[
    {
        "anchor": "Topological conditions for discrete symmetry breaking and phase\n  transitions: In the framework of a recently proposed topological approach to phase\ntransitions, some sufficient conditions ensuring the presence of the\nspontaneous breaking of a Z_2 symmetry and of a symmetry-breaking phase\ntransition are introduced and discussed. A very simple model, which we refer to\nas the hypercubic model, is introduced and solved. The main purpose of this\nmodel is that of illustrating the content of the sufficient conditions, but it\nis interesting also in itself due to its simplicity. Then some mean-field\nmodels already known in the literature are discussed in the light of the\nsufficient conditions introduced here.",
        "positive": "Entangled networks, synchronization, and optimal network topology: A new family of graphs, {\\it entangled networks}, with optimal properties in\nmany respects, is introduced. By definition, their topology is such that\noptimizes synchronizability for many dynamical processes. These networks are\nshown to have an extremely homogeneous structure: degree, node-distance,\nbetweenness, and loop distributions are all very narrow. Also, they are\ncharacterized by a very interwoven (entangled) structure with short average\ndistances, large loops, and no well-defined community-structure. This family of\nnets exhibits an excellent performance with respect to other flow properties\nsuch as robustness against errors and attacks, minimal first-passage time of\nrandom walks, efficient communication, etc. These remarkable features convert\nentangled networks in a useful concept, optimal or almost-optimal in many\nsenses, and with plenty of potential applications computer science or\nneuroscience."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conserved Mass Models and Particle Systems in One Dimension: In this paper we study analytically a simple one dimensional model of mass\ntransport. We introduce a parameter $p$ that interpolates between continuous\ntime dynamics ($p\\to 0$ limit) and discrete parallel update dynamics ($p=1$).\nFor each $p$, we study the model with (i) both continuous and discrete masses\nand (ii) both symmetric and asymmetric transport of masses. In the asymmetric\ncontinuous mass model, the two limits $p=1$ and $p\\to 0$ reduce respectively to\nthe $q$-model of force fluctuations in bead packs [S.N. Coppersmith et. al.,\nPhys. Rev. E. {\\bf 53}, 4673 (1996)] and the recently studied asymmetric random\naverage process [J. Krug and J. Garcia, cond-mat/9909034]. We calculate the\nsteady state mass distribution function $P(m)$ assuming product measure and\nshow that it has an algebraic tail for small $m$, $P(m)\\sim m^{-\\beta}$ where\nthe exponent $\\beta$ depends continuously on $p$. For the asymmetric case we\nfind $\\beta(p)=(1-p)/(2-p)$ for $0\\leq p <1$ and $\\beta(1)=-1$ and for the\nsymmetric case, $\\beta(p)=(2-p)^2/(8-5p+p^2)$ for all $0\\leq p\\leq 1$. We\ndiscuss the conditions under which the product measure ansatz is exact. We also\ncalculate exactly the steady state mass-mass correlation function and show that\nwhile it decouples in the asymmetric model, in the symmetric case it has a\nnontrivial spatial oscillation with an amplitude decaying exponentially with\ndistance.",
        "positive": "Energy flux of electromagnetic field in stochastic model of radiative\n  heat transfer in dielectric solid medium: The stochastic model that describes radiative heat transfer in dielectric\nmedium is built. The model is based on the representation that heat transfer is\nrealized both by heat conductivity mechanism in it and due to the\nelectromagnetic radiation that is generated by thermal fluctuations of atoms in\nthe medium. Using the fluctuation-dissipative theorem, on the basis of such\nphysical suppositions, the stochastic model is formulated in the form of the\ninfinite dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process that describes medium\nfluctuations. In the model frameworks, the energy flux density of fluctuating\nelectromagnetic field is calculated in the form of the functional of\ntemperature distribution in three-dimensional medium sample."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dense periodic packings of tori: Dense packings of nonoverlapping bodies in three-dimensional Euclidean space\nare useful models of the structure of a variety of many-particle systems that\narise in the physical and biological sciences. Here we investigate the packing\nbehavior of congruent ring tori, which are multiply connected nonconvex bodies\nof genus 1, as well as horn and spindle tori. We analytically construct a\nfamily of dense periodic packings of unlinked tori guided by the organizing\nprinciples originally devised for simply connected solid bodies [Torquato and\nJiao, PRE 86, 011102 (2012)]. We find that the horn tori as well as certain\nspindle and ring tori can achieve a packing density higher than the densest\nknown packing of both sphere and ellipsoids. In addition, we study dense\npackings of cluster of pair-linked ring tori (i.e., Hopf links).",
        "positive": "Classical no-cloning theorem under Liouville dynamics by non-Csisz\u00e1r\n  f-divergence: The Csisz\\'ar f-divergence, which is a class of information distances, is\nknown to offer a useful tool for analysing the classical counterpart of the\ncloning operations that are quantum mechanically impossible for the factorized\nand marginality classical probability distributions under Liouville dynamics.\nWe show that a class of information distances that does not belong to this\ndivergence class also allows for the formulation of a classical analogue of the\nquantum no-cloning theorem. We address a family of nonlinear Liouville-like\nequations, and generic distances, to obtain constraints on the corresponding\nfunctional forms, associated with the formulation of classical analogue of the\nno-cloning principle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Evolution of Multicomponent Systems at High Pressures: II. The\n  Alder-Wainwright, High-Density, Gas-Solid Phase Transition of the Hard-Sphere\n  Fluid: The thermodynamic stability of the hard-sphere gas has been examined, using\nthe formalism of scaled particle theory [SPT], and by applying explicitly the\nconditions of stability required by both the second and third laws of\nthermodynamics. The temperature and volume limits to the validity of SPT have\nalso been examined. It is demonstrated that scaled particle theory predicts\nabsolute limits to the stability of the fluid phase of the hard-sphere system,\nat all temperatures within its range of validity. Because scaled particle\ntheory describes fluids equally well as dilute gases or dense liquids, the\nlimits set upon the system stability by SPT must represent limits for the\nexistence of the fluid phase and transition to the solid. The reduced density\nat the stability limits determined by SPT is shown to agree exactly with those\nof that estimated for the Alder-Wainwright, supercritical, high-density\ngas-solid phase transition in a hard-sphere system, at a specific temperature,\nand closely over a range of more than 1,000K. The temperature dependence of the\ngas-solid phase stability limits has been examined over the range\n0.01K-10,000K. It is further shown that SPT describes correctly the variation\nof the entropy of a hard-core fluid at low temperatures, requiring its entropy\nto vanish as T goes to zero by undergoing a gas-solid phase transition at\nfinite temperature and all pressures.",
        "positive": "Thermal rectification in mass-asymmetric one-dimensional anharmonic\n  oscillator lattices with and without a ballistic spacer: In this work we perform a systematic analysis of various structural\nparameters that have influence on the thermal rectification effect, i.e.\nasymmetrical heat flow, and the negative differential thermal resistance --\nreduction of the heat flux as the applied thermal bias is increased -- present\nin a one-dimensional, segmented mass-graded system consisting of a coupled\nnearest-neighbor harmonic oscillator lattice (ballistic spacer) and two\ndiffusive leads (modeled by a substrate potential) attached to the lattice at\nboth boundaries. At variance with previous works, we consider the size of the\nspacer as smaller than that of the leads. Also considered is the case where the\nleads are connected along the whole length of the oscillator lattice; that is,\nin the absence of the ballistic spacer. Upon variation of the system's\nparameters it was determined that the performance of the device, as quantified\nby the spectral properties, is largely enhanced in the absence of the ballistic\nspacer for the small system-size limit herein considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discontinuous phase transition in chemotactic aggregation with\n  density-dependent pressure: Many small organisms such as bacteria can attract each other by depositing\nchemical attractants. At the same time, they exert repulsive force on each\nother when crowded, which can be modeled by effective pressure as an increasing\nfunction of the organisms' density. As the chemical attraction becomes strong\ncompared to the effective pressure, the system will undergo a phase transition\nfrom homogeneous distribution to aggregation. In this work, we describe the\ninterplay of organisms and chemicals on a two-dimensional disk with a set of\npartial differential equations of the Patlak-Keller-Segel type. By analyzing\nits Lyapunov functional, we show that the aggregation transition occurs\ndiscontinuously, forming an aggregate near the boundary of the disk. The result\ncan be interpreted within a thermodynamic framework by identifying the Lyapunov\nfunctional with free energy.",
        "positive": "Quantum-classical crossover close to quantum critical point: We analyze the quantum-classical crossover in the vicinity of the continuous\nquantum critical point (QCP) of a Boson system. The analysis is based on the\nKeldysh approach for the description of of the non-equilibrium quantum\ndynamics. The critical behavior close to QCP has three different regimes\n(modes): adiabatic quantum mode (AQM), dissipative classical mode (classical\ncritical dynamics mode (CCDM) and dissipative quantum critical mode (QCDM).\nCrossover among these regimes (modes) is possible: it is shown that the\nexperimentally observed changing of the critical exponents close to QCP is the\ndynamical effect accompanying the crossover from CCDM where the thermal\nfluctuations dominate to QCDM where the quantum fluctuations determine the\ncritical behavior. In this case the effective dimension of the $d$-dimensional\nsystem continuously changes from $D_{eff}=d$ to $D_{eff}=d+2$ while the\nuniversality class of the system does not change."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling and Fractal formation in Persistence: The spatial distribution of unvisited/persistent sites in $d=1$\n$A+A\\to\\emptyset$ model is studied numerically. Over length scales smaller than\na cut-off $\\xi(t)\\sim t^{z}$, the set of unvisited sites is found to be a\nfractal. The fractal dimension $d_{f}$, dynamical exponent $z$ and persistence\nexponent $\\theta$ are related through $z(1-d_{f})=\\theta$. The observed values\nof $d_{f}$ and $z$ are found to be sensitive to the initial density of\nparticles. We argue that this may be due to the existence of two competing\nlength scales, and discuss the possibility of a crossover at late times.",
        "positive": "Roughening transition in a model for dimer adsorption and desorption: A solid-on-solid growth model for dimer adsorption and desorption is\nintroduced and studied numerically. The special property of the model is that\ndimers can only desorb at the edges of terraces. It is shown that the model\nexhibits a roughening transition from a smooth to a rough phase. In both phases\nthe interface remains pinned to the bottom layer and does not propagate. Close\nto the transition certain critical properties are related to those of a\nunidirectionally coupled hierarchy of parity-conserving branching-annihilating\nrandom walks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bhattacharyya statistical divergence of quantum observables: In this article we exploit the Bhattacharyya statistical divergence to\ndetermine the similarity of probability distributions of quantum observables.\nAfter brief review of useful characteristics of the Bhattacharyya divergence we\napply it to determine the similarity of probability distributions of two\nnon-commuting observables. An explicit expression for the Bhattacharyya\nstatistical divergence is found for the case of two observables which are the\nx- and z-components of the angular momentum of a spin-1/2 system. Finally, a\nnote is given of application of the considered statistical divergence to the\nspecific physical measurement.",
        "positive": "Mean-field phase diagram for Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonians with random\n  hopping: The zero-temperature phase diagram for ultracold Bosons in a random 1D\npotential is obtained through a site-decoupling mean-field scheme performed\nover a Bose-Hubbard (BH) Hamiltonian whose hopping term is considered as a\nrandom variable. As for the model with random on-site potential, the presence\nof disorder leads to the appearance of a Bose-glass phase. The different phases\n-i.e. Mott insulator, superfluid, Bose-glass- are characterized in terms of\ncondensate fraction and superfluid fraction. Furthermore, the boundary of the\nMott lobes are related to an off-diagonal Anderson model featuring the same\ndisorder distribution as the original BH Hamiltonian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Propagator for a driven Brownian particle in step potentials: Although driven Brownian particles are ubiquitous in stochastic dynamics and\noften serve as paradigmatic model systems for many aspects of stochastic\nthermodynamics, fully analytically solvable models are few and far between. In\nthis paper, we introduce an iterative calculation scheme, similar to the method\nof images in electrostatics, that enables one to obtain the propagator if the\npotential consists of a finite number of steps. For the special case of a\nsingle potential step, this method converges after one iteration, thus\nproviding an expression for the propagator in closed form. In all other cases,\nthe iteration results in an approximation that holds for times smaller than\nsome characteristic timescale that depends on the number of iterations\nperformed. This method can also be applied to a related class of systems like\nBrownian ratchets, which do not formally contain step potentials in their\ndefinition, but impose the same kind of boundary conditions that are caused by\npotential steps.",
        "positive": "Deterministic Derivation of NonEquilibrium Free Energy Theorems for\n  Natural Isothermal Isobaric Systems: The nonequilibrium free energy theorems show how distributions of work along\nnonequilibrium paths are related to free energy differences between the\nequilibrium states at the end points of these paths. In this paper we develop a\nnatural way of barostatting a system and give the first deterministic\nderivation of the Crooks and Jarzynski relations for these isothermal isobaric\nsystems. We illustrate these relations by applying them to molecular dynamics\nsimulations of a model polymer undergoing stretching."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlations and transport in exclusion processes with general finite\n  memory: We consider the correlations and the hydrodynamic description of random\nwalkers with a general finite memory moving on a $d$ dimensional hypercubic\nlattice. We derive a drift-diffusion equation and identify a memory-dependent\ncritical density. Above the critical density, the effective diffusion\ncoefficient decreases with the particles' propensity to move forward and below\nthe critical density it increases with their propensity to move forward. If the\ncorrelations are neglected the critical density is exactly $1/2$. We also\nderive a low-density approximation for the same time correlations between\ndifferent sites. We perform simulations on a one-dimensional system with\none-step memory and find good agreement between our analytical derivation and\nthe numerical results. We also consider the previously unexplored special case\nof totally anti-persistent particles. Generally, the correlation length\nconverges to a finite value. However in the special case of totally\nanti-persistent particles and density $1/2$, the correlation length diverges\nwith time. Furthermore, connecting a system of totally anti-persistent\nparticles to external particle reservoirs creates a new phenomenon: In almost\nall systems, regardless of the precise details of the microscopic dynamics,\nwhen a system is connected to a reservoir, the mean density of particle at the\nedge is the same as the reservoir following the zeroth law of thermodynamics.\nIn a totally anti-persistent system, however, the density at the edge is always\nhigher than in the reservoir. We find a qualitative description of this\nphenomenon which agrees reasonably well with the numerics.",
        "positive": "Novel Properties of Frustrated Low Dimensional Magnets with Pentagonal\n  Symmetry: In the context of magnetism, frustration arises when a group of spins cannot\nfind a configuration that minimizes all of their pairwise interactions\nsimultaneously. We consider the effects of the geometric frustration that\narises in a structure having pentagonal loops. Such five-fold loops can be\nexpected to occur naturally in quasicrystals, as seen for example in a number\nof experimental studies of surfaces of icosahedral alloys. Our model considers\nclassical vector spins placed on vertices of a subtiling of the two dimensional\nPenrose tiling, and interacting with nearest neighbors via antiferromagnetic\nbonds. We give a set of recursion relations for this system, which consists of\nan infinite set of embedded clusters with sizes that increase as a power of the\ngolden mean. The magnetic ground states of this fractal system are studied\nanalytically, and by Monte Carlo simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Limit of validity of Ostwald's rule of stages in a statistical\n  mechanical model of crystallization: We have only rules of thumb with which to predict how a material will\ncrystallize, chief among which is Ostwald's rule of stages. It states that the\nfirst phase to appear upon transformation of a parent phase is the one closest\nto it in free energy. Although sometimes upheld, the rule is without\ntheoretical foundation and is not universally obeyed, highlighting the need for\nmicroscopic understanding of crystallization controls. Here we study in detail\nthe crystallization pathways of a prototypical model of patchy particles. The\nrange of crystallization pathways it exhibits is richer than can be predicted\nby Ostwald's rule, but a combination of simulation and analytic theory reveals\nclearly how these pathways are selected by microscopic parameters. Our results\nsuggest strategies for controlling self-assembly pathways in simulation and\nexperiment.",
        "positive": "From Langevin to generalized Langevin equations for the nonequilibrium\n  Rouse model: We investigate the nature of the effective dynamics and statistical forces\nobtained after integrating out nonequilibrium degrees of freedom. To be\nexplicit, we consider the Rouse model for the conformational dynamics of an\nideal polymer chain subject to steady driving. We compute the effective\ndynamics for one of the many monomers by integrating out the rest of the chain.\nThe result is a generalized Langevin dynamics for which we give the memory and\nnoise kernels and the effective force, and we discuss the inherited\nnonequilibrium aspects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation in Temporally Correlated Zero-Range Dynamics: Condensation phenomena in non-equilibrium systems have been modeled by the\nzero-range process, which is a model of particles hopping between boxes with\nMarkovian dynamics. In many cases, memory effects in the dynamics cannot be\nneglected. In an attempt to understand the possible impact of temporal\ncorrelations on the condensate, we introduce and study a process with\nnon-Markovian zero-range dynamics. We find that memory effects have significant\nimpact on the condensation scenario. Specifically, two main results are found:\n(1) In mean-field dynamics, the steady state corresponds to that of a Markovian\nZRP, but with modified hopping rates which can affect condensation, and (2) for\nnearest-neighbor hopping in one dimension, the condensate occupies two adjacent\nsites on the lattice and drifts with a finite velocity. The validity of these\nresults in a more general context is discussed.",
        "positive": "Temporal Dynamics in Perturbation Theory: Perturbation theory can be reformulated as dynamical theory. Then a sequence\nof perturbative approximations is bijective to a trajectory of dynamical system\nwith discrete time, called the approximation cascade. Here we concentrate our\nattention on the stability conditions permitting to control the convergence of\napproximation sequences. We show that several types of mapping multipliers and\nLyapunov exponents can be introduced and, respectively, several types of\nconditions controlling local stability can be formulated. The ideas are\nillustrated by calculating the energy levels of an anharmonic oscillator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large Deviations in Single File Diffusion: We apply macroscopic fluctuation theory to study the diffusion of a tracer in\na one-dimensional interacting particle system with excluded mutual passage,\nknown as single-file diffusion. In the case of Brownian point particles with\nhard-core repulsion, we derive the cumulant generating function of the tracer\nposition and its large deviation function. In the general case of arbitrary\ninter-particle interactions, we express the variance of the tracer position in\nterms of the collective transport properties, viz. the diffusion coefficient\nand the mobility. Our analysis applies both for fluctuating (annealed) and\nfixed (quenched) initial configurations.",
        "positive": "Glassy dynamics, aging and thermally activated avalanches in interface\n  pinning at finite temperatures: We study numerically the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of interfaces at finite\ntemperatures when driven well below the zero-temperature depinning threshold.\nWe go further than previous analysis by including the most relevant\nnon-equilibrium correction to the elastic Hamiltonian. We find that the\nrelaxation dynamics towards the steady-state shows glassy behavior, aging and\nviolation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The interface roughness\nexponent alpha approx 0.7 is found to be robust to temperature changes. We also\nstudy the instantaneous velocity signal in the low temperature regime and find\nlong-range temporal correlations. We argue 1/f-noise arises from the merging of\nlocal thermally-activated avalanches of depinning events."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hamiltonian dynamics, nanosystems, and nonequilibrium statistical\n  mechanics: An overview is given of recent advances in nonequilibrium statistical\nmechanics on the basis of the theory of Hamiltonian dynamical systems and in\nthe perspective provided by the nanosciences. It is shown how the properties of\nrelaxation toward a state of equilibrium can be derived from Liouville's\nequation for Hamiltonian dynamical systems. The relaxation rates can be\nconceived in terms of the so-called Pollicott-Ruelle resonances. In spatially\nextended systems, the transport coefficients can also be obtained from the\nPollicott-Ruelle resonances. The Liouvillian eigenstates associated with these\nresonances are in general singular and present fractal properties. The singular\ncharacter of the nonequilibrium states is shown to be at the origin of the\npositive entropy production of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Furthermore,\nlarge-deviation dynamical relationships are obtained which relate the transport\nproperties to the characteristic quantities of the microscopic dynamics such as\nthe Lyapunov exponents, the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy per unit time, and the\nfractal dimensions. We show that these large-deviation dynamical relationships\nbelong to the same family of formulas as the fluctuation theorem, as well as a\nnew formula relating the entropy production to the difference between an\nentropy per unit time of Kolmogorov-Sinai type and a time-reversed entropy per\nunit time. The connections to the nonequilibrium work theorem and the transient\nfluctuation theorem are also discussed. Applications to nanosystems are\ndescribed.",
        "positive": "Critical Dynamics of Anisotropic Antiferromagnets in an External Field: We numerically investigate the non-equilibrium critical dynamics in\nthree-dimensional anisotropic antiferromagnets in the presence of an external\nmagnetic field. The phase diagram of this system exhibits two critical lines\nthat meet at a bicritical point. The non-conserved components of the staggered\nmagnetization order parameter couple dynamically to the conserved component of\nthe magnetization density along the direction of the external field. Employing\na hybrid computational algorithm that combines reversible spin precession with\nrelaxational Monte Carlo updates, we study the aging scaling dynamics for the\nmodel C critical line, identifying the critical initial slip, autocorrelation,\nand aging exponents for both the order parameter and conserved field, thus also\nverifying the dynamic critical exponent. We further probe the model F critical\nline by investigating the system size dependence of the characteristic spin\nwave frequencies near criticality, and measure the dynamic critical exponents\nfor the order parameter including its aging scaling at the bicritical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropic analysis of the role of words in literary texts: Beyond the local constraints imposed by grammar, words concatenated in long\nsequences carrying a complex message show statistical regularities that may\nreflect their linguistic role in the message. In this paper, we perform a\nsystematic statistical analysis of the use of words in literary English\ncorpora. We show that there is a quantitative relation between the role of\ncontent words in literary English and the Shannon information entropy defined\nover an appropriate probability distribution. Without assuming any previous\nknowledge about the syntactic structure of language, we are able to cluster\ncertain groups of words according to their specific role in the text.",
        "positive": "Accurate simulation estimates of cloud points of polydisperse fluids: We describe two distinct approaches to obtaining cloud point densities and\ncoexistence properties of polydisperse fluid mixtures by Monte Carlo simulation\nwithin the grand canonical ensemble. The first method determines the chemical\npotential distribution $\\mu(\\sigma)$ (with $\\sigma$ the polydisperse attribute)\nunder the constraint that the ensemble average of the particle density\ndistribution $\\rho(\\sigma)$ matches a prescribed parent form. Within the region\nof phase coexistence (delineated by the cloud curve) this leads to a\ndistribution of the fluctuating overall particle density n, p(n), that\nnecessarily has unequal peak weights in order to satisfy a generalized lever\nrule. A theoretical analysis shows that as a consequence, finite-size\ncorrections to estimates of coexistence properties are power laws in the system\nsize. The second method assigns $\\mu(\\sigma)$ such that an equal peak weight\ncriterion is satisfied for p(n)$ for all points within the coexistence region.\nHowever, since equal volumes of the coexisting phases cannot satisfy the lever\nrule for the prescribed parent, their relative contributions must be weighted\nappropriately when determining $\\mu(\\sigma)$. We show how to ascertain the\nrequisite weight factor operationally. A theoretical analysis of the second\nmethod suggests that it leads to finite-size corrections to estimates of\ncoexistence properties which are {\\em exponentially small} in the system size.\nThe scaling predictions for both methods are tested via Monte Carlo simulations\nof a novel polydisperse lattice gas model near its cloud curve, the results\nshowing excellent quantitative agreement with the theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal Langevin modelling of out-of-equilibrium molecular dynamics\n  simulations: We introduce a scheme for deriving an optimally-parametrised Langevin\ndynamics of few collective variables from data generated in molecular dynamics\nsimulations. The drift and the position-dependent diffusion profiles governing\nthe Langevin dynamics are expressed as explicit averages over the input\ntrajectories. The proposed strategy is applicable to cases when the input\ntrajectories are generated by subjecting the system to a external\ntime-dependent force (as opposed to canonically-equilibrated trajectories).\nSecondly, it provides an explicit control on the statistical uncertainty of the\ndrift and diffusion profiles. These features lend to the possibility of\ndesigning the external force driving the system so to maximize the accuracy of\nthe drift and diffusions profile throughout the phase space of interest.\nQuantitative criteria are also provided to assess a posteriori the\nsatisfiability of the requisites for applying the method, namely the Markovian\ncharacter of the stochastic dynamics of the collective variables.",
        "positive": "Finite-size effects in the self-organized critical forest-fire model: We study finite-size effects in the self-organized critical forest-fire model\nby numerically evaluating the tree density and the fire size distribution. The\nresults show that this model does not display the finite-size scaling seen in\nconventional critical systems. Rather, the system is composed of relatively\nhomogeneous patches of different tree densities, leading to two qualitatively\ndifferent types of fires: those that span an entire patch and those that don't.\nAs the system size becomes smaller, the system contains less patches, and\nfinally becomes homogeneous, with large density fluctuations in time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin slush in an extended spin ice model: We introduce a new classical spin liquid on the pyrochlore lattice by\nextending spin ice with further neighbour interactions. We find that this\ndisorder free spin model exhibits a form of dynamical heterogeneity with\nextremely slow relaxation for some spins while others fluctuate quickly down to\nzero temperature. We thus call this state \"spin slush\", in analogy to the\nheterogeneous mixture of solid and liquid water. This behaviour is driven by\nthe structure of the ground state manifold which extends the celebrated the\ntwo-in/two-out ice states to include branching structures built from\nthree-in/one-out, three-out/one-in and all-in/all-out tetrahedra defects.\nDistinctive liquid-like patterns in the spin correlations serve as a signature\nof this intermediate range order. Possible applications to materials as well\nthe effects of quantum tunneling are discussed.",
        "positive": "Classical-Quantum Mappings for Geometrically Frustrated Systems: Spin\n  Ice in a [100] Field: Certain classical statistical systems with strong local constraints are known\nto exhibit Coulomb phases, where long-range correlation functions have\npower-law forms. Continuous transitions from these into ordered phases cannot\nbe described by a naive application of the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory, since\nneither phase is thermally disordered. We present an alternative approach to a\ncritical theory for such systems, based on a mapping to a quantum problem in\none fewer spatial dimensions. We apply this method to spin ice, a magnetic\nmaterial with geometrical frustration, which exhibits a Coulomb phase and a\ncontinuous transition to an ordered state in the presence of a magnetic field\napplied in the [100] direction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maximum-power quantum-mechanical Carnot engine: In their work [J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 33, 4427 (2000)], Bender, Brody, and\nMeister have shown by employing a two-state model of a particle confined in the\none-dimensional infinite potential well that it is possible to construct a\nquantum-mechanical analog of the Carnot engine through the changes of both the\nwidth of the well and the quantum state in a specific manner. Here, a\ndiscussion is developed about realizing the maximum power of such an engine,\nwhere the width of the well moves at low but finite speed. The efficiency of\nthe engine at the maximum power output is found to be universal independently\nof any of the parameters contained in the model.",
        "positive": "Typical pure nonequilibrium steady states and irreversibility for\n  quantum transports: It is known that each single typical pure state in an energy shell of a large\nisolated quantum system well represents a thermal equilibrium state of the\nsystem. We show that such typicality holds also for nonequilibrium steady\nstates (NESS's). We consider a small quantum system coupled to multiple\ninfinite reservoirs. In the long run, the total system reaches a unique NESS.\nWe identify a large Hilbert space from which pure states of the system are to\nbe sampled randomly and show that the typical pure states well describe the\nNESS. We also point out that the irreversible relaxation to the unique NESS is\nimportant to the typicality of the pure NESS's."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Twisted-Boundary-Condition Formalism for Thermal Transport and an\n  Application to the One-Dimensional XY Spin Chain: We introduce and formulate the boundary condition twisted by the energy (time\ntranslation) in one-dimensional quantum many-body systems. The stiffness\nagainst this boundary condition quantifies thermal analogues of the Drude\nweight and the Meissner stiffness. We apply this formalism to the\none-dimensional quantum XY spin chain and estimate the thermal Meissner\nstiffness.",
        "positive": "Computation of microcanonical entropy at fixed magnetization without\n  direct counting: We discuss a method to compute the microcanonical entropy at fixed\nmagnetization without direct counting. Our approach is based on the evaluation\nof a saddle-point leading to an optimization problem. The method is applied to\na benchmark Ising model with simultaneous presence of mean-field and\nnearest-neighbour interactions for which direct counting is indeed possible,\nthus allowing a comparison. Moreover, we apply the method to an Ising model\nwith mean-field, nearest-neighbour and next-nearest-neighbour interactions, for\nwhich direct counting is not straightforward. For this model, we compare the\nsolution obtained by our method with the one obtained from the formula for the\nentropy in terms of all correlation functions. This example shows that for\ngeneral couplings our method is much more convenient than direct counting\nmethods to compute the microcanonical entropy at fixed magnetization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the mixing time in the Wang-Landau algorithm: We present preliminary results of the investigation of the properties of the\nMarkov random walk in the energy space generated by the Wang-Landau\nprobability. We build transition matrix in the energy space (TMES) using the\nexact density of states for one-dimensional and two-dimensional Ising models.\nThe spectral gap of TMES is inversely proportional to the mixing time of the\nMarkov chain. We estimate numerically the dependence of the mixing time on the\nlattice size, and extract the mixing exponent.",
        "positive": "Specific heat of thin $^4$He films on graphite: The specific heat of a two-layer He-4 film adsorbed on a graphite substrate\nis estimated as a function of temperature by Quantum Monte Carlo simulations.\nThe results are consistent with recent experimental observations, in that they\nbroadly reproduce their most important features. However, neither the\n\"supersolid\" nor the \"superfluid hexatic\" phases, of which experimental data\nare claimed to be evidence, are observed. It is contended that heat capacity\nmeasurements alone may not be a good predictor of structural and superfluid\ntransitions in this system, as their interpretation is often ambiguous."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structural characterization and statistical-mechanical model of\n  epidermal patterns: In proliferating epithelia of mammalian skin, cells of irregular\npolygonal-like shapes pack into complex nearly flat two-dimensional structures\nthat are pliable to deformations. In this work, we employ various sensitive\ncorrelation functions to quantitatively characterize structural features of\nevolving packings of epithelial cells across length scales in mouse skin. We\nfind that the pair statistics in direct and Fourier spaces of the cell\ncentroids in the early stages of embryonic development show structural\ndirectional dependence, while in the late stages the patterns tend towards\nstatistically isotropic states. We construct a minimalist four-component\nstatistical-mechanical model involving effective isotropic pair interactions\nconsisting of hard-core repulsion and extra short-ranged soft-core repulsion\nbeyond the hard core, whose length scale is roughly the same as the hard core.\nThe model parameters are optimized to match the sample pair statistics in both\ndirect and Fourier spaces. By doing this, the parameters are biologically\nconstrained. Our model predicts essentially the same polygonal shape\ndistribution and size disparity of cells found in experiments as measured by\nVoronoi statistics. Moreover, our simulated equilibrium liquid-like\nconfigurations are able to match other nontrivial unconstrained statistics,\nwhich is a testament to the power and novelty of the model. We discuss ways in\nwhich our model might be extended so as to better understand morphogenesis (in\nparticular the emergence of planar cell polarity), wound-healing, and disease\nprogression processes in skin, and how it could be applied to the design of\nsynthetic tissues.",
        "positive": "Response of a hexagonal granular packing under a localized overload:\n  effects of pressure: We study the response of a two-dimensional hexagonal packing of rigid,\nfrictionless spherical grains due to a vertically downward point force on a\nsingle grain at the top layer. We use a statistical approach, where each\nconfiguration of the contact forces is equally likely. We find that the\nresponse is double-peaked, independantly of the details of boundary conditions.\nThe two peaks lie precisely on the downward lattice directions emanating from\nthe point of application of the force. We examine the influence of the\nconfining pressure applied to the packing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Detailed fluctuation theorem bounds apparent violations of the second\n  law: The second law of thermodynamics is a statement about the statistics of the\nentropy production, $\\langle \\Sigma \\rangle \\geq 0$. For small systems, it is\nknown that the entropy production is a random variable and negative values\n($\\Sigma < 0$) might be observed in some experiments. This situation is\nsometimes called apparent violation of the second law. In this sense, how often\nis the second law violated? For a given average $\\langle \\Sigma \\rangle $, we\nshow that the strong detailed fluctuation theorem implies a lower tight bound\nfor the apparent violations of the second law. As applications, we verify that\nthe bound is satisfied for the entropy produced in the heat exchange problem\nbetween two reservoirs mediated by a bosonic mode in the weak coupling\napproximation, a levitated nanoparticle and a classical particle in a box.",
        "positive": "Universal Scaling Laws for Correlation Spreading in Quantum Systems with\n  Short- and Long-Range Interactions: We study the spreading of information in a wide class of quantum systems,\nwith variable-range interactions. We show that, after a quench, it generally\nfeatures a double structure, whose scaling laws are related to a set of\nuniversal microscopic exponents that we determine. When the system supports\nexcitations with a finite maximum velocity, the spreading shows a twofold\nballistic behavior. While the correlation edge spreads with a velocity equal to\ntwice the maximum group velocity, the dominant correlation maxima propagate\nwith a different velocity that we derive. When the maximum group velocity\ndiverges, as realizable with long-range interactions, the correlation edge\nfeatures a slower-than-ballistic motion. The motion of the maxima is, instead,\neither faster-than-ballistic, for gapless systems, or ballistic, for gapped\nsystems. The phenomenology that we unveil here provides a unified framework,\nwhich encompasses existing experimental observations with ultracold atoms and\nions. It also paves the way to simple extensions of those experiments to\nobserve the structures we describe in their full generality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strong correlations in low dimensional systems: I describe in these notes the physical properties of one dimensional\ninteracting quantum particles. In one dimension the combined effects of\ninteractions and quantum fluctuations lead to a radically new physics quite\ndifferent from the one existing in the higher dimensional world. Although the\ngeneral physics and concepts are presented, I focuss in these notes on the\nproperties of interacting bosons, with a special emphasis on cold atomic\nphysics in optical lattices. The method of bosonization used to tackle such\nproblems is presented. It is then used to solve two fundamental problems. The\nfirst one is the action of a periodic potential, leading to a superfluid to\n(Mott)-Insulator transition. The second is the action of a random potential\nthat transforms the superfluid in phase localized by disorder, the Bose glass.\nSome discussion of other interesting extensions of these studies is given.",
        "positive": "The Razumov-Stroganov conjecture: Stochastic processes, loops and\n  combinatorics: A fascinating conjectural connection between statistical mechanics and\ncombinatorics has in the past five years led to the publication of a number of\npapers in various areas, including stochastic processes, solvable lattice\nmodels and supersymmetry. This connection, known as the Razumov-Stroganov\nconjecture, expresses eigenstates of physical systems in terms of objects known\nfrom combinatorics, which is the mathematical theory of counting. This note\nintends to explain this connection in light of the recent papers by Zinn-Justin\nand Di Francesco."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of next-nearest neighbor interactions on the dynamic order\n  parameter of the Kinetic Ising model in an oscillating field: We study the effects of next-nearest neighbor (NNN) interactions in the\ntwo-dimensional ferromagnetic kinetic Ising model exposed to an oscillating\nfield. By tuning the interaction ratio (p = JNNN/JNN) of the NNN (JNNN) to the\nnearest-neighbor (NN) interaction (JNN) we find that the model undergoes a\ntransition from a regime in which the dynamic order parameter Q is equal to\nzero to a phase in which Q is not equal to zero. From our studies we conclude\nthat the model can exhibit an interaction induced transition from a\ndeterministic to a stochastic state. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the\nsystems' metastable lifetime is sensitive not only to the lattice size,\nexternal field amplitude, and temperature (as found in earlier studies) but\nalso to additional interactions present in the system.",
        "positive": "Local detailed balance for active particle models: Starting from a Huxley-type model for an agitated vibrational mode, we\npropose an embedding of standard active particle models in terms of\ntwo-temperature processes. One temperature refers to an ambient thermal bath,\nand the other temperature effectively describes ``hot spots,'' i.e., systems\nwith few degrees of freedom showing important population homogenization or even\ninversion of energy levels as a result of activation. That setup admits to\nquantitatively specifying the resulting nonequilibrium driving, rendering local\ndetailed balance to active particle models, and making easy contact with\nthermodynamic features. In addition, we observe that the shape transition in\nthe steady low-temperature behaviour of run-and-tumble particles (with the\ninteresting emergence of edge states at high persistence) is stable and occurs\nfor all temperature differences, including close to equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The three species monomer-monomer model in the reaction-controlled limit: We study the one dimensional three species monomer-monomer reaction model in\nthe reaction controlled limit using mean-field theory and dynamic Monte Carlo\nsimulations. The phase diagram consists of a reactive steady state bordered by\nthree equivalent adsorbing phases where the surface is saturated with one\nmonomer species. The transitions from the reactive phase are all continuous,\nwhile the transitions between adsorbing phases are first-order. Bicritical\npoints occur where the reactive phase simultaneously meets two adsorbing\nphases. The transitions from the reactive to an adsorbing phase show directed\npercolation critical behaviour, while the universal behaviour at the bicritical\npoints is in the even branching annihilating random walk class. The results are\ncontrasted and compared to previous results for the adsorption-controlled limit\nof the same model.",
        "positive": "Exact Tagged Particle Correlations in the Random Average Process: We study analytically the correlations between the positions of tagged\nparticles in the random average process, an interacting particle system in one\ndimension. We show that in the steady state the mean squared auto-fluctuation\nof a tracer particle grows subdiffusively as $sigma^2(t) ~ t^{1/2}$ for large\ntime t in the absence of external bias, but grows diffusively $sigma^2(t) ~ t$\nin the presence of a nonzero bias. The prefactors of the subdiffusive and\ndiffusive growths as well as the universal scaling function describing the\ncrossover between them are computed exactly. We also compute $sigma_r^2(t)$,\nthe mean squared fluctuation in the position difference of two tagged particles\nseparated by a fixed tag shift r in the steady state and show that the external\nbias has a dramatic effect in the time dependence of $sigma_r^2(t)$. For fixed\nr, $sigma_r^2(t)$ increases monotonically with t in absence of bias but has a\nnon-monotonic dependence on t in presence of bias. Similarities and differences\nwith the simple exclusion process are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of the critical percolation backbone with spatial long-range\n  correlations: We study the statistics of the backbone cluster between two sites separated\nby distance $r$ in two-dimensional percolation networks subjected to spatial\nlong-range correlations. We find that the distribution of backbone mass follows\nthe scaling {\\it ansatz}, $P(M_B)\\sim M_B^{-(\\alpha+1)}f(M_B/M_0)$, where\n$f(x)=(\\alpha+ \\eta x^{\\eta}) \\exp(-x^{\\eta})$ is a cutoff function, and $M_0$\nand $\\eta$ are cutoff parameters. Our results from extensive computational\nsimulations indicate that this scaling form is applicable to both correlated\nand uncorrelated cases. We show that the exponent $\\alpha$ can be directly\nrelated to the fractal dimension of the backbone $d_B$, and should therefore\ndepend on the imposed degree of long-range correlations.",
        "positive": "Generating Transition Paths by Langevin Bridges: We propose a novel stochastic method to generate paths conditioned to start\nin an initial state and end in a given final state during a certain time\n$t_{f}$. These paths are weighted with a probability given by the overdamped\nLangevin dynamics. We show that these paths can be exactly generated by a\nnon-local stochastic differential equation. In the limit of short times, we\nshow that this complicated non-solvable equation can be simplified into an\napproximate stochastic differential equation. For longer times, the paths\ngenerated by this approximate equation can be reweighted to generate the\ncorrect statistics. In all cases, the paths generated by this equation are\nstatistically independent and provide a representative sample of transition\npaths. In case the reaction takes place in a solvent (e.g. protein folding in\nwater), the explicit solvent can be treated. The method is illustrated on the\none-dimensional quartic oscillator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficiency of molecular machines with continuous phase space: We consider a molecular machine described as a Brownian particle diffusing in\na tilted periodic potential. We evaluate the absorbed and released power of the\nmachine as a function of the applied molecular and chemical forces, by using\nthe fact that the times for completing a cycle in the forward and the backward\ndirection have the same distribution, and that the ratio of the corresponding\nsplitting probabilities can be simply expressed as a function of the applied\nforce. We explicitly evaluate the efficiency at maximum power for a simple\nsawtooth potential. We also obtain the efficiency at maximum power for a broad\nclass of 2-D models of a Brownian machine and find that loosely coupled\nmachines operate with a smaller efficiency at maximum power than their strongly\ncoupled counterparts.",
        "positive": "Nonlocal behaviors of spin correlations in the Haldane-Shastry model: The nonlocal factors of spin correlations are introduced for lattice spin\nmodels. Based on this concept, we investigate the nonlocal behavior of the\nHaldane-Shastry model with or without ring frustration. The ground state and\nspin correlations of the Haldane-Shastry model are calculated for both even and\nodd number of spins, then the nonlocal factors can be deduced analytically. It\nis found that the nonlocal factor due the ring frustration is the same as the\nHeisenberg model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermalization of local observables in the $\u03b1$-FPUT chain: Most studies on the problem of equilibration of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou\n(FPUT) system have focused on equipartition of energy being attained amongst\nthe normal modes of the corresponding harmonic system. In the present work, we\ninstead discuss the equilibration problem in terms of local variables, and\nconsider initial conditions corresponding to spatially localized energy. We\nestimate the time-scales for equipartition of space localized degrees of\nfreedom and find significant differences with the times scales observed for\nnormal modes. Measuring thermalization in classical systems necessarily\nrequires some averaging, and this could involve one over initial conditions or\nover time or spatial averaging. Here we consider averaging over initial\nconditions chosen from a narrow distribution in phase space. We examine in\ndetail the effect of the width of the initial phase space distribution, and of\nintegrability and chaos, on the time scales for thermalization. We show how\nthermalization properties of the system, quantified by its equilibration time,\ndefined in this work, can be related to chaos, given by the maximal Lyapunov\nexponent. Somewhat surprisingly we also find that the ensemble averaging can\nlead to thermalization of the integrable Toda chain, though on much longer time\nscales.",
        "positive": "Statistical System based on $p$-adic numbers: We propose statistical systems based on $p$-adic numbers. In the systems, the\nHamiltonian is a standard real number which is given by a map from the $p$-adic\nnumbers. Therefore we can introduce the temperature as a real number and\ncalculate the thermodynamical quantities like free energy, thermodynamical\nenergy, entropy, specific heat, etc. Although we consider a very simple system,\nwhich corresponds to a free particle moving in one dimensional space, we find\nthat there appear the behaviors like phase transition in the system. Usually in\norder that a phase transition occurs, we need a system with an infinite number\nof degrees of freedom but in the system where the dynamical variable is given\nby $p$-adic number, even if the degree of the freedom is unity, there might\noccur the phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic dipole and quadrupole phase transitions in the kinetic spin-1\n  model: The dynamic phase transitions have been studied, within a mean-field\napproach, in the kinetic spin-1 Ising model Hamiltonian with arbitrary bilinear\nand biquadratic pair interactions in the presence of a time varying\n(sinusoidal) magnetic field by using the Glauber-type stochastic dynamics. The\nnature (first- or second-order) of the transition is characterized by\ninvestigating the behavior of the thermal variation of the dynamic order\nparameters. The dynamic phase transitions (DPTs) are obtained and the phase\ndiagrams are constructed in the temperature and magnetic field amplitude plane\nand found six fundamental types of phase diagrams. Phase diagrams exhibit one\nor two dynamic tricritical points depending on the biquadratic interaction (K).\nBesides the disordered (D) and ferromagnetic (F) phases, the FQ + D, F + FQ and\nF + D coexistence phase regions also exist in the system and the F and F + D\nphases disappear for high values of K.",
        "positive": "Product Measure Steady States of Generalized Zero Range Processes: We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of\nfactorizable steady states of the Generalized Zero Range Process. This process\nallows transitions from a site $i$ to a site $i+q$ involving multiple particles\nwith rates depending on the content of the site $i$, the direction $q$ of\nmovement, and the number of particles moving. We also show the sufficiency of a\nsimilar condition for the continuous time Mass Transport Process, where the\nmass at each site and the amount transferred in each transition are continuous\nvariables; we conjecture that this is also a necessary condition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster-resolved dynamic scaling theory and universal corrections for\n  transport on percolating systems: For percolating systems, we propose a universal exponent relation connecting\nthe leading corrections to scaling of the cluster size distribution with the\ndynamic corrections to the asymptotic transport behaviour at criticality. Our\nderivation is based on a cluster-resolved scaling theory unifying the scaling\nof both the cluster size distribution and the dynamics of a random walker. We\ncorroborate our theoretical approach by extensive simulations for a site\npercolating square lattice and numerically determine both the static and\ndynamic correction exponents.",
        "positive": "Constant flux relation for driven dissipative systems: Conservation laws constrain the stationary state statistics of driven\ndissipative systems because the average flux of a conserved quantity between\ndriving and dissipation scales should be constant. This requirement leads to a\nuniversal scaling law for flux-measuring correlation functions, which\ngeneralizes the 4/5-th law of Navier-Stokes turbulence. We demonstrate the\nutility of this simple idea by deriving new exact scaling relations for models\nof aggregating particle systems in the fluctuation-dominated regime and for\nenergy and wave action cascades in models of strong wave turbulence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bose Condensation Without Broken Symmetries: This paper considers the issue of Bose-Einstein condensation in a weakly\ninteracting Bose gas with a fixed total number of particles. We use an old\ncurrent algebra formulation of non-relativistic many body systems due to Dashen\nand Sharp to show that, at sufficiently low temperatures, a gas of weakly\ninteracting Bosons displays Off-diagonal Long Range Order in the sense\nintroduced by Penrose and Onsager. Even though this formulation is somewhat\ncumbersome it may demystify many of the standard results in the field for those\nuncomfortable with the conventional broken symmetry based approaches. All the\nphysics presented here is well understood but as far as we know this\nperspective, although dating from the 60's and 70's, has not appeared in the\nliterature. We have attempted to make the presentation as self-contained as\npossible in the hope that it will be accessible to the many students interested\nin the field.",
        "positive": "Magnetization-plateau state of the S=3/2 spin chain with single ion\n  anisotropy: We reexamine the numerical study of the magnetized state of the S=3/2 spin\nchain with single ion anisotropy D(> 0) for the magnetization M=M_{S}/3, where\nM_{S} is the saturation magnetization. We find at this magnetization that for\nD<D_{c1}=0.387 the system is critical and the magnetization plateau does not\nappear. For D > D_{c1}, the parameter region is divided into two parts D_{c1} <\nD < D_{c2}=0.943 and D_{c2} < D. In each region, the system is gapful and the\nM=M_{S}/3 magnetization plateau appears in the magnetization process. From our\nnumerical calculation, the intermediate region D_{c1} < D < D_{c2} should be\ncharacterized by a magnetized valence-bond-solid state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pattern formation and selection in quasi-static fracture: Fracture in quasi-statically driven systems is studied by means of a discrete\nspring-block model. Developed from close comparison with desiccation\nexperiments, it describes crack formation induced by friction on a substrate.\nThe model produces cellular, hierarchical patterns of cracks, characterized by\na mean fragment size linear in the layer thickness, in agreement with\nexperiments. The selection of a stationary fragment size is explained by\nexploiting the correlations prior to cracking. A scaling behavior associated\nwith the thickness and substrate coupling, derived and confirmed by\nsimulations, suggests why patterns have similar morphology despite their\ndisparity in scales.",
        "positive": "Surface Shape and Local Critical Behaviour in Two-Dimensional Directed\n  Percolation: Two-dimensional directed site percolation is studied in systems directed\nalong the x-axis and limited by a free surface at y=\\pm Cx^k. Scaling\nconsiderations show that the surface is a relevant perturbation to the local\ncritical behaviour when k<1/z where z=\\nu_\\parallel/\\nu is the dynamical\nexponent. The tip-to-bulk order parameter correlation function is calculated in\nthe mean-field approximation. The tip percolation probability and the fractal\ndimensions of critical clusters are obtained through Monte-Carlo simulations.\nThe tip order parameter has a nonuniversal, C-dependent, scaling dimension in\nthe marginal case, k=1/z, and displays a stretched exponential behaviour when\nthe perturbation is relevant. The k-dependence of the fractal dimensions in the\nrelevant case is in agreement with the results of a blob picture approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distribution of Scattering Matrix Elements in Quantum Chaotic Scattering: Scattering is an important phenomenon which is observed in systems ranging\nfrom the micro- to macroscale. In the context of nuclear reaction theory the\nHeidelberg approach was proposed and later demonstrated to be applicable to\nmany chaotic scattering systems. To model the universal properties,\nstochasticity is introduced to the scattering matrix on the level of the\nHamiltonian by using random matrices. A long-standing problem was the\ncomputation of the distribution of the off-diagonal scattering-matrix elements.\nWe report here an exact solution to this problem and present analytical results\nfor systems with preserved and with violated time-reversal invariance. Our\nderivation is based on a new variant of the supersymmetry method. We also\nvalidate our results with scattering data obtained from experiments with\nmicrowave billiards.",
        "positive": "On a model of random cycles: We consider a model of random permutations of the sites of the cubic lattice.\nPermutations are weighted so that sites are preferably sent onto neighbors. We\npresent numerical evidence for the occurrence of a transition to a phase with\ninfinite, macroscopic cycles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collective excitations of trapped Bose condensates in the energy and\n  time domains: A time-dependent method for calculating the collective excitation frequencies\nand densities of a trapped, inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate with\ncirculation is presented. The results are compared with time-independent\nsolutions of the Bogoliubov-deGennes equations. The method is based on\ntime-dependent linear-response theory combined with spectral analysis of\nmoments of the excitation modes of interest. The technique is straightforward\nto apply, is extremely efficient in our implementation with parallel FFT\nmethods, and produces highly accurate results. The method is suitable for\ngeneral trap geometries, condensate flows and condensates permeated with vortex\nstructures.",
        "positive": "Eigenvectors of open XXZ and ASEP models for a class of non-diagonal\n  boundary conditions: We present a generalization of the coordinate Bethe ansatz that allows us to\nsolve integrable open XXZ and ASEP models with non-diagonal boundary matrices,\nprovided their parameters obey some relations. These relations extend the ones\nalready known in the literature in the context of algebraic or functional Bethe\nansatz. The eigenvectors are represented as sums over cosets of the $BC_n$ Weyl\ngroup."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sub-Natural-Linewidth Quantum Interference Features Observed in\n  Photoassociation of a Thermal Gas: By driving photoassociation transitions we form electronically excited\nmolecules (Na$_2^*$) from ultra-cold (50-300 $\\mu$K) Na atoms. Using a second\nlaser to drive transitions from the excited state to a level in the molecular\nground state, we are able to split the photoassociation line and observe\nfeatures with a width smaller than the natural linewidth of the excited\nmolecular state. The quantum interference which gives rise to this effect is\nanalogous to that which leads to electromagnetically induced transparency in\nthree level atomic $\\Lambda$ systems, but here one of the ground states is a\npair of free atoms while the other is a bound molecule. The linewidth is\nlimited primarily by the finite temperature of the atoms.",
        "positive": "Mechanical and superfluid properties of dislocations in solid He4: Dislocations are shown to be smooth at zero temperature because of the\neffective Coulomb-type interaction between kinks. Crossover to finite\ntemperature rougnehing is suggested to be a mechanism responsible for the\nsoftening of \\he4 shear modulus recently observed by Day and Beamish (Nature,\n{\\bf 450}, 853 (2007)). We discuss also that strong suppresion of superfuidity\nalong the dislocation core by thermal kinks can lead to locking in of the\nmechanical and superfluid responses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster renormalization in the Becker-Doring equations: We apply ideas from renormalization theory to models of cluster formation in\nnucleation and growth processes. We study a simple case of the Becker-Doring\nsystem of equations and show how a novel coarse-graining procedure applied to\nthe cluster aggregation space affects the coagulation and fragmentation rate\ncoefficients. A dynamical renormalization structure is found to underlie the\nBecker-Doring equations, nine archetypal systems are identified, and their\nbehaviour is analysed in detail. These architypal systems divide into three\ndistinct groups: coagulation-dominated systems, fragmentation-dominated systems\nand those systems where the two processes are balanced. The dynamical behaviour\nobtained for these is found to be in agreement with certain fine-grained\nsolutions previously obtained by asymptotic methods. This work opens the way\nfor the application of renormalization ideas to a wide range of non-equilibrium\nphysicochemical processes, some of which we have previously modelled on the\nbasis of the Becker-Doring equations.",
        "positive": "Magnetization dynamics: path-integral formalism for the stochastic\n  Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation: We construct a path-integral representation of the generating functional for\nthe dissipative dynamics of a classical magnetic moment as described by the\nstochastic generalization of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation proposed by\nBrown, with the possible addition of spin-torque terms. In the process of\nconstructing this functional in the Cartesian coordinate system, we critically\nrevisit this stochastic equation. We present it in a form that accommodates for\nany discretization scheme thanks to the inclusion of a drift term. The\ngeneralized equation ensures the conservation of the magnetization modulus and\nthe approach to the Gibbs-Boltzmann equilibrium in the absence of non-potential\nand time-dependent forces. The drift term vanishes only if the mid-point\nStratonovich prescription is used. We next reset the problem in the more\nnatural spherical coordinate system. We show that the noise transforms\nnon-trivially to spherical coordinates acquiring a non-vanishing mean value in\nthis coordinate system, a fact that has been often overlooked in the\nliterature. We next construct the generating functional formalism in this\nsystem of coordinates for any discretization prescription. The functional\nformalism in Cartesian or spherical coordinates should serve as a starting\npoint to study different aspects of the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of magnets.\nExtensions to colored noise, micro-magnetism and disordered problems are\nstraightforward."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Predicting Imperfect Echo Dynamics in Many-Body Quantum Systems: Echo protocols provide a means to investigate the arrow of time in\nmacroscopic processes. Starting from a nonequilibrium state, the many-body\nquantum system under study is evolved for a certain period of time $\\tau$.\nThereafter, an (effective) time reversal is performed that would -- if\nimplemented perfectly -- take the system back to the initial state after\nanother time period $\\tau$. Typical examples are nuclear magnetic resonance\nimaging and polarization echo experiments. The presence of small, uncontrolled\ninaccuracies during the backward propagation results in deviations of the \"echo\nsignal\" from the original evolution, and can be exploited to quantify the\ninstability of nonequilibrium states and the irreversibility of the dynamics.\nWe derive an analytic prediction for the typical dependence of this echo signal\nfor macroscopic observables on the magnitude of the inaccuracies and on the\nduration $\\tau$ of the process, and verify it in numerical examples.",
        "positive": "Gapped momentum states: Important properties of a particle, wave or a statistical system depend on\nthe form of a dispersion relation (DR). Two commonly-discussed dispersion\nrelations are the gapless phonon-like DR and the DR with the energy or\nfrequency gap. More recently, the third and intriguing type of DR has been\nemerging in different areas of physics: the DR with the gap in momentum, or\n$k$-space. It has been increasingly appreciated that gapped momentum states\n(GMS) have important implications for dynamical and thermodynamic properties of\nthe system. Here, we review the origin of this phenomenon in a range of\nphysical systems, starting from ordinary liquids to holographic models. We\nobserve how GMS emerge in the Maxwell-Frenkel approach to liquid\nviscoelasticity, relate the $k$-gap to dissipation and observe how the gaps in\nDR can continuously change from the energy to momentum space and vice versa. We\nsubsequently discuss how GMS emerge in the two-field description which is\nanalogous to the quantum formulation of dissipation in the Keldysh-Schwinger\napproach. We discuss experimental evidence for GMS, including the direct\nevidence of gapped DR coming from strongly-coupled plasma. We also discuss GMS\nin electromagnetic waves and non-linear Sine-Gordon model. We then move on to\ndiscuss the recently developed quasihydrodynamic framework which relates the\n$k$-gap with the presence of a softly broken global symmetry and its\napplications. Finally, we review recent discussions of GMS in relativistic\nhydrodynamics and holographic models. Throughout the review, we point out\nessential physical ingredients required by GMS to emerge and make links between\ndifferent areas of physics, with the view that new and deeper understanding\nwill benefit from studying the GMS in seemingly disparate fields and from\nclarifying the origin of potentially similar underlying physical ideas and\nequations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time Crystal Embodies Chimera in Periodically Driven Quantum Spin System: Chimera states are a captivating occurrence in which a system composed of\nmultiple interconnected elements exhibits a distinctive combination of\nsynchronized and desynchronized behavior. The emergence of these states can be\nattributed to the complex interdependence between quantum entanglement and the\ndelicate balance of interactions among system constituents. The emergence of\ndiscrete-time crystal (DTC) in typical many-body periodically driven systems\noccurs when there is a breaking of time translation symmetry. Coexisting\ncoupled DTC and a ferromagnetic dynamically many-body localized (DMBL) phase at\ndistinct regions have been investigated under the controlled spin rotational\nerror of a disorder-free spin-1/2 chain for different types of spin-spin\ninteractions. We contribute a novel approach for the emergence of the\nDTC-DMBL-chimera phase, which is robust against external static fields in a\nperiodically driven quantum many-body system.",
        "positive": "Neural Network Approach to Scaling Analysis of Critical Phenomena: Determining the universality class of a system exhibiting critical phenomena\nis one of the central problems in physics. There are several methods to\ndetermine this universality class from data. As methods performing collapse\nplots onto scaling functions, polynomial regression, which is less accurate,\nand Gaussian process regression, which provides high accuracy and flexibility\nbut is computationally heavy, have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a\nregression method using a neural network. The computational complexity is only\nlinear in the number of data points. We demonstrate the proposed method for the\nfinite-size scaling analysis of critical phenomena on the two-dimensional Ising\nmodel and bond percolation problem to confirm the performance. This method\nefficiently obtains the critical values with accuracy in both cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interfacial Tensions near Critical Endpoints: Experimental Checks of\n  EdGF Theory: Predictions of the extended de Gennes-Fisher local-functional theory for the\nuniversal scaling functions of interfacial tensions near critical endpoints are\ncompared with experimental data. Various observations of the binary mixture\nisobutyric acid $+$ water are correlated to facilitate an analysis of the\nexperiments of Nagarajan, Webb and Widom who observed the vapor-liquid\ninterfacial tension as a function of {\\it both} temperature and density.\nAntonow's rule is confirmed and, with the aid of previously studied {\\it\nuniversal amplitude ratios}, the crucial analytic ``background'' contribution\nto the surface tension near the endpoint is estimated. The residual singular\nbehavior thus uncovered is consistent with the theoretical scaling predictions\nand confirms the expected lack of symmetry in $(T-T_c)$. A searching test of\ntheory, however, demands more precise and extensive experiments; furthermore,\nthe analysis highlights, a previously noted but surprising, three-fold\ndiscrepancy in the magnitude of the surface tension of isobutyric acid $+$\nwater relative to other systems.",
        "positive": "Critical interfaces and duality in the Ashkin Teller model: We report on the numerical measures on different spin interfaces and FK\ncluster boundaries in the Askhin-Teller (AT) model. For a general point on the\nAT critical line, we find that the fractal dimension of a generic spin cluster\ninterface can take one of four different possible values. In particular we\nfound spin interfaces whose fractal dimension is d_f=3/2 all along the critical\nline. Further, the fractal dimension of the boundaries of FK clusters were\nfound to satisfy all along the AT critical line a duality relation with the\nfractal dimension of their outer boundaries. This result provides a clear\nnumerical evidence that such duality, which is well known in the case of the\nO(n) model, exists in a extended CFT."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spinons in Magnetic Chains of Arbitrary Spins at Finite Temperatures: The thermodynamics of solvable isotropic chains with arbitrary spins is\naddressed by the recently developed quantum transfer matrix (QTM) approach. The\nset of nonlinear equations which exactly characterize the free energy is\nderived by respecting the physical excitations at T=0, spinons and RSOS kinks.\nWe argue the implication of the present formulation to spinon character formula\nof level k=2S SU(2) WZWN model .",
        "positive": "Scaling transformation and probability distributions for financial time\n  series: The price of financial assets are, since Bachelier, considered to be\ndescribed by a (discrete or continuous) time sequence of random variables, i.e\na stochastic process. Sharp scaling exponents or unifractal behavior of such\nprocesses has been reported in several works. In this letter we investigate the\nquestion of scaling transformation of price processes by establishing a new\nconnexion between non-linear group theoretical methods and multifractal methods\ndeveloped in mathematical physics. Using two sets of financial chronological\ntime series, we show that the scaling transformation is a non-linear group\naction on the moments of the price increments. Its linear part has a spectral\ndecomposition that puts in evidence a multifractal behavior of the price\nincrements."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probability distributions for polymer translocation: We study the passage (translocation) of a self-avoiding polymer through a\nmembrane pore in two dimensions. In particular, we numerically measure the\nprobability distribution Q(T) of the translocation time T, and the distribution\nP(s,t) of the translocation coordinate s at various times t. When scaled with\nthe mean translocation time <T>, Q(T) becomes independent of polymer length,\nand decays exponentially for large T. The probability P(s,t) is well described\nby a Gaussian at short times, with a variance that grows sub-diffusively as\nt^{\\alpha} with \\alpha~0.8. For times exceeding <T>, P(s,t) of the polymers\nthat have not yet finished their translocation has a non-trivial stable shape.",
        "positive": "Consistent description of kinetics and hydrodynamics of dusty plasma: A consistent statistical description of kinetics and hydrodynamics of dusty\nplasma is proposed based on the Zubarev nonequilibrium statistical operator\nmethod. For the case of partial dynamics the nonequilibrium statistical\noperator and the generalized transport equations for a consistent description\nof kinetics of dust particles and hydrodynamics of electrons, ions and neutral\natoms are obtained. In the approximation of weakly nonequilibrium process a\nspectrum of collective excitations of dusty plasma is investigated in the\nhydrodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Growth and Collapse of a Bose Condensate with Attractive Interactions: We consider the dynamics of a quantum degenerate trapped gas of Li-7 atoms.\nBecause the atoms have a negative s-wave scattering length, a Bose condensate\nof Li-7 becomes mechanically unstable when the number of condensate atoms\napproaches a maximum value. We calculate the dynamics of the collapse that\noccurs when the unstable point is reached. In addition, we use the quantum\nBoltzmann equation to investigate the nonequilibrium kinetics of the atomic\ndistribution during and after evaporative cooling. The condensate is found to\nundergo many cycles of growth and collapse before a stationary state is\nreached.",
        "positive": "Noise-enhanced stability of periodically driven metastable states: We study the effect of noise-enhanced stability of periodically driven\nmetastable states in a system described by piecewise linear potential. We find\nthat the growing of the average escape time with the intensity of the noise is\ndepending on the initial condition of the system. We analytically obtain the\ncondition for the noise enhanced stability effect and verify it by numerical\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Perturbative Expansion for the Maximum of Fractional Brownian Motion: Brownian motion is the only random process which is Gaussian, stationary and\nMarkovian. Dropping the Markovian property, i.e. allowing for memory, one\nobtains a class of processes called fractional Brownian motion, indexed by the\nHurst exponent $H$. For $H=1/2$, Brownian motion is recovered. We develop a\nperturbative approach to treat the non-locality in time in an expansion in\n$\\varepsilon = H-1/2$. This allows us to derive analytic results beyond scaling\nexponents for various observables related to extreme value statistics: The\nmaximum $m$ of the process and the time $t_{\\text{max}}$ at which this maximum\nis reached, as well as their joint distribution. We test our analytical\npredictions with extensive numerical simulations for different values of $H$.\nThey show excellent agreement, even for $H$ far from $1/2$.",
        "positive": "Cooper problem in a lattice: Cooper problem for interacting fermions is solved in a lattice. It is found\nthat the binding energy of the Cooper problem can behave qualitatively\ndifferently from the gap parameter of the BCS theory and that pairs of non-zero\ncenter of mass momentum are favored in systems with unequal Fermi energies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Molecular dynamics of cleavage and flake formation during the\n  interaction of a graphite surface with a rigid nanoasperity: Computer experiments concerning interactions between a graphite surface and\nthe rigid pyramidal nanoasperity of a friction force microscope tip when it is\nbrought close to and retracted from the graphitic sample are presented.\nCovalent atomic bonds in graphene layers are described using a Brenner\npotential and tip-carbon forces are derived from the Lennard-Jones potential.\nFor interlayer interactions a registry-dependent potential with local normals\nis used. The behavior of the system is investigated under conditions of\ndifferent magnitudes of tip-sample interaction and indentation rates. Strong\nforces between the nanoasperity and carbon atoms facilitate the cleavage of the\ngraphite surface. Exfoliation, i. e. total removal of the upper graphitic\nlayer, is observed when a highly adhesive tip is moved relative to the surface\nat low rates, while high rates cause the formation of a small flake attached to\nthe tip. The results obtained may be valuable for enhancing our understanding\nof the superlubricity of graphite.",
        "positive": "Shear modulus in viscoelastic solid $^4$He: The complex shear modulus of solid $^4$He exhibits an anomaly in the same\ntemperature region where torsion oscillators show a change in period. We\npropose that the observed stiffening of the shear modulus with decreasing\ntemperature can be well described by a viscoelastic component that possesses an\nincreasing relaxation time as temperature decreases. Since a glass is a\nviscoelastic material, the response functions derived for a viscoelastic\nmaterial are identical to those obtained for a glassy component due to a time\ndelayed restoring back-action. By generalizing the viscoelastic equations for\nstress and strain to a multiphase system of constituents, composed of patches\nwith different damping and relaxation properties, we predict that the maximum\nchange of the magnitude of the shear modulus and the maximum height of the\ndissipation peak are independent of an applied external frequency. The same\nresponse expressions allow us to calculate the temperature dependence of the\nshear modulus' amplitude and dissipation. Finally, we demonstrate that a\nVogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) relaxation time is in agreement with available\nexperimental data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of classical metastability in open quantum systems: We present a general theory of classical metastability in open quantum\nsystems. Metastability is a consequence of a large separation in timescales in\nthe dynamics, leading to the existence of a regime when states of the system\nappear stationary, before eventual relaxation toward a true stationary state at\nmuch larger times. In this work, we focus on the emergence of classical\nmetastability, i.e., when metastable states of an open quantum system with\nseparation of timescales can be approximated as probabilistic mixtures of a\nfinite number of states. We find that a number of classical features follow\nfrom this approximation, for the manifold of metastable states, long-time\ndynamics between them, and symmetries of the dynamics. Namely, those states are\napproximately disjoint and thus play the role of metastable phases, the\nrelaxation toward the stationary state is approximated by a classical\nstochastic dynamics between them, and weak symmetries correspond to their\npermutations. Importantly, the classical dynamics is observed not only on\naverage, but also at the level of individual quantum trajectories: We show that\ntime coarse-grained continuous measurement records can be viewed as noisy\nclassical trajectories, while their statistics can be approximated by that of\nthe classical dynamics. Among others, this explains how first-order dynamical\nphase transitions arise from metastability. Finally, to verify the presence of\nclassical metastability in a given open quantum system, we develop an efficient\nnumerical approach that delivers the set of metastable phases together with the\neffective classical dynamics. Since the proximity to a first-order dissipative\nphase transition manifests as metastability, the theory and tools introduced in\nthis work can be used to investigate such transitions through the metastable\nbehavior of many-body systems of moderate sizes accessible to numerics.",
        "positive": "Solutions of the boundary Yang-Baxter equation for ADE models: We present the general diagonal and, in some cases, non-diagonal solutions of\nthe boundary Yang-Baxter equation for a number of related\ninteraction-round-a-face models, including the standard and dilute A_L, D_L and\nE_{6,7,8} models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interval estimation of the mass fractal dimension for isotropic sampling\n  percolation clusters: This report focuses on the dependencies for the center and radius of the\nconfidence interval that arise when estimating the mass fractal dimensions of\nisotropic sampling clusters in the site percolation model.",
        "positive": "Non-Markovian feature of the classical Hall effect: The classical Hall effect resulting from the impact of external magnetic and\nelectric fields on the non-Markovian dynamics of charge carriers is studied.\nThe dependence of the tangent of the Hall angle on the magnetic field is\nderived and compared with the experimental data for Zn. The method is proposed\nto determine experimentally the memory time in a system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A self-consistent field theory of density correlations in classical\n  fluids: More than half of a century has passed since the free energy of classical\nfluids defined by second Legendre transform was derived as a functional of\ndensity-density correlation function. It is now becoming an increasingly\nsignificant issue to develop the correlation functional theory that encompasses\nthe liquid state theory, especially for glassy systems where out of equilibrium\ncorrelation fields are to be investigated. Here we have formulated a field\ntheoretic perturbation theory that incorporates two-body fields (both of\ndensity-density correlation field and its dual field playing the role of\ntwo-body interaction potential) into a density functional integral\nrepresentation of the Helmholtz free energy. Quadratic density fluctuations are\nonly considered in the saddle-point approximation of two-body fields as well as\ndensity field. We have obtained a set of self-consistent field equations with\nrespect to these fields, which simply reads a modified mean-field equation of\ndensity field where the bare interaction potential in the thermal energy unit\nis replaced by minus the direct correlation function given in the mean\nspherical approximation. Such replacement of the interaction potential in the\nmean-field equation belongs to the same category as the local molecular field\ntheory proposed by Weeks and co-workers. Notably, it has been shown that even\nthe mean-field part of the free energy functional given by the self-consistent\nfield theory includes information on short-range correlations between fluid\nparticles, similarly to the formulation of the local molecular field theory.\nThe advantage of our field theoretic approach is not only that the modified\nmean-field equation can be improved systematically, but also that fluctuations\nof two-body fields in nonuniform fluids may be considered, which would be\nrelevant especially for glass-forming liquids.",
        "positive": "Stochastic thermodynamics of inertial-like Stuart-Landau dimer: Stuart-Landau limit-cycle oscillators are a paradigm in the study of coherent\nand incoherent limit cycles. In this work, we generalize the standard\nStuart-Landau dimer model to include effects due to an inertia-like term and\nnoise and study its dynamics and stochastic thermodynamics. In the absence of\nnoise (zero-temperature limit), the dynamics show the emergence of a new\nbistable phase where coherent and incoherent limit cycles coexist. At finite\ntemperatures, we develop a stochastic thermodynamic framework based on the\ndynamics of a charged particle in a magnetic field to identify physically\nmeaningful heat and work. The stochastic system no longer exhibits the bistable\nphase but the thermodynamic observables, such as work, exhibit bistability in\nthe temporally metastable regime. We demonstrate that the inertial-like\nStuart-Landau dimer operates like a machine, reliably outputting the most work\nwhen the oscillators coherently synchronize and unreliable with minimum work\noutput when the oscillators are incoherent. Overall, our results show the\nimportance of coherent synchronization within the working substance in the\noperation of a thermal machine."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reentrance of Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless-like transitions in\n  three-state Potts antiferromagnetic thin film: Using Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling, we study three-state\nPotts antiferromagnet on layered square lattice with two and four layers\n$L_z=2$ and $4$. As temperature decreases, the system develops quasi-long-range\norder via a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition at finite temperature\n$T_{c1}$. For $L_z=4$, as temperature is further lowered, a long-range order\nbreaking the $Z_6$ symmetry develops at a second transition at $T_{c2} <\nT_{c1}$. The transition at $T_{c2}$ is also\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless-like, but has magnetic critical exponent\n$\\eta=1/9$ instead of the conventional value $\\eta = 1/4$. The emergent $U(1)$\nsymmetry is clearly demonstrated in the quasi-long-range ordered region $T_{c2}\n\\leq T \\leq T_{c1}$.",
        "positive": "Comment on ``Duality relations for Potts correlation functions'': In a recent paper by Wu (Phys. Lett. A 228, 43-47 (1997)) the three-point\ncorrelation of the q-state Potts model on a planar graph was related to ratios\nof dual partition functions under fixed boundary conditions. It was claimed\nthat the method employed could straightforwardly be applied to higher\ncorrelations as well; this is however not true. By explicitly considering the\nfour-point correlation we demonstrate how the appearence of non-well-nested\nconnectivities invalidates the method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field theoretical representation of classical statistical mechanics. I.\n  Wave-vector space: Thermodynamic equivalence between classical many-body system and some\nauxiliary nonlinear auxiliary field is proved. Connection between Hamiltonians\nof the many-body system and the auxiliary field is derived.",
        "positive": "Link-disorder fluctuation effects on synchronization in random networks: We consider one typical system of oscillators coupled through disordered link\nconfigurations in networks, i.e., a finite population of coupled phase\noscillators with distributed intrinsic frequencies on a random network. We\ninvestigate collective synchronization behavior, paying particular attention to\nlink-disorder fluctuation effects on the synchronization transition and its\nfinite-size scaling (FSS). Extensive numerical simulations as well as the\nmean-field analysis have been performed. We find that link-disorder\nfluctuations effectively induce {\\em uncorrelated random} fluctuations in\nfrequency, resulting in the FSS exponent $\\bar\\nu=5/2$, which is identical to\nthat in the globally coupled case (no link disorder) with frequency-disorder\nfluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From conformal invariance to quasistationary states: In a conformal invariant one-dimensional stochastic model, a certain\nnon-local perturbation takes the system to a new massless phase of a special\nkind. The ground-state of the system is an adsorptive state. Part of the\nfinite-size scaling spectrum of the evolution Hamiltonian stays unchanged but\nsome levels go exponentially to zero for large lattice sizes becoming\ndegenerate with the ground-state. As a consequence one observes the appearance\nof quasistationary states which have a relaxation time which grows\nexponentially with the size of the system. Several initial conditions have\nsingled out a quasistationary state which has in the finite-size scaling limit\nthe same properties as the stationary state of the conformal invariant model.",
        "positive": "Symmetric-Asymmetric transition in mixtures of Bose-Einstein condensates: We propose a new kind of quantum phase transition in phase separated mixtures\nof Bose-Einstein condensates. In this transition, the distribution of the two\ncomponents changes from a symmetric to an asymmetric shape. We discuss the\nnature of the phase transition, the role of interface tension and the phase\ndiagram. The symmetric to asymmetric transition is the simplest quantum phase\ntransition that one can imagine. Careful study of this problem should provide\nus new insight into this burgeoning field of discovery."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A coalescence model for freely decaying two-dimensional turbulence: We propose a ballistic coalescence model (punctuated-Hamiltonian approach)\nmimicking the fusion of vortices in freely decaying two-dimensional turbulence.\nA temporal scaling behaviour is reached where the vortex density evolves like\n$t^{-\\xi}$. A mean-field analytical argument yielding the approximation\n$\\xi=4/5$ is shown to slightly overestimate the decay exponent $\\xi$ whereas\nMolecular Dynamics simulations give $\\xi =0.71\\pm 0.01$, in agreement with\nrecent laboratory experiments and simulations of Navier-Stokes equation.",
        "positive": "Self-averaging of random and thermally disordered diluted Ising systems: Self-averaging of singular thermodynamic quantities at criticality for\nrandomly and thermally diluted three dimensional Ising systems has been studied\nby the Monte Carlo approach. Substantially improved self-averaging is obtained\nfor critically clustered (critically thermally diluted) vacancy distributions\nin comparison with the observed self-averaging for purely random diluted\ndistributions. Critically thermal dilution, leading to maximum relative\nself-averaging, corresponds to the case when the characteristic vacancy\nordering temperature is made equal to the magnetic critical temperature for the\npure 3D Ising systems. For the case of a high ordering temperature, the\nself-averaging obtained is comparable to that in a randomly diluted system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Observing the Formation of Long-range Order during Bose-Einstein\n  Condensation: We have experimentally investigated the formation of off-diagonal long-range\norder in a gas of ultracold atoms. A magnetically trapped atomic cloud prepared\nin a highly nonequilibrium state thermalizes and thereby crosses the\nBose-Einstein condensation phase transition. The evolution of phase coherence\nbetween different regions of the sample is constantly monitored and information\non the spatial first-order correlation function is obtained. We observe the\ngrowth of the spatial coherence and the formation of long-range order in real\ntime and compare it to the growth of the atomic density. Moreover, we study the\nevolution of the momentum distribution during the nonequilibrium formation of\nthe condensate.",
        "positive": "Calculation of semiclassical free energy differences along\n  non-equilibrium classical trajectories: We have derived several relations, which allow the evaluation of the system\nfree energy changes in the leading order in $\\hbar^{2}$ along classically\ngenerated trajectories. The results are formulated in terms of purely classical\nHamiltonians and trajectories, so that semiclassical partition functions can be\ncomputed, e.g., via classical molecular dynamics simulations. The Hamiltonians,\nhowever, contain additional potential-energy terms, which are proportional to\n$\\hbar^{2}$ and are temperature-dependent. We discussed the influence of\nquantum interference on the nonequilibrium work and problems with unambiguous\ndefinition of the semiclassical work operator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inherent Structures in models for fragile and strong glass: An analysis of the dynamics is performed, of exactly solvable models for\nfragile and strong glasses, exploiting the partitioning of the free energy\nlandscape in inherent structures. The results are compared with the exact\nsolution of the dynamics, by employing the formulation of an effective\ntemperature used in literature. Also a new formulation is introduced, based\nupon general statistical considerations, that performs better. Though the\nconsidered models are conceptually simple there is no limit in which the\ninherent structure approach is exact.",
        "positive": "Stability and stabilisation of the lattice Boltzmann method: Magic steps\n  and salvation operations: We revisit the classical stability versus accuracy dilemma for the lattice\nBoltzmann methods (LBM). Our goal is a stable method of second-order accuracy\nfor fluid dynamics based on the lattice Bhatnager--Gross--Krook method (LBGK).\n  The LBGK scheme can be recognised as a discrete dynamical system generated by\nfree-flight and entropic involution. In this framework the stability and\naccuracy analysis are more natural. We find the necessary and sufficient\nconditions for second-order accurate fluid dynamics modelling. In particular,\nit is proven that in order to guarantee second-order accuracy the distribution\nshould belong to a distinguished surface -- the invariant film (up to\nsecond-order in the time step). This surface is the trajectory of the\n(quasi)equilibrium distribution surface under free-flight.\n  The main instability mechanisms are identified. The simplest recipes for\nstabilisation add no artificial dissipation (up to second-order) and provide\nsecond-order accuracy of the method. Two other prescriptions add some\nartificial dissipation locally and prevent the system from loss of positivity\nand local blow-up. Demonstration of the proposed stable LBGK schemes are\nprovided by the numerical simulation of a 1D shock tube and the unsteady\n2D-flow around a square-cylinder up to Reynolds number $\\mathcal{O}(10000)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From continuous-time random walks to controlled-diffusion reaction: Daily, are reported systems in nature that present anomalous diffusion\nphenomena due to irregularities of medium, traps or reactions process. In this\nscenario, the diffusion with traps or localised--reactions emerge through\nvarious investigations that include numerical, analytical and experimental\ntechniques. In this work, we construct a model which involves a coupling of two\ndiffusion equations to approach the random walkers in a medium with localised\nreaction point (or controlled diffusion). We present the exact analytical\nsolutions to the model. In the following, we obtain the survival probability\nand mean square displacement. Moreover, we extend the model to include memory\neffects in reaction points. Thereby, we found a simple relation that connects\nthe power-law memory kernels with anomalous diffusion phenomena, i.e. $\\langle\n(x-\\langle x \\rangle )^2 \\rangle \\propto t^{\\mu}$. The investigations presented\nin this work uses recent mathematical techniques to introduces a form to\nrepresent the coupled random walks in context of reaction-diffusion problem to\nlocalised reaction.",
        "positive": "Trap-size scaling in confined particle systems at quantum transitions: We develop a trap-size scaling theory for trapped particle systems at quantum\ntransitions. As a theoretical laboratory, we consider a quantum XY chain in an\nexternal transverse field acting as a trap for the spinless fermions of its\nquadratic Hamiltonian representation. We discuss trap-size scaling at the Mott\ninsulator to superfluid transition in the Bose-Hubbard model. We present exact\nand accurate numerical results for the XY chain and for the low-density Mott\ntransition in the hard-core limit of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model.\nOur results are relevant for systems of cold atomic gases in optical lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Expected Shortfall: a natural coherent alternative to Value at Risk: We discuss the coherence properties of Expected Shortfall (ES) as a financial\nrisk measure. This statistic arises in a natural way from the estimation of the\n\"average of the 100p % worst losses\" in a sample of returns to a portfolio.\nHere p is some fixed confidence level. We also compare several alternative\nrepresentations of ES which turn out to be more appropriate for certain\npurposes.",
        "positive": "Fourier's Law in a Generalized Piston Model: A simplified, but non trivial, mechanical model -- gas of $N$ particles of\nmass $m$ in a box partitioned by $n$ mobile adiabatic walls of mass $M$ --\ninteracting with two thermal baths at different temperatures, is discussed in\nthe framework of kinetic theory. Following an approach due to Smoluchowski,\nfrom an analysis of the collisions particles/walls, we derive the values of the\nmain thermodynamic quantities for the stationary non-equilibrium states. The\nresults are compared with extensive numerical simulations; in the limit of\nlarge $n$, $mN/M\\gg 1$ and $m/M \\ll 1$, we find a good approximation of\nFourier's law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transient rectification of Brownian diffusion with asymmetric initial\n  distribution: In an ensemble of non-interacting Brownian particles, a finite systematic\naverage velocity may temporarily develop, even if it is zero initially. The\neffect originates from a small nonlinear correction to the dissipative force,\ncausing the equation for the first moment of velocity to couple to moments of\nhigher order. The effect may be relevant when a complex system dissociates in a\nviscous medium with conservation of momentum.",
        "positive": "Random paths and current fluctuations in nonequilibrium statistical\n  mechanics: An overview is given of recent advances in nonequilibrium statistical\nmechanics about the statistics of random paths and current fluctuations.\nAlthough statistics is carried out in space for equilibrium statistical\nmechanics, statistics is considered in time or spacetime for nonequilibrium\nsystems. In this approach, relationships have been established between\nnonequilibrium properties such as the transport coefficients, the thermodynamic\nentropy production, or the affinities, and quantities characterizing the\nmicroscopic Hamiltonian dynamics and the chaos or fluctuations it may generate.\nThis overview presents results for classical systems in the escape-rate\nformalism, stochastic processes, and open quantum systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized kinetic equations and effective thermodynamics: We introduce a new class of nonlocal kinetic equations and nonlocal\nFokker-Planck equations associated with an effective generalized\nthermodynamical formalism. These equations have a rich physical and\nmathematical structure that can describe phase transitions and blow-up\nphenomena. On general grounds, our formalism can have applications in different\ndomains of physics, astrophysics, hydrodynamics and biology. We find an\naesthetic connexion between topics (stars, vortices, bacteries,...) which were\npreviously disconnected. The common point between these systems is the\n(attractive) long-range nature of the interactions.",
        "positive": "Log-periodic oscillations for diffusion on self-similar finitely\n  ramified structures: Under certain circumstances, the time behavior of a random walk is modulated\nby logarithmic periodic oscillations. The goal of this paper is to present a\nsimple and pedagogical explanation of the origin of this modulation for\ndiffusion on a substrate with two properties: self-similarity and finite\nramification order. On these media, the time dependence of the mean-square\ndisplacement shows log-periodic modulations around a leading power law, which\ncan be understood on the base of a hierarchical set of diffusion constants.\nBoth the random walk exponent and the period of oscillations are analytically\nobtained for a pair of examples, one fractal, the other non-fractal, and\nconfirmed by Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Choosing Hydrodynamic fields: Continuum mechanics (e.g., hydrodynamics, elasticity theory) is based on the\nassumption that a small set of fields provides a closed description on large\nspace and time scales. Conditions governing the choice for these fields are\ndiscussed in the context of granular fluids and multi-component fluids. In the\nfirst case, the relevance of temperature or energy as a hydrodynamic field is\njustified. For mixtures, the use of a total temperature and single flow\nvelocity is compared with the use of multiple species temperatures and\nvelocities.",
        "positive": "Phase Transitions in liquid Helium 3: The phase transitions of liquid Helium 3 are described by truncations of an\nexact nonperturbative renormalization group equation. The location of the first\norder transition lines and the jump in the order parameter are computed\nquantitatively. At the triple point we find indications for partially universal\nbehaviour. We suggest experiments that could help to determine the effective\ninteractions between fermion pairs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Percolation Probability on the Square Lattice: We present an algorithm to compute the exact probability $R_{n}(p)$ for a\nsite percolation cluster to span an $n\\times n$ square lattice at occupancy\n$p$. The algorithm has time and space complexity $O(\\lambda^n)$ with $\\lambda\n\\approx 2.6$. It allows us to compute $R_{n}(p)$ up to $n=24$. We use the data\nto compute estimates for the percolation threshold $p_c$ that are several\norders of magnitude more precise than estimates based on Monte-Carlo\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Asymmetric Exclusion Processes with Disorder: Effect of Correlations: Multi-particle dynamics in one-dimensional asymmetric exclusion processes\nwith disorder is investigated theoretically by computational and analytical\nmethods. It is argued that the general phase diagram consists of three\nnon-equilibrium phases that are determined by the dynamic behavior at the\nentrance, at the exit and at the slowest defect bond in the bulk of the system.\nSpecifically, we consider dynamics of asymmetric exclusion process with two\nidentical defect bonds as a function of distance between them. Two approximate\ntheoretical methods, that treat the system as a sequence of segments with exact\ndescription of dynamics inside the segments and neglect correlations between\nthem, are presented. In addition, a numerical iterative procedure for\ncalculating dynamic properties of asymmetric exclusion systems is developed.\nOur theoretical predictions are compared with extensive Monte Carlo computer\nsimulations. It is shown that correlations play an important role in the\nparticle dynamics. When two defect bonds are far away from each other the\nstrongest correlations are found at these bonds. However, bringing defect bonds\ncloser leads to the shift of correlations to the region between them."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of a one-dimensional fixed-energy stochastic sandpile: We study a one-dimensional fixed-energy version (that is, with no input or\nloss of particles), of Manna's stochastic sandpile model. The system has a\ncontinuous transition to an absorbing state at a critical value $\\zeta_c$ of\nthe particle density. Critical exponents are obtained from extensive\nsimulations, which treat both stationary and transient properties. In contrast\nwith other one-dimensional sandpiles, the model appears to exhibit finite-size\nscaling, though anomalies exist in the scaling of relaxation times and in the\napproach to the stationary state. The latter appear to depend strongly on the\nnature of the initial configuration. The critical exponents differ from those\nexpected at a linear interface depinning transition in a medium with point\ndisorder, and from those of directed percolation.",
        "positive": "Percolation through Voids around Randomly Oriented Platonic Solids: Porous materials made up of impermeable polyhedral grains constrain fluid\nflow to voids around the impenetrable constituent barrier particles. A\npercolation transition marks the boundary between assemblies of grains which\ncontain system spanning void networks, admitting bulk transport, and\nconfigurations which may not be traversed on macroscopic scales. With dynamical\ninfiltration of void spaces using virtual tracer particles, we give an exact\ntreatment of grain geometries, and we calculate critical densities for\npolyhedral inclusions for the five platonic solids (i.e. tetrahedra, cubes,\noctahededra, dodecahedra, and icosahedra). In each case, we calculate\npercolation threshold concentrations $\\rho_{c}$ for aligned and randomly\noriented grains, finding distinct $\\rho_{c}$ values for the former versus the\nlatter only for cube-shaped grains. We calculate the dynamical scaling exponent\nat the percolation threshold, finding subdiffusive value $z = 0.19(1)$ common\nto all grain shapes considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase coexistence far from equilibrium: Investigation of simple far-from-equilibrium systems exhibiting phase\nseparation leads to the conclusion that phase coexistence is not well defined\nin this context. This is because the properties of the coexisting\nnonequilibrium systems depend on how they are placed in contact, as verified in\nthe driven lattice gas with attractive interactions, and in the two-temperature\nlattice gas, under (a) weak global exchange between uniform systems, and (b)\nphase-separated (nonuniform) systems. Thus, far from equilibrium, the notions\nof universality of phase coexistence (i.e., independence of how systems\nexchange particles and/or energy), and of phases with intrinsic properties\n(independent of their environment) are lost.",
        "positive": "Scaling regimes and critical dimensions in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n  problem: We study the scaling regimes for the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation with noise\ncorrelator R(q) ~ (1 + w q^{-2 \\rho}) in Fourier space, as a function of \\rho\nand the spatial dimension d. By means of a stochastic Cole-Hopf transformation,\nthe critical and correction-to-scaling exponents at the roughening transition\nare determined to all orders in a (d - d_c) expansion. We also argue that there\nis a intriguing possibility that the rough phases above and below the lower\ncritical dimension d_c = 2 (1 + \\rho) are genuinely different which could lead\nto a re-interpretation of results in the literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transition from 3D to 1D in Bose Gases at Zero Temperature: We investigate the effects of dimensional reduction in Bose gases induced by\na strong harmonic confinement in the transverse cylindric radial direction. By\nusing a generalized Lieb-Liniger theory, based on a variational treatment of\nthe transverse width of the Bose gas, we analyze the transition from a 3D\nBose-Einstein condensate to the 1D Tonks-Girardeau gas. The sound velocity and\nthe frequency of the lowest compressional mode give a clear signature of the\nregime involved. We study also the case of negative scattering length deriving\nthe phase diagram of the Bose gas (uniform, single soliton, multi soliton and\ncollapsed) in toroidal confinement.",
        "positive": "Hybrid method for simulating front propagation in reaction-diffusion\n  systems: We study the propagation of pulled fronts in the $A <-> \\leftrightarrow A+A$\nmicroscopic reaction-diffusion process using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. In\nthe mean field approximation the process is described by the deterministic\nFisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piscounov (FKPP) equation. In particular we\nconcentrate on the corrections to the deterministic behavior due to the number\nof particles per site $\\Omega$. By means of a new hybrid simulation scheme, we\nmanage to reach large macroscopic values of $\\Omega$ which allows us to show\nthe importance in the dynamics of microscopic pulled fronts of the interplay of\nmicroscopic fluctuations and their macroscopic relaxation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Irrelevance of memory in the minority game: By means of extensive numerical simulations we show that all the distinctive\nfeatures of the minority game introduced by Challet and Zhang (1997), are\ncompletely independent from the memory of the agents. The only crucial\nrequirement is that all the individuals must posses the same information,\nirrespective of the fact that this information is true or false.",
        "positive": "Casimir repulsion between Topological Insulators in the diluted regime: The Pairwise Summation Approximation (PSA) of Casimir energy is applied to a\nsystem of two dielectrics with magnetoelectric coupling. In particular, the\ncase of Topological Insulators (TI) is studied in detail. Depending on the the\noptical response of the TI, we obtain a stable equilibrium distance, atraction\nfor all distances, or repulsion for all distances at zero temperature. This\nequilibrium distance disappears in the high temperature limit. These results\nare independent on the geometry of the TI, but are only valid in the diluted\napproximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling of Temperature Dependence of Charge Mobility in Molecular\n  Holstein Chains: The temperature dependence of a charge mobility in a model DNA based on\nHolstein Hamiltonian is calculated for 4 types of homogeneous sequences It has\nturned out that upon rescaling all 4 types are quite similar. Two types of\nrescaling, i.e. those for low and intermediate temperatures, are found. The\ncurves obtained are approximated on a logarithmic scale by cubic polynomials.\nWe believe that for model homogeneous biopolymers with parameters close to the\ndesigned ones, one can assess the value of the charge mobility without carrying\nout resource-intensive direct simulation, just by using a suitable\napproximating function.",
        "positive": "Competitive nucleation in metastable systems: Metastability is observed when a physical system is close to a first order\nphase transition. In this paper the metastable behavior of a two state\nreversible probabilistic cellular automaton with self-interaction is discussed.\nDepending on the self-interaction, competing metastable states arise and a\nbehavior very similar to that of the three state Blume-Capel spin model is\nfound."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of the Casimir-Polder force on the collective oscillations of a\n  trapped Bose-Einstein condensate: We calculate the effect of the interaction between an optically active\nmaterial and a Bose-Einstein condensate on the collective oscillations of the\ncondensate. We provide explicit expressions for the frequency shift of the\ncenter of mass oscillation in terms of the potential generated by the substrate\nand of the density profile of the gas. The form of the potential is discussed\nin details and various regimes (van der Waals-London, Casimir-Polder and\nthermal regimes) are identified as a function of the distance of atoms from the\nsurface. Numerical results for the frequency shifts are given for the case of a\nsapphire dielectric substrate interacting with a harmonically trapped\ncondensate of $^{87}$Rb atoms. We find that at distances of $4-8 \\mu m$, where\nthermal effects become visible, the relative frequency shifts produced by the\nsubstrate are of the order $10^{-4}$ and hence accessible experimentally. The\neffects of non linearities due to the finite amplitude of the oscillation are\nexplicitly discussed. Predictions are also given for the radial breathing mode.",
        "positive": "Studying viral populations with tools from quantum spin chains: We study Eigen's model of quasi-species, characterized by sequences that\nreplicate with a specified fitness and mutate independently at single sites.\nThe evolution of the population vector in time is then closely related to that\nof quantum spins in imaginary time. We employ multiple perspectives and tools\nfrom interacting quantum systems to examine growth and collapse of realistic\nviral populations, specifically certain HIV proteins. All approaches used,\nincluding the simplest perturbation theory, give consistent results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation transition in the late-time position of a Run-and-Tumble\n  particle: We study the position distribution $P(\\vec{R},N)$ of a run-and-tumble\nparticle (RTP) in arbitrary dimension $d$, after $N$ runs. We assume that the\nconstant speed $v>0$ of the particle during each running phase is independently\ndrawn from a probability distribution $W(v)$ and that the direction of the\nparticle is chosen isotropically after each tumbling. The position distribution\nis clearly isotropic, $P(\\vec{R},N)\\to P(R,N)$ where $R=|\\vec{R}|$. We show\nthat, under certain conditions on $d$ and $W(v)$ and for large $N$, a\ncondensation transition occurs at some critical value of $R=R_c\\sim O(N)$\nlocated in the large deviation regime of $P(R,N)$. For $R<R_c$ (subcritical\nfluid phase), all runs are roughly of the same size in a typical trajectory. In\ncontrast, an RTP trajectory with $R>R_c$ is typically dominated by a\n`condensate', i.e., a large single run that subsumes a finite fraction of the\ntotal displacement (supercritical condensed phase). Focusing on the family of\nspeed distributions $W(v)=\\alpha(1-v/v_0)^{\\alpha-1}/v_0$, parametrized by\n$\\alpha>0$, we show that, for large $N$, $P(R,N)\\sim\n\\exp\\left[-N\\psi_{d,\\alpha}(R/N)\\right]$ and we compute exactly the rate\nfunction $\\psi_{d,\\alpha}(z)$ for any $d$ and $\\alpha$. We show that the\ntransition manifests itself as a singularity of this rate function at $R=R_c$\nand that its order depends continuously on $d$ and $\\alpha$. We also compute\nthe distribution of the condensate size for $R>R_c$. Finally, we study the\nmodel when the total duration $T$ of the RTP, instead of the total number of\nruns, is fixed. Our analytical predictions are confirmed by numerical\nsimulations, performed using a constrained Markov chain Monte Carlo technique,\nwith precision $\\sim 10^{-100}$.",
        "positive": "Pulling absorbing and collapsing polymers from a surface: A self-interacting polymer with one end attached to a sticky surface has been\nstudied by means of a flat-histogram stochastic growth algorithm known as\nFlatPERM. We examined the four-dimensional parameter space of the number of\nmonomers up to 91, self-attraction, surface attraction and force applied to an\nend of the polymer. Using this powerful algorithm the \\emph{complete} parameter\nspace of interactions and force has been considered. Recently it has been\nconjectured that a hierarchy of states appears at low temperature/poor solvent\nconditions where a polymer exists in a finite number of layers close to a\nsurface. We find re-entrant behaviour from a stretched phase into these\nlayering phases when an appropriate force is applied to the polymer. We also\nfind that, contrary to what may be expected, the polymer desorbs from the\nsurface when a sufficiently strong critical force is applied and does\n\\emph{not} transcend through either a series of de-layering transitions or\nmonomer-by-monomer transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Diffusion in the Strong Tunneling Regime: We study the spread of a quantum-mechanical wavepacket in a noisy\nenvironment, modeled using a tight-binding Hamiltonian. Despite the coherent\ndynamics, the fluctuating environment may give rise to diffusive behavior. When\ncorrelations between different level-crossing events can be neglected, we use\nthe solution of the Landau-Zener problem to find how the diffusion constant\ndepends on the noise. We also show that when an electric field or external\ndisordered potential is applied to the system, the diffusion constant is\nsuppressed with no drift term arising. The results are relevant to various\nquantum systems, including exciton diffusion in photosynthesis and electronic\ntransport in solid-state physics.",
        "positive": "Symmetry and its breaking in path integral approach to quantum Brownian\n  motion: We study the Caldeira-Leggett model where a quantum Brownian particle\ninteracts with an environment or a bath consisting of a collection of harmonic\noscillators in the path integral formalism. Compared to the contours that the\npaths take in the conventional Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, the paths in our\nstudy are deformed in the complex time plane as suggested by the recent study\n[C. Aron, G. Biroli and L. F. Cugliandolo, SciPost Phys.\\ {\\bf 4}, 008 (2018)].\nThis is done to investigate the connection between the symmetry properties in\nthe Schwinger-Keldysh action and the equilibrium or non-equilibrium nature of\nthe dynamics in an open quantum system. We derive the influence functional\nexplicitly in this setting, which captures the effect of the coupling to the\nbath. We show that in equilibrium the action and the influence functional are\ninvariant under a set of transformations of path integral variables. The\nfluctuation-dissipation relation is obtained as a consequence of this symmetry.\nWhen the system is driven by an external time-dependent protocol, the symmetry\nis broken. From the terms that break the symmetry, we derive a quantum\nJarzynski-like equality for quantum mechanical work given as a function of\nfluctuating quantum trajectory. In the classical limit, the transformations\nbecomes those used in the functional integral formalism of the classical\nstochastic thermodynamics to derive the classical fluctuation theorem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Improving free-energy estimates from unidirectional work measurements:\n  theory and experiment: We derive analytical expressions for the bias of the Jarzynski free-energy\nestimator from N nonequilibrium work measurements, for a generic work\ndistribution. To achieve this, we map the estimator onto the Random Energy\nModel in a suitable scaling limit parametrized by (log N)/m, where m measures\nthe width of the lower tail of the work distribution, and then compute the\nfinite-N corrections to this limit with different approaches for different\nregimes of (log N)/m. We show that these expressions describe accurately the\nbias for a wide class of work distributions, and exploit them to build an\nimproved free-energy estimator from unidirectional work measurements. We apply\nthe method to optical tweezers unfolding/refolding experiments on DNA hairpins\nof varying loop size and dissipation, displaying both near-Gaussian and\nnon-Gaussian work distributions.",
        "positive": "Zeros of partition function for Continuous Phase Transitions using\n  cumulants: This paper explores the use of a cumulant method to determine the zeros of\npartition functions for continuous phase transitions. Unlike a first-order\ntransition, with a uniform density of zeros near the transition point, a\ncontinuous transition is expected to show a power law dependence of the density\nwith a nontrivial slope for the line of zeros. Different types of models and\nmethods of generating cumulants are used as a testing ground for the method.\nThese include exactly solvable DNA melting problem on hierarchical lattices,\nheterogeneous DNA melting with randomness in sequence, Monte Carlo simulations\nfor the well-known square lattice Ising model. The method is applicable for\nclosest zeros near the imaginary axis, as these are needed for dynamical\nquantum phase transitions. In all cases, the method is found to provide the\nbasic information about the transition, and most importantly, avoids root\nfinding methods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information Content of Hierarchical n-Point Polytope Functions for\n  Quantifying and Reconstructing Disordered Systems: Disordered systems are ubiquitous in physical, biological and material\nsciences. Examples include liquid and glassy states of condensed matter,\ncolloids, granular materials, porous media, composites, alloys, packings of\ncells in avian retina and tumor spheroids, to name but a few. A comprehensive\nunderstanding of such disordered systems requires, as the first step,\nsystematic quantification, modeling and representation of the underlying\ncomplex configurations and microstructure, which is generally very challenging\nto achieve. Recently, we introduce a set of hierarchical statistical\nmicrostructural descriptors, i.e., the n-point polytope functions Pn, which are\nderived from the standard n-point correlation functions Sn, and successively\ninclude higher-order n-point statistics of the morphological features of\ninterest in a concise, explainable, and expressive manner. Here we investigate\nthe information content of the Pn functions via optimization-based realization\nrendering. This is achieved by successively incorporating higher order Pn\nfunctions up to n = 8 and quantitatively assessing the accuracy of the\nreconstructed systems via un-constrained statistical morphological descriptors\n(e.g., the lineal-path function). We examine a wide spectrum of representative\nrandom systems with distinct geometrical and topological features. We find that\ngenerally, successively incorporating higher order Pn functions, and thus, the\nhigher-order morphological information encoded in these descriptors, leads to\nsuperior accuracy of the reconstructions. However, incorporating more Pn\nfunctions into the reconstruction also significantly increases the complexity\nand roughness of the associated energy landscape for the underlying stochastic\noptimization, making it difficult to convergence numerically.",
        "positive": "Effective field theory in larger clusters - Ising Model: General formulation for the effective field theory with differential operator\ntechnique and the decoupling approximation with larger finite clusters (namely\nEFT-$N$ formulation) has been derived, for S-1/2 bulk systems. The effect of\nthe enlarging this finite cluster on the results in the critical temperatures\nand thermodynamic properties have been investigated in detail. Beside the\nimprovement on the critical temperatures, the necessity of using larger\nclusters, especially in nano materials have been discussed. With the derived\nformulation, application on the effective field and mean field renormalization\ngroup techniques also have been performed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum fluctuation theorems and generalized measurements during the\n  force protocol: Generalized measurements of an observable performed on a quantum system\nduring a force protocol are investigated and conditions that guarantee the\nvalidity of the Jarzynski equality and the Crooks relation are formulated. In\nagreement with previous studies by Campisi {\\it et al.} [M. Campisi, P.\nTalkner, and P. H\\\"anggi, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 105}, 140601 (2010); Phys. Rev.\nE {\\bf 83}, 041114 (2011)], we find that these fluctuation relations are\nsatisfied for projective measurements; however, for generalized measurements\nspecial conditions on the operators determining the measurements need to be\nmet. For the Jarzynski equality to hold, the measurement operators of the\nforward protocol must be normalized in a particular way. The Crooks relation\nadditionally entails that the backward and forward measurement operators depend\non each other. Yet, quite some freedom is left as to how the two sets of\noperators are interrelated. This ambiguity is removed if one considers\nselective measurements, which are specified by a {\\it joint} probability\ndensity function of work and measurement results of the considered observable.\nWe find that the respective forward and backward joint probabilities satisfy\nthe Crooks relation only if the measurement operators of the forward and\nbackward protocols are the time-reversed adjoints of each other. In this case,\nthe work probability density function {\\it conditioned} on the measurement\nresult satisfies a modified Crooks relation. The modification appears as a\nprotocol-dependent factor that can be expressed by the information gained by\nthe measurements during the forward and backward protocols. Finally, detailed\nfluctuation theorems with an arbitrary number of intervening measurements are\nobtained.",
        "positive": "A Microscopic Model of the Stokes-Einstein Relation in Arbitrary\n  Dimension: The Stokes-Einstein relation (SER) is one of the most robust and widely\nemployed results from the theory of liquids. Yet sizable deviations can be\nobserved for self-solvation, which cannot be explained by the standard\nhydrodynamic derivation. Here, we revisit the work of Masters and Madden [J.\nChem. Phys. 74, 2450-2459 (1981)], who first solved a statistical mechanics\nmodel of the SER using the projection operator formalism. By generalizing their\nanalysis to all spatial dimensions and to partially structured solvents, we\nidentify a potential microscopic origin of some of these deviations. We also\nreproduce the SER-like result from the exact dynamics of infinite-dimensional\nfluids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cross-correlations in scaling analyses of phase transitions: Thermal or finite-size scaling analyses of importance sampling Monte Carlo\ntime series in the vicinity of phase transition points often combine different\nestimates for the same quantity, such as a critical exponent, with the intent\nto reduce statistical fluctuations. We point out that the origin of such\nestimates in the same time series results in often pronounced\ncross-correlations which are usually ignored even in high-precision studies,\ngenerically leading to significant underestimation of statistical fluctuations.\nWe suggest to use a simple extension of the conventional analysis taking\ncorrelation effects into account, which leads to improved estimators with often\nsubstantially reduced statistical fluctuations at almost no extra cost in terms\nof computation time.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of magnetic polymers: We consider polymers made of magnetic monomers (Ising or Heisenberg-like) in\na good solvent. These polymers are modeled as self-avoiding walks on a cubic\nlattice, and the ferromagnetic interaction between the spins carried by the\nmonomers is short-ranged in space. At low temperature, these polymers undergo a\nmagnetic induced first order collapse transition, that we study at the mean\nfield level. Contrasting with an ordinary $\\Theta$ point, there is a strong\njump in the polymer density, as well as in its magnetization. In the presence\nof a magnetic field, the collapse temperature increases, while the\ndiscontinuities decrease. Beyond a multicritical point, the transition becomes\nsecond order and $\\Theta$-like. Monte Carlo simulations for the Ising case are\nin qualitative agreement with these results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic thermodynamics of interacting degrees of freedom: Fluctuation\n  theorems for detached path probabilities: Systems with interacting degrees of freedom play a prominent role in\nstochastic thermodynamics. Our aim is to use the concept of detached path\nprobabilities and detached entropy production for bipartite Markov processes\nand elaborate on a series of special cases including measurement-feedback\nsystems, sensors and hidden Markov models. For these special cases we show that\nfluctuation theorems involving the detached entropy production recover known\nresults which have been obtained separately before. Additionally, we show that\nthe fluctuation relation for the detached entropy production can be used in\nmodel selection for data stemming from a hidden Markov model. We discuss the\nrelation to previous approaches including those which use information flow or\nlearning rate to quantify the influence of one subsystem on the other. In\nconclusion, we present a complete framework with which to find fluctuation\nrelations for coupled systems.",
        "positive": "Partition-Induced Vector Chromatography in Microfluidic Devices: The transport of Brownian particles in a slit geometry in the presence of an\narbitrary two-dimensional periodic energy landscape and driven by an external\nforce or convected by a flow field is investigated by means of macrotransport\ntheory. Analytical expressions for the probability distribution and the average\nmigration angle of the particles are obtained under the Fick-Jackobs\napproximation. The migration angle is shown to differ from the orientation\nangle of the driving field and to strongly depend on the physical properties of\nthe suspended species, thus providing the basis for vector chormatography, in\nwhich different species move in different directions and can be continuously\nfractionated. The potential of microfluidic devices as a platform for\npartition-induced vector chromatography is demonstrated by considering the\nparticular case of a piece-wise constant, periodic potential that, in\nequilibrium, induces the spontaneous partition of different species into high\nand low concentration stripes, and which can be easily fabricated by patterning\nphysically or chemically one of the surfaces of a channel. The feasibility to\nseparate different particles of the same and different size is shown for\nsystems in which partition is induced via 1g-gravity and Van der Waals\ninteractions in physically and chemically patterned channels, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical properties of the susceptible-exposed-infected model on a\n  square lattice: The critical properties of the stochastic susceptible-exposed-infected model\non a square lattice is studied by numerical simulations and by the use of\nscaling relations. In the presence of an infected individual, a susceptible\nbecomes either infected or exposed. Once infected or exposed, the individual\nremains forever in this state. The stationary properties are shown to be the\nsame as those of isotropic percolation so that the critical behavior puts the\nmodel into the universality class of dynamic percolation.",
        "positive": "A minimal model for short-time diffusion in periodic potentials: We investigate the dynamics of a single, overdamped colloidal particle, which\nis driven by a constant force through a one-dimensional periodic potential. We\nfocus on systems with large barrier heights where the lowest-order cumulants of\nthe density field, that is, average position and the mean-squared displacement,\nshow nontrivial (non-diffusive) short-time behavior characterized by the\nappearance of plateaus. We demonstrate that this \"cage-like\" dynamics can be\nwell described by a discretized master equation model involving two states\n(related to two positions) within each potential valley. Non-trivial\npredictions of our approach include analytic expressions for the plateau\nheights and an estimate of the \"de-caging time\" obtained from the study of\ndeviations from Gaussian behaviour. The simplicity of our approach means that\nit offers a minimal model to describe the short-time behavior of systems with\nhindered dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Life Insurance Pricing: Multi Agents Model: We use the maximum entropy principle for pricing the non-life insurance and\nrecover the B\\\"{u}hlmann results for the economic premium principle. The\nconcept of economic equilibrium is revised in this respect.",
        "positive": "Fractal structure and non extensive statistics: The role played by non extensive thermodynamics in physical systems has been\nunder intense debate for the last decades. With many applications in several\nareas, the Tsallis statistics has been discussed in details in many works and\ntriggered an interesting discussion on the most deep meaning of entropy and its\nrole in complex systems. Some possible mechanisms that could give rise to non\nextensive statistics have been formulated along the last several years, in\nparticular a fractal structure in thermodynamics functions was recently\nproposed as a possible origin for non extensive statistics in physical systems.\nIn the present work we investigate the properties of such fractal\nthermodynamical system and propose a diagrammatic method for calculations of\nrelevant quantities related to such system. It is shown that a system with the\nfractal structure described here presents temperature fluctuation following an\nEuler Gamma Function, in accordance with previous works that evidenced the\nconnections between those fluctuations and Tsallis statistics. Finally, the\nfractal scale invariance is discussed in terms of the Callan-Symanzik Equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "R\u00e9nyi entanglement entropies in quantum dimer models : from\n  criticality to topological order: Thanks to Pfaffian techniques, we study the R\\'enyi entanglement entropies\nand the entanglement spectrum of large subsystems for two-dimensional\nRokhsar-Kivelson wave functions constructed from a dimer model on the\ntriangular lattice. By including a fugacity $t$ on some suitable bonds, one\ninterpolates between the triangular lattice (t=1) and the square lattice (t=0).\nThe wave function is known to be a massive $\\mathbb Z_2$ topological liquid for\n$t>0$ whereas it is a gapless critical state at t=0. We mainly consider two\ngeometries for the subsystem: that of a semi-infinite cylinder, and the\ndisk-like setup proposed by Kitaev and Preskill [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 110404\n(2006)]. In the cylinder case, the entropies contain an extensive term --\nproportional to the length of the boundary -- and a universal sub-leading\nconstant $s_n(t)$. Fitting these cylinder data (up to a perimeter of L=32\nsites) provides $s_n$ with a very high numerical accuracy ($10^{-9}$ at t=1 and\n$10^{-6}$ at $t=0.5$). In the topological $\\mathbb{Z}_2$ liquid phase we find\n$s_n(t>0)=-\\ln 2$, independent of the fugacity $t$ and the R\\'enyi parameter\n$n$. At t=0 we recover a previously known result, $s_n(t=0)=-(1/2)\\ln(n)/(n-1)$\nfor $n<1$ and $s_n(t=0)=-\\ln(2)/(n-1)$ for $n>1$. In the disk-like geometry --\ndesigned to get rid of the boundary contributions -- we find an entropy $s^{\\rm\nKP}_n(t>0)=-\\ln 2$ in the whole massive phase whatever $n>0$, in agreement with\nthe result of Flammia {\\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 261601 (2009)]. Some\nresults for the gapless limit $R^{\\rm KP}_n(t\\to 0)$ are discussed.",
        "positive": "Loschmidt echo with a non-equilibrium initial state: early time scaling\n  and enhanced decoherence: We study the Loschmidt echo (LE) in a central spin model in which a central\nspin is globally coupled to an environment (E) which is subjected to a small\nand sudden quench at $t=0$ so that its state at $t=0^+$, remains the same as\nthe ground state of the initial environmental Hamiltonian before the quench;\nthis leads to a non-equilibrium situation. This state now evolves with two\nHamiltonians, the final Hamiltonian following the quench and its modified\nversion which incorporates an additional term arising due to the coupling of\nthe central spin to the environment. Using a generic short-time scaling of the\ndecay rate, we establish that in the early time limit, the rate of decay of the\nLE (or the overlap between two states generated from the initial state evolving\nthrough two channels) close to the quantum critical point (QCP) of E is\nindependent of the quenching. We do also study the temporal evolution of the LE\nand establish the presence of a crossover to a situation where the quenching\nbecomes irrelevant. In the limit of large quench amplitude the non-equilibrium\ninitial condition is found to result in a drastic increase in decoherence at\nlarge times, even far away from a QCP. These generic results are verified\nanalytically as well as numerically, choosing E to be a transverse Ising chain\nwhere the transverse field is suddenly quenched."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time-symmetric current and its fluctuation response relation around\n  nonequilibrium stalling stationary state: We propose a time-symmetric counterpart of the current in stochastic\nthermodynamics named time-symmetric current. This quantity is defined with\nempirical measures and thus is symmetric under time reversal, while its\nensemble average reproduces the amount of average current. We prove that this\ntime-symmetric current satisfies the fluctuation-response relation in the\nconventional form with sign inversion. Remarkably, this fluctuation-response\nrelation holds not only around equilibrium states but also around\nnonequilibrium stationary states if observed currents stall. The obtained\nrelation also serves as an experimental tool for calculating the value of a\nbare transition rate by measuring only time-integrated empirical measures.",
        "positive": "Stretched Exponential Relaxation Arising from a Continuous Sum of\n  Exponential Decays: Stretched exponential relaxation of a quantity n versus time t according to n\n= n_0 exp[-(lambda* t)^beta] is ubiquitous in many research fields, where\nlambda* is a characteristic relaxation rate and the stretching exponent beta is\nin the range 0 < beta < 1. Here we consider systems in which the stretched\nexponential relaxation arises from the global relaxation of a system containing\nindependently exponentially relaxing species with a probability distribution\nP(lambda/lambda*,beta) of relaxation rates lambda. We study the properties of\nP(lambda/lambda*,beta) and their dependence on beta. Physical interpretations\nof lambda* and beta, derived from consideration of P(lambda/lambda*,beta) and\nits moments, are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium to off-equilibrium crossover in homogeneous active matter: We study the crossover between equilibrium and off-equilibrium dynamical\nuniversality classes in the Vicsek model near its ordering transition. Starting\nfrom the incompressible hydrodynamic theory of Chen et al\n\\cite{chen2015critical}, we show that increasing the activity leads to a\nrenormalization group (RG) crossover between the equilibrium ferromagnetic\nfixed point, with dynamical critical exponent $z = 2$, and the off-equilibrium\nactive fixed point, with $z = 1.7$ (in $d=3$). We run simulations of the\nclassic Vicsek model in the near-ordering regime and find that critical slowing\ndown indeed changes with activity, displaying two exponents that are in\nremarkable agreement with the RG prediction. The equilibrium-to-off-equilibrium\ncrossover is ruled by a characteristic length scale beyond which active\ndynamics takes over. Such length scale is smaller the larger the activity,\nsuggesting the existence of a general trade-off between activity and system's\nsize in determining the dynamical universality class of active matter.",
        "positive": "Further solutions of fractional reaction-diffusion equations in terms of\n  the H-function: This paper is a continuation of our earlier paper in which we have derived\nthe solution of an unified fractional reaction-diffusion equation associated\nwith the Caputo derivative as the time-derivative and the Riesz-Feller\nfractional derivative as the space-derivative. In this paper, we consider an\nunified reaction-diffusion equation with Riemann-Liouville fractional\nderivative as the time-derivative and Riesz-Feller derivative as the\nspace-derivative. The solution is derived by the application of the Laplace and\nFourier transforms in a compact and closed form in terms of the H-function. The\nresults derived are of general character and include the results investigated\nearlier by Kilbas et al. (2006a), Saxena et al. (2006c), and Mathai et al.\n(2010). The main result is given in the form of a theorem. A number of\ninteresting special cases of the theorem are also given as corollaries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipation controls transport and phase transitions in active fluids:\n  Mobility, diffusion and biased ensembles: Active fluids operate by constantly dissipating energy at the particle level\nto perform a directed motion, yielding dynamics and phases without any\nequilibrium equivalent. The emerging behaviors have been studied extensively,\nyet deciphering how local energy fluxes control the collective phenomena is\nstill largely an open challenge. We provide generic relations between the\nactivity-induced dissipation and the transport properties of an internal\ntracer. By exploiting a mapping between active fluctuations and disordered\ndriving, our results reveal how the local dissipation, at the basis of\nself-propulsion, constrains internal transport by reducing the mobility and the\ndiffusion of particles. Then, we employ techniques of large deviations to\ninvestigate how interactions are affected when varying dissipation. This leads\nus to shed light on a microscopic mechanism to promote clustering at low\ndissipation, and we also show the existence of collective motion at high\ndissipation. Overall, these results illustrate how tuning dissipation provides\nan alternative route to phase transitions in active fluids.",
        "positive": "Walks of molecular motors in two and three dimensions: Molecular motors interacting with cytoskeletal filaments undergo peculiar\nrandom walks consisting of alternating sequences of directed movements along\nthe filaments and diffusive motion in the surrounding solution. An ensemble of\nmotors is studied which interacts with a single filament in two and three\ndimensions. The time evolution of the probability distribution for the bound\nand unbound motors is determined analytically. The diffusion of the motors is\nstrongly enhanced parallel to the filament. The analytical expressions are in\nexcellent agreement with the results of Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Decomposition of Heartbeat Time Series: Scaling Analysis of the Sign\n  Sequence: The cardiac interbeat (RR) increment time series can be decomposed into two\nsub-sequences: a magnitude series and a sign series. We show that the sign\nsequence, a simple binary representation of the original RR series, retains\nfundamental scaling properties of the original series, is robust with respect\nto outliers, and may provide useful information about neuroautonomic control\nmechanisms.",
        "positive": "\"Slimming\" of power law tails by increasing market returns: We introduce a simple generalization of rational bubble models which removes\nthe fundamental problem discovered by [Lux and Sornette, 1999] that the\ndistribution of returns is a power law with exponent less than 1, in\ncontradiction with empirical data. The idea is that the price fluctuations\nassociated with bubbles must on average grow with the mean market return r.\nWhen r is larger than the discount rate r_delta, the distribution of returns of\nthe observable price, sum of the bubble component and of the fundamental price,\nexhibits an intermediate tail with an exponent which can be larger than 1. This\nregime r>r_delta corresponds to a generalization of the rational bubble model\nin which the fundamental price is no more given by the discounted value of\nfuture dividends. We explain how this is possible. Our model predicts that, the\nhigher is the market remuneration r above the discount rate, the larger is the\npower law exponent and thus the thinner is the tail of the distribution of\nprice returns."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scattering series in mobility problem for suspensions: The mobility problem for suspension of spherical particles immersed in an\narbitrary flow of a viscous, incompressible fluid is considered in the regime\nof low Reynolds numbers. The scattering series which appears in the mobility\nproblem is simplified. The simplification relies on the reduction of the number\nof types of single-particle scattering operators appearing in the scattering\nseries. In our formulation there is only one type of single-particle scattering\noperator.",
        "positive": "A mathematical walk into the paradox of Bloch oscillations: We describe mathematically the apparently paradoxical phenomenon that an\nelectronic current in a semiconductor can flow because of collisions, and not\ndespite them. A transport model of charge transport in a one-dimensional\nsemiconductor crystal is considered, where each electron follows the periodic\nhamiltonian trajectories, determined by the semiconductor band structure, and\nundergoes non-elastic collisions with a phonon bath. Starting from the detailed\nphase-space model, a closed system of ODEs is obtained for averaged quantities.\nSuch a simplified model is nevertheless capable of describing transient Bloch\noscillations, their damping and the consequent onset of a steady current flow,\nwhich is in good agreement with the available experimental data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non Sequential Recursive Pair Substitution: Some Rigorous Results: We present rigorous results on some open questions on NSRPS, non sequential\nrecursive pairs substitution method (see Grassberger in \\cite{G}). In\nparticular, starting from the action of NSRPS on finite strings we define a\ncorresponding natural action on measures and we prove that the iterated measure\nbecomes asymptotically Markov. This certify the effectiveness of NSRPS as a\ntool for data compression and entropy estimation.",
        "positive": "A Search for Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem Violations in Spin-Glasses\n  from Susceptibility Data: We propose an indirect way of studying the fluctuation-dissipation relation\nin spin-glasses that only uses available susceptibility data. It is based on a\ndynamic extension of the Parisi-Toulouse approximation and a Curie-Weiss\ntreatment of the average magnetic couplings. We present the results of the\nanalysis of several sets of experimental data obtained from various samples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal finite-time bit erasure under full control: We study the finite-time erasure of a one-bit memory consisting of a\none-dimensional double-well potential, with each well encoding a memory\nmacrostate. We focus on setups that provide full control over the form of the\npotential-energy landscape and derive protocols that minimize the average work\nneeded to erase the bit over a fixed amount of time. We allow for cases where\nonly some of the information encoded in the bit is erased. For systems required\nto end up in a local equilibrium state, we calculate the minimum amount of work\nneeded to erase a bit explicitly, in terms of the equilibrium Boltzmann\ndistribution corresponding to the system's initial potential. The minimum work\nis inversely proportional to the duration of the protocol. The erasure cost may\nbe further reduced by relaxing the requirement for a local-equilibrium final\nstate and allowing for any final distribution compatible with constraints on\nthe probability to be in each memory macrostate. We also derive upper and lower\nbounds on the erasure cost.",
        "positive": "Thermal transistor: Heat flux switching and modulating: Thermal transistor is an efficient heat control device which can act as a\nheat switch as well as a heat modulator. In this paper, we study systematically\none-dimensional and two-dimensional thermal transistors. In particular, we show\nhow to improve significantly the efficiency of the one-dimensional thermal\ntransistor. The study is also extended to the design of two-dimensional thermal\ntransistor by coupling different anharmonic lattices such as the\nFrenkel-Kontorova and the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattices. Analogy between anharmonic\nlattices and single-walled carbon nanotube is drawn and possible experimental\nrealization with multi-walled nanotube is suggested."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adsorption of Externally Stretched Two-Dimensional Flexible and\n  Semi-flexible Polymers near an Attractive Wall: We study analytically a model of a two dimensional, partially directed,\nflexible or semiflexible polymer, attached to an attractive wall which is\nperpendicular to the preferred direction. In addition, the polymer is stretched\nby an externally applied force. We find that the wall has a dramatic effect on\nthe polymer. For wall attraction smaller than the non-sequential nearest\nneighbor attraction, the fraction of monomers at the wall is zero and the model\nis the same as that of a polymer without a wall. However, for greater than, the\nfraction of monomers at the wall undergoes a first order transition from unity\nat low temperature and small force, to zero at higher temperatures and forces.\nWe present phase diagram for this transition. Our results are confirmed by\nMonte-Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Weakening connections in heterogeneous mean-field models: Two versions of the susceptible-infected-susceptible epidemic model, which\nhave different transmission rules, are analysed. Both models are considered on\na weighted network to simulate a mitigation in the connection between the\nindividuals. The analysis is performed through a heterogeneous mean-field\napproach on a scale-free network. For a suitable choice of the parameters, both\nmodels exhibit a positive infection threshold, when they share the same\ncritical exponents associated with the behaviour of the prevalence against the\ninfection rate. Nevertheless, when the infection threshold vanishes, the\nprevalence of these models display different algebraic decays to zero for low\nvalues of the infection rate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics after quenches in one-dimensional quantum Ising-like systems: We study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of one-dimensional quantum\nIsing-like systems, arising from sudden quenches of the Hamiltonian parameter\n$g$ driving quantum transitions between disordered and ordered phases. In\nparticular, we consider quenches to values of $g$ around the critical value\n$g_c$, and mainly address the question whether, and how, the quantum transition\nleaves traces in the evolution of the transverse and longitudinal\nmagnetizations during such a deep out-of-equilibrium dynamics. We shed light on\nthe emergence of singularities in the thermodynamic infinite-size limit, likely\nrelated to the integrability of the model. Finite systems in periodic and open\nboundary conditions develop peculiar power-law finite-size scaling laws related\nto revival phenomena, but apparently unrelated to the quantum transition,\nbecause their main features are generally observed in quenches to generic\nvalues of $g$. We also investigate the effects of dissipative interactions with\nan environment, modeled by a Lindblad equation with local decay and pumping\ndissipation operators within the quadratic fermionic model obtainable by a\nJordan-Wigner mapping. Dissipation tends to suppress the main features of the\nunitary dynamics of closed systems. We finally address the effects of\nintegrability breaking, due to further lattice interactions, such as in\nanisotropic next-to-nearest neighbor Ising (ANNNI) models. We show that some\nqualitative features of the post-quench dynamics persist, in particular the\ndifferent behaviors when quenching to quantum ferromagnetic and paramagnetic\nphases, and the revival phenomena due to the finite size of the system.",
        "positive": "Generalizing Merton's approach of pricing risky debt: some closed form\n  results: In this work, I generalize Merton's approach of pricing risky debt to the\ncase where the interest rate risk is modeled by the CIR term structure. Closed\nform result for pricing the debt is given for the case where the firm value has\nnon-zero correlation with the interest rate. This extends previous closed form\npricing formular of zero-correlation case to the generic one of non-zero\ncorrelation between the firm value and the interest rate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Zon-Cohen singularity and negative inverse temperature in a trapped\n  particle limit: We study a Brownian particle on a moving periodic potential. We focus on the\nstatistical properties of the work done by the potential and the heat\ndissipated by the particle. When the period and the depth of the potential are\nboth large, by using a boundary layer analysis, we calculate a cumulant\ngenerating function and a biased distribution function. The result allows us to\nunderstand a Zon-Cohen singularity for an extended fluctuation theorem from a\nview point of rare trajectories characterized by a negative inverse temperature\nof the biased distribution function.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation theorem and natural time analysis: Upon employing a natural time window of fixed length sliding through a time\nseries, an explicit interrelation between the variability $\\beta$ of the\nvariance $\\kappa_1$($=< \\chi^2 > - < \\chi >^2$) of natural time $\\chi$ and\nevents' correlations is obtained. In addition, we investigate the application\nof the fluctuation theorem, which is a general result for systems far from\nequilibrium, to the variability $\\beta$. We consider for example, major\nearthquakes that are nonequilibrium critical phenomena. We find that four (out\nof five) mainshocks in California during 1979-2003 were preceded by $\\beta$\nminima lower than the relative thresholds deduced from the fluctuation theorem,\nthus signalling an impending major event."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Estimating probabilities from experimental frequencies: Estimating the probability distribution 'q' governing the behaviour of a\ncertain variable by sampling its value a finite number of times most typically\ninvolves an error. Successive measurements allow the construction of a\nhistogram, or frequency count 'f', of each of the possible outcomes. In this\nwork, the probability that the true distribution be 'q', given that the\nfrequency count 'f' was sampled, is studied. Such a probability may be written\nas a Gibbs distribution. A thermodynamic potential, which allows an easy\nevaluation of the mean Kullback-Leibler divergence between the true and\nmeasured distribution, is defined. For a large number of samples, the\nexpectation value of any function of 'q' is expanded in powers of the inverse\nnumber of samples. As an example, the moments, the entropy and the mutual\ninformation are analyzed.",
        "positive": "Understanding heavy fermion from generalized statistics: Heavy electrons in superconducting materials are widely studied with the\nKondo lattice t-J model. Numerical results have shown that the Fermi surface of\nthese correlated particles undergoes a flattening effect according to the\ncoupling degree J. This behaviour is not easy to understand from the\ntheoretical point of view within standard Fermi-Dirac statistics and\nnon-standard theories such as fractional exclusion statistics for anyons and\nTsallis nonextensive statistics. The present work is an attempt to account for\nthe heavy electron distribution within incomplete statistics (IS) which is\ndeveloped for complex systems with interactions which make the statistics\nincomplete such that sum_i p_i^q=1. The parameter q, when different from unity,\ncharacterizes the incompleteness of the statistics. It is shown that the\ncorrelated electrons can be described with the help of IS with q related to the\ncoupling constant J in the context of Kondo model"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin structures and entanglement of two disjoint intervals in conformal\n  field theories: We reconsider the moments of the reduced density matrix of two disjoint\nintervals and of its partial transpose with respect to one interval for\ncritical free fermionic lattice models. It is known that these matrices are\nsums of either two or four Gaussian matrices and hence their moments can be\nreconstructed as computable sums of products of Gaussian operators. We find\nthat, in the scaling limit, each term in these sums is in one-to-one\ncorrespondence with the partition function of the corresponding conformal field\ntheory on the underlying Riemann surface with a given spin structure. The\nanalytical findings have been checked against numerical results for the Ising\nchain and for the XX spin chain at the critical point.",
        "positive": "Dimensional Reduction of Dynamical Systems by Machine Learning:\n  Automatic Generation of the Optimum Extensive Variables and Their\n  Time-Evolution Map: A framework is proposed to generate a phenomenological model that extracts\nthe essence of a dynamical system (DS) with large degrees of freedom using\nmachine learning. For a given microscopic DS, the optimum transformation to a\nsmall number of macroscopic variables, which is expected to be extensive, and\nthe rule of time evolution that the variables obey are simultaneously\nidentified. The utility of this method is demonstrated through its application\nto the nonequilibrium relaxation of the three-state Potts model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tensor network simulation for the frustrated $J_1$-$J_2$ Ising model on\n  the square lattice: By using extensive tensor network calculations, we map out the phase diagram\nof the frustrated $J_1$-$J_2$ Ising model on the square lattice. In particular,\nwe focus on the cases with controversy in the phase diagram, especially the\nstripe transition in the regime $g = |J_2/J_1|>\\frac{1}{2}$, $(J_2>0,J_1<0)$.\nWhile recent studies claimed that the phase transition is of first order when\n$\\frac{1}{2}<g<g^*$ (with the smallest $g^*$ being $0.67$), our simulations\nsuggest that if there is such a first-order region, it is smaller than those\nfound in earlier studies by other methods. Combining with the analysis of\ncritical properties, we provide evidence that the classical $J_1$-$J_2$ model\nevolves continuously from two decoupled Ising models ($g\\to\\infty$ with central\ncharge $c = 1$) to a point belonging to the tricritical Ising universality\nclass (with $c = 0.7$) as $g$ decreases to $g^*\\simeq 0.54$.",
        "positive": "Competition between paramagnetism and diamagnetism in charged Fermi\n  gases: The charged Fermi gas with a small Lande-factor $g$ is expected to be\ndiamagnetic, while that with a larger $g$ could be paramagnetic. We calculate\nthe critical value of the $g$-factor which separates the dia- and para-magnetic\nregions. In the weak-field limit, $g_{c}$ has the same value both at high and\nlow temperatures, $g_{c}=1/\\sqrt{12}$. Nevertheless, $g_{c}$ increases with the\ntemperature reducing in finite magnetic fields. We also compare the $g_{c}$\nvalue of Fermi gases with those of Boltzmann and Bose gases, supposing the\nparticle has three Zeeman levels $\\sigma=\\pm1, 0$, and find that $g_{c}$ of\nBose and Fermi gases is larger and smaller than that of Boltzmann gases,\nrespectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bubble Evolution and Properties in Homogeneous Nucleation Simulations: We analyze the properties of naturally formed nano-bubbles in Lennard-Jones\nmolecular dynamics simulations of liquid-to-vapor nucleation in the boiling and\nthe cavitation regimes. The large computational volumes provide a realistic\nenvironment at unchanging average temperature and liquid pressure, which allows\nus to accurately measure properties of bubbles from their inception as stable,\ncritically sized bubbles, to their continued growth into the constant speed\nregime. Bubble gas densities are up to 50$%$ lower than the equilibrium vapor\ndensities at the liquid temperature, yet quite close to the gas equilibrium\ndensity at the lower gas temperatures measured in the simulations: The latent\nheat of transformation results in bubble gas temperatures up to 25$%$ below\nthose of the surrounding bulk liquid. In the case of rapid bubble growth -\ntypical for the cavitation regime - compression of the liquid outside the\nbubble leads to local temperature increases of up to 5$%$, likely significant\nenough to alter the surface tension as well as the local viscosity. The\nliquid-vapor bubble interface is thinner than expected from planar coexistence\nsimulations by up to $50%$. Bubbles near the critical size are extremely\nnon-spherical, yet they quickly become spherical as they grow.",
        "positive": "Short-time scaling in the critical dynamics of an antiferromagnetic\n  Ising system with conserved magnetisation: We study by Monte Carlo simulations the short-time exponent $\\theta$ in an\nantiferromagnetic Ising system for which the magnetisation is conserved but the\nsublattice magnetisation (which is the order parameter in this case) is not.\nThis system belongs to the dynamic class of model C. We use nearest neighbour\nKawasaki dynamics so that the magnetisation is conserved {\\em locally}. We find\nthat in three dimensions $\\theta$ is independent of the conserved\nmagnetisation. This is in agreement with the available theoretical studies, but\nin disagreement with previous simulation studies with global conservation\nalgorithm. However, we agree with both these studies regarding the result\n$\\theta_C \\ne \\theta_A$. We also find that in two dimensions, $\\theta_C =\n\\theta_A$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local time in diffusive media and applications to imaging: Local time is the measure of how much time a random walk has visited a given\nposition. In multiple scattering media, where waves are diffuse, local time\nmeasures the sensitivity of the waves to the local medium's properties. Local\nvariations of absorption, velocity and scattering between two measurements\nyield variations in the wave field. These variations are proportionnal to the\nlocal time of the volume where the change happened and the amplitude of\nvariation. The wave field variations are measured using correlations and can be\nused as input in a inversion algorithm to produce variation maps. The present\narticle gives the expression of the local time in dimensions one, two and three\nand an expression of its fluctuations, in order to perform such inversions and\nestimate their accuracy.",
        "positive": "Island and lake size distributions in Gradient Percolation: The well-known problem of gradient percolation has been revisited to study\nthe probability distribution of island sizes. It is observed that as the\nordinary percolation, this distribution is also described by a power-law\ndecaying function but the associated critical exponents are found to be\ndifferent. Because of the underlying gradient for the occupation probability,\nthe average value of the island sizes also has a gradient. The variation of the\naverage island size with the probability of occupation along the gradient has\nbeen studied together with its scaling analysis. Further, we have introduced\nand studied the gradient bond percolation and by studying the island size\ndistribution statistics, we have obtained very similar results. We have also\nstudied the characteristics of the diffusion profile of the particle system on\na lattice that is initially half filled and half empty. Here also we observe\nthe same value for the island size probability distribution exponent. Finally,\nthe same study has been repeated for the nonlinear gradient percolation and the\nvalue of the island size distribution exponent is found to be a function of the\nstrength of the nonlinear parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion Properties of a Brownian Ratchet with Coulomb Friction: The motion of a Brownian particle in the presence of Coulomb friction and an\nasymmetric spatial potential was evaluated in this study. The system exhibits a\nratchet effect, i.e., an average directed motion even in the absence of an\nexternal force, induced by the coupling of non-equilibrium conditions with the\nspatial asymmetry. Both the average motion and the fluctuations of the Brownian\nparticle were analysed. The stationary velocity shows a non-monotonic behaviour\nas a function of both the temperature and the viscosity of the bath. The\ndiffusion properties of the particle, which show several time regimes, were\nalso investigated. To highlight the role of non-linear friction in the\ndynamics, a comparison is presented with a linear model of a Brownian particle\ndriven by a constant external force, which allows for analytical treatment. In\nparticular, the study unveils that the passage times between different temporal\nregimes are strongly affected by the presence of Coulomb friction.",
        "positive": "Variational control forces for enhanced sampling of nonequilibrium\n  molecular dynamics simulations: We introduce a variational algorithm to estimate the likelihood of a rare\nevent within a nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation through the\nevaluation of an optimal control force. Optimization of a control force within\na chosen basis is made possible by explicit forms for the gradients of a cost\nfunction in terms of the susceptibility of driven trajectories to changes in\nvariational parameters. We consider probabilities of time-integrated dynamical\nobservables as characterized by their large deviation functions, and find that\nin many cases the variational estimate is quantitatively accurate.\nAdditionally, we provide expressions to exactly correct the variational\nestimate that can be evaluated directly. We benchmark this algorithm against\nthe numerically exact solution of a model of a driven particle in a periodic\npotential, where the control force can be represented with a complete basis. We\nthen demonstrate the utility of the algorithm in a model of repulsive particles\non a line, which undergo a dynamical phase transition, resulting in singular\nchanges to the form of the optimal control force. In both systems, we find fast\nconvergence and are able to evaluate large deviation functions with significant\nincreases in statistical efficiency over alternative Monte Carlo approaches."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic and Kinetic Anisotropies in Octane Thin Films: Confinement breaks the translational symmetry of materials. Such symmetry\nbreaking can be used to obtain configurations that are not otherwise accessible\nin the bulk. Here, we explore the effect of substrate-liquid interactions on\nthe induced thermodynamic and kinetic anisotropies. We consider n-octane\nnanofilms that are in contact with substrates with varying degrees of\nattraction. Complete freezing of octane nanofilms is observed at low\ntemperatures, while at intermediate temperatures, a frozen monolayer emerges at\nboth interfaces. By carefully inspecting the profiles of translational and\norientational relaxation times, we confirm that the translational and\norientational degrees of freedom are decoupled at these frozen monolayers. At\nsufficiently high temperatures, however, free interfaces and solid-liquid\ninterfaces close to loose substrates undergo pre-freezing, characterized by\nmild peaks in several thermodynamic quantities. Two distinct dynamic regimes\nare observed. The dynamics is accelerated in the vicinity of loose substrates,\nwhile sticky substrates decelerate dynamics, sometimes by as much as two orders\nof magnitude. These two distinct dynamical regimes have been previously by us\n[JCP 141: 024506, 2014] for a model atomic glass-forming liquid. We also\nconfirm the existence of two correlations proposed in the above-mentioned work\nin solid-liquid subsurface regions of octane films, i.e., a correlation between\ndensity and normal stress, and between atomic translational relaxation time and\nlateral stress. Finally, we inspect the ability of different regions of a film\nto explore the potential energy landscape, and observe no noticeable difference\nbetween the free surface and the bulk. This is unlike the films of model atomic\nglass formers that tend to sample their respective landscape more efficiently\nat free surfaces.",
        "positive": "Quantum spin fluctuations in the dipolar Heisenberg-like rare earth\n  pyrochlores: The magnetic pyrochlore oxide materials of general chemical formula R2Ti2O7\nand R2Sn2O7 (R = rare earth) display a host of interesting physical behaviours\ndepending on the flavour of rare earth ion. These properties depend on the\nvalue of the total magnetic moment, the crystal field interactions at each rare\nearth site and the complex interplay between magnetic exchange and long-range\ndipole-dipole interactions. This work focuses on the low temperature physics of\nthe dipolar isotropic frustrated antiferromagnetic pyrochlore materials.\nCandidate magnetic ground states are numerically determined at zero temperature\nand the role of quantum spin fluctuations around these states are studied using\na Holstein-Primakoff spin wave expansion to order 1/S. The results indicate the\nstrong stability of the proposed classical ground states against quantum\nfluctuations. The inclusion of long range dipole interactions causes a\nrestoration of symmetry and a suppression of the observed anisotropy gap\nleading to an increase in quantum fluctuations in the ground state when\ncompared to a model with truncated dipole interactions. The system retains most\nof its classical character and there is little deviation from the fully ordered\nmoment at zero temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonextensivity in nonequilibrium plasma systems with Coulombian\n  long-range interactions: The nonextensivity in a non-isothermal plasma system with the Coulombian\nlong-range interactions is studied in the framework of Tsallis statistics. We\npresent for first time a mathematical expression of the nonextensive parameter\nq based on the mathematical theory about the generalized Boltzmann equation and\nthe q-H theorem and the Maxwellian q-velocity distribution. We obtain a new\nphysical explanation for q concerning the nature of non-isothermal\nconfigurations in plasma systems with Coulombian long-range interactions. We\nalso provide one illustration for Almeida theorem (Physica A 300(2001)424) from\nthe kinetic analyses of plasma systems, which means that Tsallis statistics\nmight be a suitable statistics for the description of a nonequilibrium system\nwith a temperature gradient in it.",
        "positive": "Mass-Zero constrained dynamics for simulations based on orbital-free\n  density functional theory: A new algorithm for efficient and fully time-reversible integration of\nfirst-principles molecular dynamics based on orbital-free density functional\ntheory (OFDFT) is presented. The algorithm adapts to this nontrivial case the\nrecently introduced Mass-Zero (MaZe) constrained dynamics. The formalism\nensures that full adiabatic separation is enforced between nuclear and\nelectronic degrees of freedom and, consequently, that the exact\nBorn-Oppenheimer probability for the nuclei is sampled. Numerical integration\nof the MaZe dynamics combines standard molecular dynamics algorithms, e.g.\nVerlet or velocity Verlet, with the SHAKE method to impose the minimum\nconditions on the electronic degrees of freedom as a set of constraints. The\ndevelopments presented in this work, that include a bespoke adaptation of the\nstandard SHAKE algorithm, ensure that the quasilinear scaling of OFDFT is\npreserved by the new method for a broad range of kinetic and\nexchange-correlation functionals, including nonlocal ones. The efficiency and\naccuracy of the approach is demonstrated via calculations of static and dynamic\nproperties of liquid sodium in the constant energy and constant temperature\nensembles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Powerful method to evaluate the mass gaps of free-particle quantum\n  critical systems: We present a numerical method for the evaluation of the mass gap, and the\nlow-lying energy gaps, of a large family of free-fermionic and\nfree-parafermionic quantum chains. The method is suitable for some\ngeneralizations of the quantum Ising and XY models with multispin interactions.\nWe illustrate the method by considering the Ising quantum chains with uniform\nand random coupling constants. The mass gaps of these quantum chains are\nobtained from the largest root of a characteristic polynomial. We also show\nthat the Laguerre bound, for the largest root of a polynomial, used as an\ninitial guess for the largest root in the method, gives us estimates for the\nmass gaps sharing the same leading finite-size behavior as the exact results.\nThis opens an interesting possibility of obtaining precise critical properties\nvery efficiently which we explore by studying the critical point and the\nparamagnetic Griffiths phase of the quantum Ising chain with random couplings.\nIn this last phase, we obtain the effective dynamical critical exponent as a\nfunction of the distance-to-criticality. Finally, we compare the mass gap\nestimates derived from the Laguerre bound and the strong-disorder\nrenormalization-group method. Both estimates require comparable computational\nefforts, with the former having the advantage of being more accurate and also\nbeing applicable away from infinite-randomness fixed points. We believe this\nmethod is a relevant tool for tackling critical quantum chains with and without\nquenched disorder.",
        "positive": "One-dimensional Bose gas driven by a slow time-dependent harmonic trap: We consider the unitary time evolution of a one-dimensional cloud of\nhard-core bosons loaded on a harmonic trap potential which is slowly released\nin time with a general ramp $g(t)$. After the identification of a typical\nlength scale $\\ell(t)$, related to the time ramp, we focus our attention on the\ndynamics of the density profile within a first order time-dependent\nperturbation scheme. In the special case of a linear ramp, we compare the first\norder predictions to the exact solution obtained through Ermakov-Lewis\ndynamical invariants. We also obtain an exact analytical solution for a cloud\nreleased from a harmonic trap with an amplitude that varies as the inverse of\ntime. In such situation, the typical size of the cloud grows with a power law\ngoverned by an exponent that depends continuously on the initial trap\nfrequency. At high enough initial trap amplitude, the exponent acquires an\nimaginary part that leads to the emergence of a log-periodic modulation of the\ncloud expansion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical thermodynamics of long straight rigid rods on triangular\n  lattices: nematic order and adsorption thermodynamic functions: The statistical thermodynamics of straight rigid rods of length $k$ on\ntriangular lattices was developed on a generalization in the spirit of the\nlattice-gas model and the classical Guggenheim-DiMarzio approximation. In this\nscheme, the Helmholtz free energy and its derivatives were written in terms of\nthe order parameter $\\delta$, which characterizes the nematic phase occurring\nin the system at intermediate densities. Then, using the principle of minimum\nfree energy with $\\delta$ as a parameter, the main adsorption properties were\ncalculated. Comparisons with Monte Carlo simulations and experimental data were\nperformed in order to evaluate the reaches and limitations of the theoretical\nmodel.",
        "positive": "Maximal entropy distribution functions from generalized R\u00e9nyi entropy: New class of reference distribution functions for numerical approximation of\nthe solution of the Fokker-Planck equations associated to the charged particle\ndynamics in tokamak are studied. The reference distribution functions are\nobtained by maximization of the generalized Renyi entropy under scale-invariant\nrestrictions. Explicit analytic form, with algebraic decay, that is a\ngeneralization of the previous distribution with exponential tails was derived."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature scaling, glassiness and stationarity in the Bak-Sneppen\n  model: We show that the emergence of criticality in the locally-defined Bak-Sneppen\nmodel corresponds to separation over a hierarchy of timescales. Near to the\ncritical point the model obeys scaling relations, with exponents which we\nderive numerically for a one-dimensional system. We further describe how the\nmodel can be related to the glass model of Bouchaud [{\\em J. Phys. I France\n{\\bf 2}, 1705 (1992)}], and we use this insight to comment on the usual\nassumption of stationarity in the Bak-Sneppen model. Finally, we propose a\ngeneral definition of self-organised criticality which is in partial agreement\nwith other recent definitions.",
        "positive": "Finite temperature results on the 2d Ising model with mixed perturbation: A numerical study of finite temperature features of thermodynamical\nobservables is performed for the lattice 2d Ising model. Our results support\nthe conjecture that the Finite Size Scaling analysis employed in the study of\nintegrable perturbation of Conformal Field Theory is still valid in the present\ncase, where a non-integrable perturbation is considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A generalization of the central limit theorem consistent with\n  nonextensive statistical mechanics: The standard central limit theorem plays a fundamental role in\nBoltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics. This important physical theory has been\ngeneralized \\cite{Tsallis1988} in 1988 by using the entropy $S_q =\n\\frac{1-\\sum_i p_i^q}{q-1}$ (with $q \\in \\mathcal{R}$) instead of its\nparticular BG case $S_1=S_{BG}= -\\sum_i p_i \\ln p_i$. The theory which emerges\nis usually referred to as {\\it nonextensive statistical mechanics} and recovers\nthe standard theory for $q=1$. During the last two decades, this\n$q$-generalized statistical mechanics has been successfully applied to a\nconsiderable amount of physically interesting complex phenomena. A\nconjecture\\cite{Tsallis2005} and numerical indications available in the\nliterature have been, for a few years, suggesting the possibility of\n$q$-versions of the standard central limit theorem by allowing the random\nvariables that are being summed to be strongly correlated in some special\nmanner, the case $q=1$ corresponding to standard probabilistic independence.\nThis is what we prove in the present paper for $1 \\leq q<3$. The attractor, in\nthe usual sense of a central limit theorem, is given by a distribution of the\nform $p(x) =C_q [1-(1-q) \\beta x^2]^{1/(1-q)}$ with $\\beta>0$, and normalizing\nconstant $C_q$. These distributions, sometimes referred to as $q$-Gaussians,\nare known to make, under appropriate constraints, extremal the functional $S_q$\n(in its continuous version). Their $q=1$ and $q=2$ particular cases recover\nrespectively Gaussian and Cauchy distributions.",
        "positive": "Active hard-spheres in infinitely many dimensions: Few equilibrium --even less so nonequilibrium-- statistical-mechanical models\nwith continuous degrees of freedom can be solved exactly. Classical\nhard-spheres in infinitely many space dimensions are a notable exception. We\nshow that even without resorting to a Boltzmann distribution, dimensionality is\na powerful organizing device to explore the stationary properties of active\nhard-spheres evolving far from equilibrium. In infinite dimensions, we compute\nexactly the stationary state properties that govern and characterize the\ncollective behavior of active hard-spheres: the structure factor and the\nequation of state for the pressure. In turn, this allows us to account for\nmotility-induced phase-separation. Finally, we determine the crowding density\nat which the effective propulsion of a particle vanishes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bose-Einstein vs. electrodynamic condensates: the question of order and\n  coherence: The remarkable recent experiments on ensembles of magnetically trapped\nultracold alkali atoms have demonstrated the transition to a highly ordered\nphase, that has been attributed to the process of quantum-mechanical\ncondensation, predicted long ago (1924) by Bose and Einstein. After having\npresented our argument against the above attribution, we show that the known\nphenomenology, including a discrepancy of about one order of magnitude with the\npredictions of Bose- Einstein condensation, is in good agreement with the\nelectromagnetic coherence induced on the alkali atoms by the long range\nelectrodynamic interactions. We also predict that for temperatures lower than a\nwell defined $T_{BEC}$, the state predicted by Bose and Einstein coexists with\nthe new coherent electrodynamic state.",
        "positive": "Energy Level Distribution of Perturbed Conformal Field Theories: We study the energy level spacing of perturbed conformal minimal models in\nfinite volume, considering perturbations of such models that are massive but\nnot necessarily integrable. We compute their spectrum using a renormalization\ngroup improved truncated conformal spectrum approach. With this method we are\nable to study systems where more than 40000 states are kept and where we\ndetermine the energies of the lowest several thousand eigenstates with high\naccuracy. We find, as expected, that the level spacing statistics of integrable\nperturbed minimal models are Poissonian while the statistics of non-integrable\nperturbations are GOE-like. However by varying the system size (and so\ncontrolling the positioning of the theory between its IR and UV limits) one can\ninduce crossovers between the two statistical distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis and Out of Time Order\n  Correlators: The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) implies a form for the matrix\nelements of local operators between eigenstates of the Hamiltonian, expected to\nbe valid for chaotic systems. Another signal of chaos is a positive Lyapunov\nexponent, defined on the basis of Loschmidt echo or out-of-time-order\ncorrelators. For this exponent to be positive, correlations between matrix\nelements unrelated by symmetry, usually neglected, have to exist. The same is\ntrue for the peak of the dynamic heterogeneity length, relevant for systems\nwith slow dynamics. These correlations, as well as those between elements of\ndifferent operators, are encompassed in a generalized form of ETH.",
        "positive": "Dissimilarity between synchronization processes on networks: In this study, we present a framework for comparing two dynamical processes\nthat describe the synchronization of oscillators coupled through networks. The\ndifferences in the dynamics considered are a consequence of modifications or\nvariations in the couplings on the same network. We introduce a measure of\ndissimilarity defined in terms of a metric on a hypertorus, allowing us to\ncompare the phases of coupled oscillators. This formalism is implemented to\nexamine the effect of the weight of an edge in the synchronization of two\noscillators, the introduction of new sets of edges in interacting cycles, the\neffect of bias in the couplings and the addition of a link in a ring. We also\ncompare the synchronization of nonisomorphic graphs with four nodes. Finally,\nwe study the dissimilarities generated when we contrast the Kuramoto model with\nthe respective linear approximation for different random initial phases in\ndeterministic and random networks. The approach introduced provides a general\ntool for comparing synchronization processes on networks, allowing us to\nunderstand the dynamics of a complex system as a consequence of the coupling\nstructure and the processes that can occur in it."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal strategies in collective Parrondo games: We present a modification of the so-called Parrondo's paradox where one is\nallowed to choose in each turn the game that a large number of individuals\nplay. It turns out that, by choosing the game which gives the highest average\nearnings at each step, one ends up with systematic loses, whereas a periodic or\nrandom sequence of choices yields a steadily increase of the capital. An\nexplanation of this behavior is given by noting that the short-range\nmaximization of the returns is \"killing the goose that laid the golden eggs\". A\ncontinuous model displaying similar features is analyzed using dynamic\nprogramming techniques from control theory.",
        "positive": "Continuous condensation in nanogrooves: We consider condensation in a capillary groove of width $L$ and depth $D$,\nformed by walls that are completely wet (contact angle $\\theta=0$), which is in\na contact with a gas reservoir of the chemical potential $\\mu$. On a mesoscopic\nlevel, the condensation process can be described in terms of the midpoint\nheight $\\ell$ of a meniscus formed at the liquid-gas interface. For\nmacroscopically deep grooves ($D\\to\\infty$), and in the presence of long-range\n(dispersion) forces, the condensation corresponds to a second order phase\ntransition, such that $\\ell\\sim (\\mu_{cc}-\\mu)^{-1/4}$ as $\\mu\\to\\mu_{cc}^-$\nwhere $\\mu_{cc}$ is the chemical potential pertinent to capillary condensation\nin a slit pore of width $L$. For finite values of $D$, the transition becomes\nrounded and the groove becomes filled with liquid at a chemical potential\nhigher than $\\mu_{cc}$ with a difference of the order of $D^{-3}$. For\nsufficiently deep grooves, the meniscus growth initially follows the power-law\n$\\ell\\sim (\\mu_{cc}-\\mu)^{-1/4}$ but this behaviour eventually crosses over to\n$\\ell\\sim D-(\\mu-\\mu_{cc})^{-1/3}$ above $\\mu_{cc}$, with a gap between the two\nregimes shown to be $\\bar{\\delta}\\mu\\sim D^{-3}$. Right at $\\mu=\\mu_{cc}$, when\nthe groove is only partially filled with liquid, the height of the meniscus\nscales as $\\ell^*\\sim (D^3L)^{1/4}$. Moreover, the chemical potential (or\npressure) at which the groove is half-filled with liquid exhibits a\nnon-monotonic dependence on $D$ with a maximum at $D\\approx 3L/2$ and coincides\nwith $\\mu_{cc}$ when $L\\approx D$. Finally, we show that condensation in finite\ngrooves can be mapped on the condensation in capillary slits formed by two\nasymmetric (competing) walls a distance $D$ apart with potential strengths\ndepending on $L$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal control of open quantum systems: cooperative effects of driving\n  and dissipation: We investigate the optimal control of open quantum systems, in particular,\nthe mutual influence of driving and dissipation. A stochastic approach to\nopen-system control is developed, using a generalized version of Krotov's\niterative algorithm, with no need for Markovian or rotating-wave\napproximations. The application to a harmonic degree of freedom reveals\ncooperative effects of driving and dissipation that a standard Markovian\ntreatment cannot capture. Remarkably, control can modify the open-system\ndynamics to the point where the entropy change turns negative, thus achieving\ncooling of translational motion without any reliance on internal degrees of\nfreedom.",
        "positive": "Linear stochastic thermodynamics for periodically driven systems: The theory of linear stochastic thermodynamics is developed for periodically\ndriven systems in contact with a single reservoir. Appropriate thermodynamic\nforces and fluxes are identified, starting from the entropy production for a\nMarkov process. Onsager coefficients are evaluated, the Onsager-Casimir\nrelations are verified, and explicit expressions are given for an expansion in\nterms of Fourier components. The results are illustrated on a periodically\nmodulated two level system including the optimization of the power output."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A non trivial extension of the two-dimensional Ising model: the\n  d-dimensional \"molecular\" model: A recently proposed molecular model is discussed as a non-trivial extension\nof the Ising model. For d=2 the two models are shown to be equivalent, while\nfor d>2 the molecular model describes a peculiar second order transition from\nan isotropic high temperature phase to a low-dimensional anisotropic low\ntemperature state. The general mean field analysis is compared with the results\nachieved by a variational Migdal-Kadanoff real space renormalization group\nmethod and by standard Monte Carlo sampling for d=3. By finite size scaling the\ncritical exponent has been found to be 0.44\\pm 0.02 thus establishing that the\nmolecular model does not belong to the universality class of the Ising model\nfor d>2.",
        "positive": "Prethermal stability of eigenstates under high frequency Floquet driving: Systems subject to high-frequency driving exhibit Floquet prethermalization,\nthat is, they heat exponentially slowly on a time scale that is large in the\ndrive frequency, $\\tau_{\\rm h} \\sim \\exp(\\omega)$. Nonetheless, local\nobservables can decay much faster via energy conserving processes, which are\nexpected to cause a rapid decay in the fidelity of an initial state. Here we\nshow instead that the fidelities of eigenstates of the time-averaged\nHamiltonian, $H_0$, display an exponentially long lifetime over a wide range of\nfrequencies -- even as generic initial states decay rapidly. When $H_0$ has\nquantum scars, or highly excited-eigenstates of low entanglement, this leads to\nlong-lived non-thermal behavior of local observables in certain initial states.\nWe present a two-channel theory describing the fidelity decay time $\\tau_{\\rm\nf}$: the interzone channel causes fidelity decay through energy absorption i.e.\ncoupling across Floquet zones, and ties $\\tau_{\\rm f}$ to the slow heating time\nscale, while the intrazone channel causes hybridization between states in the\nsame Floquet zone. Our work informs the robustness of experimental approaches\nfor using Floquet engineering to generate interesting many-body Hamiltonians,\nwith and without scars."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Testing the Instanton Approach to the Large Amplification Limit of a\n  Diffraction-Amplification Problem: The validity of the instanton analysis approach is tested numerically in the\ncase of the diffraction-amplification problem $\\partial_z\\psi\n-\\frac{i}{2m}\\nabla_{\\perp}^2 \\psi =g\\vert S\\vert^2\\, \\psi$ for $\\ln U\\gg 1$,\nwhere $U=\\vert\\psi(0,L)\\vert^2$. Here, $S(x,z)$ is a complex Gaussian random\nfield, $z$ and $x$ respectively are the axial and transverse coordinates, with\n$0\\le z\\le L$, and both $m\\ne 0$ and $g>0$ are real parameters. To sample the\nrare and extreme amplification values of interest ($\\ln U\\gg 1$), we devise a\nspecific biased sampling procedure by which $p(U)$, the probability\ndistribution of $U$, is obtained down to values less than $10^{-2270}$ in the\nfar right tail. We find that the agreement of our numerical results with the\ninstanton analysis predictions in Mounaix (2023 {\\it J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.}\n{\\bf 56} 305001) is remarkable. Both the predicted algebraic tail of $p(U)$ and\nconcentration of the realizations of $S$ onto the leading instanton are clearly\nconfirmed, which validates the instanton analysis numerically in the large $\\ln\nU$ limit.",
        "positive": "Cumulants and large deviations of the current through non-equilibrium\n  steady states: Using a generalisation of the detailed balance for systems maintained out of\nequilibrium by contact with 2 reservoirs at unequal temperatures or at unequal\ndensities, we recover the fluctuation theorem for the large deviation funtion\nof the current. For large diffusive systems, we show how the large deviation\nfuntion of the current can be computed using a simple additivity principle. The\nvalidity of this additivity principle and the occurence of phase transitions\nare discussed in the framework of the macroscopic fluctuation theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Oblique Impact of Frictionless Spheres: On the Limitations of Hard\n  Sphere Models for Granular Dynamics: When granular systems are modeled by frictionless hard spheres,\nparticle-particle collisions are considered as instantaneous events. This\nimplies that while the velocities change according to the collision rule, the\npositions of the particles are the same before and after such an event. We show\nthat depending on the material and system parameters, this assumption may fail.\nFor the case of viscoelastic particles we present a universal condition which\nallows to assess whether the hard-sphere modeling and, thus, event-driven\nMolecular Dynamics simulations are justified.",
        "positive": "Role of anisotropy to the compensation in the Blume-Capel trilayered\n  ferrimagnet: The trilayered Blume-Capel ($S=1$) magnet with nearest neighbour intralayer\nferromagnetic and nearest neighbour interlayer antiferromagnetic interaction is\nstudied by Monte Carlo simulation. Depending on the relative interaction\nstrength and the value of anisotropy the critical temperature (where all the\nsublattice magnetisations and consequently the total magnetisation vanishes)\nand the compensation temperature (where the total magnetisation vanishes for a\nspecial combination of nonzero sublattice magnetisations) are estimated. The\ncomprehensive phase diagrams with lines of critical temperatures and\ncompensation temperatures for different parameter values are drawn."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slow dynamics and rare-region effects in the contact process on weighted\n  tree networks: We show that generic, slow dynamics can occur in the contact process on\ncomplex networks with a tree-like structure and a superimposed weight pattern,\nin the absence of additional (non-topological) sources of quenched disorder.\nThe slow dynamics is induced by rare-region effects occurring on correlated\nsubspaces of vertices connected by large weight edges, and manifests in the\nform of a smeared phase transition. We conjecture that more sophisticated\nnetwork motifs could be able to induce Griffiths phases, as a consequence of\npurely topological disorder.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics of fluids at an impermeable wall: The problem of surface effects at a fluid/force field boundary is\ninvestigated. A classical simple fluid with a locally introduced field\nsimulating a solid is considered. For the case of a hard-core field, rigid,\nexponential, realistic, and macroscopically smooth boundaries are examined.\n  Two approaches to this problem are analyzed. With some degree of\narbitrariness, they can be referred to as \"adsorption\" vs \"surface tension\" or\n\"cluster expansion\" vs \"pressure tensor\".\n  The \"adsorption\" approach is used to obtain a series in powers of the\nactivity for gamma. For Mayer-type expansion the integrals of the Ursell\nfunctions contain factors which depend on the particle/wall interaction\npotential. In the case of a hard wall, the coefficients of the series reduce to\nthe first moments of the Ursell functions taken over certain regions.\n  The \"surface tension\" approach is used to expand the Kirkwood-Buff formula\nfor gamma to the arbitrary localization of the dividing surface. \"The surface\ntension coefficient\" breaks up into the term proportional to the Henry\nconstant, depending on the dividing surface position, and universal nonlinear\nsurface coefficient.\n  It is shown that the derivative of the tangential component of the pressure\ntensor with respect to the chemical potential coincides with the near-surface\nnumber density on average over the transition region, that has two\nconsequences.\n  Firstly, it proves complete identity between \"tension\" and \"adsorption\"\napproaches in the domain of their existence.\n  Secondly, it gives the near-surface virial expansion, which determines the\nexact equation of state of near boundary \"two-dimensional\" fluid. The\ntangential component of the pressure tensor averaged over the transition region\nplays the role of pressure, and the average number density - the role of number\ndensity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strongly enhanced dynamics of a charged Rouse dimer by an external\n  magnetic field: While the dynamics of dimers and polymer chains in a viscous solvent is well\nunderstood within the celebrated Rouse model, the effect of an external\nmagnetic field on the dynamics of a charged chain is much less understood. Here\nwe generalize the Rouse model for a charged dimer to include the effect of an\nexternal magnetic field. Our analytically solvable model allows a fundamental\ninsight into the magneto-generated dynamics of the dimer in the overdamped\nlimit as induced by the Lorentz-force. Surprisingly, for a dimer of oppositely\ncharged particles, we find an enormous enhancement of the dynamics of the dimer\ncenter which exhibits even a transient superballistic behavior. This is highly\nunusual in an overdamped system for there is neither inertia nor any internal\nor external driving. We attribute this to a significant translation and\nrotation coupling due to the Lorentz force. We also find that magnetic field\nreduces the mobility of a dimer along its orientation and its effective\nrotational diffusion coefficient. In principle, our predictions can be tested\nby experiments with colloidal particles and complex plasmas.",
        "positive": "Two liquid states of matter: A new dynamic line on a phase diagram: It is generally agreed that the supercritical region of a liquid consists of\none single state (supercritical fluid). On the other hand, we show here that\nliquids in this region exist in two qualitatively different states: \"rigid\" and\n\"non-rigid\" liquid. Rigid to non-rigid transition corresponds to the condition\n{\\tau} ~ {\\tau}0, where {\\tau}is liquid relaxation time and {\\tau}0 is the\nminimal period of transverse quasi-harmonic waves. This condition defines a new\ndynamic line on the phase diagram, and corresponds to the loss of shear\nstiffness of a liquid at all available frequencies, and consequently to the\nqualitative change of many important liquid properties. We analyze the dynamic\nline theoretically as well as in real and model liquids, and show that the\ntransition corresponds to the disappearance of high-frequency sound,\nqualitative changes of diffusion and viscous flow, increase of particle thermal\nspeed to half of the speed of sound and reduction of the constant volume\nspecific heat to 2kB per particle. In contrast to the Widom line that exists\nnear the critical point only, the new dynamic line is universal: it separates\ntwo liquid states at arbitrarily high pressure and temperature, and exists in\nsystems where liquid - gas transition and the critical point are absent\noverall."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Short-time Dynamic Behaviour of Critical XY Systems: Using Monte Carlo methods, the short-time dynamic scaling behaviour of\ntwo-dimensional critical XY systems is investigated. Our results for the XY\nmodel show that there exists universal scaling behaviour already in the\nshort-time regime, but the values of the dynamic exponent $z$ differ for\ndifferent initial conditions. For the fully frustrated XY model, power law\nscaling behaviour is also observed in the short-time regime.\n  However, a violation of the standard scaling relation between the exponents\nis detected.",
        "positive": "Quantum-classical crossover in the spin 1/2 XXZ chain: We compute, by means of exact diagonalization of systems of N=16 and 18\nspins, the correlation function <\\sigma^z_0\\sigma^z_n> at nonzero temperature\nfor the XXZ model with anisotropy \\Delta. In the gapless ferromagnetic region\n-1<\\Delta<0 for fixed separation the temperature can always be made\nsufficiently low so that the correlation is always negative for n \\neq 0.\nHowever we find that for sufficiently large temperatures and fixed separation\nor for fixed temperature greater than some T0(\\DElta) and sufficiently large\nseparations the correlations are always positive. This sign changing effect has\nnot been previously seen and we interpret it as a crossover from quantum to\nclassical behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum quench in the attractive regime of the sine-Gordon model: We study the dynamics of the sine-Gordon model after a quantum quench into\nthe attractive regime, where the spectrum consists of solitons, antisolitons\nand breathers. In particular, we analyse the time-dependent expectation value\nof the vertex operator, $\\exp\\left({\\rm i}\\beta\\Phi/2\\right)$, starting from an\ninitial state in the \"squeezed state form\" corresponding to integrable boundary\nconditions. Using an expansion in terms of exact form factors, we compute\nanalytically the leading contributions to this expectation value at late times.\nWe show that form factors containing breathers only contribute to the late-time\ndynamics if the initial state exhibits zero-momentum breather states. The\nleading terms at late times exponentially decay, and we compute the different\ndecay rates. In addition, the late-time contributions from the zero-momentum\nbreathers display oscillatory behaviour, with the oscillation frequency given\nby the breather mass renormalised by interaction effects. Using our result, we\ncompute the low-energy contributions to the power spectrum of the vertex\noperator. The oscillatory terms in the expectation value are shown to produce\nsmooth peaks in the power spectrum located near the values of the bare breather\nmasses.",
        "positive": "Critical fluctuations at a many-body exceptional point: Critical phenomena arise ubiquitously in various context of physics, from\ncondensed matter, high energy physics, cosmology, to biological systems, and\nconsist of slow and long-distance fluctuations near a phase transition or\ncritical point. Usually, these phenomena are associated with the softening of a\nmassive mode. Here we show that a novel, non-Hermitian-induced mechanism of\ncritical phenomena that do not fall into this class can arise in the steady\nstate of generic driven-dissipative many-body systems with coupled binary order\nparameters such as exciton-polariton condensates and driven-dissipative\nBose-Einstein condensates in a double-well potential. The criticality of this\n``critical exceptional point'' is attributed to the coalescence of the\ncollective eigenmodes that convert all the thermal-and-dissipative-noise\nactivated fluctuations to the Goldstone mode, leading to anomalously giant\nphase fluctuations that diverge at spatial dimensions $d\\le 4$. Our dynamic\nrenormalization group analysis shows that this gives rise to a strong-coupling\nfixed point at dimensions as high as $d<8$ associated with a new universality\nclass beyond the classification by Hohenberg and Halperin, indicating how\nanomalously strong the many-body corrections are at this point. We find that\nthis anomalous enhancement of many-body correlation is due to the appearance of\na sound mode at the critical exceptional point despite the system's dissipative\ncharacter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral statistics, finite-size scaling and multifractal analysis of\n  quasiperiodic chain with p-wave pairing: We study the spectral and wavefunction properties of a one-dimensional\nincommensurate system with p-wave pairing and unveil that the system\ndemonstrates a series of particular properties in its ciritical region. By\nstudying the spectral statistics, we show that the bandwidth distribution and\nlevel spacing distribution in the critical region follow inverse power laws,\nwhich however break down in the extended and localized regions. By performing a\nfinite-size scaling analysis, we can obtain some critical exponents of the\nsystem and find these exponents fulfilling a hyperscaling law in the whole\ncritical region. We also carry out a multifractal analysis on system's\nwavefuntions by using a box-counting method and unveil the wavefuntions\ndisplaying different behaviors in the critical, extended and localized regions.",
        "positive": "Reaction rate calculation by parallel path swapping: The efficiency of path sampling simulations can be improved considerably\nusing the approach of path swapping. For this purpose, we have devised a new\nalgorithmic procedure based on the transition interface sampling technique. In\nthe same spirit of parallel tempering, paths between different ensembles are\nswapped, but the role of temperature is here played by the interface position.\nWe have tested the method on the denaturation transition of DNA using the\nPeyrard-Bishop-Dauxois model. We find that the new algorithm gives a reduction\nof the computational cost by a factor 20."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of quorum-sensing active particles: It is still a debated issue whether all critical active particles belong to\nthe same universality class. Here we numerically study the critical behavior of\nquorum sensing active particles that represents the archetypal model for\ninterpreting motility-induced phase separation. Mean-field theory predicts that\nthis model should undergo a full phase separation if particles slow-down enough\nwhen sensing the presence of their neighbours and that the coexistence line\nterminates in a critical point. By performing large-scale numerical simulations\nwe confirm this scenario, locate the critical point and use finite-size scaling\nanalysis to show that the static and dynamic critical exponents of this active\nsystem agree with the Ising universality class",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium protection and spatial localization of noise-induced\n  fluctuations: quasi-one-dimensional driven lattice gas with partially\n  penetrable obstacle: We consider a nonequilibrium transition that leads to the formation of\nnonlinear steady-state structures due to the gas flow scattering on a partially\npenetrable obstacle. The resulting nonequilibrium steady state (NESS)\ncorresponds to a two-domain gas structure attained at certain critical\nparameters. We use a simple mean-field model of the driven lattice gas with\nring topology to demonstrate that this transition is accompanied by the\nemergence of local invariants related to a complex composed of the obstacle and\nits nearest gas surrounding, which we refer to as obstacle edges. These\ninvariants are independent of the main system parameters and behave as local\nfirst integrals, at least qualitatively. As a result, the complex becomes\ninsensitive to the noise of external driving field within the overcritical\ndomain. The emerged invariants describe the conservation of the number of\nparticles inside the obstacle and strong temporal synchronization or\ncorrelation of gas states at obstacle edges. Such synchronization guarantees\nthe equality to zero of the total edge current at any time. The robustness\nagainst external drive fluctuations is shown to be accompanied by strong\nspatial localization of induced gas fluctuations near the domain wall\nseparating the depleted and dense gas phases. Such a behavior can be associated\nwith nonequilibrium protection effect and synchronization of edges. The\ntransition rates between different NESSs are shown to be different. The\nrelaxation rates from one NESS to another take complex and real values in the\nsub- and overcritical regimes, respectively. The mechanism of these transitions\nis governed by the generation of shock waves at the back side of the obstacle.\nIn the subcritical regime, these solitary waves are generated sequentially many\ntimes, while only a single excitation is sufficient to rearrange the system\nstate in the overcritical regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A solvable model of interface depinning in random media: We study the mean-field version of a model proposed by Leschhorn to describe\nthe depinning transition of interfaces in random media. We show that evolution\nequations for the distribution of forces felt by the interface sites can be\nwritten down directly for an infinite system. For a flat distribution of random\nlocal forces the value of the depinning threshold can be obtained exactly. In\nthe case of parallel dynamics (all unstable sites move simultaneously), due to\nthe discrete character of the allowed interface heights, the motion of the\ncenter of mass is non-uniform in time in the moving phase close to the\nthreshold and the mean interface velocity vanishes with a square-root\nsingularity.",
        "positive": "Close-to-equilibrium heat capacity: Close to equilibrium, the excess heat governs the static fluctuations. We\nstudy the heat capacity in that McLennan regime, i.e., in linear order around\nequilibrium, using an expression in terms of the average energy that extends\nthe equilibrium formula in the canonical ensemble. It is derivable from an\nentropy and it always vanishes at zero temperature. The violation of an\nextended Third Law is therefore a nonlinear effect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Measuring irreversibility from learned representations of biological\n  patterns: Thermodynamic irreversibility is a crucial property of living matter.\nIrreversible processes maintain spatiotemporally complex structures and\nfunctions characteristic of living systems. In high-dimensional biological\ndynamics, robust and general quantification of irreversibility remains a\nchallenging task due to experimental noise and nonlinear interactions coupling\nmany degrees of freedom. Here we use deep learning to identify tractable,\nlow-dimensional representations of phase-field patterns in a canonical protein\nsignaling process -- the Rho-GTPase system -- as well as complex\nGinzburg-Landau dynamics. We show that factorizing variational autoencoder\nneural networks learn informative pattern features robustly to noise. Resulting\nneural-network representations reveal signatures of mesoscopic broken detailed\nbalance and time-reversal asymmetry in Rho-GTPase and complex Ginzburg-Landau\nwave dynamics. Applying the compression-based Ziv-Merhav estimator of\nirreversibility to representations, we recover irreversibility trends across\ncomplex Ginzburg-Landau patterns varying widely in spatiotemporal frequency and\nnoise level. Irreversibility estimates from representations similarly\nrecapitulate cell-activity trends in a Rho-GTPase patterning system undergoing\nmetabolic inhibition. Additionally, we find that our irreversibility estimates\nserve as a dynamical order parameter, distinguishing stable and chaotic\ndynamics in these nonlinear systems. Our framework leverages advances in deep\nlearning to offer robust, model-free measurements of nonequilibrium and\nnonlinear behavior in complex living processes.",
        "positive": "Comment on ``Phase Transitions in Systems of Self-Propelled Agents and\n  Related Network Models'': In this comment we show that the transition to collective motion in\nVicsek-like systems with angular noise remain discontinuous for large velocity\nvalues. Thus, the networks studied by Aldana {\\et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf\n98}, 095702 (2007)] at best constitute a singular, large velocity limit of\nthese systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stationary state in a two-temperature model with competing dynamics: A two-dimensional half-filled lattice gas model with nearest-neighbor\nattractive interaction is studied where particles are coupled to two thermal\nbaths at different temperatures $T_1$ and $T_2$. The hopping of particles is\ngoverned by the heat bath at temperature $T_1$ with probability $p$ and the\nother heat bath $(T_2)$ with probability $1-p$ independently of the hopping\ndirection. On a square lattice the vertical and horizontal interfaces become\nunstable while interfaces are stable in the diagonal directions. As a\nconsequence, particles condense into a tilted square in the novel ordered\nstate. The $p$-dependence of the resulting nonequilibrium stationary state is\nstudied by Monte Carlo simulation and dynamical mean-field approximation as\nwell.",
        "positive": "Variety and Volatility in Financial Markets: We study the price dynamics of stocks traded in a financial market by\nconsidering the statistical properties both of a single time series and of an\nensemble of stocks traded simultaneously. We use the $n$ stocks traded in the\nNew York Stock Exchange to form a statistical ensemble of daily stock returns.\nFor each trading day of our database, we study the ensemble return\ndistribution. We find that a typical ensemble return distribution exists in\nmost of the trading days with the exception of crash and rally days and of the\ndays subsequent to these extreme events. We analyze each ensemble return\ndistribution by extracting its first two central moments. We observe that these\nmoments are fluctuating in time and are stochastic processes themselves. We\ncharacterize the statistical properties of ensemble return distribution central\nmoments by investigating their probability density functions and temporal\ncorrelation properties. In general, time-averaged and portfolio-averaged price\nreturns have different statistical properties. We infer from these differences\ninformation about the relative strength of correlation between stocks and\nbetween different trading days. Lastly, we compare our empirical results with\nthose predicted by the single-index model and we conclude that this simple\nmodel is unable to explain the statistical properties of the second moment of\nthe ensemble return distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Travelling Salesman Problem with a Center: We study a travelling salesman problem where the path is optimized with a\ncost function that includes its length $L$ as well as a certain measure $C$ of\nits distance from the geometrical center of the graph. Using simulated\nannealing (SA) we show that such a problem has a transition point that\nseparates two phases differing in the scaling behaviour of $L$ and $C$, in\nefficiency of SA, and in the shape of minimal paths.",
        "positive": "The Simplest Piston Problem II: Inelastic Collisions: We study the dynamics of three particles in a finite interval, in which two\nlight particles are separated by a heavy ``piston'', with elastic collisions\nbetween particles but inelastic collisions between the light particles and the\ninterval ends. A symmetry breaking occurs in which the piston migrates near one\nend of the interval and performs small-amplitude periodic oscillations on a\nlogarithmic time scale. The properties of this dissipative limit cycle can be\nunderstood simply in terms of an effective restitution coefficient picture.\nMany dynamical features of the three-particle system closely resemble those of\nthe many-body inelastic piston problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Three-Particle Correlations in Liquid and Amorphous Aluminium: Analysis of three-particle correlations is performed on the basis of\nsimulation data of atomic dynamics in liquid and amorphous aluminium. A\nthree-particle correlation function is introduced to characterize the relative\npositions of various three particles -- the so-called triplets. Various\nconfigurations of triplets are found by calculation of pair and three-particle\ncorrelation functions. It was found that in the case of liquid aluminium with\ntemperatures $1000\\,$K, $1500\\,$K, and $2000\\,$K the three-particle\ncorrelations are more pronounced within the spatial scales, comparable with a\nsize of the second coordination sphere. In the case of amorphous aluminium with\ntemperatures $50\\,$K, $100\\,$K, and $150\\,$K these correlations in the mutual\narrangement of three particles are manifested up to spatial scales, which are\ncomparable with a size of the third coordination sphere. Temporal evolution of\nthree-particle correlations is analyzed by using a time-dependent\nthree-particle correlation function, for which an integro-differential equation\nof type of the generalized Langevin equation is output with help of projection\noperators technique. A solution of this equation by means of mode-coupling\ntheory is compared with our simulation results. It was found that this solution\ncorrectly reproduces the behavior of the time-dependent three-particle\ncorrelation functions for liquid and amorphous aluminium.",
        "positive": "Smallest Neural Network to Learn the Ising Criticality: Learning with an artificial neural network encodes the system behavior in a\nfeed-forward function with a number of parameters optimized by data-driven\ntraining. An open question is whether one can minimize the network complexity\nwithout loss of performance to reveal how and why it works. Here we investigate\nthe learning of the phase transition in the Ising model and find that having\ntwo hidden neurons can be enough for an accurate prediction of critical\ntemperature. We show that the networks learn the scaling dimension of the order\nparameter while being trained as a phase classifier, demonstrating how the\nmachine learning exploits the Ising universality to work for different lattices\nof the same criticality within a single set of trainings in one lattice\ngeometry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization of Coupled Oscillators -- Phase Transitions and\n  Entropies: Over the last half century the liquid-gas phase transition and the\nmagnetization phase transition have come to be well understood. After an order\nparameter, $r$, is defined, it can be derived how $r=0$ for $T>T_c$ and how $r\n\\propto (T_c - T)^\\gamma$ at lowest order for $T < T_c$. The value of $\\gamma$\nappears to not depend on physical details of the system, but very much on\ndimensionality. No phase transitions exist for one-dimensional systems. For\nsystems of four or more dimensions, each unit is interacting with sufficiently\nmany neighbors to warrant a mean-field approach. The mean-field approximation\nleads to $\\gamma = 1/2$. In this article we formulate a realistic system of\ncoupled oscillators. Each oscillator moves forward through a cyclic 1D array of\n$n$ states and the rate at which an oscillator proceeds from state $i$ to state\n$i+1$ depends on the populations in states $i+1$ and $i-1$. We study how the\nphase transitions occur from a homogeneous distribution over the states to a\nclustered distribution. A clustered distribution means that oscillators have\nsynchronized. We define an order parameter and we find that the critical\nexponent takes on the mean-field value of 1/2 for any $n$. However, as the\nnumber of states increases, the phase transition occurs for ever smaller values\nof $T_c$. We present rigorous mathematics and simple approximations to develop\nan understanding of the phase transitions in this system. We explain why and\nhow the critical exponent value of 1/2 is expected to be robust and we discuss\na wet-lab experimental setup to substantiate our findings.",
        "positive": "Fluctuations around equilibrium laws in ergodic continuous-time random\n  walks: We study occupation time statistics in ergodic continuous-time random walks.\nUnder thermal detailed balance conditions, the average occupation time is given\nby the Boltzmann-Gibbs canonical law. But close to the non-ergodic phase, the\nfinite-time fluctuations around this mean are large and nontrivial. They\nexhibit dual time scaling and distribution laws: the infinite density of large\nfluctuations complements the L\\'evy-stable density of bulk fluctuations.\nNeither of the two should be interpreted as a stand-alone limiting law, as each\nhas its own deficiency: the infinite density has an infinite norm (despite\nparticle conservation), while the stable distribution has an infinite variance\n(although occupation times are bounded). These unphysical divergences are\nremedied by consistent use and interpretation of both formulas. Interestingly,\nwhile the system's canonical equilibrium laws naturally determine the mean\noccupation time of the ergodic motion, they also control the infinite and\nL\\'evy-stable densities of fluctuations. The duality of stable and infinite\ndensities is in fact ubiquitous for these dynamics, as it concerns the time\naverages of general physical observables."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Atomtronics: ultracold atom analogs of electronic devices: Atomtronics focuses on atom analogs of electronic materials, devices and\ncircuits. A strongly interacting ultracold Bose gas in a lattice potential is\nanalogous to electrons in solid-state crystalline media. As a consequence of\nthe band structure, cold atoms in a lattice can exhibit insulator or conductor\nproperties. P-type and N-type material analogs can be created by introducing\nimpurity sites into the lattice. Current through an atomtronic wire is\ngenerated by connecting the wire to an atomtronic battery which maintains the\ntwo contacts at different chemical potentials. The design of an atomtronic\ndiode with a strongly asymmetric current-voltage curve exploits the existence\nof superfluid and insulating regimes in the phase diagram. The atomtronic\nanalog of a bipolar junction transistor exhibits large negative gain. Our\nresults provide the building blocks for more advanced atomtronic devices and\ncircuits such as amplifiers, oscillators and fundamental logic gates.",
        "positive": "Inverse transition in the two dimensional dipolar frustrated ferromagnet: We show that the mean field phase diagram of the dipolar frustrated\nferromagnet in an external field presents an inverse transition in the\nfield-temperature plane. The presence of this type of transition has recently\nbeen observed experimentally in ultrathin films of Fe/Cu(001). We study a\ncoarse-grained model Hamiltonian in two dimensions. The model supports stripe\nand bubble equilibrium phases, as well as the paramagnetic phase. At variance\nwith common expectations, already in a single mode approximation, the model\nshows a sequence of paramagnetic-bubbles-stripes-paramagnetic phase transitions\nupon lowering the temperature at fixed external field. Going beyond the single\nmode approximation leads to the shrinking of the bubbles phase, which is\nrestricted to a small region near the zero field critical temperature. Monte\nCarlo simulations results with a Heisenberg model are consistent with the mean\nfield results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Granular fingers in Hele-Shaw experiments: Granular materials constitute an intermediate state of matter between fluids\nand solids. Here we investigate the pattern formation when a grain is displaced\nby another type of grain in a radial Hele-Shaw cell. We show that several\nmorphologies can occur, ranging from rounded to fingered patterns,\ninterconnected by a continuous crossover. Fourier analyses shows that, in\ncontrast to the rounded patterns, the fingered shapes present mode selection.",
        "positive": "Critical dynamics of nonconserved $N$-vector model with anisotropic\n  nonequilibrium perturbations: We study dynamic field theories for nonconserving $N$-vector models that are\nsubject to spatial-anisotropic bias perturbations. We first investigate the\nconditions under which these field theories can have a single length scale.\nWhen N=2 or $N \\ge 4$, it turns out that there are no such field theories, and,\nhence, the corresponding models are pushed by the bias into the Ising class. We\nfurther construct nontrivial field theories for N=3 case with certain bias\nperturbations and analyze the renormalization-group flow equations. We find\nthat the three-component systems can exhibit rich critical behavior belonging\nto two different universality classes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Damage spreading in quasi-brittle disordered solids: II. What the\n  statistics of precursors teach us about compressive failure: We investigate numerically and theoretically the precursory intermittent\nactivity characterizing the preliminary phase of damage accumulation prior to\nfailure of quasi-brittle solids. We use a minimal but thermodynamically\nconsistent model of damage growth and localization developed by Berthier et al.\n(2017). The approach accounts for both microstructural disorder and non-local\ninteractions and permits inferring a complete scaling description of the\nspatio-temporal structure of failure precursors. By developing a theoretical\nmodel of damage growth in disordered elasto-damageable specimen, we demonstrate\nthat these scaling relations emerge from the physics of elastic manifolds\ndriven in disordered media, while the divergence of these quantities close to\nfailure is reminiscent of the loss of stability of the specimen at the\nlocalization threshold. Our study sorts out a long-standing debate on the\nnature of the compressive failure point and the origin of the universal\nstatistics of the precursors preceding it. Our analysis rules out a\ncritical-point scenario in which the divergence of the precursor size close to\nfailure is signature of a second-order phase transition governed by the\nmicrostructural disorder. Instead, we show that while the jerky evolution of\ndamage prior to failure results from the presence of material disorder, the\nlatter does not significantly change the nature of the localization process,\nwhich is an instability well described by standard bifurcation theory of\nhomogeneous systems. Finally, we harness our detailed understanding of the\nprecursory statistics to design a methodology to estimate the residual lifetime\nof a structure from the statistical analysis of precursors. This method\nrelevant for structural health monitoring is shown to perform rather accurately\non our data.",
        "positive": "Role of delay in the stochastic creation process: We develop an approximate theoretical method to study discrete stochastic\nbirth and death models that include a delay time. We analyze the effect of the\ndelay in the fluctuations of the system and obtain that it can qualitatively\nalter them. We also study the effect of distributed delay. We apply the method\nto a protein-dynamics model that explicitly includes transcription and\ntranslation delays. The theoretical model allows us to understand in a general\nway the interplay between stochasticity and delay."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging and domain growth in Potassium-Lithium Tantalate crystals: We present new experimental results on the dielectric constant in\norientational glasses K$_{1-x}$Li$_x$TaO$_3$ (KLT) with x < 0.05, together with\nthe detailed (analytic and numerical) study of a model which attributes the\nobserved aging to the motion of the wall of polarization domains. We show that\nthe dielectric constant after positive temperature jumps goes through a maximum\nas a function of the subsequent time. This observation and those previously\nreported (aging, cooling rate dependences, etc.) are compared with the\npredictions of the model, in which the variations of the dielectric constant\nare attributed to the change of polarization domain wall area. The total area\ndecreases by domain growth and increases by nucleation of new small domains\ninside the larger ones. These two opposite variations are both hindered by\nstatic random fields (equivalent to energy barriers) due to the frozen dipoles\nborne by the off-center Li+ ions. Many results are well explained by a model\nwith a single energy barrier. However, some effects can only be understood if a\nbroad distribution of energy barriers is assumed. We use the experimental data\nto determine this distribution and find it to be unimodal with a width\ncomparable to its most probable value.",
        "positive": "Cluster growth and dynamic scaling in a two-lane driven diffusive system: Using high precision Monte Carlo simulations and a mean-field theory, we\nexplore coarsening phenomena in a simple driven diffusive system. The model is\nreminiscent of vehicular traffic on a two-lane ring road. At sufficiently high\ndensity, the system develops jams (clusters) which coarsen with time. A key\nparameter is the passing probability, $\\gamma$. For small values of $\\gamma$,\nthe growing clusters display dynamic scaling, with a growth exponent of 2/3.\nFor larger values of $\\gamma$, the growth exponent must be adjusted, suggesting\nthe ordered (jammed) state is not a genuine phase but rather a finite size\neffect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Investigations into the characteristics and influences of nonequilibrium\n  evolution: In order to estimate qualitatively the influence of nonequilibrium evolution\nin relativistic heavy ion collisions, we use the three dimensional Ising model\nwith Metropolis algorithm to study the evolution from nonequilibrium to\nequilibrium on the phase boundary. The evolution of order parameter approaches\nits equilibrium value exponentially, the same as that given by Langevin\nequation. The average relaxation time is defined which is demonstrated to well\nrepresent the relaxation time in dynamical equations. It is shown that the\naverage relaxation time at critical temperature diverges as the zth power of\nsystem size. The third and the fourth cumulants of order parameter during the\nnonequilibrium evolution could be either positive or negative, depending on the\nobservation time, consistent with dynamical models at T > Tc. It is found that\nthe nonequilibrium evolution at T > Tc lasts very short, and the influence is\nweaker than that at T < Tc. Those qualitative features are instructive to\ndetermine experimentally the critical point and the phase boundary of QCD.",
        "positive": "Mean field effects in a trapped classical gas: In this article, we investigate mean field effects for a bosonic gas\nharmonically trapped above the transition temperature in the collisionless\nregime. We point out that those effects can play also a role in low dimensional\nsystem. Our treatment relies on the Boltzmann equation with the inclusion of\nthe mean field term.\n  The equilibrium state is first discussed. The dispersion relation for\ncollective oscillations (monopole, quadrupole, dipole modes) is then derived.\nIn particular, our treatment gives the frequency of the monopole mode in an\nisotropic and harmonic trap in the presence of mean field in all dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multidimensional persistence behaviour in an Ising system: We consider a periodic Ising chain with nearest-neighbour and $r$-th\nneighbour interaction and quench it from infinite temperature to zero\ntemperature. The persistence probability $P(t)$, measured as the probability\nthat a spin remains unflipped upto time $t$, is studied by computer simulation\nfor suitable values of $r$. We observe that as time progresses, $P(t)$ first\ndecays as $t^{-0.22}$ (-the {\\em first} regime), then the $P(t)-t$ curve has a\nsmall slope (in log-log scale) for some time (-the {\\em second} regime) and at\nlast it decays nearly as $t^{-3/8}$ (-the {\\em third} regime). We argue that in\nthe first regime, the persistence behaviour is the usual one for a\ntwo-dimensional system, in the second regime it is like that of a\nnon-interacting (`zero-dimensional') system and in the third regime the\npersistence behaviour is like that of a one dimensional Ising model. We also\nprovide explanations for such behaviour.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of interval fragmentation and asymptotic distributions: We study the general fragmentation process starting from one element of size\nunity (E=1). At each elementary step, each existing element of size $E$ can be\nfragmented into $k\\,(\\ge 2)$ elements with probability $p_k$. From the\ncontinuous time evolution equation, the size distribution function $P(E;t)$ can\nbe derived exactly in terms of the variable $z= -\\log E$, with or without a\nsource term that produces with rate $r$ additional elements of unit size.\nDifferent cases are probed, in particular when the probability of breaking an\nelement into $k$ elements follows a power law: $p_k\\propto k^{-1-\\eta}$. The\nasymptotic behavior of $P(E;t)$ for small $E$ (or large $z$) is determined\naccording to the value of $\\eta$. When $\\eta>1$, the distribution is\nasymptotically proportional to $t^{1/4}\\exp[\\sqrt{-\\alpha t\\log E}][-\\log\nE]^{-3/4}$ with $\\alpha$ being a positive constant, whereas for $\\eta<1$ it is\nproportional to $E^{\\eta-1}t^{1/4}\\exp[\\sqrt{-\\alpha t\\log E}][-\\log E]^{-3/4}$\nwith additional time-dependent corrections that are evaluated accurately with\nthe saddle-point method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic behaviour of two-dimensional vesicles revisited: We study pressurised self-avoiding ring polymers in two dimensions using\nMonte Carlo simulations, scaling arguments and Flory-type theories, through\nmodels which generalise the model of Leibler, Singh and Fisher [Phys. Rev.\nLett. Vol. 59, 1989 (1987)]. We demonstrate the existence of a thermodynamic\nphase transition at a non-zero scaled pressure $\\tilde{p}$, where $\\tilde{p} =\nNp/4\\pi$, with the number of monomers $N \\rightarrow \\infty$ and the pressure\n$p \\rightarrow 0$, keeping $\\tilde{p}$ constant, in a class of such models.\nThis transition is driven by bond energetics and can be either continuous or\ndiscontinuous. It can be interpreted as a shape transition in which the ring\npolymer takes the shape, above the critical pressure, of a regular N-gon whose\nsides scale smoothly with pressure, while staying unfaceted below this critical\npressure. In the general case, we argue that the transition is replaced by a\nsharp crossover. The area, however, scales with $N^2$ for all positive $p$ in\nall such models, consistent with earlier scaling theories.",
        "positive": "Interaction-Driven Equilibrium and Statistical Laws in Small Systems.\n  The Cerium Atom: It is shown that statistical mechanics is applicable to isolated quantum\nsystems with finite numbers of particles, such as complex atoms, atomic\nclusters, or quantum dots in solids, where the residual two-body interaction is\nsufficiently strong. This interaction mixes the unperturbed shell-model\n(Hartree-Fock) basis states and produces chaotic many-body eigenstates. As a\nresult, an interaction-induced statistical equilibrium emerges in the system.\nThis equilibrium is due to the off-diagonal matrix elements of the Hamiltonian.\nWe show that it can be described by means of temperature introduced through the\ncanonical-type distribution. However, the interaction between the particles can\nlead to prominent deviations of the equilibrium distribution of the occupation\nnumbers from the Fermi-Dirac shape. Besides that, the off-diagonal part of the\nHamiltonian gives rise to the increase of the effective temperature of the\nsystem (statistical effect of the interaction). For example, this takes place\nin the cerium atom which has four valence electrons and which is used in our\nwork to compare the theory with realistic numerical calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic Boundaries in Asymmetric Exclusion Processes: We investigate the dynamics of a one-dimensional asymmetric exclusion process\nwith Langmuir kinetics and a fluctuating wall. At the left boundary, particles\nare injected onto the lattice; from there, the particles hop to the right.\nAlong the lattice, particles can adsorb or desorb, and the right boundary is\ndefined by a wall particle. The confining wall particle has intrinsic forward\nand backward hopping, a net leftward drift, and cannot desorb. Performing Monte\nCarlo simulations and using a moving-frame finite segment approach coupled to\nmean field theory, we find the parameter regimes in which the wall acquires a\nsteady state position. In other regimes, the wall will either drift to the left\nand fall off the lattice at the injection site, or drift indefinitely to the\nright. Our results are discussed in the context of non-equilibrium phases of\nthe system, fluctuating boundary layers, and particle densities in the lab\nframe versus the frame of the fluctuating wall.",
        "positive": "Analytical Investigation of Innovation Dynamics Considering\n  Stochasticity in the Evaluation of Fitness: We investigate a selection-mutation model for the dynamics of technological\ninnovation,a special case of reaction-diffusion equations. Although mutations\nare assumed to increase the variety of technologies, not their average success\n(\"fitness\"), they are an essential prerequisite for innovation. Together with a\nselection of above-average technologies due to imitation behavior, they are the\n\"driving force\" for the continuous increase in fitness. We will give analytical\nsolutions for the probability distribution of technologies for special cases\nand in the limit of large times.\n  The selection dynamics is modelled by a \"proportional imitation\" of better\ntechnologies. However, the assessment of a technology's fitness may be\nimperfect and, therefore, vary stochastically. We will derive conditions, under\nwhich wrong assessment of fitness can accelerate the innovation dynamics, as it\nhas been found in some surprising numerical investigations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The relaxation dynamics of a simple glass former confined in a pore: We use molecular dynamics computer simulations to investigate the relaxation\ndynamics of a binary Lennard-Jones liquid confined in a narrow pore. We find\nthat the average dynamics is strongly influenced by the confinement in that\ntime correlation functions are much more stretched than in the bulk. By\ninvestigating the dynamics of the particles as a function of their distance\nfrom the wall, we can show that this stretching is due to a strong dependence\nof the relaxation time on this distance, i.e. that the dynamics is spatially\nvery heterogeneous. In particular we find that the typical relaxation time of\nthe particles close to the wall is orders of magnitude larger than the one of\nparticles in the center of the pore.",
        "positive": "Exact Results on Potts Model Partition Functions in a Generalized\n  External Field and Weighted-Set Graph Colorings: We present exact results on the partition function of the $q$-state Potts\nmodel on various families of graphs $G$ in a generalized external magnetic\nfield that favors or disfavors spin values in a subset $I_s = \\{1,...,s\\}$ of\nthe total set of possible spin values, $Z(G,q,s,v,w)$, where $v$ and $w$ are\ntemperature- and field-dependent Boltzmann variables. We remark on differences\nin thermodynamic behavior between our model with a generalized external\nmagnetic field and the Potts model with a conventional magnetic field that\nfavors or disfavors a single spin value. Exact results are also given for the\ninteresting special case of the zero-temperature Potts antiferromagnet,\ncorresponding to a set-weighted chromatic polynomial $Ph(G,q,s,w)$ that counts\nthe number of colorings of the vertices of $G$ subject to the condition that\ncolors of adjacent vertices are different, with a weighting $w$ that favors or\ndisfavors colors in the interval $I_s$. We derive powerful new upper and lower\nbounds on $Z(G,q,s,v,w)$ for the ferromagnetic case in terms of zero-field\nPotts partition functions with certain transformed arguments. We also prove\ngeneral inequalities for $Z(G,q,s,v,w)$ on different families of tree graphs.\nAs part of our analysis, we elucidate how the field-dependent Potts partition\nfunction and weighted-set chromatic polynomial distinguish, respectively,\nbetween Tutte-equivalent and chromatically equivalent pairs of graphs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimization of Network Robustness to Random Breakdowns: We study network configurations that provide optimal robustness to random\nbreakdowns for networks with a given number of nodes $N$ and a given\ncost--which we take as the average number of connections per node $\\kav$. We\nfind that the network design that maximizes $f_c$, the fraction of nodes that\nare randomly removed before global connectivity is lost, consists of\n$q=[(\\kav-1)/\\sqrt\\kav]\\sqrt N$ high degree nodes (``hubs'') of degree\n$\\sqrt{\\kav N}$ and $N-q$ nodes of degree 1. Also, we show that $1-f_c$\napproaches 0 as $1/\\sqrt N$--faster than any other network configuration\nincluding scale-free networks. We offer a simple heuristic argument to explain\nour results.",
        "positive": "General relation between drift velocity and dispersion of a molecular\n  motor: We model a processive linear molecular motor as a particle diffusing in a\none-dimensional periodic lattice with arbitrary transition rates between its\nsites. We present a relatively simple proof of a theorem which states that the\nratio of the drift velocity V to the diffusion coefficient D has the upper\nbound 2N/d, where N is the number of nodes in an elementary cell and d denotes\nits length. This relation can be used to estimate the minimal value of internal\nstates of the motor and the maximal value of the so called Einstein force,\nwhich approximately equals to the maximal force exerted by a molecular motor."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of a Ginzburg-Landau model with additive quenched\n  noise: We address a mean-field zero-temperature Ginzburg-Landau, or \\phi^4, model\nsubjected to quenched additive noise, which has been used recently as a\nframework for analyzing collective effects induced by diversity. We first make\nuse of a self-consistent theory to calculate the phase diagram of the system,\npredicting the onset of an order-disorder critical transition at a critical\nvalue {\\sigma}c of the quenched noise intensity \\sigma, with critical exponents\nthat follow Landau theory of thermal phase transitions. We subsequently perform\na numerical integration of the system's dynamical variables in order to compare\nthe analytical results (valid in the thermodynamic limit and associated to the\nground state of the global Lyapunov potential) with the stationary state of the\n(finite size) system. In the region of the parameter space where metastability\nis absent (and therefore the stationary state coincide with the ground state of\nthe Lyapunov potential), a finite-size scaling analysis of the order parameter\nfluctuations suggests that the magnetic susceptibility diverges quadratically\nin the vicinity of the transition, what constitutes a violation of the\nfluctuation-dissipation relation. We derive an effective Hamiltonian and\naccordingly argue that its functional form does not allow to straightforwardly\nrelate the order parameter fluctuations to the linear response of the system,\nat odds with equilibrium theory. In the region of the parameter space where the\nsystem is susceptible to have a large number of metastable states (and\ntherefore the stationary state does not necessarily correspond to the ground\nstate of the global Lyapunov potential), we numerically find a phase diagram\nthat strongly depends on the initial conditions of the dynamical variables.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Formalism of the Harmonic Measure of Diffusion Limited\n  Aggregates: Phase Transition and Converged $f(\u03b1)$: We study the nature of the phase transition in the multifractal formalism of\nthe harmonic measure of Diffusion Limited Aggregates (DLA). Contrary to\nprevious work that relied on random walk simulations or ad-hoc models to\nestimate the low probability events of deep fjord penetration, we employ the\nmethod of iterated conformal maps to obtain an accurate computation of the\nprobability of the rarest events. We resolve probabilities as small as\n$10^{-70}$. We show that the generalized dimensions $D_q$ are infinite for\n$q<q^*$, where $q^*= -0.17\\pm 0.02$. In the language of $f(\\alpha)$ this means\nthat $\\alpha_{max}$ is finite. We present a converged $f(\\alpha)$ curve."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exponential Families and MaxEnt Calculations for Entropy Measures of\n  Statistical Physics: For a wide range of entropy measures, easy calculation of equilibria is\npossible using a principle of Game Theoretical Equilibrium related to Jaynes\nMaximum Entropy Principle. This follows previous work of the author and relates\nto works of Naudts and, partly, Abe and Bagci.",
        "positive": "Spectral theory of diffusion in partially absorbing media: A probabilistic framework for studying single-particle diffusion in partially\nabsorbing media has recently been developed in terms of an encounter-based\napproach. The latter computes the joint probability density (generalized\npropagator) for particle position $\\X_t$ and a Brownian functional ${\\mathcal\nU}_t$ that specifies the amount of time the particle is in contact with a\nreactive component $\\calM$. Absorption occurs as soon as $\\calU_t$ crosses a\nrandomly distributed threshold (stopping time). Laplace transforming the\npropagator with respect to $\\calU_t$ leads to a classical boundary value\nproblem (BVP) in which the reactive component has a constant rate of absorption\n$z$, where $z$ is the corresponding Laplace variable. Hence, a crucial step in\nthe encounter-based approach is finding the inverse Laplace transform. In the\ncase of a reactive boundary $\\partial \\calM$, this can be achieved by solving a\nclassical Robin BVP in terms of the spectral decomposition of a\nDirichlet-to-Neumann operator. In this paper we develop the analogous\nconstruction in the case of a reactive substrate $\\calM$. In particular, we\nshow that the Laplace transformed propagator can be computed in terms of the\nspectral decomposition of a pair of Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators. However,\ninverting the Laplace transform with respect to $z$ is more involved. We\nillustrate the theory by considering a 1D example where the\nDirichlet-to-Neumann operators reduce to scalars."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On Principles of Emergent Organization: After more than a century of concerted effort, physics still lacks basic\nprinciples of spontaneous self-organization. To appreciate why, we first state\nthe problem, outline historical approaches, and survey the present state of the\nphysics of self-organization. This frames the particular challenges arising\nfrom mathematical intractability and the resulting need for computational\napproaches, as well as those arising from a chronic failure to define\nstructure. Then, an overview of two modern mathematical formulations of\norganization -- intrinsic computation and evolution operators -- lays out a way\nto overcome these challenges. Together, the vantage point they afford shows how\nto account for the emergence of structured states via a statistical mechanics\nof systems arbitrarily far from equilibrium. The result is a constructive path\nforward to principles of organization that builds on mathematical\nidentification of structure.",
        "positive": "Real Roots of Random Polynomials and Zero Crossing Properties of\n  Diffusion Equation: We study various statistical properties of real roots of three different\nclasses of random polynomials which recently attracted a vivid interest in the\ncontext of probability theory and quantum chaos. We first focus on gap\nprobabilities on the real axis, i.e. the probability that these polynomials\nhave no real root in a given interval. For generalized Kac polynomials, indexed\nby an integer d, of large degree n, one finds that the probability of no real\nroot in the interval [0,1] decays as a power law n^{-\\theta(d)} where \\theta(d)\n> 0 is the persistence exponent of the diffusion equation with random initial\nconditions in spatial dimension d. For n \\gg 1 even, the probability that they\nhave no real root on the full real axis decays like\nn^{-2(\\theta(2)+\\theta(d))}. For Weyl polynomials and Binomial polynomials,\nthis probability decays respectively like \\exp{(-2\\theta_{\\infty}} \\sqrt{n})\nand \\exp{(-\\pi \\theta_{\\infty} \\sqrt{n})} where \\theta_{\\infty} is such that\n\\theta(d) = 2^{-3/2} \\theta_{\\infty} \\sqrt{d} in large dimension d. We also\nshow that the probability that such polynomials have exactly k roots on a given\ninterval [a,b] has a scaling form given by \\exp{(-N_{ab} \\tilde\n\\phi(k/N_{ab}))} where N_{ab} is the mean number of real roots in [a,b] and\n\\tilde \\phi(x) a universal scaling function. We develop a simple Mean Field\n(MF) theory reproducing qualitatively these scaling behaviors, and improve\nsystematically this MF approach using the method of persistence with partial\nsurvival, which in some cases yields exact results. Finally, we show that the\nprobability density function of the largest absolute value of the real roots\nhas a universal algebraic tail with exponent {-2}. These analytical results are\nconfirmed by detailed numerical computations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Maximum Entropy principle and the nature of fractals: We apply the Principle of Maximum Entropy to the study of a general class of\ndeterministic fractal sets. The scaling laws peculiar to these objects are\naccounted for by means of a constraint concerning the average content of\ninformation in those patterns. This constraint allows for a new statistical\ncharacterization of fractal objects and fractal dimension.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions with infinitely many absorbing states in complex\n  networks: We instigate the properties of the threshold contact process (TCP), a process\nshowing an absorbing-state phase transition with infinitely many absorbing\nstates, on random complex networks. The finite size scaling exponents\ncharacterizing the transition are obtained in a heterogeneous mean field (HMF)\napproximation and compared with extensive simulations, particularly in the case\nof heterogeneous scale-free networks. We observe that the TCP exhibits the same\ncritical properties as the contact process (CP), which undergoes an\nabsorbing-state phase transition to a single absorbing state. The accordance\namong the critical exponents of different models and networks leads to\nconjecture that the critical behavior of the contact process in a HMF theory is\na universal feature of absorbing state phase transitions in complex networks,\ndepending only on the locality of the interactions and independent of the\nnumber of absorbing states. The conditions for the applicability of the\nconjecture are discussed considering a parallel with the\nsusceptible-infected-susceptible epidemic spreading model, which in fact\nbelongs to a different universality class in complex networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free expansion of impenetrable bosons on one-dimensional optical\n  lattices: We review recent exact results for the free expansion of impenetrable bosons\non one-dimensional lattices, after switching off a confining potential. When\nthe system is initially in a superfluid state, far from the regime in which the\nMott-insulator appears in the middle of the trap, the momentum distribution of\nthe expanding bosons rapidly approaches the momentum distribution of\nnoninteracting fermions. Remarkably, no loss in coherence is observed in the\nsystem as reflected by a large occupation of the lowest eigenstate of the\none-particle density matrix. In the opposite limit, when the initial system is\na pure Mott insulator with one particle per lattice site, the expansion leads\nto the emergence of quasicondensates at finite momentum. In this case,\none-particle correlations like the ones shown to be universal in the\nequilibrium case develop in the system. We show that the out-of-equilibrium\nbehavior of the Shannon information entropy in momentum space, and its contrast\nwith the one of noninteracting fermions, allows to differentiate the two\ndifferent regimes of interest. It also helps in understanding the crossover\nbetween them.",
        "positive": "L\u00e9vy walk dynamics in an external harmonic potential: L\\'evy walks (LWs) are spatiotemporally coupled random-walk processes\ndescribing superdiffusive heat conduction in solids, propagation of light in\ndisordered optical materials, motion of molecular motors in living cells, or\nmotion of animals, humans, robots, and viruses. We here investigate a key\nfeature of LWs, their response to an external harmonic potential. In this\ngeneric setting for confined motion we demonstrate that LWs equilibrate\nexponentially and may assume a bimodal stationary distribution. We also show\nthat the stationary distribution has a horizontal slope next to a reflecting\nboundary placed at the origin, in contrast to correlated superdiffusive\nprocesses. Our results generalize LWs to confining forces and settle some\nlong-standing puzzles around LWs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Scaling Approach to Nonequilibrium Models: Stochastic nonequilibrium exclusion models are treated using a real space\nscaling approach. The method exploits the mapping between nonequilibrium and\nquantum systems, and it is developed to accommodate conservation laws and\nduality symmetries, yielding exact fixed points for a variety of exclusion\nmodels. In addition, it is shown how the asymmetric simple exclusion process in\none dimension can be written in terms of a classical Hamiltonian in two\ndimensions using a Suzuki-Trotter decomposition.",
        "positive": "Adaptation using hybridized genetic crossover strategies: We present a simple game which mimics the complex dynamics found in most\nnatural and social systems. Intelligent players modify their strategies\nperiodically, depending on their performances. We propose that the agents use\nhybridized one-point genetic crossover mechanism,inspired by genetic evolution\nin biology, to modify the strategies and replace the bad strategies. We study\nthe performances of the agents under different conditions and investigate how\nthey adapt themselves in order to survive or be the best, by finding new\nstrategies using the highly effective mechanism we proposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics and Rate Thermodynamics: Approach of mesoscopic state variables to time independent equilibrium sates\n(zero law of thermodynamics) gives birth to the classical equilibrium\nthermodynamics. Approach of fluxes and forces to fixed points (equilibrium\nfluxes and forces) that drive reduced mesoscopic dynamics gives birth to the\nrate thermodynamics that is applicable to driven systems. We formulate the rate\nthermodynamics and dynamics, investigate its relation to the classical\nthermodynamics, to extensions involving more details, to the hierarchy\nreformulations of dynamical theories, and to the Onsager variational principle.\nWe also compare thermodynamic and dynamic critical behavior observed in closed\nand open systems. Dynamics and thermodynamics of the van der Waals gas provides\nan illustration.",
        "positive": "The Eight Vertex Model.New results: Whereas the tools to determine the eigenvalues of the eight-vertex transfer\nmatrix T are well known there has been until recently incomplete knowledge\nabout the eigenvectors of T. We describe the construction of eigenvectors of T\ncorresponding to degenerate eigenvalues and discuss the related hidden elliptic\nsymmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strengthened Lindblad inequality: applications in non equilibrium\n  thermodynamics and quantum information theory: A strengthened Lindblad inequality has been proved. We have applied this\nresult for proving a generalized $H$-theorem in non equilibrium thermodynamics.\nInformation processing also can be considered as some thermodynamic process.\n  From this point of view we have proved a strengthened data processing\ninequality in quantum information theory.",
        "positive": "Relativistic kinetic theory: toward the microscopic substantiation of\n  zeroth law of thermodynamics: An exact closed relativistic kinetic equation is derived for a system of\nidentical classical particles interacting with each other through a scalar\nfield. The microscopic deterministic mechanism of the irreversible\nequilibration process in a relativistic classical system of interacting\nparticles has been established. Keywords: Irreversible equilibration process;\nClassical relativistic dynamics; Retarded interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalies, absence of local equilibrium and universality in 1-d\n  particles systems: One dimensional systems are under intense investigation, both from\ntheoretical and experimental points of view, since they have rather peculiar\ncharacteristics which are of both conceptual and technological interest. We\nanalyze the dependence of the behaviour of one dimensional, time reversal\ninvariant, nonequilibrium systems on the parameters defining their microscopic\ndynamics. In particular, we consider chains of identical oscillators\ninteracting via hard core elastic collisions and harmonic potentials, driven by\nboundary Nos\\'e-Hoover thermostats. Their behaviour mirrors qualitatively that\nof stochastically driven systems, showing that anomalous properties are typical\nof physics in one dimension. Chaos, by itslef, does not lead to standard\nbehaviour, since it does not guarantee local thermodynamic equilibrium. A\nlinear relation is found between density fluctuations and temperature profiles.\nThis link and the temporal asymmetry of fluctuations of the main observables\nare robust against modifications of thermostat parameters and against\nperturbations of the dynamics.",
        "positive": "Symmetry Breaking and Convex Set Phase Diagrams for the q-state Potts\n  Model: We demonstrate that the occurrence of symmetry breaking phase transitions\ntogether with the emergence of a local order parameter in classical statistical\nphysics is a consequence of the geometrical structure of probability space. To\nthis end we investigate convex sets generated by expectation values of certain\nobservables with respect to all possible probability distributions of classical\nq-state spins on a two-dimensional lattice, for several values of q. The\nextreme points of these sets are then given by thermal Gibbs states of the\nclassical q-state Potts model. As symmetry breaking phase transitions and the\nemergence of associated order parameters are signaled by the appearance ruled\nsurfaces on these sets, this implies that symmetry breaking is ultimately a\nconsequence of the geometrical structure of probability space. In particular we\nidentify the different features arising for continuous and first order phase\ntransitions and show how to obtain critical exponents and susceptibilities from\nthe geometrical shape of the surface set. Such convex sets thus also constitute\na novel and very intuitive way of constructing phase diagrams for many body\nsystems, as all thermodynamically relevant quantities can be very naturally\nread off from these sets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ising model on a $restricted$ scale-free network: The Ising model on a $restricted$ scale-free network (SFN) has been studied\nemploying Monte Carlo simulations. This network is described by a power-law\ndegree distribution in the form $P(k)~k^{-\\alpha}$, and is called restricted,\nbecause independently of the network size, we always have fixed the maximum\n$k_{m}$ and a minimum $k_{0}$ degree on distribution, being that for it, we\nonly limit the minimum network size of the system. We calculated the\nthermodynamic quantities of the system, such as, the magnetization per spin\n$\\textrm{m}_{\\textrm{L}}$, the magnetic susceptibility $\\chi_{\\textrm{L}}$, and\nthe reduced fourth-order Binder cumulant $\\textrm{U}_{\\textrm{L}}$, as a\nfunction of temperature $T$ for several values of lattice size $N$ and exponent\n$1\\le\\alpha\\le5$. For the values of $\\alpha$, we have obtained the finite\ncritical points due to we also have finite second and fourth moments in the\ndegree distribution, and the phase diagram was constructed for the equilibrium\nstates of the model in the plane $T$ versus $k_{0}$, $k_{m}$, and $\\alpha$,\nshowing a transition between the ferromagnetic $F$ to paramagnetic $P$ phases.\nUsing the finite-size scaling (FSS) theory, we also have obtained the critical\nexponents for the system, and a mean-field critical behavior is observed.",
        "positive": "Branching annihilating random walks with parity conservation on a square\n  lattice: Using Monte Carlo simulations we have studied the transition from an \"active\"\nsteady state to an absorbing \"inactive\" state for two versions of the branching\nannihilating random walks with parity conservation on a square lattice. In the\nfirst model the randomly walking particles annihilate when they meet and the\nbranching process creates two additional particles; in the second case we\ndistinguish particles and antiparticles created and annihilated in pairs. Quite\ndistinct critical behavior is found in the two cases, raising the question of\nwhat determines universality in this kind of systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium steady-state Kubo formula: equality of transport\n  coefficients: We address the question of whether transport coefficients obtained from a\nunitary closed system setting, i.e., the standard equilibrium Green-Kubo\nformula, are the same as the ones obtained from a weakly driven nonequilibrium\nsteady-state calculation. We first derive a nonequilibrium Kubo-like expression\nfor the steady-state diffusion constant expressed as a time-integral of either\na current or a conserved density nonequilibrium correlation function. This\nexpression has certain advantages over the equilibrium Green-Kubo formula, but\nis not clear if it gives the same value of the diffusion constant. We then\nrigorously show that, if the unitary dynamics is diffusive the nonequilibrium\nformula indeed gives exactly the same transport coefficient. The form of\nfinite-size correction is also predicted. Theoretical results are verified by\nan explicit calculation of the diffusion constant in several interacting\nmany-body models.",
        "positive": "Correlations and dynamics of spins in an XY-like spin-glass\n  (Ni0.4Mn0.6)TiO3 single crystal system: Elastic and inelastic neutron scattering (ENS and INS) experiments were\nperformed on a single crystal of (Ni0.4Mn0.6)TiO3 (NMTO) to study the spatial\ncorrelations and dynamics of spins in the XY-like spin-glass (SG) state.\nMagnetization measurements reveal signatures of SG behavior in NMTO with a\nfreezing temperature of TSG ~ 9.1 K. The ENS experiments indicated that the\nintensity of magnetic diffuse scattering starts to increase around 12 K, which\nis close to TSG. Also, spin-spin correlation lengths (zeta) at 1.5 K are\napproximately (21) and (73) angstrom in the interlayer and the in-plane\ndirections, respectively, demonstrating that magnetic correlations in NMTO\nexhibit quasi two-dimensional antiferromagnetic order. In addition, critical\nexponent (beta) is determined to be 0.37 from the intensity of magnetic diffuse\nscattering confirms the XY-like SG state of NMTO. INS results show\nquasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) profiles below TSG. The life-time of\ndynamic correlations obtained from the half width at half maximum of the\nLorentzian QENS profiles, are approximately 16 and 16 ps at 10 K for two\npositions (0.00, 0.00, 1.52) and (0.01, 0.01, 1.50), respectively. Therefore,\nour experimental findings demonstrate that short-range-ordered\nantiferromagnetic clusters with short-lived spin correlations are present in\nthe XY-like SG state of NMTO."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional exclusion statistics in general systems with interaction: I show that fractional exclusion statistics (FES) is manifested in general\ninteracting systems and I calculate the exclusion statistics parameters. Most\nimportantly, I show that the mutual exclusion statistics parameters--when the\npresence of particles in one Hilbert space influences the dimension of another\nHilbert space--are proportional to the dimension of the Hilbert space on which\nthey act. This result, although surprising and different from the usual way of\nunderstanding the FES, renders this statistics consistent and valid in the\nthermodynamic limit, in accordance with the conjucture introduced in J. Phys.\nA: Math. Theor. 40, F1013 (2007).",
        "positive": "Universal First-Passage-Time Distribution of Non-Gaussian Currents: We investigate the fluctuations of the time elapsed until the electric charge\ntransferred through a conductor reaches a given threshold value. For this\npurpose, we measure the distribution of the first-passage times for the net\nnumber of electrons transferred between two metallic islands in the Coulomb\nblockade regime. Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with\nnumerical calculations based on a recent theory describing the exact\nfirst-passage-time distributions for any non-equilibrium stationary Markov\nprocess. We also derive a simple analytical approximation for the\nfirst-passage-time distribution, which takes into account the non-Gaussian\nstatistics of the electron transport, and show that it describes the\nexperimental distributions with high accuracy. This universal approximation\ndescribes a wide class of stochastic processes and can be used beyond the\ncontext of mesoscopic charge transport. In addition, we verify experimentally a\nfluctuation relation between the first-passage-time distributions for positive\nand negative thresholds."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Meta-work and the analogous Jarzynski relation in ensembles of dynamical\n  trajectories: Recently there has been growing interest in extending the thermodynamic\nmethod from static configurations to dynamical trajectories. In this approach,\nensembles of trajectories are treated in an analogous manner to ensembles of\nconfigurations in equilibrium statistical mechanics: generating functions of\ndynamical observables are interpreted as partition sums, and the statistical\nproperties of trajectory ensembles are encoded in free-energy functions that\ncan be obtained through large-deviation methods in a suitable large time limit.\nThis establishes what one can call a 'thermodynamics of trajectories'. In this\npaper we go a step further, and make a first connection to fluctuation theorems\nby generalising them to this dynamical context. We show that an effective\n'meta-dynamics' in the space of trajectories gives rise to the celebrated\nJarzynski relation connecting an appropriately defined 'meta-work' with changes\nin dynamical generating functions. We demonstrate the potential applicability\nof this result to computer simulations for two open quantum systems, a\ntwo-level system and the micromaser. We finally discuss the behavior of the\nJarzynski relation across a first-order trajectory phase transition.",
        "positive": "Entropy production in phase field theories: Allen-Cahn (Ginzburg-Landau) dynamics for scalar fields with heat conduction\nis treated in rigid bodies using a non-equilibrium thermodynamic framework with\nweakly nonlocal internal variables. The entropy production and entropy flux is\ncalculated with the classical method of irreversible thermodynamics by\nseparating full divergences."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The influence of measurement error on Maxwell's demon: In any general cycle of measurement, feedback and erasure, the measurement\nwill reduce the entropy of the system when information about the state is\nobtained, while erasure, according to Landauer's principle, is accompanied by a\ncorresponding increase in entropy due to the compression of logical and\nphysical phase space. The total process can in principle be fully reversible. A\nmeasurement error reduces the information obtained and the entropy decrease in\nthe system. The erasure still gives the same increase in entropy and the total\nprocess is irreversible. Another consequence of measurement error is that a bad\nfeedback is applied, which further increases the entropy production if the\nproper protocol adapted to the expected error rate is not applied. We consider\nthe effect of measurement error on a realistic single-electron box Szilard\nengine. We find the optimal protocol for the cycle as a function of the desired\npower $P$ and error $\\epsilon$, as well as the existence of a maximal power\n$P^{\\max}$.",
        "positive": "Time-dependent coupled cluster theory on the Keldysh contour for\n  non-equilibrium systems: We leverage the Keldysh formalism to extend our implementation of finite\ntemperature coupled cluster theory [\\textit{J. Chem. Theory Comput.} 2018,\n\\textit{14}, 5690-5700] to thermal systems that have been driven out of\nequilibrium. The resulting Keldysh coupled cluster theory is discussed in\ndetail. We describe the implementation of the equations necessary to perform\nKeldysh coupled cluster singles and doubles calculations of finite temperature\ndynamics, and we apply the method to some simple systems including a Hubbard\nmodel with a Peierls phase and an {\\it ab initio} model of warm-dense silicon\nsubject to an ultrafact XUV pulse."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Formation of fundamental structures in Bose-Einstein Condensates: The meanfield interaction in a Bose condensate provides a nonlinearity which\ncan allow stable structures to exist in the meanfield wavefunction. We discuss\na number of examples where condensates, modelled by the one dimensional Gross\nPitaevskii equation, can produce gray solitons and we consider in detail the\ncase of two identical condensates colliding in a harmonic trap. Solitons are\nshown to form from dark interference fringes when the soliton structure,\nconstrained in a defined manner, has lower energy than the interference fringe\nand an analytic expression is given for this condition.",
        "positive": "Most stable structure for hard spheres: The hard sphere model is known to show a liquid-solid phase transition, with\nthe solid expected to be either face centered cubic or hexagonal close packed.\nThe difference in free energy between the two structures is very small and\nvarious attempts have been made to determine which one is the more stable. We\ncontrast the different approaches and extend one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Columnar Phase in Quantum Dimer Models: The quantum dimer model, relevant for short-range resonant valence bond\nphysics, is rigorously shown to have long range order in a crystalline phase in\nthe attractive case at low temperature and not too large flipping term. This\nterm flips horizontal dimer pairs to vertical pairs (and vice versa) and is\nresponsible for the word `quantum' in the title. In addition to the dimers,\nmonomers are also allowed. The mathematical method used is `reflection\npositivity'. The model and proof can easily be generalized to dimers or\nplaquettes in 3-dimensions.",
        "positive": "Relaxation of the thermal Casimir force between net neutral plates\n  containing Brownian charges: We investigate the dynamics of thermal Casimir interactions between plates\ndescribed within a living conductor model, with embedded mobile anions and\ncations, whose density field obeys a stochastic partial differential equation\nwhich can be derived starting from the Langevin equations of the individual\nparticles. This model describes the thermal Casimir interaction in the same way\nthat the fluctuating dipole model describes van der Waals interactions. The\nmodel is analytically solved in a Debye-H\\\"uckel-like approximation. We\nidentify several limiting dynamical regimes where the time dependence of the\nthermal Casimir interactions can be obtained explicitly. Most notably we find a\nregime with diffusive scaling, even though the charges are confined to the\nplates and do not diffuse into the intervening space, which makes the diffusive\nscaling difficult to anticipate and quite unexpected on physical grounds."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Charting the Topography of the Neural Network Landscape with\n  Thermal-Like Noise: The training of neural networks is a complex, high-dimensional, non-convex\nand noisy optimization problem whose theoretical understanding is interesting\nboth from an applicative perspective and for fundamental reasons. A core\nchallenge is to understand the geometry and topography of the landscape that\nguides the optimization. In this work, we employ standard Statistical Mechanics\nmethods, namely, phase-space exploration using Langevin dynamics, to study this\nlandscape for an over-parameterized fully connected network performing a\nclassification task on random data. Analyzing the fluctuation statistics, in\nanalogy to thermal dynamics at a constant temperature, we infer a clear\ngeometric description of the low-loss region. We find that it is a\nlow-dimensional manifold whose dimension can be readily obtained from the\nfluctuations. Furthermore, this dimension is controlled by the number of data\npoints that reside near the classification decision boundary. Importantly, we\nfind that a quadratic approximation of the loss near the minimum is\nfundamentally inadequate due to the exponential nature of the decision boundary\nand the flatness of the low-loss region. This causes the dynamics to sample\nregions with higher curvature at higher temperatures, while producing\nquadratic-like statistics at any given temperature. We explain this behavior by\na simplified loss model which is analytically tractable and reproduces the\nobserved fluctuation statistics.",
        "positive": "Nonmonotonic External Field Dependence of the Magnetization in a Finite\n  Ising Model: Theory and MC Simulation: Using $\\phi^4$ field theory and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation we investigate\nthe finite-size effects of the magnetization $M$ for the three-dimensional\nIsing model in a finite cubic geometry with periodic boundary conditions. The\nfield theory with infinite cutoff gives a scaling form of the equation of state\n$h/M^\\delta = f(hL^{\\beta\\delta/\\nu}, t/h^{1/\\beta\\delta})$ where\n$t=(T-T_c)/T_c$ is the reduced temperature, $h$ is the external field and $L$\nis the size of system. Below $T_c$ and at $T_c$ the theory predicts a\nnonmonotonic dependence of $f(x,y)$ with respect to $x \\equiv\nhL^{\\beta\\delta/\\nu}$ at fixed $y \\equiv t/h^{1/\\beta \\delta}$ and a crossover\nfrom nonmonotonic to monotonic behaviour when $y$ is further increased. These\nresults are confirmed by MC simulation. The scaling function $f(x,y)$ obtained\nfrom the field theory is in good quantitative agreement with the finite-size MC\ndata. Good agreement is also found for the bulk value $f(\\infty,0)$ at $T_c$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relationship between vibrations and dynamical heterogeneity in a model\n  glass former: extended soft modes but local relaxation: We study the relation between short-time vibrational modes and long-time\nrelaxational dynamics in a kinetically constrained lattice gas with harmonic\ninteractions between neighbouring particles. We find a correlation between the\nlocation of the low (high) frequency vibrational modes and regions of high\n(low) propensity for motion. This is similar to what was observed in continuous\nforce systems, but our interpretation is different: in our case relaxation is\ndue to localised excitations which propagate through the system; these\nlocalised excitations act as background disorder for the elastic network,\ngiving rise to anomalous vibrational modes. Our results show that a correlation\nbetween spatially extended low frequency modes and high propensity regions does\nnot imply that relaxational dynamics originates in extended soft modes. We\nconsider other measures of elastic heterogeneity, such as non-affine\ndisplacement fields and mode localisation lengths, and discuss implications of\nour results to interpretations of dynamic heterogeneity more generally.",
        "positive": "Static approach to renormalization group analysis of stochastic models\n  with spatially quenched disorder: A new ''static'' renormalization group approach to stochastic models of\nfluctuating surfaces with spatially quenched noise is proposed in which only\ntime-independent quantities are involved. As examples, quenched versions of the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang model and its Pavlik's modification, the Hwa-Kardar model\nof self-organized criticality, and Pastor-Satorras-Rothman model of landscape\nerosion are studied. It is shown that the upper critical dimension in the\nquenched models is shifted by two units upwards in comparison to their\ncounterparts with white in-time noise. Possible scaling regimes associated with\nfixed points of the renormalization group equations are found and the critical\nexponents are derived to the leading order of the corresponding\nepsilon-expansions. Some exact values and relations for these exponents are\nobtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density and Correlation functions of vortex and saddle points in open\n  billiard systems: We present microwave measurements for the density and spatial correlation of\ncurrent critical points in an open billiard system, and compare them with the\npredictions of the Random Wave Model (RWM). In particular, due to a novel\nimprovement of the experimental set-up, we determine experimentally the spatial\ncorrelation of saddle points of the current field. An asymptotic expression for\nthe vortex-saddle and saddle-saddle correlation functions based on the RWM is\nderived, with experiment and theory agreeing well. We also derive an expression\nfor the density of saddle points in the presence of a straight boundary with\ngeneral mixed boundary conditions in the RWM, and compare with experimental\nmeasurements of the vortex and saddle density in the vicinity of a straight\nwall satisfying Dirichlet conditions.",
        "positive": "Dynamical computation of the density of states and Bayes factors using\n  nonequilibrium importance sampling: Nonequilibrium sampling is potentially much more versatile than its\nequilibrium counterpart, but it comes with challenges because the invariant\ndistribution is not typically known when the dynamics breaks detailed balance.\nHere, we derive a generic importance sampling technique that leverages the\nstatistical power of configurations transported by nonequilibrium trajectories,\nand can be used to compute averages with respect to arbitrary target\ndistributions. As a dissipative reweighting scheme, the method can be viewed in\nrelation to the annealed importance sampling (AIS) method and the related\nJarzynski equality. Unlike AIS, our approach gives an unbiased estimator, with\nprovably lower variance than directly estimating the average of an observable.\nWe also establish a direct relation between a dynamical quantity, the\ndissipation, and the volume of phase space, from which we can compute\nquantities such as the density of states and Bayes factors. We illustrate the\nproperties of estimators relying on this sampling technique in the context of\ndensity of state calculations, showing that it scales favorable with\ndimensionality -- in particular, we show that it can be used to compute the\nphase diagram of the mean-field Ising model from a single nonequilibrium\ntrajectory. We also demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the approach\nwith an application to a Bayesian model comparison problem of the type\nencountered in astrophysics and machine learning."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evolutionary design of non-frustrated networks of phase-repulsive\n  oscillators: Evolutionary optimisation algorithm is employed to design networks of\nphase-repulsive oscillators that achieve an anti-phase synchronised state. By\nintroducing the link frustration, the evolutionary process is implemented by\nrewiring the links with probability proportional to their frustration, until\nthe final network displaying a unique non-frustrated dynamical state is\nreached. Resulting networks are bipartite and with zero clustering. In\naddition, the designed non-frustrated anti-phase synchronised networks display\na clear topological scale. This contrasts usually studied cases of networks\nwith phase-attractive dynamics, whose performance towards full synchronisation\nis typically enhanced by the presence of a topological hierarchy.",
        "positive": "Machine-Learning Studies on Spin Models: With the recent developments in machine learning, Carrasquilla and Melko have\nproposed a paradigm that is complementary to the conventional approach for the\nstudy of spin models. As an alternative to investigating the thermal average of\nmacroscopic physical quantities, they have used the spin configurations for the\nclassification of the disordered and ordered phases of a phase transition\nthrough machine learning. We extend and generalize this method. We focus on the\nconfiguration of the long-range correlation function instead of the spin\nconfiguration itself, which enables us to provide the same treatment to\nmulti-component systems and the systems with a vector order parameter. We\nanalyze the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition with the same\ntechnique to classify three phases: the disordered, the BKT, and the ordered\nphases. We also present the classification of a model using the training data\nof a different model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-time fluctuations in the degree statistics of growing networks: This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the degree statistics in\nmodels for growing networks where new nodes enter one at a time and attach to\none earlier node according to a stochastic rule. The models with uniform\nattachment, linear attachment (the Barab\\'asi-Albert model), and generalized\npreferential attachment with initial attractiveness are successively\nconsidered. The main emphasis is on finite-size (i.e., finite-time) effects,\nwhich are shown to exhibit different behaviors in three regimes of the\nsize-degree plane: stationary, finite-size scaling, large deviations.",
        "positive": "Roundabout relaxation: collective excitation requires a detour to\n  equilibrium: Relaxation to equilibrium after strong and collective excitation is studied,\nby using a Hamiltonian dynamical system of one dimensional XY model. After an\nexcitation of a domain of $K$ elements, the excitation is concentrated to fewer\nelements, which are made farther away from equilibrium, and the excitation\nintensity increases logarithmically with $K$. Equilibrium is reached only after\ntaking this ``roundabout'' route, with the time for relaxation diverging\nasymptotically as $K^\\gamma$ with $\\gamma \\approx 4.2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of self-gravitating systems: Self-gravitating systems are expected to reach a statistical equilibrium\nstate either through collisional relaxation or violent collisionless\nrelaxation. However, a maximum entropy state does not always exist and the\nsystem may undergo a ``gravothermal catastrophe'': it can achieve ever\nincreasing values of entropy by developing a dense and hot ``core'' surrounded\nby a low density ``halo''. In this paper, we study the phase transition between\n``equilibrium'' states and ``collapsed'' states with the aid of a simple\nrelaxation equation [Chavanis, Sommeria and Robert, Astrophys. J. 471, 385\n(1996)] constructed so as to increase entropy with an optimal rate while\nconserving mass and energy. With this numerical algorithm, we can cover the\nwhole bifurcation diagram in parameter space and check, by an independent\nmethod, the stability limits of Katz [Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc. 183, 765 (1978)]\nand Padmanabhan [Astrophys. J. Supp. 71, 651 (1989)]. When no equilibrium state\nexists, our relaxation equation develops a self-similar collapse leading to a\nfinite time singularity.",
        "positive": "Moments of vicious walkers and M\u00f6bius graph expansions: A system of Brownian motions in one-dimension all started from the origin and\nconditioned never to collide with each other in a given finite time-interval\n$(0, T]$ is studied. The spatial distribution of such vicious walkers can be\ndescribed by using the repulsive eigenvalue-statistics of random Hermitian\nmatrices and it was shown that the present vicious walker model exhibits a\ntransition from the Gaussian unitary ensemble (GUE) statistics to the Gaussian\northogonal ensemble (GOE) statistics as the time $t$ is going on from 0 to $T$.\nIn the present paper, we characterize this GUE-to-GOE transition by presenting\nthe graphical expansion formula for the moments of positions of vicious\nwalkers. In the GUE limit $t \\to 0$, only the ribbon graphs contribute and the\nproblem is reduced to the classification of orientable surfaces by genus.\nFollowing the time evolution of the vicious walkers, however, the graphs with\ntwisted ribbons, called M\\\"obius graphs, increase their contribution to our\nexpansion formula, and we have to deal with the topology of non-orientable\nsurfaces. Application of the recent exact result of dynamical correlation\nfunctions yields closed expressions for the coefficients in the M\\\"obius\nexpansion using the Stirling numbers of the first kind."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production in systems with long range interactions: On a fine grained scale the Gibbs entropy of an isolated system remains\nconstant throughout its dynamical evolution. This is a consequence of\nLiouville's theorem for Hamiltonian systems and appears to contradict the\nsecond law of thermodynamics. In reality, however, there is no problem since\nthe thermodynamic entropy should be associated with the Boltzmann entropy,\nwhich for non-equilibrium systems is different from Gibbs entropy. The\nBoltzmann entropy accounts for the microstates which are not accessible from a\ngiven initial condition, but are compatible with a given macrostate. In a sense\nthe Boltzmann entropy is a coarse grained version of the Gibbs entropy and will\nnot decrease during the dynamical evolution of a macroscopic system. In this\npaper we will explore the entropy production for systems with long range\ninteractions. Unlike for short range systems, in the thermodynamic limit, the\nprobability density function for these systems decouples into a product of one\nparticle distribution functions and the coarse grained entropy can be\ncalculated explicitly. We find that the characteristic time for the entropy\nproduction scales with the number of particles as $N^\\alpha$, with $\\alpha >\n0$, so that in the thermodynamic limit entropy production takes an infinite\namount of time.",
        "positive": "Breakdown of a perturbed Z_N topological phase: We study the robustness of a generalized Kitaev's toric code with Z_N degrees\nof freedom in the presence of local perturbations. For N=2, this model reduces\nto the conventional toric code in a uniform magnetic field. A quantitative\nanalysis is performed for the perturbed Z_3 toric code by applying a\ncombination of high-order series expansions and variational techniques. We\nprovide strong evidences for first- and second-order phase transitions between\ntopologically-ordered and polarized phases. Most interestingly, our results\nalso indicate the existence of topological multi-critical points in the phase\ndiagram."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometry-induced fluctuations of olfactory searches in bounded domains: In olfactory search an immobile target emits chemical molecules at constant\nrate. The molecules are transported by the medium which is assumed to be\nturbulent. Considering a searcher able to detect such chemical signals and\nwhose motion follows the infotaxis strategy, we study the statistics of the\nfirst-passage time to the target when the searcher moves on a finite\ntwo-dimensional lattice of different geometries. Far from the target, where the\nconcentration of chemicals is low the direction of the searcher's first\nmovement is determined by the geometry of the domain and the topology of the\nlattice, inducing strong fluctuations on the average search time with respect\nto the initial position of the searcher. The domain is partitioned in well\ndefined regions characterized by the direction of the first movement. If the\nsearch starts over the interface between two different regions, large\nfluctuations in the search time are observed.",
        "positive": "Occupation times of random walks in confined geometries: From random\n  trap model to diffusion limited reactions: We consider a random walk in confined geometry, starting from a site and\neventually reaching a target site. We calculate analytically the distribution\nof the occupation time on a third site, before reaching the target site. The\nobtained distribution is exact, and completely explicit in the case or\nparallepipedic confining domains. We discuss implications of these results in\ntwo different fields: The mean first passage time for the random trap model is\ncomputed in dimensions greater than 1, and is shown to display a non-trivial\ndependence with the source and target positions ; The probability of reaction\nwith a given imperfect center before being trapped by another one is also\nexplicitly calculated, revealing a complex dependence both in geometrical and\nchemical parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy non-equipartition in systems of inelastic, rough spheres: We calculate and verify with simulations the ratio between the average\ntranslational and rotational energies of systems with rough, inelastic\nparticles, either forced or freely cooling. The ratio shows non-equipartition\nof energy. In stationary flows, this ratio depends mainly on the particle\nroughness, but in nonstationary flows, such as freely cooling granular media,\nit also depends strongly on the normal dissipation. The approach presented here\nunifies and simplifies different results obtained by more elaborate kinetic\ntheories. We observe that the boundary induced energy flux plays an important\nrole.",
        "positive": "Self-Organization, Evolutionary Entropy and Directionality Theory: Self-organization is the autonomous assembly of a network of interacting\ncomponents into a stable, organized pattern. This article shows that the\nprocess of self-assembly can be encoded in terms of evolutionary entropy, a\nstatistical measure of the cooperativity of the interacting components.\nEvolutionary entropy describes the rate at which a network of interacting\nmetabolic units convert an external energy source into mechanical energy and\nwork. We invoke Directionality Theory, an analytic model of Darwinian evolution\nto analyze self-assembly as a variation-selection process, and to derive a\ngeneral tenet, namely, the Entropic Principle of Self-Organization: The\nequilibrium states of a self-organizing process are states which maximize\nevolutionary entropy, contingent on the production rate of the external energy\nsource. This principle is a universal rule, applicable to the self-assembly of\nstructures ranging from the folding of proteins, to branching morphogenesis,\nand the emergence of social organization. The principle also elucidates the\norigin of cellular life: the transition from inorganic matter to the emergence\nof cells, capable of replication and metabolism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Semiclassical calculation of the nucleation rate for first order phase\n  transitions in the 2-dimensional phi^4-model beyond the thin wall\n  approximation: In many systems in condensed matter physics and quantum field theory, first\norder phase transitions are initiated by the nucleation of bubbles of the\nstable phase. Traditionally, this process is described by the semiclassical\nnucleation theory developed by Langer and, in the context of quantum field\ntheory, by Callan and Coleman. They have shown that the nucleation rate\n$\\Gamma$ can be written in the form of the Arrhenius law:\n$\\Gamma=\\mathcal{A}e^{-\\mathcal{H}_{c}}$. Here $\\mathcal{H}_{c}$ is the energy\nof the critical bubble, and the prefactor $\\mathcal{A}$ can be expressed in\nterms of the determinant of the operator of fluctuations near the critical\nbubble state. It is not possible to find explicit expressions for the constants\n$\\mathcal{A}$ and $\\mathcal{H}_{c}$ in the general case of a finite difference\n$\\eta$ between the energies of the stable and metastable vacua. For small\n$\\eta$, the constant $\\mathcal{A}$ can be determined within the leading\napproximation in $\\eta$, which is an extension of the ``thin wall\napproximation''. We have calculated the leading approximation of the prefactor\nfor the case of a model with a real-valued order parameter field in two\ndimensions.",
        "positive": "Low-dimensional Bose liquids: beyond the Gross-Pitaevskii approximation: The Gross-Pitaevskii approximation is a long-wavelength theory widely used to\ndescribe a variety of properties of dilute Bose condensates, in particular\ntrapped alkali gases. We point out that for short-ranged repulsive interactions\nthis theory fails in dimensions d less than or equal to 2, and we propose the\nappropriate low-dimensional modifications. For d=1 we analyze density profiles\nin confining potentials, superfluid properties, solitons, and self-similar\nsolutions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Mechanism for Pockets of Predictability in Complex Adaptive Systems: We document a mechanism operating in complex adaptive systems leading to\ndynamical pockets of predictability (``prediction days''), in which agents\ncollectively take predetermined courses of action, transiently decoupled from\npast history. We demonstrate and test it out-of-sample on synthetic minority\nand majority games as well as on real financial time series. The surprising\nlarge frequency of these prediction days implies a collective organization of\nagents and of their strategies which condense into transitional herding\nregimes.",
        "positive": "Dynamical approach to the microcanonical ensemble: An analytical method to compute thermodynamic properties of a given\nHamiltonian system is proposed. This method combines ideas of both dynamical\nsystems and ensemble approaches to thermodynamics, providing de facto a\npossible alternative to traditional Ensemble methods. Thermodynamic properties\nare extracted from effective motion equations. These equations are obtained by\nintroducing a general variational principle applied to an action averaged over\na statistical ensemble of paths defined on the constant energy surface. The\nmethod is applied first to the one dimensional (\\beta)-FPU chain and to the two\ndimensional lattice (\\phi ^{4}) model. In both cases the method gives a good\ninsight of some of their statistical and dynamical properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The irreversibility and classical mechanics laws: The irreversibility of the dynamics of the conservative systems on example of\nhard disks and potentially of interacting elements is investigated in terms of\nlaws of classical mechanics. The equation of the motion of interacting systems\nand the formula, which expresses the entropy through the generalized forces,\nare obtained. The explanation of irreversibility mechanism is submitted. The\nintrinsic link between thermodynamics and classical mechanics was analyzed.",
        "positive": "Low-temperature metastable states in a stacked triangular Ising\n  antiferromagnet: We study low-temperature magnetization processes in a stacked triangular\nIsing antiferromagnet by Monte Carlo simulations. In increasing and decreasing\nmagnetic fields we observe multiple steps and hysteresis corresponding to\nformation of different metastable states. Besides the equidistant threefold\nsplitting of the 1/3 ferrimagnetic plateau, we additionally confirm a fourth\nplateau in the field-increasing branch and a sizable remanence when the field\nis decreased to zero. The newly observed plateau only appears at sufficiently\nlow temperature and sufficiently large exchange interaction in the stacking\ndirection. These observations reasonably reproduce low-temperatures\nmeasurements on the spin-chain compound $\\rm{Ca}_3\\rm{Co}_2\\rm{O}_6$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization transition of heterogeneously coupled oscillators on\n  scale-free networks: We investigate the synchronization transition of the modified Kuramoto model\nwhere the oscillators form a scale-free network with degree exponent $\\lambda$.\nAn oscillator of degree $k_i$ is coupled to its neighboring oscillators with\nasymmetric and degree-dependent coupling in the form of $\\couplingcoeff\nk_i^{\\eta-1}$. By invoking the mean-field approach, we determine the\nsynchronization transition point $J_c$, which is zero (finite) when $\\eta >\n\\lambda-2$ ($\\eta < \\lambda-2$). We find eight different synchronization\ntransition behaviors depending on the values of $\\eta$ and $\\lambda$, and\nderive the critical exponents associated with the order parameter and the\nfinite-size scaling in each case. The synchronization transition is also\nstudied from the perspective of cluster formation of synchronized vertices. The\ncluster-size distribution and the largest cluster size as a function of the\nsystem size are derived for each case using the generating function technique.\nOur analytic results are confirmed by numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Dissipative dynamics of Bose condensates in optical cavities: We study the zero temperature dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in driven\nhigh-quality optical cavities in the limit of large atom-field detuning. We\ncalculate the stationary ground state and the spectrum of coupled atom and\nfield mode excitations for standing wave cavities as well as for travelling\nwave cavities. Finite cavity response times lead to damping or controlled\namplification of these excitations. Analytic solutions in the Lamb-Dicke\nexpansion are in good agreement with numerical results for the full problem and\nshow that oscillation frequencies and the corresponding damping rates are\nqualitatively different for the two cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Thermal Harmonic Field Description of Phase Transition: The\n  Alternative Approach to the Landau Theory: The study of critical phenomena and phase transitions is an important part of\nmodern condensed matter physics. In this regard, the phenomenological Landau\ntheory has been extraordinarily useful. Hereby we present an alternative\ntheoretical description to the Landau theory for a system under phase\ntransition, based on a priori assumption that the macroscopic system is made of\nthe thermal mixing among multi harmonics each of them can be distinguished by\ncrystal orientation, polar direction, magnetic direction, or even momentum etc.\nOur theory naturally gives rise to a long range field and is able to account\nfor both the type of lattice and the spatial dimensionality, in addition to\nthat the excess free energy is referenced to the low temperature structure\ntogether with the positive excess entropy. The improvements over the Landau\ntheory are demonstrated using ferroelectric-paraelectric system of PbTiO3 on\nits phase transition and associated thermodynamic behaviors.",
        "positive": "Damage Spreading in a 2D Ising Model with Swendsen-Wang Dynamics: Damage spreading for 2D Ising cluster dynamics is investigated numerically by\nusing random numbers in a way that conforms with the notion of submitting the\ntwo evolving replicas to the same thermal noise. Two damage spreading\ntransitions are found; damage does not spread either at low or high\ntemperatures. We determine the critical exponents at the high-temperature\ntransition point, which seem consistent with directed percolation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Frustration in an exactly solvable mixed-spin Ising model with bilinear\n  and three-site four-spin interactions on a decorated square lattice: Competitive effects of so-called three-site four-spin interactions, single\nion anisotropy and bilinear interactions is studied in the mixed spin-1/2 and\nspin-1 Ising model on a decorated square lattice. Exploring the\ndecoration-iteration transformation, we have obtained exact closed-form\nexpressions for the partition function and other thermodynamic quantities of\nthe model. From these relations, we have numerically determined ground- state\nand finite-temperature phase diagrams of the system. We have also investigated\ntemperature variations of the correlation functions, internal energy, entropy,\nspecific heat and Helmholtz free energy of the system. From the physical point\nof view, the most interesting result represents our observation of a partially\nordered ferromagnetic or phase in the system with zero bilinear interactions.\nIt is remarkable, that due to strong frustrations disordered spins survive in\nthe system even at zero temperature, so that the ground state of the system\nbecomes macroscopically degenerate with non-zero entropy. Introduction of\narbitrarily small bilinear interaction completely removes degeneracy and the\nentropy always goes to zero at the the ground state.",
        "positive": "Subordination model of anomalous diffusion leading to the two-power-law\n  relaxation responses: We derive a general pattern of the nonexponential, two-power-law relaxation\nfrom the compound subordination theory of random processes applied to anomalous\ndiffusion. The subordination approach is based on a coupling between the very\nlarge jumps in physical and operational times. It allows one to govern a\nscaling for small and large times independently. Here we obtain explicitly the\nrelaxation function, the kinetic equation and the susceptibility expression\napplicable to the range of experimentally observed power-law exponents which\ncannot be interpreted by means of the commonly known Havriliak-Negami fitting\nfunction. We present a novel two-power relaxation law for this range in a\nconvenient frequency-domain form and show its relationship to the\nHavriliak-Negami one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From classical to quantum criticality: We study the crossover from classical to quantum phase transitions at zero\ntemperature within the framework of $\\phi^4$ theory. The classical transition\nat zero temperature can be described by the Landau theory, turning into a\nquantum Ising transition with the addition of quantum fluctuations. We perform\na calculation of the transition line in the regime where the quantum\nfluctuations are weak. The calculation is based on a renormalization group\nanalysis of the crossover between classical and quantum transitions, and is\nwell controlled even for space-time dimensionality $D$ below 4. In particular,\nfor $D=2$ we obtain an analytic expression for the transition line which is\nvalid for a wide range of parameters, as confirmed by numerical calculations\nbased on the Density Matrix Renormalization Group. This behavior could be\ntested by measuring the phase diagram of the linear-zigzag instability in\nsystems of trapped ions or repulsively-interacting dipoles.",
        "positive": "Properties of Particles Obeying Ambiguous Statistics: A new class of identical particles which may exhibit both Bose and Fermi\nstatistics with respective probabilities $p_b$ and $p_f$ is introduced. Such an\nuncertainity may be either an intrinsic property of a particle or can be viewed\nas an ``experimental uncertainity''. Statistical equivalence of such particles\nand particles obeying parastatistics of infinite order is shown. Generalized\nstatistical distributions are derived and statistical and thermodynamical\nproperties of an ideal gas of the particles are investigated. The physical\nnature of such particles and the implications of this investigation for the\nstatistics of extremal black holes are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality class of a displacive structural phase transition in two\n  dimensions: The displacive structural phase transition in a two-dimensional model solid\ndue to Benassi and co-workers [PRL 106, 256102 (2011)] is analyzed using Monte\nCarlo simulations and finite-size scaling. The model is shown to be a member of\nthe two-dimensional six-state clock model universality class. Consequently, the\nmodel features two phase transitions, implying the existence of three\nthermodynamically distinct phases, namely, a low-temperature phase with\nlong-ranged order, an intermediate critical phase with power-law decay of\ncorrelations, and a high-temperature phase with short-ranged order.",
        "positive": "Complex-Temperature Phase Diagrams for the q-State Potts Model on\n  Self-Dual Families of Graphs and the Nature of the $q \\to \\infty$ Limit: We present exact calculations of the Potts model partition function\n$Z(G,q,v)$ for arbitrary $q$ and temperature-like variable $v$ on self-dual\nstrip graphs $G$ of the square lattice with fixed width $L_y$ and arbitrarily\ngreat length $L_x$ with two types of boundary conditions. Letting $L_x \\to\n\\infty$, we compute the resultant free energy and complex-temperature phase\ndiagram, including the locus ${\\cal B}$ where the free energy is nonanalytic.\nResults are analyzed for widths $L_y=1,2,3$. We use these results to study the\napproach to the large-q limit of ${\\cal B}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modules identification by a Dynamical Clustering algorithm based on\n  chaotic R\u00f6ssler oscillators: A new dynamical clustering algorithm for the identification of modules in\ncomplex networks has been recently introduced \\cite{BILPR}. In this paper we\npresent a modified version of this algorithm based on a system of chaotic\nRoessler oscillators and we test its sensitivity on real and computer generated\nnetworks with a well known modular structure.",
        "positive": "Critical Dynamics: multiplicative noise fixed point in two dimensional\n  systems: We study the critical dynamics of a real scalar field in two dimensions near\na continuous phase transition. We have built up and solved Dynamical\nRenormalization Group equations at one-loop approximation. We have found that,\ndifferent form the case $d\\lesssim 4$, characterized by a Wilson-Fisher fixed\npoint with dynamical critical exponent $z=2+ O(\\epsilon^2)$, the critical\ndynamics is dominated by a novel multiplicative noise fixed point. The zeroes\nof the beta function depend on the stochastic prescription used to define the\nWiener integrals. However, the critical exponents and the anomalous dimension\ndo not depend on the prescription used. Thus, even though each stochastic\nprescription produces different dynamical evolutions, all of them are in the\nsame universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Electron self-trapping at quantum and classical critical points: Using Feynman path integral technique estimations of the ground state energy\nhave been found for a conduction electron interacting with order parameter\nfluctuations near quantum critical points. In some cases only \\textit{singular}\nperturbation theory in the coupling constant emerges for the electron ground\nstate energy. It is shown that an autolocalized state (quantum fluctuon) can be\nformed and its characteristics have been calculated depending on critical\nexponents for both weak and strong coupling regimes. The concept of fluctuon is\nconsidered also for the classical critical point (at finite temperatures) and\nthe difference between quantum and classical cases has been investigated. It is\nshown that, whereas the quantum fluctuon energy is connected with a true\nboundary of the energy spectrum, for classical fluctuon it is just a\nsaddle-point solution for the chemical potential in the exponential density of\nstates fluctuation tail.",
        "positive": "Maximum Path Information and Fokker-Planck Equation: We present in this paper a rigorous method to derive the nonlinear\nFokker-Planck (FP) equation of anomalous diffusion directly from a\ngeneralization of the principle of least action of Maupertuis proposed by Wang\nfor smooth or quasi-smooth irregular dynamics evolving in Markovian process.\nThe FP equation obtained may take two different but equivalent forms. It was\nalso found that the diffusion constant may depend on both q (the index of\nTsallis entropy) and the time t."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Random Matrix Approach to Cross-Correlations in Financial Data: We analyze cross-correlations between price fluctuations of different stocks\nusing methods of random matrix theory (RMT). Using two large databases, we\ncalculate cross-correlation matrices C of returns constructed from (i) 30-min\nreturns of 1000 US stocks for the 2-yr period 1994--95 (ii) 30-min returns of\n881 US stocks for the 2-yr period 1996--97, and (iii) 1-day returns of 422 US\nstocks for the 35-yr period 1962--96. We test the statistics of the eigenvalues\n$\\lambda_i$ of C against a ``null hypothesis'' --- a random correlation matrix\nconstructed from mutually uncorrelated time series. We find that a majority of\nthe eigenvalues of C fall within the RMT bounds $[\\lambda_-, \\lambda_+]$ for\nthe eigenvalues of random correlation matrices. We test the eigenvalues of C\nwithin the RMT bound for universal properties of random matrices and find good\nagreement with the results for the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of random\nmatrices --- implying a large degree of randomness in the measured\ncross-correlation coefficients. Further, we find that the distribution of\neigenvector components for the eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues\noutside the RMT bound display systematic deviations from the RMT prediction. In\naddition, we find that these ``deviating eigenvectors'' are stable in time. We\nanalyze the components of the deviating eigenvectors and find that the largest\neigenvalue corresponds to an influence common to all stocks. Our analysis of\nthe remaining deviating eigenvectors shows distinct groups, whose identities\ncorrespond to conventionally-identified business sectors. Finally, we discuss\napplications to the construction of portfolios of stocks that have a stable\nratio of risk to return.",
        "positive": "Thermostats, chaos and Onsager reciprocity: Finite thermostats are studied in the context of nonequilibrium statistical\nmechanics. Entropy production rate has been identified with the mechanical\nquantity expressed by the phase space contraction rate and the currents have\nbeen linked to its derivatives with respect to the parameters measuring the\nforcing intensities. In some instances Green-Kubo formulae, hence Onsager\nreciprocity, have been related to the fluctuation theorem. However, mainly when\ndissipation takes place at the boundary (as in gases or liquids in contact with\nthermostats), phase space contraction may be independent on some of the forcing\nparameters or, even in absence of forcing, phase space contraction may not\nvanish: then the relation with the fluctuation theorem does not seem to apply.\nOn the other hand phase space contraction can be altered by changing the metric\non phase space: here this ambiguity is discussed and employed to show that the\nrelation between the fluctuation theorem and Green-Kubo formulae can be\nextended and is, by far, more general."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Melting of crystalline films with quenched random disorder: According to the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Theory two-dimensional solid films melt\nby the unbinding of dislocation pairs. A model including quenched random\nimpurities was already studied by Nelson [Phys. Rev. B 27 (1983) 2902], who\npredicted a reentrance into the disordered phase at low temperatures and weak\ndisorder. New investigations of the physically related XY-model [e.g. T.\nNattermann et al., J. Phys. (France) 5 (1995), 565] and a work of Cha and\nFertig [Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995) 4867] refuse this reentrant melting. In this\nwork we map the system onto a two-dimensional vector Coulomb gas and via a\nrenormalization we derive flow equations both for the square and for the\ntriangular lattice. An analysis of these flow equations shows a new behaviour\nin the low-temperature range, where the reentrance into the non-crystalline\nphase with short-range order is not found, but the crystalline phase with\nquasi-long-range order is preserved below a critical disorder strength of\n\\bar\\sigma_c = 1/16 \\pi. Finally we estimate the influence of commensurate\nsubstrates and obtain phase diagrams, which show that the melting by\ndislocation unbinding can only be expected, if the lattice constant of the\ncrystalline film is a multiple of the lattice constant of the substrate\npotential.",
        "positive": "Structural signatures of the unjamming transition at zero temperature: We study the pair correlation function $g(r)$ for zero-temperature,\ndisordered, soft-sphere packings just above the onset of jamming. We find\ndistinct signatures of the transition in both the first and split second peaks\nof this function. As the transition is approached from the jammed side (at\nhigher packing fraction) the first peak diverges and narrows on the small-$r$\nside to a delta-function. On the high-$r$ side of this peak, $g(r)$ decays as a\npower-law. In the split second peak, the two subpeaks are both singular at the\ntransition, with power-law behavior on their low-$r$ sides and step-function\ndrop-offs on their high-$r$ sides. These singularities at the transition are\nreminiscent of empirical criteria that have previously been used to distinguish\nglassy structures from liquid ones."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal shift of the fidelity susceptibility peak away from the\n  critical point of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless quantum phase\n  transition: We show that the peak which can be observed in fidelity susceptibility around\nthe Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition is shifted from the quantum\ncritical point (QCP) at $J_c$ to $J^*$ in the gapped phase by a value $|J^* -\nJ_c| = B^2/36$, where $B^2$ is a transition width controlling the asymptotic\nform of the correlation length $\\xi \\sim \\exp(-B/\\sqrt{|J-J_c|})$ in that\nphase. This is in contrast to the conventional continuous QCP where the maximum\nis an indicator of the position of the critical point. The shape of the peak is\nuniversal, emphasizing the close connection between fidelity susceptibility and\nthe correlation length. We support those arguments with numerical matrix\nproduct state simulations of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model in the\nthermodynamic limit, where the broad peak is located at $J^*=0.212$ that is\nsignificantly different from $J_c=0.3048(3)$. In the spin-$3/2$ XXZ model the\nshift from $J_c=1$ to $J^*=1.0021$ is small but the narrow universal peak is\nmuch more pronounced over the non-universal background.",
        "positive": "A Local Optima Network View of Real Function Fitness Landscapes: The local optima network model has proved useful in the past in connection\nwith combinatorial optimization problems. Here we examine its extension to the\nreal continuous function domain. Through a sampling process, the model builds a\nweighted directed graph which captures the function's minima basin structure\nand its interconnection and which can be easily manipulated with the help of\ncomplex networks metrics. We show that the model provides a complementary view\nof function spaces that is easier to analyze and visualize, especially at\nhigher dimension. In particular, we show that function hardness as represented\nby algorithm performance, is strongly related to several graph properties of\nthe corresponding local optima network, opening the way for a classification of\nproblem difficulty according to the corresponding graph structure and with\npossible extensions in the design of better metaheuristic approaches."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface properties and scaling behavior of a generalized ballistic\n  deposition model in (1+1)-dimension: The surface exponents, the scaling behavior and the bulk porosity of a\ngeneralized ballistic deposition (GBD) model are studied. In nature, there\nexist particles with varying degrees of stickiness ranging from completely\nnon-sticky to fully sticky. Such particles may adhere to any one of the\nsuccessively encountered surfaces, depending on a sticking probability %should\nhave the possibility of sticking to any of the %allowed points of contact on\nthe surface with a sticking probability that is governed by the underlying\nstochastic mechanism. The microscopic configurations possible in this model are\nmuch larger than those allowed in existing models of ballistic deposition and\ncompetitive growth models that seek to mix ballistic and random deposition\nprocesses. In this article, we find the scaling exponents for surface width and\nporosity for the proposed GBD model. In terms of scaled width $\\widetilde{W}$\nand scaled time $\\tilde{t}$, the numerical data collapse on to a single curve,\ndemonstrating successful scaling with sticking probability p and system size L.\nSimilar scaling behavior is also found for the porosity.",
        "positive": "Matrix product solution for a partially asymmetric 1D lattice gas with a\n  free defect: A one-dimensional, driven lattice gas with a freely moving, driven defect\nparticle is studied. Although the dynamics of the defect are simply biased\ndiffusion, it disrupts the local density of the gas, creating nontrivial\nnonequilibrium steady states. The phase diagram is derived using mean field\ntheory and comprises three phases. In two phases, the defect causes small\nlocalized perturbations in the density profile. In the third, it creates a\nshock, with two regions at different bulk densities. When the hopping rates\nsatisfy a particular condition (that the products of the rates of the gas and\ndefect are equal), it is found that the steady state can be solved exactly\nusing a two-dimensional matrix product ansatz. This is used to derive the phase\ndiagram for that case exactly and obtain exact asymptotic and finite size\nexpressions for the density profiles and currents in all phases. In particular,\nthe front width in the shock phase on a system of size $L$ is found to scale as\n$L^{1/2}$, which is not predicted by mean field theory. The results are found\nto agree well with Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation transition and distribution of connected components in\n  generalized random network ensembles: In this work, we study the percolation transition and large deviation\nproperties of generalized canonical network ensembles. This new type of random\nnetworks might have a very rich complex structure, including high heterogeneous\ndegree sequences, non-trivial community structure or specific spatial\ndependence of the link probability for networks embedded in a metric space. We\nfind the cluster distribution of the networks in these ensembles by mapping the\nproblem to a fully connected Potts model with heterogeneous couplings. We show\nthat the nature of the Potts model phase transition, linked to the birth of a\ngiant component, has a crossover from second to first order when the number of\ncritical colors $q_c = 2$ in all the networks under study. These results shed\nlight on the properties of dynamical processes defined on these network\nensembles.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics model of angiogenic tumor growth: We examine a lattice model of tumor growth where survival of tumor cells\ndepends on the supplied nutrients. When such a supply is random, the extinction\nof tumors belongs to the directed percolation universality class. However, when\nthe supply is correlated with distribution of tumor cells, which as we suggest\nmight mimick the angiogenic growth, the extinction shows different, and most\nlikely novel critical behaviour. Such a correlation affects also the morphology\nof the growing tumors and drastically raise tumor survival probability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Properties of low density quantum fluids within nanopores: The behavior of quantum fluids (4He and H2) within nanopores is explored in\nvarious regimes, using several different methods. A focus is the evolution of\neach fluid's behavior as pore radius R is increased. Results are derived with\nthe path integral Monte Carlo method for the finite temperature (T) behavior of\nquasi-one-dimensional (1D) liquid 4He and liquid H2, within pores of varying R.\nResults are also obtained, using a density functional method, for the T=0\nbehavior of 4He in pores of variable R.",
        "positive": "Methods of exploring energy diffusion in lattices with finite\n  temperature: We discuss two methods for exploring energy diffusion in lattices with finite\ntemperature in this paper. The first one is the energy-kick (EK) method. To\napply this method, one adds an external energy kick to a particle in the\nlattice, and tracks its evolution by evolving the kicked system. The second one\nis the fluctuation-correlation (FC) method. The formula for calculating the\nprobability density function (PDF) using the canonical ensemble is slightly\nrevised and extended to the microcanonical ensemble. We show that the FC method\nhas advantages over the EK method theoretically and technically. Theoretically,\nthe PDF obtained by the FC method reveals the diffusion processes of the inner\nenergy while the PDF obtained by the EK method represents that of the kick\nenergy. The diffusion processes of the inner energy and the external energy\nadded to the system, i.e., the kick energy, may be different quantitatively and\neven qualitatively depending on models. To show these facts, we study not only\nthe equilibrium systems but also the stationary nonequilibrium systems.\nExamples showing that the inner energy and the kick energy may have different\ndiffusion behavior are reported in both cases. The technical advantage enables\nus to study the long-time diffusion processes and thus avoids the finite-time\neffect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium random-field Ising model on a diluted triangular lattice: We study critical hysteresis in the random-field Ising model (RFIM) on a\ntwo-dimensional periodic lattice with a variable coordination number $z_{eff}$\nin the range $3 \\le z_{eff} \\le 6$. We find that the model supports critical\nbehavior in the range $4 < z_{eff} \\le 6$, but the critical exponents are\nindependent of $z_{eff}$. The result is discussed in the context of the\nuniversality of nonequilibrium critical phenomena and extant results in the\nfield.",
        "positive": "Escape Behavior of Quantum Two-Particle Systems with Coulomb\n  Interactions: Quantum escapes of two particles with Coulomb interactions from a confined\none-dimensional region to a semi-infinite lead are discussed by the probability\nof particles remaining in the confined region, i.e. the survival probability,\nin comparison with one or two free particles. For free-particle systems the\nsurvival probability decays asymptotically in power as a function of time. On\nthe other hand, for two-particle systems with Coulomb interactions it shows an\nexponential decay in time. A difference of escape behaviors between Bosons and\nFermions is considered as quantum effects of identical two particles such as\nthe Pauli exclusion principle. The exponential decay in the survival\nprobability of interacting two particles is also discussed in a viewpoint of\nquantum chaos based on a distribution of energy level spacings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Some Results and a Conjecture for Manna's Stochastic Sandpile Model: We present some analytical results for the stochastic sandpile model, studied\nearlier by Manna. In this model, the operators corresponding to particle\naddition at different sites commute. The eigenvalues of operators satisfy a\nsystem of coupled polynomial equations. For an L X L square, we construct a\nnontrivial toppling invariant, and hence a ladder operator which acting on\neigenvectors of evolution operator gives new eigenvectors with different\neigenvalues. For periodic boundary conditions in one direction, one more\ntoppling invariant can be constructed. We show that there are many forbidden\nsubconfigurations, and only an exponentially small fraction of all stable\nconfigurations are recurrent. We obtain rigorous lower and upper bounds for the\nminimum number of particles in a recurrent configuration, and conjecture a\nformula for its exact value for finite-size rectangles.",
        "positive": "Out-of-equilibrium phase re-entrance(s) in long-range interacting\n  systems: Systems with long-range interactions display a short-time relaxation towards\nQuasi Stationary States (QSSs) whose lifetime increases with system size. The\napplication of Lynden-Bell's theory of \"violent relaxation\" to the Hamiltonian\nMean Field model leads to the prediction of out-of-equilibrium first and second\norder phase transitions between homogeneous (zero magnetization) and\ninhomogeneous (non-zero magnetization) QSSs, as well as an interesting\nphenomenon of phase re-entrances. We compare these theoretical predictions with\ndirect $N$-body numerical simulations. We confirm the existence of phase\nre-entrance in the typical parameter range predicted from Lynden-Bell's theory,\nbut also show that the picture is more complicated than initially thought. In\nparticular, we exhibit the existence of secondary re-entrant phases: we find\nun-magnetized states in the theoretically magnetized region as well as\npersisting magnetized states in the theoretically unmagnetized region."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dependence of the BEC transition temperature on interaction strength: a\n  perturbative analysis: We compute the critical temperature T_c of a weakly interacting uniform Bose\ngas in the canonical ensemble, extending the criterion of condensation provided\nby the counting statistics for the uniform ideal gas. Using ordinary\nperturbation theory, we find in first order $(T_c-T_c^0)/T_c^0 = -0.93\na\\rho^{1/3}$, where T_c^0 is the transition temperature of the corresponding\nideal Bose gas, a is the scattering length, and $\\rho$ is the particle number\ndensity.",
        "positive": "Non-extensive statistical mechanics of a self-gravitating gas: The statistical mechanics of a cloud of particles interacting via their\ngravitational potentials is an old problem which encounters some issues when\nthe traditional Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics is applied. In this article, we\nconsider the generalized statistics of Tsallis and analyze the statistical and\nthermodynamical implications for a self-gravitating gas, obtaining analytical\nand convergent expressions for the equation of state and specific heat in the\ncanonical as well as microcanonical ensembles. Although our results are\ncomparable in both ensembles, it turns out that only in the canonical case the\nthermodynamic quantities depend explicitly on the non-extensivity parameter,\nindicating that the question of ensemble equivalence for Tsallis statistics\nmust be further reviewed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simple spin models with non-concave entropies: Two simple spin models are studied to show that the microcanonical entropy\ncan be a non-concave function of the energy, and that the microcanonical and\ncanonical ensembles can give non-equivalent descriptions of the same system in\nthe thermodynamic limit. The two models are simple variations of the classical\nparamagnetic spin model of non-interacting spins and are solved as easily as\nthe latter model.",
        "positive": "Unconventional strengthening of a bipartite entanglement of a mixed\n  spin-(1/2,1) Heisenberg dimer achieved through Zeeman splitting: The bipartite quantum and thermal entanglement is quantified within pure and\nmixed states of a mixed spin-(1/2,1) Heisenberg dimer with the help of\nnegativity. It is shown that the negativity, which may serve as a measure of\nthe bipartite entanglement at zero as well as nonzero temperatures, strongly\ndepends on intrinsic parameters as for instance exchange and uniaxial\nsingle-ion anisotropy in addition to extrinsic parameters such as temperature\nand magnetic field. It turns out that a rising magnetic field unexpectedly\nreinforces the bipartite entanglement due to the Zeeman splitting of energy\nlevels, which lifts a two-fold degeneracy of the quantum ferrimagnetic ground\nstate. The maximal bipartite entanglement is thus reached within a quantum\nferrimagnetic phase at sufficiently low but nonzero magnetic fields on\nassumption that the gyromagnetic g-factors of the spin-1/2 and spin-1 magnetic\nions are equal and the uniaxial single-ion anisotropy is a half of the exchange\nconstant. It is suggested that the heterodinuclear complex\n[Ni(dpt)(H$_2$O)Cu(pba)]$\\cdot$2H$_2$O (pba=1,3-propylenebis(oxamato) and\ndpt=bis-(3-aminopropyl)amine), which affords an experimental realization of the\nmixed spin-(1/2,1) Heisenberg dimer, remains strongly entangled up to\nrelatively high temperatures (about 140~K) and magnetic fields (about 140~T)\nbeing comparable with the relevant exchange constant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Criticality of natural absorbing states: We study a recently introduced ladder model which undergoes a transition\nbetween an active and an infinitely degenerate absorbing phase. In some cases\nthe critical behaviour of the model is the same as that of the branching\nannihilating random walk with $N\\geq 2$ species both with and without hard-core\ninteraction. We show that certain static characteristics of the so-called\nnatural absorbing states develop power law singularities which signal the\napproach of the critical point. These results are also explained using random\nwalk arguments. In addition to that we show that when dynamics of our model is\nconsidered as a minimum finding procedure, it has the best efficiency very\nclose to the critical point.",
        "positive": "Entropic Ratchet transport of interacting active Brownian particles: Directed transport of interacting active (self-propelled)Brownian particles\nis numerically investigated in confined geometries (entropic barriers). The\nself-propelled velocity can break thermodynamical equilibrium and induce the\ndirected transport. It is found that the interaction between active particles\ncan greatly affect the ratchet transport. For attractive particles, on\nincreasing the interaction strength, the average velocity firstly decreases to\nits minima, then increases, and finally decreases to zero. For repulsive\nparticles, when the interaction is very weak, there exists a critical\ninteraction at which the average velocity is minimal, nearly tends to zero,\nhowever, for the strong interaction, the average velocity is independent of the\ninteraction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The free energy requirements of biological organisms; implications for\n  evolution: Recent advances in nonequilibrium statistical physics have provided\nunprecedented insight into the thermodynamics of dynamic processes. The author\nrecently used these advances to extend Landauer's semi-formal reasoning\nconcerning the thermodynamics of bit erasure, to derive the minimal free energy\nrequired to implement an arbitrary computation. Here, I extend this analysis,\nderiving the minimal free energy required by an organism to run a given\n(stochastic) map $\\pi$ from its sensor inputs to its actuator outputs. I use\nthis result to calculate the input-output map $\\pi$ of an organism that\noptimally trades off the free energy needed to run $\\pi$ with the phenotypic\nfitness that results from implementing $\\pi$. I end with a general discussion\nof the limits imposed on the rate of the terrestrial biosphere's information\nprocessing by the flux of sunlight on the Earth.",
        "positive": "Universal and non-universal properties of cross-correlations in\n  financial time series: We use methods of random matrix theory to analyze the cross-correlation\nmatrix C of price changes of the largest 1000 US stocks for the 2-year period\n1994-95. We find that the statistics of most of the eigenvalues in the spectrum\nof C agree with the predictions of random matrix theory, but there are\ndeviations for a few of the largest eigenvalues. We find that C has the\nuniversal properties of the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of random matrices.\nFurthermore, we analyze the eigenvectors of C through their inverse\nparticipation ratio and find eigenvectors with large inverse participation\nratios at both edges of the eigenvalue spectrum--a situation reminiscent of\nresults in localization theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple and effective Verlet-type algorithm for simulating Langevin\n  dynamics: We present a revision to the well known Stormer-Verlet algorithm for\nsimulating second order differential equations. The revision addresses the\ninclusion of linear friction with associated stochastic noise, and we\nanalytically demonstrate that the new algorithm correctly reproduces diffusive\nbehavior of a particle in a flat potential. For a harmonic oscillator, our\nalgorithm provides the exact Boltzmann distribution for any value of damping,\nfrequency, and time step for both underdamped and over damped behavior within\nthe usual the stability limit of the Verlet algorithm. Given the structure and\nsimplicity of the method we conclude this approach can trivially be adapted for\ncontemporary applications, including molecular dynamics with extensions such as\nmolecular constraints.",
        "positive": "Correlation of spin and velocity in granular gases: In a granular gas of rough particles the spin of a grain is correlated with\nits linear velocity. We develop an analytical theory to account for these\ncorrelations and compare its predictions to numerical simulations, using Direct\nSimulation Monte Carlo as well as Molecular Dynamics. The system is shown to\nrelax from an arbitrary initial state to a quasi-stationary state, which is\ncharacterized by time-independent, finite correlations of spin and linear\nvelocity. The latter are analysed systematically for a wide range of system\nparameters, including the coefficients of tangential and normal restitution as\nwell as the moment of inertia of the particles. For most parameter values the\naxis of rotation and the direction of linear momentum are perpendicular like in\na sliced tennis ball, while parallel orientation, like in a rifled bullet,\noccurs only for a small range of parameters. The limit of smooth spheres is\nsingular: any arbitrarily small roughness unavoidably causes significant\ntranslation-rotation correlations, whereas for perfectly smooth spheres the\nrotational degrees of freedom are completely decoupled from the dynamic\nevolution of the gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic description of avalanching systems: Avalanching systems are treated analytically using the renormalization group\n(in the self-organized-criticality regime) or mean-field approximation,\nrespectively. The latter describes the state in terms of the mean number of\nactive and passive sites, without addressing the inhomogeneity in their\ndistribution. This paper goes one step further by proposing a kinetic\ndescription of avalanching systems making use of the distribution function for\nclusters of active sites. We illustrate application of the kinetic formalism to\na model proposed for the description of the avalanching processes in the\nreconnecting current sheet of the Earth magnetosphere.",
        "positive": "The Free Energy Surface of Supercooled Water: We present a detailed analysis of the free energy surface of a well\ncharacterized rigid model for water in supercooled states. We propose a\nfunctional form for the liquid free energy, supported by recent theoretical\npredictions [Y. Rosenfeld and P. Tarazona, Mol. Phys. {\\bf 95}, 141 (1998)],\nand use it to locate the position of a liquid-liquid critical point at $T_{C'}\n= 130 \\pm 5$~K, $P_{C'}=290\\pm 30$MPa, and $\\rho_{C'} = 1.10 \\pm\n0.03$~g/cm$^3$. The observation of the critical point strengthens the\npossibility that SPC/E water may undergo a liquid-liquid phase transition.\nFinally, we discuss the possibility that the approach to the liquid-liquid\ncritical point could be pre-empted by the glass transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multicriticality in the Blume-Capel model under a continuous-field\n  probability distribution: The multicritical behavior of the Blume-Capel model with infinite-range\ninteractions is investigated by introducing quenched disorder in the crystal\nfield $\\Delta_{i}$, which is represented by a superposition of two Gaussian\ndistributions with the same width $\\sigma$, centered at $\\Delta_{i} = \\Delta$\nand $\\Delta_{i} = 0$, with probabilities $p$ and $(1-p)$, respectively. A rich\nvariety of phase diagrams is presented, and their distinct topologies are shown\nfor different values of $\\sigma$ and $p$. The tricritical behavior is analyzed\nthrough the existence of fourth-order critical points as well as how the\ncomplexity of the phase diagrams is reduced by the strength of the disorder.",
        "positive": "Convex hull of a Brownian motion in confinement: We study the effect of confinement on the mean perimeter of the convex hull\nof a planar Brownian motion, defined as the minimum convex polygon enclosing\nthe trajectory. We use a minimal model where an infinite reflecting wall\nconfines the walk to its one side. We show that the mean perimeter displays a\nsurprising minimum with respect to the starting distance to the wall and\nexhibits a non-analyticity for small distances. In addition, the mean span of\nthe trajectory in a fixed direction {$\\theta \\in ]0,\\pi/2[$}, which can be\nshown to yield the mean perimeter by integration over $\\theta$, presents these\nsame two characteristics. This is in striking contrast with the one dimensional\ncase, where the mean span is an increasing analytical function. The\nnon-monotonicity in the 2D case originates from the competition between two\nantagonistic effects due to the presence of the wall: reduction of the space\naccessible to the Brownian motion and effective repulsion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transition of the six-state clock model observed from the\n  entanglement entropy: The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transitions of the six-state clock\nmodel on the square lattice are investigated by means of the corner-transfer\nmatrix renormalization group method. The classical analogue of the entanglement\nentropy $S( L, T )$ is calculated for $L$ by $L$ square system up to $L = 129$,\nas a function of temperature $T$. The entropy has a peak at $T = T^{*}_{~}( L\n)$, where the temperature depends on both $L$ and boundary conditions. Applying\nthe finite-size scaling to $T^{*}_{~}( L )$ and assuming the presence of BKT\ntransitions, the transition temperature is estimated to be $T_1^{~} = 0.70$ and\n$T_2^{~} = 0.88$. The obtained results agree with previous analyses. It should\nbe noted that no thermodynamic function is used in this study.",
        "positive": "Directed motion of Brownian particles with internal energy depot: A model of Brownian particles with the ability to take up energy from the\nenvironment, to store it in an internal depot, and to convert internal energy\ninto kinetic energy of motion, is discussed. The general dynamics outlined in\nSect. 2 is investigated for the deterministic and stochastic particle's motion\nin a non-fluctuating ratchet potential. First, we discuss the attractor\nstructure of the ratchet system by means of computer simulations. Dependent on\nthe energy supply, we find either periodic bound attractors corresponding to\nlocalized oscillations, or one/two unbound attractors corresponding to directed\nmovement in the ratchet potential. Considering an ensemble of particles, we\nshow that in the deterministic case two currents into different directions can\noccur, which however depend on a supercritical supply of energy. Considering\nstochastic influences, we find the current only in one direction. We further\ninvestigate how the current reversal depends on the strength of the stochastic\nforce and the asymmetry of the potential. We find both a critical value of the\nnoise intensity for the onset of the current and an optimal value where the net\ncurrent reaches a maximum. Eventually, the dynamics of our model is compared\nwith other ratchet models previously suggested."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A microscopically motivated renormalization scheme for the MBL/ETH\n  transition: We introduce a multi-scale diagonalization scheme to study the transition\nbetween the many-body localized and the ergodic phase in disordered quantum\nchains. The scheme assumes a sharp dichotomy between subsystems that behave as\nlocalized and resonant spots that obey the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis\n(ETH). We establish a set of microscopic principles defining the\ndiagonalization scheme, and use them to numerically study the transition in\nvery large systems. To a large extent the results are in agreement with an\nanalytically tractable mean-field analysis of the scheme: We find that at the\ncritical point the system is almost surely localized in the thermodynamic\nlimit, hosting a set of thermal inclusions whose sizes are power-law\ndistributed. On the localized side the {\\em typical} localization length is\nbounded from above. The bound saturates upon approach to criticality, entailing\nthat a finite ergodic inclusion thermalizes a region of diverging diameter. The\ndominant thermal inclusions have a fractal structure, implying that averaged\ncorrelators decay as stretched exponentials throughout the localized phase.\nSlightly on the ergodic side thermalization occurs through an avalanche\ninstability of the nearly localized bulk, whereby rare, supercritically large\nergodic spots eventually thermalize the entire sample. Their size diverges at\nthe transition, while their density vanishes. The non-local, avalanche-like\nnature of this instability entails a breakdown of single parameter scaling and\nputs the delocalization transition outside the realm of standard critical\nphenomena.",
        "positive": "Euler Walk on a Cayley Tree: We show that the Euler walk on a Cayley tree exhibits two regimes (dynamic\nphases): a condensed phase and a low-density phase. In the condensed phase the\nself-organized area grows as a compact domain. In the low-density phase the\nproportion of self-organized (visited) nodes decreases rapidly from one\ngeneration of the tree to the next. We describe in detail returns of the Euler\nwalk to the root and growth of the self-organized domain in the condensed\nphase. We also investigate the critical behaviour of the Euler walk at the\npoint separating the two regimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A density-matrix renormalization group Study of one-dimensional\n  incommensurate quantum Frenkel-Kontorova model: In this paper, the one-dimensional incommensurate quantum Frenkel-Kontorova\nmodel is investigate by a density-matrix renormalization group algorithm.\nSpecial attention is given to the entanglement and the ground state energy. The\nenergy gap between the ground state and the first excited is also calculated.\nFrom all the numerical results, we have observed an obvious property changes\nfrom the pinned state to the sliding one as the quantum fluctuation is\nincreased. But no expected quantum critical point can be justified by the\npresent data.",
        "positive": "Ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and the curious nematic phase of S=1\n  quantum spin systems: We investigate the phase diagram of S=1 quantum spin systems with\nSU(2)-invariant interactions, at low temperatures and in three spatial\ndimensions. Symmetry breaking and the nature of pure states can be studied\nusing random loop representations. The latter confirm the occurrence of ferro-\nand antiferromagnetic transitions and the breaking of SU(3) invariance. And\nthey reveal the peculiar nature of the nematic pure states which MINIMIZE\n\\sum_x (S_x^i)^2."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Single-file transport of binary hard-sphere mixtures through periodic\n  potentials: Single-file transport occurs in various scientific fields, including\ndiffusion through nanopores, nanofluidic devices, and cellular processes. We\nhere investigate the impact of polydispersity on particle currents for\nsingle-file Brownian motion of hard spheres, when they are driven through\nperiodic potentials by a constant drag force. Through theoretical analysis and\nextensive Brownian dynamics simulations, we unveil the behavior of particle\ncurrents for random binary mixtures. The particle currents show a recurring\npattern in dependence of the hard-sphere diameters and mixing ratio. We explain\nthis recurrent behavior by showing that a basic unit cell exists in the space\nof the two hard-sphere diameters. Once the behavior of an observable inside the\nunit cell is determined, it can be inferred for any diameter. The overall\nvariation of particle currents with the mixing ratio and hard-sphere diameters\nis reflected by their variation in the limit where the system is fully covered\nby hard spheres. In this limit, the currents can be predicted analytically. Our\nanalysis explains the occurrence of pronounced maxima and minima of the\ncurrents by changes of an effective potential barrier for the center-of-mass\nmotion.",
        "positive": "X-Ray Scattering at FeCo(001) Surfaces and the Crossover between\n  Ordinary and Normal Transitions: In a recent experiment by Krimmel et al. [PRL 78, 3880 (1997)], the critical\nbehavior of FeCo near a (001) surface was studied by x-ray scattering. Here the\nexperimental data are reanalyzed, taking into account recent theoretical\nresults on order-parameter profiles in the crossover regime between ordinary\nand normal transitions. Excellent agreement between theoretical expectations\nand the experimental results is found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Recursive Schr\\\" odinger Equation Approach to Faster Converging Path\n  Integrals: By recursively solving the underlying Schr\\\" odinger equation, we set up an\nefficient systematic approach for deriving analytic expressions for discretized\neffective actions. With this we obtain discrete short-time propagators for both\none and many particles in arbitrary dimension to orders which have not been\naccessible before. They can be used to substantially speed up numerical Monte\nCarlo calculations of path integrals, as well as for setting up a new\nanalytical approximation scheme for energy spectra, density of states, and\nother statistical properties of quantum systems.",
        "positive": "Time irreversibility from symplectic non-squeezing: The issue of how time reversible microscopic dynamics gives rise to\nmacroscopic irreversible processes has been a recurrent issue in Physics since\nthe time of Boltzmann whose ideas shaped, and essentially resolved, such an\napparent contradiction. Following Boltzmann's spirit and ideas, but employing\nGibbs's approach, we advance the view that macroscopic irreversibility of\nHamiltonian systems of many degrees of freedom can be also seen as a result of\nthe symplectic non-squeezing theorem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation length in a generalized two-dimensional XY model: The measurements of the magnetic and nematic correlation lengths in a\ngeneralization of the two dimensional XY model on the square lattice are\npresented using classical Monte Carlo simulation. The full phase diagram is\nre-examined based on these correlation lengths, demonstrating their power in\nstudying generalized XY models. The ratio between the correlation length and\nthe lattice size has distinctive behaviors which can be used to distinguish\ndifferent types of phase transition. More importantly, the magnetic correlation\nlength give more insights into the tricritical region where the paramagnetic,\nnematic and quasi-long-range phases meet. It shows signatures for the\nintermediate region starting from the tricritical point, where the transition\nline is neither of the same physics as the Ising transition below nor the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition far above the tricritical point.",
        "positive": "Level 2 large deviation functionals for systems with and without\n  detailed balance: Large deviation functions are an essential tool in the statistics of rare\nevents. Often they can be obtained by contraction from a so-called level 2\nlarge deviation {\\em functional} characterizing the empirical density of the\nunderlying stochastic process. For Langevin systems obeying detailed balance,\nthe explicit form of this functional has been known ever since the mathematical\nwork of Donsker and Varadhan. We rederive the Donsker-Varadhan result by using\nstochastic path-integrals and then generalize it to situations without detailed\nbalance including non-equilibrium steady states. The proper incorporation of\nthe empirical probability flux turns out to be crucial. We elucidate the\nrelation between the large deviation functional and different notions of\nentropy production in stochastic thermodynamics and discuss some aspects of the\nensuing contractions. Finally, we illustrate our findings with examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantifying Stock Price Response to Demand Fluctuations: We address the question of how stock prices respond to changes in demand. We\nquantify the relations between price change $G$ over a time interval $\\Delta t$\nand two different measures of demand fluctuations: (a) $\\Phi$, defined as the\ndifference between the number of buyer-initiated and seller-initiated trades,\nand (b) $\\Omega$, defined as the difference in number of shares traded in buyer\nand seller initiated trades. We find that the conditional expectations $<G\n>_{\\Omega}$ and $<G >_{\\Phi}$ of price change for a given $\\Omega$ or $\\Phi$\nare both concave. We find that large price fluctuations occur when demand is\nvery small --- a fact which is reminiscent of large fluctuations that occur at\ncritical points in spin systems, where the divergent nature of the response\nfunction leads to large fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Magnetic properties of two-dimensional charged spin-1 Bose gases: Within the mean-field theory, we investigate the magnetic properties of a\ncharged spin-1 Bose gas in two dimension. In this system the diamagnetism\ncompetes with paramagnetism, where Lande-factor $g$ is introduced to describe\nthe strength of the paramagnetic effect. The system presents a crossover from\ndiamagnetism to paramagnetism with the increasing of Lande-factor. The critical\nvalue of the Lande-factor, $g_{c}$, is discussed as a function of the\ntemperature and magnetic field. We get the same value of $g_{c}$ both in the\nlow temperature and strong magnetic field limit. Our results also show that in\nvery weak magnetic field no condensation happens in the two dimensional charged\nspin-1 Bose gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Does a particle swept by a turbulent liquid diffuse?: Since the famous 1926 paper by Richardson, the relative diffusion of two\nparticles in a turbulent liquid has attracted a lot of interest. The motion of\na single particle on the other hand is usually considered not to be especially\ninteresting. The widely accepted picture is that the velocity of the particle\nhas short-range correlations in time, resulting in motion that is diffusive on\ntime scales large compared to the correlation time. We find, however, that the\ncorrelation time is infinite and that the square displacement, F, is not linear\nin the traversed time, T, which would correspond to diffusion, but rather F is\nproportional to T^6/5. Namely, the motion is slightly super diffusive.",
        "positive": "Anomalous scaling and super-roughness in the growth of CdTe\n  polycrystalline films: CdTe films grown on glass substrates covered by fluorine doped tin oxide by\nHot Wall Epitaxy (HWE) were studied through the interface dynamical scaling\ntheory. Direct measures of the dynamical exponent revealed an intrinsically\nanomalous scaling characterized by a global roughness exponent $\\alpha$\ndistinct from the local one (the Hurst exponent $H$), previously reported\n[Ferreira \\textit{et al}., Appl. Phys. Lett. \\textbf{88}, 244103 (2006)]. A\nvariety of scaling behaviors was obtained with varying substrate temperature.\nIn particular, a transition from a intrinsically anomalous scaling regime with\n$H\\ne\\alpha<1$ at low temperatures to a super-rough regime with $H\\ne\\alpha>1$\nat high temperatures was observed. The temperature is a growth parameter that\ncontrols both the interface roughness and dynamical scaling exponents. Nonlocal\neffects are pointed as the factors ruling the anomalous scaling behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuating landscapes and heavy tails in animal behavior: Animal behavior is shaped by a myriad of mechanisms acting on a wide range of\nscales. This immense variability hampers quantitative reasoning and renders the\nidentification of universal principles elusive. Through data analysis and\ntheory, we here show that slow non-ergodic drives generally give rise to\nheavy-tailed statistics in behaving animals. We leverage high-resolution\nrecordings of $C. elegans$ locomotion to extract a self-consistent reduced\norder model for an inferred reaction coordinate, bridging from sub-second\nchaotic dynamics to long-lived stochastic transitions among metastable states.\nThe slow mode dynamics exhibits heavy-tailed first passage time distributions\nand correlation functions, and we show that such heavy tails can be explained\nby dynamics on a time-dependent potential landscape. Inspired by these results,\nwe introduce a generic model in which we separate faster mixing modes that\nevolve on a quasi-stationary potential, from slower non-ergodic modes that\ndrive the potential landscape, and reflect slowly varying internal states. We\nshow that, even for simple potential landscapes, heavy tails emerge when\nbarrier heights fluctuate slowly and strongly enough. In particular, the\ndistribution of first passage times and the correlation function can asymptote\nto a power law, with related exponents that depend on the strength and nature\nof the fluctuations. We support our theoretical findings through direct\nnumerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Validity of the Hohenberg Theorem for a Generalized Bose-Einstein\n  Condensation in Two Dimensions: Several authors have considered the possibility of a generalized\nBose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in which a band of low states is occupied so\nthat the total occupation number is macroscopic, even if the occupation number\nof each state is not extensive. The Hohenberg theorem (HT) states that there is\nno BEC into a single state in 2D; we consider its validity for the case of a\ngeneralized condensation and find that, under certain conditions, the HT does\nnot forbid a BEC in 2D. We discuss whether this situation actually occurs in\nany theoretical model system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Symmetric Vertex Models on Planar Random Graphs: We solve a 4-(bond)-vertex model on an ensemble of 3-regular Phi3 planar\nrandom graphs, which has the effect of coupling the vertex model to 2D quantum\ngravity. The method of solution, by mapping onto an Ising model in field, is\ninspired by the solution by Wu et.al. of the regular lattice equivalent -- a\nsymmetric 8-vertex model on the honeycomb lattice, and also applies to higher\nvalency bond vertex models on random graphs when the vertex weights depend only\non bond numbers and not cyclic ordering (the so-called symmetric vertex\nmodels).\n  The relations between the vertex weights and Ising model parameters in the\n4-vertex model on Phi3 graphs turn out to be identical to those of the\nhoneycomb lattice model, as is the form of the equation of the Ising critical\nlocus for the vertex weights. A symmetry of the partition function under\ntransformations of the vertex weights, which is fundamental to the solution in\nboth cases, can be understood in the random graph case as a change of\nintegration variable in the matrix integral used to define the model.\n  Finally, we note that vertex models, such as that discussed in this paper,\nmay have a role to play in the discretisation of Lorentzian metric quantum\ngravity in two dimensions.",
        "positive": "Partition Function for a 1-D delta-function Bose Gas: The N-particle partition function of a one-dimensional $\\delta$-function bose\ngas is calculated explicitly using only the periodic boundary condition (the\nBethe ansatz equation). The N-particles cluster integrals are shown to be the\nsame as those by the thermal Bethe ansatz method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Overdamped sine-Gordon kink in a thermal bath: We study the sine-Gordon kink diffusion at finite temperature in the\noverdamped limit. By means of a general perturbative approach, we calculate the\nfirst- and second-order (in temperature) contributions to the diffusion\ncoefficient. We compare our analytical predictions with numerical simulations.\nThe good agreement allows us to conclude that, up to temperatures where\nkink-antikink nucleation processes cannot be neglected, a diffusion constant\nlinear and quadratic in temperature gives a very accurate description of the\ndiffusive motion of the kink. The quadratic temperature dependence is shown to\nstem from the interaction with the phonons. In addition, we calculate and\ncompute the average value $<\\phi(x,t)>$ of the wave function as a function of\ntime and show that its width grows with $\\sqrt{t}$. We discuss the\ninterpretation of this finding and show that it arises from the dispersion of\nthe kink center positions of individual realizations which all keep their\nwidth.",
        "positive": "Dissipation and decoherence by ideal quantum gas: The effective Lagrangian of a test particle, interacting with an ideal gas,\nis calculated with in the closed time path formalism in the one-loop and the\nleading order of the particle trajectory. The expansion in the time derivative\nis available for slow enough motion and it uncovers diffusive effective forces\nand decoherence for the coordinate and the momentum. A pure Newtonian friction\nforce and an anisotrop coordinate decoherence are found for zero temperature\nideal gas of fermions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bogoliubov's Quasiaverages, Broken Symmetry and Quantum Statistical\n  Physics: The development and applications of the method of quasiaverages developed by\nN. N. Bogoliubov to quantum statistical physics and to quantum solid state\ntheory and, in particular, to quantum theory of magnetism, were analyzed. The\nproblem of finding the ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and superconducting\nsymmetry broken solutions of the correlated lattice fermion models was\ndiscussed within the irreducible Green functions method. A unified scheme for\nthe construction of generalized mean fields (elastic scattering corrections)\nand self-energy (inelastic scattering) in terms of the Dyson equation was\ngeneralized in order to include the source fields. The interrelation of the\nBogoliubov's idea of quasiaverages and the concepts of symmetry breaking and\nquantum protectorate was discussed briefly in the context of quantum\nstatistical physics. The idea of quantum protectorate reveals the essential\ndifference in the behaviour of the complex many-body systems at the low-energy\nand high-energy scales. It was shown that the role of symmetry (and the\nbreaking of symmetries) in combination with the degeneracy of the system was\nreanalyzed and essentially clarified within the framework of the method of\nquasiaverages. The complementary notion of quantum protectorate might provide\ndistinctive signatures and good criteria for a hierarchy of energy scales and\nthe appropriate emergent behavior.",
        "positive": "Fractionalization in Superconductor Josephson Junction Arrays Hinged by\n  Quantum Spin Hall edges: In this paper we study a novel superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor\n(SC-FM-SC) Josephson junction array deposited on top of a two-dimensional\nquantum spin Hall (QSH) insulator. The existence of Majorana bound states at\nthe interface between SC and FM gives rise to charge-e tunneling, in addition\nto the usual charge-2e Cooper pair tunneling, between neighboring\nsuperconductor islands. Moreover, because Majorana fermions encode the\ninformation of charge number parity, an exact Z_2 gauge structure naturally\nemerges and leads to many new insulating phases, including a deconfined phase\nwhere electrons fractionalize into charge-e bosons and topological defects. A\nnew superconductor-insulator transition has also been found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The various facets of random walk entropy: We review various features of the statistics of random paths on graphs. The\nrelationship between path statistics and Quantum Mechanics (QM) leads to two\ncanonical ways of defining random walk on a graph, which have different\nstatistics and hence different entropies. Generic random walk (GRW) is in\ncorrespondence with the field-theoretical formalism, whereas maximal entropy\nrandom walk (MERW), introduced by us in a recent work, is motivated by the\nFeynman path-integral formulation of QM. GRW maximizes entropy locally\n(neighbors are chosen with equal probabilities), in contrast to MERW which does\nso globally (all paths of given length and endpoints are equally probable). The\nstationary distribution for MERW is given by the ground state of a\nquantum-mechanical problem where nodes whose degree is smaller than average act\nas repulsive impurities. We investigate static and dynamical properties GRW and\nMERW in a variety of examples in one and two dimensions. The most spectacular\ndifference arises in the case of weakly diluted lattices, where a particle\nperforming MERW gets eventually trapped in the largest nearly spherical region\nwhich is free of impurities. We put forward a quantitative explanation of this\nlocalization effect in terms of a classical Lifshitz phenomenon.",
        "positive": "Replica Symmetry Breaking without Replicas: We introduce a mathematical framework based on simple combinatorial arguments\n(Kernel Representation) that allows to deal successfully with spin glass\nproblems, among others. Let $\\Omega^{N}$ be the space of configurations of an\n$N-$ spins system, each spin having a finite set $\\Omega$ of inner states, and\nlet $\\mu:\\Omega^{N}\\rightarrow\\left[0,1\\right]$ be some probability measure.\nHere we give an argument to encode $\\mu$ into a kernel function\n$M:\\left[0,1\\right]^{2}\\rightarrow\\Omega$, and use this notion to reinterpret\nthe assumptions of the Replica Symmetry Breaking ansatz (RSB) of Parisi et Al.\n[1, 2], without using replicas, nor averaging on the disorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Close encounters of the sticky kind: Brownian motion at absorbing\n  boundaries: Encounter-based models of diffusion provide a probabilistic framework for\nanalyzing the effects of a partially absorbing reactive surface, in which the\nprobability of absorption depends upon the amount of surface-particle contact\ntime. Prior to absorption, the surface is typically assumed to act as a totally\nreflecting boundary, which means that the contact time is determined by a\nBrownian functional known as the boundary local time. In this paper we develop\na class of encounter-based models that deal with absorption at sticky\nboundaries. Sticky boundaries occur in a diverse range of applications,\nincluding cell biology, colloidal physics, active matter, finance, and human\ncrowd dynamics. We begin by constructing a one-dimensional encounter-based\nmodel of sticky Brownian motion (BM), which is based on the zero-range limit of\nnon-sticky BM with a short-range attractive potential well near the origin. In\nthis limit, the boundary-contact time is given by the amount of time\n(occupation time) that the particle spends at the origin. We calculate the\njoint probability density or propagator for the particle position and the\noccupation time, and then identify an absorption event as the first time that\nthe occupation time crosses a randomly generated threshold. Different models of\nabsorption correspond to different choices for the random threshold probability\ndistribution. We illustrate the theory by considering diffusion in a finite\ninterval with a partially absorbing sticky boundary at one end. We show how\nvarious quantities of interest depend on moments of the random threshold\ndistribution. Finally, we determine how sticky BM can be obtained by taking a\nparticular diffusion limit of a sticky run-and-tumble particle (RTP). The\ndiffusion limit is well-defined provided that the velocity of the RTP is biased\nand spatially varying within a boundary layer around the origin.",
        "positive": "Large fluctuations in multi-attractor systems and the generalized\n  Kramers problem: The main subject of the paper is an escape from a multi-well metastable\npotential on a time-scale of a formation of the quasi-equilibrium between the\nwells. The main attention is devoted to such ranges of friction in which an\nexternal saddle does not belong to a basin of attraction of an initial\nattractor. A complete rigorous analysis of the problem for the most probable\nescape path is presented and a corresponding escape rate is calculated with a\nlogarithmic accuracy. Unlike a conventional rate for a quasi-stationary flux,\nthe rate on shorter time-scales strongly depends on friction, moreover, it may\nundergo oscillations in the underdamped range and a cutoff in the overdamped\nrange.\n  A generalization of the results for inter-attractor transitions in stable\npotentials with more than two wells is also presented as well as a splitting\nprocedure for a phenomenological description of inter-attractor transitions is\nsuggested.\n  Applications to such problems as a dynamics of escape on time-scales shorter\nthan an optimal fluctuation duration, prehistory problem, optimal control of\nfluctuations, fluctuational transport in ratchets, escapes at a periodic\ndriving and transitions in biased Josephson junctions and ionic channels are\nbriefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lattice computation of energy moments in canonical and Gaussian quantum\n  statistics: We derive a lattice approximation for a class of equilibrium quantum\nstatistics describing the behaviour of any combination and number of bosonic\nand fermionic particles with any sufficiently binding potential. We then\ndevelop an intuitive Monte Carlo algorithm which can be used for the\ncomputation of expectation values in canonical and Gaussian ensembles and give\nlattice observables which will converge to the energy moments in the continuum\nlimit. The focus of the discussion is two-fold: in the rigorous treatment of\nthe continuum limit and in the physical meaning of the lattice approximation.\nIn particular, it is shown how the concepts and intuition of classical physics\ncan be applied in this sort of computation of quantum effects. We illustrate\nthe use of the Monte Carlo methods by computing canonical energy moments and\nthe Gaussian density of states for charged particles in a quadratic potential.",
        "positive": "Splitting of the ground state manifold of classical Heisenberg spins as\n  couplings are varied: We construct clusters of classical Heisenberg spins with two-spin\n$\\vec{S}_i.\\vec{S}_j$-type interactions for which the ground state manifold\nconsists of disconnected pieces. We extend the construction to lattices and\ncouplings for which the ground state manifold splits into an exponentially\nlarge number of disconnected pieces at a sharp point as the interaction\nstrengths are varied with respect to each other. In one such lattice we\nconstruct, the number of disconnected pieces in the ground state manifold can\nbe counted exactly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Physics: a Short Course for Electrical Engineering Students: This is a set of lecture notes of a course on statistical physics and\nthermodynamics, which is oriented, to a certain extent, towards electrical\nengineering students. The main body of the lectures is devoted to statistical\nphysics, whereas much less emphasis is given to the thermodynamics part. In\nparticular, the idea is to let the most important results of thermodynamics\n(most notably, the laws of thermodynamics) to be obtained as conclusions from\nthe derivations in statistical physics. Beyond the variety of central topics in\nstatistical physics that are important to the general scientific education of\nthe EE student, special emphasis is devoted to subjects that are vital to the\nengineering education concretely. These include, first of all, quantum\nstatistics, like the Fermi-Dirac distribution, as well as diffusion processes,\nwhich are both fundamental for deep understanding of semiconductor devices.\nAnother important issue for the EE student is to understand mechanisms of noise\ngeneration and stochastic dynamics in physical systems, most notably, in\nelectric circuitry. Accordingly, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem of\nstatistical mechanics, which is the theoretical basis for understanding thermal\nnoise processes in systems, is presented from a signals--and--systems point of\nview, in a way that would hopefully be understandable and useful for an\nengineering student, and well connected to other courses in the electrcial\nengineering curriculum like courses on random priocesses. The quantum regime,\nin this context, is important too and hence provided as well. Finally, we touch\nvery briefly upon some relationships between statistical mechanics and\ninformation theory, which is the theoretical basis for communications\nengineering, and demonstrate how statistical-mechanical approach can be useful\nin order for the study of information-theoretic problems.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo simulation of size-effects on thermal conductivity in a\n  2-dimensional Ising system: A model based on microcanonical Monte Carlo method is used to study the\napplication of the temperature gradient along a two-dimensional (2D) Ising\nsystem. We estimate the system size effects on thermal conductivity, $K$, for a\nnano-scale Ising layer with variable size. It is shown that $K$ scales with\nsize as $ K=cL^\\alpha$ where $\\alpha$ varies with temperature. Both the\nMetropolis and Cruetz algorithms have been used to establish the temperature\ngradient. Further results show that the average demon energy in the presence of\nan external magnetic field is zero for low temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Granular Fluids: The terminology granular matter refers to systems with a large number of hard\nobjects (grains) of mesoscopic size ranging from millimeters to meters.\nGeological examples include desert sand and the rocks of a landslide. But the\nscope of such systems is much broader, including powders and snow, edible\nproducts such a seeds and salt, medical products like pills, and\nextraterrestrial systems such as the surface regolith of Mars and the rings of\nSaturn. The importance of a fundamental understanding for granular matter\nproperties can hardly be overestimated. Practical issues of current concern\nrange from disaster mitigation of avalanches and explosions of grain silos to\nimmense economic consequences within the pharmaceutical industry. In addition,\nthey are of academic and conceptual importance as well as examples of systems\nfar from equilibrium. Under many conditions of interest, granular matter flows\nlike a normal fluid. In the latter case such flows are accurately described by\nthe equations of hydrodynamics. Attention is focused here on the possibility\nfor a corresponding hydrodynamic description of granular flows. The tools of\nnonequilibrium statistical mechanics, developed over the past fifty years for\nfluids composed of atoms and molecules, are applied here to a system of grains\nfor a fundamental approach to both qualitative questions and practical\nquantitative predictions. The nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations and expressions\nfor the associated transport coefficients are obtained.",
        "positive": "Critical properties of the three-dimensional equivalent-neighbor model\n  and crossover scaling in finite systems: Accurate numerical results are presented for the three-dimensional\nequivalent-neighbor model on a cubic lattice, for twelve different interaction\nranges (coordination number between 18 and 250). These results allow the\ndetermination of the range dependences of the critical temperature and various\ncritical amplitudes, which are compared to renormalization-group predictions.\nIn addition, the analysis yields an estimate for the interaction range at which\nthe leading corrections to scaling vanish for the spin-1/2 model and confirms\nearlier conclusions that the leading Wegner correction must be negative for the\nthree-dimensional (nearest-neighbor) Ising model. By complementing these\nresults with Monte Carlo data for systems with coordination numbers as large as\n52514, the full finite-size crossover curves between classical and Ising-like\nbehavior are obtained as a function of a generalized Ginzburg parameter. Also\nthe crossover function for the effective magnetic exponent is determined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discrete Sampling of Extreme Events Modifies Their Statistics: Extreme value (EV) statistics of correlated systems are widely investigated\nin many fields, spanning the spectrum from weather forecasting to earthquake\nprediction. Does the unavoidable discrete sampling of a continuous correlated\nstochastic process change its EV distribution? We explore this question for\ncorrelated random variables modeled via Langevin dynamics for a particle in a\npotential field. For potentials growing at infinity faster than linearly and\nfor long measurement times, we find that the EV distribution of the discretely\nsampled process diverges from that of the full continuous dataset and converges\nto that of independent and identically distributed random variables drawn from\nthe process's equilibrium measure. However, for processes with sublinear\npotentials, the long-time limit is the EV statistics of the continuously\nsampled data. We treat processes whose equilibrium measures belong to the three\nEV attractors: Gumbel, Fr\\'echet, and Weibull. Our work shows that the EV\nstatistics can be extremely sensitive to the sampling rate of the data.",
        "positive": "Polarization amplitude near quantum critical points: We discuss the polarization amplitude of quantum spin systems in one\ndimension. In particular, we closely investigate it in gapless phases of those\nsystems based on the two-dimensional conformal field theory. The polarization\namplitude is defined as the ground-state average of a twist operator which\ninduces a large gauge transformation attaching the unit amount of the U(1) flux\nto the system. We show that the polarization amplitude under the periodic\nboundary condition is sensitive to perturbations around the fixed point of the\nrenormalization-group flow rather than the fixed point itself even when the\nperturbation is irrelevant. This dependence is encoded into the scaling law\nwith respect to the system size. In this paper, we show how and why the scaling\nlaw of the polarization amplitude encodes the information of the\nrenormalization-group flow. In addition, we show that the polarization\namplitude under the antiperiodic boundary condition is determined fully by the\nfixed point in contrast to that under the periodic one and that it visualizes\nclearly the nontriviality of spin systems in the sense of the\nLieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase-transitions induced by easy-plane anisotropy in the classical\n  Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a triangular lattice: a Monte Carlo simulation: We present the results of Monte Carlo simulations for the antiferromagnetic\nclassical XXZ model with easy-plane exchange anisotropy on the triangular\nlattice, which causes frustration of the spin alignment. The behaviour of this\nsystem is similar to that of the antiferromagnetic XY model on the same\nlattice, showing the signature of a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition,\nassociated to vortex-antivortex unbinding, and of an Ising-like one due to the\nchirality, the latter occurring at a slightly higher temperature. Data for\ninternal energy, specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, correlation length,\nand some properties associated with the chirality are reported in a broad\ntemperature range, for lattice sizes ranging from 24x24 to 120x120; four values\nof the easy-plane anisotropy are considered. Moving from the strongest towards\nthe weakest anisotropy (1%) the thermodynamic quantities tend to the isotropic\nmodel behaviour, and the two transition temperatures decrease by about 25% and\n22%, respectively.",
        "positive": "Analytical theory for proton correlations in common water ice $I_h$: We provide a fully analytical microscopic theory for the proton correlations\nin water ice $I_h$. We compute the full diffuse elastic neutron scattering\nstructure factor, which we find to be in excellent quantitative agreement with\nMonte Carlo simulations. It is also in remarkable qualitative agreement with\nexperiment, in the absence of any fitting parameters. Our theory thus provides\na tractable analytical starting point to account for more delicate features of\nthe proton correlations in water ice. In addition, it directly determines an\neffective field theory of water ice as a topological phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical dimer model with anisotropic interactions on the square\n  lattice: We discuss phase transitions and the phase diagram of a classical dimer model\nwith anisotropic interactions defined on a square lattice. For the attractive\nregion, the perturbation of the orientational order parameter introduced by the\nanisotropy causes the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions from a\ndimer-liquid to columnar phases. According to the discussion by Nomura and\nOkamoto for a quantum-spin chain system [J. Phys. A 27, 5773 (1994)], we\nproffer criteria to determine transition points and also universal\nlevel-splitting conditions. Subsequently, we perform numerical diagonalization\ncalculations of the nonsymmetric real transfer matrices up to linear dimension\nspecified by L=20 and determine the global phase diagram. For the repulsive\nregion, we find the boundary between the dimer-liquid and the strong repulsion\nphases. Based on the dispersion relation of the one-string motion, which\nexhibits a two-fold ``zero-energy flat band'' in the strong repulsion limit, we\ngive an intuitive account for the property of the strong repulsion phase.",
        "positive": "Thermal fluctuations of vortex clusters in quasi-two-dimensional\n  Bose-Einstein condensate: We study the thermal fluctuations of vortex positions in small vortex\nclusters in a harmonically trapped rotating Bose-Einstein condensate. It is\nshown that the order-disorder transition of two-shells clusters occurs via the\ndecoupling of shells with respect to each other. The corresponding \"melting\"\ntemperature depends stronly on the commensurability between numbers of vortices\nin shells. We show that \"melting\" can be achieved at experimentally attainable\nparameters and very low temperatures. Also studied is the effect of thermal\nfluctuations on vortices in an anisotropic trap with small quadrupole\ndeformation. We show that thermal fluctuations lead to the decoupling of a\nvortex cluster from the pinning potential produced by this deformation. The\ndecoupling temperatures are estimated and strong commensurability effects are\nrevealed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Pair Contact Process in Two Dimensions: We study the stationary properties of the two-dimensional pair contact\nprocess, a nonequilibrium lattice model exhibiting a phase transition to an\nabsorbing state with an infinite number of configurations. The critical\nprobability and static critical exponents are determined via Monte Carlo\nsimulations, as well as order-parameter moment ratios and the scaling of the\ninitial density decay. The static critical properties are consistent with the\ndirected percolation universality class.",
        "positive": "Magnetocaloric effect in the symmetric spin-1/2 diamond chain with\n  different Land\u00e9 g-factors of Ising and Heisenberg spins: The symmetric spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg diamond chain with different Land\\'e\ng-factors of Ising and Heisenberg spins is exactly solved by combining the\ngeneralized decoration-iteration transformation and transfer-matrix method. The\nground state of the system and magnetocaloric effect during the adiabatic\n(de)magnetization are particularly examined. It is evidenced that the\nconsidered mixed-spin diamond chain exhibits an enhanced magnetocaloric effect\nduring the adiabatic (de)magnetization in the vicinity of field-induced phase\ntransitions as well as in the zero-field limit if the frustrated phase\nconstitutes the zero-field ground state, but the cooling efficiency depends on\nwhether the system is macroscopically degenerate in these parameter regions or\nnot."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact perimeter generating function for a model of punctured staircase\n  polygons: We have derived the perimeter generating function of a model of punctured\nstaircase polygons in which the internal staircase polygon is rotated by a\n90degree angle with respect to the outer staircase polygon. In one approach we\ncalculated a long series expansion for the problem and found that all the terms\nin the generating function can be reproduced from a linear Fuchsian\ndifferential equation of order 4. We then solved this ODE and found a closed\nform expression for the generating function. This is a highly unusual and most\nfortuitous result since ODEs of such high order very rarely permit a closed\nform solution. In a second approach we proved the result for the generating\nfunction exactly using combinatorial arguments. This latter solution allows\nmany generalisations including to models with other types of punctures and to a\nmodel with any fixed number of nested rotated staircase punctures.",
        "positive": "A dilute atomic Fermi system with a large positive scattering length: We show that a dilute atomic Fermi system at sufficiently low temperatures,\ncan display fermionic superfluidity, even in the case of a repulsive atom-atom\ninteraction, when the scattering length is positive. The attraction leading to\nthe formation of Cooper pairs is provided by the exchange of Bogoliubov phonons\nif a fraction of the atoms form a BEC of weakly bound molecules."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological phase locking in dissipatively-coupled noise-activated\n  processes: We study a minimal model of two non-identical noise-activated oscillators\nthat interact with each other through a dissipative coupling. We find that the\nsystem exhibits a rich variety of dynamical behaviors, including a novel\nphase-locking phenomenon that we term topological phase locking (TPL). TPL is\ncharacterized by the emergence of a band of periodic orbits that form a torus\nknot in phase space, along which the two oscillators advance in rational\nmultiples of each other, which coexists with the basin of attraction of the\nstable fixed point. We show that TPL arises as a result of a complex hierarchy\nof global bifurcations. Even if the system remains noise-activated, the\nexistence of the band of periodic orbits enables effectively deterministic\ndynamics, resulting in a greatly enhanced speed of the oscillators. Our results\nhave implications for understanding the dynamics of a wide range of systems,\nfrom biological enzymes and molecular motors to engineered electronic, optical,\nor mechanical oscillators.",
        "positive": "Reply to Comment on \"Existence of Internal Modes of sine-Gordon Kinks\": In this reply to the comment by C. R. Willis, we show, by quoting his own\nstatements, that the simulations reported in his original work with Boesch\n[Phys. Rev. B 42, 2290 (1990)] were done for kinks with nonzero initial\nvelocity, in contrast to what Willis claims in his comment. We further show\nthat his alleged proof, which assumes among other approximations that kinks are\ninitially at rest, is not rigorous but an approximation. Moreover, there are\nother serious misconceptions which we discuss in our reply. As a consequence,\nour result that quasimodes do not exist in the sG equation [Phys. Rev. E 62,\nR60 (2000)] remains true."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spontaneous magnetization of the superintegrable chiral Potts model:\n  calculation of the determinant D_PQ: For the Ising model, the calculation of the spontaneous magnetization leads\nto the problem of evaluating a determinant. Yang did this by calculating the\neigenvalues in the large-lattice limit. Montroll, Potts and Ward expressed it\nas a Toeplitz determinant and used Szego's theorem: this is almost certainly\nthe route originally travelled by Onsager. For the corresponding problem in the\nsuperintegrable chiral Potts model, neither approach appears to work: here we\nshow that the determinant D_PQ can be expressed as that of a product of two\nCauchy-like matrices. One can then use the elementary exact formula for the\nCauchy determinant. One of course regains the known result, originally\nconjectured in 1989.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of rumor propagation on small-world networks: We study the dynamics of an epidemic-like model for the spread of a rumor on\na small-world network. It has been shown that this model exhibits a transition\nbetween regimes of localization and propagation at a finite value of the\nnetwork randomness. Here, by numerical means, we perform a quantitative\ncharacterization of the evolution in the two regimes. The variant of dynamic\nsmall worlds, where the quenched disorder of small-world networks is replaced\nby randomly changing connections between individuals, is also analyzed in\ndetail and compared with a mean-field approximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heisenberg model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction: A Schwinger\n  boson study: We present a Schwinger-boson approach to the Heisenberg model with\nDzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. We write the anisotropic interactions in\nterms of Schwinger bosons keeping the correct symmetries present in the spin\nrepresentation, which allows us to perform a conserving mean-field\napproximation. Unlike previous studies of this model by linear spin-wave\ntheory, our approach takes into account magnon-magnon interactions and includes\nthe effects of three-boson terms characteristic of noncollinear phases. The\nresults reproduce the linear spin-wave predictions in the semiclassical large-S\nlimit, and show a small renormalization in the strong quantum limit S=1/2. For\nthe sake of definiteness, we specialize the calculations for the pattern of\nMoriya vectors corresponding to the orthorhombic phase in La_2CuO_4, and give a\nfairly detailed account of the behavior of ground-state energy, anisotropy gap,\nand net ferromagnetic moment. In the last part of this work we generalize our\napproach to describe the geometry of the intermediate phase in\nLa_{2-x}Nd_xCuO_4, and discuss the effects of including nondegenerate 2p_z\noxygen orbitals in the calculations.",
        "positive": "Microscopic reversibility of quantum open systems: The transition probability for time-dependent unitary evolution is invariant\nunder the reversal of protocols just as in the classical Liouvillian dynamics.\nIn this article, we generalize the expression of microscopic reversibility to\nexternally perturbed large quantum open systems. The time-dependent external\nperturbation acts on the subsystem during a transient duration, and\nsubsequently the perturbation is switched off so that the total system would\nthermalize. We concern with the transition probability for the subsystem\nbetween the initial and final eigenstates of the subsystem. In the course of\ntime evolution, the energy is irreversibly exchanged between the subsystem and\nreservoir. The time reversed probability is given by the reversal of the\nprotocol and the initial ensemble. Microscopic reversibility equates the time\nforward and reversed probabilities, and therefore appears as a thermodynamic\nsymmetry for open quantum systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Is the Tsallis q-mean value instable?: The recent argue about the existence of an instability in the definition of\nthe mean value appearing in the Tsallis non extensive Statistical Mechanic is\nreconsidered. Here, it is simply underlined that the pair of probability\ndistributions employed in constructing the instability statement have a\ndiscontinuous limit when the number of states tends to infinity. That is,\nalthough for an arbitrary but finite number of states W, both probability\ndistributions are normalized to the unit, their limits W tending to infinity do\nnot satisfy the normalization condition and thus are not allowed \"escort\"\nprobabilities for the q-mean value. However, similar distributions converging\nto the former ones when a parameter W_o is tending to infinity are defined\nhere. They both satisfy the normalization to the unity in the limit W tending\nto infinity. This simple change allows to show that the stability condition\nbecomes satisfied, for whatever large but fixed value of W_o is chosen.",
        "positive": "Optimized two-dimensional Networks with edge crossing cost: frustrated\n  anti-ferromagnetic spin system: We consider a quasi two-dimensional network connection growth model that\nminimizes the wiring cost while maximizing the network connections, but at the\nsame time edge crossings are penalized or forbidden. This model is mapped to a\ndilute anti-ferromagnetic Ising spin system with frustrations. We obtain\nanalytic results for the order-parameter or mean degree of the optimized\nnetwork using mean field theories. The cost landscape is analyzed in detail\nshowing complex structures due to frustration as the crossing penalty\nincreases. For the case of strictly no edge crossing is allowed, the mean-field\nequations lead to a new algorithm that can effectively find the (near) optimal\nsolution even for this strongly frustrated system. All these results are also\nverified by Monte Carlo simulations and numerical solution of the mean-field\nequations. Possible applications and relation to the planar triangulation\nproblem is also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analysis of the Reaction Rate Coefficients for Slow Bimolecular Chemical\n  Reactions: Simple bimolecular reactions $A_1+A_2\\rightleftharpoons A_3+A_4$ are analyzed\nwithin the framework of the Boltzmann equation in the initial stage of a\nchemical reaction with the system far from chemical equilibrium. The\nChapman-Enskog methodology is applied to determine the coefficients of the\nexpansion of the distribution functions in terms of Sonine polynomials for\npeculiar molecular velocities. The results are applied to the reaction\n$H_2+Cl\\rightleftharpoons HCl+H$, and the influence of the non-Maxwellian\ndistribution and of the activation-energy dependent reactive cross sections\nupon the forward and reverse reaction rate coefficients are discussed.",
        "positive": "The subordinated processes controlled by a family of subordinators and\n  corresponding Fokker-Planck type equations: In this work, we consider subordinated processes controlled by a family of\nsubordinators which consist of a power function of time variable and a negative\npower function of $\\alpha-$stable random variable. The effect of parameters in\nthe subordinators on the subordinated process is discussed. By suitable\nvariable substitutions and Laplace transform technique, the corresponding\nfractional Fokker-Planck-type equations are derived. We also compute their mean\nsquare displacements in a free force field. By choosing suitable ranges of\nparameters, the resulting subordinated processes may be subdiffusive, normal\ndiffusive or superdiffusive."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vortex nucleation in Bose-Einstein condensates in an oblate, purely\n  magnetic potential: We have investigated the formation of vortices by rotating the purely\nmagnetic potential confining a Bose-Einstein condensate. We modified the bias\nfield of an axially symmetric TOP trap to create an elliptical potential that\nrotates in the radial plane. This enabled us to study the conditions for vortex\nnucleation over a wide range of eccentricities and rotation rates.",
        "positive": "Aging dynamics and the topology of inhomogenous networks: We study phase ordering on networks and we establish a relation between the\nexponent $a_\\chi$ of the aging part of the integrated autoresponse function\n$\\chi_{ag}$ and the topology of the underlying structures. We show that $a_\\chi\n>0$ in full generality on networks which are above the lower critical dimension\n$d_L$, i.e. where the corresponding statistical model has a phase transition at\nfinite temperature. For discrete symmetry models on finite ramified structures\nwith $T_c = 0$, which are at the lower critical dimension $d_L$, we show that\n$a_\\chi$ is expected to vanish. We provide numerical results for the physically\ninteresting case of the $2-d$ percolation cluster at or above the percolation\nthreshold, i.e. at or above $d_L$, and for other networks, showing that the\nvalue of $a_\\chi $ changes according to our hypothesis. For $O({\\cal N})$\nmodels we find that the same picture holds in the large-${\\cal N}$ limit and\nthat $a_\\chi$ only depends on the spectral dimension of the network."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the relation between Vicsek and Kuramoto models of spontaneous\n  synchronization: The Vicsek model for the self-propelled particles is investigated with the\nrespect to the introduction of the stochastic perturbation of the dynamics. It\nis shown that such a dependence can be thought in terms of the isomorphism of\nthe Vicsek model with the Kuramoto model of spontaneous synchronization. They\nare isomorphic at least within the mean-field approach. The isomorphism between\ntwo models allows to state the dependence of the type of the transition in\nVicsek model on the noise perturbation. Two types of noise the scalar and the\nvector ones lead to qualitatively different behavior with continuous and the\ndiscontinuous transition to ordered state correspondingly. New type of the\nstochastic perturbation - ``mixed`` noise is proposed. It is the weighted\nsuperposition of the scalar and vector noises. The corresponding phase diagram\n``noise amplitude vs. interaction strength`` is obtained and the tricritical\nbehavior for Vicsek model is demonstrated.",
        "positive": "Nonadditive statistical measure of complexity and values of the entropic\n  index q: A two-parameter family of statistical measures of complexity are introduced\nbased on the Tsallis-type nonadditive entropies. This provides a unified\nframework for the study of the recently proposed various measures of complexity\nas well as for the discussion of a whole new class of measures. As a special\ncase, a generalization of the measure proposed by Landsberg and his co-workers\nbased on the Tsallis entropy indexed by q is discussed in detail and its\nbehavior is illustrated using the logistic map. The value of the entropic\nindex, q, with which the maximum of the measure of complexity is located at the\nedge of chaos, is calculated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Subdiffusion and weak ergodicity breaking in the presence of a reactive\n  boundary: We derive the boundary condition for a subdiffusive particle interacting with\na reactive boundary with finite reaction rate. Molecular crowding conditions,\nthat are found to cause subdiffusion of larger molecules in biological cells,\nare shown to effect long-tailed distributions with identical exponent for both\nthe unbinding times from the boundary to the bulk and the rebinding times from\nthe bulk. This causes a weak ergodicity breaking: typically, an individual\nparticle either stays bound or remains in the bulk for very long times. We\ndiscuss why this may be beneficial for in vivo gene regulation by DNA-binding\nproteins, whose typical concentrations are nanomolar",
        "positive": "Bounds of percolation thresholds in the enhanced binary tree: By studying its subgraphs, it is argued that the lower critical percolation\nthreshold of the enhanced binary tree (EBT) is bounded as $p_{c1} < 0.355059$,\nwhile the upper threshold is bounded both from above and below by 1/2 according\nto renormalization-group arguments. We also review a correlation analysis in an\nearlier work, which claimed a significantly higher estimate of $p_{c2}$ than\n1/2, to show that this analysis in fact gives a consistent result with this\nbound. Our result confirms that the duality relation between critical\nthresholds does not hold exactly for the EBT and its dual, possibly due to the\nlack of transitivity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rare events in stochastic processes with sub-exponential distributions\n  and the Big Jump principle: Rare events in stochastic processes with heavy-tailed distributions are\ncontrolled by the big jump principle, which states that a rare large\nfluctuation is produced by a single event and not by an accumulation of\ncoherent small deviations. The principle has been rigorously proved for sums of\nindependent and identically distributed random variables and it has recently\nbeen extended to more complex stochastic processes involving L\\'evy\ndistributions, such as L\\'evy walks and the L\\'evy-Lorentz gas, using an\neffective rate approach. We review the general rate formalism and we extend its\napplicability to continuous time random walks and to the Lorentz gas, both with\nstretched exponential distributions, further enlarging its applicability. We\nderive an analytic form for the probability density functions for rare events\nin the two models, which clarify specific properties of stretched exponentials.",
        "positive": "A Generalization of Metropolis and Heat-Bath Sampling for Monte Carlo\n  Simulations: For a wide class of applications of the Monte Carlo method, we describe a\ngeneral sampling methodology that is guaranteed to converge to a specified\nequilibrium distribution function. The method is distinct from that of\nMetropolis in that it is sometimes possible to arrange for unconditional\nacceptance of trial moves. It involves sampling states in a local region of\nphase space with probability equal to, in the first approximation, the square\nroot of the desired global probability density function. The validity of this\nchoice is derived from the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation, and the utility of the\nmethod is illustrated by a prototypical numerical experiment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards a Generalized Hydrodynamics description of R\u00e9nyi entropies in\n  integrable systems: We investigate the steady-state R\\'enyi entanglement entropies after a quench\nfrom a piecewise homogeneous initial state in integrable models. In the quench\nprotocol two macroscopically different chains (leads) are joined together at\nthe initial time, and the subsequent dynamics is studied. We study the\nentropies of a finite subsystem at the interface between the two leads. The\ndensity of R\\'enyi entropies coincides with that of the entropies of the\nGeneralized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE) that describes the interface between the\nchains. By combining the Generalized Hydrodynamics (GHD) treatment of the\nquench with the Bethe ansatz approach for the R\\'enyi entropies, we provide\nexact results for quenches from several initial states in the anisotropic\nHeisenberg chain (XXZ chain), although the approach is applicable, in\nprinciple, to any low-entangled initial state and any integrable model. An\ninteresting protocol that we consider is the expansion quench, in which one of\nthe two leads is prepared in the vacuum of the model excitations. An intriguing\nfeature is that for moderately large anisotropy the transport of bound-state is\nnot allowed. Moreover, we show that there is a `critical' anisotropy, above\nwhich bound-state transport is permitted. This is reflected in the steady-state\nentropies, which for large enough anisotropy do not contain information about\nthe bound states. Finally, we benchmark our results against time-dependent\nDensity Matrix Renormalization Group (tDMRG) simulations.",
        "positive": "Deterministic reaction models with power-law forces: We study a one-dimensional particles system, in the overdamped limit, where\nnearest particles attract with a force inversely proportional to a power of\ntheir distance and coalesce upon encounter. The detailed shape of the\ndistribution function for the gap between neighbouring particles serves to\ndiscriminate between different laws of attraction. We develop an exact\nFokker-Planck approach for the infinite hierarchy of distribution functions for\nmultiple adjacent gaps and solve it exactly, at the mean-field level, where\ncorrelations are ignored. The crucial role of correlations and their effect on\nthe gap distribution function is explored both numerically and analytically.\nFinally, we analyse a random input of particles, which results in a stationary\nstate where the effect of correlations is largely diminished."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distinct changes of genomic biases in nucleotide substitution at the\n  time of mammalian radiation: Differences in the regional substitution patterns in the human genome created\npatterns of large-scale variation of base composition known as genomic\nisochores. To gain insight into the origin of the genomic isochores we develop\na maximum likelihood approach to determine the history of substitution patterns\nin the human genome. This approach utilizes the vast amount of repetitive\nsequence deposited in the human genome over the past ~250 MYR. Using this\napproach we estimate the frequencies of seven types of substitutions: the four\ntransversions, two transitions, and the methyl-assisted transition of cytosine\nin CpG. Comparing substitutional patterns in repetitive elements of various\nages, we reconstruct the history of the base-substitutional process in the\ndifferent isochores for the past 250 Myr. At around 90 Myr ago (around the time\nof the mammalian radiation), we find an abrupt 4- to 8-fold increase of the\ncytosine transition rate in CpG pairs compared to that of the reptilian\nancestor. Further analysis of nucleotide substitutions in regions with\ndifferent GC-content reveals concurrent changes in the substitutional patterns.\nWhile the substitutional pattern was dependent on the regional GC-content in\nsuch ways that it preserved the regional GC-content before the mammalian\nradiation, it lost this dependence afterwards. The substitutional pattern\nchanged from an isochore-preserving to an isochore-degrading one. We conclude\nthat isochores have been established before the radiation of the eutherian\nmammals and have been subject to the process of homogenization since then.",
        "positive": "Monte-Carlo sampling of self-energy matrices within sigma-models derived\n  from Hubbard-Stratonovich transformed coherent state path integrals: The 'Neumann-Ulam' Monte-Carlo sampling is described for the calculation of a\nmatrix inversion or a Green function in case of Hubbard-Stratonovich\n(HS-)transformed coherent state path integrals. We illustrate how to circumvent\ndirect numerical inversion of a matrix to its Green function by taking random\nwalks of suitably chosen matrices within a path integral of even- and\ncomplex-valued self-energy matrices. The application of a random walk sampling\nis given by the possible separation of the total matrix, e.g. that matrix which\ndetermines the Green function from its inversion, into a part of unity minus\n(or plus) a matrix which only contains eigenvalues with absolute value smaller\nthan one. This allows to expand the prevailing Green function around the unit\nmatrix in a Taylor expansion with a separated, special matrix of sufficiently\nsmall eigenvalues. The presented sampling method is particularly appropriate\naround the saddle point solution of the self-energy in a sigma model by using\nrandom number generators. It is also capable for random sampling of\nHS-transformed path integrals from fermionic fields which interact through\ngauge invariant bosons according to Yang-Mills theories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Liquid state of hydrogen bond network in ice: Here we show that the Coulomb interaction between violations of the\nBernal-Fowler rules leads to a temperature induced step-wise increase in their\nconcentration by 6-7 orders of magnitude. This first-order phase transition is\naccompanied by commensurable decrease in the relaxation time and can be\ninterpreted as melting of the hydrogen bond network. The new phase with the\nmelted hydrogen lattice and survived oxygen one is unstable in the bulk of ice,\nand further drastic increase in the concentrations of oxygen interstitials and\nvacancies accomplishes the ice melting. The fraction of broken hydrogen bonds\nimmediately after the melting is about 0.07 of their total number that implies\nan essential conservation of oxygen lattice in water.",
        "positive": "Homogeneous complex networks: We discuss various ensembles of homogeneous complex networks and a\nMonte-Carlo method of generating graphs from these ensembles. The method is\nquite general and can be applied to simulate micro-canonical, canonical or\ngrand-canonical ensembles for systems with various statistical weights. It can\nbe used to construct homogeneous networks with desired properties, or to\nconstruct a non-trivial scoring function for problems of advanced motif\nsearching."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolating granular superconductors: We investigate diamagnetic fluctuations in percolating granular\nsuperconductors. Granular superconductors are known to have a rich phase\ndiagram including normal, superconducting and spin glass phases. Focusing on\nthe normal-superconducting and the normal-spin glass transition at low\ntemperatures, we study he diamagnetic susceptibility $\\chi^{(1)}$ and the mean\nsquare fluctuations of the total magnetic moment $\\chi^{(2)}$ of large\nclusters. Our work is based on a random Josephson network model that we analyze\nwith the powerful methods of renormalized field theory. We investigate the\nstructural properties of the Feynman diagrams contributing to the\nrenormalization of $\\chi^{(1)}$ and $\\chi^{(2)}$. This allows us to determine\nthe critical behavior of $\\chi^{(1)}$ and $\\chi^{(2)}$ to arbitrary order in\nperturbation theory.",
        "positive": "Out-of-equilibrium phase transitions in the HMF model: a closer look: We provide a detailed discussion of out-of-equilibrium phase transitions in\nthe Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model in the framework of Lynden-Bell's\nstatistical theory of the Vlasov equation. For two-levels initial conditions,\nthe caloric curve $\\beta(E)$ only depends on the initial value $f_0$ of the\ndistribution function. We evidence different regions in the parameter space\nwhere the nature of phase transitions between magnetized and non-magnetized\nstates changes: (i) for $f_0>0.10965$, the system displays a second order phase\ntransition; (ii) for $0.109497<f_0<0.10965$, the system displays a second order\nphase transition and a first order phase transition; (iii) for\n$0.10947<f_0<0.109497$, the system displays two second order phase transitions;\n(iv) for $f_0<0.10947$, there is no phase transition. The passage from a first\norder to a second order phase transition corresponds to a tricritical point.\nThe sudden appearance of two second order phase transitions from nothing\ncorresponds to a second order azeotropy. This is associated with a phenomenon\nof phase reentrance. When metastable states are taken into account, the problem\nbecomes even richer. In particular, we find a new situation of phase\nreentrance. We consider both microcanonical and canonical ensembles and report\nthe existence of a tiny region of ensembles inequivalence. We also explain why\nthe use of the initial magnetization $M_0$ as an external parameter, instead of\nthe phase level $f_0$, may lead to inconsistencies in the thermodynamical\nanalysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic energy of uniform Bose-Einstein condensate: The Bogoliubov theory of a uniform weakly-nonideal Bose-Einstein condensate\nleads to a divergent expression for the kinetic energy of atoms. However, the\nlatter can be determined provided that the dependence of the scattering length\non atomic mass is known. The explicit expressions are derived for the kinetic\nenergy through parameters that specify interatomic interaction. The kinetic\nenergy of condensate atoms noticeably exceeds the total energy. Numerical data\nare presented for Rb-87 and Na-23 condensates.",
        "positive": "Stationary Regime of Random Resistor Networks Under Biased Percolation: The state of a 2-D random resistor network, resulting from the simultaneous\nevolutions of two competing biased percolations, is studied in a wide range of\nbias values. Monte Carlo simulations show that when the external current $I$ is\nbelow the threshold value for electrical breakdown, the network reaches a\nsteady state with a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic. The properties of\nthis nonlinear regime are investigated as a function of different model\nparameters. A scaling relation is found between $<R>/<R>_0$ and $I/I_0$, where\n$<R>$ is the average resistance, $<R>_0$ the linear regime resistance and $I_0$\nthe threshold value for the onset of nonlinearity. The scaling exponent is\nfound to be independent of the model parameters. A similar scaling behavior is\nalso found for the relative variance of resistance fluctuations. These results\ncompare well with resistance measurements in composite materials performed in\nthe Joule regime up to breakdown."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inference, Prediction, and Entropy-Rate Estimation of Continuous-time,\n  Discrete-event Processes: Inferring models, predicting the future, and estimating the entropy rate of\ndiscrete-time, discrete-event processes is well-worn ground. However, a much\nbroader class of discrete-event processes operates in continuous-time. Here, we\nprovide new methods for inferring, predicting, and estimating them. The methods\nrely on an extension of Bayesian structural inference that takes advantage of\nneural network's universal approximation power. Based on experiments with\ncomplex synthetic data, the methods are competitive with the state-of-the-art\nfor prediction and entropy-rate estimation.",
        "positive": "Critical behaviour of mixed random fibers, fibers on a chain and random\n  graph: We study random fiber bundle model (RFBM) with different threshold strength\ndistributions and load sharing rules. A mixed RFBM within global load sharing\nscheme is introduced which consists of weak and strong fibers with uniform\ndistribution of threshold strength of fibers having a discontinuity. The\ndependence of the critical stress of the above model on the measure of the\ndiscontinuity of the distribution is extensively studied. A similar RFBM with\ntwo types of fibers belonging to two different Weibull distribution of\nthreshold strength is also studied. The variation of the critical stress of a\none dimensional RFBM with the number of fibers is obtained for strictly uniform\ndistribution and local load sharing using an exact method which assumes\none-sided load transfer. The critical behaviour of RFBM with fibers placed on a\nrandom graph having co-ordination number 3 is investigated numerically for\nuniformly distributed threshold strength of fibers subjected to local load\nsharing rule, and mean field critical behaviour is established."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On quantum mean-field models and their quantum annealing: This paper deals with fully-connected mean-field models of quantum spins with\np-body ferromagnetic interactions and a transverse field. For p=2 this\ncorresponds to the quantum Curie-Weiss model (a special case of the\nLipkin-Meshkov-Glick model) which exhibits a second-order phase transition,\nwhile for p>2 the transition is first order. We provide a refined analytical\ndescription both of the static and of the dynamic properties of these models.\nIn particular we obtain analytically the exponential rate of decay of the gap\nat the first-order transition. We also study the slow annealing from the pure\ntransverse field to the pure ferromagnet (and vice versa) and discuss the\neffect of the first-order transition and of the spinodal limit of metastability\non the residual excitation energy, both for finite and exponentially divergent\nannealing times. In the quantum computation perspective this quantity would\nassess the efficiency of the quantum adiabatic procedure as an approximation\nalgorithm.",
        "positive": "Crossover from reptation to Rouse dynamics in a one-dimensional model: A simple one-dimensional model is constructed for polymer motion. It exhibits\nthe crossover from reptation to Rouse dynamics through gradually allowing\nhernia creation and annihilation. The model is treated by the density matrix\ntechnique which permits an accurate finite-size-scaling analysis of the\nbehavior of long polymers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometrical optics of large deviations of fractional Brownian motion: It has been shown recently that the optimal fluctuation method -- essentially\ngeometrical optics -- provides a valuable insight into large deviations of\nBrownian motion. Here we extend the geometrical optics formalism to two-sided,\n$-\\infty<t<\\infty$, fractional Brownian motion (fBM) on the line, which is\n\"pushed\" to a large deviation regime by imposed constraints. We test the\nformalism on three examples where exact solutions are available: the two- and\nthree-point probability distributions of the fBm and the distribution of the\narea under the fBm on a specified time interval. Then we apply the formalism to\nseveral previously unsolved problems by evaluating large-deviation tails of the\nfollowing distributions: (i) of the first-passage time, (ii) of the maximum of,\nand (iii) of the area under, fractional Brownian bridge and fractional Brownian\nexcursion, and (iv) of the first-passage area distribution of the fBm. An\nintrinsic part of a geometrical optics calculation is determination of the\noptimal path -- the most likely realization of the process which dominates the\nprobability distribution of the conditioned process. Due to the non-Markovian\nnature of the fBm, the optimal paths of a fBm, subject to constraints on a\nfinite interval $0<t\\leq T$, involve both the past $-\\infty<t<0$ and the future\n$T<t<\\infty$.",
        "positive": "Inferring the Langevin Equation with Uncertainty via Bayesian Neural\n  Networks: Pervasive across diverse domains, stochastic systems exhibit fluctuations in\nprocesses ranging from molecular dynamics to climate phenomena. The Langevin\nequation has served as a common mathematical model for studying such systems,\nenabling predictions of their temporal evolution and analyses of thermodynamic\nquantities, including absorbed heat, work done on the system, and entropy\nproduction. However, inferring the Langevin equation from observed trajectories\nremains challenging, particularly for nonlinear and high-dimensional systems.\nIn this study, we present a comprehensive framework that employs Bayesian\nneural networks for inferring Langevin equations in both overdamped and\nunderdamped regimes. Our framework first provides the drift force and diffusion\nmatrix separately and then combines them to construct the Langevin equation. By\nproviding a distribution of predictions instead of a single value, our approach\nallows us to assess prediction uncertainties, which can prevent potential\nmisunderstandings and erroneous decisions about the system. We demonstrate the\neffectiveness of our framework in inferring Langevin equations for various\nscenarios including a neuron model and microscopic engine, highlighting its\nversatility and potential impact."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of Red Sites on Elastic and Full Backbone: We investigate the number of red sites on the elastic and real backbone when\nright at the percolation threshold a spanning cluster exists between two sites\nat opposite faces of the lattice and found that it scales in the same way as in\nthe case of percolation between two plates. We also find out that the number of\ncommon red sites scales similarly for both kinds of backbones for percolation\nbetween pairs of sites on opposite faces of the lattice. Our statistics for\nseveral quantities show that the the exponent for the elastic backbone\napproaches the one of the full backbone as dimensionality is increased.",
        "positive": "Universal scaled Higgs-mass gap for the bilayer Heisenberg model in the\n  ordered phase: The spectral properties for the bilayer quantum Heisenberg model were\ninvestigated with the numerical diagonalization method. In the ordered phase,\nthere appears the massive Higgs excitation embedded in the continuum of the\nGoldstone excitations. Recently, it was claimed that the properly scaled Higgs\nmass is a universal constant in proximity to the critical point. Diagonalizing\nthe finite-size cluster with $N \\le 36$ spins, we calculated the dynamical\nscalar susceptibility $\\chi_s\"(\\omega)$, which is rather insensitive to the\nGoldstone mode. A finite-size-scaling analysis of $\\chi_s \"(\\omega)$ is made,\nand the universal (properly scaled) Higgs mass is estimated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The crossover regime for the weakly asymmetric simple exclusion process: We consider the asymmetric simple exclusion process in one dimension with\nweak asymmetry (WASEP) and 0-1 step initial condition. Our interest are the\nfluctuations of the time-integrated particle current at some prescribed spatial\nlocation. One expects a crossover from Gaussian to Tracy-Widom distributed\nfluctuations. The appropriate crossover scale is an asymmetry of order\n$\\epsilon^{-1/2}$, times of order $\\epsilon^{-2}$, and a spatial location of\norder $\\epsilon^{-3/2}$. For this parameter window we obtain the limiting\ndistribution function of the integrated current in terms of an integral over\nthe difference of two Fredholm determinants. For large times, on the scale\n$\\epsilon^{-2}$, this distribution function converges to the one of\nTracy-Widom.",
        "positive": "Dissipative spin dynamics in hot quantum paramagnets: We use the functional renormalization approach for quantum spin systems\ndeveloped by Krieg and Kopietz [Phys. Rev. B $\\mathbf{99}$, 060403(R) (2019)]\nto calculate the spin-spin correlation function $G (\\boldsymbol{k}, \\omega )$\nof quantum Heisenberg magnets at infinite temperature. For small wavevectors\n$\\boldsymbol{k} $ and frequencies $\\omega$ we find that $G ( \\boldsymbol{k},\n\\omega )$ assumes in dimensions $d > 2$ the diffusive form predicted by\nhydrodynamics. In three dimensions our result for the spin-diffusion\ncoefficient ${\\cal{D}}$ is somewhat smaller than previous theoretical\npredictions based on the extrapolation of the short-time expansion, but is\nstill about $30 \\%$ larger than the measured high-temperature value of\n${\\cal{D}}$ in the Heisenberg ferromagnet Rb$_2$CuBr$_4\\cdot$2H$_2$O. In\nreduced dimensions $d \\leq 2$ we find superdiffusion characterized by a\nfrequency-dependent complex spin-diffusion coefficient ${\\cal{D}} ( \\omega )$\nwhich diverges logarithmically in $d=2$, and as a power-law ${\\cal{D}} ( \\omega\n) \\propto \\omega^{-1/3}$ in $d=1$. Our result in one dimension implies scaling\nwith dynamical exponent $z =3/2$, in agreement with recent calculations for\nintegrable spin chains. Our approach is not restricted to the hydrodynamic\nregime and allows us to calculate the dynamic structure factor $S (\n\\boldsymbol{k} , \\omega )$ for all wavevectors. We show how the\nshort-wavelength behavior of $S ( \\boldsymbol{k}, \\omega )$ at high\ntemperatures reflects the relative sign and strength of competing exchange\ninteractions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rigorous Bounds on Eigenstate Thermalization: The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), which asserts that every\neigenstate of a many-body quantum system is indistinguishable from a thermal\nensemble, plays a pivotal role in understanding thermalization of isolated\nquantum systems. Yet, no evidence has been obtained as to whether the ETH holds\nfor $\\textit{any}$ few-body operators in a chaotic system; such few-body\noperators include crucial quantities in statistical mechanics, e.g., the total\nmagnetization, the momentum distribution, and their low-order thermal and\nquantum fluctuations. Here, we identify rigorous upper and lower bounds on\n$m_{\\ast}$ such that $\\textit{all}$ $m$-body operators with $m < m_{\\ast}$\nsatisfy the ETH in fully chaotic systems. For arbitrary dimensional\n$N$-particle systems subject to the Haar measure, we prove that there exist\n$N$-independent positive constants ${\\alpha}_L$ and ${\\alpha}_U$ such that\n${\\alpha}_L \\leq m_{\\ast} / N \\leq {\\alpha}_U$ holds. The bounds ${\\alpha}_L$\nand ${\\alpha}_U$ depend only on the spin quantum number for spin systems and\nthe particle-number density for Bose and Fermi systems. Thermalization of\n$\\textit{typical}$ systems for $\\textit{any}$ few-body operators is thus\nrigorously proved.",
        "positive": "Fokker-Planck formalism approach to Kibble-Zurek scaling laws and\n  non-equilibrium dynamics: We study the non-equilibrium dynamics of second-order phase transitions in a\nsimplified Ginzburg-Landau model using the Fokker-Planck formalism. In\nparticular, we focus on deriving the Kibble-Zurek scaling laws that dictate the\ndependence of spatial correlations on the quench rate. In the limiting cases of\noverdamped and underdamped dynamics, the Fokker-Planck method confirms the\ntheoretical predictions of the Kibble-Zurek scaling theory. The developed\nframework is computationally efficient, enables the prediction of finite-size\nscaling functions and is applicable to microscopic models as well as their\nhydrodynamic approximations. We demonstrate this extended range of\napplicability by analyzing the non-equilibrium linear to zigzag structural\nphase transition in ion Coulomb crystals confined in a trap with periodic\nboundary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Domino tilings and the six-vertex model at its free fermion point: At the free-fermion point, the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary\nconditions (DWBC) can be related to the Aztec diamond, a domino tiling problem.\nWe study the mapping on the level of complete statistics for general domains\nand boundary conditions. This is obtained by associating to both models a set\nof non-intersecting lines in the Lindstroem-Gessel-Viennot (LGV) scheme. One of\nthe consequence for DWBC is that the boundaries of the ordered phases are\ndescribed by the Airy process in the thermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "Universal properties of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic\n  turbulence: Do Alfv\u00e9n waves matter?: We analyse the effects of the propagating Alfv\\'en waves, arising due to\nnon-zero mean magnetic fields, on the nonequilibrium steady states of\nthree-dimensional (3d) homogeneous Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. In\nparticular, the effects of Alfv\\'en waves on the universal properties of 3dMHD\nturbulence are studied in a one-loop self-consistent mode-coupling approach. We\ncalculate the kinetic- and magnetic energy-spectra. We find that {\\em even} in\nthe presence of a mean magnetic field the energy spectra are Kolmogorov-like,\ni.e., scale as $k^{-5/3}$ in the inertial range where $\\bf k$ is a Fourier\nwavevector belonging to the inertial range. We also elucidate the multiscaling\nof the structure functions in a log-normal model by evaluating the relevant\nintermittency exponents, and our results suggest that the multiscaling\ndeviations from the simple Kolmogorov scaling of the structure functions\ndecrease with increasing strength of the mean magnetic field. Our results\ncompare favourably with many existing numerical and observational results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size scaling, dynamic fluctuations, and hyperscaling relation in\n  the Kuramoto model: We revisit the Kuramoto model to explore the finite-size scaling (FSS) of the\norder parameter and its dynamic fluctuations near the onset of the\nsynchronization transition, paying particular attention to effects induced by\nthe randomness of the intrinsic frequencies of oscillators. For a population of\nsize $N$, we study two ways of sampling the intrinsic frequencies according to\nthe {\\it same} given unimodal distribution $g(\\omega)$. In the `{\\em random}'\ncase, frequencies are generated independently in accordance with $g(\\omega)$,\nwhich gives rise to oscillator number fluctuation within any given frequency\ninterval. In the `{\\em regular}' case, the $N$ frequencies are generated in a\ndeterministic manner that minimizes the oscillator number fluctuations, leading\nto quasi-uniformly spaced frequencies in the population. We find that the two\nsamplings yield substantially different finite-size properties with clearly\ndistinct scaling exponents. Moreover, the hyperscaling relation between the\norder parameter and its fluctuations is valid in the regular case, but is\nviolated in the random case. In this last case, a self-consistent mean-field\ntheory that completely ignores dynamic fluctuations correctly predicts the FSS\nexponent of the order parameter but not its critical amplitude.",
        "positive": "Numerical study of non-adiabatic quantum thermodynamics of the driven\n  resonant level model: Non-equilibrium entropy production and higher order\n  corrections: We present our numerical study on quantum thermodynamics of the resonant\nlevel model subjected to non-equilibrium condition as well as external driving.\nFollowing our previous work on non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics (Phys.\nRev. B 101, 184304 [2020]), we expand the density operator into a series of\npower in the driving speed, where we can determine the non-adiabatic\nthermodynamic quantities. Particularly, we calculate the non-equilibrium\nentropy production rate as well as higher order non-adiabatic corrections to\nthe energy and/or population. In the limit of weak system-bath coupling, our\nresults reduce to the one from the quantum master equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jamming and percolation of $k^3$-mers on simple cubic lattices: Jamming and percolation of three-dimensional (3D) $k \\times k \\times k $\ncubic objects ($k^3$-mers) deposited on simple cubic lattices have been studied\nby numerical simulations complemented with finite-size scaling theory. The\n$k^3$-mers were irreversibly deposited into the lattice. Jamming coverage\n$\\theta_{j,k}$ was determined for a wide range of $k$ ($2 \\leq k \\leq 40$).\n$\\theta_{j,k}$ exhibits a decreasing behavior with increasing $k$, being\n$\\theta_{j,k=\\infty}=0.4204(9)$ the limit value for large $k^3$-mer sizes. In\naddition, a finite-size scaling analysis of the jamming transition was carried\nout, and the corresponding spatial correlation length critical exponent $\\nu_j$\nwas measured, being $\\nu_j \\approx 3/2$. On the other hand, the obtained\nresults for the percolation threshold $\\theta_{p,k}$ showed that $\\theta_{p,k}$\nis an increasing function of $k$ in the range $2 \\leq k \\leq 16$. For $k \\geq\n17$, all jammed configurations are non-percolating states, and consequently,\nthe percolation phase transition disappears. The interplay between the\npercolation and the jamming effects is responsible for the existence of a\nmaximum value of $k$ (in this case, $k = 16$) from which the percolation phase\ntransition no longer occurs. Finally, a complete analysis of critical exponents\nand universality has been done, showing that the percolation phase transition\ninvolved in the system has the same universality class as the 3D random\npercolation, regardless of the size $k$ considered.",
        "positive": "Adsorption of para-Hydrogen on Fullerenes: Adsorption of para-Hydrogen on the outer surface of a single fullerene is\nstudied theoretically, by means of ground state Quantum Monte Carlo\nsimulations. We compute energetics and radial density profiles of para-Hydrogen\nfor various coverages on a variety of small fullerenes. The equilibrium\nadsorbed monolayer is commensurate with the surface of the fullerene; as the\nchemical potential is increased, a discontinuous change is generally observed,\nto an incommensurate, compressible layer. Quantum exchanges of Hydrogen\nmolecules are absent in these systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Some exact results for the Smoluchowski equation for a parabolic\n  potential with time dependent delta function sink: The Smoluchowski equation with a time dependent delta function sink is solved\nexactly for many special cases. In all other cases the problem can be reduced\nto an integral equation. It is shown that by knowing the probability\ndistribution at the position of sink, one can derive analytical expression for\nprobability distribution everywhere. Thus the problem is reduced from a PDE in\ntwo variables to an integral equation of one. As far as the authors knowledge,\nwe are the first one to provide an exact analytical solution of Smoluchowski\nequation for a parabolic potential with time dependent sink.",
        "positive": "Lane formation in a lattice model for oppositely driven binary particles: Oppositely driven binary particles with repulsive interactions on the square\nlattice are investigated at the zero-temperature limit. Two classes of steady\nstates related to stuck configurations and lane formations have been\nconstructed in systematic ways under certain conditions. A mean-field type\nanalysis carried out using a percolation problem based on the constructed\nsteady states provides an estimation of the phase diagram, which is\nqualitatively consistent with numerical simulations. Further, finite size\neffects in terms of lane formations are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-local representations of the ageing algebra in higher dimensions: The ageing Lie algebra age(d) and especially its local representations for a\ndynamical exponent z=2 has played an important r\\^ole in the description of\nsystems undergoing simple ageing, after a quench from a disordered state to the\nlow-temperature phase. Here, the construction of representations of age(d) for\ngeneric values of z is described for any space dimension d>1, generalising upon\nearlier results for d=1. The mechanism for the closure of the Lie algebra is\nexplained. The Lie algebra generators contain higher-order differential\noperators or the Riesz fractional derivative. Co-variant two-time response\nfunctions are derived. Some simple applications to exactly solvable models of\nphase separation or interface growth with conserved dynamics are discussed.",
        "positive": "Remembrances of Michael E. Fisher: This contribution will be published in '50 years of the renormalization\ngroup', dedicated to the memory of Michael E. Fisher, edited by Amnon Aharony,\nOra Entin-Wohlman, David Huse, and Leo Radzihovsky, World Scientific. These\npersonal remembrances come in three parts. The first contains a brief personal\nperspective on Michael E. Fisher's contributions to science. The second tells\nhow I came to work with Michael and describes events while I was under his\nsupervision during my graduate years at Cornell University. The third part\nsummarizes recent work, done in collaboration with Suraj Shankar, on\nthermalized buckling of isotopically compressed thin (perhaps atomically thin)\nsheets of materials such as graphene or MoS$_2$. These investigations were\ninspired by Michael's beautiful work on the effect of constraints at critical\npoints, with fluctuations at all length scales, which leads to 'Fisher\nrenormalization' of critical exponents. [1] Thin fluctuating sheets embedded in\nthree dimensions, when they are tensionless as in a cantilever or 'diving\nboard' geometry, are automatically at a critical point everywhere in a low\ntemperature flat phase. However, when we consider thin sheets supported on\nmultiple sides in various ways, Fisher's ideas lead to the inequivalence of\nisotensional and isometric thermodynamic ensembles, which triggers dramatic\ndifferences in some of the critical exponents associated with the two types of\nboundary conditions. [2] Readers not interested in my experiences while a\nstudent at Cornell University may only want to read parts I and III. There are\nalso some concluding remarks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Gallavotti-Cohen symmetry for stochastic systems: Considering Langevin dynamics we derive the general form of the stochastic\ndifferential that satisfies the Gallavotti-Cohen symmetry. This extends the\nwork previously done by Kurchan, and Lebowitz and Spohn on such systems, and we\ntreat systems with and without inertia in a unified manner. We further shown\nthat for systems with a time-reversal invariant steady state there exists a\nstochastic differential for which then the Gallavotti-Cohen symmetry, and all\nits consequences, are valid for finite times. For these systems the\ndifferential can be seen as the direct analogy of the Gibbs-entropy creation\nalong paths in deterministic systems. It differs from previously studied\ndifferentials in that it identically zero for equilibrium systems while on\naverage strictly positive for non-equilibrium system. When the steady state is\nnot time-reversal invariant the Gallavotti-Cohen symmetry is asymptotically\nvalid in the usual long time limit.",
        "positive": "The Inner Phases of Colloidal Hexagonal Ice: Using numerical simulations that mimic recent experiments on hexagonal\ncolloidal ice, we show that colloidal hexagonal artificial spin ice exhibits an\ninner phase within its ice state that has not been observed previously. Under\nincreasing colloid-colloid repulsion, the initially paramagnetic system crosses\ninto a disordered ice-regime, then forms a topologically charge ordered state\nwith disordered colloids, and finally reaches a three-fold degenerate, ordered\nferromagnetic state. This is reminiscent of, yet distinct from, the inner\nphases of the magnetic kagome spin ice analog. The difference in the inner\nphases of the two systems is explained by their difference in energetics and\nfrustration."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inferring Subsystem Efficiencies in Bipartite Molecular Machines: Molecular machines composed of coupled subsystems transduce free energy\nbetween different external reservoirs, in the process internally transducing\nenergy and information. While subsystem efficiencies of these molecular\nmachines have been measured in isolation, less is known about how they behave\nin their natural setting when coupled together and acting in concert. Here we\nderive upper and lower bounds on the subsystem efficiencies of a bipartite\nmolecular machine. We demonstrate their utility by estimating the efficiencies\nof the $\\mathrm{F}_\\mathrm{o}$ and $\\mathrm{F}_1$ subunits of ATP synthase and\nthat of kinesin pulling a diffusive cargo.",
        "positive": "Schrodinger equation approach to non-linear $\u03c3$-models in the large\n  N-limit: Non-linear d-dimensional vector $\\sigma$-models are studied in the large\nN-limit. It is found that a two-point correlation function obeys a standard\nSchrodinger equation for a free quantum particle moving in the\n$\\delta$-function quantum well. The threshold problem for bound states in this\nequation is shown to be equivalent to a critical behavior of these models above\nand below the Curie point.\n  The SU(N)- symmetric Ginzburg-Landau (GL) $\\sigma$-model subject to a uniform\nmagnetic field H is considered in the large-N limit within the Schrodinger\nequation approach. A upper critical magnetic field line $H_{c2}(T)$ of type-II\nsuperconductors for an arbitrary external H is obtained without exploiting the\nlowest Landau level (LLL) approximation. Both low-H perturbation expansion\nterms and exponentially small corrections to the LLL approximation are\ncalculated.\n  Correspondences between the one-particle quantum mechanics and critical\nphenomena as well as some applications of the above method to other models of\nstatistical mechanics are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Legendre-transform structure derived from quantum theorems: By recourse to i) the Hellmann-Feynman theorem and ii) the Virial one, the\ninformation-optimizing principle based on Fisher's information measure uncovers\na Legendre-transform structure associated with Schr\\\"odinger's equation, in\nclose analogy with the structure that lies behind the standard thermodynamical\nformalism. The present developments provide new evidence for the information\ntheoretical links based on Fisher's measure that exist between Schr\\\"odinger's\nequation, on the one hand, and thermodynamics/thermostatistics on the other\none.",
        "positive": "Ashkin-Teller universality in a quantum double model of Ising anyons: We study a quantum double model whose degrees of freedom are Ising anyons.\nThe terms of the Hamiltonian of this system give rise to a competition between\nsingle and double topologies. By studying the energy spectra of the Hamiltonian\nat different values of the coupling constants, we find extended gapless regions\nwhich include a large number of critical points described by conformal field\ntheories with central charge c=1. These theories are part of the Z_2 orbifold\nof the bosonic theory compactified on a circle. We observe that the Hilbert\nspace of our anyonic model can be associated with extended Dynkin diagrams of\naffine Lie algebras which yields exact solutions at some critical points. In\ncertain special regimes, our model corresponds to the Hamiltonian limit of the\nAshkin-Teller model, and hence integrability over a wide range of coupling\nparameters is established."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Experimental study of pedestrian counterflow in a corridor: In this work the results of a pedestrian counterflow experiment in a corridor\nof a width of 2 meter are presented. 67 participants were divided into two\ngroups with varying relative and absolute size and walked in opposite direction\nthrough a corridor. The video footage taken from the experiment was evaluated\nfor passing times, walking speeds, fluxes and lane-formation including symmetry\nbreaking. The results include comparatively large fluxes and speeds as well as\na maximal asymmetry between left- and right-hand traffic. The sum of flow and\ncounterflow in any case turns out to be larger than the flow in all situations\nwithout counterflow.",
        "positive": "Exploring the Gillis model: a discrete approach to diffusion in\n  logarithmic potentials: Gillis model, introduced more than 60 years ago, is a non-homogeneous random\nwalk with a position dependent drift. Though parsimoniously cited both in the\nphysical and mathematical literature, it provides one of the very few examples\nof a stochastic system allowing for a number of exact result, although lacking\ntranslational invariance. We present old and novel results for such model,\nwhich moreover we show represents a discrete version of a diffusive particle in\nthe presence of a logarithmic potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "q-Deformed Statistical-Mechanical Property in the Dynamics of\n  Trajectories en route to the Feigenbaum Attractor: We demonstrate that the dynamics towards and within the Feigenbaum attractor\ncombine to form a q-deformed statistical-mechanical construction. The rate at\nwhich ensemble trajectories converge to the attractor (and to the repellor) is\ndescribed by a q-entropy obtained from a partition function generated by\nsumming distances between neighboring positions of the attractor. The values of\nthe q-indices involved are given by the unimodal map universal constants, while\nthe thermodynamic structure is closely related to that formerly developed for\nmultifractals. As an essential component in our demonstration we expose, at a\npreviously unknown level of detail, the features of the dynamics of\ntrajectories that either evolve towards the Feigenbaum attractor or are\ncaptured by its matching repellor. The dynamical properties of the family of\nperiodic superstable cycles in unimodal maps are seen to be key ingredients for\nthe comprehension of the discrete scale invariance features present at the\nperiod-doubling transition to chaos. We make clear the dynamical origin of the\nanomalous thermodynamic framework existing at the Feigenbaum attractor.",
        "positive": "Driven Lattice Gases with Quenched Disorder: Exact Results and Different\n  Macroscopic Regimes: We study the effect of quenched spatial disorder on the steady states of\ndriven systems of interacting particles. Two sorts of models are studied:\ndisordered drop-push processes and their generalizations, and the disordered\nasymmetric simple exclusion process. We write down the exact steady-state\nmeasure, and consequently a number of physical quantities explicitly, for the\ndrop-push dynamics in any dimensions for arbitrary disorder. We find that three\nqualitatively different regimes of behaviour are possible in 1-$d$ disordered\ndriven systems. In the Vanishing-Current regime, the steady-state current\napproaches zero in the thermodynamic limit. A system with a non-zero current\ncan either be in the Homogeneous regime, chracterized by a single macroscopic\ndensity, or the Segregated-Density regime, with macroscopic regions of\ndifferent densities. We comment on certain important constraints to be taken\ncare of in any field theory of disordered systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Initial state dependence of the quench dynamics in integrable quantum\n  systems: We identify and study classes of initial states in integrable quantum systems\nthat, after the relaxation dynamics following a sudden quench, lead to\nnear-thermal expectation values of few-body observables. In the systems\nconsidered here, those states are found to be insulating ground states of\nlattice hard-core boson Hamiltonians. We show that, as a suitable parameter in\nthe initial Hamiltonian is changed, those states become closer to Fock states\n(products of single site states) as the outcome of the relaxation dynamics\nbecomes closer to the thermal prediction. At the same time, the energy density\napproaches a Gaussian. Furthermore, the entropy associated with the generalized\ncanonical and generalized grand-canonical ensembles, introduced to describe\nobservables in integrable systems after relaxation, approaches that of the\nconventional canonical and grand-canonical ensembles. We argue that those\nclasses of initial states are special because a control parameter allows one to\ntune the distribution of conserved quantities to approach the one in thermal\nequilibrium. This helps in understanding the approach of all the quantities\nstudied to their thermal expectation values. However, a finite-size scaling\nanalysis shows that this behavior should not be confused with thermalization as\nunderstood for nonintegrable systems.",
        "positive": "Density matrices for finite segments of Heisenberg chains of arbitrary\n  length: We derive a multiple integral representing the ground state density matrix of\na segment of length $m$ of the XXZ spin chain on $L$ lattice sites, which\ndepends on $L$ only parametrically. This allows us to treat chains of arbitrary\nfinite length. Specializing to the isotropic limit of the XXX chain we show for\nsmall $m$ that the multiple integrals factorize. We conjecture that this\nproperty holds for arbitrary $m$ and suggest an exponential formula for the\ndensity matrix which involves only a double Cauchy type integral in the\nexponent. We demonstrate the efficiency of our formula by computing the\nnext-to-nearest neighbour $zz$-correlation function for chain lengths ranging\nfrom two to macroscopic numbers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From the sinh-Gordon field theory to the one-dimensional Bose gas: exact\n  local correlations and full counting statistics: We derive exact formulas for the expectation value of local observables in a\none-dimensional gas of bosons with point-wise repulsive interactions\n(Lieb-Liniger model). Starting from a recently conjectured expression for the\nexpectation value of vertex operators in the sinh-Gordon field theory, we\nderive explicit analytic expressions for the one-point $K$-body correlation\nfunctions $\\langle (\\Psi^\\dagger)^K(\\Psi)^K\\rangle$ in the Lieb-Liniger gas,\nfor arbitrary integer $K$. These are valid for all excited states in the\nthermodynamic limit, including thermal states, generalized Gibbs ensembles and\nnon-equilibrium steady states arising in transport settings. Our formulas\ndisplay several physically interesting applications: most prominently, they\nallow us to compute the full counting statistics for the particle-number\nfluctuations in a short interval. Furthermore, combining our findings with the\nrecently introduced generalized hydrodynamics, we are able to study multi-point\ncorrelation functions at the Eulerian scale in non-homogeneous settings. Our\nresults complement previous studies in the literature and provide a full\nsolution to the problem of computing one-point functions in the Lieb Liniger\nmodel.",
        "positive": "Scaling and aging in the homogeneous cooling state of a granular fluid\n  of hard particles: The presence of the aging phenomenon in the homogeneous cooling state (HCS)\nof a granular fluid composed of inelastic hard spheres or disks is\ninvestigated. As a consequence of the scaling property of the $N$-particle\ndistribution function, it is obtained that the decay of the normalized two-time\ncorrelation functions slows down as the time elapsed since the beginning of the\nmeasurement increases. This result is confirmed by molecular dynamics\nsimulations for the particular case of the total energy of the system. The\nagreement is also quantitative in the low density limit, for which an explicit\nanalytical form of the time correlation function has been derived. The reported\nresults also provide support for the existence of the HCS as a solution of the\nN-particle Liouville equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Criticality at Shock Formation in Steady States: The steady state shock formation in processes like nonconserving asymmetric\nsimple exclusion processes in varied situations is shown to be a nonequilibrium\ncritical phenomenon. The diverging length scales and the quantitative\ndescription of the transition including the phase boundary are obtained from a\nfew general properties of the dynamics without relying on specific details.",
        "positive": "Two-Loop Corrections to Large Order Behavior of $\\varphi^4$ Theory: We consider the large order behavior of the perturbative expansion of the\nscalar $\\varphi^4$ field theory in terms of a perturbative expansion around an\ninstanton solution. We have computed the series of the free energy up to\ntwo-loop order in two and three dimension. Topologically there is only an\nadditional Feynman diagram with respect to the previously known one dimensional\ncase, but a careful treatment of renormalization is needed. The propagator and\nFeynman diagrams were expressed in a form suitable for numerical evaluation. We\nthen obtained explicit expressions summing over $O(10^3)$ distinct eigenvalues\ndetermined numerically with the corresponding eigenfunctions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Target search kinetics for random walkers with memory: In this chapter, we consider the problem of a non-Markovian random walker\n(displaying memory effects) searching for a target. We review an approach that\nlinks the first passage statistics to the properties of trajectories followed\nby the random walker in the future of the first passage time. This approach\nholds in one and higher spatial dimensions, when the dynamics in the vicinity\nof the target is Gaussian, and it is applied to three paradigmatic target\nsearch problems: the search for a target in confinement, the search for a\nrarely reached configuration (rare event kinetics), or the search for a target\nin infinite space, for processes featuring stationary increments or transient\naging. The theory gives access to the mean first passage time (when it exists)\nor to the behavior of the survival probability at long times, and agrees with\nthe available exact results obtained perturbatively for examples of weakly\nnon-Markovian processes. This general approach reveals that the\ncharacterization of the non-equilibrium state of the system at the instant of\nfirst passage is key to derive first-passage kinetics, and provides a new\nmethodology, via the analysis of trajectories after the first-passage, to make\nit quantitative.",
        "positive": "Quantum quenches in the sine--Gordon model: a semiclassical approach: We compute the time evolution of correlation functions after quantum quenches\nin the sine--Gordon model within the semiclassical approximation which is\nexpected to yield accurate results for small quenches. We demonstrate this by\nreproducing results of a recent form factor calculation of the relaxation of\nexpectation values. Extending these results, we find that the expectation\nvalues of most vertex operators do not decay to zero. We give analytic\nexpressions for the relaxation of dynamic correlation functions, and we show\nthat they have diffusive behavior for large timelike separation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on: \"Roughness of Interfacial Crack Fronts: Stress-Weighted\n  Percolation in the Damage Zone\": This is a comment on J. Schmittbuhl, A. Hansen, and G. G. Batrouni, Phys.\nRev. Lett. 90, 045505 (2003). They offer a reply, in turn.",
        "positive": "Many-body quantum chaos and emergence of Ginibre ensemble: We show that non-Hermitian Ginibre random matrix behaviors emerge in\nspatially-extended many-body quantum chaotic systems in the space direction,\njust as Hermitian random matrix behaviors emerge in chaotic systems in the time\ndirection. Starting with translational invariant models, which can be\nassociated with dual transfer matrices with complex-valued spectra, we show\nthat the linear ramp of the spectral form factor necessitates that the dual\nspectra have non-trivial correlations, which in fact fall under the\nuniversality class of the Ginibre ensemble, demonstrated by computing the level\nspacing distribution and the dissipative spectral form factor. As a result of\nthis connection, the exact spectral form factor for the Ginibre ensemble can be\nused to universally describe the spectral form factor for translational\ninvariant many-body quantum chaotic systems in the scaling limit where $t$ and\n$L$ are large, while the ratio between $L$ and $L_{\\mathrm{Th}}$, the many-body\nThouless length is fixed. With appropriate variations of Ginibre models, we\nanalytically demonstrate that our claim generalizes to models without\ntranslational invariance as well. The emergence of the Ginibre ensemble is a\ngenuine consequence of the strongly interacting and spatially extended nature\nof the quantum chaotic systems we consider, unlike the traditional emergence of\nHermitian random matrix ensembles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the approximation of Feynman-Kac path integrals for quantum\n  statistical mechanics: Discretizations of the Feynman-Kac path integral representation of the\nquantum mechanical density matrix are investigated. Each infinite-dimensional\npath integral is approximated by a Riemann integral over a finite-dimensional\nfunction space, by restricting the integration to a subspace of all admissible\npaths. Using this process, a wide class of methods can be derived, with each\nmethod corresponding to a different choice for the approximating subspace. The\ntraditional ``short-time'' approximation and ``Fourier discretization'' can be\nrecovered from this approach, using linear and spectral basis functions\nrespectively. As an illustration, a novel method is formulated using cubic\nelements and is shown to have improved convergence properties when applied to a\nsimple model problem.",
        "positive": "Unhappy Vertices in Artificial Spin Ice: Degeneracy from\n  Vertex-Frustration: In 1935, Pauling estimated the residual entropy of water ice with remarkable\naccuracy by considering the degeneracy of the ice rule {\\it solely at the\nvertex level}. Indeed, his estimate works well for both the three-dimensional\npyrochlore lattice and the two-dimensional six-vertex model, solved by Lieb in\n1967. The case of honeycomb artificial spin ice is similar: its pseudo-ice\nrule, like the ice rule in Pauling and Lieb's systems, simply extends a\ndegeneracy which is already present in the vertices to the global ground state.\nThe anisotropy of the magnetic interaction limits the design of inherently\ndegenerate vertices in artificial spin ice, and the honeycomb is the only\ndegenerate array produced so far. In this paper we show how to engineer\nartificial spin ice in a virtually infinite variety of degenerate geometries\nbuilt out of non-degenerate vertices. In this new class of vertex models, the\nresidual entropy follows not from a freedom of choice at the vertex level, but\nfrom the nontrivial relative arrangement of the vertices themselves. In such\narrays, loops exist along which not all of the vertices can be chosen in their\nlowest energy configuration: these loops are therefore vertex-frustrated since\nthey contain unhappy vertices. Residual entropy emerges in these lattices as\nconfigurational freedom in allocating the unhappy vertices of the ground state.\nThese new geometries will finally allow for the fabrication of many novel\nextensively degenerate artificial spin ice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Appearance of branched motifs in the spectra of $BC_N$ type\n  Polychronakos spin chains: As is well known, energy levels appearing in the highly degenerate spectra of\nthe $A_{N-1}$ type of Haldane-Shastry and Polychronakos spin chains can be\nclassified through the motifs, which are characterized by some sequences of the\nbinary digits like `0' and `1'. In a similar way, at present we classify all\nenergy levels appearing in the spectra of the $BC_N$ type of Polychronakos spin\nchains with Hamiltonians containing supersymmetric analogue of polarized spin\nreversal operators. To this end, we show that the $BC_N$ type of multivariate\nsuper Rogers-Szeg\\\"o (SRS) polynomials, which at a certain limit reduce to the\npartition functions of the later type of Polychronakos spin chains, satisfy\nsome recursion relation involving a $q$-deformation of the elementary\nsupersymmetric polynomials. Subsequently, we use a Jacobi-Trudi like formula to\ndefine the corresponding $q$-deformed super Schur polynomials and derive a\nnovel expression for the $BC_N$ type of multivariate SRS polynomials as\nsuitable linear combinations of the $q$-deformed super Schur polynomials. Such\nan expression for SRS polynomials leads to a complete classification of all\nenergy levels appearing in the spectra of the $BC_N$ type of Polychronakos spin\nchains through the `branched' motifs, which are characterized by some sequences\nof integers of the form $(\\delta_1, \\delta_2,..., \\delta_{N-1}|l)$, where\n$\\delta_i \\in \\{ 0,1 \\}$ and $ l \\in \\{ 0,1,...,N \\}$. Finally, we derive an\nextended boson-fermion duality relation among the restricted super Schur\npolynomials and show that the partition functions of the $BC_N$ type of\nPolychronakos spin chains also exhibit similar type of duality relation.",
        "positive": "Information thermodynamics for interacting stochastic systems without\n  bipartite structure: Fluctuations in biochemical networks, e.g., in a living cell, have a complex\norigin that precludes a description of such systems in terms of bipartite or\nmultipartite processes, as is usually done in the framework of stochastic\nand/or information thermodynamics. This means that fluctuations in each\nsubsystem are not independent: subsystems jump simultaneously if the dynamics\nis modeled as a Markov jump process, or noises are correlated for diffusion\nprocesses. In this paper, we consider information and thermodynamic exchanges\nbetween a pair of coupled systems that do not satisfy the bipartite property.\nThe generalization of information-theoretic measures, such as learning rates\nand transfer entropy rates, to this situation is non-trivial and also involves\nintroducing several additional rates. We describe how this can be achieved in\nthe framework of general continuous-time Markov processes, without restricting\nthe study to the steady-state regime. We illustrate our general formalism on\nthe case of diffusion processes and derive an extension of the second law of\ninformation thermodynamics in which the difference of transfer entropy rates in\nthe forward and backward time directions replaces the learning rate. As a side\nresult, we also generalize an important relation linking information theory and\nestimation theory. To further obtain analytical expressions we treat in detail\nthe case of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, and discuss the ability of the\nvarious information measures to detect a directional coupling in the presence\nof correlated noises. Finally, we apply our formalism to the analysis of the\ndirectional influence between cellular processes in a concrete example, which\nalso requires considering the case of a non-bipartite and non-Markovian\nprocess."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First and second order transition in frustrated XY systems: The nature of the phase transition for the XY stacked triangular\nantiferromagnet (STA) is a controversial subject at present. The field\ntheoretical renormalization group (RG) in three dimensions predicts a first\norder transition. This prediction disagrees with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations\nwhich favor a new universality class or a tricritical transition. We simulate\nby the Monte Carlo method two models derived from the STA by imposing the\nconstraint of local rigidity which should have the same critical behavior as\nthe original model. A strong first order transition is found. Following Zumbach\nwe analyze the second order transition observed in MC studies as due to a fixed\npoint in the complex plane. We review the experimental results in order to\nclarify the different critical behavior observed.",
        "positive": "Molecular transitions in Fermi condensates: We discuss the transition of fermion systems to a condensate of Bose dimers,\nwhen the interaction is varied by use of a Feshbach resonance. We argue that\nthere is an intermediate phase between the superfluid Fermi gas and the Bose\ncondensate of molecules, consisting of extended dimers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Super-elastic collisions of thermal activated nanoclusters: Impact processes of nanoclusters subject to thermal fluctuations are\ninvestigated, theoretically. In the former half of the paper, we discuss the\nbasis of quasi-static theory. In the latter part, we carry out the molecular\ndynamics simulation of collisions between two identical nanoclusters, and\nreport some statistical properties of impacts of nanoclusters.",
        "positive": "Genuine Multipartite Entanglement in the $XY$ Model: We analyze the $XY$ model characterized by an anisotropy $\\gamma$ in an\nexternal magnetic field $h$ with respect to its genuine multipartite\nentanglement content (in the thermodynamic and finite size case). Despite its\nsimplicity we show that the quantity -detecting genuine multipartite\nentanglement through permutation operators and being a lower bound on measures-\nwitnesses the presence of genuine multipartite entanglement for nearly all\nvalues of $\\gamma$ and $h$. We further show that the phase transition and\nscaling properties are fully characterized by this multipartite quantity.\nConsequently, we provide a useful toolbox for other condensed matter systems,\nwhere bipartite entanglement measures are known to fail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov states in one-dimensional\n  spin-polarized ultracold atomic Fermi gases: We present a systematic study of quantum phases in a one-dimensional\nspin-polarized Fermi gas. Three comparative theoretical methods are used to\nexplore the phase diagram at zero temperature: the mean-field theory with\neither an order parameter in a single-plane-wave form or a self-consistently\ndetermined order parameter using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, as well as\nthe exact soluble Bethe ansatz method. We find that a spatially inhomogeneous\nFulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phase, which lies between the fully paired BCS\nstate and the fully polarized normal state, dominates most of the phase diagram\nof a uniform gas. The phase transition from the BCS state to the\nFulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phase is of second order, and therefore there\nare no phase separation states in one-dimensional homogeneous polarized gases.\nThis is in sharp contrast to the three-dimensional situation, where a phase\nseparation regime is predicted to occupy a very large space in the phase\ndiagram. We conjecture that the prediction of the dominance of the phase\nseparation phases in three dimension could be an artifact of the\nnon-self-consistent mean-field approximation, which is heavily used in the\nstudy of three-dimensional polarized Fermi gases. We consider also the effect\nof a harmonic trapping potential on the phase diagram, and find that in this\ncase the trap generally leads to phase separation, in accord with the\nexperimental observations for a trapped gas in three dimension. We finally\ninvestigate the local fermionic density of states of the\nFulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov ansatz. A two-energy-gap structure is shown\nup, which could be used as an experimental probe of the\nFulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov states.",
        "positive": "Mapping Fermion and Boson systems onto the Fock space of harmonic\n  oscillators: The fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) is very general and applies to a\nbroad variety of different physical phenomena in condensed matter physics. With\nthe help of the FDT and following the famous work of Caldeira and Leggett, we\nshow that, whenever linear response theory applies, any generic bosonic or\nfermionic system at finite temperature $T$ can be mapped onto a fictitious\nsystem of free harmonic oscillators. To the best of our knowledge, this is the\nfirst time that such a mapping is explicitly worked out. This finding provides\nfurther theoretical support to the phenomenological harmonic oscillator models\ncommonly used in condensed matter. Moreover, our result helps in clarifying an\ninterpretation issue related to the presence and physical origin of the\nBose-Einstein factor in the FDT."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structures built by steps of evaporated crystal surface Monte Carlo\n  simulations and experimental data for GaN epi layers: We present Monte Carlo simulation data obtained for the annealed surface\nGaN(0001) and compare them with the experimental data. High temperature\nparticle evaporation is a part of substrate preparation processes before\nepitaxy. The ideal surface ordering expected after such heating is a pattern of\nparallel, equally distanced steps. It appears however, that different types of\nstep structures emerge at high temperatures. We show how the creation of\ncharacteristic patterns depends on the temperature and the annealing time. The\nfirst pattern is created for a very short evaporation time and consists of\nrough steps. The second pattern built by curly steps is characteristic for\nlonger evaporation times and lower temperatures. The third pattern, in which\nsteps merge together creating bunches of steps happens for the long enough\ntime. At higher temperatures, bunches of steps bend into the wavy-like\nstructures.",
        "positive": "The Information Geometry of the One-Dimensional Potts Model: In various statistical-mechanical models the introduction of a metric onto\nthe space of parameters (e.g. the temperature variable, $\\beta$, and the\nexternal field variable, $h$, in the case of spin models) gives an alternative\nperspective on the phase structure. For the one-dimensional Ising model the\nscalar curvature, ${\\cal R}$, of this metric can be calculated explicitly in\nthe thermodynamic limit and is found to be ${\\cal R} = 1 + \\cosh (h) /\n\\sqrt{\\sinh^2 (h) + \\exp (- 4 \\beta)}$. This is positive definite and, for\nphysical fields and temperatures, diverges only at the zero-temperature,\nzero-field ``critical point'' of the model.\n  In this note we calculate ${\\cal R}$ for the one-dimensional $q$-state Potts\nmodel, finding an expression of the form ${\\cal R} = A(q,\\beta,h) + B\n(q,\\beta,h)/\\sqrt{\\eta(q,\\beta,h)}$, where $\\eta(q,\\beta,h)$ is the Potts\nanalogue of $\\sinh^2 (h) + \\exp (- 4 \\beta)$. This is no longer positive\ndefinite, but once again it diverges only at the critical point in the space of\nreal parameters. We remark, however, that a naive analytic continuation to\ncomplex field reveals a further divergence in the Ising and Potts curvatures at\nthe Lee-Yang edge."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium dynamic critical scaling of the quantum Ising chain: We solve for the time-dependent finite-size scaling functions of the 1D\ntransverse-field Ising chain during a linear-in-time ramp of the field through\nthe quantum critical point. We then simulate Mott-insulating bosons in a tilted\npotential, an experimentally-studied system in the same equilibrium\nuniversality class, and demonstrate that universality holds for the dynamics as\nwell. We find qualitatively athermal features of the scaling functions, such as\nnegative spin correlations, and show that they should be robustly observable\nwithin present cold atom experiments.",
        "positive": "Characterizing Phase Transitions in Liquid Cesium by a Soft-core and\n  Large Attractive Equation of State: This paper investigates to identify phase transitions in condensed liquid\ncesium metal by considering the variation of intermolecular potential\nparameters \\epsilon and r_m in the whole liquid range, with \\epsilon being the\npotential well-depth and r_m the position of minimum potential. These\nparameters were obtained from the parameters of a new equation of state that\nwas derived recently by using the characteristic potential function. By this\nmethod, transitions at about 575 K, 800 K, 1000 K, 1350 K and 1650 K were\nidentified. Transitions at 575 K, 800 K, and 1000 K are weak but, the one at\n1350 K is very significant and has been explored experimentally and\ntheoretically as the metal non-metal transition (MNMT), which is a phase\ntransition before the critical condition dominates the thermodynamics. Also\nvariations of the linear correlation coefficient of the isotherms generate a\nspot point pattern of these transitions. Our observations at 575 K for \\epsilon\nand r_m are in accord with the anomalies in adiabatic thermal coefficient of\npressure, density, viscosity, electrical conductivity, and structure factor."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jarzynski Equality for an Energy-Controlled System (Proceedings of\n  nanoPHYS'11): We extend the Jarzynski equality, which is an exact identity between the\nequilibrium and nonequilibrium averages, to be useful to compute the value of\nthe entropy difference by changing the Hamiltonian. To derive our result, we\nintroduce artificial dynamics where the instantaneous value of the energy can\nbe arbitrarily controlled during a nonequilibrium process. We establish an\nexact identity on such a process corresponding to the so-called Jarzynski\nequality. It is suggested that our formulation is valuable in a practical\napplication as in optimization problems.",
        "positive": "Multiscaling in Infinite Dimensional Collision Processes: We study relaxation properties of two-body collisions in infinite spatial\ndimension. We show that this process exhibits multiscaling asymptotic behavior\nas the underlying distribution is characterized by an infinite set of\nnontrivial exponents. These nonequilibrium relaxation characteristics are found\nto be closely related to the steady state properties of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fermion-induced quantum critical point in the Landau-Devonshire model: Fluctuations can change the phase transition properties drastically. An\nexample is the fermion-induced quantum critical point (FIQCP), in which\nfluctuations of the massless Dirac fermions turn a putative Landau-de Gennes\nfirst-order phase transition (FOPT) with a cubic boson interaction into a\ncontinuous one. However, for the Landau-Devonshire theory, which characterizes\nanother very large class of FOPTs, its fate under the coupling with extra\nfluctuations has not been explored. Here, we discover a new type of FIQCP, in\nwhich the Dirac fermion fluctuations round the boson Landau-Devonshire FOPT\ninto a continuous phase transition. By using the functional renormalization\ngroup analyses, we determine the condition for the appearance of this FIQCP.\nMoreover, we point out that the present FIQCP can be a supersymmetric critical\npoint. We finally show that the low-temperature phase diagram can provide\ndistinct experimental evidences to detect this FIQCP.",
        "positive": "Multiplicative duality, q-triplet and (mu,nu,q)-relation derived from\n  the one-to-one correspondence between the (mu,nu)-multinomial coefficient and\n  Tsallis entropy Sq: We derive the multiplicative duality \"q<->1/q\" and other typical mathematical\nstructures as the special cases of the (mu,nu,q)-relation behind Tsallis\nstatistics by means of the (mu,nu)-multinomial coefficient. Recently the\nadditive duality \"q<->2-q\" in Tsallis statistics is derived in the form of the\none-to-one correspondence between the q-multinomial coefficient and Tsallis\nentropy. A slight generalization of this correspondence for the multiplicative\nduality requires the (mu,nu)-multinomial coefficient as a generalization of the\nq-multinomial coefficient. This combinatorial formalism provides us with the\none-to-one correspondence between the (mu,nu)-multinomial coefficient and\nTsallis entropy Sq, which determines a concrete relation among three parameters\nmu, nu and q, i.e., nu(1-mu)+1=q which is called \"(mu,nu,q)-relation\" in this\npaper. As special cases of the (mu,nu,q)-relation, the additive duality and the\nmultiplicative duality are recovered when nu=1 and nu=q, respectively. As other\nspecial cases, when nu=2-q, a set of three parameters (mu,nu,q) is identified\nwith the q-triplet (q_{sen},q_{rel},q_{stat}) recently conjectured by Tsallis.\nMoreover, when nu=1/q, the relation 1/(1-q_{sen})=1/alpha_{min}-1/alpha_{max}\nin the multifractal singularity spectrum f(alpha) is recovered by means of the\n(mu,nu,q)-relation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interaction-disorder competition in a spin system evaluated through the\n  Loschmidt Echo: The interplay between interactions and disorder in closed quantum many-body\nsystems is relevant for thermalization phenomenon. In this article, we address\nthis competition in an infinite temperature spin system, by means of the\nLoschmidt echo (LE), which is based on a time reversal procedure. This quantity\nhas been formerly employed to connect quantum and classical chaos, and in the\npresent many-body scenario we use it as a dynamical witness. We assess the LE\ntime scales as a function of disorder and interaction strengths. The strategy\nenables a qualitative phase diagram that shows the regions of ergodic and\nnonergodic behavior of the polarization under the echo dynamics.",
        "positive": "From data to noise to data: mixing physics across temperatures with\n  generative artificial intelligence: Using simulations or experiments performed at some set of temperatures to\nlearn about the physics or chemistry at some other arbitrary temperature is a\nproblem of immense practical and theoretical relevance. Here we develop a\nframework based on statistical mechanics and generative Artificial Intelligence\nthat allows solving this problem. Specifically, we work with denoising\ndiffusion probabilistic models, and show how these models in combination with\nreplica exchange molecular dynamics achieve superior sampling of the\nbiomolecular energy landscape at temperatures that were never even simulated\nwithout assuming any particular slow degrees of freedom. The key idea is to\ntreat the temperature as a fluctuating random variable and not a control\nparameter as is usually done. This allows us to directly sample from the joint\nprobability distribution in configuration and temperature space. The results\nhere are demonstrated for a chirally symmetric peptide and single-strand\nribonucleic acid undergoing conformational transitions in all-atom water. We\ndemonstrate how we can discover transition states and metastable states that\nwere previously unseen at the temperature of interest, and even bypass the need\nto perform further simulations for wide range of temperatures. At the same\ntime, any unphysical states are easily identifiable through very low Boltzmann\nweights. The procedure while shown here for a class of molecular simulations\nshould be more generally applicable to mixing information across simulations\nand experiments with varying control parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous heat equation in a system connected to thermal reservoirs: We study anomalous transport in a one-dimensional system with two conserved\nquantities in presence of thermal baths. In this system we derive exact\nexpressions of the temperature profile and the two point correlations in steady\nstate as well as in the non-stationary state where the later describes the\nrelaxation to the steady state. In contrast to the Fourier heat equation in the\ndiffusive case, here we show that the evolution of the temperature profile is\ngoverned by a non-local anomalous heat equation. We provide numerical\nverifications of our results.",
        "positive": "Extended duality relations between birth-death processes and partial\n  differential equations: Duality relations between continuous-state and discrete-state stochastic\nprocesses with continuous-time have already been studied and used in various\nresearch fields. We propose extended duality relations, which enable us to\nderive discrete-state stochastic processes from arbitrary diffusion-type\npartial differential equations. The derivation is based on the Doi-Peliti\nformalism and the algebraic probability theory, and it will be clarified that\nadditional states for the discrete-state stochastic processes must be\nconsidered in some cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport behaviour of a Bose Einstein condensate in a bichromatic\n  optical lattice: The Bloch and dipole oscillations of a Bose Einstein condensate (BEC) in an\noptical superlattice is investigated. We show that the effective mass increases\nin an optical superlattice, which leads to localization of the BEC, in\naccordance with recent experimental observations [16]. In addition, we find\nthat the secondary optical lattice is a useful additional tool to manipulate\nthe dynamics of the atoms.",
        "positive": "Berry Phase Effects on Dynamics of Quasiparticles in a Superfluid with a\n  Vortex: We study quasiparticle dynamics in a Bose-Einstein condensate with a vortex\nby following the center of mass motion of a Bogoliubov wavepacket, and find\nimportant Berry phase effects due to the background flow. We show that Berry\nphase invalidates the usual canonical relation between the mechanical momentum\nand position variables, leading to important modifications of quasiparticle\nstatistics and thermodynamic properties of the condensates. Applying these\nresults to a vortex in an infinite uniform superfluid, we find that the total\ntransverse force acting on the vortex is proportional to the superfluid\ndensity. We propose an experimental setup to directly observe Berry phase\neffects through measuring local thermal atoms momentum distribution around a\nvortex."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Itineration of the Internet over Nonequilibrium Stationary States in\n  Tsallis Statistics: The cumulative probability distribution of sparseness time interval in the\nInternet is studied by the method of data analysis. Round-trip time between a\nlocal host and a destination host through ten odd routers is measured using the\nPing Command, i.e., doing echo experiment. It is found that the data are well\ndescribed by the q-exponential destributions, which maximize the Tsallis\nentropy indexed by q less or larger than unity. The network is observed to\nitinerate over a series of the nonequilibrium stationary states characterized\nby Tsallis statistics.",
        "positive": "Unsaturated bipartite entanglement of a spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model\n  on a triangulated Husimi lattice: A bipartite entanglement between two nearest-neighbor Heisenberg spins of a\nspin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model on a triangulated Husimi lattice is quantified\nusing a concurrence. It is shown that the concurrence equals zero in a\nclassical ferromagnetic and a quantum disordered phase, while it becomes\nsizable though unsaturated in a quantum ferromagnetic phase. A\nthermally-assisted reentrance of the concurrence is found above a classical\nferromagnetic phase, whereas a quantum ferromagnetic phase displays a striking\ncusp of the concurrence at a critical temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bimodality and hysteresis in systems driven by confined L\u00e9vy flights: We demonstrate occurrence of bimodality and dynamical hysteresis in a system\ndescribing an overdamped quartic oscillator perturbed by additive white and\nasymmetric L\\'evy noise. Investigated estimators of the stationary probability\ndensity profiles display not only a turnover from unimodal to bimodal character\nbut also a change in a relative stability of stationary states that depends on\nthe asymmetry parameter of the underlying noise term. When varying the\nasymmetry parameter cyclically, the system exhibits a hysteresis in the\noccupation of a chosen stationary state.",
        "positive": "A Sum Rule for the Two-Dimensional Two-Component Plasma: In a two-dimensional two-component plasma, the second moment of the density\ncorrelation function has the simple value {12 pi [1-(gamma/4)]^2}^{-1}, where\ngamma is the dimensionless coupling constant. This result is derived by using\nanalogies with critical systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structure of the Partition Function and Transfer Matrices for the Potts\n  Model in a Magnetic Field on Lattice Strips: We determine the general structure of the partition function of the $q$-state\nPotts model in an external magnetic field, $Z(G,q,v,w)$ for arbitrary $q$,\ntemperature variable $v$, and magnetic field variable $w$, on cyclic, M\\\"obius,\nand free strip graphs $G$ of the square (sq), triangular (tri), and honeycomb\n(hc) lattices with width $L_y$ and arbitrarily great length $L_x$. For the\ncyclic case we prove that the partition function has the form $Z(\\Lambda,L_y\n\\times L_x,q,v,w)=\\sum_{d=0}^{L_y} \\tilde c^{(d)} Tr[(T_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y,d})^m]$,\nwhere $\\Lambda$ denotes the lattice type, $\\tilde c^{(d)}$ are specified\npolynomials of degree $d$ in $q$, $T_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y,d}$ is the corresponding\ntransfer matrix, and $m=L_x$ ($L_x/2$) for $\\Lambda=sq, tri (hc)$,\nrespectively. An analogous formula is given for M\\\"obius strips, while only\n$T_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y,d=0}$ appears for free strips. We exhibit a method for\ncalculating $T_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y,d}$ for arbitrary $L_y$ and give illustrative\nexamples. Explicit results for arbitrary $L_y$ are presented for\n$T_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y,d}$ with $d=L_y$ and $d=L_y-1$. We find very simple formulas\nfor the determinant $det(T_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y,d})$. We also give results for\nself-dual cyclic strips of the square lattice.",
        "positive": "An introduced effective-field theory study of spin-1 transverse Ising\n  model with crystal field anisotropy in a longitudinal magnetic field: A spin-1 transverse Ising model with longitudinal crystal field in a\nlongitudinal magnetic field is examined by introducing an effective field\napproximation (IEFT) which includes the correlations between different spins\nthat emerge when expanding the identities. The effects of the crystal field as\nwell as the transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields on the thermal and\nmagnetic properties of the spin system are discussed in detail. The order\nparameters, Helmholtz free energy and entropy curves are calculated numerically\nas functions of the temperature and Hamiltonian parameters. A number of\ninteresting phenomena such as reentrant phenomena originating from the\ntemperature, crystal field, transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields have\nbeen found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic diagonal entropy and its connection to basic thermodynamic\n  relations: We define a diagonal entropy (d-entropy) for an arbitrary Hamiltonian system\nas $S_d=-\\sum_n \\rho_{nn}\\ln \\rho_{nn}$ with the sum taken over the basis of\ninstantaneous energy states. In equilibrium this entropy coincides with the\nconventional von Neumann entropy $S_n=-{\\rm Tr}\\, \\rho\\ln\\rho$. However, in\ncontrast to $S_n$, the d-entropy is not conserved in time in closed Hamiltonian\nsystems. If the system is initially in stationary state then in accord with the\nsecond law of thermodynamics the d-entropy can only increase or stay the same.\nWe also show that the d-entropy can be expressed through the energy\ndistribution function and thus it is measurable, at least in principle. Under\nvery generic assumptions of the locality of the Hamiltonian and\nnon-integrability the d-entropy becomes a unique function of the average energy\nin large systems and automatically satisfies the fundamental thermodynamic\nrelation. This relation reduces to the first law of thermodynamics for\nquasi-static processes. The d-entropy is also automatically conserved for\nadiabatic processes. We illustrate our results with explicit examples and show\nthat $S_d$ behaves consistently with expectations from thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "From prethermalization to chaos in periodically driven coupled rotors: Periodically driven (Floquet) systems are said to prethermalize when their\nenergy absorption is very slow for long time. This effect was first discovered\nin quantum spin models, where the heating rate is exponentially small in the\nratio between the driving frequency and the spin bandwidth. Recently, it was\nshown that prethermalization occurs also in classical systems with an infinite\nbandwidth. Here, we address the open question of which small parameter controls\nthe lifetime of the prethermal state in these systems. We, first, numerically\nstudy the dependence of the lifetime on the initial conditions and on the\nconnectivity in a system of periodically driven coupled rotors. We find that\nthe lifetime is controlled by the temperature of the prethermal state, which is\nquasi-conserved when the heating is slow. This finding allows us to develop a\nsimple analytical model that describes the crossover from prethermalization to\nchaos in many-body classical systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Binary lattice-gases of particles with soft exclusion: Exact phase\n  diagrams for tree-like lattices: We study equilibrium properties of binary lattice-gases comprising $A$ and\n$B$ particles, which undergo continuous exchanges with their respective\nreservoirs, maintained at chemical potentials $\\mu_A = \\mu_B = \\mu$. The\nparticles interact via on-site hard-core exclusion and also between the\nnearest-neighbours: there are a soft repulsion for $AB$ pairs and interactions\nof arbitrary strength $J$, positive or negative, for $AA$ and $BB$ pairs. For\ntree-like Bethe and Husimi lattices, we determine the full phase diagram of\nsuch a ternary mixture of particles and voids. We show that for $J$ being above\na lattice-dependent threshold value, the critical behaviour is similar: the\nsystem undergoes a transition at $\\mu = \\mu_c$ from a phase with equal mean\ndensities of species into a phase with a spontaneously broken symmetry, in\nwhich the mean densities are no longer equal. Depending on the value of $J$,\nthis transition can be either continuous or of the first order. For\nsufficiently big negative $J$, the behaviour on the two lattices becomes\nmarkedly different: while for the Bethe lattice there exists a continuous\ntransition into a phase with an alternating order followed by a continuous\nre-entrant transition into a disordered phase, an alternating order phase is\nabsent on the Husimi lattice due to strong frustration effects.",
        "positive": "Underbarrier nucleation kinetics in a metastable quantum liquid near the\n  spinodal: We develop a theory in order to describe the effect of relaxation in a\ncondensed medium upon the quantum decay of a metastable liquid near the\nspinodal at low temperatures. We find that both the regime and the rate of\nquantum nucleation strongly depend on the relaxation time and its temperature\nbehavior. The quantum nucleation rate slows down with the decrease of the\nrelaxation time. We also discuss the low temperature experiments on cavitation\nin normal $^3$He and superfluid $^4$He at negative pressures. It is the sharp\ndistinctions in the high frequency sound mode and in the temperature behavior\nof the relaxation time that make the quantum cavitation kinetics in $^3$He and\n$^4$He completely different in kind."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Systems poised to criticality through Pareto selective forces: Pareto selective forces optimize several targets at the same time, instead of\nsingle fitness functions. Systems subjected to these forces evolve towards\ntheir Pareto front, a geometrical object akin to the thermodynamical Gibbs\nsurface and whose shape and differential geometry underlie the existence of\nphase transitions. In this paper we outline the connection between the Pareto\nfront and criticality and critical phase transitions. It is shown how, under\ndefinite circumstances, Pareto selective forces drive a system towards a\ncritical ensemble that separates the two phases of a first order phase\ntransition. Different mechanisms implementing such Pareto selective dynamics\nare revised.",
        "positive": "Mathematical Modeling of Soliton's Evolution in Generalized Quantum\n  Hydrodynamics: This paper addresses the fundamental principles of generalized Boltzmann\nphysical kinetics, as a part of non-local physics. It is shown that the theory\nof transport processes (including quantum mechanics) can be considered in the\nframe of unified theory based on the non-local physical description. The paper\ncan be considered also as comments and prolongation of the materials published\nin the known author's monograph (Boris V. Alexeev, Generalized Boltzmann\nPhysical Kinetics. Elsevier. 2004). The theory leads to solitons as typical\nformations in the generalized quantum hydrodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Golf-course and funnel energy landscapes: Protein folding concepts in\n  martensites: We use protein folding energy landscape concepts such as golf-course and\nfunnel to study re-equilibration in athermal martensite parameter regime of\ntriangle-to-centered rectangle, square-to-oblique, and triangle-to-oblique\ntransitions under systematic temperature-quench Monte Carlo simulations. On\nquenching below a transition temperature, the seeded high-symmetry parent-phase\naustenite that converts to the low-symmetry product-phase martensite, through\nautocatalytic twinning or elastic photocopying, has both rapid conversions and\nincubation-delays in the temperature-time-transformation phase diagram. We find\nthe rapid (incubation-delays) conversions at low (high) temperatures arises\nfrom the presence of large (small) size of golf-course edge that has funnel\ninside for negative energy states. In the incubating state, the strain\nstructure factor enters into the Brillouin zone golf-course through searches\nfor finite transitional pathways which closes off at the transition temperature\nwith Vogel-Fulcher divergences that are insensitive to Hamiltonian energy\nscales and log-normal distributions, as signatures of dominant entropy\nbarriers. The crossing of the entropy barrier is identified through energy\noccupancy distributions, Monte Carlo acceptance fractions, heat emission and\ninternal work. The above ideas had previously been presented for the scalar\norder parameter case. Here we show similar results are also obtained for vector\norder parameters.",
        "positive": "High temperature dynamics in quantum compass models: We analyze the high temperature spin dynamics of compass models using a\nmoment expansion. We point out that the evaluation of moments maps to the\nenumeration of paths in a branching process on the lattice. This mapping to a\nstatistical mechanics combinatorics problem provides an elegant visualization\nof the analysis. We present results for the time dependent spin correlation\nfunction (which is of relevance to NMR experiments) for two compass models: the\nKitaev honeycomb model and two-dimensional compass model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations in Active Matter Systems: We investigate the non-equilibrium character of self-propelled particles\nthrough the study of the linear response of the active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck\nparticle (AOUP) model. We express the linear response in terms of correlations\ncomputed in the absence of perturbations, proposing a particularly compact and\nreadable fluctuation-dissipation relation (FDR): such an expression explicitly\nseparates equilibrium and non-equilibrium contributions due to self-propulsion.\nAs a case study, we consider non-interacting AOUP confined in single-well and\ndouble-well potentials. In the former case, we also unveil the effect of\ndimensionality, studying one, two, and three-dimensional dynamics. We show that\ninformation about the distance from equilibrium can be deduced from the FDR,\nputting in evidence the roles of position and velocity variables in the\nnon-equilibrium relaxation.",
        "positive": "Generalised partition functions: Inferences on phase space distributions: The statistical mechanical partition function can be used to construct\ndifferent forms of phase space distributions not restricted to the\nGibbs-Boltzmann factor. With a generalised Lorentzian both the Kappa-Bose and\nKappa-Fermi partition functions are obtained in straightforward way, from which\nthe conventional Bose and Fermi distributions follow for $\\kappa\\to\\infty$. For\n$\\kappa\\neq\\infty$ these are subject to the restrictions that they can be used\nonly at temperatures far from zero. They thus, as shown earlier, have little\nvalue for quantum physics. This is reasonable, because physical\n$\\kappa$-systems imply strong correlations which are absent at zero temperature\nwhere appart from stochastics all dynamical interactions are frozen. In the\nclassical large temperature limit one obtains physically reasonable\n$\\kappa$-distributions which depend on energy respectively momentum as well as\non chemical potential. Looking for other functional dependencies, we examine\nBessel functions whether they can be used for obtaining valid distributions.\nAgain and for the same reason, no Fermi and Bose distributions exist in the low\ntemperature limit. However, a classical Bessel-Boltzmann distribution can be\nconstructed which is a Bessel-modified Lorentzian distribution. Whether it\nmakes any physical sense remains an open question. This is not investigated\nhere. The choice of Bessel functions is motivated solely by their convergence\nproperties and not by reference to any physical demands. This result suggests\nthat the Gibbs-Boltzmann partition function is fundamental not only to\nGibbs-Boltzmann but also to a large class of generalised Lorentzian\ndistributions as well as to the corresponding nonextensive statistical\nmechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Response to arXiv:0811.1802 \"Comment on 'Conjectures on exact solution\n  of three-dimensional (3D) Ising lattices'\" by Perk and Singularities at/near\n  infinite temperature: Reply to Perk's Rejoinder arXiv:0901.2935: Part I: The error of eq. (15b) in my article [Z.D. Zhang, Phil. Mag. 87, 5309\n(2007), arXiv:0705.1045] in the application of the Jordan-Wigner transformation\ndoes not affect the validity of the putative exact solution, since the solution\nis not derived directly from it. Other objections of Perk's Comment\narXiv:0811.1802v2 are the same as those in Wu et al's Comments arXiv:0811.3876\nand arXiv:0812.2837, which do not stand on solid ground and have been rejected\nin the previous Response arXiv:0812.2330. The conjectured solution can be\nutilized to understand critical phenomena in various systems, while the\nconjectures are open to prove rigorously. Part II: This is a Reply to Perk's\nRejoinder arXiv:0901.2935. It is shown that the basis of the objections in\nPerk's Rejoinder, with respect to singularities at/near infinite temperature,\nis based on an error that mixes the concepts of T approaching infinite and T =\ninfinite. It is shown that the reduced free energy per site f can be used only\nfor finite temperatures (beta > 0), not for 'exactly' infinite temperature\n(beta = 0). At the thermodynamic limit N approaches infinite, besides\ninfinite-temperature zeros of Z at z = -1 for H = +/- i infinite in the limit\nof beta approaching zero, there exists another singularity at z = 1 for the\npartition function, which is usually concealed in literature by setting Z to\nthe power of 1/N and dividing the total free energy F by N (equally,\ndisregarding the singularity of zeros of 1/Z. The objections in Perk's\nRejoinder are thoroughly disproved.",
        "positive": "Aging of the frictional properties induced by temperature variations: The dry frictional contact between two solid surfaces is well-known to obey\nCoulomb friction laws. In particular, the static friction force resisting the\nrelative lateral (tangential) motion of solid surfaces, initially at rest, is\nknown to be proportional to the normal force and independent of the area of the\nmacroscopic surfaces in contact. Experimentally, the static friction force has\nbeen observed to slightly depend on time. Such an aging phenomenon has been\naccounted for either by the creep of the material or by the condensation of\nwater bridges at the microscopic contacts points. Studying a toy-model, we show\nthat the small uncontrolled temperature changes of the system can also lead to\na significant increase of the static friction force."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The \"not-A\", RSPT and Potts phases in an $S_3$-invariant chain: We analyse in depth an $S_3$-invariant nearest-neighbor quantum chain in the\nregion of a U(1)-invariant self-dual multicritical point. We find four distinct\nproximate gapped phases. One has three-state Potts order, corresponding to\ntopological order in a parafermionic formulation. Also nearby is a phase with\n\"representation\" symmetry-protected topological (RSPT) order. Its dual exhibits\nan unusual \"not-A\" order, where the spins prefer to align in two of the three\ndirections. Within each of the four phases, we find a frustration-free point\nwith exact ground state(s). The exact RSPT ground state is similar to that of\nAffleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki, whereas its dual states in the not-A phase are\nproduct states, each an equal-amplitude sum over all states where one of the\nthree spin states on each site is absent. A field-theory analysis shows that\nall transitions are in the universality class of the critical three-state Potts\nmodel. They provide a lattice realization of a flow from a free-boson field\ntheory to the Potts conformal field theory.",
        "positive": "Middle-Field Cusp Singularities in the Magnetization Process of\n  One-Dimensional Quantum Antiferromagnets: We study the zero-temperature magnetization process (M-H curve) of\none-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets using a variant of the density-matrix\nrenormalization group method. For both the S=1/2 zig-zag spin ladder and the\nS=1 bilinear-biquadratic chain, we find clear cusp-type singularities in the\nmiddle-field region of the M-H curve. These singularities are successfully\nexplained in terms of the double-minimum shape of the energy dispersion of the\nlow-lying excitations. For the S=1/2 zig-zag spin ladder, we find that the cusp\nformation accompanies the Fermi-liquid to non-Fermi-liquid transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random field Ising model on networks with inhomogeneous connections: We study a zero-temperature phase transition in the random field Ising model\non scale-free networks with the degree exponent $\\gamma$. Using an analytic\nmean-field theory, we find that the spins are always in the ordered phase for\n$\\gamma<3$. On the other hand, the spins undergo a phase transition from an\nordered phase to a disordered phase as the dispersion of the random fields\nincreases for $\\gamma > 3$. The phase transition may be either continuous or\ndiscontinuous depending on the shape of the random field distribution. We\nderive the condition for the nature of the phase transition. Numerical\nsimulations are performed to confirm the results.",
        "positive": "The Transition State in a Noisy Environment: Transition State Theory overestimates reaction rates in solution because\nconventional dividing surfaces between reagents and products are crossed many\ntimes by the same reactive trajectory. We describe a recipe for constructing a\ntime-dependent dividing surface free of such recrossings in the presence of\nnoise. The no-recrossing limit of Transition State Theory thus becomes\ngenerally available for the description of reactions in a fluctuating\nenvironment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Driving-Induced Symmetry Breaking in the Spin-Boson System: A symmetric dissipative two-state system is asymptotically completely\ndelocalized independent of the initial state. We show that driving-induced\nlocalization at long times can take place when both the bias and tunneling\ncoupling energy are harmonically modulated. Dynamical symmetry breaking on\naverage occurs when the driving frequencies are odd multiples of some reference\nfrequency. This effect is universal, as it is independent of the dissipative\nmechanism. Possible candidates for an experimental observation are flux\ntunneling in the variable barrier rf SQUID and magnetization tunneling in\nmagnetic molecular clusters.",
        "positive": "Poissonian noise assisted transport in periodic systems: We revisit the problem of transport of a harmonically driven inertial\nparticle moving in a {\\it symmetric} periodic potential, subjected to {\\it\nunbiased} non-equilibrium generalized white Poissonian noise and coupled to\nthermal bath. Statistical asymmetry of Poissonian noise is sufficient to induce\ntransport and under presence of external harmonic driving this system exhibits\na phenomenon of multiple velocity reversals. Consequently, one can manipulate\nthe direction of transport just by adjusting the parameters of externally\napplied forces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Short-range stationary patterns and long-range disorder in an evolution\n  equation for one-dimensional interfaces: A novel local evolution equation for one-dimensional interfaces is derived in\nthe context of erosion by ion beam sputtering. We present numerical simulations\nof this equation which show interrupted coarsening in which an ordered cell\npattern develops with constant wavelength and amplitude at intermediate\ndistances, while the profile is disordered and rough at larger distances.\nMoreover, for a wide range of parameters the lateral extent of ordered domains\nranges up to tens of cells. This behavior is new in the context of dynamics of\nsurfaces or interfaces with morphological instabilities. We also provide\nanalytical estimates for the stationary pattern wavelength and mean growth\nvelocity.",
        "positive": "Maximum relative height of elastic interfaces in random media: The distribution of the maximal relative height (MRH) of self-affine\none-dimensional elastic interfaces in a random potential is studied. We analyze\nthe ground state configuration at zero driving force, and the critical\nconfiguration exactly at the depinning threshold, both for the random-manifold\nand random-periodic universality classes. These configurations are sampled by\nexact numerical methods, and their MRH distributions are compared with those\nwith the same roughness exponent and boundary conditions, but produced by\nindependent Fourier modes with normally distributed amplitudes. Using Pickands'\ntheorem we derive an exact analytical description for the right tail of the\nlatter. After properly rescaling the MRH distributions we find that corrections\nfrom the Gaussian independent modes approximation are in general small, as\npreviously found for the average width distribution of depinning\nconfigurations. In the large size limit all corrections are finite except for\nthe ground-state in the random-periodic class whose MRH distribution becomes,\nfor periodic boundary conditions, indistinguishable from the Airy distribution.\nWe find that the MRH distributions are, in general, sensitive to changes of\nboundary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "II. Territory covered by N random walkers on stochastic fractals. The\n  percolation aggregate: The average number $S_N(t)$ of distinct sites visited up to time t by N\nnoninteracting random walkers all starting from the same origin in a disordered\nfractal is considered. This quantity $S_N(t)$ is the result of a double\naverage: an average over random walks on a given lattice followed by an average\nover different realizations of the lattice. We show for two-dimensional\npercolation clusters at criticality (and conjecture for other stochastic\nfractals) that the distribution of the survival probability over these\nrealizations is very broad in Euclidean space but very narrow in the chemical\nor topological space. This allows us to adapt the formalism developed for\nEuclidean and deterministic fractal lattices to the chemical language, and an\nasymptotic series for $S_N(t)$ analogous to that found for the non-disordered\nmedia is proposed here. The main term is equal to the number of sites (volume)\ninside a ``hypersphere'' in the chemical space of radius $L [\\ln (N)/c]^{1/v}$\nwhere L is the root-mean-square chemical displacement of a single random\nwalker, and v and c determine how fast $1-\\Gamma_t(\\ell)$ (the probability that\na given site at chemical distance $\\ell$ from the origin is visited by a single\nrandom walker by time t) decays for large values of $\\ell/L$:\n$1-\\Gamma_t(\\ell)\\sim \\exp[-c(\\ell/L)^v]$. The parameters appearing in the\nfirst two asymptotic terms of $S_N(t)$ are estimated by numerical simulation\nfor the two-dimensional percolation cluster at criticality. The corresponding\ntheoretical predictions are compared with simulation data, and the agreement is\nfound to be very good.",
        "positive": "Enumerations of lattice animals and trees: We have developed an improved algorithm that allows us to enumerate the\nnumber of site animals on the square lattice up to size 46. We also calculate\nthe number of lattice trees up to size 44 and the radius of gyration of both\nlattice animals and trees up to size 42. Analysis of the resulting series\nyields an improved estimate, $\\lambda = 4.062570(8)$, for the growth constant\nof lattice animals, and, $\\lambda_0 = 3.795254(8)$, for the growth constant of\ntrees, and confirms to a very high degree of certainty that both the animal and\ntree generating functions have a logarithmic divergence. Analysis of the radius\nof gyration series yields the estimate, $\\nu = 0.64115(5)$, for the size\nexponent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bridges in the random-cluster model: The random-cluster model, a correlated bond percolation model, unifies a\nrange of important models of statistical mechanics in one description,\nincluding independent bond percolation, the Potts model and uniform spanning\ntrees. By introducing a classification of edges based on their relevance to the\nconnectivity we study the stability of clusters in this model. We derive\nseveral exact relations for general graphs that allow us to derive\nunambiguously the finite-size scaling behavior of the density of bridges and\nnon-bridges. For percolation, we are also able to characterize the point for\nwhich clusters become maximally fragile and show that it is connected to the\nconcept of the bridge load. Combining our exact treatment with further results\nfrom conformal field theory, we uncover a surprising behavior of the variance\nof the number of (non-)bridges, showing that these diverge in two dimensions\nbelow the value $4\\cos^2{(\\pi/\\sqrt{3})}=0.2315891\\cdots$ of the cluster\ncoupling $q$. Finally, it is shown that a partial or complete pruning of\nbridges from clusters enables estimates of the backbone fractal dimension that\nare much less encumbered by finite-size corrections than more conventional\napproaches.",
        "positive": "Free Energy Landscapes, Diffusion Coefficients, and Kinetic Rates from\n  Transition Paths: We address the problem of constructing accurate mathematical models of the\ndynamics of complex systems projected on a collective variable. To this aim we\nintroduce a conceptually simple yet effective algorithm for estimating the\nparameters of Langevin and Fokker-Planck equations from a set of short,\npossibly out-of-equilibrium molecular dynamics trajectories, obtained for\ninstance from transition path sampling or as relaxation from high free-energy\nconfigurations. The approach maximizes the model likelihood based on any\nexplicit expression of the short-time propagator, hence it can be applied to\ndifferent evolution equations. We demonstrate the numerical efficiency and\nrobustness of the algorithm on model systems, and we apply it to reconstruct\nthe projected dynamics of pairs of C60 and C240 fullerene molecules in explicit\nwater. Our methodology allows reconstructing the accurate thermodynamics and\nkinetics of activated processes, namely free energy landscapes, diffusion\ncoefficients, and kinetic rates. Compared to existing enhanced sampling\nmethods, we directly exploit short unbiased trajectories at a competitive\ncomputational cost."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shock propagation in a granular chain: We numerically solve the propagation of a shock wave in a chain of elastic\nbeads with no restoring forces under traction (no-tension elasticity). We find\na sequence of peaks of decreasing amplitude and velocity. Analyzing the main\npeak at different times we confirm a recently proposed scaling law for its\ndecay.",
        "positive": "Kane-Fisher weak link physics in the clean scratched-XY model: The nature of the superfluid-insulator transition in 1D has been much debated\nrecently. In particular, to describe the strong disorder regime characterized\nby weak link proliferation, a scratched-XY model has been proposed [New J.\nPhys. \\textbf{18}, 045018 (2016)], where the transport is dominated by a single\nanomalously weak link and is governed by Kane-Fisher weak link physics. In this\narticle, we consider the simplest problem to which the scratched-XY model\nrelates: a single weak link in an otherwise \\textit{clean} system, with an\nintensity $J_W$ which decreases algebraically with the size of the system\n$J_W\\sim L^{-\\alpha}$. Using a renormalization group approach and a vortex\nenergy argument, we describe the Kane-Fisher physics in this model and show\nthat it leads to a transition from a transparent regime for $K>K_c$ to a\nperfect cut for $K<K_c$, with an adjustable $K_c=1/(1-\\alpha)$ depending on\n$\\alpha$. We check our theoretical predictions with Monte Carlo numerical\nsimulations complemented by finite-size scaling. Our results clarify two\nimportant assumptions at the basis of the scratched-XY scenario, the behaviors\nof the crossover length scale from weak link physics to transparency and of the\nsuperfluid stiffness."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Investigating Extreme Dependences: Concepts and Tools: We investigate the relative information content of six measures of dependence\nbetween two random variables $X$ and $Y$ for large or extreme events for\nseveral models of interest for financial time series. The six measures of\ndependence are respectively the linear correlation $\\rho^+_v$ and Spearman's\nrho $\\rho_s(v)$ conditioned on signed exceedance of one variable above the\nthreshold $v$, or on both variables ($\\rho_u$), the linear correlation\n$\\rho^s_v$ conditioned on absolute value exceedance (or large volatility) of\none variable, the so-called asymptotic tail-dependence $\\lambda$ and a\nprobability-weighted tail dependence coefficient ${\\bar \\lambda}$. The models\nare the bivariate Gaussian distribution, the bivariate Student's distribution,\nand the factor model for various distributions of the factor. We offer explicit\nanalytical formulas as well as numerical estimations for these six measures of\ndependence in the limit where $v$ and $u$ go to infinity. This provides a\nquantitative proof that conditioning on exceedance leads to conditional\ncorrelation coefficients that may be very different from the unconditional\ncorrelation and gives a straightforward mechanism for fluctuations or changes\nof correlations, based on fluctuations of volatility or changes of trends.\nMoreover, these various measures of dependence exhibit different and sometimes\nopposite behaviors, suggesting that, somewhat similarly to risks whose adequate\ncharacterization requires an extension beyond the restricted one-dimensional\nmeasure in terms of the variance (volatility) to include all higher order\ncumulants or more generally the knowledge of the full distribution,\ntail-dependence has also a multidimensional character.",
        "positive": "Interacting Dreaming Neural Networks: We study the interaction of agents, where each one consists of an associative\nmemory neural network trained with the same memory patterns and possibly\ndifferent reinforcement-unlearning dreaming periods. Using replica methods, we\nobtain the rich equilibrium phase diagram of the coupled agents. It shows\nphases such as the student-professor phase, where only one network benefits\nfrom the interaction while the other is unaffected; a mutualism phase, where\nboth benefit; an indifferent phase and an insufficient phase, where neither are\nbenefited nor impaired; a phase of amensalism where one is unchanged and the\nother is damaged. In addition to the paramagnetic and spin glass phases, there\nis also one we call the reinforced delusion phase, where agents concur without\nhaving finite overlaps with memory patterns. For zero coupling constant, the\nmodel becomes the reinforcement and removal dreaming model, which without\ndreaming is the Hopfield model. For finite coupling and a single memory\npattern, it becomes a Mattis version of the Ashkin-Teller model. In addition to\nthe analytical results, we have explored the model with Monte Carlo\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adaptive Brownian Dynamics: A framework for performant Brownian Dynamics (BD) many-body simulations with\nadaptive timestepping is presented. Contrary to the Euler-Maruyama scheme in\ncommon non-adaptive BD, we employ an embedded Heun-Euler integrator for the\npropagation of the overdamped coupled Langevin equations of motion. This\nenables the derivation of a local error estimate and the formulation of\ncriteria for the acceptance or rejection of trial steps and for the control of\noptimal stepsize. Introducing erroneous bias in the random forces is avoided by\nRejection Sampling with Memory (RSwM) due to Rackauckas and Nie, which makes\nuse of the Brownian bridge theorem and guarantees the correct generation of a\nspecified random process even when rejecting trial steps. For test cases of\nLennard-Jones fluids in bulk and in confinement, it is shown that adaptive BD\nsolves performance and stability issues of conventional BD, already\noutperforming the latter even in standard situations. We expect this novel\ncomputational approach to BD to be especially helpful in long-time simulations\nof complex systems, e.g. in non-equilibrium, where concurrent slow and fast\nprocesses occur.",
        "positive": "Accelerating random walks by disorder: We investigate the dynamic impact of heterogeneous environments on\nsuperdiffusive random walks known as L\\'evy flights. We devote particular\nattention to the relative weight of source and target locations on the rates\nfor spatial displacements of the random walk. Unlike ordinary random walks\nwhich are slowed down for all values of the relative weight of source and\ntarget, non-local superdiffusive processes show distinct regimes of attenuation\nand acceleration for increased source and target weight, respectively.\nConsequently, spatial inhomogeneities can facilitate the spread of\nsuperdiffusive processes, in contrast to common belief that external disorder\ngenerally slows down stochastic processes. Our results are based on a novel\ntype of fractional Fokker-Planck equation which we investigate numerically and\nby perturbation theory for weak disorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Influence of Striction Effects on the Multicritical Behavior of\n  Homogeneous Systems: A field-theoretical description of the behavior of homogeneous, elastically\nisotropic, compressible systems characterized by two order parameters at the\nbicritical and tetracritical points is presented. For three-dimensional\nIsing-like systems, a similar description is performed in the two-loop\napproximation in three dimensions. The renormalization group equations are\nanalyzed, and fixed points corresponding to different types of multicritical\nbehavior are determined. It is shown that the effect of elastic strains causes\na change from a bicritical behavior to a tetracritical one and leads to the\nappearance of a wide variety of multicritical points.",
        "positive": "Accessing power-law statistics under experimental constraints: Over the last decades, impressive progresses have been made in many\nexperimental domains, e.g. microscopic techniques such as single-particle\ntracking, leading to plethoric amounts of data. In a large variety of systems,\nfrom natural to socio-economic, the analysis of these experimental data\nconducted us to conclude about the omnipresence of power-laws. For example, in\nliving systems, we are used to observing anomalous diffusion, e.g. in the\nmotion of proteins within the cell. However, estimating the power-law exponents\nis challenging. Both technical constraints and experimental limitations affect\nthe statistics of observed data. Here, we investigate in detail the influence\nof two essential constraints in the experiment, namely, the temporal-spatial\nresolution and the time-window of the experiment. We study how the observed\ndistribution of an observable is modified by them and analytically derive the\nexpression of the power-law distribution for the observed distribution through\nthe scope of the experiment. We also apply our results on data from an\nexperimental study of the transport of mRNA-protein complexes along dendrites."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective Conductivity and Critical Properties of a Hexagonal Array of\n  Superconducting Cylinders: Effective conductivity of a 2D composite corresponding to the regular\nhexagonal arrangement of superconducting disks is expressed in the form of a\nlong series in the volume fraction of ideally conducting disks. According to\nour calculations based on various re-summation techniques, both the threshold\nand critical index are obtained in good agreement with expected values. The\ncritical amplitude is in the interval $(5.14,5.24)$ that is close to the\ntheoretical estimation $5.18$. The next order (constant) term in the high\nconcentration regime is calculated for the first time, and the best estimate is\nequal to $(-6.229)$. Final formula is derived for the effective conductivity\nfor arbitrary volume fraction.",
        "positive": "Limit theorems for L\u00e9vy walks in $d$ dimensions: rare and bulk\n  fluctuations: We consider super-diffusive L\\'evy walks in $d \\geqslant 2$ dimensions when\nthe duration of a single step, i.e., a ballistic motion performed by a walker,\nis governed by a power-law tailed distribution of infinite variance and finite\nmean. We demonstrate that the probability density function (PDF) of the\ncoordinate of the random walker has two different scaling limits at large\ntimes. One limit describes the bulk of the PDF. It is the $d-$dimensional\ngeneralization of the one-dimensional L\\'evy distribution and is the\ncounterpart of central limit theorem (CLT) for random walks with finite\ndispersion. In contrast with the one-dimensional L\\'evy distribution and the\nCLT this distribution does not have universal shape. The PDF reflects\nanisotropy of the single-step statistics however large the time is. The other\nscaling limit, the so-called 'infinite density', describes the tail of the PDF\nwhich determines second (dispersion) and higher moments of the PDF. This limit\nrepeats the angular structure of PDF of velocity in one step. Typical\nrealization of the walk consists of anomalous diffusive motion (described by\nanisotropic $d-$dimensional L\\'evy distribution) intermitted by long ballistic\nflights (described by infinite density). The long flights are rare but due to\nthem the coordinate increases so much that their contribution determines the\ndispersion. We illustrate the concept by considering two types of L\\'evy walks,\nwith isotropic and anisotropic distributions of velocities. Furthermore, we\nshow that for isotropic but otherwise arbitrary velocity distribution the\n$d-$dimensional process can be reduced to one-dimensional L\\'evy walk."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Expansion of the Gibbs potential for quantum many-body systems: General\n  formalism with applications to the spin glass and the weakly non-ideal Bose\n  gas: For general quantum systems the power expansion of the Gibbs potential and\nconsequently the power expansion of the self energy is derived in terms of the\ninteraction strength. Employing a generalization of the projector technique a\ncompact representation of the general terms of the expansion results. The\ngeneral aspects of the approach are discussed with special emphasis on the\neffects characteristic for quantum systems. The expansion is systematic and\nleads directly to contributions beyond mean-field of all thermodynamic\nquantities. These features are explicitly demonstrated and illustrated for two\nnon-trivial systems, the infinite range quantum spin glass and the weakly\ninteracting Bose gas. The Onsager terms of both systems are calculated, which\nrepresent the first beyond mean-field contributions. For the spin glass new\nTAP-like equations are presented and discussed in the paramagnetic region. The\ninvestigation of the Bose gas leads to a beyond mean-field thermodynamic\ndescription. At the Bose-Einstein condensation temperature complete agreement\nis found with the results presented recently by alternative techniques.",
        "positive": "First-passage times for random walks in bounded domains: We present a novel computational method of first-passage times between a\nstarting site and a target site of regular bounded lattices. We derive accurate\nexpressions for all the moments of this first-passage time, validated by\nnumerical simulations. Their range of validity is discussed. We also consider\nthe case of a starting site and two targets. In addition, we present the\nextension to continuous Brownian motion. These results are of great relevance\nto any system involving diffusion in confined media."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complex Networks: An outline of recent work on complex networks is given from the point of view\nof a physicist. Motivation, achievements and goals are discussed with some of\nthe typical applications from a wide range of academic fields. An introduction\nto the relevant literature and useful resources is also given.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium free energy differences from a linear nonequilibrium\n  equality: Extracting equilibrium information from nonequilibrium measurements is a\nchallenge task of great importance in understanding the thermodynamic\nproperties of physical, chemical, and biological systems. The discovery of the\nJarzynski equality illumines the way to estimate the equilibrium free energy\ndifference from the work performed in nonequilibrium driving processes.\nHowever, the nonlinear (exponential) relation causes the poor convergence of\nthe Jarzynski equality. Here, we propose a concise method to estimate the free\nenergy difference through a linear nonequilibrium equality which inherently\nconverges faster than nonlinear nonequilibrium equalities. This linear\nnonequilibrium equality relies on an accelerated isothermal process which is\nrealized by using a unified variational approach, named variational shortcuts\nto isothermality. We apply our method to an underdamped Brownian particle\nmoving in a double-well potential. The simulations confirm that the method can\nbe used to accurately estimate the free energy difference with high efficiency.\nEspecially during fast driving processes with high dissipation, the method can\nimprove the accuracy by more than an order of magnitude compared with the\nestimator based on the nonlinear nonequilibrium equality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Triangular Ising antiferromagnet through a fermionic lens, part 1: free\n  energy, zero-temperature phases and spin-spin correlation: We develop a fermionic formulation of the triangular lattice Ising\nantiferromagnet (TIAFM) which is both calculationally convenient and\nintuitively appealing to imaginations steeped in conventional condensed matter\nphysics. It is used to elucidate a variety of aspects of zero-temperature\nmodels. Cylindrical systems possess multiple \"phases\" distinguished by the\nnumber of circumferential satisfied bonds and by entropy density. On the plane,\nphases are labelled by densities of satisfied bonds of two different\norientations. A local particle (semi)conservation law in the fermionic picture\nlies behind both these features as well as the classic power-law falloff of the\nspin-spin correlation function, which is also derived from the fermionic\nperspective.",
        "positive": "Criticality in Fiber Bundle Model: We report a novel critical behavior in the breakdown of an equal load sharing\nfiber bundle model at a dispersion $\\delta_c$ of the breaking threshold of the\nfibers. For $\\delta < \\delta_c$, there is a finite probability $P_b$, that\nrupturing of the weakest fiber leads to the failure of the entire system. For\n$\\delta \\geq \\delta_c$, $P_b = 0$. At $\\delta_c, P_b \\sim L^{-\\eta}$, with\n$\\eta \\approx 1/3$, where $L$ is the size of the system. As $\\delta \\rightarrow\n\\delta_c$, the relaxation time $\\tau$ diverges obeying the finite size scaling\nlaw: $\\tau \\sim L^{\\beta}(|\\delta-\\delta_c| L^{\\alpha})$ with $\\alpha, \\beta =\n0.33 \\pm 0.05$. At $\\delta_c$, the system fails, at the critical load, in\navalanches (of rupturing fibers) of all sizes $s$ following the distribution\n$P(s) \\sim s^{-\\kappa}$, with $\\kappa = 0.50 \\pm 0.01$. We relate this critical\nbehavior to brittle to quasi-brittle transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal equilibration between two quantum systems: Two identical finite quantum systems prepared initially at different\ntemperatures, isolated from the environment, and subsequently brought into\ncontact are demonstrated to relax towards Gibbs-like quasi-equilibrium states\nwith a common temperature and small fluctuations around the time-averaged\nexpectation values of generic observables. The temporal thermalization process\nproceeds via a chain of intermediate Gibbs-like states. We specify the\nconditions under which this scenario occurs and corroborate the quantum\nequilibration with two different models.",
        "positive": "Reservoir-induced stabilisation of a periodically driven many-body\n  system: Exploiting the rich phenomenology of periodically-driven many-body systems is\nnotoriously hindered by persistent heating in both the classical and quantum\nrealm. Here, we investigate to what extent coupling to a large thermal\nreservoir makes stabilisation of a non-trivial steady state possible. To this\nend, we model both the system and the reservoir as classical spin chains where\ndriving is applied through a rotating magnetic field, and simulate the\nHamiltonian dynamics of this setup. We find that the intuitive limits of\ninfinite and vanishing frequency, where the system dynamics is governed by the\naverage and the instantaneous Hamiltonian, respectively, can be smoothly\nextended into entire regimes separated only by a small crossover region. At\nhigh frequencies, the driven system stroboscopically attains a Floquet-type\nGibbs state at the reservoir temperature. At low frequencies, a synchronised\nGibbs state emerges, whose temperature may depart significantly from that of\nthe reservoir. Although our analysis in some parts relies on the specific\nproperties our setup, we argue that much of its phenomenology should be generic\nfor a large class of systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic model of hysteresis: The methods of the probability theory have been used in order to build up a\nnew model of hysteresis. It turns out that the reversal points of the control\nparameter (e. g., the magnetic field) are Markov points which determine the\nstochastic evolution of the process. It has been shown that the branches of the\nhysteresis loop are converging to fixed limit curves when the number of cyclic\nback-and-forth variations of the control parameter between two consecutive\nreversal points is large enough. This convergence to limit curves gives a clear\nexplanation of the accommodation process. The accommodated minor loops show the\nreturn-point memory property but this property is obviously absent in the case\nof non-accommodated minor loops which are not congruent and generally not\nclosed. In contrast to the traditional Preisach model the reversal point\nsusceptibilities are non-zero finite values. The stochastic model can provide a\ngood approximation of the Raylaigh quadratic law when the external parameter\nvaries between two sufficiently small values.",
        "positive": "Fermionic field theory for trees and forests: We prove a generalization of Kirchhoff's matrix-tree theorem in which a large\nclass of combinatorial objects are represented by non-Gaussian Grassmann\nintegrals. As a special case, we show that unrooted spanning forests, which\narise as a q \\to 0 limit of the Potts model, can be represented by a Grassmann\ntheory involving a Gaussian term and a particular bilocal four-fermion term. We\nshow that this latter model can be mapped, to all orders in perturbation\ntheory, onto the N-vector model at N=-1 or, equivalently, onto the sigma-model\ntaking values in the unit supersphere in R^{1|2}. It follows that, in two\ndimensions, this fermionic model is perturbatively asymptotically free."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo Simulations of Critical Dynamics with Conserved Order\n  Parameter: Taking the two-dimensional Ising model for example, short-time behavior of\ncritical dynamics with a conserved order parameter is investigated by Monte\nCarlo simulations. Scaling behavior is observed, but the dynamic exponent $z$\nis updating schemes dependent.",
        "positive": "A simple self-avoiding walking process as a reasonable non-conventional\n  generator of polymeric linear chains: In this work, we present a simple and efficient generator of polymeric linear\nchains, based on a random self-avoiding walk process. The chains are generated\nusing a discrete process of growth, in cubic networks and in a finite time,\nwithout border limits and without exploring all the configurational space.\nFirst, we thoroughly describe the chains morphology exploring the statistics of\ntwo characteristic distances, the radius of gyration and the end-to-end\ndistance. Moreover, we examine the dependence of mean characteristic distances\nwith the number of steps (N). Despite the simplicity of our procedure, we\nobtain universal critical exponents, which are in very good agreement with\nprevious values reported in the literature. Moreover, studying the balance\nbetween the monomer-monomer interaction and the bending energy, we find that\ninitially, the chains develop by multiple doubling, forming a cluster and\nincreasing its energy. After reaching a given number of steps, the chains\nstretch and flee from the cluster, which results in a reduction of its\ninteraction energy. However, the behaviour of the bending energy reveals that\nthe chains follow the same folding pathway in both regimes. Additionally, we\nalso characterize the energy of the obtained chains, combining the local\ninteraction energy with its corresponding bending energy but in a discrete\nversion. This analysis is relevant because it allows differentiating between\nchains of equal interaction energy but with different structures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Beyond the adiabatic limit in systems with fast environments: a\n  $\u03c4$-leaping algorithm: We propose a $\\tau$-leaping simulation algorithm for stochastic systems\nsubject to fast environmental changes. Similar to conventional $\\tau$-leaping\nthe algorithm proceeds in discrete time steps, but as a principal addition it\ncaptures environmental noise beyond the adiabatic limit. The key idea is to\ntreat the input rates for the $\\tau$-leaping as (clipped) Gaussian random\nvariables with first and second moments constructed from the environmental\nprocess. In this way, each step of the algorithm retains environmental\nstochasticity to sub-leading order in the time scale separation between system\nand environment. We test the algorithm on several toy examples with discrete\nand continuous environmental states, and find good performance in the regime of\nfast environmental dynamics. At the same time, the algorithm requires\nsignificantly less computing time than full simulations of the combined system\nand environment. In this context we also discuss several methods for the\nsimulation of stochastic population dynamics in time-varying environments with\ncontinuous states.",
        "positive": "A minimal model for kinetic arrest: To elucidate slow dynamics in glassy materials, we introduce the {\\it\nFigure-8 model} in which $N$ hard blocks undergo Brownian motion around a\ncircuit in the shape of a figure-8. This system undergoes kinetic arrest at a\ncritical packing fraction $\\phi=\\phi_g < 1$, and for $\\phi\\approx\\phi_g$\nlong-time diffusion is controlled by rare, cooperative `junction-crossing'\nparticle rearrangements. We find that the average time between junction\ncrossings $\\tau_{JC}$, and hence the structural relaxation time, does not\nsimply scale with the configurational volume $\\OmegaLow$ of transition states,\nbecause $\\tau_{JC}$ also depends on the time to complete a junction crossing.\nThe importance of these results in understanding cage-breaking dynamics in\nglassy systems is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy landscapes, supergraphs, and \"folding funnels\" in spin systems: Dynamical connectivity graphs, which describe dynamical transition rates\nbetween local energy minima of a system, can be displayed against the\nbackground of a disconnectivity graph which represents the energy landscape of\nthe system. The resulting supergraph describes both dynamics and statics of the\nsystem in a unified coarse-grained sense. We give examples of the supergraphs\nfor several two dimensional spin and protein-related systems. We demonstrate\nthat disordered ferromagnets have supergraphs akin to those of model proteins\nwhereas spin glasses behave like random sequences of aminoacids which fold\nbadly.",
        "positive": "A new approach to computing the asymptotics of the position of\n  Fisher-KPP fronts: This paper presents a novel way of computing front positions in Fisher-KPP\nequations. Our method is based on an exact relation between the Laplace\ntransform of the initial condition and some integral functional of the front\nposition. Using singularity analysis, one can obtain the asymptotics of the\nfront position up to the O(log t/t) term. Our approach is robust and can be\ngeneralised to other front equations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exponentially faster cooling in a colloidal system: As the temperature of a cooling object decreases as it relaxes to thermal\nequilibrium, it is intuitively assumed that a hot object should take longer to\ncool than a warm one. Yet, some 2,300 years ago, Aristotle observed that \"to\ncool hot water quickly, begin by putting it in the sun\". In the 1960s, this\ncounterintuitive phenomenon was rediscovered as the statement that \"hot water\ncan freeze faster than cold water\" and has become known as the Mpemba effect;\nit has since been the subject of much experimental investigation and some\ncontroversy. Although many specific mechanisms have been proposed, no general\nconsensus exists as to the underlying cause. Here we demonstrate the Mpemba\neffect in a controlled setting - the thermal quench of a colloidal system\nimmersed in water, which serves as a heat bath. Our results are reproducible\nand agree quantitatively with calculations based on a recently proposed\ntheoretical framework. By carefully choosing parameters, we observe cooling\nthat is exponentially faster than that observed using typical parameters, in\naccord with the recently predicted strong Mpemba effect. Our experiments\noutline the generic conditions needed to accelerate heat removal and relaxation\nto thermal equilibrium and support the idea that the Mpemba effect is not\nsimply a scientific curiosity concerning how water freezes into ice - one of\nthe many anomalous features of water - but rather the prototype for a wide\nrange of anomalous relaxation phenomena of broad technological importance.",
        "positive": "Double negative differential thermal resistance induced by the nonlinear\n  on-site potentials: We study heat conduction through one-dimensional homogeneous lattices in the\npresence of the nonlinear on-site potentials containing the bounded and\nunbounded parts, and the harmonic interaction potential. We observe the\noccurrence of double negative differential thermal resistance (NDTR), namely,\nthere exist two regions of temperature difference, where the heat flux\ndecreases as the applied temperature difference increases. The nonlinearity of\nthe bounded part contributes to NDTR at low temperatures and NDTR at high\ntemperatures is induced by the nonlinearity of the unbounded part. The\nnonlinearity of the on-site potentials is necessary to obtain NDTR for the\nharmonic interaction homogeneous lattices. However, for the anharmonic\nhomogeneous lattices, NDTR even occurs in the absence of the on-site\npotentials, for example the rotator model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonextensive and superstatistical generalizations of random-matrix\n  theory: Random matrix theory (RMT) is based on two assumptions: (1) matrix-element\nindependence, and (2) base invariance. Most of the proposed generalizations\nkeep the first assumption and violate the second. Recently, several authors\npresented other versions of the theory that keep base invariance on the expense\nof allowing correlations between matrix elements. This is achieved by starting\nfrom non-extensive entropies rather than the standard Shannon entropy, or\nfollowing the basic prescription of the recently suggested concept of\nsuperstatistics. We review these generalizations of RMT and illustrate their\nvalue by calculating the nearest-neighbor-spacing distributions and comparing\nthe results of calculation with experiments and numerical-experiments on\nsystems in transition from order to chaos.",
        "positive": "Collective Motion with Anticipation: Flocking, Spinning, and Swarming: We investigate the collective dynamics of self-propelled particles able to\nprobe and anticipate the orientation of their neighbors. We show that a simple\nanticipation strategy hinders the emergence of homogeneous flocking patterns.\nYet, anticipation promotes two other forms of self-organization: collective\nspinning and swarming. In the spinning phase, all particles follow synchronous\ncircular orbits, while in the swarming phase, the population condensates into a\nsingle compact swarm that cruises coherently without requiring any cohesive\ninteractions. We quantitatively characterize and rationalize these phases of\npolar active matter and discuss potential applications to the design of\nswarming robots."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rough or crumpled: Phases in kinetic growth with surface relaxation: We show that generic kinetic growth processes with surface relaxations can\nexhibit a new crumpled phase with short-range orientational order at dimensions\n$d<4$. A sufficiently strong spatially non-local part of the chemical potential\nassociated with the particle current above a threshold in the system can\ntrigger this crumpling. The system can also be in a perturbatively accessible\nrough phase with long range orientational order but short range positional\norder at $d<4$ with known scaling exponents. Intriguingly, in $d>4$ we argue\nthat there is no crumpling transition; instead, there is a roughening\ntransition from a smooth to a rough phase for large enough non-local particle\ncurrent. Experimental and theoretical implications of these results are\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Gaussian Process and Levy Walk under Stochastic Non-instantaneous\n  Resetting and Stochastic Rest: A stochastic process with movement, return, and rest phases is considered in\nthis paper. For the movement phase, the particles move following the dynamics\nof Gaussian process or ballistic type of L\\'evy walk, and the time of each\nmovement is random. For the return phase, the particles will move back to the\norigin with a constant velocity or acceleration or under the action of a\nharmonic force after each movement, so that this phase can also be treated as a\nnon-instantaneous resetting. After each return, a rest with a random time at\nthe origin follows. The asymptotic behaviors of the mean squared displacements\nwith different kinds of movement dynamics, random resting time, and returning\nare discussed. The stationary distributions are also considered when the\nprocess is localized. Besides, the mean first passage time is considered when\nthe dynamic of movement phase is Brownian motion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Switching mechanism in periodically driven quantum systems with\n  dissipation: We introduce a switching mechanism in the asymptotic occupations of quantum\nstates induced by the combined effects of a periodic driving and a weak\ncoupling to a heat bath. It exploits one of the ubiquitous avoided crossings in\ndriven systems and works even if both involved Floquet states have small\noccupations. It is independent of the initial state and the duration of the\ndriving. As a specific example of this general switching mechanism we show how\nan asymmetric double well potential can be switched between the lower and the\nupper well by a periodic driving that is much weaker than the asymmetry.",
        "positive": "Application of Fibonacci oscillators in the Debye model: In this paper we study the thermodynamics of a crystalline solid by applying\nq-deformed algebra of Fibonacci oscillators through the generalized Fibonacci\nsequence of two real and independent deformation parameters q1 and q2. We find\na (q1, q2)-deformed Hamiltonian and consequently the q-deformed thermodynamic\nquantities. The results led us to interpret the deformation parameters acting\nas disturbance or impurities factors modifying the characteristics of a crystal\nstructure. More specifically, we found the possibility of adjusting the\nFibonacci oscillators to describe the change of thermal conductivity of a given\nelement as one inserts impurities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Entropy approach to far-from-equilibrium statistical\n  mechanics: We present a new approach to far-from-equilibrium statistical mechanics,\nbased on the concept of generalized entropy, which is a microscopically-defined\ngeneralization of Onsager-Machlup functional. In the case when a set of slow\n(adiabatic) variables can be chosen, our formalism yields a general form of the\nmacroscopic evolution law (Generalized Langevin Equation) and extends\nFluctuation Dissipative Theorem. It also provides for a simple understanding of\nrecently-discovered Fluctuation Theorem",
        "positive": "Asymptotic behavior of the Kleinberg model: We study Kleinberg navigation (the search of a target in a d-dimensional\nlattice, where each site is connected to one other random site at distance r,\nwith probability proportional to r^{-a}) by means of an exact master equation\nfor the process. We show that the asymptotic scaling behavior for the delivery\ntime T to a target at distance L scales as (ln L)^2 when a=d, and otherwise as\nL^x, with x=(d-a)/(d+1-a) for a<d, x=a-d for d<a<d+1, and x=1 for a>d+1. These\nvalues of x exceed the rigorous lower-bounds established by Kleinberg. We also\naddress the situation where there is a finite probability for the message to\nget lost along its way and find short delivery times (conditioned upon arrival)\nfor a wide range of a's."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Uncertainty relations for underdamped Langevin dynamics: A trade-off between the precision of an arbitrary current and the\ndissipation, known as the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, has been\ninvestigated for various Markovian systems. Here, we study the thermodynamic\nuncertainty relation for underdamped Langevin dynamics. By employing\ninformation inequalities, we prove that, for such systems, the relative\nfluctuation of a current at a steady state is constrained by both the entropy\nproduction and the average dynamical activity. We find that, unlike what is the\ncase for overdamped dynamics, the dynamical activity plays an important role in\nthe bound. We illustrate our results with two systems, a single-well potential\nsystem and a periodically driven Brownian particle model, and numerically\nverify the inequalities.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation theorems and distribution functions for polar molecules in\n  an electric field: In this perspective we consider how modern statistical mechanics and response\ntheory can be applied to understand the response of polar molecules to an\napplied electric field and the fluctuations in these systems. Results that are\nconsistent with thermodynamics and physical expectations are derived, as well\nas a new fluctuation relation that is tested in molecular simulations. It is\ndemonstrated that a deterministic approach leads to distribution functions that\ncontinually evolve, even when system properties have relaxed, which has\nimplications for treatment of nonequilibrium steady states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Force-field functor theory\" [arXiv:1306.4332]: This comment regards a recently published preprint by R.Babbush,\nJ.A.Parkhill, and A.Aspuru-Guzik, arXiv:1306.4332.",
        "positive": "Effect of biquadratic exchange on phase transitions of a planar\n  classical Heisenberg ferromagnet: Effect of biquadratic exchange on phase transitions of a planar classical\nHeisenberg (or XY) ferromagnet on a stacked triangular lattice is investigated\nby Standard Monte Carlo and Histogram Monte Carlo simulations in the region of\na bilinear to biquadratic exchange interaction ratio $J_{1}/J_{2} \\leq 1$. The\nbiquadratic exchange is found to cause separate second-order phase transitions\nin a strong biquadratic exchange limit, followed by simultaneous dipole and\nquadrupole ordering, which is of first order for an intermediate range of the\nexchange ratio and changes to a second-order one again as $J_{1}/J_{2}$ is\nfurther increased. Thus, a phase diagram featuring both triple and tricritical\npoints is obtained. Furthermore, a finite-size scaling analysis is used to\ncalculate the critical indices for both dipole and quadrupole kinds of\nordering."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical temperature and Ginzburg-Landau equation for a trapped Fermi\n  gas: We discuss a superfluid phase transition in a trapped neutral-atom Fermi gas.\nWe consider the case where the critical temperature greatly exceeds the spacing\nbetween the trap levels and derive the corresponding Ginzburg-Landau equation.\nThe latter turns out to be analogous to the equation for the condensate wave\nfunction in a trapped Bose gas. The analysis of its solution provides us with\nthe value of the critical temperature $T_{c}$ and with the spatial and\ntemperature dependence of the order parameter in the vicinity of the phase\ntransition point.",
        "positive": "Fluorescence intermittency in blinking quantum dots: renewal or slow\n  modulation?: We study time series produced by the blinking quantum dots, by means of an\naging experiment, and we examine the results of this experiment in the light of\ntwo distinct approaches to complexity, renewal and slow modulation. We find\nthat the renewal approach fits the result of the aging experiment, while the\nslow modulation perspective does not. We make also an attempt at establishing\nthe existence of an intermediate condition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral transitions and universal steady states in random Kraus maps\n  and circuits: The study of dissipation and decoherence in generic open quantum systems\nrecently led to the investigation of spectral and steady-state properties of\nrandom Lindbladian dynamics. A natural question is then how realistic and\nuniversal those properties are. Here, we address these issues by considering a\ndifferent description of dissipative quantum systems, namely, the discrete-time\nKraus map representation of completely positive quantum dynamics. Through\nrandom matrix theory (RMT) techniques and numerical exact diagonalization, we\nstudy random Kraus maps, allowing for a varying dissipation strength, and their\nlocal circuit counterpart. We find the spectrum of the random Kraus map to be\neither an annulus or a disk inside the unit circle in the complex plane, with a\ntransition between the two cases taking place at a critical value of\ndissipation strength. The eigenvalue distribution and the spectral transition\nare well described by a simplified RMT model that we can solve exactly in the\nthermodynamic limit, by means of non-Hermitian RMT and quaternionic free\nprobability. The steady state, on the contrary, is not affected by the spectral\ntransition. It has, however, a perturbative crossover regime at small\ndissipation, inside which the steady state is characterized by uncorrelated\neigenvalues. At large dissipation (or for any dissipation for a large-enough\nsystem), the steady state is well described by a random Wishart matrix. The\nsteady-state properties thus coincide with those already observed for random\nLindbladian dynamics, indicating their universality. Quite remarkably, the\nstatistical properties of the local Kraus circuit are qualitatively the same as\nthose of the nonlocal Kraus map, indicating that the latter, which is more\ntractable, already captures the realistic and universal physical properties of\ngeneric open quantum systems.",
        "positive": "Chiral coordinate Bethe ansatz for phantom eigenstates in the open XXZ\n  spin-$\\frac12$ chain: We construct the coordinate Bethe ansatz for all eigenstates of the open\nspin-$\\frac12$ XXZ chain that fulfill the phantom roots criterion (PRC). Under\nthe PRC, the Hilbert space splits into two invariant subspaces and there are\ntwo sets of homogeneous Bethe ansatz equations (BAE) to characterize the\nsubspaces in each case. We propose two sets of vectors with chiral shocks to\nspan the invariant subspaces and expand the corresponding eigenstates. All the\nvectors are factorized and have symmetrical and simple structures. Using\nseveral simple cases as examples, we present the core elements of our\ngeneralized coordinate Bethe ansatz method. The eigenstates are expanded in our\ngenerating set and show clear chirality and certain symmetry properties. The\nbulk scattering matrices, the reflection matrices on the two boundaries and the\nBAE are obtained, which demonstrates the agreement with other approaches. Some\nhypotheses are formulated for the generalization of our approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal scaling effects of a temperature gradient at first-order\n  transitions: We study the effects of smooth inhomogeneities at first-order transitions. We\nshow that a temperature gradient at a thermally-driven first-order transition\ngives rise to nontrivial universal scaling behaviors with respect to the length\nscale of the variation of the local temperature T(x). We propose a scaling\nansatz to describe the crossover region at the surface where T(x)=Tc, where the\ntypical discontinuities of a first-order transition are smoothed out.\n  The predictions of this scaling theory are checked, and get strongly\nsupported, by numerical results for the 2D Potts models, for a sufficiently\nlarge number of q-states to have first-order transitions. Comparing with\nanalogous results at the 2D Ising transition, we note that the scaling\nbehaviors induced by a smooth inhomogeneity appear quite similar in first-order\nand continuous transitions.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic quantum many-body localization from thermal disorder: We consider a quantum lattice system with infinite-dimensional on-site\nHilbert space, very similar to the Bose-Hubbard model. We investigate many-body\nlocalization in this model, induced by thermal fluctuations rather than\ndisorder in the Hamiltonian. We provide evidence that the Green-Kubo\nconductivity $\\kappa(\\beta)$, defined as the time-integrated current\nautocorrelation function, decays faster than any polynomial in the inverse\ntemperature $\\beta$ as $\\beta \\to 0$. More precisely, we define approximations\n$\\kappa_{\\tau}(\\beta)$ to $\\kappa(\\beta)$ by integrating the current-current\nautocorrelation function up to a large but finite time $\\tau$ and we rigorously\nshow that $\\beta^{-n}\\kappa_{\\beta^{-m}}(\\beta)$ vanishes as $\\beta \\to 0$, for\nany $n,m \\in \\mathbb{N}$ such that $m-n$ is sufficiently large."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized dynamic scaling for quantum critical relaxation in imaginary\n  time: We study the imaginary-time relaxation critical dynamics of a quantum system\nwith a vanishing initial correlation length and an arbitrary initial order\nparameter $M_0$. We find that in quantum critical dynamics, the behavior of\n$M_0$ under scale transformations deviates from a simple power-law, which was\nproposed for very small $M_0$ previously. A universal characteristic function\nis then suggested to describe the rescaled initial magnetization, similar to\nclassical critical dynamics. This characteristic function is shown to be able\nto describe the quantum critical dynamics in both short- and long-time stages\nof the evolution. The one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model is employed\nto numerically determine the specific form of the characteristic function. We\ndemonstrate that it is applicable as long as the system is in the vicinity of\nthe quantum critical point. The universality of the characteristic function is\nconfirmed by numerical simulations of models belonging to the same universality\nclass.",
        "positive": "Language as an Evolving Word Web: Human language can be described as a complex network of linked words. In such\na treatment, each distinct word in language is a vertex of this web, and\nneighboring words in sentences are connected by edges. It was recently found\n(Ferrer and Sol\\'e) that the distribution of the numbers of connections of\nwords in such a network is of a peculiar form which includes two pronounced\npower-law regions. Here we treat language as a self-organizing network of\ninteracting words. In the framework of this concept, we completely describe the\nobserved Word Web structure without fitting."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic ghosts and monopoles: While the physics of equilibrium systems composed of many particles is well\nknown, the interplay between small-scale physics and global properties is still\na mystery for athermal systems. Non-trivial patterns and metastable states are\noften reached in those systems. We explored the various arrangements adopted by\nmagnetic beads along chains and rings. Here, we show that it is possible to\ncreate mechanically stable defects in dipole arrangements keeping the memory of\ndipole frustration. Such defects, nicknamed \"ghost junctions\", seem to act as\nmacroscopic magnetic monopoles, in a way reminiscent of spin ice systems.",
        "positive": "Off-diagonal Bethe ansatz solutions of the anisotropic spin-1/2 chains\n  with arbitrary boundary fields: The anisotropic spin-1/2 chains with arbitrary boundary fields are\ndiagonalized with the off-diagonal Bethe ansatz method. Based on the properties\nof the R-matrix and the K-matrices, an operator product identity of the\ntransfer matrix is constructed at some special points of the spectral\nparameter. Combining with the asymptotic behavior (for XXZ case) or the\nquasi-periodicity properties (for XYZ case) of the transfer matrix, the\nextended T-Q ansatzs and the corresponding Bethe ansatz equations are derived."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Damping of Growth Oscillations: Computer simulations and scaling theory are used to investigate the damping\nof oscillations during epitaxial growth on high-symmetry surfaces. The\ncrossover from smooth to rough growth takes place after the deposition of\n(D/F)^\\delta monolayers, where D and F are the surface diffusion constant and\nthe deposition rate, respectively, and the exponent \\delta=2/3 on a\ntwo-dimensional surface. At the transition, layer-by-layer growth becomes\ndesynchronized on distances larger than a layer coherence length proportional\nl^2, where l is a typical distance between two-dimensional islands in the\nsubmonolayer region of growth.",
        "positive": "Bethe approximation for a system of hard rigid rods: the random locally\n  tree-like layered lattice: We study the Bethe approximation for a system of long rigid rods of fixed\nlength k, with only excluded volume interaction. For large enough k, this\nsystem undergoes an isotropic-nematic phase transition as a function of density\nof the rods. The Bethe lattice, which is conventionally used to derive the\nself-consistent equations in the Bethe approximation, is not suitable for\nstudying the hard-rods system, as it does not allow a dense packing of rods. We\ndefine a new lattice, called the random locally tree-like layered lattice,\nwhich allows a dense packing of rods, and for which the approximation is exact.\nWe find that for a 4-coordinated lattice, k-mers with k>=4 undergo a continuous\nphase transition. For even coordination number q>=6, the transition exists only\nfor k >= k_{min}(q), and is first order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Decoherence from spin environments: Loschmidt echo and quasiparticle\n  excitations: We revisit the problem of decoherence of a qubit centrally coupled to an\ninteracting spin environment, here modeled by a quantum compass chain or an\nextended XY model in a staggered magnetic field. These two models both support\ndistinct spin liquid phases, adding a new element to the problem. By analyzing\ntheir Loschmidt echoes when perturbed by the qubit we find that a fast\ndecoherence of the qubit is conditioned on the presence of propagating\nquasiparticles which couple to it. Different from expectations based on earlier\nworks on central spin models, our result implies that the closeness of an\nenvironment to a quantum phase transition is neither a sufficient nor a\nnecessary condition for an accelerated decoherence rate of a qubit.",
        "positive": "Finite-Time and -Size Scalings in the Evaluation of Large Deviation\n  Functions: Numerical Approach in Continuous Time: Rare trajectories of stochastic systems are important to understand --\nbecause of their potential impact. However, their properties are by definition\ndifficult to sample directly. Population dynamics provides a numerical tool\nallowing their study, by means of simulating a large number of copies of the\nsystem, which are subjected to selection rules that favor the rare trajectories\nof interest. Such algorithms are plagued by finite simulation time- and finite\npopulation size- effects that can render their use delicate. In this paper, we\npresent a numerical approach which uses the finite-time and finite-size\nscalings of estimators of the large deviation functions associated to the\ndistribution of rare trajectories. The method we propose allows one to extract\nthe infinite-time and infinite-size limit of these estimators which -- as shown\non the contact process -- provides a significant improvement of the large\ndeviation functions estimators compared to the the standard one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological phases in the dynamics of the simple exclusion process: We study the dynamical large deviations of the classical stochastic symmetric\nsimple exclusion process (SSEP) by means of numerical matrix product states. We\nshow that for half-filling, long-time trajectories with a large enough\nimbalance between the number hops in even and odd bonds of the lattice belong\nto distinct symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases. Using tensor network\ntechniques, we obtain the large deviation (LD) phase diagram in terms of\ncounting fields conjugate to the dynamical activity and the total hop\nimbalance. We show the existence of high activity trivial and non-trivial SPT\nphases (classified according to string-order parameters) separated by either a\ncritical phase or a critical point. Using the leading eigenstate of the tilted\ngenerator, obtained from infinite-system density matrix renormalisation group\n(DMRG) simulations, we construct a near-optimal dynamics for sampling the LDs,\nand show that the SPT phases manifest at the level of rare stochastic\ntrajectories. We also show how to extend these results to other filling\nfractions, and discuss generalizations to asymmetric SEPs.",
        "positive": "Breakdown of Kinetic Compensation Effect in Physical Desorption: The kinetic compensation effect (KCE), observed in many fields of science, is\nthe systematic variation in the apparent magnitudes of the Arrhenius parameters\n$E_a$, the energy of activation, and $\\nu$, the preexponential factor, as a\nresponse to perturbations. If, in a series of closely related activated\nprocesses, these parameters exhibit a strong linear correlation, it is expected\nthat an isokinetic relation will occur, then the rates $k$ become the same at a\ncommon compensation temperature $T_c$. The reality of these two phenomena\ncontinues to be debated as they have not been explicitly demonstrated and their\nphysical origins remain poorly understood. Using kinetic Monte Carlo\nsimulations on a model interface, we explore how site and adsorbate\ninteractions influence the Arrhenius parameters during a typical desorption\nprocess. We find that their transient variations result in a net partial\ncompensation, due to the variations in the prefactor not being large enough to\ncompletely offset those in $E_a$, both in plots that exhibit a high degree of\nlinearity and in curved non-Arrhenius plots. In addition, the observed\nisokinetic relation arises due to a transition to a non-interacting regime, and\nnot due to compensation between $E_a$ and $\\ln{\\nu}$. We expect our results to\nprovide a deeper insight into the microscopic events that originate\ncompensation effects and isokinetic relations in our system, and in other\nfields where these effects have been reported."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An oriented process induced by dynamically regulated energy barriers: A novel mechanism for the appearance of oriented processes is investigated\nwith a flexible dynamical system overcoming barriers. Under non-equilibrium\ncondition with external driving, reaction paths deviate from that at\nequilibrium with an accompanying violation of symmetry between the forward and\nthe reverse paths. Although we never introduce any external switching of\npotentials to generate the oriented processes, multi-dimensional flexible\ndynamics promote the oriented processes through this symmetry violation. Along\nthe reaction paths, bottleneck points are proposed as a rate-controlling\nfactor, which determine the {\\it direction-dependent activation energies}\nsatisfying Arrhenius-like law for the rate constants. In comparison, in stiff\nsystems, the oriented process is suggested to appear in different manner from\nthis scenario.",
        "positive": "Scaling in a simple model for surface growth in a random medium: Surface growth in random media is usually governed by both the surface\ntension and the random local forces. Simulations on lattices mimic the former\nby imposing a maximum gradient $m$ on the surface heights, and the latter by\nsite-dependent random growth probabilities. Here we consider the limit $m \\to\n\\infty$, where the surface grows at the site with minimal random number, {\\it\nindependent} of its neighbors. The resulting height distribution obeys a simple\nscaling law, which is destroyed when local surface tension is included. Our\nmodel is equivalent to Yee's simplification of the Bak-Sneppen model for the\nextinction of biological species, where the height represents the number of\ntimes a biological species is exchanged."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Current circulation near additional energy degeneracy points in\n  quadratic Fermionic networks: We study heat and particle current circulation (CC) in quadratic fermionic\nsystems analysed using local Lindblad master equation. It was observed in an\nearlier study \\cite{Our_circulation} that CC occurs near the additional energy\ndegeneracy point (AEDP) in fermionic systems which have some form of asymmetry.\nWe find general analytical expression to support this observation for quadratic\nfermionic networks. We then apply these ideas to the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH)\nmodel with periodic boundary conditions and a tight binding model with unequal\nhopping strengths in the upper and lower branches. In both these cases, we find\nthe specific conditions required for observing CC and study the behavior of\nthese currents with various system parameters. We find that having an unequal\nnumber of fermionic sites in the upper and lower branches is enough for\ngenerating CC in the SSH model. However, this asymmetry is not adequate for the\ntight-binding model and we require unequal hopping strengths in the upper and\nlower branches to induce CC in this model. Finally, we observe that for certain\nsystem parameters, the onset point of particle and heat CC are not the same.\nBased on all these observations, we describe how carefully examining the energy\nspectrum of the system gives a great deal of information about the possibility\nand behavior of CC in fermionic systems with asymmetries.",
        "positive": "Contact process with a defect: universal oasis, nonuniversal scaling: The extinction transition in the presence of a localized quenched defect is\nstudied numerically. When the bulk is at criticality, the correlation length\ndiverges and even an infinite system cannot \"decouple\" from the defect. The\nresults presented here suggest that, in 1+1 dimensions, the critical exponent\n$\\delta$ that controls the asymptotic power-law decay depends on the strength\nof the local perturbation. On the other hand, the exponent was found to be\nindependent of the local arrangement of the defect. In higher dimensions the\ndefect seems to induce a transient behavior that decays algebraically in time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Order parameter statistics in the critical quantum Ising chain: In quantum spin systems obeying hyperscaling, the probability distribution of\nthe total magnetization takes on a universal scaling form at criticality. We\nobtain this scaling function exactly for the ground state and first excited\nstate of the critical quantum Ising spin chain. This is achieved through a\nremarkable relation to the partition function of the anisotropic Kondo problem,\nwhich can be computed by exploiting the integrability of the system.",
        "positive": "Monte-Carlo simulation of nucleation in the two-dimensional Potts model: Nucleation in the two-dimensional q-state Potts model has been studied by\nmeans of Monte-Carlo simulations using the heat-bath dynamics. The initial\nmetastable state has been prepared by magnetic quench of the ordered\nlow-temperature phase. The magnetic field dependence of the nucleation time has\nbeen measured as the function of the magnetic field for different q and lattice\nsizes at T=0.5 Tc. A size-dependent crossover from the coalescence to\nnucleation region is observed at all q. The magnetic field dependence of the\nnucleation time is roughly described by the classical nucleation theory. Our\ndata show increase of the anisotropy in the shape of the critical droplets with\nincrease of q."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat wave propagation in a nonlinear chain: We investigate the propagation of temperature perturbations in an array of\ncoupled nonlinear oscillators at finite temperature. We evaluate the response\nfunction at equilibrium and show how the memory effects affect the diffusion\nproperties. A comparison with nonequilibrium simulations reveals that the\ntelegraph equation provides a reliable interpretative paradigm for describing\nquantitatively the propagation of a heat pulse at the macroscopic level. The\nresults could be of help in understanding and modeling energy transport in\nindividual nanotubes.",
        "positive": "Kinetic energy of Bose systems and variation of statistical averages: The problem of defining the average kinetic energy of statistical systems is\naddressed. The conditions of applicability for the formula, relating the\naverage kinetic energy with the mass derivative of the internal energy, are\nanalysed. It is shown that incorrectly using this formula, outside its region\nof validity, leads to paradoxes. An equation is found for a parametric\nderivative of the average for an arbitrary operator. A special attention is\npaid to the mass derivative of the internal energy, for which a general formula\nis derived, without invoking the adiabatic approximation and taking into\naccount the mass dependence of the potential-energy operator. The results are\nillustrated by the case of a low-temperature dilute Bose gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production and Kullback-Leibler divergence between stationary\n  trajectories of discrete systems: The irreversibility of a stationary time series can be quantified using the\nKullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) between the probability to observe the series\nand the probability to observe the time-reversed series. Moreover, this KLD is\na tool to estimate entropy production from stationary trajectories since it\ngives a lower bound to the entropy production of the physical process\ngenerating the series. In this paper we introduce analytical and numerical\ntechniques to estimate the KLD between time series generated by several\nstochastic dynamics with a finite number of states. We examine the accuracy of\nour estimators for a specific example, a discrete flashing ratchet, and\ninvestigate how close is the KLD to the entropy production depending on the\nnumber of degrees of freedom of the system that are sampled in the\ntrajectories.",
        "positive": "Phase diagrams of a 2D Ising spin-pseudospin model: We consider the competition of magnetic and charge ordering in high-Tc\ncuprates within the framework of the simplified static 2D spin-pseudospin\nmodel. This model is equivalent to the 2D dilute antiferromagnetic (AFM) Ising\nmodel with charged impurities. We present the mean-field results for the system\nunder study and make a brief comparison with classical Monte Carlo (MC)\ncalculations. Numerical simulations show that the cases of strong exchange and\nstrong charge correlation differ qualitatively. For a strong exchange, the AFM\nphase is unstable with respect to the phase separation (PS) into the charge and\nspin subsystems, which behave like immiscible quantum liquids. An analytical\nexpression was obtained for the PS temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical fluid dynamics for FRG flow equations: Zero-dimensional QFTs\n  as numerical test cases. I. The $O(N)$ model: The functional renormalization group (FRG) approach is a powerful tool for\nstudies of a large variety of systems, ranging from statistical physics over\nthe theory of the strong interaction to gravity. The practical application of\nthis approach relies on the derivation of so-called flow equations, which\ndescribe the change of the quantum effective action under the variation of a\ncoarse-graining parameter. In the present work, we discuss in detail a novel\napproach to solve such flow equations. This approach relies on the fact that RG\nequations can be rewritten such that they exhibit similarities with the\nconservation laws of fluid dynamics. This observation can be exploited in\ndifferent ways. First of all, we show that this allows to employ powerful\nnumerical techniques developed in the context of fluid dynamics to solve RG\nequations. In particular, it allows us to reliably treat the emergence of\nnonanalytic behavior in the RG flow of the effective action as it is expected\nto occur in studies of, e.g., spontaneous symmetry breaking. Second, the\nanalogy between RG equations and fluid dynamics offers the opportunity to gain\nnovel insights into RG flows and their interpretation in general, including the\nirreversibility of RG flows. We work out this connection in practice by\napplying it to zero-dimensional quantum-field theoretical models. The\ngeneralization to higher-dimensional models is also discussed. Our findings are\nexpected to help improving future FRG studies of quantum field theories in\nhigher dimensions both on a qualitative and quantitative level.",
        "positive": "Ground-state properties of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg-Ising bond\n  alternating chain with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction: Ground-state energy is exactly calculated for the spin-1/2 Heisenberg-Ising\nbond alternating chain with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Under\ncertain condition, which relates a strength of the Ising, Heisenberg and\nDzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, the ground-state energy exhibits an\ninteresting nonanalytic behavior accompanied with a gapless excitation\nspectrum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymmetric Exclusion Process with Global Hopping: We study a one-dimensional totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with\none special site from which particles fly to any empty site (not just to the\nneighboring site). The system attains a non-trivial stationary state with\ndensity profile varying over the spatial extent of the system. The density\nprofile undergoes a non-equilibrium phase transition when the average density\npasses through the critical value 1-1/[4(1-ln 2)]=0.185277..., viz. in addition\nto the discontinuity in the vicinity of the special site, a shock wave is\nformed in the bulk of the system when the density exceeds the critical density.",
        "positive": "A new method for reactive constant pH simulations: We present a simulation method that allows us to calculate the titration\ncurves for systems undergoing protonation/deprotonation reactions -- such as\ncharged colloidal suspensions with acidic/basic surface groups,\npolyelectrolytes, polyampholytes, proteins, etc. The new approach allows us to\nsimultaneously obtain titration curves both for systems in contact with salt\nand acid reservoir (semi-grand canonical ensemble) and for isolated suspensions\n(canonical ensemble). To treat the electrostatic interactions, we present a new\nmethod based on Ewald summation -- which accounts for the existence of both\nBethe and Donnan potentials within the simulation cell. We show that that the\nDonnan potential affects dramatically the pH of suspension. Counter\nintuitively, we find that for concentrated suspensions of low ionic strength,\nthe number of deprotonated groups can be 100\\% larger in an isolated system,\ncompared to a system connected to a reservoir by a semi-permeable membrane --\nwith both systems being at exactly the same pH."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin transport in the XXZ model at high temperatures: Classical dynamics\n  versus quantum S=1/2 autocorrelations: The transport of magnetization is analyzed for the classical Heisenberg chain\nat and especially above the isotropic point. To this end, the Hamiltonian\nequations of motion are solved numerically for initial states realizing\nharmonic-like magnetization profiles of small amplitude and with random phases.\nAbove the isotropic point, the resulting dynamics is observed to be diffusive\nin a hydrodynamic regime starting at comparatively small times and wave\nlengths. In particular, hydrodynamic regime and diffusion constant are both\nfound to be in quantitative agreement with close-to-equilibrium results from\nquantum S=1/2 autocorrelations at high temperatures. At the isotropic point,\nthe resulting dynamics turns out to be non-diffusive at the considered times\nand wave lengths.",
        "positive": "Kinetic theory for non-equilibrium stationary states in long-range\n  interacting systems: We study long-range interacting systems perturbed by external stochastic\nforces. Unlike the case of short-range systems, where stochastic forces usually\nact locally on each particle, here we consider perturbations by external\nstochastic fields. The system reaches stationary states where external forces\nbalance dissipation on average. These states do not respect detailed balance\nand support non-vanishing fluxes of conserved quantities. We generalize the\nkinetic theory of isolated long-range systems to describe the dynamics of this\nnon-equilibrium problem. The kinetic equation that we obtain applies to\nplasmas, self-gravitating systems, and to a broad class of other systems. Our\ntheoretical results hold for homogeneous states, but may also be generalized to\napply to inhomogeneous states. We obtain an excellent agreement between our\ntheoretical predictions and numerical simulations. We discuss possible\napplications to describe non-equilibrium phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Some Open Points in Nonextensive Statistical Mechanics: We present and discuss a list of some interesting points that are currently\nopen in nonextensive statistical mechanics. Their analytical, numerical,\nexperimental or observational advancement would naturally be very welcome.",
        "positive": "Ferromagnetic phase transition in a Heisenberg fluid: Monte Carlo\n  simulations and Fisher corrections to scaling: The magnetic phase transition in a Heisenberg fluid is studied by means of\nthe finite size scaling (FSS) technique. We find that even for larger systems,\nconsidered in an ensemble with fixed density, the critical exponents show\ndeviations from the expected lattice values similar to those obtained\npreviously. This puzzle is clarified by proving the importance of the leading\ncorrection to the scaling that appears due to Fisher renormalization with the\ncritical exponent equal to the absolute value of the specific heat exponent\n$\\alpha$. The appearance of such new corrections to scaling is a general\nfeature of systems with constraints."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First Order Transition in the Ginzburg-Landau Model: The d-dimensional complex Ginzburg-Landau (GL) model is solved according to a\nvariational method by separating phase and amplitude. The GL transition becomes\nfirst order for high superfluid density because of effects of phase\nfluctuations. We discuss its origin with various arguments showing that, in\nparticular for d = 3, the validity of our approach lies precisely in the first\norder domain.",
        "positive": "Low-temperature large-distance asymptotics of the transversal two-point\n  functions of the XXZ chain: We derive the low-temperature large-distance asymptotics of the transversal\ntwo-point functions of the XXZ chain by summing up the asymptotically dominant\nterms of their expansion into form factors of the quantum transfer matrix. Our\nasymptotic formulae are numerically efficient and match well with known results\nfor vanishing magnetic field and for short distances and magnetic fields below\nthe saturation field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotic expansion of the solution of the master equation and its\n  application to the speed limit: We investigate an asymptotic expansion of the solution of the master equation\nunder the modulation of control parameters. In this case, the non-decaying part\nof the solution becomes the dynamical steady state expressed as an infinite\nseries using the pseudo-inverse of the Liouvillian, whose convergence is not\ngranted in general. We demonstrate that for the relaxation time approximation\nmodel, the Borel summation of the infinite series is compatible with the exact\nsolution. By exploiting the series expansion, we obtain the analytic expression\nof the heat and the activity. In the two-level system coupled to a single bath,\nunder the linear modulation of the energy as a function of time, we demonstrate\nthat the infinite series expression is the asymptotic expansion of the exact\nsolution. The equality of a trade-off relation between the speed of the state\ntransformation and the entropy production (Shiraishi, Funo, and Saito, Phys.\nRev. Lett. ${\\bf 121}$, 070601 (2018)) holds in the lowest order of the\nfrequency of the energy modulation in the two-level system. To obtain this\nresult, the heat emission and absorption at edges (the initial and end times)\nor the differences of the Shannon entropy between the instantaneous steady\nstate and the dynamical steady state at edges are essential: If we ignore these\neffects, the trade-off relation can be violated.",
        "positive": "On the Stability of the O(N)-Invariant and the Cubic-Invariant\n  3-Dimensional $N$-Component Renormalization Group Fixed Points in the\n  Hierarchical Approximation: We compute renormalization group fixed points and their spectrum in an\nultralocal approximation. We study a case of two competing non-trivial fixed\npoints for a three-dimensional real $N$-component field: the O(N)-invariant\nfixed point vs.~the cubic-invariant fixed point. We compute the critical value\n$N_{c}$ of the cubic $\\phi^{4}$-perturbation at the O(N)-fixed point. The O(N)\nfixed point is stable under a cubic $\\phi^{4}$-perturbation below $N_{c}$,\nabove $N_{c}$ it is unstable. The critical value comes out as $2.219435<N_{c}<\n2.219436$ in the ultralocal approximation. We also compute the critical value\nof $N$ at the cubic invariant fixed point. Within the accuracy of our\ncomputations, the two values coincide."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Realization of a Quantum-Dimer Model in Heisenberg\n  Antiferromagnets on a Diamond-Like Decorated Lattice: We study Heisenberg antiferromagnets on a diamond-like decorated square\nlattice perturbed by further neighbor couplings. The second-order effective\nHamiltonian is calculated and the resultant Hamiltonian is found to be a\nsquare-lattice quantum-dimer model with a finite hopping amplitude and no\nrepulsion, which suggests the stabilization of the plaquette phase. Our recipe\nfor constructing quantum-dimer models can be adopted for other lattices and\nprovides a route for the experimental realization of quantum-dimer models.",
        "positive": "Dynamical percolation transition in vegetation patterns from satellite\n  images: We analyze the vegetation growth dynamics with a stochastic cellular automata\nmodel and in real-world data obtained from satellite images. We look for areas\nwhere vegetation breaks down into clusters, comparing it to a percolation\ntransition that happens in the cellular automata model and is an early warning\nsignal of land degradation. We use satellite imagery data such as the\nNormalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Leaf Area Index (LAI). We\nconsider the periodic effect of seasons as a periodic environmental stress, and\nshow numerically how the vegetation can be resilient to high stress during\nseasonal fluctuations. We qualitatively recognize these effects in real-world\nvegetation images. Finally, we qualitatively evaluate the environmental stress\nin land images by considering both the vegetation density and its\nclusterization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Search of stochastically gated targets with diffusive particles under\n  resetting: The effects of Poissonian resetting at a constant rate $r$ on the reaction\ntime between a Brownian particle and a stochastically gated target are studied.\nThe target switches between a reactive state and a non-reactive one. We\ncalculate the mean time at which the particle subject to resetting hits the\ntarget for the first time, while the latter is in the reactive state. The\nsearch time is minimum at a resetting rate that depends on the target\ntransition rates. When the target relaxation rate is much larger than both the\nresetting rate and the inverse diffusion time, the system becomes equivalent to\na partially absorbing boundary problem. In other cases, however, the optimal\nresetting rate can be a non-monotonic function of the target rates, a feature\nnot observed in partial absorption.\n  We compute the relative fluctuations of the first hitting time around its\nmean and compare our results with the ungated case. The usual universal\nbehavior of these fluctuations for resetting processes at their optimum breaks\ndown due to the target internal dynamics.",
        "positive": "Statistical theory of self--similar time series: Within Tsallis statistics, a picture is elaborated to address self--similar\ntime series as a thermodynamic system. Thermodynamic--type characteristics\nrelevant to temperature, pressure, entropy, internal and free energies are\nintroduced and tested. Predictability conditions of time series analysis are\ndiscussed in details on the basis of Van der Waals model. Maximal magnitude for\ntime interval and minimal resolution scale of the value under consideration are\nfound and analyzed in details. Time series statistics is shown to be governed\nby effective temperature being exponential measure of the fractal\ndimensionality of a phase space related to the time series."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hyperbolicity of exact hydrodynamics for three-dimensional linearized\n  Grad's equations: We extend a recent proof of hyperbolicity of the exact (to all orders in\nKnudsen number) linear hydrodynamic equations [M. Colangeli et al, Phys. Rev. E\n(2007), in press; arXiv:cond-mat/0703791v2] to the three-dimensional Grad's\nmoment system. A proof of an H-theorem is also presented.",
        "positive": "U(1) Emergence versus Chiral Symmetry Restoration in the Ashkin Teller\n  Model: We show that suppression of vortices in the Ashkin Teller ferromagnet on a\nsquare lattice splits the order-disorder transition and opens up an\nintermediate phase where the macroscopic symmetry enhances to U(1). When we\nselectively suppress the formation of non-chiral vortices, chiral vortices\nproliferate and replace the U(1) phase with a new phase where chiral symmetry\nis restored. This result demonstrates a fascinating phenomenon in which the\nsymmetry information encoded in topological defects manifests itself in the\nsymmetry of the phase where the defects proliferate. We also show that this\nphenomenon can occur in all $\\mathbb{Z}_n$ ferromagnets with even values of\n$n$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Configuration spaces of hard spheres: Hard sphere systems are often used to model simple fluids. The configuration\nspaces of hard spheres in a three-dimensional torus modulo various symmetry\ngroups are comparatively simple, and could provide valuable information about\nthe nature of phase transitions. Specifically, the topological changes in the\nconfiguration space as a function of packing fraction have been conjectured to\nbe related to the onset of first-order phase transitions. The critical\nconfigurations for one to twelve spheres are sampled using a Morse-theoretic\napproach, and are available in an online, interactive database. Explicit\ntriangulations are constructed for the configuration spaces of the two sphere\nsystem, and their topological and geometric properties are studied. The\ncritical configurations are found to be associated with geometric changes to\nthe configuration space that connect previously distant regions and reduce the\nconfiguration space diameter as measured by the commute time and diffusion\ndistances. The number of such critical configurations around the packing\nfraction of the solid-liquid phase transition increases exponentially with the\nnumber of spheres, suggesting that the onset of the first-order phase\ntransition in the thermodynamic limit is associated with a discontinuity in the\nconfiguration space diameter.",
        "positive": "Thermal Noise at Quasi-equilibrium: An expression that relates thermal current fluctuations in two terminal\nnetworks at quasi-equilibrium to their current voltage characteristics is\npresented. It is based upon the observation that the available thermal noise\npower at quasi-equilibrium is very close to the equilibrium value. As an\nexample, current noise in ideal p-n junctions is obtained from their\ncharacteristics. Thermal current noise in field effect transistors is predicted\nby this approach, as well as \"shot noise suppression\" due to barrier lowering\nin solid-state diodes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat conduction in a three-dimensional momentum-conserving fluid: Size-dependence of energy transport and the effects of reduced dimensionality\non transport coefficients are of key importance for understanding\nnonequilibrium properties of matter on the nanoscale. Here, we perform\nnonequilibrium and equilibrium simulations of heat conduction in a 3D fluid\nwith the multiparticle collision dynamics, interacting with two thermal-walls.\nWe find that the bulk 3D momentum-conserving fluid has a finite non-diverging\nthermal conductivity. However, for large aspect-ratios of the simulation box, a\ncrossover from 3D to one-dimensional (1D) abnormal behavior of the thermal\nconductivity occurs. In this case, we demonstrate a transition from normal to\nabnormal transport by a suitable decomposition of the energy current. These\nresults not only provide a direct verification of Fourier's law but also\nfurther confirm the validity of existing theories for 3D fluids. Moreover, they\nindicate that abnormal heat transport persists also for almost 1D fluids over a\nlarge range of sizes.",
        "positive": "Role of Topology in Relaxation of One-Dimensional Stochastic Processes: Stochastic processes are commonly used models to describe dynamics of a wide\nvariety of nonequilibrium phenomena ranging from electrical transport to\nbiological motion. The transition matrix describing a stochastic process can be\nregarded as a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. Unlike general non-Hermitian systems,\nthe conservation of probability imposes additional constraints on the\ntransition matrix, which can induce unique topological phenomena. Here, we\nreveal the role of topology in relaxation phenomena of classical stochastic\nprocesses. Specifically, we define a winding number that is related to topology\nof stochastic processes and show that it predicts the existence of a spectral\ngap that characterizes the relaxation time. Then, we numerically confirm that\nthe winding number corresponds to the system-size dependence of the relaxation\ntime and the characteristic transient behavior. One can experimentally realize\nsuch topological phenomena in magnetotactic bacteria and cell adhesions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shear-induced criticality near a liquid-solid transition of colloidal\n  suspensions: We investigate colloidal suspensions under shear flow through numerical\nexperiments. By measuring the time-correlation function of a bond-orientational\norder parameter, we find a divergent time scale near a transition point from a\ndisordered fluid phase to an ordered fluid phase, where the order is\ncharacterized by a nonzero value of the bond-orientational order parameter. We\nalso present a phase diagram in the $(\\rho, \\dot{\\gamma}^{\\mathrm{ex}})$ plane,\nwhere $\\rho$ is the density of the colloidal particles and\n$\\dot{\\gamma}^{\\mathrm{ex}}$ is the shear rate of the solvent. The transition\nline in the phase diagram terminates at the equilibrium transition point, while\na critical region near the transition line vanishes continuously as\n$\\dot{\\gamma}^{\\mathrm{ex}} \\rightarrow 0$.",
        "positive": "Instantaneous equilibrium Transport for Brownian systems under\n  time-dependent temperature and potential variations: Reversibility, Heat and\n  work relations, and Fast Isentropic process: The theory of constructing instantaneous equilibrium (ieq) transition under\narbitrary time-dependent temperature and potential variation for a Brownian\nparticle is developed. It is shown that it is essential to consider the\nunderdamped dynamics for temperature-changing transitions. The ieq is\nmaintained by a time-dependent auxiliary position and momentum potential, which\ncan be calculated for given time-dependent transition protocols. Explicit\nanalytic results are derived for the work and heat statistics, energy, and\nentropy changes for harmonic and non-harmonic trapping potential with arbitrary\ntime-dependent potential parameters and temperature protocols. Numerical\nsolutions of the corresponding Langevin dynamics are computed to confirm the\ntheoretical results. Although ieq transition of the reverse process is not the\ntime-reversal of the ieq transition of the forward process due to the\nodd-parity of controlling parameters, their phase-space distribution functions\nrestore the time-reversal symmetry, and hence the energy and entropy changes of\nthe ieq of the reverse process are simply the negative of that of the forward\nprocess. Furthermore, it is shown that it is possible to construct an ieq\ntransition that has zero entropy production at a finite transition rate, i.e.,\na fast ieq isentropic process, and is further demonstrated by explicit Langevin\ndynamics simulations. Our theory provides fundamental building blocks for\ndesigning controlled microscopic heat engine cycles. Implications for\nconstructing an efficient Brownian heat engine are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lamplighter model of a random copolymer adsorption on a line: We present a model of an AB-diblock random copolymer sequential\nself-packaging with local quenched interactions on a one-dimensional infinite\nsticky substrate. It is assumed that the A-A and B-B contacts are favorable,\nwhile A-B are not. The position of a newly added monomer is selected in view of\nthe local contact energy minimization. The model demonstrates a\nself-organization behavior with the nontrivial dependence of the total energy,\n$E$ (the number of unfavorable contacts), on the number of chain monomers, $N$:\n$E\\sim N^{3/4}$ for quenched random equally probable distribution of A- and\nB-monomers along the chain. The model is treated by mapping it onto the\n\"lamplighter\" random walk and the diffusion-controlled chemical reaction of\n$X+X\\to 0$ type with the subdiffusive motion of reagents.",
        "positive": "Reading entanglement in terms of spin configurations in quantum magnets: We consider a quantum many-body system made of $N$ interacting $S{=}1/2$\nspins on a lattice, and develop a formalism which allows to extract, out of\nconventional magnetic observables, the quantum probabilities for any selected\nspin pair to be in maximally entangled or factorized two-spin states. This\nresult is used in order to capture the meaning of entanglement properties in\nterms of magnetic behavior. In particular, we consider the concurrence between\ntwo spins and show how its expression extracts information on the presence of\nbipartite entanglement out of the probability distributions relative to\nspecific sets of two-spin quantum states. We apply the above findings to the\nantiferromagnetic Heisenberg model in a uniform magnetic field, both on a chain\nand on a two-leg ladder. Using Quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we obtain the\nabove probability distributions and the associated entanglement, discussing\ntheir evolution under application of the field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics and thermalization in correlated one-dimensional lattice\n  systems: We review exact approaches and recent results related to the relaxation\ndynamics and description after relaxation of various one-dimensional lattice\nsystems of hard-core bosons after a sudden quench. We first analyze the\nintegrable case, where the combination of analytical insights and computational\ntechniques enable one to study large system sizes. Thermalization does not\noccur in this regime. However, after relaxation, observables can be described\nby a generalization of the Gibbs ensemble. We then utilize full exact\ndiagonalization to study what happens as integrability is broken. We show that\nthermalization does occur in finite nonintegrable systems provided they are\nsufficiently far away from the integrable point. We argue that the onset of\nthermalization can be understood in terms of the eigenstate thermalization\nhypothesis.",
        "positive": "Random walks on complex networks under time-dependent stochastic\n  resetting: We study discrete-time random walks on networks subject to a time-dependent\nstochastic resetting, where the walker either hops randomly between neighboring\nnodes with a probability $1-\\phi(a)$, or is reset to a given node with a\ncomplementary probability $\\phi(a)$. The resetting probability $\\phi(a)$\ndepends on the time $a$ since the last reset event (also called $a$ the age of\nthe walker). Using the renewal approach and spectral decomposition of\ntransition matrix, we formulize the stationary occupation probability of the\nwalker at each node and the mean first passage time between arbitrary two\nnodes. Concretely, we consider that two different time-dependent resetting\nprotocols that are both exactly solvable. One is that $\\phi(a)$ is a\nstep-shaped function of $a$ and the other one is that $\\phi(a)$ is a rational\nfunction of $a$. We demonstrate the theoretical results on two different\nnetworks, also validated by numerical simulations, and find that the\ntime-modulated resetting protocols can be more advantageous than the\nconstant-probability resetting in accelerating the completion of a target\nsearch process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy in Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics: Entropy in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics is investigated theoretically\nso as to extend the well-established equilibrium framework to open\nnonequilibrium systems. We first derive a microscopic expression of\nnonequilibrium entropy for an assembly of identical bosons/fermions interacting\nvia a two-body potential. This is performed by starting from the Dyson equation\non the Keldysh contour and following closely the procedure of Ivanov, Knoll and\nVoskresensky [Nucl. Phys. A {\\bf 672} (2000) 313]. The obtained expression is\nidentical in form with an exact expression of equilibrium entropy and obeys an\nequation of motion which satisfies the $H$-theorem in a limiting case. Thus,\nentropy can be defined unambiguously in nonequilibrium systems so as to embrace\nequilibrium statistical mechanics. This expression, however, differs from the\none obtained by Ivanov {\\em et al}., and we show explicitly that their ``memory\ncorrections'' are not necessary. Based on our expression of nonequilibrium\nentropy, we then propose the following principle of maximum entropy for\nnonequilibrium steady states: ``The state which is realized most probably among\npossible steady states without time evolution is the one that makes entropy\nmaximum as a function of mechanical variables, such as the total particle\nnumber, energy, momentum, energy flux, etc.'' During the course of the study,\nwe also develop a compact real-time perturbation expansion in terms of the\nmatrix Keldysh Green's function.",
        "positive": "Steering most probable escape paths by varying relative noise\n  intensities: We demonstrate the possibility to systematically steer the most probable\nescape paths (MPEPs) by adjusting relative noise intensities in dynamical\nsystems that exhibit noise-induced escape from a metastable point via a saddle\npoint. Using a geometric minimum action approach, an asymptotic theory is\ndeveloped which is broadly applicable to fast-slow systems and shows the\nimportant role played by the nullcline associated with the fast variable in\nlocating the MPEPs. A two-dimensional quadratic system is presented which\npermits analytical determination of both the MPEPs and associated action\nvalues. Analytical predictions agree with computed MPEPs, and both are\nnumerically confirmed by constructing prehistory distributions directly from\nthe underlying stochastic differential equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonextensive Thermostatistical Investigation of The Blackbody Radiation: Thermodynamical quantities of the blackbody radiation, such as free energy,\nentropy, total radiation energy, specific heat are calculated within the\nTsallis thermostatistics where factorization method is incorparated. It is\nshown that basic thermodynamical relation of the blackbody radiation is form\ninvariant with respect to nonextensivity entropic index q. Furthermore, the\nnonextensive thermodynamical quantities related to the blackbody radiation is\nseperately be obtained in terms of q and the standard thermodynamical\nquantities of the blackbody radiation .It is indicated that the formulation may\ngive a way to determine the q which determines the degree of the nonextensivity\nthat is the one of the aims of the present study.",
        "positive": "Steady diffusion in a drift field: a comparison of large deviation\n  techniques and multiple-scale analysis: A particle with internal unobserved states diffusing in a force field will\ngenerally display effective advection-diffusion. The drift velocity is\nproportional to the mobility averaged over the internal states, or effective\nmobility, while the effective diffusion has two terms. One is of the\nequilibrium type and satisfies an Einstein relation with the effective mobility\nwhile the other is quadratic in the applied force. In this contribution we\npresent two new methods to obtain these results, on the one hand using large\ndeviation techniques, and on the other by a multiple-scale analysis, and\ncompare the two. We consider both systems with discrete internal states and\ncontinuous internal states. We show that the auxiliary equations in the\nmultiple-scale analysis can also be derived in second-order perturbation theory\nin a large deviation theory of a generating function (discrete internal states)\nor generating functional (continuous internal states). We discuss that\nmeasuring the two components of the effective diffusion give a way to determine\nkinetic rates from only first and second moments of the displacement in steady\nstate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonextensive statistical mechanics - Applications to nuclear and high\n  energy physics: A variety of phenomena in nuclear and high energy physics seemingly do not\nsatisfy the basic hypothesis for possible stationary states to be of the type\ncovered by Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistical mechanics. More specifically, the\nsystem appears to relax, along time, on macroscopic states which violate the\nergodic assumption. Some of these phenomena appear to follow, instead, the\nprescriptions of nonextensive statistical mechanics. In the same manner that\nthe BG formalism is based on the entropy $S_{BG}=-k \\sum_i p_i \\ln p_i$, the\nnonextensive one is based on the form $S_q=k(1-\\sum_ip_i^q)/(q-1)$ (with\n$S_1=S_{BG}$). Typically, the systems following the rules derived from the\nformer exhibit an {\\it exponential} relaxation with time toward a stationary\nstate characterized by an {\\it exponential} dependence on the energy ({\\it\nthermal equilibrium}), whereas those following the rules derived from the\nlatter are characterized by (asymptotic) {\\it power-laws} (both the typical\ntime dependences, and the energy distribution at the stationary state). A brief\nreview of this theory is given here, as well as of some of its applications,\nsuch as electron-positron annihilation producing hadronic jets, collisions\ninvolving heavy nuclei, the solar neutrino problem, anomalous diffusion of a\nquark in a quark-gluon plasma, and flux of cosmic rays on Earth. In addition to\nthese points, very recent developments generalizing nonextensive statistical\nmechanics itself are mentioned.",
        "positive": "Clean two-dimensional Floquet time-crystal: We consider the two-dimensional quantum Ising model, in absence of disorder,\nsubject to periodic imperfect global spin flips. We show by a combination of\nexact diagonalization and tensor-network methods that the system can sustain a\nspontaneously broken discrete time-translation symmetry. Employing careful\nscaling analysis, we show the feasibility of a two-dimensional discrete\ntime-crystal (DTC) pre-thermal phase. Despite an unbounded energy pumped into\nthe system, in the high-frequency limit, a well-defined effective Hamiltonian\ncontrols a finite-temperature intermediate regime, wherein local time averages\nare described by thermal averages. As a consequence, the long-lived stability\nof the DTC relies on the existence of a long-range ordeblack phase at finite\ntemperature. Interestingly, even for large deviations from the perfect spin\nflip, we observe a non-perturbative change in the decay rate of the order\nparameter, which is related to the long-lived stability of the magnetic domains\nin 2D."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin functional renormalization group for quantum Heisenberg\n  ferromagnets: Magnetization and magnon damping in two dimensions: We use the spin functional renormalization group recently developed by two of\nus [J. Krieg and P. Kopietz, Phys. Rev. B $\\bf{99}$, 060403(R) (2019)] to\ncalculate the magnetization $M ( H , T )$ and the damping of magnons due to\nclassical longitudinal fluctuations of quantum Heisenberg ferromagnets. In\norder to guarantee that for vanishing magnetic field $H \\rightarrow 0$ the\nmagnon spectrum is gapless when the spin rotational invariance is spontaneously\nbroken, we use a Ward identity to express the magnon self-energy in terms of\nthe magnetization. In two dimensions our approach correctly predicts the\nabsence of long-range magnetic order for $H=0$ at finite temperature $T$. The\nmagnon spectrum then exhibits a gap from which we obtain the transverse\ncorrelation length. We also calculate the wave-function renormalization factor\nof the magnons. As a mathematical by-product, we derive a recursive form of the\ngeneralized Wick theorem for spin operators in frequency space which\nfacilitates the calculation of arbitrary time-ordered connected correlation\nfunctions of an isolated spin in a magnetic field.",
        "positive": "On a suggested link between irreversibility and causality: It has been a long time issue in statistical physics how to combine\nreversible microscopic equations with irreversible macroscopic behavior.\nRecently, Evans and Searles have suggested causality as the key concept for a\nsolution to the irreversibility problem [D. J. Evans and D. J. Searles, Adv.\nPhys. 51, 1529 (2002) and Phys. Rev. E 53, 5808 (1996)]. This proposal is\nexamined from a philosophical, i.e. conceptual, perspective, which reveals that\nthe point of view taken by Evans and Searles is identical with the one already\nsuggested by Boltzmann. According to Boltzmann initial conditions are\nresponsible for the observed irreversibility of the macroscopic world. It is\nshown that reversibility requires a concept of causality, where causes and\neffects are interchangeable - at least on probabilistic grounds. Causality as\ninterpreted by Evans and Searles is not compatible with microscopic\nreversibility and should itself be derived in order to solve the\nirreversibility problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Isoconfigurational thermostat: A holonomic constraint is used to enforce a constant instantaneous\nconfigurational temperature on an equilibrium system. Three sets of equations\nof motion are obtained, differing according to the way in which the holonomic\nconstraint is introduced and the phase space distribution function that is\npreserved by the dynamics. Firstly, Gauss' principle of least constraint is\nused, and it is shown that it does not preserve the canonical distribution.\nSecondly, a modified Hamiltonian is used to find a dynamics that provides a\nrestricted microcanonical distribution. Lastly, we provide equations that are\nspecifically designed to both satisfy the temperature constraint and produce a\nrestricted canonical ensemble.",
        "positive": "Antiresonant driven systems for particle manipulation: We report on the onset of anti-resonant behaviour of mass transport systems\ndriven by time-dependent forces. Anti-resonances arise from the coupling of a\nsufficiently high number of space-time modes of the force. The presence of\nforces having a wide space-time spectrum, a necessary condition for the\nformation of an anti-resonance, is typical of confined systems with uneven and\ndeformable walls that induce entropic forces dependent on space and time. We\nhave analyzed, in particular, the case of polymer chains confined in a flexible\nchannel and shown how they can be sorted and trapped. The presence of\nresonance-antiresonance pairs found can be exploited to design protocols able\nto engineer optimal transport processes and to manipulate the dynamics of\nnano-objects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ising antiferromagnet with mobile, pinned and quenched defects: Motivated by recent experiments on (Sr,Ca,La)_14 Cu_24 O_41, a\ntwo-dimensional Ising antiferromagnet with mobile, locally pinned and quenched\ndefects is introduced and analysed using mainly Monte Carlo techniques. The\ninterplay between the arrangement of the defects and the magnetic ordering as\nwell as the effect of an external field are studied.",
        "positive": "The HMF model for fermions and bosons: We study the thermodynamics of quantum particles with long-range interactions\nat T=0. Specifically, we generalize the Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model to\nthe case of fermions and bosons. In the case of fermions, we consider the\nThomas-Fermi approximation that becomes exact in a proper thermodynamic limit.\nThe equilibrium configurations, described by the Fermi (or waterbag)\ndistribution, are equivalent to polytropes with index n=1/2. In the case of\nbosons, we consider the Hartree approximation that becomes exact in a proper\nthermodynamic limit. The equilibrium configurations are solutions of the mean\nfield Schr\\\"odinger equation with a cosine interaction. We show that the\nhomogeneous phase, that is unstable in the classical regime, becomes stable in\nthe quantum regime. This takes place through a first order phase transition for\nfermions and through a second order phase transition for bosons where the\ncontrol parameter is the normalized Planck constant. In the case of fermions,\nthe homogeneous phase is stabilized by the Pauli exclusion principle while for\nbosons the stabilization is due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. As a\nresult, the thermodynamic limit is different for fermions and bosons. We point\nout analogies between the quantum HMF model and the concepts of fermion and\nboson stars in astrophysics. Finally, as a by-product of our analysis, we\nobtain new results concerning the Vlasov dynamical stability of the waterbag\ndistribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "No-go theorem in many body dissipative particle dynamics: Many body dissipative particle dynamics (MDPD) is a particle-based simulation\nmethod in which the interaction potential is a sum of self energies depending\non locally-sampled density variables. This functional form gives rise to\ndensity-dependent pairwise forces, however not all such force laws are\nderivable from a potential and the integrability condition for this to be the\ncase provides a strong constraint. A strategy to assess the implications of\nthis constraint is illustrated here by the derivation of a useful no-go theorem\nfor multicomponent MDPD.",
        "positive": "Ground State Phase Diagram of the One Dimensional S=1/2 XXZ Model with\n  Dimerization and Quadrumerization: The one dimensional S=1/2 XXZ model with dimerization (1-j) and\nquadrumerization \\delta is studied by the numerical exact diagonalization of\nfinite size systems. Using the conformal field theory and the level\nspectroscopy method, we calculate the ground state phase diagram with XY-like\nanisotropy \\Delta (0<\\Delta<1). The ground states of this model contain the\nHaldane state, S=1 dimer state, S=1 large-D state and S=1/2 dimer state as\nlimiting cases. The \\Delta and \\delta-dependence of the critical exponent \\nu\nof the energy gap is determined from the conformal dimensions of excited\nstates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonadiabatic Quantum Annealing for One-Dimensional Trasverse-Field Ising\n  Model: We propose a nonadiabatic approach to quantum annealing, in which we repeat\nquantum annealing in nonadiabatic time scales, and collect the final states of\nmany realizations to find the ground state among them. In this way, we replace\nthe diffculty of long annealing time in adiabatic quantum annealing by another\nproblem of the number of nonsidabatic (short-time) trials. The one-dimensional\ntransverse-field Ising model is used to test this idea, and it is shown that\nnonadiabatic quantum annealing has the same computational complexity to find\nthe ground state as the conventional adiabatic annealing does. This result\nimplies that the nonadiabatic method may be used to replace adiabatic annealing\nto avoid the effects of external disturbances, to which the adiabatic method is\nmore prone than the nonadiabatic counterpart.",
        "positive": "Bifurcation theory captures band formation in the Vicsek model of flock\n  formation: Collective behavior occurs ubiquitously in nature and it plays a key role in\nbacterial colonies, mammalian cells or flocks of birds. Here, we examine the\naverage density and velocity of self-propelled particles, which are described\nby a system of partial differential equations near the flocking transition of\nthe Vicsek model. This agent-based model illustrates the trend towards flock\nformation of animals that align their velocities to an average of those of\ntheir neighbors. Near the flocking transition, particle density and velocity\nobey partial differential equations that include a parameter $\\epsilon$\nmeasuring the distance to the bifurcation point. We have obtained analytically\nthe Riemann invariants in one and two spatial dimensions for the hyperbolic\n($\\epsilon=0$) and parabolic ($\\epsilon\\neq 0$) system and, under periodic\ninitial-boundary value conditions, we show that the solutions include wave\ntrains. Additionally, we have found wave trains having oscillation frequencies\nthat agree with those predicted by a linearization approximation and that may\npropagate at angles depending on the initial condition. The wave amplitudes\nincrease with time for the hyperbolic system but are stabilized to finite\nvalues for the parabolic system. To integrate the partial differential\nequations, we design a basic numerical scheme which is first order in time and\nspace. To mitigate numerical dissipation and ensure good resolution of the wave\nfeatures, we also use a high order accurate WENO5 reconstruction procedure in\nspace and a third order accurate Runge-Kutta scheme in time. Comparisons with\ndirect simulations of the Vicsek model confirm these predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New insights into the classical molecular transport theory: In the classical transport theory, the coefficients such as the diffusion,\nthermal conductivity and viscosity of fluid are usually expressed in a form\nproportional to the mean free path of molecules. We point out that this may\ncause a great misunderstanding in the molecular transport theory and prove from\nmultiple perspectives of theory and simulation that the molecular transport\ncoefficient is actually proportional to the mean square free path, i.e., the\nsecond moment of the free path distribution function. For two systems with the\nsame mean free path but different molecular free path distributions, the\nclassical expression gives the same transport coefficient, whereas the\nexpression with the mean square free path predicts different transport\ncoefficients, in which their difference may vary from zero to several times as\nthe distribution function becomes more dispersed.",
        "positive": "Local measures of fluctuations in inhomogeneous liquids: Statistical\n  mechanics and illustrative applications: We show in detail how three one-body fluctuation profiles, namely the local\ncompressibility, the local thermal susceptibility, and the reduced density, can\nbe obtained from a statistical mechanical many-body description of classical\nparticle-based systems. We present several different and equivalent routes to\nthe definition of each fluctuation profile, facilitating their explicit\nnumerical calculation in inhomogeneous equilibrium systems. This underlying\nframework is used for the derivation of further properties such as hard wall\ncontact theorems and novel types of inhomogeneous one-body Ornstein-Zernike\nequations. The practical accessibility of all three fluctuation profiles is\nexemplified by grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations that we present for hard\nsphere, Gaussian core and Lennard-Jones fluids in confinement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information flow and optimal protocol for Maxwell's demon single\n  electron pump: We study the entropy and information flow in a Maxwell demon device based on\na single-electron transistor with controlled gate potentials. We construct the\nprotocols for measuring the charge states and manipulating the gate voltages\nwhich minimizes irreversibility for (i) constant input power from the\nenvironment or (ii) given energy gain. Charge measurement is modeled by a\nseries of detector readouts for time-dependent gate potentials, and the amount\nof information obtained is determined. The protocols optimize irreversibility\nthat arises due to (i) enlargement of the configuration space on opening the\nbarriers, and (ii) finite rate of operation. These optimal protocols are\ngeneral and apply to all systems where barriers between different regions can\nbe manipulated.",
        "positive": "Derivation of a Langevin equation in a system with multiple scales: the\n  case of negative temperatures: We consider the problem of building a continuous stochastic model, i.e. a\nLangevin or Fokker-Planck equation, through a well-controlled coarse-graining\nprocedure. Such a method usually involves the elimination of the fast degrees\nof freedom of the \"bath\" to which the particle is coupled. Specifically, we\nlook into the general case where the bath may be at negative temperatures, as\nfound - for instance - in models and experiments with bounded effective kinetic\nenergy. Here, we generalise previous studies by considering the case in which\nthe coarse-graining leads to (i) a renormalisation of the potential felt by the\nparticle, and (ii) spatially dependent viscosity and diffusivity. In addition,\na particular relevant example is provided, where the bath is a spin system and\na sort of phase transition takes place when going from positive to negative\ntemperatures. A Chapman-Enskog-like expansion allows us to rigorously derive\nthe Fokker-Planck equation from the microscopic dynamics. Our theoretical\npredictions show an excellent agrement with numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractality of entangled random walks and non-uniform hyperbolic\n  spaces: Multifractal properties of the distribution of topological invariants for a\nmodel of trajectories randomly entangled with a nonsymmetric lattice of\nobstacles are investigated. Using the equivalence of the model to random walks\non a locally nonsymmetric tree, statistical properties of topological\ninvariants, such as drift and return probabilities, have been studied by means\nof a renormalization group (RG) technique. The comparison of the analytical\nRG--results with numerical simulations as well as with the rigorous results of\nP.Gerl and W.Woess demonstrates clearly the validity of our approach. It is\nshown explicitly by direct counting for the discrete version of the model and\nby conformal methods for the continuous version that multifractality occurs\nwhen local uniformity of the phase space (which has an exponentially large\nnumber of states) has been broken.",
        "positive": "Renormalized site density functional theory: Site density functional theory (SDFT) provides a rigorous framework for\nstatistical mechanics analysis of inhomogeneous molecular liquids. The key\ndefining feature of these systems is the presence of two very distinct\ninteractions scales (intra- and inter-molecular), and as such proper\ndescription of both effects is critical to the accuracy of the calculations.\nCurrent SDFT applications utilize the same approximation scheme for both\ninteraction motifs, which negatively impacts the results. Dual space\nmethodology, used in this work, alleviates this issue by providing the\nflexibility of evaluating part of the interactions in traditional field\nrepresentation. For molecular liquid this translates into retaining density\nrepresentation for inter-molecular interactions but describing stiff\nintra-molecular remainder by more appropriate conventional field based methods.\nThis opens the way to decouple analysis of the two interactions scales - the\nidea which is developed further in this work for the case of homogeneous\nreference approximation of inter-molecular interactions. We demonstrate that by\ndefining new collective variables, the behavior of the original molecular\nliquid system at the inter-molecular level can be transformed to resemble that\nof an effective simple fluid mixture. The latter is linked to intra-molecular\nscale through renormalized interaction parameters. We illustrate this\nrenormalization procedure for several types of diatomic liquids, showing that\nthis approach cures many of the shortcomings of existing SDFT methods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comparison of the Adsorption Transition for Grafted and Nongrafted\n  Polymers: We compare the thermodynamic behavior of a finite single nongrafted polymer\nnear an attractive substrate with that of a polymer grafted to that substrate.\nAfter we recently found first-order-like signatures in the microcanonical\nentropy at the adsorption transition in the nongrafted case, and given the fact\nthat many studies on polymer adsorption in the past have been performed for\ngrafted polymers, the question arises, to what extent and in what way does\ngrafting change the nature of the adsorption transition? This question is\ntackled here using a coarse-grained off-lattice polymer model and covers not\nonly the adsorption transition but also all other transitions a single polymer\nnear an attractive substrate of varying strengths undergoes. Because of the\nimpact of grafting especially on the translational but also on the\nconformational entropy of desorbed chains, the adsorption transition is\naffected the strongest. Our results are obtained by a combined canonical and\nmicrocanonical analysis of parallel tempering Monte Carlo data.",
        "positive": "Adding alchemical variables to metadynamics to enhance sampling in free\n  energy calculations: Performing alchemical transformations, in which one molecular system is\nnonphysically changed to another system, is a popular approach adopted in\nperforming free energy calculations associated with various biophysical\nprocesses, such as protein-ligand binding or the transfer of a molecule between\nenvironments. While the sampling of alchemical intermediate states in either\nparallel (e.g. Hamiltonian replica exchange) or serial manner (e.g. expanded\nensemble) can bridge the high-probability regions in the configurational space\nbetween two end states of interest, alchemical methods can fail in scenarios\nwhere the most important slow degrees of freedom in the configurational space\nare in large part orthogonal to the alchemical variable, or if the system gets\ntrapped in a deep basin extending in both the configurational and alchemical\nspace.\n  To alleviate these issues, we propose to use alchemical variables as an\nadditional dimension in metadynamics, augmenting the ability both to sample\ncollective variables and to enhance sampling in free energy calculations. In\nthis study, we validate our implementation of alchemical metadynamics in PLUMED\nwith test systems and alchemical processes with varying complexities and\ndimensions of collective variable space, including the interconversion between\nthe torsional metastable states of a toy system and the methylation of a\nnucleoside both in the isolated form and in a duplex. We show that\nmulti-dimensional alchemical metadynamics can address the challenges mentioned\nabove and further accelerate sampling by introducing configurational collective\nvariables. The method can trivially be combined with other metadynamics-based\nalgorithms implemented in PLUMED. The necessary PLUMED code changes have\nalready been released for general use in PLUMED 2.8."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of triangulated ribbons: We use computer simulations and scaling arguments to investigate statistical\nand structural properties of a semiflexible ribbon composed of isosceles\ntriangles. We study two different models, one where the bending energy is\ncalculated from the angles between the normal vectors of adjacent triangles,\nthe second where the edges are viewed as semiflexible polymers so that the\nbending energy is related to the angles between the tangent vectors of\nnext-nearest neighbor triangles. The first model can be solved exactly whereas\nthe second is more involved. It was recently introduced by Liverpool and\nGolestanian Phys.Rev.Lett. 80, 405 (1998), Phys.Rev.E 62, 5488 (2000) as a\nmodel for double-stranded biopolymers such as DNA. Comparing observables such\nas the autocorrelation functions of the tangent vectors and the bond-director\nfield, the probability distribution functions of the end-to-end distance, and\nthe mean squared twist we confirm the existence of local twist correlation, but\nfind no indications for other predicted features such as twist-stretch\ncoupling, kinks, or oscillations in the autocorrelation function of the\nbond-director field.",
        "positive": "Scaling in erosion of landscapes: Renormalization group analysis of a\n  model with infinitely many couplings: Standard field theoretic renormalization group is applied to the model of\nlandscape erosion introduced by R. Pastor-Satorras and D. H. Rothman [Phys.\nRev. Lett. 80: 4349 (1998); J. Stat. Phys. 93: 477 (1998)] yielding unexpected\nresults: the model is multiplicatively renormalizable only if it involves\ninfinitely many coupling constants ( i.e., the corresponding renormalization\ngroup equations involve infinitely many beta-functions). Despite this fact, the\none-loop counterterm can be derived albeit in a closed form in terms of the\ncertain function $V(h)$, entering the original stochastic equation, and its\nderivatives with respect to the height field $h$. Its Taylor expansion gives\nrise to the full infinite set of the one-loop renormalization constants,\nbeta-functions and anomalous dimensions. Instead of a set of fixed points,\nthere is a two-dimensional surface of fixed points that is likely to contain\ninfrared attractive region(s). If that is the case, the model exhibits scaling\nbehaviour in the infrared range. The corresponding critical exponents are\nnonuniversal through the dependence on the coordinates of the fixed point on\nthe surface, but satisfy certain universal exact relations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Approximate expression for the dynamic structure factor in the\n  Lieb-Liniger model: Recently, Imambekov and Glazman [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 206805 (2008)] showed\nthat the dynamic structure factor (DSF) of the 1D Bose gas demonstrates\npower-law behaviour along the limiting dispersion curve of the collective modes\nand calculated the corresponding exponents exactly. Combining these recent\nresults with a previously obtained strong-coupling expansion we present an\ninterpolation formula for the DSF of the 1D Bose gas. The obtained expression\nis further consistent with exact low energy exponents from Luttinger liquid\ntheory and shows nice agreement with recent numerical results.",
        "positive": "Global Optimization of the Mean First Passage Time for Narrow Capture\n  Problems in Elliptic Domains: Narrow escape and narrow capture problems which describe the average times\nrequired to stop the motion of a randomly travelling particle within a domain\nhave applications in various areas of science. While for general domains, it is\nknown how the escape time decreases with the increase of the trap sizes, for\nsome specific 2D and 3D domains, higher-order asymptotic formulas have been\nestablished, providing the dependence of the escape time on the sizes and\nlocations of the traps. Such results allow the use of global optimization to\nseek trap arrangements that minimize average escape times. In a recent paper\n\\cite{iyaniwura2021optimization}, an explicit size- and trap location-dependent\nexpansion of the average mean first passage time (MFPT) in a 2D elliptic domain\nwas derived. The goal of this work is to systematically seek global minima of\nMFPT for $1\\leq N\\leq 50$ traps in elliptic domains using global optimization\ntechniques, and compare the corresponding putative optimal trap arrangements\nfor different values of the domain eccentricity. Further, an asymptotic formula\nthe for the average MFPT in elliptic domains with $N$ circular traps of\narbitrary sizes is derived, and sample optimal configurations involving\nnon-equal traps are computed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Models solvable through the empty-interval method: The most general one dimensional reaction-diffusion model with\nnearest-neighbor interactions solvable through the empty interval method, and\nwithout any restriction on the particle-generation from two adjacent empty\nsites is studied. It is shown that turning on the reactions which generate\nparticles from two adjacent empty sites, results in a gap in the spectrum of\nthe evolution operator (or equivalently a finite relaxation time).",
        "positive": "One antimatter --- two possible thermodynamics: Conventional thermodynamics, which is formulated for our world populated by\nradiation and matter, can be extended to describe physical properties of\nantimatter in two mutually exclusive ways: CP-invariant or CPT-invariant. Here\nwe refer to invariance of physical laws under charge (C), parity (P) and time\nreversal (T) transformations. While in quantum field theory CPT invariance is a\ntheorem confirmed by experiments, the symmetry principles applied to\nmacroscopic phenomena or to the whole of the Universe represent only\nhypotheses. Since both versions of thermodynamics are different only in their\ntreatment of antimatter, but are the same in describing our world dominated by\nmatter, making a clear experimentally justified choice between CP invariance\nand CPT invariance in context of thermodynamics is not possible at present.\nThis work investigates the comparative properties of the CP- and CPT-invariant\nextensions of thermodynamics (focusing on the latter, which is less\nconventional than the former) and examines conditions under which these\nextensions can be experimentally tested."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards low-temperature peculiarities of thermodynamic quantities for\n  decorated spin chains: We discuss the origin of an enigmatic low-temperature behavior of\none-dimensional decorated spin systems which was coined the pseudo-transition.\nTracing out the decorated parts results in the standard Ising-chain model with\ntemperature-dependent parameters and the unexpected low-temperature behavior of\nthermodynamic quantities and correlations of the decorated spin chains can be\ntracked down to the critical point of the standard Ising-chain model at ${\\sf\nH}=0$ and ${\\sf T}=0$. We illustrate this perspective using as examples the\nspin-1/2 Ising-XYZ diamond chain, the coupled spin-electron double-tetrahedral\nchain, and the spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg double-tetrahedral chain.",
        "positive": "Study of the Ashkin Teller model with spins $S$ = $1$ and $\u03c3$ =\n  $3/2$ subjected to different crystal fields using the Monte-Carlo method: Using the Monte-Carlo method, we study the magnetic properties of the\nAshkin-Teller model (ATM) under the effect of the crystal field with spins $S =\n1$ and $\\sigma = 3/2$. First, we determine the most stable phases in the phase\ndiagrams at temperature $T = 0$ using exact calculations. For higher\ntemperatures, we use the Monte-Carlo simulation. We have found rich phase\ndiagrams with the ordered phases: a Baxter $3/2$ and a Baxter $1/2$ phases in\naddition to a $\\left\\langle \\sigma S\\right\\rangle$ phase that does not show up\neither in ATM spin 1 or in ATM spin $3/2$ and, lastly, a $\\left\\langle\n\\sigma\\right\\rangle = 1/2$ phase with first and second order transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Disentanglement Approach to Quantum Spin Ground States: Field Theory and\n  Stochastic Simulation: We develop an analytical and numerical framework based on the disentanglement\napproach to study the ground states of many-body quantum spins systems. In this\napproach, observables are expressed as functional integrals over scalar fields,\nwhere the relevant measure is the Wiener measure. We identify the leading\ncontribution to these integrals, given by the saddle point field configuration.\nAnalytically, this can be used to develop an exact field-theoretical expansion\nof the functional integrals, performed by means of appropriate Feynman rules.\nThe expansion can be truncated to the desired order to obtain approximate\nanalytical results for ground state expectation values. Numerically, the saddle\npoint configuration can be used to compute physical observables by means of an\nexact importance sampling scheme. We illustrate our methods by considering the\nquantum Ising model in 1, 2 and 3 spatial dimensions. Our analytical and\nnumerical results are applicable to a broad class of many-body quantum spin\nsystems, bridging concepts from quantum lattice models, continuum field theory,\nand classical stochastic processes.",
        "positive": "Operator Entanglement in Local Quantum Circuits I: Chaotic Dual-Unitary\n  Circuits: The entanglement in operator space is a well established measure for the\ncomplexity of the quantum many-body dynamics. In particular, that of local\noperators has recently been proposed as dynamical chaos indicator, i.e. as a\nquantity able to discriminate between quantum systems with integrable and\nchaotic dynamics. For chaotic systems the local-operator entanglement is\nexpected to grow linearly in time, while it is expected to grow at most\nlogarithmically in the integrable case. Here we study local-operator\nentanglement in dual-unitary quantum circuits, a class of \"statistically\nsolvable\" quantum circuits that we recently introduced. We identify a class of\n\"completely chaotic\" dual-unitary circuits where the local-operator\nentanglement grows linearly and we provide a conjecture for its asymptotic\nbehaviour which is in excellent agreement with the numerical results.\nInterestingly, our conjecture also predicts a \"phase transition\" in the slope\nof the local-operator entanglement when varying the parameters of the circuits."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantitative Assessment of the Toner and Tu Theory of Polar Flocks: We present a quantitative assessment of the Toner and Tu theory describing\nthe universal scaling of fluctuations in polar phases of dry active matter.\nUsing large scale simulations of the Vicsek model in two and three dimensions,\nwe find the overall phenomenology and generic algebraic scaling predicted by\nToner and Tu, but our data on density correlations reveal some qualitative\ndiscrepancies. The values of the associated scaling exponents we estimate\ndiffer significantly from those conjectured in 1995. In particular, we identify\na large crossover scale beyond which flocks are only weakly anisotropic. We\ndiscuss the meaning and consequences of these results.",
        "positive": "Some Properties of Sandpile Models as Prototype of Self-Organized\n  Critical Systems: This paper is devoted to the recent advances in self-organized criticality\n(SOC), and the concepts. The paper contains three parts; in the first part we\npresent some examples of SOC systems, in the second part we add some comments\nconcerning its relation to logarithmic conformal field theory, and in the third\npart we report on the application of SOC concepts to various systems ranging\nfrom cumulus clouds to 2D electron gases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Real-Space Renormalization Group Study of the Two-dimensional\n  Blume-Capel Model with a Random Crystal Field: The phase-diagram of the two-dimensional Blume-Capel model with a random\ncrystal field is investigated within the framework of a real-space\nrenormalization group approximation. Our results suggest that, for any amount\nof randomness, the model exhibits a line of Ising-like continuous transitions,\nas in the pure model, but no first-order transition. At zero temperature the\ntransition is also continuous, but not in the same universality class as the\nIsing model. In this limit, the attractor (in the renormalization group sense)\nis the percolation fixed point of the site diluted spin-1/2 Ising model. The\nresults we found are in qualitative agreement with general predictions made by\nBerker and Hui on the critical behaviour of random models.",
        "positive": "Ordering of geometrically frustrated classical and quantum Ising magnets: A systematic study of both classical and quantum geometric frustrated Ising\nmodels with a competing ordering mechanism is reported in this paper. The\nordering comes in the classical case from a coupling of 2D layers and in the\nquantum model from the quantum dynamics induced by a transverse field. By\nmapping the Ising models on a triangular lattice to elastic lattices of\nnon-crossing strings, we derive an exact relation between the spin variables\nand the displacement field of the strings. Using this map both for the\nclassical (2+1)D stacked model and the quantum frustrated 2D system, we obtain\na microscopic derivation of an effective Hamiltonian which was proposed before\non phenomenological grounds within a Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson approach. In\ncontrast to the latter approach, our derivation provides the coupling constants\nand hence the entire transverse field--versus--temperature phase diagram can be\ndeduced, including the universality classes of both the quantum and the\nfinite--temperature transitions. The structure of the ordered phase is obtained\nfrom a detailed entropy argument. We compare our predictions to recent\nsimulations of the quantum system and find good agreement. We also analyze the\nconnections to a dimer model on the hexagonal lattice and its height profile\nrepresentation, providing a simple derivation of the continuum free energy and\na physical explanation for the universality of the stiffness of the height\nprofile for anisotropic couplings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-local linear response in anomalous transport: Anomalous heat transport observed in low dimensional classical systems is\nassociated to super-diffusive spreading of space-time correlation of the\nconserved fields in the system. This leads to non-local linear response\nrelation between the heat current and the local temperature gradient in\nnon-equilibrium steady state. This relation provides a generalisation of\nFourier's law of heat transfer and is characterised by a non-local kernel\noperator which is related to fractional operators describing super-diffusion.\nThe kernel is essentially proportional, in appropriate hydrodynamic scaling\nlimit, to the time integral of the space-time correlations of local currents in\nequilibrium. In finite size systems, the time integral of correlation of\nmicroscopic currents at different locations over infinite duration is\nindependent of the locations. On the other hand the kernel operator is\nspace-dependent. We demonstrate that the resolution of this apparent puzzle\nappears through taking appropriate combination of limits of large system size\nand large integration time duration. Our study shows the importance of taking\nthe limits in proper way even for (open) systems connected to reservoirs. In\nparticular we reveal how to extract the kernel operator from simulation data of\nmicroscopic current-current correlation. For two model systems exhibiting\nanomalous transport, we provide direct and detailed numerical verification of\nthe kernel operators.",
        "positive": "Extracting work from a single reservoir in the non-Markovian underdamped\n  regime: We derive optimal-work finite time protocols for a colloidal particle in a\nGaussian well in the general non-Markovian underdamped regime in contact with a\nsingle reservoir. Optimal work protocols with and without measurements of\nposition and velocity are shown to be linear in time. In order to treat the\nunderdamped regime one must address forcing the particle at the start and at\nthe end of a protocol, conditions which dominate the short time behaviour of\nthe colloidal particle. We find that for protocols without measurement the\nleast work by an external agent decreases linearly for forced start-stop\nconditions while those only forced at starting conditions are quadratic\n(slower) at short times, while both decrease asymptotically to zero for\nquais-static processes. When measurements are performed protocols with\nstart-end forcing are still more efficient at short times but can be overtaken\nby start-only protocols at a threshold time. Measurement protocols derive work\nfrom the reservoir but always below the predicted by the Sagawa's\ngeneralization of the second law. Velocity measurement protocols are more\nefficient in deriving work than position measurements."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Phenomena in Active Matter: We investigate the effect of self-propulsion on a mean-field order-disorder\ntransition. Starting from a $\\varphi^4$ scalar field theory subject to an\nexponentially correlated noise, we exploit the Unified Colored Noise\nApproximation to map the non-equilibrium active dynamics onto an effective\nequilibrium one. This allows us to follow the evolution of the second-order\ncritical point as a function of the noise parameters: the correlation time\n$\\tau$ and the noise strength $D$. Our results suggest that $\\tau$ is a crucial\ningredient that changes the location of the critical point but, remarkably, not\nthe universality class of the model. We also estimate the effect of Gaussian\nfluctuations on the mean-field approximation finding an Ornstein-Zernike like\nexpression for the static structure factor at long wave lengths. Finally, to\nassess the validity of our predictions, we compare the mean-field theoretical\nresults with numerical simulations of active Lennard-Jones particles in two and\nthree dimensions, finding a good qualitative agreement at small $\\tau$ values.",
        "positive": "Generalized entropies and the transformation group of superstatistics: Superstatistics describes statistical systems that behave like superpositions\nof different inverse temperatures $\\beta$, so that the probability distribution\nis $p(\\epsilon_i) \\propto \\int_{0}^{\\infty} f(\\beta) e^{-\\beta\n\\epsilon_i}d\\beta$, where the `kernel' $f(\\beta)$ is nonnegative and normalized\n($\\int f(\\beta)d \\beta =1$). We discuss the relation between this distribution\nand the generalized entropic form $S=\\sum_i s(p_i)$. The first three\nShannon-Khinchin axioms are assumed to hold. It then turns out that for a given\ndistribution there are two different ways to construct the entropy. One\napproach uses escort probabilities and the other does not; the question of\nwhich to use must be decided empirically. The two approaches are related by a\nduality. The thermodynamic properties of the system can be quite different for\nthe two approaches. In that connection we present the transformation laws for\nthe superstatistical distributions under macroscopic state changes. The\ntransformation group is the Euclidean group in one dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Order of the phase transition in models of DNA thermal denaturation: We examine the behavior of a model which describes the melting of\ndouble-stranded DNA chains. The model, with displacement-dependent stiffness\nconstants and a Morse on-site potential, is analyzed numerically; depending on\nthe stiffness parameter, it is shown to have either (i) a second-order\ntransition with \"nu_perpendicular\" = - beta = 1, \"nu_parallel\" = gamma/2 = 2\n(characteristic of short range attractive part of the Morse potential) or (ii)\na first-order transition with finite melting entropy, discontinuous fraction of\nbound pairs, divergent correlation lengths, and critical exponents\n\"nu_perpendicular\" = - beta = 1/2, \"nu_parallel\" = gamma/2 = 1.",
        "positive": "Damage in impact fragmentation: Using a simple and generic molecular dynamics model, we study the damage in a\ndisc of interacting particles as the disc fragments upon impact with a wall.\nThe damage, defined as the ratio of the number of bonds broken by the impact to\nthe initial number of bonds, is found to increase logarithmically with the\nenergy deposited in the system. This result implies a linear growth with damage\nfor the total number of fragments and for the power law exponent of the\nfragment size distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inferring nonequilibrium thermodynamics from tilted equilibrium using\n  information-geometric Legendre transform: Nonstationary thermodynamic quantities depend on the full details of\nnonstationary probability distributions, making them difficult to measure\ndirectly in experiments or numerics. We propose a method to infer thermodynamic\nquantities in relaxation processes by measuring only a few observables, using\nadditional information obtained from measurements in tilted equilibrium, i.e.,\nequilibrium with external fields applied. Our method is applicable to arbitrary\nclassical stochastic systems, possibly underdamped, that relax to equilibrium.\nThe method allows us to compute the exact value of the minimum entropy\nproduction (EP) compatible with the nonstationary observations, giving a tight\nlower bound on the true EP. Under a certain additional condition, it also\nallows the inference of the EP rate, thermodynamic forces, and a new constraint\non relaxation paths. Our method is based on a newly developed Legendre\ntransform at the level of probability distributions that originates from\ninformation geometry.",
        "positive": "Solution of the Percus-Yevick equation for hard hyperspheres in even\n  dimensions: We solve the Percus-Yevick equation in even dimensions by reducing it to a\nset of simple integro-differential equations. This work generalizes an approach\nwe developed previously for hard discs. We numerically obtain both the pair\ncorrelation function and the virial coefficients for a fluid of hyper-spheres\nin dimensions $d=4,6$ and 8, and find good agreement with available exact\nresults and Monte-Carlo simulations. This paper confirms the alternating\ncharacter of the virial series for $d \\ge 6$, and provides the first evidence\nfor an alternating character for $d=4$. Moreover, we show that this sign\nalternation is due to the existence of a branch point on the negative real\naxis. It is this branch point that determines the radius of convergence of the\nvirial series, whose value we determine explicitly for $d=4,6,8$. Our results\ncomplement, and are consistent with, a recent study in odd dimensions [R.D.\nRohrmann et al., J. Chem. Phys. 129, 014510 (2008)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crackling Noise: Crackling noise arises when a system responds to changing external conditions\nthrough discrete, impulsive events spanning a broad range of sizes. A wide\nvariety of physical systems exhibiting crackling noise have been studied, from\nearthquakes on faults to paper crumpling. Because these systems exhibit regular\nbehavior over many decades of sizes, their behavior is likely independent of\nmicroscopic and macroscopic details, and progress can be made by the use of\nvery simple models. The fact that simple models and real systems can share the\nsame behavior on a wide range of scales is called universality. We illustrate\nthese ideas using results for our model of crackling noise in magnets,\nexplaining the use of the renormalization group and scaling collapses. This\nfield is still developing: we describe a number of continuing challenges.",
        "positive": "Tensor-network approach to thermalization in open quantum many-body\n  systems: We investigate the relaxation dynamics of open non-integrable quantum\nmany-body systems in the thermodynamic limit by using a tensor-network\nformalism. We simulate the Lindblad quantum master equation (LQME) of infinite\nsystems by making use of the uniform matrix product operators (MPO) as the\nansatz of their density matrices. Furthermore, we establish a method to measure\nthe thermodynamic equivalence between two states described by the uniform MPOs.\nWe numerically show that when an initial state of the LQME is a thermal Gibbs\nstate, a time evolved state is always indistinguishable from a Gibbs state with\na time-dependent effective temperature in the weak-dissipation and\nthermodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermoelectric energy converters under a trade-off figure of merit with\n  broken time-reversal symmetry: We study the performance of a three-terminal thermoelectric device such as\nheat engine and refrigerator with broken time-reversal symmetry by applying the\nunified trade-off figure of merit ($\\dot{\\Omega}$ criterion) which accounts for\nboth useful energy and losses. For heat engine, we find that a thermoelectric\ndevice working under the maximum $\\dot{\\Omega}$ criterion gives a significantly\nbetter performance than a device working at maximum power output. Within the\nframework of linear irreversible thermodynamics such a direct comparison is not\npossible for refrigerators, however, our study indicates that, for\nrefrigerator, the maximum cooling load gives a better performance than the\nmaximum $\\dot{\\Omega}$ criterion for a larger asymmetry. Our results can be\nuseful to choose a suitable optimization criterion for operating a real\nthermoelectric device with broken time-reversal symmetry.",
        "positive": "Expected Shortfall as a Tool for Financial Risk Management: We study the properties of Expected Shortfall from the point of view of\nfinancial risk management. This measure --- which emerges as a natural remedy\nin some cases where Value at Risk (VaR) is not able to distinguish portfolios\nwhich bear different levels of risk --- is indeed shown to have much better\nproperties than VaR. We show in fact that unlike VaR this variable is in\ngeneral subadditive and therefore it is a Coherent Measure of Risk in the sense\nof reference (artzner)"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scale free chaos in the confined Vicsek flocking model: The Vicsek model encompasses the paradigm of active dry matter. Motivated by\ncollective behavior of insects in swarms, we have studied finite size effects\nand criticality in the three dimensional, harmonically confined Vicsek model.\nWe have discovered a phase transition that exists for appropriate noise and\nsmall confinement strength. On the critical line of confinement versus noise,\nswarms are in a state of scale-free chaos characterized by minimal correlation\ntime, correlation length proportional to swarm size and topological data\nanalysis. The critical line separates dispersed single clusters from confined\nmulticluster swarms. Scale-free chaotic swarms occupy a compact region of space\nand comprise a recognizable `condensed' nucleus and particles leaving and\nentering it. Susceptibility, correlation length, dynamic correlation function\nand largest Lyapunov exponent obey power laws. The critical line and a narrow\ncriticality region close to it move simultaneously to zero confinement strength\nfor infinitely many particles. At the end of the first chaotic window of\nconfinement, there is another phase transition to infinitely dense clusters of\nfinite size that may be termed flocking black holes.",
        "positive": "The dimensional evolution of structure and dynamics in hard sphere\n  liquids: The formulation of the mean-field, infinite-dimensional solution of hard\nsphere glasses is a significant milestone for theoretical physics. How relevant\nthis description might be for understanding low-dimensional glass-forming\nliquids, however, remains unclear. These liquids indeed exhibit a complex\ninterplay between structure and dynamics, and the importance of this interplay\nmight only slowly diminish as dimension $d$ increases. A careful numerical\nassessment of the matter has long been hindered by the exponential increase of\ncomputational costs with $d$. By revisiting a once common simulation technique\ninvolving the use of periodic boundary conditions modeled on $D_d$ lattices, we\nhere partly sidestep this difficulty, thus allowing the study of hard sphere\nliquids up to $d=13$. Parallel efforts by Mangeat and Zamponi [Phys. Rev. E 93,\n012609 (2016)] have expanded the mean-field description of glasses to finite\n$d$ by leveraging standard liquid-state theory, and thus help bridge the gap\nfrom the other direction. The relatively smooth evolution of both structure and\ndynamics across the $d$ gap allows us to relate the two approaches, and to\nidentify some of the missing features that a finite-$d$ theory of glasses might\nhope to include to achieve near quantitative agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Uniaxial modulation and the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition: We present a theoretical study of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless\ntransition of a two-dimensional superfluid in the presence of an externally\nimposed density modulation along a single axis. The subject is investigated in\nthe context of the $|\\psi|^4$ classical field theory, by means of analytical\nand numerical techniques. We show that, as the amplitude of the modulation\nincreases, the physics of the system approaches that of the anisotropic $x$-$y$\nmodel, with a suppressed superfluid transition temperature and an anisotropic\nresponse, but with no dimensional crossover.",
        "positive": "Gaussian theory for spatially distributed self-propelled particles: Obtaining a reduced description with particle and momentum flux densities\noutgoing from the microscopic equations of motion of the particles requires\napproximations. The usual method, we refer to as truncation method, is to zero\nFourier modes of the orientation distribution starting from a given number.\nHere we propose another method to derive continuum equations for interacting\nself-propelled particles. The derivation is based on a Gaussian approximation\n(GA) of the distribution of the direction of particles. First, by means of\nsimulation of the microscopic model we justify that the distribution of\nindividual directions fits well to a wrapped Gaussian distribution. Second, we\nnumerically integrate the continuum equations derived in the GA in order to\ncompare with results of simulations. We obtain that the global polarization in\nthe GA exhibits a hysteresis in dependence on the noise intensity. It shows\nqualitatively the same behavior as we find in particles simulations. Moreover,\nboth global polarizations agree perfectly for low noise intensities. The\nspatio-temporal structures of the GA are also in agreement with simulations. We\nconclude that the GA shows qualitative agreement for a wide range of noise\nintensities. In particular, for low noise intensities the agreement with\nsimulations is better as other approximations, making the GA to an acceptable\ncandidates of describing spatially distributed self-propelled particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipative symmetry breaking in non-equilibrium steady states: The connection between dissipation and symmetry breaking is a long-standing\nenigma in statistical physics. It is intimately connected to the quest of a\nnon-equilibrium functional whose minimization gives the non-equilibrium steady\nstate (NESS). Writing down such a functional, we show that, in the presence of\nadditive noise, any NESS is characterized by the minimum entropy production\ncompatible with the maximum dissipation along cycles in the trajectory space.\nThis result sheds light on the excess entropy production principle and the\nonset of chiral symmetry breaking out-of-equilibrium, indicating that the\nhousekeeping dissipation is connected with the tendency of performing cycles in\na preferential direction. Finally, when multiplicative noise is present, we\nfind that the non-equilibrium functional has two dissipative symmetry-breaking\ncontributions, one stemming from cycles and the other from a\nthermophoresis-like effect. Our framework paves the way to understand selection\nphenomena as symmetry-breaking processes driven by non-equilibrium dissipation.",
        "positive": "Random walks on networks with stochastic resetting: We study random walks with stochastic resetting to the initial position on\narbitrary networks. We obtain the stationary probability distribution as well\nas the mean and global first passage times, which allow us to characterize the\neffect of resetting on the capacity of a random walker to reach a particular\ntarget or to explore a finite network. We apply the results to rings, Cayley\ntrees, random and complex networks. Our formalism holds for undirected networks\nand can be implemented from the spectral properties of the random walk without\nresetting, providing a tool to analyze the search efficiency in different\nstructures with the small-world property or communities. In this way, we extend\nthe study of resetting processes to the domain of networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slip avalanches in crystal plasticity: scaling of the avalanche cutoff: Plastic deformation of crystals proceeds through a sequence of intermittent\nslip avalanches with scale-free (power-law) size distribution. On macroscopic\nscales, however, plastic flow is known to be smooth and homogeneous. In the\npresent letter we use a recently proposed continuum model of slip avalanches to\nsystematically investigate the nature of the cut-off which truncates scale-free\nbehavior at large avalanche sizes. The dependence of the cut-off on system\nsize, geometry, and driving mode, but also on intrinsic parameters such as the\nstrain hardening rate is established. Implications for the observability of\navalanche behavior in microscopic and macroscopic samples are discussed.",
        "positive": "Coarsening in inhomogeneous systems: This Article is a brief review of coarsening phenomena occurring in systems\nwhere quenched features - such as random field, varying coupling constants or\nlattice vacancies - spoil homogeneity. We discuss the current understanding of\nthe problem in ferromagnetic systems with a non-conserved scalar order\nparameter by focusing primarily on the form of the growth-law of the ordered\ndomains and on the scaling properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical properties of a trapped interacting Bose gas: We develop a practical theoretical formalism for studying the critical\nproperties of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate using the projected\nGross-Pitaevskii equation. We show that this approach allows us investigate the\nbehavior of the correlation length, condensate mode and its number fluctuations\nabout the critical point. Motivated by recent experiments [Science {\\bf 315},\n1556 (2007)] we calculate the critical exponent for the correlation length,\nobserve clear finite-size effects, and develop characteristic length scales to\ncharacterize the finite-size influences. We extend the Binder cumulant to the\ntrapped system and discuss an experimental method for measuring number\nfluctuations.",
        "positive": "Artificial spin ice and vertex models: In classical and quantum frustrated magnets the interactions in combination\nwith the lattice structure impede the spins to order in optimal configurations\nat zero temperature. The theoretical interest in their classical realisations\nhas been boosted by the artificial manufacture of materials with these\nproperties, that are of flexible design. This note summarises work on the use\nof vertex models to study bidimensional spin-ices samples, done in\ncollaboration with R. A. Borzi, M. V. Ferreyra, L. Foini, G. Gonnella, S. A.\nGrigera, P. Guruciaga, D. Levis, A. Pelizzola and M. Tarzia, in recent years.\nIt is an invited contribution to a J. Stat. Phys. special issue dedicated to\nthe memory of Leo P. Kadanoff."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Perturbative Renormalization Group for Simple Fluids: We present a new non perturbative renormalization group for classical simple\nfluids. The theory is built in the Grand Canonical ensemble and in the\nframework of two equivalent scalar field theories as well. The exact mapping\nbetween the three renormalization flows is established rigorously. In the Grand\nCanonical ensemble the theory may be seen as an extension of the Hierarchical\nReference Theory (L. Reatto and A. Parola, \\textit{Adv. Phys.}, \\textbf{44},\n211 (1995)) but however does not suffer from its shortcomings at subcritical\ntemperatures. In the framework of a new canonical field theory of liquid state\ndeveloped in that aim our construction identifies with the effective average\naction approach developed recently (J. Berges, N. Tetradis, and C. Wetterich,\n\\textit{Phys. Rep.}, \\textbf{363} (2002)).",
        "positive": "Glassy Critical Points and Random Field Ising Model: We consider the critical properties of points of continuous glass transition\nas one can find in liquids in presence of constraints or in liquids in porous\nmedia. Through a one loop analysis we show that the critical Replica Field\nTheory describing these points can be mapped in the $\\phi^4$-Random Field Ising\nModel. We confirm our analysis studying the finite size scaling of the $p$-spin\nmodel defined on sparse random graph, where a fraction of variables is frozen\nsuch that the phase transition is of a continuous kind."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Under which conditions is quantum brownian motion observable in a\n  microscope?: We investigate under which conditions we can expect to observe quantum\nbrownian motion in a microscope. Using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, we\ninvestigate quantum brownian motion in an ohmic bath, and estimate temporal and\nspatial accuracy required to observe a crossover from classical to quantum\nbehavior.",
        "positive": "Defects and degeneracies in supersymmetry protected phases: We analyse a class of 1D lattice models, known as M$_k$ models, which are\ncharacterised by an order-$k$ clustering of spin-less fermions and by ${\\cal\nN}=2$ lattice supersymmetry. Our main result is the identification of a class\nof (bulk or edge) defects, that are in one-to-one correspondence with so-called\nspin fields in a corresponding $\\mathbb{Z}_k$ parafermion CFT. In the gapped\nregime, injecting such defects leads to ground state degeneracies that are\nprotected by the supersymmetry. The defects, which are closely analogous to\nquasi-holes over the fermionic Read-Rezayi quantum Hall states, display\ncharacteristic fusion rules, which are of Ising type for $k=2$ and of Fibonacci\ntype for $k=3$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A diagrammatic representation of entropy production: We introduce a natural way of visualizing the entropy production in heat\ntransfer processes between a system and a thermal reservoir. This\nrepresentation is particularly useful to highlight the asymmetric character of\nthe heating and cooling processes, when they are analyzed from the second-law\nperspective.",
        "positive": "Inferring entropy production in anharmonic Brownian gyrators: A non-vanishing entropy production rate is one of the defining\ncharacteristics of any non-equilibrium system, and several techniques exist to\ndetermine this quantity directly from experimental data. The short-time\ninference scheme, derived from the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, is a\nrecent addition to the list of these techniques. Here we apply this scheme to\nquantify the entropy production rate in a class of microscopic heat engine\nmodels called Brownian gyrators. In particular, we consider models with\nanharmonic confining potentials. In these cases, the dynamical equations are\nindelibly non-linear, and the exact dependences of the entropy production rate\non the model parameters are unknown. Our results demonstrate that the\nshort-time inference scheme can efficiently determine these dependencies from a\nmoderate amount of trajectory data. Furthermore, the results show that the\nnon-equilibrium properties of the gyrator model with anharmonic confining\npotentials are considerably different from its harmonic counterpart -\nespecially in set-ups leading to a non-equilibrium dynamics and the resulting\ngyration patterns."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bilayer Haldane system: Topological characterization and adiabatic\n  passages connecting Chern phases: We present a complete topological characterization of a bilayer composite of\ntwo Chern insulators (specifically, Haldane models) and explicitly establish\nthe bulk-boundary correspondences. We show that an appropriately defined Chern\nnumber accurately maps out all the possible phases of the system and remains\nwell-defined even in the presence of degeneracies in the occupied bands.\nImportantly, our result paves the way for realizing adiabatic preparation of\nmonolayer Chern insulators. This has been a major challenge till date, given\nthe impossibility of unitarily connecting inequivalent topological phases. We\nshow that this difficulty can be circumvented by adiabatically varying the\ninterlayer coupling in such a way that the system remains gapped at all times.\nIn particular, a complete knowledge of the phase diagram of the bilayer\ncomposite immediately allows one to identify all such adiabatic passages which\nmay connect the different Chern inequivalent phases of the individual\nmonolayers.",
        "positive": "Fixing the fixed-point system - Applying Dynamic Renormalization Group\n  to systems with long-range interactions: In this paper a mode of using the Dynamic Renormalization Group (DRG) method\nis suggested in order to cope with inconsistent results obtained when applying\nit to a continuous family of one-dimensional nonlocal models. The key\nobservation is that the correct fixed-point dynamical system has to be\nidentified during the analysis in order to account for all the relevant terms\nthat are generated under renormalization. This is well established for static\nproblems, however poorly implemented in dynamical ones. An application of this\napproach to a nonlocal extension of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation resolves\ncertain problems in one-dimension. Namely, obviously problematic predictions\nare eliminated and the existing exact analytic results are recovered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic equations for thermodynamics: The applicability of stochastic differential equations to thermodynamics is\nconsidered and a new form, different from the classical Ito and Stratonovich\nforms, is introduced. It is shown that the new presentation is more appropriate\nfor the description of thermodynamic fluctuations. The range of validity of the\nBoltzmann-Einstein principle is also discussed and a generalized alternative is\nproposed. Both expressions coincide in the small fluctuation limit, providing a\nnormal distribution density.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium random walks on multiplex networks: We introduce a non-equilibrium discrete-time random walk model on multiplex\nnetworks, in which at each time step the walker first undergoes a random jump\nbetween neighboring nodes in the same layer, and then tries to hop from one\nnode to one of its replicas in another layer. We derive the so-called\nsupra-Markov matrix that governs the evolution of the occupation probability of\nthe walker. The occupation probability at stationarity is different from the\nweighted average over the counterparts on each layer, unless the transition\nprobabilities between layers vanish. However, they are approximately equal when\nthe transition probabilities between layers are very small, which is given by\nthe first-order degenerate perturbation theory. Moreover, we compute the mean\nfirst passage time (MFPT) and the graph MFPT (GrMFPT) that is the average of\nthe MFPT over all pairs of distinct nodes. Interestingly, we find that the\nGrMFPT can be smaller than that of any layer taken in isolation. The result\nembodies the advantage of global search on multiplex networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometric properties of the complete-graph Ising model in the loop\n  representation: The exact solution of the Ising model on the complete graph (CG) provides an\nimportant, though mean-field, insight for the theory of continuous phase\ntransitions. Besides the original spin, the Ising model can be formulated in\nthe Fortuin-Kasteleyn random-cluster and the loop representation, in which many\ngeometric quantities have no correspondence in the spin representations. Using\na lifted-worm irreversible algorithm, we study the CG-Ising model in the loop\nrepresentation, and, based on theoretical and numerical analyses, obtain a\nnumber of exact results including volume fractal dimensions and scaling forms.\nMoreover, by combining with the Loop-Cluster algorithm, we demonstrate how the\nloop representation can provide an intuitive understanding to the recently\nobserved rich geometric phenomena in the random-cluster representation,\nincluding the emergence of two configuration sectors, two length scales and two\nscaling windows.",
        "positive": "Influence of turbulent mixing on critical behavior of directed\n  percolation process : effect of compressibility: Universal behavior is a typical emergent feature of critical systems. A\nparamount model of the non-equilibrium critical behavior is the directed bond\npercolation process that exhibits an active- to-absorbing state phase\ntransition in the vicinity of a percolation threshold. Fluctuations of the\nambient environment might affect or destroy the universality properties\ncompletely. In this work we assume that the random environment can be described\nby means of compressible velocity fluctu- ations. Using field-theoretic models\nand renormalization group methods we investigate large-scale and long-time\nbehavior. Altogether eleven universality classes are found, out of which four\nare stable in the infrared limit and thus macroscopically accessible. In\ncontrast to the model without veloc- ity fluctuations a possible candidate for\na realistic three-dimensional case, a regime with relevant short-range noise,\nis identified. Depending on the dimensionality of space and the structure of\nthe turbulent flow we calculate critical exponents of the directed percolation\nprocess. In the limit of the purely transversal velocity field random force\ncritical exponents comply with the incompressible results obtained by previous\nauthors. We have found intriguing non-universal behavior related to the mutual\neffect of compressibility and advection."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Alternative approach to computing transport coefficients: application to\n  conductivity and Hall coefficient of hydrogenated amorphous silicon: We introduce a theoretical framework for computing transport coefficients for\ncomplex materials. As a first example, we resolve long-standing inconsistencies\nbetween experiment and theory pertaining to the conductivity and Hall mobility\nfor amorphous silicon and show that the Hall sign anomaly is a consequence of\nlocalized states. Next, we compute the AC conductivity of amorphous\npolyanaline. The formalism is applicable to complex materials involving defects\nand band-tail states originating from static topological disorder and extended\nstates. The method may be readily integrated with current \\textit{ab initio}\nmethods.",
        "positive": "Inferring metabolic fluxes in nutrient-limited continuous cultures: A\n  Maximum Entropy Approach with minimum information: We propose a new scheme to infer the metabolic fluxes of cell cultures in a\nchemostat. Our approach is based on the Maximum Entropy Principle and exploits\nthe understanding of the chemostat dynamics and its connection with the actual\nmetabolism of cells. We show that, in continuous cultures with limiting\nnutrients, the inference can be done with {\\it limited information about the\nculture}: the dilution rate of the chemostat, the concentration in the feed\nmedia of the limiting nutrient and the cell concentration at steady state.\nAlso, we remark that our technique provides information, not only about the\nmean values of the fluxes in the culture, but also its heterogeneity. We first\npresent these results studying a computational model of a chemostat. Having\ncontrol of this model we can test precisely the quality of the inference, and\nalso unveil the mechanisms behind the success of our approach. Then, we apply\nour method to E. coli experimental data from the literature and show that it\noutperforms alternative formulations that rest on a Flux Balance Analysis\nframework."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local invariants in effective hydrodynamics of trapped dilute-gas\n  Bose-Einstein condensates: In the framework of mean-field approximation the dynamics of Bose-Einstein\ncondensates can be described by the hydrodynamic-like equations. These\nequations are analyzed here with account of mutual interaction between\ncondensate and non-condensate atoms. The Lagrange invariants and freezing-in\ninvariants of such a system have been found. This allows to get some necessary\nconditions for creation of an atom laser with controlled parameters of the\nbeam. Particularly, the atom laser beam can carry quite well defined angular\nmomentum. This can be practically realized in the most simple case, when the\nvorticity of condensate appears to be a freezing-in field. The optimal\nconditions for a source mode regime are found out in the paper.",
        "positive": "Applications of Field-Theoretic Renormalization Group Methods to\n  Reaction-Diffusion Problems: We review the application of field-theoretic renormalization group (RG)\nmethods to the study of fluctuations in reaction-diffusion problems. We first\ninvestigate the physical origin of universality in these systems, before\ncomparing RG methods to other available analytic techniques, including exact\nsolutions and Smoluchowski-type approximations. Starting from the microscopic\nreaction-diffusion master equation, we then pedagogically detail the mapping to\na field theory for the single-species reaction k A -> l A (l < k). We employ\nthis particularly simple but non-trivial system to introduce the\nfield-theoretic RG tools, including the diagrammatic perturbation expansion,\nrenormalization, and Callan-Symanzik RG flow equation. We demonstrate how these\ntechniques permit the calculation of universal quantities such as density decay\nexponents and amplitudes via perturbative eps = d_c - d expansions with respect\nto the upper critical dimension d_c. With these basics established, we then\nprovide an overview of more sophisticated applications to multiple species\nreactions, disorder effects, L'evy flights, persistence problems, and the\ninfluence of spatial boundaries. We also analyze field-theoretic approaches to\nnonequilibrium phase transitions separating active from absorbing states. We\nfocus particularly on the generic directed percolation universality class, as\nwell as on the most prominent exception to this class: even-offspring branching\nand annihilating random walks. Finally, we summarize the state of the field and\npresent our perspective on outstanding problems for the future."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ultimate Fate of Constrained Voters: We determine the ultimate fate of individual opinions in a\nsocially-interacting population of leftists, centrists, and rightists. In an\nelemental interaction between agents, a centrist and a leftist can become both\ncentrists or both become leftists with equal rates (and similarly for a\ncentrist and a rightist). However leftists and rightists do not interact. This\ninteraction step between pairs of agents is applied repeatedly until the system\ncan no longer evolve. In the mean-field limit, we determine the exact\nprobability that the system reaches consensus (either leftist, rightist, or\ncentrist) or a frozen mixture of leftists and rightists as a function of the\ninitial composition of the population. We also determine the mean time until\nthe final state is reached. Some implications of our results for the ultimate\nfate in a limit of the Axelrod model are discussed.",
        "positive": "Perturbative Field-Theoretical Renormalization Group Approach to\n  Driven-Dissipative Bose-Einstein Criticality: The universal critical behavior of the driven-dissipative non-equilibrium\nBose-Einstein condensation transition is investigated employing the\nfield-theoretical renormalization group method. Such criticality may be\nrealized in broad ranges of driven open systems on the interface of quantum\noptics and many-body physics, from exciton-polariton condensates to cold atomic\ngases. The starting point is a noisy and dissipative Gross-Pitaevski equation\ncorresponding to a complex valued Landau-Ginzburg functional, which captures\nthe near critical non-equilibrium dynamics, and generalizes Model A for\nclassical relaxational dynamics with non-conserved order parameter. We confirm\nand further develop the physical picture previously established by means of a\nfunctional renormalization group study of this system. Complementing this\nearlier numerical analysis, we analytically compute the static and dynamical\ncritical exponents at the condensation transition to lowest non-trivial order\nin the dimensional epsilon expansion about the upper critical dimension d_c =\n4, and establish the emergence of a novel universal scaling exponent associated\nwith the non-equilibrium drive. We also discuss the corresponding situation for\na conserved order parameter field, i.e., (sub-)diffusive Model B with complex\ncoefficients."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Model for creep failure with healing: To understand the general properties of creep failure with healing effects,\nwe study a mean-field fiber bundle model with probabilistic rupture and\nrejoining processes. The dynamics of the model are determined by two factors:\nbond breaking and the formation of new bonds. Steady states are realized due to\nthe balance between breaking and healing beyond a critical healing factor,\nbelow which the bundle breaks completely. Correlation between the fluctuating\nvalue of strain generated in the model with time at the steady-state leads to a\ncharacteristic time that diverges in a scale-free manner as we approach the\ncritical healing factor. Transient behaviors in strain rate also involve a\npower law with a non-universal exponent.",
        "positive": "Line of continuous phase transitions in a three dimensional U(1) model\n  with 1/r^2 current-current interactions: We study a lattice model of interacting loops in three dimensions with a\n$1/r^2$ interaction. Using Monte Carlo, we find that the phase diagram contains\na line of second-order phase transitions between a phase where the loops are\ngapped and a phase where they proliferate. The correlation length exponent and\ncritical conductivity vary continuously along this line. Our model is exactly\nself-dual at a special point on the critical line, which allows us to calculate\nthe critical conductivity exactly at this point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the reorientation transition of ultra-thin Ni/Cu(001) films: The reorientation transition of the magnetization of ferromagnetic films is\nstudied on a microscopic basis within a Heisenberg spin model. Using a modified\nmean field formulation it is possible to calculate properties of magnetic thin\nfilms with non-integer thicknesses. This is especially important for the\nreorientation transition in Ni/Cu(001), as there the magnetic properties are a\nsensitive function of the film thickness. Detailed phase diagrams in the\nthickness-temperature plane are calculated using experimental parameters and\nare compared with experimental measurements by Baberschke and Farle (J. Appl.\nPhys. 81, 5038 (1997)).",
        "positive": "The exact probability distribution of saturating states in random\n  sequential adsorption: We consider the non-overlapping irreversible random sequential adsorption\n(RSA) process on one-dimensional finite line, which is known also as the car\nparking process. The probability of each coverage in saturating states is\nanalytically and exactly obtained. In the derivation, a new representation of\nstates in RSA process is introduced, which effectively works to make the\ncalculation clear and simple."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conditioning diffusion processes with respect to the local time at the\n  origin: When the unconditioned process is a diffusion process $X(t)$ of drift\n$\\mu(x)$ and of diffusion coefficient $D=1/2$, the local time $A(t)=\n\\int_{0}^{t} d\\tau \\delta(X(\\tau)) $ at the origin $x=0$ is one of the most\nimportant time-additive observable. We construct various conditioned processes\n$[X^*(t),A^*(t)]$ involving the local time $A^*(T)$ at the time horizon $T$.\nWhen the horizon $T$ is finite, we consider the conditioning towards the final\nposition $X^*(T)$ and towards the final local time $A^*(T)$, as well as the\nconditioning towards the final local time $A^*(T)$ alone without any condition\non the final position $X^*(T)$. In the limit of the infinite time horizon $T\n\\to +\\infty$, we consider the conditioning towards the finite asymptotic local\ntime $A_{\\infty}^*<+\\infty$, as well as the conditioning towards the intensive\nlocal time $a^* $ corresponding to the extensive behavior $A_T \\simeq T a^*$,\nthat can be compared with the appropriate 'canonical conditioning' based on the\ngenerating function of the local time in the regime of large deviations. This\ngeneral construction is then applied to generate various constrained stochastic\ntrajectories for three unconditioned diffusions with different\nrecurrence/transience properties : (i) the simplest example of transient\ndiffusion corresponds to the uniform strictly positive drift $\\mu(x)=\\mu>0$;\n(ii) the simplest example of diffusion converging towards an equilibrium is\ngiven by the drift $\\mu(x)=- \\mu \\, {\\rm sgn}( x)$ of parameter $\\mu>0$; (iii)\nthe simplest example of recurrent diffusion that does not converge towards an\nequilibrium is the Brownian motion without drift $\\mu=0$.",
        "positive": "Localization in the Discrete Non-Linear Schr\u00f6dinger Equation and\n  geometric properties of the microcanonical surface: It is well known that, if the initial conditions have sufficiently high\nenergy density, the dynamics of the classical Discrete Non-Linear Schr\\\"odinger\nEquation (DNLSE) on a lattice shows a form of breaking of ergodicity, with a\nfinite fraction of the total charge accumulating on a few sites and residing\nthere for times that diverge quickly in the thermodynamic limit. In this paper\nwe show that this kind of localization can be attributed to some geometric\nproperties of the microcanonical potential energy surface, and that it can be\nassociated to a phase transition in the lowest eigenvalue of the Laplacian on\nsaid surface. We also show that the approximation of considering the phase\nspace motion on the potential energy surface only, with effective decoupling of\nthe potential and kinetic partition functions, is justified in the large\nconnectivity limit, or fully connected model. In this model we further observe\na synchronization transition, with a synchronized phase at low temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Patterned and Disordered Continuous Abelian Sandpile Model: We study critical properties of the continuous Abelian sandpile model with\nanisotropies in toppling rules that produce ordered patterns on it. Also we\nconsider the continuous directed sandpile model perturbed by a weak quenched\nrandomness and study critical behavior of the model using perturbative\nconformal field theory and show the model has a new random fixed point.",
        "positive": "Multiple singularities of the equilibrium free energy in a\n  one-dimensional model of soft rods: There is a misconception, widely shared amongst physicists, that the\nequilibrium free energy of a one-dimensional classical model with strictly\nfinite-ranged interactions, and at non-zero temperatures, can not show any\nsingularities as a function of the coupling constants. In this Letter, we\ndiscuss an instructive counter-example. We consider thin rigid linear rods of\nequal length $2 \\ell$ whose centers lie on a one-dimensional lattice, of\nlattice spacing $a$. The interaction between rods is a soft-core interaction,\nhaving a finite energy $U$ per overlap of rods. We show that the equilibrium\nfree energy per rod $\\mathcal{F}(\\tfrac{\\ell}{a}, \\beta)$, at inverse\ntemperature $\\beta$, has an infinite number of singularities, as a function of\n$\\tfrac{\\ell}{a}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Criticality in Cell Adhesion: We illuminate the many-body effects underlying the structure, formation, and\ndissolution of cellular adhesion domains in the presence and absence of forces.\nWe consider mixed Glauber-Kawasaki dynamics of a two-dimensional model of\nnearest-neighbor interacting adhesion bonds with intrinsic binding-affinity\nunder the action of a shared pulling or pushing force. We consider adhesion\nbonds that are immobile due to being anchored to the underlying cytoskeleton as\nwell as adhesion molecules that are transiently diffusing. Highly accurate\nanalytical results are obtained on the pair-correlation level of the\nBethe-Guggenheim approximation for the complete thermodynamics and kinetics of\nadhesion clusters of any size, including the thermodynamic limit. A new kind of\ndynamical phase transition is uncovered -- the mean formation and dissolution\ntimes per adhesion bond change discontinuously with respect to the\nbond-coupling parameter. At the respective critical points cluster formation\nand dissolution are fastest, while the statistically dominant transition path\nundergoes a qualitative change -- the entropic barrier to complete\nbinding/unbinding is rate-limiting below, and the phase transition between\ndense and dilute phases above the dynamical critical point. In the context of\nthe Ising model the dynamical phase transition reflects a first-order\ndiscontinuity in the magnetization-reversal time. Our results provide a\npotential explanation for the mechanical regulation of cell adhesion, and\nsuggest that the quasi-static and kinetic response to changes in the membrane\nstiffness or applied forces is largest near the statical and dynamical critical\npoint, respectively.",
        "positive": "Crossover of Critical Casimir forces between different surface\n  universality classes: In confined systems near a continuous phase transition the long-ranged\nfluctuations of the corresponding order parameter are subject to boundary\nconditions. These constraints result in so-called critical Casimir forces\nacting as effective forces on the confining surfaces. For systems belonging to\nthe Ising bulk universality class corresponding to a scalar order parameter the\ncritical Casimir force is studied for the film geometry in the crossover regime\ncharacterized by different surface fields at the two surfaces. The scaling\nfunction of the critical Casimir force is calculated within mean field theory.\nWithin our approach, the scaling functions of the critical Casimir force and of\nthe order parameter profile for finite surface fields can be mapped by\nrescaling, except for a narrow crossover regime, onto the corresponding scaling\nfunction of the so-called normal fixed point of strong surface fields. In the\ncrossover regime, the critical Casimir force as function of temperature\nexhibits more than one extremum and for certain ranges of surface field\nstrengths it changes sign twice upon varying temperature. Monte Carlo\nsimulation data obtained for a three-dimensional Ising film show similar\ntrends. The sign of the critical Casimir force can be inferred from the\ncomparison of the order parameter profiles in the film and in the semi-infinite\ngeometry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractality of Drop Breakup in Air-blast Nozzle Atomization Process: The multifractal nature of drop breakup in air-blast nozzle atomization\nprocess has been studied. We apply the multiplier method to extract the\nnegative and the positive parts of the f(alpha) curve with the data of drop\nsize distribution measured using Dual PDA. A random multifractal model with the\nmultiplier triangularly distributed is proposed to characterize the breakup of\ndrops. The agreement of the left part of the multifractal spectra between the\nexperimental result and the model is remarkable. The cause of the distinction\nof the right part of the f(alpha) curve is argued. The fact that negative\ndimensions arise in the current system means that the spatial distribution of\nthe drops yielded by the high-speed jet fluctuates from sample to sample. On\nother words, the spatial concentration distribution of the disperse phase in\nthe spray zone fluctuates momentarily showing intrinsic randomness.",
        "positive": "Real-time Monte-Carlo simulations for dissipative tight-binding systems\n  and time local master equations: The numerically exact path integral Monte Carlo approach for the real-time\nevolution of dissipative quantum systems (PIMC), particularly suited for\nsystems with discrete configuration space (tight-binding systems), is extended\nto treat spatially continuous and correlated many-body systems. This way, one\nhas to consider generalized tight-binding lattices with either non-equidistant\nspacing or in higher dimensions, which in turn allows to analyze to what extent\nMarkovian master equations can be applied beyond the usually studied spin-boson\ntype of models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A percolation model for slow dynamics in glass-forming materials: We identify a link between the glass transition and percolation of mobile\nregions in configuration space. We find that many hallmarks of glassy dynamics,\nfor example stretched-exponential response functions and a diverging structural\nrelaxation time, are consequences of the critical properties of mean-field\npercolation. Specific predictions of the percolation model include the range of\npossible stretching exponents $1/3 \\leq \\beta \\leq 1$ and the functional\ndependence of the structural relaxation time $\\tau_\\alpha$ and exponent $\\beta$\non temperature, density, and wave number.",
        "positive": "Mean-field behavior as a result of noisy local dynamics in\n  self-organized criticality: Neuroscience implications: Motivated by recent experiments in neuroscience which indicate that neuronal\navalanches exhibit scale invariant behavior similar to self-organized critical\nsystems, we study the role of noisy (non-conservative) local dynamics on the\ncritical behavior of a sandpile model which can be taken to mimic the dynamics\nof neuronal avalanches. We find that despite the fact that noise breaks the\nstrict local conservation required to attain criticality, our system exhibit\ntrue criticality for a wide range of noise in various dimensions, given that\nconservation is respected \\textit{on the average}. Although the system remains\ncritical, exhibiting finite-size scaling, the value of critical exponents\nchange depending on the intensity of local noise. Interestingly, for\nsufficiently strong noise level, the critical exponents approach and saturate\nat their mean-field values, consistent with empirical measurements of neuronal\navalanches. This is confirmed for both two and three dimensional models.\nHowever, addition of noise does not affect the exponents at the upper critical\ndimension ($D=4$). In addition to extensive finite-size scaling analysis of our\nsystems, we also employ a useful time-series analysis method in order to\nestablish true criticality of noisy systems. Finally, we discuss the\nimplications of our work in neuroscience as well as some implications for\ngeneral phenomena of criticality in non-equilibrium systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Symmetries of generating functionals of Langevin processes with colored\n  multiplicative noise: We present a comprehensive study of the symmetries of the generating\nfunctionals of generic Langevin processes with multiplicative colored noise. We\ntreat both Martin-Siggia-Rose-Janssen-deDominicis and supersymmetric\nformalisms. We summarize the relations between observables that they imply\nincluding fluctuation relations, fluctuation-dissipation theorems, and\nSchwinger-Dyson equations. Newtonian dynamics and their invariances follow in\nthe vanishing friction limit.",
        "positive": "Equilibration and thermalization in finite quantum systems: Experiments with trapped atomic gases have opened novel possibilities for\nstudying the evolution of nonequilibrium finite quantum systems, which revived\nthe necessity of reconsidering and developing the theory of such processes.\nThis review analyzes the basic approaches to describing the phenomena of\nequilibration, thermalization, and decoherence in finite quantum systems.\nIsolated, nonisolated, and quasi-isolated quantum systems are considered. The\nrelations between equilibration, decoherence, and the existence of time arrow\nare emphasized. The possibility for the occurrence of rare events, preventing\ncomplete equilibration, are mentioned."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Flowing sand - a physical realization of Directed Percolation: We introduce and investigate a simple model to describe recent experiments by\nDouady and Daerr on flowing sand. The model reproduces experimentally observed\ncompact avalanches, whose opening angle decreases linearly as a threshold is\napproached. On large scales the model exhibits a crossover from compact\ndirected percolation to directed percolation; we predict similar behavior for\nthe experimental system. We estimate the regime where \"true\" directed\npercolation morphology and exponents will be observed, providing the first\nexperimental realization for this class of models.",
        "positive": "Quasicanonical Gibbs distribution and Tsallis nonextensive statistics: We derive and study quasicanonical Gibbs distribution function which is\ncharacterized by the thermostat with finite number of particles\n(quasithermostat). We show that this naturally leads to Tsallis nonextensive\nstatistics and thermodynamics, with Tsallis parameter q is found to be related\nto the number of particles in the quasithermostat. We show that the chi-square\ndistribution of fluctuating temperature used recently by Beck can be partially\nunderstood in terms of normal random momenta of particles in the\nquasithermostat. Also, we discuss on the importance of the time scale hierarchy\nand fluctuating probability distribution functions in understanding of Tsallis\ndistribution, within the framework of kinetics of dilute gas and weakly\ninhomogeneous systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transmission of Information between Complex Networks: 1/f-Resonance: We study the transport of information between two complex networks with\nsimilar properties. Both networks generate non-Poisson renewal fluctuations\nwith a power-law spectrum 1/f^(3-\\mu), the case \\mu= 2 corresponding to ideal\n1/f-noise. We denote by \\mu_S and \\mu_P the power-law indexes of the network\n\"system\" of interest S and the perturbing network P respectively. By adopting a\ngeneralized fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) we show that the ideal\ncondition of 1/f-noise for both networks corresponds to maximal information\ntransport. We prove that to make the network S respond when \\mu_S < 2 we have\nto set the condition \\mu_P < 2. In the latter case, if \\mu_P < \\mu_S, the\nsystem S inherits the relaxation properties of the perturbing network. In the\ncase where \\mu_P > 2, no response and no information transmission occurs in the\nlong-time limit. We consider two possible generalizations of the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem and show that both lead to maximal information\ntransport in the condition of 1/f-noise.",
        "positive": "Condensation and equilibration in an urn model: After reviewing the general scaling properties of aging systems, we present a\nnumerical study of the slow evolution induced in the zeta urn model by a quench\nfrom a high temperature to a lower one where a condensed equilibrium phase\nexists. By considering both one-time and two-time quantities we show that the\nfeatures of the model fit into the general framework of aging systems. In\nparticular, its behavior can be interpreted in terms of the simultaneous\nexistence of equilibrated and aging degrees with different scaling properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extended quasi-additivity of Tsallis entropies: We consider statistically independent non-identical subsystems with different\nentropic indices q1 and q2. A relation between q1, q2 and q' (for the entire\nsystem) extends a power law for entropic index as a function of distance r. A\nfew examples illustrate a role of the proposed constraint q' < min(q1, q2) for\nthe Beck's concept of quasi-additivity.",
        "positive": "Crossover critical behavior in the three-dimensional Ising model: The character of critical behavior in physical systems depends on the range\nof interactions. In the limit of infinite range of the interactions, systems\nwill exhibit mean-field critical behavior, i.e., critical behavior not affected\nby fluctuations of the order parameter. If the interaction range is finite, the\ncritical behavior asymptotically close to the critical point is determined by\nfluctuations and the actual critical behavior depends on the particular\nuniversality class. A variety of systems, including fluids and anisotropic\nferromagnets, belongs to the three-dimensional Ising universality class. Recent\nnumerical studies of Ising models with different interaction ranges have\nrevealed a spectacular crossover between the asymptotic fluctuation-induced\ncritical behavior and mean-field-type critical behavior. In this work, we\ncompare these numerical results with a crossover Landau model based on\nrenormalization-group matching. For this purpose we consider an application of\nthe crossover Landau model to the three-dimensional Ising model without fitting\nto any adjustable parameters. The crossover behavior of the critical\nsusceptibility and of the order parameter is analyzed over a broad range (ten\norders) of the scaled distance to the critical temperature. The dependence of\nthe coupling constant on the interaction range, governing the crossover\ncritical behavior, is discussed"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behaviour of the Ising S=1/2 and S=1 model on (3,4,6,4) and\n  (3,3,3,3,6) Archimedean lattices: We investigate the critical properties of the Ising S=1/2 and S=1 model on\n(3,4,6,4) and (3,3,3,3,6) Archimedean lattices. The system is studied through\nthe extensive Monte Carlo simulations. We calculate the critical temperature as\nwell as the critical point exponents gamma/nu, beta/nu and nu basing on finite\nsize scaling analysis. The calculated values of the critical temperature for\nS=1 are k_BT_C/J=1.590(3) and k_BT_C/J=2.100(4) for (3,4,6,4) and (3,3,3,3,6)\nArchimedean lattices, respectively. The critical exponents beta/nu, gamma/nu\nand 1/nu for S=1 are beta/nu=0.180(20), gamma/nu=1.46(8) and 1/nu=0.83(5) for\n(3,4,6,4) and 0.103(8), 1.44(8) and 0.94(5) for (3,3,3,3,6) Archimedean\nlattices. Obtained results differ from the Ising S=1/2 model on (3,4,6,4),\n(3,3,3,3,6) and square lattice. The evaluated effective dimensionality of the\nsystem for S=1 are D_{eff}=1.82(4) for (3,4,6,4) and D_{eff}=1.64(5) for\n(3,3,3,3,6).",
        "positive": "First order phase transitions in classical lattice gas spin models: The present paper considers some classical ferromagnetic lattice--gas models,\nconsisting of particles that carry $n$--component spins ($n=2,3$) and\nassociated with a $D$--dimensional lattice ($D=2,3$); each site can host one\nparticle at most, thus implicitly allowing for hard--core repulsion; the pair\ninteraction, restricted to nearest neighbors, is ferromagnetic, and site\noccupation is also controlled by the chemical potential $\\mu$. The models had\npreviously been investigated by Mean Field and Two--Site Cluster treatments\n(when D=3), as well as Grand--Canonical Monte Carlo simulation in the case\n$\\mu=0$, for both D=2 and D=3; the obtained results showed the same kind of\ncritical behaviour as the one known for their saturated lattice counterparts,\ncorresponding to one particle per site. Here we addressed by Grand--Canonical\nMonte Carlo simulation the case where the chemical potential is negative and\nsufficiently large in magnitude; the value $\\mu=-D/2$ was chosen for each of\nthe four previously investigated counterparts, together with $\\mu=-3D/4$ in an\nadditional instance. We mostly found evidence of first order transitions, both\nfor D=2 and D=3, and quantitatively characterized their behaviour. Comparisons\nare also made with recent experimental results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional diffusion equation description of an open anomalous heat\n  conduction set-up: We provide a stochastic fractional diffusion equation description of energy\ntransport through a finite one-dimensional chain of harmonic oscillators with\nstochastic momentum exchange and connected to Langevian type heat baths at the\nboundaries. By establishing an unambiguous finite domain representation of the\nassociated fractional operator, we show that this equation can correctly\nreproduce equilibrium properties like Green-Kubo formula as well as\nnon-equilibrium properties like the steady state temperature and current. In\naddition, this equation provides the exact time evolution of the temperature\nprofile. Taking insights from the diffusive system and from numerical\nsimulations, we pose a conjecture that these long-range correlations in the\nsteady state are given by the inverse of the fractional operator. We also point\nout some interesting properties of the spectrum of the fractional operator. All\nour analytical results are supplemented with extensive numerical simulations of\nthe microscopic system.",
        "positive": "Front propagation in A$\\to$2A, A$\\to$3A process in 1d: velocity,\n  diffusion and velocity correlations: We study front propagation in the reaction diffusion process\n$\\{A\\stackrel{\\epsilon}\\to2A, A\\stackrel {\\epsilon_t}\\to3A\\}$ on a one\ndimensional (1d) lattice with hard core interaction between the particles.\nUsing the leading particle picture, velocity of the front in the system is\ncomputed using different approximate methods, which is in good agreement with\nthe simulation results. It is observed that in certain ranges of parameters,\nthe front velocity varies as a power law of $\\epsilon_t$, which is well\ncaptured by our approximate schemes. We also observe that the front dynamics\nexhibits temporal velocity correlations and these must be taken care of in\norder to find the exact estimates for the front diffusion coefficient. This\ncorrelation changes sign depending upon the sign of $\\epsilon_t-D$, where $D$\nis the bare diffusion coefficient of $A$ particles. For $\\epsilon_t=D$, the\nleading particle and thus the front moves like an uncorrelated random walker,\nwhich is explained through an exact analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tricritical Points in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Model in the Presence\n  of Discrete Random Fields: The infinite-range-interaction Ising spin glass is considered in the presence\nof an external random magnetic field following a trimodal (three-peak)\ndistribution. The model is studied through the replica method and phase\ndiagrams are obtained within the replica-symmetry approximation. It is shown\nthat the border of the ferromagnetic phase may present first-order phase\ntransitions, as well as tricritical points at finite temperatures. Analogous to\nwhat happens for the Ising ferromagnet under a trimodal random field, it is\nverified that the first-order phase transitions are directly related to the\ndilution in the fields (represented by $p_{0}$). The ferromagnetic boundary at\nzero temperature also exhibits an interesting behavior: for $0<p_{0}<p_{0}^{*}\n\\approx 0.30856$, a single tricritical point occurs, whereas if\n$p_{0}>p_{0}^{*}$ the critical frontier is completely continuous; however, for\n$p_{0}=p_{0}^{*}$, a fourth-order critical point appears. The stability\nanalysis of the replica-symmetric solution is performed and the regions of\nvalidity of such a solution are identified; in particular, the Almeida-Thouless\nline in the plane field versus temperature is shown to depend on the weight\n$p_{0}$.",
        "positive": "Ising ferromagnets and antiferromagnets in an imaginary magnetic field: We study classical Ising spin-$\\frac{1}{2}$ models on the 2D square lattice\nwith ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interactions, under\nthe effect of a pure imaginary magnetic field. The complex Boltzmann weights of\nspin configurations cannot be interpreted as a probability distribution which\nprevents from application of standard statistical algorithms. In this work, the\nmapping of the Ising spin models under consideration onto symmetric vertex\nmodels leads to real (positive or negative) Boltzmann weights. This enables us\nto apply accurate numerical methods based on the renormalization of the density\nmatrix, namely the corner transfer matrix renormalization group and the\nhigher-order tensor renormalization group. For the 2D antiferromagnet, varying\nthe imaginary magnetic field we calculate with a high accuracy the curve of\ncritical points related to the symmetry breaking of magnetizations on the\ninterwoven sublattices. The critical exponent $\\beta$ and the anomaly number\n$c$ are shown to be constant along the critical line, equal to their values\n$\\beta=\\frac{1}{8}$ and $c=\\frac{1}{2}$ for the 2D Ising in a zero magnetic\nfield. The 2D ferromagnets behave in analogy with their 1D counterparts defined\non a chain of sites, namely there exists a transient temperature which splits\nthe temperature range into its high-temperature and low-temperature parts. The\nfree energy and the magnetization are well defined in the high-temperature\nregion. In the low-temperature region, the free energy exhibits singularities\nat the Yang-Lee zeros of the partition function and the magnetization is also\nill-defined: it varies chaotically with the size of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reduction formula of form factors for the integrable spin-s XXZ chains\n  and application to the correlation functions: For the integrable spin-s XXZ chain we express explicitly any given spin-$s$\nform factor in terms of a sum over the scalar products of the spin-1/2\noperators. Here they are given by the operator-valued matrix elements of the\nmonodromy matrix of the spin-1/2 XXZ spin chain. In the paper we call an\narbitrary matrix element of a local operator between two Bethe eigenstates a\nform factor of the operator. We derive all important formulas of the fusion\nmethod in detail. We thus revise the derivation of the higher-spin XXZ form\nfactors given in a previous paper. The revised method has several interesting\napplications in mathematical physics. For instance, we express the spin-$s$ XXZ\ncorrelation function of an arbitrary entry at zero temperature in terms of a\nsum of multiple integrals.",
        "positive": "Influence of global correlations on central limit theorems and entropic\n  extensivity: We consider probabilistic models of N identical distinguishable, binary\nrandom variables. If these variables are strictly or asymptotically\nindependent, then, for N>>1, (i) the attractor in distribution space is,\naccording to the standard central limit theorem, a Gaussian, and (ii) the\nBoltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon entropy is extensive, meaning that S_BGS(N) ~ N . If\nthese variables have any nonvanishing global (i.e., not asymptotically\nindependent) correlations, then the attractor deviates from the Gaussian. The\nentropy appears to be more robust, in the sense that, in some cases, S_BGS\nremains extensive even in the presence of strong global correlations. In other\ncases, however, even weak global correlations make the entropy deviate from the\nnormal behavior. More precisely, in such cases the entropic form Sq can become\nextensive for some value of q different from unity . This scenario is\nillustrated with several new as well as previously described models. The\ndiscussion illuminates recent progress into q-describable nonextensive\nprobabilistic systems, and the conjectured q-Central Limit Theorem (q-CLT)\nwhich posses a q-Gaussian attractor."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Phase Transitions in the Ising model in spatially modulated\n  field: The phase transitions in the transverse field Ising model in a competing\nspatially modulated (periodic and oscillatory) longitudinal field are studied\nnumerically. There is a multiphase point in absence of the transverse field\nwhere the degeneracy for a longitudinal field of wavelength $\\lambda$ is\n$(\\frac {1 + \\sqrt{5}}{2})^{2N/\\lambda}$ for a system with $N$ spins, an exact\nresult obtained from the known result for $\\lambda =2$. The phase transitions\nin the $\\Gamma $ (transverse field) versus $h_0$ (amplitude of the longitudinal\nfield) phase diagram are obtained from the vanishing of the mass gap $\\Delta$.\nWe find that for all the phase transition points obtained in this way, $\\Delta\n$ shows finite size scaling behaviour signifying a continuous phase transition\neverywhere. The values of the critical exponents show that the model belongs to\nthe universality class of the two dimensional Ising model. The longitudinal\nfield is found to have the same scaling behaviour as that of the transverse\nfield, which seems to be a unique feature for the competing field. The phase\nboundaries for two different wavelengths of the modulated field are obtained.\nClose to the multiphase point at $h_c$, the phase boundary behaves as $(h_c -\nh_0)^b$, where $b$ is also $\\lambda$ dependent.",
        "positive": "A toy model of faith-based systems evolution: A simple agent-based model (ABM) of the evolution of faith-based systems\n(FBS) in human social networks is presented. In the model, each agent\nsubscribes to a single FBS, and may be converted to share a different agent's\nFBS during social interactions. FBSs and agents each possess heritable\nquantitative traits that affect the probability of transmission of FBSs. The\ninfluence of social network conditions on the intermediate and final\nmacroscopic states is examined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Direct measurement of spatial modes of a micro-cantilever from thermal\n  noise: Measurements of the deflection induced by thermal noise have been performed\non a rectangular atomic force microscope cantilever in air. The detection\nmethod, based on polarization interferometry, can achieve a resolution of 1E-14\nm/rtHz in the frequency range 1 kHz ? 800 kHz. The focused beam from the\ninterferometer probes the cantilever at different positions along its length\nand the spatial modes' shapes are determined up to the fourth resonance,\nwithout external excitation. Results are in good agreement with theoretically\nexpected behavior. From this analysis accurate determination of the elastic\nconstant of the cantilever is also achieved.",
        "positive": "Particle interactions mediated by dynamical networks: assessment of\n  macroscopic descriptions: We provide a numerical study of the macroscopic model of [3] derived from an\nagent-based model for a system of particles interacting through a dynamical\nnetwork of links. Assuming that the network remodelling process is very fast,\nthe macroscopic model takes the form of a single aggregation diffusion equation\nfor the density of particles. The theoretical study of the macroscopic model\ngives precise criteria for the phase transitions of the steady states, and in\nthe 1-dimensional case, we show numerically that the stationary solutions of\nthe microscopic model undergo the same phase transitions and bifurcation types\nas the macroscopic model. In the 2-dimensional case, we show that the numerical\nsimulations of the macroscopic model are in excellent agreement with the\npredicted theoretical values. This study provides a partial validation of the\nformal derivation of the macroscopic model from a microscopic formulation and\nshows that the former is a consistent approximation of an underlying particle\ndynamics, making it a powerful tool for the modelling of dynamical networks at\na large scale."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-organization of value and demand: We study the dynamics of exchange value in a system composed of many\ninteracting agents. The simple model we propose exhibits cooperative emergence\nand collapse of global value for individual goods. We demonstrate that the\ndemand that drives the value exhibits non Gaussian \"fat tails\" and typical\nfluctuations which grow with time interval with a Hurst exponent of 0.7.",
        "positive": "Power Law Distribution of the Frequency of Demises of U.S Firms: Both theoretical and applied economics have a great deal to say about many\naspects of the firm, but the literature on the extinctions, or demises, of\nfirms is very sparse. We use a publicly available data base covering some 6\nmillion firms in the US and show that the underlying statistical distribution\nwhich characterises the frequency of firm demises - the disappearances of firms\nas autonomous entities - is closely approximated by a power law. The exponent\nof the power law is, intriguingly, close to that reported in the literature on\nthe extinction of biological species."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transition in Potts Model with Invisible States: We study phase transition in the ferromagnetic Potts model with invisible\nstates that are added as redundant states by mean-field calculation and Monte\nCarlo simulation. Invisible states affect the entropy and the free energy,\nalthough they do not contribute to the internal energy. The internal energy and\nthe number of degenerated ground states do not change, if invisible states are\nintroduced into the standard Potts model. A second-order phase transition takes\nplace at finite temperature in the standard $q$-state ferromagnetic Potts model\non two-dimensional lattice for $q=2,3$, and 4. However, our present model on\ntwo-dimensional lattice undergoes a first-order phase transition with\nspontaneous $q$-fold symmetry breaking ($q=2,3$, and 4) due to entropy effect\nof invisible states. We believe that our present model is a fundamental model\nfor analysis of a first-order phase transition with spontaneous discrete\nsymmetry breaking.",
        "positive": "Metric characterization of cluster dynamics on the Sierpinski gasket: We develop and implement an algorithm for the quantitative characterization\nof cluster dynamics occurring on cellular automata defined on an arbitrary\nstructure. As a prototype for such systems we focus on the Ising model on a\nfinite Sierpsinski Gasket, which is known to possess a complex thermodynamic\nbehavior. Our algorithm requires the projection of evolving configurations into\nan appropriate partition space, where an information-based metrics (Rohlin\ndistance) can be naturally defined and worked out in order to detect the\nchanging and the stable components of clusters. The analysis highlights the\nexistence of different temperature regimes according to the size and the rate\nof change of clusters. Such regimes are, in turn, related to the correlation\nlength and the emerging \"critical\" fluctuations, in agreement with previous\nthermodynamic analysis, hence providing a non-trivial geometric description of\nthe peculiar critical-like behavior exhibited by the system. Moreover, at high\ntemperatures, we highlight the existence of different time scales controlling\nthe evolution towards chaos."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Application of the first-passage time method to tribological problems: The time until the failure of some node of the system or until the end of\nsome stage of the operation of the tribological system is associated with the\nchange in entropy in the system that occurs during this time. Methods of the\nfirst-passage time by a random process of some given level are used. We assume\nthat the first-passage time is equal to the time to failure. A statistical\ndistribution containing the first-passage time is introduced. The thermodynamic\nparameter associated with the random variable of the first-passage time is\nexpressed in terms of the change in entropy. This parameter is also included in\nthe expression for the time to failure. This approach allows arbitrary reasons\nfor failures to be included in the consideration. The possibilities of the\nproposed approach are discussed.",
        "positive": "Derivation and Empirical Validation of a Refined Traffic Flow Model: The gas-kinetic foundation of fluid-dynamic traffic equations suggested in\nprevious papers [Physica A 219, 375 and 391 (1995)] is further refined by\napplying the theory of dense gases and granular materials to the Boltzmann-like\ntraffic model by Paveri-Fontana. It is shown that, despite the\nphenomenologically similar behavior of ordinary and granular fluids, the\nrelations for these cannot directly be transferred to vehicular traffic. The\ndissipative and anisotropic interactions of vehicles as well as their\nvelocity-dependent space requirements lead to a considerably different\nstructure of the macroscopic traffic equations, also in comparison with the\npreviously suggested traffic flow models. As a consequence, the instability\nmechanisms of emergent density waves are different. Crucial assumptions are\nvalidated by empirical traffic data and essential results are illustrated by\nfigures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Community structure in social and biological networks: A number of recent studies have focused on the statistical properties of\nnetworked systems such as social networks and the World-Wide Web. Researchers\nhave concentrated particularly on a few properties which seem to be common to\nmany networks: the small-world property, power-law degree distributions, and\nnetwork transitivity. In this paper, we highlight another property which is\nfound in many networks, the property of community structure, in which network\nnodes are joined together in tightly-knit groups between which there are only\nlooser connections. We propose a new method for detecting such communities,\nbuilt around the idea of using centrality indices to find community boundaries.\nWe test our method on computer generated and real-world graphs whose community\nstructure is already known, and find that it detects this known structure with\nhigh sensitivity and reliability. We also apply the method to two networks\nwhose community structure is not well-known - a collaboration network and a\nfood web - and find that it detects significant and informative community\ndivisions in both cases.",
        "positive": "Large deviations in the presence of cooperativity and slow dynamics: We study simple models of intermittency, involving switching between two\nstates, within the dynamical large-deviation formalism. Singularities appear in\nthe formalism when switching is cooperative, or when its basic timescale\ndiverges. In the first case the unbiased trajectory distribution undergoes a\nsymmetry breaking, leading to a change of shape of the large-deviation rate\nfunction for a particular dynamical observable. In the second case the symmetry\nof the unbiased trajectory distribution remains unbroken. Comparison of these\nmodels suggests that singularities of the dynamical large-deviation formalism\ncan signal the dynamical equivalent of an equilibrium phase transition, but do\nnot necessarily do so."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bethe ansatz and current distribution for the TASEP with\n  particle-dependent hopping rates: Using the Bethe ansatz we obtain in a determinant form the exact solution of\nthe master equation for the conditional probabilities of the totally asymmetric\nexclusion process with particle-dependent hopping rates on Z. From this we\nderive a determinant expression for the time-integrated current for a\nstep-function initial state.",
        "positive": "Transverse Fluctuations in the Driven Lattice Gas: We define a transverse correlation length suitable to discuss the\nfinite-size-scaling behavior of an out-of-equilibrium lattice gas, whose\ncorrelation functions decay algebraically with the distance. By numerical\nsimulations we verify that this definition has a good infinite-volume limit\nindependent of the lattice geometry. We study the transverse fluctuations as\nthey can select the correct field-theoretical description. By means of a\ncareful finite-size scaling analysis, without tunable parameters, we show that\nthey are Gaussian, in agreement with the predictions of the model proposed by\nJanssen, Schmittmann, Leung, and Cardy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Mechanics of Time Independent Non-Dissipative Nonequilibrium\n  States: We examine the question of whether the formal expressions of equilibrium\nstatistical mechanics can be applied to time independent non-dissipative\nsystems that are not in true thermodynamic equilibrium and are nonergodic. By\nassuming the phase space may be divided into time independent, locally ergodic\ndomains, we argue that within such domains the relative probabilities of\nmicrostates are given by the standard Boltzmann weights. In contrast to\nprevious energy landscape treatments, that have been developed specifically for\nthe glass transition, we do not impose an a priori knowledge of the\ninter-domain population distribution. Assuming that these domains are robust\nwith respect to small changes in thermodynamic state variables we derive a\nvariety of fluctuation formulae for these systems. We verify our theoretical\nresults using molecular dynamics simulations on a model glass forming system.\nNon-equilibrium Transient Fluctuation Relations are derived for the\nfluctuations resulting from a sudden finite change to the system's temperature\nor pressure and these are shown to be consistent with the simulation results.\nThe necessary and sufficient conditions for these relations to be valid are\nthat the domains are internally populated by Boltzmann statistics and that the\ndomains are robust. The Transient Fluctuation Relations thus provide an\nindependent quantitative justification for the assumptions used in our\nstatistical mechanical treatment of these systems.",
        "positive": "Dissipation, Generalized Free Energy, and a Self-consistent\n  Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Chemically Driven Open Subsystems: Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of a system situated in a sustained environment\nwith influx and efflux is usually treated as a subsystem in a larger, closed\n\"universe\". It remains a question what the minimally required description for\nthe surrounding of such an open driven system is, so that its nonequilibrium\nthermodynamics can be established solely based on the internal stochastic\nkinetics. We provide a solution to this problem using insights from studies of\nmolecular motors in a chemical nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) with\nsustained external drive through a regenerating system, or in a quasi-steady\nstate (QSS) with an excess amount of ATP, ADP, and Pi. We introduce the key\nnotion of {\\em minimal work} that is needed, $W_{min}$, for the external\nregenerating system to sustain a NESS ({\\em e.g.}, maintaining constant\nconcentrations of ATP, ADP and Pi for a molecular motor). Using a Markov\n(master-equation) description of a motor protein, we illustrate that the NESS\nand QSS have identical kinetics as well as the Second Law in terms of a same\npositive entropy production rate. The difference between the heat dissipation\nof a NESS and its corresponding QSS is exactly the $W_{min}$. This provides a\njustification for introducing an {\\em ideal external regenerating system} and\nyields a {\\em free energy balance equation} between the net free energy input\n$F_{in}$ and total dissipation $F_{dis}$ in an NESS: $F_{in}$ consists of\nchemical input minus mechanical output; $F_{dis}$ consists of dissipative heat;\nand the amount of useful energy becoming heat is the NESS entropy production.\nFurthermore, we show that for non-stationary systems, the $F_{dis}$ and\n$F_{in}$ correspond to the entropy production rate and housekeeping heat in\nstochastic thermodynamics, and identify a relative entropy $H$ as a generalized\nfree energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Description of Glass Transition kinetics in 3D XY-model in terms of\n  Gauge Field Theory: We consider a gauge theory of the glass transition in the frustrated XY model\nbeing simplest model containing topologically nontrivial excitations. We\ndescribe the transition kinetics and find that the three-dimensional system\nexhibits the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman criticality heralding its freezing into a\nspin glass. We analytically show that the system demonstrates all glass\ntransition properties, like the logarithmic relaxation, and corresponding\nbehavior of linear and non-linear susceptibility. The mode-coupling theory\nequation in the Zwanziger-Mori representation also is derived in framework of\nour approach. Our findings provide insights into the topological origin of\nglass formation, that allows to make progress in understanding glass-transition\nprocesses in more intricate systems.",
        "positive": "Exactly solved mixed spin-(1,1/2) Ising-Heisenberg distorted diamond\n  chain: The mixed spin-(1,1/2) Ising-Heisenberg model on a distorted diamond chain\nwith the spin-1 nodal atoms and the spin-1/2 interstitial atoms is exactly\nsolved by the transfer-matrix method. An influence of the geometric spin\nfrustration and the parallelogram distortion on the ground state,\nmagnetization, susceptibility and specific heat of the mixed-spin\nIsing-Heisenberg distorted diamond chain are investigated in detail. It is\ndemonstrated that the zero-temperature magnetization curve may involve\nintermediate plateaus just at zero and one-half of the saturation\nmagnetization. The temperature dependence of the specific heat may have up to\nthree distinct peaks at zero magnetic field and up to four distinct peaks at a\nnon-zero magnetic field. The origin of multipeak thermal behavior of the\nspecific heat is comprehensively studied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size scaling in globally coupled phase oscillators with a general\n  coupling scheme: We investigate a critical exponent related to synchronization transition in\nglobally coupled nonidentical phase oscillators. The critical exponents of\nsusceptibility, correlation time, and correlation size are significant\nquantities to characterize fluctuations in coupled oscillator systems of large\nbut finite size and understand a universal property of synchronization. These\nexponents have been identified for the sinusoidal coupling but not fully\nstudied for other coupling schemes. Herein, for a general coupling function\nincluding a negative second harmonic term in addition to the sinusoidal term,\nwe numerically estimate the critical exponent of the correlation size, denoted\nby $\\nu_+$, in a synchronized regime of the system by employing a\nnon-conventional statistical quantity. First, we confirm that the estimated\nvalue of $\\nu_+$ is approximately 5/2 for the sinusoidal coupling case, which\nis consistent with the well-known theoretical result. Second, we show that the\nvalue of $\\nu_+$ increases with an increase in the strength of the second\nharmonic term. Our result implies that the critical exponent characterizing\nsynchronization transition largely depends on the coupling function.",
        "positive": "Subdynamics of fluctuations in an equilibrium classical many-particle\n  system and generalized linear Boltzmann and Landau equations: New exact completely closed homogeneous Generalized Master Equations (GMEs),\ngoverning the evolution in time of equilibrium two-time correlation functions\nfor dynamic variables of a subsystem of s particles (s<N) selected from N>>1\nparticles of a classical many-body system, are obtained These time-convolution\nand time-convolutionless GMEs differ from the known GMEs (e.g. Nakajima-Zwanzig\nGME) by absence of inhomogeneous terms containing correlations between all N\nparticles at the initial moment of time and preventing the closed description\nof s-particles subsystem evolution. Closed homogeneous GMEs describing the\nsubdynamics of fluctuations are obtained by applying a special projection\noperator to the Liouville equation governing the dynamics of N-particle system.\nIn the linear approximation in the particles' density, the linear Generalized\nBoltzmann equation accounting for initial correlations and valid at all\ntimescales is obtained This equation for a weak inter-particle interaction\nconverts into the generalized linear Landau equation in which the initial\ncorrelations are also accounted for. Connection of these equations to the\nnonlinear Boltzmann and Landau equations are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A transition from river networks to scale-free networks: A spatial network is constructed on a two dimensional space where the nodes\nare geometrical points located at randomly distributed positions which are\nlabeled sequentially in increasing order of one of their co-ordinates. Starting\nwith $N$ such points the network is grown by including them one by one\naccording to the serial number into the growing network. The $t$-th point is\nattached to the $i$-th node of the network using the probability: $\\pi_i(t)\n\\sim k_i(t)\\ell_{ti}^{\\alpha}$ where $k_i(t)$ is the degree of the $i$-th node\nand $\\ell_{ti}$ is the Euclidean distance between the points $t$ and $i$. Here\n$\\alpha$ is a continuously tunable parameter and while for $\\alpha=0$ one gets\nthe simple Barab\\'asi-Albert network, the case for $\\alpha \\to -\\infty$\ncorresponds to the spatially continuous version of the well known Scheidegger's\nriver network problem. The modulating parameter $\\alpha$ is tuned to study the\ntransition between the two different critical behaviors at a specific value\n$\\alpha_c$ which we numerically estimate to be -2.",
        "positive": "Mean-field calculation of critical parameters and log-periodic\n  characterization of an aperiodic-modulated model: We employ a mean-field approximation to study the Ising model with aperiodic\nmodulation of its interactions in one spatial direction. Two different values\nfor the exchange constant, $J_A$ and $J_B$, are present, according to the\nFibonacci sequence. We calculated the pseudo-critical temperatures for finite\nsystems and extrapolate them to the thermodynamic limit. We explicitly obtain\nthe exponents $\\beta$, $\\delta$, and $\\gamma$ and, from the usual scaling\nrelations for anisotropic models at the upper critical dimension (assumed to be\n4 for the model we treat), we calculate $\\alpha$, $\\nu$, $\\nu_{//}$, $\\eta$,\nand $\\eta_{//}$. Within the framework of a renormalization-group approach, the\nFibonacci sequence is a marginal one and we obtain exponents which depend on\nthe ratio $r \\equiv J_B/J_A$, as expected. But the scaling relation $\\gamma =\n\\beta (\\delta -1)$ is obeyed for all values of $r$ we studied. We characterize\nsome thermodynamic functions as log-periodic functions of their arguments, as\nexpected for aperiodic-modulated models, and obtain precise values for the\nexponents from this characterization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-organisation to criticality in a system without conservation law: We numerically investigate the approach to the stationary state in the\nnonconservative Olami-Feder-Christensen (OFC) model for earthquakes. Starting\nfrom initially random configurations, we monitor the average earthquake size in\ndifferent portions of the system as a function of time (the time is defined as\nthe input energy per site in the system). We find that the process of\nself-organisation develops from the boundaries of the system and it is\ncontrolled by a dynamical critical exponent z~1.3 that appears to be universal\nover a range of dissipation levels of the local dynamics. We show moreover that\nthe transient time of the system $t_{tr}$ scales with system size L as $t_{tr}\n\\sim L^z$. We argue that the (non-trivial) scaling of the transient time in the\nOFC model is associated to the establishment of long-range spatial correlations\nin the steady state.",
        "positive": "Maximum flow and topological structure of complex networks: The problem of sending the maximum amount of flow $q$ between two arbitrary\nnodes $s$ and $t$ of complex networks along links with unit capacity is\nstudied, which is equivalent to determining the number of link-disjoint paths\nbetween $s$ and $t$. The average of $q$ over all node pairs with smaller degree\n$k_{\\rm min}$ is $<q>_{k_{\\rm min}} \\simeq c k_{\\rm min}$ for large $k_{\\rm\nmin}$ with $c$ a constant implying that the statistics of $q$ is related to the\ndegree distribution of the network. The disjoint paths between hub nodes are\nfound to be distributed among the links belonging to the same edge-biconnected\ncomponent, and $q$ can be estimated by the number of pairs of edge-biconnected\nlinks incident to the start and terminal node. The relative size of the giant\nedge-biconnected component of a network approximates to the coefficient $c$.\nThe applicability of our results to real world networks is tested for the\nInternet at the autonomous system level."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal features in the energetics of symmetry breaking: A symmetry breaking (SB) involves an abrupt change in the set of microstates\nthat a system can explore. This change has unavoidable thermodynamic\nimplications. According to Boltzmann's microscopic interpretation of entropy, a\nshrinkage of the set of compatible states implies a decrease of entropy, which\neventually needs to be compensated by dissipation of heat and consequently\nrequires work. Examples are the compression of a gas and the erasure of\ninformation. On the other hand, in a spontaneous SB, the available phase space\nvolume changes without the need for work, yielding an apparent decrease of\nentropy. Here we show that this decrease of entropy is a key ingredient in the\nSzilard engine and Landauer's principle and report on a direct measurement of\nthe entropy change along SB transitions in a Brownian particle. The SB is\ninduced by a bistable potential created with two optical traps. The experiment\nconfirms theoretical results based on fluctuation theorems, allows us to\nreproduce the Szilard engine extracting energy from a single thermal bath, and\nshows that the signature of a SB in the energetics is measurable, providing new\nmethods to detect, for example, the coexistence of metastable states in\nmacromolecules.",
        "positive": "Ferromagnetism-induced Phase Separation in a Two-dimensional Spin Fluid: We study the liquid-gas phase separation observed in a system of repulsive\nparticles dressed with ferromagnetically aligning spins, a so-called `spin\nfluid'. Microcanonical ensemble numerical simulations of finite-size systems\nreveal that magnetization sets in and induces a liquid-gas phase separation\nbetween a disordered gas and a ferromagnetic dense phase at low enough energies\nand large enough densities. The dynamics after a quench into the coexistence\nregion show that the order parameter associated to the liquid-vapour phase\nseparation follows an algebraic law with an unusual exponent, as it is forced\nto synchronize with the growth of the magnetization: this suggests that for\nfinite size systems the magnetization sets in along a Curie line, which is also\nthe gas-side spinodal line, and that the coexistence region ends at a\ntricritical point. This picture is confirmed at the mean-field level with\ndifferent approximation schemes, namely a Bethe lattice resolution and a virial\nexpansion complemented by the introduction of a self-consistent Weiss-like\nmolecular field. However, a detailed finite-size scaling analysis shows that in\ntwo dimensions the ferromagnetic phase escapes the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless scenario, and that the long-range order is not\ndestroyed by the unbinding of topological defects. The Curie line becomes thus\na magnetic crossover in the thermodynamic limit. Finally, the effects of the\nmagnetic interaction range and those of the interaction softness are\ncharacterized within a mean-field semi-analytic low-density approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Benchmark test of Black-box optimization using D-Wave quantum annealer: In solving optimization problems, objective functions generally need to be\nminimized or maximized. However, objective functions cannot always be\nformulated explicitly in a mathematical form for complicated problem settings.\nAlthough several regression techniques infer the approximate forms of objective\nfunctions, they are at times expensive to evaluate. Optimal points of\n\"black-box\" objective functions are computed in such scenarios, while\neffectively using a small number of clues. Recently, an efficient method by use\nof inference by sparse prior for a black-box objective function with binary\nvariables has been proposed. In this method, a surrogate model was proposed in\nthe form of a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem, and\nwas iteratively solved to obtain the optimal solution of the black-box\nobjective function. In the present study, we employ the D-Wave 2000Q quantum\nannealer, which can solve QUBO by driving the binary variables by quantum\nfluctuations. The D-Wave 2000Q quantum annealer does not necessarily output the\nground state at the end of the protocol due to freezing effect during the\nprocess. We investigate effects from the output of the D-Wave quantum annealer\nin performing black-box optimization. We demonstrate a benchmark test by\nemploying the sparse Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model as the black-box\nobjective function, by introducing a parameter controlling the sparseness of\nthe interaction coefficients. Comparing the results of the D-Wave quantum\nannealer to those of the simulated annealing (SA) and semidefinite programming\n(SDP), our results by the D-Wave quantum annealer and SA exhibit superiority in\nblack-box optimization with SDP. On the other hand, we did not find any\nadvantage of the D-Wave quantum annealer over the simulated annealing. As far\nas in our case, any effects by quantum fluctuation are not found.",
        "positive": "Transfer matrix and Monte Carlo tests of critical exponents in lattice\n  models: The corrections to finite-size scaling in the critical two-point correlation\nfunction G(r) of 2D Ising model on a square lattice have been studied\nnumerically by means of exact transfer-matrix algorithms. The systems of square\ngeometry with periodic boundaries oriented either along <10> or along <11>\ndirection have been considered, including up to 800 spins. The calculation of\nG(r) at a distance r equal to the half of the system size L shows the existence\nof an amplitude correction proportional to 1/L^2. A nontrivial correction\nproportional to 1/L^0.25 of a very small magnitude also has been detected in\nagreement with predictions of our recently developed GFD (grouping of Feynman\ndiagrams) theory. A refined analysis of the recent MC data for 3D Ising, phi^4,\nand XY lattice models has been performed. It includes an analysis of the\npartition function zeros of 3D Ising model, an estimation of the\ncorrection-to-scaling exponent omega from the Binder cumulant data near\ncriticality, as well as a study of the effective critical exponent eta and the\neffective amplitudes in the asymptotic expansion of susceptibility at the\ncritical point. In all cases a refined analysis is consistent with our (GFD)\nasymptotic values of the critical exponents (nu=2/3, omega=1/2, eta=1/8 for 3D\nIsing model and omega=5/9 for 3D XY model), while the actually accepted\n\"conventional\" exponents are, in fact, effective exponents which are valid for\napproximation of the finite--size scaling behavior of not too large systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Breathers and Thermal Relaxation in Fermi-Pasta-Ulam Arrays: Breather stability and longevity in thermally relaxing nonlinear arrays\ndepend sensitively on their interactions with other excitations. We review the\nrelaxation of breathers in Fermi-Pasta-Ulam arrays, with a specific focus on\nthe different relaxation channels and their dependence on the interparticle\ninteractions, dimensionality, initial condition, and system parameters.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Equivalence of Certain Ideal Bose and Fermi Gases: We show that the recently discovered thermodynamic equivalence between\nnoninteracting Bose and Fermi gases in two dimensions, and between\none-dimensional Bose and Fermi systems with linear dispersion, both in the\ngrand-canonical ensemble, are special cases of a larger class of equivalences\nof noninteracting systems having an energy-independent single-particle density\nof states. We also conjecture that the same equivalence will hold in the\ngrand-canonical ensemble for any noninteracting quantum gas with a discrete\nladder-type spectrum whenever $\\sigma \\Delta / N k_{\\rm B} T$ is small, where\n$N$ is the average particle number and $\\sigma$ its standard deviation,\n$\\Delta$ is the level spacing, $k_{\\rm B}$ is Boltzmann's constant, and $T$ is\nthe temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonmonotonic roughness evolution in unstable growth: The roughness of vapor-deposited thin films can display a nonmonotonic\ndependence on film thickness, if the smoothening of the small-scale features of\nthe substrate dominates over growth-induced roughening in the early stage of\nevolution. We present a detailed analysis of this phenomenon in the framework\nof the continuum theory of unstable homoepitaxy. Using the spherical\napproximation of phase ordering kinetics, the effect of nonlinearities and\nnoise can be treated explicitly. The substrate roughness is characterized by\nthe dimensionless parameter $Q = W_0/(k_0 a^2)$, where $W_0$ denotes the\nroughness amplitude, $k_0$ is the small scale cutoff wavenumber of the\nroughness spectrum, and $a$ is the lattice constant. Depending on $Q$, the\ndiffusion length $l_D$ and the Ehrlich-Schwoebel length $l_{ES}$, five regimes\nare identified in which the position of the roughness minimum is determined by\ndifferent physical mechanisms. The analytic estimates are compared by numerical\nsimulations of the full nonlinear evolution equation.",
        "positive": "An Apparent Dissociation Transition in Anharmonically Bound 1D Systems: For diatomic molecules and chains bound anharmonically by interactions such a\nthe Lennard Jones and Morse potentials, we obtain analytical expressions for\nthermodynamic observables including the mean bond length, thermally averaged\ninternal energy, and the coefficient of thermal expansion. These results are\nvalid across the shift from condensed to gas-like phases, a dissociation\ntransition marked by a crossover with no singularities in thermodynamic\nvariables for finite pressures, though singular behavior appears in the low\npressure limit. In the regime where the thermal energy $k_{\\mathrm{B}} T$ is\nmuch smaller than the dissociation energy $D$, the mean interatomic separation\nscales as $\\langle l \\rangle = R_{e} + {\\mathcal B} (P R_{e}/k_{\\mathrm{B}}\nT)^{-2} e^{-D/k_{\\mathrm{B}} T} \\left( D/k_{\\mathrm{B}} T \\right )^{1/2}$ for\nboth the Morse and Lennard Jones potentials where $p$ is a pressure term,\n$R_{e}$ is the $T = 0$ bond length, and ${\\mathcal B}$ is a constant specific\nto the potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical Orbital Magnetic Moment in a Dissipative Stochastic System: We present an analytical treatment of the dissipative-stochastic dynamics of\na charged classical particle confined bi-harmonically in a plane with a uniform\nstatic magnetic field directed perpendicular to the plane. The stochastic\ndynamics gives a steady state in the long-time limit. We have examined the\norbital magnetic effect of introducing a parametrized deviation ($\\eta$ -1)\nfrom the second fluctuation-dissipation (II-FD) relation that connects the\ndriving noise and the frictional memory kernel in the standard Langevin\ndynamics. The main result obtained here is that the moving charged particle\ngenerates a finite orbital magnetic moment in the steady state, and that the\nmoment shows a crossover from para-to dia-magnetic sign as the parameter $\\eta$\nis varied. It is zero for $\\eta = 1$ that makes the steady state correspond to\nequilibrium, as it should. The magnitude of the orbital magnetic moment turns\nout to be a non-monotonic function of the applied magnetic field, tending to\nzero in the limit of an infinitely large as well as an infinitesimally small\nmagnetic field. These results are discussed in the context of the classic\nBohr-van Leeuwen theorem on the absence of classical orbital diamagnetism.\nPossible realization is also briefly discussed.",
        "positive": "High temperature behavior of a deformed Fermi gas obeying interpolating\n  statistics: An outstanding idea originally introduced by Greenberg is to investigate\nwhether there is equivalence between intermediate statistics, which may be\ndifferent from anyonic statistics, and q-deformed particle algebra. Also, a\nmodel to be studied for addressing such an idea could possibly provide us some\nnew consequences about the interactions of particles as well as their internal\nstructures. Motivated mainly by this idea, in this work, we consider a\nq-deformed Fermi gas model whose statistical properties enable effectively us\nto study interpolating statistics. Starting with a generalized Fermi-Dirac\ndistribution function, we derive several thermostatistical functions of a gas\nof these deformed fermions in the thermodynamical limit. We study the high\ntemperature behavior of the system by analyzing the effects of q-deformation on\nthe most important thermostatistical characteristics of the system such as the\nentropy, specific heat, and equation of state. It is shown that such a deformed\nfermion model in two and three spatial dimensions exhibits the interpolating\nstatistics in a specific interval of the model deformation parameter 0 < q < 1.\nIn particular, for two and three spatial dimensions, it is found from the\nbehavior of the third virial coefficient of the model that the deformation\nparameter q interpolates completely between attractive and repulsive systems,\nincluding the free boson and fermion cases. From the results obtained in this\nwork, we conclude that such a model could provide much physical insight into\nsome interacting theories of fermions, and could be useful to further study the\nparticle systems with intermediate statistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-KPZ modes in two-species driven diffusive systems: Using mode coupling theory and dynamical Monte-Carlo simulations we\ninvestigate the scaling behaviour of the dynamical structure function of a\ntwo-species asymmetric simple exclusion process, consisting of two coupled\nsingle-lane asymmetric simple exclusion processes. We demonstrate the\nappearence of a superdiffusive mode with dynamical exponent $z=5/3$ in the\ndensity fluctuations, along with a KPZ mode with $z=3/2$ and argue that this\nphenomenon is generic for short-ranged driven diffusive systems with more than\none conserved density. When the dynamics is symmetric under the interchange of\nthe two lanes a diffusive mode with $z=2$ appears instead of the non-KPZ\nsuperdiffusive mode.",
        "positive": "Topological defects, pattern evolution, and hysteresis in thin magnetic\n  films: Nature of the magnetic hysteresis for thin films is studied by the\nMonte-Carlo simulations. It is shown that a reconstruction of the magnetization\npattern with external field occurs via the creation of vortex-antivortex pairs\nof a special kind at the boundaries of stripe domains. It is demonstrated that\nthe symmetry of order parameter is of primary importance for this problem, in\nparticular, the in-plane magnetic anisotropy is necessary for the hysteresis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Minimal stochastic field equations for one-dimensional flocking: We consider the collective behaviour of active particles that locally align\nwith their neighbours. Agent-based simulation models have previously shown that\nin one dimension, these particles can form into a flock that maintains its\nstability by stochastically alternating its direction. Until now, this\nbehaviour has been seen in models based on continuum field equations only by\nappealing to long-range interactions that are not present in the simulation\nmodel. Here, we derive a set of stochastic field equations with local\ninteractions that reproduces both qualitatively and quantitatively the\nbehaviour of the agent-based model, including the alternating flock phase. A\ncrucial component is a multiplicative noise term of the voter model type in the\ndynamics of the local polarization whose magnitude is inversely proportional to\nthe local density. We show that there is an important subtlety in determining\nthe physically appropriate noise, in that it depends on a careful choice of the\nfield variables used to characterise the system. We further use the resulting\nequations to show that a nonlinear alignment interaction of at least cubic\norder is needed for flocking to arise.",
        "positive": "Asymmetric Diffusion: Diffusion rates through a membrane can be asymmetric, if the diffusing\nparticles are spatially extended and the pores in the membrane have asymmetric\nstructure. This phenomenon is demonstrated here via a deterministic simulation\nof a two-species hard-disk gas, and via simulations of two species in Brownian\nmotion, diffusing through a membrane that is permeable to one species but not\nthe other. In its extreme form, this effect will rapidly seal off flow in one\ndirection through a membrane, while allowing free flow in the other direction.\nThe system thus relaxes to disequilibrium, with very different densities of the\npermeable species on each side of the membrane. A single species of\nappropriately shaped particles will exhibit the same effect when diffusing\nthrough appropriately shaped pores. We hypothesize that purely geometric\neffects discussed here may play a role in common biological contexts such as\nmembrane ion channels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal working point in digitized quantum annealing: We present a study of the digitized Quantum Annealing protocol proposed by R.\nBarends et al., Nature 534, 222 (2016). Our analysis, performed on the\nbenchmark case of a transverse Ising chain problem, shows that the algorithm\nhas a well defined optimal working point for the annealing time\n$\\tau^{\\mathrm{opt}}_\\mathrm{P}$ --- scaling as\n$\\tau^{\\mathrm{opt}}_\\mathrm{P}\\sim \\mathrm{P}$, where $\\mathrm{P}$ is the\nnumber of digital Trotter steps --- beyond which, the residual energy error\nshoots-up towards the value characteristic of the maximally disordered state.\nWe present an analytical analysis for the translationally invariant transverse\nIsing chain case, but our numerical evidence suggests that this scenario is\nmore general, surviving, for instance, the presence of disorder.",
        "positive": "Extremal statistics in the energetics of domain walls: We study at T=0 the minimum energy of a domain wall and its gap to the first\nexcited state concentrating on two-dimensional random-bond Ising magnets. The\naverage gap scales as $\\Delta E_1 \\sim L^\\theta f(N_z)$, where $f(y) \\sim [\\ln\ny]^{-1/2}$, $\\theta$ is the energy fluctuation exponent, $L$ length scale, and\n$N_z$ the number of energy valleys. The logarithmic scaling is due to extremal\nstatistics, which is illustrated by mapping the problem into the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang roughening process. It follows that the susceptibility of\ndomain walls has also a logarithmic dependence on system size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reservoir crowding in a totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with\n  Langmuir Kinetics: We study a totally asymmetric simple exclusion process equipped with Langmuir\nkinetics with boundaries connected to a common reservoir. The total number of\nparticles in the system is conserved and controlled by filling factor $\\mu$.\nAdditionally, crowding of reservoir is taken into account which regulates the\nentry and exit of particles from both boundary as well as bulk. In the\nframework of mean-field approximation, we express the density profiles in terms\nof Lambert-W functions and obtain phase diagrams in $\\alpha-\\beta$ parameter\nspace.\n  Further, we elucidate the variation of phase diagram with respect to filling\nfactor and Langmuir kinetics. In particular, the topology of the phase diagram\nis found to change in the vicinity of $\\mu=1$. Moreover, the interplay between\nreservoir crowding and Langmuir kinetics develops a novel feature in the form\nof back-and-forth transition. The theoretical phase boundaries and density\nprofiles are validated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations.% We performed\nMonte Carlo simulations to validate our theoretical findings.",
        "positive": "Memory-induced oscillations of a driven particle in a dissipative\n  correlated medium: The overdamped dynamics of a particle is in general affected by its\ninteraction with the surrounding medium, especially out of equilibrium, and\nwhen the latter develops spatial and temporal correlations. Here we consider\nthe case in which the medium is modeled by a scalar Gaussian field with\nrelaxational dynamics, and the particle is dragged at constant velocity through\nthe medium by a moving harmonic trap. This mimics the setting of an active\nmicrorheology experiment conducted in a near-critical medium. When the particle\nis displaced from its average position in the nonequilibrium steady state, its\nsubsequent relaxation is shown to feature damped oscillations. This is similar\nto what has been recently predicted and observed in viscoelastic fluids, but\ndiffers from what happens in the absence of driving or for an overdamped\nMarkovian dynamics, in which cases oscillations cannot occur. We characterize\nthese oscillating modes in terms of the parameters of the underlying mesoscopic\nmodel for the particle and the medium, confirming our analytical predictions\nvia numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Branching annihilating random walk with long-range repulsion:\n  logarithmic scaling, reentrant phase transitions, and crossover behaviors: We study absorbing phase transitions in the one-dimensional branching\nannihilating random walk with long-range repulsion. The repulsion is\nimplemented as hopping bias in such a way that a particle is more likely to hop\naway from its closest particle. The bias strength due to long-range interaction\nhas the form $\\varepsilon x^{-\\sigma}$, where $x$ is the distance from a\nparticle to its closest particle, $0\\le \\sigma \\le 1$, and the sign of\n$\\varepsilon$ determines whether the interaction is repulsive (positive\n$\\varepsilon$) or attractive (negative $\\varepsilon$). A state without\nparticles is the absorbing state. We find a threshold $\\varepsilon_s$ such that\nthe absorbing state is dynamically stable for small branching rate $q$ if\n$\\varepsilon < \\varepsilon_s$. The threshold differs significantly, depending\non parity of the number $\\ell$ of offspring. When $\\varepsilon>\\varepsilon_s$,\nthe system with odd $\\ell$ can exhibit reentrant phase transitions from the\nactive phase with nonzero steady-state density to the absorbing phase, and back\nto the active phase. On the other hand, the system with even $\\ell$ is in the\nactive phase for nonzero $q$ if $\\varepsilon>\\varepsilon_s$. Still, there are\nreentrant phase transitions for $\\ell=2$. Unlike the case of odd $\\ell$,\nhowever, the reentrant phase transitions can occur only for $\\sigma=1$ and\n$0<\\varepsilon < \\varepsilon_s$. We also study the crossover behavior for $\\ell\n= 2$ when the interaction is attractive (negative $\\varepsilon$), to find the\ncrossover exponent $\\phi=1.123(13)$ for $\\sigma=0$.",
        "positive": "State equation for dense gases and liquids from a self-consistent-field\n  approach: The departure from ideal gas behavior is described by several known equations\nof state (EoS), developed from a combination of theoretical considerations and\nexperimental correlations. In this work a different approach is proposed, in\nwhich from a pairwise potential of the Lennard-Jones type, interaction between\nmolecules is accounted for by means of a self-consistent force field. An EoS is\nthus derived and compared to the Virial and to the van der Waals EoS."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the fluctuations of jamming coverage upon random sequential\n  adsorption on homogeneous and heterogeneous media: The fluctuations of the jamming coverage upon Random Sequential Adsorption\n(RSA) are studied using both analytical and numerical techniques. Our main\nresult shows that these fluctuations (characterized by $\\sigma_{\\theta_J}$)\ndecay with the lattice size according to the power-law $\\sigma_{\\theta_J}\n\\propto L^{-1/ \\nu}$. The exponent $\\nu$ depends on the dimensionality $D$ of\nthe substrate and the fractal dimension of the set where the RSA process\nactually takes place ($d_f$) according to $\\nu = 2 / (2D - d_f)$.This\ntheoretical result is confirmed by means of extensive numerical simulations\napplied to the RSA of dimers on homogeneous and stochastic fractal substrates.\nFurthermore, our predictions are in excellent agreement with different previous\nnumerical results.\n  It is also shown that, studying correlated stochastic processes, one can\ndefine various fluctuating quantities designed to capture either the underlying\nphysics of individual processes or that of the whole system. So, subtle\ndifferences in the definitions may lead to dramatically different physical\ninterpretations of the results. Here, this statement is demonstrated for the\ncase of RSA of dimers on binary alloys.",
        "positive": "Fluctuations, Trajectory Entropy, and Ziegler's Maximum Entropy\n  Production: We consider relaxation of an isolated system to the equilibrium using\ndetailed balance condition and Onsager's fluctuation approximation. There is a\nsmall deviation from the equilibrium in two parameters. For this system,\nexplicit expressions both for the dependence of trajectory entropy on random\nthermodynamic fluxes and for the dependence of entropy production on the most\nprobable thermodynamic fluxes are obtained. Onsager's linear relations are\nobtained for the considered model using two methods (maximization of trajectory\nentropy and Ziegler's maximization of entropy production). Two existing\ninterpretations of the maximum entropy production principle - as a physical\nprinciple and as an effective inference procedure - are discussed in the paper."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Approximating the entire spectrum of nonequilibrium steady state\n  distributions using relative entropy: An application to thermal conduction: We show that distribution functions of nonequilibrium steady states (NESS)\nevolving under a slowly varying protocol can be accurately obtained from\nlimited data and the closest known detailed state of the system. In this\nmanner, one needs to perform only a few detailed experiments to obtain the\nnonequilibrium distribution function for the entire gamut of nonlinearity. We\nachieve this by maximizing the relative entropy functional (MaxRent), which is\nproportional to the Kullback-Leibler distance from a known density function,\nsubject to constraints supplied by the problem definition and new measurements.\nMaxRent is thus superior to the principle of maximum entropy (MaxEnt), which\nmaximizes Shannon's informational entropy for estimating distributions but\nlacks the ability of incorporating additional prior information. The MaxRent\nprinciple is illustrated using a toy model of $\\phi^4$ thermal conduction\nconsisting of a single lattice point. An external protocol controlled\nposition-dependent temperature field drives the system out of equilibrium. Two\ndifferent thermostatting schemes are employed: the Hoover-Holian deterministic\nthermostat (which produces multifractal dynamics under strong nonlinearity) and\nthe Langevin stochastic thermostat (which produces phase space-filling\ndynamics). Out of the 80 possible states produced by the protocol, we assume\nthat 4 states are known to us in detail, one of which is used as input into\nMaxRent at a time. We find that MaxRent accurately approximates the phase space\ndensity functions at all values of the protocol even when the known\ndistribution is far away. MaxEnt, however, is unable to capture the fine\ndetails of the phase space distribution functions. We expect this method to be\nuseful in other external protocol driven nonequilibrium cases as well.",
        "positive": "Lifted TASEP: a Bethe ansatz integrable paradigm for non-reversible\n  Markov chains: Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), the field of stochastic algorithms built on\nthe concept of sampling, has countless applications in science and technology.\nThe overwhelming majority of MCMC algorithms are time-reversible and satisfy\nthe detailed-balance condition, just like physical systems in thermal\nequilibrium. The underlying Markov chains typically display diffusive dynamics,\nwhich leads to a slow exploration of sample space. Significant speed-ups can be\nachieved by non-reversible MCMC algorithms exhibiting non-equilibrium dynamics,\nwhose steady states exactly reproduce the target equilibrium states of\nreversible Markov chains. Such algorithms have had successes in applications\nbut are generally difficult to analyze, resulting in a scarcity of exact\nresults. Here, we introduce the \"lifted\" TASEP (totally asymmetric simple\nexclusion process) as a paradigm for lifted non-reversible Markov chains. Our\nmodel can be viewed as a second-generation lifting of the reversible Metropolis\nalgorithm on a one-dimensional lattice and is exactly solvable by an unusual\nkind of coordinate Bethe ansatz. We establish the integrability of the model\nand present strong evidence that the lifting leads to faster relaxation than in\nthe KPZ universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structure and dynamics of coupled viscous liquids: We perform Monte-Carlo simulations to analyse the structure and microscopic\ndynamics of a viscous Lennard-Jones liquid coupled to a quenched reference\nconfiguration of the same liquid. The coupling between the two replicas is\nintroduced via a field epsilon conjugate to the overlap Q between the two\nparticle configurations. This allows us to study the evolution of various\nstatic and dynamic correlation functions across the (epsilon, T) equilibrium\nphase diagram. As the temperature is decreased, we identify increasingly marked\nprecursors of a first-order phase transition between a low-Q and a high-Q phase\ninduced by the field epsilon. We show in particular that both static and\ndynamic susceptibilities have a maximum at a temperature-dependent value of the\ncoupling field, which defines a `Widom line'. We also show that, in the\nhigh-overlap regime, diffusion and structural relaxation are strongly decoupled\nbecause single particle motion mostly occurs via discrete hopping on the sites\ndefined by the reference configuration. These results, obtained using\nconventional numerical tools, provide encouraging signs that an equilibrium\nphase transition exists in coupled viscous liquids, but also demonstrate that\nimportant numerical challenges must be overcome to obtain more conclusive\nnumerical evidence.",
        "positive": "Subordinated diffusion and CTRW asymptotics: Anomalous transport is usually described either by models of continuous time\nrandom walks (CTRW) or, otherwise by fractional Fokker-Planck equations (FFPE).\nThe asymptotic relation between properly scaled CTRW and fractional diffusion\nprocess has been worked out via various approaches widely discussed in\nliterature. Here, we focus on a correspondence between CTRWs and time and space\nfractional diffusion equation stemming from two different methods aimed to\naccurately approximate anomalous diffusion processes. One of them is the Monte\nCarlo simulation of uncoupled CTRW with a L\\'evy $\\alpha$-stable distribution\nof jumps in space and a one-parameter Mittag-Leffler distribution of waiting\ntimes. The other is based on a discretized form of a subordinated Langevin\nequation in which the physical time defined via the number of subsequent steps\nof motion is itself a random variable. Both approaches are tested for their\nnumerical performance and verified with known analytical solutions for the\nGreen function of a space-time fractional diffusion equation. The comparison\ndemonstrates trade off between precision of constructed solutions and\ncomputational costs. The method based on the subordinated Langevin equation\nleads to a higher accuracy of results, while the CTRW framework with a\nMittag-Leffler distribution of waiting times provides efficiently an\napproximate fundamental solution to the FFPE and converges to the probability\ndensity function of the subordinated process in a long-time limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground states and formal duality relations in the Gaussian core model: We study dimensional trends in ground states for soft-matter systems.\nSpecifically, using a high-dimensional version of Parrinello-Rahman dynamics,\nwe investigate the behavior of the Gaussian core model in up to eight\ndimensions. The results include unexpected geometric structures, with\nsurprising anisotropy as well as formal duality relations. These duality\nrelations suggest that the Gaussian core model possesses unexplored symmetries,\nand they have implications for a broad range of soft-core potentials.",
        "positive": "Statistics of a Free Single Quantum Particle at a Finite Temperature: We present a model to study the statistics of a single structureless quantum\nparticle freely moving in a space at a finite temperature. It is shown that the\nquantum particle feels the temperature and can exchange energy with its\nenvironment in the form of heat transfer. The underlying mechanism is\ndiffraction at the edge of the wave front of its matter wave. Expressions of\nenergy and entropy of the particle are obtained for the irreversible process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Broad distribution of stick-slip events in Slowly Sheared Granular\n  Media: Table-top production of a Gutenberg-Richter-like distribution: We monitor the stick-slip displacements of a very slowly driven moveable\nperforated top plate which interacts via shearing with a packing of identical\nglass beads confined in a tray. When driven at a constant stress rate, the\ndistributions of large event displacements and energies triggered by the\nstick-slip instabilities exhibit power law responses reminiscent of the\nGutenberg-Richter law for earthquakes. Small events are quasi-size independent,\nsignaling crossover from single-bead transport to collective behavior.",
        "positive": "Small-world phenomena and the statistics of linear polymer networks: A regular lattice in which the sites can have long range connections at a\ndistance l with a probabilty $P(l) \\sim l^{-\\delta}$, in addition to the short\nrange nearest neighbour connections, shows small-world behaviour for $0 \\le\n\\delta < \\delta_c$. In the most appropriate physical example of such a system,\nnamely the linear polymer network, the exponent $\\delta$ is related to the\nexponents of the corresponding n-vector model in the $n \\to 0$ limit, and its\nvalue is less than $\\delta_c$. Still, the polymer networks do not show\nsmall-world behaviour. Here, we show that this is due a (small value)\nconstraint on the number q of long range connections per monomer in the\nnetwork. In the general $\\delta - q$ space, we obtain a phase boundary\nseparating regions with and without small-world behaviour, and show that the\npolymer network falls marginally in the regular lattice region."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Validity of compressibility equation and Kirkwood-Buff theory in\n  crystalline matter: Volume integrals over the radial pair-distribution function, so-called\nKirkwood-Buff integrals (KBI) play a central role in the theory of solutions,\nby linking structural with thermodynamic information. The simplest example is\nthe compressibility equation, a fundamental relation in statistical mechanics\nof fluids. Until now, KBI theory could not be applied to crystals, because the\nintegrals strongly diverge when computed in the standard way. We solve the\ndivergence problem and generalize KBI theory to crystalline matter by using the\nrecently proposed finite-volume theory. For crystals with harmonic interaction,\nwe derive an analytic expression for the peak shape of the pair-distribution\nfunction at finite temperature. From this we demonstrate that the\ncompressibility equation holds exactly in harmonic crystals.",
        "positive": "Statistical properties of the quantum anharmonic oscillator: The random matrix ensembles (RME) of Hamiltonian matrices, e.g. Gaussian\nrandom matrix ensembles (GRME) and Ginibre random matrix ensembles (Ginibre\nRME), are applicable to following quantum statistical systems: nuclear systems,\nmolecular systems, condensed phase systems, disordered systems, and\ntwo-dimensional electron systems (Wigner-Dyson electrostatic analogy). A family\nof quantum anharmonic oscillators is studied and the numerical investigation of\ntheir eigenenergies is presented. The statistical properties of the calculated\neigenenergies are compared with the theoretical predictions inferred from the\nrandom matrix theory. Conclusions are derived."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation theorems for discrete kinetic models of molecular motors: Motivated by discrete kinetic models for non-cooperative molecular motors on\nperiodic tracks, we consider random walks (also not Markov) on quasi one\ndimensional (1d) lattices, obtained by gluing several copies of a fundamental\ngraph in a linear fashion. We show that, for a suitable class of quasi 1d\nlattices, the large deviation rate function associated to the position of the\nwalker satisfies a Gallavotti-Cohen symmetry for any choice of the dynamical\nparameters defining the stochastic walk. This class includes the linear model\nconsidered in \\cite{LLM1}. We also derive fluctuation theorems for the\ntime-integrated cycle currents and discuss how the matrix approach of\n\\cite{LLM1} can be extended to derive the above Gallavotti-Cohen symmetry for\nany Markov random walk on $\\mathbb{Z}$ with periodic jump rates. Finally, we\nreview in the present context some large deviation results of \\cite{FS1} and\ngive some specific examples with explicit computations.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium Times for the Multicanonical Method: This work measures the time to equilibrium for the multicanonical method on\nthe 2D-Ising system by using a new criterion, proposed here, to find the time\nto equilibrium, teq, of any sampling procedure based on a Markov process. Our\nnew procedure gives the same results that the usual one, based on the\nmagnetization, for the canonical Metropolis sampling on a 2D-Ising model at\nseveral temperatures. For the multicanonical method we found a power-law\nrelationship with the system size, L, of teq=0.27(15) L^2.80(13), and with the\nnumber of energy levels to explore, kE, of teq=0.7(13) kE^1.40(11), in perfect\nagreement with the result just above. In addition, some kind of critical\nslowing down was observed around the critical energy. Our new procedure is\ncompletely general, and can be applied to any sampling method based on a Markov\nprocess."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The spectral properties of non-condensate particles in Bose-condensed\n  atomic hydrogen: The strong spin-dipole relaxation, accompanying BEC in a gas of atomic\nhydrogen, determines the formation of a quasistationary state with a flux of\nparticles in energy space to the condensate. This state is characterized by a\nsignificant enhancement of the low-energy distribution of non-condensate\nparticles resulting in a growth of their spatial density in the trap. This\ngrowth leads to the anomalous reconstruction of the optical spectral properties\nof non-condensate particles.",
        "positive": "A branching random-walk model of disease outbreaks and the percolation\n  backbone: The size and shape of the region affected by an outbreak is relevant to\nunderstand the dynamics of a disease and help to organize future actions to\nmitigate similar events. A simple extension of the SIR model is considered,\nwhere agents diffuse on a regular lattice and the disease may be transmitted\nwhen an infected and a susceptible agents are nearest neighbors. We study the\ngeometric properties of both the connected cluster of sites visited by infected\nagents (outbreak cluster) and the set of clusters with sites that have not been\nvisited. By changing the density of agents, our results show that there is a\nmixed-order (hybrid) transition where the region affected by the disease is\nfinite in one phase but percolates through the system beyond the threshold.\nMoreover, the outbreak cluster seems to have the same exponents of the backbone\nof the critical cluster of the ordinary percolation while the clusters with\nunvisited sites have a size distribution with a Fisher exponent $\\tau<2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous dynamical large deviations of local empirical densities and\n  activities in the pure and in the random kinetically-constrained East Model: The East model is the simplest one-dimensional kinetically-constrained model\nof $N$ spins with a trivial equilibrium that displays anomalously large\nspatio-temporal fluctuations, with characteristic \"space-time bubbles\" in\ntrajectory space, and with a discontinuity at the origin for the first\nderivative of the scaled cumulant generating function of the total activity.\nThese striking dynamical properties are revisited via the large deviations at\nvarious levels for the relevant local empirical densities and activities that\nonly involve two consecutive spins. This framework allows to characterize their\nanomalous rate functions and to analyze the consequences for all the\ntime-additive observables that can be reconstructed from them, both for the\npure and for the random East model. These singularities in dynamical large\ndeviations properties disappear when the hard-constraint of the East model is\nreplaced by the soft constraint.",
        "positive": "Exploring the equilibrium and dynamic phase transition properties of\n  Ising ferromagnet on a decorated triangular lattice: We study the equilibrium and dynamic phase transition properties of\ntwo-dimensional Ising model on a decorated triangular lattice under the\ninfluence of a time-dependent magnetic field composed of a periodic square wave\npart plus a time independent bias term. Using Monte Carlo simulations with\nstandard Metropolis algorithm, we determine the equilibrium critical behavior\nin zero field. At a fixed temperature corresponding to the multidroplet regime,\nwe locate the relaxation time and the dynamic critical half-period at which a\ndynamic phase transition takes place between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic\nstates. Benefiting from finite-size scaling theory, we estimate the dynamic\ncritical exponent ratios for the dynamic order parameter and its scaled\nvariance, respectively. The response function of the average energy is found to\nfollow a logarithmic scaling as a function of lattice size. At the critical\nhalf-period and in the vicinity of small bias field regime, average of the\ndynamic order parameter obeys a scaling relation with a dynamic scaling\nexponent which is very close to the equilibrium critical isotherm value.\nFinally, in the slow critical dynamics regime, investigation of metamagnetic\nfluctuations in the presence of bias field revels a symmetric double-peak\nbehavior for the scaled variance contours of dynamic order parameter and\naverage energy. Our results strongly resemble those previously reported for\nkinetic Ising models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Langevin equations and a geometric integration scheme for the overdamped\n  limit of homogeneous rotational Brownian motion: The translational motion of anisotropic and self-propelled colloidal\nparticles is closely linked with the particle's orientation and its rotational\nBrownian motion. In the overdamped limit, the stochastic evolution of the\norientation vector follows a diffusion process on the unit sphere and is\ncharacterised by an orientation-dependent (\"multiplicative\") noise. As a\nconsequence, the corresponding Langevin equation attains different forms\ndepending on whether It\\=o's or Stratonovich's stochastic calculus is used. We\nclarify that both forms are equivalent and derive them from a geometric\nconstruction of Brownian motion on the unit sphere, based on infinitesimal\nrandom rotations. Our approach suggests further a geometric integration scheme\nfor rotational Brownian motion, which preserves the normalisation constraint of\nthe orientation vector exactly. We show that a simple implementation of the\nscheme converges weakly at order 1 of the integration time step, and we outline\nan advanced variant of the scheme that is weakly exact for an arbitrarily large\ntime step. The discussion is restricted to time-homogeneous rotational Brownian\nmotion (i.e., constant rotational diffusion tensor), which is relevant for\nchemically anisotropic spheres such as self-propelled Janus particles.",
        "positive": "Anomalous Rotational Relaxation: A Fractional Fokker-Planck Equation\n  Approach: In this study we obtained analytically relaxation function in terms of\nrotational correlation functions based on Brownian motion for complex\ndisordered systems in a stochastic framework. We found out that rotational\nrelaxation function has a fractional form for complex disordered systems, which\nindicates relaxation has non-exponential character obeys to\nKohlrausch-William-Watts law, following the Mittag-Leffler decay."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation in a Multifractal: We build a multifractal object and use it as a support to study percolation.\n  We identify some differences between percolation in a multifractal and in a\nregular lattice. We use many samples of finite size lattices and draw the\nhistogram of percolating lattices against site occupation probability.\nDepending on a parameter characterizing the multifractal and the lattice size,\nthe histogram can have two peaks. The percolation threshold for the\nmultifractal is lower than for the square lattice.\n  The percolation in the multifractal differs from the percolation in the\nregular lattice in two points. The first is related with the coordination\nnumber that changes along the multifractal. The second comes from the way the\nweight of each cell in the multifractal affects the percolation cluster. We\ncompute the fractal dimension of the percolating cluster. Despite the\ndifferences, the percolation in a multifractal support is in the universality\nclass of standard percolation.",
        "positive": "Realistic thermal heat engine model and its generalized efficiency: We identify a realistic model of thermal heat engines and obtain the\ngeneralized efficiency, $\\eta= 1- \\left(\\frac{T_c}{T_h}\\right)^{1/\\delta}$,\nwhere $\\delta=1+\\frac{1}{\\gamma}$ and $\\gamma$ is the ratio of thermal heat\ncapacities of working substance at two thermal stages of the hot heat reservoir\ntemperature, $T_h$ and the cold heat reservoir temperature, $T_c$. We find that\nthe observed efficiency of practical heat engines satisfy the above generalized\nefficiency with $1/\\delta=0.35594$ $\\pm$ $0.07$. The Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency,\n$\\eta_{CA}=1-\\left(\\frac{T_c}{T_h}\\right)^{1/2}$ is obtained for the symmetric\ncase, $\\gamma=1$. The generalized efficiency approaches the Carnot efficiency,\n$\\eta_C=1-\\frac{T_c}{T_h}$, in the asymmetric limit, $\\gamma \\to \\infty$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low frequency noise controls on-off intermittency of bifurcating systems: A bifurcating system subject to multiplicative noise can display on-off\nintermittency. Using a canonical example, we investigate the extreme\nsensitivity of the intermittent behavior to the nature of the noise. Through a\nperturbative expansion and numerical studies of the probability density\nfunction of the unstable mode, we show that intermittency is controlled by the\nratio between the departure from onset and the value of the noise spectrum at\nzero frequency. Reducing the noise spectrum at zero frequency shrinks the\nintermittency regime drastically. This effect also modifies the distribution of\nthe duration that the system spends in the off phase. Mechanisms and\napplications to more complex bifurcating systems are discussed.",
        "positive": "Accuracy and Efficiency of Simplified Tensor Network Codes: We examine in detail the accuracy, efficiency and implementation issues that\narise when a simplified code structure is employed to evaluate the partition\nfunction of the two-dimensional square Ising model on periodic lattices though\nrepeated tensor contractions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surveying an Energy Landscape: We derive a formula that expresses the density of states of a system with\ncontinuous degrees of freedom as a function of microcanonical averages of\nsquared gradient and Laplacian of the Hamiltonian. This result is then used to\npropose a novel flat-histogram Monte Carlo algorithm, which is tested on a\nthree-dimensional system of interacting Lennard-Jones particles, the O(n)\nvector spin model on hypercubic lattices in D = 1 to 5 dimensions, and the O(3)\nHeisenberg model on a triangular lattice featuring frustration effects.",
        "positive": "Pronounced minimum of the thermodynamic Casimir forces of O(${\\bf n}$)\n  symmetric film systems: Analytic theory: Thermodynamic Casimir forces of film systems in the O$(n)$ universality\nclasses with Dirichlet boundary conditions are studied below bulk criticality.\nSubstantial progress is achieved in resolving the long-standing problem of\ndescribing analytically the pronounced minimum of the scaling function observed\nexperimentally in $^4$He films $(n=2)$ by R. Garcia and M.H.W. Chan, Phys. Rev.\nLett. ${\\bf 83}, 1187 \\;(1999)$ and in Monte Carlo simulations for the\nthree-dimensional Ising model ($n=1$) by O. Vasilyev et al., EPL ${\\bf 80},\n60009 \\;(2007)$. Our finite-size renormalization-group approach yields\nexcellent agreement with the depth and the position of the minimum for $n=1$\nand semiquantitative agreement with the minimum for $n=2$. Our theory also\npredicts a pronounced minimum for the $n=3$ Heisenberg universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Memory beyond memory in heart beating: an efficient way to detect\n  pathological conditions: We study the long-range correlations of heartbeat fluctuations with the\nmethod of diffusion entropy. We show that this method of analysis yields a\nscaling parameter $\\delta$ that apparently conflicts with the direct evaluation\nof the distribution of times of sojourn in states with a given heartbeat\nfrequency. The strength of the memory responsible for this discrepancy is given\nby a parameter $\\epsilon^{2}$, which is derived from real data. The\ndistribution of patients in the ($\\delta$, $\\epsilon^{2}$)-plane yields a neat\nseparation of the healthy from the congestive heart failure subjects.",
        "positive": "Modified Representation of Canonical Average by Special Microscopic\n  States for Classical Discrete Systems: For substitutional crystalline solids typically referred to classical\ndiscrete system under constant composition, macroscopic structure in\nthermodynamically equilibrium state can be typically obtained through canonical\naverage, where a set of microscopic structure dominantly contributing to the\naverage should depend on temperature and many-body interaction through\nBoltzmann factor, exp(-bE). Despite these facts, our recent study reveals that\nbased on configurational geometry, a few specially-selected microscopic\nstructure (called projection state PS) independent of temperature and many-body\ninteraction can reasonably characterize temperature dependence of macroscopic\nstructure. Here we further modify representation of canonical average by using\nthe same PSs, based on (i) transformation of multivariate 3-order moment matrix\nby one of the PS, and (ii) Pade approximation. We prove that the former can\nalways results in better representation of canonical average than\nnon-transformation one, confirmed by performing hypershere integration, while\nthe latter approximation can provide better representaion except for e.g.,\ninclusion of its own singular point within considered temperature, which can be\nknown a priori."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work needed to drive a thermodynamic system between two distributions: In this study, the minimum amount of work needed to drive a thermodynamic\nsystem from one initial distribution to another in a given time duration is\ndiscussed. Equivalently, for given amount of work, the minimum time duration\nrequired to complete such a transition is obtained. Results show that the\nminimum amount of work is used to achieve the following three objectives, to\nincrease the internal energy of the system, to decrease the system entropy, to\nchange the mean position of the system, and with other nonzero part dissipated\ninto environment. To illustrate the results, an example with explicit solutions\nis presented.",
        "positive": "Comment on `Generating functional analysis of Minority Games with real\n  market histories': Retracted after receiving a detailed clarification from Coolen"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Active-to-absorbing-state phase transition in an evolving population\n  with mutation: We study the active to absorbing phase transition (AAPT) in a simple\ntwo-component model system for a species and its mutant. We uncover the\nnontrivial critical scaling behavior and weak dynamic scaling near the AAPT\nthat shows the significance of mutation and highlights the connection of this\nmodel with the well-known directed percolation universality class. Our model\nshould be a useful starting point to study how mutation may affect extinction\nor survival of a species.",
        "positive": "Non-Gaussian Fluctuations in Biased Resistor Networks: Size Effects\n  versus Universal Behavior: We study the distribution of the resistance fluctuations of biased resistor\nnetworks in nonequilibrium steady states. The stationary conditions arise from\nthe competition between two stochastic and biased processes of breaking and\nrecovery of the elementary resistors. The fluctuations of the network\nresistance are calculated by Monte Carlo simulations which are performed for\ndifferent values of the applied current, for networks of different size and\nshape and by considering different levels of intrinsic disorder. The\ndistribution of the resistance fluctuations generally exhibits relevant\ndeviations from Gaussianity, in particular when the current approaches the\nthreshold of electrical breakdown. For two-dimensional systems we have shown\nthat this non-Gaussianity is in general related to finite size effects, thus it\nvanishes in the thermodynamic limit, with the remarkable exception of highly\ndisordered networks. For these systems, close to the critical point of the\nconductor-insulator transition, non-Gaussianity persists in the large size\nlimit and it is well described by the universal Bramwell-Holdsworth-Pinton\ndistribution. In particular, here we analyze the role of the shape of the\nnetwork on the distribution of the resistance fluctuations. Precisely, we\nconsider quasi-one-dimensional networks elongated along the direction of the\napplied current or trasversal to it. A significant anisotropy is found for the\nproperties of the distribution. These results apply to conducting thin films or\nwires with granular structure stressed by high current densities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two interacting Ising chains in relative motion: We consider two parallel cyclic Ising chains counter-rotating at a relative\nvelocity v, the motion actually being a succession of discrete steps. There is\nan in-chain interaction between nearest-neighbor spins and a cross-chain\ninteraction between instantaneously opposite spins. For velocities v>0 the\nsystem, subject to a suitable markovian dynamics at a temperature T, can reach\nonly a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS). This system was introduced by Hucht\net al., who showed that for v=\\infty it undergoes a para- to ferromagnetic\ntransition, essentially due to the fact that each chain exerts an effective\nfield on the other one. The present study of the v=\\infty case determines the\nconsequences of the fluctuations of this effective field when the system size N\nis finite. We show that whereas to leading order the system obeys detailed\nbalancing with respect to an effective time-independent Hamiltonian, the higher\norder finite-size corrections violate detailed balancing. Expressions are given\nto various orders in 1/N for the interaction free energy between the chains,\nthe spontaneous magnetization, the in-chain and cross-chain spin-spin\ncorrelations, and the spontaneus magnetization. It is shown how finite-size\nscaling functions may be derived explicitly. This study was motivated by recent\nwork on a two-lane traffic problem in which a similar phase transition was\nfound.",
        "positive": "Signatures of a quantum stabilized fluctuating phase and critical\n  dynamics in a kinetically-constrained open many-body system with two\n  absorbing states: We introduce and investigate an open many-body quantum system in which\nkinetically constrained coherent and dissipative processes compete. The form of\nthe incoherent dissipative dynamics is inspired by that of epidemic spreading\nor cellular-automaton-based computation related to the density-classification\nproblem. It features two non-fluctuating absorbing states as well as a\n$\\mathcal{Z}_2$-symmetric point in parameter space. The coherent evolution is\ngoverned by a kinetically constrained $\\mathcal{Z}_2$-symmetric many-body\nHamiltonian which is related to the quantum XOR-Fredrickson-Andersen model. We\nshow that the quantum coherent dynamics can stabilize a fluctuating state and\nwe characterize the transition between this active phase and the absorbing\nstates. We also identify a rather peculiar behavior at the\n$\\mathcal{Z}_2$-symmetric point. Here the system approaches the absorbing-state\nmanifold with a dynamics that follows a power-law whose exponent continuously\nvaries with the relative strength of the coherent dynamics. Our work shows how\nthe interplay between coherent and dissipative processes as well as symmetry\nconstraints may lead to a highly intricate non-equilibrium evolution and may\nstabilize phases that are absent in related classical problems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work relations for a system governed by Tsallis statistics: We derive analogues of the Jarzynski equality and Crooks relation to\ncharacterise the nonequilibrium work associated with changes in the spring\nconstant of an overdamped oscillator in a quadratically varying spatial\ntemperature profile. The stationary state of such an oscillator is described by\nTsallis statistics, and the work relations for certain processes may be\nexpressed in terms of q-exponentials. We suggest that these identities might be\na feature of nonequilibrium processes in circumstances where Tsallis\ndistributions are found.",
        "positive": "Model inspired by population genetics to study fragmentation of brittle\n  plates: We use a model whose rules were inspired by population genetics, the random\ncapability growth model, to describe the statistical details observed in\nexperiments of fragmentation of brittle platelike objects, and in particular\nthe existence of (i) composite scaling laws, (ii) small critical exponents \\tau\nassociated with the power-law fragment-size distribution, and (iii) the typical\npattern of cracks. The proposed computer simulations do not require numerical\nsolutions of the Newton's equations of motion, nor several additional\nassumptions normally used in discrete element models. The model is also able to\npredict some physical aspects which could be tested in new experiments of\nfragmentation of brittle systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Leggett-Rice Systems in Harmonic Traps: We present two results concerning the spin (or pseudo spin) dynamics of\ntrapped quantum gases in the hydrodynamic regime described by the Leggett\nequations. First, we apply perturbation theory to extend the ``bounded\ndiffusion'' description to trapped systems for small field inhomogeneities.\nSecond, we study the formation of long-lived domains with a numerical stability\nanalysis of the lowest-lying longitudinal diffusive modes. We also use computer\nsimulations of pi-pulse experiments to determine the range of experimental\nparameters where the formation of domains can be observed.",
        "positive": "Current-activity versus local-current fluctuations in driven flow with\n  exclusion: We consider fluctuations of steady-state current activity, and of its dynamic\ncounterpart, the local current, for the one-dimensional totally asymmetric\nsimple exclusion process. The cumulants of the integrated activity behave\nsimilarly to those of the local current, except that they do not capture the\nanomalous scaling behavior in the maximal-current phase and at its boundaries.\nThis indicates that the systemwide sampling at equal times, characteristic of\nthe instantaneous activity, overshadows the subtler effects which come about\nfrom non-equal time correlations, and are responsible for anomalous scaling. We\nshow that apparently conflicting results concerning asymmetry (skewness) of the\ncorresponding distributions can in fact be reconciled, and that (apart from a\nfew well-understood exceptional cases) for both activity and local current one\nhas positive skew deep within the low-current phase, and negative skew\neverywhere else."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A numerical study of the development of bulk scale-free structures upon\n  growth of self-affine aggregates: During the last decade, self-affine geometrical properties of many growing\naggregates, originated in a wide variety of processes, have been well\ncharacterized. However, little progress has been achieved in the search of a\nunified description of the underlying dynamics. Extensive numerical evidence\nhas been given showing that the bulk of aggregates formed upon ballistic\naggregation and random deposition with surface relaxation processes can be\nbroken down into a set of infinite scale invariant structures called \"trees\".\nThese two types of aggregates have been selected because it has been\nestablished that they belong to different universality classes: those of\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang and Edward-Wilkinson, respectively. Exponents describing\nthe spatial and temporal scale invariance of the trees can be related to the\nclassical exponents describing the self-affine nature of the growing interface.\nFurthermore, those exponents allows us to distinguish either the compact or\nnon-compact nature of the growing trees. Therefore, the measurement of the\nstatistic of the process of growing trees may become a useful experimental\ntechnique for the evaluation of the self-affine properties of some aggregates.",
        "positive": "Phase Transition and Monopoles Densities in a Nearest Neighbors\n  Two-Dimensional Spin Ice Model: In this work, we show that, due to the alternating orientation of the spins\nin the ground state of the artificial square spin ice, the influence of a set\nof spins at a certain distance of a reference spin decreases faster than the\nexpected result for the long range dipolar interaction, justifying the use of\nthe nearest neighbor two dimensional square spin ice model as an effective\nmodel. Using an extension of the model presented in ref. [Scientific Reports 5,\n15875 (2015)], considering the influence of the eight nearest neighbors of each\nspin on the lattice, we analyze the thermodynamics of the model and study the\nmonopoles and string densities dependence as a function of the temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Occurrence of Finite-Time-Singularities in Epidemic Models of\n  Rupture, Earthquakes and Starquakes: We present a new kind of critical stochastic finite-time-singularity, relying\non the interplay between long-memory and extreme fluctuations. We illustrate it\non the well-established epidemic-type aftershock (ETAS) model for aftershocks,\nbased solely on the most solidly documented stylized facts of seismicity\n(clustering in space and in time and power law Gutenberg-Richter distribution\nof earthquake energies). This theory accounts for the main observations (power\nlaw acceleration and discrete scale invariant structure) of critical rupture of\nheterogeneous materials, of the largest sequence of starquakes ever attributed\nto a neutron star as well as of earthquake sequences.",
        "positive": "On Polymer Statistical Mechanics: From Gaussian Distribution to\n  Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution to Fermi-Dirac Distribution: Macroscopic mechanical properties of polymers are determined by their\nmicroscopic molecular chain distribution. Due to randomness of these molecular\nchains, probability theory has been used to find their micro-states and energy\ndistribution. In this paper, aided by central limit theorem and mixed Bayes\nrule, we showed that entropy elasticity based on Gaussian distribution is\nquestionable. By releasing freely jointed chain assumption, we found that there\nis energy redistribution when each bond of a molecular chain changes its\nlength. Therefore, we have to change Gaussian distribution used in polymer\nelasticity to Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Since Maxwell-Boltzmann\ndistribution is only a good energy description for gas molecules, we found a\nmathematical path to change Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution to Fermi-Dirac\ndistribution based on molecular chain structures. Because a molecular chain can\nbe viewed as many monomers glued by covalent electrons, Fermi-Dirac\ndistribution describes the probability of covalent electron occupancy in\nmicro-states for solids such as polymers. Mathematical form of Fermi-Dirac\ndistribution is logistic function. Mathematical simplicity and beauty of\nFermi-Dirac distribution make many hard mechanics problems easy to understand.\nGeneralized logistic function or Fermi-Dirac distribution function was able to\nunderstand many polymer mechanics problems such as viscoelasticity [1],\nviscoplasticity [2], shear band and necking [3], and ultrasonic bonding [4]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on `Revisiting the Exact Dynamical Structure Factor of the\n  Heisenberg Antiferromagnetic Model' by A. H. Bougourzi: We point out the erroneous reasoning and disprove the conclusions contained\nin a recent preprint by A. H. Bougourzi (arxiv:1402.3855v1) concerning the spin\nstructure factor of the Heisenberg model at zero field in the thermodynamic\nlimit, as calculated using the vertex operator approach.",
        "positive": "Breakdown of the perturbative renormalization group at certain quantum\n  critical points: It is shown that the presence of multiple time scales at a quantum critical\npoint can lead to a breakdown of the loop expansion for critical exponents,\nsince coefficients in the expansion diverge. Consequently, results obtained\nfrom finite-order perturbative renormalization-group treatments may be not be\nan approximation in any sense to the true asymptotic critical behavior. This\nproblem manifests itself as a non-renormalizable field theory, or,\nequivalently, as the presence of a dangerous irrelevant variable. The quantum\nferromagnetic transition in disordered metals provides an example."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "q-Deformed Landau diamagnetism problem embedded in D-dimensions: We address the issue of generalizing the thermodynamic quantities via\n$q$-deformation, i.e., via the $q$-algebra that describes $q$-bosons and\n$q$-fermions. In this study with the application of $q$-deformation to the\nLandau diamagnetism problem in two dimensions, embedded in a $D$-dimensional\nspace, we will attempt to get a better understanding of the $q$-deformation. We\nobtain new results for q-deformed internal energy, number of particles,\nmagnetization and magnetic susceptibility, which recover the values already\nknown in the literature in the limit $q\\to1$.",
        "positive": "Optimizing the accuracy of Lattice Monte Carlo algorithms for simulating\n  diffusion: The behavior of a Lattice Monte Carlo algorithm (if it is designed correctly)\nmust approach that of the continuum system that it is designed to simulate as\nthe time step and the mesh step tend to zero. However, we show for an algorithm\nfor unbiased particle diffusion that if one of these two parameters remains\nfixed, the accuracy of the algorithm is optimal for a certain finite value of\nthe other parameter. In one dimension, the optimal algorithm with moves to the\ntwo nearest neighbor sites reproduces the correct second and fourth moments\n(and minimizes the error for the higher moments at large times) of the particle\ndistribution and preserves the first two moments of the first-passage time\ndistributions. In two and three dimensions, the same level of accuracy requires\nsimultaneous moves along two axes (\"diagonal\" moves). Such moves attempting to\ncross an impenetrable boundary should be projected along the boundary, rather\nthan simply rejected. We also treat the case of absorbing boundaries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stabilization of the output power of intracavity frequency-doubled\n  lasers: Intracavity frequency-doubled solid-state lasers exhibit intensity\nfluctuations of their light output, which are cause by nonlinear dynamical\nprocesses. Up to now, there are different solutions to this problem, but they\nreduce the output power, increase the size of the laser and/or make them more\ncomplicated to assemble. One focus of current research in nonlinear dynamics is\nderivation of control strategies from mathematical models and their\nexperimental realization. We suggest a method to stabilize the output power by\nmeans of an electronic feedback of the emitted infrared light intensity to the\npump power. First we show the theoretical predictions of a recently published\nstability analysis of a rate equation model with feedback. The presented\nexperimental observation show systematic deviations from theory. This makes it\nnecessary to refine the model to explain the deviations. The refinement has\ndirect impact on the improvement of the feedback loop and, therefore, on the\napplication of such a control scheme.",
        "positive": "Solvation free-energy pressure corrections in the Three Dimensional\n  Reference Interaction Site Model: Solvation free energies are efficiently predicted by molecular density\nfunctionnal theory (MDFT) if one corrects the overpressure introduced by the\nusual homogeneous reference fluid approximation. Sergiievskyi et al.\n[Sergiievskyi et al., JPCL, 2014, 5, 1935-1942] recently derived the rigorous\ncompensation of this excess of pressure (PC) and proposed an empirical \"ideal\ngas\" supplementary correction (PC+) that further enhances the calculated\nsolvation free energies. In a recent paper [Misin et al, JCP, 2015, 142,\n091105], those corrections were applied to solvation free energy calculations\nusing the three-dimensional reference interaction site model (3D-RISM). As for\nclassical DFT, PC and PC+ corrections improve greatly the predictions of\n3D-RISM, but PC+ is described as decreasing the accuracy. In this article, we\nfirst derive rigorously the PC and PC+ corrections for 3D-RISM. We show the\nreported discrepancy is then taken off by introducing the correct expression of\nthe pressure in 3D-RISM. This provides a consistent way to correct the\nsolvation free-energies calculated by 3D-RISM method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Grad's moment method for relativistic gas mixtures of Maxwellian\n  particles: Mixtures of relativistic gases are analyzed within the framework of Boltzmann\nequation by using Grad's moment method. A relativistic mixture of $r$\nconstituent is characterized by the moments of the distribution function:\nparticle four-flows, energy-momentum tensors and third-order moment tensors. By\nusing Eckart's decomposition and introducing $13r+1$ scalar fields -- related\nwith the four-velocity, temperature of the mixture, particle number densities,\ndiffusion fluxes, non-equilibrium pressures, heat fluxes and pressure deviator\ntensors -- Grad's distribution functions are obtained. Grad's distribution\nfunctions are used to determine the third-order tensors and their production\nterms for mixtures whose constituent's rest masses are not too disparate, so\nthat it follows a system of $13r+1$ scalar field equations. By restricting to a\nbinary mixture characterized by the six fields of partial particle number\ndensities, four-velocity and temperature, the remainder 21 scalar equations are\nused to determine the constitutive equations for the non-equilibrium pressures,\ndiffusion fluxes, pressure deviator tensors and heat fluxes. Hence the\nNavier-Stokes and generalized Fourier and Fick laws are obtained and the\ntransport coefficients of bulk and shear viscosities, thermal conductivity,\ndiffusion, thermal-diffusion and diffusion-thermal are determined. Furthermore,\nsolutions of the relativistic field equations for the binary mixture are\nobtained in form of forced and free waves. In the low frequency limiting case\nthe phase velocity and the attenuation coefficient are determined for forced\nwaves. In the small wavenumber limiting case it is shown that there exist four\nlongitudinal eigenmodes, two of them corresponding to propagating sound modes\nand two associated with non-propagating diffusive modes.",
        "positive": "Application of Stochastic Variational Method to Hydrodynamics: We apply the stochastic variational method to the action of the ideal fluid\nand showed that the Navier-Stokes equation is derived. In this variational\nmethod, the effect of dissipation is realized as the direct consequence of the\nfluctuation dissipation theorem. Differently from the previous works\n\\cite{kk1,kk2}, we parameterize the Lagrangian of SVM in more general form. The\nform of the obtained equation is not modified but the definition of the\ntransport coefficients are changed. We further discuss the formulation of SVM\nusing the Hamiltonian and show that the variation of the Hamiltonian gives the\nsame result as the case of the Lagrangian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Risk aversion in economic transactions: Most people are risk-averse (risk-seeking) when they expect to gain (lose).\nBased on a generalization of ``expected utility theory'' which takes this into\naccount, we introduce an automaton mimicking the dynamics of economic\noperations. Each operator is characterized by a parameter q which gauges\npeople's attitude under risky choices; this index q is in fact the entropic one\nwhich plays a central role in nonextensive statistical mechanics. Different\nlong term patterns of average asset redistribution are observed according to\nthe distribution of parameter q (chosen once for ever for each operator) and\nthe rules (e.g., the probabilities involved in the gamble and the indebtedness\nrestrictions) governing the values that are exchanged in the transactions.\nAnalytical and numerical results are discussed in terms of how the sensitivity\nto risk affects the dynamics of economic transactions.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic hierarchies of evolution equations: Non-equilibrium thermodynamics with internal variables introduces a natural\nhierarchical arrangement of evolution equations. Three examples are shown: a\nhierarchy of linear constitutive equations in thermodynamic rhelogy with a\nsingle internal variable, a hierarchy of wave equations in the theory of\ngeneralized continua with dual internal variables and a hierarchical\narrangement of the Fourier equation in the theory of heat conduction with\ncurrent multipliers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Central Limit Theorem for the Elephant Random Walk: We study the so-called elephant random walk (ERW) which is a non-Markovian\ndiscrete-time random walk on $\\mathbb{Z}$ with unbounded memory which exhibits\na phase transition from diffusive to superdiffusive behaviour. We prove a law\nof large numbers and a central limit theorem. Remarkably the central limit\ntheorem applies not only to the diffusive regime but also to the phase\ntransition point which is superdiffusive. Inside the superdiffusive regime the\nERW converges to a non-degenerate random variable which is not normal. We also\nobtain explicit expressions for the correlations of increments of the ERW.",
        "positive": "Role of interactions in ferrofluid thermal ratchets: Orientational fluctuations of colloidal particles with magnetic moments may\nbe rectified with the help of external magnetic fields with suitably chosen\ntime dependence. As a result a noise-driven rotation of particles occurs giving\nrise to a macroscopic torque per volume of the carrier liquid. We investigate\nthe influence of mutual interactions between the particles on this ratchet\neffect by studying a model system with mean-field interactions. The stochastic\ndynamics may be described by a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation for the\ncollective orientation of the particles which we solve approximately by using\nthe effective field method. We determine an interval for the ratio between\ncoupling strength and noise intensity for which a self-sustained rectification\nof fluctuations becomes possible. The ratchet effect then operates under\nconditions for which it were impossible in the absence of interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface Critical Behavior of Binary Alloys and Antiferromagnets:\n  Dependence of the Universality Class on Surface Orientation: The surface critical behavior of semi-infinite\n  (a) binary alloys with a continuous order-disorder transition and\n  (b) Ising antiferromagnets in the presence of a magnetic field is considered.\nIn contrast to ferromagnets, the surface universality class of these systems\ndepends on the orientation of the surface with respect to the crystal axes.\nThere is ordinary and extraordinary surface critical behavior for orientations\nthat preserve and break the two-sublattice symmetry, respectively. This is\nconfirmed by transfer-matrix calculations for the two-dimensional\nantiferromagnet and other evidence.",
        "positive": "Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition of two-component Bose\n  mixtures with inter-component Josephson coupling: We study the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition of\ntwo-component Bose mixtures in two spatial dimensions. When phases of both\ncomponents are decoupled, half-quantized vortex-antivortex pairs of each\ncomponent induce two-step BKT transitions. On the other hand, when phases of\nthe both components are synchronized through the inter-component Josephson\ncoupling, two species of vortices of each component are bind to form a\nmolecule, and in this case, we find that there is only one BKT transition by\nmolecule-antimolecule pairs. Our results can be tested by two weakly-connected\nBose systems such as two-component ultracold dilute Bose mixtures with the Rabi\noscillation, and multiband superconductors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonergodic solutions of the generalized Langevin equation: It is known that in the regime of superlinear diffusion, characterized by\nzero integral friction (vanishing integral of the memory function), the\ngeneralized Langevin equation may have non-ergodic solutions which do not relax\nto equilibrium values. It is shown that the equation may have non-ergodic\n(non-stationary) solutions even if the integral of the memory function is\nfinite and diffusion is normal.",
        "positive": "A Derivation of the Fradkin-Shenker Result From Duality: Links to Spin\n  Systems in External Magnetic Fields and Percolation Crossovers: In this article, we illustrate how the qualitative phase diagram of a gauge\ntheory coupled to matter can be directly proved and how rigorous numerical\nbounds may be established. Our work reaffirms the seminal result of Fradkin and\nShenker from another vista. Our main ingredient is the combined use of the\nself-duality of the three dimensional Z2/Z2 theory and an extended Lee-Yang\ntheorem. We comment on extensions of these ideas and firmly establish the\nexistence of a sharp crossover line in the two dimensional Z2/Z2 theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-Range Effects in Layered Spin Structures: We study theoretically layered spin systems where long-range dipolar\ninteractions play a relevant role. By choosing a specific sample shape, we are\nable to reduce the complex Hamiltonian of the system to that of a much simpler\ncoupled rotator model with short-range and mean-field interactions. This latter\nmodel has been studied in the past because of its interesting dynamical and\nstatistical properties related to exotic features of long-range interactions.\nIt is suggested that experiments could be conducted such that within a specific\ntemperature range the presence of long-range interactions crucially affect the\nbehavior of the system.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of Quantum Phase Transitions of a Dirac oscillator in a\n  homogenous magnetic field: The Dirac oscillator in a homogenous magnetic field exhibits a chirality\nphase transition at a particular (critical) value of the magnetic field.\nRecently, this system has also been shown to be exactly solvable in the context\nof noncommutative quantum mechanics featuring the interesting phenomenon of\nre-entrant phase transitions. In this work we provide a detailed study of the\nthermodynamics of such quantum phase transitions (both in the standard and in\nthe noncommutative case) within the Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics pointing out\nthat the magnetization has discontinuities at critical values of the magnetic\nfield even at finite temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ising spin glass under continuous-distribution random magnetic fields:\n  Tricritical points and instability lines: The effects of random magnetic fields are considered in an Ising spin-glass\nmodel defined in the limit of infinite-range interactions. The probability\ndistribution for the random magnetic fields is a double Gaussian, which\nconsists of two Gaussian distributions centered respectively, at $+H_{0}$ and\n$-H_{0}$, presenting the same width $\\sigma$. It is argued that such a\ndistribution is more appropriate for a theoretical description of real systems\nthan its simpler particular two well-known limits, namely the single Gaussian\ndistribution ($\\sigma \\gg H_{0}$), and the bimodal one ($\\sigma = 0$). The\nmodel is investigated by means of the replica method, and phase diagrams are\nobtained within the replica-symmetric solution. Critical frontiers exhibiting\ntricritical points occur for different values of $\\sigma$, with the possibility\nof two tricritical points along the same critical frontier. To our knowledge,\nit is the first time that such a behavior is verified for a spin-glass model in\nthe presence of a continuous-distribution random field, which represents a\ntypical situation of a real system. The stability of the replica-symmetric\nsolution is analyzed, and the usual Almeida-Thouless instability is verified\nfor low temperatures. It is verified that, the higher-temperature tricritical\npoint always appears in the region of stability of the replica-symmetric\nsolution; a condition involving the parameters $H_{0}$ and $\\sigma$, for the\noccurrence of this tricritical point only, is obtained analytically. Some of\nour results are discussed in view of experimental measurements available in the\nliterature.",
        "positive": "Role of entropy barriers for diffusion in the periodic potential: Diffusion of a particle in the N-dimensional external potential which is\nperiodic in one dimension and unbounded in the other N-1 dimensions is\ninvestigated. We find an analytical expression for the overdamped diffusion and\nstudy numerically the cases of moderate and low damping. We show that in the\nunderdamped limit, the multi-dimensional effects lead to reduction (comparing\nwith the one-dimensional motion) of jump lengths between subsequent trapping of\nthe atom in bottoms of the external periodic potential. As application we\nconsider the diffusion of a dimer adsorbed on the crystal surface."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-organized criticality in stick-slip models with periodic boundaries: A spring-block model governed by threshold dynamics and driven by temporally\nincreasing spring constants is investigated. Due to its novel multiplicative\ndriving, criticality occurs even with periodic boundary conditions via a\nmechanism distinct from that of previous models. This mechanism is dictated by\na coarsening process. The results show a high degree of universality. The\nobserved behavior should be relevant to a class of systems approaching\nequilibrium via a punctuated threshold dynamics.",
        "positive": "Vapor-liquid phase behavior of a size-asymmetric model of ionic fluids\n  confined in a disordered matrix: the collective variables-based approach: We develop a theory based on the method of collective variables to study the\nvapor-liquid equilibrium of asymmetric ionic fluids confined in a disordered\nporous matrix. The approach allows us to formulate the perturbation theory\nusing an extension of the scaled particle theory for a description of a\nreference system presented as a two-component hard-sphere fluid confined in a\nhard-sphere matrix. Treating an ionic fluid as a size- and charge-asymmetric\nprimitive model (PM) we derive an explicit expression for the relevant chemical\npotential of a confined ionic system which takes into account the third-order\ncorrelations between ions. Using this expression, the phase diagrams for a\nsize-asymmetric PM are calculated for different matrix porosities as well as\nfor different sizes of matrix and fluid particles. It is observed that general\ntrends of the coexistence curves with the matrix porosity are similar to those\nof simple fluids under disordered confinement, i.e., the coexistence region\ngets narrower with a decrease of porosity, and simultaneously the reduced\ncritical temperature $T_{c}^{*}$ and the critical density $\\rho_{i,c}^{*}$\nbecome lower. At the same time, our results suggest that an increase in size\nasymmetry of oppositely charged ions considerably affects the vapor-liquid\ndiagrams leading to a faster decrease of $T_{c}^{*}$ and $\\rho_{i,c}^{*}$ and\neven to a disappearance of the phase transition, especially for the case of\nsmall matrix particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The standard map: From Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics to Tsallis statistics: As well known, Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics is the correct way of\nthermostatistically approaching ergodic systems. On the other hand, nontrivial\nergodicity breakdown and strong correlations typically drag the system into\nout-of-equilibrium states where Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics fails. For a wide\nclass of such systems, it has been shown in recent years that the correct\napproach is to use Tsallis statistics instead. Here we show how the dynamics of\nthe paradigmatic conservative (area-preserving) standard map exhibits, in an\nexceptionally clear manner, the crossing from one statistics to the other. Our\nresults unambiguously illustrate the domains of validity of both\nBoltzmann-Gibbs and Tsallis statistics.",
        "positive": "Experimental test of Landauer's principle for stochastic resetting: A diffusive process that is reset to its origin at random times, so-called\nstochastic resetting (SR) is an ubiquitous expedient in many natural systems\n\\cite{Evans2011}. Beyond its ability to improve efficiency of target searching,\nSR is a true non-equilibrium thermodynamic process that brings forward new and\nchallenging questions \\cite{Fuchs2016}. Here, we experimentally implement SR\nwithin a time-dependent optical trapping potential and give a quantitative\nassessment of its thermodynamics. We show in particular that SR operates as a\nMaxwell demon, converting heat into work from a single bath continuously and\nwithout feedback \\cite{Roldan2014, Ciliberto2019}. Such a demon is the\nmanifestation of the constant erasure of information at play in resetting that,\nin our experiments, takes the form of a protocol. By tailoring this protocol,\nwe can bring the demon down to its minimal energetic cost, the Landauer bound\n\\cite{Lutz2015}. In addition, we reveal that the individual trajectories\nforming this autonomous demon all break ergodicity and thereby demonstrate the\nnon-ergodic nature of the demon's \\textit{modus operandi}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Walks of molecular motors interacting with immobilized filaments: Movements of molecular motors on cytoskeletal filaments are described by\ndirected walks on a line. Detachment from this line is allowed to occur with a\nsmall probability. Motion in the surrounding fluid is described by symmetric\nrandom walks. Effects of detachment and reattachment are calculated by an\nanalytical solution of the master equation. Results are obtained for the\nfraction of bound motors, their average velocity and displacement. Enclosing\nthe system in a finite geometry (tube, slab) leads to an experimentally\nrealizable problem, that is studied in a continuum description and also\nnumerically in a lattice simulation.",
        "positive": "Spin diffusion and relaxation in three-dimensional isotropic Heisenberg\n  antiferromagnets: A theory is proposed for kinetic effects in isotropic Heisenberg\nantiferromagnets at temperatures above the Neel point. A metod based on the\nanalysis of a set of Feynman diagrams for the kinetic coefficients is developed\nfor studying the critical dynamics. The scaling behavior of the generalized\ncoefficient of spin diffusion and relaxation constant in the paramagnetic phase\nis studied in terms of the approximation of coupling modes. It is shown that\nthe kinetic coefficients in an antiferromagnetic system are singular in the\nfluctuation region. The corresponding critical indices for diffusion and\nrelaxation processes are calculated. The scaling dimensionality of the kinetic\ncoefficients agrees with the predictions of dynamic scaling theory and a\nrenormalization group analysis. The proposed theory can be used to study the\nmomentum and frequency dependence of the kinetic parameters, and to determine\nthe form of the scaling functions. The role of nonlocal correlations and\nspin-liquid effects in magnetic systems is briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Domain Number Distribution in the Nonequilibrium Ising Model: We study domain distributions in the one-dimensional Ising model subject to\nzero-temperature Glauber and Kawasaki dynamics. The survival probability of a\ndomain, $S(t)\\sim t^{-\\psi}$, and an unreacted domain, $Q_1(t)\\sim\nt^{-\\delta}$, are characterized by two independent nontrivial exponents. We\ndevelop an independent interval approximation that provides close estimates for\nmany characteristics of the domain length and number distributions including\nthe scaling exponents.",
        "positive": "Mathematical inequalities for some divergences: Divergences often play important roles for study in information science so\nthat it is indispensable to investigate their fundamental properties. There is\nalso a mathematical significance of such results. In this paper, we introduce\nsome parametric extended divergences combining Jeffreys divergence and Tsallis\nentropy defined by generalized logarithmic functions, which lead to new\ninequalities. In addition, we give lower bounds for one-parameter extended\nFermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein divergences. Finally, we establish some\ninequalities for the Tsallis entropy, the Tsallis relative entropy and some\ndivergences by the use of the Young's inequality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unraveling active baths through their hidden degrees of freedom: The dynamics of a probe particle is highly influenced by the nature of the\nbath in which it is immersed. In particular, baths composed by active (e.g.,\nself-propelled) particles induce intriguing out-of-equilibrium effects on\ntracer's motion that are customarily described by integrating out the dynamics\nof the bath's degrees of freedom (DOFs). However, thermodynamic quantities,\nsuch as the entropy production rate, are generally severely affected by\ncoarse-graining procedures. Here, we show that active baths are associated with\nthe presence of entropic DOFs exhibiting non-reciprocal interactions with a\nprobe particle. Surprisingly, integrating out these DOFs inevitably results\ninto a system-dependent increase or reduction of the entropy production rate.\nOn the contrary, it stays invariant after integrating out non-entropic DOFs. As\na consequence, they determine the dimensionality of isoentropic hypersurfaces\nin the parameter space. Our results shed light on the nature of active baths,\nrevealing that the presence of a typical correlation time-scale is not a\nsufficient condition to have non-equilibrium effects on a probe particle, and\ndraws a path towards the understanding of thermodynamically-consistent\nprocedures to derive effective dynamics of observed DOFs.",
        "positive": "The effect of angular momentum conservation in the phase transitions of\n  collapsing systems: The effect of angular momentum conservation in microcanonical thermodynamics\nis considered. This is relevant in gravitating systems, where angular momentum\nis conserved and the collapsing nature of the forces makes the microcanonical\nensemble the proper statistical description of the physical processes. The\nmicrocanonical distribution function with non-vanishing angular momentum is\nobtained as a function of the coordinates of the particles. As an example, a\nsimple model of gravitating particles, introduced by Thirring long ago, is\nworked out. The phase diagram contains three phases: for low values of the\nangular momentum $L$ the system behaves as the original model, showing a\ncomplete collapse at low energies and an entropy with a convex intruder. For\nintermediate values of $L$ the collapse at low energies is not complete and the\nentropy still has a convex intruder. For large $L$ there is neither collapse\nnor anomalies in the thermodynamical quantities. A short discussion of the\nextension of these results to more realistic situations is exposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the choice of the density matrix in the stochastic TMRG: In applications of the density matrix renormalization group to nonhermitean\nproblems, the choice of the density matrix is not uniquely prescribed by the\nalgorithm. We demonstrate that for the recently introduced stochastic transfer\nmatrix DMRG (stochastic TMRG) the necessity to use open boundary conditions\nmakes asymmetrical reduced density matrices, as used for renormalization in\nquantum TMRG, an inappropriate choice. An explicit construction of the largest\nleft and right eigenvectors of the full transfer matrix allows us to show why\nsymmetrical density matrices are the correct physical choice.",
        "positive": "Is the Boston subway a small-world network ?: The mathematical study of the small-world concept has fostered quite some\ninterest, showing that small-world features can be identified for some abstract\nclasses of networks. However, passing to real complex systems, as for instance\ntransportation networks, shows a number of new problems that make current\nanalysis impossible. In this paper we show how a more refined kind of analysis,\nrelying on transportation efficiency, can in fact be used to overcome such\nproblems, and to give precious insights on the general characteristics of real\ntransportation networks, eventually providing a picture where the small-world\ncomes back as underlying construction principle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic Features of Bosonic Quantum Transport and Entropy Production: We investigate the microscopic features of bosonic quantum transport in a\nnon-equilibrium steady state, which breaks time reversal invariance\nspontaneously. The analysis is based on the probability distributions,\ngenerated by the correlation functions of the particle current and the entropy\nproduction operator. The general approach is applied to an exactly solvable\nmodel with a point-like interaction driving the system away from equilibrium.\nThe quantum fluctuations of the particle current and the entropy production are\nexplicitly evaluated in the zero frequency limit. It is shown that all moments\nof the entropy production distribution are non-negative, which provides a\nmicroscopic version of the second law of thermodynamics. On this basis a\nconcept of efficiency, taking into account all quantum fluctuations, is\nproposed and analysed. The role of the quantum statistics in this context is\nalso discussed.",
        "positive": "Regeneration of Stochastic Processes: An Inverse Method: We propose a novel inverse method that utilizes a set of data to construct a\nsimple equation that governs the stochastic process for which the data have\nbeen measured, hence enabling us to reconstruct the stochastic process. As an\nexample, we analyze the stochasticity in the beat-to-beat fluctuations in the\nheart rates of healthy subjects as well as those with congestive heart failure.\nThe inverse method provides a novel technique for distinguishing the two\nclasses of subjects in terms of a drift and a diffusion coefficients which\nbehave completely differently for the two classes of subjects, hence\npotentially providing a novel diagnostic tool for distinguishing healthy\nsubjects from those with congestive heart failure, even at the early stages of\nthe disease development."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reciprocal Relations in Dissipationless Hydrodynamics: Hidden symmetry in dissipationless terms of arbitrary hydrodynamics equations\nis recognized. We demonstrate that all fluxes are generated by a single\nfunction and derive conventional Euler equations using proposed formalism.",
        "positive": "Probability Currents in Out-of-Equilibrium Microwave Circuits: In this work we reconstruct the probability current in phase space of\nout-of-equilibrium microwave circuits. This is achieved by a statistical\nanalysis of short-time correlations in time domain measurements. It allows us\nto check locally in phase space the violation of detailed balance or the\npresence of fluctuation loops. We present the data analysis methods and\nexperimental results for several microwave circuits driven by two noise sources\nin the 4-8GHz frequency range."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamical path integral and emergent symmetry: We investigate a thermally isolated quantum many-body system with an external\ncontrol represented by a step protocol of a parameter. The propagator at each\nstep of the parameter change is described by thermodynamic quantities under\nsome assumptions. For the time evolution of such systems, we formulate a path\nintegral over the trajectories in the thermodynamic state space. In particular,\nfor quasi-static operations, we derive an effective action of the thermodynamic\nentropy and its canonically conjugate variable. Then, the symmetry for the\nuniform translation of the conjugate variable emerges in the path integral.\nThis leads to the entropy as a Noether invariant in quantum mechanics.",
        "positive": "Reformulation of the Covering and Quantizer Problems as Ground States of\n  Interacting Particles: We reformulate the covering and quantizer problems as the determination of\nthe ground states of interacting particles in $\\mathbb{R}^d$ that generally\ninvolve single-body, two-body, three-body, and higher-body interactions. This\nis done by linking the covering and quantizer problems to certain optimization\nproblems involving the \"void\" nearest-neighbor functions that arise in the\ntheory of random media and statistical mechanics. These reformulations, which\nagain exemplifies the deep interplay between geometry and physics, allow one\nnow to employ theoretical and numerical optimization techniques to analyze and\nsolve these energy minimization problems. The covering and quantizer problems\nhave relevance in numerous applications, including wireless communication\nnetwork layouts, the search of high-dimensional data parameter spaces,\nstereotactic radiation therapy, data compression, digital communications,\nmeshing of space for numerical analysis, and coding and cryptography, among\nother examples. The connections between the covering and quantizer problems and\nthe sphere-packing and number-variance problems are discussed. We also show\nthat disordered saturated sphere packings provide relatively thin (economical)\ncoverings and may yield thinner coverings than the best known lattice coverings\nin sufficiently large dimensions. In the case of the quantizer problem, we\nderive improved upper bounds on the quantizer error using sphere-packing\nsolutions, which are generally substantially sharper than an existing upper\nbound in low to moderately large dimensions. We also demonstrate that\ndisordered saturated sphere packings yield relatively good quantizers. Finally,\nwe remark on possible applications of our results for the detection of\ngravitational waves."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mini-grand canonical ensemble: chemical potential in the solvation shell: Quantifying the statistics of occupancy of solvent molecules in the vicinity\nof solutes is central to our understanding of solvation phenomena. Number\nfluctuations in small `solvation shells' around solutes cannot be described\nwithin the macroscopic grand canonical framework using a single chemical\npotential that represents the solvent `bath'. In this communication, we\nhypothesize that molecular-sized observation volumes such as solvation shells\nare best described by coupling the solvation shell with a mixture of particle\nbaths each with its own chemical potential. We confirm our hypotheses by\nstudying the enhanced fluctuations in the occupancy statistics of hard sphere\nsolvent particles around a distinguished hard sphere solute particle.\nConnections with established theories of solvation are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Efficient implementation of the Wang-Landau algorithm for systems with\n  length-scalable potential energy functions: We consider a class of systems where $N$ identical particles with positions\n${\\bf q}_1,...,{\\bf q}_N$ and momenta ${\\bf p}_1,...,{\\bf p}_N$ are enclosed in\na box of size $L$, and exhibit the scaling $\\mathcal{U}(L{\\bf r}_1,...,L{\\bf\nr}_N)=\\alpha(L)\\, \\mathcal{U}({\\bf r}_1,...,{\\bf r}_N)$ for the associated\npotential energy function $\\mathcal{U}({\\bf q}_1,...,{\\bf q}_N)$. For these\nsystems, we propose an efficient implementation of the Wang-Landau algorithm\nfor evaluating thermodynamic observables involving energy and volume\nfluctuations in the microcanonical description, and temperature and volume\nfluctuations in the canonical description. This requires performing the\nWang-Landau simulation in a scaled box of unit size and evaluating the density\nof states corresponding to the potential energy part only. To demonstrate the\nefficacy of our approach, as example systems, we consider Padmanabhan's binary\nstar model and an ideal gas trapped in a harmonic potential within the box."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlations of tensor field components in isotropic systems with an\n  application to stress correlations in elastic bodies: Correlation functions of components of second-order tensor fields in\nisotropic systems can be reduced to an isotropic forth-order tensor field\ncharacterized by a few invariant correlation functions (ICFs). It is emphasized\nthat components of this field depend in general on the coordinates of the field\nvector variable and thus on the orientation of the coordinate system. These\nangular dependencies are distinct from those of ordinary anisotropic systems.\nAs a simple example of the procedure to obtain the ICFs we discuss correlations\nof time-averaged stresses in isotropic glasses where only one ICF in reciprocal\nspace becomes a finite constant e for large sampling times and small\nwavevectors. It is shown that e is set by the typical size of the frozen-in\nstress components normal to the wavevectors, i.e. it is caused by the symmetry\nbreaking of the stress for each independent configuration. Using the presented\ngeneral mathematical formalism for isotropic tensor fields this finding\nexplains in turn the observed long-range stress correlations in real space.\nUnder additional but rather general assumptions e is shown to be given by a\nthermodynamic quantity, the equilibrium Young modulus E. We thus relate for\ncertain isotropic amorphous bodies the existence of finite Young or shear\nmoduli to the symmetry breaking of a stress component in reciprocal space.",
        "positive": "Fracture strength: Stress concentration, extreme value statistics and\n  the fate of the Weibull distribution: The fracture strength distribution of materials is often described in terms\nof the Weibull law which can be derived by using extreme value statistics if\nelastic interactions are ignored. Here, we consider explicitly the interplay\nbetween elasticity and disorder and test the asymptotic validity of the Weibull\ndistribution through numerical simulations of the two-dimensional random fuse\nmodel. Even when the local fracture strength follows the Weibull distribution,\nthe global failure distribution is dictated by stress enhancement at the tip of\nthe cracks and sometimes deviates from the Weibull law. Only in the case of a\npre-existing power law distribution of crack widths do we find that the failure\nstrength is Weibull distributed. Contrary to conventional assumptions, even in\nthis case, the Weibull exponent can not be simply inferred from the exponent of\nthe initial crack width distribution. Our results thus raise some concerns on\nthe applicability of the Weibull distribution in most practical cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scale invariant Green-Kubo relation for time averaged diffusivity: In recent years it was shown both theoretically and experimentally that in\ncertain systems exhibiting anomalous diffusion the time and ensemble average\nmean squared displacement are remarkably different. The ensemble average\ndiffusivity is obtained from a scaling Green-Kubo relation, which connects the\nscale invariant non-stationary velocity correlation function with the transport\ncoefficient. Here we obtain the relation between time averaged diffusivity,\nusually recorded in single particle tracking experiments, and the underlying\nscale invariant velocity correlation function. The time averaged mean squared\ndisplacement is given by $\\overline{\\delta^2} \\sim 2 D_\\nu\nt^{\\beta}\\Delta^{\\nu-\\beta}$ where $t$ is the total measurement time and\n$\\Delta$ the lag time. Here $\\nu>1$ is the anomalous diffusion exponent\nobtained from ensemble averaged measurements $\\langle x^2 \\rangle \\sim t^\\nu$\nwhile $\\beta\\ge -1$ marks the growth or decline of the kinetic energy $\\langle\nv^2 \\rangle \\sim t^\\beta$. Thus we establish a connection between exponents\nwhich can be read off the asymptotic properties of the velocity correlation\nfunction and similarly for the transport constant $D_\\nu$. We demonstrate our\nresults with non-stationary scale invariant stochastic and deterministic\nmodels, thereby highlighting that systems with equivalent behavior in the\nensemble average can differ strongly in their time average. This is the case,\nfor example, if averaged kinetic energy is finite, i.e. $\\beta=0$, where\n$\\langle \\overline{\\delta^2}\\rangle \\neq \\langle x^2\\rangle$.",
        "positive": "Reversible Transport of Interacting Brownian Ratchets: The transport of interacting Brownian particles in a periodic asymmetric\n(ratchet) substrate is studied numerically. In a zero-temperature regime, the\nsystem behaves as a reversible step motor, undergoing multiple sign reversals\nof the particle current as any of the following parameters are varied: the\npinning potential parameters, the particle occupation number, and the\nexcitation amplitude. The reversals are induced by successive changes in the\nsymmetry of the effective ratchet potential produced by the substrate and the\nfraction of particles which are effectively pinned. At high temperatures and\nlow frequencies, thermal noise assists delocalization of the pinned particles,\nrendering the system to recover net motion along the gentler direction of the\nsubstrate potential. The joint effect of high temperature and high frequency,\non the other hand, induces an additional current inversion, this time favoring\nmotion along the direction where the ratchet potential is steeper. The\ndependence of these properties on the ratchet parameters and particle density\nis analyzed in detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal approach to quantum thermodynamics of strongly coupled systems\n  under nonequilibrium conditions and external driving: We present an approach based on a density matrix expansion to study\nthermodynamic properties of a quantum system strongly coupled to two or more\nbaths. For slow external driving of the system, we identify the adiabatic and\nnonadiabatic contributions to thermodynamic quantities, and we show how the\nfirst and second laws of thermodynamics are manifested in the strong coupling\nregime. Particularly, we show that the entropy production is positive up to\nsecond order in the driving speed. The formulation can be applied both for\nBosonic and Fermionic systems, and recovers previous results for the\nequilibrium case (Phys. Rev. B 98, 134306 [2018]). The approach is then\ndemonstrated for the driven resonant level model as well as the driven Anderson\nimpurity model, where the hierarchical quantum master equation method is used\nto accurately simulate the nonequilibrium quantum dynamics.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium free energies from non-equilibrium metadynamics: In this paper we propose a new formalism to map history-dependent\nmetadynamics in a Markovian process. We apply this formalism to a model\nLangevin dynamics and determine the equilibrium distribution of a collection of\nsimulations. We demonstrate that the reconstructed free energy is an unbiased\nestimate of the underlying free energy and analytically derive an expression\nfor the error. The present results can be applied to other history-dependent\nstochastic processes such as Wang-Landau sampling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An efficient thermal diode with ballistic spacer: Thermal rectification is of importance not only for fundamental physics, but\nalso for potential applications in thermal manipulations and thermal\nmanagement. However, thermal rectification effect usually decays rapidly with\nsystem size. Here, we show that a mass-graded system, with two diffusive leads\nseparated by a ballistic spacer, can exhibit large thermal rectification\neffect, with the rectification factor independent of system size. The\nunderlying mechanism is explained in terms of the effective size-independent\nthermal gradient and the match/mismatch of the phonon bands. We also show the\nrobustness of the thermal diode upon variation of the model's parameters. Our\nfinding suggests a promising way for designing realistic efficient thermal\ndiodes.",
        "positive": "Analytical approximation for reaction-diffusion processes in rough pores: The concept of an active zone in Laplacian transport is used to obtain an\nanalytical approximation for the reactive effectiveness of a pore with an\narbitrary rough geometry. We show that this approximation is in very good\nagreement with direct numerical simulations performed over a wide range of\ndiffusion-reaction conditions (i.e., with or without screening effects). In\nparticular, we find that in most practical situations, the effect of roughness\nis to increase the intrinsic reaction rate by a geometrical factor, namely, the\nratio between the real and the apparent surface area. We show that this simple\ngeometrical information is sufficient to characterize the reactive\neffectiveness of a pore, in spite of the complex morphological features it\nmight possess."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Avalanche statistics and intermittency in topological defect-mediated\n  flows: Topological defects dominate the deformation response of materials in\nprocesses ranging from quantum turbulence to crystal plasticity. We calculate\nthe probability distribution function for the fluctuations in velocity $v$,\nusing scaling arguments and a systematic cluster expansion method to account\nfor density correlations. We find that the distribution has power-law tails\nwith an exponent that takes the value -3 for $v\\rightarrow \\infty$, but a value\n-2 for intermediate values of $v$. We relate these regimes to the theory of\navalanches, by directly computing the known avalanche scaling exponents.",
        "positive": "Hard Disks in Narrow Channels: The thermodynamic and dynamical behavior of a gas of hard disks in a narrow\nchannel is studied theoretically and numerically. Using a virial expansion we\nfind that the pressure and collision frequency curves exhibit a singularity at\na channel width corresponding to twice the disk diameter. As expected, the\nmaximum Lyapunov exponent is also found to display a similar behavior. At high\ndensity these curves are dominated by solid-like configurations which are\ndifferent from the bulk ones, due to the channel boundary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The typical behaviour of relays: The typical behaviour of the relay-without-delay channel and its many-units\ngeneralisation, termed the relay array, under LDPC coding, is studied using\nmethods of statistical mechanics. A demodulate-and-forward strategy is\nanalytically solved using the replica symmetric ansatz which is exact in the\nstudied system at the Nishimori's temperature. In particular, the typical level\nof improvement in communication performance by relaying messages is shown in\nthe case of small and large number of relay units.",
        "positive": "L\u00e9vy flights as subordination process: first passage times: We obtain the first passage time density for a L\\'{e}vy flight random process\nfrom a subordination scheme. By this method, we infer the asymptotic behavior\ndirectly from the Brownian solution and the Sparre Andersen theorem, avoiding\nexplicit reference to the fractional diffusion equation. Our results\ncorroborate recent findings for Markovian L\\'{e}vy flights and generalize to\nbroad waiting times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-Size Scaling and Power Law Relations for Dipol-Quadrupol\n  Interaction on Blume-Emery-Griffiths Model: The Blume-Emery-Griffiths model with the dipol-quadrupol interaction (\\ell)\nhas been simulated using a cellular automaton algorithm improved from the\nCreutz cellular automaton (CCA) on the face centered cubic (fcc) lattice. The\nfinite-size scaling relations and the power laws of the order parameter (M) and\nthe susceptibility (\\chi) are proposed for the dipol-quadrupol interaction\n(\\ell). The dipol-quadrupol critical exponent \\delta_{\\ell} has been estimated\nfrom the data of the order parameter (M) and the susceptibility (\\chi). The\nsimulations have been done in the interval 0\\leq \\ell =L/J\\leq 0.01 for\nd=D/J=0, k=K/J=0 and h=H/J=0 parameter values on a face centered cubic (fcc)\nlattice with periodic boundary conditions. The results indicates that the\neffect of the \\ell parameter is similar to the external magnetic field (h). The\ncritical exponent \\delta_{\\ell}$ are in good agreement with the universal value\n(\\delta_{h}=5) of the external magnetic field.",
        "positive": "Phase-space approach to dynamical density functional theory: We consider a system of interacting particles subjected to Langevin inertial\ndynamics and derive the governing time-dependent equation for the one-body\ndensity. We show that, after suitable truncations of the\nBogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy, and a multiple time scale\nanalysis, we obtain a self-consistent equation involving only the one-body\ndensity. This study extends to arbitrary dimensions previous work on a\none-dimensional fluid and highlights the subtelties of kinetic theory in the\nderivation of dynamical density functional theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Erasing a majority-logic bit: We study finite-time bit erasure in the context of majority-logic decoding.\nIn particular, we calculate the minimum amount of work needed to erase a\nmajority-logic bit when one has full control over the system dynamics. Although\na single unit bit is easier to erase in the slow-driving limit, the\nmajority-logic bit outperforms the single unit bit in the fast-erasure limit.\nOur results also suggest optimal design principles for majority-logic bits\nunder limited control.",
        "positive": "Long Range Correlated Percolation: In this note we study the field theory of dynamic isotropic percolation (DIP)\nwith quenched randomness that has long range correlations decaying as $r^{-a}$.\nWe argue that the quasi static limit of this field theory describes the\ncritical point of long range correlated percolation. We perform a one loop\ndouble RG expansion in $\\epsilon=6-d$, d the spacial dimension, and $\\delta =\n4-a$ and calculate both the static exponents and the dynamic exponent\ncorresponding to the long range stable fixed point. The results for the static\nexponents as well as the region of stability for this long range fixed point\nagree with the results from a previous work on the subject that used a\ndifferent representation of the problem \\cite{aweinrib}. For the special case\n$\\delta = \\epsilon$ we perform a two loop calculation. We confirm that the\nscaling relation $\\nu = \\frac{2}{a}$, $\\nu$ is the correlation length critical\nexponent, is satisfied to two loop order. Simulation results for the spreading\nexponent in $d=3$ differ significantly from the value we obtain after\nPade-Borel resummation was performed on the $\\epsilon$ expansion result. This\nis in sharp contrast with the result of a two loop $\\epsilon$ expansion for the\nspreading exponent for DIP where there is a very good agreement with results\nfrom simulations for $d \\geq 2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The physics of boundary conditions in reaction-diffusion problems: The use of fully or partially absorbing boundary conditions for\ndiffusion-based problems has become paradigmatic in physical chemistry and\nbiochemistry to describe reactions occurring in solutions or in living media.\nHowever, as chemical states may indeed disappear, particles cannot, unless such\ndegradation happens physically and should thus be accounted for explicitly.\nHere, we introduce a simple, yet general idea that allows one to derive the\nappropriate boundary conditions self-consistently from the chemical reaction\nscheme and the geometry of the physical reaction boundaries. As an\nillustration, we consider two paradigmatic examples, where the known results\nare recovered by taking specific physical limits. More generally, we\ndemonstrate that our mathematical analysis delivers physical insight that\ncannot be accessed through standard treatments.",
        "positive": "Criticality in spreading processes without time-scale separation and the\n  critical brain hypothesis: Spreading processes on networks are ubiquitous in both human-made and natural\nsystems. Understanding their behavior is of broad interest; from the control of\nepidemics to understanding brain dynamics. While in some cases there exists a\nclear separation of time scales between the propagation of a single spreading\ncascade and the initiation of the next -- such that spreading can be modelled\nas directed percolation or a branching process -- there are also processes for\nwhich this is not the case, such as zoonotic diseases or spiking cascades in\nneural networks. For a large class of relevant network topologies, we show here\nthat in such a scenario the nature of the overall spreading fundamentally\nchanges. This change manifests itself in a transition between different\nuniversality classes of critical spreading, which determines the onset and the\nproperties of an avalanche turning epidemic or neural activity turning\nepileptic, for example. We present analytical results in the mean-field limit\ngiving the critical line along which scale-free spreading behaviour can be\nobserved. The two limits of this critical line correspond to the universality\nclasses of directed and undirected percolation, respectively. Outside these two\nlimits, this duality manifests itself in the appearance of critical exponents\nfrom the universality classes of both directed and undirected percolation. We\nfind that the transition between these exponents is governed by a competition\nbetween merging and propagation of activity, and identify an appropriate\nscaling relationship for the transition point. Finally, we show that commonly\nused measures, such as the branching ratio and dynamic susceptibility, fail to\nestablish criticality in the absence of time-scale separation calling for a\nreanalysis of criticality in the brain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slow dynamics due to entropic barriers in the one-dimensional `descent\n  model': We propose a novel one-dimensional simple model without disorder exhibiting\nslow dynamics and aging at the zero temperature limit. This slow dynamics is\ndue to entropic barriers. We exactly solve the statics of the model. We derive\nan evolution equation for the slow modes of the dynamics which are responsible\nfor the aging. This equation is equivalent to a random walker on the energetic\nlandscape. This latter elementary model can be solved analytically up to some\nbasic approximations and is eventually shown to present aging by itself, as\nwell as a slow logarithmic relaxation of the energy: e(t) ~ 1/ln(t) at large t.",
        "positive": "Incorporating Dynamic Mean-Field Theory into Diagrammatic Monte Carlo: The bold diagrammatic Monte Carlo (BDMC) method performs an unbiased sampling\nof Feynman's diagrammatic series using skeleton diagrams. For lattice models\nthe efficiency of BDMC can be dramatically improved by incorporating dynamic\nmean-field theory (DMFT) solutions into renormalized propagators. From the DMFT\nperspective, combining it with BDCM leads to an unbiased method with\nwell-defined accuracy. We illustrate the power of this approach by computing\nthe single-particle propagator (and thus the density of states) in the\nnon-perturbative regime of the Anderson localization problem, where a gain of\nthe order of $10^4$ is achieved with respect to conventional BDMC in terms of\nconvergence to the exact answer."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collisionless and hydrodynamic excitations of trapped boson-fermion\n  mixtures: Within a scaling ansatz formalism plus Thomas-Fermi approximation, we\ninvestigate the collective excitations of a harmonically trapped boson-fermion\nmixture in the collisionless and hydrodynamic limit at low temperature. Both\nthe monopole and quadrupole modes are considered in the presence of spherical\nas well as cylindrically symmetric traps. In the spherical traps, the frequency\nof monopole mode coincides in the collisionless and hydrodynamic regime,\nsuggesting that it might be undamped in all collisional regimes. In contrast,\nfor the quadrupole mode, the frequency differs largely in these two limits. In\nparticular, we find that in the hydrodynamic regime the quadrupole oscillations\nwith equal bosonic and fermionic amplitudes generate an exact eigenstate of the\nsystem, regardless of the boson-fermion interaction. This resembles the Kohn\nmode for the dipole excitation. We discuss in some detail the behavior of\nmonopole and quadrupole modes as a function of boson-fermion coupling at\ndifferent boson-boson interaction strength. Analytic solutions valid at weak\nand medium fermion-boson coupling are also derived and discussed.",
        "positive": "Reaction-subdiffusion and reaction-superdiffusion equations for\n  evanescent particles performing continuous time random walks: Starting from a continuous time random walk (CTRW) model of particles that\nmay evanesce as they walk, our goal is to arrive at macroscopic\nintegro-differential equations for the probability density for a particle to be\nfound at point r at time t given that it started its walk from r_0 at time t=0.\nThe passage from the CTRW to an integro-differential equation is well\nunderstood when the particles are not evanescent. Depending on the distribution\nof stepping times and distances, one arrives at standard macroscopic equations\nthat may be \"normal\" (diffusion) or \"anomalous\" (subdiffusion and/or\nsuperdiffusion). The macroscopic description becomes considerably more\ncomplicated and not particularly intuitive if the particles can die during\ntheir walk. While such equations have been derived for specific cases, e.g.,\nfor location-independent exponential evanescence, we present a more general\nderivation valid under less stringent constraints than those found in the\ncurrent literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local Detailed Balance : A Microscopic Derivation: Thermal contact is the archetype of non-equilibrium processes driven by\nconstant non-equilibrium constraints when the latter are enforced by reservoirs\nexchanging conserved microscopic quantities. At a mesoscopic scale only the\nenergies of the macroscopic bodies are accessible together with the\nconfigurations of the contact system. We consider a class of models where the\ncontact system, as well as macroscopic bodies, have a finite number of possible\nconfigurations. The global system with only discrete degrees of freedom has no\nmicroscopic Hamiltonian dynamics, but it is shown that, if the microscopic\ndynamics is assumed to be deterministic and ergodic and to conserve energy\naccording to some specific pattern, and if the mesoscopic evolution of the\nglobal system is approximated by a Markov process as closely as possible, then\nthe mesoscopic transition rates obey three constraints. In the limit where\nmacroscopic bodies can be considered as reservoirs at thermodynamic equilibrium\n(but with different intensive parameters) the mesoscopic transition rates turn\ninto transition rates for the contact system and the third constraint becomes\nlocal detailed balance ; the latter is generically expressed in terms of the\nmicroscopic exchange entropy variation, namely the opposite of the variation of\nthe thermodynamic entropy of the reservoir involved in a given microscopic jump\nof the contact system configuration. For a finite-time evolution after contact\nhas been switched on we derive a fluctuation relation for the joint probability\nof the heat amounts received from the various reservoirs. The generalization to\nsystems exchanging energy, volume and matter with several reservoirs, with a\npossible conservative external force acting on the contact system, is given\nexplicitly.",
        "positive": "A Novel Exact Representation of Stationary Colored Gaussian Processes\n  (Fractional Differential Approach): A novel representation of functions, called generalized Taylor form, is\napplied to the filtering of white noise processes. It is shown that every\nGaussian colored noise can be expressed as the output of a set of linear\nfractional stochastic differential equation whose solution is a weighted sum of\nfractional Brownian motions. The exact form of the weighting coefficients is\ngiven and it is shown that it is related to the fractional moments of the\ntarget spectral density of the colored noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum diffusion: a simple, exactly solvable model: We propose a simple quantum mechanical model describing the time dependent\ndiffusion current between two fermion reservoirs that were initially\ndisconnected and characterized by different densities or chemical potentials.\nThe exact, analytical solution of the model yields the transient behavior of\nthe coupled fermion systems evolving to a final steady state, whereas the\nlong-time behavior is determined by a power law rather than by exponential\ndecay. Similar results are obtained for the entropy production which is\nproportional to the diffusion current.",
        "positive": "Initial state dependence of the quench dynamics in integrable quantum\n  systems. III. Chaotic states: We study sudden quantum quenches in which the initial states are selected to\nbe either eigenstates of an integrable Hamiltonian that is nonmappable to a\nnoninteracting one or a nonintegrable Hamiltonian, while the Hamiltonian after\nthe quench is always integrable and mappable to a noninteracting one. By\nstudying weighted energy densities and entropies, we show that quenches\nstarting from nonintegrable (chaotic) eigenstates lead to an \"ergodic\" sampling\nof the eigenstates of the final Hamiltonian, while those starting from the\nintegrable eigenstates do not (or at least it is not apparent for the system\nsizes accessible to us). This goes in parallel with the fact that the\ndistribution of conserved quantities in the initial states is thermal in the\nnonintegrable cases and nonthermal in the integrable ones, and means that, in\ngeneral, thermalization occurs in integrable systems when the quench starts\nform an eigenstate of a nonintegrable Hamiltonian (away from the edges of the\nspectrum), while it fails (or requires larger system sizes than those studied\nhere to become apparent) for quenches starting at integrable points. We test\nthose conclusions by studying the momentum distribution function of hard-core\nbosons after a quench."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasi-universality in mixed counterions systems: The screening of plate-plate interactions by counterions is an age-old\nproblem. We revisit this classic question when counterions exhibit a\ndistribution of charges. While it is expected that the long-distance regime of\ninteractions is universal, the behaviour of the inter-plate pressure at smaller\ndistances should a priori depend rather severely on the nature of the ionic\nmixture screening the plate charges. We show that is not the case, and that for\ncomparable Coulombic couplings, different systems exhibit a quasi-universal\nequation of state.",
        "positive": "Generalized Fokker-Planck equation and its solution for linear\n  non-Markovian Gaussian systems: In this paper we suggest a consistent approach to derivation of generalized\nFokker-Planck equation (GFPE) for Gaussian non-Markovian processes with\nstationary increments. This approach allows us to construct the probability\ndensity function (PDF) without a need to solve the GFPE. We employ our method\nto obtain the GFPE and PDFs for free generalized Brownian motion and the one in\nharmonic potential for the case of power-law correlation function of the noise.\nWe prove the fact that the considered systems may be described with\nEinstein-Smoluchowski equation at high viscosity levels and long times. We also\ncompare the results with those obtained by other authors. At last, we calculate\nPDF of thermodynamical work in the stochastic system which consists of a\nparticle embedded in a harmonic potential moving with constant velocity, and\ncheck the work fluctuation theorem for such a system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Active L\u00e9vy Matter: Anomalous Diffusion, Hydrodynamics and Linear\n  Stability: Anomalous diffusion, manifest as a nonlinear temporal evolution of the\nposition mean square displacement, and/or non-Gaussian features of the position\nstatistics, is prevalent in biological transport processes. Likewise,\ncollective behavior is often observed to emerge spontaneously from the mutual\ninteractions between constituent motile units in biological systems. Examples\nwhere these phenomena can be observed simultaneously have been identified in\nrecent experiments on bird flocks, fish schools and bacterial swarms. These\nresults pose an intriguing question, which cannot be resolved by existing\ntheories of active matter: How is the collective motion of these systems\naffected by the anomalous diffusion of the constituent units? Here, we answer\nthis question for a microscopic model of active L\\'evy matter -- a collection\nof active particles that perform superdiffusion akin to a L\\'evy flight and\ninteract by promoting polar alignment of their orientations. We present in\ndetails the derivation of the hydrodynamic equations of motion of the model,\nobtain from these equations the criteria for a disordered or ordered state, and\napply linear stability analysis on these states at the onset of collective\nmotion. Our analysis reveals that the disorder-order phase transition in active\nL\\'evy matter is critical, in contrast to ordinary active fluids where the\nphase transition is, instead, first-order. Correspondingly, we estimate the\ncritical exponents of the transition by finite size scaling analysis and use\nthese numerical estimates to relate our findings to known universality classes.\nThese results highlight the novel physics exhibited by active matter\nintegrating both anomalous diffusive single-particle motility and\ninter-particle interactions.",
        "positive": "Premium Forecasting of an Insurance Company: Automobile Insurance: We present an analytical study of an insurance company. We model the\ncompany's performance on a statistical basis and evaluate the predicted annual\nincome of the company in terms of insurance parameters namely the premium,\ntotal number of the insured, average loss claims etc. We restrict ourselves to\na single insurance class the so-called automobile insurance. We show the\nexistence a crossover premium p_c below which the company is loss-making. Above\np_c, we also give detailed statistical analysis of the company's financial\nstatus and obtain the predicted profit along with the corresponding risk as\nwell as ruin probability in terms of premium. Furthermore we obtain the optimal\npremium p_{opt} which maximizes the company's profit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalies in the specific heat of a free damped particle: The role of\n  the cutoff in the spectral density of the coupling: The properties of a dissipative system depend on the spectral density of the\ncoupling to the environment. Mostly, the dependence on the low-frequency\nbehavior is in the focus of interest. However, in order to avoid divergencies,\nit is also necessary to suppress the spectral density of the coupling at high\nfrequencies. Interestingly, the very existence of this cutoff may lead to a\nmass renormalization which can have drastic consequences for the thermodynamic\nproperties of the dissipative system. Here, we explore the role which the\ncutoff in the spectral density of the coupling plays for a free damped particle\nand we compare the effect of an algebraic cutoff with that of a sharp cutoff.",
        "positive": "$\u03ba$-generalization of Stirling approximation and multinominal\n  coefficients: Stirling approximation of the factorials and multinominal coefficients are\ngeneralized based on the one-parameter ($\\kappa$) deformed functions introduced\nby Kaniadakis [Phys. Rev. E \\textbf{66} (2002) 056125]. We have obtained the\nrelation between the $\\kappa$-generalized multinominal coefficients and the\n$\\kappa$-entropy by introducing a new $\\kappa$-product operation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The effect of the heating rate on the order to order phase transition: The simple cubic spin-1 Ising (BEG) model exhibits the ferromagnetic (F) -\nferromagnetic (F) phase transition at low temperature region for the interval\n1.40<d=D/J<1.48 at k=K/J=-0.5. The degree of the F-F phase transtion determines\nthe special point on the (kT/J, d) phase diagram In this paper, the critical\nbehavior of the ferromagnetic (F) - ferromagnetic (F) phase transition has been\ninvestigated for different heating rates using the cellular automaton (CA)\nheating algorithm. The variations with heating rate for the F-F phase\ntransition order are quite important at the creation of phase diagrams.\nTherefore, the universality class and the type of ferromagnetic (F) -\nferromagnetic (F) phase transition have been researched using the finite - size\nscaling theory, the power law relations and the probability distributions. The\nresults show that the F-F phase transition can be the second order, the first\norder or the weak first order depending on the heating rate in the interval\n1.40<d<1.48 for k=-0.5.",
        "positive": "Phase transition of meshwork models for spherical membranes: We have studied two types of meshwork models by using the canonical Monte\nCarlo simulation technique. The first meshwork model has elastic junctions,\nwhich are composed of vertices, bonds, and triangles, while the second model\nhas rigid junctions, which are hexagonal (or pentagonal) rigid plates.\nTwo-dimensional elasticity is assumed only at the elastic junctions in the\nfirst model, and no two-dimensional bending elasticity is assumed in the second\nmodel. Both of the meshworks are of spherical topology. We find that both\nmodels undergo a first-order collapsing transition between the smooth spherical\nphase and the collapsed phase. The Hausdorff dimension of the smooth phase is\nH\\simeq 2 in both models as expected. It is also found that H\\simeq 2 in the\ncollapsed phase of the second model, and that H is relatively larger than 2 in\nthe collapsed phase of the first model, but it remains in the physical bound,\ni.e., H<3. Moreover, the first model undergoes a discontinuous surface\nfluctuation transition at the same transition point as that of the collapsing\ntransition, while the second model undergoes a continuous transition of surface\nfluctuation. This indicates that the phase structure of the meshwork model is\nweakly dependent on the elasticity at the junctions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact quantum numbers of collapsed and non-collapsed 2-string solutions\n  in the Heisenberg spin chain: Every solution of the Bethe-ansatz equations (BAE) is characterized by a set\nof quantum numbers, by which we can evaluate it numerically. However, no\ngeneral rule is known how to give quantum numbers for the physical solutions of\nBAE. For the spin-1/2 XXX chain we rigorously derive all the quantum numbers\nfor the complete set of the Bethe-ansatz eigenvectors in the two down-spin\nsector with any chain length $N$. Here we obtain them both for real and complex\nsolutions. Consequently, we prove the completeness of the Bethe ansatz and give\nan exact expression for the number of real solutions which correspond to\ncollapsed bound-state solutions (i.e., 2-string solutions) in the sector: $2[\n(N-1)/2 - (N/\\pi) \\tan^{-1}(\\sqrt{N-1})]$ in terms of Gauss' symbol. Moreover,\nwe prove in the sector the scheme conjectured by Takahashi for solving BAE\nsystematically. We also suggest that by applying the present method we can\nderive the quantum numbers for the spin-1/2 XXZ chain.",
        "positive": "Information transport in classical statistical systems: For \"static memory materials\" the bulk properties depend on boundary\nconditions. Such materials can be realized by classical statistical systems\nwhich admit no unique equilibrium state. We describe the propagation of\ninformation from the boundary to the bulk by classical wave functions. The\ndependence of wave functions on the location of hypersurfaces in the bulk is\ngoverned by a linear evolution equation that can be viewed as a generalized\nSchr\\\"odinger equation. Classical wave functions obey the superposition\nprinciple, with local probabilities realized as bilinears of wave functions.\nFor static memory materials the evolution within a subsector is unitary, as\ncharacteristic for the time evolution in quantum mechanics. The\nspace-dependence in static memory materials can be used as an analogue\nrepresentation of the time evolution in quantum mechanics - such materials are\n\"quantum simulators\". For example, an asymmetric Ising model on a Euclidean\ntwo-dimensional lattice represents the time evolution of free relativistic\nfermions in two-dimensional Minkowski space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From Kardar-Parisi-Zhang scaling to explosive desynchronization in\n  arrays of limit-cycle oscillators: We study the synchronization physics of 1D and 2D oscillator lattices subject\nto noise and predict a dynamical transition that leads to a sudden drastic\nincrease of phase diffusion. Our analysis is based on the widely applicable\nKuramoto-Sakaguchi model, with local couplings between oscillators. For smooth\nphase fields, the time evolution can initially be described by a surface growth\nmodel, the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) theory. We delineate the regime in which\none can indeed observe the universal KPZ scaling in 1D lattices. For larger\ncouplings, both in 1D and 2D, we observe a stochastic dynamical instability\nthat is linked to an apparent finite-time singularity in a related KPZ lattice\nmodel. This has direct consequences for the frequency stability of coupled\noscillator lattices, and it precludes the observation of non-Gaussian\nKPZ-scaling in 2D lattices.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Resonance in Periodic Potentials: The phenomenon of stochastic resonance (SR) is known to occur mostly in\nbistable systems. However, the question of occurrence of SR in periodic\npotential systems is not conclusively resolved. Our present numerical work\nshows that the periodic potential system indeed exhibits SR in the high\nfrequency regime, where the linear response theory yields maximum frequency\ndependent mobility as a function of noise strength. The existence of two (and\nonly two) distinct dynamical states of trajectories in this moderately\nfeebly-damped periodically driven noisy periodic potential system plays an\nimportant role in the occurrence of SR."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Volume Rule in the Random Packing Ratio: The study on the relationship between the spheres and voids in packing system\nsuggests that the edge effect at the interface between the container and the\nparticles is an important factor lowering the packing ratio. To pack spheres in\na container with high packing ratio, an optimized sphere size and an optimized\nsequence of sphere sizes exist for the packing of single-sized and multi-sized\nspheres, respectively. We suggest that the concepts of volume and contact\nshould be clearly defined for the packing problem in specific scale.",
        "positive": "Work probability distribution in systems driven out of equilibrium: We derive the differential equation describing the time evolution of the work\nprobability distribution function of a stochastic system which is driven out of\nequilibrium by the manipulation of a parameter. We consider both systems\ndescribed by their microscopic state or by a collective variable which\nidentifies a quasiequilibrium state. We show that the work probability\ndistribution can be represented by a path integral, which is dominated by\n``classical'' paths in the large system size limit. We compare these results\nwith simulated manipulation of mean-field systems. We discuss the range of\napplicability of the Jarzynski equality for evaluating the system free energy\nusing these out-of-equilibrium manipulations. Large fluctuations in the work\nand the shape of the work distribution tails are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Charge and Current Sum Rules in Quantum Media Coupled to Radiation: This paper concerns the equilibrium bulk charge and current density\ncorrelation functions in quantum media, conductors and dielectrics, fully\ncoupled to the radiation (the retarded regime). A sequence of static and\ntime-dependent sum rules, which fix the values of certain moments of the charge\nand current density correlation functions, is obtained by using Rytov's\nfluctuational electrodynamics. A technique is developed to extract the\nclassical and purely quantum-mechanical parts of these sum rules. The sum rules\nare critically tested in the classical limit and on the jellium model. A\ncomparison is made with microscopic approaches to systems of particles\ninteracting through Coulomb forces only (the non-retarded regime). In contrast\nwith microscopic results, the current-current correlation function is found to\nbe integrable in space, in both classical and quantum regimes.",
        "positive": "Anomalous diffusion: A basic mechanism for the evolution of\n  inhomogeneous systems: In this article we review classical and recent results in anomalous diffusion\nand provide mechanisms useful for the study of the fundamentals of certain\nprocesses, mainly in condensed matter physics, chemistry and biology. Emphasis\nwill be given to some methods applied in the analysis and characterization of\ndiffusive regimes through the memory function, the mixing condition (or\nirreversibility), and ergodicity. Those methods can be used in the study of\nsmall-scale systems, ranging in size from single-molecule to particle clusters\nand including among others polymers, proteins, ion channels and biological\ncells, whose diffusive properties have received much attention lately."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Note on Phase Space Contraction and Entropy Production in Thermostatted\n  Hamiltonian Systems: The phase space contraction and the entropy production rates of Hamiltonian\nsystems in an external field, thermostatted to obtain a stationary state are\nconsidered. While for stationary states with a constant kinetic energy the two\nrates are formally equal for all numbers of particles N, for stationary states\nwith constant total (kinetic and potential) energy this only obtains for large\nN. However, in both cases a large number of particles is required to obtain\nequality with the entropy production rate of Irreversible Thermodynamics.\nConsequences of this for the positivity of the transport coefficients and for\nthe Onsager relations are discussed. Numerical results are presented for the\nspecial case of the Lorentz gas.",
        "positive": "The Frustration of being Odd: Universal Area Law violation in local\n  systems: At the core of every frustrated system, one can identify the existence of\nfrustrated rings that are usually interpreted in terms of single--particle\nphysics. We check this point of view through a careful analysis of the\nentanglement entropy of both models that admit an exact single--particle\ndecomposition of their Hilbert space due to integrability and those for which\nthe latter is supposed to hold only as a low energy approximation. In\nparticular, we study generic spin chains made by an odd number of sites with\nshort-range antiferromagnetic interactions and periodic boundary conditions,\nthus characterized by a weak, i.e. nonextensive, frustration. While for\ndistances of the order of the correlation length the phenomenology of these\nchains is similar to that of the non-frustrated cases, we find that correlation\nfunctions involving a number of sites scaling like the system size follow\ndifferent rules. We quantify the long-range correlations through the von\nNeumann entanglement entropy, finding that indeed it violates the area law,\nwhile not diverging with the system size. This behavior is well fitted by a\nuniversal law that we derive from the conjectured single--particle picture."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin Glasses: Old and New Complexity: Spin glasses are disordered magnetic systems that exhibit a variety of\nproperties that are characteristic of complex systems. After a brief review of\nbasic spin glass concepts, their use in areas such as computer science,\nbiology, and other fields will be explored. This use and its underlying basis\nwill be termed old complexity. Newer concepts and ideas flowing from more\nrecent studies of spin glasses will then be discussed, leading to a proposal\nfor a kind of new complexity.",
        "positive": "Simultaneous first and second order percolation transitions in\n  interdependent networks: In a system of interdependent networks, an initial failure of nodes invokes a\ncascade of iterative failures that may lead to a total collapse of the whole\nsystem in a form of an abrupt first order transition. When the fraction of\ninitial failed nodes $1-p$ reaches criticality, $p=p_c$, the abrupt collapse\noccurs by spontaneous cascading failures. At this stage, the giant component\ndecreases slowly in a plateau form and the number of iterations in the cascade,\n$\\tau$, diverges. The origin of this plateau and its increasing with the size\nof the system remained unclear. Here we find that simultaneously with the\nabrupt first order transition a spontaneous second order percolation occurs\nduring the cascade of iterative failures. This sheds light on the origin of the\nplateau and on how its length scales with the size of the system. Understanding\nthe critical nature of the dynamical process of cascading failures may be\nuseful for designing strategies for preventing and mitigating catastrophic\ncollapses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superdiffusion in Decoupled Continuous Time Random Walks: Continuous time random walk models with decoupled waiting time density are\nstudied. When the spatial one jump probability density belongs to the Levy\ndistribution type and the total time transition is exponential a generalized\nsuperdiffusive regime is established. This is verified by showing that the\nsquare width of the probability distribution (appropriately defined)grows as\n$t^{2/\\gamma}$ with $0<\\gamma\\leq2$ when $t\\to \\infty$. An important connection\nof our results and those of Tsallis' nonextensive statistics is shown. The\nnormalized q-expectation value of $x^2$ calculated with the corresponding\nprobability distribution behaves exactly as $t^{2/\\gamma}$ in the asymptotic\nlimit.",
        "positive": "Experimental X-Ray Studies of Liquid Surfaces: Over the past two decades synchrotron facilities dedicated to the generation\nof x-rays for study of atoms, molecules and condensed matter have proliferated\nall over the world. As a result of the special properties of x-rays produced by\nthese machines, there has been an enormous growth in the experimental\npossibilities. In this work we will demonstrate how these special properties\ncan be used to carry out hitherto impossible measurements of the Angstrom level\nstructure of the free surfaces of liquids. We demonstrate that surface\nstructure of liquids is often different from that of the bulk.\n  A large part of this thesis is devoted to surface-induced atomic or molecular\nlayering phenomenon in metallic and dielectric liquids. In Chapters 1 through\n10 we describe surface features of high-surface tension metals (Ga, In, Hg,\nSn), as well as alkali metals (K, KNa) and water. The second part of the thesis\n(Chapters 11 through 16) is devoted to surface of binary metallic alloys (GaIn,\nHgAu, KNa, BiIn and GaBi), investigating a wide range of surface phenomena such\nas Gibbs adsorption and the tetra-point nanoscale wetting."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multi-velocity and multi-temperature model of the mixture of polyatomic\n  gases issuing from kinetic theory: In this paper, we consider Euler-like balance laws for mixture components\nthat involve macroscopic velocities and temperatures for each different\nspecies. These laws are not conservative due to mutual interaction between\nspecies. In particular, source terms that describe the rate of change of\nmomentum and energy of the constituents appear. These source terms are computed\nwith the help of kinetic theory for mixtures of polyatomic gases. Moreover, if\nwe restrict the attention to processes which occur in the neighborhood of the\naverage velocity and temperature of the mixture, the phenomenological\ncoefficients of extended thermodynamics can be determined from the computed\nsource terms.",
        "positive": "Existence of the magnetization plateau in a class of exactly solvable\n  Ising-Heisenberg chains: The mapping transformation technique is applied to obtain exact results for\nthe spin-1/2 and spin-S (S=1/2,1) Ising-Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain in\nthe presence of an external magnetic field. Within this scheme, a field-induced\nfirst-order metamagnetic transition resulting in multiplateau magnetization\ncurves, is investigated in detail. It is found that the scenario of the plateau\nformation depends fundamentally on the ratio between Ising and Heisenbrg\ninteraction constants, as well as on the anisotropy strength of the XXZ\nHeisenberg interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-Organized States in Cellular Automata: Exact Solution: The spatial structure, fluctuations as well as all state probabilities of\nself-organized (steady) states of cellular automata can be found (almost)\nexactly and {\\em explicitly} from their Markovian dynamics. The method is shown\non an example of a natural sand pile model with a gradient threshold.",
        "positive": "An exactly solvable ansatz for statistical mechanics models: We propose a family of \"exactly solvable\" probability distributions to\napproximate partition functions of two-dimensional statistical mechanics\nmodels. While these distributions lie strictly outside the mean-field\nframework, their free energies can be computed in a time that scales linearly\nwith the system size. This construction is based on a simple but nontrivial\nsolution to the marginal problem. We formulate two non-linear constraints on\nthe set of locally consistent marginal probabilities that simultaneously (i)\nensure the existence of a consistent global probability distribution and (ii)\nlead to an exact expression for the maximum global entropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Repeated bond traversal probabilities for the simple random walk: We consider the average number B_m(t) of bonds traversed exactly m times by a\nt step simple random walk. We determine B_m(t) explicitly in the scaling limit\nt -> oo with m/sqrt(t) fixed in dimension d=1 and m/log(t) fixed in dimension\nd=2. The scaling function is an erfc in d=1 and an exponential in d=2.",
        "positive": "Nonergodic subdiffusion from transient interactions with heterogeneous\n  partners: Spatiotemporal disorder has been recently associated to the occurrence of\nanomalous nonergodic diffusion of molecular components in biological systems,\nbut the underlying microscopic mechanism is still unclear. We introduce a model\nin which a particle performs continuous Brownian motion with changes of\ndiffusion coefficients induced by transient molecular interactions with\ndiffusive binding partners. In spite of the exponential distribution of waiting\ntimes, the model shows subdiffusion and nonergodicity similar to the\nheavy-tailed continuous time random walk. The dependence of these properties on\nthe density of binding partners is analyzed and discussed. Our work provide an\nexperimentally-testable microscopic model to investigate the nature of\nnonergodicity in disordered media."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic transitions and hysteresis: When an interacting many-body system, such as a magnet, is driven in time by\nan external perturbation, such as a magnetic field,the system cannot respond\ninstantaneously due to relaxational delay. The response of such a system under\na time-dependent field leads to many novel physical phenomena with intriguing\nphysics and important technological applications. For oscillating fields, one\nobtains hysteresis that would not occur under quasistatic conditions in the\npresence of thermal fluctuations. Under some extreme conditions of the driving\nfield, one can also obtain a non-zero average value of the variable undergoing\nsuch dynamic hysteresis. This non-zero value indicates a breaking of symmetry\nof the hysteresis loop, around the origin. Such a transition to the\nspontaneously broken symmetric phase occurs dynamically when the driving\nfrequency of the field increases beyond its threshold value which depends on\nthe field amplitude and the temperature. Similar dynamic transitions also occur\nfor pulsed and stochastically varying fields. We present an overview of the\nongoing researches in this not-so-old field of dynamic hysteresis and\ntransitions.",
        "positive": "Large Lattice Fractional Fokker-Planck Equation: Equation of long-range particle drift and diffusion on three-dimensional\nphysical lattice is suggested. This equation can be considered as a lattice\nanalogof space-fractional Fokker-Planck equation for continuum. The lattice\napproach gives a possible microstructural basis for anomalous diffusion in\nmedia that are characterized by the non-locality of power-law type. In\ncontinuum limit the suggested three-dimensional lattice Fokker-Planck equations\ngive fractional Fokker-Planck equations for continuous media with power-law\nnon-locality that is described by derivatives of non-integer orders. The\nconsistent derivation of the fractional Fokker-Planck equation is proposed as a\nnew basis to describe space-fractional diffusion processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Delayed feedback control of active particles: a controlled journey\n  towards the destination: We explore theoretically the navigation of an active particle based on\ndelayed feedback control. The delayed feedback enters in our expression for the\nparticle orientation which, for an active particle, determines (up to noise)\nthe direction of motion in the next time step. Here we estimate the orientation\nby comparing the delayed position of the particle with the actual one. This\nmethod does not require any real-time monitoring of the particle orientation\nand may thus be relevant also for controlling sub-micron sized particles, where\nthe imaging process is not easily feasible. We apply the delayed feedback\nstrategy to two experimentally relevant situations, namely, optical trapping\nand photon nudging. To investigate the performance of our strategy, we\ncalculate the mean arrival time analytically (exploiting a small-delay\napproximation) and by simulations.",
        "positive": "Relaxation of Femtosecond Non-equilibrium Electrons in a Metallic Sample: A model calculation is given for the energy relaxation of a non-equilibrium\ndistribution of hot electrons prepared in a metallic sample that has been\nsubjected to homogeneous photo-excitation by a femtosecond laser pulse. The\nmodel assumes that the delta pulse photoexcitation creates two interpenetrating\nelectronic subsystems, initially comprising a dilute energy-wise higher-lying\nnon-degenerate hot electron subsystem, and a relatively dense, lower-lying\nelectron subsystem which is degenerate. In the femtosecond time regime the\nrelaxation process is taken to be dominated by the electron-(multi) phonon\ninteraction, resulting in a quasi-continuous electron energy loss to the phonon\nbath. The kinetic model is given for this time regime, beacuse in this time\nregime the usual Two Temperature model is not applicable. The Two Temperature\nmodel assumes that the hot electrons and phonons are in their respective\nequilibrium states (Fermi and Bose) but at a different temperatures. One uses\nthe Bloch-Boltzmann-Peierls transport formula to calculate the energy transfer\nrate. In the present Kinetic model a novel physical feature of slowing down\n(due to Fermionic blocking of interaction phase space) of electron-phonon\nrelaxation mechanism near the Fermi energy of degenerate electronic subsystem\nis considered. This leads to a peaking of the calculated hot electron\ndistribution at the Fermi energy. This feature, as well as the entire evolution\nof the hot electron distribution, may be time-resolved by a femto-second\npump-probe study."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover from string to cluster dynamics following a field quench in\n  spin ice: We investigate quench dynamics of spin ice after removal of a strong magnetic\nfield along the [100] crystal direction, using Monte Carlo simulations and\ntheoretical arguments. We show how the early-time relaxation of the\nmagnetization can be understood in terms of nucleation and growth of strings of\nflipped spins, in agreement with an effective stochastic model that we\nintroduce and solve analytically. We demonstrate a crossover at longer times to\na regime dominated by approximately isotropic clusters, which we characterize\nin terms of their morphology, and present evidence for a percolation transition\nas a function of magnetization.",
        "positive": "Soft versus Hard Dynamics for Field-driven Solid-on-Solid Interfaces: Analytical arguments and dynamic Monte Carlo simulations show that the\nmicrostructure of field-driven Solid-on-Solid interfaces depends strongly on\nthe dynamics. For nonconservative dynamics with transition rates that factorize\ninto parts dependent only on the changes in interaction energy and field\nenergy, respectively (soft dynamics), the intrinsic interface width is\nfield-independent. For non-factorizing rates, such as the standard Glauber and\nMetropolis algorithms (hard dynamics), it increases with the field.\nConsequences for the interface velocity and its anisotropy are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Order-disorder transition in a model with two symmetric absorbing states: We study a model of two-dimensional interacting monomers which has two\nsymmetric absorbing states and exhibits two kinds of phase transition; one is\nan order-disorder transition and the other is an absorbing phase transition.\nOur focus is around the order-disorder transition, and we investigate whether\nthis transition is described by the critical exponents of the two-dimensional\nIsing model. By analyzing the relaxation dynamics of \"staggered magnetization,\"\nthe finite-size scaling, and the behavior of the magnetization in the presence\nof a symmetry-breaking field, we show that this model should belong to the\nIsing universality class. Our results along with the universality hypothesis\nsupport the idea that the order-disorder transition in two-dimensional models\nwith two symmetric absorbing states is of the Ising universality class,\ncontrary to the recent claim [K. Nam et al., J. Stat. Mech.: Theory Exp. (2011)\nL06001]. Furthermore, we illustrate that the Binder cumulant could be a\nmisleading guide to the critical point in these systems.",
        "positive": "Numerical calculation of the combinatorial entropy of partially ordered\n  ice: Using a one-parameter case as an example, we demonstrate that multicanonical\nsimulations allow for accurate estimates of the residual combinatorial entropy\nof partially ordered ice. For the considered case corrections to an\n(approximate) analytical formula are found to be small, never exceeding 0.5%.\nThe method allows one as well to calculate combinatorial entropies for many\nother systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inhomogeneous quenches in a fermionic chain: exact results: We consider the non-equilibrium physics induced by joining together two tight\nbinding fermionic chains to form a single chain. Before being joined, each\nchain is in a many-fermion ground state. The fillings (densities) in the two\nchains might be the same or different. We present a number of exact results for\nthe correlation functions in the non-interacting case. We present a short-time\nexpansion, which can sometimes be fully resummed, and which reproduces the\nso-called `light cone' effect or wavefront behavior of the correlators. For\nlarge times, we show how all interesting physical regimes may be obtained by\nstationary phase approximation techniques. In particular, we derive\nsemiclassical formulas in the case when both time and positions are large, and\nshow that these are exact in the thermodynamic limit. We present subleading\ncorrections to the large-time behavior, including the corrections near the\nedges of the wavefront. We also provide results for the return probability or\nLoschmidt echo. In the maximally inhomogeneous limit, we prove that it is\nexactly gaussian at all times. The effects of interactions on the Loschmidt\necho are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Magnetization Plateaus in a Solvable 3-Leg Spin Ladder: We present a solvable ladder model which displays magnetization plateaus at\nfractional values of the total magnetization. Plateau signatures are also shown\nto exist along special lines. The model has isotropic Heisenberg interactions\nwith additional many-body terms. The phase diagram can be calculated exactly\nfor all values of the rung coupling and the magnetic field. We also derive the\nanomalous behaviour of the susceptibility near the plateau boundaries. There is\ngood agreement with the phase diagram obtained recently for the pure Heisenberg\nladders by numerical and perturbative techniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The effect of uniaxial crystal-field anisotropy on magnetic properties\n  of the superexchange antiferromagnetic Ising model: The generalized Fisher super-exchange antiferromagnetic model with uniaxial\ncrystal-field anisotropy is exactly investigated using an extended mapping\ntechnique. An exact relation between partition function of the studied system\nand that one of the standard zero-field spin-1/2 Ising model on the\ncorresponding lattice is obtained applying the decoration-iteration\ntransformation. Consequently, exact results for all physical quantities are\nderived for arbitrary spin values S of decorating atoms. Particular attention\nis paid to the investigation of the effect of crystal-field anisotropy and\nexternal longitudinal magnetic field on magnetic properties of the system under\ninvestigation. The most interesting numerical results for ground-state and\nfinite-temperature phase diagrams, thermal dependences of the sublattice\nmagnetization and other thermodynamic quantities are discussed.",
        "positive": "Does Stochastic Disorder Conform to Configurational Disorder?: In alloy thermodynamics, stochastically disordered state (SDS), where each\nlattice point is stochastically occupied by constituents according to given\ncomposition, is typically referred to investigating physical properties for\nhomogeneously substitutional state: The so-called special quasirandom structure\n(SQS) of a single microscopic structure, that mimics multisite correlation\nfunction for SDS, is amply, widely used for bulk, surface, interface and\nnano-cluster properties. Despite the widely-used concept for SDS, it has not\nbeen clear whether the SDS should conform to configurationally disordered state\n(CDS) for discrete system, i.e., average over all possible configuration. Here\nwe quantitatively discuss the difference between SDS and CDS for multisite\ncorrelation, and show the condition where SDS conforms to CDS. The results show\nthat when practical system size contains below around 100,000 atoms,\ndifferences in multisite correlation between SDS and CDS remains few percent\ndepending on the geometry of lattice as well as of figure, indicating that SQS\nfor subsystem of surface and interface, and for isolated clusters, should be\ncarefully applied to investigate high-temperature properties as CDS."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite temperature equilibrium density profiles of integrable systems in\n  confining potentials: We study the equilibrium density profile of particles in two one-dimensional\nclassical integrable models, namely hard rods and the hyperbolic Calogero\nmodel, placed in confining potentials. For both of these models the\ninter-particle repulsion is strong enough to prevent particle trajectories from\nintersecting. We use field theoretic techniques to compute the density profile\nand their scaling with system size and temperature, and compare them with\nresults from Monte-Carlo simulations. In both cases we find good agreement\nbetween the field theory and simulations. We also consider the case of the Toda\nmodel in which inter-particle repulsion is weak and particle trajectories can\ncross. In this case, we find that a field theoretic description is ill-suited\ndue to the lack of a thermodynamic length scale. The density profiles for the\nToda model obtained from Monte-Carlo simulations can be understood by studying\nthe analytically tractable harmonic chain model (Hessian approximation of the\nToda model). For the harmonic chain model one can derive an exact expression\nfor the density that shines light on some of the qualitative features of the\nToda model in a quadratic trap. Our work provides an analytical approach\ntowards understanding the equilibrium properties for interacting integrable\nsystems in confining traps.",
        "positive": "Ground-state and thermal entanglements in a non-Hermitian XY system with\n  real and imaginary magnetic fields: In this manuscript, we study the non-Hermitian spin-1/2 XY model in the\npresence of the alternating, imaginary and transverse magnetic fields. For the\ntwo-site spin system, we solve exactly the energy spectrum and phase diagram,\nalso calculate the ground-state and thermal entanglements by using the concept\nof the concurrence. It is found that the two-site concurrence in the eigenstate\nwhich only depends on the imaginary magnetic field {\\eta} is always equal to\none in the region of PT symmetry, while it decreases with {\\eta} in the\nPT-symmetric broken region. Especially, the concurrence shows the non-analytic\nbehavior at the exceptional point, and the same is true in the case of the\nbiorthogonal basis, which indicates that the concurrence can characterize the\nphase transition in this non-Hermitian system. The interesting thing is that\n{\\eta} weakens the thermal entanglement when the system is isotropic and\nenhances the entanglement when the system becomes the Ising model. For the\none-dimensional spin chain, the magnetization and entanglement are further\nstudied by using the two-spin cluster mean-field approximation. The results\nshow that their variations have opposite trends with the magnetic fields.\nMoreover, the system exists the first-order quantum phase transitions for some\nanisotropic parameters in the PT-symmetry region, and the entanglement changes\nsuddenly at the quantum phase transition point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of geometry, boundary condition and dynamical rules on the\n  magnetic relaxation of Ising ferromagnet: We have studied the magnetic relaxation behavior of a two-dimensional Ising\nferromagnet by Monte Carlo simulation. Our primary goal is to investigate the\neffects of the system's geometry (area preserving) , boundary conditions, and\ndynamical rules on the relaxation behavior. The Glauber and Metropolis\ndynamical rules have been employed. The systems with periodic and open boundary\nconditions are studied. The major findings are the exponential relaxation and\nthe dependence of relaxation time ($\\tau$) on the aspect ratio $R$ (length over\nbreadth having fixed area). A power law dependence ($\\tau \\sim R^{-s}$) has\nbeen observed for larger values of aspect ratio ($R$). The exponent ($s$) has\nbeen found to depend linearly ($s=aT+b$) on the system's temperature ($T$). The\ntransient behaviours of the spin-flip density have been investigated for both\nsurface and bulk/core. The size dependencies of saturated spin-flip density\nsignificantly differ for the surface and the bulk/core. Both the saturated\nbulk/core and saturated surface spin-flip density was found to follow the\nlogarithmic dependence $f_d = a + b~log(L)$ with the system size. The faster\nrelaxation was observed for open boundary condition with any kind\n(Metropolis/Glauber) of dynamical rule. Similarly, Metropolis algorithm yields\nfaster relaxation for any kind (open/periodic) of boundary condition.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of Forster Energy Migration Across Polymer Chains in Solution: Long distance excitation energy transfer between a donor and an acceptor\nembedded in a polymer chain is usually assumed to occur via the Forster\nmechanism which predicts a 1/R^6 distance dependence of the transfer rate,\nwhere R is the distance between the donor and the acceptor. In solution R\nfluctuates with time. In this work, a Brownian dynamics simulation of a polymer\nchain with Forster enregy transfer between the two ends is carried out and the\ntime dependence of the survival probability S_p(t) is obtained. The latter can\nbe measured by the flourescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique,\nwhich is now widely used to study conformations of biopolymers via the single\nmolecule spectroscopy. It is found that the suvival probability is\nexponential-like when the Forster radius (R_F) is comparable to the root mean\nsquare radius(L) of the polymer chain. The decay is strongly non-exponential\nboth for small and large (R_F), and also for large k_F. Large deviations from\nWilemski-Fixman theory is obtained when R_F is significantly differnet from L."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Overdamped Deterministic Ratchets Driven By Multifrequency Forces: We investigate a dissipative, deterministic ratchet model in the overdamped\nregime driven by a {\\it rectangular force}. Extensive numerical calculations\nare presented in a diagram depicting the drift velocity as a function of a wide\nrange of the driving parameter values. We also present some theoretical\nconsiderations which explain some features of the mentioned diagram. In\nparticular, we proof the existence of regions in the driving parameter space\nwith bounded particle motion possessing zero current. Moreover, we present an\nexplicit analytical expression for the drift velocity in the adiabatic limit.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in the three-state Ising spin-glass model with finite\n  connectivity: The statistical mechanics of a two-state Ising spin-glass model with finite\nrandom connectivity, in which each site is connected to a finite number of\nother sites, is extended in this work within the replica technique to study the\nphase transitions in the three-state Ghatak-Sherrington (or random Blume-Capel)\nmodel of a spin glass with a crystal field term. The replica symmetry ansatz\nfor the order function is expressed in terms of a two-dimensional\neffective-field distribution which is determined numerically by means of a\npopulation dynamics procedure. Phase diagrams are obtained exhibiting phase\nboundaries which have a reentrance with both a continuous and a genuine\nfirst-order transition with a discontinuity in the entropy. This may be seen as\n\"inverse freezing\", which has been studied extensively lately, as a process\neither with or without exchange of latent heat."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unlearnable Games and \"Satisficing'' Decisions: A Simple Model for a\n  Complex World: As a schematic model of the complexity economic agents are confronted with,\nwe introduce the ``SK-game'', a discrete time binary choice model inspired from\nmean-field spin-glasses. We show that even in a completely static environment,\nagents are unable to learn collectively-optimal strategies. This is either\nbecause the learning process gets trapped in a sub-optimal fixed point, or\nbecause learning never converges and leads to a never ending evolution of\nagents intentions. Contrarily to the hope that learning might save the standard\n``rational expectation'' framework in economics, we argue that complex\nsituations are generically unlearnable and agents must do with satisficing\nsolutions, as argued long ago by Herbert Simon (Simon 1955). Only a\ncentralized, omniscient agent endowed with enormous computing power could\nqualify to determine the optimal strategy of all agents. Using a mix of\nanalytical arguments and numerical simulations, we find that (i) long memory of\npast rewards is beneficial to learning whereas over-reaction to recent past is\ndetrimental and leads to cycles or chaos; (ii) increased competition\ndestabilizes fixed points and leads first to chaos and, in the high competition\nlimit, to quasi-cycles; (iii) some amount of randomness in the learning\nprocess, perhaps paradoxically, allows the system to reach better collective\ndecisions; (iv) non-stationary, ``aging'' behaviour spontaneously emerge in a\nlarge swath of parameter space of our complex but static world. On the positive\nside, we find that the learning process allows cooperative systems to\ncoordinate around satisficing solutions with rather high (but markedly\nsub-optimal) average reward. However, hyper-sensitivity to the game parameters\nmakes it impossible to predict ex ante who will be better or worse off in our\nstylized economy.",
        "positive": "Microcanonical ensemble simulation method applied to discrete potential\n  fluids: In this work we extend the applicability of the microcanonical ensemble\nsimulation method, originally proposed to study the Ising model (A. H\\\"uller\nand M. Pleimling, Int. Journal of Modern Physics C, 13, 947 (2002),\narxiv:cond-mat/0110090), to the case of simple fluids. An algorithm is\ndeveloped by measuring the transition rates probabilities between macroscopic\nstates, that has as advantage with respect to conventional Monte Carlo NVT\n(MC-NVT) simulations that a continuous range of temperatures are covered in a\nsingle run. For a given density, this new algorithm provides the inverse\ntemperature, that can be parametrized as a function of the internal energy, and\nthe isochoric heat capacity is then evaluated through a numerical derivative.\nAs an illustrative example we consider a fluid composed of particles\ninteracting via a square-well (SW) pair potential of variable range.\nEquilibrium internal energies and isochoric heat capacities are obtained with\nvery high accuracy compared with data obtained from MC-NVT simulations. These\nresults are important in the context of the application of H\\\"uller-Pleimling\nmethod to discrete-potential systems, that are based on a generalization of the\nSW and Square-Shoulder fluids properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling behaviour of thin films on chemically heterogenous walls: We study the adsorption of a fluid in the grand canonical ensemble occurring\nat a planar heterogeneous wall which is decorated with a chemical stripe of\nwidth $L$. We suppose that the material of the stripe strongly preferentially\nadsorbs the liquid in contrast to the outer material which is only partially\nwet. This competition leads to the nucleation of a droplet of liquid on the\nstripe, the height $h_m$ and shape of which (at bulk two-phase coexistence) has\nbeen predicted previously using mesoscopic interfacial Hamiltonian theory. We\ntest these predictions using a microscopic Fundamental Measure Density\nFunctional Theory which incorporates short-ranged fluid-fluid and fully\nlong-ranged wall-fluid interactions. Our model functional accurately describes\npacking effects not captured by the interfacial Hamiltonian but still we show\nthat there is excellent agreement with the predictions $h_m\\approx L^{1/2}$ and\nfor the scaled circular shape of the drop even for $L$ as small as $50$\nmolecular diameters. For smaller stripes the droplet height is considerably\nlower than that predicted by the mesoscopic interfacial theory. Phase\ntransitions for droplet configurations occurring on substrates with multiple\nstripes are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Effective dynamics in an asymmetric death-branching process: In this paper we study activity fluctuations in an asymmetric death-branching\nprocess in one-dimension. The model, which is a variant of the asymmetric\nGlauber model, has already been studied in [12]. It is known that in the\nlow-activity region i.e. below the typical activity in the steady-state, the\ndynamical free energy of the system can be calculated exactly. However, the\nbehavior of the system in the high-activity region is different and more\ninteresting. The system undergoes a series of dynamical phase transitions. In\npresent work we justify the hierarchy of dynamical phase transitions in terms\nof effective interactions in the system. It turns out that the effective\ninteractions are long-range and that they can be described in terms of\ninteractions between repelling shock fronts."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Uniform and non-uniform thermal switching of magnetic particles: The pulse-noise approach to systems of classical spins weakly interacting\nwith the bath has been applied to study thermally-activated escape of magnetic\nnanoparticles over the uniform and nonuniform energy barriers at intermediate\nand low damping. The validity of approximating a single-domain particle by a\nsingle spin is investigated. Barriers for a non-uniform escape of elongated\nparticles for the uniaxial model with transverse and longitudinal field have\nbeen worked out. Pulse-noise computations have been done for finite magnetic\nchains. The linear stability of the uniform barrier state has been\ninvestigated. The crossover between uniform and nonuniform barrier states has\nbeen studied with the help of the variational approach.",
        "positive": "Diffusion of particles with short-range interactions: A system of interacting Brownian particles subject to short-range repulsive\npotentials is considered. A continuum description in the form of a nonlinear\ndiffusion equation is derived systematically in the dilute limit using the\nmethod of matched asymptotic expansions. Numerical simulations are performed to\ncompare the results of the model with those of the commonly used mean-field and\nKirkwood-superposition approximations, as well as with Monte Carlo simulation\nof the stochastic particle system, for various interaction potentials. Our\napproach works best for very repulsive short-range potentials, while the\nmean-field approximation is suitable for long-range interactions. The Kirkwood\nsuperposition approximation provides an accurate description for both short-\nand long-range potentials, but is considerably more computationally intensive."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Crossover induced by Dynamical Many Body Localization in\n  Periodically Driven Long-Range Spin Systems: Dynamical many-body freezing occurs in periodic transverse field-driven\nintegrable quantum spin systems. Under resonance conditions, quantum dynamics\ncauses practically infinite hysteresis in the drive response, maintaining its\nstarting value. We find similar resonant freezing in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick\n(LMG) model. In the LMG, the resonance conditions in the driving field\nsuppresses the heating postulated by the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis\n(ETH) by inducing Dynamical Many Body Localization, or DMBL. This is in\ncontrast to Many Body Localization (MBL), which requires disorder to suppress\nETH. DMBL has been validated by the Inverse Participation Ratio (IPR) of the\nquasi-stationary Floquet modes. Similarly to the TFIM, the LMG exhibits\nhigh-frequency localization only at the resonances. IPR localization in the LMG\ndeteriorates with an inverse system size law at lower frequencies, which\nindicates heating to infinite temperature. Furthermore, adiabatically\nincreasing frequency and amplitude from low values raises the Floquet state IPR\nin the LMG from nearly zero to unity, indicating a phase crossover. This\noccurrence enables a future technique to construct an MBL engine in clean\nsystems that can be cycled by adjusting drive parameters only.",
        "positive": "Frozen into stripes: fate of the critical Ising model after a quench: In this work we study numerically the final state of the two dimensional\nferromagnetic critical Ising model after a quench to zero temperature.\nBeginning from equilibrium at $T_c$, the system can be blocked in a variety of\ninfinitely long lived stripe states in addition to the ground state. Similar\nresults have already been obtained for an infinite temperature initial\ncondition and an interesting connection to exact percolation crossing\nprobabilities has emerged. Here we complete this picture by providing a new\nexample of stripe states precisely related to initial crossing probabilities\nfor various boundary conditions. We thus show that this is not specific to\npercolation but rather that it depends on the properties of spanning clusters\nin the initial state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random transition-rate matrices for the master equation: Random-matrix theory is applied to transition-rate matrices in the Pauli\nmaster equation. We study the distribution and correlations of eigenvalues,\nwhich govern the dynamics of complex stochastic systems. Both the cases of\nidentical and of independent rates of forward and backward transitions are\nconsidered. The first case leads to symmetric transition-rate matrices, whereas\nthe second corresponds to general, asymmetric matrices. The resulting matrix\nensembles are different from the standard ensembles and show different\neigenvalue distributions. For example, the fraction of real eigenvalues scales\nanomalously with matrix dimension in the asymmetric case.",
        "positive": "Large deviations and the Boltzmann entropy formula: In the last decades the theory of large deviations has become a main tool in\nstatistical mechanics especially in the study of non--equilibrium. In a\nrational reconstruction of the story one must recognize the ideal connection\nand debt of some recent work, to discussions taking place at the beginning of\nthe twentieth century. The famous equation $S=k\\ln W$ usually attributed to\nBoltzmann, actually written in this final form by Planck on his route to the\nquantum hypothesis, was interpreted by Einstein as a large deviation formula.\nThis interpretation, on which he based his theory of thermodynamic equilibrium\nfluctuations, has been a source of inspiration in recent developments of\nnon--equilibrium statistical mechanics. In this paper we briefly illustrate\nthis aspect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling and Universality at Ramped Quench Dynamical Quantum Phase\n  Transition: The nonequilibrium dynamics of a periodically driven extended XY model, in\nthe presence of linear time dependent magnetic filed, is investigated using the\nnotion of dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs). Along the similar lines\nto the equilibrium phase transition, the main purpose of this work is to search\nthe fundamental concepts such as scaling and universality at the ramped quench\nDQPTs. We have shown that the critical points of the model, where the gap\nclosing occurs, can be moved by tuning the driven frequency and consequently\nthe presence/absence of DQPTs can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the\ndriven frequency. %Taking advantage of this property, We have uncovered that,\nfor a ramp across the single quantum critical point, the critical mode at which\nDQPTs occur is classified into three regions: the Kibble-Zurek (KZ) region,\nwhere the critical mode scales linearly with the square root of the sweep\nvelocity, pre-saturated (PS) region, and the saturated (S) region where the\ncritical mode makes a plateau versus the sweep velocity. While for a ramp that\ncrosses two critical points, the critical modes disclose just KZ and PS\nregions. On the basis of numerical simulations, we find that the dynamical free\nenergy scales linerly with time, as approaches to DQPT time, with the exponent\n$\\nu=1\\pm 0.01$ for all sweep velocities and driven frequencies.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Thermodynamics in a Non-Markovian Dynamical System: The developing field of stochastic thermodynamics extends concepts of\nmacroscopic thermodynamics such as entropy production and work to the\nmicroscopic level of individual trajectories taken by a system through phase\nspace. The scheme involves coupling the system to an environment - typically a\nsource of Markovian noise that affects the dynamics of the system. Here we\nextend this framework to consider a non-Markovian environment, one whose\ndynamics have memory and which create additional correlations with the system\nvariables, and illustrate this with a selection of simple examples. Such an\nenvironment produces a rich variety of behaviours. In particular, for a case of\nthermal relaxation, the distributions of entropy produced under the\nnon-Markovian dynamics differ from the equivalent case of Markovian dynamics\nonly by a delay time. When a time-dependent external work protocol is turned\non, the system's correlations with the environment can either assist or hinder\nits approach to equilibrium, and affect its production of entropy, depending on\nthe coupling strength between the system and environment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficiency at maximum power: An analytically solvable model for\n  stochastic heat engines: We study a class of cyclic Brownian heat engines in the framework of\nfinite-time thermodynamics. For infinitely long cycle times, the engine works\nat the Carnot efficiency limit producing, however, zero power. For the\nefficiency at maximum power, we find a universal expression, different from the\nendoreversible Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency. Our results are illustrated with a\nsimple one-dimensional engine working in and with a time-dependent harmonic\npotential.",
        "positive": "Quantum Phase Transitions in the Spin-Boson model: MonteCarlo Method vs\n  Variational Approach a la Feynman: The effectiveness of the variational approach a la Feynman is proved in the\nspin-boson model, i.e. the simplest realization of the Caldeira-Leggett model\nable to reveal the quantum phase transition from delocalized to localized\nstates and the quantum dissipation and decoherence effects induced by a heat\nbath. After exactly eliminating the bath degrees of freedom, we propose a\ntrial, non local in time, interaction between the spin and itself simulating\nthe coupling of the two level system with the bosonic bath. It stems from an\nHamiltonian where the spin is linearly coupled to a finite number of harmonic\noscillators whose frequencies and coupling strengths are variationally\ndetermined. We show that a very limited number of these fictitious modes is\nenough to get a remarkable agreement, up to very low temperatures, with the\ndata obtained by using an approximation-free Monte Carlo approach, predicting:\n1) in the Ohmic regime, a Beretzinski-Thouless-Kosterlitz quantum phase\ntransition exhibiting the typical universal jump at the critical value; 2) in\nthe sub-Ohmic regime ($s \\leq 0.5$), mean field quantum phase transitions, with\nlogarithmic corrections for $s=0.5$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological disentangler for the valence-bond-solid chain: We discuss topological disentangler for S=1 quantum spin chains in the\nHaldane phase. We first point out that Kennedy-Tasaki's(KT) nonlocal unitary\ntransformation is the perfect disentangler for Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki\nmodel. We then demonstrate that the KT transformation can be reconstructed as\nan assembly of pair disentanglers. Finally, we show that the KT transformation\ncan be regarded as a topological disentangler, which selectively disentangles\nthe double-fold degeneracy in the entanglement spectrum of the S=1 Heisenberg\nchain.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Singularities of Glassy Systems in a Quantum Quench: We present a prototype of behavior of glassy systems driven by quantum\ndynamics in a quenching protocol by analyzing the random energy model in a\ntransverse field. We calculate several types of dynamical quantum amplitude and\nfind a freezing transition at some critical time. The behavior is understood by\nthe partition-function zeros in the complex temperature plane. We discuss the\nproperties of the freezing phase as a dynamical chaotic phase, which are\ncontrasted to those of the spin-glass phase in the static system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Collective Dynamics of Auto-Chemotactic Populations: While the role of local interactions in nonequilibrium phase transitions is\nwell studied, a fundamental understanding of the effects of long-range\ninteractions is lacking. We study the critical dynamics of reproducing agents\nsubject to autochemotactic interactions and limited resources. A\nrenormalization group analysis reveals distinct scaling regimes for fast\n(attractive or repulsive) interactions; for slow signal transduction, the\ndynamics is dominated by a diffusive fixed point. Furthermore, we present a\ncorrection to the Keller-Segel nonlinearity emerging close to the extinction\nthreshold and a novel nonlinear mechanism that stabilizes the continuous\ntransition against the emergence of a characteristic length scale due to a\nchemotactic collapse.",
        "positive": "Generalization of the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy: Logistic- and\n  periodic-like maps at the chaos threshold: We numerically calculate, at the edge of chaos, the time evolution of the\nnonextensive entropic form $S_q \\equiv [1-\\sum_{i=1}^W p_i^q]/[q-1]$ (with\n$S_1=-\\sum_{i=1}^Wp_i \\ln p_i$) for two families of one-dimensional dissipative\nmaps, namely a logistic- and a periodic-like with arbitrary inflexion $z$ at\ntheir maximum. At $t=0$ we choose $N$ initial conditions inside one of the $W$\nsmall windows in which the accessible phase space is partitioned; to neutralize\nlarge fluctuations we conveniently average over a large amount of initial\nwindows. We verify that one and only one value $q^*<1$ exists such that the\n$\\lim_{t\\to\\infty} \\lim_{W\\to\\infty} \\lim_{N\\to\\infty} S_q(t)/t$ is {\\it\nfinite}, {\\it thus generalizing the (ensemble version of) Kolmogorov-Sinai\nentropy} (which corresponds to $q^*=1$ in the present formalism). This special,\n$z$-dependent, value $q^*$ numerically coincides, {\\it for both families of\nmaps and all $z$}, with the one previously found through two other independent\nprocedures (sensitivity to the initial conditions and multifractal $f(\\alpha)$\nfunction)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergent conservation in Floquet dynamics of integrable non-Hermitian\n  models: We study the dynamics of a class of integrable non-Hermitian free-fermionic\nmodels driven periodically using a continuous drive protocol characterized by\nan amplitude $g_1$ and frequency $\\omega_D$. We derive an analytic, albeit\nperturbative, Floquet Hamiltonian for describing such systems using Floquet\nperturbation theory with $g_1^{-1}$ being the perturbation parameter. Our\nanalysis indicates the existence of special drive frequencies at which an\napproximately conserved quantity emerges. The presence of such an almost\nconserved quantity is reflected in the dynamics of the fidelity, the\ncorrelation functions and the half-chain entanglement entropy of the driven\nsystem. In addition, it also controls the nature of the steady state of the\nsystem. We show that one-dimensional (1D) transverse field Ising model, with an\nimaginary component of the transverse field, serves as an experimentally\nrelevant example of this phenomenon. In this case, the transverse magnetization\nis approximately conserved; this conservation leads to complete suppression of\noscillatory features in the transient dynamics of fidelity, magnetization, and\nentanglement of the driven chain at special drive frequencies. We discuss the\nnature of the steady state of the Ising chain near and away from these special\nfrequencies, demonstrate the protocol independence of this phenomenon by\nshowing its existence for discrete drive protocols, and suggest experiments\nwhich can test our theory.",
        "positive": "Hubbard pair cluster in the external fields. Studies of the chemical\n  potential: The chemical potential of the two-site Hubbard cluster (pair) embedded in the\nexternal electric and magnetic fields is studied by exact diagonalization of\nthe Hamiltonian. The formalism of the grand canonical ensemble is adopted. The\ninfluence of temperature, Hubbard on-site Coulombic energy $U$ and electron\nconcentration on the chemical potential is investigated and illustrated in\nfigures. In particular, a discontinuous behaviour of the chemical potential (or\nelectron concentration) in the ground state is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-Assembly of Magnetic Spheres in Strong Homogeneous Magnetic Field: The self-assembly in two dimensions of spherical magnets in strong magnetic\nfield is addressed theoretically. %% It is shown that the attraction and\nassembly of parallel magnetic chains is the result of a delicate interplay of\ndipole-dipole interactions and short ranged excluded volume correlations. %%\nMinimal energy structures are obtained by numerical optimization procedure as\nwell as analytical considerations. For a small number of constitutive magnets\n$N_{\\rm tot}\\leq26$, a straight chain is found to be stable. In the regime of\nlarger $N_{\\rm tot}\\geq27$, the magnets form \\textit{two touching} chains with\nequally long tails at both ends. We succeed to identify the transition from\n\\textit{two} to \\textit{three} touching chains at $N_{\\rm tot}=129$.",
        "positive": "Overview of Information Theory, Computer Science Theory, and Stochastic\n  Thermodynamics for Thermodynamics of Computation: I give a quick overview of some of the theoretical background necessary for\nusing modern non-equilibrium statistical physics to investigate the\nthermodynamics of computation. I first present some of the necessary concepts\nfrom information theory, and then introduce some of the most important types of\ncomputational machine considered in computer science theory.\n  After this I present a central result from modern non-equilibrium statistical\nphysics: an exact expression for the entropy flow out of a system undergoing a\ngiven dynamics with a given initial distribution over states. This central\nexpression is crucial for analyzing how the total entropy flow out of a\ncomputer depends on its global structure, since that global structure\ndetermines the initial distributions into all of the computer's subsystems, and\ntherefore (via the central expression) the entropy flows generated by all of\nthose subsystems. I illustrate these results by analyzing some of the\nsubtleties concerning the benefits that are sometimes claimed for implementing\nan irreversible computation with a reversible circuit constructed out of\nFredkin gates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Model Studies on the Quantum Jarzynski Relation: We study the quantum Jarzynski relation for driven quantum models embedded in\nvarious environments. We do so by generalizing a proof presented by Mukamel\n[Phys. Rev. Lett 90, 170604 (2003)] for closed quantum systems. In this way, we\nare able to prove that the Jarzynski relation also holds for a bipartite system\nwith microcanonical coupling. Furthermore, we show that, under the assumption\nthat the interaction energy remains constant during the whole process, the\nrelation is valid even for canonical coupling. The same follows for open\nquantum systems at high initial temperatures up to third order of the inverse\ntemperature. Our analytical study is complemented by a numerical investigation\nof a special model system.",
        "positive": "Proof-of-concept for a nonadditive stochastic model of supercooled\n  liquids: The recently proposed non-additive stochastic model (NSM) offers a coherent\nphysical interpretation for diffusive phenomena in glass-forming systems. This\nmodel presents non-exponential relationships between viscosity, activation\nenergy, and temperature, characterizing the non-Arrhenius behavior observed in\nsupercooled liquids. In this work, we fit the NSM viscosity equation to\nexperimental temperature-dependent viscosity data corresponding to twenty-five\nglass-forming liquids and compare the fit parameters with those obtained using\nthe Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT), Avramov-Milchev (AM), and\nMauro-Yue-Ellison-Gupta-Allan (MYEGA) models. The results demonstrate that the\nNSM provides an effective fitting equation for modeling viscosity experimental\ndata in comparison with other established models (VFT, AM and MYEGA),\ncharacterizing the activation energy in fragile liquids, presenting a reliable\nindicator of the degree of fragility of the glass-forming liquids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover between ballistic and diffusive transport: The Quantum\n  Exclusion Process: We study the evolution of a system of free fermions in one dimension under\nthe simultaneous effects of coherent tunneling and stochastic Markovian noise.\nWe identify a class of noise terms where a hierarchy of decoupled equations for\nthe correlation functions emerges. In the special case of incoherent,\nnearest-neighbour hopping the equation for the two-point functions is solved\nexplicitly. The Green's function for the particle density is obtained\nanalytically and a timescale is identified where a crossover from ballistic to\ndiffusive behaviour takes place. The result can be interpreted as a competition\nbetween the two types of conduction channels where diffusion dominates on large\ntimescales.",
        "positive": "Bulk Property on Cayley Tree with Smooth Boundary Condition: We study a nearest-neighbor hopping model on the Cayley tree under the smooth\nboundary condition with the modulation function $f_s=\\sin^2[\\pi s/(2M+1)]$,\nwhere $s$ is a distance from the central site, and $M$ is the number of shells\non the tree. As a result of this smoothing, the particle density in the ground\nstate becomes nearly uniform in the bulk region even when $M$ is relatively\nsmall. We compare the calculated particle density at the center with exact\nresult on the Bethe lattice, and they show a good agreement. The calculated\nbond energy at the center also agrees with that on the Bethe lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiple and inverse topplings in the Abelian Sandpile Model: The Abelian Sandpile Model is a cellular automaton whose discrete dynamics\nreaches an out-of-equilibrium steady state resembling avalanches in piles of\nsand. The fundamental moves defining the dynamics are encoded by the toppling\nrules. The transition monoid corresponding to this dynamics in the set of\nstable configurations is abelian, a property which seems at the basis of our\nunderstanding of the model. By including also antitoppling rules, we introduce\nand investigate a larger monoid, which is not abelian anymore. We prove a\nnumber of algebraic properties of this monoid, and describe their practical\nimplications on the emerging structures of the model.",
        "positive": "Instabilities in granular gas-solid flows: A linear stability analysis of the hydrodynamic equations with respect to the\nhomogeneous cooling state is performed to study the conditions for stability of\na suspension of solid particles immersed in a viscous gas. The dissipation in\nsuch systems arises from two different sources: inelasticity in particle\ncollisions and viscous friction dissipation due to the influence of gas phase\non solid particles. The starting point is a suspension model based on the\n(inelastic) Enskog kinetic equation where the effect of the interstitial gas\nphase on the dynamics of grains is modeled via a viscous drag force. The study\nis carried out in two different steps. First, the transport coefficients of the\nsystem are obtained by solving the Enskog equation by means of the\nChapman-Enskog method up to first order in spatial gradients. Once the\ntransport properties are known, then the corresponding linearized hydrodynamic\nequations are solved to get the dispersion relations. In contrast to previous\nstudies [V. Garz\\'o \\emph{et al.}, Phys. Rev. E \\textbf{93}, 012905 (2016)],\nthe hydrodynamic modes are \\emph{analytically} obtained as functions of the\nparameter space of the system. As expected, linear stability shows $d-1$\ntransversal (shear) modes (where $d$ is the dimensionality of the system) and a\nlongitudinal \"heat\" mode to be unstable with respect to long enough wavelength\nexcitations. The results also show that the main effect of gas phase is to\ndecrease the value of the critical length $L_c$ (beyond which the system\nbecomes unstable) with respect to its value for a dry granular fluid.\nComparison with direct numerical simulations for $L_c$ shows a good agreement\nfor conditions of practical interest."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One-particle density matrix of trapped one-dimensional impenetrable\n  bosons from conformal invariance: The one-particle density matrix of the one-dimensional Tonks-Girardeau gas\nwith inhomogeneous density profile is calculated, thanks to a recent\nobservation that relates this system to a two-dimensional conformal field\ntheory in curved space. The result is asymptotically exact in the limit of\nlarge particle density and small density variation, and holds for arbitrary\ntrapping potentials. In the particular case of a harmonic trap, we recover a\nformula obtained by Forrester et al. [Phys. Rev. A 67, 043607 (2003)] from a\ndifferent method.",
        "positive": "How a finite potential barrier decreases the mean first passage time: We consider the mean first passage time of a random walker moving in a\npotential landscape on a finite interval, starting and end points being at\ndifferent potentials. From analytical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations\nwe demonstrate that the mean first passage time for a piecewise linear curve\nbetween these two points is minimised by introduction of a potential barrier.\nDue to thermal fluctuations this barrier may be crossed. It turns out that the\ncorresponding expense for this activation is less severe than the gain from an\nincreased slope towards the end point. In particular, the resulting mean first\npassage time is shorter than for a linear potential drop between the two\npoints."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Violation of Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem: We study quantum measurements of temporal equilibrium fluctuations in\nmacroscopic quantum systems. It is shown that the fluctuation-dissipation\ntheorem, as a relation between observed quantities, is partially violated in\nquantum systems, even if measurements are made in an ideal way that emulates\nclassical ideal measurements as closely as possible. This is a genuine quantum\neffect that survives on a macroscopic scale. We also show that the state\nrealized during measurements of temporal equilibrium fluctuations is a\n`squeezed equilibrium state,' which is macroscopically identical to the\npre-measurement equilibrium state but is squeezed by the measurement. It is a\ntime-evolving state, in which macrovariables fluctuate and relax. We also\nexplain some of subtle but important points, careless treatments of which often\nlead to unphysical results, of the linear response theory.",
        "positive": "Obtaining pure steady states in nonequilibrium quantum systems with\n  strong dissipative couplings: Dissipative preparation of a pure steady state usually involves a commutative\naction of a coherent and a dissipative dynamics on the target state. Namely,\nthe target pure state is an eigenstate of both the coherent and dissipative\nparts of the dynamics. We show that working in the Zeno regime, i.e. for\ninfinitely large dissipative coupling, one can generate a pure state by a non\ncommutative action, in the above sense, of the coherent and dissipative\ndynamics. A corresponding Zeno regime pureness criterion is derived. We\nillustrate the approach, looking at both its theoretical and applicative\naspects, in the example case of an open $XXZ$ spin-$1/2$ chain, driven out of\nequilibrium by boundary reservoirs targeting different spin orientations. Using\nour criterion, we find two families of pure nonequilibrium steady states, in\nthe Zeno regime, and calculate the dissipative strengths effectively needed to\ngenerate steady states which are almost indistinguishable from the target pure\nstates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large compact clusters and fast dynamics in coupled nonequilibrium\n  systems: We demonstrate particle clustering on macroscopic scales in a coupled\nnonequilibrium system where two species of particles are advected by a\nfluctuating landscape and modify the landscape in the process. The phase\ndiagram generated by varying the particle-landscape coupling, valid for all\nparticle density and in both one and two dimensions, shows novel nonequilibrium\nphases. While particle species are completely phase separated, the landscape\ndevelops macroscopically ordered regions coexisting with a disordered region,\nresulting in coarsening and steady state dynamics on time scales which grow\nalgebraically with size, not seen earlier in systems with pure domains.",
        "positive": "Absence of Finite Temperature Phase Transitions in the X-Cube Model and\n  its $\\mathbb{Z}_{p}$ Generalization: We investigate thermal properties of the X-Cube model and its\n$\\mathbb{Z}_{p}$ `clock-type' ($p$X-Cube) extension. In the latter, the\nelementary spin-1/2 operators of the X-Cube model are replaced by elements of\nthe Weyl algebra. We study different boundary condition realizations of these\nmodels and analyze their finite temperature dynamics and thermodynamics. We\nfind that (i) no finite temperature phase transitions occur in these systems.\nIn tandem, employing bond-algebraic dualities, we show that for Glauber type\nsolvable baths, (ii) thermal fluctuations might not enable system size\ndependent time autocorrelations at all positive temperatures (i.e., they are\nthermally fragile). Qualitatively, our results demonstrate that similar to\nKitaev's Toric code model, the X-Cube model (and its $p$-state clock-type\ndescendants) may be mapped to simple classical Ising ($p$-state clock) chains\nin which neither phase transitions nor anomalously slow glassy dynamics might\nappear."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Roughness exponent in the fracture of fibrous materials: In this paper, a computational model in (2+1)-dimensions which simulates the\nrupture process of a fibrous material submitted to a constant force $F$, is\nanalyzed. The roughness exponent $\\zeta$ at the boundary that separates two\nfailure regimes, catastrophic and slowly shredding, is evaluated. In the\ncatastrophic (dynamic) regime the initial strain creates a crack which\npercolates rapidly through the material. In the slowly shredding (quasi-static)\nregime several cracks of small size appear in all parts of the material, the\nrupture process is slow and any single crack percolates the sample. At the\nboundary between these two regimes, we obtained a value $\\zeta\\simeq 0.42\\pm\n0.02$ for the roughness exponent, in agreement with results provided by other\nsimulations in three dimension. Also, at this boundary we observed a power law\nbehavior on the number of cracks versus its size.",
        "positive": "The Thermo-Kinetic Relations: Thermo-Kinetic relations bound thermodynamic quantities such as entropy\nproduction with statistics of dynamical observables. We introduce a\nThermo-Kinetic Relation to bound the entropy production or the non-adiabatic\n(Hatano-Sasa, excess) entropy production for overdamped Markov jump processes,\npossibly with time-varying rates and non stationary distributions. For\nstationary cases, this bound is akin to a Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation,\nonly involving absolute fluctuations rather than the mean square, thereby\noffering a better lower bound far from equilibrium. For non-stationary cases,\nthis bound generalises Classical Speed Limits, where the kinetic term is not\nnecessarily the activity (number of jumps) but any trajectory observable of\ninterest. As a consequence, in the task of driving a system from a given\nprobability distribution to another, we find a trade-off between non-adiabatic\nentropy production and housekeeping entropy production: the latter can be\nincreased in order to decrease the former, although to a limited extent. We\nalso find constraints specific to constant-rate Markov processes. We illustrate\nour Thermo-Kinetic Relations on simple examples from biophysics and computing\ndevices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Active Brownian particle in harmonic trap: exact computation of moments,\n  and re-entrant transition: We consider an active Brownian particle in a $d$-dimensional harmonic trap,\nin the presence of translational diffusion. While the Fokker-Planck equation\ncan not in general be solved to obtain a closed form solution of the joint\ndistribution of positions and orientations, as we show, it can be utilized to\nevaluate the exact time dependence of all moments, using a Laplace transform\napproach. We present explicit calculation of several such moments at arbitrary\ntimes and their evolution to the steady state. In particular we compute the\nkurtosis of the displacement, a quantity which clearly shows the difference of\nthe active steady state properties from the equilibrium Gaussian form. We find\nthat it increases with activity to asymptotic saturation, but varies\nnon-monotonically with the trap-stiffness, thereby capturing a recently\nobserved active- to- passive re-entrant behavior.",
        "positive": "Phase behavior of a cell fluid model with modified morse potential: The present manuscript gives a theoretical description of the first-order\nphase transition in a cell fluid model with a modified Morse potential and\nadditional repulsive interaction. In the framework of the grand canonical\nensemble, the equation of state of the system in terms of chemical\npotential-temperature and terms of density-temperature is calculated for a wide\nrange of density and temperature. The behavior of the chemical potential as a\nfunction of temperature and density is investigated. The maximum and minimum\nadmissible values of the chemical potential, which approach each other with\ndecreasing temperature, are exhibited. The existence of a liquid-gas phase\ntransition in a limited temperature range below the critical $T_c$ is\nestablished."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Macroscopic equations for pattern formation in mixtures of microtubules\n  and motors: Inspired by patterns observed in mixtures of microtubules and molecular\nmotors, we propose continuum equations for the evolution of motor density, and\nmicrotubule orientation. The chief ingredients are the transport of motors\nalong tubules, and the alignment of tubules in the process. The macroscopic\nequations lead to aster and vortex patterns in qualitative agreement with\nexperiments. While the early stages of evolution of tubules are similar to\ncoarsening of spins following a quench, the rearrangement of motors leads to\narrested coarsening at low densities. Even in one dimension, the equations\nexhibit a variety of interesting behaviors, such as symmetry breaking, moving\nfronts, and motor localization.",
        "positive": "Global persistence exponent of the double-exchange model: We obtained the global persistence exponent $\\theta_g$ for a continuous spin\nmodel on the simple cubic lattice with double-exchange interaction by using two\ndifferent methods. First, we estimated the exponent $\\theta_g$ by following the\ntime evolution of probability $P(t)$ that the order parameter of the model does\nnot change its sign up to time $t$ $[P(t)\\thicksim t^{-\\theta_g}]$. Afterwards,\nthat exponent was estimated through the scaling collapse of the universal\nfunction $L^{\\theta_g z} P(t)$ for different lattice sizes. Our results for\nboth approaches are in very good agreement each other."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear evolution of step meander during growth of a vicinal surface\n  with no desorption: Step meandering due to a deterministic morphological instability on vicinal\nsurfaces during growth is studied. We investigate nonlinear dynamics of a step\nmodel with asymmetric step kinetics, terrace and line diffusion, by means of a\nmultiscale analysis. We give the detailed derivation of the highly nonlinear\nevolution equation on which a brief account has been given [Pierre-Louis et.al.\nPRL(98)]. Decomposing the model into driving and relaxational contributions, we\ngive a profound explanation to the origin of the unusual divergent scaling of\nstep meander ~ 1/F^{1/2} (where F is the incoming atom flux). A careful\nnumerical analysis indicates that a cellular structure arises where plateaus\nform, as opposed to spike-like structures reported erroneously in Ref.\n[Pierre-Louis et.al. PRL(98)]. As a robust feature, the amplitude of these\ncells scales as t^{1/2}, regardless of the strength of the Ehrlich-Schwoebel\neffect, or the presence of line diffusion. A simple ansatz allows to describe\nanalytically the asymptotic regime quantitatively. We show also how\nsub-dominant terms from multiscale analysis account for the loss of up-down\nsymmetry of the cellular structure.",
        "positive": "Floquet dynamical quantum phase transitions under synchronized periodic\n  driving: We study a generic class of fermionic two-band models under synchronized\nperiodic driving, i.e., with the different terms in a Hamiltonian subject to\nperiodic drives with the same frequency and phase. With all modes initially in\na maximally mixed state, the synchronized drive is found to produce nonperiodic\npatterns of dynamical quantum phase transitions, with their appearance\ndetermined by an interplay of the band structure and the frequency of the\ndrive. A case study of the anisotropic XY chain in a transverse magnetic field,\ntranscribed to an effective two-band model, shows that the modes come with\nquantized geometric phases, allowing for the construction of an effective\ndynamical order parameter. Numerical studies in the limit of a strong magnetic\nfield reveal distinct signals of precursors of dynamical quantum phase\ntransitions also when the initial state of the XY chain is perturbed slightly\naway from maximal mixing, suggesting that the transitions may be accessible\nexperimentally. A blueprint for an experiment built around laser-trapped\ncircular Rydberg atoms is proposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mechanism for Powerlaws without Self-Organization: A recent claim has been made in the journal Nature that there must be a\nself-regulation in the waiting times to see hospital consultants on the ground\nthat the relative changes in the size of waiting lists follow a power law. In\nagreement with simulations of Frecketon and Sutherland, we explain the general\nnon-self-regulating mechanism underlying this result and derive the exact value\n-2 of the exponent found empirically and numerically. In addition, we provide\nlinks with related phenomena encountered in many other fields.",
        "positive": "Absolute measurement of thermal noise in a resonant short-range force\n  experiment: Planar, double-torsional oscillators are especially suitable for short-range\nmacroscopic force search experiments, since they can be operated at the limit\nof instrumental thermal noise. As a study of this limit, we report a\nmeasurement of the noise kinetic energy of a polycrystalline tungsten\noscillator in thermal equilibrium at room temperature. The fluctuations of the\noscillator in a high-Q torsional mode with a resonance frequency near 1 kHz are\ndetected with capacitive transducers coupled to a sensitive differential\namplifier. The electronic processing is calibrated by means of a known\nelectrostatic force and input from a finite element model. The measured average\nkinetic energy is in agreement with the expected value of 1/2 kT."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structure of nonuniform hard sphere fluids from shifted linear\n  truncations of functional expansions: Percus showed that approximate theories for the structure of nonuniform hard\nsphere fluids can be generated by linear truncations of functional expansions\nof the nonuniform density rho (r) about that of an appropriately chosen uniform\nsystem. We consider the most general such truncation, which we refer to as the\nshifted linear response (SLR) equation, where the density response rho (r) to\nan external field phi (r) is expanded to linear order at each r about a\ndifferent uniform system with a locally shifted chemical potential. Special\ncases include the Percus-Yevick (PY) approximation for nonuniform fluids, with\nno shift of the chemical potential, and the hydrostatic linear response (HLR)\nequation, where the chemical potential is shifted by the local value of phi (r)\nThe HLR equation gives exact results for very slowly varying phi (r) and\nreduces to the PY approximation for hard core phi (r), where generally accurate\nresults are found. We try to develop a systematic way of choosing an optimal\nlocal shift in the SLR equation for general phi (r) by requiring that the\npredicted rho (r) is insensitive to small variations about the appropriate\nlocal shift, a property that the exact expansion to all orders would obey. The\nresulting insensitivity criterion (IC) gives a theory that reduces to the HLR\nequation for slowly varying phi (r), and is much more accurate than HLR both\nfor very narrow slits, where the IC agrees with exact results, and for fields\nconfined to ``tiny'' regions that can accomodate at most one particle, where\nthe IC gives very accurate (but not exact) results.",
        "positive": "On the significance of quantum phase transitions for the apparent\n  universality of Bloch laws for M_s(T): The paper is withdrawn by the author because it is superseded by\ncond-mat/0303357 ."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Clustering implies geometry in networks: Network models with latent geometry have been used successfully in many\napplications in network science and other disciplines, yet it is usually\nimpossible to tell if a given real network is geometric, meaning if it is a\ntypical element in an ensemble of random geometric graphs. Here we identify\nstructural properties of networks that guarantee that random graphs having\nthese properties are geometric. Specifically we show that random graphs in\nwhich expected degree and clustering of every node are fixed to some constants\nare equivalent to random geometric graphs on the real line, if clustering is\nsufficiently strong. Large numbers of triangles, homogeneously distributed\nacross all nodes as in real networks, are thus a consequence of network\ngeometricity. The methods we use to prove this are quite general and applicable\nto other network ensembles, geometric or not, and to certain problems in\nquantum gravity.",
        "positive": "Determining the validity of cumulant expansions for central spin models: For a model with many-to-one connectivity it is widely expected that\nmean-field theory captures the exact many-particle $N\\to\\infty$ limit, and that\nhigher-order cumulant expansions of the Heisenberg equations converge to this\nsame limit whilst providing improved approximations at finite $N$. Here we show\nthat this is in fact not always the case. Instead, whether mean-field theory\ncorrectly describes the large-$N$ limit depends on how the model parameters\nscale with $N$, and the convergence of cumulant expansions may be non-uniform\nacross even and odd orders. Further, even when a higher-order cumulant\nexpansion does recover the correct limit, the error is not monotonic with $N$\nand may exceed that of mean-field theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic multipole analysis of kagome and artificial ice dipolar arrays: We analyse an array of linearly extended monodomain dipoles forming square\nand kagome lattices. We find that its phase diagram contains two (distinct)\nfinite-entropy kagome ice regimes - one disordered, one algebraic - as well as\na low-temperature ordered phase. In the limit of the islands almost touching,\nwe find a staircase of corresponding entropy plateaux, which is analytically\ncaptured by a theory based on magnetic charges. For the case of a modified\nsquare ice array, we show that the charges ('monopoles') are excitations\nexperiencing two distinct Coulomb interactions: a magnetic 'three-dimensional'\none as well as a logarithmic `two dimensional' one of entropic origin.",
        "positive": "Quantum correlated twin atomic beams via photo-dissociation of a\n  molecular Bose-Einstein condensate: We study the process of photo-dissociation of a molecular Bose-Einstein\ncondensate as a potential source of strongly correlated twin atomic beams. We\nshow that the two beams can possess nearly perfect quantum squeezing in their\nrelative numbers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self tuning phase separation in a model with competing interactions\n  inspired by biological cell polarization: We present a theoretical study of a system with competing short-range\nferromagnetic attraction and a long-range anti-ferromagnetic repulsion, in the\npresence of a uniform external magnetic field. The interplay between these\ninteractions, at sufficiently low temperature, leads to the self-tuning of the\nmagnetization to a value which triggers phase coexistence, even in the presence\nof the external field. The investigation of this phenomenon is performed using\na Ginzburg-Landau functional in the limit of an infinite number of order\nparameter components (large $N$ model). The scalar version of the model is\nexpected to describe the phase separation taking place on a cell surface when\nthis is immersed in a uniform concentration of chemical stimulant. A phase\ndiagram is obtained as function of the external field and the intensity of the\nlong-range repulsion. The time evolution of order parameter and of the\nstructure factor in a relaxation process are studied in different regions of\nthe phase diagram.",
        "positive": "Time averages in continuous time random walks: We investigate the time averaged squared displacement (TASD) of continuous\ntime random walks with respect to the number of steps $N$, which the random\nwalker performed during the data acquisition time $T$. We prove that the TASD,\nand as well the apparent diffusion constant, grow linearly with $N$, provided\nthe steps possess a fourth moment and can not accumulate in small intervals.\nConsequently, the fluctuations of the latter are dominated by the fluctuations\nof $N$, and fluctuations of the walker's thermal history are irrelevant.\nFurthermore, we show that the relative scatter decays as $1/\\sqrt{N}$, which\nsuppresses all non-linear features in a plot of the TASD against the lag time.\nParts of our arguments also hold for continuous time random walks with\ncorrelated steps."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous criticality coexists with giant cluster in the uniform forest\n  model: In percolation theory, the general scenario for the supercritical phase is\nthat all clusters, except the unique giant one, are small and the two-point\ncorrelation exponentially decays to some constant. We show by extensive\nsimulations that the whole supercritical phase of the three-dimensional uniform\nforest model simultaneously exhibits an infinite tree and a rich variety of\ncritical phenomena. Besides typical scalings like algebraically decaying\ncorrelation, power-law distribution of cluster sizes, and divergent correlation\nlength, a number of anomalous behaviors emerge. The fractal dimensions for\noff-giant trees take different values when being measured by linear system size\nor gyration radius. The giant tree size displays two-length scaling\nfluctuations, instead of following the central-limit theorem. In a non-Gaussian\nfermionic field theory, these unusual properties are closely related to the\nnon-abelian continuous OSP$(1|2)$ supersymmetry in the fermionic hyperbolic\nplane ${\\mathbb H}^{0|2}$.",
        "positive": "On Dynamics and Optimal Number of Replicas in Parallel Tempering\n  Simulations: We study the dynamics of parallel tempering simulations, also known as the\nreplica exchange technique, which has become the method of choice for\nsimulation of proteins and other complex systems. Recent results for the\noptimal choice of the control parameter discretization allow a treatment\nindependent of the system in question. Analyzing mean first passage times\nacross control parameter space, we find an expression for the optimal number of\nreplicas in simulations covering a given temperature range. Our results suggest\na particular protocol to optimize the number of replicas in actual simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Electrons in an annealed environment: A special case of the interacting\n  electron problem: The problem of noninteracting electrons in the presence of annealed magnetic\ndisorder, in addition to nonmagnetic quenched disorder, is considered. It is\nshown that the proper physical interpretation of this model is one of electrons\ninteracting via a potential that is long-ranged in time, and that its technical\nanalysis by means of renormalization group techniques must also be done in\nanalogy to the interacting problem. As a result, and contrary to previous\nclaims, the model does not simply describe a metal-insulator transition in\n$d=2+\\epsilon$ ($\\epsilon\\ll 1$) dimensions. Rather, it describes a transition\nto a ferromagnetic state that, as a function of the disorder, precedes the\nmetal-insulator transition close to $d=2$. In $d=3$, a transition from a\nparamagnetic metal to a paramagnetic insulator is possible.",
        "positive": "Effective Equations in complex systems: from Langevin to machine\n  learning: The problem of effective equations is reviewed and discussed. Starting from\nthe classical Langevin equation, we show how it can be generalized to\nHamiltonian systems with non-standard kinetic terms. A numerical method for\ninferring effective equations from data is discussed; this protocol allows to\ncheck the validity of our results. In addition we show that, with a suitable\ntreatment of time series, such protocol can be used to infer effective models\nfrom experimental data. We briefly discuss the practical and conceptual\ndifficulties of a pure data-driven approach in the building of models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transition records of stationary Markov chains: In any Markov chain with finite state space the distribution of transition\nrecords always belongs to the exponential family. This observation is used to\nprove a fluctuation theorem, and to show that the dynamical entropy of a\nstationary Markov chain is linear in the number of steps. Three applications\nare discussed. A known result about entropy production is reproduced. A\nthermodynamic relation is derived for equilibrium systems with Metropolis\ndynamics. Finally, a link is made with recent results concerning a\none-dimensional polymer model.",
        "positive": "The explicit form of the rate function for semi-Markov processes and its\n  contractions: We derive the explicit form of the rate function for semi-Markov processes.\nHere, the \"random time change trick\" plays an essential role. Also, by\nexploiting the contraction principle of the large deviation theory to the\nexplicit form, we show that the fluctuation theorem (Gallavotti-Cohen Symmetry)\nholds for semi-Markov cases. Furthermore, we elucidate that our rate function\nis an extension of the Level 2.5 rate function for Markov processes to\nsemi-Markov cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport and tumbling of polymers in viscoelastic shear flow: Polymers in shear flow are ubiquitous and we study their motion in a\nviscoelastic fluid under shear. Employing dumbbells as representative, we find\nthat the center of mass motion follows: $\\langle x^2_c(t) \\rangle \\sim\n\\dot{\\gamma}^2 t^{\\alpha+2}, ~0< \\alpha <1$, generalizing the earlier result:\n$\\langle x^2_c(t) \\rangle \\sim \\dot{\\gamma}^2t^3 ~(\\alpha = 1)$. Motion of the\nrelative coordinate, on the other hand, is quite intriguing in that $\\langle\nx^2_r(t) \\rangle \\sim t^\\beta$ with $\\beta = 2(1-\\alpha)$ for small $\\alpha$.\nThis implies nonexistence of the steady state. We remedy this pathology by\nintroducing a nonlinear spring with FENE-LJ interaction and study tumbling\ndynamics of the dumbbell. The overall effect of viscoelasticity is to slow down\nthe dynamics in the experimentally observed ranges of the Weissenberg number.\nWe numerically obtain the characteristic time of tumbling and show that small\nchanges in $\\alpha$ result in large changes in tumbling times.",
        "positive": "Structure, superfluidity, and quantum melting of hydrogen clusters: We present results of a theoretical study of para-hydrogen and\northo-deuterium clusters at low temperature (0.5 K < T < 3.5 K), based on Path\nIntegral Monte Carlo simulations. Clusters of size up to N=21 para-hydrogen\nmolecules are nearly entirely superfluid at T < 1 K. For 21 < N < 30, the\nsuperfluid response displays strong variations with N, reflecting structural\nchanges that occur on adding or removing even a single molecule. Some clusters\nin this size range display quantum melting, going from solid- to liquid-like as\nT tends to 0. Melting is caused by quantum exchanges of molecules. The largest\npara-hydrogen cluster for which a significant superfluid response is observed\ncomprises 27 molecules. Evidence of a finite superfluid response is presented\nfor ortho-deuterium clusters of size up to 14 molecules. Magic numbers are\nobserved, at which both types of clusters feature pronounced stability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover behaviors in one and two dimensional heterogeneous load\n  sharing fiber bundle models: We study the effect of heterogeneous load sharing in the fiber bundle models\nof fracture. The system is divided into two groups of fibers (fraction $p$ and\n$1-p$) in which one group follow the completely local load sharing mechanism\nand the other group follow global load sharing mechanism. Patches of local\ndisorders (weakness) in the loading plate can cause such a situation in the\nsystem. We find that in 2d a finite crossover (between global and local load\nsharing behaviours) point comes up at a finite value of the disorder\nconcentration (near $p_c\\sim 0.53$), which is slightly below the site\npercolation threshold. We numerically determine the phase diagrams (in 1d and\n2d) and identify the critical behavior below $p_c$ with the mean field behavior\n(completely global load sharing) for both dimensions. This crossover can occur\ndue to geometrical percolation of disorders in the loading plate. We also show\nhow the critical point depends on the loading history, which is identified as a\nspecial property of local load sharing.",
        "positive": "Equation of State for Helium-4 from Microphysics: We compute the free energy of helium-4 near the lambda transition based on an\nexact renormalization-group equation. An approximate solution permits the\ndetermination of universal and nonuniversal thermodynamic properties starting\nfrom the microphysics of the two-particle interactions. The method does not\nsuffer from infrared divergences. The critical chemical potential agrees with\nexperiment. This supports a specific formulation of the functional integral\nthat we have proposed recently. Our results for the equation of state reproduce\nthe observed qualitative behavior. Despite certain quantitative shortcomings of\nour approximation, this demonstrates that ab initio calculations for collective\nphenomena become possible by modern renormalization-group methods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical response of the Ising model to the amplitude modulated time\n  dependent magnetic field: The dynamical Ising model under the effect of the amplitude modulated time\ndependent periodic magnetic field has been solved by using EFT with Glauber\ntype of stochastic process. Several cases with amplitude modulation have been\ninvestigated. It has been shown that, amplitude modulation could display\ndynamical phase transition on the magnetic system.",
        "positive": "Oscillation and synchronization of two quantum van der Pol oscillators: The synchronization properties of two self-sustained quantum oscillators are\nstudied in the Wigner representation. Instead of considering the quantum limit\nof the quantum van-der-Pol master equation we derive the quantum master\nequation directly from a suitable Hamiltonian. Moreover, the oscillators are\ncoupled in incorporating an additional phase factor which shows up in the\nmutual correlations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The role of winding numbers in quantum Monte Carlo simulations: We discuss the effects of fixing the winding number in quantum Monte Carlo\nsimulations. We present a simple geometrical argument as well as strong\nnumerical evidence that one can obtain exact ground state results for periodic\nboundary conditions without changing the winding number. However, for very\nsmall systems the temperature has to be considerably lower than in simulations\nwith fluctuating winding numbers. The relative deviation of a calculated\nobservable from the exact ground state result typically scales as $T^{\\gamma}$,\nwhere the exponent $\\gamma$ is model and observable dependent and the prefactor\ndecreases with increasing system size. Analytic results for a quantum rotor\nmodel further support our claim.",
        "positive": "All Local Conserved Quantities of the One-Dimensional Hubbard Model: We present the exact expression for all local conserved quantities of the\none-dimensional Hubbard model. We identify the operator basis constructing the\nlocal charges and find that nontrivial coefficients appear in the higher-order\ncharges. We derive the recursion equation for these coefficients, and some of\nthem are explicitly given. There are no other local charges independent of\nthose we obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium Stochastic Delay Processes: Stochastic processes with temporal delay play an important role in science\nand engineering whenever finite speeds of signal transmission and processing\noccur. However, an exact mathematical analysis of their dynamics and\nthermodynamics is available for linear models only. We introduce a class of\nstochastic delay processes with nonlinear time-local forces and linear\ntime-delayed forces that obey fluctuation theorems and converge to a Boltzmann\nequilibrium at long times. From the point of view of control theory, such\n``equilibrium stochastic delay processes'' are stable and energetically\npassive, by construction. Computationally, they provide diverse exact\nconstraints on general nonlinear stochastic delay problems and can, in various\nsituations, serve as a starting point for their perturbative analysis.\nPhysically, they admit an interpretation in terms of an underdamped Brownian\nparticle that is either subjected to a time-local force in a non-Markovian\nthermal bath or to a delayed feedback force in a Markovian thermal bath. We\nillustrate these properties numerically for a setup familiar from feedback\ncooling and point out experimental implications.",
        "positive": "Search efficiency in the Adam-Delbr\u00fcck reduction-of-dimensionality\n  scenario versus direct diffusive search: The time instant -- the first-passage time (FPT) -- when a diffusive particle\n(e.g., a ligand such as oxygen or a signalling protein) for the first time\nreaches an immobile target located on the surface of a bounded\nthree-dimensional domain (e.g., a hemoglobin molecule or the cellular nucleus)\nis a decisive characteristic time-scale in diverse biophysical and biochemical\nprocesses, as well as in intermediate stages of various inter- and\nintra-cellular signal transduction pathways. Adam and Delbr\\\"uck put forth the\nreduction-of-dimensionality concept, according to which a ligand first binds\nnon-specifically to any point of the surface on which the target is placed and\nthen diffuses along this surface until it locates the target. In this work, we\nanalyse the efficiency of such a scenario and confront it with the efficiency\nof a direct search process, in which the target is approached directly from the\nbulk and not aided by surface diffusion. We consider two situations: (i) a\nsingle ligand is launched from a fixed or a random position and searches for\nthe target, and (ii) the case of \"amplified\" signals when $N$ ligands start\neither from the same point or from random positions, and the search terminates\nwhen the fastest of them arrives to the target. For such settings, we go beyond\nthe conventional analyses, which compare only the mean values of the\ncorresponding FPTs. Instead, we calculate the full probability density function\nof FPTs for both scenarios and study its integral characteristic -- the\n\"survival\" probability of a target up to time $t$. On this basis, we examine\nhow the efficiencies of both scenarios are controlled by a variety of\nparameters and single out realistic conditions in which the\nreduction-of-dimensionality scenario outperforms the direct search."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interaction of molecular motors can enhance their efficiency: Particles moving in oscillating potential with broken mirror symmetry are\nconsidered. We calculate their energetic efficiency, when acting as molecular\nmotors carrying a load against external force. It is shown that interaction\nbetween particles enhances the efficiency in wide range of parameters. Possible\nconsequences for artificial molecular motors are discussed.",
        "positive": "Rethinking loss of available work and Gouy-Stodola theorem: Exergy represents the maximum useful work possible when a system at a\nspecific state reaches equilibrium with the environmental dead state at\ntemperature To. Correspondingly, the exergy difference between two states is\nthe maximum work output when the system changes from one state to the other,\nassuming that during the processes, the system exchanges heat reversibly with\nthe environment. If the process involves irreversibility, the Guoy-Stodola\ntheorem states that the exergy destruction equals the entropy generated during\nthe process multiplied by To. The exergy concept and the Gouy-Stodola theorem\nare widely used to optimize processes or systems, even when they are not\ndirectly connected to the environment. In the past, questions have been raised\non if To is the proper temperature to use in calculating the exergy\ndestruction. Here, we start from the first and the second laws of\nthermodynamics to unambiguously show that the useful energy loss (UEL) of a\nsystem or process should equal to the entropy generation multiplied by an\nequivalent temperature associated with the entropy rejected out of the entire\nsystem. For many engineering systems and processes, this entropy rejection\ntemperature can be easily calculated as the ratio of the changes of the\nenthalpy and entropy of the fluid stream carrying the entropy out, which we\ncall the state-change temperature. The UEL is unambiguous and independent of\nthe environmental dead state, and it should be used for system optimization\nrather than the exergy destruction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal ground state properties of free fermions in a $d$-dimensional\n  trap: The ground state properties of $N$ spinless free fermions in a\n$d$-dimensional confining potential are studied. We find that any $n$-point\ncorrelation function has a simple determinantal structure that allows us to\ncompute several properties exactly for large $N$. We show that the average\ndensity has a finite support with an edge, and near this edge the density\nexhibits a universal (valid for a wide class of potentials) scaling behavior\nfor large $N$. The associated edge scaling function is computed exactly and\ngeneralizes to any $d$ the edge electron gas result of Kohn and Mattsson in\n$d=3$ [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3487 (1998)]. In addition, we calculate the kernel\n(that characterizes any $n$-point correlation function) for large $N$ and show\nthat, when appropriately scaled, it depends only on dimension $d$, but has\notherwise universal scaling forms, at the edges. The edge kernel, for higher\n$d$, generalizes the Airy kernel in one dimension, well known from random\nmatrix theory.",
        "positive": "Analogue of Hamilton-Jacobi theory for the time-evolution operator: In this paper we develop an analogue of Hamilton-Jacobi theory for the\ntime-evolution operator of a quantum many-particle system. The theory offers a\nuseful approach to develop approximations to the time-evolution operator, and\nalso provides a unified framework and starting point for many well-known\napproximations to the time-evolution operator. In the important special case of\nperiodically driven systems at stroboscopic times, we find relatively simple\nequations for the coupling constants of the Floquet Hamiltonian, where a\nstraightforward truncation of the couplings leads to a powerful class of\napproximations. Using our theory, we construct a flow chart that illustrates\nthe connection between various common approximations, which also highlights\nsome missing connections and associated approximation schemes. These missing\nconnections turn out to imply an analytically accessible approximation that is\nthe \"inverse\" of a rotating frame approximation and thus has a range of\nvalidity complementary to it. We numerically test the various methods on the\none-dimensional Ising model to confirm the ranges of validity that one would\nexpect from the approximations used. The theory provides a map of the relations\nbetween the growing number of approximations for the time-evolution operator.\nWe describe these relations in a table showing the limitations and advantages\nof many common approximations, as well as the new approximations introduced in\nthis paper."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Algebraic and Analytic Properties of the One-Dimensional Hubbard Model: We reconsider the quantum inverse scattering approach to the one-dimensional\nHubbard model and work out some of its basic features so far omitted in the\nliterature. It is our aim to show that $R$-matrix and monodromy matrix of the\nHubbard model, which are known since ten years now, have good elementary\nproperties. We provide a meromorphic parametrization of the transfer matrix in\nterms of elliptic functions. We identify the momentum operator for lattice\nfermions in the expansion of the transfer matrix with respect to the spectral\nparameter and thereby show the locality and translational invariance of all\nhigher conserved quantities. We work out the transformation properties of the\nmonodromy matrix under the su(2) Lie algebra of rotations and under the\n$\\h$-pairing su(2) Lie algebra. Our results imply su(2)$\\oplus$su(2) invariance\nof the transfer matrix for the model on a chain with an even number of sites.",
        "positive": "Electron transfer channel in the sugar recognition system assembled on\n  nano gold particle: Existence of 1D spin diffusion in the electrochemical sugar recognition\nsystem consisting of a nano-sized gold particle (GNP), a ruthenium complex and\na phenylboronic acid was investigated by NMR and muSR. When sugar molecules are\nrecognized by the phenylboronic site, the response of electrochemical\nvoltammetry of the Ru site changes, enabling the system to work as a sensitive\nsugar-sensor. In this recognition process, the change in the electronic state\nat the boron site caused by sugar must be transferred to the Ru site via alkyl\nchains. We have utilized the muon-labelled electrons method and the proton NMR\nto find out a channel of the electron transfer from the phenylboronic acid site\nto the gold nano particle via the one dimensional alkyl chain. If this transfer\nis driven by diffusive spin channel, characteristic field dependence is\nexpected in the longitudinal spin relaxation rate of muSR and 1H-NMR. We have\nobserved significant decrease in the spin relaxation rates with increasing\napplied field. The result is discussed in terms of low dimensional spin\ndiffusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phenomenology of ageing in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation: We study ageing during surface growth processes described by the\none-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation. Starting from a flat initial\nstate, the systems undergo simple ageing in both correlators and linear\nresponses and its dynamical scaling is characterised by the ageing exponents\na=-1/3, b=-2/3, lambda_C=lambda_R=1 and z=3/2. The form of the autoresponse\nscaling function is well described by the recently constructed logarithmic\nextension of local scale-invariance.",
        "positive": "On the $RP^{N-1}$ and $CP^{N-1}$ universality classes: We recently determined the exact fixed point equations and the spaces of\nsolutions of the two-dimensional $RP^{N-1}$ and $CP^{N-1}$ models using scale\ninvariant scattering theory. Here we discuss subtleties hidden in some\nsolutions and related to the difference between ferromagnetic and\nantiferromagnetic interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Driven polymer translocation through a nanopore: a manifestation of\n  anomalous diffusion: We study the translocation dynamics of a polymer chain threaded through a\nnanopore by an external force. By means of diverse methods (scaling arguments,\nfractional calculus and Monte Carlo simulation) we show that the relevant\ndynamic variable, the translocated number of segments $s(t)$, displays an {\\em\nanomalous} diffusive behavior even in the {\\em presence} of an external force.\nThe anomalous dynamics of the translocation process is governed by the same\nuniversal exponent $\\alpha = 2/(2\\nu +2 - \\gamma_1)$, where $\\nu$ is the Flory\nexponent and $\\gamma_1$ - the surface exponent, which was established recently\nfor the case of non-driven polymer chain threading through a nanopore. A closed\nanalytic expression for the probability distribution function $W(s, t)$, which\nfollows from the relevant {\\em fractional} Fokker - Planck equation, is derived\nin terms of the polymer chain length $N$ and the applied drag force $f$. It is\nfound that the average translocation time scales as $\\tau \\propto\nf^{-1}N^{\\frac{2}{\\alpha} -1}$. Also the corresponding time dependent\nstatistical moments, $< s(t) > \\propto t^{\\alpha}$ and $< s(t)^2 > \\propto\nt^{2\\alpha}$ reveal unambiguously the anomalous nature of the translocation\ndynamics and permit direct measurement of $\\alpha$ in experiments. These\nfindings are tested and found to be in perfect agreement with extensive Monte\nCarlo (MC) simulations.",
        "positive": "Fundamental ingredients for the emergence of discontinuous phase\n  transitions in the majority vote model: Discontinuous transitions have received considerable interest due to the\nuncovering that many phenomena such as catastrophic changes, epidemic outbreaks\nand synchronization present a behavior signed by abrupt (macroscopic) changes\n(instead of smooth ones) as a tuning parameter is changed. However, in\ndifferent cases there are still scarce microscopic models reproducing such\nabove trademarks. With these ideas in mind, we investigate the fundamental\ningredients underpinning the discontinuous transition in one of the simplest\nsystems with up-down $Z_2$ symmetry recently ascertained in [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf\n95}, 042304 (2017)]. Such system, in the presence of an extra ingredient-the\ninertia- has its continuous transition being switched to a discontinuous one in\ncomplex networks. We scrutinize the role of three fundamental ingredients:\ninertia, system degree, and the lattice topology. Our analysis has been carried\nout for regular lattices and random regular networks with different node\ndegrees (interacting neighborhood) through mean-field treatment and numerical\nsimulations. Our findings reveal that not only the inertia but also the\nconnectivity constitute essential elements for shifting the phase transition.\nAstoundingly, they also manifest in low-dimensional regular topologies,\nexposing a scaling behavior entirely different than those from the complex\nnetworks case. Therefore, our findings put on firmer bases the essential issues\nfor the manifestation of discontinuous transitions in such relevant class of\nsystems with $Z_2$ symmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Edge of chaos of the classical kicked top map: Sensitivity to initial\n  conditions: We focus on the frontier between the chaotic and regular regions for the\nclassical version of the quantum kicked top. We show that the sensitivity to\nthe initial conditions is numerically well characterised by $\\xi=e_q^{\\lambda_q\nt}$, where $e_{q}^{x}\\equiv [ 1+(1-q) x]^{\\frac{1}{1-q}} (e_1^x=e^x)$, and\n$\\lambda_q$ is the $q$-generalization of the Lyapunov coefficient, a result\nthat is consistent with nonextensive statistical mechanics, based on the\nentropy $S_q=(1- \\sum_ip_i^q)/(q-1) (S_1 =-\\sum_i p_i \\ln p_i$). Our analysis\nshows that $q$ monotonically increases from zero to unity when the kicked-top\nperturbation parameter $\\alpha $ increases from zero (unperturbed top) to\n$\\alpha_c$, where $\\alpha_c \\simeq 3.2$. The entropic index $q$ remains equal\nto unity for $\\alpha \\ge \\alpha_c$, parameter values for which the phase space\nis fully chaotic.",
        "positive": "Ab initio Molecular Dynamical Investigation of the Finite Temperature\n  Behavior of the Tetrahedral Au$_{19}$ and Au$_{20}$ Clusters: Density functional molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out to\nunderstand the finite temperature behavior of Au$_{19}$ and Au$_{20}$ clusters.\nAu$_{20}$ has been reported to be a unique molecule having tetrahedral\ngeometry, a large HOMO-LUMO energy gap and an atomic packing similar to that of\nthe bulk gold (J. Li et al., Science, {\\bf 299} 864, 2003). Our results show\nthat the geometry of Au$_{19}$ is exactly identical to that of Au$_{20}$ with\none missing corner atom (called as vacancy). Surprisingly, our calculated heat\ncapacities for this nearly identical pair of gold cluster exhibit dramatic\ndifferences. Au$_{20}$ undergoes a clear and distinct solid like to liquid like\ntransition with a sharp peak in the heat capacity curve around 770 K. On the\nother hand, Au$_{19}$ has a broad and flat heat capacity curve with continuous\nmelting transition. This continuous melting transition turns out to be a\nconsequence of a process involving series of atomic rearrangements along the\nsurface to fill in the missing corner atom. This results in a restricted\ndiffusive motion of atoms along the surface of Au$_{19}$ between 650 K to 900 K\nduring which the shape of the ground state geometry is retained. In contrast,\nthe tetrahedral structure of Au$_{20}$ is destroyed around 800 K, and the\ncluster is clearly in a liquid like state above 1000 K. Thus, this work clearly\ndemonstrates that (i) the gold clusters exhibit size sensitive variations in\nthe heat capacity curves and (ii) the broad and continuous melting transition\nin a cluster, a feature which has so far been attributed to the disorder or\nabsence of symmetry in the system, can also be a consequence of a defect\n(absence of a cap atom) in the structure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variational approach to the scaling function of the 2D Ising model in a\n  magnetic field: The universal scaling function of the square lattice Ising model in a\nmagnetic field is obtained numerically via Baxter's variational corner transfer\nmatrix approach. The high precision numerical data is in perfect agreement with\nthe remarkable field theory results obtained by Fonseca and Zamolodchikov, as\nwell as with many previously known exact and numerical results for the 2D Ising\nmodel. This includes excellent agreement with analytic results for the magnetic\nsusceptibility obtained by Orrick, Nickel, Guttmann and Perk. In general the\nhigh precision of the numerical results underlines the potential and full power\nof the variational corner transfer matrix approach.",
        "positive": "Measuring the Viscosity and Time Correlation Functions in a Microscopic\n  Model of a Microemulsion: A dynamical lattice model is used to study the viscosity and the\nvelocity-velocity autocorrelation function in a microemulsion phase. We find\nevidence of anomalous viscosities in these phases (relative to water-rich\nand/or oil-rich phases), in qualitative agreement with other results. We also\ninvestigate the dynamic relaxation in the microemulsion phase. It has been\nsuggested that the temporal relaxation in the microemulsion phase may be\ndescribed by a stretched exponential Kolrausch-Williams-Watts law. In our\nmodel, we find the velocity-velocity autocorrelation function fits this law,\nshowing both enhanced (b>1) and inhibited (b<1) diffusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean squared displacement in a generalized L\u00e9vy walk model: L\\'evy walks represent a class of stochastic models (space-time coupled\ncontinuous time random walks) with applications ranging from the laser cooling\nto the description of animal motion. The initial model was intended for the\ndescription of turbulent dispersion as given by the Richardson's law. The\nexistence of this Richardson's regime in the original model was recently\nchallenged in the work by T. Albers and G. Radons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 104501\n(2018): the mean squared displacement (MSD) in this model diverges, i.e. does\nnot exist, in the regime, where it presumably should reproduce the Richardson's\nlaw. In the supplemental material to this work the authors present (but do not\ninvestigate in detail) a generalized model interpolating between the original\none and the Drude-like models known to show no divergences. In the present work\nwe give a detailed investigation of the ensemble MSD in this generalized model,\nshow that the behavior of the MSD in this model is the same (up to prefactiors)\nas in the original one in the domains where the MSD in the original model does\nexist, and investigate the conditions under which the MSD in the generalized\nmodel does exist or diverges. Both ordinary and aged situations are considered.",
        "positive": "Generalised Gibbs Ensemble for spherically constrained harmonic models: We build and analytically calculate the Generalised Gibbs Ensemble partition\nfunction of the integrable Soft Neumann Model. This is the model of a classical\nparticle which is constrained to move, on average over the initial conditions,\non an $N$ dimensional sphere, and feels the effect of anisotropic harmonic\npotentials. We derive all relevant averaged static observables in the\n(thermodynamic) $N\\rightarrow\\infty$ limit. We compare them to their long-term\ndynamic averages finding excellent agreement in all phases of a non-trivial\nphase diagram determined by the characteristics of the initial conditions and\nthe amount of energy injected or extracted in an instantaneous quench. We\ndiscuss the implications of our results for the proper Neumann model in which\nthe spherical constraint is imposed strictly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ergodicity of one-dimensional systems coupled to the logistic thermostat: We analyze the ergodicity of three one-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, with\nharmonic, quartic and Mexican-hat potentials, coupled to the logistic\nthermostat. As criteria for ergodicity we employ: the independence of the\nLyapunov spectrum with respect to initial conditions; the absence of visual\n\"holes\" in two-dimensional Poincar\\'e sections; the agreement between the\nhistograms in each variable and the theoretical marginal distributions; and the\nconvergence of the global joint distribution to the theoretical one, as\nmeasured by the Hellinger distance. Taking a large number of random initial\nconditions, for certain parameter values of the thermostat we find no\nindication of regular trajectories and show that the time distribution\nconverges to the ensemble one for an arbitrarily long trajectory for all the\nsystems considered. Our results thus provide a robust numerical indication that\nthe logistic thermostat can serve as a single one-parameter thermostat for\nstiff one-dimensional systems.",
        "positive": "Ordered Level Spacing Distribution in Embedded Random Matrix Ensembles: The probability distribution of the closest neighbor and farther neighbor\nspacings from a given level have been studied for interacting fermion/boson\nsystems with and without spin degree of freedom constructed using an embedded\nGOE of one plus random two-body interactions. Our numerical results demonstrate\na very good consistency with the recently derived analytical expressions using\na $3 \\times 3$ random matrix model and other related quantities by Srivastava\net. al [{\\it J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.} {\\bf 52} 025101 (2019)]. This\nestablishes conclusively that local level fluctuations generated by embedded\nensembles (EE) follow the results of classical Gaussian ensembles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Static triplet correlations in glass-forming liquids: A molecular\n  dynamics study: We present a numerical evaluation of the three-point static correlations\nfunctions of the Kob-Andersen Lennard-Jones binary mixture and of its purely\nrepulsive, Weeks-Chandler-Andersen variant. In the glassy regime, the two\nmodels possess a similar pair structure, yet their dynamics differ markedly.\nThe static triplet correlation functions S^(3) indicate that the local ordering\nis more pronounced in the Lennard-Jones model, an observation consistent with\nits slower dynamics. A comparison of the direct triplet correlation functions\nc^(3) reveals that these structural differences are due, to a good extent, to\nan amplification of the small discrepancies observed at the pair level. We\ndemonstrate the existence of a broad, positive peak at small wave-vectors and\nangles in c^(3). In this portion of k-space, slight, systematic differences\nbetween the models are observed, revealing \"genuine\" three-body contributions\nto the triplet structure. The possible role of the low-k features of c^(3) and\nthe implications of our results for dynamic theories of the glass transition\nare discussed.",
        "positive": "Identifying the Huse-Fisher universality class of the three-state chiral\n  Potts model: Using the corner-transfer matrix renormalization group approach, we revisit\nthe three-state chiral Potts model on the square lattice, a model proposed in\nthe eighties to describe commensurate-incommensurate transitions at surfaces,\nand with direct relevance to recent experiments on chains of Rydberg atoms.\nThis model was suggested by Huse and Fisher to have a chiral transition in the\nvicinity of the Potts point, a possibility that turned out to be very difficult\nto definitely establish or refute numerically. Our results confirm that the\ntransition changes character at a Lifshitz point that separates a line of\nPokrosky-Talapov transition far enough from the Potts point from a line of\ndirect continuous order-disorder transition close to it. Thanks to the accuracy\nof the numerical results, we have been able to base the analysis entirely on\neffective exponents to deal with the crossovers that have hampered previous\nnumerical investigations. The emerging picture is that of a new universality\nclass with exponents that do not change between the Potts point and the\nLifshitz point, and that are consistent with those of a self-dual version of\nthe model, namely correlation lengths exponents $\\nu_x=2/3$ in the direction of\nthe asymmetry and $\\nu_y=1$ perpendicular to it, an incommensurability exponent\n$\\bar \\beta=2/3$, a specific heat exponent that keeps the value $\\alpha=1/3$ of\nthe three-state Potts model, and a dynamical exponent $z=3/2$. These results\nare in excellent agreement with experimental results obtained on reconstructed\nsurfaces in the nineties, and shed light on recent Kibble-Zurek experiments on\nthe period-3 phase of chains of Rydberg atoms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Physics of Traffic Flow: The modelling of traffic flow using methods and models from physics has a\nlong history. In recent years especially cellular automata models have allowed\nfor large-scale simulations of large traffic networks faster than real time. On\nthe other hand, these systems are interesting for physicists since they allow\nto observe genuine nonequilibrium effects. Here the current status of cellular\nautomata models for traffic flow is reviewed with special emphasis on\nnonequilibrium effects (e.g. phase transitions) induced by on- and off-ramps.",
        "positive": "Thermal transport in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam model with long-range\n  interactions: We study the thermal transport properties of the one dimensional\nFermi-Pasta-Ulam model ($\\beta$-type) with long-range interactions. The\nstrength of the long-range interaction decreases with the (shortest) distance\nbetween the lattice sites as ${distance}^{-\\delta}$, where $\\delta \\ge 0$.Two\nLangevin heat baths at unequal temperatures are connected to the ends of the\none dimensional lattice via short-range harmonic interactions that drive the\nsystem away from thermal equilibrium. In the nonequilibrium steady state the\nheat current, thermal conductivity and temperature profiles are computed by\nsolving the equations of motion numerically. It is found that the conductivity\n$\\kappa$ has an interesting non-monotonic dependence with $\\delta$ with a\nmaximum at $\\delta = 2.0$ for this model. Moreover, at $\\delta = 2.0$, $\\kappa$\ndiverges almost linearly with system size $N$ and the temperature profile has a\nnegligible slope, as one expects in ballistic transport for an integrable\nsystem. We demonstrate that the non-monotonic behavior of the conductivity and\nthe nearly ballistic thermal transport at $\\delta = 2.0$ obtained under\nnonequilibrium conditions can be explained consistently by studying the\nvariation of largest Lyapunov exponent $\\lambda_{max}$ with $\\delta$, and\nexcess energy diffusion in the equilibrium microcanonical system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport properties of the classical Toda chain: effect of a pinning\n  potential: We consider energy transport in the classical Toda chain in the presence of\nan additional pinning potential. The pinning potential is expected to destroy\nthe integrability of the system and an interesting question is to see the\nsignatures of this breaking of integrability on energy transport. We\ninvestigate this by a study of the non-equilibrium steady state of the system\nconnected to heat baths as well as the study of equilibrium correlations.\nTypical signatures of integrable systems are a size-independent energy current,\na flat bulk temperature profile and ballistic scaling of equilibrium dynamical\ncorrelations, these results being valid in the thermodynamic limit. We find\nthat, as expected, these properties change drastically on introducing the\npinning potential in the Toda model. In particular, we find that the effect of\na harmonic pinning potential is drastically smaller at low temperatures,\ncompared to a quartic pinning potential. We explain this by noting that at low\ntemperatures the Toda potential can be approximated by a harmonic\ninter-particle potential for which the addition of harmonic pinning does not\ndestroy integrability.",
        "positive": "Learned Mappings for Targeted Free Energy Perturbation between Peptide\n  Conformations: Targeted free energy perturbation uses an invertible mapping to promote\nconfiguration space overlap and the convergence of free energy estimates.\nHowever, developing suitable mappings can be challenging. Wirnsberger et al.\n(2020) demonstrated the use of machine learning to train deep neural networks\nthat map between Boltzmann distributions for different thermodynamic states.\nHere, we adapt their approach to free energy differences of a flexible bonded\nmolecule, deca-alanine, with harmonic biases with different spring centers.\nWhen the neural network is trained until ``early stopping'' - when the loss\nvalue of the test set increases - we calculate accurate free energy differences\nbetween thermodynamic states with spring centers separated by 1 \\r{A} and\nsometimes 2 \\r{A}. For more distant thermodynamic states, the mapping does not\nproduce structures representative of the target state and the method does not\nreproduce reference calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Irreversible Evolution of Open Systems and the Nonequilibrium\n  Statistical Operator Method: The effective approach to the foundation of the nonequilibrium statistical\nmechanics on the basis of dynamics was formulated by Bogoliubov in his seminal\nworks. His ideas of reduced description were proved as very powerful and found\na broad applicability to quite general time-dependent problems of physics and\nmechanics. In this paper we analyzed thoroughly the time evolution of open\nsystems in context of the nonequilibrium statistical operator method (NSO).\nThis method extends the statistical method of Gibbs to irreversible processes\nand incorporates the ideas of reduced description. The purpose of the present\nstudy was to elucidate the basic aspects of the NSO method and some few\nselected approaches to the nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. The suitable\nprocedure of averaging (smoothing) and the notion of irreversibility were\ndiscussed in this context. We were focused on the physical consistency of the\nmethod as well as on its operational ability to emphasize and address a few\nimportant reasons for such a workability.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamic Modes for Granular Gases: The eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the linearized Boltzmann equation for\ninelastic hard spheres (d=3) or disks (d=2) corresponding to d+2 hydrodynamic\nmodes, are calculated in the long wavelength limit for a granular gas. The\ntransport coefficients are identified and found to agree with those from the\nChapman-Enskog solution. The dominance of hydrodynamic modes at long times and\nlong wavelengths is studied via an exactly solvable kinetic model. A\ncollisional continuum is bounded away from the hydrodynamic spectrum, assuring\na hydrodynamic description at long times. The bound is closely related to the\npower law decay of the velocity distribution in the reference homogeneous\ncooling state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microcanonical Szil\u00e1rd engines beyond the quasistatic regime: We discuss the possibility of extracting energy from a single thermal bath\nusing microcanonical Szil\\'ard engines operating in finite time. This extends\nprevious works on the topic which are restricted to the quasistatic regime. The\nfeedback protocol is implemented based on linear response predictions of the\nexcess work. It is claimed that the underlying mechanism leading to energy\nextraction does not violate Liouville's theorem and preserves ergodicity\nthroughout the cycle. We illustrate our results with several examples including\nan exactly solvable model.",
        "positive": "Different approaches in the theory of the metastable phase decay on\n  several types of heterogeneous centers: The situation of the metastable phase decay on the several types of\nheterogeneous centers is considered. The iteration procedure is formulated and\nwith the help of the avalanche consumption property all iterations can be\ncalculated. The same procedure is done for the monodisperse approximation. Here\nthe avalnche consumption is also used to calculate iterations. It is shown that\nall iterations with a high number have one and the same structure. It allows to\nobtain the functional form of solution and to formulate directly an equation on\nthe parameter of this functional form."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dimensional Regularization of Renyi's Statistical Mechanics: We show that typical Renyi's statistical mechanics' quantifiers exhibit\npoles. We are referring to the partition function ${\\cal Z}$ and the mean\nenergy $<{\\cal U}>$. Renyi's entropy is characterized by a real parameter\n$\\alpha$. The poles emerge in a numerable set of rational numbers belonging to\nthe $\\alpha-$line. Physical effects of these poles are studied by appeal to\ndimensional regularization, as usual. Interesting effects are found, as for\ninstance, gravitational ones.",
        "positive": "Critical fluctuations of time-dependent magnetization in a random-field\n  Ising model: Cooperative behaviors near the disorder-induced critical point in a random\nfield Ising model are numerically investigated by analyzing time-dependent\nmagnetization in ordering processes from a special initial condition. We find\nthat the intensity of fluctuations of time-dependent magnetization, $\\chi(t)$,\nattains a maximum value at a time $t=\\tau$ in a normal phase and that\n$\\chi(\\tau)$ and $\\tau$ exhibit divergences near the disorder-induced critical\npoint. Furthermore, spin configurations around the time $\\tau$ are\ncharacterized by a length scale, which also exhibits a divergence near the\ncritical point. We estimate the critical exponents that characterize these\npower-law divergences by using a finite-size scaling method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Growing random networks under constraints: We study the evolution of a random graph under the constraint that the\ndiameter remain constant as the graph grows. We show that if the graph\nmaintains the form of its link distribution it must be scale-free with exponent\nbetween 2 and 3. These uniqueness results may help explain the scale-free\nnature of graphs, of varying sizes, representing the evolved metabolic pathways\nin 43 organisms.",
        "positive": "A self-referred approach to lacunarity: This letter describes an approach to lacunarity which adopts the pattern\nunder analysis as the reference for the sliding window procedure. The\nsuperiority of such a scheme with respect to more traditional methodologies,\nespecially when dealing with finite-size objects, is established and\nillustrated through applications to DLA pattern characterization. It is also\nshown that, given the enhanced accuracy and sensitivity of this scheme, the\nshape of the window becomes an important parameter, with advantage for circular\nwindows."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviations for the Skew-Detailed-Balance Lifted-Markov processes\n  to sample the equilibrium distribution of the Curie-Weiss model: Among the Markov chains breaking detailed-balance that have been proposed in\nthe field of Monte-Carlo sampling in order to accelerate the convergence\ntowards the steady state with respect to the detailed-balance dynamics, the\nidea of 'Lifting' consists in duplicating the configuration space into two\ncopies $\\sigma=\\pm$ and in imposing directed flows in each copy in order to\nexplore the configuration space more efficiently. The skew-detailed-balance\nLifted-Markov-chain introduced by K. S. Turitsyn, M. Chertkov and M. Vucelja\n[Physica D Nonlinear Phenomena 240 , 410 (2011)] is revisited for the\nCurie-Weiss mean-field ferromagnetic model, where the dynamics for the\nmagnetization is closed. The large deviations at various levels for empirical\ntime-averaged observables are analyzed and compared with their detailed-balance\ncounterparts, both for the discrete extensive magnetization $M$ and for the\ncontinuous intensive magnetization $m=\\frac{M}{N}$ for large system-size $N$.",
        "positive": "Ordering in magnetic films with surface anisotropy: Effects of the surface exchange anisotropy on ordering of ferromagnetic films\nare studied for the exactly solvable classical spin-vector model with D \\to\n\\infty components. For small surface anisotropy \\eta'_s << 1 (defined relative\nto the exchange interaction), the shift of T_c in a film consisting of N >> 1\nlayers behaves as T_c^{\\rm bulk} - T_c(N) ~ (1/N)\\ln(1/\\eta'_s) in three\ndimensions. The finite-size-scaling limit T_c^{\\rm bulk} - T_c(N) \\propto\n1/(\\eta'^{1/2}N^2), which is realized for the model with a bulk anisotropy\n\\eta' << 1 in the range N\\eta'^{1/2} >~ 1, never appears for the model with the\npure surface anisotropy. Here for N\\exp(-1/\\eta'_s) >~ 1 in three dimensions,\nfilm orders at a temperature above T_c^{\\rm bulk} (the surface phase\ntransition). In the semi-infinite geometry, the surface phase transition occurs\nfor whatever small values of \\eta'_s (i.e., the special phase transition\ncorresponds to T_c^{\\rm bulk}) in dimensions three and lower."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Delay before synchronization and its role in latency of sensory\n  awareness: Here we show that for coupled-map systems, the length of the transient prior\nto synchronization is both dependant on the coupling strength and dynamics of\nconnections: systems with fixed connections and with no self-coupling display\nquasi-instantaneous synchronization. Too strong tendency for synchronization\nwould in terms of brain dynamics be expected to be a pathological case. We\nrelate how the time to synchrony depends on coupling strength and connection\ndynamics to the latency between neuronal stimulation and conscious awareness.\nWe suggest that this latency can be identified with the delay before a\nthreshold level of synchrony is achieved between distinct regions within the\nbrain, as suggested by recent empirical evidence, in which case the latency can\neasily be understood as the inevitable delay before such synchrony builds-up.\nThis is demonstrated here through the study of simplistic coupled-map models.",
        "positive": "Aspects of nucleation on curved and flat surfaces: We investigate the energetics of droplets sourced by the thermal fluctuations\nin a system undergoing a first-order transition. In particular, we confine our\nstudies to two dimensions with explicit calulations in the plane and on the\nsphere. Using an isoperimetric inequality from the differential geometry\nliterature and a theorem on the inequality's saturation, we show how geometry\ninforms the critical droplet size and shape. This inequality establishes a\n\"mean field\" result for nucleated droplets. We then study the effects of\nfluctuations on the interfaces of droplets in two dimensions, treating the\ndroplet interface as a fluctuating line. We emphasize that care is needed in\nderiving the line curvature energy from the Landau-Ginzburg energy functional\nand in interpreting the scalings of the nucleation rate with the size of the\ndroplet. We end with a comparison of nucleation in the plane and on a sphere."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Yang-Yang Anomalies and Coexistence Diameters: Simulation of Asymmetric\n  Fluids: A general method for estimating the Yang-Yang ratio, ${\\cal R}_{\\mu}$, and\nthe coexistence-curve diameter of a model fluid via Monte Carlo simulations is\npresented on the basis of data for a hard-core square-well (HCSW) fluid and the\nrestricted primitive model (RPM) electrolyte. The isothermal minima of\n$Q_{L}\\equiv< m^{2}>^{2}_{L}/< m^{4}>_{L}$ are evaluated at $T_{c}$ in an\n$L\\times L\\times L$ box where $m = \\rho - <\\rho>_{L}$ is the density\nfluctuation. The ``complete'' finite-size scaling theory for the\n$Q_{\\scriptsize min}^{\\pm}(T_{c};L)$ incorporates pressure mixing in the\nscaling fields, thereby allowing for a Yang-Yang anomaly.",
        "positive": "Stability of temporal statistics in Transition Path Theory with sparse\n  data: Transition Path Theory (TPT) provides a rigorous statistical characterization\nof the ensemble of trajectories connecting directly, i.e., without detours, two\ndisconnected (sets of) states in a Markov chain, a stochastic process that\nundergoes transitions from one state to another with probability depending on\nthe state attained in the previous step. Markov chains can be constructed using\ntrajectory data via counting of transitions between cells covering the domain\nspanned by trajectories. With sparse trajectory data, the use of regular cells\nis observed to result in unstable estimates of the total duration of transition\npaths. Using Voronoi cells resulting from k-means clustering of the trajectory\ndata, we obtain stable estimates of this TPT statistic, which is generalized to\nframe the remaining duration of transition paths, a new TPT statistic suitable\nfor investigating connectivity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Violating of the classical Essam-Fisher and Rushbrooke formulas for\n  quantum phase transitions: The classical Essam-Fisher and Rushbrooke relationships (1963) that connect\nthe equilibrium critical exponents of susceptibility, specific heat and order\nparameter are shown to be valid only if the critical temperature is positive.\nFor quantum phase transitions (PT) with zero critical temperature, these\nrelations are proved to be of different form. This fact has been actually\nobserved experimentally, but the reasons were not quite clear. A general\nformula containing the classical results as a special case is proposed. This\nformula is applicable to all equilibrium PT of any space dimension. The\npredictions of the theory are consistent with the available experimental data\nand do not cast any doubts upon the scaling hypothesis.",
        "positive": "Zero temperature phase transitions and their anomalous influence on\n  thermodynamic behavior in the q-state Potts model on a diamond chain: The q-state Potts model on a diamond chain has mathematical significance in\nanalyzing phase transitions and critical behaviors in diverse fields, including\nstatistical physics, condensed matter physics, and materials science. By\nfocusing on the 3-state Potts model on a diamond chain, we reveal rich and\nanalytically solvable behaviors without phase transitions at finite\ntemperatures. Upon investigating thermodynamic properties such as internal\nenergy, entropy, specific heat, and correlation length, we observe sharp\nchanges near zero temperature. Magnetic properties, including magnetization and\nmagnetic susceptibility, display distinct behaviors that provide insights into\nspin configurations in different phases. However, the Potts model lacks genuine\nphase transitions at finite temperatures, in line with the Peierls argument for\none-dimensional systems. Nonetheless, in the general case of an arbitrary\n$q$-state, magnetic properties such as correlation length, magnetization, and\nmagnetic susceptibility exhibit intriguing remnants of a zero-temperature phase\ntransition at finite temperatures. Furthermore, residual entropy uncovers\nunusual frustrated regions at zero-temperature phase transitions. This feature\nleads to the peculiar thermodynamic properties of phase boundaries, including a\nsharp entropy change resembling a first-order discontinuity without an entropy\njump, and pronounced peaks in second-order derivatives of free energy,\nsuggestive of a second-order phase transition divergence, but without\nsingularities. This unusual behavior is also observed in the correlation length\nat the pseudo-critical temperature, which could potentially be misleading as a\ndivergence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Incipient Spanning Clusters in Square and Cubic Percolation: The analysis of extensive numerical data for the percolation probabilities of\nincipient spanning clusters in two dimensional percolation at criticality are\npresented. We developed an effective code for the single-scan version of the\nHoshen-Kopelman algorithm. We measured the probabilities on the square lattice\nforming samples of rectangular strips with widths from 8 to 256 sites and\nlengths up to 3200 sites. At total of more than $10^{15}$ random numbers are\ngenerated for the sampling procedure. Our data confirm the proposed exact\nformulaes for the probability exponents conjectured recently on the base of 2D\nconformal field theory. Some preliminary results for 3D percolation are also\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Comment on `Series expansions from the corner transfer matrix\n  renormalization group method: the hard-squares model': Earlier this year Chan extended the low-density series for the hard-squares\npartition function $\\kappa(z)$ to 92 terms. Here we analyse this extended\nseries focusing on the behaviour at the dominant singularity $z_d$ which lies\non on the negative fugacity axis. We find that the series has a confluent\nsingularity of order 2 at $z_d$ with exponents $\\theta=0.83333(2)$ and\n$\\theta'= 1.6676(3)$. We thus confirm that the exponent $\\theta$ has the exact\nvalue $\\frac56$ as observed by Dhar."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information geometry of excess and housekeeping entropy production: A nonequilibrium system is characterized by a set of thermodynamic forces and\nfluxes which give rise to entropy production (EP). We show that these forces\nand fluxes have an information-geometric structure, which allows us to\ndecompose EP into contributions from different types of forces in general\n(linear and nonlinear) discrete systems. We focus on the excess and\nhousekeeping decomposition, which separates contributions from conservative and\nnonconservative forces. Unlike the Hatano-Sasa decomposition, our\nhousekeeping/excess terms are always well-defined, including in systems with\nodd variables and nonlinear systems without steady states. Our decomposition\nleads to far-from-equilibrium thermodynamic uncertainty relations and speed\nlimits. As an illustration, we derive a thermodynamic bound on the time\nnecessary for one cycle in a chemical oscillator.",
        "positive": "Filler-Induced Composition Waves in Phase-Separating Polymer Blends: The influence of immobile filler particles (spheres, fibers, platelets) on\npolymer blend phase separation is investigated computationally using a\ngeneralization of the Cahn-Hilliard-Cook (CHC) model. Simulation shows that the\nselective affinity of one of the polymers for the filler surface leads to the\ndevelopment of concentration waves about the filler particles at an early stage\nof phase separation in near critical composition blends. These \"target\"\npatterns are overtaken in late stage phase separation by a growing \"background\"\nspinodal pattern characteristic of blends without filler particles. The\nlinearized CHC model is used to estimate the number of composition oscillations\nemanating from isolated filler particles. In far-off-critical composition\nblends, an \"encapsulation layer\" grows at the surface of the filler rather than\na target pattern. The results of these simulations compare favorably with\nexperiments on filled phase separating blend films."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Liquid-solid transitions in the three-body hard-core model: We determine the phase diagram for a generalisation of two-and\nthree-dimensional hard spheres: a classical system with three-body interactions\nrealised as a hard cut-off on the mean-square distance for each triplet of\nparticles. Quantum versions of this model are important in the context of the\nunitary Bose gas, which is currently under close theoretical and experimental\nscrutiny. In two dimensions, the three-body hard-core model possesses a\nconventional atomic liquid phase and a peculiar solid phase formed by dimers.\nThese dimers interact effectively as hard disks. In three dimensions, the solid\nphase consists of isolated atoms that arrange in a simple-hexagonal lattice.",
        "positive": "Random perfect lattices and the sphere packing problem: Motivated by the search for best lattice sphere packings in Euclidean spaces\nof large dimensions we study randomly generated perfect lattices in moderately\nlarge dimensions (up to d=19 included). Perfect lattices are relevant in the\nsolution of the problem of lattice sphere packing, because the best lattice\npacking is a perfect lattice and because they can be generated easily by an\nalgorithm. Their number however grows super-exponentially with the dimension so\nto get an idea of their properties we propose to study a randomized version of\nthe algorithm and to define a random ensemble with an effective temperature in\na way reminiscent of a Monte-Carlo simulation. We therefore study the\ndistribution of packing fractions and kissing numbers of these ensembles and\nshow how as the temperature is decreased the best know packers are easily\nrecovered. We find that, even at infinite temperature, the typical perfect\nlattices are considerably denser than known families (like A_d and D_d) and we\npropose two hypotheses between which we cannot distinguish in this paper: one\nin which they improve Minkowsky's bound phi\\sim 2^{-(0.84+-0.06) d}, and a\ncompetitor, in which their packing fraction decreases super-exponentially,\nnamely phi\\sim d^{-a d} but with a very small coefficient a=0.06+-0.04. We also\nfind properties of the random walk which are suggestive of a glassy system\nalready for moderately small dimensions. We also analyze local structure of\nnetwork of perfect lattices conjecturing that this is a scale-free network in\nall dimensions with constant scaling exponent 2.6+-0.1."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of Non Gaussian Noises on the Stochastic Resonance-Like\n  Phenomenon in Gated Traps: We exploit a simple one-dimensional trapping model introduced before,\nprompted by the problem of ion current across a biological membrane. The\nvoltage-sensitive channels are open or closed depending on the value taken by\nan external potential that has two contributions: a deterministic periodic and\na stochastic one. Here we assume that the noise source is colored and non\nGaussian, with a $q$-dependent probability distribution (where $q$ is a\nparameter indicating the departure from Gaussianity). We analyze the behavior\nof the oscillation amplitude as a function of both $q$ and the noise\ncorrelation time. The main result is that in addition to the resonant-like\nmaximum as a function of the noise intensity, there is a new resonant maximum\nas a function of the parameter $q$.",
        "positive": "Frustrations and orderings in Ising chain with multiple interactions: The frustration properties of the Ising model on a one-dimensional monoatomic\nequidistant lattice are investigated taking into account the exchange\ninteractions of atomic spins at the sites of the first (nearest), second\n(next-nearest) and third neighbors. The exact solution of the model was\nobtained using the Kramers--Wannier transfer matrix method. The types of\nmagnetic ordering of the ground state of the model are determined, and a\nmagnetic phase diagram is constructed. Criteria are formulated for the\noccurrence of magnetic frustrations in the presence of competition between the\nenergies of exchange interactions. Non-zero entropy values in the ground state\nof the frustrated system were found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum phase transitions in fully connected spin models: an\n  entanglement perspective: We consider a set of fully connected spins models that display first- or\nsecond-order transitions and for which we compute the ground-state entanglement\nin the thermodynamical limit. We analyze several entanglement measures\n(concurrence, R\\'enyi entropy, and negativity), and show that, in general,\ndiscontinuous transitions lead to a jump of these quantities at the transition\npoint. Interestingly, we also find examples where this is not the case.",
        "positive": "Interface roughening with nonlinear surface tension: Using stability arguments, this Brief Report suggests that a term that\nenhances the surface tension in the presence of large height fluctuations\nshould be included in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation. A one-loop\nrenormalization group analysis then shows for interface dimensions larger than\n$\\simeq 3.3$ an unstable strong-coupling fixed point that enters the system\nfrom infinity. The relevance of these results to the roughening transition is\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correcting the Mistaken Identification of Nonequilibrium Microscopic\n  Work: The energy change dE_k for the kth microstate is erroneously equated with the\nexternal work done on the microstate. It ignores the ubiquitous internal energy\nchange d_iW_k due to force imbalance between the internal and external forces.\nWe show that this contribution is present even in a reversible process, which\nis a surprise. We show that the correct identification is dE_k=-dW_k, where\ndW_k is the generalized work done by the microstate. We prove that the\nthermodynamic average of the internal work gives dissipation and is not\ncaptured by the external work. The latter effectively sets d_iW_k =0 and\nresults in no dissipation. Using dW_k to account for irreversibility, we obtain\na new work relation that works even for free expansion, where the Jarzynski\nequality fails. In the new work relation, dW_k depends only on the energies of\nthe initial and final states and not on the actual process. This makes the new\nrelation very different from the Jarzynski equality. The correction has\nfar-reaching consequences and requires reassessment of current applications of\nexternal work in theoretical physics.",
        "positive": "Reduced Density Matrix after a Quantum Quench: We consider the reduced density matrix (RDM) \\rho_A(t) for a finite subsystem\nA after a global quantum quench in the infinite transverse-field Ising chain.\nIt has been recently shown that the infinite time limit of \\rho_A(t) is\ndescribed by the RDM \\rho_{GGE,A} of a generalized Gibbs ensemble. Here we\npresent some details on how to construct this ensemble in terms of local\nintegrals of motion, and show its equivalence to the expression in terms of\nmode occupation numbers widely used in the literature. We then address the\nquestion, how \\rho_A(t) approaches \\rho_{GGE,A} as a function of time. To that\nend we introduce a distance on the space of density matrices and show that it\napproaches zero as a universal power-law t^{-3/2} in time. As the RDM\ncompletely determines all local observables within A, this provides information\non the relaxation of correlation functions of local operators. We then address\nthe issue, of how well a truncated generalized Gibbs ensemble with a finite\nnumber of local higher conservation laws describes a given subsystem at late\ntimes. We find that taking into account only local conservation laws with a\nrange at most comparable to the subsystem size provides a good description.\nHowever, excluding even a single one of the most local conservation laws in\ngeneral completely spoils this agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal entanglement between non-nearest-neighbor spins on fractal\n  lattices: We investigate thermal entanglement between two non-nearest-neighbor sites in\nferromagnetic Heisenberg chain and on fractal lattices by means of the\ndecimation renormalization-group (RG) method. It is found that the entanglement\ndecreases with increasing temperature and it disappears beyond a critical value\nT_{c}. Thermal entanglement at a certain temperature first increases with the\nincrease of the anisotropy parameter {\\Delta} and then decreases sharply to\nzero when {\\Delta} is close to the isotropic point. We also show how the\nentanglement evolves as the size of the system L becomes large via the RG\nmethod. As L increases, for the spin chain and Koch curve the entanglement\nbetween two terminal spins is fragile and vanishes when L\\geq17, but for two\nkinds of diamond-type hierarchical (DH) lattices the entanglement is rather\nrobust and can exist even when L becomes very large. Our result indicates that\nthe special fractal structure can affect the change of entanglement with system\nsize.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in optimal strategies for betting: Kelly's criterion is a betting strategy that maximizes the long term growth\nrate, but which is known to be risky. Here, we find optimal betting strategies\nthat gives the highest capital growth rate while keeping a certain low value of\nrisky fluctuations. We then analyze the trade-off between the average and the\nfluctuations of the growth rate, in models of horse races, first for two horses\nthen for an arbitrary number of horses, and for uncorrelated or correlated\nraces. We find an analog of a phase transition with a coexistence between two\noptimal strategies, where one has risk and the other one does not. The above\ntrade-off is also embodied in a general bound on the average growth rate,\nsimilar to thermodynamic uncertainty relations. We also prove mathematically\nthe absence of other phase transitions between Kelly's point and the risk free\nstrategy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reaction-diffusion with a time-dependent reaction rate: the\n  single-species diffusion-annihilation process: We study the single-species diffusion-annihilation process with a\ntime-dependent reaction rate, lambda(t)=lambda_0 t^-omega. Scaling arguments\nshow that there is a critical value of the decay exponent omega_c(d) separating\na reaction-limited regime for omega > omega_c from a diffusion-limited regime\nfor omega < omega_c. The particle density displays a mean-field,\nomega-dependent, decay when the process is reaction limited whereas it behaves\nas for a constant reaction rate when the process is diffusion limited. These\nresults are confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations. They allow us to discuss the\nscaling behaviour of coupled diffusion-annihilation processes in terms of\neffective time-dependent reaction rates.",
        "positive": "Inelastic collisions as a source of entropy?: Activation/deactivation by inelastic collisions have been extensively studied\nat unimolecular reactions in gas phase where they are crucial for\nequilibration. As equilibration means an increase of entropy, the mechanism can\nalso be considered responsible for entropy production. Theoretical treatments\nshow a remarkable agreement with experiments. They rest upon the assumption of\nstochastic quantum transitions. Under this premise, master equations have been\nused that are known to deliver equilibria and entropy production.\n  Here we examine the hypothesis that the ubiquitous inelastic interactions in\ngas and liquid phase may represent a source of entropy beyond chemical\nreactions, rotational activation/deactivation being the prevailing mechanism in\ngas dynamics at room temperature. For a quantum mechanical two-state model the\nmaster equations are formulated which yield entropy production and\nequilibration in translational degrees of freedom until, at conserved energy, a\nstationary Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is reached.\n  The relaxation rates show features that can be checked by monitoring thermal\nrelaxation in gas phase. Depending on the composition, first or second order\nprocesses are predicted. The temperature dependence is determined by the\nactivation energy of the lowest transition. Thus, experimental verification\nwill allow to decide to which extent this hypothesis describes thermal\nrelaxation. It would support a connection between the macroscopic second law of\nthermodynamics and the microscopic stochastic collapse in quantum mechanics,\nboth experimentally secured facts which in theory emerge as special elements\nbeyond Hamiltonian dynamics.\n  It is also shown that inelastic collisions are connected with\nvelocity-dependent forces and result in a new analog of the Fokker-Planck\nequation where they replace Langevin dynamics as a non-Hamiltonian dissipative\nmechanism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theoretical analysis for critical fluctuations of relaxation trajectory\n  near a saddle-node bifurcation: A Langevin equation whose deterministic part undergoes a saddle-node\nbifurcation is investigated theoretically. It is found that statistical\nproperties of relaxation trajectories in this system exhibit divergent\nbehaviors near a saddle-node bifurcation point in the weak-noise limit, while\nthe final value of the deterministic solution changes discontinuously at the\npoint. A systematic formulation for analyzing a path probability measure is\nconstructed on the basis of a singular perturbation method. In this\nformulation, the critical nature turns out to originate from the neutrality of\nexiting time from a saddle-point. The theoretical calculation explains results\nof numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Segregation of granular binary mixtures by a ratchet mechanism: We report on a segregation scheme for granular binary mixtures, where the\nsegregation is performed by a ratchet mechanism realized by a vertically shaken\nasymmetric sawtooth-shaped base in a quasi-two-dimensional box. We have studied\nthis system by computer simulations and found that most binary mixtures can be\nsegregated using an appropriately chosen ratchet, even when the particles in\nthe two components have the same size, and differ only in their normal\nrestitution coefficient or friction coefficient. These results suggest that the\ncomponents of otherwise non-segregating granular mixtures may be separated\nusing our method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Mechanics of Low Angle Grain Boundaries in Two Dimensions: We explore order in low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) embedded in a\ntwo-dimensional crystal at thermal equilibrium. Symmetric LAGBs subject to a\nperiodic Peierls potential undergo, with increasing temperatures, a thermal\ndepinning transition, above which the potential is irrelevant at long\nwavelengths and the LAGB exhibits transverse fluctuations that grow\nlogarithmically with inter-dislocation distance. Longitudinal fluctuations lead\nto a series of melting transitions marked by the sequential disappearance of\ndiverging algebraic Bragg peaks with universal critical exponents. Aspects of\nour theory are checked by a mapping onto random matrix theory.",
        "positive": "Dynamical synapses causing self-organized criticality in neural networks: We show that a network of spiking neurons exhibits robust self-organized\ncriticality if the synaptic efficacies follow realistic dynamics. Deriving\nanalytical expressions for the average coupling strengths and inter-spike\nintervals, we demonstrate that networks with dynamical synapses exhibit\ncritical avalanche dynamics for a wide range of interaction parameters. We\nprove that in the thermodynamical limit the network becomes critical for all\nlarge enough coupling parameters. We thereby explain experimental observations\nin which cortical neurons show avalanche activity with the total intensity of\nfiring events being distributed as a power-law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probing Lee-Yang zeros and coherence sudden death: As a foundation of statistical physics, Lee and Yang in 1952 proved that the\npartition functions of thermal systems can be zero at certain points (called\nLee-Yang zeros) on the complex plane of temperature. In the thermodynamic\nlimit, the Lee-Yang zeros approach to real numbers at the critical temperature.\nHowever, the imaginary Lee-Yang zeros have not been regarded as experimentally\nobservable since they occur at imaginary field or temperature, which are\nunphysical. Here we show that the coherence of a probe spin weakly coupled to a\nmany-body system presents zeros as a function of time that are one-to-one\nmapped to the Lee-Yang zeros of the many-body system. In the thermodynamic\nlimit, of which the Lee-Yang zeros form a continuum, the probe spin coherence\npresents a sudden death at the edge singularities of the Lee-Yang zeros. By\nmeasuring the probe spin coherence, one can directly reconstruct the partition\nfunction of a many-body system. These discoveries establish a profound relation\nbetween two most fundamental quantities in the physical world, time and\ntemperature, and also provide a universal approach to studying interacting\nmany-body systems through measuring coherence of only one probe spin (or one\nqubit in quantum computing).",
        "positive": "Overlaps with arbitrary two-site states in the XXZ spin chain: We present a conjectured exact formula for overlaps between the Bethe states\nof the spin-1/2 XXZ chain and generic two-site states. The result takes the\nsame form as in the previously known cases: it involves the same ratio of two\nGaudin-like determinants, and a product of single-particle overlap functions,\nwhich can be fixed using a combination of the Quench Action and Quantum\nTransfer Matrix methods. Our conjecture is confirmed by numerical data from\nexact diagonalization. For one-site states the formula is found to be correct\neven in chains with odd length, where existing methods can not be applied. It\nis also pointed out, that the ratio of the Gaudin-like determinants plays a\ncrucial role in the overlap sum rule: it guarantees that in the thermodynamic\nlimit there remains no $\\mathcal{O}(1)$ piece in the Quench Action."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical density functional theory and its application to spinodal\n  decomposition: We present an alternative derivation of the dynamical density functional\ntheory for the one body density profile of a classical fluid developed by\nMarconi and Tarazona [J. Chem. Phys., 110, 8032 (1999)]. Our derivation\nelucidates further some of the physical assumptions inherent in the theory and\nshows that it is not restricted to fluids composed of particles interacting\nsolely via pair potentials; rather it applies to general, multi-body\ninteractions. The starting point for our derivation is the Smoluchowski\nequation and the theory is therefore one for Brownian particles and as such is\napplicable to colloidal fluids. In the second part of this paper we use the\ndynamical density functional theory to derive a theory for spinodal\ndecomposition that is applicable at both early and intermediate times. For\nearly stages of spinodal decomposition our non-linear theory is equivalent to\nthe (generalised) linear Cahn-Hilliard theory, but for later times it\nincorporates coupling between different Fourier components of the density\nfluctuations (modes) and therefore goes beyond Cahn-Hilliard theory. We\ndescribe the results of calculations for a model (Yukawa) fluid which show that\nthe coupling leads to the growth of a second maximum in the density\nfluctuations, at a wavenumber larger than that of the main peak.",
        "positive": "Quantum information scrambling after a quantum quench: How quantum information is scrambled in the global degrees of freedom of\nnon-equilibrium many-body systems is a key question to understand local\nthermalization. Here we propose that the scaling of the mutual information\nbetween two intervals of fixed length as a function of their distance is a\ndiagnostic tool for scrambling after a quantum quench. We consider both\nintegrable and non-integrable one dimensional systems. In integrable systems,\nthe mutual information exhibits an algebraic decay with the distance between\nthe intervals, signalling weak scrambling. This behavior may be qualitatively\nunderstood within the quasiparticle picture for the entanglement spreading,\npredicting, in the scaling limit of large intervals and times, a decay exponent\nequal to $1/2$. Away from the scaling limit, the power-law behavior persists,\nbut with a larger (and model-dependent) exponent. For non-integrable models, a\nmuch faster decay is observed, which can be attributed to the finite life time\nof the quasiparticles: unsurprisingly, non-integrable models are better\nscramblers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enskog kinetic theory for multicomponent granular suspensions: The Navier--Stokes transport coefficients of multicomponent granular\nsuspensions at moderate densities are obtained in the context of the\n(inelastic) Enskog kinetic theory. The suspension is modeled as an ensemble of\nsolid particles where the influence of the interstitial gas on grains is via a\nviscous drag force plus a stochastic Langevin-like term defined in terms of a\nbackground temperature. In the absence of spatial gradients, it is shown first\nthat the system reaches a homogeneous steady state where the energy lost by\ninelastic collisions and viscous friction is compensated for by the energy\ninjected by the stochastic force. Once the homogeneous steady state is\ncharacterized, a \\emph{normal} solution to the set of Enskog equations is\nobtained by means of the Chapman--Enskog expansion around the \\emph{local}\nversion of the homogeneous state. To first-order in spatial gradients, the\nChapman--Enskog solution allows us to identify the Navier--Stokes transport\ncoefficients associated with the mass, momentum, and heat fluxes. In addition,\nthe first-order contributions to the partial temperatures and the cooling rate\nare also calculated. Explicit forms for the diffusion coefficients, the shear\nand bulk viscosities, and the first-order contributions to the partial\ntemperatures and the cooling rate are obtained in steady-state conditions by\nretaining the leading terms in a Sonine polynomial expansion. The results show\nthat the dependence of the transport coefficients on inelasticity is clearly\ndifferent from that found in its granular counterpart (no gas phase). The\npresent work extends previous theoretical results for \\emph{dilute}\nmulticomponent granular suspensions [Khalil and Garz\\'o, Phys. Rev. E\n\\textbf{88}, 052201 (2013)] to higher densities.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear viscosity and velocity distribution function in a simple\n  longitudinal flow: A compressible flow characterized by a velocity field $u_x(x,t)=ax/(1+at)$ is\nanalyzed by means of the Boltzmann equation and the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook\nkinetic model. The sign of the control parameter (the longitudinal deformation\nrate $a$) distinguishes between an expansion ($a>0$) and a condensation ($a<0$)\nphenomenon. The temperature is a decreasing function of time in the former\ncase, while it is an increasing function in the latter. The non-Newtonian\nbehavior of the gas is described by a dimensionless nonlinear viscosity\n$\\eta^*(a^*)$, that depends on the dimensionless longitudinal rate $a^*$. The\nChapman-Enskog expansion of $\\eta^*$ in powers of $a^*$ is seen to be only\nasymptotic (except in the case of Maxwell molecules). The velocity distribution\nfunction is also studied. At any value of $a^*$, it exhibits an algebraic\nhigh-velocity tail that is responsible for the divergence of velocity moments.\nFor sufficiently negative $a^*$, moments of degree four and higher may diverge,\nwhile for positive $a^*$ the divergence occurs in moments of degree equal to or\nlarger than eight."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evidences Against Temperature Chaos in Mean Field and Realistic Spin\n  Glasses: We discuss temperature chaos in mean field and realistic 3D spin glasses. Our\nnumerical simulations show no trace of a temperature chaotic behavior for the\nsystem sizes considered. We discuss the experimental and theoretical\nimplications of these findings.",
        "positive": "Stabilization of prethermal Floquet steady states in a periodically\n  driven dissipative Bose-Hubbard model: We discuss the effect of dissipation on heating which occurs in periodically\ndriven quantum many body systems. We especially focus on a periodically driven\nBose-Hubbard model coupled to an energy and particle reservoir. Without\ndissipation, this model is known to undergo parametric instabilities which can\nbe considered as an initial stage of heating. By taking the weak on-site\ninteraction limit as well as the weak system-reservoir coupling limit, we find\nthat parametric instabilities are suppressed if the dissipation is stronger\nthan the on-site interaction strength and stable steady states appear. Our\nresults demonstrate that periodically-driven systems can emit energy, which is\nabsorbed from external drivings, to the reservoir so that they can avoid\nheating."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetics, pseudo-kinetics, uncertainty principle and quantum 1/f noise: 1/f noise at arbitrary low frequences is the way of existence of\nirreversibility in thermal motion governed by reversible laws of mechanics.\nThis statement not once was confirmed in statistical mechanics beyond its\ntraditional kinetical roughenings. Here we point out that in case of quantum\nstatistical mechanics in principle it is sufficient to avoid such the\nroughening as the \"Fermi golden rule\". This means taking into account the\ntime-energy uncertainty principle (time-frequency one in classical limit) and\nthus uncertainties in characteristics of real collisions and scatterings of\nparticles and/or quanta. We consider the resulting \"pseudo-kinetics\" and\ndemonstrate how it produces quantum 1/f-noise",
        "positive": "Statistical Relaxation in Closed Quantum Systems and the Van Hove-Limit: We analyze the dynamics of occupation probabilities for a certain type of\ndesign models by the use of two different methods. On the one hand we present\nsome numerical calculations for two concrete interactions which point out that\nthe occurrence of statistical dynamics depends on the interaction structure.\nFurthermore we show an analytical derivation for an infinite system that yields\nstatistical behaviour for the average over the whole ensemble of interactions\nin the Van Hove-limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Approximate dynamical eigenmodes of the Ising model with local\n  spin-exchange moves: We establish that the Fourier modes of the magnetization serve as the\ndynamical eigenmodes for the two-dimensional Ising model at the critical\ntemperature with local spin-exchange moves, i.e., Kawasaki dynamics. We obtain\nthe dynamical scaling properties for these modes, and use them to calculate the\ntime evolution of two dynamical quantities for the system, namely the\nautocorrelation function and the mean-square deviation of the line\nmagnetizations. At intermediate times $1 \\lesssim t \\lesssim L^{z_c}$, where\n$z_c=4-\\eta=15/4$ is the dynamical critical exponent of the model, we find that\nthe line magnetization undergoes anomalous diffusion. Following our recent work\non anomalous diffusion in spin models, we demonstrate that the Generalized\nLangevin Equation (GLE) with a memory kernel consistently describes the\nanomalous diffusion, verifying the corresponding fluctuation-dissipation\ntheorem with the calculation of the force autocorrelation function.",
        "positive": "Fractional $\\hbar$-scaling for quantum kicked rotors without cantori: Previous studies of quantum delta-kicked rotors have found momentum\nprobability distributions with a typical width (localization length $L$)\ncharacterized by fractional $\\hbar$-scaling, ie $L \\sim \\hbar^{2/3}$ in regimes\nand phase-space regions close to `golden-ratio' cantori. In contrast, in\ntypical chaotic regimes, the scaling is integer, $L \\sim \\hbar^{-1}$. Here we\nconsider a generic variant of the kicked rotor, the random-pair-kicked particle\n(RP-KP), obtained by randomizing the phases every second kick; it has no KAM\nmixed phase-space structures, like golden-ratio cantori, at all. Our unexpected\nfinding is that, over comparable phase-space regions, it also has fractional\nscaling, but $L \\sim \\hbar^{-2/3}$. A semiclassical analysis indicates that the\n$\\hbar^{2/3}$ scaling here is of quantum origin and is not a signature of\nclassical cantori."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality issues in surface kinetic roughening of thin solid films: Since publication of the main contributions on the theory of kinetic\nroughening more than fifteen years ago, many works have been reported on\nsurface growth or erosion that employ the framework of dynamic scaling. This\ninterest was mainly due to the predicted existence of just a few universality\nclasses to describe the statistical properties of the morphology of growing\nsurfaces and interfaces that appear in a wide range of physical systems.\nNowadays, this prediction seems to be inaccurate. This situation has caused a\nclear detriment of these studies in spite of the undeniable existence of\nkinetic roughening in many different real systems, and without a clear\nunderstanding of the reasons behind the mismatch between theoretical\nexpectations and experimental observations. In this chapter we aim to explore\nexisting problems and shortcomings of both the theoretical and experimental\napproaches, focusing mainly on growth of thin solid films. Our analysis\nsuggests that the theoretical framework as yet is not complete, while more\nsystematic and consistent experiments need to be performed. Once these issues\nare taken into account, a more consistent and useful theory of kinetic\nroughening might develop.",
        "positive": "Driving particle current through narrow channels using classical pump: We study a symmetric exclusion process in which the hopping rates at two\nchosen adjacent sites vary periodically in time and have a relative phase\ndifference. This mimics a colloidal suspension subjected to external space and\ntime dependent modulation of the diffusion constant. The two special sites act\nas a classical pump by generating an oscillatory current with a nonzero ${\\cal\nDC}$ value whose direction depends on the applied phase difference. We analyze\nvarious features in this model through simulations and obtain an expression for\nthe $\\cal{DC}$ current via a novel perturbative treatment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Green's function's approach to the calculation of work\n  statistics: The calculation of work distributions in a quantum many-body system is of\nsignificant importance and also of formidable difficulty in the field of\nnonequilibrium quantum statistical mechanics. To solve this problem, inspired\nby Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, we propose the contour-integral formulation of\nthe work statistics. Based on this contour integral, we show how to do the\nperturbation expansion of the characteristic function of work (CFW) and obtain\nthe approximate expression of the CFW to the second order of the work parameter\nfor an arbitrary system under a perturbative protocol. We also demonstrate the\nvalidity of fluctuation theorems by utilizing the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger\ncondition. Finally, we use noninteracting identical particles in a forced\nharmonic potential as an example to demonstrate the powerfulness of our\napproach.",
        "positive": "Transient quantum fluctuation theorems and generalized measurements: The transient quantum fluctuation theorems of Crooks and Jarzynski restrict\nand relate the statistics of work performed in forward and backward forcing\nprotocols. So far these theorems have been obtained under the assumption that\nthe work is determined by projective measurements at the end and the beginning\nof each run of the protocols. We found that one can replace these projective\nmeasurements only by special error-free generalized energy measurements with\npairs of tailored, protocol-dependent post-measurement states that satisfy\ndetailed balance-like relations. For other generalized measurements, the Crooks\nrelation is typically not satisfied. For the validity of the Jarzynski\nequality, it is sufficient that the measurements are error-free and the\npost-measurement states form a complete orthonormal set of elements in the\nHilbert space of the considered system. We illustrate our results by the\nexample of a two-level system for different generalized measurements."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Electric charge redistribution in a two dimensional two component plasma\n  for $\u0393= 2$ induced by two impurities: a dimensional reduction: In this document the density of electrically-charged positive and negative\nparticles in a two component plasma (TCP) will be studied. Particularly, we\nfocus on a two dimensional system confined in a large rectangular box for\n$\\Gamma=2$ in the presence of two electric impurities. A method for solution,\nwhich will be called, {\\it dimensional reduction}, will be applied in order to\nstudy the redistribution of electrically charged particles along the line\njoining both impurities. Numerical results, by means of a finite elements\nmethod approach, show, due to the electric field generated by the impurities,\nan increase in the density of charges of opposite sign in the neighborhood of\neach impurity. On the other hand, the presence of charges of the same sign\ndiminishes in the same region due to the existing electric repulsion; some of\nthe repelled particles accumulate in the border of the box. Numerical\nexpansions around the borders of the impurities and the box show an almost\nlinear power law relation of the net density for the particular cases that have\nbeen analyzed. It is also studied how the maximum and minimum values of the net\ndensity depend on the electric charges of the impurities, under some particular\nconditions.",
        "positive": "Theory of Electronic relaxation in solution: Exact solution in case of\n  parabolic potential with a sink of finite width: We give a general method for finding the exact solution for the problem of\nelectronic relaxation in solution, modeled by a particle undergoing diffusive\nmotion under a potential in the presence of a sink of finite width. The\nsolution requires the knowledge of the Green's function in Laplace domain in\nthe absence of any sink. We find the exact solution for the case of parabolic\npotential. This model has considerable improvement over the existing models for\nunderstanding non-radiative electonic relaxation of a molecule in solution, in\nfact this is the first model where a simple analytical solution is possible in\nthe case of a sink of finite width."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Macroscopic Quantum Fluctuations in the Josephson Dynamics of Two Weakly\n  Linked Bose-Einstein Condensates: We study the quantum corrections to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for two\nweakly linked Bose-Einstein condensates. The goals are: 1) to investigate\ndynamical regimes at the borderline between the classical and quantum behaviour\nof the bosonic field; 2) to search for new macroscopic quantum coherence\nphenomena not observable with other superfluid/superconducting systems. Quantum\nfluctuations renormalize the classical Josephson oscillation frequencies. Large\namplitude phase oscillations are modulated, exhibiting collapses and revivals.\nWe describe a new inter-well oscillation mode, with a vanishing (ensemble\naveraged) mean value of the observables, but with oscillating mean square\nfluctuations. Increasing the number of condensate atoms, we recover the\nclassical Gross-Pitaevskii (Josephson) dynamics, without invoking the\nsymmetry-breaking of the Gauge invariance.",
        "positive": "PDMP characterisation of event-chain Monte Carlo algorithms for particle\n  systems: Monte Carlo simulations of systems of particles such as hard spheres or soft\nspheres with singular kernels can display around a phase transition\nprohibitively long convergence times when using traditional Hasting-Metropolis\nreversible schemes. Efficient algorithms known as event-chain Monte Carlo were\nthen developed to reach necessary accelerations. They are based on\nnon-reversible continuous-time Markov processes. Proving invariance and\nergodicity for such schemes cannot be done as for discrete-time schemes and a\ntheoretical framework to do so was lacking, impeding the generalisation of ECMC\nalgorithms to more sophisticated systems or processes. In this work, we\ncharacterize the Markov processes generated in ECMC as piecewise deterministic\nMarkov processes. It first allows us to propose more general schemes, for\ninstance regarding the direction refreshment. We then prove the invariance of\nthe correct stationary distribution. Finally, we show the ergodicity of the\nprocesses in soft- and hard-sphere systems, with a density condition for the\nlatter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement Entropy of Free Fermions in Timelike Slices: We define the entanglement entropy of free fermion quantum states in an\narbitrary spacetime slice of a discrete set of points, and particularly\ninvestigate timelike (causal) slices. For 1D lattice free fermions with an\nenergy bandwidth $E_0$, we calculate the time-direction entanglement entropy\n$S_A$ in a time-direction slice of a set of times $t_n=n\\tau$ ($1\\le n\\le K$)\nspanning a time length $t$ on the same site. For zero temperature ground\nstates, we find that $S_A$ shows volume law when $\\tau\\gg\\tau_0=2\\pi/E_0$; in\ncontrast, $S_A\\sim \\frac{1}{3}\\ln t$ when $\\tau=\\tau_0$, and\n$S_A\\sim\\frac{1}{6}\\ln t$ when $\\tau<\\tau_0$, resembling the Calabrese-Cardy\nformula for one flavor of nonchiral and chiral fermion, respectively. For\nfinite temperature thermal states, the mutual information also saturates when\n$\\tau<\\tau_0$. For non-eigenstates, volume law in $t$ and signatures of the\nLieb-Robinson bound velocity can be observed in $S_A$. For generic spacetime\nslices with one point per site, the zero temperature entanglement entropy shows\na clear transition from area law to volume law when the slice varies from\nspacelike to timelike.",
        "positive": "Liquid-Hexatic-Solid phases in active and passive Brownian particles\n  determined by stochastic birth and death events: We study the effects of stochastic birth and death processes on the\nstructural phases of systems of active and passive Brownian particles subject\nto volume exclusion. The total number of particles in the system is a\nfluctuating quantity, determined by the birth and death parameters, and on the\nactivity of the particles. As the birth and death parameters are varied we find\nliquid, hexatic and solid phases. For passive particles these phases are found\nto be spatially homogeneous. For active particles motility-induced phase\nseparation (co-existing hexatic and liquid phases) occurs for large activity\nand sufficiently small birth rates. We also observe a re-entrant transition to\nthe hexatic phase when the birth rate is increased. This results from a balance\nof an increasing number of particles filling the system, and a larger number of\ndefects resulting from the birth and death dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-Principles Investigation of Perfect and Diffuse Anti-Phase\n  Boundaries in HCP-Based Ti-Al Alloys: First-principles thermodynamic models based on the cluster expansion\nformalism, monte-carlo simulations and quantum-mechanical total energy\ncalculations are employed to compute short-range-order parameters and\ndiffuse-antiphase-boundary energies in hcp-based $\\alpha$-Ti-Al alloys. Our\ncalculations unambiguously reveal a substantial amount of SRO is present in\n$\\alpha$-Ti-6 Al and that, at typical processing temperatures concentrations,\nthe DAPB energies associated with a single dislocation slip can reach 25\nmJ/m$^{2}$. We find very little anisotropy between the energies of DAPBs lying\nin the basal and prism planes. Perfect antiphase boundaries in DO$_{19}$\nordered Ti$_3$Al are also investigated and their interfacial energies,\ninterfacial stresses and local displacements are calculated from first\nprinciples through direct supercell calculations. Our results are discussed in\nlight of mechanical property measurements and deformation microstructure\nstrudies in $\\alpha$ Ti-Al alloys.",
        "positive": "Supersymmetric Fokker-Planck strict isospectrality: I report a study of the nonstationary one-dimensional Fokker-Planck solutions\nby means of the strictly isospectral method of supesymmetric quantum mechanics.\nThe main conclusion is that this technique can lead to a space-dependent\n(modulational) damping of the spatial part of the nonstationary Fokker-Planck\nsolutions, which I call strictly isospectral damping. At the same time, using\nan additive decomposition of the nonstationary solutions suggested by the\nstrictly isospectral procedure and by an argument of Englefield [J. Stat. Phys.\n52, 369 (1988)], they can be normalized and thus turned into physical\nsolutions, i.e., Fokker-Planck probability densities. There might be\napplications to many physical processes during their transient period"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Symmetry breaking at a topological phase transition: Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a foundational concept in physics. In\ncondensed matter, it characterizes conventional continuous phase transitions\nbut is absent at topological phase transitions such as the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition - as in the BKT case the\nexpected norm (i.e., the magnitude) of the $U(1)$ order parameter vanishes in\nthe thermodynamic limit at all nonzero temperatures. Phenomena consistent with\nlow-temperature broken symmetry have been observed, however, in many different\nBKT experiments. Examples include recent experiments on superconducting films\nand the seminal work on two-dimensional arrays of Josephson junctions. While\nthe inaccessibility of the above thermodynamic limit partially explains this\nparadox in finite systems, the full dynamical framework of symmetry breaking at\nthe BKT transition remains unresolved. Here we provide this by introducing the\nbroader concept of general symmetry breaking. This encompasses both spontaneous\nsymmetry breaking and the BKT case by allowing the expected norm of the order\nparameter to go to zero in the thermodynamic limit, provided its directional\nphase fluctuations are asymptotically smaller. We demonstrate this\nasymptotically slow directional mixing in the low-temperature BKT phase. This\nexplicitly shows that the order parameter arbitrarily chooses some well-defined\ndirection in the thermodynamic limit, predicting negligible phase fluctuations\ncompared to the expected norm in arbitrarily large experimental BKT systems.\nOur results provide a model for directional mixing timescales across the\ndiverse array of experimental BKT systems. We suggest various experiments.",
        "positive": "Theory of minimum spanning trees I: Mean-field theory and strongly\n  disordered spin-glass model: The minimum spanning tree (MST) is a combinatorial optimization problem:\ngiven a connected graph with a real weight (\"cost\") on each edge, find the\nspanning tree that minimizes the sum of the total cost of the occupied edges.\nWe consider the random MST, in which the edge costs are (quenched) independent\nrandom variables. There is a strongly-disordered spin-glass model due to Newman\nand Stein [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2286 (1994)], which maps precisely onto the\nrandom MST. We study scaling properties of random MSTs using a relation between\nKruskal's greedy algorithm for finding the MST, and bond percolation. We solve\nthe random MST problem on the Bethe lattice (BL) with appropriate wired\nboundary conditions and calculate the fractal dimension D=6 of the connected\ncomponents. Viewed as a mean-field theory, the result implies that on a lattice\nin Euclidean space of dimension d, there are of order W^{d-D} large connected\ncomponents of the random MST inside a window of size W, and that d = d_c = D =\n6 is a critical dimension. This differs from the value 8 suggested by Newman\nand Stein. We also critique the original argument for 8, and provide an\nimproved scaling argument that again yields d_c=6. The result implies that the\nstrongly-disordered spin-glass model has many ground states for d>6, and only\nof order one below six. The results for MSTs also apply on the Poisson-weighted\ninfinite tree, which is a mean-field approach to the continuum model of MSTs in\nEuclidean space, and is a limit of the BL. In a companion paper we develop an\nepsilon=6-d expansion for the random MST on critical percolation clusters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Neutral theory of chemical reaction networks: To what extent do the characteristic features of a chemical reaction network\nreflect its purpose and function? In general, one argues that correlations\nbetween specific features and specific functions are key to understanding a\ncomplex structure. However, specific features may sometimes be neutral and\nuncorrelated with any system-specific purpose, function or causal chain. Such\nneutral features are caused by chance and randomness. Here we compare two\nclasses of chemical networks: one that has been subjected to biological\nevolution (the chemical reaction network of metabolism in living cells) and one\nthat has not (the atmospheric planetary chemical reaction networks). Their\ndegree distributions are shown to share the very same neutral\nsystem-independent features. The shape of the broad distributions is to a large\nextent controlled by a single parameter, the network size. From this\nperspective, there is little difference between atmospheric and metabolic\nnetworks; they are just different sizes of the same random assembling network.\nIn other words, the shape of the degree distribution is a neutral\ncharacteristic feature and has no functional or evolutionary implications in\nitself; it is not a matter of life and death.",
        "positive": "Scaling Solutions of Inelastic Boltzmann Equations with Over-populated\n  High Energy Tails: This paper deals with solutions of the nonlinear Boltzmann equation for\nspatially uniform freely cooling inelastic Maxwell models for large times and\nfor large velocities, and the nonuniform convergence to these limits. We\ndemonstrate how the velocity distribution approaches in the scaling limit to a\nsimilarity solution with a power law tail for general classes of initial\nconditions and derive a transcendental equation from which the exponents in the\ntails can be calculated. Moreover on the basis of the available analytic and\nnumerical results for inelastic hard spheres and inelastic Maxwell models we\nformulate a conjecture on the approach of the velocity distribution function to\na scaling form."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Designer Monte Carlo Simulation for Gross-Neveu Transition: In this manuscript, we study quantum criticality of Dirac fermions via\nlarge-scale numerical simulations, focusing on the Gross-Neveu-Yukawa(GNY)\nchiral-Ising quantum critical point with critical bosonic modes coupled with\nDirac fermions. We show that finite-size effects at this quantum critical point\ncan be efficiently minimized via model design, which maximizes the ultraviolet\ncutoff and at the same time places the bare control parameters closer to the\nnontrivial fixed point to better expose the critical region. Combined with the\nefficient self-learning quantum Monte Carlo algorithm, which enables non-local\nupdate of the bosonic field, we find that moderately-large system size (up to\n$16\\times 16$) is already sufficient to produce robust scaling behavior and\ncritical exponents.The conductance of the Dirac fermions is also calculated and\nits frequency dependence is found to be consistent with the scaling behavior\npredicted by the conformal field theory. The methods and model-design\nprinciples developed for this study can be generalized to other fermionic QCPs,\nand thus provide a promising direction for controlled studies of\nstrongly-correlated itinerant systems.",
        "positive": "Control of rare events in reaction and population systems by\n  deterministic processes and the speedup of disease extinction: We consider control of reaction and population systems by deterministically\nimposed transitions between the states with different numbers of particles or\nindividuals. Even where the imposed transitions are significantly less frequent\nthan spontaneous transitions, they can exponentially strongly modify the rates\nof rare events, including switching between metastable states or population\nextinction. We also study optimal control of rare events, and specifically,\noptimal control of disease extinction for a limited vaccine supply. A\ncomparison is made with control of rare events by modulating the rates of\nelementary transitions rather than imposing transitions. It is found that,\nunexpectedly, for the same mean control parameters, controlling the transitions\nrates can be more efficient."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalization of symmetric $\u03b1$-stable L\u00e9vy distributions for\n  $q>1$: The $\\alpha$-stable distributions introduced by L\\'evy play an important role\nin probabilistic theoretical studies and their various applications, e.g., in\nstatistical physics, life sciences, and economics. In the present paper we\nstudy sequences of long-range dependent random variables whose distributions\nhave asymptotic power law decay, and which are called $(q,\\alpha)$-stable\ndistributions. These sequences are generalizations of i.i.d. $\\alpha$-stable\ndistributions, and have not been previously studied. Long-range dependent\n$(q,\\alpha)$-stable distributions might arise in the description of anomalous\nprocesses in nonextensive statistical mechanics, cell biology, finance. The\nparameter $q$ controls dependence. If $q=1$ then they are classical i.i.d. with\n$\\alpha$-stable L\\'evy distributions. In the present paper we establish basic\nproperties of $(q,\\alpha)$-stable distributions, and generalize the result of\nUmarov, Tsallis and Steinberg (2008), where the particular case $\\alpha=2, q\\in\n[1,3),$ was considered, to the whole range of stability and nonextensivity\nparameters $\\alpha \\in (0,2]$ and $q \\in [1,3),$ respectively. We also discuss\npossible further extensions of the results that we obtain, and formulate some\nconjectures.",
        "positive": "Entanglement negativity in a two dimensional harmonic lattice: Area law\n  and corner contributions: We study the logarithmic negativity and the moments of the partial transpose\nin the ground state of a two dimensional massless harmonic square lattice with\nnearest neighbour interactions for various configurations of adjacent domains.\nAt leading order for large domains, the logarithmic negativity and the\nlogarithm of the ratio between the generic moment of the partial transpose and\nthe moment of the reduced density matrix at the same order satisfy an area law\nin terms of the length of the curve shared by the adjacent regions. We give\nnumerical evidences that the coefficient of the area law term in these\nquantities is related to the coefficient of the area law term in the R\\'enyi\nentropies. Whenever the curve shared by the adjacent domains contains vertices,\na subleading logarithmic term occurs in these quantities and the numerical\nvalues of the corner function for some pairs of angles are obtained. In the\nspecial case of vertices corresponding to explementary angles, we provide\nnumerical evidence that the corner function of the logarithmic negativity is\ngiven by the corner function of the R\\'enyi entropy of order 1/2."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Possible canonical distributions for finite systems with nonadditive\n  energy: It is shown that a small system in thermodynamic equilibrium with a finite\nthermostat can have a q-exponential probability distribution which closely\ndepends on the energy nonextensivity and the particle number of the thermostat.\nThe distribution function will reduce to the exponential one at the\nthermodynamic limit. However, the nonextensivity of the system should not be\nneglected.",
        "positive": "Ising Model on Networks with an Arbitrary Distribution of Connections: We find the exact critical temperature $T_c$ of the nearest-neighbor\nferromagnetic Ising model on an `equilibrium' random graph with an arbitrary\ndegree distribution $P(k)$. We observe an anomalous behavior of the\nmagnetization, magnetic susceptibility and specific heat, when $P(k)$ is\nfat-tailed, or, loosely speaking, when the fourth moment of the distribution\ndiverges in infinite networks. When the second moment becomes divergent, $T_c$\napproaches infinity, the phase transition is of infinite order, and size effect\nis anomalously strong."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Site percolation on square and simple cubic lattices with extended\n  neighborhoods and their continuum limit: By means of Monte Carlo simulations, we study long-range site percolation on\nsquare and simple cubic lattices with various combinations of nearest\nneighbors, up to the eighth neighbors for the square lattice and the ninth\nneighbors for the simple cubic lattice. We find precise thresholds for 23\nsystems using a single-cluster growth algorithm. Site percolation on lattices\nwith compact neighborhoods can be mapped to problems of lattice percolation of\nextended shapes, such as disks and spheres, and the thresholds can be related\nto the continuum thresholds $\\eta_c$ for objects of those shapes. This mapping\nimplies $zp_{c} \\sim 4 \\eta_c = 4.51235$ in 2D and $zp_{c} \\sim 8 \\eta_c =\n2.73512$ in 3D for large $z$ for circular and spherical neighborhoods\nrespectively, where $z$ is the coordination number. Fitting our data to the\nform $p_c = c/(z+b)$ we find good agreement with $c = 2^d \\eta_c$; the constant\n$b$ represents a finite-$z$ correction term. We also study power-law fits of\nthe thresholds.",
        "positive": "Coagulation drives turbulence in binary fluid mixtures: We use direct numerical simulations and scaling arguments to study coarsening\nin binary fluid mixtures with a conserved order parameter in the\ndroplet-spinodal regime -- the volume fraction of the droplets is neither too\nsmall nor symmetric -- for small diffusivity and viscosity. Coagulation of\ndroplets drives a turbulent flow that eventually decays. We uncover a novel\ncoarsening mechanism, driven by turbulence where the characteristic length\nscale of the flow is different from the characteristic length scale of\ndroplets, giving rise to a domain growth law of $t^{1/2}$, where $t$ is time.\nAt intermediate times, both the flow and the droplets form self-similar\nstructures: the structure factor $S(q) \\sim q^{-2}$ and the kinetic energy\nspectra $E(q) \\sim q^{-5/3}$ for an intermediate range of $q$, the wavenumber."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Amplitude Ratios of The Renormalization Group: Two-Dimensional\n  Tricritical Ising Model: The scaling form of the free-energy near a critical point allows for the\ndefinition of various thermodynamical amplitudes and the determination of their\ndependence on the microscopic non-universal scales. Universal quantities can be\nobtained by considering special combinations of the amplitudes. Together with\nthe critical exponents they characterize the universality classes and may be\nuseful quantities for their experimental identification. We compute the\nuniversal amplitude ratios for the Tricritical Ising Model in two dimensions by\nusing several theoretical methods from Perturbed Conformal Field Theory and\nScattering Integrable Quantum Field Theory. The theoretical approaches are\nfurther supported and integrated by results coming from a numerical\ndetermination of the energy eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the off-critical\nsystems in an infinite cylinder.",
        "positive": "Pattern formation with repulsive soft-core interactions: discrete\n  particle dynamics and Dean-Kawasaki equation: Brownian particles interacting via repulsive soft-core potentials can\nspontaneously aggregate, despite repelling each other, and form periodic\ncrystals of particle clusters. We study this phenomenon in low-dimensional\nsituations (one and two dimensions) at two levels of description: performing\nnumerical simulations of the discrete particle dynamics, and by linear and\nnonlinear analysis of the corresponding Dean-Kawasaki equation for the\nmacroscopic particle density. Restricting to low dimensions and neglecting\nfluctuation effects we gain analytical insight into the mechanisms of the\ninstability leading to clustering which turn out to be the interplay between\ndiffusion, the intracluster forces and the forces between neighboring clusters.\nWe show that the deterministic part of the Dean-Kawasaki equation provides a\ngood description of the particle dynamics, including width and shape of the\nclusters, in a wide range of parameters, and analyze with weakly nonlinear\ntechniques the nature of the pattern-forming bifurcation in one and two\ndimensions. Finally, we briefly discuss the case of attractive forces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Randomly incomplete spectra and intermediate statistics: By randomly removing a fraction of levels from a given spectrum a model is\nconstructed that describes a crossover from this spectrum to a Poisson\nspectrum. The formalism is applied to the transitions towards Poisson from\nrandom matrix theory (RMT) spectra and picket fence spectra. It is shown that\nthe Fredholm determinant formalism of RMT extends naturally to describe\nincomplete RMT spectra.",
        "positive": "Steady-states and kinetics of ordering in bus-route models: connection\n  with the Nagel-Schreckenberg model: A Bus Route Model (BRM) can be defined on a one-dimensional lattice, where\nbuses are represented by \"particles\" that are driven forward from one site to\nthe next with each site representing a bus stop. We replace the random\nsequential updating rules in an earlier BRM by parallel updating rules. In\norder to elucidate the connection between the BRM with parallel updating\n(BRMPU) and the Nagel-Schreckenberg (NaSch) model, we propose two alternative\nextensions of the NaSch model with space-/time-dependent hopping rates.\nApproximating the BRMPU as a generalization of the NaSch model, we calculate\nanalytically the steady-state distribution of the {\\it time headways} (TH)\nwhich are defined as the time intervals between the departures (or arrivals) of\ntwo successive particles (i.e., buses) recorded by a detector placed at a fixed\nsite (i.e., bus stop) on the model route. We compare these TH distributions\nwith the corresponding results of our computer simulations of the BRMPU, as\nwell as with the data from the simulation of the two extended NaSch models. We\nalso investigate interesting kinetic properties exhibited by the BRMPU during\nits time evolution from random initial states towards its steady-states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards a quantitative reduction of the SIR epidemiological model: Motivated by our intention to use SIR-type epidemiological models in the\ncontext of dynamic networks as provided by large-scale highly interacting\ninhomogeneous human crowds, we investigate in this framework possibilities to\nreduce the classical SIR model to a representative evolution model for a\nsuitably chosen observable. For selected scenarios, we provide practical {\\em a\npriori} error bounds between the approximate and the original observables.\nFinally, we illustrate numerically the behavior of the reduced models compared\nto the original ones.",
        "positive": "Reflected fractional Brownian motion in one and higher dimensions: Fractional Brownian motion (FBM), a non-Markovian self-similar Gaussian\nstochastic process with long-ranged correlations, represents a widely applied,\nparadigmatic mathematical model of anomalous diffusion. We report the results\nof large-scale computer simulations of FBM in one, two, and three dimensions in\nthe presence of reflecting boundaries that confine the motion to finite regions\nin space. Generalizing earlier results for finite and semi-infinite\none-dimensional intervals, we observe that the interplay between the long-time\ncorrelations of FBM and the reflecting boundaries leads to striking deviations\nof the stationary probability density from the uniform density found for normal\ndiffusion. Particles accumulate at the boundaries for superdiffusive FBM while\ntheir density is depleted at the boundaries for subdiffusion. Specifically, the\nprobability density $P$ develops a power-law singularity, $P\\sim r^\\kappa$, as\nfunction of the distance $r$ from the wall. We determine the exponent $\\kappa$\nas function of the dimensionality, the confining geometry, and the anomalous\ndiffusion exponent $\\alpha$ of the FBM. We also discuss implications of our\nresults, including an application to modeling serotonergic fiber density\npatterns in vertebrate brains."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Growth, Percolation, and Correlations in Disordered Fiber Networks: This paper studies growth, percolation, and correlations in disordered fiber\nnetworks. We start by introducing a 2D continuum deposition model with\neffective fiber-fiber interactions represented by a parameter $p$ which\ncontrols the degree of clustering. For $p=1$, the deposited network is\nuniformly random, while for $p=0$ only a single connected cluster can grow. For\n$p=0$, we first derive the growth law for the average size of the cluster as\nwell as a formula for its mass density profile. For $p>0$, we carry out\nextensive simulations on fibers, and also needles and disks to study the\ndependence of the percolation threshold on $p$. We also derive a mean-field\ntheory for the threshold near $p=0$ and $p=1$ and find good qualitative\nagreement with the simulations. The fiber networks produced by the model\ndisplay nontrivial density correlations for $p<1$. We study these by deriving\nan approximate expression for the pair distribution function of the model that\nreduces to the exactly known case of a uniformly random network. We also show\nthat the two-point mass density correlation function of the model has a\nnontrivial form, and discuss our results in view of recent experimental data on\nmass density correlations in paper sheets.",
        "positive": "Effect of on-site Coulomb repulsion on phase transitions in exactly\n  solved spin-electron model: A hybrid lattice-statistical model on doubly decorated planar lattices, which\nhave localized Ising spins at their nodal lattice sites and two itinerant\nelectrons at each pair of decorating sites, is exactly solved by the use of a\ngeneralized decoration-iteration transformation. Our main attention is focused\non an in uence of the on-site Coulomb repulsion on ground-state properties and\ncritical behavior of the investigated system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hamiltonian mean field model : effect of temporal perturbation in\n  coupling matrix: The Hamiltonian mean-field (HMF) model is a system of fully coupled rotators\nwhich exhibits a second-order phase transition at some critical energy in its\ncanonical ensemble. We investigate the case where the interaction between the\nrotors is governed by a time-dependent coupling matrix. Our numerical study\nreveals a shift in the critical point due to the temporal modulation. The shift\nin the critical point is shown to be independent of the modulation frequency\nabove some threshold value, whereas the impact of the amplitude of modulation\nis dominant. In the microcanonical ensemble, the system with constant coupling\nreaches a quasi-stationary state (QSS) at an energy near the critical point.\nOur result indicates that the QSS subsists in presence of such temporal\nmodulation of the coupling parameter.",
        "positive": "The thermodynamic properties of Davydov-Scott's protein model in thermal\n  bath: The thermodynamic properties of Davydov-Scott monomer contacting with thermal\nbath is investigated using Lindblad open quantum system formalism. The Lindblad\nequation is investigated through path integral method. It is found that the\nenvironmental effects contribute destructively to the specific heat, and large\ninteraction between amide-I and amide-site is not preferred for a stable\nDavydov-Scott monomer."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lattice Models of Ionic Systems with Charge Asymmetry: The thermodynamics of a charge-asymmetric lattice gas of positive ions\ncarrying charge $q$ and negative ions with charge $-zq$ is investigated using\nDebye-H\\\"uckel theory. Explicit analytic and numerical calculations, which take\ninto account the formation of neutral and charged clusters and cluster\nsolvation by the residual ions, are performed for $z=2$, 3 and 4. As charge\nasymmetry increases, the predicted critical point shifts to lower temperatures\nand higher densities. This trend agrees well with the results from recent Monte\nCarlo simulations for continuum charge-asymmetric hard-sphere ionic fluids and\nwith the corresponding predictions from continuum Debye-H\\\"uckel theory.",
        "positive": "Random sequential adsorption and diffusion of dimers and k-mers on a\n  square lattice: We have performed extensive simulations of random sequential adsorption and\ndiffusion of $k$-mers, up to $k=5$ in two dimensions with particular attention\nto the case $k=2$. We focus on the behavior of the coverage and of vacancy\ndynamics as a function of time. We observe that for $k=2,3$ a complete coverage\nof the lattice is never reached, because of the existence of frozen\nconfigurations that prevent isolated vacancies in the lattice to join. From\nthis result we argue that complete coverage is never attained for any value of\n$k$. The long time behavior of the coverage is not mean field and nonanalytic,\nwith $t^{-1/2}$ as leading term. Long time coverage regimes are independent of\nthe initial conditions while strongly depend on the diffusion probability and\ndeposition rate and, in particular, different values of these parameters lead\nto different final values of the coverage. The geometrical complexity of these\nsystems is also highlighted through an investigation of the vacancy population\ndynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Activated escape of periodically driven systems: We discuss activated escape from a metastable state of a system driven by a\ntime-periodic force. We show that the escape probabilities can be changed very\nstrongly even by a comparatively weak force. In a broad parameter range, the\nactivation energy of escape depends linearly on the force amplitude. This\ndependence is described by the logarithmic susceptibility, which is analyzed\ntheoretically and through analog and digital simulations. A closed-form\nexplicit expression for the escape rate of an overdamped Brownian particle is\npresented and shown to be in quantitative agreement with the simulations. We\nalso describe experiments on a Brownian particle optically trapped in a\ndouble-well potential. A suitable periodic modulation of the optical intensity\nbreaks the spatio-temporal symmetry of an otherwise spatially symmetric system.\nThis has allowed us to localize a particle in one of the symmetric wells.",
        "positive": "Crossover from Reptation to Rouse dynamics in the Extended\n  Rubinstein-Duke Model: The competition between reptation and Rouse Dynamics is incorporated in the\nRubinstein-Duke model for polymer motion by extending it with sideways motions,\nwhich cross barriers and create or annihilate hernias. Using the Density-Matrix\nRenormalization-Group Method as solver of the Master Equation, the renewal time\nand the diffusion coefficient are calculated as function of the length of the\nchain and the strength of the sideways motion. These new types of moves have a\nstrong and delicate influence on the asymptotic behavior of long polymers. The\neffects are analyzed as function of the chain length in terms of effective\nexponents and crossover scaling functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A generalized Cahn-Hilliard equation for biological applications: Recently we considered a stochastic discrete model which describes fronts of\ncells invading a wound \\cite{KSS}. In the model cells can move, proliferate,\nand experience cell-cell adhesion. In this work we focus on a continuum\ndescription of this phenomenon by means of a generalized Cahn-Hilliard equation\n(GCH) with a proliferation term. As in the discrete model, there are two\ninteresting regimes. For subcritical adhesion, there are propagating \"pulled\"\nfronts, similarly to those of Fisher-Kolmogorov equation. The problem of front\nvelocity selection is examined, and our theoretical predictions are in a good\nagreement with a numerical solution of the GCH equation. For supercritical\nadhesion, there is a nontrivial transient behavior, where density profile\nexhibits a secondary peak. To analyze this regime, we investigated relaxation\ndynamics for the Cahn-Hilliard equation without proliferation. We found that\nthe relaxation process exhibits self-similar behavior. The results of continuum\nand discrete models are in a good agreement with each other for the different\nregimes we analyzed.",
        "positive": "Anisotropy effects in a mixed quantum-classical Heisenberg model in two\n  dimensions: We analyse a specific two dimensional mixed spin Heisenberg model with\nexchange anisotropy, by means of high temperature expansions and Monte Carlo\nsimulations. The goal is to describe the magnetic properties of the compound\n(NBu_{4})_{2}Mn_{2}[Cu(opba)]_{3}\\cdot 6DMSO\\cdot H_{2}O which exhibits a\nferromagnetic transition at $T_{c}=15K$. Extrapolating our analysis on the\nbasis of renormalisation group arguments, we find that this transition may\nresult from a very weak anisotropy effect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic fluctuation theorems govern human sensorimotor learning: The application of thermodynamic reasoning in the study of learning systems\nhas a long tradition. Recently, new tools relating perfect thermodynamic\nadaptation to the adaptation process have been developed. These results, known\nas fluctuation theorems, have been tested experimentally in several physical\nscenarios and, moreover, they have been shown to be valid under broad\nmathematical conditions. Hence, although not experimentally challenged yet,\nthey are presumed to apply to learning systems as well. Here we address this\nchallenge by testing the applicability of fluctuation theorems in learning\nsystems, more specifically, in human sensorimotor learning. In particular, we\nrelate adaptive movement trajectories in a changing visuomotor rotation task to\nfully adapted steady-state behavior of individual participants. We find that\nhuman adaptive behavior in our task is generally consistent with fluctuation\ntheorem predictions and discuss the merits and limitations of the approach.",
        "positive": "Melting of three-sublattice order in triangular lattice Ising\n  antiferromagnets: Power-law order, $Z_6$ parafermionic multicriticality, and\n  weakly first order transitions: The nature of the thermal melting process by which triangular-lattice Ising\nantiferromagnets lose their low-temperature ferrimagnetic three-sublattice\norder depends on the range of the interactions: It changes character when\nsecond and third neighbour ferromagnetic interactions become comparable to the\nnearest-neighbour antiferromagnetic coupling. We present a detailed numerical\ncharacterization of the corresponding threshold at which two-step melting of\nthree-sublattice order gives way to a direct first-order transition at which\nthis order is lost. The multicritical behaviour at this threshold is argued to\nbe in the universality class of the $Z_6$ parafermion conformal field theory\nwith central charge $c=5/4$. The presence of this multicritical threshold\ninfluences the melting behaviour and long-wavelength properties over a fairly\nlarge range of parameters, and at temperatures that are of the same order as\nthe exchange interactions. It is therefore of potential experimental relevance\nin the context of easy-axis triangular lattice antiferromagnets that display\nsuch low temperature ordering."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Charge and spin current statistics of the open Hubbard model with weak\n  coupling to the environment: Based on generalization and extension of previous work [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf\n112}, 067201 (2014)] to multiple independent markovian baths we will compute\nthe charge and spin current statistics of the open Hubbard model with weak\nsystem-bath coupling up to next-to-leading order in the coupling parameter. The\nphysical results are related to those for the $XXZ$ model in the analogous\nsetup implying a certain universality which potentially holds in this class of\nnonequilibrium models.",
        "positive": "Time reversal symmetry breaking in two-dimensional non-equilibrium\n  viscous fluids: We study the rheological signatures of departure from equilibrium in\ntwo-dimensional viscous fluids with and without internal spin. Under the\nassumption of isotropy, we provide the most general linear constitutive\nrelations for stress and couple stress in terms of the velocity and spin\nfields. Invoking Onsager's regression hypothesis for fluctuations about steady\nstates, we derive the Green-Kubo formulae relating the transport coefficients\nto time correlation functions of the fluctuating stress. In doing so, we verify\nthe claim that one of the non-equilibrium transport coefficients, the\nodd-viscosity, requires time reversal symmetry breaking in the case of systems\nwithout internal spin. However, the Green-Kubo relations for systems with\ninternal spin also show that there is a possibility for non-vanishing odd\nviscosity even when time reversal symmetry is preserved. Furthermore, we find\nthat breakdown of equipartition in non-equilibrium steady states results in the\ndecoupling of the two rotational viscosities relating the vorticity and the\ninternal spin."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multi-phase long-term autocorrelated diffusion: Stationary\n  continuous-time Weierstrass walk vs. flight: In this paper we are examining diffusion properties of stationary\ncontinuous-time Weierstrass walk (CTWW). We are showing it is a multi-phase\nrepresentation of the L\\'evy walk. The hierarchical spatial-temporal coupling,\ncombined with coupling between dynamic variables define the CTWW process. The\nwalker moves here with a piecewise constant velocity between trajectory turning\npoints. We have found the diffusion phase diagram of the CTWW consisting not\nonly of anomalous non-Gaussian or non-fBm phases but also Brownian yet\nnon-Gaussian ones. We compare the diffusion phase diagram of the stationary\nCTWW with the corresponding hierarchical continuous-time Weierstress flight\n(CTWF). The instantaneous jumps between trajectory turning points preceded by\nwaiting define the CTWF process. It is a hierarchical representation of the\nL\\'evy flight. We have found the diffusion phase diagram of the CTWF to be a\nsmall part of the corresponding CTWW one.",
        "positive": "Heat Transport in a Random Packing of Hard Spheres: Heat conduction in a random packing of hard spheres is studied by\nnonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation. We find a hard-sphere random\npacking shows higher thermal conductivity than a crystalline packing with same\npacking fraction. Under the same pressure, the random structure causes\nreduction of thermal conductivity by only 10% from crystalline packing, which\nis consistent with the experimental fact that amorphous materials can have high\nthermal conductivity which is comparable to that of crystals."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of nanotubes: We investigate the effect of thermal fluctuations on the mechanical\nproperties of nanotubes by employing tools from statistical physics. For 2D\nsheets it was previously shown that thermal fluctuations effectively\nrenormalize elastic moduli beyond a characteristic temperature-dependent\nthermal length scale (a few nanometers for graphene at room temperature), where\nthe bending rigidity increases, while the in-plane elastic moduli reduce in a\nscale-dependent fashion with universal power law exponents. However, the\ncurvature of nanotubes produces new phenomena. In nanotubes, competition\nbetween stretching and bending costs associated with radial fluctuations\nintroduces a characteristic elastic length scale, which is proportional to the\ngeometric mean of the radius and effective thickness. Beyond elastic length\nscale, we find that the in-plane elastic moduli stop renormalizing in the axial\ndirection, while they continue to renormalize in the circumferential direction\nbeyond the elastic length scale albeit with different universal exponents. The\nbending rigidity, however, stops renormalizing in the circumferential direction\nat the elastic length scale. These results were verified using molecular\ndynamics simulations.",
        "positive": "Singularity in Entanglement Negativity Across Finite Temperature Phase\n  Transitions: Phase transitions at a finite (i.e. non-zero) temperature are typically\ndominated by classical correlations, in contrast to zero temperature\ntransitions where quantum mechanics plays an essential role. Therefore, it is\nnatural to ask if there are any signatures of a finite temperature phase\ntransition in measures that are sensitive only to quantum correlations. Here we\nstudy one such measure, namely, entanglement negativity, across finite\ntemperature phase transitions in several exactly solvable Hamiltonians and find\nthat it is a singular function of temperature across the transition. As an\naside, we also calculate the entanglement of formation exactly in a related,\ninteracting model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-assembly of multicomponent structures in and out of equilibrium: Theories of phase change and self-assembly often invoke the idea of a\n`quasiequilibrium', a regime in which the nonequilibrium association of\nbuilding blocks results nonetheless in a structure whose properties are\ndetermined solely by an underlying free energy landscape. Here we study a\nprototypical example of multicomponent self-assembly, a one-dimensional fiber\ngrown from red and blue blocks. If the equilibrium structure possesses\ncompositional correlations different from those characteristic of random\nmixing, then it cannot be generated without error at any finite growth rate:\nthere is no quasiequilibrium regime. However, by exploiting dynamic scaling,\nstructures characteristic of equilibrium at one point in phase space can be\ngenerated, without error, arbitrarily far from equilibrium. Our results thus\nsuggest a `nonperturbative' strategy for multicomponent self-assembly in which\nthe target structure is, by design, not the equilibrium one.",
        "positive": "First order non-equilibrium phase transition and bistability of an\n  electron gas: We study the carrier concentration bistabilities that occur to a highly\nphoto-excited electron gas. The kinetics of this non-equilibrium electron gas\nis given by a set of nonlinear rate equations. For low temperatures and cw\nphoto-excitation we show that they have three steady state solutions when the\nphoto-excitation energy is in a certain interval which depends on the\nelectron-electron interaction. Two of them are stable and the other is\nunstable. We also find the hysteresis region in terms of which these\nbistabilities are expressed. A diffusion model is constructed which allows the\ncoexistence of two homogeneous spatially separated phases in the\nnon-equilibrium electron gas. The order parameter is the difference of the\nelectron population in the bottom of the conduction band of these two steady\nstable states. By defining a generalized free potential we obtain the Maxwell\nconstruction that determines the order parameter. This order parameter goes to\nzero when we approach to the critical curve. Hence, this phase transition is a\nnon-equilibrium first order phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Landau-Drude Diamagnetism: Fluctuation, Dissipation and Decoherence: Starting from a quantum Langevin equation (QLE) of a charged particle coupled\nto a heat bath in the presence of an external magnetic field, we present a\nfully dynamical calculation of the susceptibility tensor. We further evaluate\nthe position autocorrelation function by using the Gibbs ensemble approach.\nThis quantity is shown to be related to the imaginary part of the dynamical\nsusceptibility, thereby validating the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in the\ncontext of dissipative diamagnetism. Finally we present an overview of\ncoherence-to-decoherence transition in the realm of dissipative diamagnetism at\nzero temperature. The analysis underscores the importance of the details of the\nrelevant physical quantity, as far as coherence to decoherence transition is\nconcerned.",
        "positive": "Scattering Signatures of Invasion Percolation: Motivated by recent experiments, we investigate the scattering properties of\npercolation clusters generated by numerical simulations on a three dimensional\ncubic lattice. Individual clusters of given size are shown to present a fractal\nstructure up to a scale of order their extent, even far away from the\npercolation threshold $p_c$. The influence of inter-cluster correlations on the\nstructure factor of assemblies of clusters selected by an invasion phenomenon\nis studied in detail. For invasion from bulk germs, we show that the scattering\nproperties are determined by three length scales, the correlation length $\\xi$,\nthe average distance between germs $d_g$, and the spatial scale probed by\nscattering, set by the inverse of the scattering wavevector $Q$. At small\nscales, we find that the fractal structure of individual clusters is retained,\nthe structure factor decaying as $Q^{-d_f}$. At large scales, the structure\nfactor tends to a limit, set by the smaller of $\\xi$ and $d_g$, both below and\nabove $p_c$. We propose approximate expressions reproducing the simulated\nstructure factor for arbitrary $\\xi$, $d_g$, and $Q$, and illustrate how they\ncan be used to avoid to resort to costly numerical simulations. For invasion\nfrom surfaces, we find that, at $p_c$, the structure factor behaves as\n$Q^{-d_f}$ at all $Q$, i.e. the fractal structure is retained at arbitrarily\nlarge scales. Results away from $p_c$ are compared to the case of bulk germs.\nOur results can be applied to discuss light or neutrons scattering experiments\non percolating systems. This is illustrated in the context of evaporation from\nporous materials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards information theory for q-nonextensive statistics without\n  q-deformed distributions: In this paper we extend our recent results [Physica A340 (2004)110] on\nq-nonextensive statistics with non-Tsallis entropies. In particular, we combine\nan axiomatics of Renyi with the q-deformed version of Khinchin axioms to obtain\nthe entropy which accounts both for systems with embedded self-similarity and\nq-nonextensivity. We find that this entropy can be uniquely solved in terms of\na one-parameter family of information measures. The corresponding entropy\nmaximizer is expressible via a special function known under the name of the\nLambert W-function. We analyze the corresponding \"high\" and \"low-temperature\"\nasymptotics and make some remarks on the possible applications.",
        "positive": "Minimal vertex covers of random trees: We study minimal vertex covers of trees. Contrarily to the number $N_{vc}(A)$\nof minimal vertex covers of the tree $A$, $\\log N_{vc}(A)$ is a self-averaging\nquantity. We show that, for large sizes $n$, $\\lim_{n\\to +\\infty} <\\log\nN_{vc}(A)>_n/n= 0.1033252\\pm 10^{-7}$. The basic idea is, given a tree, to\nconcentrate on its degenerate vertices, that is those vertices which belong to\nsome minimal vertex cover but not to all of them. Deletion of the other\nvertices induces a forest of totally degenerate trees. We show that the problem\nreduces to the computation of the size distribution of this forest, which we\nperform analytically, and of the average $<\\log N_{vc}>$ over totally\ndegenerate trees of given size, which we perform numerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal statistics of small magnets: While the canonical ensemble has been tremendously successful in capturing\nthermal statistics of macroscopic systems, deviations from canonical behavior\nexhibited by small systems are not well understood. Here, using a small two\ndimensional Ising magnet embedded inside a larger Ising magnet heat bath, we\ncharacterize the failures of the canonical ensemble when describing small\nsystems. We find significant deviations from the canonical behavior for small\nsystems near and below the critical point of the two dimensional Ising model.\nNotably, the agreement with the canonical ensemble is driven not by the system\nsize but by the statistical decoupling between the system and its surrounding.\nA superstatistical framework wherein we allow the temperature of the small\nmagnet to vary is able to capture its thermal statistics with significantly\nhigher accuracy than the Gibbs-Boltzmann distribution. We discuss future\ndirections.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of Ising Antiferromagnets with Phantom Cross-link Network\n  on Husimi Lattice: A second order cross-linked network is applied onto the classical Husimi\nlattice, to investigate the role of a \"phantom\" non-neighboring interactions of\nmid- and long-range in Bethe-like lattices for the first time. Since\nantiferromagnetic Ising model on Husimi lattice has been exactly solved and\nsuccessfully presented the melting and glass transition, the Phantom Cross-link\nNetwork (PCN) is introduced here to understand the relationship between glassy\ndefect and long-range interactions in small molecule systems, and the concept\nis inspired from the classical rubber network theory (Flory, 1985). One random\nsite out of four on the recursive unites with certain distance I (the net size)\nis selected to be linked onto the PCN. The solutions are still in the fashion\nof normal antiferromagnetic Ising model, with expected frustrations along with\nthe net size I. Beside the regular Curie transition, several interesting\nthermodynamics are observed in this toy model, and as the main found, PCN\nclearly introduces glassy portion into the system, identified by the\nsupercooling behavior with lower TC, the metastable entropy curve and the\nKauzmann paradox."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solution of a class of one-dimensional reaction-diffusion models in\n  disordered media: We study a one-dimensional class of reaction-diffusion models on a\n  $10-$parameters manifold. The equations of motion of the correlation\nfunctions close on this manifold. We compute exactly the long-time behaviour of\nthe density and correlation functions for\n  {\\it quenched} disordered systems. The {\\it quenched} disorder consists of\ndisconnected domains of reaction. We first consider the case where the disorder\ncomprizes a superposition, with different probabilistic weights, of finite\nsegments, with {\\it periodic boundary conditions}. We then pass to the case of\nfinite segments with {\\it open boundary conditions}: we solve the ordered\ndynamics on a open lattice with help of the Dynamical Matrix Ansatz (DMA) and\ninvestigate further its disordered version.",
        "positive": "Parameterization of two-dimensional turbulence using an anisotropic\n  maximum entropy production principle: We consider the modeling of the effect of unresolved scales, for\ntwo-dimensional and geophysical flows. We first show that the effect of small\nscales on a coarse-grained field, can be approximated at leading order, by the\neffect of the strain tensor on the gradient of the vorticity, which exactly\nconserves the energy. We show that this approximation would lead to unstable\nnumerical code. In order to propose a stable parameterization, while taking\ninto account of these dynamical properties, we apply a maximum entropy\nproduction principle. The parameterization acts as a selective diffusion\nproportional to the mean strain, in the contraction direction, while conserving\nthe energy. We show on numerical computation that the obtained\n\\foreignlanguage{french}{anisotropic relaxation equations} give an important\npredictability improvement, with respect to Navier-Stokes, Smagorinsky or\nhyperviscous parameterizations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Potts Model Partition Functions for Self-Dual Families of Strip Graphs: We consider the $q$-state Potts model on families of self-dual strip graphs\n$G_D$ of the square lattice of width $L_y$ and arbitrarily great length $L_x$,\nwith periodic longitudinal boundary conditions. The general partition function\n$Z$ and the T=0 antiferromagnetic special case $P$ (chromatic polynomial) have\nthe respective forms $\\sum_{j=1}^{N_{F,L_y,\\lambda}} c_{F,L_y,j}\n(\\lambda_{F,L_y,j})^{L_x}$, with $F=Z,P$. For arbitrary $L_y$, we determine (i)\nthe general coefficient $c_{F,L_y,j}$ in terms of Chebyshev polynomials, (ii)\nthe number $n_F(L_y,d)$ of terms with each type of coefficient, and (iii) the\ntotal number of terms $N_{F,L_y,\\lambda}$. We point out interesting connections\nbetween the $n_Z(L_y,d)$ and Temperley-Lieb algebras, and between the\n$N_{F,L_y,\\lambda}$ and enumerations of directed lattice animals. Exact\ncalculations of $P$ are presented for $2 \\le L_y \\le 4$. In the limit of\ninfinite length, we calculate the ground state degeneracy per site (exponent of\nthe ground state entropy), $W(q)$. Generalizing $q$ from ${\\mathbb Z}_+$ to\n${\\mathbb C}$, we determine the continuous locus ${\\cal B}$ in the complex $q$\nplane where $W(q)$ is singular. We find the interesting result that for all\n$L_y$ values considered, the maximal point at which ${\\cal B}$ crosses the real\n$q$ axis, denoted $q_c$ is the same, and is equal to the value for the infinite\nsquare lattice, $q_c=3$. This is the first family of strip graphs of which we\nare aware that exhibits this type of universality of $q_c$.",
        "positive": "The chemical potential and the work function of a metal film on a\n  dielectric substrate: The chemical potential and the work function of an aluminum film, which (1)\nis in vacuum and (2) is located on a dielectric substrate is calculated within\nthe model of non-interacting electrons located in an asymmetric rectangular\npotential well. For the first time in calculating these values for such a model\nof a metal film, the electroneutrality condition is correctly taken into\naccount. This leads to the correct behavior of these values, namely: if the\nthickness of the film increases, these characteristics tend to their bulk\nvalues."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal Conductivity for a Momentum Conserving Model: We introduce a model whose thermal conductivity diverges in dimension 1 and\n2, while it remains finite in dimension 3. We consider a system of oscillators\nperturbed by a stochastic dynamics conserving momentum and energy. We compute\nthermal conductivity via Green-Kubo formula. In the harmonic case we compute\nthe current-current time correlation function, that decay like $t^{-d/2}$ in\nthe unpinned case and like $t^{-d/2-1}$ if a on-site harmonic potential is\npresent. This implies a finite conductivity in $d\\ge 3$ or in pinned cases, and\nwe compute it explicitly. For general anharmonic strictly convex interactions\nwe prove some upper bounds for the conductivity that behave qualitatively as in\nthe harmonic cases.",
        "positive": "From single-particle stochastic kinetics to macroscopic reaction rates:\n  fastest first-passage time of $N$ random walkers: We consider the first-passage problem for $N$ identical independent particles\nthat are initially released uniformly in a finite domain $\\Omega$ and then\ndiffuse toward a reactive area $\\Gamma$, which can be part of the outer\nboundary of $\\Omega$ or a reaction centre in the interior of $\\Omega$. For both\ncases of perfect and partial reactions, we obtain the explicit formulas for the\nfirst two moments of the fastest first-passage time (fFPT), i.e., the time when\nthe first out of the $N$ particles reacts with $\\Gamma$. Moreover, we\ninvestigate the full probability density of the fFPT. We discuss a significant\nrole of the initial condition in the scaling of the average fastest\nfirst-passage time with the particle number $N$, namely, a much stronger\ndependence ($1/N$ and $1/N^2$ for partially and perfectly reactive targets,\nrespectively), in contrast to the well known inverse-logarithmic behaviour\nfound when all particles are released from the same fixed point. We combine\nanalytic solutions with scaling arguments and stochastic simulations to\nrationalise our results, which open new perspectives for studying the relevance\nof multiple searchers in various situations of molecular reactions, in\nparticular, in living cells."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Colored-noise magnetization dynamics: from weakly to strongly correlated\n  noise: Statistical averaging theorems allow us to derive a set of equations for the\naveraged magnetization dynamics in the presence of colored (non-Markovian)\nnoise. The non-Markovian character of the noise is described by a finite\nauto-correlation time, tau, that can be identified with the finite response\ntime of the thermal bath to the system of interest. Hitherto, this model was\nonly tested for the case of weakly correlated noise (when tau is equivalent or\nsmaller than the integration timestep). In order to probe its validity for a\nbroader range of auto-correlation times, a non-Markovian integration model,\nbased on the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation is presented.\nComparisons between the two models are discussed, and these provide evidence\nthat both formalisms remain equivalent, even for strongly correlated noise\n(i.e. tau much larger than the integration timestep).",
        "positive": "Microscopic modifications of equilibrium probabilities due to\n  non-conservative perturbations with applications to anharmonic systems: The standard relationships of statistical mechanics are upended my the\npresence of active forces. In particular, it is no longer usually possible to\nsimply write down what the stationary probability of a state of such a system\nwill be, as can be done in ordinary statistical mechanics. While exact\nexpressions are possible for harmonic systems, anharmonic systems tend to be\nmuch more difficult to treat. In this manuscript, we investigate how the\nmicroscopic probability for anharmonic systems is modified in the presence of\nnon-conservative forces. We recount how non-conservative corrections to\nmicroscopic probabilities in generic systems can be represented as integrals\nover Green's function kernels, and that these Green's functions take the form\nof path integrals. We show how using analytically tractable form of these\nfunctions allows us to calculate corrections to the microscopic probability for\na generic anharmonic system. These results are compared to active Brownian\nparticles inside a harmonic or anharmonic well. From this it can be shown that\naccumulation of probability away from its equilibrium minima is a natural\neffect arising in anharmonic but not harmonic systems. Finally, we extend the\nmicroscopic results to study small active polymers with anharmonic backbone\npotentials. The interplay of the active driving with the anharmonic backbone\npotential can be used to understand how the end-to-end distance and mode space\ndistributions of anharmonic active polymers scales with active driving. In\nparticular, the polymer modes with the smallest eigenvalues will be affected by\nnon-conservative forces the most."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-extensive entropy from incomplete knowledge of Shannon entropy?: In this paper we give an interpretation of Tsallis' nonextensive statistical\nmechanics based upon the information-theoretic point of view of Luzzi et al.\n[cond-mat/0306217; cond-mat/0306247; cond-mat/0307325], suggesting Tsallis'\nentropy to be not a fundamental concept but rather a derived one, stemming from\nan incomplete knowledge of the system, not taking properly into account its\ninteraction with the environment. This interpretation seems to avoid some\nproblems occurring with the original interpretation of Tsallis statistics.",
        "positive": "Path integral formulation of fractional Brownian motion for general\n  Hurst exponent: In J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 28, 4305 (1995), K. L. Sebastian gave a path\nintegral computation of the propagator of subdiffusive fractional Brownian\nmotion (fBm), i.e. fBm with a Hurst or self-similarity exponent $H\\in(0,1/2)$.\nThe extension of Sebastian's calculation to superdiffusion, $H\\in(1/2,1]$,\nbecomes however quite involved due to the appearance of additional boundary\nconditions on fractional derivatives of the path. In this paper, we address the\nconstruction of the path integral representation in a different fashion, which\nallows to treat both subdiffusion and superdiffusion on an equal footing. The\nderivation of the propagator of fBm for general Hurst exponent is then\nperformed in a neat and unified way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Out of equilibrium generalized Stokes-Einstein relation: determination\n  of the effective temperature of an aging medium: We analyze in details how the anomalous drift and diffusion properties of a\nparticle evolving in an aging medium can be interpreted in terms of an\neffective temperature of the medium. From an experimental point of view,\nindependent measurements of the mean-square displacement and of the mobility of\na particle immersed in an aging medium such as a colloidal glass give access to\nan out of equilibrium generalized Stokes-Einstein relation, from which the\neffective temperature of the medium can eventually be deduced. We illustrate\nthe procedure on a simple model with power-law behaviours.",
        "positive": "Scaling Laws for the Market Microstructure of the Interdealer Broker\n  Markets: We propose a series of simple models for the microstructure of a double\nauction market without intermediaries. We specialize to those markets, such\ninterdealer broker markets, which are dominated by professional traders, who\ntrade mainly through limit orders, watch markets closely, and move their limit\norder prices frequently. We model these markets as a set of buyers and a set of\nsellers diffusing in price space and interacting through an annihilation\ninteraction. We seek to compute the purely statistical effects of the presence\nof large numbers of traders, as scaling laws on various measures of liquidity,\nand to this end we allow our model very few parameters. We find that the\nbid-offer spread scales as $\\sqrt{1/{\\rm Deal Rate}}$.In addition we\ninvestigate the scaling of other intuitive relationships, such as the relation\nbetween fluctuations of the best bid/offer and the density of buyers/sellers.\nWe then study this model and its scaling laws under the influence of random\ndisturbances to trader drift, trader volatility, and entrance rate. We also\nstudy possible extensions to the model, such as the addition of market order\ntraders, and an interaction that models momentum-type trading. Finally, we\ndiscuss how detailed simulations may be carried out to study scaling in all of\nthese settings, and how the models may be tested inactual markets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Calculating critical temperature and critical exponents by self-similar\n  approximants: Self-similar approximation theory allows for defining effective sums of\nasymptotic series. The method of self-similar factor approximants is applied\nfor calculating the critical temperature and critical exponents of the\n$O(N)$-symmetric $\\varphi^4$ field theory in three dimensions by summing\nasymptotic $\\varepsilon$ expansions. This method is shown to be essentially\nsimpler than other summation techniques involving complicated numerical\ncalculations, while enjoying comparable accuracy.",
        "positive": "Risk Aversion and Coherent Risk Measures: a Spectral Representation\n  Theorem: We study a space of coherent risk measures M_phi obtained as certain\nexpansions of coherent elementary basis measures. In this space, the concept of\n``Risk Aversion Function'' phi naturally arises as the spectral representation\nof each risk measure in a space of functions of confidence level probabilities.\nWe give necessary and sufficient conditions on phi for M_phi to be a coherent\nmeasure. We find in this way a simple interpretation of the concept of\ncoherence and a way to map any rational investor's subjective risk aversion\nonto a coherent measure and vice--versa. We also provide for these measures\ntheir discrete versions M_phi^N acting on finite sets of N independent\nrealizations of a r.v. which are not only shown to be coherent measures for any\nfixed N, but also consistent estimators of M_phi for large N. Finally, we find\nin our results some interesting and not yet fully investigated relationships\nwith certain results known in insurance mathematical literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vacancy diffusion in the triangular lattice dimer model: We study vacancy diffusion on the classical triangular lattice dimer model,\nsub ject to the kinetic constraint that dimers can only translate, but not\nrotate. A single vacancy, i.e. a monomer, in an otherwise fully packed lattice,\nis always localized in a tree-like structure. The distribution of tree sizes is\nasymptotically exponential and has an average of 8.16 \\pm 0.01 sites. A\nconnected pair of monomers has a finite probability of being delocalized. When\ndelocalized, the diffusion of monomers is anomalous:",
        "positive": "Nonperturbative renormalization-group approach preserving the momentum\n  dependence of correlation functions: We present an approximation scheme of the nonperturbative renormalization\ngroup that preserves the momentum dependence of correlation functions. This\napproximation scheme can be seen as a simple improvement of the local potential\napproximation (LPA) where the derivative terms in the effective action are\npromoted to arbitrary momentum-dependent functions. As in the LPA the only\nfield dependence comes from the effective potential, which allows us to solve\nthe renormalization-group equations at a relatively modest numerical cost (as\ncompared, e.g., to the Blaizot--Mend\\'ez-Galain--Wschebor approximation\nscheme). As an application we consider the two-dimensional quantum O($N$) model\nat zero temperature. We discuss not only the two-point correlation function but\nalso higher-order correlation functions such as the scalar susceptibility\n(which allows for an investigation of the \"Higgs\" amplitude mode) and the\nconductivity. In particular we show how, using Pad\\'e approximants to perform\nthe analytic continuation $i\\omega_n\\to\\omega+i0^+$ of imaginary frequency\ncorrelation functions $\\chi(i\\omega_n)$ computed numerically from the\nrenormalization-group equations, one can obtain spectral functions in the\nreal-frequency domain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sampling constraints in average: The example of Hugoniot curves: We present a method for sampling microscopic configurations of a physical\nsystem distributed according to a canonical (Boltzmann-Gibbs) measure, with a\nconstraint holding in average. Assuming that the constraint can be controlled\nby the volume and/or the temperature of the system, and considering the control\nparameter as a dynamical variable, a sampling strategy based on a nonlinear\nstochastic process is proposed. Convergence results for this dynamics are\nproved using entropy estimates.As an application, we consider the computation\nof points along the Hugoniot curve, which are equilibrium states obtained after\nequilibration of a material heated and compressed by a shock wave.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation-Dissipation: Response Theory in Statistical Physics: General aspects of the Fluctuation-Dissipation Relation (FDR), and Response\nTheory are considered. After analyzing the conceptual and historical relevance\nof fluctuations in statistical mechanics, we illustrate the relation between\nthe relaxation of spontaneous fluctuations, and the response to an external\nperturbation. These studies date back to Einstein's work on Brownian Motion,\nwere continued by Nyquist and Onsager and culminated in Kubo's linear response\ntheory.\n  The FDR has been originally developed in the framework of statistical\nmechanics of Hamiltonian systems, nevertheless a generalized FDR holds under\nrather general hypotheses, regardless of the Hamiltonian, or equilibrium nature\nof the system. In the last decade, this subject was revived by the works on\nFluctuation Relations (FR) concerning far from equilibrium systems. The\nconnection of these works with large deviation theory is analyzed.\n  Some examples, beyond the standard applications of statistical mechanics,\nwhere fluctuations play a major role are discussed: fluids, granular media,\nnano-systems and biological systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermally activated interface motion in a disordered ferromagnet: We investigate interface motion in disordered ferromagnets by means of Monte\nCarlo simulations. For small temperatures and driving fields a so-called creep\nregime is found and the interface velocity obeys an Arrhenius law. We analyze\nthe corresponding energy barrier as well as the field and temperature\ndependence of the prefactor.",
        "positive": "Equivalence of ensembles, condensation and glassy dynamics in the\n  Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian: We study mathematically the equilibrium properties of the Bose-Hubbard\nHamiltonian in the limit of a vanishing hopping amplitude. This system\nconserves the energy and the number of particles. We establish the equivalence\nbetween the microcanonical and the grand-canonical ensembles for all allowed\nvalues of the density of particles $\\rho$ and density of energy $\\varepsilon$.\nMoreover, given $\\rho$, we show that the system undergoes a transition as\n$\\varepsilon$ increases, from a usual positive temperature state to the\ninfinite temperature state where a macroscopic excess of energy condensates on\na single site. Analogous results have been obtained by S. Chatterjee (2017) for\na closely related model. We introduce here a different method to tackle this\nproblem, hoping that it reflects more directly the basic understanding stemming\nfrom statistical mechanics. We discuss also how, and in which sense, the\ncondensation of energy leads to a glassy dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation theorems in feedback-controlled open quantum systems:\n  quantum coherence and absolute irreversibility: Thermodynamics of quantum coherence has attracted growing attention recently,\nwhere the thermodynamic advantage of quantum superposition is characterized in\nterms of quantum thermodynamics. We investigate thermodynamic effects of\nquantum coherent driving in the context of the fluctuation theorem. We adopt a\nquantum-trajectory approach to investigate open quantum systems under feedback\ncontrol. In these systems, the measurement backaction in the forward process\nplays a key role, and therefore the corresponding time-reversed quantum\nmeasurement and post-selection must be considered in the backward process in\nsharp contrast to the classical case. The state reduction associated with\nquantum measurement, in general, creates a zero-probability region in the space\nof quantum trajectories of the forward process, which causes singularly strong\nirreversibility with divergent entropy production (i.e., absolute\nirreversibility) and hence makes the ordinary fluctuation theorem break down.\nIn the classical case, the error-free measurement ordinarily leads to absolute\nirreversibility because the measurement restricts classical paths to the region\ncompatible with the measurement outcome. In contrast, in open quantum systems,\nabsolute irreversibility is suppressed even in the presence of the projective\nmeasurement due to those quantum rare events that go through the classically\nforbidden region with the aid of quantum coherent driving. This suppression of\nabsolute irreversibility exemplifies the thermodynamic advantage of quantum\ncoherent driving. Absolute irreversibility is shown to emerge in the absence of\ncoherent driving after the measurement, especially in systems under\ntime-delayed feedback control. We show that absolute irreversibility is\nmitigated by increasing the duration of quantum coherent driving or decreasing\nthe delay time of feedback control.",
        "positive": "Collective Dynamics from Stochastic Thermodynamics: From a viewpoint of stochastic thermodynamics, we derive equations that\ndescribe the collective dynamics near the order-disorder transition in the\nglobally coupled XY model and near the synchronization-desynchronization\ntransition in the Kuramoto model. A new way of thinking is to interpret the\ndeterministic time evolution of a macroscopic variable as an external operation\nto a thermodynamic system. We then find that the irreversible work determines\nthe equation for the collective dynamics. When analyzing the Kuramoto model, we\nemploy a generalized concept of irreversible work which originates from a\nnon-equilibrium identity associated with steady state thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic-Theoretic Description based on Closed-Time-Path Formalism: Utilizing a non-equilibrium Green function like the generalized Kadanoff-Baym\nansatz, a systematic perturbative method is presented to calculate the\nexpectation value of an arbitrary physical quantity under the restriction that\nthe Wigner distribution function is fixed. It is shown that, in the\ndiagrammatic expression of the quantity, a certain part of contributions can be\neliminated due to the restriction. Together with the quantum kinetic equation,\nthis method provides a basis for the kinetic-theoretical description.",
        "positive": "A remark on the choice of stochastic transition rates in driven\n  nonequilibrium systems: We study nonequilibrium steady states of the driven lattice gas with two\nparticles, using the most general stochastic transition rules that satisfy the\nlocal detailed balance condition. We observe that i) the universal $1/r^d$ long\nrange correlation may be found already in the two-particle models, but ii) the\nmagnitude (or even the existence/absence) of the long range correlation depends\ncrucially on the rule for transition rates. The latter is in stark contrast\nwith equilibrium dynamics, where all rules give essentially the same results\nprovided that the detailed balance condition is satisfied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasiperiodic events in an earthquake model: We introduce a modification of the OFC earthquake model [Phys. Rev. Lett. 68,\n1244 (1992)] in order to improve resemblance with the Burridge and Knopoff\nmechanical model and with possible laboratory experiments. A constant force\ncontinually drives the system, and thresholds are distributed randomly\nfollowing a narrow distribution. We find quasiperiodic behavior in the\navalanche time series with a period proportional to the degree of dissipation\nof the system. Periodicity is not as robust as criticality when the threshold\nforce distribution widens; and foreshocks and aftershocks are connected to the\nobserved periodicity.",
        "positive": "An introduction to phase transitions in stochastic dynamical systems: We give an introduction to phase transitions in the steady states of systems\nthat evolve stochastically with equilibrium and nonequilibrium dynamics, the\nlatter defined as those that do not possess a time-reversal symmetry. We try as\nmuch as possible to discuss both cases within the same conceptual framework,\nfocussing on dynamically attractive `peaks' in state space. A quantitative\ncharacterisation of these peaks leads to expressions for the partition function\nand free energy that extend from equilibrium steady states to their\nnonequilibrium counterparts. We show that for certain classes of nonequilibrium\nsystems that have been exactly solved, these expressions provide precise\npredictions of their macroscopic phase behaviour."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical two-point correlation functions and \"equation of motion\" in the\n  phi^4 model: Critical two-point correlation functions in the continuous and lattice phi^4\nmodels with scalar order parameter phi are considered. We show by different\nnon-perturbative methods that the critical correlation functions <phi^n(0)\nphi^m(x)> are proportional to <phi(0) phi(x)> at |x| --> infinity for any\npositive odd integers n and m. We investigate how our results and some other\nresults for well-defined models can be related to the conformal field theory\n(CFT), considered by Rychkov and Tan, and reveal some problems here. We find\nthis CFT to be rather formal, as it is based on an ill-defined model. Moreover,\nwe find it very unlikely that the used there \"equation of motion\" really holds\nfrom the point of view of statistical physics.",
        "positive": "Effects of breaking vibrational energy equipartition on measurements of\n  temperature in macroscopic oscillators subject to heat flux: When the energy content of a resonant mode of a crystalline solid in\nthermodynamic equilibrium is directly measured, assuming that quantum effects\ncan be neglected it coincides with temperature except for a proportionality\nfactor. This is due to the principle of energy equipartition and the\nequilibrium hypothesis. However, most natural systems found in nature are not\nin thermodynamic equilibrium and thus the principle cannot be granted. We\nmeasured the extent to which the low-frequency modes of vibration of a solid\ncan defy energy equipartition, in presence of a steady state heat flux, even\nclose to equilibrium. We found, experimentally and numerically, that the energy\nseparately associated with low frequency normal modes strongly depends on the\nheat flux, and decouples sensibly from temperature. A 4% in the relative\ntemperature difference across the object around room temperature suffices to\nexcite two modes of a macroscopic oscillator, as if they were at equilibrium,\nrespectively, at temperatures about 20% and a factor 3.5 higher. We interpret\nthe result in terms of new flux-mediated correlations between modes in the\nnonequilibrium state, which are absent at equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Arnold Tongues and Feigenbaum Exponents of the Rational Mapping for\n  Q-state Potts Model on Recursive Lattice: Q<2: We considered Q-state Potts model on Bethe lattice in presence of external\nmagnetic field for Q<2 by means of recursion relation technique. This allows to\nstudy the phase transition mechanism in terms of the obtained one dimensional\nrational mapping. The convergence of Feigenabaum $\\alpha$ and $\\delta$\nexponents for the aforementioned mapping is investigated for the period\ndoubling and three cyclic window. We regarded the Lyapunov exponent as an order\nparameter for the characterization of the model and discussed its dependence on\ntemperature and magnetic field. Arnold tongues analogs with winding numbers\nw=1/2, w=2/4 and w=1/3 (in the three cyclic window) are constructed for Q<2.\nThe critical temperatures of the model are discussed and their dependence on Q\nis investigated. We also proposed an approximate method for constructing Arnold\ntongues via Feigenbaum $\\delta$ exponent.",
        "positive": "Dynamical phase transitions, time-integrated observables and geometry of\n  states: We show that there exist dynamical phase transitions (DPTs), as defined in\n[Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 135704 (2013)], in the transverse-field Ising model\n(TFIM) away from the static quantum critical points. We study a class of\nspecial states associated with singularities in the generating functions of\ntime-integrated observables found in [Phys. Rev. B 88 184303 (2013)]. Studying\nthe dynamics of these special states under the evolution of the TFIM\nHamiltonian, we find temporal non-analtyicities in the initial-state return\nprobability associated with dynamical phase transitions. By calculating the\nBerry phase and Chern number we show the set of special states have interesting\ngeometric features similar to those associated with static quantum critical\npoints."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diagrammatic perturbation theory for Stochastic nonlinear oscillators: We consider the stochastically driven one dimensional nonlinear oscillator\n$\\ddot{x}+2\\Gamma\\dot{x}+\\omega^2_0 x+\\lambda x^3 = f(t)$ where f(t) is a\nGaussian noise which, for the bulk of the work, is delta correlated (white\nnoise). We construct the linear response function in frequency space in a\nsystematic Feynman diagram-based perturbation theory. As in other areas of\nphysics, this expansion is characterized by the number of loops in the diagram.\nThis allows us to show that the damping coefficient acquires a correction at\n$O(\\lambda^2)$ which is the two loop order. More importantly, it leads to the\nnumerically small but conceptually interesting finding that the response is a\nfunction of the frequency at which a stochastic system is probed. The method is\neasily generalizable to different kinds of nonlinearity and replacing the\nnonlinear term in the above equation by $\\mu x^2$ , we can discuss the issue of\nnoise driven escape from a potential well. If we add a periodic forcing to the\ncubic nonlinearity situation, then we find that the response function can have\na contribution jointly proportional to the strength of the noise and the\namplitude of the periodic drive. To treat the stochastic Kapitza problem in\nperturbation theory we find that it is necessary to have a coloured noise.",
        "positive": "The influence of dimension on the relaxation process of East-like models: We consider the relaxation process and the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of\nnatural generalizations to arbitrary dimensions of the well known one\ndimensional East process. These facilitated models are supposed to catch some\nof the main features of the complex dynamics of fragile glasses. We focus on\nthe low temperature regime (small density $c \\approx e^{-\\beta}$ of the\nfacilitating sites). In the literature the relaxation process for the above\nmodels has been assumed to be quasi-one dimensional and, in particular, their\nequilibration time has been computed using the relaxation time of the East\nmodel ($d=1$) on the equilibrium length scale $L_c=(1/c)^{1/d}$ in\n$d$-dimension. This led to the derivation of a super-Arrhenius scaling for the\nrelaxation time of the form $T_{\\rm rel} \\asymp \\exp(\\beta^2/d\\log 2)$. In a\ncompanion paper, using mainly renormalization group ideas and electrical\nnetworks methods, we rigorously establish that instead $T_{\\rm rel} \\asymp\n\\exp(\\beta^2/2d\\log 2)$, a result showing that the relaxation process cannot be\nquasi-one-dimensional. The above scaling sharply confirms previous MCAMC (Monte\nCarlo with Absorbing Markov Chains) simulations. Next we compute the relaxation\ntime at finite and mesoscopic length scales, and show a dramatic dependence on\nthe boundary conditions, yet another indication of key dimensional effects. Our\nfinal result is related to the out-of-equilibrium dynamics. Starting with a\nsingle facilitating site at the origin we show that, up to length scales\n$L=O(L_c)$, its influence propagates much faster (on a logarithmic scale) along\nthe diagonal direction than along the axes directions. Such unexpected result\nis due to a rather delicate balance between dynamical energy barriers and\nentropic effects in the constrained dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ergodicity properties of energy conserving single spin flip dynamics in\n  the XY model: A single spin flip stochastic energy conserving dynamics for the XY model is\nconsidered. We study the ergodicity properties of the dynamics. It is shown\nthat phase space trajectories densely fill the geometrically connected parts of\nthe energy surface. We also show that while the dynamics is discrete and the\nphase point jumps around, it cannot make transitions between closed\ndisconnected parts of the energy surface. Thus the number of distinct sectors\ndepends on the number of geometrically disconnected parts of the energy\nsurface. Information on the connectivity of the surfaces is obtained by\nstudying the critical points of the energy function. We study in detail the\ncase of two spins and find that the number of sectors can be either one or two,\ndepending on the external fields and the energy. For a periodic lattice in $d$\ndimensions, we find regions in phase space where the dynamics is non-ergodic\nand obtain a lower bound on the number of disconnected sectors. We provide some\nnumerical evidence which suggests that such regions might be of small measure\nso that the dynamics is effectively ergodic.",
        "positive": "On equilibration and coarsening in the quantum O(N) model at infinite\n  $N$: The quantum O(N) model in the infinite $N$ limit is a paradigm for\nsymmetry-breaking. Qualitatively, its phase diagram is an excellent guide to\nthe equilibrium physics for more realistic values of $N$ in varying spatial\ndimensions ($d>1$). Here we investigate the physics of this model out of\nequilibrium, specifically its response to global quenches starting in the\ndisordered phase. If the model were to exhibit equilibration, the late time\nstate could be inferred from the finite temperature phase diagram. In the\ninfinite $N$ limit, we show that not only does the model not lead to\nequilibration on account of an infinite number of conserved quantities, it also\ndoes \\emph{not} relax to a generalized Gibbs ensemble consistent with these\nconserved quantities. Nevertheless, we \\emph{still} find that the late time\nstates following quenches bear strong signatures of the equilibrium phase\ndiagram. Notably, we find that the model exhibits coarsening to a\nnon-equilibrium critical state only in dimensions $d>2$, that is, if the\nequilibrium phase diagram contains an ordered phase at non-zero temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Composite Molecules and Decoupling in Reaction Diffusion Models: The Gray-Scott model can be thought of as an effective theory at large\nspatiotemporal scales coming from a more fundamental theory valid at shorter\nspatiotemporal scales. The more fundamental theory includes a composite\nmolecule which is trilinear in the molecules of the Gray-Scott model as was\nshown in the recent derivation of the Gray-Scott model from the master\nequation. Here we show that at a classical level, ignoring the fluctuations\ndescribable in a Langevin description, the late time dynamics of the more\nfundamental theory leads to the same pattern formation as found in the\nGray-Scott model with suitable choices of the parameters describing the\ndiffusion of the composite molecule.",
        "positive": "Change of entropy for the one-dimensional ballistic heat equation:\n  Sinusoidal initial perturbation: This work presents the thermodynamical analysis of the ballistic heat\nequation from the viewpoint of two approaches: Classical Irreversible\nThermodynamics (CIT) and Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics (EIT). A formula\nfor calculation of the entropy within the framework of EIT for the ballistic\nheat equation is derived in this work. Entropy is calculated for a sinusoidal\ninitial temperature perturbation by using both approaches. The results obtained\nfrom CIT show that the entropy is a non-monotonic function and the entropy\nproduction can be negative. The results obtained with EIT show that the entropy\nis a monotonic function and the entropy production is nonnegative. An\napproximative formula for the asymptotic behavior of the entropy for the\nballistic heat equation is obtained. A comparison with the ordinary\nFourier-based heat equation and hyperbolic heat equation is made. A crucial\ndifference in asymptotic behaviour of the entropy for ballistic and classical\nheat conduction equation is shown. It is shown that mathematical time\nreversibility of partial differential ballistic heat equation is not consistent\nwith its physical irreversibility. The processes described by the ballistic\nheat equation are irreversible because of the entropy increase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic geometry of minimum-dissipation driven barrier crossing: We explore the thermodynamic geometry of a simple system that models the\nbistable dynamics of nucleic acid hairpins in single molecule force-extension\nexperiments. Near equilibrium, optimal (minimum-dissipation) driving protocols\nare governed by a generalized linear response friction coefficient. Our\nanalysis and simulations demonstrate that the friction coefficient of the\ndriving protocols is sharply peaked at the interface between metastable\nregions, which leads to minimum-dissipation protocols that drive rapidly within\na metastable basin, but then linger longest at the interface, giving thermal\nfluctuations maximal time to kick the system over the barrier. Intuitively, the\nsame principle applies generically in free energy estimation (both in steered\nmolecular dynamics simulations and in single-molecule experiments), provides a\ndesign principle for the construction of thermodynamically efficient coupling\nbetween stochastic objects, and makes a prediction regarding the construction\nof evolved biomolecular motors.",
        "positive": "First passage in discrete-time absorbing Markov chains under stochastic\n  resetting: First passage of stochastic processes under resetting has recently been an\nactive research topic in the field of statistical physics. However, most of\nprevious studies mainly focused on the systems with continuous time and space.\nIn this paper, we study the effect of stochastic resetting on first passage\nproperties of discrete-time absorbing Markov chains, described by a transition\nmatrix $\\brm{Q}$ between transient states and a transition matrix $\\brm{R}$\nfrom transient states to absorbing states. Using a renewal approach, we exactly\nderive the unconditional mean first passage time (MFPT) to either of absorbing\nstates, the splitting probability the and conditional MFPT to each absorbing\nstate. All the quantities can be expressed in terms of a deformed fundamental\nmatrix $\\brm{Z_{\\gamma}}=\\left[\\brm{I}-(1-\\gamma) \\brm{Q} \\right]^{-1}$ and\n$\\brm{R}$, where $\\brm{I}$ is the identity matrix, and $\\gamma$ is the\nresetting probability at each time step. We further show a sufficient condition\nunder which the unconditional MPFT can be optimized by stochastic resetting.\nFinally, we apply our results to two concrete examples: symmetric random walks\non one-dimensional lattices with absorbing boundaries and voter model on\ncomplete graphs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum transitions driven by one-bond defects in quantum Ising rings: We investigate quantum scaling phenomena driven by lower-dimensional defects\nin quantum Ising-like models. We consider quantum Ising rings in the presence\nof a bond defect. In the ordered phase, the system undergoes a quantum\ntransition driven by the bond defect between a magnet phase, in which the gap\ndecreases exponentially with increasing size, and a kink phase, in which the\ngap decreases instead with a power of the size. Close to the transition, the\nsystem shows a universal scaling behavior, which we characterize by computing,\neither analytically or numerically, scaling functions for the gap, the\nsusceptibility, and the two-point correlation function. We discuss the\nimplications of these results for the nonequilibrium dynamics in the presence\nof a slowly-varying parallel magnetic field h, when going across the\nfirst-order quantum transition at h=0.",
        "positive": "Approximating the monomer-dimer constants through matrix permanent: The monomer-dimer model is fundamental in statistical mechanics. However, it\nis $#P$-complete in computation, even for two dimensional problems. A\nformulation in matrix permanent for the partition function of the monomer-dimer\nmodel is proposed in this paper, by transforming the number of all matchings of\na bipartite graph into the number of perfect matchings of an extended bipartite\ngraph, which can be given by a matrix permanent. Sequential importance sampling\nalgorithm is applied to compute the permanents. For two-dimensional lattice\nwith periodic condition, we obtain $ 0.6627\\pm0.0002$, where the exact value is\n$h_2=0.662798972834$. For three-dimensional lattice with periodic condition,\nour numerical result is $ 0.7847\\pm0.0014$, {which agrees with the best known\nbound $0.7653 \\leq h_3 \\leq 0.7862$.}"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Defect fugacity, Spinwave Stiffness and T_c of the 2-d Planar Rotor\n  Model: We obtain precise values for the fugacities of vortices in the 2-d planar\nrotor model from Monte Carlo simulations in the sector with {\\em no} vortices.\nThe bare spinwave stiffness is also calculated and shown to have significant\nanharmonicity. Using these as inputs in the KT recursion relations, we predict\nthe temperature T_c = 0.925, using linearised equations, and $T_c = 0.899 \\pm\n>.005$ using next higher order corrections, at which vortex unbinding commences\nin the unconstrained system. The latter value, being in excellent agreement\nwith all recent determinations of T_c, demonstrates that our method 1)\nconstitutes a stringent measure of the relevance of higher order terms in KT\ntheory and 2) can be used to obtain transition temperatures in similar systems\nwith modest computational effort.",
        "positive": "Fractal von Neumann entropy: We consider the {\\it fractal von Neumann entropy} associated with the {\\it\nfractal distribution function} and we obtain for some {\\it universal classes h\nof fractons} their entropies. We obtain also for each of these classes a {\\it\nfractal-deformed Heisenberg algebra}. This one takes into account the braid\ngroup structure of these objects which live in two-dimensional multiply\nconnected space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Measurement of irreversibility and entropy production via the tubular\n  ensemble: The appealing theoretical measure of irreversibility in a stochastic process,\nas the ratio of the probabilities of a trajectory and its time reversal, cannot\nbe accessed directly in experiment since the probability of a single trajectory\nis zero. We regularize this definition by considering, instead, the limiting\nratio of probabilities for trajectories to remain in the tubular neighborhood\nof a smooth path and its time reversal. The resulting pathwise medium entropy\nproduction agrees with the formal expression from stochastic thermodynamics,\nand can be obtained from measurable tube probabilities. Estimating the latter\nfrom numerically sampled trajectories for Langevin dynamics yields excellent\nagreement with theory. By combining our measurement of pathwise entropy\nproduction with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm, we infer the\nentropy-production distribution for a transition path ensemble directly from\nshort recorded trajectories. Our work enables the measurement of\nirreversibility along individual paths, and path ensembles, in a model-free\nmanner.",
        "positive": "Probability density of the fractional Langevin equation with reflecting\n  walls: We investigate anomalous diffusion processes governed by the fractional\nLangevin equation and confined to a finite or semi-infinite interval by\nreflecting potential barriers. As the random and damping forces in the\nfractional Langevin equation fulfill the appropriate fluctuation-dissipation\nrelation, the probability density on a finite interval converges for long times\ntowards the expected uniform distribution prescribed by thermal equilibrium. In\ncontrast, on a semi-infinite interval with a reflecting wall at the origin, the\nprobability density shows pronounced deviations from the Gaussian behavior\nobserved for normal diffusion. If the correlations of the random force are\npersistent (positive), particles accumulate at the reflecting wall while\nanti-persistent (negative) correlations lead to a depletion of particles near\nthe wall. We compare and contrast these results with the strong accumulation\nand depletion effects recently observed for non-thermal fractional Brownian\nmotion with reflecting walls, and we discuss broader implications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The role of the number of degrees of freedom and chaos in macroscopic\n  irreversibility: This article aims at revisiting, with the aid of simple and neat numerical\nexamples, some of the basic features of macroscopic irreversibility, and, thus,\nof the mechanical foundation of the second principle of thermodynamics as drawn\nby Boltzmann. Emphasis will be put on the fact that, in systems characterized\nby a very large number of degrees of freedom, irreversibility is already\nmanifest at a single-trajectory level for the vast majority of the\nfar-from-equilibrium initial conditions - a property often referred to as\ntypicality. We also discuss the importance of the interaction among the\nmicroscopic constituents of the system and the irrelevance of chaos to\nirreversibility, showing that the same irreversible behaviours can be observed\nboth in chaotic and non-chaotic systems.",
        "positive": "Density Functional Theory of Hard Sphere Condensation Under Gravity: The onset of condensation of hard spheres in a gravitational field is studied\nusing density functional theory. In particular, we find that the local density\napproximation yields results identical to those obtained previously using the\nkinetic theory [Physica A 271, 192, (1999)], and a weighted density functional\ntheory gives qualitatively similar results, namely, that the temperature at\nwhich condensation begins at the bottom scales linearly with weight, diameter,\nand number of layers of particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Joint distribution of multiple boundary local times and related\n  first-passage time problems with multiple targets: We investigate the statistics of encounters of a diffusing particle with\ndifferent subsets of the boundary of a confining domain. The encounters with\neach subset are characterized by the boundary local time on that subset. We\nextend a recently proposed approach to express the joint probability density of\nthe particle position and of its multiple boundary local times via a\nmulti-dimensional Laplace transform of the conventional propagator satisfying\nthe diffusion equation with mixed Robin boundary conditions. In the particular\ncases of an interval, a circular annulus and a spherical shell, this\nrepresentation can be explicitly inverted to access the statistics of two\nboundary local times. We provide the exact solutions and their probabilistic\ninterpretation for the case of an interval and sketch their derivation for two\nother cases. We also obtain the distributions of various associated\nfirst-passage times and discuss their applications.",
        "positive": "Multicyclic norias: a first-transition approach to extreme values of the\n  currents: For continuous-time Markov chains we prove that, depending on the notion of\neffective affinity $F$, the probability of an edge current to ever become\nnegative is either $1$ if $F< 0$ else $\\sim \\exp - F$. The result generalizes a\n``noria'' formula to multicyclic networks. We give operational insights on the\neffective affinity and compare several estimators, arguing that stopping\nproblems may be more accurate in assessing the nonequilibrium nature of a\nsystem according to a local observer. Finally we elaborate on the similarity\nwith the Boltzmann formula. The results are based on a constructive\nfirst-transition approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-reactive forces and pattern formation induced by a nonequilibrium\n  medium: We study the induced interaction between multiple probes locally interacting\nwith driven colloids and trapped in a toroidal geometry. The effective binary\nforces between the probes break the action-reaction principle and their range\ndecreases with the driving. We demonstrate how in the stationary nonlinear\nnonequilibrium regime these interactions induce stability of a crystal-like\npattern, where the probes are equidistant, when the probe-colloid interaction\nis either completely attractive or completely repulsive.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Monte Carlo Study of Equilibrium Polymers (II): The Role of\n  Rings: We investigate by means of a number of different dynamical Monte Carlo\nsimulation methods the self-assembly of equilibrium polymers in dilute,\nsemidilute and concentrated solutions under good-solvent conditions. In our\nsimulations, both linear chains and closed loops compete for the monomers,\nexpanding on earlier work in which loop formation was disallowed. Our findings\nshow that the conformational properties of the linear chains, as well as the\nshape of their size distribution function, are not altered by the formation of\nrings. Rings only seem to deplete material from the solution available to the\nlinear chains. In agreement with scaling theory, the rings obey an algebraic\nsize distribution, whereas the linear chains conform to a Schultz--Zimm type of\ndistribution in dilute solution, and to an exponentional distribution in\nsemidilute and concentrated solution. A diagram presenting different states of\naggregation, including monomer-, ring- and chain-dominated regimes, is given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A novel difference between strong liquids and fragile liquids in their\n  dynamics near the glass transition: The systematic method to explore how the dynamics of strong liquids (S) is\ndifferent from that of fragile liquids (F) near the glass transition is\nproposed from a unified point of view based on the mean-field theory discussed\nrecently by Tokuyama. The extensive molecular-dynamics simulations are\nperformed on different glass-forming materials. The simulation results for the\nmean-$n$th displacement $M_n(t)$ are then analyzed from the unified point of\nview, where $n$ is an even number. Thus, it is first shown that in each type of\nliquids there exists a master curve $H_n^{(i)}$ as\n$M_n(t)=R^nH_n^{(i)}(v_{th}t/R;D/Rv_{th})$ onto which any simulation results\ncollapse at the same value of $D/Rv_{th}$, where $R$ is a characteristic length\nsuch as an interatomic distance, $D$ a long-time self-diffusion coefficient,\n$v_{th}$ a thermal velocity, and $i=$F and S. The master curves $H_n^{(F)}$ and\n$H_n^{(S)}$ are then shown not to coincide with each other in the so-called\ncage region even at the same value of $D/Rv_{th}$. Thus, it is emphasized that\nthe dynamics of strong liquids is quite different from that of fragile liquids.\nA new type of strong liquids recently proposed is also tested systematically\nfrom this unified point of view. The dynamics of a new type is then shown to be\ndifferent from that of well-known network glass formers in the cage region,\nalthough both liquids are classified as a strong liquid. Thus, it is suggested\nthat a smaller grouping is further needed in strong liquids, depending on\nwhether they have a network or not.",
        "positive": "Active chiral particles under confinement: surface currents and bulk\n  accumulation phenomena: In this work, we study the stationary behavior of an assembly of independent\nchiral active particles under confinement by employing an extension of the\nactive Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model. The chirality modeled by means of an effective\ntorque term leads to a drastic reduction of the accumulation near the walls\nwith respect to the case without handedness and to the appearance of currents\nparallel to the container walls accompanied by a large accumulation of\nparticles in the inner region. In the case of two-dimensional chiral particles\nconfined by harmonic walls, we determine the analytic form of the distribution\nof positions and velocities in two different situations: a rotationally\ninvariant confining potential and an infinite channel with parabolic walls.\nBoth these models display currents and chirality induced inner accumulation.\nThese phenomena are further investigated by means of a more realistic\ndescription of a channel, where the wall and bulk regions are clearly\nseparated. The corresponding current and density profiles are obtained by\nnumerical simulations. At variance with the harmonic models, the third model\nshows a progressive emptying of the wall regions and the simultaneous\nenhancement of the bulk population. We explain such a phenomenology in terms of\nthe combined effect of wall repulsive forces and chiral motion and provide a\nsemiquantitative description of the current profile in terms of an effective\nviscosity of the chiral gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entrainment transition in populations of random frequency oscillators: The entrainment transition of coupled random frequency oscillators is\nrevisited. The Kuramoto model (global coupling) is shown to exhibit unusual\nsample-dependent finite size effects leading to a correlation size exponent\n$\\bar\\nu=5/2$. Simulations of locally coupled oscillators in $d$-dimensions\nreveal two types of frequency entrainment: mean-field behavior at $d>4$, and\naggregation of compact synchronized domains in three and four dimensions. In\nthe latter case, scaling arguments yield a correlation length exponent\n$\\nu=2/(d-2)$, in good agreement with numerical results.",
        "positive": "Measures of distinguishability between stochastic processes: Quantifying how distinguishable two stochastic processes are lies at the\nheart of many fields, such as machine learning and quantitative finance. While\nseveral measures have been proposed for this task, none have universal\napplicability and ease of use. In this Letter, we suggest a set of requirements\nfor a well-behaved measure of process distinguishability. Moreover, we propose\na family of measures, called divergence rates, that satisfy all of these\nrequirements. Focussing on a particular member of this family -- the\nco-emission divergence rate -- we show that it can be computed efficiently,\nbehaves qualitatively similar to other commonly-used measures in their regimes\nof applicability, and remains well-behaved in scenarios where other measures\nbreak down."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of Transport Processes and the Method of the Nonequilibrium\n  Statistical Operator: The aim of this review is to provide better understanding of a few approaches\nthat have been proposed for treating nonequilibrium (time-dependent) processes\nin statistical mechanics with the emphasis on the inter-relation between\ntheories. The ensemble method, as it was formulated by J. W. Gibbs, have the\ngreat generality and the broad applicability to equilibrium statistical\nmechanics. Different macroscopic environmental constraints lead to different\ntypes of ensembles, with particular statistical characteristics. In the present\nwork, the statistical theory of nonequilibrium processes which is based on\nnonequilibrium ensemble formalism is discussed. The kinetic approach to dynamic\nmany-body problems, which is important from the point of view of the\nfundamental theory of irreversibility, is alluded to. The emphasis is on the\nmethod of the nonequilibrium statistical operator (NSO) developed by D. N.\nZubarev. The NSO method permits one to generalize the Gibbs ensemble method to\nthe nonequilibrium case and to construct a nonequilibrium statistical operator\nwhich enables one to obtain the transport equations and calculate the transport\ncoefficients in terms of correlation functions, and which, in the case of\nequilibrium, goes over to the Gibbs distribution. Although some space is\ndevoted to the formal structure of the NSO method, the emphasis is on its\nutility. Applications to specific problems such as the generalized transport\nand kinetic equations, and a few examples of the relaxation and dissipative\nprocesses, which manifest the operational ability of the method, are\nconsidered.",
        "positive": "Spin frustration of a spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg three-leg tube as an\n  indispensable ground for thermal entanglement: The spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg three-leg tube composed of the Heisenberg spin\ntriangles mutually coupled through the Ising inter-triangle interaction is\nexactly solved in a zero magnetic field. By making use of the local\nconservation for the total spin on each Heisenberg spin triangle the model can\nbe rigorously mapped onto a classical composite spin-chain model, which is\nsubsequently exactly treated through the transfer-matrix method. The\nground-state phase diagram, correlation functions, concurrence, Bell function,\nentropy and specific heat are examined in detail. It is shown that the spin\nfrustration represents an indispensable ground for a thermal entanglement,\nwhich is quantified with the help of concurrence. The specific heat displays\ndiverse temperature dependences, which may include a sharp low-temperature peak\nmimicking a temperature-driven first-order phase transition. It is convincingly\nevidenced that this anomalous peak originates from massive thermal excitations\nfrom the doubly degenerate ground state towards an excited state with a high\nmacroscopic degeneracy due to chiral degrees of freedom of the Heisenberg spin\ntriangles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-range correlations of the surface charge density between electrical\n  media with flat and spherical interfaces: We study the asymptotic long-range behavior of the time-dependent correlation\nfunction of the surface charge density induced on the interface between two\nmedia of distinct dielectric functions which are in thermal equilibrium with\none another as well as with the radiated electromagnetic field. We start with a\nshort review which summarizes the results obtained by using quantum and\nclassical descriptions of media, in both non-retarded and retarded regimes of\nparticle interactions. The classical static result for the flat interface is\nrederived by using a combination of the microscopic linear response theory and\nthe macroscopic method of electrostatic image charges. The method is then\napplied to the case of a spherically shaped interface between media.",
        "positive": "Relaxation of the distribution function tails for systems described by\n  Fokker-Planck equations: We study the formation and the evolution of velocity distribution tails for\nsystems with long-range interactions. In the thermal bath approximation, the\nevolution of the distribution function of a test particle is governed by a\nFokker-Planck equation where the diffusion coefficient depends on the velocity.\nWe extend the theory of Potapenko et al. [Phys. Rev. E, {\\bf 56}, 7159 (1997)]\ndeveloped for power law potentials to the case of an arbitrary potential of\ninteraction. We study how the structure and the progression of the front depend\non the behavior of the diffusion coefficient for large velocities. Particular\nemphasis is given to the case where the velocity dependence of the diffusion\ncoefficient is Gaussian. This situation arises in Fokker-Planck equations\nassociated with one dimensional systems with long-range interactions such as\nthe Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model and in the kinetic theory of\ntwo-dimensional point vortices in hydrodynamics. We show that the progression\nof the front is extremely slow (logarithmic) in that case so that the\nconvergence towards the equilibrium state is peculiar."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reversible A <-> B reaction - diffusion process with initially mixed\n  reactants: boundary layer function approach: The reversible A <-> B reaction-diffusion process, when species A and B are\ninitially mixed and diffuse with different diffusion coefficients, is\ninvestigated using the boundary layer function method. It is assumed that the\nratio of the characteristic time of the reaction to the characteristic time of\ndiffusion is taken as a small parameter of the task. It was shown that\ndiffusion-reaction process can be considered as a quasi-equilibrium process.\nDespite this fact the contribution of the reaction in changes of the species\nconcentration is comparable with the diffusion contributions. Moreover the\nratios of the reaction and diffusion contributions are independent of time and\ncoordinate. The dependence of the reaction rate on the initial species\ndistribution is analyzed. It was firstly obtained that the number of the\nreaction zones is determined by the initial conditions and changes with time.\nThe asymptotic long-time behaviour of the reaction rate also dependents on the\ninitial distribution.",
        "positive": "Search for universal roughness distributions in a critical interface\n  model: We study the probability distributions of interface roughness, sampled among\nsuccessive equilibrium configurations of a single-interface model used for the\ndescription of Barkhausen noise in disordered magnets, in space\ndimensionalities $d=2$ and 3. The influence of a self-regulating\n(demagnetization) mechanism is investigated, and evidence is given to show that\nit is irrelevant, which implies that the model belongs to the Edwards-Wilkinson\nuniversality class. We attempt to fit our data to the class of roughness\ndistributions associated to $1/f^\\alpha$ noise. Periodic, free, ``window'', and\nmixed boundary conditions are examined, with rather distinct results as regards\nquality of fits to $1/f^\\alpha$ distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Memory Function of the Generalized Diffusion Equation of Active\n  Motion: An exact description of the statistical motion of active particles in three\ndimension is presented in the framework of a generalized diffusion equation.\nSuch a generalization contemplates a non-local, in time and space, connecting\n(memory) function. This couples the rate of change of the probability density\nof finding the particle at position $\\boldsymbol{x}$ at time $t$, with the\nLaplacian of the probability density at all previous times and to all points in\nspace. Starting from the standard Fokker-Planck-like equation for the\nprobability density of finding an active particle at position $\\boldsymbol{x}$\nswimming along the direction $\\hat{\\boldsymbol{v}}$ at time $t$, we derive in\nthis paper, in an exact manner, the connecting function that allows a\ndescription of active motion in terms of this generalized diffusion equation.",
        "positive": "Kinetic theory of one-dimensional inhomogeneous long-range interacting\n  $N$-body systems at order $1/N^{2}$ without collective effects: Long-range interacting systems irreversibly relax as a result of their finite\nnumber of particles, $N$. At order $1/N$, this process is described by the\ninhomogeneous Balescu--Lenard equation. Yet, this equation exactly vanishes in\none-dimensional inhomogeneous systems with a monotonic frequency profile and\nsustaining only 1:1 resonances. In the limit where collective effects can be\nneglected, we derive a closed and explicit $1/N^{2}$ collision operator for\nsuch systems. We detail its properties highlighting in particular how it\nsatisfies an $H$-theorem for Boltzmann entropy. We also compare its predictions\nwith direct $N$-body simulations. Finally, we exhibit a generic class of\nlong-range interaction potentials for which this $1/N^{2}$ collision operator\nexactly vanishes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Out-of-Equilibrium Full-Counting Statistics in Gaussian Theories of\n  Quantum Magnets: We consider the probability distributions of the subsystem (staggered)\nmagnetization in ordered and disordered models of quantum magnets in D\ndimensions. We focus on Heisenberg antiferromagnets and long-range\ntransverse-field Ising models as particular examples. By employing a range of\nself-consistent time-dependent mean-field approximations in conjunction with\nHolstein-Primakoff, Dyson-Maleev, Schwinger boson and modified spin-wave theory\nrepresentations we obtain results in thermal equilibrium as well as during\nnon-equilibrium evolution after quantum quenches. To extract probability\ndistributions we derive a simple formula for the characteristic function of\ngeneric quadratic observables in any Gaussian theory of bosons.",
        "positive": "Gauge covariant formulation of Wigner representation through\n  deformational quantization --Application to Keldysh formalism with\n  electromagnetic field--: We developed a gauge-covariant formulation of the non-equilibrium Green\nfunction method for the dynamical and/or non-uniform electromagnetic field by\nmeans of the deformational quantization method. Such a formulation is realized\nby replacing the Moyal product in the so-called Wigner space by the star\nproduct, and facilitates the order-by-order calculation of a gauge-invariant\nobservable in terms of the electromagnetic field. An application of this\nformalism to the linear response theory is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topology and phase transitions: from an exactly solvable model to a\n  relation between topology and thermodynamics: The elsewhere surmised topological origin of phase transitions is given here\nnew important evidence through the analytic study of an exactly solvable model\nfor which both topology and thermodynamics are worked out. The model is a\nmean-field one with a k-body interaction. It undergoes a second order phase\ntransition for k=2 and a first order one for k>2. This opens a completely new\nperspective for the understanding of the deep origin of first and second order\nphase transitions, respectively. In particular, a remarkable theoretical result\nconsists of a new mathematical characterization of first order transitions.\nMoreover, we show that a \"reduced\" configuration space can be defined in terms\nof collective variables, such that the correspondence between phase transitions\nand topology changes becomes one-to-one, for this model. Finally, an unusual\nrelationship is worked out between the microscopic description of a classical\nN-body system and its macroscopic thermodynamic behaviour. This consists of a\nfunctional dependence of thermodynamic entropy upon the Morse indexes of the\ncritical points (saddles) of the constant energy hypersurfaces of the\nmicroscopic 2N-dimensional phase space. Thus phase space (and configuration\nspace) topology is directly related to thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Integral Relaxation Time of Single-Domain Ferromagnetic Particles: The integral relaxation time \\tau_{int} of thermoactivating noninteracting\nsingle-domain ferromagnetic particles is calculated analytically in the\ngeometry with a magnetic field H applied parallel to the easy axis. It is shown\nthat the drastic deviation of \\tau_{int}^{-1} from the lowest eigenvalue of the\nFokker-Planck equation \\Lambda_1 at low temperatures, starting from some\ncritical value of H, is the consequence of the depletion of the upper potential\nwell. In these conditions the integral relaxation time consists of two\ncompeting contributions corresponding to the overbarrier and intrawell\nrelaxation processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic equation for growing interfaces in quenched disordered media: We present the microscopic equation of growing interface with quenched noise\nfor the Tang and Leschhorn model [L. H. Tang and H. Leschhorn, Phys. Rev. A\n{\\bf 45}, R8309 (1992)]. The evolution equation for the height, the mean\nheight, and the roughness are reached in a simple way. An equation for the\ninterface activity density (or free sites density) as function of time is\nobtained. The microscopic equation allows us to express these equations into\ntwo contributions: the diffusion and the substratum contributions. All these\nequations shows the strong interplay between the diffusion and the substratum\ncontribution in the dynamics.",
        "positive": "Exact conjectured expressions for correlations in the dense O$(1)$ loop\n  model on cylinders: We present conjectured exact expressions for two types of correlations in the\ndense O$(n=1)$ loop model on $L\\times \\infty$ square lattices with periodic\nboundary conditions. These are the probability that a point is surrounded by\n$m$ loops and the probability that $k$ consecutive points on a row are on the\nsame or on different loops. The dense O$(n=1)$ loop model is equivalent to the\nbond percolation model at the critical point. The former probability can be\ninterpreted in terms of the bond percolation problem as giving the probability\nthat a vertex is on a cluster that is surrounded by $\\floor{m/2}$ clusters and\n$\\floor{(m+1)/2}$ dual clusters. The conjectured expression for this\nprobability involves a binomial determinant that is known to give weighted\nenumerations of cyclically symmetric plane partitions and also of certain types\nof families of nonintersecting lattice paths. By applying Coulomb gas methods\nto the dense O$(n=1)$ loop model, we obtain new conjectures for the asymptotics\nof this binomial determinant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exploring the thermodynamic limit of Hamiltonian models: convergence to\n  the Vlasov equation: We here discuss the emergence of Quasi Stationary States (QSS), a universal\nfeature of systems with long-range interactions. With reference to the\nHamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model, numerical simulations are performed based\non both the original $N$-body setting and the continuum Vlasov model which is\nsupposed to hold in the thermodynamic limit. A detailed comparison\nunambiguously demonstrates that the Vlasov-wave system provides the correct\nframework to address the study of QSS. Further, analytical calculations based\non Lynden-Bell's theory of violent relaxation are shown to result in accurate\npredictions. Finally, in specific regions of parameters space, Vlasov numerical\nsolutions are shown to be affected by small scale fluctuations, a finding that\npoints to the need for novel schemes able to account for particles\ncorrelations.",
        "positive": "Effect of Dissipation on Density Profile of One Dimensional Gas: We study the effect of dissipation on the density profile of a one\ndimensional gas that is subject to gravity. The gas is in thermal equilibrium\nat temperature T with a heat reservoir at the bottom wall. Perturbative\nanalysis of the Boltzmann equation reveals that the correction due to\ndissipation resulting from inelastic collisions is positive for $0<z<z_c$ and\nnegative for $z>z_c$ with z the vertical coordinate. The numerically determined\nvalue for $z_c$ is $mgz_c/k_BT\\approx 1.1613$, where g is the gravitational\nconstant and m is the particle mass."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal and non-universal properties of wave chaotic scattering\n  systems: The application of random matrix theory to scattering requires introduction\nof system-specific information. This paper shows that the average impedance\nmatrix, which characterizes such system-specific properties, can be\nsemiclassically calculated in terms of ray trajectories between ports.\nTheoretical predictions are compared with experimental results for a microwave\nbilliard, demonstrating that the theory successfully uncovered universal\nstatistics of wave-chaotic scattering systems.",
        "positive": "Depinning of domain walls with an internal degree of freedom: Taking into account the coupling between the position of the wall and an\ninternal degree of freedom, namely its phase $\\phi$, we examine, in the rigid\nwall approximation, the dynamics of a magnetic domain wall subject to a weak\npinning potential. We determine the corresponding force-velocity\ncharacteristics, which display several unusual features when compared to\nstandard depinning laws. At zero temperature, there exists a bistable regime\nfor low forces, with a logarithmic behavior close to the transition. For weak\npinning, there occurs a succession of bistable transitions corresponding to\ndifferent topological modes of the phase evolution. At finite temperature, the\nforce-velocity characteristics become non-monotonous. We compare our results to\nrecent experiments on permalloy nanowires."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mismatching as a tool to enhance algorithmic performances of Monte Carlo\n  methods for the planted clique model: Over-parametrization was a crucial ingredient for recent developments in\ninference and machine-learning fields. However a good theory explaining this\nsuccess is still lacking. In this paper we study a very simple case of\nmismatched over-parametrized algorithm applied to one of the most studied\ninference problem: the planted clique problem. We analyze a Monte Carlo (MC)\nalgorithm in the same class of the famous Jerrum algorithm. We show how this MC\nalgorithm is in general suboptimal for the recovery of the planted clique. We\nshow however how to enhance its performances by adding a (mismatched)\nparameter: the temperature; we numerically find that this over-parametrized\nversion of the algorithm can reach the supposed algorithmic threshold for the\nplanted clique problem.",
        "positive": "Temporal disorder in spatiotemporal order: Time-dependent driving holds the promise of realizing dynamical phenomenon\nabsent in static systems. Here, we introduce a correlated random driving\nprotocol to realize a spatiotemporal order that cannot be achieved even by\nperiodic driving, thereby extending the discussion of time translation symmetry\nbreaking to randomly driven systems. We find a combination of temporally\ndisordered micro-motion with prethermal stroboscopic spatiotemporal long-range\norder. This spatiotemporal order remains robust against generic perturbations,\nwith an algebraically long prethermal lifetime where the scaling exponent\nstrongly depends on the symmetry of the perturbation, which we account for\nanalytically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal order statistics for random walks & L\u00e9vy flights: We consider one-dimensional discrete-time random walks (RWs) of $n$ steps,\nstarting from $x_0=0$, with arbitrary symmetric and continuous jump\ndistributions $f(\\eta)$, including the important case of L\\'evy flights. We\nstudy the statistics of the gaps $\\Delta_{k,n}$ between the $k^\\text{th}$ and\n$(k+1)^\\text{th}$ maximum of the set of positions $\\{x_1,\\ldots,x_n\\}$. We\nobtain an exact analytical expression for the probability distribution\n$P_{k,n}(\\Delta)$ valid for any $k$ and $n$, and jump distribution $f(\\eta)$,\nwhich we then analyse in the large $n$ limit. For jump distributions whose\nFourier transform behaves, for small $q$, as $\\hat f (q) \\sim 1 - |q|^\\mu$ with\na L\\'evy index $0< \\mu \\leq 2$, we find that, the distribution becomes\nstationary in the limit of $n\\to \\infty$, i.e. $\\lim_{n\\to \\infty}\nP_{k,n}(\\Delta)=P_k(\\Delta)$. We obtain an explicit expression for its first\nmoment $\\mathbb{E}[\\Delta_{k}]$, valid for any $k$ and jump distribution\n$f(\\eta)$ with $\\mu>1$, and show that it exhibits a universal algebraic decay $\n\\mathbb{E}[\\Delta_{k}]\\sim k^{1/\\mu-1} \\Gamma\\left(1-1/\\mu\\right)/\\pi$ for\nlarge $k$. Furthermore, for $\\mu>1$, we show that in the limit of $k\\to\\infty$\nthe stationary distribution exhibits a universal scaling form $P_k(\\Delta) \\sim\nk^{1-1/\\mu} \\mathcal{P}_\\mu(k^{1-1/\\mu}\\Delta)$ which depends only on the\nL\\'evy index $\\mu$, but not on the details of the jump distribution. We compute\nexplicitly the limiting scaling function $\\mathcal{P}_\\mu(x)$ in terms of\nMittag-Leffler functions. For $1< \\mu <2$, we show that, while this scaling\nfunction captures the distribution of the typical gaps on the scale\n$k^{1/\\mu-1}$, the atypical large gaps are not described by this scaling\nfunction since they occur at a larger scale of order $k^{1/\\mu}$.",
        "positive": "Determination of the critical points for systems of directed percolation\n  class using machine learning: Recently, machine learning algorithms have been used remarkably to study the\nequilibrium phase transitions, however there are only a few works have been\ndone using this technique in the nonequilibrium phase transitions. In this\nwork, we use the supervised learning with the convolutional neural network\n(CNN) algorithm and unsupervised learning with the density-based spatial\nclustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm to study the\nnonequilibrium phase transition in two models. We use CNN and DBSCAN in order\nto determine the critical points for directed bond percolation (bond DP) model\nand Domany-Kinzel cellular automaton (DK) model. Both models have been proven\nto have a nonequilibrium phase transition belongs to the directed percolation\n(DP) universality class. In the case of supervised learning we train CNN using\nthe images which are generated from Monte Carlo simulations of directed bond\npercolation. We use that trained CNN in studding the phase transition for the\ntwo models. In the case of unsupervised learning, we train DBSCAN using the raw\ndata of Monte Carlo simulations. In this case, we retrain DBSCAN at each time\nwe change the model or lattice size. Our results from both algorithms show\nthat, even for a very small values of lattice size, machine can predict the\ncritical points accurately for both models. Finally, we mention to that, the\nvalue of the critical point we find here for bond DP model using CNN or DBSCAN\nis exactly the same value that has been found using transfer learning with a\ndomain adversarial neural network (DANN) algorithm."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Solution of Two-Species Ballistic Annihilation with General\n  Pair-Reaction Probability: The reaction process $A+B->C$ is modelled for ballistic reactants on an\ninfinite line with particle velocities $v_A=c$ and $v_B=-c$ and initially\nsegregated conditions, i.e. all A particles to the left and all B particles to\nthe right of the origin. Previous, models of ballistic annihilation have\nparticles that always react on contact, i.e. pair-reaction probability $p=1$.\nThe evolution of such systems are wholly determined by the initial distribution\nof particles and therefore do not have a stochastic dynamics. However, in this\npaper the generalisation is made to $p<1$, allowing particles to pass through\neach other without necessarily reacting. In this way, the A and B particle\ndomains overlap to form a fluctuating, finite-sized reaction zone where the\nproduct C is created. Fluctuations are also included in the currents of A and B\nparticles entering the overlap region, thereby inducing a stochastic motion of\nthe reaction zone as a whole. These two types of fluctuations, in the reactions\nand particle currents, are characterised by the `intrinsic reaction rate', seen\nin a single system, and the `extrinsic reaction rate', seen in an average over\nmany systems. The intrinsic and extrinsic behaviours are examined and compared\nto the case of isotropically diffusing reactants.",
        "positive": "Directed percolation and directed animals: These lectures provide an introduction to the directed percolation and\ndirected animals problems, from a physicist's point of view. The probabilistic\ncellular automaton formulation of directed percolation is introduced. The\nplanar duality of the diode-resistor-insulator percolation problem in two\ndimensions, and relation of the directed percolation to undirected first\npassage percolation problem are described. Equivalence of the $d$-dimensional\ndirected animals problem to $(d-1)$-dimensional Yang-Lee edge-singularity\nproblem is established. Self-organized critical formulation of the percolation\nproblem, which does not involve any fine-tuning of coupling constants to get\ncritical behavior is briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the ergodicity breaking in well-behaved Generalized Langevin\n  Equations: The phenomenon of ergodicity breaking of stochastic dynamics governed by\nGeneralized Langevin Equations (GLE) in the presence of well-behaved\nexponentially decaying dissipative memory kernels, recently investigated by\nmany authors (Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 83} 062102 2011; Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 98} 062140\n2018; Eur. Phys. J. B {\\bf 93} 184 2020),\n  finds, in the dynamic theory of GLE, its simple and natural explanation,\nrelated to the concept of dissipative stability. It is shown that the\noccurrence of ergodicity breakdown for well-behaved dissipative kernels falls,\nin general, ouside the region of stochastic realizability, and therefore it\ncannot be observed in physical systems.",
        "positive": "Ground State Phase Diagram of Parahydrogen in One Dimension: The low-temperature phase diagram of parahydrogen in one dimension is studied\nby quantum Monte Carlo simulations, whose results are interpreted within the\nframework of Luttinger liquid theory. We show that, contrary to what was\nclaimed in a previous study [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2348 (2000)], the equilibrium\nphase is a crystal. The phase diagram mimics that of parahydrogen in two\ndimensions, with a single quasicrystaline phase and no quantum phase\ntransition; i.e., it is qualitatively different from that of Helium-four in one\ndimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the construction of high-order force gradient algorithms for\n  integration of motion in classical and quantum systems: A consequent approach is proposed to construct symplectic force-gradient\nalgorithms of arbitrarily high orders in the time step for precise integration\nof motion in classical and quantum mechanics simulations. Within this approach\nthe basic algorithms are first derived up to the eighth order by direct\ndecompositions of exponential propagators and further collected using an\nadvanced composition scheme to obtain the algorithms of higher orders. Contrary\nto the scheme by Chin and Kidwell [Phys. Rev. E 62, 8746 (2000)], where\nhigh-order algorithms are introduced by standard iterations of a force-gradient\nintegrator of order four, the present method allows to reduce the total number\nof expensive force and its gradient evaluations to a minimum. At the same time,\nthe precision of the integration increases significantly, especially with\nincreasing the order of the generated schemes. The algorithms are tested in\nmolecular dynamics and celestial mechanics simulations. It is shown, in\nparticular, that the efficiency of the new fourth-order-based algorithms is\nbetter approximately in factors 5 to 1000 for orders 4 to 12, respectively. The\nresults corresponding to sixth- and eighth-order-based composition schemes are\nalso presented up to the sixteenth order. For orders 14 and 16, such highly\nprecise schemes, at considerably smaller computational costs, allow to reduce\nunphysical deviations in the total energy up in 100 000 times with respect to\nthose of the standard fourth-order-based iteration approach.",
        "positive": "Towards a General Theory of Extremes for Observables of Chaotic\n  Dynamical Systems: In this paper we provide a connection between the geometrical properties of a\nchaotic dynamical system and the distribution of extreme values. We show that\nthe extremes of so-called physical observables are distributed according to the\nclassical generalised Pareto distribution and derive explicit expressions for\nthe scaling and the shape parameter. In particular, we derive that the shape\nparameter does not depend on the chosen observables, but only on the partial\ndimensions of the invariant measure on the stable, unstable, and neutral\nmanifolds. The shape parameter is negative and is close to zero when\nhigh-dimensional systems are considered. This result agrees with what was\nderived recently using the generalized extreme value approach. Combining the\nresults obtained using such physical observables and the properties of the\nextremes of distance observables, it is possible to derive estimates of the\npartial dimensions of the attractor along the stable and the unstable\ndirections of the flow. Moreover, by writing the shape parameter in terms of\nmoments of the extremes of the considered observable and by using linear\nresponse theory, we relate the sensitivity to perturbations of the shape\nparameter to the sensitivity of the moments, of the partial dimensions, and of\nthe Kaplan-Yorke dimension of the attractor. Preliminary numerical\ninvestigations provide encouraging results on the applicability of the theory\npresented here. The results presented here do not apply for all combinations of\nAxiom A systems and observables, but the breakdown seems to be related to very\nspecial geometrical configurations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simulating first-order phase transition with hierarchical autoregressive\n  networks: We apply the Hierarchical Autoregressive Neural (HAN) network sampling\nalgorithm to the two-dimensional $Q$-state Potts model and perform simulations\naround the phase transition at $Q=12$. We quantify the performance of the\napproach in the vicinity of the first-order phase transition and compare it\nwith that of the Wolff cluster algorithm. We find a significant improvement as\nfar as the statistical uncertainty is concerned at a similar numerical effort.\nIn order to efficiently train large neural networks we introduce the technique\nof pre-training. It allows to train some neural networks using smaller system\nsizes and then employing them as starting configurations for larger system\nsizes. This is possible due to the recursive construction of our hierarchical\napproach. Our results serve as a demonstration of the performance of the\nhierarchical approach for systems exhibiting bimodal distributions.\nAdditionally, we provide estimates of the free energy and entropy in the\nvicinity of the phase transition with statistical uncertainties of the order of\n$10^{-7}$ for the former and $10^{-3}$ for the latter based on a statistics of\n$10^6$ configurations.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"First-order phase transitions: equivalence between\n  bimodalities and the Yang-Lee theorem\": I discuss the validity of a result put forward recently by Chomaz and\nGulminelli [Physica A 330 (2003) 451] concerning the equivalence of two\ndefinitions of first-order phase transitions. I show that distributions of\nzeros of the partition function fulfilling the conditions of the Yang-Lee\nTheorem are not necessarily associated with nonconcave microcanonical entropy\nfunctions or, equivalently, with canonical distributions of the mean energy\nhaving a bimodal shape, as claimed by Chomaz and Gulminelli. In fact, such\ndistributions of zeros can also be associated with concave entropy functions\nand unimodal canonical distributions having affine parts. A simple example is\nworked out in detail to illustrate this subtlety."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Metadynamic sampling of the free energy landscapes of proteins coupled\n  with a Monte Carlo algorithm: Metadynamics is a powerful computational tool to obtain the free energy\nlandscape of complex systems. The Monte Carlo algorithm has proven useful to\ncalculate thermodynamic quantities associated with simplified models of\nproteins, and thus to gain an ever-increasing understanding on the general\nprinciples underlying the mechanism of protein folding. We show that it is\npossible to couple metadynamics and Monte Carlo algorithms to obtain the free\nenergy of model proteins in a way which is computationally very economical.",
        "positive": "Supersolid phase of hardcore bosons on triangular lattice: We establish the nature of the supersolid phase observed for hardcore bosons\non the triangular lattice near half-integer filling factor, and study the phase\ndiagram of the system at finite temperature. We find that the solid order is\nalways of the (2m,-m',-m') with m changing discontinuously from positive to\nnegative values at half-filling, contrary to predictions of other phases, based\non an analogy with the properties of Ising spins in transverse magnetic field.\nAt finite temperature we find two intersecting second-order transition lines,\none in the 3-state Potts universality class and the other of the\nKosterlitz-Thouless type."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation of randomly distributed growing clusters: We investigate the problem of growing clusters, which is modeled by two\ndimensional disks and three dimensional droplets. In this model we place a\nnumber of seeds on random locations on a lattice with an initial occupation\nprobability, $p$. The seeds simultaneously grow with a constant velocity to\nform clusters. When two or more clusters eventually touch each other they\nimmediately stop their growth. The probability that such a system will result\nin a percolating cluster depends on the density of the initially distributed\nseeds and the dimensionality of the system. For very low initial values of $p$\nwe find a power law behavior for several properties that we investigate, namely\nfor the size of the largest and second largest cluster, for the probability for\na site to belong to the finally formed spanning cluster, and for the mean\nradius of the finally formed droplets. We report the values of the\ncorresponding scaling exponents. Finally, we show that for very low initial\nconcentration of seeds the final coverage takes a constant value which depends\non the system dimensionality.",
        "positive": "Minimal entropy production due to constraints on rate matrix\n  dependencies in multipartite processes: I consider multipartite processes in which there are constraints on each\nsubsystem's rate matrix, restricting which other subsystems can directly affect\nits dynamics. I derive a strictly nonzero lower bound on the minimal achievable\nentropy production rate of the process in terms of these constraints on the\nrate matrices of its subsystems. The bound is based on constructing\ncounterfactual rate matrices, in which some subsystems are held fixed while the\nothers are allowed to evolve. This bound is related to the \"learning rate\" of\nstationary bipartite systems, and more generally to the \"information flow\" in\nbipartite systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergent kinetic constraints in open quantum systems: Kinetically constrained spin systems play an important role in understanding\nkey properties of the dynamics of slowly relaxing materials, such as glasses.\nSo far kinetic constraints have been introduced in idealised models aiming to\ncapture specific dynamical properties of these systems. However, recently it\nhas been experimentally shown by [M. Valado et al., arXiv:1508.04384 (2015)]\nthat manifest kinetic constraints indeed govern the evolution of strongly\ninteracting gases of highly excited atoms in a noisy environment. Motivated by\nthis development we address and discuss the question concerning the type of\nkinetically constrained dynamics which can generally emerge in quantum spin\nsystems subject to strong noise. We discuss an experimentally-realizable case\nwhich displays collective behavior, timescale separation and dynamical\nreducibility.",
        "positive": "Local Susceptibility of the Yb2Ti2O7 Rare Earth Pyrochlore Computed from\n  a Hamiltonian with Anisotropic Exchange: The rare earth pyrochlore magnet Yb2Ti2O7 is among a handful of materials\nthat apparently exhibit no long range order down to the lowest explored\ntemperatures and well below the Curie-Weiss temperature. Paramagnetic neutron\nscattering on a single crystal sample has revealed the presence of anisotropic\ncorrelations and recent work has led to the proposal of a detailed microscopic\nHamiltonian for this material involving significantly anisotropic exchange. In\nthis article, we compute the local sublattice susceptibility of Yb2Ti2O7 from\nthe proposed model and compare with the measurements of Cao and coworkers\n[Physical Review Letters, {103}, 056402 (2009)], finding quite good agreement.\nIn contrast, a model with only isotropic exchange and long range magnetostatic\ndipoles gives rise to a local susceptiblity that is inconsistent with the data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Statistical Mechanics. II. Stochastic Schrodinger Equation: The stochastic dissipative Schrodinger equation is derived for an open\nquantum system consisting of a sub-system able to exchange energy with a\nthermal reservoir. The resultant evolution of the wave function also gives the\nevolution of the density matrix, which is an explicit, stochastic form of the\nLindblad master equation. A quantum fluctuation-dissipation theorem is also\nderived. The time correlation function is discussed.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium fluctuations in frictional granular motor: experiments\n  and kinetic theory: We report the study of a new experimental granular Brownian motor, inspired\nto the one published in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 248001 (2010)], but different in\nsome ingredients. As in that previous work, the motor is constituted by a\nrotating pawl whose surfaces break the rotation-inversion symmetry through\nalternated patches of different inelasticity, immersed in a gas of granular\nparticles. The main novelty of our experimental setup is in the orientation of\nthe main axis, which is parallel to the (vertical) direction of shaking of the\ngranular fluid, guaranteeing an isotropic distribution for the velocities of\ncolliding grains, characterized by a variance $v_0^2$. We also keep the\ngranular system diluted, in order to compare with Boltzmann-equation-based\nkinetic theory. In agreement with theory, we observe for the first time the\ncrucial role of Coulomb friction which induces two main regimes: (i) rare\ncollisions (RC), with an average drift $\\ < \\omega \\ > \\sim v_0^3$, and (ii)\nfrequent collisions (FC), with $\\ < \\omega \\ > \\sim v_0$. We also study the\nfluctuations of the angle spanned in a large time interval, $\\Delta \\theta$,\nwhich in the FC regime is proportional to the work done upon the motor. We\nobserve that the Fluctuation Relation is satisfied with a slope which weakly\ndepends on the relative collision frequency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Avalanche size distributions in mean field plastic yielding models: I discuss the size distribution ${\\cal N}(S)$ of avalanches occurring at the\nyielding transition of mean field (i.e., Hebraud-Lequeux) models of amorphous\nsolids. The size distribution follows a power law dependence of the form:\n${\\cal N}(S)\\sim S^{-\\tau}$. However (contrary to what is found in its\ndepinning counterpart) the value of $\\tau$ depends on details of the dynamic\nprotocol used. For random triggering of avalanches I recover the $\\tau=3/2$\nexponent typical of mean field models, which in particular is valid for the\ndepinning case. However, for the physically relevant case of external loading\nthrough a quasistatic increase of applied strain, a smaller exponent (close to\n1) is obtained. This result is rationalized by mapping the problem to an\neffective random walk in the presence of a moving absorbing boundary.",
        "positive": "On the exact solvability of the anisotropic central spin model: An\n  operator approach: Using an operator approach based on a commutator scheme that has been\npreviously applied to Richardson's reduced BCS model and the inhomogeneous\nDicke model, we obtain general exact solvability requirements for an\nanisotropic central spin model with $XXZ$-type hyperfine coupling between the\ncentral spin and the spin bath, without any prior knowledge of integrability of\nthe model. We outline the basic steps of the usage of the operator approach,\nand pedagogically summarize them into two \\emph{Lemmas} and two\n\\emph{Constraints}. Through a step-by-step construction of the eigen-problem,\nwe show that the condition $g'^2_j-g_j^2=c$ naturally arises for the model to\nbe exactly solvable, where $c$ is a constant independent of the bath-spin index\n$j$, and $\\{g_j\\}$ and $\\{g'_j\\}$ are the longitudinal and transverse hyperfine\ninteractions, respectively. The obtained conditions and the resulting Bethe\nansatz equations are consistent with that in previous literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical phenomena on k-booklets: We define a `k-booklet' to be a set of k semi-infinite planes with $-\\infty <\nx < \\infty$ and $y \\geq 0$, glued together at the edges (the `spine') y=0. On\nsuch booklets we study three critical phenomena: Self-avoiding random walks,\nthe Ising model, and percolation. For k=2 a booklet is equivalent to a single\ninfinite lattice, for k=1 to a semi-infinite lattice. In both these cases the\nsystems show standard critical phenomena. This is not so for k>2. Self avoiding\nwalks starting at y=0 show a first order transition at a shifted critical\npoint, with no power-behaved scaling laws. The Ising model and percolation show\nhybrid transitions, i.e. the scaling laws of the standard models coexist with\ndiscontinuities of the order parameter at $y\\approx 0$, and the critical points\nare not shifted. In case of the Ising model ergodicity is already broken at\n$T=T_c$, and not only for $T<T_c$ as in the standard geometry. In all three\nmodels correlations (as measured by walk and cluster shapes) are highly\nanisotropic for small y.",
        "positive": "Multicanonical Methods vs. Molecular Dynamics vs. Monte Carlo:\n  Comparison for Lennard-Jones Glasses: We applied a multicanonical algorithm (entropic sampling) to a\ntwo-dimensional and a three-dimensional Lennard-Jones system with\nquasicrystalline and glassy ground states. Focusing on the ability of the\nalgorithm to locate low lying energy states, we compared the results of the\nmulticanonical simulations with standard Monte Carlo simulated annealing and\nmolecular dynamics methods. We find slight benefits to using entropic sampling\nin small systems (less than 80 particles), which disappear with larger systems.\nThis is disappointing as the multicanonical methods are designed to surmount\nenergy barriers to relaxation. We analyze this failure theoretically, and show\n(1) the multicanonical method is reduced in the thermodynamic limit (large\nsystems) to an effective Monte Carlo simulated annealing with a random\ntemperature vs. time, and (2) the multicanonical method gets trapped by\nunphysical entropy barriers in the same metastable states whose energy barriers\ntrap the traditional quenches. The performance of Monte Carlo and molecular\ndynamics quenches were remarkably similar."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis in quantum dimer models: We use exact diagonalization to study the eigenstate thermalization\nhypothesis (ETH) in the quantum dimer model on the square and triangular\nlattices. Due to the nonergodicity of the local plaquette-flip dynamics, the\nHilbert space, which consists of highly constrained close-packed dimer\nconfigurations, splits into sectors characterized by topological invariants. We\nshow that this has important consequences for ETH: We find that ETH is clearly\nsatisfied only when each topological sector is treated separately, and only for\nmoderate ratios of the potential and kinetic terms in the Hamiltonian. By\ncontrast, when the spectrum is treated as a whole, ETH breaks down on the\nsquare lattice, and apparently also on the triangular lattice. These results\ndemonstrate that quantum dimer models have interesting thermalization dynamics.",
        "positive": "Active to absorbing state phase transition in the presence of a\n  fluctuating environment: Feedback and universality: We construct and analyse a simple {\\em reduced} model to study the effects of\nthe interplay between a density undergoing an active-to-absorbing state phase\ntransition (AAPT) and a fluctuating environment in the form of a broken\nsymmetry mode coupled to the density field in any arbitrary dimension. We show,\nby using perturbative renormalisation group calculations, that {\\em both} the\neffects of the environment on the density and the latter's feedback on the\nenvironment influence the ensuing universal scaling behaviour of the AAPT at\nits extinction transition. Phenomenological implications of our results in the\ncontext of more realistic natural examples are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A curious mapping between supersymmetric quantum chains: We present a unitary transformation relating two apparently different\nsupersymmetric lattice models in one dimension. The first \\cite{FS07} describes\nsemionic particles on a 1D ladder, with supersymmetry moving particles between\nthe two legs. The second \\cite{GFNR15} is a fermionic model with particle-hole\nsymmetry and with supersymmetry creating or annihilating pairs of domain walls.\nThe mapping we display features non-trivial phase factors that generalise the\nsign factors occurring in the Jordan-Wigner transformation. We dedicate this\nwork to our friend and colleague Bernard Nienhuis, on the occasion of his 65-th\nbirthday.",
        "positive": "Statistical prefactor and nucleation rate near and out of the critical\n  point: The nucleation rate derived in the classical theory contains at least one\nundetermined parameter, which may be expressed in terms of the Langer\nfirst-principles theory. But the uncertainties in the accounting for\nfluctuation modes, which are either absorbed into the free energy of a critical\ncluster or not, result in different evaluations of the statistical prefactor\nand nucleation rate. We get the scaling approximations of the nucleation rate\nfor the vapour condensation both near and out of the critical range. The\nresults obtained deserve the experimental verification to resolve the\ntheoretical uncertainty. PACS numbers: 64.60.Qb, 05.70.Fh, 64.60.Fr, 64.70.Fx"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bose-Einstein condensate: critical velocities and energy diagrams in the\n  Thomas-Fermi regime: For a Bose-Einstein condensate placed in a rotating trap and confined in the\nz axis, we set a framework of study for the Gross-Pitaevskii energy in the\nThomas Fermi regime. We investigate an asymptotic development of the energy,\nthe critical velocities of nucleation of vortices with respect to a small\nparameter $\\ep$ and the location of vortices. The limit $\\ep$ going to zero\ncorresponds to the Thomas Fermi regime. The non-dimensionalized energy is\nsimilar to the Ginzburg-Landau energy for superconductors in the high-kappa\nhigh-field limit and our estimates rely on techniques developed for this latter\nproblem. We also take the advantage of this similarity to develop a numerical\nalgorithm for computing the Bose-Einstein vortices. Numerical results and\nenergy diagrams are presented.",
        "positive": "Viscoelastic description of electron subsystem of a semi-bounded metal\n  within generalized \"jellium\" model: Viscoelastic description of the electron subsystem of a semi-bounded metal on\nthe basis of the generalized \"jellium\" model using the method of nonequilibrium\nstatistical Zubarev operator is proposed. The nonequilibrium statistical\noperator and the quasi-equilibrium partition function calculated by means of\nthe functional integration method are obtained. Transport equations for\nnonequilibrium mean values of electron density and momentum are received in the\nGaussian approximation and in the following higher approximation that\ncorresponds to the third-order cumulant averages in calculation of the\nquasi-equilibrium partition function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Why asymmetric interparticle interaction can result in convergent heat\n  conductivity: We show that the asymmetric inter-particle interactions may induce rapid\ndecay of heat current autocorrelation in one-dimensional momentum conserving\nlattices. When the asymmetry degree and the temperature are appropriate, the\ndecay is sufficient rapid for resulting a convergence conductivity practically.\nTo understand the underlying mechanism, we further studied the relaxation\nbehavior of the hydrodynamic modes. It is shown that for lattice with symmetric\npotential, the heat mode relaxs in the superdiffusive manner, while in the case\nof asymmetric potential, the heat mode may relax in the normal manner.",
        "positive": "New representations of the Hecke algebra and algebraic Bethe Ansatz for\n  an integrable generalized spin ladder: This paper has been withdrawn by the authors, due an error in Bethe Ansatz\nequations (16)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complete Exact Solution of Diffusion-Limited Coalescence, A + A -> A: Some models of diffusion-limited reaction processes in one dimension lend\nthemselves to exact analysis. The known approaches yield exact expressions for\na limited number of quantities of interest, such as the particle concentration,\nor the distribution of distances between nearest particles. However, a full\ncharacterization of a particle system is only provided by the infinite\nhierarchy of multiple-point density correlation functions. We derive an exact\ndescription of the full hierarchy of correlation functions for the\ndiffusion-limited irreversible coalescence process A + A -> A.",
        "positive": "Flow can order: Phases of live XY spins in two dimensions: We present the hydrodynamic theory of active XY spins coupled with flow\nfields, for systems both having and or lacking number conservation in two\ndimensions (2D). For the latter, with strong activity or nonequilibrium drive,\nthe system can synchronize, or be phase-ordered with various types of order,\ne.g., quasi long range order (QLRO) or new kind of order weaker or stronger\nthan QLRO for sufficiently strong active flow-phase couplings. For the number\nconserving case, the system can show QLRO or order weaker than QLRO, again for\nsufficiently strong active flow-phase couplings. For other choices of the model\nparameters, the system necessarily disorders in a manner similar to immobile\nbut active XY spins, or 2D Kardar-Parisi-Zhang surfaces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of overlap on spreading dynamics on multiplex networks: In spite of the study of epidemic dynamics on single-layer networks has\nreceived considerable attention, the epidemic dynamics on multiplex networks is\nstill limited and is facing many challenges. In this work, we consider the\nsusceptible-infected-susceptible-type (SIS) epidemic model on multiplex\nnetworks and investigate the effect of overlap among layers on the spreading\ndynamics. To do so, we assume that the prerequisite of one $S$-node to be\ninfected is that there is at least one infectious neighbor in each layer. A\nremarkable result is that the overlap can alter the nature of the phase\ntransition for the onset of epidemic outbreak. Specifically speaking, the\nsystem undergoes a usual continuous phase transition when two layers are\ncompletely overlapped. Otherwise, a discontinuous phase transition is observed,\naccompanied by the occurrence of a bistable region in which a disease-free\nphase and an endemic phase are coexisting. As the degree of the overlap\ndecreases, the bistable region is enlarged. The results are validated by both\nsimulation and mean-field theory.",
        "positive": "A generating function approach to the growth rate of random matrix\n  products: Random matrix products arise in many science and engineering problems. An\nefficient evaluation of its growth rate is of great interest to researchers in\ndiverse fields. In the current paper, we reformulate this problem with a\ngenerating function approach, based on which two analytic methods are proposed\nto compute the growth rate. The new formalism is demonstrated in a series of\nexamples including an Ising model subject to on-site random magnetic fields,\nwhich seems very efficient and easy to implement. Through an extensive\ncomparison with numerical computation, we see that the analytic results are\nvalid in a regime of considerable size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical phase transition to localized states in the two-dimensional\n  random walk conditioned on partial currents: The study of dynamical large deviations allows for a characterization of\nstationary states of lattice gas models out of equilibrium conditioned on\naverages of dynamical observables. The application of this framework to the\ntwo-dimensional random walk conditioned on partial currents reveals the\nexistence of a dynamical phase transition between delocalized band dynamics and\nlocalized vortex dynamics. We present a numerical microscopic characterization\nof the phases involved, and provide analytical insight based on the macroscopic\nfluctuation theory. A spectral analysis of the microscopic generator shows that\nthe continuous phase transition is accompanied by spontaneous\n$\\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry breaking whereby the stationary solution loses the\nreflection symmetry of the generator. Dynamical phase transitions similar to\nthis one, which do not rely on exclusion effects or interactions, are likely to\nbe observed in more complex non-equilibrium physics models.",
        "positive": "Reply to \"Rescuing the MaxEnt treatment for $q$-generalized entropies\"\n  by A. Plastino and M.C. Rocca: Plastino and Rocca [Physica A 491, 1023 (2018)] recently criticized our work\n[Phys. Lett. A 381, 207 (2017)] on the ground that one should use functional\ncalculus instead of the ordinary calculus adopted by us in the entropy\nmaximization procedure. We simply point out that our work requires right from\nthe beginning $\\partial S_q / \\partial U = \\beta$, whereas the formalism of\nPlastino and Rocca yields $\\partial S_q/\\partial U = q \\beta Z^{1-q} \\neq\n\\beta$. Therefore, the work of Plastino and Rocca is irrelevant for our work."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evidence for gapped spin-wave excitations in the frustrated Gd2Sn2O7\n  pyrochlore antiferromagnet from low-temperature specific heat measurements: We have measured the low-temperature specific heat of the geometrically\nfrustrated pyrochlore Heisenberg antiferromagnet Gd2Sn2O7 in zero magnetic\nfield. The specific heat is found to drop exponentially below approximately 350\nmK. This provides evidence for a gapped spin-wave spectrum due to an anisotropy\nresulting from single ion effects and long-range dipolar interactions. The data\nare well fitted by linear spin-wave theory, ruling out unconventional low\nenergy magnetic excitations in this system, and allowing a determination of the\npertinent exchange interactions in this material.",
        "positive": "Pseudospectral versus finite-differences schemes in the numerical\n  integration of stochastic models of surface growth: We present a comparison between finite differences schemes and a\npseudospectral method applied to the numerical integration of stochastic\npartial differential equations that model surface growth. We have studied, in\n1+1 dimensions, the Kardar, Parisi and Zhang model (KPZ) and the Lai, Das Sarma\nand Villain model (LDV). The pseudospectral method appears to be the most\nstable for a given time step for both models. This means that the time up to\nwhich we can follow the temporal evolution of a given system is larger for the\npseudospectral method. Moreover, for the KPZ model, a pseudospectral scheme\ngives results closer to the predictions of the continuum model than those\nobtained through finite difference methods. On the other hand, some numerical\ninstabilities appearing with finite difference methods for the LDV model are\nabsent when a pseudospectral integration is performed. These numerical\ninstabilities give rise to an approximate multiscaling observed in the\nnumerical simulations. With the pseudospectral approach no multiscaling is seen\nin agreement with the continuum model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic theory of synchronization transitions in extended systems: We propose a general Langevin equation describing the universal properties of\nsynchronization transitions in extended systems. By means of theoretical\narguments and numerical simulations we show that the proposed equation\nexhibits, depending on parameter values, either: i) a continuous transition in\nthe bounded Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class, with a zero largest\nLyapunov exponent at the critical point; ii) a continuous transition in the\ndirected percolation class, with a negative Lyapunov exponent, or iii) a\ndiscontinuous transition (that is argued to be possibly just a transient\neffect). Cases ii) and iii) exhibit coexistence of synchronized and\nunsynchronized phases in a broad (fuzzy) region. This phenomenology reproduces\nalmost all the reported features of synchronization transitions of coupled map\nlattices and other models, providing a unified theoretical framework for the\nanalysis of synchronization transitions in extended systems.",
        "positive": "Scaling exponents and phase separation in a nonlinear network model\n  inspired by the gravitational accretion: We study dynamics and scaling exponents in a nonlinear network model inspired\nby the formation of planetary systems. Dynamics of this model leads to phase\nseparation to two types of condensate, light and heavy, distinguished by how\nthey scale with mass. Light condensate distributions obey power laws given in\nterms of several identified scaling exponents that do not depend on initial\nconditions. The analyzed properties of heavy condensates have been found to be\nscale-free. Calculated mass distributions agree well with more complex models,\nand fit observations of both our own Solar System, and the best observed\nextra-solar planetary systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal scaling in first-order phase transitions mixed with nucleation\n  and growth: Matter exhibits phases and their transitions. These transitions are\nclassified as first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) and continuous ones. While\nthe latter has a well-established theory of the renormalization group, the\nformer is only qualitatively accounted for by classical theories of nucleation,\nsince their predictions often disagree with experiments by orders of magnitude.\nA theory to integrate FOPTs into the framework of the renormalization-group\ntheory has been proposed but seems to contradict with extant wisdom and lacks\nnumerical evidence. Here we show that universal hysteresis scaling as predicted\nby the renormalization-group theory emerges unambiguously when the theory is\ncombined intimately with the theory of nucleation and growth in the FOPTs of\nthe paradigmatic two-dimensional Ising model driven by a linearly varying\nexternally applied field below its critical point. This not only provides a new\nmethod to rectify the nucleation theories, but also unifies the theories for\nboth classes of transitions and FOPTs can be studied using universality and\nscaling similar to their continuous counterpart.",
        "positive": "Inhomogeneous discrete-time exclusion processes: We study discrete time Markov processes with periodic or open boundary\nconditions and with inhomogeneous rates in the bulk. The Markov matrices are\ngiven by the inhomogeneous transfer matrices introduced previously to prove the\nintegrability of quantum spin chains. We show that these processes have a\nsimple graphical interpretation and correspond to a sequential update. We\ncompute their stationary state using a matrix ansatz and express their\nnormalization factors as Schur polynomials. A connection between Bethe roots\nand Lee-Yang zeros is also pointed out."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transistor-Like Behavior of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Triple Well\n  Potential: In the last several years considerable efforts have been devoted to\ndeveloping Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)-based devices for applications such\nas fundamental research, precision measurements and integrated atom optics.\nSuch devices capable of complex functionality can be designed from simpler\nbuilding blocks as is done in microelectronics. One of the most important\ncomponents of microelectronics is a transistor. We demonstrate that\nBose-Einstein condensate in a three well potential structure where the\ntunneling of atoms between two wells is controlled by the population in the\nthird, shows behavior similar to that of an electronic field effect transistor.\nNamely, it exhibits switching and both absolute and differential gain. The role\nof quantum fluctuations is analyzed, estimates of switching time and parameters\nfor the potential are presented.",
        "positive": "Coarse-grained patterns in multiplex networks: A new class of patterns for multiplex networks is studied, which consists in\na collection of different homogeneous states each referred to a distinct layer.\nThe associated stability diagram exhibits a tricritical point, as a function of\nthe inter-layer diffusion coefficients. The coarse-grained patterns made of\nalternating homogenous layers, are dynamically selected via non homogeneous\nperturbations superposed to the underlying, globally homogeneous, fixed point\nand by properly modulating the coupling strength between layers. Furthermore,\nlayer-homogenous fixed points can turn unstable following a mechanism \\`a la\nTuring, instigated by the intra-layer diffusion. This novel class of solutions\nenriches the spectrum of dynamical phenomena as displayed within the variegated\nrealm of multiplex science."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chemical Thermodynamics for Growing Systems: We consider growing open chemical reaction systems (CRSs), in which\nautocatalytic chemical reactions are encapsulated in a finite volume and its\nsize can change in conjunction with the reactions. The thermodynamics of\ngrowing CRSs is indispensable for understanding biological cells and designing\nprotocells by clarifying the physical conditions and costs for their growing\nstates. In this work, we establish a thermodynamic theory of growing CRSs by\nextending the Hessian geometric structure of non-growing CRSs. The theory\nprovides the environmental conditions to determine the fate of the growing\nCRSs; growth, shrinking or equilibration. We also identify thermodynamic\nconstraints; one to restrict the possible states of the growing CRSs and the\nother to further limit the region where a nonequilibrium steady growing state\ncan exist. Moreover, we evaluate the entropy production rate in the steady\ngrowing state. The growing nonequilibrium state has its origin in the\nextensivity of thermodynamics, which is different from the conventional\nnonequilibrium states with constant volume. These results are derived from\ngeneral thermodynamic considerations without assuming any specific\nthermodynamic potentials or reaction kinetics; i.e., they are obtained based\nsolely on the second law of thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "On statistics and 1/f noise of molecular random walk in low-density gas: The random walk of test particle in low-density gas is considered basing on\napproximate coarsened version of the collisional representation of the BBGKY\nequations. The coarsening presumes that momentum relaxation rates of the test\nparticle and gas atoms are equal but allows to analyze the case when their\nmasses are different. It is shown that both the spectrum exponent and\nprobability distribution of 1/f-type diffusivity fluctuations of the test\nparticle essentially depend on ratio of the masses, and corresponding\ndistribution of its path is found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic and thermodynamic bounds for collective motor-driven transport: Molecular motors work collectively to transport cargo within cells, with\nanywhere from one to several hundred motors towing a single cargo. For a broad\nclass of collective-transport systems, we use tools from stochastic\nthermodynamics to derive a new lower bound for the entropy production rate\nwhich is tighter than the second law. This implies new bounds on the velocity,\nefficiency, and precision of general transport systems and a set of analytic\nPareto frontiers for identical motors. In a specific model, we identify\nconditions for saturation of these Pareto frontiers.",
        "positive": "Exact Solution of Ising Model on a Small-World Network: We present an exact solution of a one-dimensional Ising chain with both\nnearest neighbor and random long-range interactions. Not surprisingly, the\nsolution confirms the mean field character of the transition. This solution\nalso predicts the finite-size scaling that we observe in numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple method to calculate first-passage time densities of non-smooth\n  processes: Numerous applications all the way from biology and physics to economics\ndepend on the density of first crossings over a boundary. Motivated by the lack\nof analytical tools for computing first-passage time densities (FPTDs) for\ncomplex problems, we propose a new simple method based on the Independent\nInterval Approximation (IIA). We generalise previous formulations of the IIA to\nhandle non-smooth processes, and derive a closed form expression for the FPTD\nin Laplace and $z$-transform space for arbitrary boundary and starting points\nin one dimension. We focus on Markov processes for which the IIA is exact. To\napply our equations, we calculate the FPTD in two cases: the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck\nprocess and the discrete time Brownian walk. Our results are in good agreement\nwith Langevin dynamics simulations.",
        "positive": "Scattering function for a self-avoiding polymer chain: An explicit expression is derived for the scattering function of a\nself-avoiding polymer chain in a $d$-dimensional space. The effect of strength\nof segment interactions on the shape of the scattering function and the radius\nof gyration of the chain is studied numerically. Good agreement is demonstrated\nbetween experimental data on dilute solutions of several polymers and results\nof numerical simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation vs Ordering: From the Spherical Models to BEC in the\n  Canonical and Grand Canonical Ensemble: In this paper we take a fresh look at the long standing issue of the nature\nof macroscopic density fluctuations in the grand canonical treatment of the\nBose-Einstein condensation (BEC). Exploiting the close analogy between the\nspherical and mean-spherical models of magnetism with the canonical and grand\ncanonical treatment of the ideal Bose gas, we show that BEC stands for\ndifferent phenomena in the two ensembles: an ordering transition of the type\nfamiliar from ferromagnetism in the canonical ensemble and condensation of\nfluctuations, i.e. growth of macroscopic fluctuations in a single degree of\nfreedom, without ordering, in the grand canonical case. We further clarify that\nthis is a manifestation of nonequivalence of the ensembles, due to the\nexistence of long range correlations in the grand canonical one. Our results\nshed new light on the recent experimental realization of BEC in a photon gas,\nsuggesting that the observed BEC when prepared under grand canonical conditions\nis an instance of condensation of fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Beyond the Freshman's Dream: Classical fractal spin liquids from matrix\n  cellular automata in three-dimensional lattice models: We construct models hosting classical fractal spin liquids on two realistic\nthree-dimensional (3D) lattices of corner-sharing triangles: trillium and\nhyperhyperkagome (HHK). Both models involve the same form of three-spin Ising\ninteractions on triangular plaquettes as the Newman-Moore (NM) model on the 2D\ntriangular lattice. However, in contrast to the NM model and its 3D\ngeneralizations, their degenerate ground states and low-lying excitations\ncannot be described in terms of scalar cellular automata (CA), because the\ncorresponding fractal structures lack a simplifying algebraic property, often\ntermed the 'Freshman's dream'. By identifying a link to matrix CAs -- that\nmakes essential use of the crystallographic structure -- we show that both\nmodels exhibit fractal symmetries of a distinct class to the NM-type models. We\ndevise a procedure to explicitly construct low-energy excitations consisting of\nfinite sets of immobile defects or \"fractons\", by flipping arbitrarily large\nself-similar subsets of spins, whose fractal dimensions we compute\nanalytically. We show that these excitations are associated with energetic\nbarriers which increase logarithmically with system size, leading to \"fragile\"\nglassy dynamics, whose existence we confirm via classical Monte Carlo\nsimulations. We also discuss consequences for spontaneous fractal symmetry\nbreaking when quantum fluctuations are introduced by a transverse magnetic\nfield, and propose multi-spin correlation function diagnostics for such\ntransitions. Our findings suggest that matrix CAs may provide a fruitful route\nto identifying fractal symmetries and fracton-like behaviour in lattice models,\nwith possible implications for the study of fracton topological order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Memory-dependent noise-induced resonance and diffusion in non-markovian\n  systems: We study the random processes with non-local memory and obtain new solutions\nof the Mori-Zwanzig equation describing non-markovian systems. We analyze the\nsystem dynamics depending on the amplitudes $\\nu$ and $\\mu_0$ of the local and\nnon-local memory and pay attention to the line in the ($\\nu$, $\\mu_0$)-plane\nseparating the regions with asymptotically stationary and non-stationary\nbehavior. We obtain general equations for such boundaries and consider them for\nthree examples of the non-local memory functions. We show that there exist two\ntypes of the boundaries with fundamentally different system dynamics. On the\nboundaries of the first type, the diffusion with memory takes place, whereas on\nborderlines of the second type, the phenomenon of noise-induced resonance can\nbe observed. A distinctive feature of noise-induced resonance in the systems\nunder consideration is that it occurs in the absence of an external regular\nperiodic force. It takes place due to the presence of frequencies in the noise\nspectrum, which are close to the self-frequency of the system. We analyze also\nthe variance of the process and compare its behavior for regions of asymptotic\nstationarity and non-stationarity, as well as for diffusive and\nnoise-induced-resonance borderlines between them.",
        "positive": "Brownian Carnot engine: The Carnot cycle imposes a fundamental upper limit to the efficiency of a\nmacroscopic motor operating between two thermal baths. However, this bound\nneeds to be reinterpreted at microscopic scales, where molecular bio-motors and\nsome artificial micro-engines operate. As described by stochastic\nthermodynamics, energy transfers in microscopic systems are random and thermal\nfluctuations induce transient decreases of entropy, allowing for possible\nviolations of the Carnot limit. Despite its potential relevance for the\ndevelopment of a thermodynamics of small systems, an experimental study of\nmicroscopic Carnot engines is still lacking. Here we report on an experimental\nrealization of a Carnot engine with a single optically trapped Brownian\nparticle as working substance. We present an exhaustive study of the energetics\nof the engine and analyze the fluctuations of the finite-time efficiency,\nshowing that the Carnot bound can be surpassed for a small number of\nnon-equilibrium cycles. As its macroscopic counterpart, the energetics of our\nCarnot device exhibits basic properties that one would expect to observe in any\nmicroscopic energy transducer operating with baths at different temperatures.\nOur results characterize the sources of irreversibility in the engine and the\nstatistical properties of the efficiency -an insight that could inspire novel\nstrategies in the design of efficient nano-motors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collision of One-Dimensional Nonlinear Chains: We investigate one-dimensional collisions of unharmonic chains and a rigid\nwall. We find that the coefficient of restitution (COR) is strongly dependent\non the velocity of colliding chains and has a minimum value at a certain\nvelocity. The relationship between COR and collision velocity is derived for\nlow-velocity collisions using perturbation methods. We found that the velocity\ndependence is characterized by the exponent of the lowest unharmonic term of\ninterparticle potential energy.",
        "positive": "Amino acid classes and the protein folding problem: We present and implement a distance-based clustering of amino acids within\nthe framework of a statistically derived interaction matrix and show that the\nresulting groups faithfully reproduce, for well-designed sequences,\nthermodynamic stability in and kinetic accessibility to the native state. A\nsimple interpretation of the groups is obtained by eigenanalysis of the\ninteraction matrix."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Infinite invariant density in a semi-Markov process with continuous\n  state variables: We report on a fundamental role of a non-normalized formal steady state,\ni.e., an infinite invariant density, in a semi-Markov process where the state\nis determined by the inter-event time of successive renewals. The state\ndescribes certain observables found in models of anomalous diffusion, e.g., the\nvelocity in the generalized L\\'evy walk model and the energy of a particle in\nthe trap model. In our model, the inter-event-time distribution follows a\nfat-tailed distribution, which makes the state value more likely to be zero\nbecause long inter-event times imply small state values. We find two scaling\nlaws describing the density for the state value, which accumulates in the\nvicinity of zero in the long-time limit. These laws provide universal behaviors\nin the accumulation process and give the exact expression of the infinite\ninvariant density. Moreover, we provide two distributional limit theorems for\ntime-averaged observables in these non-stationary processes. We show that the\ninfinite invariant density plays an important role in determining the\ndistribution of time averages.",
        "positive": "Can one identify non-equilibrium in a three-state system by analyzing\n  two-state trajectories?: For a three-state Markov system in a stationary state, we discuss whether, on\nthe basis of data obtained from effective two-state (or on-off) trajectories,\nit is possible to discriminate between an equilibrium state and a\nnon-equilibrium steady state. By calculating the full phase diagram we identify\na large region where such data will be consistent only with non-equilibrium\nconditions. This regime is considerably larger than the region with oscillatory\nrelaxation, which has previously been identified as a sufficient criterion for\nnon-equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground State Phase Diagram of Frustrated S=1 XXZ chains : Chiral Ordered\n  Phases: The ground-state phase diagram of frustrated S=1 XXZ spin chains with the\ncompeting nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic couplings is\nstudied using the infinite-system density-matrix renormalization-group method.\nWe find six different phases, namely, the Haldane, gapped chiral, gapless\nchiral, double Haldane, N\\'{e}el, and double N\\'{e}el (uudd) phases. The gapped\nand gapless chiral phases are characterized by the spontaneous breaking of\nparity, in which the long-range order parameter is a chirality, \\kappa_l =\nS_l^xS_{l+1}^y-S_l^yS_{l+1}^x, whereas the spin correlation decays either\nexponentially or algebraically. These chiral ordered phases appear in a broad\nregion in the phase diagram for \\Delta < 0.95, where \\Delta is an\nexchange-anisotropy parameter. The critical properties of phase transitions are\nalso studied.",
        "positive": "Vibrational entropy of crystalline solids from covariance of atomic\n  displacements: The vibrational entropy of a solid at finite temperature is investigated from\nthe perspective of information theory. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD)\nsimulations generate ensembles of atomic configurations at finite temperature\nfrom which we obtain the $N$-body distribution of atomic displacements,\n$\\rho_N$. We calculate the information-theoretic entropy from the expectation\nvalue of $\\ln{\\rho_N}$. At a first level of approximation, treating individual\natomic displacements independently, our method may be applied using\nDebye-Waller B-factors, allowing diffraction experiments to obtain an upper\nbound on the thermodynamic entropy. At the next level of approximation we\ncorrect the overestimation through inclusion of displacement covariances. We\napply this approach to elemental body-centered cubic sodium and face-centered\ncubic aluminum, showing good agreement with experimental values above the Debye\ntemperatures of the metals. Below the Debye temperatures we extract an\neffective vibrational density of states from eigenvalues of the covariance\nmatrix, and then evaluate the entropy quantum mechanically, again yielding good\nagreement with experiment down to low temperatures. Our method readily\ngeneralizes to complex solids, as we demonstrate for a high entropy alloy.\nFurther, our method applies in cases where the quasiharmonic approximation\nfails, as we demonstrate by calculating the HCP/BCC transition in Ti."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic costs of Turing Machines: Turing Machines (TMs) are the canonical model of computation in computer\nscience and physics. We combine techniques from algorithmic information theory\nand stochastic thermodynamics to analyze the thermodynamic costs of TMs. We\nconsider two different ways of realizing a given TM with a physical process.\nThe first realization is designed to be thermodynamically reversible when fed\nwith random input bits. The second realization is designed to generate less\nheat, up to an additive constant, than any realization that is computable\n(i.e., consistent with the physical Church-Turing thesis). We consider three\ndifferent thermodynamic costs: the heat generated when the TM is run on each\ninput (which we refer to as the \"heat function\"), the minimum heat generated\nwhen a TM is run with an input that results in some desired output (which we\nrefer to as the \"thermodynamic complexity\" of the output, in analogy to the\nKolmogorov complexity), and the expected heat on the input distribution that\nminimizes entropy production. For universal TMs, we show for both realizations\nthat the thermodynamic complexity of any desired output is bounded by a\nconstant (unlike the conventional Kolmogorov complexity), while the expected\namount of generated heat is infinite. We also show that any computable\nrealization faces a fundamental tradeoff between heat generation, the\nKolmogorov complexity of its heat function, and the Kolmogorov complexity of\nits input-output map. We demonstrate this tradeoff by analyzing the\nthermodynamics of erasing a long string.",
        "positive": "Domain wall melting across a defect: We study the melting of a domain wall in a free-fermionic chain with a\nlocalised impurity. We find that the defect enhances quantum correlations in\nsuch a way that even the smallest scatterer leads to a linear growth of the\nentanglement entropy contrasting the logarithmic behaviour in the clean system.\nExploiting the hydrodynamic approach and the quasiparticle picture, we provide\nexact predictions for the evolution of the entanglement entropy for arbitrary\nbipartitions. In particular, the steady production of pairs at the defect gives\nrise to non-local correlations among distant points. We also characterise the\nsubleading logarithmic corrections, highlighting some universal features."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Casimir-like forces in cooperative exclusion processes: I show that cooperative exclusion processes with selective kinetic\nconstraints exhibit fluctuation-induced forces that can be attractive or\nrepulsive, depending on the density of boundary reservoirs, when their\ndensity-dependent diffusion coefficient exhibits a minimum. A mean-field\nanalysis based on a nonlinear diffusion equation provides an estimation of the\nmagnitude and sign of such a tunable Casimir-like force and suggests its\noccurrence in interacting particle systems with a diffusivity anomaly.",
        "positive": "Critical points in the $RP^{N-1}$ model: The space of solutions of the exact renormalization group fixed point\nequations of the two-dimensional $RP^{N-1}$ model, which we recently obtained\nwithin the scale invariant scattering framework, is explored for continuous\nvalues of $N\\geq 0$. Quasi-long-range order occurs only for $N=2$, and allows\nfor several lines of fixed points meeting at the BKT transition point. A rich\npattern of fixed points is present below $N^*=2.24421..$, while only zero\ntemperature criticality in the $O(N(N+1)/2-1)$ universality class can occur\nabove this value. The interpretation of an extra solution at $N=3$ requires the\nidentitication of a path to criticality specific to this value of $N$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boosting search by rare events: Randomized search algorithms for hard combinatorial problems exhibit a large\nvariability of performances. We study the different types of rare events which\noccur in such out-of-equilibrium stochastic processes and we show how they\ncooperate in determining the final distribution of running times. As a\nbyproduct of our analysis we show how search algorithms are optimized by random\nrestarts.",
        "positive": "Effective two-dimensional model for granular matter with phase\n  separation: Granular systems confined in vertically vibrated shallow horizontal boxes\n(quasi two-dimensional geometry) present a liquid to solid phase transition\nwhen the frequency of the periodic forcing is increased. An effective model,\nwhere grains move and collide in two-dimensions is presented, which reproduces\nthe aforementioned phase transition. The key element is that besides the\ntwo-dimensional degrees of freedom, each grain has an additional variable\n$\\epsilon$ that accounts for the kinetic energy stored in the vertical motion\nin the real quasi two-dimensional motion. This energy grows monotonically\nduring free flight, mimicking the energy gain by collisions with the vibrating\nwalls and, at collisions, this energy is instantaneously transferred to the\nhorizontal degrees of freedom. As a result, the average values of $\\epsilon$\nand the kinetic temperature are decreasing functions of the local density,\ngiving rise to an effective pressure that can present van der Waals loops. A\nkinetic theory approach predicts the conditions that must satisfy the energy\ngrow function to obtain the phase separation, which are verified with molecular\ndynamics simulations. Notably, the effective equation of state and the critical\npoints computed considering the velocity--time-of-flight correlations differ\nonly slightly from those obtained by simple kinetic theory calculations that\nneglect those correlations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluid-fluid phase separation in hard spheres with a bimodal size\n  distribution: The effect of polydispersity on the phase behaviour of hard spheres is\nexamined using a moment projection method. It is found that the\nBoublik-Mansoori-Carnahan-Starling-Leland equation of state shows a spinodal\ninstability for a bimodal distribution if the large spheres are sufficiently\npolydisperse, and if there is sufficient disparity in mean size between the\nsmall and large spheres. The spinodal instability direction points to the\nappearance of a very dense phase of large spheres.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic bounds on time-reversal asymmetry: Quantifying irreversibility of a system using finite information constitutes\na major challenge in stochastic thermodynamics. We introduce an observable that\nmeasures the time-reversal asymmetry between two states after a given time lag.\nOur central result is a bound on the time-reversal asymmetry in terms of the\ntotal cycle affinity driving the system out of equilibrium. This result leads\nto further thermodynamic bounds on the asymmetry of directed fluxes; on the\nasymmetry of finite-time cross-correlations; and on the cycle affinity of\ncoarse-grained dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Truncated L\u00e9vy Walks and Superdiffusion in Boltzmann-Gibbs\n  Equilibrium of the Hamiltonian Mean-Field Model: The Hamiltonian Mean-Field (HMF) model belongs to a broad class of\nstatistical physics models with non-additive Hamiltonians that reveal many\nnon-trivial properties, such as non-equivalence of statistical ensembles,\nergodicity breaking, and negative specific heat. With this paper, we add to\nthis set another intriguing feature, which is that of super-diffusive\nequilibrium dynamics. Using molecular dynamics techniques, we compare the\ndiffusive properties of the HMF model in the quasi-stationary metastable state\n(QSS) and in the Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) regime. In contrast to the current state\nof knowledge, we show that L\\'evy walks underlying super-diffusion in QSS do\nnot disappear when the system settles in the thermodynamic equilibrium. We\ndemonstrate that it is extremely difficult to distinguish QSS from the BG\nregime, by only examining the statistics of L\\'evy walks in HMF particle\ntrajectories. We construct a simple stochastic model based on the truncated\nL\\'{e}vy walks with rests that quantitatively resembles diffusion behavior\nobserved in both stages of the HMF dynamics.",
        "positive": "Computing the diffusivity of a particle subject to dry friction with\n  colored noise: This paper considers the motion of an object subjected to dry friction and an\nexternal random force. The objective is to characterize the role of the\ncorrelation time of the external random force. We develop efficient stochastic\nsimulation methods for computing the diffusivity (the linear growth rate of the\nvariance of the displacement) and other related quantities of interest when the\nexternal random force is white or colored. These methods are based on original\nrepresentation formulas for the quantities of interest which make it possible\nto build unbiased and consistent estimators. The numerical results obtained\nwith these original methods are in perfect agreement with known closed-form\nformulas valid in the white noise regime. In the colored noise regime the\nnumerical results show that the predictions obtained from the white-noise\napproximation are reasonable for quantities such as the histograms of the\nstationary velocity but can be wrong for the diffusivity unless the correlation\ntime is extremely small."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Persistent Thermal Inhomogeneities in a Gas-Cluster Mixture: Surface tension of small grains and droplets makes them stable only at a much\nlower temperature than in bulk. This makes spontaneous nucleation unfavorable\nin many cases. Kinetic approaches are delicate in that one can easily generate\nmodels that do not agree with thermodynamics in the large N limit. Here it is\nshown that thermodynamics itself dictates a kind of temperature suppression\ninside each small cluster in any gas-cluster mixture. This gives a different\nperspective on the \"translation-rotation\" paradox in that this gives a time\naveraged steady state thermal inhomogeneity rather than just temporal\nfluctuations in the energy. This not only reduces the barrier to nucleation but\nalso suggests a change in the thermal radiation spectrum from such a mixture\nthat is not just a result of the inhibited radiation spectrum from Mie\nradiators. Either verification or refutation of this effect will be shown have\nimportant consequences for thermodynamics. An understanding of this effect will\nbe essential to kinetic approaches to nucleation theory.",
        "positive": "Likelihood-based non-Markovian models from molecular dynamics: We introduce a new method to accurately and efficiently estimate the\neffective dynamics of collective variables in molecular simulations. Such\nreduced dynamics play an essential role in the study of a broad class of\nprocesses, ranging from chemical reactions in solution to conformational\nchanges in biomolecules or phase transitions in condensed matter systems. The\nstandard Markovian approximation often breaks down due to the lack of a proper\nseparation of time scales and memory effects must be taken into account. Using\na parametrization based on hidden auxiliary variables, we obtain a generalized\nLangevin equation by maximizing the statistical likelihood of the observed\ntrajectories. Both the memory kernel and random noise are correctly recovered\nby this procedure. This data-driven approach provides a reduced dynamical model\nfor multidimensional collective variables, enabling the accurate sampling of\ntheir long-time dynamical properties at a computational cost drastically\nreduced with respect to all-atom numerical simulations. The present strategy,\nbased on the reproduction of the dynamics of trajectories rather than the\nmemory kernel or the velocity-autocorrelation function, conveniently provides\nother observables beyond these two, including e.g. stationary currents in\nnon-equilibrium situations, or the distribution of first passage times between\nmetastable states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Growth mechanisms of vapor-born polymer films: The surface morphologies of poly(chloro-p-xylylene) films were measured using\natomic force microscopy and analyzed within the frame work of the dynamic\nscaling theory. The evolution of polymer films grown with fixed experimental\nparameters showed drastic changes of dynamic roughening behavior, which involve\nunusually high growth exponent (beta = 0.65+-0.03) in the initial growth\nregime, followed by a regime characterized by beta~0, and finally a crossover\nto beta = 0.18+-0.02 in a steady growth regime. Detailed scaling analysis of\nthe surface fluctuation in Fourier space in terms of power spectral density\nrevealed a gradual crossover in the global roughness exponent, analogous to a\nphase transition between two equilibrium states, from a morphology defined by\nalpha=1.36+-0.13 to the other morphology characterized by alpha=0.93+-0.04 as\nthe film thickness increases. Our experimental results which significant\ndeviate from the well established descriptions of film growth clearly exhibit\nthat the dynamic roughening of polymer film is deeply affected by strong\nmolecular interactions and relaxations of polymer chains.",
        "positive": "Universal Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation in Non-Equilibrium Dynamics: We derive a universal thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) that applies\nto an arbitrary observable in a general Markovian system. The generality of our\nresult allows us to make two findings: (1) for an arbitrary out-of-equilibrium\nsystem, both the entropy production and the \\textit{degree of non-stationarity}\nare required to tightly bound the strength of a thermodynamic current; (2) by\nremoving the antisymmetric constraint on observables, the TUR in physics and a\nfundamental inequality in theoretical finance can be unified in a single\nframework."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glass Transition Temperature and Fractal Dimension of Protein Free\n  Energy Landscapes: The free-energy landscape of two peptides is evaluated at various\ntemperatures and an estimate for its fractal dimension at these temperatures\ncalculated. We show that monitoring this quantity as a function of temperature\nallows to determine the glass transition temperature.",
        "positive": "Re-entrant Disordered Phase in a System of Repulsive Rods on a\n  Bethe-like Lattice: We solve exactly a model of monodispersed rigid rods of length $k$ with\nrepulsive interactions on the random locally tree like layered lattice. For\n$k\\geq 4$ we show that with increasing density, the system undergoes two phase\ntransitions: first from a low density disordered phase to an intermediate\ndensity nematic phase and second from the nematic phase to a high density\nre-entrant disordered phase. When the coordination number is $4$, both the\nphase transitions are continuous and in the mean field Ising universality\nclass. For even coordination number larger than $4$, the first transition is\ndiscontinuous while the nature of the second transition depends on the rod\nlength $k$ and the interaction parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Moment Formalisms applied to a solvable Model with a Quantum Phase\n  Transition. I. Exponential Moment Methods: We examine the Ising chain in a transverse field at zero temperature from the\npoint of view of a family of moment formalisms based upon the cumulant\ngenerating function, where we find exact solutions for the generating functions\nand cumulants at arbitrary couplings and hence for both the ordered and\ndisordered phases of the model. In a t-expansion analysis, the exact\nHorn-Weinstein function E(t) has cuts along an infinite set of curves in the\ncomplex Jt-plane which are confined to the left-hand half-plane Im Jt < -1/4\nfor the phase containing the trial state (disordered), but are not so for the\nother phase (ordered). For finite couplings the expansion has a finite radius\nof convergence. Asymptotic forms for this function exhibit a crossover at the\ncritical point, giving the excited state gap in the ground state sector for the\ndisordered phase, and the first excited state gap in the ordered phase.\nConvergence of the t-expansion with respect to truncation order is found in the\ndisordered phase right up to the critical point, for both the ground state\nenergy and the excited state gap. However convergence is found in only one of\nthe Connected Moments Expansions (CMX), the CMX-LT, and the ground state energy\nshows convergence right to the critical point again, although to a limited\naccuracy.",
        "positive": "On the Kert\u00e9sz line: Thermodynamic versus Geometric Criticality: The critical behaviour of the Ising model in the absence of an external\nmagnetic field can be specified either through spontaneous symmetry breaking\n(thermal criticality) or through cluster percolation (geometric criticality).\nWe extend this to finite external fields for the case of the Potts' model,\nshowing that a geometric analysis leads to the same first order/second order\nstructure as found in thermodynamic studies. We calculate the Kert\\'esz line,\nseparating percolating and non-percolating regimes, both analytically and\nnumerically for the Potts model in presence of an external magnetic field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Better synchronizability predicted by a new coupling method: In this paper, inspired by the idea that the hub nodes of a highly\nheterogeneous network are not only the bottlenecks, but also effective\ncontrollers in the network synchronizing process, we bring forward an\nasymmetrical coupling method where the coupling strength of each node depends\non its neighbors' degrees. Compared with the uniform coupled method and the\nrecently proposed Motter-Zhou-Kurth method, the synchronizability of scale-free\nnetworks can be remarkably enhanced by using the present coupled method.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Approach to Enantiomeric Excess Amplification and Chiral\n  Symmetry Breaking: Stochastic aspects of chemical reaction models related to the Soai reactions\nas well as to the homochirality in life are studied analytically and\nnumerically by the use of the master equation and random walk model. For\nsystems with a recycling process, a unique final probability distribution is\nobtained by means of detailed balance conditions. With a nonlinear\nautocatalysis the distribution has a double-peak structure, indicating the\nchiral symmetry breaking. This problem is further analyzed by examining\neigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the master equation. In the case without\nrecycling process, final probability distributions depend on the initial\nconditions. In the nonlinear autocatalytic case, time-evolution starting from a\ncomplete achiral state leads to a final distribution which differs from that\ndeduced from the nonzero recycling result. This is due to the absence of the\ndetailed balance, and a directed random walk model is shown to give the correct\nfinal profile. When the nonlinear autocatalysis is sufficiently strong and the\ninitial state is achiral, the final probability distribution has a double-peak\nstructure, related to the enantiomeric excess amplification. It is argued that\nwith autocatalyses and a very small but nonzero spontaneous production, a\nsingle mother scenario could be a main mechanism to produce the homochirality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Oscillating fidelity susceptibility near a quantum multicritical point: We study scaling behavior of the geometric tensor\n$\\chi_{\\alpha,\\beta}(\\lambda_1,\\lambda_2)$ and the fidelity susceptibility\n$(\\chi_{\\rm F})$ in the vicinity of a quantum multicritical point (MCP) using\nthe example of a transverse XY model. We show that the behavior of the\ngeometric tensor (and thus of $\\chi_{\\rm F}$) is drastically different from\nthat seen near a critical point. In particular, we find that is highly\nnon-monotonic function of $\\lambda$ along the generic direction\n$\\lambda_1\\sim\\lambda_2 = \\lambda$ when the system size $L$ is bounded between\nthe shorter and longer correlation lengths characterizing the MCP:\n$1/|\\lambda|^{\\nu_1}\\ll L\\ll 1/|\\lambda|^{\\nu_2}$, where $\\nu_1<\\nu_2$ are the\ntwo correlation length exponents characterizing the system. We find that the\nscaling of the maxima of the components of $\\chi_{\\alpha\\beta}$ is associated\nwith emergence of quasi-critical points at $\\lambda\\sim 1/L^{1/\\nu_1}$, related\nto the proximity to the critical line of finite momentum anisotropic\ntransition.\n  This scaling is different from that in the thermodynamic limit $L\\gg\n1/|\\lambda|^{\\nu_2}$, which is determined by the conventional critical\nexponents.\n  We use our results to calculate the defect density following a rapid quench\nstarting from the MCP and show that it exerts a step-like behavior for small\nquench amplitudes. Study of heat density and diagonal entropy density also show\nsignatures of quasi-critical points.",
        "positive": "Global optimization, the Gaussian ensemble, and universal ensemble\n  equivalence: Shortened abstract: Given a constrained minimization problem, under what\nconditions does there exist a related, unconstrained problem having the same\nminimum points? This basic question in global optimization motivates this\npaper, which answers it from the viewpoint of statistical mechanics. In this\ncontext, it reduces to the fundamental question of the equivalence and\nnonequivalence of ensembles, which is analyzed using the theory of large\ndeviations and the theory of convex functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of Gravity and Confinement on Phase Equilibria: A Density Matrix\n  Renormalization Approach: The phase diagram of the 2D Ising model confined between two infinite walls\nand subject to opposing surface fields and to a bulk \"gravitational\" field is\ncalculated by means of density matrix renormalization methods. In absence of\ngravity two phase coexistence is restricted to temperatures below the wetting\ntemperature. We find that gravity restores the two phase coexistence up to the\nbulk critical temperature, in agreement with previous mean-field predictions.\nWe calculate the exponents governing the finite size scaling in the temperature\nand in the gravitational field directions. The former is the exponent which\ndescribes the shift of the critical temperature in capillary condensation. The\nlatter agrees, for large surface fields, with a scaling assumption of Van\nLeeuwen and Sengers. Magnetization profiles in the two phase and in the single\nphase region are calculated. The profiles in the single phase region, where an\ninterface is present, agree well with magnetization profiles calculated from a\nsimple solid-on-solid interface hamiltonian.",
        "positive": "Survival Probability of Random Walks and L\u00e9vy Flights on a\n  Semi-Infinite Line: We consider a one-dimensional random walk (RW) with a continuous and\nsymmetric jump distribution, $f(\\eta)$, characterized by a L\\'evy index $\\mu\n\\in (0,2]$, which includes standard random walks ($\\mu=2$) and L\\'evy flights\n($0<\\mu<2$). We study the survival probability, $q(x_0,n)$, representing the\nprobability that the RW stays non-negative up to step $n$, starting initially\nat $x_0 \\geq 0$. Our main focus is on the $x_0$-dependence of $q(x_0,n)$ for\nlarge $n$. We show that $q(x_0,n)$ displays two distinct regimes as $x_0$\nvaries: (i) for $x_0= O(1)$ (\"quantum regime\"), the discreteness of the jump\nprocess significantly alters the standard scaling behavior of $q(x_0,n)$ and\n(ii) for $x_0 = O(n^{1/\\mu})$ (\"classical regime\") the discrete-time nature of\nthe process is irrelevant and one recovers the standard scaling behavior (for\n$\\mu =2$ this corresponds to the standard Brownian scaling limit). The purpose\nof this paper is to study how precisely the crossover in $q(x_0,n)$ occurs\nbetween the quantum and the classical regime as one increases $x_0$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A statistical-mechanical view on source coding: physical compression and\n  data compression: We draw a certain analogy between the classical information-theoretic problem\nof lossy data compression (source coding) of memoryless information sources and\nthe statistical mechanical behavior of a certain model of a chain of connected\nparticles (e.g., a polymer) that is subjected to a contracting force. The free\nenergy difference pertaining to such a contraction turns out to be proportional\nto the rate-distortion function in the analogous data compression model, and\nthe contracting force is proportional to the derivative this function. Beyond\nthe fact that this analogy may be interesting on its own right, it may provide\na physical perspective on the behavior of optimum schemes for lossy data\ncompression (and perhaps also, an information-theoretic perspective on certain\nphysical system models). Moreover, it triggers the derivation of lossy\ncompression performance for systems with memory, using analysis tools and\ninsights from statistical mechanics.",
        "positive": "Heteropolymers in a Solvent at an Interface: Exact bounds are obtained for the quenched free energy of a polymer with\nrandom hydrophobicities in the presence of an interface separating a polar from\na non polar solvent. The polymer may be ideal or have steric self-interactions.\nThe bounds allow to prove that a ``neutral'' random polymer is localized near\nthe interface at any temperature, whereas a ``non-neutral'' chain is shown to\nundergo a delocalization transition at a finite temperature. These results are\nvalid for a quite general a priori probability distribution for both\nindependent and correlated hydrophobic charges. As a particular case we\nconsider random AB-copolymers and confirm recent numerical studies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical study of the random field Ising model at zero and positive\n  temperature: In this paper the three dimensional random field Ising model is studied at\nboth zero temperature and positive temperature. Critical exponents are\nextracted at zero temperature by finite size scaling analysis of large\ndiscontinuities in the bond energy. The heat capacity exponent $\\alpha$ is\nfound to be near zero. The ground states are determined for a range of external\nfield and disorder strength near the zero temperature critical point and the\nscaling of ground state tilings of the field-disorder plane is discussed. At\npositive temperature the specific heat and the susceptibility are obtained\nusing the Wang-Landau algorithm. It is found that sharp peaks are present in\nthese physical quantities for some realizations of systems sized $16^3$ and\nlarger. These sharp peaks result from flipping large domains and correspond to\nlarge discontinuities in ground state bond energies. Finally, zero temperature\nand positive temperature spin configurations near the critical line are found\nto be highly correlated suggesting a strong version of the zero temperature\nfixed point hypothesis.",
        "positive": "Pressure-Induced Magnetic Quantum Phase Transitions from Gapped Ground\n  State in TlCuCl3: Magnetization maesurements under hydrostatic pressure were performed on an\nS=1/2 coupled spin system TlCuCl3 with a gapped ground state under magnetic\nfield H parallel to the [2,0,1] direction. With increasing applied pressure P,\nthe gap decreases and closes completely at Pc=0.42 kbar. For P>Pc, TlCuCl3\nundergoes antiferromagnetic ordering. A spin-flop transition was observed at\nHsf=0.7T. The spin-flop field is approximately independent of pressure,\nalthough the sublattice magnetization increases with pressure. The gap and Neel\ntemperature are presented as function is attributed to to the relative\nenhancement of the interdimer exchange interactions compared with the\nintradimer exchange interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Trajectory control using an information engine: We have built an information engine that can transport a bead in a desired\ndirection by using favorable fluctuations from the thermal bath. However, in\nits original formulation, the information engine generates a fluctuating\nvelocity and cannot control the position of the bead. Here, we introduce a\nfeedback algorithm that can control the bead's position, to follow a desired\ntrajectory. The bead can track the path if the maximum desired velocity is\nbelow the engine's maximum average velocity. Measuring the range of frequency\nthat the feedback algorithm can track, we find a bandwidth that is slightly\nlower than the corner frequency of the bead in the trap.",
        "positive": "Replica Density Functional Study of One-Dimensional Hard Core Fluids in\n  Porous Media: A binary quenched-annealed hard core mixture is considered in one dimension\nin order to model fluid adsorbates in narrow channels filled with a random\nmatrix. Two different density functional approaches are employed to calculate\nadsorbate bulk properties and interface structure at matrix surfaces. The first\napproach uses Percus' functional for the annealed component and an explicit\naveraging over matrix configurations; this provides numerically exact results\nfor the bulk partition coefficient and for inhomogeneous density profiles. The\nsecond approach is based on a quenched-annealed density functional whose\nresults we find to approximate very well those of the former over the full\nrange of possible densities. Furthermore we give a derivation of the underlying\nreplica density functional theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective Mass Path Integral Simulations of Quasiparticles in Condensed\n  Phases: The quantum many-body problem in condensed phases is often simplified using a\nquasiparticle description, such as effective mass theory for electron motion in\na periodic solid. These approaches are often the basis for understanding many\nfundamental condensed phase processes, including the molecular mechanisms\nunderlying solar energy harvesting and photocatalysis. Despite the importance\nof these effective particles, there is still a need for computational methods\nthat can explore their behavior on chemically relevant length and time scales.\nThis is especially true when the interactions between the particles and their\nenvironment are important. We introduce an approach for studying quasiparticles\nin condensed phases by combining effective mass theory with the path integral\ntreatment of quantum particles. This framework incorporates the generally\nanisotropic electronic band structure of materials into path integral\nsimulation schemes to enable modeling of quasiparticles in quantum confinement,\nfor example. We demonstrate the utility of effective mass path integral\nsimulations by modeling an exciton in solid potassium chloride and electron\ntrapping by a sulfur vacancy in monolayer molybdenum disulfide.",
        "positive": "Generalized thermostatistics and mean-field theory: The present paper studies a large class of temperature dependent probability\ndistributions and shows that entropy and energy can be defined in such a way\nthat these probability distributions are the equilibrium states of a\ngeneralized thermostatistics. This generalized thermostatistics is obtained\nfrom the standard formalism by deformation of exponential and logarithmic\nfunctions. Since this procedure is non-unique, specific choices are motivated\nby showing that the resulting theory is well-behaved. In particular, the\nequilibrium state of any system with a finite number of degrees of freedom is,\nautomatically, thermodynamically stable and satisfies the variational\nprinciple. The equilibrium probability distribution of open systems deviates\ngenerically from the Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution. If the interaction with the\nenvironment is not too strong then one can expect that a slight deformation of\nthe exponential function, appearing in the Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution, can\nreproduce the observed temperature dependence. An example of a system, where\nthis statement holds, is a single spin of the Ising chain. The connection\nbetween the present formalism and Tsallis' thermostatistics is discussed. In\nparticular, the present generalization sheds some light onto the historical\ndevelopment of the latter formalism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Origin of the inverse energy cascade in two-dimensional quantum\n  turbulence: We establish a statistical relationship between the inverse energy cascade\nand the spatial correlations of clustered vortices in two-dimensional quantum\nturbulence. The Kolmogorov spectrum $k^{-5/3}$ on inertial scales $r$\ncorresponds to a pair correlation function between the vortices with different\nsigns that decays as a power law with the pair distance given as $r^{-4/3}$. To\ntest these scaling relations, we propose a novel forced and dissipative point\nvortex model that captures the turbulent dynamics of quantized vortices by the\nemergent clustering of same-sign vortices. The inverse energy cascade\ndeveloping in a statistically neutral system originates from this vortex\nclustering that evolves with time.",
        "positive": "Tensor Network Based Finite-Size Scaling for Two-Dimensional Classical\n  Models: We propose a scheme to perform tensor network based finite-size scaling\nanalysis for two-dimensional classical models. In the tensor network\nrepresentation of the partition function, we use higher-order tensor\nrenormalization group (HOTRG) method to coarse grain the weight tensor. The\nrenormalized tensor is then used to construct the approximated transfer matrix\nof an infinite strip of finite width. By diagonalizing the transfer matrix we\nobtain the correlation length, the magnetization, and the energy density which\nare used in finite-size scaling analysis to determine the critical temperature\nand the critical exponents. As a benchmark we study the two-dimensional\nclassical Ising model. We show that the critical temperature and the critical\nexponents can be accurately determined. With HOTRG bond dimension $D=70$, the\nabsolute errors of the critical temperature $T_c$ and the critical exponent\n$\\nu$, $\\beta$ are at the order of $10^{-7}, 10^{-5}$, $10^{-4}$ respectively.\nFurthermore, the results can be systematically improved by increasing the bond\ndimension of the HOTRG method. Finally, we study the length scale induced by\nthe finite cut-off in bond dimension and elucidate its physical meaning in this\ncontext."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum thermalization and equilibrium state with multiple temperatures: A large class of isolated quantum system in a pure state can equilibrate and\nserve as a heat bath. We show that once the equilibrium is reached, any of its\nsubsystems that is much smaller than the isolated system is thermalized such\nthat the subsystem is governed by the Gibbs distribution. Within this\ntheoretical framework, the celebrated superposition principle of quantum\nmechanics leads to a prediction of a thermalized subsystem with multiple\ntemperatures when the isolated system is in a superposition state of energy\neigenstates of multiple distinct energy scales. This multiple-temperature state\nis at equilibrium, completely different from a non-equilibrium state that has\nmultiple temperatures at different parts. Feasible experimental schemes to\nverify this prediction are discussed.",
        "positive": "Quantifying Rare Events in Stochastic Reaction-Diffusion Dynamics Using\n  Tensor Networks: The interplay between stochastic chemical reactions and diffusion can\ngenerate rich spatiotemporal patterns. While the timescale for individual\nreaction or diffusion events may be very fast, the timescales for organization\ncan be much longer. That separation of timescales makes it particularly\nchallenging to anticipate how the rapid microscopic dynamics gives rise to\nmacroscopic rates in the non-equilibrium dynamics of many reacting and\ndiffusing chemical species. Within the regime of stochastic fluctuations, the\nstandard approach is to employ Monte Carlo sampling to simulate realizations of\nrandom trajectories. Here, we present an alternative numerically tractable\napproach to extract macroscopic rates from the full ensemble evolution of\nmany-body reaction diffusion problems. The approach leverages the Doi-Peliti\nsecond-quantized representation of reaction-diffusion master equations along\nwith compression and evolution algorithms from tensor networks. By focusing on\na Schl\\\"{o}gl model with one-dimensional diffusion between $L$ otherwise\nwell-mixed sites, we illustrate the potential of the tensor network approach to\ncompute rates from many-body systems, here with approximately $3 \\times\n10^{15}$ microstates. Specifically, we compute the rate for switching between\nmetastable macrostates, with the expense for computing those rates growing\nsubexponentially in $L$. Because we directly work with ensemble evolutions, we\ncrucially bypass many of the difficulties encountered by rare event sampling\ntechniques$\\unicode{x2013}$detailed balance and reaction coordinates are not\nneeded."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extreme-value statistics and super-universality in critical percolation?: Recently, the number of non-standard percolation models has proliferated. In\nall these models, there exists a phase transition at which long range\nconnectivity is established, if local connectedness increases through a\nthreshold $p_c$. In ordinary (site or bond) percolation on regular lattices,\nthis is a well understood second-order phase transition with rather precisely\nknown critical exponents, but there are non-standard models where the\ntransitions are in different universality classes (i.e. with different\nexponents and scaling functions), or even are discontinuous or hybrid. It was\nrecently claimed that certain scaling functions are in all such models given by\nextreme-value theory and thus independent of the precise universality class.\nThis would lead to super-universality (even encompassing first-order\ntransitions!) and would be a major break-through in the theory of phase\ntransitions. We show that this claim is wrong.",
        "positive": "Numbers of n-th neighbors and node-to-node distances in growing networks: Topology of exponential and scale-free trees and simple graphs is\ninvestigated numerically. The numbers of the nearest neighbors, the\nnext-nearest neighbors, the next-next-nearest neighbors, the 4-th and the 5-th\nneighbors are calculated. The functional dependence of the node-to-node\ndistance d_{ij} on the product of connectivities k_ik_j has been also checked.\nThe results of simulations for exponential networks agree with the existing\nanalytical predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Machta-Zwanzig regime of anomalous diffusion in infinite-horizon\n  billiards: We study diffusion on a periodic billiard table with infinite horizon in the\nlimit of narrow corridors. An effective trapping mechanism emerges according to\nwhich the process can be modeled by a L\\'evy walk combining\nexponentially-distributed trapping times with free propagation along paths\nwhose precise probabilities we compute. This description yields an\napproximation of the mean squared displacement of infinite-horizon billiards in\nterms of two transport coefficients which generalizes to this anomalous regime\nthe Machta-Zwanzig approximation of normal diffusion in finite-horizon\nbilliards [Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1959 (1983)].",
        "positive": "Relations Between Work and Entropy Production for General\n  Information-Driven, Finite-State Engines: We consider a system model of a general finite-state machine (ratchet) that\nsimultaneously interacts with three kinds of reservoirs: a heat reservoir, a\nwork reservoir, and an information reservoir, the latter being taken to be a\nrunning digital tape whose symbols interact sequentially with the machine. As\nhas been shown in earlier work, this finite-state machine can act as a demon\n(with memory), which creates a net flow of energy from the heat reservoir into\nthe work reservoir (thus extracting useful work) at the price of increasing the\nentropy of the information reservoir. Under very few assumptions, we propose a\nsimple derivation of a family of inequalities that relate the work extraction\nwith the entropy production. These inequalities can be seen as either upper\nbounds on the extractable work or as lower bounds on the entropy production,\ndepending on the point of view. Many of these bounds are relatively easy to\ncalculate and they are tight in the sense that equality can be approached\narbitrarily closely. In their basic forms, these inequalities are applicable to\nany finite number of cycles (and not only asymptotically), and for a general\ninput information sequence (possibly correlated), which is not necessarily\nassumed even stationary. Several known results are obtained as special cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Signatures of irreversibility in microscopic models of flocking: Flocking in $d=2$ is a genuine non-equilibrium phenomenon for which\nirreversibility is an essential ingredient. We study a class of minimal\nflocking models whose only source of irreversibility is self-propulsion and use\nthe entropy production rate (EPR) to quantify the departure from equilibrium\nacross their phase diagrams. The EPR is maximal in the vicinity of the\norder-disorder transition, where reshuffling of the interaction network is\nfast. We show that signatures of irreversibility come in the form of\nasymmetries in the steady state distribution of the flock's microstates. They\noccur as consequences of the time reversal symmetry breaking in the considered\nself-propelled systems, independently of the interaction details. In the case\nof metric pairwise forces, they reduce to local asymmetries in the distribution\nof pairs of particles. This study suggests a possible use of pair asymmetries\nboth to quantify the departure from equilibrium and to learn relevant\ninformation about aligning interaction potentials from data.",
        "positive": "Segregation Mechanisms in a Model of an Experimental Binary Granular\n  Mixture: A simple phenomenological model of a binary granular mixture is developed and\ninvestigated numerically. We attempt to model the experimental system of [1,2]\nwhere a horizontally vibrated binary monolayer was found to exhibit a\ntransition from a mixed to a segregated state as the filling fraction of the\nmixture was increased. This model is found to reproduce much of the\nexperimentally observed behaviour, most importantly the transition from the\nmixed to the segregated state. We use the model to investigate granular\nsegregation mechanisms and explain the experimentally observed behaviour."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A model for anomalous directed percolation: We introduce a model for the spreading of epidemics by long-range infections\nand investigate the critical behaviour at the spreading transition. The model\ngeneralizes directed bond percolation and is characterized by a probability\ndistribution for long-range infections which decays in $d$ spatial dimensions\nas $1/r^{d+\\sigma}$. Extensive numerical simulations are performed in order to\ndetermine the density exponent $\\beta$ and the correlation length exponents\n$\\nu_{||}$ and $\\nu_\\perp$ for various values of $\\sigma$. We observe that\nthese exponents vary continuously with $\\sigma$, in agreement with recent\nfield-theoretic predictions. We also study a model for pairwise annihilation of\nparticles with algebraically distributed long-range interactions.",
        "positive": "Least square based method for obtaining one particle spectral functions\n  from temperature Green functions: A least square based fitting scheme is proposed to do analytic continuation\non one particle temperature Green function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Origin of the hub spectral dimension in scale-free networks: The return-to-origin probability and the first passage time distribution are\nessential quantities for understanding transport phenomena in diverse systems.\nThe behaviors of these quantities typically depend on the spectral dimension\n$d_s$. However, it was recently revealed that in scale-free networks these\nquantities show a crossover between two power-law regimes characterized by $\nd_s $ and the so-called hub spectral dimension $d_s^{\\textrm{(hub)}}$ due to\nthe heterogeneity of connectivities of each node. To understand the origin of\n$d_s^{\\textrm{(hub)}}$ from a theoretical perspective, we study a random walk\nproblem on hierarchical scale-free networks by using the renormalization group\n(RG) approach. Under the RG transformation, not only the system size but also\nthe degree of each node changes due to the scale-free nature of the degree\ndistribution. We show that the anomalous behavior of random walks involving the\nhub spectral dimension $d_s^{\\textrm{(hub)}}$ is induced by the conservation of\nthe power-law degree distribution under the RG transformation.",
        "positive": "Ageing without detailed balance in the bosonic contact and pair-contact\n  processes: exact results: Ageing in systems without detailed balance is studied in the exactly solvable\nbosonic contact process and the critical bosonic pair-contact process. The\ntwo-time correlation function and the two-time response function are explicitly\nfound. In the ageing regime, the dynamical scaling of these is analyzed and\nexact results for the ageing exponents and the scaling functions are derived.\nFor the critical bosonic pair-contact process the autocorrelation and\nautoresponse exponents agree but the ageing exponents $a$ and $b$ are shown to\nbe distinct."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic duality symmetry and uncertainty relation between\n  conjugate variables in superstatistics: Superstatistics generalizes Boltzmann statistics by assuming spatio-temporal\nfluctuations of the intensive variables. It has many applications in the\nanalysis of experimental and simulated data, but the mathematical foundation of\nsuperstatistical theory from the perspective of statistics is still lacking. In\nthe framework of large deviation theory, we show that the fluctuation of\nintensive variable origins from the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the\nsuperstatistical dataset, and the superstatistical distribution emerges\nnaturally in the infinitely large data limit. We demonstrate the conditional\nprobability distribution of the intensity variable also follows the Boltzmann\nstatistics and the conjugate variable of the intensive variable is the\nextensive variable, indicating a thermodynamic duality symmetry between\nconjugate variables in the superstatistical systems. A new thermodynamic\nrelation between the entropy functions of conjugate variables is obtained.\nMoreover, due to the heterogeneity of the superstatistical dataset, uncertainty\nrelations between the conjugate variables arise naturally. Our work provides a\nlarge deviation approach for studying the statistical thermodynamics of\nsuperstatistical systems and reveals the dual symmetry between conjugate\nvariables. This symmetry will be broken in the homogeneous situation.",
        "positive": "Asymmetric noise-induced large fluctuations in coupled systems: Networks of interacting, communicating subsystems are common in many fields,\nfrom ecology, biology, epidemiology to engineering and robotics. In the\npresence of noise and uncertainty, inter- actions between the individual\ncomponents can lead to unexpected complex system-wide behaviors. In this paper,\nwe consider a generic model of two weakly coupled dynamical systems, and show\nhow noise in one part of the system is transmitted through the coupling\ninterface. Working synergistically with the coupling, the noise on one system\ndrives a large fluctuation in the other, even when there is no noise in the\nsecond system. Moreover, the large fluctuation happens while the first system\nexhibits only small random oscillations. Uncertainty effects are quantified by\nshowing how characteristic time scales of noise induced switching scale as a\nfunction of the coupling between the two coupled parts of the experiment. In\naddition, our results show that the probability of switching in the noise-free\nsystem scales inversely as the square of reduced noise intensity amplitude,\nrendering the virtual probability of switching to be an extremely rare event.\nOur results showing the interplay between transmitted noise and coupling are\nalso confirmed through simulations, which agree quite well with analytic\ntheory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum quench and thermalization of one-dimensional Fermi gas via phase\n  space hydrodynamics: By exploring a phase space hydrodynamics description of one-dimensional free\nFermi gas, we discuss how systems settle down to steady states described by the\ngeneralized Gibbs ensembles through quantum quenches. We investigate time\nevolutions of the Fermions which are trapped in external potentials or a circle\nfor a variety of initial conditions and quench protocols. We analytically\ncompute local observables such as particle density and show that they always\nexhibit power law relaxation at late times. We find a simple rule which\ndetermines the power law exponent. Our findings are, in principle, observable\nin experiments in an one dimensional free Fermi gas or Tonk's gas (Bose gas\nwith infinite repulsion).",
        "positive": "On the reduced density matrix for a chain of free electrons: The properties of the reduced density matrix describing an interval of N\nsites in an infinite chain of free electrons are investigated. A commuting\noperator is found for arbitrary filling and also for open chains. For a half\nfilled periodic chain it is used to determine the eigenfunctions for the\ndominant eigenvalues analytically in the continuum limit. Relations to the\ncritical six-vertex model are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic uncertainty relation for first-passage times on Markov\n  chains: We derive a thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) for first-passage times\n(FPTs) on continuous time Markov chains. The TUR utilizes the entropy\nproduction coming from bidirectional transitions, and the net flux coming from\nunidirectional transitions, to provide a lower bound on FPT fluctuations. As\nevery bidirectional transition can also be seen as a pair of separate\nunidirectional ones, our approach typically yields an ensemble of TURs. The\ntightest bound on FPT fluctuations can then be obtained from this ensemble by a\nsimple and physically motivated optimization procedure. The results presented\nherein are valid for arbitrary initial conditions, out-of-equilibrium dynamics,\nand are therefore well suited to describe the inherently irreversible\nfirst-passage event. They can thus be readily applied to a myriad of\nfirst-passage problems that arise across a wide range of disciplines.",
        "positive": "Local Causal States and Discrete Coherent Structures: Coherent structures form spontaneously in nonlinear spatiotemporal systems\nand are found at all spatial scales in natural phenomena from laboratory\nhydrodynamic flows and chemical reactions to ocean, atmosphere, and planetary\nclimate dynamics. Phenomenologically, they appear as key components that\norganize the macroscopic behaviors in such systems. Despite a century of\neffort, they have eluded rigorous analysis and empirical prediction, with\nprogress being made only recently. As a step in this, we present a formal\ntheory of coherent structures in fully-discrete dynamical field theories. It\nbuilds on the notion of structure introduced by computational mechanics,\ngeneralizing it to a local spatiotemporal setting. The analysis' main tool\nemploys the \\localstates, which are used to uncover a system's hidden\nspatiotemporal symmetries and which identify coherent structures as\nspatially-localized deviations from those symmetries. The approach is\nbehavior-driven in the sense that it does not rely on directly analyzing\nspatiotemporal equations of motion, rather it considers only the spatiotemporal\nfields a system generates. As such, it offers an unsupervised approach to\ndiscover and describe coherent structures. We illustrate the approach by\nanalyzing coherent structures generated by elementary cellular automata,\ncomparing the results with an earlier, dynamic-invariant-set approach that\ndecomposes fields into domains, particles, and particle interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Diagrams of Three-Component Attractive Ultracold Fermions in\n  One-Dimension: We investigate trions, paired states and quantum phase transitions in\none-dimensional SU(3) attractive fermions in external fields by means of the\nBethe ansatz and the dressed energy formalism. Analytical results for the\nground state energy, critical fields and complete phase diagrams are presented\nfor weak and strong regimes. Numerical solutions of the dressed energy\nequations allow us to examine how the different phase boundaries modify by\nvarying the inter-component coupling throughout the whole attractive regimes.\nThe pure trionic phase reduces smoothly by decreasing this coupling until the\nweak limit is reached. In this weak regime, a pure BCS-paired phase can be\nsustained under certain nonlinear Zeeman splittings. Finally we confirm that\nthe analytic expressions for the physical quantities and resulting phase\ndiagrams are highly accurate in the weak and strong coupling regimes.",
        "positive": "Intermediate regimes in granular Brownian motion: Superdiffusion and\n  subdiffusion: Brownian motion in a granular gas in a homogeneous cooling state is studied\ntheoretically and by means of molecular dynamics. We use the simplest\nfirst-principle model for the impact-velocity dependent restitution\ncoefficient, as it follows for the model of viscoelastic spheres. We reveal\nthat for a wide range of initial conditions the ratio of granular temperatures\nof Brownian and bath particles demonstrates complicated non-monotonous\nbehavior, which results in transition between different regimes of Brownian\ndynamics: It starts from the ballistic motion, switches later to superballistic\none and turns at still later times into subdiffusion; eventually normal\ndiffusion is achieved. Our theory agrees very well with the MD results,\nalthough extreme computational costs prevented to detect the final diffusion\nregime. Qualitatively, the reported intermediate diffusion regimes are generic\nfor granular gases with any realistic dependence of the restitution coefficient\non the impact velocity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions in Number Theory: from the Birthday Problem to Sidon\n  Sets: In this work, we show how number theoretical problems can be fruitfully\napproached with the tools of statistical physics. We focus on g-Sidon sets,\nwhich describe sequences of integers whose pairwise sums are different, and\npropose a random decision problem which addresses the probability of a random\nset of k integers to be g-Sidon. First, we provide numerical evidence showing\nthat there is a crossover between satisfiable and unsatisfiable phases which\nconverts to an abrupt phase transition in a properly defined thermodynamic\nlimit. Initially assuming independence, we then develop a mean field theory for\nthe g-Sidon decision problem. We further improve the mean field theory, which\nis only qualitatively correct, by incorporating deviations from independence,\nyielding results in good quantitative agreement with the numerics for both\nfinite systems and in the thermodynamic limit. Connections between the\ngeneralized birthday problem in probability theory, the number theory of Sidon\nsets and the properties of q-Potts models in condensed matter physics are\nbriefly discussed.",
        "positive": "Complex Systems: a Physicist's Viewpoint: I present my viewpoint on complexity, stressing general arguments and using a\nrather simple language."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The velocity of dynamical chaos during propagation of the positive\n  Lyapunov exponents region under non-local conditions: The dynamics of the system is investigated when one part of the system\ninitially behaves in a regular manner and the other in a chaotic one. The\npropagation of the chaos is considered as the motion of a region with the\nmaximal Lyapunov exponent greater than zero. The time dependencies of the chaos\npropagation parameters were calculated for the classical and non-local models\nof non-stationary heat transfer. The system responses were considered to\ndisturbances in the form of the Dirac delta function and the Heaviside step\nfunction.",
        "positive": "Exploding Bose-Einstein condensates and collapsing neutron stars driven\n  by critical magnetic fields: The problem of a condensate of a relativistic neutral vector boson gas\nconstituted of particles bearing a magnetic moment is discussed. Such a vector\nboson system is expected to be formed either by parallel spin-pairing of\nneutrons in a sufficiently strong magnetic field, or by neutral atoms under\nspecific conditions of magnetic field strength and density. A strong\nself-magnetization arises due to a Bose-Einstein-like condensation. Then the\nsystem, which may resemble the superfluid said to exist in the core of neutron\nstars, becomes more unstable under transverse collapse than the ordinary\nfermion gas. In the nonrelativistic limit of laboratory conditions, an analogy\nwith the behavior of exploding Bose-Einstein condensates for critical values of\nmagnetic field strength and particle density; reported by several authors, is\nbriefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Valence bond ground states in quantum antiferromagnets and quadratic\n  algebras: The wave functions corresponding to the zero energy eigenvalue of a\none-dimensional quantum chain Hamiltonian can be written in a simple way using\nquadratic algebras. Hamiltonians describing stochastic processes have\nstationary states given by such wave functions and various quadratic algebras\nwere found and applied to several diffusions processes. We show that similar\nmethods can also be applied for equilibrium processes. As an example, for a\nclass of q-deformed O(N) symmetric antiferromagnetic quantum chains, we give\nthe zero energy wave functions for periodic boundary conditions corresponding\nto momenta zero and $\\pi$. We also consider free and various non-diagonal\nboundary conditions and give the corresponding wave functions. All correlation\nlengths are derived.",
        "positive": "Synergy as a warning sign of transitions: the case of the\n  two-dimensional Ising model: We consider the formalism of information decomposition of target effects from\nmulti-source interactions, i.e. the problem of defining redundant and\nsynergistic components of the information that a set of source variables\nprovides about a target, and apply it to the two-dimensional Ising model as a\nparadigm of a critically transitioning system. Intuitively, synergy is the\ninformation about the target variable that is uniquely obtained taking the\nsources together, but not considering them alone; redundancy is the information\nwhich is shared by the sources. To disentangle the components of the\ninformation both at the static level and at the dynamical one, the\ndecomposition is applied respectively to the mutual information and to the\ntransfer entropy between a given spin, the target, and a pair of neighbouring\nspins (taken as the drivers). We show that a key signature of an impending\nphase transition (approached from the disordered size) is the fact that the\nsynergy peaks in the disordered phase, both in the static and in the dynamic\ncase: the synergy can thus be considered a precursor of the transition. The\nredundancy, instead, reaches its maximum at the critical temperature. The peak\nof the synergy of the transfer entropy is far more pronounced than those of the\nstatic mutual information. We show that these results are robust w.r.t. the\ndetails of the information decomposition approach, as we find the same results\nusing two different methods; moreover, w.r.t. previous literature rooted on the\nnotion of Global Transfer Entropy, our results demonstrate that considering as\nfew as three variables is sufficient to construct a precursor of the\ntransition, and provide a paradigm for the investigation of a variety of\nsystems prone to crisis, like financial markets, social media, or epileptic\nseizures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bose-Einstein condensation of interacting gases: We study the occurrence of a Bose-Einstein transition in a dilute gas with\nrepulsive interactions, starting from temperatures above the transition\ntemperature. The formalism, based on the use of Ursell operators, allows us to\nevaluate the one-particle density operator with more flexibility than in\nmean-field theories, since it does not necessarily coincide with that of an\nideal gas with adjustable parameters (chemical potential, etc.). In a first\nstep, a simple approximation is used (Ursell-Dyson approximation), which allow\nus to recover results which are similar to those of the usual mean-field\ntheories. In a second step, a more precise treatment of the correlations and\nvelocity dependence of the populations in the system is elaborated. This\nintroduces new physical effects, such as a marked change of the velocity\nprofile just above the transition: low velocities are more populated than in an\nideal gas. A consequence of this distortion is an increase of the critical\ntemperature (at constant density) of the Bose gas, in agreement with those of\nrecent path integral Monte-Carlo calculations for hard spheres.",
        "positive": "The cosine law at the atomic scale: Toward realistic simulations of\n  Knudsen diffusion: We propose to revisit the diffusion of atoms in the Knudsen regime in terms\nof a complex dynamical reflection process. By means of molecular dynamics\nsimulation we emphasize the asymptotic nature of the cosine law of reflection\nat the atomic scale, and carefully analyze the resulting strong correlations in\nthe reflection events. A dynamical interpretation of the accomodation\ncoefficient associated to the slip at the wall interface is also proposed.\nFinally, we show that the first two moments of the stochastic process of\nreflection non uniformly depend on the incident angle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Practical guide to replica exchange transition interface sampling and\n  forward flux sampling: Path sampling approaches have become invaluable tools to explore the\nmechanisms and dynamics of so-called rare events that are characterized by\ntransitions between metastable states separated by sizeable free energy\nbarriers. Their practical application, in particular to ever more complex\nmolecular systems, is, however, not entirely trivial. Focusing on replica\nexchange transition interface sampling (RETIS) and forward flux sampling (FFS),\nwe discuss a range of analysis tools that can be used to assess the quality and\nconvergence of such simulations which is crucial to obtain reliable results.\nThe basic ideas of a step-wise evaluation are exemplified for the study of\nnucleation in several systems with different complexity, providing a general\nguide for the critical assessment of RETIS and FFS simulations.",
        "positive": "Kink dynamics in a one-dimensional growing surface: A high-symmetry crystal surface may undergo a kinetic instability during the\ngrowth, such that its late stage evolution resembles a phase separation\nprocess. This parallel is rigorous in one dimension, if the conserved surface\ncurrent is derivable from a free energy. We study the problem in presence of a\nphysically relevant term breaking the up-down symmetry of the surface and which\ncan not be derived from a free energy. Following the treatment introduced by\nKawasaki and Ohta [Physica 116A, 573 (1982)] for the symmetric case, we are\nable to translate the problem of the surface evolution into a problem of\nnonlinear dynamics of kinks (domain walls). Because of the break of symmetry,\ntwo different classes ($A$ and $B$) of kinks appear and their analytical form\nis derived. The effect of the adding term is to shrink a kink $A$ and to widen\nthe neighbouring kink $B$, in such a way that the product of their widths keeps\nconstant. Concerning the dynamics, this implies that kinks $A$ move much faster\nthan kinks $B$. Since the kink profiles approach exponentially the asymptotical\nvalues, the time dependence of the average distance $L(t)$ between kinks does\nnot change: $L(t)\\sim\\ln t$ in absence of noise, and $L(t)\\sim t^{1/3}$ in\npresence of (shot) noise. However, the cross-over time between the first and\nthe second regime may increase even of some orders of magnitude. Finally, our\nresults show that kinks $A$ may be so narrow that their width is comparable to\nthe lattice constant: in this case, they indeed represent a discontinuity of\nthe surface slope, that is an angular point, and a different approach to\ncoarsening should be used."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Making sense of nonequilibrium current fluctuations: A molecular motor\n  example: The nonequilibrium response and fluctuations of Markovian dynamics, both near\nand far from equilibrium, are best understood by varying the system parameters\nalong equivalence classes. In this note, I illustrate this approach for an\nanalytically solvable molecular motor toy model.",
        "positive": "Interacting Bose Gas in an Optical Lattice: A grand canonical system of hard-core bosons in an optical lattice is\nconsidered. The bosons can occupy randomly $N$ equivalent states at each\nlattice site. The limit $N\\to\\infty$ is solved exactly in terms of a\nsaddle-point integration, representing a weakly-interacting Bose gas. At T=0\nthere is only a condensate in the limit $N\\to\\infty$. Corrections in 1/N\nincrease the total density of bosons but suppress the condensate. This\nindicates a depletion of the condensate due to increasing interaction at finite\nvalues of N."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bond current in a mesoscopic ring -- signature of decoherence due to\n  classical and quantum noise: A three-site mesoscopic ring provides an ideal setting for an exact\ncalculation of the bond current when the ring is threaded by an Aharonov-Bohm\nflux. The bond current is a measurable outcome of the coherent properties of\nthe quantum phase. However the coherence is impeded by noise when the ring is\nput in contact with an environment. This coherence-to-incoherence transition is\nanalyzed in detail here for both classical (Gaussian and telegraphic) and\nquantum noise and a comparative assessment is made when the quantum noise is\ngoverned by a spin-boson Hamiltonian of dissipative quantum mechanics.",
        "positive": "Translational Invariance in Models for Low-Temperature Properties of\n  Glasses: We report on a refined version of our spin-glass type approach to the\nlow-temperature physics of structural glasses. Its key idea is based on a Born\nvon Karman expansion of the interaction potential about a set of reference\npositions in which glassy aspects are modeled by taking the harmonic\ncontribution within this expansion to be random. Within the present refined\nversion the expansion at the harmonic level is reorganized so as to respect the\nprinciple of global translational invariance. By implementing this principle,\nwe have for the first time a mechanism that fixes the distribution of the\nparameters characterizing the local potential energy configurations responsible\nfor glassy low-temperature anomalies solely in terms of assumptions about\ninteractions at a microscopic level."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviations for the boundary driven symmetric simple exclusion\n  process: The large deviation properties of equilibrium (reversible) lattice gases are\nmathematically reasonably well understood. Much less is known in\nnon--equilibrium, namely for non reversible systems. In this paper we consider\na simple example of a non--equilibrium situation, the symmetric simple\nexclusion process in which we let the system exchange particles with the\nboundaries at two different rates. We prove a dynamical large deviation\nprinciple for the empirical density which describes the probability of\nfluctuations from the solutions of the hydrodynamic equation. The so called\nquasi potential, which measures the cost of a fluctuation from the stationary\nstate, is then defined by a variational problem for the dynamical large\ndeviation rate function. By characterizing the optimal path, we prove that the\nquasi potential can also be obtained from a static variational problem\nintroduced by Derrida, Lebowitz, and Speer.",
        "positive": "Connection between quantum-many-body scars and the AKLT model from the\n  viewpoint of embedded Hamiltonians: We elucidate the deep connection between the PXP model, which is a standard\nmodel of quantum many-body scars, and the AKLT Hamiltonian. Using the framework\nof embedded Hamiltonians, we establish the connection between the PXP\nHamiltonian and the AKLT Hamiltonian, which clarifies the reason why the PXP\nHamiltonian has nonthermal energy eigenstates similar to the AKLT state.\nThrough this analysis, we find that the presence of such nonthermal energy\neigenstates reflects the symmetry in the AKLT Hamiltonian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous tag diffusion in the asymmetric exclusion model with particles\n  of arbitrary sizes: Anomalous behavior of correlation functions of tagged particles are studied\nin generalizations of the one dimensional asymmetric exclusion problem. In\nthese generalized models the range of the hard-core interactions are changed\nand the restriction of relative ordering of the particles is partially brocken.\nThe models probing these effects are those of biased diffusion of particles\nhaving size S=0,1,2,..., or an effective negative \"size\" S=-1,-2,..., in units\nof lattice space. Our numerical simulations show that irrespective of the range\nof the hard-core potential, as long some relative ordering of particles are\nkept, we find suitable sliding-tag correlation functions whose fluctuations\ngrowth with time anomalously slow ($t^{{1/3}}$), when compared with the normal\ndiffusive behavior ($t^{{1/2}}$). These results indicate that the critical\nbehavior of these stochastic models are in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ)\nuniversality class. Moreover a previous Bethe-ansatz calculation of the\ndynamical critical exponent $z$, for size $S \\geq 0$ particles is extended to\nthe case $S<0$ and the KPZ result $z=3/2$ is predicted for all values of $S \\in\n{Z}$.",
        "positive": "Thin-film growth by random deposition of rod-like particles on a square\n  lattice: Monte Carlo simulations are employed to investigate the surface growth\ngenerated by deposition of particles of different sizes on a substrate, in one\nand two dimensions. The particles have a linear form, and occupy an integer\nnumber of cells of the lattice. The results of our simulations have shown that\nthe roughness evolves in time following three different behaviors. The\nroughness in the initial times behaves as in the random deposition model, with\nan exponent $\\beta_{1} \\approx 1/2$. At intermediate times, the surface\nroughness depends on the system dimensionality and, finally, at long times, it\nenters into the saturation regime, which is described by the roughness exponent\n$\\alpha$. The scaling exponents of the model are the same as those predicted by\nthe Villain-Lai-Das Sarma equation for deposition in one dimension. For the\ndeposition in two dimensions, we show that the interface width in the second\nregime presents an unusual behavior, described by a growing exponent\n$\\beta_{2}$, which depends on the size of the particles added to the substrate.\nIf the linear size of the particle is two, we found that $\\beta_{2}<\\beta_{1}$,\notherwise it is $\\beta_{2}>\\beta_{1}$, for all particles sizes larger than\nthree. While in one dimension the scaling exponents are the same as those\npredicted by the Villain-Lai-Das Sarma equation, in two dimensions, the growth\nexponents are nonuniversal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Classical Background for the Wave Function Prediction in the Infinite\n  System DMRG Method: We report a physical background of the wave function prediction in the\ninfinite system density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method, from the\nview point of two-dimensional vertex model, a typical lattice model in\nstatistical mechanics. Singular value decomposition applied to rectangular\ncorner transfer matrices naturally draws matrix product representation for the\nmaximal eigenvector of the row-to-row transfer matrix. The wave function\nprediction can be expressed as the insertion of an approximate half-column\ntransfer matrix. This insertion process is in accordance with the scheme\nproposed by McCulloch recently.",
        "positive": "Additivity Principle in High-dimensional Deterministic Systems: The additivity principle (AP), conjectured by Bodineau and Derrida [Phys.\nRev. Lett. vol.92, 180601 (2004)], is discussed for the case of heat conduction\nin three-dimensional disordered harmonic lattices to consider the effects of\ndeterministic dynamics, higher dimensionality, and different transport regimes,\ni.e., ballistic, diffusive, and anomalous transport. The cumulant generating\nfunction (CGF) for heat transfer is accurately calculated, and compared with\nthe one given by the AP. In the diffusive regime, we find a clear agreement\nwith the conjecture even if the system is high-dimensional. Surprisingly even\nin the anomalous regime the CGF is also well fitted by the AP. Lower\ndimensional systems are also studied and the importance of three-dimensionality\nfor the validity is stressed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractality of the non-equilibrium stationary states of open\n  volume-preserving systems: I. Tagged particle diffusion: Deterministic diffusive systems such as the periodic Lorentz gas, multi-baker\nmap, as well as spatially periodic systems of interacting particles, have\nnon-equilibrium stationary states with fractal properties when put in contact\nwith particle reservoirs at their boundaries. We study the macroscopic limits\nof these systems and establish a correspondence between the thermodynamics of\nthe macroscopic diffusion process and the fractality of the stationary states\nthat characterize the phase-space statistics. In particular the entropy\nproduction rate is recovered from first principles using a formalism due to\nGaspard [J. Stat. Phys. 88, 1215 (1997)]. This article is the first of two; the\nsecond article considers the influence of a uniform external field on such\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Crossover between a Short-range and a Long-range Ising model: Recently, it has been found that an effective long-range interaction is\nrealized among local bistable variables (spins) in systems where the elastic\ninteraction causes ordering of the spins. In such systems, generally we expect\nboth long-range and short-range interactions to exist. In the short-range Ising\nmodel, the correlation length diverges at the critical point. In contrast, in\nthe long-range interacting model the spin configuration is always uniform and\nthe correlation length is zero. As long as a system has non-zero long-range\ninteractions, it shows criticality in the mean-field universality class, and\nthe spin configuration is uniform beyond a certain scale. Here we study the\ncrossover from the pure short-range interacting model to the long-range\ninteracting model. We investigate the infinite-range model (Husimi-Temperley\nmodel) as a prototype of this competition, and we study how the critical\ntemperature changes as a function of the strength of the long-range\ninteraction. This model can also be interpreted as an approximation for the\nIsing model on a small-world network. We derive a formula for the critical\ntemperature as a function of the strength of the long-range interaction. We\nalso propose a scaling form for the spin correlation length at the critical\npoint, which is finite as long as the long-range interaction is included,\nthough it diverges in the limit of the pure short-range model. These properties\nare confirmed by extensive Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement Hamiltonians and entropy in 1+1D chiral fermion systems: In past work we introduced a method which allows for exact computations of\nentanglement Hamiltonians. The method relies on computing the resolvent for the\nprojected (on the entangling region) Green's function using a solution to the\nRiemann-Hilbert problem combined with finite rank perturbation theory. Here we\nanalyze in detail several examples involving excited states of chiral fermions\n(Dirac and Majorana) on a spatial circle. We compute the exact entanglement\nHamiltonians and an exact formula for the change in entanglement entropy due to\nthe introduction of a particle above the Dirac sea. For Dirac fermions, we give\nthe first-order temperature correction to the entanglement entropy in the case\nof a multiple interval entangling region.",
        "positive": "Exotic phase separation in one-dimensional hard-core boson system with\n  two- and three-body interactions: We investigate the ground state phase diagram of hard-core boson system with\nrepulsive two-body and attractive three-body interactions in one-dimensional\noptic lattice. When these two interactions are comparable and increasing the\nhopping rate, physically intuitive analysis indicates that there exists an\nexotic phase separation regime between the solid phase with charge density wave\norder and superfluid phase. We identify these phases and phase transitions by\nnumerically analyzing the density distribution, structure factor of\ndensity-density correlation function, three-body correlation function and von\nNeumann entropy estimator obtained by density matrix renormalization group\nmethod. These exotic phases and phase transitions are expected to be observed\nin the ultra-cold polar molecule experiments by properly tuning interaction\nparameters, which is constructive to understand the physics of ubiquitous\ninsulating-superconducting phase transitions in condensed matter systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Casmir-Lifshitz Forces and Entropy: It is shown that the violation of the positiveness of the entropy due to the\nCasimir-Lifshitz interaction claimed in several papers is an artifact related\nto an improper interpretation of the \"Casimir entropy\", which actually is a\ndifference of two positive terms. It is explained that at definite condition\nthis \"Casimir entropy\" must be negative. A direct derivation of the low\ntemperature behavior of the surface entropy of a metallic surface in conditions\nof the anomalous skin effect is given and singular temperature dependency of\nthis quantity is discussed. In conclusion a hydrodynamic example of the entropy\nof a liquid film is considered. It occurs that the entropy of a film of finite\nthickness and a liquid half-space behave differently at T tends to 0.",
        "positive": "Equivalence of a one-dimensional driven-diffusive system and an\n  equilibrium two-dimensional walk model: It is known that a single product shock measure in some of one-dimensional\ndriven-diffusive systems with nearest-neighbor interactions might evolve in\ntime quite similar to a random walker moving on a one-dimensional lattice with\nreflecting boundaries. The non-equilibrium steady-state of the system in this\ncase can be written in terms of a linear superposition of such uncorrelated\nshocks. Equivalently, one can write the steady-state of this system using a\nmatrix-product approach with two-dimensional matrices. In this paper we\nintroduce an equilibrium two-dimensional one-transit walk model and find its\npartition function using a transfer matrix method. We will show that there is a\ndirect connection between the partition functions of these two systems. We will\nexplicitly show that in the steady-state the transfer matrix of the one-transit\nwalk model is related to the matrix representation of the algebra of the\ndriven-diffusive model through a similarity transformation. The physical\nquantities are also related through the same transformation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multi player Parrondo games with rigid coupling: In the original Parrondo game, a single player combines two losing strategies\nto a winning strategy. In this paper we investigate the question what happens,\nif two or more players play Parrondo games in a coordinated way. We introduce a\nstrong coupling between the player such that the gain or loss of all players in\none round is the same. We investigate two possible realizations of such a\ncoupling. For both we show that the coupling increases the gain per player. The\ndependency of the gain on the various parameters of the games is determined.\nThe coupling can not only lead to a larger gain, but it can also dominate the\ndriving mechanism of the uncoupled games. Which driving mechanism dominates,\ndepends on the type of coupling. Both couplings are set side by side and the\nmain similarities and differences are emphasised.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Casimir Effect in the large-n limit: We consider systems with slab geometry of finite thickness L that undergo\nsecond order phase transitions in the bulk limit and belong to the universality\nclass of O(n)-symmetric systems with short-range interactions. In these systems\nthe critical fluctuations at the bulk critical temperature T_c induce a\nlong-range effective force called the \"thermodynamic Casimir force\". We\ndescribe the systems in the framework of the O(n)-symmetric phi^4-model,\nrestricting us to the large-n limit n->infty. In this limit the physically\nrelevant case of three space dimensions d=3 can be treated analytically in\nsystems with translational symmetry as, e.g., in the bulk or slabs with\nperiodic or antiperiodic boundary conditions. We consider Dirichlet and open\nboundary conditions at the surfaces that break the translational invariance\nalong the axis perpendicular to the slab. From the broken translational\ninvariance we conclude the necessity to solve the systems numerically. We\nevaluate the Casimir amplitudes for Dirichlet and open boundary conditions on\nboth surfaces and for Dirichlet on one and open on the other surface. Belonging\nto the same surface universality class we find the expected asymptotic\nequivalence of Dirichlet and open boundary conditions. To test the quality of\nour method we confirm the analytical results for periodic and antiperiodic\nboundary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinearity and Multifractality of Climate Change in the Past 420,000\n  Years: Evidence of past climate variations are stored in ice and indicate\nglacial-interglacial cycles characterized by three dominant time periods of\n20kyr, 40kyr, and 100kyr. We study the scaling properties of temperature proxy\nrecords of four ice cores from Antarctica and Greenland. These series are\nlong-range correlated in the time scales of 1-100kyr. We show that these series\nare nonlinear as expressed by volatility correlations and a broad multifractal\nspectrum. We present a stochastic model that captures the scaling and the\nnonlinear properties observed in the data.",
        "positive": "Steady States of a Nonequilibrium Lattice Gas: We present a Monte Carlo study of a lattice gas driven out of equilibrium by\na local hopping bias. Sites can be empty or occupied by one of two types of\nparticles, which are distinguished by their response to the hopping bias. All\nparticles interact via excluded volume and a nearest-neighbor attractive force.\nThe main result is a phase diagram with three phases: a homogeneous phase, and\ntwo distinct ordered phases. Continuous boundaries separate the homogeneous\nphase from the ordered phases, and a first-order line separates the two ordered\nphases. The three lines merge in a nonequilibrium bicritical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Constructing Auxiliary Dynamics for Nonequilibrium Stationary States by\n  Variance Minimization: We present a strategy to construct guiding distribution functions (GDFs)\nbased on variance minimization. Auxiliary dynamics via GDFs mitigates the\nexponential growth of variance as a function of bias in Monte Carlo estimators\nof large deviation functions. The variance minimization technique exploits the\nexact properties of eigenstates of the tilted operator that defines the biased\ndynamics in the nonequilibrium system. We demonstrate our techniques in two\nclasses of problems. In the continuum, we show that GDFs can be optimized to\nstudy interacting driven diffusive systems where the efficiency is\nsystematically improved by incorporating higher correlations into the GDF. On\nthe lattice, we use a correlator product state ansatz to study the 1D WASEP. We\nshow that with modest resources we can capture the features of the\nsusceptibility in large systems that marks the phase transition from uniform\ntransport to a traveling wave state. Our work extends the repertoire of tools\navailable to study nonequilibrium properties in realistic systems.",
        "positive": "Comparative study of the critical behavior in one-dimensional random and\n  aperiodic environments: We consider cooperative processes (quantum spin chains and random walks) in\none-dimensional fluctuating random and aperiodic environments characterized by\nfluctuating exponents omega>0. At the critical point the random and aperiodic\nsystems scale essentially anisotropically in a similar fashion: length (L) and\ntime (t) scales are related as t ~ log^{1/omega}. Also some critical exponents,\ncharacterizing the singularities of average quantities, are found to be\nuniversal functions of omega, whereas some others do depend on details of the\ndistribution of the disorder. In the off-critical region there is an important\ndifference between the two types of environments: in aperiodic systems there\nare no extra (Griffiths)-singularities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generic two-phase coexistence in nonequilibrium systems: Gibbs' phase rule states that two-phase coexistence of a single-component\nsystem, characterized by an n-dimensional parameter-space, may occur in an\nn-1-dimensional region. For example, the two equilibrium phases of the Ising\nmodel coexist on a line in the temperature-magnetic-field phase diagram.\nNonequilibrium systems may violate this rule and several models, where phase\ncoexistence occurs over a finite (n-dimensional) region of the parameter space,\nhave been reported. The first example of this behaviour was found in Toom's\nmodel [Toom,Geoff,GG], that exhibits generic bistability, i.e. two-phase\ncoexistence over a finite region of its two-dimensional parameter space (see\nSection 1). In addition to its interest as a genuine nonequilibrium property,\ngeneric multistability, defined as a generalization of bistability, is both of\npractical and theoretical relevance. In particular, it has been used recently\nto argue that some complex structures appearing in nature could be truly stable\nrather than metastable (with important applications in theoretical biology),\nand as the theoretical basis for an error-correction method in computer science\n(see [GG,Gacs] for an illuminating and pedagogical discussion of these ideas).",
        "positive": "Depinning transition and thermal fluctuations in the random-field Ising\n  model: We analyze the depinning transition of a driven interface in the 3d\nrandom-field Ising model (RFIM) with quenched disorder by means of Monte Carlo\nsimulations. The interface initially built into the system is perpendicular to\nthe [111]-direction of a simple cubic lattice. We introduce an algorithm which\nis capable of simulating such an interface independent of the considered\ndimension and time scale. This algorithm is applied to the 3d-RFIM to study\nboth the depinning transition and the influence of thermal fluctuations on this\ntransition. It turns out that in the RFIM characteristics of the depinning\ntransition depend crucially on the existence of overhangs. Our analysis yields\ncritical exponents of the interface velocity, the correlation length, and the\nthermal rounding of the transition. We find numerical evidence for a scaling\nrelation for these exponents and the dimension d of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A lattice glass model with no tendency to crystallize: We study a lattice model with two body interactions that reproduces in\nthree-dimensions many features of structural glasses, like cage effect and\nvanishing diffusivity. While having a crystalline state at low temperatures, it\ndoes not crystallize when quenched, even at the slowest cooling rate used,\nwhich makes it suitable to study the glass transition. We study the model on\nthe Bethe lattice as well, and find a scenario typical of p-spin models, as in\nthe Biroli Mezard model.",
        "positive": "Construction of microcanonical entropy on thermodynamic pillars: A question that is currently highly debated is whether the microcanonical\nentropy should be expressed as the logarithm of the phase volume (volume\nentropy, also known as the Gibbs entropy) or as the logarithm of the density of\nstates (surface entropy, also known as the Boltzmann entropy). Rather than\npostulating them and investigating the consequence of each definition, as is\ncustomary, here we adopt a bottom-up approach and construct the entropy\nexpression within the microcanonical formalism upon two fundamental\nthermodynamic pillars: (i) The second law of thermodynamics as formulated for\nquasi-static processes: $\\delta Q/T$ is an exact differential, and (ii) the law\nof ideal gases: $PV=k_B NT$. The first pillar implies that entropy must be some\nfunction of the phase volume $\\Omega$. The second pillar singles out the\nlogarithmic function among all possible functions. Hence the construction leads\nuniquely to the expression $S= k_B \\ln \\Omega$, that is the volume entropy. As\na consequence any entropy expression other than that of Gibbs, e.g., the\nBoltzmann entropy, can lead to inconsistencies with the two thermodynamic\npillars. We illustrate this with the prototypical example of a macroscopic\ncollection of non-interacting spins in a magnetic field, and show that the\nBoltzmann entropy severely fails to predict the magnetization, even in the\nthermodynamic limit. The uniqueness of the Gibbs entropy, as well as the\ndemonstrated potential harm of the Boltzmann entropy, provide compelling\nreasons for discarding the latter at once."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Direct correlation function of square well fluid with wide well: First\n  order mean spherical approximation: An analytical expression for square-well fluid direct correlation function\n(DCF) obtained recently by Tang (Y.Tang, J. Chem. Phys. 127, 164504 (2007)) in\nthe first-order mean spherical approximation is extended for wider well widths\n(2<lambda<3). Theoretically obtained direct correlation functions and radial\ndistribution functions for square-well fluid with lambda=2.1 and lambda=2.5 are\ncompared with corresponding results of Monte-Carlo simulation.",
        "positive": "Vortex-loop calculation of the specific heat of superfluid $^4$He under\n  pressure: Vortex-loop renormalization is used to compute the specific heat of\nsuperfluid $^4$He near the lambda point at various pressures up to 26 bars. The\ninput parameters are the the pressure dependence of T$_\\lambda$ and the\nsuperfluid density, which determine the non-universal parameters of the vortex\ncore energy and core size. The results for the specific heat are found to be in\ngood agreement with experimental data, matching the expected universal pressure\ndependence to within about 5$\\%$. The non-universal critical amplitude of the\nspecific heat is found to be in reasonable agreement, a factor of four larger\nthan the experiments. We point out problems with recent Gross-Pitaevskii\nsimulations that claimed the vortex-loop percolation temperature did not match\nthe critical temperature of the superfluid phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lindblad Plus From Feynman-Vernon: I show how the Lindblad Plus equation will follow from the Feynman-Vernon\ntheory. The Plus refers to the inclusion of non-Markov processes in the\nLindblad equation resulting in an integro-differential general master equation.\nThe equivalence of this general master equation and not the Lindblad equation\nalone to the Feynman-Vernon theory should be expected because the sum over\nhistories approach of the FV theory clearly includes non-Markov processes,\nwhich Lindblad equation ignores. This should close the seeming gap between\nthese two approaches to quantum open systems.",
        "positive": "The exponentially truncated q-distribution: A generalized distribution\n  for real complex systems: To know the statistical distribution of a variable is an important problem in\nmanagement of resources. Distributions of the power law type are observed in\nmany real systems. However power law distributions have an infinite variance\nand thus can not be used as a standard distribution. Normally professionals in\nthe area use normal distribution with variable parameters or some other\napproximate distribution like Gumbel, Wakeby, or Pareto, which has limited\nvalidity.\n  Tsallis presented a microscopic theory of power law in the framework of\nnon-extensive thermodynamics considering long-range interactions or long\nmemory. In the present work, we consider softing of long-range interactions or\nmemory and presented a generalized distribution which have finite variance and\ncan be used as a standard distribution for all real complex systems with power\nlaw behaviour. We applied this distribution for a financial system, rain\nprecipitation and some geophysical and social systems. We found a good\nagreement for entire range in all cases for the probability density function\n(pdf) as well as the accumulated probability. This distribution shows universal\nnature of the size limiting in real systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conditions for Chemotactic Aggregation: Micro-organisms aggregate through chemotaxis against a concentration gradient\nof signals secreted by themselves. We have numerically studied a model\nconsisting of elements with intracellular dynamics, random walks with a\nstate-dependent turnover rate, and secretion of attractant. Three phases with\nand without aggregation, as well as partial aggregation, were obtained as to\nthe diffusion and decomposition rates of the attractant, and conditions for\ncellular aggregation were analyzed. The size of aggregated clusters was shown\nto be independent of cell density, as is consistent with experiment.",
        "positive": "Equilibration of isolated macroscopic quantum systems: We investigate the equilibration of an isolated macroscopic quantum system in\nthe sense that deviations from a steady state become unmeasurably small for the\noverwhelming majority of times within any sufficiently large time interval. The\nmain requirements are that the initial state, possibly far from equilibrium,\nexhibits a macroscopic population of at most one energy level and that\ndegeneracies of energy eigenvalues and of energy gaps (differences of energy\neigenvalues) are not of exceedingly large multiplicities. Our approach closely\nfollows and extends recent works by Short and Farrelly [2012 New J. Phys. 14\n013063], in particular going beyond the realm of finite-dimensional systems and\nlarge effective dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficiency of Brownian Motors: The efficiency of different types of Brownian motors is calculated\nanalytically and numerically. We find that motors based on flashing ratchets\npresent a low efficiency and an unavoidable entropy production. On the other\nhand, a certain class of motors based on adiabatically changing potentials,\nnamed reversible ratchets, exhibit a higher efficiency and the entropy\nproduction can be arbitrarily reduced.",
        "positive": "Exact statistics and thermodynamic uncertainty relations for a\n  periodically driven electron pump: We introduce a model for a periodically driven electron pump that\nsequentially interact with an arbitrary number of heat and particle reservoirs.\nExact expressions for the thermodynamic fluxes, such as entropy production and\nparticle flows are derived arbitrarily far from equilibrium. We use the present\nmodel to perform a comparative study of thermodynamic uncertainty relations\nthat are valid for systems with time-periodic driving."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modularity and Extreme Edges of the Internet: We study the spectral properties of a diffusion process taking place on the\nInternet network focusing on the slowest decaying modes. These modes allow us\nto identify an underlying modular structure of the Internet roughly\ncorresponding to individual countries. For instance in the slowest decaying\nmode the diffusion current flows from Russia towards US military sites. These\ntwo regions thus constitute the extreme edges of the Internet. Quantitatively\nthe modular structure of the Internet manifests itself in approximately 10\ntimes larger participation ratio of its slow decaying modes compared to the\nnull model - a random scale-free network. We propose to use the fraction of\nnodes participating in slow decaying modes as a general measure of the\nmodularity of a network. For the 100 slowest decaying modes of the Internet we\nmeasured this fraction to be around 30%. Finally we suggest, that the degree of\nisolation of an individual module can be assessed by comparing its\nparticipation in different diffusion modes. Using the proportionality of\nresponse as a criterion we find that the independent module approximation works\nwell for the Internet.",
        "positive": "Short-Time Dynamics of Fe2/V13 Magnetic Superlattice Models: Critical relaxation from a low-temperature fully ordered state of Fe2/V13\niron-vanadium magnetic superlattice models has been studied using the method of\nshort-time dynamics. Systems with three variants of the ratio R of inter- to\nintralayer exchange coupling have been considered. Particles with N = 262144\nspins have been simulated with periodic boundary conditions. Calculations have\nbeen performed using the standard Metropolis algorithm of the Monte Carlo\nmethod. The static critical exponents of magnetization and correlation radius,\nas well as the dynamic critical exponent, have been calculated for three R\nvalues. It is established that a small decrease in the exchange ratio (from R =\n1.0 to 0.8) does not significantly influence the character of the short-time\ndynamics in the models studied. A further significant decrease in this ratio\n(to R = 0.01), for which a transition from three-dimensional to\nquasi-twodimensional magnetism is possible, leads to significant changes in the\ndynamic behavior of iron-vanadium magnetic superlattice models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective phonons in anharmonic lattices: anomalous vs normal heat\n  conduction: We study heat conduction in one dimensional (1D) anharmonic lattices\nanalytically and numerically by using an effective phonon theory. It is found\nthat every effective phonon mode oscillates quasi-periodically. By weighting\nthe power spectrum of the total heat flux in the Debye formula, we obtain a\nunified formalism that can explain anomalous heat conduction in momentum\nconserved lattices without on-site potential and normal heat conduction in\nlattices with on-site potential. Our results agree very well with numerical\nones for existing models such as the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam model, the\nFrenkel-Kontorova model and the $\\phi^4$ model etc.",
        "positive": "Tensor Renormalization Group: Local Magnetizations, Correlation\n  Functions, and Phase Diagrams of Systems with Quenched Randomness: The tensor renormalization-group method, developed by Levin and Nave, brings\nsystematic improvability to the position-space renormalization-group method and\nyields essentially exact results for phase diagrams and entire thermodynamic\nfunctions. The method, previously used on systems with no quenched randomness,\nis extended in this study to systems with quenched randomness. Local\nmagnetizations and correlation functions as a function of spin separation are\ncalculated as tensor products subject to renormalization-group transformation.\nPhase diagrams are extracted from the long-distance behavior of the correlation\nfunctions. The approach is illustrated with the quenched bond-diluted Ising\nmodel on the triangular lattice. An accurate phase diagram is obtained in\ntemperature and bond-dilution probability, for the entire temperature range\ndown to the percolation threshold at zero temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stationary states in single-well potentials under symmetric Levy noises: We discuss the existence of stationary states for subharmonic potentials\n$V(x) \\propto |x|^c$, $c<2$, under action of symmetric $\\alpha$-stable noises.\nWe show analytically that the necessary condition for the existence of the\nsteady state is $c>2-\\alpha$. These states are characterized by heavy-tailed\nprobability density functions which decay as $P(x) \\propto x^{-(c+\\alpha -1)}$\nfor $|x| \\to \\infty$, i.e. stationary states posses a heavier tail than the\ncorresponding $\\alpha$-stable law. Monte Carlo simulations confirm the\nexistence of such stationary states and the form of the tails of corresponding\nprobability densities.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation relations for a driven Brownian particle: We consider a driven Brownian particle, subject to both conservative and\nnon-conservative applied forces, whose probability evolves according to the\nKramers equation. We derive a general fluctuation relation, expressing the\nratio of the probability of a given Brownian path in phase space with that of\nthe time-reversed path, in terms of the entropy flux to the heat reservoir.\nThis fluctuation relation implies those of Seifert, Jarzynski and\nGallavotti-Cohen in different special cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phenomenological Theory for Phase Turbulence in Rayleigh-B\u00e9nard\n  Convection: We present a phenomenological theory for phase turbulence (PT) in\nRayleigh-B\\'{e}nard convection, based on the generalized Swift-Hohenberg model.\nWe apply a Hartree-Fock approximation to PT and conjecture a scaling form for\nthe structure factor $S(k)$ with respect to the correlation length $\\xi_2$. We\nhence obtain {\\it analytical} results for the time-averaged convective current\n$J$ and the time-averaged mean square vorticity $\\Omega$. We also define\npower-law behaviors such as $J \\sim \\epsilon^\\mu$, $\\Omega \\sim\n\\epsilon^\\lambda$ and $\\xi_2 \\sim \\epsilon^{-\\nu}$, where $\\epsilon$ is the\ncontrol parameter. We find from our theory that $\\mu = 1$, $\\nu \\ge 1/2$ and\n$\\lambda = 2 \\mu + \\nu$. These predictions, together with the scaling\nconjecture for $S(k)$, are confirmed by our numerical results.",
        "positive": "Reversible thermoelectric nanomaterials: Irreversible effects in thermoelectric materials limit their efficiency and\neconomy for applications in power generation and refrigeration. While electron\ntransport is unavoidably irreversible in bulk materials, here we derive\nconditions under which reversible diffusive electron transport can be achieved\nin nanostructured thermoelectric materials via the same physical mechanism\nutilized in quantum optical heat engines. Our results may provide a physical\nexplanation for the very high efficiencies recently reported for nanostructured\nthermoelectric materials such as quantum-dot superlattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Unified Interface Model for Dissipative Transport of Bosons and\n  Fermions: We study the directed transport of bosons along a one dimensional lattice in\na dissipative setting, where the hopping is only facilitated by coupling to a\nMarkovian reservoir. By combining numerical simulations with a field-theoretic\nanalysis, we investigate the current fluctuations for this process and\ndetermine its asymptotic behavior. These findings demonstrate that dissipative\nbosonic transport belongs to the KPZ universality class and therefore, in spite\nof the drastic difference in the underlying particle statistics, it features\nthe same coarse grained behavior as the corresponding asymmetric simple\nexclusion process (ASEP) for fermions. However, crucial differences between the\ntwo processes emerge when focusing on the full counting statistics of current\nfluctuations. By mapping both models to the physics of fluctuating interfaces,\nwe find that dissipative transport of bosons and fermions can be understood as\nsurface growth and erosion processes, respectively. Within this unified\ndescription, both the similarities and discrepancies between the full counting\nstatistics of the transport are reconciled. Beyond purely theoretical interest,\nthese findings are relevant for experiments with cold atoms or long-lived\nquasi-particles in nanophotonic lattices, where such transport scenarios can be\nrealized.",
        "positive": "Spatial correlations of the 1D KPZ surface on a flat substrate: We study the spatial correlations of the one-dimensional KPZ surface for the\nflat initial condition. It is shown that the multi-point joint distribution for\nthe height is given by a Fredholm determinant, with its kernel in the scaling\nlimit explicitly obtained. This may also describe the dynamics of the largest\neigenvalue in the GOE Dyson's Brownian motion model. Our analysis is based on a\nreformulation of the determinantal Green's function for the totally ASEP in\nterms of a vicious walk problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipative effects on quantum glassy systems: We discuss the behavior of a quantum glassy system coupled to a bath of\nquantum oscillators. We show that the system localizes in the absence of\ninteractions when coupled to a subOhmic bath. When interactions are switched on\nlocalization disappears and the system undergoes a phase transition towards a\nglassy phase. We show that the position of the critical line separating the\ndisordered and the ordered phases strongly depends on the coupling to the bath.\nFor a given type of bath, the ordered glassy phase is favored by a stronger\ncoupling. Ohmic, subOhmic and superOhmic baths lead to different transition\nlines. We draw our conclusions from the analysis of the partition function\nusing the replicated imaginary-time formalism and from the study of the\nreal-time dynamics of the coupled system using the Schwinger-Keldysh closed\ntime-path formalism.",
        "positive": "Discrete random walk models for symmetric Levy-Feller diffusion\n  processes: We propose a variety of models of random walk, discrete in space and time,\nsuitable for simulating stable random variables of arbitrary index $\\alpha$\n($0< \\alpha \\le 2$), in the symmetric case. We show that by properly scaled\ntransition to vanishing space and time steps our random walk models converge to\nthe corresponding continuous Markovian stochastic processes, that we refer to\nas Levy-Feller diffusion processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local pressure of confined fluids inside nanoslit pores -- A density\n  functional theory prediction: In this work, the local pressure of fluids confined inside nanoslit pores is\npredicted within the framework of the density functional theory. The\nEuler-Lagrange equation in the density functional theory of statistical\nmechanics is used to obtain the force balance equation which leads to a general\nequation to predict the local normal component of the pressure tensor. Our\napproach yields a general equation for predicting the normal pressure of\nconfined fluids and it satisfies the exact bulk thermodynamics equation when\nthe pore width approaches infinity. As two basic examples, we report the\nsolution of the general equation for hard-sphere (HS) and Lennard-Jones (LJ)\nfluids confined between two parallel-structureless hard walls. To do so, we use\nthe modified fundamental measure theory (mFMT) to obtain the normal pressure\nfor hard-sphere confined fluid and mFMT incorporated with the Rosenfeld\nperturbative DFT for the LJ fluid. Effects of different variables including\npore width, bulk density and temperature on the behavior of normal pressure are\nstudied and reported. Our predicted results show that in both HS and LJ cases\nthe confined fluids normal pressure has an oscillatory behavior and the number\nof oscillations increases with bulk density and temperature. The oscillations\nalso become broad and smooth with pore width at a constant temperature and bulk\ndensity. In comparison with the HS confined fluid, the values of normal\npressure for the LJ confined fluid as well as its oscillations at all distances\nfrom the walls are less profound.",
        "positive": "Machine-learning Iterative Calculation of Entropy for Physical Systems: Characterizing the entropy of a system is a crucial, and often\ncomputationally costly, step in understanding its thermodynamics. It plays a\nkey role in the study of phase transitions, pattern formation, protein folding\nand more. Current methods for entropy estimation suffer either from a high\ncomputational cost, lack of generality or inaccuracy, and inability to treat\ncomplex, strongly interacting systems. In this paper, we present a novel\nmethod, termed MICE, for calculating the entropy by iteratively dividing the\nsystem into smaller subsystems and estimating the mutual information between\neach pair of halves. The estimation is performed with a recently proposed\nmachine learning algorithm which works with arbitrary network architectures\nthat can be chosen to fit the structure and symmetries of the system at hand.\nWe show that our method can calculate the entropy of various systems, both\nthermal and athermal, with state-of-the-art accuracy. Specifically, we study\nvarious classical spin systems, and identify the jamming point of a bidisperse\nmixture of soft disks. Lastly, we suggest that besides its role in estimating\nthe entropy, the mutual information itself can provide an insightful diagnostic\ntool in the study of physical systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Delay-induced stochastic bursting in excitable noisy systems: We show that a cumulative action of noise and delayed feedback on an\nexcitable theta-neuron leads to rather coherent stochastic bursting. An\nidealized point process, valid if the characteristic time scales in the problem\nare well-separated, is used to describe statistical properties such as the\npower spectrum and the interspike interval distribution. We show how the main\nparameters of the point process, the spontaneous excitation rate and the\nprobability to induce a spike during the delay action, can be calculated from\nthe solutions of a stationary and a forced Fokker-Planck equation.",
        "positive": "Phase transition and critical behaviour of the d=3 Gross-Neveu model: A second order phase transition for the three dimensional Gross-Neveu model\nis established for one fermion species N=1. This transition breaks a paritylike\ndiscrete symmetry. It constitutes its peculiar universality class with critical\nexponent \\nu = 0.63 and scalar and fermionic anomalous dimension \\eta_\\sigma =\n0.31 and \\eta_\\psi = 0.11, respectively. We also compute critical exponents for\nother N. Our results are based on exact renormalization group equations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Achlioptas processes are not always self-averaging: We consider a class of percolation models, called Achlioptas processes,\ndiscussed in [Science 323, 1453 (2009)] and [Science 333, 322 (2011)]. For\nthese the evolution of the order parameter (the rescaled size of the largest\nconnected component) has been the main focus of research in recent years. We\nshow that, in striking contrast to `classical' models, self-averaging is not a\nuniversal feature of these new percolation models: there are natural Achlioptas\nprocesses whose order parameter has random fluctuations that do not disappear\nin the thermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "High Reproduction Rate versus Sexual Fidelity: We introduce fidelity into the bit-string Penna model for biological ageing\nand study the advantage of this fidelity when it produces a higher survival\nprobability of the offspring due to paternal care. We attribute a lower\nreproduction rate to the faithful males but a higher death probability to the\noffspring of non-faithful males that abandon the pups to mate other females.\nThe fidelity is considered as a genetic trait which is transmitted to the male\noffspring (with or without error). We show that nature may prefer a lower\nreproduction rate to warrant the survival of the offspring already born."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Single Curve Collapse of the Price Impact Function for the New York\n  Stock Exchange: We study the average price impact of a single trade executed in the NYSE.\nAfter appropriate averaging and rescaling, the data for the 1000 most highly\ncapitalized stocks collapse onto a single function, giving average price shift\nas a function of trade size. This function increases as a power that is the\norder of 1/2 for small volumes, but then increases more slowly for large\nvolumes. We obtain similar results in each year from the period 1995 - 1998. We\nalso find that small volume liquidity scales as a power of the stock\ncapitalization.",
        "positive": "Thermally activated escape rates of uniaxial spin systems with\n  transverse field: Classical escape rates of uniaxial spin systems are characterized by a\nprefactor differing from and much smaller than that of the particle problem,\nsince the maximum of the spin energy is attained everywhere on the line of\nconstant latitude: theta=const, 0 =< phi =< 2*pi. If a transverse field is\napplied, a saddle point of the energy is formed, and high, moderate, and low\ndamping regimes (similar to those for particles) appear. Here we present the\nfirst analytical and numerical study of crossovers between the uniaxial and\nother regimes for spin systems. It is shown that there is one HD-Uniaxial\ncrossover, whereas at low damping the uniaxial and LD regimes are separated by\ntwo crossovers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partition function loop series for a general graphical model: free\n  energy corrections and message-passing equations: A loop series expansion for the partition function of a general statistical\nmodel on a graph is carried out. If the auxiliary probability distributions of\nthe expansion are chosen to be a fixed point of the belief-propagation\nequation, the first term of the loop series gives the Bethe-Peierls free energy\nfunctional at the replica-symmetric level of the mean-field spin glass theory,\nand corrections are contributed only by subgraphs that are free of dangling\nedges. This result generalize the early work of Chertkov and Chernyak on binary\nstatistical models. If the belief-propagation equation has multiple fixed\npoints, a loop series expansion is performed for the grand partition function.\nThe first term of this series gives the Bethe-Peierls free energy functional at\nthe first-step replica-symmetry-breaking (RSB) level of the mean-field\nspin-glass theory, and corrections again come only from subgraphs that are free\nof dangling edges, provided that the auxiliary probability distributions of the\nexpansion are chosen to be a fixed point of the survey-propagation equation.\nThe same loop series expansion can be performed for higher-level partition\nfunctions, obtaining the higher-level RSB Bethe-Peierls free energy functionals\n(and the correction terms) and message-passing equations without using the\nBethe-Peierls approximation.",
        "positive": "Modes of Information Flow: Information flow between components of a system takes many forms and is key\nto understanding the organization and functioning of large-scale, complex\nsystems. We demonstrate three modalities of information flow from time series X\nto time series Y. Intrinsic information flow exists when the past of X is\nindividually predictive of the present of Y, independent of Y's past; this is\nmost commonly considered information flow. Shared information flow exists when\nX's past is predictive of Y's present in the same manner as Y's past; this\noccurs due to synchronization or common driving, for example. Finally,\nsynergistic information flow occurs when neither X's nor Y's pasts are\npredictive of Y's present on their own, but taken together they are. The two\nmost broadly-employed information-theoretic methods of quantifying information\nflow---time-delayed mutual information and transfer entropy---are both\nsensitive to a pair of these modalities: time-delayed mutual information to\nboth intrinsic and shared flow, and transfer entropy to both intrinsic and\nsynergistic flow. To quantify each mode individually we introduce our\ncryptographic flow ansatz, positing that intrinsic flow is synonymous with\nsecret key agreement between X and Y. Based on this, we employ an\neasily-computed secret-key-agreement bound---intrinsic mutual\ninformation&mdashto quantify the three flow modalities in a variety of systems\nincluding asymmetric flows and financial markets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superstatistical distributions from a maximum entropy principle: We deal with a generalized statistical description of nonequilibrium complex\nsystems based on least biased distributions given some prior information. A\nmaximum entropy principle is introduced that allows for the determination of\nthe distribution of the fluctuating intensive parameter $\\beta$ of a\nsuperstatistical system, given certain constraints on the complex system under\nconsideration. We apply the theory to three examples: The superstatistical\nquantum mechanical harmonic oscillator, the superstatistical classical ideal\ngas, and velocity time series as measured in a turbulent Taylor-Couette flow.",
        "positive": "The Designability of Protein Structures: A Lattice-Model Study using the\n  Miyazawa-Jernigan Matrix: We study the designability of all compact 3x3x3 and 6x6 lattice-protein\nstructures using the Miyazawa-Jernigan (MJ) matrix. The designability of a\nstructure is the number of sequences that design the structure, i.e. sequences\nthat have that structure as their unique lowest-energy state. Previous studies\nof hydrophobic-polar (HP) models showed a wide distribution of structure\ndesignabilities. Recently, questions were raised concerning the use of a\n2-letter (HP) code in such studies. Here we calculate designabilities using all\n20 amino acids, with empirically determined interaction potentials (MJ matrix),\nand compare with HP model results. We find good qualitative agreement between\nthe two models. In particular, highly designable structures in the HP model are\nalso highly designable in the MJ model--and vice versa--with the associated\nsequences having enhanced thermodynamic stability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rescaled density expansions and demixing in hard-sphere binary mixtures: The demixing transition of a binary fluid mixture of additive hard spheres is\nanalyzed for different size asymmetries by starting from the exact low-density\nexpansion of the pressure. Already within the second virial approximation the\nfluid separates into two phases of different composition with a lower consolute\ncritical point. By successively incorporating the third, fourth, and fifth\nvirial coefficients, the critical consolute point moves to higher values of the\npressure and to lower values of the partial number fraction of the large\nspheres. When the exact low-density expansion of the pressure is rescaled to\nhigher densities as in the Percus-Yevick theory, by adding more exact virial\ncoefficients a different qualitative movement of the critical consolute point\nin the phase diagram is found. It is argued that the Percus-Yevick factor\nappearing in many empirical equations of state for the mixture has a deep\ninfluence on the location of the critical consolute point, so that the\nresulting phase diagram for a prescribed equation has to be taken with caution.",
        "positive": "Semiclassical statistical mechanics' tools for deformed algebras: In order to enlarge the present arsenal of semiclassical toools we explicitly\nobtain here the Husimi distributions and Wehrl entropy within the context of\ndeformed algebras built up on the basis of a new family of q-deformed coherent\nstates, those of Quesne [J. Phys. A 35, 9213 (2002)]. We introduce also a\ngeneralization of the Wehrl entropy constructed with escort distributions. The\ntwo generalizations are investigated with emphasis on i) their behavior as a\nfunction of temperature and ii) the results obtained when the\ndeformation-parameter tends to unity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modelling spatial constraints and scaling effects of catalyst phase\n  separation on linear pathway kinetics: Chemical reactions are usually studied under the assumption that both\nsubstrates and catalysts are well mixed (WM) throughout the system. Although\nthis is often applicable to test-tube experimental conditions, it is not\nrealistic in cellular environments, where biomolecules can undergo\nliquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and form condensates, leading to\nimportant functional outcomes, including the modulation of catalytic action.\nSimilar processes may also play a role in protocellular systems, like primitive\ncoacervates, or in membrane-assisted prebiotic pathways. Here we explore\nwhether the de-mixing of catalysts could lead to the formation of\nmicro-environments that influence the kinetics of a linear (multi-step)\nreaction pathway, as compared to a WM system. We implemented a general lattice\nmodel to simulate LLPS of an ensemble of different catalysts and extended it to\ninclude diffusion and a sequence of reactions of small substrates. We carried\nout a quantitative analysis of how the phase separation of the catalysts\naffects reaction times depending on the affinity between substrates and\ncatalysts, the length of the reaction pathway, the system size, and the degree\nof homogeneity of the condensate. A key aspect underlying the differences\nreported between the two scenarios is that the scale invariance observed in the\nWM system is broken by condensation processes. The main theoretical\nimplications of our results for mean-field chemistry are drawn, extending the\nmass action kinetics scheme to include substrate initial hitting times to reach\nthe catalysts condensate. We finally test this approach by considering open\nnon-linear conditions, where we successfully predict, through microscopic\nsimulations, that phase separation inhibits chemical oscillatory behaviour,\nproviding a possible explanation for the marginal role that this complex\ndynamic behaviour plays in real metabolisms.",
        "positive": "Social Percolation on Inhomogeneous Spanning Network: The Social Percolation model recently proposed by Solomon et al. is studied\non the Ising correlated inhomogeneous network. The dynamics in this is studied\nso as to understand the role of correlations in the social structure. Thus the\npossible role of the structural social connectivity is examined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chiral spin liquid in a two-dimensional two-component helical magnet: A low-temperature method is developed, suited for the two-dimensional\ntwo-component classical helical magnet. Four phases on the phase diagram as\nfunctions of temperature and helicity parameter of the Hamiltonian are found.\nAmong the three ordered phases two show magnetic order: the usual algebraic\ncorrelations of the magnetization and the algebraic correlations of the\nmagnetization in the frame rotating according with the helical order. A chiral\nspin liquid phase emerges directly from the paramagnetic phase and has a scalar\nparity-breaking pitch of the magnetization as the order parameter. The chiral\nphase transition is found to be of a continuous second order type with a\nmodified by the long-range interaction Ising universality class. All the\ncritical exponents are calculated in the second and the third order of an\n$\\epsilon$-expansion. A new scaling relationship replacing the Josephson's one\nis found.",
        "positive": "Cosmological simulations of structure formation and the Vlasov equation: In cosmology numerical simulations of structure formation are now of central\nimportance, as they are the sole instrument for providing detailed predictions\nof current cosmological models for a whole class of important constraining\nobservations. These simulations are essentially molecular dynamics simulations\nof N (>> 1), now up to of order several billion) particles interacting through\ntheir self-gravity. While their aim is to produce the Vlasov limit, which\ndescribes the underlying (``cold dark matter'') models, the degree to which\nthey actually do produce this limit is currently understood, at best, only very\nqualitatively, and there is an acknowledged need for ``a theory of discreteness\nerrors''. In this talk I will describe, for non-cosmologists, both the\nsimulations and the underlying theoretical models, and will then focus on the\nissue of discreteness, describing some recent progress in addressing this\nquestion quantitatively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On Density-Matrix Spectra for Two-Dimensional Quantum Systems: For a two-dimensional system of coupled oscillators, the spectra of reduced\ndensity matrices can be obtained analytically. This provides an example where\nthe features of these quantities, which are of central importance in numerical\nstudies using the DMRG method, can be seen.",
        "positive": "Dissociation of Feshbach Molecules into Different Partial Waves: Ultracold molecules can be associated from ultracold atoms by ramping the\nmagnetic field through a Feshbach resonance. A reverse ramp dissociates the\nmolecules. Under suitable conditions, more than one outgoing partial wave can\nbe populated. A theoretical model for this process is discussed here in detail.\nThe model reveals the connection between the dissociation and the theory of\nmultichannel scattering resonances. In particular, the decay rate, the\nbranching ratio, and the relative phase between the partial waves can be\npredicted from theory or extracted from experiment. The results are applicable\nto our recent experiment in 87Rb, which has a d-wave shape resonance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wall-liquid and wall-crystal interfacial free energies via thermodynamic\n  integration: A molecular dynamics simulation study: A method is proposed to compute the interfacial free energy of a\nLennard-Jones system in contact with a structured wall by molecular dynamics\nsimulation. Both the bulk liquid and bulk face-centered-cubic crystal phase\nalong the (111) orientation are considered. Our approach is based on a\nthermodynamic integration scheme where first the bulk Lennard-Jones system is\nreversibly transformed to a state where it interacts with a structureless flat\nwall. In a second step, the flat structureless wall is reversibly transformed\ninto an atomistic wall with crystalline structure. The dependence of the\ninterfacial free energy on various parameters such as the wall potential, the\ndensity and orientation of the wall is investigated. The conditions are\nindicated under which a Lennard-Jones crystal partially wets a flat wall.",
        "positive": "A Contracted Path Integral Solution of the Discrete Master Equation: A new representation of the exact time dependent solution of the discrete\nmaster equation is derived. This representation can be considered as\ncontraction of the path integral solution of Haken. It allows the calculation\nof the probability distribution of the occurence time for each path and is\nsuitable as basis of new computational solution methods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pechukas-Yukawa approach to the evolution of the quantum state of a\n  parametrically perturbed system: We consider the evolution of a quantum state of a Hamiltonian which is\nparametrically perturbed via a term proportional to the adiabatic parameter\n\\lambda (t). Starting with the Pechukas-Yukawa mapping of the energy\neigenvalues evolution on a generalised Calogero-Sutherland model of 1D\nclassical gas, we consider the adiabatic approximation with two different\nexpansions of the quantum state in powers of d\\lambda/dt and compare them with\na direct numerical simulation. We show that one of these expansions (Magnus\nseries) is especially convenient for the description of non-adiabatic evolution\nof the system. Applying the expansion to the exact cover 3-satisfability\nproblem, we obtain the occupation dynamics which provides insight on the\npopulation of states.",
        "positive": "A Collision Operator for Describing Dissipation in Noncanonical Phase\n  Space: The phase space of a noncanonical Hamiltonian system is partially\ninaccessible due to dynamical constraints (Casimir invariants) arising from the\nkernel of the Poisson tensor. When an ensemble of noncanonical Hamiltonian\nsystems is allowed to interact, dissipative processes eventually break the\nphase space constraints, resulting in an equilibrium described by a\nMaxwell-Boltzmann distribution. However, the time scale required to reach\nMaxwell-Boltzmann statistics is often much longer than the time scale over\nwhich a given system achieves a state of thermal equilibrium. Examples include\ndiffusion in rigid mechanical systems, as well as collisionless relaxation in\nmagnetized plasmas and stellar systems, where the interval between binary\nCoulomb or gravitational collisions can be longer than the time scale over\nwhich stable structures are self-organized. Here, we focus on self-organizing\nphenomena over spacetime scales such that particle interactions respect the\nnoncanonical Hamiltonian structure, but yet act to create a state of\nthermodynamic equilibrium. We derive a collision operator for general\nnoncanonical Hamiltonian systems, applicable to fast, localized interactions.\nThis collision operator depends on the interaction exchanged by colliding\nparticles and on the Poisson tensor encoding the noncanonical phase space\nstructure, is consistent with entropy growth and conservation of particle\nnumber and energy, preserves the interior Casimir invariants, reduces to the\nLandau collision operator in the limit of grazing binary Coulomb collisions in\ncanonical phase space, and exhibits a metriplectic structure. We further show\nhow thermodynamic equilibria depart from Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics due to\nthe noncanonical phase space structure, and how self-organization and\ncollisionless relaxation in magnetized plasmas and stellar systems can be\ndescribed through the derived collision operator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large fluctuations of the first detected quantum return time: How long does it take a quantum particle to return to its origin? As shown\npreviously under repeated projective measurements aimed to detect the return,\nthe closed cycle yields a geometrical phase which shows that the average first\ndetected return time is quantized. For critical sampling times or when\nparameters of the Hamiltonian are tuned this winding number is modified. These\ndiscontinuous transitions exhibit gigantic fluctuations of the return time.\nWhile the general formalism of this problem was studied at length, the\nmagnitude of the fluctuations, which is quantitatively essential, remains\npoorly characterized. Here, we derive explicit expressions for the variance of\nthe return time, for quantum walks in finite Hilbert space. A classification\nscheme of the diverging variance is presented, for four different physical\neffects: the Zeno regime, when the overlap of an energy eigenstate and the\ndetected state is small and when two or three phases of the problem merge.\nThese scenarios present distinct physical effects which can be analyzed with\nthe fluctuations of return times investigated here, leading to a\ntopology-dependent time-energy uncertainty principle.",
        "positive": "Fixing the flux: A dual approach to computing transport coefficients: We present a method to compute transport coefficients in molecular dynamics.\nTransport coefficients quantify the linear dependencies of fluxes in\nnon-equilibrium systems subject to small external forcings. Whereas standard\nnon-equilibrium approaches fix the forcing and measure the average flux induced\nin the system driven out of equilibrium, a dual philosophy consists in fixing\nthe value of the flux, and measuring the average magnitude of the forcing\nneeded to induce it. A deterministic version of this approach, named Norton\ndynamics, was studied in the 1980s by Evans and Morris. In this work, we\nintroduce a stochastic version of this method, first developing a general\nformal theory for a broad class of diffusion processes, and then specializing\nit to underdamped Langevin dynamics, which are commonly used for molecular\ndynamics simulations. We provide numerical evidence that the stochastic Norton\nmethod provides an equivalent measure of the linear response, and in fact\ndemonstrate that this equivalence extends well beyond the linear response\nregime. This work raises many intriguing questions, both from the theoretical\nand the numerical perspectives."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Linear theory of unstable growth on rough surfaces: Unstable homoepitaxy on rough substrates is treated within a linear continuum\ntheory. The time dependence of the surface width $W(t)$ is governed by three\nlength scales: The characteristic scale $l_0$ of the substrate roughness, the\nterrace size $l_D$ and the Ehrlich-Schwoebel length $l_{ES}$. If $l_{ES} \\ll\nl_D$ (weak step edge barriers) and $l_0 \\ll l_m \\sim l_D \\sqrt{l_D/l_{ES}}$,\nthen $W(t)$ displays a minimum at a coverage $\\theta_{\\rm min} \\sim\n(l_D/l_{ES})^2$, where the initial surface width is reduced by a factor\n$l_0/l_m$. The r\\^{o}le of deposition and diffusion noise is analyzed. The\nresults are applied to recent experiments on the growth of InAs buffer layers\n[M.F. Gyure {\\em et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 81}, 4931 (1998)]. The overall\nfeatures of the observed roughness evolution are captured by the linear theory,\nbut the detailed time dependence shows distinct deviations which suggest a\nsignificant influence of nonlinearities.",
        "positive": "A critical lattice model for a Haagerup conformal field theory: We use the formalism of strange correlators to construct a critical classical\nlattice model in two dimensions with the \\emph{Haagerup fusion category}\n$\\mathcal{H}_3$ as input data. We present compelling numerical evidence in the\nform of finite entanglement scaling to support a Haagerup conformal field\ntheory (CFT) with central charge $c=2$. Generalized twisted CFT spectra are\nnumerically obtained through exact diagonalization of the transfer matrix and\nthe conformal towers are separated in the spectra through their identification\nwith the topological sectors. It is further argued that our model can be\nobtained through an orbifold procedure from a larger lattice model with input\n$Z(\\mathcal{H}_3)$, which is the simplest modular tensor category that does not\nadmit an algebraic construction. This provides a counterexample for the\nconjecture that all rational CFT can be constructed from standard methods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Differences in the scaling laws of canonical and microcanonical\n  coarsening dynamics for long-range interacting systems: We investigate the effects of Hamiltonian and Langevin microscopic dynamics\non the growth laws of domains in coarsening. Using a one-dimensional class of\ngeneralized $\\phi^4$ models with power-law decaying interactions, we show that\nthe two dynamics exhibit scaling regimes characterized by different scaling\nlaws for the coarsening dynamics. For Langevin dynamics, it concurs with the\nexponent of defect dynamics, while Hamiltonian dynamics reveals new scaling\nlaws with distinct early-time and a late-time regimes. This new behaviour can\nbe understood as an effect of energy conservation, which induces a coupling\nbetween the dynamics of the local temperature field and of the order parameter.",
        "positive": "Zero-Temperature Coarsening in the 2d Potts Model: We study the fate of the 2d kinetic q-state Potts model after a sudden quench\nto zero temperature. Both ground states and complicated static states are\nreached with non-zero probabilities. These outcomes resemble those found in the\nquench of the 2d Ising model; however, the variety of static states in the\nq-state Potts model (with q>=3) is much richer than in the Ising model, where\nstatic states are either ground or stripe states. Another possibility is that\nthe system gets trapped on a set of equal-energy blinker states where a subset\nof spins can flip ad infinitum; these states are similar to those found in the\nquench of the 3d Ising model. The evolution towards the final energy is also\nunusual---at long times, sudden and massive energy drops may occur that are\naccompanied by macroscopic reordering of the domain structure. This\nindeterminacy in the zero-temperature quench of the kinetic Potts model is at\nodds with basic predictions from the theory of phase-ordering kinetics. We also\npropose a continuum description of coarsening with more than two equivalent\nground states. The resulting time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations reproduce\nthe complex cluster patterns that arise in the quench of the kinetic Potts\nmodel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological thermalization via vortex formation in ultra-fast quenches: We investigate the thermalization of a two-component scalar field across a\nsecond-order phase transition under extremely fast quenches. We find that\nvortices start developing at the final temperature of the quench, i.e., below\nthe critical point. Specifically, we find that vortices emerge once the\nfluctuating field departures from its symmetric state and evolves towards a\nmetastable and inhomogenous configuration. The density of primordial vortices\nat the relaxation time is a decreasing function of the final temperature of the\nquench. Subsequently, vortices and antivortices annihilate at a rate that\neventually determines the total thermalization time. This rate decreases if the\ntheory contains a discrete anisotropy, which otherwise leaves the primordial\nvortex density unaffected. Our results thus establish a link between the\ntopological processes involved in the vortex dynamics and the delay in the\nthermalization of the system.",
        "positive": "Non-Gaussian Normal Diffusion in a Fluctuating Corrugated Channel: A Brownian particle floating in a narrow corrugated (sinusoidal) channel with\nfluctuating cross section exhibits non-Gaussian normal diffusion. Its\ndisplacements are distributed according to a Gaussian law for very short and\nasymptotically large observation times, whereas a robust exponential\ndistribution emerges for intermediate observation times of the order of the\nchannel fluctuation correlation time. For intermediate to large observation\ntimes the particle undergoes normal diffusion with one and the same effective\ndiffusion constant. These results are analytically interpreted without having\nrecourse to heuristic assumptions. Such a simple model thus reproduces recent\nexperimental and numerical observations obtained by investigating complex\nbiophysical systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum quenches in 1+1 dimensional conformal field theories: We review the imaginary time path integral approach to the quench dynamics of\nconformal field theories. We show how this technique can be applied to the\ndetermination of the time dependence of correlation functions and entanglement\nentropy for both global and local quenches. We also briefly review other quench\nprotocols. We carefully discuss the limits of applicability of these results to\nrealistic models of condensed matter and cold atoms.",
        "positive": "Dissipative Quantum Systems and the Heat Capacity Enigma: We present a detailed study of the quantum dissipative dynamics of a charged\nparticle in a magnetic field. Our focus of attention is the effect of\ndissipation on the low- and high-temperature behavior of the specific heat at\nconstant volume. After providing a brief overview of two distinct approaches to\nthe statistical mechanics of dissipative quantum systems, viz., the ensemble\napproach of Gibbs and the quantum Brownian motion approach due to Einstein, we\npresent exact analyses of the specific heat. While the low-temperature\nexpressions for the specific heat, based on the two approaches, are in\nconformity with power-law temperature-dependence, predicted by the third law of\nthermodynamics, and the high-temperature expressions are in agreement with the\nclassical equipartition theorem, there are surprising differences between the\ndependencies of the specific heat on different parameters in the theory, when\ncalculations are done from these two distinct methods. In particular, we find\npuzzling influences of boundary-confinement and the bath-induced spectral\ncutoff frequency. Further, when it comes to the issue of approach to\nequilibrium, based on the Einstein method, the way the asymptotic limit (time\ngoing to infinity) is taken, seems to assume significance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computation of the chemical potential and solubility of amorphous solids: Using a recently developed technique to estimate the equilibrium free energy\nof glassy materials, we explore if equilibrium simulation methods can be used\nto estimate the solubility of amorphous solids. As an illustration, we compute\nthe chemical potentials of the constituent particles of a two-component\nKob-Andersen model glass former. To compute the chemical potential for\ndifferent components, we combine the calculation of the overall free energy of\nthe glass with a calculation of the chemical potential difference of the two\ncomponents. We find that the standard method to compute chemical potential\ndifferences by thermodynamic integration yields not only a wide scatter in the\nchemical potential values but, more seriously, the average of the thermodynamic\nintegration results is well above the extrapolated value for the supercooled\nliquid. However, we find that if we compute the difference of the chemical\npotential of the components with the the non-equilibrium free energy expression\nproposed by Jarzynski, we obtain a good match with the extrapolated value of\nthe supercooled liquid. The extension of the Jarzynski method that we propose\nopens a potentially powerful route to compute free-energy related equilibrium\nproperties of glasses. We find that the solubility estimate of amorphous\nmaterials obtained from direct coexistence simulations is only in fair\nagreement with the solubility prediction based on the chemical potential\ncalculations of a hypothetical \"well-equilibrated glass\". In direct coexistence\nsimulations, we find that, in qualitative agreement with experiments, the\namorphous solubility decreases with time and attains a low solubility value.",
        "positive": "Persistence in an antiferromagnetic Ising model with conserved\n  magnetisation: We obtain the persistence exponents for an antiferromagnetic Ising system in\nwhich the magnetisation is kept constant. This system belongs to Model C\n(system with non-conserved order parameter with a conserved density) and is\nexpected to have persistence exponents different from that of Model A (system\nwith no conservation) but independent of the conserved density. Our numerical\nresults for both local persistence at zero temperature and global persistence\nat the critical temperature however indicate that the exponents are dependent\non the conserved magnetisation in both two and three dimensions. This\nnonuniversal feature is attributed to the presence of the conserved field and\nis special to the persistence phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum anharmonic oscillator and its statistical properties in the\n  first quantization scheme: A family of quantum anharmonic oscillators is studied in any finite spatial\ndimension in the scheme of first quantization and the investigation of their\neigenenergies is presented. The statistical properties of the calculated\neigenenergies are compared with the theoretical predictions inferred from the\nRandom Matrix theory. Conclusions are derived.",
        "positive": "Universal scaling for the jamming transition: The existence of universal scaling in the vicinity of the jamming transition\nof sheared granular materials is predicted by a phenomenology. The critical\nexponents are explicitly determined, which are independent of the spatial\ndimension. The validity of the theory is verified by the molecular dynamics\nsimulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A path integral approach to the dynamics of random chains: In this work the dynamics of a freely jointed random chain with small masses\nattached to the joints is studied from a microscopic point of view. The chain\nis treated using a stringy approach, in which a statistical sum is performed\nover all two dimensional trajectories spanned by the chain during its\nfluctuations. In the limit in which the chain becomes a continuous curve, the\nprobability function for such a system coincides with the partition function of\na generalized nonlinear sigma model. The cases of open or closed chains in two\nand three dimensions are discussed. In three dimensions it is possible also to\nintroduce some rigidity at the joints, allowing the segments of the chain to\ntake only particular angles with respect to a given direction.",
        "positive": "Cluster Derivation of the Parisi Scheme for Disordered Systems: We propose a general quantitative scheme in which systems are given the\nfreedom to sacrifice energy equi-partitioning on the relevant time-scales of\nobservation, and have phase transitions by separating autonomously into ergodic\nsub-systems (clusters) with different characteristic time-scales and\ntemperatures. The details of the break-up follow uniquely from the requirement\nof zero entropy for the slower cluster. Complex systems, such as the\nSherrington-Kirkpatrick model, are found to minimise their free energy by\nspontaneously decomposing into a hierarchy of ergodically equilibrating degrees\nof freedom at different (effective) temperatures. This leads exactly and\nuniquely to Parisi's replica symmetry breaking scheme. Our approach, which is\nsomewhat akin to an earlier one by Sompolinsky, gives new insight into the\nphysical interpretation of the Parisi scheme and its relations with other\napproaches, numerical experiments, and short range models. Furthermore, our\napproach shows that the Parisi scheme can be derived quantitatively and\nuniquely from plausible physical principles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scale-free networks with an exponent less than two: We study scale free simple graphs with an exponent of the degree distribution\n$\\gamma$ less than two. Generically one expects such extremely skewed networks\n-- which occur very frequently in systems of virtually or logically connected\nunits -- to have different properties than those of scale free networks with\n$\\gamma>2$: The number of links grows faster than the number of nodes and they\nnaturally posses the small world property, because the diameter increases by\nthe logarithm of the size of the network and the clustering coefficient is\nfinite. We discuss a simple prototype model of such networks, inspired by real\nworld phenomena, which exhibits these properties and allows for a detailed\nanalytical investigation.",
        "positive": "Local resetting with geometric confinement: \"Local resetting\" was recently introduced to describe stochastic resetting in\ninteracting systems where particles independently try to reset to a common\n\"origin\". Our understanding of such systems, where the resetting process is\nitself affected by interactions, is still very limited. One ubiquitous\nconstraint that is often imposed on the dynamics of interacting particles is\ngeometric confinement, e.g. restricting rigid spherical particles to a channel\nso narrow that overtaking becomes difficult. We here explore the interplay\nbetween local resetting and geometric confinement in a system consisting of two\nspecies of diffusive particles: \"bath\" particles, and \"tracers\" which undergo\nlocal resetting. Mean-field analysis and numerical simulations show that the\nresetting tracers, whose stationary density profile exhibits a typical\n\"tent-like\" shape, imprint this shape onto the bath density profile. Upon\nvarying the ratio of the degree of geometric confinement over particle\ndiffusivity, the system is found to transition between two states. In one\ntracers expel bath particles away from the origin, while in the other they\nensnare them instead. Between these two states, we find a special case where\nthe mean field approximation becomes exact."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous coarsening and glassy dynamics: An overview of the related topics of anomalous coarsening and glassy dynamics\nis given. In anomalous coarsening, the typical domain size of an ordered phase\ngrows more slowly with time than the power law dependence that is usually\nobserved, for example, in magnetic systems. We discuss how anomlaous coarsening\nmay arise through domain-size dependent energy barriers in the coarsening\nprocess. We also review the phenomenology of glassy dynamics and discuss how\nsimple nonequilibrium models may be used to reproduce certain aspects of the\nphenomenology. In particular, models involving dynamical constraints that give\nrise to anomalous coarsening are considered. Two models, the Asymmetric\nConstrained Ising Chain and the ABC model, are discussed in detail with\nemphasis on how the large energy barriers to coarsening arise through the local\ndynamical constraints. Finally, the relevance of models exhibiting anomalous\ncoarsening to glassy systems is discussed in a wider context.",
        "positive": "Riemann metric approach to optimal sampling of multidimensional\n  free-energy landscapes: Exploring the free-energy landscape along reaction coordinates or system\nparameters $\\lambda$ is central to many studies of high-dimensional model\nsystems in physics, e.g. large molecules or spin glasses. In simulations this\nusually requires sampling conformational transitions or phase transitions, but\nefficient sampling is often difficult to attain due to the roughness of the\nenergy landscape. For Boltzmann distributions, crossing rates decrease\nexponentially with free-energy barrier heights. Thus, exponential acceleration\ncan be achieved in simulations by applying an artificial bias along $\\lambda$\ntuned such that a flat target distribution is obtained. A flat distribution is\nhowever an ambiguous concept unless a proper metric is used, and is generally\nsuboptimal. Here we propose a multidimensional Riemann metric, which takes the\nlocal diffusion into account, and redefine uniform sampling such that it is\ninvariant under nonlinear coordinate transformations. We use the metric in\ncombination with the accelerated weight histogram method, a free-energy\ncalculation and sampling method, to adaptively optimize sampling toward the\ntarget distribution prescribed by the metric. We demonstrate that for complex\nproblems, such as molecular dynamics simulations of DNA base-pair opening,\nsampling uniformly according to the metric, which can be calculated without\nsignificant computational overhead, improves sampling efficiency by 50-70%."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase lines in mean-field models with nonuniform external forces: We look at the influence of external fields on systems described by generic\nfree energy functional of the order parameter. The external force may have\narbitrary spatial dependence, and the order parameter coupling may be\nnonlinear. The treatment generalizes seemingly disparate works, such as pure\nfluids, liquid and polymer mixtures, lipid monolayers, and colloidal\nsuspensions in electric fields, fluids and nematics in gravity, solutions in an\nultracentrifuge, and liquid mixtures in laser radiation. The phase lines and\nthermodynamic behavior are calculated at the mean-field level. We find a\n``surface'' critical point that can be shifted to higher or lower temperatures\nthan the bulk critical point. Below this point, the transition from a ``gas''\nphase to a ``liquid'' phase is first-order, while above it, the transition is\nsecond-order. The second-order line is affected by the spatial dependence of\nthe force, while the first-order line is universal. Moreover, the\nsusceptibility may diverge at a finite location ${\\bf r}$. Several analytical\nexpressions are given in the limit where a Landau expansion of the free energy\nis valid.",
        "positive": "Exact projector Hamiltonian, local integrals of motion, and many-body\n  localization with topological order: In this work, we construct an exact projector Hamiltonian with interactions,\nwhich is given by a sum of mutually commuting operators called stabilizers. The\nmodel is based on the recently studied Creutz-ladder of fermions, in which\nflat-band structure and strong localization are realized. These stabilizers are\nlocal integrals of motion from which many-body localization (MBL) is realized.\nAll energy eigenstates are explicitly obtained even in the presence of local\ndisorders. All states are MBL states, that is, this system is a full many-body\nlocalized (FMBL) system. We show that this system has a topological order and\nstable gapless edge modes exist under the open boundary condition. By the\nnumerical study, we investigate stability of the FMBL and topological order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement entropy in a periodically driven quantum Ising chain: We numerically study the dynamics of entanglement entropy, induced by an\noscillating time periodic driving of the transverse field, h(t), of a\none-dimensional quantum Ising chain. We consider several realizations of h(t),\nand we find a number of results in analogy with entanglement entropy dynamics\ninduced by a sudden quantum quench. After short-time relaxation, the dynamics\nof entanglement entropy synchronises with h(t), displaying an oscillatory\nbehaviour at the frequency of the driving. Synchronisation in the dynamics of\nentanglement entropy, is spoiled by the appearance of quasi-revivals which fade\nout in the thermodynamic limit, and which we interpret using a quasi-particle\npicture adapted to periodic drivings. Taking the time-average of the\nentanglement entropy in the synchronised regime, we find that it obeys a volume\nlaw scaling with the subsystem's size. Such result is reminiscent of a thermal\nstate or of a Generalised Gibbs ensemble of a quenched Ising chain, although\nthe system does not heat up towards infinite temperature as a consequence of\nthe integrability of the model.",
        "positive": "Fokker-Planck approach to non-Gaussian normal diffusion: Hierarchical\n  dynamics for diffusing diffusivity: A theoretical framework is developed for the phenomenon of non-Gaussian\nnormal diffusion that has experimentally been observed in several heterogeneous\nsystems. From the Fokker-Planck equation with the dynamical structure with\nlargely separated time scales, a set of three equations are derived for the\nfast degree of freedom, the slow degree of freedom and the coupling between\nthese two hierarchies. It is shown that this approach consistently describes\n\"diffusing diffusivity\" and non-Gaussian normal diffusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cooperative jump motions of jammed particles in a one-dimensional\n  periodic potential: Cooperative jump motions are studied for mutually interacting particles in a\none-dimensional periodic potential. The diffusion constant for the cooperative\nmotion in systems including a small number of particles is numerically\ncalculated and it is compared with theoretical estimates. We find that the size\ndistribution of the cooperative jump motions obeys an exponential law in a\nlarge system.",
        "positive": "Characterization of the Melting Transition in Two Dimensions at\n  Vanishing External Pressure Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations: A molecular dynamics study of a two dimensional system of particles\ninteracting through a Lennard-Jones pairwise potential is performed at fixed\ntemperature and vanishing external pressure. As the temperature is increased, a\nsolid-to-liquid transition occurs. When the melting temperature $T_c$ is\napproached from below, there is a proliferation of dislocation pairs and the\nelastic constant approaches the value predicted by the KTHNY theory. In\naddition, as $T_c$ is approached from above, the relaxation time increases,\nconsistent with an approach to criticality. However, simulations fail to\nproduce a stable hexatic phase using systems with up to 90,000 particles. A\nsignificant jump in enthalpy at $T_c$ is observed, consistent with either a\nfirst order or a continuous transition. The role of external pressure is\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to \"Comment on `R\u00e9nyi entropy yields artificial biases not in\n  the data and incorrect updating due to the finite-size data' \": We reply to the Comment by Jizba and Korbel [arXiv:1905.00729v1] by first\npointing out that the Schur-concavity proposed by them falls short of\nidentifying the correct intervals of normalization for the optimum probability\ndistribution even though normalization is a must ingredient in the entropy\nmaximization procedure. Secondly, their treatment of the subset independence\naxiom requires a modification of the Lagrange multipliers one begins with\nthereby rendering the optimization less trustworthy. We also explicitly\ndemonstrate that the R\\'enyi entropy violates the subset independence axiom and\ncompare it with the Shannon entropy. Thirdly, the new composition rule offered\nby Jizba and Korbel are shown to yield probability distributions even without a\nneed for the entropy maximization procedure at the expense of creating\nartificial bias in the data.",
        "positive": "Renormalizing Sznajd model on complex networks taking into account the\n  effects of growth mechanisms: We present a renormalization approach to solve the Sznajd opinion formation\nmodel on complex networks. For the case of two opinions, we present an\nexpression of the probability of reaching consensus for a given opinion as a\nfunction of the initial fraction of agents with that opinion. The calculations\nreproduce the sharp transition of the model on a fixed network, as well as the\nrecently observed smooth function for the model when simulated on a growing\ncomplex networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Single-stage direct Langevin dynamic simulations of transitions over\n  arbitrary high energy barriers: Concept of the energy-dependent temperature: In this paper we present an algorithm which allows single-stage direct\nLangevin dynamics simulations of transitions over arbitrary high energy\nbarriers employing the concept of the energy-dependent temperature (EDT). In\nour algorithm, simulation time required for the computation of the\ncorresponding switching rate does not increase with energy barrier. This is\nachieved by using in simulations an effective temperature which depends on the\nsystem energy: around the energy minima this temperature is high and tends\ntowards the room temperature when the energy approaches the saddle point value.\nSwitching times computed via our EDT algorithm show an excellent agreement with\nresults obtained with the established forward flux sampling (FFS) method. As\nthe simulation time required by our method does not increase with the energy\nbarrier, we achieve a very large speedup when compared even to the highly\noptimized FFS version. In addition, our method does not suffer from stability\nproblems occurring in multi-stage algorithms (like FFS and 'energy bounce'\nmethods) due to the multiplication of a large number of transition\nprobabilities between the interfaces.",
        "positive": "Network Robustness: Detecting Topological Quantum Phases: Can the topology of a network that consists of many particles interacting\nwith each other change in complexity when a phase transition occurs? The answer\nto this question is particularly interesting to understand the nature of phase\ntransitions if the distinct phases do not break any symmetry, such as\ntopological phase transitions. Here we present a novel theoretical framework\nestablished by complex network analysis for demonstrating that across a\ntransition point of the topological superconductors, the network space\nexperiences a homogeneous-heterogeneous transition invisible in real space.\nThis transition is nothing but related to the robustness of a network to random\nfailures. We suggest that the idea of the network robustness can be applied to\ncharacterizing various phase transitions whether or not the symmetry is broken."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Master singular behavior from correlation length measurements for seven\n  one-component fluids near their gas-liquid critical point: We present the master (i.e. unique) behavior of the correlation length, as a\nfunction of the thermal field along the critical isochore, asymptotically close\nto the gas-liquid critical point of xenon, krypton, argon, helium 3, sulfur\nhexafluoride, carbon dioxide and heavy water. It is remarkable that this\nunicity extends to the correction-to-scaling terms. The critical parameter set\nwhich contains all the needed information to reveal the master behavior, is\ncomposed of four thermodynamic coordinates of the critical point and one\nadjustable parameter which accounts for quantum effects in the helium 3 case.\nWe use a scale dilatation method applied to the relevant physical variables of\nthe onecomponent fluid subclass, in analogy with the basic hypothesis of the\nrenormalization theory. This master behavior for the correlation length\nsatisfies hyperscaling. We finally estimate the thermal field extent, where the\ncritical crossover of the singular thermodynamic and correlation functions\ndeviate from the theoretical crossover function obtained from field theory.",
        "positive": "$T\\bar{T}$-deformed conformal field theories out of equilibrium: We consider the out-of-equilibrium transport in $T\\bar{T}$-deformed\n(1+1)-dimension conformal field theories (CFTs). The theories admit two\ndisparate approaches, integrability and holography, which we make full use of\nin order to compute the transport quantities, such as the the exact\nnon-equilibrium steady state currents. We find perfect agreements between the\nresults obtained from these two methods, which serve as the first checks of the\n$T\\bar{T}$-deformed holographic correspondence from the dynamical standpoint.\nIt turns out that integrability also allows us to compute the momentum\ndiffusion, which is given by a universal formula. We also remark on an\nintriguing connection between the $T\\bar{T}$-deformed CFTs and reversible\ncellular automata."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical manifold of the Potts model: Exact results and homogeneity\n  approximation: The $q$-state Potts model has stood at the frontier of research in\nstatistical mechanics for many years. In the absence of a closed-form solution,\nmuch of the past efforts have focused on locating its critical manifold,\ntrajectory in the parameter $\\{q, e^J\\}$ space where $J$ is the reduced\ninteraction, along which the free energy is singular. However, except in\nisolated cases, antiferromagnetic (AF) models with $J<0$ have been largely\nneglected. In this paper we consider the Potts model with AF interactions\nfocusing on deducing its critical manifold in exact and/or closed-form\nexpressions.\n  We first re-examine the known critical frontiers in light of AF interactions.\nFor the square lattice we confirm the Potts self-dual point to be the sole\ncritical point for $J>0$. We also locate its critical frontier for $J<0$ and\nfind it to coincide with a solvability condition observed by Baxter in 1982.\nFor the honeycomb lattice we show that the known critical point holds for {all}\n$J$, and determine its critical $q_c = \\frac 1 2 (3+\\sqrt 5) = 2.61803$ beyond\nwhich there is no transition. For the triangular lattice we confirm the known\ncritical point to hold only for $J>0$.\n  More generally we consider the centered-triangle (CT) and Union-Jack (UJ)\nlattices consisting of mixed $J$ and $K$ interactions, and deduce critical\nmanifolds under homogeneity hypotheses. For K=0 the CT lattice is the diced\nlattice, and we determine its critical manifold for all $J$ and find $q_c =\n3.32472$. For K=0 the UJ lattice is the square lattice and from this we deduce\nboth the $J>0$ and $J<0$ critical manifolds and find $q_c=3$ for the square\nlattice. Our theoretical predictions are compared with recent tensor-based\nnumerical results and Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions of fluids in heterogeneous pores: We study phase behaviour of a model fluid confined between two unlike\nparallel walls in the presence of long range (dispersion) forces. Predictions\nobtained from macroscopic (geometric) and mesoscopic arguments are compared\nwith numerical solutions of a non-local density functional theory. Two\ncapillary models are considered. For a capillary comprising of two\n(differently) adsorbing walls we show that simple geometric arguments lead to\nthe generalized Kelvin equation locating capillary condensation very\naccurately, provided both walls are only partially wet. If at least one of the\nwalls is in complete wetting regime, the Kelvin equation should be modified by\ncapturing the effect of thick wetting films by including Derjaguin's\ncorrection. Within the second model, we consider a capillary formed of two\ncompeting walls, so that one tends to be wet and the other dry. In this case,\nan interface localized-delocalized transition occurs at bulk two-phase\ncoexistence and a temperature $T^*(L)$ depending on the pore width $L$. A\nmean-field analysis shows that for walls exhibiting first-order wetting\ntransition at a temperature $T_{w}$, $T_{s}>T^*(L)>T_{w}$, where the spinodal\ntemperature $T_{s}$ can be associated with the prewetting critical point, which\nalso determines a critical pore width below which the interface\nlocalized-delocalized transition does not occur. If the walls exhibit critical\nwetting, the transition is shifted below $T_{w}$ and for a model with the\nbinding potential $W(\\ell)=A(T)\\ell^{-2}+B(T)\\ell^{-3}+\\cdots$, where $\\ell$ is\nthe location of the liquid-gas interface, the transition can be characterized\nby a dimensionless parameter $\\kappa=B/(AL)$, so that the fluid configuration\nwith delocalized interface is stable in the interval between $\\kappa=-2/3$ and\n$\\kappa\\approx-0.23$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One dimensional heat conductivity exponent from random collision model: We study numerically the thermal conductivity coefficient $\\kappa$ as a\nfunction of system length $L$ for several different quasi one dimensional\nmodels: classical gases of hard spheres with both longitudinal and transverse\ndegrees of freedom. We introduce a model that is ergodic and highly chaotic but\nalso conserves energy and momentum, and is very useful because it shows scaling\neven at small system sizes. We find that $\\kappa \\sim L^\\alpha$ over more than\ntwo decades, with $\\alpha$ very close to the analytical prediction of 1/3.",
        "positive": "Mean first passage time for a Markovian jumping process: We consider a Markovian jumping process with two absorbing barriers, for\nwhich the waiting-time distribution involves a position-dependent coefficient.\nWe solve the Fokker-Planck equation with boundary conditions and calculate the\nmean first passage time (MFPT) which appears always finite, also for the\nsubdiffusive case. Then, for the case of the jumping-size distribution in form\nof the L\\'evy distribution, we determine the probability density distributions\nand MFPT by means of numerical simulations. Dependence of the results on\nprocess parameters, as well as on the L\\'evy distribution width, is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation of N bosons IV: A simplified Bogoliubov master equation\n  analysis of fluctuations in an interacting Bose gas: A nonequilibrium master equation analysis for N interacting bosons, with\nBogoliubov quasiparticles as the reservoir is presented. The analysis is based\non a simplified Hamiltonian. The steady state solution yields the equilibrium\ndensity matrix. The results are in good agreement with and extend our previous\nrigorous canonical ensemble equilibrium statistical treatment leading to a\nquantum theory of the atom laser.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation Ratios in the Absence of Microscopic Time Reversibility: We study fluctuations in diffusion-limited reaction systems driven out of\ntheir stationary state. Using a numerically exact method, we investigate\nfluctuation ratios in various systems which differ by their level of violation\nof microscopic time reversibility. Studying a quantity that for an equilibrium\nsystem is related to the work done to the system, we observe that under certain\nconditions oscillations appear on top of an exponential behavior of transient\nfluctuation ratios. We argue that these oscillations encode properties of the\nprobability currents in state space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometric approach to nonequilibrium hasty shortcuts: Complex and even non-monotonic responses to external control can be found in\nmany thermodynamic systems. In such systems, non-equilibrium shortcuts can\nrapidly drive the system from an initial state to a desired final state. One\nexample is the Mpemba effect, where pre-heating a system allows a system to\ncool faster. We present nonequilibrium hasty shortcuts -- externally controlled\ntemporal protocols that rapidly steer a system from an initial steady state to\na desired final steady state. The term ``hasty'' indicates that the shortcut\nonly involves fast dynamics without relying on slow relaxations. We provide a\ngeometric analysis of such shortcuts in the space of probability distributions\nby using time-scale separation and eigenmode decomposition. We further identify\nthe necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of non-equilibrium\nhasty shortcuts in an arbitrary system. The geometric analysis within the\nprobability space sheds light on the possible features of a system that can\nlead to hasty shortcuts, which can be classified into different categories\nbased on their temporal pattern. We also find that the Mpemba-effect-like\nshortcuts only constitute a small fraction of the diverse categories of hasty\nshortcuts. This theory is validated and illustrated numerically in the\nself-assembly model inspired by viral capsid assembly processes.",
        "positive": "The full replica symmetry breaking in the Ising spin glass on random\n  regular graph: In this paper, we extend the full replica symmetry breaking scheme to the\nIsing spin glass on a random regular graph. We propose a new martingale\napproach, that overcomes the limits of the Parisi-M\\'ezard cavity method,\nproviding a well-defined formulation of the full replica symmetry breaking\nproblem in random regular graphs. Finally, we define the order parameters of\nthe system and get a set of self-consistency equations for the order parameters\nand the free energy. We face up the problem only from a technical point of\nview: the physical meaning of this approach and the quantitative evaluation of\nthe solution of the self-consistency equations will be discussed in next works."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comparison between Smoluchowski and Boltzmann approaches for\n  self-propelled rods: Considering systems of self-propelled polar particles with nematic\ninteractions (\"rods\"), we compare the continuum equations describing the\nevolution of polar and nematic order parameters, derived either from\nSmoluchowski or Boltzmann equations. Our main goal is to understand the\ndiscrepancies between the continuum equations obtained so far in both\nframeworks. We first show that in the simple case of point-like particles with\nonly alignment interactions, the continuum equations obtained have the same\nstructure in both cases. We further study, in the Smoluchowski framework, the\ncase where an interaction force is added on top of the aligning torque. This\nclarifies the origin of the additional terms obtained in previous works. Our\nobservations lead us to emphasize the need for a more involved closure scheme\nthan the standard normal form of the distribution when dealing with active\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Quantum Evolution of Open Systems: We apply the Liouville-von Neumann (LvN) approach to open systems to describe\nthe nonequilibrium quantum evolution. The Liouville-von Neumann approach is a\nunified method that can be applied to both time-independent (closed) and\ntime-dependent (open) systems and to both equilibrium and nonequilibrium\nsystems. We study the nonequilibrium quantum evolution of oscillator models for\nopen boson and fermion systems"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Domain wall roughening in dipolar films in the presence of disorder: We derive a low-energy Hamiltonian for the elastic energy of a N\\'eel domain\nwall in a thin film with in-plane magnetization, where we consider the\ncontribution of the long-range dipolar interaction beyond the quadratic\napproximation. We show that such a Hamiltonian is analogous to the Hamiltonian\nof a one-dimensional polaron in an external random potential. We use a replica\nvariational method to compute the roughening exponent of the domain wall for\nthe case of two-dimensional dipolar interactions.",
        "positive": "Disordered Hyperuniform Quasi-1D Materials: Carbon nanotubes are quasi-one-dimensional systems that possess superior\ntransport, mechanical, optical, and chemical properties. In this work, we\ngeneralize the notion of disorder hyperuniformity, a recently discovered exotic\nstate of matter with hidden long-range order, to quasi-one-dimensional\nmaterials. As a proof of concept, we then apply the generalized framework to\nquantify the density fluctuations in amorphous carbon nanotubes containing\nrandomly distributed Stone-Wales defects. We demonstrate that all of these\namorphous nanotubes are hyperuniform, i.e., the infinite-wavelength density\nfluctuations of these systems are completely suppressed, regardless of the\ndiameter, rolling axis, number of rolling sheets, and defect fraction of the\nnanotubes. We find that these amorphous nanotubes are energetically more stable\nthan nanotubes with periodically distributed Stone-Wales defects. Moreover,\ncertain semiconducting defect-free carbon nanotubes become metallic as\nsufficiently large amounts of defects are randomly introduced. This structural\nstudy of amorphous nanotubes strengthens our fundamental understanding of these\nsystems, and suggests possible exotic physical properties, as endowed by their\ndisordered hyperuniformity. Our findings also shed light on the effect of\ndimensionality reduction on the hyperuniformity property of materials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topology protects chiral edge currents in stochastic systems: Constructing systems that exhibit time-scales much longer than those of the\nunderlying components, as well as emergent dynamical and collective behavior,\nis a key goal in fields such as synthetic biology and materials self-assembly.\nInspiration often comes from living systems, in which robust global behavior\nprevails despite the stochasticity of the underlying processes. Here, we\npresent two-dimensional stochastic networks that consist of minimal motifs\nrepresenting out-of-equilibrium cycles at the molecular scale and support\nchiral edge currents in configuration space. These currents arise in the\ntopological phase due to the bulk-boundary correspondence and dominate the\nsystem dynamics in the steady-state, further proving robust to defects or\nblockages. We demonstrate the topological properties of these networks and\ntheir uniquely non-Hermitian features such as exceptional points and vorticity,\nwhile characterizing the edge state localization. As these emergent edge\ncurrents are associated to macroscopic timescales and length scales, simply\ntuning a small number of parameters enables varied dynamical phenomena\nincluding a global clock, dynamical growth and shrinkage, and synchronization.\nOur construction provides a novel topological formalism for stochastic systems\nand fresh insights into non-Hermitian physics, paving the way for the\nprediction of robust dynamical states in new classical and quantum platforms.",
        "positive": "Fractional processes: from Poisson to branching one: Fractional generalizations of the Poisson process and branching Furry process\nare considered. The link between characteristics of the processes, fractional\ndifferential equations and Levy stable densities are discussed and used for\nconstruction of the Monte Carlo algorithm for simulation of random waiting\ntimes in fractional processes. Numerical calculations are performed and limit\ndistributions of the normalized variable Z=N/<N> are found for both processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamics in long-range interacting systems with center-of-mass\n  conservation: In systems with a conserved density, the additional conservation of the\ncenter of mass (dipole moment) has been shown to slow down the associated\nhydrodynamics. At the same time, long-range interactions generally lead to\nfaster transport and information propagation. Here, we explore the competition\nof these two effects and develop a hydrodynamic theory for long-range\ncenter-of-mass-conserving systems. We demonstrate that these systems can\nexhibit a rich dynamical phase diagram containing subdiffusive, diffusive, and\nsuperdiffusive behaviors, with continuously varying dynamical exponents. We\ncorroborate our theory by studying quantum lattice models whose emergent\nhydrodynamics exhibit these phenomena.",
        "positive": "Classical critical behavior of spin models with long-range interactions: We present the results of extensive Monte Carlo simulations of Ising models\nwith algebraically decaying ferromagnetic interactions in the regime where\nclassical critical behavior is expected for these systems. We corroborate the\nvalues for the exponents predicted by renormalization theory for systems in\none, two, and three dimensions and accurately observe the predicted logarithmic\ncorrections at the upper critical dimension. We give both theoretical and\nnumerical evidence that above the upper critical dimension the decay of the\ncritical spin-spin correlation function in finite systems consists of two\ndifferent regimes. For one-dimensional systems our estimates for the critical\ncouplings are more than two orders of magnitude more accurate than existing\nestimates. In two and three dimensions we give, to our knowledge, the first\nresults for the critical couplings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Contact processes with long-range interactions: A class of non-local contact processes is introduced and studied using\nmean-field approximation and numerical simulations. In these processes\nparticles are created at a rate which decays algebraically with the distance\nfrom the nearest particle. It is found that the transition into the absorbing\nstate is continuous and is characterized by continuously varying critical\nexponents. This model differs from the previously studied non-local directed\npercolation model, where particles are created by unrestricted Levy flights. It\nis motivated by recent studies of non-equilibrium wetting indicating that this\ntype of non-local processes play a role in the unbinding transition. Other\nnon-local processes which have been suggested to exist within the context of\nwetting are considered as well.",
        "positive": "Threshold Phenomena under Photo Excitation of Spin-crossover Materials\n  with Cooperativity due to Elastic Interactions: Photo-induced switching from the low-spin state to the high-spin state is\nstudied in a model of spin-crossover materials, in which long-range\ninteractions are induced by elastic distortions due to different molecular\nsizes the two spin states. At a threshold value of the light intensity we\nobserve nonequilibrium critical behavior corresponding to a mean-field spinodal\npoint. Finite-size scaling of the divergence of the relaxation time is revealed\nby analysis of kinetic Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of roughening transitions in parity-conserving growth\n  processes: We investigate a class of parity-conserving solid-on-solid models which\ndescribe the growth of an interface by the deposition and evaporation of\ndimers. As a key feature of the models, evaporation of dimers takes place only\nat the edges of terraces, leading to a roughening transition between a smooth\nand a rough phase. We consider several variants of growth models in order to\nidentify universal and nonuniversal properties. Moreover, a parity-conserving\npolynuclear growth model is proposed. All variants display the same type of\nuniversal critical behavior at the roughening transition. Because of\nparity-conservation, the critical behavior at the first few layers can be\nexplained in terms of unidirectionally coupled branching annihilating random\nwalks with even number of offspring.",
        "positive": "Multistability in an unusual phase diagram induced by the competition\n  between antiferromagnetic-like short-range and ferromagnetic-like long-range\n  interactions: The interplay between competing short-range (SR) and long-range (LR)\ninteractions can cause nontrivial structures in phase diagrams. Recently,\nhorn-shaped unusual structures were found by Monte Carlo simulations in the\nphase diagram of the Ising antiferromagnet (IA) with infinite-range\nferromagnetic-like (F) interactions [Phys. Rev. B {\\bf 93}, 064109 (2016); {\\bf\n96}, 174428 (2017)], and also in an IA with LR interactions of elastic origin\nmodeling spin-crossover materials [Phys. Rev. B {\\bf 96}, 144425 (2017)]. To\nclarify the nature of the phases associated with the horn structures, we study\nthe phase diagram of the IA model with infinite-range F interactions by\napplying a variational free energy in a cluster mean-field (CMF) approximation.\nWhile the simple Bragg-Williams mean-field theory for each sublattice does not\nproduce a horn structure, we find such structures with the CMF method. This\nconfirms that the local thermal fluctuations enabled by the multisite clusters\nare essential for this phenomenon. We investigate in detail the structure of\nmetastable phases in the phase diagram. In contrast to the phase diagram\nobtained by the Monte Carlo studies, we find a triple point, at which\nferromagnetic-like, antiferromagnetic-like, and disordered phases coexist, and\nalso six tristable regions accompanying the horn structure. We also point out\nthat several characteristic endpoints of first-order transitions appear in the\nphase diagram. We propose three possible scenarios for the transitions related\nto the tristable regions. Finally, we discuss the relation between the triple\npoint in this phase diagram and that of a possible lattice-gas model, in which\nsolid, liquid, and gas phases can coexist."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium phases and domain growth kinetics of calamitic liquid\n  crystals: The anisotropic shape of calamitic LC particles results in distinct energy\nvalues when nematogens are placed side-by-side or end-to-end. The energy\nanisotropy governed by parameter K' has deep consequences on equilibrium &\nnon-equilibrium properties. Using GB model, which shows Nm & low temperature Sm\norder, we undertake large-scale MC & MD simulations to probe effect of K' on\nthe equilibrium phase diagram & the non-equilibrium domain growth following a\nquench in the temperature T (coarsening). There are 2 transitions in the model,\nI->Nm at Tc1 & Nm->Sm at Tc2<Tc1. K' decreases Tc1 significantly, but has\nrelatively little effect on Tc2. Domain growth in Nm phase exhibits the\nwell-known LAC law, L(t)~t^0.5 & evolution is via annihilation of string\ndefects. The system exhibits dynamical scaling that is also robust with respect\nto K'. We find that Sm phase at quench temperatures T (T>Tc1->T<Tc2) that we\nconsider has SmB order with a hexatic arrangement of the LC molecules in the\nlayers. Coarsening in this phase exhibits a striking two-time-scale scenario:\nfirst the LC molecules align & develop orientational order, followed by\nemergence of characteristic layering along with the hexatic\nbond-orientational-order within layers. Consequently, the growth follows the\nLAC law L(t)~t^0.5 at early times & then shows a sharp crossover to a slower\ngrowth regime at later times. Our observations strongly suggest L(t)~t^0.25 in\nthis regime. Interestingly, the correlation function shows dynamical scaling in\nboth the regimes & the scaling function is universal. The dynamics is also\nrobust with respect to changes in K', but the smecticity is more pronounced at\nlarger values. Further, the early-time dynamics is governed by string defects,\nwhile the late-time evolution is dictated by interfacial defects. We believe\nthis scenario is generic to Sm phase even with other kinds of local order\nwithin Sm layers.",
        "positive": "Pattern Formation Simulated by an Ising Machine: In a ferromagnetic Ising system, domain pattern formation, i.e.,\nphase-ordering, occurs after a sudden quench. We propose the method to simulate\nthe pattern formation dynamics by an Ising machine. We demonstrate that the\nmethod reproduces domain patterns similar to those simulated by the Monte Carlo\nmethod. Moreover, the same domain growth law is observed in the proposed method\nand the Monte Carlo method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On universality in aging ferromagnets: This work is a contribution to the study of universality in\nout-of-equilibrium lattice models undergoing a second-order phase transition at\nequilibrium. The experimental protocol that we have chosen is the following:\nthe system is prepared in its high-temperature phase and then quenched at the\ncritical temperature $T_c$. We investigated by mean of Monte Carlo simulations\ntwo quantities that are believed to take universal values: the exponent\n$\\lambda/z$ obtained from the decay of autocorrelation functions and the\nasymptotic value $X_\\infty$ of the fluctuation-dissipation ratio $X(t,s)$. This\nprotocol was applied to the Ising model, the 3-state clock model and the\n4-state Potts model on square, triangular and honeycomb lattices and to the\nAshkin-Teller model at the point belonging at equilibrium to the 3-state Potts\nmodel universality class and to a multispin Ising model and the Baxter-Wu model\nboth belonging to the 4-state Potts model universality class at equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Magnetization process of spin ice in a [111] magnetic field: Spin ice in a magnetic field in the [111] direction displays two\nmagnetization plateaux, one at saturation and an intermediate one with finite\nentropy. We study the crossovers between the different regimes from a point of\nview of (entropically) interacting defects. We develop an analytical theory for\nthe nearest-neighbor spin ice model, which covers most of the magnetization\ncurve. We find that the entropy is non-monotonic, exhibiting a giant spike\nbetween the two plateaux. This regime is described by a monomer-dimer model\nwith tunable fugacities. At low fields, we develop an RG treatment for the\nextended string defects, and we compare our results to extensive Monte Carlo\nsimulations. We address the implications of our results for cooling by\nadiabatic (de)magnetization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling of a collapsed polymer globule in 2D: Extensive Monte Carlo data analysis gives clear evidence that collapsed\nlinear polymers in two dimensions fall in the universality class of athermal,\ndense self-avoiding walks, as conjectured by B.Duplantier [Phys.Rev.Lett. 71,\n4274 (1993)]. However, the boundary of the globule has self affine roughness\nand does not determine the anticipated nonzero topological boundary\ncontribution to entropic exponents. Scaling corrections are due to subleading\ncontributions to the partition function corresponding to polymer configurations\nwith one end located on the globule-solvent interface.",
        "positive": "Kovacs-like memory effect in athermal systems: linear response analysis: We analyse the emergence of Kovacs-like memory effects in athermal systems\nwithin the linear response regime. This is done by starting from both the\nmaster equation for the probability distribution and the equations for the\nphysically relevant moments. The general results are applied to a general class\nof models with conserved momentum and non-conserved energy. Our theoretical\npredictions, obtained within the first Sonine approximation, show an excellent\nagreement with the numerical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hyperbolic versus parabolic equation with fractional derivative to\n  describe subdiffusion in a membrane system: We use the parabolic and hyperbolic equation with fractional time derivative\nto describe the subdiffusion in a system with thin membrane. We find the\nGreen's function and solutions of the equation for the system where the\nhomogeneous solution is separated by a thin membrane from the pure solvent. The\nsolutions were obtained for two boundary conditions where the ratio of the\nconcentrations at the membrane surfaces does not change in time and where the\nflux flowing through the membrane is proportional to the concentration\ndifference between membrane surfaces. We discuss the difference between the\nsolutions for parabolic and hyperbolic subdiffusion equations obtained for both\nboundary conditions.",
        "positive": "Multifractal returns and Hierarchical Portfolio Theory: We extend and test empirically the multifractal model of asset returns based\non a multiplicative cascade of volatilities from large to small time scales.\nThe multifractal description of asset fluctuations is generalized into a\nmultivariate framework to account simultaneously for correlations across times\nscales and between a basket of assets. The reported empirical results show that\nthis extension is pertinent for financial modelling. The second part of the\npaper applies this theory to portfolio optimisation. Our multi-scale\ndescription allows us to characterize the portfolio return distribution at all\ntime scales simultaneously. The portfolio composition is predicted to change\nwith the investment time horizon (i.e., the time scale) in a way that can be\nfully determined once an adequate measure of risk is chosen. We discuss the use\nof the fourth-order cumulant and of utility functions. While the portfolio\nvolatility can be optimized in some cases for all time horizons, the kurtosis\nand higher normalized cumulants cannot be simultaneously optimized. For a fixed\ninvestment horizon, we study in details the influence of the number of periods,\ni.e., of the number of rebalancing of the portfolio. For the large risks\nquantified by the cumulants of order larger than two, the number of periods has\na non-trivial influence, in contrast with Tobin's result valid in the\nmean-variance framework. This theory provides a fundamental framework for the\nconflicting optimization involved in the different time horizons and quantifies\nsystematically the trade-offs for an optimal inter-temporal portfolio\noptimization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tracer dynamics in one dimensional gases of active or passive particles: We consider one-dimensional systems comprising either active run-and-tumble\nparticles (RTPs) or passive Brownian random walkers. These particles are either\nnoninteracting or have hardcore exclusions. We study the dynamics of a single\ntracer particle embedded in such a system - this tracer may be either active or\npassive, with hardcore exclusion from environmental particles. In an active\nhardcore environment, both active and passive tracers show long-time\nsubdiffusion: displacements scale as $t^{1/4}$ with a density-dependent\nprefactor that is independent of tracer type, and differs from the\ncorresponding result for passive-in-passive subdiffusion. In an environment of\nnoninteracting active particles, the passive-in-passive results are recovered\nat low densities for both active and passive tracers, but transient caging\neffects slow the tracer motion at higher densities, delaying the onset of any\n$t^{1/4}$ regime. For an active tracer in a passive environment, we find more\ncomplex outcomes, which depend on details of the dynamical discretization\nscheme. We interpret these results by studying the density distribution of\nenvironmental particles around the tracer. In particular, sticking of\nenvironment particles to the tracer cause it to move more slowly in\nnoninteracting than in interacting active environments, while the anomalous\nbehaviour of the active-in-passive cases stems from a `snowplough' effect\nwhereby a large pile of diffusive environmental particles accumulates in front\nof a RTP tracer during a ballistic run.",
        "positive": "Persistence and dynamics in ANNNI chain: We investigate both the local and global persistence behaviour in ANNNI\n(axial next-nearest neighour Ising) model. We find that when the ratio $\\kappa\n$ of the second neighbour interaction to the first neighbour interaction is\nless than 1, $P(t)$, the probability of a spin to remain in its original state\nupto time $t$ shows a stretched exponential decay. For $\\kappa > 1$, $P(t)$ has\na algebraic decay but the exponent is different from that of the nearest\nneighbour Ising model. The global persistence behaviour shows similar features.\nWe also conduct some deeper investigations in the dynamics of the ANNNI model\nand conclude that it has a different dynamical behaviour compared to the\nnearest neighbour Ising model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Integration Methods, Infinite Swapping and the Calculation\n  of Generalized Averages: In the present paper we examine the risk-sensitive and sampling issues\nassociated with the problem of calculating generalized averages. By combining\nthermodynamic integration and Stationary Phase Monte Carlo techniques, we\ndevelop an approach for such problems and explore its utility for a\nprototypical class of applications.",
        "positive": "Top eigenvalue of a random matrix: large deviations and third order\n  phase transition: We study the fluctuations of the largest eigenvalue $\\lambda_{\\max}$ of $N\n\\times N$ random matrices in the limit of large $N$. The main focus is on\nGaussian $\\beta$-ensembles, including in particular the Gaussian orthogonal\n($\\beta=1$), unitary ($\\beta=2$) and symplectic ($\\beta = 4$) ensembles. The\nprobability density function (PDF) of $\\lambda_{\\max}$ consists, for large $N$,\nof a central part described by Tracy-Widom distributions flanked, on both\nsides, by two large deviations tails. While the central part characterizes the\ntypical fluctuations of $\\lambda_{\\max}$ -- of order ${\\cal O}(N^{-2/3})$ --,\nthe large deviations tails are instead associated to extremely rare\nfluctuations -- of order ${\\cal O}(1)$. Here we review some recent developments\nin the theory of these extremely rare events using a Coulomb gas approach. We\ndiscuss in particular the third-order phase transition which separates the left\ntail from the right tail, a transition akin to the so-called Gross-Witten-Wadia\nphase transition found in 2-d lattice quantum chromodynamics. We also discuss\nthe occurrence of similar third-order transitions in various physical problems,\nincluding non-intersecting Brownian motions, conductance fluctuations in\nmesoscopic physics and entanglement in a bipartite system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-uniform thermal magnetization noise in thin films: application to\n  GMR heads: A general scheme is developed to analyze the effect of non-uniform thermal\nmagnetization fluctuations in a thin film. The normal mode formalism is\nutilized to calculate random magnetization fluctuations. The magnetization\nnoise is proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the film\nvolume. The total noise power is the sum of normal mode spectral noises and\nmainly determined by spin-wave standing modes with an odd number of\noscillations. The effect rapidly decreases with increasing mode number. An\nexact analytical calcutaion is presented for a two-cell model.",
        "positive": "Entanglement and the fermion sign problem in auxiliary field quantum\n  Monte Carlo simulations: Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of fermions are hampered by the notorious\nsign problem whose most striking manifestation is an exponential growth of\nsampling errors with the number of particles. With the sign problem known to be\nan NP-hard problem and any generic solution thus highly elusive, the Monte\nCarlo sampling of interacting many-fermion systems is commonly thought to be\nrestricted to a small class of model systems for which a sign-free basis has\nbeen identified. Here we demonstrate that entanglement measures, in particular\nthe so-called Renyi entropies, can intrinsically exhibit a certain robustness\nagainst the sign problem in auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo approaches and\npossibly allow for the identification of global ground-state properties via\ntheir scaling behavior even in the presence of a strong sign problem. We\ncorroborate these findings via numerical simulations of fermionic quantum phase\ntransitions of spinless fermions on the honeycomb lattice at and below\nhalf-filling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Novel Quenched Disorder Fixed Point in a Two-Temperature Lattice Gas: We investigate the effects of quenched randomness on the universal properties\nof a two-temperature lattice gas. The disorder modifies the dynamical\ntransition rates of the system in an anisotropic fashion, giving rise to a new\nfixed point. We determine the associated scaling form of the structure factor,\nquoting critical exponents to two-loop order in an expansion around the upper\ncritical dimension d$_c=7$. The close relationship with another quenched\ndisorder fixed point, discovered recently in this model, is discussed.",
        "positive": "Steady-state thermodynamics of non-interacting transport beyond weak\n  coupling: We investigate the thermodynamics of simple (non-interacting) transport\nmodels beyond the scope of weak coupling. For a single fermionic or bosonic\nlevel -- tunnel-coupled to two reservoirs -- exact expressions for the\nstationary matter and energy current are derived from the solutions of the\nHeisenberg equations of motion. The positivity of the steady-state entropy\nproduction rate is demonstrated explicitly. Finally, for a configuration in\nwhich particles are pumped upwards in chemical potential by a downward\ntemperature gradient, we demonstrate that the thermodynamic efficiency of this\nprocess decreases when the coupling strength between system and reservoirs is\nincreased, as a direct consequence of the loss of a tight coupling between\nenergy and matter currents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Second Law and optimal protocols for nonequilibrium systems: A generalized version of the Maximum Work Theorem is valid when the system is\ninitially not at thermal equilibrium. In this work, we initially study the\nfraction of trajectories that violate this generalized theorem for a two simple\nsystems: a particle in a harmonic trap (i) whose centre is dragged with some\nprotocol, and (ii) whose stiffness constant changes as a function of time. We\nalso find the optimal protocol that minimizes the average change in total\nentropy. To our surprise, we find that optimization of protocol does not\nnecessarily entail maximum violation fraction.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation relations for anomalous dynamics generated by\n  time-fractional Fokker-Planck equations: Anomalous dynamics characterized by non-Gaussian probability distributions\n(PDFs) and/or temporal long-range correlations can cause subtle modifications\nof conventional fluctuation relations. As prototypes we study three variants of\na generic time-fractional Fokker-Planck equation with constant force. Type A\ngenerates superdiffusion, type B subdiffusion and type C both super- and\nsubdiffusion depending on parameter variation. Furthermore type C obeys a\nfluctuation-dissipation relation whereas A and B do not. We calculate\nanalytically the position PDFs for all three cases and explore numerically\ntheir strongly non-Gaussian shapes. While for type C we obtain the conventional\ntransient work fluctuation relation, type A and type B both yield deviations by\nfeaturing a coefficient that depends on time and by a nonlinear dependence on\nthe work. We discuss possible applications of these types of dynamics and\nfluctuation relations to experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise induced currents and reliability of transport in frictional\n  ratchets: We study the coherence of transport of an overdamped Brownian particle in\nfrictional ratchet system in the presence of external Gaussian white noise\nfluctuations. The analytical expressions for the particle velocity and\ndiffusion coefficient are derived for this system and the reliability or\ncoherence of transport is analysed by means of their ratio in terms of a\ndimensionless P$\\acute{e}$clet number. We show that the coherence in the\ntransport can be enhanced or degraded depending sensitively on the frictional\nprofile with respect to the underlying potential.",
        "positive": "Transport Anomalies and Marginal Fermi-Liquid Effects at a Quantum\n  Critical Point: The conductivity and the tunneling density of states of disordered itinerant\nelectrons in the vicinity of a ferromagnetic transition at low temperature are\ndiscussed. Critical fluctuations lead to nonanalytic frequency and temperature\ndependences that are distinct from the usual long-time tail effects in a\ndisordered Fermi liquid. The crossover between these two types of behavior is\nproposed as an experimental check of recent theories of the quantum\nferromagnetic critical behavior. In addition, the quasiparticle properties at\ncriticality are shown to be those of a marginal Fermi liquid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Functional RG approach to the Potts model: The critical behavior of the $(n+1)$-states Potts model in $d$-dimensions is\nstudied with functional renormalization group techniques. We devise a general\nmethod to derive $\\beta$-functions for continuos values of $d$ and $n$ and we\nwrite the flow equation for the effective potential (LPA) when instead $n$ is\nfixed. We calculate several critical exponents, which are found to be in good\nagreement with Monte Carlo simulations and $\\epsilon$-expansion results\navailable in the literature. In particular, we focus on Percolation $(n\\to0)$\nand Spanning Forest $(n\\to-1)$ which are the only non-trivial universality\nclasses in $d=4,5$ and where our methods converge faster.",
        "positive": "Statistical Physics of the Travelling Salesman Problem: If one places N cities on a continuum in an unit area, extensive numerical\nresults and their analysis (scaling, etc.) suggest that the best normalized\noptimal travel distance becomes 0.72 for the Euclidean metric and 0.92 for the\nManhattan metric. The analytic bounds, we discuss here, give 0.5 and 0.92 as\nthe lower and upper bounds for the Euclidean metric, and 0.64 and 1.17 for the\nManhattan metric. When the cities are randomly placed on a lattice with\nconcentration p, we find that the normalized optimal travel distance vary\nmonotonically with p. For p=1, the values in both Euclidean and Manhattan\nmetric are 1, and as p tends to zero, the values are 0.72 and 0.92 in the\nEuclidean and Manhattan metrics respectively.The problem is trivial for p=1 but\nit reduces to the continuum TSP as p tends to zero. We do not get any irregular\nbehaviour at any intermediate point, e.g., the percolation point. The crossover\nfrom the triviality to the NP- hard problem seems to occur at p<1."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crackling Noise, Power Spectra and Disorder Induced Critical Scaling: Crackling noise is observed in many disordered non-equilibrium systems in\nresponse to slowly changing external conditions. Examples range from Barkhausen\nnoise in magnets to acoustic emission in martensites to earthquakes. Using the\nnon-equilibrium random field Ising model, we derive universal scaling\npredictions for the dependence of the associated power spectra on the disorder\nand field sweep rate, near an underlying disorder-induced non-equilibrium\ncritical point. Our theory applies to certain systems in which the crackling\nnoise results from avalanche-like response to a (slowly) increasing external\ndriving force, and is characterized by a broad power law scaling regime of the\npower spectra. We compute the critical exponents and discuss the relevance of\nthe results to experiments.",
        "positive": "Three-Phase Traffic Theory and Highway Capacity: Hypotheses and some results of the three-phase traffic theory by the author\nare compared with results of the fundamental diagram approach to traffic flow\ntheory. A critical discussion of model results about congested pattern features\nwhich have been derived within the fundamental diagram approach to traffic flow\ntheory and modelling is made. The empirical basis of the three-phase traffic\ntheory is discussed and some new spatial-temporal features of the traffic phase\n\"synchronized flow\" are considered. A probabilistic theory of highway capacity\nis presented which is based on the three-phase traffic theory. In the frame of\nthis theory, the probabilistic nature of highway capacity in free flow is\nlinked to an occurrence of the first order local phase transition from the\ntraffic phase \"free flow\" to the traffic phase \"synchronized flow\". A numerical\nstudy of congested pattern highway capacity based on simulations of a KKW\ncellular automata model within the three-phase traffic theory is presented. A\ncongested pattern highway capacity which depends on features of congested\nspatial-temporal patterns upstream of a bottleneck is studied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlocal biased random walks and fractional transport on directed\n  networks: In this paper, we study nonlocal random walk strategies generated with the\nfractional Laplacian matrix of directed networks. We present a general approach\nto analyzing these strategies by defining the dynamics as a discrete-time\nMarkovian process with transition probabilities between nodes expressed in\nterms of powers of the Laplacian matrix. We analyze the elements of the\ntransition matrices and their respective eigenvalues and eigenvectors, the mean\nfirst passage times and global times to characterize the random walk\nstrategies. We apply this approach to the study of particular local and\nnonlocal ergodic random walks on different directed networks; we explore\ncirculant networks, the biased transport on rings and the dynamics on random\nnetworks. We study the efficiency of a fractional random walker with bias on\nthese structures. Effects of ergodicity loss which occur when a directed\nnetwork is not any more strongly connected are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Lagrangians for Statistical Dynamics: The concept of stochastic Lagrangian and its use in statistical dynamics is\nillustrated theoretically, and with some examples.\n  Dynamical variables undergoing stochastic differential equations are\nstochastic processes themselves, and their realization probability functional\nwithin a given time interval arises from the interplay between the\ndeterministic parts of dynamics and noise statistics. The stochastic Lagrangian\nis a tool to formulate realization probabilities via functional integrals, once\nthe statistics of noises involved in the stochastic dynamical equations is\nknown. In principle, it allows to highlight the invariance properties of the\nstatistical dynamics of the system. In this work, after a review of the\nstochastic Lagrangian formalism, some applications of it to physically relevant\ncases are illustrated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite temperature scaling theory for the collapse of Bose-Einstein\n  condensate: We show how to apply the scaling theory in an inhomogeneous system like\nharmonically trapped Bose condensate at finite temperatures. We calculate the\ntemperature dependence of the critical number of particles by a scaling theory\nwithin the Hartree-Fock approximation and find that there is a dramatic\nincrease in the critical number of particles as the condensation point is\napproached.",
        "positive": "Temperature profile of an assemblage of non-isothermic linear energy\n  converters: In this paper, a proposal is presented to determine the temperature profile\nobtained for an assemblage of non-isothermal linear energy converters (ANLEC)\npublished by Jimenez de Cisneros and Calvo Hernandez [1,2]. This is done\nwithout solving the Riccati's differential equation, needed by these authors to\nget the temperature profile. Instead of use Riccati's equation, we deduce a\nfirst order ordinary differential equation, through the introduction of the\nforce ratio $x_{D,I}$ of an ANLEC's machine-element which operates at some\noptimal regime. Additionally, we used the integration constant, that comes from\nthe solution of this differential equation, to deduce the general heat fluxes\nof the ANLEC and tuning the assamblage's operation as direct energy converter\nor inverse energy converter. The temperature profile will serve to obtain the\nenergetic behavior of a non-isothermal energy converter as heat engine, cooler\nor heat pump."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal exit probabilities in the TASEP: We study the joint exit probabilities of particles in the totally asymmetric\nsimple exclusion process (TASEP) from space-time sets of given form. We extend\nprevious results on the space-time correlation functions of the TASEP, which\ncorrespond to exits from the sets bounded by straight vertical or horizontal\nlines. In particular, our approach allows us to remove ordering of time moments\nused in previous studies so that only a natural space-like ordering of particle\ncoordinates remains. We consider sequences of general staircase-like boundaries\ngoing from the northeast to southwest in the space-time plane. The exit\nprobabilities from the given sets are derived in the form of Fredholm\ndeterminant defined on the boundaries of the sets. In the scaling limit, the\nstaircase-like boundaries are treated as approximations of continuous\ndifferentiable curves. The exit probabilities with respect to points of these\ncurves belonging to arbitrary space-like path are shown to converge to the\nuniversal Airy$_2$ process.",
        "positive": "Critical and Griffiths-McCoy singularities in quantum Ising spin-glasses\n  on d-dimensional hypercubic lattices: A series expansion study: We study the $\\pm J$ transverse-field Ising spin glass model at zero\ntemperature on d-dimensional hypercubic lattices and in the\nSherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model, by series expansions around the strong\nfield limit. In the SK model and in high-dimensions our calculated critical\nproperties are in excellent agreement with the exact mean-field results,\nsurprisingly even down to dimension $d = 6$ which is below the upper critical\ndimension of $d=8$. In contrast, in lower dimensions we find a rich singular\nbehavior consisting of critical and Griffiths-McCoy singularities. The\ndivergence of the equal-time structure factor allows us to locate the critical\ncoupling where the correlation length diverges, implying the onset of a\nthermodynamic phase transition. We find that the spin-glass susceptibility as\nwell as various power-moments of the local susceptibility become singular in\nthe paramagnetic phase $\\textit{before}$ the critical point. Griffiths-McCoy\nsingularities are very strong in two-dimensions but decrease rapidly as the\ndimension increases. We present evidence that high enough powers of the local\nsusceptibility may become singular at the pure-system critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Robust random search with scale-free stochastic resetting: A new model of search based on stochastic resetting is introduced, wherein\nrate of resets depends explicitly on time elapsed since the beginning of the\nprocess. It is shown that rate inversely proportional to time leads to\nparadoxical diffusion which mixes self-similarity and linear growth of the mean\nsquare displacement with non-locality and non-Gaussian propagator. It is argued\nthat such resetting protocol offers a general and efficient search-boosting\nmethod that does not need to be optimized with respect to the scale of the\nunderlying search problem (e.g., distance to the goal) and is not very\nsensitive to other search parameters. Both subdiffusive and superdiffusive\nregimes of the mean squared displacement scaling are demonstrated with more\ngeneral rate functions.",
        "positive": "Deformed exponentials and logarithms in generalized thermostatistics: Criteria are given that kappa-deformed logarithmic and exponential functions\nshould satisfy. With a pair of such functions one can associate another\nfunction, called the deduced logarithmic function. It is shown that generalized\nthermostatistics can be formulated in terms of kappa-deformed exponential\nfunctions together with the associated deduced logarithmic functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Fractal Space-filling Complex Network: We study in this work the properties of the $Q_{mf}$ network which is\nconstructed from an anisotropic partition of the square, the multifractal\ntiling. This tiling is build using a single parameter $\\rho$, in the limit of\n$\\rho \\to 1$ the tiling degenerates into the square lattice that is associated\nwith a regular network.\n  The $Q_{mf}$ network is a space-filling network with the following\ncharacteristics: it shows a power-law distribution of connectivity for $k>7$\nand it has an high clustering coefficient when compared with a random network\nassociated. In addition the $Q_{mf}$ network satisfy the relation $N \\propto\n\\ell^{d_f}$ where $\\ell$ is a typical length of the network (the average\nminimal distance) and $N$ the network size. We call $d_f$ the fractal dimension\nof the network. In tne limit case $\\rho \\to 1$ we have $d_{f} \\to 2$.",
        "positive": "The quasilinear theory in the approach of long-range systems to\n  quasi-stationary states: We develop a quasilinear theory of the Vlasov equation in order to describe\nthe approach of systems with long-range interactions to quasi-stationary\nstates. We derive a diffusion equation governing the evolution of the velocity\ndistribution of the system towards a steady state. This steady state is\nexpected to correspond to the angle-averaged quasi-stationary distribution\nfunction reached by the Vlasov equation as a result of a violent relaxation. We\ncompare the prediction of the quasilinear theory to direct numerical\nsimulations of the Hamiltonian Mean Field model, starting from an unstable\nspatially homogeneous distribution, either Gaussian or semi-elliptical. We find\nthat the quasilinear theory works reasonably well for weakly unstable initial\nconditions and that it is able to predict the energy marking the\nout-of-equilibrium phase transition between unmagnetized and magnetized\nquasi-stationary states. At energies lower than the out-of-equilibrium\ntransition the quasilinear theory works less well, the disagreement with the\nnumerical simulations increasing by decreasing the energy. In that case, we\nobserve, in agreement with our previous numerical study [A. Campa and P.-H.\nChavanis, Eur. Phys. J. B 86, 170 (2013)], that the quasi-stationary states are\nremarkably well fitted by polytropic distributions (Tsallis distributions) with\nindex $n=2$ (Gaussian case) or $n=1$ (semi-elliptical case). In particular,\nthese polytropic distributions are able to account for the region of negative\nspecific heats in the out-of-equilibrium caloric curve, unlike the Boltzmann\nand Lynden-Bell distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal shifts and intermittent linear response of aging systems: At time $t$ after an initial quench, an aging system responds to a\nperturbation turned on at time $ t_{\\rm w} < t$ in a way mainly depending on\nthe number of intermittent energy fluctuations, so-called quakes, which fall\nwithin the observation interval $(t_{\\rm w},t]$ [Sibani et al. Phys. Rev. B,\n74, 224407 and Eur. J. of Physics B, 58,483-491, 2007]. The temporal\ndistribution of the quakes implies a functional dependence of the average\nresponse on the ratio $t/t_{\\rm w}$. Further insight is obtained imposing small\ntemperature steps, so-called $T$-shifts. The average response as a function of\n$t/t_{\\rm w,eff}$, where $t_{\\rm w,eff}$ is the effective age, is similar to\nthe response of a system aged isothermally at the final temperature. Using an\nIsing model with plaquette interactions, the applicability of analytic formulae\nfor the average isothermal magnetization is confirmed. The $T$-shifted aging\nbehavior of the model is described using effective ages. Large positive shifts\nnearly reset the effective age. Negative $T$-shifts offer a more detailed probe\nof the dynamics. Assuming the marginal stability of the `current' attractor\nagainst thermal noise fluctuations, the scaling form $t_{\\rm w,eff} = t_{\\rm\nw}^x$, and the dependence of the exponent $x$ on the aging temperatures before\nand after the shift are theoretically available. The predicted form of $x$ has\nno adjustable parameters. Both the algebraic scaling of the effective age and\nthe form of the exponent agree with the data. The simulations thus confirm the\ncrucial r\\^{o}le of marginal stability in glassy relaxation.",
        "positive": "Statistical Physics of Vehicular Traffic and Some Related Systems: In the so-called \"microscopic\" models of vehicular traffic, attention is paid\nexplicitly to each individual vehicle each of which is represented by a\n\"particle\"; the nature of the \"interactions\" among these particles is\ndetermined by the way the vehicles influence each others' movement. Therefore,\nvehicular traffic, modeled as a system of interacting \"particles\" driven far\nfrom equilibrium, offers the possibility to study various fundamental aspects\nof truly nonequilibrium systems which are of current interest in statistical\nphysics. Analytical as well as numerical techniques of statistical physics are\nbeing used to study these models to understand rich variety of physical\nphenomena exhibited by vehicular traffic. Some of these phenomena, observed in\nvehicular traffic under different circumstances, include transitions from one\ndynamical phase to another, criticality and self-organized criticality,\nmetastability and hysteresis, phase-segregation, etc. In this critical review,\nwritten from the perspective of statistical physics, we explain the guiding\nprinciples behind all the main theoretical approaches. But we present detailed\ndiscussions on the results obtained mainly from the so-called\n\"particle-hopping\" models, particularly emphasizing those which have been\nformulated in recent years using the language of cellular automata."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The stumbling block of the Gibbs entropy: the reality of the negative\n  absolute temperatures: The second Tisza-Callen postulate of equilibrium thermodynamics states that\nfor any system exists a function of the system's extensive parameters, called\nentropy, defined for all equilibrium states and having the property that the\nvalues assumed by the extensive parameters in the absence of a constraint are\nthose that maximize the entropy over the manifold of constrained equilibrium\nstates. By analyzing the evolution of systems of positive and negative absolute\ntemperatures, we show that this postulate is satisfied by the Boltzmann formula\nfor the entropy and is violated by the Gibbs formula. Therefore the Gibbs\nformula is not a generally valid expression for the entropy.\n  Viceversa, if we assume, by reductio ad absurdum, that for some thermodynamic\nsystems the equilibrium state is determined by the Gibbs' prescription and not\nby Boltzmann's, this implies that such systems have macroscopic fluctuations\nand therefore do not reach thermodynamic equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Diffusion and first-passage characteristics on a dynamically evolving\n  support: We propose a generalized diffusion equation for a flat Euclidean space\nsubjected to a continuous infinitesimal scale transform. For the special cases\nof an algebraic or exponential expansion/contraction, governed by\ntime-dependent scale factors $a(t)\\sim t^\\lambda$ and $a(t)\\sim \\exp(\\mu t)$,\nthe partial differential equation is solved analytically and the asymptotic\nscaling behavior, as well as the dynamical exponents, are derived. Whereas in\nthe algebraic case the two processes (diffusion and expansion) compete and a\ncrossover is observed, we find that for exponential dynamics the expansion\ndominates on all time scales. For the case of contracting spaces, an algebraic\nevolution slows down the overall dynamics, reflected in terms of a new\neffective diffusion constant, whereas an exponential contraction neutralizes\nthe diffusive behavior entirely and leads to a stationary state. Furthermore,\nwe derive various first-passage properties and describe four qualitatively\ndifferent regimes of (strong) recurrent/transient behavior depending on the\nscale factor exponent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of the Percus-Yevick integral equation for fluid mixtures\n  of hard hyperspheres: Structural and thermodynamic properties of multicomponent hard-sphere fluids\nat odd dimensions have recently been derived in the framework of the rational\nfunction approximation (RFA) [Rohrmann and Santos, Phys. Rev. E \\textbf{83},\n011201 (2011)]. It is demonstrated here that the RFA technique yields the exact\nsolution of the Percus-Yevick (PY) closure to the Ornstein-Zernike (OZ)\nequation for binary mixtures at arbitrary odd dimensions. The proof relies\nmainly on the Fourier transforms $\\hat{c}_{ij}(k)$ of the direct correlation\nfunctions defined by the OZ relation. From the analysis of the poles of\n$\\hat{c}_{ij}(k)$ we show that the direct correlation functions evaluated by\nthe RFA method vanish outside the hard core, as required by the PY theory.",
        "positive": "Frustrated Blume-Emery-Griffiths model: A generalised integer S Ising spin glass model is analysed using the replica\nformalism. The bilinear couplings are assumed to have a Gaussian distribution\nwith ferromagnetic mean <J_ij> = Jo. Incorporation of a quadrupolar interaction\nterm and a chemical potential leads to a richer phase diagram with transitions\nof first and second order. The first order transition may be interpreted as a\nphase separation, and contrary to what has been argued previously, it persists\nin the presence of disorder. Finally, the stability of the replica symmetric\nsolution with respect to fluctuations in replica space is analysed, and the\ntransition lines are obtained both analytically and numerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The internal energy, the magnetization and the specific heat of the\n  Heisenberg XX chain at low temperatures: We derive power series expansions for the magnetization, the internal energy,\nand the specific heat of the Heisenberg XX chain that are valid at low\ntemperatures. The coefficients of the series obtained depend logarithmically on\nthe fugacity. It is shown that depending on whether the magnetic field exceeds\nor not the critical point, the effects of either the coupling of the spins and\nthe magnetic field can have different characters, as indicated by the different\npower laws established.",
        "positive": "Hamiltonian Derivations of the Generalized Jarzynski Equalities under\n  Feedback Control: In the presence of feedback control by \"Maxwell's demon,\" the second law of\nthermodynamics and the nonequilibrium equalities such as the Jarzynski equality\nneed to be generalized. In this paper, we derive the generalized Jarzynski\nequalities for classical Hamiltonian dynamics based on the Liouville's theorem,\nwhich is the same approach as the original proof of the Jarzynski equality\n[Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2690 (1997)]. The obtained equalities lead to the\ngeneralizations of the second law of thermodynamics for the Hamiltonian systems\nin the presence of feedback control."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal noise can facilitate energy transformation in the presence of\n  entropic barriers: Efficiency of a Brownian particle moving along the axis of a\nthree-dimensional asymmetric periodic channel is investigated in the presence\nof a symmetric unbiased force and a load. Reduction of the spatial\ndimensionality from two or three physical dimensions to an effective\none-dimensional system entails the appearance of entropic barriers and an\neffective diffusion coefficient. The energetics in the presence of entropic\nbarriers exhibits peculiar behavior which is different from that occurring\nthrough energy barriers. We found that even on the quasistatic limit there is a\nregime where the efficiency can be a peaked function of temperature, which\nindicates that thermal noise can facilitate energy transformation, contrary to\nthe case of energy barriers. The appearance of entropic barriers may induce\noptimized efficiency at a finite temperature.",
        "positive": "Critical exponents of the disorder-driven superfluid-insulator\n  transition in one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates: We investigate the nature of the superfluid-insulator quantum phase\ntransition driven by disorder for non-interacting ultracold atoms on\none-dimensional lattices. We consider two different cases: Anderson-type\ndisorder, with local energies randomly distributed, and pseudo-disorder due to\na potential incommensurate with the lattice, which is usually called the\nAubry-Andr\\'e model. A scaling analysis of numerical data for the superfluid\nfraction for different lattice sizes allows us to determine quantum critical\nexponents characterizing the disorder-driven superfluid-insulator transition.\nWe also briefly discuss the effect of interactions close to the non-interacting\nquantum critical point of the Aubry-Andr\\'e model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Search with home returns provides advantage under high uncertainty: Many search processes are conducted in the vicinity of a favored location,\ni.e., a home, which is visited repeatedly. Foraging animals return to their\ndens and nests to rest, scouts return to their bases to resupply, and drones\nreturn to their docking stations to recharge or refuel. Yet, despite its\nprevalence, very little is known about search with home returns as its analysis\nis much more challenging than that of unconstrained, free-range, search. Here,\nwe develop a theoretical framework for search with home returns. This makes no\nassumptions on the underlying search process and is furthermore suited to treat\ngeneric return and home-stay strategies. We show that the solution to the\nhome-return problem can then be given in terms of the solution to the\ncorresponding free-range problem---which not only reduces overall complexity\nbut also gives rise to a simple, and universal, phase-diagram for search. The\nlatter reveals that search with home returns outperforms free-range search in\nconditions of high uncertainty. Thus, when living gets rough, a home will not\nonly provide warmth and shelter but also allow one to locate food and other\nresources quickly and more efficiently than in its absence.",
        "positive": "Analytical study of tunneling times in flat histogram Monte Carlo: We present a model for the dynamics in energy space of multicanonical\nsimulation methods that lends itself to a rather complete analytic\ncharacterization. The dynamics is completely determined by the density of\nstates. In the \\pm J 2D spin glass the transitions between the ground state\nlevel and the first excited one control the long time dynamics. We are able to\ncalculate the distribution of tunneling times and relate it to the\nequilibration time of a starting probability distribution. In this model, and\npossibly in any model in which entering and exiting regions with low density of\nstates are the slowest processes in the simulations, tunneling time can be much\nlarger (by a factor of O(N)) than the equilibration time of the probability\ndistribution. We find that these features also hold for the energy projection\nof single spin flip dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-extensive random walks: The stochastic properties of variables whose addition leads to $q$-Gaussian\ndistributions $G_q(x)=[1+(q-1)x^2]_+^{1/(1-q)}$ (with $q\\in\\mathbb{R}$ and\nwhere $[f(x)]_+=max\\{f(x),0\\}$) as limit law for a large number of terms are\ninvestigated. These distributions have special relevance within the framework\nof non-extensive statistical mechanics, a generalization of the standard\nBoltzmann-Gibbs formalism, introduced by Tsallis over one decade ago.\nTherefore, the present findings may have important consequences for a deeper\nunderstanding of the domain of applicability of such generalization. Basically,\nit is shown that the random walk sequences, that are relevant to this problem,\npossess a simple additive-multiplicative structure commonly found in many\ncontexts, thus justifying the ubiquity of those distributions. Furthermore, a\nconnection is established between such sequences and the nonlinear diffusion\nequation $\\partial_t \\rho=\\partial^2_{xx}\\rho^\\nu$ ($\\nu\\neq1$).",
        "positive": "Breaking a one-dimensional chain: fracture in 1 + 1 dimensions: The breaking rate of an atomic chain stretched at zero temperature by a\nconstant force can be calculated in a quasiclassical approximation by finding\nthe localized solutions (\"bounces\") of the equations of classical dynamics in\nimaginary time. We show that this theory is related to the critical cracks of\nstressed solids, because the world lines of the atoms in the chain form a\ntwo-dimensional crystal, and the bounce is a crack configuration in (unstable)\nmechanical equilibrium. Thus the tunneling time, Action, and breaking rate in\nthe limit of small forces are determined by the classical results of Griffith.\nFor the limit of large forces we give an exact bounce solution that describes\nthe quantum fracture and classical crack close to the limit of mechanical\nstability. This limit can be viewed as a critical phenomenon for which we\nestablish a Levanyuk-Ginzburg criterion of weakness of fluctuations, and\npropose a scaling argument for the critical regime. The post-tunneling dynamics\nis understood by the analytic continuation of the bounce solutions to real\ntime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On subdiffusive continuous time random walks with stochastic resetting: We analyze two models of subdiffusion with stochastic resetting. Each of them\nconsists of two parts: subdiffusion based on the continuous-time random walk\n(CTRW) scheme and independent resetting events generated uniformly in time\naccording to the Poisson point process. In the first model the whole process is\nreset to the initial state, whereas in the second model only the position is\nsubject to resets. The distinction between these two models arises from the\nnon-Markovian character of the subdiffusive process. We derive exact\nexpressions for the two lowest moments of the full propagator, stationary\ndistributions, and first hitting times statistics. We also show, with an\nexample of a constant drift, how these models can be generalized to include\nexternal forces. Possible applications to data analysis and modeling of\nbiological systems are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Nonstandard entropy production in the standard map: We investigate the time evolution of the entropy for a paradigmatic\nconservative dynamical system, the standard map, for different values of its\ncontrolling parameter $a$. When the phase space is sufficiently ``chaotic''\n(i.e., for large $|a|$), we reproduce previous results. For small values of\n$|a|$, when the phase space becomes an intricate structure with the coexistence\nof chaotic and regular regions, an anomalous regime emerges. We characterize\nthis anomalous regime with the generalized nonextensive entropy, and we observe\nthat for values of $a$ approaching zero, it lasts for an increasingly large\ntime. This scenario displays a striking analogy with recent observations made\nin isolated classical long-range $N$-body Hamiltonians, where, for a large\nclass of initial conditions, a metastable state (whose duration diverges with\n$1/N\\to 0$) is observed before it crosses over to the usual, Boltzmann-Gibbs\nregime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Light-cone spreading of perturbations and the butterfly effect in a\n  classical spin chain: We find that localised perturbations in a chaotic classical many-body\nsystem-- the classical Heisenberg We find that the effects of a localised\nperturbation in a chaotic classical many-body system--the classical Heisenberg\nchain at infinite temperature--spread ballistically with a finite speed even\nwhen the local spin dynamics is diffusive. We study two complementary aspects\nof this butterfly effect: the rapid growth of the perturbation, and its\nsimultaneous ballistic (light-cone) spread, as characterised by the Lyapunov\nexponents and the butterfly speed respectively. We connect this to recent\nstudies of the out-of-time-ordered commutators (OTOC), which have been proposed\nas an indicator of chaos in a quantum system. We provide a straightforward\nidentification of the OTOC with a natural correlator in our system and\ndemonstrate that many of its interesting qualitative features are present in\nthe classical system. Finally, by analysing the scaling forms, we relate the\ngrowth, spread and propagation of the perturbation with the growth of\none-dimensional interfaces described by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation.",
        "positive": "Sufficient Condition for a Compact Local Minimality of a Lattice: We give a sufficient condition on a family of radial parametrized long-range\npotentials for a compact local minimality of a given $d$-dimensional Bravais\nlattice for its total energy of interaction created by each potential. This\nwork is widely inspired by the paper of F. Theil about two dimensional\ncrystallization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic phases in two-dimensional active matter: Active matter has been intensely studied for its wealth of intriguing\nproperties such as collective motion, motility-induced phase separation (MIPS),\nand giant fluctuations away from criticality. However, the precise connection\nof active materials with their equilibrium counterparts has remained unclear.\nFor two-dimensional (2D) systems, this is also because the experimental and\ntheoretical understanding of the liquid, hexatic, and solid equilibrium phases\nand their phase transitions is very recent. Here, we use self-propelled\nparticles with inverse-power-law repulsions (but without alignment\ninteractions) as a minimal model for 2D active materials. A kinetic Monte Carlo\n(MC) algorithm allows us to map out the complete quantitative phase diagram. We\ndemonstrate that the active system preserves all equilibrium phases, and that\nphase transitions are shifted to higher densities as a function of activity.\nThe two-step melting scenario is maintained. At high activity, a critical point\nopens up a gas-liquid MIPS region. We expect that the independent appearance of\ntwo-step melting and of MIPS is generic for a large class of two-dimensional\nactive systems.",
        "positive": "A unified quantum-classical theory of the thermal properties of ice,\n  liquid water and steam: The thermal properties of ice, liquid water and steam are at odds with\nstatistical theories applied to many-body systems. Here, these properties are\nquantitatively explained with a bulk-scale matter field emerging from the\nindefinite status of the microscopic constituents. Such a field is\ncharacterized by its symmetry in spacetime, its degree of degeneracy and its\neigenstates. There are several one-to-one correspondences bridging outcomes of\nclassical and quantum measurements. (i) The heat capacities are linked to the\nsymmetry of the field for each phase of water. (ii) The latent heats are linked\nto the change of the degree of degeneracy for each transition. (iii) The\ncritical temperatures are linked to the eigenstates of the potential operator.\nThe matter field leads to a complete representation of the phases of water,\nfree of hidden parameters and statistical ignorance"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hopping with time-dependent disorder: We determine the propagation properties of a quantum particle in a\nd-dimensional lattice with hopping disorder, delta-correlated in time. The\nsystem is delocalized: the averaged transition probability shows a diffusive\nbehavior. Then, superimposed to the disorder, we consider a bias favouring the\nmotion with a given orientation, as in the dynamics of flux lines in\nsuperconductors. The result is an effective Liouvillian for the density matrix,\nwhich is characterized by competition between single particle and pair hopping.\nIn this case the transition probability is determined in terms of excitonic\nmotion, each exciton being extended along the bias direction and characterized\nby a nontrivial dispersion law.",
        "positive": "Brownian dynamic simulation by reticular mapping matrix method: This work proposes a method for the two-dimensional simulation of Brownian\nparticles in a fluid with restrictions. The method is based on simple numerical\nrules between two matrices. One of the matrix represent the identification of\nall particles over which are adapted statistics rules for particles movement,\nthe results are mapped over other matrix which represent the particles\npositions. The rules for the movement are established by a statistic mechanism\nallowing assign random or non-random movement direction. The same probably of\nmovement for each direction for each time step is assumed, in order to be\nagreed with the physics conditions of Brownian movement in a two dimensional\nnetwork. The root mean square displacement of all particles was calculated in a\nlarge number of simulations, together with the translational velocity of\nparticles in order to compare with theoretical values of diffusion coefficient\nand the validation of model. Also, the time duration for some simulations vs.\nthe number of particles and concentration was calculated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Price of information in games of chance: We consider a game where $N$ players bet on the outcome of a biased coin and\nshare the entry fees pot if successful. We assume that one player holds\ninformation about past outcomes of the game, which they may either use\nexclusively to improve their betting strategy or offer to sell to another\nplayer. We determine analytically the optimal price curves for the data seller\nand the prospective buyer. We find a sharp transition in the number $N$ of\nplayers that separates a phase where the transaction is always profitable for\nthe seller from one where it may not be. In both phases, different regimes are\npossible, depending on the \"quality\" of information being put up for sale: we\nobserve symbiotic regimes, where both parties collude effectively to rig the\ngame in their favor, competitive regimes, where the transaction is unappealing\nto the data holder as it overly favors a competitor for scarce resources, and\neven prey-predator regimes, where the data holder is eager to give away\nbad-quality data to undercut a competitor. Our framework can be generalized to\nmore complex settings and constitutes a flexible tool to address the rich and\ntimely problem of pricing information in games of chance.",
        "positive": "Resetting of fluctuating interfaces at power-law times: What happens when the time evolution of a fluctuating interface is\ninterrupted with resetting to a given initial configuration after random time\nintervals $\\tau$ distributed as a power-law $\\sim \\tau^{-(1+\\alpha)};~\\alpha >\n0$? For an interface of length $L$ in one dimension, and an initial flat\nconfiguration, we show that depending on $\\alpha$, the dynamics as $L \\to\n\\infty$ exhibits a rich long-time behavior. Without resetting, the interface\nwidth grows unbounded with time as $t^\\beta$, where $\\beta$ is the so-called\ngrowth exponent. We show that introducing resetting induces for $\\alpha>1$ and\nat long times fluctuations that are bounded in time. Corresponding to such a\nstationary state is a distribution of fluctuations that is strongly\nnon-Gaussian, with tails decaying as a power-law. The distribution exhibits a\ncusp for small argument, implying that the stationary state is out of\nequilibrium. For $\\alpha<1$, resetting is unable to counter the otherwise\nunbounded growth of fluctuations in time, so that the distribution of\nfluctuations remains time dependent with an ever-increasing width even at long\ntimes. Although stationary for $\\alpha>1$, the width of the interface grows\nforever with time as a power-law for $1<\\alpha < \\alpha^{({\\rm w})}$, and\nconverges to a finite constant only for larger $\\alpha$, thereby exhibiting a\ncrossover at $\\alpha^{({\\rm w})}=1+2\\beta$. The time-dependent distribution of\nfluctuations for $\\alpha<1$ exhibits for small argument another interesting\ncrossover behavior, from cusp to divergence, across $\\alpha^{({\\rm\nd})}=1-\\beta$. We demonstrate these results by exact analytical results for the\nparadigmatic Edwards-Wilkinson (EW) dynamical evolution of the interface, and\nfurther corroborate our findings by extensive numerical simulations of\ninterface models in the EW and the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rowers coupled hydrodynamically. Modeling possible mechanisms for the\n  cooperation of cilia: We introduce a model system of stochastic entities, called 'rowers' which\ninclude some essentialities of the behavior of real cilia. We introduce and\ndiscuss the problem of symmetry breaking for these objects and its connection\nwith the onset of macroscopic, directed flow in the fluid. We perform a mean\nfield-like calculation showing that hydrodynamic interaction may provide for\nthe symmetry breaking mechanism and the onset of fluid flow. Finally, we\ndiscuss the problem of the metachronal wave in a stochastic context.",
        "positive": "Finite size scaling of the bayesian perceptron: We study numerically the properties of the bayesian perceptron through a\ngradient descent on the optimal cost function. The theoretical distribution of\nstabilities is deduced. It predicts that the optimal generalizer lies close to\nthe boundary of the space of (error-free) solutions. The numerical simulations\nare in good agreement with the theoretical distribution. The extrapolation of\nthe generalization error to infinite input space size agrees with the\ntheoretical results. Finite size corrections are negative and exhibit two\ndifferent scaling regimes, depending on the training set size. The variance of\nthe generalization error vanishes for $N \\rightarrow \\infty$ confirming the\nproperty of self-averaging."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Efficiency: Five Case Studies: Stochastic efficiency is evaluated in five case studies: driven Brownian\nmotion, effusion with a thermo-chemical and thermo-velocity gradient, a quantum\ndot and a model for information to work conversion. The salient features of\nstochastic efficiency, including the maximum of the large deviation function at\nthe reversible efficiency, are reproduced. The approach to and extrapolation\ninto the asymptotic time regime are documented.",
        "positive": "Quasi-stationary evolution of systems driven by particle evaporation: We study the quasi-stationary evolution of systems where an energetic\nconfinement is unable to completely retain their constituents. It is performed\nan extensive numerical study of a gas whose dynamics is driven by binary\nencounters and its particles are able to escape from the container when their\nkinetic energies overcome a given cutou Uc .We use a parametric family of\ndifferential cross sections in order to modify the effectiveness of this\nequilibration mechanism. It is verified that when the binary encounters favor\nan effective exploration of all accessible velocities, the quasi-stationary\nevolution is reached when the detailed balance is imposed for all those binary\ncollisions which do not provoke particle evaporation. However, the weakening of\nthis effectiveness leads to energy distribution functions which could be very\nwell fitted by using a Michie-King-like profile. We perform a theoretical\nanalysis, in the context of Hamiltonian systems driven by a strong chaotic\ndynamics and particle evaporation, in order to take into account the effect of\nthe nonhomogeneous character of the confining potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral Statistics of Non-Hermitian Matrices and Dissipative Quantum\n  Chaos: We propose a measure, which we call the dissipative spectral form factor\n(DSFF), to characterize the spectral statistics of non-Hermitian (and\nnon-Unitary) matrices. We show that DSFF successfully diagnoses dissipative\nquantum chaos, and reveals correlations between real and imaginary parts of the\ncomplex eigenvalues up to arbitrary energy (and time) scale. Specifically, we\nprovide the exact solution of DSFF for the GinUE and for a Poissonian random\nspectrum (Poisson) as minimal models of dissipative quantum chaotic and\nintegrable systems respectively. For dissipative quantum chaotic systems, we\nshow that DSFF exhibits an exact rotational symmetry in its complex time\nargument $\\tau$. Analogous to the spectral form factor (SFF) behaviour for GUE,\nDSFF for GinUE shows a ``dip-ramp-plateau'' behavior in $|\\tau|$: DSFF\ninitially decreases, increases at intermediate time scales, and saturates after\na generalized Heisenberg time which scales as the inverse mean level spacing.\nRemarkably, for large matrix size, the ``ramp'' of DSFF for GinUE increases\nquadratically in $|\\tau|$, in contrast to the linear ramp in SFF for Hermitian\nensembles. For dissipative quantum integrable systems, we show that DSFF takes\na constant value except for a region in complex time whose size and behavior\ndepends on the eigenvalue density. Numerically, we verify the above claims and\nshow that DSFF for real and quaternion real Ginibre ensembles coincides with\nthe GinUE behaviour except for a region in complex time plane of measure zero\nin the limit of large matrix size. As a physical example, we consider the\nquantum kicked top model with dissipation, and show that it falls under the\nGinibre universality class and Poisson as the `kick' is switched on or off.\nLastly, we study spectral statistics of ensembles of random classical\nstochastic matrices, and show that these models fall under the Ginibre\nuniversality class.",
        "positive": "Reply to Comment on Nonlocal quartic interactions and universality\n  classes in perovskite manganites: Comment [arXiv:cond-mat.stat.mech., 1602.02087v1 (2016)] has raised questions\nclaiming that the nonlocal model Hamiltonian presented in [Phys. Rev. E 92,\n012123 (2015)] is equivalent to the standard (short-ranged) \\Phi^4 theory.\nThese claims are based on a low momentum expansion of the interaction vertex\nthat cannot be applied to the vertex factors containing both low and high\nmomenta inside the loop-integrals. Elaborating upon the important steps of the\nmomentum shell decimation scheme, employed in the renormalization-group\ncalculation, we explicitly show the interplay of internal (high) and external\n(low) momenta determining the loop integrals for self-energy and vertex\nfunctions giving rise to corrections (to the bare parameters) different from\nthose of the standard (short-ranged) \\Phi^4 theory. Employing explicit\nmathematical arguments, we show that this difference persists when the range of\ninteraction is assumed to be long (short) ranged with respect to the lattice\nconstant (correlation-length), yielding the critical exponents as given in the\noriginal paper."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy and forecasting complexity of hidden Markov models, matrix\n  product states, and observable operator models: In a series of three papers, Jurgens and Crutchfield recently proposed a\nsupposedly novel method to compute entropies of hidden Markov models (HMMs),\ndiscussed in detail its relationship to iterated function systems, and applied\nit to compute their ``ambiguity rates\", a concept supposedly introduced by\nClaude Shannon. We point out that the basic formalism is not new (it is the\nwell known ``forward algorithm\" for HMMs), and that all three papers have also\nserious other faults.",
        "positive": "Adiabatic dynamics in a spin-1 chain with uniaxial single-spin\n  anisotropy: We study the adiabatic quantum dynamics of an anisotropic spin-1 XY chain\nacross a second order quantum phase transition. The system is driven out of\nequilibrium by performing a quench on the uniaxial single-spin anisotropy, that\nis supposed to vary linearly in time. We show that, for sufficiently large\nsystem sizes, the excess energy after the quench admits a non trivial scaling\nbehavior that is not predictable by standard Kibble-Zurek arguments for\nisolated critical points or extended critical regions. This emerges from a\ncompeting effect of many accessible low-lying excited states, inside the whole\ncontinuous line of critical points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple protocol for the probability weights of the simulated tempering\n  algorithm: applications to first-order phase transitions: The simulated tempering (ST) is an important method to deal with systems\nwhose phase spaces are hard to sample ergodically. However, it uses accepting\nprobabilities weights which often demand involving and time consuming\ncalculations. Here it is shown that such weights are quite accurately obtained\nfrom the largest eigenvalue of the transfer matrix -- a quantity\nstraightforward to compute from direct Monte Carlo simulations -- thus\nsimplifying the algorithm implementation. As tests, different systems are\nconsidered, namely, Ising, Blume-Capel, Blume-Emery-Griffiths and Bell-Lavis\nliquid water models. In particular, we address first-order phase transition at\nlow temperatures, a regime notoriously difficulty to simulate because the large\nfree-energy barriers. The good results found (when compared with other well\nestablished approaches) suggest that the ST can be a valuable tool to address\nstrong first-order phase transitions, a possibility still not well explored in\nthe literature.",
        "positive": "Mechanisms of DNA-mediated allostery: Proteins often regulate their activities via allostery - or action at a\ndistance - in which the binding of a ligand at one binding site influences the\naffinity for another ligand at a distal site. Although less studied than in\nproteins, allosteric effects have been observed in experiments with DNA as\nwell. In these experiments two or more proteins bind at distinct DNA sites and\ninteract indirectly with each other, via a mechanism mediated by the linker DNA\nmolecule. We develop a mechanical model of DNA/protein interactions which\npredicts three distinct mechanisms of allostery. Two of these involve an\nenthalpy-mediated allostery, while a third mechanism is entropy driven. We\nanalyze experiments of DNA allostery and highlight the distinctive signatures\nallowing one to identify which of the proposed mechanisms best fits the data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations of Current in Non-Stationary Diffusive Lattice Gases: We employ the macroscopic fluctuation theory to study fluctuations of\nintegrated current in one-dimensional lattice gases with a step-like initial\ndensity profile. We analytically determine the variance of the current\nfluctuations for a class of diffusive processes with a density-independent\ndiffusion coefficient, but otherwise arbitrary. Our calculations rely on a\nperturbation theory around the noiseless hydrodynamic solution. We consider\nboth quenched and annealed types of averaging (the initial condition is allowed\nto fluctuate in the latter situation). The general results for the variance are\nspecialized to a few interesting models including the symmetric exclusion\nprocess and the Kipnis-Marchioro-Presutti model. We also probe large deviations\nof the current for the symmetric exclusion process. This is done by numerically\nsolving the governing equations of the macroscopic fluctuation theory using an\nefficient iteration algorithm.",
        "positive": "Phonons and specific heat of linear dense phases of atoms physisorbed in\n  the grooves of carbon nanotube bundles: The vibrational properties (phonons) of a one-dimensional periodic phase of\natoms physisorbed in the external groove of the carbon nanotube bundle are\nstudied. Analytical expressions for the phonon dispersion relations are\nderived. The derived expressions are applied to Xe, Kr and Ar adsorbates. The\nspecific heat pertaining to dense phases of these adsorbates is calculated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structural interactions in ionic liquids linked to higher order\n  Poisson-Boltzmann equations: We present a derivation of generalized Poisson-Boltzmann equations starting\n{from} classical theories of binary fluid mixtures, employing an approach based\non the Legendre transform as recently applied to the case of local descriptions\nof the fluid free energy. Under specific symmetry assumptions, and in the\nlinearized regime, the Poisson-Boltzmann equation reduces to a phenomenological\nequation introduced by (Bazant et al., 2011), whereby the structuring near the\nsurface is determined by bulk coefficients.",
        "positive": "Optimizing non-ergodic feedback engines: Maxwell's demon is a special case of a feedback controlled system, where\ninformation gathered by measurement is utilized by driving a system along a\nthermodynamic process that depends on the measurement outcome. The demon\nillustrates that with feedback one can design an engine that performs work by\nextracting energy from a single thermal bath. Besides the fundamental questions\nposed by the demon - the probabilistic nature of the Second Law, the\nrelationship between entropy and information, etc. - there are other practical\nproblems related to feedback engines. One of those is the design of optimal\nengines, protocols that extract the maximum amount of energy given some amount\nof information. A refinement of the second law to feedback systems establishes\na bound to the extracted energy, a bound that is met by optimal feedback\nengines. It is also known that optimal engines are characterized by time\nreversibility. As a consequence, the optimal protocol given a measurement is\nthe one that, run in reverse, prepares the system in the post-measurement state\n(preparation prescription). In this paper we review these results and analyze\nsome specific features of the preparation prescription when applied to\nnon-ergodic systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exactness of the mean-field dynamics in optical cavity systems: Validity of the mean-field approach to open system dynamics in the optical\ncavity system is examined. It is rigorously shown that the mean-field approach\nis justified in the thermodynamic limit. The result is applicable to\nnonequilibrium situations, e.g. the thermal reservoirs may have different\ntemperatures, and the system may be subject to a time-dependent external field.\nThe result of this work will lead to further studies on macroscopic open\nquantum systems.",
        "positive": "Survival Analysis, Master Equation, Efficient Simulation of Path-Related\n  Quantities, and Hidden State Concept of Transitions: This paper presents and derives the interrelations between survival analysis\nand master equation. Survival analysis deals with modeling the transitions\nbetween succeeding states of a system in terms of hazard rates. Questions\nrelated with this are the timing and sequencing of the states of a time series.\nThe frequency and characteristics of time series can be investigated by\nMonte-Carlo simulations. If one is interested in cross-sectional data connected\nwith the stochastic process under consideration, one needs to know the temporal\nevolution of the distribution of states. This can be obtained by simulation of\nthe associated master equation. Some new formulas allow the determination of\npath-related (i.e. longitudinal) quantities like the occurence probability, the\noccurence time distribution, or the effective cumulative life-time distribution\nof a certain sequencing of states (path). These can be efficiently evaluated\nwith a recently developed simulation tool (EPIS). The effective cumulative\nlife-time distribution facilitates the formulation of a hidden state concept of\nbehavioral changes which allows an interpretation of the respective\ntime-dependence of hazard rates. Hidden states represent states which are\neither not phenomenological distinguishable from other states, not externally\nmeasurable, or simply not detected."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Models of Fracture: Disorder and long-range interactions are two of the key components that make\nmaterial failure an interesting playfield for the application of statistical\nmechanics. The cornerstone in this respect has been lattice models of the\nfracture in which a network of elastic beams, bonds or electrical fuses with\nrandom failure thresholds are subject to an increasing external load. These\nmodels describe on a qualitative level the failure processes of real, brittle\nor quasi-brittle materials. This has been particularly important in solving the\nclassical engineering problems of material strength: the size dependence of\nmaximum stress and its sample to sample statistical fluctuations. At the same\ntime, lattice models pose many new fundamental questions in statistical\nphysics, such as the relation between fracture and phase transitions.\nExperimental results point out to the existence of an intriguing crackling\nnoise in the acoustic emission and of self-affine fractals in the crack surface\nmorphology. Recent advances in computer power have enabled considerable\nprogress in the understanding of such models. Among these partly still\ncontroversial issues, are the scaling and size effects in material strength and\naccumulated damage, the statistics of avalanches or bursts of microfailures,\nand the morphology of the crack surface. Here we present an overview of the\nresults obtained with lattice models for fracture, highlighting the relations\nwith statistical physics theories and more conventional fracture mechanics\napproaches.",
        "positive": "Second order phase transitions induced by disorder in frustrated magnets: We study the critical properties of three dimensional frustrated magnets,\ndiluted with non-magnetic impurities. We show that these systems exhibit a\nsecond order phase transition, corresponding to a new universality class. In\nthe pure case, the phase transition is expected to be weakly of first order. We\ntherefore argue that these frustrated systems can be used to study\nexperimentally the rounding effect of disorder on discontinuous phase\ntransitions. We give first estimates of the critical exponents associated with\nthis universality class, by using the method of the effective average action."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multi-species extension of the solvable partially asymmetric reaction-\n  diffusion processes: By considering the master equation of the partially asymmetric diffusion\nprocess on a one-dimensional lattice, the most general boundary condition (i.e.\ninteractions) for the multi-species reaction-diffusion processes is considered.\nResulting system has various interactions including diffusion to left and\nright, two-particle interactions $A_a A_b --> A_c A_d $ and the extended\nn-particle drop-push interactions to left and right. We obtain three distinct\nnew models. The conditions on reaction rates to ensure the solvability of the\nresulting models are obtained. The two-particle conditional probabilities are\ncalculated exactly.",
        "positive": "Role of fluctuations in membrane models: thermal versus non-thermal: We study the comparative importance of thermal to non-thermal fluctuations\nfor membrane-based models in the linear regime. Our results, both in 1+1 and\n2+1 dimensions, suggest that non-thermal fluctuations dominate thermal ones\nonly when the relaxation time $\\tau$ is large. For moderate to small values of\n$\\tau$, the dynamics is defined by a competition between these two forces. The\nresults are expected to act as a quantitative benchmark for biological\nmodelling in systems involving cytoskeletal and other non-thermal fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "\"Two-phase\" thermodynamics of the Frenkel line: The Frenkel line, a crossover line between rigid and nonrigid dynamics of\nfluid particles, has recently been the subject of intense debate regarding its\nrelevance as a partitioning line of supercritical phase, where the main\ncriticism comes from the theoretical treatment of collective particle dynamics.\nFrom an independent point of view, this Letter suggests that the two-phase\nthermodynamics model may alleviate this contentious situation. The model offers\nnew criteria for defining the Frenkel line in the supercritical region and\nbuilds a robust connection among the preexisting, seemingly inconsistent\ndefinitions. In addition, one of the dynamic criteria locates the\nrigid-nonrigid transition of the soft-sphere and the hard-sphere models. Hence,\nwe suggest the Frenkel line be considered as a dynamic rigid-nonrigid fluid\nboundary, without any relation to gas-liquid transition. These findings provide\nan integrative viewpoint combining fragmentized definitions of the Frenkel\nline, allowing future studies to be carried out in a more reliable manner.",
        "positive": "Electric field fluctuations in the two-dimensional Coulomb fluid: The structure factor for electric field correlations in the two dimensional\nCoulomb fluid is simulated and compared to theories of the dielectric function.\nSingular changes in the structure factor occur at the BKT insulator to\nconductor transition, as well as at a higher temperature correlation transition\nbetween a poor electrolyte and perturbed Debye-H\\\"uckel fluid. Structure\nfactors are found to differ in the canonical and grand canonical ensembles,\nwith the poor electrolyte showing full ensemble inequivalence. We identify\nmechanisms of `underscreening' and `pinch point' scattering that are relevant\nto experiments on ionic liquids and artificial spin ice respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of Dimensionality on the Percolation Thresholds of Various\n  $d$-Dimensional Lattices: We show analytically that the $[0,1]$, $[1,1]$ and $[2,1]$ Pad{\\'e}\napproximants of the mean cluster number $S(p)$ for site and bond percolation on\ngeneral $d$-dimensional lattices are upper bounds on this quantity in any\nEuclidean dimension $d$, where $p$ is the occupation probability. These results\nlead to certain lower bounds on the percolation threshold $p_c$ that become\nprogressively tighter as $d$ increases and asymptotically exact as $d$ becomes\nlarge. These lower-bound estimates depend on the structure of the\n$d$-dimensional lattice and whether site or bond percolation is being\nconsidered. We obtain explicit bounds on $p_c$ for both site and bond\npercolation on five different lattices: $d$-dimensional generalizations of the\nsimple-cubic, body-centered-cubic and face-centered-cubic Bravais lattices as\nwell as the $d$-dimensional generalizations of the diamond and kagom{\\'e} (or\npyrochlore) non-Bravais lattices. These analytical estimates are used to assess\navailable simulation results across dimensions (up through $d=13$ in some\ncases). It is noteworthy that the tightest lower bound provides reasonable\nestimates of $p_c$ in relatively low dimensions and becomes increasingly\naccurate as $d$ grows. We also derive high-dimensional asymptotic expansions\nfor $p_c$ for the ten percolation problems and compare them to the\nBethe-lattice approximation. Finally, we remark on the radius of convergence of\nthe series expansion of $S$ in powers of $p$ as the dimension grows.",
        "positive": "Ultracold heteronuclear molecules in a 3D optical lattice: We report on the creation of ultracold heteronuclear molecules assembled from\nfermionic 40K and bosonic 87Rb atoms in a 3D optical lattice. Molecules are\nproduced at a heteronuclear Feshbach resonance both on the attractive and the\nrepulsive side of the resonance. We precisely determine the binding energy of\nthe heteronuclear molecules from rf spectroscopy across the Feshbach resonance.\nWe characterize the lifetime of the molecular sample as a function of magnetic\nfield and measure between 20 and 120ms. The efficiency of molecule creation via\nrf association is measured and is found to decrease as expected for more deeply\nbound molecules."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Model of crystal growth with simulated self-attraction: The (1+1)-dimensional kinetic model of crystal growth with simulated\nself-attraction and random sequential or parallel dynamics is introduced and\nstudied via Monte-Carlo simulations. To imitate the attraction of absorbing\natoms the probability of deposition is chosen to depend on the number of the\nnearest-neighbor atoms surrounding the deposited atom so it increases with this\nnumber. As well the evaporation probabilities are chosed to roughly account for\nthis self-attraction. The model exhibits the interface depinning transition\nwith KPZ-type roughness behavior in the moving phase. The critical indices of\nthe correlation lengths are $\\nu_\\parallel = 0.82 \\pm 0.03,{\\rm{}}\\nu_ \\bot =\n0.55 \\pm 0.02$ and the critical index of the growth velocity is $1.08 \\pm 0.03$\nindicating the new universality class of the depinning transition. The critical\nproperties of the model do not depend on the type of dynamics implemented.",
        "positive": "Continuous phase transitions with a convex dip in the microcanonical\n  entropy: The appearance of a convex dip in the microcanonical entropy of finite\nsystems usually signals a first order transition. However, a convex dip also\nshows up in some systems with a continuous transition as for example in the\nBaxter-Wu model and in the four-state Potts model in two dimensions. We\ndemonstrate that the appearance of a convex dip in those cases can be traced\nback to a finite-size effect. The properties of the dip are markedly different\nfrom those associated with a first order transition and can be understood\nwithin a microcanonical finite-size scaling theory for continuous phase\ntransitions. Results obtained from numerical simulations corroborate the\npredictions of the scaling theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Frictionless thermostats and intensive constants of motion: Thermostats models in space dimension d=1,2,3 for nonequilibrium statistical\nmechanics are considered and it is shown that, in the thermodynamic limit, the\nevolutions admit infinitely many constants of motion: namely the intensive\nobservables.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation theorems in general stochastic processes with odd-parity\n  variables: We show that the total entropy production in stochastic processes with\nodd-parity variables (under time reversal) is separated into three parts, only\ntwo of which satisfy the integral fluctuation theorems in general. One is the\nusual excess entropy production, which can appear only transiently and is\ncalled nonadiabatic. Another one is attributed solely to the breakage of\ndetailed balance. The last part not satisfying the fluctuation theorem comes\nfrom the steady-state distribution asymmetry for odd-parity variables, which is\nactivated in a non-transient manner. The latter two contributions combine\ntogether as the house-keeping (adiabatic) entropy production, whose positivity\nis not guaranteed except when the excess entropy production completely\nvanishes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution and precise asymptotics of a Fisher-KPP type front: The present work concerns a version of the Fisher-KPP equation where the\nnonlinear term is replaced by a saturation mechanism, yielding a free boundary\nproblem with mixed conditions. Following an idea proposed in\n[BrunetDerrida.2015], we show that the Laplace transform of the initial\ncondition is directly related to some functional of the front position $\\mu_t$.\nWe then obtain precise asymptotics of the front position by means of\nsingularity analysis. In particular, we recover the so-called Ebert and van\nSaarloos correction [EbertvanSaarloos.2000], we obtain an additional term of\norder $\\log t /t$ in this expansion, and we give precise conditions on the\ninitial condition for those terms to be present.",
        "positive": "Performance limits of information engines: We review recent studies of a colloidal information engine that consists of a\nbead in water and held by an optical trap. The bead is ratcheted upward without\nany apparent external work, by taking advantage of favorable thermal\nfluctuations. Much of the previous work on such engines aimed to show that\naccounting for information-processing costs can reconcile the observed motion\nwith the second law of thermodynamics. By contrast, we focus on the factors\nthat limit the performance of such engines by optimizing variously the upward\nvelocity, rate of gravitational free-energy extraction, or ability to track a\ntrajectory. We then consider measurement noise, which degrades engine\nperformance. A naive use of noisy measurements in the feedback algorithm leads\nto a phase transition at finite signal-to-noise ratio: below the transition,\nthe engine no longer functions. A more sophisticated, `Bayesian' algorithm\neliminates the phase transition and improves performance. Finally, operating\nthe information engine in a nonequilibrium environment with extra force\nfluctuations can enhance the performance by orders of magnitude, even to the\npoint where the energy extracted exceeds that needed to run the information\nprocessing. Autonomous implementations of an information engine in such\nenvironments could be powered entirely by the additional energy of the bath."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non Equilibrium Transitions in a Polymer Replication Ensemble: The fuel-driven process of replication in living systems generates\ndistributions of copied entities with varying degrees of copying accuracy. Here\nwe introduce a thermodynamically consistent ensemble for investigating\nuniversal population features of replicating systems. In the context of\ncopolymer copying, coarse-graining over molecular details, we establish a phase\ndiagram of copying accuracy. We discover sharp non-equilibrium transitions\nbetween populations of random and accurate copies. Maintaining a population of\naccurate copies requires a minimum energy expenditure that depends on the\nconfigurational entropy of copolymer sequences.",
        "positive": "Finding stability domains and escape rates in kicked Hamiltonians: We use an effective Hamiltonian to characterize particle dynamics and find\nescape rates in a periodically kicked Hamiltonian. We study a model of\nparticles in storage rings that is described by a chaotic symplectic map.\nIgnoring the resonances, the dynamics typically has a finite region in phase\nspace where it is stable. Inherent noise in the system leads to particle loss\nfrom this stable region. The competition of this noise with radiation damping,\nwhich increases stability, determines the escape rate. Determining this\n`aperture' and finding escape rates is therefore an important physical problem.\nWe compare the results of two different perturbation theories and a variational\nmethod to estimate this stable region. Including noise, we derive analytical\nestimates for the steady-state populations (and the resulting beam emittance),\nfor the escape rate in the small damping regime, and compare them with\nnumerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Revisiting the nonequilibrium phase transition of the triplet-creation\n  model: The nonequilibrium phase transition in the triplet-creation model is\ninvestigated using critical spreading and the conservative diffusive contact\nprocess. The results support the claim that at high enough diffusion the phase\ntransition becomes discontinuous. As the diffusion probability increases the\ncritical exponents change continuously from the ordinary directed percolation\n(DP) class to the compact directed percolation (CDP). The fractal dimension of\nthe critical cluster, however, switches abruptly between those two universality\nclasses. Strong crossover effects in both methods make it difficult, if not\nimpossible, to establish the exact location of the tricritical point.",
        "positive": "Simulation of Flux Lines with Columnar Pins: Bose Glass and Entangled\n  Liquids: Using path integral Monte Carlo we simulate a 3D system of up to 1000\nmagnetic flux lines by mapping it onto a system of interacting bosons in\n(2+1)D. With increasing temperature we find a first order melting of flux lines\nfrom an ordered solid to an entangled liquid signalled by a finite entropy jump\nand sharp discontinuities in the defect density and the structure factor\n$S({\\bf G})$ at the first reciprocal lattice vector. In the presence of a small\nnumber of strong columnar pins, we find that the crystal is transformed into a\nBose glass phase with patches of crystalline order nucleated around the trapped\nvortices but with no overall positional or orientational order. This glassy\nphase melts into a defected entangled liquid through a continuous transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the existence of stationary states during granular compaction: When submitted to gentle mechanical taps a granular packing slowly compacts\nuntil it reaches a stationary state that depends on the tap characteristics.\nThe properties of such stationary states are experimentally investigated. The\ninfluence of the initial state, taps properties and tapping protocol are\nstudied. The compactivity of the packings is determinated. Our results strongly\nsupport the idea that the stationary states are genuine thermodynamic states.",
        "positive": "From Boltzmann-Gibbs ensemble to generalized ensembles: We reconsider the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical ensemble in thermodynamics\nusing the multinomial coefficient approach. We show that an ensemble is defined\nby the determination of four statistical quantities, the element probabilities\n$p_i$, the configuration probabilities $P_j$, the entropy $S$ and the extremum\nconstraints (EC). This distinction is of central importance for the\nunderstanding of the conditions under which a microcanonical, canonical and\nmacrocanonical ensemble is defined. These three ensembles are characterized by\nthe conservation of their sizes. A variation of the ensemble size creates\ndifficulties in the definitions of the quadruplet $\\{p_i, P_j, S, \\mt{EC}\\}$,\ngiving rise for a generalization of the Boltzmann-Gibbs formalism, such one as\nintroduced by Tsallis. We demonstrate that generalized thermodynamics represent\na transformation of ordinary thermodynamics in such a way that the energy of\nthe system remains conserved.\n  From our results it becomes evident that Tsallis's formalism is a very\nspecific generalization, however, not the only one. We also revisit the\nJaynes's Maximum Entropy Principle, showing that in general it can lead to\nincorrect results and consider the appropriate corrections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hamiltonian dynamics of the two-dimensional lattice phi^4 model: The Hamiltonian dynamics of the classical $\\phi^4$ model on a two-dimensional\nsquare lattice is investigated by means of numerical simulations. The\nmacroscopic observables are computed as time averages. The results clearly\nreveal the presence of the continuous phase transition at a finite energy\ndensity and are consistent both qualitatively and quantitatively with the\npredictions of equilibrium statistical mechanics. The Hamiltonian microscopic\ndynamics also exhibits critical slowing down close to the transition. Moreover,\nthe relationship between chaos and the phase transition is considered, and\ninterpreted in the light of a geometrization of dynamics.",
        "positive": "Exclusion processes: short range correlations induced by adhesion and\n  contact interactions: We analyze the out-of-equilibrium behavior of exclusion processes where\nagents interact with their nearest neighbors, and we study the short-range\ncorrelations which develop because of the exclusion and other contact\ninteractions. The form of interactions we focus on, including adhesion and\ncontact-preserving interactions, is especially relevant for migration processes\nof living cells. We show the local agent density and nearest-neighbor two-point\ncorrelations resulting from simulations on two dimensional lattices in the\ntransient regime where agents invade an initially empty space from a source and\nin the stationary regime between a source and a sink. We compare the results of\nsimulations with the corresponding quantities derived from the master equation\nof the exclusion processes, and in both cases, we show that, during the\ninvasion of space by agents, a wave of correlations travels with velocity v(t)\n~ t^(-1/2). The relative placement of this wave to the agent density front and\nthe time dependence of its height may be used to discriminate between different\nforms of contact interactions or to quantitatively estimate the intensity of\ninteractions. We discuss, in the stationary density profile between a full and\nan empty reservoir of agents, the presence of a discontinuity close to the\nempty reservoir. Then, we develop a method for deriving approximate\nhydrodynamic limits of the processes. From the resulting systems of partial\ndifferential equations, we recover the self-similar behavior of the agent\ndensity and correlations during space invasion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "S-wave contact interaction problem: A simple description: The s-wave contact interaction problem has a very simple structure and a\nsimple and straightforward description. This is not a standard paper, and\ntechnicalities are avoided. A bare and simple picture of the problem is\npresented, in the hope that it will be helpful to our theoretical study of the\nproblem.",
        "positive": "Testing the Gaussian Copula Hypothesis for Financial Assets Dependences: Using one of the key property of copulas that they remain invariant under an\narbitrary monotonous change of variable, we investigate the null hypothesis\nthat the dependence between financial assets can be modeled by the Gaussian\ncopula. We find that most pairs of currencies and pairs of major stocks are\ncompatible with the Gaussian copula hypothesis, while this hypothesis can be\nrejected for the dependence between pairs of commodities (metals).\nNotwithstanding the apparent qualification of the Gaussian copula hypothesis\nfor most of the currencies and the stocks, a non-Gaussian copula, such as the\nStudent's copula, cannot be rejected if it has sufficiently many ``degrees of\nfreedom''. As a consequence, it may be very dangerous to embrace blindly the\nGaussian copula hypothesis, especially when the correlation coefficient between\nthe pair of asset is too high as the tail dependence neglected by the Gaussian\ncopula can be as large as 0.6, i.e., three out five extreme events which occur\nin unison are missed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Force balance in thermal quantum many-body systems from Noether's\n  theorem: We address the consequences of invariance properties of the free energy of\nspatially inhomogeneous quantum many-body systems. We consider a specific\nposition-dependent transformation of the system that consists of a spatial\ndeformation and a corresponding locally resolved change of momenta. This\noperator transformation is canonical and hence equivalent to a unitary\ntransformation on the underlying Hilbert space of the system. As a consequence,\nthe free energy is an invariant under the transformation. Noether's theorem for\ninvariant variations then allows to derive an exact sum rule, which we show to\nbe the locally resolved equilibrium one-body force balance. For the special\ncase of homogeneous shifting, the sum rule states that the average global\nexternal force vanishes in thermal equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Effective approach for taking into account interactions of\n  quasiparticles from the low-temperature behavior of a deformed fermion-gas\n  model: A deformed fermion gas model aimed at taking into account thermal and\nelectronic properties of quasiparticle systems is devised. The model is\nconstructed by the fermionic Fibonacci oscillators whose spectrum is given by a\ngeneralized Fibonacci sequence. We first introduce some new properties\nconcerning the Fibonacci calculus. We then investigate the low-temperature\nthermostatistical properties of the model, and derive many of the deformed\nthermostatistical functions such as the chemical potential and the entropy in\nterms of the model deformation parameters p and q. We specifically focus on the\np,q-deformed Sommerfeld parameter for the heat capacity of the model, and its\nbehavior is compared with those of both the free-electron Fermi theory and the\nexperimental data for some materials. The results obtained in this study reveal\nthat the present deformed fermion model leads to an effective approach\naccounting for interaction and compositeness of quasiparticles, which have\nremarkable implications in many technological applications such as in\nnanomaterials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theta-point behavior of diluted polymer solutions: Can one observe the\n  universal logarithmic corrections predicted by field theory?: In recent large scale Monte-Carlo simulations of various models of\nTheta-point polymers in three dimensions Grassberger and Hegger found\nlogarithmic corrections to mean field theory with amplitudes much larger than\nthe universal amplitudes of the leading logarithmic corrections calculated by\nDuplantier in the framework of tricritical O(n) field theory. To resolve this\nissue we calculate the universal subleading correction of field theory, which\nturns out to be of the same order of magnitude as the leading correction for\nall chain lengths available in present days simulations. Borel resummation of\nthe renormalization group flow equations also shows the presence of such large\ncorrections. This suggests that the published simulations did not reach the\nasymptotic regime. To further support this view, we present results of\nMonte-Carlo simulations on a Domb-Joyce like model of weakly interacting random\nwalks. Again the results cannot be explained by keeping only the leading\ncorrections, but are in fair accord with our full theoretical result. The\ncorrections found for the Domb-Joyce model are much smaller than those for\nother models, which clearly shows that the effective corrections are not yet in\nthe asymptotic regime. All together our findings show that the existing\nsimulations of Theta-polymers are compatible with tricritical field theory\nsince the crossover to the asymptotic regime is very slow. Similar results were\nfound earlier for self avoiding walks at their upper critical dimension d=4.",
        "positive": "Exactly solvable model of avalanches dynamics for Barkhausen crackling\n  noise: We review the present state of understanding of the Barkhausen effect in soft\nferromagnetic materials. Barkhausen noise (BN) is generated by the\ndiscontinuous motion of magnetic domains as they interact with impurities and\ndefects. BN is one of the many examples of crackling noise, arising in a\nvariety of contexts with remarkably similar features, and occurring when a\nsystem responds in a jerky manner to a smooth external forcing. Among all\ncrackling system, we focus on BN, where a complete and consistent picture\nemerges thanks to an exactly solvable model of avalanche dynamics, known as the\nABBM model, which ultimately describes the system in terms of a Langevin\nequation for the velocity of the avalanche front. Despite its simplicity, the\nABBM model is able to accurately reproduce the phenomenology observed in the\nexperiments on a large class of magnetic materials, as long as universal\nproperties are involved. To complete the picture and to understand the\nlong-standing discrepancy between the ABBM theory and the experiments, which\notherwise agree exceptionally well, consisting of the puzzling asymmetric shape\nof the noise pulses, microscopic details must be taken into account, namely the\neffects of eddy current retardation. These effects can be incorporated in the\nmodel, and result, to a first-order approximation, in a negative effective mass\nassociated with the wall. The progress made in understanding BN is potentially\nrelevant for other crackling systems: on the one hand, the ABBM model turns out\nto be a paradigmatic model for the universal behaviour of avalanche dynamics;\non the other hand, the microscopic explanation of the asymmetry in the noise\npulses suggests that inertial effects may also be at the origin of pulses\nasymmetry observed in other crackling systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermostatistics in deformed space with maximal length: The method for calculating the canonical partition function with deformed\nHeisenberg algebra, developed by Fityo (Fityo, 2008), is adapted to the\nmodified commutation relations including a maximum length, proposed recently in\n1D by Perivolaropoulos (Perivolaropoulos, 2017). Firstly, the formalism of 1D\nmaximum length deformed algebra is extended to arbitrary dimensions. Then, by\nemploying the adapted semiclassical approach, the thermostatistics of an ideal\ngas and a system of harmonic oscillators (HOs) is investigated. For the ideal\ngas, the results generalize those obtained recently by us in 1D (Bensalem and\nBouaziz, 2019), and show a complete agreement between the semiclassical and\nquantum approaches. In particular, a stiffer real-like equation of state for\nthe ideal gas is established in 3D; it is consistent with the formal one, which\nwe presented in the aforementioned paper. By analyzing some experimental data,\nwe argue that the maximal length might be viewed as a macroscopic scale\nassociated with the system under study. Finally, the thermostatistics of a\nsystem of HOs compared to that of an ideal gas reveals that the effects of the\nmaximal length depend on the studied system. On the other hand, it is observed\nthat the maximal length effect on some thermodynamic functions of the HOs is\nanalogous to that of the minimal length, studied previously in the literature.",
        "positive": "The Role of Data in Model Building and Prediction: A Survey Through\n  Examples: The goal of Science is to understand phenomena and systems in order to\npredict their development and gain control over them. In the scientific process\nof knowledge elaboration, a crucial role is played by models which, in the\nlanguage of quantitative sciences, mean abstract mathematical or algorithmical\nrepresentations. This short review discusses a few key examples from Physics,\ntaken from dynamical systems theory, biophysics, and statistical mechanics,\nrepresenting three paradigmatic procedures to build models and predictions from\navailable data. In the case of dynamical systems we show how predictions can be\nobtained in a virtually model-free framework using the methods of analogues,\nand we briefly discuss other approaches based on machine learning methods. In\ncases where the complexity of systems is challenging, like in biophysics, we\nstress the necessity to include part of the empirical knowledge in the models\nto gain the minimal amount of realism. Finally, we consider many body systems\nwhere many (temporal or spatial) scales are at play and show how to derive from\ndata a dimensional reduction in terms of a Langevin dynamics for their slow\ncomponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-site Bose-Hubbard model with nonlinear tunneling: classical and\n  quantum analysis: The extended Bose-Hubbard model for a double-well potential with atom-pair\ntunneling is studied. Starting with a classical analysis we determine the\nexistence of three different quantum phases: self-trapping, phase-locking and\nJosephson states. From this analysis we built the parameter space of quantum\nphase transitions between degenerate and non-degenerate ground states driven by\nthe atom-pair tunneling. Considering only the repulsive case, we confirm the\nphase transition by the measure of the energy gap between the ground state and\nthe first excited state. We study the structure of the solutions of the Bethe\nansatz equations for a small number of particles. An inspection of the roots\nfor the ground state suggests a relationship to the physical properties of the\nsystem. By studying the energy gap we find that the profile of the roots of the\nBethe ansatz equations is related to a quantum phase transition.",
        "positive": "Some Exact Results for the Exclusion Process: The asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) is a paradigm for\nnon-equilibrium physics that appears as a building block to model various\nlow-dimensional transport phenomena, ranging from intracellular traffic to\nquantum dots. We review some recent results obtained for the system on a\nperiodic ring by using the Bethe Ansatz. We show that this method allows to\nderive analytically many properties of the dynamics of the model such as the\nspectral gap and the generating function of the current. We also discuss the\nsolution of a generalized exclusion process with $N$-species of particles and\nexplain how a geometric construction inspired from queuing theory sheds light\non the Matrix Product Representation technique that has been very fruitful to\nderive exact results for the ASEP."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of Information Processing Based on Enzyme Kinetics: an\n  Exactly Solvable Model of Information Pump: Motivated by the recent proposed models of the information engine [D. Mandal\nand C. Jarzynski, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109, 11641 (2012)] and the information\nrefrigerator [D. Mandal, H. T. Quan, and C. Jarzynski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111,\n030602 (2013)], we propose a minimal model of the information pump and the\ninformation eraser based on enzyme kinetics. This device can either pump\nmolecules against the chemical potential gradient by consuming the information\nencoded in the bit stream or (partially) erase the information encoded in the\nbit stream by consuming the Gibbs free energy. The dynamics of this model is\nsolved exactly, and the \"phase diagram\" of the operation regimes is determined.\nThe efficiency and the power of the information machine is analyzed. The\nvalidity of the second law of thermodynamics within our model is clarified. Our\nmodel offers a simple paradigm for the investigating of the thermodynamics of\ninformation processing involving the chemical potential in small systems.",
        "positive": "Phase transition in ultrathin magnetic films with long-range\n  interactions: Monte Carlo simulation of the anisotropic Heisenberg model: Ultrathin magnetic films can be modeled as an anisotropic Heisenberg model\nwith long-range dipolar interactions. It is believed that the phase diagram\npresents three phases: An ordered ferromagnetic phase I, a phase characterized\nby a change from out-of-plane to in-plane in the magnetization II, and a\nhigh-temperature paramagnetic phase III. It is claimed that the border lines\nfrom phase I to III and II to III are of second order and from I to II is first\norder. In the present work we have performed a very careful Monte Carlo\nsimulation of the model. Our results strongly support that the line separating\nphases II and III is of the BKT type."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Negative heat-capacity at phase-separations in microcanonical\n  thermostatistics of macroscopic systems with either short or long-range\n  interactions: Conventional thermo-statistics address infinite homogeneous systems within\nthe canonical ensemble. However, some 170 years ago the original motivation of\nthermodynamics was the description of steam engines, i.e. boiling water. Its\nessential physics is the separation of the gas phase from the liquid. Of\ncourse, boiling water is inhomogeneous and as such cannot be treated by\nconventional thermo-statistics. Then it is not astonishing, that a phase\ntransition of first order is signaled canonically by a Yang-Lee singularity.\nThus it is only treated correctly by microcanonical Boltzmann-Planck\nstatistics. This was elaborated in the talk presented at this conference. It\nturns out that the Boltzmann-Planck statistics is much richer and gives\nfundamental insight into statistical mechanics and especially into entropy.\nThis can be done to a far extend rigorously and analytically. The deep and\nessential difference between ``extensive'' and ``intensive'' control\nparameters, i.e. microcanonical and canonical statistics, was exemplified by\nrotating, self-gravitating systems. In the present paper the necessary\nappearance of a convex entropy $S(E)$ and the negative heat capacity at phase\nseparation in small as well macroscopic systems independently of the range of\nthe force is pointed out.",
        "positive": "Percolation thresholds of randomly rotating patchy particles on\n  Archimedean lattices: We study the percolation of randomly rotating patchy particles on $11$\nArchimedean lattices in two dimensions. Each vertex of the lattice is occupied\nby a particle, and in each model the patch size and number are monodisperse.\nWhen there are more than one patches on the surface of a particle, they are\nsymmetrically decorated. As the proportion $\\chi$ of the particle surface\ncovered by the patches increases, the clusters connected by the patches grow\nand the system percolates at the threshold $\\chi_c$. We combine Monte Carlo\nsimulations and the critical polynomial method to give precise estimates of\n$\\chi_c$ for disks with one to six patches and spheres with one to two patches\non the $11$ lattices. For one-patch particles, we find that the order of\n$\\chi_c$ values for particles on different lattices is the same as that of\nthreshold values $p_c$ for site percolation on same lattices, which implies\nthat $\\chi_c$ for one-patch particles mainly depends on the geometry of\nlattices. For particles with more patches, symmetry become very important in\ndetermining $\\chi_c$. With the estimates of $\\chi_c$ for disks with one to six\npatches, by analyses related to symmetry, we are able to give precise values of\n$\\chi_c$ for disks with an arbitrary number of patches on all $11$ lattices.\nThe following rules are found for patchy disks on each of these lattices: (i)\nas the number of patches $n$ increases, values of $\\chi_c$ repeat in a periodic\nway, with the period $n_0$ determined by the symmetry of the lattice; (ii) when\n$\\mod(n,n_0)=0$, the minimum threshold value $\\chi_{\\rm min}$ appears, and the\nmodel is equivalent to site percolation with $\\chi_{\\rm min}=p_c$; (iii) disks\nwith $\\mod(n,n_0)=m$ and $n_0-m$ ($m<n_0/2$) share the same $\\chi_c$ value."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An Illustration of Generalized Thermodynamics by Several Physical\n  Examples: It has been shown recently that Bose Gase with weak pair (enough well)\ninteraction is non ergodic system. But Bose Gase with weak pair interaction is\nso general system that it is evident that the majority of statistical mechanics\nsystems are non ergodic too. It is also has been shown that it is possible to\ngeneralize the scheme of standard statistical mechanics and thermodynamics to\ntake into account non ergodicity. This generalization is called a generalized\nthermodynamics. In some points this generalized thermodynamics coincide with\nstandard equilibrium thermodynamics but some new specific results take place.\nIt has been shown that this new generalized thermodynamics can be used to\nexplain some physiological phenomena which take place in the living cell when\nthe cell is exciting and dying.\n  In the present paper we try to illustrate some basic points of this\ngeneralized thermodynamics on some physical examples.",
        "positive": "New Developments in the Eight Vertex Model: We demonstrate that the Q matrix introduced in Baxter's 1972 solution of the\neight vertex model has some eigenvectors which are not eigenvectors of the spin\nreflection operator and conjecture a new functional equation for Q(v) which\nboth contains the Bethe equation that gives the eigenvalues of the transfer\nmatrix and computes the degeneracies of these eigenvalues."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Proof of Serban's conjecture: We prove Serban's conjecture which simplifies greatly the expression of the\nadvanced single-particle Green function in the Calogero-Sutherland model. The\nimportance of proving this conjecture is that it reorganizes the form factor in\nterms of two dimensional Coulomb gaz correlators and confirms the possible\nexistence of a bosonization procedure for this system.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Resonance in Periodic Potentials Revisited: The phenomenon of Stochastic Resonance (SR) has been conclusively\ndemonstrated in bistable potentials. However, SR in sinusoidal potentials have\nonly recently been shown numerically to occur in terms of hysteresis loop area.\nWe show that the occurrence of SR is not specific to sinusoidal potentials and\ncan occur in periodic bistable potential, $U(x)=2/3(\\cos x +\\cos 2x)$, as well.\nWe further show that SR can occur even in a washboard potential, where\nhysteresis loops normally do not close because of average drift of particles.\nUpon correcting for the drift term, the closed hysteresis loop area (input\nenergy loss) shows the usual SR peaking behaviour as also the signal-to-noise\nratio in a limited domain in the high drive-frequency range. The occurrence of\nSR is attributed to the existence of effectively two dynamical states in the\ndriven periodic sinusoidal and periodic bistable potentials. The same\nexplanation holds also when the periodic potentials are tilted by a small\nconstant slope."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotic behavior of the mean square displacement of the Brownian\n  parametric oscillator near the singular point: A parametric oscillator with damping driven by white noise is studied. The\nmean square displacement (MSD) in the long-time limit is derived analytically\nfor the case that the static force vanishes, which was not treated in the past\nwork \\cite{tashiro07}. The formula is asymptotic but is applicable to a general\nperiodic function. On the basis of this formula, some periodic functions\nreducing MSD remarkably are proposed.",
        "positive": "Quantum free energy differences from non-equilibrium path integrals: I.\n  Methods and numerical application: The imaginary-time path integral representation of the canonical partition\nfunction of a quantum system and non-equilibrium work fluctuation relations are\ncombined to yield methods for computing free energy differences in quantum\nsystems using non-equilibrium processes. The path integral representation is\nisomorphic to the configurational partition function of a classical field\ntheory, to which a natural but fictitious Hamiltonian dynamics is associated.\nIt is shown that if this system is prepared in an equilibrium state, after\nwhich a control parameter in the fictitious Hamiltonian is changed in a finite\ntime, then formally the Jarzynski non-equilibrium work relation and the Crooks\nfluctuation relation are shown to hold, where work is defined as the change in\nthe energy as given by the fictitious Hamiltonian. Since the energy diverges\nfor the classical field theory in canonical equilibrium, two regularization\nmethods are introduced which limit the number of degrees of freedom to be\nfinite. The numerical applicability of the methods is demonstrated for a\nquartic double-well potential with varying asymmetry. A general parameter-free\nsmoothing procedure for the work distribution functions is useful in this\ncontext."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Voter model under stochastic resetting: The voter model is a toy model of consensus formation based on\nnearest-neighbor interactions. A voter sits at each vertex in a hypercubic\nlattice (of dimension $d$) and is in one of two possible opinion states. The\nopinion state of each voter flips randomly, at a rate proportional to the\nfraction of the nearest neighbors that disagree with the voter. If the voters\nare initially independent and undecided, the model is known to lead to a\nconsensus if and only if $d\\leq 2$. In this paper the model is subjected to\nstochastic resetting: the voters revert independently to their initial opinion\naccording to a Poisson process of fixed intensity (the resetting rate). This\nresetting prescription induces kinetic equations for the average opinion state\nand for the two-point function of the model. For initial conditions consisting\nof undecided voters except for one decided voter at the origin, the one-point\nfunction evolves as the probability of presence of a diffusive random walker on\nthe lattice, whose position is stochastically reset to the origin. The\nresetting prescription leads to a non-equilibrium steady state. For an initial\nstate consisting of independent undecided voters, the density of domain walls\nin the steady state is expressed in closed form as a function of the resetting\nrate. This function is differentiable at zero if and only if $d\\geq 5$.",
        "positive": "Producing suprathermal tails in the stationary velocity distribution: We revisit effective scenarios for the origin of heavy tails in stationary\nvelocity distributions. A first analysis combines localization with diffusive\nacceleration. That gets realized in space plasmas to find the so-called\nkappa-distributions having power-law decay at high speeds. There, localization\nat high energy already takes place for the reversible dynamics but becomes\neffective by an active diffusion in velocity space. A model for vibrating\ngranular gases and giving rise to stretched exponential tails is also briefly\ndiscussed, where negative friction is the energizer. In all cases, the\nresulting nonMaxwellian velocity distributions are frenetically caused by the\ndependence on the speed of kinetic parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A trick: why \\hat\u03b3< \u03b3(=3) in [1=arXiv:cond-mat/0106096]?: In this paper, first a theorem on the partial sum of a particular series is\ngiven. Then, based on it, the origin of obvious simulation deviation from\ntheory is explained: i) why the numerically estimated \\hat\\gamma (degree\nexponent) in [1=arXiv:cond-mat/0106096] is always smaller than \\gamma (=3) that\nis predicted by theory; ii) and why \\hat\\gamma rises monotonically as m (the\nlinks added at each step in Barabasi-Albert (BA) model [1]) increases.\nStrictly, it declares such errors are basically from the inconsistence of\nsimulation with the theoretical model, which is caused by an additional\nincompatible condition used in simulation. In addition, noticing the evolving\ndifferences between the initial m_0 nodes and those after, we correct the\nderived BA model which unfairly omitted such differences.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of quantum discommensurations in the Frenkel-Kontorova chain: The ability for real-time control of topological defects can open up\nprospects for dynamical manipulation of macroscopic properties of solids. A\nsub-category of these defects, formed by particle dislocations, can be\neffectively described using the Frenkel-Kontorova chain, which characterizes\nthe dynamics of these particles in a periodic lattice potential. This model is\nknown to host solitons, which are the topological defects of the system and are\nlinked to structural transitions in the chain. This work addresses three key\nquestions: Firstly, we investigate how imperfections present in concrete\nimplementations of the model affect the properties of topological defects.\nSecondly, we explore how solitons can be injected after the rapid change in\nlattice potential or nucleated due to quantum fluctuations. Finally, we analyze\nthe propagation and scattering of solitons, examining the role of quantum\nfluctuations and imperfections in influencing these processes. Furthermore, we\naddress the experimental implementation of the Frenkel-Kontorova model.\nFocusing on the trapped ion quantum simulator, we set the stage for\ncontrollable dynamics of topological excitations and their observation in this\nplatform."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transition in thermodynamically consistent biochemical oscillators: Biochemical oscillations are ubiquitous in living organisms. In an autonomous\nsystem, not influenced by an external signal, they can only occur out of\nequilibrium. We show that they emerge through a generic nonequilibrium phase\ntransition, with a characteristic qualitative behavior at criticality. The\ncontrol parameter is the thermodynamic force, which must be above a certain\nthreshold for the onset of biochemical oscillations. This critical behavior is\ncharacterized by the thermodynamic flux associated with the thermodynamic\nforce, its diffusion coefficient, and the stationary distribution of the\noscillating chemical species. We discuss metrics for the precision of\nbiochemical oscillations by comparing two observables, the Fano factor\nassociated with the thermodynamic flux and the number of coherent oscillations.\nSince the Fano factor can be small even when there are no biochemical\noscillations, we argue that the number of coherent oscillations is more\nappropriate to quantify the precision of biochemical oscillations. Our results\nare obtained with three thermodynamically consistent versions of known models:\nthe Brusselator, the activator-inhibitor model, and a model for KaiC\noscillations.",
        "positive": "The Damping of the Bose-Condensate Oscillations in a Trap at Zero\n  Temperature: We discuss an existence of the damping for the radial condensate oscillations\nin a cylindric trap at zero temperature. The damping is a result of the\nparametric resonance leading to energy transfer from the coherent condensate\noscillations to the longitudinal sound waves within a finite frequency\ninterval. The parametric resonance is due to the oscillations of the sound\nvelocity. The triggering amplitudes at zero temperature are associated with the\nzero-point oscillations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady state statistics of driven diffusions: We consider overdamped diffusion processes driven out of thermal equilibrium\nand we analyze their dynamical steady fluctuations. We discuss the\nthermodynamic interpretation of the joint fluctuations of occupation times and\ncurrents; they incorporate respectively the time-symmetric and the\ntime-antisymmetric sector of the fluctuations. We highlight the canonical\nstructure of the joint fluctuations. The novel concept of traffic complements\nthe entropy production for the study of the occupation statistics. We explain\nhow the occupation and current fluctuations get mutually coupled out of\nequilibrium. Their decoupling close-to-equilibrium explains the validity of\nentropy production principles.",
        "positive": "Data-driven reconstruction of spectral conductivity and chemical\n  potential from thermoelectric transport data: The spectral conductivity, i.e., the electrical conductivity as a function of\nthe Fermi energy, is a cornerstone in determining the thermoelectric transport\nproperties of electrons. However, the spectral conductivity depends on\nsample-specific properties such as carrier concentrations, vacancies, charge\nimpurities, chemical compositions, and material microstructures, making it\ndifficult to relate the experimental result with the theoretical prediction\ndirectly. Here, we propose a data-driven approach based on machine learning to\nreconstruct the spectral conductivity and chemical potential from the\nthermoelectric transport data. Using this machine learning method, we first\ndemonstrate that the spectral conductivity and temperature-dependent chemical\npotentials can be recovered within a simple toy model. In a second step, we\napply our method to experimental data in doped one-dimensional telluride\nTa$_4$SiTe$_4$~[T. Inohara, \\textit{et al.}, Appl. Phys. Lett. \\textbf{110},\n183901 (2017)] to reconstruct the spectral conductivity and chemical potential\nfor each sample. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of electrons and the\nmaximal figure of merit $ZT$ are estimated from the reconstructed spectral\nconductivity, which provides accurate estimates beyond the Wiedemann-Franz law.\nOur study clarifies the connection between the thermoelectric transport\nproperties and the low-energy electronic states of real materials, and\nestablishes a promising route to incorporate experimental data into traditional\ntheory-driven workflows."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Epidemic Dynamics of Interacting Two Particle Species on Scale-free\n  Networks: We study the non-equilibrium phase transition in a model for epidemic\nspreading on scale-free networks. The model consists of two particle species\n$A$ and $B$, and the coupling between them is taken to be asymmetric; $A$\ninduces $B$ while $B$ suppresses $A$. This model describes the spreading of an\nepidemic on networks equipped with a reactive immune system. We present\nanalytic results on the phase diagram and the critical behavior, which depends\non the degree exponent $\\gamma$ of the underlying scale-free networks.\nNumerical simulation results that support the analytic results are also\npresented.",
        "positive": "Folding Kinetics of Proteins and Cold Denaturation: Folding kinetics of a lattice model of protein is studied. It uses the Random\nEnergy Model for the intrachain couplings and a temperature dependent free\nenergy of solvation derived from a realistic hydration model of apolar solutes.\nThe folding times are computed using Monte Carlo simulations in the region of\nthe phase diagram where the chain occurs in the native structure. These folding\ntimes are roughly equals for the temperatures of cold and warm denaturation for\na large range of solvent quality. Between these temperatures, the folding times\nreach maxima and thus, at low temperatures, the kinetics of the chain always\nspeeds up as the temperature is decreased. The study of the conformational\nspace as function of the temperature permits to elucidate this phenomenon. At\nlow temperature, it shows that the activation barriers of the system decrease\nfaster than the temperature as the temperature is decreased. At high\ntemperature, the rate of the barriers over the temperature decreases as the\ntemperature is increased because the height of the barrier is almost constant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Some Aspects regarding Renormalisation Theory of Critical Phenomena: Concerning renormalisation group theory applied to phase transitions, we\nexamine the value of positive numerical and analytical evidence, the divergent\nshort-wavelength behaviour of classical free fields and the absence of\nUV-divergences in quantum field theories with proper mathematical handling. We\nconclude as to the inadequacy of the conceptual and mathematical framework of\nrenormalisation theory of critical phenomena.",
        "positive": "Anomalous Kinetics of a Multi-Species Reaction-Diffusion System: Effect\n  of Random Velocity Fluctuations: Reaction-diffusion systems, which consist of the reacting particles subject\nto diffusion process, constitute one of the common examples of non-linear\nstatistical systems. In low space dimensions $d \\leq 2$ the usual description\nby means of kinetic rate equations is not sufficient and the effect of density\nfluctuations has to be properly taken into account. Our aim here is to analyze\na particular multi-species reaction-diffusion system characterized by reactions\n$\\textit{A} +\\textit{A} \\rightarrow (\\emptyset, A),$ $\\textit{A} +\\textit{B}\n\\rightarrow \\textit{A}$ at and below its critical dimension $d_c = 2$. In\nparticular, we investigate effect of thermal fluctuations on the reaction\nkinetics, which are generated by means of random velocity field modelled by a\nstochastic Navier-Stokes equations. Main theoretical tool employed is\nfield-theoretic perturbative renormalization group. The analysis is performed\nto the first order of the perturbation scheme (one-loop approximation)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "$XY$ model with antinematic interaction: We consider the $XY$ model with ferromagnetic (FM) and antinematic (AN)\nnearest-neighbor interactions on a square lattice for a varying interaction\nstrength ratio. Besides the expected FM and AN quasi-long-range order (QLRO)\nphases we identify at low temperatures another peculiar canted ferromagnetic\n(CFM) QLRO phase, resulting from the competition between the collinear FM and\nnon-collinear AN ordering tendencies. In the CFM phase neighboring spins that\nbelong to different sublattices are canted by a non-universal (dependent on the\ninteraction strength ratio) angle and the ordering is characterized by a\nfast-decaying power-law intra-sublattice correlation function. Compared to the\nFM phase, in the CFM phase correlations are significantly diminished by the\npresence of zero-energy domain walls due to the inherent degeneracy caused by\nthe AN interactions. We present the phase diagram as a function of the\ninteraction strength ratio and discuss the character of the respective phases\nas well as the transitions between them.",
        "positive": "Reduced critical slowing down for statistical physics simulations: Wang-Landau simulations offer the possibility to integrate explicitly over a\ncollective coordinate and stochastically over the remainder of configuration\nspace. We propose to choose the so-called \"slow mode\", which is responsible for\nlarge autocorrelation times and thus critical slowing down, for collective\nintegration. We study this proposal for the Ising model and the\nlinear-log-relaxation (LLR) method as simulation algorithm. We firstly\ndemonstrate super critical slowing down in a phase with spontaneously broken\nsymmetry and for the heatbath algorithms, for which autocorrelation times grow\nexponentially with system size. By contrast, using the magnetisation as\ncollective coordinate, we present evidence that super critical slowing down is\nabsent. We still observe a polynomial increase of the autocorrelation time with\nvolume (critical slowing down), which is however reduced by orders of magnitude\nwhen compared to local update techniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On reduced density matrices for disjoint subsystems: We show that spin and fermion representations for solvable quantum chains\nlead in general to different reduced density matrices if the subsystem is not\nsingly connected. We study the effect for two sites in XX and XY chains as well\nas for sublattices in XX and transverse Ising chains.",
        "positive": "Universal diffusive decay of correlations in gapped one-dimensional\n  systems: We apply a semiclassical approach to express finite temperature dynamical\ncorrelation functions of gapped spin models analytically. We show that the\napproach of [A. Rapp, G. Zarand, Phys. Rev. B 74, 014433 (2006)] can also be\nused for the S=1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain, whose lineshape can be\nmeasured experimentally. We generalize our calculations to O(N) quantum spin\nmodels and the sine-Gordon model in one dimension, and show that in all these\nmodels, the finite temperature decay of certain correlation functions is\ncharacterized by the same universal semiclassical relaxation function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slow relaxation dynamics and aging in random walks on activity driven\n  temporal networks: We investigate the dynamic relaxation of random walks on temporal networks by\nfocusing in the recently proposed activity driven model [Perra \\textit{et al.}\nSci. Rep. srep00469 (2012)]. For realistic activity distributions with a\npower-law form, we observe the presence of a very slow relaxation dynamics\ncompatible with aging effects. A theoretical description of this processes in\nachieved by means of a mapping to Bouchaud's trap model. The mapping highlights\nthe profound difference in the dynamics of the random walks according to the\nvalue of the exponent $\\gamma$ in the activity distribution.",
        "positive": "Ensemble inequivalence in systems with long-range interactions: Ensemble inequivalence has been observed in several systems. In particular it\nhas been recently shown that negative specific heat can arise in the\nmicrocanonical ensemble in the thermodynamic limit for systems with long-range\ninteractions. We display a connection between such behaviour and a mean-field\nlike structure of the partition function. Since short-range models cannot\ndisplay this kind of behaviour, this strongly suggests that such systems are\nnecessarily non-mean field in the sense indicated here. We illustrate our\nresults showing an application to the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model. We further\nshow that a broad class of systems with non-integrable interactions are indeed\nof mean-field type in the sense specified, so that they are expected to display\nensemble inequivalence as well as the peculiar behaviour described above in the\nmicrocanonical ensemble."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gravity, Entropy, and Cosmology: In Search of Clarity: I discuss the statistical mechanics of gravitating systems and in particular\nits cosmological implications, and argue that many conventional views on this\nsubject in the foundations of statistical mechanics embody significant\nconfusion; I attempt to provide a clearer and more accurate account. In\nparticular, I observe that (i) the role of gravity \\emph{in} entropy\ncalculations must be distinguished from the entropy \\emph{of} gravity, that\n(ii) although gravitational collapse is entropy-increasing, this is not usually\nbecause the collapsing matter itself increases in entropy, and that (iii) the\nSecond Law of Thermodynamics does not owe its validity to the statistical\nmechanics of gravitational collapse.",
        "positive": "Fluctuations Of WIG-the index of Warsaw Stock Exchange. Preliminary\n  studies: A time series that represents daily values of the WIG index (the main index\nof Warsaw Stock Exchange) over last 5 years is examined. Non-Gaussian features\nof distributions of fluctuations, namely returns, over a time scale are\nconsidered. Some general properties like exponents of the long range\ncorrelation estimated by averaged volatility and detrended fluctuations\nanalysis (DFA) as well as exponents describing a decay of tails of the\ncumulative distributions are found. Closing, the Zipf analysis for the WIG\nindex time series translated into three letter text is presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deterministic and stochastic influences on Japan and US stock and\n  foreign exchange markets. A Fokker-Planck approach: The evolution of the probability distributions of Japan and US major market\nindices, NIKKEI 225 and NASDAQ composite index, and $JPY/DEM$ and $DEM/USD$\ncurrency exchange rates is described by means of the Fokker-Planck equation\n(FPE). In order to distinguish and quantify the deterministic and random\ninfluences on these financial time series we perform a statistical analysis of\ntheir increments $\\Delta x(\\Delta(t))$ distribution functions for different\ntime lags $\\Delta(t)$. From the probability distribution functions at various\n$\\Delta(t)$, the Fokker-Planck equation for $p(\\Delta x(t), \\Delta(t))$ is\nexplicitly derived. It is written in terms of a drift and a diffusion\ncoefficient. The Kramers-Moyal coefficients, are estimated and found to have a\nsimple analytical form, thus leading to a simple physical interpretation for\nboth drift $D^{(1)}$ and diffusion $D^{(2)}$ coefficients. The Markov nature of\nthe indices and exchange rates is shown and an apparent difference in the\nNASDAQ $D^{(2)}$ is pointed out.",
        "positive": "Jarzynski equality for the Jepsen gas: We illustrate the Jarzynski equality on the exactly solvable model of a\none-dimensional ideal gas in uniform expansion or compression. The analytical\nresults for the probability density $P(W)$ of the work $W$ performed by the gas\nare compared with the results of molecular dynamics simulations for a\ntwo-dimensional dilute gas of hard spheres."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Estimating entropy production by machine learning of short-time\n  fluctuating currents: Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) are the inequalities which give\nlower bounds on the entropy production rate using only the mean and the\nvariance of fluctuating currents. Since the TURs do not refer to the full\ndetails of the stochastic dynamics, it would be promising to apply the TURs for\nestimating the entropy production rate from a limited set of trajectory data\ncorresponding to the dynamics. Here we investigate a theoretical framework for\nestimation of the entropy production rate using the TURs along with machine\nlearning techniques without prior knowledge of the parameters of the stochastic\ndynamics. Specifically, we derive a TUR for the short-time region and prove\nthat it can provide the exact value, not only a lower bound, of the entropy\nproduction rate for Langevin dynamics, if the observed current is optimally\nchosen. This formulation naturally includes a generalization of the TURs with\nthe partial entropy production of subsystems under autonomous interaction,\nwhich reveals the hierarchical structure of the estimation. We then construct\nestimators on the basis of the short-time TUR and machine learning techniques\nsuch as the gradient ascent. By performing numerical experiments, we\ndemonstrate that our learning protocol performs well even in nonlinear Langevin\ndynamics. We also discuss the case of Markov jump processes, where the exact\nestimation is shown to be impossible in general. Our result provides a platform\nthat can be applied to a broad class of stochastic dynamics out of equilibrium,\nincluding biological systems.",
        "positive": "Application of underdamped Langevin dynamics simulations for the study\n  of diffusion from a drug-eluting stent: We use a one-dimensional two layer model with a semi-permeable membrane to\nstudy the diffusion of a therapeutic drug delivered from a drug-eluting stent\n(DES). The rate of drug transfer from the stent coating to the arterial wall is\ncalculated by using underdamped Langevin dynamics simulations. Our results\nreveal that the membrane has virtually no delay effect on the rate of delivery\nfrom the DES. The work demonstrates the great potential of underdamped Langevin\ndynamics simulations as an easy to implement, efficient, method for solving\ncomplicated diffusion problems in systems with a spatially-dependent diffusion\ncoefficient."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Renewal Equation for the first detection time of a quantum walk: We investigate the statistics of the first detected passage time of a quantum\nwalk. The postulates of quantum theory, in particular the collapse of the wave\nfunction upon measurement, reveal an intimate connection between the wave\nfunction of a process free of measurements, i.e. the solution of the\nSchr\\\"odinger equation, and the statistics of first detection events on a site.\nFor stroboscopic measurements a quantum renewal equation yields basic\nproperties of quantum walks. For example, for a tight binding model on a ring\nwe discover critical sampling times, diverging quantities such as the mean time\nfor first detection, and an optimal detection rate. For a quantum walk on an\ninfinite line the probability of first detection decays like\n$(\\mbox{time})^{-3}$ with a superimposed oscillation, critical behavior for a\nspecific choice of sampling time, and vanishing amplitude when the sampling\ntime approaches zero due to the quantum Zeno effect.",
        "positive": "Stationary non-equilibrium properties for a heat conduction model: We consider a stochastic heat conduction model for solids composed by N\ninteracting atoms. The system is in contact with two heat baths at different\ntemperature $T_\\ell$ and $T_r$. The bulk dynamics conserve two quantities: the\nenergy and the deformation between atoms. If $T_\\ell \\neq T_r$, a heat flux\ntakes place in the system. For large $N$, the system adopts a linear\ntemperature profile between $T_\\ell$ and $T_r$. We establish the hydrodynamic\nlimit for the two conserved quantities. We introduce the fluctuations field of\nthe energy and of the deformation in the non-equilibrium steady state. As $N$\ngoes to infinity, we show that this field converges to a Gaussian field and we\ncompute the limiting covariance matrix. The main contribution of the paper is\nthe study of large deviations for the temperature profile in the\nnon-equilibrium stationary state. A variational formula for the rate function\nis derived following the recent macroscopic fluctuation theory of Bertini et\nal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From bulk to microphase separation in scalar active matter: A\n  perturbative renormalization group analysis: We consider a dynamical field theory (Active Model B+) that minimally extends\nthe equilibrium Model B for diffusive phase separation of a scalar field, by\nadding leading-order terms that break time-reversal symmetry. It was recently\nshown that such active terms can cause the bulk phase separation of Model B to\nbe replaced by a steady state of microphase separation at a finite length\nscale. This phenomenon was understood at mean-field level as due to the\nactivity-induced reversal of the Ostwald ripening mechanism, which provides the\nkinetic pathway to bulk phase separation in passive fluids. This reversal\noccurs only in certain ranges for the activity parameters. In this paper we go\nbeyond such a mean-field analysis and develop a $1$-loop Renormalisation Group\n(RG) approach. We first show that, in the parameter range where bulk phase\nseparation is still present, the critical point belongs formally to the same\n(Wilson-Fisher) universality class as the passive Model B. In contrast, in a\nparameter range associated with microphase separation, we find that an unstable\nnon-equilibrium fixed point of the RG flow arises for $d\\geq 2$, colliding with\nthe Wilson-Fisher point in $d\\to 2^+$ and making it unstable in $d=2$. At large\nactivity, the flow in this region is towards strong coupling. We argue that the\nphase transition to microphase separation in active systems, in the physically\nrelevant dimensions $d=2$ and $3$, very probably belongs to a new\nnon-equilibrium universality class. Because it is governed by the\nstrong-coupling regime of the RG flow, our perturbative analysis leaves open\nthe quantitative characterization of this new class.",
        "positive": "Calculation of the connective constant for self-avoiding walks via the\n  pivot algorithm: We calculate the connective constant for self-avoiding walks on the simple\ncubic lattice to unprecedented accuracy, using a novel application of the pivot\nalgorithm. We estimate that \\mu = 4.684 039 931(27). Our method also provides\naccurate estimates of the number of self-avoiding walks, even for walks with\nmillions of steps."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymmetric simple exclusion process in one-dimensional chains with\n  long-range links: We study the boundary-driven asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) in a\none-dimensional chain with long-range links. Shortcuts are added to a chain by\nconnecting $pL$ different pairs of sites selected randomly where $L$ and $p$\ndenote the chain length and the shortcut density, respectively. Particles flow\ninto a chain at one boundary at rate $\\alpha$ and out of a chain at the other\nboundary at rate $\\beta$, while they hop inside a chain via nearest-neighbor\nbonds and long-range shortcuts. Without shortcuts, the model reduces to the\nboundary-driven ASEP in a one-dimensional chain which displays the low density,\nhigh density, and maximal current phases. Shortcuts lead to a drastic change.\nNumerical simulation studies suggest that there emerge three phases; an empty\nphase with $ \\rho = 0 $, a jammed phase with $ \\rho = 1 $, and a shock phase\nwith $ 0<\\rho<1$ where $\\rho$ is the mean particle density. The shock phase is\ncharacterized with a phase separation between an empty region and a jammed\nregion with a localized shock between them. The mechanism for the shock\nformation and the non-equilibrium phase transition is explained by an analytic\ntheory based on a mean-field approximation and an annealed approximation.",
        "positive": "Thermalization mechanism for time-periodic finite isolated interacting\n  quantum systems: We present a theory to describe thermalization mechanism for time-periodic\nfinite isolated interacting quantum systems. The long time asymptote of natural\nobservables in Floquet states is directly related to averages of these\nobservables governed by a time-independent effective Hamiltonian. We prove that\nif the effective system is nonintegrable and satisfies eigenstate\nthermalization hypothesis, quantum states of such time-periodic isolated\nsystems will thermalize. After a long time evolution, system will relax to a\nstationary state, which only depends on an initial energy of the effective\nHamiltonian and follows a generalized eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. A\nnumerical test for the periodically modulated Bose-Hubbard model, with the\nextra nearest neighbor interaction on the bosonic lattice, agrees with the\ntheoretical predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic order parameter dynamics for phase coexistence in heat\n  conduction: We propose a stochastic order parameter equation for describing phase\ncoexistence in steady heat conduction near equilibrium. By analyzing the\nstochastic dynamics with a non-equilibrium adiabatic boundary condition, where\ntotal energy is conserved over time, we derive a variational principle that\ndetermines thermodynamic properties in non-equilibrium steady states. The\nresulting variational principle indicates that the temperature of the interface\nbetween the ordered region and the disordered region becomes greater (less)\nthan the equilibrium transition temperature in the linear response regime when\nthe thermal conductivity in the ordered region is less (greater) than that in\nthe disordered region. This means that a super-heated ordered (super-cooled\ndisordered) state appears near the interface, which was predicted by an\nextended framework of thermodynamics proposed in [N. Nakagawa and S.-i. Sasa,\nLiquid-gas transitions in steady heat conduction, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 119},\n260602, (2017).]",
        "positive": "Supersymmetric Quantum Spherical Spins with Short-Range Interactions: This work is dedicated to the study of a supersymmetric quantum spherical\nspin system with short-range interactions. We examine the critical properties\nboth a zero and finite temperature. The model undergoes a quantum phase\ntransition at zero temperature without breaking supersymmetry. At finite\ntemperature the supersymmetry is broken and the system exhibits a thermal phase\ntransition. We determine the critical dimensions and compute critical\nexponents. In particular, we find that the model is characterized by a\ndynamical critical exponent $z=2$. We also investigate properties of\ncorrelations in the one-dimensional lattice. Finally, we explore the connection\nwith a nonrelativistic version of the supersymmetric $O(N)$ nonlinear sigma\nmodel and show that it is equivalent to the system of spherical spins in the\nlarge $N$ limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of a physical model implementing a Maxwell demon: We present a physical implementation of a Maxwell demon which consists of a\nconventional single electron transistor (SET) capacitively coupled to another\nquantum dot detecting its state. Altogether, the system is described by\nstochastic thermodynamics. We identify the regime where the energetics of the\nSET is not affected by the detection, but where its coarse-grained entropy\nproduction is shown to contain a new contribution compared to the isolated SET.\nThis additional contribution can be identified as the information flow\ngenerated by the \"Maxwell demon\" feedback in an idealized limit.",
        "positive": "On the Foundation of Statistical Mechanics under Experimentally\n  Realistic Conditions: A Comparison between the Quantum and the Classical Case: Focusing on isolated macroscopic systems, described either in terms of a\nquantum mechanical or a classical model, our two key questions are: In how far\ndoes an initial ensemble (usually far from equilibrium and largely unknown in\ndetail) evolve towards a stationary long-time behavior (\"equilibration\")? In\nhow far is this steady state in agreement with the microcanonical ensemble as\npredicted by Statistical Mechanics (\"thermalization\")? In the first part of the\npaper, a recently developed quantum mechanical treatment of the problem is\nbriefly summarized, putting particular emphasis on the realistic modeling of\nexperimental measurements and non-equilibrium initial conditions. Within this\nframework, equilibration can be proven under very weak assumptions about those\nmeasurements and initial conditions, while thermalization still requires quite\nstrong additional hypotheses. In the second part, an analogous approach within\nthe framework of classical mechanics is developed and compared with the quantum\ncase. In particular, the assumptions to guarantee classical equilibration are\nnow rather strong, while thermalization then follows under relatively weak\nadditional conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Perturbation Theory Modification of the Flory-Huggins Polymer Solution\n  Theory: A perturbation theory modification of the Flory-Huggins polymer solution\ntheory is presented. The proposed perturbation equation utilizes the results by\nTukur et al [J. Chem. Phys. 110 (7), 3463, 1999] for hard-sphere binary mixture\nat infinite size ratio. The resulting perturbation theory equations are used to\npredict properties of three different polymers with different molecular weights\nin different solvents. Comparison of the proposed perturbation calculations\nwith those of the Flory-Huggins theory and the experimental data indicate that\nthe proposed perturbation method appreciably improves prediction of polymer\nsolution properties especially at large polymer / solvent size ratios.",
        "positive": "Generalized mode-coupling theory of the glass transition: schematic\n  results at finite and infinite order: We present an extensive treatment of the generalized mode-coupling theory\n(GMCT) of the glass transition, which seeks to describe the dynamics of\nglass-forming liquids using only static structural information as input. This\ntheory amounts to an infinite hierarchy of coupled equations for multi-point\ndensity correlations, the lowest-order closure of which is equivalent to\nstandard mode-coupling theory. Here we focus on simplified schematic GMCT\nhierarchies, which lack any explicit wavevector-dependence and therefore allow\nfor greater analytical and numerical tractability. For one particular schematic\nmodel, we derive the unique analytic solution of the infinite hierarchy, and\ndemonstrate that closing the hierarchy at finite order leads to uniform\nconvergence as the closure level increases. We also show numerically that a\nsimilarly robust convergence pattern emerges for more generic schematic GMCT\nmodels, suggesting that the GMCT framework is generally convergent, even though\nno small parameter exists in the theory. Finally, we discuss how different\neffective weights on the high-order contributions ultimately control whether\nthe transition is continuous, discontinuous, or strictly avoided, providing new\nmeans to relate structure to dynamics in glass-forming systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structures and propagation in globally coupled systems with time delays: We consider an ensemble of globally coupled phase oscillators whose\ninteraction is transmitted at finite speed. This introduces time delays, which\nmake the spatial coordinates relevant in spite of the infinite range of the\ninteraction. We show that one-dimensional arrays synchronize in an asymptotic\nstate where all the oscillators have the same frequency, whereas their phases\nare distributed in spatial structures that -in the case of periodic boundaries-\ncan propagate, much as in coupled systems with local interactions.",
        "positive": "Probability distribution connected to stationary flow of substance in a\n  channel of network containing finite number of arms: We discuss a channel consisting of nodes of a network and lines which connect\nthese nodes and form ways for motion of a substance through the channel. We\nstudy stationary flow of substance for channel which arms contain finite number\nof nodes each and obtain probability distribution for substance in arms of this\nchannel. Finally we calculate Shannon information measure for the case of\nstationary flow of substance in a simple channel consisting of a single arm\nhaving just three nodes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phonon lineshapes in atom-surface scattering: Phonon lineshapes in atom-surface scattering are obtained from a simple\nstochastic model based on the so-called Caldeira-Leggett Hamiltonian. In this\nsingle-bath model, the excited phonon resulting from a creation or annihilation\nevent is coupled to a thermal bath consisting of an infinite number of harmonic\noscillators, namely the bath phonons. The diagonalization of the corresponding\nHamiltonian leads to a renormalization of the phonon frequencies in terms of\nthe phonon friction or damping coefficient. Moreover, when there are adsorbates\non the surface, this single-bath model can be extended to a two-bath model\naccounting for the effect induced by the adsorbates on the phonon lineshapes as\nwell as their corresponding lineshapes.",
        "positive": "Correlated Percolation: Cluster concepts have been extremely useful in elucidating many problems in\nphysics. Percolation theory provides a generic framework to study the behavior\nof the cluster distribution. In most cases the theory predicts a geometrical\ntransition at the percolation threshold, characterized in the percolative phase\nby the presence of a spanning cluster, which becomes infinite in the\nthermodynamic limit. Standard percolation usually deals with the problem when\nthe constitutive elements of the clusters are randomly distributed. However\ncorrelations cannot always be neglected. In this case correlated percolation is\nthe appropriate theory to study such systems. The origin of correlated\npercolation could be dated back to 1937 when Mayer [1] proposed a theory to\ndescribe the condensation from a gas to a liquid in terms of mathematical\nclusters (for a review of cluster theory in simple fluids see [2]). The\nlocation for the divergence of the size of these clusters was interpreted as\nthe condensation transition from a gas to a liquid. One of the major drawback\nof the theory was that the cluster number for some values of thermodynamic\nparameters could become negative. As a consequence the clusters did not have\nany physical interpretation [3]. This theory was followed by Frenkel's\nphenomenological model [4], in which the fluid was considered as made of non\ninteracting physical clusters with a given free energy. This model was later\nimproved by Fisher [3], who proposed a different free energy for the clusters,\nnow called droplets, and consequently a different scaling form for the droplet\nsize distribution. This distribution, which depends on two geometrical\nparameters, has the nice feature that the mean droplet size exhibits a\ndivergence at the liquid-gas critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vortex solid phase with frozen undulations in superconducting\n  Josephson-junction arrays in external magnetic fields: A vortex solid with self-generated randomness is found theoretically in a\nfrustrated Josephson junction array (JJA) under external magnetic field with\nanisotropic couplings. Vorticies induced by external magnetic field develop\nstripes parallel to the direction of weaker coupling. It is shown analytically\nthat there is a continuous, gapless band of metastable states in which stripes\nare deformed randomly by transverse undulation. The vortex solid with the\nfrozen undulation in a metastable state freely slides along the direction of\nstronger coupling, thereby destroying ordering of phases even at zero\ntemperature, but is jammed along the direction of weaker coupling.",
        "positive": "Magnon-induced long-range correlations and their neutron-scattering\n  signature in quantum magnets: We consider the coupling of the magnons in both quantum ferromagnets and\nantiferromagnets to the longitudinal order-parameter fluctuations, and the\nresulting nonanalytic behavior of the longitudinal susceptibility. In classical\nmagnets it is well known that long-range correlations induced by the magnons\nlead to a singular wave-number dependence of the form $1/k^{4-d}$ in all\ndimensions 2<d<4, for both ferromagnets and antiferromagnets. At zero\ntemperature we find a profound difference between the two cases. Consistent\nwith naive power counting, the longitudinal susceptibility in a quantum\nantiferromagnet scales as $k^{d-3}$ for 1<d<3, whereas in a quantum ferromagnet\nthe analogous result, $k^{d-2}$, is absent due to a zero scaling function. This\nabsence of a nonanalyticity in the longitudinal susceptibility is due to the\nlack of magnon number fluctuations in the ground state of a quantum\nferromagnet; correlation functions that are sensitive to other fluctuations do\nexhibit the behavior predicted by simple power counting. Also of interest is\nthe dynamical behavior as expressed in the longitudinal part of the dynamical\nstructure factor, which is directly measurable via neutron scattering. For both\nferromagnets and antiferromagnets there is a logarithmic singularity at the\nmagnon frequency with a prefactor that vanishes as $T\\to 0$. In the\nantiferromagnetic case there also is a nonzero contribution at T=0 that is\nmissing for ferromagnets. Magnon damping due to quenched disorder restores the\nexpected scaling behavior of the longitudinal susceptibility in the\nferromagnetic case; it scales as $k^{d-2}$ if the order parameter is not\nconserved, or as $k^d$ if it is. Detailed predictions are made for both two-\nand three-dimensional systems at both T=0 and in the limit of low temperatures,\nand the physics behind the various nonanalytic behaviors is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From nucleation to percolation: the effect of system size and system\n  disorder: A phase diagram for a one dimensional fiber bundle model is constructed with\na continuous variation in two parameters guiding dynamics of the model:\nstrength of disorder and system size. We monitor the successive events of fiber\nrupture in order to understand the spatial correlation associated with it. We\nobserve three distinct regions with increasing disorder strength. (I)\nNucleation - a crack propagates from a particular nucleus with very high\nspatial correlation and causes global failure; (II) Avalanche - the rupture\nevents show precursors activities with a number of bursts. (III) Percolation -\nthe rupture events are spatially uncorrelated like a percolation process. As\nthe size of the bundle is increased, it favors the nucleating failure. In the\nthermodynamic limit, we only observe a nucleating failure unless the disorder\nstrength is infinitely high.",
        "positive": "Effect of Elastic Deformations on the Multicritical Behavior of\n  Disordered Systems: A field-theoretical description of the behavior of disordered, elastically\nisotropic, compressible systems characterized by two order parameters at the\nbicritical and tetracritical points is presented. The description is performed\nin the two-loop approximation in three dimensions . The renormalization group\nequations are analyzed, and the fixed points corresponding to different types\nof multicritical behavior are determined. It is shown that the effect of\nelastic deformations causes a change in the regime of the tetracritical\nbehavior of disordered systems because of the interaction of the order\nparameters through the deformation field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transfer-matrix DMRG for stochastic models: The Domany-Kinzel cellular\n  automaton: We apply the transfer-matrix DMRG (TMRG) to a stochastic model, the\nDomany-Kinzel cellular automaton, which exhibits a non-equilibrium phase\ntransition in the directed percolation universality class. Estimates for the\nstochastic time evolution, phase boundaries and critical exponents can be\nobtained with high precision. This is possible using only modest numerical\neffort since the thermodynamic limit can be taken analytically in our approach.\nWe also point out further advantages of the TMRG over other numerical\napproaches, such as classical DMRG or Monte-Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Lattice Models of Ionic Systems: A theoretical analysis of Coulomb systems on lattices in general dimensions\nis presented. The thermodynamics is developed using Debye-Huckel theory with\nion-pairing and dipole-ion solvation, specific calculations being performed for\n3D lattices. As for continuum electrolytes, low-density results for sc, bcc and\nfcc lattices indicate the existence of gas-liquid phase separation. The\npredicted critical densities have values comparable to those of continuum ionic\nsystems, while the critical temperatures are 60-70% higher. However, when the\npossibility of sublattice ordering as well as Debye screening is taken into\naccount systematically, order-disorder transitions and a tricritical point are\nfound on sc and bcc lattices, and gas-liquid coexistence is suppressed. Our\nresults agree with recent Monte Carlo simulations of lattice electrolytes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Global-to-local incompatibility, monogamy of entanglement, and\n  ground-state dimerization: Theory and observability of quantum frustration in\n  systems with competing interactions: Frustration in quantum many body systems is quantified by the degree of\nincompatibility between the local and global orders associated, respectively,\nto the ground states of the local interaction terms and the global ground state\nof the total many-body Hamiltonian. This universal measure is bounded from\nbelow by the ground-state bipartite block entanglement. For many-body\nHamiltonians that are sums of two-body interaction terms, a further inequality\nrelates quantum frustration to the pairwise entanglement between the\nconstituents of the local interaction terms. This additional bound is a\nconsequence of the limits imposed by monogamy on entanglement shareability. We\ninvestigate the behavior of local pair frustration in quantum spin models with\ncompeting interactions on different length scales and show that valence bond\nsolids associated to exact ground-state dimerization correspond to a transition\nfrom generic frustration, i.e. geometric, common to classical and quantum\nsystems alike, to genuine quantum frustration, i.e. solely due to the\nnon-commutativity of the different local interaction terms. We discuss how such\nfrustration transitions separating genuinely quantum orders from classical-like\nones are detected by observable quantities such as the static structure factor\nand the interferometric visibility.",
        "positive": "Diffusion of Finite-Sized Hard-Core Interacting Particles In a\n  One-Dimensional Box - Tagged Particle Dynamics: We solve a non-equilibrium statistical mechanics problem exactly, namely, the\nsingle-file dynamics of N hard-core interacting particles (the particles cannot\npass each other) of size \\Delta diffusing in a one dimensional system of finite\nlength L with reflecting boundaries at the ends. We obtain an exact expression\nfor the conditional probability density function P_T(y_T,t|y_{T,0}) that a\ntagged particle T (T=1,...,N) is at position y_T at time t given that it at\ntime t=0 was at position y_{T,0}. Going beyond previous studies, we consider\nthe asymptotic limit of large N, maintaining L finite, using a non-standard\nasymptotic technique. We derive an exact expression for P_T(y_T,t|y_{T,0}) for\na a tagged particle located roughly in the middle of the system, from which we\nfind that there are three time regimes of interest for finite-sized systems:\n(A) For times much smaller than the collision time t<< t_coll=1/(\\rho^2D),\nwhere \\rho=N/L is the particle concentration and D the diffusion constant for\neach particle, the tagged particle undergoes normal diffusion; (B) for times\nmuch larger than the collision time t>> t_coll but times smaller than the\nequilibrium time t<< t_eq=L^2/D we find a single-file regime where\nP_T(y_T,t|y_{T,0}) is a Gaussian with a mean square displacement scaling as\nt^{1/2}; (C) For times longer than the equilibrium time $t>> t_eq,\nP_T(y_T,t|y_{T,0}) approaches a polynomial-type equilibrium probability density\nfunction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ultrametricity of optimal transport substates for multiple interacting\n  paths over a square lattice network: We model a set of point-to-point transports on a network as a system of\npolydisperse interacting self-avoiding walks (SAWs) over a finite square\nlattice. The ends of each SAW may be located both at random, uniformly\ndistributed, positions or with one end fixed at a lattice corner. The total\nenergy of the system is computed as the sum over all SAWs, which may represent\neither the time needed to complete the transport over the network, or the\nresources needed to build the networking infrastructure. We focus especially on\nthe second aspect by assigning a concave cost function to each site to\nencourage path overlap. A Simulated Annealing optimization, based on a modified\nBFACF Montecarlo algorithm developed for polymers, is used to probe the complex\nconformational substates structure. We characterize the average cost gains (and\npath-length variation) for increasing polymer density with respect to a\nDijkstra routing and find a non-monotonic behavior as previously found in\nrandom networks. We observe the expected phase transition when switching from a\nconvex to a concave cost function (e.g., $x^\\gamma$, where $x$ represents the\nnode overlap) and the emergence of ergodicity breaking, finally we show that\nthe space of ground states for $\\gamma<1$ is compatible with an ultrametric\nstructure as seen in many complex systems such as some spin glasses.",
        "positive": "Diffusion and Multiplication in Random Media: We investigate the evolution of a population of non-interacting particles\nwhich undergo diffusion and multiplication. Diffusion is assumed to be\nhomogeneous, while multiplication proceeds with different rates reflecting the\ndistribution of nutrients. We focus on the situation where the distribution of\nnutrients is a stationary quenched random variable, and show that the\npopulation exhibits a super-exponential growth whenever the nutrient\ndistribution is unbounded. We elucidate a huge difference between the average\nand typical asymptotic growths and emphasize the role played by the spatial\ncorrelations in the nutrient distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Fisher Information for Different States and Processes in Quantum\n  Chaotic Systems: The quantum Fisher information (QFI) associated with a particular process\napplied to a many-body quantum system has been suggested as a diagnostic for\nthe nature of the system's quantum state, e.g., a thermal density matrix vs. a\npure state in a system that obeys the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis\n(ETH). We compute the QFI for both an energy eigenstate and a thermal density\nmatrix for a variety of processes in a system obeying ETH, including a change\nin the hamiltonian that is either sudden (a quench), slow (adiabatic), or\nfollowed by contact with a heat bath. We compare our results with earlier\nresults for a local unitary transformation.",
        "positive": "Navier-Stokes transport coefficients of $d$-dimensional granular binary\n  mixtures at low density: The Navier-Stokes transport coefficients for binary mixtures of smooth\ninelastic hard disks or spheres under gravity are determined from the Boltzmann\nkinetic theory by application of the Chapman-Enskog method for states near the\nlocal homogeneous cooling state. It is shown that the Navier-Stokes transport\ncoefficients are not affected by the presence of gravity. As in the elastic\ncase, the transport coefficients of the mixture verify a set of coupled linear\nintegral equations that are approximately solved by using the leading terms in\na Sonine polynomial expansion. The results reported here extend previous\ncalculations [V. Garz\\'o and J. W. Dufty, Phys. Fluids {\\bf 14}, 1476 (2002)]\nto an arbitrary number of dimensions. To check the accuracy of the\nChapman-Enskog results, the inelastic Boltzmann equation is also numerically\nsolved by means of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method to evaluate the\ndiffusion and shear viscosity coefficients for hard disks. The comparison shows\na good agreement over a wide range of values of the coefficients of restitution\nand the parameters of the mixture (masses and sizes)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal mechanism of spin relaxation in solids: We consider relaxation of a rigid spin cluster in an elastic medium in the\npresence of the magnetic field. Universal simple expression for spin-phonon\nmatrix elements due to local rotations of the lattice is derived. The\nequivalence of the lattice frame and the laboratory frame approaches is\nestablished. For spin Hamiltonians with strong uniaxial anisotropy the field\ndependence of the transition rates due to rotations is analytically calculated\nand its universality is demonstrated. The role of time reversal symmetry in\nspin-phonon transitions has been elucidated. The theory provides lower bound on\nthe decoherence of any spin-based solid-state qubit.",
        "positive": "The Thermodynamic Limit of Spin Systems on Random Graphs: We utilise the graphon--a continuous mathematical object which represents the\nlimit of convergent sequences of dense graphs--to formulate a general,\ncontinuous description of quantum spin systems in thermal equilibrium when the\naverage co-ordination number grows extensively in the system size.\nSpecifically, we derive a closed set of coupled non-linear Fredholm integral\nequations which govern the properties of the system. The graphon forms the\nkernel of these equations and their solution yields exact expressions for the\nmacroscopic observables in the system in the thermodynamic limit. We analyse\nthese equations for both quantum and classical spin systems, recovering known\nresults and providing novel analytical solutions for a range of more complex\ncases. We supplement this with controlled, finite-size numerical calculations\nusing Monte-Carlo and Tensor Network methods, showing their convergence towards\nour analytical results with increasing system size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Polymer size in dilute solutions in the good-solvent regime: We determine the density expansion of the radius of gyration, of the\nhydrodynamic radius, and of the end-to-end distance for a monodisperse polymer\nsolution in good-solvent conditions. We consider the scaling limit (large\ndegree of polymerization), including the leading scaling corrections. Using the\nexpected large-concentration behavior, we extrapolate these low-density\nexpansions outside the dilute regime, obtaining a prediction for the radii for\nany concentration in the semidilute region. For the radius of gyration,\ncomparison with field-theoretical predictions shows that the relative error\nshould be at most 5% in the limit of very large polymer concentrations.",
        "positive": "Complete high-precision entropic sampling: Monte Carlo simulations using entropic sampling to estimate the number of\nconfigurations of a given energy are a valuable alternative to traditional\nmethods. We introduce {\\it tomographic} entropic sampling, a scheme which uses\nmultiple studies, starting from different regions of configuration space, to\nyield precise estimates of the number of configurations over the {\\it full\nrange} of energies, {\\it without} dividing the latter into subsets or windows.\nApplied to the Ising model on the square lattice, the method yields the\ncritical temperature to an accuracy of about 0.01%, and critical exponents to\n1% or better. Predictions for systems sizes L=10 - 160, for the temperature of\nthe specific heat maximum, and of the specific heat at the critical\ntemperature, are in very close agreement with exact results. For the Ising\nmodel on the simple cubic lattice the critical temperature is given to within\n0.003% of the best available estimate; the exponent ratios $\\beta/\\nu$ and\n$\\gamma/\\nu$ are given to within about 0.4% and 1%, respectively, of the\nliterature values. In both two and three dimensions, results for the {\\it\nantiferromagnetic} critical point are fully consistent with those of the\nferromagnetic transition. Application to the lattice gas with nearest-neighbor\nexclusion on the square lattice again yields the critical chemical potential\nand exponent ratios $\\beta/\\nu$ and $\\gamma/\\nu$ to good precision."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics approach to the phase unwrapping problem: The use of Mean-Field theory to unwrap principal phase patterns has been\nrecently proposed. In this paper we generalize the Mean-Field approach to\nprocess phase patterns with arbitrary degree of undersampling. The phase\nunwrapping problem is formulated as that of finding the ground state of a\nlocally constrained, finite size, spin-L Ising model under a non-uniform\nmagnetic field. The optimization problem is solved by the Mean-Field Annealing\ntechnique. Synthetic experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed\nalgorithm.",
        "positive": "Magnetization and Lyapunov exponents on a kagome chain with multi-site\n  exchange interaction: The Ising approximation of the Heisenberg model in a strong magnetic field,\nwith two, three and six spin exchange interactions is studied on a kagome\nchain. The kagome chain can be considered as an approximation of the third\nlayer of 3He absorbed on the surface of graphite (kagome lattice). By using\ndynamical approach we have found one and multi-dimensional mappings (recursion\nrelations) for the partition function. The magnetization diagrams are plotted\nand they show that the kagome chain is separating into four sublattices with\ndifferent magnetizations. Magnetization curves of two sublattices exhibit\nplateaus at zero and 2/3 of the saturation field. The maximal Lyapunov exponent\nfor multi-dimensional mapping is considered and it is shown that near the\nmagnetization plateaus the maximal Lyapunov exponent also exhibits plateaus."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Neural-network quantum state study of the long-range antiferromagnetic\n  Ising chain: We investigate quantum phase transitions in the transverse field Ising chain\nwith algebraically decaying long-range antiferromagnetic interactions by using\nthe variational Monte Carlo method with the restricted Boltzmann machine being\nemployed as a trial wave function ansatz. In the finite-size scaling analysis\nwith the order parameter and the second R\\'enyi entropy, we find that the\ncentral charge deviates from 1/2 at a small decay exponent $\\alpha_\\mathrm{LR}$\nin contrast to the critical exponents staying very close to the short-range\n(SR) Ising values regardless of $\\alpha_\\mathrm{LR}$ examined, supporting the\npreviously proposed scenario of conformal invariance breakdown. To identify the\nthreshold of the Ising universality and the conformal symmetry, we perform two\nadditional tests for the universal Binder ratio and the conformal field theory\n(CFT) description of the correlation function. It turns out that both indicate\na noticeable deviation from the SR Ising class at $\\alpha_\\mathrm{LR} < 2$.\nHowever, a closer look at the scaled correlation function for\n$\\alpha_\\mathrm{LR} \\ge 2$ shows a gradual change from the asymptotic line of\nthe CFT verified at $\\alpha_\\mathrm{LR} = 3$, providing a rough estimate of the\nthreshold being in the range of $2 \\lesssim \\alpha_\\mathrm{LR} < 3$.",
        "positive": "Different critical behaviors in cubic to trigonal and tetragonal\n  perovskites: Perovskites like LaAlO3 (or SrTiO3) undergo displacive structural phase\ntransitions from a cubic crystal to a trigonal (or tetragonal) structure. For\nmany years, the critical exponents in both these types of transitions have been\nfitted to those of the isotropic three-components Heisenberg model. However,\nfield theoretical calculations showed that the isotropic fixed point of the\nrenormalization group is unstable, and renormalization group iterations flow\neither to a cubic fixed point or to a fluctuation-driven first-order\ntransition. Here we show that these two scenarios correspond to the cubic to\ntrigonal and to the cubic to tetragonal transitions, respectively. In both\ncases, the critical behavior is described by slowly varying effective critical\nexponents, which exhibit universal features. For the trigonal case, we predict\na crossover of the effective exponents from their Ising values to their cubic\nvalues (which are close to the isotropic ones). For the tetragonal case, the\neffective exponents can have the isotropic values over a wide temperature\nrange, before exhibiting large changes en route to the first-order transition.\nNew renormalization group calculations near the isotropic fixed point in three\ndimensions are presented and used to estimate the effective exponents, and\ndedicated experiments to test these predictions are proposed. Similar\npredictions apply to cubic magnetic and ferroelectric systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Application of the Interface Approach in Quantum Ising Models: We investigate phase transitions in the Ising model and the ANNNI model in\ntransverse field using the interface approach. The exact result of the Ising\nchain in a transverse field is reproduced. We find that apart from the\ninterfacial energy, there are two other response functions which show simple\nscaling behaviour. For the ANNNI model in a transverse field, the phase diagram\ncan be fully studied in the region where a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase\ntransition occurs. The other region can be studied partially; the boundary\nwhere the antiphase vanishes can be estimated.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear subdiffusive fractional equations and aggregation phenomenon: In this article we address the problem of the nonlinear interaction of\nsubdiffusive particles. We introduce the random walk model in which statistical\ncharacteristics of a random walker such as escape rate and jump distribution\ndepend on the mean field density of particles. We derive a set of nonlinear\nsubdiffusive fractional master equations and consider their diffusion\napproximations. We show that these equations describe the transition from an\nintermediate subdiffusive regime to asymptotically normal advection-diffusion\ntransport regime. This transition is governed by nonlinear tempering parameter\nthat generalizes the standard linear tempering. We illustrate the general\nresults through the use of the examples from cell and population biology. We\nfind that a nonuniform anomalous exponent has a strong influence on the\naggregation phenomenon."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Monte Carlo simulations for the Bose-Hubbard model with random\n  chemical potential; localized Bose-Einstein condensation without\n  superfluidity: The hardcore-Bose-Hubbard model with random chemical potential is\ninvestigated using quantum Monte Carlo simulation. We consider two cases of\nrandom distribution of the chemical potential: a uniformly random distribution\nand a correlated distribution. The temperature dependences of the superfluid\ndensity, the specific heat, and the correlation functions are calculated. If\nthe distribution of the randomness is correlated, there exists an intermediate\nstate, which can be thought of as a localized condensate state of bosons,\nbetween the superfluid state and the normal state.",
        "positive": "Calogero-Sutherland Type Models in Higher Dimensions: We construct two different Calogero-Sutherland type models with only two-body\ninteractions in arbitrary dimensions. We obtain some exact wave functions,\nincluding the ground states, of these two models for arbitrary number of\nspinless nonrelativistic particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Polymer collapse of a self-avoiding trail model on a two-dimensional\n  inhomogeneous lattice: The study of the effect of random impurities on the collapse of a flexible\npolymer in dilute solution has had recent attention with consideration of\nsemi-stiff interacting self-avoiding walks on the square lattice. In the\nabsence of impurities the model displays two types of collapsed phase, one of\nwhich is both anisotropically ordered and maximally dense (crystal-like). In\nthe presence of impurities the study showed that the crystal type phase\ndisappears. Here we investigate extended interacting self-avoiding trails on\nthe triangular lattice with random impurities. Without impurities this model\nalso displays two collapsed phases, one of which is maximally dense. However,\nthis maximally dense phase is not ordered anisotropically. The trails are\nsimulated using the flatPERM algorithm and the inhomogeneity is realised as a\nrandom fraction of the lattice that is unavailable to the trails. We calculate\nseveral thermodynamic and metric quantities to map out the phase diagram and\nlook at how the amount of disorder affects the properties of each phase but\nespecially the maximally dense phase. Our results indicate that while the\nmaximally dense phase in the trail model is affected less than in the walk\nmodel it is also disrupted and becomes a denser version of the globule phase so\nthat the model with impurities only displays no more than one true\nthermodynamic collapsed phase.",
        "positive": "Coexistence of energy diffusion and local thermalization in\n  nonequilibrium XXZ spin chains with integrability breaking: In this work we analyze the simultaneous emergence of diffusive energy\ntransport and local thermalization in a nonequilibrium one-dimensional quantum\nsystem, as a result of integrability breaking. Specifically, we discuss the\nlocal properties of the steady state induced by thermal boundary driving in a\nXXZ spin chain with staggered magnetic field. By means of efficient large-scale\nmatrix product simulations of the equation of motion of the system, we\ncalculate its steady state in the long-time limit.We start by discussing the\nenergy transport supported by the system, finding it to be ballistic in the\nintegrable limit and diffusive when the staggered field is finite.\nSubsequently, we examine the reduced density operators of neighboring sites and\nfind that for large systems they are well approximated by local thermal states\nof the underlying Hamiltonian in the nonintegrable regime, even for weak\nstaggered fields. In the integrable limit, on the other hand, this behavior is\nlost, and the identification of local temperatures is no longer possible. Our\nresults agree with the intuitive connection between energy diffusion and\nthermalization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The distribution of the number of node neighbors in random hypergraphs: Hypergraphs, graph generalizations where edges are conglomerates of $r$ nodes\ncalled hyperedges of rank $r\\geq 2$, are excellent models to study systems with\ninteractions that are beyond the pairwise level. For hypergraphs, the node\ndegree $\\ell$ (number of hyperedges connected to a node) and the number of\nneighbors $k$ of a node differ from each other in contrast to the case of\ngraphs. Here, I calculate the distribution of the number of node neighbors in\nrandom hypergraphs in which hyperedges of uniform rank $r$ have a homogeneous\nprobability $p$ to appear. This distribution is equivalent to the degree\ndistribution of ensembles of projected graphs from hypergraph or bipartite\nnetwork ensembles, where the projection connects any two nodes in the projected\ngraph when they are also connected in the hypergraph or bipartite network. The\ncalculation is non-trivial due to the possibility that neighbor nodes belong\nsimultaneously to multiple hyperedges (node overlaps). From the exact results,\nthe traditional sparse (small $p$) asymptotic approximation to the distribution\nis rederived and improved; the approximation exhibits Poisson-like behavior\naccompanied by strong fluctuations modulated by power-law decays in the system\nsize $N$ with decay exponents equal to the minimum number of overlapping nodes\npossible for a given number of neighbors. It is shown that the dense limit\ncannot be explained if overlaps are ignored, and the correct asymptotic\ndistribution is provided. The neighbor distribution requires the calculation of\na new combinatorial coefficient $Q_{r-1}(k,\\ell)$, counting the number of\ndistinct labelled hypergraphs of $k$ nodes, $\\ell$ hyperedges of rank $r-1$,\nand where every node is connected to at least one hyperedge. Some identities of\n$Q_{r-1}(k,\\ell)$ are derived and applied to the verification of normalization\nand the calculation of moments of the neighbor distribution.",
        "positive": "Phase-shift inversion in oscillator systems with periodically switching\n  couplings: A system's response to external periodic changes can provide crucial\ninformation about its dynamical properties. We investigate the synchronization\ntransition, an archetypical example of a dynamic phase transition, in the\nframework of such a temporal response. The Kuramoto model under periodically\nswitching interactions has the same type of phase transition as the original\nmean-field model. Furthermore, we see that the signature of the synchronization\ntransition appears in the relative delay of the order parameter with respect to\nthe phase of oscillating interactions as well. Specifically, the phase shift\nbecomes significantly larger as the system gets closer to the phase transition\nso that the order parameter at the minimum interaction density can even be\nlarger than that at the maximum interaction density, counterintuitively. We\nargue that this phase-shift inversion is caused by the diverging relaxation\ntime, in a similar way to the resonance near the critical point in the kinetic\nIsing model. Our result, based on exhaustive simulations on globally coupled\nsystems as well as scale-free networks, shows that an oscillator system's phase\ntransition can be manifested in the temporal response to the topological\ndynamics of the underlying connection structure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic phases and transitions of the two-species Bose-Hubbard model: A model of two-species bosons moving on the sites of a lattice is studied at\nnonzero temperature, focusing on magnetic order and superfluid-insulator\ntransitions. Firstly, Landau theory is used to find the general structure of\nthe phase diagram, and in particular to demonstrate the presence of first-order\ntransitions and hysteresis in the vicinity of a multicritical point. Secondly,\nan explicit thermodynamic phase diagram is calculated using an approach based\non a field-theoretical description of the Bose-Hubbard model, which\nincorporates the crucial effects of particle-number fluctuations. The maximum\ntransition temperature to a magnetically ordered Mott insulator is found to be\nlimited by the presence of the superfluid phase.",
        "positive": "Impact of rough potentials in rocked ratchet performance: We consider thermal ratchets modeled by overdamped Brownian motion in a\nspatially periodic potential with a tilting process, both unbiased on average.\nWe investigate the impact of the introduction of roughness in the potential\nprofile, over the flux and efficiency of the ratchet. Both amplitude and\nwavelength that characterize roughness are varied. We show that depending on\nthe ratchet parameters, rugosity can either spoil or enhance the ratchet\nperformance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium theory of enzyme chemotaxis and enhanced diffusion: Enhanced diffusion and anti-chemotaxis of enzymes have been reported in\nseveral experiments in the last decade, opening up entirely new avenues of\nresearch in the bio-nanosciences both at the applied and fundamental level.\nHere, we introduce a novel theoretical framework, rooted in non-equilibrium\neffects characteristic of catalytic cycles, that explains all observations made\nso far in this field. In addition, our theory predicts entirely novel effects,\nsuch as dissipation-induced switch between anti-chemotactic and chemotactic\nbehavior.",
        "positive": "A Variance Reduction Technique for the Stochastic Liouville-von Neuman\n  Equation: The Stochastic Liouville-von Neumann equation provides an exact numerical\nsimulation strategy for quantum systems interacting with Gaussian reservoirs\n[J.T. Stockburger & H. Grabert, PRL 88, 170407 (2002)]. Its scaling with the\nextension of the time interval covered has recently improved dramatically\nthrough time-domain projection techniques [J.T. Stockburger, EPL 115, 40010\n(2016)]. Here we present a sampling strategy which results in a significantly\nimproved scaling with the strength of the dissipative interaction, based on\nreducing the non-unitary terms in sample propagation through convex\noptimization techniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Localization due to topological stochastic disorder in active networks: An active network is a prototype model in non-equilibrium statistical\nmechanics. It can represent, for example, a system with particles that have a\nself-propulsion mechanism. Each node of the network specifies a possible\nlocation of a particle, and its orientation. The orientation (which is formally\nlike a spin degree of freedom) determines the self-propulsion direction. The\nbonds represent the possibility to make transitions: to hop between locations;\nor to switch the orientation. In systems of experimental interest (Janus\nparticles), the self-propulsion is induced by illumination. An emergent aspect\nis the topological stochastic disorder (TSD). It is implied by the\nnon-uniformity of the illumination. In technical terms the TSD reflects the\nlocal non-zero circulations (affinities) of the stochastic transitions. This\ntype of disorder, unlike non-homogeneous magnetic field, is non-hermitian, and\ncan lead to the emergence of a complex relaxation spectrum. It is therefore\ndramatically distinct from the conservative Anderson-type or Sinai-type\ndisorder. We discuss the consequences of having TSD. In particular we\nilluminate 3~different routes to under-damped relaxation, and show that\nlocalization plays a major role in the analysis. Implications of the bulk-edge\ncorrespondence principle are addressed too.",
        "positive": "Stochastically forced dislocation density distribution in plastic\n  deformation: The dynamical evolution of dislocations in plastically deformed metals is\ncontrolled by both deterministic factors arising out of applied loads and\nstochastic effects appearing due to fluctuations of internal stress. Such type\nof stochastic dislocation processes and the associated spatially inhomogeneous\nmodes lead to randomness in the observed deformation structure. Previous\nstudies have analyzed the role of randomness in such textural evolution but\nnone of these models have considered the impact of a finite decay time (all\nprevious models assumed instantaneous relaxation which is \"unphysical\") of the\nstochastic perturbations in the overall dynamics of the system. The present\narticle bridges this knowledge gap by introducing a colored noise in the form\nof an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise in the analysis of a class of linear and\nnonlinear Wiener and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes that these structural\ndislocation dynamics could be mapped on to. Based on an analysis of the\nrelevant Fokker-Planck model, our results show that linear Wiener processes\nremain unaffected by the second time scale in the problem but all nonlinear\nprocesses, both Wiener type and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type, scale as a function of\nthe noise decay time $\\tau$. The results are expected to ramify existing\nexperimental observations and inspire new numerical and laboratory tests to\ngain further insight into the competition between deterministic and random\neffects in modeling plastically deformed samples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase structure of intrinsic curvature models on dynamically\n  triangulated disk with fixed boundary length: A first-order phase transition is found in two types of intrinsic curvature\nmodels defined on dynamically triangulated surfaces of disk topology. The\nintrinsic curvature energy is included in the Hamiltonian. The smooth phase is\nseparated from a non-smooth phase by the transition. The crumpled phase, which\nis different from the non-smooth phase, also appears at sufficiently small\ncurvature coefficient $\\alpha$. The phase structure of the model on the disk is\nidentical to that of the spherical surface model, which was investigated by us\nand reported previously. Thus, we found that the phase structure of the fluid\nsurface model with intrinsic curvature is independent of whether the surface is\nclosed or open.",
        "positive": "Ion induced solid flow: Amorphous solids can flow over very long periods of time. Solid flow can also\nbe artificially enhanced by creating defects, as by Ion Beam Sputtering (IBS)\nin which collimated ions with energies in the 0.1 to 10 keV range impact a\nsolid target, eroding its surface and inducing formation of nanometric\nstructures. Recent experiments have challenged knowledge accumulated during the\nlast two decades so that a basic understanding of self-organized nano-pattern\nformation under IBS is still lacking. We show that considering the irradiated\nsolid to flow like a highly viscous liquids can account for the complex IBS\nmorphological phase diagram, relegating erosion to a subsidiary role and\ndemonstrating a controllable instance of solid flow at the nanoscale. This new\nperspective can allow for a full harnessing of this bottom-up route to\nnanostructuring."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantitative and Interpretable Order Parameters for Phase Transitions\n  from Persistent Homology: We apply modern methods in computational topology to the task of discovering\nand characterizing phase transitions. As illustrations, we apply our method to\nfour two-dimensional lattice spin models: the Ising, square ice, XY, and\nfully-frustrated XY models. In particular, we use persistent homology, which\ncomputes the births and deaths of individual topological features as a\ncoarse-graining scale or sublevel threshold is increased, to summarize\nmultiscale and high-point correlations in a spin configuration. We employ\nvector representations of this information called persistence images to\nformulate and perform the statistical task of distinguishing phases. For the\nmodels we consider, a simple logistic regression on these images is sufficient\nto identify the phase transition. Interpretable order parameters are then read\nfrom the weights of the regression. This method suffices to identify\nmagnetization, frustration, and vortex-antivortex structure as relevant\nfeatures for phase transitions in our models. We also define \"persistence\"\ncritical exponents and study how they are related to those critical exponents\nusually considered.",
        "positive": "First- and Second-Order Transitions between Quantum and Classical\n  Regimes for the Escape Rate of a Spin System: We have found a novel feature of the bistable large-spin model described by\nthe Hamiltonian H = -DS_z^2 - H_xS_x.The crossover from thermal to quantum\nregime for the escape rate can be either first (H_x<SD/2) or second\n(SD/2<H_x<2SD) order, that is, sharp or smooth, depending on the strength of\nthe transverse field. This prediction can be tested experimentally in molecular\nmagnets like Mn_12Ac."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Liquid-vapour phase behaviour of a symmetrical binary fluid mixture: Using Monte-Carlo simulation and mean field calculations, we study the\nliquid-vapour phase diagram of a square well binary fluid mixture as a function\nof a parameter $\\delta$ measuring the relative strength of interactions between\nparticles of dissimilar and similar species. The results reveal a rich variety\nof liquid-vapour coexistence behaviour as $\\delta$ is tuned. Specifically, we\nuncover critical end point behaviour, a triple point involving a vapour and two\nliquids of different density, and tricritical behaviour. For a certain range of\n$\\delta$, the mean field calculations also predict a `hidden' (metastable)\nliquid-vapour binodal.",
        "positive": "First Order Phase Transition in a Reaction-Diffusion Model With Open\n  Boundary: The Yang-Lee Theory Approach: A coagulation-decoagulation model is introduced on a chain of length L with\nopen boundary. The model consists of one species of particles which diffuse,\ncoagulate and decoagulate preferentially in the leftward direction. They are\nalso injected and extracted from the left boundary with different rates. We\nwill show that on a specific plane in the space of parameters, the steady state\nweights can be calculated exactly using a matrix product method. The model\nexhibits a first-order phase transition between a low-density and a\nhigh-density phase. The density profile of the particles in each phase is\nobtained both analytically and using the Monte Carlo Simulation. The two-point\ndensity-density correlation function in each phase has also been calculated. By\napplying the Yang-Lee theory we can predict the same phase diagram for the\nmodel. This model is further evidence for the applicability of the Yang-Lee\ntheory in the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics context."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Stirling engine operating in contact with active baths: A Stirling engine made of a colloidal particle in contact with a\nnonequilibrium bath is considered and analyzed with the tools of stochastic\nenergetics. We model the bath by non Gaussian persistent noise acting on the\ncolloidal particle. Depending on the chosen definition of an isothermal\ntransformation in this nonequilibrium setting, we find that either the\nenergetics of the engine parallels that of its equilibrium counterpart or, in\nthe simplest case, that it ends up being less efficient. Persistence, more than\nnon Gaussian effects, are responsible for this result.",
        "positive": "Density profile of noninteracting fermions in a rotating $2d$ trap at\n  finite temperature: We study the average density of $N$ spinless noninteracting fermions in a\n$2d$ harmonic trap rotating with a constant frequency $\\Omega$ and in the\npresence of an additional repulsive central potential $\\gamma/r^2$. The average\ndensity at zero temperature was recently studied in Phys. Rev. A\n$\\textbf{103}$, 033321 (2021) and an interesting multi-layered \"wedding cake\"\nstructure with a \"hole\" at the center was found for the density in the large\n$N$ limit. In this paper, we study the average density at finite temperature.\nWe demonstrate how this \"wedding-cake\" structure is modified at finite\ntemperature. These large $N$ results warrant going much beyond the standard\nLocal Density Approximation. We also generalize our results to a wide variety\nof trapping potentials and demonstrate the universality of the associated\nscaling functions both in the bulk and at the edges of the \"wedding-cake\"."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transition of a Skeleton Model for Surfaces: A spherical model of skeleton with junctions is investigated by Monte Carlo\nsimulations. The model is governed by one-dimensional bending energy. The\nresults indicate that the model undergoes a first-order transition separating\nthe smooth phase from the crumpled phase. The existence of phase transition\nindicates that junctions play a non-trivial role in the transition.",
        "positive": "Statistics of bounded processes driven by Poisson white noise: We study the statistical properties of jump processes in a bounded domain\nthat are driven by Poisson white noise. We derive the corresponding\nKolmogorov-Feller equation and provide a general representation for its\nstationary solutions. Exact stationary solutions of this equation are found and\nanalyzed in two particular cases. All our analytical findings are confirmed by\nnumerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the connection between Random Waves and Quantum Fields. Duality\n  between nodal lines statistic and the Casimir energy: Using the statistical description common to random waves and quantum fields\nwe show how the probability of having a nodal line close to a (translationally\nsymmetric) reference curve $\\gamma$ is related to the Casimir energy of an\nappropriate configuration of conductors.",
        "positive": "Collisionless modes of a trapped Bose gas: We calculate the excitation frequencies of the m=0 monopole and m=2\nquadrupole modes in the collisionless regime by solving a non-linear\nSchroedinger equation for the condensate, coupled to a collisionless Boltzmann\nequation for the quasiparticles. Since the dynamics of the noncondensate cloud\nis also taken into account, the theory satisfies the Kohn theorem. The spectrum\nturns out to be strongly temperature dependent and we compare our results with\nexperiment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation and coarsening in the bidimensional voter model: We study the bidimensional voter model on a square lattice with numerical\nsimulations. We demonstrate that the evolution takes place in two distinct\ndynamic regimes; a first approach towards critical site percolation and a\nfurther approach towards full consensus. We calculate the time-dependence of\nthe two growing lengths finding that they are both algebraic though with\ndifferent exponents (apart from possible logarithmic corrections). We analyse\nthe morphology and statistics of clusters of voters with the same opinion. We\ncompare these results to the ones for curvature driven two-dimensional\ncoarsening.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium correlations in charged fluids coupled to the radiation\n  field: We provide an exact microscopic statistical treatment of particle and field\ncorrelations in a system of quantum charges in equilibrium with a classical\nradiation field. Using the Feynman-Kac-Ito representation of the Gibbs weight,\nthe system of particles is mapped onto a collection of random charged wires.\nThe field degrees of freedom can be integrated out, providing an effective\npairwise magnetic potential. We then calculate the contribution of the\ntransverse field coupling to the large-distance particle correlations. The\nasymptotics of the field correlations in the plasma are also exactly\ndetermined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The sign phase transition in the problem of interfering directed paths: We investigate the statistical properties of interfering directed paths in\ndisordered media. At long distance, the average sign of the sum over paths may\ntend to zero (sign-disordered) or remain finite (sign-ordered) depending on\ndimensionality and the concentration of negative scattering sites $x$. We show\nthat in two dimensions the sign-ordered phase is unstable even for arbitrarily\nsmall $x$ by identifying rare destabilizing events. In three dimensions, we\npresent strong evidence that there is a sign phase transition at a finite $x_c\n> 0$. These results have consequences for several different physical systems.\nIn 2D insulators at low temperature, the variable range hopping\nmagnetoresistance is always negative, while in 3D, it changes sign at the point\nof the sign phase transition. We also show that in the sign-disordered regime a\nsmall magnetic field may enhance superconductivity in a random system of D-wave\nsuperconducting grains embedded into a metallic matrix. Finally, the existence\nof the sign phase transition in 3D implies new features in the spin glass phase\ndiagram at high temperature.",
        "positive": "Langevin formulation of a subdiffusive continuous time random walk in\n  physical time: Systems living in complex non equilibrated environments often exhibit\nsubdiffusion characterized by a sublinear power-law scaling of the mean square\ndisplacement. One of the most common models to describe such subdiffusive\ndynamics is the continuous time random walk (CTRW). Stochastic trajectories of\na CTRW can be described mathematically in terms of a subordination of a normal\ndiffusive process by an inverse Levy-stable process. Here, we propose a simpler\nLangevin formulation of CTRWs without subordination. By introducing a new type\nof non-Gaussian noise, we are able to express the CTRW dynamics in terms of a\nsingle Langevin equation in physical time with additive noise. We derive the\nfull multi-point statistics of this noise and compare it with the noise driving\nscaled Brownian motion (SBM), an alternative stochastic model describing\nsubdiffusive behaviour. Interestingly, these two noises are identical up to the\nlevel of the 2nd order correlation functions, but different in the higher order\nstatistics. We extend our formalism to general waiting time distributions and\nforce fields, and compare our results with those of SBM."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The O(n) $\u03c6^4$ model with free surfaces in the large-$n$ limit: Some\n  exact results for boundary critical behaviour, fluctuation-induced forces and\n  distant-wall corrections: The $O(n)$ ${\\phi}^4$ model on a slab $\\mathbb{R}^{d-1}\\times[0,L]$ bounded\nby free surfaces is studied for $2<d<4$ in the limit $n\\to\\infty$. The\nself-consistent potential $V(z)$ which the exact $n\\to\\infty$ solution of the\nmodel involves is analysed by means of boundary operator expansions. Building\non the known exact $n\\to\\infty$ solution for $V(z)$ in the semi-infinite case\n$L=\\infty$ at the bulk critical point, we exactly determine two types of\ncorrections to this potential: (i) those linear in the temperature scaling\nfield $t$ at $L=\\infty$, and (ii) the leading $L$-dependent (distant-wall)\ncorrections at the critical point. From (i) exact analytical results at $d=3$\nare obtained for the leading temperature singularity of the excess surface free\nenergy and the implied asymptotic behaviours of the scaling functions\n$\\Theta_3(x)$ and $\\vartheta_3(x)$ of the residual free energy $f_{\\rm res}\n=L^{1-d}\\,\\Theta_d(tL)$ and the critical Casimir force $\\beta\\mathcal{F}_{\\rm\nC}(T,L)=L^{-d}\\,\\vartheta_d(tL)$ in the limit $x\\to 0\\pm$. The second\nderivative $\\vartheta_3''(0)$ is computed exactly.",
        "positive": "Thermal response in driven diffusive systems: Evaluating the linear response of a driven system to a change in environment\ntemperature(s) is essential for understanding thermal properties of\nnonequilibrium systems. The system is kept in weak contact with possibly\ndifferent fast relaxing mechanical, chemical or thermal equilibrium reservoirs.\nModifying one of the temperatures creates both entropy fluxes and changes in\ndynamical activity. That is not unlike mechanical response of nonequilibrium\nsystems but the extra difficulty for perturbation theory via path-integration\nis that for a Langevin dynamics temperature also affects the noise amplitude\nand not only the drift part. Using a discrete-time mesh adapted to the\nnumerical integration one avoids that ultraviolet problem and we arrive at a\nfluctuation expression for its thermal susceptibility. The algorithm appears\nstable under taking even finer resolution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On entropy in eulerian thermodynamics: To the student of thermodynamics the most difficult subject is entropy. In\nthis paper we examine the actual, practical application of entropy to two\nsimple systems, the homogeneous slab with fixed boundary values of the\ntemperature, and an isolated atmosphere in the presence of the static\ngravitational field. The first gives valuable insight into the nature of\nentropy that is subsequently applied to the second system.\n  It is a basic tenet of thermodynamics that the equilibrium of an extended,\nhomogeneous and isolated system is characterized by a uniform temperature\ndistribution and it is a strongly held belief that this remains true in the\npresence of gravity. We find that this is consistent with the equations of\nextended thermodynamics but that entropy enters in an essential way. The\nprinciple of equivalence takes on a new aspect.",
        "positive": "Exact results for curvature-driven coarsening in two dimensions: We consider the statistics of the areas enclosed by domain boundaries\n(`hulls') during the curvature-driven coarsening dynamics of a two-dimensional\nnonconserved scalar field from a disordered initial state. We show that the\nnumber of hulls per unit area that enclose an area greater than $A$ has, for\nlarge time $t$, the scaling form $N_h(A,t) = 2c/(A+\\lambda t)$, demonstrating\nthe validity of dynamical scaling in this system, where $c=1/8\\pi\\sqrt{3}$ is a\nuniversal constant. Domain areas (regions of aligned spins) have a similar\ndistribution up to very large values of $A/\\lambda t$. Identical forms are\nobtained for coarsening from a critical initial state, but with $c$ replaced by\n$c/2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "1D Three-state mean-field Potts model with first- and second-order phase\n  transitions: We analyze a three-state Potts model built over a lattice ring, with coupling\n$J_0$, and the fully connected graph, with coupling $J$. This model is\neffectively mean-field and can be exactly solved by using transfer-matrix\nmethod and Cardano formula. When $J$ and $J_0$ are both ferromagnetic, the\nmodel has a first-order phase transition which turns out to be a smooth\nmodification of the known phase transition of the traditional mean-field Potts\nmodel ($J_0=0$), despite, as we prove, the connected correlation functions are\nnow non zero, even in the paramagnetic phase. Furthermore, besides the\nfirst-order transition, there exists also a hidden continuous transition at a\ntemperature below which the symmetric metastable state ceases to exist. When\n$J$ is ferromagnetic and $J_0$ antiferromagnetic, a similar antiferromagnetic\ncounterpart phase transition scenario applies. Quite interestingly, differently\nfrom the Ising-like two-state case, for large values of the antiferromagnetic\ncoupling $J_0$, the critical temperature of the system tends to a finite value.",
        "positive": "Critical exponents from parallel plate geometries subject to periodic\n  and antiperiodic boundary conditions: We introduce a renormalized 1PI vertex part scalar field theory setting in\nmomentum space to computing the critical exponents $\\nu$ and $\\eta$, at least\nat two-loop order, for a layered parallel plate geometry separated by a\ndistance L, with periodic as well as antiperiodic boundary conditions on the\nplates. We utilize massive and massless fields in order to extract the\nexponents in independent ultraviolet and infrared scaling analysis,\nrespectively, which are required in a complete description of the scaling\nregions for finite size systems. We prove that fixed points and other critical\namounts either in the ultraviolet or in the infrared regime dependent on the\nplates boundary condition are a general feature of normalization conditions. We\nintroduce a new description of typical crossover regimes occurring in finite\nsize systems. Avoiding these crossovers, the three regions of finite size\nscaling present for each of these boundary conditions are shown to be\nindistinguishable in the results of the exponents in periodic and antiperiodic\nconditions, which coincide with those from the (bulk) infinite system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of vesicle growth and instability: We describe the growth of vesicles, due to the accretion of lipid molecules\nto their surface, in terms of linear irreversible thermodynamics. Our treatment\ndiffers from those previously put forward by consistently including the energy\nof the membrane in the thermodynamic description. We calculate the critical\nradius at which the spherical vesicle becomes unstable to a change of shape in\nterms of the parameters of the model. The analysis is carried out both for the\ncase when the increase in volume is due to the absorption of water and when a\nsolute is also absorbed through the walls of the vesicle.",
        "positive": "Kink Solution in a Fluid Model of Traffic Flows: Traffic jam in a fluid model of traffic flows proposed by Kerner and\nKonh\\\"auser (B. S. Kerner and P. Konh\\\"auser, Phys. Rev. E 52 (1995), 5574.) is\nanalyzed. An analytic scaling solution is presented near the critical point of\nthe hetero-clinic bifurcation. The validity of the solution has been confirmed\nfrom the comparison with the simulation of the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "General solution of an exact correlation function factorization in\n  conformal field theory: We discuss a correlation function factorization, which relates a three-point\nfunction to the square root of three two-point functions. This factorization is\nknown to hold for certain scaling operators at the two-dimensional percolation\npoint and in a few other cases. The correlation functions are evaluated in the\nupper half-plane (or any conformally equivalent region) with operators at two\narbitrary points on the real axis, and a third arbitrary point on either the\nreal axis or in the interior. This type of result is of interest because it is\nboth exact and universal, relates higher-order correlation functions to\nlower-order ones, and has a simple interpretation in terms of cluster or loop\nprobabilities in several statistical models. This motivated us to use the\ntechniques of conformal field theory to determine the general conditions for\nits validity.\n  Here, we discover a correlation function which factorizes in this way for any\ncentral charge c, generalizing previous results. In particular, the\nfactorization holds for either FK (Fortuin-Kasteleyn) or spin clusters in the\nQ-state Potts models; it also applies to either the dense or dilute phases of\nthe O(n) loop models. Further, only one other non-trivial set of highest-weight\noperators (in an irreducible Verma module) factorizes in this way. In this case\nthe operators have negative dimension (for c < 1) and do not seem to have a\nphysical realization.",
        "positive": "Density functional formalism in the canonical ensemble: Density functional theory, when applied to systems with $T\\neq 0$, is based\non the grand canonical extension of the Hohenberg-Kohn-Sham theorem due to\nMermin (HKSM theorem). While a straightforward canonical ensemble\ngeneralization fails, work in nanopore systems could certainly benefit from\nsuch extension. We show that, if the asymptotic behaviour of the canonical\ndistribution functions is taken into account, the HKSM theorem can be extended\nto the canonical ensemble. We generate $N$-modified correlation and\ndistribution functions hierarchies and prove that, if they are employed, either\na modified external field or the density profiles can be indistinctly used as\nindependent variables. We also write down the $N$% -modified free energy\nfunctional and prove that its minimum is reached when the equilibrium values of\nthe new hierarchy are used. This completes the extension of the HKSM theorem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Heat-Conducting Near-Critical Fluids: Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study supercritical fluids near the\ngas-liquid critical point under heat flow in two dimensions. We calculate the\nsteady-state temperature and density profiles. The resultant thermal\nconductivity exhibits critical singularity in agreement with the mode-coupling\ntheory in two dimensions. We also calculate distributions of the momentum and\nheat fluxes at fixed density. They indicate that liquid-like (entropy-poor)\nclusters move toward the warmer boundary and gas-like (entropy-rich) regions\nmove toward the cooler boundary in a temperature gradient. This counterflow\nresults in critical enhancement of the thermal conductivity.",
        "positive": "Derivation of a Non-Local Interfacial Hamiltonian for Short-Ranged\n  Wetting II: General Diagrammatic Structure: In our first paper, we showed how a non-local effective Hamiltionian for\nshort-ranged wetting may be derived from an underlying Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson\nmodel. Here, we combine the Green's function method with standard perturbation\ntheory to determine the general diagrammatic form of the binding potential\nfunctional beyond the double-parabola approximation for the\nLandau-Ginzburg-Wilson bulk potential. The main influence of cubic and quartic\ninteractions is simply to alter the coefficients of the double parabola-like\nzig-zag diagrams and also to introduce curvature and tube-interaction\ncorrections (also represented diagrammatically), which are of minor importance.\nNon-locality generates effective long-ranged many-body interfacial interactions\ndue to the reflection of tube-like fluctuations from the wall. Alternative wall\nboundary conditions (with a surface field and enhancement) and the diagrammatic\ndescription of tricritical wetting are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Time Autocorrelation Function of the N-Spin Classical Heisenberg\n  Equivalent Neighbor Model: We reduce the autocorrelation function $C_{11}(t)$ of the equivalent neighbor\nmodel of $N$ classical spins exhibiting Heisenberg dynamics and exchange\ncoupling $J$ to quadrature. As the temperature $T\\to\\infty$, $C_{11}(t)\\propto\nt^{-N}$ for $Jt>>1$. At low $T$, the antiferromagnetic $C_{11}(t)$ is a simple\nfunction of $(JT)^{1/2}t$, exhibiting strong frustration, but the ferromagnetic\n$C_{11}(t)$ oscillates in a single mode the frequency of which approaches $NJ$\nas $T\\to0$. We conjecture that as $T\\to\\infty$, the near-neighbor correlation\nfunctions of $N$-spin classical Heisenberg rings are simply obtained from these\nresults.",
        "positive": "Nonperturbative effect of attractive forces in viscous liquids: We study the role of the attractive intermolecular forces in the viscous\nregime of a simple glass-forming liquid by using computer simulations. To this\nend, we compare the structure and the dynamics of a standard Lennard-Jones\nglass-forming liquid model with and without the attractive tail of the\ninteraction potentials. The viscous slowing down of the two systems are found\nto be quantitatively and qualitatively different over a broad density range,\nwhereas the static pair correlations remain close. The common assumption that\nthe behaviour of dense nonassociated liquids is determined by the short-ranged\nrepulsive part of the intermolecular potentials dramatically breaks down for\nthe relaxation in the viscous liquid regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal engine performance using inference for non-identical finite\n  source and sink: We quantify the prior information to infer the optimal characteristics for a\nconstrained thermodynamic process of maximum work extraction for a pair of\nnon-identical finite systems. The total entropy of the whole system remains\nconserved. The ignorance is assumed about the final temperature of the finite\nsystems and then a prior distribution is assigned to the unknown temperatures.\nWe derive the estimates of efficiency for this reversible model of heat engine\nwith incomplete information. The estimates show good agreement with efficiency\nat optimal work for arbitrary sizes of systems, however the estimates become\nexact when one of the reservoir becomes very large in comparison to the other.",
        "positive": "Conditional maximum entropy and Superstatistics: Superstatistics describes nonequilibrium steady states as superpositions of\ncanonical ensembles with a probability distribution of temperatures. Rather\nthan assume a certain distribution of temperature, recently [J. Phys. A: Math.\nTheor. 53, 045004 (2020)] we have discussed general conditions under which a\nsystem in contact with a finite environment can be described by superstatistics\ntogether with a physically interpretable, microscopic definition of\ntemperature. In this work, we present a new interpretation of this result in\nterms of the standard maximum entropy principle (MaxEnt) using conditional\nexpectation constraints, and provide an example model where this framework can\nbe tested."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The cooperative effect of load and disorder in thermally activated\n  rupture of a two-dimensional random fuse network: A random fuse network, or equivalently a two-dimensional spring network with\nquenched disorder, is subjected to a constant load and thermal noise, and\nstudied by means of numerical simulations. Rupture is thermally activated and\nthe lifetime follows an Arrhenius law where the energy barrier is reduced by\ndisorder. Due to the non-homogeneous distribution of forces from the stress\nconcentration at microcrack tips, spatial correlations between rupture events\nappear, but they do not affect the energy barrier's dependence on the disorder;\nthey affect only the coupling between the disorder and the applied load.",
        "positive": "The induced motion of a probe coupled to a bath with random resettings: We consider a probe linearly coupled to the center of mass of a\nnonequilibrium bath. We study the induced motion on the probe for a model where\na resetting mechanism is added to an overdamped bath dynamics with quadratic\npotentials. The fact that each bath-particle is at random times being reset to\na fixed position is known for optimizing diffusive search strategies, but here\nstands for the nonequilibrium aspect of the bath. In the large bath scaling\nlimit the probe is governed by an effective Langevin equation. Depending on the\nvalue of the parameters, there appear three regimes: (i) an equilibrium-like\nregime but with a reduced friction and an increased effective temperature; (ii)\na regime where the noise felt by the probe is continuous but nonGaussian and\nexhibits fat-tails; (iii) a regime with a nonGaussian noise exhibiting\npower-law distributed jumps. The model thus represents an exactly solvable case\nfor the origin of nonequilibrium probe dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field-Theoretic Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation -- General\n  formulation exemplified with the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation: We introduce a field-theoretic thermodynamic uncertainty relation as an\nextension of the one derived so far for a Markovian dynamics on a discrete set\nof states and for overdamped Langevin equations. We first formulate a framework\nwhich describes quantities like current, entropy production and diffusivity in\nthe case of a generic field theory. We will then apply this general setting to\nthe one-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation, a paradigmatic example of a\nnon-linear field-theoretic Langevin equation. In particular, we will treat the\ndimensionless Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation with an effective coupling parameter\nmeasuring the strength of the non-linearity. It will be shown that the\nfield-theoretic thermodynamic uncertainty relation holds up to second order in\na perturbation expansion with respect to a small effective coupling constant.",
        "positive": "Spectral flow of non-hermitian Heisenberg spin chain with complex twist: We investigate the spectral flow of the integrable non-hermitian Heisenberg\nspin chain under boundary conditions with complex twist angle. It is shown that\nthe period of the spectral flow is $4\\pi$ up to a certain critical imaginary\ntwist, beyond which the period jumps successively to higher values. We argue\nthat this phenomenon caused by non-hermitian properties of the system is\nclosely related to the metal-insulator transition caused by non-hermitian\nhoppings for the one-dimensional insulator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean-field solution of the Blume-Capel model under a random crystal\n  field: In this work we investigate the Blume-Capel model with infinite-range\nferromagnetic interactions and under the influence of a quenched disorder - a\nrandom crystal field. For a suitable choice of the random crystal field the\nmodel displays a wealth of multicritical behavior, continuous and first-order\ntransition lines, as well as re-entrant behavior. The resulting phase diagrams\nshow a variety of topologies as a function of the disorder parameter\n$\\textit{p}$. A comparison with recent results on the Blume-Capel model in\nrandom crystal field is discussed.",
        "positive": "Dynamic phase transition theory: Thermodynamic conventions suffer from describing dynamical distinctions,\nespecially when the structural and energetic changes induced by localized rare\nevents are insignificant. By using the ensemble theory in the trajectory space,\nwe present a statistical approach to address this problem.Rather than spatial\nparticle-particle interaction which dominates thermodynamics, the temporal\ncorrelation of events dominates the dynamics. The zeros of dynamic partition\nfunction mark phase transitions in the space-time, i.e. dynamic phase\ntransition (DPT), as Yang and Lee formulate traditional phase transitions, and\nhence determine dynamic phases on both sides of the zeros. Analogous to the\nrole of temperature (pressure) as thermal (mechanical) potential, we interpret\nthe controlling variable of DPT, i.e. dynamic field, as the dynamical\npotential. These findings offer possibility towards a unified picture of phase\nand phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Contact Process on Weighted Planar Stochastic Lattice: We study the absorbing state phase transition in the contact process on the\nWeighted Planar Stochastic (WPS) Lattice. The WPS lattice is multifractal. Its\ndual network has a power-law degree distribution function and is also embedded\nin a bidimensional space. Moreover, it represents a novel way to introduce\ncoordination disorder in lattice models. We investigated the critical behavior\nof the disordered system using extensive simulations. Our results show the\ncritical behavior is distinct from that on a regular lattice, suggesting it\nbelongs to a different universality class. We evaluate the exponent governing\nthe bond fluctuations and our results agree with the Harris-Barghathi-Vojta\ncriterium for relevant fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Slow Encounters of Particle Pairs in Branched Structures: On infinite homogeneous structures, two random walkers meet with certainty if\nand only if the structure is recurrent, i.e., a single random walker returns to\nits starting point with probability 1. However, on general inhomogeneous\nstructures this property does not hold and, although a single random walker\nwill certainly return to its starting point, two moving particles may never\nmeet. This striking property has been shown to hold, for instance, on infinite\ncombs. Due to the huge variety of natural phenomena which can be modeled in\nterms of encounters between two (or more) particles diffusing in comb-like\nstructures, it is fundamental to investigate if and, if so, to what extent\nsimilar effects may take place in finite structures. By means of numerical\nsimulations we evidence that, indeed, even on finite structures, the\ntopological inhomogeneity can qualitatively affect the two-particle problem. In\nparticular, the mean encounter time can be polynomially larger than the time\nexpected from the related one particle problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetics of geminate recombination of subdiffusing particles in the\n  presence of interparticle interaction: The kinetics of geminate subdiffusion-assisted reactions (SDARs) of\ninteracting particles is analyzed in detail with the use of the non-Markovian\nfractional Smoluchowki equation (FSE). It is suggested that the interparticle\ninteraction potential is of the shape of potential well and reactivity is\nlocated within the well. The reaction kinetics is studied in the limit of deep\nwell, in which the FSE can be solved analytically. This solution enables one to\nobtain the kinetics in a simple analytical form. The analytical expression\nshows that the SDAR kinetics fairly substantially depends on the mechanism of\nreactivity within the well. Specific features of the kinetics are thoroughly\nanalyzed in two models of reactivity: the subdiffusion assisted activated rate\nmodel and the first order reaction model. The theory developed is applied to\nthe interpretation of experimental kinetics of photoluminescence decay in\namorphous $a$-Si:H semiconductors governed by geminate recombination of\nelectrons and holes which are recently found to undergo subdiffusive relative\nmotion. Analysis of results demonstrates that the subdiffusion assisted\nactivated rate mechanism of reaction is closer to reality as applied to\namorphous $a$-Si:H semiconductors. Comparison of experimental and theoretical\nkinetics allowed for obtaining some kinetic parameters of the systems under\nstudy: the rate of escaping from the well and the parameter characterizing the\ndeviation of the subdiffusive motion from the conventional one.",
        "positive": "Material Dependence of the Wire-Particle Casimir Interaction: We study the Casimir interaction between a metallic cylindrical wire and a\nmetallic spherical particle by employing the scattering formalism. At large\nseparations, we derive the asymptotic form of the interaction. In addition, we\nfind the interaction between a metallic wire and an isotropic atom, both in the\nnon-retarded and retarded limits. We identify the conditions under which the\nasymptotic Casimir interaction does not depend on the material properties of\nthe metallic wire and the particle. Moreover, we compute the exact Casimir\ninteraction between the particle and the wire numerically. We show that there\nis a complete agreement between the numerics and the asymptotic energies at\nlarge separations. For short separations, our numerical results show good\nagreement with the proximity force approximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partition function zeros and leading order scaling correction of the 3D\n  Ising model from multicanonical simulations: The density of states for the three-dimensional Ising model is calculated\nwith high-precision from multicanonical simulations. This allows us to estimate\nthe leading partition function zeros for lattice sizes up to L=32. Combining\nprevious statistics for smaller lattice sizes, we have evaluated the correction\nto scaling and the critical exponent $\\nu$ through out an analysis of a\nmulti-parameter fit and of Bulirsch-Stoer (BST) extrapolation algorithm. The\nperformance of the BST algorithm is also explored in case of the 2D Ising\nmodel, where the exact partition function zeros are known.",
        "positive": "Virial expansion and condensation with a new generating function: Mayer's convergence method for virial expansion and condensation is studied\nusing a new generating function for canonical partition function, which\ndirectly depends on irreducible cluster integral, $\\beta_k$, unlike Mayer's\nwork where it depends on reducible cluster integral, $b_l$. The virial\nexpansion, criteria for it's validity and criteria for condensation, etc. are\nderived from our generating function. All earlier Mayer's results are obtained\nfrom this new generating function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Model reduction methods for classical stochastic systems with\n  fast-switching environments: reduced master equations, stochastic\n  differential equations, and applications: We study classical stochastic systems with discrete states, coupled to\nswitching external environments. For fast environmental processes we derive\nreduced dynamics for the system itself, focusing on corrections to the\nadiabatic limit of infinite time scale separation. In some cases, this leads to\nmaster equations with negative transition `rates' or bursting events. We devise\na simulation algorithm in discrete time to unravel these master equations into\nsample paths, and provide an interpretation of bursting events. Focusing on\nstochastic population dynamics coupled to external environments, we discuss a\nseries of approximation schemes combining expansions in the inverse switching\nrate of the environment, and a Kramers--Moyal expansion in the inverse size of\nthe population. This places the different approximations in relation to\nexisting work on piecewise-deterministic and piecewise-diffusive Markov\nprocesses. We apply the model reduction methods to different examples including\nsystems in biology and a model of crack propagation.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear walkers and efficient exploration of congested networks: Random walks are the simplest way to explore or search a graph, and have\nrevealed a very useful tool to investigate and characterize the structural\nproperties of complex networks from the real world, e.g. they have been used to\nidentify the modules of a given network, its most central nodes and paths, or\nto determine the typical times to reach a target. Although various types of\nrandom walks whose motion is node biased have been proposed, which are still\namenable to analytical solution, most if not all of them rely on the assumption\nof linearity and independence of the walkers. We introduce a novel class of\nnonlinear stochastic processes describing a system of interacting random\nwalkers moving over networks with finite node capacities. The transition\nprobabilities are modulated by nonlinear functions of the available space at\nthe destination node, with a bias parameter that allows to tune the tendency of\nthe walkers to avoid nodes occupied by other walkers. Firstly, we derive the\nmaster equation governing the dynamics of the system, and we determine an\nanalytical expression for the occupation probability of the walkers at\nequilibrium in the most general case, and under different level of network\ncongestions. Then, we study different type of synthetic and real-world\nnetworks, presenting numerical and analytical results for the entropy rate, a\nproxy for the network exploration capacities of the walkers.We find that, for\neach level of the nonlinear bias, there is an optimal crowding that maximises\nthe entropy rate in a given network topology. The analysis suggests that a\nlarge fraction of real-world networks are organised in such a way as to favour\nexploration under congested conditions. Our work provides a general and\nversatile framework to model nonlinear stochastic processes whose transition\nprobabilities vary in time depending on the current state of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relativistic entropy production for quantum field in cavity: A nonuniformly accelerated quantum field in a cavity undergoes the coordinate\ntransformation of annihilation and creation operators, known as the Bogoliubov\ntransformation. This study considers the entropy production of a quantum field\nin a cavity induced by the Bogoliubov transformation. By classifying the modes\nin the cavity into the system and environment, we obtain the lower bound of the\nentropy production, defined as the sum of the von Neumann entropy in the system\nand the heat dissipated to the environment. This lower bound represents the\nrefined second law of thermodynamics for a quantum field in a cavity and can be\ninterpreted as the Landauer principle, which yields the thermodynamic cost of\nchanging information contained within the system. Moreover, it provides an\nupper bound for the quantum mutual information to quantify the extent of the\ninformation scrambling in the cavity due to acceleration.",
        "positive": "Large deviations and universality in quantum quenches: We study the large deviations statistics of the intensive work done by\nchanging globally a control parameter in a thermally isolated quantum many-body\nsystem. We show that, upon approaching a critical point, large deviations well\nbelow the mean work display universal features related to the critical Casimir\neffect in the corresponding classical system. Large deviations well above the\nmean are, instead, of quantum nature and not captured by the\nquantum-to-classical correspondence. For a bosonic system we show that in this\nlatter regime a transition from exponential to power-law statistics, analogous\nto the equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation, may occur depending on the\nparameters of the quench and on the spatial dimensionality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Excess entropy production in quantum system: Quantum master equation\n  approach: For open systems described by the quantum master equation (QME), we\ninvestigate the excess entropy production under quasistatic operations between\nnonequilibrium steady states. The average entropy production is composed of the\ntime integral of the instantaneous steady entropy production rate and the\nexcess entropy production. We propose to define average entropy production rate\nusing the average energy and particle currents, which are calculated by using\nthe full counting statistics with QME. The excess entropy production is given\nby a line integral in the control parameter space and its integrand is called\nthe Berry-Sinitsyn-Nemenman (BSN) vector. In the weakly nonequilibrium regime,\nwe show that BSN vector is described by $\\ln \\breve{\\rho}_0$ and $\\rho_0$ where\n$\\rho_0$ is the instantaneous steady state of the QME and $\\breve{\\rho}_0$ is\nthat of the QME which is given by reversing the sign of the Lamb shift term. If\nthe system Hamiltonian is non-degenerate or the Lamb shift term is negligible,\nthe excess entropy production approximately reduces to the difference between\nthe von Neumann entropies of the system. Additionally, we point out that the\nexpression of the entropy production obtained in the classical Markov jump\nprocess is different from our result and show that these are approximately\nequivalent only in the weakly nonequilibrium regime.",
        "positive": "Thermally Assisted Spin Hall Effect: The spin polarized charge transport is systematically analyzed as a thermally\ndriven stochastic process. The approach is based on Kramers' equation\ndescribing the semiclassical motion under the inclusion of stochastic and\ndamping forces. Due to the relativistic spin-orbit coupling the damping\nexperiences a relativistic correction leading to an additional contribution\nwithin the spin Hall conductivity. A further contribution to the conductivity\nis originated from the averaged underlying crystal potential, the mean value of\nwhich depends significantly on the electric field. We derive an exact\nexpression for the electrical conductivity. All corrections are estimated in\nlowest order of a relativistic approach and in the linear response regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin chains and combinatorics: In this letter we continue the investigation of finite XXZ spin chains with\nperiodic boundary conditions and odd number of sites, initiated in paper\n\\cite{S}. As it turned out, for a special value of the asymmetry parameter\n$\\Delta=-1/2$ the Hamiltonian of the system has an eigenvalue, which is exactly\nproportional to the number of sites $E=-3N/2$. Using {\\sc Mathematica} we have\nfound explicitly the corresponding eigenvectors for $N \\le 17$. The obtained\nresults support the conjecture of paper \\cite{S} that this special eigenvalue\ncorresponds to the ground state vector. We make a lot of conjectures concerning\nthe correlations of the model. Many remarkable relations between the wave\nfunction components are noticed. It is turned out, for example, that the ratio\nof the largest component to the least one is equal to the number of the\nalternating sing matrices.",
        "positive": "Scaling Invariance in Spectra of Complex Networks: A Diffusion Factorial\n  Moment Approach: A new method called diffusion factorial moment (DFM) is used to obtain\nscaling features embedded in spectra of complex networks. For an Erdos-Renyi\nnetwork with connecting probability $p_{ER} < \\frac{1}{N}$, the scaling\nparameter is $\\delta = 0.51$, while for $p_{ER} \\ge \\frac{1}{N}$ the scaling\nparameter deviates from it significantly. For WS small-world networks, in the\nspecial region $p_r \\in [0.05,0.2]$, typical scale invariance is found. For GRN\nnetworks, in the range of $\\theta\\in[0.33,049]$, we have $\\delta=0.6\\pm 0.1$.\nAnd the value of $\\delta$ oscillates around $\\delta=0.6$ abruptly. In the range\nof $\\theta\\in[0.54,1]$, we have basically $\\delta>0.7$. Scale invariance is one\nof the common features of the three kinds of networks, which can be employed as\na global measurement of complex networks in a unified way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropic analysis of the localization-delocalization transition in a\n  one-dimensional correlated lattice: In this work, propagation of acoustic waves in a one-dimensional binary chain\nwith different types of correlations in elasticity distribution is studied. We\napplied entropic analysis to investigate and quantify the\nlocalization-delocalization transition in long-range correlated chains in terms\nof the scaling exponent $\\alpha$ and discuss its relation to the order-disorder\nlevels in the structure of the chain. The results demonstrated that the\nentropic consideration detects correctly the critical value of $\\alpha$\nseparating localization from delocalization bands.",
        "positive": "Tutorial on stochastic systems: In this tutorial, three examples of stochastic systems are considered: A\nstrongly-damped oscillator, a weakly-damped oscillator and an undamped\noscillator (integrator) driven by noise. The evolution of these systems is\ncharacterized by the temporal correlation functions and spectral densities of\ntheir displacements, which are determined and discussed. Damped oscillators\nreach steady stochastic states. Their correlations are decreasing functions of\nthe difference between the sample times and their spectra have peaks near their\nresonance frequencies. An undamped oscillator never reaches a steady state. Its\nenergy increases with time and its spectrum is sharply peaked at low\nfrequencies. The required mathematical methods and physical concepts are\nexplained on a just-in-time basis, and some theoretical pitfalls are mentioned.\nThe insights one gains from studies of oscillators can be applied to a wide\nvariety of physical systems, such as atom and semiconductor lasers, which will\nbe discussed in a subsequent tutorial."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of the phase transition in random unitary circuits with\n  measurements: We present a theory of the entanglement transition tuned by measurement\nstrength in qudit chains evolved by random unitary circuits and subject to\neither weak or random projective measurements. The transition can be understood\nas a nonanalytic change in the amount of information extracted by the\nmeasurements about the initial state of the system, quantified by the Fisher\ninformation. To compute the von~Neumann entanglement entropy $S$ and the Fisher\ninformation $\\mathcal{F}$, we apply a replica method based on a sequence of\nquantities $\\tilde{S}^{(n)}$ and $\\mathcal{F}^{(n)}$ that depend on the $n$-th\nmoments of density matrices and reduce to $S$ and $\\mathcal{F}$ in the limit\n$n\\to 1$. These quantities with $n\\ge 2$ are mapped to free energies of a\nclassical spin model with $n!$ internal states in two dimensions with specific\nboundary conditions. In particular, $\\tilde{S}^{(n)}$ is the excess free energy\nof a domain wall terminating on the top boundary, and $\\mathcal{F}^{(n)}$ is\nrelated to the magnetization on the bottom boundary. Phase transitions occur as\nthe spin models undergo ordering transitions in the bulk. Taking the limit of\nlarge local Hilbert space dimension $q$ followed by the replica limit $n\\to 1$,\nwe obtain the critical measurement probability $p_c=1/2$ and identify the\ntransition as a bond percolation in the 2D square lattice in this limit.\nFinally, we show there is no phase transition if the measurements are allowed\nin an arbitrary nonlocal basis, thereby highlighting the relation between the\nphase transition and information scrambling. We establish an explicit\nconnection between the entanglement phase transition and the purification\ndynamics of a mixed state evolution and discuss implications of our results to\nexperimental observations of the transition and simulability of quantum\ndynamics.",
        "positive": "Temperature Dependence of Facet Ridges in Crystal Surfaces: The equilibrium crystal shape of a body-centered solid-on-solid (BCSOS) model\non a honeycomb lattice is studied numerically. We focus on the facet ridge\nendpoints (FRE). These points are equivalent to one dimensional KPZ-type growth\nin the exactly soluble square lattice BCSOS model. In our more general context\nthe transfer matrix is not stochastic at the FRE points, and a more complex\nstructure develops. We observe ridge lines sticking into the rough phase where\nthesurface orientation jumps inside the rounded part of the crystal. Moreover,\nthe rough-to-faceted edges become first-order with a jump in surface\norientation, between the FRE point and Pokrovsky-Talapov (PT) type critical\nendpoints. The latter display anisotropic scaling with exponent $z=3$ instead\nof familiar PT value $z=2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unusual shock wave in two-species driven systems with an umbilic point: Using dynamical Monte-Carlo simulations we observe the occurrence of an\nunexpected shock wave in driven diffusive systems with two conserved species of\nparticles. This U-shock is microscopically sharp, but does not satisfy the\nusual criteria for the stability of shocks. Exact analysis of the large-scale\nhydrodynamic equations of motion reveals the presence of an umbilical point\nwhich we show to be responsible for this phenomenon. We prove that such an\numbilical point is a general feature of multi-species driven diffusive systems\nwith reflection symmetry of the bulk dynamics. We argue that an U-shock will\noccur whenever there are strong repulsive interactions such that the\ncurrent-density relation develops a double-well and the umbilical point becomes\nisolated.",
        "positive": "Dynamical quantum phase transition from a critical quantum quench: We study the dynamical quantum phase transition of the critical quantum\nquench, in which the prequenched Hamiltonian, or the postquenched Hamiltonian,\nor both of them are set to be the critical points of equilibrium quantum phase\ntransitions, we find half-quantized or unquantized dynamical topological order\nparameter and dynamical Chern number; these results and also the existence of\ndynamical quantum phase transition are all closely related to the singularity\nof the Bogoliubov angle at the gap-closing momentum. The effects of the\nsingularity may also be canceled out if both the prequenched and postquenched\nHamiltonians are critical, then the dynamical topological order parameter and\ndynamical Chern number restore to integer ones. Our findings show that the\nwidely accepted definitions of dynamical topological order parameter and\ndynamical Chern number are problematic for the critical quenches in the\nperspective of topology, which call for new definitions of them."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tricritical behavior of nonequilibrium Ising spins in fluctuating\n  environments: We investigate the phase transitions in a coupled system of Ising spins and a\nfluctuating network. Each spin interacts with $q$ neighbors through links of\nthe rewiring network. The Ising spins and the network are in thermal contact\nwith the heat baths at temperatures $T_S$ and $T_L$, respectively, so that the\nwhole system is driven out of equilibrium for $T_S \\neq T_L$. The model is a\ngeneralization of the $q$-neighbor Ising model, which corresponds to the\nlimiting case of $T_L=\\infty$. Despite the mean field nature of the\ninteraction, the $q$-neighbor Ising model was shown to display a discontinuous\nphase transition for $q\\geq 4$. Setting up the rate equations for the\nmagnetization and the energy density, we obtain the phase diagram in the\n$T_S$-$T_L$ parameter space. The phase diagram consists of a ferromagnetic\nphase and a paramagnetic phase. The two phases are separated by a continuous\nphase transition belonging to the mean field universality class or by a\ndiscontinuous phase transition with an intervening coexistence phase. The\nequilibrium system with $T_S=T_L$ falls into the former case while the\n$q$-neighbor Ising model falls into the latter case. At the tricritical point,\nthe system exhibits the mean field tricritical behavior. Our model demonstrates\na possibility that a continuous phase transition turns into a discontinuous\ntransition by a nonequilibrium driving. Heat flow induced by the temperature\ndifference between two heat baths is also studied.",
        "positive": "On the approach to equilibrium of an Hamiltonian chain of anharmonic\n  oscillators: In this note we study the approach to equilibrium of a chain of anharmonic\noscillators. We find indications that a sufficiently large system always\nrelaxes to the usual equilibrium distribution. There is no sign of an\nergodicity threshold. The time however to arrive to equilibrium diverges when\n$g \\to 0$, $g$ being the anharmonicity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bubble nucleation in disordered Landau-Ginzburg model: In this paper we investigate bubble nucleation in a disordered\nLandau-Ginzburg model. First we adopt the standard procedure to average over\nthe disordered free energy. This quantity is represented as a series of the\nreplica partition functions of the system. Using the saddle-point equations in\neach replica partition function, we discuss the presence of a spontaneous\nsymmetry breaking mechanism. The leading term of the series is given by a\nlarge-N Euclidean replica field theory. Next, we consider finite temperature\neffects. Below some critical temperature, there are N real instantons-like\nsolutions in the model. The transition from the false to the true vacuum for\neach replica field is given by the nucleation of a bubble of the true vacuum.\nIn order to describe these irreversible processes of multiple nucleation, going\nbeyond the diluted instanton approximation, an effective model is constructed,\nwith one single mode of a bosonic field interacting with a reservoir of N\nidentical two-level systems.",
        "positive": "Calculation of the entropy for hard-sphere from integral equation method: The Ornstein-Zernike integral equation method has been employed for a\nsingle-component hard sphere fluid in terms of the Percus-Yevick (PY) and\nMartynov-Sarkisov (MS) approximations. Virial equation of state has been\ncomputed in both approximations. An excess chemical potential has been\ncalculated with an analytical expression based on correlation functions, and\nthe entropy has been computed with a thermodynamic relation. Calculations have\nbeen carried out for a reduced densities of 0.1 to 0.9. It has been shown that\nthe MS approximation gives better values than those from the PY approximation,\nespecially for high densities and presents a reasonable comparison with\navailable data in the literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinearity in Canonical Ensemble for Multicomponent Alloys Revisited\n  from Structural Degree of Freedoms: For classical discrete system under constant composition typically referred\nto substitutional alloys, we examine local nonlinearity in canonical average\nphi . We have respectively investigated the local and global behavior of\nnonlinearity through previously-introduced vector field A and through tropical\nlimit of the vector field. While these studies indicated the importance of\nconstraints to structural degree of freedoms (SDFs) for global nonlinearity, it\nhas been still unclear how the constraints to SDF affects local nonlinearity.\nBased on statistical manifold, we make intuitive bridge between the SDF-based\ninformation and local nonlinearity, decomposing the local nonlinearity into two\n(for binary alloys with pair correlations) or three (for otherwise)\ncontributions in terms of the Kullback-Leibler divergence, where this\ndecomposition is independent of temperature and many-body interaction, and is\ndefined on individual configuration. We also find that we can provide\nA-dependent as well as A-independent decomposition of the local nonlinearity,\nwhere non-separability in SDFs and its nonadditive character is independent of\nA, which indicates that information about evolution of the vector field should\nbe required to address the non-separability and nonadditivity. The present work\nenables to quantify how configuration-dependent constraints to SDF affect local\nnonlinearity in canonical average for multicomponent alloys.",
        "positive": "Chemical-potential route for multicomponent fluids: The chemical potentials of multicomponent fluids are derived in terms of the\npair correlation functions for arbitrary number of components, interaction\npotentials, and dimensionality. The formally exact result is particularized to\nhard-sphere mixtures with zero or positive nonadditivity. As a simple\napplication, the chemical potentials of three-dimensional additive hard-sphere\nmixtures are derived from the Percus-Yevick theory and the associated equation\nof state is obtained. This Percus-Yevick chemical-route equation of state is\nshown to be more accurate than the virial equation of state. An interpolation\nbetween the chemical-potential and compressibility routes exhibits a better\nperformance than the well-known Boubl\\'ik-Mansoori-Carnahan-Starling-Leland\nequation of state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Consistent description of fluctuations requires negative temperatures: We review two definitions of temperature in statistical mechanics, $T_B$ and\n$T_G$, corresponding to two possible definitions of entropy, $S_B$ and $S_G$,\nknown as surface and volume entropy respectively. We restrict our attention to\na class of systems with bounded energy and such that the second derivative of\n$S_B$ with respect to energy is always negative: the second request is quite\nnatural and holds in systems of obvious relevance, i.e. with a number $N$ of\ndegrees of freedom sufficiently large (examples are shown where $N \\sim 100$ is\nsufficient) and without long-range interactions. We first discuss the basic\nrole of $T_B$, even when negative, as the parameter describing fluctuations of\nobservables in a sub-system. Then, we focus on how $T_B$ can be measured\ndynamically, i.e. averaging over a single long experimental trajectory. On the\ncontrary, the same approach cannot be used in a generic system for $T_G$, since\nthe equipartition theorem may be spoiled by boundary effects due to the limited\nenergy. These general results are substantiated by the numerical study of a\nHamiltonian model of interacting rotators with bounded kinetic energy. The\nnumerical results confirm that the kind of configurational order realized in\nthe regions at small $S_B$, or equivalently at small $|T_B|$, depends on the\nsign of $T_B$.",
        "positive": "A Langevin canonical approach to the dynamics of chiral two level\n  systems. Thermal averages and heat capacity: A Langevin canonical framework for a chiral two--level system coupled to a\nbath of harmonic oscillators is developed within a coupling scheme different to\nthe well known spin-boson model. Thermal equilibrium values are reached at\nasymptotic times by solving the corresponding set of non--linear coupled\nequations in a Markovian regime. In particular, phase difference thermal values\n(or, equivalently, the so--called coherence factor) and heat capacity through\nenergy fluctuations are obtained and discussed in terms of tunneling rates and\nasymmetries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic Phase Transition and Hysteresis in Kinetic Ising Models: We briefly introduce hysteresis in spatially extended systems and the dynamic\nphase transition observed as the frequency of the oscillating field increases\nbeyond a critical value. Hysteresis and the decay of metastable phases are\nclosely related phenomena, and a dynamic phase transition can occur only for\nfield amplitudes, temperatures, and system sizes at which the metastable phase\ndecays through nucleation and growth of many droplets. We present preliminary\nresults from extensive Monte Carlo simulations of a two-dimensional kinetic\nIsing model in a square-wave oscillating field and estimate critical exponents\nby finite-size scaling techniques adapted from equilibrium critical phenomena.\nThe estimates are consistent with the universality class of the two-dimensional\nequilibrium Ising model and inconsistent with two-dimensional random\npercolation. However, we are not aware of any theoretical arguments indicating\nwhy this should be so. Thus, the question of the universality class of this\nnonequilibrium critical phenomenon remains open.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics of the lattice sphere packing problem: We present an efficient Monte Carlo method for the lattice sphere packing\nproblem in d dimensions. We use this method to numerically discover de novo the\ndensest lattice sphere packing in dimensions 9 through 20. Our method goes\nbeyond previous methods not only in exploring higher dimensions but also in\nshedding light on the statistical mechanics underlying the problem in question.\nWe observe evidence of a phase transition in the thermodynamic limit\n$d\\to\\infty$. In the dimensions explored in the present work, the results are\nconsistent with a first-order crystallization transition, but leave open the\npossibility that a glass transition is manifested in higher dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic heterogeneity and crossover in the supercritical state of\n  matter: A hallmark of a thermodynamic phase transition is the qualitative change of\nsystem thermodynamic properties such as energy and heat capacity. On the other\nhand, no phase transition is thought to operate in the supercritical state of\nmatter and, for this reason, it was believed that supercritical thermodynamic\nproperties vary smoothly and without any qualitative changes. Here, we perform\nextensive molecular dynamics simulations in a wide temperature range and find\nthat a deeply supercritical state is thermodynamically heterogeneous, as\nwitnessed by different temperature dependence of energy, heat capacity and its\nderivatives at low and high temperature. The evidence comes from three\ndifferent methods of analysis, two of which are model-independent. We propose a\nnew definition of the relative width of the thermodynamic crossover and\ncalculate it to be in the fairly narrow relative range of 13-20\\%. On the basis\nof our results, we relate the crossover to the supercritical Frenkel line.",
        "positive": "Majority-vote model on triangular, honeycomb and Kagome lattices: On Archimedean lattices, the Ising model exhibits spontaneous ordering. Three\nexamples of these lattices of the majority-vote model with noise are considered\nand studied through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The order/disorder phase\ntransition is observed in this system. The calculated values of the critical\nnoise parameter are q_c=0.089(5), q_c=0.078(3), and q_c=0.114(2) for honeycomb,\nKagome and triangular lattices, respectively. The critical exponents beta/nu,\ngamma/nu and 1/nu for this model are 0.15(5), 1.64(5), and 0.87(5); 0.14(3),\n1.64(3), and 0.86(6); 0.12(4), 1.59(5), and 1.08(6) for honeycomb, Kagome and\ntriangular lattices, respectively. These results differs from the usual Ising\nmodel results and the majority-vote model on so-far studied regular lattices or\ncomplex networks. The effective dimensionalities of the system D_{eff}= 1.96(5)\n(honeycomb), D_{eff} =1.92(4) (Kagome), and D_{eff}= 1.83(5) (triangular) for\nthese networks are just compatible to the embedding dimension two."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviations of random walks on random graphs: We study using large deviation theory the fluctuations of time-integrated\nfunctionals or observables of the unbiased random walk evolving on\nErd\\\"os-R\\'enyi random graphs, and construct a modified, biased random walk\nthat explains how these fluctuations arise in the long-time limit. Two\nobservables are considered: the sum of the degrees visited by the random walk\nand the sum of their logarithm, related to the trajectory entropy. The modified\nrandom walk is used for both quantities to explain how sudden changes in degree\nfluctuations, akin to dynamical phase transitions, are related to localization\ntransitions. For the second quantity, we also establish links between the large\ndeviations of the trajectory entropy and the maximum entropy random walk.",
        "positive": "The Tails of the Crossing Probability: The scaling of the tails of the probability of a system to percolate only in\nthe horizontal direction $\\pi_{hs}$ was investigated numerically for correlated\nsite-bond percolation model for $q=1,2,3,4$.We have to demonstrate that the\ntails of the crossing probability far from the critical point have shape\n$\\pi_{hs}(p) \\simeq D \\exp(c L[p-p_{c}]^{\\nu})$ where $\\nu$ is the correlation\nlength index, $p=1-\\exp(-\\beta)$ is the probability of a bond to be closed. At\ncriticality we observe crossover to another scaling $\\pi_{hs}(p) \\simeq A \\exp\n(-b {L [p-p_{c}]^{\\nu}}^{z})$. Here $z$ is a scaling index describing the\ncentral part of the crossing probability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Permutation Phase and Gentile Statistics: This paper presents a new way to construct single-valued many-body\nwavefunctions of identical particles with intermediate exchange phases between\nFermi and Bose statistics. It is demonstrated that the exchange phase is not a\nrepresentation character but the \\textit{word metric} of the permutation group,\nbeyond the anyon phase from the braiding group in two dimensions. By\nconstructing this type of wavefunction from the direct product of\nsingle-particle states, it is shown that a finite \\textit{capacity q} -- the\nmaximally allowed particle occupation of each quantum state, naturally arises.\nThe relation between the permutation phase and capacity is given, interpolating\nbetween fermions and bosons in the sense of both exchange phase and occupation\nnumber. This offers a quantum mechanics foundation for \\textit{Gentile\nstatistics} and new directions to explore intermediate statistics and anyons.",
        "positive": "Markovian robots: minimal navigation strategies for active particles: We explore minimal navigation strategies for active particles in complex,\ndynamical, external fields, introducing a class of autonomous, self-propelled\nparticles which we call Markovian robots (MR). These machines are equipped with\na navigation control system (NCS) that triggers random changes in the direction\nof self-propulsion of the robots. The internal state of the NCS is described by\na Boolean variable that adopts two values. The temporal dynamics of this\nBoolean variable is dictated by a closed Markov chain -- ensuring the absence\nof fixed points in the dynamics -- with transition rates that may depend\nexclusively on the instantaneous, local value of the external field.\nImportantly, the NCS does not store past measurements of this value in\ncontinuous, internal variables. We show that, despite the strong constraints,\nit is possible to conceive closed Markov chain motifs that lead to nontrivial\nmotility behaviors of the MR in one, two and three dimensions. By analytically\nreducing the complexity of the NCS dynamics, we obtain an effective description\nof the long-time motility behavior of the MR that allows us to identify the\nminimum requirements in the design of NCS motifs and transition rates to\nperform complex navigation tasks such as adaptive gradient following, detection\nof minima or maxima, or selection of a desired value in a dynamical, external\nfield. We put these ideas in practice by assembling a robot that operates by\nthe proposed minimalistic NCS to evaluate the robustness of MR, providing a\nproof-of-concept that is possible to navigate through complex information\nlandscapes with such a simple NCS whose internal state can be stored in one\nbit. These ideas may prove useful for the engineering of miniaturized robots."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of genuine non-equilibrium states under feedback control: For genuine non-equilibrium states that even at fixed external control\nparameter exhibit dissipation, we extend the Hatano-Sasa equality to processes\nwith feedback control. The resulting bound on the maximal extractable work is\nsubstantially sharper than what would follow from applying the Sagawa-Ueda\nequality to transitions involving such states. For repeated measurements at\nshort enough intervals, the power thus extracted can even exceed the average\ncost of driving as demonstrated explicitly with a simple, analytically solvable\nexample.",
        "positive": "Optimization and Scale-freeness for Complex Networks: Complex networks are mapped to a model of boxes and balls where the balls are\ndistinguishable. It is shown that the scale-free size distribution of boxes\nmaximizes the information associated with the boxes provided configurations\nincluding boxes containing a finite fraction of the total amount of balls are\nexcluded. It is conjectured that for a connected network with only links\nbetween different nodes, the nodes with a finite fraction of links are\neffectively suppressed. It is hence suggested that for such networks the\nscale-free node-size distribution maximizes the information encoded on the\nnodes. The noise associated with the size distributions is also obtained from a\nmaximum entropy principle. Finally explicit predictions from our least bias\napproach are found to be born out by metabolic networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Density Matrix Renormalization Group Method applied to Interaction\n  Round a Face Hamiltonians: Given a Hamiltonian with a continuous symmetry one can generally factorize\nthat symmetry and consider the dynamics on invariant Hilbert Spaces. In\nStatistical Mechanics this procedure is known as the vertex-IRF map, and in\ncertain cases, like rotational invariant Hamiltonians, can be implemented via\ngroup theoretical techniques. Using this map we translate the DMRG method,\nwhich applies to 1d vertex Hamiltonians, into a formulation adequate to study\nIRF Hamiltonians. The advantage of the IRF formulation of the DMRG method ( we\nname it IRF-DMRG), is that the dimensions of the Hilbert Spaces involved in\nnumerical computations are smaller than in the vertex-DMRG, since the\ndegeneracy due to the symmetry has been eliminated. The IRF-DMRG admits a\nnatural and geometric formulation in terms of the paths or string algebras used\nin Exactly Integrable Systems and Conformal Field Theory. We illustrate the\nIRF-DMRG method with the study of the SOS model which corresponds to the spin\n1/2 Heisenberg chain and the RSOS models with Coxeter diagram of type A, which\ncorrespond to the quantum group invariant XXZ chain.",
        "positive": "Images and nonlocal vortex pinning in thin superfluid films: For thin films of superfluid adsorbed on a disordered substrate, we derive\nthe equation of motion for a vortex in the presence of a random potential\nwithin a mean field (Hartree) description of the condensate. The compressible\nnature of the condensate leads to an effective pinning potential experienced by\nthe vortex which is nonlocal, with a long range tail that smoothes out the\nrandom potential coupling the condensate to the substrate. We interpret this\nnonlocality in terms of images, and relate the effective potential governing\nthe dynamics to the pinning energy arising from the expectation value of the\nHamiltonian with respect to the vortex wavefunction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A roughening transition indicated by the behaviour of ground states: We present some illustrations for the claim that already by looking at the\nground states of classical lattice models, one may meet some interesting and\nnon-trivial structures.",
        "positive": "Influence of Hydrodynamic Interactions on the Kinetics of Colloidal\n  Particle's Adsorption: The kinetics of irreversible adsorption of spherical particles onto a flat\nsurface is theoretically studied. Previous models, in which hydrodynamic\ninteractions were disregarded, predicted a power-law behavior $t^{-2/3}$ for\nthe time dependence of the coverage of the surface near saturation.\nExperiments, however, are in agreement with a power-law behavior of the form\n$t^{-1/2}$. We outline that, when hydrodynamic interactions are considered, the\nassymptotic behavior is found to be compatible with the experimental results in\na wide region near saturation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact conditions and scaling relations in finite temperature density\n  functional theory: Finite temperature density functional theory provides, in principle, an exact\ndescription of the thermodynamical equilibrium of many-electron systems. In\npractical applications, however, the functionals must be approximated.\nEfficient and physically meaningful approximations can be developed if relevant\nproperties of the exact functionals are known and taken into consideration as\nconstraints. In this work, derivations of exact properties and scaling\nrelations for the main quantities of finite temperature density functional\ntheory are presented. In particular, a coordinate scaling transformation at\nfinite temperature is introduced and its consequences are elucidated.",
        "positive": "Cooperativity Beyond Caging: Generalized Mode Coupling Theory: The validity of mode coupling theory (MCT) is restricted by an uncontrolled\nfactorization approximation of density correlations. The factorization can be\ndelayed and ultimately avoided, however, by explicitly including higher order\ncorrelations. We explore this approach within a microscopically motivated\nschematic model. Analytic tractability allows us to discuss in great detail the\nimpact of factorization at arbitrary order, including the limit of avoided\nfactorization. Our results indicate a coherent picture for the capabilities as\nwell as limitations of MCT. Moreover, including higher order correlations\nsystematically defers the transition and ultimately restores ergodicity.\nPower-law divergence of the relaxation time is then replaced by continuous but\nexponential growth."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissecting financial markets: Sectors and states: By analyzing a large data set of daily returns with data clustering\ntechnique, we identify economic sectors as clusters of assets with a similar\neconomic dynamics. The sector size distribution follows Zipf's law. Secondly,\nwe find that patterns of daily market-wide economic activity cluster into\nclasses that can be identified with market states. The distribution of\nfrequencies of market states shows scale-free properties and the memory of the\nmarket state process extends to long times ($\\sim 50$ days). Assets in the same\nsector behave similarly across states. We characterize market efficiency by\nanalyzing market's predictability and find that indeed the market is close to\nbeing efficient. We find evidence of the existence of a dynamic pattern after\nmarket's crashes.",
        "positive": "Note on the Kaplan-Yorke dimension and linear transport coefficients: A number of relations between the Kaplan-Yorke dimension, phase space\ncontraction, transport coefficients and the maximal Lyapunov exponents are\ngiven for dissipative thermostatted systems, subject to a small external field\nin a nonequilibrium stationary state. A condition for the extensivity of phase\nspace dimension reduction is given. A new expression for the transport\ncoefficients in terms of the Kaplan-Yorke dimension is derived. Alternatively,\nthe Kaplan-Yorke dimension for a dissipative macroscopic system can be\nexpressed in terms of the transport coefficients of the system. The agreement\nwith computer simulations for an atomic fluid at small shear rates is very\ngood."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous sensitivity to initial conditions and entropy production in\n  standard maps: Nonextensive approach: We perform a throughout numerical study of the average sensitivity to initial\nconditions and entropy production for two symplectically coupled standard maps\nfocusing on the control-parameter region close to regularity. Although the\nsystem is ultimately strongly chaotic (positive Lyapunov exponents), it first\nstays lengthily in weak-chaotic regions (zero Lyapunov exponents). We argue\nthat the nonextensive generalization of the classical formalism is an adequate\ntool in order to get nontrivial information about this complex phenomenon.\nWithin this context we analyze the relation between the power-law sensitivity\nto initial conditions and the entropy production.",
        "positive": "Survival probability of a diffusing particle in the presence of\n  Poisson-distributed mobile traps: The problem of a diffusing particle moving among diffusing traps is analyzed\nin general space dimension d. We consider the case where the traps are\ninitially randomly distributed in space, with uniform density rho, and derive\nupper and lower bounds for the probability Q(t) (averaged over all particle and\ntrap trajectories) that the particle survives up to time t. We show that, for\n1<=d<2, the bounds converge asymptotically to give $Q(t) \\sim exp(-\\lambda_d\nt^{d/2})$ where $\\lambda_d = (2/\\pi d) sin(\\pi d/2) (4\\pi D)^{d/2} \\rho$ and D\nis the diffusion constant of the traps, and that $Q(t) \\sim exp(- 4\\pi\\rho D\nt/ln t)$ for d=2. For d>2 bounds can still be derived, but they no longer\nconverge for large t. For 1<=d<=2, these asymptotic form are independent of the\ndiffusion constant of the particle. The results are compared with simulation\nresults obtained using a new algorithm [V. Mehra and P. Grassberger, Phys. Rev.\nE v65 050101 (2002)] which is described in detail. Deviations from the\npredicted asymptotic forms are found to be large even for very small values of\nQ(t), indicating slowly decaying corrections whose form is consistent with the\nbounds. We also present results in d=1 for the case where the trap densities on\neither side of the particle are different. For this case we can still obtain\nexact bounds but they no longer converge."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic theory of phase transitions and nonlocal corrections for\n  free energy of a superconductor: The new approach to the microscopic description of the phase transitions\nstarting from the only first principles was developed on an example of the\ntransition normal metal-superconductor. This means mathematically, that the\nfree energy is calculated in the range of temperatures, which includes a point\nof pase transition, without introducing any artificial parameters similar to an\norder parameter, but only starting from microscopic parameters of Hamiltonian.\nMoreover the theorems about connection of a vacuum amplitude with\nthermodynamics potentials are realized. The functional of a superconductor's\nfree energy in a magnetic field was obtained with help the developed method.\nThe obtained functional is generalization of Ginzburg-Landau functional for the\ncase of arbitrary value of a gap, arbitrary spatial inhomogeneities and\nnonlocal magnetic response. The explicit expressions for the extremals of this\nfunctional were obtained in the low-temperature limit and the high-temperature\nlimit at the condition of slowness of gap's changes.",
        "positive": "Dissipative Interaction and Anomalous Surface Absorption of Bulk Phonons\n  at a Two-Dimensional Defect in a Solid: We predict an extreme sensitivity to the dissipative losses of the resonant\ninteraction of bulk phonons with a 2D defect in a solid. We show that the total\nresonant reflection of the transverse phonon at the 2D defect, described\nearlier without an account for dissipation, occurs only in the limit of\nextremely weak dissipation and is changed into almost total transmission by\nrelatively weak bulk absorption. Anomalous surface absorption of the transverse\nphonon, when one half of the incident acoustic energy is absorbed at the 2D\ndefect, is predicted for the case of \"intermediate\" bulk dissipation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-Diffusion by Multivariate-Normal Turbulent Velocity Field: A closed set of \\textit{exact} equations describing statistical theory of\nturbulent self-diffusion by multivariate-normal turbulent velocity field is\nderived. In doing so, we first suggest exact formulas for correlations\n$<f_i(p)f_j(p')R[{\\bf f}]>$, $<g(p)R[{\\bf f}]>$ and $<g(p)f_j(p')R[{\\bf f}]>$\nwhen the functional $R[{\\bf f}]$ is functional of functions ${f_i}$'s having\nmultivariate-normal distribution, $g$ and $f_i$'s have joint normal\ndistribution and zero mean values.",
        "positive": "Critical renormalized coupling constants in the symmetric phase of the\n  Ising models: Using a novel finite size scaling Monte Carlo method, we calculate the four,\nsix and eight point renormalized coupling constants defined at zero momentum in\nthe symmetric phase of the three dimensional Ising system. The results of the\n2D Ising system that were directly measured are also reported. Our values of\nthe six and eight point coupling constants are significantly different from\nthose obtained from other methods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on: Role of Intermittency in Urban Development: A Model of\n  Large-Scale City Formation: Comment to D.H. Zanette and S.C. Manrubia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 523 (1997).",
        "positive": "Slow Coarsening in an Ising Chain with Competing Interactions: We investigate the zero-temperature coarsening dynamics of a chain of Ising\nspins with a nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic and an nth-neighbor\nantiferromagnetic interactions. For sufficiently large antiferromagnetic\ninteraction, the ground state consists of $n$ consecutive up spins followed by\nn down spins, etc. We show that the asymptotic coarsening into this ground\nstate is governed by a multispecies reactive gas of elementary excitations. The\nbasic elementary excitations are identified and each decays at a different\npower-law rate in time. The dominant excitations are domains of n+1 spins which\ndiffuse freely and disappear through processes which are effectively governed\nby (n+1)-particle annihilation. This implies that the ground state is\napproached slowly with time, as t^{-1/n}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact theory of dense amorphous hard spheres in high dimension. I. The\n  free energy: We consider the theory of the glass transition and jamming of hard spheres in\nthe large space dimension limit. Previous investigations were based on the\nassumption that the probability distribution within a \"cage\" is Gaussian, which\nis not fully consistent with numerical results. Here we perform a replica\ncalculation without making any assumption on the cage shape. We show that\nthermodynamic functions turn out to be exact within the Gaussian ansatz --\nprovided one allows for arbitrary replica symmetry breaking --- and indeed\nagree well with numerical results. The actual structure function (the so-called\nnon-ergodic parameter) is not Gaussian, an apparent paradox which we discuss.\nIn this paper we focus on the free energy, future papers will present the\nresults for the structure functions and a detailed comparison with numerical\nresults.",
        "positive": "Correlation functions of the integrable isotropic spin-1 chain:\n  algebraic expressions for arbitrary temperature: We derive algebraic formulas for the density matrices of finite segments of\nthe integrable su(2) isotropic spin-1 chain in the thermodynamic limit. We give\nexplicit results for the 2 and 3 site cases for arbitrary temperature T and\nzero field. In the zero temperature limit the correlation functions are given\nin elementary form in terms of Riemann's zeta function at even integer\narguments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Casimir forces between cylinders and plates: We study collective interaction effects that result from the change of free\nquantum electrodynamic field fluctuations by one- and two-dimensional perfect\nmetal structures. The Casimir interactions in geometries containing plates and\ncylinders is explicitly computed using partial wave expansions of constrained\npath integrals. We generalize previously obtained results and provide a more\ndetailed description of the technical aspects of the approach \\cite{Emig06}. We\nfind that the interactions involving cylinders have a weak logarithmic\ndependence on the cylinder radius, reflecting that one-dimensional\nperturbations are marginally relevant in 4D space-time. For geometries\ncontaining two cylinders and one or two plates, we confirm a previously found\nnon-monotonic dependence of the interaction on the object's separations which\ndoes not follow from pair-wise summation of two-body forces. Qualitatively,\nthis effect is explained in terms of fluctuating charges and currents and their\nmirror images.",
        "positive": "Interplay of order-disorder phenomena and diffusion in rigid binary\n  alloys: Monte Carlo simulations of the two-dimensional ABV model: Transport phenomena are studied for a binary (AB) alloy on a rigid square\nlattice with nearest-neighbor attraction between unlike particles, assuming a\nsmall concentration $c_v$ of vacancies $V$ being present, to which $A(B)$\nparticles can jump with rates $\\Gamma_A (\\Gamma_B)$ in the case where the\nnearest neighbor attractive energy $\\epsilon_{AB}$ is negligible in comparison\nwith the thermal energy $k_BT$ in the system. This model exhibits a continuous\norder-disorder transition for concentrations $c_A,c_B=1-c_A-c_V$ in the range\n$c_{A,1}^{crit}\\leq c_A \\leq c_{A,2}^{crit}$, with\n$c_{A,1}^{crit}=(1-m^*-c_V)/2$, $c_{A,2}^{crit} =(1+m^*-c_V)/2$, $m* \\approx\n0.25$, the maximum critical temperature occurring for $c*=c_A=c_B=(1-c_V)/2$,\ni.e. $m^*=0$. This phase transition belongs to the $d=2$ Ising universality\nclass, demonstrated by a finite size scaling analysis. From a study of\nmean-square displacements of tagged particles, self-diffusion coefficients are\ndeduced, while applying chemical potential gradients allow the estimation of\nOnsager coefficients. Analyzing finally the decay with time of sinusoidal\nconcentration variations that were prepared as initial condition, also the\ninterdiffusion coefficient is obtained as function of concentration and\ntemperature. As in the random alloy case (i.e., a noninteracting ABV-model) no\nsimple relation between self-diffusion and interdiffusion is found. Unlike this\nmodel mean field theory cannot describe interdiffusion, however, even if the\nnecessary Onsager coefficients are estimated via simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "BEC in Nonextensive Statistical Mechanics: We discuss the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) for an ideal gas of bosons in\nthe framework of Tsallis's nonextensive statistical mechanics. We study the\ncorrections to the standard BEC formulas due to a weak nonextensivity of the\nsystem. In particular, we consider three cases in the D-dimensional space: the\nhomogeneous gas, the gas in a harmonic trap and the relativistic homogenous\ngas. The results show that small deviations from the extensive Bose statistics\nproduce remarkably large changes in the BEC transition temperature.",
        "positive": "Lattice-gas model for collective biological motion: A simple self-driven lattice-gas model for collective biological motion is\nintroduced. We find weakly first order phase transition from individual random\nwalks to collective migration. A mean-field theory is presented to support the\nnumerical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-scale large deviations for chemical reaction kinetics through second\n  quantization path integral: Motivated by the study of rare events for a typical genetic switching model\nin systems biology, in this paper we aim to establish the general two-scale\nlarge deviations for chemical reaction systems. We build a formal approach to\nexplicitly obtain the large deviation rate functionals for the considered\ntwo-scale processes based upon the second-quantization path integral technique.\nWe get three important types of large deviation results when the underlying two\ntimes scales are in three different regimes. This is realized by singular\nperturbation analysis to the rate functionals obtained by path integral. We\nfind that the three regimes possess the same deterministic mean-field limit but\ncompletely different chemical Langevin approximations. The obtained results are\nnatural extensions of the classical large volume limit for chemical reactions.\nWe also discuss its implication on the single-molecule Michaelis-Menten\nkinetics. Our framework and results can be applied to understand general\nmulti-scale systems including diffusion processes.",
        "positive": "Volume fluctuations and linear response in a simple model of compaction: By means of a simple model system, the total volume fluctuations of a tapped\ngranular material in the steady state are studied. In the limit of a system\nwith a large number of particles, they are found to be Gaussian distributed,\nand explicit expressions for the average and the variance are provided.\nExperimental and molecular dynamics results are analyzed and qualitatively\ncompared with the model predictions. The relevance of considering open or\nclosed systems is discussed, as well as the meaning and properties of the\nEdwards compactivity and the effective (configurational) temperature introduced\nby some authors. Finally, the linear response to a change in the vibration\nintensity is also investigated. A KWW decay of the volume response function is\nclearly identified. This seems to confirm some kind of similarity between\nexternally excited granular systems and structural glasses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics of Systems with Long-Range\n  Interactions: Ubiquity of Core-Halo Distributions: Systems with long-range (LR) forces, for which the interaction potential\ndecays with the interparticle distance with an exponent smaller than the\ndimensionality of the embedding space, remain an outstanding challenge to\nstatistical physics. The internal energy of such systems lacks extensivity and\nadditivity. Although the extensivity can be restored by scaling the interaction\npotential with the number of particles, the non-additivity still remains. Lack\nof additivity leads to inequivalence of statistical ensembles. Before relaxing\nto thermodynamic equilibrium, isolated systems with LR forces become trapped in\nout-of-equilibrium quasi-stationary state (qSS), the lifetime of which diverges\nwith the number of particles. Therefore, in thermodynamic limit LR systems will\nnot relax to equilibrium. The qSSs are attained through the process of\ncollisionless relaxation. Density oscillations lead to particle-wave\ninteractions and excitation of parametric resonances. The resonant particles\nescape from the main cluster to form a tenuous halo. Simultaneously, this cools\ndown the core of the distribution and dampens out the oscillations. When all\nthe oscillations die out the ergodicity is broken and a qSS is born. In this\nreport, we will review a theory which allows us to quantitatively predict the\nparticle distribution in the qSS. The theory is applied to various LR\ninteracting systems, ranging from plasmas to self-gravitating clusters and\nkinetic spin models.",
        "positive": "Particle diagrams and embedded many-body random matrix theory: We present a new method which uses Feynman-like diagrams to calculate the\nstatistical quantities of embedded many-body random matrix problems. The method\nprovides a promising alternative to existing techniques and offers many\nimportant simplifications. We use it here to find the fourth, sixth and eighth\nmoments of the level density for k fermions or bosons interacting through a\nrandom hermitian potential in the limit where the number of possible\nsingle-particle states is taken to infinity. All share the same transition,\nstarting immediately after 2k = m, from moments arising from a semi-circular\nlevel density to gaussian moments. The results also reveal a striking feature;\nthe domain of the 2n'th moment is naturally divided into n subdomains specified\nby the points 2k = m, 3k = m, ..., nk = m."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unfolding Tagged Particle Histories in Single-File Diffusion: Exact\n  Single- and Two-Tag Local Times Beyond Large Deviation Theory: Strong positional correlations between particles render the diffusion of a\ntracer particle in a single file anomalous and non-Markovian. While ensemble\naverage observables of tracer particles are nowadays well understood, little is\nknown about the statistics of the corresponding functionals, i.e. the\ntime-average observables. It even remains unclear how the non-Markovian nature\nemerges from correlations between particle trajectories at different times.\nHere, we first present rigorous results for fluctuations and two-tag\ncorrelations of general bounded functionals of ergodic Markov processes with a\ndiagonalizable propagator. They relate the statistics of functionals on\narbitrary time-scales to the relaxation eigenspectrum. Then we study tagged\nparticle local times -- the time a tracer particle spends at some predefined\nlocation along a single trajectory up to a time t. Exact results are derived\nfor one- and two-tag local times, which reveal how the individual particles'\nhistories become correlated at higher densities because each consecutive\ndisplacement along a trajectory requires collective rearrangements. Our results\nunveil the intricate meaning of projection-induced memory on a trajectory\nlevel, invisible to ensemble-average observables, and allow for a detailed\nanalysis of single-file experiments probing tagged particle exploration\nstatistics.",
        "positive": "Active oscillator: recurrence relation approach: The present work analyzes stationary distributions of active Brownian\nparticles in a harmonic trap. Generally, obtaining stationary distributions for\nthis system is non-trivial, and up to date no exact expressions are available.\nIn this work, we develop and explore a method based on a transformation of the\nFokker-Planck equation into a recurrence relation for generating moments of a\ndistribution. The method, therefore, offers an analytically tractable approach,\nan alternative to numerical simulations, in a situation where more direct\nanalytical approaches fail. Although the current work focuses on the active\nBrownian particle model, the method is general and valid for any type of active\ndynamics and any system dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The two parameters (k, r) in the generalized statistics: Based on the generalized Boltzmann equation and the reverse function of the\ndistribution function, we investigate the two-parameter generalized statistics\nand get an expression between the two parameters (k,r) and the physical\nquantities about the system considered. We find that the two parameters can\ndefine some characteristics of the system. As examples, this result can just\nreturn to the previous one obtained for Tsallis and statistics. For some\ncomplex systems, we may need the two-parameter statistics to describe.",
        "positive": "Electron transfer in the nonadiabatic regime: Crossover from\n  quantum-mechanical to classical behaviour: We study nonadiabatic electron transfer within the biased spin-boson model.\nWe calculate the incoherent transfer rate in analytic form at all temperatures\nfor a power law form of the spectral density of the solvent coupling. In the\nOhmic case, we present the exact low temperature corrections to the zero\ntemperature rate for arbitrarily large bias energies between the two redox\nsites. Both for Ohmic and non-Ohmic coupling, we give the rate in the entire\nregime extending from zero temperature, where the rate depends significantly on\nthe detailed spectral behaviour, via the crossover region, up to the classical\nregime. For low temperatures, the rate shows characteristic quantum features,\nin particular the shift of the rate maximum to a bias value below the\nreorganization energy, and the asymmetry of the rate around the maximum. We\nstudy in detail the gradual extinction of the quantum features as temperature\nis increased."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vicsek Model by Time-Interlaced Compression: a Dynamical Computable\n  Information Density: Collective behavior, both in real biological systems as well as in\ntheoretical models, often displays a rich combination of different kinds of\norder. A clear-cut and unique definition of \"phase\" based on the standard\nconcept of order parameter may therefore be complicated, and made even trickier\nby the lack of thermodynamic equilibrium. Compression-based entropies have been\nproved useful in recent years in describing the different phases of\nout-of-equilibrium systems. Here, we investigate the performance of a\ncompression-based entropy, namely the Computable Information Density (CID),\nwithin the Vicsek model of collective motion. Our entropy is defined through a\ncrude coarse-graining of the particle positions, in which the key role of\nvelocities in the model only enters indirectly through the velocity-density\ncoupling. We discover that such entropy is a valid tool in distinguishing the\nvarious noise regimes, including the crossover between an aligned and\nmisaligned phase of the velocities, despite the fact that velocities are not\nused by this entropy. Furthermore, we unveil the subtle role of the time\ncoordinate, unexplored in previous studies on the CID: a new encoding recipe,\nwhere space and time locality are both preserved on the same ground, is\ndemonstrated to reduce the CID. Such an improvement is particularly significant\nwhen working with partial and/or corrupted data, as it is often the case in\nreal biological experiments.",
        "positive": "On origin and statistical characteristics of 1/f-noise: We suggest some principal ideas on origin, statistical properties and\ntheoretical description of 1/f-noise exactly as they for the first time were\nexpounded in our preprint published in Russian in 1982, and supplement them\nwith short today's comments and selected references, with wish to support\nimprovements of present generally poor ideologic and mathematical base of the\n1/f-noise theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Zipf's Law in proportional voting processes: Voting data from city-councillors, state and federal deputies elections are\nanalyzed and considered as a response function of a social system with\nunderlying dynamics leading to complex behavior. The voting results from the\nlast two general Brazilian elections held in 1998 and 2000 are then used as\nrepresentative data sets. We show that the voting distributions follow a\ngeneralized Zipf's Law which has been recently proposed within a nonextensive\nstatistics framework. Moreover, the voting distribution for city-councillors is\nclearly distinct from those of state and federal deputies in the sense that the\nlatter depicts a higher degree of nonextensivity. We relate this finding with\nthe different degrees of complexity corresponding to local and non-local voting\nprocesses.",
        "positive": "Specificity and Completion Time Distributions of Biochemical Processes: In order to produce specific complex structures from a large set of similar\nbiochemical building blocks, many biochemical systems require high sensitivity\nto small molecular differences. The first and most common model used to explain\nthis high specificity is kinetic proofreading, which has been extended to a\nvariety of systems from detection of DNA mismatch to cell signaling processes.\nWhile the specification properties of the kinetic proofreading model are well\nknown and were studied in various contexts, very little is known about its\ntemporal behavior. In this work, we study the dynamical properties of discrete\nstochastic two branch kinetic proofreading schemes. Using the Laplace transform\nof the corresponding chemical master equation, we obtain an analytical solution\nfor the completion time distribution. In particular we provide expressions for\nthe specificity and the mean and the variance of the process completion times.\nWe also show that, for a wide range of parameters a process distinguishing\nbetween two different products can be reduced to a much simpler three point\nprocess. Our results allow for the systematic study of the interplay between\nspecificity and completion times as well as testing the validity of the kinetic\nproofreading model in biological systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Power, Levy, Exponential and Gaussian Regimes in Autocatalytic Financial\n  Systems: We study by theoretical analysis and by direct numerical simulation the\ndynamics of a wide class of asynchronous stochastic systems composed of many\nautocatalytic degrees of freedom. We describe the generic emergence of\ntruncated power laws in the size distribution of their individual elements. The\nexponents $\\alpha$ of these power laws are time independent and depend only on\nthe way the elements with very small values are treated. These truncated power\nlaws determine the collective time evolution of the system. In particular the\nglobal stochastic fluctuations of the system differ from the normal Gaussian\nnoise according to the time and size scales at which these fluctuations are\nconsidered. We describe the ranges in which these fluctuations are\nparameterized respectively by: the Levy regime $\\alpha < 2$, the power law\ndecay with large exponent ($\\alpha > 2$), and the exponential decay. Finally we\nrelate these results to the large exponent power laws found in the actual\nbehavior of the stock markets and to the exponential cut-off detected in\ncertain recent measurement.",
        "positive": "$(k,q)$-core decomposition of hypergraphs: In complex networks, many elements interact with each other in different\nways. A hypergraph is a network in which group interactions occur among more\nthan two elements. In this study, first, we propose a method to identify\ninfluential subgroups in hypergraphs, named $(k,q)$-core decomposition. The\n$(k,q)$-core is defined as the maximal subgraph in which each vertex has at\nleast $k$ hypergraph degrees \\textit{and} each hyperedge contains at least $q$\nvertices. The method contains a repeated pruning process until reaching the\n$(k,q)$-core, which shares similarities with a widely used $k$-core\ndecomposition technique in a graph. Second, we analyze the pruning dynamics and\nthe percolation transition with theoretical and numerical methods in random\nhypergraphs. We set up evolution equations for the pruning process, and\nself-consistency equations for the percolation properties. Based on our theory,\nwe find that the pruning process generates a hybrid percolation transition for\neither $k\\ge 3$ \\textit{or} $q\\ge 3$. The critical exponents obtained\ntheoretically are confirmed with finite-size scaling analysis. Next, when\n$k=q=2$, we obtain a unconventional degree-dependent critical relaxation\ndynamics analytically and numerically. Finally, we apply the $(k,q)$-core\ndecomposition to a real coauthorship dataset and recognize the leading groups\nat an early stage."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Loop Gases and the Worm Algorithm: The loop gas approach to lattice field theory provides an alternative,\ngeometrical description in terms of fluctuating loops. Statistical ensembles of\nrandom loops can be efficiently generated by Monte Carlo simulations using the\nworm update algorithm. In this paper, concepts from percolation theory and the\ntheory of self-avoiding random walks are used to describe estimators of\nphysical observables that utilize the nature of the worm algorithm. The fractal\nstructure of the random loops as well as their scaling properties are studied.\nTo support this approach, the O(1) loop model, or high-temperature series\nexpansion of the Ising model, is simulated on a honeycomb lattice, with its\nknown exact results providing valuable benchmarks.",
        "positive": "Geometric Allocation Approaches in Markov Chain Monte Carlo: The Markov chain Monte Carlo method is a versatile tool in statistical\nphysics to evaluate multi-dimensional integrals numerically. For the method to\nwork effectively, we must consider the following key issues: the choice of\nensemble, the selection of candidate states, the optimization of transition\nkernel, algorithm for choosing a configuration according to the transition\nprobabilities. We show that the unconventional approaches based on the\ngeometric allocation of probabilities or weights can improve the dynamics and\nscaling of the Monte Carlo simulation in several aspects. Particularly, the\napproach using the irreversible kernel can reduce or sometimes completely\neliminate the rejection of trial move in the Markov chain. We also discuss how\nthe space-time interchange technique together with Walker's method of aliases\ncan reduce the computational time especially for the case where the number of\ncandidates is large, such as models with long-range interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Influence of Noise on the Critical and Oscillatory Behavior of a\n  Predator-Prey Model: Coherent Stochastic Resonance at the Proper Frequency: Noise induced changes in the critical and oscillatory behavior of a\nPrey-Predator system are studied using power spectrum density and Spectral\nAmplification Factor (SAF) analysis. In the absence of external noise, the\npopulation densities exhibit three kinds of asymptotic behavior, namely:\nAbsorbing State, Fixed Point (FP) and an Oscillatory Regime (OR) with a well\ndefined proper (natural) frequency. The addition of noise destabilizes the FP\nphase inducing a transition to a new OR. Surprisingly, it is found that when a\nperiodic signal is added to the control parameter, the system responds\nrobustly, without relevant changes in its behavior. Nevertheless, the \"Coherent\nStochastic Resonance\" phenomenon is found only at the proper frequency. Also, a\nmethod based on SAF allows us to locate very accurately the transition points\nbetween the different regimes.",
        "positive": "Dynamical non-ergodic scaling in continuous finite-order quantum phase\n  transitions: We investigate the emergence of universal dynamical scaling in quantum\ncritical spin systems adiabatically driven out of equilibrium, with emphasis on\nquench dynamics which involves non-isolated critical points (i.e., critical\nregions) and cannot be a priori described through standard scaling arguments\nnor time-dependent perturbative approaches. Comparing to the case of an\nisolated quantum critical point, we find that non-equilibrium scaling behavior\nof a large class of physical observables may still be explained in terms of\nequilibrium critical exponents. However, the latter are in general\nnon-trivially path-dependent, and detailed knowledge about the time-dependent\nexcitation process becomes essential. In particular, we show how multiple level\ncrossings within a gapless phase may completely suppress excitation depending\non the control path. Our results typify non-ergodic scaling in continuous\nfinite-order quantum phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hyperscaling above the upper critical dimension: Above the upper critical dimension, the breakdown of hyperscaling is\nassociated with dangerous irrelevant variables in the renormalization group\nformalism at least for systems with periodic boundary conditions. While these\nhave been extensively studied, there have been only a few analyses of\nfinite-size scaling with free boundary conditions. The conventional expectation\nthere is that, in contrast to periodic geometries, finite-size scaling is\nGaussian, governed by a correlation length commensurate with the lattice\nextent. Here, detailed numerical studies of the five-dimensional Ising model\nindicate that this expectation is unsupported, both at the infinite-volume\ncritical point and at the pseudocritical point where the finite-size\nsusceptibility peaks. Instead the evidence indicates that finite-size scaling\nat the pseudocritical point is similar to that in the periodic case. An\nanalytic explanation is offered which allows hyperscaling to be extended beyond\nthe upper critical dimension.",
        "positive": "Langevin equation in systems with also negative temperatures: We discuss how to derive a Langevin equation (LE) in non standard systems,\ni.e. when the kinetic part of the Hamiltonian is not the usual quadratic\nfunction. This generalization allows to consider also cases with negative\nabsolute temperature. We first give some phenomenological arguments suggesting\nthe shape of the viscous drift, replacing the usual linear viscous damping, and\nits relation with the diffusion coefficient modulating the white noise term. As\na second step, we implement a procedure to reconstruct the drift and the\ndiffusion term of the LE from the time-series of the momentum of a heavy\nparticle embedded in a large Hamiltonian system. The results of our\nreconstruction are in good agreement with the phenomenological arguments.\nApplying the method to systems with negative temperature, we can observe that\nalso in this case there is a suitable Langevin equation, obtained with a\nprecise protocol, able to reproduce in a proper way the statistical features of\nthe slow variables. In other words, even in this context, systems with negative\ntemperature do not show any pathology."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic Anomalies in Addition-Aggregation Processes: We investigate irreversible aggregation in which monomer-monomer,\nmonomer-cluster, and cluster-cluster reactions occur with constant but distinct\nrates K_{MM}, K_{MC}, and K_{CC}, respectively. The dynamics crucially depends\non the ratio gamma=K_{CC}/K_{MC} and secondarily on epsilon=K_{MM}/K_{MC}. For\nepsilon=0 and gamma<2, there is conventional scaling in the long-time limit,\nwith a single mass scale that grows linearly in time. For gamma >= 2, there is\nunusual behavior in which the concentration of clusters of mass k, c_k decays\nas a stretched exponential in time within a boundary layer k<k* propto\nt^{1-2/gamma} (k* propto ln t for gamma=2), while c_k propto t^{-2} in the bulk\nregion k>k*. When epsilon>0, analogous behaviors emerge for gamma<2 and gamma\n>= 2.",
        "positive": "The Correlative Method of Unsymmetrized Self-Consistent Field (CUSF): In this work we describe the Correlative Method of Unsymmetrized\nSelf-Consistent Field (CUSF). This method is based on a set of nonlinear\nintegrodifferential equations for the one-particle configurational distribution\nfunctions and for the self-consistent potentials of the atoms. Here we present\nthe fundamental concepts of the CUSF, the hypotheses of the method, the basic\nequations, the self-consistent potential, the thermodynamics of the anharmonic\ncrystalline solids, and the quantum corrections in the quasi-classical\napproximation.\n  Keywords: lattice theory and statistics; anharmonic crystals; thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin dynamics under the influence of elliptically rotating fields:\n  Extracting the field topology from time-averaged quantities: We focus on quantum systems that can be effectively described as a localized\nspin-$s$ particle subject to a static magnetic field coplanar to a coexisting\nelliptically rotating time-periodic field. Depending on the values taken on by\nthe static and rotating components, the total magnetic field shows two regimes\nwith different topological properties. Along the boundary that separates these\ntwo regimes, the total magnetic field vanishes periodically in time and the\nsystem dynamics becomes highly nonadiabatic. We derive a relation between two\ntime-averaged quantities of the system which is linked to the topology of the\napplied magnetic field. Based on this finding, we propose a measurable quantity\nthat has the ability to indicate the topology of the total magnetic field\nwithout knowing a priori the value of the static component. We also propose a\npossible implementation of our approach by a trapped-ion quantum system. The\nresults presented here are independent of the initial state of the system. In\nparticular, when the system is initialized in a Floquet state, we find some\ninteresting properties of the quasienergy spectrum which are linked to the\ntopological change of the total magnetic field. Throughout the paper, the\ntheoretical results are illustrated with numerical simulations for the case of\na two-level quantum system.",
        "positive": "Spin vortices and vacancies: interactions and pinning on a square\n  lattice: The study gives a decisive answer to the recently risen question about the\ntype and origin of interaction between spin vortices and spin vacancies in 2D\nspin models. The approach is based on the low-temperature approximation of the\n2D XY model known as the Villain model and does not involve any additional\napproximations, thus preserving the lattice structure. The exact form of the\nHamiltonian describing a system of topological charges and a vacant site\nsupports the attractive type of interaction between the vacancy and the\ncharges. The quantitative difference between the characteristics of the vortex\nbehavior in the 2D XY and Villain models due to the different energy of the\nvortex \"cores\" in the two models is pointed out. This leads to a conclusion\nthat the interaction between a vortex and a spin vacancy and between a vortex\nand the antivortex differs quantitatively for small separations in the two\nmentioned models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal search in interacting populations:Gaussian jumps vs Levy flights: We investigated the relationships between search efficiency, movement\nstrategy, and non-local communication in the biological context of animal\nforaging. We considered situations where the members of a population of\nforagers perform either Gaussian jumps or Levy flights, and show that the\nsearch time is minimized when communication among individuals occurs at\nintermediate ranges, independently of the type of movement. Additionally, while\nBrownian strategies are more strongly influenced by the communication\nmechanism, Levy flights still result in shorter overall search durations.",
        "positive": "Entanglement does not generally decrease under renormalization: Renormalization is often described as the removal or \"integrating out\" of\nhigh energy degrees of freedom. In the context of quantum matter, one might\nsuspect that quantum entanglement provides a sharp way to characterize such a\nloss of degrees of freedom. Indeed, for quantum many-body systems with Lorentz\ninvariance, such entanglement monotones have been proven to exist in one, two,\nand three spatial dimensions. In each dimension d, a certain term in the\nentanglement entropy of a d-ball decreases along renormalization group (RG)\nflows. Given that most quantum many-body systems available in the laboratory\nare not Lorentz invariant, it is important to generalize these results if\npossible. In this work we demonstrate the impossibility of a wide variety of\nsuch generalizations. We do this by exhibiting a series of counterexamples with\nunderstood renormalization group flows which violate entanglement RG\nmonotonicity. We discuss bosons at finite density, fermions at finite density,\nand majorization in Lorentz invariant theories, among other results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Motility-Induced Pinning in Flocking System with Discrete Symmetry: We report a motility-induced pinning transition in the active Ising model for\nan active self-propelled particle system with discrete symmetry. This model was\nknown to exhibit a liquid-gas type flocking phase transition, but a recent\nstudy reveals that the polar order is metastable due to droplet excitation.\nUsing extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that, for an\nintermediate alignment interaction strength, the steady state is characterized\nby traveling local domains, which renders the polar order short-ranged in both\nspace and time. We further demonstrate that interfaces between colliding\ndomains become pinned as the alignment interaction strength increases. A\nresonating back-and-forth motion of individual self-propelled particles across\ninterfaces is identified as a mechanism for the pinning. We present an analytic\nargument for the motility-induced pinning transition by incorporating the\nresonance mechanism into the hydrodynamic theory. The resulting steady state\nconsists of a network of pinned interfaces interconnected by particle currents.\nWhile the polar order is still short-ranged in space, the particle currents\nmediated by the pinned interfaces can exhibit long-range temporal correlations.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic properties of the solid and metal electrons in the\n  nonextensive quantum statistics with a nonextensive parameter transformation: We study the thermodynamic properties of solid and metal electrons in the\nnonextensive quantum statistics with a nonextensive parameter transformation.\nFirst we study the nonextensive grand canonical distribution function and the\nnonextensive quantum statistics with a parameter transformation. Then we derive\nthe generalized Boson distribution and Fermi distribution in the nonextensive\nquantum statistics. Further we study the thermodynamic properties of solid and\nmetal electrons in the nonextensive quantum system, including the generalized\nDebye models, the generalized internal energies, the generalized capacities and\nchemical potential. We derive new expressions of these thermodynamic\nquantities, and we show that they all depend significantly on the nonextensive\nparameter and in the limit they recover to the forms in the classical quantum\nstatistics. These new expressions may be applied to study the new\ncharacteristics in some nonextensive quantum systems where the long-range\ninteractions and/or long-range correlations play a role."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotic expansion for reversible A + B <-> C reaction-diffusion\n  process: We study long-time properties of reversible reaction-diffusion systems of\ntype A + B <-> C by means of perturbation expansion in powers of 1/t (inverse\nof time). For the case of equal diffusion coefficients we present exact\nformulas for the asymptotic forms of reactant concentrations and a complete,\nrecursive expression for an arbitrary term of the expansions. Taking an\nappropriate limit we show that by studying reversible reactions one can obtain\n\"singular\" solutions typical of irreversible reactions.",
        "positive": "Superstatistics and the quest of generalized ensembles equivalence in a\n  system with long-range interactions: The so-called $\\chi^{2}$-superstatistics of Beck and Cohen (BC) is employed\nto investigate the infinite-range Blume-Capel model, a well-known\nrepresentative system displaying inequivalence of canonical and microcanonical\nphase diagrams. While not being restricted to any of those particular\nthermodynamic limits, our analytical result can smoothly recover both canonical\nand microcanonical ensemble solutions as its nonextensive parameter $q$ is\nproperly tuned. Additionally, we compare our findings to ones previously\nobtained from a generalized canonical framework named Extended Gaussian\nensemble (EGE). Finally, we show that both EGE and BC solutions are equivalent\nat the thermodynamic level."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stretched exponentials from superstatistics: Distributions exhibiting fat tails occur frequently in many different areas\nof science. A dynamical reason for fat tails can be a so-called\nsuperstatistics, where one has a superposition of local Gaussians whose\nvariance fluctuates on a rather large spatio-temporal scale. After briefly\nreviewing this concept, we explore in more detail a class of superstatistics\nthat hasn't been subject of many investigations so far, namely superstatistics\nfor which a suitable power beta^eta of the local inverse temperature beta is\nchi^2-distributed. We show that eta >0 leads to power law distributions, while\neta <0 leads to stretched exponentials. The special case eta=1 corresponds to\nTsallis statistics and the special case eta=-1 to exponential statistics of the\nsquare root of energy. Possible applications for granular media and\nhydrodynamic turbulence are discussed.",
        "positive": "One-Dimensional Self-Organization and Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in\n  a Hamiltonian System: Self-organization and nonequilibrium phase transitions are well known to\noccur in two- and three- dimensional dissipative systems. Here, instead, we\nprovide numerical evidence that these phenomena also occur in a one-dimensional\nHamiltonian system. To this end, we calculate the heat conductivity by coupling\nthe two ends of our system to two heat baths at different temperatures. It is\nfound that when the temperature difference is smaller than a critical value,\nthe heat conductivity increases with the system size in power law with an\nexponent considerably smaller than 1. However, as the temperature difference\nexceeds the critical value, the system's behavior undergoes a transition and\nthe heat conductivity tends to diverge linearly with the system size.\nCorrespondingly, an ordered structure emerges. These findings suggest a new\ndirection for exploring the transport problems in one dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A coupled Temperley-Lieb algebra for the superintegrable chiral Potts\n  chain: The hamiltonian of the $N$-state superintegrable chiral Potts (SICP) model is\nwritten in terms of a coupled algebra defined by $N-1$ types of Temperley-Lieb\ngenerators. This generalises a previous result for $N=3$ obtained by J. F.\nFjelstad and T. M\\r{a}nsson [J. Phys. A {\\bf 45} (2012) 155208]. A pictorial\nrepresentation of a related coupled algebra is given for the $N=3$ case which\ninvolves a generalisation of the pictorial presentation of the Temperley-Lieb\nalgebra to include a pole around which loops can become entangled. For the two\nknown representations of this algebra, the $N=3$ SICP chain and the staggered\nspin-1/2 XX chain, closed (contractible) loops have weight $\\sqrt{3}$ and\nweight $2$, respectively. For both representations closed (non-contractible)\nloops around the pole have weight zero. The pictorial representation provides a\ngraphical interpretation of the algebraic relations. A key ingredient in the\nresolution of diagrams is a crossing relation for loops encircling a pole which\ninvolves the parameter $\\rho= e^{ 2\\pi \\mathrm{i}/3}$ for the SICP chain and\n$\\rho=1$ for the staggered XX chain. These $\\rho$ values are derived assuming\nthe Kauffman bracket skein relation.",
        "positive": "Generating and evaluating 1PI Feynman diagrams for an MSR field theory: We discuss certain computational methods and analytical techniques that can\nbe used to automatize the various steps involved in the renormalization group\nanalysis of an MSR field theory. The methods rely mainly on the well known\npackages FeynArts and SecDec. The former is used with minor modifications for\ngenerating the Feynman diagrams and obtaining the corresponding expressions,\nand the latter for dimensional regularization and epsilon expansion of the\nFeynman integrals. We first discuss how suitable classes and generic model\nfiles required by FeynArts are created, present the minor modifications made in\nthe internal file Analytic.m, and then show how the diagrams and the\nexpressions are generated. We then discuss the procedure followed in further\nsimplifying the integrals obtained from the Feynman diagrams to render them in\nthe form of standard scalar Feynman integrals so that the package SecDec can be\nused to dimensional regularize and epsilon expand them. We discuss these\nmethods as it is applied to a particular theory, namely, the NSAPS three-vector\nmodel. However, they can be easily generalized to be applied to other similar\nMSR field theories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlations in noisy Landau-Zener transitions: We analyze the influence of classical Gaussian noise on Landau-Zener\ntransitions during a two-level crossing in a time-dependent regular external\nfield. Transition probabilities and coherence factors become random due to the\nnoise. We calculate their two-time correlation functions, which describe the\nresponse of this two-level system to a weak external pulse signal. The spectrum\nand intensity of the magnetic response are derived. Although fluctuations are\nof the same order of magnitude as averages, the results is obtained in an\nanalytic form.",
        "positive": "Estimation of critical exponents from the cluster coefficients:\n  Application to hard spheres: For a large class of repulsive interaction models, the Mayer cluster\nintegrals can be transformed into a tridiagonal symmetric matrix, whose\nelements converge to a constant with a 1/n^2 correction. We find exact\nexpressions, in terms of these correction terms, for the two critical exponents\ndescribing the density near the two singular termination points of the fluid\nphase. We apply the method to the hard-spheres model and find that the\nmetastable fluid phase terminates at rho_t=0.751(5). The density near the\ntransition is given by (rho_t-rho)~(z_t-z)^sigma', where the critical exponent\nis predicted to be sigma'=0.0877(25). The termination density is close to the\nobserved glass transition, and thus the above critical behavior is expected to\ncharacterize the onset of glassy behavior in hard spheres."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Isotopic effects of hydrogen adsorption in carbon nanotubes: We present diffusion Monte Carlo calculations of D$_2$ adsorbed inside a\nnarrow carbon nanotube. The 1D D$_2$ equation of state is reported, and the\none-dimensional character of the adsorbed D$_2$ is analyzed. The isotopic\ndependence of the constitutive properties of the quantum fluid are studied by\ncomparing D$_2$ and H$_2$. Quantum effects due to their different masses are\nobserved both in the energetic and the structural properties. The influence of\nthe interatomic potential in one-dimensional systems is also studied by\ncomparing the properties of D$_2$ and $^4$He which have nearly the same mass\nbut a sizeably different potential. The physics of molecular hydrogen adsorbed\nin the interstitial channels of a bundle of nanotubes is analyzed by means of\nboth a diffusion Monte Carlo calculation and an approximate mean field method.",
        "positive": "An alternative order-parameter for non-equilibrium generalized spin\n  models on honeycomb lattices: An alternative definition for the order-parameter is proposed, for a family\nof non-equilibrium spin models with up-down symmetry on honeycomb lattices, and\nwhich depends on two parameters. In contrast to the usual definition, our\nproposal takes into account that each site of the lattice can be associated\nwith a local temperature which depends on the local environment of each site.\nUsing the generalised voter motel as a test case, we analyse the phase diagram\nand the critical exponents in the stationary state and compare the results of\nthe standard order-parameter with the ones following from our new proposal, on\nthe honeycomb lattice. The stationary phase transition is in the Ising\nuniversality class. Finite-size corrections are also studied and the Wegner\nexponent is estimated as $\\omega=1.06(9)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Charge density wave and quantum fluctuations in a molecular crystal: We consider an electron-phonon system in two and three dimensions on square,\nhexagonal and cubic lattices. The model is a modification of the standard\nHolstein model where the optical branch is appropriately curved in order to\nhave a reflection positive Hamiltonian. Using infrared bounds together with a\nrecent result on the coexistence of long-range order for electron and phonon\nfields, we prove that, at sufficiently low temperatures and sufficiently strong\nelectron-phonon coupling, there is a Peierls instability towards a period two\ncharge-density wave at half-filling. Our results take into account the quantum\nfluctuations of the elastic field in a rigorous way and are therefore\nindependent of any adiabatic approximation. The strong coupling and low\ntemperature regime found here is independent of the strength of the quantum\nfluctuations of the elastic field.",
        "positive": "Random walks in directed modular networks: Because diffusion typically involves symmetric interactions, scant attention\nhas been focused on studying asymmetric cases. However, important networked\nsystems underlain by diffusion (e.g. cortical networks and WWW) are inherently\ndirected. In the case of undirected diffusion, it can be shown that the\nsteady-state probability of the random walk dynamics is fully correlated with\nthe degree, which no longer holds for directed networks. We investigate the\nrelationship between such probability and the inward node degree, which we call\nefficiency, in modular networks. Our findings show that the efficiency of a\ngiven community depends mostly on the balance between its ingoing and outgoing\nconnections. In addition, we derive analytical expressions to show that the\ninternal degree of the nodes do not play a crucial role in their efficiency,\nwhen considering the Erd\\H{o}s-R\\'enyi and Barab\\'asi-Albert models. The\nresults are illustrated with respect to the macaque cortical network, providing\nsubsidies for improving transportation and communication systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sensitivity to the initial conditions of the Time-Dependent Density\n  Functional Theory: Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory is mathematically formulated through\nnon-linear coupled time-dependent 3-dimensional partial differential equations\nand it is natural to expect a strong sensitivity of its solutions to variations\nof the initial conditions, akin to the butterfly effect ubiquitous in classical\ndynamics. Since the Schr\\\"odinger equation for an interacting many-body system\nis however linear and mathematically the exact equations of the Density\nFunctional Theory reproduce the corresponding one-body properties, it would\nfollow that the Lyapunov exponents are also vanishing within a Density\nFunctional Theory framework. Whether for realistic implementations of the\nTime-Dependent Density Functional Theory the question of absence of the\nbutterfly effect and whether the dynamics provided is indeed a predictable\ntheory was never discussed. At the same time, since the time-dependent density\nfunctional theory is a unique tool allowing us the study of non-equilibrium\ndynamics of strongly interacting many-fermion systems, the question of\npredictability of this theoretical framework is of paramount importance. Our\nanalysis, for a number of quantum superfluid many-body systems (unitary Fermi\ngas, nuclear fission, and heavy-ion collisions) with a classical equivalent\nnumber of degrees of freedom ${\\cal O}(10^{10})$ and larger, suggests that its\nmaximum Lyapunov exponents are negligible for all practical purposes.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation of energy in the generalized thermostatistics: We calculate the fluctuation of the energy of a system in Tsallis statistics\nfollowing the finite heat bath canonical ensemble approach. We obtain this\nfluctuation as the second derivative of the logarithm of the partition function\nplus an additional term. We also find an explicit expression for the relative\nfluctuation as related to the number of degrees of freedom of the bath and the\ncomposite system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "HP-sequence design for lattice proteins - an exact enumeration study on\n  diamond as well as square lattice: We present an exact enumeration algorithm for identifying the {\\it native}\nconfiguration - a maximally compact self avoiding walk configuration that is\nalso the minimum energy configuration for a given set of contact-energy\nschemes; the process is implicitly sequence-dependent. In particular, we show\nthat the 25-step native configuration on a diamond lattice consists of two\nsheet-like structures and is the same for all the contact-energy schemes,\n${(-1,0,0);(-7,-3,0); (-7,-3,-1); (-7,-3,1)}$; on a square lattice also, the\n24-step native configuration is independent of the energy schemes considered.\nHowever, the designing sequence for the diamond lattice walk depends on the\nenergy schemes used whereas that for the square lattice walk does not. We have\ncalculated the temperature-dependent specific heat for these designed sequences\nand the four energy schemes using the exact density of states. These data show\nthat the energy scheme $(-7,-3,-1)$ is preferable to the other three for both\ndiamond and square lattice because the associated sequences give rise to a\nsharp low-temperature peak. We have also presented data for shorter (23-, 21-\nand 17-step) walks on a diamond lattice to show that this algorithm helps\nidentify a unique minimum energy configuration by suitably taking care of the\nground-state degeneracy. Interestingly, all these shorter target configurations\nalso show sheet-like secondary structures.",
        "positive": "Normal modes of vibrations around Hubble flow in Jellium: A macroscopic Coulomb system of identical charged particles with or without a\ncompensating background charge can evolve maintaining spatial homogeneity and\nisotropy that mimic the cosmological evolution of a universe with repulsive\ngravity. Here we study dynamics of small perturbations on the background of the\ncorresponding Hubble flow by analyzing its normal modes of vibrations.\nArbitrary disturbance of the flow can be resolved into two electro-acoustic,\ntwo vortical, and one entropic modes whose dynamics is investigated.\nSpecifically, in the zero pressure or long-wavelength limits perturbations of\ndensity and velocity evolve in a manner that is independent of the form of the\ninitial disturbance. The same conclusion applies to vortical perturbations of\nthe velocity for arbitrary pressure while entropic perturbations are advected\nby the Hubble flow. Without the background charge the underlying Hubble flow\ndescribes a Coulomb explosion whose stability with respect to small\ndisturbances is also demonstrated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Abnormal superfluid fraction and structural properties of electrons in\n  2D and 3D quantum dots: an ab initio path-integral Monte Carlo study: We present extensive new direct path-integral Monte Carlo results for\nelectrons in quantum dots in two and three dimensions. This allows us to\ninvestigate the nonclassical rotational inertia (NCRI) of the system, and we\nfind an abnormal negative superfluid fraction [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 235301\n(2014)] under some conditions. In addition, we study the structural properties\nby computing a sophisticated center-two particle correlation function.\nRemarkably, we find no connection between the spatial structure and the NCRI,\nsince the former can be nearly identical for Fermi- and Bose-statistics for\nparameters where the superfluid fraction is diverging towards negative\ninfinity.",
        "positive": "Extensions of Effective Medium Theory of Transport in Disordered Systems: Effective medium theory of transport in disordered systems, whose basis is\nthe replacement of spatial disorder by temporal memory, is extended in several\npractical directions. Restricting attention to a 1-dimensional system with bond\ndisorder for specificity, a transformation procedure is developed to deduce,\nfrom given distribution functions characterizing the system disorder, explicit\nexpressions for the memory functions. It is shown how to use the memory\nfunctions in the Lapace domain forms in which they first appear, and in the\ntime domain forms which are obtained via numerical inversion algorithms, to\naddress time evolution of the system beyond the asymptotic domain of large\ntimes normally treated. An analytic but approximate procedure is provided to\nobtain the memories, in addition to the inversion algorithm. Good agreement of\neffective medium theory predictions with numerically computed exact results is\nfound for all time ranges for the distributions used except near the\npercolation limit as expected. The use of ensemble averages is studied for\nnormal as well as correlation observables. The effect of size on effective\nmediumtheory is explored and it is shown that, even in the asymptotic limit,\nfinite size corrections develop to the well known harmonic mean prescription\nfor finding the effective rate. A percolation threshold is shown to arise even\nin 1-d for finite (but not infinite) systems at a concentration of broken bonds\nrelated to the system size. Spatially long range transfer rates are shown to\nemerge naturally as a consequence of the replacement of spatial disorder by\ntemporal memories, in spite of the fact that the original rates possess nearest\nneighbor character. Pausing time distributions in continuous time random walks\ncorresponding to the effective medium memories are calculated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Iterated Conformal Dynamics and Laplacian Growth: The method of iterated conformal maps for the study of Diffusion Limited\nAggregates (DLA) is generalized to the study of Laplacian Growth Patterns and\nrelated processes. We emphasize the fundamental difference between these\nprocesses: DLA is grown serially with constant size particles, while Laplacian\npatterns are grown by advancing each boundary point in parallel, proportionally\nto the gradient of the Laplacian field. We introduce a 2-parameter family of\ngrowth patterns that interpolates between DLA and a discrete version of\nLaplacian growth. The ultraviolet putative finite-time singularities are\nregularized here by a minimal tip size, equivalently for all the models in this\nfamily. With this we stress that the difference between DLA and Laplacian\ngrowth is NOT in the manner of ultraviolet regularization, but rather in their\ndeeply different growth rules. The fractal dimensions of the asymptotic\npatterns depend continuously on the two parameters of the family, giving rise\nto a \"phase diagram\" in which DLA and discretized Laplacian growth are at the\nextreme ends. In particular we show that the fractal dimension of Laplacian\ngrowth patterns is much higher than the fractal dimension of DLA, with the\npossibility of dimension 2 for the former not excluded.",
        "positive": "Brownian duet: A novel tale of thermodynamic efficiency: We calculate analytically the stochastic thermodynamic properties of an\nisothermal Brownian engine driven by a duo of time-periodic forces, including\nits Onsager coefficients, the stochastic work of each force, and the\ncorresponding stochastic entropy production. We verify the relations between\ndifferent operational regimes, maximum power, maximum efficiency and minimum\ndissipation, and reproduce the signature features of the stochastic efficiency.\nAll these results are experimentally tested without adjustable parameters on a\ncolloidal system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coconuts and Islanders: A Statistics-First Guide to the Boltzmann\n  Distribution: The Boltzmann distribution is one of the key equations of thermal physics and\nis widely used in machine learning as well. Here I derive a Boltzmann\ndistribution in a simple pedagogical example using only tools from a first-year\nprobability course. The example is called \"coconuts and islanders\" and was\ntaught to me by my father, Shoucheng Zhang (1963 - 2018), to whom these notes\nare dedicated. By focusing on this simple story, which can be easily simulated\non a computer, I aim to provide a more accessible and intuitive presentation of\nthe Boltzmann distribution. Yet I hope this exposition also inspires deep\nthinking about statistical physics. For instance, I show that the coconuts and\nislanders story illuminates a connection between the \"fundamental assumption of\nstatistical mechanics\"---all microstates are equally probable---and the\nstatistical property of detailed balance.",
        "positive": "Persistence in the two dimensional ferromagnetic Ising model: We present very accurate numerical estimates of the time and size dependence\nof the zero-temperature local persistence in the $2d$ ferromagnetic Ising\nmodel. We show that the effective exponent decays algebraically to an\nasymptotic value $\\theta$ that depends upon the initial condition. More\nprecisely, we find that $\\theta$ takes one universal value $0.199(2)$ for\ninitial conditions with short-range spatial correlations as in a paramagnetic\nstate, and the value $0.033(1)$ for initial conditions with the long-range\nspatial correlations of the critical Ising state. We checked universality by\nworking with a square and a triangular lattice, and by imposing free and\nperiodic boundary conditions. We found that the effective exponent suffers from\nstronger finite size effects in the former case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Matter: As part of a chapter for a book titled \"50 years of the renormalization\ngroup\", dedicated to the memory of Michael E. Fisher, edited by Amnon Aharony,\nOra Entin-Wohlman, David Huse, and Leo Radzihovsky, I review a class of novel\nordered states of \"critical matter\", that exhibit strongly fluctuating\nuniversal power-law orders, controlled by an infra-red attractive, non-Gaussian\nfixed point. I will illustrate how RG methods pioneered by Wilson and Fisher\ncan be used to deduce critical phenomenology of such critical phases,\nresembling that of a critical point of second order phase transitions, but\nrequiring no fine tuning.",
        "positive": "Metastable states of the Ising chain with Kawasaki dynamics: We consider a ferromagnetic Ising chain evolving under Kawasaki dynamics at\nzero temperature. We investigate the statistics of the metastable\nconfigurations in which the system gets blocked (statistics of energy, spin\ncorrelations, distribution of domain sizes). A systematic comparison is made\nwith analytical predictions for the ensemble of all blocked configurations\ntaken with equal a priori weights (Edwards approach)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ising Quantum Chains: The aim of this article is to give a pedagogical introduction to the exact\nequilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of free fermionic quantum spin\nchains. In a first part we present in full details the canonical\ndiagonalisation procedure and review quickly the equilibrium dynamical\nproperties. The phase diagram is analysed and possible phase transitions are\ndiscussed. The two next chapters are concerned with the effect of aperiodicity\nand quenched disorder on the critical properties of the quantum chain. The\nremaining part is devoted to the nonequilibrium dynamical behaviour of such\nquantum chains relaxing from a nonequilibrium pure initial state. In\nparticular, a special attention is made on the relaxation of transverse\nmagnetization. Two-time linear response functions and correlation functions are\nalso considered, giving insights on the nature of the final nonequilibrium\nstationnary state. The possibility of aging is also discussed.",
        "positive": "The elastic Maier-Saupe-Zwanzig model and some properties of nematic\n  elastomers: We introduce a simple mean-field lattice model to describe the behavior of\nnematic elastomers. This model combines the Maier-Saupe-Zwanzig approach to\nliquid crystals and an extension to lattice systems of the Warner-Terentjev\ntheory of elasticity, with the addition of quenched random fields. We use\nstandard techniques of statistical mechanics to obtain analytic solutions for\nthe full range of parameters. Among other results, we show the existence of a\nstress-strain coexistence curve below a freezing temperature, analogous to the\nP-V diagram of a simple fluid, with the disorder strength playing the role of\ntemperature. Below a critical value of disorder, the tie lines in this diagram\nresemble the experimental stress-strain plateau, and may be interpreted as\nsignatures of the characteristic polydomain-monodomain transition. Also, in the\nmonodomain case, we show that random-fields may soften the first-order\ntransition between nematic and isotropic phases, provided the samples are\nformed in the nematic state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maximum of N Independent Brownian Walkers till the First Exit From the\n  Half Space: We consider the one-dimensional target search process that involves an\nimmobile target located at the origin and $N$ searchers performing independent\nBrownian motions starting at the initial positions $\\vec x = (x_1,x_2,...,\nx_N)$ all on the positive half space. The process stops when the target is\nfirst found by one of the searchers. We compute the probability distribution of\nthe maximum distance $m$ visited by the searchers till the stopping time and\nshow that it has a power law tail: $P_N(m|\\vec x)\\sim B_N (x_1x_2...\nx_N)/m^{N+1}$ for large $m$. Thus all moments of $m$ up to the order $(N-1)$\nare finite, while the higher moments diverge. The prefactor $B_N$ increases\nwith $N$ faster than exponentially. Our solution gives the exit probability of\na set of $N$ particles from a box $[0,L]$ through the left boundary.\nIncidentally, it also provides an exact solution of the Laplace's equation in\nan $N$-dimensional hypercube with some prescribed boundary conditions. The\nanalytical results are in excellent agreement with Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Conserving and gapless model of the weakly interacting Bose gas: The dielectric formalism is used to set up an approximate description of a\nspatially homogeneous weakly interacting Bose gas in the collision-less regime,\nwhich is both conserving and gap-less, and has coinciding poles of the\nsingle-particle Green's function and the density autocorrelation function in\nthe Bose-condensed regime. The approximation takes into account the direct and\nthe exchange interaction in a consistent way.\n  The fulfillment of the generalized Ward identities related to the\nconservation of particle-number and the breaking of the gauge-symmetry is\ndemonstrated. The dynamics at long wavelengths is considered in detail below\nand above the phase-transition, numerically and in certain limits also in\nanalytical approximations. The explicit form of the density autocorrelation\nfunction and the Green's function is exhibited and discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production of active particles and for particles in active baths: Entropy production of an active particle in an external potential is\nidentified through a thermodynamically consistent minimal lattice model that\nincludes the chemical reaction providing the propulsion and ordinary\ntranslational noise. In the continuum limit, a unique expression follows,\ncomprising a direct contribution from the active process and an indirect\ncontribution from ordinary diffusive motion. From the corresponding Langevin\nequation, this physical entropy production cannot be inferred through the\nconventional, yet here ambiguous, comparison of forward and time-reversed\ntrajectories. Generalizations to several interacting active particles and\npassive particles in a bath of active ones are presented explicitly, further\nones are briefly indicated.",
        "positive": "Molecular finite-size effects in stochastic models of equilibrium\n  chemical systems: The reaction-diffusion master equation (RDME) is a standard modelling\napproach for understanding stochastic and spatial chemical kinetics. An\ninherent assumption is that molecules are point-like. Here we introduce the\ncrowded reaction-diffusion master equation (cRDME) which takes into account\nvolume exclusion effects on stochastic kinetics due to a finite molecular\nradius. We obtain an exact closed form solution of the RDME and of the cRDME\nfor a general chemical system in equilibrium conditions. The difference between\nthe two solutions increases with the ratio of molecular diameter to the\ncompartment length scale. We show that an increase in molecular crowding can\n(i) lead to deviations from the classical inverse square root law for the\nnoise-strength; (ii) flip the skewness of the probability distribution from\nright to left-skewed; (iii) shift the equilibrium of bimolecular reactions so\nthat more product molecules are formed; (iv) strongly modulate the Fano factors\nand coefficients of variation. These crowding-induced effects are found to be\nparticularly pronounced for chemical species not involved in chemical\nconservation laws.Finally we show that statistics obtained using the vRDME are\nin good agreement with those obtained from Brownian dynamics with excluded\nvolume interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Order in extremal trajectories: Given a chaotic dynamical system and a time interval in which some quantity\ntakes an unusually large average value, what can we say of the trajectory that\nyields this deviation? As an example, we study the trajectories of the\narchetypical chaotic system, the baker's map. We show that, out of all\nirregular trajectories, a large-deviation requirement selects (isolated) orbits\nthat are periodic or quasiperiodic. We discuss what the relevance of this\ncalculation may be for dynamical systems and for glasses.",
        "positive": "Reply to the comment on \"Non-Normalizable Densities in Strong Anomalous\n  Diffusion: Beyond the Central Limit Theorem\": We provide a reply to a comment by I. Goychuk arXiv:1501.06996\n[cond-mat.stat-mech] (not under active consideration with Phys. Rev. Lett.) on\nour Letter A. Rebenshtok, S. Denisov, P. H\\\"anggi, and E. Barkai, {\\em Phys.\nRev. Lett.} {\\bf 112}, 110601 (2014)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Mechanics of a Two-Dimensional System with Long Range\n  Interaction: We analyse the statistical physics of a two dimensional lattice based gas\nwith long range interactions. The particles interact in a way analogous to\nQueens on a chess board. The long range nature of the interaction gives the\nmathematics of the problem a simple geometric structure which simplifies both\nthe analytic and numerical study of the system. We present some analytic\ncalculations for the statics of the problem and also we perform Monte Carlo\nsimulations which exhibit a dynamical transition between a high temperature\nliquid regime and a low temperature glassy regime exhibiting aging in the two\ntime correlation functions.",
        "positive": "Melting of hexagonal Skyrmion states in chiral magnets: Skyrmions are spiral structures observed in thin films of certain magnetic\nmaterials (10.1126/science.1120639). Of the phases allowed by the crystalline\nsymmetries of these materials(10.1103/PhysRevB.80.054416) only the hexagonally\npacked phases (SC_h) has been observed. Here the melting of the $SC_h$ phase is\ninvestigated using Monte Carlo simulations. In addition to the usual measure of\nSkyrmion density chiral charge, a morphological measure is considered. In doing\nso it is shown that the low temperature reduction in chiral charge is\nassociated with a change in Skyrmion profiles rather than Skyrmion destruction.\nAt higher temperatures the loss of six fold symmetry is associated with the\nappearance of elongated Skyrmions that disrupt the hexagonal packing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical structure factor in Ising systems: We perform a large-scale Monte Carlo simulation of the three-dimensional\nIsing model on simple cubic lattices of size L^3 with L=128 and 256. We\ndetermine the corresponding structure factor (Fourier transform of the\ntwo-point function) and compare it with several approximations and with\nexperimental results. We also compute the turbidity as a function of the\nmomentum of the incoming radiation, focusing in particular on the deviations\nfrom the Ornstein-Zernicke expression of Puglielli and Ford.",
        "positive": "Metashooting: A Novel Tool for Free Energy Reconstruction from\n  Polymorphic Phase Transition Mechanisms: We introduce a novel scheme for the mechanistic investigation of solid-solid\nphase transitions, which we dub \\textit{metashooting}. Combining transition\npath sampling molecular dynamics and metadynamics, this scheme allows for both\na complete mechanistic analysis and a detailed mapping of the free energy\nsurface. This is illustrated by performing \\textit{metashooting} calculations\non the pressure-induced B4/B3 $\\rightarrow$ B1 phase transition in ZnO. The\nresulting free energy map helps to clarify the role of intermediate\nconfigurations along this activated process and the competition between\ndifferent mechanistic regimes with superior accuracy. We argue that\n\\textit{metashooting} can be efficiently applied to a broader class of\nactivated processes"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generic principles of active transport: Nonequilibrium collective motion is ubiquitous in nature and often results in\na rich collection of intringuing phenomena, such as the formation of shocks or\npatterns, subdiffusive kinetics, traffic jams, and nonequilibrium phase\ntransitions. These stochastic many-body features characterize transport\nprocesses in biology, soft condensed matter and, possibly, also in nanoscience.\nInspired by these applications, a wide class of lattice-gas models has recently\nbeen considered. Building on the celebrated {\\it totally asymmetric simple\nexclusion process} (TASEP) and a generalization accounting for the exchanges\nwith a reservoir, we discuss the qualitative and quantitative nonequilibrium\nproperties of these model systems. We specifically analyze the case of a\ndimeric lattice gas, the transport in the presence of pointwise disorder and\nalong coupled tracks.",
        "positive": "Rotating Bose-Einstein condensates with attractive interactions: We examine the phase diagram of a Bose-Einstein condensate of atoms,\ninteracting with an attractive pseudopotential, in a quadratic-plus-quartic\npotential trap rotating at a given rate. Investigating the behavior of the gas\nas a function of interaction strength and rotational frequency of the trap, we\nfind that the phase diagram has three distinct phases, one with vortex\nexcitation, one with center of mass excitation, and an unstable phase in which\nthe gas collapses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Necessity of eigenstate thermalization for equilibration towards unique\n  expectation values when starting from generic initial states: We investigate dynamical equilibration of expectation values in closed\nquantum systems for realistic non-equilibrium initial states. Thereby we find\nthat the corresponding long time expectation values depend on the initial\nexpectation values if eigenstate thermalization is violated. An analytical\nexpression for the deviation from the expected ensemble value is derived for\nsmall displacements from equilibrium. Additional numerics for magnetization and\nenergy equilibration in an asymmetric anisotropic spin-1/2-ladder demonstrate\nthat the analytical predictions persist beyond the limits of the theory. The\nresults suggest eigenstate thermalization as physically necessary condition for\ninitial state independent equilibration.",
        "positive": "Sum rules for the quasi-static and visco-elastic response of disordered\n  solids at zero temperature: We study exact results concerning the non-affine displacement fields observed\nby Tanguy et al [Europhys. Lett. {\\bf 57}, 423 (2002), Phys. Rev. B {\\bf 66},\n174205 (2002)] and their contributions to elasticity. A normal mode analysis\npermits us to estimate the dominant contributions to the non-affine corrections\nto elasticity, and relate these corrections to the correlator of a fluctuating\nforce field. We extend this analysis to the visco-elastic dynamical response of\nthe system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random Fibonacci Sequences: Solutions to the random Fibonacci recurrence x_{n+1}=x_{n} + or - Bx_{n-1}\ndecrease (increase) exponentially, x_{n} = exp(lambda n), for sufficiently\nsmall (large) B. In the limits B --> 0 and B --> infinity, we expand the\nLyapunov exponent lambda(B) in powers of B and B^{-1}, respectively. For the\nclassical case of $\\beta=1$ we obtain exact non-perturbative results. In\nparticular, an invariant measure associated with Ricatti variable\nr_n=x_{n+1}/x_{n} is shown to exhibit plateaux around all rational.",
        "positive": "Kinetic Theory of Drag on Objects in Nearly Free Molecular Flow: Using an analogy between the density expansion of the transport coefficients\nof moderately dense gases and the inverse-Knudsen-number expansion of the drag\non objects in nearly free molecular flows, we formulate the collision integrals\nthat determine the first correction term to the free-molecular drag limit. We\nthen show how the procedure can be applied to calculate the drag coefficients\nof an oriented disc and a sphere as a function of the speed ratio."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Guessing probability distributions from small samples: We propose a new method for the calculation of the statistical properties, as\ne.g. the entropy, of unknown generators of symbolic sequences. The probability\ndistribution p(k) of the elements k of a population can be approximated by the\nfrequencies f(k) of a sample provided the sample is long enough so that each\nelement k occurs many times. Our method yields an approximation if this\nprecondition does not hold. For a given f(k) we recalculate the Zipf-ordered\nprobability distribution by optimization of the parameters of a guessed\ndistribution. We demonstrate that our method yields reliable results.",
        "positive": "Hubbard Models as Fusion Products of Free Fermions: A class of recently introduced su(n) `free-fermion' models has recently been\nused to construct generalized Hubbard models. I derive an algebra defining the\n`free-fermion' models and give new classes of solutions. I then introduce a\nconjugation matrix and give a new and simple proof of the corresponding\ndecorated Yang-Baxter equation. This provides the algebraic tools required to\ncouple in an integrable way two copies of free-fermion models. Complete\nintegrability of the resulting Hubbard-like models is shown by exhibiting their\nL and R matrices. Local symmetries of the models are discussed. The\ndiagonalization of the free-fermion models is carried out using the algebraic\nBethe Ansatz."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heterogeneous Mean First-Passage Time Scaling in Fractal Media: The mean first passage time~(MFPT) of random walks is a key quantity\ncharacterizing dynamic processes on disordered media. In a random fractal\nembedded in the Euclidean space, the MFPT is known to obey the power law\nscaling with the distance between a source and a target site with a universal\nexponent. We find that the scaling law for the MFPT is not determined solely by\nthe distance between a source and a target but also by their locations. The\nrole of a site in the first passage processes is quantified by the random walk\ncentrality. It turns out that the site of highest random walk centrality,\ndubbed as a hub, intervenes in first passage processes. We show that the MFPT\nfrom a departure site to a target site is determined by a competition between\ndirect paths and indirect paths detouring via the hub. Consequently, the MFPT\ndisplays a crossover scaling between a short distance regime, where direct\npaths are dominant, and a long distance regime, where indirect paths are\ndominant. The two regimes are characterized by power laws with different\nscaling exponents. The crossover scaling behavior is confirmed by extensive\nnumerical calculations of the MFPTs on the critical percolation cluster in two\ndimensional square lattices.",
        "positive": "Discrete Hierarchical Organization of Social Group Sizes: The ``social brain hypothesis'' for the evolution of large brains in primates\nhas led to evidence for the coevolution of neocortical size and social group\nsizes. Extrapolation of these findings to modern humans indicated that the\nequivalent group size for our species should be approximately 150 (essentially\nthe number of people known personally as individuals). Here, we combine data on\nhuman grouping in a comprehensive and systematic study. Using fractal analysis,\nwe identify with high statistical confidence a discrete hierarchy of group\nsizes with a preferred scaling ratio close to 3: rather than a single or a\ncontinuous spectrum of group sizes, humans spontaneously form groups of\npreferred sizes organized in a geometrical series approximating 3, 9, 27,...\nSuch discrete scale invariance (DSI) could be related to that identified in\nsignatures of herding behavior in financial markets and might reflect a\nhierarchical processing of social nearness by human brains."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Assessing the Suitability of the Langevin Equation for Analyzing\n  Measured Data Through Downsampling: The measured time series from complex systems are renowned for their\nintricate stochastic behavior, characterized by random fluctuations stemming\nfrom external influences and nonlinear interactions. These fluctuations take\ndiverse forms, ranging from continuous trajectories reminiscent of Brownian\nmotion to noncontinuous trajectories featuring jump events. The Langevin\nequation serves as a powerful tool for generating stochasticity and capturing\nthe complex behavior of measured data with continuous stochastic\ncharacteristics. However, the traditional modeling framework of the Langevin\nequation falls short when it comes to capturing the presence of abrupt changes,\nparticularly jumps, in trajectories that exhibit non-continuity. Such\nnon-continuous changes pose a significant challenge for general processes and\nhave profound implications for risk management. Moreover, the discrete nature\nof observed physical phenomena, measured with a finite sample rate, adds\nanother layer of complexity. In such cases, data points often appear as a\nseries of discontinuous jumps, even when the underlying trajectory is\ncontinuous. In this study, we present an analytical framework that goes beyond\nthe limitations of the Langevin equation. Our approach effectively\ndistinguishes between diffusive or Brownian-type trajectories and trajectories\nwith jumps. By employing downsampling techniques, where we artificially lower\nthe sample rate, we derive a set of measures and criteria to analyze the data\nand differentiate between diffusive and non-diffusive behaviors. To further\ndemonstrate its versatility and practical applicability, we have applied our\nproposed method to real-world data in various scientific fields, turbulence,\noptical tweezers for trapped particles, neuroscience, renewable energy, and\nmarket price analysis.",
        "positive": "A non-classical van der Waals loop: Collective variables method: The equation of state is investigated for an Ising-like model in the\nframework of collective variables method. The peculiar feature of the theory is\nthat a non-classical van der Waals loop is extracted. The results are compared\nwith the ones of a trigonometric parametric model in terms of normalized\nmagnetization, \\tilde{M}, and field, \\tilde{H}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Incommensurate Short-Range Order in $S=1$ Triangular Lattice Ising\n  Antiferromagnet: We study the $S = 1$ triangular lattice Ising antiferromagnet by Monte Carlo\nsimulations. Frustrations between a major antiferromagnetic third-neighbor\ninteraction $J_3$ and a minor ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interaction $J_1$\ncause incommensurate short-range orders at intermediate temperatures. At low\ntemperatures (below $T/J_3 \\lesssim 0.2$ for $J_1/J_3 = -1/3$), the system\nexhibits fourfold periodic ordered state. In the short-range order phase, the\nsystem shows a glassy two-step relaxation. We demonstrate that the features of\nthe short-range order are attributed to the cooperation between the\nfrustrations and the nonmagnetic Ising spin states which is a particular\nfeature of the integer spin systems.",
        "positive": "Magnetization curves of geometrically frustrated exchange-biased FM/AFM\n  bilayers: We consider a ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayer on a triangular lattice\nin the framework of the planar Heisenberg model. The impact of the geometrical\nfrustration in this system on the magnetization curves and the exchange bias\nphenomenon is studied. The magnetization curves and the phase diagram for such\nsystems are obtained. We observe horizontal plateaus and a split of the\nhysteresis loop on the magnetization curves. It is shown that the shift of the\nhysteresis loop (exchange bias) occurs for the systems with a magnetically hard\nantiferromagnet."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous scaling due to correlations: Limit theorems and self-similar\n  processes: We derive theorems which outline explicit mechanisms by which anomalous\nscaling for the probability density function of the sum of many correlated\nrandom variables asymptotically prevails. The results characterize general\nanomalous scaling forms, justify their universal character, and specify\nuniversality domains in the spaces of joint probability density functions of\nthe summand variables. These density functions are assumed to be invariant\nunder arbitrary permutations of their arguments. Examples from the theory of\ncritical phenomena are discussed. The novel notion of stability implied by the\nlimit theorems also allows us to define sequences of random variables whose sum\nsatisfies anomalous scaling for any finite number of summands. If regarded as\ndeveloping in time, the stochastic processes described by these variables are\nnon-Markovian generalizations of Gaussian processes with uncorrelated\nincrements, and provide, e.g., explicit realizations of a recently proposed\nmodel of index evolution in finance.",
        "positive": "Interfaces and wetting transition on the half plane. Exact results from\n  field theory: We consider the scaling limit of a generic ferromagnetic system with a\ncontinuous phase transition, on the half plane with boundary conditions leading\nto the equilibrium of two different phases below criticality. We use general\nproperties of low energy two-dimensional field theory to determine exact\nasymptotics of the magnetization profile perperdicularly to the boundary, to\nshow the presence of an interface with endpoints pinned to the boundary, and to\ndetermine its passage probability. The midpoint average distance of the\ninterface from the boundary grows as the square root of the distance between\nthe endpoints, unless the reflection amplitude of the bulk excitations on the\nboundary possesses a stable bound state pole. The contact angle of the\nphenomenological wetting theory is exactly related to the location of this\npole. Results available from the lattice solution of the Ising model are\nrecovered as a particular case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-point generating function of the free energy for a directed polymer\n  in a random medium: We consider a 1+1 dimensional directed continuum polymer in a Gaussian\ndelta-correlated space-time random potential. For this model the moments (=\nreplica) of the partition function, Z(x,t), can be expressed in terms of the\nattractive delta-Bose gas on the line. Based on a recent study of the structure\nof the eigenfunctions, we compute the generating function for Z(x_1,t),\nZ(x_2,t) under a particular decoupling assumption and thereby extend recent\nresults on the one-point generating function of the free energy to two points.\nIt is established that in the long time limit the fluctuations of the free\nenergy are governed by the two-point distribution of the Airy process, which\nfurther supports that the long time behavior of the KPZ equation is the same as\nderived previously for lattice growth models.",
        "positive": "Deformation and Failure of Amorphous Solidlike Materials: Since the 1970's, theories of deformation and failure of amorphous, solidlike\nmaterials have started with models in which stress-driven, molecular\nrearrangements occur at localized flow defects via \"shear transformations\".\nThis picture is the basis for the modern theory of \"shear transformation zones\"\n(STZ's), which is the focus of this review. We begin by describing the\nstructure of the theory in general terms and by showing several applications,\nspecifically: interpretation of stress-strain measurements for a bulk metallic\nglass, analysis of numerical simulations of shear banding, and the use of the\nSTZ equations of motion in free-boundary calculations. In the second half of\nthis article, we focus for simplicity on what we call an \"athermal\" model of\namorphous plasticity, and use that model to illustrate how the STZ theory\nemerges within a systematic formulation of nonequilibrium thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic limit and proof of condensation for trapped bosons: We study condensation of trapped bosons in the limit when the number of\nparticles tends to infinity. For the noninteracting gas we prove that there is\nno phase transition in any dimension, but in any dimension at any temperature\nthe system is 100% condensated into the one-particle ground state. In the case\nof an interacting gas we show that for a family of suitably scaled pair\ninteractions, the Gross-Pitaevskii scaling included, a less-than-100%\ncondensation into a one-particle eigenstate, which may depend on the\ninteraction strength, persists at all temperatures.",
        "positive": "Economics-Based Optimization of Unstable Flows: As an example for the optimization of unstable flows, we present an\neconomics-based method for deciding the optimal rates at which vehicles are\nallowed to enter a highway. It exploits the naturally occuring fluctuations of\ntraffic flow and is flexible enough to adapt in real time to the transient flow\ncharacteristics of road traffic. Simulations based on realistic parameter\nvalues show that this strategy is feasible for naturally occurring traffic, and\nthat even far from optimality, injection policies can improve traffic flow.\nMoreover, the same method can be applied to the optimization of flows of gases\nand granular media."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact description of quantum stochastic models as quantum resistors: We study the transport properties of generic out-of-equilibrium quantum\nsystems connected to fermionic reservoirs. We develop a new method, based on an\nexpansion of the current in terms of the inverse system size and out of\nequilibrium formulations such as the Keldysh technique and the Meir-Wingreen\nformula. Our method allows a simple and compact derivation of the current for a\nlarge class of systems showing diffusive/ohmic behavior. In addition, we obtain\nexact solutions for a large class of quantum stochastic Hamiltonians (QSHs)\nwith time and space dependent noise, using a self consistent Born diagrammatic\nmethod in the Keldysh representation. We show that these QSHs exhibit diffusive\nregimes which are encoded in the Keldysh component of the single particle\nGreen's function. The exact solution for these QSHs models confirms the\nvalidity of our system size expansion ansatz, and its efficiency in capturing\nthe transport properties. We consider in particular three fermionic models: i)\na model with local dephasing ii) the quantum simple symmetric exclusion process\nmodel iii) a model with long-range stochastic hopping. For i) and ii) we\ncompute the full temperature and dephasing dependence of the conductance of the\nsystem, both for two- and four-points measurements. Our solution gives access\nto the regime of finite temperature of the reservoirs which could not be\nobtained by previous approaches. For iii), we unveil a novel\nballistic-to-diffusive transition governed by the range and the nature (quantum\nor classical) of the hopping. As a by-product, our approach equally describes\nthe mean behavior of quantum systems under continuous measurement.",
        "positive": "Two-dimensional periodic frustrated Ising models in a transverse field: We investigate the interplay of classical degeneracy and quantum dynamics in\na range of periodic frustrated transverse field Ising systems at zero\ntemperature. We find that such dynamics can lead to unusual ordered phases and\nphase transitions, or to a quantum spin liquid (cooperative paramagnetic) phase\nas in the triangular and kagome lattice antiferromagnets, respectively. For the\nlatter, we further predict passage to a bond-ordered phase followed by a\ncritical phase as the field is tilted. These systems also provide exact\nrealizations of quantum dimer models introduced in studies of high temperature\nsuperconductivity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interface Scaling in the Contact Process: Scaling properties of an interface representation of the critical contact\nprocess are studied in dimensions 1 - 3. Simulations confirm the scaling\nrelation beta_W = 1 - theta between the interface-width growth exponent beta_W\nand the exponent theta governing the decay of the order parameter. A scaling\nproperty of the height distribution, which serves as the basis for this\nrelation, is also verified. The height-height correlation function shows clear\nsigns of anomalous scaling, in accord with Lopez' analysis [Phys. Rev. Lett.\n83, 4594 (1999)], but no evidence of multiscaling.",
        "positive": "Expansion and Contraction of Avalanches in 2D Abelian Sandpile: We present a detailed analysis of large scale simulations of avalanches in\nthe 2D Abelian sandpile model. We compare statistical properties of two\ndifferent decompositions of avalanches into clusters of topplings and waves of\ntopplings. Auxiliary critical exponents are introduced and the existence of the\nexponent governing the contraction of avalanches claimed in our previous work\n[Priezzhev et al, PRL 76,2093 (1996)] is confirmed. We also give more\nelaborated argumentation for the exact values of the exponents characterizing\nthe statistics of waves."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analysis of stochastic bifurcations with phase portraits: We propose a method to obtain phase portraits for stochastic systems.\nStarting from the Fokker-Planck equation, we separate the dynamics into a\nconvective and a diffusive part. We show that stable and unstable fixed points\nof the convective field correspond to maxima and minima of the stationary\nprobability distribution if the probability current vanishes at these points.\nStochastic phase portraits, which are vector plots of the convective field,\ntherefore indicate the extrema of the stationary distribution and can be used\nto identify stochastic bifurcations that change the number and stability of\nthese extrema. We show that limit cycles in stochastic phase portraits can\nindicate ridges of the probability distribution, and we identify a novel type\nof stochastic bifurcations, where the probability maximum moves to the edge of\nthe system through a gap between the two nullclines of the convective field.",
        "positive": "Homotopy in statistical physics: In condensed matter physics and related areas, topological defects play\nimportant roles in phase transitions and critical phenomena. Homotopy theory\nfacilitates the classification of such topological defects. After a pedagogic\nintroduction to the mathematical methods involved in topology and homotopy\ntheory, the role of the latter in a number of mainly low-dimensional\nstatistical-mechanical systems is outlined. Some recent activities in this area\nare reviewed and some possible future directions are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free Energy Barriers for Crystal Nucleation from Fluid Phases: Monte Carlo simulations of crystal nuclei coexisting with the fluid phase in\nthermal equilibrium in finite volumes are presented and analyzed, for fluid\ndensities from dense melts to the vapor. Generalizing the lever-rule for\ntwo-phase coexistence in the canonical ensemble to finite volume,\n\"measurements\" of the nucleus volume together with the pressure and chemical\npotential of the surrounding fluid allows to extract the surface free energy of\nthe nucleus. Neither the knowledge of the (in general non-spherical) nucleus\nshape nor of the angle-dependent interface tension is required for this task.\nThe feasibility of the approach is demonstrated for a variant of the\nAsakura-Oosawa model for colloid-polymer mixtures, which form face-centered\ncubic colloidal crystals. For a polymer to colloid size ratio of $0.15$, the\ncolloid packing fraction in the fluid phase can be varied from melt values to\nzero by the variation of an effective attractive potential between the\ncolloids. It is found that the approximation of spherical crystal nuclei often\nunderestimates actual nucleation barriers significantly. Nucleation barriers\nare found to scale as $\\Delta F^*=(4\\pi/3)^{1/3}\\bar{\\gamma}(V^*)^{2/3}+const.$\nwith the nucleus volume $V^*$, and the effective surface tension $\\bar{\\gamma}$\nthat accounts implicitly for the nonspherical shape can be precisely estimated.",
        "positive": "Dimer Statistics on a Bethe Lattice: We discuss the exact solutions of various models of the statistics of dimer\ncoverings of a Bethe lattice. We reproduce the well-known exact results for\nnoninteracting hard-core dimers by both a very simple geometrical argument and\na general algebraic formulation for lattice statistical problems. For the Bethe\nlattice we also obtain the exact solution when either a) the dimers interact\nvia a short-range interaction or b) the underlying lattice is anisotropic. We\nalso give solutions for special cases of random lattices and for the jamming\nlimit of one dimensional deposition of dimers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Linear and nonlinear spectroscopy from quantum master equations: We investigate the accuracy of the second-order time-convolutionless (TCL2)\nquantum master equation for the calculation of linear and nonlinear\nspectroscopies of multichromophore systems. We show that, even for systems with\nnon-adiabatic coupling, the TCL2 master equation predicts linear absorption\nspectra that are accurate over an extremely broad range of parameters and well\nbeyond what would be expected based on the perturbative nature of the approach;\nnon-equilibrium population dynamics calculated with TCL2 for identical\nparameters are significantly less accurate. For third-order (two-dimensional)\nspectroscopy, the importance of population dynamics and the violation of the\nso-called quantum regression theorem degrade the accuracy of TCL2 dynamics. To\ncorrect these failures, we combine the TCL2 approach with a classical ensemble\nsampling of slow microscopic bath degrees of freedom, leading to an efficient\nhybrid quantum-classical scheme that displays excellent accuracy over a wide\nrange of parameters. In the spectroscopic setting, the success of such a hybrid\nscheme can be understood through its separate treatment of homogeneous and\ninhomogeneous broadening. Importantly, the presented approach has the\ncomputational scaling of TCL2, with the modest addition of an embarrassingly\nparallel prefactor associated with ensemble sampling. The presented approach\ncan be understood as a generalized inhomogeneous cumulant expansion technique,\ncapable of treating multilevel systems with non-adiabatic dynamics.",
        "positive": "Open boundary conditions of the $D^{(2)}_3$ spin chain and sectors of\n  conformal field theories: We study open boundary conditions for the $D^{(2)}_3$ spin chain, which\nshares connections with the six-vertex model, under staggering, and also to the\nantiferromagnetic Potts model. By formulating a suitable transfer matrix, we\nobtain an integrable, open Hamiltonian, hence allowing for us to classify\ndifferent regions of the underlying conformal field theory from eigenvalues of\nthe Hamiltonian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Continuum percolation of polydisperse hyperspheres in infinite\n  dimensions: We analyze the critical connectivity of systems of penetrable $d$-dimensional\nspheres having size distributions in terms of weighed random geometrical\ngraphs, in which vertex coordinates correspond to random positions of the\nsphere centers and edges are formed between any two overlapping spheres. Edge\nweights naturally arise from the different radii of two overlapping spheres.\nFor the case in which the spheres have bounded size distributions, we show that\nclusters of connected spheres are tree-like for $d\\rightarrow \\infty$ and they\ncontain no closed loops. In this case, we find that the mean cluster size\ndiverges at the percolation threshold density $\\eta_c\\rightarrow 2^{-d}$,\nindependently of the particular size distribution. We also show that the mean\nnumber of overlaps for a particle at criticality $z_c$ is smaller than unity,\nwhile $z_c\\rightarrow 1$ only for spheres with fixed radii. We explain these\nfeatures by showing that in the large dimensionality limit the critical\nconnectivity is dominated by the spheres with the largest size. Assuming that\nclosed loops can be neglected also for unbounded radii distributions, we find\nthat the asymptotic critical threshold for systems of spheres with radii\nfollowing a lognormal distribution is no longer universal, and that it can be\nsmaller than $2^{-d}$ for $d\\rightarrow\\infty$.",
        "positive": "The power-law distribution in the geometrically growing system:\n  Statistic of the COVID-19 pandemic: The power-law distribution is ubiquitous and its mechanism seems to be\nvarious. We find a general mechanism for the distribution. The distribution of\na geometrically growing system can be approximated by a log - completely\nsquared chi distribution with 1 degree of freedom (log-CS$\\chi_1$), which\nreaches asymptotically a power-law distribution, or by a log-normal\ndistribution, which has an infinite asymptotic slope, at the upper limit. For\nthe log-CS$\\chi_1$, the asymptotic exponent of the power-law or the slope in a\nlog-log diagram seems to be related only to the variances of the system\nparameters and their mutual correlation but independent of an initial\ndistribution of the system or any mean value of parameters. We can take the\nlog-CS$\\chi_1$ as a unique approximation when the system should have a singular\ninitial distribution. The mechanism shows a comprehensiveness to be applicable\nto wide practice. We derive a simple formula for the Zipf's exponent, which\nwill probably demand that the exponent should be near -1 rather than exactly\n-1. We show that this approach can explain statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vigorous thermal excitations in a double-tetrahedral chain of localized\n  Ising spins and mobile electrons mimic a temperature-driven first-order phase\n  transition: A hybrid spin-electron system defined on one-dimensional double-tetrahedral\nchain, in which the localized Ising spin regularly alternates with two mobile\nelectrons delocalized over a triangular plaquette, is exactly solved with the\nhelp of generalized decoration-iteration transformation. It is shown that a\nmacroscopic degeneracy of ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic ground states arising\nfrom chiral degrees of freedom of the mobile electrons cannot be lifted by a\nmagnetic field in contrast to a macroscopic degeneracy of the frustrated ground\nstate, which appears owing to a kinetically-driven frustration of the localized\nIsing spins. An anomalous behavior of all basic thermodynamic quantities can be\nobserved on account of massive thermal excitations, which mimic a\ntemperature-driven first-order phase transition from the non-degenerate\nfrustrated state to the highly degenerate ferrimagnetic state at non-zero\nmagnetic fields. A substantial difference in the respective degeneracies is\nresponsible for an immense low-temperature peak of the specific heat and very\nabrupt (almost discontinuous) thermal variations of the entropy and sublattice\nmagnetizations.",
        "positive": "Pattern Dynamics of Rayleigh-Benard convective rolls and weakly\n  segregated diblock copolymers: We consider the pattern dynamics of the lamellar phases observed in\nRayleigh-Benard convection, as described by the Swift-Hohenberg equation, and\nin the weak segregation regime of diblock copolymers. Both numerical and\nanalytical investigations show that the dynamical growth of the characteristic\nlength scale in both systems is described by the same growth exponents, thus\nsuggesting that both systems are members of the same universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scale invariant thermodynamics of a toroidally trapped Bose gas: We consider a system of bosonic atoms in an axially symmetric harmonic trap\naugmented with a two dimensional repulsive Gaussian optical potential. We find\nan expression for the grand free energy of the system for configurations\nranging from the harmonic trap to the toroidal regime. For large tori we\nidentify an accessible regime where the ideal gas thermodynamics of the system\nare found to be independent of toroidal radius. This property is a consequence\nof an invariant extensive volume of the system that we identify analytically in\nthe regime where the toroidal potential is radially harmonic. In considering\ncorrections to the scale invariant transition temperature, we find that the\nfirst order interaction shift is the dominant effect in the thermodynamic\nlimit, and is also scale invariant. We also consider adiabatic loading from the\nharmonic to toroidal trap configuration, which we show to have only a small\neffect on the condensate fraction of the ideal gas, indicating that loading\ninto the scale invariant regime may be experimentally practical.",
        "positive": "Discretized Diffusion Processes: We study the properties of the ``Rigid Laplacian'' operator, that is we\nconsider solutions of the Laplacian equation in the presence of fixed\ntruncation errors. The dynamics of convergence to the correct analytical\nsolution displays the presence of a metastable set of numerical solutions,\nwhose presence can be related to granularity. We provide some scaling analysis\nin order to determine the value of the exponents characterizing the process. We\nbelieve that this prototype model is also suitable to provide an explanation of\nthe widespread presence of power-law in social and economic system where\ninformation and decision diffuse, with errors and delay from agent to agent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A continuous non-linear shadowing model of columnar growth: We propose the first continuous model with long range screening (shadowing)\nthat described columnar growth in one space dimension, as observed in plasma\nsputter deposition. It is based on a new continuous partial derivative equation\nwith non-linear diffusion and where the shadowing effects apply on all the\ndifferent processes.",
        "positive": "From Metadynamics to Dynamics: Metadynamics is a commonly used and successful enhanced sampling method. By\nthe introduction of a history dependent bias which depends on a restricted\nnumber of collective variables(CVs) it can explore complex free energy surfaces\ncharacterized by several metastable states separated by large free energy\nbarriers. Here we extend its scope by introducing a simple yet powerful method\nfor calculating the rates of transition between different metastable states.\nThe method does not rely on a previous knowledge of the transition states or\nreaction co-ordinates, as long as CVs are known that can distinguish between\nthe various stable minima in free energy space. We demonstrate that our method\nrecovers the correct escape rates out of these stable states and also preserves\nthe correct sequence of state-to-state transitions, with minimal extra\ncomputational effort needed over ordinary metadynamics. We apply the formalism\nto three different problems and in each case find excellent agreement with the\nresults of long unbiased molecular dynamics runs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unsupervised machine learning approaches to the $q$-state Potts model: In this paper with study phase transitions of the $q$-state Potts model,\nthrough a number of unsupervised machine learning techniques, namely Principal\nComponent Analysis (PCA), $k$-means clustering, Uniform Manifold Approximation\nand Projection (UMAP), and Topological Data Analysis (TDA). Even though in all\ncases we are able to retrieve the correct critical temperatures $T_c(q)$, for\n$q = 3, 4$ and $5$, results show that non-linear methods as UMAP and TDA are\nless dependent on finite size effects, while still being able to distinguish\nbetween first and second order phase transitions. This study may be considered\nas a benchmark for the use of different unsupervised machine learning\nalgorithms in the investigation of phase transitions.",
        "positive": "Some Exact Results on Bond Percolation: We present some exact results on bond percolation. We derive a relation that\nspecifies the consequences for bond percolation quantities of replacing each\nbond of a lattice $\\Lambda$ by $\\ell$ bonds connecting the same adjacent\nvertices, thereby yielding the lattice $\\Lambda_\\ell$. This relation is used to\ncalculate the bond percolation threshold on $\\Lambda_\\ell$. We show that this\nbond inflation leaves the universality class of the percolation transition\ninvariant on a lattice of dimensionality $d \\ge 2$ but changes it on a\none-dimensional lattice and quasi-one-dimensional infinite-length strips. We\nalso present analytic expressions for the average cluster number per vertex and\ncorrelation length for the bond percolation problem on the $N \\to \\infty$\nlimits of several families of $N$-vertex graphs. Finally, we explore the effect\nof bond vacancies on families of graphs with the property of bounded diameter\nas $N \\to \\infty$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean first-passage time of quantum transition processes: In this paper, we consider the problem of mean first-passage time (MFPT) in\nquantum mechanics; the MFPT is the average time of the transition from a given\ninitial state, passing through some intermediate states, to a given final state\nfor the first time. We apply the method developed in statistical mechanics for\ncalculating the MFPT of random walks to calculate the MFPT of a transition\nprocess. As applications, we (1) calculate the MFPT for multiple-state systems,\n(2) discuss transition processes occurring in an environment background, (3)\nconsider a roundabout transition in a hydrogen atom, and (4) apply the approach\nto laser theory.",
        "positive": "Non-integrability and the Fourier heat conduction law: We study in momentum-conserving systems, how nonintegrable dynamics may\naffect thermal transport properties. As illustrating examples, two\none-dimensional (1D) diatomic chains, representing 1D fluids and lattices,\nrespectively, are numerically investigated. In both models, the two species of\natoms are assigned two different masses and are arranged alternatively. The\nsystems are nonintegrable unless the mass ratio is one. We find that when the\nmass ratio is slightly different from one, the heat conductivity may keep\nsignificantly unchanged over a certain range of the system size and as the mass\nratio tends to one, this range may expand rapidly. These results establish a\nnew connection between the macroscopic thermal transport properties and the\nunderlying dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized mode-coupling theory of the glass transition. II. Analytical\n  scaling laws: Generalized mode-coupling theory (GMCT) constitutes a systematically\ncorrectable, first-principles theory to study the dynamics of supercooled\nliquids and the glass transition. It is a hierarchical framework that, through\nthe incorporation of increasingly many particle density correlations, can\nremedy some of the inherent limitations of the ideal mode-coupling theory\n(MCT). However, despite MCT's limitations, the ideal theory also enjoys several\nremarkable successes, notably including the analytical scaling laws for the\n$\\alpha$- and $\\beta$-relaxation dynamics. Here we mathematically derive\nsimilar scaling laws for arbitrary-order multi-point density correlation\nfunctions obtained from GMCT under arbitrary mean-field closure levels. More\nspecifically, we analytically derive the asymptotic and preasymptotic solutions\nfor the long-time limits of multi-point density correlators, the critical\ndynamics with two power-law decays, the factorization scaling laws in the\n$\\beta$-relaxation regime, and the time-density superposition principle in the\n$\\alpha$-relaxation regime. The two characteristic power-law-divergent\nrelaxation times for the two-step decay and the non-trivial relation between\ntheir exponents are also obtained. The validity ranges of the leading-order\nscaling laws are also provided by considering the leading preasymptotic\ncorrections. Furthermore, we test these solutions for the Percus-Yevick\nhard-sphere system. We demonstrate that GMCT preserves all the celebrated\nscaling laws of MCT while quantitatively improving the exponents, rendering the\ntheory a promising candidate for an ultimately quantitative first-principles\ntheory of glassy dynamics.",
        "positive": "Epidemic thresholds of the Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible model on\n  networks: A comparison of numerical and theoretical results: Recent work has shown that different theoretical approaches to the dynamics\nof the Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) model for epidemics lead to\nqualitatively different estimates for the position of the epidemic threshold in\nnetworks. Here we present large-scale numerical simulations of the SIS dynamics\non various types of networks, allowing the precise determination of the\neffective threshold for systems of finite size N. We compare quantitatively the\nnumerical thresholds with theoretical predictions of the heterogeneous\nmean-field theory and of the quenched mean-field theory. We show that the\nlatter is in general more accurate, scaling with N with the correct exponent,\nbut often failing to capture the correct prefactor."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective Temperature Thermodynamics and the Glass Transition:\n  Connecting Time-Scales: We propose a theory based on simple physical arguments that describes a non\nequilibrium steady-state by a temperature-like parameter (an \"effective\ntemperature\"). We show how one can predict the effective temperature as a\nfunction of the temperature of the environment for a specific case of\nnon-equilibrium behavior: radiation amorphization. The main idea that we\npresent is that the amorphization process is inherently connected to the\ndynamical arrest that a liquid undergoes when it transforms into a glass. We\nsuggest that similar arguments may hold also for the effective temperature\nunder plastic deformation.",
        "positive": "\"Color-tripole ice\" as a conceptual generalization of \"spin ice\": \"Spin Ice\" is an exotic type of frustrated magnet realized in \"pyrochlore\"\nmaterials Ho_{2}Ti_{2}O_{7}, Dy_{2}Ti_{2}O_{7}, Ho_{2}Sn_{2}O_{7}, etc., in\nwhich magnetic atoms (spins) reside on a sublattice made of the vertices of\ncorner-sharing tetrahedra. Each spin is Ising-like with respect to a local axis\nwhich connects the centers of two tetrahedra sharing the vertex occupied by the\nspin. The macroscopically degenerate ground states of these magnets obey the\n\"two-in two-out\" \"ice rule\" within each tetrahedron. Magnetic monopoles and\nanti-monopoles emerge as elementary excitations, \"fractionalizing\" the\nconstituent magnetic dipoles. This system is also a novel type of statistical\nmechanical system. Here we introduce a conceptual generalization of \"spin ice\"\nto what we shall call \"color-tripole ice\", in which three types of \"color\ncharges\" can emerge as elementary excitations, which are Abelian approximations\nof the color charges introduced in high energy physics. Two two-dimensional\n(2D) models are introduced first, where the color charges are found to be 1D\nand constrained 2D, respectively. Generalizations of these two models to 3D are\nthen briefly discussed, In the second one the color charges are likely 3D.\nPauling-type estimates of the \"residual (or zero-point) entropy\" are also made\nfor these models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random walks over a super-percolating two dimensional lattice: Two-dimensional networks of ordered quantum dots beyond the percolation\nthreshold are studied, as typical example of conducting nanostructures with\nquenched random disorder. Theory predicts anomalous diffusion with\nstretched-exponential relaxation at short distances, and computer simulations\non lattices of crossing, straight paths of random length confirm such a\nbehavior. Anomalous diffusion is interpreted as resulting from the higher\nprobability of taking straight, or ballistic paths, when the traveled distance\nis comparable or shorter than the lattice characteristic length. Diffusion\nturns over to normal for longer traveled distances, whence all paths tend to\nbecome equiprobable. Such random lattice structures represent a model for\nrealistic quantum dot networks, with potential applications in optoelectronics,\nphotovoltaics or spintronics.",
        "positive": "Higher-order correlation functions and nonlinear response functions in a\n  Gaussian trap model: The four-time correlation function of a general dynamical variable obeying\nGaussian statistics is calculated for the trap model with a Gaussian density of\nstates. It is argued that for energy-independent variables this function is\nreminiscent of the four-time functions that have been discussed earlier in the\ninterpretation of the results of four-dimensional NMR experiments on\nsupercooled liquids. Using an approximative relation between the four-time\ncorrelation function and the cubic response function the nonlinear\nsusceptibility is calculated and the results are compared with the\ncorresponding ones resulting from an exact calculation. It is found that the\nresults of the approximation change the qualitative behavior of the modulus of\nthe susceptibility. Whereas in the exact calculation a peak is found in the\nmodulus in most cases, depending on temperature and the additional model\nparameters no such peak occurs in the approximation. This difference has its\norigin mainly in an incorrect estimate of the static response. The results are\ndiscussed in relation to recent experimental findings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Full counting statistics for interacting trapped fermions: We study $N$ spinless fermions in their ground state confined by an external\npotential in one dimension with long range interactions of the general\nCalogero-Sutherland type. For some choices of the potential this system maps to\nstandard random matrix ensembles for general values of the Dyson index $\\beta$.\nIn the fermion model $\\beta$ controls the strength of the interaction,\n$\\beta=2$ corresponding to the noninteracting case. We study the quantum\nfluctuations of the number of fermions ${\\cal N}_{\\cal D}$ in a domain\n$\\cal{D}$ of macroscopic size in the bulk of the Fermi gas. We predict that for\ngeneral $\\beta$ the variance of ${\\cal N}_{\\cal D}$ grows as $A_{\\beta} \\log N\n+ B_{\\beta}$ for $N \\gg 1$ and we obtain a formula for $A_\\beta$ and $B_\\beta$.\nThis is based on an explicit calculation for $\\beta\\in\\left\\{ 1,2,4\\right\\} $\nand on a conjecture that we formulate for general $\\beta$. This conjecture\nfurther allows us to obtain a universal formula for the higher cumulants of\n${\\cal N}_{\\cal D}$. Our results for the variance in the microscopic regime are\nfound to be consistent with the predictions of the Luttinger liquid theory with\nparameter $K = 2/\\beta$, and allow to go beyond. In addition we present\nfamilies of interacting fermion models in one dimension which, in their ground\nstates, can be mapped onto random matrix models. We obtain the mean fermion\ndensity for these models for general interaction parameter $\\beta$. In some\ncases the fermion density exhibits interesting transitions, for example we\nobtain a noninteracting fermion formulation of the Gross-Witten-Wadia model.",
        "positive": "Testing the Edwards hypothesis in spin systems under tapping dynamics: The Edwards hypothesis of ergodicity of blocked configurations for gently\ntapped granular materials is tested for abstract models of spin systems on\nrandom graphs and spin chains with kinetic constraints. The tapping dynamics is\nmodeled by considering two distinct mechanisms of energy injection: thermal and\nrandom tapping. We find that ergodicity depends upon the tapping procedure\n(i.e. the way the blocked configurations are dynamically accessed): for thermal\ntapping ergodicity is a good approximation, while it fails to describe the\nasymptotic stationary state reached by the random tapping dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Protein design in a lattice model of hydrophobic and polar amino acids: A general strategy is described for finding which amino acid sequences have\nnative states in a desired conformation (inverse design). The approach is used\nto design sequences of 48 hydrophobic and polar aminoacids on three-dimensional\nlattice structures. Previous studies employing a sequence-space Monte-Carlo\ntechnique resulted in the successful design of one sequence in ten attempts.\nThe present work also entails the exploration of conformations that compete\nsignificantly with the target structure for being its ground state. The design\nprocedure is successful in all the ten cases.",
        "positive": "Experimental evidence of a phase transition in a closed turbulent flow: We experimentally study the susceptibility to symmetry breaking of a closed\nturbulent von K\\'{a}rm\\'{a}n swirling flow from $Re = 150$ to $Re \\simeq\n10^{6}$. We report a divergence of this susceptibility at an intermediate\nReynolds number $Re = Re_\\chi \\simeq 90\\,000$ which gives experimental evidence\nthat such a highly space and time fluctuating system can undergo a \"phase\ntransition\". This transition is furthermore associated with a peak in the\namplitude of fluctuations of the instantaneous flow symmetry corresponding to\nintermittencies between spontaneously symmetry breaking metastable states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Mechanics of Interfering Links: We consider the statistical mechanics of interfering transmissions in a\nwireless communications protocol. In this case, a connection between two nodes\nrequires all other nodes within communication distance of the given two nodes\nto remain quiet on the given channel. This leads to an interesting problem of\ndimers on a lattice, with a restriction that no two dimers can overlap or be\nnearest neighbors. We consider both an equilibrium and a non-equilibrium,\n\"greedy\" dynamics for the links; the equilibrium properties of the model are\nfound to exhibit an interesting spin glass transition at maximum density on\ncertain lattices, while the greedy construction is related to the problem of\nrandom sequential adsorption.",
        "positive": "Geometric phaselike effects in a quantum heat engine: By periodically driving the temperatures of reservoirs in quantum heat\nengines, geometric phase or Pancharatnam-Berry phase-like (PBp) effects in the\nthermodynamics can be observed. The PBp can be identified from a generating\nfunction (GF) method within an adiabatic quantum Markovian master equation\nformalism. The GF is shown not to lead to a standard open quantum system's\nfluctuation theorem in presence of phase-different modulations with an\ninapplicability in the use of the popular large deviation theory. Effect of\ncoherences on the optimized value of the flux is nullified due to PBp\ncontributions. The PBp causes the universality of the linear coefficient in the\nexpansion of the efficiency at maximum power in terms of Carnot efficiency to\nbe violated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-extensive RMT Approach to Mixed Regular-Chaotic Dynamics: We apply Tsallis's q-indexed entropy to formulate a non-extensive random\nmatrix theory (RMT), which may be suitable for systems with mixed\nregular-chaotic dynamics. The joint distribution of the matrix elements is\ngiven by folding the corresponding quantity in the conventional random matrix\ntheory by a distribution of the inverse matrix-element variance. It keeps the\nbasis invariance of the standard theory but violates the independence of the\nmatrix elements. We consider the sub-extensive regime of q more than unity in\nwhich the transition from the Wigner to the Poisson statistics is expected to\nstart. We calculate the level density for different values of the entropic\nindex. Our results are consistent with an analogous calculation by Tsallis and\ncollaborators. We calculate the spacing distribution for mixed systems with and\nwithout time-reversal symmetry. Comparing the result of calculation to a\nnumerical experiment shows that the proposed non-extensive model provides a\nsatisfactory description for the initial stage of the transition from chaos\ntowards the Poisson statistics.",
        "positive": "Can a microscopic stochastic model explain the emergence of pain cycles\n  in patients?: A stochastic model is here introduced to investigate the molecular mechanisms\nwhich trigger the perception of pain. The action of analgesic drug compounds is\ndiscussed in a dynamical context, where the competition with inactive species\nis explicitly accounted for. Finite size effects inevitably perturb the\nmean-field dynamics: Oscillations in the amount of bound receptors\nspontaneously manifest, driven by the noise which is intrinsic to the system\nunder scrutiny. These effects are investigated both numerically, via stochastic\nsimulations and analytically, through a large-size expansion. The claim that\nour findings could provide a consistent interpretative framework to explain the\nemergence of cyclic behaviors in response to analgesic treatments, is\nsubstantiated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermalization with a multibath: an investigation in simple models: We study analytically and numerically a couple of paradigmatic spin models,\neach described in terms of two sets of variables attached to two different\nthermal baths with characteristic timescales $T$ and $\\tau$ and inverse\ntemperatures $B$ and $\\beta$. In the limit in which one bath becomes extremely\nslow ($\\tau \\to \\infty$), such models amount to a paramagnet and to a\none-dimensional ferromagnet, in contact with a single bath. We show that these\nsystems reach a stationary state in a finite time for any choice of $B$ and\n$\\beta$. We determine the non-equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relation\nbetween the autocorrelation and the response function in such state and, from\nthat, we discuss if and how thermalization with the two baths occurs and the\nemergence of a non-trivial fluctuation-dissipation ratio.",
        "positive": "Quantum mechanical formalism for biological evolution: We study the evolution of sexual and asexual populations in general fitness\nlandscapes. We find deep relations between the mathematics of biological\nevolution and the formalism of quantum mechanics. We give the general structure\nof the evolution of populations which is in general an off-equilibrium process\nthat can be expressed by path integrals over phylogenies. These phylogenies are\nsums of linear lineages for asexual populations. For sexual populations\ninstead, each lineage is a tree of branching ratio two and the path integral\ndescribing the evolving population is given by a sum over these trees. Finally,\nwe show that the Bose-Einstein and the Fermi-Dirac distributions describe the\nstationary state of biological populations in simple cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magneto-resistivity model and ionization energy approximation for\n  ferromagnets: The evolution of resistivity versus temperature ($\\rho(T)$) curve for\ndifferent doping elements, and in the presence of various defects and\nclustering are explained for both diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) and\nmanganites. Here, we provide unambiguous evidence that the concept of\nionization energy ($E_I$), which is explicitly associated with the atomic\nenergy levels, can be related quantitatively to transport measurements. The\nproposed ionization energy model is used to understand how the valence states\nof ions affect the evolution of $\\rho(T)$ curves for different doping elements.\nWe also explain how the $\\rho(T)$ curves evolve in the presence of, and in the\nabsence of defects and clustering. The model also complements the results\nobtained from first-principles calculations.",
        "positive": "Inference for interacting linear waves in ordered and random media: A statistical inference method is developed and tested for pairwise\ninteracting systems whose degrees of freedom are continuous angular variables,\nsuch as planar spins in magnetic systems or wave phases in optics and\nacoustics. We investigate systems with both deterministic and quenched\ndisordered couplings on two extreme topologies: complete and sparse graphs. To\nmatch further applications in optics also complex couplings and external fields\nare considered and general inference formulas are derived for real and\nimaginary parts of Hermitian coupling matrices from real and imaginary parts of\ncomplex correlation functions. The whole procedure is, eventually, tested on\nnumerically generated correlation functions and local magnetizations by means\nof Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generating directed networks with prescribed Laplacian spectra: Complex real-world phenomena are often modeled as dynamical systems on\nnetworks. In many cases of interest, the spectrum of the underlying graph\nLaplacian sets the system stability and ultimately shapes the matter or\ninformation flow. This motivates devising suitable strategies, with rigorous\nmathematical foundation, to generate Laplacian that possess prescribed spectra.\nIn this paper, we show that a weighted Laplacians can be constructed so as to\nexactly realize a desired complex spectrum. The method configures as a non\ntrivial generalization of existing recipes which assume the spectra to be real.\nApplications of the proposed technique to (i) a network of Stuart-Landau\noscillators and (ii) to the Kuramoto model are discussed. Synchronization can\nbe enforced by assuming a properly engineered, signed and weighted, adjacency\nmatrix to rule the pattern of pairing interactions.",
        "positive": "Navier-Stokes Equations for Generalized Thermostatistics: Tsallis has proposed a generalization of Boltzmann-Gibbs thermostatistics by\nintroducing a family of generalized nonextensive entropy functionals with a\nsingle parameter $q$. These reduce to the extensive Boltzmann-Gibbs form for\n$q=1$, but a remarkable number of statistical and thermodynamic properties have\nbeen shown to be $q$-invariant -- that is, valid for any $q$. In this paper, we\naddress the question of whether or not the value of $q$ for a given viscous,\nincompressible fluid can be ascertained solely by measurement of the fluid's\nhydrodynamic properties. We find that the hydrodynamic equations expressing\nconservation of mass and momentum are $q$-invariant, but that for conservation\nof energy is not. Moreover, we find that ratios of transport coefficients may\nalso be $q$-dependent. These dependences may therefore be exploited to measure\n$q$ experimentally."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On quantization of weakly nonlinear lattices. Envelope solitons: A way of quantizing weakly nonlinear lattices is proposed. It is based on\nintroducing \"pseudo-field\" operators. In the new formalism quantum envelope\nsolitons together with phonons are regarded as elementary quasi-particles\nmaking up boson gas. In the classical limit the excitations corresponding to\nfrequencies above linear cut-off frequency are reduced to conventional envelope\nsolitons. The approach allows one to identify the quantum soliton which is\nlocalized in space and understand existence of a narrow soliton frequency band.",
        "positive": "Topological Theory of Phase Transitions: The investigation of the Hamiltonian dynamical counterpart of phase\ntransitions, combined with the Riemannian geometrization of Hamiltonian\ndynamics, has led to a preliminary formulation of a differential-topological\ntheory of phase transitions. In fact, in correspondence of a phase transition\nthere are peculiar geometrical changes of the mechanical manifolds that are\nfound to stem from changes of their topology. These findings, together with two\ntheorems, have suggested that a topological theory of phase transitions can be\nformulated to go beyond the limits of the existing theories. Among other\nadvantages, the new theory applies to phase transitions in small $N$ systems\n(that is, at nanoscopic and mesoscopic scales), and in the absence of\nsymmetry-breaking. However, the preliminary version of the theory was\nincomplete and still falsifiable by counterexamples. The present work provides\na relevant leap forward leading to an accomplished development of the\ntopological theory of phase transitions paving the way to further developments\nand applications of the theory that can be no longer hampered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of the Rule 150 reversible cellular automaton: We study the dynamics of the Rule 150 reversible cellular automaton (RCA).\nThis is a one-dimensional lattice system of binary variables with synchronous\n(Floquet) dynamics, corresponding to a bulk deterministic and reversible\ndiscrete version of the kinetically constrained XOR-Fredrickson-Andersen model,\nwhereby the local dynamics is restricted: a site flips if and only if the\nstates of its neighbouring sites are different from each other. Like other RCA\nwhich have been studied recently, such as Rule 54 and Rule 201, Rule 150 is\nintegrable, however, in contrast is noninteracting. In particular, the emergent\nquasiparticles - the domain walls - behave as free fermions. This then allows\nus to solve the model by means of matrix product ans\\\"{a}tze. We find the exact\nequilibrium and nonequilibrium stationary states for systems with closed\n(periodic) and open (stochastic) boundaries, respectively, resolve the full\nspectrum of the time evolution operator and, therefore, gain access to the\nrelaxation dynamics, and obtain the exact large deviation statistics of\ndynamical observables in the long time limit.",
        "positive": "Path integral derivation and numerical computation of large deviation\n  prefactors for non-equilibrium dynamics through matrix Riccati equations: For many non-equilibrium dynamics driven by small noise, in physics,\nchemistry, biology, or economy, rare events do matter. Large deviation theory\nthen explains that the leading order term of the main statistical quantities\nhave an exponential behavior. The exponential rate is often obtained as the\ninfimum of an action, which is minimized along an instanton. In this paper, we\nconsider the computation of the next order sub-exponential prefactors, which\nare crucial for a large number of applications. Following a path integral\napproach, we derive the dynamics of the Gaussian fluctuations around the\ninstanton and compute from it the sub-exponential prefactors. As might be\nexpected, the formalism leads to the computation of functional determinants and\nmatrix Riccati equations. By contrast with the cases of equilibrium dynamics\nwith detailed balance or generalized detailed balance, we stress the specific\nnon locality of the solutions of the Riccati equation: the prefactors depend on\nfluctuations all along the instanton and not just at its starting and ending\npoints. We explain how to numerically compute the prefactors. The case of\nstatistically stationary quantities requires considerations of non trivial\ninitial conditions for the matrix Riccati equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Static and dynamic simulation in the classical two-dimensional\n  anisotropic Heisenberg model: By using a simulated annealing approach, Monte Carlo and molecular-dynamics\ntechniques we have studied static and dynamic behavior of the classical\ntwo-dimensional anisotropic Heisenberg model. We have obtained numerically that\nthe vortex developed in such a model exhibit two different behaviors depending\nif the value of the anisotropy $\\lambda$ lies below or above a critical value\n$\\lambda_c$ . The in-plane and out-of-plane correlation functions ($S^{xx}$ and\n$S^{zz}$) were obtained numerically for $\\lambda < \\lambda_c$ and $\\lambda >\n\\lambda_c$ . We found that the out-of-plane dynamical correlation function\nexhibits a central peak for $\\lambda > \\lambda_c$ but not for $\\lambda <\n\\lambda_c$ at temperatures above $T_{BKT}$ .",
        "positive": "The Carnot Cycle for Small Systems: Irreversibility and the Cost of\n  Operations: We employ the recently developed framework of the energetics of stochastic\nprocesses (called `stochastic energetics'), to re-analyze the Carnot cycle in\ndetail, taking account of fluctuations, without taking the thermodynamic limit.\n  We find that both processes of connection to and disconnection from heat\nbaths and adiabatic processes that cause distortion of the energy distribution\nare sources of inevitable irreversibility within the cycle. Also, the so-called\nnull-recurrence property of the cumulative efficiency of energy conversion over\nmany cycles and the irreversible property of isolated, purely mechanical\nprocesses under external `macroscopic' operations are discussed in relation to\nthe impossibility of a perpetual machine, or Maxwell's demon."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Building continuous time crystals from rare events: Symmetry-breaking dynamical phase transitions (DPTs) abound in the\nfluctuations of nonequilibrium systems. Here we show that the spectral features\nof a particular class of DPTs exhibit the fingerprints of the recently\ndiscovered time-crystal phase of matter. Using Doob's transform as a tool, we\nprovide a mechanism to build time-crystal generators from the rare event\nstatistics of some driven diffusive systems. An analysis of the Doob's smart\nfield in terms of the order parameter of the transition then leads to the\ntime-crystal exclusion process (tcEP), a stochastic lattice gas subject to an\nexternal packing field which presents a clear-cut steady-state phase transition\nto a time-crystalline phase which breaks continuous time-translation symmetry\nand displays rigidity and long-range spatio-temporal order. A hydrodynamic\nanalysis of the tcEP transition uncovers striking similarities, but also key\ndifferences, with the Kuramoto synchronization transition. Possible\nexperimental realizations of the tcEP are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Symmetry Hierarchy and Thermalization Frustration in Graphene\n  Nanoresonators: As the essential cause of the intrinsic dissipation that limits the quality\nof graphene nanoresonators, intermodal energy transfer is also a key issue in\nthermalization dynamics. Typically systems with larger initial energy demand\nshorter time to be thermalized. However, we find quantitatively that instead of\nbecoming shorter, the equipartition time of the graphene nanoresonator can\nincrease abruptly by one order of magnitude. This thermalization frustration\nemerges due to the partition of the normal modes based on the hierarchical\nsymmetry, and a sensitive on-off switching of the energy flow channels between\nsymmetry classes controlled by Mathieu instabilities. The results uncover the\ndecisive roles of symmetry in the thermalization at the nanoscale, and may also\nlead to strategies for improving the performance of graphene nanoresonators."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal formula for the mean first passage time in planar domains: We derive a general exact formula for the mean first passage time (MFPT) from\na fixed point inside a planar domain to an escape region on its boundary. The\nunderlying mixed Dirichlet-Neumann boundary value problem is conformally mapped\nonto the unit disk, solved exactly, and mapped back. The resulting formula for\nthe MFPT is valid for an arbitrary space-dependent diffusion coefficient, while\nthe leading logarithmic term is explicit, simple, and remarkably universal. In\ncontrast to earlier works, we show that the natural small parameter of the\nproblem is the harmonic measure of the escape region, not its perimeter. The\nconventional scaling of the MFPT with the area of the domain is altered when\ndiffusing particles are released near the escape region. These findings change\nthe current view of escape problems and related chemical or biochemical\nkinetics in complex, multiscale, porous or fractal domains, while the\nfundamental relation to the harmonic measure opens new ways of computing and\ninterpreting MFPTs.",
        "positive": "Time increasing rates of infiltration and reaction in porous media at\n  the percolation thresholds: The infiltration of a solute in a fractal porous medium is usually anomalous,\nbut chemical reactions of the solute and that material may increase the\nporosity and affect the evolution of the infiltration. We study this problem in\ntwo- and three-dimensional lattices with randomly distributed porous sites at\nthe critical percolation thresholds and with a border in contact with a\nreservoir of an aggressive solute. The solute infiltrates that medium by\ndiffusion and the reactions with the impermeable sites produce new porous sites\nwith a probability $r$, which is proportional to the ratio of reaction and\ndiffusion rates at the scale of a lattice site. Numerical simulations for\n$r\\ll1$ show initial subdiffusive scaling and long time Fickean scaling of the\ninfiltrated volumes or areas, but with an intermediate regime with time\nincreasing rates of infiltration and reaction. The anomalous exponent of the\ninitial regime agrees with a relation previously applied to infinitely ramified\nfractals. We develop a scaling approach that explains the subsequent time\nincrease of the infiltration rate, the dependence of this rate on $r$, and the\ncrossover to the Fickean regime. The exponents of the scaling relations depend\non the fractal dimensions of the critical percolation clusters and on the\ndimensions of random walks in those clusters. The time increase of the reaction\nrate is also justified by that reasoning. As $r$ decreases, there is an\nincrease in the number of time decades of the intermediate regime, which\nsuggests that the time increasing rates are more likely to be observed is\nslowly reacting systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The critical behavior of magnetic systems described by\n  Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson field theories: We discuss the critical behavior of several three-dimensional magnetic\nsystems, such as pure and randomly dilute (anti)ferromagnets and stacked\ntriangular antiferromagnets. We also discuss the nature of the multicritical\npoints that arise in the presence of two distinct O(n)-symmetric order\nparameters and, in particular, the nature of the multicritical point in the\nphase diagram of high-T_c superconductors that has been predicted by the SO(5)\ntheory. For each system, we consider the corresponding Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson\nfield theory and review the field-theoretical results obtained from the\nanalysis of high-order perturbative series in the frameworks of the epsilon and\nof the fixed-dimension d=3 expansions.",
        "positive": "Onsager and Kaufman's calculation of the spontaneous magnetization of\n  the Ising model: Lars Onsager announced in 1949 that he and Bruria Kaufman had proved a simple\nformula for the spontaneous magnetization of the square-lattice Ising model,\nbut did not publish their derivation. It was three years later when C. N. Yang\npublished a derivation in Physical Review. In 1971 Onsager gave some clues to\nhis and Kaufman's method, and there are copies of their correspondence in 1950\nnow available on the Web and elsewhere. Here we review how the calculation\nappears to have developed, and add a copy of a draft paper, almost certainly by\nOnsager and Kaufman, that obtains the result."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coherence properties of a continuous atom laser: We investigate the coherence properties of an atomic beam evaporatively\ncooled in a magnetic guide, assuming thermal equilibrium in the quantum\ndegenerate regime. The gas experiences two-dimensional, transverse\nBose-Einstein condensation rather than a full three-dimensional condensation\nbecause of the very elongated geometry of the magnetic guide. First order and\nsecond order correlation functions of the atomic field are used to characterize\nthe coherence properties of the gas along the axis of the guide. The coherence\nlength of the gas is found to be much larger than the thermal de Broglie\nwavelength in the strongly quantum degenerate regime. Large intensity\nfluctuations present in the ideal Bose gas model are found to be strongly\nreduced by repulsive atomic interactions; this conclusion is obtained with a\none-dimensional classical field approximation valid when the temperature of the\ngas is much higher than its chemical potential, k_B T >> |mu|.",
        "positive": "Direct observation of Levy flight of holes in bulk n-InP: We study the photoluminescence spectra excited at an edge side of n-InP slabs\nand observed from the broadside. In a moderately doped sample the intensity\ndrops off as a power-law function of the distance from the excitation - up to\nseveral millimeters - with no change in the spectral shape.The hole\ndistribution is described by a stationary Levy-flight process over more than\ntwo orders of magnitude in both the distance and hole concentration. For\nheavily-doped samples, the power law is truncated by free-carrier absorption.\nOur experiments are near-perfectly described by the Biberman-Holstein transport\nequation with parameters found from independent optical experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A combinatorial view of stochastic processes: White noise: White noise is a fundamental and fairly well understood stochastic process\nthat conforms the conceptual basis for many other processes, as well as for the\nmodeling of time series. Here we push a fresh perspective toward white noise\nthat, grounded on combinatorial considerations, contributes to give new\ninteresting insights both for modelling and theoretical purposes. To this aim,\nwe incorporate the ordinal pattern analysis approach which allows us to\nabstract a time series as a sequence of patterns and their associated\npermutations, and introduce a simple functional over permutations that\npartitions them into classes encoding their level of asymmetry. We compute the\nexact probability mass function (p.m.f.) of this functional over the symmetric\ngroup of degree $n$, thus providing the description for the case of an infinite\nwhite noise realization. This p.m.f. can be conveniently approximated by a\ncontinuous probability density from an exponential family, the Gaussian, hence\nproviding natural sufficient statistics that render a convenient and simple\nstatistical analysis through ordinal patterns. Such analysis is exemplified on\nexperimental data for the spatial increments from tracks of gold nanoparticles\nin 3D diffusion.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of open quantum systems: A tutorial introduction is presented for the calculation of the time dynamics\nfor models of dissipative quantum mechanics where a small quantum system is\ncoupled to noninteracting bosonic or fermionic reservoirs. We discuss the\nbasics and applications of the real-time renormalization group method (RTRG),\nwhere the Fourier variable $E$ conjugate to the time variable $t$ is used as\nflow parameter. It is shown how a well-controlled perturbation theory can be\nset up in the coupling to the bath where secular and logarithmic terms are\nresummed to all order of perturbation theory. This is achieved by a set of\nperturbative RG equations for the effective Liouvillian and the effective\nvertices. Truncating the RG equations we show how the time dynamics can be\nobtained analytically for exponentially small, intermediate and exponentially\nlarge times. Basic applications are discussed for particle and potential energy\nexchange within the interacting resonant level model, spin exchange for the\nnonequilibrium Kondo model, and heat exchange within the ohmic spin boson model\nat zero bias."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A generalization of Bloch's theorem for arbitrary boundary conditions:\n  Theory: We present a generalization of Bloch's theorem to finite-range lattice\nsystems of independent fermions, in which translation symmetry is broken only\nby arbitrary boundary conditions, by providing exact, analytic expressions for\nall energy eigenvalues and eigenstates. By transforming the single-particle\nHamiltonian into a corner-modified banded block-Toeplitz matrix, a key step is\na bipartition of the lattice, which splits the eigenvalue problem into a system\nof bulk and boundary equations. The eigensystem inherits most of its solutions\nfrom an auxiliary, infinite translation-invariant Hamiltonian that allows for\nnon-unitary representations of translation symmetry. A reformulation of the\nboundary equation in terms of a boundary matrix ensures compatibility with the\nboundary conditions, and determines the allowed energy eigenstates. We show how\nthe boundary matrix captures the interplay between bulk and boundary\nproperties, leading to efficient indicators of bulk-boundary correspondence.\nRemarkable consequences of our generalized Bloch theorem are the engineering of\nHamiltonians that host perfectly localized, robust zero-energy edge modes, and\nthe predicted emergence, e.g. in Kitaev's chain, of localized excitations whose\namplitudes decay exponentially with a power-law prefactor. We further show how\nthe theorem yields diagonalization algorithms for the class of Hamiltonians\nunder consideration, and use the proposed bulk-boundary indicator to\ncharacterize the topological response of a multi-band time-reversal invariant\ns-wave superconductor under twisted boundary conditions, showing how a\nfractional Josephson effect can occur without a fermionic parity switch.\nFinally, we establish connections to the transfer matrix method and\ndemonstrate, using the paradigmatic Kitaev's chain example, that a\nnon-diagonalizable transfer matrix signals the presence of solutions with a\npower-law prefactor.",
        "positive": "Enhancing the formation of ionic defects to study the ice Ih/XI\n  transition with molecular dynamics simulations: Ice Ih, the common form of ice in the biosphere, contains proton disorder.\nIts proton-ordered counterpart, ice XI, is thermodynamically stable below 72 K.\nHowever, even below this temperature the formation of ice XI is kinetically\nhindered and experimentally it is obtained by doping ice with KOH. Doping\ncreates ionic defects that promote the migration of protons and the associated\nchange in proton configuration. In this article, we mimic the effect of doping\nin molecular dynamics simulations using a bias potential that enhances the\nformation of ionic defects. The recombination of the ions thus formed proceeds\nthrough fast migration of the hydroxide and results in the jump of protons\nalong a hydrogen bond loop. This provides a physical and expedite way to change\nthe proton configuration, and to accelerate diffusion in proton configuration\nspace. A key ingredient of this approach is a machine learning potential\ntrained with density functional theory data and capable of modeling molecular\ndissociation. We exemplify the usefulness of this idea by studying the\norder-disorder transition using an appropriate order parameter to distinguish\nthe proton environments in ice Ih and XI. We calculate the changes in free\nenergy, enthalpy, and entropy associated with the transition. Our estimated\nentropy agrees with experiment within the error bars of our calculation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Duality and phase diagram of one dimensional transport: The observation of duality by Mukherji and Mishra in one dimensional\ntransport problems has been used to develop a general approach to classify and\ncharacterize the steady state phase diagrams. The phase diagrams are determined\nby the zeros of a set of coarse-grained functions without the need of detailed\nknowledge of microscopic dynamics. In the process, a new class of\nnonequilibrium multicritical points has been identified.",
        "positive": "Revisiting the Lee-Yang singularities in the four-dimensional Ising\n  model: A tribute to the memory of Ralph Kenna: We have studied numerically the Lee-Yang singularities of the four\ndimensional Ising model at criticality, which is believed to be in the same\nuniversality class as the $\\phi_4^4$ scalar field theory. We have focused in\nthe numerical characterization of the logarithmic corrections to the scaling of\nthe zeros of the partition function and its cumulative probability\ndistribution, finding a very good agreement with the predictions of the\nrenormalization group computation on the $\\phi_4^4$ scalar field theory. We\nhave found that this agreement improves much more with the order of the\nLee-Yang zeros. To obtain these results, we have extended a previous study [R.\nKenna and C. B. Lang, Nucl. Phys. {\\bf B393} 461 (1993)] in which were computed\nnumerically the first two zeros for $L\\le 24$ lattices, to the computation of\nthe first four zeros for $L\\le 64$ lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal sampling of dynamical large deviations in two dimensions via\n  tensor networks: We use projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) to calculate the large\ndeviations (LD) statistics of the dynamical activity of the two dimensional\nEast model, and the two dimensional symmetric simple exclusion process (SSEP)\nwith open boundaries, in lattices of up to 40x40 sites. We show that at\nlong-times both models have phase transitions between active and inactive\ndynamical phases. For the 2D East model we find that this trajectory transition\nis of the first-order, while for the SSEP we find indications of a second order\ntransition. We then show how the PEPS can be used to implement a trajectory\nsampling scheme capable of directly accessing rare trajectories. We also\ndiscuss how the methods described here can be extended to study rare events at\nfinite times.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic expansion for the resistance between two maximum separated\n  nodes on a $M \\times N$ resistor network: We analyze the exact formulae for the resistance between two arbitrary notes\nin a rectangular network of resistors under free, periodic and cylindrical\nboundary conditions obtained by Wu [J. Phys. A 37, 6653 (2004)]. Based on such\nexpression, we then apply the algorithm of Ivashkevich, Izmailian and Hu [J.\nPhys. A 35, 5543 (2002)] to derive the exact asymptotic expansions of the\nresistance between two maximum separated nodes on an $M \\times N$ rectangular\nnetwork of resistors with resistors $r$ and $s$ in the two spatial directions.\nOur results is $ \\frac{1}{s}R_{M\\times N}(r,s)= c(\\rho)\\,\n\\ln{S}+c_0(\\rho,\\xi)+\\sum_{p=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{c_{2p}(\\rho,\\xi)}{S^{p}} $ with\n$S=M N$, $\\rho=r/s$ and $\\xi=M/N$. The all coefficients in this expansion are\nexpressed through analytical functions. We have introduced the effective aspect\nratio $\\xi_{eff} = \\sqrt{\\rho}\\;\\xi$ for free and periodic boundary conditions\nand $\\xi_{eff} = \\sqrt{\\rho}\\;\\xi/2$ for cylindrical boundary condition and\nshow that all finite size correction terms are invariant under transformation\n$\\xi_{eff} \\to {1}/\\xi_{eff}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distribution of Dangling Ends on the Incipient Percolation Cluster: We study numerically and by scaling arguments the probability P(M)dM that a\ngiven dangling end of the incipient percolation cluster has a mass between M\nand M + dM. We find by scaling arguments that P(M) decays with a power law,\nP(M)~M^(-(1+k)), with an exponent k=dBf/df, where df and dBf are the fractal\ndimensions of the cluster and its backbone, respectively. Our numerical results\nyield k=0.83 in d=2 and k=0.74 in d=3 in very good agreement with theory.",
        "positive": "Inverse Design of Non-Equilibrium Steady-States: A Large Deviation\n  Approach: The design of small scale non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) is a\nchallenging, open ended question. While similar equilibrium problems are\ntractable using standard thermodynamics, a generalized description for\nnon-equilibrium systems is lacking, making the design problem particularly\ndifficult. Here we show we can exploit the large deviation behavior of a\nBrownian particle and design a variety of geometrically complex steady-state\ndensity distributions and flux field flows. We achieve this design target from\ndirect knowledge of the joint large deviation functional for the empirical\ndensity and flow, and a \"relaxation\" algorithm on the desired target states via\nadjustable force field parameters. We validate the method by replicating\nanalytical results, and demonstrate its capacity to yield complex prescribed\ntargets, such as rose-curve or polygonal shapes on the plane. We consider this\ndynamical fluctuation approach a first step towards the design of more complex\nNESS where general frameworks are otherwise still lacking."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sporadic randomness, Maxwell's Demon and the Poincare' recurrence times: In the case of fully chaotic systems the distribution of the\nPoincare'recurrence times is an exponential whose decay rate is the\nKolmogorov-Sinai(KS) entropy.We address the discussion of the same problem, the\nconnection between dynamics and thermodynamics,in the case of sporadic\nrandomness,using the Manneville map as a prototype of this class of processes.\nWe explore the possibility of relating the distribution of Poincare' recurrence\ntimes to `thermodynamics',in the sense of the KS entropy,also in the case of an\ninverse power law. This is the dynamic property that Zaslavsly [Phys.Today(8),\n39(1999)] finds to be responsible for a striking deviation from ordinary\nstatistical mechanics under the form of Maxwell's Demon effect. We show that\nthis way of estabi- lishing a connection between thermodynamics and dynamics is\nvalid only in the case of strong chaos. In the case of sporadic randomness,\nresulting at long times in the Levy diffusion processes,the sensitivity to\ninitial conditions is initially an inverse pow erlaw,but it becomes exponential\nin the long-time scale, whereas the distribution of Poincare times keeps its\ninverse power law forever. We show that a nonextensive thermodynamics would\nimply the Maxwell's Demon effect to be determined by memory and thus to be\ntemporary,in conflict with the dynamic approach to Levy statistics. The\nadoption of heuristic arguments indicates that this effect,is possible, as a\nform of genuine equilibrium,after completion of the process of memory erasure.",
        "positive": "Density-Independent Model of Self-Propelled Particles: We examine a density-independent modification of the Vicsek model in which a\nparticle interacts with neighbors defined by Delaunay triangulation. To\nfeasibly simulate the model, an algorithm for repairing the triangulation over\ntime was developed. This algorithm may also be applied to any time-varying\ntwo-dimensional Delaunay triangulation. This model exhibits a continuous phase\ntransition with noise, and a distinct set of critical exponents were measured\nwhich satisfy a hyperscaling relationship. The critical exponents are found to\nvary between a low and high velocity regime, but they are robust under the\ninclusion of a repulsive interaction. We present evidence that the correlation\nlength approximately scales with the size of the system even in the ordered\nphase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inverse Scattering Method Solves the Problem of Full Statistics of\n  Nonstationary Heat Transfer in the Kipnis-Marchioro-Presutti Model: We determine the full statistics of nonstationary heat transfer in the\nKipnis-Marchioro-Presutti lattice gas model at long times by uncovering and\nexploiting complete integrability of the underlying equations of the\nmacroscopic fluctuation theory. These equations are closely related to the\nderivative nonlinear Schr\\\"{o}dinger equation (DNLS), and we solve them by the\nZakharov-Shabat inverse scattering method (ISM) adapted by Kaup and Newell\n(1978) for the DNLS. We obtain explicit results for the exact large deviation\nfunction of the transferred heat for an initially localized heat pulse, where\nwe uncover a nontrivial symmetry relation.",
        "positive": "Random Recursive Trees and the Elephant Random Walk: One class of random walks with infinite memory, so called elephant random\nwalks, are simple models describing anomalous diffusion. We present a\nsurprising connection between these models and bond percolation on random\nrecursive trees. We use a coupling between the two models to translate results\nfrom elephant random walks to the percolation process. We calculate, besides\nother quantities, exact expressions for the first and the second moment of the\nroot cluster size and of the number of nodes in child clusters of the first\ngeneration. We further introduce a new model, the skew elephant random walk and\ncalculate the first and second moment of this process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time series analysis of friction force at self-affine mode of ice\n  surface softening: The self-affine mode of ice softening during friction is investigated within\nthe rheological model for viscoelastic medium approximation. The different\nmodes of ice rubbing, determined by formation of surface liquid-like layer, are\nstudied. The analysis of time series of friction force is carried out, namely\nFourier analysis, construction of autocorrelation and difference\nautocorrelation functions. The spectral power law is detected for modes of\ncrystalline ice as well as of a mixture of stable ice and metastable softening.\nThe self-similarity and aperiodic character of corresponding time series of\nfriction force are proved.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of Ising models coupled microscopically to bath systems: Based on the Robertson theory the nonlinear dynamics of general Ising systems\ncoupled microscopically to bath systems is investigated leading to two\ncomplimentary approaches. Within the master equation approach microscopically\nfounded transition rates are presented which essentially differ from the usual\nphenological rates. The second approach leads to coupled equations of motion\nfor the local magnetizations and the exchange energy. Simple examples are\ndiscussed and the general results are applied to the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick\nspin glass model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jamming and metastability in one dimension: from the kinetically\n  constrained Ising chain to the Riviera model: The Ising chain with kinetic constraints provides many examples of totally\nirreversible zero-temperature dynamics leading to metastability with an\nexponentially large number of attractors. In most cases, the constrained\nzero-temperature dynamics can be mapped onto a model of random sequential\nadsorption. We provide a brief didactic review, based on the example of the\nconstrained Glauber-Ising chain, of the exact results on the dynamics of these\nmodels and on their attractors that have been obtained by means of the above\nmapping. The Riviera model introduced recently by Puljiz et al. behaves\nsimilarly to the kinetically constrained Ising chains. This totally\nirreversible deposition model however does not enjoy the shielding property\ncharacterising models of random sequential adsorption. It can therefore neither\nbe mapped onto such a model nor (in all likelihood) be solved by analytical\nmeans. We present a range of novel results on the attractors of the Riviera\nmodel, obtained by means of an exhaustive enumeration for smaller systems and\nof extensive simulations for larger ones, and put these results in perspective\nwith the exact ones which are available for kinetically constrained Ising\nchains.",
        "positive": "Many-body-localization induced protection of symmetry-protected\n  topological order in a XXZ spin model: There is a counter-intuitive expectation proposed by Huse {\\it et al} [Phys.\nRev. B {\\bf 88}, 014206 (2013)], and Chandran {\\it et al} [Phys. Rev. B\n89,144201 (2014)]: Localization protects quantum order of groundstate even in\nhigh excited eigenstates. In this work, we numerically investigate the\nlocalization protection for symmetry-protected-topological (SPT) order by\nconsidering a modified XXZ spin model, related to an interacting\nSu-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model. We systematically study how\nMany-body-localization (MBL) protects SPT for different disorder types and\ndifferent forms of interactions. A certain disorder leads the clear degeneracy\nof the low-lying entanglement spectrum of each excited many-body eigenstates.\nThis fact indicates that existence of edge modes, which is a hallmark of the\nSPT order, is protected by the MBL in excited many-body eigenstates. In\naddition, we also report how the MBL protected edge modes in excited many-body\neigenstates fade away for a diagonal type disorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Internal Fluctuations Effects on Fisher Waves: We study the diffusion-limited reaction A + A <-> A in different spatial\ndimensions to observe the effect of internal fluctuations on the interface\nbetween stable and unstable phases. We find that, similar to what has been\nobserved in d=1 dimensions, internal fluctuations modify the mean-field\nbehavior predictions for this process, which is given by Fisher's\nreaction-diffusion equation. In d > 1 the front displays local fluctuations\nperpendicular to the direction of motion which, with a proper definition of the\ninterface, can be fully described within the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ)\nuniversality class. This clarifies the apparent discrepancies with KPZ\npredictions reported recently.",
        "positive": "Magnetic properties of the multi-walled nanotubes constituted by\n  localized magnetic moments: spin-1/2 case: Magnetic properties of the multi-walled nanotubes have been investigated.\nHeisenberg model, which is a suitable model for the system consist of atoms\nwith localized wave functions has been used. Effective field theory in two spin\ncluster for spin-1/2 has been numerically solved and critical properties such\nas phase diagrams as well as the behavior of the order parameter and hysteresis\nloops obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complex Networks: effect of subtle changes in nature of randomness: In two different classes of network models, namely, the Watts Strogatz type\nand the Euclidean type, subtle changes have been introduced in the randomness.\nIn the Watts Strogatz type network, rewiring has been done in different ways\nand although the qualitative results remain same, finite differences in the\nexponents are observed. In the Euclidean type networks, where at least one\nfinite phase transition occurs, two models differing in a similar way have been\nconsidered. The results show a possible shift in one of the phase transition\npoints but no change in the values of the exponents. The WS and Euclidean type\nmodels are equivalent for extreme values of the parameters; we compare their\nbehaviour for intermediate values.",
        "positive": "Gaussian Random Embeddings of Multigraphs: This paper generalizes the Gaussian random walk and Gaussian random polygon\nmodels for linear and ring polymers to polymer topologies specified by an\narbitrary multigraph $G$. Probability distributions of monomer positions and\nedge displacements are given explicitly and the spectrum of the graph Laplacian\nof $G$ is shown to predict the geometry of the configurations. This provides a\nnew perspective on the James-Guth-Flory theory of phantom elastic networks. The\nmodel is based on linear algebra motivated by ideas from homology and\ncohomology theory. It provides a robust theoretical foundation for more\ndetailed models of topological polymers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deformed quantum statistics in two-dimensions: It is known from the early work of May in 1964 that ideal Bose gas do not\nexhibit condensation phenomenon in two dimensions. On the other hand, it is\nalso known that the thermostatistics arising from q-deformed oscillator algebra\nhas no connection with the spatial dimensions of the system. Our recent work\nconcerns the study of important thermodynamic functions such as the entropy,\noccupation number, internal energy and specific heat in ordinary three spatial\ndimensions, where we established that such thermostatistics is developed by\nconsistently replacing the ordinary thermodynamic derivatives by the Jackson\nderivatives. The thermostatistics of q-deformed bosons and fermions in two\nspatial dimensions is an unresolved question and that is the subject of this\ninvestigation. We study the principal thermodynamic functions of both bosons\nand fermions in the two dimensional q-deformed formalism and we find that,\ndifferent from the standard case, the specific heat of q-boson and q-fermion\nideal gas, at fixed temperature and number of particle, are no longer\nidentical.",
        "positive": "How Geometrical Frustrated Systems Challenge our Notion of\n  Thermodynamics: Although Boltzmann's definition of entropy, and, hence, the existence of\nnegative temperatures, are widely accepted, we will show scenarios which\napparently at a first glance are inconsistent with our normal notion of\nthermodynamics. This is shown in the framework of stochastic thermodynamics for\nspecial geometrical frustrated systems (GFSs), which have maximum entropy at\nits ground state and constant negative temperature. For two GFSs in weak\nthermal contact and at same temperature, all energetic constellations are equal\nprobable. A hot and a cool GFS in contact is driven by entropic forces via heat\ntransfer to a most probable state in which the hot GFS is in its ground state.\nThe same holds for a GFS in contact with a gas. As this is not a local maximum\nof entropy both subsystems maintain different temperatures here.\nRe-parametrization can transform these non-local into local maxima with\ncorresponding equivalence of re-defined temperatures. However, these\ntemperatures cannot be assigned solely to a subsystem but describe combinations\nof both.The non-local maxima of entropy restrict the naive application of the\nzeroth law of thermodynamics. Reformulated this law is still valid with the\nconsequence that a GFS at constant negative temperature can measure positive\ntemperatures. A GFS combined with a polarized paramagnetic spin gas may have a\nlocal or non-local maxima of entropy, with equivalent or non-equivalent\ntemperatures, respectively. In case of a local maximum the spin gas can measure\nthe temperature of the GFS, however, it does not reveal information about its\nenergetic state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Application of zero-determinant strategies to particle control in\n  statistical physics: Zero-determinant strategies are a class of strategies in repeated games which\nunilaterally control payoffs. Zero-determinant strategies have attracted much\nattention in studies of social dilemma, particularly in the context of\nevolution of cooperation. So far, not only general properties of\nzero-determinant strategies have been investigated, but zero-determinant\nstrategies have been applied to control in the fields of information and\ncommunications technology and analysis of imitation. Here, we provide another\nexample of application of zero-determinant strategies: control of a particle on\na lattice. We first prove that zero-determinant strategies, if exist, can be\nimplemented by some one-dimensional transition probability. Next, we prove\nthat, if a two-player game has a non-trivial potential function, a\nzero-determinant strategy exists in its repeated version. These two results\nenable us to apply the concept of zero-determinant strategies to control the\nexpected potential energies of two coordinates of a particle on a\ntwo-dimensional lattice.",
        "positive": "An Exact Result for the Partition Function of Two-Dimensional Nearest\n  Neighbour Ising Models in Non-Zero Magnetic Field: The partition function of two-dimensional nearest neighbour Ising models in a\nnon-zero magnetic field is derived employing a matrix formulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of two lattice ice models in three dimensions: In a recent paper we introduced two Potts-like models in three dimensions,\nwhich share the following properties: (A) One of the ice rules is always\nfulfilled (in particular also at infinite temperature). (B) Both ice rules hold\nfor groundstate configurations. This allowed for an efficient calculation of\nthe residual entropy of ice I (ordinary ice) by means of multicanonical\nsimulations. Here we present the thermodynamics of these models. Despite their\nsimilarities with Potts models, no sign of a disorder-order phase transition is\nfound.",
        "positive": "Activated dynamic scaling in the random-field Ising model: a\n  nonperturbative functional renormalization group approach: The random-field Ising model shows extreme critical slowdown that has been\ndescribed by activated dynamic scaling: the characteristic time for the\nrelaxation to equilibrium diverges exponentially with the correlation length,\n$\\ln \\tau\\sim \\xi^\\psi/T$ , with $\\psi$ an \\textit{a priori} unknown barrier\nexponent. Through a nonperturbative functional renormalization group, we show\nthat for spatial dimensions $d$ less than a critical value $d_{DR} \\simeq 5.1$,\nalso associated with dimensional-reduction breakdown, $\\psi=\\theta$ with\n$\\theta$ the temperature exponent near the zero-temperature fixed point that\ncontrols the critical behavior. For $d>d_{DR}$ on the other hand,\n$\\psi=\\theta-2\\lambda$ where $\\theta=2$ and $\\lambda>0$ a new exponent. At the\nupper critical dimension $d=6$, $\\lambda=1$ so that $\\psi=0$, and activated\nscaling gives way to conventional scaling. We give a physical interpretation of\nthe results in terms of collective events in real space, avalanches and\ndroplets. We also propose a way to check the two regimes by computer\nsimulations of long-range 1-$d$ systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density-density correlation and interference mechanism for two initially\n  independent Bose-Einstein condensates: In an exciting experiment by MIT's group (Science 275, 637 (1997)), clear\ninterference fringes were observed for two initially independent Bose\ncondensates in dilute gas. Presently, there are two different theories\n(measurement-induced interference theory and interaction-induced interference\ntheory) which can both explain MIT's experimental results. Based on our\ninteraction-induced interference theory, we consider the evolution of the\ndensity-density correlation after the releasing of a double-well potential\ntrapping two independent Bose condensates. Based on the interaction-induced\ninterference theory, we find that the interference fringes in the\ndensity-density correlation exhibit a behavior of emergence and disappearance\nwith the development of time. We find essential difference for the\ndensity-density correlation based on interaction-induced interference theory\nand measurement-induced interference theory, and thus we suggest the\ndensity-density correlation to experimentally reveal further the interference\nmechanism for two initially independent Bose condensates.",
        "positive": "Ferromagnetic Potts models with multisite interaction: We study the $q$ states Potts model with four site interaction on the square\nlattice. Based on the asymptotic behaviour of lattice animals, it is argued\nthat when $q\\leq 4$ the system exhibits a second-order phase transition, and\nwhen $q > 4$ the transition is first order. The $q=4$ model is borderline. We\nfind ${1}/{\\ln q}$ to be an upper bound on $T_c$, the exact critical\ntemperature. Using a low-temperature expansion, we show that $1/(\\theta\\ln q)$,\nwhere $\\theta>1$ is a $q$-dependent geometrical term, is an improved upper\nbound on $T_c$. In fact, our findings support $T_c=1/(\\theta\\ln q)$. This\nexpression is used to estimate the finite correlation length in first-order\ntransition systems. These results can be extended to other lattices. Our\ntheoretical predictions are confirmed numerically by an extensive study of the\nfour-site interaction model using the Wang-Landau entropic sampling method for\n$q=3,4,5$. In particular, the $q=4$ model shows an ambiguous finite-size\npseudocritical behaviour."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cooling by Heating: Restoration of the Third Law of Thermodynamics: We have made a simple and natural modification of a recent quantum\nrefrigerator model presented by Cleuren et al. in Phys. Rev, Lett.108, 120603\n(2012). The original model consist of two metal leads acting as heat baths, and\na set of quantum dots that allow for electron transport between the baths. It\nwas shown to violate the dynamic third law of thermodynamics (the\nunattainability principle, which states that cooling to absolute zero in finite\ntime is impossible), but by taking into consideration the finite energy level\nspacing in metals we restore the third law, while keeping all of the original\nmodel's thermodynamic properties intact.",
        "positive": "Velocity Statistics Distinguish Quantum Turbulence from Classical\n  Turbulence: By analyzing trajectories of solid hydrogen tracers, we find that the\ndistributions of velocity in decaying quantum turbulence in superfluid $^4$He\nare strongly non-Gaussian with $1/v^3$ power-law tails. These features differ\nfrom the near-Gaussian statistics of homogenous and isotropic turbulence of\nclassical fluids. We examine the dynamics of many events of reconnection\nbetween quantized vortices and show by simple scaling arguments that they\nproduce the observed power-law tails."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective diffusivity of Brownian particles in a two dimensional square\n  lattice of hard disks: We revisit the classic problem of the effective diffusion constant of a\nBrownian particle in a square lattice of reflecting impenetrable hard disks.\nThis diffusion constant is also related to the effective conductivity of\nnon-conducting and infinitely conductive disks in the same geometry. We show\nhow a recently derived Green's function for the periodic lattice can be\nexploited to derive a series expansion of the diffusion constant in terms of\nthe disk's volume fraction $\\varphi$. Secondly we propose a variant of the\nFick-Jacobs approximation to study the large volume fraction limit. This\ncombination of analytical results is shown to describe the behavior of the\ndiffusion constant for all volume fractions.",
        "positive": "The Spectrum of the Loop Transfer Matrix on Finite Lattice: We consider the model of random surfaces with extrinsic curvature term\nembedded into 3d Euclidean lattice $Z^3$. On a 3d Euclidean lattice it has\nequivalent representation in terms of transfer matrix $K(Q_{i},Q_{f})$, which\ndescribes the propagation of loops $Q$. We study the spectrum of the transfer\nmatrix $K(Q_{i},Q_{f})$ on finite dimensional lattices. The renormalisation\ngroup technique is used to investigate phase structure of the model and its\ncritical behaviour."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover scaling of apparent first-order wetting in two dimensional\n  systems with short-ranged forces: Recent analyses of wetting in the semi-infinite two dimensional Ising model,\nextended to include both a surface coupling enhancement and a surface field,\nhave shown that the wetting transition may be effectively first-order and that\nsurprisingly the surface susceptibility develops a divergence described by an\nanomalous exponent with value $\\gamma_{11}^{\\rm eff}=\\frac{3}{2}$. We reproduce\nthese results using an interfacial Hamiltonian model making connection with\nprevious studies of two dimensional wetting and show that they follow from the\nsimple crossover scaling of the singular contribution to the surface\nfree-energy which describes the change from apparent first-order to continuous\n(critical) wetting due to interfacial tunnelling. The crossover scaling\nfunctions are calculated explicitly within both the strong-fluctuation and\nintermediate-fluctuation regimes and determine uniquely and more generally the\nvalue of $\\gamma_{11}^{\\rm eff}$ which is non-universal for the latter regime.\nThe location and the rounding of a line of pseudo pre-wetting transitions\noccurring above the wetting temperature and off bulk coexistence, together with\nthe crossover scaling of the parallel correlation length, is also discussed in\ndetail.",
        "positive": "Far from equilibrium relaxation in the weak coupling limit: A common assumption is that a large system, weakly coupled to a thermal\nenvironment through its boundaries, relaxes quasi-statically towards the new\nequilibrium even when the temperature of the environment changes abruptly. Here\nwe show how this intuitive picture can break down in discrete energy systems,\neven in the case of infinitely weak coupling. We provide an example in the\nIsing antiferromagnetic chain, showing how the interaction among degrees of\nfreedom can create corrugated energy landscapes that are responsible for\nfar-from-equilibrium and anomalous relaxations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Understanding the instability of a vibrated granular monolayer: We investigate the dynamics of an ensemble of inelastic hard spheres confined\nbetween two horizontal plates separated a distance smaller than twice the\ndiameter of the particles, in such a way that the system is\nquasi-two-dimensional. The bottom wall is vibrating and, therefore, it injects\nenergy into the system in the vertical direction and a stationary state is\nreached. It is found that, if the size of the plates is small enough, the\nstationary state is homogeneous. Otherwise, a cluster of particles is\ndeveloped. The instability is understood by using some effective hydrodynamic\nequations in the horizontal plane. Moreover, the theoretical prediction for the\nsize of the system above which it is unstable agrees very well with Molecular\nDynamics simulation results without any fitting parameter.",
        "positive": "Variational wave functions, ground state and their overlap: An intrinsic measure of the quality of a variational wave function is given\nby its overlap with the ground state of the system. We derive a general formula\nto compute this overlap when quantum dynamics in imaginary time is accessible.\nThe overlap is simply related to the area under the $E(\\tau)$ curve, i.e. the\nenergy as a function of imaginary time. This has important applications to, for\nexample, quantum Monte-Carlo algorithms where the overlap becomes as a simple\nbyproduct of routine simulations. As a result, we find that the practical\ndefinition of a good variational wave function for quantum Monte-Carlo\nsimulations, {\\it i.e.} fast convergence to the ground state, is equivalent to\na good overlap with the actual ground state of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A polydisperse lattice-gas model: We describe a lattice-gas model suitable for studying the generic effects of\npolydispersity on liquid-vapor phase equilibria. Using Monte Carlo simulation\nmethods tailored for the accurate determination of phase behaviour under\nconditions of fixed polydispersity, we trace the cloud and shadow curves for a\nparticular Schulz distribution of the polydisperse attribute. Although\npolydispersity enters the model solely in terms of the strengths of the\ninterparticle interactions, this is sufficient to induce the broad separation\nof cloud and shadow curves seen both in more realistic models and experiments.",
        "positive": "Thermal transport in long-range interacting Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chains: Studies of thermal transport in long-range (LR)interacting systems are\ncurrently particularly challenging. The main difficulties lie in the choice of\nboundary conditions and the definition of heat current when driving systems in\nan out-of-equilibrium state by the usual thermal reservoirs. Here, by employing\na reverse type of thermal baths that can overcome such difficulties, we reveal\nthe intrinsic features of thermal transport underlying a LR interacting\nFermi-Pasta-Ulam chain. We find that under an appropriate range value of LR\nexponent $\\sigma =2$, while a \\emph{nonballistic} power-law length ($L$)\ndivergence of thermal conductivity $\\kappa$, i.e., $\\kappa \\sim L^{\\alpha}$\nstill persists, its scaling exponent $\\alpha \\simeq 0.7$ can be much larger\nthan the usual predictions in short-range interacting systems. The underlying\nmechanism is related to the system's new heat diffusion process, weaker\nnonintegrability and peculiar dynamics of traveling discrete breathers. Our\nresults shed light on searching for low-dimensional materials supporting higher\nthermal conductivity by involving appropriate LR interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The effect of stochastic resettings on the counting of level crossings\n  for inertial random processes: We study the counting of level crossings for inertial random processes\nexposed to stochastic resetting events. We develop the general approach of\nstochastic resetting for inertial processes with sudden changes in the state\ncharacterized by position and velocity. We obtain the level-crossing intensity\nin terms of that of underlying reset-free process, for resetting events with\nPoissonian statistics. We apply this result to the random acceleration process\nand the inertial Brownian motion. In both cases, we show that there is an\noptimal resetting rate that maximizes the crossing intensity, and we obtain the\nasymptotic behavior of the crossing intensity for large and small resetting\nrates. Finally, we discuss the stationary distribution and the mean\nfirst-arrival time in the presence of resetting.",
        "positive": "Stationary entropies after a quench from excited states in the Ising\n  chain: We consider the asymptotic state after a sudden quench of the magnetic field\nin the transverse field quantum Ising chain starting from excited states of the\npre-quench Hamiltonian. We compute the thermodynamic entropies of the\ngeneralised Gibbs and the diagonal ensembles and we find that the generalised\nGibbs entropy is always twice the diagonal one. We show that particular care\nshould be taken in extracting the thermodynamic limit since different averages\nof equivalent microstates give different results for the entropies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical study of the critical behavior of the Ashkin-Teller model at a\n  line defect: We consider the Ashkin-Teller model on the square lattice, which is\nrepresented by two Ising models ($\\sigma$ and $\\tau$) having a four-spin\ncoupling of strength, $\\epsilon$, between them. We introduce an asymmetric\ndefect line in the system along which the couplings in the $\\sigma$ Ising model\nare modified. In the Hamiltonian version of the model we study the scaling\nbehavior of the critical magnetization at the defect, both for $\\sigma$ and for\n$\\tau$ spins by density matrix renormalization. For $\\epsilon>0$ we observe\nidentical scaling for $\\sigma$ and $\\tau$ spins, whereas for $\\epsilon<0$ one\nmodel becomes locally ordered and the other locally disordered. This is\ndifferent of the critical behavior of the uncoupled model ($\\epsilon=0$) and is\nin contradiction with the results of recent field-theoretical calculations.",
        "positive": "Prediction of Protein Secondary Structures From Conformational Biases: We use LINUS, a procedure developed by Srinivasan and Rose, to provide a\nphysical interpretation of and to predict the secondary structures of proteins.\nThe secondary structure type at a given site is identified by the largest\nconformational bias during short time simulations. We examine the rate of\nsuccessful prediction as a function of temperature and the interaction window.\nAt high temperatures, there is a large propensity for the establishment of\n$\\beta$-strands whereas $\\alpha$-helices appear only when the temperature is\nlower than a certain threshold value. It is found that there exists an optimal\ntemperature at which the correct secondary structures are predicted most\naccurately. We find that this temperature is close to the peak temperature of\nthe specific heat. Changing the interaction window or carrying out longer\nsimulations approaching equilibrium lead to little change in the optimal\nsuccess rate. Our findings are in accord with the observation by Srinivasan and\nRose that the secondary structures are mainly determined by local interactions\nand they appear in the early stage of folding."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin-glass-like ordering in a frustrated $J_1-J_2$ Ising antiferromagnet\n  on a honeycomb lattice: We study the nature of a low-temperature phase in the frustrated\nhoneycomb-lattice Ising model with first- and second-neighbor antiferromagnetic\n(AF) interactions, $J_1$ and $J_2$, respectively, for $R = J_2/J_1 > 1/4$. It\nis known that for $R < 1/4$ there is a phase transition at low temperatures to\nthe AF phase. Nevertheless, little is known about the critical behavior of the\nmodel for $R > 1/4$, except for recent effective field results which detected\nno phase transition down to zero temperature. Our Monte Carlo results suggest\nthat for $R > 1/4$ there is at least one peculiar phase transition accompanied\nby a spin-glass-like freezing to a highly degenerate state consisting of frozen\ndomains with stripe-type AF ordering separated by zero-energy domain walls. In\nspite of the local ordering within the respective domains there is no ordering\namong them and thus, unlike in the corresponding square-lattice model with $R >\n1/2$, there is no conventional magnetic long-range ordering spanning the entire\nsystem.",
        "positive": "Affinity-dependent bound on the spectrum of stochastic matrices: Affinity has proven to be a useful tool for quantifying the non-equilibrium\ncharacter of time continuous Markov processes since it serves as a measure for\nthe breaking of time reversal symmetry. It has recently been conjectured that\nthe number of coherent oscillations, which is given by the ratio of imaginary\nand real part of the first non-trivial eigenvalue of the corresponding master\nmatrix, is constrained by the maximum cycle affinity present in the network. In\nthis paper, we conjecture a bound on the whole spectrum of these master\nmatrices that constrains all eigenvalues in a fashion similar to the well known\nPerron-Frobenius theorem that is valid for any stochastic matrix. As in other\nstudies that are based on affinity-dependent bounds, the limiting process that\nsaturates the bound is given by the asymmetric random walk. For unicyclic\nnetworks, we prove that it is not possible to violate the bound by small\nperturbation of the asymmetric random walk and provide numerical evidence for\nits validity in randomly generated networks. The results are extended to\nmulticyclic networks, backed up by numerical evidence provided by networks with\nrandomly constructed topology and transition rates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic Flux Effects in Statistical Magnetism of Electron Gas: The effects of magnetic flux in statistical magnetisms, including Pauli\nparamagnetism, Landau diamagnetism, and De Hass-van Alphen oscillation, are\ndiscussed. It is shown that the diamagnetism could be much increased by the\nfractional magnetic flux, and the amplitude of the magnetic oscillation of De\nHass-van Alphen can be amplified by the quantum effect of the flux.",
        "positive": "Magnetization bound for classical spin models on graphs: In this paper we prove the existence of phase transitions at finite\ntemperature for O(n) classical ferromagnetic spin models on infrared finite\ngraphs. Infrared finite graphs are infinite graphs with $\\lim {m\\to 0^+} {\\bar\nTr (L+m)^{-1} < \\infty$, where $L$ is the Laplacian operator of the graph. The\nferromagnetic couplings are only requested to be bounded by two positive\nconstants. The proof, inspired by the classical result of Fr\\\"ohlich, Simon and\nSpencer on lattices, is given through a rigorous bound on the average\nmagnetization. The result holds for $n\\ge 1$ and it includes as a particular\ncase the Ising model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anisotropic signatures in the spin-boson model: Thermal equilibrium properties of nanoscale systems deviate from standard\nmacroscopic predictions due to a non-negligible coupling to the environment.\nFor anisotropic three-dimensional materials, we derive the mean force\ncorrections to the equilibrium state of a classical spin vector. The result is\nvalid at arbitrary coupling strength. Specifically, we consider cubic,\northorhombic, and monoclinic symmetries, and compare their spin expectation\nvalues as a function of temperature. We underpin the correctness of the mean\nforce state by evidencing its match with the steady state of the simulated\nnon-Markovian spin dynamics. The results show an explicit dependence on the\nsymmetry of the confining material. In addition, some coupling symmetries show\na spin alignment transition at zero temperature. Finally, we quantify the work\nextraction potential of the mean force-generated inhomogeneities in the energy\nshells. Such inhomogeneities constitute a classical equivalent to quantum\ncoherences.",
        "positive": "Renormalization group theory for percolation in time-varying networks: Motivated by multi-hop communication in unreliable wireless networks, we\npresent a percolation theory for time-varying networks. We develop a\nrenormalization group theory for a prototypical network on a regular grid,\nwhere individual links switch stochastically between active and inactive\nstates. The question whether a given source node can communicate with a\ndestination node along paths of active links is equivalent to a percolation\nproblem. Our theory maps the temporal existence of multi-hop paths on an\neffective two-state Markov process. We show analytically how this Markov\nprocess converges towards a memory-less Bernoulli process as the hop distance\nbetween source and destination node increases. Our work extends classical\npercolation theory to the dynamic case and elucidates temporal correlations of\nmessage losses. Quantification of temporal correlations has implications for\nthe design of wireless communication and control protocols, e.g. in\ncyber-physical systems such as self-organized swarms of drones or smart traffic\nnetworks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dielectric Breakdown in a Mott Insulator: Many-body\n  Schwinger-Landau-Zener Mechanism studied with a Generalized Bethe Ansatz: The nonadiabatic quantum tunneling picture, which may be called the many-body\nSchwinger-Landau-Zener mechanism, for the dielectric breakdown of Mott\ninsulators in strong electric fields is studied in the one-dimensional Hubbard\nmodel. The tunneling probability is calculated by a metod due to\nDykhne-Davis-Pechukas with an analytical continuation of the Bethe-ansatz\nsolution for excited states to a non-Hermitian case. A remarkable agreement\nwith the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group result is\nobtained.",
        "positive": "Folding transitions of the square--diagonal two--dimensional lattice: The phase diagram of a vertex model introduced by P. Di Francesco (Nucl.\nPhys. B 525, 507 1998) representing the configurations of a square lattice\nwhich can fold with different bending energies along the main axes and the\ndiagonals has been studied by Cluster Variation Method. A very rich structure\nwith partially and completely folded phases, different disordered phases and a\nflat phase is found. The crumpling transition between a disordered and the flat\nphase is first-order. The CVM results are confimed by the analysis of the\nground states and of the two limits where the model reduces to an Ising model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-distributive algebraic structures derived from nonextensive\n  statistical mechanics: We propose a two-parametric non-distributive algebraic structure that follows\nfrom $(q,q')$-logarithm and $(q,q')$-exponential functions. Properties of\ngeneralized $(q,q')$-operators are analyzed. We also generalize the proposal\ninto a multi-parametric structure (generalization of logarithm and exponential\nfunctions and the corresponding algebraic operators). All $n$-parameter\nexpressions recover $(n-1)$-generalization when the corresponding $q_n\\to1$.\nNonextensive statistical mechanics has been the source of successive\ngeneralizations of entropic forms and mathematical structures, in which this\nwork is a consequence.",
        "positive": "Multiplicative L\u00e9vy processes: It\u00f4 versus Stratonovich\n  interpretation: Langevin equation with a multiplicative stochastic force is considered. That\nforce is uncorrelated, it has the L\\'evy distribution and the power-law\nintensity. The Fokker-Planck equations, which correspond both to the It\\^o and\nStratonovich interpretation of the stochastic integral, are presented. They are\nsolved for the case without drift and for the harmonic oscillator potential.\nThe variance is evaluated; it is always infinite for the It\\^o case whereas for\nthe Stratonovich one it can be finite and rise with time slower that linearly,\nwhich indicates subdiffusion. Analytical results are compared with numerical\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enumeration of self-avoiding walks on the square lattice: We describe a new algorithm for the enumeration of self-avoiding walks on the\nsquare lattice. Using up to 128 processors on a HP Alpha server cluster we have\nenumerated the number of self-avoiding walks on the square lattice to length\n71. Series for the metric properties of mean-square end-to-end distance,\nmean-square radius of gyration and mean-square distance of monomers from the\nend points have been derived to length 59. Analysis of the resulting series\nyields accurate estimates of the critical exponents $\\gamma$ and $\\nu$\nconfirming predictions of their exact values. Likewise we obtain accurate\namplitude estimates yielding precise values for certain universal amplitude\ncombinations. Finally we report on an analysis giving compelling evidence that\nthe leading non-analytic correction-to-scaling exponent $\\Delta_1=3/2$.",
        "positive": "Memoryless nonlinear response: A simple mechanism for the 1/f noise: Discovering the mechanism underlying the ubiquity of $\"1/f^{\\alpha}\"$ noise\nhas been a long--standing problem. The wide range of systems in which the\nfluctuations show the implied long--time correlations suggests the existence of\nsome simple and general mechanism that is independent of the details of any\nspecific system. We argue here that a {\\it memoryless nonlinear response}\nsuffices to explain the observed non--trivial values of $\\alpha$: a random\ninput noisy signal $S(t)$ with a power spectrum varying as $1/f^{\\alpha'}$,\nwhen fed to an element with such a response function $R$ gives an output\n$R(S(t))$ that can have a power spectrum $1/f^{\\alpha}$ with $\\alpha <\n\\alpha'$. As an illustrative example, we show that an input Brownian noise\n($\\alpha'=2$) acting on a device with a sigmoidal response function $R(S)=\n\\sgn(S)|S|^x$, with $x<1$, produces an output with $\\alpha = 3/2 +x$, for $0\n\\leq x \\leq 1/2$. Our discussion is easily extended to more general types of\ninput noise as well as more general response functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalised Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes: We solve a physically significant extension of a classic problem in the\ntheory of diffusion, namely the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process [G. E. Ornstein and\nL. S. Uhlenbeck, Phys. Rev. 36, 823, (1930)]. Our generalised\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck systems include a force which depends upon the position of\nthe particle, as well as upon time. They exhibit anomalous diffusion at short\ntimes, and non-Maxwellian velocity distributions in equilibrium. Two approaches\nare used. Some statistics are obtained from a closed-form expression for the\npropagator of the Fokker-Planck equation for the case where the particle is\ninitially at rest. In the general case we use spectral decomposition of a\nFokker-Planck equation, employing nonlinear creation and annihilation operators\nto generate the spectrum which consists of two staggered ladders.",
        "positive": "Response of a Hexagonal Granular Packing under a Localized External\n  Force: We study the response of a two-dimensional hexagonal packing of rigid,\nfrictionless spherical grains due to a vertically downward point force on a\nsingle grain at the top layer. We use a statistical approach, where each\nconfiguration of the contact forces is equally likely. We show that this\nproblem is equivalent to a correlated $q$-model. We find that the response\ndisplays two peaks which lie precisely on the downward lattice directions\nemanating from the point of application of the force. With increasing depth,\nthe magnitude of the peaks decreases, and a central peak develops. On the\nbottom of the pile, only the middle peak persists. The response of different\nsystem sizes exhibits self-similarity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Resilience of Complex Networks to Random Breakdown: Using Monte Carlo simulations we calculate $f_c$, the fraction of nodes which\nare randomly removed before global connectivity is lost, for networks with\nscale-free and bimodal degree distributions. Our results differ with the\nresults predicted by an equation for $f_c$ proposed by Cohen, et al. We discuss\nthe reasons for this disagreement and clarify the domain for which the proposed\nequation is valid.",
        "positive": "Information and coding discrimination of pseudo-additive entropies (PAE): PAE cannot be made a basis for either a generalized statistical mechanics or\na generalized information theory. Either statistical independence must be\nwaived, or the expression of the averaged conditional probability as the\ndifference between the marginal and joint entropies must be relinquished. The\nsame inequality, relating the PAE to the R\\'enyi entropy, when applied to the\nmean code length produces an expression that it is without bound as the order\nof the code length approaches infinity. Since the mean code length associated\nwith the R\\'enyi entropy is finite and can be made to come as close to the\nHartley entropy as desired in the same limit, the PAE have a more limited range\nof validity than the R\\'enyi entropy which they approximate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Micro-canonical Statistical Mechanics of some Non-Extensive Systems: Non-extensive systems do not allow to go to the thermodynamic limit.\n  Therefore we have to reformulate statistical mechanics without invoking the\nthermodynamical limit. I.e. we have to go back to Pre-Gibbsian times. We show\nthat Boltzmann's mechanical definition of entropy S as function of the\nconserved ``extensive'' variables energy E, particle number N etc. allows to\ndescribe even the most sophisticated cases of phase transitions unambiguously\nfor ``small'' systems like nuclei, atomic clusters, and selfgravitating\nastrophysical systems: The rich topology of the curvature of S(E,N) shows the\nwhole ``Zoo'' of transitions: transitions of 1.order including the surface\ntension at phase-separation, continuous transitions, critical and\nmulti-critical points. The transitions are the ``catastrophes'' of the Laplace\ntransform from the ``extensive'' to the ``intensive'' variables. Moreover, this\nclassification of phase transitions is much more natural than the Yang-Lee\ncriterion.",
        "positive": "On the origin of thermality: It is well-known that a small system weakly coupled to a large energy bath in\na total microcanonical ensemble will find itself in an (approximately) thermal\nstate and, recently, it has been shown that, if the total state is, instead, a\nrandom pure state with energy in a narrow range, then the small system will\nstill be approximately thermal with a high probability (wrt `Haar measure'). We\nask what conditions are required for something resembling these 'traditional'\nand 'modern' thermality results to still hold when system and energy bath are\nof comparable size. In Part 1, we show that, for given system and energy-bath\ndensities of states, s_S(e) and s_B(e), thermality does not hold in general, as\nwe illustrate when both increase as powers of energy, but that it does hold in\ncertain approximate senses, in both traditional and modern frameworks, when\nboth grow as exp(be) or as exp(qe^2) and we calculate the system entropy in\nthese cases. In their 'modern' version, our results rely on new quantities,\nwhich we introduce and call the S and B 'modapprox' density operators, which,\nwe claim, will, with high probability, give a close approximation to the\nreduced density operator for the system and energy bath when the total state of\nsystem plus energy bath is a random pure state with energy in a narrow range.\nIn Part 2 we clarify the meaning of these modapprox density operators and give\narguments for our claim.\n  The prime examples of non-small thermal systems are quantum black holes. Here\nand in two companion papers, we argue that current string-theoretic derivations\nof black hole entropy and thermal properties are incomplete and, on the\nquestion of information loss, inconclusive. However, we argue that these\ndeficiencies are remedied with a modified scenario which relies on the modern\nstrand of our methods and results here and is based on our previous\n'matter-gravity entanglement hypothesis'."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cooling dynamics of a dilute gas of inelastic rods: a many particle\n  simulation: We present results of simulations for a dilute gas of inelastically colliding\nparticles. Collisions are modelled as a stochastic process, which on average\ndecreases the translational energy (cooling), but allows for fluctuations in\nthe transfer of energy to internal vibrations. We show that these fluctuations\nare strong enough to suppress inelastic collapse. This allows us to study large\nsystems for long times in the truely inelastic regime. During the cooling stage\nwe observe complex cluster dynamics, as large clusters of particles form,\ncollide and merge or dissolve. Typical clusters are found to survive long\nenough to establish local equilibrium within a cluster, but not among different\nclusters. We extend the model to include net dissipation of energy by damping\nof the internal vibrations. Inelatic collapse is avoided also in this case but\nin contrast to the conservative system the translational energy decays\naccording to the mean field scaling law, E(t)\\propto t^{-2}, for asymptotically\nlong times.",
        "positive": "Dynamical heterogeneities and the breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein and\n  Stokes-Einstein-Debye relations in simulated water: We study the Stokes-Einstein (SE) and the Stokes-Einstein-Debye (SED)\nrelations using molecular dynamics simulations of the extended simple point\ncharge model of water. We find that both the SE and SED relations break down at\nlow temperature. To explore the relationship between these breakdowns and\ndynamical heterogeneities (DH), we also calculate the SE and SED relations for\nsubsets of the 7% ``fastest'' and 7% ``slowest'' molecules. We find that the SE\nand SED relations break down in both subsets, and that the breakdowns occur on\nall scales of mobility. Thus these breakdowns appear to be generalized\nphenomena, in contrast with the view where only the most mobile molecules are\nthe origin of the breakdown of the SE and SED relations, embedded in an\ninactive background where these relations hold. At low temperature, the SE and\nSED relations in both subsets of molecules are replaced with ``fractional'' SE\nand SED relations, $D_t\\sim(\\tau/T)^{-\\xi_t}$ and $D_r\\sim(\\tau/T)^{-\\xi_r}$\nwhere $\\xi_t\\approx0.84<1$ and $\\xi_r\\approx0.75<1$. We also find that there is\na decoupling between rotational and translational motion, and that this\ndecoupling occurs in both fastest and slowest subsets of molecules. We also\nfind that when the decoupling increases, upon cooling, the probability of a\nmolecule being classified as both translationally and rotationally fastest also\nincreases. To study the effect of time scale for SE and SED breakdown and\ndecoupling, we introduce a time-dependent version of the SE and SED relations,\nand a time-dependent function that measures the extent of decoupling. Our\nresults suggest that both the decoupling and SE and SED breakdowns are\noriginated at the time scale corresponding to the end of the cage regime, when\ndiffusion starts. This is also the time scale when the DH are more relevant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations and correlations in sandpile models: We perform numerical simulations of the sandpile model for non-vanishing\ndriving fields $h$ and dissipation rates $\\epsilon$. Unlike simulations\nperformed in the slow driving limit, the unique time scale present in our\nsystem allows us to measure unambiguously response and correlation functions.\nWe discuss the dynamic scaling of the model and show that\nfluctuation-dissipation relations are not obeyed in this system.",
        "positive": "Exact Statistical Mechanical Investigation of a Finite Model Protein in\n  its environment: A Small System Paradigm: We consider a general incompressible finite model protein of size M in its\nenvironment, which we represent by a semiflexible copolymer consisting of amino\nacid residues classified into only two species (H and P, see text) following\nLau and Dill. We allow various interactions between chemically unbonded\nresidues in a given sequence and the solvent (water), and exactly enumerate the\nnumber of conformations W(E) as a function of the energy E on an infinite\nlattice under two different conditions: (i) we allow conformations that are\nrestricted to be compact (known as Hamilton walk conformations), and (ii) we\nallow unrestricted conformations that can also be non-compact. It is easily\ndemonstrated using plausible arguments that our model does not possess any\nenergy gap even though it is supposed to exhibit a sharp folding transition in\nthe thermodynamic limit. The enumeration allows us to investigate exactly the\neffects of energetics on the native state(s), and the effect of small size on\nprotein thermodynamics and, in particular, on the differences between the\nmicrocanonical and canonical ensembles. We find that the canonical entropy is\nmuch larger than the microcanonical entropy for finite systems. We investigate\nthe property of self-averaging and conclude that small proteins do not\nself-average. We also present results that (i) provide some understanding of\nthe energy landscape, and (ii) shed light on the free energy landscape at\ndifferent temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large Deviations of the Maximum Eigenvalue in Wishart Random Matrices: We compute analytically the probability of large fluctuations to the left of\nthe mean of the largest eigenvalue in the Wishart (Laguerre) ensemble of\npositive definite random matrices. We show that the probability that all the\neigenvalues of a (N x N) Wishart matrix W=X^T X (where X is a rectangular M x N\nmatrix with independent Gaussian entries) are smaller than the mean value\n<\\lambda>=N/c decreases for large N as $\\sim \\exp[-\\frac{\\beta}{2}N^2\n\\Phi_{-}(\\frac{2}{\\sqrt{c}}+1;c)]$, where \\beta=1,2 correspond respectively to\nreal and complex Wishart matrices, c=N/M < 1 and \\Phi_{-}(x;c) is a large\ndeviation function that we compute explicitly. The result for the Anti-Wishart\ncase (M < N) simply follows by exchanging M and N. We also analytically\ndetermine the average spectral density of an ensemble of constrained Wishart\nmatrices whose eigenvalues are forced to be smaller than a fixed barrier. The\nnumerical simulations are in excellent agreement with the analytical\npredictions.",
        "positive": "Analysis of Transition Path Ensemble in the Exactly Solvable Models via\n  Overdamped Langevin Equation: Transition of a system between two states is an important but difficult\nproblem in natural science. In this article we study the transition problem in\nthe framework of transition path ensemble. Using the overdamped Langevin\nmethod, we introduce the path integral formulation of the transition\nprobability and obtain the equation for the minimum action path in the\ntransition path space. For the effective sampling in the transition path\nensemble, we derive a conditional overdamped Langevin equation. In two exactly\nsolvable models, the free particle system and the harmonic system, we present\nthe expression of the conditional probability density and the explicit\nsolutions for the conditional Langevin equation and the minimum action path.\nThe analytic results demonstrate the consistence of the conditional Langevin\nequation with the desired probability distribution in the transition. It is\nconfirmed that the conditional Langevin equation is an effective tool to sample\nthe transition path ensemble, and the minimum action principle actually leads\nto the most probable path."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random nanowire networks: Identification of a current-carrying subset of\n  wires using a modified wall follower algorithm: We mimic random nanowire networks by the homogeneous, isotropic, and random\ndeposition of conductive zero-width sticks onto an insulating substrate. The\nnumber density (the number of objects per unit area of the surface) of these\nsticks is supposed to exceed the percolation threshold, i.e., the system under\nconsideration is a conductor. To identify any current-carrying part (the\nbackbone) of the percolation cluster, we have proposed and implemented a\nmodification of the well-known wall follower algorithm -- one type of maze\nsolving algorithm. The advantage of the modified algorithm is its\nidentification of the whole backbone without visiting all the edges. The\ncomplexity of the algorithm depends significantly on the structure of the graph\nand varies from $O\\left(\\sqrt{N_\\text{V}}\\right)$ to $\\Theta(N_\\text{V})$. The\nalgorithm has been applied to backbone identification in networks with\ndifferent number densities of conducting sticks. We have found that (i) for\nnumber densities of sticks above the percolation threshold, the strength of the\npercolation cluster quickly approaches unity as the number density of the\nsticks increases; (ii) simultaneously, the percolation cluster becomes\nidentical to its backbone plus simplest dead ends, i.e., edges that are\nincident to vertices of degree 1. This behavior is consistent with the\npresented analytical evaluations.",
        "positive": "Phase ordering kinetics of second-phase formation near an edge\n  dislocation: The time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equation for a single component\nnon-conservative structural order parameter is used to study the\nspatio-temporal evolution of a second phase in the vicinity of an edge\ndislocation in an elastic crystalline solid. A symmetric Landau potential of\nsixth-order is employed. Dislocation field and elasticity modify the\nsecond-order and fourth-order coefficients of the Landau polynomial,\nrespectively, where the former makes the coefficient singular at the origin.\nThe TDGL equation is solved numerically using a finite volume method, where a\nwide range of parameter sets is explored. Computations are made for\ntemperatures both above and below the transition temperature of a defect-free\ncrystal Tc0. In both cases, the effects of the elastic properties of the solid\nand the strength of interaction between the order parameter and the elastic\ndisplacement field are examined. If the system is quenched below Tc0, steady\nstate is first reached on the compressive side of the dislocation. On the\ntensile side, the growth is held back. The effect of thermal noise term in the\nTDGL equation is studied. We find that if the dislocation is introduced above\nTc0, thermal noise supports the nucleation of the second phase, and steady\nstate will be attained earlier than if the thermal noise were absent. For a\ndislocation-free solid, we have compared our numerical computations for a\nmean-field (spatially averaged) order parameter versus time with the late time\ngrowth of the ensemble-averaged order parameter, calculated analytically, and\nfind that both results follow late time logistic curves."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Differential Entropy on Statistical Spaces: We show that the previously introduced concept of distance on statistical\nspaces leads to a straightforward definition of differential entropy on these\nstatistical spaces. These spaces are characterized by the fact that their\npoints can only be localized within a certain volume and exhibit thus a feature\nof fuzziness. This implies that Riemann integrability of relevant integrals is\nno longer secured. Some discussion on the specialization of this formalism to\nquantum states concludes the paper.",
        "positive": "Assortative mixing by degree makes a network more unstable: We investigate the role of degree correlation among nodes on the stability of\ncomplex networks, by studying spectral properties of randomly weighted matrices\nconstructed from directed Erd\\\"{o}s-R\\'enyi and scale-free random graph models.\nWe focus on the behaviour of the largest real part of the eigenvalues,\n$\\lambda_\\text{max}$, that governs the growth rate of perturbations about an\nequilibrium (and hence, determines stability). We find that assortative mixing\nby degree, where nodes with many links connect preferentially to other nodes\nwith many links, reduces the stability of networks. In particular, for sparse\nscale-free networks with $N$ nodes, $\\lambda_\\text{max}$ scales as $N^\\alpha$\nfor highly assortative networks, while for disassortative graphs,\n$\\lambda_\\text{max}$ scales logarithmically with $N$. This difference may be a\npossible reason for the prevalence of disassortative networks in nature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Powerful ordered collective heat engines: We introduce a class of stochastic engines in which the regime of units\noperating synchronously can boost the performance. Our approach encompasses a\nminimal setup composed of $N$ interacting units placed in contact with two\nthermal baths and subjected to a constant driving worksource. The interplay\nbetween unit synchronization and interaction leads to an efficiency at maximum\npower between the Carnot, $\\eta_{c}$, and the Curzon-Ahlborn bound,\n$\\eta_{CA}$. Moreover, these limits can be respectively saturated maximizing\nthe efficiency, and by simultaneous optimization of power and efficiency. We\nshow that the interplay between Ising-like interactions and a collective\nordered regime is crucial to operate as a heat engine. The main system features\nare investigated by means of a linear analysis near equilibrium, and developing\nan effective discrete-state model that captures the effects of the synchronous\nphase. The present framework paves the way for the building of promising\nnonequilibrium thermal machines based on ordered structures.",
        "positive": "Enhanced Sampling in the Well-Tempered Ensemble: We introduce the well-tempered ensemble (WTE) which is the biased ensemble\nsampled by well-tempered metadynamics when the energy is used as collective\nvariable. WTE can be designed so as to have approximately the same average\nenergy as the canonical ensemble but much larger fluctuations. These two\nproperties lead to an extremely fast exploration of phase space. An even\ngreater efficiency is obtained when WTE is combined with parallel tempering.\nUnbiased Boltzmann averages are computed on the fly by a recently developed\nreweighting method [M. Bonomi et al. J. Comput. Chem. 30, 1615 (2009)]. We\napply WTE and its parallel tempering variant to the 2d Ising model and to a\nGo-model of HIV protease, demonstrating in these two representative cases that\nconvergence is accelerated by orders of magnitude."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Does the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis Imply Thermalization?: Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is discussed. We show that one\ncommon formulation of ETH does not necessarily imply thermalization of an\nobservable of isolated many body quantum system. To get thermalization one has\nto postulate the canonical or microcanonical distribution in the ETH-ansatz.\nMore generally, any other average can be postulated in the generalized\nETH-ansatz which leads to a corresponding equilibration condition.",
        "positive": "Self-overlap as a method of analysis in Ising models: The damage spreading method (DS) provided a useful tool to obtain analytical\nresults of the thermodynamics and stability of the 2D Ising model --amongst\nmany others--, but it suffered both from ambiguities in its results and from\nlarge computational costs. In this paper we propose an alternative method, the\nso called self-overlap method, based on the study of correlation functions\nmeasured at subsequent time steps as the system evolves towards its\nequilibrium. Applying markovian and mean field approximations to a 2D Ising\nsystem we obtain both analytical and numerical results on the thermodynamics\nthat agree with the expected behavior. We also provide some analytical results\non the stability of the system. Since only a single replica of the system needs\nto be studied, this method would seem to be free from the ambiguities that\nafflicted DS. It also seems to be numerically more efficient and analytically\nsimpler."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature driven $\u03b1$ to $\u03b2$ phase-transformation in Ti, Zr\n  and Hf from first principles theory combined with lattice dynamics: Lattice dynamical methods used to predict phase transformations in crystals\ntypically deal with harmonic phonon spectra and are therefore not applicable in\nimportant situations where one of the competing crystal structures is unstable\nin the harmonic approximation, such as the bcc structure involved in the hcp to\nbcc martensitic phase transformation in Ti, Zr and Hf. Here we present an\nexpression for the free energy that does not suffer from such shortcomings, and\nwe show by self consistent {\\it ab initio} lattice dynamical calculations\n(SCAILD), that the critical temperature for the hcp to bcc phase transformation\nin Ti, Zr and Hf, can be effectively calculated from the free energy difference\nbetween the two phases. This opens up the possibility to study quantitatively,\nfrom first principles theory, temperature induced phase transitions.",
        "positive": "Measuring glass entropies with population annealing: We combine population annealing Monte Carlo and several thermodynamic\nintegration techniques to measure equilibrium vibrational and configurational\nentropies in the metastable fluid regime beyond the dynamic glass transition.\nWe obtain results for a three-dimensional binary mixture hard sphere system.\nOur results suggest that the configurational entropy vanishes before the\nequilibrium pressure diverges, which implies that an underlying thermodynamic\nglass transition exists for this system. The computational methods are general\nand can be applied to a variety of glass forming systems but are restricted to\nsmall system sizes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical slowing down and fading away of the piston effect in porous\n  media: We investigate the critical speeding up of heat equilibration by the piston\neffect (PE) in a nearly supercritical van der Waals (vdW) fluid confined in a\nhomogeneous porous medium. We perform an asymptotic analysis of the averaged\nlinearized mass, momentum and energy equations to describe the response of the\nmedium to a boundary heat flux. While nearing the critical point (CP), we find\ntwo universal crossovers depending on porosity, intrinsic permeability and\nviscosity. Closer to the CP than the first crossover, a pressure gradient\nappears in the bulk due to viscous effects, the PE characteristic time scale\nstops decreasing and tends to a constant. In infinitly long samples the\ntemperature penetration depth is larger than the diffusion one indicating that\nthe PE in porous media is not a finite size effect as it is in pure fluids.\nCloser to the CP, a second cross over appears which is characterized by a\npressure gradient in the thermal boundary layer (BL). Beyond this second\ncrossover, the PE time remains constant, the expansion of the fluid in the BL\ndrops down and the PE ultimately fades away.",
        "positive": "Solving the Fokker-Planck kinetic equation on a lattice: We propose a discrete lattice version of the Fokker-Planck kinetic equation\nalong lines similar to the Lattice-Boltzmann scheme. Our work extends an\nearlier one-dimensional formulation to arbitrary spatial dimension $D$. A\ngeneralized Hermite-Gauss procedure is used to construct a discretized kinetic\nequation and a Chapman-Enskog expansion is applied to adapt the scheme so as to\ncorrectly reproduce the macroscopic continuum equations. The stability of the\nalgorithm with respect to the finite time-step $\\Delta t$ is characterized by\nthe eigenvalues of the collision matrix. A heuristic second-order algorithm in\n$\\Delta t$ is applied to investigate the time evolution of the distribution\nfunction of simple model systems, and compared to known analytical solutions.\nPreliminary investigations of sedimenting Brownian particles subjected to an\northogonal centrifugal force illustrate the numerical efficiency of the\nLattice-Fokker-Planck algorithm to simulate non-trivial situations.\nInteractions between Brownian particles may be accounted for by adding a\nstandard BGK collision operator to the discretized Fokker-Planck kernel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometry-induced non-equilibrium phase transition in sandpiles: We study the sandpile model on three-dimensional spanning Ising clusters with\nthe temperature $T$ treated as the control parameter. By analyzing the three\ndimensional avalanches and their two-dimensional projections (which show\nscale-invariant behavior for all temperatures), we uncover two universality\nclasses with different exponents (an ordinary BTW class, and SOC$_{T=\\infty}$),\nalong with a tricritical point (at $T_c$, the critical temperature of the host)\nbetween them. The transition between these two criticalities is induced by the\ntransition in the support. The SOC$_{T=\\infty}$ universality class is\ncharacterized by the exponent of the avalanche size distribution\n$\\tau^{T=\\infty}=1.27\\pm 0.03$, consistent with the exponent of the size\ndistribution of the Barkhausen avalanches in amorphous ferromagnets (Phys. Rev.\nL 84, 4705 (2000)). The tricritical point is characterized by its own critical\nexponents. In addition to the avalanche exponents, some other quantities like\nthe average height, the spanning avalanche probability (SAP) and the average\ncoordination number of the Ising clusters change significantly the behavior at\nthis point, and also exhibit power-law behavior in terms of $\\epsilon\\equiv\n\\frac{T-T_c}{T_c}$, defining further critical exponents. Importantly the finite\nsize analysis for the activity (number of topplings) per site shows the scaling\nbehavior with exponents $\\beta=0.19\\pm 0.02$ and $\\nu=0.75\\pm 0.05$. A similar\nbehavior is also seen for the SAP and the average avalanche height. The fractal\ndimension of the external perimeter of the two-dimensional projections of\navalanches is shown to be robust against $T$ with the numerical value\n$D_f=1.25\\pm 0.01$.",
        "positive": "Gas in external fields: the weird case of the logarithmic trap: The effects of an attractive logarithmic potential $u_0\\ln(r/r_0)$ on a gas\nof $N$ non interacting particles (Bosons or Fermions), in a box of volume\n$V_D$, are studied in $D=2,3$ dimensions. The unconventional behavior of the\ngas challenges the current notions of thermodynamic limit and size\nindependence. When $V_D$ and $N$ diverge, with finite density $N/V_D<\\infty$\nand finite trap strength $u_0>0$, the gas collapses in the ground state,\nindependently from the bosonic/fermionic nature of the particles, at \\emph{any}\ntemperature. If, instead, $N/V_D\\rightarrow0$, there exists a critical\ntemperature $T_c$, such that the gas remains in the ground state at any\n$T<T_c$, and \"evaporates\" above, in a non-equilibrium state of borderless\ndiffusion. For the gas to exhibit a conventional Bose-Einstein condensation\n(BEC) or a finite Fermi level, the strength $u_0$ must vanish with\n$V_D\\rightarrow\\infty$, according to a complicated exponential relationship, as\na consequence of the exponentially increasing density of states, specific of\nthe logarithmic trap."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Clearing out a maze: The hungry random walker and its anomalous\n  diffusion: We study chemotaxis in a porous medium using as a model a biased (\"hungry\")\nrandom walk on a percolating cluster. In close resemblance to the 1980s arcade\ngame Pac-Man, the hungry random walker consumes food, which is initially\ndistributed in the maze, and biases its movement towards food-filled sites. We\nobserve that, on the percolating cluster, the mean-squared displacement of the\npacman process shows anomalous dynamics, which follow a power law with a\ndynamical exponent different from both that of a self avoiding random walk as\nwell as that of an unbiased random walk. The change in dynamics with the\npropensity to move towards food is well described by a dynamical exponent that\ndepends continuously on this propensity, and results in slower differential\ngrowth when compared to the unbiased random walk.",
        "positive": "Directed transport driven by L\u00e9vy flights coexisting with\n  subdiffusion: Transport of the Brownian particles driven by L\\'evy flights coexisting with\nsubdiffusion in asymmetric periodic potentials is investigated in the absence\nof any external driving forces. Using the Langevin-type dynamics with\nsubordination techniques, we obtain the group velocity which can measure the\ntransport. It is found that the group velocity increases monotonically with the\nsubdiffusive index and there exists an optimal value of the L\\'evy index at\nwhich the group velocity takes its maximal value. There is a threshold value of\nthe subdiffusive index below which the ratchet effects will disappear. The\nnonthermal character of the L\\'evy flights and the asymmetry of the potential\nare necessary to obtain the directed transport. Some peculiar phenomena induced\nby the competition between L\\'evy flights and subdiffusion are also observed.\nThe pseudonormal diffusion will appear on the level of the median."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bosonic reaction-diffusion processes on scale-free networks: Reaction-diffusion processes can be adopted to model a large number of\ndynamics on complex networks, such as transport processes or epidemic\noutbreaks. In most cases, however, they have been studied from a fermionic\nperspective, in which each vertex can be occupied by at most one particle.\nWhile still useful, this approach suffers from some drawbacks, the most\nimportant probably being the difficulty to implement reactions involving more\nthan two particles simultaneously. Here we introduce a general framework for\nthe study of bosonic reaction-diffusion processes on complex networks, in which\nthere is no restriction on the number of interacting particles that a vertex\ncan host. We describe these processes theoretically by means of continuous time\nheterogeneous mean-field theory and divide them into two main classes: steady\nstate and monotonously decaying processes. We analyze specific examples of both\nbehaviors within the class of one-species process, comparing the results\n(whenever possible) with the corresponding fermionic counterparts. We find that\nthe time evolution and critical properties of the particle density are\nindependent of the fermionic or bosonic nature of the process, while\ndifferences exist in the functional form of the density of occupied vertices in\na given degree class k. We implement a continuous time Monte Carlo algorithm,\nwell suited for general bosonic simulations, which allow us to confirm the\nanalytical predictions formulated within mean-field theory. Our results, both\nat the theoretical and numerical level, can be easily generalized to tackle\nmore complex, multi-species, reaction-diffusion processes, and open a promising\npath for a general study and classification of this kind of dynamical systems\non complex networks.",
        "positive": "Scattering length of Andreev reflection from quantized vortices in\n  $^3$He-$B$: Andreev reflection of thermal quasiparticles from quantized vortices is an\nimportant technique to visualize quantum turbulence in low temperature\n$^3$He-$B$. We revisit a problem of Andreev reflection from the isolated,\nrectilinear vortex line. For quasiparticle excitations whose impact parameters,\ndefined as distances of the closest approach to the vortex core, do not exceed\nsome arbitrary value, $b$, we calculate exactly the reflected fraction of the\ntotal flux of excitations incident upon the vortex in the direction orthogonal\nto the vortex line. We then define and calculate exactly, as a function of $b$,\nthe scattering length, that is the scattering cross-section per unit length of\nthe vortex line. We also define and calculate the scattering lengths for the\nflux of energy carried by thermal excitations, and for the net energy flux\nresulting from a (small) temperature gradient, and analyze the dependence of\nthese scattering lengths on temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Three-boson problem near a narrow Feshbach resonance: We consider a three-boson system with resonant binary interactions and show\nthat three-body observables depend only on the resonance width and the\nscattering length. The effect of narrow resonances is qualitatively different\nfrom that of wide resonances revealing novel physics of three-body collisions.\nWe calculate the rate of three-body recombination to a weakly bound level and\nthe atom-dimer scattering length and discuss implications for experiments on\nBose-Einstein condensates and atom-molecule mixtures near Feshbach resonances.",
        "positive": "Self-avoiding polygons on the square lattice: We have developed an improved algorithm that allows us to enumerate the\nnumber of self-avoiding polygons on the square lattice to perimeter length 90.\nAnalysis of the resulting series yields very accurate estimates of the\nconnective constant $\\mu =2.63815852927(1)$ (biased) and the critical exponent\n$\\alpha = 0.5000005(10)$ (unbiased). The critical point is indistinguishable\nfrom a root of the polynomial $581x^4 + 7x^2 - 13 =0.$ An asymptotic expansion\nfor the coefficients is given for all $n.$ There is strong evidence for the\nabsence of any non-analytic correction-to-scaling exponent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "About One Interesting and Important Model in Quantum Mechanics II.\n  Thermodynamic Description: In this paper the detailed investigation of one of the most interesting\nmodels in the non relativistic quantum mechanics of one massive particle i.e.,\nintroduced by G. Poeschl and E. Teller in 1933 is continued; the starting point\nof dynamic analysis for potentials, wave functions and energy spectrum was\ncarried on by the same authors in the paper. The generalization of these\nresults on the case of nonzero temperature includes the approximate calculation\nof the partition function of the model and then also the Massieu Planck\nthermodynamic potential and its most important derivatives, i.e. internal\nenergy, heat capacity and pressure. The analysis of the results is carried on\nseparately for low and high temperature regions because of the lack of exact\nunifying expressions of the potential at all temperatures.",
        "positive": "Non-monotonic residual entropy in diluted spin ice: a comparison between\n  Monte Carlo simulations of diluted dipolar spin ice models and experimental\n  results: Spin ice materials, such as Dy2Ti2O7 and Ho2Ti2O7, have been the subject of\nmuch interest for over the past fifteen years. Their low temperature strongly\ncorrelated state can be mapped onto the proton disordered state of common water\nice and, consequently, spin ices display the same low temperature residual\nPauling entropy as water ice. Interestingly, it was found in a previous study\n[X. Ke {\\it et. al.} Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 99}, 137203 (2007)] that, upon\ndilution of the magnetic rare-earth ions (Dy^{3+} and Ho^{3+}) by non-magnetic\nYttrium (Y^{3+}) ions, the residual entropy depends {\\it non-monotonically} on\nthe concentration of Y^{3+} ions. In the present work, we report results from\nMonte Carlo simulations of site-diluted microscopic dipolar spin ice models\n(DSIM) that account quantitatively for the experimental specific heat\nmeasurements, and thus also for the residual entropy, as a function of\ndilution, for both Dy2Ti2O7 and Ho2Ti2O7. The main features of the dilution\nphysics displayed by the magnetic specific heat data are quantitatively\ncaptured by the diluted DSIM up to, and including, 85% of the magnetic ions\ndiluted (x=1.7). The previously reported departures in the residual entropy\nbetween Dy2Ti2O7 versus Ho2Ti2O7, as well as with a site-dilution variant of\nPauling's approximation, are thus rationalized through the site-diluted DSIM.\nFor 90% (x=1.8) and 95% (x=1.9) of the magnetic ions diluted, we find a\nsignificant discrepancy between the experimental and Monte Carlo specific heat\nresults. We discuss some possible reasons for this disagreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Square lattice site percolation thresholds for complex neighbourhoods: In this paper we compute the square lattice random sites percolation\nthresholds in case when sites from the 4th and the 5th coordination shells are\nincluded for neighbourhood. The obtained results support earlier claims, that\n(a) the coordination number and the space dimension are insufficient for\nbuilding universal formulae for percolation thresholds and (b) that percolation\nthreshold may not decrease monotonically with lattice site coordination number.",
        "positive": "Transport on weighted Networks: when correlations are independent of\n  degree: Most real-world networks are weighted graphs with the weight of the edges\nreflecting the relative importance of the connections. In this work, we study\nnon degree dependent correlations between edge weights, generalizing thus the\ncorrelations beyond the degree dependent case. We propose a simple method to\nintroduce weight-weight correlations in topologically uncorrelated graphs. This\nallows us to test different measures to discriminate between the different\ncorrelation types and to quantify their intensity. We also discuss here the\neffect of weight correlations on the transport properties of the networks,\nshowing that positive correlations dramatically improve transport. Finally, we\ngive two examples of real-world networks (social and transport graphs) in which\nweight-weight correlations are present."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Probability of Occurrence of Clusters in Abelian Sandpile Model: We have performed extensive simulations on the Abelian Sandpile Model (ASM)\non square lattice. We have estimated the probability of observation of many\nclusters. Some are in good agreement with previous analytical results, while\nsome show discrepancies between simulation and analytical results.",
        "positive": "How to train your demon to do fast information erasure without heat\n  production: Time-dependent protocols that perform irreversible logical operations, such\nas memory erasure, cost work and produce heat, placing bounds on the efficiency\nof computers. Here we use a prototypical computer model of a physical memory to\nshow that it is possible to learn feedback-control protocols to do fast memory\nerasure without input of work or production of heat. These protocols, which are\nenacted by a neural-network ``demon'', do not violate the second law of\nthermodynamics because the demon generates more heat than the memory absorbs.\nThe result is a form of nonlocal heat exchange in which one computation is\nrendered energetically favorable while a compensating one produces heat\nelsewhere, a tactic that could be used to rationally design the flow of energy\nwithin a computer."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ageing in the contact process: Scaling behavior and universal features: We investigate some aspects of the ageing behavior observed in the contact\nprocess after a quench from its active phase to the critical point. In\nparticular we discuss the scaling properties of the two-time response function\nand we calculate it and its universal ratio to the two-time correlation\nfunction up to first order in the field-theoretical epsilon-expansion. The\nscaling form of the response function does not fit the prediction of the theory\nof local scale invariance. Our findings are in good qualitative agreement with\nrecent numerical results.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic properties of the one-dimensional Ising model with\n  magnetoelastic interaction: The Ising one-dimensional (1D) chain with spin $S=1/2$ and magnetoelastic\ninteractions is studied with the lattice contribution included in the form of\nelastic interaction and thermal vibrations simultaneously taken into account.\nThe magnetic energy term and the elastic (static) energy term based on the\nMorse potential are calculated exactly. The vibrational energy is calculated in\nthe Debye approximation, in which the anharmonicity is introduced by the\nGr{\\\"u}neisen parameter. The total Gibbs potential, including both the magnetic\nfield, as well as the external force term, is constructed and from its minimum\nthe equation of state is derived.\n  From the Gibbs energy all the thermodynamic properties are calculated in a\nself-consistent manner. The comprehensive numerical calculations are performed\nin a full temperature range, i.e., from zero temperature up to the vicinity of\nmelting. In particular, a role of magneto-elastic coupling is emphasized and\nexamined. The numerical results are illustrated in figures and discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum hypernetted chain approximation for one dimensional fermionic\n  systems: In this comprehensible article we develop, following Fantoni and Rosati\nformalism, a hypernetted chain approximation for one dimensional systems of\nfermions. Our scheme differs from previous treatments in the form that the\nwhole set of diagrams is grouped: we do it in terms of non-nodal, non-composite\nand elementary graphs. This choice makes the deduction of equations more\ntransparent. Equations for the pair distribution functions of one component\nsystems as well as binary mixtures are obtained. We apply they to\nexperimentally realizable quasi-one dimensional systems, the so called quantum\nwires which we model, within Sommerfeld-Pauli spirit, as a 1D electron gas or\nas an electron-hole mixture. In order to use our one-dimensional equations we\nconsider pair potentials that depend on the wires width.",
        "positive": "Exact partition function zeros and the collapse transition of a\n  two-dimensional lattice polymer: We study the collapse transition of the lattice homopolymer on a square\nlattice by calculating the exact partition function zeros. The exact partition\nfunction is obtained by enumerating the number of possible conformations for\neach energy value, and the exact distributions of the partition function zeros\nare found in the complex temperature plane by solving a polynomial equation. We\nobserve that the locus of zeros closes in on the positive real axis as the\nchain length increases, providing the evidence for the onset of the collapse\ntransition. By analyzing the scaling behavior of the first zero with the\npolymer length, we estimate the transition temperature and the crossover\nexponent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Perturbation method to model enamel caries progress: We develop a theoretical model of the carious lesion progress caused by acids\ndiffusing into the tooth enamel from the dental plaque. The acids react with\nstatic hydroxyapatite, which leads to demineralization of the enamel, and\nconsequently to the development of the carious lesion. The model utilizes the\ndiffusion-reaction equations with one static and one mobile reactant where the\nreaction term is proportional to the product of concentrations of acids and of\nmineral. The changes of concentrations are calculated approximately by means of\na perturbation method. The analytical approximate solutions are compared with\nthe numerical ones and experimental data.",
        "positive": "Manifestly covariant classical correlation dynamics II. Transport\n  equations and Hakim equilibrium conjecture: This is the second of a series of papers on the special relativistic\nclassical statistical mechanics. Employing the general theory developed in the\nfirst paper we rigorously derive the relativistic Vlasov, Landau and Boltzmann\nequation. The latter two advocate the J{\\\"u}ttner distribution as the\nequilibrium distribution. We thus, at the full microscopic level, provide a\nsupport for the recent numerical finding [D. Cubero {\\it et. al.}, Phys. Rev.\nLett. \\textbf{99}, 170601 (2007)] of the special relativistic generalization of\nthe Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Furthermore, the present theory allows us\nto rigorously calculate various correlation functions at the relativistic\nmany-body equilibrium. Therefore, the relativistic many-body equilibrium\nconjecture of Hakim is justified."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensate fluctuations in the dilute Bose gas: The fluctuations of a number of particles in the Bose-Einstein condensate are\nstudied in the grand canonical ensemble with an effective single-mode\nHamiltonian, which is derived from an assumption that the mode corresponding to\nthe Bose-Einstein condensate does not asymptotically correlate with other\nmodes. The fluctuations are evaluated in the dilute limit with a proposed\nsimple method, which is beyond the mean-field approximation. The accuracy of\nthe latter is estimated; it is shown that the mean-field scheme does not work\nfor the single-mode Hamiltonian, while for the Hartree Hamiltonian it allows us\nto estimate the condensate fluctuations up to a numerical factor. As a\nhypothesis, a formula is proposed that relates the fluctuations in the\ncanonical ensemble with that of the grand canonical one.",
        "positive": "Irrelevant Interactions without Composite Operators - A Remark on the\n  Universality of Second Order Phase Transitions: We study the critical behaviour of symmetric $\\phi^4_4$ theory including\nirrelevant terms of the form $\\phi^{4+2n}/\\Lambda_0^{2n}$ in the bare action,\nwhere $\\Lambda_0$ is the UV cutoff (corresponding e.g. to the inverse lattice\nspacing for a spin system). The main technical tool is renormalization theory\nbased on the flow equations of the renormalization group which permits to\nestablish the required convergence statements in generality and rigour. As a\nconsequence the effect of irrelevant terms on the critical behaviour may be\nstudied to any order without using renormalization theory for composite\noperators. This is a technical simplification and seems preferable from the\nphysical point of view. In this short note we restrict for simplicity to the\nsymmetry class of the Ising model, i.e. one component $\\phi^4_4$ theory. The\nmethod is general, however."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unified Hierarchical Relationship Between Thermodynamic Tradeoff\n  Relations: Recent years have witnessed a surge of discoveries in the studies of\nthermodynamic inequalities: the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) and\nthe entropic bound (EB) provide a lower bound on the entropy production (EP) in\nterms of nonequilibrium currents; the classical speed limit (CSL) expresses the\nlower bound on the EP using the geometry of probability distributions; the\npower-efficiency (PE) tradeoff dictates the maximum power achievable for a heat\nengine given the level of its thermal efficiency. In this study, we show that\nthere exists a unified hierarchical structure encompassing all of these bounds,\nwith the fundamental inequality given by a novel extension of the TUR (XTUR)\nthat incorporates the most general range of current-like and state-dependent\nobservables. By selecting more specific observables, the TUR and the EB follow\nfrom the XTUR, and the CSL and the PE tradeoff follow from the EB. Our\nderivations cover both Langevin and Markov jump systems, with the first proof\nof the EB for the Markov jump systems and a more generalized form of the CSL.\nWe also present concrete examples of the EB for the Markov jump systems and the\ngeneralized CSL.",
        "positive": "Universal edge scaling in random partitions: We establish the universal edge scaling limit of random partitions with the\ninfinite-parameter distribution called the Schur measure. We explore the\nasymptotic behavior of the wave function, which is a building block of the\ncorresponding kernel, based on the Schr{\\\"o}dinger-type differential equation.\nWe show that the wave function is in general asymptotic to the Airy function\nand its higher-order analogs in the edge scaling limit. We construct the\ncorresponding higher-order Airy kernel and the Tracy-Widom distribution from\nthe wave function in the scalins limit, and discuss its implication to the\nmulticritical phase transition in the large size matrix model. We also discuss\nthe limit shape of random partitions through the semi-classical analysis of the\nwave function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Magnetic Eden Model: In the magnetic Eden model (MEM), particles have a spin and grow in contact\nwith a thermal bath. Although Ising-like interactions affect the growth\ndynamics, deposited spins are frozen and not allowed to flip. This review\narticle focuses on recent developments and future prospects, such as\nspontaneous switching phenomena, critical behavior associated with fractal,\nwetting, and order-disorder phase transitions, the equilibrium/nonequilibrium\ncorrespondence conjecture, as well as dynamical and critical features of the\nMEM defined on complex network substrates.",
        "positive": "Improving Wang-Landau sampling with adaptive windows: Wang-Landau sampling (WLS) of large systems requires dividing the energy\nrange into \"windows\" and joining the results of simulations in each window. The\nresulting density of states (and associated thermodynamic functions) are shown\nto suffer from boundary effects in simulations of lattice polymers and the\nfive-state Potts model. Here, we implement WLS using adaptive windows. Instead\nof defining fixed energy windows (or windows in the energy-magnetization plane\nfor the Potts model), the boundary positions depend on the set of energy values\non which the histogram is flat at a given stage of the simulation. Shifting the\nwindows each time the modification factor f is reduced, we eliminate border\neffects that arise in simulations using fixed windows. Adaptive windows extend\nsignificantly the range of system sizes that may be studied reliably using WLS."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Monte Carlo study of a one-dimensional phase-fluctuating\n  condensate: We study numerically the low temperature behavior of a one-dimensional Bose\ngas trapped in an optical lattice. For a sufficient number of particles and\nweak repulsive interactions, we find a clear regime of temperatures where\ndensity fluctuations are negligible but phase fluctuations are considerable,\ni.e., a quasicondensate. In the weakly interacting limit, our results are in\nvery good agreement with those obtained using a mean-field approximation. In\ncoupling regimes beyond the validity of mean-field approaches, a\nphase-fluctuating condensate also appears, but the phase-correlation properties\nare qualitatively different. It is shown that quantum depletion plays an\nimportant role.",
        "positive": "Generic nonequilibrium steady states in an exclusion process on an\n  inhomogeneous ring: We consider a one-dimensional totally asymmetric exclusion process on a ring\nwith extended inhomogeneities, consisting of several segments with different\nhopping rates. Depending upon the underlying inhomogeneity configurations and\nfor moderate densities, our model displays both localised (LDW) and delocalised\n(DDW) domain walls and delocalisation transitions of LDWs in the steady states.\nOur results allow us to construct the possible steady state density profiles\nfor an arbitrary number of segments with unequal hopping rates. We explore the\nscaling properties of the fluctuations of LDWs and DDWs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Preserving Correlations Between Trajectories for Efficient Path Sampling: Importance sampling of trajectories has proved a uniquely successful strategy\nfor exploring rare dynamical behaviors of complex systems in an unbiased way.\nCarrying out this sampling, however, requires an ability to propose changes to\ndynamical pathways that are substantial, yet sufficiently modest to obtain\nreasonable acceptance rates. Satisfying this requirement becomes very\nchallenging in the case of long trajectories, due to the characteristic\ndivergences of chaotic dynamics. Here we examine schemes for addressing this\nproblem, which engineer correlation between a trial trajectory and its\nreference path, for instance using artificial forces. Our analysis is\nfacilitated by a modern perspective on Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling,\ninspired by non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, which clarifies the types of\nsampling strategies that can scale to long trajectories. Viewed in this light,\nthe most promising such strategy guides a trial trajectory by manipulating the\nsequence of random numbers that advance its stochastic time evolution, as done\nin a handful of existing methods. In cases where this \"noise guidance\"\nsynchronizes trajectories effectively, as the Glauber dynamics of a\ntwo-dimensional Ising model, we show that efficient path sampling can be\nachieved even for very long trajectories.",
        "positive": "Unsteady ballistic heat transport in infinite harmonic crystals: We study thermal processes in infinite harmonic crystals having a unit cell\nwith arbitrary number of particles. Initially particles have zero displacements\nand random velocities, corresponding to some initial temperature profile. Our\nmain goal is to calculate spatial distribution of kinetic temperatures,\ncorresponding to degrees of freedom of the unit cell, at any moment in time. An\napproximate expression for the temperatures is derived from solution of lattice\ndynamics equations. It is shown that the temperatures are represented as a sum\nof two terms. The first term describes high-frequency oscillations of the\ntemperatures caused by local transition to thermal equilibrium at short times.\nThe second term describes slow changes of the temperature profile caused by\nballistic heat transport. It is shown, in particular, that local values of\ntemperatures, corresponding to degrees of freedom of the unit cell, are\ngenerally different even if their initial values are equal. Analytical findings\nare supported by results of numerical solution of lattice dynamics equations\nfor diatomic chain and graphene lattice. Presented theory may serve for\ndescription of unsteady ballistic heat transport in real crystals with low\nconcentration of defects. In particular, solution of the problem with\nsinusoidal temperature profile can be used for proper interpretation of\nexperimental data obtained by the transient thermal grating technique.\n  Keywords: ballistic heat transport; heat transfer; harmonic crystal; harmonic\napproximation; polyatomic crystal lattice; complex lattice; kinetic\ntemperature; transient processes; temperature matrix; unsteady heat transport."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear Integral Equations and high temperature expansion for the\n  $U_{q}(\\hat{sl}(r+1|s+1))$ Perk-Schultz Model: We propose a system of nonlinear integral equations (NLIE) which gives the\nfree energy of the $U_{q}(widehat{sl}(r+1|s+1))$ Perk-Schultz model. In\ncontrast with traditional thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations, our NLIE\ncontain only r+s+1 unknown functions. In deriving the NLIE, the quantum\n(supersymmetric) Jacobi-Trudi and Giambelli formula and a duality for an\nauxiliary function play important roles. By using our NLIE, we also calculate\nthe high temperature expansion of the free energy. General formulae of the\ncoefficients with respect to arbitrarily rank r+s+1, chemical potentials\n$\\{\\mu_{a}\\}$ and q have been written down in terms of characters up to the\norder of 5. In particular for specific values of the parameters, we have\ncalculated the high temperature expansion of the specific heat up to the order\nof 40.",
        "positive": "Ultracold Fermion Cooling Cycle using Heteronuclear Feshbach Resonances: We consider an ideal gas of Bose and Fermi atoms in a harmonic trap, with a\nFeshbach resonance in the interspecies atomic scattering that can lead to\nformation of fermionic molecules. We map out the phase diagram for this\nthree-component mixture in chemical and thermal equilibrium. Considering\nadiabatic association and dissociation of the molecules, we identify a possible\ncooling cycle, which in ideal circumstances can yield an exponential increase\nof the phase-space density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations and first-passage properties of systems of Brownian\n  particles with reset: We study stationary fluctuations in two models involving $N$ Brownian\nparticles undergoing stochastic resetting to the origin in 1d. We start with\nthe basic reset model where the particles reset independently (model A). Then\nwe introduce nonlocal interparticle correlations by postulating that only the\nparticle farthest from the origin is reset (model B). At long times both models\napproach nonequilibrium steady states. In the limit of $N\\to \\infty$, the\nsteady-state particle density in model A has an infinite support, whereas in\nmodel B it has a compact support. A finite system radius, which scales at large\n$N$ as $\\ln N$, appears in model A when $N$ is finite. In both models we study\nstationary fluctuations of the center of mass of the system and of the system's\nradius due to the random character of the Brownian motion and of the resetting\nevents. In model A we determine exact distributions of these two quantities.\nThe variance of the center of mass for both models scales as $1/N$. The\nvariance of the radius is independent of $N$ in model A and exhibits an unusual\nscaling $(\\ln N)/N$ in model B. The latter scaling is intimately related to the\n$1/f$ noise in the radius autocorrelations. Finally, we evaluate the mean\nfirst-passage time (MFPT) to a distant target in model A, model B, and the BBM.\nFor model A we obtain an exact asymptotic expression for the MFPT which scales\nas $1/N$. For model B, and for the \"Brownian bees\" model, we propose a sharp\nupper bound for the MFPT. The bound assumes an ``evaporation\" scenario, where\nthe first passage requires multiple attempts of a single particle, which breaks\naway from the rest of the particles, to reach the target. The resulting MFPT\nfor model B and the Brownian bees model scales exponentially with $\\sqrt{N}$.\nWe verify this bound by performing highly efficient weighted-ensemble\nsimulations of the first passage in model B.",
        "positive": "Attainability of maximum work and the reversible efficiency from\n  minimally nonlinear irreversible heat engines: We use the general formulation of irreversible thermodynamics and study the\nminimally nonlinear irreversible model of heat engines operating between a\ntime-varying hot heat source of finite size and a cold heat reservoir of\ninfinite size. We find the criterion in which the optimized efficiency obtained\nby this minimally nonlinear irreversible heat engine can reach the reversible\nefficiency under the tight coupling condition: a condition of no heat leakage\nbetween the system and the reservoirs. We assume the rate of heat transfer from\nhot to cold heat reservoir obeys Fourier law and discuss physical conditions\nunder which one can obtain the reversible efficiency in a finite time with\nfinite power. We also calculate the efficiency at maximum power from the\nminimally nonlinear irreversible heat engine under the non-tight coupling\ncondition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The arrow of time (second law) as a randomness-driven emergent property\n  of large systems: The arrow of time is an irreversible phenomenon for a system of particles\nundergoing reversible dynamics. Since the time of Boltzmann to this day, the\narrow of time has led to debate and research. However, the enormous growth of\nnanotechnology and associated experimental techniques has brought the arrow of\ntime at the forefront because of its practical implications. Using simulations\nof one-dimensional diffusion of a system of particles, we show that the arrow\nof time is an emergent property of a large system. We show that the recurrence\ntime for a system of particles to return to its original configuration grows\nrapidly as the number of particles grows. Based on the simulations, we have\nprovided the expressions for recurrence times for classical particles,\nFermions, and Bosons. A system of Bosons has the shortest recurrence time,\nwhereas a system of classical particles has the longest recurrence time. The\nunderlying distribution around the mean recurrence time is Poisson-distributed\nfor Bosons and Gaussian-distributed for Fermions and classical particles. The\nprobabilistic approach to encode dynamics enables testing processes other than\ndiffusion and quantify their effects on the recurrence time.",
        "positive": "Szilard engine revisited; information from time forward and backward\n  process: We derive the work performed in the Szilard engine (SZE) by using dissipative\nwork formula of non-equilibrium thermodynamics developed in Kawai et al. Phys.\nRev. Lett. 98, 080602 (2007). The work is described as the difference of\nprobability distributions of measurement outcomes of the time forward and the\nbackward process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Example of a possible interpretation of Tsallis entropy: We demonstrate and discuss the process of gaining information and show an\nexample in which some specific way of gaining information about an object\nresults in the Tsallis form of entropy rather than in the Shannon one.",
        "positive": "Entanglement negativity in the harmonic chain out of equilibrium: We study the entanglement in a chain of harmonic oscillators driven out of\nequilibrium by preparing the two sides of the system at different temperatures,\nand subsequently joining them together. The steady state is constructed\nexplicitly and the logarithmic negativity is calculated between two adjacent\nsegments of the chain. We find that, for low temperatures, the steady-state\nentanglement is a sum of contributions pertaining to left- and right-moving\nexcitations emitted from the two reservoirs. In turn, the steady-state\nentanglement is a simple average of the Gibbs-state values and thus its scaling\ncan be obtained from conformal field theory. A similar averaging behaviour is\nobserved during the entire time evolution. As a particular case, we also\ndiscuss a local quench where both sides of the chain are initialized in their\nrespective ground states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Observation of resonance condensation of fermionic atom pairs: We have observed condensation of fermionic atom pairs in the BCS-BEC\ncrossover regime. A trapped gas of fermionic 40K atoms is evaporatively cooled\nto quantum degeneracy and then a magnetic-field Feshbach resonance is used to\ncontrol the atom-atom interactions. The location of this resonance is precisely\ndetermined from low-density measurements of molecule dissociation. In order to\nsearch for condensation on either side of the resonance we introduce a\ntechnique that pairwise projects fermionic atoms onto molecules; this enables\nus to measure the momentum distribution of fermionic atom pairs. The transition\nto condensation of fermionic atom pairs is mapped out as a function of the\ninitial atom gas temperature T compared to the Fermi temperature TF for\nmagnetic-field detunings on both the BCS and BEC sides of the resonance.",
        "positive": "Lattice model for cold and warm swelling of polymers in water: We define a lattice model for the interaction of a polymer with water. We\nsolve the model in a suitable approximation. In the case of a non-polar\nhomopolymer, for reasonable values of the parameters, the polymer is found in a\nnon-compact conformation at low temperature; as the temperature grows, there is\na sharp transition towards a compact state, then, at higher temperatures, the\npolymer swells again. This behaviour closely reminds that of proteins, that are\nunfolded at both low and high temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady state thermodynamics in population dynamics: We report that population dynamics in fluctuating environment accompanies\nmathematically equivalent structure to steady state thermodynamics. By\nemploying the structure, population growth in fluctuating environment is\ndecomposed into housekeeping and excess parts. The housekeeping part represents\nthe integral of stationary growth rate for each condition during a history of\nthe environmental change. The excess part accounts for the excess growth\ngenerated when environment is switched. Focusing on the excess growth, we\nobtain Clausius inequality, which gives the upper bound of the excess growth.\nThe equality is shown to be achieved in quasistatic environmental changes. We\nalso clarify that this bound can be evaluated by \"lineage fitness\" that is an\nexperimentally observable quantity.",
        "positive": "Universality of active and passive phase separation in a lattice model: The motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) is the spontaneous aggregation\nof active particles, while equilibrium phase separation (EPS) is\nthermodynamically driven by attractive interactions between passive particles.\nDespite such difference in the microscopic mechanism, similarities between MIPS\nand EPS like free energy structure and critical phenomena have been discussed.\nHere we introduce and analyze a 2D lattice gas model that undergoes both MIPS\nand EPS by tuning activity and interaction parameters. Based on simulations and\nmean-field theory, we find that the MIPS and EPS critical points are connected\nthrough a line of nonequilibrium critical points. According to the size scaling\nof physical quantities and time evolution of the domain size, both the static\nand dynamical critical exponents seem consistent with the 2D spin-exchange\nIsing universality over the whole critical line. The results suggest that\nactivity effectively enhances attractive interactions between particles and\nleaves intact the critical properties of phase separation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Realistic many-body quantum systems vs full random matrices: static and\n  dynamical properties: We study the static and dynamical properties of isolated many-body quantum\nsystems and compare them with the results for full random matrices. In doing\nso, we link concepts from quantum information theory with those from quantum\nchaos. In particular, we relate the von Neumann entanglement entropy with the\nShannon information entropy and discuss their relevance for the analysis of the\ndegree of complexity of the eigenstates, the behavior of the system at\ndifferent time scales and the conditions for thermalization. A main advantage\nof full random matrices is that they enable the derivation of analytical\nexpressions that agree extremely well with the numerics and provide bounds for\nrealistic many-body quantum systems.",
        "positive": "Optimal resetting strategies for search processes in heterogeneous\n  environments: In many physical situations, there appears the problem of reaching a single\ntarget that is spatially distributed. Here we analyse how stochastic resetting,\nalso spatially distributed, can be used to improve the search process when the\ntarget location is quenched, i.e. it does not evolve in time. More\nspecifically, we consider a model with minimal but sufficient ingredients that\nallows us to derive analytical results for the relevant physical quantities,\nsuch as the first passage time distribution. We focus on the minimisation of\nthe mean first passage time and its fluctuations (standard deviation), which\nproves to be non-trivial. Our analysis shows that the no-disorder case is\nsingular: for small disorder, the resetting rate distribution that minimises\nthe mean first passage time leads to diverging fluctuations -- which impinge on\nthe practicality of this minimisation. Interestingly, this issue is healed by\nminimising the fluctuations: the associated resetting rate distribution gives\nfirst passage times that are very close to the optimal ones."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gumbel Central Limit Theorem for Max-Min and Min-Max: The Max-Min and Min-Max of matrices arise prevalently in science and\nengineering. However, in many real-world situations the computation of the\nMax-Min and Min-Max is challenging as matrices are large and full information\nabout their entries is lacking. Here we take a statistical-physics approach and\nestablish limit-laws -- akin to the Central Limit Theorem -- for the Max-Min\nand Min-Max of large random matrices. The limit-laws intertwine random-matrix\ntheory and extreme-value theory, couple the matrix-dimensions geometrically,\nand assert that Gumbel statistics emerge irrespective of the matrix-entries'\ndistribution. Due to their generality and universality, as well as their\npracticality, these novel results are expected to have a host of applications\nin the physical sciences and beyond.",
        "positive": "Critical behaviour of the dilute O(n), Izergin-Korepin and dilute $A_L$\n  face models: Bulk properties: The analytic, nonlinear integral equation approach is used to calculate the\nfinite-size corrections to the transfer matrix eigen-spectra of the critical\ndilute O(n) model on the square periodic lattice. The resulting bulk conformal\nweights extend previous exact results obtained in the honeycomb limit and\ninclude the negative spectral parameter regimes. The results give the operator\ncontent of the 19-vertex Izergin-Korepin model along with the conformal weights\nof the dilute $A_L$ face models in all four regimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The spectral boundary of the Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (ASEP)\n  -- free fermions, Bethe ansatz and random matrix theory: In non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, the Asymmetric Simple Exclusion\nProcess (ASEP) serves as a paradigmatic example. We investigate the spectral\ncharacteristics of the ASEP, focusing on the spectral boundary of its generator\nmatrix. We examine finite ASEP chains of length $L$, under periodic (pbc) and\nopen boundary conditions (obc). Notably, the spectral boundary exhibits $L$\nspikes for pbc and $L+1$ spikes for obc. Treating the ASEP generator as an\ninteracting non-Hermitian fermionic model, we extend the model to have tunable\ninteraction. In the non-interacting case, the analytically computed many-body\nspectrum shows a spectral boundary with prominent spikes. For pbc, we use the\ncoordinate Bethe ansatz to interpolate between the noninteracting case to the\nASEP limit, and show that these spikes stem from clustering of Bethe roots. The\nrobustness of the spikes in the spectral boundary is demonstrated by linking\nthe ASEP generator to random matrices with trace correlations or, equivalently,\nrandom graphs with distinct cycle structures, both displaying similar spiked\nspectral boundaries.",
        "positive": "Force-induced desorption of uniform branched polymers: We analyze the phase diagrams of self-avoiding walk models of uniform\nbranched polymers adsorbed at a surface and subject to an externally applied\nvertical pulling force which, at critical values, desorbs the polymer. In\nparticular, models of adsorbed branched polymers with homeomorphism types\nstars, tadpoles, dumbbells and combs are examined. These models generalize\nearlier results on linear, ring and $3$-star polymers. In the case of star\npolymers we confirm a phase diagram with four phases (a free, an adsorbed, a\nballistic, and a mixed phase) first seen in the paper by Janse van Rensburg EJ\nand Whittington SG 2018 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 51 204001 for $3$-star\npolymers. The phase diagram of tadpoles may include four phases (including a\nmixed phase) if the tadpole is pulled from the adsorbing surface by the end\nvertex of its tail. If it is instead pulled from the middle vertex of its head,\nthen there are only three phases (the mixed phase is absent). For a dumbbell\npulled from the middle vertex of a ring, there are only three phases. For combs\nwith $t$ teeth there are four phases, independent of the value of $t$ for all\n$t \\ge 1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Mechanics in Collective Coordinates: We study the transformation of the statistical mechanics of N particles to\nthe statistical mechanics of fields, that are the collective coordinates,\ndescribing the system. We give an explicit expression for the functional\nFourier transform of the Jacobian of the transformation from particle to\ncollective coordinate and derive the Fokker-Planck equation in terms of the\ncollective coordinates. Simple approximations, leading to Debye-Huckel theory\nand to the hard sphere Percus-Yevick equation are discussed.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of a Vortex in a Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensate: We consider a large condensate in a rotating anisotropic harmonic trap. Using\nthe method of matched asymptotic expansions, we derive the velocity of an\nelement of vortex line as a function of the local gradient of the trap\npotential, the line curvature and the angular velocity of the trap rotation.\nThis velocity yields small-amplitude normal modes of the vortex for 2D and 3D\ncondensates. For an axisymmetric trap, the motion of the vortex line is a\nsuperposition of plane-polarized standing-wave modes. In a 2D condensate, the\nplanar normal modes are degenerate, and their superposition can result in\nhelical traveling waves, which differs from a 3D condensate. Including the\neffects of trap rotation allows us to find the angular velocity that makes the\nvortex locally stable. For a cigar-shape condensate, the vortex curvature makes\na significant contribution to the frequency of the lowest unstable normal mode;\nfurthermore, additional modes with negative frequencies appear. As a result, it\nis considerably more difficult to stabilize a central vortex in a cigar-shape\ncondensate than in a disc-shape one. Normal modes with imaginary frequencies\ncan occur for a nonaxisymmetric condensate (in both 2D and 3D). In connection\nwith recent JILA experiments, we consider the motion of a straight vortex line\nin a slightly nonspherical condensate. The vortex line changes its orientation\nin space at the rate proportional to the degree of trap anisotropy and can\nexhibit periodic recurrences."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation-enhanced Stability of Microscopic Cyclic Heat Engines: For cyclic heat engines operating in a finite cycle period, thermodynamic\nquantities have intercycle and intracycle correlations. By tuning the driving\nprotocol appropriately, we can get the negative intercycle correlation to\nreduce the fluctuation of work through multiple cycles, which leads to the\nenhanced stability compared to the single-cycle operation. Taking the Otto\nengine with an overdamped Brownian particle as a working substance, we identify\na scenario to get such enhanced stability by the intercycle correlation.\nFurthermore, we demonstrate that the enhancement can be readily realized in the\ncurrent experiments for a wide range of protocols. By tuning the parameters\nwithin the experimentally achievable range, the uncertainty of work can be\nreduced to below $\\sim 50 \\%$.",
        "positive": "The Oslo model, hyperuniformity, and the quenched Edwards-Wilkinson\n  model: We present simulations of the 1-dimensional Oslo rice pile model in which the\ncritical height at each site is randomly reset after each toppling. We use the\nfact that the stationary state of this sandpile model is hyperuniform to reach\nsystem of sizes $> 10^7$. Most previous simulations were seriously flawed by\nimportant finite size corrections. We find that all critical exponents have\nvalues consistent with simple rationals: $\\nu=4/3$ for the correlation length\nexponent, $D =9/4$ for the fractal dimension of avalanche clusters, and $z=10/7\n$ for the dynamical exponent. In addition we relate the hyperuniformity\nexponent to the correlation length exponent $\\nu$. Finally we discuss the\nrelationship with the quenched Edwards-Wilkinson (qEW) model, where we find in\nparticular that the local roughness exponent is $\\alpha_{\\rm loc} = 1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rotational symmetry breaking potential for two-dimensional magnets: Here we present a new perspective to the breakdown of ferromagnetic order in\ntwo-dimensional spin-lattice models employing the rotation of the underlying\nlattice. Using an Ising spin system on a square lattice as a prototype, we\ndemonstrate that an additional low-symmetry interaction may lead to the absence\nof the truly long-range order and forms aperiodic structure, such as magnetic\nstripes. Employing annealing and entropic Monte Carlo simulations, we show that\nour model allows tuning between different phases, magnetically ordered as well\nas more exotic nonmagnetic phases such as Ising-nematic by changing only one\ncontrol parameter, which is responsible for the arising of magnetic\nfrustration. In addition, our methodology of considering the coupling between\nthe magnetic structure and the host material can be extended to the study of\nany type of spin-exchange model in two dimensions and has many potential\ninteresting ramifications and applications.",
        "positive": "Field theories of active particle systems and their entropy production: Active particles that translate chemical energy into self-propulsion can\nmaintain a far-from-equilibrium steady state and perform work. The entropy\nproduction measures how far from equilibrium such a particle system operates\nand serves as a proxy for the work performed. Field theory offers a promising\nroute to calculating entropy production, as it allows for many interacting\nparticles to be considered simultaneously. Approximate field theories obtained\nby coarse-graining or smoothing that draw on additive noise can capture\ndensities and correlations well, but they generally ignore the microscopic\nparticle nature of the constituents, thereby producing spurious results for the\nentropy production. As an alternative we demonstrate how to use Doi-Peliti\nfield theories, which capture the microscopic dynamics, including reactions and\ninteractions with external and pair potentials. Such field theories are in\nprinciple exact, while offering a systematic approximation scheme, in the form\nof diagrammatics. We demonstrate how to construct them from a Fokker-Planck\nequation (FPE) of the single-particle dynamics and show how to calculate\nentropy production of active matter from first principles. This framework is\neasily extended to include interaction. We use it to derive exact, compact and\nefficient general expressions for the entropy production for a vast range of\ninteracting particle systems. These expressions are independent of the\nunderlying field theory and can be interpreted as the spatial average of the\nlocal entropy production. They are readily applicable to numerical and\nexperimental data. In general, any pair interaction draws at most on the three\npoint, equal time density and an n-point interaction on the (2n-1)-point\ndensity. We illustrate the technique in a number of exact, tractable examples,\nincluding some with pair-interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Features of incommensurate phases in crystals TlGaSe2 and TlInS2: The theory of a sequence of phase transitions of\nhigh-symmetry-incommensurate-commensurate phase controlled by competing order\nparameters is investigated. The temperature dependence of dielectric constant\nis derived. The comparison of the obtained results with experimental data for\nlayered crystals is discussed.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation dissipation theorem and electrical noise revisited: The fluctuation dissipation theorem (FDT) is the basis for a microscopic\ndescription of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter.By\nassuming the electromagnetic radiation in thermal equilibrium and the\ninteraction in the linear response regime, the theorem interrelates the\nspontaneous fluctuations of microscopic variables with the kinetic coefficients\nthat are responsible for energy dissipation.In the quantum form provided by\nCallen and Welton in their pioneer paper of 1951 for the case of conductors,\nelectrical noise detected at the terminals of a conductor was given in terms of\nthe spectral density of voltage fluctuations, $S_V({\\omega})$, and was related\nto the real part of its impedance, $Re[Z({\\omega})]$, by a simple relation.The\ndrawbacks of this relation concern with: (I) the appearance of a zero point\ncontribution which implies a divergence of the spectrum at increasing\nfrequencies; (ii) the lack of detailing the appropriate equivalent-circuit of\nthe impedance, (iii) the neglect of the Casimir effect associated with the\nquantum interaction between zero-point energy and boundaries of the considered\nphysical system; (iv) the lack of identification of the microscopic noise\nsources beyond the temperature model. These drawbacks do not allow to validate\nthe relation with experiments. By revisiting the FDT within a brief historical\nsurvey, we shed new light on the existing drawbacks by providing further\nproperties of the theorem, focusing on the electrical noise of a two-terminal\nsample under equilibrium conditions. Accordingly, we will discuss the duality\nand reciprocity properties of the theorem, its applications to the ballistic\ntransport regime, to the case of vacuum and to the case of a photon gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shift of BEC Temperature of Homogenous Weakly Interacting Bose Gas: We report on the computation of the shift of the Bose-Einstein condensation\ntemperature for a homogenous weakly interacting Bose gas in leading order in\nthe diluteness parameter a n^(1/3), where `a' is the scattering length and `n'\nis the particle density. The perturbative series, which is afflicted by\ninfrared divergences, is resummed by means of variational perturbation theory.\nUsing coefficients through seven loops, we arrive at Delta T_c/T_c = 1.27 +/-\n0.11 a n^(1/3), which compares favorably with recent Monte-Carlo data.",
        "positive": "On the absence of the glass transition in two dimensional hard disks: In this paper we study the glass transition in a model of identical hard\nspheres, focusing on the two dimensional case. In the mean-field limit the\nmodel exhibits an ideal glass transition of the same nature of that found in\ndiscontinuous spin glasses. Nevertheless, a systematic expansion around the\nmean-field solution seems to indicate that the glass transitions is smeared out\nin two dimensions, in agreement with some recent results. Our investigation\ncould be generalized to higher spatial dimensions, providing a way to determine\nthe lower critical dimensionality of the mean-field ideal glass picture."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization of R{\u00f6}ssler Oscillators on Scale-free Topologies: We study the synchronization of R{\\\"o}ssler oscillators as prototype of\nchaotic systems, when they are coupled on scale-free complex networks. We find\nthat the underlying topology crucially affects the global synchronization\nproperties. Especially, we show that the existence of loops facilitates the\nsynchronizability of the system, whereas R\\\"ossler oscillators do not\nsynchronize on tree-like topologies beyond a certain size. By considering\nCayley trees, modified by various shortcuts, we find that also the distribution\nof shortest path lengths between two oscillators plays an important role for\nthe global synchronization.",
        "positive": "The ordinary surface universality class of the three-dimensional O($N$)\n  model: We study the critical behavior at the ordinary surface universality class of\nthe three-dimensional O($N$) model, bounded by a two-dimensional surface. Using\nhigh-precision Monte Carlo simulations of an improved lattice model, where the\nleading bulk scaling correction is suppressed, and finite-size scaling analysis\nof the fourth cumulant of the surface magnetization, we obtain precise\nestimates of the scaling dimension of the surface field operator for $N=2,3,4$.\nWe also determine the fixed-point values of two renormalization-group invariant\nobservables, which characterize the finite-size scaling behavior at the\nordinary transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How to Win Friends and Influence Functionals: Deducing Stochasticity\n  From Deterministic Dynamics: The longstanding question of how stochastic behaviour arises from\ndeterministic Hamiltonian dynamics is of great importance, and any truly\nholistic theory must be capable of describing this transition. In this review,\nwe introduce the influence functional formalism in both the quantum and\nclassical regimes. Using this technique, we demonstrate how irreversible\nbehaviour arises generically from the reduced microscopic dynamics of a\nsystem-environment amalgam. The influence functional is then used to rigorously\nderive stochastic equations of motion from a microscopic Hamiltonian. In this\nmethod stochastic terms are not identified heuristically, but instead arise\nfrom an exact mapping only available in the path-integral formalism. The\ninterpretability of the individual stochastic trajectories arising from the\nmapping is also discussed. As a consequence of these results, we are also able\nto show that the proper classical limit of stochastic quantum dynamics\ncorresponds non-trivially to a generalised Langevin equation derived with the\nclassical influence functional. This provides a further unifying link between\nopen quantum systems and their classical equivalent, highlighting the utility\nof influence functionals and their potential as a tool in both fundamental and\napplied research.",
        "positive": "Current operators in integrable models: A review: We consider the current operators of one dimensional integrable models. These\noperators describe the flow of the conserved charges of the models, and they\nplay a central role in Generalized Hydrodynamics. We present the key statements\nabout the mean currents in finite volume and in the thermodynamic limit, and we\nreview the various proofs of the exact formulas. We also present a few new\nresults in this review. New contributions include a computation of the currents\nof the Heisenberg spin chains using the string hypothesis, and simplified\nformulas in the thermodynamic limit. We also discuss implications of our\nresults for the asymptotic behaviour of dynamical correlation functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantized Laplacian growth, I: Statistical theory of Laplacian growth: We regularize the Laplacian growth problem with zero surface tension by\nintroducing a short-distance cutoff $\\hbar$, so that the change of the area of\ndomains is quantized and equals an integer multiple of the area quanta $\\hbar$.\nThe domain can be then considered as an aggregate of tiny particles (area\nquanta) obeying the Pauli exclusion principle. The statistical theory of\nLaplacian growth is introduced by using Laughlin's description of the integer\nquantum Hall effect. The semiclassical evolution of the aggregate is similar to\nclassical deterministic Laplacian growth. However, the quantization procedure\ngenerates inevitable fluctuations at the edge of the droplet. The statistical\nproperties of the edge fluctuations are universal and common to that of quantum\nchaotic systems, which are generally described by Dyson's circular ensembles on\nsymmetric unitary matrices.",
        "positive": "Negative autocorrelations of disorder strongly suppress thermally\n  activated particle motion in short-correlated quenched Gaussian disorder\n  potentials: We evaluate the mean escape time of overdamped particles over potential\nbarriers in short-correlated quenched Gaussian disorder potentials in one\ndimension at low temperature. The thermally activated escape is very sensitive\nto the form of the \\emph{tail} of the potential barrier probability\ndistribution. We evaluate this tail by using the optimal fluctuation method.\nFor monotone decreasing autocovariances we reproduce the tail obtained by\nLopatin and Vinokur (2001). However, for nonmonotonic autocovariances of the\ndisorder potential we show that the tail changes. It is much higher when the\ndisorder potential exhibits negative autocorrelations, and it is much lower\nwhen the autocovariance is nonmonotonic but everywhere positive. This leads to\nan \\emph{exponential} increase or decrease, respectively, of the mean escape\ntime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Annihilation of single-species charged particles based on the Dyson gas\n  dynamics: We analyze the annihilation of equally-charged particles based on the\nBrownian motion model built by F. Dyson for $N$ particles with charge $q$\ninteracting via the log-Coulomb potential on the unitary circle at a reduced\ninverse temperature $\\beta$, defined as $\\beta=q^2/(k_B T)$. We derive an\nanalytical approach in order to describe the large-$t$ asymptotic behaviour for\nthe number density decay, which can be described as a power law, i.e., $n\\sim\nt^{-\\nu}$. For a sufficiently large $\\beta$, the power law exponent $\\nu$\nbehaves as $(\\beta +1)^{-1}$, which was corroborated through several\ncomputational simulations. For small $\\beta$, in the diffusive regime, we\nrecover the exponent of 1/2 as predicted by single-species uncharged\nannihilation.",
        "positive": "Coexistence of ballistic and Fourier regimes in the $\u03b2$-FPUT lattice: Commonly, thermal transport properties of one-dimensional systems are found\nto be anomalous. Here, we perform a numerical and theoretical study of the\n$\\beta$-FPUT chain, considered a prototypical model for one-dimensional\nanharmonic crystals, in contact with thermostats at different temperatures. We\ngive evidence that, in steady state conditions, the {\\it local} wave energy\nspectrum can be naturally split into modes that are essentially ballistic\n(non-interacting or scarcely interacting) and kinetic modes (interacting enough\nto relax to local thermodynamic equilibrium). We show numerically that the\nwell-known divergence of the energy conductivity is related to how the\ntransition region between these two sets of modes shifts in $k$-space with the\nsystem size $L$, due to properties of the collision integral of the system.\nMoreover, we show that the kinetic modes are responsible for a macroscopic\nbehavior compatible with Fourier's law. Our work sheds light on the\nlong-standing problem of the applicability of standard thermodynamics in\none-dimensional nonlinear chains, testbed for understanding the thermal\nproperties of nanotubes and nanowires."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probing local relaxation of cold atoms in optical superlattices: In the study of relaxation processes in coherent non-equilibrium dynamics of\nquenched quantum systems, ultracold atoms in optical superlattices with\nperiodicity two provide a very fruitful test ground. In this work, we consider\nthe dynamics of a particular, experimentally accessible initial state prepared\nin a superlattice structure evolving under a Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian in the\nentire range of interaction strengths, further investigating the issues raised\nin Ref. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 063001 (2008)]. We investigate the relaxation\ndynamics analytically in the non interacting and hard core bosonic limits,\nderiving explicit expressions for the dynamics of certain correlation\nfunctions, and numerically for finite interaction strengths using the\ntime-dependent density-matrix renormalization (t-DMRG) approach. We can\nidentify signatures of local relaxation that can be accessed experimentally\nwith present technology. While the global system preserves the information\nabout the initial condition, locally the system relaxes to the state having\nmaximum entropy respecting the constraints of the initial condition. For finite\ninteraction strengths and finite times, the relaxation dynamics contains\nsignatures of the relaxation dynamics of both the non-interacting and hard core\nbosonic limits.",
        "positive": "Velocity and diffusion coefficient of $A+A\\leftrightarrow A$ reaction\n  fronts in one dimension: We study front propagation in the reversible reaction-diffusion system A + A\n<-> A on a 1-d lattice. Extending the idea of leading particle in studying the\nmotion of the front we write a master equation in the stochastically moving\nframe attached to this particle. This approach provides a systematic way to\nimprove on estimates of front speed obtained earlier. We also find that the\nleading particle performs a correlated random walk and this correlation needs\nto be taken into account to get correct value of the front diffusion\ncoefficient."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free energy reconstruction from steered dynamics without post-processing: Various methods achieving importance sampling in ensembles of nonequilibrium\ntrajectories enable to estimate free energy differences and, by\nmaximum-likelihood post-processing, to reconstruct free energy landscapes.\nHere, based on Bayes theorem, we propose a more direct method in which a\nposterior likelihood function is used both to construct the steered dynamics\nand to infer the contribution to equilibrium of all the sampled states. The\nmethod is implemented with two steering schedules. First, using non-autonomous\nsteering, we calculate the migration barrier of the vacancy in Fe-alpha.\nSecond, using an autonomous scheduling related to metadynamics and equivalent\nto temperature-accelerated molecular dynamics, we accurately reconstruct the\ntwo-dimensional free energy landscape of the 38-atom Lennard-Jones cluster as a\nfunction of an orientational bond-order parameter and energy, down to the\nsolid-solid structural transition temperature of the cluster and without\nmaximum-likelihood post-processing.",
        "positive": "The asymptotic speed of reaction fronts in active reaction-diffusion\n  systems: We study various combinations of active diffusion with branching, as an\nextension of standard reaction-diffusion processes. We concentrate on the\nselection of the asymptotic wavefront speed for thermal run-and-tumble and for\nthermal active Brownian processes in general spatial dimensions. Comparing 1D\nactive branching processes with a passive counterpart (which has the same\neffective diffusion constant and reproduction rate), we find that the active\nprocess has a smaller propagation speed. In higher dimensions, a similar\ncomparison yields the opposite conclusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic phase transition features of the cylindrical nanowire driven by\n  a propagating magnetic field: Magnetic response of the spin-$1/2$ cylindrical nanowire to the propagating\nmagnetic field wave has been investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulation\nmethod based on Metropolis algorithm. The obtained microscopic spin\nconfigurations suggest that the studied system exhibits two types of dynamical\nphases depending on the considered values of system parameters: Coherent\npropagation of spin bands and spin-frozen or pinned phases, as in the case of\nthe conventional bulk systems under the influence of a propagating magnetic\nfield. By benefiting from the temperature dependencies of variances of dynamic\norder parameter, internal energy and the derivative of dynamic order parameter\nof the system, dynamic phase diagrams are also obtained in related planes for\nvarying values of the wavelength of the propagating magnetic field. Our\nsimulation results demonstrate that as the strength of the field amplitude is\nincreased, the phase transition points tend to shift to the relatively lower\ntemperature regions. Moreover, it has been observed that dynamic phase boundary\nline shrinks inward when the value of wavelength of the external field\ndecreases.",
        "positive": "A Monte Carlo study of random surface field effect on layering\n  transitions: The effect of a random surface field, within the bimodal distribution, on the\nlayering transitions in a spin-1/2 Ising thin film is investigated, using Monte\nCarlo simulations. It is found that the layering transitions depend strongly on\nthe concentration $p$ of the disorder of the surface magnetic field, for a\nfixed temperature, surface and external magnetic fields. Indeed, the critical\nconcentration $p_c(k)$ at which the magnetisation of each layer $k$ changes the\nsign discontinuously, decreases for increasing the applied surface magnetic\nfield, for fixed values of the temperature $T$ and the external magnetic field\n$H$. Moreover, the behaviour of the layer magnetisations as well as the\ndistribution of positive and negative spins in each layer, are also established\nfor specific values of $H_s$, $H$, $p$ and the temperature $T$. \\\\"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enhanced Gr\u00fcneisen Parameter in Supercooled Water: We use the recently-proposed \\emph{compressible cell} Ising-like model [Phys.\nRev. Lett. \\textbf{120}, 120603 (2018)] to estimate the ratio between thermal\nexpansivity and specific heat (the Gr\\\"uneisen parameter $\\Gamma$) in\nsupercooled water. Near the critical pressure and temperature, $\\Gamma$\nincreases. The $\\Gamma$ value diverges near the pressure-induced finite-$T$\ncritical end-point [Phys. Rev. Lett. \\textbf{104}, 245701 (2010)] and quantum\ncritical points [Phys. Rev. Lett. \\textbf{91}, 066404 (2003)], which indicates\nthat two energy scales are governing the system. This enhanced behavior of\n$\\Gamma$ is caused by the coexistence of high- and low-density liquids [Science\n\\textbf{358}, 1543 (2017)]. Our findings support the proposed liquid-liquid\ncritical point in supercooled water in the No-Man's Land regime, and indicates\npossible applications of this model to other systems.",
        "positive": "Phenomenological order parameter and local parameters fluctuation far\n  beyond the critical region of the continuous phase transition: In the framework of an extended phenomenological approach to phase\ntransitions, it is shown that existing nonlinear relation between local\ncritical atomic parameters and phenomenological order parameter induces the\ncorresponding nonlinear temperature scaling transformation. An explicit form of\nsuch a transformation was found. Theoretically predicted uniform function\nreproduces well the experimentally observed behavior of order parameters in\ndifferent systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pressure-energy correlations and thermodynamic scaling in viscous\n  Lennard-Jones liquids: We use molecular dynamics simulation results on viscous binary Lennard-Jones\nmixtures to examine the correlation between the potential energy and the\nvirial. In accord with a recent proposal [U. R. Pedersen et. al. Phys. Rev.\nLett. 100, 015701 (2008)], the fluctuations in the two quantities are found to\nbe strongly correlated, exhibiting a proportionality constant, Gamma,\nnumerically equal to one-third the slope of an inverse power law approximation\nto the intermolecular potential function. The correlation is stronger at higher\ndensities, where interatomic separations are in the range where the inverse\npower law approximation is more accurate. These same liquids conform to\nthermodynamic scaling of their dynamics, with the scaling exponent equal to\nGamma. Thus, the properties of strong correlation between energy and pressure\nand thermodynamic scaling both reflect the ability of an inverse power law\nrepresentation of the potential to capture interesting features of the dynamics\nof dense, highly viscous liquids.",
        "positive": "Semantic Information in a model of Resource Gathering Agents: We explore the application of a new theory of Semantic Information to the\nwell-motivated problem of a resource foraging agent. Semantic information is\ndefined as the subset of correlations, measured via the transfer entropy,\nbetween agent $A$ and environment $E$ that is necessary for the agent to\nmaintain its viability $V$. Viability, in turn, is endogenously defined as\nopposed to the use of exogenous quantities like utility functions. In our\nmodel, the forager's movements are determined by its ability to measure, via a\nsensor, the presence of an individual unit of resource, while the viability\nfunction is its expected lifetime. Through counterfactual interventions --\nscrambling the correlations between agent and environment via noising the\nsensor -- we demonstrate the presence of a critical value of the noise\nparameter, $\\eta_c$, above which the forager's expected lifetime is\ndramatically reduced. On the other hand, for $\\eta < \\eta_c$ there is\nlittle-to-no effect on its ability to survive. We refer to this boundary as the\nsemantic threshold, quantifying the subset of agent-environment correlations\nthat the agent actually needs to maintain its desired state of staying alive.\nEach bit of information affects the agent's ability to persist both above and\nbelow the semantic threshold. Modeling the viability curve and its semantic\nthreshold via forager/environment parameters, we show how the correlations are\ninstantiated. Our work provides a useful model for studies of established\nagents in terms of semantic information. It also shows that such semantic\nthresholds may prove useful for understanding the role information plays in\nallowing systems to become autonomous agents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Access time of an adaptive random walk on the world-wide Web: We introduce and simulate the random walk that adapts move strategies\naccording to local node preferences on a directed graph. We consider graphs\nwith double-hierarchical connectivity and variable wiring diagram in the\nuniversality class of the world-wide Web. The ensemble of walkers reveals the\nstructure of local subgraphs with dominant promoters and attractors of links.\nThe average access time decays with the distance in hierarchy $\\Delta q$ as a\npower $<t_{aw}> \\sim (\\Delta q)^{-\\theta}$. The access to highly connected\nnodes is orders of magnitude shorter compared to the standard random walk,\nsuggesting the adaptive walk as an efficient message-passing algorithm on this\nclass of graphs.",
        "positive": "Free energy for non-equilibrium quasi-stationary states: We study a class of non-equilibrium quasi-stationary states for a Markov\nsystem interacting with two different thermal baths. We show that the work done\nunder a slow, external change of parameters admits a potential, i.e., the free\nenergy. Three conditions are needed for the existence of free energy in this\nnon-equilibrium system: time-scale separation between variables of the system,\npartial controllability (external fields couple only with the slow variable),\nand an effective detailed balance. These conditions are facilitated in the\ncontinuous limit for the slow variable. In contrast to its equilibrium\ncounterpart, the non-equilibrium free energy can increase with temperature. One\nexample of this is that entropy reduction by means of external fields (cooling)\ncan be easier (in the sense of the work cost) if it starts from a higher\ntemperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of light-induced reactions: Current formulations of nonequilibrium thermodynamics of open chemical\nreaction networks only consider chemostats as free-energy sources sustaining\nnonequilibrium behaviours. Here, we extend the theory to include incoherent\nlight as a source of free energy. We do so by relying on a local equilibrium\nassumption to derive the chemical potential of photons relative to the system\nthey interact with. This allows us to identify the thermodynamic potential and\nthe thermodynamic forces driving light-reacting chemical systems out of\nequilibrium. We use this framework to treat two paradigmatic photochemical\nmechanisms describing light-induced unimolecular reactions -- namely the\nadiabatic and diabatic mechanisms -- and highlight the different thermodynamics\nthey lead to. Furthermore, using a thermodynamic coarse-graining procedure, we\nexpress our findings in terms of commonly measured experimental quantities such\nas quantum yields.",
        "positive": "Comment on 'Absolute negative mobility in a one-dimensional overdamped\n  system': Recently Ru-Yin Chen et al. (Phys. Lett. A 379 (2015) 2169-2173) presented\nresults on the absolute negative mobility (ANM) in a one-dimensional overdamped\nsystem and claimed that a new minimal model of ANM was proposed. We suggest\nthat the authors introduced a mistake in their calculations. Then we perform a\nprecise numerical simulation of the corresponding Langevin equation to show\nthat the ANM phenomenon does not occur in the considered system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation-Dissipation relation in sub-diffusive systems: the case of\n  granular single-file: We study a gas of hard rods on a ring, driven by an external thermostat, with\neither elastic or inelastic collisions, which exhibits sub-diffusive behavior\n$<x^2 > \\sim t^{1/2}$. We show the validity of the usual\nFluctuation-Dissipation (FD) relation, i.e. the proportionality between the\nresponse function and the correlation function, when the gas is elastic or\ndiluted. On the contrary, in strongly inelastic or dense cases, when the tracer\nvelocity is no more independent of the other degrees of freedom, the Einstein\nformula fails and must be replaced by a more general FD relation.",
        "positive": "Asymptotically unbiased estimation of physical observables with neural\n  samplers: We propose a general framework for the estimation of observables with\ngenerative neural samplers focusing on modern deep generative neural networks\nthat provide an exact sampling probability. In this framework, we present\nasymptotically unbiased estimators for generic observables, including those\nthat explicitly depend on the partition function such as free energy or\nentropy, and derive corresponding variance estimators. We demonstrate their\npractical applicability by numerical experiments for the 2d Ising model which\nhighlight the superiority over existing methods. Our approach greatly enhances\nthe applicability of generative neural samplers to real-world physical systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A note on confined diffusion: The random motion of a Brownian particle confined in some finite domain is\nconsidered. Quite generally, the relevant statistical properties involve\ninfinite series, whose coefficients are related to the eigenvalues of the\ndiffusion operator. Unfortunately, the latter depend on space dimensionality\nand on the particular shape of the domain, and an analytical expression is in\nmost circumstances not available. In this article, it is shown that the series\nmay in some circumstances sum up exactly. Explicit calculations are performed\nfor 2D diffusion restricted to a circular domain and 3D diffusion inside a\nsphere. In both cases, the short-time behaviour of the mean square displacement\nis obtained.",
        "positive": "An Introduction to the Thermodynamic and Macrostate Levels of\n  Nonequivalent Ensembles: This short paper presents a nontechnical introduction to the problem of\nnonequivalent microcanonical and canonical ensembles. Both the thermodynamic\nand the macrostate levels of definition of nonequivalent ensembles are\nintroduced. The many relationships that exist between these two levels are also\nexplained in simple physical terms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hysteretic response characteristics and dynamic phase transition via\n  site dilution in the kinetic Ising model: The decay of the hysteresis loop area of the system, which is obeying a site\ndiluted kinetic Ising model, is considered by the disorder parameter using the\neffective field theory analysis. The exhibition focuses on the understanding of\nexternal field frequency, amplitude and the site concentration dependency of\nthe hysteresis loop area for several powerful treatments. Important\ncharacteristics of the hysteretic response, such as frequency dispersion,\neffect of domain nucleation phenomenon on the dynamic process etc. has been\nintroduced together with well known other characteristics. An attempt has been\nmade to explain the relations between the competing time scales (intrinsic\nmicroscopic relaxation time of the system and the time period of the external\noscillatory field) and the shape of the response. As a result of the detailed\ninvestigations, existence of essentially three, particularly four types of\ndispersion curves have been propounded.",
        "positive": "Actively Contracting Bundles of Polar Filaments: We introduce a phenomenological model to study the properties of bundles of\npolar filaments which interact via active elements. The stability of the\nhomogeneous state, the attractors of the dynamics in the unstable regime and\nthe tensile stress generated in the bundle are discussed. We find that the\ninteraction of parallel filaments can induce unstable behavior and is\nresponsible for active contraction and tension in the bundle. Interaction\nbetween antiparallel filaments leads to filament sorting. Our model could apply\nto simple contractile structures in cells such as stress fibers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temporal order in periodically driven spins in star-shaped clusters: We experimentally study the response of star-shaped clusters of initially\nunentangled $N=4$, 10 and 37 nuclear spin-$\\frac{1}{2}$ moments to an inexact\n$\\pi$-pulse sequence, and show that an Ising coupling between the centre and\nthe satellite spins results in robust period-two magnetization oscillations.\nThe period is stable against bath-effects but the amplitude decays with a time\nscale that depends on the inexactness of the pulse. Simulations reveal a\nsemiclassical picture where the rigidity of the period is due to a randomizing\neffect of the Larmor precession under the magnetization of surrounding spins.\nThe time scales with stable periodicity increase with net initial magnetization\neven in the presence of perturbations, indicating a robust temporal ordered\nphase for large systems with finite magnetization per spin.",
        "positive": "Implicit Ligand Theory: Rigorous Binding Free Energies and Thermodynamic\n  Expectations from Molecular Docking: A rigorous formalism for estimating noncovalent binding free energies and\nthermodynamic expectations from calculations in which receptor configurations\nare sampled independently from the ligand is derived. Due to this separation,\nreceptor configurations only need to be sampled once, facilitating the use of\nbinding free energy calculations in virtual screening. Demonstrative\ncalculations on a host-guest system yield good agreement with previous free\nenergy calculations and isothermal titration calorimetry measurements. Implicit\nligand theory provides guidance on how to improve existing molecular docking\nalgorithms and insight into the concepts of induced fit and conformational\nselection in noncovalent macromolecular recognition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Machine learning for structure-property relationships: Scalability and\n  limitations: We present a scalable machine learning (ML) framework for predicting\nintensive properties and particularly classifying phases of many-body systems.\nScalability and transferability are central to the unprecedented computational\nefficiency of ML methods. In general, linear-scaling computation can be\nachieved through the divide and conquer approach, and the locality of physical\nproperties is key to partitioning the system into sub-domains that can be\nsolved separately. Based on the locality assumption, ML model is developed for\nthe prediction of intensive properties of a finite-size block. Predictions of\nlarge-scale systems can then be obtained by averaging results of the ML model\nfrom randomly sampled blocks of the system. We show that the applicability of\nthis approach depends on whether the block-size of the ML model is greater than\nthe characteristic length scale of the system. In particular, in the case of\nphase identification across a critical point, the accuracy of the ML prediction\nis limited by the diverging correlation length. The two-dimensional Ising model\nis used to demonstrate the proposed framework. We obtain an intriguing scaling\nrelation between the prediction accuracy and the ratio of ML block size over\nthe spin-spin correlation length. Implications for practical applications are\nalso discussed.",
        "positive": "Finite-time fluctuation theorem for diffusion-influenced surface\n  reactions on spherical and Janus catalytic particles: A finite-time fluctuation theorem for the diffusion-influenced surface\nreaction A <=> B is investigated for spherical and Janus catalytic particles.\nThe finite-time rates and thermodynamic force are analytically calculated by\nsolving diffusion equations with the special boundary conditions of the\nfinite-time fluctuation theorem. Theory is compared with numerical simulations\ncarried out with two different methods: a random walk algorithm and\nmultiparticle collision dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic uncertainty relation for underdamped dynamics driven by\n  time-dependent protocols: The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) for underdamped dynamics has\nintriguing problems while its counterpart for overdamped dynamics has recently\nbeen derived. Even for the case of steady states, a proper way to match\nunderdamped and overdamped TURs has not been found. We derive the TUR for\nunderdamped systems subject to general time-dependent protocols, that covers\nsteady states, by using the Cram\\'{e}r-Rao inequality. We show the resultant\nTUR to give rise to the inequality of the product of the variance and entropy\nproduction. We prove it to approach to the known overdamped result for large\nviscosity limit. We present three examples to confirm our rigorous result.",
        "positive": "Invasion Percolation with Temperature and the Nature of SOC in Real\n  Systems: We show that the introduction of thermal noise in Invasion Percolation (IP)\nbrings the system outside the critical point. This result suggests a possible\ndefinition of SOC systems as ordinary critical systems where the critical point\ncorrespond to set to 0 one of the parameters. We recover both IP and EDEN\nmodel, for $T \\to 0$, and $T \\to \\infty$ respectively. For small $T$ we find a\ndynamical second order transition with correlation length diverging when $T \\to\n0$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Two-Dimensional S=1 Quantum Heisenberg Antiferromagnet at Finite\n  Temperatures: The temperature dependence of the correlation length, susceptibilities and\nthe magnetic structure factor of the two-dimensional spin-1 square lattice\nquantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet are computed by the quantum Monte Carlo loop\nalgorithm (QMC). In the experimentally relevant temperature regime the\ntheoretically predicted asymptotic low temperature behavior is found to be not\nvalid. The QMC results however, agree reasonably well with the experimental\nmeasurements of La2NiO4 even without considering anisotropies in the exchange\ninteractions.",
        "positive": "Connections between efficient control and spontaneous transitions in an\n  Ising model: A system can be driven between metastable configurations by a time-dependent\ndriving protocol, which uses external control parameters to change the\npotential energy of the system. Here we investigate the correspondence between\ndriving protocols that are designed to minimize work and the spontaneous\ntransition paths of the system in the absence of driving. We study the\nspin-inversion reaction in a 2D Ising model, quantifying the timing of each\nspin flip and heat flow to the system during both a minimum-work protocol and a\nspontaneous transition. The general order of spin flips during the transition\nmechanism is preserved between the processes, despite the coarseness of control\nparameters that are unable to reproduce more detailed features of the\nspontaneous mechanism. Additionally, external control parameters provide energy\nto each system component to compensate changes in internal energy, showing how\ncontrol parameters are tuned during a minimum-work protocol to counteract\nunderlying energetic features. This study supports a correspondence between\nminimum-work protocols and spontaneous transition mechanisms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonconservative forcing and diffusion in refractive optical traps: Refractive optical trapping forces can be nonconservative in the vicinity of\na stable equilibrium point even in the absence of radiation pressure. We\ndiscuss how nonconservative 3D force fields, in the vicinity of an equilibrium\npoint, reduce to circular forcing in a plane; a simple model of such forcing is\nthe refractive trapping of a sphere by a four rays. We discuss in general the\ndiffusion of an anisotropically trapped, circularly forced particle and obtain\nits spectrum of motion. Equipartition of potential energy holds even though the\nnonconservative flow does not follow equipotentials of the trap. We find that\nthe dissipated nonconservative power is proportional to temperature, providing\na mechanism for a runaway heating instability in traps.",
        "positive": "Disorder-Induced Long-Ranged Correlations in Scalar Active Matter: We study the impact of a random quenched potentials and torques on scalar\nactive matter. Microscopic simulations reveal that motility-induced phase\nseparation is replaced in two-dimensions by an asymptotically homogeneous phase\nwith anomalous long-ranged correlations and non-vanishing steady-state\ncurrents. Using a combination of phenomenological models and a\nfield-theoretical treatment, we show the existence of a lower-critical\ndimension, $d_c=4$, below which phase separation is only observed for systems\nsmaller than an Imry-Ma length-scale. We identify a weak-disorder regime in\nwhich the structure factor scales as $S(q) \\sim 1/q^2$ which accounts for our\nnumerics. In $d=2$ we predict that, at larger scales, the behaviour should\ncross over to a strong-disorder regime. In $d>2$, these two regimes exist\nseparately, depending on the strength of the potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optical response of a ferromagnetic/DMS hybrid structure: We investigate the possibility of using local magnetic fields to produce\none-dimensional traps in hybrid structures for any quasiparticle possessing\nspin degree of freedom. We consider a system composed of a diluted magnetic\nsemiconductor quantum well buried below a micron-sized ferromagnetic island.\nLocalized magnetic field is produced by a rectangular ferromagnet in close\nproximity of a single domain phase. We make quantitative predictions for the\noptical response of the system as a function of distance between the\nmicromagnet and the quantum well, electronic g-factor, and thickness of the\nmicromagnet.",
        "positive": "Coupled Harmonic Oscillators and Feynman's Rest of the Universe: According to Feynman, the universe consists of two parts - the system in\nwhich we are interested and the rest of the universe which our measurement\nprocess does not reach. Feynman then formulates the density matrix in terms of\nthe observable world and the rest of the universe. It is shown that coupled\nharmonic oscillators can serve as an illustrative example for Feynman's ``rest\nof the universe.'' It is pointed out that this simple example has far-reaching\nconsequences in many branches of physics, including statistical mechanics,\nmeasurement theory, information theory, thermo-field dynamics, quantum optics,\nand relativistic quantum mechanics. It is shown that our ignorance of the rest\nof the universe increases the uncertainty and entropy in the system in which we\nare interested."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entangled time-crystal phase in an open quantum light-matter system: Time-crystals are nonequilibrium many-body phases in which the state of the\nsystem dynamically approaches a limit cycle. While these phases are recently in\nthe focus of intensive research, it is still far from clear whether they can\nhost quantum correlations. In fact, mostly classical correlations have been\nobserved so far and time-crystals appear to be effectively classical\nhigh-entropy phases. Here, we consider the nonequilibrium behavior of an open\nquantum light-matter system, realizable in current experiments, which maps onto\na paradigmatic time-crystal model after an adiabatic elimination of the light\nfield. The system displays a bistable regime, with coexistent time-crystal and\nstationary phases, terminating at a tricritical point from which a second-order\nphase transition line departs. While light and matter are uncorrelated in the\nstationary phase, the time-crystal phase features bipartite correlations, both\nof quantum and classical nature. Our work unveils that time-crystal phases in\ncollective open quantum systems can sustain quantum correlations, including\nentanglement, and are thus more than effectively classical many-body phases.",
        "positive": "The non-equilibrium response of the critical Ising model: Universal\n  scaling properties and Local Scale Invariance: Motivated by recent numerical findings [M. Henkel, T. Enss, and M. Pleimling,\nJ. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 39 (2006) L589] we re-examine via Monte Carlo\nsimulations the linear response function of the two-dimensional Ising model\nwith Glauber dynamics quenched to the critical point. At variance with the\nresults of Henkel et al., we detect discrepancies between the actual scaling\nbehavior of the response function and the prediction of Local Scale Invariance.\nSuch differences are clearly visible in the impulse autoresponse function,\nwhereas they are drastically reduced in integrated response functions.\nAccordingly, the scaling form predicted on the basis of Local Scale Invariance\nsimply provides an accurate fitting form for some quantities but cannot be\nconsidered to be exact."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chirality Reversing Active Brownian Motion in Two Dimensions: We study the dynamics of a chirality reversing active Brownian particle,\nwhich models the chirality reversing active motion common in many\nmicroorganisms and microswimmers. We show that, for such a motion, the presence\nof the two time-scales set by the chirality reversing rate $\\gamma$ and\nrotational diffusion constant $D_R$ gives rise to four dynamical regimes,\nnamely, (I) $t \\ll \\text{min}(\\gamma^{-1}, D_R^{-1})$, (II) $\\gamma^{-1} \\ll t\n\\ll D_R^{-1}$, (III) $D_R^{-1} \\ll t \\ll \\gamma^{-1}$ and (IV) $t \\gg\n\\text{max}(\\gamma^{-1}, D_R^{-1})$, each showing different behaviour. The\nshort-time regime (I) is characterized by a strongly anisotropic and\nnon-Gaussian position distribution, which crosses over to a diffusive Gaussian\nbehaviour in the long-time regime (IV) via an intermediate regime (II) or\n(III), depending on the relative strength of $\\gamma$ and $D_R$. In regime\n(II), the chirality reversing active Brownian motion reduces to that of an\nordinary active Brownian particle, with an effective rotation diffusion\ncoefficient which depends on the angular velocity. Finally, we find that, the\nregime (III) is characterized by an effective chiral active Brownian motion.",
        "positive": "Equivalence of Non-Equilibrium Ensembles and Representation of Friction\n  in Turbulent Flows: The Lorenz 96 Model: We construct different equivalent non-equilibrium statistical ensembles in a\nsimple yet instructive $N$-degrees of freedom model of atmospheric turbulence,\nintroduced by Lorenz in 1996. The vector field can be decomposed into an\nenergy-conserving, time-reversible part, plus a non-time reversible part,\nincluding forcing and dissipation. We construct a modified version of the model\nwhere viscosity varies with time, in such a way that energy is conserved, and\nthe resulting dynamics is fully time-reversible. For each value of the forcing,\nthe statistical properties of the irreversible and reversible model are in\nexcellent agreement, if in the latter the energy is kept constant at a value\nequal to the time-average realized with the irreversible model. In particular,\nthe average contraction rate of the phase space of the time-reversible model\nagrees with that of the irreversible model, where instead it is constant by\nconstruction. We also show that the phase space contraction rate obeys the\nfluctuation relation, and we relate its finite time corrections to the\ncharacteristic time scales of the system. A local version of the fluctuation\nrelation is explored and successfully checked. The equivalence between the two\nnon-equilibrium ensembles extends to dynamical properties such as the Lyapunov\nexponents, which are shown to obey to a good degree of approximation a pairing\nrule. These results have relevance in motivating the importance of the chaotic\nhypothesis. in explaining that we have the freedom to model non-equilibrium\nsystems using different but equivalent approaches, and, in particular, that\nusing a model of a fluid where viscosity is kept constant is just one option,\nand not necessarily the only option, for describing accurately its statistical\nand dynamical properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Out of Equilibrium Solutions in the $XY$-Hamiltonian Mean Field model: Out of equilibrium magnetised solutions of the $XY$-Hamiltonian Mean Field\n($XY$-HMF) model are build using an ensemble of integrable uncoupled pendula.\nUsing these solutions we display an out-of equilibrium phase transition using a\nspecific reduced set of the magnetised solutions.",
        "positive": "Universal power laws in the threshold network model: A theoretical\n  analysis based on extreme value theory: We theoretically and numerically investigated the threshold network model\nwith a generic weight function where there were a large number of nodes and a\nhigh threshold. Our analysis was based on extreme value theory, which gave us a\ntheoretical understanding of the distribution of independent and identically\ndistributed random variables within a sufficiently high range. Specifically,\nthe distribution could be generally expressed by a generalized Pareto\ndistribution, which enabled us to formulate the generic weight distribution\nfunction. By using the theorem, we obtained the exact expressions of degree\ndistribution and clustering coefficient which behaved as universal power laws\nwithin certain ranges of degrees. We also compared the theoretical predictions\nwith numerical results and found that they were extremely consistent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solutions of Gross-Pitaevskii equations beyond the hydrodynamic\n  approximation: Application to the vortex problem: We develop the multiscale technique to describe excitations of a\nBose-Einstein condensate (BEC) whose characteristic scales are comparable with\nthe healing length, thus going beyond the conventional hydrodynamical\napproximation. As an application of the theory we derive approximate explicit\nvortex and other solutions. The dynamical stability of the vortex is discussed\non the basis of the mathematical framework developed here, the result being\nthat its stability is granted at least up to times of the order of seconds,\nwhich is the condensate lifetime. Our analytical results are confirmed by the\nnumerical simulations.",
        "positive": "From Large Scale Rearrangements to Mode Coupling Phenomenology: We consider the equilibrium dynamics of Ising spin models with multi-spin\ninteractions on sparse random graphs (Bethe lattices). Such models undergo a\nmean field glass transition upon increasing the graph connectivity or lowering\nthe temperature. Focusing on the low temperature limit, we identify the large\nscale rearrangements responsible for the dynamical slowing-down near the\ntransition. We are able to characterize exactly the dynamics near criticality\nby analyzing the statistical properties of such rearrangements. Our approach\ncan be generalized to a large variety of glassy models on sparse random graphs,\nranging from satisfiability to kinetically constrained models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Finite Size Scaling in Disordered Systems: The critical behavior of a quenched random hypercubic sample of linear size\n$L$ is considered, within the ``random-$T_{c}$'' field-theoretical mode, by\nusing the renormalization group method. A finite-size scaling behavior is\nestablished and analyzed near the upper critical dimension $d=4-\\epsilon$ and\nsome universal results are obtained. The problem of self-averaging is clarified\nfor different critical regimes.",
        "positive": "Elasticity, plasticity and screening in amorphous solids: a short review: The aim of this short review is to summarize the developing theory aimed at\ndescribing the effect of plastic events in amorphous solids on its emergent\nmechanics. Experiments and simulations present anomalous mechanical response of\namorphous solids where quadrupolar plastic events collectively induce\ndistributed dipoles that are analogous to dislocations in crystalline solids.\nThe novel theory is described, and a number of pertinent examples are provided,\nincluding the comparison of theoretical prediction to simulations or\nexperiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Properties of nano-islands formation in nonequilibrium\n  reaction-diffusion systems with memory effects: We study dynamics of pattern formation in systems belonging to class of\nreaction-Cattaneo models including persistent diffusion (memory effects of the\ndiffusion flux). It was shown that due to the memory effects pattern seletion\nprocess are realized. We have found that oscillatory behavior of the radius of\nthe adsorbate islands is governed by finite propagation speed. It is shown that\nstabilization of nano-patterns in such models is possible only by\nnonequilibrium chemical reactions. Oscillatory dynamics of pattern formation is\nstudied in details by numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Analytic application of the mean crossover function to the description\n  of the isothermal compressibility of xenon: We use the mean crossover functions [Garrabos and Bervillier, Phys Rev. E 74,\n021113 (2006)] estimated from the bounded results of the Massive\nRenormalization scheme applied to the $\\Phi_{d}^{4}(n)$ model in three\ndimensions ($d=3$) and scalar order parameter ($n=1$) [Bagnuls and Bervillier,\nPhys. Rev. E 65, 066132 (2002)], to represent the singular behavior of the\nisothermal compressibility of xenon along the critical isochore in the\nhomogeneous preasymptotic domain. The validity range and the Ising nature of\nthe crossover description are discussed in terms of a single scale factor whose\nvalue can be analytically estimated beyond the Ising-like preasymptotic domain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Parametric level statistics in random matrix theory: Exact solution: An exact solution to the problem of parametric level statistics in\nnon-Gaussian ensembles of N by N Hermitian random matrices with either soft or\nstrong level confinement is formulated within the framework of the orthogonal\npolynomial technique. Being applied to random matrices with strong level\nconfinement, the solution obtained leads to emergence of a new connection\nrelation that makes a link between the parametric level statistics and the\nscalar two-point kernel in the thermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "Minimal dissipation theory and shear bands in biaxial tests: True biaxial tests of granular materials are investigated by applying the\nprinciple of minimal dissipation and comparing to two dimensional contact\ndynamics simulations. It is shown that the macroscopic steady state manifested\nby constant stress ratio and constant volume is the result of the ever changing\nmicroscopic structure which minimizes the dissipation rate. The shear band\nangle in the varying shear band structures is found to be constant. We also\nshow that introducing friction on the walls reduces the degeneracy of the\noptimal shear band structures to one for a wide range of parameters which gives\na non-constant stress ratio curve with varying aspect ratio that can be\ncalculated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Particle-photon radiative interactions and thermalization: We analyze the statistical properties of radiative transitions for a\nmolecular system possessing discrete, equally spaced, energy levels,\ninteracting with thermal radiation at constant temperature. A radiative\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem is derived and the particle velocity\ndistribution analyzed. It is shown analytically that, neglecting molecular\ncollisions, the velocity distribution function cannot be Gaussian, as the\nequilibrium value for the kurtosis $\\kappa$ is different from $\\kappa=3$. A\nMaxwellian velocity distribution can be recovered in the limit of small\nradiative friction.",
        "positive": "Efficiency and persistence in models of adaptation: A cut-and-paste model which mimics a trial-and-error process of adaptation is\nintroduced and solved. The model, which can be thought of as a diffusion\nprocess with memory, is characterized by two properties, efficiency and\npersistence. We establish a link between these properties and determine two\ntransitions for each property, a percolation transition and a depinning\ntransition. If the adaptation process is iterated, the antipersistent state\nbecomes an attractor of the dynamics. Extensions to higher dimensions are\nbriefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Accelerated calculation of configurational free energy using a\n  combination of reverse Monte Carlo and neural network models: Adsorption\n  isotherm for 2D square and triangular lattices: We demonstrate the application of artificial neural network (ANN) models to\nreverse Monte Carlo based thermodynamic calculations. Adsorption isotherms are\ngenerated for 2D square and triangular lattices. These lattices are considered\nbecause of their importance to catalytic applications. In general,\nconfigurational free energy terms that arise from adsorbate arrangements are\nchallenging to handle and are typically evaluated using computationally\nexpensive Monte Carlo simulations. We show that a combination of reverse Monte\nCarlo (RMC) and ANN model can provide an accurate estimate of the\nconfigurational free energy. The ANN model is trained/constructed using data\ngenerated with the help of RMC simulations. Adsorption isotherms are accurately\nobtained for a range of adsorbate-adsorbate interactions, coverages and\ntemperatures within few seconds on a desktop computer using this method. The\nresults are validated by comparing to MC calculations. Additionally, H\nadsorption on Ni(100) surface is studied using the ANN/RMC approach.",
        "positive": "Density functional theory and free energy of inhomogeneous electron gas: It is shown that in adiabatic approximation for nuclei the many-component\nCoulomb system cannot be described on the basis of the grand canonical\nensemble. Using the variational Bogolyubov's procedure for the free energy, the\nHohenberg-Kohn theorem is proved in the canonical ensemble for inhomogeneous\nelectron gas at finite temperature. The principal difference between\nconsideration in the framework of quantum statistics in the canonical ensemble\nand quantum-mechanical consideration of a finite number of particles in\ninfinite volume is established. The problem of universality of the density\nfunctional for describing the inhomogeneous electron density in a disordered\nnuclei field is considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The virial equation of state for unitary fermion thermodynamics with\n  non-Gaussian correlations: We study the roles of the dynamical high order perturbation and statistically\nnon-linear infrared fluctuation/correlation in the virial equation of state for\nthe Fermi gas in the unitary limit. Incorporating the quantum level crossing\nrearrangement effects, the spontaneously generated entropy departing from the\nmean-field theory formalism leads to concise thermodynamical expressions. The\ndimensionless virial coefficients with complex non-local correlations are\ncalculated up to the fourth order for the first time. The virial coefficients\nof unitary Fermi gas are found to be proportional to those of the ideal quantum\ngas with integer ratios through a general term formula. Counterintuitively,\ncontrary to those of the ideal bosons ($a^{(0)}_2=-\\frac{1}{4 \\sqrt{2}}$) or\nfermions($a^{(0)}_2=\\frac{1}{4 \\sqrt{2}}$), the second virial coefficient $a_2$\nof Fermi gas at unitarity is found to be equal to zero. With the vanishing\nleading order quantum correction, the BCS-BEC crossover thermodynamics\nmanifests the famous pure classical Boyle's law in the Boltzmann regime. The\nnon-Gaussian correlation phenomena can be validated by studying the\nJoule-Thomson effect.",
        "positive": "On relation between discrete Frenet frames and the bi-Hamiltonian\n  structure of the discrete nonlinear Schr\u00f6dinger equation: The discrete Frenet equation entails a local framing of a discrete, piecewise\nlinear polygonal chain in terms of its bond and torsion angles. In particular,\nthe tangent vector of a segment is akin the classical O(3) spin variable. Thus\nthere is a relation to the lattice Heisenberg model, that can be used to model\nphysical properties of the chain. On the other hand, the Heisenberg model is\nclosely related to the discrete nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger (DNLS) equation. Here\nwe apply these interrelations to develop a perspective on discrete chains\ndynamics: We employ the properties of a discrete chain in terms of a spinorial\nrepresentation of the discrete Frenet equation, to introduce a bi-hamiltonian\nstructure for the discrete nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger equation (DNLSE), which we\nthen use to produce integrable chain dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dilute Bose gas in two dimensions: Density expansions and the\n  Gross-Pitaevskii equation: A dilute two-dimensional (2D) Bose gas at zero temperature is studied by the\nmethod developed earlier by the authors. Low density expansions are derived for\nthe chemical potential, ground state energy, kinetic and interaction energies.\nThe expansion parameter is found to be a dimensionless in-medium scattering\namplitude u obeying the equation 1/u+\\ln u=-\\ln(na^2\\pi)-2\\gamma, where na^2\nand \\gamma are the gas parameter and the Euler constant, respectively. It is\nshown that the ground state energy is mostly kinetic in the low density limit;\nthis result does not depend on a specific form of the pairwise interaction\npotential, contrary to 3D case. A new form of 2D Gross-Pitaevskii equation is\nproposed within our scheme.",
        "positive": "Probing Klein tunneling through quantum quenches: We study the interplay between an inhomogeneous quantum quench of the\nexternal potential in a system of relativistic fermions in one dimension and\nthe well-known Klein tunneling. We find that the large time evolution is\ncharacterized by particle production at a constant rate which we derive\nanalytically. The produced particles can be physically interpreted according to\na semiclassical picture and the state reached in the long time limit can be\nclassified as a non-equilibrium-steady-state. Such a quantum quench can be used\nin order to observe macroscopic effects of Klein tunneling in transport,\nraising the possibility of an experimental implementation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical correlations of an anyon liquid at low temperatures: Using a proposed generalization of the pair distribution function for a gas\nof non-interacting particles obeying fractional exclusion statistics in\narbitrary dimensionality, we derive the statistical correlations in the\nasymptotic limit of vanishing or low temperature. While Friedel-like\noscillations are present in nearly all non-bosonic cases at T=0, they are\ncharacterized by exponential damping at low temperature. We discuss the\ndependence of these features on dimensionality and on the value of the\nstatistical parameter alpha.",
        "positive": "Crossover from Fragile to Strong Glassy Behaviour in Kinetically\n  Constrained Systems: We show the existence of fragile-to-strong transitions in kinetically\nconstrained systems by studying the equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium dynamics\nof a generic constrained Ising spin chain which interpolates between the\nsymmetric and fully asymmetric cases. We find that for large but finite\nasymmetry the model displays a crossover from fragile to strong glassy\nbehaviour at finite temperature, which is controlled by the asymmetry\nparameter. The relaxation in the fragile region presents stretched exponential\nbehaviour, with a temperature dependent stretching exponent which is predicted.\nOur results are confirmed by numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation theorem for currents and Schnakenberg network theory: A fluctuation theorem is proved for the macroscopic currents of a system in a\nnonequilibrium steady state, by using Schnakenberg network theory. The theorem\ncan be applied, in particular, in reaction systems where the affinities or\nthermodynamic forces are defined globally in terms of the cycles of the graph\nassociated with the stochastic process describing the time evolution.",
        "positive": "Magnetic phase diagram for a non-extensive system: Experimental\n  connection with manganites: In the present paper we make a thorough analysis of a classical spin system,\nwithin the framework of Tsallis nonextensive statistics. From the analysis of\nthe generalized Gibbs free energy, within the mean-field approximation, a\npara-ferromagnetic phase diagram, which exhibits first and second order phase\ntransitions, is built. The features of the generalized, and classical, magnetic\nmoment are mainly determined by the values of $q$, the non-extensive parameter.\nThe model is successfully applied to the case of\nLa$_{0.60}$Y$_{0.07}$Ca$_{0.33}$MnO$_3$ manganite. The temperature and magnetic\nfield dependence of the experimental magnetization on this manganite are\nfaithfully reproduced. The agreement between rather \"exotic\" magnetic\nproperties of manganites and the predictions of the $q$-statistics, comes to\nsupport our early claim that these materials are magnetically nonextensive\nobjects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractal dimension of domain walls in the Edwards-Anderson spin glass\n  model: We study directly the length of the domain walls (DW) obtained by comparing\nthe ground states of the Edwards-Anderson spin glass model subject to periodic\nand antiperiodic boundary conditions. For the bimodal and Gaussian bond\ndistributions, we have isolated the DW and have calculated directly its fractal\ndimension $d_f$. Our results show that, even though in three dimensions $d_f$\nis the same for both distributions of bonds, this is clearly not the case for\ntwo-dimensional (2D) systems. In addition, contrary to what happens in the case\nof the 2D Edwards-Anderson spin glass with Gaussian distribution of bonds, we\nfind no evidence that the DW for the bimodal distribution of bonds can be\ndescribed as a Schramm-Loewner evolution processes.",
        "positive": "Universality of the contact process with random dilution: We present quasi-stationary simulations of the two-dimensional contact\nprocess with quenched disorder included through the random dilution of a\nfraction of the lattice sites (these sites are not susceptible to infection).\nOur results strongly indicate that the static exponents are independent of the\nimmunization fraction. In addition, the critical moment ratios\n$m=<\\rho^2>/<\\rho>^2$ deviate from the universal ratio $m=1.328$, observed for\nthe non-dilluted system, to smaller values due to rare favorable regions which\ndominate the statistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of relaxation dynamics for anomalous diffusion processes in\n  harmonic potential: Optical tweezers setup is often used to probe the motion of individual tracer\nparticle, which promotes the study of relaxation dynamics of a generic process\nconfined in a harmonic potential. We uncover the dependence of ensemble- and\ntime-averaged mean square displacements of confined processes on the velocity\ncorrelation function $C(t,t+\\tau)$ of the original process. With two different\nscaling forms of $C(t,t+\\tau)$ for small $\\tau$ and large $\\tau$, the\nstationary value and the relaxation behaviors can be obtained immediately. The\ngotten results are valid for a large amount of anomalous diffusion processes,\nincluding fractional Brownian motion, scaled Brownian motion, and the\nmulti-scale L\\'{e}vy walk with different exponents of running time\ndistribution.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of Statistical Anyons: In low-dimensional systems, indistinguishable particles can display\nstatistics that interpolate between bosons and fermions. Signatures of these\n\"anyons\" have been detected in two-dimensional quasiparticle excitations of the\nfractional quantum Hall effect, however experimental access to these\nquasiparticles remains limited. As an alternative to these \"topological\nanyons,\" we propose \"statistical anyons\" realized through a statistical mixture\nof particles with bosonic and fermionic symmetry. We show that the framework of\nstatistical anyons is equivalent to the generalized exclusion statistics (GES)\npioneered by Haldane, significantly broadening the range of systems to which\nGES apply. We develop the full thermodynamic characterizations of these\nstatistical anyons, including both equilibrium and nonequilibrium behavior. To\ndevelop a complete picture, we compare the performance of quantum heat engines\nwith working mediums of statistical anyons and traditional topological anyons,\ndemonstrating the effects of the anyonic phase in both local equilibrium and\nfully nonequilibrium regimes. In addition, methods of optimizing engine\nperformance through shortcuts to adiabaticity are investigated, using both\nlinear response and fast forward techniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian Motion in a Classical Ideal Gas: a Microscopic Approach to\n  Langevin's Equation: We present an insightful ``derivation'' of the Langevin equation and the\nfluctuation dissipation theorem in the specific context of a heavier particle\nmoving through an ideal gas of much lighter particles. The Newton's Law of\nmotion ($m{\\ddot x}=F$) for the heavy particle reduces to a Langevin equation\n(valid on a coarser time scale) with the assumption that the lighter gas\nparticles follow a Boltzmann velocity distribution. Starting from the\nkinematics of the random collisions we show that (1) the average force $<F>\n\\propto -{\\dot x}$ and (2) the correlation function of the fluctuating force\n$\\eta= F-< F>$ is related to the strength of the average force.",
        "positive": "Variational study of two-impurity spin-boson model with a common Ohmic\n  bath: Ground-state phase transitions: By means of a trial wave function, the multi-D$_1$ ansatz, extensive\nvariational calculations with more than ten thousand parameters have been\ncarried out to study quantum phase transitions in the ground states of a\ntwo-impurity system embedded in a common Ohmic bath of bosons. Quantum\ncriticality in both the impurity system and the Ohmic bosonic bath is\ninvestigated with relevant transition points and critical exponents determined\naccurately. With the linear grid of the Ohmic spectral density, our numerical\ncalculations produce a much better description of the ground states with lower\nenergies than other calculations employing a logarithmic grid with a\ndiscretization factor far greater than unity. It offers a possible solution to\nthe considerable controversy on the critical coupling in the literature.\nMoreover, the ground-state phase transition is inferred to be of first order in\nthe presence of strong antiferromagnetic spin-spin couplin}, at variance with\nthat in the ferromagnetic regime or in the absence of spin-spin coupling where\nthe transition belongs to the Kosterlitz-Thouless universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic Matrix Ansatz for Integrable Reaction-Diffusion Processes: We show that the stochastic dynamics of a large class of one-dimensional\ninteracting particle systems may be presented by integrable quantum spin\nHamiltonians. Generalizing earlier work \\cite{Stin95a,Stin95b} we present an\nalternative description of these processes in terms of a time-dependent\noperator algebra with quadratic relations. These relations generate the Bethe\nansatz equations for the spectrum and turn the calculation of time-dependent\nexpectation values into the problem of either finding representations of this\nalgebra or of solving functional equations for the initial values of the\noperators. We use both strategies for the study of two specific models: (i) We\nconstruct a two-dimensional time-dependent representation of the algebra for\nthe symmetric exclusion process with open boundary conditions. In this way we\nobtain new results on the dynamics of this system and on the eigenvectors and\neigenvalues of the corresponding quantum spin chain, which is the isotropic\nHeisenberg ferromagnet with non-diagonal, symmetry-breaking boundary fields.\n(ii) We consider the non-equilibrium spin relaxation of Ising spins with\nzero-temperature Glauber dynamics and an additional coupling to an\ninfinite-temperature heat bath with Kawasaki dynamics. We solve the functional\nequations arising from the algebraic description and show non-perturbatively on\nthe level of all finite-order correlation functions that the coupling to the\ninfinite-temperature heat bath does not change the late-time behaviour of the\nzero-temperature process. The associated quantum chain is a non-hermitian\nanisotropic Heisenberg chain related to the seven-vertex model.",
        "positive": "Internal Spatial Oscillations in a Single Trapped Bose--Einstein\n  Condensate: I predict the existence of internal spatial currents in a {\\it single}\nmacroscopic quantum system, namely in trapped dilute-gas at sufficiently low\ntemperatures, when a Bose-Einstein condensation occurs. The spatial profiles of\nthe wavefunctions of low-lying states in such a system are different due to the\ninhomogeneity, caused by an asymmetry of external trapping potential. This is\nthe reason for appearing of Josephson--like oscillations between atomic\nsubsystems in different states including the ground state as well. Using a\nsimple model for the wavefunctions of three low-lying states we demonstrate how\nessential this effect can be. The possible applications of the predicted effect\nare briefly discussed. Particularly, this effect opens the possibility to\nidentify experimentally the low lying excited states of a system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boosting engine performance with Bose-Einstein condensation: At low-temperatures a gas of bosons will undergo a phase transition into a\nquantum state of matter known as a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), in which a\nlarge fraction of the particles will occupy the ground state simultaneously.\nHere we explore the performance of an endoreversible Otto cycle operating with\na harmonically confined Bose gas as the working medium. We analyze the engine\noperation in three regimes, with the working medium in the BEC phase, in the\ngas phase, and driven across the BEC transition during each cycle. We find that\nthe unique properties of the BEC phase allow for enhanced engine performance,\nincluding increased power output and higher efficiency at maximum power.",
        "positive": "Competitive nucleation in reversible Probabilistic Cellular Automata: The problem of competitive nucleation in the framework of Probabilistic\nCellular Automata is studied from the dynamical point of view. The dependence\nof the metastability scenario on the self--interaction is discussed. An\nintermediate metastable phase, made of two flip--flopping chessboard\nconfigurations, shows up depending on the ratio between the magnetic field and\nthe self--interaction. A behavior similar to the one of the stochastic\nBlume--Capel model with Glauber dynamics is found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Performance of optimal linear-response processes in driven Brownian\n  motion far from equilibrium: Considering the paradigmatic driven Brownian motion, we perform extensive\nnumerical analysis on the performance of optimal linear-response processes far\nfrom equilibrium. We focus on the overdamped regime where exact optimal\nprocesses are known analytically, and most experiments operate. This allows us\nto compare the optimal processes obtained in linear response and address their\nrelevance to experiments, using realistic parameter values from experiments\nwith optical tweezers. Our results help assess the accuracy of perturbative\nmethods in calculating the irreversible work for cases where an exact solution\ndoes not exist. For that, we present a performance metric comparing the\napproximate optimal solution to the exact one. Our main result is that optimal\nlinear-response processes can perform surprisingly well, even far from where\nthey were expected.",
        "positive": "Integrating fluctuations into distribution of resources in\n  transportation networks: We propose a resource distribution strategy to reduce the average travel time\nin a transportation network given a fixed generation rate. Suppose that there\nare essential resources to avoid congestion in the network as well as some\nextra resources. The strategy distributes the essential resources by the\naverage loads on the vertices and integrates the fluctuations of the\ninstantaneous loads into the distribution of the extra resources. The\nfluctuations are calculated with the assumption of unlimited resources, where\nthe calculation is incorporated into the calculation of the average loads\nwithout adding to the time complexity. Simulation results show that the\nfluctuation-integrated strategy provides shorter average travel time than a\nprevious distribution strategy while keeping similar robustness. The strategy\nis especially beneficial when the extra resources are scarce and the network is\nheterogeneous and lowly loaded."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractal and Transfractal Recursive Scale-Free Nets: We explore the concepts of self-similarity, dimensionality, and\n(multi)scaling in a new family of recursive scale-free nets that yield\nthemselves to exact analysis through renormalization techniques. All nets in\nthis family are self-similar and some are fractals - possessing a finite\nfractal dimension - while others are small world (their diameter grows\nlogarithmically with their size) and are infinite-dimensional. We show how a\nuseful measure of \"transfinite\" dimension may be defined and applied to the\nsmall world nets. Concerning multiscaling, we show how first-passage time for\ndiffusion and resistance between hub (the most connected nodes) scale\ndifferently than for other nodes. Despite the different scalings, the Einstein\nrelation between diffusion and conductivity holds separately for hubs and\nnodes. The transfinite exponents of small world nets obey Einstein relations\nanalogous to those in fractal nets.",
        "positive": "Diffusion processes with Gamma-distributed resetting and\n  non-instantaneous returns: We consider the dynamical evolution of a Brownian particle undergoing\nstochastic resetting, meaning that after random periods of time it is forced to\nreturn to the starting position. The intervals after which the random motion is\nstopped are drawn from a Gamma distribution of shape parameter $\\alpha$ and\nscale parameter $r$, while the return motion is performed at constant velocity\n$v$, so that the time cost for a reset is correlated to the last position\noccupied during the stochastic phase. We show that for any value of $\\alpha$\nthe process reaches a non-equilibrium steady state and unveil the dependence of\nthe stationary distribution on $v$. Interestingly, there is a single value of\n$\\alpha$ for which the steady state is unaffected by the return velocity.\nFurthermore, we consider the efficiency of the search process by computing\nexplicitly the mean first passage time. All our findings are corroborated by\nnumerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion of a Deformable Body in a Randomly Stirred Host Fluid: Consider a deformable body immersed in an incompressible liquid that is\nrandomly stirred. Sticking to physical situations in which the body departs\nonly slightly from its spherical shape, we investigate the motion of the body,\ncalculate its mean squared displacement for a correlation function of general\nform and consider several usefull families of correlation functions. We also\nconsider, in detail, the case of thermal agitation and the validity of the\nsmall deformation approximation.",
        "positive": "Coarse-Graining of Microscopic Dynamics into Mesoscopic Transient\n  Potential Model: We show that a mesoscopic coarse-grained dynamics model which incorporates\nthe transient potential can be formally derived from an underlying microscopic\ndynamics model. As a microscopic dynamics model, we employ the overdamped\nLangevin equation. By utilizing the path probability and the Onsager-Machlup\ntype action, we calculate the path probability for the coarse-grained\nmesoscopic degrees of freedom. The action for the mesoscopic degrees of freedom\ncan be simplified by incorporating the transient potential. Then the dynamic\nequation for the mesoscopic degrees of freedom can be simply described by the\nLangevin equation with the transient potential (LETP). As a simple and\nanalytically tractable approximation, we introduce additional degrees of\nfreedom which express the state of the transient potential. Then we\napproximately express the dynamics of the system as the the combination of the\nLETP and the dynamics model for the transient potential. The resulting dynamics\nmodel has the same dynamical structure as the responsive particle dynamics\n(RaPiD) type models [W. J. Briels, Soft Matter 5, 4401 (2009)] and the\nmulti-chain slip-spring type models [T. Uneyama and Y. Masubuchi, J. Chem.\nPhys. 137, 154902 (2012)]. As a demonstration, we apply our coarse-graining\nmethod with the LETP to a single particle dynamics in a supercooled liquid, and\ncompare the results of the LETP with the molecular dynamics simulations and\nother coarse-graining models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The decay mode of high-energy tails in velocity distributions of\n  astrophysical plasma particles: The relativistic equilibrium velocity distribution coincides with the\nMaxwellian distribution for small velocities and vanishes at c, the velocity of\nlight. Based on the decay pattern of high-energy tail in the relativistic\nequilibrium velocity distribution, it is predicted for velocity and velocity\nrate distributions of astrophysical plasma particles that they fall off to\nzero, as velocity goes to c, slower than any exponential decay but faster than\nany power-law decay.",
        "positive": "Floating Phase in 1D Transverse ANNNI Model: To study the ground state of ANNNI chain under transverse field as a function\nof frustration parameter $\\kappa$ and field strength $\\Gamma$, we present here\ntwo different perturbative analyses. In one, we consider the (known) ground\nstate at $\\kappa=0.5$ and $\\Gamma=0$ as the unperturbed state and treat an\nincrease of the field from 0 to $\\Gamma$ coupled with an increase of $\\kappa$\nfrom 0.5 to $0.5+r\\Gamma$ as perturbation. The first order perturbation\ncorrection to eigenvalue can be calculated exactly and we could conclude that\nthere are only two phase transition lines emanating from the point\n$\\kappa=0.5$, $\\Gamma=0$. In the second perturbation scheme, we consider the\nnumber of domains of length 1 as the perturbation and obtain the zero-th order\neigenfunction for the perturbed ground state. From the longitudinal spin-spin\ncorrelation, we conclude that floating phase exists for small values of\ntransverse field over the entire region intermediate between the ferromagnetic\nphase and antiphase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ordering kinetics in q-state clock model: scaling properties and growth\n  laws: We present a comprehensive Monte Carlo study of the ordering kinetics in the\n$d=2$ ferromagnetic $q$-state clock model with nonconserved Glauber dynamics.\nIn agreement with previous studies we find that $q \\geqslant 5$ is\ncharacterized by two phase transitions occurring at temperatures $T_{c}^1$ and\n$T_{c}^2$ ($T_{c}^2<T_{c}^1$). Phase ordering kinetics is then investigated by\nrapidly quenching the system in two phases, in the quasi-long range ordered\nphase (QLRO) where $T_{c}^2<T<T_{c}^1$ and in the long-range ordered phase\n(LRO) where $T<T_{c}^2$; $T$ being the quench temperature. Our numerical data\nfor equal time spatial correlation function $C(\\textbf{r},t)$ and structure\nfactor $S(k,t)$ support dynamical scaling. Quench in the LRO regime is\ncharacterized by a crossover from a preasymptotic growth driven by the\nannealing of both vortices and interfaces to an interface driven growth at the\nasymptotic regime with growth exponent $n\\simeq 0.5$. In the QLRO quench\nregime, domains coarsen mainly via annihilation of point defects and our length\nscale data for $q$ = 9, 12, and 20 suggests a $R(t) \\sim (t/\\ln t)^{1/2}$\ngrowth law for the $q$-state clock model in the QLRO phase.",
        "positive": "Statistics of the Number of Records for Random Walks and L\u00e9vy Flights\n  on a ${1D}$ Lattice: We study the statistics of the number of records $R_n$ for a symmetric,\n$n$-step, discrete jump process on a $1D$ lattice. At a given step, the walker\ncan jump by arbitrary lattice units drawn from a given symmetric probability\ndistribution. This process includes, as a special case, the standard nearest\nneighbor lattice random walk. We derive explicitly the generating function of\nthe distribution $P(R_n)$ of the number of records, valid for arbitrary\ndiscrete jump distributions. As a byproduct, we provide a relatively simple\nproof of the generalized Sparre Andersen theorem for the survival probability\nof a random walk on a line, with discrete or continuous jump distributions. For\nthe discrete jump process, we then derive the asymptotic large $n$ behavior of\n$P(R_n)$ as well as of the average number of records $E(R_n)$. We show that\nunlike the case of random walks with symmetric and continuous jump\ndistributions where the record statistics is strongly universal (i.e.,\nindependent of the jump distribution for all $n$), the record statistics for\nlattice walks depends on the jump distribution for any fixed $n$. However, in\nthe large $n$ limit, we show that the distribution of the scaled record number\n$R_n/E(R_n)$ approaches a universal, half-Gaussian form for any discrete jump\nprocess. The dependence on the jump distribution enters only through the scale\nfactor $E(R_n)$, which we also compute in the large $n$ limit for arbitrary\njump distributions. We present explicit results for a few examples and provide\nnumerical checks of our analytical predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unifying approach for fluctuation theorems from joint probability\n  distributions: Any decomposition of the total trajectory entropy production for Markovian\nsystems has a joint probability distribution satisfying a generalized detailed\nfluctuation theorem, when all the contributing terms are odd with respect to\ntime reversal. The expression of the result does not bring into play dual\nprobability distributions, hence easing potential applications. We show that\nseveral fluctuation theorems for perturbed non-equilibrium steady states are\nunified and arise as particular cases of this general result. In particular, we\nshow that the joint probability distribution of the system and reservoir\ntrajectory entropies satisfy a detailed fluctuation theorem valid for all times\nalthough each contribution does not do it separately.",
        "positive": "A fast Variational Gaussian Wave-packet method: Size-induced structural\n  transitions in large neon clusters: The Variational Gaussian wavepacket (VGW) method is an alternative to Path\nIntegral Monte-Carlo (PIMC) for the computation of thermodynamic properties of\nmany-body systems at thermal equilibrium. It provides a direct access to the\nthermal density matrix and is particularly efficient for Monte-Carlo\napproaches, as for an N-body system it operates in a non-inflated 3N\ndimensional configuration space. Here we greatly accelerate the VGW method by\nretaining only the relevant short-range correlations in the (otherwise full)\n$3N\\times 3N$ Gaussian width matrix without sacrificing the accuracy of the\nfully-coupled VGW method. This results in the reduction of the original\n$\\mathcal{O}(N^3)$ scaling to $\\mathcal{O}(N^2)$. The Fast-VGW method is then\napplied to quantum Lennard-Jones clusters with sizes up to N=6500 atoms.\nFollowing Doye and Calvo [JCP 116, 8307 (2002)] we study the competition\nbetween the icosahedral and decahedral structural motifs in Ne_N clusters as a\nfunction of N."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tuning the performance of a micrometer-sized Stirling engine through\n  reservoir engineering: Colloidal heat engines are paradigmatic models to understand the conversion\nof heat into work in a noisy environment - a domain where biological and\nsynthetic nano/micro machines function. While the operation of these engines\nacross thermal baths is well-understood, how they function across baths with\nnoise statistics that is non-Gaussian and also lacks memory, the simplest\ndeparture from equilibrium, remains unclear. Here we quantified the performance\nof a colloidal Stirling engine operating between an engineered\n\\textit{memoryless} non-Gaussian bath and a Gaussian one. In the quasistatic\nlimit, the non-Gaussian engine functioned like an equilibrium one as predicted\nby theory. On increasing the operating speed, due to the nature of noise\nstatistics, the onset of irreversibility for the non-Gaussian engine preceded\nits thermal counterpart and thus shifted the operating speed at which power is\nmaximum. The performance of nano/micro machines can be tuned by altering only\nthe nature of reservoir noise statistics.",
        "positive": "Current reversals in a rocking ratchet: the frequency domain: Motivated by recent work [D. Cubero et al., Phys. Rev. E 82, 041116 (2010)],\nwe examine the mechanisms which determine current reversals in rocking ratchets\nas observed by varying the frequency of the drive. We found that a class of\nthese current reversals in the frequency domain are precisely determined by\ndissipation-induced symmetry breaking. Our experimental and theoretical work\nthus extends and generalizes the previously identified relationship between\ndynamical and symmetry-breaking mechanisms in the generation of current\nreversals."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size scaling study of dynamic critical phenomena in a\n  vapor-liquid transition: Via a combination of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and finite-size\nscaling (FSS) analysis, we study dynamic critical phenomena for the\nvapor-liquid transition in a three dimensional Lennard-Jones system. The phase\nbehavior of the model, including the critical point, have been obtained via the\nMonte Carlo simulations. The transport properties, viz., the bulk viscosity and\nthe thermal conductivity, are calculated via the Green-Kubo relations, by\ntaking inputs from the MD simulations in the microcanonical ensemble. The\ncritical singularities of these quantities are estimated via the FSS method.\nThe results thus obtained are in nice agreement with the predictions of the\ndynamic renormalization group and mode-coupling theories.",
        "positive": "Quantum ferromagnetic transition in disordered itinerant electron\n  systems: An effective field theory is derived for the ferromagnetic transition of\ndiffusive electrons at T=0. The static disorder which leads to diffusive\nelectron dynamics induces an effective long-range interaction between the spins\nof the form 1/r^(2d-2). This leads to unusual scaling behavior at the quantum\ncritical point, which is determined exactly. The crossover from this quantum\nfixed point to the classical Heisenberg fixed point should be observable in\nferromagnetic materials with low Curie temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermalization rates in the one dimensional Hubbard model with\n  next-to-nearest neighbor hopping: We consider a fermionic Hubbard chain with an additional next-to-nearest\nneighbor hopping term. We study the thermalization rates of the quasi-momentum\ndistribution function within a quantum Boltzmann equation approach. We find\nthat the thermalization rates are proportional to the square of the\nnext-to-nearest neighbor hopping: Even weak next-to-nearest neighbor hopping in\naddition to nearest neighbor hopping leads to thermalization in a two-particle\nscattering quantum Boltzmann equation in one dimension. We also investigate the\ntemperature dependence of the thermalization rates, which away from half\nfilling become exponentially small for small temperature of the final\nthermalized distribution.",
        "positive": "Phase behaviour of a symmetrical binary fluid mixture: We have investigated the phase behaviour of a symmetrical binary fluid\nmixture for the situation where the chemical potentials $\\mu_1$ and $\\mu_2$ of\nthe two species differ. Attention is focused on the set of interparticle\ninteraction strengths for which, when $\\mu_1=\\mu_2$, the phase diagram exhibits\nboth a liquid-vapor critical point and a tricritical point. The corresponding\nphase behaviour for the case $\\mu_1\\ne\\mu_2$ is investigated via\nintegral-equation theory calculations within the mean spherical approximation\n(MSA), and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. We find that two\npossible subtypes of phase behaviour can occur, these being distinguished by\nthe relationship between the critical lines in the full phase diagram in the\nspace of temperature, density, and concentration. We present the detailed form\nof the phase diagram for both subtypes and compare with the results from GCMC\nsimulations, finding good overall agreement. The scenario via which one subtype\nevolves into the other, is also studied, revealing interesting features."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equality statements for entropy change in open systems: The entropy change of a (non-equilibrium) Markovian ensemble is calculated\nfrom (1) the ensemble phase density $p(t)$ evolved as iterative map, $p(t) =\n\\mathbb{M}(t) p(t- \\Delta t)$ under detail balanced transition matrix\n$\\mathbb{M}(t)$, and (2) the invariant phase density $\\pi(t) =\n\\mathbb{M}(t)^{\\infty} \\pi(t) $. A virtual measurement protocol is employed,\nwhere variational entropy is zero, generating exact expressions for\nirreversible entropy change in terms of the Jeffreys measure, $\\mathcal{J}(t) =\n\\sum_{\\Gamma} [p(t) - \\pi(t)] \\ln \\bfrac{p(t)}{\\pi(t)}$, and for reversible\nentropy change in terms of the Kullbach-Leibler measure, $\\mathcal{D}_{KL}(t) =\n\\sum_{\\Gamma} \\pi(0) \\ln \\bfrac{\\pi(0)}{\\pi(t)}$. Five properties of\n$\\mathcal{J}$ are discussed, and Clausius' theorem is derived.",
        "positive": "Distributional Behaviors of Time-averaged Observables in Langevin\n  Equation with Fluctuating Diffusivity: Normal Diffusion but Anomalous\n  Fluctuations: We consider Langevin equation with dichotomously fluctuating diffusivity,\nwhere the diffusion coefficient changes dichotomously in time, in order to\nstudy fluctuations of time-averaged observables in temporary heterogeneous\ndiffusion process. We find that occupation time statistics is a powerful tool\nfor calculating the time-averaged mean square displacement in the model. We\nshow that the time-averaged diffusion coefficients are intrinsically random\nwhen the mean sojourn time for one of the states diverges. Our model provides\nanomalous fluctuations of time-averaged diffusivity, which have relevance to\nlarge fluctuations of the diffusion coefficient in single-particle-tracking\nexperiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Poisson processes: regression to equilibrium versus equilibrium\n  correlation functions: We study the response to perturbation of non-Poisson dichotomous fluctuations\nthat generate super-diffusion. We adopt the Liouville perspective and with it a\nquantum-like approach based on splitting the density distribution into a\nsymmetric and an anti-symmetric component. To accomodate the equilibrium\ncondition behind the stationary correlation function, we study the time\nevolution of the anti-symmetric component, while keeping the symmetric\ncomponent at equilibrium. For any realistic form of the perturbed distribution\ndensity we expect a breakdown of the Onsager principle, namely, of the property\nthat the subsequent regression of the perturbation to equilibrium is identical\nto the corresponding equilibrium correlation function. We find the directions\nto follow for the calculation of higher-order correlation functions, an\nunsettled problem, which has been addressed in the past by means of\napproximations yielding quite different physical effects.",
        "positive": "Families of Vicious Walkers: We consider a generalisation of the vicious walker problem in which N random\nwalkers in R^d are grouped into p families. Using field-theoretic\nrenormalisation group methods we calculate the asymptotic behaviour of the\nprobability that no pairs of walkers from different families have met up to\ntime t. For d>2, this is constant, but for d<2 it decays as a power t^(-alpha),\nwhich we compute to O(epsilon^2) in an expansion in epsilon=2-d. The second\norder term depends on the ratios of the diffusivities of the different\nfamilies. In two dimensions, we find a logarithmic decay (ln t)^(-alpha'), and\ncompute alpha' exactly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hamiltonian Thermostats Fail to Promote Heat Flow: Hamiltonian mechanics can be used to constrain temperature simultaneously\nwith energy. We illustrate the interesting situations that develop when two\ndifferent temperatures are imposed within a composite Hamiltonian system. The\nmodel systems we treat are \"phi-4\" chains, with quartic tethers and quadratic\nnearest-neighbor Hooke's-law interactions. This model is known to satisfy\nFourier's law. Our prototypical problem sandwiches a Newtonian subsystem\nbetween hot and cold Hamiltonian reservoir regions. We have characterized four\ndifferent Hamiltonian reservoir types. There is no tendency for any of these\ntwo-temperature Hamiltonian simulations to transfer heat from the hot to the\ncold degrees of freedom. Evidently steady heat flow simulations require energy\nsources and sinks, and are therefore incompatible with Hamiltonian mechanics.",
        "positive": "Heat fluctuations for harmonic oscillators: Heat fluctuations of a harmonic oscillator in contact with a thermostat and\ndriven out of equilibrium by an external deterministic force are studied\nexperimentally and theoretically within the context of Fluctuation Theorems. We\nconsider the case of a periodic forcing of the oscillator, and we calculate the\nanalytic probability density function of heat fluctuations. The limit of large\ntime is discussed and we show that heat fluctuations satisfy the conventional\nfluctuation theorem, even if a different fluctuation relation exists for this\nquantity. Experimental results are also given for a transient state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of Cold Atoms: Basics of Quantum Statistics: The aim of this Tutorial is to present the basic mathematical techniques\nrequired for an accurate description of cold trapped atoms, both Bose and\nFermi. The term {\\it cold} implies that considered temperatures are low, such\nthat quantum theory is necessary, even if temperatures are finite. And the term\n{\\it atoms} means that the considered particles are structureless, being\ndefined by their masses and mutual interactions. Atoms are {\\it trapped} in the\nsense that they form a finite quantum system, though their number can be very\nlarge allowing for the use of the methods of statistical mechanics. This\nTutorial is the first part of several tutorials, giving general mathematical\ntechniques for both types of particle statistics. The following tutorials will\nbe devoted separately to Bose atoms and Fermi atoms. The necessity of carefully\nexplaining basic techniques is important for avoiding numerous misconceptions\noften propagating in literature.",
        "positive": "Large deviation induced phase switch in an inertial majority-vote model: We theoretically study noise-induced phase switch phenomena in an inertial\nmajority-vote (IMV) model introduced in a recent paper [Phys. Rev. E 95, 042304\n(2017)]. The IMV model generates a strong hysteresis behavior as the noise\nintensity $f$ goes forward and backward, a main characteristic of a first-order\nphase transition, in contrast to a second-order phase transition in the\noriginal MV model. Using the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation for the\nmaster equation, we reduce the problem to finding the zero-energy trajectories\nin an effective Hamiltonian system, and the mean switching time depends\nexponentially on the associated action and the number of particles $N$. Within\nthe hysteresis region, we find that the actions along the optimal forward\nswitching path from ordered phase (OP) to disordered phase (DP) and its\nbackward path, show distinct variation trends with $f$, and intersect at\n$f=f_c$ that determines the coexisting line of OP and DP. This results in a\nnonmonotonic dependence of the mean switching time between two symmetric OPs on\n$f$, with a minimum at $f_c$ for sufficiently large $N$. Finally, the\ntheoretical results are validated by Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hamiltonian derivation of a detailed fluctuation theorem: We analyze the microscopic evolution of a system undergoing a\nfar-from-equilibrium thermodynamic process. Explicitly accounting for the\ndegrees of freedom of participating heat reservoirs, we derive a hybrid result,\nsimilar in form to both the fluctuation theorem, and a statement of detailed\nbalance. We relate this result to the steady-state fluctuation theorem, and to\na free energy relation valid far from equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Spin glass freezing in Kondo lattice compounds: It is presented a theory that describes a spin glass phase at finite\ntemperatures in Kondo lattice systems with an additional RKKY interaction\nrepresented by long range, random couplings among localized spins like in the\nSherrington- Kirkpatrick (SK) spin glass model. The problem is studied within\nthe functional integral formalism where the spin operators are represented by\nbilinear combinations of fermionic (anticommuting) Grassmann variables. The\nKondo and spin glass transitions are both described with the mean field like\nstatic ansatz that reproduces good results in the two well known limits. At\nhigh temperatures and low values of the Kondo coupling there is a paramagnetic\n(disordered) phase with vanishing Kondo and spin glass order parameters. By\nlowering the temperature a second order transition line is found at Tsg to a\nspin glass phase. For larger values of the Kondo coupling there is a second\norder transition line at roughly Tk to a Kondo ordered state. For T<Tsg the\ntransition between the Kondo and spin glass phases becomes first order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Three-point functions in the fully packed loop model on the honeycomb\n  lattice: The Fully-Packed Loop (FPL) model on the honeycomb lattice is a critical\nmodel of non-intersecting polygons covering the full lattice, and was\nintroduced by Reshetikhin in 1991. Using the two-component Coulomb-Gas approach\nof Kondev, de Gier and Nienhuis (1996), we argue that the scaling limit\nconsists of two degrees of freedom: a field governed by the imaginary Liouville\naction, and a free boson. We introduce a family of three-point correlation\nfunctions which probe the imaginary Liouville component, and we use\ntransfer-matrix numerical diagonalisation to compute finite-size estimates. We\nobtain good agreement with our analytical predictions for the universal\namplitudes and spatial dependence of these correlation functions. Finally we\nconjecture that this relation between non-intersecting loop models and the\nimaginary Liouville theory is in fact quite generic. We give numerical evidence\nthat this relation indeed holds for various loop models.",
        "positive": "XXZ Bethe states as highest weight vectors of the $sl_2$ loop algebra at\n  roots of unity: We show that every regular Bethe ansatz eigenvector of the XXZ spin chain at\nroots of unity is a highest weight vector of the $sl_2$ loop algebra, for some\nrestricted sectors with respect to eigenvalues of the total spin operator\n$S^Z$, and evaluate explicitly the highest weight in terms of the Bethe roots.\nWe also discuss whether a given regular Bethe state in the sectors generates an\nirreducible representation or not. In fact, we present such a regular Bethe\nstate in the inhomogeneous case that generates a reducible Weyl module. Here,\nwe call a solution of the Bethe ansatz equations which is given by a set of\ndistinct and finite rapidities {\\it regular Bethe roots}. We call a nonzero\nBethe ansatz eigenvector with regular Bethe roots a {\\it regular Bethe state}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discrete Fracture Model with Anisotropic Load Sharing: A two-dimensional fracture model where the interaction among elements is\nmodeled by an anisotropic stress-transfer function is presented. The influence\nof anisotropy on the macroscopic properties of the samples is clarified, by\ninterpolating between several limiting cases of load sharing. Furthermore, the\ncritical stress and the distribution of failure avalanches are obtained\nnumerically for different values of the anisotropy parameter $\\alpha$ and as a\nfunction of the interaction exponent $\\gamma$. From numerical results, one can\ncertainly conclude that the anisotropy does not change the crossover point\n$\\gamma_c=2$ in 2D. Hence, in the limit of infinite system size, the crossover\nvalue $\\gamma_c=2$ between local and global load sharing is the same as the one\nobtained in the isotropic case. In the case of finite systems, however, for\n$\\gamma\\le2$, the global load sharing behavior is approached very slowly.",
        "positive": "To the kinetic theory of dense gases and liquids. Calculation of\n  quasi-equilibrium particle distribution functions by the method of collective\n  variables: Based on a chain of BBGKI equations with a modified boundary condition that\ntakes into account multiparticle correlations, kinetic equations in the\napproximate \"pairs\" collisions and in the polarization approximation, taking\ninto account the interaction through the third particle, obtained. The\nspecifics of the model representation of the pair potential of particle\ninteraction through short-range and long-range parts were taken into account.\nIn the case of the short-range potential in the form of the potential of solid\nspheres, the contribution of Enskog's revised theory to the complete\nintegration of the collision of the kinetic equation is obtained. The collision\nintegrals include paired quasi-equilibrium distribution functions that depend\non the nonequilibrium mean values of the particle number density and the\ninverse temperature. The method of collective variables Yukhnovskii is applied\nfor the calculation of pair quasi-equilibrium distribution function with an\nallocation of short-range and long-range parts in the potential of the\ninteraction of particles. In this case, the system with short-range interaction\nis considered as a frame of reference."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anisotropic KPZ growth in 2+1 dimensions: fluctuations and covariance\n  structure: In [arXiv:0804.3035] we studied an interacting particle system which can be\nalso interpreted as a stochastic growth model. This model belongs to the\nanisotropic KPZ class in 2+1 dimensions. In this paper we present the results\nthat are relevant from the perspective of stochastic growth models, in\nparticular: (a) the surface fluctuations are asymptotically Gaussian on a\nsqrt(ln(t)) scale and (b) the correlation structure of the surface is\nasymptotically given by the massless field.",
        "positive": "Some new results on one-dimensional outflow dynamics: In this paper we introduce modified version of one-dimensional outflow\ndynamics (known as a Sznajd model) which simplifies the analytical treatment.\nWe show that simulations results of the original and modified rules are exactly\nthe same for various initial conditions. We obtain the analytical formula for\nexit probability using Kirkwood approximation and we show that it agrees\nperfectly with computer simulations in case of random initial conditions.\nMoreover, we compare our results with earlier analytical calculations obtained\nfrom renormalization group and from general sequential probabilistic frame\nintroduced by Galam. Using computer simulations we investigate the time\nevolution of several correlation functions to show if Kirkwood approximation\ncan be justified. Surprisingly, it occurs that Kirkwood approximation gives\ncorrect results even for these initial conditions for which it cannot be easily\njustified."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cellular automata for traffic flow simulation with safety embedded\n  notions: In this paper a cellular automata model for one-lane traffic flow is\npresented. A new set of rules is proposed to better capture driver reactions to\ntraffic that are intended to preserve safety on the highway. As a result,\ndrivers behavior is derived from an analysis that determines the most\nappropriate action for a vehicle based on the distance from the vehicle ahead\nof it and the velocities of the two neighbor vehicles. The model preserves\nsimplicity of CA rules and at the same time makes the results closer to real\nhighway behavior. Simulation results exhibit the three states observed in real\ntraffic flow: Free-flow states, synchronized states, and stop-and-go states.",
        "positive": "Jamming Model for the Extremal Optimization Heuristic: Extremal Optimization, a recently introduced meta-heuristic for hard\noptimization problems, is analyzed on a simple model of jamming. The model is\nmotivated first by the problem of finding lowest energy configurations for a\ndisordered spin system on a fixed-valence graph. The numerical results for the\nspin system exhibit the same phenomena found in all earlier studies of extremal\noptimization, and our analytical results for the model reproduce many of these\nfeatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlations of correlations: Secondary autocorrelations in finite\n  harmonic systems: The momentum or velocity autocorrelation function C(t) for a tagged\noscillator in a finite harmonic system decays like that of an infinite system\nfor short times, but exhibits erratic behavior at longer time scales. We\nintroduce the autocorrelation function of the long-time noisy tail of C(t) (\"a\ncorrelation of the correlation\"), which characterizes the distribution of\nrecurrence times. Remarkably, for harmonic systems with same-mass particles\nthis secondary correlation may coincide with the primary correlation C(t) (when\nboth functions are normalized) either exactly, or over a significant initial\ntime interval. When the tagged particle is heavier than the rest, the equality\ndoes not hold, correlations shows non-random long-time scale pattern, and\nhigher order correlations converge to the lowest normal mode.",
        "positive": "Revisiting multiple thermal reservoir stochastic thermodynamics: In this work we first show that for a Markovian system connected to two\nthermal reservoirs with temperatures $T_1$ and $T_2$, the transition rate\nbetween two energy states labelled by $m$ and $m'$, $W_{m,m'}$ cannot be\nwritten as $W^1_{m,m'} + W^2_{m,m'}$, where $ W^{1 }_{m,m'}$, $ W^{2 }_{m,m'}$\nare the transition rates between energy states for systems connected to the\ncorresponding thermal reservoirs. We next show that the evolution of a system\nconnected to two thermal reservoirs is non-Markovian by considering an example\nof a system made up of two points at different temperatures, each following a\nMarkovian evolution. We explain the difficulty in realizing the second law of\nthermodynamics using the Shannonian entropy definition for such composite\nsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipation induced non-Gaussian energy fluctuations: The influence of dissipation on the fluctuation statistics of the total\nenergy is investigated through both a phenomenological and a stochastic model\nfor dissipative energy-transfer through a cascade of states. In equilibrium the\nstates obey equipartition and the total energy obeys the central limit theorem,\ngiving Gaussian fluctuations. In the presence of dissipation, the fluctuations\ncan be driven non-Gaussian if there is macroscopic energy transfer from large\nto small scales. We are thus able to equate the non-Gaussian order parameter\nfluctuations in model equilibrium systems at criticality with energy\nfluctuations in these dissipative systems. Energy fluctuations in the\nphenomenological model map directly onto the 1/f^alpha noise problem and\nnumerical simulations of the stochastic model yield results in qualitative\nagreement with these predictions.",
        "positive": "Post-thermalization via information spreading in open quantum systems: Thermalization in open systems coupled to macroscopic environments is usually\nanalyzed from the perspective of relaxation of the reduced state of the system\nto the equilibrium state. Less emphasis is given to the change of the state of\nthe bath. However, as previously shown for some specific models, during the\nthermalization the environment may undergo a nontrivial dynamics, indicated by\nthe the change of its von Neumann entropy, at time scales even longer than the\nrelaxation time of the system; here such a behavior is nicknamed as\npost-thermalization. We provide a more detailed analysis of this phenomenon by\nsimulating the full dynamics of a variety of systems together with their\nenvironment. In particular, the post-thermalization is qualitatively explained\nas a result of reconversion of the initially built up correlation between the\nsystem and the bath into the correlation between the degrees of freedom in the\nenvironment. We also present exemplary systems in which such a reconversion is\nsuppressed due to non-Markovian dynamics or the presence of interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coloring random graphs: We study the graph coloring problem over random graphs of finite average\nconnectivity $c$. Given a number $q$ of available colors, we find that graphs\nwith low connectivity admit almost always a proper coloring whereas graphs with\nhigh connectivity are uncolorable. Depending on $q$, we find the precise value\nof the critical average connectivity $c_q$. Moreover, we show that below $c_q$\nthere exist a clustering phase $c\\in [c_d,c_q]$ in which ground states\nspontaneously divide into an exponential number of clusters and where the\nproliferation of metastable states is responsible for the onset of complexity\nin local search algorithms.",
        "positive": "Efficiency of the Incomplete Enumeration algorithm for Monte-Carlo\n  simulation of linear and branched polymers: We study the efficiency of the incomplete enumeration algorithm for linear\nand branched polymers. There is a qualitative difference in the efficiency in\nthese two cases. The average time to generate an independent sample of $n$\nsites for large $n$ varies as $n^2$ for linear polymers, but as $exp(c\nn^{\\alpha})$ for branched (undirected and directed) polymers, where\n$0<\\alpha<1$. On the binary tree, our numerical studies for $n$ of order $10^4$\ngives $\\alpha = 0.333 \\pm 0.005$. We argue that $\\alpha=1/3$ exactly in this\ncase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thomson's formulation of the second law: an exact theorem and limits of\n  its validity: Thomson's formulation of the second law - no work can be extracted from a\nsystem coupled to a bath through a cyclic process - is believed to be a\nfundamental principle of nature. For the equilibrium situation a simple proof\nis presented, valid for macroscopic sources of work. Thomson's formulation gets\nlimited when the source of work is mesoscopic, i.e. when its number of degrees\nof freedom is large but finite. Here work-extraction from a single equilibrium\nthermal bath is possible when its temperature is large enough. This result is\nillustrated by means of exactly solvable models. Finally we consider the\nClausius principle: heat goes from high to low temperature. A theorem and some\nsimple consequences for this statement are pointed out.",
        "positive": "High-Dimensional Inference with the generalized Hopfield Model:\n  Principal Component Analysis and Corrections: We consider the problem of inferring the interactions between a set of N\nbinary variables from the knowledge of their frequencies and pairwise\ncorrelations. The inference framework is based on the Hopfield model, a special\ncase of the Ising model where the interaction matrix is defined through a set\nof patterns in the variable space, and is of rank much smaller than N. We show\nthat Maximum Lik elihood inference is deeply related to Principal Component\nAnalysis when the amp litude of the pattern components, xi, is negligible\ncompared to N^1/2. Using techniques from statistical mechanics, we calculate\nthe corrections to the patterns to the first order in xi/N^1/2. We stress that\nit is important to generalize the Hopfield model and include both attractive\nand repulsive patterns, to correctly infer networks with sparse and strong\ninteractions. We present a simple geometrical criterion to decide how many\nattractive and repulsive patterns should be considered as a function of the\nsampling noise. We moreover discuss how many sampled configurations are\nrequired for a good inference, as a function of the system size, N and of the\namplitude, xi. The inference approach is illustrated on synthetic and\nbiological data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise-Driven Mechanism for Pattern Formation: We extend the mechanism for noise-induced phase transitions proposed by\nIbanes et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 020601-1 (2001)] to pattern formation\nphenomena. In contrast with known mechanisms for pure noise-induced pattern\nformation, this mechanism is not driven by a short-time instability amplified\nby collective effects. The phenomenon is analyzed by means of a modulated mean\nfield approximation and numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Stability of $\\varphi^4$-vector model: four-loop $\\varepsilon$ expansion\n  study: The stability of $O(n)$-symmetric fixed point regarding the presence of\nvector-field term ($\\sim h p_{\\alpha}p_{\\beta}$) in the $\\varphi^4$ field\ntheory is analyzed. For this purpose, the four-loop renormalization group\nexpansions in $d=4-2\\varepsilon$ within Minimal Subtraction (MS) scheme are\nobtained. This frequently neglected term in the action requires a detailed and\naccurate study on the issue of existing of new fixed points and their\nstability, that can lead to the possible change of the corresponding\nuniversality class. We found that within lower order of perturbation theory the\nonly $O(n)$-symmetric fixed point $(g_{\\text{H}},h=0)$ exists but the\ncorresponding positive value of stability exponent $\\omega_h$ is tiny. This led\nus to analyze this constant in higher orders of perturbation theory by\ncalculating the 4-loop contributions to the $\\varepsilon$ expansion for\n$\\omega_h$, that should be enough to infer positivity or negativity of this\nexponent. The value turned out to be undoubtedly positive, although still small\neven in higher loops: $0.0156(3)$. These results cause that the corresponding\nvector term should be neglected in the action when analyzing the critical\nbehaviour of $O(n)$-symmetric model. At the same time, the small value of the\n$\\omega_h$ shows that the corresponding corrections to the critical scaling are\nsignificant in a wide range."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A statistical theory of complex systems: Based on the probability distribution observed in complex systems and an\nassumption that the probability distributions of complex systems satisfy a new\ngeneralized multiplication, it is proved that the statistical theory of complex\nsystems can be established in the analogous extensive framework.",
        "positive": "Quantum Stochastic Synchronization: We study within the spin-boson dynamics the synchronization of quantum\ntunneling with an external periodic driving signal. As a main result we find\nthat at a sufficiently large system-bath coupling strength (Kondo parameter\na>1) the thermal noise plays a constructive role in yielding both a frequency\nand a phase synchronization in a symmetric two-level system. Such riveting\nsynchronization occurs when the driving frequency supersedes the zero\ntemperature tunneling rate. As an application evidencing the effect, we\nconsider a charge transfer dynamics in molecular complexes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Repetition and pair-interaction of string-like hopping motions in glassy\n  polymers: The dynamics of many glassy systems are known to exhibit string-like hopping\nmotions each consisting of a line of particles displacing one and other. By\nusing molecular dynamics simulations of glassy polymers, we show that these\nmotions become highly repetitive back-and-forth motions as temperature\ndecreases and do not necessarily contribute to net displacements. Particle hops\nwhich constitute string-like motions are reversed with a high probability,\nreaching 73% and beyond at low temperature. Structural relaxation rate is then\ndictated not by a simple particle hopping rate but instead by the rate at which\nparticles break away from hopping repetitions. We propose that disruption of\nstring repetitions and hence also structural relaxations are brought about by\npair-interactions between strings.",
        "positive": "Detecting topological phase transitions through entanglement between\n  disconnected partitions in a Kitaev chain with long-range interactions: We explore the behaviour of the disconnected entanglement entropy (DEE)\nacross the topological phases of a long range interacting Kitaev chain where\nthe long range interactions decay as a power law with an exponent $\\alpha$. We\nshow that while the DEE may not remain invariant deep within the topologically\nnon-trivial phase when $\\alpha<1$, it nevertheless shows a quantized\ndiscontinuous jump at the quantum critical point and can act as a strong marker\nfor the detection of topological phase transition. We also study the time\nevolution of the DEE after a sudden quench of the chemical potential within the\nsame phase. In the short range limit of a finite chain, the DEE is expected to\nremain constant upto a critical time after the quench, which diverges in the\nthermodynamic limit. However, no such critical time is found to exist when the\nlong range interactions dominate (i.e., $\\alpha<1$)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous roughness with system size dependent local roughness exponent: We note that in a system far from equilibrium the interface roughening may\ndepend on the system size which plays the role of control parameter. To detect\nthe size effect on the interface roughness, we study the scaling properties of\nrough interfaces formed in paper combustion experiments. Using paper sheets of\ndifferent width \\lambda L, we found that the turbulent flame fronts display\nanomalous multi-scaling characterized by non universal global roughness\nexponent \\alpha and the system size dependent spectrum of local roughness\nexponents,\\xi_q, whereas the burning fronts possess conventional multi-affine\nscaling. The structure factor of turbulent flame fronts also exhibit\nunconventional scaling dependence on \\lambda These results are expected to\napply to a broad range of far from equilibrium systems, when the kinetic energy\nfluctuations exceed a certain critical value.",
        "positive": "Particle redistribution and slow decay of correlations in hard-core\n  fluids on a half-driven ladder: We study driven particle systems with excluded volume interactions on a\ntwo-lane ladder with periodic boundaries, using Monte Carlo simulation, cluster\nmean-field theory, and numerical solution of the master equation. Particles in\none lane are subject to a drive that forbids motion along one direction, while\nin the other lane the motion is unbiased; particles may jump between lanes.\nDespite the symmetry of the rates for transitions between lanes, the associated\nparticle densities are unequal: at low densities there is an excess of\nparticles in the undriven lane, while at higher densities the tendency is\nreversed. Similar results are found for an off-lattice model. We quantify the\nreduction in the stationary entropy caused by the drive. The stationary\ntwo-point correlation functions are found to decay algebraically, both on- and\noff-lattice. In the latter case the exponent governing the decay varies\ncontinuously with the density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Determinant solution for the Totally Asymmetric Exclusion Process with\n  parallel update II. Ring geometry: Using the Bethe ansatz we obtain the determinant expression for the time\ndependent transition probabilities in the totally asymmetric exclusion process\nwith parallel update on a ring. Developing a method of summation over the roots\nof Bethe equations based on the multidimensional analogue of the Cauchy residue\ntheorem, we construct the resolution of the identity operator, which allows us\nto calculate the matrix elements of the evolution operator and its powers.\nRepresentation of results in the form of an infinite series elucidates\nconnection to other results obtained for the ring geometry. As a byproduct we\nalso obtain the generating function of the joint probability distribution of\nparticle configurations and the total distance traveled by the particles.",
        "positive": "Persistence in One-dimensional Ising Models with Parallel Dynamics: We study persistence in one-dimensional ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic\nnearest-neighbor Ising models with parallel dynamics. The probability P(t) that\na given spin has not flipped up to time t, when the system evolves from an\ninitial random configuration, decays as P(t) \\sim 1/t^theta_p with theta_p\n\\simeq 0.75 numerically. A mapping to the dynamics of two decoupled A+A \\to 0\nmodels yields theta_p = 3/4 exactly. A finite size scaling analysis clarifies\nthe nature of dynamical scaling in the distribution of persistent sites\nobtained under this dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Current fluctuations in systems with diffusive dynamics, in and out of\n  equilibrium: For diffusive systems that can be described by fluctuating hydrodynamics and\nby the Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory of Bertini et al., the total current\nfluctuations display universal features when the system is closed and in\nequilibrium. When the system is taken out of equilibrium by a boundary-drive,\ncurrent fluctuations, at least for a particular family of diffusive systems,\ndisplay the same universal features as in equilibrium. To achieve this result,\nwe exploit a mapping between the fluctuations in a boundary-driven\nnonequilibrium system and those in its equilibrium counterpart. Finally, we\nprove, for two well-studied processes, namely the Simple Symmetric Exclusion\nProcess and the Kipnis-Marchioro-Presutti model for heat conduction, that the\ndistribution of the current out of equilibrium can be deduced from the\ndistribution in equilibrium. Thus, for these two microscopic models, the\nmapping between the out-of-equilibrium setting and the equilibrium one is\nexact.",
        "positive": "Some fundamental problems for an energy conserving adaptive resolution\n  molecular dynamics scheme: Adaptive resolution molecular dynamics (MD) schemes allow for changing the\nnumber of degrees of freedom on the fly and preserve the free exchange of\nparticles between regions of different resolution. There are two main\nalternatives on how to design the algorithm to switch resolution using\nauxiliary ''switching'' functions; force based and potential energy based\napproach. In this work we show that, in the framework of classical MD, the\nlatter presents fundamental conceptual problems which make unlikely, if not\nimpossible, the derivation of a robust algorithm based on the potential energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Isomorphic classical molecular dynamics model for an excess electron in\n  a supercritical fluid: Ring polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) is used to directly simulate the\ndynamics of an excess electron in a supercritical fluid over a broad range of\ndensities. The accuracy of the RPMD model is tested against numerically exact\npath integral statistics through the use of analytical continuation techniques.\nAt low fluid densities, the RPMD model substantially underestimates the\ncontribution of delocalized states to the dynamics of the excess electron.\nHowever, with increasing solvent density, the RPMD model improves, nearly\nsatisfying analytical continuation constraints at densities approaching those\nof typical liquids. In the high density regime, quantum dispersion\nsubstantially decreases the self-diffusion of the solvated electron.\n  In this regime where the dynamics of the electron is strongly coupled to the\ndynamics of the atoms in the fluid, trajectories that can reveal diffusive\nmotion of the electron are long in comparison to $\\beta\\hbar$.",
        "positive": "Dimensionality Dependence of Aging in Kinetics of Diffusive Phase\n  Separation: Behavior of order-parameter autocorrelation: Behavior of two-time autocorrelation during the phase separation in solid\nbinary mixtures are studied via numerical solutions of the Cahn-Hilliard\nequation as well as Monte Carlo simulations of the Ising model. Results are\nanalyzed via state-of-the-art methods, including the finite-size scaling\ntechnique. Full forms of the autocorrelation in space dimensions $2$ and $3$\nare obtained empirically. The long time behavior are found to be power-law\ntype, with exponents unexpectedly higher than the ones for the ferromagnetic\nordering. Both Chan-Hilliard and Ising models provide results consistent with\neach other."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Overlaps of $q$-raised N\u00e9el states with XXZ Bethe states and their\n  relation to the Lieb-Liniger Bose gas: We present a Gaudin-like determinant expression for overlaps of $q$-raised\nN\\'eel states with Bethe states of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain in the non-zero\nmagnetization sector. The former is constructed by applying global $U_q(sl_2)$\nspin raising operators to the N\\'eel state, the ground state of the\nantiferromagnetic Ising chain. The formulas presented are derived from\nrecently-obtained results for the overlap of the N\\'eel state with XXZ Bethe\nstates. The determinants as well as their prefactors can be evaluated in the\nscaling limit of the XXZ spin chain to the Lieb-Liniger Bose gas. Within this\nlimit a $q$-raised N\\'eel state that contains finitely many down spins\ncorresponds to the ground state of free bosons. This allows for a rigorous\nproof of the BEC Lieb-Liniger overlap formula for an arbitrary number of\nparticles.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Heat Engine Powered By Active Dissipation: Thermodynamics of nanoscale devices is an active area of research. Despite\ntheir noisy surrounding they often produce mechanical work (e.g. micro-heat\nengines), display rectified Brownian motion (e.g. molecular motors). This\ninvokes research in terms of experimentally quantifiable thermodynamic\nefficiencies. Here, a Brownian particle is driven by a harmonic confinement\nwith time-periodic contraction and expansion. The system produces work by being\nalternately (time-periodically) connected to baths with different dissipations.\nWe analyze the system theoretically using stochastic thermodynamics. Averages\nof thermodynamic quantities like work, heat, efficiency, entropy are found\nanalytically for long cycle times. Simulations are also performed in various\ncycle-times. They show excellent agreement with analytical calculations in the\nlong cycle time limit. Distributions of work, efficiency, and large deviation\nfunction for efficiency are studied using simulations. We believe that the\nexperimental realization of our model is possible."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Limits on the Precision of Catenane Molecular Motors: Insights from\n  Thermodynamics and Molecular Dynamics Simulations: Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) relate precision to the\ndissipation rate, yet the inequalities can be far from saturation. Indeed, in\ncatenane molecular motor simulations, we record precision far below the TUR\nlimit. We further show that this inefficiency can be anticipated by four\nphysical parameters: the thermodynamic driving force, fuel decomposition rate,\ncoupling between fuel decomposition and motor motion, and rate of undriven\nmotor motion. The physical insights might assist in designing molecular motors\nin the future.",
        "positive": "Ferromagnetic and spin-glass like transition in the $q$-neighbor Ising\n  model on random graphs: The $q$-neighbor Ising model is investigated on homogeneous random graphs\nwith a fraction of edges associated randomly with antiferromagnetic exchange\nintegrals and the remaining edges with ferromagnetic ones. It is a\nnonequilibrium model for the opinion formation in which the agents, represented\nby two-state spins, change their opinions according to a Metropolis-like\nalgorithm taking into account interactions with only a randomly chosen subset\nof their $q$ neighbors. Depending on the model parameters in Monte Carlo\nsimulations phase diagrams are observed with first-order ferromagmetic\ntransition, both first- and second-order ferromagnetic transitions and\nsecond-order ferromagnetic and spin-glass-like transitions as the temperature\nand fraction of antiferromagnetic exchange integrals are varied; in the latter\ncase the obtained phase diagrams qualitatively resemble those for the dilute\nspin-glass model. Homogeneous mean-field and pair approximations are extented\nto take into account the effect of the antiferromagnetic exchange interactions\non the ferromagnetic phase transition in the model. For a broad range of\nparameters critical temperatures for the first- or second-order ferromagnetic\ntransition predicted by the homogeneous pair approximation show quantitative\nagreement with those obtained from Monte Carlo simulations; significant\ndifferences occur mainly in the vicinity of the tricritical point in which the\ncritical lines for the second-order ferromagnetic and spin-glass-like\ntransitions meet."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of large currents in the Kipnis-Marchioro-Presutti model in a\n  ring geometry: We use the macroscopic fluctuation theory to determine the statistics of\nlarge currents in the Kipnis-Marchioro-Presutti (KMP) model in a ring geometry.\nAbout 10 years ago this simple setting was instrumental in identifying a\nbreakdown of the additivity principle in a class of lattice gases at currents\nexceeding a critical value. Building on earlier work, we assume that, for\nsupercritical currents, the optimal density profile, conditioned on the given\ncurrent, has the form of a traveling wave (TW). For the KMP model we find this\nTW analytically, in terms of elliptic functions, for any supercritical current\n$I$. Using this TW solution, we evaluate, up to a pre-exponential factor, the\nprobability distribution $P(I)$. We obtain simple asymptotics of the TW and of\n$P(I)$ for currents close to the critical current, and for currents much larger\nthan the critical current. In the latter case we show that $-\\ln P (I) \\sim\nI\\ln I$, whereas the optimal density profile acquires a soliton-like shape. Our\nanalytic results are in a very good agreement with Monte-Carlo simulations and\nnumerical solutions of Hurtado and Garrido (2011).",
        "positive": "Kinetics of the long-range spherical model: The kinetic spherical model with long-range interactions is studied after a\nquench to $T < T_c$ or to $T = T_c$. For the two-time response and correlation\nfunctions of the order-parameter as well as for composite fields such as the\nenergy density, the ageing exponents and the corresponding scaling functions\nare derived. The results are compared to the predictions which follow from\nlocal scale-invariance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mechanisms of evolution of avalanches in regular graphs: A mapping of avalanches occurring in the zero-temperature random-field Ising\nmodel (zt-RFIM) to life-periods of a population experiencing immigration is\nestablished. Such a mapping allows the microscopic criteria for occurrence of\nan infinite avalanche in a q-regular graph to be determined. A key factor for\nan avalanche of spin flips to become infinite is that it interacts in an\noptimal way with previously flipped spins. Based on these criteria, we explain\nwhy an infinite avalanche can occur in q-regular graphs only for q>3, and\nsuggest that this criterion might be relevant for other systems. The generating\nfunction techniques developed for branching processes are applied to obtain\nanalytical expressions for the duration, pulse-shapes and power spectrum of the\navalanches. The results show that only very long avalanches exhibit a\nsignificant degree of universality.",
        "positive": "Pairing Instability and Mechanical Collapse of a Bose Gas with an\n  Attractive Interaction: We study the pairing instability and mechanical collapse of a dilute\nhomogeneous bose gas with an attractive interaction. The pairing phase is found\nto be a saddle point, unstable against pairing fluctuations. This pairing\nsaddle point exists above a critical temperature. Below this critical\ntemperature, the system is totally unstable in the pairing channel. Thus the\nsystem could collapse in the pairing channel in addition to mechanical\ncollapse. The critical temperatures of pairing instability and mechanical\ncollapse are higher than the BEC temperature of an ideal bose gas with the same\ndensity. When fluctuations are taken into account, we find that the critical\ntemperature of mechanical collapse is even higher. The difference between the\ncollapse temperature and the BEC temperature is proportional to\n$(n|a_s|^3)^{2/9}$, where $n$ is the density and $a_s$ is the scattering\nlength."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Classical Nernst Engine: We introduce a simple model for an engine based on the Nernst effect. In the\npresence of a magnetic field, a vertical heat current can drive a horizontal\nparticle current against a chemical potential. For a microscopic model invoking\nclassical particle trajectories subject to the Lorentz force, we prove a\nuniversal bound 3-2*sqrt(2) simeq 0.172 for the ratio between maximum\nefficiency and Carnot efficiency. This bound, as the slightly lower one 1/6 for\nefficiency at maximum power, can indeed be saturated for large magnetic field\nand small fugacity irrespective of the aspect ratio.",
        "positive": "Contact process with sublattice symmetry breaking: We study a contact process with creation at first- and second-neighbor sites\nand inhibition at first neighbors, in the form of an annihilation rate that\nincreases with the number of occupied first neighbors. Mean-field theory\npredicts three phases: inactive (absorbing), active symmetric, and active\nasymmetric, the latter exhibiting distinct sublattice densities on a bipartite\nlattice. These phases are separated by continuous transitions; the phase\ndiagram is reentrant. Monte Carlo simulations in two dimensions verify these\npredictions qualitatively, except for a first-neighbor creation rate of zero.\n(In the latter case one of the phase transitions is discontinuous.) Our\nnumerical results confirm that the symmetric-asymmetric transition belongs to\nthe Ising universality class, and that the active-absorbing transition belongs\nto the directed percolation class, as expected from symmetry considerations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficient Monte Carlo Simulation Methods in Statistical Physics: The basic problem in equilibrium statistical mechanics is to compute phase\nspace average, in which Monte Carlo method plays a very important role. We\nbegin with a review of nonlocal algorithms for Markov chain Monte Carlo\nsimulation in statistical physics. We discuss their advantages, applications,\nand some challenge problems which are still awaiting for better solutions. We\ndiscuss some of the recent development in simulation where reweighting is used,\nsuch as histogram methods and multicanonical method. We then discuss the\ntransition matrix Monte Carlo method and associated algorithms. The transition\nmatrix method offers an efficient way to compute the density of states. Thus\nentropy and free energy, as well as the usual thermodynamic averages, are\nobtained as functions of model parameter (e.g. temperature) in a single run.\nNew sampling algorithms, such as the flat histogram algorithm and equal-hit\nalgorithm, offer sampling techniques which generate uniform probability\ndistribution for some chosen macroscopic variable.",
        "positive": "Short-time dynamics of the positional order of the two-dimensional hard\n  disk system: We investigate the positional order of the two-dimensional hard disk model\nwith short-time dynamics and equilibrium simulations. The melting density and\nthe critical exponents z and eta are determined. Our results rule out a phase\ntransition as predicted by the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young theory\nas well as a first-order transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium via multi-spin-flip Glauber dynamics in Ising Model: Notwithstanding great strides that statistical mechanics has made in recent\ndecades, an analytic solution of arguably the simplest model of relaxation\ndynamics, the Ising model in an applied external field remains elusive even in\n$1d$. Extant studies are based on numerics using single-spin-flip Glauber\ndynamics. There is no reason why this algorithm should lead to the global\nminimum energy state of the system. With this in mind, we explore\nmulti-spin-flip parallel and sequential Glauber dynamics of Ising spins in $1d$\nand also on a regular random graph of coordination number $z=3$. We view our\nstudy as a small initial step to test the generally implied hypothesis that the\nequilibrium is independent of the relaxational dynamics or if it carries some\nsignature of it.",
        "positive": "Toward a new foundation of statistical thermodynamics: We propose a new approach concerning the introduction of time-irreversibility\nin statistical mechanics. It is based on a transition function defined in terms\nof path integral and verifying a time-irreversible equation. We show first how\ndynamic processes may enter in the description of equilibrium states. In order\nto do that a characteristic time is associated with closed paths. For large\nisolated systems at equilibrium or for systems in contact with a thermostat our\nresults are identical with those obtained with the Gibbs ensemble methods. For\na model used in the microscopic approaches of the brownian motion no new basic\nassumption is required to predict a transition from a quantum state to a\nclassical one exhibiting a time-irreversible behavior. This demonstration is\nsufficient to show that very well accepted approximations can lead to\ntime-irreversible behaviors for a large class of systems. The difference\nbetween our work and the system+reservoir approaches is underlined. Here\nequilibrium states and irreversible processes are described on the same footing\nrepresenting a progress in the question of time-irreversibility in statistical\nphysics. The transition function is also used for describing a small system for\nwhich there is no thermodynamics. By adding to the transition function a second\none characterizing the reverse motion we may describe time-reversible systems.\nIn a simple case we replace two real valued transition functions by a complex\nfunction verifying a Schrodinger like equation. From this we see how to break\nthe time-reversibility of this equation and how to investigate the connection\nquantum mechanics-thermodynamics from a very fundamental point of view."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Cost for Classical Counterdiabatic Driving: Motivated by the recent growing interest about the thermodynamic cost of\nShortcuts to Adiabaticity (STA), we consider the cost of driving a classical\nsystem by the so-called Counterdiabatic Driving (CD). To do so, we proceed in\nthree steps: first we review a general definition recently put forward in the\nliterature for the thermodynamic cost of driving a Hamiltonian system; then we\nprovide a new complementary definition of cost, which is of particular\nrelevance for cases where the average excess work vanishes; finally, we apply\nour general framework to the case of CD. Interestingly, we find that in such\ncase our results are the exact classical counterparts of those reported in Funo\net al. PRL, 118(10):100602, 2017. In particular we show that a universal\ntrade-off between speed and cost for CD also exists in the classical case. To\nillustrate our points we consider the example of a time-dependent harmonic\noscillator subject to different strategies of adiabatic control.",
        "positive": "Frustrated Ising model on the garnet lattice: We investigate a frustrated Ising spin system on the garnet lattice composed\nof a specific network of corner-sharing triangles. By means of Monte Carlo\nsimulations with the heat bath algorithm, we discuss the magnetic properties at\nfinite temperatures. It is shown that the garnet spin system with the\nnearest-neighbor couplings does not exhibit any magnetic transitions, yielding\nthe large residual entropy at zero temperature. We also investigate the effect\nof the long-range dipolar interaction systematically to determine the phase\ndiagram of the Ising model on the garnet lattice. We find that there appear a\nvariety of distinct phases depending on the cutoff length of the long-range\ninteraction, in contrast to the pyrochlore spin-ice systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Near-equilibrium measurements of nonequilibrium free energy: A central endeavor of thermodynamics is the measurement of free energy\nchanges. Regrettably, although we can measure the free energy of a system in\nthermodynamic equilibrium, typically all we can say about the free energy of a\nnon-equilibrium ensemble is that it is larger than that of the same system at\nequilibrium. Herein, we derive a formally exact expression for the probability\ndistribution of a driven system, which involves path ensemble averages of the\nwork over trajectories of the time-reversed system. From this we find a simple\nnear-equilibrium approximation for the free energy in terms of an excess mean\ntime-reversed work, which can be experimentally measured on real systems. With\nanalysis and computer simulation, we demonstrate the accuracy of our\napproximations for several simple models.",
        "positive": "Stabilisation of the lattice-Boltzmann method using the Ehrenfests'\n  coarse-graining: The lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM) and its variants have emerged as\npromising, computationally efficient and increasingly popular numerical methods\nfor modelling complex fluid flow. However, it is acknowledged that the method\ncan demonstrate numerical instabilities, e.g., in the vicinity of shocks. We\npropose a simple and novel technique to stabilise the lattice-Boltzmann method\nby monitoring the difference between microscopic and macroscopic entropy.\nPopulations are returned to their equilibrium states if a threshold value is\nexceeded. We coin the name Ehrenfests' steps for this procedure in homage to\nthe vehicle that we use to introduce the procedure, namely, the Ehrenfests'\nidea of coarse-graining. The one-dimensional shock tube for a compressible\nisothermal fluid is a standard benchmark test for hydrodynamic codes. We\nobserve that, of all the LBMs considered in the numerical experiment with the\none-dimensional shock tube, only the method which includes Ehrenfests' steps is\ncapable of suppressing spurious post-shock oscillations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spontaneous synchronization of coupled oscillator systems with frequency\n  adaptation: We study the synchronization of Kuramoto oscillators with all-to-all coupling\nin the presence of slow, noisy frequency adaptation. In this paper we develop a\nnew model for oscillators which adapt both their phases and frequencies. It is\nfound that this model naturally reproduces some observed phenomena that are not\nqualitatively produced by the standard Kuramoto model, such as long waiting\ntimes before the synchronization of clapping audiences. By assuming a\nself-consistent steady state solution, we find three stability regimes for the\ncoupling constant k, separated by critical points k1 and k2: (i) for k<k1, only\nthe stable incoherent state exists; (ii) for k>k2, the incoherent state becomes\nunstable and only the synchronized state exists; (iii) for k1<k<k2, both the\nincoherent and synchronized states are stable. In the bistable regime\nspontaneous transitions between the incoherent and synchronized states are\nobserved for finite ensembles. These transitions are well described as a\nstochastic process on the order parameter r undergoing fluctuations due to the\nsystem's finite size, leading to the following conclusions: (a) in the bistable\nregime, the average waiting time of an incoherent-to-coherent transition can be\npredicted by using Kramer's escape time formula and grows exponentially with\nthe number of oscillators; (b) when the incoherent state is unstable (k>k2),\nthe average waiting time grows logarithmically with the number of oscillators.",
        "positive": "A quantitative model of trading and price formation in financial markets: We use standard physics techniques to model trading and price formation in a\nmarket under the assumption that order arrival and cancellations are Poisson\nrandom processes. This model makes testable predictions for the most basic\nproperties of a market, such as the diffusion rate of prices, which is the\nstandard measure of financial risk, and the spread and price impact functions,\nwhich are the main determinants of transaction cost. Guided by dimensional\nanalysis, simulation, and mean field theory, we find scaling relations in terms\nof order flow rates. We show that even under completely random order flow the\nneed to store supply and demand to facilitate trading induces anomalous\ndiffusion and temporal structure in prices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Average Trapping time on the 3-dimensional 3-level Sierpinski gasket\n  network with a set of trap nodes: As a basic dynamic feature on complex networks, the property of random walk\nhas received a lot of attention in recent years. In this paper, we first\nstudied the analytical expression of the mean global first passage time (MGFPT)\non the 3-dimensional 3-level Sierpinski gasket network. Based on the\nself-similar structure of the network, the correlation between the MGFPT and\nthe average trapping time (ATT) is found, and then the analytical expression of\nthe ATT is obtained. Finally, by establishing a joint network model, we further\ngive the standard process of solving the analytical expression of the ATT when\nthere is a set of trap nodes in the network. By illustrating examples and\nnumerical simulations, it can be proved that when the trap node sets are\ndifferent, the ATT will be quite different, but the the super-linear\nrelationship with the number of iterations will not be changed.",
        "positive": "Boundary conditions dependence of the phase transition in the quantum\n  Newman-Moore model: We study the triangular plaquette model (TPM, also known as the Newman-Moore\nmodel) in the presence of a transverse magnetic field on a lattice with\nperiodic boundaries in both spatial dimensions. We consider specifically the\napproach to the ground state phase transition of this quantum TPM (QTPM, or\nquantum Newman-Moore model) as a function of the system size and type of\nboundary conditions. Using cellular automata methods, we obtain a full\ncharacterization of the minimum energy configurations of the TPM for arbitrary\ntori sizes. For the QTPM, we use these cycle patterns to obtain the symmetries\nof the model, which we argue determine its quantum phase transition: we find it\nto be a first-order phase transition, with the addition of spontaneous symmetry\nbreaking for system sizes which have degenerate classical ground states. For\nsizes accessible to numerics, we also find that this classification is\nconsistent with exact diagonalization, Matrix Product States and Quantum Monte\nCarlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Worm Algorithm for Continuous-space Path Integral Monte Carlo\n  Simulations: We present a new approach to path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations\nbased on the worm algorithm, originally developed for lattice models and\nextended here to continuous-space many-body systems. The scheme allows for\nefficient computation of thermodynamic properties, including winding numbers\nand off-diagonal correlations, for systems of much greater size than that\naccessible to conventional PIMC. As an illustrative application of the method,\nwe simulate the superfluid transition of Helium-four in two dimensions.",
        "positive": "Diverging, but negligible power at Carnot efficiency: theory and\n  experiment: We discuss the possibility of reaching the Carnot efficiency by heat engines\n(HEs) out of quasi-static conditions at nonzero power output. We focus on\nseveral models widely used to describe the performance of actual HEs. These\nmodels comprise quantum thermoelectric devices, linear irreversible HEs,\nminimally nonlinear irreversible HEs, HEs working in the regime of low\ndissipation, over-damped stochastic HEs and an under-damped stochastic HE.\nAlthough some of these HEs can reach the Carnot efficiency at nonzero and even\ndiverging power, the magnitude of this power is always negligible compared to\nthe maximum power attainable in these systems. We provide conditions for\nattaining the Carnot efficiency in the individual models and explain practical\naspects connected with reaching the Carnot efficiency at large power output.\nFurthermore, we show how our findings can be tested in practice using a\nstandard Brownian HE realizable with available micromanipulation techniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium tube length fluctuations of entangled polymers: We investigate the nonequilibrium tube length fluctuations during the\nrelaxation of an initially stretched, entangled polymer chain. The\ntime-dependent variance $\\sigma^2$ of the tube length follows in the early-time\nregime a simple universal power law $\\sigma^2 = A \\sqrt{t}$ originating in the\ndiffusive motion of the polymer segments. The amplitude $A$ is calculated\nanalytically both from standard reptation theory and from an exactly solvable\nlattice gas model for reptation and its dependence on the initial and\nequilibrium tube length respectively is discussed. The non-universality\nsuggests the measurement of the fluctuations (e.g. using flourescence\nmicroscopy) as a test for reptation models.",
        "positive": "3D-2D transition in mode-I fracture microbranching in a perturbed\n  hexagonal close-packed lattice: Mode-I fracture exhibits microbranching in the high velocity regime where the\nsimple straight crack is unstable. For velocities below the instability,\nclassic modeling using linear elasticity is valid. However, showing the\nexistence of the instability and calculating the dynamics post-instability\nwithin the linear elastic framework is difficult and controversial. The\nexperimental results give several indications that the microbranching\nphenomenon is basically a three-dimensional phenomenon. Nevertheless, the\ntheoretical effort has been focused mostly in two-dimensional modeling. In this\nwork we study the microbranching instability using three-dimensional atomistic\nsimulations, exploring the difference between the 2D and 3D models. We find\nthat the basic 3D fracture pattern shares similar behavior with the 2D case.\nNevertheless, we exhibit a clear 3D-2D transition as the crack velocity\nincreases, while as long as the microbranches are sufficiently small, the\nbehavior is pure 3D-behavior, while at large driving, as the size of the\nmicrobranches increases, more 2D-like behavior is exhibited. In addition, in 3D\nsimulations, the quantitative features of the microbranches, separating the\nregimes of steady-state cracks (mirror) and post-instability (mist-hackle) are\nreproduced clearly, consistent with the experimental findings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The origin of normal heat conduction in one-dimensional classics system: We propose a new one-dimensional lattice model with strong asymmetric\ninteraction potential and investigate heat conduction in this model\nnumerically. We find that Fourier law is obeyed. Based on the phonon theory, we\nfind a new scattering mechanism of phonon because of the breaking of the\nlattice segment. It is shown that in most of scattering process in this model\nmomentum is destroyed as well as the Umklapp phonon-phonon scattering process\nwhich leads to the normal heat conduction. At last, we extend our analysis to\nthe same class model with asymmetry interaction potential and get a general\nconclusion.",
        "positive": "Exact solution of the Nonconsensus Opinion Model on the line: The nonconcensus opinion model (NCO) introduced recently by Shao et al.,\n[Phys. Rev. Lett.103, 018701 (2009)] is solved exactly on the line. Although,\nas expected, the model exhibits no phase transition in one dimension, its study\nis interesting because of the connection with invasion percolation with\ntrapping. The system evolves exponentially fast to the steady-state, rapidly\ndeveloping long-range correlations: The average cluster size in the steady\nstate scales as the square of the initial cluster size, of the (uncorrelated)\ninitial state. We also discuss briefly the NCO model on Bethe lattices, arguing\nthat its phase transition diagram is different than that of regular\npercolation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First Passage Distributions in a Collective Model of Anomalous Diffusion\n  with Tunable Exponent: We consider a model system in which anomalous diffusion is generated by\nsuperposition of underlying linear modes with a broad range of relaxation\ntimes. In the language of Gaussian polymers, our model corresponds to Rouse\n(Fourier) modes whose friction coefficients scale as wavenumber to the power\n$2-z$. A single (tagged) monomer then executes subdiffusion over a broad range\nof time scales, and its mean square displacement increases as $t^\\alpha$ with\n$\\alpha=1/z$. To demonstrate non-trivial aspects of the model, we numerically\nstudy the absorption of the tagged particle in one dimension near an absorbing\nboundary or in the interval between two such boundaries. We obtain absorption\nprobability densities as a function of time, as well as the position-dependent\ndistribution for unabsorbed particles, at several values of $\\alpha$. Each of\nthese properties has features characterized by exponents that depend on\n$\\alpha$. Characteristic distributions found for different values of $\\alpha$\nhave similar qualitative features, but are not simply related quantitatively.\nComparison of the motion of translocation coordinate of a polymer moving\nthrough a pore in a membrane with the diffusing tagged monomer with identical\n$\\alpha$ also reveals quantitative differences.",
        "positive": "Universal thermodynamic bounds on nonequilibrium response with\n  biochemical applications: Diverse physical systems are characterized by their response to small\nperturbations. Near thermodynamic equilibrium, the fluctuation-dissipation\ntheorem provides a powerful theoretical and experimental tool to determine the\nnature of response by observing spontaneous equilibrium fluctuations. In this\nspirit, we derive here a collection of equalities and inequalities valid\narbitrarily far from equilibrium that constrain the response of nonequilibrium\nsteady states in terms of the strength of nonequilibrium driving. Our work\nopens new avenues for characterizing nonequilibrium response. As illustrations,\nwe show how our results rationalize the energetic requirements of two common\nbiochemical motifs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover from low-temperature to high-temperature fluctuations. II.\n  Nonuniversal thermodynamic Casimir forces of anisotropic systems: The finite-size renormalization-group approach for isotropic O$(n)$-symmetric\nsystems introduced previously [V. Dohm, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 110}, 107207\n(2013)] is extended to weakly anisotropic O$(n)$-symmetric systems. Our theory\nis formulated within the $\\varphi^4$ model with lattice anisotropy in a\n$d$-dimensional block geometry with periodic boundary conditions. It describes\nthe crossover from low- to high-temperature fluctuations including\nGoldstone-dominated and critical fluctuations for $1\\leq n \\leq \\infty$ in\n$2<d<4$ dimensions. An exact representation is derived for the large-distance\nbehavior of the bulk correlation function of anisotropic systems in terms of\nthe principal correlation lengths and an anisotropy matrix ${\\bf \\bar A}$. This\nincludes the long-ranged correlations with an anisotropic algebraic decay at\nlow temperatures due to the Goldstone modes for $n>1$. We calculate the\nfinite-size scaling functions of the excess free energy and thermodynamic\nCasimir force. Exact results are derived in the large-$n$ limit. Applications\nare given for $L_\\parallel^{d-1} \\times L$ slab geometries with a finite aspect\nratio $\\rho=L/L_\\parallel$ as well as for the film limit $\\rho \\to 0$. For\nweakly anisotropic systems two-scale-factor universality is replaced by\nmultiparameter universality. This implies a substantial reduction of the\npredictive power of bulk and finite-size theory for anisotropic systems as\ncompared to isotropic systems. The validity of multiparameter universality is\nconfirmed analytically for a nontrivial example of the $d=2,n=1$ universality\nclass. Anisotropy-dependent minima of the Casimir force scaling function are\nfound below $T_c$. Both the sign and magnitude of the Casimir amplitude in the\nGoldstone and critical regimes are affected by the lattice anisotropy.\nQuantitative predictions are made that can be tested by Monte Carlo\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Anomalous Spreading of Power-Law Quantum Wave Packets: We introduce power-law tail quantum wave packets. We show that they can be\nseen as eigenfunctions of a Hamiltonian with a physical potential. We prove\nthat the free evolution of these packets presents an asymptotic decay of the\nmaximum of the wave packets which is anomalous for an interval of the\ncharacterizing power-law exponent. We also prove that the number of finite\nmoments of the wave packets is a conserved quantity during the evolution of the\nwave packet in the free space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stationary State Fluctuation Theorems for Driven Langevin Systems: Recent results on the stationary state Fluctuation Theorems for work and heat\nfluctuations of Langevin systems are presented. The relevance of finite time\ncorrections in understanding experimental and simulation results is explained\nin the context of an exactly solvable model, namely a Brownian particle in a\nharmonic potential, which is dragged through the surrounding fluid. In this\nmodel, work fluctuations obey the conventional form of the fluctuation theorem\nwhile heat fluctuations satisfy an extended form. The connection with other\nwork in recent literature is pointed out, and further generalizations are\nsuggested.",
        "positive": "Density and Pair Correlation Function of Confined Identical Particles:\n  the Bose-Einstein Case: Two basic correlation functions are calculated for a model of $N$\nharmonically interacting identical particles in a parabolic potential well. The\ndensity and the pair correlation function of the model are investigated for the\nboson case. The dependence of these static response properties on the complete\nrange of the temperature and of the number of particles is obtained. The\ncalculation technique is based on the path integral approach of symmetrized\ndensity matrices for identical particles in a parabolic confining well."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unusual field-induced transitions in exactly solved mixed spin-(1/2,1)\n  Ising chain with axial and rhombic zero-field splitting parameters: The mixed spin-(1/2,1) Ising chain with axial and rhombic zero-field\nsplitting parameters in a presence of the longitudinal magnetic field is\nexactly solved within the framework of decoration-iteration transformation and\ntransfer-matrix method. Our particular emphasis is laid on an investigation of\nthe influence of the rhombic term, which is responsible for an onset of quantum\nentanglement between two magnetic states S_k^z = 1 and -1 of the spin-1 atoms.\nIt is shown that the rhombic term gradually destroys a classical ferrimagnetic\norder in the ground state and simultaneously causes diversity in magnetization\ncurves including intermediate plateau regions, regions with a continuous change\nin the magnetization as well as several unusual field-induced transitions\naccompanied with magnetization jumps. Another interesting findings concern with\nan appearance of the round minimum in the temperature dependence of\nsusceptibility times temperature data, the double-peak zero-field specific heat\ncurves and the enhanced magnetocaloric effect. The temperature dependence of\nthe specific heat with three separate maxima may also be detected when driving\nthe system through the axial and rhombic zero-field splitting parameters close\nenough to a phase boundary between the ferrimagnetic and disordered states and\napplying sufficiently small longitudinal magnetic field.",
        "positive": "Complex matter field universal models with optimal scaling for solving\n  combinatorial optimization problems: We develop a universal model based on the classical complex matter fields\nthat allow the optimal mapping of many real-life NP-hard combinatorial\noptimisation problems into the problem of minimising a spin Hamiltonian. We\nexplicitly formulate one-to-one mapping for three famous problems: graph\ncolouring, the travelling salesman, and the modular N-queens problem. We show\nthat such a formulation allows for several orders of magnitude improvement in\nthe search for the global minimum compared to the standard Ising formulation.\nAt the same time, the amplitude dynamics escape from the local minima."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat and Fluctuations from Order to Chaos: The Heat theorem reveals the second law of equilibrium Thermodynamics\n(i.e.existence of Entropy) as a manifestation of a general property of\nHamiltonian Mechanics and of the Ergodic Hypothesis, valid for 1 as well as\n$10^{23}$ degrees of freedom systems, {\\it i.e.} for simple as well as very\ncomplex systems, and reflecting the Hamiltonian nature of the microscopic\nmotion. In Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics theorems of comparable generality do\nnot seem to be available. Yet it is possible to find general, model\nindependent, properties valid even for simple chaotic systems ({\\it i.e.} the\nhyperbolic ones), which acquire special interest for large systems: the Chaotic\nHypothesis leads to the Fluctuation Theorem which provides general properties\nof certain very large fluctuations and reflects the time-reversal symmetry.\nImplications on Fluids and Quantum systems are briefly hinted. The physical\nmeaning of the Chaotic Hypothesis, of SRB distributions and of the Fluctuation\nTheorem is discussed in the context of their interpretation and relevance in\nterms of Coarse Grained Partitions of phase space. This review is written\ntaking some care that each section and appendix is readable either\nindependently of the rest or with only few cross references.",
        "positive": "Levy-flight spreading of epidemic processes leading to percolating\n  clusters: We consider two stochastic processes, the Gribov process and the general\nepidemic process, that describe the spreading of an infectious disease. In\ncontrast to the usually assumed case of short-range infections that lead, at\nthe critical point, to directed and isotropic percolation respectively, we\nconsider long-range infections with a probability distribution decaying in d\ndimensions with the distance as 1/R^{d+\\sigma}. By means of Wilson's momentum\nshell renormalization-group recursion relations, the critical exponents\ncharacterizing the growing fractal clusters are calculated to first order in an\n\\epsilon-expansion. It is shown that the long-range critical behavior changes\ncontinuously to its short-range counterpart for a decay exponent of the\ninfection \\sigma =\\sigma_c>2."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Toy model for the mean-field theory of hard-sphere liquids: We investigate a toy model of liquid, based on simplified HNC equations in\nvery large spatial dimension D. The model does not exhibit a phase transition,\nbut several regimes of the behavior when D\\to\\infty can be observed in\ndifferent intervals of the density.",
        "positive": "Iterative classical superadiabatic algorithm for combinatorial\n  optimization: We consider a classical and superadiabatic version of an iterative quantum\nadiabatic algorithm to solve combinatorial optimization problems. This\nalgorithm is deterministic because it is based on purely classical dynamics,\nthat is, it does not rely on any stochastic approach to mimic quantum dynamics.\nMoreover, use of shortcuts to adiabaticity makes the algorithm independent of\nthe annealing time. We apply this algorithm to a certain class of hard\ninstances of the 3-SAT problem. We find that more than 90\\% of such 64-bits\nhard instances can be resolved by a few iteration. Our approach can also be\nused to analyze properties of instances themselves apart from stochastic\nuncertainty and shortage of adiabaticity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Signatures of glass formation in a fluidized bed of hard spheres: We demonstrate that a fluidized bed of hard spheres during defluidization\ndisplays properties associated with formation of a glass. The final state is\nrate dependent, and as this state is approached, the bed exhibits heterogeneity\nwith increasing time and length scales. The formation of a glass results in the\nloss of fluidization and an arrest of macroscopic particle motion. Microscopic\nmotion persists in this state, but the bed can be jammed by application of a\nsmall increase in flow rate. Thus a fluidized bed can serve as a test system\nfor studies of glass formation and jamming.",
        "positive": "Origins of Hydrodynamics for a Granular Gas: The basis for a hydrodynamic description of granular gases is discussed for a\nlow density gas of smooth, inelastic hard spheres. The more fundamental\nmesoscopic description is taken to be the nonlinear Boltzmann kinetic equation.\nTwo arguments are presented in favor of a hydrodynamics for granular gases. The\nfirst one is the concept of a \"normal\" solution and its explicit approximate\nconstruction via the Chapman-Enskog method. The second is the demonstration of\nhydrodynamic modes in the spectrum of the generator for the dynamics of small\nspatial perturbations of the homogeneous reference state. In the first case, a\nderivation of the nonlinear hydrodynamic equations is given to Navier-Stokes\norder, with explicit expressions for the transport coefficients. The approach\nis formal and the context of the derivation is left unspecified, although\ninternal mathematically consistency is demonstrated. The second method is more\nrestricted, leading only to linearized hydrodynamics, but with the potential to\ndefine more sharply the context of hydrodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A model for complex aftershock sequences: The decay rate of aftershocks is commonly very well described by the modified\nOmori law, $n(t) \\propto t^{-p}$, where n(t) is the number of aftershocks per\nunit time, t is the time after the main shock, and p is a constant in the range\n0.9<p<1.5, and usually close to 1. But there are also more complex aftershock\nsequences for which the Omori law can be considered only as a first\napproximation. One of these complex aftershock sequences took place in the\nEastern Pyrenees on February 18, 1996, and was described in detail by {\\it\nCorreig et al.} [1997]. In this paper, we propose a new model inspired by\ndynamic fiber-bundle models to interpret this type of complex aftershock\nsequences with sudden increases in the rate of aftershock production not\ndirectly related to the magnitude of the aftershocks (as in the epidemic-type\naftershock sequences). The model is a simple, discrete, stochastic fracture\nmodel where the elements (asperities or barriers) break because of static\nfatigue, transfer stress according to a local load-sharing rule and then are\nregenerated. We find a very good agreement between the model and the Eastern\nPyrenees aftershock sequence and we propose that the key mechanism for\nexplaining aftershocks, apart from a time-dependent rock strength, is the\npresence of dynamic stress fluctuations which constantly reset the initial\nconditions for the next aftershock in the sequence.",
        "positive": "Diagonalization of 2-D inhomogeneous model related to the Hubbard model: We found the eigenvalues of the transfer matrix for the 2-D inhomogeneous\nstatistical model with twisted boundary condition by using the analytic Bethe\nAnsatz method. In the uniform case, the derived hamiltonian generalizes the 1-D\nHubbard model with the twisted boundary. We also give the energy spectra for\nthe derived hamiltonian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transition Phenomena Induced by Internal Noise and Quasi-absorbing State: We study a simple chemical reaction system and effects of the internal noise.\nThe chemical reaction system causes the same transition phenomenon discussed by\nTogashi and Kaneko [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 2459; J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 72\n(2003) 62]. By using the simpler model than Togashi-Kaneko's one, we discuss\nthe transition phenomenon by means of a random walk model and an effective\nmodel. The discussion makes it clear that quasi-absorbing states, which are\nproduced by the change of the strength of the internal noise, play an important\nrole in the transition phenomenon. Stabilizing the quasi-absorbing states\ncauses bifurcation of the peaks in the stationary probability distribution\ndiscontinuously.",
        "positive": "Theory of Disordered Itinerant Ferromagnets I: Metallic Phase: A comprehensive theory for electronic transport in itinerant ferromagnets is\ndeveloped. We first show that the Q-field theory used previously to describe a\ndisordered Fermi liquid also has a saddle-point solution that describes a\nferromagnet in a disordered Stoner approximation. We calculate transport\ncoefficients and thermodynamic susceptibilities by expanding about the saddle\npoint to Gaussian order. At this level, the theory generalizes previous\nRPA-type theories by including quenched disorder. We then study soft-mode\neffects in the ferromagnetic state in a one-loop approximation. In\nthree-dimensions, we find that the spin waves induce a square-root frequency\ndependence of the conductivity, but not of the density of states, that is\nqualitatively the same as the usual weak-localization effect induced by the\ndiffusive soft modes. In contrast to the weak-localization anomaly, this effect\npersists also at nonzero temperatures. In two-dimensions, however, the spin\nwaves do not lead to a logarithmic frequency dependence. This explains\nexperimental observations in thin ferromagnetic films, and it provides a basis\nfor the construction of a simple effective field theory for the transition from\na ferromagnetic metal to a ferromagnetic insulator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal transport in $T\\bar{T}$-deformed conformal field theories: from\n  integrability to holography: In this paper we consider the energy and momentum transport in\n(1+1)-dimension conformal field theories (CFTs) that are deformed by an\nirrelevant operator $T\\bar{T}$, using the integrability based generalized\nhydrodynamics, and holography. The two complementary methods allow us to study\nthe energy and momentum transport after the in-homogeneous quench, derive the\nexact non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) and calculate the Drude weights and\nthe diffusion constants. Our analysis reveals that all of these quantities\nsatisfy universal formulae regardless of the underlying CFT, thereby\ngeneralizing the universal formulae for these quantities in pure CFTs. As a\nsanity check, we also confirm that the exact momentum diffusion constant agrees\nwith the conformal perturbation. These fundamental physical insights have\nimportant consequences for our understanding of the $T\\bar{T}$-deformed CFTs.\nFirst of all, they provide the first check of the $T\\bar{T}$-deformed\n$\\mathrm{AdS}_3$/$\\mathrm{CFT}_2$ correspondence from the dynamical standpoint.\nAnd secondly, we are able to identify a remarkable connection between the\n$T\\bar{T}$-deformed CFTs and reversible cellular automata.",
        "positive": "Off-equilibrium dynamics in a singular diffusion model: We introduce a schematic non-linear diffusion model where density\nfluctuations induce a rich out of equilibrium dynamics. The properties of the\nmodel are studied by numerical simulations and analytically in a mean field\napproximation. At low temperatures and high densities we find a long\noff-equilibrium glassy region, where the system evolves out of an initially\npinned state showing aging and a slow decay of the autocorrelation as an\nenhanced power law, along with strong spatial heterogeneities and violation of\nthe fluctuation dissipation theorem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How does the relaxation of a supercooled liquid depend on its\n  microscopic dynamics?: Using molecular dynamics computer simulations we investigate how the\nrelaxation dynamics of a simple supercooled liquid with Newtonian dynamics\ndiffers from the one with a stochastic dynamics. We find that, apart from the\nearly beta-relaxation regime, the two dynamics give rise to the same relaxation\nbehavior. The increase of the relaxation times of the system upon cooling, the\ndetails of the alpha-relaxation, as well as the wave vector dependence of the\nEdwards-Anderson-parameters are independent of the microscopic dynamics.",
        "positive": "Line Shape Broadening in Surface Diffusion of Interacting Adsorbates\n  with Quasielastic He Atom Scattering: The experimental line shape broadening observed in adsorbate diffusion on\nmetal surfaces with increasing coverage is usually related to the nature of the\nadsorbate-adsorbate interaction. Here we show that this broadening can also be\nunderstood in terms of a fully stochastic model just considering two noise\nsources: (i) a Gaussian white noise accounting for the surface friction, and\n(ii) a shot noise replacing the physical adsorbate-adsorbate interaction\npotential. Furthermore, contrary to what could be expected, for relatively weak\nadsorbate-substrate interactions the opposite effect is predicted: line shapes\nget narrower with increasing coverage."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large-Distance Asymptotic Behavior of the Correlation Functions of 1D\n  Impenetrable Anyons at Finite Temperatures: The large-distance asymptotic behavior of the field-field correlators has\nbeen computed for one-dimensional impenetrable anyons at finite temperatures.\nThe asymptotic behavior agrees with the predictions of conformal field theory\nat low temperatures and reproduces the known results for impenetrable bosons\nand free fermions in appropriate limits. We have also obtained an integrable\nsystem of partial nonlinear differential equations which completely\ncharacterizes the 2-point correlation functions. The system is the same as for\nbosons but with different initial conditions.",
        "positive": "A Maxwell demon model connecting information and thermodynamics: In the past decade several theoretical Maxwell's demon models have been\nproposed exhibiting effects such as refrigerating, doing work at the cost of\ninformation, and some experiments have been done to realise these effects. Here\nwe propose a model with a two level demon, information represented by a\nsequence of bits, and two heat reservoirs. Which reservoir the demon interact\nwith depends on the bit. If information is pure, one reservoir will be\nrefrigerated, on the other hand, information can be erased if temperature\ndifference is large. Genuine examples of such a system are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mapping of uncertainty relations between continuous and discrete time: Lower bounds on fluctuations of thermodynamic currents depend on the nature\nof time: discrete or continuous. To understand the physical reason, we compare\ncurrent fluctuations in discrete-time Markov chains and continuous-time master\nequations. We prove that current fluctuations in the master equations are\nalways more likely, due to random timings of transitions. This comparison leads\nto a mapping of the moments of a current between discrete and continuous time.\nWe exploit this mapping to obtain new uncertainty bounds. Our results reduce\nthe quests for uncertainty bounds in discrete and continuous time to a single\nproblem.",
        "positive": "Boundary conditions in local electrostatics algorithms: We study the simulation of charged systems in the presence of general\nboundary conditions in a local Monte Carlo algorithm based on a constrained\nelectric field. We firstly show how to implement constant-potential, Dirichlet,\nboundary conditions by introducing extra Monte Carlo moves to the algorithm.\nSecondly, we show the interest of the algorithm for studying systems which\nrequire anisotropic electrostatic boundary conditions for simulating planar\ngeometries such as membranes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A facet is not an island: step-step interactions and the fluctuations of\n  the boundary of a crystal facet: In a recent paper [Ferrari et al., Phys. Rev. E 69, 035102(R) (2004)], the\nscaling law of the fluctuations of the step limiting a crystal facet has been\ncomputed as a function of the facet size. Ferrari et al. use rigorous, but\nphysically rather obscure, arguments. Approaching the problem from a different\nperspective, we rederive more transparently the scaling behavior of facet edge\nfluctuations as a function of time. Such behavior can be scrutinized with STM\nexperiments and with numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamics in lattice models with continuous non-Abelian symmetries: We develop a systematic effective field theory of hydrodynamics for many-body\nsystems on the lattice with global continuous non-Abelian symmetries. Models\nwith continuous non-Abelian symmetries are ubiquitous in physics, arising in\ndiverse settings ranging from hot nuclear matter to cold atomic gases and\nquantum spin chains. In every dimension and for every flavor symmetry group,\nthe low energy theory is a set of coupled noisy diffusion equations.\nIndependence of the physics on the choice of canonical or microcanonical\nensemble is manifest in our hydrodynamic expansion, even though the ensemble\nchoice causes an apparent shift in quasinormal mode spectra. We use our\nformalism to explain why flavor symmetry is qualitatively different from\nhydrodynamics with other non-Abelian conservation laws, including angular\nmomentum and charge multipoles. As a significant application of our framework,\nwe study spin and energy diffusion in classical one-dimensional SU(2)-invariant\nspin chains, including the Heisenberg model along with multiple\ngeneralizations. We argue based on both numerical simulations and our effective\nfield theory framework that non-integrable spin chains on a lattice exhibit\nconventional spin diffusion, in contrast to some recent predictions that\ndiffusion constants grow logarithmically at late times. We show that the\napparent enhancement of diffusion is due to slow equilibration caused by\n(non-Abelian) hydrodynamic fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tensor-Network Approaches to Counting Statistics for the Current in a\n  Boundary-Driven Diffusive System: We apply tensor networks to counting statistics for the stochastic particle\ntransport in an out-of-equilibrium diffusive system. This system is composed of\na one-dimensional channel in contact with two particle reservoirs at the ends.\nTwo tensor-network algorithms, namely, Density Matrix Renormalization Group\n(DMRG) and Time Evolving Block Decimation (TEBD), are respectively implemented.\nThe cumulant generating function for the current is numerically calculated and\nthen compared with the analytical solution. Excellent agreement is found,\nmanifesting the validity of these approaches in such an application. Moreover,\nthe fluctuation theorem for the current is shown to hold.",
        "positive": "The role of curvature in quantum statistical mechanics: In this manuscript, we calculate the scalar curvature of a two-dimensional\nthermodynamic space to study the properties of two thermodynamic systems. In\nparticular, we study the stability and possible anyonic behavior of quantum\ngroup invariant systems and systems with fractal distribution functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Continuous Time Random Walk with time-dependent jump probability : A\n  Direct Probabilistic Approach: We investigate the dynamics of a particle executing a general Continuous Time\nRandom Walk (CTRW) in three dimensions under the influence of arbitrary\ntime-varying external fields. Contrary to the general approach in recent works,\nour method invokes neither the Fractional Fokker-Planck equation (FFPE) nor the\nStochastic Langevin Equation (SLE). Rather, we use rigorous probability\narguments to derive the general expression for moments of all orders of the\nposition probability density of the random walker for arbitrary waiting time\ndensity and jump probability density. Closed form expression for the position\nprobability density is derived for the memoryless condition. For the special\ncase of CTRW on a one-dimensional lattice with nearest neighbour jumps, our\nequations confirm the phenomena of \"death of linear response\" and\n\"field-induced dispersion\" for sub-diffusion pointed out in [I. M. Sokolov and\nJ. Klafter, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 97}, 140602 (2006)]. However, our analysis\nproduces additional terms in the expressions for higher moments, which have\nnon-trivial consequences. We show that the disappearance of these terms result\nfrom the approximation involved in taking the continuum limit to derive the\ngeneralized Fokker-Planck equation. This establishes the incompleteness of the\nFFPE formulation, especially in predicting the higher moments. We also discuss\nhow different predictions of the model alter if we allow jumps beyond nearest\nneighbours and possible circumstances where this becomes relevant.",
        "positive": "Phase equilibrium of liquid water and hexagonal ice from enhanced\n  sampling molecular dynamics simulations: We study the phase equilibrium between liquid water and ice Ih modeled by the\nTIP4P/Ice interatomic potential using enhanced sampling molecular dynamics\nsimulations. Our approach is based on the calculation of ice Ih-liquid free\nenergy differences from simulations that visit reversibly both phases. The\nreversible interconversion is achieved by introducing a static bias potential\nas a function of an order parameter. The order parameter was tailored to\ncrystallize the hexagonal diamond structure of oxygen in ice Ih. We analyze the\neffect of the system size on the ice Ih-liquid free energy differences and we\nobtain a melting temperature of 270 K in the thermodynamic limit. This result\nis in agreement with estimates from thermodynamic integration (272 K) and\ncoexistence simulations (270 K). Since the order parameter does not include\ninformation about the coordinates of the protons, the spontaneously formed\nsolid configurations contain proton disorder as expected for ice Ih."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality of efficiency at maximum power: We investigate the efficiency of power generation by thermo-chemical engines.\nFor strong coupling between the particle and heat flows and in the presence of\na left-right symmetry in the system, we demonstrate that the efficiency at\nmaximum power displays universality up to quadratic order in the deviation from\nequilibrium. A maser model is presented to illustrate our argument.",
        "positive": "Numerical study of Schramm-Loewner Evolution in the random 3-state Potts\n  model: We have numerically studied the properties of the interface induced in the\nferromagnetic random-bond three-state Potts model by symmetry-breaking boundary\nconditions. The fractal dimension $d_f$ of the interface was determined. The\ncorresponding SLE parameter $\\kappa$ was estimated to be $\\kappa\\simeq\n3.18(6)$, compatible with previous estimate. On the other hand, we estimated\n$\\kappa$ independently from the probability of passage of the interface at the\nleft of a given point. The numerical data are well reproduced by the Schramm\ntheoretical prediction and the fit leads to $\\kappa\\simeq 3.245(10)$, in\nagreement with the first estimate. This provides evidences that the geometric\nproperties of spin interfaces in the random 3-state Potts model may be\ndescribed by chordal ${\\rm SLE}_\\kappa$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral dimension of trees with a unique infinite spine: Using generating functions techniques we develop a relation between the\nHausdorff and spectral dimension of trees with a unique infinite spine.\nFurthermore, it is shown that if the outgrowths along the spine are independent\nand identically distributed, then both the Hausdorff and spectral dimension can\neasily be determined from the probability generating function of the random\nvariable describing the size of the outgrowths at a given vertex, provided that\nthe probability of the height of the outgrowths exceeding n falls off as the\ninverse of n. We apply this new method to both critical non-generic trees and\nthe attachment and grafting model, which is a special case of the vertex\nsplitting model, resulting in a simplified proof for the values of the\nHausdorff and spectral dimension for the former and novel results for the\nlatter.",
        "positive": "Restoring ergodicity in a strongly disordered interacting chain: We consider a chain of interacting fermions with random disorder that was\nintensively studied in the context of many-body localization. We show that only\na small fraction of the two-body interaction represents a true local\nperturbation to the Anderson insulator. While this true perturbation is nonzero\nat any finite disorder strength W, it decreases with increasing W. This\nestablishes a view that the strongly disordered system should be viewed as a\nweakly perturbed integrable model, i.e., a weakly perturbed Anderson insulator.\nAs a consequence, the latter can hardly be distinguished from a strictly\nintegrable system in finite-size calculations at large W. We then introduce a\nrescaled model in which the true perturbation is of the same order of magnitude\nas the other terms of the Hamiltonian, and show that the system remains ergodic\nat arbitrary large disorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Epidemics and percolation in small-world networks: We study some simple models of disease transmission on small-world networks,\nin which either the probability of infection by a disease or the probability of\nits transmission is varied, or both. The resulting models display epidemic\nbehavior when the infection or transmission probability rises above the\nthreshold for site or bond percolation on the network, and we give exact\nsolutions for the position of this threshold in a variety of cases. We confirm\nour analytic results by numerical simulation.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamics with helical symmetry: We present the hydrodynamics of fluids in three spatial dimensions with\nhelical symmetry, wherein only a linear combination of a rotation and\ntranslation is conserved in one of the three directions. The hydrodynamic\ndegrees of freedom consist of scalar densities (e.g. energy or charge) along\nwith two velocity fields transverse to the helical axis when the corresponding\nmomenta are conserved. Nondissipative hydrodynamic coefficients reminiscent of\nchiral vortical coefficients arise. We write down microscopic Hamiltonian\ndynamical systems exhibiting helical symmetry, and we demonstrate using kinetic\ntheory that these systems will generically exhibit the new helical phenomena\nthat we predicted within hydrodynamics. We also confirm our findings using\nmodern effective field theory techniques for hydrodynamics. We postulate\nregimes where pinned cholesteric liquid crystals may possess transport\ncoefficients of a helical fluid, which appear to have been overlooked in\nprevious literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal equilibrium of a Brownian particle with coordinate dependent\n  diffusion: comparison of Boltzmann and modified Boltzmann distributions with\n  experimental results: In this paper we compare the Boltzmann distribution with a modified Boltzmann\ndistribution, that results from an It\\^o-process considering thermal\nequilibrium of a Brownian particle with coordinate dependent diffusion, in the\nlight of an existing experiment. The experiment was reported in 1994 by\nFaucheux and Libchaber. The experiment made use of direct tracking of diffusion\nof Brownian particles near a wall. Results of this experiment allows us to\ncompare the Boltzmann and the modified Boltzmann distribution without making\nuse of any adjustable parameter. A comparison of these two distributions with\nthe experimental results lends support to the consideration of thermodynamic\nequilibrium of a Brownian particle with coordinate-dependent diffusion to be an\nIt\\^o-process.",
        "positive": "Classical many-particle systems with unique disordered ground states: Classical ground states (global energy-minimizing configurations) of\nmany-particle systems are typically unique crystalline structures, implying\nzero enumeration entropy of distinct patterns (aside from trivial symmetry\noperations). By contrast, the few previously known disordered classical ground\nstates of many-particle systems are all high-entropy (highly degenerate)\nstates. Here we show computationally that our recently-proposed \"perfect-glass\"\nmany-particle model [Sci. Rep., 6, 36963 (2016)] possesses disordered classical\nground states with a zero entropy: a highly counterintuitive situation. For all\nof the system sizes, parameters, and space dimensions that we have numerically\ninvestigated, the disordered ground states are unique such that they can always\nbe superposed onto each other or their mirror image. At low energies, the\ndensity of states obtained from simulations matches those calculated from the\nharmonic approximation near a single ground state, further confirming\nground-state uniqueness. Our discovery provides singular examples in which\nentropy and disorder are at odds with one another. The zero-entropy ground\nstates provide a unique perspective on the celebrated Kauzmann-entropy crisis\nin which the extrapolated entropy of a supercooled liquid drops below that of\nthe crystal. We expect that our disordered unique patterns to be of value in\nfields beyond glass physics, including applications in cryptography as\npseudo-random functions with tunable computational complexity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Particle invasion, survival, and non-ergodicity in 2D diffusion\n  processes with space-dependent diffusivity: We study the thermal Markovian diffusion of tracer particles in a 2D medium\nwith spatially-varying diffusivity $D(r)$, mimicking recently measured,\nheterogeneous maps of the apparent diffusion coefficient in biological cells.\nFor this heterogeneous diffusion process (HDP) we analyse the mean squared\ndisplacement (MSD) of the tracer particles, the time averaged MSD, the spatial\nprobability density function, and the first passage time dynamics from the cell\nboundary to the nucleus. Moreover we examine the non-ergodic properties of this\nprocess which are important for the correct physical interpretation of time\naverages of observables obtained from single particle tracking experiments.\nFrom extensive computer simulations of the 2D stochastic Langevin equation we\npresent an in-depth study of this HDP. In particular, we find that the MSDs\nalong the radial and azimuthal directions in a circular domain obey anomalous\nand Brownian scaling, respectively. We demonstrate that the time averaged MSD\nstays linear as a function of the lag time and the system thus reveals a weak\nergodicity breaking. Our results will enable one to rationalise the diffusive\nmotion of larger tracer particles such as viruses or submicron beads in\nbiological cells.",
        "positive": "Market application of the percolation model: Relative price distribution: We study a variant of the Cont-Bouchaud model which utilizes the perco lation\napproach of multi-agent simulations of the stock market fluctuations. Here,\ninstead of considering the relative price change as the difference of the total\ndemand and total supply, we consider the relative price change to be\nproportiona l to the ``relative'' difference of demand and supply (the ratio of\nthe difference in total demand and total supply to the sum of the total demand\nand total supply). We then study the probability distribution of the price\nchanges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Liouville Field Theory of Fluctuating Loops: Effective field theories of two-dimensional lattice models of fluctuating\nloops are constructed by mapping them onto random surfaces whose large scale\nfluctuations are described by a Liouville field theory. This provides a\ngeometrical view of conformal invariance in two-dimensional critical phenomena\nand a method for calculating critical properties of loop models exactly. As an\napplication of the method, the conformal charge and critical exponents for two\nmutually excluding Hamiltonian walks on the square lattice are calculated.",
        "positive": "A lecture on cluster expansions: A short exposition with complete proofs of the theory of cluster expansions\nfor an abstract polymer system is presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "O(1) loop model with different boundary conditions and symmetry classes\n  of alternating-sign matrices: This work as an extension of our recent paper where we have found a numerical\nevidence for the fact that the numbers of the states of the fully packed loop\n(FPL) model with fixed link-patterns coincide with the components of the ground\nstate vector of the dense O(1) loop model for periodic boundary conditions and\nan even number of sites. Here we give two new conjectures related to different\nboundary conditions. Namely, we suggest that the numbers of the half-turn\nsymmetric states of the FPL model with fixed link-patterns coincide with the\ncomponents of the ground state vector of the dense O(1) loop model for periodic\nboundary conditions and an odd number of sites and that the corresponding\nnumbers of the vertically symmetric states describe the case of the open\nboundary conditions and an even number of sites.",
        "positive": "Thermal forces from a microscopic perspective: Thermal gradients lead to macroscopic fluid motion if a confining surface is\npresent along the gradient. This fundamental nonequilibrium effect, known as\nthermo-osmosis, is held responsible for particle thermophoresis in colloidal\nsuspensions. A unified approach for thermo-osmosis in liquids and in gases is\nstill lacking. Linear Response Theory is generalised to inhomogeneous\nsystems,leading to an exact microscopic theory for the thermo-osmotic flow\nshowing that the effect originates from two independent physical mechanisms,\nplaying different roles in the gas and liquid phases, reducing to known\nexpressions in the appropriate limits."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact work statistics of quantum quenches in the anisotropic XY model: We derive exact analytic expressions for the average work done and work\nfluctuations in instantaneous quenches of the ground and thermal states of a\none-dimensional anisotropic XY model. The average work and a quantum\nfluctuation relation is used to determine the amount of irreversible entropy\nproduced during the quench, eventually revealing how the closing of the\nexcitation gap leads to increased dissipated work. The work fluctuation is\ncalculated and shown to exhibit non-analytic behavior as the pre-quench\nanisotropy parameter and transverse field are tuned across quantum critical\npoints. Exact compact formulas for the average work and work fluctuation in\nground state quenches of the transverse field Ising model allow us to calculate\nthe first singular derivative at the critical field values.",
        "positive": "Dynamical phase transition in the occupation fraction statistics for\n  non-crossing Brownian particles: We consider a system of $N$ non-crossing Brownian particles in one dimension.\nWe find the exact rate function that describes the long-time large deviation\nstatistics of their occupation fraction in a finite interval in space.\nRemarkably, we find that, for any general $N \\geq 2$, the system undergoes\n$N-1$ dynamical phase transitions of second order. The $N-1$ transitions are\nthe boundaries of $N$ phases that correspond to different numbers of particles\nwhich are in the vicinity of the interval throughout the dynamics. We achieve\nthis by mapping the problem to that of finding the ground-state energy for $N$\nnoninteracting spinless fermions in a square-well potential. The phases\ncorrespond to different numbers of single-body bound states for the quantum\nproblem. We also study the process conditioned on a given occupation fraction\nand the large-$N$ limiting behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Loop-Cluster Coupling and Algorithm for Classical Statistical Models: Potts spin systems play a fundamental role in statistical mechanics and\nquantum field theory, and can be studied within the spin, the Fortuin-Kasteleyn\n(FK) bond or the $q$-flow (loop) representation. We introduce a Loop-Cluster\n(LC) joint model of bond-occupation variables interacting with $q$-flow\nvariables, and formulate a LC algorithm that is found to be in the same\ndynamical universality as the celebrated Swendsen-Wang algorithm. This leads to\na theoretical unification for all the representations, and numerically, one can\napply the most efficient algorithm in one representation and measure physical\nquantities in others. Moreover, by using the LC scheme, we construct a\nhierarchy of geometric objects that contain as special cases the $q$-flow\nclusters and the backbone of FK clusters, the exact values of whose fractal\ndimensions in two dimensions remain as an open question. Our work not only\nprovides a unified framework and an efficient algorithm for the Potts model,\nbut also brings new insights into rich geometric structures of the FK clusters.",
        "positive": "Emergence of skew distributions in controlled growth processes: Starting from a master equation, we derive the evolution equation for the\nsize distribution of elements in an evolving system, where each element can\ngrow, divide into two, and produce new elements. We then probe general\nsolutions of the evolution quation, to obtain such skew distributions as\npower-law, log-normal, and Weibull distributions, depending on the growth or\ndivision and production. Specifically, repeated production of elements of\nuniform size leads to power-law distributions, whereas production of elements\nwith the size distributed according to the current distribution as well as no\nproduction of new elements results in log-normal distributions. Finally,\ndivision into two, or binary fission, bears Weibull distributions. Numerical\nsimulations are also carried out, confirming the validity of the obtained\nsolutions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phonon-like excitations in the two-state Bose-Hubbard model: The spectrum of phonon-like collective excitations in the system of\nBose-atoms in optical lattice (more generally, in the system of quantum\nparticles described by the Bose-Hubbard model) is investigated. Such\nexcitations appear due to displacements of particles with respect to their\nlocal equilibrium positions. The two-level model taking into account the\ntransitions of bosons between the ground state and the first excited state in\npotential wells, as well as interaction between them, is used. Calculations are\nperformed within the random phase approximation in the hard-core boson limit.\nIt is shown that excitation spectrum in normal phase consists of the one\nexciton-like band, while in the phase with BE condensate an additional band\nappears. The positions, spectral weights and widths of bands strongly depend on\nchemical potential of bosons and temperature. The conditions of stability of a\nsystem with respect to the lowering of symmetry and displacement modulation are\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Infinite-noise criticality: Nonequilibrium phase transitions in\n  fluctuating environments: We study the effects of time-varying environmental noise on nonequilibrium\nphase transitions in spreading and growth processes. Using the examples of the\nlogistic evolution equation as well as the contact process, we show that such\ntemporal disorder gives rise to a distinct type of critical points at which the\neffective noise amplitude diverges on long time scales. This leads to enormous\ndensity fluctuations characterized by an infinitely broad probability\ndistribution at criticality. We develop a real-time renormalization-group\ntheory that provides a general framework for the effects of temporal disorder\non nonequilibrium processes. We also discuss how general this exotic critical\nbehavior is, we illustrate the results by computer simulations, and we touch\nupon experimental applications of our theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermalization of Levy flights: Path-wise picture in 2D: We analyze two-dimensional (2D) random systems driven by a symmetric L\\'{e}vy\nstable noise which, under the sole influence of external (force) potentials\n$\\Phi (x) $, asymptotically set down at Boltzmann-type thermal equilibria. Such\nbehavior is excluded within standard ramifications of the Langevin approach to\nL\\'{e}vy flights. In the present paper we address the response of L\\'{e}vy\nnoise not to an external conservative force field, but directly to its\npotential $\\Phi (x)$. We prescribe a priori the target pdf $\\rho_*$ in the\nBoltzmann form $\\sim \\exp[- \\Phi (x)]$ and next select the L\\'evy noise of\ninterest. Given suitable initial data, this allows to infer a reliable\npath-wise approximation to a true (albeit analytically beyond the reach)\nsolution of the pertinent master equation, with the property $\\rho\n(x,t)\\rightarrow \\rho_*(x)$ as time $t$ goes to infinity. We create a suitably\nmodified version of the time honored Gillespie's algorithm, originally invented\nin the chemical kinetics context. A statistical analysis of generated sample\ntrajectories allows us to infer a surrogate pdf dynamics which consistently\nsets down at a pre-defined target pdf. We pay special attention to the response\nof the 2D Cauchy noise to an exemplary locally periodic \"potential landscape\"\n$\\Phi (x), x\\in R^2$.",
        "positive": "A ratchet for heat transport between identical reservoirs: A one-dimensional periodic array of elastically colliding hard points, with a\nnon-centrosymmetric unit cell, connected at its two ends to {\\em identical but\nnon-thermal} energy reservoirs, is shown to carry a sustained unidirectional\nenergy current."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enhancing violations of Leggett-Garg inequalities in nonequilibrium\n  correlated many-body systems by interactions and decoherence: We identify different schemes to enhance the violation of Leggett-Garg\ninequalities in open many-body systems. Considering a nonequilibrium\narchetypical setup of quantum transport, we show that particle interactions\ncontrol the direction and amplitude of maximal violation and that in the\nstrongly-interacting and strongly-driven regime bulk dephasing enhances the\nviolation. Through an analytical study of a minimal model, we unravel the basic\ningredients to explain this decoherence-enhanced quantumness, illustrating that\nsuch an effect emerges in a wide variety of systems.",
        "positive": "H-Theorems from Autonomous Equations: The H-theorem is an extension of the Second Law to a time-sequence of states\nthat need not be equilibrium ones. In this paper we review and we rigorously\nestablish the connection with macroscopic autonomy.\n  If for a Hamiltonian dynamics for many particles, at all times the present\nmacrostate determines the future macrostate, then its entropy is non-decreasing\nas a consequence of Liouville's theorem. That observation, made since long, is\nhere rigorously analyzed with special care to reconcile the application of\nLiouville's theorem (for a finite number of particles) with the condition of\nautonomous macroscopic evolution (sharp only in the limit of infinite scale\nseparation); and to evaluate the presumed necessity of a Markov property for\nthe macroscopic evolution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards a Landau-Ginzburg-type Theory for Granular Fluids: In this paper we show how, under certain restrictions, the hydrodynamic\nequations for the freely evolving granular fluid fit within the framework of\nthe time dependent Landau-Ginzburg (LG) models for critical and unstable fluids\n(e.g. spinodal decomposition). The granular fluid, which is usually modeled as\na fluid of inelastic hard spheres (IHS), exhibits two instabilities: the\nspontaneous formation of vortices and of high density clusters. We suppress the\nclustering instability by imposing constraints on the system sizes, in order to\nillustrate how LG-equations can be derived for the order parameter, being the\nrate of deformation or shear rate tensor, which controls the formation of\nvortex patterns. From the shape of the energy functional we obtain the\nstationary patterns in the flow field. Quantitative predictions of this theory\nfor the stationary states agree well with molecular dynamics simulations of a\nfluid of inelastic hard disks.",
        "positive": "Rate Equation Approaches to Amplification of Enantiomeric Excess and\n  Chiral Symmetry Breaking: Theoretical models and rate equations relevant to the Soai reaction are\nreviewed. It is found that in a production of chiral molecules from an achiral\nsubstrate autocatalytic processes can induce either enantiomeric excess (ee)\namplification or chiral symmetry breaking. Former terminology means that the\nfinal ee value is larger than the initial value but depends on this, whereas\nthe latter means the selection of a unique value of the final ee, independent\nof the initial value. The ee amplification takes place in an irreversible\nreaction such that all the substrate molecules are converted to chiral products\nand the reaction comes to a halt. The chiral symmetry breaking is possible when\nrecycling processes are incorporated. Reactions become reversible and the\nsystem relaxes slowly to a unique final state. The difference between the two\nbehaviors is apparent in the flow diagram in the phase space of chiral molecule\nconcentrations. The ee amplification takes place when the flow terminates on a\nline of fixed points (or a fixed line), whereas symmetry breaking corresponds\nto the dissolution of the fixed line accompanied by the appearance of fixed\npoints. Relevance of the Soai reaction to the homochirality in life is also\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-point correlation properties of stochastic \"cloud processes'': We study how the two-point density correlation properties of a point particle\ndistribution are modified when each particle is divided, by a stochastic\nprocess, into an equal number of identical \"daughter\" particles. We consider\ngenerically that there may be non-trivial correlations in the displacement\nfields describing the positions of the different daughters of the same \"mother\"\nparticle, and then treat separately the cases in which there are, or are not,\ncorrelations also between the displacements of daughters belonging to different\nmothers. For both cases exact formulae are derived relating the structure\nfactor (power spectrum) of the daughter distribution to that of the mother.\nThese results can be considered as a generalization of the analogous equations\nobtained in ref. [1] (cond-mat/0409594) for the case of stochastic displacement\nfields applied to particle distributions. An application of the present results\nis that they give explicit algorithms for generating, starting from regular\nlattice arrays, stochastic particle distributions with an arbitrarily high\ndegree of large-scale uniformity.",
        "positive": "Phase structure and phase transitions in a three dimensional SU(2)\n  superconductor: We study the three dimensional SU(2)-symmetric noncompact CP1 model, with two\ncharged matter fields coupled minimally to a noncompact Abelian gauge-field.\nThe phase diagram and the nature of the phase transitions in this model have\nattracted much interest after it was proposed to describe an unusual continuous\ntransition associated with deconfinement of spinons. Previously, it has been\ndemonstrated for various two-component gauge theories that weakly first-order\ntransitions may appear as continuous ones of a new universality class in\nsimulations of relatively large, but finite systems. We have performed\nMonte-Carlo calculations on substantially larger systems sizes than those in\nprevious works. We find that in some area of the phase diagram where at finite\nsizes one gets signatures consistent with a single first-order transition, in\nfact there is a sequence of two phase transitions with an O(3) paired phase\nsandwiched in between. We report (i) a new estimate for the location of a\nbicritical point and (ii) the first resolution of bimodal distributions in\nenergy histograms at relatively low coupling strengths. We perform a flowgram\nanalysis of the direct transition line with rescaling of the linear system size\nin order to obtain a data collapse. The data collapses up to coupling constants\nwhere we find bimodal distributions in energy histograms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Ising model on the random planar causal triangulation: bounds on the\n  critical line and magnetization properties: We investigate a Gibbs (annealed) probability measure defined on Ising spin\nconfigurations on causal triangulations of the plane. We study the region where\nsuch measure can be defined and provide bounds on the boundary of this region\n(critical line). We prove that for any finite random triangulation the\nmagnetization of the central spin is sensitive of the boundary conditions.\nFurthermore, we show that in the infinite volume limit, the magnetization of\nthe central spin vanishes for values of the temperature high enough.",
        "positive": "Saltatory drift in a randomly driven two-wave potential: Dynamics of a classical particle in a one-dimensional, randomly driven\npotential is analysed both analytically and numerically. The potential\nconsidered here is composed of two identical spatially-periodic saw-tooth-like\ncomponents, one of which is externally driven by a random force. We show that\nunder certain conditions the particle may travel against the averaged external\nforce performing a saltatory unidirectional drift with a constant velocity.\nSuch a behavior persists also in situations when the external force averages\nout to zero. We demonstrate that the physics behind this phenomenon stems from\na particular behavior of fluctuations in random force: upon reaching a certain\nlevel, random fluctuations exercise a locking function creating points of\nirreversibility which the particle can not overpass. Repeated (randomly) in\neach cycle, this results in a saltatory unidirectional drift. This mechanism\nresembles the work of an escapement-type device in watches. Considering the\noverdamped limit, we propose simple analytical estimates for the particle's\nterminal velocity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nucleation, growth, and scaling in slow combustion: We study the nucleation and growth of flame fronts in slow combustion. This\nis modeled by a set of reaction-diffusion equations for the temperature field,\ncoupled to a background of reactants and augmented by a term describing random\ntemperature fluctuations for ignition. We establish connections between this\nmodel and the classical theories of nucleation and growth of droplets from a\nmetastable phase. Our results are in good argeement with theoretical\npredictions.",
        "positive": "Bose Condensation and Temperature: A quantitative analysis of the process of condensation of bosons both in\nharmonic traps and in gases is made resorting to two ingredients only: Bose\nclassical distribution and spectral discretness. It is shown that in order to\ntake properly into account statistical correlations, temperature must be\ndefined from first principles, based on Shannon entropy, and turns out to be\nequal to $\\beta^{-1}$ only for $T > T_c$ where the usual results are recovered.\nBelow $T_c$ a new critical temperature $T_d$ is found, where the specific heat\nexhibits a sharp spike, similar to the $\\lambda$-peak of superfluidity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A new stochastic cellular automaton model on traffic flow and its\n  jamming phase transition: A general stochastic traffic cellular automaton (CA) model, which includes\nslow-to-start effect and driver's perspective, is proposed in this paper. It is\nshown that this model includes well known traffic CA models such as\nNagel-Schreckenberg model, Quick-Start model, and Slow-to-Start model as\nspecific cases. Fundamental diagrams of this new model clearly show metastable\nstates around the critical density even when stochastic effect is present. We\nalso obtain analytic expressions of the phase transition curve in phase\ndiagrams by using approximate flow-density relations at boundaries. These phase\ntransition curves are in excellent agreement with numerical results.",
        "positive": "Cut Size Statistics of Graph Bisection Heuristics: We investigate the statistical properties of cut sizes generated by heuristic\nalgorithms which solve approximately the graph bisection problem. On an\nensemble of sparse random graphs, we find empirically that the distribution of\nthe cut sizes found by ``local'' algorithms becomes peaked as the number of\nvertices in the graphs becomes large. Evidence is given that this distribution\ntends towards a Gaussian whose mean and variance scales linearly with the\nnumber of vertices of the graphs. Given the distribution of cut sizes\nassociated with each heuristic, we provide a ranking procedure which takes into\naccount both the quality of the solutions and the speed of the algorithms. This\nprocedure is demonstrated for a selection of local graph bisection heuristics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Gaussianity in stochastic transport: phenomenology and modelling: Non-Gaussian shapes, despite a linear form of the mean-squared displacement,\nhave been observed for the displacement distribution in a large range of\ndiffusive systems. Stochastic models for such \"Brownian yet non-Gaussian\"\ndiffusion will be introduced and discussed. Systems with non-Gaussian,\nanomalous diffusion will also be addressed.",
        "positive": "Chiral particle separation by a non-chiral micro-lattice: We conceived a model experiment for a continuous separation strategy of\nchiral molecules (enantiomers) without the need of any chiral selector\nstructure or derivatization agents: Micro-particles that only differ by their\nchirality are shown to migrate along different directions when driven by a\nsteady fluid flow through a square lattice of cylindrical posts. In accordance\nwith our numerical predictions, the transport directions of the enantiomers\ndepend very sensitively on the orientation of the lattice relatively to the\nfluid flow."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum approach to nucleation times of kinetic Ising ferromagnets: Low temperature dynamics of Ising ferromagnets under finite magnetic fields\nare studied in terms of quantum spin representations of stochastic evolution\noperators. These are constructed for the Glauber dynamic as well as for a\nmodification of this latter, introduced by K. Park {\\it et al.} in Phys. Rev.\nLett. {\\bf 92}, 015701 (2004). In both cases the relaxation time after a field\nquench is evaluated both numerically and analytically using the spectrum gap of\nthe corresponding operators. The numerical work employs standard recursive\ntechniques following a symmetrization of the evolution operator accomplished by\na non-unitary spin rotation. The analytical approach uses low temperature\nlimits to identify dominant terms in the eigenvalue problem. It is argued that\nthe relaxation times already provide a measure of actual nucleation lifetimes\nunder finite fields. The approach is applied to square, triangular and\nhoneycomb lattices.",
        "positive": "Effect of uniaxial and biaxial crystal-field potential on magnetic\n  properties of a mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising model on honeycomb lattice: Magnetic properties of a mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising model on honeycomb\nlattice are exactly investigated within the framework of generalized\nstar-triangle mapping transformation. The particular attention is focused on\nthe effect of uniaxial and biaxial crystal-field anisotropies that basically\ninfluence the magnetic behaviour of the spin-1 atoms. Our results for the basic\nthermodynamic quantities, as well as the dynamical time-dependent\nautocorrelation function indicate the spin tunneling between the $| +1>$ and $|\n- 1>$ states in the magnetically ordered phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Charge and spin correlations in the Monopole Liquid: A \\emph{monopole liquid} is a magnetic charge-disordered spin system defined\nover an Ising pyrochlore lattice, with one single topological charge or\n\\emph{monopole} in each tetrahedron. We define a simple model Hamiltonian for\nthis system and compare its thermodynamics at zero magnetic field with that of\nspin ice ---a phase free of these charges. In spite of the liquid-like\ncorrelations between charges, we find that spins in the charged phase are\nuncorrelated at all temperatures, like in a perfect paramagnet. The addition of\nnearest neighbors interactions favoring neutral `2in-2out' excitations as a\nperturbation has a peculiar effect. While they decrease charge-charge\ncorrelations, new spin correlations resembling those in spin ice appear on\nincreasing temperature. This helps us understand why dipolar correlations are\nobserved in spin ices at unexpectedly high temperatures, and the major role of\ndouble excitations in erasing the Coulomb phase correlations. Ferromagnetic\ninteractions strengthen the charges short range order and its associated spin\ncorrelations. Finally, we discuss how the monopole liquid can be related to\nother systems and materials where different phases of \\emph{monopole matter}\nhave been observed.",
        "positive": "Critical behavior of the contact process on small-world networks: We investigate the role of clustering on the critical behavior of the contact\nprocess (CP) on small-world networks using the Watts-Strogatz (WS) network\nmodel with an edge rewiring probability p. The critical point is well predicted\nby a homogeneous cluster-approximation for the limit of vanishing clustering (p\nclose to 1). The critical exponents and dimensionless moment ratios of the CP\nare in agreement with those predicted by the mean-field theory for any p > 0.\nThis independence on the network clustering shows that the small-world property\nis a sufficient condition for the mean-field theory to correctly predict the\nuniversality of the model. Moreover, we compare the CP dynamics on WS networks\nwith rewiring probability p = 1 and random regular networks and show that the\nweak heterogeneity of the WS network slightly changes the critical point but\ndoes not alter other critical quantities of the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy Production on Cooperative Opinion Dynamics: As one of the most widespread social dynamics, cooperative behavior is among\nthe most fascinating collective phenomena. Several animal species, from social\ninsects to human beings, feature social groups altruistically working for a\ncommon benefit. This collaborative conduct pervades the actions and opinions of\nindividuals, yielding strategic decision-making between political, religious,\nethnic, and economic social puzzles. Here, we explore how cooperative behavior\nphenomena impact collective opinion dynamics and entropy generation in social\ngroups. We select a random fraction $f$ of community members as collaborative\nindividuals and model the opinion dynamics using a social temperature parameter\n$q$ that functions as a social anxiety noise. With probability $q$, regular\nindividuals oppose their companions about a social decision, assuming group\ndissent. Collaborative agents experience a reduced effective social noise $\\mu\nq$, where $0 < \\mu < 1$ is the social anxiety noise sensibility parameter that\nenhances social validation. We perform numerical simulations and mean-field\nanalysis and find the system undergoes nonequilibrium order-disorder phase\ntransitions with expressive social entropy production. Our results also\nhighlight the effects of an individual social anxiety attenuation level in\nenhancing group consensus and inducing exuberant collective phenomena in\ncomplex systems.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo study of the XY-model on Sierpnski carpet: We have performed a Monte Carlo study of the classical XY-model on a Sierpi\\'\nnski carpet, which is a planar fractal structure with infinite order of\nramification and fractal dimension 1.8928. We employed the Wolff cluster\nalgorithm in our simulations and our results, in particular those for the\nsusceptibility and the helicity modulus, indicate the absence of\nfinite-temperature Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition in this\nsystem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evaluation of the rate constant and deposition velocity for the escape\n  of Brownian particles over potential barriers: We analyze the escape of Brownian particles over potential barriers using the\nFokker-Planck equation in a similar way to that of Chandrasekhar (Rev. Modern\nPhys., 1943), deriving a formula for the particle deposition velocity to a\nsurface as a function of the particle response time. For very small particle\nresponse times, the particle deposition velocity reduces to that obtained using\na quasi-steady solution of Smoluchowski's equation and for very large particle\nresponse times, the deposition velocity corresponds to that based on the\ntransition state method (E. Wigner, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1938).",
        "positive": "Engines of Parsimony: Part III; Performance Trade-offs for Reversible\n  Computers Sharing Resources: This paper concludes a three-Part series on the limits the laws of physics\nplace on the sustained performance of reversible computers. Part I concerned\naggregate performance in terms of computational operations per unit time, but\nneglected to consider interactions among computational sub-units or between\ncomputational sub-units and shared resources such as memory or chemical\nspecies. Part II extended the analysis to consider the former set of\ninteractions. In this Part we extend the analysis to consider the latter set,\nwith a particular focus on resource distribution in the first half. It is found\nthat most schemes imaginable fail to function effectively in the limit of\nvanishing 'computational bias' $b$, which measures the net fraction of\ntransitions which are successful, and falls as the system grows in size.\nDriving thermodynamically unfavourable reactions, such as resource\ndistribution, is a very general problem for such systems and can be solved by\nsupplying a sufficient excess of free energy. We propose a scheme to\ndynamically supply enough free energy for a given reaction, automatically and\nrapidly adapting to changes in the disequilibrium state of said\nreaction--including the case when the favourable reaction direction switches.\nThe overhead of this scheme is no worse than the overhead found in Part II for\ncommunicating reversible computers under the same regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comparing zero-parameter theories for the WCA and harmonic-repulsive\n  melting lines: The melting line of the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (WCA) system was recently\ndetermined accurately and compared to the predictions of four analytical\nhard-sphere approximations [Attia et al., J. Chem. Phys. 157, 034502 (2022)].\nHere, we study an alternative zero-parameter prediction based on the isomorph\ntheory, the input of which relate to properties at a single reference state\npoint on the melting line. The two central assumptions made are that the\nharmonic-repulsive potential approximates the WCA potential and that pair\ncollisions are uncorrelated. The new approach gives excellent predictions at\nhigh temperatures, while the hard-sphere-theory based predictions are better at\nlower temperatures. Supplementing the WCA investigation, the\nface-centered-crystal to fluid coexistence line is determined for a system of\nharmonic-repulsive particles and compared to the zero-parameter theories. The\nresults indicate that the excellent isomorph-theory predictions for the WCA\npotential at higher temperatures may be partly due to a cancellation of errors\nbetween the two above-mentioned assumptions.",
        "positive": "Series solution to the first-passage-time problem of a Brownian motion\n  with an exponential time-dependent drift: We derive the first-passage-time statistics of a Brownian motion driven by an\nexponential time-dependent drift up to a threshold. This process corresponds to\nthe signal integration in a simple neuronal model supplemented with an\nadaptation-like current and reaching the threshold for the first time\nrepresents the condition for declaring a spike. Based on the backward\nFokker-Planck formulation, we consider the survival probability of this process\nin a domain restricted by an absorbent boundary. The solution is given as an\nexpansion in terms of the intensity of the time-dependent drift, which results\nin an infinite set of recurrence equations. We explicitly obtain the complete\nsolution by solving each term in the expansion in a recursive scheme. From the\nsurvival probability, we evaluate the first-passage-time statistics, which\nitself preserves the series structure. We then compare theoretical results with\ndata extracted from numerical simulations of the associated dynamical system,\nand show that the analytical description is appropriate whenever the series is\ntruncated in an adequate order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relativistic antifragility: It is shown that the barbell distribution of a gas of relativistic molecules\nabove its critical temperature, can be interpreted as an antifragile response\nto the relativistic constraint of subluminal propagation.",
        "positive": "Maximum distributions of bridges of noncolliding Brownian paths: The one-dimensional Brownian motion starting from the origin at time $t=0$,\nconditioned to return to the origin at time $t=1$ and to stay positive during\ntime interval $0 < t < 1$, is called the Bessel bridge with duration 1. We\nconsider the $N$-particle system of such Bessel bridges conditioned never to\ncollide with each other in $0 < t < 1$, which is the continuum limit of the\nvicious walk model in watermelon configuration with a wall. Distributions of\nmaximum-values of paths attained in the time interval $t \\in (0,1)$ are studied\nto characterize the statistics of random patterns of the repulsive paths on the\nspatio-temporal plane. For the outermost path, the distribution function of\nmaximum value is exactly determined for general $N$. We show that the present\n$N$-path system of noncolliding Bessel bridges is realized as the\npositive-eigenvalue process of the $2N \\times 2N$ matrix-valued Brownian bridge\nin the symmetry class C. Using this fact computer simulations are performed and\nnumerical results on the $N$-dependence of the maximum-value distributions of\nthe inner paths are reported. The present work demonstrates that the\nextreme-value problems of noncolliding paths are related with the random matrix\ntheory, representation theory of symmetry, and the number theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonextensibility of internal energy in incomplete statistics and the\n  zeroth law of thermodynamics: On the basis of the entropy of incomplete statistics (IS) and the joint\nprobability factorization condition, two controversial problems existing in IS\nare investigated, where one is what the correct expression of the internal\nenergy for a composite system is and the other is whether the zeroth law of\nthermodynamics is true or not. Some new equivalent expressions of the internal\nenergy of a composite system are derived through a precise mathematical\ncalculation. Moreover, a self-consistent calculation is used to expound that\nthe zeroth law of thermodynamics is also suitable for IS, but it can't be\nproven from theory. Finally, it is pointed out that the generalized zeroth law\nof thermodynamics and the expressions of the internal energy of a composite\nsystem derived in literature are incorrect, because two irrational assumptions\nhave been implicitly introduced.",
        "positive": "Superdiffusion of Aerosols Emitted After Sneezing -- Nonequilibrium\n  Statistical Mechanics Approach: We study a stochastic behavior of aerosols by the non-equilibrium statistical\nmechanics approach using the analytical approach of the Langevin equation. We\nfirstly show that superdiffusion can possibly occur right after the emission,\nwhich may be attributed to the physical mechanism of the outbreak of the\nCOVID-19 pandemic. We also provide clear evidence of the least required\ndistance to prevent infections occurred by aerosols. In particular, the\nrequired distance to prevent aerosol infections is derived to be about 42 m\nwhen we assume Cauchy distribution as an initial velocity distribution. This\nfact implies that due to superdiffusion the aerosol infection can occur even\nfar away from a long distance as compared to the previous considerations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalised energy equipartition in electrical circuits: In this brief note, we demonstrate a generalised energy equipartition theorem\nfor a generic electrical circuit with Johnson-Nyquist (thermal) noise. From\nquantum mechanical considerations, the thermal modes have an energy\ndistribution dictated by Planck's law. For a resistive circuit with some\ninductance, it is shown that the real part of the admittance is proportional to\na probability distribution function which modulates the contributions to the\nsystem's mean energy from various frequencies of the Fourier spectrum. Further,\nwe analyse the case with a capacitor connected in series with an inductor and a\nresistor. The results resemble superstatistics, i.e. a superposition of two\nstatistics and can be reformulated in the energy representation. The correct\nclassical limit is obtained as $\\hbar \\rightarrow 0$.",
        "positive": "The statistics of fixation times for systems with recruitment: We investigate the statistics of the time taken for a system driven by\nrecruitment to reach fixation. Our model describes a series of experiments\nwhere a population is confronted with two identical options, resulting in the\nsystem fixating on one of the options. For a specific population size, we show\nthat the time distribution behaves like an inverse Gaussian with an exponential\ndecay. Varying the population size reveals that the timescale of the decay\ndepends on the population size and allows the critical population number, below\nwhich fixation occurs, to be estimated from experimental data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New insights into electron spin dynamics in the presence of correlated\n  noise: The changes of the spin depolarization length in zinc-blende semiconductors\nwhen an external component of correlated noise is added to a static driving\nelectric field are analyzed for different values of field strength, noise\namplitude and correlation time. Electron dynamics is simulated by a Monte Carlo\nprocedure which keeps into account all the possible scattering phenomena of the\nhot electrons in the medium and includes the evolution of spin polarization.\nSpin depolarization is studied by examinating the decay of the initial spin\npolarization of the conduction electrons through the D'yakonov-Perel process,\nthe only relevant relaxation mechanism in III-V crystals. Our results show\nthat, for electric field amplitude lower than the Gunn field, the dephasing\nlength shortens with the increasing of the noise intensity. Moreover, a\nnonmonotonic behavior of spin depolarization length with the noise correlation\ntime is found, characterized by a maximum variation for values of noise\ncorrelation time comparable with the dephasing time. Instead, in high field\nconditions, we find that, critically depending on the noise correlation time,\nexternal fluctuations can positively affect the relaxation length. The\ninfluence of the inclusion of the electron-electron scattering mechanism is\nalso shown and discussed.",
        "positive": "Forward-Flux Sampling with Jumpy Order Parameters: Forward-flux sampling (FFS) is a path sampling technique that has gained\nincreased popularity in recent years, and has been used to compute rates of\nrare event phenomena such as crystallization, condensation, hydrophobic\nevaporation, DNA hybridization and protein folding. The popularity of FFS is\nnot only due to its ease of implementation, but also because it is not very\nsensitive to the particular choice of an order parameter. The order parameter\nutilized in conventional FFS, however, still needs to satisfy a stringent\nsmoothness criterion in order to assure sequential crossing of FFS milestones.\nThis condition is usually violated for order parameters utilized for describing\naggregation phenomena such as crystallization. Here, we present a generalized\nFFS algorithm for which this smoothness criterion is no longer necessary, and\napply it to compute homogeneous crystal nucleation rates in several systems.\nOur numerical tests reveal that conventional FFS can sometimes underestimate\nthe nucleation rate by several orders of magnitude."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conformal Field Theory and Statistical Mechanics: The lectures provide a pedagogical introduction to the methods of CFT as\napplied to two-dimensional critical behaviour.",
        "positive": "Strong Correlations Between Fluctuations and Response in Aging Transport: Once the problem of ensemble averaging is removed, correlations between the\nresponse of a single molecule to an external driving field $F$, with the\nhistory of fluctuations of the particle, become detectable. Exact analytical\ntheory for the continuous time random walk and numerical simulations for the\nquenched trap model give the behaviors of the correlation between fluctuations\nof the displacement in the aging period $(0,t_a)$, and the response to bias\nswitched on at time $t_a$. In particular in the dynamical phase where the\nmodels exhibit aging we find finite correlations even in the asymptotic limit\n$t_a \\to \\infty$, while in the non-aging phase the correlations are zero in the\nsame limit. Linear response theory gives a simple relation between these\ncorrelations and the fractional diffusion coefficient."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviations of heat flow in harmonic chains: We consider heat transport across a harmonic chain connected at its two ends\nto white-noise Langevin reservoirs at different temperatures. In the steady\nstate of this system the heat $Q$ flowing from one reservoir into the system in\na finite time $\\tau$ has a distribution $P(Q,\\tau)$. We study the large time\nform of the corresponding moment generating function $<e^{-\\lambda Q}>\\sim\ng(\\lambda) e^{\\tau\\mu (\\lambda)}$. Exact formal expressions, in terms of phonon\nGreen's functions, are obtained for both $\\mu(\\lambda)$ and also the lowest\norder correction $g(\\lambda)$. We point out that, in general a knowledge of\nboth $\\mu(\\lambda)$ and $g(\\lambda)$ is required for finding the large\ndeviation function associated with $P(Q,\\tau)$. The function $\\mu(\\lambda)$ is\nknown to be the largest eigenvector of an appropriate Fokker-Planck type\noperator and our method also gives the corresponding eigenvector exactly.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Limit in Chern-Simons System of Particles with MB\n  Statistics: The reduced density matrices (RDMs) are calculated in the thermodynamic limit\nfor the Chern-Simons non-relativistic particle system and Maxwell-Boltzmann\n(MB) statistics. It is established that they are zero outside of a diagonal and\nwell-behaved after a renormalization, depending on an arbitrary real number, if\nthe condition of neutrality holds."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Double resonance in the infinite-range quantum Ising model: We study quantum resonance behavior of the infinite-range kinetic Ising model\nat zero temperature. Numerical integration of the time-dependent Schr\\\"odinger\nequation in the presence of an external magnetic field in the $z$ direction is\nperformed at various transverse field strengths $g$. It is revealed that two\nresonance peaks occur when the energy gap matches the external driving\nfrequency at two distinct values of $g$, one below and the other above the\nquantum phase transition. From the similar observations already made in\nclassical systems with phase transitions, we propose that the double resonance\npeaks should be a generic feature of continuous transitions, for both quantum\nand classical many-body systems.",
        "positive": "Quantum interference effects in particle transport through square\n  lattices: We study the transport of a quantum particle through square lattices of\nvarious sizes by employing the tight-binding Hamiltonian from quantum\npercolation. Input and output semi-infinite chains are attached to the lattice\neither by diagonal point to point contacts or by a busbar connection. We find\nresonant transmission and reflection occuring whenever the incident particle's\nenergy is near an eigenvalue of the lattice alone (i.e., the lattice without\nthe chains attached). We also find the transmission to be strongly dependent on\nthe way the chains are attached to the lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of localized loading on failure threshold of fiber bundles: We investigate the global failure threshold of an interconnected set of\nelements, when a finite fraction of the elements initially share an externally\napplied load. The study is done under the framework of random fiber bundle\nmodel, where the fibers are linear elastic objects attached between two plates.\nThe failure threshold of the system varies non-monotonically with the fraction\nof the system on which the load is applied initially, provided the load sharing\nmechanism following a local failure is sufficiently wide. In this case, there\nexists a finite value for the initial loading fraction, for which the damage on\nthe system will be maximum, or in other words the global failure threshold will\nbe minimum for a finite value of the initial loading fraction. This particular\nvalue of initial loading fraction, however, goes to zero when the load sharing\nis sufficiently local. Such crossover behavior, seen for both one and two\ndimensional versions of the model, can give very useful information about\nstability of interconnected systems with random failure thresholds.",
        "positive": "Unbiased Monte Carlo Cluster Updates with Autoregressive Neural Networks: Efficient sampling of complex high-dimensional probability distributions is a\ncentral task in computational science. Machine learning methods like\nautoregressive neural networks, used with Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling,\nprovide good approximations to such distributions, but suffer from either\nintrinsic bias or high variance. In this Letter, we propose a way to make this\napproximation unbiased and with low variance. Our method uses physical\nsymmetries and variable-size cluster updates which utilize the structure of\nautoregressive factorization. We test our method for first- and second-order\nphase transitions of classical spin systems, showing its viability for critical\nsystems and in the presence of metastable states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Typical and rare fluctuations in nonlinear driven diffusive systems with\n  dissipation: We consider fluctuations of the dissipated energy in nonlinear driven\ndiffusive systems subject to bulk dissipation and boundary driving. With this\naim, we extend the recently-introduced macroscopic fluctuation theory to\nnonlinear driven dissipative media, starting from the fluctuating hydrodynamic\nequations describing the system mesoscopic evolution. Interestingly, the action\nassociated to a path in mesoscopic phase-space, from which large-deviation\nfunctions for macroscopic observables can be derived, has the same simple form\nas in non-dissipative systems. This is a consequence of the quasi-elasticity of\nmicroscopic dynamics, required in order to have a nontrivial competition\nbetween diffusion and dissipation at the mesoscale. Euler-Lagrange equations\nfor the optimal density and current fields that sustain an arbitrary\ndissipation fluctuation are also derived. A perturbative solution thereof shows\nthat the probability distribution of small fluctuations is always gaussian, as\nexpected from the central limit theorem. On the other hand, strong separation\nfrom the gaussian behavior is observed for large fluctuations, with a\ndistribution which shows no negative branch, thus violating the\nGallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem as expected from the irreversibility of\nthe dynamics. The dissipation large-deviation function exhibits simple and\ngeneral scaling forms for weakly and strongly dissipative systems, with large\nfluctuations favored in the former case but heavily supressed in the latter.\n(...) [see complete abstract by downloading the paper]",
        "positive": "A Simple Passive Scalar Advection-Diffusion Model: This paper presents a simple, one-dimensional model of a randomly advected\npassive scalar. The model exhibits anomalous inertial range scaling for the\nstructure functions constructed from scalar differences. The model provides a\nsimple computational test for recent ideas regarding closure and scaling for\nrandomly advected passive scalars. Results suggest that high order structure\nfunction scaling depends on the largest velocity eddy size, and hence scaling\nexponents may be geometry-dependent and non-universal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical slowing down and hyperuniformity on approach to jamming: Hyperuniformity characterizes a state of matter that is poised at a critical\npoint at which density or volume-fraction fluctuations are anomalously\nsuppressed at infinite wavelengths. Recently, much attention has been given to\nthe link between strict jamming and hyperuniformity in frictionless\nhard-particle packings. Doing so requires one to study very large packings,\nwhich can be difficult to jam properly. We modify the rigorous linear\nprogramming method of Donev et al. [J. Comp. Phys. 197, 139 (2004)] in order to\ntest for jamming in putatively jammed packings of hard-disks in two dimensions.\nWe find that various standard packing protocols struggle to reliably create\npackings that are jammed for even modest system sizes; importantly, these\npackings appear to be jammed by conventional tests. We present evidence that\nsuggests that deviations from hyperuniformity in putative maximally random\njammed (MRJ) packings can in part be explained by a shortcoming in generating\nexactly-jammed configurations due to a type of \"critical slowing down\" as the\nnecessary rearrangements become difficult to realize by numerical protocols.\nAdditionally, various protocols are able to produce packings exhibiting\nhyperuniformity to different extents, but this is because certain protocols are\nbetter able to approach exactly-jammed configurations. Nonetheless, while one\nshould not generally expect exact hyperuniformity for disordered packings with\nrattlers, we find that when jamming is ensured, our packings are very nearly\nhyperuniform, and deviations from hyperuniformity correlate with an inability\nto ensure jamming, suggesting that strict jamming and hyperuniformity are\nindeed linked. This raises the possibility that the ideal MRJ packings have no\nrattlers. Our work provides the impetus for the development of packing\nalgorithms that produce large disordered strictly jammed packings that are\nrattler-free.",
        "positive": "Critical behaviours of anisotropic XY ferromagnet in the presence of\n  random field: The anisotropic XY ferromagnet has been studied by Monte Carlo simulation in\na three dimensional simple cubic lattice. The increase in critical temperature\n(ferro-para transition) has been noticed with increasing the strength of\nanisotropy. The effects of random fields (both with full circular symmetry and\nin angular window) on the critical temperature are investigated systematically\nin the anisotropic XY ferromagnet in three dimensions. Reduction in the\ncritical temperature of anisotropic XY ferromagnet has been observed in the\npresence of random field. The compensating field (the required amount of field\nwhich preserves the critical temperature for isotropic XY ferromagnet) has been\nstudied as a function of the strength of anisotropy. The compensating field was\nfound to depend linearly on the strength of anisotropy. We have also studied\nthe effects of random field confined in the angular window and observed the\nreduction of the critical temperature with increase of the angular extension.\nThe critical behaviours are formalized by the usual finite size analysis and\nthe estimation of critical exponents for the susceptibility and the specific\nheat. ."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random walks in modular scale-free networks with multiple traps: Extensive empirical investigation has shown that a plethora of real networks\nsynchronously exhibit scale-free and modular structure, and it is thus of great\nimportance to uncover the effects of these two striking properties on various\ndynamical processes occurring on such networks. In this paper, we examine two\ncases of random walks performed on a class of modular scale-free networks with\nmultiple traps located at several given nodes. We first derive a formula of the\nmean first-passage time (MFPT) for a general network, which is the mean of the\nexpected time to absorption originating from a specific node, averaged over all\nnon-trap starting nodes. Although the computation is complex, the expression of\nthe formula is exact; moreover, the computational approach and procedure are\nindependent of the number and position of the traps. We then determine\nanalytically the MFPT for the two random walks being considered. The obtained\nanalytical results are in complete agreement with the numerical ones. Our\nresults show that the number and location of traps play an important role in\nthe behavior of the MFPT, since for both cases the MFPT grows as a power-law\nfunction of the number of nodes, but their exponents are quite different. We\ndemonstrate that the root of the difference in the behavior of MFPT is\nattributed to the modular and scale-free topologies of the networks. This work\ncan deepen the understanding of diffusion on networks with modular and\nscale-free architecture and motivate relevant studies for random walks running\non complex random networks with multiple traps.",
        "positive": "Dipolar ground state of planar spins on triangular lattices: An infinite triangular lattice of classical dipolar spins is usually\nconsidered to have a ferromagnetic ground state. We examine the validity of\nthis statement for finite lattices and in the limit of large lattices. We find\nthat the ground state of rectangular arrays is strongly dependent on size and\naspect ratio. Three results emerge that are significant for understanding the\nground state properties: i) formation of domain walls is energetically favored\nfor aspect ratios below a critical valu e; ii) the vortex state is always\nenergetically favored in the thermodynamic limit of an infinite number of\nspins, but nevertheless such a configuration may not be observed even in very\nlarge lattices if the aspect ratio is large; iii) finite range approximations\nto actual dipole sums may not provide the correct ground sta te configuration\nbecause the ferromagnetic state is linearly unstable and the domain wall energy\nis negative for any finite range cutoff."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collective Monte Carlo updates through tensor network renormalization: We introduce a Metropolis-Hastings Markov chain for Boltzmann distributions\nof classical spin systems. It relies on approximate tensor network contractions\nto propose correlated collective updates at each step of the evolution. We\npresent benchmarks for a wide variety of instances of the two-dimensional Ising\nmodel, including ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, (fully) frustrated and\nEdwards-Anderson spin glass cases, and we show that, with modest computational\neffort, our Markov chain achieves sizeable acceptance rates, even in the\nvicinity of critical points. In each of the situations we have considered, the\nMarkov chain compares well with other Monte Carlo schemes such as the\nMetropolis or Wolff algorithm: equilibration times appear to be reduced by a\nfactor that varies between 40 and 2000, depending on the model and the\nobservable being monitored. We also present an extension to three spatial\ndimensions, and demonstrate that it exhibits fast equilibration for finite\nferro and antiferromagnetic instances. Additionally, and although it is\noriginally designed for a square lattice of finite degrees of freedom with open\nboundary conditions, the proposed scheme can be used as such, or with slight\nmodifications, to study triangular lattices, systems with continuous degrees of\nfreedom, matrix models, a confined gas of hard spheres, or to deal with\narbitrary boundary conditions.",
        "positive": "Depinning and wetting in nonequilibrium systems: We present an extension of equilibrium wetting to nonequilibrium situations\nparticularly suited to systems with anisotropic interactions. Both critical and\ncomplete wetting transitions were found and characterized. We have identified a\nregion in the space of parameters (temperature and chemical potential) where\nthe wet and non-wet phases coexist. Emphasis is made on the analogies and\ndifferences between equilibrium and nonequilibrium wetting."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modeling plasticity of amorphous composites: Scalar is not enough: We use a continuous mesoscopic model to address the yielding properties of\nplastic composites, formed by a host material and inclusions with different\nelastic and/or plastic properties. We investigate the flow properties of the\ncomposed material under a uniform externally applied deviatoric stress. We show\nthat due to the heterogeneities induced by the inclusions, a scalar modeling in\nterms of a single deviatoric strain of the same symmetry than the externally\napplied deformation gives inaccurate results. A realistic modeling must include\nall possible shear deformations. Implementing this model in a two-dimensional\nsystem we show that the effect of harder inclusions is very weak up to\nrelatively high concentrations. For softer inclusions instead, the effect is\nmuch stronger, even a small concentration of inclusions affecting the form of\nthe flow curve and the critical stress. We also present the details of a full\nthree dimensional simulation scheme, and obtain the corresponding results, both\nfor harder and softer inclusions.",
        "positive": "Freezing transition in the barrier crossing rate of a diffusing particle: We study the decay rate $\\theta(a)$ that characterizes the late time\nexponential decay of the first-passage probability density $F_a(t|0) \\sim\ne^{-\\theta(a)\\, t}$ of a diffusing particle in a one dimensional confining\npotential $U(x)$, starting from the origin, to a position located at $a>0$. For\ngeneral confining potential $U(x)$ we show that $\\theta(a)$, a measure of the\nbarrier (located at $a$) crossing rate, has three distinct behaviors as a\nfunction of $a$, depending on the tail of $U(x)$ as $x\\to -\\infty$. In\nparticular, for potentials behaving as $U(x)\\sim |x|$ when $x\\to -\\infty$, we\nshow that a novel freezing transition occurs at a critical value $a=a_c$, i.e,\n$\\theta(a)$ increases monotonically as $a$ decreases till $a_c$, and for $a \\le\na_c$ it freezes to $\\theta (a)=\\theta(a_c)$. Our results are established using\na general mapping to a quantum problem and by exact solution in three\nrepresentative cases, supported by numerical simulations. We show that the\nfreezing transition occurs when in the associated quantum problem, the gap\nbetween the ground state (bound) and the continuum of scattering states\nvanishes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Controlling the Short-Range Order and Packing Densities of Many-Particle\n  Systems: Questions surrounding the spatial disposition of particles in various\ncondensed-matter systems continue to pose many theoretical challenges. This\npaper explores the geometric availability of amorphous many-particle\nconfigurations that conform to a given pair correlation function g(r). Such a\nstudy is required to observe the basic constraints of non-negativity for g(r)\nas well as for its structure factor S(k). The hard sphere case receives special\nattention, to help identify what qualitative features play significant roles in\ndetermining upper limits to maximum amorphous packing densities. For that\npurpose, a five-parameter test family of g's has been considered, which\nincorporates the known features of core exclusion, contact pairs, and damped\noscillatory short-range order beyond contact. Numerical optimization over this\nfive-parameter set produces a maximum-packing value for the fraction of covered\nvolume, and about 5.8 for the mean contact number, both of which are within the\nrange of previous experimental and simulational packing results. However, the\ncorresponding maximum-density g(r) and S(k) display some unexpected\ncharacteristics. A byproduct of our investigation is a lower bound on the\nmaximum density for random sphere packings in $d$ dimensions, which is sharper\nthan a well-known lower bound for regular lattice packings for d >= 3.",
        "positive": "Effect of mesoscopic fluctuations on equation of state in\n  cluster-forming systems: Equation of state for systems with particles self-assembling into aggregates\nis derived within a mesoscopic theory combining density functional and\nfield-theoretic approaches. We focus on the effect of mesoscopic fluctuations\nin the disordered phase. The pressure -- volume fraction isotherms are\ncalculated explicitly for two forms of the short-range attraction long-range\nrepulsion potential. Mesoscopic fluctuations lead to an increased pressure in\neach case, except for very small volume fractions. When large clusters are\nformed, the mechanical instability of the system is present at much higher\ntemperature than found in mean-field approximation. In this case phase\nseparation competes with the formation of periodic phases (colloidal crystals).\nIn the case of small clusters, no mechanical instability associated with\nseparation into dilute and dense phases appears."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum stochastic thermodynamics: A semiclassical theory in phase space: A formalism for quantum many-body systems is proposed through a semiclassical\ntreatment in phase space, allowing us to establish a stochastic thermodynamics\nincorporating quantum statistics. Specifically, we utilize a stochastic\nFokker-Planck equation as the dynamics at the mesoscopic level. Here, the noise\nterm characterizing the fluctuation of the flux density accounts for the\nfinite-$N$ effects of random collisions between the system and the reservoir.\nAccordingly, the stationary solution is a quasi-equilibrium state in a\ncanonical system. We define stochastic thermodynamic quantities based on the\ntrajectories of the phase-space distribution. The conservation law of energy,\n$H$ theorem and fluctuation theorems are therefore obtained. Our work sets an\nalternative formalism of quantum stochastic thermodynamics that is independent\nof the two-point measurement scheme. The numerous projective measurements of\nquantum systems are replaced by the sampling of the phase-space distribution,\noffering hope for experimental verifications in the future.",
        "positive": "Space-time thermodynamics and subsystem observables in a kinetically\n  constrained model of glassy systems: In a recent article [M. Merolle et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 10837\n(2005)] it was argued that dynamic heterogeneity in $d$-dimensional glass\nformers is a manifestation of an order-disorder phenomenon in the $d+1$\ndimensions of spacetime. By considering a dynamical analogue of the free\nenergy, evidence was found for phase coexistence between active and inactive\nregions of spacetime, and it was suggested that this phenomenon underlies the\nglass transition. Here we develop these ideas further by investigating in\ndetail the one-dimensional Fredrickson-Andersen (FA) model in which the active\nand inactive phases originate in the reducibility of the dynamics. We\nillustrate the phase coexistence by considering the distributions of mesoscopic\nspacetime observables. We show how the analogy with phase coexistence can be\nstrengthened by breaking microscopic reversibility in the FA model, leading to\na non-equilibrium theory in the directed percolation universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heterogeneity can markedly increase final outbreak size in the SIR model\n  of epidemics: We study the SIR model of epidemics on positively correlated heterogeneous\nnetworks with population variability, and explore the dependence of the final\noutbreak size on the network heterogeneity strength and basic reproduction\nnumber $R_0$ -- the ratio between the infection and recovery rates per\nindividual. We reveal a critical value $R_0^c$, above which the maximal\noutbreak size is obtained at zero heterogeneity, but below which, the maximum\nis obtained at finite heterogeneity strength. This second-order phase\ntransition, universal for all network distributions with finite standardized\nmoments indicates that, network heterogeneity can greatly increase the final\noutbreak size. We also show that this effect can be enhanced by adding\npopulation heterogeneity, in the form of varying inter-individual\nsusceptibility and infectiousness. Notably, our results provide key insight as\nto the predictability of the well-mixed SIR model for the final outbreak size,\nin realistic scenarios.",
        "positive": "The random field Ising model with an asymmetric and anisotropic trimodal\n  probability distribution: The Ising model in the presence of a random field, drawn from the asymmetric\nand anisotropic trimodal probability distribution $P(h_{i})=p\\;\n\\delta(h_{i}-h_{0}) + q \\delta (h_{i}+ \\lambda *h_{0}) + r \\delta (h_{i})$, is\ninvestigated. The partial probabilities $p, q, r$ take on values within the\ninterval $[0,1]$ consistent with the constraint $p+q+r=1$, asymmetric\ndistribution, $h_{i}$ is the random field variable with basic absolute value\n$h_{0}$ (strength); $\\lambda$ is the competition parameter, which is the ratio\nbetween the respective strength of the random magnetic field in the two\nprincipal directions $(+z)$ and $(-z)$ and is positive so that the random\nfields are competing, anisotropic distribution. This probability distribution\nis an extension of the bimodal one allowing for the existence in the lattice of\nnon magnetic particles or vacant sites. The current random field Ising system\ndisplays mainly second order phase transitions, which, for some values of $p,\nq$ and $h_{0}$, are followed by first order phase transitions joined smoothly\nby a tricritical point; occasionally, two tricritical points appear implying\nanother second order phase transition. In addition to these points, re-entrant\nphenomena can be seen for appropriate ranges of the temperature and random\nfield for specific values of $\\lambda$, $p$ and $q$. Using the variational\nprinciple, we write down the equilibrium equation for the magnetization and\nsolve it for both phase transitions and at the tricritical point in order to\ndetermine the magnetization profile with respect to $h_{0}$, considered as an\nindependent variable in addition to the temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Survival Probability: The survival probability measures the probability that a system taken out of\nequilibrium has not yet moved out from its initial state. Inspired by the\ngeneralized entropies used to analyze nonergodic states, we introduce a\ngeneralized version of the survival probability, and discuss how it can assist\nstudies of the structure of the eigenstates and ergodicity.",
        "positive": "Hedging Extreme Co-Movements: Based on a recent theorem due to the authors, it is shown how the extreme\ntail dependence between an asset and a factor or index or between two assets\ncan be easily calibrated. Portfolios constructed with stocks with minimal tail\ndependence with the market exhibit a remarkable degree of decorrelation with\nthe market at no cost in terms of performance measured by the Sharpe ratio."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady-state moments under resetting to a distribution: The non-equilibrium steady states emerging from stochastic resetting to a\ndistribution is studied. We show that for a range of processes, the\nsteady-state moments can be expressed as a linear combination of the moments of\nthe distribution of resetting positions. The coefficients of this series are\nuniversal in the sense that they do not depend on the resetting distribution,\nonly underlying dynamics. We consider the case of a Brownian particle and a\nrun-and-tumble particle confined in a harmonic potential, where we derive\nexplicit closed-form expressions for all moments for any resetting\ndistribution. Numerical simulations are used to verify the results, showing\nexcellent agreement.",
        "positive": "Self-Organized Criticality in a Transient System: A simple model economy with locally interacting producers and consumers is\nintroduced. When driven by extremal dynamics, the model self-organizes {\\em\nnot} to an attractor state, but to an asymptote, on which the economy has a\nconstant rate of deflation, is critical, and exhibits avalanches of activity\nwith power-law distributed sizes. This example demonstrates that self-organized\ncritical behavior occurs in a larger class of systems than so far considered:\nsystems not driven to an attractive fixed point, but, e.g., an asymptote, may\nalso display self-organized criticality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian Motors driven by Particle Exchange: We extend the Langevin dynamics so that particles can be exchanged with a\nparticle reservoir. We show that grand canonical ensembles are realized at\nequilibrium and derive the relations of thermodynamics for processes between\nequilibrium states. As an application of the proposed evolution rule, we devise\na simple model of Brownian motors driven by particle exchange. KEYWORDS:\nLangevin Dynamics, Thermodynamics, Open Systems",
        "positive": "Salt-in-Ionic-Liquid Electrolytes: Ion Network Formation and Negative\n  Effective Charges of Alkali Metal Cations: Salt-in-ionic liquid electrolytes have attracted significant attention as\npotential electrolytes for next generation batteries largely due to their\nsafety enhancements over typical organic electrolytes. However, recent\nexperimental and computational studies have shown that under certain conditions\nalkali cations can migrate in electric fields as if they carried a net negative\neffective charge. In particular, alkali cations were observed to have negative\ntransference numbers at small mole fractions of alkali metal salt that revert\nto the expected net positive transference numbers at large mole fractions.\nSimulations have provided some insights into these observations, where the\nformation of asymmetric ionic clusters, as well as a percolating ion network\ncould largely explain the anomalous transport of alkali cations. However, a\nthermodynamic theory that captures such phenomena has not been developed, as\nionic associations were typically treated via the formation of ion pairs. The\ntheory presented herein, based on the classical polymer theories, describes\nthermoreversible associations between alkali cations and anions, where the\nformation of large, asymmetric ionic clusters and a percolating ionic network\nare a natural result of the theory. Furthermore, we present several general\nmethods to calculate the effective charge of alkali cations in ionic liquids.\nWe note that the negative effective charge is a robust prediction with respect\nto the parameters of the theory, and that the formation of a percolating ionic\nnetwork leads to the restoration of net positive charges of the cations at\nlarge mole fractions of alkali metal salt. Overall, we find excellent\nqualitative agreement between our theory and molecular simulations in terms of\nionic cluster statistics and the effective charges of the alkali cations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Short Introduction to Numerical Linked-Cluster Expansions: We provide a pedagogical introduction to numerical linked-cluster expansions\n(NLCEs). We sketch the algorithm for generic Hamiltonians that only connect\nnearest-neighbor sites in a finite cluster with open boundary conditions. We\nthen compare results for a specific model, the Heisenberg model, in each order\nof the NLCE with the ones for the finite cluster calculated directly by means\nof full exact diagonalization. We discuss how to reduce the computational cost\nof the NLCE calculations by taking into account symmetries and topologies of\nthe linked clusters. Finally, we generalize the algorithm to the thermodynamic\nlimit, and discuss several numerical resummation techniques that can be used to\naccelerate the convergence of the series.",
        "positive": "Completeness of the Bethe ansatz for the six and eight-vertex models: We discuss some of the difficulties that have been mentioned in the\nliterature in connection with the Bethe ansatz for the six-vertex model and XXZ\nchain, and for the eight-vertex model. In particular we discuss the ``beyond\nthe equator'', infinite momenta and exact complete string problems. We show how\nthey can be overcome and conclude that the coordinate Bethe ansatz does indeed\ngive a complete set of states, as expected."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coupled transport in rotor models: Steady non-equilibrium states are investigated in a one-dimensional setup in\nthe presence of two thermodynamic currents. Two paradigmatic nonlinear\noscillators models are investigated: an XY chain and the discrete nonlinear\nSchr\\\"odinger equation. Their distinctive feature is that the relevant variable\nis an angle in both cases. We point out the importance of clearly\ndistinguishing between energy and heat flux. In fact, even in the presence of a\nvanishing Seebeck coefficient, a coupling between (angular) momentum and energy\narises, mediated by the unavoidable presence of a \"coherent\" energy flux. Such\na contribution is the result of the \"advection\" induced by the\nposition-dependent angular velocity. As a result, in the XY model, the\nknowledge of the two diagonal elements of the Onsager matrix suffices to\nreconstruct its transport properties. The analysis of the nonequilibrium steady\nstates finally allows to strengthen the connection between the two models.",
        "positive": "Shortest paths on systems with power-law distributed long-range\n  connections: We discuss shortest-path lengths $\\ell(r)$ on periodic rings of size L\nsupplemented with an average of pL randomly located long-range links whose\nlengths are distributed according to $P_l \\sim l^{-\\xpn}$. Using rescaling\narguments and numerical simulation on systems of up to $10^7$ sites, we show\nthat a characteristic length $\\xi$ exists such that $\\ell(r) \\sim r$ for\n$r<\\xi$ but $\\ell(r) \\sim r^{\\theta_s(\\xpn)}$ for $r>>\\xi$. For small p we find\nthat the shortest-path length satisfies the scaling relation\n$\\ell(r,\\xpn,p)/\\xi = f(\\xpn,r/\\xi)$. Three regions with different asymptotic\nbehaviors are found, respectively: a) $\\xpn>2$ where $\\theta_s=1$, b)\n$1<\\xpn<2$ where $0<\\theta_s(\\xpn)<1/2$ and, c) $\\xpn<1$ where $\\ell(r)$\nbehaves logarithmically, i.e. $\\theta_s=0$. The characteristic length $\\xi$ is\nof the form $\\xi \\sim p^{-\\nu}$ with $\\nu=1/(2-\\xpn)$ in region b), but depends\non L as well in region c). A directed model of shortest-paths is solved and\ncompared with numerical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "General relations between the power, efficiency and dissipation for the\n  irreversible heat engines in the nonlinear response regime: We derive the general relations between the maximum power, maximum efficiency\nand minimum dissipation for the irreversible heat engine in nonlinear response\nregime. In this context, we use the minimally nonlinear irreversible model and\nobtain the lower and upper bounds of the above relations for the asymmetric\ndissipation limits. These relations can be simplified further when the system\npossesses the time-reversal symmetry or anti-symmetry. We find that our results\nare the generalization of various such relations obtained earlier for different\nheat engines.",
        "positive": "Vicious walks with long-range interactions: The asymptotic behaviour of the survival or reunion probability of vicious\nwalks with short-range interactions is generally well studied. In many\nrealistic processes, however, walks interact with a long ranged potential that\ndecays in $d$ dimensions with distance $r$ as $r^{-d-\\sigma}$. We employ\nmethods of renormalized field theory to study the effect of such long range\ninteractions. We calculate, for the first time, the exponents describing the\ndecay of the survival probability for all values of parameters $\\sigma$ and $d$\nto first order in the double expansion in $\\epsilon=2-d$ and\n$\\delta=2-d-\\sigma$. We show that there are several regions in the $\\sigma-d$\nplane corresponding to different scalings for survival and reunion\nprobabilities. Furthermore, we calculate the leading logarithmic corrections\nfor the first time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear response of Bloch electrons in infinite dimensions: The exact nonlinear response of noninteracting (Bloch) electrons is examined\nwithin a nonequilibrium formalism on the infinite-dimensional hypercubic\nlattice. We examine the effects of a spatially uniform, but time-varying\nelectric field (ignoring magnetic-field effects). The electronic Green's\nfunctions, Wigner density of states, and time-varying current are all\ndetermined and analyzed. We study both constant and pulsed electric fields,\nfocusing on the transient response region. These noninteracting Green's\nfunctions are an important input into nonequilibrium dynamical mean field\ntheory for the nonlinear response of strongly correlated electrons.",
        "positive": "Anderson Localization in Euclidean Random Matrices: We study spectra and localization properties of Euclidean random matrices.\nThe problem is approximately mapped onto that of a matrix defined on a random\ngraph. We introduce a powerful method to find the density of states and the\nlocalization threshold. We solve numerically an exact equation for the\nprobability distribution function of the diagonal element of the the resolvent\nmatrix, with a population dynamics algorithm, and we show how this can be used\nto find the localization threshold. An application of the method in the context\nof the Instantaneous Normal Modes of a liquid system is given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Integrability breaking in the Rule 54 cellular automaton: Cellular automata have recently attracted a lot of attention as testbeds to\nexplore the emergence of many-body quantum chaos and hydrodynamics. We consider\nthe Rule 54 model, one of the simplest interacting integrable models featuring\ntwo species of quasiparticles (solitons), in the presence of an\nintegrability-breaking perturbation that allows solitons to backscatter. We\nstudy the onset of thermalization and diffusive hydrodynamics in this model,\ncompute perturbatively the diffusion constant of tracer particles, and comment\non its relation to transport coefficients.",
        "positive": "Localization of elastic waves in heterogeneous media with off-diagonal\n  disorder and long-range correlations: Using the Martin-Siggia-Rose method, we study propagation of acoustic waves\nin strongly heterogeneous media which are characterized by a broad distribution\nof the elastic constants. Gaussian-white distributed elastic constants, as well\nas those with long-range correlations with non-decaying power-law correlation\nfunctions, are considered. The study is motivated in part by a recent discovery\nthat the elastic moduli of rock at large length scales may be characterized by\nlong-range power-law correlation functions. Depending on the disorder, the\nrenormalization group (RG) flows exhibit a transition to localized regime in\n{\\it any} dimension. We have numerically checked the RG results using the\ntransfer-matrix method and direct numerical simulations for one- and\ntwo-dimensional systems, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Growing Correlation Length in Glasses: The growing correlation length observed in supercooled liquids as their\ntemperature is lowered has been studied with the aid of a single occupancy cell\nmodel. This model becomes more accurate as the density of the system is\nincreased. One of its advantages is that it permits a simple mapping to a spin\nsystem and the effective spin Hamiltonian is easily obtained for smooth\ninterparticle potentials. For a binary liquid mixture the effective spin\nHamiltonian is in the universality class of the Ising spin glass in a field. No\nphase transition at finite temperatures is therefore expected and the\ncorrelation length will stay finite right down to zero temperature. For binary\nmixtures of hard disks and spheres we were not able to obtain the effective\nspin Hamiltonian analytically, but have done simulations to obtain its form. It\nagain is in the universality class of the Ising spin glass in a field. However,\nin this case the effective field can be shown to go to zero at the density of\nmaximum packing in the model, (which is close to that of random close packing),\nwhich means that the correlation length will diverge as the density approaches\nits maximum. The exponent nu describing the divergence is related in d\ndimensions to the Ising spin glass domain wall energy exponent theta.",
        "positive": "Anomalous diffusion with absorption: Exact time-dependent solutions: Recently, analytical solutions of a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation\ndescribing anomalous diffusion with an external linear force were found using a\nnon extensive thermostatistical Ansatz. We have extended these solutions to the\ncase when an homogeneous absorption process is also present. Some peculiar\naspects of the interrelation between the deterministic force, the nonlinear\ndiffusion and the absorption process are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coherence properties of the two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate: We present a detailed finite-temperature Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB)\ntreatment of the two-dimensional trapped Bose gas. We highlight the numerical\nmethods required to obtain solutions to the HFB equations within the Popov\napproximation, the derivation of which we outline. This method has previously\nbeen applied successfully to the three-dimensional case and we focus on the\nunique features of the system which are due to its reduced dimensionality.\nThese can be found in the spectrum of low-lying excitations and in the\ncoherence properties. We calculate the Bragg response and the coherence length\nwithin the condensate in analogy with experiments performed in the\nquasi-one-dimensional regime [Richard et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 010405\n(2003)] and compare to results calculated for the one-dimensional case. We then\nmake predictions for the experimental observation of the quasicondensate phase\nvia Bragg spectroscopy in the quasi-two-dimensional regime.",
        "positive": "$SU(2)/Z_2$ symmetry of the BKT transition and twisted boundary conditio\n  n: Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition, the transition of the 2D\nsine-Gordon model, plays an important role in the low dimensional physics. We\nrelate the operator content of the BKT transition to that of the SU(2)\nWess-Zumino-Witten model, using twisted boundary conditions. With this method,\nin order to determine the BKT critical point, we can use the level crossing of\nthe lower excitations than the periodic boundary case, thus the convergence to\nthe transition point is highly improved. Then we verify the efficiency of this\nmethod by applying to the S=1,2 spin chains."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solid on Solid Model for Surface Growth in 2+1 Dimensions: We analyze in detail the Solid-On-Solid model (SOS) for growth processes on a\nsquare substrate in 2+1 dimensions. By using the Markovian surface properties,\nwe introduce an alternative approach for determining the roughness exponent of\na special type of SOS model-the Restricted-Solid-On-Solid model (RSOS)- in 2+1\ndimensions. This model is the SOS model with the additional restriction that\nthe height difference must be S=1. Our numerical results show that the\nbehaviour of the SOS model in 2+1 dimensions for approximately $S\\geq\nS_{\\times}\\sim 8$ belongs to the two different universality classes: during the\ninitial time stage, $t< t_{\\times}$ it belongs to the Random-Deposition (RD)\nclass, while for $t_{\\times}<t\\ll t_{sat}$ it belongs to the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class. The crossover time ($t_{\\times}$)\nis related to S via a power law with exponent, $\\eta=1.99\\pm0.02$ at $1\\sigma$\nconfidence level which is the same as that for 1+1 dimensions reported in Ref.\n\\cite{e1}. Using the structure function, we compute the roughness exponent. In\ncontrast to the growth exponent, the roughness exponent does not show crossover\nfor different values of S. The scaling exponents of the structure function for\nfixed values of separation distance versus S in one and two space dimensions\nare $\\xi=0.92\\pm0.05$ and $\\xi=0.86\\pm0.05$ at $1\\sigma$ confidence level,\nrespectively.",
        "positive": "Slave particle approach to the finite temperature properties of\n  ultracold Bose gases in optical lattices: By using slave particle (slave boson and slave fermion) technique on the\nBose-Hubbard model, we study the finite temperature properties of ultracold\nBose gases in optical lattices. The phase diagrams at finite temperature are\ndepicted by including different types of slave particles and the effect of the\nfinite types of slave particles is estimated. The superfluid density is\nevaluated using the Landau second order phase transition theory. The atom\ndensity, excitation spectrum and dispersion curve are also computed at various\ntemperatures, and how the Mott-insulator evolves as the temperature increases\nis demonstrated. For most quantities to be calculated, we find that there are\nno qualitatively differences in using the slave boson or the slave fermion\napproaches. However, when studying the stability of the mean field state, we\nfind that in contrast to the slave fermion approach, the slave boson mean field\nstate is not stable. Although the slave boson mean field theory gives a\nqualitatively correct phase boundary, it corresponds to a local maximum of\nLandau free energy and can not describe the second order phase transition\nbecause the coefficient $a_4$ of the fourth order term is always negative in\nthe free energy expansion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conditional reversibility in nonequilibrium stochastic systems: For discrete-state stochastic systems obeying Markovian dynamics, we\nestablish the counterpart of the conditional reversibility theorem obtained by\nGallavotti for deterministic systems [Ann. de l'Institut Henri Poincar\\'e (A)\n70, 429 (1999)]. Our result states that stochastic trajectories conditioned on\nopposite values of entropy production are related by time reversal, in the\nlong-time limit. In other words, the probability of observing a particular\nsequence of events, given a long trajectory with a specified entropy production\nrate $\\sigma$, is the same as the probability of observing the time-reversed\nsequence of events, given a trajectory conditioned on the opposite entropy\nproduction, $-\\sigma$, where both trajectories are sampled from the same\nunderlying Markov process. To obtain our result, we use an equivalence between\nconditioned (\"microcanonical\") and biased (\"canonical\") ensembles of\nnonequilibrium trajectories. We provide an example to illustrate our findings.",
        "positive": "Directed rigidity and bootstrap percolation in (1+1) dimensions: We study directed rigidity percolation (equivalent to directed bootstrap\npercolation) on three different lattices: square, triangular, and augmented\ntriangular. The first two of these display a first-order transition at p=1,\nwhile the augmented triangular lattice shows a continuous transition at a\nnon-trivial p_c. On the augmented triangular lattice we find, by extensive\nnumerical simulation, that the directed rigidity percolation transition belongs\nto the same universality class as directed percolation. The same conclusion is\nreached by studying its surface critical behavior, i.e. the spreading of\nrigidity from finite clusters close to a non-rigid wall. Near the discontinuous\ntransition at p=1 on the triangular lattice, we are able to calculate the\nfinite-size behavior of the density of rigid sites analytically. Our results\nare confirmed by numerical simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Liesegang patterns: Effect of dissociation of the invading electrolyte: The effect of dissociation of the invading electrolyte on the formation of\nLiesegang bands is investigated. We find, using organic compounds with known\ndissociation constants, that the spacing coefficient, 1+p, that characterizes\nthe position of the n-th band as x_n ~ (1+p)^n, decreases with increasing\ndissociation constant, K_d. Theoretical arguments are developed to explain\nthese experimental findings and to calculate explicitly the K_d dependence of\n1+p.",
        "positive": "Multifractal current distribution in random diode networks: Recently it has been shown analytically that electric currents in a random\ndiode network are distributed in a multifractal manner [O. Stenull and H. K.\nJanssen, Europhys. Lett. 55, 691 (2001)]. In the present work we investigate\nthe multifractal properties of a random diode network at the critical point by\nnumerical simulations. We analyze the currents running on a directed\npercolation cluster and confirm the field-theoretic predictions for the scaling\nbehavior of moments of the current distribution. It is pointed out that a\nrandom diode network is a particularly good candidate for a possible\nexperimental realization of directed percolation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise-induced metastability in biochemical networks: Intra-cellular biochemical reactions exhibit a rich dynamical phenomenology\nwhich cannot be explained within the framework of mean-field rate equations and\nadditive noise. Here, we show that the presence of metastable states and\nradically different timescales are general features of a broad class of\nautocatalyic reaction networks, and moreover, that this fact may be exploited\nto gain analytical results. The latter point is demonstrated by a treatment of\nthe paradigmatic Togashi-Kaneko reaction, which has resisted theoretical\nanalysis for the last decade.",
        "positive": "Upside/Downside statistical mechanics of nonequilibrium Brownian motion.\n  II. Heat transfer and energy partitioning of a free particle: The energy partitioning during activation and relaxation events under\nsteady-state conditions for a Brownian particle driven by multiple thermal\nreservoirs of different local temperatures is investigated. Specifically, we\napply the formalism derived in a previous article [G. T. Craven and A. Nitzan,\nJ. Chem. Phys. 148, 044101 (2018)] to examine the thermal transport properties\nof two sub-ensembles of Brownian processes, distinguished at any given time by\nthe specification that all the trajectories in each group have, at that time,\nenergy either above (upside) or below (downside) a preselected energy\nthreshold. Dynamical properties describing energy accumulation and release\nduring activation/relaxation events and relations for upside/downside energy\npartitioning between thermal reservoirs are derived. The implications for heat\ntransport induced by upside and downside events are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergence of Clusters in Growing Networks with Aging: We study numerically a model of nonequilibrium networks where nodes and links\nare added at each time step with aging of nodes and connectivity- and\nage-dependent attachment of links. By varying the effects of age in the\nattachment probability we find, with numerical simulations and scaling\narguments, that a giant cluster emerges at a first-order critical point and\nthat the problem is in the universality class of one dimensional percolation.\nThis transition is followed by a change in the giant cluster's topology from\ntree-like to quasi-linear, as inferred from measurements of the average\nshortest-path length, which scales logarithmically with system size in one\nphase and linearly in the other.",
        "positive": "Algorithm for Linear Response Functions at Finite Temperatures:\n  Application to ESR spectrum of s=1/2 Antiferromagnet Cu benzoate: We introduce an efficient and numerically stable method for calculating\nlinear response functions $\\chi(\\vec{q},\\omega)$ of quantum systems at finite\ntemperatures. The method is a combination of numerical solution of the\ntime-dependent Schroedinger equation, random vector representation of trace,\nand Chebyshev polynomial expansion of Boltzmann operator. This method should be\nvery useful for a wide range of strongly correlated quantum systems at finite\ntemperatures. We present an application to the ESR spectrum of s=1/2\nantiferromagnet Cu benzoate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On relaxation phenomena in a two-component plasma: The relaxation of temperatures and velocities of the components of a\nquasi-equilibrium two-component homogeneous completely ionized plasma is\ninvestigated on the basis of a generalization of the Chapman-Enskog method\napplied to the Landau kinetic equation. The generalization is based on the\nfunctional hypothesis in order to account for the presence of kinetic modes of\nthe system. In the approximation of a small difference of the component\ntemperatures and velocities, it is shown that relaxation really exists (the\nrelaxation rates are positive). The proof is based on the arguments that are\nvalid for an arbitrary two-component system. The equations describing the\ntemperature and velocity kinetic modes of the system are investigated in a\nperturbation theory in the square root of the small electron-to-ion mass ratio.\nThe equations of each order of this perturbation theory are solved with the\nhelp of the Sonine polynomial expansion. Corrections to the known Landau\nresults related to the distribution functions of the plasma and relaxation\nrates are obtained. The hydrodynamic theory based on these results should take\ninto account a violation of local equilibrium in the presence of relaxation\nprocesses.",
        "positive": "Solution of a generalised Boltzmann's equation for non-equilibrium\n  charged particle transport via localised and delocalised states: We present a general phase-space kinetic model for charged particle transport\nthrough combined localised and delocalised states, capable of describing\nscattering collisions, trapping, detrapping and losses. The model is described\nby a generalised Boltzmann equation, for which an analytical solution is found\nin Fourier-Laplace space. The velocity of the centre of mass (CM) and the\ndiffusivity about it are determined analytically, together with the flux\ntransport coefficients. Transient negative values of the free particle CM\ntransport coefficients can be observed due to the trapping to, and detrapping\nfrom, localised states. A Chapman-Enskog type perturbative solution technique\nis applied, confirming the analytical results and highlighting the emergence of\na density gradient representation in the weak-gradient hydrodynamic regime. A\ngeneralised diffusion equation with a unique global time operator is shown to\narise, reducing to the standard diffusion equation and a Caputo fractional\ndiffusion equation in the normal and dispersive limits. A subordination\ntransformation is used to solve the generalised diffusion equation by mapping\nfrom the solution of a corresponding standard diffusion equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mangetic phase transition for three-dimensional Heisenberg weak random\n  anisotropy model: Monte Carlo study: Magnetic phase transition (MPT) to magnetic quasi-long-range order (QLRO)\nphase in a three-dimensional Heisenberg weak (D/J=4) random anisotropy (RA)\nmodel is investigated by Monte Carlo simulation. The isotropic and cubic\ndistributions of RA axes are considered for simple-cubic-lattice systems.\nFinite-size scaling analysis shows that the critical couplings for the former\nand latter are K_c= 0.70435(2) and K_c=0.70998(4), respectively. While the\ncritical exponent 1/\\nu =1.40824(0) is the same for both cases. A second-order\nMPT to the QLRO phase is therefore evidenced to be possible in favor with the\nexistence of the QLRO predicted by recent functional renormalization group\ntheories.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation Theorems Containing Information for Autonomous Maxwell's\n  Demon-assisted Machines: In this article, we introduce two kinds of Fluctuation Theorems (FT)\ncontaining information for autonomous Maxwell's demon-assisted machines. Using\nJensen's Inequality, we obtain Landauer's principle formulation of the second\nlaw for the whole process of the machine. Finally we make use of our results to\nanalyze a new information device. \\pacs{05.70.Ln, 05.40.-a, 89.70.Cf}"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarsening in surface growth models without slope selection: We study conserved models of crystal growth in one dimension [$\\partial_t\nz(x,t) =-\\partial_x j(x,t)$] which are linearly unstable and develop a mound\nstructure whose typical size L increases in time ($L = t^n$). If the local\nslope ($m =\\partial_x z$) increases indefinitely, $n$ depends on the exponent\n$\\gamma$ characterizing the large $m$ behaviour of the surface current $j$ ($j\n= 1/|m|^\\gamma$): $n=1/4$ for $1< \\gamma <3$ and $n=(1+\\gamma)/(1+5\\gamma)$ for\n$\\gamma>3$.",
        "positive": "Simple strong glass forming models: mean-field solution with activation: We introduce simple models, inspired by previous models for froths and\ncovalent glasses, with trivial equilibrium properties but dynamical behaviour\ncharacteristic of strong glass forming systems. These models are also a\ngeneralization of backgammon or urn models to a non--constant number of\nparticles, where entropic barriers are replaced by energy barriers, allowing\nfor the existence of activated processes. We formulate a mean--field version of\nthe models, which keeps most of the features of the finite dimensional ones,\nand solve analytically the out--of--equilibrium dynamics in the low temperature\nregime where activation plays an essential role."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Grad's moment method for a granular fluid at moderate densities.\n  Navier-Stokes transport coefficients: The Navier-Stokes transport coefficients of a granular dense fluid of smooth\ninelastic hard disks or spheres are explicitly determined by solving the\ninelastic Enskog equation by means of Grad's moment method. The transport\ncoefficients are explicitly determined as functions of the (constant)\ncoefficient of restitution and the solid volume fraction. In addition, the\ncooling rate is also calculated to first order in the spatial gradients. The\ncalculations are performed for an arbitrary number of dimensions. The results\nare not limited to small dissipation and are expected to apply at moderate\ndensities. It is found that the expressions of the Navier-Stokes transport\ncoefficients and the cooling rate agree with those previously obtained from the\nChapman-Enskog method by using the leading terms in a Sonine polynomial\nexpansion. This shows the equivalence between both methods for granular fluids\nin the Navier-Stokes approximation. A comparison with previous results derived\nfrom Grad's moment method for inelastic disks and spheres is also carried out.",
        "positive": "Unified static renormalization-group treatment of finite-temperature\n  crossovers close to a quantum critical point: A nonconventional renormalization-group (RG) treatment close to and below\nfour dimensions is used to explore, in a unified and systematic way, the\nlow-temperature properties of a wide class of systems in the influence domain\nof their quantum critical point. The approach consists in a preliminary\naveraging over quantum degrees of freedom and a successive employment of the\nWilsonian RG transformation to treat the resulting effective classical\nGinzburg-Landau free energy functional. This allows us to perform a detailed\nstudy of criticality of the quantum systems under study. The emergent physics\nagrees, in many aspects, with the known quantum critical scenario. However, a\nricher structure of the phase diagram appears with additional crossovers which\nare not captured by the traditional RG studies. In addition, in spite of the\nintrinsically static nature of our theory, predictions about the dynamical\ncritical exponent, which parametrizes the link between statics and dynamics\nclose to a continuous phase transition, are consistently derived from our\nstatic results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation - induced forces in critical fluids: The current knowledge about fluctuation - induced long - ranged forces is\nsummarized. Reference is made in particular to fluids near critical points, for\nwhich some new insight has been obtained recently. Where appropiate, results of\nanalytic theory are compared with computer simulations and experiments.",
        "positive": "Novel considerations about the non-equilibrium regime of the tricritical\n  point in a metamagnetic model: localization and tricritical exponents: We have investigated the time-dependent regime of a two-dimensional\nmetamagnetic model at its tricritical point via Monte Carlo simulations. First\nof all, we obtained the temperature and magnetic field corresponding to the\ntricritical point of the model by using a refinement process based on\noptimization of the coefficient of determination in the log-log fit of\nmagnetization decay as function of time. With these estimates in hand, we\nobtained the dynamic tricritical exponents $\\theta $ and $z$ and the static\ntricritical exponents $\\nu $ and $\\beta $ by using the universal power-law\nscaling relations for the staggered magnetization and its moments at early\nstage of the dynamic evolution. Our results at tricritical point confirm that\nthis model belongs to the two-dimensional Blume-Capel model universality class\nfor both static and dynamic behaviors, and also they corroborate the conjecture\nof Janssen and Oerding for the dynamics of tricritical points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarsening of \"clouds\" and dynamic scaling in a far-from-equilibrium\n  model system: A two-dimensional lattice gas of two species, driven in opposite directions\nby an external force, undergoes a jamming transition if the filling fraction is\nsufficiently high. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the growth of\nthese jams (\"clouds\"), as the system approaches a non-equilibrium steady state\nfrom a disordered initial state. We monitor the dynamic structure factor\n$S(k_x,k_y;t)$ and find that the $k_x=0$ component exhibits dynamic scaling, of\nthe form $S(0,k_y;t)=t^\\beta \\tilde{S}(k_yt^\\alpha)$. Over a significant range\nof times, we observe excellent data collapse with $\\alpha=1/2$ and $\\beta=1$.\nThe effects of varying filling fraction and driving force are discussed.",
        "positive": "Percolation of aligned rigid rods on two-dimensional triangular lattices: The percolation behavior of aligned rigid rods of length $k$ ($k$-mers) on\ntwo-dimensional triangular lattices has been studied by numerical simulations\nand finite-size scaling analysis. The $k$-mers, containing $k$ identical units\n(each one occupying a lattice site), were irreversibly deposited along one of\nthe directions of the lattice. The connectivity analysis was carried out by\nfollowing the probability $R_{L,k}(p)$ that a lattice composed of $L \\times L$\nsites percolates at a concentration $p$ of sites occupied by particles of size\n$k$. The results, obtained for $k$ ranging from 2 to 80, showed that the\npercolation threshold $p_c(k)$ exhibits a increasing function when it is\nplotted as a function of the $k$-mer size. The dependence of $p_c(k)$ was\ndetermined, being $p_c(k)=A+B/(C+\\sqrt{k})$, where $A = p_c(k \\rightarrow\n\\infty)= 0.582(9)$ is the value of the percolation threshold by infinitely long\n$k$-mers, $B =-0.47(0.21)$ and $C = 5.79(2.18)$. This behavior is completely\ndifferent to that observed for square lattices, where the percolation threshold\ndecreases with $k$. In addition, the effect of the anisotropy on the properties\nof the percolating phase was investigated. The results revealed that, while for\nfinite systems the anisotropy of the deposited layer favors the percolation\nalong the parallel direction to the nematic axis, in the thermodynamic limit,\nthe value of the percolation threshold is the same in both parallel and\ntransversal directions. Finally, an exhaustive study of critical exponents and\nuniversality was carried out, showing that the phase transition occurring in\nthe system belongs to the standard random percolation universality class\nregardless of the value of $k$ considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface scaling behavior of isotropic Heisenberg systems: Critical\n  exponents, structure factor, and profiles: The surface scaling behavior of classical isotropic Heisenberg magnets is\ninvestigated by Monte - Carlo methods in d=3 dimensions for various values of\nthe surface - to - bulk coupling ratio J_1/J. For J_1/J <= 1.0 critical\nbehavior according to the ordinary surface universality class is found. New\nestimates for magnetic surface exponents are presented and compared to older\nestimates and their theoretical counterparts. For J_1/J >= 2.0 scaling is still\nvalid with effective exponents which depend on J_1/J. The surface structure\nfactor S_1(p,L) is investigated at bulk criticality as function of the momentum\ntransfer p parallel to the surface and the system size L. For J_1/J <= 1.0 and\nJ_1/J >= 2.0 the full p dependence of S_1(p,L) can be captured by generalized\nshape functions to a remarkable accuracy. Profiles of the magnetization and the\nenergy density also confirm scaling, where for J_1/J <= 1.0 the ordinary\nsurface universality class is recovered and for J_1/J >= 2.0 scaling with J_1/J\ndependent exponents is found. For J_1/J = 1.5 the system displays a striking\ncrossover behavior from spurious long - range surface order to the ordinary\nsurface universality class. For J_1/J >= 2.0 the effective scaling laws must be\ninterpreted as nonasymptotic and the value J_1/J = 1.5 marks a crossover\nregime, in which the crossover from the nonasymptotic to the asymptotic\n(ordinary) surface scaling behavior can be resolved within numerically\nattainable system sizes.",
        "positive": "Anomalous Fisher-like zeros for the canonical partition function of\n  noninteracting fermions: Noninteracting fermions, placed in a system with a continuous density of\nstates, may have zeros in the $N$-fermion canonical partition function on the\npositive real $\\beta$ axis (or very close to it), even for a small number of\nparticles. This results in a singular free energy, and instability in other\nthermal properties of the system. In the context of trapped fermions in a\nharmonic oscillator, these zeros are shown to be unphysical. By contrast,\nsimilar bosonic calculations with continuous density of states yield sensible\nresults.Noninteracting fermions, placed in a system with a continuous density\nof states yield sensible results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Permeability up-scaling using Haar wavelets: In the context of flow in porous media, up-scaling is the coarsening of a\ngeological model and it is at the core of water resources research and\nreservoir simulation. An ideal up-scaling procedure preserves heterogeneities\nat different length-scales but reduces the computational costs required by\ndynamic simulations. A number of up-scaling procedures have been proposed. We\npresent a block renormalization algorithm using Haar wavelets which provide a\nrepresentation of data based on averages and fluctuations.\n  In this work, absolute permeability will be discussed for single-phase\nincompressible creeping flow in the Darcy regime, leading to a finite\ndifference diffusion type equation for pressure. By transforming the terms in\nthe flow equation, given by Darcy's law, and assuming that the change in scale\ndoes not imply a change in governing physical principles, a new equation is\nobtained, identical in form to the original. Haar wavelets allow us to relate\nthe pressures to their averages and apply the transformation to the entire\nequation, exploiting their orthonormal property, thus providing values for the\ncoarse permeabilities.\n  Focusing on the mean-field approximation leads to an up-scaling where the\nsolution to the coarse scale problem well approximates the averaged fine scale\npressure profile.",
        "positive": "Ground state energy of spin-1/2 fermions in the unitary limit: We present lattice results for the ground state energy of a spin-1/2 fermion\nsystem in the unitary limit, where the effective range of the interaction is\nzero and the scattering length is infinite. We compute the ground state energy\nfor a system of 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22 particles, with equal numbers of up and\ndown spins in a periodic cube. We estimate that in the limit of large number of\nparticles, the ground state energy is 0.25(3) times the ground state energy of\nthe free Fermi system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotic front behavior in an $A+B\\rightarrow 2A$ reaction under\n  subdiffusion: We discuss the front propagation in the $A+B\\rightarrow 2A$ reaction under\nsubdiffusion which is described by continuous time random walks with a\nheavy-tailed power law waiting time probability density function. Using a\ncrossover argument, we discuss the two scaling regimes of the front\npropagation: an intermediate asymptotic regime given by the front solution of\nthe corresponding continuous equation, and the final asymptotics, which is\nfluctuation-dominated and therefore lays out of reach of the continuous scheme.\nWe moreover show that the continuous reaction subdiffusion equation indeed\npossesses a front solution that decelerates and becomes narrow in the course of\ntime. This continuous description breaks down for larger times when the front\ngets atomically sharp. We show that the velocity of such fronts decays in time\nfaster than in the continuous regime.",
        "positive": "Effervescent waves in a binary mixture with non-reciprocal couplings: Non-reciprocal interactions between scalar fields that represent the\nconcentrations of two active species are known to break the parity and\ntime-reversal (PT) symmetries of the equilibrium state, as manifested in the\nemergence of travelling waves. We explore the notion of nonlinear\nnon-reciprocity and consider a model in which the non-reciprocal interactions\ncan depend on the local values of the scalar fields. For generic cases where\nsuch couplings exist, we observe the emergence of spatiotemporal chaos in the\nsteady-state. We associate this chaotic behaviour with a local restoration of\nPT symmetry in fluctuating spatial domains, which leads to the coexistence of\noscillating densities and phase-separated droplets that are spontaneously\ncreated and annihilated. We uncover that this phenomenon, which we denote as\neffervescence, can exist as a dynamical steady-state in large parts of the\nparameter space in two different incarnations, as characterized by the presence\nor absence of an accompanying travelling wave."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Manifestations of Quantum Chaos: Correlation Hole and Bulge: A main feature of a chaotic quantum system is a rigid spectrum where the\nlevels do not cross. We discuss how the presence of level repulsion in lattice\nmany-body quantum systems can be detected from the analysis of their time\nevolution instead of their energy spectra. This approach is advantageous to\nexperiments that deal with dynamics, but have limited or no direct access to\nspectroscopy. Dynamical manifestations of avoided crossings occur at long\ntimes. They correspond to a drop, referred to as correlation hole, below the\nasymptotic value of the survival probability and by a bulge above the\nsaturation point of the von Neumann entanglement entropy and the Shannon\ninformation entropy. In contrast, the evolution of these quantities at shorter\ntimes reflect the level of delocalization of the initial state, but not\nnecessarily a rigid spectrum. The correlation hole is a general indicator of\nthe integrable-chaos transition in disordered and clean models and as such can\nbe used to detect the transition to the many-body localized phase in disordered\ninteracting systems.",
        "positive": "Distribution of winners in truel games: In this work we present a detailed analysis using the Markov chain theory of\nsome versions of the truel game in which three players try to eliminate each\nother in a series of one-to-one competitions, using the rules of the game.\nBesides reproducing some known expressions for the winning probability of each\nplayer, including the equilibrium points, we give expressions for the actual\ndistribution of winners in a truel competition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Degenerate Multiplicity of the $sl_2$ Loop Algebra for the 6V\n  Transfer Matrix at Roots of Unity: We review the main result of cond-mat/0503564. The Hamiltonian of the XXZ\nspin chain and the transfer matrix of the six-vertex model has the $sl_2$ loop\nalgebra symmetry if the $q$ parameter is given by a root of unity,\n$q_0^{2N}=1$, for an integer $N$. We discuss the dimensions of the degenerate\neigenspace generated by a regular Bethe state in some sectors, rigorously as\nfollows: We show that every regular Bethe ansatz eigenvector in the sectors is\na highest weight vector and derive the highest weight ${\\bar d}_k^{\\pm}$, which\nleads to evaluation parameters $a_j$. If the evaluation parameters are\ndistinct, we obtain the dimensions of the highest weight representation\ngenerated by the regular Bethe state.",
        "positive": "The Barrier Method: A Technique for Calculating Very Long Transition\n  Times: In many dynamical systems there is a large separation of time scales between\ntypical events and \"rare\" events which can be the cases of interest. Rare-event\nrates are quite difficult to compute numerically, but they are of considerable\npractical importance in many fields: for example transition times in chemical\nphysics and extinction times in epidemiology can be very long, but are quite\nimportant. We present a very fast numerical technique that can be used to find\nlong transition times (very small rates) in low-dimensional systems, even if\nthey lack detailed balance. We illustrate the method for a bistable\nnon-equilibrium system introduced by Maier and Stein and a two-dimensional (in\nparameter space) epidemiology model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact prefactors in static and dynamic correlation functions of 1D\n  quantum integrable models: applications to the Calogero-Sutherland,\n  Lieb-Liniger and XXZ models: In this article we demonstrate a recently developed technique which addresses\nthe problem of obtaining non-universal prefactors of the correlation functions\nof 1D systems at zero temperature. Our approach combines the effective field\ntheory description of generic 1D quantum liquids with the finite size scaling\nof form factors (matrix elements) which are obtained using microscopic\ntechniques developed in the context of integrable models. We thus establish\nexact analytic forms for the prefactors of the long-distance behavior of equal\ntime correlation functions as well as prefactors of singularities of dynamic\nresponse functions. In this article our focus is on three specific integrable\nmodels: the Calogero-Sutherland, Lieb-Liniger, and XXZ models.",
        "positive": "Experimental Investigation of Resonant Activation: We experimentally investigate the escape from a metastable state over a\nfluctuating barrier of a physical system. The system is switching between two\nstates under electronic control of a dichotomous noise. We measure the escape\ntime and its probability density function as a function of the correlation rate\nof the dichotomous noise in a frequency interval spanning more than 4 frequency\ndecades. We observe resonant activation, namely a minimum of the average escape\ntime as a function of the correlation rate. We detect two regimes in the study\nof the shape of the escape time probability distribution: (i) a regime of\nexponential and (ii) a regime of non-exponential probability distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics and Correlations among Soft Excitations in Marginally Stable\n  Glasses: Marginal stability is the notion that stability is achieved, but only barely\nso. This property constrains the ensemble of configurations explored at low\ntemperature in a variety of systems, including spin, electron and structural\nglasses. A key feature of marginal states is a (saturated) pseudo-gap in the\ndistribution of soft excitations. We study how such a pseudo-gap appears\ndynamically in the case of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) spin glass. After\nrevisiting and correcting the multi-spin-flip criterion for local stability, we\nshow that stationarity along the hysteresis loop requires that soft spins are\nfrustrated among each other, with a correlation that diverges as\n$C(\\lambda)\\sim 1/\\lambda$, where $\\lambda$ is the larger of two considered\nlocal fields. We explain how this arises spontaneously in a marginal system and\ndevelop an analogy between the spin dynamics in the SK model and random walks\nin two dimensions. We discuss the applicability of these findings to hard\nsphere packings.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics for stationary turbulent dispersion: We propose a unified framework to study the turbulent transport problem from\nthe perspective of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. By combining\nKrarichnan's turbulence thermalization assumption and Ruelle's recent work on\nnonequilibrium statistical mechanics settings for fluids, we show that the\nequation for viscous fluid can be viewed as the non-canonical Hamiltonian\nsystem perturbed by different thermostats. This allows an analogy between the\nviscous fluid and the nonequilibrium heat conduction model where the Fourier\nmodes can be regarded as the ''particles''. With this framework, we reformulate\nthe dispersion of Lagrangian particles in turbulence as a nonequilibrium\ntransport problem. We also derive the first and the second generalized\nfluctuation-dissipation relations for the Lagrangian particle using\nrespectively the path-integral technique and the Mori-Zwanzig equation. The\nobtained theoretical results can be used predict the dispersion of the\nLagrangian particle in a general nonequilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An exactly solvable model of the BCS-BEC crossover: We discuss an integrable model of interacting Fermions in one dimension, that\nallows an exact description of the crossover from a BCS- to a Bose-like\nsuperfluid. This model bridges the Gaudin-Yang model of attractive spin 1/2\nFermions to the Lieb-Liniger model of repulsive Bosons. Using a geometric\nresonance in the one-dimensional scattering length, the inverse coupling\nconstant varies from minus infinity to plus infinity while the system evolves\nfrom a BCS-like state through a Tonks gas to a weakly interacting Bose gas of\ndimers. We study the ground state energy, the elementary density and spin\nexcitations, and the correlation functions. An experimental realization with\ncold atoms of such a one-dimensional BCS-BEC crossover is proposed.",
        "positive": "First-passage time of run-and-tumble particles: We solve the problem of first-passage time for run-and-tumble particles in\none dimension. Exact expression is derived for the mean first-passage time in\nthe general case, considering external force-fields and chemotactic-fields,\ngiving rise to space dependent swim-speed and tumble rate. Agreement between\ntheoretical formulae and numerical simulations is obtained in the analyzed case\nstudies -- constant and sinusoidal force fields, constant gradient chemotactic\nfield. Reported findings can be useful to get insights into very different\nphenomena involving active particles, such as bacterial motion in external\nfields, intracellular transport, cell migration, animal foraging."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Opposite Thermodynamic Arrows of Time: A model in which two weakly coupled systems maintain opposite running\nthermodynamic arrows of time is exhibited. Each experiences its own retarded\nelectromagnetic interaction and can be seen by the other. The possibility of\nopposite-arrow systems at stellar distances is explored and a relation to dark\nmatter suggested.",
        "positive": "Improved Upper Bounds on the Asymptotic Growth Velocity of Eden Clusters: We consider the asymptotic shape of clusters in the Eden model on a\nd-dimensional hypercubical lattice. We discuss two improvements for the\nwell-known upper bound to the growth velocity in different directions by that\nof the independent branching process (IBP). In the IBP, each cell gives rise to\na daughter cell at a neighboring site at a constant rate. In the first\nimprovement, we do not allow such births along the bond connecting the cell to\nits mother cell. In the second, we iteratively evolve the system by a growth as\nIBP for a duration $\\Delta$ t, followed by culling process in which if any cell\nproduced a descendant within this interval, who occupies the same site as the\ncell itself, then the descendant is removed. We study the improvement on the\nupper bound on the velocity for different dimensions d. The bounds are\nasymptotically exact in the large-d limit. But in $d =2$, the improvement over\nthe IBP approximation is only a few percent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise-controlled bistability in an excitable system with positive\n  feedback: We study the interplay between noise and a positive feedback mechanism in an\nexcitable system that generates events. We show that such a system can exhibit\na bistability in the dynamics of the event generation (states of low and high\nactivity). The stability of the two states is determined by the strength of the\nnoise such that a change of noise intensity permits complete control over the\nprobabilities with which the two states are occupied. The bistability also has\nstrong implications for the regularity of the event generation. While the\nirregularity of the interevent interval (short-time variability) and of the\nasymptotic Fano factor of the event count (long-time variability) is limited if\nthe system is only in one of the two states, we show that both measures of\nvariability display giant values if both states are equally likely. The\nlong-time variability is additionally amplified by long-range positive\ncorrelations of the interevent intervals.",
        "positive": "Scaled Brownian motion: a paradoxical process with a time dependent\n  diffusivity for the description of anomalous diffusion: Anomalous diffusion is frequently described by scaled Brownian motion (SBM),\na Gaussian process with a power-law time dependent diffusion coefficient. Its\nmean squared displacement is $\\langle x^2(t)\\rangle\\simeq\\mathscr{K}(t)t$ with\n$\\mathscr{K}(t)\\simeq t^{\\alpha-1}$ for $0<\\alpha<2$. SBM may provide a\nseemingly adequate description in the case of unbounded diffusion, for which\nits probability density function coincides with that of fractional Brownian\nmotion. Here we show that free SBM is weakly non-ergodic but does not exhibit a\nsignificant amplitude scatter of the time averaged mean squared displacement.\nMore severely, we demonstrate that under confinement, the dynamics encoded by\nSBM is fundamentally different from both fractional Brownian motion and\ncontinuous time random walks. SBM is highly non-stationary and cannot provide a\nphysical description for particles in a thermalised stationary system. Our\nfindings have direct impact on the modelling of single particle tracking\nexperiments, in particular, under confinement inside cellular compartments or\nwhen optical tweezers tracking methods are used."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "High order derivatives of Boltzmann microcanonical entropy with an\n  additional conserved quantity: In this article, using a known method, a computation is performed of the\nderivatives of the microcanonical entropy, with respect to the energy up to the\n4-th order, using a Laplace transform technique, and adapted it to the case\nwhere the total momentum is conserved. The outcome of this computation answers\na theoretical question concerning the description of thermodynamics associated\nwith a Hamiltonian flow in presence of an additional conserved quantity besides\nenergy. This is also of practical interest in numerical simulations of the\nmicrocanonical thermodynamics associated to classical Hamiltonian flows.",
        "positive": "The spatial correlations in the velocities arising from a random\n  distribution of point vortices: This paper is devoted to a statistical analysis of the velocity fluctuations\narising from a random distribution of point vortices in two-dimensional\nturbulence. Exact results are derived for the correlations in the velocities\noccurring at two points separated by an arbitrary distance. We find that the\nspatial correlation function decays extremely slowly with the distance. We\ndiscuss the analogy with the statistics of the gravitational field in stellar\nsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jamming percolation and glassy dynamics: We present a detailed physical analysis of the dynamical glass-jamming\ntransition which occurs for the so called Knight models recently introduced and\nanalyzed in a joint work with D.S.Fisher \\cite{letterTBF}. Furthermore, we\nreview some of our previous works on Kinetically Constrained Models.\n  The Knights models correspond to a new class of kinetically constrained\nmodels which provide the first example of finite dimensional models with an\nideal glass-jamming transition. This is due to the underlying percolation\ntransition of particles which are mutually blocked by the constraints. This\njamming percolation has unconventional features: it is discontinuous (i.e. the\npercolating cluster is compact at the transition) and the typical size of the\nclusters diverges faster than any power law when $\\rho\\nearrow\\rho_c$. These\nproperties give rise for Knight models to an ergodicity breaking transition at\n$\\rho_c$: at and above $\\rho_{c}$ a finite fraction of the system is frozen. In\nturn, this finite jump in the density of frozen sites leads to a two step\nrelaxation for dynamic correlations in the unjammed phase, analogous to that of\nglass forming liquids. Also, due to the faster than power law divergence of the\ndynamical correlation length, relaxation times diverge in a way similar to the\nVogel-Fulcher law.",
        "positive": "Critical Exponents for Nuclear Multifragmentation: dynamical lattice\n  model: We present a dynamical and dissipative lattice model, designed to mimic\nnuclear multifragmentation. Monte-Carlo simulations with this model show clear\nsignature of critical behaviour and reproduce experimentally observed\ncorrelations. In particular, using techniques devised for finite systems, we\ncould obtain two of its critical exponents, whose values are in agreement with\nthose of the universality class to which nuclear multifragmentation is supposed\nto belong."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Damping of field-induced chemical potential oscillations in ideal\n  two-band compensated metals: The field and temperature dependence of the de Haas-van Alphen oscillations\nspectrum is studied for an ideal two-dimensional compensated metal. It is shown\nthat the chemical potential oscillations, involved in the frequency\ncombinations observed in the case of uncompensated orbits, are strongly damped\nand can even be suppressed when the effective masses of the electron- and\nhole-type orbits are the same. When magnetic breakdown between bands occurs,\nthis damping is even more pronounced and the Lifshits-Kosevich formalism\naccounts for the data in a wide field range.",
        "positive": "Multiphase region of helimagnetic superlattices at low temperature in an\n  extended six-state clock model: The variety of magnetic phases observed in rare-earth heterostructures at low\ntemperatures \\cite{Jehan}, such as Ho/Y, may be elucidated by an ANNNI-like\nmodel Hamiltonian. In previous work modelling bulk Ho \\cite{Seno}, such a\nHamiltonian with a one-dimensional parameter space produced a single multiphase\npoint. In contrast, the parameter space of the heterostructure model is\nthree-dimensional, and instead of an isolated multiphase point, we find\ntwo-dimensional multiphase regions. In an example of Villain's ``order from\ndisorder'' \\cite{Villain80a,Villain91}, an infinitesimal temperature breaks the\nground-state degeneracy. In first order of a low-temperature expansion, we find\nthat the degeneracy is broken everywhere in a multiphase region except on a\nline. A segment of the line appears to remain multiphase to all orders in a\nlow-temperature expansion when the number $L$ of magnetic layers between\nnon-magnetic spacers is 4 but not for other values of $L$. For L=4, the\nhierarchy of phases more closely resembles that in the ANNNI model than in the\nbulk six-state clock model on which the present model is based."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to `Comment on \"Low-dimensional Bose liquids: beyond the\n  Gross-Pitaevskii approximation\"': This is a published reply to the comment of Bhaduri and Sen, Physical Review\nLetters 86, 4708 (2001), cond-mat/0105385, on our original work, Physical\nReview Letters 85, 1146 (2000), cond-mat/0002282 . In this reply we point out\nthat our continuum theory captures the correct physics of non-interacting\nfermions in one dimension. In contrast, the two proposed alternative theories\nof Bhaduri and Sen produce physically incorrect results. We take this\nopportunity to point out that the abstract of cond-mat/0105385 obscures the\ncontents of the comment and reply. The soliton solutions found in our theory\nare the continuum analogs of solitonic states which are known from exact\nstudies of non-interacting fermions.",
        "positive": "Soluble kagome Ising model in a magnetic field: An Ising model on the kagome lattice with super-exchange interactions is\nsolved exactly under the presence of a nonzero external magnetic field. The\nmodel generalizes the super-exchange model introduced by Fisher in 1960 and is\nanalyzed in light of a free-fermion model. We deduce the critical condition and\npresent detailed analyses of its thermodynamic and magnetic properties. The\nsystem is found to exhibit a second-order transition with logarithmic\nsingularities at criticality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Suppression of scattering from slow to fast subsystems and application\n  to resonantly Floquet-driven impurities in strongly interacting systems: We study solutions to the Lippmann-Schwinger equation in systems where a slow\nsubsystem is coupled to a fast subsystem via an impurity. Such situations\nappear when a high-frequency Floquet-driven impurity is introduced into a\nlow-energy system, but the driving frequency is at resonance with a high-energy\nband. In contrast to the case of resonant bulk driving, where the particles in\nthe low-energy system are excited into the high-energy band, we surprisingly\nfind that these excitations are suppressed for resonantly driven impurities.\nStill, the transmission through the impurity is strongly affected by the\npresence of the high-energy band in a universal way that does not depend on the\ndetails of the high-energy band. We apply our general result to two examples\nand show the suppression of excitations from the low-energy band into the\nhigh-energy band: a) bound pairs in a Fermi-Hubbard chain scattering at a\ndriven impurity, which is at resonance with the Hubbard interaction and b)\nparticles in a deep optical lattice described by the tight-binding\napproximation, which scatter at a driven impurity, whose driving frequency\nequals the band gap between the two lowest energy bands.",
        "positive": "Duality between equilibrium and growing networks: In statistical physics any given system can be either at an equilibrium or\naway from it. Networks are not an exception. Most network models can be\nclassified as either equilibrium or growing. Here we show that under certain\nconditions there exists an equilibrium formulation for any growing network\nmodel, and vice versa. The equivalence between the equilibrium and\nnonequilibrium formulations is exact not only asymptotically, but even for any\nfinite system size. The required conditions are satisfied in random geometric\ngraphs in general and causal sets in particular, and to a large extent in some\nreal networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The six-vertex model at roots of unity and some highest weight\n  representations of the sl(2) loop algebra: We discuss irreducible highest weight representations of the sl(2) loop\nalgebra and reducible indecomposable ones in association with the sl(2) loop\nalgebra symmetry of the six-vertex model at roots of unity. We formulate an\nelementary proof that every highest weight representation with distinct\nevaluation parameters is irreducible. We present a general criteria for a\nhighest weight representation to be irreducble. We also give an example of a\nreducible indecomposable highest weight representation and discuss its\ndimensionality.",
        "positive": "Finite temperature correlation functions in integrable models:\n  derivation of the semiclassical limit from the formfactor expansion: We propose an approach to the problem of finite temperature dynamical\ncorrelation functions in integrable one-dimensional models with a spectral gap.\nThe approach is based on the analysis of the singularities of the operator\nmatrix elements and is not model specific. For the long time, large distance\nasymptotics of the correlation functions we obtain a formula which, as a\nparticular case, contains the expression for the dynamical susceptibility of\nQuantum Ising model suggested by Sachdev and Young, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 78},\n2220 (1997)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random Close Packing and the Hard Sphere Percus-Yevick Theory: The Percus-Yevick theory for monodisperse hard spheres gives very good\nresults for the pressure and structure factor of the system in a whole range of\ndensities that lie within the liquid phase. However, the equation seems to lead\nto a very unacceptable result beyond that region. Namely, the Percus-Yevick\ntheory predicts a smooth behavior of the pressure that diverges only when the\nvolume fraction $\\eta$ approaches unity. Thus, within the theory there seems to\nbe no indication for the termination of the liquid phase and the transition to\na solid or to a glass. In the present article we study the Percus-Yevick hard\nsphere pair distribution function, $g_2(r)$, for various spatial dimensions. We\nfind that beyond a certain critical volume fraction $\\eta_c$, the pair\ndistribution function, $g_2(r)$, which should be positive definite, becomes\nnegative at some distances. We also present an intriguing observation that the\ncritical $\\eta_c$ values we find are consistent with volume fractions where\nonsets of random close packing (or maximally random jammed states) are reported\nin the literature for various dimensions. That observation is supported by an\nintuitive argument. This work may have important implications for other systems\nfor which a Percus-Yevick theory exists.",
        "positive": "Global Phase Diagram of a One-Dimensional Driven Lattice Gas: We investigate the non-equilibrium stationary state of a translationally\ninvariant one-dimensional driven lattice gas with short-range interactions. The\nphase diagram is found to exhibit a line of continuous transitions from a\ndisordered phase to a phase with spontaneous symmetry breaking. At the phase\ntransition the correlation length is infinite and density correlations decay\nalgebraically. Depending on the parameters which define the dynamics, the\ntransition either belongs to the universality class of directed percolation or\nto a universality class of a growth model which preserves the local minimal\nheight. Consequences of some mappings to other models, including a\nparity-conserving branching-annihilation process are briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spontaneous symmetry breaking and Husimi Q-functions in extended Dicke\n  model: We study the emergence of a parity breaking coherent photonic state of a\nphoton mode coupled to finite array of two-level systems, represented by\npseudospins 1/2. The pseudospin-photon interaction is realised via a shift of\nthe photonic oscillator equilibrium position by an amount linear in Cartesian\ncomponent of the total pseudospin. We demonstrate analytically, that the\ninstability is manifested in an upturn from concave to convex of the ground\nstate energy dependence on the total pseudospin component coupled to the\nphotons. The perturbation, sufficient for parity breaking, tends to zero in the\nultrastrong limit of light-matter coupling. We present phase diagram of finite\npseudospin-photon system, that demonstrates this feature. Evolution of Husimi\nQ-functions of the pseudospin and photon subsystems, and of the pseudospin\nentropy, along different trajectories across the phase diagram is presented.",
        "positive": "Merits and Qualms of Work Fluctuations in Classical Fluctuation Theorems: Work is one of the most basic notion in statistical mechanics, with work\nfluctuation theorems being one central topic in nanoscale thermodynamics. With\nHamiltonian chaos commonly thought to provide a foundation for classical\nstatistical mechanics, here we present general salient results regarding how\n(classical) Hamiltonian chaos generically impacts on nonequilibrium work\nfluctuations. For isolated chaotic systems prepared with a microcanonical\ndistribution, work fluctuations are minimized and vanish altogether in\nadiabatic work protocols. For isolated chaotic systems prepared at an initial\ncanonical distribution at inverse temperature $\\beta$, work fluctuations\ndepicted by the variance of $e^{-\\beta W}$ are also minimized by adiabatic work\nprotocols. This general result indicates that if the variance of $e^{-\\beta W}$\ndiverges for an adiabatic work protocol, then it diverges for all nonadiabatic\nwork protocols sharing the same initial and final Hamiltonians. How such\ndivergence explicitly impacts on the efficiency of using the Jarzynski's\nequality to simulate free energy differences is studied in a Sinai model. Our\ngeneral insights shall boost studies in nanoscale thermodynamics and are of\nfundamental importance in designing useful work protocols."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Application of Non-Gaussian Noise in Stochastic Langevin\n  Simulations: In light of recent advances in time-step independent stochastic integrators\nfor Langevin equations, we revisit the considerations for using non-Gaussian\ndistributions for the thermal noise term in discrete-time thermostats. We find\nthat the desirable time-step invariance of the modern methods is rooted in the\nGaussian noise, and that deviations from this distribution will distort the\nBoltzmann statistics arising from the fluctuation-dissipation balance of the\nintegrators. We use the GJ stochastic Verlet methods as the focus of our\ninvestigation since these methods are the ones that contain the most accurate\nthermodynamic measures of existing methods. Within this set of methods we find\nthat any distribution of applied noise, which satisfies the two first moments\ngiven by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, will result in correct, time-step\nindependent results that are generated by the first two moments of the system\ncoordinates. However, if non-Gaussian noise is applied, undesired deviations in\nhigher moments of the system coordinates will appear to the detriment of\nseveral important thermodynamic measures that depend especially on the fourth\nmoments. The deviations, induced by non-Gaussian noise, become significant with\nthe one-time-step velocity attenuation, thereby inhibiting the benefits of the\nmethods. Thus, we conclude that the application of Gaussian noise is necessary\nfor reliable thermodynamic results when using modern stochastic thermostats\nwith large time steps.",
        "positive": "Extended gaussian ensemble solution and tricritical points of a system\n  with long-range interactions: The gaussian ensemble and its extended version theoretically play the\nimportant role of interpolating ensembles between the microcanonical and the\ncanonical ensembles. Here, the thermodynamic properties yielded by the extended\ngaussian ensemble (EGE) for the Blume-Capel (BC) model with infinite-range\ninteractions are analyzed. This model presents different predictions for the\nfirst-order phase transition line according to the microcanonical and canonical\nensembles. From the EGE approach, we explicitly work out the analytical\nmicrocanonical solution. Moreover, the general EGE solution allows one to\nillustrate in details how the stable microcanonical states are continuously\nrecovered as the gaussian parameter $\\gamma$ is increased. We found out that it\nis not necessary to take the theoretically expected limit $\\gamma \\to \\infty$\nto recover the microcanonical states in the region between the canonical and\nmicrocanonical tricritical points of the phase diagram. By analyzing the\nentropy as a function of the magnetization we realize the existence of\nunaccessible magnetic states as the energy is lowered, leading to a treaking of\nergodicity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A violation of universality in anomalous Fourier's law: Since the discovery of long-time tails, it has been clear that Fourier's law\nin low dimensions is typically anomalous, with a size-dependent heat\nconductivity, though the nature of the anomaly remains puzzling. The\nconventional wisdom, supported by renormalization-group arguments and\nmode-coupling approximations within fluctuating hydrodynamics, is that the\nanomaly is universal in 1d momentum-conserving systems and belongs in the\nLevy/Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class. Here we challenge this picture by\nusing a novel scaling method to show unambiguously that universality breaks\ndown in the paradigmatic 1d diatomic hard-point fluid. Hydrodynamic profiles\nfor a broad set of gradients, densities and sizes all collapse onto an\nuniversal master curve, showing that (anomalous) Fourier's law holds even deep\ninto the nonlinear regime. This allows to solve the macroscopic transport\nproblem for this model, a solution which compares flawlessly with data and,\ninterestingly, implies the existence of a bound on the heat current in terms of\npressure. These results question the renormalization-group and mode-coupling\nuniversality predictions for anomalous Fourier's law in 1d, offering a new\nperspective on transport in low dimensions.",
        "positive": "Ageing of complex networks: Many real-world complex networks arise as a result of a competition between\ngrowth and rewiring processes. Usually the initial part of the evolution is\ndominated by growth while the later one rather by rewiring. The initial growth\nallows the network to reach a certain size while rewiring to optimise its\nfunction and topology. As a model example we consider tree networks which first\ngrow in a stochastic process of node attachment and then age in a stochastic\nprocess of local topology changes. The ageing is implemented as a Markov\nprocess that preserves the node-degree distribution. We quantify differences\nbetween the initial and aged network topologies and study the dynamics of the\nevolution. We implement two versions of the ageing dynamics. One is based on\nreshuffling of leaves and the other on reshuffling of branches. The latter one\ngenerates much faster ageing due to non-local nature of changes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Is There a Phase Transition in the Isotropic Heisenberg Antiferromagnet\n  on the Triangular Lattice?: The phase diagram of the classical anisotropic (XXZ) Heisenberg model on the\n2-dimensional triangular lattice is investigated using Monte Carlo methods. In\nthe easy-axis limit, two finite temperature vortex unbinding transitions have\nbeen observed. In the easy-plane limit, there also appear to be two distinct\nfinite temperature phase transitions. The upper transition corresponds to an\nIsing-like chirality ordering and the lower temperature transition corresponds\nto a Kosterlitz-Thouless vortex unbinding transition. These phase transition\nlines all meet at the Heisenberg point and provide strong evidence that the\nisotropic model undergoes a novel finite temperature phase transition.",
        "positive": "From nucleation to percolation: the effect of system size when disorder\n  and stress localization compete: A phase diagram for a one-dimensional fiber bundle model is constructed with\na continuous variation in two parameters guiding the dynamics of the model:\nstrength of disorder and range of stress relaxation. When the range of stress\nrelaxation is very low, the stress concentration plays a prominent role and the\nfailure process is nucleating where a single crack propagates from a particular\nnucleus with a very high spatial correlation unless the disorder strength is\nhigh. On the other hand, a high range of stress relaxation represents the\nmean-field limit of the model where the failure events are random in space. At\nan intermediate disorder strength and stress release range, when these two\nparameters compete, the failure process shows avalanches and precursor\nactivities. As the size of the bundle is increased, it favors a nucleating\nfailure. In the thermodynamic limit, we only observe a nucleating failure\nunless either the disorder strength is extremely high or the stress release\nrange is high enough so that the model is in the mean-field limit. A complex\nphase diagram on the plane of disorder strength, stress release range, and\nsystem size is presented showing different failure modes - (I) nucleation, (II)\navalanche, and (III) percolation, depending on the spatial correlation observed\nduring the failure process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pre-thermal phases of matter protected by time-translation symmetry: In a periodically driven (Floquet) system, there is the possibility for new\nphases of matter, not present in stationary systems, protected by discrete\ntime-translation symmetry. This includes topological phases protected in part\nby time-translation symmetry, as well as phases distinguished by the\nspontaneous breaking of this symmetry, dubbed \"Floquet time crystals\". We show\nthat such phases of matter can exist in the pre-thermal regime of\nperiodically-driven systems, which exists generically for sufficiently large\ndrive frequency, thereby eliminating the need for integrability or strong\nquenched disorder that limited previous constructions. We prove a theorem that\nstates that such a pre-thermal regime persists until times that are nearly\nexponentially-long in the ratio of certain couplings to the drive frequency. By\nsimilar techniques, we can also construct stationary systems which\nspontaneously break *continuous* time-translation symmetry. We argue\nfurthermore that for driven systems coupled to a cold bath, the pre-thermal\nregime could potentially persist to infinite time.",
        "positive": "Quasicondensation and off-diagonal long-range order of hard-core bosons\n  during a free expansion: Quasicondensation in one dimension is known to occur for equilibrium systems\nof hard-core bosons (HCBs) at zero temperature. This phenomenon arises due to\nthe off-diagonal long-range order in the ground state, characterized by a\npower-law decay of the one-particle density matrix $g_1(x,y)\\sim\n|x-y|^{-1/2}$~--~a well-known outcome of Luttinger liquid theory. Remarkably,\nHCBs, when allowed to freely expand from an initial product state (i.e.,\ncharacterized by initial zero correlation), exhibit quasicondensation and\ndemonstrate the emergence of off-diagonal long-range order during\nnonequilibrium dynamics. This phenomenon has been substantiated by numerical\nand experimental investigations in the early 2000s. In this work, we revisit\nthe dynamical quasicondensation of HCBs, providing a fully analytical treatment\nof the issue. In particular, we derive an exact asymptotic formula for the\nequal-time one-particle density matrix by borrowing ideas from the framework of\nquantum Generalized Hydrodynamics. Our findings elucidate the phenomenology of\nquasicondensation and of dynamical fermionization occurring at different stages\nof the time evolution, as well as the crossover between the two."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Edwards thermodynamics and marginal stability in a driven\n  system with dry and viscous friction: We consider a spring-block model with both dry and viscous frictions,\nsubjected to a periodic driving allowing mechanically stable configurations to\nbe sampled. We show that under strong driving, the scaling of the correlation\nlength with the energy density is incompatible with the prediction of Edwards\nstatistical approach, which assumes a uniform sampling of mechanically stable\nconfigurations. A crossover between the Edwards scaling and the non-standard\nhigh energy scaling is observed at energy scales that depend on the viscous\nfriction coefficient. Generalizing Edwards thermodynamics, we propose a\nstatistical framework, based on a sampling of marginally stable states, that is\nable to describe the scaling of the correlation length in the highly viscous\nregime.",
        "positive": "Finite-temperature avalanches in 2D disordered Ising models: We study the qualitative and quantitative properties of the Barkhausen noise\nemerging at finite temperatures in random Ising models. The random-bond Ising\nModel is studied with a Wolff cluster Monte-Carlo algorithm to monitor the\navalanches generated by an external driving magnetic field. Satisfactory\npower-law distributions are found which expand over five decades, with a\ntemperature-dependent critical exponent which matches the existing experimental\nmeasurements. We also focus on a Ising system in which a finite fraction of\ndefects is quenched. Also the presence of defects proves able to induce a\ncritical response to a slowly oscillating magnetic field, though in this case\nthe critical exponent associated with the distributions obtained with different\ndefect fractions and temperatures seems to belong to the same universality\nclass, with a critical exponent equal to 1."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamical Phase transitions, the mean-field theories, and the\n  renormalization (semi)group: A pedagogical introduction: While analyzing second order thermodynamical phase transitions, Lev Landau\n(the famous Russian physicist) introduced a very vital concept, the concept of\nan \"order parameter\". This not only amalgamated the previous fragmentary\ntheoretical understanding of phase transitions (an arsenal of mean-field\ntheories) but also it put forward the important theory of \"spontaneous symmetry\nbreaking\". Today, order parameter concept is a paradigm both in condensed\nmatter physics and in high energy physics, and Landau theory is a pinnacle of\nall mean-field theories. Mean field theories are good qualitative descriptors\nof the phase transition behavior. But all mean-field theories (including\nLandau's theory) fail at the critical point (the problem of large correlation\nlength). The problems with large correlation length in quantum many-body\nsystems are the hardest problems known in theoretical physics (both in\ncondensed matter and in particle physics). It was Ken Wilson's physical\ninsights and his powerful mathematical skills that opened a way to the solution\nof such hard problems.\n  This manuscript is a perspective on these issues. Starting with simple\nexamples of phase transitions (like ice/water; diamond/graphite etc.) we\naddress the following important questions: Why does non-analyticity (sharp\nphase transitions) arise when thermodynamical functions (i.e., free energies\netc) are good analytic functions? How does Landau's program unify all the\nprevious mean-field theories? Why do all the mean-field theories fail near the\ncritical point? How does Wilson's program go beyond all the mean-field\ntheories? What is the origin emergence and universality?",
        "positive": "Debye model for the surface phonons: A quantum description of the surface waves in an isotropic elastic body\nwithout the use of the semiclassical quantization is proposed. The problem\nabout the surface waves is formulated in the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian\nrepresentations. Within the framework of the generalized Debye model, the\ncontribution of the surface phonons (rayleighons) to thermodynamic functions is\ncalculated. It is emphasized that the role of the surface phonons can be\nsignificant and even decisive in low-dimensional systems, granular and porous\nmedia, and that their contribution to the total heat capacity increases with\ndecreasing temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of Infima and Stopping Times of Entropy Production and\n  Applications to Active Molecular Processes: We study the statistics of infima, stopping times and passage probabilities\nof entropy production in nonequilibrium steady states, and show that they are\nuniversal. We consider two examples of stopping times: first-passage times of\nentropy production and waiting times of stochastic processes, which are the\ntimes when a system reaches for the first time a given state. Our main results\nare: (i) the distribution of the global infimum of entropy production is\nexponential with mean equal to minus Boltzmann's constant; (ii) we find the\nexact expressions for the passage probabilities of entropy production to reach\na given value; (iii) we derive a fluctuation theorem for stopping-time\ndistributions of entropy production. These results have interesting\nimplications for stochastic processes that can be discussed in simple colloidal\nsystems and in active molecular processes. In particular, we show that the\ntiming and statistics of discrete chemical transitions of molecular processes,\nsuch as, the steps of molecular motors, are governed by the statistics of\nentropy production. We also show that the extreme-value statistics of active\nmolecular processes are governed by entropy production, for example, the\ninfimum of entropy production of a motor can be related to the maximal\nexcursion of a motor against the direction of an external force. Using this\nrelation, we make predictions for the distribution of the maximum backtrack\ndepth of RNA polymerases, which follows from our universal results for\nentropy-production infima.",
        "positive": "Landau functions for non-interacting bosons: We discuss the statistics of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in a canonical\nensemble of N non-interacting bosons in terms of a Landau function L_N^{BEC}\n(q) defined by the logarithm of the probability distribution of the order\nparameter q for BEC. We also discuss the corresponding Landau function for\nspontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB), which for finite N should be distinguished\nfrom L_N^{BEC}. Only for intinite N BEC and SSB can be described by the same\nLandau function which depends on the dimensionality and on the form of the\nexternal potential in a surprisingly complex manner. For bosons confined by a\nthree-dimensional harmonic trap the Landau function exhibits the usual behavior\nexpected for continuous phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Periodic Airy process and equilibrium dynamics of edge fermions in a\n  trap: We establish an exact mapping between (i) the equilibrium (imaginary time)\ndynamics of non-interacting fermions trapped in a harmonic potential at\ntemperature $T=1/\\beta$ and (ii) non-intersecting Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU)\nparticles constrained to return to their initial positions after time $\\beta$.\nExploiting the determinantal structure of the process we compute the universal\ncorrelation functions both in the bulk and at the edge of the trapped Fermi\ngas. The latter corresponds to the top path of the non-intersecting OU\nparticles, and leads us to introduce and study the time-periodic Airy$_2$\nprocess, ${\\cal A}^b_2(u)$, depending on a single parameter, the period $b$.\nThe standard Airy$_2$ process is recovered for $b=+\\infty$. We discuss\napplications of our results to the real time quantum dynamics of trapped\nfermions.",
        "positive": "A universal graph description for one-dimensional exchange models: We demonstrate that a large class of one-dimensional quantum and classical\nexchange models can be described by the same type of graphs, namely Cayley\ngraphs of the permutation group. Their well-studied spectral properties allow\nus to derive crucial information about those models of fundamental importance\nin both classical and quantum physics, and to completely characterize their\nalgebraic structure. Notably, we prove that the spectral gap can be obtained in\npolynomial computational time, which has strong implications in the context of\nadiabatic quantum computing with quantum spin-chains. This quantity also\ncharacterizes the rate to stationarity of some important classical random\nprocesses such as interchange and exclusion processes. Reciprocally, we use\nresults derived from the celebrated Bethe ansatz to obtain original\nmathematical results about these graphs in the unweighted case. We also discuss\nextensions of this unifying framework to other systems, such as asymmetric\nexclusion processes -- a paradigmatic model in non-equilibrium physics, or the\nmore exotic non-Hermitian quantum systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Regge theory and statistical mechanics: An interesting connection between the Regge theory of scattering, the\nVeneziano amplitude, the Lee-Yang theorems in statistical mechanics and\nnonextensive Renyi entropy is addressed. In this scheme the standard entropy\nand the Renyi entropy appear to be different limits of a unique mathematical\nobject. This framework sheds light on the physical origin of nonextensivity. A\nnon trivial application to spin glass theory is shortly outlined.",
        "positive": "Projection operators in statistical mechanics: a pedagogical approach: The Mori-Zwanzig projection operator formalism is one of the central tools of\nnonequilibrium statistical mechanics, allowing to derive macroscopic equations\nof motion from the microscopic dynamics through a systematic coarse-graining\nprocedure. It is important as a method in physical research and gives many\ninsights into the general structure of nonequilibrium transport equations and\nthe general procedure of microscopic derivations. Therefore, it is a valuable\ningredient of basic and advanced courses in statistical mechanics. However,\naccessible introductions to this method - in particular in its more advanced\nforms - are extremely rare. In this article, we give a simple and systematic\nintroduction to the Mori-Zwanzig formalism, which allows students to understand\nthe methodology in the form it is used in current research. This includes both\nbasic and modern versions of the theory. Moreover, we relate the formalism to\nmore general aspects of statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics. Thereby,\nwe explain how this method can be incorporated into a lecture course on\nstatistical mechanics as a way to give a general introduction to the study of\nnonequilibrium systems. Applications, in particular to spin relaxation and\ndynamical density functional theory, are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical density-density correlations in the one-dimensional Bose gas: The zero-temperature dynamical structure factor of the one-dimensional Bose\ngas with delta-function interaction (Lieb-Liniger model) is computed using a\nhybrid theoretical/numerical method based on the exact Bethe Ansatz solution,\nwhich allows to interpolate continuously between the weakly-coupled\nThomas-Fermi and strongly-coupled Tonks-Girardeau regimes. The results should\nbe experimentally accessible with Bragg spectroscopy.",
        "positive": "Hamiltonian aspects of Bogoliubov quasiparticles: The Bogoliubov particle considered in [cond-mat/0507125] admits, contrarily\nto the claim of the authors, an interesting Hamiltonian structure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Many Faces of Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations Out of Equilibrium: In this paper, we offer to the reader an essential review of the theory of\nFluctuation-Dissipation Relations (FDR), from the first formulations due to\nEinstein and Onsager, to the recent developments in the framework of stochastic\nthermodynamics of non-equilibrium system. We focus on two general approaches,\nsomehow complementary, where out-of-equilibrium contributions to the FDR are\nexpressed in terms of different quantities, related either to the stationary\ndistribution or to the transition rates of the system. In particular, we\ndiscuss applications of the FDR in the general field of causation and\ninference, and in the contexts of non-equilibrium systems, such as spin models,\ngranular media and active matter.",
        "positive": "Nonmutual torques and the unimportance of motility for long-range order\n  in two-dimensional flocks: As the constituent particles of a flock are polar and in a driven state,\ntheir interactions must, in general, be fore-aft asymmetric and non-reciprocal.\nWithin a model that explicitly retains the classical spin angular momentum\nfield of the particles we show that the resulting asymmetric contribution to\ninterparticle torques, if large enough, leads to a buckling instability of the\nflock. Precisely this asymmetry also yields a natural mechanism for a\ndifference between the speed of advection of information along the flock and\nthe speed of the flock itself, concretely establishing that the absence of\ndetailed balance, and not merely the breaking of Galilean invariance, is\ncrucial for this distinction. To highlight this we construct a model of\nasymmetrically interacting spins fixed to lattice points and demonstrate that\nthe speed of advection of polarisation remains non-zero. We delineate the\nconditions on parameters and wavenumber for the existence of the buckling\ninstability. Our theory should be consequential for interpreting the behaviour\nof real animal groups as well as experimental studies of artificial flocks\ncomposed of polar motile rods on substrates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Block renormalization study on the nonequilibrium chiral Ising model: We present a numerical study on the ordering dynamics of a one-dimensional\nnonequilibrium Ising spin system with chirality. This system is characterized\nby a direction-dependent spin update rule. Pairs of $+-$ spins can flip to $++$\nor $--$ with probability $(1-u)$ or to $-+$ with probability $u$ while $-+$\npairs are frozen. The system was found to evolve into the ferromagnetic ordered\nstate at any $u<1$ exhibiting the power-law scaling of the characteristic\nlength scale $\\xi\\sim t^{1/z}$ and the domain wall density $\\rho\\sim\nt^{-\\delta}$. The scaling exponents $z$ and $\\delta$ were found to vary\ncontinuously with the parameter $u$. In order to establish the anomalous\npower-law scaling firmly, we perform the block spin renormalization analysis\nproposed by Basu and Hinrichsen [U. Basu and H. Hinrichsen, J. Stat. Mech.\n(2011) P11023]. Domain walls of $b$ sites are coarse-grained into a block spin\n$\\sigma^b$, and the relative frequencies of two-block patterns $\\sigma^b_1\n\\sigma^b_2$ are measured in the $b\\to\\infty$ and $t\\to\\infty$ limit. These\nindices are expected to be universal. By performing extensive Monte Carlo\nsimulations, we find that the indices also vary continuously with $u$ and that\ntheir values are consistent with the scaling exponents found in the previous\nstudy. This study serves as another evidence for the claim that the\nnonequilibrium chiral Ising model displays the power-law scaling behavior with\ncontinuously varying exponents.",
        "positive": "Boxed Plane Partitions as an Exactly Solvable Boson Model: Plane partitions naturally appear in many problems of statistical physics and\nquantum field theory, for instance, in the theory of faceted crystals and of\ntopological strings on Calabi-Yau threefolds. In this paper a connection is\nmade between the exactly solvable model with the boson dynamical variables and\na problem of enumeration of boxed plane partitions - three dimensional Young\ndiagrams placed into a box of a finite size. The correlation functions of the\nboson model may be considered as the generating functionals of the Young\ndiagrams with the fixed heights of its certain columns. The evaluation of the\ncorrelation functions is based on the Yang-Baxter algebra. The analytical\nanswers are obtained in terms of determinants and they can also be expressed\nthrough the Schur functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations for Steady-State Thermodynamics: A system can be driven out of equilibrium by both time-dependent and\nnonconservative forces, which gives rise to a decomposition of the dissipation\ninto two non-negative components, called the excess and housekeeping entropy\nproductions. We derive thermodynamic uncertainty relations for the excess and\nhousekeeping entropy. These can be used as tools to estimate the individual\ncomponents, which are in general difficult to measure directly. We introduce a\ndecomposition of an arbitrary current into excess and housekeeping parts, which\nprovide lower bounds on the respective entropy production. Furthermore, we also\nprovide a geometric interpretation of the decomposition, and show that the\nuncertainties of the two components are not independent, but rather have to\nobey a joint uncertainty relation, which also yields a tighter bound on the\ntotal entropy production. We apply our results to two examples that illustrate\nthe physical interpretation of the components of the current and how to\nestimate the entropy production.",
        "positive": "The Bayesian Second Law of Thermodynamics: We derive a generalization of the Second Law of Thermodynamics that uses\nBayesian updates to explicitly incorporate the effects of a measurement of a\nsystem at some point in its evolution. By allowing an experimenter's knowledge\nto be updated by the measurement process, this formulation resolves a tension\nbetween the fact that the entropy of a statistical system can sometimes\nfluctuate downward and the information-theoretic idea that knowledge of a\nstochastically-evolving system degrades over time. The Bayesian Second Law can\nbe written as $\\Delta H(\\rho_m, \\rho) + \\langle \\mathcal{Q}\\rangle_{F|m}\\geq\n0$, where $\\Delta H(\\rho_m, \\rho)$ is the change in the cross entropy between\nthe original phase-space probability distribution $\\rho$ and the\nmeasurement-updated distribution $\\rho_m$, and $\\langle\n\\mathcal{Q}\\rangle_{F|m}$ is the expectation value of a generalized heat flow\nout of the system. We also derive refined versions of the Second Law that bound\nthe entropy increase from below by a non-negative number, as well as Bayesian\nversions of the Jarzynski equality. We demonstrate the formalism using simple\nanalytical and numerical examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation functions for a spin-$\\frac{1}{2}$ Ising-XYZ diamond chain:\n  Further evidence for quasi-phases and pseudo-transitions: One-dimensional systems with short-range interactions cannot exhibit a\nlong-range order at nonzero temperature. However, there are some particular\none-dimensional models, such as the Ising-Heisenberg spin models with a variety\nof lattice geometries, which exhibit unexpected behavior similar to the\ndiscontinuous or continuous temperature-driven phase transition. Although these\npseudo-transitions are not true temperature-driven transitions showing only\nabrupt changes or sharp peaks in thermodynamic quantities, they may be confused\nwhile interpreting experimental data. Here we consider the spin-$\\frac{1}{2}$\nIsing-XYZ diamond chain in the regime when the model exhibits\ntemperature-driven pseudo-transitions. We provide a detailed investigation of\nseveral correlation functions between distant spins that illustrates the\nproperties of quasi-phases separated by pseudo-transitions. Inevitably, all\ncorrelation functions show the evidence of pseudo-transition, which are\nsupported by the analytical solutions and, besides we provide a rigorous\nanalytical investigation around the pseudo-critical temperature. It is worth to\nmention that the correlation functions between distant spins have an extremely\nlarge correlation length at pseudo-critical temperature.",
        "positive": "Thermal and electrical properties of a solid through Fibonacci\n  oscillators: We investigate the thermodynamics of a crystalline solid applying q-deformed\nalgebra of Fibonacci oscillators through the generalized Fibonacci sequence of\ntwo real and independent deformation parameters q1 and q2. We based part of our\nstudy on both Einstein and Debye models, exploring primarily (q1,q2)-deformed\nthermal and electric conductivities as a function of Debye specific heat. The\nresults revealed that q-deformation acts as a factor of disorder or impurity,\nmodifying the characteristics of a crystalline structure. Specially, one may\nfind the possibility of adjusting the Fibonacci oscillators to describe the\nchange of thermal and electrical conductivities of a given element as one\ninserts impurities. Each parameter can be associated to different types of\ndeformations such as disorders and impurities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exit and Occupation times for Brownian Motion on Graphs with General\n  Drift and Diffusion Constant: We consider a particle diffusing along the links of a general graph\npossessing some absorbing vertices. The particle, with a spatially-dependent\ndiffusion constant D(x) is subjected to a drift U(x) that is defined in every\npoint of each link. We establish the boundary conditions to be used at the\nvertices and we derive general expressions for the average time spent on a part\nof the graph before absorption and, also, for the Laplace transform of the\njoint law of the occupation times. Exit times distributions and splitting\nprobabilities are also studied and several examples are discussed.",
        "positive": "Marginal phase transition in decorated single-chain Ising models: Since Ernst Ising's proof one century ago, it has been well-known that phase\ntransition at finite temperature does not exist in the Ising model with\nshort-range interactions in one dimension. Yet, little is known about whether\nthis forbidden transition could be approached arbitrarily closely -- at fixed\nfinite temperature. To explore such asymptoticity, the notion of marginal phase\ntransition (MPT) was introduced recently and spontaneous MPT was successfully\nfound in decorated ladder Ising models. On the other hand, in the presence of a\nmagnetic field, narrow phase crossover termed as pseudo-transition was found in\ndecorated single-chain Ising models with strong geometric frustration; it is\nthus imperative to know whether the pseudo-transition could be transformed to\napproach a genuine transition at fixed finite temperature $T_0$ arbitrarily\nclosely, i.e., being the MPT. Here, I reveal the existence of the field-induced\nMPT in decorated Ising chains, in which $T_0$ is determined by the interactions\ninvolving only the decorated parts and the magnetic field, while the crossover\nwidth $2\\delta T$ is independently, exponentially reduced ($\\delta T = 0$ means\na genuine transition) by the previously neglected ferromagnetic interaction\nbetween the ordinary spins on the chain backbone. Furthermore, I show that the\nMPT can be realized even in the decorated Ising chains without geometric\nfrustration because the magnetic field itself can induce previously unnoticed\nhidden spin frustration. These findings manifest that MPT is essentially the\nbuildup of coherence in preformed crossover of any local states, making the\ndoors wide open to the engineering and utilization of MPT as a new paradigm for\nexploring exotic phenomena and 1D device applications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From Quantum Oscillators to Landau-Fock-Darwin model: A Statistical\n  Thermodynamical Study: The aim of this tutorial is to analyze the equilibrium properties of some\nsimple but widely used quantum systems. The canonical ensemble is used to\nevaluate the required properties here.",
        "positive": "Packing dimers on $(2p + 1) \\times (2q + 1) $ lattices: We use computational method to investigate the number of ways to pack dimers\non \\emph{odd-by-odd} lattices. In this case, there is always a single vacancy\nin the lattices. We show that the dimer configuration numbers on $(2k+1) \\times\n(2k+1)$ \\emph{odd} square lattices have some remarkable number-theoretical\nproperties in parallel to those of close-packed dimers on $2k \\times 2k$\n\\emph{even} square lattices, for which exact solution exists. Furthermore, we\ndemonstrate that there is an unambiguous logarithm term in the finite size\ncorrection of free energy of odd-by-odd lattice strips with any width $n \\ge\n1$. This logarithm term determines the distinct behavior of the free energy of\nodd square lattices. These findings reveal a deep and previously unexplored\nconnection between statistical physics models and number theory, and indicate\nthe possibility that the monomer-dimer problem might be solvable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipative quantum oscillator with two competing heat baths: We study the dissipative dynamics of a harmonic oscillator which couples\nlinearly through its position and its momentum to two independent heat baths at\nthe same temperature. We argue that this model describes a large spin in a\nferromagnet. We find that some effects of the two heat baths partially cancel\neach other. This leads to unexpected features such as underdamped oscillations\nand long relaxation times in the strong coupling regime. Such a partial\nfrustration of dissipation can be ascribed to the canonically conjugate\ncharacter of position and momentum. We compare this model to the scenario where\na single heat bath couples linearly to both the position and the momentum of\nthe central oscillator. In that case less surprising behavior occurs for strong\ncoupling. The dynamical evolution of the quantum purity for a single and a\ndouble wave packet is also investigated.",
        "positive": "Hamiltonian Cycles on Random Eulerian Triangulations: A random Eulerian triangulation is a random triangulation where an even\nnumber of triangles meet at any given vertex. We argue that the central charge\nincreases by one if the fully packed O(n) model is defined on a random Eulerian\ntriangulation instead of an ordinary random triangulation. Considering the case\nn -> 0, this implies that the system of random Eulerian triangulations equipped\nwith Hamiltonian cycles describes a c=-1 matter field coupled to 2D quantum\ngravity as opposed to the system of usual random triangulations equipped with\nHamiltonian cycles which has c=-2. Hence, in this case one should see a change\nin the entropy exponent from the value gamma=-1 to the irrational value\ngamma=(-1-\\sqrt{13})/6=-0.76759... when going from a usual random triangulation\nto an Eulerian one. A direct enumeration of configurations confirms this change\nin gamma."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion, super-diffusion and coalescence from single step: From the exact single step evolution equation of the two-point correlation\nfunction of a particle distribution subjected to a stochastic displacement\nfield $\\bu(\\bx)$, we derive different dynamical regimes when $\\bu(\\bx)$ is\niterated to build a velocity field. First we show that spatially uncorrelated\nfields $\\bu(\\bx)$ lead to both standard and anomalous diffusion equation. When\nthe field $\\bu(\\bx)$ is spatially correlated each particle performs a simple\nfree Brownian motion, but the trajectories of different particles result to be\nmutually correlated. The two-point statistical properties of the field\n$\\bu(\\bx)$ induce two-point spatial correlations in the particle distribution\nsatisfying a simple but non-trivial diffusion-like equation. These\ndisplacement-displacement correlations lead the system to three possible\nregimes: coalescence, simple clustering and a combination of the two. The\nexistence of these different regimes, in the one-dimensional system, is shown\nthrough computer simulations and a simple theoretical argument.",
        "positive": "Generalized Deam-Edwards Approach to the Statistical Mechanics of\n  Randomly Crosslinked Systems: We address the statistical mechanics of randomly and permanently crosslinked\nnetworks. We develop a theoretical framework (vulcanization theory) which can\nbe used to systematically analyze the correlation between the statistical\nproperties of random networks and their histories of formation. Generalizing\nthe original idea of Deam and Edwards, we consider an instantaneous\ncrosslinking process, where all crosslinkers (modeled as Gaussian springs) are\nintroduced randomly at once in an equilibrium liquid state, referred to as the\npreparation state. The probability that two functional sites are crosslinked by\na spring exponentially decreases with their distance squared. After formally\naveraging over network connectivity, we obtained an effective theory with all\ndegrees of freedom replicated 1 + n times. Two thermodynamic ensembles, the\npreparation ensemble and the measurement ensemble, naturally appear in this\ntheory. The former describes the thermodynamic fluctuations in the state of\npreparation, while the latter describes the thermodynamic fluctuations in the\nstate of measurement. We classify various correlation functions and discuss\ntheir physical significances. In particular, the memory correlation functions\ncharacterize how the properties of networks depend on their history of\nformation, and are the hallmark properties of all randomly crosslinked\nmaterials. We clarify the essential difference between our approach and that of\nDeam-Edwards, discuss the saddle-point order parameters and its physical\nsignificance. Finally we also discuss the connection between saddle-point\napproximation of vulcanization theory, and the classical theory of rubber\nelasticity as well as the neo-classical theory of nematic elastomers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Realizing Information Erasure in Finite Time: In this article, we focus on erasure of a bit of information in finite time.\nLandauer's principle states that the average heat dissipation due to erasure of\ninformation is k_B T ln 2, which is achievable only in an asymptotic manner.\nRecent theoretical developments in non-equilibrium thermodynamics and\nstochastic control, predict a more general bound for finite time erasure\ndependent on the Wasserstein distances between the initial and final\nconfigurations. These predictions suggest improvements to experimental protocol\nwith regards to minimizing average heat dissipation for bit erasure in finite\ntime from a bistable well, under overdamped Langevin dynamics. We present a\ncomparative study of a theoretically optimal protocol with an existing\nprotocol, and highlight the closeness and deviation from optimality",
        "positive": "Cluster size distribution of infection in a system of mobile agents: Clusters of infected individuals are defined on data from health\nlaboratories, but this quantity has not been defined and characterized by\nepidemy models on statistical physics. For a system of mobile agents we\nsimulate a model of infection without immunization and show that all the\nmoments of the cluster size distribution at the critical rate of infection are\ncharacterized by only one exponent, which is the same exponent that determines\nthe behavior of the total number of infected agents. No giant cluster survives\nindependent on the magnitude of the rate of infection."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Breakdown of equipartition of energy for vibrational heat capacity of\n  diatomic molecular gas due to nonvanishing bond length: When the theorem of equipartition of energy applies to the vibrational degree\nof freedom within diatomic molecular gas, the bond length is usually taken as\nzero so that the theorem is valid. Once the bond length is taken into\nconsideration, calculations show that the mean energy of the vibrational heat\ncapacity will significantly deviate from the standard value near the high\ntemperature which breaks down the bond.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Transport of Quantum Molecular Chain in terms of the\n  Complex Liouvillian Spectrum: Transport process in molecular chain in nonequilibrium stationary state is\ntheoretically investigated. The molecule is interacting at its both ends with\nthermal baths which has different temperatures, while no dissipation mechanism\nis contained inside the molecular chain. We have first obtained the\nnonequilibrium stationary state outside the Hilbert space in terms of the\ncomplex spectral representation of Liouvillian. The nonequilibrium stationary\nstate is obtained as an eigenstate of the Liouvillian which is constructed\nthrough the collision invariant of the kinetic equation. The eigenstate of the\nLiouvillian contains an information of spatial correlation between the\nmolecular chain and the thermal baths. While energy flow in the nonequilibrium\nstate which is due to the first order correlation can be described by Landauer\nformula, the particle current due to the second order correlation cannot be\ndescribed by the Landauer formula. The present method provides a simple and\nperspective way to evaluate the energy transport of molecular chain under the\nnonequilibrium situation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lowering of the Kinetic Energy in Interacting Quantum Systems: Interactions never lower the ground state kinetic energy of a quantum system.\nHowever, at nonzero temperature, where the system occupies a thermal\ndistribution of states, interactions can reduce the kinetic energy below the\nnoninteracting value. This can be demonstrated from a first order weak coupling\nexpansion. Simulations (both variational and restricted path integral Monte\nCarlo) of the electron gas model and dense hydrogen confirm this and show that\nin contrast to the ground state case, at nonzero temperature the population of\nlow momentum states can be increased relative to the free Fermi distribution.\nThis effect is not seen in simulations of liquid He-3.",
        "positive": "Asymmetric exclusion model with impurities: An integrable asymmetric exclusion process with impurities is formulated. The\nmodel displays the full spectrum of the stochastic asymmetric XXZ chain plus\nnew levels. We derive the Bethe equations and calculate the spectral gap for\nthe totally asymmetric diffusion at half filling. While the standard asymmetric\nexclusion process without impurities belongs to the KPZ universality class with\na exponent 3/2, our model has a scaling exponent 5/2."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Onsager-Machlup theory for nonequilibrium steady states and fluctuation\n  theorems: A generalization of the Onsager-Machlup theory from equilibrium to\nnonequilibrium steady states and its connection with recent fluctuation\ntheorems are discussed for a dragged particle restricted by a harmonic\npotential in a heat reservoir. Using a functional integral approach, the\nprobability functional for a path is expressed in terms of a Lagrangian\nfunction from which an entropy production rate and dissipation functions are\nintroduced, and nonequilibrium thermodynamic relations like the energy\nconservation law and the second law of thermodynamics are derived. Using this\nLagrangian function we establish two nonequilibrium detailed balance relations,\nwhich not only lead to a fluctuation theorem for work but also to one related\nto energy loss by friction. In addition, we carried out the functional\nintegrals for heat explicitly, leading to the extended fluctuation theorem for\nheat. We also present a simple argument for this extended fluctuation theorem\nin the long time limit.",
        "positive": "Freezing and clustering transitions for penetrable spheres: We consider a system of spherical particles interacting by means of a pair\npotential equal to a finite constant for interparticle distances smaller than\nthe sphere diameter and zero outside. The model may be a prototype for the\ninteraction between micelles in a solvent [C. Marquest and T. A. Witten, J.\nPhys. France 50, 1267 (1989)]. The phase diagram of these penetrable spheres is\ninvestigated using a combination of cell- and density functional theory for the\nsolid phase together with simulations for the fluid phase. The system displays\nunusual phase behavior due to the fact that, in the solid, the optimal\nconfiguration is achieved when certain fractions of lattice sites are occupied\nby more than one particle, a property that we call `clustering'. We find that\nfreezing from the fluid is followed, by increasing density, by a cascade of\nsecond-order, clustering transitions in the crystal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiple critical behavior of probabilistic limit theorems in the\n  neighborhood of a tricritical point: We derive probabilistic limit theorems that reveal the intricate structure of\nthe phase transitions in a mean-field version of the Blume-Emery-Griffiths\nmodel. These probabilistic limit theorems consist of scaling limits for the\ntotal spin and moderate deviation principles (MDPs) for the total spin. The\nmodel under study is defined by a probability distribution that depends on the\nparameters $n$, $\\beta$, and $K$, which represent, respectively, the number of\nspins, the inverse temperature, and the interaction strength. The intricate\nstructure of the phase transitions is revealed by the existence of 18 scaling\nlimits and 18 MDPs for the total spin. These limit results are obtained as\n$(\\beta,K)$ converges along appropriate sequences to points belonging to\nvarious subsets of the phase diagram, which include a curve of second-order\npoints and a tricritical point. The forms of the limiting densities in the\nscaling limits and of the rate functions in the MDPs reflect the influence of\none or more sets that lie in neighborhoods of the critical points and the\ntricritical point. Of all the scaling limits, the structure of those near the\ntricritical point is by far the most complex, exhibiting new types of critical\nbehavior when observed in a limit-theorem phase diagram in the space of the two\nparameters that parametrize the scaling limits.",
        "positive": "Size of Plastic Events in Strained Amorphous Solids at Finite\n  Temperatures: We address the system-size dependence of typical plastic flow events when an\namorphous solid is put under a fixed external strain rate at a finite\ntemperature. For system sizes that are accessible to numerical simulations at\nreasonable strain rates and at low temperatures the magnitude of plastic events\ngrows with the system size. We explain however that this must be a finite size\neffect; for larger systems there exist two cross-over length-scales $\\xi_1$ and\n$\\xi_2$, the first determined by the elastic time-scale and the second by the\nthermal energy-scale. For system of linear size $L$ larger than any of these\nscales the magnitude of plastic events must be bounded. For systems of size\n$L\\gg \\xi$ there must exist $(L/\\xi)^d$ uncorrelated plastic events which occur\nsimultaneously. We present a scaling theory that culminates with the dependence\nof the cross-over scales on temperature and strain rate. Finally we relate\nthese findings to the temperature and size dependence of the stress\nfluctuations. We comment on the importance of these considerations for theories\nof elasto-plasticity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variational principles and thermodynamics: Variational principles play a fundamental role in deriving evolution\nequations of physics. They are working well in case of nondissipative evolution\nbut for dissipative systems they are not unique, not predictive and not\nconstructive. With methods of modern nonequilibrium thermodynamics, one can\nderive evolution equations for dissipative phenomena and, surprisingly, can\nalso reproduce the Euler-Lagrange form of the evolution equations for ideal\nprocesses. In this work, we examine some demonstrative examples and compare\nthermodynamic and variational techniques. Then, we argue that instead of\nsearching for variational principles for dissipative systems, a different\nprogram can be more fruitful: the second law alone can be an effective tool to\nconstruct both dissipative and nondissipative evolution equations.",
        "positive": "Exact joint density-current probability function for the asymmetric\n  exclusion process: We study the asymmetric exclusion process with open boundaries and derive the\nexact form of the joint probability function for the occupation number and the\ncurrent through the system. We further consider the thermodynamic limit,\nshowing that the resulting distribution is non-Gaussian and that the density\nfluctuations have a discontinuity at the continuous phase transition, while the\ncurrent fluctuations are continuous. The derivations are performed by using the\nstandard operator algebraic approach, and by the introduction of new operators\nsatisfying a modified version of the original algebra."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transition between 'A' and 'B' forms of DNA: A Free Energy\n  Perspective: We study the structural transition from `B' form of DNA to 'A' form of DNA\nusing group theoretic methods. The transition is not of the order-disorder type\nand hence to construct a Landau kind of theory for the transition we define a\nhigher symmetry and relevant order parameters. We also discuss the issue of all\nthe conformations, observed experimentally during the course of transition,\nbeing fundamentally different or not.",
        "positive": "Stationary State Skewness in Two Dimensional KPZ Type Growth: We present numerical Monte Carlo results for the stationary state properties\nof KPZ type growth in two dimensional surfaces, by evaluating the finite size\nscaling (FSS) behaviour of the 2nd and 4th moments, $W_2$ and $W_4$, and the\nskewness, $W_3$, in the Kim-Kosterlitz (KK) and BCSOS model. Our results agree\nwith the stationary state proposed by L\\\"assig. The roughness exponents\n$W_n\\sim L^{\\alpha_n}$ obey power counting, $\\alpha_n= n \\alpha$, and the\namplitude ratio's of the moments are universal. They have the same values in\nboth models: $W_3/W_2^{1.5}= -0.27(1)$ and $W_4/W_2^{2}= +3.15(2)$. Unlike in\none dimension, the stationary state skewness is not tunable, but a universal\nproperty of the stationary state distribution. The FSS corrections to scaling\nin the KK model are weak and $\\alpha$ converges well to the\nKim-Kosterlitz-L\\\"assig value $\\alpha={2/5} $. The FSS corrections to scaling\nin the BCSOS model are strong. Naive extrapolations yield an smaller value,\n$\\alpha\\simeq 0.38(1)$, but are still consistent with $\\alpha={2/5}$ if the\nleading irrelevant corrections to FSS scaling exponent is of order\n$y_{ir}\\simeq -0.6(2)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractal spectra of mean first-passage time distributions in\n  disordered chains: The multifractal characterization of the distribution over disorder of the\nmean first-passage time in a finite chain is revisited. Both,\nabsorbing-absorbing and reflecting-absorbing boundaries are considered. Two\nmodels of dichotomic disorder are compared and our analysis clarifies the\norigin of the multifractality. The phenomenon is only present when the\ndiffusion is anomalous.",
        "positive": "Electrical conductivity of a monolayer produced by random sequential\n  adsorption of linear $k$-mers onto a square lattice: The electrical conductivity of a monolayer produced by the random sequential\nadsorption (RSA) of linear $k$-mers onto a square lattice was studied by means\nof computer simulation. Overlapping with pre-deposited $k$-mers and detachment\nfrom the surface were forbidden. The RSA continued until the saturation jamming\nlimit, $p_j$. The isotropic and anisotropic depositions for two different\nmodels: of an insulating substrate and conducting $k$-mers (C-model) and of a\nconducting substrate and insulating $k$-mers (I-model) were examined. The\nFrank-Lobb algorithm was applied to calculate the electrical conductivity in\nboth the $x$ and $y$ directions for different lengths ($k=1$ -- $128 $) and\nconcentrations ($p=0$ -- $p_j$) of the $k$-mers. The `intrinsic electrical\nconductivity' and concentration dependence of the relative electrical\nconductivity $\\Sigma (p)$ ($\\Sigma=\\sigma/ \\sigma_m$ for the C-model and\n$\\Sigma=\\sigma_m /\\sigma$ for the I-model, where $\\sigma_m$ is the electrical\nconductivity of substrate) in different directions were analyzed. At large\nvalues of $k$ the $\\Sigma (p)$ curves became very similar and they almost\ncoincided at $k=128$. Moreover, for both models the greater the length of the\n$k$-mers the smoother the functions $\\Sigma_{xy}(p)$, $\\Sigma_{x}(p)$ and\n$\\Sigma_{y}(p)$. For the C-model, the other interesting findings are: for large\nvalues of $k$ ($k=64, 128$), the values of $\\Sigma_{xy}$ and $\\Sigma_{y}$\nincrease rapidly with the initial increase of $p$ from 0 to 0.1; for $k \\geq\n16$, all the $\\Sigma_{xy}(p)$ and $\\Sigma_{x}(p)$ curves intersect with each\nother at the same iso-conductivity points; for anisotropic deposition, the\npercolation concentrations are the same in the $x$ and $y$ directions, whereas,\nat the percolation point the greater the length of the $k$-mers the larger the\nanisotropy of the electrical conductivity, i.e., the ratio $\\sigma_y/\\sigma_x$\n($>1$)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Roughening of $k$-mer growing interfaces in stationary regimes: We discuss the steady state dynamics of interfaces with periodic boundary\nconditions arising from body-centered solid-on-solid growth models in $1+1$\ndimensions involving random aggregation of extended particles (dimers,\ntrimers,\\,$\\cdots,k$-mers). Roughening exponents as well as width and maximal\nheight distributions can be evaluated directly in stationary regimes by mapping\nthe dynamics onto an asymmetric simple exclusion process with $k$-\\,type of\nvacancies. Although for $k \\ge 2$ the dynamics is partitioned into an\nexponentially large number of sectors of motion, the results obtained in some\ngeneric cases strongly suggest a universal scaling behavior closely following\nthat of monomer interfaces.",
        "positive": "Random graphs as models of networks: The random graph of Erdos and Renyi is one of the oldest and best studied\nmodels of a network, and possesses the considerable advantage of being exactly\nsolvable for many of its average properties. However, as a model of real-world\nnetworks such as the Internet, social networks or biological networks it leaves\na lot to be desired. In particular, it differs from real networks in two\ncrucial ways: it lacks network clustering or transitivity, and it has an\nunrealistic Poissonian degree distribution. In this paper we review some recent\nwork on generalizations of the random graph aimed at correcting these\nshortcomings. We describe generalized random graph models of both directed and\nundirected networks that incorporate arbitrary non-Poisson degree\ndistributions, and extensions of these models that incorporate clustering too.\nWe also describe two recent applications of random graph models to the problems\nof network robustness and of epidemics spreading on contact networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tail Dependence of Factor Models: Using the framework of factor models, we establish the general expression of\nthe coefficient of tail dependence between the market and a stock (i.e., the\nprobability that the stock incurs a large loss, assuming that the market has\nalso undergone a large loss) as a function of the parameters of the underlying\nfactor model and of the tail parameters of the distributions of the factor and\nof the idiosyncratic noise of each stock. Our formula holds for arbitrary\nmarginal distributions and in addition does not require any parameterization of\nthe multivariate distributions of the market and stocks. The determination of\nthe extreme parameter, which is not accessible by a direct statistical\ninference, is made possible by the measurement of parameters whose estimation\ninvolves a significant part of the data with sufficient statistics. Our\nempirical tests find a good agreement between the calibration of the tail\ndependence coefficient and the realized large losses over the period from 1962\nto 2000. Nevertheless, a bias is detected which suggests the presence of an\noutlier in the form of the crash of October 1987.",
        "positive": "The critical behavior of 2-d frustrated spin models with noncollinear\n  order: We study the critical behavior of frustrated spin models with noncollinear\norder in two dimensions, including antiferromagnets on a triangular lattice and\nfully frustrated antiferromagnets. For this purpose we consider the\ncorresponding $O(N) \\times O(2)$ Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson (LGW) Hamiltonian and\ncompute the field-theoretic expansion to four loops and determine its\nlarge-order behavior. We show the existence of a stable fixed point for the\nphysically relevant cases of two- and three-component spin models. We also give\na prediction for the critical exponent $\\eta$ which is $\\eta =0.24(6)$ and\n$\\eta =0.29(5)$ for N=3 and 2 respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of Concentration vs Flux Control in Chemical Reaction\n  Networks: We investigate the thermodynamic implications of two control mechanisms of\nopen chemical reaction networks. The first controls the concentrations of the\nspecies that are exchanged with the surroundings, while the other controls the\nexchange fluxes. We show that the two mechanisms can be mapped one into the\nother and that the thermodynamic theories usually developed in the framework of\nconcentration control can be applied to flux control as well. This implies that\nthe thermodynamic potential and the fundamental forces driving chemical\nreaction networks out of equilibrium can be identified in the same way for both\nmechanisms. By analyzing the dynamics and thermodynamics of a simple enzymatic\nmodel we also show that, while the two mechanisms are equivalent at steady\nstate, the flux control may lead to fundamentally different regimes where\nsystems achieve stationary growth.",
        "positive": "Cover time for random walks on arbitrary complex networks: We present an analytical method for computing the mean cover time of a random\nwalk process on arbitrary, complex networks. The cover time is defined as the\ntime a random walker requires to visit every node in the network at least once.\nThis quantity is particularly important for random search processes and target\nlocalization in network topologies. Based on the global mean first passage time\nof target nodes we derive an estimate for the cumulative distribution function\nof the cover time based on first passage time statistics. We show that our\nresult can be applied to various model networks, including Erd\\H{o}s-R\\'enyi\nand Barab\\'asi-Albert networks, as well as various real-world networks. Our\nresults reveal an intimate link between first passage and cover time statistics\nin networks in which structurally induced temporal correlations decay quickly\nand offer a computationally efficient way for estimating cover times in network\nrelated applications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary Criticality of the 3D O($N$) Model: From Normal to\n  Extraordinary: It was recently realized that the three-dimensional O($N$) model possesses an\nextraordinary boundary universality class for a finite range of $N \\ge 2$. For\na given $N$, the existence and universal properties of this class are predicted\nto be controlled by certain amplitudes of the normal universality class, where\none applies an explicit symmetry breaking field to the boundary. In this\nLetter, we study the normal universality class for $N = 2, 3$ using Monte Carlo\nsimulations on an improved lattice model and extract these universal\namplitudes. Our results are in good agreement with direct Monte Carlo studies\nof the extraordinary universality class serving as a nontrivial quantitative\ncheck of the connection between the normal and extraordinary classes.",
        "positive": "Phase transition in the scalar noise model of collective motion in three\n  dimensions: We consider disorder-order phase transitions in the three-dimensional version\nof the scalar noise model (SNM) of flocking. Our results are analogous to those\nfound for the two-dimensional case. For small velocity (v <= 0.1) a continuous,\nsecond-order phase transition is observable, with the diffusion of nearby\nparticles being isotropic. By increasing the particle velocities the phase\ntransition changes to first order, and the diffusion becomes anisotropic. The\nfirst-order transition in the latter case is probably caused by the interplay\nbetween anisotropic diffusion and periodic boundary conditions, leading to a\nboundary condition dependent symmetry breaking of the solutions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Properties of the stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation: Projected\n  Ehrenfest relations and the optimal plane wave basis: We investigate the properties of the stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation\ndescribing a condensate interacting with a stationary thermal cloud derived by\nGardiner and coworkers. We find the appropriate Ehrenfest relations for the\nSGPE, including the effect of growth noise and projector terms arising from the\nenergy cutoff. This is carried out in the high temperature regime appropriate\nfor the SGPE, which simplifies the action of the projectors. The validity\ncondition for neglecting the projector terms in the Ehrenfest relations is\nfound to be more stringent than the usual condition of validity of the\ntruncated Wigner method or classical field method -- which is that all modes\nare highly occupied. In addition it is required that the overlap of the\nnonlinear term with the lowest energy eigenstate of the non-condensate band is\nsmall. We show how to use the Ehrenfest relations along with the corrections\ngenerated by the projector to monitor dynamical artifacts arising from the\ncutoff. We also investigate the effect of using different bases to describe a\nharmonically trapped BEC at finite temperature by comparing the condensate\nfraction found using the plane wave and single particle bases. We show that the\nequilibrium properties are strongly dependent on the choice of basis. There is\nthus an optimal choice of plane wave basis for a given cut-off energy and we\nshow that this basis gives the best reproduction of the single particle\nspectrum, the condensate fraction and the position and momentum densities.",
        "positive": "Can disorder induce a finite thermal conductivity in 1D lattices?: We study heat conduction in one dimensional mass disordered harmonic and\nanharmonic lattices. It is found that the thermal conductivity $\\kappa$ of the\ndisordered anharmonic lattice is finite at low temperature, whereas it diverges\nas $\\kappa \\sim N^{0.43}$ at high temperature. Moreover, we demonstrate that a\nunique nonequilibrium stationary state in the disordered harmonic lattice does\nnot exist at all."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unified Solution of the Expected Maximum of a Random Walk and the\n  Discrete Flux to a Spherical Trap: Two random-walk related problems which have been studied independently in the\npast, the expected maximum of a random walker in one dimension and the flux to\na spherical trap of particles undergoing discrete jumps in three dimensions,\nare shown to be closely related to each other and are studied using a unified\napproach as a solution to a Wiener-Hopf problem. For the flux problem, this\nwork shows that a constant c = 0.29795219 which appeared in the context of the\nboundary extrapolation length, and was previously found only numerically, can\nbe derived explicitly. The same constant enters in higher-order corrections to\nthe expected-maximum asymptotics. As a byproduct, we also prove a new universal\nresult in the context of the flux problem which is an analogue of the Sparre\nAndersen theorem proved in the context of the random walker's maximum.",
        "positive": "Scaling laws in the diffusion limited aggregation of persistent random\n  walkers: We investigate the diffusion limited aggregation of particles executing\npersistent random walks. The scaling properties of both random walks and large\naggregates are presented. The aggregates exhibit a crossover between ballistic\nand diffusion limited aggregation models. A non-trivial scaling relation\n$\\xi\\sim\\ell^{1.25}$ between the characteristic size $\\xi$, in which the\ncluster undergoes a morphological transition, and the persistence length\n$\\ell$, between ballistic and diffusive regimes of the random walk, is\nobserved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mixed-order transition in the antiferromagnetic quantum Ising chain in a\n  field: The antiferromagnetic quantum Ising chain has a quantum critical point which\nbelongs to the universality class of the transverse Ising model (TIM). When a\nlongitudinal field ($h$) is switched on, the phase transition is preserved,\nwhich turns to first-order for $h/\\Gamma \\to \\infty$, $\\Gamma$ being the\nstrength of the transverse field. Here we will re-examine the critical\nproperties along the phase transition line. During a quantum block\nrenormalization group calculation, the TIM fixed point for $h/\\Gamma>0$ is\nfound to be unstable. Using DMRG techniques, we calculated the entanglement\nentropy and the spin-spin correlation function, both of which signaled a\ndivergent correlation length at the transition point with the TIM exponents. At\nthe same time, the bulk correlation function has a jump and the end-to-end\ncorrelation function has a discontinuous derivative at the transition point.\nConsequently for finite $h/\\Gamma$ the transition is of mixed-order.",
        "positive": "Mixed algorithms in the Ising model on directed Barabasi-Albert networks: On directed Barabasi-Albert networks with two and seven neighbours selected\nby each added site, the Ising model does not seem to show a spontaneous\nmagnetisation. Instead, the decay time for flipping of the magnetisation\nfollows an Arrhenius law for Metropolis and Glauber algorithms, but for Wolff\ncluster flipping the magnetisation decays exponentially with time. On these\nnetworks the magnetisation behaviour of the Ising model, with Glauber,\nHeatBath,\n  Metropolis, Wolf or Swendsen-Wang algorithm competing against Kawasaki\ndynamics, is studied by Monte Carlo simulations. We show that the model\nexhibits the phenomenon of self-organisation (= stationary equilibrium) when\n  Kawasaki dynamics is not dominant in its competition with Glauber, HeatBath\nand Swendsen-Wang algorithms. Only for Wolff cluster flipping the\nmagnetisation, this phenomenon occurs after an exponentially decay of\nmagnetisation with time. The Metropolis results are independent of competition.\nWe also study the same process of competition described above but with Kawasaki\ndynamics at the same temperature as the other algorithms. The obtained results\nare similar for Wolff cluster flipping, Metropolis and Swendsen-Wang algorithms\nbut different for HeatBath."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Additivity and density fluctuations in Vicsek-like models of\n  self-propelled particles: We study coarse-grained density fluctuations in the disordered phase of the\nparadigmatic Vicsek-like models of self-propelled particles with alignment\ninteractions and random self-propulsion velocities. By numerically integrating\na fluctuation-response relation - the direct consequence of an additivity\nproperty, we compute logarithm of the large-deviation probabilities of the\ncoarse-grained subsystem density, while the system is in the disordered fluid\nphase with vanishing macroscopic velocity. The large-deviation probabilities,\ncomputed within additivity, agree remarkably well with that obtained from\ndirect microscopic simulations of the models. Our results provide an evidence\nof the existence of an equilibrium-like chemical potential, which governs the\ncoarse-grained density fluctuations in the Vicsek-like models. Moreover,\ncomparison of the particle-number fluctuations among several self-propelled\nparticle systems suggests a common mechanism through which the number\nfluctuations arise in such systems.",
        "positive": "An ordered set of power-efficiency trade-offs: In this paper, we derive a number of inequalities which express\npower-efficiency trade-offs that hold generally for thermodynamic machines\noperating in non-equilibrium stationary states. One of these inequalities\nconcerns the output power, which is bounded by a quadratic function of the\nthermodynamic efficiency multiplied by a factor. Different factors can be\nobtained according to the level of knowledge one has about the underlying\ndynamics of the machine, they can depend for instance on the covariance of the\ninput flux, the dynamical activity, or the non-equilibrium conductance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimization of cooling load in quantum self-contained fridge based on\n  endoreversible approach: We consider a quantum self-contained fridge consisting of three qubits\ninteracting with three separate heat reservoirs, respectively, and functioning\nwithout any external controls. Applying the methods of endoreversible\nthermodynamics, we derive explicit expressions of cooling load versus\nefficiency of this fridge, which demonstrate behaviors of trade-off between\nthose two quantities and thus enable to discuss the thermoeconomic optimization\nof performance. We also discuss a possibility for the amplification of cooling\nload briefly in a simple modification from the original architecture of fridge.",
        "positive": "Semiclassical theory of front propagation and front equilibration\n  following an inhomogeneous quantum quench: We use a semiclassical approach to study out of equilibrium dynamics and\ntransport in quantum systems with massive quasiparticle excitations having\ninternal quantum numbers. In the universal limit of low energy quasiparticles,\nthe system is described in terms of a classical gas of colored hard-core\nparticles. Starting from an inhomogeneous initial state, in this limit we give\nanalytic expressions for the space and time dependent spin density and spin\ncurrent profiles. Depending on the initial state, the spin transport is found\nto be ballistic or diffusive. In the ballistic case we identify a `second\nfront' that moves more slowly than the maximal quasiparticle velocity. Our\nanalytic results also capture the diffusive broadening of this ballistically\npropagating front. To go beyond the universal limit, we study the effect of\nnon-trivial scattering processes in the $O(3)$ non-linear sigma model by\nperforming Monte Carlo simulations, and observe local equilibration around the\nsecond front in terms of the densities of the particle species."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Integrable Matrix Product States from boundary integrability: We consider integrable Matrix Product States (MPS) in integrable spin chains\nand show that they correspond to \"operator valued\" solutions of the so-called\ntwisted Boundary Yang-Baxter (or reflection) equation. We argue that the\nintegrability condition is equivalent to a new linear intertwiner relation,\nwhich we call the \"square root relation\", because it involves half of the steps\nof the reflection equation. It is then shown that the square root relation\nleads to the full Boundary Yang-Baxter equations. We provide explicit solutions\nin a number of cases characterized by special symmetries. These correspond to\nthe \"symmetric pairs\" $(SU(N),SO(N))$ and $(SO(N),SO(D)\\otimes SO(N-D))$, where\nin each pair the first and second elements are the symmetry groups of the spin\nchain and the integrable state, respectively. These solutions can be considered\nas explicit representations of the corresponding twisted Yangians, that are new\nin a number of cases. Examples include certain concrete MPS relevant for the\ncomputation of one-point functions in defect AdS/CFT.",
        "positive": "Endogenous crisis waves: a stochastic model with synchronized collective\n  behavior: We propose a simple framework to understand commonly observed crisis waves in\nmacroeconomic Agent Based models, that is also relevant to a variety of other\nphysical or biological situations where synchronization occurs. We compute\nexactly the phase diagram of the model and the location of the synchronization\ntransition in parameter space. Many modifications and extensions can be\nstudied, confirming that the synchronization transition is extremely robust\nagainst various sources of noise or imperfections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective microscopic models for sympathetic cooling of atomic gases: Thermalization of a system in the presence of a heat bath has been the\nsubject of many theoretical investigations especially in the framework of\nsolid-state physics. In this setting, the presence of a large bandwidth for the\nfrequency distribution of the harmonic oscillators schematizing the heat bath\nis crucial, as emphasized in the Caldeira-Leggett model. By contrast, ultracold\ngases in atomic traps oscillate at well-defined frequencies and therefore seem\nto lie outside the Caldeira-Leggett paradigm. We introduce interaction\nHamiltonians which allow us to adapt the model to an atomic physics framework.\nThe intrinsic nonlinearity of these models differentiates them from the\noriginal Caldeira-Leggett model and calls for a nontrivial stability analysis\nto determine effective ranges for the model parameters. These models allow for\nmolecular dynamics simulations of mixtures of ultracold gases, which is of\ncurrent relevance for optimizing sympathetic cooling in degenerate Bose-Fermi\nmixtures.",
        "positive": "Exact Response Theory and Kuramoto dynamics: The dynamics of Kuramoto oscillators is investigated in terms of the exact\nresponse theory based on the Dissipation Function, which has been introduced in\nthe field of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics. While linear response theory is\na cornerstone of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, it does not apply, in\ngeneral, to systems undergoing phase transitions. Indeed, even a small\nperturbation may in that case result in a large modification of the state. An\nexact theory is instead expected to handle such situations. The Kuramoto\ndynamics, which undergoes synchronization transitions, is thus investigated as\na testbed for the exact theory mentioned above. A comparison between the two\napproaches shows how the linear theory fails, while the exact theory yields the\ncorrect response."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Construction of coarse-grained order-parameters in non-equilibrium\n  systems: We develop a renormalization group (RG) procedure that includes important\nsystem-specific features. The key ingredient is to systematize the coarse\ngraining procedure that generates the RG flow. The coarse graining technology\ncomes from control and operator theoretic model reduction. The resulting\n\"generalized\" RG is a consistent generalization of the Wilsonian RG. We derive\nthe form of the projection operator from the dynamics of a nonlinear wave\nequation and renormalize the distribution of initial conditions. The\nprobability density of the initial conditions is chosen to be the Boltzmann\nweight for a standard $\\phi^4$-theory. In our calculation, we find that in\ncontrast to conventional implementations of the RG, na\\\"ive power counting\nbreaks down. The RG-equations that we derive are different from those derived\nfrom the conventional RG.",
        "positive": "Statistic behaviors of gauge-invariance-dominated 1D chiral current\n  random model: By considering energy flow, we construct the one-dimensional (1d) model\nconsisting of the quasiparticles caused by asymmetric hopping (in carrier\nposition space) or the complex bosonic potential whose varying gradience with a\nchiral ordering plays the role of ingredience of quasiparticles. A bosonic\npotential can be generated and the chaotic dynamics of chiral excitations after\ndisorder average can be investigated in the presence of gauge invariance. This\nfeature is also shared by the well-known non-Hermitian systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards a Universal Measure of Complexity: Recently it has been argued that entropy can be a direct measure of\ncomplexity, where the smaller value of entropy indicates lower system\ncomplexity, while its larger value indicates higher system complexity. We\ndispute this view and propose a universal measure of complexity based on the\nGell-Mann's view of complexity. Our universal measure of complexity bases on a\nnon-linear transformation of time-dependent entropy, where the system state\nwith the highest complexity is the most distant from all the states of the\nsystem of lesser or no complexity. We have shown that the most complex is\noptimally mixed states consisting of pure states i.e., of the most regular and\nmost disordered which the space of states of a given system allows. A\nparsimonious paradigmatic example of the simplest system with a small and a\nlarge number of degrees of freedom, is shown to support this methodology.\nSeveral important features of this universal measure are pointed out,\nespecially its flexibility (i.e., its openness to extensions), ability to the\nanalysis of a system critical behavior, and ability to study the dynamic\ncomplexity.",
        "positive": "Critical Dynamics of Gelation: Shear relaxation and dynamic density fluctuations are studied within a Rouse\nmodel, generalized to include the effects of permanent random crosslinks. We\nderive an exact correspondence between the static shear viscosity and the\nresistance of a random resistor network. This relation allows us to compute the\nstatic shear viscosity exactly for uncorrelated crosslinks. For more general\npercolation models, which are amenable to a scaling description, it yields the\nscaling relation $ k=\\phi-\\beta$ for the critical exponent of the shear\nviscosity. Here $\\beta$ is the thermal exponent for the gel fraction and $\\phi$\nis the crossover exponent of the resistor network. The results on the shear\nviscosity are also used in deriving upper and lower bounds on the incoherent\nscattering function in the long-time limit, thereby corroborating previous\nresults."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimization with Extremal Dynamics: We explore a new general-purpose heuristic for finding high-quality solutions\nto hard optimization problems. The method, called extremal optimization, is\ninspired by self-organized criticality, a concept introduced to describe\nemergent complexity in physical systems. Extremal optimization successively\nreplaces extremely undesirable variables of a single sub-optimal solution with\nnew, random ones. Large fluctuations ensue, that efficiently explore many local\noptima. With only one adjustable parameter, the heuristic's performance has\nproven competitive with more elaborate methods, especially near phase\ntransitions which are believed to coincide with the hardest instances. We use\nextremal optimization to elucidate the phase transition in the 3-coloring\nproblem, and we provide independent confirmation of previously reported\nextrapolations for the ground-state energy of +-J spin glasses in d=3 and 4.",
        "positive": "Colouring random graphs and maximising local diversity: We study a variation of the graph colouring problem on random graphs of\nfinite average connectivity. Given the number of colours, we aim to maximise\nthe number of different colours at neighbouring vertices (i.e. one edge\ndistance) of any vertex. Two efficient algorithms, belief propagation and\nWalksat are adapted to carry out this task. We present experimental results\nbased on two types of random graphs for different system sizes and identify the\ncritical value of the connectivity for the algorithms to find a perfect\nsolution. The problem and the suggested algorithms have practical relevance\nsince various applications, such as distributed storage, can be mapped onto\nthis problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A two-stage approach to relaxation in billiard systems of locally\n  confined hard spheres: We consider the three-dimensional dynamics of systems of many interacting\nhard spheres, each individually confined to a dispersive environment, and show\nthat the macroscopic limit of such systems is characterized by a coefficient of\nheat conduction whose value reduces to a dimensional formula in the limit of\nvanishingly small rate of interaction. It is argued that this limit arises from\nan effective loss of memory. Similarities with the diffusion of a tagged\nparticle in binary mixtures are emphasized.",
        "positive": "The Tangled Nature model as an evolving quasi-species model: We show that the Tangled Nature model can be interpreted as a general\nformulation of the quasi-species model by Eigen et al. in a frequency dependent\nfitness landscape. We present a detailed theoretical derivation of the mutation\nthreshold, consistent with the simulation results, that provides a valuable\ninsight into how the microscopic dynamics of the model determine the observed\nmacroscopic phenomena published previously. The dynamics of the Tangled Nature\nmodel is defined on the microevolutionary time scale via reproduction, with\nheredity, variation, and natural selection. Each organism reproduces with a\nrate that is linked to the individuals' genetic sequence and depends on the\ncomposition of the population in genotype space. Thus the microevolutionary\ndynamics of the fitness landscape is regulated by, and regulates, the evolution\nof the species by means of the mutual interactions. At low mutation rate, the\nmacro evolutionary pattern mimics the fossil data: periods of stasis, where the\npopulation is concentrated in a network of coexisting species, is interrupted\nby bursts of activity. As the mutation rate increases, the duration and the\nfrequency of bursts increases. Eventually, when the mutation rate reaches a\ncertain threshold, the population is spread evenly throughout the genotype\nspace showing that natural selection only leads to multiple distinct species if\nadaptation is allowed time to cause fixation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean first-passage time of surface-mediated diffusion in spherical\n  domains: We present an exact calculation of the mean first-passage time to a target on\nthe surface of a 2D or 3D spherical domain, for a molecule alternating phases\nof surface diffusion on the domain boundary and phases of bulk diffusion. The\npresented approach is based on an integral equation which can be solved\nanalytically. Numerically validated approximation schemes, which provide more\ntractable expressions of the mean first-passage time are also proposed. In the\nframework of this minimal model of surface-mediated reactions, we show\nanalytically that the mean reaction time can be minimized as a function of the\ndesorption rate from the surface.",
        "positive": "Fermionic R-operator approach for the small-polaron model with open\n  boundary condition: Exact integrability and algebraic Bethe ansatz of the small-polaron model\nwith the open boundary condition are discussed in the framework of the quantum\ninverse scattering method (QISM). We employ a new approach where the fermionic\nR-operator which consists of fermion operators is a key object. It satisfies\nthe Yang-Baxter equation and the reflection equation with its corresponding\nK-operator. Two kinds of 'super-transposition' for the fermion operators are\ndefined and the dual reflection equation is obtained. These equations prove the\nintegrability and the Bethe ansatz equation which agrees with the one obtained\nfrom the graded Yang-Baxter equation and the graded reflection equations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bringing together two paradigms of non-equilibrium: Driven dynamics of\n  aging systems: There are two fundamental paradigms for non-equilibrium dynamics: on the one\nhand, aging towards an equilibrium state that cannot be reached on reasonable\ntimescales; on the other, external driving that can lead to non-equilibrium\nsteady states. We explore how these two mechanisms interact, by studying the\nbehaviour of trap models, which are paradigmatic descriptions of slow glassy\ndynamics, when driven by trajectory bias towards high or low activity. To\ndiagnose whether the driven systems continue to age, we establish a framework\nfor mapping the biased dynamics to a Markovian time evolution with\ntime-dependent transition rates. We find that the original aging dynamics\nreacts in two qualitatively distinct ways to the driving: it can be destroyed\nby driving of any nonzero strength (fragile aging), whereby the dynamics either\nreaches an active steady state or effectively freezes; or it can persist within\na finite range of driving strengths around the undriven case (robust aging).\nThis classification into fragile and robust aging could form the basis for\ndistinguishing different universality classes of aging dynamics.",
        "positive": "How clustering affects the bond percolation threshold in complex\n  networks: The question of how clustering (non-zero density of triangles) in networks\naffects their bond percolation threshold has important applications in a\nvariety of disciplines. Recent advances in modelling highly-clustered networks\nare employed here to analytically study the bond percolation threshold. In\ncomparison to the threshold in an unclustered network with the same degree\ndistribution and correlation structure, the presence of triangles in these\nmodel networks is shown to lead to a larger bond percolation threshold (i.e.\nclustering \\emph{increases} the epidemic threshold or \\emph{decreases}\nresilience of the network to random edge deletion)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficient large deviation estimation based on importance sampling: We present a complete framework for determining the asymptotic (or\nlogarithmic) efficiency of estimators of large deviation probabilities and rate\nfunctions based on importance sampling. The framework relies on the idea that\nimportance sampling in that context is fully characterized by the joint large\ndeviations of two random variables: the observable defining the large deviation\nprobability of interest and the likelihood factor (or Radon-Nikodym derivative)\nconnecting the original process and the modified process used in importance\nsampling. We recover with this framework known results about the asymptotic\nefficiency of the exponential tilting and obtain new necessary and sufficient\nconditions for a general change of process to be asymptotically efficient. This\nallows us to construct new examples of efficient estimators for sample means of\nrandom variables that do not have the exponential tilting form. Other examples\ninvolving Markov chains and diffusions are presented to illustrate our results.",
        "positive": "An integral fluctuation theorem for systems with unidirectional\n  transitions: The fluctuations of a Markovian jump process with one or more unidirectional\ntransitions, where $R_{ij} >0$ but $R_{ji} =0$, are studied. We find that such\nsystems satisfy an integral fluctuation theorem. The fluctuating quantity\nsatisfying the theorem is a sum of the entropy produced in the bidirectional\ntransitions and a dynamical contribution which depends on the residence times\nin the states connected by the unidirectional transitions. The convergence of\nthe integral fluctuation theorem is studied numerically, and found to show the\nsame qualitative features as in systems exhibiting microreversibility."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal Fluctuations of Vortex Matter in Trapped Bose-Einstein\n  Condensates: We perform Monte Carlo studies of vortices in three dimensions in a\ncylindrical confinement, with uniform and nonuniform density. The former is\nrelevant to rotating 4He, the latter is relevant to a rotating trapped\nBose--Einstein condensate. In the former case we find dominant angular thermal\nvortex fluctuations close to the cylinder wall. For the latter case, a novel\neffect is that at low temperatures the vortex solid close to the center of the\ntrap crosses directly over to a tension-less vortex tangle near the edge of the\ntrap. At higher temperatures an intermediate tensionful vortex liquid located\nbetween the vortex solid and the vortex tangle, may exist.",
        "positive": "Waiting-times and returns in high-frequency financial data: an empirical\n  study: In financial markets, not only prices and returns can be considered as random\nvariables, but also the waiting time between two transactions varies randomly.\nIn the following, we analyse the statistical properties of General Electric\nstock prices, traded at NYSE, in October 1999. These properties are critically\nrevised in the framework of theoretical predictions based on a continuous-time\nrandom walk model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of weakly disordered Ising model: Six-loop $\\sqrt\n  \\varepsilon$ expansion study: The critical behavior of three-dimensional weakly diluted quenched Ising\nmodel is examined on the base of six-loop renormalization group expansions\nobtained within the minimal subtraction scheme in $4-\\epsilon$ space\ndimensions. For this purpose the $\\phi^4$ field theory with cubic symmetry was\nanalyzed in the replica limit $n\\rightarrow 0$. Along with renormalization\ngroup expansions in terms of renormalized couplings the $\\sqrt{\\varepsilon}$\nexpansions of critical exponents are presented. Corresponding numerical\nestimates for the physical, three-dimensional system are obtained by means of\ndifferent resummation procedures applied both to the $\\sqrt{\\varepsilon}$\nseries and to initial renormalization group expansions. The results given by\nthe latter approach are in a good agreement with their counterparts obtained\nexperimentally and within the Monte Carlo simulations, while resumming of\n$\\sqrt{\\varepsilon}$ series themselves turned out to be disappointing.",
        "positive": "Continuum Percolation Thresholds in Two Dimensions: A wide variety of methods have been used to compute percolation thresholds.\nIn lattice percolation, the most powerful of these methods consists of\nmicrocanonical simulations using the union-find algorithm to efficiently\ndetermine the connected clusters, and (in two dimensions) using exact values\nfrom conformal field theory for the probability, at the phase transition, that\nvarious kinds of wrapping clusters exist on the torus. We apply this approach\nto percolation in continuum models, finding overlaps between objects with\nreal-valued positions and orientations. In particular, we find precise values\nof the percolation transition for disks, squares, rotated squares, and rotated\nsticks in two dimensions, and confirm that these transitions behave as\nconformal field theory predicts. The running time and memory use of our\nalgorithm are essentially linear as a function of the number of objects at\ncriticality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging in ferromagnetic systems at criticality near four dimensions: We study the off-equilibrium response and correlation functions and the\ncorresponding fluctuation-dissipation ratio for a purely dissipative relaxation\nof an O(N) symmetric vector model (Model A) below its upper critical dimension.\nThe scaling behavior of these quantities is analyzed and the associated\nuniversal functions are determined at first order in epsilon expansion in the\nhigh-temperature phase and at criticality. A non trivial limit of the\nfluctuation-dissipation ratio is found in the aging regime.",
        "positive": "The information geometry of 2-field functional integrals: 2-field functional integrals (2FFI) are an important class of solution\nmethods for generating functions of dissipative processes, including\ndiscrete-state stochastic processes, dissipative dynamical systems, and\ndecohering quantum densities. The stationary trajectories of these integrals\ndescribe a conserved current by Liouville's theorem, despite the fact that\nthere is no conserved phase space current in the underlying stochastic process.\nWe develop the information geometry of generating functions for discrete-state\nclassical stochastic processes in the Doi-Peliti 2FFI form, showing that the\nconserved current is a Fisher information between the underlying distribution\nof the process and the tilting weight of the generating function. To give an\ninterpretation to the time invertibility implied by current conservation, we\nuse generating functions to represent importance sampling protocols, and show\nthat the conserved Fisher information is the differential of a sample volume\nunder deformations of the nominal distribution and the likelihood ratio. We\nderive a new pair of dual Riemannian connections respecting the symplectic\nstructure of transport along stationary rays that gives rise to Liouville's\ntheorem, and show that dual flatness in the affine coordinates of the\ncoherent-state basis captures the special role played by coherent states in\nmany 2FFI theories. The covariant convective derivative under time translation\ncorrectly represents the geometric invariants of generating functions under\ncanonical transformations of the 2FFI field variables of integration."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reunion probability of N vicious walkers: typical and large fluctuations\n  for large N: We consider three different models of N non-intersecting Brownian motions on\na line segment [0,L] with absorbing (model A), periodic (model B) and\nreflecting (model C) boundary conditions. In these three cases we study a\nproperly normalized reunion probability, which, in model A, can also be\ninterpreted as the maximal height of N non-intersecting Brownian excursions on\nthe unit time interval. We provide a detailed derivation of the exact formula\nfor these reunion probabilities for finite N using a Fermionic path integral\ntechnique. We then analyse the asymptotic behavior of this reunion probability\nfor large N using two complementary techniques: (i) a saddle point analysis of\nthe underlying Coulomb gas and (ii) orthogonal polynomial method. These two\nmethods are complementary in the sense that they work in two different regimes,\nrespectively for L\\ll O(\\sqrt{N}) and L\\geq O(\\sqrt{N}). A striking feature of\nthe large N limit of the reunion probability in the three models is that it\nexhibits a third-order phase transition when the system size L crosses a\ncritical value L=L_c(N)\\sim \\sqrt{N}. This transition is akin to the\nDouglas-Kazakov transition in two-dimensional continuum Yang-Mills theory.\nWhile the central part of the reunion probability, for L \\sim L_c(N), is\ndescribed in terms of the Tracy-Widom distributions (associated to GOE and GUE\ndepending on the model), the emphasis of the present study is on the large\ndeviations of these reunion probabilities, both in the right [L \\gg L_c(N)] and\nthe left [L \\ll L_c(N)] tails. In particular, for model B, we find that the\nmatching between the different regimes corresponding to typical L \\sim L_c(N)\nand atypical fluctuations in the right tail L \\gg L_c(N) is rather\nunconventional, compared to the usual behavior found for the distribution of\nthe largest eigenvalue of GUE random matrices.",
        "positive": "Localization and Glassy Dynamics Of Many-Body Quantum Systems: When classical systems fail to explore their entire configurational space,\nintriguing macroscopic phenomena like aging and glass formation may emerge.\nAlso closed quanto-mechanical systems may stop wandering freely around the\nwhole Hilbert space, even if they are initially prepared into a macroscopically\nlarge combination of eigenstates. Here, we report numerical evidences that the\ndynamics of strongly interacting lattice bosons driven sufficiently far from\nequilibrium can be trapped into extremely long-lived inhomogeneous metastable\nstates. The slowing down of incoherent density excitations above a threshold\nenergy, much reminiscent of a dynamical arrest on the verge of a glass\ntransition, is identified as the key feature of this phenomenon. We argue that\nthe resulting long-lived inhomogeneities are responsible for the lack of\nthermalization observed in large systems. Such a rich phenomenology could be\nexperimentally uncovered upon probing the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of\nconveniently prepared quantum states of trapped cold atoms which we hereby\nsuggest."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards a modeling of the time dependence of contact area between solid\n  bodies: I present a simple model of the time dependence of the contact area between\nsolid bodies, assuming either a totally uncorrelated surface topography, or a\nself affine surface roughness. The existence of relaxation effects (that I\nincorporate using a recently proposed model) produces the time increase of the\ncontact area $A(t)$ towards an asymptotic value that can be much smaller than\nthe nominal contact area. For an uncorrelated surface topography, the time\nevolution of $A(t)$ is numerically found to be well fitted by expressions of\nthe form [$A(\\infty)-A(t)]\\sim (t+t_0)^{-q}$, where the exponent $q$ depends on\nthe normal load $F_N$ as $q\\sim F_N^{\\beta}$, with $\\beta$ close to 0.5. In\nparticular, when the contact area is much lower than the nominal area I obtain\n$A(t)/A(0) \\sim 1+C\\ln(t/t_0+1)$, i.e., a logarithmic time increase of the\ncontact area, in accordance with experimental observations. The logarithmic\nincrease for low loads is also obtained analytically in this case. For the more\nrealistic case of self affine surfaces, the results are qualitatively similar.",
        "positive": "Numerical comparison of a constrained path ensemble and a driven\n  quasisteady state: We investigate the correspondence between a non-equilibrium ensemble defined\nvia the distribution of phase-space paths of a Hamiltonian system, and a system\ndriven into a steady-state by non-equilibrium boundary conditions. To discover\nwhether the non-equilibrium path ensemble adequately describes the physics of a\ndriven system, we measure transition rates in a simple one-dimensional model of\nrotors with Newtonian dynamics and purely conservative interactions. We compare\nthose rates with known properties of the non-equilibrium path ensemble. In\ndoing so, we establish effective protocols for the analysis of transition rates\nin non-equilibrium quasi-steady states. Transition rates between potential\nwells and also between phase-space elements are studied, and found to exhibit\ndistinct properties, the more coarse-grained potential wells being effectively\nfurther from equilibrium. In all cases the results from the boundary-driven\nsystem are close to the path-ensemble predictions, but the question of\nequivalence of the two remains open."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Avalanche exponents and corrections to scaling for a stochastic sandpile: We study distributions of dissipative and nondissipative avalanches in\nManna's stochastic sandpile, in one and two dimensions. Our results lead to the\nfollowing conclusions: (1) avalanche distributions, in general, do not follow\nsimple power laws, but rather have the form $P(s) \\sim s^{-\\tau_s} (\\ln\ns)^{\\gamma} f(s/s_c)$, with $f$ a cutoff function; (2) the exponents for sizes\nof dissipative avalanches in two dimensions differ markedly from the\ncorresponding values for the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld (BTW) model, implying that the\nBTW and Manna models belong to distinct universality classes; (3) dissipative\navalanche distributions obey finite size scaling, unlike in the BTW model.",
        "positive": "Flocking in One Dimension: Asters and Reversals: We study the one-dimensional active Ising model in which aligning particles\nundergo diffusion biased by the signs of their spins. The phase diagram\nobtained varying the density of particles, their hopping rate and the\ntemperature controlling the alignment shows a homogeneous disordered phase but\nno homogeneous ordered one, as well as two phases with localized dense\nstructures. In the flocking phase, large ordered aggregates move ballistically\nand stochastically reverse their direction of motion. In what we termed the\n\"aster\" phase, dense immobile aggregates of opposite magnetization face each\nother, exchanging particles, without any net motion of the aggregates. Using a\ncombination of numerical simulations and mean-field theory, we study the\nevolution of the shapes of the flocks, the statistics of their reversal times,\nand their coarsening dynamics. Solving exactly for the zero-temperature\ndynamics of an aster allows us to understand their coarsening, which shows\nextremal dynamics, while mean-field equations account for their shape."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the theory of phase transition in muliferroics: In this paper we investigate peculiarities of phase transition high-symmetry\n- incommensurate phase in inhomogeneous systems. We obtain the nonlinear\ndispersion law and then present a renormalization group analysis of phase\ntransitions in multiferroics. We have determined the dependence of critical\nindices on the nonextensivity parameter of the system.",
        "positive": "Concentration Fluctuations from Multinomial Probability Theory and the\n  possible role in continuum Microkinetic Rate Theory: Recently, continuum Microkinetic Rate Theory (cMRT) has been advanced as a\nmethod of studying rates of systems, where deviations between observation and\ncMRT theory have been found, and it hypothesized that these deviations are\nlinked either to oscillations or fluctuations. Multinomial probability theory\n(MPT) is used to derive analytical expressions for concentration fluctuations,\ngiving the fluctuations as a function of average concentrations and sample\nsizes. MPT predictions of fluctuations in kinetically constrained systems are\nverified against kinetic Monte Carlo, and it analytically shown that MPT\npredicts canonical and grand canonical ensemble fluctuations. These fluctuation\nresults are discussed in conjunction with cMRT deviations and it argued that\nfluctuations are not responsible for the deviations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Intermittent dislocation flow in viscoplastic deformation: The viscoplastic deformation (creep) of crystalline materials under constant\nstress involves the motion of a large number of interacting dislocations.\nAnalytical methods and sophisticated `dislocation-dynamics' simulations have\nproved very effective in the study of dislocation patterning, and have led to\nmacroscopic constitutive laws of plastic deformation. Yet, a statistical\nanalysis of the dynamics of an assembly of interacting dislocations has not\nhitherto been performed. Here we report acoustic emission measurements on\nstressed ice single crystals, the results of which indicate that dislocations\nmove in a scale-free intermittent fashion. This result is confirmed by\nnumerical simulations of a model of interacting dislocations that successfully\nreproduces the main features of the experiment. We find that dislocations\ngenerate a slowly evolving configuration landscape which coexists with rapid\ncollective rearrangements. These rearrangements involve a comparatively small\nfraction of the dislocations and lead to an intermittent behavior of the net\nplastic response. This basic dynamical picture appears to be a generic feature\nin the deformation of many other materials. Moreover, it should provide a\nframework for discussing fundamental aspects of plasticity, that goes beyond\nstandard mean-field approaches that see plastic deformation as a smooth laminar\nflow.",
        "positive": "Non existence of a phase transition for the Penetrable Square Wells in\n  one dimension: Penetrable Square Wells in one dimension were introduced for the first time\nin [A. Santos et. al., Phys. Rev. E, 77, 051206 (2008)] as a paradigm for\nultra-soft colloids. Using the Kastner, Schreiber, and Schnetz theorem [M.\nKastner, Rev. Mod. Phys., 80, 167 (2008)] we give strong evidence for the\nabsence of any phase transition for this model. The argument can be generalized\nto a large class of model fluids and complements the van Hove's theorem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Contrarian compulsions produce time dependent flocking of active\n  particles: Animals having a trend to align their velocities to an average of their\nneighbors' may flock as illustrated by the Vicsek model and its variants. If,\nin addition, they feel a systematic contrarian trend, the result may be a time\nperiodic adjustment of the flock or period doubling in time. This is\ndemonstrated by analyzing a modified Vicsek model of self-propelled particles\nand its corresponding kinetic equation valid for a large number of particles.\nWe have carried out a stability and bifurcation analysis of the order-disorder\ntransition to spatially uniform stationary or time periodic solutions that are\ncharacterized by their complex order parameters. Direct numerical simulations\ndiffering from theoretical predictions indicate the formation of spatiotemporal\nstructures. Strikingly, we have found that increasing the usual alignment noise\nmay favor flocking and an optimum noise produces the strongest possible order\nparameter.",
        "positive": "Closed form Eigenvalues of Randomly Segmented Tridiagonal quasi-Toeplitz\n  Matrices: Random Rouse block copolymer: We calculate the eigenvalues of a class of random matrices, namely the\nrandomly segmented tridiagonal quasi-Toeplitz (rstq-T) matrix, in exact\nclosed-form. The contexts under which these matrices arise are ubiquitous in\nphysics. In our case, they arise when studying the dynamics of a Rouse polymer\nembedded in random environments. Unlike in the case of Rouse polymers in\nhomogeneous environments, where the dynamics give rise to a circulant matrix\nand the diagonalization is achieved easily via a Fourier transform, analytical\ndiagonalization of the rstq-T matrix has remained unsolved thus far. We\nanalytically calculate the spectral distribution of the rstq-T matrix, which is\nable to capture the effect of disorder on the modes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground states for nonuniform periodic Ising chains: We give a generalization of Morita's works on ground states of Ising chains,\nfor chains with a periodic structure with different spins, and distant neighbor\ninteractions. The main assumption is translational invariance. The length of\nthe irreducible blocks is a multiple of the period of the chain. In the case of\nparity invariance, it restricts the length in general only in the diatomic\ncase. There are degenerated states and under certain circumstances there could\nbe nonregular ground states. We illustrate the results and give the ground\nstate diagrams in several cases.",
        "positive": "Classical Driven Transport in Open Systems with Particle Interactions\n  and General Couplings to Reservoirs: We study nonequilibrium steady states of lattice gases with nearest-neighbor\ninteractions that are driven between two reservoirs. Density profiles in these\nsystems exhibit oscillations close to the reservoirs. We demonstrate that an\napproach based on time-dependent density functional theory copes with these\noscillations and predicts phase diagrams of bulk densities to a good\napproximation under arbitrary boundary-reservoir couplings. The minimum or\nmaximum current principles can be applied only for specific bulk-adapted\ncouplings. We show that they generally fail to give the correct topology of\nphase diagrams but can still be useful for getting insight into the mutual\narrangement of different phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonextensive thermodynamic relations based on the assumption of\n  temperature duality: The nonextensive thermodynamic relations are expressed under the assumption\nof temperature duality, endowing the \"physical temperature\" and the \"Lagrange\ntemperature\" in different physical sense. Based on this assumption, two sets of\nparallel Legendre transform structures are given. One is called \"physical\" set,\nand the other called \"Lagrange\" set. In these two formalisms, the thermodynamic\nquantities and the thermodynamic relations are both liked through the Tsallis\nfactor. Application of the two sets of the thermodynamic relations to the\nself-gravitating system shows that the heat capacity defined in the classical\nthermodynamics has no relevance to the stability of the system. Instead, the\nnew defined heat capacity can determine the stability of the system.",
        "positive": "The instability of Alexander-McTague crystals and its implication for\n  nucleation: We show that the argument of Alexander and McTague, that the bcc crystalline\nstructure is favored in those crystallization processes where the first order\ncharacter is not too pronounced, is not correct. We find that any solution that\nsatisfies the Alexander-McTague condition is not stable. We investigate the\nimplication of this result for nucleation near the pseudo- spinodal in\nnear-meanfield systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Molecular Dynamics for Fermions: The time-dependent variational principle for many-body trial states is used\nto discuss the relation between the approaches of different molecular dynamics\nmodels to describe indistinguishable fermions. Early attempts to include\neffects of the Pauli principle by means of nonlocal potentials as well as more\nrecent models which work with antisymmetrized many-body states are reviewed\nunder these premises.\n  Keywords: Many-body theory; Fermion system; Molecular dynamics; Wave-packet\ndynamics; Time-dependent variational principle; Statistical properties;\nCanonical ensemble; Ergodicity; Time averaging",
        "positive": "Levinson's theorem and scattering phase shift contributions to the\n  partition function of interacting gases in two dimensions: We consider scattering state contributions to the partition function of a\ntwo-dimensional (2D) plasma in addition to the bound-state sum. A partition\nfunction continuity requirement is used to provide a statistical mechanical\nheuristic proof of Levinson's theorem in two dimensions. We show that a proper\naccount of scattering eliminates singularities in thermodynamic properties of\nthe nonideal 2D gas caused by the emergence of additional bound states as the\nstrength of an attractive potential is increased. The bound-state contribution\nto the partition function of the 2D gas, with a weak short-range attraction\nbetween its particles, is found to vanish logarithmically as the binding energy\ndecreases. A consistent treatment of bound and scattering states in a screened\nCoulomb potential allowed us to calculate the quantum-mechanical second virial\ncoefficient of the dilute 2D electron-hole plasma and to establish the\ndifference between the nearly ideal electron-hole gas in GaAs and the strongly\ncorrelated exciton/free-carrier plasma in wide-gap semiconductors such as ZnSe\nor GaN."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface Tension of a Metal-Electrolyte Boundary: Exactly Solvable Model: An ideal conductor electrode in contact with a semi-infinite two-dimensional\ntwo-component plasma in an external potential is considered. The model is\nmapped onto an integrable sine-Gordon theory with Dirichlet boundary\nconditions. The information gained from the mapping provides an explicit form\nof the surface tension in the plasma-stability regime.",
        "positive": "Functional relations for the order parameters of the chiral Potts model:\n  low-temperature expansions: This is the third in a series of papers in which we set up and discuss the\nfunctional relations for the ``split rapidity line'' correlation function in\nthe N - state chiral Potts model. The order parameters of the model can be\nobtained from this function. Here we consider the case N = 3 and write the\nequations explicitly in terms of the hyperelliptic functions parametrization.\nWe also present four-term low-temperature series expansions, which we hope will\ncast light on the analyticity properties needed to solve the relations. The\nproblem remains unsolved, but we hope that this will prove to be a step in the\nright direction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic bounds on the asymmetry of cross-correlations with\n  dynamical activity and entropy production: Entropy production and dynamical activity are two complementary aspects in\nnonequilibrium physics. The asymmetry of cross-correlation, serving as a\ndistinctive feature of nonequilibrium, also finds widespread utility. In this\nLetter, we establish two thermodynamic bounds on the normalized asymmetry of\ncross-correlation in terms of dynamical activity and entropy production rate.\nThese bounds demonstrate broad applicability, and offer experimental\ntestability.",
        "positive": "Improved lattice operators for non-relativistic fermions: In this work I apply a recently proposed improvement procedure, originally\nconceived to reduce finite lattice spacing effects in transfer matrices for\ndilute Fermi systems, to tuning operators for the calculation of observables. I\nconstruct, in particular, highly improved representations for the energy and\nthe contact, as a first step in an improvement program for finite-temperature\ncalculations. I illustrate the effects of improvement on those quantities with\na ground-state lattice calculation at unitarity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling crossovers in activated escape of nonequilibrium systems: a\n  resonantly driven oscillator: The rate of metastable decay in nonequilibrium systems is expected to display\nscaling behavior: i.e., the logarithm of the decay rate should scale as a power\nof the distance to a bifurcation point where the metastable state disappears.\nRecently such behavior was observed and some of the earlier predicted exponents\nwere found in experiments on several types of systems described by a model of a\nmodulated oscillator. Here we establish the range where different scaling\nbehavior is displayed and show how the crossover between different types of\nscaling occurs. The analysis is done for a nonlinear oscillator with two\ncoexisting stable states of forced vibrations. Our numerical calculations,\nbased on the the instanton method allow the mapping of the entire parameter\nrange of bi-stability. We find the regions where the scaling exponents are 1 or\n3/2, depending on the damping. The exponent 3/2 is found to extend much further\nfrom the bifurcation then were it would be expected to hold as a result of an\nover-damped soft mode. We also uncover a new scaling behavior with exponent of\n$\\approx$ 1.3 which extends, numerically, beyond the close vicinity of the\nbifurcation point.",
        "positive": "Sarma Phase in Trapped Unbalanced Fermi Gases: We consider a trapped unbalanced Fermi gas at nonzero temperatures where the\nsuperfluid Sarma phase is stable. We determine in particular the phase\nboundaries between the superfluid, normal, and phase separated regions of the\ntrapped unbalanced Fermi mixture. We show that the physics of the Sarma phase\nis sufficient to understand the recent observations of Zwierlein et al.\n[Science 311, 492 (2006); Nature 442, 54 (2006)] and indicate how the apparent\ncontradictions between this experiment and the experiment of Partridge et al.\n[Science 311, 503 (2006)] may be resolved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cyclic competition of four species: domains and interfaces: We study numerically domain growth and interface fluctuations in one- and\ntwo-dimensional lattice systems composed of four species that interact in a\ncyclic way. Particle mobility is implemented through exchanges of particles\nlocated on neighboring lattice sites. For the chain we find that domain growth\nstrongly depends on the mobility, with a higher mobility yielding a larger\ndomain growth exponent. In two space dimensions, when also exchanges between\nmutually neutral particles are possible, both domain growth and interface\nfluctuations display universal regimes that are independent of the predation\nand exchange rates.",
        "positive": "Anomalous diffusion analysis of the lifting events in the event-chain\n  Monte Carlo for the classical XY models: We introduce a novel random walk model that emerges in the event-chain Monte\nCarlo (ECMC) of spin systems. In the ECMC, the lifting variable specifying the\nspin to be updated changes its value to one of its interacting neighbor spins.\nThis movement can be regarded as a random walk in a random environment with a\nfeedback. We investigate this random walk numerically in the case of the\nclassical XY model in 1,2, and 3 dimensions to find that it is superdiffusive\nnear the critical point of the underlying spin system. It is suggested that the\nperformance improvement of the ECMC is related to this anomalous behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Understanding the impact of physicality on network structure: The emergence of detailed maps of physical networks, like the brain\nconnectome, vascular networks, or composite networks in metamaterials, whose\nnodes and links are physical entities, have demonstrated the limits of the\ncurrent network science toolset. Indeed, link physicality imposes a\nnon-crossing condition that affects both the evolution and the structure of a\nnetwork, in a way that is not captured by the adjacency matrix alone, the\nstarting point of all graph-based approaches. Here we introduce a meta-graph\nthat helps us discover an exact mapping between linear physical networks and\nindependent sets, a central concept in graph theory. The mapping allows us to\nanalytically derive both the onset of physical effects and the emergence of a\njamming transition, and show that physicality impacts the network structure\neven when the total volume of the links is negligible. Finally, we construct\nthe meta-graphs of several real physical networks, allowing us to predict\nfunctional features, like synapse formation in the brain connectome, in\nagreement with the empirical data. Overall, we find that once present,\nphysicality fundamentally alters the structure of a network, changes that must\nbe quantified to understand the underlying systems.",
        "positive": "Susceptibility to disorder of the optimal resetting rate in the Larkin\n  model of directed polymers: We consider the Larkin model of a directed polymer with Gaussian-distributed\nrandom forces, with the addition of a resetting process whereby the transverse\nposition of the end-point of the polymer is reset to zero with constant rate\n$r$. We express the average over disorder of the mean time to absorption by an\nabsorbing target at a fixed value of the transverse position. Thanks to the\nindependence properties of the distribution of the random forces, this\nexpression is analogous to the mean time to absorption for a diffusive particle\nunder resetting, which possesses a single minimum at an optimal value $r^\\ast$\nof the resetting rate . Moreover, the mean time to absorption can be expanded\nas a power series of the amplitude of the disorder, around the value $r^\\ast$\nof the resetting rate. We obtain the susceptibility of the optimal resetting\nrate to disorder in closed form, and find it to be positive."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ensemble averaged Madelung energies of finite volumes and surfaces: Exact expressions for ensemble averaged Madelung energies of finite volumes\nare derived. The extrapolation to the thermodynamic limit converges\nunconditionally and can be used as a parameter-free real-space summation method\nof Madelung constants. In the large volume limit, the surface term of the\nensemble averaged Madelung energy has a universal form, independent of the\ncrystal structure. The scaling of the Madelung energy with system size provides\na simple explanation for the structural phase transition observed in cesium\nhalide clusters.",
        "positive": "Competing tunneling trajectories in a 2D potential with variable\n  topology as a model for quantum bifurcations: We present a path - integral approach to treat a 2D model of a quantum\nbifurcation. The model potential has two equivalent minima separated by one or\ntwo saddle points, depending on the value of a continuous parameter. Tunneling\nis therefore realized either along one trajectory or along two equivalent\npaths. Zero point fluctuations smear out the sharp transition between these two\nregimes and lead to a certain crossover behavior. When the two saddle points\nare inequivalent one can also have a first order transition related to the fact\nthat one of the two trajectories becomes unstable. We illustrate these results\nby numerical investigations. Even though a specific model is investigated here,\nthe approach is quite general and has potential applicability for various\nsystems in physics and chemistry exhibiting multi-stability and tunneling\nphenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dual unitary circuits in random geometries: Recently introduced dual unitary brickwork circuits have been recognised as\nparadigmatic exactly solvable quantum chaotic many-body systems with tunable\ndegree of ergodicity and mixing. Here we show that regularity of the circuit\nlattice is not crucial for exact solvability. We consider a circuit where\nrandom 2-qubit dual unitary gates sit at intersections of random arrangements\nof straight lines in two dimensions (mikado) and analytically compute the\nvariance of the spatio-temporal correlation function of local operators. Note\nthat the average correlator vanishes due to local Haar randomness of the gates.\nThe result can be physically motivated for two random mikado settings. The\nfirst corresponds to the thermal state of free particles carrying internal\nqubit degrees of freedom which experience interaction at kinematic crossings,\nwhile the second represents rotationally symmetric (random euclidean)\nspace-time.",
        "positive": "Temperature Dependence of Spin and Bond Ordering in a Spin-Peierls\n  System: We investigate thermodynamic properties of a one-dimensional S=1/2\nantiferromagnetic Heisenberg model coupled to a lattice distortion by a quantum\nMonte Carlo method. In particular we study how spin and lattice dimerize as a\nfunction of the temperature, which gives a fundamental process of the\nspin-Peierls transition in higher dimensions. The degree of freedom of the\nlattice is taken into account adiabatically and the thermal distribution of the\nlattice distortion is obtained by the thermal bath algorithm. We find that the\ndimerization develops as the temperature decreases and it converges to the\nvalue of the dimerization of the ground state at T=0. Furthermore we find that\nthe coupling constants of spins fluctuate quite largly at high temperature and\nthere thermodynamic properties deviate from those of the uniform chain. Doping\nof non-magnetic impurities causes cut of the chain into short chains with open\nboundary. We investigate thermodynamic properties of open chains taking\nrelaxation of the lattice into consideration. We find that strong bonds locate\nat the edges and a defect of the bond alternation appears in the chain with odd\nnumber of sites, which causes enhancement of the staggered magnetic order. We\nfind a spreaded staggered structure which indicates that the defect moves\ndiffusively in the chain even at very low temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spreading fronts of wetting liquid droplets: microscopic simulations and\n  universal fluctuations: We have used kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations of a lattice gas to study\nfront fluctuations in the spreading of a non-volatile liquid droplet onto a\nsolid substrate. Our results are consistent with a diffusive growth law for the\nradius of the precursor layer, $R \\sim t^{\\delta}$, with $\\delta \\approx 1/2$\nin all the conditions considered for temperature and substrate wettability, in\ngood agreement with previous studies. The fluctuations of the front exhibit\nkinetic roughening properties with exponent values which depend on temperature\n$T$, but become $T$-independent for sufficiently high $T$. Moreover, strong\nevidences of intrinsic anomalous scaling have been found, characterized by\ndifferent values of the roughness exponent at short and large length scales.\nAlthough such a behavior differs from the scaling properties of the\none-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class, the front\ncovariance and the probability distribution function of front fluctuations\nfound in our kMC simulations do display KPZ behavior, agreeing with simulations\nof a continuum height equation proposed in this context. However, this equation\ndoes not feature intrinsic anomalous scaling, at variance with the discrete\nmodel.",
        "positive": "Fourth-neighbour two-point functions of the XXZ chain and the Fermionic\n  basis approach: We give a descriptive review of the Fermionic basis approach to the theory of\ncorrelation functions of the XXZ quantum spin chain. The emphasis is on\nexplicit formulae for short-range correlation functions which will be presented\nin a way that allows for their direct implementation on a computer. Within the\nFermionic basis approach a huge class of stationary reduced density matrices,\ncompatible with the integrable structure of the model, assumes a factorized\nform. This means that all expectation values of local operators and all\ntwo-point functions, in particular, can be represented as multivariate\npolynomials in only two functions $\\rho$ and $\\omega$ and their derivatives\nwith coefficients that are rational in the deformation parameter $q$ of the\nmodel. These coefficients are of `algebraic origin'. They do not depend on the\nchoice of the density matrix, which only impacts the form of $\\rho$ and\n$\\omega$. As an example we work out in detail the case of the grand canonical\nensemble at temperature $T$ and magnetic field $h$ for $q$ in the critical\nregime. We compare our exact results for the fourth-neighbour two-point\nfunctions with asymptotic formulae for $h, T = 0$ and for finite $h$ and $T$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Localized Mode and Nonergodicity of a Harmonic Oscillator Chain: We present a simple and microscopic physical model that breaks the\nergodicity. Our model consists of coupled classical harmonic oscillators, and\nthe motion of the tagged particle obeys the generalized Langevin equation\nsatisfying the second fluctuation dissipation theorem. It is found that\nalthough the nonergodicity strength, which is expected to detect the ergodicity\nbreaking, for this model vanishes, the velocity auto correlation function of\nthe tagged particle asymptotically oscillates. We analyze the model by using\nthe molecular dynamics and the exact diagonalization as well as the rigorous\nmapping to the generalized Langevin equation. Our analysis reveals that the\nasymptotic oscillation is caused by a localized mode with an isolated frequency\nfrom the continuous phonon spectrum.",
        "positive": "T=0 Partition Functions for Potts Antiferromagnets on Square Lattice\n  Strips with (Twisted) Periodic Boundary Conditions: We present exact calculations of the zero-temperature partition function for\nthe q-state Potts antiferromagnet (equivalently, the chromatic polynomial) for\ntwo families of arbitrarily long strip graphs of the square lattice with\nperiodic boundary conditions in the transverse direction and (i) periodic (ii)\ntwisted periodic boundary conditions in the longitudinal direction, so that the\nstrip graphs are embedded on a (i) torus (ii) Klein bottle. In the limit of\ninfinite length, we calculate the exponent of the entropy, W(q), show it to be\nthe same for (i) and (ii), and determine its analytic structure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary conditions and the critical Casimir force on an Ising model\n  film: exact results in one and two dimensions: Finite size effect in critical systems can be interpreted as universal\nCasimir forces. Here we compare the Casimir force for free, periodic and\nantiperiodic boundary conditions in the exactly calculable case of the Ising\nmodel in one and two dimensions. We employ a new procedure which allows us to\ncalculate the Casimir force with periodic and antiperiodic boundary conditions\nanalytically in a transparent manner. Quite interestingly, we find an\nattractive Casimir force for the case of periodic boundary condition but a\nrepulsive Casimir force for the anti-periodic one.",
        "positive": "Coexistence of Coherence and Incoherence in Nonlocally Coupled Phase\n  Oscillators: The phase oscillator model with global coupling is extended to the case of\nfinite-range nonlocal coupling. Under suitable conditions, peculiar patterns\nemerge in which a quasi-continuous array of identical oscillators separates\nsharply into two domains, one composed of mutually synchronized oscillators\nwith unique frequency and the other composed of desynchronized oscillators with\ndistributed frequencies. We apply a theory similar to the one which\nsuccessfully explained the onset of collective synchronization in globally\ncoupled phase oscillators with frequency distribution. A space-dependent order\nparameter is thus introduced, and an exact functional self-consistency equation\nis derived for this quantity. Its numerical solution is confirmed to reproduce\nthe simulation results accurately."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Absence of nematic quasi-long-range order in two-dimensional liquid\n  crystals with three director components: The Lebwohl-Lasher model describes the isotropic-nematic transition in liquid\ncrystals. In two dimensions, where its continuous symmetry cannot break\nspontaneously, it is investigated numerically since decades to verify, in\nparticular, the conjecture of a topological transition leading to a nematic\nphase with quasi-long-range order. We use scale invariant scattering theory to\nexactly determine the renormalization group fixed points in the general case of\n$N$ director components ($RP^{N-1}$ model), which yields the Lebwohl-Lasher\nmodel for $N=3$. For $N>2$ we show the absence of quasi-long-range order and\nthe presence of a zero temperature critical point in the universality class of\nthe $O(N(N+1)/2-1)$ model. For $N=2$ the fixed point equations yield the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition required by the correspondence\n$RP^1\\sim O(2)$.",
        "positive": "Fitting Effective Diffusion Models to Data Associated with a \"Glassy\n  Potential\": Estimation, Classical Inference Procedures and Some Heuristics: A variety of researchers have successfully obtained the parameters of low\ndimensional diffusion models using the data that comes out of atomistic\nsimulations. This naturally raises a variety of questions about efficient\nestimation, goodness-of-fit tests, and confidence interval estimation. The\nfirst part of this article uses maximum likelihood estimation to obtain the\nparameters of a diffusion model from a scalar time series. I address numerical\nissues associated with attempting to realize asymptotic statistics results with\nmoderate sample sizes in the presence of exact and approximated transition\ndensities. Approximate transition densities are used because the analytic\nsolution of a transition density associated with a parametric diffusion model\nis often unknown.I am primarily interested in how well the deterministic\ntransition density expansions of Ait-Sahalia capture the curvature of the\ntransition density in (idealized) situations that occur when one carries out\nsimulations in the presence of a \"glassy\" interaction potential. Accurate\napproximation of the curvature of the transition density is desirable because\nit can be used to quantify the goodness-of-fit of the model and to calculate\nasymptotic confidence intervals of the estimated parameters. The second part of\nthis paper contributes a heuristic estimation technique for approximating a\nnonlinear diffusion model. A \"global\" nonlinear model is obtained by taking a\nbatch of time series and applying simple local models to portions of the data.\nI demonstrate the technique on a diffusion model with a known transition\ndensity and on data generated by the Stochastic Simulation Algorithm."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solution of a two leg spin ladder system: A new model for a spin 1/2 ladder system with two legs is introduced. It is\ndemonstrated that this model is solvable via the Bethe ansatz method for\narbitrary values of the rung coupling J. This is achieved by a suitable mapping\nfrom the Hubbard model with appropriate twisted boundary conditions. We\ndetermine that a phase transition between gapped and gapless spin excitations\noccurs at the critical value J_c=1/2 of the rung coupling.",
        "positive": "The Stretch to Stray on Time: Resonant Length of Random Walks in a\n  Transient: First-passage times in random walks have a vast number of diverse\napplications in physics, chemistry, biology, and finance. In general,\nenvironmental conditions for a stochastic process are not constant on the time\nscale of the average first-passage time, or control might be applied to reduce\nnoise. We investigate moments of the first-passage time distribution under a\ntransient describing relaxation of environmental conditions. We solve the\nLaplace-transformed (generalized) master equation analytically using a novel\nmethod that is applicable to general state schemes. The first-passage time from\none end to the other of a linear chain of states is our application for the\nsolutions. The dependence of its average on the relaxation rate obeys a power\nlaw for slow transients. The exponent $\\nu$ depends on the chain length $N$\nlike $\\nu=-N/(N+1)$ to leading order. Slow transients substantially reduce the\nnoise of first-passage times expressed as the coefficient of variation (CV),\neven if the average first-passage time is much longer than the transient. The\nCV has a pronounced minimum for some lengths, which we call resonant lengths.\nThese results also suggest a simple and efficient noise control strategy, and\nare closely related to the timing of repetitive excitations, coherence\nresonance and information transmission by noisy excitable systems. A resonant\nnumber of steps from the inhibited state to the excitation threshold and slow\nrecovery from negative feedback provide optimal timing noise reduction and\ninformation transmission."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium Dynamics, Thermalization and Entropy Production: This paper addresses fundamental aspects of statistical mechanics such as the\nmotivation of a classical state space with spontaneous transitions, the meaning\nof non-equilibrium in the context of thermalization, and the justification of\nthese concepts from the quantum-mechanical point of view. After an introductory\npart we focus on the problem of entropy production in non-equilibrium systems.\nIn particular, the generally accepted formula for entropy production in the\nenvironment is analyzed from a critical perspective. It is shown that this\nformula is only valid in the limit of separated time scales of the system's and\nthe environmental degrees of freedom. Finally, we present an alternative simple\nproof of the fluctuation theorem.",
        "positive": "Non-stationary Statistics and Formation Jitter in Transient Photon\n  Condensation: While equilibrium phase transitions are well described by a free-energy\nlandscape, there are few tools to describe general features of their\nnon-equilibrium counterparts. On the other hand, near-equilibrium free-energies\nare easily accessible but their full geometry is only explored in\nnon-equilibrium, e.g. after a quench. In the particular case of a\nnon-stationary system, however, the concepts of an order parameter and free\nenergy become ill-defined, and a comprehensive understanding of non-stationary\n(transient) phase transitions is still lacking. Here, we probe transient\nnon-equilibrium dynamics of an optically pumped, dye-filled microcavity which\nexhibits near-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation under steady-state\nconditions. By rapidly exciting a large number of dye molecules, we quench the\nsystem to a far-from-equilibrium state and, close to a critical excitation\nenergy, find delayed condensation, interpreted as a transient equivalent of\ncritical slowing down. We introduce the two-time, non-stationary, second-order\ncorrelation function as a powerful experimental tool for probing the\nstatistical properties of the transient relaxation dynamics. In addition to\nnumber fluctuations near the critical excitation energy, we show that transient\nphase transitions exhibit a different form of diverging fluctuations, namely\ntiming jitter in the growth of the order parameter. This jitter is seeded by\nthe randomness associated with spontaneous emission, with its effect being\namplified near the critical point. The general character of our results are\nthen discussed based on the geometry of effective free-energy landscapes. We\nthus identify universal features, such as the formation timing jitter, for a\nlarger set of systems undergoing transient phase transitions. Our results carry\nimmediate implications to diverse systems, including micro- and nano-lasers and\ngrowth of colloidal nanoparticles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Explosion of a collapsing Bose-Einstein condensate: We show that elastic collisions between atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate\nwith attractive interactions lead to an explosion that ejects a large fraction\nof the collapsing condensate. We study variationally the dynamics of this\nexplosion and find excellent agreement with recent experiments on magnetically\ntrapped Rubidium-85. We also determine the energy and angular distribution of\nthe ejected atoms during the collapse.",
        "positive": "Many-body q-exponential distribution prescribed by factorization\n  hypothesis: The factorization problem of $q$-exponential distribution within nonextensive\nstatistical mechanics is discussed on the basis of Abe's general\npseudoadditivity for equilibrium systems. it is argued that the factorization\nof compound probability into product of the probabilities of subsystems is\nnothing but the consequence of existence of thermodynamic equilibrium in the\ninteracting systems having Tsallis entropy. So the factorization does not needs\nindependent noninteracting systems and should be respected in all exact\ncalculations concerning interacting nonextensive subsystems. This consideration\nmakes it legitimate to use $q$-exponential distribution either for composite\nsystem or for single body in many-body systems. Some known results of ideal\ngases obtained with additive energy are reviewed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collective effects at frictional interfaces: We discuss the role of the long-range elastic interaction between the\ncontacts inside an inhomogeneous frictional interface. The interaction produces\na characteristic elastic correlation length $\\lambda_c = a^2 E / k_c$ (where\n$a$ is the distance between the contacts, $k_c$ is the elastic constant of a\ncontact, and $E$ is the Young modulus of the sliding body), below which the\nslider may be considered as a rigid body. The strong inter-contact interaction\nleads to a narrowing of the effective threshold distribution for contact\nbreaking and enhances the chances for an elastic instability to appear. Above\nthe correlation length, $r > \\lambda_c$, the interaction leads to screening of\nlocal perturbations in the interface, or to appearance of collective modes ---\nfrictional cracks propagating as solitary waves.",
        "positive": "Bayesian feature selection with strongly-regularizing priors maps to the\n  Ising Model: Identifying small subsets of features that are relevant for prediction and/or\nclassification tasks is a central problem in machine learning and statistics.\nThe feature selection task is especially important, and computationally\ndifficult, for modern datasets where the number of features can be comparable\nto, or even exceed, the number of samples. Here, we show that feature selection\nwith Bayesian inference takes a universal form and reduces to calculating the\nmagnetizations of an Ising model, under some mild conditions. Our results\nexploit the observation that the evidence takes a universal form for\nstrongly-regularizing priors --- priors that have a large effect on the\nposterior probability even in the infinite data limit. We derive explicit\nexpressions for feature selection for generalized linear models, a large class\nof statistical techniques that include linear and logistic regression. We\nillustrate the power of our approach by analyzing feature selection in a\nlogistic regression-based classifier trained to distinguish between the letters\nB and D in the notMNIST dataset."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviations of the maximum of independent and identically\n  distributed random variables: A pedagogical account of some aspects of Extreme Value Statistics (EVS) is\npresented from the somewhat non-standard viewpoint of Large Deviation Theory.\nWe address the following problem: given a set of $N$ i.i.d. random variables\n$\\{X_1,\\ldots,X_N\\}$ drawn from a parent probability density function (pdf)\n$p(x)$, what is the probability that the maximum value of the set\n$X_{\\mathrm{max}}=\\max_i X_i$ is \"atypically larger\" than expected? The cases\nof exponential and Gaussian distributed variables are worked out in detail, and\nthe right rate function for a general pdf in the Gumbel basin of attraction is\nderived. The Gaussian case convincingly demonstrates that the full rate\nfunction cannot be determined from the knowledge of the limiting distribution\n(Gumbel) alone, thus implying that it indeed carries additional information.\nGiven the simplicity and richness of the result and its derivation, its absence\nfrom textbooks, tutorials and lecture notes on EVS for physicists appears\ninexplicable.",
        "positive": "Dynamical phase diagram of the dc-driven underdamped Frenkel-Kontorova\n  chain: Multistep dynamical phase transition from the locked to the running state of\natoms in response to a dc external force is studied by MD simulations of the\ngeneralized Frenkel-Kontorova model in the underdamped limit. We show that the\nhierarchy of transition recently reported [Braun et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78,\n1295 (1997)] strongly depends on the value of the friction constant. A simple\nphenomenological explanation for the friction dependence of the various\ncritical forces separating intermediate regimes is given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Onset of Singularities in the Pattern of Fluctuational Paths of a\n  Nonequilibrium System: Fluctuations in systems away from thermal equilibrium have features that have\nno analog in equilibrium systems. One of such features concerns large rare\nexcursions far from the stable state in the space of dynamical variables. For\nequilibrium systems, the most probable fluctuational trajectory to a given\nstate is related to the fluctuation-free trajectory back to the stable state by\ntime reversal. This is no longer true for nonequilibrium systems, where the\npattern of the most probable trajectories generally displays singularities.\nHere we study how the singularities emerge as the system is driven away from\nequilibrium, and whether a driving strength threshold is required for their\nonset. Using a resonantly modulated oscillator as a model, we identify two\ndistinct scenarios, depending on the speed of the optimal path in thermal\nequilibrium. If the position away from the stable state along the optimal path\ngrows exponentially in time, the singularities emerge without a threshold. We\nfind the scaling of the location of the singularities as a function of the\ncontrol parameter. If the growth away from the stable state is faster than\nexponential, characterized by the ability to reach infinity in finite time,\nthere is a threshold for the onset of singularities, which we study for the\nmodel.",
        "positive": "Classification of phase transitions of finite Bose-Einstein condensates\n  in power law traps by Fisher zeros: We present a detailed description of a classification scheme for phase\ntransitions in finite systems based on the distribution of Fisher zeros of the\ncanonical partition function in the complex temperature plane. We apply this\nscheme to finite Bose-systems in power law traps within a semi-analytic\napproach with a continuous one-particle density of states $\\Omega(E)\\sim\nE^{d-1}$ for different values of $d$ and to a three dimensional harmonically\nconfined ideal Bose-gas with discrete energy levels. Our results indicate that\nthe order of the Bose-Einstein condensation phase transition sensitively\ndepends on the confining potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fitness fluctuations in Bak-Sneppen model: We study the one-dimensional Bak-Sneppen model for the evolution of species\nin an ecosystem. Of particular interest are the temporal fluctuations in the\nfitness variables. We numerically compute the power spectral density and apply\nthe finite-size scaling method to get data collapse. A clear signature of\n$1/f^{\\alpha}$ noise with $\\alpha\\approx 1.2$ (long-time correlations) emerges\nfor both local and global (or average) fitness noises. The limiting value 0 or\n2 for the spectral exponent corresponds to the no interaction or random\nneighbors version model, respectively. The local power spectra are spatially\nuncorrelated and also show an additional scaling $\\sim 1/L$ in the frequency\nregime $L^{-\\lambda}\\ll f\\ll 1/2$, where $L$ is the linear extent of the\nsystem.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of a Massive Piston in an Ideal Gas: We study a dynamical system consisting of a massive piston in a cubical\ncontainer of large size $L$ filled with an ideal gas. The piston has mass\n$M\\sim L^2$ and undergoes elastic collisions with $N\\sim L^3$ non-interacting\ngas particles of mass $m=1$. We find that, under suitable initial conditions,\nthere is, in the limit $L \\to \\infty$, a scaling regime with time and space\nscaled by $L$, in which the motion of the piston and the one particle\ndistribution of the gas satisfy autonomous coupled equations (hydrodynamical\nequations), so that the mechanical trajectory of the piston converges, in\nprobability, to the solution of the hydrodynamical equations for a certain\nperiod of time. We also discuss heuristically the dynamics of the system on\nlonger intervals of time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Infinite-range Ising ferromagnet in a time-dependent transverse field:\n  quench and ac dynamics near the quantum critical point: We study an infinite range ferromagnetic Ising model in the presence of a\ntransverse magnetic field which exhibits a quantum paramagnetic-ferromagnetic\nphase transition at a critical value of the transverse field. In the\nthermodynamic limit, the low-temperature properties of this model are dominated\nby the behavior of a single large classical spin governed by an anisotropic\nHamiltonian. Using this property, we study the quench and AC dynamics of the\nmodel both numerically and analytically, and develop a correspondence between\nthe classical phase space dynamics of a single spin and the quantum dynamics of\nthe infinite-range ferromagnetic Ising model. In particular, we compare the\nbehavior of the equal-time order parameter correlation function both near to\nand away from the quantum critical point in the presence of a quench or AC\ntransverse field. We explicitly demonstrate that a clear signature of the\nquantum critical point can be obtained by studying the AC dynamics of the\nsystem even in the classical limit. We discuss possible realizations of our\nmodel in experimental systems.",
        "positive": "Comments on Failures of van der Waals Equation at the Gas Liquid\n  Critical Point, L. V. Woodcock, International Journal of Thermophysics 2018\n  39 120: These comments are a response to the discussion presented in the above paper\nconcerning the New comment on Gibbs Density Surface of Fluid Argon, Revised\nCritical Parameters by Umirzakov. Here we show that Woodcocks results obtained\nfor the dependencies for the isochoric heat capacity, excess Gibbs energy and\ncoexisting difference functional of argon, and coexisting densities of liquid\nand vapor of the van der Waals fluid and presented in all Figures are\nincorrect, his Table includes incorrect values of coexisting difference\nfunctional, his paper includes many incorrect equations, mathematical and\nlogical errors and physically incorrect assertions concerning the temperature\ndependences of the isochoric heat capacity and entropy of real fluids, most of\nthe his conclusions are based on the above errors, incorrect data, incorrect\ncomparisons and incorrect dependencies; and most of his conclusions are\ninvalid. We also show that the van der Waals equation of state quantitatively\ndescribes the dependencies of saturation pressure on vapor density and\ntemperature near critical point, and the equation of state can describe\nqualitatively the reduced excess Gibbs energy, rigidity and densities of\ncoexisting liquid and vapor of argon, including the region near critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Flux fluctuations in a multi-random-walker model and surface growth\n  dynamics: We study the dynamics of visitation flux in a multi-random-walker model by\ncomparison to surface growth dynamics in which one random walker drops a\nparticle to a node at each time the walker visits the node. In each independent\nexperiment (trial or day) for the multi-random-walker model, the number of\nwalkers are randomly chosen from the uniform distribution $[< N_{RW} >\n-\\triangle N_{RW}, < N_{RW} > +\\triangle N_{RW} ]$. The averaged fluctuation\n$\\bar {\\sigma} ({T_{RW}})$ of the visitations over all nodes $i$ and\nindependent experiments is shown to satisfy the power-law dependence on the\nwalk step $T_{RW}$ as $\\bar {\\sigma} ({T_{RW}})\\simeq {T_{RW}}^\\beta$.\nFurthermore two distinct values of the exponent $\\beta$ are found on a\nscale-free network, a random network and regular lattices. One is $\\beta_i$,\nwhich is equal to the growth exponent $\\beta$ for the surface fluctuation $W$\nin one-random-walker model, and the other is $\\beta=1$. $\\beta_i$ is found for\nsmall $\\triangle N_{RW}$ or for the system governed by the internal intrinsic\ndynamics. In contrast $\\beta=1$ is found for large $\\triangle N_{RW}$ or for\nthe system governed by the external flux variations. The implications of our\nresults to the recent studies on fluctuation dynamics of the nodes on networks\nare discussed.",
        "positive": "A numerical method for solving snapping out Brownian motion in 2D\n  bounded domains: Diffusion in heterogeneous media partitioned by semi-permeable interfaces has\na wide range of applications in the physical and life sciences, including gas\npermeation in soils, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI), drug\ndelivery, thermal conduction in composite media, synaptic receptor trafficking,\nand intercellular gap junctions. At the single particle level, diffusion across\na semi-permeable interface can be formulated in terms of so-called snapping out\nBrownian motion (SNOBM). The latter sews together successive rounds of\nreflected BM, each of which is restricted to one side of the interface. Each\nround of reflected BM is killed when the local time at the interface exceeds an\nindependent, exponentially distributed random variable. (The local time\nspecifies the amount of time a reflected Brownian particle spends in a\nneighborhood of the interface.) The particle then immediately resumes reflected\nBM on the same side or the other side of the interface according to a\nstochastic switch, and the process is iterated. In this paper, we develop a\nMonte Carlo algorithm for simulating a two-dimensional version of SNOBM, which\nis used to solve a first passage time (FPT) problem for diffusion in a domain\nwith semi-permeable partially absorbing traps. Our method combines a\nwalk-on-spheres (WOS) method with an efficient algorithm for computing the\nboundary local time that uses a Skorokhod integral representation of the\nlatter. We validate our algorithm by comparing the Monte Carlo estimates of the\nMFPT to the exact solution for a single circular trap, and show that our\nsimulations are consistent with asymptotic results obtained for the 2D narrow\ncapture problem involving multiple small circular targets. We also discuss\nextensions to higher dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamics from Grad's equations: What can we learn from exact\n  solutions?: A detailed treatment of the classical Chapman-Enskog derivation of\nhydrodynamics is given in the framework of Grad's moment equations. Grad's\nsystems are considered as the minimal kinetic models where the Chapman-Enskog\nmethod can be studied exactly, thereby providing the basis to compare various\napproximations in extending the hydrodynamic description beyond the\nNavier-Stokes approximation. Various techniques, such as the method of partial\nsummation, Pade approximants, and invariance principle are compared both in\nlinear and nonlinear situations.",
        "positive": "Percolation exponents at the entanglement transition: NOTE: This paper has been withdrawn by the authors, because they have been\nsubsequently convinced that the sudden increase in the pyrene fluorescence\ncannot arise from entanglements but must rather come from a caging effect, at\nmuch smaller length scales, signalling the onset of vitrification. Thus the\npercolation exponents that are observed must arise from the percolation of\nthese dense caging regions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat capacity in nonequilibrium steady states: We show how to extend the concept of heat capacity to nonequilibrium systems.\nThe main idea is to consider the excess heat released by an already dissipative\nsystem when slowly changing the environment temperature. We take the framework\nof Markov jump processes to embed the specific physics of small driven systems\nand we demonstrate that heat capacities can be consistently defined in the\nquasistatic limit. Away from thermal equilibrium, an additional term appears to\nthe usual energy-temperature response at constant volume, explicitly in terms\nof the excess work. In linear order around an equilibrium dynamics that extra\nterm is an energy-driving response and it is entirely determined from local\ndetailed balance. Examples illustrate how the steady heat capacity can become\nnegative when far from equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Quench action and Renyi entropies in integrable systems: Entropy is a fundamental concept in equilibrium statistical mechanics, yet\nits origin in the non-equilibrium dynamics of isolated quantum systems is not\nfully understood. A strong consensus is emerging around the idea that the\nstationary thermodynamic entropy is the von Neumann entanglement entropy of a\nlarge subsystem embedded in an infinite system. Also motivated by cold-atom\nexperiments, here we consider the generalisation to Renyi entropies. We develop\na new technique to calculate the diagonal Renyi entropy in the quench action\nformalism. In the spirit of the replica treatment for the entanglement entropy,\nthe diagonal Renyi entropies are generalised free energies evaluated over a\nthermodynamic macrostate which depends on the Renyi index and, in particular,\nit is not the same describing the von Neumann entropy. The technical reason for\nthis, maybe surprising, result is that the evaluation of the moments of the\ndiagonal density matrix shifts the saddle point of the quench action. An\ninteresting consequence is that different Renyi entropies encode information\nabout different regions of the spectrum of the post-quench Hamiltonian. Our\napproach provides a very simple proof of the long-standing issue that, for\nintegrable systems, the diagonal entropy is half of the thermodynamic one and\nit allows us to generalise this result to the case of arbitrary Renyi entropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entangled multiplets, asymmetry, and quantum Mpemba effect in\n  dissipative systems: Recently, the entanglement asymmetry emerged as an informative tool to\nunderstand dynamical symmetry restoration in out-of-equilibrium quantum\nmany-body systems after a quantum quench. For integrable systems the asymmetry\ncan be understood in the space-time scaling limit via the quasiparticle\npicture, as it was pointed out in Ref. [1]. However, a quasiparticle picture\nfor quantum quenches from generic initial states was still lacking. Here we\nconjecture a full-fledged quasiparticle picture for the charged moments of the\nreduced density matrix, which are the main ingredients to construct the\nasymmetry. Our formula works for quenches producing entangled multiplets of an\narbitrary number of excitations. We benchmark our results in the $XX$ spin\nchain. First, by using an elementary approach based on the multidimensional\nstationary phase approximation we provide an $\\textit{ab initio}$ rigorous\nderivation of the dynamics of the charged moments for the quench treated in\n[2]. Then, we show that the same results can be straightforwardly obtained\nwithin our quasiparticle picture. As a byproduct of our analysis, we obtain a\ngeneral criterion ensuring a vanishing entanglement asymmetry at long times.\nNext, by using the Lindblad master equation, we study the effect of gain and\nloss dissipation on the entanglement asymmetry. Specifically, we investigate\nthe fate of the so-called quantum Mpemba effect (QME) in the presence of\ndissipation. We show that dissipation can induce QME even if unitary dynamics\ndoes not show it, and we provide a quasiparticle-based interpretation of the\ncondition for the QME.",
        "positive": "The hidden fluctuation-dissipation theorem for growth: In a stochastic process, where noise is always present, the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) becomes one of the most important tools\nin statistical mechanics and, consequently, it appears everywhere. Its major\nutility is to provide a simple response to study certain processes in solids\nand fluids. However, in many situations we are not talking about a FDT, but\nabout the noise intensity. For example, noise has enormous importance in\ndiffusion and growth phenomena. Although we have an explicit FDT for diffusion\nphenomena, we do not have one for growth processes where we have a noise\nintensity. We show that there is a hidden FDT for the growth phenomenon,\nsimilar to the diffusive one. Moreover, we show that growth with correlated\nnoise presents as well a similar form of FDT. We also call attention to the\nhierarchy within the theorems of statistical mechanics and how this explains\nthe violation of the FDT in some phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Negative specific heat in a Lennard-Jones-like gas with long-range\n  interactions: We study, through molecular dynamics, a conservative two-dimensional\nLennard-Jones-like gas (with attractive potential $\\propto r^{-\\alpha}$). We\nconsider the effect of the range index $\\alpha$ of interactions, number of\nparticles, total energy and particle density. We detect negative specific heat\nwhen the interactions become long-ranged ($0\\le \\alpha/d<1$).",
        "positive": "Equilibrium time-correlation functions for one-dimensional hard-point\n  systems: As recently proposed, the long-time behavior of equilibrium time-correlation\nfunctions for one-dimensional systems are expected to be captured by a\nnonlinear extension of fluctuating hydrodynamics. We outline the predictions\nfrom the theory aimed at the comparison with molecular dynamics. We report on\nnumerical simulations of a fluid with a hard-shoulder potential and of a\nhard-point gas with alternating masses. These models have in common that the\ncollision time is zero and their dynamics amounts to iterating collision by\ncollision. The theory is well confirmed, with the twist that the non-universal\ncoefficients are still changing at longest accessible times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "In the folds of the Central Limit Theorem: L\u00e9vy walks, large\n  deviations and higher-order anomalous diffusion: This article considers the statistical properties of L\\'evy walks possessing\na regular long-term linear scaling of the mean square displacement with time,\nfor which the conditions of the classical Central Limit Theorem apply.\nNotwithstanding this property, their higher-order moments display anomalous\nscaling properties, whenever the statistics of the transition times possesses\npower-law tails. This phenomenon is perfectly consistent with the classical\nCentral Limit Theorem, as it involves the convergence properties towards the\nnormal distribution. It is closely related to the property that the higher\norder moments of normalized sums of $N$ independent random variables possessing\nfinite variance may deviate, for $N$ tending to infinity, to those of the\nnormal distribution. The thermodynamic implications of these results are\nthoroughly analyzed by motivating the concept of higher-order anomalous\ndiffusion.",
        "positive": "Comment on the paper by Y.Komura and Y.Okabe [arXiv:1011.3321]: We point out that the claim of strong universality in the paper J.Phys. A 44,\n015002, arXiv:1011.3321 is incorrect, as it contradicts known rigorous results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adiabatic dynamics in open quantum critical many-body systems: The purpose of this work is to understand the effect of an external\nenvironment on the adiabatic dynamics of a quantum critical system. By means of\nscaling arguments we derive a general expression for the density of excitations\nproduced in the quench as a function of its velocity and of the temperature of\nthe bath. We corroborate the scaling analysis by explicitly solving the case of\na one-dimensional quantum Ising model coupled to an Ohmic bath.",
        "positive": "Robustness of adiabatic passage trough a quantum phase transition: We analyze the crossing of a quantum critical point based on exact results\nfor the transverse XY model. In dependence of the change rate of the driving\nfield, the evolution of the ground state is studied while the transverse\nmagnetic field is tuned through the critical point with a linear ramping. The\nexcitation probability is obtained exactly and is compared to previous studies\nand to the Landau-Zener formula, a long time solution for non-adiabatic\ntransitions in two-level systems. The exact time dependence of the excitations\ndensity in the system allows to identify the adiabatic and diabatic regions\nduring the sweep and to study the mesoscopic fluctuations of the excitations.\nThe effect of white noise is investigated, where the critical point transmutes\ninto a non-hermitian ``degenerate region''. Besides an overall increase of the\nexcitations during and at the end of the sweep, the most destructive effect of\nthe noise is the decay of the state purity that is enhanced by the passage\nthrough the degenerate region."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Radiative Transport in a Periodic Structure: We derive radiative transport equations for solutions of a Schr\\\"odinger\nequation in a periodic structure with small random inhomogeneities. We use\nsystematically the Wigner transform and the Bloch wave expansion. The streaming\npart of the radiative transport equations is determined entirely by the Bloch\nspectrum, while the scattering part by the random fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of a stochastic cellular automaton with long-range\n  interactions: We introduce a stochastic cellular automaton with power law spatial decaying\nlong-range interactions. In some limit this model reduces to the Domany-Kinzel\ncellular automaton. Monte Carlo and mean field calculations of the phase\ndiagram of the model for different ranges of interactions are compared."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy landscape and phase transitions in the self-gravitating ring\n  model: We apply a recently proposed criterion for the existence of phase\ntransitions, which is based on the properties of the saddles of the energy\nlandscape, to a simplified model of a system with gravitational interactions,\nreferred to as the self-gravitating ring model. We show analytically that the\ncriterion correctly singles out the phase transition between a homogeneous and\na clustered phase and also suggests the presence of another phase transition,\nnot previously known. On the basis of the properties of the energy landscape we\nconjecture on the nature of the latter transition.",
        "positive": "A Mathematical Model for Behavioral Changes by Pair Interactions and Its\n  Relation to Game Theory: A mathematical model for behavioral changes by pair interactions (i.e. due to\ndirect contact) of individuals is developed. Three kinds of pair interactions\ncan be distinguished: Imitative processes, avoidance processes, and\ncompromising processes. Representative solutions of the model for two different\ninteracting subpopulations are illustrated by computational results.\n  The equations of game theory are shown to result for a special case of\nimitative processes. Moreover, a stochastic version of game theory is\nformulated. It allows the derivation of equations for the most probable or the\nexpected distribution of behavioral strategies and of (co)variance equations.\nThe knowledge of the (co)variances is necessary for the calculation of the\nreliability of game theoretical descriptions.\n  The use and application of the introduced equations is illustrated by\nconcrete examples. Especially, computational results for the selforganization\nof social conventions by competition of two equivalent strategies are\npresented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Girsanov reweighting for simulations of underdamped Langevin dynamics.\n  Theory: The critical step in a molecular process is often a rare-event and has to be\nsimulated by an enhanced sampling protocol. Recovering accurate dynamical\nestimates from such biased simulation is challenging. Girsanov reweighting is a\nmethod to reweight dynamic properties formulated as path expected values. The\npath probability is calculated at the time-step resolution of the\nmolecular-dynamics integrator. But the theory is largely limited to overdamped\nLangevin dynamics. For underdamped Langevin dynamics, the absolute continuity\nof the path probability ratio for the biased and unbiased potential is not\nguaranteed, but it depends on the Langevin integrator. We develop a general\napproach to derive the path probability ratio for Langevin integrators and to\nanalyze whether absolute continuity is fulfilled. We demonstrate our approach\non symmetric splitting methods for underdamped Langevin dynamics. For methods\nthat obey absolute continuity, and thus can be used for Girsanov reweighting,\nwe provide an expression for the relative path probability. %",
        "positive": "Exact asymptotics for non-radiative migration-accelerated energy\n  transfer in one-dimensional systems: We study direct energy transfer by multipolar or exchange interactions\nbetween diffusive excited donor and diffusive unexcited acceptors. Extending\nover the case of long-range transfer of an excitation energy a non-perturbative\napproach by Bray and Blythe [Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 150601 (2002)], originally\ndeveloped for contact diffusion-controlled reactions, we determine exactly\nlong-time asymptotics of the donor decay function in one-dimensional systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random Deposition Model with a Constant Capture Length: We introduce a sequential model for the deposition and aggregation of\nparticles in the submonolayer regime. Once a particle has been randomly\ndeposited on the substrate, it sticks to the closest atom or island within a\ndistance \\ell, otherwise it sticks to the deposition site. We study this model\nboth numerically and analytically in one dimension. A clear comprehension of\nits statistical properties is provided, thanks to capture equations and to the\nanalysis of the island-island distance distribution.",
        "positive": "Symmetry Breaking in d-Dimensional Self-gravitating Systems: Systems with long-range interactions, such as self-gravitating clusters and\nmagnetically confined plasmas, do not relax to the usual Boltzmann-Gibbs\nthermodynamic equilibrium, but become trapped in quasi-stationary states (QSS)\nthe life time of which diverges with the number of particles. The QSS are\ncharacterized by the lack of ergodicity which can result in a symmetry broken\nQSS starting from a spherically symmetric particle distribution. We will\npresent a theory which allows us to quantitatively predict the instability\nthreshold for spontaneous symmetry breaking for a class of d-dimensional\nself-gravitating systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster Hybrid Monte Carlo Simulation Algorithms: We show that addition of Metropolis single spin-flips to the Wolff cluster\nflipping Monte Carlo procedure leads to a dramatic {\\bf increase} in\nperformance for the spin-1/2 Ising model. We also show that adding Wolff\ncluster flipping to the Metropolis or heat bath algorithms in systems where\njust cluster flipping is not immediately obvious (such as the spin-3/2 Ising\nmodel) can substantially {\\bf reduce} the statistical errors of the\nsimulations. A further advantage of these methods is that systematic errors\nintroduced by the use of imperfect random number generation may be largely\nhealed by hybridizing single spin-flips with cluster flipping.",
        "positive": "Introduction to Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics with Quantum Field: In this article, we present a concise and self-contained introduction to\nnonequilibrium statistical mechanics with quantum field theory by considering\nan ensemble of interacting identical bosons or fermions as an example. Readers\nare assumed to be familiar with the Matsubara formalism of equilibrium\nstatistical mechanics such as Feynman diagrams, the proper self-energy, and\nDyson's equation. The aims are threefold: (i) to explain the fundamentals of\nnonequilibrium quantum field theory as simple as possible on the basis of the\nknowledge of the equilibrium counterpart; (ii) to elucidate the hierarchy in\ndescribing nonequilibrium systems from Dyson's equation on the Keldysh contour\nto the Navier-Stokes equation in fluid mechanics via quantum transport\nequations and the Boltzmann equation; (iii) to derive an expression of\nnonequilibrium entropy that evolves with time. In stage (i), we introduce\nnonequilibrium Green's function and the self-energy uniquely on the round-trip\nKeldysh contour, thereby avoiding possible confusions that may arise from\ndefining multiple Green's functions at the very beginning. We try to present\nthe Feynman rules for the perturbation expansion as simple as possible. In\nparticular, we focus on the self-consistent perturbation expansion with the\nLuttinger-Ward thermodynamic functional, i.e., Baym's Phi-derivable\napproximation, which has a crucial property for nonequilibrium systems of\nobeying various conservation laws automatically. We also show how the\ntwo-particle correlations can be calculated within the Phi-derivable\napproximation, i.e., an issue of how to handle the\n\"Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvons (BBGKY) hierarchy\"."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement negativity at the critical point of measurement-driven\n  transition: We study the entanglement behavior of a random unitary circuit punctuated by\nprojective measurements at the measurement-driven phase transition in one\nspatial dimension. We numerically study the logarithmic entanglement negativity\nof two disjoint intervals and find that it scales as a power of the\ncross-ratio. We investigate two systems: (1) Clifford circuits with projective\nmeasurements, and (2) Haar random local unitary circuit with projective\nmeasurements. Remarkably, we identify a power-law behavior of entanglement\nnegativity at the critical point. Previous results of entanglement entropy and\nmutual information point to an emergent conformal invariance of the\nmeasurement-driven transition. Our result suggests that the critical behavior\nof the measurement-driven transition is distinct from the ground state behavior\nof any \\emph{unitary} conformal field theory.",
        "positive": "Linear and Nonlinear Experimental Regimes of Stochastic Resonance: We investigate the stochastic resonance phenomenon in a physical system based\non a tunnel diode. The experimental control parameters are set to allow the\ncontrol of the frequency and amplitude of the deterministic modulating signal\nover an interval of values spanning several orders of magnitude. We observe\nboth a regime described by the linear response theory and the nonlinear\ndeviation from it. In the nonlinear regime we detect saturation of the power\nspectral density of the output signal detected at the frequency of the\nmodulating signal and a dip in the noise level of the same spectral density.\nWhen these effects are observed we detect a phase and frequency synchronization\nbetween the stochastic output and the deterministic input."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Hermiticity and Universality: . We study the statistical properties of the eigenvalues of non-Hermitian\noperators assoicated with the dissipative complex systems. By considering the\nGaussian ensembles of such operators, a hierarchical relation between the\ncorrelators is obtained. Further the eigenvalues are found to behave like\nparticles moving on a complex plane under 2-body (inverse square) and 3-body\ninteractions and there seems to underlie a deep connection and universality in\nthe spectral behaviour of different complex systems. .",
        "positive": "Influence of the biquadratic interlayer coupling in the specific heat of\n  Fibonacci magnetic multilayers: A theoretical study of the specific heat C(T) as a function of temperature in\nFibonacci magnetic superlattices is presented. We consider quasiperiodic\nstructures composed of ferromagnetic films, each described by the Heisenberg\nmodel, with biquadratic and bilinear coupling between them. We have taken the\nratios between the biquadratic and bilinear exchange terms according to\nexperimental data recently measured for different regions of their regime.\nAlthough some previous properties of the spin wave specific heat are also\nreproduced here, new features appear in this case, the most important of them\nbeing an interesting broken-symmetry related to the interlayer biquadratic\nterm."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact expression for the diffusion propagator in a family of\n  time-dependent anharmonic potentials: We have obtained the exact expression of the diffusion propagator in the\ntime-dependent anharmonic potential $V(x,t)={1/2}a(t)x^2+b\\ln x$. The\nunderlying Euclidean metric of the problem allows us to obtain analytical\nsolutions for a whole family of the elastic parameter a(t), exploiting the\nrelation between the path integral representation of the short time propagator\nand the modified Bessel functions. We have also analyzed the conditions for the\nappearance of a non-zero flow of particles through the infinite barrier located\nat the origin (b<0).",
        "positive": "Evading Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations via Asymmetric Dynamic\n  Protocols: Many versions of Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations (TUR) have recently been\ndiscovered, which impose lower bounds on relative fluctuations of integrated\ncurrents in irreversible dissipative processes, and suggest that there may be\nfundamental limitations on the precision of small scale machines and heat\nengines. In this work we rigorously demonstrate that TUR can be evaded by using\ndynamic protocols that are asymmetric under time-reversal. We illustrate our\nresults using a model heat engine using two-level systems, and also discuss\nheuristically the fundamental connections between TUR and time-reversal\nsymmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scale-free random branching tree in supercritical phase: We study the size and the lifetime distributions of scale-free random\nbranching tree in which $k$ branches are generated from a node at each time\nstep with probability $q_k\\sim k^{-\\gamma}$. In particular, we focus on\nfinite-size trees in a supercritical phase, where the mean branching number\n$C=\\sum_k k q_k$ is larger than 1. The tree-size distribution $p(s)$ exhibits a\ncrossover behavior when $2 < \\gamma < 3$; A characteristic tree size $s_c$\nexists such that for $s \\ll s_c$, $p(s)\\sim s^{-\\gamma/(\\gamma-1)}$ and for $s\n\\gg s_c$, $p(s)\\sim s^{-3/2}\\exp(-s/s_c)$, where $s_c$ scales as $\\sim\n(C-1)^{-(\\gamma-1)/(\\gamma-2)}$. For $\\gamma > 3$, it follows the conventional\nmean-field solution, $p(s)\\sim s^{-3/2}\\exp(-s/s_c)$ with $s_c\\sim (C-1)^{-2}$.\nThe lifetime distribution is also derived. It behaves as $\\ell(t)\\sim\nt^{-(\\gamma-1)/(\\gamma-2)}$ for $2 < \\gamma < 3$, and $\\sim t^{-2}$ for $\\gamma\n> 3$ when branching step $t \\ll t_c \\sim (C-1)^{-1}$, and $\\ell(t)\\sim\n\\exp(-t/t_c)$ for all $\\gamma > 2$ when $t \\gg t_c$. The analytic solutions are\ncorroborated by numerical results.",
        "positive": "Fisher Waves in the Diffusion-Limited Coalescence Process A+A<-->A: Fisher waves have been studied recently in the specific case of\ndiffusion-limited reversible coalescence, A+A<-->A, on the line. An exact\nanalysis of the particles concentration showed that waves propagate from a\nstable region to an unstable region at constant speed, just as in Fisher's\n\"mean-field\" theory; but also that the wave front fails to retain its initial\nshape and instead it broadens with time. Our present analysis encompasses the\nfull hierarchy of multiple-point density correlation functions, and thus it\nprovides a complete exact description of the same system. We find that as the\nwave propagates, the particles in the stable phase remain distributed exactly\nas in their initial (equilibrium) state. On the other hand, the leading\nparticle---the one at the edge of the wave---advances as a biased random walk,\nrather than simply linearly with time. Thus the shape of the wave remains\nactually constant, but it is the \"noisy\" propagation of the wave's edge that\ncauses its apparent broadening."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Supercooled Water: Dynamics, Structure and Thermodynamics: The anomalous properties of water in the supercooled state are numerous and\nwell-known. Particularly striking are the strong changes in dynamic properties\nthat appear to display divergences at temperatures close to -- but beyond --\nthe lowest temperatures attainable either experimentally or in computer\nsimulations. Recent work on slow or glassy dynamics in water suggests analogies\nwith simple liquids not previously appreciated, and at the same time highlights\nsome aspects that remain peculiar to water. A comparison of the behavior of\nwater with normal liquids, with respect to its dynamic, thermodynamic and\nstructural changes in the supercooled regime is made by analyzing, via computer\nsimulations, the properties of local potential energy minima sampled by water\nin supercooled temperatures and pressures.",
        "positive": "Interpretable Phase Detection and Classification with Persistent\n  Homology: We apply persistent homology to the task of discovering and characterizing\nphase transitions, using lattice spin models from statistical physics for\nworking examples. Persistence images provide a useful representation of the\nhomological data for conducting statistical tasks. To identify the phase\ntransitions, a simple logistic regression on these images is sufficient for the\nmodels we consider, and interpretable order parameters are then read from the\nweights of the regression. Magnetization, frustration and vortex-antivortex\nstructure are identified as relevant features for characterizing phase\ntransitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hierarchy of orientational phases and axial anisotropies in the gauge\n  theoretical description of generalized nematics: The paradigm of spontaneous symmetry breaking encompasses the breaking of the\nrotational symmetries $O(3)$ of isotropic space to a discrete subgroup, i.e. a\nthree-dimensional point group. The subgroups form a rich hierarchy and allow\nfor many different phases of matter with orientational order. Such spontaneous\nsymmetry breaking occurs in nematic liquid crystals and a highlight of such\nanisotropic liquids are the uniaxial and biaxial nematics. Generalizing the\nfamiliar uniaxial and biaxial nematics to phases characterized by an arbitrary\npoint group symmetry, referred to as \\emph{generalized nematics}, leads to a\nlarge hierarchy of phases and possible orientational phase transitions. We\ndiscuss how a particular class of nematic phase transitions related to axial\npoint groups can be efficiently captured within a recently proposed gauge\ntheoretical formulation of generalized nematics [K. Liu, J. Nissinen, R.-J.\nSlager, K. Wu, J. Zaanen, Phys. Rev. X {\\bf 6}, 041025 (2016)]. These\ntransitions can be introduced in the model by considering anisotropic couplings\nthat do not break any additional symmetries. By and large this generalizes the\nwell-known uniaxial-biaxial nematic phase transition to any arbitrary axial\npoint group in three dimensions. We find in particular that the generalized\naxial transitions are distinguished by two types of phase diagrams with\nintermediate vestigial orientational phases and that the window of the\nvestigial phase is intimately related to the amount of symmetry of the defining\npoint group due to inherently growing fluctuations of the order parameter. This\nmight explain the stability of the observed uniaxial-biaxial phases as compared\nto the yet to be observed other possible forms of generalized nematic order\nwith higher point group symmetries.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics of biomolecular condensates via cavity methods: Physical mechanisms of phase separation in living systems can play key\nphysiological roles and have recently been the focus of intensive studies. The\nstrongly heterogeneous and disordered nature of such phenomena in the\nbiological domain poses difficult modeling challenges that require going beyond\nmean field approaches based on postulating a free energy landscape. The\nalternative pathway we take in this work is to tackle the full statistical\nmechanics problem of calculating the partition function in these systems,\nstarting from microscopic interactions, by means of cavity methods. We\nillustrate the procedure first on the simple binary case, and we then apply it\nsuccessfully to ternary systems, in which the naive mean field approximations\nare proved inadequate. We then demonstrate the agreement with lattice model\nsimulations, to finally contrast our theory also with experiments of coacervate\nformation by associative de-mixing of nucleotides and poly-lysine in aqueous\nsolution. In this way, different types of evidence are provided to support\ncavity methods as ideal tools for quantitative modeling of biomolecular\ncondensation, giving an optimal balance between the accurate consideration of\nspatial aspects of the microscopic dynamics and the fast computational results\nrooted in their analytical tractability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Granular Brownian Motors: role of gas anisotropy and inelasticity: We investigate the motion of a wedge-shaped object (a granular Brownian\nmotor), which is restricted to move along the x-axis and cannot rotate, as gas\nparticles collide with it. We show that its steady-state drift, resulting from\ninelastic gas-motor collisions, is dramatically affected by anisotropy in the\nvelocity distribution of the gas. We identify the dimensionless parameter\nproviding the dependence of this drift on shape, masses, inelasticity, and\nanisotropy: the anisotropy leads to a dramatic breaking of equipartition, which\nshould easily be visible in experimental realizations.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic uncertainty relation of interacting oscillators in\n  synchrony: The thermodynamic uncertainty relation sets the minimal bound of the\ncost-precision trade-off relation for dissipative processes. Examining the\ndynamics of an internally coupled system that is driven by a constant\nthermodynamic force, we however find that the trade-off relation of a\nsub-system is not constrained by the minimal bound of conventional uncertainty\nrelation. We made our point explicit by using an exactly solvable model of\ninteracting oscillators. As the number (N) of interacting oscillators\nincreases, the uncertainty bound of individual oscillators is reduced to 2k_B\nT/N upon full synchronization under strong coupling. The cost-precision\ntrade-off for the sub-system is particularly relevant for sub-cellular\nprocesses where collective dynamics emerges from multiple energy-expending\ncomponents interacting with each other."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transitions of Hard Disks in External Periodic Potentials: A Monte\n  Carlo Study: The nature of freezing and melting transitions for a system of hard disks in\na spatially periodic external potential is studied using extensive Monte Carlo\nsimulations. Detailed finite size scaling analysis of various thermodynamic\nquantities like the order parameter, its cumulants etc. are used to map the\nphase diagram of the system for various values of the density and the amplitude\nof the external potential. We find clear indication of a re-entrant liquid\nphase over a significant region of the parameter space. Our simulations\ntherefore show that the system of hard disks behaves in a fashion similar to\ncharge stabilized colloids which are known to undergo an initial freezing,\nfollowed by a re-melting transition as the amplitude of the imposed, modulating\nfield produced by crossed laser beams is steadily increased. Detailed analysis\nof our data shows several features consistent with a recent dislocation\nunbinding theory of laser induced melting.",
        "positive": "Survival of interacting Brownian particles in crowded 1D environment: We investigate a diffusive motion of a system of interacting Brownian\nparticles in quasi-one-dimensional micropores. In particular, we consider a\nsemi-infinite 1D geometry with a partially absorbing boundary and the hard-core\ninter-particle interaction. Due to the absorbing boundary the number of\nparticles in the pore gradually decreases. We present the exact analytical\nsolution of the problem. Our procedure merely requires the knowledge of the\ncorresponding single-particle problem. First, we calculate the simultaneous\nprobability density of having still a definite number $N-k$ of surviving\nparticles at definite coordinates. Focusing on an arbitrary tagged particle, we\nderive the exact probability density of its coordinate. Secondly, we present a\ncomplete probabilistic description of the emerging escape process. The survival\nprobabilities for the individual particles are calculated, the first and the\nsecond moments of the exit times are discussed. Generally speaking, although\nthe original inter-particle interaction possesses a point-like character, it\ninduces entropic repulsive forces which, e.g., push the leftmost (rightmost)\nparticle towards (opposite) the absorbing boundary thereby accelerating\n(decelerating) its escape. More importantly, as compared to the reference\nproblem for the non-interacting particles, the interaction changes the\ndynamical exponents which characterize the long-time asymptotic dynamics.\nInteresting new insights emerge after we interpret our model in terms of a)\ndiffusion of a single particle in a $N$-dimensional space, and b) order\nstatistics defined on a system of $N$ independent, identically distributed\nrandom variables."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of the Zwanzig-Lauritzen model of Polymer Crystallization\n  under Tension: We solve a two dimensional model for polymer chain folding in the presence of\nmechanical pulling force ($f$) exactly using equilibrium statistical mechanics.\nUsing analytically derived expression for the partition function we determine\nthe phase diagram for the model in the $f$-temperature ($T$) plane. A square\nroot singularity in the susceptibility indicates a second order phase\ntransition from a folded to an unfolded state at a critical force ($f_c$) in\nthe thermodynamic limit of infinitely long polymer chain. Surprisingly, the\ntemperature dependence of $f_c$ shows a reentrant phase transition, which is\nreflected in an increase in $f_c$ as $T$ increases below a threshold value. For\na range of $f$ values, the unfolded state is stable at both low and high\ntemperatures. The high temperature unfolded state is stabilized by entropy\nwhereas the low temperature unfolded state is dominated by favorable energy.\nThe exact calculation could serve as a bench mark for testing approximate\ntheories that are used in analyzing single molecule pulling experiments.",
        "positive": "An exactly solvable model of reversible adsorption on a disordered\n  substrate: We consider the reversible adsorption of dimers on a regular lattice, where\nadsorption occurs on a finite fraction of sites selected randomly. By comparing\nthis system to the pure system where all sites are available for adsorption, we\nshow that when the activity goes to infinity, there exists a mapping between\nthis model and the pure system at the same density. By examining the\nsusceptibilities, we demonstrate that there is no mapping at finite activity.\nHowever, when the site density is small or moderate, this mapping exists up to\nsecond order in site density. We also propose and evaluate approximate\napproaches that may be applied to systems where no analytic result is known."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy for relaxation dynamics in granular media: We investigate the role of entropic concepts for the relaxation dynamics in\ngranular systems. In these systems the existence of a geometrical frustration\ninduces a drastic modification of the allowed phase space, which in its turn\ninduces a dynamic behavior characterized by hierarchical relaxation phenomena\nwith several time scales associated. In particular we show how, in the\nframework of a mean-field model introduced for the compaction phenomenon, there\nexists a free-energy-like functional which decreases along the trajectories of\nthe dynamics and which allows to account for the asymptotic behavior: e.g.\ndensity profile, segregation phenomena. Also we are able to perform the\ncontinuous limit of the above mentioned model which turns out to be a diffusive\nlimit. In this framework one can single out two separate physical ingredients:\nthe free-energy-like functional that defines the phase-space and the asymptotic\nstates and a diffusion coefficient $D(\\rho)$ accounting for the velocity of\napproach to the asymptotic stationary states.",
        "positive": "Fractal geometry of Ising magnetic patterns: signatures of criticality\n  and diffusive dynamics: We investigate the geometric properties displayed by the magnetic patterns\ndeveloping on a two-dimensional Ising system, when a diffusive thermal dynamics\nis adopted. Such a dynamics is generated by a random walker which diffuses\nthroughout the sites of the lattice, updating the relevant spins. Since the\nwalker is biased towards borders between clusters, the border-sites are more\nlikely to be updated with respect to a non-diffusive dynamics and therefore, we\nexpect the spin configurations to be affected. In particular, by means of the\nbox-counting technique, we measure the fractal dimension of magnetic patterns\nemerging on the lattice, as the temperature is varied. Interestingly, our\nresults provide a geometric signature of the phase transition and they also\nhighlight some non-trivial, quantitative differences between the behaviors\npertaining to the diffusive and non-diffusive dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal features of the defect-induced damping of lattice vibrations: It is shown that any defect gives an Ohmic contribution to the damping of any\nnormal mode of the crystal lattice with nonzero wavevector which does not\nvanish at zero temperature. This explains the large phason damping observed at\nlow temperatures in incommensurate phases, and might be a key factor to\nunderstand the linear-in-$T$ specific heat observed in a number of real\ndielectrics at low enough temperatures.",
        "positive": "Multiple Exclusion Statistics: the $k$-mers problem: A new distribution for systems of particles obeying statistical exclusion of\ncorrelated states is presented following the Haldane's state counting. It\nrelies upon a conjecture to deal with the multiple exclusion that takes place\nwhen the states available to single particles are spatially correlated and it\ncan be simultaneously excluded by more than one particle. The Haldane's\nstatistics [F. D. M. Haldane, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 937 (1991)] and Wu's\ndistribution [Y.-S. Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 2103 (1984)] are recovered in the\nlimit of non-correlated states (constant statistical exclusion) of the multiple\nexclusion statistics. In addition, the exclusion spectrum function $G(n)$ is\nintroduced to account for the dependence of the statistical exclusion on the\noccupation-number $n$. Results of thermodynamics and state occupation are shown\nfor ideal lattice gases of linear particles of size $k$ ($k$-mers) where\nmultiple exclusion occurs. Remarkable agreement is found with simulations from\n$k=2$ to $10$ where multiple exclusion dominates as $k$ increases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Local and the Occupation Time of a Particle Diffusing in a Random\n  Medium: We consider a particle moving in a one dimensional potential which has a\nsymmetric deterministic part and a quenched random part. We study analytically\nthe probability distributions of the local time (spent by the particle around\nits mean value) and the occupation time (spent above its mean value) within an\nobservation time window of size t. The random part of the potential is same as\nin the Sinai model, i.e., the potential itself is a random walk in space. In\nthe absence of the random potential, these distributions have three typical\nasymptotic behaviors depending on whether the deterministic potential is\nunstable, stable or flat. These asymptotic behaviors are shown to get\ndrastically modified when the random part of the potential is switched on\nleading to the loss of self-averaging and wide sample to sample fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Prethermalization at Low Temperature: the Scent of Long-Range Order: Non-equilibrium time evolution in isolated many-body quantum systems\ngenerally results in thermalization. However, the relaxation process can be\nvery slow, and quasi-stationary non-thermal plateaux are often observed at\nintermediate times. The paradigmatic example is a quantum quench in an\nintegrable model with weak integrability breaking; for a long time, the state\ncan not escape the constraints imposed by the approximate integrability. We\nunveil a new mechanism of prethermalization, based on the presence of a\nsymmetry of the pre-quench Hamiltonian, which is spontaneously broken at zero\ntemperature and is explicitly broken by the post-quench Hamiltonian. The\ntypical time scale of the phenomenon is proportional to the thermal correlation\nlength of the initial state, which diverges as the temperature is lowered. We\nshow that the prethermal quasi-stationary state can be approximated by a mixed\nstate that violates cluster decomposition property. We consider two examples:\nthe transverse-field Ising chain, where the full time evolution is computed\nanalytically, and the (non integrable) ANNNI model, which is investigated\nnumerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Criticality of the magnon-bound-state hierarchy for the quantum Ising\n  chain with the long-range interactions: The quantum Ising chain with the interaction decaying as a power law\n$1/r^{1+\\sigma}$ of the distance between spins $r$ was investigated\nnumerically. A particular attention was paid to the low-energy spectrum,\nnamely, the single-magnon and two-magnon-bound-state masses, $m_{1,2}$,\nrespectively, in the ordered phase. It is anticipated that for each $\\sigma$,\nthe scaled bound-state mass $m_2/m_1$ should take a universal constant\n(critical amplitude ratio) in the vicinity of the critical point. In this\npaper, we calculated the amplitude ratio $m_2/m_1$ with the exact\ndiagonalization method, which yields the spectral information such as $m_{1,2}$\ndirectly. As a result, we found that the scaled mass $m_2/m_1$ exhibits a\nnon-monotonic dependence on $\\sigma$; that is, the bound state is stabilized by\nan intermediate value of $\\sigma$. Such a feature is accordant with a recent\nobservation based on the non-perturbative-renormalization-group method.",
        "positive": "Efficient MPS algorithm for periodic boundary conditions and\n  applications: We present an implementation of an efficient algorithm for the calculation of\nthe spectrum of one-dimensional quantum systems with periodic boundary\nconditions. This algorithm is based on a matrix product representation for\nquantum states (MPS), and a similar representation for Hamiltonians and other\noperators (MPO). It is significantly more efficient for systems of about 100\nsites and more than for small quantum systems. We apply the formalism to\ncalculate the ground state and first excited state of a spin-1 Heisenberg ring\nand deduce the size of the Haldane gap. The results are compared to previous\nhigh-precision DMRG calculations. Furthermore, we study spin-1 systems with a\nbiquadratic nearest-neighbor interaction and show first results of an\napplication to a mesoscopic Hubbard ring of spinless Fermions which carries a\npersistent current."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coherent state path integral and super-symmetry for condensates composed\n  of bosonic and fermionic atoms: A super-symmetric coherent state path integral on the Keldysh time contour is\nconsidered for bosonic and fermionic atoms which interact among each other with\na common short-ranged two-body potential. We investigate the symmetries of\nBose-Einstein condensation for the equivalent bosonic and fermionic\nconstituents and specialize on the examination of super-symmetries for pair\ncondensate terms. A Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation from 'Nambu'-doubled\nsuper-fields leads to a generating function with super-matrices for the\nself-energy whose manifold is given by the ortho-symplectic super-group\nOsp(S,S|2L). Effective equations are derived for anomalous terms which are\nrelated to the molecular- and BCS- condensate pairs. A change of integration\nmeasure for the coset decomposition Osp(S,S|2L)/U(L|S)xU(L|S) is performed,\nincluding a separation of density and anomalous parts of the self-energy with a\ngradient expansion for the Goldstone modes. The independent anomalous fields in\nthe actions can be transformed by the inverse square root of the metric tensor\nof Osp(S,S|2L)/U(L|S) so that the coset integration measure with the\nsuper-Jacobi-determinant can be removed from the coherent state path integral\nand Gaussian-like integrations remain. The variations of the independent coset\nfields in the effective actions result in classical field equations for a\nnonlinear sigma model with the anomalous terms.",
        "positive": "Quantum relaxation after a quench in systems with boundaries: We study the time-dependence of the magnetization profile, m_l(t), of a large\nfinite open quantum Ising chain after a quench. We observe a cyclic variation,\nin which starting with an exponentially decreasing period the local\nmagnetization arrives to a quasi-stationary regime, which is followed by an\nexponentially fast reconstruction period. The non-thermal behavior observed at\nnear-surface sites turns over to thermal behavior for bulk sites. Besides the\nstandard time- and length-scales a non-standard time-scale is identified in the\nreconstruction period."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal thermodynamic bounds on the Fano factor of discriminatory\n  networks with unidirectional transitions: We derive a universal lower bound on the Fano factors of general biochemical\ndiscriminatory networks involving irreversible catalysis steps, based on the\nthermodynamic uncertainty relation, and compare it to a numerically exact\nPareto optimal front. This bound is completely general, involving only the\nreversible entropy production per product formed and the error fraction of the\nsystem. We then show that by judiciously choosing which transitions to include\nin the reversible entropy production, one can derive a family of bounds that\ncan be fine-tuned to include physical observables at hand. Lastly, we test our\nbound by considering three discriminatory schemes: a multi-stage\nMichaelis-Menten network, a Michaelis-Menten network with correlations between\nsubsequent products, and a multi-stage kinetic proofreading network, where for\nthe latter application the bound is altered to include the hydrolytic cost of\nthe proofreading steps. We find that our bound is remarkably tight.",
        "positive": "Generalized thermodynamics of an autonomous micro-engine: We analyze an autonomous micro-engine as a closed quantum mechanical system,\nincluding the work it performs and the fuel it consumes. Our model system shows\nby example that it is possible to transfer energy steadily and spontaneously\nbetween fast and slow degrees of freedom, in analogy to the way combustion\nengines convert chemical energy into work. Having shown this possibility, we\nobserve close analogies between the closed-system quantum dynamics of our\nmicro-engine and the First and Second Law of Thermodynamics. From these\nanalogies we deduce a generalized formulation of thermodynamics that remains\nvalid on the micro-scale."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractal dimension and degree of order in sequential deposition of\n  mixture: We present a number models describing the sequential deposition of a mixture\nof particles whose size distribution is determined by the power-law $p(x) \\sim\n\\alpha x^{\\alpha-1}$, $x\\leq l$ . We explicitly obtain the scaling function in\nthe case of random sequential adsorption (RSA) and show that the pattern\ncreated in the long time limit becomes scale invariant. This pattern can be\ndescribed by an unique exponent, the fractal dimension. In addition, we\nintroduce an external tuning parameter beta to describe the correlated\nsequential deposition of a mixture of particles where the degree of correlation\nis determined by beta, while beta=0 corresponds to random sequential deposition\nof mixture. We show that the fractal dimension of the resulting pattern\nincreases as beta increases and reaches a constant non-zero value in the limit\n$\\beta \\to \\infty$ when the pattern becomes perfectly ordered or non-random\nfractals.",
        "positive": "Hybrid Burnett Equations. A New Method of Stabilizing: In the Chapman & Enskog version of the Burnett equations the two time\nderivatives in the pressure tensor and heat current are replaced by spatial\nderivatives using the equations to zero order in the Knudsen number. Bobylev\nshowed that the resulting conventional Burnett equations are linearly unstable.\nIn this paper it is shown that if the time derivatives are instead kept, the\nequations. A hybrid of the two possibilities is proposed which gives equations\nwhich are shown to be linearly stable. The system contains two parameters. For\nthe simplest choice of parameters the hybrid equations have no third derivative\nof the temperature but the inertia term contains second spatial derivatives.\nFor stationary flow, when terms $Kn^2Ma^2$ can be neglected, the only\ndifference from the conventional Burnett equations is the change of\ncoefficients $\\varpi_{2}\\to \\varpi_{3},\\varpi_{3}\\to \\varpi_{3}.$"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "String-charge duality in integrable lattice models: We derive an explicit mapping between the spectra of conserved local\noperators of integrable quantum lattice models and the density distributions of\ntheir thermodynamic particle content. This is presented explicitly for the\nHeisenberg XXZ spin chain. As an application we discuss a quantum quench\nscenario, in both the gapped and critical regimes. We outline an exact\ntechnique which allows for an efficient implementation on periodic matrix\nproduct states. In addition, for certain simple product states we obtain\nanalytic closed-form expressions in terms of solutions to Hirota functional\nrelations. Remarkably, no reference to a maximal entropy principle is invoked.",
        "positive": "Out of equilibrium phase transitions in mean field Hamiltonian dynamics: Systems with long-range interactions display a short-time relaxation towards\nQuasi-Stationary States (QSSs), whose lifetime increases with system size. With\nreference to the Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model, we here review\nLynden-Bell's theory of ``violent relaxation''. The latter results in a maximum\nentropy scheme for a water-bag initial profile which predicts the presence of\nout-of-equilibrium phase transitions} separating homogeneous (zero\nmagnetization) from inhomogeneous (non-zero magnetization) QSSs. Two different\nparametric representations of the initial condition are analyzed and the\nfeatures of the phase diagram are discussed. In both representations we find a\nsecond order and a first order line of phase transitions that merge at a\ntricritical point. Particular attention is payed to the condition of existence\nand stability of the homogenous phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superaging correlation function and ergodicity breaking for Brownian\n  motion in logarithmic potentials: We consider an overdamped Brownian particle moving in a confining\nasymptotically logarithmic potential, which supports a normalized Boltzmann\nequilibrium density. We derive analytical expressions for the two-time\ncorrelation function and the fluctuations of the time-averaged position of the\nparticle for large but finite times. We characterize the occurrence of aging\nand nonergodic behavior as a function of the depth of the potential, and\nsupport our predictions with extensive Langevin simulations. While the\nBoltzmann measure is used to obtain stationary correlation functions, we show\nhow the non-normalizable infinite covariant density is related to the\nsuper-aging behavior.",
        "positive": "Static and dynamical properties of a supercooled liquid confined in a\n  pore: We present the results of a Molecular Dynamics computer simulation of a\nbinary Lennard-Jones liquid confined in a narrow pore. The surface of the pore\nhas an amorphous structure similar to that of the confined liquid. We find that\nthe static properties of the liquid are not affected by the confinement, while\nthe dynamics changes dramatically. By investigating the time and temperature\ndependence of the intermediate scattering function we show that the dynamics of\nthe particles close to the center of the tube is similar to the one in the\nbulk, whereas the characteristic relaxation time tau_q(T,rho) of the\nintermediate scattering function at wavevector q and distance rho from the axis\nof the pore increases continuously when approaching the wall, leading to an\napparent divergence in the vicinity of the wall. This effect is seen for\nintermediate temperatures down to temperatures close to the glass transition.\nThe rho-dependence of tau_q(T,rho) can be described by an empirical law of the\nform tau_q(T,\\rho)=f_q(T) exp [Delta_q/(rho_p-rho)], where Delta_q and \\rho_q\nare constants, and f_q(T) is the only parameter which shows a significant\ntemperature dependence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Partition Function Zeros of the Wako-Saito-Mu\u00f1oz-Eaton Protein\n  Model: I compute exact partition function zeros of the Wako-Saito-Mu\\~noz-Eaton\nmodel for various secondary structural elements and for two proteins, 1BBL and\n1I6C, using both analytic and numerical methods. Two-state and barrierless\ndownhill folding transitions can be distinguished by a gap in the distribution\nof zeros at the positive real axis.",
        "positive": "Critical behavior of an even offspringed branching and annihilating\n  random walk cellular automaton with spatial disorder: A stochastic cellular automaton exhibiting parity conserving class transition\nhas been investigated in the presence of quenched spatial disorder by large\nscale simulations. Numerical evidence has been found that weak disorder causes\nirrelevant perturbation for the universal behavior of the transition and the\nabsorbing phase of this model. This opens up the possibility for experimental\nobservation of the critical behavior of a nonequilibrium phase transition to\nabsorbing state. For very strong disorder the model breaks up to blocks with\nexponential size distribution and continuously changing critical exponents are\nobserved. For strong disorder the randomly distributed diffusion walls\nintroduce another transition within the inactive phase of the model, in which\nresidual particles survive the extinction. The critical dynamical behavior of\nthis transition has been explored."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A definition of the coupled-product for multivariate\n  coupled-exponentials: The coupled-product and coupled-exponential of the generalized calculus of\nnonextensive statistical mechanics are defined for multivariate functions. The\nnonlinear statistical coupling is indexed such that k_d = k/(1+dk), where d is\nthe dimensions of the argument of the multivariate coupled-exponential. The\ncoupled-Gaussian distribution is defined such that the argument of the\ncoupled-exponential depends on the coupled-moments but not the coupling\nparameter. The multivariate version of the coupled-product is defined such that\nthe output dimensions are the sum of the input dimensions. This enables\nconstruction of the multivariate coupled-Gaussian from univariate\ncoupled-Gaussians. The resulting construction forms a model of coupling between\ndistributions, generalizing the product of independent Gaussians.",
        "positive": "Arctic curves of the $6$V model with partial DWBC and double Aztec\n  rectangles: Previous numerical studies have shown that in the disordered and\nanti-ferroelectric phases the six-vertex ($6$V) model with partial domain wall\nboundary conditions (DWBC) exhibits an arctic curve whose exact shape is\nunknown. The model is defined on a $s\\times n$ square lattice ($s\\leq n$). In\nthis paper, we derive the analytic expression of the arctic curve, for $a=b=1$\nand $c=\\sqrt{2}$ ($\\Delta=0$), while keeping the ratio $s/n \\,\\in [0,1]$ as a\nfree parameter. The computation relies on the tangent method. We also consider\ndomino tilings of double Aztec rectangles and show via the tangent method that,\nfor particular parameters, the arctic curve is identical to that of the $6$V\nmodel with partial DWBC. Our results are confirmed by extensive numerical\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of a model of time-dependent evolutionary dynamics in a\n  rugged fitness landscape: A simplified form of the time dependent evolutionary dynamics of a\nquasispecies model with a rugged fitness landscape is solved via a mapping onto\na random flux model whose asymptotic behavior can be described in terms of a\nrandom walk. The statistics of the number of changes of the dominant genotype\nfrom a finite set of genotypes are exactly obtained confirming existing\nconjectures based on numerics.",
        "positive": "Fluctuations and Landau-Devonshire expansion for barium titanate: The experimentally observed temperature dependence of the quartic\ncoefficients in the Landau-Devonshire expansion for BaTiO_3 is naturally\naccounted for within a proper fluctuation model. It is explained, in\nparticular, why one of the quartic coefficients varies with temperature above\nT_c while the second is constant. The tetragonal phase in BaTiO_3 is argued to\nexist essentially due to the thermal fluctuations, while the true\nLandau-Devonshire expansion with temperature-independent coefficients favours\nthe rhombohedral ferroelectric phase. Certain conclusions concerning the\ntemperature dependence of the sextic Landau-Devonshire coefficients are also\nmade."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Randomly evolving trees I: By introducing the notions of living and dead nodes a new model of random\ntree evolution with continuous time parameter has been constructed. It is\nassumed that two random variables, the lifetime and the offspring number of\nliving nodes control the evolution process. It has been shown that the\ngenerating function of the probability to find the evolving tree in a given\nstate satisfies a non-linear integral equation. Analyzing the time dependence\nof the average number of living nodes three different types of evolution\n(subcritical, critical and supercritical) can be observed. It has been proved\nthat in the case of subcritical evolution there is a well-defined time point at\nwhich the variance of the number of living nodes has a maximum. The joint\ndistribution function of the numbers of living and dead nodes has been derived,\nand the time dependence of the correlation between these node numbers has been\ncalculated. It is found that in the critical evolution with increasing time the\ncorrelation converges to a fixed number which is independent of the\ndistributions of the lifetime and the offspring number of living nodes.",
        "positive": "Aging in a simple glassformer: Using molecular dynamics computer simulations we investigate the\nout-of-equilibrium dynamics of a Lennard-Jones system after a quench from a\nhigh temperature to one below the glass transition temperature. By studying the\nradial distribution function we give evidence that during the aging the system\nis very close to the critical surface of mode-coupling theory. Furthermore we\nshow that two-time correlation functions show a strong dependence on the\nwaiting time since the quench and that their shape is very different from the\none in equilibrium. By investigating the temperature and time dependence of the\nfrequency distribution of the normal modes we show that the energy of the\ninherent structures can be used to define an effective (time dependent)\ntemperature of the aging system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Current operators in Bethe Ansatz and Generalized Hydrodynamics: An\n  exact quantum/classical correspondence: Generalized Hydrodynamics is a recent theory that describes large scale\ntransport properties of one dimensional integrable models. It is built on the\n(typically infinitely many) local conservation laws present in these systems,\nand leads to a generalized Euler type hydrodynamic equation. Despite the\nsuccesses of the theory, one of its cornerstones, namely a conjectured\nexpression for the currents of the conserved charges in local equilibrium has\nnot yet been proven for interacting lattice models. Here we fill this gap, and\ncompute an exact result for the mean values of current operators in Bethe\nAnsatz solvable systems, valid in arbitrary finite volume. Our exact formula\nhas a simple semi-classical interpretation: the currents can be computed by\nsumming over the charge eigenvalues carried by the individual bare particles,\nmultiplied with an effective velocity describing their propagation in the\npresence of the other particles. Remarkably, the semi-classical formula remains\nexact in the interacting quantum theory, for any finite number of particles and\nalso in the thermodynamic limit. Our proof is built on a form factor expansion\nand it is applicable to a large class of quantum integrable models.",
        "positive": "Spin Effects in Quantum Chromodynamics and Recurrence Lattices with\n  Multi-Site Exchanges: In this thesis, we consider some spin effects in QCD and recurrence lattices\nwith multi-site exchanges. Main topic of our manuscript are critical phenomena\nin spin systems defined on the recurrence lattices. Main tool of our approach\nis the method of recursive (hierarchical) lattices. We apply the method of\ndynamical mapping (or recursive lattices) for investigation of magnetic\nproperties of the fluid and solid $^3$He, phase transitions in crystals and\nmacromolecules. First, we analyze the helix-coil phase transition for\npolypeptides and proteins, and describe an quasi unfolding transition (like the\ncold denaturation process) for the degree of helicity (the order parameter for\nmacromolecules). Next we consider the recurrent models of $^3$He defined on the\nsquare, Husimi and hexagon lattices. Using the method of dynamical mapping, the\nmagnetization curves with plateaus, bifurcation point and one period doubling\nare obtained. Then we investigate the model with cubic symmetry defined on the\nBethe lattice and containing both linear and quadratic spin-spin interactions.\nThe magnetization of the system is calculated, and a complex structure of the\nphase transitions between the disordered, partially ordered and completely\nordered states is observed. In the framework of QCD, we consider the azimuthal\nasymmetries in heavy flavor production in the lepton-nucleon deep inelastic\nscattering (DIS). We calculate the azimuthal (or $\\phi$-) dependence of the\nnext-to-leading order heavy-quark-initiated contributions to DIS. It is shown\nthat, contrary to the basic gluon-initiated component, the photon-quark\nscattering mechanism is practically $\\cos2\\phi$-independent. We investigate the\npossibility of measuring both nonperturbative (intrinsic) and perturbative\n(CTEQ, MRST) charm distributions using the $\\cos2\\phi$ asymmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-dimensional spanning webs as (1,2) logarithmic minimal model: A lattice model of critical spanning webs is considered for the finite\ncylinder geometry. Due to the presence of cycles, the model is a generalization\nof the known spanning tree model which belongs to the class of logarithmic\ntheories with central charge $c=-2$. We show that in the scaling limit the\nuniversal part of the partition function for closed boundary conditions at both\nedges of the cylinder coincides with the character of symplectic fermions with\nperiodic boundary conditions and for open boundary at one edge and closed at\nthe other coincides with the character of symplectic fermions with antiperiodic\nboundary conditions.",
        "positive": "Analytical and numerical investigation of escape rate for a noise driven\n  bath: We consider a system-reservoir model where the reservoir is modulated by an\nexternal noise. Both the internal noise of the reservoir and the external noise\nare stationary, Gaussian and are characterized by arbitrary decaying\ncorrelation functions. Based on a relation between the dissipation of the\nsystem and the response function of the reservoir driven by external noise we\nnumerically examine the model using a full bistable potential to show that one\ncan recover the turn-over features of the usual Kramers' dynamics when the\nexternal noise modulates the reservoir rather than the system directly. We\nderive the generalized Kramers' rate for this nonequilibrium open system. The\ntheoretical results are verified by numerical simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantifying Disorder in Point Patterns: Disorder in point patterns can be quantified by means of the complexity,\nrather than in terms of geometric attributes of pattern structure. A\ncomplexity-based disorder-quantifying statistic indicates the practical\ndifficulties associated with modeling processes that produce jammed patterns,\nparticularly with the assessment of model fit and with the simulation of\nhigh-intensity hard-core patterns.",
        "positive": "Towards a quasiphase transition in the single-file chain of water\n  molecules: Simple lattice model: Recently, X.Ma et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 027402 (2017)] have suggested\nthat water molecules encapsulated in (6,5) single-wall carbon nanotube\nexperience a temperature-induced quasiphase transition around 150 K interpreted\nas changes in the water dipoles orientation. We discuss further this\ntemperature-driven quasiphase transition performing quantum chemical\ncalculations and molecular dynamics simulations and, most importantly,\nsuggesting a simple lattice model to reproduce the properties of the\none-dimensionally confined finite arrays of water molecules. The lattice model\ntakes into account not only the short-range and long-range interactions but\nalso the rotations in a narrow tube and the both ingredients provide an\nexplanation for a temperature-driven orientational ordering of the water\nmolecules, which persists within a relatively wide temperature range."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extrapolation methods and Bethe ansatz for the asymmetric exclusion\n  process: The one-dimensional asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP), where $N$\nhard-core particles hop forward with rate $1$ and backward with rate $q<1$, is\nconsidered on a periodic lattice of $L$ site. Using KPZ universality and\nprevious results for the totally asymmetric model $q=0$, precise conjectures\nare formulated for asymptotics at finite density $\\rho=N/L$ of ASEP eigenstates\nclose to the stationary state. The conjectures are checked with high precision\nusing extrapolation methods on finite size Bethe ansatz numerics. For weak\nasymmetry $1-q\\sim1/\\sqrt{L}$, double extrapolation combined with an integer\nrelation algorithm gives an exact expression for the spectral gap up to $10$-th\norder in the asymmetry.",
        "positive": "Explosive condensation in symmetric mass transport models: We study the dynamics of condensation in a misanthrope process with nonlinear\njump rates and factorized stationary states. For large enough density, it is\nknown that such models have a phase separated state, with a non-zero fraction\nof the total mass concentrating in a single lattice site. It has been\nestablished in [B Waclaw and M R Evans, Phys. Rev. Lett., 108(7):070601, 2012]\nfor asymmetric dynamics that such processes exhibit explosive condensation,\nwhere the time to reach the stationary state vanishes with increasing system\nsize. This constitutes a spatially extended version of instantaneous gelation\nwhich has previously been studied only in mean-field coagulation models. We\nshow that this phenomenon also occurs for symmetric dynamics in one dimension\nif the non-linearity is strong enough, and we find a coarsening regime where\nthe time to stationarity diverges with the system size for weak non-linearity.\nIn higher space dimensions explosive condensation is expected to be generic for\nall parameter values. Our results are based on heuristic mean field arguments\nwhich are confirmed by simulation data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structure of wavefunction for interacting bosons in mean-field with\n  random $k$-body interactions: Wavefunction structure is analyzed for dense interacting many-boson systems\nusing Hamiltonian $H$, which is a sum of one-body $h(1)$ and an embedded GOE of\n$k$-body interaction $V(k)$ with strength $\\lambda$. In the first analysis, a\ncomplete analytical description of the variance of the strength function as a\nfunction of $\\lambda$ and $k$ is derived and the marker $\\lambda_t$ defining\nthermalization region is obtained. In the strong coupling limit ($\\lambda >\n\\lambda_t$), the conditional $q$-normal density describes Gaussian to\nsemi-circle transition in strength functions as body rank $k$ of the\ninteraction increases. In the second analysis, this interpolating form of the\nstrength function is utilized to describe the fidelity decay after $k$-body\ninteraction quench and also to obtain the smooth form for the number of\nprincipal components, a measure of chaos in finite interacting many-particle\nsystems. The smooth form very well describes embedded ensemble results for all\n$k$ values.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation for Arbitrary Initial States: The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) describes a trade-off relation\nbetween nonequilibrium currents and entropy production and serves as a\nfundamental principle of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. However, currently\nknown TURs presuppose either specific initial states or an infinite-time\naverage, which severely limits the range of applicability. Here we derive a\nfinite-time TUR valid for arbitrary initial states from the Cram\\'er-Rao\ninequality. We find that the variance of an accumulated current is bounded by\nthe instantaneous current at the final time, which suggests that ``the boundary\nis constrained by the bulk\". We apply our results to feedback-controlled\nprocesses and successfully explain a recent experiment which reports a\nviolation of a modified TUR with feedback control. We also derive a TUR that is\nlinear in the total entropy production and valid for discrete-time Markov\nchains with non-steady initial states. The obtained bound exponentially\nimproves the existing bounds in a discrete-time regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Molecular shape and the energetics of chemisorption: From simple to\n  complex energy landscapes: We enumerate all local minima of the energy landscape for model rigid\nadsorbates characterized by three or four equivalent binding sites (e.g., thiol\ngroups) on a close-packed (111) surface of a face-centered-cubic crystal. We\nshow that the number of energy minima increases linearly with molecular size\nwith a rate of increase that depends on the degree of registry between the\nmolecule shape and the surface structure. The sparseness of energy minima and\nthe large variations in the center-of-mass positions of these minima vs\nmolecular size for molecules that are incommensurate with the surface suggests\na strong coupling in these molecules between surface mobility and shape or size\nfluctuations resulting from molecular vibrations. We also find that the\nvariation in the binding energy with respect to molecular size decreases more\nrapidly with molecular size for molecules with a higher degree of registry with\nthe surface. This indicates that surface adsorption should be better able to\ndistinguish molecules by size if the molecules are incommensurate with the\nsurface.",
        "positive": "Solid-solid phase transition in hard ellipsoids: We present a computer simulation study of the crystalline phases of hard\nellipsoids of revolution. A previous study [Phys. Rev. E, \\textbf{75}, 020402\n(2007)] showed that for aspect ratios $a/b\\ge 3$ the previously suggested\nstretched-fcc phase [Mol. Phys., \\textbf{55}, 1171 (1985)] is unstable with\nrespect to a simple monoclinic phase with two ellipsoids of different\norientations per unit cell (SM2). In order to study the stability of these\ncrystalline phases at different aspect ratios and as a function of density we\nhave calculated their free energies by thermodynamic integration. The\nintegration path was sampled by an expanded ensemble method in which the\nweights were adjusted by the Wang-Landau algorithm.\n  We show that for aspect ratios $a/b\\ge 2.0$ the SM2 structure is more stable\nthan the stretched-fcc structure for all densities above solid-nematic\ncoexistence. Between $a/b=1.55$ and $a/b=2.0$ our calculations reveal a\nsolid-solid phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Persistency in River Flows: The universal fractality of river networks is very well known, however\nunderstanding of the underlying mechanisms for them is still lacking in terms\nof stochastic processes. By introducing probability changing dynamically, we\nhave described the fractal natures of river networks stochastically. The\ndynamical probability depends on the drainage area at a site that is a key\ndynamical quantity of the system, meanwhile the river network is developed by\nthe probability, which induces dynamical persistency in river flows resulting\nin the self-affine property shown in real river basins, although the process is\na Markovian process with short-term memory.",
        "positive": "High-Activity Expansion for the Columnar Phase of the Hard Rectangle Gas: We study a system of monodispersed hard rectangles of size $m \\times d$,\nwhere $d\\geq m$ on a two dimensional square lattice. For large enough aspect\nratio, the system is known to undergo three entropy driven phase transitions\nwith increasing activity $z$: first from disordered to nematic, second from\nnematic to columnar and third from columnar to sublattice phases. We study the\nnematic-columnar transition by developing a high-activity expansion in integer\npowers of $z^{-1/d}$ for the columnar phase in a model where the rectangles are\nallowed to orient only in one direction. By deriving the exact expression for\nthe first $d+2$ terms in the expansion, we obtain lower bounds for the critical\ndensity and activity. For $m$, $k\\gg 1$, these bounds decrease with increasing\n$k$ and decreasing $m$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A phenomenological theory of nonphotochemical laser induced nucleation: Our analysis of the experimental data related to nonphotochemical laser\ninduced nucleation in solutions leads to the inevitable conclusion that the\nphase transformation is initiated by particles that are metallic in nature.\nThis conclusion appears paradoxical because the final products are dielectric\ncrystals. We show that the experimental results are well accounted for by the\ntheory of electric field induced nucleation of metallic particles that are\nelongated in the direction of the field. However, new physical and chemical\ninsights are required to understand the structure of the metallic precursor\nparticles and the kinetics of subsequent dielectric crystallization.",
        "positive": "Universal bounds on fluctuations for machines with broken time-reversal\n  symmetry: For a generic class of machines with broken time-reversal symmetry we show\nthat in the linear response regime the relative fluctuation of the sum of\noutput currents for time-forward and time-reversed processes is always lower\nbounded by the corresponding relative fluctuation of the sum of input currents.\nThis bound is received when the same operating condition, for example, engine,\nrefrigerator or pump, is imposed in both the forward and the reversed\nprocesses. As a consequence, universal upper and lower bounds for the ratio of\nfluctuations between the output and the input current is obtained. Furthermore,\nwe establish an important connection between our results and the recently\nobtained generalized thermodynamic uncertainty relation for time-reversal\nsymmetry broken systems. We illustrate these findings for two different types\nof machines: (i) a steady-state three-terminal quantum thermoelectric setup in\npresence of an external magnetic field, and (ii) a periodically driven\nclassical Brownian heat engine."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Compensation in the spin-1/2 site diluted Ising ferrimagnet: A Monte\n  Carlo study: A two-dimensional spin-1/2 trilayer magnetic system with quenched\nnon-magnetic impurity is studied. The lattice is formed by alternate layers of\ntwo different theoretical atoms A and B arranged in a particular fashion A-B-A.\nThe compensation point appears below the critical temperature, for which total\nmagnetization of the system becomes zero even though the sublattice\nmagnetization has a nonzero value. For a range of values of the relative\ninteraction strength in the Hamiltonian, a compensation point is observed. We\nconsidered the Ising mechanics and employed the Monte Carlo method to determine\nthe compensation point and critical temperature of the system. However, the\neffects of impurity in such systems are still not well studied. With that in\nmind, we address the effects of random non-magnetic impurity in the trilayer\nsystem. We also investigate the lattice morphologies in the presence of\ncompensation and dilution and finally obtain the three-dimensional phase\ndiagram for selected Hamiltonian parameters and impurity concentration.",
        "positive": "Entropy Production in Open Systems: The Predominant Role of\n  Intra-Environment Correlations: We show that the entropy production in small open systems coupled to\nenvironments made of extended baths is predominantly caused by the displacement\nof the environment from equilibrium rather than, as often assumed, the mutual\ninformation between the system and the environment. The latter contribution is\nstrongly bounded from above by the Araki-Lieb inequality, and therefore is not\ntime-extensive, in contrast to the entropy production itself. We confirm our\nresults with exact numerical calculations of the system-environment dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bond-site duality and phase transition nature of explosive percolations\n  on a two-dimensional lattice: To establish the bond-site duality of explosive percolations in 2 dimension,\nthe site and bond explosive percolation models are carefully defined on a\nsquare lattice. By studying the cluster distribution function and the behavior\nof the second largest cluster, it is shown that the duality in which the\ntransition is discontinuous exists for the pairs of the site model and the\ncorresponding bond model which relatively enhances the intra-bond occupation.\nIn contrast the intra-bond-suppressed models which have no corresponding site\nmodels undergo the continuous transition and satisfy the normal scaling ansatz\nas ordinary percolation.",
        "positive": "Anomalous diffusion in disordered media and random quantum spin chains: Using exact expressions for the persistence probability and for the leading\neigenvalue of the Focker-Planck operator of a random walk in a random\nenvironment we establish a fundamental relation between the statistical\nproperties of anomalous diffusion and the critical and off-critical behavior of\nrandom quantum spin chains. Many new exact results are obtained from this\ncorrespondence including the space and time correlations of surviving random\nwalks and the distribution of the gaps of the corresponding Focker-Planck\noperator. In turn we derive analytically the dynamical exponent of the random\ntransverse-field Ising spin chain in the Griffiths-McCoy region."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Confinement and lack of thermalization after quenches in the bosonic\n  Schwinger model: We excite the vacuum of a relativistic theory of bosons coupled to a $U(1)$\ngauge field in 1+1 dimensions (bosonic Schwinger model) out of equilibrium by\ncreating a spatially separated particle-antiparticle pair connected by a string\nof electric field. During the evolution, we observe a strong confinement of\nbosons witnessed by the bending of their light cone, reminiscent of what has\nbeen observed for the Ising model [Nat. Phys. 13, 246 (2017)]. As a\nconsequence, for the time scales we are able to simulate, the system evades\nthermalization and generates exotic asymptotic states. These states are made of\ntwo disjoint regions, an external deconfined region that seems to thermalize,\nand an inner core that reveals an area-law saturation of the entanglement\nentropy.",
        "positive": "Exact combinatorial approach to finite coagulating systems through\n  recursive equations: This work outlines an exact combinatorial approach to finite coagulating\nsystems through recursive equations and use of generating function method. In\nthe classic approach the mean-field Smoluchowski coagulation is used. However,\nthe assumptions of the mean-field theory are rarely met in real systems which\nlimits the accuracy of the solution. In our approach, cluster sizes and time\nare discrete, and the binary aggregation alone governs the time evolution of\nthe systems. By considering the growth histories of all possible clusters and\napplying monodisperse initial conditions, the exact expression for the\nprobability of finding a coagulating system with an arbitrary kernel in a given\ncluster configuration is derived. Then, the average number of such clusters and\nthe standard deviation of these solutions can be calculated. In this work,\nrecursive equations for all possible growth histories of clusters are\nintroduced. The correctness of our expressions was proved based on the\ncomparison with numerical results obtained for systems with constant,\nmultiplicative and additive kernels. For the first time the exact solutions for\nthe multiplicative and additive kernels were obtained with this framework. In\naddition, our results were compared with the results arising from the solutions\nto the mean-field Smoluchowski equation. Our theoretical predictions outperform\nthe classic approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Topological Non-connectivity Threshold in quantum long-range\n  interacting spin systems: Quantum characteristics of the Topological Non-connectivity Threshold (TNT),\nintroduced in F.Borgonovi, G.L.Celardo, M.Maianti, E.Pedersoli, J. Stat. Phys.,\n116, 516 (2004), have been analyzed in the hard quantum regime. New interesting\nperspectives in term of the possibility to study the intriguing\nquantum-classical transition through Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling have been\naddressed.",
        "positive": "Calculating the free energy difference by applying the Jarzynski\n  equality to a virtual integrable system: The Jarzynski equality (JE) provides a nonequilibrium method to measure and\ncalculate the free energy difference (FED). Note that if two systems share the\nsame Hamiltonian at two equilibrium states, respectively, they share the same\nFED between these two equilibrium states as well. Therefore the calculation of\nthe FED of a system may be facilitated by considering instead another virtual\nsystem designed to this end. Taking advantage of this flexibility and the JE,\nwe show that by introducing an integrable virtual system, the evolution problem\ninvolved in the JE can be solved. As a consequence, FED is expressed in the\nform of an equilibrium equality, in contrast with the nonequilibrium JE it is\nbased on. Numerically, this result allows FED to be computed by sampling the\ncanonical ensemble directly and the computational cost can be significantly\nreduced. The effectiveness and efficiency of this scheme are illustrated with\nnumerical studies of several representative model systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slider-Block Friction Model for Landslides: Application to Vaiont and La\n  Clapiere Landslides: Accelerating displacements preceding some catastrophic landslides have been\nfound empirically to follow a time-to-failure power law, corresponding to a\nfinite-time singularity of the velocity $v \\sim 1/(t_c-t)$ [{\\it Voight},\n1988]. Here, we provide a physical basis for this phenomenological law based on\na slider-block model using a state and velocity dependent friction law\nestablished in the laboratory and used to model earthquake friction. This\nphysical model accounts for and generalizes Voight's observation: depending on\nthe ratio $B/A$ of two parameters of the rate and state friction law and on the\ninitial frictional state of the sliding surfaces characterized by a reduced\nparameter $x_i$, four possible regimes are found. Two regimes can account for\nan acceleration of the displacement. We use the slider-block friction model to\nanalyze quantitatively the displacement and velocity data preceding two\nlandslides, Vaiont and La Clapi\\`ere. The Vaiont landslide was the catastrophic\nculmination of an accelerated slope velocity. La Clapi\\`ere landslide was\ncharacterized by a peak of slope acceleration that followed decades of ongoing\naccelerating displacements, succeeded by a restabilizing phase. Our inversion\nof the slider-block model on these data sets shows good fits and suggest to\nclassify the Vaiont (respectively La Clapi\\`ere) landslide as belonging to the\nvelocity weakening unstable (respectively strengthening stable) sliding regime.",
        "positive": "Structure of the optimal path to a fluctuation: Macroscopic fluctuations have become an essential tool to understand physics\nfar from equilibrium due to the link between their statistics and\nnonequilibrium ensembles. The optimal path leading to a fluctuation encodes key\ninformation on this problem, shedding light on e.g. the physics behind the\nenhanced probability of rare events out of equilibrium, the possibility of\ndynamic phase transitions and new symmetries. This makes the understanding of\nthe properties of these optimal paths a central issue. Here we derive a\nfundamental relation which strongly constraints the architecture of these\noptimal paths for general $d$-dimensional nonequilibrium diffusive systems, and\nimplies a non-trivial structure for the dominant current vector fields.\nInterestingly, this general relation (which encompasses and explains previous\nresults) makes manifest the spatio-temporal non-locality of the current\nstatistics and the associated optimal trajectories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase behaviour and particle-size cutoff effects in polydisperse fluids: We report a joint simulation and theoretical study of the liquid-vapor phase\nbehaviour of a fluid in which polydispersity in the particle size couples to\nthe strength of the interparticle interactions. Attention is focussed on the\ncase in which the particles diameters are distributed according to a fixed\nSchulz form with degree of polydispersity $\\delta=14%$. The coexistence\nproperties of this model are studied using grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo\nsimulations and moment free energy calculations. We obtain the cloud and shadow\ncurves as well as the daughter phase density distributions and fractional\nvolumes along selected isothermal dilution lines. In contrast to the case of\nsize-{\\em independent} interaction strengths (N.B. Wilding, M. Fasolo and P.\nSollich, J. Chem. Phys. {\\bf 121}, 6887 (2004)), the cloud and shadow curves\nare found to be well separated, with the critical point lying significantly\nbelow the cloud curve maximum. For densities below the critical value, we\nobserve that the phase behaviour is highly sensitive to the choice of upper\ncutoff on the particle size distribution. We elucidate the origins of this\neffect in terms of extremely pronounced fractionation effects and discuss the\nlikely appearance of new phases in the limit of very large values of the\ncutoff.",
        "positive": "Wavelength selection of rippling patterns in myxobacteria: Rippling patterns of myxobacteria appear in starving colonies before they\naggregate to form fruiting bodies. These periodic traveling cell density waves\narise from the coordination of individual cell reversals, resulting from an\ninternal clock regulating them, and from contact signaling during bacterial\ncollisions. Here we revisit a mathematical model of rippling in myxobacteria\ndue to Igoshin et al.\\ [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA {\\bf 98}, 14913 (2001) and\nPhys. Rev. E {\\bf 70}, 041911 (2004)]. Bacteria in this model are phase\noscillators with an extra internal phase through which they are coupled to a\nmean-field of oppositely moving bacteria. Previously, patterns for this model\nwere obtained only by numerical methods and it was not possible to find their\nwavenumber analytically. We derive an evolution equation for the reversal point\ndensity that selects the pattern wavenumber in the weak signaling limit, show\nthe validity of the selection rule by solving numerically the model equations\nand describe other stable patterns in the strong signaling limit. The nonlocal\nmean-field coupling tends to decohere and confine patterns. Under appropriate\ncircumstances, it can annihilate the patterns leaving a constant density state\nvia a nonequilibrium phase transition reminiscent of destruction of\nsynchronization in the Kuramoto model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the problem of van der Waals forces in dielectric media: A short review of the problems which arise in the generalization of the\nLifshitz theory of van der Waals force in the case of forces inside dielectric\nmedia is presented, together with some historical remarks. General properties\nof the stress tensor of equilibrium electromagnetic field in media are\ndiscussed, and the importance of the conditions of mechanical equilibrium is\nstressed. The physical meaning of the repulsive van der Waals interaction\nbetween bodies immersed in a liquid is discussed.",
        "positive": "Dynamical supersymmetry on the XXX spin chain: We show the XXX model has the N = 2 dynamical supersymmetry. Using the\nsupercharges defined by the Jordan-Wigner fermions, it was found that the\nanti-commutation relation of the supercharges gives the Hamiltonian of the XXX\nmodel with magnetic field. In order to compare the length-change supercharges\nwith the conventional ones, we interpreted their actions in the spinon basis.\nIn the last part of this paper, we propose the application of the dynamical\nsupersymmetry to the models with magnetic impurities through the Bethe-ansatz\nanalysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pico-canonical ensembles: A theoretical description of metastable states: We define restricted ensembles, called pico-canonical ensembles, for a\nstatistical-mechanical description of the metastable and glassy phases. In this\napproach, time-evolution is Markovian, with temperature dependent rates. Below\na particular glass-temperature, the system is strongly non-ergodic, and the\nphase space breaks up into a large number of mutually disconnected sectors.\nAverages are calculated over states within one such sector, and then averaged\nover sectors. As a soluble example, we calculate these explicitly for a one\ndimensional lattice gas with nearest neighbor couplings.",
        "positive": "Noether's second theorem and covariant field theory of mechanical\n  stresses in inhomogeneous ionic liquids: In this paper, we present a covariant approach that utilizes Noether's second\ntheorem to derive a symmetric stress tensor from the grand thermodynamic\npotential functional. We focus on the practical case where the density of the\ngrand thermodynamic potential is dependent on the first and second coordinate\nderivatives of the scalar order parameters. Our approach is applied to several\nmodels of inhomogeneous ionic liquids that consider electrostatic correlations\nof ions or short-range correlations related to packing effects. Specifically,\nwe derive analytical expressions for the symmetric stress tensors of the\nCahn-Hilliard-like model, Bazant-Storey-Kornyshev model, and\nMaggs-Podgornik-Blossey model. All of these expressions are found to be\nconsistent with respective self-consistent field equations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of work performed by optical tweezers with general\n  time-variation of their stiffness: We derive an exact expression for the probability density of work done on a\nparticle that diffuses in a parabolic potential with a stiffness varying by an\narbitrary piecewise constant protocol. Based on this result, the work\ndistribution for time-continuous protocols of the stiffness can be determined\nup to any degree of accuracy. This is achieved by replacing the continuous\ndriving by a piecewise constant one with a number $n$ of positive or negative\nsteps of increasing or decreasing stiffness. With increasing $n$, the work\ndistributions for the piecewise protocols approach that for the continuous\nprotocol. The moment generating function of the work is given by the inverse\nsquare root of a polynomial of degree $n$, whose coefficients are efficiently\ncalculated from a recurrence relation. The roots of the polynomials are real\nand positive (negative) steps of the protocol are associated with negative\n(positive) roots. Using these properties the inverse Laplace transform of the\nmoment generating function is carried out explicitly. Fluctuation theorems are\nused to derive further properties of the polynomials and their roots.",
        "positive": "Scaling characteristics of fractional diffusion processes in the\n  presence of power-law distributed random noise: We present results of the numerical simulations and the scaling\ncharacteristics of one-dimensional random fluctuations with heavy tailed\nprobability distribution functions. Assuming that the distribution function of\nthe random fluctuations obeys L\\'evy statistics with a power-law scaling\nexponent, we investigate the fractional diffusion equation in the presence of\n$\\mu$-stable L\\'evy noise. e study the scaling properties of the global width\nand two point correlation functions, we then compare the analytical and\nnumerical results for the growth exponent $\\beta$ and the roughness exponent\n$\\alpha$. We also investigate the fractional Fokker-Planck equation for\nheavy-tailed random fluctuations. We show that the fractional diffusion\nprocesses in the presence of $\\mu$-stable L\\'evy noise display special scaling\nproperties in the probability distribution function (PDF). Finally, we study\nnumerically the scaling properties of the heavy-tailed random fluctuations by\nusing the diffusion entropy analysis. This method is based on the evaluation of\nthe Shannon entropy of the PDF generated by the random fluctuations, rather\nthan on the measurement of the global width of the process. We apply the\ndiffusion entropy analysis to extract the growth exponent $\\beta$ and to\nconfirm the validity of our numerical analysis. The proposed fractional\nlangevin equation can be used for modeling, analysis and characterization of\nexperimental data, such as solar flare fluctuations, turbulent heat flow and\netc."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large fluctuations of the KPZ equation in a half-space: We investigate the short-time regime of the KPZ equation in $1+1$ dimensions\nand develop a unifying method to obtain the height distribution in this regime,\nvalid whenever an exact solution exists in the form of a Fredholm Pfaffian or\ndeterminant. These include the droplet and stationary initial conditions in\nfull space, previously obtained by a different method. The novel results\nconcern the droplet initial condition in a half space for several Neumann\nboundary conditions: hard wall, symmetric, and critical. In all cases, the\nheight probability distribution takes the large deviation form $P(H,t) \\sim\n\\exp( - \\Phi(H)/\\sqrt{t})$ for small time. We obtain the rate function\n$\\Phi(H)$ analytically for the above cases. It has a Gaussian form in the\ncenter with asymmetric tails, $|H|^{5/2}$ on the negative side, and $H^{3/2}$\non the positive side. The amplitude of the left tail for the half-space is\nfound to be half the one of the full space. As in the full space case, we find\nthat these left tails remain valid at all times. In addition, we present here\n(i) a new Fredholm Pfaffian formula for the solution of the hard wall boundary\ncondition and (ii) two Fredholm determinant representations for the solutions\nof the hard wall and the symmetric boundary respectively.",
        "positive": "On the non-integrability of three dimensional Ising model: It is well known that the partition function of two-dimensional Ising model\ncan be expressed as a Grassmann integral over the action bilinear in Grassmann\nvariables. The key aspect of the proof of this equivalence is to show that all\npolygons, appearing in Grassmann integration, enter with fixed sign. For\nthree-dimensional model, the partition function can also be expressed by\nGrassmann integral. However, the action resulting from low-temperature\nexpansion contains quartic terms, which does not allow explicit computation of\nthe integral. We wanted to check - apparently not explored - the possibility\nthat using the high-temperature expansion would result in action with only\nbilinear terms. (in two dimensions, low-T and high-T expansions are equivalent,\nbut in three dimensions, they differ.) It turned out, however that polygons\nobtained by Grassman integration are not of fixed sign for any ordering of\nGrassmann variables on sites. This way, it is not possible to express the\npartition function of three-dimensional Ising model as a Grassman integral over\nbilinear action."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Do extremists impose the structure of social networks?: The structure and the properties of complex networks essentially depend on\nthe way how nodes get connected to each other. We assume here that each node\nhas a feature which attracts the others. We model the situation by assigning\ntwo numbers to each node, \\omega and \\alpha, where \\omega indicates some\nproperty of the node and \\alpha the affinity towards that property. A node A is\nmore likely to establish a connection with a node B if B has a high value of\n\\omega and A has a high value of \\alpha. Simple computer simulations show that\nnetworks built according to this principle have a degree distribution with a\npower law tail, whose exponent is determined only by the nodes with the largest\nvalue of the affinity \\alpha (the \"extremists\"). This means that the extremists\nlead the formation process of the network and manage to shape the final\ntopology of the system. The latter phenomenon may have implications in the\nstudy of social networks and in epidemiology.",
        "positive": "Swarming in disordered environments: The emergence of collective motion, also known as flocking or swarming, in\ngroups of moving individuals who orient themselves using only information from\ntheir neighbors is a very general phenomenon that is manifested at multiple\nspatial and temporal scales. Swarms that occur in natural environments\ntypically have to contend with spatial disorder such as obstacles that hinder\nan individual's motion or communication with neighbors. We study swarming\nparticles, with both aligning and repulsive interactions, on percolated\nnetworks where topological disorder is modeled by the random removal of lattice\nbonds. We find that an infinitesimal amount of disorder can completely suppress\nswarming for particles that utilize only alignment interactions suggesting that\nalignment alone is insufficient. The addition of repulsive forces between\nparticles produces a critical phase transition from a collectively moving swarm\nto a disordered gas-like state. This novel phase transition is entirely driven\nby the amount of topological disorder in the particles environment and displays\ncritical features that are similar to those of 2D percolation, while occurring\nat a value of disorder that is far from the percolation critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply on \"Lifshitz-point critical behaviour to $O(\u03b5_L^2)$\": We reply to a recent comment by H. W. Diehl and M. Shpot (cond-mat/0106502)\ncriticizing our paper J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 34 (2001) L327-332. We show that\nthe approximation we use for evaluating higher-loop integrals is consistent\nwith homogeneity. A new renormalization group approach is presented in order to\ncompare the two methods with high-precision numerical data concerning the\nuniaxial case. We stress that the isotropic behaviour cannot be obtained from\nthe anisotropic one.",
        "positive": "Stability of the homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate at large gas\n  parameter: The properties of the uniform Bose gas is studied within the optimized\nvariational perturbation theory (Gaussian approximation) in a self-consistent\nway. It is shown that the atomic BEC with a repulsive interaction becomes\nunstable when the gas parameter gamma=rho a^3 exceeds a critical value\ngamma_{crit} ~ 0.01. The quantum corrections beyond the Bogoliubov-Popov\napproximation to the energy density, chemical potential and pressure in powers\nof gamma expansions are presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On supercorrelated systems and phase space entrainment: It is demonstrated that power-laws which are modified by logarithmic\ncorrections arise in supercorrelated systems. Their characteristic feature is\nthe energy attributed to a state (or value of a general cost function) which\ndepends nonlinearly on the phase space distribution of the constituents. A\nonedimensional dissipative deterministic model is introduced which is attracted\nto a supercorrelated state (phase space entrainment). Extensions of this\nparticular model may have applications in the study of transport and\nequilibration phenomena, particularly for supply and information networks, or\nfor chemical and biological nonequilibrium systems, while the qualitative\narguments presented here are believed to be of more general interest.",
        "positive": "Are there long-time tails in granular flows?: The long-time behaviors of the velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) for\ngranular flows based on the optimal velocity fluid model are investigated\ntheoretically. It is found the long-time tail of VACF disappears in a granular\nflow under the gravity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic thermodynamics of an electron-spin-resonance quantum dot\n  system: We present a stochastic thermodynamics analysis of an electron-spin-resonance\npumped quantum dot device in the Coulomb-blocked regime, where a pure spin\ncurrent is generated without an accompanying net charge current. Based on a\ngeneralized quantum master equation beyond secular approximation, quantum\ncoherences are accounted for in terms of an effective average spin in the\nFloquet basis. Elegantly, this effective spin undergoes a precession about an\neffective magnetic field, which originates from the non-secular treatment and\nenergy renormalization. It is shown that the interaction between effective spin\nand effective magnetic field may have the dominant roles to play in both energy\ntransport and irreversible entropy production. In the stationary limit, the\nenergy and entropy balance relations are also established based on the theory\nof counting statistics.",
        "positive": "Bose-Einstein Condensation in the Framework of $\u03ba$-Statistics: In the present work we study the main physical properties of a gas of\n$\\kappa$-deformed bosons described through the statistical distribution\nfunction $f_\\kappa=Z^{-1}[\\exp_\\kappa (\\beta({1/2}m v^2-\\mu))-1]^{-1}$. The\ndeformed $\\kappa$-exponential $\\exp_\\kappa(x)$, recently proposed in Ref.\n[G.Kaniadakis, Physica A {\\bf 296}, 405, (2001)], reduces to the standard\nexponential as the deformation parameter $\\kappa \\to 0$, so that $f_0$\nreproduces the Bose-Einstein distribution. The condensation temperature\n$T_c^\\kappa$ of this gas decreases with increasing $\\kappa$ value, and\napproaches the $^{4}He(I)-^{4}He(II)$ transition temperature\n$T_{\\lambda}=2.17K$, improving the result obtained in the standard case\n($\\kappa=0$). The heat capacity $C_V^\\kappa(T)$ is a continuous function and\nbehaves as $B_\\kappa T^{3/2}$ for $T<T_c^\\kappa$, while for $T>T_c^\\kappa$, in\ncontrast with the standard case $\\kappa=0$, it is always increasing.\n  Pacs: 05.30.Jp, 05.70.-a Keywords: Generalized entropy; Boson gas; Phase\ntransition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Injected Power Fluctuations in 1D Dissipative Systems: Using fermionic techniques, we compute exactly the large deviation function\n(ldf) of the time-integrated injected power in several one-dimensional\ndissipative systems of classical spins. The dynamics are T=0 Glauber dynamics\nsupplemented by an injection mechanism, which is taken as a Poissonian flipping\nof one particular spin. We discuss the physical content of the results,\nspecifically the influence of the rate of the Poisson process on the properties\nof the ldf.",
        "positive": "Comment II on J.M. Salazar and L. Brenig's article: ``Computer\n  Simulations and Kinetic Theory of an Inelastic Granular Gas'': In two recent articles Salazar and Brenig question the validity of kinetic\ntheory for granular gases and fluids, on the based of a supposedly exact\nhierarchy of coupled equations for the velocity moments, which the authors\nderive from the BBGKY-hierarchy. Their derivation contains several errors,\nwhich are exposed. Moreover, they support their findings with results from\ndirect monte carlo simulation (DSMC) of the Boltzmann equation, which\nsupposedly show that Haff's homogeneous cooling law only holds for times\nshorter than one mean free time. However, their DSMC results have no physical\nsignificance as they are carried out at a density, twice close packing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adiabatic dynamics of an inhomogeneous quantum phase transition: the\n  case of z > 1 dynamical exponent: We consider an inhomogeneous quantum phase transition across a multicritical\npoint of the XY quantum spin chain. This is an example of a Lifshitz transition\nwith a dynamical exponent z = 2. Just like in the case z = 1 considered in New\nJ. Phys. 12, 055007 (2010) when a critical front propagates much faster than\nthe maximal group velocity of quasiparticles vq, then the transition is\neffectively homogeneous: density of excitations obeys a generalized\nKibble-Zurek mechanism and scales with the sixth root of the transition rate.\nHowever, unlike for z = 1, the inhomogeneous transition becomes adiabatic not\nbelow vq but a lower threshold velocity v', proportional to inhomogeneity of\nthe transition, where the excitations are suppressed exponentially.\nInterestingly, the adiabatic threshold v' is nonzero despite vanishing minimal\ngroup velocity of low energy quasiparticles. In the adiabatic regime below v'\nthe inhomogeneous transition can be used for efficient adiabatic quantum state\npreparation in a quantum simulator: the time required for the critical front to\nsweep across a chain of N spins adiabatically is merely linear in N, while the\ncorresponding time for a homogeneous transition across the multicritical point\nscales with the sixth power of N. What is more, excitations after the adiabatic\ninhomogeneous transition, if any, are brushed away by the critical front to the\nend of the spin chain.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Representation of Non-Markovian Fermionic Quantum Dissipation: Quantum Brownian motion plays a fundamental role in many areas of modern\nphysics. In the path-integral formulation, the environmental quantum\nfluctuations driving the system dynamics can be characterized by auxiliary\nstochastic fields. For fermion bath environment the stochastic fields are\nGrassmann-valued, and cannot be represented by conventional classical numbers.\nIn this Letter, we propose a strategy to map the nonclassical Grassmann fields\nonto Gaussian white noises along with a set of quantized pseudo-states. This\nresults in a numerically feasible stochastic equation of motion (SEOM) method\nfor fermionic open systems. The SEOM yields exact physical observables for\nnoninteracting systems, and accurate approximate results for interacting\nsystems. The practicality and accuracy of the proposed SEOM are exemplified by\ndirect stochastic simulations conducted on a single-impurity Anderson model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalization of Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem to Systems with\n  Absorbing States: Systems that evolve towards a state from which they cannot depart are common\nin nature. But the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, a fundamental result in\nstatistical mechanics, is mainly restricted to systems near-stationarity. In\nprocesses with absorbing states, the total probability decays with time,\neventually reaching zero and rendering the predictions from the standard\nresponse theory invalid. In this article, we investigate how such processes\nrespond to external perturbations and develop a new theory that extends the\nframework of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. We apply our theory to two\nparadigmatic examples that span vastly different fields - a birth-death process\nin forest ecosystems and a targeted search on DNA by proteins. These systems\ncan be affected by perturbations which increase their rate of\nextinction/absorption, even though the average or the variance of population\nsizes are left unmodified. These effects, which are not captured by the\nstandard response theory, are exactly predicted by our framework. Our\ntheoretical approach is general and applicable to any system with absorbing\nstates. It can unveil important features of the path to extinction masked by\nstandard approaches.",
        "positive": "Exact formula for currents in strongly pumped diffusive systems: We analyze a generic model of mesoscopic machines driven by the nonadiabatic\nvariation of external parameters. We derive a formula for the probability\ncurrent; as a consequence we obtain a no-pumping theorem for cyclic processes\nsatisfying detailed balance and demonstrate that the rectification of current\nrequires broken spatial symmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Finite-Size-Scaling Corrections to the Critical Two-Dimensional\n  Ising Model on a Torus: We analyze the finite-size corrections to the energy and specific heat of the\ncritical two-dimensional spin-1/2 Ising model on a torus. We extend the\nanalysis of Ferdinand and Fisher to compute the correction of order L^{-3} to\nthe energy and the corrections of order L^{-2} and L^{-3} to the specific heat.\nWe also obtain general results on the form of the finite-size corrections to\nthese quantities: only integer powers of L^{-1} occur, unmodified by logarithms\n(except of course for the leading $\\log L$ term in the specific heat); and the\nenergy expansion contains only odd powers of L^{-1}. In the specific-heat\nexpansion any power of L^{-1} can appear, but the coefficients of the odd\npowers are proportional to the corresponding coefficients of the energy\nexpansion.",
        "positive": "Estimate of temperature and its uncertainty in small systems: The energy of a finite system thermally connected to a thermal reservoir may\nfluctuate, while the temperature is a constant representing a thermodynamic\nproperty of the reservoir. The finite system can also be used as a thermometer\nfor the reservoir. From such a perspective the temperature has an uncertainty,\nwhich can be treated within the framework of estimation theory. We review the\nmain results of this theory, and clarify some controversial issues regarding\ntemperature fluctuations. We also offer a simple example of a thermometer with\na small number of particles. We discuss the relevance of the total observation\ntime, which must be much longer than the decorrelation time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy produced by magnetic energy density fluctuations in the quiet\n  Sun: D.J. Evans, et al., [Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 2401 (1993)] discovered a relation,\nsubsequently known as the Fluctuation Theorem (FT), which quantifies the\nprobability of observing fluctuations violating the second law of\nthermodynamics in thermostatted dissipative non-equilibrium systems. The FT has\nbeen confirmed experimentally for small systems. We analyze fluctuations of the\ntotal entropy production related to the distribution of the magnetic energy\ndensity in the quiet Sun lower atmosphere inferred by means of\nspectro-polarimetric observations. We show that the magnetic energy density is\nintermittent, at non-equilibrium and has the Markov property. The applicability\nof the FT is proven for the first time in an astronomical environment in spite\nof the seemingly large scales involved. We also found a non-linear behavior of\nthe probability current, indicating that the dynamics of the magnetic field\ndepends on the field strength. On average, however, the observed\nnon-equilibrium behavior is governed by the second law of thermodynamics for\nopen systems. Our results provide novel constraints for testing the\nhypothesizes of the solar local dynamo, which should be consistent with the\ninferred statistics of the fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Phonon gap and localization lengths in floppy materials: Gels of semi-flexible polymers, network glasses made of low valence elements,\nsoftly compressed ellipses and dense suspensions under flow are examples of\nfloppy materials. These systems present collective motions with almost no\nrestoring force. We study theoretically and numerically the\nfrequency-dependence of the response of these materials, and the length scales\nthat characterize their elasticity. We show that isotropic floppy elastic\nnetworks present a phonon gap for frequencies smaller than a frequency\n$\\omega^*$ governed by coordination, and that the elastic response is localized\non a length scale $l_c\\sim 1/\\sqrt{\\omega^*}$ that diverges as the phonon gap\nvanishes (with a logarithmic correction in the two dimensional case). $l_c$\nalso characterizes velocity correlations under shear, whereas another length\nscale $l^*\\sim 1/\\omega^*$ characterizes the effect of pinning boundaries on\nelasticity. We discuss the implications of our findings for suspensions flows,\nand the correspondence between floppy materials and amorphous solids near\nunjamming, where $l_c$ and $l^*$ have also been identified but where their\nroles are not fully understood."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discrete Systems in Thermal Physics and Engineering -- A Glance from\n  Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics: Non-equilibrium processes in Schottky systems generate by projection onto the\nequilibrium subspace reversible accompanying processes for which the\nnon-equilibrium variables are functions of the equilibrium ones. The embedding\ntheorem which guarantees the compatibility of the accompanying processes with\nthe non-equilibrium entropy is proved. The non-equilibrium entropy is defined\nas a state function on the non-equilibrium state space containing the contact\ntemperature as a non-equilibrium variable. If the entropy production does not\ndepend on the internal energy, the contact temperature changes into the\nthermostatic temperature also in non-equilibrium, a fact which allows to use\ntemperature as a primitive concept in non-equilibrium. The dissipation\ninequality is revisited, and an efficiency of generalized cyclic processes\nbeyond the Carnot process is achieved.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium transitions in multiscale systems with a bifurcating\n  slow manifold: Noise-induced transitions between metastable fixed points in systems evolving\non multiple time scales are analyzed in situations where the time scale\nseparation gives rise to a slow manifold with bifurcation. This analysis is\nperformed within the realm of large deviation theory. It is shown that these\nnon-equilibrium transitions make use of a reaction channel created by the\nbifurcation structure of the slow manifold, leading to vastly increased\ntransition rates. Several examples are used to illustrate these findings,\nincluding an insect outbreak model, a system modeling phase separation in the\npresence of evaporation, and a system modeling transitions in active matter\nself-assembly. The last example involves a spatially extended system modeled by\na stochastic partial differential equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Protecting information via probabilistic cellular automata: Probabilistic cellular automata describe the dynamics of classical spin\nmodels, which, for sufficiently small temperature $T$, can serve as classical\nmemory capable of storing information even in the presence of nonzero external\nmagnetic field $h$. In this article, we study a recently-introduced\nprobabilistic cellular automaton, the sweep rule, and map out a region of two\ncoexisting stable phases in the $(T,h)$ plane. We also find that the sweep rule\nbelongs to the weak two-dimensional Ising universality class. Our work is a\nstep towards understanding how simple geometrically-local error-correction\nstrategies can protect information encoded into complex noisy systems, such as\ntopological quantum error-correcting codes.",
        "positive": "A Paradox in the Langevin Equation with Long-Time Noise Correlations: We solve the generalized Langevin equation driven by a stochastic force with\npower-law autocorrelation function. A stationary Markov process has been\napplied as a model of the noise. However, the resulting velocity variance does\nnot stabilizes but diminishes with time. It is shown that algebraic\ndistributions can induce such non-stationary affects. Results are compared to\nthose obtained with a deterministic random force. Consequences for the\ndiffusion process are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground state energy density of a dilute Bose gas in the canonical\n  transformation: A ground state energy density of an interacting dilute Bose gas system is\nstudied in the canonical transformation scheme. It is shown that the\ntransformation scheme enables us to calculate a higher order correction of\norder $n a^3$ in the particle depletion and ground state energy density of a\ndilute Bose gas system, which corresponds to the density fluctuation\ncontribution from the excited states. The coefficient of $n a^3$ term is shown\nto be $2(\\pi - 8/3)$ for the particle depletion, and $16(\\pi - 8/3)$ for the\nground state energy density.",
        "positive": "Influence of entropy changes on reactor period: The period of a nuclear reactor is usually represented as a deterministic\nquantity. In this article, the reactor period is described as a random\nvariable. An approach based on the first passage time is used. In this case,\nthe effect of the change in entropy on the value of the period of the reactor\nis determined. Relations are obtained that describe the effect of entropy on\nthe period of the reactor. Expressions are obtained for the dispersion of the\nreactor period. This value cannot be found from a deterministic approach.\nKnowing the effect of total entropy change on the period of the reactor makes\nit possible to control the behavior of the reactor."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The out of equilibrium behavior of Casimir type fluctuation induced\n  forces for free classical fields: We present a general method to study the non-equilibrium behavior of Casimir\ntype fluctuation induced forces for classical free scalar field theories. In\nparticular we analyze the temporal evolution of the force towards its\nequilibrium value when the field dynamics is given by a general class of over\ndamped stochastic dynamics (including the model A and model B class). The\nsteady state force is also analyzed for systems which have non-equilibrium\nsteady states, for instance where they are driven by colored noise. The key to\nthe method is that out of equilibrium force is computed by specifying an energy\nof interaction between the field and the surfaces in the problem. In general we\nfind that there is a mapping of the dynamical problem onto a corresponding\nstatic one, and in the case where the latter can be solved the full dynamical\nbehavior of the force can be extracted. The method is used how to compute the\nnon-equilibrium Casimir force induced between two parallel plates by a\nfluctuating field, in the cases of Dirichlet, Neumann and mixed boundary\nconditions. Various other examples, such as the fluctuation induced force\nbetween inclusions in fluctuating media are discussed.",
        "positive": "Multi-Avalanche Correlations in Directed Sandpile Models: Multiple avalanches, initiated by simultaneously toppling neighbouring sites,\nare studied in three different directed sandpile models. It is argued that,\nwhile the single avalanche exponents are different for the three models, a\nsuitably defined two-avalanche distribution has identical exponents. The origin\nof this universality is traced to particle conservation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stable quasicrystalline ground states: We give a strong evidence that noncrystalline materials such as quasicrystals\nor incommensurate solids are not exceptions but rather are generic in some\nregions of a phase space. We show this by constructing classical lattice-gas\nmodels with translation-invariant, finite-range interactions and with a unique\nquasiperiodic ground state which is stable against small perturbations of\ntwo-body potentials. More generally, we provide a criterion for stability of\nnonperiodic ground states.",
        "positive": "Directed random walk in adsorbed monolayer: We study the dynamics of a tracer particle, which performs a totally directed\nrandom walk in an adsorbed monolayer composed of mobile hard-core particles\nundergoing continuous exchanges with a vapour phase. In terms of a\nmean-field-type approach, based on the decoupling of the\ntracer-particle-particle correlation functions into the product of pairwise,\ntracer-particle correlations, we determine the density profiles of the\nmonolayer particles, as seen from the stationary moving tracer, and calculate\nits terminal velocity, V_{tr}. In the general case the latter is determined\nimplicitly, as the solution of a certain transcendental equation. In two\nextreme limits of slow and fast monolayer particles diffusion, we obtain\nexplicit asymptotic forms of V_{tr}. We show next that the density profile in\nthe monolayer is strongly inhomogeneous: In front of the stationary moving\ntracer the local density is higher than the average value, \\rho_L, and\napproaches \\rho_L as an exponential function of the distance from the tracer.\nPast the tracer the local density is lower than \\rho_L and the approach to\n\\rho_L may proceed differently depending whether the particles number in the\nmonolayer is not or is explicitly conserved. In the former case the approach is\ndescribed by an exponential dependence with a different characteristic length,\ncompared to the behavior in front of the tracer; in the latter case, the\ndensity tends to \\rho_L algebraically. The characteristic lengths and the\namplitudes of the density relaxation functions are also determined explicitly"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Goldstone mode singularities in O(n) models: Monte Carlo (MC) analysis of the Goldstone mode singularities for the\ntransverse and the longitudinal correlation functions, behaving as G_{\\perp}(k)\n\\simeq ak^{-\\lambda_{\\perp}} and G_{\\parallel}(k) \\simeq\nbk^{-\\lambda_{\\parallel}} in the ordered phase at k -> 0, is performed in the\nthree-dimensional O(n) models with n=2, 4, 10. Our aim is to test some\nchallenging theoretical predictions, according to which the exponents\n\\lambda_{\\perp} and \\lambda_{\\parallel} are non-trivial (3/2<\\lambda_{\\perp}<2\nand 0<\\lambda_{\\parallel}<1 in three dimensions) and the ratio bM^2/a^2 (where\nM is a spontaneous magnetization) is universal. The trivial\nstandard-theoretical values are \\lambda_{\\perp}=2 and \\lambda_{\\parallel}=1.\nOur earlier MC analysis gives \\lambda_{\\perp}=1.955 \\pm 0.020 and\n\\lambda_{\\parallel} about 0.9 for the O(4) model. A recent MC estimation of\n\\lambda_{\\parallel}, assuming corrections to scaling of the standard theory,\nyields \\lambda_{\\parallel} = 0.69 \\pm 0.10 for the O(2) model. Currently, we\nhave performed a similar MC estimation for the O(10) model, yielding\n\\lambda_{\\perp} = 1.9723(90). We have observed that the plot of the effective\ntransverse exponent for the O(4) model is systematically shifted down with\nrespect to the same plot for the O(10) model by \\Delta \\lambda_{\\perp} =\n0.0121(52). It is consistent with the idea that 2-\\lambda_{\\perp} decreases for\nlarge $n$ and tends to zero at n -> \\infty. We have also verified and confirmed\nthe expected universality of bM^2/a^2 for the O(4) model, where simulations at\ntwo different temperatures (couplings) have been performed.",
        "positive": "Markov jump processes and collision-like models in the kinetic\n  description of multi-agent systems: Multi-agent systems can be successfully described by kinetic models, which\nallow one to explore the large scale aggregate trends resulting from elementary\nmicroscopic interactions. The latter may be formalised as collision-like rules,\nin the spirit of the classical kinetic approach in gas dynamics, but also as\nMarkov jump processes, which assume that every agent is stimulated by the other\nagents to change state according to a certain transition probability\ndistribution. In this paper we establish a parallelism between these two\ndescriptions, whereby we show how the understanding of the kinetic jump process\nmodels may be improved taking advantage of techniques typical of the\ncollisional approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anisotropic Landau-Lifshitz Model in Discrete Space-Time: We construct an integrable lattice model of classical interacting spins in\ndiscrete space-time, representing a discrete-time analogue of the lattice\nLandau-Lifshitz ferromagnet with uniaxial anisotropy. As an application we use\nthis explicit discrete symplectic integration scheme to compute the spin Drude\nweight and diffusion constant as functions of anisotropy and chemical\npotential. We demonstrate qualitatively different behavior in the easy-axis and\nthe easy-plane regimes in the non-magnetized sector. Upon approaching the\nisotropic point we also find an algebraic divergence of the diffusion constant,\nsignaling a crossover to spin superdiffusion.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo particle transport in random media: the effects of mixing\n  statistics: Particle transport in random media obeying a given mixing statistics is key\nin several applications in nuclear reactor physics and more generally in\ndiffusion phenomena emerging in optics and life sciences. Exact solutions for\nthe ensemble-averaged physical observables are hardly available, and several\napproximate models have been thus developed, providing a compromise between the\naccurate treatment of the disorder-induced spatial correlations and the\ncomputational time. In order to validate these models, it is mandatory to\nresort to reference solutions in benchmark configurations, typically obtained\nby explicitly generating by Monte Carlo methods several realizations of random\nmedia, simulating particle transport in each realization, and finally taking\nthe ensemble averages for the quantities of interest. In this context, intense\nresearch efforts have been devoted to Poisson (Markov) mixing statistics, where\nbenchmark solutions have been derived for transport in one-dimensional\ngeometries. In a recent work, we have generalized these solutions to two and\nthree-dimensional configurations, and shown how dimension affects the\nsimulation results. In this paper we will examine the impact of mixing\nstatistics: to this aim, we will compare the reflection and transmission\nprobabilities, as well as the particle flux, for three-dimensional random media\nobtained by resorting to Poisson, Voronoi and Box stochastic tessellations. For\neach tessellation, we will furthermore discuss the effects of varying the\nfragmentation of the stochastic geometry, the material compositions, and the\ncross sections of the transported particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality of (2+1)-dimensional restricted solid-on-solid models: Extensive dynamical simulations of Restricted Solid on Solid models in\n$D=2+1$ dimensions have been done using parallel multisurface algorithms\nimplemented on graphics cards. Numerical evidence is presented that these\nmodels exhibit KPZ surface growth scaling, irrespective of the step heights\n$N$. We show that by increasing $N$ the corrections to scaling increase, thus\nsmaller step-sized models describe better the asymptotic, long-wave-scaling\nbehavior.",
        "positive": "Exactly solvable model of stochastic heat engine: Optimization of power,\n  its fluctuations and efficiency: We investigate a stochastic heat engine based on an over-damped particle\ndiffusing on the positive real axis in an externally driven time-periodic\nlog-harmonic potential. The periodic driving is composed of two isothermal and\ntwo adiabatic branches. Within our specific setting we verify the recent\nuniversal results regarding efficiency at maximum power and discuss properties\nof the optimal protocol. Namely, we show that for certain fixed parameters the\noptimal protocol maximizes not only the output power but also the efficiency.\nMoreover, we calculate the variance of the output work and discuss the\npossibility to minimize fluctuations of the output power."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Learning stochastic dynamics and predicting emergent behavior using\n  transformers: We show that a neural network originally designed for language processing can\nlearn the dynamical rules of a stochastic system by observation of a single\ndynamical trajectory of the system, and can accurately predict its emergent\nbehavior under conditions not observed during training. We consider a lattice\nmodel of active matter undergoing continuous-time Monte Carlo dynamics,\nsimulated at a density at which its steady state comprises small, dispersed\nclusters. We train a neural network called a transformer on a single trajectory\nof the model. The transformer, which we show has the capacity to represent\ndynamical rules that are numerous and nonlocal, learns that the dynamics of\nthis model consists of a small number of processes. Forward-propagated\ntrajectories of the trained transformer, at densities not encountered during\ntraining, exhibit motility-induced phase separation and so predict the\nexistence of a nonequilibrium phase transition. Transformers have the\nflexibility to learn dynamical rules from observation without explicit\nenumeration of rates or coarse-graining of configuration space, and so the\nprocedure used here can be applied to a wide range of physical systems,\nincluding those with large and complex dynamical generators.",
        "positive": "Emergence of first-order and second-order phase transitions in a cyclic\n  ecosystem exposed to environmental impact: A cyclically dominating three-species ecosystem, modeled within the framework\nof rock-paper-scissor game, is studied in presence of natural death and an\neffect of the environment. The environmental impact is parameterized along with\nthe death rates in the rate equation of the species densities. Monte-Carlo\nsimulations on this system reveal that the population density bears the\nsignature of first-order and second-order phase transitions in different\nregimes of the parameters representing natural deaths of the species. The\nconnection of this phenomena with the phase transitions is also supported by\nthe behavior of the basin entropy calculated for the system. The density of\ntotal population evidently becomes an order parameter with respect to the\nchange in environmental impact on the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Moments of the characteristic polynomial in the three ensembles of\n  random matrices: Moments of the characteristic polynomial of a random matrix taken from any of\nthe three ensembles, orthogonal, unitary or symplectic, are given either as a\ndeterminant or a pfaffian or as a sum of determinants. For gaussian ensembles\ncomparing the two expressions of the same moment one gets two remarkable\nidentities, one between an $n\\times n$ determinant and an $m\\times m$\ndeterminant and another between the pfaffian of a $2n\\times 2n$ anti-symmetric\nmatrix and a sum of $m\\times m$ determinants.",
        "positive": "Critical exponents for the long-range Ising chain using a transfer\n  matrix approach: The critical behavior of the Ising chain with long-range ferromagnetic\ninteractions decaying with distance $r^\\alpha$, $1<\\alpha<2$, is investigated\nusing a numerically efficient transfer matrix (TM) method. Finite size\napproximations to the infinite chain are considered, in which both the number\nof spins and the number of interaction constants can be independently\nincreased. Systems with interactions between spins up to 18 sites apart and up\nto 2500 spins in the chain are considered. We obtain data for the critical\nexponents $\\nu$ associated with the correlation length based on the Finite\nRange Scaling (FRS) hypothesis. FRS expressions require the evaluation of\nderivatives of the thermodynamical properties, which are obtained with the help\nof analytical recurrence expressions obtained within the TM framework. The Van\nden Broeck extrapolation procedure is applied in order to estimate the\nconvergence of the exponents. The TM procedure reduces the dimension of the\nmatrices and circumvents several numerical matrix operations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The quenched-disordered Ising model in two and four dimensions: We briefly review the Ising model with uncorrelated, quenched random-site or\nrandom-bond disorder, which has been controversial in both two and four\ndimensions. In these dimensions, the leading exponent alpha, which\ncharacterizes the specific-heat critical behaviour, vanishes and no Harris\nprediction for the consequences of quenched disorder can be made. In the\ntwo-dimensional case, the controversy is between the strong universality\nhypothesis which maintains that the leading critical exponents are the same as\nin the pure case and the weak universality hypothesis, which favours\ndilution-dependent leading critical exponents. Here the random-site version of\nthe model is subject to a finite-size scaling analysis, paying special\nattention to the implications for multiplicative logarithmic corrections. The\nanalysis is fully supportive of the scaling relations for logarithmic\ncorrections and of the strong scaling hypothesis in the 2D case. In the\nfour-dimensional case unusual corrections to scaling characterize the model,\nand the precise nature of these corrections has been debated. Progress made in\ndetermining the correct 4D scenario is outlined.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic uncertainty relations in a linear system: We consider a Brownian particle in harmonic confinement of stiffness $k$, in\none dimension in the underdamped regime. The whole setup is immersed in a heat\nbath at temperature $T$. The center of harmonic trap is dragged under any\narbitrary protocol. The thermodynamic uncertainty relations for both position\nof the particle and current at time $t$ are obtained using the second law of\nthermodynamics as well as the positive semi-definite property of the\ncorrelation matrix of work and degrees of freedom of the system for both\nunderdamped and overdamped cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Renormalization Theory I: In the present article we consider some general class of divergent diagrams\nin Keldysh diagram technique. These divergences arise for nonequilibrium matter\nand closely related to the divergences in the kinetic theory of gases. We\nsuggest a scheme of renormalization of such divergences and illustrate it on\nsome examples. In the other papers of these series we develop the general\ntheory of renormalization of nonequilibrium diagram technique. The fact that\nthermal divergences in non-equilibrium diagram technique can be renormalized\nleads to the following consequence: to prove that the system tends to the\nthermal equilibrium one should to take into account the behaviour of the system\non its boundary. In this paper we illustrate this fact on Bogoliubov derivation\nof kinetic equations.",
        "positive": "Small quantum networks operating as quantum thermodynamic machines: We show that a 3-qubit system as studied for quantum information purposes can\nalternatively be used as a thermodynamic machine when driven in finite time and\ninterfaced between two split baths. The spins are arranged in a chain where the\nworking spin in the middle exercises Carnot cycles the area of which defines\nthe exchanged work. The cycle orientation (sign of the exchanged work) flips as\nthe difference of bath temperatures goes through a critical value."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Supersolids: what and where are they ?: The ongoing experimental and theoretical effort aimed at understanding\nnon-classical rotational inertia in solid helium, has sparked renewed interest\nin the supersolid phase of matter, its microscopic origin and character, and\nits experimental detection. The purpose of this colloquium is a) to provide a\ngeneral theoretical framework for the phenomenon of supersolidity and b) to\nreview some of the experimental evidence for solid Helium-four, and discuss its\npossible interpretation in terms of physical effects underlain by extended\ndefects (such as dislocations). We provide quantitative support to our\ntheoretical scenarios by means of first principle numerical simulations. We\nalso discuss alternate avenues for the observation of the supersolid phase, not\ninvolving helium but rather assemblies of ultracold atoms.",
        "positive": "Composition Dependent Instabilities in Mixtures With Many Components: Understanding the phase behavior of mixtures with many components is\nimportant in many contexts, including as a key step toward a physics-based\ndescription of intracellular compartmentalization. Here, we study the\ninstabilities of a mixture model where the second virial coefficients are taken\nas random Gaussian variables. Using tools from free probability theory we\nobtain the exact spinodal curve and the nature of instabilities for a mixture\nwith an arbitrary composition, thus lifting the assumption of uniform mixture\ncomponent densities pervading previous studies. We show that, by controlling\nthe volume fraction of only a few components, one can systematically change the\nnature of the spinodal instability and achieve demixing for realistic scenarios\nby a strong {\\em composition imbalance amplification}. This results from a\nnon-trivial interplay of entropic effects due to non-uniform composition and\ncomplexity in the interactions. Our approach allows for the inclusion of any\nfinite number of structured interactions, leading to a competition between\ndifferent forms of demixing as density is varied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Small-angle scattering from multi-phase fractals: Small-angle scattering (SAS) intensities observed experimentally are often\ncharacterized by the presence of successive power-law regimes with various\nscattering exponents whose values vary from -4 to -1. This usually indicates\nmultiple fractal structures of the sample characterized by different size\nscales. The existing models explaining the crossover positions (that is, the\npoints where the power-law scattering exponent changes) involve only one\ncontrast parameter, which depends solely on the ratio of the fractal sizes.\nHere, a model that describes SAS from a multi-phase system with a few contrast\nparameters is described, and it is shown that the crossover position depends on\nthe scattering length density of each phase. The Stuhrmann contrast variation\nmethod is generalized and applied to experimental curves in the vicinity of the\ncrossover point beyond the Guinier region. The contrast variation is applied\nnot to the intensity itself but to the model parameters, which can be found by\nfitting the experimental data with the suggested interpolation formula. The\nmodel supplements the existing two-phase models and gives the simple condition\nof their inapplicability: if the crossover point depends on the contrast then a\ntwo-phase model is not relevant. The developed analysis allows one to answer\nthe qualitative question of whether one fractal `absorbs' another one or they\nare both immersed in a surrounding homogeneous medium like a solvent or solid\nmatrix. The models can be applied to experimental SAS data where the absolute\nvalue of the scattering exponent of the first power-law regime is higher than\nthat of the subsequent second power-law regime, that is, the scattering curve\nis `convex' near the crossover point. As is shown, the crossover position can\nbe very sensitive to contrast variation, which influences significantly the\nlength of the fractal range.",
        "positive": "Stochastic model for scale-free networks with cutoffs: We propose and analyze a stochastic model which explains, analytically, the\ncutoff behavior of real scale-free networks previously modeled computationally\nby Amaral et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 11149 (2000)] and others.\nWe present a mathematical model that can explain several existing computational\nscale-free network generation models. This yields a theoretical basis to\nunderstand cutoff behavior in complex networks, previously treated only with\nsimulations using distinct models. Therefore, ours is an integrative approach\nthat unifies the existing literature on cutoff behavior in scale-free networks.\nFurthermore, our mathematical model allows us to reach conclusions not hitherto\npossible with computational models: the ability to predict the equilibrium\npoint of active vertices and to relate the growth of networks with the\nprobability of aging. We also discuss how our model introduces a useful way to\nclassify scale free behavior of complex networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Dimension in the Solution of the Barenblatt's Equation: A new method is presented to obtain the anomalous dimension in the solution\nof the Barenblatt's equation. The result is the same as that in the\nrenormalization group (RG) approach. It gives us insight on the perturbative\nsolution of the Barenblatt's equation in the RG approach. Based on this\ndiscussion, an improvement is made to take into account, in more complete way,\nthe nonlinear effect, which is included in the Heaviside function in higher\norders. This improved result is better than that in RG approach.",
        "positive": "Completely packed O($n$) loop models and their relation with exactly\n  solved coloring models: We explore the physical properties of the completely packed O($n$) loop model\non the square lattice, and its generalization to an Eulerian graph model, which\nfollows by including cubic vertices which connect the four incoming loop\nsegments. This model includes crossing bonds as well. Our study of the\nproperties of this model involve transfer-matrix calculations and finite-size\nscaling. The numerical results are compared to existing exact solutions,\nincluding solutions of special cases of a so-called coloring model, which are\nshown to be equivalent with our generalized loop model. The latter exact\nsolutions correspond with seven one-dimensional branches in the parameter space\nof our generalized loop model. One of these branches, describing the case of\nnonintersecting loops, is already known to correspond with the ordering\ntransition of the Potts model. We find that another exactly solved branch,\nwhich describes a model with nonintersecting loops and cubic vertices,\ncorresponds with a first-order Ising-like phase transition for $n>2$. For\n$1<n<2$, this branch can be interpreted in terms of a low-temperature O($n$)\nphase with corner-cubic anisotropy. For $n>2$ this branch is the locus of a\nfirst-order phase boundary between a phase with a hard-square lattice-gas like\nordering, and a phase dominated by cubic vertices. The first-order character of\nthis transition is in agreement with a mean-field argument."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy spectrum of bound-spinons in the quantum Ising spin-chain\n  ferromagnet: We study the excitation energy spectrum in the S=1/2 ferromagnetic Ising spin\nchain with the easy axis z in a magnetic field h={h_x,0,h_z}. According to Wu\nand McCoy's scenario of weak confinement, the fermionic spinon excitations\n(kinks), being free at h_z = 0 in the ordered phase, are coupled into bosonic\nbound states at arbitrary small h_z. We calculate the energy spectrum of such\nexcitations in the leading order in small h_z, using different perturbative\nmethods developed for the similar problem in the Ising field theory.",
        "positive": "Geometrical mutual information at the tricritical point of the\n  two-dimensional Blume-Capel model: The spin-1 classical Blume-Capel model on a square lattice is known to\nexhibit a finite-temperature phase transition described by the tricritical\nIsing CFT in 1+1 space-time dimensions. This phase transition can be accessed\nwith classical Monte Carlo simulations, which, via a replica-trick calculation,\ncan be used to study the shape-dependence of the classical R\\'enyi entropies\nfor a torus divided into two cylinders. From the second R\\'enyi entropy, we\ncalculate the Geometrical Mutual Information (GMI) introduced by St\\'ephan et.\nal. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 127204 (2014)] and use it to extract a numerical\nestimate for the value of the central charge near the tricritical point. By\ncomparing to the known CFT result, $c=7/10$, we demonstrate how this type of\nGMI calculation can be used to estimate the position of the tricritical point\nin the phase diagram."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetics of Vapor-Solid Phase Transitions: Structure, growth and\n  mechanism: Kinetics of separation between the low and high density phases in a single\ncomponent Lennard-Jones model has been studied via molecular dynamics\nsimulations, at a very low temperature, in the space dimension $d=2$. For\ndensities close to the vapor (low density) branch of the coexistence curve,\ndisconnected clusters of the high density phase exhibit ballistic motion, the\nkinetic energy distribution of the clusters being closely Maxwellian. Starting\nfrom nearly circular shapes, at the time of nucleation, these clusters grow via\nsticky collisions, gaining filament-like nonequilibrium structure at late\ntimes, with a very low fractal dimensionality. The origin of the latter is\nshown to lie in the low mobility of the constituent particles, in the\ncorresponding cluster reference frame, due to the (quasi-long-range)\ncrystalline order. Standard self-similarity in the domain pattern, typically\nobserved in kinetics of phase transitions, is found to be absent in this growth\nprocess. This invalidates the common method, that provides a growth law same as\nin immiscible solid mixtures, of quantifying growth. An appropriate alternative\napproach, involving the fractality in the structure, quantifies the growth of\nthe characteristic \"length\" to be a power-law with time, the exponent being\nsurprisingly high. The observed growth law has been derived via a\nnonequilibrium kinetic theory.",
        "positive": "Quasi Markovian behavior in mixing maps: We consider the time dependent probability distribution of a coarse grained\nobservable Y whose evolution is governed by a discrete time map. If the map is\nmixing, the time dependent one-step transition probabilities converge in the\nlong time limit to yield an ergodic stochastic matrix. The stationary\ndistribution of this matrix is identical to the asymptotic distribution of Y\nunder the exact dynamics. The nth time iterate of the baker map is explicitly\ncomputed and used to compare the time evolution of the occupation probabilities\nwith those of the approximating Markov chain. The convergence is found to be at\nleast exponentially fast for all rectangular partitions with Lebesgue measure.\nIn particular, uniform rectangles form a Markov partition for which we find\nexact agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Reversibility in Feedback Processes: The sum of the average work dissipated plus the information gained during a\nthermodynamic process with discrete feedback must exceed zero. We demonstrate\nthat the minimum value of zero is attained only by feedback-reversible\nprocesses that are indistinguishable from their time-reversal, thereby\nextending the notion of thermodynamic reversibility to feedback processes. In\naddition, we prove that in every realization of a feedback-reversible process\nthe sum of the work dissipated and change in uncertainty is zero.",
        "positive": "Intermittence and roughening of periodic elastic media: We analyze intermittence and roughening of an elastic interface or domain\nwall pinned in a periodic potential, in the presence of random-bond disorder in\n(1+1) and (2+1) dimensions. Though the ensemble average behavior is smooth, the\ntypical behavior of a large sample is intermittent, and does not self-average\nto a smooth behavior. Instead, large fluctuations occur in the mean location of\nthe interface and the onset of interface roughening is via an extensive\nfluctuation which leads to a jump in the roughness of order $\\lambda$, the\nperiod of the potential. Analytical arguments based on extreme statistics are\ngiven for the number of the minima of the periodicity visited by the interface\nand for the roughening cross-over, which is confirmed by extensive exact ground\nstate calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A one dimensional hard-point gas as a thermoelectric engine: We demonstrate the possibility to build a thermoelectric engine using a one\ndimensional gas of molecules with unequal masses and hard-point interaction.\nMost importantly, we show that the efficiency of this engine is determined by a\nnew parameter YT which is different from the well known figure of merit ZT.\nEven though the efficiency of this particular model is low, our results shed\nnew light on the problem and open the possibility to build efficient\nthermoelectric engines.",
        "positive": "Asymmetry of the Hamiltonian and the Tolman's length: Using the canonical transformation of the order parameter which restores the\nIsing symmetry of the Hamiltonian we derive the expression for the Tolman\nlength as a sum of two terms. One of them is the term generated by the\nfluctuations of the order parameter the other one is due to the entropy. The\nleading singular behavior of the Tolman length near the critical point is\nanalyzed. The obtained results are in correspondence with that of M.A.\nAnisimov, Phys. Rev. Lett., \\textbf{98} 035702 (2007)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "More on the Brownian force model: avalanche shapes, tip driven, higher\n  $d$: The Brownian force model (BFM) is the mean-field model for the avalanches of\nan elastic interface slowly driven in a random medium. It describes the\nspatio-temporal statistics of the velocity field, and, to some extent is\nanalytically tractable. We extend our previous studies to obtain several\nobservables for the BFM with short range elasticity, related to the local jump\nsizes $S(x)$ and to the avalanche spatial extension in $d=1$, or the avalanche\nspan in $d>1$. In $d=1$ we consider both driving (i) by an imposed force (ii)\nby an imposed displacement \"at the tip\" and obtain in each case the mean\nspatial shape $\\langle S(x) \\rangle$ at fixed extension, or at fixed seed to\nedge distance. We find that near an edge $x_e$, $S(x) \\simeq \\sigma |x-x_e|^3$\nwhere $\\sigma$ has a universal distribution that we obtain. We also obtain the\nspatiotemporal shape near the edge. In $d>1$ we obtain (i) the mean shape\n$\\langle S(x_1,x_\\perp) \\rangle$ for a fixed span, which exhibits a non-trivial\ndependence in the transverse distance to the seed $x_\\perp$ (ii) the mean shape\naround a point which has not moved, $\\langle S(x) \\rangle_{S(0)=0}$, which\nvanishes at the center as $|x|^{b_d}$ with non trivial exponents, $b_1=4$,\n$b_2=2 \\sqrt{2}$ and $b_3=\\frac{1}{2} (\\sqrt{17}-1)$. We obtain the probability\ndistributions in any $d$ for the maximal radius of an avalanche and the minimal\ndistance of approach to a given point, as well as the probability of not\nhitting a cone in $d=2$. These results equivalently apply to the continuum\nlimit of some branching diffusions, as detailed in a companion paper.",
        "positive": "Three-stage thermalisation of a quasi-integrable system: We consider a system of classical hard rods or billiard balls in one\ndimension, initially prepared in a Bragg-pulse state at a given temperature and\nsubjected to external periodic fields. We show that at late times the system\nalways thermalises in the thermodynamic limit via a 3-stages process\ncharacterised by: an early phase where the dynamics is well described by Euler\nhydrodynamics, a subsequent where a (weak) turbulent phase is observed and\nwhere hydrodynamic gradient expansion can be broken, and a final one where the\ngas thermalises according to a viscous hydrodynamics. As the hard rod gas\nshares the same large-scale hydrodynamics as other quantum and classical\nintegrable systems, we expect these features to universally characterise all\nmany-body integrable systems in generic external potentials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-extensive Hamiltonian systems follow Boltzmann's principle not\n  Tsallis statistics. -- Phase Transitions, Second Law of Thermodynamics: Boltzmann's principle S(E,N,V)=k*ln W(E,N,V) relates the entropy to the\ngeometric area e^{S(E,N,V)} of the manifold of constant energy in the N-body\nphase space. From the principle all thermodynamics and especially all phenomena\nof phase transitions and critical phenomena can be deduced. The topology of the\ncurvature matrix C(E,N) (Hessian) of S(E,N) determines regions of pure phases,\nregions of phase separation, and (multi-)critical points and lines. Thus,\nC(E,N) describes all kind of phase-transitions with all their flavor. No\nassumptions of extensivity, concavity of S(E), or additivity have to be\ninvoked. Thus Boltzmann's principle and not Tsallis statistics describes the\nequilibrium properties as well the approach to equilibrium of extensive and\nnon-extensive Hamiltonian systems. No thermodynamic limit must be invoked.",
        "positive": "Potential Energy Landscape of TIP4P/2005 water: We report an exhaustive numerical study of the statistical properties of the\npotential energy landscape of TIP4P/2005, one of the most accurate rigid water\nmodels. We show that, in the region where equilibrated configurations can be\ngenerated, a Gaussian landscape description is able to properly describe the\nmodel properties. We also find that the volume dependence of the landscape\nproperties is consistent with the existence of a locus of density maxima in the\nphase diagram. The landscape-based equation of state accurately reproduces the\nTIP4P/2005 pressure-vs-volume curves, providing a sound extrapolation of the\nfree-energy at low T. A positive-pressure liquid-liquid critical point is\npredicted by the resulting free-energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transient exchange fluctuation theorems for heat using Hamiltonian\n  framework: Classical and Quantum: We investigate the statistics of heat exchange between a finite system\ncoupled to reservoir(s). We have obtained analytical results for heat\nfluctuation theorem in the transient regime considering the Hamiltonian\ndynamics of the composite system consisting of the system of interest and the\nheat bath(s). The system of interest is driven by an external protocol. We\nfirst derive it in the context of a single heat bath. The result is in exact\nagreement with known result. We then generalize the treatment to two heat\nbaths. We further extend the study to quantum systems and show that relations\nsimilar to the classical case hold in the quantum regime. For our study we\ninvoke von Neumann two point projective measurement in quantum mechanics in the\ntransient regime. Our result is a generalisation of Jarzynski-W$\\grave{o}$jcik\nheat fluctuation theorem.",
        "positive": "Exact extreme, order and sum statistics in a class of strongly\n  correlated system: Even though strongly correlated systems are abundant, only a few exceptional\ncases admit analytical solutions. In this paper we present a large class of\nsolvable systems with strong correlations.. We consider a set of $N$\nindependent and identically distributed (i.i.d) random variables $\\{X_1,\\,\nX_2,\\ldots, X_N\\}$ whose common distribution has a parameter $Y$ (or a set of\nparameters) which itself is random with its own distribution. For a fixed value\nof this parameter $Y$, the $X_i$ variables are independent and we call them\nconditionally independent and identically distributed (c.i.i.d). However, once\nintegrated over the distribution of the parameter $Y$, the $X_i$ variables get\nstrongly correlated, yet retaining a solvable structure for various\nobservables, such as for the sum and the extremes of $X_i$'s. This provides a\nsimple procedure to generate a class of solvable strongly correlated systems.\nWe illustrate how this procedure works via three physical examples where $N$\nparticles on a line perform independent (i) Brownian motions, (ii) ballistic\nmotions with random initial velocities, and (iii) L\\'evy flights, but they get\nstrongly correlated via {\\it simultaneous resetting} to the origin. Our results\nare verified in numerical simulations. This procedure can be used to generate\nan endless variety of solvable strongly correlated systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exit versus escape in a stochastic dynamical system of neuronal networks\n  explains heterogenous bursting intervals: Neuronal networks can generate burst events. It remains unclear how to\nanalyse interburst periods and their statistics. We study here the phase-space\nof a mean-field model, based on synaptic short-term changes, that exhibit burst\nand interburst dynamics and we identify that interburst corresponds to the\nescape from a basin of attraction. Using stochastic simulations, we report here\nthat the distribution of the these durations do not match with the time to\nreach the boundary. We further analyse this phenomenon by studying a generic\nclass of two-dimensional dynamical systems perturbed by small noise that\nexhibits two peculiar behaviors: 1- the maximum associated to the probability\ndensity function is not located at the point attractor, which came as a\nsurprise. The distance between the maximum and the attractor increases with the\nnoise amplitude $\\sigma$, as we show using WKB approximation and numerical\nsimulations. 2- For such systems, exiting from the basin of attraction is not\nsufficient to characterize the entire escape time, due to trajectories that can\nreturn several times inside the basin of attraction after crossing the\nboundary, before eventually escaping far away. To conclude, long-interburst\ndurations are inherent properties of the dynamics and sould be expected in\nempirical time series.",
        "positive": "Boosting thermodynamic performance by bending space-time: Black holes are arguably the most extreme regions of the universe. Yet, they\nare also utterly inaccessible to experimentation, and even just indirect\nobservation poses significant technical challenges. The phenomenological\napproach of thermodynamics is uniquely suited to explore at least some of the\nphysical properties of such scenarios, and this has motivated the study of\nso-called holographic engines. We show that the efficiency of an endoreversible\nBrayton cycle is given by the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency if the engine is fueled\nby a 2-dimensional ideal gas; and that the efficiency is higher, if the working\nmedium is a (2+1)-dimensional BTZ black hole. These findings may be relevant\nnot only in the quest to unlock the mysteries of black holes, but also for\npotential technological applications of graphene."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Controlling Nonlinear Stochastic Resonance by Harmonic Mixing: We investigate the potential for controlling the effect of nonlinear\nStochastic Resonance (SR) by use of harmonic mixing signals for an overdamped\nBrownian dynamics in a symmetric double well potential. The periodic forcing\nfor harmonic mixing consists of a first signal with a basic frequency $\\Omega$\nand a second, superimposed signal oscillating at twice the basic frequency\n$2\\Omega$. By variation of the phase difference between these two components\nand the amplitude ratios of the driving the phenomenon of SR becomes a priori\ncontrollable. The harmonic mixing dynamically breaks the symmetry so that the\ntime- and ensemble-average assumes a non-vanishing value. Independently of the\nnoise level, the response can be suppressed by adjusting the phase difference.\nNonlinear SR then exhibits resonances at higher harmonics with respect to the\napplied noise strength and relative phase. The scheme of nonlinear SR via\nharmonic mixing can be used to steer the nonlinear response and to sensitively\nmeasure the internal noise strength. We further demonstrate that the full\nFokker-Planck dynamics can be well approximated by a two-state model.",
        "positive": "Traffic jams induced by rare switching events in two-lane transport: We investigate a model for driven exclusion processes where internal states\nare assigned to the particles. The latter account for diverse situations,\nranging from spin states in spintronics to parallel lanes in intracellular or\nvehicular traffic. Introducing a coupling between the internal states by\nallowing particles to switch from one to another induces an intriguing\npolarization phenomenon. In a mesoscopic scaling, a rich stationary regime for\nthe density profiles is discovered, with localized domain walls in the density\nprofile of one of the internal states being feasible. We derive the shape of\nthe density profiles as well as resulting phase diagrams analytically by a\nmean-field approximation and a continuum limit. Continuous as well as\ndiscontinuous lines of phase transition emerge, their intersections induce\nmulticritical behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solid-phase structures of the Dzugutov pair potential: In recent computer simulations of a simple monatomic system interacting via\nthe Dzugutov pair potential, freezing of the fluid into an equilibrium\ndodecagonal quasicrystal has been reported [M. Dzugutov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70,\n2924 (1993)]. Here, using a combination of molecular dynamics simulation and\nthermodynamic perturbation theory, we conduct a detailed analysis of the\nrelative stabilities of solid-phase structures of the Dzugutov-potential\nsystem. At low pressures, the most stable structure is found to be a bcc\ncrystal, which gives way at higher pressures to an fcc crystal. Although a\ndodecagonal quasicrystal and a sigma-phase crystal compete with the bcc crystal\nfor stability, they remain always metastable.",
        "positive": "The inactive-active phase transition in the noisy additive\n  (exclusive-or) probabilistic cellular automaton: We investigate the inactive-active phase transition in an array of additive\n(exclusive-or) cellular automata under noise. The model is closely related with\nthe Domany-Kinzel probabilistic cellular automaton, for which there are\nrigorous as well as numerical estimates on the transition probabilities. Here\nwe characterize the critical behavior of the noisy additive cellular automaton\nby mean field analysis and finite-size scaling and show that its phase\ntransition belongs to the directed percolation universality class of critical\nbehavior. As a by-product of our analysis, we argue that the critical behavior\nof the noisy elementary CA 90 and 102 (in Wolfram's enumeration scheme) must be\nthe same. We also perform an empirical investigation of the mean field\nequations to assess their quality and find that away from the critical point\n(but not necessarily very far away) the mean field approximations provide a\nreasonably good description of the dynamics of the PCA."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanical approach of complex networks with weighted links: Systems which consist of many localized constituents interacting with each\nother can be represented by complex networks. Consistently, network science has\nbecome highly popular in vast fields focusing on natural, artificial and social\nsystems. We numerically analyze the growth of $d$-dimensional geographic\nnetworks (characterized by the index $\\alpha_G\\geq0$; $d = 1, 2, 3, 4$) whose\nlinks are weighted through a predefined random probability distribution, namely\n$P(w) \\propto e^{-|w - w_c|/\\tau}$, $w$ being the weight $ (w_c \\geq 0; \\; \\tau\n> 0)$. In this model, each site has an evolving degree $k_i$ and a local energy\n$\\varepsilon_i \\equiv \\sum_{j=1}^{k_i} w_{ij}/2$ ($i = 1, 2, ..., N$) that\ndepend on the weights of the links connected to it. Each newly arriving site\nlinks to one of the pre-existing ones through preferential attachment given by\nthe probability $\\Pi_{ij}\\propto \\varepsilon_{i}/d^{\\,\\alpha_A}_{ij}\n\\;\\;(\\alpha_A \\ge 0)$, where $d_{ij}$ is the Euclidean distance between the\nsites. Short- and long-range interactions respectively correspond to\n$\\alpha_A/d>1$ and $0\\leq \\alpha_A/d \\leq 1$; $\\alpha_A/d \\to \\infty$\ncorresponds to interactions between close neighbors, and $\\alpha_A/d \\to 0$\ncorresponds to infinitely-ranged interactions. The site energy distribution\n$p(\\varepsilon)$ corresponds to the usual degree distribution $p(k)$ as the\nparticular instance $(w_c,\\tau)=(2,0)$. We numerically verify that the\ncorresponding connectivity distribution $p(\\varepsilon)$ converges, when\n$\\alpha_A/d\\to\\infty$, to the weight distribution $P(w)$ for infinitely narrow\ndistributions (i.e., $\\tau \\to \\infty, \\,\\forall w_c$) as well as for $w_c\\to0,\n\\, \\forall\\tau$.",
        "positive": "Single to Double Hump Transition in the Equilibrium Distribution\n  Function of Relativistic Particles: We unveil a transition from single peaked to bimodal velocity distribution in\na relativistic fluid under increasing temperature, in contrast with a\nnon-relativistic gas, where only a monotonic broadening of the bell-shaped\ndistribution is observed. Such transition results from the interplay between\nthe raise in thermal energy and the constraint of maximum velocity imposed by\nthe speed of light. We study the Bose-Einstein, the Fermi-Dirac, and the\nMaxwell-J\\\"uttner distributions, all exhibiting the same qualitative behavior.\nWe characterize the nature of the transition in the framework of critical\nphenomena and show that it is either continuous or discontinuous, depending on\nthe group velocity. We analyze the transition in one, two, and three\ndimensions, with special emphasis on two-dimensions, for which a possible\nexperiment in graphene, based on the measurement of the Johnson-Nyquist noise,\nis proposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inertial Effects in Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics: We discuss inertial effects in systems outside equilibrium within the\nframework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. By introducing a Gibbs equation in\nwhich the entropy depends on the probability density, we are able to describe a\nsystem of Brownian particles immersed in a heat bath in both inertial and\ndiffusion regimes. In the former, a relaxation equation for the diffusion\ncurrent is obtained whereas in the latter we recover Fick's law. Our approach,\nwhich uses the elements of the theory of internal degrees of freedom,\nconstitutes the mesoscopic version of a previous analysis which takes into\naccount the kinetic energy of diffusion.",
        "positive": "Topological Kolmogorov complexity and the\n  Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless mechanism: Topology plays a fundamental role in our understanding of many-body physics,\nfrom vortices and solitons in classical field theory, to phases and excitations\nin quantum matter. Topological phenomena are intimately connected to the\ndistribution of information content - that, differently from ordinary matter,\nis now governed by non-local degrees of freedom. However, a precise\ncharacterization of how topological effects govern the complexity of a\nmany-body state - i.e., its partition function - is presently unclear. In this\nwork, we show how topology and complexity are directly intertwined concepts in\nthe context of classical statistical mechanics. In concrete, we present a\ntheory that shows how the Kolmogorov complexity of a classical partition\nfunction sampling carries unique, distinctive features depending on the\npresence of topological excitations in the system. We confront two-dimensional\nIsing, Heisenberg, and XY models on several topologies and study the\ncorresponding samplings as high-dimensional manifolds in configuration space,\nquantifying their complexity via the intrinsic dimension. While for the Ising\nand Heisenberg models the intrinsic dimension is independent of the real-space\ntopology, for the XY model it depends crucially on temperature: across the\nBerezkinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition, complexity becomes topology\ndependent. In the BKT phase, it displays a characteristic dependence on the\nhomology of the real-space manifold, and, for $g$-torii, it follows a scaling\nthat is solely genus dependent. We argue that this behavior is intimately\nconnected to the emergence of an order parameter in data space, the conditional\nconnectivity, that displays scaling behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vortex Dynamics and Entropic Coulomb Forces in Ising and Potts\n  Antiferromagnets and Ice Models: We study the dynamics of topological defects in the triangular Ising\nantiferromagnet, a related model on the square lattice equivalent to the\nsix-vertex ice model, and the three-state antiferromagnetic Potts model on the\nsquare lattice. Since each of these models has a height representation in which\ndefects are screw dislocations, we expect them to be attracted or repelled with\nan entropy-driven Coulomb force. In each case we show explicitly how this force\nis felt through local fields. We measure the force numerically, both by\nquenching the system to zero temperature and by measuring the motion of vortex\npairs. For the three-state Potts model, we calculate both the force and the\ndefect mobility, and find reasonable agreement with theory.",
        "positive": "Singularities of the renormalization group flow for random elastic\n  manifolds: We consider the singularities of the zero temperature renormalization group\nflow for random elastic manifolds. When starting from small scales, this flow\ngoes through two particular points $l^{*}$ and $l_{c}$, where the average value\nof the random squared potential $<U^{2}>$ turnes negative ($l^{*}$) and where\nthe fourth derivative of the potential correlator becomes infinite at the\norigin ($l_{c}$). The latter point sets the scale where simple perturbation\ntheory breaks down as a consequence of the competition between many metastable\nstates. We show that under physically well defined circumstances $l_{c}<l^{*}$\nand thus the apparent renormalization of $<U^{2}>$ to negative values does not\ntake place."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation properties of the neutron population in nuclear reactors: Reactor physics aims at studying the neutron population in a reactor core\nunder the influence of feedback mechanisms, such as the Doppler temperature\neffect. Numerical schemes to calculate macroscopic properties emerging from\nsuch coupled stochastic systems however require to define intermediate\nquantities (e.g. the temperature field), which are bridging the gap between the\nstochastic neutron field and the deterministic feedback. By interpreting the\nbranching random walk of neutrons in fissile media under the influence of a\nfeedback mechanism as a directed percolation process and by leveraging on the\nstatistical field theory of birth death processes, we will build a stochastic\nmodel of neutron transport theory and of reactor physics. The critical\nexponents of this model, combined to the analysis of the resulting field\nequation involving a fractional Laplacian will show that the critical diffusion\nequation cannot adequately describe the spatial distribution of the neutron\npopulation and shifts instead to a critical super-diffusion equation. The\nanalysis of this equation will reveal that non-negligible departure from mean\nfield behavior might develop in reactor cores, questioning the attainable\naccuracy of the numerical schemes currently used by the nuclear industry.",
        "positive": "A dynamical approach to the $\u03b1$-$\u03b2$ displacive transition of\n  quartz: General features of the $\\alpha-\\beta$ transition of quartz are investigated.\nMolecular dynamics methods are mainly used, an analytic treatment being\ndeferred to a work in preparation. A basic preliminary observation is that the\ntransition involves only a subsystem of four normal modes on which the\nremaining ones just act as a reservoir. The dynamics of the relevant subsystem\nturns out to be Hamiltonian, being governed by an effective potential that\ndepends on the specific energy of the total system. The effective potential is\nactually calculated through time averages. It describes the transition as a\npitchfork bifurcation, and also explains the phenomenon of the soft mode, since\nit exhibits a frequency that vanishes at the transition. The critical exponent\ntoo is estimated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inter-basin fluctuations in glass-forming liquids: short time and long\n  time thermodynamic susceptibilities: Thermodynamic effects of local structure fluctuations in glassformers are\nanalyzed in terms of energy basins and inter-basin hopping. Depending on the\ntime-scale of measurement, one observes short-time thermodynamic properties\nrelated to a narrow set of basins, or equilibrium properties that include\nstructural relaxation. The inter-basin hopping is manifested by the\nfluctuations of the pressure, internal energy, and other thermodynamic short\ntime characteristics. Formulas relating the inter-basin fluctuations of\npressure and internal energy to the differences between the long- and\nshort-time susceptibilities are found. Based on obtained relations, we discuss\nthe relative sensitivity of the structure to temperature and pressure.",
        "positive": "Collisional Properties of a Polarized Fermi Gas with Resonant\n  Interactions: Highly polarized mixtures of atomic Fermi gases constitute a novel Fermi\nliquid. We demonstrate how information on thermodynamic properties may be used\nto calculate quasiparticle scattering amplitudes even when the interaction is\nresonant and apply the results to evaluate the damping of the spin dipole mode.\nWe estimate that under current experimental conditions, the mode would be\nintermediate between the hydrodynamic and collisionless limits."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground state energy of the two-dimensional weakly interacting Bose gas:\n  First correction beyond Bogoliubov theory: We consider the grand potential $\\Omega$ of a two-dimensional weakly\ninteracting homogeneous Bose gas at zero temperature. Building on a\nnumber-conserving Bogoliubov method for a lattice model in the grand canonical\nensemble, we calculate the next order term as compared to the Bogoliubov\nprediction, in a systematic expansion of $\\Omega$ in powers of the parameter\nmeasuring the weakness of the interaction. Our prediction is in very good\nagreement with recent Monte Carlo calculations.",
        "positive": "Extended Kinetic Models with Waiting-Time Distributions: Exact Results: Inspired by the need for effective stochastic models to describe the complex\nbehavior of biological motor proteins that move on linear tracks exact results\nare derived for the velocity and dispersion of simple linear sequential models\n(or one-dimensional random walks) with general waiting-time distributions. The\nconcept of ``mechanicity'' is introduced in order to conveniently quantify\ndepartures from simple ``chemical,'' kinetic rate processes, and its\nsignificance is briefly indicated. The results are extended to more elaborate\nmodels that have finite side-branches and include death processes (to represent\nthe detachment of a motor from the track)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Subdiffusive Activity Spreading in the Diffusive Epidemic Process: The diffusive epidemic process is a paradigmatic example of an absorbing\nstate phase transition in which healthy and infected individuals spread with\ndifferent diffusion constants. Using stochastic activity spreading simulations\nin combination with finite-size scaling analyses we reveal two qualitatively\ndifferent processes that characterize the critical dynamics: subdiffusive\npropagation of infection clusters and diffusive fluctuations in the healthy\npopulation. This suggests the presence of a strong-coupling regime and sheds\nnew light on a longstanding debate about the theoretical classification of the\nsystem.",
        "positive": "Interplay between Mesoscopic and Microscopic Fluctuations in\n  Ferromagnets: A model of a ferromagnet is considered, in which there arise mesoscopic\nfluctuations of paramagnetic phase. The presence of these fluctuations\ndiminishes the magnetization of the ferromagnet, softens the spin-wave\nspectrum, increases the spin-wave attenuation, shortens the magnon free path,\nlowers the critical point, and can change the order of phase transition. A\nspecial attention is paid to the interplay between these mesoscopic\nparamagnetic fluctuations and microscopic fluctuations due to magnons. One of\nthe main results of this interplay is an essential extension of the region of\nparameters where the ferromagnet-paramagnet phase transition is of first order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A dynamical Toric Code model with fusion and de-fusion: We introduce a two-parameter family of perturbations of Kitaev's Toric Code\nModel in which the anyonic excitations acquire an interesting dynamics. We\nstudy the dynamics of this model in the space of states with electric and\nmagnetic charge both equal to 1 and find that the model exhibits both bound\nstates and scattering states in a suitable region of the parameters. The bound\nstate is a Majorana fermion with a dispersion relation of Dirac cone type. For\na certain range of model parameters, we find that these bound states disappear\nin a continuum of scattering states at a critical value of the total momentum.\nThe scattering states describe separate electric and magnetic anyons, which in\nthis model each have a sin k dispersion relation.",
        "positive": "Nonextensive Thermodynamics and Glassy behaviour in Hamiltonian systems: An instructive and apparently simple model of fully-coupled rotators, the\nso-called Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model, together with a generalized\nversion with variable interaction range, have revealed a very complex\nout-of-equilibrium dynamics which can be considered paradigmatic for\nnonextensive systems. In this short paper we illustrate the interesting\nanomalous pre-equilibrium dynamics, focusing on the novel connections to the\ngeneralized nonextensive thermostatistics and the recent links to glassy\nsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling forms for Relaxation Times of the Fiber Bundle model: Using extensive numerical analysis of the Fiber Bundle Model with Equal Load\nSharing dynamics we studied the finite-size scaling forms of the relaxation\ntimes against the deviations of applied load per fiber from the critical point.\nOur most crucial result is we have not found any $\\ln (N)$ dependence of the\naverage relaxation time $\\langle T(\\sigma,N) \\rangle$ in the precritical state.\nThe other results are: (i) The critical load $\\sigma_c(N)$ for the bundle of\nsize $N$ approaches its asymptotic value $\\sigma_c(\\infty)$ as $\\sigma_c(N) =\n\\sigma_c(\\infty) + AN^{-1/\\nu}$. (ii) Right at the critical point the average\nrelaxation time $\\langle T(\\sigma_c(N),N) \\rangle$ scales with the bundle size\n$N$ as: $\\langle T(\\sigma_c(N),N) \\rangle \\sim N^{\\eta}$ and this behavior\nremains valid within a small window of size $|\\Delta \\sigma| \\sim N^{-\\zeta}$\naround the critical point. (iii) When $1/N < |\\Delta \\sigma| < 100N^{-\\zeta}$\nthe finite-size scaling takes the form: $\\langle T(\\sigma,N) \\rangle / N^{\\eta}\n\\sim {\\cal G}[\\{\\sigma_c(N)-\\sigma\\}N^{\\zeta}]$ so that in the limit of $N \\to\n\\infty$ one has $\\langle T(\\sigma) \\rangle \\sim (\\sigma - \\sigma_c)^{-\\tau}$.\n  The high precision of our numerical estimates led us to verify that $\\nu =\n3/2$, conjecture that $\\eta = 1/3$, $\\zeta = 2/3$ and therefore $\\tau = 1/2$.",
        "positive": "Models and average properties of scale-free directed networks: We extend the merging model for undirected networks by Kim et al. [Eur. Phys.\nJ. B 43, 369 (2004)] to directed networks and investigate the emerging\nscale-free networks. Two versions of the directed merging model, friendly and\nhostile merging, give rise to two distinct network types. We uncover that some\nnon-trivial features of these two network types resemble two levels of a\ncertain randomization/non-specificity in the link reshuffling during network\nevolution. Furthermore the same features show up, respectively, in metabolic\nnetworks and transcriptional networks. We introduce measures that single out\nthe distinguishing features between the two prototype networks, as well as\npoint out features which are beyond the prototypes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structural relaxation in Morse clusters: Energy landscapes: We perform a comprehensive survey of the potential energy landscapes of\n13-atom Morse clusters, and describe how they can be characterized and\nvisualized. Our aim is to detail how the global features of the funnel-like\nsurface change with the range of the potential, and to relate these changes to\nthe dynamics of structural relaxation. We find that the landscape becomes\nrougher and less steep as the range of the potential decreases, and that\nrelaxation paths to the global minimum become more complicated.",
        "positive": "Large Deviation Function for a Driven Underdamped Particle in a Periodic\n  Potential: Employing large deviation theory, we explore current fluctuations of\nunderdamped Brownian motion for the paradigmatic example of a single particle\nin a one dimensional periodic potential. Two different approaches to the large\ndeviation function of the particle current are presented. First, we derive an\nexplicit expression for the large deviation functional of the empirical phase\nspace density, which replaces the level 2.5 functional used for overdamped\ndynamics. Using this approach, we obtain several bounds on the large deviation\nfunction of the particle current. We compare these to bounds for overdamped\ndynamics that have recently been derived motivated by the thermodynamic\nuncertainty relation. Second, we provide a method to calculate the large\ndeviation function via the cumulant generating function. We use this method to\nassess the tightness of the bounds in a numerical case study for a cosine\npotential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo test of critical exponents in 3D Heisenberg and Ising models: We have tested the theoretical values of critical exponents, predicted for\nthe three--dimensional Heisenberg model, based on the published Monte Carlo\n(MC) simulation data for the susceptibility. Two different sets of the critical\nexponents have been considered - one provided by the usual (perturbative)\nrenormalization group (RG) theory, and another predicted by grouping of Feynman\ndiagrams in phi^4 model (our theory). The test consists of two steps. First we\ndetermine the critical coupling by fitting the MC data to the theoretical\nexpression, including both confluent and analytical corrections to scaling, the\nvalues of critical exponents being taken from theory. Then we use the obtained\nvalue of critical coupling to test the agreement between theory and MC data at\ncriticality. As a result, we have found that predictions of our theory\n(gamma=19/14, eta=1/10, omega=3/5) are consistent, whereas those of the\nperturbative RG theory (gamma=1.3895, eta=0.0355, omega=0.782) are inconsistent\nwith the MC data. The seemable agreement between the RG prediction for eta and\nMC results at criticality, reported in literature, appears due to slightly\noverestimated value of the critical coupling. Estimation of critical exponents\nof 3D Ising model from complex zeroth of the partition function is discussed. A\nrefined analysis yields the best estimate 1/nu=1.518. We conclude that the\nrecent MC data can be completely explained within our theory (providing\n1/nu=1.5 and omega=0.5) rather than within the conventional RG theory.",
        "positive": "The most effective model for describing the universal behavior of\n  unstable surface growth: We study a noisy Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation which describes unstable\nsurface growth and chemical turbulence. It has been conjectured that the\nuniversal long-wavelength behavior of the equation, which is characterized by\nscale-dependent parameters, is described by a Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ)\nequation. We consider this conjecture by analyzing a renormalization-group\nequation for a class of generalized KPZ equations. We then uniquely determine\nthe parameter values of the KPZ equation that most effectively describes the\nuniversal long-wavelength behavior of the noisy KS equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium dynamics in a three state opinion formation model with\n  stochastic extreme switches: We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of a three state kinetic exchange\nmodel of opinion formation, where switches between extreme states are possible,\ndepending on the value of a parameter $q$. The mean field dynamical equations\nare derived and analysed for any $q$. The fate of the system under the\nevolutionary rules used in \\cite{BCS} shows that it is dependent on the value\nof $q$ and the initial state in general. For $q=1$, which allows the extreme\nswitches maximally, a quasi-conservation in the dynamics is obtained which\nrenders it equivalent to the voter model. For general $q$ values, a \"frozen\"\ndisordered fixed point is obtained which acts as an attractor for all initially\ndisordered states. For other initial states, the order parameter grows with\ntime $t$ as $\\exp[\\alpha(q) t]$ where $\\alpha = \\frac{1-q}{3-q}$ for $q\\neq 1$\nand follows a power law behaviour for $q=1$. Numerical simulations using a\nfully connected agent based model provide additional results like the system\nsize dependence of the exit probability and consensus times that further\naccentuate the different behaviour of the model for $q=1$ and $q\\neq 1$. The\nresults are compared with the non-equilibrium phenomena in other well known\ndynamical systems.",
        "positive": "Jaggedness of Path Integral Trajectories: We define and investigate the properties of the jaggedness of path integral\ntrajectories. The new quantity is shown to be scale invariant and to satisfy a\nself-averaging property. Jaggedness allows for a classification of path\nintegral trajectories according to their relevance. We show that in the\ncontinuum limit the only paths that are not of measure zero are those with\njaggedness 1/2, i.e. belonging to the same equivalence class as random walks.\nThe set of relevant trajectories is thus narrowed down to a specific subset of\nnon-differentiable paths. For numerical calculations, we show that jaggedness\nrepresents an important practical criterion for assessing the quality of\ntrajectory generating algorithms. We illustrate the obtained results with Monte\nCarlo simulations of several different models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of Weighted Networks: We study the statistics of growing networks in which each link carries a\nweight (k_i k_j)^theta, where k_i and k_j are the node degrees at the endpoints\nof link ij. Network growth is governed by preferential attachment in which a\nnewly-added node attaches to a node of degree k with rate A_k=k+lambda. For\ngeneral values of theta and lambda, we compute the total weight of a network as\na function of the number of nodes N and the distribution of link weights.\nGenerically, the total weight grows as N for lambda>theta-1, and super-linearly\notherwise. The link weight distribution is predicted to have a power law form\nthat is modified by a logarithmic correction for the case lambda=0. We also\ndetermine the node strength, defined as the sum of the weights of the links\nthat attach to the node, as function of k. Using known results for degree\ncorrelations, we deduce the scaling of the node strength on k and N.",
        "positive": "Self-gravitating Brownian systems and bacterial populations with two or\n  more types of particles: We study the thermodynamical properties of a self-gravitating gas with two or\nmore types of particles. Using the method of linear series of equilibria, we\ndetermine the structure and stability of statistical equilibrium states in both\nmicrocanonical and canonical ensembles. We show how the critical temperature\n(Jeans instability) and the critical energy (Antonov instability) depend on the\nrelative mass of the particles and on the dimension of space. We then study the\ndynamical evolution of a multi-components gas of self-gravitating Brownian\nparticles in the canonical ensemble. Self-similar solutions describing the\ncollapse below the critical temperature are obtained analytically. We find\nparticle segregation, with the scaling profile of the slowest collapsing\nparticles decaying with a non universal exponent that we compute perturbatively\nin different limits. These results are compared with numerical simulations of\nthe two-species Smoluchowski-Poisson system. Our model of self-attracting\nBrownian particles also describes the chemotactic aggregation of a\nmulti-species system of bacteria in biology."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sufficient condition for gapless spin-boson Lindbladians, and its\n  connection to dissipative time-crystals: We discuss a sufficient condition for gapless excitations in the Lindbladian\nmaster equation for collective spin-boson systems and permutationally invariant\nsystems. The condition relates a nonzero macroscopic cumulant correlation in\nthe steady state to the presence of gapless modes in the Lindbladian. In phases\narising from competing coherent and dissipative Lindbladian terms, we argue\nthat such gapless modes, concomitant with angular momentum conservation, can\nlead to persistent dynamics in the spin observables with the possible formation\nof dissipative time-crystals. We study different models within this\nperspective, from Lindbladians with Hermitian jump operators, to non-Hermitian\nones composed by collective spins and Floquet spin-boson systems. We also\nprovide a simple analytical proof for the exactness of mean-field semiclassical\napproach in such systems based on a cumulant expansion.",
        "positive": "Depletion potentials in highly size-asymmetric binary hard-sphere\n  mixtures: Comparison of accurate simulation results with theory: We report a detailed study, using state-of-the-art simulation and theoretical\nmethods, of the depletion potential between a pair of big hard spheres immersed\nin a reservoir of much smaller hard spheres, the size disparity being measured\nby the ratio of diameters q=\\sigma_s/\\sigma_b. Small particles are treated\ngrand canonically, their influence being parameterized in terms of their\npacking fraction in the reservoir, \\eta_s^r. Two specialized Monte Carlo\nsimulation schemes --the geometrical cluster algorithm, and staged particle\ninsertion-- are deployed to obtain accurate depletion potentials for a number\nof combinations of q\\leq 0.1 and \\eta_s^r. After applying corrections for\nsimulation finite-size effects, the depletion potentials are compared with the\nprediction of new density functional theory (DFT) calculations based on the\ninsertion trick using the Rosenfeld functional and several subsequent\nmodifications. While agreement between the DFT and simulation is generally\ngood, significant discrepancies are evident at the largest reservoir packing\nfraction accessible to our simulation methods, namely \\eta_s^r=0.35. These\ndiscrepancies are, however, small compared to those between simulation and the\nmuch poorer predictions of the Derjaguin approximation at this \\eta_s^r. The\nrecently proposed morphometric approximation performs better than Derjaguin but\nis somewhat poorer than DFT for the size ratios and small sphere packing\nfractions that we consider. The effective potentials from simulation, DFT and\nthe morphometric approximation were used to compute the second virial\ncoefficient B_2 as a function of \\eta_s^r. Comparison of the results enables an\nassessment of the extent to which DFT can be expected to correctly predict the\npropensity towards fluid fluid phase separation in additive binary hard sphere\nmixtures with q\\leq 0.1."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Force measurement in the presence of Brownian noise: Equilibrium\n  distribution method vs. Drift method: The study of microsystems and the development of nanotechnologies require new\ntechniques to measure piconewton and femtonewton forces at microscopic and\nnanoscopic scales. Amongst the challenges, there is the need to deal with the\nineluctable thermal noise, which, in the typical experimental situation of a\nspatial diffusion gradient, causes a spurious drift. This leads to a correction\nterm when forces are estimated from drift measurements [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104,\n170602 (2010)]. Here, we provide a systematic study of such effect comparing\nthe forces acting on various Brownian particles derived from equilibrium\ndistribution and drift measurements. We discuss the physical origin of the\ncorrection term, its dependence on wall distance, particle radius, and its\nrelation to the convention used to solve the respective stochastic integrals.\nSuch correction term becomes more significant for smaller particles and is\npredicted to be in the order of several piconewtons for particles the size of a\nbiomolecule.",
        "positive": "Response time of internauts: A new experiment measuring the dynamical response of the Internet population\nto a ``point-like'' perturbation has been performed. The nature of the\nperturbation was that of an announcement, specifically a web-interview on stock\nmarket crashes, which contained the URL to the author's articles on the\nsubject. It was established that the download rate obeys the relation ~ 1/t in\nqualitative agreement with previously reported results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An anyon model in a toric honeycomb lattice: We study an anyon model in a toric honeycomb lattice. The ground states and\nthe low-lying excitations coincide with those of Kitaev toric code model and\nthen the excitations obey mutual semionic statistics. This model is helpful to\nunderstand the toric code of anyons in a more symmetric way. On the other hand,\nthere is a direct relation between this toric honeycomb model and a boundary\ncoupled Ising chain array in a square lattice via Jordan-Wigner transformation.\nWe discuss the equivalence between these two models in the low-lying sector and\nrealize these anyon excitations in a conventional fermion system.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of the glassy state: effective temperature as an\n  additional system parameter: A system is glassy when the observation time is much smaller than the\nequilibration time. A unifying thermodynamic picture of the glassy state is\npresented. Slow configurational modes are in quasi-equilibrium at an effective\ntemperature. It enters thermodynamic relations with the configurational entropy\nas conjugate variable. Slow fluctuations contribute to susceptibilities via\nquasi-equilibrium relations, while there is also a configurational term.\nFluctuation-dissipation relations also involve the effective temperature.\nFluctuations in the energy are non-universal, however. The picture is supported\nby analytically solving the dynamics of a toy model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enlarged scaling ranges for the KS-entropy and the information dimension: Numerical estimates of the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy based on a finite amount\nof data decay towards zero in the relevant limits. Rewriting differences of\nblock entropies as averages over decay rates, and ignoring all parts of the\nsample where these rates are uncomputable because of the lack of neighbours,\nyields improved entropy estimates. In the same way, the scaling range for\nestimates of the information dimension can be extended considerably. The\nimprovement is demonstrated for experimental data.",
        "positive": "Blind source separation in the presence of weak source: We investigate the information processing of a linear mixture of independent\nsources of different magnitudes. In particular we consider the case where a\nnumber $m$ of the sources can be considered as ``strong'' as compared to the\nother ones, the ``weak'' sources. We find that it is preferable to perform\nblind source separation in the space spanned by the strong sources, and that\nthis can be easily done by first projecting the signal onto the $m$ largest\nprincipal components. We illustrate the analytical results with numerical\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-isothermal fluctuating hydrodynamics and Brownian motion: The classical theory of Brownian dynamics follows from coarse-graining the\nunderlying linearized fluctuating hydrodynamics of the solvent. We extend this\nprocedure to globally non-isothermal conditions, requiring only a local thermal\nequilibration of the solvent. Starting from the conservation laws, we establish\nthe stochastic equations of motion for the fluid momentum fluctuations in the\npresence of a suspended Brownian particle. These are then contracted to the\nnon-isothermal generalized Langevin description of the suspended particle\nalone, for which the coupling to stochastic temperature fluctuations is found\nto be negligible under typical experimental conditions.",
        "positive": "Impact of Anisotropic Exchange on M-H Loops: Application to ECC Media: Micromagnetic simulation results on Co-based recording media are presented\nwhich examine the impact of a modified near-neighbor exchange interaction\nbetween grains of the form Jz(MizMjz), reflecting the hexagonal crystal\nsymmetry. Both out-of-plane and in-plane M-H loops are calculated, with an\nemphasis on a model fit to data reported by Wang et al. [IEEE Trans. Magn. vol.\n43, 682 (2007)] on exchange coupled composite perpendicular media. The\nprinciple effect of Jz is to increase the coercivity and slope of both hard and\nsoft layers. Improved agreement with experimental data for the in-plane loops\nis achieved by assuming a substantial value for Jz. Possibilities for\nmeasurement of Jz through spin-wave excitations are discussed. Thermal\nfluctuation effects are also examined through simulations of the magnetization\nvs temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The process of irreversible nucleation in multilayer growth. I. Failure\n  of the mean-field approach: The formation of stable dimers on top of terraces during epitaxial growth is\ninvestigated in detail. In this paper we focus on mean-field theory, the\nstandard approach to study nucleation. Such theory is shown to be unsuitable\nfor the present problem, because it is equivalent to considering adatoms as\nindependent diffusing particles. This leads to an overestimate of the correct\nnucleation rate by a factor N, which has a direct physical meaning: in average,\na visited lattice site is visited N times by a diffusing adatom. The dependence\nof N on the size of the terrace and on the strength of step-edge barriers is\nderived from well known results for random walks. The spatial distribution of\nnucleation events is shown to be different from the mean-field prediction, for\nthe same physical reason. In the following paper we develop an exact treatment\nof the problem.",
        "positive": "On a microcanonical relation between continuous and discrete spin models: A relation between a class of stationary points of the energy landscape of\ncontinuous spin models on a lattice and the configurations of a Ising model\ndefined on the same lattice suggests an approximate expression for the\nmicrocanonical density of states. Based on this approximation we conjecture\nthat if a O(n) model with ferromagnetic interactions on a lattice has a phase\ntransition, its critical energy density is equal to that of the n = 1 case,\ni.e., a system of Ising spins with the same interactions. The conjecture holds\ntrue in the case of long-range interactions. For nearest-neighbor interactions,\nnumerical results are consistent with the conjecture for n=2 and n=3 in three\ndimensions. For n=2 in two dimensions (XY model) the conjecture yields a\nprediction for the critical energy of the Berezinskij-Kosterlitz-Thouless\ntransition, which would be equal to that of the two-dimensional Ising model. We\ndiscuss available numerical data in this respect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium Microcanonical Annealing for First-Order Phase Transitions: A framework is presented for carrying out simulations of equilibrium systems\nin the microcanonical ensemble using annealing in an energy ceiling. The\nframework encompasses an equilibrium version of simulated annealing, population\nannealing and hybrid algorithms that interpolate between these extremes. These\nequilibrium, microcanonical annealing algorithms are applied to the thermal\nfirst-order transition in the 20-state, two-dimensional Potts model. All of\nthese algorithms are observed to perform well at the first-order transition\nthough for the system sizes studied here, equilibrium simulated annealing is\nmost efficient.",
        "positive": "Diffusion in confined geometries: Diffusive transport of particles or, more generally, small objects is a\nubiquitous feature of physical and chemical reaction systems. In configurations\ncontaining confining walls or constrictions transport is controlled both by the\nfluctuation statistics of the jittering objects and the phase space available\nto their dynamics. Consequently, the study of transport at the macro- and\nnanoscales must address both Brownian motion and entropic effects. With this\nsurvey we report on recent advances in the theoretical and numerical\ninvestigation of stochastic transport occurring either in micro-sized\ngeometries of varying cross section or in narrow channels wherein the diffusing\nparticles are hindered from passing each other (single file diffusion). For\nparticles undergoing biased diffusion in static suspension media enclosed by\nconfining geometries, transport exhibits intriguing features such as (i) a\ndecrease of nonlinear mobility with increasing temperature or, also, (ii) a\nbroad excess peak of the effective diffusion above the free diffusion limit.\nThese paradoxical aspects can be understood in terms of entropic contributions\nresulting from the restricted dynamics in phase space. If, in addition, the\nsuspension medium is subjected to external, time-dependent forcing,\nrectification or segregation of the diffusing Brownian particles becomes\npossible. Likewise, the diffusion in very narrow, spatially modulated channels\ngets modified via contact particle-particle interactions, which induce\nanomalous sub-diffusion. The effective sub-diffusion constant for a driven\nsingle file also develops a resonance-like structure as a function of the\nconfining coupling constant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Proof of the nonintegrability of PXP model and general spin-$1/2$\n  systems: We propose a general framework for proving non-integrability of the quantum\nsystems. For spin-$1/2$ systems, we show that the presence or absence of the\nlocal conserved quantity can be shown using the graph theoretical analysis.\nThis approach helps to systematically classify the number of local conserved\nquantity, as aiding the proof of non-integrability of the Hamiltonian. Using\nthis approach, we prove for the first time that the PXP model is nonintegrable.\nWe also show that our method is applicable to the well-known proof of the\nnon-integrability of other spin-$1/2$ systems. Our new approach offers a\nsignificant simplification of the proof of non-integrability and provides a\ndeeper understanding of quantum dynamics.",
        "positive": "Exact entropy of dimer coverings for a class of lattices in three or\n  more dimensions: We construct a class of lattices in three and higher dimensions for which the\nnumber of dimer coverings can be determined exactly using elementary arguments.\nThese lattices are a generalization of the two-dimensional kagome lattice, and\nthe method also works for graphs without translational symmetry. The partition\nfunction for dimer coverings on these lattices can be determined also for a\nclass of assignments of different activities to different edges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement of low-energy excitations in Conformal Field Theory: In a quantum critical chain, the scaling regime of the energy and momentum of\nthe ground state and low lying excitations are described by conformal field\ntheory (CFT). The same holds true for the von Neumann and Renyi entropies of\nthe ground state, which display a universal logarithmic behaviour depending on\nthe central charge. In this letter we generalize this result to those excited\nstates of the chain that correspond to primary fields in CFT. It is shown that\nthe n-th Renyi entropy is related to a 2n-point correlator of primary fields.\nWe verify this statement for the critical XX and XXZ chains. This result\nuncovers a new link between quantum information theory and CFT.",
        "positive": "What entropy at the edge of chaos?: Numerical experiments support the interesting conjecture that statistical\nmethods be applicable not only to fully-chaotic systems, but also at the edge\nof chaos by using Tsallis' generalizations of the standard exponential and\nentropy. In particular, the entropy increases linearly and the sensitivity to\ninitial conditions grows as a generalized exponential. We show that this\nconjecture has actually a broader validity by using a large class of deformed\nentropies and exponentials and the logistic map as test cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Active Matter Ratchets with an External Drift: When active matter particles such as swimming bacteria are placed in an\nasymmetric array of funnels, it has been shown that a ratchet effect can occur\neven in the absence of an external drive. Here we examine active ratchets for\ntwo dimensional arrays of funnels or L-shapes where there is also an externally\napplied dc drive or drift. We show that for certain conditions, the ratchet\neffect can be strongly enhanced, and that it is possible to have conditions\nunder which run-and-tumble particles with one run length move in the opposite\ndirection from particles with a different run length. For the arrays of\nL-shapes, we find that the application of a drift force can enhance a\ntransverse rectification in the direction perpendicular to the drift. When\nparticle-particle steric interactions are included, we find that the ratchet\neffects can be either enhanced or suppressed depending on barrier geometry,\nparticle run length, and particle density.",
        "positive": "Multifractal Wave Functions of a System with a Monofractal Energy\n  Spectrum: We show the appearance of multifractal wave functions on a one-dimensional\nquasiperiodic system that has a monofractal energy spectrum. Using the Mantica\ntechnique, we construct the model as an inverse problem from the energy\nspectrum of a pure Cantor set. A relation between the critical state and the\ninformation dimension is proved and it is applied to the finite-size\nmultifractal analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficient path sampling on multiple reaction channels: Due to the time scale problem, rare events are not accessible by straight\nforward molecular dynamics. The presence of multiple reaction channels\ncomplicates the problem even further. The feasibility of the standard free\nenergy based methods relies strongly on the success in finding a proper\nreaction coordinate. This can be very difficult task in high-dimensional\ncomplex systems and even more if several distinct reaction channels exist.\nMoreover, even if a proper reaction coordinate can be found, ergodic sampling\nwill be a challenge. In this article, we discuss the recent advancements of\npath sampling methods to tackle this problem. We argue why the path sampling\nmethods, via the transition interface sampling technique, is less sensitive to\nthe choice of reaction coordinate. Moreover, we review a new algorithm,\nparallel path swapping, that can dramatically improve the ergodic sampling of\ntrajectories for the multiple reaction channel systems.",
        "positive": "Finite Size Scaling at the Topological Transition: Bilinear-Biquadratic\n  Spin-1 Chain: We consider a finite size scaling function across a topological phase\ntransition in 1D models. For models of non-interacting fermions it was shown to\nbe universal for all topological symmetry classes and markedly asymmetric\nbetween trivial and topological sides of the transition (Gulden et al 2016).\nHere we verify its universality for the topological transition between\ndimerized and Haldane phases in bilinear-biquadratic spin-1 chain. To this end\nwe perform high-accuracy variational matrix product state simulations. We show\nthat the scaling function, expressed in terms of $L/\\xi$, where $L$ is the\nchain length and $\\xi$ is the correlation length, coincides with that of three\nspecies of non-interacting massive Majorana fermions. The latter is known to be\na proper description of the conformal critical theory with central charge\n$c=3/2$. We have shown that it still holds away from the conformal point,\nincluding the finite size corrections. We have also observed peculiar\ndifferences between even and odd size chains, which may be fully accounted for\nby residual interactions of the edge states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic relaxation in a classical spin chain as model for nanowires: With decreasing particle size, different mechanisms dominate the thermally\nactivated magnetization reversal in ferromagnetic particles. We investigate\nsome of these mechanisms for the case of elongated, single-domain nanoparticles\nwhich we describe by a classical Heisenberg spin chain driven by an external\nmagnetic field. For sufficiently small system size the magnetic moments rotate\ncoherently. With increasing size a crossover to a reversal due to\nsoliton-antisoliton nucleation sets in. For even larger systems many of these\nsoliton-antisoliton pairs nucleate at the same time. These effects give rise to\na complex size dependence of the energy barriers and characteristic time scales\nof the relaxation. We study these quantities using Monte Carlo simulations as\nwell as a direct integration of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation of motion\nwith Langevin dynamics and we compare our results with asymptotic solutions for\nthe escape rate following from the Fokker-Planck equation. Also, we investigate\nthe crossover from coherent rotation to soliton-antisoliton nucleation and\nmulti-droplet nucleation, especially its dependence on the system size, the\nexternal field and the anisotropy of the system.",
        "positive": "Ion-dipole interactions are asymptotically unscreened by water in\n  dipolar nanopores, yielding patterned ion distributions: The permeation, rejection, and transport of electrolytes in water-filled\nnanopores are critical to ion current gating and desalinalion processes in\nsynthetic porous membranes and the functions of biological ion channels. Mile\nthe effects of confinement pore polarizability, and discrete channel charge\nsites have been much studied, the potentially dramatic impact of dipole-lined\nsynthetic pores on electrolytes has seldom been addressed. Dipole layers\nnaturally occur on the interior surfaces of certain nanopores, leading to\nintrinsic preference for cations or anions. This preference can be exploited\nwhen the membrane surface is functionalized differently from the pore interior\nor when there are alternating dipolar/nondipolar stretches inside a long pore.\nThe dipole-ion interaction is asymptotically unscreened by water, leading to\nionic, charge segregated, insulating behavior that can block ion transport, and\npotentially novel current-voltage (I-V) characteristics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of a Levy walk model for anomalous heat transport: The Levy walk model is studied in the context of the anomalous heat\nconduction of one dimensional systems. In this model the heat carriers execute\nLevy-walks instead of normal diffusion as expected in systems where Fourier's\nlaw holds. Here we calculate exactly the average heat current, the large\ndeviation function of its fluctuations and the temperature profile of the\nLevy-walk model maintained in a steady state by contact with two heat baths\n(the open geometry). We find that the current is non-locally connected to the\ntemperature gradient. As observed in recent simulations of mechanical models,\nall the cumulants of the current fluctuations have the same system-size\ndependence in the open geometry. For the ring geometry, we argue that a size\ndependent cut-off time is necessary for the Levy walk model to behave as\nmechanical models. This modification does not affect the results on transport\nin the open geometry for large enough system sizes.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions and Pattern Formation as Consequences\n  of Second Order Thermodynamic Induction: Development of thermodynamic induction up to second order gives a dynamical\nbifurcation for thermodynamic variables and allows for the prediction and\ndetailed explanation of nonequilibrium phase transitions with associated\nspontaneous symmetry breaking. By taking into account nonequilibrium\nfluctuations, long range order is analyzed for possible pattern formation.\nConsolidation of results up to second order produces thermodynamic potentials\nthat are maximized by stationary states of the system of interest. These new\npotentials differ from the traditional thermodynamic potentials. In particular\na generalized entropy is formulated for the system of interest which becomes\nthe traditional entropy when thermodynamic equilibrium is restored. This\ngeneralized entropy is maximized by stationary states under nonequilibrium\nconditions where the standard entropy for the system of interest is not\nmaximized. These new nonequilibrium concepts are incorporated into traditional\nthermodynamics, such as a revised thermodynamic identity, and a revised\ncanonical distribution. Detailed analysis shows that the second law of\nthermodynamics is never violated even during any pattern formation, thus\nsolving the entropic coupling problem.\n  Examples discussed include pattern formation during phase front propagation\nunder nonequilibrium conditions and the formation of Turing patterns. The\npredictions of second order thermodynamic induction are consistent with both\nobservational data in the literature as well as the modeling of this data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Trapped Bose-Einstein condensates at finite temperature: a two-gas model: A simple picture describes the results of recent treatments of\npartially-condensed, dilute, trapped Bose gases at temperature T > 0. The\ncondensate wavefunction is nearly identical to that of a T=0 condensate with\nthe same number of condensate atoms, N_0. The cloud of non-condensed atoms is\ndescribed by the statistical mechanics of an ideal Bose gas in the combined\npotentials of the magnetic trap and the cloud-condensate interaction. We\nprovide a physical motivation for this result, show how it emerges in the\nHartree-Fock-Bogoliubov-Popov approximation, and explore some of its\nimplications for future experiments.",
        "positive": "Numerical Study on Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in a XY Quantum\n  Antiferromagnet on a Finite Triangular Lattice: Motivated by recent experiments that require more complicated macroscopic\nwave functions in the condensed matters, we make numerical study on a XY\nquantum antiferromagnet on a finite triangular lattice using the variational\nMonte Carlo method and the stochastic state selection method. One of our\npurpose is a numerical confirmation on dominance of a Nambu-Goldstone boson in\nlow energy excitation. For another purpose, we calculate energy, an expectation\nvalue of a symmetry breaking operator and structure functions of spin by fixing\na quantum number of the symmetry. These calculations are made for states that\nbecome degenerate in an infinitely large lattice. By numerical calculations we\nconfirm existence of a Nambu-Goldstone boson, and find dependence of a square\nof the quantum number for the above quantities. Using these results we can\ndiscuss on complicated macroscopic wave functions in quantum spin systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The theory of Turing patterns on time varying networks: The process of pattern formation for a multi-species model anchored on a time\nvarying network is studied. A non homogeneous perturbation superposed to an\nhomogeneous stable fixed point can amplify, as follows a novel mechanism of\ninstability, reminiscent of the Turing type, instigated by the network\ndynamics. By properly tuning the frequency of the imposed network evolution,\none can make the examined system behave as its averaged counterpart, over a\nfinite time window. This is the key observation to derive a closed analytical\nprediction for the onset of the instability in the time dependent framework.\nContinuously and piecewise constant periodic time varying networks will be\nanalysed, to set the ground for the proposed approach. The extension to non\nperiodic settings will also be discussed.",
        "positive": "Conformal invariance in driven diffusive systems at high currents: We consider space-time correlations in driven diffusive systems which undergo\na fluctuation into a regime with an atypically large current or dynamical\nactivity. For a single conserved mass we show that the spatio-temporal density\ncorrelations in one space dimension are given by conformally invariant field\ntheories with central charge $c=1$, corresponding to a ballistic universality\nclass with dynamical exponent $z=1$. We derive a phase diagram for atypical\nbehaviour that besides the conformally invariant regime exhibits a regime of\nphase separation for atypically low current or activity. On the phase\ntransition line, corresponding to typical behaviour, the dynamics belongs to\nthe Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class with dynamical exponent $z=3/2$,\nexcept for a diffusive point with $z=2$. We demonstrate the validity of the\ntheory for the one-dimensional asymmetric simple exclusion process with both\nperiodic and open boundaries by exact results for the dynamical structure in\nthe limit of maximal current."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variational principle for the Pareto power law: A mechanism is proposed for the appearance of power law distributions in\nvarious complex systems. It is shown that in a conservative mechanical system\ncomposed of subsystems with different numbers of degrees of freedom a robust\npower-law tail can appear in the equilibrium distribution of energy as a result\nof certain superpositions of the canonical equilibrium energy densities of the\nsubsystems. The derivation only uses a variational principle based on the\nBoltzmann entropy, without assumptions outside the framework of canonical\nequilibrium statistical mechanics. Two examples are discussed, free diffusion\non a complex network and a kinetic model of wealth exchange. The mechanism is\nillustrated in the general case through an exactly solvable mechanical model of\na dimensionally heterogeneous system.",
        "positive": "Threshold for everlasting initial memory in equilibration processes: Conventional wisdom indicates that initial memory should decay away\nexponentially in time for general (noncritial) equilibration processes. In\nparticular, time-integrated quantities such as heat are presumed to lose\ninitial memory in a sufficiently long-time limit. However, we show that the\nlarge deviation function of time-integrated quantities may exhibit initial\nmemory effect even in the infinite-time limit, if the system is initially\nprepared sufficiently far away from equilibrium. For a Brownian particle\ndynamics, as an example, we found a sharp finite threshold rigorously, beyond\nwhich the corresponding large deviation function contains everlasting initial\nmemory. The physical origin for this phenomenon is explored with an intuitive\nargument and also from a toy model analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusional Nucleation of Nanocrystals and Their Self-Assembly into\n  Uniform Colloids: We review theoretical explanation of mechanisms of control of uniformity in\ngrowth of nanosize particles and colloids. The nanoparticles are synthesized as\nnanocrystals, by burst nucleation from solution. The colloids are\nself-assembled by aggregation of these nanocrystals. The two kinetic processes\nare coupled, and both are driven by diffusional transport. The interrelation of\nthe two processes allows for formation of narrow-size-distribution colloid\ndispersions which are of importance in many applications. We review a\nmathematical model of cluster growth by capture of diffusing \"singlets.\" Burst\nnucleation of nanoparticles in solution is then analyzed. Finally, we couple it\nto the secondary process of aggregation of nanoparticles to form colloids. We\naddress aspects of modeling of particle size distribution, as well as other\nproperties.",
        "positive": "Ludwig Boltzmann, Transport Equation and the Second Law: Ludwig Boltzmann had a hunch that irreversibility exhibited by a macroscopic\nsystem arises from the reversible dynamics of its microscopic constituents. He\nderived a nonlinear integro-differential equation - now called the Boltzmann\nequation - for the phase space density of the molecules of a dilute fluid. He\nshowed that the Second law of thermodynamics emerges from Newton's equations of\nmotion. However Boltzmann realized that stosszahlansatz, employed in the\nderivation, smuggles in an element of stochasticity into the transport\nequation. He then proposed a fully stochastic description of entropy which laid\nthe foundation for statistical mechanics. Recent developments, embodied in\ndifferent fluctuation theorems, have shown that Boltzmann's hunch was, in\nessence, correct."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Why are macroscopic experiments reproducible? Imitating the behavior of\n  an ensemble by single pure states: Evidently, physical experiments are practically reproducible even though the\nfully identical preparation of initial state wave functions is often far beyond\nexperimental possibilities. It is thus natural to explore if and in which sense\nspecific, uncontrollable features of initial wave functions are irrelevant for\nthe observable course of an experiment. To this end we define ensembles of pure\nstates which are then shown to generate extremely similar non-equilibrium\ndynamics of the expectation values of practically all standard observables. The\nensembles are constructed to comply with some reduced, coarse a priori\ninformation on the state of the system, like, e.g. a few specific expectation\nvalues, etc. However, different types of ensembles with different additional\nproperties are possible. We discuss some of them.",
        "positive": "Lifetime of small systems controlled by autocatalytic reactions: By using the point model of reaction kinetics we have studied the stochastic\nproperties of the lifetime of small systems controlled by autocatalytic\nreaction A+X -> X+X -> A+X, X -> B. Assuming that a system is living only when\nthe number of autocatalytic particles is larger than zero but smaller than a\npositive integer N, we have calculated the probability of the lifetime provided\nthat the number of substrate particles A is kept constant by a suitable\nreservoir, and the end-products B do not take part in the reaction. We have\nshown that the density function of the lifetime is strongly asymmetric and in\ncertain cases it has a well-defined minimum at the beginning of the process. It\nhas been also proven that the extinction probability of systems of this type is\nexactly 1."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Driven k-mers: Correlations in space and time: Steady state properties of hard objects with exclusion interaction and a\ndriven motion along a one-dimensional periodic lattice are investigated. The\nprocess is a generalization of the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP)\nto particles of length k, and is called the k-ASEP. Here, we analyze both\nstatic and dynamic properties of the k-ASEP. Density correlations are found to\ndisplay interesting features, such as pronounced oscillations in both space and\ntime, as a consequence of the extended length of the particles. At long times,\nthe density autocorrelation decays exponentially in time, except at a special\nk-dependent density when it decays as a power law. In the limit of large k at a\nfinite density of occupied sites, the appropriately scaled system reduces to a\nnonequilibrium generalization of the Tonks gas describing the motion of hard\nrods along a continuous line. This allows us to obtain in a simple way the\nknown two-particle distribution for the Tonks gas. For large but finite k, we\nalso obtain the leading-order correction to the Tonks result.",
        "positive": "The one-dimensional Lennard-Jones system: collective fluctuations and\n  breakdown of hydrodynamics: The dynamical correlations of a model consisting of particles constrained on\nthe line and interacting with a nearest--neighbour Lennard--Jones potential are\ncomputed by molecular--dynamics simulations. A drastic qualitative change of\nthe spectral shape, from a phonon--like to a diffusive form, is observed upon\nreducing the particle density even ad moderate temperatures. The latter\nscenario is due to the spontaneus fragmentation of the crystal--like structure\ninto an ensemble of \"clusters\" colliding among themselves. In both cases, the\nspectral linewidths do not follow the usual q^2 behaviour for small wavenumbers\nq, thus signalling a breakdown of linearized hydrodynamics. This anomaly is\ntraced back by the presence of correlations due to the reduced dimensionality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronized shocks in an inhomogeneous exclusion process: We study an exclusion process with 4 segments, which was recently introduced\nby T Banerjee, N Sarkar and A Basu [J. Stat. Mech. (2015) P01024]. The segments\nhave hopping rates 1, r(<1), 1 and r, respectively. In a certain parameter\nregion, two shocks appear, which are not static but synchronized. We explore\ndynamical properties of each shock and correlation of shocks, by means of the\nso-called second-class particle. The mean-squared displacement of shocks has\nthree diffusive regimes, and the asymptotic diffusion coefficient is different\nfrom the known formula. In some time interval, it also exhibits sub-diffusion,\nbeing proportional to t^{1/2} . Furthermore we introduce a correlation function\nand a crossover time, in order to quantitatively characterize the\nsynchronization. We numerically estimate the dynamical exponent for the\ncrossover time. We also revisit the 2-segment case and the open boundary\ncondition for comparison.",
        "positive": "Onsager coefficients of a Brownian Carnot cycle: We study a Brownian Carnot cycle introduced by T. Schmiedl and U. Seifert\n[Europhys. Lett. \\textbf{81}, 20003 (2008)] from a viewpoint of the linear\nirreversible thermodynamics. By considering the entropy production rate of this\ncycle, we can determine thermodynamic forces and fluxes of the cycle and\ncalculate the Onsager coefficients for general protocols, that is, arbitrary\nschedules to change the potential confining the Brownian particle. We show that\nthese Onsager coefficients contain the information of the protocol shape and\nthey satisfy the tight-coupling condition irrespective of whatever protocol\nshape we choose. These properties may give an explanation why the\nCurzon-Ahlborn efficiency often appears in the finite-time heat engines."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Truncated linear statistics associated with the eigenvalues of random\n  matrices II. Partial sums over proper time delays for chaotic quantum dots: Invariant ensembles of random matrices are characterized by the distribution\nof their eigenvalues $\\{\\lambda_1,\\cdots,\\lambda_N\\}$. We study the\ndistribution of truncated linear statistics of the form $\\tilde{L}=\\sum_{i=1}^p\nf(\\lambda_i)$ with $p<N$. This problem has been considered by us in a previous\npaper when the $p$ eigenvalues are further constrained to be the largest ones\n(or the smallest). In this second paper we consider the same problem without\nthis restriction which leads to a rather different analysis. We introduce a new\nensemble which is related, but not equivalent, to the \"thinned ensembles\"\nintroduced by Bohigas and Pato. This question is motivated by the study of\npartial sums of proper time delays in chaotic quantum dots, which are\ncharacteristic times of the scattering process. Using the Coulomb gas\ntechnique, we derive the large deviation function for $\\tilde{L}$. Large\ndeviations of linear statistics $L=\\sum_{i=1}^N f(\\lambda_i)$ are usually\ndominated by the energy of the Coulomb gas, which scales as $\\sim N^2$,\nimplying that the relative fluctuations are of order $1/N$. For the truncated\nlinear statistics considered here, there is a whole region (including the\ntypical fluctuations region), where the energy of the Coulomb gas is frozen and\nthe large deviation function is purely controlled by an entropic effect.\nBecause the entropy scales as $\\sim N$, the relative fluctuations are of order\n$1/\\sqrt{N}$. Our analysis relies on the mapping on a problem of $p$ fictitious\nnon-interacting fermions in $N$ energy levels, which can exhibit both positive\nand negative effective (absolute) temperatures. We determine the large\ndeviation function characterizing the distribution of the truncated linear\nstatistics, and show that, for the case considered here\n($f(\\lambda)=1/\\lambda$), the corresponding phase diagram is separated in three\ndifferent phases.",
        "positive": "Velocity Distribution in a Viscous Granular Gas: We investigate the velocity relaxation of a viscous one-dimensional granular\ngas, that is, one in which neither energy nor momentum is conserved in a\ncollision. Of interest is the distribution of velocities in the gas as it\ncools, and the time dependence of the relaxation behavior. A Boltzmann equation\nof instantaneous binary collisions leads to a two-peaked distribution with each\npeak relaxing to zero velocity as 1/t while each peak also narrows as 1/t.\nNumerical simulations of grains on a line also lead to a double-peaked\ndistribution that narrows as 1/t. A Maxwell approximation leads to a\nsingle-peaked distribution about zero velocity with power-law wings. This\ndistribution narrows exponentially. In either case, the relaxing distribution\nis not of Maxwell-Boltzmann form."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bose-Einstein-like Condensation due to Diffusivity Edge under Periodic\n  Confinement: A generic class of scalar active matter, characterized at the mean field\nlevel by the diffusivity vanishing above some threshold density, was recently\nintroduced [Golestanian R 2019 Phys. Rev. E 100 010601(R)]. In the presence of\nharmonic confinement, such 'diffusivity edge' was shown to lead to condensation\nin the ground state, with the associated transition exhibiting formal\nsimilarities with Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). In this work, the effect of\na diffusivity edge is addressed in a periodic potential in arbitrary\ndimensions, where the system exhibits coexistence between many condensates.\nUsing a generalized thermodynamic description of the system, it is found that\nthe overall phenomenology of BEC holds even for finite energy barriers\nseparating each neighbouring pair of condensates. Shallow potentials are shown\nto quantitatively affect the transition, and introduce non-universality in the\nvalues of the scaling exponents.",
        "positive": "Sequence complexity and work extraction: We consider a simplified version of a solvable model by Mandal and Jarzynski,\nwhich constructively demonstrates the interplay between work extraction and the\nincrease of the Shannon entropy of an information reservoir which is in contact\nwith the physical system. We extend Mandal and Jarzynski's main findings in\nseveral directions: First, we allow sequences of correlated bits rather than\njust independent bits. Secondly, at least for the case of binary information,\nwe show that, in fact, the Shannon entropy is only one measure of complexity of\nthe information that must increase in order for work to be extracted. The\nextracted work can also be upper bounded in terms of the increase in other\nquantities that measure complexity, like the predictability of future bits from\npast ones. Third, we provide an extension to the case of non-binary information\n(i.e., a larger alphabet), and finally, we extend the scope to the case where\nthe incoming bits (before the interaction) form an individual sequence, rather\nthan a random one. In this case, the entropy before the interaction can be\nreplaced by the Lempel-Ziv (LZ) complexity of the incoming sequence, a fact\nthat gives rise to an entropic meaning of the LZ complexity, not only in\ninformation theory, but also in physics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scale-freeness for networks as a degenerate ground state: A Hamiltonian\n  formulation: The origin of scale-free degree distributions in the context of networks is\naddressed through an analogous non-network model in which the node degree\ncorresponds to the number of balls in a box and the rewiring of links to balls\nmoving between the boxes. A statistical mechanical formulation is presented and\nthe corresponding Hamiltonian is derived. The energy, the entropy, as well as\nthe degree distribution and its fluctuations are investigated at various\ntemperatures. The scale-free distribution is shown to correspond to the\ndegenerate ground state, which has small fluctuations in the degree\ndistribution and yet a large entropy. We suggest an implication of our results\nfrom the viewpoint of the stability in evolution of networks.",
        "positive": "Critical behavior of the two-dimensional icosahedron model: In the context of a discrete analogue of the classical Heisenberg model, we\ninvestigate critical behavior of the icosahedron model, where the interaction\nenergy is defined as the inner product of neighboring vector spins of unit\nlength pointing to vertices of the icosahedron. Effective correlation length\nand magnetization of the model are calculated by means of the corner-transfer\nmatrix renormalization group (CTMRG) method. Scaling analysis with respect to\nthe cutoff dimension $m$ in CTMRG reveals the second-order phase transition\ncharacterized by the exponents $\\nu = 1.62\\pm0.02$ and $\\beta = 0.12\\pm0.01$.\nWe also extract the central charge from the classical analogue of the\nentanglement entropy as $c = 1.90\\pm0.02$, which cannot be explained by the\nminimal series of conformal field theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetical Foundations of Non Conventional Statistics: After considering the kinetical interaction principle (KIP) introduced in\nref. Physica A {\\bf296}, 405 (2001), we study in the Boltzmann picture, the\nevolution equation and the H-theorem for non extensive systems. The\n$q$-kinetics and the $\\kappa$-kinetics are studied in detail starting from the\nmost general non linear Boltzmann equation compatible with the KIP.",
        "positive": "Weighted-density approximation for general nonuniform fluid mixtures: In order to construct a general density-functional theory for nonuniform\nfluid mixtures, we propose an extension to multicomponent systems of the\nweighted-density approximation (WDA) of Curtin and Ashcroft [Phys. Rev. A 32,\n2909 (1985)]. This extension corrects a deficiency in a similar extension\nproposed earlier by Denton and Ashcroft [Phys. Rev. A 42, 7312 (1990)], in that\nthat functional cannot be applied to the multi-component nonuniform fluid\nsystems with spatially varying composition, such as solid-fluid interfaces. As\na test of the accuracy of our new functional, we apply it to the calculation of\nthe freezing phase diagram of a binary hard-sphere fluid, and compare the\nresults to simulation and the Denton-Ashcroft extension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation-powered Information Engines and the Thermodynamics of\n  Self-Correction: Information engines can use structured environments as a resource to generate\nwork by randomizing ordered inputs and leveraging the increased Shannon entropy\nto transfer energy from a thermal reservoir to a work reservoir. We give a\nbroadly applicable expression for the work production of an information engine,\ngenerally modeled as a memoryful channel that communicates inputs to outputs as\nit interacts with an evolving environment. The expression establishes that an\ninformation engine must have more than one memory state in order to leverage\ninput environment correlations. To emphasize this functioning, we designed an\ninformation engine powered solely by temporal correlations and not by\nstatistical biases, as employed by previous engines. Key to this is the\nengine's ability to synchronize---the engine automatically returns to a desired\ndynamical phase when thrown into an unwanted, dissipative phase by corruptions\nin the input---that is, by unanticipated environmental fluctuations. This\nself-correcting mechanism is robust up to a critical level of corruption,\nbeyond which the system fails to act as an engine. We give explicit analytical\nexpressions for both work and critical corruption level and summarize engine\nperformance via a thermodynamic-function phase diagram over engine control\nparameters. The results reveal a new thermodynamic mechanism based on\nnonergodicity that underlies error correction as it operates to support\nresilient engineered and biological systems.",
        "positive": "Stochastic phenomena of synchronization in ensembles of mean-field\n  coupled limit cycle oscillators with two native frequencies: We study effects of independent white noise on synchronization phenomena in\nensembles of coupled limit cycle oscillators with different native frequencies.\nWe consider a simple model where the ensemble consists of two inter-connected\nclusters with own native frequencies and mean-field couplings are introduced\nbetween intra- and inter-clusters. Taking advantage of nonlinear mean-field\ncoupling concept together with the law of large numbers valid in the\nthermodynamic limit, we employ a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation approach that\nturns out to be noise level-free analysis, to analytically derive the time\nevolution of the order parameters. Showing the occurrence of bifurcations from\nchaotic attractors in the deterministic limit to limit cycle ones with\nincreasing noise intensity, we confirm the occurrence of nonequilibrium phase\ntransitions including inter-cluster synchronization induced by external noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Semiclassical Corrections to the Oscillation Frequencies of a Trapped\n  Bose-Enstein Condensate: The oscillation frequencies of collective excitations of a trapped\nBose-Einstein condensate, when calculated in the mean-field approximation and\nin the Thomas-Fermi limit, are independent of the scattering length $a$. We\ncalculate the leading corrections to the frequencies from quantum fluctuations\naround the mean field. The semiclassical correction is proportional to $N^{1/5}\na^{6/5}$, where $N$ is the number of atoms in the condensate. The correction is\npositive semidefinite and is zero for surface modes whose eigenfunctions have a\nvanishing laplacian. The shift in the frequency of the lowest quadrupole mode\nfor an axially symmetric trap is large enough that it should be measurable in\nfuture experiments.",
        "positive": "Persistence of Non-Markovian Gaussian Stationary Processes in Discrete\n  Time: The persistence of a stochastic variable is the probability that it does not\ncross a given level during a fixed time interval. Although persistence is a\nsimple concept to understand, it is in general hard to calculate. Here we\nconsider zero mean Gaussian stationary processes in discrete time $n$. Few\nresults are known for the persistence $P_0(n)$ in discrete time, except the\nlarge time behavior which is characterized by the nontrivial constant $\\theta$\nthrough $P_0(n)\\sim \\theta^n$. Using a modified version of the Independent\nInterval Approximation (IIA) that we developed before, we are able to calculate\n$P_0(n)$ analytically in $z$-transform space in terms of the autocorrelation\nfunction $A(n)$. If $A(n)\\to0$ as $n\\to\\infty$, we extract $\\theta$\nnumerically, while if $A(n)=0$, for finite $n>N$, we find $\\theta$ exactly\n(within the IIA). We apply our results to three special cases: the nearest\nneighbor-correlated \"first order moving average process\" where $A(n)=0$ for $\nn>1$, the double exponential-correlated \"second order autoregressive process\"\nwhere $A(n)=c_1\\lambda_1^n+c_2\\lambda_2^n$, and power law-correlated variables\nwhere $A(n)\\sim n^{-\\mu}$. Apart from the power-law case when $\\mu<5$, we find\nexcellent agreement with simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extrapolating the thermodynamic length with finite-time measurements: The excess work performed in a heat-engine process with given finite\noperation time \\tau is bounded by the thermodynamic length, which measures the\ndistance during the relaxation along a path in the space of the thermodynamic\nstate. Unfortunately, the thermodynamic length, as a guidance for the heat\nengine optimization, is beyond the experimental measurement. We propose to\nmeasure the thermodynamic length \\mathcal{L} through the extrapolation of\nfinite-time measurements\n\\mathcal{L}(\\tau)=\\int_{0}^{\\tau}[P_{\\mathrm{ex}}(t)]^{1/2}dt via the excess\npower P_{\\mathrm{ex}}(t). The current proposal allows to measure the\nthermodynamic length for a single control parameter without requiring extra\neffort to find the optimal control scheme. We illustrate the measurement\nstrategy via examples of the quantum harmonic oscillator with tuning frequency\nand the classical ideal gas with changing volume.",
        "positive": "Duality of critical interfaces in Potts model: numerical check: We report on numerical investigation of fractal properties of critical\ninterfaces in two-dimensional Potts models. Algorithms for finding percolating\ninterfaces of Fortuin-Kasteleyn clusters, their external perimeters and\ninterfaces of spin clusters are presented. Fractal dimensions are measured and\ncompared to exact theoretical predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of the Ashkin-Teller model with a line defect: a\n  Montecarlo study: We study magnetic critical behavior in the Ashkin-Teller model with an\nasymmetric defect line. This system is represented by two Ising lattices of\nspins $\\sigma$ and $\\tau$ interacting through a four-spin coupling $\\epsilon$.\nIn addition, the couplings between $\\sigma$-spins are modified along a\nparticular line, whereas couplings between $\\tau$-spins are kept unaltered.\nThis problem has been previously considered by means of analytical\nfield-theoretical methods and by numerical techniques, with contradictory\nresults. For $\\epsilon > 0$ field-theoretical calculations give a magnetic\ncritical exponent corresponding to $\\sigma$-spins which depends on the defect\nstrength only (it is independent of $\\epsilon$), while $\\tau$-spins\nmagnetization decay with the universal Ising value $1/8$. On the contrary,\nnumerical computations based on density matrix renormalization (DMRG) give, for\n$\\epsilon > 0$ similar scaling behaviors for $\\sigma$ and $\\tau$ spins, which\ndepend on both $\\epsilon$ and defect intensity. In this paper we revisit the\nproblem by performing a direct Montecarlo simulation. Our results are in well\nagreement with DMRG computations. We also discuss some possible sources for the\ndisagreement between numerical and analytical results.",
        "positive": "Unexpected advantages of exploitation for target searches in complex\n  networks: Exploitation universally emerges in various decision-making contexts, e.g.,\nanimals foraging, web surfing, the evolution of scientists' research topics,\nand our daily lives. Despite its ubiquity, exploitation, which refers to the\nbehavior of revisiting previous experiences, has often been considered to delay\nthe search process of finding a target. In this paper, we investigate how\nexploitation affects search performance by applying a non-Markovian random walk\nmodel, where a walker randomly revisits a previously visited node using\nlong-term memory. We analytically study two broad forms of network structures,\nnamely (i) clique-like networks and (ii) lollipop-like networks, and find that\nexploitation can significantly improve search performance in lollipop-like\nnetworks whereas it hinders target search in clique-like networks. Moreover, we\nnumerically verify that exploitation can reduce the time needed to fully\nexplore the underlying networks by using $550$ diverse real-world networks.\nBased on the analytic result, we define the lollipop-likeness of a network and\nobserve a positive relationship between the advantage of exploitation and\nlollipop-likeness."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random Walk over Basins of Attraction to Construct Ising Energy\n  Landscapes: An efficient algorithm is developed to construct disconnectivity graphs by a\nrandom walk over basins of attraction. This algorithm can detect a large number\nof local minima, find energy barriers between them, and estimate local thermal\naverages over each basin of attraction. It is applied to the SK spin glass\nHamiltonian where existing methods have difficulties even for a moderate number\nof spins. Finite-size results are used to make predictions in the thermodynamic\nlimit that match theoretical approximations and recent findings on the free\nenergy landscapes of SK spin glasses.",
        "positive": "First passage time distribution in heterogeneity controlled kinetics:\n  going beyond the mean first passage time: The first passage is a generic concept for quantifying when a random quantity\nsuch as the position of a diffusing molecule or the value of a stock crosses a\npreset threshold (target) for the first time. The last decade saw an\nenlightening series of new results focusing mostly on the so-called mean and\nglobal first passage time (MFPT and GFPT, respectively) of such processes. Here\nwe push the understanding of first passage processes a step further. For a\nsimple heterogeneous system we derive rigorously the complete distribution of\nfirst passage times (FPTs). Our results demonstrate that the typical FPT\nsignificantly differs from the MFPT, which corresponds to the long time\nbehaviour of the FPT distribution. Conversely, the short time behaviour is\nshown to correspond to trajectories connecting directly from the initial value\nto the target. Remarkably, we reveal a previously overlooked third\ncharacteristic time scale of the first passage dynamics mirroring brief\nexcursion away from the target."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stationary State Skewness in KPZ Type Growth: Stationary states in KPZ type growth have interesting short distance\nproperties. We find that typically they are skewed and lack particle-hole\nsymmetry. E.g., hill-tops are typically flatter than valley bottoms, and all\nodd moments of the height distribution function are non-zero. Stationary state\nskewness can be turned on and off in the 1+1 dimensional RSOS model. We\nconstruct the exact stationary state for its master equation in a 4 dimensional\nparameter space. In this state steps are completely uncorrelated. Familiar\nmodels such as the Kim-Kosterlitz model lie outside this space, and their\nstationary states are skewed. We demonstrate using finite size scaling that the\nskewness diverges with systems size, but such that the skewness operator is\nirrelevant in 1+1 dimensions, with an exponent $y_{sk}\\simeq-1$, and that the\nKPZ fixed point lies at zero-skewness.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Adjustment of Propagators in Renormalization Group Flows: A class of continuous renormalization group flows with a dynamical adjustment\nof the propagator is introduced and studied theoretically for fermionic and\nbosonic quantum field theories. The adjustment allows to include self--energy\neffects nontrivially in the denominator of the propagator and to adapt the\nscale decomposition to a moving singularity, and hence to define flows of Fermi\nsurfaces in a natural way. These flows require no counterterms, but the\ncounterterms used in earlier treatments can be constructed using them. The\ninfluence of propagator adjustment on the strong--coupling behaviour of flows\nis examined for a simple example, and some conclusions about the strong\ncoupling behaviour of renormalization group flows are drawn."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jamming and percolation properties of random sequential adsorption with\n  relaxation: The random sequential adsorption (RSA) model is a classical model in\nStatistical Physics for adsorption on two-dimensional surfaces. Objects are\ndeposited sequentially at random and adsorb irreversibly on the landing site,\nprovided that they do not overlap any previously adsorbed object. The kinetics\nof adsorption ceases when no more objects can be adsorbed (jamming state).\nHere, we investigate the role of post-relaxation on the jamming state and\npercolation properties of RSA of dimers on a two-dimensional lattice. We\nconsider that, if the deposited dimer partially overlaps with a previously\nadsorbed one, a sequence of dimer displacements may occur to accommodate the\nnew dimer. The introduction of this simple relaxation dynamics leads to a more\ndense jamming state than the one obtained with RSA without relaxation. We also\nconsider the anisotropic case, where one dimer orientation is favored over the\nother, finding a non-monotonic dependence of the jamming coverage on the\nstrength of anisotropy. We find that the density of adsorbed dimers at which\npercolation occurs is reduced with relaxation, but the value depends on the\nstrength of anisotropy.",
        "positive": "Universal 1/f Noise from Dissipative SOC Models: We introduce a model able to reproduce the main features of 1/f noise:\nhyper-universality (the power-law exponents are independent on the dimension of\nthe system; we show here results in d=1,2) and apparent lack of a low-frequency\ncutoff in the power spectrum. Essential ingredients of this model are an\nactivation-deactivation process and dissipation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium many-body dynamics along a dissipative Hubbard chain:\n  Symmetries and Quantum Monte Carlo simulations: The nonequilibrium dynamics of correlated charge transfer along a\none-dimensional chain in presence of a phonon environment is investigated\nwithin a dissipative Hubbard model. For this generalization of the ubiquitous\nspin-boson model the crucial role of symmetries is analysed in detail and\ncorresponding invariant subspaces are identified. It is shown that the time\nevolution typically occurs in each of the disjunct subspaces independently\nleading e.g. asymptotically to a non-Boltzmann equilibrium state. Based on\nthese findings explicit results are obtained for two interacting electrons by\nmeans of a substantially improved real-time quantum Monte Carlo approach. In\nthe incoherent regime an appropriate mapping of the many-body dynamics onto an\nisomorphic single particle motion allows for an approximate description of the\nnumerical data in terms of rate equations. These results may lead to new\ncontrol schemes of charge transport in tailored quantum systems as e.g.\nmolecular chains or quantum dot arrays.",
        "positive": "Conformal field theory of critical Casimir forces between surfaces with\n  alternating boundary conditions in two dimensions: Systems as diverse as binary mixtures and inclusions in biological membranes,\nand many more, can be described effectively by interacting spins. When the\ncritical fluctuations in these systems are constrained by boundary conditions,\ncritical Casimir forces (CCF) emerge. Here we analyze CCF between boundaries\nwith alternating boundary conditions in two dimensions, employing conformal\nfield theory (CFT). After presenting the concept of boundary changing\noperators, we specifically consider two different boundary configurations for a\nstrip of critical Ising spins: (I) alternating equi-sized domains of up and\ndown spins on both sides of the strip, with a possible lateral shift, and (II)\nalternating domains of up and down spins of different size on one side and\nhomogeneously fixed spins on the other side of the strip. Asymptotic results\nfor the CCF at small and large distances are derived. We introduce a novel\nmodified Szeg\\\"o formula for determinants of real antisymmetric block Toeplitz\nmatrices to obtain the exact CCF and the corresponding scaling functions at all\ndistances. We demonstrate the existence of a surface Renormalization Group flow\nbetween universal force amplitudes of different magnitude and sign. The Casimir\nforce can vanish at a stable equilibrium position that can be controlled by\nparameters of the boundary conditions. Lateral Casimir forces assume a\nuniversal simple cosine form at large separations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Observation of the scissors mode and superfluidity of a trapped\n  Bose-Einstein condensed gas: We report the observation of the scissors mode of a Bose-Einstein condensed\ngas of 87^Rb atoms in a magnetic trap, which gives direct evidence of\nsuperfluidity in this system. The scissors mode of oscillation is excited by a\nsudden rotation of the anisotropic trapping potential. For a gas above T_c\n(normal fluid) we detect the occurrence of oscillations at two frequencies,\nwith the lower frequency corresponding to the rigid body value of the moment of\ninertia. Well below T_c the condensate oscillates at a single frequency,\nwithout damping, as expected for a superfluid.",
        "positive": "Quasiperiodically driven ratchets for cold atoms: We investigate experimentally the route to quasiperiodicity in a driven\nratchet for cold atoms, and examine the relationship between symmetries and\ntransport while approaching the quasiperiodic limit. Depending on the specific\nform of driving, quasiperiodicity results in the complete suppression of\ntransport, or into the restoration of the symmetries which hold for a periodic\ndriving."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Damage spreading in small world Ising models: We study damage-spreading in the ferromagnetic Ising model on small world\nnetworks using Monte Carlo simulation with Glauber dynamics. The damage\nspreading temperature $T_d$ is determined as a function of rewiring probability\n$p$ for small world networks obtained by rewiring the 2D square and 3D cubic\nlattices. We find that the damage for different values of $p$ collapse onto\nmaster curves when plotted against a rescaled temperature and that the distance\nbetween $T_d$ and the critical temperature $T_c$ increases with $p$. We argue\nthat when using the Ising model to study social systems, it is necessary to\nplace the spins on a small world network rather than on a regular lattice.",
        "positive": "Topological defect formation in a phase transition with tunable order: The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) describes the non-equilibrium dynamics and\ntopological defect formation in systems undergoing second-order phase\ntransitions. KZM has found applications in fields such as cosmology and\ncondensed matter physics. However, it is generally not suitable for describing\nfirst-order phase transitions. It has been demonstrated that transitions in\nsystems like superconductors or charged superfluids, typically classified as\nsecond-order, can exhibit weakly first-order characteristics when the influence\nof fluctuations is taken into account. Moreover, the order of the phase\ntransition (i.e., the extent to which it becomes first rather than second\norder) can be tuned. We explore quench-induced formation of topological defects\nin such tunable phase transitions and propose that their density can be\npredicted by combining KZM with nucleation theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theoretical description of effective heat transfer between two viscously\n  coupled beads: We analytically study the role of nonconservative forces, namely viscous\ncouplings, on the statistical properties of the energy flux between two\nBrownian particles kept at different temperatures. From the dynamical model\ndescribing the system, we identify an energy flow that satisfies a fluctuation\ntheorem both in the stationary and in transient states. In particular, for the\nspecific case of a linear nonconservative interaction, we derive an exact\nfluctuation theorem that holds for any measurement time in the transient\nregime, and which involves the energy flux alone. Moreover, in this regime the\nsystem presents an interesting asymmetry between the hot and cold particles.\nThe theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results\nalready presented in our previous article [B{\\'e}rut et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.\n116, 068301 (2016)], where we investigated the thermodynamic properties of two\nBrownian particles, trapped with optical tweezers, interacting through a\ndissipative hydrodynamic coupling.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Transition States: Reaction Geometry amidst Noise: Classical transition state theory (TST) is the cornerstone of reaction rate\ntheory. It postulates a partition of phase space into reactant and product\nregions, which are separated by a dividing surface that reactive trajectories\nmust cross. In order not to overestimate the reaction rate, the dynamics must\nbe free of recrossings of the dividing surface. This no-recrossing rule is\ndifficult (and sometimes impossible) to enforce, however, when a chemical\nreaction takes place in a fluctuating environment such as a liquid.\nHigh-accuracy approximations to the rate are well known when the solvent forces\nare treated using stochastic representations, though again, exact no-recrossing\nsurfaces have not been available. To generalize the exact limit of TST to\nreactive systems driven by noise, we introduce a time-dependent dividing\nsurface that is stochastically moving in phase space such that it is crossed\nonce and only once by each transition path."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Causal diffusions, causal Zeno effect and collision number: We consider diffusion processes with the help of Markov random walk models.\nEspecially the process of diffusion of a relativistic particle in a\nrelativistic equilibrium system is considered. We interpret one of the results\nas causal Zeno effect for its similarity to quantum Zeno effect. Another\nproblem we considered is about collision number. Basing on our numerical\nresults, we propose that in the considered situation the probability density\ndistribution among different collision numbers is a lognormal distribution.",
        "positive": "Ground state of bond-disordered quasi-one-dimensional spin system\n  (CH3)2CHNH3Cu(ClxBr1-x)3 with x = 0, 0.25 and 0.3: The ground state of the quasi-one-dimensional system with bond-disorder\n(CH3)2CHNH3Cu(ClxBr1-x)3 with x = 0, 0.25 and 0.3 has been investigated by\nmuSR. The Fourier spectrum of electron spin fluctuation in x =0.25 and 0.3\nobtained by LF-muSR technique shows that there exists a soft-mode toward a\npossible phase transition to an exotic phase such as Bose-glass. In gapped\nsystem with x = 0, the Fourier spectrum is totally different from the other\ntwo, indicating the existence of the quantum critical point at a finite x\nbetween 0 and 0.25."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density of Partition Function Zeroes and Phase Transition Strength: A new method to extract the density of partition function zeroes (a\ncontinuous function) from their distribution for finite lattices (a discrete\ndata set) is presented. This allows direct determination of the order and\nstrength of phase transitions numerically. Furthermore, it enables efficient\ndistinguishing between first and second order transitions, elucidates crossover\nbetween them and illuminates the origins of finite-size scaling. The efficacy\nof the technique is demonstrated by its application to a number of models in\nthe case of Fisher zeroes and to the XY model in the case of Lee-Yang zeroes.",
        "positive": "Biased Brownian motion in extreme corrugated tubes: Biased Brownian motion of point-size particles in a three-dimensional tube\nwith smoothly varying cross-section is investigated. In the fashion of our\nrecent work [Martens et al., PRE 83,051135] we employ an asymptotic analysis to\nthe stationary probability density in a geometric parameter of the tube\ngeometry. We demonstrate that the leading order term is equivalent to the\nFick-Jacobs approximation. Expression for the higher order corrections to the\nprobability density are derived. Using this expansion orders we obtain that in\nthe diffusion dominated regime the average particle current equals the\nzeroth-order Fick-Jacobs result corrected by a factor including the corrugation\nof the tube geometry. In particular we demonstrate that this estimate is more\naccurate for extreme corrugated geometries compared to the common applied\nmethod using the spatially dependent diffusion coefficient D(x,f). The analytic\nfindings are corroborated with the finite element calculation of a\nsinusoidal-shaped tube."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fidelity susceptibility and Loschmidt echo for generic paths in a three\n  spin interacting transverse Ising model: We study the effect of presence of different types of critical points such as\nordinary critical point, multicritical point and quasicritical point along\ndifferent paths on the Fidelity susceptibility and Loschmidt echo of a three\nspin interacting transverse Ising chain using a method which does not involve\nthe language of tensors. We find that the scaling of fidelity susceptibility\nand Loschmidt echo with the system size at these special critical points of the\nmodel studied, is in agreement with the known results, thus supporting our\nmethod.",
        "positive": "Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Weakly Broken Integrability: Motivated by dynamical experiments on cold atomic gases, we develop a quantum\nkinetic approach to weakly perturbed integrable models out of equilibrium.\nUsing the exact matrix elements of the underlying integrable model we establish\nan analytical approach to real-time dynamics. The method addresses a broad\nrange of timescales, from the intermediate regime of pre-thermalization to\nlate-time thermalization. Predictions are given for the time-evolution of\nphysical quantities, including effective temperatures and thermalization rates.\nThe approach provides conceptual links between perturbed quantum many-body\ndynamics and classical Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) theory. In particular, we\nidentify a family of perturbations which do not cause thermalization in the\nweakly perturbed regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional Fokker-Planck equation from non-singular kernel operators: Fractional diffusion equations imply non-Gaussian distributions that\ngeneralise the standard diffusive process. Recent advances in fractional\ncalculus lead to a class of new fractional operators defined by non-singular\nmemory kernels, differently from the fractional operator defined in the\nliterature. In this work we propose a generalisation of the Fokker-Planck\nequation in terms of a non-singular fractional temporal operator and\nconsidering a non-constant diffusion coefficient. We obtain analytical\nsolutions for the Caputo-Fabrizio and the Atangana-Baleanu fractional kernel\noperators, from which non-Gaussian distributions emerge having a long and short\ntails. In addition, we show that these non-Gaussian distributions are unimodal\nor bimodal according if the diffusion index $\\nu$ is positive or negative\nrespectively, where a diffusion coefficient of the power law type\n$\\mathcal{D}(x)=\\mathcal{D}_0|x|^{\\nu}$ is considered. Thereby, a class of\nanomalous diffusion phenomena connected with fractional derivatives and with a\ndiffusion coefficient of the power law type is presented. The techniques\nemployed in this work open new possibilities for studying memory effects in\ndiffusive contexts.",
        "positive": "Ensemble inequivalence in the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model near a fourth\n  order critical point: The canonical phase diagram of the Blume-Emery-Griffiths (BEG) model with\ninfinite-range interactions is known to exhibit a fourth order critical point\nat some negative value of the bi-quadratic interaction $K<0$. Here we study the\nmicrocanonical phase diagram of this model for $K<0$, extending previous\nstudies which were restricted to positive $K$. A fourth order critical point is\nfound to exist at coupling parameters which are different from those of the\ncanonical ensemble. The microcanonical phase diagram of the model close to the\nfourth order critical point is studied in detail revealing some distinct\nfeatures from the canonical counterpart."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Intermittency at critical transitions and aging dynamics at edge of\n  chaos: We recall that, at both the intermittency transitions and at the Feigenbaum\nattractor in unimodal maps of non-linearity of order $\\zeta >1$, the dynamics\nrigorously obeys the Tsallis statistics. We account for the $q$-indices and the\ngeneralized Lyapunov coefficients $\\lambda_{q}$ that characterize the\nuniversality classes of the pitchfork and tangent bifurcations. We identify the\nMori singularities in the Lyapunov spectrum at the edge of chaos with the\nappearance of a special value for the entropic index $q$. The physical area of\nthe Tsallis statistics is further probed by considering the dynamics near\ncriticality and glass formation in thermal systems. In both cases a close\nconnection is made with states in unimodal maps with vanishing Lyapunov\ncoefficients.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of dipolar-coupled XY moments on disordered square\n  lattices: The effects of dilution disorder and random-displacement disorder are\nanalyzed for dipolar-coupled magnetic moments confined in a plane, which were\noriginally placed on the square lattice. In order to distinguish the different\nphases, new order parameters are derived and parallel tempering Monte Carlo\nsimulations are performed for a truncated dipolar Hamiltonian to obtain the\nphase diagrams for both types of disorder. We find that both dilution disorder\nand random-displacement disorder give similar phase diagrams, namely disorder\nat small enough temperatures favors a so-called microvortex phase. This can be\nunderstood in terms of the flux closure present in dipolar-coupled systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lowering the error floor of Gallager codes: a statistical-mechanical\n  view: The problem of error correction for Gallager's low-density parity-check codes\nis famously equivalent to that of computing marginal Boltzmann probabilities\nfor an Ising-like model with multispin interactions in a non-uniform magnetic\nfield. Since the graph of interactions is locally a tree, the solution is very\nwell approximated by a generalized mean-field (Bethe-Peierls) approximation.\nBelief propagation (BP) and similar iterative algorithms are an efficient way\nto perform the calculation, but they sometimes fail to converge, or converge to\nnon-codewords, giving rise to a non-negligible residual error probability\n(error floor). On the other hand, provably-convergent algorithms are far too\ncomplex to be implemented in a real decoder. In this work we consider the\napplication of the probability-damping technique, which can be regarded either\nas a variant of BP, from which it retains the property of low complexity, or as\nan approximation of a provably-convergent algorithm, from which it is expected\nto inherit better convergence properties. We investigate the algorithm\nbehaviour on a real instance of Gallager code, and compare the results with\nstate-of-the-art algorithms.",
        "positive": "Restart uncertainty relation for monitored quantum dynamics: We introduce a novel time-energy uncertainty relationship within the context\nof restarts in monitored quantum dynamics. Initially, we investigate the\nconcept of ``first hitting time'' in quantum systems using an IBM quantum\ncomputer and a three-site ring graph as our starting point. Previous studies\nhave established that the mean recurrence time, which represents the time taken\nto return to the initial state, is quantized as an integer multiple of the\nsampling time, displaying pointwise discontinuous transitions at resonances.\nOur findings demonstrate that, the natural utilization of the restart mechanism\nin laboratory experiments, driven by finite data collection time spans, leads\nto a broadening effect on the transitions of the mean recurrence time. Our\nnewly proposed uncertainty relation captures the underlying essence of these\nphenomena, by connecting the broadening of the mean hitting time near\nresonances, to the intrinsic energies of the quantum system and to the\nfluctuations of recurrence time. This work not only contributes to our\nunderstanding of fundamental aspects related to quantum measurements and\ndynamics, but also offers practical insights for the design of efficient\nquantum algorithms with mid-circuit measurements."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions of a tethered membrane model with intrinsic curvature\n  on spherical surfaces with point boundaries: We found that the order for the crumpling transition of an intrinsic\ncurvature model changes depending on the distance between two boundary vertices\nfixed on the surface of spherical topology. The model is a curvature one\ngoverned by an intrinsic curvature energy, which is defined on triangulated\nsurfaces. It was already reported that the model undergoes a first-order\ncrumpling transition without the boundary conditions on the surface. However,\nthe dependence of the transition on such boundary condition is yet to be\nstudied. We have studied in this paper this problem by using the Monte Carlo\nsimulations on surfaces up to a size N=8412. The first-order transition changes\nto a second-order one if the distance increases.",
        "positive": "Semi-flexible interacting self-avoiding trails on the square lattice: Self-avoiding walks self-interacting via nearest neighbours (ISAW) and\nself-avoiding trails interacting via multiply-visited sites (ISAT) are two\nmodels of the polymer collapse transition of a polymer in dilute solution. On\nthe square lattice it has been established numerically that the collapse\ntransition of each model lies in a different universality class. It has been\nshown that by adding stiffness to the ISAW model a second low temperature phase\neventuates and a more complicated phase diagram ensues with three types of\ntransition that meet at a multi-critical point. For large enough stiffness the\ncollapse transition becomes first-order. Interestingly, a phase diagram of a\nsimilar structure has been seen to occur in an extended ISAT model on the\ntriangular lattice without stiffness. It is therefore of interest to see the\neffect of adding stiffness to the ISAT model. We have studied by computer\nsimulation a generalised model of self-interacting self-avoiding trails on the\nsquare lattice with a stiffness parameter added. Intriguingly, we find that\nstiffness does not change the order of the collapse transition for ISAT on the\nsquare lattice for a very wide range of stiffness weights. While at the lengths\nconsidered there are clear bimodal distributions for very large stiffness, our\nnumerical evidence strongly suggests that these are simply finite-size effects\nassociated with a crossover to a first-order phase transition at infinite\nstiffness."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium states of generic quantum systems subject to periodic\n  driving: When a closed quantum system is driven periodically with period $T$, it\napproaches a periodic state synchronized with the drive in which any local\nobservable measured stroboscopically approaches a steady value. For integrable\nsystems, the resulting behaviour is captured by a periodic version of a\ngeneralized Gibbs ensemble. By contrast, here we show that for generic\nnon-integrable interacting systems, local observables become independent of the\ninitial state entirely. Essentially, this happens because Floquet eigenstates\nof the driven system at quasienergy $\\omega_\\alpha$ consist of a mixture of the\nexponentially many eigenstates of the undriven Hamiltonian which are thus drawn\nfrom the entire extensive undriven spectrum. This is a form of equilibration\nwhich depends only on the Hilbert space of the undriven system and not on any\ndetails of its Hamiltonian.",
        "positive": "Linearization effect in multifractal analysis: Insights from the Random\n  Energy Model: The analysis of the linearization effect in multifractal analysis, and hence\nof the estimation of moments for multifractal processes, is revisited borrowing\nconcepts from the statistical physics of disordered systems, notably from the\nanalysis of the so-called Random Energy Model. Considering a standard\nmultifractal process (compound Poisson motion), chosen as a simple\nrepresentative example, we show: i) the existence of a critical order $q^*$\nbeyond which moments, though finite, cannot be estimated through empirical\naverages, irrespective of the sample size of the observation; ii) that\nmultifractal exponents necessarily behave linearly in $q$, for $q > q^*$.\nTayloring the analysis conducted for the Random Energy Model to that of\nCompound Poisson motion, we provide explicative and quantitative predictions\nfor the values of $q^*$ and for the slope controlling the linear behavior of\nthe multifractal exponents. These quantities are shown to be related only to\nthe definition of the multifractal process and not to depend on the sample size\nof the observation. Monte-Carlo simulations, conducted over a large number of\nlarge sample size realizations of compound Poisson motion, comfort and extend\nthese analyses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Representation of the nonequilibrium steady-state distribution function\n  for sheared granular systems: We derive the representation of the nonequilibrium steady-state distribution\nfunction which is expressed in terms of the excess free energy production. This\nrepresentation resembles the one derived recently by Komatsu and Nakagawa\n[Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 (2008), 030601] resting on the use of microscopic\ntime-reversal symmetry, but our representation applies also to sheared granular\nsystems in which such a symmetry is broken.",
        "positive": "Quantum quenches from excited states in the Ising chain: We consider the non-equilibrium dynamics after a sudden quench of the\nmagnetic field in the transverse field Ising chain starting from excited states\nof the pre-quench Hamiltonian. We prove that stationary values of local\ncorrelation functions can be described by the generalised Gibbs ensemble (GGE).\nThen we study the full time evolution of the transverse magnetisation by means\nof stationary phase methods. The equal time two-point longitudinal correlation\nfunction is analytically derived for a particular class of excited states for\nquenches within the ferromagnetic phase, and studied numerically in general.\nThe full time dependence of the entanglement entropy of a block of spins is\nalso obtained analytically for the same class of states and for arbitrary\nquenches."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maximum thickness of a two-dimensional trapped Bose system: The trapped Bose system can be regarded as two-dimensional if the thermal\nfluctuation energy is less than the lowest energy in the perpendicular\ndirection. Under this assumption, we derive an expression for the maximum\nthickness of an effective two-dimensional trapped Bose system.",
        "positive": "The ratchet effect and the transporting islands in the chaotic sea: We study directed transport in a classical deterministic dissipative system.\nWe consider the generic case of mixed phase space and show that large ratchet\ncurrents can be generated thanks to the presence, in the Hamiltonian limit, of\ntransporting stability islands embedded in the chaotic sea. Due to the\nsimultaneous presence of chaos and dissipation the stationary value of the\ncurrent is independent of initial conditions, except for initial states with\nvery small measure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Frustration phenomenon in the spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg planar model of\n  inter-connected trigonal bipyramid structures: Ground-state and finite-temperature properties of the exactly solvable mixed\nspin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg planar model composed of identical trigonal\nbipyramids that are arranged into a regular archimedean lattice are examined\nwith the aim to clarify the frustration phenomenon at zero and finite\ntemperatures. It is shown that the ground-state spin frustration persists even\nfar above the second-order phase transition. If the interaction ratio between\nthe Heisenberg and Ising exchange interactions is close enough to the\nground-state boundaries between the neighboring phases, a remarkable\nre-entrance of the (non-)frustrated spin arrangement of the Heisenberg spins\ncan be observed around the critical temperature of the model. It is also\nevidenced that entropy and specific heat show pronounced temperature variations\nnot only around the critical temperature, but also in low-temperature regime if\nvalues of the interaction parameters are taken from neighborhood of the\nground-state phase transitions, where energies of the neighboring phases are\nvery close.",
        "positive": "On correlations and fluctuations of time-averaged densities and currents\n  with general time-dependence: We present technical results required for the description and understanding\nof correlations and fluctuations of the empirical density and current as well\nas diverse time-integrated and time-averaged thermodynamic currents of\ndiffusion processes with a general time dependence on all time scales. In\nparticular, we generalize the results from arXiv:2105.10483 (Phys. Rev. Lett.,\narticle in press), arXiv:2204.06553 (Phys. Rev. Research, article in press),\nand arXiv:2206.04034 to additive functionals with explicit time dependence and\ntransient or non-ergodic overdamped diffusion. As an illustration we apply the\nresults to two-dimensional harmonically confined overdamped diffusion in a\nrotational flow evolving from a non-stationary initial distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy diffusion and absorption in chaotic systems with rapid periodic\n  driving: When a chaotic, ergodic Hamiltonian system with $N$ degrees of freedom is\nsubject to sufficiently rapid periodic driving, its energy evolves diffusively.\nWe derive a Fokker-Planck equation that governs the evolution of the system's\nprobability distribution in energy space, and we provide explicit expressions\nfor the energy drift and diffusion rates. Our analysis suggests that the system\ngenerically relaxes to a long-lived \"prethermal\" state characterized by minimal\nenergy absorption, eventually followed by more rapid heating. When $N\\gg 1$,\nthe system ultimately absorbs energy indefinitely from the drive, or at least\nuntil an infinite temperature state is reached.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram and universality of the Lennard-Jones gas-liquid system: The gas-liquid phase transition of the three-dimensional Lennard-Jones\nparticles system is studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The gas and\nliquid densities in the coexisting state are determined with high accuracy. The\ncritical point is determined by the block density analysis of the Binder\nparameter with the aid of the law of rectilinear diameter. From the critical\nbehavior of the gas-liquid coexsisting density, the critical exponent of the\norder parameter is estimated to be $\\beta = 0.3285(7)$. Surface tension is\nestimated from interface broadening behavior due to capillary waves. From the\ncritical behavior of the surface tension, the critical exponent of the\ncorrelation length is estimated to be $\\nu = 0.63 (4)$. The obtained values of\n$\\beta$ and $\\nu$ are consistent with those of the Ising universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Effects of Multiplicative Feedback on a Noisy System: Intrinsically noisy mechanisms drive most physical, biological and economic\nphenomena, from stock pricing to phenotypic variability. Frequently, the\nsystem's state influences the driving noise intensity, as, for example, the\nactual value of a commodity may alter its volatility or the concentration of\ngene products may regulate their expression. All these phenomena are often\nmodeled using stochastic differential equations (SDEs). However, an SDE is not\nsufficient to fully describe a noisy system with a multiplicative feedback,\nbecause it can be interpreted according to various conventions -- in\nparticular, It\\^{o} calculus and Stratonovitch calculus --, each of which leads\nto a qualitatively different solution. Which convention to adopt must be\ndetermined case by case on the basis of the available experimental data; for\nexample, the SDE describing electrical circuits driven by a noise are known to\nobey Stratonovich calculus. Once such an SDE-convention pair is determined, it\nc an be employed to predict the system's behavior under new conditions. Here,\nwe experimentally demonstrate that the convention for a given physical system\nmay actually vary under varying operational conditions. We show that, under\ncertain conditions, a noisy electric circuit shifts to obey It\\^o calculus,\nwhich may dramatically alter the system's long term stability. We track such\nStratonovich-to-It\\^o transition to the underlying dynamics of the system and,\nin particular, to the ratio between the driving noise correlation time and the\nfeedback delay time. We briefly discuss ramifications of our conclusions for\nbiology and economics: the possibility of similar transitions and their\ndramatic consequences should be recognized and accounted for where SDEs are\nemployed to predict the evolution of complex phenomena.",
        "positive": "One-dimensional non-interacting fermions in harmonic confinement:\n  equilibrium and dynamical properties: We consider a system of one-dimensional non-interacting fermions in external\nharmonic confinement. Using an efficient Green's function method we evaluate\nthe exact profiles and the pair correlation function, showing a direct\nsignature of the Fermi statistics and of the single quantum-level occupancy. We\nalso study the dynamical properties of the gas, obtaining the spectrum both in\nthe collisionless and in the collisional regime. Our results apply as well to\ndescribe a one-dimensional Bose gas with point-like hard-core interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sequential disruption of the shortest path in critical percolation: We investigate the effect of sequentiallydisrupting the shortest path of\npercolation clusters at criticality by comparing it with the shortest\nalternative path. We measure the difference in length and the enclosed area\nbetween the two paths. The sequential approach allows to study spatial\ncorrelations. We find the lengths of the segments of successively constant\ndifferences in length to be uncorrelated. Simultaneously, we study the distance\nbetween red bonds. We find the probability distributions for the enclosed areas\nA, the differences in length $\\Delta l$, and the lengths between the redbonds\n$l_r$ to follow power law distributions. Using maximum likelihood estimation\nand extrapolation we find the exponents $\\beta$ = 1.38 $\\pm$ 0.03 for $\\Delta\nl$, $\\alpha$ = 1.186 $\\pm$ 0.008 for A and $\\delta$ = 1.64 $\\pm$ 0.025 for\nthedistribution of $l_r$.",
        "positive": "On controlling simple dynamics by a disagreement function: We introduce a formula for the disagreement function which is used to control\na recently proposed dynamics of the Ising spin system. This leads to four\ndifferent phases of the Ising spin chain in a zero temperature. One of these\nphases is doubly degenerated (anti- and ferromagnetic states are equally\nprobable). On the borders between the phases two types of transitions are\nobserved: infinite degeneration and instability lines. The relaxation of the\nsystem depends strongly on the phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interference of a Tonks-Girardeau Gas on a Ring: We study the quantum dynamics of a one-dimensional gas of impenetrable bosons\non a ring, and investigate the interference that results when an initially\ntrapped gas localized on one side of the ring is released, split via an\noptical-dipole grating, and recombined on the other side of the ring. Large\nvisibility interference fringes arise when the wavevector of the optical dipole\ngrating is larger than the effective Fermi wavevector of the initial gas.",
        "positive": "Rectification of self-propelled particles by symmetric barriers: The motion of self-propelled particles can be rectified by asymmetric or\nratchet-like periodic patterns in space. Here we show that a non-zero average\ndrift can already be induced in a periodic potential with symmetric barriers\nwhen the self-propulsion velocity is also symmetric and periodically modulated\nbut phase-shifted against the potential. In the adiabatic limit of slow\nrotational diffusion we determine the mean drift analytically and discuss the\ninfluence of temperature. In the presence of asymmetric barriers modulating the\nself-propulsion can largely enhance the mean drift or even reverse it."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo renormalization group study of the Heisenberg and XY\n  antiferromagnet on the stacked triangular lattice and the chiral $\u03c6^4$\n  model: With the help of the improved Monte Carlo renormalization-group scheme, we\nnumerically investigate the renormalization group flow of the antiferromagnetic\nHeisenberg and XY spin model on the stacked triangular lattice (STA-model) and\nits effective Hamiltonian, 2N-component chiral $\\phi^4$ model which is used in\nthe field-theoretical studies. We find that the XY-STA model with the lattice\nsize $126\\times 144 \\times 126$ exhibits clear first-order behavior. We also\nfind that the renormalization-group flow of STA model is well reproduced by the\nchiral $\\phi^4$ model, and that there are no chiral fixed point of\nrenormalization-group flow for N=2 and 3 cases. This result indicates that the\nHeisenberg-STA model also undergoes first-order transition.",
        "positive": "Dynamic structure factor of superfluid He-4 from Quantum Monte Carlo:\n  Maximum Entropy revisited: We use the Maximum Entropy Method (MaxEnt) to estimate the dynamic structure\nfactor of superfluid He-4 at T=1 K, by inverting imaginary-time density\ncorrelation functions computed by a Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulation. Our\nprocedure consists of a Metropolis random walk in the space of all possible\nspectral images, sampled from a probability density which includes the entropic\nprior, in the context of the so-called \"classic\" MaxEnt. Comparison with recent\nwork by other authors shows that, contrary to what is often stated, sharp\nfeatures in the reconstructed image are not \"washed out\" by the entropic prior\nif the underlying QMC data have sufficient accuracy. Only spurious features\nthat tend to appear in a straightforward chi-square minimization are\nsuppressed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spiral model, jamming percolation and glass-jamming transitions: The Spiral Model (SM) corresponds to a new class of kinetically constrained\nmodels introduced in joint works with D.S. Fisher [8,9]. They provide the first\nexample of finite dimensional models with an ideal glass-jamming transition.\nThis is due to an underlying jamming percolation transition which has\nunconventional features: it is discontinuous (i.e. the percolating cluster is\ncompact at the transition) and the typical size of the clusters diverges faster\nthan any power law, leading to a Vogel-Fulcher-like divergence of the\nrelaxation time. Here we present a detailed physical analysis of SM, see [5]\nfor rigorous proofs. We also show that our arguments for SM does not need any\nmodification contrary to recent claims of Jeng and Schwarz [10].",
        "positive": "Models of DNA denaturation dynamics: universal properties: We briefly review some of the models used to describe DNA denaturation\ndynamics, focusing on the value of the dynamical exponent $z$, which governs\nthe scaling of the characteristic time $\\tau\\sim L^z$ as a function of the\nsequence length $L$. The models contain different degrees of simplifications,\nin particular sometimes they do not include a description for helical\nentanglement: we discuss how this aspect influences the value of $z$, which\nranges from $z=0$ to $z \\approx 3.3$. Connections with experiments are also\nmentioned."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Direct calculation of the solid-liquid Gibbs free energy difference in a\n  single equilibrium simulation: Computing phase diagrams of model systems is an essential part of\ncomputational condensed matter physics. In this paper we discuss in detail the\ninterface pinning (IP) method for calculation of the Gibbs free energy\ndifference between a solid and a liquid. This is done in a single equilibrium\nsimulation by applying a harmonic field that biases the system towards\ntwo-phase configurations. The Gibbs free energy difference between the phases\nis determined from the average force that the applied field exerts on the\nsystem. As a test system we study the Lennard-Jones model. It is shown that the\ncoexistence line can be computed efficiently to a high precision when the IP\nmethod is combined with the Newton-Raphson method for finding roots.\nStatistical and systematic errors are investigated. Advantages and drawbacks of\nthe IP method are discussed. The high pressure part of the temperature-density\ncoexistence region is outlined by isomorphs.",
        "positive": "Relaxation times of dissipative many-body quantum systems: We study relaxation times, also called mixing times, of quantum many-body\nsystems described by a Lindblad master equation. We in particular study the\nscaling of the spectral gap with the system length, the so-called dynamical\nexponent, identifying a number of transitions in the scaling. For systems with\nbulk dissipation we generically observe different scaling for small and for\nstrong dissipation strength, with a critical transition strength going to zero\nin the thermodynamic limit. We also study a related phase transition in the\nlargest decay mode. For systems with only boundary dissipation we show a\ngeneric bound that the gap can not be larger than 1/L. In integrable systems\nwith boundary dissipation one typically observes scaling 1/L^3, while in\nchaotic ones one can have faster relaxation with the gap scaling as 1/L and\nthus saturating the generic bound. We also observe transition from exponential\nto algebraic gap in systems with localized modes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal roughening of an SOS-model with elastic interaction: We analyze the effects of a long-ranged step-step interaction on thermal\nroughening within the framework of a solid-on-solid model of a crystal surface\nby means of Monte Carlo simulation. A repulsive step-step interaction is\nmodeled by elastic dipoles located on sites adjacent to the steps. In order to\nreduce the computational effort involved in calculating interaction energy\nbased on long-ranged potentials, we employ a multi-grid scheme. As a result of\nthe long-range character of the step interaction, the roughening temperature\nincreases drastically compared to a system with short-range cutoff as a\nconsequence of anti-correlations between surface defects.",
        "positive": "Dynamical density functional theory for orientable colloids including\n  inertia and hydrodynamic interactions: Over the last few decades, classical density-functional theory (DFT) and its\ndynamic extensions (DDFTs) have become powerful tools in the study of colloidal\nfluids. Recently, previous DDFTs for spherically-symmetric particles have been\ngeneralised to take into account both inertia and hydrodynamic interactions,\ntwo effects which strongly influence non-equilibrium properties. The present\nwork further generalises this framework to systems of anisotropic particles.\nStarting from the Liouville equation and utilising Zwanzig's\nprojection-operator techniques, we derive the kinetic equation for the Brownian\nparticle distribution function, and by averaging over all but one particle, a\nDDFT equation is obtained. Whilst this equation has some similarities with\nDDFTs for spherically-symmetric colloids, it involves a\ntranslational-rotational coupling which affects the diffusivity of the\n(asymmetric) particles. We further show that, in the overdamped (high friction)\nlimit, the DDFT is considerably simplified and is in agreement with a previous\nDDFT for colloids with arbitrary shape particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiplicity of Generation, Selection, and Classification Procedures for\n  Jammed Hard-Particle Packings: Hard-particle packings have served as useful starting points to study the\nstructure of diverse systems such as liquids, living cells, granular media,\nglasses, and amorphous solids. Howard Reiss has played a major role in helping\nto illuminate our understanding of hard-particle systems, which still offer\nscientists many interesting conundrums. Jammed configurations of hard particles\nare of great fundamental and practical interest. What one precisely means by a\n\"jammed\" configuration is quite subtle and considerable ambiguity remains in\nthe literature on this question. We will show that there is a multiplicity of\ngeneration, selection, and classification procedures for jammed configurations\nof identical d-dimensional spheres. We categorize common ordered lattices\naccording to our definitions and discuss implications for random disk and\nsphere packings. We also show how the concept of rigidity percolation (which\nhas been used to understand the mechanical properties of network glasses) can\nbe generalized to further characterize hard-sphere packings.",
        "positive": "Enskog kinetic theory for $d$-dimensional dense granular gases: The goal of this note is to provide most of the technical details involved in\nthe application of the Chapman-Enskog method to solve the revised Enskog\nequation to Navier-Stokes order. Explicit expressions for the transport\ncoefficients and the cooling rate are obtained in terms of the coefficient of\nrestitution and the solid volume fraction by using a new Sonine approach. This\nnew approach consists of replacing, where appropriate in the Chapman-Enskog\nprocedure, the local equilibrium distribution (used in the standard first\nSonine approximation) by the homogeneous cooling state distribution. The\ncalculations are performed in an arbitrary number of dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectra and eigenvectors of scale-free networks: We study the spectra and eigenvectors of the adjacency matrices of scale-free\nnetworks when bi-directional interaction is allowed, so that the adjacency\nmatrix is real and symmetric. The spectral density shows an exponential decay\naround the center, followed by power-law long tails at both spectrum edges. The\nlargest eigenvalue \\lambda_1 depends on system size N as \\lambda_1 \\sim N^{1/4}\nfor large N, and the corresponding eigenfunction is strongly localized at the\nhub, the vertex with largest degree. The component of the normalized\neigenfunction at the hub is of order unity. We also find that the mass gap\nscales as N^{-0.68}.",
        "positive": "Harmonically Trapped Quantum Gases: We solve the problem of a Bose or Fermi gas in $d$-dimensions trapped by $%\n\\delta \\leq d$ mutually perpendicular harmonic oscillator potentials. From the\ngrand potential we derive their thermodynamic functions (internal energy,\nspecific heat, etc.) as well as a generalized density of states. The Bose gas\nexhibits Bose-Einstein condensation at a nonzero critical temperature $T_{c}$\nif and only if $d+\\delta >2$, and a jump in the specific heat at $T_{c}$ if and\nonly if $d+\\delta >4$. Specific heats for both gas types precisely coincide as\nfunctions of temperature when $d+\\delta =2$. The trapped system behaves like an\nideal free quantum gas in $d+\\delta $ dimensions. For $\\delta =0$ we recover\nall known thermodynamic properties of ideal quantum gases in $d$ dimensions,\nwhile in 3D for $\\delta =$ 1, 2 and 3 one simulates behavior reminiscent of\nquantum {\\it wells, wires}and{\\it dots}, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gas-Kinetic-Based Traffic Model Explaining Observed Hysteretic Phase\n  Transition: Recently, hysteretic transitions to `synchronized traffic' with high values\nof both density and traffic flow were observed on German freeways [B. S. Kerner\nand H. Rehborn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4030 (1997)]. We propose a macroscopic\ntraffic model based on a gas-kinetic approach that can explain this phase\ntransition. The results suggest a general mechanism for the formation of\nprobably the most common form of congested traffic.",
        "positive": "Large deviation function and fluctuation theorem for classical particle\n  transport: We analytically evaluate the large deviation function in a simple model of\nclassical particle transfer between two reservoirs. We illustrate how the\nasymptotic large time regime is reached starting from a special propagating\ninitial condition. We show that the steady state fluctuation theorem holds\nprovided that the distribution of the particle number decays faster than an\nexponential, implying analyticity of the generating function and a discrete\nspectrum for its evolution operator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytical procedure to determine the self-referred lacunarity function\n  for simple shapes. Supplementary material: The analytical calculation of the self-referred lacunarity is used as a\nvalidation standard of the computational algorithm. In this supplementary\nmaterial to our article (see cond-mat/0407079) we present a detailed\ncalculation for two simple shapes, namely a square box and a cross.",
        "positive": "Sample complexity of matrix product states at finite temperature: For quantum many-body systems in one dimension, computational complexity\ntheory reveals that the evaluation of ground-state energy remains elusive on\nquantum computers, contrasting the existence of a classical algorithm for\ntemperatures higher than the inverse logarithm of the system size. This\nhighlights a qualitative difference between low- and high-temperature states in\nterms of computational complexity. Here, we describe finite-temperature states\nusing the matrix product state formalism. Within the framework of random\nsamplings, we derive an analytical formula for the required number of samples,\nwhich provides both quantitative and qualitative measures of computational\ncomplexity. At high and low temperatures, its scaling behavior with system size\nis linear and quadratic, respectively, demonstrating a distinct crossover\nbetween these numerically difficult regimes of quantitative difference."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Baryon masses in the three-state Potts field theory in a weak magnetic\n  field: The 3-state Potts field theory describes the scaling limit of the 3-state\nPotts model on the two-dimensional lattice near its continuous phase transition\npoint. In the presence of thermal and magnetic field perturbations, the 3-state\nPotts field theory in the ordered phase exhibits confinement of kinks, which\nallows both mesons and baryons. We calculate the masses of light baryons in\nthis model in the weak confinement regime in leading order of the small\nmagnetic field. In leading order of perturbation theory, the light baryons can\nbe viewed as bound states of three quantum particles - the kinks, which move on\na line and interact via a linear potential. We determine the masses of the\nlightest baryons by numerical solution of the associated non-relativistic\none-dimensional quantum three-body problem.",
        "positive": "Work statistics, irreversible heat and correlations build-up in joining\n  two spin chains: We investigate the influences of quantum many-body effects, such as\ncriticality and the existence of factorisation fields, in the thermodynamic\ncost of establishing a bonding link between two independent quantum spin\nchains. We provide a physical interpretation of the behavior of irreversible\nwork spent in such process by linking the phenomenology of such quantities to\nthe properties of the spectrum of the system"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Drip Paintings and Fractal Analysis\", arXiv:0710.4917v2, by\n  K. Jones-Smith, H. Mathur and L.M. Krauss: In a recent manuscript (arXiv:0710.4917v2), Jones-Smith et al. attempt to use\nthe well-established box-counting technique for fractal analysis to\n\"demonstrate conclusively that fractal criteria are not useful for\nauthentication\". Here, in response to what we view to be an extremely\nsimplistic misrepresentation of our earlier work by Jones-Smith et al., we\nreiterate our position regarding the potential of fractal analysis for artwork\nauthentication. We also point out some of the flaws in the analysis presented\nin by Jones-Smith et al.",
        "positive": "Caloric curves fitted by polytropic distributions in the HMF model: We perform direct numerical simulations of the HMF model starting from\nnon-magnetized initial conditions with a velocity distribution that is (i)\ngaussian, (ii) semi-elliptical, and (iii) waterbag. Below a critical energy\nE_c, depending on the initial condition, this distribution is Vlasov\ndynamically unstable. The system undergoes a process of violent relaxation and\nquickly reaches a quasi-stationary state (QSS). We find that the distribution\nfunction of this QSS can be conveniently fitted by a polytrope with index (i)\nn=2, (ii) n=1, and (iii) n=1/2. Using the values of these indices, we are able\nto determine the physical caloric curve T_{kin}(E) and explain the negative\nkinetic specific heat region C_{kin}=dE/dT_{kin}<0 observed in the numerical\nsimulations. At low energies, we find that the system takes a \"core-halo\"\nstructure. The core corresponds to the pure polytrope discussed above but it is\nnow surrounded by a halo of particles. We also consider unsteady initial\nconditions with magnetization M_0=1 and isotropic waterbag distribution and\nreport the complex dynamics of the system creating phase space holes and dense\nfilaments. We show that the kinetic caloric curve is approximately constant,\ncorresponding to a polytrope with index n_0= 3.56. Finally, we consider the\ncollisional evolution of an initially Vlasov stable distribution, and show that\nthe time-evolving distribution function f(v,t) can be fitted by a sequence of\npolytropic distributions with a time-dependent index n(t) both in the\nnon-magnetized and magnetized regimes. These numerical results show that\npolytropic distributions (also called Tsallis distributions) provide in many\ncases a good fit of the QSSs. However, in order to moderate our message, we\nalso report a case where the Lynden-Bell theory provides an excellent\nprediction of an inhomogeneous QSS."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Applications of Classical and Quantum Algebras to Molecular\n  Thermodynamics: Lie-algebraic and quantum-algebraic techniques are used in the analysis of\nthermodynamic properties of molecules and solids. The local anharmonic effects\nare described by a Morse-like potential associated with the $su(2)$ algebra. A\nvibrational high-temperature partition function and the related thermodynamic\npotentials are derived in terms of the parameters of the model. Quantum\nanalogues of anharmonic bosons, $q$-bosons, are introduced and used to describe\nanharmonic properties of molecules and solids. It is shown that the quantum\ndeformation parameter is related to the fixed number of anharmonic bosons and\nthe shape of the anharmonic potential. A new algebraic realization of the\n$q$-bosons, for the case of $q$ being a root of unity is given. This\nrealization represents the symmetry of a linear lattice with periodic boundary\nconditions.",
        "positive": "Machine Learning Renormalization Group for Statistical Physics: We develop a Machine-Learning Renormalization Group (MLRG) algorithm to\nexplore and analyze many-body lattice models in statistical physics. Using the\nrepresentation learning capability of generative modeling, MLRG automatically\nlearns the optimal renormalization group (RG) transformations from\nself-generated spin configurations and formulates RG equations without human\nsupervision. The algorithm does not focus on simulating any particular lattice\nmodel but broadly explores all possible models compatible with the internal and\nlattice symmetries given the on-site symmetry representation. It can uncover\nthe RG monotone that governs the RG flow, assuming a strong form of the\n$c$-theorem. This enables several downstream tasks, including unsupervised\nclassification of phases, automatic location of phase transitions or critical\npoints, controlled estimation of critical exponents and operator scaling\ndimensions. We demonstrate the MLRG method in two-dimensional lattice models\nwith Ising symmetry and show that the algorithm correctly identifies and\ncharacterizes the Ising criticality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Return probability after a quench from a domain wall initial state in\n  the spin-1/2 XXZ chain: We study the return probability and its imaginary ($\\tau$) time continuation\nafter a quench from a domain wall initial state in the XXZ spin chain, focusing\nmainly on the region with anisotropy $|\\Delta|< 1$. We establish exact Fredholm\ndeterminant formulas for those, by exploiting a connection to the six vertex\nmodel with domain wall boundary conditions. In imaginary time, we find the\nexpected scaling for a partition function of a statistical mechanical model of\narea proportional to $\\tau^2$, which reflects the fact that the model exhibits\nthe limit shape phenomenon. In real time, we observe that in the region\n$|\\Delta|<1$ the decay for large times $t$ is nowhere continuous as a function\nof anisotropy: it is either gaussian at root of unity or exponential otherwise.\nAs an aside, we also determine that the front moves as $x_{\\rm\nf}(t)=t\\sqrt{1-\\Delta^2}$, by analytic continuation of known arctic curves in\nthe six vertex model. Exactly at $|\\Delta|=1$, we find the return probability\ndecays as $e^{-\\zeta(3/2) \\sqrt{t/\\pi}}t^{1/2}O(1)$. It is argued that this\nresult provides an upper bound on spin transport. In particular, it suggests\nthat transport should be diffusive at the isotropic point for this quench.",
        "positive": "Bose Condensates in TOP Traps Exhibit Circulating Superfluid Flows: For spin one atoms localized in a quadrapole magnetic field gradient, the\natoms may be impeded from spin flipping their way out from the center of the\ntrap by the application of a rotating uniform magnetic field. From a quantum\nmechanical viewpoint, such a trap for a Bose condensate is equivalent to having\na superfluid in a rotating bucket. Vorticity is then expected to be induced in\nthe condensate fluid flow without the application of any further external\nperturbations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Note on Lars Onsager and the Partition Functions of Cubic Lattice\n  Models: An $n$-dimensional generalization of the Onsager Ising partition function\nintegral is reduced to a single integral and applied to evaluate the partition\nfunction and residual entropy of an eight vertex model.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of the repulsive Blume-Emery-Griffiths model in the\n  presence of external magnetic field on a complete graph: For the repulsive Blume-Emery-Griffiths model the phase diagram in the space\nof three fields, temperature (T), crystal field ($\\Delta$), and magnetic field\n(H), is computed on a complete graph, in the canonical and microcanonical\nensembles. For weak strength of the biquadratic interaction (K), there exists a\ntricritical point in the phase diagram where three critical lines meet. As K\ndecreases below a threshold value(which is ensemble dependent), new\nmulticritical points like the critical end point and bicritical end point arise\nin the (T,$\\Delta$) plane. For K>-1, we observe that the two critical lines in\nthe H plane and the multicritical points are different in the two ensembles. At\nK=-1, the two critical lines in the H plane disappear and as K decreases\nfurther, there is no phase transition in the H plane. Exactly at K=-1 the two\nensembles become equivalent. Beyond that for all K<-1, there are no\nmulticritical points and there is no ensemble inequivalence in the phase\ndiagram. We also study the transition lines in the H plane for positive K i.e.\nfor attractive biquadratic interaction. We find that the transition lines in\nthe H plane are not monotonic in temperature for large positive K."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal entanglement in the mixed three spin XXZ Heisenberg Model on a\n  triangular cell: We numerically investigate thermal entanglement of the spins (1/2,1) and\n(1/2,1/2) in the three-mixed (1/2,1,1/2) anisotropic Heisenberg XXZ spin system\non a simple triangular cell under an inhomogeneous magnetic field. We show that\nthe external magnetic field induces strong plateau formation in pairwise\nthermal entanglement for fixed parameters of Hamiltonian in the case of the\nferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic interactions. We also observe an\nunexpected critical point at finite temperature in the thermal entanglement of\nthe spins (1/2,1) for antiferromagnetic case while the entanglement of the\nspins (1/2,1) for ferromagnetic case and the entanglement of the spins\n(1/2,1/2) for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic cases almost decays\nexponentially to zero with increasing temperature. The critical point in\nentanglement of the spins (1/2,1) for antiferromagnetic case may be signature\nof the quantum phase transition at finite temperature.",
        "positive": "Energy Transport in Weakly Anharmonic Chains: We investigate the energy transport in a one-dimensional lattice of\noscillators with a harmonic nearest neighbor coupling and a harmonic plus\nquartic on-site potential. As numerically observed for particular coupling\nparameters before, and confirmed by our study, such chains satisfy Fourier's\nlaw: a chain of length N coupled to thermal reservoirs at both ends has an\naverage steady state energy current proportional to 1/N. On the theoretical\nlevel we employ the Peierls transport equation for phonons and note that beyond\na mere exchange of labels it admits nondegenerate phonon collisions. These\ncollisions are responsible for a finite heat conductivity. The predictions of\nkinetic theory are compared with molecular dynamics simulations. In the range\nof weak anharmonicity, respectively low temperatures, reasonable agreement is\nobserved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On entropy production in nonequilibrium systems: In this paper we discuss the meaning of the Schnakenberg formula for entropy\nproduction in non-equilibrium systems. To this end we consider a\nnon-equilibrium system as part of a larger isolated system which includes the\nenvironment. We prove that the Schnakenberg formula provides only a lower bound\nto the actual entropy production in the environment. This is also demonstrated\nin the simplest example of a three-state clock model.",
        "positive": "Long-term Relaxation of a Composite System in Partial Contact with a\n  Heat Bath: We study relaxational behavior from a highly excited state for a composite\nsystem in partial contact with a heat bath, motivated by an experimental report\nof long-term energy storage in protein molecules. The system consists of two\ncoupled elements: The first element is in direct contact with a heat bath,\nwhile the second element interacts only with the first element. Due to this\nindirect contact with the heat bath, energy injected into the second element\ndissipates very slowly, according to a power law, whereas that injected into\nthe first one exhibits exponential dissipation. The relaxation equation\ndescribing this dissipation is obtained analytically for both the underdamped\nand overdamped limits. Numerical confirmation is given for both cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "3D Tensor Renormalisation Group at High Temperatures: Building upon previous $2D$ studies, this research focuses on describing $3D$\ntensor renormalisation group (RG) flows for lattice spin systems, such as the\nIsing model. We present a novel RG map, which operates on tensors with\ninfinite-dimensional legs and does not involve truncations, in contrast to\nnumerical tensor RG maps. To construct this map, we developed new techniques\nfor analysing tensor networks. Our analysis shows that the constructed RG map\ncontracts the region around the tensor $A_*$, corresponding to the\nhigh-temperature phase of the $3D$ Ising model. This leads to the iterated RG\nmap convergence in the Hilbert-Schmidt norm to $A_*$ when initialised in the\nvicinity of $A_*$. This work provides the first steps towards the rigorous\nunderstanding of tensor RG maps in $3D$.",
        "positive": "Non-Gaussian PDFs from Maximum-Entropy-principle considerations: In this work we develop on the recently suggested concept of superstatistics\n[C. Beck and E.G.D. Cohen, Physica A {\\bf 322}, 267 (2003)], face the problem\nof devising a viable way for estimating the correct statistics for a system in\nabsence of sufficient knowledge of its microscopical dynamics, and suggest to\nsolve it through the Maximum Entropy Principle. As an example, we deduce the\nProbability Distribution Function for velocity fluctuations in turbulent\nfluids, which is slightly different from the form suggested in [C. Beck, Phys.\nRev. Lett. {\\bf 87}, 180601 (2001)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Disease Spreading in Structured Scale-Free Networks: We study the spreading of a disease on top of structured scale-free networks\nrecently introduced. By means of numerical simulations we analyze the SIS and\nthe SIR models. Our results show that when the connectivity fluctuations of the\nnetwork are unbounded whether the epidemic threshold exists strongly depends on\nthe initial density of infected individuals and the type of epidemiological\nmodel considered. Analytical arguments are provided in order to account for the\nobserved behavior. We conclude that the peculiar topological features of this\nnetwork and the absence of small-world properties determine the dynamics of\nepidemic spreading.",
        "positive": "Modification of scattering lengths via magnetic dipole-dipole\n  interactions: We propose a new mechanism for tuning an atomic s-wave scattering length. The\neffect is caused by virtual transitions between different Zeeman sublevels via\nmagnetic dipole-dipole interactions. These transitions give rise to an\neffective potential, which, in contrast to standard magnetic interactions, has\nan isotropic component and thus affects s-wave collisions. Our numerical\nanalysis shows that for chromium-50 the scattering length can be modified up to\n15 %."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One-dimensional long-range percolation: a numerical study: In this paper we study bond percolation on a one-dimensional chain with\npower-law bond probability $C/ r^{1+\\sigma}$, where $r$ is the distance length\nbetween distinct sites. We introduce and test an order $N$ Monte Carlo\nalgorithm and we determine as a function of $\\sigma$ the critical value $C_{c}$\nat which percolation occurs. The critical exponents in the range $0<\\sigma<1$\nare reported and compared with mean-field and $\\varepsilon$-expansion results.\nOur analysis is in agreement, up to a numerical precision $\\approx 10^{-3}$,\nwith the mean field result for the anomalous dimension $\\eta=2-\\sigma$, showing\nthat there is no correction to $\\eta$ due to correlation effects.",
        "positive": "Critical indices from self-similar root approximants: The method of self-similar root approximants has earlier been shown to\nprovide accurate interpolating formulas for functions for which small-variable\nexpansions are given and the behaviour of the functions at large variables is\nknown. Now this method is generalized for the purpose of extrapolating\nsmall-variable expansions to the region of finite and large variables, where\nthe sought function exhibits critical behaviour. The procedure of calculating\ncritical indices is formulated and illustrated by a variety of physical\nproblems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unconventional thermal and magnetic-field-driven changes of a bipartite\n  entanglement of a mixed spin-(1/2,$S$) Heisenberg dimer with an uniaxial\n  single-ion anisotropy: The concept of negativity is adapted in order to explore the quantum and\nthermal entanglement of the mixed spin-(1/2,$S$) Heisenberg dimers in presence\nof an external magnetic field. The mutual interplay between the spin size $S$,\nXXZ exchange and uniaxial single-ion anisotropy is thoroughly examined with a\ngoal to tune the degree and thermal stability of the pairwise entanglement. It\nturns out that the antiferromagnetic spin-(1/2,$S$) Heisenberg dimers exhibit\nhigher degree of entanglement and higher threshold temperature in comparison\nwith their ferromagnetic counterparts when assuming the same set of model\nparameters. The increasing spin magnitude $S$ accompanied with an easy-plane\nuniaxial single-ion anisotropy can enhance not only the thermal stability but\nsimultaneously the degree of entanglement. It is additionally shown that the\nfurther enhancement of a bipartite entanglement can be achieved in the mixed\nspin-(1/2,$S$) Heisenberg dimers, involving half-odd-integer spins $S$. Under\nthis condition the thermal negativity saturates at low-enough temperatures in\nits maximal value regardless of the magnitude of half-odd-integer spin $S$. The\nmagnetic field induces consecutive discontinuous phase transitions in the mixed\nspin-(1/2,$S$) Heisenberg dimers with $S\\!>\\!1$, which are manifested in a\nsurprising oscillating magnetic-field dependence of the negativity observed at\nlow enough temperature.",
        "positive": "Extreme Current Fluctuations in a Nonstationary Stochastic Heat Flow: We employ the Hamiltonian formalism of macroscopic fluctuation theory to\nstudy large deviations of integrated current in the Kipnis-Marchioro-Presutti\n(KMP) model of stochastic hear flow when starting from a step-like initial\ncondition. The KMP model belongs to the hyperbolic universality class where\ndiffusion remains relevant no matter how large the fluctuating current is. The\nextreme current statistics for the KMP model turns out to be sub-Gaussian, as\ndistinguished from the super-Gaussian statistics found for the Symmetric Simple\nExclusion Process and other models of the elliptic class. The most probable\ntime history of the system, which dominates the extreme current statistics of\nthe KMP model, involves two large-amplitude solitary pulses: of the energy\ndensity field and of the conjugate \"momentum\" field. The coupled pulses\npropagate with a constant speed, but their amplitudes slowly grow with time, as\nthe energy density pulse collects most of the available energy on its way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Beyond Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics: Maximum entropy hyperensembles\n  out-of-equilibrium: What is the best description that we can construct of a thermodynamic system\nthat is not in equilibrium, given only one, or a few, extra parameters over and\nabove those needed for a description of the same system at equilibrium? Here,\nwe argue the most appropriate additional parameter is the non-equilibrium\nentropy of the system, and that we should not attempt to estimate the\nprobability distribution of the system, but rather the metaprobability (or\nhyperensemble) that the system is described by a particular probability\ndistribution. The result is an entropic distribution with two parameters, one a\nnon-equilibrium temperature, and the other a measure of distance from\nequilibrium. This dispersion parameter smoothly interpolates between certainty\nof a canonical distribution at equilibrium and great uncertainty as to the\nprobability distribution as we move away from equilibrium. We deduce that, in\ngeneral, large, rare fluctuations become far more common as we move away from\nequilibrium.",
        "positive": "From collective periodic running states to completely chaotic\n  synchronised states in coupled particle dynamics: We consider the damped and driven dynamics of two interacting particles\nevolving in a symmetric and spatially periodic potential. The latter is exerted\nto a time-periodic modulation of its inclination. Our interest is twofold:\nFirstly we deal with the issue of chaotic motion in the higher-dimensional\nphase space. To this end a homoclinic Melnikov analysis is utilised assuring\nthe presence of transverse homoclinic orbits and homoclinic bifurcations for\nweak coupling allowing also for the emergence of hyperchaos. In contrast, we\nalso prove that the time evolution of the two coupled particles attains a\ncompletely synchronised (chaotic) state for strong enough coupling between\nthem. The resulting `freezing of dimensionality' rules out the occurrence of\nhyperchaos. Secondly we address coherent collective particle transport provided\nby regular periodic motion. A subharmonic Melnikov analysis is utilised to\ninvestigate persistence of periodic orbits. For directed particle transport\nmediated by rotating periodic motion we present exact results regarding the\ncollective character of the running solutions entailing the emergence of a\ncurrent. We show that coordinated energy exchange between the particles takes\nplace in such a manner that they are enabled to overcome - one particle\nfollowed by the other - consecutive barriers of the periodic potential\nresulting in collective directed motion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarsening Dynamics of an Antiferromagnetic XY model on the Kagome\n  Lattice: Breakdown of the Critical Dynamic Scaling: We find a breakdown of the critical dynamic scaling in the coarsening\ndynamics of an antiferromagnetic {\\em XY} model on the kagome lattice when the\nsystem is quenched from disordered states into the Kosterlitz-Thouless ({\\em\nKT}) phases at low temperatures. There exist multiple growing length scales:\nthe length scales of the average separation between fractional vortices are\nfound to be {\\em not} proportional to the length scales of the quasi-ordered\ndomains. They are instead related through a nontrivial power-law relation. The\nlength scale of the quasi-ordered domains (as determined from optimal collapse\nof the correlation functions for the order parameter $\\exp[3 i \\theta (r)]$)\ndoes not follow a simple power law growth but exhibits an anomalous growth with\ntime-dependent effective growth exponent. The breakdown of the critical dynamic\nscaling is accompanied by unusual relaxation dynamics in the decay of\nfractional ($3\\theta$) vortices, where the decay of the vortex numbers is\ncharacterized by an exponential function of logarithmic powers in time.",
        "positive": "Extinction transitions in correlated external noise: We analyze the influence of long-range correlated (colored) external noise on\nextinction phase transitions in growth and spreading processes. Uncorrelated\nenvironmental noise (i.e., temporal disorder) was recently shown to give rise\nto an unusual infinite-noise critical point [Europhys. Lett. 112, 30002\n(2015)]. It is characterized by enormous density fluctuations that increase\nwithout limit at criticality. As a result, a typical population decays much\nfaster than the ensemble average which is dominated by rare events. Using the\nlogistic evolution equation as an example, we show here that positively\ncorrelated (red) environmental noise further enhances these effects. This\nmeans, the correlations accelerate the decay of a typical population but slow\ndown the decay of the ensemble average. Moreover, the mean time to extinction\nof a population in the active, surviving phase grows slower than a power law\nwith population size. To determine the complete critical behavior of the\nextinction transition, we establish a relation to fractional random walks, and\nwe perform extensive Monte-Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Synchronization of non-Abelian Oscillators on Small-World Networks: In this paper, by extending the concept of Kuramoto oscillator to the\nleft-invariant flow on general Lie group, we investigate the generalized phase\nsynchronization on networks. The analyses and simulations of some typical\ndynamical systems on Watts-Strogatz networks are given, including the\n$n$-dimensional torus, the identity component of 3-dimensional general linear\ngroup, the special unitary group, and the special orthogonal group. In all\ncases, the greater disorder of networks will predict better synchronizability,\nand the small-world effect ensures the global synchronization for sufficiently\nlarge coupling strength. The collective synchronized behaviors of many\ndynamical systems, such as the integrable systems, the two-state quantum\nsystems and the top systems, can be described by the present phase\nsynchronization frame. In addition, it is intuitive that the low-dimensional\nsystems are more easily to synchronize, however, to our surprise, we found that\nthe high-dimensional systems display obviously synchronized behaviors in\nregular networks, while these phenomena can not be observed in low-dimensional\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Universal Finite-Size Scaling for Percolation Theory in High Dimensions: We present a unifying, consistent, finite-size-scaling picture for\npercolation theory bringing it into the framework of a general,\nrenormalization-group-based, scaling scheme for systems above their upper\ncritical dimensions $d_c$. Behaviour at the critical point is non-universal in\n$d>d_c=6$ dimensions. Proliferation of the largest clusters, with fractal\ndimension $4$, is associated with the breakdown of hyperscaling there when free\nboundary conditions are used. But when the boundary conditions are periodic,\nthe maximal clusters have dimension $D=2d/3$, and obey random-graph\nasymptotics. Universality is instead manifest at the pseudocritical point,\nwhere the failure of hyperscaling in its traditional form is universally\nassociated with random-graph-type asymptotics for critical cluster sizes,\nindependent of boundary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization Group, hidden symmetries and approximate Ward identities\n  in the XYZ model, II: An expansion based on renormalization group methods for the spin correlation\nfunction in the z direction of the Heisenberg-Ising XYZ chain with an external\nmagnetic field directed as the z axis is derived. Moreover, by using the hidden\nsymmetries of the model, we show that the running coupling constants are small,\nif the coupling in the z direction is small enough, that a critical index\nappearing in the correlation function is exactly vanishing (because of an\napproximate Ward identity) and other properties, so obtaining a rather detailed\ndescription of the XYZ correlation function.",
        "positive": "Quantum quench from a thermal tensor state: boundary effects and\n  generalized Gibbs ensemble: We consider a quantum quench in a non-interacting fermionic one-dimensional\nfield-theory. The system of size $L$ is initially prepared into two halves\n$\\mathcal{L}$ ($[-L/2,0]$) and $\\mathcal{R}$ ($[0,L/2]$), each of them\nthermalized at two different temperatures, ${T_{L}}$ and ${T_{R}}$\nrespectively. At a given time the two halves are joined together by a local\ncoupling and the whole system is left to evolve unitarily. For an infinitely\nextended system ($L\\rightarrow \\infty$), we show that the time evolution of the\nparticle and energy densities is well described via a hydrodynamic approach\nwhich allows us to evaluate the correspondent stationary currents. We show, in\nsuch a case, that the two-point correlation functions are deduced, at large\ntimes, from a simple non-equilibrium steady state. Otherwise, whenever the\nboundary conditions are retained (in a properly defined thermodynamic limit),\nany current is suppressed at large times, and the stationary state is described\nby a generalized Gibbs ensemble, which is diagonal and depends only on the\npost-quench mode occupation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-dimensional quantum percolation on anisotropic lattices: In a previous work [Dillon and Nakanishi, Eur. Phys.J B {\\bf 87}, 286\n(2014)], we calculated the transmission coefficient of the two-dimensional\nquantum percolation model and found there to be three regimes, namely,\nexponentially localized, power-law localized, and delocalized. However, the\nexistence of these phase transitions remains controversial, with many other\nworks divided between those which claim that quantum percolation in 2D is\nalways localized, and those which assert there is a transition to a less\nlocalized or delocalized state. It stood out that many works based on highly\nanisotropic two-dimensional strips fall in the first group, whereas our\nprevious work and most others in the second group were based on an isotropic\nsquare geometry. To better understand the difference in our results and those\nbased on strip geometry, we apply our direct calculation of the transmission\ncoefficient to highly anisotropic strips of varying widths at three energies\nand a wide range of dilutions. We find that the localization length of the\nstrips does not converge at low dilution as the strip width increases toward\nthe isotropic limit, indicating the presence of a delocalized state for small\ndisorder. We additionally calculate the inverse participation ratio of the\nlattices and find that it too signals a phase transition from delocalized to\nlocalized near the same dilutions.",
        "positive": "Mode-coupling theory of the glass transition for colloidal liquids in\n  slit geometry: We provide a detailed derivation of the mode-coupling equations for a\ncolloidal liquid confined by two parallel smooth walls. We introduce\nirreducible memory kernels for the different relaxation channels thereby\nextending the projection operator technique to colloidal liquids in slit\ngeometry. Investigating both the collective dynamics as well as the\ntagged-particle motion, we prove that the mode-coupling functional assumes the\nsame form as in the Newtonian case corroborating the universality of the\nglass-transition singularity with respect to the microscopic dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unification of the standard and gradient theories of phase transition: We show, that the standard model of phase transition can be unified with the\ngradient model of phase transitions using the description in terms of the\ngradient of order parameter. The generalization of the gradient theory of phase\ntransitions with regard to the fourth power of the order parameter and its\ngradient is proposed. Such generalization makes it possible to described wide\nclass of phase transitions within a unified approach. In particular it is\nconsistent with the nonlinear models, that can be used to describe a phase\ntransition with the formation of spatially inhomogeneous distribution of the\norder parameter. Typical examples of such structures (with or without defects)\nare considered. We show that formation of spatially inhomogeneous distributions\nof the order parameter in the course of a phase transitions is a characteristic\nfeature of many nonlinear models of phase transitions.",
        "positive": "Infinite System of Random Walkers: Winners and Losers: We study an infinite system of particles initially occupying a half-line\n$y\\leq 0$ and undergoing random walks on the entire line. The right-most\nparticle is called a leader. Surprisingly, every particle except the original\nleader may never achieve the leadership throughout the evolution. For the\nequidistant initial configuration, the $k^{\\text{th}}$ particle attains the\nleadership with probability $e^{-2} k^{-1} (\\ln k)^{-1/2}$ when $k\\gg 1$. This\nprovides a quantitative measure of the correlation between earlier misfortune\n(represented by $k$) and eternal failure. We also show that the winner defined\nas the first walker overtaking the initial leader has label $k\\gg 1$ with\nprobability decaying as $\\exp\\!\\left[-\\tfrac{1}{2}(\\ln k)^2\\right]$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ensemble and Trajectory Thermodynamics: A Brief Introduction: We revisit stochastic thermodynamics for a system with discrete energy states\nin contact with a heat and particle reservoir.",
        "positive": "Critical exponents of model with matrix order parameter from resummation\n  of six-loop results for anomalous dimensions: In this contribution an application of two techniques for resummation of\nasymptotic series namely Borel-Pade technique and Borel-Leroy technique with\nconformal mapping to the case of a model with multiple coupling constants will\nbe discussed and the results of application of this methods to the\n$O(n)$-symmetric $\\phi^{4}$ model with an antisymmetric tensor order parameter\nwill be presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relationship between thermodynamics and dynamics of supercooled liquids: Diffusivity, a measure for how rapidly a fluid self-mixes, shows an intimate,\nbut seemingly fragmented, connection to thermodynamics. On one hand, the\n\"configurational\" contribution to entropy (related to the number of\nmechanically-stable configurations that fluid molecules can adopt) has long\nbeen considered key for predicting supercooled liquid dynamics near the glass\ntransition. On the other hand, the excess entropy (relative to ideal gas)\nprovides a robust scaling for the diffusivity of fluids above the freezing\npoint. Here we provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that excess\nentropy also captures how supercooling a fluid modifies its diffusivity,\nsuggesting that dynamics, from ideal gas to glass, is related to a single,\nstandard thermodynamic quantity.",
        "positive": "Extremal statistics for a resetting Brownian motion before its\n  first-passage time: We study the extreme value statistics of a one-dimensional resetting Brownian\nmotion (RBM) till its first passage through the origin starting from the\nposition $x_0$ ($>0$). By deriving the exit probability of RBM in an interval\n$\\left[0, M \\right] $ from the origin, we obtain the distribution $P_r(M|x_0)$\nof the maximum displacement $M$ and thus gives the expected value $\\langle M\n\\rangle$ of $M$ as functions of the resetting rate $r$ and $x_0$. We find that\n$\\langle M \\rangle$ decreases monotonically as $r$ increases, and tends to $2\nx_0$ as $r \\to \\infty$. In the opposite limit, $\\langle M \\rangle$ diverges\nlogarithmically as $r \\to 0$. Moreover, we derive the propagator of RBM in the\nLaplace domain in the presence of both absorbing ends, and then leads to the\njoint distribution $P_r(M,t_m|x_0)$ of $M$ and the time $t_m$ at which this\nmaximum is achieved in the Lapalce domain by using a path decomposition\ntechnique, from which the expected value $\\langle t_m \\rangle$ of $t_m$ is\nobtained explicitly. Interestingly, $\\langle t_m \\rangle$ shows a nonmonotonic\ndependence on $r$, and attains its minimum at an optimal $r^{*} \\approx 2.71691\nD/x_0^2$, where $D$ is the diffusion coefficient. Finally, we perform extensive\nsimulations to validate our theoretical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New conjecture for the $SU_q(N)$ Perk-Schultz models: We present a new conjecture for the $SU_q(N)$ Perk-Schultz models. This\nconjecture extends a conjecture presented in our article (Alcaraz FC and\nStroganov YuG (2002) J. Phys. A vol. 35 pg. 6767-6787, and also in\ncond-mat/0204074).",
        "positive": "Two-dimensional Ising model with self-dual biaxially correlated disorder: We consider the Ising model on the square lattice with biaxially correlated\nrandom ferromagnetic couplings, the critical point of which is fixed by\nself-duality. The disorder represents a relevant perturbation according to the\nextended Harris criterion. Critical properties of the system are studied by\nlarge scale Monte Carlo simulations. The correlation length critical exponent,\n\\nu=2.005(5), corresponds to that expected in a system with isotropic\ncorrelated long-range disorder, whereas the scaling dimension of the\nmagnetization density, x_m=0.1294(7), is somewhat larger than in the pure\nsystem. Conformal properties of the magnetization and energy density profiles\nare also examined numerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum theory of a vortex line in an optical lattice: We investigate the quantum theory of a vortex line in a stack of\nweakly-coupled two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates, that is created by a\none-dimensional optical lattice. We derive the dispersion relation of the\nKelvin modes of the vortex line and also study the coupling between the Kelvin\nmodes and the quadrupole modes. We solve the coupled dynamics of the vortex\nline and the quadrupole modes, both classically as well as quantum\nmechanically. The quantum mechanical solution reveals the possibility of\ngenerating nonequilibrium squeezed vortex states by strongly driving the\nquadrupole modes.",
        "positive": "Propagating speed waves in flocks: a mathematical model: Efficient collective response to external perturbations is one of the most\nstriking abilities of a biological system. Signal propagation through the group\nis an important condition for the imple- mentation of such a response.\nInformation transfer has been experimentally observed in the turning mechanism\nof birds flocks. In this context it is well-known also the existence of density\nwaves: birds under predation, attempting to escape, give rise to self-organized\ndensity waves that propagates linearly on the flock. Most aspects of this\nphenomenon are still not fully captured by theoretical models. In this work we\npresent a new model for the propagation of the speed (the modulus of the\nvelocity) fluctuations inside a flock, which is the simplest way to reproduce\nthe observed density waves. We have studied the full solution of the model in d\n= 1 and we found that there is a line in the parameter space along which the\nsystem relaxes in the fastest way with no oscillation after a signal has\npassed. This is the critical damping condition. By analyzing the parameters\nplane we show that critical damping represents an attractor for a steepest\ndescent dynamics of the return time of the system. Finally we propose a method\nto test the validity of the model through through future experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From tunnels to towers: quantum scars from Lie Algebras and q-deformed\n  Lie Algebras: We present a general symmetry-based framework for obtaining many-body\nHamiltonians with scarred eigenstates that do not obey the eigenstate\nthermalization hypothesis. Our models are derived from parent Hamiltonians with\na non-Abelian (or q-deformed) symmetry, whose eigenspectra are organized as\ndegenerate multiplets that transform as irreducible representations of the\nsymmetry (`tunnels'). We show that large classes of perturbations break the\nsymmetry, but in a manner that preserves a particular low-entanglement\nmultiplet of states -- thereby giving generic, thermal spectra with a `shadow'\nof the broken symmetry in the form of scars. The generators of the Lie algebra\nfurnish operators with `spectrum generating algebras' that can be used to lift\nthe degeneracy of the scar states and promote them to equally spaced `towers'.\nOur framework applies to several known models with scars, but we also introduce\nnew models with scars that transform as irreducible representations of\nsymmetries such as SU(3) and $q$-deformed SU(2), significantly generalizing the\ntypes of systems known to harbor this phenomenon. Additionally, we present new\nexamples of generalized AKLT models with scar states that do not transform in\nan irreducible representation of the relevant symmetry. These are derived from\nparent Hamiltonians with enhanced symmetries, and bring AKLT-like models into\nour framework.",
        "positive": "Numerical studies of the extended two-chain model of friction: We investigate numerically a simple microscopic model to describe wearless\ndry friction between atomically flat contact interfaces without thermal\nfluctuations (T=0K). The analysis of the incommensurate ground state shows a\nbreaking of analyticity when the amplitude $\\epsilon$ of the Lennard-Jones\ninteraction between the both harmonic chains increased beyond a critical value\n$\\epsilon_c$. By the introduction of a suitable order parameter and using a\nfinite size scaling we could show that the breaking of analyticity is a second\norder phase transition. This transition is often called Aubry transition. By\napplying of an uniform external force $F^{ex}$ we have determined the critical\nforce of static friction $F_c$ above a sliding motion occurs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Velocity Fluctuations in Electrostatically Driven Granular Media: We study experimentally the particle velocity fluctuations in an\nelectrostatically driven dilute granular gas. The experimentally obtained\nvelocity distribution functions have strong deviations from Maxwellian form in\na wide range of parameters. We have found that the tails of the distribution\nfunctions are consistent with a stretched exponential law with typical\nexponents of the order 3/2. Molecular dynamic simulations shows qualitative\nagreement with experimental data. Our results suggest that this non-Gaussian\nbehavior is typical for most inelastic gases with both short and long range\ninteractions.",
        "positive": "SIS model of disease extinction on heterogeneous directed population\n  networks: Understanding the spread of diseases through complex networks is of great\ninterest where realistic, heterogeneous contact patterns play a crucial role in\nthe spread. Most works have focused on mean-field behavior -- quantifying how\ncontact patterns affect the emergence and stability of (meta)stable endemic\nstates in networks. On the other hand, much less is known about longer time\nscale dynamics, such as disease extinction, whereby inherent process\nstochasticity and contact heterogeneity interact to produce large fluctuations\nthat result in the spontaneous clearance of infection. Here we show that\nheterogeneity in both susceptibility and infectiousness (incoming and outgoing\ndegree, respectively) has a non-trivial effect on extinction in directed\ncontact networks, both speeding-up and slowing-down extinction rates depending\non the relative proportion of such edges in a network, and on whether the\nheterogeneities in the incoming and outgoing degrees are correlated or\nanticorrelated. In particular, we show that weak anticorrelated heterogeneity\ncan increase the disease stability, whereas strong heterogeneity gives rise to\nmarkedly different results for correlated and anticorrelated heterogeneous\nnetworks. All analytical results are corroborated through various numerical\nschemes including network Monte-Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Devitrification of the Kob-Andersen glass former: Competition with the\n  locally favored structure: Supercooled liquids are kinetically trapped materials in which the transition\nto a thermodynamically more stable state with long-range order is strongly\nsuppressed. To assess the glass-forming abilities of a liquid empirical rules\nexist, but a comprehensive microscopic picture of devitrification is still\nmissing. Here we study the crystallization of a popular model glass former, the\nbinary Kob-Andersen mixture, in small systems. We perform trajectory sampling\nemploying the population of the locally favored structure as order parameter.\nWhile for large population a dynamical phase transition has been reported, here\nwe show that biasing towards a small population of locally favored structures\ninduces crystallization, and we estimate the free energy difference. This\nresult sheds new light on the competition between local and global structure in\nglass-forming liquids and its implications for crystallization.",
        "positive": "Compact-to-Dendritic Transition in the Reactive Deposition of Brownian\n  Particles: When Brownian particles (such as ions, colloids, or misfolded proteins)\ndeposit onto a reactive cluster, the cluster undergoes a transition from a\ncompact to a dendritic morphology. Continuum modeling reveals that the critical\nradius for this compact-to-dendritic (CTD) transition should be proportional to\nthe particle diffusivity divided by the surface reaction rate. However,\nprevious studies have had limited success verifying that the same scaling\narises in the continuum limit of a particle-based deposition model. This\ndiscrepancy suggests that the continuum model may be missing part of the\nmicroscopic dendrite formation mechanism, a concerning hypothesis given that\nsimilar models are commonly used to study dendritic growth in electrodeposition\nand lithium metal batteries. To clarify the accuracy of such models, we\nreexamine the particle-based CTD transition using larger system sizes, up to\nhundreds of millions of particles in some cases, and an improved paradigm for\nthe surface reaction. Specifically, this paradigm allows us to converge our\nsimulations and to work in terms of experimentally accessible parameters. With\nthese methods, we show that in both two and three dimensions, the behavior of\nthe critical radius is consistent with the scaling of the continuum model. Our\nresults help unify the particle-based and continuum views of the CTD\ntransition. In each of these cases, dendrites emerge when particles can no\nlonger diffuse around the cluster within the characteristic reaction timescale.\nConsequently, this work implies that continuum methods can effectively capture\nthe microscopic physics of dendritic deposition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermally activated switching in the presence of non-Gaussian noise: We study the effect of a non-Gaussian noise on interstate switching activated\nprimarily by Gaussian noise. Even weak non-Gaussian noise can strongly change\nthe switching rate. The effect is determined by all moments of the noise\ndistribution. The explicit analytical results are compared with the results of\nsimulations for an overdamped system driven by white Gaussian noise and a\nPoisson noise. Switching induced by a purely Poisson noise is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Mixed spin (1/2-1) hexagonal Ising nanowire: some dynamic behaviors: The dynamic behaviors of a mixed spin (1/2-1) hexagonal Ising nanowire (HIN)\nwith core-shell structure in the presence of a time dependent magnetic field\nare investigated by using the effective-field theory with correlations based on\nthe Glauber-type stochastic dynamics (DEFT). According to the values of\ninteraction parameters, temperature dependence of the dynamic magnetizations,\nthe hysteresis loop areas and the dynamic correlations are investigated to\ncharacterize the nature (first- or second-order) of the dynamic phase\ntransitions (DPTs). Dynamic phase diagrams, including compensation points, are\nalso obtained. Moreover, from the thermal variations of the dynamic total\nmagnetization, the five compensation types can be found under certain\nconditions, namely the Q-, R-, S-, P-, and N-types."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transfer Matrices and Partition-Function Zeros for Antiferromagnetic\n  Potts Models. V. Further Results for the Square-Lattice Chromatic Polynomial: We derive some new structural results for the transfer matrix of\nsquare-lattice Potts models with free and cylindrical boundary conditions. In\nparticular, we obtain explicit closed-form expressions for the dominant (at\nlarge |q|) diagonal entry in the transfer matrix, for arbitrary widths m, as\nthe solution of a special one-dimensional polymer model. We also obtain the\nlarge-q expansion of the bulk and surface (resp. corner) free energies for the\nzero-temperature antiferromagnet (= chromatic polynomial) through order q^{-47}\n(resp. q^{-46}). Finally, we compute chromatic roots for strips of widths 9 <=\nm <= 12 with free boundary conditions and locate roughly the limiting curves.",
        "positive": "Molecular kinetic analysis of a finite-time Carnot cycle: We study the efficiency at the maximal power $\\eta_\\mathrm{max}$ of a\nfinite-time Carnot cycle of a weakly interacting gas which we can reagard as a\nnearly ideal gas. In several systems interacting with the hot and cold\nreservoirs of the temperatures $T_\\mathrm{h}$ and $T_\\mathrm{c}$, respectively,\nit is known that $\\eta_\\mathrm{max}=1-\\sqrt{T_\\mathrm{c}/T_\\mathrm{h}}$ which\nis often called the Curzon-Ahlborn (CA) efficiency $\\eta_\\mathrm{CA}$. For the\nfirst time numerical experiments to verify the validity of $\\eta_\\mathrm{CA}$\nare performed by means of molecular dynamics simulations and reveal that our\n$\\eta_\\mathrm{max}$ does not always agree with $\\eta_\\mathrm{CA}$, but\napproaches $\\eta_\\mathrm{CA}$ in the limit of $T_\\mathrm{c} \\to T_\\mathrm{h}$.\nOur molecular kinetic analysis explains the above facts theoretically by using\nonly elementary arithmetic."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Absorbing state phase transitions with a non-accessible vacuum: We analyze from the renormalization group perspective a universality class of\nreaction-diffusion systems with absorbing states. It describes models where the\nvacuum state is not accessible, as the set of reactions $2 A \\to A$ together\nwith creation processes of the form $A \\to n A$ with $n \\geq 2$. This class\nincludes the (exactly solvable in one-dimension) {\\it reversible} model $2 A\n\\leftrightarrow A$ as a particular example, as well as many other {\\it\nnon-reversible} reactions, proving that reversibility is not the main feature\nof this class as previously thought. By using field theoretical techniques we\nshow that the critical point appears at zero creation-rate (in accordance with\nexact results), and it is controlled by the well known pair-coagulation\nrenormalization group fixed point, with non-trivial exactly computable critical\nexponents in any dimension. Finally, we report on Monte-Carlo simulations,\nconfirming all field theoretical predictions in one and two dimensions for\nvarious reversible and non-reversible models.",
        "positive": "Heat, Work and Energy Currents in the Boundary-Driven XXZ Spin Chain: We address the detailed study of the energy current and its components, heat\nand work, in the boundary-driven 1D XXZ quantum model. We carry out the\ninvestigation by considering two different approaches present in the\nliterature. First, we take the repeated interaction scheme and derive the\nexpressions for the currents of heat and work, exchanged between system and\nbaths. Then, we perform the derivation of the energy current by means of a\nLindblad master equation together with a continuity equation, another approach\nwhich is recurrently used. A comparison between the obtained expressions allows\nus to show the consistency of both approaches, and, in the latter expression\nderived from the Lindblad equation, it allows us to split the energy, which\ncomes from the baths to the system, into heat and work. The recognition of work\nin the process, that is recurrently ignored in studies of transport, enables us\nto understand thermodynamical aspects and to solve some imbroglios in the\nphysics behind the energy current in the XXZ spin chain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Helical turbulent Prandtl number in the $A$ model of passive advection:\n  Two loop approximation: Using the field theoretic renormalization group technique in the two-loop\napproximation, turbulent Prandtl numbers are obtained in the general $A$ model\nof passive vector advected by fully developed turbulent velocity field with\nviolation of spatial parity introduced via continuous parameter $\\rho$ ranging\nfrom $\\rho=0$ (no violation of spatial parity) to $|\\rho|=1$ (maximum violation\nof spatial parity). In non-helical environments, we demonstrate that $A$ is\nrestricted to $-1.723 \\leq A \\leq 2.800$ (rounded on the last presented digit)\ndue to the constraints of two-loop calculations. When $\\rho >0.749$\nrestrictions may be removed. Furthermore, three physically important cases $A\n\\in \\{-1, 0, 1\\}$ are shown to lie deep within the allowed interval of $A$ for\nall values of $\\rho$. For the model of linearized Navier-Stokes equations ($A =\n-1$) up to date unknown helical values of turbulent Prandtl number have been\nshown to equal $1$ regardless of parity violation. Furthermore, we have shown\nthat interaction parameter $A$ exerts strong influence on advection diffusion\nprocesses in turbulent environments with broken spatial parity. In explicit,\ndepending on actual value of $A$ turbulent Prandtl number may increase or\ndecrease with $\\rho$. By varying $A$ continuously we explain high stability of\nkinematic MHD model ($A=1$) against helical effects as a result of its\ncloseness to $A = 0.912$ (rounded on the last presented digit) case where\nhelical effects are completely suppressed. Contrary, for the physically\nimportant $A=0$ model we show that it lies deep within the interval of models\nwhere helical effects cause the turbulent Prandtl number to decrease with\n$|\\rho|$. We thus identify internal structure of interactions given by\nparameter $A$, and not the vector character of the admixture itself to be the\ndominant factor influencing diffusion advection processes in the helical $A$\nmodel.",
        "positive": "Looking into DNA breathing dynamics via quantum physics: We study generic aspects of bubble dynamics in DNA under time dependent\nperturbations, for example temperature change, by mapping the associated\nFokker-Planck equation to a quantum time-dependent Schroedinger equation with\nimaginary time. In the static case we show that the eigenequation is exactly\nthe same as that of the $\\beta$-deformed nuclear liquid drop model, without the\nissue of non-integer angular momentum. A universal breathing dynamics is\ndemonstrated by using an approximate method in quantum mechanics. The\ncalculated bubble autocorrelation function qualitatively agrees with\nexperimental data. Under time dependent modulations, utilizing the adiabatic\napproximation, bubble properties reveal memory effects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interplay among helical order, surface effects and range of interacting\n  layers in ultrathin films: The properties of helical thin films have been thoroughly investigated by\nclassical Monte Carlo simulations. The employed model assumes classical planar\nspins in a body-centered tetragonal lattice, where the helical arrangement\nalong the film growth direction has been modeled by nearest neighbor and\nnext-nearest neighbor competing interactions, the minimal requirement to get\nhelical order. We obtain that, while the in-plane transition temperatures\nremain essentially unchanged with respect to the bulk ones, the helical/fan\narrangement is stabilized at more and more low temperature when the film\nthickness, n, decreases; in the ordered phase, increasing the temperature, a\nsoftening of the helix pitch wave-vector is also observed. Moreover, we show\nalso that the simulation data around both transition temperatures lead us to\nexclude the presence of a first order transition for all analyzed sizes.\nFinally, by comparing the results of the present work with those obtained for\nother models previously adopted in literature, we can get a deeper insight\nabout the entwined role played by the number (range) of interlayer interactions\nand surface effects in non-collinear thin films.",
        "positive": "Spin-reorientation critical dynamics in the two-dimensional XY model\n  with a domain wall: In recent years, static and dynamic properties of non-$180^\\circ$ domain\nwalls in magnetic materials have attracted a great deal of interest. In this\npaper, spin-reorientation critical dynamics in the two-dimensional XY model is\ninvestigated with Monte Carlo simulations and theoretical analyses based on the\nLangevin equation. At the Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition, dynamic scaling\nbehaviors of the magnetization and the two-time correlation function are\ncarefully analyzed, and critical exponents are accurately determined. When the\ninitial value of the angle between adjacent domains is slightly lower than\n$\\pi$, a critical exponent is introduced to characterize the abnormal power-law\nincrease of the magnetization in the horizontal direction inside the domain\ninterface, which is measured to be $\\psi=0.0568(8)$. Besides, the relation\n$\\psi=\\eta/2z$ is analytically deduced from the Langevin dynamics in the\nlong-wavelength approximation, well consistent with numerical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of the mixed-spin Ising model on a decorated square\n  lattice with two different kinds of decorating spins on horizontal and\n  vertical bonds: The mixed spin-(1/2, S_B, S_C) Ising model on a decorated square lattice with\ntwo different kinds of decorating spins S_B and S_C placed on its horizontal\nand vertical bonds, respectively, is exactly solved by establishing a precise\nmapping relationship with the corresponding spin-1/2 Ising model on an\nanisotropic square (rectangular) lattice. The effect of uniaxial single-ion\nanisotropy acting on both types of decorating spins S_B and S_C is examined in\nparticular. If decorating spins S_B and S_C are integer and half-odd-integer,\nrespectively, or if the reverse is the case, the model under investigation\ndisplays a very peculiar critical behavior beared on the spontaneously ordered\n'quasi-1D' spin system, which appears as a result of the single-ion anisotropy\nstrengthening. We have found convincing evidence that this remarkable\nspontaneous ordering virtually arises even though all integer-valued decorating\nspins tend towards their 'non-magnetic' spin state S=0 and the system becomes\ndisordered only upon further increase of the single-ion anisotropy. The\nsingle-ion anisotropy parameter is also at an origin of various temperature\ndependences of the total magnetization when imposing the pure ferrimagnetic or\nthe mixed ferro-ferrimagnetic character of the spin arrangement.",
        "positive": "$1/x$ Probability Distribution in a Close Proximity of the\n  Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld Sandpile: The mechanism of self-organized criticality is based on a steady slow loading\nand a quick huge stress-release. We add the clustering of the events in space\nand time to the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld cellular automaton and obtain the truncated\n$1/x$ probability distribution of the events over their sizes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Generalized Approach to Complex Networks: This work describes how the formalization of complex network concepts in\nterms of discrete mathematics, especially mathematical morphology, allows a\nseries of generalizations and important results ranging from new measurements\nof the network topology to new network growth models. First, the concepts of\nnode degree and clustering coefficient are extended in order to characterize\nnot only specific nodes, but any generic subnetwork. Second, the consideration\nof distance transform and rings are used to further extend those concepts in\norder to obtain a signature, instead of a single scalar measurement, ranging\nfrom the single node to whole graph scales. The enhanced discriminative\npotential of such extended measurements is illustrated with respect to the\nidentification of correspondence between nodes in two complex networks, namely\na protein-protein interaction network and a perturbed version of it. The use of\nother measurements derived from mathematical morphology are also suggested as a\nmeans to characterize complex networks connectivity in a more comprehensive\nfashion.",
        "positive": "Topological properties of a time-integrated activity driven network: Here we consider the topological properties of the integrated networks\nemerging from the activity driven model [Perra at al. Sci. Rep. 2, 469 (2012)],\na temporal network model recently proposed to explain the power-law degree\ndistribution empirically observed in many real social networks. By means of a\nmapping to a hidden variables network model, we provide analytical expressions\nfor the main topological properties of the integrated network, depending on the\nintegration time and the distribution of activity potential characterizing the\nmodel. The expressions obtained, exacts in some cases, the results of\ncontrolled asymptotic expansions in others, are confirmed by means of extensive\nnumerical simulations. Our analytical approach, which highlights the\ndifferences of the model with respect to the empirical observations made in\nreal social networks, can be easily extended to deal with improved, more\nrealistic modifications of the activity driven network paradigm."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Brownian motion and its conflict with the second law: The Brownian motion of a harmonically bound quantum particle and coupled to a\nharmonic quantum bath is exactly solvable. At low enough temperatures the\nstationary state is non-Gibbsian due to an entanglement with the bath. This\nhappens when a cloud of bath modes around the particle is formed. Equilibrium\nthermodynamics for particle plus bath together, does not imply standard\nthermodynamics for the particle itself at low T. Various formulations of the\nsecond law are then invalid. First, the Clausius inequality can be violated.\nSecond, when the width of the confining potential is suddenly changed, there\noccurs a relaxation to equilibrium during which the rate of entropy production\nis partly negative. Third, for non-adiabatic changes of system parameters the\nrate of energy dissipation can be negative, and, out of equilibrium, cyclic\nprocesses are possible which extract work from the bath. Conditions are put\nforward under which perpetuum mobile of the second kind, having several work\nextraction cycles, enter the realm of condensed matter physics.",
        "positive": "On multi-scale percolation behaviour of the effective conductivity for\n  the lattice model with interacting particles: Recently, the effective medium approach using 2x2 basic cluster of model\nlattice sites to predict the conductivity of interacting droplets has been\npresented by Hattori et al. To make a step aside from pure applications, we\nhave studied earlier a multi-scale percolation, employing any kxk basic cluster\nfor non-interacting particles. Here, with interactions included, we examine in\nwhat way they alter the percolation threshold for any cluster case. We found\nthat at a fixed length scale k the interaction reduces the range of shifts of\nthe percolation threshold. To determine the critical concentrations, the\nsimplified model is used. It diminishes the number of local conductivities into\ntwo main ones. In the presence of a dominance of the repulsive interaction over\nthe thermal energy, the exact percolation thresholds at scales k=2 and 3 can be\nobtained from analytical formulas. Furthermore, by a simple reasoning, we\nobtain the limiting threshold formula for odd k. When k>>1, the odd-even\ndifference becomes negligible. Hence, the 0.75 is the highest possible value of\nthe threshold."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inhomogeneous cooling state of a strongly confined granular gas at low\n  density: The inhomogeneous cooling state describing the hydrodynamic behavior of a\nfreely evolving granular gas strongly confined between two parallel plates is\nstudied, using a Boltzmann kinetic equation derived recently. By extending the\nidea of the homogeneous cooling state, we propose a scaling distribution in\nwhich all the time dependence occurs through the granular temperature of the\nsystem, while there is a dependence on the distance to the confining walls\nthrough the density. It is obtained that the velocity distribution is not\nisotropic, and it has two different granular temperature parameters associated\nto the motion perpendicular and parallel to the confining plates, respectively,\nalthough their cooling rates are the same. Moreover, when approaching the\ninhomogeneous cooling state, energy is sometimes transferred from degrees of\nfreedom with lower granular temperature to those with a higher one, contrary to\nwhat happens in molecular systems. The cooling rate and the two partial\ngranular temperatures are calculated by means of a Gaussian approximation. The\ntheoretical predictions are compared with molecular dynamics simulation results\nand a good agreement is found.",
        "positive": "New scaling laws for self-avoiding walks: bridges and worms: We show how the theory of the critical behaviour of $d$-dimensional polymer\nnetworks gives a scaling relation for self-avoiding {\\em bridges} that relates\nthe critical exponent for bridges $\\gamma_b$ to that of terminally-attached\nself-avoiding arches, $\\gamma_{1,1},$ and the {correlation} length exponent\n$\\nu.$ We find $\\gamma_b = \\gamma_{1,1}+\\nu.$ We provide compelling numerical\nevidence for this result in both two- and three-dimensions. Another subset of\nSAWs, called {\\em worms}, are defined as the subset of SAWs whose origin and\nend-point have the same $x$-coordinate. We give a scaling relation for the\ncorresponding critical exponent $\\gamma_w,$ which is $\\gamma_w=\\gamma-\\nu.$\nThis too is supported by enumerative results in the two-dimensional case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New solid phase of dipolar systems: The systems of molecules with a permanent dipole moment have solid phases\nwith various crystal symmetries. In particular, the solid phases of the\nsimplest of these systems, the dipolar hard sphere model, have been extensively\nstudied in the literature. The article presents Monte Carlo simulation results\nwhich, at low temperature, point to the stability of a polarized solid phase of\ndipolar hard spheres with the unusual number of eleven nearest neighbors, the\nso-called primitive tetragonal packing or tetragonal close packing.",
        "positive": "General Eigenstate Thermalization via Free Cumulants in Quantum Lattice\n  Systems: The Eigenstate-Thermalization-Hypothesis (ETH) has been established as the\ngeneral framework to understand quantum statistical mechanics. Only recently\nhas the attention been paid to so-called general ETH, which accounts for\nhigher-order correlations among matrix elements, and that can be rationalized\ntheoretically using the language of Free Probability. In this work, we perform\nthe first numerical investigation of the general ETH in physical many-body\nsystems with local interactions by testing the decomposition of higher-order\ncorrelators into free cumulants. We perform exact diagonalization on two\nclasses of local non-integrable (chaotic) quantum many-body systems: spin chain\nHamiltonians and Floquet brickwork unitary circuits. We show that the dynamics\nof four-time correlation functions are encoded in fourth-order free cumulants,\nas predicted by ETH. Their non-trivial frequency dependence encodes the\nphysical properties of local many-body systems and distinguishes them from\nstructureless, rotationally invariant ensembles of random matrices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "L\u00e9vy flights and L\u00e9vy walks under stochastic resetting: Stochastic resetting is a protocol of starting anew, which can be used to\nfacilitate the escape kinetics. We demonstrate that restarting can accelerate\nthe escape kinetics from a finite interval restricted by two absorbing\nboundaries also in the presence of heavy-tailed, L\\'evy type, $\\alpha$-stable\nnoise. However, the width of the domain where resetting is beneficial depends\non the value of the stability index $\\alpha$ determining power-law decay of\njump length distribution. For heavier (smaller $\\alpha$) distributions the\ndomain becomes narrower in comparison to lighter tails. Additionally, we\nexplore connections between L\\'evy flights and L\\'evy walks in presence of\nstochastic resetting. First of all, we show that for L\\'evy walks, the\nstochastic resetting can be beneficial also in the domain where coefficient of\nvariation is smaller than 1. Moreover, we demonstrate that in the domain where\nLW are characterized by a finite mean jump duration/length, with the increasing\nwidth of the interval LW start to share similarities with LF under stochastic\nresetting.",
        "positive": "Metastable states in glassy systems: Truly stable metastable states are an artifact of the mean-field\napproximation or the zero temperature limit. If such appealing concepts in\nglass theory as configurational entropy are to have a meaning beyond these\napproximations, one needs to cast them in a form involving states with finite\nlifetimes.\n  Starting from elementary examples and using results of Gaveau and Schulman,\nwe propose a simple expression for the configurational entropy and revisit the\nquestion of taking flat averages over metastable states. The construction is\napplicable to finite dimensional systems, and we explicitly show that for\nsimple mean-field glass models it recovers, justifies and generalises the known\nresults. The calculation emphasises the appearance of new dynamical order\nparameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Failure avalanches in fiber bundles for discrete load increase: The statistics of burst avalanche sizes $n$ during failure processes in a\nfiber bundle follows a power law, $D(n)\\sim n^{-\\xi}$, for large avalanches.\nThe exponent $\\xi$ depends upon how the avalanches are provoked. While it is\nknown that when the load on the bundle is increased in a continuous manner, the\nexponent takes the value $\\xi=5/2$, we show that when the external load is\nincreased in discrete and not too small steps, the exponent value $\\xi=3$ is\nrelevant. Our analytic treatment applies to bundles with a general probability\ndistribution of the breakdown thresholds for the individual fibers. The\npre-asymptotic size distribution of avalanches is also considered.",
        "positive": "Exact solutions to plaquette Ising models with free and periodic\n  boundaries: An anisotropic limit of the 3d plaquette Ising model, in which the plaquette\ncouplings in one direction were set to zero, was solved for free boundary\nconditions by Suzuki (Phys. Rev. Lett. 28 (1972) 507), who later dubbed it the\nfuki-nuke, or \"no-ceiling\", model. Defining new spin variables as the product\nof nearest-neighbour spins transforms the Hamiltonian into that of a stack of\n(standard) 2d Ising models and reveals the planar nature of the magnetic order,\nwhich is also present in the fully isotropic 3d plaquette model. More recently,\nthe solution of the fuki-nuke model was discussed for periodic boundary\nconditions, which require a different approach to defining the product spin\ntransformation, by Castelnovo et al. (Phys. Rev. B 81 (2010) 184303).\n  We clarify the exact relation between partition functions with free and\nperiodic boundary conditions expressed in terms of original and product spin\nvariables for the 2d plaquette and 3d fuki-nuke models, noting that the\ndifferences are already present in the 1d Ising model. In addition, we solve\nthe 2d plaquette Ising model with helical boundary conditions. The various\nexactly solved examples illustrate how correlations can be induced in finite\nsystems as a consequence of the choice of boundary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Estimating the diffusion coefficient of trapped particles: We show that observing the trajectories of confined particles in a thermal\nequilibrium state yields an estimate on the free-space diffusion coefficient.\nFor generic trapping potentials and interactions between particles, the\nestimate comes in the form of a lower bound on the true diffusion coefficient.\nFor non-interacting particles in harmonic trapping potentials, which\napproximately describes many experimental situations, the estimate is\nasymptotically exact. This allows to determine the diffusion coefficient from\nan equilibrium measurement, as opposed to a direct observation of diffusion,\nwhich necessarily starts from a non-equilibrium state. We explicitly\ndemonstrate that the estimate remains quantitatively accurate in the presence\nof weak interactions and anharmonic corrections.",
        "positive": "Nonextensive statistical mechanics and economics: Ergodicity, this is to say, dynamics whose time averages coincide with\nensemble averages, naturally leads to Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistical\nmechanics, hence to standard thermodynamics. This formalism has been at the\nbasis of an enormous success in describing, among others, the particular\nstationary state corresponding to thermal equilibrium. There are, however, vast\nclasses of complex systems which accomodate quite badly, or even not at all,\nwithin the BG formalism. Such dynamical systems exhibit, in one way or another,\nnonergodic aspects. In order to be able to theoretically study at least some of\nthese systems, a formalism was proposed 14 years ago, which is sometimes\nreferred to as nonextensive statistical mechanics. We briefly introduce this\nformalism, its foundations and applications. Furthermore, we provide some\nbridging to important economical phenomena, such as option pricing, return and\nvolume distributions observed in the financial markets, and the fascinating and\nubiquitous concept of risk aversion. One may summarize the whole approach by\nsaying that BG statistical mechanics is based on the entropy $S_{BG}=-k \\sum_i\np_i \\ln p_i$, and typically provides {\\it exponential laws} for describing\nstationary states and basic time-dependent phenomena, while nonextensive\nstatistical mechanics is instead based on the entropic form\n$S_q=k(1-\\sum_ip_i^q)/(q-1)$ (with $S_1=S_{BG}$), and typically provides, for\nthe same type of description, (asymptotic) {\\it power laws}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "$1/f^\u03b1$ noise from self-organized critical models with uniform\n  driving: Using the well-known Olami-Feder-Christensen model as our paradigm, we show\nhow to modify uniform driven self-organized critical models to generate\n$1/f^\\alpha$ noise. Our model can reproduce all the main features of\n$1/f^\\alpha$ noise: (1) $\\alpha$ is close to one and does not depend on the\ndimension of the system. (2) The $1/f^\\alpha$ behavior is found for very low\nfrequencies. (3) The spatial correlations do not obey a power law. That proves\nthat spatially extended systems based on activation-deactivation processes do\nnot have to be point-driven to produce $1/f^\\alpha$ noise. The essential\ningredient is a local memory of the activation-deactivation process.",
        "positive": "Properties of Quantum Systems via Diagonalization of Transition\n  Amplitudes II: Systematic Improvements of Short-time Propagation: In this paper, building on a previous analysis [1] of exact diagonalization\nof the space-discretized evolution operator for the study of properties of\nnon-relativistic quantum systems, we present a substantial improvement to this\nmethod. We apply recently introduced effective action approach for obtaining\nshort-time expansion of the propagator up to very high orders to calculate\nmatrix elements of space-discretized evolution operator. This improves by many\norders of magnitude previously used approximations for discretized matrix\nelements and allows us to numerically obtain large numbers of accurate energy\neigenvalues and eigenstates using numerical diagonalization. We illustrate this\napproach on several one and two-dimensional models. The quality of numerically\ncalculated higher order eigenstates is assessed by comparison with\nsemiclassical cumulative density of states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytical treatment of the dHvA frequency combinations due to chemical\n  potential oscillations in an idealized two-band Fermi liquid: de Haas-van Alphen oscillation spectrum is studied for an idealized\ntwo-dimensional Fermi liquid with two parabolic bands in the case of canonical\n(fixed number of quasiparticles) and grand canonical (fixed chemical potential)\nensembles. As already reported in the literature, oscillations of the chemical\npotential in magnetic field yield frequency combinations that are forbidden in\nthe framework of the semiclassical theory. Exact analytical calculation of the\nFourier components is derived at zero temperature and an asymptotic expansion\nis given for the high temperature and low magnetic field range. A good\nagreement is obtained between analytical formulae and numerical computations.",
        "positive": "Variational superposed Gaussian approximation for time-dependent\n  solutions of Langevin equations: We propose a variational superposed Gaussian approximation (VSGA) for\ndynamical solutions of Langevin equations subject to applied signals,\ndetermining time-dependent parameters of superposed Gaussian distributions by\nthe variational principle. We apply the proposed VSGA to systems driven by a\nchaotic signal, where the conventional Fourier method cannot be adopted, and\ncalculate the time evolution of probability density functions (PDFs) and\nmoments. Both white and colored Gaussian noises terms are included to describe\nfluctuations. Our calculations show that time-dependent PDFs obtained by VSGA\nagree excellently with those obtained by Monte Carlo simulations. The\ncorrelation between the chaotic input signal and the mean response are also\ncalculated as a function of the noise intensity, which confirms the occurrence\nof aperiodic stochastic resonance with both white and colored noises."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Melting of Flux Lines in an Alternating Parallel Current: We use a Langevin equation to examine the dynamics and fluctuations of a flux\nline (FL) in the presence of an {\\it alternating longitudinal current}\n$J_{\\parallel}(\\omega)$. The magnus and dissipative forces are equated to those\nresulting from line tension, confinement in a harmonic cage by neighboring FLs,\nparallel current, and noise. The resulting mean-square FL fluctuations are\ncalculated {\\it exactly}, and a Lindemann criterion is then used to obtain a\nnonequilibrium `phase diagram' as a function of the magnitude and frequency of\n$J_{\\parallel}(\\omega)$. For zero frequency, the melting temperature of the\nmixed phase (a lattice, or the putative \"Bose\" or \"Bragg Glass\") vanishes at a\nlimiting current. However, for any finite frequency, there is a non-zero\nmelting temperature.",
        "positive": "Network topology mapping of Chemical Compounds Space: We define bipartite and monopartite relational networks of chemical elements\nand compounds using two different datasets of inorganic chemical and material\ncompounds, as well as study their topology. We discover that the connectivity\nbetween elements and compounds is distributed exponentially for materials, and\nwith a fat tail for chemicals. Compounds networks show similar distribution of\ndegrees, and feature a highly-connected club due to oxygen. Chemical compounds\nnetworks appear more modular than material ones, while the communities detected\nreveal different dominant elements specific to the topology. We successfully\nreproduce the connectivity of the empirical chemicals and materials networks by\nusing a family of fitness models, where the fitness values are derived from the\nabundances of the elements in the aggregate compound data. Our results pave the\nway towards a relational network-based understanding of the inherent complexity\nof the vast chemical knowledge atlas, and our methodology can be applied to\nother systems with the ingredient-composite structure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extrapolation-CAM Theory for Critical Exponents: By intentionally underestimating the rate of convergence of\nexact-diagonalization values for the mass or energy gaps of finite systems, we\nform families of sequences of gap estimates. The gap estimates cross zero with\ngenerically nonzero linear terms in their Taylor expansions, so that $\\nu = 1$\nfor each member of these sequences of estimates. Thus, the Coherent Anomaly\nMethod can be used to determine $\\nu$. Our freedom in deciding exactly how to\nunderestimate the convergence allows us to choose the sequence that displays\nthe clearest coherent anomaly. We demonstrate this approach on the\ntwo-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising model, for which $\\nu = 1$. We also use it\non the three-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising model, finding $\\nu \\approx\n0.629$, in good agreement with other estimates.",
        "positive": "Locality and Non-locality in Elasto-plastic Responses of Amorphous\n  Solids: A number of current theories of plasticity in amorphous solids assume at\ntheir basis that plastic deformations are spatially localized. We present in\nthis paper a series of numerical experiments to test the degree of locality of\nplastic deformation. These experiments increase in terms of the stringency of\nthe removal of elastic contributions to the observed elasto-plastic\ndeformations. It is concluded that for all our simulational protocols the\nplastic deformations are not localized, and their scaling is sub-extensive. We\noffer a number of measures of the magnitude of the plastic deformation, all of\nwhich display sub-extensive scaling characterized by non-trivial exponents. We\nprovide some evidence that the scaling exponents governing the sub-extensive\nscaling laws are non-universal, depending on the degree of disorder and on the\nparameters of the systems. Nevertheless understanding what determines these\nexponents should shed considerable light on the physics of amorphous solids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "DNA bubble dynamics as a quantum Coulomb problem: We study the dynamics of denaturation bubbles in double-stranded DNA on the\nbasis of the Poland-Scheraga model. We demonstrate that the associated\nFokker-Planck equation is equivalent to a Coulomb problem. Below the melting\ntemperature the bubble lifetime is associated with the continuum of scattering\nstates of the repulsive Coulomb potential, at the melting temperature the\nCoulomb potential vanishes and the underlying first exit dynamics exhibits a\nlong time power law tail, above the melting temperature, corresponding to an\nattractive Coulomb potential, the long time dynamics is controlled by the\nlowest bound state. Correlations and finite size effects are discussed.",
        "positive": "A challenge in enumerative combinatorics: The graph of contribution: We will try to sketch Professor F. Y. Wu's contributions in lattice\nstatistical mechanics, solid state physics, graph theory, enumerative\ncombinatorics and so many other domains of physics and mathematics. We will\nrecall F. Y. Wu's most important and well-known classic results and we will\nalso sketch his most recent researches dedicated to the connections of lattice\nstatistical mechanical models with deep problems in pure mathematics. Since it\nis hard to provide an exhaustive list of all his contributions, to give some\nrepresentation of F. Y. Wu's \"mental connectivity\" we will concentrate on the\ninterrelations between the various results he has obtained in so many different\ndomains of physics and mathematics. Along the way we will also try to\nunderstand Wu's motivations and his favorite concepts, tools and ideas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Event-Driven Monte Carlo: exact dynamics at all time-scales for\n  discrete-variable models: We present an algorithm for the simulation of the exact real-time dynamics of\nclassical many-body systems with discrete energy levels. In the same spirit of\nkinetic Monte Carlo methods, a stochastic solution of the master equation is\nfound, with no need to define any other phase-space construction. However,\nunlike existing methods, the present algorithm does not assume any particular\nstatistical distribution to perform moves or to advance the time, and thus is a\nunique tool for the numerical exploration of fast and ultra-fast dynamical\nregimes. By decomposing the problem in a set of two-level subsystems, we find a\nnatural variable step size, that is well defined from the normalization\ncondition of the transition probabilities between the levels. We successfully\ntest the algorithm with known exact solutions for non-equilibrium dynamics and\nequilibrium thermodynamical properties of Ising-spin models in one and two\ndimensions, and compare to standard implementations of kinetic Monte Carlo\nmethods. The present algorithm is directly applicable to the study of the real\ntime dynamics of a large class of classical markovian chains, and particularly\nto short-time situations where the exact evolution is relevant.",
        "positive": "Low-Temperature Magnetization Relaxation in Magnetic Molecular Solids: The low temperature relaxation of the magnetization in magnetic molecular\nsolids such as Fe$_8$ is studied using Monte Carlo simulations. A set of rate\nequations is developed to understand the simulations, and the results are\ncompared. The simulations show that the magnetization of an initially saturated\nsamples deviates as a square-root in time at short times, as observed\nexperimentally, and this law is derived from the rate equations analytically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reinforcement Learning with Tensor Networks: Application to Dynamical\n  Large Deviations: We present a framework to integrate tensor network (TN) methods with\nreinforcement learning (RL) for solving dynamical optimisation tasks. We\nconsider the RL actor-critic method, a model-free approach for solving RL\nproblems, and introduce TNs as the approximators for its policy and value\nfunctions. Our \"actor-critic with tensor networks\" (ACTeN) method is especially\nwell suited to problems with large and factorisable state and action spaces. As\nan illustration of the applicability of ACTeN we solve the exponentially hard\ntask of sampling rare trajectories in two paradigmatic stochastic models, the\nEast model of glasses and the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP), the\nlatter being particularly challenging to other methods due to the absence of\ndetailed balance. With substantial potential for further integration with the\nvast array of existing RL methods, the approach introduced here is promising\nboth for applications in physics and to multi-agent RL problems more generally.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in distributed control systems with multiplicative\n  noise: Contemporary technological challenges often involve many degrees of freedom\nin a distributed or networked setting. Three aspects are notable: the variables\nare usually associated with the nodes of a graph with limited communication\nresources, hindering centralized control; the communication is subjected to\nnoise; and the number of variables can be very large. These three aspects make\ntools and techniques from statistical physics particularly suitable for the\nperformance analysis of such networked systems in the limit of many variables\n(analogous to the thermodynamic limit in statistical physics). Perhaps not\nsurprisingly, phase-transition like phenomena appear in these systems, where a\nsharp change in performance can be observed with a smooth parameter variation,\nwith the change becoming discontinuous or singular in the limit of infinite\nsystem size. In this paper we analyze the so called network consensus problem,\nprototypical of the above considerations, that has been previously analyzed\nmostly in the context of additive noise. We show that qualitatively new\nphase-transition like phenomena appear for this problem in the presence of\nmultiplicative noise. Depending on dimensions and on the presence or absence of\na conservation law, the system performance shows a discontinuous change at a\nthreshold value of the multiplicative noise strength. In the absence of the\nconservation law, and for graph spectral dimension less than two, the\nmultiplicative noise threshold (the stability margin of the control problem) is\nzero. This is reminiscent of the absence of robust controllers for certain\nclasses of centralized control problems. Although our study involves a toy\nmodel we believe that the qualitative features are generic, with implication\nfor the robust stability of distributed control systems, as well as the effect\nof roundoff errors and communication noise on distributed algorithms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimizing Thermodynamic Cycles with Two Finite-Sized Reservoirs: We study the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of a heat engine operating\nbetween two finite-sized reservoirs with well-defined temperatures. Within the\nlinear response regime, it is found that the uniform temperature of the two\nreservoirs at final time $\\tau$ is bounded from below by the entropy production\n$\\sigma_{\\mathrm{min}}\\propto1/\\tau$. We discover a general power-efficiency\ntrade-off depending on the ratio of heat capacities ($\\gamma$) of the\nreservoirs for the engine. And a universal efficiency at maximum average power\nof the engine for arbitrary $\\gamma$ is obtained. For practical purposes, the\noperation protocol of an ideal gas heat engine to achieve the optimal\nperformance associated with $\\sigma_{\\mathrm{min}}$ is demonstrated. Our\nfindings can be used to develop an general optimization scenario for\nthermodynamic cycles with finite-sized reservoirs in real-world circumstances.",
        "positive": "Memory Effects in Schematic Models of Glasses Subjected to Oscillatory\n  Deformation: We consider two schematic models of glasses subjected to oscillatory shear\ndeformation, motivated by the observations, in computer simulations of a model\nglass, of a nonequilibrium transition from a localized to a diffusive regime as\nthe shear amplitude is increased, and of persistent memory effects in the\nlocalized regime. The first of these schematic models is the NK model, a spin\nmodel with disordered multi-spin interactions previously studied as a model for\nsheared amorphous solids. The second model, a transition matrix model, is an\nabstract formulation of the manner in which occupancy of local energy minima\nevolves under oscillatory deformation cycles. In both of these models, we find\na behavior similar to that of an atomic model glass studied earlier. We discuss\npossible further extensions of the approaches outlined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Splitting Probabilities of Jump Processes: We derive a universal, exact asymptotic form of the splitting probability for\nsymmetric continuous jump processes, which quantifies the probability $\n\\pi_{0,\\underline{x}}(x_0)$ that the process crosses $x$ before 0 starting from\na given position $x_0\\in[0,x]$ in the regime $x_0\\ll x$. This analysis provides\nin particular a fully explicit determination of the transmission probability\n($x_0=0$), in striking contrast with the trivial prediction $\n\\pi_{0,\\underline{x}}(0)=0$ obtained by taking the continuous limit of the\nprocess, which reveals the importance of the microscopic properties of the\ndynamics. These results are illustrated with paradigmatic models of jump\nprocesses with applications to light scattering in heterogeneous media in\nrealistic 3$d$ slab geometries. In this context, our explicit predictions of\nthe transmission probability, which can be directly measured experimentally,\nprovide a quantitative characterization of the effective random process\ndescribing light scattering in the medium.",
        "positive": "Synchronization and phase redistribution in self-replicating populations\n  of coupled oscillators and excitable elements: We study the dynamics of phase synchronization in growing populations of\ndiscrete phase oscillatory systems when the division process is coupled to the\ndistribution of oscillator phases. Using mean field theory, linear stability\nanalysis, and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that coupling between\npopulation growth and synchrony can lead to a wide range of dynamical behavior,\nincluding extinction of synchronized oscillations, the emergence of\nasynchronous states with unequal state (phase) distributions, bistability\nbetween oscillatory and asynchronous states or between two asynchronous states,\na switch between continuous (supercritical) and discontinuous (subcritical)\ntransitions, and modulation of the frequency of bulk oscillations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fusion Operators in the Generalized $\u03c4^{(2)}$-model and Root-of-unity\n  Symmetry of the XXZ Spin Chain of Higher Spin: We construct the fusion operators in the generalized $\\tau^{(2)}$-model using\nthe fused $L$-operators, and verify the fusion relations with the truncation\nidentity. The algebraic Bethe ansatz discussion is conducted on two special\nclasses of $\\tau^{(2)}$ which include the superintegrable chiral Potts model.\nWe then perform the parallel discussion on the XXZ spin chain at roots of\nunity, and demonstrate that the $sl_2$-loop-algebra symmetry exists for the\nroot-of-unity XXZ spin chain with a higher spin, where the evaluation\nparameters for the symmetry algebra are identified by the explicit\nFabricius-McCoy current for the Bethe states. Parallels are also drawn to the\ncomparison with the superintegrable chiral Potts model.",
        "positive": "Thermal buckling transition of crystalline membranes in a field: Two dimensional crystalline membranes in isotropic embedding space exhibit a\nflat phase with anomalous elasticity, relevant e.g., for graphene. Here we\nstudy their thermal fluctuations in the absence of exact rotational invariance\nin the embedding space. An example is provided by a membrane in an\norientational field, tuned to a critical buckling point by application of\nin-plane stresses. Through a detailed analysis, we show that the transition is\nin a new universality class. The self-consistent screening method predicts a\nsecond order transition, with modified anomalous elasticity exponents at\ncriticality, while the RG suggests a weakly first order transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interfacial tension and wall energy of a Bose-Einstein condensate binary\n  mixture: triple-parabola approximation: Accurate and useful analytic approximations are developed for order parameter\nprofiles and interfacial tensions of phase-separated binary mixtures of\nBose-Einstein condensates. The pure condensates 1 and 2, each of which contains\na particular species of atoms, feature healing lengths $\\xi_1$ and $\\xi_2$. The\ninter-atomic interactions are repulsive. In particular, the effective\ninter-species repulsive interaction strength is $K$. A triple-parabola\napproximation (TPA) is proposed, to represent closely the energy density\nfeatured in Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) theory. This TPA allows us to define a model,\nwhich is a handy alternative to the full GP theory, while still possessing a\nsimple analytic solution. The TPA offers a significant improvement over the\nrecently introduced double-parabola approximation (DPA). In particular, a more\naccurate amplitude for the wall energy (of a single condensate) is derived and,\nimportantly, a more correct expression for the interfacial tension (of two\ncondensates) is obtained, which describes better its dependence on $K$ in the\nstrong segregation regime, while also the interface profiles undergo a\nqualitative improvement.",
        "positive": "Towards a large deviation theory for statistical-mechanical complex\n  systems: The theory of large deviations constitutes a mathematical cornerstone in the\nfoundations of Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics, based on the additive\nentropy $S_{BG}=- k_B\\sum_{i=1}^W p_i \\ln p_i$. Its optimization under\nappropriate constraints yields the celebrated BG weight $e^{-\\beta E_i}$. An\nelementary large-deviation connection is provided by $N$ independent binary\nvariables, which, in the $N\\to\\infty$ limit yields a Gaussian distribution. The\nprobability of having $n \\ne N/2$ out of $N$ throws is governed by the\nexponential decay $e^{-N r}$, where the rate function $r$ is directly related\nto the relative BG entropy. To deal with a wide class of complex systems,\nnonextensive statistical mechanics has been proposed, based on the nonadditive\nentropy $S_q=k_B\\frac{1- \\sum_{i=1}^W p_i^q}{q-1}$ ($q \\in {\\cal R};\n\\,S_1=S_{BG}$). Its optimization yields the generalized weight $e_q^{-\\beta_q\nE_i}$ ($e_q^z \\equiv [1+(1-q)z]^{1/(1-q)};\\,e_1^z=e^z)$. We numerically study\nlarge deviations for a strongly correlated model which depends on the indices\n$Q \\in [1,2)$ and $\\gamma \\in (0,1)$. This model provides, in the $N\\to\\infty$\nlimit ($\\forall \\gamma$), $Q$-Gaussian distributions, ubiquitously observed in\nnature ($Q\\to 1$ recovers the independent binary model). We show that its\ncorresponding large deviations are governed by $e_q^{-N r_q}$ ($\\propto\n1/N^{1/(q-1)}$ if $q>1$) where $q= \\frac{Q-1}{\\gamma (3-Q)}+1 \\ge 1$. This\n$q$-generalized illustration opens wide the door towards a desirable\nlarge-deviation foundation of nonextensive statistical mechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-temperature critical behavior of long-range quantum Ising models: We study the phase diagram and critical properties of quantum Ising chains\nwith long-range ferromagnetic interactions decaying in a power-law fashion with\nexponent $\\alpha$, in regimes of direct interest for current trapped ion\nexperiments. Using large-scale path integral Monte Carlo simulations, we\ninvestigate both the ground-state and the nonzero-temperature regimes. We\nidentify the phase boundary of the ferromagnetic phase and obtain accurate\nestimates for the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition temperatures. We\nfurther determine the critical exponents of the respective transitions. Our\nresults are in agreement with existing predictions for interaction exponents\n$\\alpha > 1$ up to small deviations in some critical exponents. We also address\nthe elusive regime $\\alpha < 1$, where we find that the universality class of\nboth the ground-state and nonzero-temperature transition is consistent with the\nmean-field limit at $\\alpha = 0$. Our work not only contributes to the\nunderstanding of the equilibrium properties of long-range interacting quantum\nIsing models, but can also be important for addressing fundamental dynamical\naspects, such as issues concerning the open question of thermalization in such\nmodels.",
        "positive": "Self-organization in dissipative optical lattices: We show that the transition from Gaussian to the q-Gaussian distributions\noccurring in atomic transport in dissipative optical lattices can be\ninterpreted as self-organization by recourse to a modified version of\nKlimontovich's S-theorem. As a result, we find that self-organization is\npossible in the transition regime, only where the second moment <p^{2}> is\nfinite. Therefore, the nonadditivity parameter q is confined within the range\n1<q<5/3, although whole spectrum of q values i.e., 1<q<3, is considered\ntheoretically possible. The range of q values obtained from the modified\nS-theorem is also confirmed by the experiments carried out by Douglas et al.\n[Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 110601 (2006)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion in a Time-dependent External Field: The problem of diffusion in a time-dependent (and generally inhomogeneous)\nexternal field is considered on the basis of a generalized master equation with\ntwo times, introduced in [1,2]. We consider the case of the quasi Fokker-Planck\napproximation, when the probability transition function for diffusion\n(PTD-function) does not possess a long tail in coordinate space and can be\nexpanded as a function of instantaneous displacements. The more complicated\ncase of long tails in the PTD will be discussed separately. We also discuss\ndiffusion on the basis of hydrodynamic and kinetic equations and show the\nvalidity of the phenomenological approach. A new type of \"collision\" integral\nis introduced for the description of diffusion in a system of particles, which\ncan transfer from a moving state to the rest state (with some waiting time\ndistribution). The solution of the appropriate kinetic equation in the external\nfield also confirms the phenomenological approach of the generalized master\nequation.",
        "positive": "On compatibility of the Natural configuration framework with GENERIC:\n  Derivation of anisotropic rate-type models: Within the framework of natural configurations developed by Rajagopal and\nSrinivasa, evolution within continuum thermodynamics is formulated as evolution\nof a natural configuration linked with the current configuration. On the other\nhand, withing the General Equation for Non-Equilibrium Reversible-Irreversible\nCoupling (GENERIC) framework, the evolution is split into Hamiltonian mechanics\nand (generalized) gradient dynamics. These seemingly radically different\napproaches have actually a lot in common and we show their compatibility on a\nwide range of models. Both frameworks are illustrated on~isotropic and\nanisotropic rate-type fluid models. We propose an interpretation of the natural\nconfigurations within GENERIC and vice versa (when possible)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "L\u00e9vy flights in the presence of a point sink of finite strength: In this paper, the absorption of a particle undergoing L\\'{e}vy flight in the\npresence of a point sink of arbitrary strength and position is studied. The\nmotion of such a particle is given by a modified Fokker-Planck equation whose\nexact solution in the Laplace domain can be described in terms of the Laplace\ntransform of the unperturbed (absence of the sink) Green's function. This\nsolution for the Green's function is a well-studied, generic result which\napplies to both fractional and usual Fokker-Planck equations alike. Using this\nresult, the propagator and the absorption time distribution are obtained for\nfree L\\'{e}vy flight and L\\'{e}vy flight in linear and harmonic potentials in\nthe presence of a delta function sink, and their dependence on the sink\nstrength is analyzed. Analytical results are presented for the long-time\nbehaviour of the absorption time distribution in all the three above mentioned\npotentials. Simulation results are found to corroborate closely with the\nanalytical results.",
        "positive": "The number statistics and optimal history of non-equilibrium steady\n  states of mortal diffusing particles: Suppose that a point-like steady source at $x=0$ injects particles into a\nhalf-infinite line. The particles diffuse and die. At long times a\nnon-equilibrium steady state sets in, and we assume that it involves many\nparticles. If the particles are non-interacting, their total number $N$ in the\nsteady state is Poisson-distributed with mean $\\bar{N}$ predicted from a\ndeterministic reaction-diffusion equation. Here we determine the most likely\ndensity history of this driven system conditional on observing a given $N$. We\nalso consider two prototypical examples of \\emph{interacting} diffusing\nparticles: (i) a family of mortal diffusive lattice gases with constant\ndiffusivity (as illustrated by the simple symmetric exclusion process with\nmortal particles), and (ii) random walkers that can annihilate in pairs. In\nboth examples we calculate the variances of the (non-Poissonian) stationary\ndistributions of $N$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Statistical Theory of Isotropic Turbulence Well-Defined within the\n  Context of the $\u03b5$ Expansion: A new statistical field-theory model of isotropic turbulence is introduced.\nThe model renormalizes the effects of turbulent stresses into a\nvelocity-gradient-dependent random force. The model is well-defined within the\ncontext of the renormalization group $\\epsilon$ expansion, as the effective\nexpansion parameter is $O(\\epsilon)$. The Kolmogorov constant and $N$ parameter\nof turbulence are of order unity, in accord with experimental results.\nNontrivial intermittency corrections to the single-time structure functions are\ncalculated as a controlled expansion in $\\epsilon$.",
        "positive": "Viral Load Inference in Non-Adaptive Pooled Testing: Medical diagnostic testing can be made significantly more efficient using\npooled testing protocols. These typically require a sparse infection signal and\nuse either binary or real-valued entries of O(1). However, existing methods do\nnot allow for inferring viral loads which span many orders of magnitude. We\ndevelop a message passing algorithm coupled with a PCR (Polymerase Chain\nReaction) specific noise function to allow accurate inference of realistic\nviral load signals. This work is in the non-adaptive setting and could open the\npossibility of efficient screening where viral load determination is clinically\nimportant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-dimensional charge order in layered 2-1-4 perovskite oxides: Monte Carlo simulations are performed on the three-dimensional (3D) Ising\nmodel with the 2-1-4 layered perovskite structure as a minimal model for\ncheckerboard charge ordering phenomena in layered perovskite oxides. Due to the\ninterlayer frustration, only 2D long-range order emerges with a finite\ncorrelation length along the c axis. Critical exponents of the transition\nchange continuously as a function of the interlayer coupling constant. The\ninterlayer long-range Coulomb interaction decays exponentially and is\nnegligible even between the second-neighbor layers. Instead, monoclinic\ndistortion of a tetragonal unit cell lifts the macroscopic degeneracy to induce\na 3D charge ordering. The dimensionality of the charge order in\nLa$_{0.5}$Sr$_{1.5}$MnO$_4$ is discussed from this viewpoint.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of quantum dissipative many-body systems: We consider quantum nonlinear many-body systems with dissipation described\nwithin the Caldeira-Leggett model, i.e., by a nonlocal action in the path\nintegral for the density matrix. Approximate classical-like formulas for\nthermodynamic quantities are derived for the case of many degrees of freedom,\nwith general kinetic and dissipative quadratic forms. The underlying scheme is\nthe pure-quantum self-consistent harmonic approximation (PQSCHA), equivalent to\nthe variational approach by the Feynman-Jensen inequality with a suitable\nquadratic nonlocal trial action. A low-coupling approximation permits to get\nmanageable PQSCHA expressions for quantum thermal averages with a classical\nBoltzmann factor involving an effective potential and an inner Gaussian average\nthat describes the fluctuations originating from the interplay of quanticity\nand dissipation. The application of the PQSCHA to a quantum phi4-chain with\nDrude-like dissipation shows nontrivial effects of dissipation, depending upon\nits strength and bandwidth."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exclusion Processes with Internal States: We introduce driven exclusion processes with internal states that serve as\ngeneric transport models in various contexts, ranging from molecular or\nvehicular traffic on parallel lanes to spintronics. The ensuing non-equilibrium\nsteady states are controllable by boundary as well as bulk rates. A striking\npolarization phenomenon accompanied by domain wall motion and delocalization is\ndiscovered within a mesoscopic scaling. We quantify this observation within an\nanalytic description providing exact phase diagrams. Our results are confirmed\nby stochastic simulations.",
        "positive": "Flip dynamics in three-dimensional random tilings: We study single-flip dynamics in sets of three-dimensional rhombus tilings\nwith fixed polyhedral boundaries. This dynamics is likely to be slowed down by\nso-called ``cycles'': such structures arise when tilings are encoded via the\n``partition-on-tiling'' method and are susceptible to break connectivity by\nflips or at least ergodicity, because they locally suppress a significant\namount of flip degrees of freedom. We first address the so-far open question of\nthe connectivity of tiling sets by elementary flips. We prove exactly that sets\nof tilings of codimension one and two are connected for any dimension and\ntiling size. For higher-codimension tilings of dimension 3, the answer depends\non the precise choice of the edge orientations, which is a non-trivial issue.\nIn most cases, we can prove connectivity despite the existence of cycles. In\nthe few remaining cases, among which the icosahedral symmetry, the question\nremains open. We also study numerically flip-assisted diffusion to explore the\npossible effects of the previously mentioned cycles. Cycles do not seem to slow\ndown significantly the dynamics, at least as far as self-diffusion is\nconcerned."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical dynamics at incommensurate phase transitions and NMR relaxation\n  experiments: We study the critical dynamics of crystals which undergo a second-order phase\ntransition from a high-temperature normal phase to a structurally\nincommensurate (IC) modulated phase. We give a comprehensive description of the\ncritical dynamics of such systems, e.g. valid for crystals of the A_2BX_4\nfamily. Using an extended renormalization scheme, we present a framework in\nwhich we analyze the phases above and below the critical temperature T_I. Above\nT_I, the crossover from the critical behavior to the mean-field regime is\nstudied. Specifically, the resulting width of the critical region is\ninvestigated. In the IC modulated phase, we consider explicitly the coupling of\nthe order parameter modes to one-loop order. Here the Goldstone anomalies and\ntheir effect on measurable quantities are investigated. We show their relation\nwith the postulated phason gap. While the theory can be applied to a variety of\nexperiments, we concentrate on quadrupole-perturbed nuclear magnetic resonance\n(NMR) experiments. We find excellent agreement with these dynamical\nmeasurements and provide answers for some questions that arose from recent\nresults.",
        "positive": "A Monte Carlo Formulation of the Bogolubov Theory: We propose an efficient stochastic method to implement numerically the\nBogolubov approach to study finite-temperature Bose-Einstein condensates. Our\nmethod is based on the Wigner representation of the density matrix describing\nthe non condensed modes and a Brownian motion simulation to sample the Wigner\ndistribution at thermal equilibrium. Allowing to sample any density operator\nGaussian in the field variables, our method is very general and it applies both\nto the Bogolubov and to the Hartree-Fock Bogolubov approach, in the equilibrium\ncase as well as in the time-dependent case. We think that our method can be\nuseful to study trapped Bose-Einstein condensates in two or three spatial\ndimensions without rotational symmetry properties, as in the case of\ncondensates with vortices, where the traditional Bogolubov approach is\ndifficult to implement numerically due to the need to diagonalize very big\nmatrices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Apex Exponents for Polymer--Probe Interactions: We consider self-avoiding polymers attached to the tip of an impenetrable\nprobe. The scaling exponents $\\gamma_1$ and $\\gamma_2$, characterizing the\nnumber of configurations for the attachment of the polymer by one end, or at\nits midpoint, vary continuously with the tip's angle. These apex exponents are\ncalculated analytically by $\\epsilon$-expansion, and numerically by simulations\nin three dimensions. We find that when the polymer can move through the\nattachment point, it typically slides to one end; the apex exponents quantify\nthe entropic barrier to threading the eye of the probe.",
        "positive": "Statistical complexity and the road to equilibrium in many-body chaotic\n  quantum systems: In this work we revisit the problem of equilibration in isolated many-body\ninteracting quantum systems. We pay particular attention to quantum chaotic\nHamiltonians, and rather than focusing on the properties of the asymptotic\nstates and how they adhere to the predictions of the Eigenstate Thermalization\nHypothesis, we focus on the equilibration process itself, i.e., \\emph{the road\nto equilibrium}. Along the road to equilibrium the diagonal ensembles obey an\nemergent form of the second law of thermodynamics and we provide an information\ntheoretic proof of this fact. With this proof at hand we show that the road to\nequilibrium is nothing but a hierarchy in time of diagonal ensembles.\nFurthermore, introducing the notions of statistical complexity and the\nentropy-complexity plane, we investigate the uniqueness of the road to\nequilibrium in a generic many-body system by comparing its trajectories in the\nentropy-complexity plane to those generated by a random Hamiltonian. Finally by\ntreating the random Hamiltonian as a perturbation we analyzed the stability of\nentropy-complexity trajectories associated with the road to equilibrium for a\nchaotic Hamiltonian and different types of initial states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bound States of Majorana Fermions in Semi-classical Approximation: We derive a semi-classical formula for computing the spectrum of bound states\nmade of Majorana fermions in a generic non-integrable 2d quantum field theory\nwith a set of degenerate vacua. We illustrate the application of the formula in\na series of cases, including an asymmetric well potential where the spectra of\nbosons and fermions may have some curious features. We also discuss the merging\nof fermionic and bosonic spectra in the presence of supersymmetry. Finally, we\nuse the semi-classical formula to analyse the evolution of the particle spectra\nin a class of non-integrable supersymmetry models.",
        "positive": "Path-integral Monte Carlo and the squeezed trapped Bose-Einstein gas: Bose-Einstein condensation has been experimentally found to take place in\nfinite trapped systems when one of the confining frequencies is increased until\nthe gas becomes effectively two-dimensional (2D). We confirm the plausibility\nof this result by performing path-integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations of\ntrapped Bose gases of increasing anisotropy and comparing them to the\npredictions of finite-temperature many-body theory. PIMC simulations provide an\nessentially exact description of these systems; they yield the density profile\ndirectly and provide two different estimates for the condensate fraction. For\nthe ideal gas, we find that the PIMC column density of the squeezed gas\ncorresponds quite accurately to that of the exact analytic solution and,\nmoreover, is well mimicked by the density of a 2D gas at the same temperature;\nthe two estimates for the condensate fraction bracket the exact result. For the\ninteracting case, we find 2D Hartree-Fock solutions whose density profiles\ncoincide quite well with the PIMC column densities and whose predictions for\nthe condensate fraction are again bracketed by the PIMC estimates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Activating critical exponent spectra with a slow drive: We uncover an aspect of the Kibble--Zurek phenomenology, according to which\nthe spectrum of critical exponents of a classical or quantum phase transition\nis revealed, by driving the system slowly in directions parallel to the phase\nboundary. This result is obtained in a renormalization group formulation of the\nKibble--Zurek scenario, and based on a connection between the breaking of\nadiabaticity and the exiting of the critical domain via new relevant directions\ninduced by the slow drive. The mechanism does not require fine tuning, in the\nsense that scaling originating from irrelevant operators is observable in an\nextensive regime of drive parameters. Therefore, it should be observable in\nquantum simulators or dynamically tunable condensed-matter platforms.",
        "positive": "Structure of the square-shoulder fluid: The structural properties of square-shoulder fluids are derived from the use\nof the rational function approximation method. The computation of both the\nradial distribution function and the static structure factor involves mostly\nanalytical steps, requiring only the numerical solution of a single\ntranscendental equation. The comparison with available simulation data and with\nnumerical solutions of the Percus-Yevick and hypernetted-chain integral\nequations shows that the present approximation represents an improvement over\nthe Percus-Yevick theory for this system and a reasonable compromise between\naccuracy and simplicity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface rearrangement at complex adsorbate-substrate interfaces: On the basis of the information theory approach we propose a novel\nstatistical scheme for analyzing the evolution of coupled adsorbate-substrate\nsystems, in which the substrate undergoes the adsorbate-induced\ntransformations. A relation between the substrate morphology and the adsorbate\nthermodynamic state is established. This allows one to estimate the surface\nstructure in terms of incomplete experimental information and the one\nconcerning the adsorbate thermodynamic response to the structural\nmodifications.",
        "positive": "Duality symmetries in driven one-dimensional hopping models: We consider some duality relations for models of non-interacting particles\nhopping on disordered one-dimensional chains. In particular, we discuss\nsymmetries of bulk-driven barrier and trap models, and relations between\nboundary-driven and equilibrium models with related energy landscapes. We\ndiscuss the relationships between these duality relations and similar results\nfor interacting many-body systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New probability distribution describing emergence in state space: We revisit the pairing model of state spaces with new emergent states\nintroduced in J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 51 375002, 2018.\n  We facilitate our analysis by introducing a simplified pairing model\nconsisting of balls able to form pairs but without any internal structure.\n  For both the simplified and the original model we compute exactly the\nprobability distribution for observing a state with $n_p$ pairs. We show this\ndistribution satisfies a large deviation principle with speed $n \\ln(n)$. We\npresent closed form expressions for a variety of statistical quantities\nincluding moments and marginal distributions.",
        "positive": "Connection between maximum-work and maximum-power thermal cycles: We propose a new connection between maximum-power Curzon-Ahlborn thermal\ncycles and maximum-work reversible cycles. This linkage is built through a\nmapping between the exponents of a class of heat transfer laws and the\nexponents of a family of heat capacities depending on temperature. This\nconnection leads to the recovery of known results and to a wide and interesting\nset of new results for a class of thermal cycles. Among other results we find\nthat it is possible to use analytically closed expressions for maximum-work\nefficiencies to calculate good approaches to maximum-power efficiencies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation transition in large deviations of self-similar Gaussian\n  processes with stochastic resetting: We study the fluctuations of the area $A(t)= \\int_0^t x(\\tau)\\, d\\tau$ under\na self-similar Gaussian process (SGP) $x(\\tau)$ with Hurst exponent $H>0$\n(e.g., standard or fractional Brownian motion, or the random acceleration\nprocess) that stochastically resets to the origin at rate $r$. Typical\nfluctuations of $A(t)$ scale as $\\sim \\sqrt{t}$ for large $t$ and on this scale\nthe distribution is Gaussian, as one would expect from the central limit\ntheorem. Here our main focus is on atypically large fluctuations of $A(t)$. In\nthe long-time limit $t\\to\\infty$, we find that the full distribution of the\narea takes the form\n$P_{r}\\left(A|t\\right)\\sim\\exp\\left[-t^{\\alpha}\\Phi\\left(A/t^{\\beta}\\right)\\right]$\nwith anomalous exponents $\\alpha=1/(2H+2)$ and $\\beta = (2H+3)/(4H+4)$ in the\nregime of moderately large fluctuations, and a different anomalous scaling form\n$P_{r}\\left(A|t\\right)\\sim\\exp\\left[-t\\Psi\\left(A/t^{\\left(2H+3\\right)/2}\\right)\\right]$\nin the regime of very large fluctuations. The associated rate functions\n$\\Phi(y)$ and $\\Psi(w)$ depend on $H$ and are found exactly. Remarkably,\n$\\Phi(y)$ has a singularity that we interpret as a first-order dynamical\ncondensation transition, while $\\Psi(w)$ exhibits a second-order dynamical\nphase transition above which the number of resetting events ceases to be\nextensive. The parabolic behavior of $\\Phi(y)$ around the origin $y=0$\ncorrectly describes the typical, Gaussian fluctuations of $A(t)$. Despite these\nanomalous scalings, we find that all of the cumulants of the distribution\n$P_{r}\\left(A|t\\right)$ grow linearly in time, $\\langle A^n\\rangle_c\\approx c_n\n\\, t$, in the long-time limit. For the case of reset Brownian motion\n(corresponding to $H=1/2$), we develop a recursive scheme to calculate the\ncoefficients $c_n$ exactly and use it to calculate the first 6 nonvanishing\ncumulants.",
        "positive": "Discrete Persistent Chain Model for Protein Binding on DNA: We describe and solve a discrete persistent chain model of protein binding on\nDNA, involving an extra sigma_i s at a site i of the DNA. This variable takes\nthe value 1 or 0 depending on whether the site is occupied by a protein or not.\nIn addition, if the site is occupied by a protein, there is an extra energy\ncost epsilon. For small force, we obtain analytic expressions for the\nforce-extension curve and the fraction of bound protein on the DNA.For higher\nforces, the model can be solved numerically to obtain force extension curves\nand the average fraction of bound proteins as a function of applied force. Our\nmodel can be used to analyze experimental force extension curves of protein\nbinding on DNA, and hence deduce the number of bound proteins in the case of\nnon-specific binding."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport coefficients at Metastable Densities from models of\n  Generalized Hydrodynamics: In the present work we compute the enhancement in the long time transport\ncoefficients due to correlated motion of fluid particles at high density. The\nfully wave vecor dependent extended mode coupling model is studied with the\ninclusion of an additional slow variable of the defect density for the\namorphous system.\n  We use the extremely slow relaxation of the density correlation function\nobserved in the light scattering experiments on colloids to estimate the input\nparameters for the model The ratio of long time to short time diffusion\ncoefficient is studied around the the peak of the structure factor.",
        "positive": "Surface Hopping Propagator: An Alternative Approach to\n  Diffusion-Influenced Reactions: Dynamics of a particle diffusing in a confinement can be seen a sequence of\nbulk-diffusion-mediated hops on the confinement surface. Here, we investigate\nthe surface hopping propagator that describes the position of the diffusing\nparticle after a prescribed number of encounters with that surface. This\nquantity plays the central role in diffusion-influenced reactions and\ndetermines their most common characteristics such as the propagator, the\nfirst-passage time distribution, and the reaction rate. We derive explicit\nformulas for the surface hopping propagator and related quantities for several\nEuclidean domains: half-space, circular annuli, circular cylinders, and\nspherical shells. These results provide the theoretical ground for studying\ndiffusion-mediated surface phenomena. The behavior of the surface hopping\npropagator is investigated for both \"immortal\" and \"mortal\" particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modelling avalanches in martensites: Solids subject to continuous changes of temperature or mechanical load often\nexhibit discontinuous avalanche-like responses. For instance, avalanche\ndynamics have been observed during plastic deformation, fracture, domain\nswitching in ferroic materials or martensitic transformations. The statistical\nanalysis of avalanches reveals a very complex scenario with a distinctive lack\nof characteristic scales. Much effort has been devoted in the last decades to\nunderstand the origin and ubiquity of scale-free behaviour in solids and many\nother systems. This chapter reviews some efforts to understand the\ncharacteristics of avalanches in martensites through mathematical modelling.",
        "positive": "Oscillations in feedback driven systems: thermodynamics and noise: Oscillations in nonequilibrium noisy systems are important physical\nphenomena. These oscillations can happen in autonomous biochemical oscillators\nsuch as circadian clocks. They can also manifest as subharmonic oscillations in\nperiodically driven systems such as time-crystals. Oscillations in autonomous\nsystems and, to a lesser degree, subharmonic oscillations in periodically\ndriven systems have been both thoroughly investigated, including their relation\nwith thermodynamic cost and noise. We perform a systematic study of\noscillations in a third class of nonequilibrium systems: feedback driven\nsystems. In particular, we use the apparatus of stochastic thermodynamics to\ninvestigate the role of noise and thermodynamic cost in feedback driven\noscillations. For a simple two-state model that displays oscillations, we\nanalyze the relation between precision and dissipation, revealing that\noscillations can remain coherent for an indefinite time in a finite system with\nthermal fluctuations in a limit of diverging thermodynamic cost. We consider\noscillations in a more complex system with several degrees of freedom, an Ising\nmodel driven by feedback between the magnetization and the external field. This\nfeedback driven system can display subharmonic oscillations similar to the ones\nobserved in time-crystals. We illustrate the second law for feedback driven\nsystems that display oscillations. For the Ising model, the oscillating\ndissipated heat can be negative. However, when we consider the total entropy\nthat also includes an informational term related to measurements, the\noscillating total entropy change is always positive. We also study the\nfinite-size scaling of the dissipated heat, providing evidence for the\nexistence of a first-order phase transition for certain parameter regimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brief introduction to discrete Boltzmann modeling and analysis method: We briefly introduce several fundamental problems that cause the creation of\nDiscrete Boltzmann modeling and analysis Method(DBM), corresponding solutions,\nthe relationship and difference between DBM and traditional fluid modeling and\nother kinetic methods, and some applications of DBM and\ndiscrete/non-equilibrium effects.",
        "positive": "Magnitude-Dependent Omori Law: Empirical Study and Theory: We propose a new physically-based ``multifractal stress activation'' model of\nearthquake interaction and triggering based on two simple ingredients: (i) a\nseismic rupture results from activated processes giving an exponential\ndependence on the local stress; (ii) the stress relaxation has a long memory.\nThe combination of these two effects predicts in a rather general way that\nseismic decay rates after mainshocks follow the Omori law 1/t^p with exponents\np linearly increasing with the magnitude M of the mainshock and the inverse\ntemperature. We carefully test the prediction on the magnitude dependence of p\nby a detailed analysis of earthquake sequences in the Southern California\nEarthquake catalog. We find power law relaxations of seismic sequences\ntriggered by mainshocks with exponents p increasing with the mainshock\nmagnitude by approximately 0.1-0.15 for each magnitude unit increase, from\np(M=3) \\approx 0.6 to p(M=7) \\approx 1.1, in good agreement with the prediction\nof the multifractal model. The results are robust with respect to different\ntime intervals, magnitude ranges and declustering methods. When applied to\nsynthetic catalogs generated by the ETAS (Epidemic-Type Aftershock Sequence)\nmodel constituting a strong null hypothesis with built-in magnitude-independent\n$p$-values, our procedure recovers the correct magnitude-independent p-values.\nOur analysis thus suggests that a new important fact of seismicity has been\nunearthed. We discuss alternative interpretations of the data and describe\nother predictions of the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Parallel Invaded Cluster Algorithm for the Ising Model: A parallel version of the invaded cluster algorithm is described. Results\nfrom large scale (up to 4096^2 and 512^3) simulations of the Ising model are\nreported. No evidence of critical slowing down is found for the\nthree-dimensional Ising model. The magnetic exponent is estimated to be 2.482\n\\pm .001 (beta/nu = 0.518 pm .001) for the three-dimensional Ising model.",
        "positive": "Simulating spin models on GPU: Over the last couple of years it has been realized that the vast\ncomputational power of graphics processing units (GPUs) could be harvested for\npurposes other than the video game industry. This power, which at least\nnominally exceeds that of current CPUs by large factors, results from the\nrelative simplicity of the GPU architectures as compared to CPUs, combined with\na large number of parallel processing units on a single chip. To benefit from\nthis setup for general computing purposes, the problems at hand need to be\nprepared in a way to profit from the inherent parallelism and hierarchical\nstructure of memory accesses. In this contribution I discuss the performance\npotential for simulating spin models, such as the Ising model, on GPU as\ncompared to conventional simulations on CPU."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An approximate solution to the Boltzmann equation for vibrated granular\n  disks: The behaviour of the lower order moments of the velocity distribution\nfunction for a system of inelastic granular disks driven by vertical vibrations\nis studied using a kinetic theory. A perturbative kinetic theory for\nvibro-fluidised beds was proposed by Kumaran (JFM, v. 364, 163). A scheme to\ngeneralise this theory to higher orders in the moments is presented here. With\nsuch a method it is possible to obtain an analytical solution to the moments of\nthe distribution function up to third order.",
        "positive": "Instability Induced Renormalization: It is pointed out that models with condensates have nontrivial\nrenormalization group flow on the tree level. The infinitesimal form of the\ntree level renormalization group equation is obtained and solved numerically\nfor the phi4 model in the symmetry broken phase. We find an attractive infrared\nfixed point that eliminates the metastable region and reproduces the Maxwell\nconstruction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to ``Comments on Kullback-Leibler and renormalized entropies:\n  Applications to electroencephalograms of epilepsy patients\": Kopitzki et al (preceeding comment) claim that the relationship between\nRenormalized and Kullback-Leibler entropies has already been given in their\nprevious papers. Moreover, they argue that the first can give more useful\ninformation for e.g. localizing the seizure-generating area in epilepsy\npatients.\n  In our reply we stress that if the relationship between both entropies would\nhave been known by them, they should have noticed that the condition on the\neffective temperature is unnecessary. Indeed, this condition led them to choose\ndifferent reference segments for different channels, even if this was\nphysiologically unplausible. Therefore, we still argue that it is very unlikely\nthat renormalized entropy will give more information than the conventional\nKullback-Leibler entropy.",
        "positive": "Predicting The Effective Temperaure of a Glass: We explain the findings by Di Leonardo et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 6054\n(2000)] that the effective temperature of a Lennard-Jones glass depends only on\nthe final value of the density in the volume and/or temperature jump that\nproduces the glass phase. This is not only a property of the Lennard-Jones\nliquid, but a feature of all strongly correlating liquids. For such liquids\ndata from a single quench simulation provides enough information to predict the\neffective temperature of any glass produced by jumping from an equilibrium\nstate. This prediction is validated by simulations of the Kob-Andersen binary\nLennard-Jones liquid and shown not to apply for the non-strongly correlating\nmonatomic Lennard-Jones Gaussian liquid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic properties in a family of competitive growing models: The properties of a wide variety of growing models, generically called\n$X/RD$, are studied by means of numerical simulations and analytic\ndevelopments. The study comprises the following $X$ models: Ballistic\nDeposition, Random Deposition with Surface Relaxation, Das Sarma-Tamboronea,\nKim-Kosterlitz, Lai-Das Sarma, Wolf-Villain, Large Curvature, and three\nadditional models that are variants of the Ballistic Deposition model.\n  It is shown that after a growing regime, the interface width becomes\nsaturated at a crossover time ($t_{x2}$) that, by fixing the sample size,\nscales with $p$ according to $t_{x2}(p)\\propto p^{-y}, \\qquad (p > 0)$, where\n$y$ is an exponent. Also, the interface width at saturation ($W_{sat}$) scales\nas $W_{sat}(p)\\propto p^{-\\delta}, \\qquad (p > 0)$, where $\\delta$ is another\nexponent.\n  It is proved that, in any dimension, the exponents $\\delta$ and $y$ obey the\nfollowing relationship: $\\delta = y \\beta_{RD}$, where $\\beta_{RD} = 1/2$ is\nthe growing exponent for $RD$. Furthermore, both exponents exhibit universality\nin the $p \\to 0$ limit.\n  By mapping the behaviour of the average height difference of two neighbouring\nsites in discrete models of type $X/RD$ and two kinds of random walks, we have\ndetermined the exact value of the exponent $\\delta$.\n  Finally, by linking four well-established universality classes (namely\nEdwards-Wilkinson, Kardar-Parisi-Zhang, Linear-MBE and Non-linear-MBE) with the\nproperties of both random walks, eight different stochastic equations for all\nthe competitive models studied are derived.",
        "positive": "The Effect of Defects on Magnetic Droplet Nucleation: Defects and impurities strongly affect the timing and the character of the\n(re)ordering or disordering transitions of thermodynamic systems captured in\nmetastable states. In this paper we analyze the case of two-dimensional\nmagnetic systems. We adapt the classical JMAK theory to account for the effects\nof defects on the free energy barriers, the critical droplet area and the\nassociated metastable time. The resulting predictions are successfully tested\nagainst the Monte-Carlo simulations performed by adopting Glauber dynamics, to\nobtain reliable time-dependent results during the out-of-equilibrium\ntransformations. We also focus on finite-size effects, and study how the\nspinodal line (separating the singledroplet from the multi-droplet regime)\ndepends on the system size, the defect fraction, and the external field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Role of further-neighbor interactions in modulating the critical\n  behavior of the Ising model with frustration: In this work, we investigate the phase transitions and critical behaviors of\nthe frustrated J1-J2-J3 Ising model on the square lattice using Monte Carlo\nsimulations, and particular attention goes to the effect of the second next\nnearest neighbor interaction J3 on the phase transition from a disordered state\nto the single stripe antiferromagnetic state. A continuous Ashkin-Teller-like\ntransition behavior in a certain range of J3 is identified, while the 4-state\nPotts-critical end point [J3/J1]C is estimated based on the analytic method\nreported in earlier work [Jin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 045702 (2012)]. It\nis suggested that the interaction J3 can tune the transition temperature and in\nturn modulate the critical behaviors of the frustrated model. Furthermore, it\nis revealed that an antiferromagnetic J3 can stabilize the staggered dimer\nstate via a phase transition of strong first-order character.",
        "positive": "Locally self-similar phase diagram of the disordered Potts model on the\n  hierarchical lattice: We study the critical behavior of the random q-state Potts model in the\nlarge-q limit on the diamond hierarchical lattice with an effective\ndimensionality $d_{\\rm eff} > 2$. By varying the temperature and the strength\nof the frustration the system has a phase transition line between the\nparamagnetic and the ferromagnetic phases which is controlled by four different\nfixed points. According to our renormalization group study the phase-boundary\nin the vicinity of the multicritical point is self-similar, it is well\nrepresent ed by a logarithmic spiral. We expect infinite number of reentrances\nin the thermodynamic limit, consequently one can not define standard\nthermodynamic phases in this region."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Geometry of Deformed Bosons and Fermions: We construct the thermodynamic geometry of an ideal q-deformed boson and\nfermion gas. We investigate some thermodynamic properties such as the stability\nand statistical interaction. It will be shown that the statistical interaction\nof q-deformed boson gas is attractive, while it is repulsive for the q-deformed\nfermion one. Also, we will consider the singular point of the thermodynamic\ncurvature to obtain some new results about the condensation of q-deformed\nbosons and show that there exist a finite critical phase transition temperature\neven in low dimensions. It is shown that the thermodynamic curvature of\nq-deformed boson and fermion quantum gases diverges as a power-law function\nwith respect to temperature at zero temperature limit.",
        "positive": "Jaynes & Shannon's Constrained Ignorance and Surprise: In this simple article, with possible applications in theoretical and applied\nphysics, we suggest an original way to derive the expression of Shannon's\nentropy from a purely variational approach,using constraints. Based on the work\nof Edwin T. Jaynes, our results are not fundamentally new but the context in\nwhich they are derived might, however, lead to a remarkably consistent\nformalism,where the maximum entropy principle appears naturally. After having\ngiven a general definition of \"ignorance\" in this framework, we derive the\nsomehow general expected expression for the entropy using two approaches. In\nthe first, one is biased and has a vague idea of the shape of the entropy\nfunction. In the second, we consider the general case, where nothing is a\npriori known. The merits of both ways of thinking are compared."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evidence of Intermittent Cascades from Discrete Hierarchical Dissipation\n  in Turbulence: We present the results of a search of log-periodic corrections to scaling in\nthe moments of the energy dissipation rate in experiments at high Reynolds\nnumber (2500) of three-dimensional fully developed turbulence. A simple\ndynamical representation of the Richardson-Kolmogorov cartoon of a cascade\nshows that standard averaging techniques erase by their very construction the\npossible existence of log-periodic corrections to scaling associated with a\ndiscrete hierarchy. To remedy this drawback, we introduce a novel ``canonical''\naveraging that we test extensively on synthetic examples constructed to mimick\nthe interplay between a weak log-periodic component and rather strong\nmultiplicative and phase noises. Our extensive tests confirm the remarkable\nobservation of statistically significant log-periodic corrections to scaling,\nwith a prefered scaling ratio for length scales compatible with the value gamma\n= 2. A strong confirmation of this result is provided by the identification of\nup to 5 harmonics of the fundamental log-periodic undulations, associated with\nup to 5 levels of the underlying hierarchical dynamical structure. A natural\ninterpretation of our results is that the Richardson-Kolmogorov mental picture\nof a cascade becomes a realistic description if one allows for intermittent\nbirths and deaths of discrete cascades at varying scales.",
        "positive": "Molecular dynamics of flows in the Knudsen regime: Novel technological applications often involve fluid flows in the Knudsen\nregime in which the mean free path is comparable to the system size. We use\nmolecular dynamics simulations to study the transition between the dilute gas\nand the dense fluid regimes as the fluid density is increased."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatiotemporally ordered patterns in a chain of coupled dissipative\n  kicked rotors: In this work we consider the dynamics of a chain of many coupled kicked\nrotors with dissipation. We map a rich phase diagram with many dynamical\nregimes. We focus mainly on a regime where the system shows period doubling,\nand forms patterns that are persistent and depend on the stroboscopic time with\nperiod double than that of the driving: The system shows a form of\nspatiotemporal ordering analogous to quantum Floquet time crystals.\nSpatiotemporally ordered patterns can be understood by means of a\nlinear-stability analysis that predicts an instability region that contains the\nspatiotemporally ordered regime. The boundary of the instability region\ncoincides with the lower boundary of the spatiotemporally ordered regime, and\nthe most unstable mode has length scale double than the lattice spacing, a\nfeature that we observe in the spatiotemporally ordered patterns: Period\ndoubling occurs both in time and space. We propose an implementation of this\nmodel in an array of SQUID Josephson junctions with a pulsed time-periodic\nflux.",
        "positive": "Work and heat distributions for a Brownian particle subjected to an\n  oscillatory drive: Using the Onsager-Machlup functional integral approach, we obtain the work\ndistribution function and the distribution of the dissipated heat of a Brownian\nparticle subjected to a confining harmonic potential and an oscillatory driving\nforce. In the long time limit, the width of the work distribution function\ninitially increases with the frequency of the driving force and finally\nsaturates to a fixed value for large values of the angular frequency. Using the\nresults from the work distribution part, we next obtain the distribution of the\ndissipated heat for the equilibrium initial condition. Using the method of\nsteepest descent, we obtain a Gaussian distribution for small fluctuations in\nthe large time limit. The distribution function, for a fixed time has been\nobtained numerically. It is shown that the heat distribution, in general, does\nnot satisfy the transient fluctuation theorem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport in out-of-equilibrium XXZ chains: non-ballistic behavior and\n  correlation functions: We consider the nonequilibrium protocol where two semi-infinite gapped XXZ\nchains, initially prepared in different equilibrium states, are suddenly joint\ntogether. At large times, a generalized hydrodynamic description applies,\naccording to which the system can locally be represented by space- and time-\ndependent stationary states. The magnetization displays an unusual behavior:\ndepending on the initial state, its profile may exhibit abrupt jumps that can\nnot be predicted directly from the standard hydrodynamic equations and which\nsignal non-ballistic spin transport. We ascribe this phenomenon to the\nstructure of the local conservation laws and make a prediction for the exact\nlocation of the jumps. We find that the jumps propagate at the velocities of\nthe heaviest quasiparticles. By means of tDMRG simulations we show that our\ntheory yields a complete description of the long-time steady profiles of\nconserved charges, currents, and local correlations.",
        "positive": "On the low-temperature phase of the three-state antiferromagnetic Potts\n  model on the simple cubic lattice: The three-state antiferromagnetic Potts model on the simple cubic lattice is\ninvestigated using the cluster variation method in the cube and the star-cube\napproximations. The broken-sublattice-symmetry phase is found to be stable in\nthe whole low-temperature region, contrary to previous results obtained using a\nmodified cluster variation method. The tiny free energy difference between the\nbroken-sublattice-symmetry and the permutationally-symmetric-sublattices phases\nis calculated in the two approximations and turns out to be smaller in the\n(more accurate) star-cube approximation than in the cube one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reversibility, heat dissipation and the importance of the thermal\n  environment in stochastic models of nonequilibrium steady states: We examine stochastic processes that are used to model nonequilibrium\nprocesses (e.g, pulling RNA or dragging colloids) and so deliberately violate\ndetailed balance. We argue that by combining an information-theoretic measure\nof irreversibility with nonequilibrium work theorems, the thermal physics\nimplied by abstract dynamics can be determined. This measure is bounded above\nby thermodynamic entropy production and so may quantify how well a stochastic\ndynamics models reality. We also use our findings to critique various modeling\napproaches and notions arising in steady-state thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Clustering and finite size effects in a two-species exclusion process: We study the cluster size distribution of particles for a two-species\nexclusion process which involves totally asymmetric transport process of two\noppositely directed species with stochastic directional switching of the\nspecies on a 1D lattice. As a function of $Q$ - the ratio of the translation\nrate and directional switching rate of particles, in the limit of $Q\n\\rightarrow 0$, the probability distribution of the cluster size is an\nexponentially decaying function of cluster size $m$ and is exactly similar to\nthe cluster size distribution of a TASEP. For $Q>>1$, the model can be mapped\nto persistent exclusion process (PEP) and the average cluster size, $\\langle m\n\\rangle \\propto Q^{1/2} $. We obtain an approximate expression for the average\ncluster size in this limit. For finite system size system of $L$ lattice sites,\nfor a particle number density $\\rho$, the probability distribution of cluster\nsizes exhibits a distinct peak which corresponds to the formation of a single\ncluster of size $m_s = \\rho L$. However this peak vanishes in the thermodynamic\nlimit $ L \\rightarrow \\infty$. Interestingly, the probability of this largest\nsize cluster, $P(m_s)$, exhibits scaling behaviour such that in terms of scaled\nvariable $Q_1 \\equiv Q/L^2 \\rho(1-\\rho)$, data collapse is observed for the\nprobability of this cluster. The statistical features related to clustering\nobserved for this minimal model may also be relevant for understanding\nclustering characteristics in {\\it active } particles systems in confined 1D\ngeometry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous diffusion associated with nonlinear fractional derivative\n  Fokker-Planck-like equation: Exact time-dependent solutions: We consider the $d=1$ nonlinear Fokker-Planck-like equation with fractional\nderivatives $\\frac{\\partial}{\\partial t}P(x,t)=D\n\\frac{\\partial^{\\gamma}}{\\partial x^{\\gamma}}[P(x,t) ]^{\\nu}$. Exact\ntime-dependent solutions are found for $ \\nu = \\frac{2-\\gamma}{1+ \\gamma}$\n($-\\infty<\\gamma \\leq 2$). By considering the long-distance {\\it asymptotic}\nbehavior of these solutions, a connection is established, namely\n$q=\\frac{\\gamma+3}{\\gamma+1}$ ($0<\\gamma \\le 2$), with the solutions optimizing\nthe nonextensive entropy characterized by index $q$ . Interestingly enough,\nthis relation coincides with the one already known for L\\'evy-like\nsuperdiffusion (i.e., $\\nu=1$ and $0<\\gamma \\le 2$). Finally, for\n$(\\gamma,\\nu)=(2, 0)$ we obtain $q=5/3$ which differs from the value $q=2$\ncorresponding to the $\\gamma=2$ solutions available in the literature ($\\nu<1$\nporous medium equation), thus exhibiting nonuniform convergence.",
        "positive": "Percolation crossing probabilities in hexagons: a numerical study: In a recent article, one of the authors used $c=0$ logarithmic conformal\nfield theory to predict crossing-probability formulas for percolation clusters\ninside a hexagon with free boundary conditions. In this article, we verify\nthese predictions with high-precision computer simulations. Our simulations\ngenerate percolation-cluster perimeters with hull walks on a triangular lattice\ninside a hexagon. Each sample comprises two hull walks, and the order in which\nthese walks strike the bottom and upper left/right sides of the hexagon\ndetermines the crossing configuration of the percolation sample. We compare our\nnumerical results with the predicted crossing probabilities, finding excellent\nagreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Role of work in matter exchange between finite quantum systems: Close to equilibrium, the exchange of particles and heat between macroscopic\nsystems at different temperatures and different chemical potentials is known to\nbe governed by a matrix of transport coefficients which is positive and\nsymmetric. We investigate the amounts of heat and particles that are exchanged\nbetween two small quantum systems within a given time, and find them\ncharacterized by a transport matrix which neither needs to be symmetric nor\npositive. At larger times even spontaneous transport can be observed in the\ntotal absence of temperature and chemical potential differences provided that\nthe two systems are different in size. All these deviations from standard\ntransport behavior can be attributed to the fact that work is done on the\nsystem in the processes contacting and separating those parts of the system\nthat initially possess different temperatures and chemical potentials. The\nstandard transport properties are recovered for vanishing work and also in the\nlimit of large systems and sufficiently large contact times. The general\nresults are illustrated by an example.",
        "positive": "Intermolecular effects in the center-of-mass dynamics of unentangled\n  polymer fluids: We investigate the anomalous dynamics of unentangled polymer melts. The\nproposed equation of motion formally relates the anomalous center-of-mass\ndiffusion, as observed in computer simulations and experiments, to the nature\nof the effective intermolecular mean-force potential. An analytical\nGaussian-core form of the potential between the centers of mass of two polymers\nis derived, which agrees with computer simulations and allows the analytical\nsolution of the equation of motion. The calculated center-of-mass dynamics is\ncharacterized by an initial subdiffusive regime that persists for the spatial\nrange of the intermolecular mean-force potential, and for time intervals\nshorter than the first intramolecular relaxation time, in agreement with\nexperiments and computer simulations of unentangled polymer melt dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equivalence of information production and generalized entropies in\n  complex processes: Complex systems that are characterized by strong correlations and fat-tailed\ndistribution functions have been argued to be incompatible within the framework\nof Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy. As an alternative, so-called generalized entropies\nwere proposed and intensively studied. Here we show that this incompatibility\nis a misconception. For a broad class of processes, Boltzmann entropy the log\nmultiplicity remains the valid entropy concept, however, for non-i.i.d.,\nnon-multinomial, and non-ergodic processes, Boltzmann entropy is not of Shannon\nform. The correct form of Boltzmann entropy can be shown to be identical with\ngeneralized entropies. We derive this result for all processes that can be\nmapped reversibly to adjoint representations where processes are i.i.d.. In\nthese representations the information production is given by the Shannon\nentropy. We proof that over the original sampling space this yields functionals\nthat are identical to generalized entropies. The problem of constructing\nadequate context-sensitive entropy functionals therefore can be translated into\nthe much simpler problem of finding adjoint representations. The method\nprovides a comprehensive framework for a statistical physics of strongly\ncorrelated systems and complex processes.",
        "positive": "A new approach to the study of the ground-state properties of 2D Ising\n  spin glass: A new approach known as flat histogram method is used to study the +/-J Ising\nspin glass in two dimensions. Temperature dependence of the energy, the\nentropy, and other physical quantities can be easily calculated and we give the\nresults for the zero-temperature limit. For the ground-state energy and entropy\nof an infinite system size, we estimate e0 = -1.4007 +/- 0.0085 and s0 = 0.0709\n+/- 0.006, respectively. Both of them agree well with previous calculations.\nThe time to find the ground-states as well as the tunneling times of the\nalgorithm are also reported and compared with other methods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics and Feature Extraction by Machine Learning: Machine learning methods are powerful in distinguishing different phases of\nmatter in an automated way and provide a new perspective on the study of\nphysical phenomena. We train a Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) on data\nconstructed with spin configurations sampled from the Ising Hamiltonian at\ndifferent values of temperature and external magnetic field using Monte Carlo\nmethods. From the trained machine we obtain the flow of iterative\nreconstruction of spin state configurations to faithfully reproduce the\nobservables of the physical system. We find that the flow of the trained RBM\napproaches the spin configurations of the maximal possible specific heat which\nresemble the near criticality region of the Ising model. In the special case of\nthe vanishing magnetic field the trained RBM converges to the critical point of\nthe Renormalization Group (RG) flow of the lattice model. Our results suggest\nan alternative explanation of how the machine identifies the physical phase\ntransitions, by recognizing certain properties of the configuration like the\nmaximization of the specific heat, instead of associating directly the\nrecognition procedure with the RG flow and its fixed points. Then from the\nreconstructed data we deduce the critical exponent associated to the\nmagnetization to find satisfactory agreement with the actual physical value. We\nassume no prior knowledge about the criticality of the system and its\nHamiltonian.",
        "positive": "Understanding hierarchical protein evolution from first principles: We propose a model that explains the hierarchical organization of proteins in\nfold families. The model, which is based on the evolutionary selection of\nproteins by their native state stability, reproduces patterns of amino acids\nconserved across protein families. Due to its dynamic nature, the model sheds\nlight on the evolutionary time scales. By studying the relaxation of the\ncorrelation function between consecutive mutations at a given position in\nproteins, we observe separation of the evolutionary time scales: at the short\ntime intervals families of proteins with similar sequences and structures are\nformed, while at long time intervals the families of structurally similar\nproteins that have low sequence similarity are formed. We discuss the\nevolutionary implications of our model. We provide a ``profile'' solution to\nour model and find agreement between predicted patterns of conserved amino\nacids and those actually observed in nature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Breakdown of metastable step-flow growth on vicinal surfaces induced by\n  nucleation: We consider the growth of a vicinal crystal surface in the presence of a\nstep-edge barrier. For any value of the barrier strength, measured by the\nlength l_es, nucleation of islands on terraces is always able to destroy\nasymptotically step-flow growth. The breakdown of the metastable step-flow\noccurs through the formation of a mound of critical width proportional to\nL_c=1/sqrt(l_es), the length associated to the linear instability of a\nhigh-symmetry surface. The time required for the destabilization grows\nexponentially with L_c. Thermal detachment from steps or islands, or a steeper\nslope increase the instability time but do not modify the above picture, nor\nchange L_c significantly. Standard continuum theories cannot be used to\nevaluate the activation energy of the critical mound and the instability time.\nThe dynamics of a mound can be described as a one dimensional random walk for\nits height k: attaining the critical height (i.e. the critical size) means that\nthe probability to grow (k->k+1) becomes larger than the probability for the\nmound to shrink (k->k-1). Thermal detachment induces correlations in the random\nwalk, otherwise absent.",
        "positive": "Discrete scale invariant fixed point in a quasiperiodic classical dimer\n  model: We study close-packed dimers on the quasiperiodic Ammann-Beenker (AB) graph,\nthat was recently shown to have the unusual feature that hard-core dimer\nconstraints are exactly reproduced at successive discrete length scales. This\nobservation led to a conjecture that it would be possible to construct an exact\nreal-space decimation scheme where each iteration preserves both the\nquasiperiodic tiling structure and the constraint. Here, we confirm this\nconjecture by explicitly constructing the corresponding renormalization group\ntransformation and show, using large-scale Monte Carlo simulations, that the\ndimer distributions flow to a fixed point with non-zero dimer potentials. We\nuse the fixed-point Hamiltonian to demonstrate the existence of slowly decaying\ndimer correlations. We thus identify a remarkable example of a classical\nstatistical mechanical model whose properties are controlled by the fixed point\nof an exact renormalization group procedure exhibiting discrete scale\ninvariance but lacking translational and continuous rotational symmetries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Construction of an One-Step Replica-Symmetry-Breaking\n  Solution in Finite Connectivity Spin Glasses: An one-step replica-symmetry-breaking solution for finite connectivity\nspin-glass models with K body interaction is constructed at finite temperature\nusing the replica method and thermodynamic constraints. In the absence of\nexternal fields, this construction provides a general extension of replica\nsymmetric solution at finite replica number to one-step\nreplica-symmetry-breaking solution. It is found that this result is formally\nequivalent to that of the one-step replica-symmetry-breaking cavity method. To\nconfirm the validity of the obtained solution, Monte Carlo simulations are\nperformed for K = 2 and 3. The thermodynamic quantities of the Monte Carlo\nresults extrapolated to a large-size limit are consistent with those estimated\nby our solution for K = 2 at all simulated temperatures and for K = 3 except\nnear the transition temperature.",
        "positive": "Comment on ``Lyapunov Exponent of a Many Body System and Its Transport\n  Coefficients'': In a recent Letter, Barnett, Tajima, Nishihara, Ueshima and Furukawa obtained\na theoretical expression for the maximum Lyapunov exponent $\\lambda_1$ of a\ndilute gas. They conclude that $\\lambda_1$ is proportional to the cube root of\nthe self-diffusion coefficient $D$, independent of the range of the interaction\npotential. They validate their conjecture with numerical data for a dense\none-component plasma, a system with long-range forces. We claim that their\nresult is highly non-generic. We show in the following that it does not apply\nto a gas of hard spheres, neither in the dilute nor in the dense phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modeling and verifying a broad array of network properties: Motivated by widely observed examples in nature, society and software, where\ngroups of already related nodes arrive together and attach to an existing\nnetwork, we consider network growth via sequential attachment of linked node\ngroups, or graphlets. We analyze the simplest case, attachment of the three\nnode V-graphlet, where, with probability alpha, we attach a peripheral node of\nthe graphlet, and with probability (1-alpha), we attach the central node. Our\nanalytical results and simulations show that tuning alpha produces a wide range\nin degree distribution and degree assortativity, achieving assortativity values\nthat capture a diverse set of many real-world systems. We introduce a\nfifteen-dimensional attribute vector derived from seven well-known network\nproperties, which enables comprehensive comparison between any two networks.\nPrincipal Component Analysis (PCA) of this attribute vector space shows a\nsignificantly larger coverage potential of real-world network properties by a\nsimple extension of the above model when compared against a classic model of\nnetwork growth.",
        "positive": "Spherical model of growing interfaces: Building on an analogy between the ageing behaviour of magnetic systems and\ngrowing interfaces, the Arcetri model, a new exactly solvable model for growing\ninterfaces is introduced, which shares many properties with the kinetic\nspherical model. The long-time behaviour of the interface width and of the\ntwo-time correlators and responses is analysed. For all dimensions $d\\ne 2$,\nuniversal characteristics distinguish the Arcetri model from the\nEdwards-Wilkinson model, although for $d>2$ all stationary and non-equilibrium\nexponents are the same. For $d=1$ dimensions, the Arcetri model is equivalent\nto the $p=2$ spherical spin glass. For $2<d<4$ dimensions, its relaxation\nproperties are related to the ones of a particle-reaction model, namely a\nbosonic variant of the diffusive pair-contact process. The global persistence\nexponent is also derived."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On equivalence of high temperature series expansion and coupling\n  parameter series expansion in thermodynamic perturbation theory of fluids: The coupling parameter series expansion and the high temperature series\nexpansion in the ther- modynamic perturbation theory of fluids are shown to be\nequivalent if the interaction potential is pairwise additive. As a consequence,\nfor the class of fluids with the potential having a hardcore repulsion, if the\nhard-sphere fluid is chosen as reference system, the terms of coupling\nparameter series expansion for radial distribution function, direct correlation\nfunction and Helmholtz free energy follow a scaling law with temperature. The\nscaling law is confirmed by application to square-well fluids.",
        "positive": "Diffusion in a Half-Space: From Lord Kelvin to Path Integrals: Many important transport phenomena are described by simple mathematical\nmodels rooted in the diffusion equation. Geometrical constraints present in\nsuch phenomena often have influence of a universal sort and manifest themselves\nin scaling relations and stable distribution functions. In this paper, I\npresent a treatment of a random walk confined to a half--space using a number\nof different approaches: diffusion equations, lattice walks and path integrals.\nPotential generalizations are discussed critically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Weyl problem and Casimir effects in spherical shell geometry: We compute the generic mode sum that quantifies the effect on the spectrum of\na harmonic field when a spherical shell is inserted into vacuum. This\nencompasses a variety of problems including the Weyl spectral problem and the\nCasimir effect of quantum electrodynamics. This allows us to resolve several\nlong-standing controversies regarding the question of universality of the\nCasimir self-energy; the resolution comes naturally through the connection to\nthe Weyl problem. Specifically we demonstrate that in the case of a scalar\nfield obeying Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions on the shell surface the\nCasimir self-energy is cutoff-dependent while in the case of the\nelectromagnetic field perturbed by a conductive shell the Casimir self-energy\nis universal. We additionally show that an analog non-relativistic Casimir\neffect due to zero-point magnons takes place when a non-magnetic spherical\nshell is inserted inside a bulk ferromagnet.",
        "positive": "On the soliton width in the incommensurate phase of spin-Peierls systems: We study using bosonization techniques the effects of frustration due to\ncompeting interactions and of the interchain elastic couplings on the soliton\nwidth and soliton structure in spin-Peierls systems. We compare the predictions\nof this study with numerical results obtained by exact diagonalization of\nfinite chains. We conclude that frustration produces in general a reduction of\nthe soliton width while the interchain elastic coupling increases it. We\ndiscuss these results in connection with recent measurements of the soliton\nwidth in the incommensurate phase of CuGeO_3."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complex dynamics approach to dynamical quantum phase transitions: the\n  Potts model: This paper introduces complex dynamics methods to study dynamical quantum\nphase transitions in the one- and two-dimensional quantum 3-state Potts model.\nThe quench involves switching off an infinite transverse field. The\ntime-dependent Loschmidt echo is evaluated by an exact renormalization group\n(RG) transformation in the complex plane where the thermal Boltzmann factor is\nalong the positive real axis, and the quantum time evolution is along the unit\ncircle. One of the characteristics of the complex dynamics constituted by\nrepeated applications of RG is the Julia set, which determines the phase\ntransitions. We show that special boundary conditions can alter the nature of\nthe transitions, and verify the claim for the one-dimensional system by\ntransfer matrix calculations. In two dimensions, there are alternating\nsymmetry-breaking and restoring transitions, both of which are first-order,\ndespite the criticality of the Curie point. In addition, there are finer\nstructures because of the fractal nature of the Julia set. Our approach can be\nextended to multi-variable problems, higher dimensions, and approximate RG\ntransformations expressed as rational functions.",
        "positive": "Simulating quantum thermodynamics of a finite system and bath with\n  variable temperature: We construct a finite bath with variable temperature for quantum\nthermodynamic simulations in which heat flows between a system $\\mathcal{S}$\nand the bath environment $\\mathcal{E}$ in time evolution of an initial\n$\\mathcal{SE}$ pure state. The bath consists of harmonic oscillators that are\nnot necessarily identical. Baths of various numbers of oscillators are\nconsidered; a bath with five oscillators is used in the simulations. The bath\nhas a temperature-like level distribution. This leads to definition of a\nsystem-environment microcanonical temperature $T_\\mathcal{SE}(t)$ which varies\nwith time. The quantum state evolves toward an equilibrium state which is\nthermal-like, but there is significant deviation from the ordinary\nenergy-temperature relation that holds for an infinite quantum bath, e.g. an\ninfinite system of identical oscillators. There are also deviations from the\nEinstein quantum heat capacity. The temperature of the finite bath is\nsystematically greater for a given energy than the infinite bath temperature,\nand asymptotically approaches the latter as the number of oscillators\nincreases. It is suggested that realizations of these finite-size effects may\nbe attained in computational and experimental dynamics of small molecules."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A geometrical interpretation of critical exponents: We develop the hypothesis that the dynamics of a given system may lead to the\nactivity being constricted to a subset of space, characterized by a fractal\ndimension smaller than the space dimension. We also address how the response\nfunction might be sensitive to this change in dimensionality. We discuss how\nthis phenomenon is observable in growth processes and near critical points for\nsystems in equilibrium. In particular, we determine the fractal dimension $d_f$\nfor the Ising model and validate it via computer simulations for two\ndimensions.",
        "positive": "Approaching a parameter-free metadynamics: We present a unique derivation of metadynamics. The starting point for the\nderivation is an on-the-fly reweighting scheme but through an approximation we\nrecover the standard metadynamics and the well-tempered metadynamics in a\ngeneral form while never appealing to the extended Lagrangian framework. This\nwork leads to a more robust understanding of the error in the computed free\nenergy than what has been obtained previously. Moreover, a formula for the\nexact free energy is introduced. The formula can be used to post-process any\nexisting well-tempered metadynamics data allowing one, in principle, to obtain\nan exact free energy regardless the metadynamics parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random deposition of particles of different sizes: We study the surface growth generated by the random deposition of particles\nof different sizes. A model is proposed where the particles are aggregated on\nan initially flat surface, giving rise to a rough interface and a porous bulk.\nBy using Monte Carlo simulations, a surface has grown by adding particles of\ndifferent sizes, as well as identical particles on the substrate in (1 + 1)\ndimensions. In the case of deposition of particles of different sizes, they are\nselected from a Poisson distribution, where the particle's sizes may vary by\none order of magnitude. For the deposition of identical particles, only\nparticles which are larger than one lattice parameter of the substrate are\nconsidered. We calculate the usual scaling exponents: the roughness, growth and\ndynamic exponents $\\alpha, \\, \\beta \\,$ and $z$, respectively, as well as, the\nporosity in the bulk, determining the porosity as a function of the particle\nsize. The results of our simulations show that the roughness evolves in time\nfollowing three different behaviors. The roughness in the initial times behaves\nas in the random deposition model. At intermediate times, the surface roughness\ngrows slowly and finally, at long times, it enters into the saturation regime.\nThe bulk formed by depositing large particles reveals a porosity that increases\nvery fast at the initial times, and also reaches a saturation value. Excepting\nthe case where particles have the size of one lattice spacing, we always find\nthat the surface roughness and porosity reach limiting values at long times.\nSurprisingly, we find that the scaling exponents are the same as those\npredicted by the Villain-Lai-Das Sarma equation.",
        "positive": "Non-universal dynamics of staggered non-equilibrium particle systems and\n  Ising chains: Non-universal dynamics is shown to occur in a one-dimensional non-equilibrium\nsystem of hard-core particles. The stochastic processes included are pair\ncreation and annihilation (with rates e and e') and symmetric hopping rates\nwhich alternate from one bond to the next (Pa, Pb). A dynamical scaling\nrelation between the relaxation time and the correlation length in the steady\nstate is derived in a simple way for the case e' > Pa >> Pb >> e. We find that\nthe dynamical exponent takes the non-universal value z = 2 ln(e'/e)/ln[(Pb\ne')/(Pa e)]. For the special condition e + e'= Pa + Pb, where the stochastic\nsystem is in principle soluble by reduction to a free fermion system, the model\nis mapped to the Glauber dynamics of an Ising chain with alternating\nferromagnetic bonds of values J1 and J2, in contact with a quantum thermal\nbath. The full time dependence of the space-dependent magnetization and of the\nequal time spin-spin correlation function are studied by writing the master\nequation for this system in the quantum Hamiltonian formalism. In particular we\nobtain the dispersion relations and rigorously confirm the results obtained for\nthe correlation length and for the dynamical exponent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Ergodic Hypothesis: A Typicality Statement: This paper analyzes the ergodic hypothesis in the context of Boltzmann's late\nwork in statistical mechanics, where Boltzmann lays the foundations for what is\ntoday known as the typicality account. I argue that, based on the concepts of\nstationarity (of the measure) and typicality (of the equilibrium state), the\nergodic hypothesis, as an idealization, is a consequence rather than an\nassumption of Boltzmann's approach. More precisely, it can be shown that every\nsystem with a stationary measure and an equilibrium state (be it a state of\noverwhelming phase space or time average) behaves essentially as if it were\nergodic. I claim that Boltzmann was aware of this fact as it grounds both his\nnotion of equilibrium, relating it to the thermodynamic notion of equilibrium,\nand his estimate of the fluctuation rates.",
        "positive": "Exponentially fast dynamics of chaotic many-body systems: We demonstrate analytically and numerically that in isolated quantum systems\nof many interacting particles, the number of many-body states participating in\nthe evolution after a quench increases exponentially in time, provided the\neigenstates are delocalized in the energy shell. The rate of the exponential\ngrowth is defined by the width $\\Gamma$ of the local density of states (LDOS)\nand is associated with the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy for systems with a well\ndefined classical limit. In a finite system, the exponential growth eventually\nsaturates due to the finite volume of the energy shell. We estimate the time\nscale for the saturation and show that it is much larger than $\\hbar/\\Gamma$.\nNumerical data obtained for a two-body random interaction model of bosons and\nfor a dynamical model of interacting spin-1/2 particles show excellent\nagreement with the analytical predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Cubic Eigenvalue Repulsion for Random Normal Matrices: Random matrix models consisting of normal matrices, defined by the sole\nconstraint $[N^{\\dag},N]=0$, will be explored. It is shown that cubic\neigenvalue repulsion in the complex plane is universal with respect to the\nprobability distribution of matrices. The density of eigenvalues, all\ncorrelation functions, and level spacing statistics are calculated. Normal\nmatrix models offer more probability distributions amenable to analytical\nanalysis than complex matrix models where only a model wth a Gaussian\ndistribution are solvable. The statistics of numerically generated eigenvalues\nfrom gaussian distributed normal matrices are compared to the analytical\nresults obtained and agreement is seen.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic origins of topological protection in nonequilibrium\n  stochastic systems: Topological protection has emerged as an organizing principle for\nunderstanding and engineering robust collective behavior in electronic and\nmaterial systems. Recent work suggests that topology may also play a role in\norganizing stochastic processes relevant to biology and self-assembly. Here, we\nshow that topological protection in chemical networks can be understood\nentirely in terms of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. We illustrate these ideas\nusing simple examples inspired by the literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A probabilistic model of diffusion through a semi-permeable barrier: Diffusion through semipermeable structures arises in a wide range of\nprocesses in the physical and life sciences. Examples at the microscopic level\nrange from artificial membranes for reverse osmosis to lipid bilayers\nregulating molecular transport in biological cells to chemical and electrical\ngap junctions. There are also macroscopic analogs such as animal migration in\nheterogeneous landscapes. It has recently been shown that one-dimensional\ndiffusion through a barrier with constant permeability $\\kappa_0$ is equivalent\nto snapping out Brownian motion (BM). The latter sews together successive\nrounds of partially reflecting BMs that are restricted to either the left or\nright of the barrier. Each round is killed when its Brownian local time exceeds\nan exponential random variable parameterized by $\\kappa_0$. A new round is then\nimmediately started in either direction with equal probability. In this paper\nwe use a combination of renewal theory, Laplace transforms and Green's function\nmethods to show how an extended version of snapping out BM provides a general\nprobabilistic framework for modeling diffusion through a semipermeable barrier.\nThis includes modifications of the diffusion process away from the barrier (eg.\nstochastic resetting) and non-Markovian models of membrane absorption that kill\neach round of partially reflected BM. The latter leads to time-dependent\npermeabilities.",
        "positive": "Multifractality of random eigenfunctions and generalization of Jarzynski\n  equality: Systems driven out of equilibrium experience large fluctuations of the\ndissipated work. The same is true for wave function amplitudes in disordered\nsystems close to the Anderson localization transition.\\cite{Mirlin-review} In\nboth cases the probability distribution function (PDF) is given by the large\ndeviation ansatz. Here we exploit the analogy between the PDF of work\ndissipated in a driven single-electron box (SEB) and that of random\nmultifractal wave function amplitudes and uncover new relations which\ngeneralize the Jarzynski equality. We checked the new relations experimentally\nby measuring the dissipated work in a driven SEB and found a remarkable\ncorrespondence. The results represent an important universal feature of the\nwork statistics in systems out of equilibrium and help to understand the nature\nof the symmetry of multifractal exponents in the theory of Anderson\nlocalization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jamming Percolation in Three Dimensions: We introduce a three-dimensional model for jamming and glasses, and prove\nthat the fraction of frozen particles is discontinuous at the\ndirected-percolation critical density. In agreement with the accepted scenario\nfor jamming- and glass-transitions, this is a mixed-order transition; the\ndiscontinuity is accompanied by diverging length- and time-scales. Because\none-dimensional directed-percolation paths comprise the backbone of frozen\nparticles, the unfrozen rattlers may use the third dimension to travel between\ntheir cages. Thus the dynamics are diffusive on long-times even above the\ncritical density for jamming.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium wetting of finite samples: As a canonical model for wetting far from thermal equilibrium we study a\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang interface growing on top of a hard-core substrate.\nDepending on the average growth velocity the model exhibits a non-equilibrium\nwetting transition which is characterized by an additional surface critical\nexponent theta. Simulating the single-step model in one spatial dimension we\nprovide accurate numerical estimates for theta and investigate the distribution\nof contact points between the substrate and the interface as a function of\ntime. Moreover, we study the influence of finite-size effects, in particular\nthe time needed until a finite substrate is completely covered by the wetting\nlayer for the first time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ab initio quantum-statistical approach to kinetic theory of\n  low-temperature dilute gases of hydrogen-like atoms: We develop a microscopic approach to the consistent construction of the\nkinetic theory of dilute weakly ionized gases of hydrogen-like atoms. The\napproach is based on the framework of the second quantization method in the\npresence of bound states of particles and the method of reduced description of\nrelaxation processes. Within the approach we developed the first-order\nperturbation theory over the weak interaction for a system of kinetic equations\nfor the Wigner distribution functions of free fermions of both kinds and their\nbound states, the hydrogen-like atoms. It is shown that the conditions of\nlow-temperature approximation, of the gas non-degeneracy and the approximation\nof weak interaction are realistic and can be met in a wide range of\ntemperatures and the densities of the studied system. We obtain dispersion\nequations for determining the frequency and wave attenuation coefficients in\ndilute weakly ionized gas of hydrogen-like atoms near the described equilibrium\nstate. In the two-level atom approximation it is shown that in the system there\nare longitudinal waves of matter polarization and transverse waves with the\nbehavior characteristic of plasmon polaritons. The expressions for the\ndependence of the frequency and the Landau damping coefficients on the wave\nvector for all branches of the oscillations detected, are obtained.\nQuantitative estimations of the characteristics of the elementary perturbations\nin the system on an example of a weakly ionized dilute gas of Na-23 atoms are\npresented. The possibility of using the results of the theory developed to\ndescribe the properties of a Bose condensate of photons in dilute weakly\nionized gas of hydrogen-like atoms is noted and the directions of its\ngeneralizations are discussed.",
        "positive": "Late-time large-distance asymptotics of the transverse correlation\n  functions of the XX chain in the space-like regime: We derive an explicit expression for the leading term in the late-time,\nlarge-distance asymptotic expansion of a transverse dynamical two-point\nfunction of the XX chain in the spacelike regime. This expression is valid for\nall non-zero finite temperatures and for all magnetic fields below the\nsaturation threshold. It is obtained here by means of a straightforward\nterm-by-term analysis of a thermal form factor series, derived in previous\nwork, and demonstrates the usefulness of the latter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary crossover in non-equilibrium growth processes: The growth of stochastic interfaces in the vicinity of a boundary and the\nnon-trivial crossover towards the behaviour deep in the bulk is analysed. The\ncausal interactions of the interface with the boundary lead to a roughness\nlarger near to the boundary than deep in the bulk. This is exemplified in the\nsemi-infinite Edwards-Wilkinson model in one dimension, both from its exact\nsolution and numerical simulations, as well as from simulations on the\nsemi-infinite one-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang model. The non-stationary\nscaling of interface heights and widths is analyzed and a universal scaling\nform for the local height profile is proposed.",
        "positive": "Frenkel-Kontorova Models, Pinned Particle Configurations and Burgers\n  Shocks: We analyze the relationship between the lowest energy configurations of an\ninfinite harmonic chain of particles in a periodic potential and the evolution\nof characteristics in a periodically-forced inviscid Burgers equation. The\nshock discontinuities in the the Burgers evolution arise from thermodynamical\nconsiderations and play an important role as they separate out flows related to\nlowest energy configurations from those associated with higher energies. We\nstudy in detail the exactly solvable case of an external potential consisting\nof parabolic segments, and calculate analytically the lowest energy\nconfigurations, as well as excited states containing discommensurations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optical Bistability in a Low Photon-Density Regime: We give a microscopic description of the optical bistability, where the\ntransmission coefficient has two different values as a function of input light\nintensity, and the system exhibits a discontinuous jump with a hysteresis loop.\nWe developed an efficient numerical algorithm to treat the quantum master\nequation for hybridized systems of many photons and a large number of two-level\natoms. By using this method, we characterize the bistability from the viewpoint\nof eigenmodes and eigenvalues of the time evolution operator of the quantum\nmaster equation. We investigate the optical bistability within the low\nphoton-density regime, where the hybridization of photon and atom degrees of\nfreedom occurs and the resonance spectrum has a double peak structure. We\ncompared it with the standard optical bistability between the low\nphoton-density regime and the high photon-density regime, where the photons can\nbe treated as a classical electromagnetic field and the resonance spectrum has\na single peak structure. We discuss the steady-state properties of the optical\nbistability: dependencies of the photon number density on the intensity and the\ndouble peak structure of the photon number distribution inside the bistable\nregion. As for the dynamical properties, we find that the relaxation timescale\nshows an exponential growth with the system size, and reveal how the hysteresis\nloop of the optical bistability depends on the size of the system and the\nsweeping rate of the driving amplitude. Finally, by investigating the effects\nof detuning frequency of the input field, we clarify the characteristic\nproperties of the present optical bistability within the low photon-density\nregime, which are qualitatively different from the standard optical bistable\nphenomena.",
        "positive": "Living on the edge of instability: Statistical description of stochastic dynamics in highly unstable potentials\nis strongly affected by properties of divergent trajectories, that quickly\nleave meta-stable regions of the potential landscape and never return. Using\nideas from theory of Q-processes and quasi-stationary distributions, we analyze\nposition statistics of non-diverging trajectories. We discuss two limit\ndistributions which can be considered as (formal) generalizations of the Gibbs\ncanonical distribution to highly unstable systems. Even though the associated\neffective potentials differ only slightly, properties of the two distributions\nare fundamentally different for all highly unstable system. The distribution\nfor trajectories conditioned to diverge in an infinitely distant future is\nlocalized and light-tailed. The other distribution, describing trajectories\nsurviving in the meta-stable region at the instant of conditioning, is\nheavy-tailed. The exponent of the corresponding power-law tail is determined by\nthe leading divergent term of the unstable potential. We discuss different\nequivalent forms of the two distributions and derive properties of the\neffective statistical force arising in the ensemble of non-diverging\ntrajectories after the Doob h-transform. The obtained explicit results\ngenerically apply to non-linear dynamical models with meta-stable states and\nfast kinetic transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stationary properties of a Brownian gyrator with non-Markovian baths: We investigate the stochastic behavior of a two-temperature Langevin system\nwith non-Markovian thermal reservoirs. The model describes an overdamped\nBrownian particle in a quadratic potential and coupled to heat baths at\ndifferent temperatures. The reservoirs are characterized by Gaussian white and\ncolored noises and a dissipation memory kernel. The stationary states present\nnon-trivial average rotational motion influenced by stochastic torques due to\nharmonic, friction and fluctuating thermal forces. However, the Markovian limit\nleads to a vanishing average torque produced by fluctuating thermal forces. We\nalso study the effects of memory on the stochastic heat and the entropy\nproduction in the steady-state regime.",
        "positive": "Transition Path Times in Asymmetric Barriers: Biomolecular conformational transitions are usually modeled as barrier\ncrossings in a free energy landscape. The transition paths connect two local\nfree energy minima and transition path times (TPT) are the actual durations of\nthe crossing events. The simplest model employed to analyze TPT and to fit\nempirical data is that of a stochastic particle crossing a parabolic barrier.\nMotivated by some disagreement between the value of the barrier height obtained\nfrom the TPT distributions as compared to the value obtained from kinetic and\nthermodynamic analyses, we investigate here TPT for barriers which deviate from\nthe symmetric parabolic shape. We introduce a continuous set of potentials,\nthat starting from a parabolic shape, can be made increasingly asymmetric by\ntuning a single parameter. The TPT distributions obtained in the asymmetric\ncase are very well-fitted by distributions generated by parabolic barriers. The\nfits, however, provide values for the barrier heights and diffusion\ncoefficients which deviate from the original input values. We show how these\nfindings can be understood from the analysis of the eigenvalues spectrum of the\nFokker-Planck equation and highlight connections with experimental results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Monte Carlo method for chemical potential determination in single and\n  multiple occupancy crystals: We describe a Monte Carlo scheme which, in a single simulation, yields a\nmeasurement of the chemical potential of a crystalline solid. Within the\nisobaric ensemble, this immediately provides an estimate of the system free\nenergy, with statistical uncertainties that are determined precisely and\ntransparently. An extension to multiple occupancy (\"cluster\") solids permits\nthe direct determination of the cluster chemical potential and hence the\nequilibrium conditions. We apply the method to a model exhibiting cluster\ncrystalline phases, where we find evidence for an infinite cascade of critical\npoints terminating coexistence between crystals of differing site occupancies.",
        "positive": "Entropy-driven phase transitions with influence of the field-dependent\n  diffusion coefficient: We present a comprehensive study of the phase transitions in the single-field\nreaction-diffusion stochastic systems with field-dependent mobility of a\npower-low form and the internal fluctuations. Using variational principles and\nmean-field theory it was shown that the noise can sustain spatial patterns and\nleads to disordering phase transitions. We have shown that the phase\ntransitions can be of critical or non-critical character."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Segregation disrupts the Arrhenius behavior of an isomerization reaction: Co-existence of phase segregation and \\emph{interconversion} or\n\\emph{isomerization} reaction among molecular species leads to fascinating\nstructure formation in biological and chemical world. Using Monte Carlo\nsimulations of the prototype Ising model, we explore the chemical kinetics of\nsuch a system consisting of a binary mixture of \\emph{isomers}. Our results\nreveal that even though the two concerned processes are individually Arrhenius\nin nature, the Arrhenius behavior of the \\emph{isomerization} reaction gets\nsignificantly disrupted due to an interplay of the nonconserved dynamics of the\nreaction and the conserved diffusive dynamics of phase segregation. The\napproach used here can be potentially adapted to understand reaction kinetics\nof more complex reactions.",
        "positive": "The integrable open XXZ chain with broken Z_2 symmetry: The hamiltonian of an asymmetric diffusion process with injection and\nejection of particles at the ends of a chain of finite length is known to be\nrelevant to that of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain with integrable boundary terms.\nHowever, the inclusion of boundary sources and sinks of particles breaks the\narrow-reversal symmetry necessary for solution via the usual Bethe Ansatz\napproach. Developments in solving the model in the absence of arrow-reversal\nsymmetry are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A unified theory for excited-state, fragmented, and equilibrium-like\n  Bose condensation in pumped photonic many-body systems: We derive a theory for Bose condensation in nonequilibrium steady states of\nbosonic quantum gases that are coupled both to a thermal heat bath and to a\npumped reservoir (or gain medium), while suffering from loss. Such a scenario\ndescribes photonic many-body systems such as exciton-polariton gases. Our\nanalysis is based on a set of kinetic equations for a gas of noninteracting\nbosons. By identifying a dimensionless scaling parameter controlling the boson\ndensity, we derive a sharp criterion for which system states become selected to\nhost a macroscopic occupation. We show that with increasing pump power, the\nsystem generically undergoes a sequence of nonequilibrum phase transitions. At\neach transition a state either becomes or ceases to be Bose selected (i.e. to\nhost a condensate): The state which first acquires a condensate when the\npumping exceeds a threshold is the one with the largest ratio of pumping to\nloss. This intuitive behavior resembles simple lasing. In the limit of strong\npumping, the coupling to the heat bath becomes dominant so that eventually the\nground state is selected, corresponding to equilibrium(-like) Bose\ncondensation. For intermediate pumping strengths, several states become\nselected giving rise to fragmented nonequilibrium Bose condensation. We compare\nthese predictions to experimental results obtained for excitons polaritons in a\ndouble-pillar structure [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 126403 (2012)] and find good\nagreement. Our theory, moreover, predicts that the reservoir occupation is\nclamped at a constant value whenever the system hosts an odd number of Bose\ncondensates.",
        "positive": "Anomalous and ultraslow diffusion of a particle driven by\n  power-law-correlated and distributed-order noises: We study the generalized Langevin equation approach to anomalous diffusion\nfor a harmonic oscillator and a free particle driven by different forms of\ninternal noises, such as power-law-correlated and distributed-order noises that\nfulfil generalized versions of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The mean\nsquared displacement and the normalized displacement correlation function are\nderived for the different forms of the friction memory kernel. The\ncorresponding overdamped generalized Langevin equations for these cases are\nalso investigated. It is shown that such models can be used to describe\nanomalous diffusion in complex media, giving rise to subdiffusion,\nsuperdiffusion, ultraslow diffusion, strong anomaly, and other complex\ndiffusive behaviors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stationary state of a heated granular gas: fate of the usual\n  H-functional: We consider the characterization of the nonequilibrium stationary state of a\nrandomly-driven granular gas in terms of an entropy-production based\nvariational formulation. Enforcing spatial homogeneity, we first consider the\ntemporal stability of the stationary state reached after a transient. In\nconnection, two heuristic albeit physically motivated candidates for the\nnon-equilibrium entropy production are put forward. It turns out that none of\nthem displays an extremum for the stationary velocity distribution selected by\nthe dynamics. Finally, the relevance of the relative Kullbach entropy is\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Three heats in strongly coupled system and bath: We investigate three kinds of heat produced in a system and a bath strongly\ncoupled via an interaction Hamiltonian. By studying the energy flows between\nthe system, the bath, and their interaction, we provide rigorous definitions of\ntwo types of heat, $Q_{\\rm S}$ and $Q_{\\rm B}$ from the energy loss of the\nsystem and the energy gain of the bath, respectively. This is in contrast to\nthe equivalence of $Q_{\\rm S}$ and $Q_{\\rm B}$, which is commonly assumed to\nhold in the weak coupling regime. The bath we consider is equipped with a\nthermostat which enables it to reach an equilibrium. We identify another kind\nof heat $Q_{\\rm SB}$ from the energy dissipation of the bath into the super\nbath that provides the thermostat. We derive the fluctuation theorems (FT's)\nwith the system variables and various heats, which are discussed in comparison\nwith the FT for the total entropy production. We take an example of a sliding\nharmonic potential of a single Brownian particle in a fluid and calculate the\nthree heats in a simplified model. These heats are found to equal on average in\nthe steady state of energy, but show different fluctuations at all times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The role of step edge diffusion in epitaxial crystal growth: The role of step edge diffusion (SED) in epitaxial growth is investigated. To\nthis end we revisit and extend a recently introduced simple cubic\nsolid-on-solid model, which exhibits the formation and coarsening of pyramid or\nmound like structures. By comparing the limiting cases of absent, very fast\n(significant), and slow SED we demonstrate how the details of this process\ncontrol both the shape of the emerging structures as well as the scaling\nbehavior. We find a sharp transition from significant SED to intermediate\nvalues of SED, and a continuous one for vanishing SED. We argue that one should\nbe able to control these features of the surface in experiments by variation of\nthe flux and substrate temperature.",
        "positive": "Behavior of the Random Field $XY$ Model on Simple Cubic Lattices at $h_r\n  = 1.5$: We have performed studies of the 3D random field $XY$ model on 32 samples of\n$L \\times L \\times L$ simple cubic lattices with periodic boundary conditions,\nwith a random field strength of $h_r$ = 1.5, for $L =$ 128, using a\nparallelized Monte Carlo algorithm. We present results for the sample-averaged\nmagnetic structure factor, $S (\\vec{\\bf k})$ over a range of temperature, using\nboth random hot start and ferromagnetic cold start initial states, and\n$\\vec{\\bf k}$ along the [1,0,0] and [1,1,1] directions. At $T =$ 1.875, $S\n(\\vec{\\bf k})$ shows a broad peak near $|\\vec{\\bf k}| = 0$, with a correlation\nlength which is limited by thermal fluctuations, rather than the lattice size.\nAs $T$ is lowered, this peak grows and sharpens. By $T =$ 1.5, it is clear that\nthe correlation length is larger than $L =$ 128. The lowest temperature for\nwhich $S (\\vec{\\bf k})$ was calculated is $T =$ 1.421875, where the hot start\nand cold start initial conditions are usually not finding the same local\nminimum in the phase space. Our results are consistent with the idea that there\nis a finite value of $T$ below which $S (\\vec{\\bf k})$ diverges slowly as\n$|\\vec{\\bf k}|$ goes to zero. This divergence would imply that the relaxation\ntime of the spins is also diverging. That is the signature of an\nergodicity-breaking phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of Projected Motion in one dimension of a d-dimensional\n  Random Walker: We are studying the motion of a random walker in generalized d dimensional\ncontinuum with unit step length (up to 10 dimensions) and its projected one\ndimensional motion numerically. The motion of a random walker in lattice or\ncontinuum is well studied in statistical physics but what will be the\nstatistics of projected one dimensional motion of higher dimensional random\nwalker is yet to be explored. Here in this paper, addressing this particular\ntype of problem, we have showed that the projected motion is diffusive\nirrespective of any dimension, however, the diffusion rate is changing\ninversely with dimension. As a consequence, we can say that at infinite\ndimension the diffusion rate becomes zero. This is an interesting result, at\nleast pedagogically, which implies that though in infinite dimension there is a\ndiffusion but its one dimensional projection is motionless. At the end of the\ndiscussion we are able to make a good comparison between projected one\ndimensional motion of generalized d-dimensional random walk with unit step\nlength and pure one dimensional random walk with random step length varying\nuniformly between -h to h where h is a step length renormalizing factor.",
        "positive": "Finite-size scaling of the helicity modulus of the two-dimensional O(3)\n  model: Using Monte Carlo methods, we compute the finite-size scaling function of the\nhelicity modulus $\\Upsilon$ of the two-dimensional O(3) model and compare it to\nthe low temperature expansion prediction. From this, we estimate the range of\nvalidity for the leading terms of the low temperature expansion of the\nfinite-size scaling function and for the low temperature expansion of the\ncorrelation length. Our results strongly suggest that a Kosterlitz-Thouless\ntransition at a temperature $T > 0$ is extremely unlikely in this model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microcanonical analysis of a nonequilibrium phase transition: Microcanonical analysis is a powerful method for studying phase transitions\nof finite-size systems. This method has been used so far only for studying\nphase transitions of equilibrium systems, which can be described by\nmicrocanonical entropy. I show that it is possible to perform microcanonical\nanalysis of a nonequilibrium phase transition, by generalizing the concept of\nmicrocanonical entropy. One-dimensional asymmetric diffusion process is studied\nas an example where such a generalized entropy can be explicitly found, and the\nmicrocanonical method is used to analyze a nonequilibrium phase transition of a\nfinite-size system.",
        "positive": "Dynamical surface structures in multi-particle-correlated surface\n  growths: We investigate the scaling properties of the interface fluctuation width for\nthe $Q$-mer and $Q$-particle-correlated deposition-evaporation models. These\nmodels are constrained with a global conservation law that the particle number\nat each height is conserved modulo $Q$. In equilibrium, the stationary\nroughness is anomalous but universal with roughness exponent $\\alpha=1/3$,\nwhile the early time evolution shows nonuniversal behavior with growth exponent\n$\\beta$ varying with models and $Q$. Nonequilibrium surfaces display diverse\ngrowing/stationary behavior. The $Q$-mer model shows a faceted structure, while\nthe $Q$-particle-correlated model a macroscopically grooved structure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nucleation dynamics in 2d cylindrical Ising models and chemotaxis: The aim of our work is to study the effect of geometry variation on\nnucleation times and to address its role in the context of eukaryotic\nchemotaxis (i.e. the process which allows cells to identify and follow a\ngradient of chemical attractant). As a first step in this direction we study\nthe nucleation dynamics of the 2d Ising model defined on a cylindrical lattice\nwhose radius changes as a function of time. Geometry variation is obtained by\nchanging the relative value of the couplings between spins in the compactified\n(vertical) direction with respect to the horizontal one. This allows us to keep\nthe lattice size unchanged and study in a single simulation the values of the\ncompactification radius which change in time. We show, both with theoretical\narguments and numerical simulations that squeezing the geometry allows the\nsystem to speed up nucleation times even in presence of a very small energy gap\nbetween the stable and the metastable states. We then address the implications\nof our analysis for directional chemotaxis. The initial steps of chemotaxis can\nbe modelled as a nucleation process occurring on the cell membrane as a\nconsequence of the external chemical gradient (which plays the role of energy\ngap between the stable and metastable phases). In nature most of the cells\nmodify their geometry by extending quasi-onedimensional protrusions (filopodia)\nso as to enhance their sensitivity to chemoattractant. Our results show that\nthis geometry variation has indeed the effect of greatly decreasing the\ntimescale of the nucleation process even in presence of very small amounts of\nchemoattractants.",
        "positive": "Derivation of a Relativistic Boltzmann Distribution: A framework for relativistic thermodynamics and statistical physics is built\nby first exploiting the symmetries between energy and momentum in the\nderivation of the Boltzmann distribution, then using Einstein's energy-momentum\nrelationship to derive a PDE for the partition function. It is shown that the\nextended Boltzmann distribution implies the existence of an inverse\nfour-temperature, while the form of the partition function PDE implies the\nexistence of a quantizable field theory of classical statistics, with hints of\nan associated gravity like gauge theory. An adaptation of the framework is then\nused to derive a thermodynamic certainty relationship."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Uncertainty relations for time-delayed Langevin systems: The thermodynamic uncertainty relation, which establishes a universal\ntrade-off between nonequilibrium current fluctuations and dissipation, has been\nfound for various Markovian systems. However, this relation has not been\nrevealed for non-Markovian systems; therefore, we investigate the thermodynamic\nuncertainty relation for time-delayed Langevin systems. We prove that the\nfluctuation of arbitrary dynamical observables is constrained by the\nKullback--Leibler divergence between the distributions of the forward path and\nits reversed counterpart. Specifically, for observables that are antisymmetric\nunder time reversal, the fluctuation is bounded from below by a function of a\nquantity that can be identified as a generalization of the total entropy\nproduction in Markovian systems. We also provide a lower bound for arbitrary\nobservables that are odd under position reversal. The term in this bound\nreflects the extent to which the position symmetry has been broken in the\nsystem and can be positive even in equilibrium. Our results hold for finite\nobservation times and a large class of time-delayed systems because detailed\nunderlying dynamics are not required for the derivation. We numerically verify\nthe derived uncertainty relations using two single time-delay systems and one\ndistributed time-delay system.",
        "positive": "Green-Kubo formulas with symmetrized correlation functions for quantum\n  systems in steady states: the shear viscosity of a fluid in a steady shear\n  flow: For a quantum system in a steady state with a constant current of heat or\nparticles driven by a temperature or chemical potential difference between two\nreservoirs attached to the system, the fluctuation theorem for the current was\npreviously shown to lead to the Green-Kubo formula for the linear response\ncoefficient for the current expressed in terms of the symmetrized correlation\nfunction of the current density operator. In this article, we show that for a\nquantum system in a steady state with a constant rate of work done on the\nsystem, the fluctuation theorem for a quantity induced in the system also leads\nto the Green-Kubo formula expressed in terms of the symmetrized correlation\nfunction of the induced quantity. As an example, we consider a fluid in a\nsteady shear flow driven by a constant velocity of a solid plate moving above\nthe fluid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evidence concerning Drying behavior of Ne near the Cs surface: Using density functional (DF) and Monte Carlo methods, we have studied the\nproperties of Ne adsorbed on a Cs surface, focusing on the region at and near\nsaturated vapor pressure (SVP). In the case of Ne/Rb, the experimental data of\nHess, Sabatini and Chan are consistent with the calculations based on an ab\ninitio fluid-substrate potential, while in the Ne/Cs case there is indication\nthat the potential is approx 9% too deep. In that case, the calculations yield\npartial drying behavior consistent with the experimental finding of depressed\nfluid density near the surface, above SVP. However, we find no evidence of a\ndrying transition, a result consistent with a mean field calculation of Ebner\nand Saam.",
        "positive": "Shape dependent finite-size effect of critical two-dimensional Ising\n  model on a triangular lattice: Using the bond-propagation algorithm, we study the finite-size behavior of\nthe critical two-dimensional Ising model on a finite triangular lattice with\nfree boundaries in five shapes: triangle, rhombus, trapezoid, hexagon and\nrectangle. The critical free energy, internal energy and specific heat are\ncalculated. The accuracy of the free energy reaches $10^{-26}$. Based on\naccurate data on several finite systems with linear size up to N=2000, we\nextract the bulk, surface and corner parts of the free energy, internal energy\nand specific heat accurately. We confirm the conformal field theory prediction\nof the corner free energy to be universal and find logarithmic corrections in\nhigher order terms in the critical free energy for the rhombus, trapezoid, and\nhexagon shaped systems, which are absent for the triangle and rectangle shaped\nsystems. The logarithmic edge corrections due to edges parallel or\nperpendicular to the bond directions in the internal energy are found to be\nidentical, while the logarithmic edge corrections due to corresponding edges in\nthe free energy and the specific heat are different. The corner internal energy\nand corner specific heat for angles $\\pi/3$, $\\pi/2$ and $2\\pi/3$ are obtained,\nas well as higher order corrections. Comparing with the corner internal energy\nand corner specific heat previously found on a rectangle of the square lattice\n(Phys. Rev. E. 86 041149 (2012)), we conclude that the corner internal energy\nand corner specific heat for the rectangle shape are not universal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling behavior of a nonlinear oscillator with additive noise, white\n  and colored: We study analytically and numerically the problem of a nonlinear mechanical\noscillator with additive noise in the absence of damping. We show that the\namplitude, the velocity and the energy of the oscillator grow algebraically\nwith time. For Gaussian white noise, an analytical expression for the\nprobability distribution function of the energy is obtained in the long-time\nlimit. In the case of colored, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise, a self-consistent\ncalculation leads to (different) anomalous diffusion exponents. Dimensional\nanalysis yields the qualitative behavior of the prefactors (generalized\ndiffusion constants) as a function of the correlation time.",
        "positive": "Onset Temperature of Slow Dynamics in Glass Forming Liquids: The behaviour of a model glass forming liquid is analyzed for a range of\ndensities, with a focus on the temperature interval where the liquid begins to\ndisplay non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of relaxation times. Analyzing the\ndynamics along with properties of local potential energy minima sampled by the\nliquid, a crossover or onset temperature $T_s$ is identified below which the\nliquid manifests {\\it slow dynamics}, and a change in the character of typical\nlocal potential energy minima."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of Kinks: Nucleation, Diffusion and Annihilation: We investigate the nucleation, annihilation, and dynamics of kinks in a\nclassical (1+1)-dimensional Phi^4 field theory at finite temperature. From\nlarge scale Langevin simulations, we establish that the nucleation rate is\nproportional to the square of the equilibrium density of kinks. We identify two\nannihilation time scales: one due to kink-antikink pair recombination after\nnucleation, the other from non-recombinant annihilation. We introduce a\nmesoscopic model of diffusing kinks based on ``paired'' and ``survivor''\nkinks/antikinks. Analytical predictions for the dynamical time scales, as well\nas the corresponding length scales, are in good agreement with the simulations.",
        "positive": "Magnetization process, bipartite entanglement and enhanced\n  magnetocaloric effect of the exactly solved spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg\n  tetrahedral chain: The frustrated spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg ladder with Heisenberg intra-rung\nand Ising inter-rung interactions is exactly solved in a longitudinal magnetic\nfield by taking advantage of the local conservation of the total spin on each\nrung and the transfer-matrix method. We have rigorously calculated the\nground-state phase diagram, magnetization process, magnetocaloric effect and\nbasic thermodynamic quantities for the model, which can be alternatively viewed\nas an Ising-Heisenberg tetrahedral chain. It is demonstrated that a stepwise\nmagnetization curve with an intermediate plateau at a half of the saturation\nmagnetization is also reflected in respective stepwise changes of the\nconcurrence serving as a measure of bipartite entanglement. The ground-state\nphase diagram and zero-temperature magnetization curves of the Ising-Heisenberg\ntetrahedral chain are contrasted with the analogous results of the purely\nquantum Heisenberg tetrahedral chain, which have been obtained through\ndensity-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations. While both\nground-state phase diagrams fully coincide in the regime of weak inter-rung\ninteraction, the purely quantum Heisenberg tetrahedral chain develops Luttinger\nspin-liquid and Haldane phases for strongly coupled rungs which are absent in\nthe Ising-Heisenberg counterpart model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transitions in the Horizontal Transport of Vertically Vibrated Granular\n  Layers: Motivated by recent advances in the investigation of fluctuation-driven\nratchets and flows in excited granular media, we have carried out experimental\nand simulational studies to explore the horizontal transport of granular\nparticles in a vertically vibrated system whose base has a sawtooth-shaped\nprofile. The resulting material flow exhibits novel collective behavior, both\nas a function of the number of layers of particles and the driving frequency;\nin particular, under certain conditions, increasing the layer thickness leads\nto a reversal of the current, while the onset of transport as a function of\nfrequency occurs gradually in a manner reminiscent of a phase transition. Our\nexperimental findings are interpreted here with the help of extensive, event\ndriven Molecular Dynamics simulations. In addition to reproducing the\nexperimental results, the simulations revealed that the current may be reversed\nas a function of the driving frequency as well. We also give details about the\nsimulations so that similar numerical studies can be carried out in a more\nstraightforward manner in the future.",
        "positive": "Going through Rough Times: from Non-Equilibrium Surface Growth to\n  Algorithmic Scalability: Efficient and faithful parallel simulation of large asynchronous systems is a\nchallenging computational problem. It requires using the concept of local\nsimulated times and a synchronization scheme. We study the scalability of\nmassively parallel algorithms for discrete-event simulations which employ\nconservative synchronization to enforce causality. We do this by looking at the\nsimulated time horizon as a complex evolving system, and we identify its\nuniversal characteristics. We find that the time horizon for the conservative\nparallel discrete-event simulation scheme exhibits Kardar-Parisi-Zhang-like\nkinetic roughening. This implies that the algorithm is asymptotically scalable\nin the sense that the average progress rate of the simulation approaches a\nnon-zero constant. It also implies, however, that there are diverging memory\nrequirements associated with such schemes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two theorems that relate discrete stochastic processes to microscopic\n  mechanics: Starting from a classical mechanics of a ``colloid particle'' and $N$ ``water\nmolecules'', we study effective stochastic dynamics of the particle which jumps\nbetween deep potential wells. We prove that the effective transition\nprobability satisfies (local) detailed balance condition. This enables us to\nrigorously determine precise form of the transition probability when barrier\npotentials have certain regularity and symmetry.",
        "positive": "Macroscopic fluxes and local reciprocal relation in second-order\n  stochastic processes far from equilibrium: Stochastic process is an essential tool for the investigation of the physical\nand life sciences at nanoscale. In the first-order stochastic processes widely\nused in chemistry and biology, only the flux of mass rather than that of heat\ncan be well defined. Here we investigate the two macroscopic fluxes in\nsecond-order stochastic processes driven by position-dependent forces and\ntemperature gradient. We prove that the thermodynamic equilibrium defined\nthrough the vanishing of macroscopic fluxes is equivalent to that defined via\ntime reversibility at mesoscopic scale. In the small noise limit, we find that\nthe entropy production rate, which has previously been defined by the\nmesoscopic irreversible fluxes on the phase space, matches the classic\nmacroscopic expression as the sum of the products of macroscopic fluxes and\ntheir associated thermodynamic forces. Further we show that the two pairs of\nforces and fluxes in such a limit follow a linear phenomenonical relation and\nthe associated scalar coefficients always satisfy the reciprocal relation for\nboth transient and steady states. The scalar coefficient is proportional to the\nsquare of local temperature divided by the local frictional coefficient and\noriginated from the second moment of velocity distribution along each\ndimension. This result suggests the very close connection between Soret effect\n(thermal diffusion) and Dufour effect at nano scale even far from equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the nonequilibrium relation between potential and stationary\n  distribution for driven diffusion: We investigate the relation between an applied potential and the\ncorresponding stationary state occupation for nonequilibrium and overdamped\ndiffusion processes. This relation typically becomes long ranged resulting in\nglobal changes for the relative density when the potential is locally\nperturbed, and inversely, we find that the potential needs to be wholly\nrearranged for the purpose of creating a locally changed density. The direct\nquestion, determining the density as a function of the potential, comes under\nthe response theory out of equilibrium. The inverse problem of determining the\npotential that produces a given stationary distribution naturally arises in the\nstudy of dynamical fluctuations. This link to the fluctuation theory results in\na variational characterization of the stationary density upon a given potential\nand vice versa.",
        "positive": "Entanglement Entropy Transitions with Random Tensor Networks: Entanglement is a key quantum phenomena and understanding transitions between\nphases of matter with different entanglement properties are an interesting\nprobe of quantum mechanics. We numerically study a model of a 2D tensor network\nproposed to have an entanglement entropy transition first considered by Vasseur\net al.[Phys. Rev. B 100, 134203 (2019)]. We find that by varying the bond\ndimension of the tensors in the network we can observe a transition between an\narea and volume phase with a logarithmic critical point around $D\\approx 2$. We\nfurther characterize the critical behavior measuring a critical exponent using\nentanglement entropy and the tripartite quantum mutual information, observe a\ncrossover from a `nearly pure' to entangled area law phase using the the\ndistributions of the entanglement entropy and find a cubic decay of the\npairwise mutual information at the transition. We further consider the\ndependence of these observables for different R\\'enyi entropy. This work helps\nfurther validate and characterize random tensor networks as a paradigmatic\nexamples of an entanglement transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic Properties of a Bose-Einstein Condensate: Three hyperfine states of Bose-condensed sodium atoms, recently optically\ntrapped, can be described as a spin-1 Bose gas. We study the behaviour of this\nsystem in a magnetic field, and construct the phase diagram, where the\ntemperature of the Bose condensation $T_{BEC}$ increases with magnetic field.\nIn particular the system is ferromagnetic below $T_{BEC}$ and the magnetization\nis proportional to the condensate fraction in a vanishing magnetic field.\nSecond derivatives of the magnetisation with regard to temperature or magnetic\nfield are discontinuous along the phase boundary.",
        "positive": "Universal location of the Yang-Lee edge singularity in O(N) theories: We determine a previously unknown universal quantity, the location of the\nYang-Lee edge singularity for the O($N$) theories in a wide range of $N$ and\nvarious dimensions. At large $N$, we reproduce the $N\\to\\infty$ analytical\nresult on the location of the singularity and, additionally, we obtain the\nmean-field result for the location in $d=4$ dimensions. In order to capture the\nnonperturbative physics for arbitrary $N$, $d$ and complex-valued external\nfields, we use the functional renormalization group approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fitness for Synchronization of Network Motifs: We study the phase synchronization of Kuramoto's oscillators in small parts\nof networks known as motifs. We first report on the system dynamics for the\ncase of a scale-free network and show the existence of a non-trivial critical\npoint. We compute the probability that network motifs synchronize, and find\nthat the fitness for synchronization correlates well with motif's\ninterconnectedness and structural complexity. Possible implications for present\ndebates about network evolution in biological and other systems are discussed.",
        "positive": "On the relationship between structure and dynamics in a supercooled\n  liquid: We present the dynamic propensity distribution as an explicit measure of the\ndegree to which the dynamics in a liquid over the time scale of structural\nrelaxation is determined by the initial configuration. We then examine, for a\nbinary mixture of soft discs in two dimensions, the correlation between the\nspatial distribution of propensity and that of two localmeasures of\nconfiguration structure: the local composition and local free volume. While the\nsmall particles dominate the high propensity population,we find no strong\ncorrelation between either the local composition or the local free volume and\nthe propensity. It is argued that this is a generic failure of purely local\nstructural measures to capture the inherently non-local character of collective\nbehaviour."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation induced by coupled transport processes: Several lattice models display a condensation transition in real space when\nthe density of a suitable order parameter exceeds a critical value. We consider\none of such models with two conservation laws, in a one-dimensional open setup\nwhere the system is attached to two external reservoirs. Both reservoirs impose\nsubcritical boundary conditions at the chain ends. When such boundary\nconditions are equal, the system is in equilibrium below the condensation\nthreshold and no condensate can appear. Instead, when the system is kept out of\nequilibrium, localization may arise in an internal portion of the lattice. We\ndiscuss the origin of this phenomenon, the relevance of the number of\nconservation laws, and the effect of the pinning of the condensate on the\ndynamics of the out-of-equilibrium state.",
        "positive": "Series expansions from the corner transfer matrix renormalization group\n  method: the hard squares model: The corner transfer matrix renormalization group method is an efficient\nmethod for evaluating physical quantities in statistical mechanical models. It\noriginates from Baxter's corner transfer matrix equations and method, and was\ndeveloped by Nishino and Okunishi in 1996. In this paper, we review and adapt\nthis method, previously used for numerical calculations, to derive series\nexpansions. We use this to calculate 92 terms of the partition function of the\nhard squares model. We also examine the claim that the method is subexponential\nin the number of generated terms and briefly analyse the resulting series."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A two-variable series for the contact process with diffusion: In this work we use the technique of the partial differential approximants to\ndetermine, from a pertubative supercritical series expansion for the ulimate\nsurvival probability, the critical line of the contact process model in one\ndimension with diffusion and estimate the value of the crossover exponent that\ncharacterizes the change of the critical behavior from the 1d directed\npercolation universality class to the mean-field directed percolation\nuniversality class. This crossover occurs in the limit of infinite diffusion\nrate.",
        "positive": "The Largest Cluster in Subcritical Percolation: The statistical behavior of the size (or mass) of the largest cluster in\nsubcritical percolation on a finite lattice of size $N$ is investigated (below\nthe upper critical dimension, presumably $d_c=6$). It is argued that as $N \\to\n\\infty$ the cumulative distribution function converges to the Fisher-Tippett\n(or Gumbel) distribution $e^{-e^{-z}}$ in a certain weak sense (when suitably\nnormalized). The mean grows like $s_\\xi^* \\log N$, where $s_\\xi^*(p)$ is a\n``crossover size''. The standard deviation is bounded near $s_\\xi^*\n\\pi/\\sqrt{6}$ with persistent fluctuations due to discreteness. These\npredictions are verified by Monte Carlo simulations on $d=2$ square lattices of\nup to 30 million sites, which also reveal finite-size scaling. The results are\nexplained in terms of a flow in the space of probability distributions as $N\n\\to \\infty$. The subcritical segment of the physical manifold ($0 < p < p_c$)\napproaches a line of limit cycles where the flow is approximately described by\na ``renormalization group'' from the classical theory of extreme order\nstatistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Guyer-Krumhansl-type heat conduction at room temperature: Results of heat pulse experiments in various artificial and natural materials\nare reported in the paper. The experiments are performed at room temperature\nwith macroscopic samples. It is shown that temperature evolution does not\nfollow the Fourier's law but well explained by the Guyer-Krumhansl equation.\nThe observations confirm the ability of non-equilibrium thermodynamics to\nformulate universal constitutive relations for thermomechanical processes.",
        "positive": "Detecting fuzzy community structures in complex networks with a Potts\n  model: A fast community detection algorithm based on a q-state Potts model is\npresented. Communities in networks (groups of densely interconnected nodes that\nare only loosely connected to the rest of the network) are found to coincide\nwith the domains of equal spin value in the minima of a modified Potts spin\nglass Hamiltonian. Comparing global and local minima of the Hamiltonian allows\nfor the detection of overlapping (``fuzzy'') communities and quantifying the\nassociation of nodes to multiple communities as well as the robustness of a\ncommunity. No prior knowledge of the number of communities has to be assumed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster mean-field study of the parity conserving phase transition: The phase transition of the even offspringed branching and annihilating\nrandom walk is studied by N-cluster mean-field approximations on\none-dimensional lattices. By allowing to reach zero branching rate a phase\ntransition can be seen for any N <= 12.The coherent anomaly extrapolations\napplied for the series of approximations results in $\\nu_{\\perp}=1.85(3)$ and\n$\\beta=0.96(2)$.",
        "positive": "Theory of the liquid-glass transition in water: A quantum field theory of the liquid-glass transition in water based on the\ntwo band model in the harmonic potential approximation is presented by taking\ninto account of the hydrogen bonding effect and the polarization effect. The\nsound and diffusion associated with intra-band density fluctuations, and the\nphonons and viscocity associated with inter-band density fluctuations are\ncalculated. The Kauzmann paradox on the Kauzmann's entropy crisis and the\nVogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) law on the relaxation times and the transport\ncoefficients are elucidated from the sound instability at a reciprocal particle\ndistance corresponding a hydrogen bond length and at the sound instability\ntemperature very close to the Kauzmann temperature. The gap of specific heat at\nthe glass transition temperature and the boson peaks are also presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Star-graph expansions for bond-diluted Potts models: We derive high-temperature series expansions for the free energy and the\nsusceptibility of random-bond $q$-state Potts models on hypercubic lattices\nusing a star-graph expansion technique. This method enables the exact\ncalculation of quenched disorder averages for arbitrary uncorrelated coupling\ndistributions. Moreover, we can keep the disorder strength $p$ as well as the\ndimension $d$ as symbolic parameters. By applying several series analysis\ntechniques to the new series expansions, one can scan large regions of the\n$(p,d)$ parameter space for any value of $q$. For the bond-diluted 4-state\nPotts model in three dimensions, which exhibits a rather strong first-order\nphase transition in the undiluted case, we present results for the transition\ntemperature and the effective critical exponent $\\gamma$ as a function of $p$\nas obtained from the analysis of susceptibility series up to order 18. A\ncomparison with recent Monte Carlo data (Chatelain {\\em et al.}, Phys. Rev.\nE64, 036120(2001)) shows signals for the softening to a second-order transition\nat finite disorder strength.",
        "positive": "Legendre transforms for electrostatic energies: We review the use of Legendre transforms in the formulation of electrostatic\nenergies in condensed matter. We show how to render standard functionals\nexpressed in terms of the electrostatic potential, Phi, convex - at the cost of\nexpressing them in terms of the vector field D. This leads to great\nsimplification in the formulation of numerical minimisation of electrostatic\nenergies coupled to other physical degrees of freedom. We also demonstrate the\nequivalence of recent functionals for dielectrics derived using field theory\nmethods to classical formulations in terms of the electric polarisation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collective oscillations of a trapped Fermi gas near the unitary limit: We calculate the oscillation frequencies of trapped Fermi condensate with\nparticular emphasis on the equation of state of the interacting Fermi system.\nWe confirm Stringari's finding that the frequencies are independent of the\ninteraction in the unitary limit, and we extend the theory away from that\nlimit, where the interaction does affect the frequencies of the compressional\nmodes only.",
        "positive": "The Luttinger model following a sudden interaction switch-on: The evolution of correlations in the \\emph{exactly} solvable Luttinger model\n(a model of interacting fermions in one dimension) after a sudden interaction\nswitch-on is \\emph{analytically} studied. When the model is defined on a\nfinite-size ring, zero-temperature correlations are periodic in time. However,\nin the thermodynamic limit, the system relaxes algebraically towards a\nstationary state which is well described, at least for some simple correlation\nfunctions, by the generalized Gibbs ensemble recently introduced by Rigol\n\\emph{et al.} [cond-mat/0604476]. The critical exponent that characterizes the\ndecay of the one-particle correlation function is different from the known\nequilibrium exponents. Experiments for which these results can be relevant are\nalso discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-Time Tails, Weak Localization, and Classical and Quantum Critical\n  Behavior: An overview is given of the long-time and long-distance behavior of\ncorrelation functions in both classical and quantum statistical mechanics.\nAfter a simple derivation of the classical long-time tails in equilibrium time\ncorrelation functions, we discuss analogous long-distance phenomena in\nnonequilibrium classical systems. The paper then draws analogies between these\nphenomena and similar effects in quantum statistical mechanics, with emphasis\non the soft modes that underly long-time tails and related phenomena. We also\nelucidate the interplay between critical phenomena and long-time tails, using\nthe classical liquid-gas critical point and the quantum ferromagnetic\ntransition as examples.",
        "positive": "Characterization of phase transition in Heisenberg mixtures from density\n  functional theory: The phase transition of hard-sphere Heisenberg and Neutral Hard spheres\nmixture fluids has been investigated with the density functional theory in\nmean-field approximation (MF). The matrix of second derivatives of the grand\ncanonical potential $\\Omega$ with respect to the total density, concentration,\nand the magnetization fluctuations has been investigated and diagonalized. The\nzero of the smallest eigenvalue $\\lambda_s$ signalizes the phase instability\nand the related eigenvector $\\textbf{x}_s$ characterizes this phase transition.\nWe find a Curie line where the order parameter is pure magnetization and a\nmixed spinodal where the order parameter is a mixture of total density,\nconcentration, and magnetization. Although in the fixed total number density or\ntemperature sections the obtained spinodal diagrams are quite similar topology,\nthe predominant phase instabilities are considerable different by analyzing\n$\\textbf{x}_s$ in density-concentration-magnetization fluctuations space.\nFurthermore the spinodal diagrams in the different fixed concentration are\ntopologically different."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Behavior of Binary Fluid Mixtures Confined in a Model Aerogel: It is found experimentally that the coexistence region of a vapor-liquid\nsystem or a binary mixture is substantially narrowed when the fluid is confined\nin a aerogel with a high degree of porosity (e.g. of the order of 95% to 99%).\nA Hamiltonian model for this system has recently been introduced (J.Donley PRE\n55:539, 1997}. We have performed Monte-Carlo simulations for this model to\nobtain the phase diagram for the model. We use a periodic fractal structure\nconstructed by diffusion-limited cluster-cluster aggregation (DLCA) method to\nsimulate a realistic gel environment. The phase diagram obtained is\nqualitatively similar to that observed experimentally. We also have observed\nsome metastable branches in the phase diagram which have not been seen in\nexperiments yet. These branches, however, might be important in the context of\nrecent theoretical predictions and other simulations.",
        "positive": "The Magnetization by the Finite Energy Constant Magnetic Field in the\n  Two - Dimentional Ising Model: We suggest the new definition of the magnetization. For the two - dimensional\nIsing model with the free boundary conditions we calculate this magnetization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superdiffusive dispersals impart the geometry of underlying random walks: It is recognised now that a variety of real-life phenomena ranging from\ndiffuson of cold atoms to motion of humans exhibit dispersal faster than normal\ndiffusion. L\\'evy walks is a model that excelled in describing such\nsuperdiffusive behaviors albeit in one dimension. Here we show that, in\ncontrast to standard random walks, the microscopic geometry of planar\nsuperdiffusive L\\'evy walks is imprinted in the asymptotic distribution of the\nwalkers. The geometry of the underlying walk can be inferred from trajectories\nof the walkers by calculating the analogue of the Pearson coefficient.",
        "positive": "Emergence of quantum spin frustration in spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model\n  on a decorated honeycomb lattice: We study the spin-1/2 Ising-XXZ model on a decorated honeycomb lattice\ncomposed of five spins per unit cell, one Ising spin, and four Heisenberg\nspins. This model involving the Heisenberg exchange interaction is one of the\nfew models that can be exactly solvable through the generalized star-triangle\ntransformation. The significance of this model is its close relationship to the\nfully decorated quantum Heisenberg honeycomb lattice since 4/5 of the particles\nare Heisenberg spins. We investigate the phase diagram at zero temperature and\nidentify a relevant quantum spin frustrated phase resulting from the\ncontribution of quantum Heisenberg exchange interaction. We obtain an exact\nresidual entropy for the quantum spin frustrated phase, which coincides with\nthe residual entropy of the antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 Ising model on a\ntriangular lattice. We also thoroughly explore its thermodynamic properties,\nfocusing mainly on the frustrated region such as entropy, specific heat,\nspontaneous magnetization, and critical temperature under several conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nuclear norm regularized loop optimization for tensor network: We propose a loop optimization algorithm based on nuclear norm regularization\nfor tensor network. The key ingredient of this scheme is to introduce a rank\npenalty term proposed in the context of data processing. Compared to standard\nvariational periodic matrix product states method, this algorithm can\ncircumvent the local minima related to short-ranged correlation in a simpler\nfashion. We demonstrate its performance when used as a part of the tensor\nnetwork renormalization algorithms [S. Yang, Z.-C. Gu, and X.-G. Wen, Phys.\nRev. Lett. 118, 110504 (2017)] for the critical 2D Ising model. The scale\ninvariance of the renormalized tensors is attained with higher accuracy while\nthe higher parts of the scaling dimension spectrum are obtained in a more\nstable fashion.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium quantum dynamics of many-body systems: We review our results for the dynamics of isolated many-body quantum systems\ndescribed by one-dimensional spin-1/2 models. We explain how the evolution of\nthese systems depends on the initial state and the strength of the perturbation\nthat takes them out of equilibrium; on the Hamiltonian, whether it is\nintegrable or chaotic; and on the onset of multifractal eigenstates that occurs\nin the vicinity of the transition to a many-body localized phase. We unveil\ndifferent behaviors at different time scales. We also discuss how information\nabout the spectrum of a many-body quantum system can be extracted by the sole\nanalysis of its time evolution, giving particular attention to the so-called\ncorrelation hole. This approach is useful for experiments that routinely study\ndynamics, but have limited or no direct access to spectroscopy, as experiments\nwith cold atoms and trapped ions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rise and Fall of Reentrant Phase Transitions in a Coupled Spin-Electron\n  Model on a Doubly Decorated Honeycomb Lattice: Phase diagrams and spontaneous magnetization are rigorously calculated for a\ncoupled spin-electron model on a doubly decorated honeycomb lattice, which\naccounts for a quantum-mechanical hopping of the mobile electrons on decorating\nsites, the nearest-neighbor Ising coupling between mobile electrons and\nlocalized spins, as well as, the further-neighbor Ising coupling between the\nlocalized spins placed on nodal sites. The spontaneously ordered ferromagnetic\nphase, spontaneously ordered antiferromagnetic phase and disordered\nparamagnetic phase emerge in a phase diagram depending on an electron filling\nof the decorating sites, a relative size of the hopping term and both\nconsidered coupling constants. It is evidenced that a nature and size of the\nfurther-neighbor Ising coupling between the localized spins basically\ninfluences rise and fall of reentrant transitions close to a phase boundary\nbetween the paramagnetic phase and both spontaneously ordered phases.",
        "positive": "Non-Markovian stochastic Liouville equation and anomalous relaxation\n  kinetics: The kinetics of phase and population relaxation in quantum systems induced by\nnoise with anomalously slowly decaying correlation function P (t) ~ (wt)^{-\nalpha}, where 0 < alpha < 1 is analyzed within continuous time random walk\napproach. The relaxation kinetics is shown to be anomalously slow. Moreover for\nalpha < 1 in the limit of short characteristic time of fluctuations w^{-1} the\nkinetics is independent of w. As alpha \\to 1 the relaxation regime changes from\nthe static limit to fluctuation narrowing. Simple analytical expressions are\nobtained describing the specific features of the kinetics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Macroscopic description of particle systems with non-local\n  density-dependent diffusivity: In this paper we study macroscopic density equations in which the diffusion\ncoefficient depends on a weighted spatial average of the density itself. We\nshow that large differences (not present in the local density-dependence case)\nappear between the density equations that are derived from different\nrepresentations of the Langevin equation describing a system of interacting\nBrownian particles. Linear stability analysis demonstrates that under some\ncircumstances the density equation interpreted like Ito has pattern solutions,\nwhich never appear for the Hanggi-Klimontovich interpretation, which is the\nother one typically appearing in the context of nonlinear diffusion processes.\nWe also introduce a discrete-time microscopic model of particles that confirms\nthe results obtained at the macroscopic density level.",
        "positive": "Kinematically constrained vortex dynamics in charge density waves: We build a minimal model of dissipative vortex dynamics in two spatial\ndimensions, subject to a kinematic constraint: dipole conservation. The\nadditional conservation law implies anomalously slow decay rates for vortices.\nWe argue that this model of vortex dynamics is relevant for a broad range of\ntime scales during a quench into a uniaxial charge density wave state. Our\npredictions are consistent with recent experiments on uniaxial charge density\nwave formation in $\\mathrm{LaTe}_3$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slow logarithmic relaxation in models with hierarchically constrained\n  dynamics: A general kind of models with hierarchically constrained dynamics is shown to\nexhibit logarithmic anomalous relaxation, similarly to a variety of complex\nstrongly interacting materials. The logarithmic behavior describes most of the\ndecay of the response function.",
        "positive": "Entropic forces in a non-equilibrium system: Flocks of birds: When birds come together to form a flock, the distribution of their\nindividual velocities narrows around the mean velocity of the flock. We argue\nthat, in a broad class of models for the joint distribution of positions and\nvelocities, this narrowing generates an entropic force that opposes the\ncohesion of the flock. The strength of this force depends strongly on the\nnature of the interactions among birds: if birds are coupled to a fixed number\nof neighbors, the entropic forces are weak, while if they couple to all other\nbirds within a fixed distance, the entropic forces are sufficient to tear a\nflock apart. Similar entropic forces should occur in other non-equilibrium\nsystems. For the joint distribution of protein structures and amino-acid\nsequences, these forces favor the occurrence of \"highly designable\" structures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Results for the Roughness of a Finite Size Random Walk: We consider the role of finite size effects on the value of the effective\nHurst exponent H. This problem is motivated by the properties of the high\nfrequency daily stock-prices. For a finite size random walk we derive some\nexact results based on Spitzer's identity. The conclusion is that finite size\neffects strongly enhance the value of H and the convergency to the asymptotic\nvalue (H=1/2) is rather slow. This result has a series of conceptual and\npractical implication which we discuss.",
        "positive": "The Anomalous Long-Ranged Influence of an Inclusion in\n  Momentum-Conserving Active Fluids: We show that an inclusion placed inside a dilute Stokesian suspension of\nmicroswimmers induces power-law number-density modulations and flows. These\ntake a different form depending on whether the inclusion is held fixed by an\nexternal force, for example an optical tweezer, or if it is free. When the\ninclusion is held in place, the far-field fluid flow is a Stokeslet, while the\nmicroswimmer density decays as $1/r^{2+\\epsilon}$, with $r$ the distance from\nthe inclusion, and $\\epsilon$ an anomalous exponent which depends on the\nsymmetry of the inclusion and varies continuously as a function of a\ndimensionless number characterizing the relative amplitudes of the convective\nand diffusive effects. The angular dependence takes a non-trivial form which\ndepends on the same dimensionless number. When the inclusion is free to move,\nthe far-field fluid flow is a stresslet and the microswimmer density decays as\n$1/r^2$ with a simple angular dependence. These long-range modulations mediate\nlong-range interactions between inclusions that we characterize."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bose-Einstein condensates at equilibrium inside a pancake-shaped trap:\n  dimensional cross-over in the scattering properties: Two-dimensionality of the scattering events in a Bose-Einstein condensate\nintroduces a logarithmic dependence on density in the coupling constant\nentering a mean-field theory of the equilibrium density profile, which becomes\ndominant as the s-wave scattering length gets larger than the condensate\nthickness. We analyze quantitatively the role of the form of the coupling\nconstant in determining the transverse profile of a condensate confined in a\nharmonic pancake-shaped trap at zero temperature. We trace the regions of\nexperimentally accessible system parameters for which the cross-over between\ndifferent dimensionality behaviors may become observable through in situ\nimaging of the condensed cloud with varying trap anisotropy and scattering\nlength.",
        "positive": "Vanishing of configurational entropy may not imply an ideal glass\n  transition in randomly pinned liquids: Ozawa et. al [1] presented numerical results for the configurational entropy\ndensity, $s_c$, of a model glass-forming liquid in the presence of random\npinning. The location of a \"phase boundary\" in the pin density ($c$) -\ntemperature ($T$) plane, that separates an \"ideal glass\" phase from the\nsupercooled liquid phase, is obtained by finding the points at which $s_c(T,c)\n\\to 0$. According to the theoretical arguments by Cammarota et. al. [2], an\nideal glass transition at which the $\\alpha$-relaxation time $\\tau_\\alpha$\ndiverges takes place when $s_c$ goes to zero. We have studied the dynamics of\nthe same system using molecular dynamics simulations. We have calculated the\ntime-dependence of the self intermediate scattering function, $F_s(k,t)$ at\nthree state points in the $(c-T)$ plane where $s_c(T,c) \\simeq 0$ according to\nRef. [1]. It is clear from the plots that the relaxation time is finite\n[$\\tau_\\alpha \\sim \\mathcal{O}(10^6)]$ at these state points. Similar\nconclusions have been obtained in Ref.[3] where an overlap function was used to\ncalculate $\\tau_\\alpha$ at these state points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adiabatic dynamics in passage across quantum critical lines and gapless\n  phases: It is well known that the dynamics of a quantum system is always\nnon-adiabatic in passage through a quantum critical point and the defect\ndensity in the final state following a quench shows a power-law scaling with\nthe rate of quenching. However, we propose here a possible situation where the\ndynamics of a quantum system in passage across quantum critical regions is\nadiabatic and the defect density decays exponentially. This is achieved by\nincorporating additional interactions which lead to quantum critical behavior\nand gapless phases but do not participate in the time evolution of the system.\nTo illustrate the general argument, we study the defect generation in the\nquantum critical dynamics of a spin-1/2 anisotropic quantum XY spin chain with\nthree spin interactions and a linearly driven staggered magnetic field.",
        "positive": "Energy bursts in fiber bundle models of composite materials: As a model of composite materials, a bundle of many fibers with\nstochastically distributed breaking thresholds for the individual fibers is\nconsidered. The bundle is loaded until complete failure to capture the failure\nscenario of composite materials under external load. The fibers are assumed to\nshare the load equally, and to obey Hookean elasticity right up to the breaking\npoint. We determine the distribution of bursts in which an amount of energy $E$\nis released. The energy distribution follows asymptotically a universal power\nlaw $E^{-5/2}$, for any statistical distribution of fiber strengths. A similar\npower law dependence is found in some experimental acoustic emission studies of\nloaded composite materials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-Size Effects on Critical Diffusion and Relaxation Towards\n  Metastable Equilibrium: We present the first analytic study of finite-size effects on critical\ndiffusion above and below T_c of three-dimensional Ising-like systems whose\norder parameter is coupled to a conserved density. We also calculate the\nfinite-size relaxation time that governs the critical order-parameter\nrelaxation towards a metastable equilibrium state below T_c. Two new universal\ndynamic amplitude ratios at T_c are predicted and quantitative predictions of\ndynamic finite-size scaling functions are given that can be tested by\nMonte-Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Proof of quantum mechanical H-theorem beyond binary collisions in\n  quantum gases: We have proved the quantum mechanical H-theorem for dilute Bose and Fermi\ngases by generalizing the quantum statistical Boltzmann equation for all\npossible many-body elastic collisions among the particles in the quantum gases\nwithin the Lippmann-Schwinger formalism. Previous study by Pauli did almost the\nsame only for binary elastic collisions. We are considering all possible\nmany-body elastic collisions for the current study. Our proof offers a better\nunderstanding to the foundation of the second law of thermodynamics for quantum\ngases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dictionary based methods for information extraction: In this paper we present a general method for information extraction that\nexploits the features of data compression techniques. We first define and focus\nour attention on the so-called \"dictionary\" of a sequence. Dictionaries are\nintrinsically interesting and a study of their features can be of great\nusefulness to investigate the properties of the sequences they have been\nextracted from (e.g. DNA strings). We then describe a procedure of string\ncomparison between dictionary-created sequences (or \"artificial texts\") that\ngives very good results in several contexts. We finally present some results on\nself-consistent classification problems.",
        "positive": "Generalization of the Mean-Field Ising Model Within Tsallis\n  Thermostatistics: In this study, the mean-field Ising model, using the Bogolyubov inequality\nwhich has been obtained in the frame of the generalized statistics, has been\ninvestigated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Model of Fractionalization of Faraday Lines in Compact Electrodynamics: Motivated by ideas of fractionalization and intrinsic topological order in\nbosonic models with short-range interactions, we consider similar phenomena in\nformal lattice gauge theory models. Specifically, we show that a compact\nquantum electrodynamics (CQED) can have, besides the familiar Coulomb and\nconfined phases, additional unusual confined phases where excitations are\nquantum lines carrying fractions of the elementary unit of electric field\nstrength. We construct a model that has $N$-tupled monopole condensation and\nrealizes $1/N$ fractionalization of the quantum Faraday lines. This phase has\nanother excitation which is a $Z_N$ quantum surface in spatial dimensions five\nand higher, but can be viewed as a quantum line or a quantum particle in four\nor three spatial dimensions respectively. These excitation have statistical\ninteractions with the fractionalized Faraday lines; for example, in three\nspatial dimensions, the particle excitation picks up a Berry phase of\n$e^{i2\\pi/N}$ when going around the fractionalized Faraday line excitation. We\ndemonstrate the existence of this phase by Monte Carlo simulations in (3+1)\nspace-time dimensions.",
        "positive": "A statistical mechanics perspective for protein folding from $q$-state\n  Potts model: The folding of a peptide chain into a three dimensional structure is a\nthermodynamically driven process such that the chain naturally evolves to form\ndomains of similar amino acids. The formation of this domain occurs by curling\nthe one dimensional amino acid sequence by moving similar amino acids proximity\nto each other. We model this formation of domains or ordering of amino acids\nusing q-state Potts model and study the thermodynamic properties using a\nstatistical mechanics approach. Converting the interacting amino acids into an\neffectively non-interacting model using a mean-field theory, we calculate the\nHelmholtz free energy (HFE). Then by investigating the HFE, we study the\nproperties of protein folding transition qualitatively. We find that the\nprotein folding phase transition is a strongly first order and the specific\nheat shows the experimental signatures of this phase transition. Further, we\ncompare these mean-field results with exact transfer matrix results in one\ndimension and then large $q$ expansion results in two dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonadiabatic Phase Transition with Broken Chiral Symmetry: We explore nonadiabatic quantum phase transitions in an Ising spin chain with\na linearly time-dependent transverse field and two different spins per unit\ncell. Such a spin system passes through critical points with gapless\nexcitations, which support nonadiabatic transitions. Nevertheless, we find that\nthe excitations on one of the chain sub-lattices are suppressed in the\nnearly-adiabatic regime exponentially. Thus, we reveal a coherent mechanism to\ninduce exponentially large density separation for different quasiparticles.",
        "positive": "Finite-size effects in the rough phase of the 3d Ising model: Using Monte Carlo simulations, finite-size effects of interfacial properties\nin the rough phase of the Ising on a cubic lattice with $L\\times L\\times R$\nsites are studied. In particular, magnetization profiles perpendicular to the\nflat interface of size L$\\times$R are studied, with $L$ being considerably\nlarger than $R$, in the (pre)critical temperature range. The resulting\n$R$-dependences are compared with predictions of the standard capillary-wave\ntheory, in the Gaussian approximation, and with a field theory based on\neffective string actions, for $L$=$\\infty$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficient simulation of the random-cluster model: The simulation of spin models close to critical points of continuous phase\ntransitions is heavily impeded by the occurrence of critical slowing down. A\nnumber of cluster algorithms, usually based on the Fortuin-Kasteleyn\nrepresentation of the Potts model, and suitable generalizations for\ncontinuous-spin models have been used to increase simulation efficiency. The\nfirst algorithm making use of this representation, suggested by Sweeny in 1983,\nhas not found widespread adoption due to problems in its implementation.\nHowever, it has been recently shown that it is indeed more efficient in\nreducing critical slowing down than the more well-known algorithm due to\nSwendsen and Wang. Here, we present an efficient implementation of Sweeny's\napproach for the random-cluster model using recent algorithmic advances in\ndynamic connectivity algorithms.",
        "positive": "Random-cluster multi-histogram sampling for the q-state Potts model: Using the random-cluster representation of the $q$-state Potts models we\nconsider the pooling of data from cluster-update Monte Carlo simulations for\ndifferent thermal couplings $K$ and number of states per spin $q$. Proper\ncombination of histograms allows for the evaluation of thermal averages in a\nbroad range of $K$ and $q$ values, including non-integer values of $q$. Due to\nrestrictions in the sampling process proper normalization of the combined\nhistogram data is non-trivial. We discuss the different possibilities and\nanalyze their respective ranges of applicability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Quenches and Relaxation Dynamics in the Thermodynamic Limit: We implement numerical linked cluster expansions (NLCEs) to study dynamics of\nlattice systems following quantum quenches, and focus on a hard-core boson\nmodel in one-dimensional lattices. We find that, in the nonintegrable regime\nand within the accessible times, local observables exhibit exponential\nrelaxation. We determine the relaxation rate as one departs from the integrable\npoint and show that it scales quadratically with the strength of the\nintegrability breaking perturbation. We compare the NLCE results with those\nfrom exact diagonalization calculations on finite chains with periodic boundary\nconditions, and show that NLCEs are far more accurate.",
        "positive": "On the Surface Tensions of Binary Mixtures: For binary mixtures with fixed concentrations of the species, various\nrelationships between the surface tensions and the concentrations are briefly\nreviewed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complex saddle trajectories for multidimensional quantum wave\n  packet/coherent state propagation: application to a many-body system: A practical search technique for finding the complex saddle points used in\nwave packet or coherent state propagation is developed which works for a large\nclass of Hamiltonian dynamical systems with many degrees of freedom. The method\ncan be applied to problems in atomic, molecular, and optical physics, and other\ndomains. A Bose-Hubbard model is used to illustrate the application to a\nmany-body system where discrete symmetries play an important and fascinating\nrole. For multidimensional wave packet propagation, locating the necessary\nsaddles involves the seemingly insurmountable difficulty of solving a boundary\nvalue problem in a high-dimensional complex space, followed by determining\nwhether each particular saddle found actually contributes. In principle, this\nmust be done for each propagation time considered. The method derived here\nidentifies a real search space of minimal dimension, which leads to a complete\nset of contributing saddles up to intermediate times much longer than the\nEhrenfest time scale for the system. The analysis also gives a powerful tool\nfor rapidly identifying the various dynamical regimes of the system.",
        "positive": "Magic Melters' Have Geometrical Origin: Recent experimental reports bring out extreme size sensitivity in the heat\ncapacities of Gallium and Aluminum clusters. In the present work we report\nresults of our extensive {\\it ab initio} molecular dynamical simulations on\nGa$_{30}$ and Ga$_{31}$, the pair which has shown rather dramatic size\nsensitivity. We trace the origin of this size sensitive heat capacities to the\nrelative order in their respective ground state geometries. Such an effect of\nnature of the ground state on the characteristics of heat capacities is also\nseen in case of small Gallium and Sodium clusters indicating that the observed\nsize sensitivity is a generic feature of small clusters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Beyond inverse Ising model: structure of the analytical solution for a\n  class of inverse problems: I consider the problem of deriving couplings of a statistical model from\nmeasured correlations, a task which generalizes the well-known inverse Ising\nproblem. After reminding that such problem can be mapped on the one of\nexpressing the entropy of a system as a function of its corresponding\nobservables, I show the conditions under which this can be done without\nresorting to iterative algorithms. I find that inverse problems are local (the\ninverse Fisher information is sparse) whenever the corresponding models have a\nfactorized form, and the entropy can be split in a sum of small cluster\ncontributions. I illustrate these ideas through two examples (the Ising model\non a tree and the one-dimensional periodic chain with arbitrary order\ninteraction) and support the results with numerical simulations. The extension\nof these methods to more general scenarios is finally discussed.",
        "positive": "Vortex Core Size in $^3$He-$^4$He films with Monolayer Superfluid $^4$He: The superfluid transition of $^3$He-$^4$He mixture films adsorbed on alumina\npowder is studied, with a $^4$He superfluid coverage near one layer. With up to\n1.3 layers of $^3$He added, the transition becomes strongly broadened,\nindicating a linear increase in the vortex core size for $^3$He coverages below\none layer. Annealing of the sample mixture at 4.2 K is found to be critically\nimportant in ensuring a homogeneous film across the porous substrate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Derivation of the not-so-common fluctuation theorems: The detailed fluctuation theorems of the exact form $P(A)/P(-A)=e^A$ exist\nonly for a handful of variables $A$, namely for work (Crooks theorem), for\ntotal entropy change (Seifert's theorem), etc. However, the so-called modified\ndetailed fluctuation theorems can be formulated for several other thermodynamic\nvariables as well. The difference is that the modified relations contain an\nextra factor, which is dependent on $A$. This factor is usually an average of a\nquantity $e^{-B}$, where $B\\neq A$, with repect to the conditional probability\ndistribution $P(B|A)$. The corresponding modified integral fluctuation theorems\nalso differ from their original counterparts, by not having the usual form\n$\\left<e^{-A}\\right>=1$. The generalization of these relations in presence of\nfeedback has been discussed briefly. The results derived here serve to\ncomplement the already existing results in fluctuation theorems. The steps\nleading to the quantum version of these derivations have been outlined in the\nappendix.",
        "positive": "Phase transition of an SU(3) symmetric spin-1 chain: We investigate a phase transition in an SU(3) symmetric spin-1 chain. We\nidentify the universality class of the critical trimer liquid phase, as well as\nthe phase boundary between these two phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production at criticality in a nonequilibrium Potts model: Understanding nonequilibrium systems and the consequences of irreversibility\nfor the system's behavior as compared to the equilibrium case, is a fundamental\nquestion in statistical physics. Here, we investigate two types of\nnonequilbrium phase transitions, a second-order and an infinite-order phase\ntransition, in a prototypical q-state vector Potts model which is driven out of\nequilibrium by coupling the spins to heat baths at two different temperatures.\nWe discuss the behavior of the quantities that are typically considered in the\nvicinity of (equilibrium) phase transitions, like the specific heat, and\nmoreover investigate the behavior of the entropy production (EP), which\ndirectly quantifies the irreversibility of the process. For the second-order\nphase transition, we show that the universality class remains the same as in\nequilibrium. Further, the derivative of the EP rate with respect to the\ntemperature diverges with a power-law at the critical point, but displays a\nnon-universal critical exponent, which depends on the temperature difference,\ni.e., the strength of the driving. For the infinite-order transition, the\nderivative of the EP exhibits a maximum in the disordered phase, similar to the\nspecific heat. However, in contrast to the specific heat, whose maximum is\nindependent of the strength of the driving, the maximum of the derivative of\nthe EP grows with increasing temperature difference. We also consider entropy\nfluctuations and find that their skewness increases with the driving strength,\nin both cases, in the vicinity of the second-order transition, as well as\naround the infinite-order transition.",
        "positive": "Free-volume kinetic models of granular matter: We show that the main dynamical features of granular media can be understood\nby means of simple models of fragile-glass forming liquid provided that gravity\nalone is taken into account. In such lattice-gas models of cohesionless and\nfrictionless particles, the compaction and segregation phenomena appear as\npurely non-equilibrium effects unrelated to the Boltzmann-Gibbs measure which\nin this case is trivial. They provide a natural framework in which slow\nrelaxation phenomena in granular and glassy systems can be explained in terms\nof a common microscopic mechanism given by a free-volume kinetic constraint."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transition in inelastic disks: This letter investigates the molecular dynamics of inelastic disks without\nexternal forcing. By introducing a new observation frame with a rescaled time,\nwe observe the virtual steady states converted from asymptotic energy\ndissipation processes. System behavior in the thermodynamic limit is carefully\ninvestigated. It is found that a phase transition with symmetry breaking occurs\nwhen the magnitude of dissipation is greater than a critical value.",
        "positive": "Phase transition and critical properties of spin-orbital interacting\n  systems: Phase transition and critical properties of Ising-like spin-orbital\ninteracting systems in 2-dimensional triangular lattice are investigated. We\nfirst show that the ground state of the system is a composite spin-orbital\nferro-ordered phase. Though Landau effective field theory predicts the\nsecond-order phase transition of the composite spin-orbital order, however, the\ncritical exponents obtained by the renormalization group approach demonstrate\nthat the spin-orbital order-disorder transition is far from the second-order,\nrather, it is more close to the first-order, implying that the widely observed\nfirst-order transition in many transition-metal oxides may be intrinsic. The\nunusual critical behavior near the transition point is attributed to the\nfractionalization of the composite order parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Metastability for reversible probabilistic cellular automata with\n  self--interaction: The problem of metastability for a stochastic dynamics with a parallel\nupdating rule is addressed in the Freidlin--Wentzel regime, namely, finite\nvolume, small magnetic field, and small temperature. The model is characterized\nby the existence of many fixed points and cyclic pairs of the zero temperature\ndynamics, in which the system can be trapped in its way to the stable phase.\n%The characterization of the metastable behavior %of a system in the context of\nparallel dynamics is a very difficult task, %since all the jumps in the\nconfiguration space are allowed. Our strategy is based on recent powerful\napproaches, not needing a complete description of the fixed points of the\ndynamics, but relying on few model dependent results. We compute the exit time,\nin the sense of logarithmic equivalence, and characterize the critical droplet\nthat is necessarily visited by the system during its excursion from the\nmetastable to the stable state. We need to supply two model dependent inputs:\n(1) the communication energy, that is the minimal energy barrier that the\nsystem must overcome to reach the stable state starting from the metastable\none; (2) a recurrence property stating that for any configuration different\nfrom the metastable state there exists a path, starting from such a\nconfiguration and reaching a lower energy state, such that its maximal energy\nis lower than the communication energy.",
        "positive": "Active Brownian Particles in a Circular Disk with an Absorbing Boundary: We solve the time-dependent Fokker-Planck equation for a two-dimensional\nactive Brownian particle exploring a circular region with an absorbing\nboundary. Using the passive Brownian particle as basis states and dealing with\nthe activity as a perturbation, we provide a matrix representation of the\nFokker-Planck operator and we express the propagator in terms of the perturbed\neigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Alternatively, we show that the propagator can\nbe expressed as a combination of the equilibrium eigenstates with weights\ndepending only on time and on the initial conditions, and obeying exact\niterative relations. Our solution allows also obtaining the survival\nprobability and the first-passage time distribution. These latter quantities\nexhibit peculiarities induced by the non-equilibrium character of the dynamics,\nin particular, they display a strong dependence on the activity of the particle\nand, to a less extent, also on its rotational diffusivity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tailoring the escape rate of a Brownian particle by combining a vortex\n  flow with a magnetic field: The probability per unit time for a thermally activated Brownian particle to\nescape over a potential well is in general well-described by Kramers theory.\nKramers showed that the escape time decreases exponentially with increasing\nbarrier height. The dynamics slow down when the particle is charged and\nsubjected to a Lorentz force due to an external magnetic field. This is evident\nvia a rescaling of the diffusion coefficient entering as a prefactor in the\nKramers escape rate without any impact on the barrier-height-dependent\nexponent. Here we show that the barrier height can be effectively changed when\nthe charged particle is subjected to an external vortex flow. While the\nexternal vortex alone does not affect the mean escape time of the particle,\nwhen combined with a magnetic field it effectively pushes the fluctuating\nparticle either radially outside or inside depending on its sign relative to\nthat of the magnetic field. In particular, the effective potential over which\nthe particle escapes can be changed to a flat, a stable, and an unstable\npotential by tuning the signs and magnitudes of the external vortex and the\napplied magnetic field. Notably, the last case corresponds to enhanced escape\ndynamics.",
        "positive": "Using reweighting and free energy surface interpolation to predict\n  solid-solid phase diagrams: Many physical properties of small organic molecules are dependent on the\ncurrent crystal packing, or polymorph, of the material, including\nbioavailability of pharmaceuticals, optical properties of dyes, and charge\ntransport properties of semiconductors. Predicting the most stable crystalline\nform requires determining the crystalline form with the lowest relative Gibbs\nfree energy. Effective computational prediction of the most stable polymorph\ncould save significant time and effort in the design of novel molecular\ncrystalline solids or predict their behavior under new conditions.\n  In this study, we introduce a new approach using multistate reweighting to\naddress the problem of determining solid-solid phase diagrams, and apply this\napproach to the phase diagram of solid benzene. For this approach, we perform\nsampling at a selection of temperature and pressure states in the region of\ninterest. We use multistate reweighting methods to determine the reduced free\nenergy differences between $T$ and $P$ states within a given polymorph. The\nrelative stability of the polymorphs at the sampled states can be successively\ninterpolated from these points to create the phase diagram by combining these\nreduced free energy differences with a reference Gibbs free energy difference\nbetween polymorphs. The method also allows for straightforward estimation of\nuncertainties in the phase boundary. We also find that when properly\nimplemented, multistate reweighting for phase diagram determination scales\nbetter with size of system than previously estimated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymmetric transportation induced by thermal noise at the nanoscale: Based on a simple model, we theoretically show that asymmetric transportation\nis possible in nanoscale systems experiencing thermal noise without the\npresence of external fluctuations. The key to this theoretical advance is that\nthe correlation lengths of the thermal fluctuations become significantly long\nfor nanoscale systems. This differs from macroscopic systems in which the\nthermal noises are usually treated as white noise. Our observation does not\nviolate the second law of thermodynamics, since at nanoscale, extra energy is\nrequired to keep the asymmetric structure against thermal fluctuations.",
        "positive": "An exponential ramp in the quadratic Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model: A long period of linear growth in the spectral form factor provides a\nuniversal diagnostic of quantum chaos at intermediate times. By contrast, the\nbehavior of the spectral form factor in disordered integrable many-body models\nis not well understood. Here we study the two-body Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model and\nshow that the spectral form factor features an exponential ramp, in sharp\ncontrast to the linear ramp in chaotic models. We find a novel mechanism for\nthis exponential ramp in terms of a high-dimensional manifold of saddle points\nin the path integral formulation of the spectral form factor. This manifold\narises because the theory enjoys a large symmetry group. With finite\nnonintegrable interaction strength, these delicate symmetries reduce to a\nrelative time translation, causing the exponential ramp to give way to a linear\nramp."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Order-parameter critical exponent of absorbing phase transitions in\n  one-dimensional systems with two symmetric absorbing states: Via extensive Monte Carlo simulations along with systematic analyses of\ncorrections to scaling, we estimate the order parameter critical exponent\n$\\beta$ of absorbing phase transitions in systems with two symmetric absorbing\nstates. The value of $\\beta$ was conjectured to be $\\frac{13}{14}\\approx 0.93$\nand Monte Carlo simulation studies in the literature have repeatedly reproduced\nvalues consistent with the conjecture. In this paper, we systematically\nestimate $\\beta$ by analyzing the effective exponent after finding how strong\ncorrections to scaling are. We show that the widely accepted numerical value of\n$\\beta$ is not correct. Rather, we obtain $\\beta = 1.020(5)$ from different\nmodels with two symmetric absorbing states.",
        "positive": "Switching path distribution in multi-dimensional systems: We explore the distribution of paths followed in fluctuation-induced\nswitching between coexisting stable states. We introduce a quantitative\ncharacteristic of the path distribution in phase space that does not require a\npriori knowledge of system dynamics. The theory of the distribution is\ndeveloped and its direct measurement is performed in a micromechanical\noscillator driven into parametric resonance. The experimental and theoretical\nresults on the shape and position of the distribution are in excellent\nagreement, with no adjustable parameters. In addition, the experiment provides\nthe first demonstration of the lack of time-reversal symmetry in switching of\nsystems far from thermal equilibrium. The results open the possibility of\nefficient control of the switching probability based on the measured narrow\npath distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aspects of One-Dimensional Coulomb Gases: In this short review, we discuss recent advances in exact solutions of models\nbased on a one- dimensional (1D) Coulomb gas by means of field-theoretic\nfunctional integral methods. The exact solutions can be used to assess the\naccuracy of various approximations such as the weak coupling Poisson-Boltzmann\ntheory as well as the strong coupling theory of Coulomb gases. We consider\nthree different 1D models: the Coulomb fluid configuration in the case of the\nsoap film model consisting of positively and negatively charged particles\nbetween adsorbing boundaries, counterions between two charged surfaces, and an\nionic liquid lattice capacitor with positively and negatively charged particles\non a lattice between one positive and one negative bounding surface.",
        "positive": "Motion of a random walker in a quenched power law correlated velocity\n  field: We study the motion of a random walker in one longitudinal and d transverse\ndimensions with a quenched power law correlated velocity field in the\nlongitudinal x-direction. The model is a modification of the Matheron-de\nMarsily (MdM) model, with long-range velocity correlation. For a velocity\ncorrelation function, dependent on transverse co-ordinates y as 1/(a+|{y_1 -\ny_2}|)^alpha, we analytically calculate the two-time correlation function of\nthe x-coordinate. We find that the motion of the x-coordinate is a fractional\nBrownian motion (fBm), with a Hurst exponent H = max [1/2, (1- alpha/4),\n(1-d/4)]. From this and known properties of fBM, we calculate the disorder\naveraged persistence probability of x(t) up to time t. We also find the lines\nin the parameter space of d and alpha along which there is marginal behaviour.\nWe present results of simulations which support our analytical calculation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Quantum Boltzmann Equation in Semiconductor Physics: The quantum Boltzmann equation, or Fokker-Planck equation, has been used to\nsuccessfully explain a number of experiments in semiconductor optics in the\npast two decades. This paper reviews some of the developments of this work,\nincluding models of excitons in bulk materials, electron-hole plasmas, and\npolariton gases.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of the mesoscopic thermoelectric heat engine beyond the\n  linear-response regime: Mesoscopic thermoelectric heat engine is much anticipated as a device that\nallows us to utilize with high efficiency wasted heat inaccessible by\nconventional heat engines. However, the derivation of the heat current in this\nengine seems to be either not general or described too briefly, even\ninappropriate in some cases. In this paper, we give a clear-cut derivation of\nthe heat current of the engine with suitable assumptions beyond the\nlinear-response regime. It resolves the confusion in the definition of the heat\ncurrent in the linear-response regime. After verifying that we can construct\nthe same formalism as that of the cyclic engine, we find the following two\ninteresting results within the Landauer-B\\\"uttiker formalism: the efficiency of\nthe mesoscopic thermoelectric engine reaches the Carnot efficiency if and only\nif the transmission probability is finite at a specific energy and zero\notherwise; the unitarity of the transmission probability guarantees the second\nlaw of thermodynamics, invalidating Benenti et al.'s argument in the\nlinear-response regime that one could obtain a finite power with the Carnot\nefficiency under a broken time-reversal symmetry. These results demonstrate how\nquantum mechanics constraints thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Absolute calibration of the latent heat of transition using differential\n  thermal analysis: We describe a simple and accurate differential thermal analysis set up to\nmeasure the latent heat of solid state materials undergoing abrupt phase\ntransitions in the temperature range from 77 K to above room temperature. We\nreport a numerical technique for the absolute calibration of the latent heat of\nthe transition, without the need of a reference sample. The technique is\napplied to three different samples -- vanadium sesquioxide undergoing the Mott\ntransition, bismuth barium ruthenate undergoing a magnetoelastic transition,\nand an intermetallic Heusler compound. In each case, the inferred latent heat\nvalue agrees with the literature value to within its error margins. To further\ndemonstrate the importance of absolute calibration, we show that the changes in\nthe latent heat of the Mott transition in vanadium sesquioxide (V$_2$O$_3$)\nstays constant to within 2% even as the depth of supersaturation changes by\nabout 10 K, in non-equilibrium dynamic hysteresis measurements. We also apply\nthis technique for the measurement of the temperature-dependent specific heat.",
        "positive": "Glauber's Ising chain between two thermostats: We consider a one-dimensional Ising model each of whose $N$ spins is in\ncontact with two thermostats of distinct temperatures $T_1$ and $T_2$. Under\nGlauber dynamics the stationary state happens to coincide with the equilibrium\nstate at an effective intermediate temperature $T(T_1,T_2)$. The system\nnevertheless carries a nontrivial energy current between the thermostats. By\nmeans of the fermionization technique, for a chain initially in equilibrium at\nan arbitrary temperature $T_0$ we calculate the Fourier transform of the\nprobability $P({\\cal Q};\\tau)$ for the time-integrated energy current ${\\cal\nQ}$ during a finite time interval $\\tau$. In the long time limit we determine\nthe corresponding generating function for the cumulants per site and unit of\ntime $\\langle{\\cal Q}^n\\rangle_{\\rm c}/(N\\tau)$ and explicitly give those with\n$n=1,2,3,4.$ We exhibit various phenomena in specific regimes: kinetic\nmean-field effects when one thermostat flips any spin less often than the other\none, as well as dissipation towards a thermostat at zero temperature. Moreover,\nwhen the system size $N$ goes to infinity while the effective temperature $T$\nvanishes, the cumulants of ${\\cal Q}$ per unit of time grow linearly with $N$\nand are equal to those of a random walk process. In two adequate scaling\nregimes involving $T$ and $N$ we exhibit the dependence of the first correction\nupon the ratio of the spin-spin correlation length $\\xi(T)$ and the size $N$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical integration of KPZ equation with restrictions: In this paper, we introduce a novel integration method of Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n(KPZ) equation. It has always been known that if during the discrete\nintegration of the KPZ equation the nearest-neighbor height-difference exceeds\na critical value, an instability appears and the integration diverges. One way\nto avoid these instabilities is to replace the KPZ nonlinear-term by a function\nof the same term that depends on a single adjustable parameter which is able to\ncontrol pillars or grooves growing on the interface. Here, we propose a\ndifferent integration method which consists of directly limiting the value\ntaken by the KPZ nonlinearity, thereby imposing a restriction rule that is\napplied in each integration time-step, as if it were the growth rule of a\nrestricted discrete model, e.g. restricted-solid-on-solid (RSOS). Taking the\ndiscrete KPZ equation with restrictions to its dimensionless version, the\nintegration depends on three parameters: the coupling constant $g$, the inverse\nof the time-step $k$, and the restriction constant $\\varepsilon$ which is\nchosen to eliminate divergences while keeping all the properties of the\ncontinuous KPZ equation. We study in detail the conditions in the parameters'\nspace that avoids divergences in the 1-dimensional integration and reproduce\nthe scaling properties of the continuous KPZ with a particular parameter set.\nWe apply the tested methodology to the $d$-dimensional case ($d = 3,4$) with\nthe purpose of obtaining the growth exponent $\\beta$, by establishing the\nconditions of the coupling constant $g$ under which we recover known values\nreached by other authors, in particular for the RSOS model. This method allows\nus to infer that $d = 4$ is not the critical dimension of the KPZ universality\nclass, where the strong-coupling phase dissapears.",
        "positive": "Elasticity and metastability limit in supercooled liquids: a lattice\n  model: We present Monte Carlo simulations on a lattice system that displays a first\norder phase transition between a disordered phase (liquid) and an ordered phase\n(crystal). The model is augmented by an interaction that simulates the effect\nof elasticity in continuum models. The temperature range of stability of the\nliquid phase is strongly increased in the presence of the elastic interaction.\nWe discuss the consequences of this result for the existence of a kinetic\nspinodal in real systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Learning Thermodynamics with Boltzmann Machines: A Boltzmann machine is a stochastic neural network that has been extensively\nused in the layers of deep architectures for modern machine learning\napplications. In this paper, we develop a Boltzmann machine that is capable of\nmodelling thermodynamic observables for physical systems in thermal\nequilibrium. Through unsupervised learning, we train the Boltzmann machine on\ndata sets constructed with spin configurations importance-sampled from the\npartition function of an Ising Hamiltonian at different temperatures using\nMonte Carlo (MC) methods. The trained Boltzmann machine is then used to\ngenerate spin states, for which we compare thermodynamic observables to those\ncomputed by direct MC sampling. We demonstrate that the Boltzmann machine can\nfaithfully reproduce the observables of the physical system. Further, we\nobserve that the number of neurons required to obtain accurate results\nincreases as the system is brought close to criticality.",
        "positive": "Roughness of a Tilted Anharmonic String at Depinning: We consider the discretized model of a driven string with an anharmonic\nelastic energy, in a two dimensional random potential, as introduced by Rosso\nand Krauth. Using finite size scaling, we numerically compute the roughness of\nthe string in a uniform applied force at the critical depinning threshold. By\nconsidering a string with a net average tilt, we demonstrate that the\nanharmonic elastic energy crosses the model over to the quenched KPZ\nuniversality class, in agreement with recent theoretical predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local topological moves determine global diffusion properties of\n  hyperbolic higher-order networks: From social interactions to the human brain, higher-order networks are key to\ndescribe the underlying network geometry and topology of many complex systems.\nWhile it is well known that network structure strongly affects its function,\nthe role that network topology and geometry has on the emerging dynamical\nproperties of higher-order networks is yet to be clarified. In this\nperspective, the spectral dimension plays a key role since it determines the\neffective dimension for diffusion processes on a network. Despite its\nrelevance, a theoretical understanding of which mechanisms lead to a finite\nspectral dimension, and how this can be controlled, represents nowadays still a\nchallenge and is the object of intense research. Here we introduce two\nnon-equilibrium models of hyperbolic higher-order networks and we characterize\ntheir network topology and geometry by investigating the interwined appearance\nof small-world behavior, $\\delta$-hyperbolicity and community structure. We\nshow that different topological moves determining the non-equilibrium growth of\nthe higher-order hyperbolic network models induce tunable values of the\nspectral dimension, showing a rich phenomenology which is not displayed in\nrandom graph ensembles. In particular, we observe that, if the topological\nmoves used to construct the higher-order network increase the area$/$volume\nratio, the spectral dimension continuously decreases, while the opposite effect\nis observed if the topological moves decrease the area$/$volume ratio. Our work\nreveals a new link between the geometry of a network and its diffusion\nproperties, contributing to a better understanding of the complex interplay\nbetween network structure and dynamics.",
        "positive": "Multicomponent Modified Boltzmann Equation and Thermalization: The existence of stationary distributions in a multicomponent Boltzmann\nequation using a non-additive kinetic energy composition rule for binary\ncollisions is discussed. It is found that detailed balance is not achieved when\n-- in contrast to the case of a single rule -- several different composition\nrules are considered. The long-time behaviour of a simple momentum space model\nis explored numerically: saturating, heating and cooling solutions are\npresented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase behavior of the Confined Lebwohl-Lasher Model: The phase behavior of confined nematogens is studied using the Lebwohl-Lasher\nmodel. For three dimensional systems the model is known to exhibit a\ndiscontinuous nematic-isotropic phase transition, whereas the corresponding two\ndimensional systems apparently show a continuous\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless like transition. In this paper we study the\nphase transitions of the Lebwohl-Lasher model when confined between planar\nslits of different widths in order to establish the behavior of intermediate\nsituations between the pure planar model and the three-dimensional system, and\ncompare with previous estimates for the critical thickness, i.e. the slit width\nat which the transition switches from continuous to discontinuous.",
        "positive": "Densest local sphere-packing diversity: General concepts and application\n  to two dimensions: The densest local packings of N identical nonoverlapping spheres within a\nradius Rmin(N) of a fixed central sphere of the same size are obtained using a\nnonlinear programming method operating in conjunction with a stochastic search\nof configuration space. Knowledge of Rmin(N) in d-dimensional Euclidean space\nallows for the construction both of a realizability condition for pair\ncorrelation functions of sphere packings and an upper bound on the maximal\ndensity of infinite sphere packings. In this paper, we focus on the\ntwo-dimensional circular disk problem. We find and present the putative densest\npackings and corresponding Rmin(N) for selected values of N up to N = 348 and\nuse this knowledge to construct such a realizability condition and upper bound.\nWe additionally analyze the properties and characteristics of the maximally\ndense packings, finding significant variability in their symmetries and contact\nnetworks, and that the vast majority differ substantially from the triangular\nlattice even for large N. Our work has implications for packaging problems,\nnucleation theory, and surface physics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium statistical mechanics of network structures: In this article we give an in depth overview of the recent advances in the\nfield of equilibrium networks. After outlining this topic, we provide a novel\nway of defining equilibrium graph (network) ensembles. We illustrate this\nconcept on the classical random graph model and then survey a large variety of\nrecently studied network models. Next, we analyze the structural properties of\nthe graphs in these ensembles in terms of both local and global\ncharacteristics, such as degrees, degree-degree correlations, component sizes,\nand spectral properties. We conclude with topological phase transitions and\nshow examples for both continuous and discontinuous transitions.",
        "positive": "Microscopic calculations of Hugoniot curves of neat TATB and of its\n  detonation products: We compute the Hugoniot curves of both neat TATB and its detonation products\nmixture using atomistic simulation tools. To compute the Hugoniot states, we\nadapted our \"Sampling Constraints in Average\" (SCA) method (Maillet et al.,\nApplied Math. Research eXpress 2008, 2009) to Monte-Carlo simulations. For neat\nTATB, we show that the potential proposed by Rai (Rai et al., J. Chem. Phys.\n129, 2008) is not accurate enough to predict the Hugoniot curve and requires\nsome optimization of its parameters. Concerning detonation products,\nthermodynamic properties at chemical equilibrium are computed using a specific\nRxMC method (Bourasseau et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 2011) taking into\naccount the presence of carbon clusters in the fluid mixture. We show that this\nexplicit description of the solid phase immersed in the fluid phase modifies\nthe chemical equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microcanonical Monte Carlo approach for computing melting curves by\n  atomistic simulations: We report microcanonical Monte Carlo simulations of melting and superheating\nof a generic, Lennard-Jones system starting from the crystalline phase. The\nisochoric curve, the melting temperature $T_m$ and the critical superheating\ntemperature $T_{LS}$ obtained are in close agreement (well within the\nmicrocanonical temperature fluctuations) with standard molecular dynamics\none-phase and two-phase methods. These results validate the use of\nmicrocanonical Monte Carlo to compute melting points, a method which has the\nadvantage of only requiring the configurational degrees of freedom. Our\nfindings show that the strict preservation of the Hamiltonian dynamics does not\nconstitute a necessary condition to produce a realistic estimate of $T_{LS}$\nand the melting point, which brings new insight on the nature of the melting\ntransition. These results widen the use and applicability of the recently\ndeveloped Z method for the determination of the melting points of materials.",
        "positive": "Investigation of Dilute Magnetic Systems with Spin-1 Ising Model in the\n  Frame of Generalized Statistical Mechanics: In this study the magnetization phenomenon has been investigated as a\nbehavior of interacting elementary moments ensemble, with the help of Ising\nmodel [1] in the frame of non-extensive statistical mechanics. To investigate\nthe physical systems with three states and two order parameters, the spin-1\nsingle lattice Ising model or three states systems are used. In the manner of\nthis model thermodynamical properties of a great deal of physical phenomena\nsuch as ferromagnetism in bilateral alloys, liquid mixtures, liquid-crystal\nmixtures, freezing, magnetic orderliness, phase transformations, semi-stable\nand unstable states, ordered and disordered transitions [2,3,4,5]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective dynamics of a conditioned generalized linear Glauber model: In order to study the stochastic Markov processes conditioned on a specific\nvalue of a time-integrated observable, the concept of ensembles of trajectories\nhas been recently used extensively. In this paper, we consider a generic\nreaction-diffusion process consisting of classical particles with\nnearest-neighbor interactions on a one-dimensional lattice with periodic\nboundary conditions. By introducing a time-integrated current as a physical\nobservable, we have found certain constraints on the microscopic transition\nrates of the process under which the effective process contains local\ninteractions; however, with rescaled transition rates comparing to the original\nprocess. A generalization of the linear Glauber model is then introduced and\nstudied in detail as an example. Associated effective dynamics of this model is\ninvestigated and constants of motion are obtained.",
        "positive": "A molecular dynamics approach to dissipative relativistic hydrodynamics:\n  propagation of fluctuations: Relativistic generalization of hydrodynamic theory has attracted much\nattention from a theoretical point of view. However, it has many important\npractical applications in high energy as well as astrophysical contexts.\nDespite various attempts to formulate relativistic hydrodynamics, no definitive\nconsensus has been achieved. In this work, we propose to test the predictions\nof four types of \\emph{first-order} hydrodynamic theories for non-perfect\nfluids in the light of numerically exact molecular dynamics simulations of a\nfully relativistic particle system in the low density regime. In this regard,\nwe study the propagation of density, velocity and heat fluctuations in a wide\nrange of temperatures using extensive simulations and compare them to the\ncorresponding analytic expressions we obtain for each of the proposed theories.\nAs expected in the low temperature classical regime all theories give the same\nresults consistent with the numerics. In the high temperature extremely\nrelativistic regime, not all considered theories are distinguishable from one\nanother. However, in the intermediate regime, a meaningful distinction exists\nin the predictions of various theories considered here. We find that the\npredictions of the recent formulation due to Tsumura-Kunihiro-Ohnishi are more\nconsistent with our numerical results than the traditional theories due to\nMeixner, modified Eckart and modified Marle-Stewart."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Widom delta of supercritical gas-liquid coexistence: We report on the coexistence of liquid-like and gas-like structures in\nsupercritical fluid (SCF). The deltoid coexistence region encloses the Widom\nline, and may therefore be termed the \"Widom delta\". Machine learning analysis\nof simulation data shows continuous transition across the delta, from\nliquid-like to gas-like states, with fractions following a simplified two-state\nmodel. This suggests a microscopic view of the SCF as a mixture of liquid-like\nand gas-like structures, where the anomalous behavior near the critical point\noriginates from fluctuations between the two types.",
        "positive": "Collisions and expansion of an ultracold dilute Fermi gas: We discuss the effects of collisions on the expansion of a degenerate normal\nFermi gas, following the sudden removal of the confining trap. Using a\nBoltzmann equation approach, we calculate the time dependence of the aspect\nratio and the entropy increase of the expanding atomic cloud taking into\naccount the collisional effects due to the deformation of the distribution\nfunction in momentum space. We find that in dilute gases the aspect ratio does\nnot deviate significantly from the predictions of ballistic expansion.\nConversely, if the trap is sufficiently elongated the thermal broadening of the\ndensity distribution due to the entropy increase can be sizeable, revealing\nthat even at zero temperature collisions are effective in a Fermi gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Domain size effects in Barkhausen noise: The possible existence of self-organized criticality in Barkhausen noise is\ninvestigated theoretically through a single interface model, and experimentally\nfrom measurements in amorphous magnetostrictive ribbon Metglas 2605TCA under\nstress. Contrary to previous interpretations in the literature, both simulation\nand experiment indicate that the presence of a cutoff in the avalanche size\ndistribution may be attributed to finite size effects.",
        "positive": "Fracture Roughness and Correlation Length in the Central Force Model: We measure the roughness exponent and the correlation length exponent of a\nstress-weighted percolation process in the central force model in 2D. The\nroughness exponent is found to be zeta = 0.75 \\pm 0.03 and the correlation\nlength exponent is found to be nu = 1.7 \\pm 0.3. This result supports a\nconjecture that the fracture roughness for large scales is controlled by a\nstress weighted percolation process, and the fracture roughness can by\ncalculated from the correlation length exponent by zeta = 2*nu/(1+2*nu). We\nalso compare global and local measurements of the fracture roughness and do not\nfind sign of anomalous scaling in the central force model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From quantum master equation to random walk: It is shown in this paper that the quantum master equation can be mapped to a\nmodified continuous time random walk (CTRW) if the relaxation term is composed\nof transitions over a set of states. When the Hamiltonian is time-independent\nand transitions are between its eigenlevels, such a modified CTRW reduces to\nthe Markovian walk equivalent to the Pauli master equation. On the other hand,\nthe memory in such a modified CTRW is composed of a temporal factor and the\nprobability determined by the Liouville flow when the relaxation term is\nreduced as a special dephasing term.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo Methods for Rough Free Energy Landscapes: Population\n  Annealing and Parallel Tempering: Parallel tempering and population annealing are both effective methods for\nsimulating equilibrium systems with rough free energy landscapes. Parallel\ntempering, also known as replica exchange Monte Carlo, is a Markov chain Monte\nCarlo method while population annealing is a sequential Monte Carlo method.\nBoth methods overcome the exponential slowing associated with high free energy\nbarriers. The convergence properties and efficiency of the two methods are\ncompared. For large systems, population annealing initially converges to\nequilibrium more rapidly than parallel tempering for the same amount of\ncomputational work. However, parallel tempering converges exponentially and\npopulation annealing inversely in the computational work so that ultimately\nparallel tempering approaches equilibrium more rapidly than population\nannealing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Perspective: The Glass Transition: We provide here a brief perspective on the glass transition field. It is an\nassessment, written from the point of view of theory, of where the field is and\nwhere it seems to be heading. We first give an overview of the main\nphenomenological characteristics, or \"stylised facts\", of the glass transition\nproblem, i.e. the central observations that a theory of the physics of glass\nformation should aim to explain in a unified manner. We describe recent\ndevelopments, with a particular focus on real space properties, including\ndynamical heterogeneity and facilitation, the search for underlying spatial or\nstructural correlations, and the relation between the thermal glass transition\nand athermal jamming. We then discuss briefly how competing theories of the\nglass transition have adapted and evolved to account for such real space\nissues. We consider in detail two conceptual and methodological approaches put\nforward recently, that aim to access the fundamental critical phenomenon\nunderlying the glass transition, be it thermodynamic or dynamic in origin, by\nmeans of biasing of ensembles, of configurations in the thermodynamic case, or\nof trajectories in the dynamic case. We end with a short outlook.",
        "positive": "Generalized second fluctuation-dissipation theorem in the nonequilibrium\n  steady state: Theory and applications: In this paper, we derive a generalized second fluctuation-dissipation theorem\n(FDT) for stochastic dynamical systems in the steady state. The established\ntheory is built upon the Mori-type generalized Langevin equation for stochastic\ndynamical systems and only uses the properties of the Kolmogorov operator. The\nnew second FDT expresses the memory kernel of the generalized Langevin equation\nas the correlation function of the fluctuation force plus an additional term.\nIn particular, we show that for nonequilibrium states such as heat transport\nbetween two thermostats with different temperatures, the classical second FDT\nis valid even when the exact form of the steady state distribution is unknown.\nThe obtained theoretical results enable us to construct a data-driven nanoscale\nfluctuating heat conduction model based on the second FDT. We numerically\nverify that the new model of heat transfer yields better predictions than the\nGreen-Kubo formula for systems far from the equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-mean-field theories of short range order and diffuse scattering\n  anomalies in disordered alloys: Local, or short-range, order in disordered alloys is an important and\nexciting phenomenon which is quantified in electron, X-ray and neutron\nscattering experiments. It is discussed in many excellent reviews and books, as\nwell as in the multitude of original research papers.\n  This relatively short review of the subject does not attempt to discuss all\naspects of the problem of local correlations in alloys. In particular, we will\nnot touch such issues as multiatom (cluster) interactions, static displacements\nand vibrations of alloy atoms, partially ordered, multicomponent or amorphous\nalloys. As a result, we will concentrate on the Hamiltonian traditional for the\nconsidered problem, that of the Ising model on a rigid ideal lattice with pair,\nbut otherwise arbitrary (i.e., of any range) interatomic interactions.\n  The central object of the paper is the pair correlation function of the\ncorresponding dynamical variables of the model, the occupation numbers or spin\nvariables, the Fourier transform of which is proportional to the intensity of\ndiffuse scattering caused by atomic short-range order. The main aim is to show\nthat the expression for this quantity has certain internal structure analogous,\ne.g., to that of the averaged Green's function used in the electronic theory of\ndisordered alloys. This structure is independent of the approximation used for\nthe quantitative description of correlations. As will be seen, this structure\nalone, without further specification of a particular theory of short-range\norder, allows us to see new possibilities in diffuse scattering, some of which\nhave recently been observed experimentally.",
        "positive": "Abelian Sandpiles on Cylinders: We study here a variant of the Abelian Sandpile Model, where the playground\nis a cylinder of width $w$ and of circumference c. When c << w, we describe a\nphenomenon which has not been observed in other geometries: the probability\ndistribution of avalanche sizes has a ladder structure, with the first step\nconsisting of avalanches of size up to w c/2 that are essentially equiprobable,\nexcept for a small exponential tail of order about 10c. We explain this\nphenomenon and describe subsequent steps."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics and dynamics of systems with long-range interactions: Thermodynamic and dynamical properties of systems with long-range pairwise\ninteractions (LRI), which decay as $1/r^{d+\\sigma}$ at large distances $r$ in\n$d$ dimensions, are reviewed. Two broad classes of such systems are discussed.\n(i) Systems with a slow decay of the interactions, termed \"strong\" LRI, where\nthe energy is super-extensive. These systems are characterized by unusual\nproperties such as inequivalence of ensembles, negative specific heat, slow\ndecay of correlations, anomalous diffusion and ergodicity breaking. (ii)\nSystems with faster decay of the interaction potential, where the energy is\nadditive, thus resulting in less dramatic effects. These interactions affect\nthe thermodynamic behavior of systems near phase transitions, where long-range\ncorrelations are naturally present. Long-range correlations are often present\nin systems driven out of equilibrium when the dynamics involves conserved\nquantities. Steady state properties of driven systems with local dynamics are\nconsidered within the framework outlined above.",
        "positive": "Random spread on the family of small-world networks: We present the analytical and numerical results of a random walk on the\nfamily of small-world graphs. The average access time shows a crossover from\nthe regular to random behavior with increasing distance from the starting point\nof the random walk. We introduce an {\\em independent step approximation}, which\nenables us to obtain analytic results for the average access time. We observe a\nscaling relation for the average access time in the degree of the nodes. The\nbehavior of average access time as a function of $p$, shows striking similarity\nwith that of the {\\em characteristic length} of the graph. This observation may\nhave important applications in routing and switching in networks with large\nnumber of nodes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Roughening Induced Deconstruction in (100) Facets of CsCl Type Crystals: The staggered 6-vertex model describes the competition between surface\nroughening and reconstruction in (100) facets of CsCl type crystals. Its phase\ndiagram does not have the expected generic structure, due to the presence of a\nfully-packed loop-gas line. We prove that the reconstruction and roughening\ntransitions cannot cross nor merge with this loop-gas line if these degrees of\nfreedom interact weakly. However, our numerical finite size scaling analysis\nshows that the two critical lines merge along the loop-gas line, with strong\ncoupling scaling properties. The central charge is much larger than 1.5 and\nroughening takes place at a surface roughness much larger than the conventional\nuniversal value. It seems that additional fluctuations become critical\nsimultaneously.",
        "positive": "Heat Fluctuations in Chemically Active Systems: Chemically active systems such as living cells are maintained out of thermal\nequilibrium due to chemical events which generate heat and lead to active\nfluctuations. A key question is to understand on which time and length scales\nactive fluctuations dominate thermal fluctuations. Here, we formulate a\nstochastic field theory with Poisson white noise to describe the heat\nfluctuations which are generated by stochastic chemical events and lead to\nactive temperature fluctuations. We find that on large length and time scales,\nactive fluctuations always dominate thermal fluctuations. However, at\nintermediate length and time scales, multiple crossovers exist which highlight\nthe different characteristics of active and thermal fluctuations. Our work\nprovides a framework to characterize fluctuations in active systems and reveals\nthat local equilibrium holds at certain length and time scales."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interface fluctuations, bulk fluctuations and dimensionality in the\n  off-equilibrium response of coarsening systems: The relationship between statics and dynamics proposed by Franz, Mezard,\nParisi and Peliti (FMPP) for slowly relaxing systems [Phys.Rev.Lett. {\\bf 81},\n1758 (1998)] is investigated in the framework of non disordered coarsening\nsystems. Separating the bulk from interface response we find that for statics\nto be retrievable from dynamics the interface contribution must be\nasymptotically negligible. How fast this happens depends on dimensionality.\nThere exists a critical dimensionality above which the interface response\nvanishes like the interface density and below which it vanishes more slowly. At\n$d=1$ the interface response does not vanish leading to the violation of the\nFMPP scheme. This behavior is explained in terms of the competition between\ncurvature driven and field driven interface motion.",
        "positive": "Bose-Einstein condensation in a circular waveguide: We have produced Bose-Einstein condensates in a ring-shaped magnetic\nwaveguide. The few-millimeter diameter non-zero bias ring is formed from a\ntime-averaged quadrupole ring. Condensates which propagate around the ring make\nseveral revolutions within the time it takes for them to expand to fill the\nring. The ring shape is ideally suited for studies of vorticity in a\nmultiply-connected geometry and is promising as a rotation sensor."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Ground-State Bose-Einstein Condensates of Trapped Atoms: The possibility of creating a Bose condensate of trapped atoms in a\nnon-ground state is suggested. Such a nonequilibrium Bose condensate can be\nformed if one, first, obtains the conventional Bose condensate in the ground\nstate and then transfers the condensed atoms to a non-ground state by means of\na resonance pumping. The properties of ground and non-ground states are\ncompared and plausible applications of such nonequilibrium condensates are\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Finite-size corrections vs. relaxation after a sudden quench: We consider the time evolution after sudden quenches of global parameters in\ntranslational invariant Hamiltonians and study the time average expectation\nvalues and entanglement entropies in finite chains. We show that in\nnoninteracting models the time average of spin correlation functions is\nasymptotically equal to the infinite time limit in the infinite chain, which is\nknown to be described by a generalized Gibbs ensemble. The equivalence breaks\ndown considering nonlocal operators, and we establish that this can be traced\nback to the existence of conservation laws common to the Hamiltonian before and\nafter the quench. We develop a method to compute the leading finite-size\ncorrection for time average correlation functions and entanglement entropies.\nWe find that large corrections are generally associated to observables with\nslow relaxation dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Limit order market analysis and modelling: on an universal cause for\n  over-diffusive prices: We briefly review data analysis of the Island order book, part of NASDAQ,\nwhich suggests a framework to which all limit order markets should comply.\nUsing a simple exclusion particle model, we argue that short-time price\nover-diffusion in limit order markets is due to the non-equilibrium of order\nplacement, cancellation and execution rates, which is an inherent feature of\nreal limit order markets.",
        "positive": "Casimir force between two ideal-conductor walls revisited: The high-temperature aspects of the Casimir force between two neutral\nconducting walls are studied. The mathematical model of \"inert\" ideal-conductor\nwalls, considered in the original formulations of the Casimir effect, is based\non the universal properties of the electromagnetic radiation in the vacuum\nbetween the conductors, with zero boundary conditions for the tangential\ncomponents of the electric field on the walls. This formulation seems to be in\nagreement with experiments on metallic conductors at room temperature. At high\ntemperatures or large distances, at least, fluctuations of the electric field\nare present in the bulk and at the surface of a particle system forming the\nwalls, even in the high-density limit: \"living\" ideal conductors. This makes\nthe enforcement of the inert boundary conditions inadequate. Within a hierarchy\nof length scales, the high-temperature Casimir force is shown to be entirely\ndetermined by the thermal fluctuations in the conducting walls, modelled\nmicroscopically by classical Coulomb fluids in the Debye-H\\\"{u}ckel regime. The\nsemi-classical regime, in the framework of quantum electrodynamics, is studied\nin the companion letter by P.R.Buenzli and Ph.A.Martin, cond-mat/0506363,\nEurophys.Lett.72, 42 (2005)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local Temperature and Universal Heat Conduction in FPU chains: It is shown numerically that for Fermi Pasta Ulam (FPU) chains with\nalternating masses and heat baths at slightly different temperatures at the\nends, the local temperature (LT) on small scales behaves paradoxically in\nsteady state. This expands the long established problem of equilibration of FPU\nchains. A well-behaved LT appears to be achieved for equal mass chains; the\nthermal conductivity is shown to diverge with chain length N as N^(1/3),\nrelevant for the much debated question of the universality of one dimensional\nheat conduction. The reason why earlier simulations have obtained\nsystematically higher exponents is explained.",
        "positive": "Geometrical Brownian Motion Driven by Color Noise: The evolution of prices on ideal market is given by geometrical Brownian\nmotion, where Gaussian white noise describes fluctuations. We study the effect\nof correlations introduced by a color noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On a square-ice analogue of plane partitions: We study a one-parameter family ($\\ell=1,2,3,\\ldots$) of configurations that\nare square-ice analogues of plane partitions. Using an algorithm due to Bratley\nand McKay, we carry out exact enumerations in order to study their asymptotic\nbehaviour and establish, via Monte Carlo simulations as well as explicit\nbounds, that the asymptotic behaviour is similar to that of plane partitions.\nWe finally carry out a series analysis and provide independent estimates for\nthe asymptotic behaviour.",
        "positive": "Response and flux of information in extended non-equilibrium dynamics: It is well known that entropy production is a proxy to the detection of\nnon-equilibrium, i.e. of the absence of detailed balance; however, due to the\nglobal character of this quantity, its knowledge does not allow to identify\nspatial currents or fluxes of information among specific elements of the system\nunder study. In this respect, much more insight can be gained by studying\ntransfer entropy and response, which allow quantifying the relative influence\nof parts of the system and the asymmetry of the fluxes. In order to understand\nthe relation between the above-mentioned quantities, we investigate spatially\nasymmetric extended systems. First, we consider a simplified linear stochastic\nmodel, which can be studied analytically; then, we include nonlinear terms in\nthe dynamics. Extensive numerical investigation shows the relation between\nentropy production and the above-introduced degrees of asymmetry. Finally, we\napply our approach to the highly nontrivial dynamics generated by the Lorenz\n'96 model for Earth oceanic circulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite temperature correlation function for one-dimensional Quantum\n  Ising model: the virial expansion: We rewrite the exact expression for the finite temperature two-point\ncorrelation function for the magnetization as a partition function of some\nfield theory. This removes singularities and provides a convenient form to\ndevelop a virial expansion (the expansion in powers of soliton density).",
        "positive": "Scaling relations in the diffusive infiltration in fractals: In a recent work on fluid infiltration in a Hele-Shaw cell with the\npore-block geometry of Sierpinski carpets (SCs), the area filled by the\ninvading fluid was shown to scale as F~t^n, with n<1/2, thus providing a\nmacroscopic realization of anomalous diffusion [Filipovitch et al, Water\nResour. Res. 52 5167 (2016)]. The results agree with simulations of a diffusion\nequation with constant pressure at one of the borders of those fractals, but\nthe exponent n is very different from the anomalous exponent nu=1/D_W of single\nparticle diffusion in the same fractals (D_W is the random walk dimension).\nHere we use a scaling approach to show that those exponents are related as\nn=nu(D_F-D_B), where D_F and D_B are the fractal dimensions of the bulk and of\nthe border from which diffusing particles come, respectively. This relation is\nsupported by accurate numerical estimates in two SCs and in two generalized\nMenger sponges (MSs), in which we performed simulations of single particle\nrandom walks (RWs) with a rigid impermeable border and of a diffusive\ninfiltration model in which that border is permanently filled with diffusing\nparticles. This study includes one MS whose external border is also fractal.\nThe exponent relation is also consistent with the recent simulational and\nexperimental results on fluid infiltration in SCs, and explains the approximate\nquadratic dependence of n on D_F in these fractals. We also show that the\nmean-square displacement of single particle RWs has log-periodic oscillations,\nwhose periods are similar for fractals with the same scaling factor in the\ngenerator (even with different embedding dimensions), which is consistent with\nthe discrete scale invariance scenario. The roughness of a diffusion front\ndefined in the infiltration problem also shows this type of oscillation, which\nis enhanced in fractals with narrow channels between large lacunas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generic evaluation of the relaxation time to equilibrium: We evaluate the relaxation time to equilibrium, and especially show that it\nis almost independent from the system size for macroscopic isolated quantum\nsystems. It at most polynomially depends on the system size. This estimation\nholds when the Hamiltonian is non-integrable, the initial deviation of the\nquantity of interest is of order its spectral norm, and the relaxation process\nis monotonic.",
        "positive": "Minimum energetic cost to maintain a target nonequilibrium state: In the absence of external driving, a system exposed to thermal fluctuations\nwill relax to equilibrium. However, the constant input of work makes it\npossible to counteract this relaxation, and maintain the system in a\nnonequilibrium steady state. In this Article, we use the stochastic\nthermodynamics of Markov jump processes to compute the minimum rate at which\nenergy must be supplied and dissipated to maintain an arbitrary nonequilibrium\ndistribution in a given energy landscape. This lower bound depends on two\nfactors: the undriven probability current in the equilibrium state, and the\ndistance from thermal equilibrium of the target distribution. By showing the\nconsequences of this result in a few simple examples, we suggest general\nimplications for the required energetic costs of macromolecular repair and\ncytosolic protein localization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal exploration dynamics of random walks: The territory explored by a random walk is a key property that may be\nquantified by the number of distinct sites that the random walk visits up to a\ngiven time. The extent of this spatial exploration characterizes many important\nphysical, chemical, and ecological phenomena. In spite of its fundamental\ninterest and wide utility, the number of visited sites gives only an incomplete\npicture of this exploration. In this work, we introduce a more fundamental\nquantity, the elapsed time $\\tau_n$ between visits to the $n^{\\rm th}$ and the\n$(n+1)^{\\rm st}$ distinct sites, from which the full dynamics about the\nvisitation statistics can be obtained. To determine the distribution of these\ninter-visit times $\\tau_n$, we develop a theoretical approach that relies on a\nmapping with a trapping problem, in which, in contrast to previously studied\nsituations, the spatial distribution of traps is continuously updated by the\nrandom walk itself. Despite the geometrical complexity of the territory\nexplored by a random walk (typically aspherical, as well as containing holes\nand islands at all scales), we find that the distribution of the $\\tau_n$ can\nbe accounted for by simple analytical expressions. Processes as varied as\nregular diffusion, anomalous diffusion, and diffusion in disordered media and\nfractals, fall into the same universality classes for the temporal history of\ndistinct sites visited. We confirm our theoretical predictions by Monte Carlo\nand exact enumeration methods. We also determine additional basic exploration\nobservables, such as the perimeter of the visited domain or the number of\nislands of unvisited sites enclosed within this domain, thereby illustrating\nthe generality of our approach. Because of their fundamental character and\ntheir universality, these inter-visit times represent a promising tool to\nunravel many more aspects of the exploration dynamics of random walks.",
        "positive": "The fourth law of thermodynamics: steepest entropy ascent: When thermodynamics is understood as the science (or art) of constructing\neffective models of natural phenomena by choosing a minimal level of\ndescription capable of capturing the essential features of the physical reality\nof interest, the scientific community has identified a set of general rules\nthat the model must incorporate if it aspires to be consistent with the body of\nknown experimental evidence. Some of these rules are believed to be so general\nthat we think of them as laws of Nature, such as the great conservation\nprinciples, whose \"greatness\" derives from their generality, as masterfully\nexplained by Feynman in one of his legendary lectures. The second law of\nthermodynamics is universally contemplated among the great laws of Nature. In\nthis paper we show that, in the past four decades, an enormous body of\nscientific research devoted to modeling the essential features of\nnonequilibrium natural phenomena has converged from many different directions\nand frameworks towards the general recognition (albeit still expressed in\ndifferent but equivalent forms and language) that another rule is also\nindispensable and reveals another great law of Nature that we propose to call\nthe \\caporali{fourth law of thermodynamics}. We state it as follows: every\nnonequilibrium state of a system or local subsystem for which entropy is\nwell-defined must be equipped with a metric in state space with respect to\nwhich the irreversible component of its time evolution is in the direction of\nsteepest entropy ascent compatible with the conservation constraints. To\nillustrate the power of the fourth law, we derive (nonlinear) extensions of\nOnsager reciprocity and fluctuation-dissipation relations to the\nfar-nonequilibrium realm within the framework of the rate-controlled\nconstrained-equilibrium (RCCE) approximation (also known as the\nquasi-equilibrium approximation)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inference in non-equilibrium systems from incomplete information: the\n  case of linear systems and its pitfalls: Data from experiments and theoretical arguments are the two pillars\nsustaining the job of modelling physical systems through inference. In order to\nsolve the inference problem, the data should satisfy certain conditions that\ndepend also upon the particular questions addressed in a research. Here we\nfocus on the characterization of systems in terms of a distance from\nequilibrium, typically the entropy production (time-reversal asymmetry) or the\nviolation of the Kubo fluctuation-dissipation relation. We show how general,\ncounter-intuitive and negative for inference, is the problem of the\nimpossibility to estimate the distance from equilibrium using a series of\nscalar data which have a Gaussian statistics. This impossibility occurs also\nwhen the data are correlated in time, and that is the most interesting case\nbecause it usually stems from a multi-dimensional linear Markovian system where\nthere are many time-scales associated to different variables and, possibly,\nthermal baths. Observing a single variable (or a linear combination of\nvariables) results in a one-dimensional process which is always\nindistinguishable from an equilibrium one (unless a perturbation-response\nexperiment is available). In a setting where only data analysis (and not new\nexperiments) is allowed, we propose - as a way out - the combined use of\ndifferent series of data acquired with different parameters. This strategy\nworks when there is a sufficient knowledge of the connection between\nexperimental parameters and model parameters. We also briefly discuss how such\nresults emerge, similarly, in the context of Markov chains within certain\ncoarse-graining schemes. Our conclusion is that the distance from equilibrium\nis related to quite a fine knowledge of the full phase space, and therefore\ntypically hard to approximate in real experiments.",
        "positive": "Reversible Cellular Automata as Integrable Interactions Round-a-Face:\n  Deterministic, Stochastic, and Quantized: A family of reversible deterministic cellular automata, including the rules\n54 and 201 of [Bobenko et al., Commun. Math. Phys. 158, 127 (1993)] as well as\ntheir kinetically constrained quantum (unitary) or stochastic deformations, is\nshown to correspond to integrable Floquet circuit models with local\ninteractions round-a-face. Using inhomogeneous solutions of the star-triangle\nrelation with a one or two dimensional spectral parameter, changing their\nfunctional form depending on the orientation, we provide an explicit\nconstruction of the transfer matrix and establish its conservation law and\ninvolutivity properties. Integrability is independently demonstrated by\nnumerically exploring the spectral statistics via the Berry-Tabor conjecture.\nCuriously, we find that the deformed rule 54 model generically possesses no\nother local conserved quantities besides the net soliton current."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of interacting two-polymer system in a fractal\n  solvent: an exact renormalization group approach: We study the polymer system consisting of two polymer chains situated in a\nfractal container that belongs to the three--dimensional Sierpinski Gasket (3D\nSG) family of fractals. Each 3D SG fractal has four fractal impenetrable 2D\nsurfaces, which are, in fact, 2D SG fractals. The two-polymer system is\nmodelled by two interacting self-avoiding walks (SAWs), one of them\nrepresenting a 3D floating polymer, while the other corresponds to a chain\nadhered to one of the four 2D SG boundaries. We assume that the studied system\nis immersed in a poor solvent inducing the intra-chain interactions. For the\ninter-chain interactions we propose two models: in the first model (ASAWs) the\nSAW chains are mutually avoiding, whereas in the second model (CSAWs) chains\ncan cross each other. By applying an exact Renormalization Group (RG) method,\nwe establish the relevant phase diagrams for $b=2,3$ and $b=4$ members of the\n3D SG fractal family for the model with avoiding SAWs, and for $b=2$ and $b=3$\nfractals for the model with crossing SAWs. Also, at the appropriate transition\nfixed points we calculate the contact critical exponents, associated with the\nnumber of contacts between monomers of different chains. Throughout the paper\nwe compare results obtained for the two models and discuss the impact of the\ntopology of the underlying lattices on emerging phase diagrams.",
        "positive": "Anomalous fluctuation relations: We complement and extend our work on fluctuation relations arising in\nnonequilibrium systems in steady states driven by L\\'evy noise [Phys. Rev. E\n76, 020101(R) (2006)]. As a concrete example, we consider a particle subjected\nto a drag force and a L\\'evy white noise with tail index $\\mu\\in (0,2]$, and\ncalculate the probability distribution of the work done on the particle by the\ndrag force, as well as the probability distribution of the work dissipated by\nthe dragged particle in a nonequilibrium steady state. For $0<\\mu<2$, both\ndistributions satisfy what we call an anomalous fluctuation relation,\ncharacterized by positive and negative fluctuations that asymptotically have\nthe same probability. For $\\mu=2$, by contrast, the work and dissipated work\ndistributions satisfy the known conventional and extended fluctuation\nrelations, respectively, which are both characterized by positive fluctuations\nthat are exponentially more probable than negative fluctuations. The difference\nbetween these different fluctuation relations is discussed in the context of\nlarge deviation theory. Experiments that could probe or reveal anomalous\nfluctuation relations are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transition of the four-dimensional cross-polytope model: Thermodynamic properties of the four-dimensional cross-polytope model, the\n16-cell model, which is an example of higher dimensional generalizations of the\noctahedron model, are studied on the square lattice. By means of the corner\ntransfer matrix renormalization group (CTMRG) method, presence of the\nfirst-order phase transition is confirmed. The latent heat is estimated to be\n$L_4^{~} = 0.3172$, which is larger than that of the octahedron model $L_3^{~}\n= 0.0516$. The result suggests that the latent heat increases with the internal\ndimension $n$ when the higher-dimensional series of the cross-polytope models\nis considered.",
        "positive": "Number of distinct sites visited by a resetting random walker: We investigate the number $V_p(n)$ of distinct sites visited by an $n$-step\nresetting random walker on a $d$-dimensional hypercubic lattice with resetting\nprobability $p$. In the case $p=0$, we recover the well-known result that the\naverage number of distinct sites grows for large $n$ as $\\langle\nV_0(n)\\rangle\\sim n^{d/2}$ for $d<2$ and as $\\langle V_0(n)\\rangle\\sim n$ for\n$d>2$. For $p>0$, we show that $\\langle V_p(n)\\rangle$ grows extremely slowly\nas $\\sim \\left[\\log(n)\\right]^d$. We observe that the recurrence-transience\ntransition at $d=2$ for standard random walks (without resetting) disappears in\nthe presence of resetting. In the limit $p\\to 0$, we compute the exact\ncrossover scaling function between the two regimes. In the one-dimensional\ncase, we derive analytically the full distribution of $V_p(n)$ in the limit of\nlarge $n$. Moreover, for a one-dimensional random walker, we introduce a new\nobservable, which we call imbalance, that measures how much the visited region\nis symmetric around the starting position. We analytically compute the full\ndistribution of the imbalance both for $p=0$ and for $p>0$. Our theoretical\nresults are verified by extensive numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strain Fields and Critical Phenomena in Manganites II:\n  Spin-Lattice-Energy Hamiltonians: The dynamic critical behavior at the paramagnetic-antiferromagnetic (PM-AFM)\ntransition in manganites has recently been studied experimentally [Niermann et\nal., Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 114}, 037204 (2015)]. We extend the Hamiltonian of\nPaper I by incorporating an energy field, and study the corresponding Model C\nof critical dynamics. We use the dynamic renormalization group (RG) approach\nand calculate the dynamic critical exponents $z$, $\\nu z$ and the line-width\nexponent $\\Delta$ to leading order in the small expansion parameters\n$\\epsilon=4-d+2\\sigma$ and $\\epsilon'=4-d$. Here, $d$ is the space dimension\nand $\\sigma$ is the long-range exponent. Using $\\sigma$ as an adjustable\nparameter, the theory gives us a good match to the experimentally available\nstatic and dynamic critical exponents at the PM-AFM transition.",
        "positive": "First order wetting of rough substrates and quantum unbinding: Replica and functional renormalization group methods show that, with short\nrange substrate forces or in strong fluctuation regimes, wetting of a\nself-affine rough wall in 2D turns first-order as soon as the wall roughness\nexponent exceeds the anisotropy index of bulk interface fluctuations. Different\nthresholds apply with long range forces in mean field regimes. For\nbond-disordered bulk, fixed point stability suggests similar results, which\nultimately rely on basic properties of quantum bound states with asymptotically\npower-law repulsive potentials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cont-Bouchaud percolation model including Tobin tax: The Tobin tax is an often discussed method to tame speculation and get a\nsource of income. The discussion is especially heated when the financial\nmarkets are in crisis. In this article we refer to foreign exchange markets.\nThe Tobin tax should be a small international tax affecting all currency\ntransactions and thus consequently reducing the destabilizing speculations. In\nthis way this tax should take over a control function. By including Tobin tax\nin the microscopic model of Cont and Bouchaud one finds that Tobin tax could be\nthe right method to control foreign exchange operations and get a good source\nof income",
        "positive": "Density Functional Theory of Inhomogeneous Liquids: II. A Fundamental\n  Measure Approach: Previously, it has been shown that the direct correlation function for a\nLennard-Jones fluid could be modeled by a sum of that for hard-spheres, a\nmean-field tail and a simple linear correction in the core region constructed\nso as to reproduce the (known) bulk equation of state of the fluid(Lutsko, JCP\n127, 054701 (2007)). Here, this model is combined with ideas from Fundamental\nMeasure Theory to construct a density functional theory for the free energy.\nThe theory is shown to accurately describe a range of inhomogeneous conditions\nincluding the liquid-vapor interface, the fluid in contact with a hard wall and\na fluid confined in a slit pore. The theory gives quantitatively accurate\npredictions for the surface tension, including its dependence on the potential\ncutoff. It also obeys two important exact conditions: that relating the direct\ncorrelation function to the functional derivative of the free energy with\nrespect to density, and the wall theorem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The transition to irreversibility in sheared suspensions: An analysis\n  based on a mesoscopic entropy production: We study the shear-induced diffusion effect and the transition to\nirreversibility in suspensions under oscillatory shear flow by performing an\nanalysis of the entropy production associated to the motion of the particles.\nWe show that the Onsager coupling between different contributions to the\nentropy production is responsible for the scaling of the mean square\ndisplacement on particle diameter and applied strain. We also show that the\nshear-induced effective diffusion coefficient depends on the volume fraction\nand use Lattice-Boltzmann simulations to characterize the effect through the\npower spectrum of particle positions for different Reynolds numbers and volume\nfractions. Our study gives a thermodynamic explanation of the the transition to\nirreversibility through a pertinent analysis of the second law of\nthermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Theory of Bubble Nucleation and Cooperativity in DNA Melting: The onset of intermediate states (denaturation bubbles) and their role during\nthe melting transition of DNA are studied using the Peyrard-Bishop-Daxuois\nmodel by Monte Carlo simulations with no adjustable parameters. Comparison is\nmade with previously published experimental results finding excellent\nagreement. Melting curves, critical DNA segment length for stability of bubbles\nand the possibility of a two states transition are studied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Matrix Elements of the Field Operator in the Thermodynamic Limit\n  of the Lieb-Liniger Model: We study a matrix element of the field operator in the Lieb-Liniger model\nusing the Bethe ansatz technique coupled with a functional approach to compute\nSlavnov determinants. We obtain the matrix element exactly in the thermodynamic\nlimit for any coupling constant $c$, and compare our results to known\nsemiclassics at the limit $c\\to0.$",
        "positive": "Symmetry based determination of space-time functions in nonequilibrium\n  growth processes: We study the space-time correlation and response functions in nonequilibrium\ngrowth processes described by linear stochastic Langevin equations. Exploiting\nexclusively the existence of space and time dependent symmetries of the\nnoiseless part of these equations, we derive expressions for the universal\nscaling functions of two-time quantities which are found to agree with the\nexact expressions obtained from the stochastic equations of motion. The\nusefulness of the space-time functions is illustrated through the investigation\nof two atomistic growth models, the Family model and the restricted Family\nmodel, which are shown to belong to a unique universality class in 1+1 and in\n2+1 space dimensions. This corrects earlier studies which claimed that in 2+1\ndimensions the two models belong to different universality classes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical phases and intermittency of the dissipative quantum Ising\n  model: We employ the concept of a dynamical, activity order parameter to study the\nIsing model in a transverse magnetic field coupled to a Markovian bath. For a\ncertain range of values of the spin-spin coupling, magnetic field and\ndissipation rate, we identify a first order dynamical phase transition between\nactive and inactive {\\em dynamical phases}. We demonstrate that dynamical\nphase-coexistence becomes manifest in an intermittent behavior of the bath\nquanta emission. Moreover, we establish the connection between the dynamical\norder parameter that quantifies the activity, and the longitudinal\nmagnetization that serves as static order parameter. The system we consider can\nbe implemented in current experiments with Rydberg atoms and trapped ions.",
        "positive": "Scaling exponents for a monkey on a tree - fractal dimensions of\n  randomly branched polymers: We study asymptotic properties of diffusion and other transport processes\n(including self-avoiding walks and electrical conduction) on large randomly\nbranched polymers using renormalized dynamical field theory. We focus on the\nswollen phase and the collapse transition, where loops in the polymers are\nirrelevant. Here the asymptotic statistics of the polymers is that of lattice\ntrees, and diffusion on them is reminiscent of the climbing of a monkey on a\ntree. We calculate a set of universal scaling exponents including the diffusion\nexponent and the fractal dimension of the minimal path to 2-loop order and,\nwhere available, compare them to numerical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tailoring diffusion in analogue spacetimes: Diffusive transport is characterized by the scaling law\n$(length)^{2}\\propto(time)$. In this letter we show that this relationship is\nsignificantly altered in curved analogue spacetimes. This circumstance provides\nan opportunity to tailor diffusion: by a suitable design of the analogue\nmetric, it is possible to create materials where diffusion is either faster or\nslower than in normal media, as desired. This prediction can in principle be\ntested experimentally with optical analogues, curved graphene sheets, etc. -\nindeed with any analogue spacetime.",
        "positive": "Loop condensation in the triangular lattice quantum dimer model: We study the mechanism of loop condensation in the quantum dimer model on the\ntriangular lattice. The triangular lattice quantum dimer model displays a\ntopologically ordered quantum liquid phase in addition to conventionally\nordered phases with broken symmetry. In the context of systems with extended\nloop-like degrees of freedom, the formation of such topological order can be\ndescribed in terms of loop condensation. Using Monte Carlo calculations with\nlocal and directed-loop updates, we compute geometric properties of the\ntransition graph loop distributions of several triangular lattice quantum dimer\nwavefunctions that display dimer-liquid to dimer-crystal transitions and\ncharacterize these in terms of loop condensation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Prescription-induced jump distributions in multiplicative Poisson\n  processes: Generalized Langevin equations (GLE) with multiplicative white Poisson noise\npose the usual prescription dilemma leading to different evolution equations\n(master equations) for the probability distribution. Contrary to the case of\nmultiplicative gaussian white noise, the Stratonovich prescription does not\ncorrespond to the well known mid-point (or any other intermediate)\nprescription. By introducing an inertial term in the GLE we show that the Ito\nand Stratonovich prescriptions naturally arise depending on two time scales,\nthe one induced by the inertial term and the other determined by the jump\nevent. We also show that when the multiplicative noise is linear in the random\nvariable one prescription can be made equivalent to the other by a suitable\ntransformation in the jump probability distribution. We apply these results to\na recently proposed stochastic model describing the dynamics of primary soil\nsalinization, in which the salt mass balance within the soil root zone requires\nthe analysis of different prescriptions arising from the resulting stochastic\ndifferential equation forced by multiplicative white Poisson noise whose\nfeatures are tailored to the characters of the daily precipitation. A method is\nfinally suggested to infer the most appropriate prescription from the data.",
        "positive": "Spectral renormalization group theory on networks: Discrete amorphous materials are best described in terms of arbitrary\nnetworks which can be embedded in three dimensional space. Investigating the\nthermodynamic equilibrium as well as non-equilibrium behavior of such materials\naround second order phase transitions call for special techniques.\n  We set up a renormalization group scheme by expanding an arbitrary scalar\nfield living on the nodes of an arbitrary network, in terms of the eigenvectors\nof the normalized graph Laplacian. The renormalization transformation involves,\nas usual, the integration over the more \"rapidly varying\" components of the\nfield, corresponding to eigenvectors with larger eigenvalues, and then\nrescaling. The critical exponents depend on the particular graph through the\nspectral density of the eigenvalues."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Abelian Higgs gauge theories with multicomponent scalar fields and\n  multiparameter scalar potentials: We consider multicomponent Abelian Higgs (AH) gauge theories with\nmultiparameter scalar quartic potentials that are extensions, with a smaller\nglobal symmetry group, of $SU(N)$-invariant AH theories. In particular, we\nconsider an AH model with a two-parameter scalar potential and $SO(N)$ global\nsymmetry. We discuss the renormalization-group flow of the $SO(N)$-invariant AH\nfield theory and the phase diagram and critical behavior of a corresponding\nthree-dimensional (3D) noncompact lattice AH model. We argue that the phase\ndiagram of 3D noncompact $SO(N)$- and $SU(N)$-symmetric lattice AH models are\nqualitatively similar. In both cases there are three phases: the\nhigh-temperature Coulomb phase, and the low-temperature molecular and Higgs\nphases that differ for the topological properties of the gauge correlations.\nHowever, the main features of the low-temperature ordered phases, and in\nparticular of the Higgs phase, differ significantly in $SO(N)$ and $SU(N)$\nmodels. In particular, in $SO(N)$ models they depend on the sign of the\nself-interaction parameter $v$ that controls the symmetry breaking from $SU(N)$\nto $SO(N)$. As a consequence, also the universal features of the transitions\nrelated with the spontaneous breaking of the global symmetry (those between the\nhigh-temperature Coulomb phase and the low-temperature molecular and Higgs\nphases) depend on the sign of $v$.",
        "positive": "Formation probabilities and statistics of observables as defect problems\n  in the free fermions and the quantum spin chains: We show that the computation of formation probabilities (FP) in the\nconfiguration basis and the full counting statistics (FCS) of observables in\nthe quadratic fermionic Hamiltonians are equivalent to the calculation of\nemptiness formation probability (EFP) in the Hamiltonian with a defect. In\nparticular, we first show that the FP of finding a particular configuration in\nthe ground state is equivalent to the EFP of the ground state of the quadratic\nHamiltonian with a defect. Then, we show that the probability of finding a\nparticular value for any quadratic observable is equivalent to a FP problem and\nultimately leads to the calculation of EFP in the ground state of a Hamiltonian\nwith a defect. We provide new exact determinant formulas for the FP in the\ngeneric quadratic fermionic Hamiltonians. As applications of our formalism we\nstudy the statistics of the number of particles and kinks. Our conclusions can\nbe extended also to the quantum spin chains that can be mapped to the free\nfermions via Jordan-Wigner (J-W) transformation. In particular, we provide an\nexact solution to the problem of the transverse field XY chain with a staggered\nline defect. We also study the distribution of magnetization and kinks in the\ntransverse field XY chain and show how the dual nature of these quantities\nmanifest itself in the distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Single-File Diffusion of Externally Driven Particles: We study 1-D diffusion of $N$ hard-core interacting Brownian particles driven\nby the space- and time-dependent external force. We give the exact solution of\nthe $N$-particle Smoluchowski diffusion equation. In particular, we investigate\nthe nonequilibrium energetics of two interacting particles under the\ntime-periodic driving. The hard-core interaction induces entropic repulsion\nwhich differentiates the energetics of the two particles. We present exact\ntime-asymptotic results which describe the mean energy, the accepted work and\nheat, and the entropy production of interacting particles and we contrast these\nquantities against the corresponding ones for the non-interacting particles.",
        "positive": "Field theory fo charged fluids and colloids: A systematic field theory is presented for charged systems. The one-loop\nlevel corresponds to the classical Debye-H\\\"uckel (DH) theory, and exhibits the\nfull hierarchy of multi-body correlations determined by pair-distribution\nfunctions given by the screened DH potential. Higher-loop corrections can lead\nto attractive pair interactions between colloids in asymmetric ionic\nenvironments. The free energy follows as a loop-wise expansion in half-integer\npowers of the density; the resulting two-phase demixing region shows pronounced\ndeviations from DH theory for strongly charged colloids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium induced by reservoirs: Physico-mathematical models and\n  numerical tests: In a recently proposed computational model of open molecular systems out of\nequilibrium [Ebrahimi Viand et al. J.Chem.Phys. 153, 101102 (2020)], the action\nof different reservoirs enters as a linear sum into the Liouville-type\nevolution equations for the open system's statistics. The linearity of the\ncoupling is common to different mathematical models of open systems and\nessentially relies on neglecting the feedback of the system onto the reservoir\ndue to their interaction. In this paper, we test the range of applicability of\nthe computational model with a linear coupling to two different reservoirs,\nwhich induces a nonequilibrium situation. To this end, we studied the density\nprofiles of Lennard-Jones liquids in large thermal gradients using\nnonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations with open boundaries. We put in\nperspective the formulation of an extension of the mathematical model that can\naccount for nonlinear effects.",
        "positive": "Homogeneous hydrodynamics of a collisional model of confined granular\n  gases: The hydrodynamic equation governing the homogeneous time evolution of the\ntemperature in a model of confined granular gas is studied by means of the\nEnskog equation. The existence of a normal solution of the kinetic equation is\nassumed as a condition for hydrodynamics. Dimensional analysis implies a\nscaling of the distribution function that is used to determine it in the first\nSonine approximation, with a coefficient that evolves in time through its\ndependence on the temperature. The theoretical predictions are compared with\nnumerical results obtained by the direct simulation Monte Carlo method, and a\ngood agreement is found. The relevance of the normal homogeneous distribution\nfunction to derive inhomogeneous hydrodynamic equations, for instance using the\nChampan-Enskog algorithm, is indicated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of resonance states in a weakly open chaotic cavity: In this letter, we demonstrate that a non-Hermitian Random Matrix description\ncan account for both spectral and spatial statistics of resonance states in a\nweakly open chaotic wave system with continuously distributed losses. More\nspecifically, the statistics of resonance states in an open 2D chaotic\nmicrowave cavity are investigated by solving the Maxwell equations with lossy\nboundaries subject to Ohmic dissipation. We successfully compare the statistics\nof its complex-valued resonance states and associated widths with analytical\npredictions based on a non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian model defined by a\nfinite number of fictitious open channels.",
        "positive": "Low frequency, low temperature properties of the spin-boson problem: Low temperature and low frequency properties of a spin-boson model are\ninvestigated within a super operator and Liouville space formulation. The\nleading contributions are identified with the help of projection operators\nprojecting onto the equilibrium state. The quantities of interest are expressed\nin terms of weighted bath propagators and static linear and nonlinear\nsusceptibilities. In particular the generalized Shiba relation and Wilson ratio\nare recovered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of position-phase probability density in magnetic resonance: We consider the behaviour of precessional angle (phase) carried by molecules\nof a diffusing specimen under magnetic fields typical of magnetic resonance\nexperiments. An evolution equation for the ensemble of particles is\nconstructed, which treats the phase as well as the position of the molecules as\nrandom variables. This \"position-phase (probability) density\" (PPD) is shown to\nencode solutions to a family of Bloch-Torrey equations (BTE) for transverse\nmagnetization density, which is because the PPD is a more fundamental quantity\nthan magnetization density; the latter emerges from the former upon averaging.\nThe present paradigm represents a conceptual advantage, since the PPD is a true\nprobability density subject to Markovian dynamics, rather than an aggregate\nmagnetization density whose evolution is less intuitive. We also work out the\nanalytical solution for suitable special cases.",
        "positive": "Diameters of symmetric and lifted simple exclusion models: We determine diameters of Markov chains describing one-dimensional N\n-particle models with an exclusion interaction, namely the Ssep (symmetric\nsimple exclusion process) and one of its non-reversible liftings, the lifted\nTasep (totally asymmetric simple exclusion process). The diameters provide\nlower bounds for the mixing times, and we discuss the implications of our\nfindings for the analysis of these models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gaussian noise and time-reversal symmetry in non-equilibrium Langevin\n  models: We show that in driven systems the Gaussian nature of the fluctuating force\nand time-reversibility are equivalent properties. This result together with the\npotential condition of the external force drastically restricts the form of the\nprobability distribution function, which can be shown to satisfy\ntime-independent relations. We have corroborated this feature by explicitly\nanalyzing a model for the stretching of a polymer and a model for a suspension\nof non-interacting Brownian particles in steady flow.",
        "positive": "Density Resolved Wave Packet Spreading in Disordered Gross-Pitaevskii\n  Lattices: We perform novel energy and norm density resolved wave packet spreading\nstudies in the disordered Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) lattice to confine energy\ndensity fluctuations. We map the locations of GP regimes of weak and strong\nchaos subdiffusive spreading in the 2D density control parameter space and\nobserve strong chaos spreading over several decades. We obtain a\nrenormalization of the ground state due to disorder, which allows for a new\ndisorder-induced phase of disconnected insulating puddles of matter due to\nLifshits tails. Inside this Lifshits phase, the wave packet spreading is\nsubstantially slowed down."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotically exact scattering theory of active particles with\n  anti-alignment interactions: We consider a model of Non-Brownian self-propelled particles with\nanti-alignment interactions where particles try to avoid each other by\nattempting to turn into opposite directions. The particles undergo apparent\nBrownian motion, even though the particle's equations are fully deterministic.\nWe show that the deterministic interactions lead to internal, dynamical noise.\nStarting from the N-particle Liouville equation, a kinetic equation for the\none-particle distribution function is obtained. We show that the usual\nmean-field assumption of molecular chaos leads to qualitatively wrong\npredictions such as an infinite coefficient of self-diffusion. Going beyond\nmean-field and applying the refined assumption of ``one-sided molecular\nchaos'', we analytically calculate the scattering of particles in the limit of\nlow density and obtain explicit expressions for the dynamical noise of an\neffective one-particle Langevin-equation and the corresponding self-diffusion.\nIn this calculation, the so-called superposition principle of traditional\nkinetic theory was modified to handle a system with non-Hamiltonian dynamics\ninvolving phase-space compression. The predicted theoretical expressions for\nthe relaxation of hydrodynamic modes and the self-diffusion coefficient are in\nexcellent, quantitative agreement with agent-based simulations at small density\nand small anti-alignment strength. At large particle densities, a given\nparticle is constantly approached and abandoned by different collision\npartners. Modelling this switching of partners by a random telegraph process\nand exactly solving a self-consistent integral equation, we obtain explicit\nexpressions for the noise correlations of the effective one-particle\nLangevin-equation. Comparison with agent-based simulation show very good\nagreement.",
        "positive": "Dynamic Correlators of Fermi-Pasta-Ulam Chains and Nonlinear Fluctuating\n  Hydrodynamics: We study the equilibrium time correlations for the conserved fields of\nclassical anharmonic chains and argue that their dynamic correlator can be\npredicted on the basis of nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamics. In fact our\nscheme is more general and would cover also other one-dimensional hamiltonian\nsystems, for example classical and quantum fluids. Fluctuating hydrodynamics is\na nonlinear system of conservation laws with noise. For a single mode it is\nequivalent to the noisy Burgers equation, for which explicit solutions are\navailable. Our focus is the case of several modes. No exact solutions have been\nfound so far and we rely on a one-loop approximation. The resulting\nmode-coupling equations have a quadratic memory kernel and describe the time\nevolving 3 x 3 correlator matrix of the locally conserved fields. Long time\nasymptotics is computed analytically and finite time properties are obtained\nthrough a numerical simulation of the mode-coupling equations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Increasing Returns to Scale, Dynamics of Industrial Structure and Size\n  Distribution of Firms: A model is presented of the market dynamics to emphasis the effects of\nincreasing returns to scale, including the description of the born and death of\nthe adaptive producers. The evolution of market structure and its behavior with\nthe technological shocks are discussed. Its dynamics is in good agreement with\nsome empirical stylized facts of industrial evolution. Together with the\ndiversities of demand and adaptive growth strategies of firms, the generalized\nmodel has reproduced the power-law distribution of firm size. Three factors\nmainly determine the competitive dynamics and the skewed size distributions of\nfirms: 1. Self-reinforcing mechanism; 2. Adaptive firm grows strategies; 3.\nDemand diversities or widespread heterogeneity in the technological\ncapabilities of different firms. Key words: Econophysics, Increasing returns,\nIndustry dynamics, Size distribution of firms",
        "positive": "Collective response to local perturbations: how to evade threats without\n  losing coherence: Living groups move in complex environments and are constantly subject to\nexternal stimuli, predatory attacks and disturbances. An efficient response to\nsuch perturbations is vital to maintain the group's coherence and cohesion.\nPerturbations are often local, i.e. they are initially perceived only by few\nindividuals in the group, but can elicit a global response. This is the case of\nstarling flocks, that can turn very quickly to evade predators. In this paper,\nwe investigate the conditions under which a global change of direction can\noccur upon local perturbations. Using minimal models of self-propelled\nparticles, we show that a collective directional response occurs on timescales\nthat grow with the system size and it is, therefore, a finite-size effect. The\nlarger the group is, the longer it will take to turn. We also show that global\ncoherent turns can only take place if i) the mechanism for information\npropagation is efficient enough to transmit the local reaction undamped through\nthe whole group; and if ii) motility is not too strong, to avoid that the\nperturbed individual leaves the group before the turn is complete. No\ncompliance with such conditions results in the group's fragmentation or in a\nnon-efficient response."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase separation in fluids exposed to spatially periodic external fields: We consider the liquid-vapor type phase transition for fluids confined within\nspatially periodic external fields. For a fluid in d=3 dimensions, the periodic\nfield induces an additional phase, characterized by large density modulations\nalong the field direction. At the triple point, all three phases (modulated,\nvapor, and liquid) coexist. At temperatures slightly above the triple point and\nfor low (high) values of the chemical potential, two-phase coexistence between\nthe modulated phase and the vapor (liquid) is observed. We study this\nphenomenon using computer simulations and mean-field theory for the Ising\nmodel. The theory shows that, in order for the modulated phase to arise, the\nfield wavelength must exceed a threshold value. We also find an extremely low\ntension of the interface between the modulated phase and the vapor/liquid\nphases. The tension is of the order 10^{-4} kB T per squared lattice spacing,\nwhere kB is the Boltzmann constant, and T the temperature. In order to detect\nsuch low tensions, a new simulation method is proposed. We also consider the\ncase of d=2 dimensions. The modulated phase then does not survive, leading to a\nradically different phase diagram.",
        "positive": "Vertex Models and Random Labyrinths: Phase Diagrams for Ice-type Vertex\n  Models: We propose a simple geometric recipe for constructing phase diagrams for a\ngeneral class of vertex models obeying the ice rule. The disordered phase maps\nonto the intersecting loop model which is interesting in its own right and is\nrelated to several other statistical mechanical models. This mapping is also\nuseful in understanding some ordered phases of these vertex models as they\ncorrespond to the polymer loop models with cross-links in their vulcanised\nphase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic properties of magneto-anisotropic nanoparticles: The purpose of this paper is to study the thermodynamic equilibrium\nproperties of a collection of non-interacting three-dimensional (3D)\nmagnetically anisotropic nanoparticles in the light of classical statistical\nphysics. Pertaining to the angular dependence ($\\alpha$) of the magnetic field\nwith the anisotropy axis, energy landscape plots are obtained which reveal a\ncontinuous transition from a double well to a single well for\n$\\alpha=\\frac{\\pi}{2}$ and show asymmetric bistable shape for other values of\n$\\alpha$. The present analysis is related with the interpretation of\nequilibrium magnetization and static susceptibility of nanomagnetic system as a\nfunction of external magnetic field, $B$, and temperature, $T$. The\nmagnetization and susceptibility confirms the non Langevin behaviour of\nmagneto-anisotropic monodomain particles. The susceptibility analysis\nestablishes the ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic like coupling\nfor various $\\alpha$. This study reveals the essential role of magneto\nanisotropic energy in the interpretation of the magnetic behaviour of a\ncollection of noninteracting single domain nanoparticles.",
        "positive": "Congestion and decongestion in a communication network: We study network traffic dynamics in a two dimensional communication network\nwith regular nodes and hubs. If the network experiences heavy message traffic,\ncongestion occurs due to finite capacity of the nodes. We discuss strategies to\nmanipulate hub capacity and hub connections to relieve hub congestion. We find\nthat the betweenness centrality (BC) criterion is useful for identifying hubs\nwhich are most likely to cause congestion, and that the addition of assortative\nconnections to hubs of high BC relieves congestion most efficiently."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy Production and Coarse Graining of the Climate Fields in a\n  General Circulation Model: We extend the analysis of the thermodynamics of the climate system by\ninvestigating the role played by processes taking place at various spatial and\ntemporal scales through a procedure of coarse graining. The coarser is the\ngraining of the climatic fields, the lower is the resulting estimate of the\nmaterial entropy production. In other terms, all the spatial and temporal\nscales of variability of the thermodynamic fields provide a positive\ncontribution to the material entropy production. At all scales, the temperature\nfields and the heating fields resulting from the convergence of turbulent\nfluxes have a negative correlation, while the opposite holds between the\ntemperature fields and the radiative heating fields. Moreover, the latter\ncorrelations are stronger, which confirms that radiation acts as primary driver\nfor the climatic processes, while the material fluxes dampen the resulting\nfluctuations through dissipative processes. Using specific coarse-graining\nprocedures, one can separate the various contributions to the material entropy\nproduction coming from the dissipation of kinetic energy, the vertical sensible\nand latent heat fluxes, and the large scale horizontal fluxes. Most of the\nentropy production is associated to irreversible exchanges occurring along the\nvertical direction, and neglecting the horizontal and time variability of the\nfields has a small impact on the estimate of the material entropy production.\nThe approach presented here seems promising for testing climate models, for\nassessing the impact of changing their parametrizations and their resolution,\nand for investigating the atmosphere of exoplanets. Our findings deserve to be\nexplored in a more general context, because they provide a way for\nunderstanding the relationship between forced fluctuations and dissipative\nprocesses in continuum systems.",
        "positive": "First encounters on Bethe Lattices and Cayley Trees: In this work we consider the first encounter problems between a fixed and/or\nmobile target A and a moving trap B on Bethe Lattices and Cayley trees. The\nsurvival probability (SP) of the target A on the both kinds of structures are\nanalyzed analytically and compared. On Bethe Lattices, the results show that\nthe fixed target will still prolong its survival time, whereas, on Cayley\ntrees, there are some initial positions where the target should move to prolong\nits survival time. The mean first encounter time (MFET) for mobile target A is\nevaluated numerically and compared with the mean first passage time (MFPT) for\nthe fixed target A. Different initial settings are addressed and clear\nboundaries are obtained. These findings are helpful for optimizing the strategy\nto prolong the survival time of the target or to speed up the search process on\nCayley trees, in relation to the target's movement and the initial position\nconfiguration of the two walkers. We also present a new method, which uses a\nsmall amount of memory, for simulating random walks on Cayley trees."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Elastic and transport coefficients of the perfect hard-sphere crystal\n  from the poles of the hydrodynamic spectral functions: The elastic and transport coefficients of a perfect face-centered cubic\ncrystal of hard spheres are computed from the poles of the dynamic structure\nfactor and of the spectral functions of transverse momentum density\nfluctuations. For such crystals, the relevant coefficients are the three\nisothermal elastic constants $(C_{11}^T,C_{12}^T,C_{44}^T)$, the heat\nconductivity $\\kappa$, and the three viscosities\n$(\\eta_{11},\\eta_{12},\\eta_{44})$ (in Voigt's notations), which are directly\ncomputed using molecular dynamics simulations. The elastic and transport\ncoefficients are then compared to the values of the same coefficients obtained\nwith the method of Helfand moments, showing good agreement and providing strong\nsupport for the microscopic hydrodynamic theory of perfect crystals based on\nthe local-equilibrium approach.",
        "positive": "Dynamical relaxation behavior of extended XY chain with gapless phase\n  following a quantum quench: We investigate the dynamical relaxation behavior of the two-point correlation\nin extended XY models with a gapless phase after quenches from various initial\nstates. Specifically, we study the XY chain with gapless phase induced by the\nadditional interactions: Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and XZY-YZX type of\nthree-site interaction. When quenching from the gapped phase, we observe that\nthe additional interactions have no effect on the relaxation behavior. The\nrelaxation behavior is $\\delta C_{mn}(t)\\sim t^{-3/2}$ and $\\sim t^{-1/2}$ for\nthe quench to the commensurate phase and the incommensurate phase,\nrespectively. However, when quenching from the gapless phase, we demonstrate\nthat the scaling behavior of $\\delta C_{mn}(t)$ is changed to $\\sim t^{-1}$ for\nthe quench to the commensurate phase, and the decay of $\\delta C_{mn}(t)$\nfollows $\\sim t^{-1}$ or $\\sim t^{-1/2}$ for the quench to the incommensurate\nphase depending on the parameters of pre-quench Hamiltonian. We also establish\nthe dynamical phase diagrams based on the dynamical relaxation behavior of\n$\\delta C_{mn}(t)$ in the extended XY models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Integrability of $1D$ Lindbladians from operator-space fragmentation: We introduce families of one-dimensional Lindblad equations describing open\nmany-particle quantum systems that are exactly solvable in the following sense:\n$(i)$ the space of operators splits into exponentially many (in system size)\nsubspaces that are left invariant under the dissipative evolution; $(ii)$ the\ntime evolution of the density matrix on each invariant subspace is described by\nan integrable Hamiltonian. The prototypical example is the quantum version of\nthe asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) which we analyze in some detail.\nWe show that in each invariant subspace the dynamics is described in terms of\nan integrable spin-1/2 XXZ Heisenberg chain with either open or twisted\nboundary conditions. We further demonstrate that Lindbladians featuring\nintegrable operator-space fragmentation can be found in spin chains with\narbitrary local physical dimension.",
        "positive": "Fracture of disordered solids in compression as a critical phenomenon:\n  II. Model Hamiltonian for a population of interacting cracks: To obtain the probability distribution of 2D crack patterns in mesoscopic\nregions of a disordered solid, the formalism of Paper I requires that a\nfunctional form associating the crack patterns (or states) to their formation\nenergy be developed. The crack states are here defined by an order parameter\nfield representing both the presence and orientation of cracks at each site on\na discrete square network. The associated Hamiltonian represents the total work\nrequired to lead an uncracked mesovolume into that state as averaged over the\ninitial quenched disorder. The effect of cracks is to create mesovolumes having\ninternal heterogeneity in their elastic moduli. To model the Hamiltonian, the\neffective elastic moduli corresponding to a given crack distribution are\ndetermined that includes crack-to-crack interactions. The interaction terms are\nentirely responsible for the localization transition analyzed in Paper III. The\ncrack-opening energies are related to these effective moduli via Griffith's\ncriterion as established in Paper I."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generating discrete-time constrained random walks and L\u00e9vy flights: We introduce a method to exactly generate bridge trajectories for\ndiscrete-time random walks, with arbitrary jump distributions, that are\nconstrained to initially start at the origin and return to the origin after a\nfixed time. The method is based on an effective jump distribution that\nimplicitly accounts for the bridge constraint. It is illustrated on various\njump distributions and is shown to be very efficient in practice. In addition,\nwe show how to generalize the method to other types of constrained random walks\nsuch as generalized bridges, excursions, and meanders.",
        "positive": "Semi-Markov processes in open quantum systems: Connections and\n  applications in counting statistics: Using the age-structure formalism, we definitely establish connections\nbetween semi-Markov processes and the dynamics of open quantum systems that\nsatisfy the Markov quantum master equations. A generalized Feynman-Kac formula\nof the semi-Markov processes is also proposed. In addition to inheriting all\nstatistical properties possessed by the piecewise deterministic processes of\nwavefunctions, the semi-Markov processes show their unique advantages in\nquantum counting statistics. Compared with the conventional method of the\ntilted quantum master equation, they can be applied to more general counting\nquantities. In particular, the terms involved in the method have precise\nprobability meanings. We use a driven two-level quantum system to exemplify\nthese results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in two-dimensional lattice\n  gas models: We have considered two classical lattice-gas models, consisting of particles\nthat carry multicomponent magnetic momenta, and associated with a\ntwo-dimensional square lattices; each site can host one particle at most, thus\nimplicitly allowing for hard-core repulsion; the pair interaction, restricted\nto nearest neighbors, is ferromagnetic and involves only two components. The\ncase of zero chemical potential has been investigated by Grand--Canonical Monte\nCarlo simulations; the fluctuating occupation numbers now give rise to\nadditional fluid-like observables in comparison with the usual\nsaturated--lattice situation; these were investigated and their possible\ninfluence on the critical behaviour was discussed. Our results show that the\npresent model supports a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition with\na transition temperature lower than that of the saturated lattice counterpart\ndue to the presence of ``vacancies''; comparisons were also made with similar\nmodels studied in the literature.",
        "positive": "Pressure fluctuations, viscosity, and Brownian motion: Brownian motion occurs in a variety of fluids, from rare gases to liquids.\nThe Langevin equation, describing friction and agitation forces in statistical\nbalance, is one of the most successful ways to treat the phenomenon. In rare\ngases, it is appropriate to model both friction and agitation in terms of\nindependent molecular impacts with the particle. But in relatively dense\nfluids, such as water and air at standard temperature and pressure, the mean\nfree path between collisions of fluid molecules is much smaller than the size\nof the Brownian particle, and the friction is normally treated as a mesoscopic\nviscous effect described by Stokes' Law which treats the fluid as continuous.\nThe appropriateness of using Stokes' Law will be discussed in terms of recent\nexperimental research in the ballistic or \"coasting\" phase of motion occurring\nat a very short time scale. Given the mesoscopic nature of the friction force\nfor relatively dense fluids, we should expect the agitation force to also be\nmesoscopic. But it is often unrealistically modeled as uncorrelated individual\nimpacts. It has been suggested occasionally that mesoscopic pressure\nfluctuations are appropriate for denser fluids. The purpose of this paper is to\nmodel friction as a result of mesoscopic pressure fluctuations. First, the\nsimple random walk will be used to approximate the time and space scales below\nwhich ballistic motion begins and diffusive motion ends. Following that,\npressure fluctuations and the associated time scale will be introduced to\nexplain Brownian motion. As successful as the pressure fluctuation model is for\nmany fluids, it will be shown to fail for fluids like glycerin that have\nviscosities a thousand times and more that of water."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Footprints of loop extrusion in statistics of intra-chromosomal\n  distances: an analytically solvable model: Active loop extrusion - the process of formation of dynamically growing\nchromatin loops due to the motor activity of DNA-binding protein complexes - is\nfirmly established mechanism responsible for chromatin spatial organization at\ndifferent stages of cell cycle in eukaryotes and bacteria. The theoretical\ninsight into the effect of loop extrusion on the experimentally measured\nstatistics of chromatin conformation can be gained with an appropriately chosen\npolymer model. Here we consider the simplest analytically solvable model of\ninterphase chromosome which is treated as ideal chain with disorder of\nsufficiently sparse random loops whose conformations are sampled from the\nequilibrium ensemble. This framework allows us to arrive at the closed-form\nanalytical expression for the mean-squared distance between pairs of genomic\nloci which is valid beyond the one-loop approximation in diagrammatic\nrepresentation. Besides, we analyse the loops-induced deviation of chain\nconformations from the Gaussian statistics by calculating kurtosis of\nprobability density of the pairwise separation vector. The presented results\nsuggest the possible ways of estimating the characteristics of the loop\nextrusion process based on the experimental data on the scale-dependent\nstatistics of intra-chromosomal pair-wise distances.",
        "positive": "Temperature profile and boundary conditions in an anomalous heat\n  transport model: A framework for studying the effect of the coupling to the heat bath in\nmodels exhibiting anomalous heat conduction is described. The framework is\napplied to the harmonic chain with momentum exchange model where the\nnon-trivial temperature profile is calculated. In this approach one first uses\nthe hydrodynamic (HD) equations to calculate the equilibrium current-current\ncorrelation function in large but finite chains, explicitly taking into account\nthe BCs resulting from the coupling to the heat reservoirs. Making use of a\nlinear response relation, the anomalous conductivity exponent $\\alpha$ and an\nintegral equation for the temperature profile are obtained. The temperature\nprofile is found to be singular at the boundaries with an exponent which varies\ncontinuously with the coupling to the heat reservoirs expressed by the BCs. In\naddition, the relation between the harmonic chain and a system of\nnoninteracting L{\\'e}vy walkers is made explicit, where different BCs of the\nchain correspond to different reflection coefficients of the L{\\'e}vy\nparticles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A general method to determine replica symmetry breaking transitions: We introduce a new parameter to investigate replica symmetry breaking\ntransitions using finite-size scaling methods. Based on exact equalities\ninitially derived by F. Guerra this parameter is a direct check of the\nself-averaging character of the spin-glass order parameter. This new parameter\ncan be used to study models with time reversal symmetry but its greatest\ninterest concerns models where this symmetry is absent. We apply the method to\nlong-range and short-range Ising spin glasses with and without magnetic field\nas well as short-range multispin interaction spin glasses.",
        "positive": "Time and Thermodynamics Extended Discussion on \"Time & clocks: A\n  thermodynamic approach\": In the paper, \"Time & clocks: A thermodynamic approach\" Lucia and Grisolia\ndescribe the connections between the physical nature of time and macroscopic\nirreversibility in thermodynamics. They also discuss the possibility of\nconstructing a thermodynamic clock that links the two, through an approach\nbased on the behaviour of a black body. Their work primarily focuses on the\nmacroscopic irreversibilty, and their attempt to define 'thermodynamic time' is\ngrounded on the concepts from non-equilibrium thermodynamics such as, entropy\ngeneration and time-dependent thermodynamic fluxes - in and out of the system.\nIn this letter, we present a first principles approach based on the Maupertuis\nprinciple to describe the connection between time and thermodynamics for\nequilibrium phenomena. Our novel interpretation of the temperature as a\nfunctional allows us to extend our formalism to irreversible processes when the\nlocal equilibrium hypothesis is satisfied. Through our framework we also\nestablish a functional relationship between equilibrium and non-equilibrium\ntime-scales while distinguishing between the two."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bubbling and Large-Scale Structures in Avalanche Dynamics: Using a simple lattice model for granular media, we present a scenario of\nself-organization that we term self-organized structuring where the steady\nstate has several unusual features: (1) large scale space and/or time\ninhomogeneities and (2) the occurrence of a non-trivial peaked distribution of\nlarge events which propagate like ``bubbles'' and have a well-defined frequency\nof occurrence. We discuss the applicability of such a scenario for other models\nintroduced in the framework of self-organized criticality.",
        "positive": "Microcanonical Determination of the Interface Tension of Flat and Curved\n  Interfaces from Monte Carlo Simulations: The investigation of phase coexistence in systems with multi-component order\nparameters in finite systems is discussed, and as a generic example, Monte\nCarlo simulations of the two-dimensional q-state Potts model (q=30) on LxL\nsquare lattices (40<=L<=100) are presented. It is shown that the microcanonical\nensemble is well-suited both to find the precise location of the first order\nphase transition and to obtain an accurate estimate for the interfacial free\nenergy between coexisting ordered and disordered phases. For this purpose, a\nmicrocanonical version of the heatbath algorithm is implemented. The finite\nsize behaviour of the loop in the curve describing the inverse temperature\nversus energy density is discussed, emphasizing that the extrema do not have\nthe meaning of van der Waals-like \"spinodal points\" separating metastable from\nunstable states, but rather describe the onset of heterophase states:\ndroplet/bubble evaporation/condensation transitions. Thus all parts of these\nloops, including the parts that correspond to a negative specific heat,\ndescribe phase coexistence in full thermal equilibrium. However, the estimates\nfor the curvature-dependent interface tension of the droplets and bubbles\nsuffer from unexpected and unexplained large finite size effects which need\nfurther study."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Construction of Particle Distributions with Specified Single and\n  Pair Densities: We discuss necessary conditions for the existence of probability distribution\non particle configurations in $d$-dimensions i.e. a point process, compatible\nwith a specified density $\\rho$ and radial distribution function $g({\\bf r})$.\nIn $d=1$ we give necessary and sufficient criteria on $\\rho g({\\bf r})$ for the\nexistence of such a point process of renewal (Markov) type. We prove that these\nconditions are satisfied for the case $g(r) = 0, r < D$ and $g(r) = 1, r > D$,\nif and only if $\\rho D \\leq e^{-1}$: the maximum density obtainable from\ndiluting a Poisson process. We then describe briefly necessary and sufficient\nconditions, valid in every dimension, for $\\rho g(r)$ to specify a\ndeterminantal point process for which all $n$-particle densities, $\\rho_n({\\bf\nr}_1, ..., {\\bf r}_n)$, are given explicitly as determinants. We give several\nexamples.",
        "positive": "Force microscopy cantilevers locally heated in a fluid: temperature\n  fields and effects on the dynamics: Atomic force microscopy cantilevers are often, intentionally or not, heated\nat their extremity. We describe a model to compute the resulting temperature\nfield in the cantilever and in the surrounding fluid on a wide temperature\nrange. In air and for common geometries, the heat fluxes in the cantilever and\nto the environment are of comparable magnitude. We then infer how the\nfluid-structure interaction is modified due to heating, and predict the induced\nchanges in the dynamics of the system. In particular, we describe how the\nresonance frequencies of the cantilever shift with a temperature increase due\nto two competing processes: softening of the cantilever, and decrease of the\nfluid inertial effects. Our models are illustrated by experiments on a set of\ncantilevers spanning the relevant geometries to explore the relative importance\nof both effects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the mean Euler characteristic and mean Betti numbers of the Ising\n  model with arbitrary spin: The behaviour of the mean Euler-Poincar\\'{e} characteristic and mean Betti's\nnumbers in the Ising model with arbitrary spin on $\\mathbbm{Z}^2$ as functions\nof the temperature is investigated through intensive Monte Carlo simulations.\nWe also consider these quantities for each color $a$ in the state space $S\\_Q =\n\\{- Q, - Q + 2, ..., Q \\}$ of the model. We find that these topological\ninvariants show a sharp transition at the critical point.",
        "positive": "A First-Principles Nonequilibrium Deterministic Equation of Motion of a\n  Brownian Particle and Microscopic Viscous Drag: We present a first-principles thermodynamic approach to provide an\nalternative to the Langevin equation by identifying the deterministic (no\nstochastic component) microforce F_{k,BP} acting on a nonequilibrium Brownian\nparticle (BP) in its kth microstate m_{k}. (The prefix micro refers to\nmicrostate quantities and carry a suffix k.) The deterministic new equation is\neasier to solve using basic calculus. Being oblivious to the second law,\nF_{k,BP} does not always oppose motion but viscous dissipation emerges upon\nensemble averaging. The equipartition theorem is always satisfied. We reproduce\nwell-known results of the BP in equilibrium. We explain how the microforce is\nobtained directly from the mutual potential energy of interaction beween the BP\nand the medium after we average it over the medium so we only have to consider\nthe particles in the BP. Our approach goes beyond the phenomenological and\nequilibrium approach of Langevin and unifies nonequilibrium viscous dissipation\nfrom mesoscopic to macroscopic scales and provides new insight into Brownian\nmotion beyond Langevin's and Einstein's formulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous transport in driven periodic systems: distribution of the\n  absolute negative mobility effect in the parameter space: Absolute negative mobility is one of the most paradoxical forms of anomalous\ntransport behaviour. At the first glance it contradicts the superposition\nprinciple and the second law of thermodynamics, however, its fascinating nature\nbridges nonlinearity and nonequlibrium in which these fundamental rules are no\nlonger valid. We consider a paradigmatic model of the nonlinear Brownian motion\nin a driven periodic system which exhibits the absolute negative mobility. So\nfar research on this anomalous transport feature has been limited mostly to the\nsingle case studies due to the fact that this model possesses the complex\nmultidimensional parameter space. In contrast, here we harvest GPU\nsupercomputers to analyze the distribution of negative mobility in the\nparameter space. We consider nearly $10^9$ parameter regimes to discuss how the\nemergence of negative mobility depends on the system parameters as well as\nprovide the optimal ones for which it occurs most frequently.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium shapes of flat knots: We study the equilibrium shapes of prime and composite knots confined to two\ndimensions. Using rigorous scaling arguments we show that, due to self-avoiding\neffects, the topological details of prime knots are localised on a small\nportion of the larger ring polymer. Within this region, the original knot\nconfiguration can assume a hierarchy of contracted shapes, the dominating one\ngiven by just one small loop. This hierarchy is investigated in detail for the\nflat trefoil knot, and corroborated by Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A heterogeneous zero-range process related to a two-dimensional walk\n  model: We have considered a disordered driven-diffusive system defined on a ring.\nThis system can be mapped onto a heterogeneous zero-range process. We have\nshown that the grand-canonical partition function of this process can be\nobtained using a matrix product formalism and that it is exactly equal to the\npartition function of a two-dimensional walk model. The canonical partition\nfunction of this process is also calculated. Two simple examples are presented\nin order to confirm the results.",
        "positive": "Electric double layers with modulated surface charge density: Exact 2D\n  results: Electric double layers (EDL) with counterions only, say electrons with the\nelementary charge $-e$, in thermal equilibrium at the inverse temperature\n$\\beta$ are considered. In particular, we study the effect of the surface\ncharge modulation on the particle number density profile and the pressure. The\nmobile particles are constrained to the surface of a 2D cylinder and immersed\nin vacuum (no dielectric image charges). An EDL corresponds to the end-circle\nof the cylinder which carries a (fixed) position-dependent line charge density.\nThe geometries of one single EDL and two EDLs at distance $d$ are considered;\nthe particle density profile is studied for both geometries, the effective\ninteraction of two EDLs is given by the particle pressure on either of the line\nwalls. For any coupling constant $\\Gamma\\equiv \\beta e^2 = 2\\times {\\rm\ninteger}$, there exists a mapping of the 2D one-component Coulomb system onto\nthe 1D interacting anticommuting-field theory defined on a chain of sites.\nUsing specific transformation symmetries of anticommuting variables, the\ncontact value theorem is generalized to the EDL with modulated line charge\ndensity. For the free-fermion coupling $\\Gamma=2$ it is shown that, under\ncertain conditions, the matrix of interaction strengths between anticommuting\nvariables diagonalizes itself which permits one to obtain exact formulas for\nthe particle density profile as well as the pressure. The obtained results\nconfirm the previous indications of weak-coupling and Monte Carlo observations\nthat the surface charge inhomogeneity implies an enhancement of the counterion\ndensity at the contact with the charged line and a diminution of the pressure\nbetween two parallel lines in comparison with the uniformly charged ones (with\nthe same mean charge densities)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Overlaps after quantum quenches in the sine-Gordon model: We present a numerical computation of overlaps in mass quenches in\nsine-Gordon quantum field theory using truncated conformal space approach\n(TCSA). To improve the cut-off dependence of the method, we use a novel running\ncoupling definition which has a general applicability in free boson TCSA. The\nnumerical results are used to confirm the validity of a previously proposed\nanalytical Ansatz for the initial state in the sinh-Gordon quench.",
        "positive": "Brownian Dynamics, Time-averaging and Colored Noise: We propose a method to obtain the equilibrium distribution for positions and\nvelocities of a one-dimensional particle via time-averaging and Laplace\ntransformations. We apply it to the case of a damped harmonic oscillator in\ncontact with a thermal bath. The present method allows us to treat, among other\ncases, a Gaussian noise function exponentially correlated in time, e.g.,\nGaussian colored noise. We obtain the exact equilibrium solution and study some\nof its properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-passage Fingerprints of Water Diffusion near Glutamine Surfaces: The extent to which biological interfaces affect the dynamics of water plays\na key role in the exchange of matter and chemical interactions that are\nessential for life. The density and the mobility of water molecules depend on\ntheir proximity to biological interfaces and can play an important role in\nprocesses such as protein folding and aggregation. In this work, we study the\ndynamics of water near glutamine surfaces---a system of interest in studies of\nneurodegenerative diseases. Combining molecular-dynamics simulations and\nstochastic modelling, we study how the mean first-passage time and related\nstatistics of water molecules escaping subnanometer-sized regions vary from the\ninterface to the bulk. Our analysis reveals a dynamical complexity that\nreflects underlying chemical and geometrical properties of the glutamine\nsurfaces. From the first-passage time statistics of water molecules, we infer\ntheir space-dependent diffusion coefficient in directions normal to the\nsurfaces. Interestingly, our results suggest that the mobility of water varies\nover a longer length scale than the chemical potential associated with the\nwater-protein interactions. The synergy of molecular dynamics and first-passage\ntechniques opens the possibility for extracting space-dependent diffusion\ncoefficients in more complex, inhomogeneous environments that are commonplace\nin living matter.",
        "positive": "Biochemical machines for the interconversion of mutual information and\n  work: We propose a physically-realisable biochemical device that is coupled to a\nbiochemical reservoir of mutual information, fuel molecules and a chemical\nbath. Mutual information allows work to be done on the bath even when the fuel\nmolecules appear to be in equilibrium; alternatively, mutual information can be\ncreated by driving from the fuel or the bath. The system exhibits diverse\nbehaviour, including a regime in which the information, despite increasing\nduring the reaction, enhances the extracted work. We further demonstrate that a\nmodified device can function without the need for external manipulation,\neliminating the need for a complex and potentially costly control."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Molecular Dynamics of Polymer-lipids in Solution from Supervised Machine\n  Learning: Machine learning techniques including neural networks are popular tools for\nmaterials and chemical scientists with applications that may provide viable\nalternative methods in the analysis of structure and energetics of systems\nranging from crystals to biomolecules. However, efforts are less abundant for\nprediction of dynamics. Here we explore the ability of three well established\nrecurrent neural network architectures for forecasting the energetics of a\nmacromolecular polymer-lipid aggregate solvated in ethyl acetate at ambient\nconditions. Data models generated from recurrent neural networks are trained\nand tested on nanoseconds-long time series of the intra-macromolecules\npotential energy and their interaction energy with the solvent generated from\nMolecular Dynamics and containing half million points. Our exhaustive analyses\nconvey that the three recurrent neural network investigated generate data\nmodels with limited capability of reproducing the energetic fluctuations and\nyielding short or long term energetics forecasts with underlying distribution\nof points inconsistent with the input series distributions. We propose an in\nsilico experimental protocol consisting on forming an ensemble of artificial\nnetwork models trained on an ensemble of series with additional features from\ntime series containing pre-clustered time patterns of the original series. The\nforecast process improves by predicting a band of forecasted time series with a\nspread of values consistent with the molecular dynamics energy fluctuations\nspan. However, the distribution of points from the band of forecasts is not\noptimal. Although the three inspected recurrent neural networks were unable of\ngenerating single models that reproduce the actual fluctuations of the\ninspected molecular system energies in thermal equilibrium at the nanosecond\nscale, the proposed protocol provides useful estimates of the molecular fate",
        "positive": "Quantum Fluctuation Theorem under Continuous Measurement and Feedback: While the fluctuation theorem in classical systems has been thoroughly\ngeneralized under various feedback control setups, an intriguing situation in\nquantum systems, namely under continuous feedback, remains to be investigated.\nIn this work, we derive the generalized fluctuation theorem under continuous\nquantum measurement and feedback. The essence for the derivation is to newly\nintroduce the operationally meaningful information, which we call\nquantum-classical-transfer (QC-transfer) entropy. QC-transfer entropy can be\nnaturally interpreted as the quantum counterpart of transfer entropy that is\ncommonly used in classical time series analysis. We also verify our theoretical\nresults by numerical simulation and propose an experiment-numerics hybrid\nverification method. Our work reveals a fundamental connection between quantum\nthermodynamics and quantum information, which can be experimentally tested with\nartificial quantum systems such as circuit quantum electrodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Failure of the work-Hamiltonian connection for free-energy\n  calculations\" by Jose M. G. Vilar and J. Miguel Rubi: I point out that the arguments raised by Vilar and Rubi against the\nwork-Hamiltonian connection in free-energy calculations imply, if correct, the\nfailure of the statistical mechanical expression of the thermodynamical\nfree-energy via the logarithm of the partition function.",
        "positive": "Levy stable noise induced transitions: stochastic resonance, resonant\n  activation and dynamic hysteresis: A standard approach to analysis of noise-induced effects in stochastic\ndynamics assumes a Gaussian character of the noise term describing interaction\nof the analyzed system with its complex surroundings. An additional assumption\nabout the existence of timescale separation between the dynamics of the\nmeasured observable and the typical timescale of the noise allows external\nfluctuations to be modeled as temporally uncorrelated and therefore white.\nHowever, in many natural phenomena the assumptions concerning the\nabovementioned properties of \"Gaussianity\" and \"whiteness\" of the noise can be\nviolated. In this context, in contrast to the spatiotemporal coupling\ncharacterizing general forms of non-Markovian or semi-Markovian L\\'evy walks,\nso called L\\'evy flights correspond to the class of Markov processes which\nstill can be interpreted as white, but distributed according to a more general,\ninfinitely divisible, stable and non-Gaussian law. L\\'evy noise-driven\nnon-equilibrium systems are known to manifest interesting physical properties\nand have been addressed in various scenarios of physical transport exhibiting a\nsuperdiffusive behavior. Here we present a brief overview of our recent\ninvestigations aimed to understand features of stochastic dynamics under the\ninfluence of L\\'evy white noise perturbations. We find that the archetypal\nphenomena of noise-induced ordering are robust and can be detected also in\nsystems driven by non-Gaussian, heavy-tailed fluctuations with infinite\nvariance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work relations for time-dependent states: For time-dependent states generated by an external operation, a generalized\nfree energy may be introduced by the relative entropy with respect to an\nequilibrium state realized after sufficient relaxation from the time-dependent\nstates. Recently, by studying over-damped systems, Sivak and Crooks presented a\nformula that relates the generalized free energy with measurable thermodynamic\nworks. We re-derive this relation with emphasizing a connection to an extended\nClausius relation proposed in the framework of steady state thermodynamics. As\na natural consequence, we generalize this relation to be valid for systems with\nmomentum degrees of freedom, where the Shannon entropy in the generalized free\nenergy is replaced by a symmetric one.",
        "positive": "Discrete time-crystalline response stabilized by domain-wall confinement: Discrete time crystals represent a paradigmatic nonequilibrium phase of\nperiodically driven matter. Protecting its emergent spatiotemporal order\nnecessitates a mechanism that hinders the spreading of defects, such as\nlocalization of domain walls in disordered quantum spin chains. In this work,\nwe establish the effectiveness of a different mechanism arising in clean spin\nchains: the confinement of domain walls into ``mesonic'' bound states. We\nconsider translationally invariant quantum Ising chains periodically kicked at\narbitrary frequency, and discuss two possible routes to domain-wall\nconfinement: longitudinal fields and interactions beyond nearest neighbors. We\nstudy the impact of confinement on the order parameter evolution by\nconstructing domain-wall-conserving effective Hamiltonians and analyzing the\nresulting dynamics of domain walls. On the one hand, we show that for arbitrary\ndriving frequency the symmetry-breaking-induced confining potential gets\neffectively averaged out by the drive, leading to deconfined dynamics. On the\nother hand, we rigorously prove that increasing the range $R$ of spin-spin\ninteractions $J_{i,j}$ beyond nearest neighbors enhances the order-parameter\nlifetime \\textit{exponentially} in $R$. Our theory predictions are corroborated\nby a combination of exact and matrix-product-state simulations for finite and\ninfinite chains, respectively. The long-lived stability of spatiotemporal order\nidentified in this work does not rely on Floquet prethermalization nor on\neigenstate order, but rather on the nonperturbative origin of vacuum-decay\nprocesses. We point out the experimental relevance of this new mechanism for\nstabilizing a long-lived time-crystalline response in Rydberg-dressed spin\nchains."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Better be third then second in a search for a majority opinion: Monte Carlo simulations of a Sznajd model show that if a near-consensus is\nformed out of four initially equally widespread opinions, the one which at\nintermediate times is second in the number of adherents usually loses out\nagainst the third-placed opinion.",
        "positive": "Stochastic thermodynamics and fluctuation theorems for non-linear\n  systems: We extend stochastic thermodynamics by relaxing the two assumptions that the\nMarkovian dynamics must be linear and that the equilibrium distribution must be\na Boltzmann distribution. We show that if we require the second law to hold\nwhen those assumptions are relaxed, then it cannot be formulated in terms of\nShannon entropy. However, thermodynamic consistency is salvaged if we\nreformulate the second law in terms of generalized entropy; our first result is\nan equation relating the precise form of the non-linear master equation to the\nprecise associated generalized entropy which results in thermodynamic\nconsistency. We then build on this result to extend the usual trajectory-level\ndefinitions of thermodynamic quantities that are appropriate even when the two\nassumptions are relaxed. We end by using these trajectory-level definitions to\nderive extended versions of the Crooks fluctuation theorem and Jarzynski\nequality which apply when the two assumptions are relaxed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interfacial adsorption in two-dimensional pure and random-bond Potts\n  models: We study using Monte Carlo simulations the finite-size scaling behavior of\nthe interfacial adsorption of the two-dimensional square-lattice $q$-states\nPotts model. We consider the pure and random-bond versions of the Potts model\nfor $q = 3,4,5,8$ and $q = 10$, thus probing the interfacial properties at the\noriginally continuous, weak, and strong first-order phase transitions. For the\npure systems our results support the early scaling predictions for the size\ndependence of the interfacial adsorption at both first- and second-order phase\ntransitions. For the disordered systems, the interfacial adsorption at the\n(disordered induced) continuous transitions is discussed, applying standard\nscaling arguments and invoking findings for bulk critical properties. The\nself-averaging properties of the interfacial adsorption are also analyzed by\nstudying the infinite limit-size extrapolation of properly defined\nsignal-to-noise ratios.",
        "positive": "Are there localized saddles behind the heterogeneous dynamics of\n  supercooled liquids?: We numerically study the interplay between heterogeneous dynamics and\nproperties of negatively curved regions of the potential energy surface in a\nmodel glassy system. We find that the unstable modes of saddles and\nquasi-saddles undergo a localization transition close to the Mode-Coupling\ncritical temperature. We also find evidence of a positive spatial correlation\nbetween clusters of particles having large displacements in the unstable modes\nand dynamical heterogeneities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gated reactions in discrete time and space: How much time does it take two molecules to react? If a reaction occurs upon\ncontact, the answer to this question boils down to the classic first-passage\ntime problem: find the time it takes the two molecules to meet. However, this\nis not always the case as molecules switch stochastically between reactive and\nnon-reactive states. The reaction is then said to be \"gated\" by the internal\nstates of the molecules involved which could have a dramatic influence on\nkinetics. A unified, continuous-time, approach to gated reactions on networks\nwas presented in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 018301, 2021]. Here, we build on this\nrecent advancement and develop an analogous discrete-time version of the\ntheory. Similar to continuous-time, we employ a renewal approach to show that\nthe gated reaction time can always be expressed in terms of the corresponding\nungated first-passage and return times; which yields formulas for the\ngenerating function of the gated reaction-time distribution and its\ncorresponding mean and variance. In cases where the mean reaction time\ndiverges, we show that the long-time asymptotics of the gated problem is\ninherited from its ungated counterpart. However, when molecules spend most of\ntheir time non-reactive, an interim regime of slower power-law decay emerges\nprior to the terminal asymptotics. The discretization of time also gives rise\nto resonances and anti-resonances, which were absent from the continuous time\npicture. These features are illustrated using two case studies that also\ndemonstrate how the general approach presented herein greatly simplifies the\nanalysis of gated reactions.",
        "positive": "Transition in the Fractal Properties from Diffusion Limited Aggregation\n  to Laplacian Growth via their Generalization: We study the fractal and multifractal properties (i.e. the generalized\ndimensions of the harmonic measure) of a 2-parameter family of growth patterns\nthat result from a growth model that interpolates between Diffusion Limited\nAggregation (DLA) and Laplacian Growth Patterns in 2-dimensions. The two\nparameters are \\beta which determines the size of particles accreted to the\ninterface, and C which measures the degree of coverage of the interface by each\nlayer accreted to the growth pattern at every growth step. DLA and Laplacian\nGrowth are obtained at \\beta=0, C=0 and \\beta=2, C=1, respectively. The main\npurpose of this paper is to show that there exists a line in the \\beta-C phase\ndiagram that separates fractal (D<2) from non-fractal (D=2) growth patterns.\nMoreover, Laplacian Growth is argued to lie in the non-fractal part of the\nphase diagram. Some of our arguments are not rigorous, but together with the\nnumerics they indicate this result rather strongly. We first consider the\nfamily of models obtained for \\beta=0, C>0, and derive for them a scaling\nrelation D=2 * D_3. We then propose that this family has growth patterns for\nwhich D=2 for some C>C_{cr}, where C_{cr} may be zero. Next we consider the\nwhole \\beta-C phase diagram and define a line that separates 2-dimensional\ngrowth patterns from fractal patterns with D<2. We explain that Laplacian\nGrowth lies in the region belonging to 2-dimensional growth patterns,\nmotivating the main conjecture of this paper, i.e. that Laplacian Growth\npatterns are 2-dimensional. The meaning of this result is that the branches of\nLaplacian Growth patterns have finite (and growing) area on scales much larger\nthan any ultra-violet cut-off length."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations and effective temperatures in coarsening: We study dynamic fluctuations in non-disordered finite dimensional\nferromagnetic systems quenched to the critical point and the low-temperature\nphase. We investigate the fluctuations of two two-time quantities, called\n$\\chi$ and $C$, the averages of which %$<\\chi>$, $<C>$ yield the self linear\nresponse and correlation function. We introduce a restricted average of the\n$\\chi$'s, summing over all configurations with a given value of $C$. We find\nthat the restricted average $<\\chi >_C$ obeys a scaling form, and that the\nslope of the scaling function approaches the universal value $X_\\infty $ of the\nlimiting effective temperature in the long-time limit and for $C\\to 0$. Our\nresults tend to confirm the expectation that time-reparametrization invariance\nis not realized in coarsening systems at criticality. Finally, we discuss\npossible experimental tests of our proposal.",
        "positive": "Irreversibility and self-organisation in hydrodynamic echo experiments: We discuss the reversible-irreversible transition in low-Reynolds\nhydrodynamic systems driven by external cycling actuation. We introduce a set\nof models with no auto-organisation, and show that a sharp crossover is\nobtained between a Lyapunov regime in which any noise source, such as thermal\nnoise, is amplified exponentially, and a diffusive regime where this no longer\nholds. In the latter regime, groups of particles are seen to move\ncooperatively, yet no spatial organization occurs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Defects in Lamellar Diblock Copolymers: Chevron- and Omega-shaped Tilt\n  Boundaries: We investigate symmetric grain boundaries in a lamellar diblock copolymer\nsystem. The form of the interface between two grains strongly depends on the\nangle $\\theta$, between the normals of the grains. When this angle is small,\nthe lamellae transform smoothly from one orientation to the other, creating the\nchevron morphology. As $\\theta$ increases, a gradual transition is observed to\nan omega morphology characterized by a protrusion of the lamellae along the\ninterface between the two phases. We present a theoretical approach to find\nthese tilt boundaries in two-dimensional systems, based on a Ginzburg-Landau\nexpansion of the free energy. Calculated order parameter profiles and energies\nagree well with transmission electron microscope experiments, and with full\nnumerical solution of the same problem.",
        "positive": "Response to Cohen and Mauzerall: In a recent paper [ J. Stat. Mech. P07006 (2004)], E.G.D. Cohen and David\nMauzerall (CM) have argued that the derivation of the nonequilibrium work\nrelation given in [C. Jarzynski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2690 (1997)] is flawed.\nHere I attempt to answer their criticisms, both by presenting a detailed\nversion of that derivation and by addressing specific objections raised by CM.\nThe derivation presented here is in fact somewhat stronger than the one I gave\nin 1997, as it does not rely on the assumption of a weak coupling term between\nthe system of interest and its thermal environment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Alternatives to Eigenstate Thermalization: An isolated quantum many-body system in an initial pure state will come to\nthermal equilibrium if it satisfies the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis\n(ETH). We consider alternatives to ETH that have been proposed. We first show\nthat von Neumann's quantum ergodic theorem relies on an assumption that is\nessentially equivalent to ETH. We also investigate whether, following a sudden\nquench, special classes of pure states can lead to thermal behavior in systems\nthat do not obey ETH, namely, integrable systems. We find examples of this, but\nonly for initial states that obeyed ETH before the quench.",
        "positive": "Growth Kinetics and Aging Phenomena in a Frustrated System: We study numerically the ordering kinetics in a two-dimensional Ising model\nwith random coupling where the fraction of antiferromagnetic links $a$ can be\ngradually tuned. We show that, upon increasing such fraction, the behavior\nchanges in a radical way. Small $a$ does not prevent the system from a complete\nordering, but this occurs in an extremely (logarithmically) slow manner.\nHowever, larger values of this parameter destroy complete ordering, due to\nfrustration, and the evolution is comparatively faster (algebraic). Our study\nshows a precise correspondence between the kind of developing order,\nferromagnetic versus frustrated, and the speed of evolution. The aging\nproperties of the system are studied by focusing on the scaling properties of\ntwo-time quantities, the autocorrelation and linear response functions. We find\nthat the contribution of equilibrium and an aging part to these functions\noccurs differently in the various regions of the phase diagram of the model.\nWhen quenching inside the ferromagnetic phase, the two-time quantities are\nobtained by the addition of these parts. Instead, in the paramagnetic phase,\nthese two contributions enter multiplicatively. Both of the scaling forms are\nshown with excellent accuracy, and the corresponding scaling functions and\nexponents have been determined and discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Branching Process in a Stochastic Extremal Model: We considered a stochastic version of the Bak-Sneppen model (SBSM) of\necological evolution where the the number $M$ of sites mutated in a mutation\nevent is restricted to only two. Here the mutation zone consists of only one\nsite and this site is randomly selected from the neighboring sites at every\nmutation event in an annealed fashion. The critical behavior of the SBSM is\nfound to be the same as the BS model in dimensions $d$ =1 and 2. However on the\nscale-free graphs the critical fitness value is non-zero even in the\nthermodynamic limit but the critical behavior is mean-field like. Finally $<M>$\nhas been made even smaller than two by probabilistically updating the mutation\nzone which also shows the original BS model behavior. We conjecture that a SBSM\non any arbitrary graph with any small branching factor greater than unity will\nlead to a self-organized critical state.",
        "positive": "Quantum Fokker-Planck structure of the Lindblad equation: We show that the quantum Fokker-Planck equation, obtained by a canonical\nquantization of its classical version, can be transformed into an equation of\nthe Lindblad form. This result allows us to conclude that the quantum\nFokker-Planck equation preserves the trace and positivity of the density\noperator. The Fokker-Planck structure gives explicit expression for the quantum\nequivalence of probability current as well as the quantum equivalence of\ndetailed balance. We also propose expression for the rate of entropy production\nand show that it does not vanish for a closed system except in equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Viscosity and Thermal Relaxation for a resonantly interacting Fermi gas: The viscous and thermal relaxation rates of an interacting fermion gas are\ncalculated as functions of temperature and scattering length, using a many-body\nscattering matrix which incorporates medium effects due to Fermi blocking of\nintermediate states. These effects are demonstrated to be large close to the\ntransition temperature $T_c$ to the superfluid state. For a homogeneous gas in\nthe unitarity limit, the relaxation rates are increased by nearly an order of\nmagnitude compared to their value obtained in the absence of medium effects due\nto the Cooper instability at $T_c$. For trapped gases the corresponding ratio\nis found to be about three due to the averaging over the inhomogeneous density\ndistribution. The effect of superfluidity below $T_c$ is considered to leading\norder in the ratio between the energy gap and the transition temperature.",
        "positive": "Electron self-trapping and fluctuation density-of-states tail at the\n  critical point: We consider electron self-trapping due to its interaction with\norder-parameter fluuctuations at the second-order phase-transition or critical\npoint (for example, at the Curie temperature in magnetic or ferroelectric\nsemiconductors). Using Feynman path integral approach the autolocalization\nenergy and the size of the self-trapped state (fluctuon) are estimated. It is\nshown that the fluctuon states are connected with the Lifshitz tail of the\nelectron density-of-states, the parameters of this tail being determined by the\ncritical exponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A quantum generalization of the thermal viscous friction law: On the basis of the equivalence of the energy balance deacription at micro-\nand macro-level we propose a quantum generalization of the viscous friction law\nfor a macroscopic Langevin equation describing thermal fluctuations without the\nzero point contribution. This equation recovers the classical case in the limit\nh -> 0. In particular it satisfies the quantum regression theorem and resolves\nseveral anomalies appearing in the quantum extension of the fluctuation\ndissipation theorem.",
        "positive": "Entanglement Entropies in Conformal Systems with Boundaries: We study the entanglement entropies in one-dimensional open critical systems,\nwhose effective description is given by a conformal field theory with\nboundaries. We show that for pure-state systems formed by the ground state or\nby the excited states associated to primary fields, the entanglement entropies\nhave a finite-size behavior that depends on the correlation of the underlying\nfield theory. The analytical results are checked numerically, finding excellent\nagreement for the quantum chains ruled by the theories with central charge\n$c=1/2$ and $c=1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractal Behaviour of n-Simplex Lattice: We study the asymptotic behaviour of resistance scaling and fluctuation of\nresistance that give rise to flicker noise in an {\\em n}-simplex lattice. We\npropose a simple method to calculate the resistance scaling and give a\nclosed-form formula to calculate the exponent, $\\beta_L$, associated with\nresistance scaling, for any n. Using current cumulant method we calculate the\nexact noise exponent for n-simplex lattices.",
        "positive": "Hyperballistic superdiffusion and explosive solutions to the non-linear\n  diffusion equation: By means of a particle model that includes interactions only via the local\nparticle concentration, we show that hyperballistic diffusion may result. This\nis done by findng the exact solution of the corresponding non-linear diffusion\nequation, as well as by particle simulations. The connection between these\nlevels of description is provided by the Fokker-Planck equation describing the\nparticle dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kramers-Wannier duality from conformal defects: We demonstrate that the fusion algebra of conformal defects of a\ntwo-dimensional conformal field theory contains information about the internal\nsymmetries of the theory and allows one to read off generalisations of\nKramers-Wannier duality. We illustrate the general mechanism in the examples of\nthe Ising model and the three-states Potts model.",
        "positive": "Self-duality in quantum impurity problems: We establish the existence of an exact non-perturbative self-duality in a\nvariety of quantum impurity problems, including the Luttinger liquid or quantum\nwire with impurity. The former is realized in the fractional quantum Hall\neffect, where the duality interchanges electrons with Laughlin quasiparticles.\nWe discuss the mathematical structure underlying this property, which bears an\nintriguing resemblance with the work of Seiberg and Witten on supersymmetric\nnon-abelian gauge theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Solving Statistical Mechanics Using VANs\": Introducing\n  saVANt - VANs Enhanced by Importance and MCMC Sampling: In this comment on \"Solving Statistical Mechanics Using Variational\nAutoregressive Networks\" by Wu et al., we propose a subtle yet powerful\nmodification of their approach. We show that the inherent sampling error of\ntheir method can be corrected by using neural network-based MCMC or importance\nsampling which leads to asymptotically unbiased estimators for physical\nquantities. This modification is possible due to a singular property of VANs,\nnamely that they provide the exact sample probability. With these\nmodifications, we believe that their method could have a substantially greater\nimpact on various important fields of physics, including strongly-interacting\nfield theories and statistical physics.",
        "positive": "Langevin dynamics with dichotomous noise; direct simulation and\n  applications: We consider the motion of a Brownian particle moving in a potential field and\ndriven by dichotomous noise with exponential correlation. Traditionally, the\nanalytic as well as the numerical treatments of the problem, in general, rely\non Fokker-Planck description. We present a method for direct numerical\nsimulation of dichotomous noise to solve the Langevin equation. The method is\napplied to calculate nonequilibrium fluctuation induced current in a symmetric\nperiodic potential using asymmetric dichotomous noise and compared to\nFokker-Planck-Master equation based algorithm for a range of parameter values.\nOur second application concerns the study of resonant activation over a\nfluctuating barrier."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reaction Zones and Quenched Charged-Particle Systems with Long-Range\n  Interactions: We determine the evolving segregated or mixed morphology of charged-particle\nsystems with long-range power-law interactions and overall charge neutrality\nthat have been quenched to a low temperature. Segregated morphology systems are\ncharacterized by the size of uniformly charged domains, $L(t)$, the particle\nseparation within the domains, $l_{AA}(t)$, the particle flux-density leaving\nthe domains, $J(t)$, the width of reaction zones between domains, $W(t)$, the\nparticle spacing within the reaction-zones, $l_{AB}(t)$, and the particle\nlifetime in the reaction-zones, $\\tau(t)$. Mixed morphology systems are\nessentially one large reaction zone, with $L \\sim l_{AB} \\sim l_{AA}$. By\nrelating these quantities through the scaling behavior of particle fluxes and\nmicroscopic annihilation rates within reaction-zones, we determine the\ncharacteristic time-exponents of these quantities at late times. The morphology\nof the system, segregated or mixed, is also determined self-consistently. With\nthis unified approach, we consider systems with diffusion and/or long-range\ninteractions, and with either uncorrelated or correlated high-temperature\ninitial conditions. Finally, we discuss systems with particle-like topological\ndefects and electronic systems in various substrate dimensions --- including\nquantum-hall devices with skyrmions.",
        "positive": "Alternating steady state in one-dimensional flocking: We study flocking in one dimension, introducing a lattice model in which\nparticles can move either left or right. We find that the model exhibits a\ncontinuous nonequilibrium phase transition from a condensed phase, in which a\nsingle `flock' contains a finite fraction of the particles, to a homogeneous\nphase; we study the transition using numerical finite-size scaling.\nSurprisingly, in the condensed phase the steady state is alternating, with the\nmean direction of motion of particles reversing stochastically on a timescale\nproportional to the logarithm of the system size. We present a simple argument\nto explain this logarithmic dependence. We argue that the reversals are\nessential to the survival of the condensate. Thus, the discrete directional\nsymmetry is not spontaneously broken."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The effects of the chemical potential in a BE distribution and the\n  fractional parameter in a distribution with Mittag-Leffler function: The fractional Planck distribution is calculated by applying the Caputo\nfractional derivative with order $p$ ($p > 0$) to the equation proposed by\nPlanck in 1900. In addition, the integral representation of the Mittag--Leffler\nfunction is employed to obtain a new formula for the fractional BE\ndistribution, which is then used to analyze the NASA COBE monopole data. Based\non this analysis, an identity $p\\simeq e^{-\\mu}$ is found, where $\\mu$ is the\ndimensionless constant chemical potential that was introduced to the BE\ndistribution by the NASA COBE collaboration.",
        "positive": "Liquid-vapor coexistence in square-well fluids: an RHNC study: We investigate the ability of the reference hypernetted-chain integral\nequation to describe the phase diagram of square-well fluids with four\ndifferent ranges of attraction. Comparison of our results with simulation data\nshows that the theory is able to reproduce with fairly good accuracy a\nsignificant part of the coexistence curve, provided an extrapolation procedure\nis used to circumvent the well-known pathologies of the pseudo-spinodal line,\nwhich are more severe at reduced width of the attractive well. The method\nprovides a useful approach for a quick assessment of the location of the\nliquid-vapor coexistence curve in this kind of fluid and serves as a check for\nthe more complex problem of anisotropic \"patchy\" square-well molecules."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical wetting, first-order wetting and prewetting phase transitions\n  in binary mixtures of Bose-Einstein condensates: An ultralow-temperature binary mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates adsorbed\nat an optical wall can undergo a wetting phase transition in which one of the\nspecies excludes the other from contact with the wall. Interestingly, while\nhard-wall boundary conditions entail the wetting transition to be of first\norder, using Gross-Pitaevskii theory we show that first-order wetting as well\nas critical wetting can occur when a realistic exponential optical wall\npotential (evanescent wave) with a finite turn-on length $\\lambda$ is assumed.\nThe relevant surface excess energies are computed in an expansion in\n$\\lambda/\\xi_i$, where $\\xi_i$ is the healing length of condensate $i$.\nExperimentally, the wetting transition may best be approached by varying the\ninterspecies scattering length $a_{12}$ using Feshbach resonances. In the\nhard-wall limit, $\\lambda \\rightarrow 0$, exact results are derived for the\nprewetting and first-order wetting phase boundaries.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics of money: How saving propensity affects its\n  distribution: We consider a simple model of a closed economic system where the total money\nis conserved and the number of economic agents is fixed. In analogy to\nstatistical systems in equilibrium, money and the average money per economic\nagent are equivalent to energy and temperature, respectively. We investigate\nthe effect of the saving propensity of the agents on the stationary or\nequilibrium money distribution.The equilibrium probablity distribution of money\nbecomes the usual Gibb's distribution, characteristic of non-interacting\nagents, when the agents do not save. However with saving, even for local or\nindividual self-interest, the dynamics become cooperative and the resulting\nasymmetric Gaussian-like stationary distribution acquires global ordering\nproperties. Intriguing singularities are observed in the stationary money\ndistribution in the market, as function of the ``marginal saving propensity''\nof the agents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Molecular dynamics simulation of entanglement spreading in generalized\n  hydrodynamics: We consider a molecular dynamics method, the so-called flea gas for computing\nthe evolution of entanglement after inhomogeneous quantum quenches in an\nintegrable quantum system. In such systems the evolution of local observables\nis described at large space-time scales by the Generalized Hydrodynamics\napproach, which is based on the presence of stable, ballistically propagating\nquasiparticles. Recently it was shown that the GHD approach can be joined with\nthe quasiparticle picture of entanglement evolution, providing results for\nentanglement growth after inhomogeneous quenches. Here we apply the flea gas\nsimulation of GHD to obtain numerical results for entanglement growth. We\nimplement the flea gas dynamics for the gapped anisotropic Heisenberg XXZ spin\nchain, considering quenches from globally homogeneous and piecewise homogeneous\ninitial states. While the flea gas method applied to the XXZ chain is not exact\neven in the scaling limit (in contrast to the Lieb--Liniger model), it yields a\nvery good approximation of analytical results for entanglement growth in the\ncases considered. Furthermore, we obtain the {\\it full-time} dynamics of the\nmutual information after quenches from inhomogeneous settings, for which no\nanalytical results are available.",
        "positive": "The equilibrium landscape of the Heisenberg spin chain: We characterise the equilibrium landscape, the entire manifold of local\nequilibrium states, of an interacting integrable quantum model. Focusing on the\nisotropic Heisenberg spin chain, we describe in full generality two\ncomplementary frameworks for addressing equilibrium ensembles: the functional\nintegral Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz approach, and the lattice regularisation\ntransfer matrix approach. We demonstrate the equivalence between the two, and\nin doing so clarify several subtle features of generic equilibrium states. In\nparticular we explain the breakdown of the canonical Y-system, which reflects a\nhidden structure in the parametrisation of equilibrium ensembles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conditioning two diffusion processes with respect to their\n  first-encounter properties: We consider two independent identical diffusion processes that annihilate\nupon meeting in order to study their conditioning with respect to their\nfirst-encounter properties. For the case of finite horizon $T<+\\infty$, the\nmaximum conditioning consists in imposing the probability $P^*(x,y,T ) $ that\nthe two particles are surviving at positions $x$ and $y$ at time $T$, as well\nas the probability $\\gamma^*(z,t) $ of annihilation at position $z$ at the\nintermediate times $t \\in [0,T]$. The adaptation to various conditioning\nconstraints that are less-detailed than these full distributions is analyzed\nvia the optimization of the appropriate relative entropy with respect to the\nunconditioned processes. For the case of infinite horizon $T =+\\infty$, the\nmaximum conditioning consists in imposing the first-encounter probability\n$\\gamma^*(z,t) $ at position $z$ at all finite times $t \\in [0,+\\infty[$, whose\nnormalization $[1- S^*(\\infty )]$ determines the conditioned probability\n$S^*(\\infty ) \\in [0,1]$ of forever-survival. This general framework is then\napplied to the explicit cases where the unconditioned processes are\nrespectively two Brownian motions, two Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, or two\ntanh-drift processes, in order to generate stochastic trajectories satisfying\nvarious types of conditioning constraints. Finally, the link with the\nstochastic control theory is described via the optimization of the dynamical\nlarge deviations at Level 2.5 in the presence of the conditioning constraints\nthat one wishes to impose.",
        "positive": "Velocity-correlation distributions in granular systems: We investigate the velocity-correlation distributions after $n$ collisions of\na tagged particle undergoing binary collisions. Analytical expressions are\nobtained in any dimension for the velocity-correlation distribution after the\nfirst-collision as well as for the velocity-correlation function after an\ninfinite number of collisions, in the limit of Gaussian velocity distributions.\nIt appears that the decay of the first-collision velocity-correlation\ndistribution for negative argument is exponential in any dimension with a\ncoefficient that depends on the mass and on the coefficient of restitution. We\nalso obtained the velocity-correlation distribution when the velocity\ndistributions are not Gaussian: by inserting Sonine corrections of the velocity\ndistributions, we derive the corrections to the velocity-correlation\ndistribution which agree perfectly with a DSMC (Direct Simulation Monte Carlo)\nsimulation. We emphasize that these new quantities can be easily obtained in\nsimulations and likely in experiments: they could be an efficient probe of the\nlocal environment and of the degree of inelasticity of the collisions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Scaling Functions for Self-Avoiding Loops and Branched Polymers: It is shown that a recently conjectured form for the critical scaling\nfunction for planar self-avoiding polygons weighted by their perimeter and area\nalso follows from an exact renormalization group flow into the branched polymer\nproblem, combined with the dimensional reduction arguments of Parisi and\nSourlas. The result is generalized to higher-order multicritical points,\nyielding exact values for all their critical exponents and exact forms for the\nassociated scaling functions.",
        "positive": "Instability of defensive alliances in the predator-prey model on complex\n  networks: A model of six-species food web is studied in the viewpoint of spatial\ninteraction structures. Each species has two predators and two preys, and it\nwas previously known that the defensive alliances of three cyclically predating\nspecies self-organize in two-dimensions. The alliance-breaking transition\noccurs as either the mutation rate is increased or interaction topology is\nrandomized in the scheme of the Watts-Strogatz model. In the former case of\ntemporal disorder, via the finite-size scaling analysis the transition is\nclearly shown to belong to the two-dimensional Ising universality class. In\ncontrast, the geometric or spatial randomness for the latter case yields a\ndiscontinuous phase transition. The mean-field limit of the model is\nanalytically solved and then compared with numerical results. The dynamic\nuniversality and the temporally periodic behaviors are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple and exactly solvable model for a semiflexible polymer chain\n  interacting with a surface: We use the lattice model of directed walks to investigate the conformational\nas well as the adsorption properties of a semiflexible homopolymer chain\nimmersed in a good solvent in two and three dimensions. To account for the\nstiffness in the chain we have introduced energy barrier for each bend in the\nwalk and have calculated the persistent length as a function of this energy.\nFor the adsorption on an impenetrable surface perpendicular to the preferred\ndirection of the walk we have solved the model exactly and have found the\ncritical value of the surface attractions for the adsorption in both two and\nthree dimensions. We have also enumerated all the possible walks on square and\ncubic lattices for the number of steps N <= 30 for two-dimensions and N <= 20\nfor three dimensions and have used ratio method for extrapolation. The\ntransition located using this method is in excellent agreement with the results\nfound from the analytical method.",
        "positive": "Slow Relaxations and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics in Classical and Quantum\n  Systems: The aim of these lectures, given at the Les Houches Summer School of Physics\n\"Strongly Interacting Quantum Systems Out of Equilibrium\", is providing an\nintroduction to several important and interesting facets of out of equilibrium\ndynamics. In recent years, there has been a boost in the research on quantum\nsystems out of equilibrium. If fifteen years ago hard condensed matter and\nclassical statistical physics remained rather separate research fields, now the\nfocus on several kinds of out of equilibrium dynamics is making them closer and\ncloser. The aim of my lectures was to present to the students the richness of\nthis topic, insisting on the common concepts and showing that there is much to\ngain in considering and learning out of equilibrium dynamics as a whole\nresearch field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A queueing theory approach for a multi-speed exclusion process: We consider a one-dimensional stochastic reaction-diffusion generalizing the\ntotally asymmetric simple exclusion process, and aiming at describing single\nlane roads with vehicles that can change speed. To each particle is associated\na jump rate, and the particular dynamics that we choose (based on 3-sites\npatterns) ensures that clusters of occupied sites are of uniform jump rate.\nWhen this model is set on a circle or an infinite line, classical arguments\nallow to map it to a linear network of queues (a zero-range process in\ntheoretical physics parlance) with exponential service times, but with a twist:\nthe service rate remains constant during a busy period, but can change at\nrenewal events. We use the tools of queueing theory to compute the fundamental\ndiagram of the traffic, and show the effects of a condensation mechanism.",
        "positive": "Entropy Decay Rates for Conservative Spectral Schemes Modeling\n  Fokker-Planck-Landau Type Flows in the Mean Field Limit: The focus of this work is to create benchmark simulations of decay rates to\nstatistical equilibrium in transport plasma models for Coulomb particle\ninteractions given by a coupled Vlasov-Poisson Fokker-Planck-Landau equation,\nas well as with Maxwell type and hard sphere interactions. The qualitative\ndecay to the equilibrium Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution through relative\nentropy is studied in detail for all three types of particle interactions by\nmeans of a conservative hybrid spectral and discontinuous Galerkin scheme\nadapted from previous work. More precisely, the Coulomb case shows that there\nis a degenerate spectrum, with a decay rate close to the law of two thirds\npredicted by upper estimates in a work of Strain and Guo in 2006, while the\nMaxwell type and hard sphere examples both exhibit a spectral gap as predicted\nby Desvillettes and Villani in 2000. Such decay rate behavior indicates that\nthe analytical estimates for the Coulomb case is sharp while, still to this\ndate, there is no analytical proof of sharp degenerate spectral behaviour for\nthe Fokker-Planck-Landau operator.\n  Simulations are presented, both for the space-homogeneous case of just\nparticle potential interactions and the space-inhomogeneous case for the mean\nfield coupling through the Poisson equation for total charges in periodic\ndomains. New explicit derivations of spectral collisional weights are presented\nin the case of Maxwell type and hard sphere interactions and the stability of\nall three scenarios, including Coulomb interactions, is investigated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A basic introduction to large deviations: Theory, applications,\n  simulations: The theory of large deviations deals with the probabilities of rare events\n(or fluctuations) that are exponentially small as a function of some parameter,\ne.g., the number of random components of a system, the time over which a\nstochastic system is observed, the amplitude of the noise perturbing a\ndynamical system or the temperature of a chemical reaction. The theory has\napplications in many different scientific fields, ranging from queuing theory\nto statistics and from finance to engineering. It is also increasingly used in\nstatistical physics for studying both equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems.\nIn this context, deep analogies can be made between familiar concepts of\nstatistical physics, such as the entropy and the free energy, and concepts of\nlarge deviation theory having more technical names, such as the rate function\nand the scaled cumulant generating function. The first part of these notes\nintroduces the basic elements of large deviation theory at a level appropriate\nfor advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics, engineering,\nchemistry, and mathematics. The focus there is on the simple but powerful ideas\nbehind large deviation theory, stated in non-technical terms, and on the\napplication of these ideas in simple stochastic processes, such as sums of\nindependent and identically distributed random variables and Markov processes.\nSome physical applications of these processes are covered in exercises\ncontained at the end of each section. In the second part, the problem of\nnumerically evaluating large deviation probabilities is treated at a basic\nlevel. The fundamental idea of importance sampling is introduced there together\nwith its sister idea, the exponential change of measure. Other numerical\nmethods based on sample means and generating functions, with applications to\nMarkov processes, are also covered.",
        "positive": "Superoperator coupled cluster method for nonequilibrium density matrix: We develop a superoperator coupled cluster method for nonequilibrium open\nmany-body quantum systems described by the Lindblad master equation. The method\nis universal and applicable to systems of interacting fermions, bosons or their\nmixtures. We present a general theory and consider its application to the\nproblem of quantum transport through the system with electron-phonon\ncorrelations. The results are assessed against the perturbation theory and\nnonequilibrium configuration interaction theory calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear mean field Fokker-Planck equations. Application to the\n  chemotaxis of biological populations: We study a general class of nonlinear mean field Fokker-Planck equations in\nrelation with an effective generalized thermodynamical formalism. We show that\nthese equations describe several physical systems such as: chemotaxis of\nbacterial populations, Bose-Einstein condensation in the canonical ensemble,\nporous media, generalized Cahn-Hilliard equations, Kuramoto model, BMF model,\nBurgers equation, Smoluchowski-Poisson system for self-gravitating Brownian\nparticles, Debye-Huckel theory of electrolytes, two-dimensional turbulence...\nIn particular, we show that nonlinear mean field Fokker-Planck equations can\nprovide generalized Keller-Segel models describing the chemotaxis of biological\npopulations. As an example, we introduce a new model of chemotaxis\nincorporating both effects of anomalous diffusion and exclusion principle\n(volume filling). Therefore, the notion of generalized thermodynamics can have\napplications for concrete physical systems. We also consider nonlinear mean\nfield Fokker-Planck equations in phase space and show the passage from the\ngeneralized Kramers equation to the generalized Smoluchowski equation in a\nstrong friction limit. Our formalism is simple and illustrated by several\nexplicit examples corresponding to Boltzmann, Tsallis and Fermi-Dirac entropies\namong others.",
        "positive": "Power-Law tailed statistical distributions and Lorentz transformations: The present Letter, deals with the statistical theory [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 66},\n056125 (2002) and Phys. Rev E {\\bf 72}, 036108 (2005)], which predicts the\nprobability distribution $p(E) \\propto \\exp_{\\kappa} (-I)$, where, $I \\propto\n\\beta E -\\beta \\mu$, is the collision invariant, and\n$\\exp_{\\kappa}(x)=(\\sqrt{1+ \\kappa^2 x^2}+\\kappa x)^{1/\\kappa}$, with\n$\\kappa^2<1$. This, experimentally observed distribution, at low energies\nbehaves as the Maxwell-Boltzmann exponential distribution, while at high\nenergies presents power law tails. Here we show that the function\n$\\exp_{\\kappa}(x)$ and its inverse $\\ln_{\\kappa}(x)$, can be obtained within\nthe one-particle relativistic dynamics, in a very simple and transparent way,\nwithout invoking any extra principle or assumption, starting directly from the\nLorentz transformations. The achievements support the idea that the power law\ntailed distributions are enforced by the Lorentz relativistic microscopic\ndynamics, like in the case of the exponential distribution which follows from\nthe Newton classical microscopic dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Opinion dynamics model with weighted influence: Exit probability and\n  dynamics: We introduce a stochastic model of binary opinion dynamics in which the\nopinions are determined by the size of the neighbouring domains. The exit\nprobability here shows a step function behaviour indicating the existence of a\nseparatrix distinguishing two different regions of basin of attraction. This\nbehaviour, in one dimension, is in contrast to other well known opinion\ndynamics models where no such behaviour has been observed so far. The\ncoarsening study of the model also yields novel exponent values. A lower value\nof persistence exponent is obtained in the present model, which involves\nstochastic dynamics, when compared to that in a similar type of model with\ndeterministic dynamics. This apparently counter-intuitive result is justified\nusing further analysis. Based on these results it is concluded that the\nproposed model belongs to a unique dynamical class.",
        "positive": "Near-Surface Structural Phase Transition of SrTiO$_3$ Studied with\n  Zero-Field $\u03b2$-Detected Nuclear Spin Relaxation and Resonance: We demonstrate that zero-field $\\beta$-detected nuclear quadrupole resonance\nand spin relaxation of low energy $^8$Li can be used as a sensitive local probe\nof structural phase transitions near a surface. We find that the transition\nnear the surface of a SrTiO$_3$ single crystal occurs at $T_c \\sim 150$ K,\ni.e., 45 K higher than $T^{bulk}_c$, and that the tetragonal domains formed\nbelow $T_c$ are randomly oriented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Tsallis Parameter: The exact solution of a particular form of the stationary state generalized\nFokker-Planck equations, which is given under certain conditions by the\nclassical Tsallis distribution, is compared with the solution of the MAXENT\nequations obtained using the classical Tsallis entropy. The solutions only\nagree provided the Tsallis parameter, q, is no longer taken to be constant.",
        "positive": "Small-Angle Excess Scattering: Glassy Freezing or Local Orientational\n  Ordering?: We present Monte Carlo simulations of a dense polymer melt which shows\nglass-transition-like slowing-down upon cooling, as well as a build up of\nnematic order. At small wave vectors q this model system shows excess\nscattering similar to that recently reported for light-scattering experiments\non some polymeric and molecular glass-forming liquids. For our model system we\ncan provide clear evidence that this excess scattering is due to the onset of\nshort-range nematic order and not directly related to the glass transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical determination of the CFT central charge in the site-diluted\n  Ising model: We propose a new numerical method to determine the central charge of the\nconformal field theory models corresponding to the 2D lattice models. In this\nmethod, the free energy of the lattice model on the torus is calculated by the\nWang-Landau algorithm and then the central charge is obtained from a free\nenergy scaling with respect to the torus radii. The method is applied for\ndetermination of the central charge in the site-diluted Ising model.",
        "positive": "Stochastic discrete time crystals: Entropy production and subharmonic\n  synchronization: Discrete time crystals are periodically driven systems that display\nspontaneous symmetry breaking of time translation invariance in the form of\nindefinite subharmonic oscillations. We introduce a thermodynamically\nconsistent model for a discrete time crystal and analyze it using the framework\nof stochastic thermodynamics. In particular, we evaluate the rate of energy\ndissipation of this many body system of interacting noisy subharmonic\noscillators in contact with a heat bath. Our model displays the novel phenomena\nof subharmonic synchronization, which corresponds to collective subharmonic\noscillations of the individual units."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sequence heterogeneity and the dynamics of molecular motors: The effect of sequence heterogeneity on the dynamics of molecular motors is\nreviewed and analyzed using a set of recently introduced lattice models. First,\nwe review results for the influence of heterogenous tracks such as a\nsingle-strand of DNA or RNA on the dynamics of the motors. We stress how the\npredicted behavior might be observed experimentally in anomalous drift and\ndiffusion of motors over a wide range of parameters near the stall force and\ndiscuss the extreme limit of strongly biased motors with one-way hopping. We\nthen consider the dynamics in an environment containing a variety of different\nfuels which supply chemical energy for the motor motion, either on a\nheterogeneous or on a periodic track. The results for motion along a periodic\ntrack are relevant to kinesin motors in a solution with a mixture of different\nnucleotide triphosphate fuel sources.",
        "positive": "On the velocity distributions of the one-dimensional inelastic gas: We consider the single-particle velocity distribution of a one-dimensional\nfluid of inelastic particles. Both the freely evolving (cooling) system and the\nnon-equilibrium stationary state obtained in the presence of random forcing are\ninvestigated, and special emphasis is paid to the small inelasticity limit. The\nresults are obtained from analytical arguments applied to the Boltzmann\nequation along with three complementary numerical techniques (Molecular\nDynamics, Direct Monte Carlo Simulation Methods and iterative solutions of\nintegro-differential kinetic equations). For the freely cooling fluid, we\ninvestigate in detail the scaling properties of the bimodal velocity\ndistribution emerging close to elasticity and calculate the scaling function\nassociated with the distribution function. In the heated steady state, we find\nthat, depending on the inelasticity, the distribution function may display two\ndifferent stretched exponential tails at large velocities. The inelasticity\ndependence of the crossover velocity is determined and it is found that the\nextremely high velocity tail may not be observable at ``experimentally\nrelevant'' inelasticities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Brownian motion in ratchet potentials: We investigate the dynamics of quantum particles in a ratchet potential\nsubject to an ac force field. We develop a perturbative approach for weak\nratchet potentials and force fields. Within this approach, we obtain an\nanalytic description of dc current rectification and current reversals.\nTransport characteristics for various limiting cases -- such as the classical\nlimit, limit of high or low frequencies, and/or high temperatures -- are\nderived explicitly. To gain insight into the intricate dependence of the\nrectified current on the relevant parameters, we identify characteristic scales\nand obtain the response of the ratchet system in terms of scaling functions. We\npay a special attention to inertial effects and show that they are often\nrelevant, for example, at high temperatures. We find that the high temperature\ndecay of the rectified current follows an algebraic law with a non-trivial\nexponent, $j\\propto T^{-17/6}$.",
        "positive": "The Hintermann-Merlini-Baxter-Wu and the Infinite-Coupling-Limit\n  Ashkin-Teller Models: We show how the Hintermann-Merlini-Baxter-Wu model (which is a generalization\nof the well-known Baxter-Wu model to a general Eulerian triangulation) can be\nmapped onto a particular infinite-coupling-limit of the Ashkin-Teller model. We\nwork out some mappings among these models, also including the standard and\nmixed Ashkin-Teller models. Finally, we compute the phase diagram of the\ninfinite-coupling-limit Ashkin-Teller model on the square, triangular,\nhexagonal, and kagome lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spontaneous symmetry breaking and bifurcations in ground state fidelity\n  for quantum lattice systems: Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs in a system when its Hamiltonian\npossesses a certain symmetry, whereas the ground state wave functions do not\npreserve it. This provides such a scenario that a bifurcation, which breaks the\nsymmetry, occurs when some control parameter crosses its critical value. It is\nunveiled that the ground state fidelity per lattice site exhibits such a\nbifurcation for quantum lattice systems undergoing quantum phase transitions.\nThe significance of this result lies in the fact that the ground state fidelity\nper lattice site is \\textit{universal}, in the sense that it is\nmodel-independent, in contrast to (model-dependent) order parameters. This\nfundamental quantity may be computed by exploiting the newly-developed tensor\nnetwork algorithms on infinite-size lattices. We illustrate the scheme in terms\nof the quantum Ising model in a transverse magnetic field and the spin 1/2 XYX\nmodel in an external magnetic field on an infinite-size lattice in one spatial\ndimension.",
        "positive": "Relaxation Processes in Long-Range Lattices: The relaxation to equilibrium of lattice systems with long-range interactions\nis investigated. The timescales involved depend polynomially on the system\nsize, potentially leading to diverging equilibration times. A kinetic equation\nfor long-range lattices is proposed, which explain these timescales as well as\na threshold in the interaction range reported in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 170603\n(2013)]. Non-Markovian effects are shown to play an important role in the\nrelaxation of systems of up to thousands of particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Taming the time evolution in overdamped systems: shortcuts elaborated\n  from fast-forward and time-reversed protocols: Using a reverse-engineering approach on the time-distorted solution in a\nreference potential, we work out the external driving potential to be applied\nto a Brownian system in order to slow or accelerate the dynamics, or even to\ninvert the arrow of time. By welding a direct and time-reversed evolution\ntowards a well chosen common intermediate state, we derive analytically a\nsmooth protocol to connect two \\emph{arbitrary} states in an arbitrarily short\namount of time. Not only does the reverse-engineering approach proposed in this\nLetter contain the current -- rather limited -- catalogue of explicit protocols\nbut it also provides a systematic strategy to build the connection between\narbitrary states with a physically admissible driving. Optimization and further\ngeneralizations are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Time-dependent attractive thermal quantum force upon a Brownian free\n  particle in the large friction regime: We quantize the Brownian motion undergone by a free particle in the absence\nof inertial force (the so-called large friction regime) as described by the\ndiffusion equation early found out by Einstein in 1905. Accordingly, we are\nable to come up with a time-dependent attractive quantum force F(t) that acts\nupon the Brownian free particle as a result of quantum-mechanical thermal\nfluctuations of a heat bath consisting of a set of quantum harmonic oscillators\nhaving the same oscillation frequency /omega in thermodynamic equilibrium at\ntemperature T. More specifically, at zero temperature we predict that the\nzero-point force is given by F^((T=0)) (t)=-[\\omega/(1+2\\omegat)^(3/2)]\n\\sqrt(\\gamma/2), where \\gamma is the friction constant with dimensions of mass\nper time and /eta the Planck constant divided by 2\\pi. For evolution times\nt~1/\\omega, \\omega~0^14 Hz, /gamma~10^(-10) kg/s, and /eta~10^(-34) m^2 kg/s,\nwe find out F^((T=0)) ~10^(-8) N, which exhibits the same magnitude order as\nthe Casimir electromagnetic quantum force, for instance. Thus, we reckon that\nnovel quantum effects arising from our concept of time-dependent thermal\nquantum force F(t) may be borne out by some experimental set-up in\nnanotechnology."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fourier Acceleration of Langevin Molecular Dynamics: Fourier acceleration has been successfully applied to the simulation of\nlattice field theories for more than a decade. In this paper, we extend the\nmethod to the dynamics of discrete particles moving in continuum. Although our\nmethod is based on a mapping of the particles' dynamics to a regular grid so\nthat discrete Fourier transforms may be taken, it should be emphasized that the\nintroduction of the grid is a purely algorithmic device and that no smoothing,\ncoarse-graining or mean-field approximations are made. The method thus can be\napplied to the equations of motion of molecular dynamics (MD), or its Langevin\nor Brownian variants. For example, in Langevin MD simulations our acceleration\ntechnique permits a straightforward spectral decomposition of forces so that\nthe long-wavelength modes are integrated with a longer time step, thereby\nreducing the time required to reach equilibrium or to decorrelate the system in\nequilibrium. Speedup factors of up to 30 are observed relative to pure\n(unaccelerated) Langevin MD. As with acceleration of critical lattice models,\neven further gains relative to the unaccelerated method are expected for larger\nsystems. Preliminary results for Fourier-accelerated molecular dynamics are\npresented in order to illustrate the basic concepts. Possible extensions of the\nmethod and further lines of research are discussed.",
        "positive": "Role of geometrical symmetry in thermally activated processes in\n  clusters of interacting dipolar moments: Thermally activated magnetization decay is studied in ensembles of clusters\nof interacting dipolar moments by applying the master-equation formalism, as a\nmodel of thermal relaxation in systems of interacting single-domain\nferromagnetic particles. Solving the associated master-equation reveals a\nbreakdown of the energy barrier picture depending on the geometrical symmetry\nof structures. Deviations are most pronounced for reduced symmetry and result\nin a strong interaction dependence of relaxation rates on the memory of system\ninitialization. A simple two-state system description of an ensemble of\nclusters is developed which accounts for the observed anomalies. These results\nfollow from a semi-analytical treatment, and are fully supported by kinetic\nMonte-Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Development of Stresses in Cohesionless Poured Sand: The pressure distribution beneath a conical sandpile, created by pouring sand\nfrom a point source onto a rough rigid support, shows a pronounced minimum\nbelow the apex (`the dip'). Recent work of the authors has attempted to explain\nthis phenomenon by invoking local rules for stress propagation that depend on\nthe local geometry, and hence on the construction history, of the medium. We\ndiscuss the fundamental difference between such approaches, which lead to\nhyperbolic differential equations, and elastoplastic models, for which the\nequations are elliptic within any elastic zones present .... This displacement\nfield appears to be either ill-defined, or defined relative to a reference\nstate whose physical existence is in doubt. Insofar as their predictions depend\non physical factors unknown and outside experimental control, such\nelastoplastic models predict that the observations should be intrinsically\nirreproducible .... Our hyperbolic models are based instead on a physical\npicture of the material, in which (a) the load is supported by a skeletal\nnetwork of force chains (\"stress paths\") whose geometry depends on construction\nhistory; (b) this network is `fragile' or marginally stable, in a sense that we\ndefine. .... We point out that our hyperbolic models can nonetheless be\nreconciled with elastoplastic ideas by taking the limit of an extremely\nanisotropic yield condition.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic characteristics of the classical n-vector magnetic model\n  in three dimensions: The method of calculating the free energy and thermodynamic characteristics\nof the classical n-vector three-dimensional (3D) magnetic model at the\nmicroscopic level without any adjustable parameters is proposed. Mathematical\ndescription is perfomed using the collective variables (CV) method in the\nframework of the $\\rho^4$ model approximation. The exponentially decreasing\nfunction of the distance between the particles situated at the N sites of a\nsimple cubic lattice is used as the interaction potential. Explicit and\nrigorous analytical expressions for entropy,internal energy, specific heat near\nthe phase transition point as functions of the temperature are obtained. The\ndependence of the amplitudes of the thermodynamic characteristics of the system\nfor $T>T_c$ and $T<T_c$ on the microscopic parameters of the interaction\npotential are studied for the cases $n=1,2,3$ and $n\\to\\infty$. The obtained\nresults provide the basis for accurate analysis of the critical behaviour in\nthree dimensions including the nonuniversal characteristics of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simple universal models capture all classical spin physics: Spin models are used in many studies of complex systems---be it condensed\nmatter physics, neural networks, or economics---as they exhibit rich\nmacroscopic behaviour despite their microscopic simplicity.\n  Here we prove that all the physics of every classical spin model is\nreproduced in the low-energy sector of certain `universal models'.\n  This means that (i) the low energy spectrum of the universal model reproduces\nthe entire spectrum of the original model to any desired precision, (ii) the\ncorresponding spin configurations of the original model are also reproduced in\nthe universal model, (iii) the partition function is approximated to any\ndesired precision, and (iv) the overhead in terms of number of spins and\ninteractions is at most polynomial.\n  This holds for classical models with discrete or continuous degrees of\nfreedom.\n  We prove necessary and sufficient conditions for a spin model to be\nuniversal, and show that one of the simplest and most widely studied spin\nmodels, the 2D Ising model with fields, is universal.",
        "positive": "Spontaneous symmetry breaking and inversion-line spectroscopy in gas\n  mixtures: According to quantum mechanics chiral molecules, that is molecules that\nrotate the polarization of light, should not exist. The simplest molecules\nwhich can be chiral have four or more atoms with two arrangements of minimal\npotential energy that are equivalent up to a parity operation. Chiral molecules\ncorrespond to states localized in one potential energy minimum and can not be\nstationary states of the Schr\\\"odinger equation. A possible solution of the\nparadox can be founded on the idea of spontaneous symmetry breaking. This idea\nwas behind work we did previously involving a localization phase transition: at\nlow pressure the molecules are delocalized between the two minima of the\npotential energy while at higher pressure they become localized in one minimum\ndue to the intermolecular dipole-dipole interactions. Evidence for such a\ntransition is provided by measurements of the inversion spectrum of ammonia and\ndeuterated ammonia at different pressures. A previously proposed model gives a\nsatisfactory account of the empirical results without free parameters. In this\npaper, we extend this model to gas mixtures. We find that also in these systems\na phase transition takes place at a critical pressure which depends on the\ncomposition of the mixture. Moreover, we derive formulas giving the dependence\nof the inversion frequencies on the pressure. These predictions are susceptible\nto experimental test."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic interacting particle systems out of equilibrium: This paper provides an introduction to some stochastic models of lattice\ngases out of equilibrium and a discussion of results of various kinds obtained\nin recent years. Although these models are different in their microscopic\nfeatures, a unified picture is emerging at the macroscopic level, applicable,\nin our view, to real phenomena where diffusion is the dominating physical\nmechanism. We rely mainly on an approach developed by the authors based on the\nstudy of dynamical large fluctuations in stationary states of open systems. The\noutcome of this approach is a theory connecting the non equilibrium\nthermodynamics to the transport coefficients via a variational principle. This\nleads ultimately to a functional derivative equation of Hamilton-Jacobi type\nfor the non equilibrium free energy in which local thermodynamic variables are\nthe independent arguments. In the first part of the paper we give a detailed\nintroduction to the microscopic dynamics considered, while the second part,\ndevoted to the macroscopic properties, illustrates many consequences of the\nHamilton-Jacobi equation. In both parts several novelties are included.",
        "positive": "Random walks on complex networks with multiple resetting nodes: a\n  renewal approach: Due to wide applications in diverse fields, random walks subject to\nstochastic resetting have attracted considerable attention in the last decade.\nIn this paper, we study discrete-time random walks on complex network with\nmultiple resetting nodes. Using a renewal approach, we derive exact expressions\nof the occupation probability of the walker in each node and mean-field\nfirst-passage time between arbitrary two nodes. All the results are relevant to\nthe spectral properties of the transition matrix in the absence of resetting.\nWe demonstrate our results on circular networks, stochastic block models, and\nBarab\\'asi-Albert scale-free networks, and find the advantage of the resetting\nprocesses to multiple resetting nodes in global searching on such networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical correlations of Ising and Yang-Lee critical points from Tensor\n  RG: We examine feasibility of accurate estimations of universal critical data\nusing tensor renormalization group (TRG) algorithm introduced by Levin and\nNave. Specifically, we compute critical exponents $\\gamma, \\gamma/\\nu, \\delta,\n\\eta$ and amplitude ratio $A$ for the magnetic susceptibility from one- and\ntwo-point correlation functions for three critical points in two dimensions --\nisotropic and anisotropic Ising models and the Yang-Lee critical point at\nfinite imaginary magnetic field. While TRG performs quantitaviely well in all\nthree cases already at smaller bond dimension, $D=16$, the latter two appear to\nshow more rapid improvement in bond dimension, e.g. we are able to reproduce\nexactly known results to better than one percent at bond dimension $D=24$. We\nare able to reproduce exactly known values to better than 1 percent with modest\neffort of bond dimension 28. We comment on the relationship between these\nresults and earlier results on conformal dimensions, fixed points of tensor RG,\nand also compare computational costs of tensor renormalization vs. conventional\nMonte-Carlo sampling.",
        "positive": "Large deviations in Taylor dispersion: We establish a link between the phenomenon of Taylor dispersion and the\ntheory of empirical distributions. Using this connection, we derive, upon\napplying the theory of large deviations, an alternative and much more precise\ndescription of the long-time regime for Taylor dispersion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fermi--Pasta--Ulam--Tsingou problems: Passage from Boltzmann to\n  $q$-statistics: The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) one-dimensional Hamiltonian includes a quartic\nterm which guarantees ergodicity of the system in the thermodynamic limit.\nConsistently, the Boltzmann factor $P(\\epsilon) \\sim e^{-\\beta \\epsilon}$\ndescribes its equilibrium distribution of one-body energies, and its velocity\ndistribution is Maxwellian, i.e., $P(v) \\sim e^{- \\beta v^2/2}$. We consider\nhere a generalized system where the quartic coupling constant between sites\ndecays as $1/d_{ij}^{\\alpha}$ $(\\alpha \\ge 0; d_{ij} = 1,2,\\dots)$. Through\n{\\it first-principle} molecular dynamics we demonstrate that, for large\n$\\alpha$ (above $\\alpha \\simeq 1$), i.e., short-range interactions, Boltzmann\nstatistics (based on the {\\it additive} entropic functional $S_B[P(z)]=-k \\int\ndz P(z) \\ln P(z)$) is verified. However, for small values of $\\alpha$ (below\n$\\alpha \\simeq 1$), i.e., long-range interactions, Boltzmann statistics\ndramatically fails and is replaced by q-statistics (based on the {\\it\nnonadditive} entropic functional $S_q[P(z)]=k (1-\\int dz [P(z)]^q)/(q-1)$, with\n$S_1 = S_B$). Indeed, the one-body energy distribution is q-exponential,\n$P(\\epsilon) \\sim e_{q_{\\epsilon}}^{-\\beta_{\\epsilon} \\epsilon} \\equiv\n[1+(q_{\\epsilon} - 1) \\beta_{\\epsilon}{\\epsilon}]^{-1/(q_{\\epsilon}-1)}$ with\n$q_{\\epsilon} > 1$, and its velocity distribution is given by $P(v) \\sim\ne_{q_v}^{ - \\beta_v v^2/2}$ with $q_v > 1$. Moreover, within small error bars,\nwe verify $q_{\\epsilon} = q_v = q$, which decreases from an extrapolated value\nq $\\simeq$ 5/3 to q=1 when $\\alpha$ increases from zero to $\\alpha \\simeq 1$,\nand remains q = 1 thereafter.",
        "positive": "Group selection models in prebiotic evolution: The evolution of enzyme production is studied analytically using ideas of the\ngroup selection theory for the evolution of altruistic behavior. In particular,\nwe argue that the mathematical formulation of Wilson's structured deme model\n({\\it The Evolution of Populations and Communities}, Benjamin/Cumings, Menlo\nPark, 1980) is a mean-field approach in which the actual environment that a\nparticular individual experiences is replaced by an {\\it average} environment.\nThat formalism is further developed so as to avoid the mean-field approximation\nand then applied to the problem of enzyme production in the prebiotic context,\nwhere the enzyme producer molecules play the altruists role while the molecules\nthat benefit from the catalyst without paying its production cost play the\nnon-altruists role. The effects of synergism (i.e., division of labor) as well\nas of mutations are also considered and the results of the equilibrium analysis\nare summarized in phase diagrams showing the regions of the space of parameters\nwhere the altruistic, non-altruistic and the coexistence regimes are stable. In\ngeneral, those regions are delimitated by discontinuous transition lines which\nend at critical points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time-reversal symmetries and equilibrium-like Langevin equations: Graham has shown in Z. Physik B 26, 397-405 (1977) that a\nfluctuation-dissipation relation can be imposed on a class of non-equilibrium\nMarkovian Langevin equations that admit a stationary solution of the\ncorresponding Fokker-Planck equation. The resulting equilibrium form of the\nLangevin equation is associated with a nonequilibrium Hamiltonian. Here we\nprovide some explicit insight into how this Hamiltonian may loose its time\nreversal invariance and how the \"reactive\" and \"dissipative\" fluxes loose their\ndistinct time reversal symmetries. The antisymmetric coupling matrix between\nforces and fluxes no longer originates from Poisson brackets and the \"reactive\"\nfluxes contribute to the (\"housekeeping\") entropy production, in the steady\nstate. The time-reversal even and odd parts of the nonequilibrium Hamiltonian\ncontribute in qualitatively different but physically instructive ways to the\nentropy. We find instances where fluctuations due to noise are solely\nresponsible for the dissipation. Finally, this structure gives rise to a new,\nphysically pertinent instance of frenesy.",
        "positive": "Maximum Entropy Principle for the Microcanonical Ensemble: We derive the microcanonical ensemble from the Maximum Entropy Principle\n(MEP) using the phase space volume entropy of P. Hertz. Maximizing this entropy\nwith respect to the probability distribution with the constraints of\nnormalization and average energy, we obtain the condition of constant energy.\nThis approach is complementary to the traditional derivation of the\nmicrocanonical ensemble from the MEP using Shannon entropy and assuming a\npriori that the energy is constant which results in equal probabilities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Freezing of Polydisperse Hard Spheres: The fluid - crystal equilibria of polydisperse mixtures of hard spheres have\nbeen studied by computer simulation of the solid phase and using an accurate\nequation of state for the fluid. A new scheme has been developed to evaluate\nthe composition of crystalline phases in equilibrium with a given polydisperse\nfluid. Some common assumptions in theoretical approaches and their results are\ndiscussed on the light of the simulation results. Finally, no evidence of the\nexistence of a terminal polydispersity in the fluid phase is found for\npolydisperse hard spheres, the disagreement of this finding with previous\nmolecular simulation results is explained in terms of the inherent limitations\nof some ways of modeling the chemical potential as a function of the particle\nsize.",
        "positive": "Grain boundary pinning and glassy dynamics in stripe phases: We study numerically and analytically the coarsening of stripe phases in two\nspatial dimensions, and show that transient configurations do not achieve long\nranged orientational order but rather evolve into glassy configurations with\nvery slow dynamics. In the absence of thermal fluctuations, defects such as\ngrain boundaries become pinned in an effective periodic potential that is\ninduced by the underlying periodicity of the stripe pattern itself. Pinning\narises without quenched disorder from the non-adiabatic coupling between the\nslowly varying envelope of the order parameter around a defect, and its fast\nvariation over the stripe wavelength. The characteristic size of ordered\ndomains asymptotes to a finite value $R_g \\sim \\lambda_0\\\n\\epsilon^{-1/2}\\exp(|a|/\\sqrt{\\epsilon})$, where $\\epsilon\\ll 1$ is the\ndimensionless distance away from threshold, $\\lambda_0$ the stripe wavelength,\nand $a$ a constant of order unity. Random fluctuations allow defect motion to\nresume until a new characteristic scale is reached, function of the intensity\nof the fluctuations. We finally discuss the relationship between defect pinning\nand the coarsening laws obtained in the intermediate time regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complex networks and glassy dynamics: walks in the energy landscape: We present a simple mathematical framework for the description of the\ndynamics of glassy systems in terms of a random walk in a complex energy\nlandscape pictured as a network of minima. We show how to use the tools\ndeveloped for the study of dynamical processes on complex networks, in order to\ngo beyond mean-field models that consider that all minima are connected to each\nother. We consider several possibilities for the transition rates between\nminima, and show that in all cases the existence of a glassy phase depends on a\ndelicate interplay between the network's topology and the relationship between\nenergy and degree of a minimum. Interestingly, the network's degree\ncorrelations and the details of the transition rates do not play any role in\nthe existence (nor in the value) of the transition temperature, but have an\nimpact only on more involved properties. For Glauber or Metropolis rates in\nparticular, we find that the low-temperature phase can be further divided into\ntwo regions with different scaling properties of the average trapping time.\nOverall, our results rationalize and link the empirical findings about\ncorrelations between the energy of the minima and their degree, and should\nstimulate further investigations on this issue.",
        "positive": "Schramm-Loewner Evolution and isoheight lines of correlated landscapes: Real landscapes are usually characterized by long-range height-height\ncorrelations, which are quantified by the Hurst exponent $H$. We analyze the\nstatistical properties of the isoheight lines for correlated landscapes of\n$H\\in [-1,1]$. We show numerically that, for $H\\leq 0$ the statistics of these\nlines is compatible with $SLE$ and that established analytic results are\nrecovered for $H=-1$ and $H=0$. This result suggests that for negative $H$, in\nspite of the long-range nature of correlations, the statistics of isolines is\nfully encoded in a Brownian motion with a single parameter in the continuum\nlimit. By contrast, for positive $H$ we find that the one-dimensional time\nseries encoding the isoheight lines is not Markovian and therefore not\nconsistent with $SLE$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Numerical Method to Find the Optimal Thermodynamic Cycle in\n  Microscopic Heat Engine: Heat engines are fundamental physical objects to develop nonequilibrium\nthermodynamics. The thermodynamic performance of the heat engine is determined\nby the choice of cycle and time-dependence of parameters. Here, we propose a\nsystematic numerical method to find a heat engine cycle to optimize some target\nfunctions. We apply the method to heat engines with slowly varying parameters\nand show that the method works well. Our numerical method is based on the\ngenetic algorithm which is widely applied to various optimization problems.",
        "positive": "Complex networks from space-filling bearings: Two dimensional space-filling bearings are dense packings of disks that can\nrotate without slip. We consider the entire first family of bearings for loops\nof size four and propose a hierarchical construction of their contact network.\nWe provide analytic expressions for the clustering coefficient and degree\ndistribution, revealing bipartite scale-free behavior with tunable degree\nexponent depending on the bearing parameters. We also analyze their average\nshortest path and percolation properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free Energy Minimizers for a Two--Species Model with Segregation and\n  Liquid-Vapor Transition: We study the coexistence of phases in a two--species model whose free energy\nis given by the scaling limit of a system with long range interactions (Kac\npotentials) which are attractive between particles of the same species and\nrepulsive between different species.",
        "positive": "Heat fluctuations in a harmonic chain of active particles: One of the major challenges in stochastic thermodynamics is to compute the\ndistributions of stochastic observables for small-scale systems for which\nfluctuations play a significant role. Hitherto much theoretical and\nexperimental research has focused on systems composed of passive Brownian\nparticles. In this paper, we study the heat fluctuations in a system of\ninteracting active particles. Specifically we consider a one-dimensional\nharmonic chain of $N$ active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles, with the chain ends\nconnected to heat baths of different temperatures. We compute the\nmoment-generating function for the heat flow in the steady state. We employ our\ngeneral framework to explicitly compute the moment-generating function for two\nexample single-particle systems. Further, we analytically obtain the scaled\ncumulants for the heat flow for the chain. Numerical Langevin simulations\nconfirm the long-time analytical expressions for first and second cumulants for\nthe heat flow for a two-particle chain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Action at the distance: We present a system exhibiting giant proximity effects which parallel\nobservations in superfluid helium (Perron et al, Nature Physics V. 6, 499\n(2010)) and give a theoretical explanation of these phenomena based on the\nmesoscopic picture of phase coexistence in finite systems. Our theory is\nconfirmed by MC simulation studies. Our work demonstrates that such\naction-at-a-distance can occur in classical systems involving simple or complex\nfluids, such as colloid-polymer mixtures, or ferromagnets.",
        "positive": "Effective equilibrium picture in $xy-$model with exponentially\n  correlated noise: We study the effect of exponentially correlated noise on $xy-$model in the\nlimit of small correlation time discussing the order-disorder transition in\nmean-field and the topological transition in two dimensions. We map the steady\nstates of the non-equilibrium dynamics into an effective equilibrium theory. In\nmean-field, the critical temperature increases with the noise correlation time\n$\\tau$ indicating that memory effects promote ordering. This finding is\nconfirmed by numerical simulations. The topological transition temperature in\ntwo dimensions remains untouched. However, finite size effects induce a\ncrossover in the vortices proliferation that is confirmed by numerical\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The transfer matrix: a geometrical perspective: We present a comprehensive and self-contained discussion of the use of the\ntransfer matrix to study propagation in one-dimensional lossless systems,\nincluding a variety of examples, such as superlattices, photonic crystals, and\noptical resonators. In all these cases, the transfer matrix has the same\nalgebraic properties as the Lorentz group in a (2+1)-dimensional spacetime, as\nwell as the group of unimodular real matrices underlying the structure of the\nabcd law, which explains many subtle details. We elaborate on the geometrical\ninterpretation of the transfer-matrix action as a mapping on the unit disk and\napply a simple trace criterion to classify the systems into three types with\nvery different geometrical and physical properties. This approach is applied to\nsome practical examples and, in particular, an alternative framework to deal\nwith periodic (and quasiperiodic) systems is proposed.",
        "positive": "A Gaudin-like determinant for overlaps of N\u00e9el and XXZ Bethe states: We derive a determinant expression for overlaps of Bethe states of the XXZ\nspin chain with the N{\\'e}el state, the ground state of the system in the\nantiferromagnetic Ising limit. Our formula, of determinant form, is valid for\ngeneric system size. Interestingly, it is remarkably similar to the well-known\nGaudin formula for the norm of Bethe states, and to another recently-derived\noverlap formula appearing in the Lieb-Liniger model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Creation-annihilation processes in the ensemble of constant particle\n  number: We study, in the ensemble of constant particle number, processes in which a\ncluster of particles is annihilated and particles are created catalytically in\nactive sites. In this ensemble, particles belonging to a cluster of $\\ell$\nparticles jump to $\\ell$ distinct active sites. As examples of our\nprescription, we analyze numerically three nonequilibrium systems that\nannihilate cluster of particles that are identified as conserved versions of\nthe pair annihilation contact model, triplet annihilation contact model and\npair contact process. We show also how to set up the constant particle number\nensemble from the constant rate ensemble.",
        "positive": "Random Matrices, the Ulam Problem, Directed Polymers & Growth Models,\n  and Sequence Matching: In these lecture notes I will give a pedagogical introduction to some common\naspects of 4 different problems: (i) random matrices (ii) the longest\nincreasing subsequence problem (also known as the Ulam problem) (iii) directed\npolymers in random medium and growth models in (1+1) dimensions and (iv) a\nproblem on the alignment of a pair of random sequences. Each of these problems\nis almost entirely a sub-field by itself and here I will discuss only some\nspecific aspects of each of them. These 4 problems have been studied almost\nindependently for the past few decades, but only over the last few years a\ncommon thread was found to link all of them. In particular all of them share\none common limiting probability distribution known as the Tracy-Widom\ndistribution that describes the asymptotic probability distribution of the\nlargest eigenvalue of a random matrix. I will mention here, without\nmathematical derivation, some of the beautiful results discovered in the past\nfew years. Then, I will consider two specific models (a) a ballistic deposition\ngrowth model and (b) a model of sequence alignment known as the Bernoulli\nmatching model and discuss, in some detail, how one derives exactly the\nTracy-Widom law in these models. The emphasis of these lectures would be on how\nto map one model to another. Some open problems are discussed at the end."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on ``Critical temperature of trapped hard-sphere Bose gases'': In this comment, I discuss a recent path-integral Monte Carlo calculation by\nPearson, Pang, and Chen (Phys. Rev. A 58, 4796 (1998)). For bosons with a small\nhard-core interaction in a harmonic trap, the authors find a critical\ntemperature which does not change with respect to the non-interacting gas. The\ncalculation suffers from a serious discretization error of the many-particle\ndensity matrix.",
        "positive": "A self-interacting partially directed walk subject to a force: We consider a directed walk model of a homopolymer (in two dimensions) which\nis self-interacting and can undergo a collapse transition, subject to an\napplied tensile force. We review and interpret all the results already in the\nliterature concerning the case where this force is in the preferred direction\nof the walk. We consider the force extension curves at different temperatures\nas well as the critical-force temperature curve. We demonstrate that this model\ncan be analysed rigorously for all key quantities of interest even when there\nmay not be explicit expressions for these quantities available. We show which\nof the techniques available can be extended to the full model, where the force\nhas components in the preferred direction and the direction perpendicular to\nthis. Whilst the solution of the generating function is available, its analysis\nis far more complicated and not all the rigorous techniques are available.\nHowever, many results can be extracted including the location of the critical\npoint which gives the general critical-force temperature curve. Lastly, we\ngeneralise the model to a three-dimensional analogue and show that several key\nproperties can be analysed if the force is restricted to the plane of preferred\ndirections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum phase transition in spin systems studied through entanglement\n  estimators: Entanglement represents a pure quantum effect involving two or more\nparticles. Spin systems are good candidates for studying this effect and its\nrelation with other collective phenomena ruled by quantum mechanics. While the\npresence of entangled states can be easily verified, the quantitative estimate\nof this property is still under investigation. One of the most useful tool in\nthis framework is the concurrence whose definition, albeit limited to $S=1/2$\nsystems, can be related to the correlators. We consider quantum spin systems\ndefined along chains and square lattices, and described by Heisenberg-like\nHamiltonians: our goal is to clarify the relation between entanglement and\nquantum phase transitions, as well as that between the concurrence the and the\nspecific quantum state of the system.",
        "positive": "Extending canonical Monte Carlo methods II: Previously, we have presented a methodology to extend canonical Monte Carlo\nmethods inspired on a suitable extension of the canonical fluctuation relation\n$C=\\beta^{2}<\\delta E^{2}>$ compatible with negative heat capacities $C<0$.\nNow, we improve this methodology by introducing a better treatment of finite\nsize effects affecting the precision of a direct determination of the\nmicrocanonical caloric curve $\\beta (E) =\\partial S(E) /\\partial E$, as well as\na better implementation of MC schemes. We shall show that despite the\nmodifications considered, the extended canonical MC methods possibility an\nimpressive overcome of the so-called \\textit{super-critical slowing down}\nobserved close to the region of a temperature driven first-order phase\ntransition. In this case, the dependence of the decorrelation time $\\tau$ with\nthe system size $N$ is reduced from an exponential growth to a weak power-law\nbehavior $\\tau(N)\\propto N^{\\alpha}$, which is shown in the particular case of\nthe 2D seven-state Potts model where the exponent $\\alpha=0.14-0.18$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chiral nematic and fluctuation-induced first-order phase transitions in\n  AB-stacked kagome bilayers: We study a Heisenberg-Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Hamiltonian on AB-stacked kagome\nbilayers at finite temperature. In a large portion of the parameter space, we\nobserve three transitions upon cooling the system: a crossover from Heisenberg\nto the XY chiral paramagnet, Kosterlitz-Thouless transition to a chiral nematic\nphase, and a fluctuation-induced first-order transition to an Ising-like phase.\nWe characterize the properties of phases numerically using Monte Carlo\nfinite-size analysis. To further explain the nature of the observed phase\ntransitions, we develop an analytical coarse-graining procedure that maps the\nHamiltonian onto a generalized XY model on a triangular lattice. To leading\norder, this effective model includes both bilinear and biquadratic interactions\nand is able to correctly predict the two phase transitions. Lastly, we study\nthe Ising fluctuations at low temperatures and establish that the origin of the\nfirst-order transition stems from the quasi-degenerate ring manifold in the\nmomentum space.",
        "positive": "Mapping Nonequilibrium onto Equilibrium: The Macroscopic Fluctuations of\n  Simple Transport Models: We study a simple transport model driven out of equilibrium by reservoirs at\nthe boundaries, corresponding to the hydrodynamic limit of the symmetric simple\nexclusion process. We show that a nonlocal transformation of densities and\ncurrents maps the large deviations of the model into those of an open, isolated\nchain satisfying detailed balance, where rare fluctuations are the time\nreversals of relaxations. We argue that the existence of such a mapping is the\nimmediate reason why it is possible for this model to obtain an explicit\nsolution for the large-deviation function of densities through elementary\nchanges of variables. This approach can be generalized to the other models\npreviously treated with the macroscopic fluctuation theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unified hydrodynamic description for driven and undriven inelastic\n  Maxwell mixtures at low density: A hydrodynamic description for inelastic Maxwell mixtures driven by a\nstochastic bath with friction is derived. Contrary to previous works where\nconstitutive relations for the fluxes were restricted to states near the\nhomogeneous steady state, here the set of Boltzmann kinetic equations is solved\nby means of the Chapman--Enskog method by considering a more general\ntime-dependent reference state. Due to this choice, the transport coefficients\nare given in terms of the solutions of a set of nonlinear differential\nequations which must be in general numerically solved. The solution to these\nequations gives the transport coefficients in terms of the parameters of the\nmixture (masses, diameters, concentration, and coefficients of restitution) and\nthe time-dependent (scaled) parameter $\\xi^*$ which determines the influence of\nthe thermostat on the system. The Navier--Stokes transport coefficients are\nexactly obtained in the special cases of undriven mixtures ($\\xi^*=0$) and\ndriven mixtures under steady conditions ($\\xi^*=\\xi_\\text{st}^*$, where\n$\\xi_\\text{st}^*$ is the value of the reduced noise strength at the steady\nstate). As a complement, the results for inelastic Maxwell models (IMM) in both\nundriven and driven steady states are compared against approximate results for\ninelastic hard spheres (IHS) [Khalil and Garz\\'o, Phys. Rev. E \\textbf{88},\n052201 (2013)]. While the IMM predictions for the diffusion transport\ncoefficients show an excellent agreement with those derived for IHS,\nsignificant quantitative differences are specially found in the case of the\nheat flux transport coefficients.",
        "positive": "Kinetic theory of collisionless relaxation for systems with long-range\n  interactions: We develop the kinetic theory of collisionless relaxation for systems with\nlong-range interactions in relation to the statistical theory of Lynden-Bell.\nWe treat the multi-level case. We make the connection between the kinetic\nequation obtained from the quasilinear theory of the Vlasov equation and the\nrelaxation equation obtained from a maximum entropy production principle. We\npropose a method to close the infinite hierarchy of kinetic equations for the\nphase level moments and obtain a kinetic equation for the coarse-grained\ndistribution function in the form of a generalized Landau, Lenard-Balescu or\nKramers equation associated with a generalized form of entropy [P.H. Chavanis,\nPhysica A {\\bf 332}, 89 (2004)]. This allows us to go beyond the two-level case\nassociated with a Fermi-Dirac-type entropy. We discuss the numerous analogies\nwith two-dimensional turbulence. We also mention possible applications of the\npresent formalism to fermionic and bosonic dark matter halos."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Hierarchy of Multi-Lane \"Entropy Machines\" with Unfair Resource\n  Availability: We present a model system for objects, climbers, which have the ability to\nmove as ASEP particles with non-uniform forward and backward jumping rate\ndynamics. These climbers are implemented as Mandal-Quan-Jarzynski [1] machines.\nClimbers on a number of neighboring columns are considered. The low entropy\nresource is provided abundantly to the first column, the unused part of this\nresource is consecutively passed over to objects in neighboring columns. This\nresults in a hierarchy among the lanes. The system displays interesting\nsteady-states. Both open and periodic boundary conditions are considered and\nresults from Monte Carlo simulations of the system will be reported.\n  [1] D. Mandal, H. T. Quan, and C. Jarzynski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 030602\n(2013)",
        "positive": "Data collapse in the critical region using finite-size scaling with\n  subleading corrections: We propose a treatment of the subleading corrections to finite-size scaling\nthat preserves the notion of data collapse. This approach is used to extend and\nimprove the usual Binder cumulant analysis. As a demonstration, we present\nresults for the two- and three-dimensional classical Ising models and the\ntwo-dimensional, double-layer quantum antiferromagnet."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagram of self-attracting systems: Phase diagram of microcanonical ensembles of self-attracting particles is\nstudied for two types of short-range potential regularizations:\nself-gravitating fermions and classical particles interacting via attractive\nsoft $-(r^2+r_0^2)^{-1/2}$ Coulomb potential. When the range of regularization\nis sufficiently short, the self-attracting systems exhibit gravitational or\ncollapse-like transition. As the fermionic degeneracy or the softness radius\nincreases, the gravitational phase transition crosses over to a normal\nfirst-order phase transition, becomes second-order at a critical point, and\nfinally disappears. Applicability of a commonly used saddle-point or mean-field\napproximation and importance of metastable states is discussed.",
        "positive": "Financial multifractality and its subtleties: an example of DAX: Detailed study of multifractal characteristics of the financial time series\nof asset values and of its returns is performed using a collection of the high\nfrequency Deutsche Aktienindex data. The tail index ($\\alpha$), the Renyi\nexponents based on the box counting algorithm for the graph ($d_q$) and the\ngeneralized Hurst exponents ($H_q$) are computed in parallel for short and\ndaily return times. The results indicate a more complicated nature of the stock\nmarket dynamics than just consistent multifractal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Visco-elastic spectra of a dilute Bose fluid: A recently developed local-density current functional formalism for confined\nBose-condensed superfluids requires visco-elastic spectra which are defined\nthrough a finite-frequency extension of the dissipative coefficients entering\nthe linearized hydrodynamic equations of the two-fluid model. We evaluate these\nspectra for a superfluid with contact interactions in the collisionless regime\nat finite temperature, by working to first order beyond the Bogolubov\napproximation. We find that within this approximation all the visco-elastic\nspectra take the same value aside from simple multiplicative factors.",
        "positive": "Restricted random walk model as a new testing ground for the\n  applicability of q-statistics: We present exact results obtained from Master Equations for the probability\nfunction P(y,T) of sums $y=\\sum_{t=1}^T x_t$ of the positions x_t of a discrete\nrandom walker restricted to the set of integers between -L and L. We study the\nasymptotic properties for large values of L and T. For a set of position\ndependent transition probabilities the functional form of P(y,T) is with very\nhigh precision represented by q-Gaussians when T assumes a certain value\n$T^*\\propto L^2$. The domain of y values for which the q-Gaussian apply\ndiverges with L. The fit to a q-Gaussian remains of very high quality even when\nthe exponent $a$ of the transition probability g(x)=|x/L|^a+p with 0<p<<1 is\ndifferent from 1, all though weak, but essential, deviation from the q-Gaussian\ndoes occur for $a\\neq1$. To assess the role of correlations we compare the T\ndependence of P(y,T) for the restricted random walker case with the equivalent\ndependence for a sum y of uncorrelated variables x each distributed according\nto 1/g(x)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stripe formation instability in crossing traffic flows: At the intersection of two unidirectional traffic flows a stripe formation\ninstability is known to occur. In this paper we consider coupled time evolution\nequations for the densities of the two flows in their intersection area. We\nshow analytically how the instability arises from the randomness of the traffic\nentering the area. The Green function of the linearized equations is shown to\nform a Gaussian wave packet whose oscillations correspond to the stripes.\nExplicit formulas are obtained for various characteristic quantities in terms\nof the traffic density and comparison is made with the much simpler calculation\non a torus and with numerical solution of the evolution equations.",
        "positive": "A Continuum Generalization of the Ising Model: The Lenz-Ising model has served for almost a century as a basis for\nunderstanding ferromagnetism, and has become a paradigmatic model for phase\ntransitions in statistical mechanics. While retaining the Ising energy\narguments, we use techniques previously applied to sociophysics to propose a\ncontinuum model. Our formulation results in an integro-differential equation\nthat has several advantages over the traditional version: it allows for\nasymptotic analysis of phase transitions, material properties, and the dynamics\nof the formation of magnetic domains."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wulff shape of equilibrium crystals: The shape of an equilibrium crystal is obtained, according to the Gibbs\nthermodynamic principle, by minimizing the total surface free energy associated\nto the crystal-medium interface. To study the solution to this problem, known\nas the Wulff construction, is the object of the article.",
        "positive": "Integrable Trotterization: Local Conservation Laws and Boundary Driving: We discuss a general procedure to construct an integrable real-time\ntrotterization of interacting lattice models. As an illustrative example we\nconsider a spin-$1/2$ chain, with continuous time dynamics described by the\nisotropic ($XXX$) Heisenberg Hamiltonian. For periodic boundary conditions\nlocal conservation laws are derived from an inhomogeneous transfer matrix and a\nboost operator is constructed. In the continuous time limit these local charges\nreduce to the known integrals of motion of the Heisenberg chain. In a simple\nKraus representation we also examine the nonequilibrium setting, where our\nintegrable cellular automaton is driven by stochastic processes at the\nboundaries. We show explicitly, how an exact nonequilibrium steady state\ndensity matrix can be written in terms of a staggered matrix product ansatz.\nThis simple trotterization scheme, in particular in the open system framework,\ncould prove to be a useful tool for experimental simulations of the lattice\nmodels in terms of trapped ion and atom optics setups."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation relations in non-equilibrium stationary states of Ising\n  models: Fluctuation relations for the entropy production in non equilibrium\nstationary states of Ising models are investigated by Monte Carlo simulations.\nSystems in contact with heat baths at two different temperatures or subject to\nexternal driving will be studied. In the first case, by considering different\nkinetic rules and couplings with the baths, the behavior of the probability\ndistributions of the heat exchanged in a time $\\tau$ with the thermostats, both\nin the disordered and in the low temperature phase, are discussed. The\nfluctuation relation is always verified in the large $\\tau $ limit and\ndeviations from linear response theory are observed. Finite-$\\tau$ corrections\nare shown to obey a scaling behavior. In the other case the system is in\ncontact with a single heat bath but work is done by shearing it. Also for this\nsystem the statistics collected for the mechanical work shows the validity of\nthe fluctuation relation and preasymptotic corrections behave analogously to\nthe case with two baths.",
        "positive": "A Two-Species Exclusion Model With Open Boundaries: A use of q-deformed\n  algebra: In this paper we study an one-dimensional two-species exclusion model with\nopen boundaries. The model consists of two types of particles moving in\nopposite directions on an open lattice. Two adjacent particles swap their\npositions with rate p and at the same time they can return to their initial\npositions with rate q if they belong to the different types. Using the Matrix\nProduct Ansatz (MPA) formalism, we obtain the exact phase diagram of this model\nin restricted regions of its parameter space. It turns out that the model has\ntwo distinct phases in each region. We also obtain the exact expressions for\nthe current of particles in each phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A kinetic model for epidemic spread: We present a Boltzmann equation for mixtures of three species of particles\nreducing to the Kermack-McKendrick (SIR) equations for the time-evolution of\nthe density of infected agents in an isolated population. The kinetic model is\npotentially more detailed and might provide information on space mixing of the\nagents.",
        "positive": "Steady-state selection in multi-species driven diffusive systems: We introduce a general method to determine the large scale non-equilibrium\nsteady-state properties of one-dimensional multi-species driven diffusive\nsystems with open boundaries, generalizing thus the max-min current principle\nknown for systems with a single type of particles. This method is based on the\nsolution of the Riemann problem of the associated system of conservation laws.\nWe demonstrate that the effective density of a reservoir depends not only on\nthe corresponding boundary hopping rates but also on the dynamics of the entire\nsystem, emphasizing the interplay between bulk and reservoirs. We highlight the\nrole of Riemann variables in establishing the phase diagram of such systems. We\napply our method to three models of multi-species interacting particle systems\nand compare the theoretical predictions with numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical fluctuations and slowing down of chaos: Fluids cooled to the liquid-vapor critical point develop system-spanning\nfluctuations in density that transform their visual appearance. Despite the\nrich phenomenology of this critical point, there is not currently an\nexplanation of the underlying mechanical instability. How do structural\ncorrelations in molecular positions overcome the destabilizing force of\ndeterministic chaos in the molecular dynamics? Here, we couple techniques from\nnonlinear dynamics and statistical physics to analyze the emergence of this\nsingular state. Our numerical simulations reveal that the ordering mechanisms\nof critical dynamics are directly measurable through the hierarchy of\nspatiotemporal Lyapunov modes. A subset of unstable modes softens near the\ncritical point, with a marked suppression in their characteristic exponents\nreflecting a weakened sensitivity to initial conditions. Finite-time\nfluctuations in these exponents, however, exhibit diverging dynamical\ntimescales and power law signatures of critical dynamics. Collectively, these\nresults are symptomatic of a critical slowing down of chaos that sits at the\nroot of our statistical understanding of the singular thermodynamic responses\nat the liquid-vapor critical point.",
        "positive": "Crossover from ballistic to normal heat transport in the $\u03c6^{4}$\n  lattice: If nonconservation of momentum is the reason, what is the mechanism?: Anomalous (non-Fourier's) heat transport is no longer just a theoretical\nissue since it has been observed experimentally in a number of low-dimensional\nnanomaterials, such as SiGe nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and others. To\nunderstand these anomalous behaviors, exploring the microscopic origin of\nnormal (Fourier's) heat transport is a fascinating theoretical topic. However,\nthis issue has not yet been fully understood even for one-dimensional (1D)\nmodel chains, in spite of a great amount of thorough studies done to date. From\nthose studies it has been widely accepted that the conservation of momentum is\na key ingredient to induce anomalous heat transport, while\nmomentum-nonconserving systems usually support normal heat transport where\nFourier's law is valid. But if the nonconservation of momentum is the reason,\nwhat is the underlying microscopic mechanism for the observed normal heat\ntransport? Here we carefully revisit a typical 1D momentum-nonconserving\n$\\phi^{4}$ model and present evidence that the mobile discrete breathers or, in\nother words, the moving intrinsic localized modes with frequency components\nabove the linear phonon band can be responsible for that."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple theory for quantum quenches in the ANNNI model: In a recent numerical study by Haldar et al. (Phys. Rev. X 11, 031062) it was\nshown that signatures of proximate quantum critical points can be observed at\nearly and intermediate times after certain quantum quenches. Said work focused\nmainly on the case of the axial next-nearest neighbour Ising (ANNNI) model.\nHere we construct a simple time-dependent mean-field theory that allows us to\nobtain a quantitatively accurate description of these quenches at short times,\nwhich for reasons we explain remains a fair approximation at late times (with\nsome caveats). Our approach provides a simple framework for understanding the\nreported numerical results as well as fundamental limitations on detecting\nquantum critical points through quench dynamics. We moreover explain the origin\nof the peculiar oscillatory behaviour seen in various observables as arising\nfrom the formation of a long-lived bound state.",
        "positive": "Potts model with invisible states on a scale-free network: Different models are proposed to understand magnetic phase transitions\nthrough the prism of competition between the energy and the entropy. One of\nsuch models is a $q$-state Potts model with invisible states. This model\nintroduces $r$ invisible states such that if a spin lies in one of them, it\ndoes not interact with the rest states. We consider such a model using the mean\nfield approximation on an annealed scale-free network where the probability of\na randomly chosen vertex having a degree $k$ is governed by the power-law\n$P(k)\\propto k^{-\\lambda}$. Our results confirm that $q$, $r$ and $\\lambda$\nplay a role of global parameters that influence the critical behaviour of the\nsystem. Depending on their values, the phase diagram is divided into three\nregions with different critical behaviours. However, the topological influence,\npresented by the marginal value of $\\lambda_c(q)$, has proven to be dominant\nover the entropic influence, governed by the number of invisible states $r$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact results for quench dynamics and defect production in a\n  two-dimensional model: We show that for a d-dimensional model in which a quench with a rate\n\\tau^{-1} takes the system across a d-m dimensional critical surface, the\ndefect density scales as n \\sim 1/\\tau^{m\\nu/(z\\nu +1)}, where \\nu and z are\nthe correlation length and dynamical critical exponents characterizing the\ncritical surface. We explicitly demonstrate that the Kitaev model provides an\nexample of such a scaling with d=2 and m=\\nu=z=1. We also provide the first\nexample of an exact calculation of some multispin correlation functions for a\ntwo-dimensional model which can be used to determine the correlation between\nthe defects. We suggest possible experiments to test our theory.",
        "positive": "The frustration-free fully packed loop model: We consider a quantum fully packed loop model on the square lattice with a\nfrustration-free projector Hamiltonian and ring-exchange interactions acting on\nplaquettes. A boundary Hamiltonian is added to favour domain-wall boundary\nconditions and link ground state properties to the combinatorics and six-vertex\nmodel literature. We discuss how the boundary term fractures the Hilbert space\ninto Krylov subspaces, and we prove that the Hamiltonian is ergodic within each\nsubspace, leading to a series of energy-equidistant exact eigenstates in the\nlower end of the spectrum. Among them we systematically classify both finitely\nentangled eigenstates and product eigenstates. Using a recursion relation for\nenumerating half-plane configurations, we compute numerically the exact\nentanglement entropy of the ground state, confirming area law scaling. Finally,\nthe spectrum is shown to be gapless in the thermodynamic limit with a trial\nstate constructed by adding a twist to the ground state superposition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Potts and percolation models on bowtie lattices: We give the exact critical frontier of the Potts model on bowtie lattices.\nFor the case of $q=1$, the critical frontier yields the thresholds of bond\npercolation on these lattices, which are exactly consistent with the results\ngiven by Ziff et al [J. Phys. A 39, 15083 (2006)]. For the $q=2$ Potts model on\nthe bowtie-A lattice, the critical point is in agreement with that of the Ising\nmodel on this lattice, which has been exactly solved. Furthermore, we do\nextensive Monte Carlo simulations of Potts model on the bowtie-A lattice with\nnoninteger $q$. Our numerical results, which are accurate up to 7 significant\ndigits, are consistent with the theoretical predictions. We also simulate the\nsite percolation on the bowtie-A lattice, and the threshold is\n$s_c=0.5479148(7)$. In the simulations of bond percolation and site\npercolation, we find that the shape-dependent properties of the percolation\nmodel on the bowtie-A lattice are somewhat different from those of an isotropic\nlattice, which may be caused by the anisotropy of the lattice.",
        "positive": "Loop algorithm for classical Heisenberg models with spin-ice type\n  degeneracy: In many frustrated Ising models, a single-spin flip dynamics is frozen out at\nlow temperatures compared to the dominant interaction energy scale because of\nthe discrete \"multiple valley\" structure of degenerate ground-state manifold.\nThis makes it difficult to study low-temperature physics of these frustrated\nsystems by using Monte Carlo simulation with the standard single-spin flip\nalgorithm. A typical example is the so-called spin ice model, frustrated\nferromagnets on the pyrochlore lattice. The difficulty can be avoided by a\nglobal-flip algorithm, the loop algorithm, that enables to sample over the\nentire discrete manifold and to investigate low-temperature properties. We\nextend the loop algorithm to Heisenberg spin systems with strong easy-axis\nanisotropy in which the ground-state manifold is continuous but still retains\nthe spin-ice type degeneracy. We examine different ways of loop flips and\ncompare their efficiency. The extended loop algorithm is applied to the\nfollowing two models, a Heisenberg antiferromagnet with easy-axis anisotropy\nalong the z axis, and a Heisenberg spin ice model with the local <111>\neasy-axis anisotropy. For both models, we demonstrate high efficiency of our\nloop algorithm by revealing the low-temperature properties which were hard to\naccess by the standard single-spin flip algorithm. For the former model, we\nexamine the possibility of order-from-disorder and critically check its\nabsence. For the latter model, we elucidate a gas-liquid-solid transition,\nnamely, crossover or phase transition among paramagnet, spin-ice liquid, and\nferromagnetically-ordered ice-rule state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Near-extreme statistics of Brownian motion: We study the statistics of near-extreme events of Brownian motion (BM) on the\ntime interval [0,t]. We focus on the density of states (DOS) near the maximum\n\\rho(r,t) which is the amount of time spent by the process at a distance r from\nthe maximum. We develop a path integral approach to study functionals of the\nmaximum of BM, which allows us to study the full probability density function\n(PDF) of \\rho(r,t) and obtain an explicit expression for the moments, \\langle\n[\\rho(r,t)]^k \\rangle, for arbitrary integer k. We also study near-extremes of\nconstrained BM, like the Brownian bridge. Finally we also present numerical\nsimulations to check our analytical results.",
        "positive": "Renormalization Group Theory for the Imbalanced Fermi Gas: We formulate a wilsonian renormalization group theory for the imbalanced\nFermi gas. The theory is able to recover quantitatively well-established\nresults in both the weak-coupling and the strong-coupling (unitarity) limit. We\ndetermine for the latter case the line of second-order phase transitions of the\nimbalanced Fermi gas and in particular the location of the tricritical point.\nWe obtain good agreement with the recent experiments of Y. Shin {\\it et al}.\n[Nature {\\bf 451}, 689 (2008)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Active Brownian Motion with Directional Reversals: Active Brownian motion with intermittent direction reversals are common in a\nclass of bacteria like {\\it Myxococcus xanthus} and {\\it Pseudomonas putida}.\nWe show that, for such a motion in two dimensions, the presence of the two time\nscales set by the rotational diffusion constant $D_R$ and the reversal rate\n$\\gamma$ gives rise to four distinct dynamical regimes: (I) $t\\ll \\min\n(\\gamma^{-1}, D_R^{-1}),$ (II) $\\gamma^{-1}\\ll t\\ll D_R^{-1}$, (III) $D_R^{-1}\n\\ll t \\ll \\gamma^{-1}$, and (IV) $t\\gg \\max (\\gamma^{-1}$, $D_R^{-1})$, showing\ndistinct behaviors. We characterize these behaviors by analytically computing\nthe position distribution and persistence exponents. The position distribution\nshows a crossover from a strongly non-diffusive and anisotropic behavior at\nshort-times to a diffusive isotropic behavior via an intermediate regime (II)\nor (III). In regime (II), we show that, the position distribution along the\ndirection orthogonal to the initial orientation is a function of the scaled\nvariable $z\\propto x_{\\perp}/t$ with a non-trivial scaling function,\n$f(z)=(2\\pi^3)^{-1/2}\\Gamma(1/4+iz)\\Gamma(1/4-iz)$. Furthermore, by computing\nthe exact first-passage time distribution, we show that a novel persistence\nexponent $\\alpha=1$ emerges due to the direction reversal in this regime.",
        "positive": "Generating statistical distributions without maximizing the entropy: We show here how to use pieces of thermodynamics' first law to generate\nprobability distributions for generalized ensembles when only level-population\nchanges are involved. Such microstate occupation modifications, if properly\nconstrained via first law ingredients, can be associated not exclusively to\nheat and acquire a more general meaning."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Columnar order and Ashkin-Teller criticality in mixtures of hard-squares\n  and dimers: We show that critical exponents of the transition to columnar order in a {\\em\nmixture} of $2 \\times 1$ dimers and $2 \\times 2$ hard-squares on the square\nlattice {\\em depends on the composition of the mixture} in exactly the manner\npredicted by the theory of Ashkin-Teller criticality, including in the\nhard-square limit. This result settles the question regarding the nature of the\ntransition in the hard-square lattice gas. It also provides the first example\nof a polydisperse system whose critical properties depend on composition. Our\nideas also lead to some interesting predictions for a class of frustrated\nquantum magnets that exhibit columnar ordering of the bond-energies at low\ntemperature.",
        "positive": "Multiple quantum scar states and emergent slow-thermalization in the\n  flat-band system: Quantum many-body scars (QMBS) appear in a flat-band model with interactions\non the saw-tooth lattice. The flat-band model includes a compact support\nlocalized eigenstates, called compact localized state (CLS). Some\ncharacteristic many-body states can be constructed from the CLSs at a\nlow-filling on the flat-band. These many-body states are degenerate. Starting\nwith such degenerate states we concretely show how to construct multiple QMBSs\nwith different eigenenergies embedded in the entire spectrum. If the degeneracy\nis lifted by introducing hopping modulation or weak perturbations, these states\nlifted by these ways can be viewed as multiple QMBSs. In this work, we focus on\nthe study of the perturbation-induced QMBS. Perturbed states, which are\nconnected to the exact QMBSs in the unperturbed limit, indicate common\nproperties of conventional QMBS systems, that is, a subspace with sub-volume or\narea law scaling entanglement entropy, which indicates the violation of the\nstrong eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). Also for a specific initial\nstate, slow-thermalization dynamics appears. We numerically demonstrate these\nsubjects. The flat-band model with interactions is a characteristic example in\nnon-integrable systems with the violation of the strong ETH and the QMBS."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum relaxation and finite size effects in the XY chain in a\n  transverse field after global quenches: We consider global quenches in the quantum XY chain in a transverse field and\nstudy the nonequilibrium relaxation of the magnetization and the correlation\nfunction as well as the entanglement entropy in finite systems. For quenches in\nthe ordered phase, the exact results are well described by a semiclassical\ntheory (SCT) in terms of ballistically moving quasiparticles. In the\nthermodynamic limit the SCT is exact for the entanglement entropy and its\nmodified version following the method of Calabrese, Essler and Fagotti:\narXiv:1204.3911 is exact for the magnetization and the correlation function,\ntoo. The stationary correlation function is shown to be described by a\ngeneralized Gibbs ensemble.",
        "positive": "Comparative study of spanning cluster distributions in different\n  dimensions: The probability distributions of the masses of the clusters spanning from top\nto bottom of a percolating lattice at the percolation threshold are obtained in\nall dimensions from two to five. The first two cumulants and the exponents for\nthe universal scaling functions are shown to have simple power law variations\nwith the dimensionality. The cases where multiple spanning clusters occur are\ndiscussed separately and compared."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lower bounds on high-temperature diffusion constants from quadratically\n  extensive almost conserved operators: We prove a general theorem which provides a strict lower bound on\nhigh-temperature Green-Kubo diffusion constants in locally interacting quantum\nlattice systems, under the assumption of existence of a quadratically extensive\nalmost conserved quantity - an operator whose commutator with the lattice\nHamiltonian is localized on the boundary sites only. We explicitly demonstrate\nand compute such a bound in two important models in one dimension, namely in\nthe (isotropic) Heisenberg spin 1/2 chain and in the fermionic Hubbard chain.",
        "positive": "A new effective field theory for spin-S (S<=1) dilute Ising ferromagnets: Site diluted spin-1/2 Ising and spin-1 Blume Capel (BC) models in the\npresence of transverse field interactions are examined by introducing an\neffective-field approximation that takes into account the multi-site\ncorrelations in the cluster of a considered lattice with an improved\nconfigurational averaging technique. The critical concentration below which the\ntransition temperature reduces to zero is determined for both models, and the\nestimated values are compared with those obtained by the other methods in the\nliterature. It is found that diluting the lattice sites by non magnetic atoms\nmay cause some drastic changes on some of the characteristic features of the\nmodel. Particular attention has been paid on the global phase diagrams of a\nspin-1 BC model, and it has also been shown that the conditions for the\noccurrence of a second order reentrance in the system is rather complicated,\nsince the existence or extinction of reentrance is rather sensitive to the\ncompeting effects between D/J, \\Omega/J and c."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gibbs Paradox in the View of Information Entropy: This paper introduces the basic concepts of information theory. Based on\nthese concepts, we regard the states in the state space and the types of ideal\ngases as the symbols in a symbol set to calculate the mixing entropy of ideal\ngas involved in Gibbs Paradox. The discussion above reveals that the non-need\nfor distinguishing can resolve the contradiction of Gibbs Paradox, implying the\nintroduction of indistinguishability is not necessary. Further analysis shows\nthat the information entropy of gas molecular types does not directly correlate\nto the energy of a gas system, so it should not be used for calculating\nthermodynamic and statistical dynamic entropies. Therefore, the mixing entropy\nof the ideal gas is independent of the molecular types and is much smaller than\nthe value commonly thought.",
        "positive": "Criterions of Phase Transitions in Dispersed Multiphase Systems Based on\n  an Extended Lattice Model: Agglomeration, adsorption, and extraction in dispersed multiphase systems are\nubiquitously encountered in biological systems, energy industry, and medical\nscience. In this work, a novel lattice model is extended to the three-component\ncomplex systems and criterions based on the determinant \\Delta_i=F_i-K_c,i are\naccordingly proposed to predict the aforementioned behaviors based on a\nHelmholtz free energy formulation. Here, three characteristic factors F_i's are\nintroduced to describe the internal energy effect, i.e.,F_1=A^11+A^22-2A^12\n(agglomeration), F_2=A^22+A^13-A^12-A^23 (adsorption) and\nF_3=A^22+2A^13-A^33-2A^12 (extraction), where A_ij denotes the conservative\npotential coefficient between liquid particles in phase i and j, while the\nentropy factors K_c,i's in the determinants depend on the local structure of\nthe liquid. To verify the theoretical criterions, many-body dissipative\nparticle dynamics (mDPD) are employed to simulate the phase transition\nphenomena in various many-body dissipative systems, including agglomeration in\na binary system, adsorption on solid surfaces from the liquid phase, and\nextraction-adsorption around an immiscible liquid-liquid interface. The\nsimulation results show the notable dependence of the dispersed phase\ndistribution transition on the quasi-order parameters \\Delta_i's, which\nindicates the great potential of our model to analyzing various dispersed\nmultiphase systems. The criterions are expected to be extended to study the\nstructure effect induced by the temperature and dispersed particle shape on the\nphase transition phenomena in those complex systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From an Entropic Measure of Time to Laws of Motion: A hypothesis proposed in the paper (Entropy 2017, 19, 345) on the deductive\nformulation of a physical theory based on explicitly- and\nuniversally-introduced basic concepts is further developed. An entropic measure\nof time with a number of properties leading to an analog of the\nGalileo-Einstein relativity principle is considered. Using this measure and a\nsimple model, a kinematic law which relates time to the size and number of\nparticles of a system is obtained. Corollaries of this law are examined. In\nparticular, accelerated growth of the system size is obtained, whereas in\nsystems with constant size decrease in the number of particles is observed. An\ninteresting corollary is the emergence of repulsive and attractive forces\ninversely proportional to the square of the system size for relatively dense\nsystems and constant for systems with sufficiently low density.",
        "positive": "Long-range correlation in sheared granular fluids: The spatial correlation function of the momentum density in the\nthree-dimensional dilute sheared granular fluids is theoretically investigated.\nThe existence of the long-range correlation is verified through both the\nanalytic calculation and the numerical simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical Renormalization Group for the sub-ohmic spin-boson model: A\n  conspiracy of errors: The application of Wilson's Numerical Renormalization Group (NRG) method to\ndissipative quantum impurity models, in particular the sub-ohmic spin-boson\nmodel, has led to conclusions regarding the quantum critical behavior which are\nin disagreement with those from other methods and which are by now recognized\nas erroneous. The errors of NRG remained initially undetected because NRG\ndelivered an internally consistent set of critical exponents satisfying\nhyperscaling. Here we discuss how the conspiracy of two errors - the\nHilbert-space truncation error and the mass-flow error - could lead to this\nconsistent set of exponents. Remarkably, both errors, albeit of different\norigin, force the system to obey naive scaling laws even when the physical\nmodel violates naive scaling. In particular, we show that a combination of the\nHilbert-space truncation and mass-flow errors induce an artificial non-analytic\nterm in the Landau expansion of the free energy which dominates the critical\nbehavior for bath exponents s<1/2.",
        "positive": "Universal Earthquake-Occurrence Jumps, Correlations with Time, and\n  Anomalous Diffusion: Spatiotemporal properties of seismicity are investigated for a worldwide (WW)\ncatalog and for Southern California in the stationary case (SC), showing a\nnearly universal scaling behavior. Distributions of distances between\nconsecutive earthquakes (jumps) are magnitude independent and show two\npower-law regimes, separated by jump values about 200 km (WW) and 15 km (SC).\nDistributions of waiting times conditioned to the value of jumps show that both\nvariables are correlated in general, but turn out to be independent when only\nshort or long jumps are considered. Finally, diffusion profiles reflect the\nshape of the jump distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface Properties of a Selective Dissagregation Model: There are three fundamental physical processes that gives rise to the\nmorphology of a surface: deposition, surface diffusion and desorption. The\ncharacteristics of the interfaces generated by the combination of deposition\nand surface diffusion has been well studied during the past decades . In\nparticular for growth models, particles are added to the surface and then are\nallowed to relax by different mechanisms. Many of this models have been shown\nto lead to the formation of self-affine surfaces, characterized by scaling\nexponents. From a theoretical point of view, the studies dedicated to the\nself-affine interfaces generated by growth models can be considered to follow\ntwo main branches. The studies about the properties of discrete models and the\nstudies about continuous models. The first ones where dedicated mainly to the\nstudy of the properties of computational models in which the growth proceeds on\nan initially empty lattice representing a d-dimensional substrate. At each time\nstep, the height of the lattice sites is increased by units (usually one unit)\nrepresenting the incoming particles. Different models only differs on the\nrelaxation mechanisms proposed to capture specific experimental\ncharacteristics. Then, the models are classified according to the values of the\nscaling exponents in several universality classes.",
        "positive": "Classical many-body systems with retarded interactions: dynamical\n  irreversibility: The exact equations of motion for microscopic density of classical many-body\nsystem with account of inter-particle retarded interactions are derived. It is\nshown that interactions retardation leads to irreversible behaviour of\nmany-body systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster Analysis of the Ising Model and Universal Finite-Size Scaling: The recent progress in the study of finite-size scaling (FSS) properties of\nthe Ising model is briefly reviewed. We calculate the universal FSS functions\nfor the Binder parameter $g$ and the magnetization distribution function $p(m)$\nfor the Ising model on $L_1 \\times L_2$ two-dimensional lattices with tilted\nboundary conditions. We show that the FSS functions are universal for fixed\nsets of the aspect ratio $L_1/L_2$ and the tilt parameter. We also study the\npercolating properties of the Ising model, giving attention to the effects of\nthe aspect ratio of finite systems. We elucidate the origin of the complex\nstructure of $p(m)$ for the system with large aspect ratio by the\nmultiple-percolating-cluster argument.",
        "positive": "Generalized scaling theory for critical phenomena including essential\n  singularity and infinite dimensionality: We propose a generic scaling theory for critical phenomena that includes\npower-law and essential singularities in finite and infinite dimensional\nsystems. In addition, we clarify its validity by analyzing the Potts model in a\nsimple hierarchical network, where a saddle-node bifurcation of the\nrenormalization-group fixed point governs the essential singularity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "BKT in Phyllotaxis: We discuss a two-parameter renormalization group (RG) consideration of a\nphyllotaxis model in the framework of the ``energetic approach'' proposed by L.\nLevitov in 1991. Following L. Levitov, we consider an equilibrium distribution\nof strongly repulsive particles on the surface of a finite cylinder and study\nthe redistribution of these particles when the cylinder is squeezed along its\naxis. We construct explicitly the $\\beta$-function of a given system in terms\nof the modular Dedekind $\\eta$-function. On basis of this $\\beta$-function we\nderive the equations describing the RG flow in the vicinity of the bifurcation\npoints between different lattices. Analyzing the structure of RG equations, we\nclaim emergence of Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transitions at strong\ncompression of the cylinder.",
        "positive": "Low temperature dynamics of the one-dimensional discrete nonlinear\n  Schr\u00f6dinger equation: We study equilibrium time correlations for the discrete nonlinear\nSchr\\\"odinger equation on a one-dimensional lattice and unravel three dynamical\nregimes. There is a high temperature regime with density and energy as the only\ntwo conserved fields. Their correlations have zero velocity and spread\ndiffusively. In the low temperature regime umklapp processes are rare with the\nconsequence that phase differences appear as an additional (almost) conserved\nfield. In an approximation where all umklapp is suppressed, while the\nequilibrium state remains untouched, one arrives at an anharmonic chain. Using\nthe method of nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamics we establish that the DNLS\nequilibrium time correlations have the same signature as a generic anharmonic\nchain, in particular KPZ broadening for the sound peaks and L\\'evy 5/3\nbroadening for the heat peak. In the, so far not sharply defined, ultra-low\ntemperature regime the integrability of the dynamics becomes visible. As an\nillustration we simulate the completely integrable Ablowitz-Ladik model and\nconfirm ballistic broadening of the time correlations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phases and Transitions in the Spin-1 Bose-Hubbard Model: Systematics of\n  a Mean-field Theory: We generalize the mean-field theory for the spinless Bose-Hubbard model to\naccount for the different types of superfluid phases that can arise in the\nspin-1 case. In particular, our mean-field theory can distinguish polar and\nferromagnetic superfluids, Mott insulators which arise at integer fillings at\nzero temperature, and normal Bose liquids into which the Mott insulators evolve\nat finite temperatures. We find, in contrast to the spinless case, that several\nof the superfluid-Mott insulator transitions are first-order at finite\ntemperatures. Our systematic study yields rich phase diagrams that include,\nfirst-order and second-order transitions, and a variety of tricritical points.\nWe discuss the possibility of realizing such phase diagrams in experimental\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Tracer Particles in Two-Dimensional Elastic Networks Diffuse\n  Logarithmically Slow: Several experiments on tagged molecules or particles in living systems\nsuggest that they move anomalously slow - their mean squared displacement (MSD)\nincrease slower than linearly with time. Leading models aimed at understanding\nthese experiments predict that the MSD grows as a power law with a growth\nexponent that is smaller than unity. However, in some experiments the exponent\nis so small $(\\sim 0.1-0.2)$ that they hint towards other mechanisms at play.\nIn this paper, we theoretically demonstrate how in-plane collective modes\nexcited by thermal fluctuations in a two dimensional membrane lead to\nlogarithmic time dependence for the mean square displacement of a tracer\nparticle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Antonov problem for rotating systems: We study the classical Antonov problem (of retrieving the statistical\nequilibrium properties of a self-gravitating gas of classical particles obeying\nBoltzmann statistics in space and confined in a spherical box) for a rotating\nsystem. It is shown that a critical angular momentum $\\lambda_c$ (or, in the\ncanonical language, a critical angular velocity $\\omega_c$) exists, such that\nfor $\\lambda<\\lambda_c$ the system's behaviour is qualitatively similar to that\nof a non-rotating gas, with a high energy disordered phase and a low energy\ncollapsed phase ending with Antonov's limit, below which there is no\nequilibrium state. For $\\lambda>\\lambda_c$, instead, the low-energy phase is\ncharacterized by the formation of two dense clusters (a ``binary star'').\nRemarkably, no Antonov limit is found for $\\lambda>\\lambda_c$. The\nthermodynamics of the system (phase diagram, caloric curves, local stability)\nis analyzed and compared with the recently-obtained picture emerging from a\ndifferent type of statistics which forbids particle overlapping.",
        "positive": "Localization problem of the quasiperiodic system with the spin orbit\n  interaction: We study one dimensional quasiperiodic system obtained from the tight-binding\nmodel on the square lattice in a uniform magnetic field with the spin orbit\ninteraction. The phase diagram with respect to the Harper coupling and the\nRashba coupling are proposed from a number of numerical studies including a\nmultifractal analysis. There are four phases, I, II, III, and IV in this order\nfrom weak to strong Harper coupling. In the weak coupling phase I all the wave\nfunctions are extended, in the intermediate coupling phases II and III mobility\nedges exist, and accordingly both localized and extended wave functions exist,\nand in the strong Harper coupling phase IV all the wave functions are\nlocalized. Phase I and Phase IV are related by the duality, and phases II and\nIII are related by the duality, as well. A localized wave function is related\nto an extended wave function by the duality, and vice versa. The boundary\nbetween phases II and III is the self-dual line on which all the wave functions\nare critical. In the present model the duality does not lead to pure spectra in\ncontrast to the case of Harper equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partition of kinetic energy and magnetic moment in dissipative\n  diamagnetism: In this paper, we analyze dissipative diamagnetism, arising due to\ndissipative cyclotron motion in two dimensions, in the light of the quantum\ncounterpart of energy equipartition theorem. We consider a charged quantum\nparticle moving in a harmonic well, in the presence of a uniform magnetic\nfield, and coupled to a quantum heat bath which is taken to be composed of an\ninfinite number of independent quantum oscillators. The quantum counterpart of\nenergy equipartition theorem tells us that it is possible to express the mean\nkinetic energy of the dissipative oscillator as a two-fold average, where, the\nfirst averaging is performed over the Gibbs canonical state of the heat bath\nwhile the second one is governed by a probability distribution function\n$P_k(\\omega)$. We analyze this result further, and also demonstrate its\nconsistency in the weak-coupling limit. Following this, we compute the\nequilibrium magnetic moment of the system, and reveal an interesting connection\nwith the quantum counterpart of energy equipartition theorem. The expressions\nfor kinetic energy and magnetic moment are reformulated in the context of\nsuperstatistics, i.e. the superposition of two statistics. A comparative study\nof the present results with those obtained from the more traditional Gibbs\napproach is performed and a perfect agreement is obtained.",
        "positive": "The collective variables representation of simple fluids from the point\n  of view of statistical field theory: The collective variable representation (CV) of classical statistical systems\nsuch as simple liquids has been intensively developed by the Ukrainian school\nafter seminal works by Prof. Ihor Yukhnovskii. The basis and the structure of\nthe CV representation are reexamined here from the point of view of statistical\nfield theory and compared with another exact statistical field representation\nof liquids based upon a Hubbard-Stratonovich transform. We derive a two-loop\nexpansion for the grand potential and free energy of a simple fluid in both\nversion of the theory. The results obtained by the two approaches are shown to\ncoincide at each order of the loop expansion. The one-loop results are\nidentical to those obtained in the framework of the random phase approximation\nof the theory of liquids. However, at the second-loop level, new expressions\nfor the pressure and the free energy are obtained, yielding a new type of\napproximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling behavior of tethered crumpled manifolds with inner dimension\n  close to D=2: Resumming the perturbation theory: The field theory of self-avoiding tethered membranes still poses major\nchallenges. In this article, we report progress on the toy-model of a manifold\nrepelled by a single point. Our approach allows to sum the perturbation\nexpansion in the strength g_0 of the interaction exactly in the limit of\ninternal dimension D -> 2, yielding an analytic solution for the\nstrong-coupling limit. This analytic solution is the starting point for an\nexpansion in 2-D, which aims at connecting to the well studied case of polymers\n(D=1). We give results to fourth order in 2-D, where the dependence on g_0 is\nagain summed exactly. As an application, we discuss plaquette density\nfunctions, and propose a Monte-Carlo experiment to test our results. These\nmethods should also allow to shed light on the more complex problem of\nself-avoiding manifolds.",
        "positive": "Anomalous thermodynamics in a mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 hexagonal\n  nanowire system: The mixed spin-1/2 Ising model and spin-1 Blume-Capel model in an hexagonal\nnanowire structure under the presence of crystal field is considered. The free\nenergy is obtained through the transfer matrix technique, which is solved\nnumerically. Our main result lies in the presence of pseudo-transition in low\ntemperature region near the ferrimagnetic/ferromagnetic boundary, due to the\ninfluence of a crystal field. The evidence of a pseudo-transition is observed\nin several quantities. Free energy first derivative quantities like entropy and\ninternal energy show an abrupt but continuous jump, whereas quantities\nassociated with second derivatives of the free energy like the specific heat\nexhibit a strong sharp peak, quite similar to a second order phase transition.\nWe also investigate magnetization patterns and do not find evidence of\nspontaneous magnetization. Nevertheless, assuming a small magnetic field, we\ncan induce a magnetization which resembles a spontaneous magnetization at a\npseudo-critical temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical nature of ordered phases: origin of spontaneous symmetry\n  breaking: We investigate the nature of spontaneous symmetry breaking in complex quantum\nsystems by conjecturing that the maximally symmetry breaking quantum ground\nstates are the most classical ones corresponding to an ordered phase. We make\nthis argument quantitatively precise by showing that the ground states which\nrealize the maximum breaking of the Hamiltonian symmetries are the only ones\nthat: I) are always locally convertible, i.e. can be obtained from all other\nground states by local operations and classical communication, while the\nreverse is never possible; II) minimize the monogamy inequality for bipartite\nentanglement; III) minimize quantum correlations, as measured by the quantum\ndiscord, for all pairs of dynamical variables and are the only ground states\nfor which the pairwise quantum correlations vanish asymptotically with the\nintra-pair distance.",
        "positive": "Finite-size effects and percolation properties of Poisson geometries: Random tessellations of the space represent a class of prototype models of\nheterogeneous media, which are central in several applications in physics,\nengineering and life sciences. In this work, we investigate the statistical\nproperties of $d$-dimensional isotropic Poisson geometries by resorting to\nMonte Carlo simulation, with special emphasis on the case $d=3$. We first\nanalyse the behaviour of the key features of these stochastic geometries as a\nfunction of the dimension $d$ and the linear size $L$ of the domain. Then, we\nconsider the case of Poisson binary mixtures, where the polyhedra are assigned\ntwo `labels' with complementary probabilities. For this latter class of random\ngeometries, we numerically characterize the percolation threshold, the strength\nof the percolating cluster and the average cluster size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The noise intensity of a Markov chain: Stochastic transitions between discrete microscopic states play an important\nrole in many physical and biological systems. Often, these transitions lead to\nfluctuations on a macroscopic scale. A classic example from neuroscience is the\nstochastic opening and closing of ion channels and the resulting fluctuations\nin membrane current. When the microscopic transitions are fast, the macroscopic\nfluctuations are nearly uncorrelated and can be fully characterized by their\nmean and noise intensity. We show how, for an arbitrary Markov chain, the noise\nintensity can be determined from an algebraic equation, based on the transition\nrate matrix. We demonstrate the validity of the theory using an analytically\ntractable two-state Markovian dichotomous noise, an eight-state model for a\nCalcium channel subunit (De Young-Keizer model), and Markov models of the\nvoltage-gated Sodium and Potassium channels as they appear in a stochastic\nversion of the Hodgkin-Huxley model.",
        "positive": "Statistical Mechanics of Time Domain Ensemble Learning: Conventional ensemble learning combines students in the space domain. On the\nother hand, in this paper we combine students in the time domain and call it\ntime domain ensemble learning. In this paper, we analyze the generalization\nperformance of time domain ensemble learning in the framework of online\nlearning using a statistical mechanical method. We treat a model in which both\nthe teacher and the student are linear perceptrons with noises. Time domain\nensemble learning is twice as effective as conventional space domain ensemble\nlearning."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Momentum fluctuations in coarse grained systems: At first glance the definition of mass and momentum appears to be uniquely\ndefined. We show here, however, that this certainty can be misleading for many\ncoarse grained systems. We show that particularly the fluctuating properties of\ncommon definitions of momentum in coarse grained methods like lattice gas and\nlattice Boltzmann do not agree with a fundamental definition of momentum. In\nthe case of lattice gases, the definition of momentum will even disagree in the\nlimit of large wavelength. For short times we can give analytical\nrepresentations for the distribution of different momentum measures and thereby\ngive a full account of these differences.",
        "positive": "Brownian refrigerator: Onsager symmetry implies that a Brownian motor, driven by a temperature\ngradient, will also perform a refrigerator function upon loading. We\nanalytically calculate the corresponding heat flux for an exactly solvable\nmicroscopic model and compare it with molecular dynamics simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of the diffusive susceptible-infected-recovered model: The critical behavior of the non-diffusive susceptible-infected-recovered\nmodel on lattices had been well established in virtue of its duality symmetry.\nBy performing simulations and scaling analyses for the diffusive variant on the\ntwo-dimensional lattice, we show that diffusion for all agents, while rendering\nthis symmetry destroyed, constitutes a singular perturbation that induces\nasymptotically distinct dynamical and stationary critical behavior from the\nnon-diffusive model. In particular, the manifested crossover behavior in the\neffective mean-square radius exponents reveals that slow crossover behavior in\ngeneral diffusive multi-species reaction systems may be ascribed to the\ninterference of multiple length scales and timescales at early times.",
        "positive": "Universality in the partially anisotropic three-dimensional Ising\n  lattice: Using transfer-matrix extended phenomenological renormalization-group methods\nthe critical properties of spin-1/2 Ising model on a simple-cubic lattice with\npartly anisotropic coupling strengths ${\\vec J}=(J',J',J)$ are studied.\nUniversality of both fundamental critical exponents $y_t$ and $y_h$ is\nconfirmed. It is shown that the critical finite-size scaling amplitude ratios\n$U=A_{\\chi^{(4)}}A_\\kappa/A_\\chi^2$, $Y_1=A_{\\kappa^{''}}/A_\\chi$, and\n$Y_2=A_{\\kappa^{(4)}}/A_{\\chi^{(4)}}$ are independent of the lattice anisotropy\nparameter $\\Delta=J'/J$. By this for the last above invariant of the\nthree-dimensional Ising universality class we give the first quantitative\nestimate: $Y_2\\simeq2.013$ (shape $L\\times L\\times\\infty$, periodic boundary\nconditions in both transverse directions)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological signatures in a weakly dissipative Kitaev chain of finite\n  length: We construct a global Lindblad master equation for a Kitaev quantum wire of\nfinite length, weakly coupled to an arbitrary number of thermal baths, within\nthe Born-Markov and secular approximations. We find that the coupling of an\nexternal bath to more than one lattice site generates quantum interference\neffects, arising from the possibility of fermions to tunnel through multiple\npaths. In the presence of two baths at different temperatures and/or chemical\npotentials, the steady-state particle current can be expressed through the\nLandauer-B\\\"uttiker formula, as in a ballistic transport setup, with the\naddition of an anomaly factor associated with the presence of the $p$-wave\npairing in the Kitaev Hamiltonian. Such a factor is affected by the\nground-state properties of the chain, being related to the finite-size\nequivalent of its Pfaffian topological invariant.",
        "positive": "Enhanced Sampling Algorithms: In biomolecular systems (especially all-atom models) with many degrees of\nfreedom such as proteins and nucleic acids, there exist an astronomically large\nnumber of local-minimum-energy states. Conventional simulations in the\ncanonical ensemble are of little use, because they tend to get trapped in\nstates of these energy local minima. Enhanced conformational sampling\ntechniques are thus in great demand. A simulation in generalized ensemble\nperforms a random walk in potential energy space and can overcome this\ndifficulty. From only one simulation run, one can obtain canonical-ensemble\naverages of physical quantities as functions of temperature by the\nsingle-histogram and/or multiple-histogram reweighting techniques. In this\narticle we review uses of the generalized-ensemble algorithms in biomolecular\nsystems. Three well-known methods, namely, multicanonical algorithm, simulated\ntempering, and replica-exchange method, are described first. Both Monte Carlo\nand molecular dynamics versions of the algorithms are given. We then present\nvarious extensions of these three generalized-ensemble algorithms. The\neffectiveness of the methods is tested with short peptide and protein systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vertex dynamics in finite two dimensional square spin ices: Local magnetic ordering in artificial spin ices is discussed from the point\nof view of how geometrical frustration controls dynamics and the approach to\nsteady state. We discuss the possibility of using a particle picture based on\nvertex configurations to interpret time evolution of magnetic configurations.\nAnalysis of possible vertex processes allows us to anticipate different\nbehaviors for open and closed edges and the existence of different field\nregimes. Numerical simulations confirm these results and also demonstrate the\nimportance of correlations and long range interactions in understanding\nparticle population evolution. We also show that a mean field model of vertex\ndynamics gives important insights into finite size effects.",
        "positive": "Electromagnetic gauge-freedom and work: We argue that the definition of the thermodynamic work done on a charged\nparticle by a time-dependent electromagnetic field is an open problem, because\nthe particle's Hamiltonian is not gauge-invariant. The solution of this problem\ndemands accounting for the source of the field. Hence we focus on the work done\nby a heavy body (source) on a lighter particle when the interaction between\nthem is electromagnetic and relativistic. The work can be defined via the\ngauge-invariant kinetic energy of the source. We uncover a formulation of the\nfirst law (or the generalized work-energy theorem) which is derived from\nrelativistic dynamics, has definite validity conditions, and relates the work\nto the particle's Hamiltonian in the Lorenz gauge. Thereby the thermodynamic\nwork also relates to the mechanic work done by the Lorentz force acting on the\nsource. The formulation of the first law is based on a specific separation of\nthe overall energy into those of the source, particle and electromagnetic\nfield. This separation is deduced from a consistent energy-momentum tensor.\nHence it holds relativistic covariance and causality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality of temperature distribution in granular gas mixtures with a\n  steep particle size distribution: Distribution of granular temperatures in granular gas mixtures is\ninvestigated analytically and numerically. We analyze space uniform systems in\na homogeneous cooling state (HCS) and under a uniform heating with a\nmass-dependent heating rate $\\Gamma_k\\sim m_k^{\\gamma}$. We demonstrate that\nfor steep size distributions of particles the granular temperatures obey a\nuniversal power-law distribution, $T_k \\sim m_k^{\\alpha}$, where the exponent\n$\\alpha$ does not depend on a particular form of the size distribution, the\nnumber of species and inelasticity of the grains. Moreover, $\\alpha$ is a\nuniversal constant for a HCS and depends piecewise linearly on $\\gamma$ for\nheated gases. The predictions of our scaling theory agree well with the\nnumerical results.",
        "positive": "Phase instability and coarsening in two dimensions: Instabilities and pattern formation is the rule in nonequilibrium systems.\nSelection of a persistent lengthscale, or coarsening (increase of the\nlengthscale with time) are the two major alternatives. When and under which\nconditions one dynamics prevails over the other is a longstanding problem,\nparticularly beyond one dimension. It is shown that the challenge can be defied\nin two dimensions, using the concept of phase diffusion equation. We find that\ncoarsening is related to the \\lambda-dependence of a suitable phase diffusion\ncoefficient, D_{11}(\\lambda), depending on lattice symmetry and conservation\nlaws. These results are exemplified analytically on prototypical nonlinear\nequations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deviation from the Fourier law in room-temperature heat pulse\n  experiments: We report heat pulse experiments at room temperature that cannot be described\nby Fourier's law. The experimental data is modelled properly by the\nGuyer--Krumhansl equation, in its over-diffusion regime. The phenomenon is due\nto conduction channels with differing conductivities, and parallel to the\ndirection of the heat flux.",
        "positive": "The effective potential, critical point scaling and the renormalization\n  group: The desirability of evaluating the effective potential in field theories near\na phase transition has been recognized in a number of different areas. We show\nthat recent Monte Carlo simulations for the probability distribution for the\norder parameter in an equilibrium Ising system, when combined with low-order\nrenormalization group results for an ordinary $\\phi^4$ system, can be used to\nextract the effective potential. All scaling features are included in the\nprocess."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum quenches and Generalized Gibbs Ensemble in a Bethe Ansatz\n  solvable lattice model of interacting bosons: We consider quantum quenches in the so-called $q$-boson lattice model. We\nargue that the Generalized Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis holds in this\nmodel, therefore the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE) gives a valid description\nof the stationary states in the long time limit. For a special class of initial\nstates (which are the pure Fock states in the local basis) we are able to\nprovide the GGE predictions for the resulting root densities. We also give\npredictions for the long-time limit of certain local operators. In the\n$q\\to\\infty$ limit the calculations simplify considerably, the wave functions\nare given by Schur polynomials and the overlaps with the initial states can be\nwritten as simple determinants. In two cases we prove rigorously that the GGE\nprediction for the root density is correct. Moreover, we calculate the exact\ntime dependence of a physical observable (the one-site Emptiness Formation\nProbability) for the quench starting from the state with exactly one particle\nper site. In the long-time limit the GGE prediction is recovered.",
        "positive": "Sensitivity of solid phase stability to the interparticle potential\n  range: studies of a new Lennard-Jones like model: In a recent article, Wang et al (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 22, 10624 (2020))\nintroduced a new class of interparticle potential for molecular simulations.\nThe potential is defined by a single range parameter, eliminating the need to\ndecide how to truncate truly long-range interactions like the Lennard-Jones\n(LJ) potential. The authors explored the phase diagram for a particular value\nof the range parameter for which their potential is similar in shape to the LJ\n12-6 potential. We have reevaluated the solid phase behaviour of this model\nusing both Lattice Switch Monte Carlo and thermodynamic integration. In\naddition to finding that the boundary between hexagonal close packed (hcp) and\nface centred cubic (fcc) phases presented by Wang et al was calculated\nincorrectly, we show that owing to its finite range, the new potential exhibits\nseveral 'artifact' reentrant transitions between hcp and fcc phases. The\nartifact phases, which do not occur in the full (untruncated) LJ system, are\nalso found for typically adopted forms of the truncated and shifted LJ\npotential. However, whilst in the latter case one can systematically\ninvestigate and correct for the effects of the finite range on the calculated\nphase behaviour, this is not possible for the new potential because the choice\nof range parameter affects the entire potential shape. Our results highlight\nthat potentials with finite range may fail to represent the crystalline phase\nbehaviour of systems with long-range dispersion interactions, even\nqualitatively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Active Brownian Particles and Run-and-Tumble Particles: a Comparative\n  Study: Active Brownian particles (ABPs) and Run-and-Tumble particles (RTPs) both\nself-propel at fixed speed $v$ along a body-axis ${\\bf u}$ that reorients\neither through slow angular diffusion (ABPs) or sudden complete randomisation\n(RTPs). We compare the physics of these two model systems both at microscopic\nand macroscopic scales. Using exact results for their steady-state distribution\nin the presence of external potentials, we show that they both admit the same\neffective equilibrium regime perturbatively that breaks down for stronger\nexternal potentials, in a model-dependent way. In the presence of collisional\nrepulsions such particles slow down at high density: their propulsive effort is\nunchanged, but their average speed along ${\\bf u}$ becomes $v(\\rho) < v$. A\nfruitful avenue is then to construct a mean-field description in which\nparticles are ghost-like and have no collisions, but swim at a variable speed\n$v$ that is an explicit function or functional of the density $\\rho$. We give\nnumerical evidence that the recently shown equivalence of the fluctuating\nhydrodynamics of ABPs and RTPs in this case, which we detail here, extends to\nmicroscopic models of ABPs and RTPs interacting with repulsive forces.",
        "positive": "Matter wave solitons at finite temperatures: We consider the dynamics of a dark soliton in an elongated harmonically\ntrapped Bose-Einstein condensate. A central question concerns the behavior at\nfinite temperatures, where dissipation arises due to the presence of a thermal\ncloud. We study this problem using coupled Gross-Pitaevskii and $N$-body\nsimulations, which include the mean field coupling between the condensate and\nthermal cloud. We find that the soliton decays relatively quickly even at very\nlow temperatures, with the decay rate increasing with rising temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the derivation of power-law distributions within classical\n  statistical mechanics far from the thermodynamic limit: We show that within classical statistical mechanics without taking the\nthermodynamic limit, the most general Boltzmann factor for the canonical\nensemble is a q-exponential function. The only assumption here is that\nmicrocanonical distributions have to be separable from of the total system\nenergy, which is the prerequisite for any sensible measurement. We derive that\nall separable distributions are parametrized by a mathematical separation\nconstant Q which can be related to the non-extensivity q-parameter in Tsallis\ndistributions. We further demonstrate that nature fixes the separation constant\nQ to 1 for large dimensionality of Gibbs Gamma-phase space. Our results will be\nrelevant for systems with a low-dimensional Gamma-space, for example\nnanosystems, comprised of a small number of particles or for systems with a\ndimensionally collapsed phase space, which might be the case for a large class\nof complex systems.",
        "positive": "Equipartition and Virial theorems in a nonextensive optimal Lagrange\n  multipliers scenario: We revisit some topics of classical thermostatistics from the perspective of\nthe nonextensive optimal Lagrange multipliers (OLM), a recently introduced\ntechnique for dealing with the maximization of Tsallis' information measure. It\nis shown that Equipartition and Virial theorems can be reproduced by Tsallis'\nnonextensive formalism independently of the value of the nonextensivity index."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Three-body problem in Fermi gases with short-range interparticle\n  interaction: We discuss 3-body processes in ultracold two-component Fermi gases with\nshort-range intercomponent interaction characterized by a large and positive\nscattering length $a$. It is found that in most cases the probability of 3-body\nrecombination is a universal function of the mass ratio and $a$, and is\nindependent of short-range physics. We also calculate the scattering length\ncorresponding to the atom-dimer interaction.",
        "positive": "Structural Fluctuation of Protein in Water around Its Native State: A\n  New Statistical Mechanics Formulation: A new statistical mechanics formulation of characterizing the structural\nfluctuation of protein correlated with that of water is presented based on the\ngeneralized Langevin equation and the 3D-RISM/RISM theory of molecular liquids.\nThe displacement vector of atom positions and their conjugated momentum, are\nchosen for the dynamic variables for protein, while the density fields of atoms\nand their momentum fields are chosen for water. Projection of other degrees of\nfreedom onto those dynamic variables using the standard projection operator\nmethod produces essentially two equations which describe the time evolution of\nfluctuation concerning the density field of solvent and the conformation of\nprotein around an equilibrium state, which are coupled with each other. The\nequation concerning the protein dynamics is formally akin to that of the\ncoupled Langevin oscillators, and is a generalization of the latter, to atomic\nlevel. The most intriguing feature of the new equation is that it contains the\nvariance-covariance matrix as the \"Hessian\" term describing the \"force\"\nrestoring an equilibrium conformation, which is the second moment of the\nfluctuation of atom positions. The \"Hessian\" matrix is naturally identified as\nthe second derivative of the free energy surface around the equilibrium. A\nmethod to evaluate the Hessian matrix based on the 3D-RISM/RISM theory is\nproposed. Proposed also is an application of the present formulation to the\nmolecular recognition, in which the conformational fluctuation of protein\naround its native state becomes an important factor as exemplified by so called\n\"induced fitting\"."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature Steerable Flows and Boltzmann Generators: Boltzmann generators approach the sampling problem in many-body physics by\ncombining a normalizing flow and a statistical reweighting method to generate\nsamples in thermodynamic equilibrium. The equilibrium distribution is usually\ndefined by an energy function and a thermodynamic state. Here we propose\ntemperature-steerable flows (TSF) which are able to generate a family of\nprobability densities parametrized by a choosable temperature parameter. TSFs\ncan be embedded in generalized ensemble sampling frameworks to sample a\nphysical system across multiple thermodynamic states.",
        "positive": "Transport in a highly asymmetric binary fluid mixture: We present molecular dynamics calculations of the thermal conductivity and\nviscosities of a model colloidal suspension with colloidal particles roughly\none order of magnitude larger than the suspending liquid molecules. The results\nare compared with estimates based on the Enskog transport theory and effective\nmedium theories (EMT) for thermal and viscous transport. We find, in\nparticular, that EMT remains well applicable for predicting both the shear\nviscosity and thermal conductivity of such suspensions when the colloidal\nparticles have a ``typical'' mass, i.e. much larger than the liquid molecules.\nVery light colloidal particles on the other hand yield higher thermal\nconductivities, in disagreement with EMT. We also discuss the consequences of\nthese results to some proposed mechanisms for thermal conduction in\nnanocolloidal suspensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chaotic Behaviour of Renormalisation Flow in a Complex Magnetic Field: It is demonstrated that decimation of the one dimensional Ising model, with\nperiodic boundary conditions, results in a non-linear renormalisation\ntransformation for the couplings which can lead to chaotic behaviour when the\ncouplings are complex. The recursion relation for the couplings under\ndecimation is equivalent to the logistic map, or more generally the Mandelbrot\nmap. In particular an imaginary external magnetic field can give chaotic\ntrajectories in the space of couplings. The magnitude of the field must be\ngreater than a minimum value which tends to zero as the critical point T=0 is\napproached, leading to a gap equation and associated critical exponent which\nare identical to those of the Lee-Yang edge singularity in one dimension.",
        "positive": "Effect of Long-Range Interaction on the Critical Behavior of\n  Three-Dimensional Disordered Systems: A field-theoretical description of the behavior of a disordered Ising system\nwith long-range interaction is presented. The description is performed in the\ntwo-loop approximation in three dimensions using the Pade-Borel resummation\ntechnique. The renormalization group equations are analyzed, and the fixed\npoints determining the critical behavior of the system are found. It is shown\nthat the effect of frozen structural defects on a system with long-range\ninteraction may cause a change in its critical behavior or smearing of the\nphase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipative dynamics in isolated quantum spin chains after a local\n  quench: We provide numerical evidence that after a local quench in an isolated\ninfinite quantum spin chain, the quantum state locally relaxes to the ground\nstate of the post-quenched Hamiltonian, i.e. dissipates. This is a consequence\nof the unitary quantum dynamics. A mechanism similar to the eigenstate\nthermalization hypothesis is shown to be responsible for the dissipation\nobserved. We also demonstrate that integrability obstructs dissipation. The\nnumerical simulations are done directly in the thermodynamic limit with a\ntime-evolution algorithm based on matrix product states. The area law of\nentanglement entropy is observed to hold after the local quench. As a result,\nthe simulations can be performed for long times with small bond dimensions.\nVarious local quenches on the Ising chain and the three-state Potts chain are\nstudied.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Entropy and Chaos in a Discrete Hydrodynamical System: We show that the thermodynamic entropy density is proportional to the largest\nLyapunov ex- ponent (LLE) of a discrete hydrodynamical system, a deterministic\ntwo-dimensional lattice gas automaton. The definition of the LLE for cellular\nautomata is based on the concept of Boolean derivatives and is formally\nequivalent to that of continuous dynamical systems. This relation is jus-\ntified using a Markovian model. In an irreversible process with an initial\ndensity difference between both halves of the system, we find that Boltzmann's\nH function is linearly related to the expansion factor of the LLE, although the\nlatter is more sensitive to the presence of traveling waves."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Range-controlled random walks: We introduce range-controlled random walks with hopping rates depending on\nthe range $\\mathcal{N}$, that is, the total number of previously distinct\nvisited sites. We analyze a one-parameter class of models with a hopping rate\n$\\mathcal{N}^a$ and determine the large time behavior of the average range, as\nwell as its complete distribution in two limit cases. We find that the behavior\ndrastically changes depending on whether the exponent $a$ is smaller, equal, or\nlarger than the critical value, $a_d$, depending only on the spatial dimension\n$d$. When $a>a_d$, the forager covers the infinite lattice in a finite time.\nThe critical exponent is $a_1=2$ and $a_d=1$ when $d\\geq 2$. We also consider\nthe case of two foragers who compete for food, with hopping rates depending on\nthe number of sites each visited before the other. Surprising behaviors occur\nin 1d where a single walker dominates and finds most of the sites when $a>1$,\nwhile for $a<1$, the walkers evenly explore the line. We compute the gain of\nefficiency in visiting sites by adding one walker.",
        "positive": "KPZ models: height-gradient fluctuations and the tilt method: When a growing interface belonging to the KPZ universality class is tilted\nwith average slope $m$, its average velocity increases in\n$\\frac{\\Lambda}{2}\\,m^2$, where $\\Lambda$ is related to the nonlinear\ncoefficient $\\lambda$ of the KPZ equation. Nevertheless, a necessary condition\nfor this association to hold true is that the mean square height-gradient\nincreases in $b\\, m^2$ when the interface is tilted. For the continuous KPZ\nequation $b = 1$ and the relation $\\Lambda=\\lambda$ is achieved. In this work,\nwe study the local fluctuations of the height gradient through an analysis of\nthe values of $b$. We show that, for 1-dimensional discrete KPZ models, $b$ has\na power-law dependence with the discretization step $s$ chosen to calculate the\nheight gradient and $b$ goes to $1$ as $s$ increases. Its power-law exponent\n$\\gamma_b$ matches the exponent associated with the finite-size corrections of\nthe interface average velocity, $\\textit{i.e.}$ $\\gamma_b=2(\\zeta-1)$, where\n$\\zeta$ is the global roughness exponent. We also show how, for restricted\n(unrestricted) growth models, the value of $b$ goes to $1$ from below (above)\nas $s$ increases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic free energy at elevated temperatures and hysteresis of magnetic\n  particles: We derive a free energy for weakly anisotropic ferromagnets which is valid in\nthe whole temperature range and interpolates between the micromagnetic energy\nat zero temperature and the Landau free energy near the Curie point T_c. This\nfree energy takes into account the change of the magnetization length due to\nthermal effects, in particular, in the inhomogeneous states. As an\nillustration, we study the thermal effect on the Stoner-Wohlfarth curve and\nhysteresis loop of a ferromagnetic nanoparticle assuming that it is in a\nsingle-domain state. Within this model, the saddle point of the particle's free\nenergy, as well as the metastability boundary, are due to the change in the\nmagnetization length sufficiently close to T_c, as opposed to the usual\nhomogeneous rotation process at lower temperatures.",
        "positive": "Persistence in Ferromagnetic Ordering: Dependence upon initial\n  configuration: We study the dynamics of ordering in ferromagnets via Monte Carlo simulations\nof the Ising model, employing the Glauber spin-flip mechanism, in space\ndimensions $d=2$ and $3$. Results for the persistence probability and the\ndomain growth are discussed for quenches to various temperatures ($T_f$) below\nthe critical one ($T_{c}$), from different initial temperatures $T_{i} \\geq\nT_{c}$. In long time limit, for $T_{i} > T_{c}$, the persistence probability\nexhibits power-law decay with exponents $\\theta \\simeq 0.22$ and $\\simeq 0.18$\nin $d=2$ and $3$, respectively. For finite $T_i$, the early time behavior is a\ndifferent power-law whose life-time diverges and exponent decreases as $T_{i}\n\\rightarrow T_{c}$. The crossover length between the two steps diverges as the\nequilibrium correlation length. $T_i=T_c$ is expected to provide a {\\it{new\nuniversality class}} for which we obtain $\\theta \\simeq 0.035$ in $d=2$ and\n$\\simeq 0.10$ in $d=3$. The time dependence of the average domain size $\\ell$,\nhowever, is observed to be rather insensitive to the choice of $T_i$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality in driven Potts models: We study the stochastic dynamics of infinitely many globally interacting\n$q$-state units on a ring that is externally driven. While repulsive\ninteractions always lead to uniform occupations, attractive interactions give\nrise to much richer phenomena: We analytically characterize a Hopf bifurcation\nwhich separates a high-temperature regime of uniform occupations from a\nlow-temperature one where all units coalesce into a single state. For odd $q$\nbelow the critical temperature starts a synchronization regime which ends via a\nsecond phase transition at lower temperatures, while for even $q$ this\nintermediate phase disappears. We find that interactions have no effects except\nbelow critical temperature for attractive interactions. A thermodynamic\nanalysis reveals that the dissipated work is reduced in this regime, whose\ntemperature range is shown to decrease as $q$ increases. The $q$-dependence of\nthe power-efficiency trade-off is also analyzed.",
        "positive": "Energy fluctuation and discontinuity of specific heat: Specific heat per particle ($c_v$) of an ideal gas, in many occasions, is\ninterpreted as energy fluctuation per particle ($\\triangle\\epsilon^2$) of the\nideal gas through the relation: $\\triangle\\epsilon^2=kT^2c_v$, where $k$ is the\nBoltzmann constant and $T$ is the temperature. This relationship is true only\nin the classical limit, and deviates significantly in the quantum degenerate\nregime. We have analytically explored quantum to classical crossover of this\nrelationship, in particular, for 3-D free Bose and Fermi gases. We also have\nexplored the same for harmonically trapped cases. We have obtained a hump of\n$\\triangle\\epsilon^2/kT^2c_v^{(\\text{cl})}$ around the condensation point for\n3-D harmonically trapped Bose gas. We have discussed the possibility of\noccurring phase transition with discontinuity of heat capacity from existence\nof such a hump for other Bose and Fermi systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generic behaviours in impact fragmentation: We present a simple numerical model for investigating the general properties\nof fragmentation. By use of molecular dynamics simulations, we study the impact\nfragmentation of a solid disk of interacting particles with a wall. Regardless\nof the particular form of the interaction potential, the fragment size\ndistribution exhibits a power law behaviour with an exponent that increases\nlogarithmically with the energy deposited in the system, in agreement with\nexperiments. We expect this behaviour to be generic in fragmentation phenomena.",
        "positive": "Exploiting bias in optimal finite-time copying protocols: We study a finite-time cyclic copy protocol that creates persisting\ncorrelations between a memory and a data bit. The average work to copy the two\nstates of the data bit consists of the mutual information created between the\nmemory and data bit after copying, a cost due to the difference between the\ninitial and final states of the memory bit, and a finite-time cost. At low copy\nspeeds, the optimal initial distribution of the memory bit matches the bias in\nthe expected outcome, set by the bias in the data bit and the copying\naccuracies. However, if both states of the data are copied with the same\naccuracy, then in the high-speed regime copying the unlikely data bit state\nbecomes prohibitively costly with a biased memory; the optimal initial\ndistribution is then pushed towards 50:50. Copying with unequal accuracies, at\nfixed copy-generated mutual information, yields an opposite yet more effective\nstrategy. Here, the initial memory distribution becomes increasingly biased as\nthe copy speed increases, drastically lowering the work and raising the maximum\nspeed. This strategy is so effective that it induces a symmetry breaking\ntransition for an unbiased data bit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The critical catastrophe revisited: The neutron population in a prototype model of nuclear reactor can be\ndescribed in terms of a collection of particles confined in a box and\nundergoing three key random mechanisms: diffusion, reproduction due to\nfissions, and death due to absorption events. When the reactor is operated at\nthe critical point, and fissions are exactly compensated by absorptions, the\nwhole neutron population might in principle go to extinction because of the\nwild fluctuations induced by births and deaths. This phenomenon, which has been\nnamed critical catastrophe, is nonetheless never observed in practice: feedback\nmechanisms acting on the total population, such as human intervention, have a\nstabilizing effect. In this work, we revisit the critical catastrophe by\ninvestigating the spatial behaviour of the fluctuations in a confined geometry.\nWhen the system is free to evolve, the neutrons may display a wild patchiness\n(clustering). On the contrary, imposing a population control on the total\npopulation acts also against the local fluctuations, and may thus inhibit the\nspatial clustering. The effectiveness of population control in quenching\nspatial fluctuations will be shown to depend on the competition between the\nmixing time of the neutrons (i.e., the average time taken for a particle to\nexplore the finite viable space) and the extinction time.",
        "positive": "Transition rates of non-interacting quantum particles from the Widom\n  insertion formula: Transition rates among different states in a system of non-interacting\nquantum particles in contact with a heat reservoir include the factor $1\\mp\n\\bar{n}_i$, with a minus sign for fermions and a plus sign for bosons, where\n$\\bar{n}_i$ is the average occupation number of the final state. It is shown\nthat this factor can be related to the difference of the chemical potential\nfrom that of an ideal classical mixture; this difference is formally equivalent\nto the excess chemical potential in a classical system of interacting\nparticles. Using this analogy, Widom's insertion formula is used in the\ncalculation of transition rates. The result allows an alternative derivation of\nquantum statistics from the condition that transition rates depend only on the\nnumber of particles in the target energy level. Instead, if transition rates\ndepend on the particle number only in the origin level, the statistics of\newkons is obtained; this is an exotic statistics that can be applied to the\ndescription of dark energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density functional theory study of the nematic-isotropic transition in\n  an hybrid cell: We have employed the Density Functional Theory formalism to investigate the\nnematic-isotropic capillary transitions of a nematogen confined by walls that\nfavor antagonist orientations to the liquid crystal molecules (hybrid cell). We\nanalyse the behavior of the capillary transition as a function of the\nfluid-substrate interactions and the pore width. In addition to the usual\ncapillary transition between isotropic-like to nematic-like states, we find\nthat this transition can be suppressed when one substrate is wet by the\nisotropic phase and the other by the nematic phase. Under this condition the\nsystem presents interface-like states which allow to continuously transform the\nnematic-like phase to the isotropic-like phase without undergoing a phase\ntransition. Two different mechanisms for the disappearance of the capillary\ntransition are identified. When the director of the nematic-like state is\nhomogeneously planar-anchored with respect to the substrates, the capillary\ntransition ends up in a critical point. This scenario is analogous to the\nobserved in Ising models when confined in slit pores with opposing surface\nfields which have critical wetting transitions. When the nematic-like state has\na linearly distorted director field, the capillary transition continuously\ntransforms in a transition between two nematic-like states.",
        "positive": "Synchronization of Discrete Oscillators on Ring Lattices and Small-World\n  Networks: A lattice of three-state stochastic phase-coupled oscillators introduced by\nWood it et al. exhibits a phase transition at a critical value of the coupling\nparameter $a$, leading to stable global oscillations (GO). On a complete graph,\nupon further increase in $a$, the model exhibits an infinite-period (IP) phase\ntransition, at which collective oscillations cease and discrete rotational\n($C_3$) symmetry is broken. In the case of large negative values of the\ncoupling, Escaff et al. discovered the stability of travelling-wave states with\nno global synchronization but with local order. Here, we verify the IP phase in\nsystems with long-range coupling but of lower connectivity than a complete\ngraph and show that even for large positive coupling, the system sometimes\nfails to reach global order. The ensuing travelling-wave state appears to be a\nmetastable configuration whose birth and decay (into the previously described\nphases) are associated with the initial conditions and fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Generalized Epidemic Process and Tricritical Dynamic Percolation: The renowned general epidemic process describes the stochastic evolution of a\npopulation of individuals which are either susceptible, infected or dead. A\nsecond order phase transition belonging to the universality class of dynamic\nisotropic percolation lies between endemic or pandemic behavior of the process.\nWe generalize the general epidemic process by introducing a fourth kind of\nindividuals, viz. individuals which are weakened by the process but not yet\ninfected. This sensibilization gives rise to a mechanism that introduces a\nglobal instability in the spreading of the process and therefore opens the\npossibility of a discontinuous transition in addition to the usual continuous\npercolation transition. The tricritical point separating the lines of first and\nsecond order transitions constitutes a new universality class, namely the\nuniversality class of tricritical dynamic isotropic percolation. Using\nrenormalized field theory we work out a detailed scaling description of this\nuniversality class. We calculate the scaling exponents in an\n$\\epsilon$-expansion below the upper critical dimension $d_{c}=5$ for various\nobservables describing tricritical percolation clusters and their spreading\nproperties. In a remarkable contrast to the usual percolation transition, the\nexponents $\\beta$ and ${\\beta}^{\\prime}$ governing the two order parameters,\nviz. the mean density and the percolation probability, turn out to be different\nat the tricritical point. In addition to the scaling exponents we calculate for\nall our static and dynamic observables logarithmic corrections to the\nmean-field scaling behavior at $d_c=5$.",
        "positive": "Power law decay of entanglement quantifiers in a single agent to a many\n  body system coupling: Manipulating many body quantum systems is a challenge. A useful way to\nachieve it would be to entangle the system to a diluted system, with a small\nparticle number. Preparation of such entangled states can be facilitated as\nground state of a many body Hamiltonian or the steady state of a many body open\nquantum system. Here we study two-site lattice models with a conserved boson\nnumber, biased to display a large occupancy in one of the sites. The Von\nNeumann entanglement entropy as well as the Logarithmic negativity show a\ntypical power law decay in $R$, the occupancy ratio between the two sites.\nThese results imply that it is feasible to entangle a large many body system to\na single atom, as recently reported experimentally."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microreversibility and driven Brownian motion with hydrodynamic\n  long-time correlations: A nonequilibrium fluctuation theorem is established for a colloidal particle\ndriven by an external force within the hydrodynamic theory of Brownian motion,\ndescribing hydrodynamic memory effects such as the t^(-3/2) power-law decay of\nthe velocity autocorrelation function. The generalized Langevin equation is\nobtained for the general case of slip boundary conditions between the particle\nand the fluid. The Gaussian probability distributions for the particle to\nevolve in position-velocity space are deduced. It is proved that the joint\nprobability distributions of forward and time-reversed paths have a ratio\ndepending only on the work performed by the external force and the fluid\ntemperature, in spite of the nonMarkovian character of the generalized Langevin\nprocess.",
        "positive": "Folding of the triangular lattice in a discrete three-dimensional space:\n  Crumpling transitions in the negative-bending-rigidity regime: Folding of the triangular lattice in a discrete three-dimensional space is\nstudied numerically. Such ``discrete folding'' was introduced by Bowick and\nco-workers as a simplified version of the polymerized membrane in thermal\nequilibrium. According to their cluster-variation method (CVM) analysis, there\nappear various types of phases as the bending rigidity K changes in the range\n-infty < K < infty. In this paper, we investigate the K<0 regime, for which the\nCVM analysis with the single-hexagon-cluster approximation predicts two types\nof (crumpling) transitions of both continuous and discontinuous characters. We\ndiagonalized the transfer matrix for the strip widths up to L=26 with the aid\nof the density-matrix renormalization group. Thereby, we found that\ndiscontinuous transitions occur successively at K=-0.76(1) and -0.32(1).\nActually, these transitions are accompanied with distinct hysteresis effects.\nOn the contrary, the latent-heat releases are suppressed considerably as\nQ=0.03(2) and 0.04(2) for respective transitions. These results indicate that\nthe singularity of crumpling transition can turn into a weak-first-order type\nby appreciating the fluctuations beyond a meanfield level."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Diffusion of particles with inertia in external potentials: Recently a new type of Kramers-Fokker-Planck Equation has been proposed [R.\nFriedrich et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 96}, 230601 (2006)] describing anomalous\ndiffusion in external potentials. In the present paper the explicit cases of a\nharmonic potential and a velocity-dependend damping are incorporated. Exact\nrelations for moments for these cases are presented and the asymptotic\nbehaviour for long times is discussed. Interestingly the bounding potential and\nthe additional damping by itself lead to a subdiffussive behaviour, while\nacting together the particle becomes localized for long times.",
        "positive": "First Order Phase Transition in the 3-dimensional Blume-Capel Model on a\n  Cellular Automaton: The first order phase transition of the three-dimensional Blume Capel are\ninvestigated using cooling algorithm which improved from Creutz Cellular\nAutomaton for the $D/J=2.9$ parameter value in the first order phase transition\nregion. The analysis of the data using the finite-size effect and the histogram\ntechnique indicate that the magnetic susceptibility maxima and the specific\nheat maxima increase with the system volume ($L^{d}$) at $% D/J=2.9$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Potential and Flux Decomposition for Dynamical Systems and\n  Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics: Curvature, Gauge Field and Generalized\n  Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem: The driving force of the dynamical system can be decomposed into the gradient\nof a potential landscape and curl flux (current). The fluctuation-dissipation\ntheorem (FDT) is often applied to near equilibrium systems with detailed\nbalance. The response due to a small perturbation can be expressed by a\nspontaneous fluctuation. For non-equilibrium systems, we derived a generalized\nFDT that the response function is composed of two parts: (1) a spontaneous\ncorrelation representing the relaxation which is present in the near\nequilibrium systems with detailed balance; (2) a correlation related to the\npersistence of the curl flux in steady state, which is also in part linked to a\ninternal curvature of a gauge field. The generalized FDT is also related to the\nfluctuation theorem. In the equal time limit, the generalized FDT naturally\nleads to non-equilibrium thermodynamics where the entropy production rate can\nbe decomposed into spontaneous relaxation driven by gradient force and house\nkeeping contribution driven by the non-zero flux that sustains the\nnon-equilibrium environment and breaks the detailed balance.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium relaxation analysis of a quasi-one-dimensional frustrated\n  XY model for charge-density waves in ring-shaped crystals: We propose a model for charge density waves in ring shaped crystals, which\ndepicts frustration between intra- and inter-chain couplings coming from\ncylindrical bending. It is then mapped to a three dimensional uniformly\nfrustrated XY model with one dimensional anisotropy in connectivity. The\nnonequilibrium relaxation dynamics is investigated by Monte Carlo simulations\nto find a phase transition which is quite different from that of usual whisker\ncrystal. We also find that the low temperature state is a three dimensional\nphase vortex lattice with a two dimensional phase coherence in a cylindrical\nshell and the system shows power law relaxation in the ordered phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A note on limit shapes of minimal difference partitions: We provide a variational derivation of the limit shape of minimal difference\npartitions and discuss the link with exclusion statistics. Also see\narXiv:0707.2312 for a related paper.",
        "positive": "Entropy production in a generalized breathing parabola model: exact path\n  integral calculations: Models of particle dynamics based on Brownian motion and its variants are a\nrich source of insights into the stochastic behaviour of complex condensed\nphase systems. In this paper we use one such variant - a breathing parabola\nwith an additive time-dependent term b(t) - as a non-trivial and previously\nunexplored model system for the verification of the integral fluctuation\ntheorem (IFT). We demonstrate the IFT's applicability to this system within the\nframework of an exact path integral calculation. As a by-product of the\ncalculation, we also show that in the limit b(t) equals to zero, where the\nmodel is representative of the solution dynamics of a colloid trapped in a\nharmonic potential with a time-dependent spring constant a(t), the mean of the\ntotal entropy production del S_tot can be obtained in closed form as a function\nof a(t). This result is expected to be relevant to the study of colloidal heat\nengines and other cyclically operating molecular machines. While del_S tot\nconforms to the IFT (and therefore assumes both positive and negative values),\nits mean is shown to increase monotonically with time, as required by the\nsecond law of thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-perturbative corrections to mean-field behavior: spherical model on\n  spider-web graph: We consider the spherical model on a spider-web graph. This graph is\neffectively infinite-dimensional, similar to the Bethe lattice, but has loops.\nWe show that these lead to non-trivial corrections to the simple mean-field\nbehavior. We first determine all normal modes of the coupled springs problem on\nthis graph, using its large symmetry group. In the thermodynamic limit, the\nspectrum is a set of $\\delta$-functions, and all the modes are localized. The\nfractional number of modes with frequency less than $\\omega$ varies as $\\exp\n(-C/\\omega)$ for $\\omega$ tending to zero, where $C$ is a constant. For an\nunbiased random walk on the vertices of this graph, this implies that the\nprobability of return to the origin at time $t$ varies as $\\exp(- C' t^{1/3})$,\nfor large $t$, where $C'$ is a constant. For the spherical model, we show that\nwhile the critical exponents take the values expected from the mean-field\ntheory, the free-energy per site at temperature $T$, near and above the\ncritical temperature $T_c$, also has an essential singularity of the type\n$\\exp[ -K {(T - T_c)}^{-1/2}]$.",
        "positive": "Unconventional scaling at non-Hermitian critical points: Critical phase transitions contain a variety of deep and universal physics,\nand are intimately tied to thermodynamic quantities through scaling relations.\nYet, these notions are challenged in the context of non-Hermiticity, where\nspatial or temporal divergences render the thermodynamic limit ill-defined. In\nthis work, we show that a thermodynamic grand potential can still be defined in\npseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians, and can be used to characterize aspects of\ncriticality unique to non-Hermitian systems. Using the non-Hermitian\nSu-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model as a paradigmatic example, we demonstrate the\nfractional order of topological phase transitions in the complex energy plane.\nThese fractional orders add up to the integer order expected of a Hermitian\nphase transition when the model is doubled and Hermitianized. More\nspectacularly, gap preserving highly degenerate critical points known as\nnon-Bloch band collapses possess fractional order that are not constrained by\nconventional scaling relations, testimony to the emergent extra length scale\nfrom the skin mode accumulation. Our work showcases that a thermodynamic\napproach can prove fruitful in revealing unconventional properties of\nnon-Hermitian critical points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling quasi-stationary states in long range systems with dissipation: Hamiltonian systems with long-range interactions give rise to long lived out\nof equilibrium macroscopic states, so-called quasi-stationary states. We show\nhere that, in a suitably generalized form, this result remains valid for many\nsuch systems in the presence of dissipation. Using an appropriate mean-field\nkinetic description, we show that models with dissipation due to a viscous\ndamping or due to inelastic collisions admit \"scaling quasi-stationary states\",\ni.e., states which are quasi-stationary in rescaled variables. A numerical\nstudy of one dimensional self-gravitating systems confirms both the relevance\nof these solutions, and gives indications of their regime of validity in line\nwith theoretical predictions. We underline that the velocity distributions\nnever show any tendency to evolve towards a Maxwell-Boltzmann form.",
        "positive": "Decay of Metastable States: Sharp Transition from Quantum to Classical\n  Behavior: The decay rate of metastable states is determined at high temperatures by\nthermal activation, whereas at temperatures close to zero quantum tunneling is\nrelevant. At some temperature $T_{c}$ the transition from classical to\nquantum-dominated decay occurs. The transition can be first-order like, with a\ndiscontinuous first derivative of the Euclidean action, or smooth with only a\nsecond derivative developing a jump. In the former case the crossover\ntemperature $T_{c}$ cannot be calculated perturbatively and must be found as\nthe intersection point of the Euclidean actions calculated at low and high\ntemperatures. In this paper we present a sufficient criterion for a first-order\ntransition in tunneling problems and apply it to the problem of the tunneling\nof strings. It is shown that the problem of the depinning of a massive string\nfrom a linear defect in the presence of an arbitrarily strong dissipation\nexhibits a first-order transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Point tension in adsorption at a chemically inhomogeneous substrate in\n  two dimensions: We study adsorption of liquid at a one-dimensional substrate composed of a\nsingle chemical inhomogeneity of width $2L$ placed on an otherwise homogeneous,\nplanar, solid surface. The excess point free energy $\\eta (L,T)$ associated\nwith the adsorbed layer's inhomogeneity induced by the substrate's chemical\nstructure is calculated within exact continuum transfer-matrix approach. It is\nshown that the way $\\eta (L,T)$ varies with $L$ depends sensitively on the\ntemperature regime. It exhibits logarithmic divergence as a function of $L$ in\nthe limit $L\\to\\infty$ for temperatures such that the chemical inhomogeneity is\ncompletely wetted by the liquid. In the opposite case $\\eta (L,T)$ converges\nfor large $L$ to $2\\eta_0$, where $\\eta_0$ is the corresponding point tension,\nand the dominant $L$-dependent correction to $2\\eta_0$ decays exponentially.\nThe interaction between the liquid layer inhomogeneities at $-L$ and $L$ for\nthe two temperature regimes is discussed and compared to earlier mean-field\ntheory predictions.",
        "positive": "Crossover scaling from classical to nonclassical critical behavior: We study the crossover between classical and nonclassical critical behaviors.\nThe critical crossover limit is driven by the Ginzburg number G. The\ncorresponding scaling functions are universal with respect to any possible\nmicroscopic mechanism which can vary G, such as changing the range or the\nstrength of the interactions. The critical crossover describes the unique flow\nfrom the unstable Gaussian to the stable nonclassical fixed point. The scaling\nfunctions are related to the continuum renormalization-group functions. We show\nthese features explicitly in the large-N limit of the O(N) phi^4 model. We also\nshow that the effective susceptibility exponent is nonmonotonic in the\nlow-temperature phase of the three-dimensional Ising model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Zero-variance principle for Monte Carlo algorithms: We present a general approach to greatly increase at little cost the\nefficiency of Monte Carlo algorithms. To each observable to be computed we\nassociate a renormalized observable (improved estimator) having the same\naverage but a different variance. By writing down the zero-variance condition a\nfundamental equation determining the optimal choice for the renormalized\nobservable is derived (zero-variance principle for each observable separately).\nWe show, with several examples including classical and quantum Monte Carlo\ncalculations, that the method can be very powerful.",
        "positive": "Field-theoretic approach to the universality of branching processes: Branching processes are widely used to model phenomena from networks to\nneuronal avalanching. In a large class of continuous-time branching processes,\nwe study the temporal scaling of the moments of the instant population size,\nthe survival probability, expected avalanche duration, the so-called avalanche\nshape, the $n$-point correlation function and the probability density function\nof the total avalanche size. Previous studies have shown universality in\ncertain observables of branching processes using probabilistic arguments,\nhowever, a comprehensive description is lacking. We derive the field theory\nthat describes the process and demonstrate how to use it to calculate the\nrelevant observables and their scaling to leading order in time, revealing the\nuniversality of the moments of the population size. Our results explain why the\nfirst and second moment of the offspring distribution are sufficient to fully\ncharacterise the process in the vicinity of criticality, regardless of the\nunderlying offspring distribution. This finding implies that branching\nprocesses are universal. We illustrate our analytical results with computer\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ergodic properties of quantum conservative systems: In this paper we discuss the ergodic properties of quantum conservative\nsystems by analyzing the behavior of two different models. Despite their\nintrinsic differencies they both show localization effects in analogy to the\ndynamical localization found in Kicked Rotator.",
        "positive": "Form of the exact partition function for the generalized Ising Model: The problem of N interacting spins on a lattice is equivalent to one of N\nclusters linked in a specific manner. The energy of any configuration of spins\ncan be expressed in terms of the energy levels of this cluster. A new\nexpression is obtained for the probability of occurrence of any configuration.\nA closed form expression is obtained for the partition function per spin in\nterms of the energy levels of this cluster with the degeneracies being a\nfunction of temperature. On physical grounds it is suggested to be the form of\nthe exact partition function per spin. The partition functions of Ising-like\nsystems all have a common form. For the 3D Ising model seven functions need to\nbe determined to describe the partition function completely. The key to\nunderstanding second order phase transitions and critical phenomena lies in the\ntemperature dependence of various degeneracies. It is necessary to develop new\ntechniques to determine the partition function that account for this\ntemperature dependence, as it would represent the underlying physics correctly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structure and Isotropy of Lattice Pressure Tensors for Multi-range\n  Potentials: We systematically analyze the tensorial structure of the lattice pressure\ntensors for a class of multi-phase lattice Boltzmann models (LBM) with\nmulti-range interactions. Due to lattice discrete effects, we show that the\nbuilt-in isotropy properties of the lattice interaction forces are not\nnecessarily mirrored in the corresponding lattice pressure tensor. This finding\nopens a different perspective for constructing forcing schemes, achieving the\ndesired isotropy in the lattice pressure tensors via a suitable choice of\nmulti-range potentials. As an immediate application, the obtained LBM forcing\nschemes are tested via numerical simulations of non-ideal equilibrium\ninterfaces and are shown to yield weaker and less spatially extended spurious\ncurrents with respect to forcing schemes obtained by forcing isotropy\nrequirements only. From a general perspective, the proposed analysis yields an\napproach for implementing forcing symmetries, never explored so far in the\nframework of the Shan-Chen method for LBM. We argue this will be beneficial for\nfuture studies of non-ideal interfaces.",
        "positive": "Revisiting the phase diagram of hard ellipsoids: In this work the well-known Frenkel-Mulder phase diagram of hard ellipsoids\nof revolution [Mol. Phys. 55, 1171 (1985)] is revisited by means of replica\nexchange Monte Carlo simulations. The method provides good sampling of dense\nsystems and so, solid phases can be accessed without the need of imposing a\ngiven structure. At high densities, we found plastic solids and fcc-like\ncrystals for semi-spherical ellipsoids (prolates and oblates), and SM2\nstructures [Phys. Rev. E 75, 020402 (2007)] for x:1-prolates and 1:x-oblates\nwith x>=3. The revised fluid-crystal and isotropic-nematic transitions\nreasonably agree with those presented in the Frenkel-Mulder diagram. An\ninteresting result is that, for small system sizes (100 particles), we obtained\n2:1 and 1.5:1-prolate equations of state without transitions, while some order\nis developed at large densities. Furthermore, the symmetric oblate cases are\nalso reluctant to form ordered phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Loop erased random walk on a percolation cluster is compatible with\n  Schramm-Loewner evolution: We study the scaling limit of planar loop erased random walk (LERW) on the\npercolation cluster, with occupation probability $p\\geq p_c$. We numerically\ndemonstrate that the scaling limit of planar LERW$_p$ curves, for all $p>p_c$,\ncan be described by Schramm-Loewner Evolution (SLE) with a single parameter\n$\\kappa$ which is close to normal LERW in Euclidean lattice. However our\nresults reveal that the LERW on critical incipient percolation clusters is\ncompatible with SLE, but with another diffusivity coefficient $\\kappa$. Several\ngeometrical tests are applied to ascertain this. All calculations are\nconsistent with $\\mathrm{SLE}_{\\kappa}$, where $\\kappa=1.732\\pm0.016$. This\nvalue of the diffusivity coefficient is outside of the well-known duality range\n$2\\leq \\kappa\\leq 8$. We also investigate how the winding angle of the LERW$_p$\ncrosses over from {\\it Euclidean} to {\\it fractal} geometry by gradually\ndecreasing the value of the parameter $p$ from 1 to $p_c$. For finite systems,\ntwo crossover exponents and a scaling relation can be derived. We believe that\nthis finding should, to some degree, help us to understand and predict the\nexistence of conformal invariance in disordered and fractal landscapes.",
        "positive": "Preface: Long-range Interactions and Synchronization: Spontaneous synchronization is a general phenomenon in which a large\npopulation of coupled oscillators of diverse natural frequencies self-organize\nto operate in unison. The phenomenon occurs in physical and biological systems\nover a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, e.g., in electrochemical and\nelectronic oscillators, Josephson junctions, laser arrays, animal flocking,\npedestrians on footbridges, audience clapping, etc. Besides the obvious\nnecessity of the synchronous firings of cardiac cells to keep the heart\nbeating, synchrony is desired in many man-made systems such as parallel\ncomputing, electrical power-grids. On the contrary, synchrony could also be\nhazardous, e.g., in neurons, leading to impaired brain function in Parkinson's\ndisease and epilepsy. Due to this wide range of applications, collective\nsynchrony in networks of oscillators has attracted the attention of physicists,\napplied mathematicians and researchers from many other fields. An essential\naspect of synchronizing systems is that long-range order naturally appear in\nthese systems, which questions the fact whether long-range interactions may be\nparticular suitable to synchronization. In this context, it is interesting to\nremind that long-range interacting system required several adaptations from\nstatistical mechanics \\`a la Gibbs Boltzmann, in order to deal with the\npeculiarities of these systems: negative specific heat, breaking of ergodicity\nor lack of extensivity. As for synchrony, it is still lacking a theoretical\nframework to use the tools from statistical mechanics. The present issue\npresents a collection of exciting recent theoretical developments in the field\nof synchronization and long-range interactions, in order to highlight the\nmutual progresses of these twin areas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Giant amplification of noise in fluctuation-induced pattern formation: The amplitude of fluctuation-induced patterns might be expected to be\nproportional to the strength of the driving noise, suggesting that such\npatterns would be difficult to observe in nature. Here, we show that a large\nclass of spatially-extended dynamical systems driven by intrinsic noise can\nexhibit giant amplification, yielding patterns whose amplitude is comparable to\nthat of deterministic Turing instabilities. The giant amplification results\nfrom the interplay between noise and non-orthogonal eigenvectors of the linear\nstability matrix, yielding transients that grow with time, and which, when\ndriven by the ever-present intrinsic noise, lead to persistent large amplitude\npatterns. This mechanism provides a robust basis for fluctuation-induced\nbiological pattern formation based on the Turing mechanism, without requiring\nfine tuning of diffusion constants.",
        "positive": "Renormalization group analysis of the M-p-spin glass model with p=3 and\n  M=3: We study an M-p-spin spin glass model with p=3 and M=3 in three dimensions\nusing the Migdal-Kadanoff renormalization group approximation (MKA). In this\nversion of the p-spin model, there are three (M=3) Ising spins on each site. At\nmean-field level, this model is known to have two transitions; a dynamical\ntransition and a thermodynamic one at a lower temperature. The dynamical\ntransition is similar to the mode-coupling transition in glasses, while the\nthermodynamic transition possibly describes what happens at the Kauzmann\ntemperature. We find that all the coupling constants in the model flow under\nthe MKA to the high-temperature sink implying that the mean-field features\ndisappear in three dimensions and that there is no transition in this model.\nThe behavior of the coupling constant flow is qualitatively similar to that of\nthe model with p=3 and M=2, for which only a single transition is predicted at\nthe mean-field level. We conclude that for p-spin models in three dimensions,\nfluctuation effects completely remove all traces of their mean-field behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards the microscopic foundation of the zeroth law of thermodynamics: The dynamics of free vibrations of a chain of atoms is investigated taking\ninto account the retardation of interactions. It is shown that all oscillations\nof the circuit are damped. The dynamics of forced vibrations of this chain of\natoms is investigated. It is shown that, regardless of the initial conditions,\nthe system passes into a stationary state of dynamic equilibrium with an\nexternal field, which depends both on the properties of the system and on the\nparameters of the external field. A non-statistical dynamic mechanism of the\nprocess of irreversible establishment of the state of thermodynamic equilibrium\nin both many-body and few-body systems is proposed.",
        "positive": "A Path Integral Way to Option Pricing: An efficient computational algorithm to price financial derivatives is\npresented. It is based on a path integral formulation of the pricing problem.\nIt is shown how the path integral approach can be worked out in order to obtain\nfast and accurate predictions for the value of a large class of options,\nincluding those with path-dependent and early exercise features. As examples,\nthe application of the method to European and American options in the\nBlack-Scholes model is illustrated. A particularly simple and fast\nsemi-analytical approximation for the price of American options is derived. The\nresults of the algorithm are compared with those obtained with the standard\nprocedures known in the literature and found to be in good agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Biased Diffusion with Correlated Noise: The diffusion of hard-core particles subject to a global bias is described by\na nonlinear, anisotropic generalization of the diffusion equation with\nconserved, local noise. Using renormalization group techniques, we analyze the\neffect of an additional noise term, with spatially long-ranged correlations, on\nthe long-time, long-wavelength behavior of this model. Above an upper critical\ndimension $d_{LR}$, the long-ranged noise is always relevant. In contrast, for\n$d<d_{LR}$, we find a ``weak noise'' regime dominated by short-range noise. As\nthe range of the noise correlations increases, an intricate sequence of\nstability exchanges between different fixed points of the renormalization group\noccurs. Both smooth and discontinuous crossovers between the associated\nuniversality classes are observed, reflected in the scaling exponents. We\ndiscuss the necessary techniques in some detail since they are applicable to a\nmuch wider range of problems.",
        "positive": "Reentrant transitions of a mixed-spin Ising model on the diced lattice: Magnetic behaviour of a mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising model on the diced\nlattice is studied by the use of an exact star-triangle mapping transformation.\nIt is found that the uniaxial as well as biaxial single-ion anisotropy acting\non the spin-1 sites may potentially cause a reentrant transition with two\nconsecutive critical points. Contrary to this, the effect of\nnext-nearest-neighbour interaction between the spin-1/2 sites possibly leads to\na reentrant transition with three critical temperatures in addition to the one\nwith two critical points only. The shape of the total magnetization versus\ntemperature dependence is particularly investigated for the case of\nferrimagnetically ordered system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality in Incompressible Active Fluid: Effect of Non-local Shear\n  Stress: Phase transitions in active fluids attracted significant attention within the\nlast decades. Recent results show [L. Chen et al., New J. Phys. 17, 042002\n(2015)] that an order-disorder phase transition in incompressible active fluids\nbelongs to a new universality class. In this work, we further investigate this\ntype of phase transition and focus on the effect of long-range interactions.\nThis is achieved by introducing a non-local shear stress into the hydrodynamic\ndescription, which leads to superdiffusion of the velocity field, and can be\nviewed as a result of the active particles performing Levy walks. The universal\nproperties in the critical region are derived by performing a perturbative\nrenormalization group analysis of the corresponding response functional within\nthe one-loop approximation. We show that the effect of non-local shear stress\ndecreases the upper critical dimension of the model, and can lead to the\nirrelevance of the active fluid self-advection with the resulting model\nbelonging to an unusual 'long-range Model A' universality class not reported\nbefore. Moreover, when the degree of non-locality is sufficiently high all\nnon-linearities become irrelevant and the mean-field description is valid in\nany spatial dimension.",
        "positive": "Simple model for 1/f noise: We present a simple stochastic mechanism which generates pulse trains\nexhibiting a power law distribution of the pulse intervals and a $1/f^\\alpha$\npower spectrum over several decades at low frequencies with $\\alpha$ close to\none. The essential ingredient of our model is a fluctuating threshold which\nperforms a Brownian motion. Whenever an increasing potential $V(t)$ hits the\nthreshold, $V(t)$ is reset to the origin and a pulse is emitted. We show that\nif $V(t)$ increases linearly in time, the pulse intervals can be approximated\nby a random walk with multiplicative noise. Our model agrees with recent\nexperiments in neurobiology and explains the high interpulse interval\nvariability and the occurrence of $1/f^\\alpha$ noise observed in cortical\nneurons and earthquake data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spacetime Approach to Phase Transitions: In these notes, the application of Feynman's sum-over-paths approach to\nthermal phase transitions is discussed. The paradigm of such a spacetime\napproach to critical phenomena is provided by the high-temperature expansion of\nspin models. This expansion, known as the hopping expansion in the context of\nlattice field theory, yields a geometric description of the phase transition in\nthese models, with the thermal critical exponents being determined by the\nfractal structure of the high-temperature graphs. The graphs percolate at the\nthermal critical point and can be studied using purely geometrical observables\nknown from percolation theory. Besides the phase transition in spin models and\nin the closely related $\\phi^4$ theory, other transitions discussed from this\nperspective include Bose-Einstein condensation, and the transitions in the\nHiggs model and the pure U(1) gauge theory.",
        "positive": "Functional renormalization group approach to non-collinear magnets: A functional renormalization group approach to $d$-dimensional,\n$N$-component, non-collinear magnets is performed using various truncations of\nthe effective action relevant to study their long distance behavior. With help\nof these truncations we study the existence of a stable fixed point for\ndimensions between $d= 2.8$ and $d=4$ for various values of $N$ focusing on the\ncritical value $N_c(d)$ that, for a given dimension $d$, separates a first\norder region for $N<N_c(d)$ from a second order region for $N>N_c(d)$. Our\napproach concludes to the absence of stable fixed point in the physical -\n$N=2,3$ and $d=3$ - cases, in agreement with $\\epsilon=4-d$-expansion and in\ncontradiction with previous perturbative approaches performed at fixed\ndimension and with recent approaches based on conformal bootstrap program."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian Yet Non-Gaussian Diffusion of a Light Particle in Heavy Gas:\n  Lorentz Gas Based Analysis: Non-Gaussian diffusion was recently observed in gas mixtures with mass and\nfraction contrast [F. Nakai et al, Phys. Rev. E 107, 014605 (2023)]. The mean\nsquare displacement of a minor gas particle with a small mass is linear in\ntime, while the displacement distribution deviates from the Gaussian\ndistribution, which is called the Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion. In this\nwork, we theoretically analyze this case where the mass contrast is\nsufficiently large. Major heavy particles can be interpreted as immobile\nobstacles, and a minor light particle behaves like a Lorentz gas particle\nwithin an intermediate time scale. Despite the similarity between the gas\nmixture and the conventional Lorentz gas system, the Lorentz gas description\ncannot fully describe the Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion. A successful\ndescription can be achieved through an ensemble average of the statistical\nquantities of the Lorentz gas over the initial speed.",
        "positive": "Self-Organized Ordering of Nanostructures Produced by Ion-Beam\n  Sputtering: We study the self-organized ordering of nanostructures produced by ion-beam\nsputtering (IBS) of targets amorphizing under irradiation. By introducing a\nmodel akin to models of pattern formation in aeolian sand dunes, we extend\nconsistently the current continuum theory of erosion by IBS. We obtain new\nnon-linear effects responsible for the in-plane ordering of the structures,\nwhose strength correlates with the degree of ordering found in experiments. Our\nresults highlight the importance of redeposition and surface viscous flow to\nthis nanopattern formation process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement Entropy in the Calogero-Sutherland Model: We investigate the entanglement entropy between two subsets of particles in\nthe ground state of the Calogero-Sutherland model. By using the duality\nrelations of the Jack symmetric polynomials, we obtain exact expressions for\nboth the reduced density matrix and the entanglement entropy in the limit of an\ninfinite number of particles traced out. From these results, we obtain an upper\nbound value of the entanglement entropy. This upper bound has a clear\ninterpretation in terms of fractional exclusion statistics.",
        "positive": "Large deviations and phase transitions in spectral linear statistics of\n  Gaussian random matrices: We evaluate, in the large-$N$ limit, the complete probability distribution\n$\\mathcal{P}(A,m)$ of the values $A$ of the sum $\\sum_{i=1}^{N} |\\lambda_i|^m$,\nwhere $\\lambda_i$ ($i=1,2,\\dots, N$) are the eigenvalues of a Gaussian random\nmatrix, and $m$ is a positive real number. Combining the Coulomb gas method\nwith numerical simulations using a matrix variant of the Wang-Landau algorithm,\nwe found that, in the limit of $N\\to \\infty$, the rate function of\n$\\mathcal{P}(A,m)$ exhibits phase transitions of different characters. The\nphase diagram of the system on the $(A,m)$ plane is surprisingly rich, as it\nincludes three regions: (i) a region with a single-interval support of the\noptimal spectrum of eigenvalues, (ii) a region emerging for $m<2$ where the\noptimal spectrum splits into two separate intervals, and (iii) a region\nemerging for $m>2$ where the maximum or minimum eigenvalue ``evaporates\" from\nthe rest of eigenvalues and dominates the statistics of $A$. The phase\ntransition between regions (i) and (iii) is of second order. Analytical\narguments and numerical simulations strongly suggest that the phase transition\nbetween regions (i) and (ii) is of (in general) fractional order $p=1+1/|m-1|$,\nwhere $0<m<2$. The transition becomes of infinite order in the special case of\n$m=1$, where we provide a more complete analytical and numerical description.\nRemarkably, the transition between regions (i) and (ii) for $m\\leq 1$ and the\ntransition between regions (i) and (iii) for $m>2$ occur at the ground state of\nthe Coulomb gas which corresponds to the Wigner's semicircular distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Defect Relaxation and Coarsening Exponents: The coarsening exponents describing the growth of long-range order in systems\nquenched from a disordered to an ordered phase are discussed in terms of the\ndecay rate, omega(k), for the relaxation of a distortion of wavevector k\napplied to a topological defect. For systems described by order parameters with\nZ(2) (`Ising'), and O(2) (`XY') symmetry, the appropriate defects are domain\nwalls and vortex lines respectively. From omega(k) ~ k^z, we infer L(t) ~\nt^(1/z) for the coarsening scale, with the assumption that defect relaxation\nprovides the dominant coarsening mechanism. The O(2) case requires careful\ndiscussion due to infrared divergences associated with the far field of a\nvortex line. Conserved, non-conserved, and `intermediate' dynamics are\nconsidered, with either short-range or long-range interactions. In all cases\nthe results agree with an earlier `energy scaling' analysis.",
        "positive": "Phase shift in periodically driven non-equilibrium systems: Its\n  identification and a bound: Time-dependently driven stochastic systems form a vast and manifold class of\nnon-equilibrium systems used to model important applications on small length\nscales such as bit erasure protocols or microscopic heat engines. One property\nthat unites all these quite different systems is some form of lag between the\ndriving of the system and its response. For periodic steady states, we quantify\nthis lag by introducing a generalized phase difference and prove a tight upper\nbound for it. In its most general version, this bound depends only on the\nrelative speed of the driving."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Branched Growth with $\u03b7\\approx 4$ Walkers: Diffusion-limited aggregation has a natural generalization to the\n\"$\\eta$-models\", in which $\\eta$ random walkers must arrive at a point on the\ncluster surface in order for growth to occur. It has recently been proposed\nthat in spatial dimensionality $d=2$, there is an upper critical $\\eta_c=4$\nabove which the fractal dimensionality of the clusters is D=1. I compute the\nfirst order correction to $D$ for $\\eta <4$, obtaining $D=1+{1/2}(4-\\eta)$. The\nmethods used can also determine multifractal dimensions to first order in\n$4-\\eta$.",
        "positive": "Reply to \"Comment on \"Velocity and Speed Correlations in Hamiltonian\n  Flocks\": In their comment on our work (ArXiv:1912.07056v1), Cavagna \\textit{et al.}\nraise several interesting points on the phenomenology of flocks of birds, and\nconduct additional data analysis to back up their points. In particular, they\nquestion the existence of rigid body rotations in flocks of birds. In this\nreply, we first clarify the notions of rigid body rotations, and of rigidity\nitself. Then, we justify why we believe that it is legitimate to wonder about\ntheir importance when studying the spatial correlations between speeds in\nflocks of birds."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropic transport - A test bed for the Fick-Jacobs approximation: Biased diffusive transport of Brownian particles through irregularly shaped,\nnarrow confining quasi-one-dimensional structures is investigated. The\ncomplexity of the higher dimensional diffusive dynamics is reduced by means of\nthe so-called Fick-Jacobs approximation, yielding an effective one-dimensional\nstochastic dynamics. Accordingly, the elimination of transverse, equilibrated\ndegrees of freedom stemming from geometrical confinements and/or bottlenecks\ncause entropic potential barriers which the particles have to overcome when\nmoving forward noisily. The applicability and the validity of the reduced\nkinetic description is tested by comparing the approximation with Brownian\ndynamics simulations in full configuration space. This non-equilibrium\ntransport in such quasi-one-dimensional irregular structures implies for\nmoderate-to-strong bias a characteristic violation of the Sutherland-Einstein\nfluctuation-dissipation relation.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic Behavior of Acyclic and Cyclic Orientations of Directed\n  Lattice Graphs: We calculate exponential growth constants describing the asymptotic behavior\nof several quantities enumerating classes of orientations of arrow variables on\nthe bonds of several types of directed lattice strip graphs $G$ of finite width\nand arbitrarily great length, in the infinite-length limit, denoted {G}.\nSpecifically, we calculate the exponential growth constants for (i) acyclic\norientations, $\\alpha(\\{G\\})$, (ii) acyclic orientations with a single source\nvertex, $\\alpha_0(\\{G\\})$, and (iii) totally cyclic orientations,\n$\\beta(\\{G\\})$. We consider several lattices, including square (sq), triangular\n(tri), and honeycomb (hc). From our calculations, we infer lower and upper\nbounds on these exponential growth constants for the respective infinite\nlattices. To our knowledge, these are the best current bounds on these\nquantities. Since our lower and upper bounds are quite close to each other, we\ncan infer very accurate approximate values for the exponential growth\nconstants, with fractional uncertainties ranging from $O(10^{-4})$ to\n$O(10^{-2})$. Further, we present exact values of $\\alpha(tri)$,\n$\\alpha_0(tri)$, and $\\beta(hc)$ and use them to show that our lower and upper\nbounds on these quantities are very close to these exact values, even for\nmodest strip widths. Results are also given for a nonplanar lattice denoted\n$sq_d$. We show that $\\alpha(\\{G\\})$, $\\alpha_0(\\{G\\})$, and $\\beta(\\{G\\})$ are\nmonotonically increasing functions of vertex degree for these lattices. We also\nstudy the asymptotic behavior of the ratios of the quantities (i)-(iii) divided\nby the total number of edge orientations as the number of vertices goes to\ninfinity. A comparison is given of these exponential growth constants with the\ncorresponding exponential growth constant $\\tau(\\{G\\})$ for spanning trees. Our\nresults are in agreement with inequalities following from the Merino-Welsh and\nConde-Merino conjectures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Mathematical Model for the Behavior of Individuals in a Social Field: Related to an idea of Lewin, a mathematical model for behavioral changes\nunder the influence of a social field is developed. The social field reflects\npublic opinion, social norms and trends. It is not only given by external\nfactors (the environment) but also by the interactions of individuals. Two\nimportant kinds of interaction processes are distinguished: Imitative and\navoidance processes. Variations of individual behavior are taken into account\nby ``diffusion coefficients''.",
        "positive": "Hyperuniform states generated by a critical friction field: Hyperuniform states are an efficient way to fill up space for disordered\nsystems. In these states the particle distribution is disordered at the short\nscale but becomes increasingly uniform when looked at large scales.\nHyperuniformity appears in several systems, in static or quasistatic regimes as\nwell as close to transitions to absorbing states. Here, we show that a vibrated\ngranular layer, at the critical point of the liquid-to-solid transition,\ndisplays dynamic hyperuniformity. Prior to the transition, patches of the solid\nphase form, with length scales and mean lifetimes that diverge critically at\nthe transition point. When reducing the wavenumber, density fluctuations\nencounter increasingly more patches that block their propagation, resulting in\na static structure factor that tends to zero for small wavenumbers at the\ncritical point, which is a signature of hyperuniformity. A simple model\ndemonstrates that this coupling of a density field to a highly fluctuating\nscalar friction field gives rise to dynamic hyperuniform states. Finally, we\nshow that the structure factor detects better the emergence of hyperuniformity,\ncompared to the particle number variance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Investigating inequality: a Langevin approach: Inequality indices are quantitative scores that gauge the divergence of\nwealth distributions in human societies from the \"ground state\" of pure\ncommunism. While inequality indices were devised for socioeconomic\napplications, they are effectively applicable in the context of general\nnon-negative size distributions such as count, length, area, volume, mass,\nenergy, and duration. Inequality indices are commonly based on the notion of\nLorenz curves, which implicitly assume the existence of finite means.\nConsequently, Lorenz-based inequality indices are excluded from the realm of\ninfinite-mean size distributions. In this paper we present an inequality index\nthat is based on an altogether alternative Langevin approach. The\nLangevin-based inequality index is introduced, explored, and applied to a wide\nrange of non-negative size distributions with both finite and infinite means.",
        "positive": "Bayesian Inference in the Scaling Analysis of Critical Phenomena: To determine the universality class of critical phenomena, we propose a\nmethod of statistical inference in the scaling analysis of critical phenomena.\nThe method is based on Bayesian statistics, most specifically, the Gaussian\nprocess regression. It assumes only the smoothness of a scaling function, and\nit does not need a form. We demonstrate this method for the finite-size scaling\nanalysis of the Ising models on square and triangular lattices. Near the\ncritical point, the method is comparable in accuracy to the least-square\nmethod. In addition, it works well for data to which we cannot apply the\nleast-square method with a polynomial of low degree. By comparing the data on\ntriangular lattices with the scaling function inferred from the data on square\nlattices, we confirm the universality of the finite-size scaling function of\nthe two-dimensional Ising model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analysis of the Hopfield Model with Discrete Coupling: Growing demand for high-speed Ising-computing-specific hardware has prompted\na need for determining how the accuracy depends on a hardware implementation\nwith physically limited resources. For instance, in digital hardware such as\nfield-programmable gate arrays, as the number of bits representing the coupling\nstrength is reduced, the density of integrated Ising spins and the speed of\ncomputing can be increased while the calculation accuracy becomes lower. To\noptimize the accuracy-efficiency trade-off, we have to estimate the change in\nperformance of the Ising computing machine depending on the number of bits\nrepresenting the coupling strength. In this study, we tackle this issue by\nfocusing on the Hopfield model with discrete coupling. The Hopfield model is a\ncanonical Ising computing model. Previous studies have analyzed the effect of a\nfew nonlinear functions (e.g. sign) for mapping the coupling strength on the\nHopfield model with statistical mechanics methods, but not the effect of\ndiscretization of the coupling strength in detail. Here, we derived the order\nparameter equations of the Hopfield model with discrete coupling by using the\nreplica method and clarified the relationship between the number of bits\nrepresenting the coupling strength and the critical memory capacity. In this\npaper, we used the replica method for the Hopfield model with general nonlinear\ncoupling (Sompolinsky (1986)) to analyze the model with a multi-bit discrete\ncoupling strength, and we novelly derived the de Almeida-Thouless line of the\nmodel with general nonlinear coupling.",
        "positive": "Statistical Uncertainty Principle in Stochastic Dynamics: Maximum entropy principle identifies forces conjugated to observables and the\nthermodynamic relations between them, independent upon their underlying\nmechanistic details. For data about state distributions or transition\nstatistics, the principle can be derived from limit theorems of infinite data\nsampling. This derivation reveals its empirical origin and clarify the meaning\nof applying it to large but finite data. We derive an uncertainty principle for\nthe statistical variations of the observables and the inferred forces. We use a\ntoy model for molecular motor as an example."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Conjectures on exact solution of three-dimensional (3D)\n  simple orthorhombic Ising lattices\" [arXiv:0705.1045]: It is shown that a recent article by Z.-D. Zhang [arXiv:0705.1045] is in\nerror and violates well-known theorems.",
        "positive": "Soft core thermodynamics from self-consistent hard core fluids: In an effort to generalize the self-consistent Ornstein-Zernike approximation\n(SCOZA) -- an accurate liquid-state theory that has been restricted so far to\nhard-core systems -- to arbitrary soft-core systems we study a combination of\nSCOZA with a recently developed perturbation theory. The latter was constructed\nby Ben-Amotz and Stell [J. Phys. Chem. B 108,6877-6882 (2004)] as a\nreformulation of the Week-Chandler-Andersen perturbation theory directly in\nterms of an arbitrary hard-sphere reference system. We investigate the accuracy\nof the combined approach for the Lennard-Jones fluid by comparison with\nsimulation data and pure perturbation theory predictions and determine the\ndependence of the thermodynamic properties and the phase behavior on the choice\nof the effective hard-core diameter of the reference system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Abundance of regular orbits and out-of-equilibrium phase transitions in\n  the thermodynamic limit for long-range systems: We investigate the dynamics of many-body long-range interacting systems,\ntaking the Hamiltonian Mean Field model as a case study. We show that an\nabundance of regular trajectories, associated with invariant tori of the\nsingle-particle dynamics, exists. The presence of such tori provides a\ndynamical interpretation of the emergence of long-lasting out-of-equilibrium\nregimes observed generically in long-range systems. This is alternative to a\nprevious statistical mechanics approach to such phenomena which was based on a\nmaximum entropy principle. Previously detected out-of-equilibrium phase\ntransitions are also reinterpreted within this framework.",
        "positive": "Self-Supervised Ensemble Learning: A Universal Method for Phase\n  Transition Classification of Many-Body Systems: We develop a self-supervised ensemble learning (SSEL) method to accurately\nclassify distinct types of phase transitions by analyzing the fluctuation\nproperties of machine learning outputs. Employing the 2D Potts model and the 2D\nClock model as benchmarks, we demonstrate the capability of SSEL in discerning\nfirst-order, second-order, and Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions,\nusing in-situ spin configurations as the input features. Furthermore, we show\nthat the SSEL approach can also be applied to investigate quantum phase\ntransitions in 1D Ising and 1D XXZ models upon incorporating quantum sampling.\nWe argue that the SSEL model simulates a special state function with\nhigher-order correlations between physical quantities, and hence provides\nricher information than previous machine learning methods. Consequently, our\nSSEL method can be generally applied to the identification/classification of\nphase transitions even without explicit knowledge of the underlying theoretical\nmodels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical Spin Liquid: Exact Solution for the Infinite-Component\n  Antiferromagnetic Model on the Kagom\u00e9 Lattice: Thermodynamic quantities and correlation functions (CFs) of the classical\nantiferromagnet on the kagom\\'e lattice are studied for the exactly solvable\ninfinite-component spin-vector model, D \\to \\infty. In this limit, the critical\ncoupling of fluctuations dies out and the critical behavior simplifies, but the\neffect of would be Goldstone modes preventing ordering at any nonzero\ntemperature is properly accounted for. In contrast to conventional\ntwo-dimensional magnets with continuous symmetry showing extended short-range\norder at distances smaller than the correlation length, r < \\xi_c \\propto\n\\exp(T^*/T), correlations in the kagom\\'e-lattice model decay already at the\nscale of the lattice spacing due to the strong degeneracy of the ground state\ncharacterized by a macroscopic number of strongly fluctuating local degrees of\nfreedom. At low temperatures, spin CFs decay as <{\\bf S}_0 {\\bf S}_r> \\propto\n1/r^2 in the range a_0 << r << \\xi_c \\propto T^{-1/2}, where a_0 is the lattice\nspacing. Analytical results for the principal thermodynamic quantities in our\nmodel are in fairly good quantitative agreement with the MC simulations for the\nclassical Heisenberg model, D=3. The neutron scattering cross section has its\nmaxima beyond the first Brillouin zone; at T\\to 0 it becomes nonanalytic but\ndoes not diverge at any q.",
        "positive": "Fourth moment sum rule for the charge correlations of a two-component\n  classical plasma: We consider an ionic fluid made with two species of mobile particles carrying\neither a positive or a negative charge. We derive a sum rule for the fourth\nmoment of equilibrium charge correlations. Our method relies on the study of\nthe system response to the potential created by a weak external charge\ndistribution with slow spatial variations. The induced particle densities, and\nthe resulting induced charge density, are then computed within density\nfunctional theory, where the free energy is expanded in powers of the density\ngradients. The comparison with the predictions of linear response theory\nprovides a thermodynamical expression for the fourth moment of charge\ncorrelations, which involves the isothermal compressibility as well as suitably\ndefined partial compressibilities. The familiar Stillinger-Lovett condition is\nalso recovered as a by-product of our method, suggesting that the fourth moment\nsum rule should hold in any conducting phase. This is explicitly checked in the\nlow density regime, within the Abe-Meeron diagrammatical expansions. Beyond its\nown interest, the fourth-moment sum rule should be useful for both analyzing\nand understanding recently observed behaviours near the ionic critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simple model of a limit order-driven market: We introduce and study a simple model of a limit order-driven market. Traders\nin this model can either trade at the market price or place a limit order, i.e.\nan instruction to buy (sell) a certain amount of the stock if its price falls\nbelow (raises above) a predefined level. The choice between these two options\nis purely random (there are no strategies involved), and the execution price of\na limit order is determined simply by offsetting the most recent market price\nby a random amount. Numerical simulations of this model revealed that despite\nsuch minimalistic rules the price pattern generated by the model has such\nrealistic features as ``fat'' tails of the price fluctuations distribution,\ncharacterized by a crossover between two power law exponents, long range\ncorrelations of the volatility, and a non-trivial Hurst exponent of the price\nsignal.",
        "positive": "Generalized Wiener Process and Kolmogorov's Equation for Diffusion\n  induced by Non-Gaussian Noise Source: We show that the increments of generalized Wiener process, useful to describe\nnon-Gaussian white noise sources, have the properties of infinitely divisible\nrandom processes. Using functional approach and the new correlation formula for\nnon-Gaussian white noise we derive directly from Langevin equation, with such a\nrandom source, the Kolmogorov's equation for Markovian non-Gaussian process.\n  From this equation we obtain the Fokker-Planck equation for nonlinear system\ndriven by white Gaussian noise, the Kolmogorov-Feller equation for\ndiscontinuous Markovian processes, and the fractional Fokker-Planck equation\nfor anomalous diffusion. The stationary probability distributions for some\nsimple cases of anomalous diffusion are derived."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Phase Transition for a Heavy Particle in a Granular Fluid: It is shown that the homogeneous cooling state (HCS) for a heavy impurity\nparticle in a granular fluid supports two distinct phases. The order parameter\n$\\phi$ is the mean square velocity of the impurity particle relative to that of\na fluid particle, and the control parameter $\\xi$ is the fluid cooling rate\nrelative to the impurity collision rate. For $\\xi<1$ there is a ``normal''\nphase for which $\\phi$ scales as the fluid/impurity mass ratio, just as for a\nsystem with elastic collisions. For $\\xi>1$ an ``ordered'' phase occurs in\nwhich $\\phi$ is finite even for vanishingly small mass ratio, representing an\nextreme violation of energy equipartition. The phenomenon can be described in\nterms of a Landau-like free energy for a second order phase transition. The\ndynamics leading to the HCS is studied in detail using an asymptotic analysis\nof the Enskog-Lorentz kinetic equation near each phase and the critical domain.\nCritical slowing is observed with a divergent relaxation time at the critical\npoint. The stationary velocity distributions are determined in each case,\nshowing a crossover from Maxwellian in the normal phase to an exponential\nquartic function of the velocity that is sharply peaked about the non-zero\n$\\phi$ for the ordered phase. It is shown that the diffusion coefficient in the\nnormal phase diverges at the critical point and remains so in the ordered\nphase. This is interpreted as a transition from diffusive to ballistic dynamics\nbetween the normal and ordered phases.",
        "positive": "Packet Transport on Scale Free Networks: We introduce a model of information packet transport on networks in which the\npackets are posted by a given rate and move in parallel according to a local\nsearch algorithm. By performing a number of simulations we investigate the\nmajor kinetic properties of the transport as a function of the network\ngeometry, the packet input rate and the buffer size. We find long-range\ncorrelations in the power spectra of arriving packet density and the network's\nactivity bursts. The packet transit time distribution shows a power-law\ndependence with average transit time increasing with network size. This implies\ndynamic queueing on the network, in which many interacting queues are mutually\ndriven by temporally correlated packet streams."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steering the potential barriers: entropic to energetic: We propose a new mechanism to alter the nature of the potential barriers when\na biased Brownian particle under goes a constrained motion in narrow, periodic\nchannel. By changing the angle of the external bias, the nature of the\npotential barriers changes from purely entropic to energetic which in turn\neffects the diffusion process in the system. At an optimum angle of the bias,\nthe nonlinear mobility exhibits a striking bell-shaped behavior. Moreover, the\nenhancement of the scaled effective diffusion coefficient can be efficiently\ncontrolled by the angle of the bias. This mechanism enables the proper design\nof channel structures for transport of molecules and small particles. The\napproximative analytical predictions have been verified by precise Brownian\ndynamic simulations.",
        "positive": "Dual Quantum Monte Carlo Algorithm for Hardcore Bosons: We derive the exact dual representation of the bosonic Hubbard model which\ntakes the form of conserved current loops. The hardcore limit, which\ncorresponds to the quantum spin-${1\\over 2}$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet, is\nalso obtained. In this limit, the dual partition function takes a particularly\nsimple form which is very amenable to numerical simulations. In addition to the\nusual quantities that we can measure (energy, density-density correlation\nfunction and superfluid density) we can with this new algorithm measure\nefficiently the order parameter correlation function, $<a_i a_j^{\\dagger}>,\n|i-j|\\ge 1$. We demonstrate this with numerical tests in one dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical and quantum simulation of a quantum disentangled liquid: The illustrative wave function for a quantum disentangled liquid (QDL)\ncomposed of light and heavy particles is examined within numerical simulations.\nInitial measurement on light particles gives rise to the volume law of the\nentanglement entropy of the heavy particles subsystem. The entropy reaches its\nmaximum value as the ratio of the system to subsystem sizes increases. The\nstandard deviation of entanglement entropy from its thermodynamic limit due to\nthe initial configuration of the light particle is diminished within ensemble\naveraging. We have introduced a quantum circuit to simulate the underlying QDL\nstate. The results of the quantum simulation are in agreement with the\nnumerical simulations which confirms that the introduced circuit realizes a QDL\nstate.",
        "positive": "Phase Transitions in \"Small\" Systems - A Challenge for Thermodynamics: Traditionally, phase transitions are defined in the thermodynamic limit only.\nWe propose a new formulation of equilibrium thermo-dynamics that is based\nentirely on mechanics and reflects just the {\\em geometry and topology} of the\nN-body phase-space as function of the conserved quantities, energy, particle\nnumber and others. This allows to define thermo-statistics {\\em without the use\nof the thermodynamic limit}, to apply it to ``Small'' systems as well and to\ndefine phase transitions unambiguously also there. ``Small'' systems are\nsystems where the linear dimension is of the characteristic range of the\ninteraction between the particles. Also astrophysical systems are ``Small'' in\nthis sense. Boltzmann defines the entropy as the logarithm of the area\n$W(E,N)=e^{S(E,N)}$ of the surface in the mechanical N-body phase space at\ntotal energy E. The topology of S(E,N) or more precisely, of the curvature\ndeterminant $D(E,N)=\\partial^2S/\\partial E^2*\\partial^2S/\\partial\nN^2-(\\partial^2S/\\partial E\\partial N)^2$ allows the classification of phase\ntransitions {\\em without taking the thermodynamic limit}. The topology gives\nfurther a simple and transparent definition of the {\\em order parameter.}\nAttention: Boltzmann's entropy S(E) as defined here is different from the\ninformation entropy and can even be non-extensive and convex."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequivalent ensembles and metastability: This paper reviews a number of fundamental connections that exist between\nnonequivalent microcanonical and canonical ensembles, the appearance of\nfirst-order phase transitions in the canonical ensemble, and thermodynamic\nmetastable behavior.",
        "positive": "Two coupled Josephson junctions: dc voltage controlled by biharmonic\n  current: We study transport properties of two Josephson junctions coupled by an\nexternal shunt resistance. One of the junction (say, the first) is driven by an\nunbiased ac current consisting of two harmonics. The device can rectify the ac\ncurrent yielding a dc voltage across the first junction. For some values of\ncoupling strength, controlled by an external shunt resistance, a dc voltage\nacross the second junction can be generated. By variation of system parameters\nlike the relative phase or frequency of two harmonics, one can conveniently\nmanipulate both voltages with high efficiency, e.g., changing the dc voltages\nacross the first and second junctions from positive to negative values and vice\nversa."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brittle to quasibrittle transition in a compound fiber bundle: The brittle to quasibrittle transition has been studied for a compound of two\ndifferent kinds of fibrous materials, having distinct difference in their\nbreaking strengths under the framework of the fiber bundle model.\n  A random fiber bundle model has been devised with a bimodal distribution of\nthe breaking strengths of the individual fibers. The bimodal distribution is\nassumed to be consisting of two symmetrically placed rectangular probability\ndistributions of strengths $p$ and $1 - p$, each of width $d$, and separated by\na gap $2s$. Different properties of the transition have been studied varying\nthese three parameters and using the well known equal load sharing dynamics.\nOur study exhibits a brittle to quasibrittle transition at the critical width\n$d_c(s,p) = p(1/2 - s)/(1 + p)$ confirmed by our numerical results.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of Repulsion Processes: We study dynamical behaviors of one-dimensional stochastic lattice gases with\nrepulsive interactions whose span can be arbitrary large. We endow the system\nwith a zero-temperature dynamics, so that the hops to empty sites which would\nhave led to the increase of energy are forbidden. We assume that the strength\nof interactions sufficiently quickly decreases with the separation between the\nparticles, so that interactions can be treated in a lexicographic order. For\nsuch repulsion processes with symmetric nearest-neighbor hopping we\nanalytically determine the density-dependent diffusion coefficient. We also\ncompute the variance of the displacement of a tagged particle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Snapshot spectrum and critical phenomenon for\n  two-dimensional classical spin systems\": This is a comment on arXiv:1402.6767 (2014) by Y. Imura, T. Okubo, S. Morita,\nand K. Okunishi.",
        "positive": "Deformed Fokker-Planck Equations: Based on the well-known relation between Fokker-Planck equations and\nSchroedinger equations of quantum mechanics (QM), we propose new deformed\nFokker-Planck (FP) equations associated with the Schroedinger equations of\n\"discrete\" QM. The latter is a natural discretization of QM and its\nSchroedinger equations are difference instead of differential equations.\nExactly solvable FP equations are obtained corresponding to exactly solvable\n\"discrete\" QM, whose eigenfunctions include various deformations of the\nclassical orthogonal polynomials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collapsing transition of spherical tethered surfaces with many holes: We investigate a tethered (i.e. fixed connectivity) surface model on\nspherical surfaces with many holes by using the canonical Monte Carlo\nsimulations. Our result in this paper reveals that the model has only a\ncollapsing transition at finite bending rigidity, where no surface fluctuation\ntransition can be seen. The first-order collapsing transition separates the\nsmooth phase from the collapsed phase. Both smooth and collapsed phases are\ncharacterized by Hausdorff dimension H\\simeq 2, consequently, the surface\nbecomes smooth in both phases. The difference between these two phases can be\nseen only in the size of surface. This is consistent with the fact that we can\nsee no surface fluctuation transition at the collapsing transition point. These\ntwo types of transitions are well known to occur at the same transition point\nin the conventional surface models defined on the fixed connectivity surfaces\nwithout holes.",
        "positive": "Exact Calculations of Coherent Information for Toric Codes under\n  Decoherence: Identifying the Fundamental Error Threshold: The toric code is a canonical example of a topological error-correcting code.\nTwo logical qubits stored within the toric code are robust against local\ndecoherence, ensuring that these qubits can be faithfully retrieved as long as\nthe error rate remains below a certain threshold. Recent studies have explored\nsuch a threshold behavior as an intrinsic information-theoretic transition,\nindependent of the decoding protocol. These studies have shown that\ninformation-theoretic metrics, calculated using the Renyi (replica)\napproximation, demonstrate sharp transitions at a specific error rate. However,\nan exact analytic expression that avoids using the replica trick has not been\nshown, and the connection between the transition in information-theoretic\ncapacity and the random bond Ising model (RBIM) has only been indirectly\nestablished. In this work, we present the first analytic expression for the\ncoherent information of a decohered toric code, thereby establishing a rigorous\nconnection between the fundamental error threshold and the criticality of the\nRBIM."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classification of (2+1)-Dimensional Growing Surfaces Using\n  Schramm-Loewner Evolution: Statistical behavior and scaling properties of iso-height lines in three\ndifferent saturated two-dimensional grown surfaces with controversial\nuniversality classes are investigated using ideas from Schramm-Loewner\nevolution (SLE$_\\kappa$). We present some evidence that the iso-height lines in\nthe ballistic deposition (BD), Eden and restricted solid-on-solid (RSOS) models\nhave conformally invariant properties all in the same universality class as the\nself-avoiding random walk (SAW), equivalently SLE$_{8/3}$. This leads to the\nconclusion that all these discrete growth models fall into the same\nuniversality class as the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation in two dimensions.",
        "positive": "Constraints and relative entropies in nonextensive statistical mechanics: In nonextensive statistical mechanics, two kinds of definitions have been\nconsidered for expectation valu of a physical quantity: one is the ordinary\ndefinition and the other is the normalized q-expectation value employing the\nescort distribution. Since both of them lead to the maximum-Tsallis-entropy\ndistributions of a similar type, it is of crucial importance to determine which\nthe correct physical one is. A point is that the definition of expectation\nvalue is indivisibly connected to the form of generalized relative entropy.\nStudying the properties of the relative entropies associated with these two\ndefinitions, it is shown how the use of the escort distribution is essential.\nIn particular, the axiomatic framework proposed by Shore and Johnson is found\nto support the formalism with the normalized q-expectation value and to exclude\nthe ordinary expectation value in nonextensive statistical mechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Measuring the convergence of Monte Carlo free energy calculations: The nonequilibrium work fluctuation theorem provides the way for calculations\nof (equilibrium) free energy based on work measurements of nonequilibrium,\nfinite-time processes and their reversed counterparts by applying Bennett's\nacceptance ratio method. A nice property of this method is that each free\nenergy estimate readily yields an estimate of the asymptotic mean square error.\nAssuming convergence, it is easy to specify the uncertainty of the results.\nHowever, sample sizes have often to be balanced with respect to experimental or\ncomputational limitations and the question arises whether available samples of\nwork values are sufficiently large in order to ensure convergence. Here, we\npropose a convergence measure for the two-sided free energy estimator and\ncharacterize some of its properties, explain how it works, and test its\nstatistical behavior. In total, we derive a convergence criterion for Bennett's\nacceptance ratio method.",
        "positive": "Brownian motion: a case of temperature fluctuations: A diffusion process of a Brownian particle in a medium of temperature $T$ is\nre-considered. We assume that temperature of the medium fluctuates around its\nmean value. The velocity probability distribution is obtained. It is shown that\nthe stationary state is not a thermodynamic equilibrium state described by the\nMaxwell distribution. Instead a nonequilibrium state is produced by temperature\nfluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Markov vs. nonMarkovian processes A comment on the paper Stochastic\n  feedback, nonlinear families of Markov processes, and nonlinear Fokker-Planck\n  equations by T.D. Frank: The purpose of this comment is to correct mistaken assumptions and claims\nmade in the paper Stochastic feedback, nonlinear families of Markov processes,\nand nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations by T. D. Frank. Our comment centers on\nthe claims of a nonlinear Markov process and a nonlinear Fokker-Planck\nequation. First, memory in transition densities is misidentified as a Markov\nprocess. Second, Frank assumes that one can derive a Fokker-Planck equation\nfrom a Chapman-Kolmogorov equation, but no proof was given that a\nChapman-Kolmogorov equation exists for memory-dependent processes. A nonlinear\nMarkov process is claimed on the basis of a nonlinear diffusion pde for a\n1-point probability density. We show that, regardless of which initial value\nproblem one may solve for the 1-point density, the resulting stochastic\nprocess, defined necessarily by the transition probabilities, is either an\nordinary linearly generated Markovian one, or else is a linearly generated\nnonMarkovian process with memory. We provide explicit examples of diffusion\ncoefficients that reflect both the Markovian and the memory-dependent cases. So\nthere is neither a nonlinear Markov process nor nonlinear Fokker-Planck\nequation for a transition density. The confusion rampant in the literature\narises in part from labeling a nonlinear diffusion equation for a 1-point\nprobability density as nonlinear Fokker-Planck, whereas neither a 1-point\ndensity nor an equation of motion for a 1-point density defines a stochastic\nprocess, and Borland misidentified a translation invariant 1-point density\nderived from a nonlinear diffusion equation as a conditional probability\ndensity. In the Appendix we derive Fokker-Planck pdes and Chapman-Kolmogorov\neqns. for stochastic processes with finite memory.",
        "positive": "Minimum Action Method for Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions: First-order nonequilibrium phase transitions observed in active matter, fluid\ndynamics, biology, climate science, and other systems with irreversible\ndynamics are challenging to analyze because they cannot be inferred from a\nsimple free energy minimization principle. Rather the mechanism of these\ntransitions depends crucially on the system's dynamics, which requires us to\nanalyze them in trajectory space rather than in phase space. Here we consider\nsituations where the path of these transitions can be characterized as the\nminimizer of an action, whose minimum value can be used in a nonequilibrium\ngeneralization of the Arrhenius law to calculate the system's phase diagram. We\nalso develop efficient numerical tools for the minimization of this action.\nThese tools are general enough to be transportable to many situations of\ninterest, in particular when the fluctuations present in the microscopic system\nare non-Gaussian and its dynamics is not governed by the standard Langevin\nequation. As an illustration, first-order phase transitions in two\nspatially-extended nonequilibrium systems are analyzed: a modified\nGinzburg-Landau equation with a chemical potential which is non-gradient, and a\nreaction-diffusion network based on the Schl\\\"ogl model. The phase diagrams of\nboth systems are calculated as a function of their control parameters, and the\npaths of the transitions, including their critical nuclei, are identified.\nThese results clearly demonstrate the nonequilibrium nature of the transitions,\nwith differing forward and backward paths."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Antiferromagnetically coupled alternating spin chains: The effect of antiferromagnetic interchain coupling in alternating spin\n(1,1/2) chains is studied by mean of a spin wave theory and density matrix\nrenormalization group (DMRG). In particular, two limiting cases are\ninvestigated, the two-leg ladder and its two dimensional (2D) generalization.\nResults of the ground state properties like energy, spin gap, magnetizations,\nand correlation functions are reported for the whole range of the interchain\ncoupling $J_{\\perp}$. For the 2D case the spin wave results predict a smooth\ndimensional crossover from 1D to 2D keeping the ground state always ordered.\nFor the ladder system, the DMRG results show that any $J_{\\perp}>0$ drives the\nsystem to a gapped ground state. Furthermore the behaviour of the correlation\nfunctions closely resemble the uniform spin-1/2 ladder. For $J_{\\perp}$ lower\nthan 0.3, however, the gap behaves quadratically as $\\Delta\\sim0.6\nJ^2_{\\perp}$. Finally, it is argued that the behaviour of the spin gap for an\narbitrary number of mixed coupled spin chains is analogous to that of the\nuniform spin-1/2 chains.",
        "positive": "Condensation in stochastic mass transport models: beyond the zero-range\n  process: We consider an extension of the zero-range process to the case where the hop\nrate depends on the state of both departure and arrival sites. We recover the\nmisanthrope and the target process as special cases for which the probability\nof the steady state factorizes over sites. We discuss conditions which lead to\nthe condensation of particles and show that although two different hop rates\ncan lead to the same steady state, they do so with sharply contrasting\ndynamics. The first case resembles the dynamics of the zero-range process,\nwhereas the second case, in which the hop rate increases with the occupation\nnumber of both sites, is similar to instantaneous gelation models. This new\n\"explosive\" condensation reveals surprisingly rich behaviour, in which the\nprocess of condensate's formation goes through a series of collisions between\nclusters of particles moving through the system at increasing speed. We perform\na detailed numerical and analytical study of the dynamics of condensation: we\nfind the speed of the moving clusters, their scattering amplitude, and their\ngrowth time. We finally show that the time to reach steady state decreases with\nthe size of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Second Law and its Amendment: the Axiom of No-reversible Directions --\n  Revisited: A toy-model is used for describing the steps achieving the\nno-reversible-direction axiom in a tutorial manner: i) choice of a state space\nresults in the balance equations on state space which are linear in the process\ndirections, ii) a reversible process direction cannot be generated by\ncombination of non-reversible ones, iii) process directions which are in the\nkernel of the balance equations do not enter the entropy production. The\nColeman-Mizel formulation of the second law and the Liu relations follow\nimmediately.",
        "positive": "Superdiffusion in a Honeycomb Billiard: We investigate particle transport in the honeycomb billiard that consists of\nconnected channels placed on the edges of a honeycomb structure. The spreading\nof particles is superdiffusive due to the existence of ballistic trajectories\nwhich we term perfect paths. Simulations give a time exponent of 1.72 for the\nmean square displacement and a starlike, i.e., anisotropic particle\ndistribution. We present an analytical treatment based on the formalism of\ncontinuous-time random walks and explain both the time exponent and the\nanisotropic distribution. In billiards with randomly distributed channels,\nconventional diffusion is always observed in the long-time limit, although for\nsmall disorder transient superdiffusional behavior exists. Our simulation\nresults are again supported by an analytical analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Motility-Induced Microphase and Macrophase Separation in a\n  Two-Dimensional Active Brownian Particle System: As a result of nonequilibrium forces, purely repulsive self-propelled\nparticles undergo macrophase separation between a dense and a dilute phase. We\npresent a thorough study of the ordering kinetics of such motility-induced\nphase separation (MIPS) in active Brownian particles in two dimensions, and we\nshow that it is generically accompanied by microphase separation. The growth of\nthe dense phase follows a law akin to the one of liquid-gas phase separation.\nHowever, it is made of a mosaic of hexatic microdomains whose size does not\ncoarsen indefinitely, leaving behind a network of extended topological defects\nfrom which microscopic dilute bubbles arise. The characteristic length of these\nfinite-size structures increases with activity, independently of the choice of\ninitial conditions.",
        "positive": "The Glass Transition of Quantum Hard Spheres in High Dimensions: We study the equilibrium thermodynamics of quantum hard spheres in the\ninfinite-dimensional limit, determining the boundary between liquid and glass\nphases in the temperature-density plane by means of the Franz-Parisi potential.\nWe find that as the temperature decreases from high values, the effective\nradius of the spheres is enhanced by a multiple of the thermal de Broglie\nwavelength, thus increasing the effective filling fraction and decreasing the\ncritical density for the glass phase. Numerical calculations show that the\ncritical density continues to decrease monotonically as the temperature\ndecreases further, suggesting that the system will form a glass at sufficiently\nlow temperatures for any density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Phase Transition To Temporal Oscillations In Mean-Field\n  Spin Models: We propose a mean-field theory for nonequilibrium phase transitions to a\nperiodically oscillating state in spin models. A nonequilibrium generalization\nof the Landau free energy is obtained from the join distribution of the\nmagnetization and its smoothed stochastic time derivative. The order parameter\nof the transition is a Hamiltonian, whose nonzero value signals the onset of\noscillations. The Hamiltonian and the nonequilibrium Landau free energy are\ndetermined explicitly from the stochastic spin dynamics. The oscillating phase\nis also characterized by a non-trivial overlap distribution reminiscent of a\ncontinuous replica symmetry breaking, in spite of the absence of disorder. An\nillustration is given on an explicit kinetic mean-field spin model.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation-dissipation ratio in lattice-gas models with kinetic\n  constraints: We investigate by Montecarlo simulation the linear response function of three\ndimensional structural glass models defined by short-range kinetic constraints\nand a trivial equilibrium Boltzmann-Gibbs measure. The breakdown of the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem in the glassy phase follows the prediction of\nmean field low temperature mode-coupling theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic surface critical behavior of isotropic Heisenberg ferromagnets:\n  boundary conditions, renormalized field theory, and computer simulation\n  results: The dynamic critical behavior of isotropic Heisenberg ferromagnets with a\nplanar free surface is investigated by means of field-theoretic renormalization\ngroup techniques and high-precision computer simulations. An appropriate\nsemi-infinite extension of the stochastic model J is constructed. The relevant\nboundary terms of the action of the associated dynamic field theory are\nidentified, the implied boundary conditions are derived, and the\nrenormalization of the model in $d<6$ bulk dimensions is clarified. Two\ndistinct renormalization schemes are utilized. The first is a massless one\nbased on minimal subtraction of dimensional poles and the dimensionality\nexpansion about $d=6$. To overcome its problems in going below $d=4$\ndimensions, a massive one for fixed dimensions $d\\le 4$ is constructed. The\nresulting renormalization group (or Callan Symanzik) equations are exploited to\nobtain the scaling forms of surface quantities like the dynamic structure\nfactor. In conjunction with boundary operator expansions scaling relations\nfollow that relate the critical indices of the dynamic and static infrared\nsingularities of surface quantities to familiar \\emph{static} bulk and surface\nexponents. To test the predicted scaling forms and scaling-law expressions for\nthe critical exponents involved, accurate computer-simulation data are\npresented for the dynamic surface structure factor. These are in conformity\nwith our predictions.",
        "positive": "Spatial Networks: Complex systems are very often organized under the form of networks where\nnodes and edges are embedded in space. Transportation and mobility networks,\nInternet, mobile phone networks, power grids, social and contact networks,\nneural networks, are all examples where space is relevant and where topology\nalone does not contain all the information. Characterizing and understanding\nthe structure and the evolution of spatial networks is thus crucial for many\ndifferent fields ranging from urbanism to epidemiology. An important\nconsequence of space on networks is that there is a cost associated to the\nlength of edges which in turn has dramatic effects on the topological structure\nof these networks. We will expose thoroughly the current state of our\nunderstanding of how the spatial constraints affect the structure and\nproperties of these networks. We will review the most recent empirical\nobservations and the most important models of spatial networks. We will also\ndiscuss various processes which take place on these spatial networks, such as\nphase transitions, random walks, synchronization, navigation, resilience, and\ndisease spread."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A law of order estimation and leading-order terms for a family of\n  averaged quantities on a multibaker chain system: In this study a family of local quantities defined on each partition and its\naveraging on a macroscopic small region, site, are defined on a multibaker\nchain system. On its averaged quantities, a law of order estimation (LOE) in\nthe bulk system is proved, making it possible to estimate the order of the\nquantities with respect to the representative partition scale parameter\n$\\Delta$. Moreover, the form of the leading-order terms of the averaged\nquantities is obtained, and the form enables us to have the macroscopic\nquantity in the continuum limit, as $\\Delta\\rightarrow0$, and to confirm its\npartitioning independency. These deliverables fully explain the numerical\nresults obtained by Ishida, consistent with the irreversible thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "On the Equivalence of Trapped Colloids, Pinned Vortices, and Spin Ice: We investigate the recently reported analogies between pinned vortices in\nnano-structured superconductors or colloids in optical traps, and spin ice\nmaterials. The frustration of the two models, one describing colloids and\nvortices, the other describing spin ice, differs essentially. However, their\neffective energetics is made identical by the contribution of an emergent field\nassociated to a topological charge. This equivalence extends to the local\nlow-energy dynamics of the ice manifold, yet breaks down in lattices of mixed\ncoordination, because of topological charge transfer between sub-latices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Van Der Waals Revisited: The van-der-Waals version of the second virial coefficient is not far from\nbeing exact if the model parameters are appropriately chosen. It is shown how\nthe van-der-Waals resemblance originates from the interplay of thermal\naveraging and superposition of scattering phase shift contributions. The\nderivation of the two parameters from the quantum virial coefficient reveals a\nfermion-boson symmetry in non-ideal quantum gases. Numerical details are worked\nout for the Helium quantum gases.",
        "positive": "Absorbing State Phase Transition in presence of Conserved Continuous\n  Local Field: We study absorbing state phase transition in one dimension in presence of a\nconserved continuous local field (CCLF) called energy. A pair of sites on a\nlattice is said to be active if one or both sites posses more energy than a\npre-defined threshold. The active pair of sites are allowed to redistribute\ntheir energy following a stochastic rule. We show that, the CCLF model undergo\na continuous absorbing state transition when energy per site is decreased below\na critical value. The critical exponents are found to be different from those\nof DP."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scalable probes of measurement-induced criticality: We uncover a local order parameter for measurement-induced phase transitions:\nthe average entropy of a single reference qubit initially entangled with the\nsystem. Using this order parameter, we identify scalable probes of\nmeasurement-induced criticality (MIC) that are immediately applicable to\nadvanced quantum computing platforms. We test our proposal on a 1+1 dimensional\nstabilizer circuit model that can be classically simulated in polynomial time.\nWe introduce the concept of a \"decoding light cone\" to establish the local and\nefficiently measurable nature of this probe. We also estimate bulk and surface\ncritical exponents for the transition. Developing scalable probes of MIC in\nmore general models may be a useful application of noisy-intermediate scale\nquantum (NISQ) devices, as well as point to more efficient realizations of\nfault-tolerant quantum computation.",
        "positive": "Reducing quasi-ergodicity in a double well potential by Tsallis Monte\n  Carlo simulation: A new Monte Carlo scheme based on the system of Tsallis's generalized\nstatistical mechanics is applied to a simple double well potential to calculate\nthe canonical thermal average of potential energy. Although we observed serious\nquasi-ergodicity when using the standard Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm, this\nproblem is largely reduced by the use of the new Monte Carlo algorithm.\nTherefore the ergodicity is guaranteed even for short Monte Carlo steps if we\nuse this new canonical Monte Carlo scheme."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuating Entropy Production on the Coarse-Grained Level: Inference\n  and Localization of Irreversibility: Stochastic thermodynamics provides the framework to analyze thermodynamic\nlaws and quantities along individual trajectories of small but fully observable\nsystems. If the observable level fails to capture all relevant degrees of\nfreedom, some form of effective, coarse-grained dynamics naturally emerges for\nwhich the principles of stochastic thermodynamics generally cease to be\napplicable straightforwardly. Our work unifies the notion of entropy production\nalong an individual trajectory with that of a coarse-grained dynamics by\nestablishing a framework based on snippets and Markovian events as fundamental\nbuilding blocks. A key asset of a trajectory-based fluctuating entropy\nproduction is the ability to localize individual contributions to the total\nentropy production in time and space. As an illustration and potential\napplication for inference we introduce a method for the detection of hidden\ndriving. The framework applies equally to even and odd variables and,\ntherefore, includes the peculiar case of entropy production in underdamped\nLangevin dynamics.",
        "positive": "Persistence length of semiflexible polymers and bending rigidity\n  renormalization: The persistence length of semiflexible polymers and one-dimensional fluid\nmembranes is obtained from the renormalization of their bending rigidity. The\nrenormalized bending rigidity is calculated using an exact real-space\nfunctional renormalization group transformation based on a mapping to the\none-dimensional Heisenberg model. The renormalized bending rigidity vanishes\nexponentially at large length scales and its asymptotic behaviour is used to\ndefine the persistence length. For semiflexible polymers, our result agrees\nwith the persistence length obtained using the asymptotic behaviour of tangent\ncorrelation functions. Our definition differs from the one commonly used for\nfluid membranes, which is based on a perturbative renormalization of the\nbending rigidity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phonon-Mediated Anomalous Dynamics of Defects: Dynamics of an array of line defects interacting with a background elastic\nmedium is studied in the linear regime. It is shown that the inertial coupling\nbetween the defects and the ambient phonons leads to an anomalous response\nbehavior for the deformation modes of a defect-lattice, in the form of\nanisotropic and anomalous mass and elastic constants, resonant dissipation\nthrough excitation of phonons, and instabilities. The case of a single\nfluctuating line defect is also studied, and it is shown that it could lead to\nformation of shock waves in the elastic medium for sufficiently high frequency\ndeformation modes.",
        "positive": "Understanding looping kinetics of a long polymer molecule in solution.\n  Exact solution for delta function sink model: A diffusion theory for intramolecular reactions of polymer chain in dilute\nsolution is formulated. We give a detailed analytical expression for\ncalculation of rate of polymer looping in solution. The physical problem of\nlooping can be modeled mathematically with the use of a Smoluchowski like\nequation with a Dirac delta function sink of finite strength. The solution of\nthis equation is expressed in terms of Laplace Transform of the Greens function\nfor end to end motion of the polymer in absence of the sink. We have defined\ntwo different rate constants, the long term rate constant and the short term\nrate constant. The short term rate constant and long term rate constant varies\nwith several parameters such as length of the polymer, bond length and the\nrelaxation time. The long term rate constant is independent of the initial\nprobability distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin operator matrix elements in the superintegrable chiral Potts\n  quantum chain: We derive spin operator matrix elements between general eigenstates of the\nsuperintegrable Z_N-symmetric chiral Potts quantum chain of finite length. Our\nstarting point is the extended Onsager algebra recently proposed by R.Baxter.\nFor each pair of spaces (Onsager sectors) of the irreducible representations of\nthe Onsager algebra, we calculate the spin matrix elements between the\neigenstates of the Hamiltonian of the quantum chain in factorized form, up to\nan overall scalar factor. This factor is known for the ground state Onsager\nsectors. For the matrix elements between the ground states of these sectors we\nperform the thermodynamic limit and obtain the formula for the order\nparameters. For the Ising quantum chain in a transverse field (N=2 case) the\nfactorized form for the matrix elements coincides with the corresponding\nexpressions obtained recently by the Separation of Variables Method.",
        "positive": "A Droplet within the Spherical Model: Various substances in the liquid state tend to form droplets. In this paper\nthe shape of such droplets is investigated within the spherical model of a\nlattice gas. We show that in this case the droplet boundary is always\ndiffusive, as opposed to sharp, and find the corresponding density profiles\n(droplet shapes). Translation-invariant versions of the spherical model do not\nfix the spatial location of the droplet, hence lead to mixed phases. To obtain\npure macroscopic states (which describe localized droplets) we use generalized\nquasi-averaging. Conventional quasi-averaging deforms droplets and, hence, can\nnot be used for this purpose. On the contrary, application of the generalized\nmethod of quasi-averages yields droplet shapes which do not depend on the\nmagnitude of the applied external field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aggregation models on hypergraphs: Following a newly introduced approach by Rasetti and Merelli we investigate\nthe possibility to extract topological information about the space where\ninteracting systems are modelled. From the statistical datum of their\nobservable quantities, like the correlation functions, we show how to\nreconstruct the activities of their constitutive parts which embed the\ntopological information. The procedure is implemented on a class of polymer\nmodels on hypergraphs with hard-core interactions. We show that the model\nfulfils a set of iterative relations for the partition function that generalise\nthose introduced by Heilmann and Lieb for the monomer-dimer case. After\ntranslating those relations into structural identities for the correlation\nfunctions we use them to test the precision and the robustness of the inverse\nproblem. Finally the possible presence of a further interaction of peer-to-peer\ntype is considered and a criterion to discover it is identified.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear Fluctuating Hydrodynamics in One Dimension: the Case of Two\n  Conserved Fields: We study the BS model, which is a one-dimensional lattice field theory taking\nreal values. Its dynamics is governed by coupled differential equations plus\nrandom nearest neighbor exchanges. The BS model has exactly two locally\nconserved fields. Through numerical simulations the peak structure of the\nsteady state space-time correlations is determined and compared with nonlinear\nfluctuating hydrodynamics, which predicts a traveling peak with KPZ scaling\nfunction and a standing peak with a scaling function given by the completely\nasymmetric Levy distribution with parameter $\\alpha = 5/3$. As a by-product, we\ncompletely classify the universality classes for two coupled stochastic Burgers\nequations with arbitrary coupling coefficients."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-passage Brownian functionals with stochastic resetting: We study the statistical properties of first-passage time functionals of a\none dimensional Brownian motion in the presence of stochastic resetting. A\nfirst-passage functional is defined as $V=\\int_0^{t_f} Z[x(\\tau)]$ where $t_f$\nis the first-passage time of a reset Brownian process $x(\\tau)$, i.e., the\nfirst time the process crosses zero. In here, the particle is reset to $x_R>0$\nat a constant rate $r$ starting from $x_0>0$ and we focus on the following\nfunctionals: (i) local time $T_{loc} = \\int _0^{t_f}d \\tau ~ \\delta (x-x_R)$,\n(ii) residence time $T_{res} = \\int _0^{t_f} d \\tau ~\\theta (x-x_R)$, and (iii)\nfunctionals of the form $A_n = \\int _{0}^{t_f} d \\tau [x(\\tau)]^n $ with $n\n>-2$. For first two functionals, we analytically derive the exact expressions\nfor the moments and distributions. Interestingly, the residence time moments\nreach minima at some optimal resetting rates. A similar phenomena is also\nobserved for the moments of the functional $A_n$. Finally, we show that the\ndistribution of $A_n$ for large $A_n$ decays exponentially as $\\sim\n\\text{exp}\\left( -A_n/a_n\\right)$ for all values of $n$ and the corresponding\ndecay length $a_n$ is also estimated. In particular, exact distribution for the\nfirst passage time under resetting (which corresponds to the $n=0$ case) is\nderived and shown to be exponential at large time limit in accordance with the\ngeneric observation. This behavioural drift from the underlying process can be\nunderstood as a ramification due to the resetting mechanism which curtails the\nundesired long Brownian first passage trajectories and leads to an accelerated\ncompletion. We confirm our results to high precision by numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "The application of computational mechanics to the analysis of\n  geomagnetic data: We discuss how the ideal formalism of Computational Mechanics can be adapted\nto apply to a non-infinite series of corrupted and correlated data, that is\ntypical of most observed natural time series. Specifically, a simple filter\nthat removes the corruption that creates rare unphysical causal states is\ndemonstrated, and the new concept of effective soficity is introduced. We\nbelieve that Computational Mechanics cannot be applied to a noisy and finite\ndata series without invoking an argument based upon effective soficity. A\nrelated distinction between noise and randomness is also defined: Noise can\nonly be eliminated by increasing the length of the time series, whereas the\nresolution of random structure only requires the finite memory of the analysis\nto be increased. The benefits of these new concepts are demonstrated on\nsimulated times series by (a) the effective elimination of white noise\ncorruption from a periodic signal using the expletive filter and (b) the\nappearance of an effectively sofic region in the statistical complexity of a\nbiased Poisson switch time series that is insensitive to changes in the\nwordlength (memory) used in the analysis. The new algorithm is then applied to\nanalysis of a real geomagnetic time series measured at Halley, Antarctica. Two\nprincipal components in the structure are detected that are interpreted as the\ndiurnal variation due to the rotation of the earth-based station under an\nelectrical current pattern that is fixed with respect to the sun-earth axis and\nthe random occurrence of a signature likely to be that of the magnetic\nsubstorm. In conclusion, a hypothesis is advanced about model construction in\ngeneral."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum states and specific heat of low-density He gas adsorbed within\n  the carbon nanotube interstitial channels: Band structure effects and\n  potential dependence: We calculate the energy-band structure of a He atom trapped within the\ninterstitial channel between close-packed nanotubes within a bundle and its\ninfluence on the specific heat of the adsorbed gas. A robust prediction of our\ncalculations is that the contribution of the low-density adsorbed gas to the\nspecific heat of the nanotube material shows pronounced nonmonotonic variations\nwith temperature. These variations are shown to be closely related to the band\ngaps in the adsorbate density of states.",
        "positive": "Insights gained from solvable models into a variety of phase\n  transitions, including emergent assemblies plus isoelectronic series of\n  atomic ions: Three solvable models are set out in some detail in reviewing different types\nof phase transitions. Two of these relate directly to emergent critical\nphenomena, viz. melting and magnetic transitions in heavy rare-earth metals,\nand secondly, via the $3d$ Ising model, to critical behaviour in an insulating\nferromagnet such as CrBr$_3$. The final `transition', however, concerns\nionization of an electron in an isoelectronic series with $N$ electrons as the\natomic number $Z$ is reduced below that of the neutral atom. These solvable\nmodels are, throughout, brought into contact either with experiment, or with\nvery precise numerical modelling on real materials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Continuous Markovian model for Levy random walks with superdiffusive and\n  superballistic regimes: We consider a previously devised model describing Levy random walks (Phys.\nRev E 79, 011110; 80, 031148, (2009)). It is demonstrated numerically that the\ngiven model describes Levy random walks with superdiffusive, ballistic, as well\nas superballistic dynamics. Previously only the superdiffusive regime has been\nanalyzed. In this model the walker velocity is governed by a nonlinear Langevin\nequation. Analyzing the crossover from small to large time scales we find the\ntime scales on which the velocity correlations decay and the walker motion\nessentially exhibits Levy statistics. Our analysis is based on the analysis of\nthe geometric means of walker displacements and allows us to tackle probability\ndensity functions with power-law tails and, correspondingly, divergent moments.",
        "positive": "Investigation on the critical dynamics of real magnetics models by\n  computational physics methods: The critical dynamics of classical 3D Heisenberg model and complex model of\nthe real antiferromagnetic Cr2O3 is investigated with use of the method of\nmolecular dynamics. The dynamic critical exponent z are determined for these\nmodels on the basis of the theory dynamic finite-size scaling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics and efficiency of a self-propelled, diffusiophoretic swimmer: Active diffusiophoresis - swimming through interaction with a self-generated,\nneutral, solute gradient - is a paradigm for autonomous motion at the\nmicrometer scale. We study this propulsion mechanism within a linear response\ntheory. Firstly, we consider several aspects relating to the dynamics of the\nswimming particle. We extend established analytical formulae to describe small\nswimmers, which interact with their environment on a finite lengthscale. Solute\nconvection is also taken into account. Modeling of the chemical reaction\nreveals a coupling between the angular distribution of reactivity on the\nswimmer and the concentration field. This effect, which we term \"reaction\ninduced concentration distortion\", strongly influences the particle speed.\nBuilding on these insights, we employ irreversible, linear thermodynamics to\nformulate an energy balance. This approach highlights the importance of solute\nconvection for a consistent treatment of the energetics. The efficiency of\nswimming is calculated numerically and approximated analytically. Finally, we\ndefine an efficiency of transport for swimmers which are moving in random\ndirections. It is shown that this efficiency scales as the inverse of the\nmacroscopic distance over which transport is to occur.",
        "positive": "A simple mathematical proof of Boltzmann's equal a priori probability\n  hypothesis: Using the Dissipation Theorem and a corollary of the Fluctuation Theorem,\nnamely the Second Law Inequality, we give a first-principles derivation of\nBoltzmann's postulate of equal a priori probability in phase space for the\nmicrocanonical ensemble. We show that if the initial distribution differs from\nthe uniform distribution over the energy hypersurface, then under very wide and\ncommonly satisfied conditions, the initial distribution will relax to that\nuniform distribution. This result is somewhat analogous to the Boltzmann\nH-theorem but unlike that theorem, applies to dense fluids as well as dilute\ngases and also permits a nonmonotonic relaxation to equilibrium. We also prove\nthat in ergodic systems the uniform (microcanonical) distribution is the only\nstationary, dissipationless distribution for the constant energy ensemble."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to \"Incommensurate vortices and phase transitions in\n  two-dimensional XY models with interaction having auxiliary minima\" by S. E.\n  Korshunov: We present a rigorous proof and extensive numerical simulations showing the\nexistence of a transition between the paramagnetic and nematic phases, in a\nclass of generalized XY models. This confirms the topology of the phase diagram\ncalculated by Poderoso et al. [PRL 106(2011)067202]. The results disprove the\nheuristic argument presented by Korshunov in arXiv:1207.2349v1, against the\nexistence of the generalized-nematic phase in a model with $q=3$.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium phase transition in a model for social influence: We present extensive numerical simulations of the Axelrod's model for social\ninfluence, aimed at understanding the formation of cultural domains. This is a\nnonequilibrium model with short range interactions and a remarkably rich\ndynamical behavior. We study the phase diagram of the model and uncover a\nnonequilibrium phase transition separating an ordered (culturally polarized)\nphase from a disordered (culturally fragmented) one. The nature of the phase\ntransition can be continuous or discontinuous depending on the model\nparameters. At the transition, the size of cultural regions is power-law\ndistributed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large fluctuations and dynamic phase transition in a system of\n  self-propelled particles: We study the statistics, in stationary conditions, of the work $W_\\tau$ done\nby the active force in different systems of self-propelled particles in a time\n$\\tau$. We show the existence of a critical value $W_\\tau ^\\dag$ such that\nfluctuations with $W_\\tau >W_\\tau ^\\dag$ correspond to configurations where\ninteraction between particles plays a minor role whereas those with $W_\\tau <\nW_\\tau ^\\dag$ represent states with single particles dragged by clusters. This\ntwo-fold behavior is fully mirrored by the probability distribution $P(W_\\tau)$\nof the work, which does not obey the large-deviation principle for $W_\\tau\n<W_\\tau ^\\dag$. This pattern of behavior can be interpreted as due to a phase\ntransition occurring at the level of fluctuating quantities and an order\nparameter is correspondingly identified.",
        "positive": "Implication of Barrier Fluctuations on the Rate of Weakly Adiabatic\n  Electron Transfer: The problem of escape of a Brownian particle in a cusp-shaped metastable\npotential is of special importance in nonadiabatic and weakly-adiabatic rate\ntheory for electron transfer (ET) reactions. Especially, for the\nweakly-adiabatic reactions, the reaction follows an adiabaticity criterion in\nthe presence of a sharp barrier. In contrast to the non-adiabatic case, the ET\nkinetics can be, however considerably influenced by the medium dynamics.\n  In this paper, the problem of the escape time over a dichotomously\nfluctuating cusp barrier is discussed with its relevance to the high\ntemperature ET reactions in condensed media."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The intrinsic non-equilibrium nature of thermophoresis: Exposing a solution to a temperature gradient can lead to the accumulation of\nparticles on either the cold or warm side. This phenomenon, known as\nthermophoresis, has been discovered more than a century ago, and yet its\nmicroscopic origin is still debated. Here, we show that thermophoresis can be\nobserved in any system such that the transitions between different internal\nstates are modulated by temperature and such that different internal states\nhave different transport properties. We establish thermophoresis as a genuine\nnon-equilibrium effect, whereby a system of currents in real and internal space\nthat is consistent with the thermodynamic necessity of transporting heat from\nwarm to cold regions. Our approach also provides an expression for the Soret\ncoefficient, which decides whether particles accumulate on the cold or on the\nwarm side, that is associated with the correlation between the energies of the\ninternal states and their transport properties, that instead remain\nsystem-specific quantities. Finally, we connect our results to previous\napproaches based on close-to-equilibrium energetics. Our thermodynamically\nconsistent approach thus encompasses and generalizes previous findings.",
        "positive": "Percolation in Hierarchical Scale-Free Nets: We study the percolation phase transition in hierarchical scale-free nets.\nDepending on the method of construction, the nets can be fractal or small-world\n(the diameter grows either algebraically or logarithmically with the net size),\nassortative or disassortative (a measure of the tendency of like-degree nodes\nto be connected to one another), or possess various degrees of clustering. The\npercolation phase transition can be analyzed exactly in all these cases, due to\nthe self-similar structure of the hierarchical nets. We find different types of\ncriticality, illustrating the crucial effect of other structural properties\nbesides the scale-free degree distribution of the nets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of an ideal generalized gas:II Means of order $\u03b1$: The property that power means are monotonically increasing functions of their\norder is shown to be the basis of the second laws not only for processes\ninvolving heat conduction but also for processes involving deformations. In an\n$L$-potentail equilibration the final state will be one of maximum entropy,\nwhile in an entropy equilibrium the final state will be one of minimum $L$. A\nmetric space is connected with the power means, and the distance between means\nof different order is related to the Carnot efficiency. In the ideal classical\ngas limit, the average change in the entropy is shown to be proportional to the\ndifference between the Shannon and R\\'enyi entropies for nonextensive systems\nthat are multifractal in nature. The $L$-potential, like the internal energy,\nis a Schur convex function of the empirical temperature, which satisfies\nJensen's inequality, and serves as a measure of the tendency to uniformity in\nprocesses involving pure thermal conduction.",
        "positive": "Dark soliton past a finite-size obstacle: We consider the collision of a dark soliton with an obstacle in a\nquasi-one-dimensional Bose condensate. We show that in many respects the\nsoliton behaves as an effective classical particle of mass twice the mass of a\nbare particle, evolving in an effective potential which is a convolution of the\nactual potential describing the obstacle. Radiative effects beyond this\napproximation are also taken into account. The emitted waves are shown to form\ntwo counterpropagating wave packets, both moving at the speed of sound. We\ndetermine, at leading order, the total amount of radiation emitted during the\ncollision and compute the acceleration of the soliton due to the collisional\nprocess. It is found that the radiative process is quenched when the velocity\nof the soliton reaches the velocity of sound in the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of fluctuation correlation in periodically driven classical\n  system: Having established the fact that interacting classical kicked rotor systems\nexhibit long-lived prethermal phase with quasi-conserved average Hamiltonian\nbefore entering into chaotic heating regime, we use spatio-temporal fluctuation\ncorrelation of kinetic energy to probe the above dynamic phases. We remarkably\nfind the diffusive transport of fluctuation in the prethermal regime reminding\nus the underlying hydrodynamic picture in a generalized Gibbs ensemble with a\ndefinite temperature that depends on the driving parameter and initial\nconditions. On the other hand, the heating regime, characterized by a diffusive\ngrowth of kinetic energy, can sharply localize the correlation at the\nfluctuation center for all time. Consequently, we attribute non-diffusive and\nnon-localize structure of correlation to the crossover regime, connecting the\nprethermal phase to the heating phase, where the kinetic energy displays\ncomplicated growth structure. We understand these numerical findings using the\nnotion of relative phase matching where prethermal phase (heating regime)\nrefers to an effectively coupled (isolated) nature of the rotors. We exploit\nthe statistical uncorrelated nature of the angles of the rotors in the heating\nregime to find the analytical form of the correlator that mimics our numerical\nresults in a convincing way.",
        "positive": "On the critical behavior of disordered quantum magnets: The relevance of\n  rare regions: The effects of quenched disorder on the critical properties of itinerant\nquantum antiferromagnets and ferromagnets are considered. Particular attention\nis paid to locally ordered spatial regions that are formed in the presence of\nquenched disorder even when the bulk system is still in the paramagnetic phase.\nThese rare regions or local moments are reflected in the existence of spatially\ninhomogeneous saddle points of the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson functional. We derive\nan effective theory that takes into account small fluctuations around all of\nthese saddle points. The resulting free energy functional contains a new term\nin addition to those obtained within the conventional perturbative approach,\nand it comprises what would be considered non-perturbative effects within the\nlatter. A renormalization group analysis shows that in the case of\nantiferromagnets, the previously found critical fixed point is unstable with\nrespect to this new term, and that no stable critical fixed point exists at\none-loop order. This is contrasted with the case of itinerant ferromagnets,\nwhere we find that the previously found critical behavior is unaffected by the\nrare regions due to an effective long-ranged interaction between the order\nparameter fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of a Complex Quantum Magnet: We have computed the low energy quantum states and low frequency dynamical\nsusceptibility of complex quantum spin systems in the limit of strong\ninteractions, obtaining exact results for system sizes enormously larger than\naccessible previously. The ground state is a complex superposition of a\nsubstantial fraction of all the classical ground states, and yet the dynamical\nsusceptibility exhibits sharp resonances reminiscent of the behavior of single\nspins. These results show that strongly interacting quantum systems can\norganize to generate coherent excitations and shed light on recent experiments\ndemonstrating that coherent excitations are present in a disordered spin\nliquid. The dependence of the energy spectra on system size differs\nqualitatively from that of the energy spectra of random undirected bipartite\ngraphs with similar statistics, implying that strong interactions are giving\nrise to these unusual spectral properties.",
        "positive": "Ordering of dipolar Ising crystals: We study Ising systems of spins with dipolar interactions. We find a simple\napproximate relation for the interaction energy between pairs of parallel\nlattice columns of spins running along the Ising spin direction. This relation\nprovides insight into the relation between lattice geometry and the nature of\nthe ordered state. It can be used to calculate ground state energies. We have\nalso obtained ground state energies and ordering temperatures T_0 from Monte\nCarlo simulations. Simple empirical relations, that give T_0 for simple and\nbody centered tetragonal lattices in terms of lattice parameters are also\nestablished. Finally, the nature of the ordered state and T_0 are determined\nfor Fe_8 clusters, which crystallize on a triclinic lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Monte Carlo algorithm to measure probabilities of rare events in\n  cluster-cluster aggregation: We develop a biased Monte Carlo algorithm to measure probabilities of rare\nevents in cluster-cluster aggregation for arbitrary collision kernels. Given a\ntrajectory with a fixed number of collisions, the algorithm modifies both the\nwaiting times between collisions, as well as the sequence of collisions, using\nlocal moves. We show that the algorithm is ergodic by giving a protocol that\ntransforms an arbitrary trajectory to a standard trajectory using valid Monte\nCarlo moves. The algorithm can sample rare events with probabilities of the\norder of $10^{-40}$ and lower. The algorithm's effectiveness in sampling\nlow-probability events is established by showing that the numerical results for\nthe large deviation function of constant-kernel aggregation reproduce the exact\nresults. It is shown that the algorithm can obtain the large deviation\nfunctions for other kernels, including gelling ones, as well as the instanton\ntrajectories for atypical times. The dependence of the autocorrelation times,\nboth temporal and configurational, on the different parameters of the algorithm\nis also characterized.",
        "positive": "Entanglement negativity in two-dimensional free lattice models: We study the scaling properties of the ground-state entanglement between\nfinite subsystems of infinite two-dimensional free lattice models, as measured\nby the logarithmic negativity. For adjacent regions with a common boundary, we\nobserve that the negativity follows a strict area law for a lattice of harmonic\noscillators, whereas for fermionic hopping models the numerical results\nindicate a multiplicative logarithmic correction. In this latter case, we\nconjecture a formula for the prefactor of the area-law violating term, which is\nentirely determined by the geometries of the Fermi surface and the boundary\nbetween the subsystems. The conjecture is tested against numerical results and\na good agreement is found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium stationary states of 3D self-gravitating systems: Three dimensional self-gravitating systems do not evolve to thermodynamic\nequilibrium, but become trapped in nonequilibrium quasistationary states. In\nthis Letter we present a theory which allows us to a priori predict the\nparticle distribution in a final quasistationary state to which a\nself-gravitating system will evolve from an initial condition which is\nisotropic in particle velocities and satisfies a virial constraint 2K=-U, where\nK is the total kinetic energy and U is the potential energy of the system.",
        "positive": "Stochastic thermodynamics of a tagged particle within a harmonic chain: We study the stochastic thermodynamics of an overdamped harmonic chain, which\ncan be viewed equivalently as a 1D Rouse chain or as an approximate model of\nsingle file diffusion. We discuss mainly two levels of description of this\nsystem: the Markovian level for which the trajectories of all the particles of\nthe chain are known and the non-Markovian level in which only the motion of a\ntagged particle is available. For each case, we analyze the energy dissipation\nand its dependence on initial conditions. Surprisingly, we find that the\naverage coarse-grained entropy production rate can become transiently negative\nwhen an oscillating force is applied to the tagged particle. This occurs due to\nmemory effects as shown in a framework based on path integrals or on a\ngeneralized Langevin equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Theory and computer simulation for the equation of state of\n  additive hard-disk fluid mixtures\": A flaw in the comparison between two different theoretical equations of state\nfor a binary mixture of additive hard disks and Monte Carlo results, as\nrecently reported in C. Barrio and J. R. Solana, Phys. Rev. E 63, 011201\n(2001), is pointed out. It is found that both proposals, which require the\nequation of state of the single component system as input, lead to comparable\naccuracy but the one advocated by us [A. Santos, S. B. Yuste, and M. L\\'{o}pez\nde Haro, Mol. Phys. 96, 1 (1999)] is simpler and complies with the exact limit\nin which the small disks are point particles.",
        "positive": "Probing a non-biaxial behavior of infinitely thin hard platelets: We give a criterion to test a non-biaxial behavior of infinitely thin hard\nplatelets of $D_{2h}$ symmetry based upon the components of three order\nparameter tensors. We investigated the nematic behavior of monodisperse\ninfinitely thin rectangular hard platelet systems by using the criterion.\nStarting with a square platelet system, and we compared it with rectangular\nplatelet systems of various aspect ratios. For each system, we performed\nequilibration runs by using isobaric Monte Carlo simulations. Each system did\nnot show a biaxial nematic behavior but a uniaxial nematic one, despite of the\nshape anisotropy of those platelets. The relationship between effective\ndiameters by simulations and theoretical effective diameters of the above\nsystems was also determined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization and structure in an adaptive oscillator network: We analyze the interplay of synchronization and structure evolution in an\nevolving network of phase oscillators. An initially random network is\nadaptively rewired according to the dynamical coherence of the oscillators, in\norder to enhance their mutual synchronization. We show that the evolving\nnetwork reaches a small-world structure. Its clustering coefficient attains a\nmaximum for an intermediate intensity of the coupling between oscillators,\nwhere a rich diversity of synchronized oscillator groups is observed. In the\nstationary state, these synchronized groups are directly associated with\nnetwork clusters.",
        "positive": "The Collective Coordinates Jacobian: We develop an expansion for the Jacobian of the transformation from particle\ncoordinates to collective coordinates. As a demonstration, we use the lowest\norder of the expansion in conjunction with a variational principle to obtain\nthe Percus Yevick equation for a monodisperse hard sphere system and the\nLebowitz equations for a polydisperse hard sphere system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noisy bounded confidence models for opinion dynamics: the effect of\n  boundary conditions on phase transitions: We study SDE and PDE models for opinion dynamics under bounded confidence,\nfor a range of different boundary conditions, with and without the inclusion of\na radical population. We perform exhaustive numerical studies with\npseudospectral methods to determine the effects of the boundary conditions,\nsuggesting that the no-flux case most faithfully reproduce the underlying\nmechanisms in the associated deterministic models of Hegselmann and Krause. We\nalso compare the SDE and PDE models, and use tools from analysis to study phase\ntransitions, including a systematic description of an order parameter.",
        "positive": "A unified theory of emergent equilibrium phenomena in active and passive\n  matter: Recent attempts towards a theory of active matter utilize concepts and\nmethods from hydrodynamics, kinetic theory, and non-equilibrium statistical\nphysics. However, such approaches typically do not seem to recognize the\ncritical feature of some kinds of active matter (particularly the biological\nones), namely, the role of purpose, and the naturally attendant concept of the\npursuit of maximum utility, which we believe is the crucial difference between\nactive and passive matter. Here we introduce a novel game-theoretic framework,\nstatistical teleodynamics, that accounts for this feature explicitly and show\nhow it can be integrated with conventional statistical mechanics to develop a\nunified theory of arbitrage equilibrium in active and passive matter. We\npropose a spectrum of self-actualizing capabilities, going from none to\ncompletely strategic decision-making, and envision the various examples of\nactive matter systems occupying someplace in this spectrum. We show how\nstatistical teleodynamics reduces to familiar results in statistical mechanics\nin the limit of zero self-actualization. At the other extreme, in an economic\nsetting, it provides novel insights about the emergence of income distributions\nand their fairness in an ideal free-market society. As examples of agents in\nbetween these limits, we show how our theory predicts the behavior of active\nBrownian particles, the emergence of ant craters, and phase equilibria in\nsocial segregation dynamics. We suggest that our theory offers a novel systems\ntheoretic perspective of emergent phenomena that could serve as the starting\npoint for a more comprehensive theory of design, control, and optimization\nthrough self-organization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase equilibria and fractionation in a polydisperse fluid: We describe how Monte Carlo simulation within the grand canonical ensemble\ncan be applied to the study of phase behaviour in polydisperse fluids.\nAttention is focused on the case of fixed polydispersity in which the form of\nthe `parent' density distribution $\\rho^\\circ(\\sigma)$ of the polydisperse\nattribute $\\sigma$ is prescribed. Recently proposed computational methods\nfacilitate determination of the chemical potential distribution conjugate to\n$\\rho^\\circ(\\sigma)$. By additionally incorporating extended sampling\ntechniques within this approach, the compositions of coexisting (`daughter')\nphases can be obtained and fractionation effects quantified. As a case study,\nwe investigate the liquid-vapor phase equilibria of a size-disperse\nLennard-Jones fluid exhibiting a large ($\\delta=40%$) degree of polydispersity.\nCloud and shadow curves are obtained, the latter of which exhibit a high degree\nof fractionation with respect to the parent. Additionally, we observe\nconsiderable broadening of the coexistence region relative to the monodisperse\nlimit.",
        "positive": "Unitary matrix integrals, symmetric polynomials, and long-range random\n  walks: Unitary matrix integrals over symmetric polynomials play an important role in\na wide variety of applications, including random matrix theory, gauge theory,\nnumber theory, and enumerative combinatorics. We derive novel results on such\nintegrals and apply these and other identities to correlation functions of\nlong-range random walks (LRRW) consisting of hard-core bosons. We generalize an\nidentity due to Diaconis and Shahshahani which computes unitary matrix\nintegrals over products of power sum polynomials. This allows us to derive two\nexpressions for unitary matrix integrals over Schur polynomials, which can be\ndirectly applied to LRRW correlation functions. We then demonstrate a duality\nbetween distinct LRRW models, which we refer to as quasi-local particle-hole\nduality. We note a relation between the multiplication properties of power sum\npolynomials of degree $n$ and fermionic particles hopping by $n$ sites. This\nallows us to compute LRRW correlation functions in terms of auxiliary fermionic\nrather than hard-core bosonic systems. Inverting this reasoning leads to\nvarious results on long-range fermionic models as well. In principle, all\nresults derived in this work can be implemented in experimental setups such as\ntrapped ion systems, where LRRW models appear as an effective description. We\nfurther suggest specific correlation functions which may be applied to the\nbenchmarking of such experimental setups."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simple analytical model of a thermal diode: Recently there is a lot of attention given to manipulation of heat by\nconstructing thermal devices such as thermal diodes, transistors and logic\ngates. Many of the models proposed have an asymmetry which leads to the desired\neffect. Presence of non-linear interactions among the particles is also\nessential. But, such models lack analytical understanding. Here we propose a\nsimple, analytically solvable model of a thermal diode. Our model consists of\nclassical spins in contact with multiple heat baths and constant external\nmagnetic fields. Interestingly the magnetic field is the only parameter\nrequired to get the effect of heat rectification.",
        "positive": "The Renyi entropy as a \"free entropy\" for complex systems: The Boltzmann entropy $S^{(B)}$ is true in the case of equal probability of\nall microstates of a system. In the opposite case it should be averaged over\nall microstates that gives rise to the Boltzmann--Shannon entropy (BSE).\nMaximum entropy principle (MEP) for the BSE leads to the Gibbs canonical\ndistribution that is incompatible with power--low distributions typical for\ncomplex system. This brings up the question: Does the maximum of BSE correspond\nto an equilibrium (or steady) state of the complex system? Indeed, the\nequilibrium state of a thermodynamic system which exchange heat with a\nthermostat corresponds to maximum of Helmholtz free energy rather than to\nmaximum of average energy, that is internal energy $U$. Following derivation of\nHelmholtz free energy the Renyi entropy is derived as a cumulant average of the\nBoltzmann entropy for systems which exchange an entropy with the thermostat.\nThe application of MEP to the Renyi entropy gives rise to the Renyi\ndistribution for an isolated system. It is investigated for a particular case\nof a power--law Hamiltonian. Both Lagrange parameters, $\\alpha$ and $\\beta$ can\nbe eliminated. It is found that $\\beta$ does not depend on a Renyi parameter\n$q$ and can be expressed in terms of an exponent $\\kappa$ of the power--law\nHamiltonian and $U$. The Renyi entropy for the resulting Renyi distribution\nreaches its maximal value at $q=1/(1+\\kappa)$ that can be considered as the\nmost probable value of $q$ when we have no additional information on behavior\nof the stochastic process. The Renyi distribution for such $q$ becomes a\npower--law distribution with the exponent $-(\\kappa +1)$. Such a picture\ncorresponds to some observed phenomena in complex systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite size scaling in three-dimensional bootstrap percolation: We consider the problem of bootstrap percolation on a three dimensional\nlattice and we study its finite size scaling behavior. Bootstrap percolation is\nan example of Cellular Automata defined on the $d$-dimensional lattice\n$\\{1,2,...,L\\}^d$ in which each site can be empty or occupied by a single\nparticle; in the starting configuration each site is occupied with probability\n$p$, occupied sites remain occupied for ever, while empty sites are occupied by\na particle if at least $\\ell$ among their $2d$ nearest neighbor sites are\noccupied. When $d$ is fixed, the most interesting case is the one $\\ell=d$:\nthis is a sort of threshold, in the sense that the critical probability $p_c$\nfor the dynamics on the infinite lattice ${\\Bbb Z}^d$ switches from zero to one\nwhen this limit is crossed. Finite size effects in the three-dimensional case\nare already known in the cases $\\ell\\le 2$: in this paper we discuss the case\n$\\ell=3$ and we show that the finite size scaling function for this problem is\nof the form $f(L)={\\mathrm{const}}/\\ln\\ln L$. We prove a conjecture proposed by\nA.C.D. van Enter.",
        "positive": "Random telegraph processes with non-local memory: We study two-state (dichotomous, telegraph) random ergodic continuous-time\nprocesses with dynamics depending on their past. We take into account the\nhistory of process in an explicit form by introducing an integral non-local\nmemory term into the conditional probability function. We start from an\nexpression for the conditional transition probability function describing\nadditive multi-step binary random chain and show that the telegraph processes\ncan be considered as continuous-time interpolations of discrete-time\ndichotomous random sequences. An equation involving the memory function and the\ntwo-point correlation function of the telegraph process is analytically\nobtained. This integral equation defines the correlation properties of the\nprocesses with given memory functions. It also serves as a tool for solving the\ninverse problem, namely for generation of a telegraph process with a prescribed\npair correlation function. We obtain analytically the correlation functions of\nthe telegraph processes with two exactly solvable examples of memory functions\nand support these results by numerical simulations of the corresponding\ntelegraph processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ideal Polymers near Scale-Free Surfaces: The number of allowed configurations of a polymer is reduced by the presence\nof a repulsive surface resulting in an entropic force between them. We develop\na method to calculate the entropic force, and detailed pressure distribution,\nfor long ideal polymers near a scale-free repulsive surface. For infinite\npolymers the monomer density is related to the electrostatic potential near a\nconducting surface of a charge placed at the point where the polymer end is\nheld. Pressure of the polymer on the surface is then related to the charge\ndensity distribution in the electrostatic problem. We derive explicit\nexpressions for pressure distributions and monomer densities for ideal polymers\nnear a two- or three-dimensional wedge, and for a circular cone in three\ndimensions. Pressure of the polymer diverges near sharp corners in a manner\nresembling (but not identical to) the electric field divergence near conducting\nsurfaces. We provide formalism for calculation of all components of the total\nforce in situations without axial symmetry.",
        "positive": "Critical behaviour of the bond-interacting self-avoiding walk: The phase diagram for the bond-interacting self-avoiding walk is calculated\nusing transfer matrices on finite strips. The model is shown to have a richer\nphase diagram than the related $\\Theta$-point model. In addition to the\nstandard collapse transition, we conjecture the existence of a line of\ntransitions in the Berezinskii--Kosterlitz--Thouless (BKT) universality class,\nterminating in a critical end point. Our results are in contradiction with a\nprevious transfer matrix calculation by Machado K D, de Oliveira M J and Stilck\nJ F 2001 {\\em Phys Rev E} {\\bf 64} 051810."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Typicality for Generalized Microcanonical Ensembles: For a macroscopic, isolated quantum system in an unknown pure state, the\nexpectation value of any given observable is shown to hardly deviate from the\nensemble average with extremely high probability under generic equilibrium and\nnonequilibrium conditions. Special care is devoted to the uncontrollable\nmicroscopic details of the system state. For a subsystem weakly coupled to a\nlarge heat bath, the canonical ensemble is recovered under much more general\nand realistic assumptions than those implicit in the usual microcanonical\ndescription of the composite system at equilibrium.",
        "positive": "A c-theorem for the entanglement entropy: The combination of the Lorentz symmetry and the strong subadditive property\nof the entropy leads to a c-theorem for the entanglement entropy in 1+1\ndimensions. We present a simple derivation of this theorem and compare the\nassociated c-functions with the Zamolodchikov's ones for the case of free\nfields. We discuss the various difficulties which obstacle the naive\ngeneralizations of the entropic c-theorem to higher dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion Enhancement of Brownian Motors Revealed by a Solvable Model: A solvable model is proposed and analyzed to reveal the mechanism underlying\nthe diffusion enhancement recently reported for a model of molecular motors and\npredicted to be observed in the biological rotary motor $\\rm F_1$-ATPase. It\nturns out that the diffusion enhancement for the present model can\napproximately described by a random walk in which the waiting time for a step\nto occur is exponentially distributed and it takes nonzero time to proceed\nforward by the step. It is shown that the diffusion coefficient of such a\nrandom walk can significantly be increased when the average waiting time is\ncomparable to the average stepping time.",
        "positive": "Mutual information scrambling in Ising spin chain: We consider a chain of spin-half particles of a finite length, evolved with\nthe mixed-field Ising Hamiltonian and impose open boundary condition. We\nsimulate the time evolution of entanglement entropy and mutual information\nfollowing quench from the N\\'eel state in this system using tensor networks. We\nfind that the entanglement entropy for non-integrable systems saturates to a\nconstant value at late times, however it continues to oscillate for integrable\nsystems. We also find that mutual information peaks as a function of distance\nbetween intervals decay faster for non-integrable systems compared to\nintegrable systems, in agreement with the conclusion of \\cite{Alba:2019ybw} for\nXXZ chains. We compare the oscillations in entanglement entropy evolution\nobtained from simulations in the integrable case with analytic results from\nquasi-particle picture and find agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady states and phase transitions in heterogeneous asymmetric\n  exclusion processes: We study the nonequilibrium steady states in totally asymmetric exclusion\nprocesses (TASEP) with open boundary conditions having spatially inhomogeneous\nhopping rates. Considering smoothly varying hopping rates, we show that the\nsteady states are in general classified by the steady state currents in direct\nanalogy with open TASEPs having uniform hopping rates. We calculate the steady\nstate bulk density profiles, which are now spatially nonuniform. We also obtain\nthe phase diagrams in the plane of the control parameters, which though have\nphase boundaries that are in general curved lines, have the same topology as\ntheir counterparts for conventional open TASEPs, independent of the form of the\nhopping rate functions. This reveals a type of universality, not encountered in\ncritical phenomena. Surprisingly and in contrast to the phase transitions in an\nopen TASEP with uniform hopping, our studies on the phase transitions in the\nmodel reveal that all the three transitions are {\\em first order} in nature. {\nWe also demonstrate that this model admits delocalised domain walls (DDWs) on\nthe phase boundaries demarcating the generalised low and high density phases in\nthis model. However, in contrast to the DDWs observed in an open TASEP with\nuniform hopping, the envelopes of the DDWs in the present model are generally\ncurved lines.}",
        "positive": "Approach to thermal equilibrium in harmonic crystals with polyatomic\n  lattice: We study transient thermal processes in infinite harmonic crystals with\ncomplex (polyatomic) lattice. Initially particles have zero displacements and\nrandom velocities such that distribution of temperature is spatially uniform.\nInitial kinetic and potential energies are different and therefore the system\nis far from thermal equilibrium. Time evolution of kinetic temperatures,\ncorresponding to different degrees of freedom of the unit cell, is\ninvestigated. It is shown that the temperatures oscillate in time and tend to\ngenerally different equilibrium values. The oscillations are caused by two\nphysical processes: equilibration of kinetic and potential energies and\nredistribution of temperature among degrees of freedom of the unit cell. An\nexact formula describing these oscillations is obtained. At large times, a\ncrystal approaches thermal equilibrium, i.e. a state in which the temperatures\nare constant in time. A relation between equilibrium values of the temperatures\nand initial conditions is derived. This relation is refereed to as the\nnon-equipartition theorem. For illustration, transient thermal processes in a\ndiatomic chain and graphene lattice are considered. Analytical results are\nsupported by numerical solution of lattice dynamics equations.\n  ${\\bf Keywords}$: thermal equilibrium; stationary state; approach to\nequilibrium; polyatomic lattice; complex lattice; kinetic temperature; harmonic\ncrystal; transient processes; equipartition theorem; temperature matrix."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat conduction in a one-dimensional gas of elastically colliding\n  particles of unequal masses: We study the nonequlibrium state of heat conduction in a one-dimensional\nsystem of hard point particles of unequal masses interacting through elastic\ncollisions. A BBGKY-type formulation is presented and some exact results are\nobtained from it. Extensive numerical simulations for the two-mass problem\nindicate that even for arbitrarily small mass differences, a nontrivial steady\nstate is obtained. This state exhibits local thermal equilibrium and has a\ntemperature profile in accordance with the predictions of kinetic theory. The\ntemperature jumps typically seen in such studies are shown to be finite-size\neffects. The thermal conductivity appears to have a very slow divergence with\nsystem size, different from that seen in most other systems.",
        "positive": "Acceptance rate is a thermodynamic function in local Monte Carlo\n  algorithms: We study properties of Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations of classical spin\nmodels with local updates. We derive analytic expressions for the mean value of\nthe acceptance rate of single-spin-flip algorithms for the one-dimensional\nIsing model. We find that for the Metropolis algorithm the average acceptance\nrate is a linear function of energy. We further provide numerical results for\nthe energy dependence of the average acceptance rate for the 3- and 4-state\nPotts model, and the XY model in one and two spatial dimensions. In all cases,\nthe acceptance rate is an almost linear function of the energy in the critical\nregion. The variance of the acceptance rate is studied as a function of the\nspecific heat. While the specific heat develops a singularity in the vicinity\nof a phase transition, the variance of the acceptance rate stays finite."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Active Walker Model for the Formation of Human and Animal Trail Systems: Active walker models have recently proved their great value for describing\nthe formation of clusters, periodic patterns, and spiral waves as well as the\ndevelopment of rivers, dielectric breakdown patterns, and many other\nstructures. It is shown that they also allow to simulate the formation of trail\nsystems by pedestrians and ants, yielding a better understanding of human and\nanimal behavior. A comparison with empirical material shows a good agreement\nbetween model and reality.\n  Our trail formation model includes an equation of motion, an equation for\nenvironmental changes, and an orientation relation. It contains some model\nfunctions, which are specified according to the characteristics of the\nconsidered animals or pedestrians. Not only the kind of environmental changes\ndiffers: Whereas pedestrians leave footprints on the ground, ants produce\nchemical markings for their orientation. Nevertheless, it is more important\nthat pedestrians steer towards a certain destination, while ants usually find\ntheir food sources by chance, i.e. they reach their destination in a stochastic\nway. As a consequence, the typical structure of the evolving trail systems\ndepends on the respective species. Some ant species produce a dendritic trail\nsystem, whereas pedestrians generate a minimal detour system.\n  The trail formation model can be used as a tool for the optimization of\npedestrian facilities: It allows urban planners to design convenient way\nsystems which actually meet the route choice habits of pedestrians.",
        "positive": "Rare region effects in the contact process on networks: Networks and dynamical processes occurring on them have become a paradigmatic\nrepresentation of complex systems. Studying the role of quenched disorder, both\nintrinsic to nodes and topological, is a key challenge. With this in mind, here\nwe analyse the contact process, i.e. the simplest model for propagation\nphenomena, with node-dependent infection rates (i.e. intrinsic quenched\ndisorder) on complex networks. We find Griffiths phases and other rare region\neffects, leading rather generically to anomalously slow (algebraic,\nlogarithmic, etc.) relaxation, on Erd\\H{o}s-R\\'enyi networks. We predict\nsimilar effects to exist for other topologies as long as a non-vanishing\npercolation threshold exists. More strikingly, we find that Griffiths phases\ncan also emerge --even with constant epidemic rates-- as a consequence of mere\ntopological heterogeneity. In particular, we find Griffiths phases in finite\ndimensional networks as, for instance, a family of generalized small-world\nnetworks. These results have a broad spectrum of implications for propagation\nphenomena and other dynamical processes on networks, and are relevant for the\nanalysis of both models and empirical data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Premelting, fluctuations and coarse-graining of water-ice interfaces: Using statistical field theory supplemented with molecular dynamics\nsimulations, we consider premelting on the surface of ice as a generic\nconsequence of broken hydrogen bonds at the boundary between the condensed and\ngaseous phases. A procedure for coarse-graining molecular configurations onto a\ncontinuous scalar order parameter field is discussed, which provides a\nconvenient representation of the interface between locally crystal-like and\nlocally liquid-like regions. A number of interfacial properties are\nstraightforwardly evaluated using this procedure such as the average premelting\nthickness and surface tension. The temperature and system size dependence of\nthe premelting layer thickness calculated in this way confirms the\ncharacteristic logarithmic growth expected for the scalar field theory that the\nsystem is mapped onto through coarse-graining, though remains finite due to\nlong-ranged interactions. Finally, from explicit simulations the existence of a\npremelting layer is shown to be insensitive to bulk lattice geometry, exposed\ncrystal face and curvature.",
        "positive": "Survival probability and first-passage-time statistics of a Wiener\n  process driven by an exponential time-dependent drift: The survival probability and the first-passage-time statistics are important\nquantities in different fields. The Wiener process is the simplest stochastic\nprocesswith continuous variables, and important results can be explicitly found\nfrom it. The presence of a constant drift does not modify its simplicity;\nhowever, when the process has a time-dependent component the analysis becomes\ndifficult. In this work we analyze the statistical properties of the Wiener\nprocess with an absorbing boundary, under the effect of an exponential\ntime-dependent drift. Based on the backward Fokker-Planck formalism we set the\ntime-inhomogeneous equation and conditions that rule the diffusion of the\ncorresponding survival probability.We propose as the solution an expansion\nseries in terms of the intensity of the exponential drift, resulting in a set\nof recurrence equations. We explicitly solve the expansion up to second order\nand comment on higher-order solutions. The first-passage-time density function\narises naturally from the survival probability and preserves the proposed\nexpansion. Explicit results, related properties, and limit behaviors are\nanalyzed and extensively compared to numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Persistence of a Rouse polymer chain under transverse shear flow: We consider a single Rouse polymer chain in two dimensions in presence of a\ntransverse shear flow along the $x$ direction and calculate the persistence\nprobability $P_0(t)$ that the $x$ coordinate of a bead in the bulk of the chain\ndoes not return to its initial position up to time $t$. We show that the\npersistence decays at late times as a power law, $P_0(t)\\sim t^{-\\theta}$ with\na nontrivial exponent $\\theta$. The analytical estimate of $\\theta=0.359...$\nobtained using an independent interval approximation is in excellent agreement\nwith the numerical value $\\theta\\approx 0.360\\pm 0.001$.",
        "positive": "Multipartite-Entanglement Dynamics in Regular-to-Ergodic Transition: a\n  Quantum-Fisher-Information approach: The characterization of entanglement is a central problem for the study of\nquantum many-body dynamics. Here, we propose the quantum Fisher information as\na useful tool for the study of multipartite-entanglement dynamics in many-body\nsystems. We illustrate this by considering the regular-to-ergodic transition in\nthe Dicke model---a fully-connected spin model showing quantum thermalization\nabove a critical interaction strength. We show that the QFI has a rich\ndynamical behavior which drastically changes across the transition. In\nparticular, the asymptotic value of the QFI, as well as its characteristic\ntimescales, witness the transition both through their dependence on the\ninteraction strength and through the scaling with the system size. Since the\nQFI also sets the ultimate bound for the precision of parameter estimation, it\nprovides a metrological perspective on the characterization of entanglement\ndynamics in many-body systems. Here we show that quantum ergodic dynamics\nallows for a much faster production of metrologically useful states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The exact realisation of the Lanczos Method for a quantum Many-Body\n  System: The Lanczos process has been analytically and exactly carried out for the\nspin 1/2 isotropic XY chain in the thermodynamic limit, yielding a form for the\nLanczos coefficient $\\beta^2(s)$. This coefficient has a monotonic variation\nfor real positive $s$ and confirms a general theorem on the ground state\nproperties of extensive Many-body Systems. The Taylor expansion of the\ncoefficient about s=0 has a finite radius of convergence, and ground state\nestimates based on a finite truncation of this are shown to be asymptotic.",
        "positive": "De Haas-van Alphen effect in two- and quasi two-dimensional metals and\n  superconductors: An analytical form of the quantum magnetization oscillations (de Haas-van\nAlphen effect) is derived for two- and quasi two-dimensional metals in normal\nand superconducting mixed states. The theory is developed under condition that\nthe chemical potential is much greater than the cyclotron frequency, which is\nproved to be valid for using grand canonical ensemble in the systems of low\ndimensionality. Effects of impurity, temperature, spin-splitting and vortex\nlattice - in the case of superconductors of type II -, are taken into account.\nContrary to the three dimensional case, the oscillations in sufficiently pure\nsystems of low dimensionality and at sufficiently low temperatures are\ncharacterized by a saw-tooth wave form, which smoothened with temperature and\nconcentration of impurities growth. In the normal quasi two-dimensional\nsystems, the expression for the magnetization oscillations includes an extra\nfactor expressed through the transfer integral between the layers. The\nadditional damping effect due to the vortex lattice is found. The criterion of\nproximity to the upper critical field for the observation of de Haas-van Alphen\neffect in the superconducting mixed state is established."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasistatic transfer protocols for atomtronic superfluid circuits: Quasi-static protocols for systems that feature a mixed phase-space with both\nchaos and quasi-regular regions are beyond the standard paradigm of adiabatic\nprocesses. We focus on a many-body system of atoms that are described by the\nBose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, specifically a circuit that consists of bosonic\nsites. We consider a sweep process: slow variation of the rotation frequency of\nthe device (time dependent Sagnac phase). The parametric variation of\nphase-space topology implies that the quasi-static limit is irreversible.\nDetailed analysis is essential in order to determine the outcome of such\ntransfer protocol, and its efficiency.",
        "positive": "The Bose Gas Low Momentum Limit Revisited: We discuss the standard approach to the problem of the low momentum limit of\nthe spectrum for a weakly interacting Bose gas. The Bogoliubov's spectrum is\nshown to be obtained as a Goldstone mode thanks to the introduction of a\nchemical potential $\\mu$. This procedure has, however, difficulties since the\nbreaking of the gauge symmetry implies that the corresponding chemical\npotential must be taken as zero, unless it is introduced before breaking the\nsymmetry. But if this is done, after the symmetry breaking $\\mu$ loses its\nmeaning as a chemical potential. An alternative two-mode solution is suggested\nhaving two modes, one of them being the free-particle quadratic in momentum\nspectrum, the second bearing a gap. This gap leads to a $\\lambda$-type behavior\nof the specific heat near the critical temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dephasing in two decoupled one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates and\n  the subexponential decay of the interwell coherence: We provide a simple physical picture of the loss of coherence between two\ncoherently split one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates. The source of the\ndephasing is identified with nonlinear corrections to the elementary excitation\nenergies in either of the two independent condensates. We retrieve the result\nby Burkov, Lukin and Demler [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 200404 (2007)] on the\nsubexponential decay of the cocherence for the large time, however, the scaling\nof the characteristic decoherence time differs.",
        "positive": "The two-point resistance of a cobweb with a superconducting boundary: We consider the problem of two-point resistance on an m x n cobweb network\nwith a superconducting boundary, which is topologically equivalent to a\ngeographic globe. We deduce a concise formula for the resistance between any\ntwo nodes on the globe using a method of direct summation pioneered by one of\nus [Z. Z. Tan, et al, J. Phys. A 46, 195202 (2013)]. This method contrasts the\nLaplacian matrix approach which is difficult to apply to the geometry of a\nglobe. Our analysis gives the result directly as a single summation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The inverse scattering of the Zakharov-Shabat system solves the weak\n  noise theory of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation: We solve the large deviations of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation in\none dimension at short time by introducing an approach which combines field\ntheoretical, probabilistic and integrable techniques. We expand the program of\nthe weak noise theory, which maps the large deviations onto a non-linear\nhydrodynamic problem, and unveil its complete solvability through a connection\nto the integrability of the Zakharov-Shabat system. Exact solutions, depending\non the initial condition of the KPZ equation, are obtained using the inverse\nscattering method and a Fredholm determinant framework recently developed.\nThese results, explicit in the case of the droplet geometry, open the path to\nobtain the complete large deviations for general initial conditions.",
        "positive": "Nonadiabatic production of spinor condensates with a QUIC trap: Motivated by the recent experimental observation of multi-component spinor\ncondensates via a time-dependent quadrupole-Ioffe-configuration trap (QUIC\ntrap), we provide a general framework for the investigation of nonadiabatic\nLandau-Zener dynamics of a hyperfine spin, e.g., from an atomic magnetic dipole\nmoment coupled to a weak time-dependent magnetic (B-) field. The spin flipped\npopulation distribution, or the so-called Majorona formula is expressed in\nterms of system parameters and experimental observables; thus, provides much\nneeded insight into the underlying mechanism for the production of spinor\ncondensates due to nonadiabatic level crossings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Small-amplitude synchronisation in driven Potts models: We study driven $q$-state Potts models with thermodynamically consistent\ndynamics and global coupling. For a wide range of parameters, these models\nexhibit a dynamical phase transition from decoherent oscillations into a\nsynchronised phase. Starting from a general microscopic dynamics for individual\noscillators, we derive the normal form of the high-dimensional Hopf-Bifurcation\nthat underlies the phase transition. The normal-form equations are exact in the\nthermodynamic limit and close to the bifurcation. Making use of the symmetry of\nthe model, we solve these equations analytically and thus uncover the intricate\nstable synchronisation patterns of driven Potts models, characterised by a rich\nphase diagram. Making use of thermodynamic consistency, we show that\nsynchronisation reduces dissipation in such a way that the most stable\nsynchronised states dissipate the least entropy. Close to the phase transition,\nour findings condense into a linear dissipation-stability relation that\nconnects entropy production with phase-space contraction, a stability measure.\nAt finite system size, our findings suggest a minimum-dissipation principle for\ndriven Potts models that holds arbitrarily far from equilibrium.",
        "positive": "The influence of structural short-range order on the phase diagrams of\n  diluted FCC magnet with arbitrary spin and modified RKKY interaction: A diluted FCC magnet with modified long-range RKKY interaction and arbitrary\nIsing spin S is considered within two-sublattice model. In the molecular field\napproximation the Gibbs free-energy is derived, from which all magnetic\nthermodynamic properties can be self-consistently obtained. In particular, the\nphase diagrams are studied for different magnetic ion and free-charge\nconcentration, the atomic short-range-order (Warren-Cowley) parameter being\ntaken into account."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Antiferromagnetic Ising model saturation field entropies: ladders and\n  kagome lattice: Saturation field entropies of antiferromagnetic Ising models on quasi\none-dimensional lattices (ladders) and the kagome lattice are calculated. The\nformer is evaluated exactly by constructing the corresponding transfer\nmatrices, while the latter calculation uses Binder's algorithm for efficiently\nand exactly computing the partition function of over 1300 spins to give, in\nBoltzmann's units, S = 0.393589(6). We comment on the relation of the kagome\nlattice to the experimental situation in the spin-ice compound dysprosium\ntitanium oxide.",
        "positive": "Influence of time delay on information exchanges between coupled linear\n  stochastic systems: Time lags are ubiquitous in biophysiological processes and more generally in\nreal-world complex networks. It has been recently proposed to use\ninformation-theoretic tools such as transfer entropy to detect and estimate a\npossible delay in the couplings. In this work, we focus on stationary linear\nstochastic processes in continuous time and compute the transfer entropy in the\npresence of delay and correlated noises, using an approximate but numerically\neffective solution to the relevant Wiener-Hopf factorization problem. Our\nresults rectify and complete the recent study of [1]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Finite-Temperature Generalization of the C-theorem and the\n  Interplay between Classical and Quantum Fluctuations: The behavior of the finite-temperature C-function, defined by Neto and\nFradkin [Nucl. Phys. B {\\bf 400}, 525 (1993)], is analyzed within a d\n-dimensional exactly solvable lattice model, recently proposed by Vojta [Phys.\nRev. B {\\bf 53}, 710 (1996)], which is of the same universality class as the\nquantum nonlinear O(n) sigma model in the limit $n\\to \\infty$. The scaling\nfunctions of C for the cases d=1 (absence of long-range order), d=2 (existence\nof a quantum critical point), d=4 (existence of a line of finite temperature\ncritical points that ends up with a quantum critical point) are derived and\nanalyzed. The locations of regions where C is monotonically increasing (which\ndepend significantly on d) are exactly determined. The results are interpreted\nwithin the finite-size scaling theory that has to be modified for d=4.\n  PACS number(s): 05.20.-y, 05.50.+q, 75.10.Hk, 75.10.Jm, 63.70.+h, 05.30-d,\n02.30",
        "positive": "Exact analytical evaluation of time dependent transmission coefficient\n  from the method of reactive flux for an inverted parabolic barrier: In this paper we derive a general expression for the transmission coefficient\nusing the method of reactive flux for a particle coupled to a harmonic bath\nsurmounting a one dimensional inverted parabolic barrier. Unlike Kohen and\nTannor [J. Chem. Phys. 103, 6013 (1995)] we use a normal mode analysis where\nthe unstable and the other modes have a complete physical meaning. Importantly\nour approach results a very general expression for the time dependent\ntransmission coefficient not restricted to overdamped limit. Once the spectral\ndensity for the problem is know one can use our formula to evaluate the time\ndependent transmission coefficient. We have done the calculations with time\ndependent friction used by Xie [Phys. Rev. Lett 93, 180603 (2004)] and also the\none used by Kohen and Tannor [J. Chem. Phys. 103, 6013 (1995)]. Like the\nformula of Kohen and Tannor our formula also reproduces the results of\ntransition state theory as well as the Kramers theory in the limits t->0 and\nt->infinity respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On directed interacting animals and directed percolation: We study the phase diagram of fully directed lattice animals with\nnearest-neighbour interactions on the square lattice. This model comprises\nseveral interesting ensembles (directed site and bond trees, bond animals,\nstrongly embeddable animals) as special cases and its collapse transition is\nequivalent to a directed bond percolation threshold. Precise estimates for the\nanimal size exponents in the different phases and for the critical fugacities\nof these special ensembles are obtained from a phenomenological renormalization\ngroup analysis of the correlation lengths for strips of width up to n=17. The\ncrossover region in the vicinity of the collapse transition is analyzed in\ndetail and the crossover exponent $\\phi$ is determined directly from the\nsingular part of the free energy. We show using scaling arguments and an exact\nrelation due to Dhar that $\\phi$ is equal to the Fisher exponent $\\sigma$\ngoverning the size distribution of large directed percolation clusters.",
        "positive": "Maxwell demons in phase space: Although there is not a complete \"proof\" of the second law of thermo-\ndynamics based on microscopic dynamics, two properties of Hamiltonian systems\nhave been used to prove the impossibility of work extraction from a single\nthermal reservoir: Liouville's theorem and the adiabatic invariance of the\nvolume enclosed by an energy shell. In this paper we analyze these two\nproperties in the Szilard engine and other systems related with the Maxwell\ndemon. In particular, we recall that the enclosed volume is no longer an\nadiabatic invariant in non ergodic systems and explore the consequences of this\non the second law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Initial static susceptibilities of nonuniform and random Ising chains: Within the conventional framework of standard linear response theory we have\nderived exact results for the initial static susceptibilities of nonuniform\nspin-1/2 Ising chains. The results obtained permit one to study regularly\nalternating-bond and random-bond Ising chains. The influence of several types\nof nonuniformity and disorder on the temperature dependence of the initial\nlongitudinal and transverse static susceptibilities is discussed.",
        "positive": "Unconventional entropy production in the presence of momentum-dependent\n  forces: We investigate an unconventional nature of the entropy production (EP) in\nnonequilibrium systems with odd-parity variables that change signs under time\nreversal. We consider the Brownian motion of a particle in contact with a heat\nreservoir, where particle momentum is an odd-parity variable. In the presence\nof an {\\it external} momentum-dependent force, the EP transferred to\nenvironment is found {\\em not} equivalent to usual reservoir entropy change due\nto heat transfer. There appears an additional unconventional contribution to\nthe EP, which is crucial for maintaining the non-negativity of the (average)\ntotal EP enforced by the thermodynamic second law. A few examples are\nconsidered to elucidate the novel nature of the EP. We also discuss detailed\nbalance conditions with a momentum-dependent force."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spontaneous breaking of multipole symmetries: Multipole symmetries are of interest both as a window on fracton physics and\nas a crucial ingredient in realizing new universality classes for quantum\ndynamics. Here we address the question of whether and when multipole symmetries\ncan be spontaneously broken, both in thermal equilibrium and at zero\ntemperature. We derive generalized Mermin-Wagner arguments for the total or\npartial breaking of multipolar symmetry groups and generalized Imry-Ma\narguments for the robustness of such multipolar symmetry breaking to disorder.\nWe present both general results and explicit examples. Our results should be\ndirectly applicable to quantum dynamics with multipolar symmetries and also\nprovide a useful stepping stone to understanding the robustness of fracton\nphases to thermal fluctuations, quantum fluctuations, and disorder.",
        "positive": "Condensation in the inhomogeneous zero-range process: an interplay\n  between interaction and diffusion disorder: We analyze the role of the interplay between on-site interaction and\ninhomogeneous diffusion on the phenomenon of condensation in the zero-range\nprocess. We predict a universal phase diagram in the plane of two exponents,\nrespectively characterizing the interactions and the diffusion disorder. The\nmost prominent outcome is the existence of an extended condensed phase. In the\nlatter phase, which originates as a result of the combined effects of strong\nenough interaction and weak enough disorder, a typical high-density\nconfiguration has a unique condensate on top of a critical background, but the\ncondensate may be located at any site of a large hosting set of favored sites,\nwhose size grows sub-extensively. The novel extended condensed phase thus\ninterpolates continuously between the two scenarios associated so far with the\ncondensation transition, namely spontaneous symmetry breaking and explicit\nsymmetry breaking."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation on a Feynman Diagram: In a recent paper hep-lat/9704020 we investigated Potts models on ``thin''\nrandom graphs -- generic Feynman diagrams, using the idea that such models may\nbe expressed as the N --> 1 limit of a matrix model. The models displayed first\norder transitions for all q greater than 2, giving identical behaviour to the\ncorresponding Bethe lattice.\n  We use here one of the results of hep-lat/9704020 namely a general saddle\npoint solution for a q state Potts model expressed as a function of q, to\ninvestigate some peculiar features of the percolative limit q -> 1 and compare\nthe results with those on the Bethe lattice.",
        "positive": "Hexagonal type Ising nanowire with spin-1 core and spin-2 shell\n  structure: }Thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of a mixed spin-(1, 2) Ising\nferrimagnetic system with single ion anisotropy on hexagonal nanowire are\nstudied by using effective-field theory with correlations. The susceptibility,\ninternal energy and specific heat of the system are numerically examined and\nsome interesting phenomena in these quantities are found. The effect of the\nHamiltonian parameters on phase diagrams are examined in detail. Besides\nsecond-order phase transition, lines of first-order transition and tricritical\npoints are found. In particular, we found that for some negative values of\nsingle-ion anisotropies, there exist first-order phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat conduction in a chain of colliding particles with stiff repulsive\n  potential: One-dimensional billiard, i.e. a chain of colliding particles with equal\nmasses, is well-known example of completely integrable system. Billiards with\ndifferent particles are generically not integrable, but still exhibit\ndivergence of a heat conduction coefficient (HCC) in thermodynamic limit.\nTraditional billiard models imply instantaneous (zero-time) collisions between\nthe particles. We lift this condition and consider the heat transport in a\nchain of stiff colliding particles with power-law potential of the\nnearest-neighbor interaction. The instantaneous collisions correspond to the\nlimit of infinite power in the interaction potential; for finite powers, the\ninteractions take nonzero time. This modification of the model leads to\nprofound physical consequence -- probability of multiple, in particular, triple\nparticle collisions becomes nonzero. Contrary to the integrable billiard of\nequal particles, the modified model exhibits saturation of the heat conduction\ncoefficient for large system size. Moreover, identification of scattering\nevents with the triple particle collisions leads to simple definition of\ncharacteristic mean free path and kinetic description of the heat transport.\nThis approach allows prediction both of temperature and density dependencies\nfor the HCC limit values. The latter dependence is quite counterintuitive - the\nHCC is inversely proportional to the particle density in the chain. Both\npredictions are confirmed by direct numeric simulations.",
        "positive": "Synchronization in the non-extensive Kuramoto model: We study the onset of synchronization in square lattices of limit cycle\noscillators with long-range coupling by means of numerical simulations of the\nKuramoto model. In this regime the critical coupling strength depends on the\nsystem size and interaction range reflecting the non extensive behavior of the\nsystem, but an adequate scaling removes the dependency and collapses the\nlong-range synchronization curves with the one resulting from a system with\nuniform coupling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Kinetics in Velocity Space: equations and models: Equation for anomalous diffusion in momentum space, recently obtained in the\nrecent paper (S.A. Trigger, ArXiv 0907.2793 v1, [cond-matt. stat.-mech.], 16\nJuly 2009) is solved for the stationary and non-stationary cases on basis of\nthe appropriate probability transition function (PTF). Consideration of\ndiffusion for heavy particles in a gas of the light particles can be\nessentially simplified due to small ratio of the masses of the particles.\nGeneral equation for the distribution of the light particles, shifted in\nvelocity space, is also derived. For the case of anomalous diffusion in\nmomentum space the closed equation is formulated for the Fourier-component of\nthe momentum distribution function. The effective friction and diffusion\ncoefficients are found also for the shifted distribution. If the appropriate\nintegrals are finite the equations derived in the paper are applicable for both\ncases: the PT-function with the long tails and the short range PT-functions in\nmomentum space. In the last case the results are equivalent to the\nFokker-Planck equation. Practically the new results of this paper are\napplicable to strongly non-equilibrium physical systems.",
        "positive": "On the principle of minimum growth rate in multiplicatively interacting\n  stochastic processes: A method of moment inequalities is used to derive the principle of minimum\ngrowth rate in multiplicatively interacting stochastic processes(MISPs). When a\nvalue of a power-law exponent at the tail of probability distribution function\nexists in a range $0 < s \\le 1$, a first-order moment diverges and an equality\nfor a growth rate of systems breaks down. From the estimate of inequalities, we\nnewly find a conditional inequality which determines the growth rate, and then\nthe exponent in $0 < s \\le 1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The 3D narrow capture problem for traps with semipermeable interfaces: In this paper we analyze the narrow capture problem for a single Brownian\nparticle diffusing in a three-dimensional (3D) bounded domain containing a set\nof small, spherical traps. The boundary surface of each trap is taken to be a\nsemipermeable membrane. That is, the continuous flux across the interface is\nproportional to an associated jump discontinuity in the probability density.\nThe constant of proportionality is identified with the permeability $\\kappa$.\nIn addition, we allow for discontinuities in the diffusivity and chemical\npotential across each interface; the latter introduces a directional bias. We\nalso assume that the particle can be absorbed (captured) within the interior of\neach trap at some Poisson rate $\\gamma$. In the small-trap limit, we use\nmatched asymptotics and Green's function methods to calculate the splitting\nprobabilities and unconditional MFPT to be absorbed by one of the traps.\nHowever, the details of the analysis depend on how various parameters scale\nwith the characteristic trap radius $\\epsilon$. Under the scalings\n$\\gamma=O(1/\\epsilon^2)$ and $\\kappa=O(1/\\epsilon)$, we show that the\nsemipermeable membrane reduces the effective capacitance $\\calC$ of each\nspherical trap compared to the standard example of totally absorbing traps.\nFinally, we consider the unidirectional limit in which each interface only\nallows particles to flow into a trap. The traps then act as partially absorbing\nsurfaces with a constant reaction rate $\\kappa$. Combining asymptotic analysis\nwith the encounter-based formulation of partially reactive surfaces, we show\nhow a generalized surface absorption mechanism (non-Markovian) can be analyzed\nin terms of the capacitances $\\calC$. We thus establish that a wide range of\nnarrow capture problems can be characterized in terms of the effective\ncapacitances of the traps.",
        "positive": "Traffic model by braking capability and response time: We propose a microscopic traffic model where the update velocity is\ndetermined by the deceleration capacity and response time. It is found that\nthere is a class of collisions that cannot be distinguished by simply comparing\nthe stop positions. The model generates the safe, comfortable, and efficient\ntraffic flow in numerical simulations with the reasonable values of the\nparameters, and this is analytically supported. Our approach provides a new\nperspective in modeling the traffic-flow safety and the perturbing situations\nlike lane change."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Decay dynamics of a single spherical domain in near-critical\n  phase-separated conditions: Domain decay is at the heart of the so-called evaporation-condensation\nOstwald-ripening regime of phase ordering kinetics, where the growth of large\ndomains occurs at the expense of smaller ones, which are expected to\n`evaporate'. We experimentally investigate such decay dynamics at the level of\na single spherical domain picked from one phase in coexistence and brought into\nthe other phase by an opto-mechanical approach, in a near-critical\nphase-separated binary liquid mixture. We observe that the decay dynamics is\ngenerally not compatible with the theoretically expected surface-tension decay\nlaws for conserved order parameters. Using a mean-field description, we\nquantitatively explain this apparent disagreement by the stratification of\nsolute concentrations induced by gravity close to a critical point. Finally, we\ndetermine the conditions for which buoyancy becomes negligible compared to\ncapillarity and perform dedicated experiments that retrieve the predicted\nsurface-tension induced decay exponent. The surface-tension driven decay\ndynamics of conserved order parameter systems in the presence and the absence\nof gravity, is thus established at the level of a single domain.",
        "positive": "Diagrammatics for the Inverse Problem in Spin Systems and Simple Liquids: Modeling complex systems, like neural networks, simple liquids or flocks of\nbirds, often works in reverse to textbook approaches: given data for which\naverages and correlations are known, we try to find the parameters of a given\nmodel consistent with it. In general, no exact calculation directly from the\nmodel is available and we are left with expensive numerical approaches. A\nparticular situation is that of a perturbed Gaussian model with polynomial\ncorrections for continuous degrees of freedom. Indeed perturbation expansions\nfor this case have been implemented in the last 60 years. However, there are\nmodels for which the exactly solvable part is non-Gaussian, such as independent\nIsing spins in a field, or an ideal gas of particles. We implement a\ndiagrammatic perturbative scheme in weak correlations around a non-Gaussian yet\nsolvable probability weight. This applies in particular to spin models (Ising,\nPotts, Heisenberg) with weak couplings, or to a simple liquid with a weak\ninteraction potential. Our method casts systems with discrete degrees of\nfreedom and those with continuous ones within the same theoretical framework.\nWhen the core theory is Gaussian it reduces to the well-known Feynman\ndiagrammatics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional Brownian Motion Approximation Based on Fractional Integration\n  of a White Noise: We study simple approximations to fractional Gaussian noise and fractional\nBrownian motion. The approximations are based on spectral properties of the\nnoise. They allow one to consider the noise as the result of fractional\nintegration/differentiation of a white Gaussian noise. We study correlation\nproperties of the approximation to fractional Gaussian noise and point to the\npeculiarities of persistent and anti-persistent behaviors. We also investigate\nself-similar properties of the approximation to fractional Brownian motion,\nnamely, ``tH laws`` for the structure function and the range. We conclude that\nthe models proposed serve as a convenient tool for the natural processes\nmodelling and testing and improvement of the methods aimed at analysis and\ninterpretation of experimental data.",
        "positive": "Universal scaling regimes in rotating fluid turbulence: We analyse the scaling properties of the energy spectra in fully developed\nincompressible turbulence in forced, rotating fluids in three dimensions (3D),\nwhich are believed to be characterised by universal scaling exponents in the\ninertial range. To elucidate the scaling regimes, we set up a scaling analysis\nof the 3D Navier-Stokes equation for a rotating fluid that is driven by\nlarge-scale external forces. We use scaling arguments to extract the scaling\nexponents, which characterise the different scaling regimes of the energy\nspectra. We speculate on the intriguing possibility of two-dimensionalisation\nof 3D rotating turbulence within our scaling theory. Our results can be tested\nin large scale simulations and relevant laboratory-based experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to Comment on \"Large fluctuations for spatial diffusion of cold\n  atoms\": We provide a reply to a comment by I. Goychuk arXiv:1708.04155, version v2\nfrom 27 Aug 2017 (not under active consideration with Phys. Rev. Lett.), on our\nLetter E. Aghion, D. A. Kessler and E. Barkai, Phys. Rev. Lett., 118, 260601\n(2017).",
        "positive": "Molecular motor traffic in a half-open tube: The traffic of molecular motors which interact through mutual exclusion is\nstudied theoretically for half-open tube-like compartments. These half-open\ntubes mimic the shapes of axons. The mutual exclusion leads to traffic jams or\ndensity plateaus on the filaments. A phase transition is obtained when the\nmotor velocity changes sign. We identify the relevant length scales and\ncharacterize the jamming behavior using both analytical approximations and\nMonte Carlo simulations of lattice models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mixed state dynamical quantum phase transition and emergent topology: Preparing an integrable system in a mixed state described by a thermal\ndensity matrix , we subject it to a sudden quench and explore the subsequent\nunitary dynamics. Defining a version of the generalised Loschmidt overlap\namplitude (GLOA) through the purifications of the time evolved density matrix,\nwe claim that non-analyiticies in the corresponding \"dynamical free energy\ndensity\" persist and is referred to as mixed state dynamical quantum phase\ntransitions (MSDQPTs). Furthermore, these MSDQPTs are uniquely characterised by\na topological index constructed by the application of the Pancharatnam geometry\non the purifications of the thermal density matrix; the quantization of this\nindex however persists up to a critical temperature. These claims are\ncorroborated analysing the non-equilibrium dynamics of a transverse Ising chain\ninitially prepared in a thermal state and subjected to a sudden quench of the\ntransverse field.",
        "positive": "Predictive Statistical Mechanics for Glass Forming Systems: Using two extremely different models of glass formers in two and three\ndimensions we demonstrate how to encode the subtle changes in the geometric\nrearrangement of particles during the scenario of the glass transition. We\nconstruct a statistical mechanical description that is able to explain and\npredict the geometric rearrangement, the temperature dependent thermodynamic\nfunctions and the $\\alpha$-relaxation time within the measured temperature\nrange and beyond. The theory is based on an up-scaling to proper variables\n(quasi-species) which is validated using a simple criterion. Once constructed,\nthe theory provides an accurate predictive tool for quantities like the\nspecific heat or the entropy at temperatures that cannot be reached by\nmeasurements. In addition, the theory identifies a rapidly increasing typical\nlength scale $\\xi$ as the temperature decreases. This growing spatial length\nscale determines the $\\alpha$-relaxation time as $\\tau_\\alpha \\sim\n\\exp(\\mu\\xi/T)$ where $\\mu$ is a typical chemical potential per unit length."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite reservoirs and irreversibility corrections to Hamiltonian systems\n  statistics: We consider several Hamiltonian systems perturbed by external agents, that\npreserve their Hamiltonian structure. We investigate the corrections to the\ncanonical statistics resulting from coupling such systems with possibly large\nbut finite reservoirs, and from the onset of processes breaking the time\nreversal symmetry. We analyze exactly solvable oscillators systems, and perform\nsimulations of relatively more complex ones. This indicates that the standard\nstatistical mechanical formalism needs to be adjusted, in the ever more\ninvestigated nano-scale science and technology. In particular, the hypothesis\nthat heat reservoirs be considered infinite and be described by the classical\nensembles is found to be critical when exponential quantities are considered,\nsince the large size limit may not coincide with the infinite size canonical\nresult. Furthermore, process-dependent emergent irreversibility affects\nensemble averages, effectively frustrating, on a statistical level, the time\nreversal invariance of Hamiltonian dynamics, that is used to obtain numerous\nresults.",
        "positive": "Non-adiabatic dynamics across a first order quantum phase transition:\n  Quantized bubble nucleation: Metastability is a quintessential feature of first order quantum phase\ntransitions, which is lost either by dynamical instability or by nucleating\nbubbles of a true vacuum through quantum tunneling. By considering a drive\nacross the first order quantum phase transition in the quantum Ising chain in\nthe presence of both transverse and longitudinal fields, we reveal multiple\nregions in the parameter space where the initial metastable state loses its\nmetastability in successive stages. The mechanism responsible is found to be\nsemi-degenerate resonant tunnelings to states with specific bubble sizes. We\nshow that such dynamics of quantized bubble nucleations can be understood in\nterms of Landau-Zener transitions, which provide quantitative predictions of\nnucleation probabilities for different bubble sizes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Solution for Statics and Dynamics of Maximal Entropy Random Walk\n  on Cayley Trees: We provide analytical solutions for two types of random walk: generic random\nwalk (GRW) and maximal entropy random walk (MERW) on a Cayley tree with\narbitrary branching number, root degree, and number of generations. For MERW,\nwe obtain the stationary state given by the squared elements of the eigenvector\nassociated with the largest eigenvalue $\\lambda_0$ of the adjacency matrix. We\ndiscuss the dynamics, depending on the second largest eigenvalue $\\lambda_1$,\nof the probability distribution approaching to the stationary state. We find\ndifferent scaling of the relaxation time with the system size, which is\ngenerically shorter for MERW than for GRW. We also signal that depending on the\ninitial conditions there are relaxations associated with lower eigenvalues\nwhich are induced by symmetries of the tree. In general, we find that there are\nthree regimes of a tree structure resulting in different statics and dynamics\nof MERW; these correspond to strongly, critically, and weakly branched roots.",
        "positive": "Memory formation in jammed hard spheres: Liquids equilibrated below an onset density share similar inherent states,\nwhile above that density their inherent states markedly differ. Although this\nphenomenon was first reported in simulations over 20 years ago, the physical\norigin of this memory remains controversial. Its absence from mean-field\ndescriptions, in particular, has long cast doubt on its thermodynamic\nrelevance. Motivated by a recent theoretical proposal, we reassess the onset\nphenomenology in simulations using a fast hard sphere jamming algorithm and\nfind it both thermodynamically and dimensionally robust. Remarkably, we also\nuncover a second type of memory associated with a Gardner-like change in\nbehavior along the jamming algorithm."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Positional Order and Diffusion Processes in Particle Systems: Nonequilibrium behaviors of positional order are discussed based on diffusion\nprocesses in particle systems. With the cumulant expansion method up to the\nsecond order, we obtain a relation between the positional order parameter\n$\\Psi$ and the mean square displacement $M$ to be $\\Psi \\sim \\exp(- {\\bf K}^2 M\n/2d)$ with a reciprocal vector ${\\bf K}$ and the dimension of the system $d$.\nOn the basis of the relation, the behavior of positional order is predicted to\nbe $\\Psi \\sim \\exp(-{\\bf K}^2Dt)$ when the system involves normal diffusion\nwith a diffusion constant $D$. We also find that a diffusion process with\nswapping positions of particles contributes to higher orders of the cumulants.\nThe swapping diffusion allows particle to diffuse without destroying the\npositional order while the normal diffusion destroys it.",
        "positive": "Self-organised criticality in stochastic sandpiles: Connection to\n  directed percolation: We introduce a stochastic sandpile model where finite drive and dissipation\nare coupled to the activity field. The absorbing phase transition here, as\nexpected, belongs to the directed percolation (DP) universality class. We focus\non the small drive and dissipation limit, i.e. the so-called self-organised\ncritical (SOC) regime and show that the system exhibits a crossover from\nordinary DP scaling to a dissipation-controlled scaling which is independent of\nthe underlying dynamics or spatial dimension. The new scaling regime continues\nall the way to the zero bulk drive limit suggesting that the corresponding SOC\nbehaviour is only DP, modified by the dissipation-controlled scaling. We\ndemonstrate this for the continuous and discrete Manna model driven by noise\nand bulk dissipation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sandpile Model with Activity Inhibition: A new sandpile model is studied in which bonds of the system are inhibited\nfor activity after a certain number of transmission of grains. This condition\nimpels an unstable sand column to distribute grains only to those neighbours\nwhich have toppled less than m times. In this non-Abelian model grains\neffectively move faster than the ordinary diffusion (super-diffusion). A novel\nsystem size dependent cross-over from Abelian sandpile behaviour to a new\ncritical behaviour is observed for all values of the parameter m.",
        "positive": "Quantum fluctuation induced spatial stochastic resonance at zero\n  temperature: We consider a model in which the quantum fluctuation can be controlled and\nshow that the system responds to a spatially periodic external field at zero\ntemperature. This signifies the occurrence of spatial stochastic resonance\nwhere the fluctuations are purely quantum in nature. Various features of the\nphenomenon are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling of hysteresis loops at phase transitions into a quasiabsorbing\n  state: Models undergoing a phase transition to an absorbing state weakly broken by\nthe addition of a very low spontaneous nucleation rate are shown to exhibit\nhysteresis loops whose width $\\Delta\\lambda$ depends algebraically on the ramp\nrate $r$. Analytical arguments and numerical simulations show that\n$\\Delta\\lambda \\sim r^{\\kappa}$ with $\\kappa = 1/(\\beta'+1)$, where $\\beta'$ is\nthe critical exponent governing the survival probability of a seed near\nthreshold. These results explain similar hysteresis scaling observed before in\nliquid crystal convection experiments. This phenomenon is conjectured to occur\nin a variety of other experimental systems.",
        "positive": "Anti-deterministic behavior of discrete systems that are less\n  predictable than noise: We present a new type of deterministic dynamical behaviour that is less\npredictable than white noise. We call it anti-deterministic (AD) because time\nseries corresponding to the dynamics of such systems do not generate\ndeterministic lines in Recurrence Plots for small thresholds. We show that\nalthough the dynamics is chaotic in the sense of exponential divergence of\nnearby initial conditions and although some properties of AD data are similar\nto white noise, the AD dynamics is in fact less predictable than noise and\nhence is different from pseudo-random number generators."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Measurement-feedback formalism meets information reservoirs: There have been two distinct formalisms of thermodynamics of information: One\nis the measurement-feedback formalism, which concerns bipartite systems with\nmeasurement and feedback processes, and the other is the information reservoir\nformalism, which considers bit sequences as a thermodynamic fuel. In this\npaper, we derive a second-law-like inequality by applying the\nmeasurement-feedback formalism to information reservoirs, which provides a\nstronger bound of extractable work than any other known inequality in the same\nsetup. In addition, we demonstrate that the Mandal-Jarzynski model, which is a\nprominent model of the information reservoir formalism, is equivalent to a\nmodel obtained by the contraction of a bipartite system with autonomous\nmeasurement and feedback. Our results provide a unified view on the\nmeasurement-feedback and the information-reservoir formalisms.",
        "positive": "Financial Time Series and Statistical Mechanics: A few characteristic exponents describing power law behaviors of roughness,\ncoherence and persistence in stochastic time series are compared to each other.\nRelevant techniques for analyzing such time series are recalled in order to\ndistinguish how the various exponents are measured, and what basic differences\nexist between each one. Financial time series, like the JPY/DEM and USD/DEM\nexchange rates are used for illustration, but mathematical ones, like\n(fractional or not) Brownian walks can be used also as indicated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective potential for classical field theories subject to stochastic\n  noise: Classical field theories coupled to stochastic noise provide an extremely\npowerful tool for modeling phenomena as diverse as turbulence,\npattern-formation, and the structural development of the universe itself. In\nthis Letter we sketch a general formalism that maps such systems into a field\ntheory language, and demonstrate how to extract the one-loop physics for an\narbitrary classical field theory coupled to Gaussian noise. The amplitude of\nthe noise two-point function serves as the loop-counting parameter and is the\nanalog of Planck's constant hbar in quantum field theory. We define the\neffective action and the effective potential, and derive a general formula for\nthe one-loop effective potential of a classical field theory coupled to\ntranslation-invariant Gaussian noise.",
        "positive": "Ring Exchange and Phase Separation in the Two-dimensional Boson Hubbard\n  model: We present Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the soft-core bosonic Hubbard\nmodel with a ring exchange term K. For values of K which exceed roughly half\nthe on-site repulsion U, the density is a non-monotonic function of the\nchemical potential, indicating that the system has a tendency to phase\nseparate. This behavior is confirmed by an examination of the density-density\nstructure factor and real space images of the boson configurations. Adding a\nnear-neighbor repulsion can compete with phase separation, but still does not\ngive rise to a stable normal Bose liquid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Four-state quantum chain as a model of sequence evolution: A variety of selection-mutation models for DNA (or RNA) sequences, well known\nin molecular evolution, can be translated into a model of coupled Ising quantum\nchains. This correspondence is used to investigate the genetic variability and\nerror threshold behaviour in dependence of possible fitness landscapes. In\ncontrast to the two-state models treated hitherto, the model explicitly takes\nthe four-state nature of the nucleotide alphabet into account and allowes for\nthe distinction of mutation rates for the different base substitutions, as\ngiven by standard mutation schemes of molecular phylogeny. As a consequence of\nthis refined treatment, new phase diagrams for the error threshold behaviour\nare obtained, with appearance of a novel phase in which the nucleotide ordering\nof the wildtype sequence is only partially conserved. Explicit analytic and\nnumeric results are presented for evolution dynamics and equilibrium behaviour\nin a number of accessible situations, such as quadratic fitness landscapes and\nthe Kimura 2 parameter mutation scheme.",
        "positive": "Efficiency and Its Bounds for a Quantum Einstein Engine at Maximum Power: We study a quantum thermal engine model for which the heat transfer law is\ndetermined by Einstein's theory of radiation. The working substance of the\nquantum engine is assumed to be a two-level quantum systems of which the\nconstituent particles obey Maxwell-Boltzmann(M.B.), Fermi-Dirac(F.D.) or\nBose-einstein(B.E.) distributions respectively at equilibrium. The thermal\nefficiency and its bounds at maximum power of these models are derived and\ndiscussed in the long and short thermal contact time limits. The similarity and\ndifference between these models are discussed. We also compare the efficiency\nbounds of this quantum thermal engine to those of its classical counterpart."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement entropy of two disjoint blocks in XY chains: We study the Renyi entanglement entropies of two disjoint intervals in XY\nchains. We exploit the exact solution of the model in terms of free Majorana\nfermions and we show how to construct the reduced density matrix in the spin\nvariables by taking properly into account the Jordan-Wigner string between the\ntwo blocks. From this we can evaluate any Renyi entropy of finite integer\norder. We study in details critical XX and Ising chains and we show that the\nasymptotic results for large blocks agree with recent conformal field theory\npredictions if corrections to the scaling are included in the analysis\ncorrectly. We also report results in the gapped phase and after a quantum\nquench.",
        "positive": "Ideally Efficient Irreversible Molecular Gears: Typical man-made locomotive devices use reversible gears, as cranks, for\ntransforming reciprocating motion into directed one. Such gears are holonomic\nand have the transduction efficiency of unity. On the other hand, a typical\ngear of molecular motors is a ratchet rectifier, which is irreversible. We\ndiscuss what properties of rectifier mostly influence the transduction\nefficiency and show that an apliance which locks under backwards force can\nachieve the energetic efficiency of unity, without approaching reversibility. A\nprototype device based on ratchet principle is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emerging activity in bilayered dispersions with wake-mediated\n  interactions: In a bilayered system of particles with wake-mediated interactions, the\naction-reaction symmetry for the effective forces between particles of\ndifferent layers is broken. Under quite general conditions we show that, if the\ninteraction nonreciprocity exceeds a certain threshold, this creates an active\ndispersion of self-propelled clusters of Brownian particles. The emerging\nactivity promotes unusual melting scenarios and an enormous diffusivity in the\ndense fluid. Our results are obtained by computer simulation and analytical\ntheory, and can be verified in experiments with colloidal dispersions and\ncomplex plasmas.",
        "positive": "Self Organization and Self Avoiding Limit Cycles: A simple periodically driven system displaying rich behavior is introduced\nand studied. The system self-organizes into a mosaic of static ordered regions\nwith three possible patterns, which are threaded by one-dimensional paths on\nwhich a small number of mobile particles travel. These trajectories are\nself-avoiding and non-intersecting, and their relationship to self-avoiding\nrandom walks is explored. Near $\\rho=0.5$ the distribution of path lengths\nbecomes power-law like up to some cutoff length, suggesting a possible critical\nstate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Phase Diagram of a Quantum Ising Chain with Long Range\n  Interactions: We investigate the effect of short-range correlations on the dynamical phase\ndiagram of quantum many-body systems with long-range interactions. Focusing on\nIsing spin chains with power-law decaying interactions and accounting for\nshort-range correlations by a cluster mean field theory we show that\nshort-range correlations are responsible for the emergence of a chaotic\ndynamical region. Analyzing the fine details of the phase diagram, we show that\nthe resulting chaotic dynamics bears close analogies with that of a tossed\ncoin.",
        "positive": "Stochastic line integrals and stream functions as metrics of\n  irreversibility and heat transfer: Stochastic line integrals provide a useful tool for quantitatively\ncharacterizing irreversibility and detailed balance violation in noise-driven\ndynamical systems. A particular realization is the stochastic area, recently\nstudied in coupled electrical circuits. Here, we provide a general framework\nfor understanding properties of stochastic line integrals and clarify their\nimplementation for experiments and simulations. For two-dimensional systems,\nstochastic line integrals can be expressed in terms of a stream function, the\nsign of which determines the orientation of steady-state probability currents.\nAdditionally, the stream function permits analytical understanding of the\nscaling dependence of stochastic area on key parameters such as the noise\nstrength for both nonlinear and linear springs. Theoretical results are\nsupported by numerical studies of an overdamped, two-dimensional mass-spring\nsystem driven out of equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic microswimmers exhibit Bose-Einstein-like condensation: We study an active matter system comprised of magnetic microswimmers confined\nin a microfluidic channel and show that it exhibits a new type of\nself-organized behavior. Combining analytical techniques and Brownian dynamics\nsimulations, we demonstrate how the interplay of non-equilibrium activity,\nexternal driving, and magnetic interactions leads to the condensation of\nswimmers at the center of the channel via a non-equilibrium phase transition\nthat is formally akin to Bose-Einstein condensation. We find that the effective\ndynamics of the microswimmers can be mapped onto a diffusivity-edge problem,\nand use the mapping to build a generalized thermodynamic framework, which is\nverified by a parameter-free comparison with our simulations. Our work reveals\nhow driven active matter has the potential to generate exotic classical\nnon-equilibrium phases of matter with traits that are analogous to those\nobserved in quantum systems.",
        "positive": "Contact process with simultaneous spatial and temporal disorder: We study the absorbing-state phase transition in the one-dimensional contact\nprocess under the combined influence of spatial and temporal random disorders.\nWe focus on situations in which the spatial and temporal disorders decouple.\nCouched in the language of epidemic spreading, this means that some spatial\nregions are, at all times, more favorable than others for infections, and some\ntime periods are more favorable than others independent of spatial location. We\nemploy a generalized Harris criterion to discuss the stability of the directed\npercolation universality class against such disorder. We then perform\nlarge-scale Monte Carlo simulations to analyze the critical behavior in detail.\nWe also discuss how the Griffiths singularities that accompany the\nnonequilibrium phase transition are affected by the simultaneous presence of\nboth disorders."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized equations of hydrodynamics in fractional derivatives: We present a general approach for obtaining the generalized transport\nequations with fractional derivatives using the Liouville equation with\nfractional derivatives for a system of classical particles and the Zubarev\nnon-equilibrium statistical operator (NSO) method within the Gibbs statistics.\nWe obtain the non-Markov equations of hydrodynamics for the non-equilibrium\naverage values of densities of particle number, momentum and energy of liquid\nin a spatially heterogeneous medium with a fractal structure. For isothermal\nprocesses ($\\beta=1/k_{B}T =const$), the non-Markov Navier-Stokes equation in\nfractional derivatives is obtained. We consider models for the frequency\ndependence of memory function (viscosity), which lead to the Navier-Stokes\nequations in fractional derivatives in space and time.",
        "positive": "Automatic structural optimization of tree tensor networks: Tree tensor network (TTN) provides an essential theoretical framework for the\npractical simulation of quantum many-body systems, where the network structure\ndefined by the connectivity of the isometry tensors plays a crucial role in\nimproving its approximation accuracy. In this paper, we propose a TTN algorithm\nthat enables us to automatically optimize the network structure by local\nreconnections of isometries to suppress the bipartite entanglement entropy on\ntheir legs. The algorithm can be seamlessly implemented to such a conventional\nTTN approach as density-matrix renormalization group. We apply the algorithm to\nthe inhomogeneous antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin chain having a hierarchical\nspatial distribution of the interactions. We then demonstrate that the\nentanglement structure embedded in the ground-state of the system can be\nefficiently visualized as a perfect binary tree in the optimized TTN. Possible\nimprovements and applications of the algorithm are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theoretical prediction of the homogeneous ice nucleation rate:\n  disentangling thermodynamics and kinetics: Estimating the homogeneous ice nucleation rate from undercooled liquid water\nis at the same time crucial for understanding many important physical phenomena\nand technological applications, and challenging for both experiments and\ntheory. From a theoretical point of view, difficulties arise due to the long\ntime scales required, as well as the numerous nucleation pathways involved to\nform ice nuclei with different stacking disorders. We computed the homogeneous\nice nucleation rate at a physically relevant undercooling for a single-site\nwater model, taking into account the diffuse nature of ice-water interfaces,\nstacking disorders in ice nuclei, and the addition rate of particles to the\ncritical nucleus.We disentangled and investigated the relative importance of\nall the terms, including interfacial free energy, entropic contributions and\nthe kinetic prefactor, that contribute to the overall nucleation rate.There has\nbeen a long-standing discrepancy for the predicted homogeneous ice nucleation\nrates, and our estimate is faster by 9 orders of magnitude compared with\nprevious literature values. Breaking down the problem into segments and\nconsidering each term carefully can help us understand where the discrepancy\nmay come from and how to systematically improve the existing computational\nmethods.",
        "positive": "Geometrical aspects and connections of the energy-temperature\n  fluctuation relation: Recently, we have derived a generalization of the known canonical fluctuation\nrelation $k_{B}C=\\beta^{2}< \\delta U^{2} >$ between heat capacity $C$ and\nenergy fluctuations, which can account for the existence of macrostates with\nnegative heat capacities $C<0$. In this work, we presented a panoramic overview\nof direct implications and connections of this fluctuation theorem with other\ndevelopments of statistical mechanics, such as the extension of canonical Monte\nCarlo methods, the geometric formulations of fluctuation theory and the\nrelevance of a geometric extension of the Gibbs canonical ensemble that has\nbeen recently proposed in the literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Passive advection of percolation process: Two-loop approximation: The paradigmatic model of the directed percolation process is studied near\nits second order phase transition between an absorbing and an active state. The\nmodel is first expressed in a form of Langevin equation and later rewritten\ninto a field-theoretic formulation. The ensuing response functional is then\nanalyzed employing Feynman diagrammatic technique and perturbative\nrenormalization group method. Percolation process is assumed to occur in\nexternal velocity field, which has an additional effect on spreading\nproperties. Kraichnan rapid change ensemble is used for generation of velocity\nfluctuations. The structure of the fixed points structure is obtained within\nthe two-loop approximation.",
        "positive": "Glass transitions and scaling laws within an alternative mode-coupling\n  theory: Idealized glass transitions are discussed within a novel mode-coupling theory\n(TMCT) proposed by Tokuyama(Physica A 395,31(2014)). This is done in order to\nidentify common grounds with and differences to the conventional mode-coupling\ntheory (MCT). It is proven that both theories imply the same scaling laws for\nthe transition dynamics, which are characterized by two power-law decay\nfunctions and two diverging power-law time scales. However, the values for the\ncorresponding anomalous exponents calculated within both theories differ from\neach other. It is proven that the TMCT, contrary to the MCT, does not describe\ntransitions with continuously vanishing arrested parts of the correlation\nfunctions. It is also demonstrated for a schematic model that the TMCT neither\nleads to the MCT scenarios for transition-line crossings nor for the appearance\nof higher-order glass-transition singularities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structure factor and dynamics of the helix-coil transition: Thermodynamical properties of the helix-coil transition were successfully\ndescribed in the past by the model of Lifson, Poland and Sheraga. Here we\ncompute the corresponding structure factor and show that it possesses a\nuniversal scaling behavior near the transition point, even when the transition\nis of first order. Moreover, we introduce a dynamical version of this model,\nthat we solve numerically. A Langevin equation is also proposed to describe the\ndynamics of the density of hydrogen bonds. Analytical solution of this equation\nshows dynamical scaling near the critical temperature and predicts a gelation\nphenomenon above the critical temperature. In the case when comparison of the\ntwo dynamical approaches is possible, the predictions of our phenomenological\ntheory agree with the results of the Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Phase Transition of the Ising Model on Fractal Lattice: Phase transition of the Ising model is investigated on a planar lattice that\nhas a fractal structure. On the lattice, the number of bonds that cross the\nborder of a finite area is doubled when the linear size of the area is extended\nby a factor of four. The free energy and the spontaneous magnetization of the\nsystem are obtained by means of the higher-order tensor renormalization group\nmethod. The system exhibits the order-disorder phase transition, where the\ncritical indices are different from that of the square-lattice Ising model. An\nexponential decay is observed in the density matrix spectrum even at the\ncritical point. It is possible to interpret that the system is less entangled\nbecause of the fractal geometry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dimensional Study of the Caging Order Parameter at the Glass Transition: The glass problem is notoriously hard and controversial. Even at the\nmean-field level, little is agreed about how a fluid turns sluggish while\nexhibiting but unremarkable structural changes. It is clear, however, that the\nprocess involves self-caging, which provides an order parameter for the\ntransition. It is also broadly assumed that this cage should have a Gaussian\nshape in the mean-field limit. Here we show that this ansatz does not hold. By\nperforming simulations as a function of spatial dimension, we find the cage to\nkeep a non-trivial form. Quantitative mean-field descriptions of the glass\ntransition, such as mode-coupling theory, density functional theory, and\nreplica theory, all miss this crucial element. Although the mean-field random\nfirst-order transition scenario of the glass transition is here qualitatively\nsupported and non-mean-field corrections are found to remain small on\ndecreasing dimension, reconsideration of its implementation is needed for it to\nresult in a coherent description of experimental observations.",
        "positive": "Exact hydrodynamic description of symmetry-resolved R\u00e9nyi entropies\n  after a quantum quench: We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of the symmetry-resolved R\\'enyi\nentropies in a one-dimensional gas of non-interacting spinless fermions by\nmeans of quantum generalised hydrodynamics, which recently allowed to obtain\nvery accurate results for the total entanglement in inhomogeneous quench\nsettings. Although our discussion is valid for any quench setting accessible\nwith quantum generalised hydrodynamics, we focus on the case of a quantum gas\ninitially prepared in a bipartite fashion and subsequently let evolve unitarily\nwith a hopping Hamiltonian. For this system, we characterise the\nsymmetry-resolved R\\'enyi entropies as function of time $t$ and of the\nentangling position $x$ along the inhomogeneous profile. We observe an\nasymptotic logarithmic growth of the charged moments at half system and an\nasymptotic restoration of equipartition of entropy among symmetry sectors with\ndeviations which are proportional to the square of the inverse of the total\nentropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Concepts of polymer statistical topology: I review few conceptual steps in analytic description of topological\ninteractions, which constitute the basis of a new interdisciplinary branch in\nmathematical physics, \"Statistical Topology\", emerged at the edge of topology\nand statistical physics of fluctuating non-phantom rope-like objects. This new\nbranch is called statistical (or probabilistic) topology.",
        "positive": "An exact solution of the partition function for mean-field quantum spin\n  systems without the static approximation: Suzuki-Trotter decomposition is a well-known technique used to calculate the\npartition function of quantum spin systems, in which the imaginary-time\ndependence of the partition function occurs inevitably. Since it is very\ndifficult to explicitly treat the imaginary-time dependence of the partition\nfunction, we usually neglect the imaginary-time dynamical effect, which is\ncalled the static approximation. Although the static approximation is the first\napproach, it is not even clear when the static approximation is justified for\nmean-field quantum spin systems, that is, mean-field quantum spin systems have\nnot been solved exactly so far. In this study, we solve exactly the partition\nfunction for a particular class of mean-field quantum spin systems including\nrandomness without the static approximation. The partition function can be\nregarded as a result of time evolution in the imaginary-time Schr\\\"odinger\nequation, and solving the exact solution of the partition function is\nequivalent to solving the optimal control problem in the imaginary-time\nSchr\\\"odinger equation. As the result, the solution of the optimal control\nproblem coincides exactly with the static approximate solution of the partition\nfunction and, therefore, the static approximation is exact for the particular\nclass of mean-field quantum spin systems including randomness in general.\nFurthermore, we prove that the analysis of the previous study in quantum\nannealing is exact where the non-stoquastic interaction and the inhomogeneous\ntransverse field accelerate the computational time exponentially for mean-field\nquantum spin systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "What would it take to build a thermodynamically reversible Universal\n  Turing machine? Computational and thermodynamic constraints in a molecular\n  design: We outline the construction of a molecular system that could, in principle,\nimplement a thermodynamically reversible Universal Turing Machine (UTM). By\nproposing a concrete-albeit idealised-design and operational protocol, we\nreveal fundamental challenges that arise when attempting to implement arbitrary\ncomputations reversibly. Firstly, the requirements of thermodynamic\nreversibility inevitably lead to an intricate design. Secondly,\nthermodynamically reversible UTMs, unlike simpler devices, must also be\nlogically reversible. Finally, implementing multiple distinct computations in\nparallel is necessary to take the cost of external control per computation to\nzero, but this approach is complicated the distinct halting times of different\ncomputations.",
        "positive": "Generalized Extensivity: In order to apply thermodynamics to systems in which entropy is not\nextensive, it has become customary to define generalized entropies. While this\napproach has been effective, it is not the only possible approach. We suggest\nthat some systems, including nanosystems, can be investigated by instead\ngeneralizing the concept of extensivity. We begin by reexamining the role of\nlinearity in the definition of complex physical systems. We show that there is\na generalized form of extensivity that can be defined for a number of\nnon-linear systems. We further show that a generalization of the principle of\nlinear superposition is the basis for defining generalized extensivity. We\nintroduce a definition for the the degree of non-extensivity for systems. We\nshow that generalized extensivity can be used as a means of understanding\ncomplex physical systems and we propose extending the idea extensivity beyond\nthermodynamics to other physical systems, including nanosystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How Multivalency controls Ionic Criticality: To understand how multivalency influences the reduced critical temperatures,\nTce (z), and densities, roce (z), of z : 1 ionic fluids, we study equisized\nhard-sphere models with z = 1-3. Following Debye, Hueckel and Bjerrum,\nassociation into ion clusters is treated with, also, ionic solvation and\nexcluded volume. In good accord with simulations but contradicting\nintegral-equation and field theories, Tce falls when z increases while roce\nrises steeply: that 80-90% of the ions are bound in clusters near T_c serves to\nexplain these trends. For z \\neq 1 interphase Galvani potentials arise and are\nevaluated.",
        "positive": "The critical energy of the Ising double chain -- the explanation for\n  melting: The Ising double chain has been overlooked for more than 80 years, since one\nwas mostly interested in phase transitions. We consider two types of\ndegeneracy, spin occupation degeneracy and \"bond\" occupation degeneracy. We\nshow that bond occupation on \"open nets\" is of particular importance for the\nunderstanding of melting. The number of open nets on a double chain is\ndetermined analytically. If only one bond site of a net is occupied, this\nalready produces a definite number of bonds on sites, bonds that do not belong\nto the net. All nets on a given chain of length $n$ then yield a total number\n$i^{(n)}_{\\rm tot}$ of bonds, allowing to calculate a characteristic energy\n$u^{(n)}_{ch}$, an approximation of the critical energy $u_c$ of the infinite\ndouble chain. We finally present an explanation for the critical energy $u^{\\rm\nKG}_c$ of the kagom\\'e lattice in terms of the critical energies $u^{\\rm TR}_c$\nand $u^{\\rm HC}_c$ of the triangular and honeycomb lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probability-Changing Cluster Algorithm for Two-Dimensional XY and Clock\n  Models: We extend the newly proposed probability-changing cluster (PCC) Monte Carlo\nalgorithm to the study of systems with the vector order parameter. Wolff's idea\nof the embedded cluster formalism is used for assigning clusters. The\nKosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transitions for the two-dimensional (2D) XY and\n$q$-state clock models are studied by using the PCC algorithm. Combined with\nthe finite-size scaling analysis based on the KT form of the correlation\nlength, $\\xi \\propto \\exp(c/\\sqrt{T/T_{\\rm KT}-1})$, we determine the KT\ntransition temperature and the decay exponent $\\eta$ as $T_{\\rm KT}=0.8933(6)$\nand $\\eta=0.243(5)$ for the 2D XY model. We investigate two transitions of the\nKT type for the 2D $q$-state clock models with $q=6,8,12$, and {\\it for the\nfirst time} confirm the prediction of $\\eta = 4/q^2$ at $T_1$, the\nlow-temperature critical point between the ordered and XY-like phases,\nsystematically.",
        "positive": "Quantum-dot Carnot engine at maximum power: We evaluate the efficiency at maximum power of a quantum-dot Carnot heat\nengine. The universal value of the coefficients at the linear and quadratic\norder in the temperature gradient are reproduced. Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency is\nrecovered in the limit of weak dissipation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Global and local relaxation of a spin-chain under exact Schroedinger and\n  master-equation dynamics: We solve the Schroedinger equation for an interacting spin-chain locally\ncoupled to a quantum environment with a specific degeneracy structure. The\nreduced dynamics of the whole spin-chain as well as of single spins is\nanalyzed. We show, that the total spin-chain relaxes to a thermal equilibrium\nstate independently of the internal interaction strength. In contrast, the\nasymptotic states of each individual spin are thermal for weak but non-thermal\nfor stronger spin-spin coupling. The transition between both scenarios is found\nfor couplings of the order of $0.1 \\times \\Delta E$, with $\\Delta E$ denoting\nthe Zeeman-splitting. We compare these results with a master equation\ntreatment; when time averaged, both approaches lead to the same asymptotic\nstate and finally with analytical results.",
        "positive": "Critical phase of a magnetic hard hexagon model on triangular lattice: We introduce a magnetic hard hexagon model with two-body restrictions for\nconfigurations of hard hexagons and investigate its critical behavior by using\nMonte Carlo simulations and a finite size scaling method for discreate values\nof activity. It turns out that the restrictions bring about a critical phase\nwhich the usual hard hexagon model does not have. An upper and a lower critical\nvalue of the discrete activity for the critical phase of the newly proposed\nmodel are estimated as 4 and 6, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Existence of shape-dependent thermodynamic limit in spin systems with\n  short- and long-range interactions: The existence of the thermodynamic limit in spin systems with short- and\nlong-range interactions is established. We consider the infinite-volume limit\nwith a fixed shape of the system. The variational expressions of the entropy\ndensity and the free energy density are obtained, which explicitly depend on\nthe shape of the system. This shape dependence of thermodynamic functions\nimplies the nonadditivity, which is one of the most important characteristics\nof long-range interacting systems.",
        "positive": "Entanglement Phase Transition Induced by the Non-Hermitian Skin Effect: Recent years have seen remarkable development in open quantum systems\neffectively described by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. A unique feature of\nnon-Hermitian topological systems is the skin effect, anomalous localization of\nan extensive number of eigenstates driven by nonreciprocal dissipation. Despite\nits significance for non-Hermitian topological phases, the relevance of the\nskin effect to quantum entanglement and critical phenomena has remained\nunclear. Here, we find that the skin effect induces a nonequilibrium quantum\nphase transition in the entanglement dynamics. We show that the skin effect\ngives rise to a macroscopic flow of particles and suppresses the entanglement\npropagation and thermalization, leading to the area law of the entanglement\nentropy in the nonequilibrium steady state. Moreover, we reveal an entanglement\nphase transition induced by the competition between the unitary dynamics and\nthe skin effect even without disorder or interactions. This entanglement phase\ntransition accompanies nonequilibrium quantum criticality characterized by a\nnonunitary conformal field theory whose effective central charge is extremely\nsensitive to the boundary conditions. We also demonstrate that it originates\nfrom an exceptional point of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian and the concomitant\nscale invariance of the skin modes localized according to the power law.\nFurthermore, we show that the skin effect leads to the purification and the\nreduction of von Neumann entropy even in Markovian open quantum systems\ndescribed by the Lindblad master equation. Our work opens a way to control the\nentanglement growth and establishes a fundamental understanding of phase\ntransitions and critical phenomena in open quantum systems far from thermal\nequilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonintegrability and thermalization of one-dimensional diatomic lattices: Nonintegrability is a necessary condition for the thermalization of a generic\nHamiltonian system. In practice, the integrability can be broken in various\nways. As illustrating examples, we numerically studied the thermalization\nbehaviors of two types of one-dimensional (1D) diatomic chains in the\nthermodynamic limit. One chain was the diatomic Toda chain whose\nnonintegrability was introduced by unequal masses. The other chain was the\ndiatomic Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou-$\\beta$ chain whose nonintegrability was\nintroduced by quartic nonlinear interaction. We found that these two different\nmethods of destroying the integrability led to qualitatively different routes\nto thermalization, but the thermalization time, $T_{eq}$, followed the same\nlaw; $T_{eq}$ was inversely proportional to the square of the perturbation\nstrength. This law also agreed with the existing results of 1D monatomic\nlattices. All these results imply that there is a universal law of\nthermalization that is independent of the method of breaking integrability.",
        "positive": "Simulations of the 3d Ginzburg-Landau Model with Soft Amplitudes: Using cluster Monte Carlo simulations, the 3d complex Ginzburg-Landau model\nreveals a first order transition when the amplitude of the complex field is\nsufficiently soft, i.e. adapts itself to the phase configurations of the field.\nThis transition is driven by phase fluctuations in agreement with a previous\nanalytical approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum correlated cluster mean-field theory applied to the transverse\n  Ising model: Mean-field theory (MFT) is one of the main available tools for analytical\ncalculations entailed in investigations regarding many-body systems. Recently,\nthere have been an urge of interest in ameliorating this kind of method, mainly\nwith the aim of incorporating geometric and correlation properties of these\nsystems. The correlated cluster MFT (CCMFT) is an improvement that succeeded\nquite well in doing that for classical spin systems. Nevertheless, even the\nCCMFT presents some deficiencies when applied to quantum systems. In this\narticle, we address this issue by proposing the quantum CCMFT (QCCMFT), which,\nin contrast to its former approach, uses general quantum states in its\nself-consistent mean-field equations. We apply the introduced QCCMFT to the\ntransverse Ising model in honeycomb, square, and simple cubic lattices and\nobtain fairly good results both for the Curie temperature of thermal phase\ntransition and for the critical field of quantum phase transition. Actually,\nour results match those obtained via exact solutions, series expansions or\nMonte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic derivation of scaling at the liquid-vapor critical point: With the use of thermodynamics and general equilibrium conditions only, we\nstudy the entropy of a fluid in the vicinity of the critical point of the\nliquid-vapor phase transition. By assuming a general form for the coexistence\ncurve in the vicinity of the critical point, we show that the functional\ndependence of the entropy as a function of energy and particle densities\nnecessarily obeys the scaling form hypothesized by Widom. Our analysis allows\nfor a discussion on the properties of the corresponding scaling function, with\nthe interesting prediction that the critical isotherm has the same functional\ndependence, between the energy and particles densities, as the coexistence\ncurve. In addition to the derivation of the expected equalities of the critical\nexponents, the conditions that lead to scaling also imply that while the\nspecific heat at constant volume can diverge at the critical point, the\nisothermal compressibility must do so."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inverse problem in the conditioning of Markov processes on trajectory\n  observables : what canonical conditionings can connect two given Markov\n  generators ?: In the field of large deviations for stochastic dynamics, the canonical\nconditioning of a given Markov process with respect to a given time-local\ntrajectory observable over a large time-window has attracted a lot of interest\nrecently. In the present paper, we analyze the following inverse problem: when\ntwo Markov generators are given, is it possible to connect them via some\ncanonical conditioning and to construct the corresponding time-local trajectory\nobservable? We focus on continuous-time Markov processes and obtain the\nfollowing necessary and sufficient conditions: (i) for continuous-time Markov\njump processes, the two generators should involve the same possible elementary\njumps in configuration space, i.e. only the values of the corresponding rates\ncan differ; (ii) for diffusion processes, the two Fokker-Planck generators\nshould involve the same diffusion coefficients, i.e. only the two forces can\ndiffer. In both settings, we then construct explicitly the various time-local\ntrajectory observables that can be used to connect the two given generators via\ncanonical conditioning. This general framework is illustrated with various\napplications involving a single particle or many-body spin models. In\nparticular, we describe several examples to show how non-equilibrium Markov\nprocesses with non-vanishing steady currents can be interpreted as the\ncanonical conditionings of detailed-balance processes with respect to explicit\ntime-local trajectory observables.",
        "positive": "The Microscopic Response Method: theory of transport for systems with\n  both topological and thermal disorder: In this paper, we review and substantially develop the recently proposed\n\"Microscopic Response Method\", which has been devised to compute transport\ncoefficients and especially associated temperature dependence in complex\nmaterials. The conductivity and Hall mobility of amorphous semiconductors and\nsemiconducting polymers are systematically derived, and shown to be more\npractical than the Kubo formalism. The effect of a quantized lattice (phonons)\non transport coefficients is fully included and then integrated out, providing\nthe primary temperature dependence for the transport coefficients. For\nhigher-order processes, using a diagrammatic expansion, one can consistently\ninclude all important contributions to a given order and directly write out the\nexpressions of transport coefficients for various processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory for Glassy Behavior of Supercooled Liquid Mixtures: We present a model for glassy dynamics in supercooled liquid mixtures. Given\nthe relaxation behavior of individual supercooled liquids, the model predicts\nthe relaxation times of their mixtures as temperature is decreased. The model\nis based on dynamical facilitation theory for glassy dynamics, which provides a\nphysical basis for relaxation and vitrification of a supercooled liquid. This\nis in contrast to empirical linear interpolations such as the Gordon-Taylor\nequation typically used to predict glass transition temperatures of liquid\nmixtures. To understand the behavior of supercooled liquid mixtures we consider\na multi-component variant of the kinetically constrained East model in which\ncomponents have a different energy scale and can also diffuse when locally\nmobile regions, i.e., excitations, are present. Using a variational approach we\ndetermine an effective single component model with a single effective energy\nscale that best approximates a mixture. When scaled by this single effective\nenergy, we show that experimental relaxation times of many liquid mixtures all\ncollapse onto the 'parabolic law' predicted by dynamical facilitation theory.\nThe model can be used to predict transport properties and glass transition\ntemperatures of mixtures of glassy materials, with implications in atmospheric\nchemistry, biology, and pharmaceuticals.",
        "positive": "Crackling vs. continuum-like dynamics in brittle failure: We study how the loading rate, specimen geometry and microstructural texture\nselect the dynamics of a crack moving through an heterogeneous elastic material\nin the quasi-static approximation. We find a transition, fully controlled by\ntwo dimensionless variables, between dynamics ruled by continuum fracture\nmechanics and crackling dynamics. Selection of the latter by the loading,\nmicrostructure and specimen parameters is formulated in terms of scaling laws\non the power spectrum of crack velocity. This analysis defines the experimental\nconditions required to observe crackling in fracture. Beyond failure problems,\nthe results extend to a variety of situations described by models of the same\nuniversality class, e.g. the dynamics in wetting or of domain walls in\namorphous ferromagnets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exactly solvable Gaussian and non-Gaussian mean-field games and\n  collective swarms dynamics: The collective behaviour of stochastic multi-agents swarms driven by Gaussian\nand non-Gaussian environments is analytically discussed in a mean-field\napproach. We first exogenously implement long range mutual interactions rules\nwith strengths that are modulated by the real-time distance separating each\nagent with the swarm barycentre. Depending on the form of this barycentric\nmodulation, a transition between drastically collective behaviours can be\nunveiled. A behavioural bifurcation threshold due to the tradeoff between the\ndesynchronisation effects of the stochastic environment and the synchronising\ninteractions is analytically calculated. For strong enough interactions, the\nemergence of a swarm soliton propagating wave is observable. Alternatively,\nweaker interactions cannot overcome the environmental noise and evanescent\ndiffusive waves result. In a second and complementary approach, we show the the\nemergent solitons can alternatively be interpreted as being the optimal\nequilibrium of mean-field games (MFG) models with ad-hoc running cost functions\nwhich are here exactly determined. The MFG's equilibria resulting from the\noptimisation of individual utility functions are solitons that are therefore\nendogenously generated. Hence for the classes of models here proposed, an\nexplicit correspondence between exogenous and endogenous interaction rules\nultimately producing similar collective effects can be explicitly constructed.\nFor both Gaussian and non-Gaussian environments our exact results unveil new\nclasses of exactly solvable mean-field games dynamics.",
        "positive": "A discussion on maximum entropy production and information theory: We will discuss the maximum entropy production (MaxEP) principle based on\nJaynes' information theoretical arguments, as was done by Dewar (2003, 2005).\nWith the help of a simple mathematical model of a non-equilibrium system, we\nwill show how to derive minimum and maximum entropy production. Furthermore,\nthe model will help us to clarify some confusing points and to see differences\nbetween some MaxEP studies in the literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficiency of isothermal molecular machines at maximum power: We derive upper and lower bounds for the efficiency of an isothermal\nmolecular machine operating at maximum power. The upper bound is reached when\nthe activated state is close to the fueling or reactant state (Eyring-like),\nwhile the lower bound is reached when the activated state is close to the\nproduct state (Kramers-like).",
        "positive": "Noncrossing partition flow and random matrix models: We study a generating function flowing from the one enumerating a set of\npartitions to the one enumerating the corresponding set of noncrossing\npartitions; numerical simulations indicate that its limit in the Adjacency\nrandom matrix model on bipartite Erd\\\"os-Renyi graphs gives a good\napproximation of the spectral distribution for large average degrees. This\nmodel and a Wishart-type random matrix model are described using congruence\nclasses on $k$-divisible partitions.\n  We compute, in the $d\\to \\infty$ limit with $\\frac{Z_a}{d}$ fixed, the\nspectral distribution of an Adjacency and of a Laplacian random block matrix\nmodel, on bipartite Erd\\\"os-Renyi graphs and on bipartite biregular graphs with\ndegrees $Z_1, Z_2$; the former is the approximation previously mentioned; the\nlatter is a mean field approximation of the Hessian of a random bipartite\nbiregular elastic network; it is characterized by an isostatic line and a\ntransition line between the one- and the two-band regions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Re-examination of the infra-red properties of randomly stirred\n  hydrodynamics: Dynamic renormalization group (RG) methods were originally used by Forster,\nNelson and Stephen (FNS) to study the large-scale behaviour of\nrandomly-stirred, incompressible fluids governed by the Navier-Stokes\nequations. Similar calculations using a variety of methods have been performed\nsince, but have led to a discrepancy in results. In this paper, we carefully\nre-examine in $d$-dimensions the approaches used to calculate the renormalized\nviscosity increment and, by including an additional constraint which is\nneglected in many procedures, conclude that the original result of FNS is\ncorrect. By explicitly using step functions to control the domain of\nintegration, we calculate a non-zero correction caused by boundary terms which\ncannot be ignored. We then go on to analyze how the noise renormalization,\nabsent in many approaches, contributes an ${\\mathcal O}(k^2)$ correction to the\nforce autocorrelation and show conditions for this to be taken as a\nrenormalization of the noise coefficient. Following this, we discuss the\napplicability of this RG procedure to the calculation of the inertial range\nproperties of fluid turbulence.",
        "positive": "A Gauge Field Theory of Chirally Folded Homopolymers with Applications\n  to Folded Proteins: We combine the principle of gauge invariance with extrinsic string geometry\nto develop a lattice model that can be employed to theoretically describe\nproperties of chiral, unbranched homopolymers. We find that in its low\ntemperature phase the model is in the same universality class with proteins\nthat are deposited in the Protein Data Bank, in the sense of the compactness\nindex. We apply the model to analyze various statistical aspects of folded\nproteins. Curiously we find that it can produce results that are a very good\ngood match to the data in the Protein Data Bank."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The depinning transition of a driven interface in the random-field Ising\n  model around the upper critical dimension: We investigate the depinning transition for driven interfaces in the\nrandom-field Ising model for various dimensions. We consider the order\nparameter as a function of the control parameter (driving field) and examine\nthe effect of thermal fluctuations. Although thermal fluctuations drive the\nsystem away from criticality the order parameter obeys a certain scaling law\nfor sufficiently low temperatures and the corresponding exponents are\ndetermined. Our results suggest that the so-called upper critical dimension of\nthe depinning transition is five and that the systems belongs to the\nuniversality class of the quenched Edward-Wilkinson equation.",
        "positive": "Interfacial depinning transitions in disordered media: revisiting an old\n  puzzle: Interfaces advancing through random media represent a number of different\nproblems in physics, biology and other disciplines. Here, we study the\npinning/depinning transition of the prototypical non-equilibrium interfacial\nmodel, i.e. the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation, advancing in a disordered medium.\nWe analyze separately the cases of positive and negative non-linearity\ncoefficients, which are believed to exhibit qualitatively different behavior:\nthe positive case shows a continuous transition that can be related to\ndirected-percolation-depinning while in the negative case there is a\ndiscontinuous transition and faceted interfaces appear. Some studies have\nargued from different perspectives that both cases share the same universal\nbehavior. Here, by using a number of computational and scaling techniques we\nshed light on this puzzling situation and conclude that the two cases are\nintrinsically different."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "R\u00e9nyi entropies after releasing the N\u00e9el state in the XXZ spin-chain: We study the R\\'enyi entropies in the spin-$1/2$ anisotropic Heisenberg chain\nafter a quantum quench starting from the N\\'eel state. The quench action method\nallows us to obtain the stationary R\\'enyi entropies for arbitrary values of\nthe index $\\alpha$ as generalised free energies evaluated over a calculable\nthermodynamic macrostate depending on $\\alpha$. We work out this macrostate for\nseveral values of $\\alpha$ and of the anisotropy $\\Delta$ by solving the\nthermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations. By varying $\\alpha$ different regions of\nthe Hamiltonian spectrum are accessed. The two extremes are $\\alpha\\to\\infty$\nfor which the thermodynamic macrostate is either the ground state or a\nlow-lying excited state (depending on $\\Delta$) and $\\alpha=0$ when the\nmacrostate is the infinite temperature state. The R\\'enyi entropies are easily\nobtained from the macrostate as function of $\\alpha$ and a few interesting\nlimits are analytically characterised. We provide robust numerical evidence to\nconfirm our results using exact diagonalisation and a stochastic numerical\nimplementation of Bethe ansatz. Finally, using tDMRG we calculate the time\nevolution of the R\\'enyi entanglement entropies. For large subsystems and for\nany $\\alpha$, their density turns out to be compatible with that of the\nthermodynamic R\\'enyi entropies",
        "positive": "Semi-infinite jellium: thermodynamic potential, chemical potential,\n  surface energy: General expression for the thermodynamic potential of the model of\nsemi-infinite jellium is obtained. By using this expression, the surface energy\nfor infinite barrier model is calculated. The behavior of the surface energy\nand of chemical potential as functions of the Wigner-Seitz radius and the\ninfluence of the Coulomb interaction between electrons on the calculated values\nis studied. It is shown that taking into account the Coulomb interaction\nbetween electrons leads to growth of the surface energy. The surface energy is\npositive in the entire area of the Wigner-Seitz radius. It is shown that taking\ninto account the Coulomb interaction between electrons leads to a decrease of\nthe chemical potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractal information production of the human genome: We determine the Renyi entropies K_q of symbol sequences generated by human\nchromosomes. These exhibit nontrivial behaviour as a function of the scanning\nparameter q. In the thermodynamic formalism, there are phase transition-like\nphenomena close to the q=1 region. We develop a theoretical model for this\nbased on the superposition of two multifractal sets, which can be associated\nwith the different statistical properties of coding and non-coding DNA\nsequences. This model is in good agreement with the human chromosome data.",
        "positive": "Typical fast thermalization processes in closed many-body systems: Lack of knowledge about the detailed many-particle motion on the microscopic\nscale is a key issue in any theoretical description of a macroscopic\nexperiment. For systems at or close to thermal equilibrium, statistical\nmechanics provides a very successful general framework to cope with this\nproblem. Far from equilibrium, only very few quantitative and comparably\nuniversal results are known. Here, a new quantum mechanical prediction of this\ntype is derived and verified against various experimental and numerical data\nfrom the literature. It quantitatively describes the entire temporal relaxation\ntowards thermal equilibrium for a large class (in a mathematically precisely\ndefined sense) of closed many-body systems, whose initial state may be\narbitrarily far from equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coherent and Incoherent structures in systems described by the 1D CGLE:\n  Experiments and Identification: Much of the nontrivial dynamics of the one dimensional Complex\nGinzburg-Landau Equation (CGLE) is dominated by propagating structures that are\ncharacterized by local ``twists'' of the phase-field. I give a brief overview\nof the most important properties of these various structures, formulate a\nnumber of experimental challenges and address the question how such structures\nmay be identified in experimental space-time data sets.",
        "positive": "Random Walks on deterministic Scale-Free networks: Exact results: We study the random walk problem on a class of deterministic Scale-Free\nnetworks displaying a degree sequence for hubs scaling as a power law with an\nexponent $\\gamma=\\log 3/\\log2$. We find exact results concerning different\nfirst-passage phenomena and, in particular, we calculate the probability of\nfirst return to the main hub. These results allow to derive the exact analytic\nexpression for the mean time to first reach the main hub, whose leading\nbehavior is given by $\\tau \\sim V^{1-1/\\gamma}$, where $V$ denotes the size of\nthe structure, and the mean is over a set of starting points distributed\nuniformly over all the other sites of the graph. Interestingly, the process\nturns out to be particularly efficient. We also discuss the thermodynamic limit\nof the structure and some local topological properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "1/f spectrum and memory function analysis of solvation dynamics in a\n  room-temperature ionic liquid: To understand the non-exponential relaxation associated with solvation\ndynamics in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate,\nwe study power spectra of the fluctuating Franck-Condon energy gap of a\ndiatomic probe solute via molecular dynamics simulations. Results show 1/f\ndependence in a wide frequency range over 2 to 3 decades, indicating\ndistributed relaxation times. We analyze the memory function and solvation time\nin the framework of the generalized Langevin equation using a simple model\ndescription for the power spectrum. It is found that the crossover frequency\ntoward the white noise plateau is directly related to the time scale for the\nmemory function and thus the solvation time. Specifically, the low crossover\nfrequency observed in the ionic liquid leads to a slowly-decaying tail in its\nmemory function and long solvation time. By contrast, acetonitrile\ncharacterized by a high crossover frequency and (near) absence of 1/f behavior\nin its power spectra shows fast relaxation of the memory function and\nsingle-exponential decay of solvation dynamics in the long-time regime.",
        "positive": "Global optimization of tensor renormalization group using the corner\n  transfer matrix: A tensor network renormalization algorithm with global optimization based on\nthe corner transfer matrix is proposed. Since the environment is updated by the\ncorner transfer matrix renormalization group method, the forward-backward\niteration is unnecessary, which is a time-consuming part of other methods with\nglobal optimization. In addition, a further approximation reducing the order of\nthe computational cost of contraction for the calculation of the coarse-grained\ntensor is proposed. The computational time of our algorithm in two dimensions\nscales as the sixth power of the bond dimension while the higher-order tensor\nrenormalization group and the higher-order second renormalization group methods\nhave the seventh power. We perform benchmark calculations in the Ising model on\nthe square lattice and show that the time-to-solution of the proposed algorithm\nis faster than that of other methods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetics of phase transformations with heterogeneous\n  correlated-nucleation: We develop a stochastic approach for describing 3D-phase transformations\nruled by time-dependent correlated nucleation at solid surfaces. The kinetics\nis expressed as a series of correlation functions and, at odds with modeling\nbased on Poisson statistics, it is formulated in terms of actual nucleation\nrate. It is shown that truncation of the series up to second order terms in\ncorrelation functions provides a very good approximation of the kinetics. The\ntime evolution of both total amount of growing phase and surface coverage by\nthe new phase have been determined. The theory is applied to describe\nprogressive nucleation with parabolic growth under time dependent hard-disk\ncorrelation. This approach is particularly suitable for describing\nelectrochemical deposition by nucleation and growth where correlation effects\nare significant. In this ambit the effect of correlated nucleation on the\nbehavior of kinetic quantities used to study electrodeposition has also been\ninvestigated.",
        "positive": "Enhancement of Stochastic Resonance in distributed systems due to a\n  selective coupling: Recent massive numerical simulations have shown that the response of a\n\"stochastic resonator\" is enhanced as a consequence of spatial coupling.\nSimilar results have been analytically obtained in a reaction-diffusion model,\nusing \"nonequilibrium potential\" techniques. We now consider a field-dependent\ndiffusivity and show that the \"selectivity\" of the coupling is more efficient\nfor achieving stochastic-resonance enhancement than its overall value in the\nconstant-diffusivity case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal transport characteristics of Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chains undergoing\n  soft-sphere type collisions: We show numerically that including soft-sphere type collisions in the\ncelebrated Fermi-Pasta-Ulam ($FPU$) chain completely alters the thermal\ntransport characteristics. The resulting $FPU^C$ chains, while being momentum\npreserving, satisfy the Fourier's law and do not show anomalous thermal\ntransport behavior. Collisions play a significant role in reducing the boundary\njumps typically observed in $FPU$ chains. The thermal conductivity of the\n$FPU^C$ chains is significantly smaller than the $FPU$ chains at low\ntemperatures due to the fast redistribution of energy from the lowest mode of\nvibrations to the higher modes. At high temperatures, however, the $FPU^C$\nchains have larger thermal conductivity than the $FPU$ chains due to the large\ncontributions to the heat flux because of the large-magnitude short-ranged\nanharmonic collision force.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic instabilities in one dimension: correlations, scaling and\n  solitons: Many thermodynamic instabilities in one dimension (e.g. DNA thermal\ndenaturation, wetting of interfaces) can be described in terms of simple models\ninvolving harmonic coupling between nearest neighbors and an asymmetric on-site\npotential with a repulsive core, a stable minimum and a flat top. The paper\ndeals with the case of the Morse on-site potential, which can be treated\nexactly in the continuum limit. Analytical expressions for correlation\nfunctions are derived; they are shown to obey scaling; numerical\ntransfer-integral values obtained for a discrete version of the model exhibit\nthe same critical behavior. Furthermore, it is shown in detail that the onset\nof the transition can be characterized by an entropic stabilization of an\n-otherwise unstable-, nonlinear field configuration, a soliton-like domain wall\n(DW) with macroscopic energy content. The statistical mechanics of the DW\nprovides an exact estimate of the critical temperature for a wide range of the\ndiscretization parameter; this suggests that the transition can be accurately\nviewed as being \"driven\" by a nonlinear entity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First passage time exponent for higher-order random walks:Using Levy\n  flights: We present a heuristic derivation of the first passage time exponent for the\nintegral of a random walk [Y. G. Sinai, Theor. Math. Phys. {\\bf 90}, 219\n(1992)]. Building on this derivation, we construct an estimation scheme to\nunderstand the first passage time exponent for the integral of the integral of\na random walk, which is numerically observed to be $0.220\\pm0.001$. We discuss\nthe implications of this estimation scheme for the $n{\\rm th}$ integral of a\nrandom walk. For completeness, we also address the $n=\\infty$ case. Finally, we\nexplore an application of these processes to an extended, elastic object being\npulled through a random potential by a uniform applied force. In so doing, we\ndemonstrate a time reparameterization freedom in the Langevin equation that\nmaps nonlinear stochastic processes into linear ones.",
        "positive": "Summation of Divergent Series and Quantum Phase Transitions in Kitaev\n  Chains with Long-Range Hopping: We study the quantum phase transitions (QPTs) in extended Kitaev chains with\nlong-range ($1/r^{\\alpha}$) hopping. Formally, there are two QPT points at\n$\\mu=\\mu_0(\\alpha)$ and $\\mu_\\pi(\\alpha)$ ($\\mu$ is the chemical potential)\nwhich correspond to the summations of $\\sum_{m=1}^{\\infty}m^{-\\alpha}$ and\n$\\sum_{m=1}^{\\infty}(-1)^{m-1}m^{-\\alpha}$, respectively. When $\\alpha\\leq0$,\nboth the series are divergent and it is usually believed that no QPTs exist.\nHowever, we find that there are two QPTs at $\\mu=\\mu_0(0)$ and $\\mu_\\pi(0)$ for\n$\\alpha=0$ and one QPT at $\\mu=\\mu_\\pi(\\alpha)$ for $\\alpha<0$. These QPTs are\nsecond order. The $\\mu_0(0)$ and $\\mu_\\pi(\\alpha\\leq0)$ correspond to the\nsummations of the divergent series obtained by the analytic continuation of the\nRiemann $\\zeta$ function and Dirichlet $\\eta$ function. Moreover, it is found\nthat the quasiparticle energy spectra are discontinue functions of the wave\nvector $k$ and divide into two branches. This is quite different from that in\nthe case of $\\alpha>0$ and induces topological phases with the winding number\n$\\omega:=\\pm1/2$. At the same time, the von Neumann entropy are power law of\nthe subchain length $L$ no matter in the gapped region or not. In addition, we\nalso study the QPTs, topological properties, and von Neumann entropy of the\nsystems with $\\alpha>0$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the long range correlations of thermodynamic systems out of\n  equilibrium: Experiments show that macroscopic systems in a stationary nonequilibrium\nstate exhibit long range correlations of the local thermodynamic variables. In\nprevious papers we proposed a Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the nonequilibrium\nfree energy as a basic principle of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. We show here\nhow an equation for the two point correlations can be derived from the\nHamilton-Jacobi equation for arbitrary transport coefficients for dynamics with\nboth external fields and boundary reservoirs. In contrast with fluctuating\nhydrodynamics, this approach can be used to derive equations for correlations\nof any order. Generically, the solutions of the equation for the correlation\nfunctions are non-trivial and show that long range correlations are indeed a\ncommon feature of nonequilibrium systems. Finally, we establish a criterion to\ndetermine whether the local thermodynamic variables are positively or\nnegatively correlated in terms of properties of the transport coefficients.",
        "positive": "Observation of SLE$(\u03ba,\u03c1)$ on the Critical Statistical Models: Schramm-Loewner Evolution (SLE) is a stochastic process that helps classify\ncritical statistical models using one real parameter $\\kappa$. Numerical study\nof SLE often involves curves that start and end on the real axis. To reduce\nnumerical errors in studying the critical curves which start from the real axis\nand end on it, we have used hydrodynamically normalized SLE($\\kappa,\\rho$)\nwhich is a stochastic differential equation that is hypothesized to govern such\ncurves. In this paper we directly verify this hypothesis and numerically apply\nthis formalism to the domain wall curves of the Abelian Sandpile Model (ASM)\n($\\kappa=2$) and critical percolation ($\\kappa=6$). We observe that this method\nis more reliable for analyzing interface loops."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From Non-normalizable Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics to infinite-ergodic\n  theory: We study a particle immersed in a heat bath, in the presence of an external\nforce which decays at least as rapidly as $1/x$, for example a particle\ninteracting with a surface through a Lennard-Jones or a logarithmic potential.\nAs time increases, our system approaches a non-normalizable Boltzmann state. We\nstudy observables, such as the energy, which are integrable with respect to\nthis asymptotic thermal state, calculating both time and ensemble averages. We\nderive a useful canonical-like ensemble which is defined out of equilibrium,\nusing a maximum entropy principle, where the constraints are: normalization,\nfinite averaged energy and a mean-squared displacement which increases linearly\nwith time. Our work merges infinite-ergodic theory with Boltzmann-Gibbs\nstatistics, thus extending the scope of the latter while shedding new light on\nthe concept of ergodicity.",
        "positive": "An exact solution on the ferromagnetic Face-Cubic spin model on a Bethe\n  lattice: The lattice spin model with $Q$--component discrete spin variables restricted\nto have orientations orthogonal to the faces of $Q$-dimensional hypercube is\nconsidered on the Bethe lattice, the recursive graph which contains no cycles.\nThe partition function of the model with dipole--dipole and\nquadrupole--quadrupole interaction for arbitrary planar graph is presented in\nterms of double graph expansions. The latter is calculated exactly in case of\ntrees. The system of two recurrent relations which allows to calculate all\nthermodynamic characteristics of the model is obtained. The correspondence\nbetween thermodynamic phases and different types of fixed points of the RR is\nestablished. Using the technique of simple iterations the plots of the zero\nfield magnetization and quadrupolar moment are obtained. Analyzing the regions\nof stability of different types of fixed points of the system of recurrent\nrelations the phase diagrams of the model are plotted. For $Q \\leq 2$ the phase\ndiagram of the model is found to have three tricritical points, whereas for $Q>\n2$ there are one triple and one tricritical points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the 2-point function of the O(N) model: The self-energy of the critical 3-dimensional O(N) model is calculated. The\nanalysis is performed in the context of the Non-Perturbative Renormalization\nGroup, by exploiting an approximation which takes into account contributions of\nan infinite number of vertices. A very simple calculation yields the 2-point\nfunction in the whole range of momenta, from the UV Gaussian regime to the\nscaling one. Results are in good agreement with best estimates in the\nliterature for any value of N in all momenta regimes. This encourages the use\nof this simple approximation procedure to calculate correlation functions at\nfinite momenta in other physical situations.",
        "positive": "Reconstructing an economic space from a market metric: Using a metric related to the returns correlation, a method is proposed to\nreconstruct an economic space from the market data. A reduced subspace,\nassociated to the systematic structure of the market, is identified and its\ndimension related to the number of terms in factor models. Example were worked\nout involving sets of companies from the DJIA and S&P500 indexes. Having a\nmetric defined in the space of companies, network topology coefficients may be\nused to extract further information from the data. A notion of \"continuous\nclustering\" is defined and empirically related to the occurrence of market\nshocks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A tale of two condensates: the odd \"Bose - Einstein\" condensation of\n  atomic Hydrogen: The recent report of the observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic\nHydrogen, characterized by an \"anomalous\" density spectrum, is shown to be in\nagreement with the prediction of the existence of two condensates for\ntemperatures lower than a well defined temperature (which for Hydrogen is $\n105~ \\mu K $), based on the QED coherent interaction in a gas of ultracold\natoms at a density $n > n_0 (n_0=(1/\\lambda)^3, \\lambda$ being the wave-length\nof the e.m. modes resonantly coupled to the Hydrogen atoms)",
        "positive": "Fluctuations of two-time quantities and time-reparametrization\n  invariance in spin-glasses: This article is a contribution to the understanding of fluctuations in the\nout of equilibrium dynamics of glassy systems. By extending theoretical ideas\nbased on the assumption that time-reparametrization invariance develops\nasymptotically we deduce the scaling properties of diverse high-order\ncorrelation functions. We examine these predictions with numerical tests in a\nstandard glassy model, the 3d Edwards-Anderson spin-glass, and in a system\nwhere time-reparametrization invariance is not expected to hold, the 2d\nferromagnetic Ising model, both at low temperatures. Our results enlighten a\nqualitative difference between the fluctuation properties of the two models and\nshow that scaling properties conform to the time-reparametrization invariance\nscenario in the former but not in the latter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Models of Mixed Matter: The review considers statistical systems composed of several phases that are\nintermixed in space at mesoscopic scale and systems representing a mixture of\nseveral components of microscopic objects. These types of mixtures should be\ndistinguished from the Gibbs phase mixture, where the system is filled by\nmacroscopic pieces of phases. The description of the macroscopic Gibbs mixture\nis rather simple, consisting in the consideration of pure phases separated by a\nsurface, whose contribution becomes negligible in thermodynamic limit. The\nproperties of mixtures, where phases are intermixed at mesoscopic scale, are\nprincipally different. The emphasis in the review is on the matter with phases\nmixed at mesoscopic scale. Heterogeneous materials composed of mesoscopic\nmixtures are ubiquitous in nature. A general theory of such mesoscopic mixtures\nis presented and illustrated by several condensed matter models. A mixture of\nseveral components of microscopic objects is illustrated by clustering\nquark-hadron matter.",
        "positive": "Microscopic Dynamics of Nonlinear Fokker-Planck Equations: We propose a new approach to describe the effective microscopic dynamics of\n(power-law) nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations. Our formalism is based on a\nnonextensive generalization of the Wiener process. This allow us to obtain, in\naddition to significant physical insights, several analytical results with\ngreat simplicity. Indeed, we obtain analytical solutions for a nonextensive\nversion of Brownian free-particle and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, and explain\nanomalous diffusive behaviours in terms of memory effects in a nonextensive\ngeneralization of Gaussian white noise. Finally, we apply the develop formalism\nto model thermal noise in electric circuits."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Power spectral density of a single Brownian trajectory: What one can and\n  cannot learn from it: The power spectral density (PSD) of any time-dependent stochastic processes\n$X_t$ is a meaningful feature of its spectral content. In its text-book\ndefinition, the PSD is the Fourier transform of the covariance function of\n$X_t$ over an infinitely large observation time $T$, that is, it is defined as\nan ensemble-averaged property taken in the limit $T \\to \\infty$. A legitimate\nquestion is what information on the PSD can be reliably obtained from\nsingle-trajectory experiments, if one goes beyond the standard definition and\nanalyzes the PSD of a \\textit{single} trajectory recorded for a \\textit{finite}\nobservation time $T$. In quest for this answer, for a $d$-dimensional Brownian\nmotion we calculate the probability density function of a single-trajectory PSD\nfor arbitrary frequency $f$, finite observation time $T$ and arbitrary number\n$k$ of projections of the trajectory on different axes. We show analytically\nthat the scaling exponent for the frequency-dependence of the PSD specific to\nan ensemble of Brownian motion trajectories can be already obtained from a\nsingle trajectory, while the numerical amplitude in the relation between the\nensemble-averaged and single-trajectory PSDs is a fluctuating property which\nvaries from realization to realization. The distribution of this amplitude is\ncalculated exactly and is discussed in detail. Our results are confirmed by\nnumerical simulations and single particle tracking experiments, with remarkably\ngood agreement. In addition we consider a truncated Wiener representation of\nBrownian motion, and the case of a discrete-time lattice random walk. We\nhighlight some differences in the behavior of a single-trajectory PSD for\nBrownian motion and for the two latter situations. The framework developed\nherein will allow for meaningful physical analysis of experimental stochastic\ntrajectories.",
        "positive": "Normal heat conduction in one dimensional momentum conserving lattices\n  with asymmetric interactions: The heat conduction behavior of one dimensional momentum conserving lattice\nsystems with asymmetric interparticle interactions is numerically investigated.\nIt is found that with certain degree of interaction asymmetry, the heat\nconductivity measured in nonequilibrium stationary states converges in the\nthermodynamical limit, in clear contrast to the well accepted viewpoint that\nFourier's law is generally violated in low dimensional momentum conserving\nsystems. It suggests in nonequilibrium stationary states the mass gradient\nresulted from the asymmetric interactions may provide an additional phonon\nscattering mechanism other than that due to the nonlinear interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Multi-Species Asymmetric Exclusion Model with an Impurity: A multi-species generalization of the Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process\n(ASEP) has been considered in the presence of a single impurity on a ring. The\nmodel describes particles hopping in one direction with stochastic dynamics and\nhard core exclusion condition. The ordinary particles hop forward with their\ncharacteristic hopping rates and fast particles can overtake slow ones with a\nrelative rate. The impurity, which is the slowest particle in the ensemble of\nparticles on the ring, hops in the same direction of the ordinary particles\nwith its intrinsic hopping rate and can be overtaken by ordinary particles with\na rate which is not necessarily a relative rate. We will show that the phase\ndiagram of the model can be obtained exactly. It turns out that the phase\nstructure of the model depends on the density distribution function of the\nordinary particles on the ring so that it can have either four phases or only\none. The mean speed of impurity and also the total current of the ordinary\nparticles are explicitly calculated in each phase. Using Monte Carlo\nsimulation, the density profile of the ordinary particles is also obtained. The\nsimulation data confirm all of the analytical calculations.",
        "positive": "Diffusion equations for a Markovian jumping process: We consider a Markovian jumping process which is defined in terms of the\njump-size distribution and the waiting-time distribution with a\nposition-dependent frequency, in the diffusion limit. We assume the power-law\nform for the frequency. For small steps, we derive the Fokker-Planck equation\nand show the presence of the normal diffusion, subdiffusion and superdiffusion.\nFor the L\\'evy distribution of the step-size, we construct a fractional\nequation, which possesses a variable coefficient, and solve it in the diffusion\nlimit. Then we calculate fractional moments and define fractional diffusion\ncoefficient as a natural extension to the cases with the divergent variance. We\nalso solve the master equation numerically and demonstrate that there are\ndeviations from the L\\'evy stable distribution for large wave numbers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagram and density large deviations of a nonconserving ABC model: The effect of particle-nonconserving processes on the steady state of driven\ndiffusive systems is studied within the context of a generalized ABC model. It\nis shown that in the limit of slow nonconserving processes, the large deviation\nfunction of the overall particle density can be computed by making use of the\nsteady state density profile of the conserving model. In this limit one can\ndefine a chemical potential and identify first order transitions via Maxwell's\nconstruction, similarly to what is done in equilibrium systems. This method may\nbe applied to other driven models subjected to slow nonconserving dynamics.",
        "positive": "Colloid aggregation induced by oppositely charged polyions: The \"polymer reference interaction site model\" (PRISM) integral equation\nformalism is used to determine the pair structure of binary colloidal\ndispersions involving large and small polyions of opposite charge. Two examples\nof such bidisperse suspensions are considered in detail, namely mixtures of\ncharged spherical colloids and oppositely charged polyelectrolyte chains, and\nbinary mixtures of oppositely charged large and small clay platelets. In both\ncases clear evidence is found for aggregation of the larger particles induced\nby the polyionic counterions, signalled by a strong enhancement of long\nwavelength concentration fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behaviour in active lattice models of motility-induced phase\n  separation: Lattice models allow for a computationally efficient investigation of\nmotility-induced phase separation (MIPS) compared to off-lattice systems.\nSimulations are less demanding and thus bigger systems can be accessed with\nhigher accuracy and better statistics. In equilibrium, lattice and off-lattice\nmodels with comparable interactions belong to the same universality class.\nWhether concepts of universality also hold for active particles is still a\ncontroversial and open question. Here, we examine two recently proposed active\nlattice systems that undergo MIPS and investigate numerically their critical\nbehaviour. In particular, we examine the claim that these systems and MIPS in\ngeneral belong to the Ising universality class. We also take a more detailed\nlook on the influence and role of rotational diffusion and active velocity in\nthese systems.",
        "positive": "Axiomatic theory of nonequilibrium system: Mutually conjugated synergetic schemes are assumed to address evolution of\nnonequilibrium self-organizing system. Within framework of the former, the\nsystem is parameterized by a conserving order parameter being a density, a\nconjugate field reducing to gradient of related flux, and control parameter,\nwhose driven magnitude fixes stationary state. We show that so-introduced\nconjugate field and control parameter are relevant to entropy and internal\nenergy, so that self-organization effect is appeared as a negative temperature.\nAlong the line of the conjugated scheme, roles of order parameter, conjugate\nfield and control parameter are played with a flux of conserving value, and\ngradients of both chemical potential and temperature. With growth of the\nlatter, relevant value of the entropy shows to decrease in supercritical regime\nrelated to spontaneous flux-state. We proof that both approach stated on using\ndensity and conjugated flux as order parameters follow from unified field\ntheory related to the simplest choice of both Lagrangian and dissipative\nfunction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A microscopic model for thin film spreading: A microscopic, driven lattice gas model is proposed for the dynamics and\nspatio-temporal fluctuations of the precursor film observed in spreading\nexperiments. Matter is transported both by holes and particles, and the\ndistribution of each can be described by driven diffusion with a moving\nboundary. This picture leads to a stochastic partial differential equation for\nthe shape of the boundary, which agrees with the simulations of the lattice\ngas. Preliminary results for flow in a thermal gradient are discussed.",
        "positive": "Macroscopic dynamical fluctuations in Kac ring model: We study dynamical fluctuations in the macroscopic paths around the most\nprobable path of the Kac ring model, which is a simple deterministic and\nreversible dynamical system exhibiting the macroscopic irreversible relaxation.\nWe derive the form of the generating function for macroscopic paths and show\nthat the small deviations are described by a discrete-time Ornstein-Uhlenbeck\nprocess. We also argue that the microscopic reversibility leads to the\nfluctuation relation of the rate function, and prove it based on the form of\nthe generating function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum-tunneling transitions and exact statistical mechanics of\n  bistable systems with parametrized Dikand\u00e9-Kofan\u00e9 double-well potentials: We consider a one-dimensional system of interacting particles, in which\nparticles are subjected to a bistable potential the double-well shape of which\nis tunable via a shape deformability parameter. Our objective is to examine the\nimpact of shape deformability on the order of transition in quantum tunneling\nin the bistable system, and on the possible existence of exact solutions to the\ntransfer-integral operator associated with the partition function of the\nsystem. The bistable potential is represented by a class composed of three\nfamilies of parametrized double-well potentials, whose minima and barrier\nheight can be tuned distinctly. It is found that the extra degree of freedom,\nintroduced by the shape deformability parameter, favors a first-order\ntransition in quantum tunneling, in addition to the second-order transition\npredicted with the $\\phi^4$ model. This first-order transition in quantum\ntunneling, which is consistent with Chudnovsky's conjecture of the influence of\nthe shape of the potential barrier on the order of thermally-assisted\ntransitions in bistable systems, is shown to occur at a critical value of the\nshape-deformability parameter which is the same for the three families of\nparametrized double-well potentials. Concerning the statistical mechanics of\nthe system, the associate partition function is mapped onto a spectral problem\nby means of the transfer-integral formalism. The condition that the partition\nfunction can be exactly integrable, is determined by a criterion enabling exact\neigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the transfer-integral operator. Analytical\nexpressions of some of these exact eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are given,\nand the corresponding ground-state wavefunctions are used to compute the\nprobability density which is relevant for calculations of thermodynamic\nquantities such as the correlation functions and the correlation lengths.",
        "positive": "Simulating rare events using a Weighted Ensemble-based string method: We introduce an extension to the Weighted Ensemble (WE) path sampling method\nto restrict sampling to a one dimensional path through a high dimensional phase\nspace. Our method, which is based on the finite-temperature string method,\npermits efficient sampling of both equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems.\nSampling obtained from the WE method guides the adaptive refinement of a\nVoronoi tessellation of order parameter space, whose generating points, upon\nconvergence, coincide with the principle reaction pathway. We demonstrate the\napplication of this method to several simple, two-dimensional models of driven\nBrownian motion and to the conformational change of the nitrogen regulatory\nprotein C receiver domain using an elastic network model. The simplicity of the\ntwo-dimensional models allows us to directly compare the efficiency of the WE\nmethod to conventional brute force simulations and other path sampling\nalgorithms, while the example of protein conformational change demonstrates how\nthe method can be used to efficiently study transitions in the space of many\ncollective variables."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Planar Graphical Models which are Easy: We describe a rich family of binary variables statistical mechanics models on\na given planar graph which are equivalent to Gaussian Grassmann Graphical\nmodels (free fermions) defined on the same graph. Calculation of the partition\nfunction (weighted counting) for such a model is easy (of polynomial\ncomplexity) as reducible to evaluation of a Pfaffian of a matrix of size equal\nto twice the number of edges in the graph. In particular, this approach touches\nupon Holographic Algorithms of Valiant and utilizes the Gauge Transformations\ndiscussed in our previous works.",
        "positive": "Approximation schemes for the dynamics of diluted spin models: the Ising\n  ferromagnet on a Bethe lattice: We discuss analytical approximation schemes for the dynamics of diluted spin\nmodels. The original dynamics of the complete set of degrees of freedom is\nreplaced by a hierarchy of equations including an increasing number of global\nobservables, which can be closed approximately at different levels of the\nhierarchy. We illustrate this method on the simple example of the Ising\nferromagnet on a Bethe lattice, investigating the first three possible\nclosures, which are all exact in the long time limit, and which yield more and\nmore accurate predictions for the finite-time behavior. We also investigate the\ncritical region around the phase transition, and the behavior of two-time\ncorrelation functions. We finally underline the close relationship between this\napproach and the dynamical replica theory under the assumption of replica\nsymmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Amplitude Ratios in the Critical Two-Dimensional Ising Model\n  on a Torus: Using results from conformal field theory, we compute several universal\namplitude ratios for the two-dimensional Ising model at criticality on a\nsymmetric torus. These include the correlation-length ratio x^\\star =\n\\lim_{L\\to\\infty} \\xi(L)/L and the first four magnetization moment ratios\nV_{2n} = <{\\cal M}^{2n}>/<{\\cal M}^2>^n. As a corollary we get the first four\nrenormalized 2n-point coupling constants for the massless theory on a symmetric\ntorus, G_{2n}^*. We confirm these predictions by a high-precision Monte Carlo\nsimulation.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo Renormalization Group for Entanglement Percolation: We use a large cell Monte Carlo Renormalization procedure, to compute the\ncritical exponents of a system of growing linear polymers. We simulate the\ngrowth of non-intersecting chains in large MC cells. Dense regions where chains\nget in each others' way, give rise to connected clusters under coarse graining.\nAt each time step, the fraction of occupied bonds is determined in both the\noriginal and the coarse grained configurations, and averaged over many\nrealizations. Our results for the fractal dimension on three dimensional\nlattices are consistent with the percolation value."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Perturbing cyclic predator-prey systems: how a six-species coarsening\n  system with non-trivial in-domain dynamics responds to sudden changes: Cyclic predator-prey systems have been shown to give rise to rich, and novel,\nspace-time patterns, as for example coarsening domains with non-trivial\nin-domain dynamics. In this work we study numerically the responses of a cyclic\nsix-species model, characterized by the formation of spirals inside coarsening\ndomains, to two different types of perturbations: changing the values of the\npredation and reproduction rates as well as changing the interaction scheme.\nFor both protocols we monitor the time evolution of the system after the onset\nof the perturbation through the measurement of dynamical correlation functions\nand time-dependent densities of empty sites. In this way we gain insights into\nthe complex responses to different perturbations in a system where spirals,\nwhich are due to the formation of cyclic alliances, dominate the dynamics\ninside the coarsening domains.",
        "positive": "Critical Exponents of the Four-State Potts Model: The critical exponents of the four-state Potts model are directly derived\nfrom the exact expressions for the latent heat, the spontaneous magnetization,\nand the correlation length at the transition temperature of the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Identifying the bottom line after a stock market crash: In this empirical paper we show that in the months following a crash there is\na distinct connection between the fall of stock prices and the increase in the\nrange of interest rates for a sample of bonds. This variable, which is often\nreferred to as the interest rate spread variable, can be considered as a\nstatistical measure for the disparity in lenders' opinions about the future; in\nother words, it provides an operational definition of the uncertainty faced by\neconomic agents. The observation that there is a strong negative correlation\nbetween stock prices and the spread variable relies on the examination of 8\nmajor crashes in the United States between 1857 and 1987. That relationship\nwhich has remained valid for one and a half century in spite of important\nchanges in the organization of financial markets can be of interest in the\nperspective of Monte Carlo simulations of stock markets.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic inference in partially accessible Markov networks: A\n  unifying perspective from transition-based waiting time distributions: The inference of thermodynamic quantities from the description of an only\npartially accessible physical system is a central challenge in stochastic\nthermodynamics. A common approach is coarse-graining, which maps the dynamics\nof such a system to a reduced effective one. While coarse-graining states of\nthe system into compound ones is a well studied concept, recent evidence hints\nat a complementary description by considering observable transitions and\nwaiting times. In this work, we consider waiting time distributions between two\nconsecutive transitions of a partially observable Markov network. We formulate\nan entropy estimator using their ratios to quantify irreversibility. Depending\non the complexity of the underlying network, we formulate criteria to infer\nwhether the entropy estimator recovers the full physical entropy production or\nwhether it just provides a lower bound that improves on established results.\nThis conceptual approach, which is based on the irreversibility of underlying\ncycles, additionally enables us to derive estimators for the topology of the\nnetwork, i.e., the presence of a hidden cycle, its number of states and its\ndriving affinity. Adopting an equivalent semi-Markov description, our results\ncan be condensed into a fluctuation theorem for the corresponding semi-Markov\nprocess. This mathematical perspective provides a unifying framework for the\nentropy estimators considered here and established earlier ones. The crucial\nrole of the correct version of time-reversal helps to clarify a recent debate\non the meaning of formal versus physical irreversibility. Extensive numerical\ncalculations based on a direct evaluation of waiting-time distributions\nillustrate our exact results and provide an estimate on the quality of the\nbounds for affinities of hidden cycles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Eigenstate Thermalization and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in the\n  One-Dimensional Transverse-Field Ising Model with Power-Law Interactions: We study eigenstate thermalization and related signatures of quantum chaos in\nthe one-dimensional ferromagnetic transverse-field Ising model with power-law\ninteractions. The presence of long-range interactions allows for a\nfinite-temperature phase transition despite the one-dimensional geometry of the\nmodel. Unlike previous studies of eigenstate thermalization in non-disordered\nsystems with finite temperature phase transitions, our model possesses\nsufficiently many energy eigenstates below the critical energy density to allow\nus to make a definitive statement about the presence of eigenstate\nthermalization and chaotic level statistics in the broken-symmetry phase.",
        "positive": "Multiple timescales in a model for DNA denaturation dynamics: The denaturation dynamics of a long double-stranded DNA is studied by means\nof a model of the Poland-Scheraga type. We note that the linking of the two\nstrands is a locally conserved quantity, hence we introduce local updates that\nrespect this symmetry. Linking dissipation via untwist is allowed only at the\ntwo ends of the double strand. The result is a slow denaturation characterized\nby two time scales that depend on the chain length $L$. In a regime up to a\nfirst characteristic time $\\tau_1\\sim L^{2.15}$ the chain embodies an\nincreasing number of small bubbles. Then, in a second regime, bubbles coalesce\nand form entropic barriers that effectively trap residual double-stranded\nsegments within the chain, slowing down the relaxation to fully molten\nconfigurations, which takes place at $\\tau_2\\sim L^3$. This scenario is\ndifferent from the picture in which the helical constraints are neglected."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wetting and Capillary Condensation in Symmetric Polymer Blends: A\n  comparison between Monte Carlo Simulations and Self-Consistent Field\n  Calculations: We present a quantitative comparison between extensive Monte Carlo\nsimulations and self-consistent field calculations on the phase diagram and\nwetting behavior of a symmetric, binary (AB) polymer blend confined into a\nfilm. The flat walls attract one component via a short range interaction. The\ncritical point of the confined blend is shifted to lower temperatures and\nhigher concentrations of the component with the lower surface free energy. The\nbinodals close the the critical point are flattened compared to the bulk and\nexhibit a convex curvature at intermediate temperatures -- a signature of the\nwetting transition in the semi-infinite system. Investigating the spectrum of\ncapillary fluctuation of the interface bound to the wall, we find evidence for\na position dependence of the interfacial tension. This goes along with a\ndistortion of the interfacial profile from its bulk shape. Using an extended\nensemble in which the monomer-wall interaction is a stochastic variable, we\naccurately measure the difference between the surface energies of the\ncomponents, and determine the location of the wetting transition via the Young\nequation. The Flory-Huggins parameter at which the strong first order wetting\ntransition occurs is independent of chain length and grows quadratically with\nthe integrated wall-monomer interaction strength. We estimate the location of\nthe prewetting line. The prewetting manifests itself in a triple point in the\nphase diagram of very thick films and causes spinodal dewetting of ultrathin\nlayers slightly above the wetting transition. We investigate the early stage of\ndewetting via dynamic Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Critical Casimir amplitudes for $n$-component $\u03c6^4$ models with\n  O(n)-symmetry breaking quadratic boundary terms: Euclidean $n$-component $\\phi^4$ theories whose Hamiltonians are O(n)\nsymmetric except for quadratic symmetry breaking boundary terms are studied in\nfilms of thickness $L$. The boundary terms imply the Robin boundary conditions\n$\\partial_n\\phi_\\alpha =\\mathring{c}^{(j)}_\\alpha \\phi_\\alpha $ at the boundary\nplanes $\\mathfrak{B}_{j=1,2}$ at $z=0$ and $z=L$. Particular attention is paid\nto the cases in which $m_j$ of the $n$ variables $\\mathring{c}^{(j)}_\\alpha$\ntake the special value $\\mathring{c}_{m_j\\text{-sp}}$ corresponding to critical\nenhancement while the remaining ones are subcritically enhanced. Under these\nconditions, the semi-infinite system bounded by $\\mathfrak{B}_j$ has a\nmulticritical point, called $m_j$-special, at which an $O(m_j)$ symmetric\ncritical surface phase coexists with the O(n) symmetric bulk phase, provided\n$d$ is sufficiently large. The $L$-dependent part of the reduced free energy\nper area behaves as $\\Delta_C/L^{d-1}$ as $L\\to\\infty$ at the bulk critical\npoint. The Casimir amplitudes $\\Delta_C$ are determined for small\n$\\epsilon=4-d$ in the general case where $m_{c,c}$ components $\\phi_\\alpha$ are\ncritically enhanced at both boundary planes, $m_{c,D} + m_{D,c}$ components are\nenhanced at one plane but satisfy asymptotic Dirichlet boundary conditions at\nthe respective other, and the remaining $m_{D,D}$ components satisfy asymptotic\nDirichlet boundary conditions at both $\\mathfrak{B}_j$. Whenever $m_{c,c}>0$,\nthese expansions involve integer and fractional powers $\\epsilon^{k/2}$ with\n$k\\ge 3$ (mod logarithms). Results to $O(\\epsilon^{3/2})$ for general values of\n$m_{c,c}$, $m_{c,D}+m_{D,c}$, and $m_{D,D}$ are used to estimate the $\\Delta_C$\nof 3D Heisenberg systems with surface spin anisotropies when $(m_{c,c},\nm_{c,D}+ m_{D,c}) = (1,0)$, $(0,1)$, and $(1,1)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Average Shape of Transport-Limited Aggregates: We study the relation between stochastic and continuous transport-limited\ngrowth models, which generalize conformal-mapping formulations of\ndiffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) and viscous fingering, respectively. We\nderive a nonlinear integro-differential equation for the asymptotic shape\n(average conformal map) of stochastic aggregates, whose mean-field\napproximation is the corresponding continuous equation, where the interface\nmoves at its local expected velocity. Our equation accurately describes\nadvection-diffusion-limited aggregation (ADLA), and, due to nonlinear averaging\nover fluctuations, the average ADLA cluster is similar, but not identical, to\nan exact solution of the mean-field dynamics. Similar results should apply to\nall models in our class, thus explaining the known discrepancies between\naverage DLA clusters and viscous fingers in a channel geometry.",
        "positive": "Interfacial dynamics in transport-limited dissolution: Various model problems of ``transport-limited dissolution'' in two dimensions\nare analyzed using time-dependent conformal maps. For diffusion-limited\ndissolution (reverse Laplacian growth), several exact solutions are discussed\nfor the smoothing of corrugated surfaces, including the continuous analogs of\n``internal diffusion-limited aggregation'' and ``diffusion-limited erosion''. A\nclass of non-Laplacian, transport-limited dissolution processes are also\nconsidered, which raise the general question of when and where a finite solid\nwill disappear. In a case of dissolution by advection-diffusion, a tilted\nellipse maintains its shape during collapse, as its center of mass drifts\nobliquely away from the background fluid flow, but other initial shapes have\nmore complicated dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-dimensional superfluidity of exciton-polaritons requires strong\n  anisotropy: Fluids of exciton-polaritons, excitations of two dimensional quantum wells in\noptical cavities, show collective phenomena akin to Bose condensation. However,\na fundamental difference from standard condensates stems from the finite\nlife-time of these excitations, which necessitate continuous driving to\nmaintain a steady state. A basic question is whether a two dimensional\ncondensate with long range algebraic correlations can exist under these\nnon-equilibrium conditions. Here we show that such driven two-dimensional Bose\nsystems cannot exhibit algebraic superfluid order except in low-symmetry,\nanisotropic systems. Our result implies, in particular, that recent apparent\nevidence for Bose condensation of exciton-polaritons must be an intermediate\nscale crossover phenomenon, while the true long distance correlations fall off\nexponentially. We obtain these results through a mapping of the long-wavelength\ncondensate dynamics onto the anisotropic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation.",
        "positive": "Global disorder transition in the community structure of large-q Potts\n  systems: We examine a global disorder transition when identifying community structure\nin an arbitrary complex network. Earlier, we illustrated [Phil. Mag. 92, 406\n(2012)] that \"community detection\" (CD) generally exhibits disordered (or\nunsolvable) and ordered (solvable) phases of both high and low computational\ncomplexity along with corresponding transitions from regular to chaotic\ndynamics in derived systems. Using an exact generalized dimensional reduction\ninequality, multivariate Tutte polynomials, and other considerations, we\nillustrate how increasing the number of communities q emulates increasing the\nheat bath temperature T for a general weighted Potts model, leading to global\ndisorder in the community structure of arbitrary large graphs. Dimensional\nreduction bounds lead to results similar to those suggested by mean-field type\napproaches. Large systems tend toward global insolvability in the limit of\nlarge q above a crossover temperature $T_\\times\\approx L|J_e|/[N\\ln{} q]$ where\n|J_e| is a typical interaction strength, L is the number of edges, and N is the\nnumber of nodes. For practical system sizes, a solvable phase is generally\naccessible at low T. The global nature of the disorder transition does not\npreclude solutions by local CD algorithms (even those that employ global cost\nfunction parameters) as long as community evaluations are locally determined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of a colloidal suspension in contact with a\n  fluctuating membrane: Surface effects are generally prevailing in confined colloidal systems. Here\nwe report on dispersed nanoparticles close to a fluid membrane. Exact results\nregarding the static organization are derived for a dilute solution of\nnon-adhesive colloids. It is shown that thermal fluctuations of the membrane\nbroaden the density profile, but on average colloids are neither accumulated\nnor depleted near the surface. The radial correlation function is also\nevaluated, from which we obtain the effective pair-potential between colloids.\nThis entropically-driven interaction shares many similarities with the familiar\ndepletion interaction. It is shown to be always attractive with range\ncontrolled by the membrane correlation length. The depth of the potential well\nis comparable to the thermal energy, but depends only indirectly upon membrane\nrigidity. Consequenses for stability of the suspension are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Molecular kinetic analysis of a local equilibrium Carnot cycle: We identify a velocity distribution function of ideal gas particles that is\ncompatible with the local equilibrium assumption and the fundamental\nthermodynamic relation satisfying the endoreversibility. We find that this\ndistribution is a Maxwell--Boltzmann distribution with a spatially uniform\ntemperature and a spatially varying local center-of-mass velocity. We construct\nthe local equilibrium Carnot cycle of an ideal gas, based on this distribution,\nand show that the efficiency of the present cycle is given by the\nendoreversible Carnot efficiency using the molecular kinetic temperatures of\nthe gas. We also obtain an analytic expression of the efficiency at maximum\npower of our cycle under a small temperature difference. Our theory is also\nconfirmed by a molecular dynamics simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modular Gene Dynamics and Network Theory at Mesoscopic Scale: Complex dynamical systems are often modeled as networks, with nodes\nrepresenting dynamical units which interact through the network's links. Gene\nregulatory networks, responsible for the production of proteins inside a cell,\nare an example of system that can be described as a network of interacting\ngenes. The behavior of a complex dynamical system is characterized by\ncooperativity of its units at various scales, leading to emergent dynamics\nwhich is related to the system's function. Among the key problems concerning\ncomplex systems is the issue of stability of their functioning, in relation to\ndifferent internal and external interaction parameters.\n  In this Thesis we study two-dimensional chaotic maps coupled through\nnon-directed networks with different topologies. We use a non-symplectic\ncoupling which involves a time delay in the interaction among the maps. We test\nthe stability of network topologies through investigation of their collective\nmotion, done by analyzing the departures from chaotic nature of the isolated\nunits. The study is done on two network scales: (a) full-size networks (a\ncomputer generated scalefree tree and a tree with addition of cliques); (b)\ntree's characteristic sub-graph 4-star, as a tree's typical dynamical motif\nwhich captures its topology in smallest possible number of nodes and is\nsuitable for time-delayed interaction. We study the dynamical relationship\nbetween these two network structures, examining the emergence of cooperativity\non a large scale (trees) as a consequence of mesoscale dynamical patterns\nexhibited by the 4-star. (FULL ABSTRACT INSIDE THE TEXT)",
        "positive": "Scaling of the entanglement spectrum in driving critical dynamics: We present a scaling theory for the entanglement spectrum under an external\ndriving. Based on the static scaling of the Schmidt gap and the theory of\nfinite-time scaling, we show that the Schmidt gap can signal the critical point\nand be used to estimate the critical exponents no matter in the finite-size\nscaling region or in the finite-time scaling region. Crossover between the two\nregions is also demonstrated. We verify our theory using both the\none-dimensional transverse-field Ising model and the one-dimensional quantum\nPotts model. Our results confirm that the Schmidt gap can be regarded as a\nsupplement to the local order parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary Tensor Renormalization Group: We develop the tensor renormalization group (TRG) algorithm for statistical\nsystems with open boundaries, which allows us to investigate not only the bulk\nbut also the boundary property, such as the surface magnetization. We\ndemonstrate that the tensors representing the boundary in our algorithm exhibit\nthe fixed point structures just as bulk tensors in previous TRG algorithms. At\ncriticality, the scale-invariant boundary fixed point tensors have the\ninformation of the conformal tower, which is described by the underlying\nboundary conformal field theory.",
        "positive": "A bottleneck model for bidirectional transport controlled by\n  fluctuations: We introduce a new model to study the oscillations of opposite flows sharing\na common bottleneck and moving on two Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion\nProcess (TASEP) lanes. We provide a theoretical analysis of the phase diagram,\nvalid when the flow in the bottleneck is dominated by local stationary states.\nIn particular, we predict and find an inhomogeneous high density phase, with a\nstriped spatio-temporal structure. At the same time, our results also show that\nsome other features of the model cannot be explained by the stationarity\nhypothesis and require consideration of the transients in the bottleneck at\neach reversal of the flow. In particular, we show that for short bottlenecks,\nthe capacity of the system is at least as high as for uni-directional flow, in\nspite of having to empty the bottleneck at each reversal - a feature that can\nbe explained only by efficient transients. Looking at more sensitive quantities\nlike the distribution of flipping times, we show that, in most regimes, the\nbottleneck is driven by rare fluctuations and descriptions beyond the\nstationary state are required."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimizations of Multilevel Quantum Heat Engine with N Noninteracting\n  Fermions Based on Lenoir Cycle: We consider optimizations of Lenoir heat engine within a quantum dynamical\nfield consisting of $N$ noninteracting fermions trapped in multilevel infinite\npotential square-well. Fermions play role as working substance of the engine\nwith each particle nested at different level of energy. We optimized this\nquantum heat engine model by analysing the physical parameter and deriving the\noptimum properties of the engine model. The model we investigated consists of\none high-energy heat bath and one low-energy sink bath. Heat leakage occurs\nbetween these two bathes as expected will degenerate the efficiency of quantum\nheat engine model. The degeneration increased as we raised the constant\nparameter of heat leakage. We also obtained loop curves in dimensionless power\nvs. efficiency of the engine, which efficiency is explicitly affected by heat\nleakage, but in contrast for the power output. From the curves, we assured that\nthe efficiency of the engine would go back to zero as we raised compression\nratio of engine with leakage. Lastly, we checked Clausius relations for each\nmodel with various levels of heat leakage. We found that models with leakage\nhave a reversible process on specific compression ratios for each variation of\nheat leakage. Nevertheless, the compression ratio has limitations because of\nthe $\\oint dQ/E>0$ after the reversible point, i.e. violates the Clausius\nrelation.",
        "positive": "Three-leg correlations in the two component spanning tree on the upper\n  half-plane: We present a detailed asymptotic analysis of correlation functions for the\ntwo component spanning tree on the two-dimensional lattice when one component\ncontains three paths connecting vicinities of two fixed lattice sites at large\ndistance $s$ apart. We extend the known result for correlations on the plane to\nthe case of the upper half-plane with closed and open boundary conditions. We\nfound asymptotics of correlations for distance $r$ from the boundary to one of\nthe fixed lattice sites for the cases $r\\gg s \\gg 1$ and $s \\gg r \\gg 1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Compressibility and pressure correlations in isotropic solids and fluids: Presenting simple coarse-grained models of isotropic solids and fluids in\n$d=1$, $2$ and $3$ dimensions we investigate the correlations of the\ninstantaneous pressure and its ideal and excess contributions at either imposed\npressure (NPT-ensemble, $\\lambda=0$) or volume (NVT-ensemble, $\\lambda=1$) and\nfor more general values of the dimensionless parameter $\\lambda$ characterizing\nthe constant-volume constraint.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of an Intruder in Dense Granular Fluids: We investigate the dynamics of an intruder pulled by a constant force in a\ndense two-dimensional granular fluid by means of event-driven molecular\ndynamics simulations. In a first step, we show how a propagating momentum front\ndevelops and compactifies the system when reflected by the boundaries. To be\ncloser to recent experiments \\cite{candelier2010journey,candelier2009creep}, we\nthen add a frictional force acting on each particle, proportional to the\nparticle's velocity. We show how to implement frictional motion in an\nevent-driven simulation. This allows us to carry out extensive numerical\nsimulations aiming at the dependence of the intruder's velocity on packing\nfraction and pulling force. We identify a linear relation for small and a\nnonlinear regime for high pulling forces and investigate the dependence of\nthese regimes on granular temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Integer Partitions and Exclusion Statistics: We provide a combinatorial description of exclusion statistics in terms of\nminimal difference $p$ partitions. We compute the probability distribution of\nthe number of parts in a random minimal $p$ partition. It is shown that the\nbosonic point $ p=0$ is a repulsive fixed point for which the limiting\ndistribution has a Gumbel form. For all positive $p$ the distribution is shown\nto be Gaussian.",
        "positive": "Kinetics of stochastically-gated diffusion-limited reactions and\n  geometry of random walk trajectories: In this paper we study the kinetics of diffusion-limited, pseudo-first-order\nA + B -> B reactions in situations in which the particles' intrinsic\nreactivities vary randomly in time. That is, we suppose that the particles are\nbearing \"gates\" which interchange randomly and independently of each other\nbetween two states - an active state, when the reaction may take place, and a\nblocked state, when the reaction is completly inhibited. We consider four\ndifferent models, such that the A particle can be either mobile or immobile,\ngated or ungated, as well as ungated or gated B particles can be fixed at\nrandom positions or move randomly. All models are formulated on a\n$d$-dimensional regular lattice and we suppose that the mobile species perform\nindependent, homogeneous, discrete-time lattice random walks. The model\ninvolving a single, immobile, ungated target A and a concentration of mobile,\ngated B particles is solved exactly. For the remaining three models we\ndetermine exactly, in form of rigorous lower and upper bounds, the large-N\nasymptotical behavior of the A particle survival probability. We also realize\nthat for all four models studied here such a probalibity can be interpreted as\nthe moment generating function of some functionals of random walk trajectories,\nsuch as, e.g., the number of self-intersections, the number of sites visited\nexactly a given number of times, \"residence time\" on a random array of lattice\nsites and etc. Our results thus apply to the asymptotical behavior of the\ncorresponding generating functions which has not been known as yet."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-isothermal diffusion in interconnected discrete-distributed systems:\n  a variational approach: Motivated by compartmental analysis in engineering and biophysical systems,\nwe present a variational framework for the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of\nsystems involving both distributed and discrete (finite dimensional) subsystems\nby specifically using the ideas of interconnected systems. We focus on the\nprocess of non-isothermal diffusion and show how the resulting form of the\nentropy equation naturally yields phenomenological expressions for the\ndiffusion and entropy fluxes between two compartments, which results in\ngeneralized forms of Robin type interface conditions.",
        "positive": "Quasi-stationary distributions for the Domany-Kinzel stochastic cellular\n  automaton: We construct the {\\it quasi-stationary} (QS) probability distribution for the\nDomany-Kinzel stochastic cellular automaton (DKCA), a discrete-time Markov\nprocess with an absorbing state. QS distributions are derived at both the one-\nand two-site levels. We characterize the distribuitions by their mean, and\nvarious moment ratios, and analyze the lifetime of the QS state, and the\nrelaxation time to attain this state. Of particular interest are the scaling\nproperties of the QS state along the critical line separating the active and\nabsorbing phases. These exhibit a high degree of similarity to the contact\nprocess and the Malthus-Verhulst process (the closest continuous-time analogs\nof the DKCA), which extends to the scaling form of the QS distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A staggered six-vertex model with non-compact continuum limit: The antiferromagnetic critical point of the Potts model on the square lattice\nwas identified by Baxter as a staggered integrable six-vertex model. In this\nwork, we investigate the integrable structure of this model. It enables us to\nderive some new properties, such as the Hamiltonian limit of the model, an\nequivalent vertex model, and the structure resulting from the Z_2 symmetry.\nUsing this material, we discuss the low-energy spectrum, and relate it to\ngeometrical excitations. We also compute the critical exponents by solving the\nBethe equations for a large lattice width N. The results confirm that the\nlow-energy spectrum is a collection of continua with typical exponent gaps of\norder 1/(log N)^2.",
        "positive": "Structure of trajectories of complex matrix eigenvalues in the\n  Hermitian-non-Hermitian transition: The statistical properties of trajectories of eigenvalues of Gaussian complex\nmatrices whose Hermitian condition is progressively broken are investigated. It\nis shown how the ordering on the real axis of the real eigenvalues is reflected\nin the structure of the trajectories and also in the final distribution of the\neigenvalues in the complex plane."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Determination of Nonequilibrium Temperature and Pressure using Clausius\n  Equality in a State with Memory: A Simple Model Calculation: Use of the extended definition of heat dQ=deQ+diQ converts the Clausius\ninequality dS greater than or equal to deQ/T0 into an equality dS=dQ/T\ninvolving the nonequilibrium temperature T of the system having the\nconventional interpretation that heat flows from hot to cold. The equality is\napplied to the exact quantum evolution of a 1-dimensional ideal gas free\nexpansion. In a first ever calculation of its kind in an expansion which\nretains the memory of initial state, we determine the nonequilibrium\ntemperature T and pressure P, which are then compared with the ratio P/T\nobtained by an independent method to show the consistency of the nonequilibrium\nformulation. We find that the quantum evolution by itself cannot eliminate the\nmemory effect.cannot eliminate the memory effect; hence, it cannot thermalize\nthe system.",
        "positive": "Creep-like behavior in athermal threshold dynamics: Effects of disorder\n  and stress: We study the dynamical aspects of a statistical-mechanical model for fracture\nof heterogeneous media: the fiber bundle model with various interaction range.\nAlthough the model does not include any thermal activation process, the system\nexhibits creep-like behaviors under a constant load being slightly above the\ncritical value. These creep-like behaviors comprise three stages: in the\nprimary and tertiary stages, the strain rate exhibits power-law behaviors with\ntime, which are well described by the Omori-Utsu and the inverse Omori laws,\nrespectively, although the exponents are larger than those typically observed\nin experiments. A characteristic time that defines the onset of power-law\nbehavior in the Omori-Utsu law is found to decrease with the strength of\ndisorder in the system. The analytical solution, which agrees with the above\nnumerical results, is obtained for the mean-field limit. Beyond the mean-field\nlimit, the exponent for the Omori-Utsu law tends to be even larger but\ndecreases with the disorder in the system. Increasing the spatial range of\ninteractions, this exponent is found to be independent of disorder and to\nconverge to the mean-field value. In contrast, the inverse Omori law remains\nindependent of the spatial range of interaction and the disorder strength."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum fluctuation theorem for heat exchange in the strong coupling\n  regime: We study quantum heat exchange in a multi-state impurity coupled to two\nthermal reservoirs. Allowing for strong system-bath interactions, we show that\na steady-state heat exchange fluctuation theorem holds, though the dynamical\nprocesses nonlinearly involve the two reservoirs. We accomplish a closed\nexpression for the cumulant generating function, and use it obtain the heat\ncurrent and its cumulants in a nonlinear thermal junction, the two-bath\nspin-boson model.",
        "positive": "Stochastic energetics and thermodynamics at small scales: At very small scales, thermodynamic energy exchanges like work and heat\nbecome comparable to thermal energy of the system, which leads to unusual\nphenomena like the transient violations of Second Law. We explore the generic\ncharacters of such systems using the framework of Stochastic Thermodynamics and\nprovide a preliminary overview of the basic concepts. Here we have attempted to\nput into simple terms some actively pursued topics like the arrow of time,\neffect of information gain on Second Law, explanation of origin of life using\nCrooks theorem and the thermodynamic uncertainty relations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase space flows for non-Hamiltonian systems with constraints: In this paper, non-Hamiltonian systems with holonomic constraints are treated\nby a generalization of Dirac's formalism. Non-Hamiltonian phase space flows can\nbe described by generalized antisymmetric brackets or by general Liouville\noperators which cannot be derived from brackets. Both situations are treated.\nIn the first case, a Nos\\'e-Dirac bracket is introduced as an example. In the\nsecond one, Dirac's recipe for projecting out constrained variables from time\ntranslation operators is generalized and then applied to non-Hamiltonian linear\nresponse. Dirac's formalism avoids spurious terms in the response function of\nconstrained systems. However, corrections coming from phase space measure must\nbe considered for general perturbations.",
        "positive": "Thermal Segregation Beyond Navier-Stokes: A dilute suspension of impurities in a low density gas is described by the\nBoltzmann and Boltzman-Lorentz kinetic theory. Scaling forms for the species\ndistribution functions allow an exact determination of the hydrodynamic fields,\nwithout restriction to small thermal gradients or Navier-Stokes hydrodynamics.\nThe thermal diffusion factor characterizing sedimentation is identified in\nterms of collision integrals as functions of the mechanical properties of the\nparticles and the temperature gradient. An evaluation of the collision\nintegrals using Sonine polynomial approximations is discussed. Conditions for\nsegregation both along and opposite the temperature gradient are found, in\ncontrast to the Navier-Stokes description for which no segregation occurs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional Diffusion Equations for Lattice and Continuum:\n  Grunwald-Letnikov Differences and Derivatives Approach: Fractional diffusion equations for three-dimensional lattice models based on\nfractional-order differences of the Grunwald-Letnikov type are suggested. These\nlattice fractional diffusion equations contain difference operators that\ndescribe long-range jumps from one lattice site to other. In continuum limit,\nthe suggested lattice diffusion equations with non-integer order differences\ngive the diffusion equations with the Grunwald-Letnikov fractional derivatives\nfor continuum. We propose a consistent derivation of the fractional diffusion\nequation with the fractional derivatives of Grunwald-Letnikov type. The\nsuggested lattice diffusion equations can be considered as a new\nmicrostructural basis of space-fractional diffusion in nonlocal media.",
        "positive": "Coefficient of performance under maximum $\u03c7$ criterion in a two-level\n  atomic system as a refrigerator: A two-level atomic system as a working substance is used to set up a\nrefrigerator consisting of two quantum adiabatic and two isochoric processes\n(two constant-frequency processes $\\omega_a$ and $\\omega_b$ with\n$\\omega_a<\\omega_b$), during which the two-level system is in contact with two\nheat reservoirs at temperatures $T_h$ and $T_c (<T_h)$. Considering finite-time\noperation of two isochoric processes, we derive analytical expressions for\ncooling rate $R$ and coefficient of performance (COP) $\\varepsilon$. The COP at\nmaximum $\\chi(= \\varepsilon R)$ figure of merit is numerically determined, and\nit is proved to be in nice agreement with the so-called Curzon and Ahlborn COP\n$\\varepsilon_{CA}=\\sqrt{1+\\varepsilon_C}-1$, where\n$\\varepsilon_C=T_c/(T_h-T_c)$ is the Carnot COP. In the high-temperature limit,\nthe COP at maximum $\\chi$ figure of merit, $\\varepsilon^*$, can be expressed\nanalytically by $\\varepsilon^* = \\varepsilon_+ \\equiv\n(\\sqrt{9+8\\varepsilon_C}-3)/2$, which was derived previously as the upper bound\nof optimal COP for the low-dissipation or minimally nonlinear irreversible\nrefrigerators. Within context of irreversible thermodynamics, we prove that the\nvalue of $\\varepsilon_{+}$ is also the upper bound of COP at maximum $\\chi$\nfigure of merit when we regard our model as a linear irreversible refrigerator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-passage time of Brownian motion with dry friction: We provide an analytic solution to the first-passage time (FPT) problem of a\npiecewise-smooth stochastic model, namely Brownian motion with dry friction,\nusing two different but closely related approaches which are based on\neigenfunction decompositions on the one hand and on the backward Kolmogorov\nequation on the other. For the simple case containing only dry friction, a\nphase transition phenomenon in the spectrum is found which relates to the\nposition of the exit point, and which affects the tail of the FPT distribution.\nFor the model containing as well a driving force and viscous friction the\nimpact of the corresponding stick-slip transition and of the transition to\nballistic exit is evaluated quantitatively. The proposed model is one of the\nvery few cases where FPT properties are accessible by analytical means.",
        "positive": "Mean-value identities as an opportunity for Monte Carlo error reduction: In the Monte Carlo simulation of both Lattice field-theories and of models of\nStatistical Mechanics, identities verified by exact mean-values such as\nSchwinger-Dyson equations, Guerra relations, Callen identities, etc., provide\nwell known and sensitive tests of thermalization bias as well as checks of\npseudo random number generators. We point out that they can be further\nexploited as \"control variates\" to reduce statistical errors. The strategy is\ngeneral, very simple, and almost costless in CPU time. The method is\ndemonstrated in the two dimensional Ising model at criticality, where the CPU\ngain factor lies between 2 and 4."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamically stable multiply quantized vortices in dilute Bose-Einstein\n  condensates: Multiquantum vortices in dilute atomic Bose-Einstein condensates confined in\nlong cigar-shaped traps are known to be both energetically and dynamically\nunstable. They tend to split into single-quantum vortices even in the ultralow\ntemperature limit with vanishingly weak dissipation, which has also been\nconfirmed in the recent experiments [Y. Shin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93,\n160406 (2004)] utilizing the so-called topological phase engineering method to\ncreate multiquantum vortices. We study the stability properties of multiquantum\nvortices in different trap geometries by solving the Bogoliubov excitation\nspectra for such states. We find that there are regions in the trap asymmetry\nand condensate interaction strength plane in which the splitting instability of\nmultiquantum vortices is suppressed, and hence they are dynamically stable. For\nexample, the doubly quantized vortex can be made dynamically stable even in\nspherical traps within a wide range of interaction strength values. We expect\nthat this suppression of vortex-splitting instability can be experimentally\nverified.",
        "positive": "Thermal flux of quasiparticles and the transition between two regimes of\n  turbulence in He3-B: We compute the Andreev reflection coefficient of a flux of thermal\nquasiparticles in He3-B incident upon various two-dimensional vortex\nconfigurations. We find that, for the same number of positive and negative\nvortex points, the reflection coefficient is much reduced if the points are\narranged in pairs (which corresponds to a gas of vortex rings in\nthree-dimensions) rather than random (which corresponds to a vortex tangle in\nthree-dimensions). This results is consistent with measurements performed by\nBradley et al. at the University of Lancaster."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin models in three dimensions: Adaptive lattice spacing: Aiming at the study of critical phenomena in the presence of boundaries with\na non-trivial shape we discuss how lattices with an adaptive lattice spacing\ncan be implemented. Since the parameters of the Hamiltonian transform\nnon-trivially under changes of the length-scale, adapting the lattice spacing\nis much more difficult than in the case of the numerical solution of partial\ndifferential equations, where this method is common practice. Here we shall\nfocus on the universality class of the three-dimensional Ising model. Our\nstarting point is the improved Blume-Capel model on the simple cubic lattice.\nIn our approach, the system is composed of sectors with lattice spacing a, 2 a,\n4 a, ... . We work out how parts of the lattice with lattice spacing a and 2 a,\nrespectively, can be coupled in a consistent way. Here, we restrict ourself to\nthe case, where the boundary between the sectors is perpendicular to one of the\nlattice-axis. Based on the theory of defect planes one expects that it is\nsufficient to tune the coupling between these two regions. To this end we\nperform a finite size scaling study. However first numerical results show that\nslowly decaying corrections remain. It turns out that these corrections can be\nremoved by adjusting the strength of the couplings within the boundary layers.\nAs benchmark, we simulate films with strongly symmetry breaking boundary\nconditions. We determine the magnetization profile and the thermodynamic\nCasimir force. For our largest thickness L_0=64.5, we find that results\nobtained for the homogeneous system are nicely reproduced.",
        "positive": "Wetting Transition in the Two-Dimensional Blume-Capel Model: A Monte\n  Carlo study: The wetting transition of the Blume-Capel model is studied by a finite-size\nscaling analysis of $L \\times M$ lattices where competing boundary fields $\\pm\nH_1$ act on the first row or last row of the $L$ rows in the strip,\nrespectively. We show that using the appropriate anisotropic version of finite\nsize scaling, critical wetting in $d=2$ is equivalent to a \"bulk\" critical\nphenomenon with exponents $\\alpha =-1$, $\\beta =0$, and $\\gamma=3$. These\nconcepts are also verified for the Ising model. For the Blume-Capel model it is\nfound that the field strength $H_{1c} (T)$ where critical wetting occurs goes\nto zero when the bulk second-order transition is approached, while $H_{1c}(T)$\nstays nonzero in the region where in the bulk a first-order transition from the\nordered phase, with nonzero spontaneous magnetization, to the disordered phase\noccurs. Interfaces between coexisting phases then show interfacial enrichment\nof a layer of the disordered phase which exhibits in the second order case a\nfinite thickness only. A tentative discussion of the scaling behavior of the\nwetting phase diagram near the tricritical point also is given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized van der Waals theory of liquid-liquid phase transitions: In the framework of the thermodynamic perturbation theory for fluids we study\nhow the phase diagram of an isotropic repulsive soft-core attractive potential,\nwhere a liquid-liquid phase transition exists in addition to the standard\ngas-liquid phase transition, changes by varying the parameters of the\npotential. We show that existence of the liquid-liquid transition is determined\nby the interplay of the parameters of the potential and the structure of a\nreference liquid.",
        "positive": "Damage Growth in Random Fuse Networks: The correlations among elements that break in random fuse network fracture\nare studied, for disorder strong enough to allow for volume damage before final\nfailure. The growth of microfractures is found to be uncorrelated above a\nlengthscale, that increases as the the final breakdown is approached. Since the\nfuse network strength decreases with sample size, asymptotically the process\nresembles more and more mean-field-like (``democratic fiber bundle'') fracture.\nThis is found from the microscopic dynamics of avalanches or microfractures,\nfrom a study of damage localization via entropy, and from the final damage\nprofile. In particular, the last one is statistically constant, except exactly\nat the final crack zone (in contrast to recent results by Hansen et al., Phys.\nRev. Lett. 90, 045504 (2003)), in spite of the fact that the fracture surfaces\nare self-affine."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complexity Bounds on Quantum Search Algorithms in finite-dimensional\n  Networks: We establish a lower bound concerning the computational complexity of\nGrover's algorithms on fractal networks. This bound provides general\npredictions for the quantum advantage gained for searching unstructured lists.\nIt yields a fundamental criterion, derived from quantum transport properties,\nfor the improvement a quantum search algorithm achieves over the corresponding\nclassical search in a network based solely on its spectral dimension, $d_{s}$.\nOur analysis employs recent advances in the interpretation of the venerable\nreal-space renormalization group (RG) as applied to quantum walks. It clarifies\nthe competition between Grover's abstract algorithm, i.e., a rotation in\nHilbert space, and quantum transport in an actual geometry. The latter is\ncharacterized in terms of the quantum walk dimension $d_{w}^{Q}$ and the\nspatial (fractal) dimension $d_{f}$ that is summarized simply by the spectral\ndimension of the network. The analysis simultaneously determines the optimal\ntime for a quantum measurement and the probability for successfully\npin-pointing a marked element in the network. The RG further encompasses an\noptimization scheme devised by Tulsi that allows to tune this probability to\ncertainty, leaving quantum transport as the only limiting process. It considers\nentire families of problems to be studied, thereby establishing large\nuniversality classes for quantum search, which we verify with extensive\nsimulations. The methods we develop could point the way towards systematic\nstudies of universality classes in computational complexity to enable\nmodification and control of search behavior.",
        "positive": "Interfacial profiles between coexisting phases in thin films: Cahn\n  Hilliard treatment versus capillary waves: We consider an interface between two demixed A and B phases, confined in a\nthin film between two antisymmetric walls, one of which prefers A and the other\nB. Above the wetting transition, the interface is stabilized in the center of\nthe film. Based on a suitable extension of the Cahn-Hilliard gradient-square\ntheory in combination with the capillary wave theory, we argue that the\nconfinement influences the interfacial structure in two ways: It squeezes the\nintrinsic structure and cuts off the capillary wave spectrum. As a result, the\ninterfacial width is proportional to the film thickness D in very thin films,\nand proportional to the square root of D in thicker films. These effects are\nthen discussed in detail for the special case of an interface between demixed\nhomopolymer phases. The width of the intrinsic profile is calculated\nanalytically as a function of film thickness in the Cahn-Hilliard approximation\n(weak segregation limit) and in the Helfand theory (strong segregation limit),\nand numerically in the self-consistent field approximation. The results are\nconfirmed by Monte Carlo simulations of a lattice model for a polymer mixture."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nucleation in the Ising ferromagnet by a field spatially spreading in\n  time: The nucleation in Ising ferromagnet has been studied by Monte Carlo\nsimulation. Here, the magnetic field is spreading over the space in time. The\nnucleation time is observed to increase as compared to that in the case of\nstatic field. The clusters of negative spins is observed to grow from the\ncenter. The growth of effective magnetisation is studied with temperature and\nthe strength of spreading magnetic field. The ratio of nucleation time and\neffective time is also studied with strength of spreading magnetic field. The\neffective time would introduce itself as a new scale of time in the case of\nnucleation by spatially spreading magnetic field. The effective time and the\nnucleation time both are observed to decrease as a power law fashion with the\nrate factor of spreading magnetic field.",
        "positive": "Asymmetric Thermal Relaxation in Driven Systems: Rotations go Opposite\n  Ways: It was predicted and recently experimentally confirmed that systems with\nmicroscopically reversible dynamics in locally quadratic potentials warm up\nfaster than they cool down. This thermal relaxation asymmetry challenged the\nlocal-equilibrium paradigm valid near equilibrium. Because the intuition and\nproof hinged on the dynamics obeying detailed balance, it was not clear whether\nthe asymmetry persists in systems with irreversible dynamics. To fill this gap,\nwe here prove the relaxation asymmetry for systems driven out of equilibrium by\na general linear drift. The asymmetry persists due to a non-trivial isomorphism\nbetween driven and reversible processes. Moreover, rotational motions emerge\nthat, strikingly, occur in opposite directions during heating and cooling. This\nhighlights that noisy systems do not relax by passing through local equilibria."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fast dynamics and high effective dimensionality of liquid fluidity: Fluidity, the ability of liquids to flow, is the key property distinguishing\nliquids from solids. This fluidity is set by the mobile transit atoms moving\nfrom one quasi-equilibrium point to the next. The nature of this transit motion\nis unknown. Here, we show that flow-enabling transits form a dynamically\ndistinct sub-ensemble where atoms move on average faster than the overall\nsystem, with a manifestly non-Maxwellian velocity distribution. This is in\ncontrast to solids and gases where no distinction of different ensembles can be\nmade and where the distribution is always Maxwellian. The non-Maxwellian\ndistribution is described by an exponent $\\alpha$ corresponding to high\ndimensionality of space. This is generally similar to extra synthetic\ndimensions in topological quantum matter, albeit higher dimensionality in\nliquids is not integer but is fractional. The dimensionality is close to 4 at\nmelting and exceeds 4 at high temperature. $\\alpha$ has a maximum as a function\nof temperature and pressure in liquid and supercritical states, returning to\nits Maxwell value in the solid and gas states.",
        "positive": "Superstatistics, thermodynamics, and fluctuations: A thermodynamic-like formalism is developed for superstatistical systems\nbased on conditional entropies. This theory takes into account large-scale\nvariations of intensive variables of systems in nonequilibrium stationary\nstates. Ordinary thermodynamics is recovered as a special case of the present\ntheory, and corrections to it can be systematically evaluated. A generalization\nof Einstein's relation for fluctuations is presented using a maximum entropy\ncondition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo simulation of the effects of higher order anisotropy on the\n  spin reorientation transition in the two dimensional Heisenberg model with\n  long range interactions: The strength of perpendicular anisotropy is known to drive the spin\nreorientation in thin magnetic films. Here we consider the effect different\norder anisotropies have on two phase transitions; the spin reorientation\ntransition and the orientational order transition. We find that the relative\nmagnitude of different order anisotropies can significantly enhance or suppress\nthe degree to which the system reorients. Specifically Monte Carlo simulations\nreveal significant changes in the cone angle and planar magnetization. In order\nto facilitate rapid computation we have developed a stream processing\ntechnique, suitable for use on GPU systems, for computing the transition\nprobabilities in two dimensional systems with dipole interactions.",
        "positive": "Self-similar Approximants of the Permeability in Heterogeneous Porous\n  Media from Moment Equation Expansions: We use a mathematical technique, the self-similar functional renormalization,\nto construct formulas for the average conductivity that apply for large\nheterogeneity, based on perturbative expansions in powers of a small parameter,\nusually the log-variance $\\sigma_Y^2$ of the local conductivity. Using\nperturbation expansions up to third order and fourth order in $\\sigma_Y^2$\nobtained from the moment equation approach, we construct the general functional\ndependence of the transport variables in the regime where $\\sigma_Y^2$ is of\norder 1 and larger than 1. Comparison with available numerical simulations give\nencouraging results and show that the proposed method provides significant\nimprovements over available expansions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stationary Metastability in an Exact Non-Mean Field Calculation for a\n  Model without Long-Range Interactions: We introduce the concept of stationary metastable states (SMS's) in the\npresence of another more stable state. The stationary nature allows us to study\nSMS's by using a restricted partition function formalism as advocated by\nPenrose and Lebowitz and requires continuing the free energy. The formalism\nensures that SMS free energy satisfies the requirement of thermodynamic\nstability everywhere including T=0, but need not represent a pysically\nobservable metastable state over the range where the entropy under continuation\nbecomes negative. We consider a 1-dimensional m-component axis-spin model\ninvolving only nearest-neighbor interactions, which is solved exactly. The\nhigh-temperature expansion of the model representys a polymer problem in which\nm acts as the activity of a loop formation. We follow deGennes and trerat m as\na real variable. A thermodynamic phase transition occurs in the model for m<1.\nThe analytic continuation of the high-temperature disordered phase free energy\nbelow the transition represents the free energy of the metastable state. The\ncalculation shows that the notion of SMS is not necessaily a consequence of\nonly mean-field analysis or requires long-range interactions.",
        "positive": "Sensitivity to initial conditions at bifurcations in one-dimensional\n  nonlinear maps: rigorous nonextensive solutions: Using the Feigenbaum renormalization group (RG) transformation we work out\nexactly the dynamics and the sensitivity to initial conditions for unimodal\nmaps of nonlinearity $\\zeta >1$ at both their pitchfork and tangent\nbifurcations. These functions have the form of $q$-exponentials as proposed in\nTsallis' generalization of statistical mechanics. We determine the $q$-indices\nthat characterize these universality classes and perform for the first time the\ncalculation of the $q$-generalized Lyapunov coefficient $\\lambda_{q} $. The\npitchfork and the left-hand side of the tangent bifurcations display weak\ninsensitivity to initial conditions, while the right-hand side of the tangent\nbifurcations presents a `super-strong' (faster than exponential) sensitivity to\ninitial conditions. We corroborate our analytical results with {\\em a priori}\nnumerical calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Normal and Lateral Casimir Forces between Deformed Plates: The Casimir force between macroscopic bodies depends strongly on their shape\nand orientation. To study this geometry dependence in the case of two deformed\nmetal plates, we use a path integral quantization of the electromagnetic field\nwhich properly treats the many-body nature of the interaction, going beyond the\ncommonly used pairwise summation (PWS) of van der Waals forces. For arbitrary\ndeformations we provide an analytical result for the deformation induced change\nin Casimir energy, which is exact to second order in the deformation amplitude.\nFor the specific case of sinusoidally corrugated plates, we calculate both the\nnormal and the lateral Casimir forces. The deformation induced change in the\nCasimir interaction of a flat and a corrugated plate shows an interesting\ncrossover as a function of the ratio of the mean platedistance H to the\ncorrugation length \\lambda: For \\lambda \\ll H we find a slower decay \\sim\nH^{-4}, compared to the H^{-5} behavior predicted by PWS which we show to be\nvalid only for \\lambda \\gg H. The amplitude of the lateral force between two\ncorrugated plates which are out of registry is shown to have a maximum at an\noptimal wavelength of \\lambda \\approx 2.5 H. With increasing H/\\lambda \\gtrsim\n0.3 the PWS approach becomes a progressively worse description of the lateral\nforce due to many-body effects. These results may be of relevance for the\ndesign and operation of novel microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other\nnanoscale devices.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in a system of hard $Y$-shaped particles on the\n  triangular lattice: We study the different phases and the phase transitions in a system of\n$Y$-shaped particles, examples of which include Immunoglobulin-G and\ntrinaphthylene molecules, on a triangular lattice interacting exclusively\nthrough excluded volume interactions. Each particle consists of a central site\nand three of its six nearest neighbours chosen alternately, such that there are\ntwo types of particles which are mirror images of each other. We study the\nequilibrium properties of the system using grand canonical Monte Carlo\nsimulations that implements an algorithm with cluster moves that is able to\nequilibrate the system at densities close to full packing. We show that, with\nincreasing density, the system undergoes two entropy-driven phase transitions\nwith two broken-symmetry phases. At low densities, the system is in a\ndisordered phase. As intermediate phases, there is a solid-like sublattice\nphase in which one type of particle is preferred over the other and the\nparticles preferentially occupy one of four sublattices, thus breaking both\nparticle-symmetry as well as translational invariance. At even higher\ndensities, the phase is a columnar phase, where the particle-symmetry is\nrestored, and the particles preferentially occupy even or odd rows along one of\nthe three directions. This phase has translational order in only one direction,\nand breaks rotational invariance. From finite size scaling, we demonstrate that\nboth the transitions are first order in nature. We also show that the simpler\nsystem with only one type of particles undergoes a single discontinuous phase\ntransition from a disordered phase to a solid-like sublattice phase with\nincreasing density of particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal routing on complex networks: We present a novel heuristic algorithm for routing optimization on complex\nnetworks. Previously proposed routing optimization algorithms aim at avoiding\nor reducing link overload. Our algorithm balances traffic on a network by\nminimizing the maximum node betweenness with as little path lengthening as\npossible, thus being useful in cases when networks are jamming due to queuing\noverload. By using the resulting routing table, a network can sustain\nsignificantly higher traffic without jamming than in the case of traditional\nshortest path routing.",
        "positive": "Spin-phase interference, coherent superposition, and quantum tunneling\n  at excited levels in nano-antiferromagnets: The spin-phase interference effects are studied analytically in resonant\nquantum tunneling of the N\\'{e}el vector between degenerate excited levels in\nnanometer-scale single-domain antiferromagnets in the absence of an external\nmagnetic field. We consider a model for mesoscopic antiferromagnets with\nuncompensated excess spins for the more general structure of magnetic\nanisotropy, such as biaxial, trigonal, tetragonal and hexagonal crystal\nsymmetry. This study provides a nontrivial generalization of the Kramers\ndegeneracy for double-well system to coherently spin tunneling at ground states\nas well as low-lying excited states in AFM system with $m$-fold rotational\nsymmetry around the $\\hat{z}$ axis. The energy level spectrum and the\nthermodynamic properties of magnetic tunneling states are found to depend\nsignificantly on the parity of the excess spins at sufficiently low\ntemperatures. Possible relevance to experiments is also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Supplementary Information to the paper ``Breakdown of the adiabatic\n  limit in low dimensional gapless systems'': Here we give detailed derivations and provide additional examples to the main\npaper: arXiv:0706.0212. In particular, we discuss the scaling behavior of\nobservables like correlation functions and density of excitations. We also\nanalyze effects of nonintegrability of the Bose-Hubbard model on the long-time\ndynamics of the correlation functions. In addition we explicitly consider\nseveral interacting models, where we are able to analyze slow dynamics and\nclassify it according to the regimes suggested in the main paper.",
        "positive": "Bose-Fermi Mixtures Near an Interspecies Feshbach Resonance: Testing a\n  Non Equilibrium Approach: We test a non equilibrium approach to study the behavior of a Bose-Fermi\nmixture of alkali atoms in the presence of a Feshbach resonance between bosons\nand fermions. To this end we derive the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) equations\nof motion for, the interacting system. This approach has proven very successful\nin the study of resonant systems composed of Bose particles and Fermi\nparticles. However, when applied to a Bose-Fermi mixture, the HFB theory fails\nto identify even the correct binding energy of molecules in the appropriate\nlimit. Through a more rigorous analysis we are able to ascribe this difference\nto the peculiar role that bosonic depletion plays in the Bose-Fermi pair\ncorrelation, which is the mechanism through which molecules are formed. We\ntherefore conclude that molecular formation in Bose-Fermi mixtures is driven by\nthree point and higher order correlations in the gas, unlike any other resonant\nsystem studied in the context of ultra-cold atomic physics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A minimal model of dynamical phase transition: We calculate the large deviation functions characterizing the long-time\nfluctuations of the occupation of drifted Brownian motion and show that these\nfunctions have non-analytic points. This provides the first example of\ndynamical phase transition that appears in a simple, homogeneous Markov process\nwithout an additional low-noise, large-volume or hydrodynamic scaling limit.",
        "positive": "Magnetic signatures of quantum critical points of the ferrimagnetic\n  mixed spin-(1/2, S) Heisenberg chains at finite temperatures: Magnetic properties of the ferrimagnetic mixed spin-(1/2,S) Heisenberg chains\nare examined using quantum Monte Carlo simulations for two different quantum\nspin numbers S = 1 and 3/2. The calculated magnetization curves at finite\ntemperatures are confronted with zero-temperature magnetization data obtained\nwithin density-matrix renormalization group method, which imply an existence of\ntwo quantum critical points determining a breakdown of the gapped Lieb-Mattis\nferrimagnetic phase and Tomonaga-Luttinger spin-liquid phase, respectively.\nWhile a square-root behavior of the magnetization accompanying each quantum\ncritical point is gradually smoothed upon rising temperature, the\nsusceptibility and isothermal entropy change data provide a stronger evidence\nof the quantum critical points at finite temperatures through marked local\nmaxima and minima, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two universality classes for the displacive phase transitions in\n  perovskites: Perovskites like LaAlO3, (or SrTiO3) undergo displacive structural phase\ntransitions from a cubic crystal to a trigonal (or tertagonal) structure. For\nmany years, the critical exponents in both these types of transitions have been\nfitted to those of the isotropic three-commponents Heisenberg model. Recent\nfield theoretical accurate calculations showed that this is wrong: the\nisotropic fixed point of the renormalization group (RG) is unstable, and RG\niterations flow either to a `cubic' fixed point or to a fluctuation-driven\nfirst-order transition. These distinct flows correspond to two distinct\nuniversality classes, identified by the symmetry of the ordered structures\nbelow the transitions. Here we show that perovskites which become trigonal or\ntetragonal belong to these two universality classes, respectively. The close\nvicinity of the isotropic and cubic fixed points explains the apparent wrong\nobservations of a single universality class, but also implies the existence of\nslowly varying effective material-dependent exponents. For the tetragonal case,\nthese effective exponents can have the `isotropic' values before crossing to\nthe first-order transition. We propose dedicated experiments to test these\npredictions. We also expect a similar splitting of the universality classes in\nany situation in which two (or more) fixed points compete for stability.",
        "positive": "Long time behavior of quasi-stationary states of the Hamiltonian\n  Mean-Field model: The Hamiltonian Mean-Field model has been investigated, since its\nintroduction about a decade ago, to study the equilibrium and dynamical\nproperties of long-range interacting systems. Here we study the long-time\nbehavior of long-lived, out-of-equilibrium, quasi-stationary dynamical states,\nwhose lifetime diverges in the thermodynamic limit. The nature of these states\nhas been the object of a lively debate, in the recent past. We introduce a new\nnumerical tool, based on the fluctuations of the phase of the instantaneous\nmagnetization of the system. Using this tool, we study the quasi-stationary\nstates that arise when the system is started from different classes of initial\nconditions, showing that the new observable can be exploited to compute the\nlifetime of these states. We also show that quasi-stationary states are present\nnot only below, but also above the critical temperature of the second order\nmagnetic phase transition of the model. We find that at supercritical\ntemperatures the lifetime is much larger than at subcritical temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Scaling of Optimal Current Distribution in Transportation\n  Networks: Transportation networks are inevitably selected with reference to their\nglobal cost which depends on the strengths and the distribution of the embedded\ncurrents. We prove that optimal current distributions for a uniformly injected\nd-dimensional network exhibit robust scale-invariance properties, independently\nof the particular cost function considered, as long as it is convex. We find\nthat, in the limit of large currents, the distribution decays as a power law\nwith an exponent equal to (2d-1)/(d-1). The current distribution can be exactly\ncalculated in d=2 for all values of the current. Numerical simulations further\nsuggest that the scaling properties remain unchanged for both random injections\nand by randomizing the convex cost functions.",
        "positive": "Signatures of quantum phase transitions after quenches in quantum\n  chaotic one-dimensional systems: Quantum phase transitions are central to our understanding of why matter at\nvery low temperatures can exhibit starkly different properties upon small\nchanges of microscopic parameters. Accurately locating those transitions is\nchallenging experimentally and theoretically. Here we show that the antithetic\nstrategy of forcing systems out of equilibrium via sudden quenches provides a\nroute to locate quantum phase transitions. Specifically, we show that such\ntransitions imprint distinctive features in the intermediate-time dynamics, and\nresults after equilibration, of local observables in quantum-chaotic spin\nchains. Furthermore, we show that the effective temperature in the expected\nthermal-like states after equilibration can exhibit minima in the vicinity of\nthe quantum critical points. We discuss how to test our results in experiments\nwith Rydberg atoms, and explore nonequilibrium signatures of quantum critical\npoints in models with topological transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic glass transition: Kinetic lattice-gas models display fragile glass behavior, in spite of their\ntrivial Gibbs-Boltzmann measure. This suggests that the nature of glass\ntransition might be, at least in some cases, understood in purely kinetic or\ndynamical terms.",
        "positive": "Effects of a dissipative coupling to the momentum of a particle in a\n  double well potential: Double well potentials offer the possibility of coherent state preparation\nand therefore constitute important building blocks in the analysis of quantum\ninformation and quantum engineering devices. Here we present a study of the\ncoherent tunneling in a parabolic double well potential in presence of\ndifferent dissipative interactions. Specifically, we investigate the effects of\nan environmental coupling to the momentum and/or to the position of a particle\nin the potential. Using the semiclassical approximation to calculate instanton\npaths in Euclidean time, we find that momentum dissipation enhances the\ncoherent tunnel splitting. In presence of both types of dissipation, the\nmomentum dissipation shifts the critical coupling strength of the dissipative\nphase transition induced by the position dissipation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Intersections of moving fractal sets: Intersection of a random fractal or self-affine set with a linear manifold or\nanother fractal set is studied, assuming that one of the sets is in a\ntranslational motion with respect to the other. It is shown that the mass of\nsuch an intersection is a self-affine function of the relative position of the\ntwo sets. The corresponding Hurst exponent h is a function of the scaling\nexponents of the intersecting sets. A generic expression for h is provided, and\nits proof is offered for two cases --- intersection of a self-affine curve with\na line, and of two fractal sets. The analytical results are tested using\nMonte-Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "The spherical 2+p spin glass model: an analytically solvable model with\n  a glass-to-glass transition: We present the detailed analysis of the spherical s+p spin glass model with\ntwo competing interactions: among p spins and among s spins. The most\ninteresting case is the 2+p model with p > 3 for which a very rich phase\ndiagram occurs, including, next to the paramagnetic and the glassy phase\nrepresented by the one step replica symmetry breaking ansatz typical of the\nspherical p-spin model, other two amorphous phases. Transitions between two\ncontiguous phases can also be of different kind. The model can thus serve as\nmean-field representation of amorphous-amorphous transitions (or transitions\nbetween undercooled liquids of different structure). The model is analytically\nsolvable everywhere in the phase space, even in the limit where the infinite\nreplica symmetry breaking ansatz is required to yield a thermodynamically\nstable phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise-induced quantum transport: We analyze the problem of directed quantum transport induced by external\nexponentially correlated telegraphic noise. In addition to quantum nature of\nthe heat bath, nonlinearity of the periodic system potential brings in quantum\ncontribution. We observe that quantization, in general, enhances classical\ncurrent at low temperature, while the differences become insignificant at\nhigher temperature. Interplay of quantum diffusion and quantum correction to\nsystem potential is analyzed for various ranges of temperature, correlation\ntime and strength of external noise and asymmetry parameters. A possible\nexperimental realization of the observed quantum effects in a superionic\nconductor placed in a random asymmetric dichotomous electric field has been\nsuggested.",
        "positive": "Driven Soft Matter: Entropy Production and the Fluctuation-Dissipation\n  Theorem: Entropy and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem are at the heart of\nstatistical mechanics near equilibrium. Driving a system beyond the linear\nresponse regime leads to (i) the breakdown of the fluctuation-dissipation\ntheorem and (ii) a nonzero entropy production rate. We show how both phenomena\nare related using the general framework of stochastic thermodynamics suitable\nfor soft matter systems governed by stochastic dynamics and driven through\nnonconservative forces or external flows. In particular, the excess of the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem in a nonequilibrium steady state compared to\nequilibrium is related to total entropy production. Alternative recent\nderivations of generalized fluctuation-dissipation theorems are sketched and\nrelated to each other. The theory is illustrated for two systems: a driven\nsingle colloidal particle and systems driven through simple shear flow."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Charge ordering induces a smectic phase in oblate ionic liquid crystals: We report a computer simulation study of an electroneutral mixture of\noppositely charged oblate ellipsoids of revolution with aspect ratio A = 1/3.\nIn contrast to hard or soft repulsive ellipsoids, which are purely nematic,\nthis system exhibits a smectic-A phase in which charges of equal sign are\ncounterintuitively packed in layers perpendicular to the nematic director.",
        "positive": "Computation of free energy differences through nonequilibrium stochastic\n  dynamics: the reaction coordinate case: The computation of free energy differences through an exponential weighting\nof out of equilibrium paths (known as the Jarzynski equality) is often used for\ntransitions between states described by an external parameter $\\lambda$ in the\nHamiltonian. We present here an extension to transitions between states defined\nby different values of some reaction coordinate, using a projected Brownian\ndynamics. In contrast with other approaches, we use a projection rather than a\nconstraining potential to let the constraints associated with the reaction\ncoordinate evolve. We show how to use the Lagrange multipliers associated with\nthese constraints to compute the work associated with a given trajectory.\nAppropriate discretizations are proposed. Some numerical results demonstrate\nthe applicability of the method for the computation of free energy difference\nprofiles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Key role of asymmetric interactions in low-dimensional heat transport: We study the heat current autocorrelation function (HCAF) in one-dimensional,\nmomentum-conserving lattices. In particular, we explore if there is any\nrelation between the decaying characteristics of the HCAF and asymmetric\ninterparticle interactions. The Lennard-Jones model is intensively investigated\nin view of its significance to applications. It is found that in wide ranges of\nparameters, the HCAF decays faster than power-law manners, and in some cases it\ndecays even exponentially. Following the Green-Kubo formula, the fast decay of\nHCAF implies the convergence of heat conductivity, which is also corroborated\nby numerical simulations. In addition, with a comparison to the\nFermi-Pasta-Ulam-$\\beta$ model of symmetric interaction, the HCAF of the\nFermi-Pasta-Ulam-$\\alpha$-$\\beta$ model of asymmetric interaction is also\ninvestigated. Our study suggests that, in certain ranges of parameters, the\ndecaying behavior of the HCAF is correlated to the asymmetry degree of\ninteraction.",
        "positive": "Optimized Verlet-like algorithms for molecular dynamics simulations: New explicit velocity- and position-Verlet-like algorithms of the second\norder are proposed to integrate the equations of motion in many-body systems.\nThe algorithms are derived on the basis of an extended decomposition scheme at\nthe presence of a free parameter. The nonzero value for this parameter is\nobtained by reducing the influence of truncated terms to a minimum. As a\nresult, the new algorithms appear to be more efficient than the original Verlet\nversions which correspond to a particular case when the introduced parameter is\nequal to zero. Like the original versions, the proposed counterparts are\nsymplectic and time reversible, but lead to an improved accuracy in the\ngenerated solutions at the same overall computational costs. The advantages of\nthe new algorithms are demonstrated in molecular dynamics simulations of a\nLennard-Jones fluid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simpler Variational Problem for Statistical Equilibria of the 2D Euler\n  Equation and Other Systems with Long Range Interactions: The Robert-Sommeria-Miller equilibrium statistical mechanics predicts the\nfinal organization of two dimensional flows. This powerful theory is difficult\nto handle practically, due to the complexity associated with an infinite number\nof constraints. Several alternative simpler variational problems, based on\nCasimir's or stream function functionals, have been considered recently. We\nestablish the relations between all these variational problems, justifying the\nuse of simpler formulations.",
        "positive": "Coupled three-state oscillators: We investigate globally coupled stochastic three-state oscillators, which we\nconsider as general models of stochastic excitable systems. We compare two\nsituations:in the first case the transitions between the three states of each\nunit 1->2->3->1 are determined by Poissonian waiting time distributions. In the\nsecond case only transition 1->2 is Poissonian whereas the others are\ndeterministic with a fixed delay. When coupled the second system shows coherent\noscillations whereas the first remains in a stable stationary state. We show\nthat the coherent oscillations are due to a Hopf-bifurcation in the dynamics of\nthe occupation probabilities of the discrete states and discuss the bifurcation\ndiagram."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of ultracold trapped gases. Generalized mechanical\n  variables, equation of state and heat capacity: The thermodynamics framework of an interacting quantum gas trapped by an\narbitrary external potential is reviewed. We show that for each confining\npotential, in the thermodynamic limit, there emerge \"generalized\" volume and\npressure variables ${\\cal V}$ and ${\\cal P}$, that replace the usual volume and\nhydrostatic pressure of a uniform system. This scheme is validated with the\nderivation of the virial expansion of the grand potential. We show that this\napproach yields experimentally amenable procedures to find the equation of\nstate of the fluid, ${\\cal P} = {\\cal P}({\\cal V}/N,T)$ with $N$ the number of\natoms, as well as its heat capacity at constant generalized volume $C_{\\cal V}\n= C_{\\cal V}({\\cal V},N,T)$. With these two functions, all the thermodynamics\nproperties of the system may be found. As specific examples we study weakly\ninteracting Bose gases trapped by harmonic and by linear quadrupolar potentials\nwithin the Hartree-Fock approximation. Comparisons with experimental results of\na $^{23}$Na ultracold gas are also presented. We claim that this route should\nprovide an additional and useful tool to analyze both the thermodynamic\nvariables of a trapped gas as well as its elementary excitations.",
        "positive": "Fragmentation-induced localization and boundary charges in dimensions\n  two and above: We study higher dimensional models with symmetric correlated hoppings, which\ngeneralize a one-dimensional model introduced in the context of\ndipole-conserving dynamics. We prove rigorously that whenever the local\nconfiguration space takes its smallest non-trivial value, these models exhibit\nlocalized behavior due to fragmentation, in any dimension. For the same class\nof models, we then construct a hierarchy of conserved quantities that are\npower-law localized at the boundary of the system with increasing powers.\nCombining these with Mazur's bound, we prove that boundary correlations are\ninfinitely long lived, even when the bulk is not localized. We use our results\nto construct quantum Hamiltonians that exhibit the analogues of strong zero\nmodes in two and higher dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Using nonequilibrium fluctuation theorems to understand and correct\n  errors in equilibrium and nonequilibrium discrete Langevin dynamics\n  simulations: Common algorithms for computationally simulating Langevin dynamics must\ndiscretize the stochastic differential equations of motion. These resulting\nfinite time step integrators necessarily have several practical issues in\ncommon: Microscopic reversibility is violated, the sampled stationary\ndistribution differs from the desired equilibrium distribution, and the work\naccumulated in nonequilibrium simulations is not directly usable in estimators\nbased on nonequilibrium work theorems. Here, we show that even with a\ntime-independent Hamiltonian, finite time step Langevin integrators can be\nthought of as a driven, nonequilibrium physical process. Once an appropriate\nwork-like quantity is defined -- here called the shadow work -- recently\ndeveloped nonequilibrium fluctuation theorems can be used to measure or correct\nfor the errors introduced by the use of finite time steps. In particular, we\ndemonstrate that amending estimators based on nonequilibrium work theorems to\ninclude this shadow work removes the time step dependent error from estimates\nof free energies. We also quantify, for the first time, the magnitude of\ndeviations between the sampled stationary distribution and the desired\nequilibrium distribution for equilibrium Langevin simulations of solvated\nsystems of varying size. While these deviations can be large, they can be\neliminated altogether by Metropolization or greatly diminished by small\nreductions in the time step. Through this connection with driven processes,\nfurther developments in nonequilibrium fluctuation theorems can provide\nadditional analytical tools for dealing with errors in finite time step\nintegrators.",
        "positive": "Relaxation to equilibrium in models of classical spins with long-range\n  interactions: For a model long-range interacting system of classical Heisenberg spins, we\nstudy how fluctuations, such as those arising from having a finite system size\nor through interaction with the environment, affect the dynamical process of\nrelaxation to Boltzmann-Gibbs equilibrium. Under deterministic spin\nprecessional dynamics, we unveil the full range of quasistationary behavior\nobserved during relaxation to equilibrium, whereby the system is trapped in\nnonequilibrium states for times that diverge with the system size. The\ncorresponding stochastic dynamics, modeling interaction with the environment\nand constructed in the spirit of the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert\nequation, however shows a fast relaxation to equilibrium on a size-independent\ntimescale and no signature of quasistationarity, provided the noise is strong\nenough. Similar fast relaxation is also seen in Glauber Monte Carlo dynamics of\nthe model, thus establishing the ubiquity of what has been reported earlier in\nparticle dynamics (hence distinct from the spin dynamics considered here) of\nlong-range interacting systems, that quasistationarity observed in\ndeterministic dynamics is washed away by fluctuations induced through contact\nwith the environment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fock Parafermions and Self-Dual Representations of the Braid Group: We introduce and describe in second quantization a family of particle species\nwith \\(p=2,3,\\dots\\) exclusion and \\(\\theta=2\\pi/p\\) exchange statistics. We\ncall these anyons Fock parafermions, because they are the particles naturally\nassociated to the parafermionic zero-energy modes, potentially realizable in\nmesoscopic arrays of fractional topological insulators. Their\nsecond-quantization description entails the concept of Fock algebra, i.e., a\nFock space endowed with a statistical multiplication that captures and\nlogically correlates these anyons' exclusion and exchange statistics. As a\nconsequence normal-ordering continues to be a well-defined operation. Because\nof its relevance to topological quantum information processing, we also derive\nfamilies of self-dual representations of the braid group for any $p$, with the\nGaussian representation being a special case. The self-dual representations can\nbe realized in terms of local quadratic combinations of either parafermions or\nFock parafermions, an important requisite for physical implementation of\nquantum logic gates.",
        "positive": "Homogeneous Vapor Nucleation Using Isothermal Multibody Dissipative\n  Particle Dynamics: Homogeneous nucleation of a vapor bubble from a bulk metastable phase is\nstudied here for the first time using the multibody dissipative particle\ndynamics model. The van der Waals equation of state is used to define a\nconservative force that describes the model fluid used in this study.\nAdditional computational tools were developed to help visualize the vapor\nbubble formed in the system. Continuum thermodynamic ideas are used to help\nidentify the bubble interface and separate particles that constitute the vapor\nbubble and bulk liquid regions respectively. Using this idea, the density\nvariation is found to vary smoothly from the liquid to vapor regions in the\nsystem. The square-gradient term that arises from the free energy expansion of\nthe density is found to have no significant effect on the radial local density\nvariation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ising Model of a Glass Transition: Numerical simulations by Tanaka and coworkers indicate that glass forming\nsystems of moderately polydisperse hard-core particles, in both two and three\ndimensions, exhibit diverging correlation lengths. These correlations are\ndescribed by Ising-like critical exponents, and are associated with diverging,\nVogel-Fulcher-Tamann, structural relaxation times. Related simulations of\nthermalized hard disks indicate that the curves of pressure versus packing\nfraction for different polydispersities exhibit a sequence of transition\npoints, starting with a liquid-hexatic transition for the monodisperse case,\nand crossing over with increasing polydispersity to glassy, Ising-like critical\npoints. I propose to explain these observations by assuming that glass-forming\nfluids contain twofold degenerate, locally ordered clusters of particles,\nsimilar to the two-state systems that have been invoked to explain other glassy\nphenomena. This paper starts with a brief statistical derivation of the\nthermodynamics of thermalized, hard-core particles. It then discusses how a\ntwo-state, Ising-like model can be described within that framework in terms of\na small number of statistically relevant, internal state variables. The\nresulting theory agrees accurately with the simulation data. I also propose a\nrationale for the observed relation between the Ising-like correlation lengths\nand the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamann formula.",
        "positive": "On the Manifestly Covariant Juttner Distribution and Equipartition\n  Theorem: The relativistic equilibrium velocity distribution plays a key role in\ndescribing several high-energy and astrophysical effects. Recently, computer\nsimulations favored Juttner's as the relativistic generalization of Maxwell's\ndistribution for d=1,2,3 spatial dimensions and pointed to an invariant\ntemperature. In this work we argue an invariant temperature naturally follows\nfrom manifest covariance. We present a new derivation of the manifestly\ncovariant Juttner's distribution and Equipartition Theorem. The standard\nprocedure to get the equilibrium distribution as a solution of the relativistic\nBoltzmann's equation is here adopted. However, contrary to previous analysis,\nwe use cartesian coordinates in d+1 momentum space, with d spatial components.\nThe use of the multiplication theorem of Bessel functions turns crucial to\nregain the known invariant form of Juttner's distribution. Since equilibrium\nkinetic theory results should agree with thermodynamics in the comoving frame\nto the gas the covariant pseudo-norm of a vector entering the distribution can\nbe identified with the reciprocal of temperature in such comoving frame. Then\nby combining the covariant statistical moments of Juttner's distribution a\nnovel form of the Equipartition Theorem is advanced which also accommodates the\ninvariant comoving temperature and it contains, as a particular case, a\nprevious not manifestly covariant form."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strengthened second law for multi-dimensional systems coupled to\n  multiple thermodynamic reservoirs: The second law of thermodynamics can be formulated as a restriction on the\nevolution of the entropy of any system undergoing Markovian dynamics. Here I\nshow that this form of the second law is strengthened for multi-dimensional,\ncomplex systems, coupled to multiple thermodynamic reservoirs, if we have a set\nof \\textit{a priori} constraints restricting how the dynamics of each\ncoordinate can depend on the other coordinates. As an example, this\nstrengthened second law (SSL) applies to complex systems composed of multiple\nphysically separated, co-evolving subsystems, each identified as a coordinate\nof the overall system. In this example, the constraints concern how the\ndynamics of some subsystems are allowed to depend on the states of the other\nsubsystems. Importantly the SSL applies to such complex systems even if some of\nits subsystems can change state simultaneously, which is prohibited in a\nmultipartite process. The SSL also strengthens previously derived bounds on how\nmuch work can be extracted from a system using feedback control, if the system\nis multi-dimensional. Importantly, the SSL does not require local detailed\nbalance. So it potentially applies to complex systems ranging from interacting\neconomic agents to co-evolving biological species.",
        "positive": "Generalized kinetics of overall phase transition useful for\n  crystallization when assuming heat inertia: Modeling of process for reaction kinetics is a fashionable subject of\npublications. The meaning of both the mortality and fertility terms are\nmathematically analyzed in details involving variation of their power\nexponents. We developed an analogue of the KJMA equation under non-isothermal\nconditions that describes the dependence of degree of transformation\n{\\alpha}(T) at a constant rate ,q, of heating with characteristic temperature\n{\\theta}(q) and power N. This equation is valid even when the activation energy\nof the process is not constant. We demonstrate that reliable information about\nthe activation energy is obtained when the experimental data are plotted in the\nfollowing coordinates: log q (heating rate) against log Tp (Peak Temperature)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of heat exchange between two resistors: We study energy flow between two resistors coupled by an arbitrary linear and\nlossless electric circuit. We show that the fluctuations of energy transferred\nbetween the resistors are determined by random scattering of photons on an\neffective barrier with frequency dependent transmission probability\n$\\tau(\\omega)$. We express the latter in terms of the circuit parameters. Our\nresults are valid in both quantum and classical regimes and for non-equilibrium\nelectron distribution functions in the resistors.",
        "positive": "Statistical Mechanics of DNA Mutation using SUSY Quantum Mechanics: In this paper, we investigate DNA denaturation through Statistical Mechanics\nand show that exceptional polynomials lead to DNA mutation. We consider a DNA\nmodel with two chains connected by Morse potential representing the H bonds,\nand then we calculate the partition function for this model. The partition\nfunction is converted into a Schr\\\"odinger like an equation. We exploit the\ntechniques of SUSY quantum mechanics to model DNA mutation. We also compute the\nthermal denaturation of DNA for each mutated state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distance distribution in random graphs and application to networks\n  exploration: We consider the problem of determining the proportion of edges that are\ndiscovered in an Erdos-Renyi graph when one constructs all shortest paths from\na given source node to all other nodes. This problem is equivalent to the one\nof determining the proportion of edges connecting nodes that are at identical\ndistance from the source node. The evolution of this quantity with the\nprobability of existence of the edges exhibits intriguing oscillatory behavior.\nIn order to perform our analysis, we introduce a new way of computing the\ndistribution of distances between nodes. Our method outperforms previous\nsimilar analyses and leads to estimates that coincide remarkably well with\nnumerical simulations. It allows us to characterize the phase transitions\nappearing when the connectivity probability varies.",
        "positive": "Choice-Driven Phase Transition in Complex Networks: We investigate choice-driven network growth. In this model, nodes are added\none by one according to the following procedure: for each addition event a set\nof target nodes is selected, each according to linear preferential attachment,\nand a new node attaches to the target with the highest degree. Depending on\nprecise details of the attachment rule, the resulting networks has three\npossible outcomes: (i) a non-universal power-law degree distribution; (ii) a\nsingle macroscopic hub (a node whose degree is of the order of N, the number of\nnetwork nodes), while the remainder of the nodes comprises a non-universal\npower-law degree distribution; (iii) a degree distribution that decays as (k ln\nk)^{-2} at the transition between cases (i) and (ii). These properties are\nrobust when attachment occurs to the highest-degree node from at least two\ntargets. When attachment is made to a target whose degree is not the highest,\nthe degree distribution has the ultra-narrow double-exponential form\nexp(-const. x e^k), from which the largest degree grows only as ln(ln N)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adiabatic noise-induced escape rate for nonequilibrium open systems: We consider the motion of an overdamped particle in a force field in presence\nof an external, adiabatic noise, without the restriction that the noise process\nis Gaussian or the stochastic process is Markovian. We examine the condition\nfor attainment of steady state for this nonequilibrium open system and\ncalculate the adiabatic noise-induced rate of escape of the particle over a\nbarrier.",
        "positive": "Driving-induced stability with long-range effects: We give a sufficient condition under which an applied rotation on medium\nparticles stabilizes a slow probe in the rotation center. The symmetric part of\nthe stiffness matrix thus gets a positive Lamb shift with respect to\nequilibrium. For illustration we take diffusive medium particles with a\nself-potential in the shape of a Mexican hat, high around the origin. There is\na short-range attraction between the medium particles and the heavier probe,\nall immersed in an equilibrium thermal bath. For no or small rotation force on\nthe medium particles, the origin is an unstable fixed point for the probe and\nthe precise shape of the self-potential at large distances from the origin is\nirrelevant for the statistical force there. Above a certain rotation threshold,\nwhile the medium particles are still repelled from the origin, the probe\nstabilizes there and more details of the medium-density at large distance start\nto matter. The effect is robust around the quasi-static limit with rotation\nthreshold only weakly depending on the temperature but the stabilization gets\nstronger at lower temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic theory of equilibrium fluctuations: The postulational basis of classical thermodynamics has been expanded to\nincorporate equilibrium fluctuations. The main additional elements of the\nproposed thermodynamic theory are the concept of quasi-equilibrium states, a\ndefinition of non-equilibrium entropy, a fundamental equation of state in the\nentropy representation, and a fluctuation postulate describing the probability\ndistribution of macroscopic parameters of an isolated system. Although these\nelements introduce a statistical component that does not exist in classical\nthermodynamics, the logical structure of the theory is different from that of\nstatistical mechanics and represents an expanded version of thermodynamics.\nBased on this theory, we present a regular procedure for calculations of\nequilibrium fluctuations of extensive parameters, intensive parameters and\ndensities in systems with any number of fluctuating parameters. The proposed\nfluctuation formalism is demonstrated by four applications: (1) derivation of\nthe complete set of fluctuation relations for a simple fluid in three different\nensembles; (2) fluctuations in finite-reservoir systems interpolating between\nthe canonical and micro-canonical ensembles; (3) derivation of fluctuation\nrelations for excess properties of grain boundaries in binary solid solutions,\nand (4) derivation of the grain boundary width distribution for pre-melted\ngrain boundaries in alloys. The last two applications offer an efficient\nfluctuation-based approach to calculations of interface excess properties and\nextraction of the disjoining potential in pre-melted grain boundaries. Possible\nfuture extensions of the theory are outlined.",
        "positive": "Global characteristics of all eigenstates of local many-body\n  Hamiltonians: participation ratio and entanglement entropy: In the spectrum of many-body quantum systems, the low-energy eigenstates were\nthe traditional focus of research. The interest in the statistical properties\nof the full eigenspectrum has grown more recently, in particular in the context\nof non-equilibrium questions. Wave functions of interacting lattice quantum\nsystems can be characterized either by local observables, or by global\nproperties such as the participation ratio (PR) in a many-body basis or the\nentanglement between various partitions. We present a study of the PR and of\nthe entanglement entropy (EE) between two roughly equal spatial partitions of\nthe system, in all the eigenfunctions of local Hamiltonians. Motivated by the\nsimilarity of the PR and EE - both are generically larger in the bulk and\nsmaller near the edges of the spectrum - we quantitatively analyze the\ncorrelation between them. We elucidate the effect of (proximity to)\nintegrability, showing how low-entanglement and low-PR states appear also in\nthe middle of the spectrum as one approaches integrable points. We also\ndetermine the precise scaling behavior of the eigenstate-to-eigenstate\nfluctuations of the PR and EE with respect to system size, and characterize the\nstatistical distribution of these quantities near the middle of the spectrum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Drift of phase fluctuations in the ABC model: In a recent work, Bodineau and Derrida analyzed the phase fluctuations in the\nABC model. In particular, they computed the asymptotic variance and, on the\nbasis of numerical simulations, they conjectured the presence of a drift, which\nthey guessed to be an antisymmetric function of the three densities. By\nassuming the validity of the fluctuating hydrodynamic approximation, we prove\nthe presence of such a drift, providing an analytical expression for it. This\nexpression is then shown to be an antisymmetric function of the three\ndensities. The antisymmetry of the drift can also be inferred from a symmetry\nproperty of the underlying microscopic dynamics.",
        "positive": "Phantom Bethe roots in the integrable open spin $1/2$ $XXZ$ chain: We investigate special solutions to the Bethe Ansatz equations (BAE) for open\nintegrable $XXZ$ Heisenberg spin chains containing phantom (infinite) Bethe\nroots. The phantom Bethe roots do not contribute to the energy of the Bethe\nstate, so the energy is determined exclusively by the remaining regular\nexcitations. We rederive the phantom Bethe roots criterion and focus on BAE\nsolutions for mixtures of phantom roots and regular (finite) Bethe roots. We\nprove that in the presence of phantom Bethe roots, all eigenstates are split\nbetween two invariant subspaces, spanned by chiral shock states. Bethe\neigenstates are described by two complementary sets of Bethe Ansatz equations\nfor regular roots, one for each invariant subspace. The respective\n\"semi-phantom\" Bethe vectors are states of chiral nature, with chirality\nproperties getting less pronounced when more regular Bethe roots are added. For\nthe easy plane case \"semi-phantom\" Bethe states carry nonzero magnetic current,\nand are characterized by quasi-periodic modulation of the magnetization\nprofile, the most prominent example being the spin helix states (SHS). We\nillustrate our results investigating \"semi-phantom\" Bethe states generated by\none regular Bethe root (the other Bethe roots being phantom), with simple\nstructure of the invariant subspace, in all details. We obtain the explicit\nexpressions for Bethe vectors, and calculate the simplest correlation\nfunctions, including the spin-current for all the states in the single particle\nmultiplet."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Approximate thermofield dynamics of interacting fermions: We analyze the many-particle Schrodinger equation for fermions in a thermal\nensemble by introducing an exponential operator expansion, defined in the\ncontext of thermofield dynamics. The expansion is optimized variationally at\neach time step through changes in the basis of excitations, which leads to a\nmethod of generating approximate differential equations to solve the time\ndependent problem, and can also be used to cool the system in imaginary time.\nThe method is applied for a specific set of basis transformations and\ntruncation scheme, leading to an explicit set of differential equations that\nreduce to the Hartree Fock solution in the low temperature limit. This\nprocedure can also be generalized to include quantum correlation, which will be\npursued in a future publication.",
        "positive": "Scaling prediction for self-avoiding polygons revisited: We analyse new exact enumeration data for self-avoiding polygons, counted by\nperimeter and area on the square, triangular and hexagonal lattices. In\nextending earlier analyses, we focus on the perimeter moments in the vicinity\nof the bicritical point. We also consider the shape of the critical curve near\nthe bicritical point, which describes the crossover to the branched polymer\nphase. Our recently conjectured expression for the scaling function of rooted\nself-avoiding polygons is further supported. For (unrooted) self-avoiding\npolygons, the analysis reveals the presence of an additional additive term with\na new universal amplitude. We conjecture the exact value of this amplitude."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise reduction for flows using nonlinear constraints: On the basis of a local-projective with nonlinear constraints (LPNC) approach\n(see K. Urbanowicz, J.A. Holyst, T. Stemler and H. Benner, Acta Phys. Pol B 35\n(9), 2175, 2004) we develop a method of noise reduction in time series that\nmakes use of constraints appearing due to the continuous character of flows. As\nopposed to local-projective methods in our method we do not need to determine\nthe Jacobi matrix.\n  The approach has been successfully applied for separating a signal from noise\nin the Lorenz model and in noisy experimental data obtained from an electronic\nChua circuit. The method was then applied for filtering noise in human voice.",
        "positive": "Scaling of thermal conductivity of helium confined in pores: We have studied the thermal conductivity of confined superfluids on a\nbar-like geometry. We use the planar magnet lattice model on a lattice $H\\times\nH\\times L$ with $L \\gg H$. We have applied open boundary conditions on the bar\nsides (the confined directions of length $H$) and periodic along the long\ndirection. We have adopted a hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm to efficiently deal\nwith the critical slowing down and in order to solve the dynamical equations of\nmotion we use a discretization technique which introduces errors only\n$O((\\delta t)^6)$ in the time step $\\delta t$. Our results demonstrate the\nvalidity of scaling using known values of the critical exponents and we\nobtained the scaling function of the thermal resistivity. We find that our\nresults for the thermal resistivity scaling function are in very good agreement\nwith the available experimental results for pores using the temp"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transient superdiffusion in correlated diffusive media: Diffusion processes are studied theoretically for the case where the\ndiffusion coefficient is itself a time and position dependent random function.\nWe investigate how inhomogeneities and fluctuations of the diffusion\ncoefficient affect the transport using a perturbative approach, with a special\nattention to the time scaling of the second moment. We show that correlated\ndisorder can lead to anomalous transport and superdiffusion.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Matrix Exponentials and Thermodynamic Parallelism: Thermodynamic computing exploits fluctuations and dissipation in physical\nsystems to efficiently solve various mathematical problems. For example, it was\nrecently shown that certain linear algebra problems can be solved\nthermodynamically, leading to an asymptotic speedup scaling with the matrix\ndimension. The origin of this \"thermodynamic advantage\" has not yet been fully\nexplained, and it is not clear what other problems might benefit from it. Here\nwe provide a new thermodynamic algorithm for exponentiating a real matrix, with\napplications in simulating linear dynamical systems. We describe a simple\nelectrical circuit involving coupled oscillators, whose thermal equilibration\ncan implement our algorithm. We also show that this algorithm also provides an\nasymptotic speedup that is linear in the dimension. Finally, we introduce the\nconcept of thermodynamic parallelism to explain this speedup, stating that\nthermodynamic noise provides a resource leading to effective parallelization of\ncomputations, and we hypothesize this as a mechanism to explain thermodynamic\nadvantage more generally."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bloch oscillations and the lack of the decay of the false vacuum in a\n  one-dimensional quantum spin chain: We consider the decay of the false vacuum, realised within a quantum quench\ninto an anti-confining regime of the Ising spin chain with a magnetic field\nopposite to the initial magnetisation. Although the effective linear potential\nbetween the domain walls is repulsive, the time evolution of correlations still\nshows a suppression of the light cone and a reduction of vacuum decay. The\nsuppressed decay is a lattice effect, and can be assigned to emergent Bloch\noscillations.",
        "positive": "Entropy production and fluctuation relations for a KPZ interface: We study entropy production and fluctuation relations in the restricted\nsolid-on-solid growth model, which is a microscopic realization of the KPZ\nequation. Solving the one dimensional model exactly on a particular line of the\nphase diagram we demonstrate that entropy production quantifies the distance\nfrom equilibrium. Moreover, as an example of a physically relevant current\ndifferent from the entropy, we study the symmetry of the large deviation\nfunction associated with the interface height. In a special case of a system of\nlength L=4 we find that the probability distribution of the variation of height\nhas a symmetric large deviation function, displaying a symmetry different from\nthe Gallavotti-Cohen symmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simple tools for extrapolations of human mortality in rich countries: Suitable assumptions for the Gompertz mortality law take into account the\nbreak in the time development observed recently by Wilmoth et al. They show how\na drastic reduction in the birth rate and improved living conditions lead to a\ndrastic increase in the fraction of old people in the population, and how\nimmigration of half a percent of the population per year can mostly stop this\nincrease.",
        "positive": "Sparse hard-disk packings and local Markov chains: We propose locally stable sparse hard-disk packings, as introduced by\nB\\\"or\\\"oczky, as a model for the analysis and benchmarking of Markov-chain\nMonte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. We first generate such packings in a square box\nwith periodic boundary conditions and analyze their properties. We then study\nhow local MCMC algorithms, namely the Metropolis algorithm and several versions\nof event-chain Monte Carlo (ECMC), escape from configurations that are obtained\nby slightly reducing all disk radii by a relaxation parameter. A scaling\nanalysis is confirmed by simulation results. We obtain two classes of ECMC, one\nin which the escape time varies algebraically with the relaxation parameter (as\nfor the local Metropolis algorithm) and another in which the escape time scales\nas the logarithm of the relaxation parameter. We discuss the connectivity of\nthe hard-disk sample space, the ergodicity of local MCMC algorithms, as well as\nthe meaning of packings in the context of the NPT ensemble. Our work is\naccompanied by open-source, arbitrary-precision software for B\\\"or\\\"oczky\npackings (in Python) and for straight, reflective, forward, and Newtonian ECMC\n(in Go)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Resetting photons: Starting from a frequency diffusion process for a tagged photon which\nsimulates relaxation to the Planck law, we introduce a resetting where photons\nlower their frequency at random times. We consider two versions, one where the\nresetting to low frequency is independent of the existing frequency and a\nsecond case where the reduction in frequency scales with the original\nfrequency. The result is a nonlinear Markov process where the stationary\ndistribution modifies the Planck law by abundance of low-frequency occupation.\nThe physical relevance of such photon resetting processes can be found in\nexplorations of nonequilibrium effects, e.g., via random expansions of a\nconfined plasma or photon gas or via strongly inelastic scattering with matter.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamic modes, Green-Kubo relations, and velocity correlations in\n  dilute granular gases: It is shown that the hydrodynamic modes of a dilute granular gas of inelastic\nhard spheres can be identified, and calculated in the long wavelength limit.\nAssuming they dominate at long times, formal expressions for the Navier-Stokes\ntransport coefficients are derived. They can be expressed in a form that\ngeneralizes the Green-Kubo relations for molecular systems, and it is shown\nthat they can also be evaluated by means of $N$-particle simulation methods.\nThe form of the hydrodynamic modes to zeroth order in the gradients is used to\ndetect the presence of inherent velocity correlations in the homogeneous\ncooling state, even in the low density limit. They manifest themselves in the\nfluctuations of the total energy of the system. The theoretical predictions are\nshown to be in agreement with molecular dynamics simulations. Relevant related\nquestions deserving further attention are pointed out."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement entropy and massless phase in the antiferromagnetic\n  three-state quantum chiral clock model: The von Neumann entanglement entropy is used to estimate the critical point\n$h_c/J \\simeq 0.143(3)$ of the mixed ferro-antiferromagnetic three-state\nquantum Potts model $H = \\sum_i [ J ( X_i X_{i+1}^{\\,2} + X_i^{\\,2} X_{i+1} ) -\nh\\, R_i ]$, where $X_i$ and $R_i$ are standard three-state Potts spin operators\nand $J>0$ is the antiferromagnetic coupling parameter. This critical point\nvalue gives improved estimates for two Kosterlitz-Thouless transition points in\nthe antiferromagnetic ($\\beta < 0$) region of the $\\Delta$--$\\beta$ phase\ndiagram of the three-state quantum chiral clock model, where $\\Delta$ and\n$\\beta$ are, respectively, the chirality and coupling parameters in the clock\nmodel. These are the transition points $\\beta_c \\simeq - 0.143(3)$ at $\\Delta =\n\\frac12$ between incommensurate and commensurate phases and $\\beta_c \\simeq -\n7.0(1)$ at $\\Delta = 0$ between disordered and incommensurate phases. The von\nNeumann entropy is also used to calculate the central charge $c$ of the\nunderlying conformal field theory in the massless phase $h \\le h_c$. The\nestimate $c \\simeq 1$ in this phase is consistent with the known exact value at\nthe particular point $h/J = -1$ corresponding to the purely antiferromagnetic\nthree-state quantum Potts model. The algebraic decay of the Potts spin-spin\ncorrelation in the massless phase is used to estimate the continuously varying\ncritical exponent $\\eta$.",
        "positive": "Epidemic spreading in complex networks with degree correlations: We review the behavior of epidemic spreading on complex networks in which\nthere are explicit correlations among the degrees of connected vertices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical approach to the Casimir effect: Casimir forces can appear between intrusions placed in different media driven\nby several fluctuation mechanisms, either in equilibrium or out of it. Herein,\nwe develop a general formalism to obtain such forces from the dynamical\nequations of the fluctuating medium, the statistical properties of the driving\nnoise, and the boundary conditions of the intrusions (which simulate the\ninteraction between the intrusions and the medium). As a result, an explicit\nformula for the Casimir force over the intrusions is derived. This formalism\ncontains the thermal Casimir effect as a particular limit and generalizes the\nstudy of the Casimir effect to such systems through their dynamical equations,\nwith no appeal to their Hamiltonian, if any exists. In particular, we study the\nCasimir force between two infinite parallel plates with Dirichlet or Neumann\nboundary conditions, immersed in several media with finite correlation lengths\n(reaction--diffusion system, liquid crystals, and two coupled fields with\nnon-Hermitian evolution equations). The driving Gaussian noises have vanishing\nor finite spatial or temporal correlation lengths; in the first case,\nequilibrium is reobtained and finite correlations produce nonequilibrium\ndynamics. The results obtained show that, generally, nonequilibrium dynamics\nleads to Casimir forces, whereas Casimir forces are obtained in equilibrium\ndynamics if the stress tensor is anisotropic.",
        "positive": "Explicit characterization of the identity configuration in an Abelian\n  Sandpile Model: Since the work of Creutz, identifying the group identities for the Abelian\nSandpile Model (ASM) on a given lattice is a puzzling issue: on rectangular\nportions of Z^2 complex quasi-self-similar structures arise. We study the ASM\non the square lattice, in different geometries, and a variant with directed\nedges. Cylinders, through their extra symmetry, allow an easy determination of\nthe identity, which is a homogeneous function. The directed variant on square\ngeometry shows a remarkable exact structure, asymptotically self-similar."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical and Multicritical Semi-Random (1+d)-Dimensional Lattices and\n  Hard Objects in d Dimensions: We investigate models of (1+d)-D Lorentzian semi-random lattices with one\nrandom (space-like) direction and d regular (time-like) ones. We prove a\ngeneral inversion formula expressing the partition function of these models as\nthe inverse of that of hard objects in d dimensions. This allows for an exact\nsolution of a variety of new models including critical and multicritical\ngeneralized (1+1)-D Lorentzian surfaces, with fractal dimensions $d_F=k+1$,\nk=1,2,3,..., as well as a new model of (1+2)-D critical tetrahedral complexes,\nwith fractal dimension $d_F=12/5$. Critical exponents and universal scaling\nfunctions follow from this solution. We finally establish a general connection\nbetween (1+d)-D Lorentzian lattices and directed-site lattice animals in (1+d)\ndimensions.",
        "positive": "Kardar-Parisi-Zhang physics in integrable rotationally symmetric\n  dynamics on discrete space-time lattice: We introduce a deterministic SO(3) invariant dynamics of classical spins on a\ndiscrete space-time lattice and prove its complete integrability by explicitly\nfinding a related non-constant (baxterized) solution of the set-theoretic\nquantum Yang-Baxter equation over the 2-sphere. Equipping the algebraic\nstructure with the corresponding Lax operator we derive an infinite sequence of\nconserved quantities with local densities. The dynamics depend on a single\ncontinuous spectral parameter and reduce to a (lattice) Landau-Lifshitz model\nin the limit of a small parameter which corresponds to the continuous time\nlimit. Using quasi-exact numerical simulations of deterministic dynamics and\nMonte Carlo sampling of initial conditions corresponding to a maximum entropy\nequilibrium state we determine spin-spin spatio-temporal (dynamical)\ncorrelation functions with relative accuracy of three orders of magnitude. We\ndemonstrate that in the equilibrium state with a vanishing total magnetization\nthe correlation function precisely follow Kardar-Parisi-Zhang scaling hence the\nspin transport belongs to the universality class with dynamical exponent z=3/2,\nin accordance to recent related simulations in discrete and continuous time\nquantum Heisenberg spin 1/2 chains."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractal character of the phase ordering kinetics of a diluted\n  ferromagnet: We study numerically the coarsening kinetics of a two-dimensional\nferromagnetic system with aleatory bond dilution. We show that interfaces\nbetween domains of opposite magnetisation are fractal on every lengthscale, but\nwith different properties at short or long distances. Specifically, on\nlengthscales larger than the typical domains' size the topology is that of\ncritical random percolation, similarly to what observed in clean systems or\nmodels with different kinds of quenched disorder. On smaller lengthscales a\ndilution dependent fractal dimension emerges. The Hausdorff dimension increases\nwith increasing dilution $d$ up to the value $4/3$ expected at the bond\npercolation threshold $d=1/2$. We discuss how such different geometries develop\non different lengthscales during the phase-ordering process and how their\nsimultaneous presence determines the scaling properties of observable\nquantities.",
        "positive": "Pressure and entropy of hard spheres in the weakly nonequilibrium\n  heat-conduction steady state: Thermodynamic quantities of the hard-sphere system in the steady state with a\nsmall heat flux are calculated within the continuous media approach. Analytical\nexpressions for pressure, internal energy, and entropy are found in the\napproximation of the fourth order in temperature gradients. It is shown that\nthe gradient contributions to the internal energy depend on the volume, while\nthe entropy satisfies the second law of thermodynamics for nonequilibrium\nprocesses. The calculations are performed for dimensions 3D, 2D, and 1D."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microcanonical work and fluctuation relations for an open system: An\n  exactly solvable model: We calculate the probability distribution of work for an exactly solvable\nmodel of a system interacting with its environment. The system of interest is a\nharmonic oscillator with a time dependent control parameter, the environment is\nmodeled by $N$ independent harmonic oscillators with arbitrary frequencies, and\nthe system-environment coupling is bilinear and not necessarily weak. The\ninitial conditions of the combined system and environment are sampled from a\nmicrocanonical distribution and the system is driven out of equilibrium by\nchanging the control parameter according to a prescribed protocol. In the limit\nof infinitely large environment, i.e. $N \\rightarrow \\infty$, we recover the\nnonequilibrium work relation and Crooks's fluctuation relation. Moreover, the\nmicrocanonical Crooks relation is verified for finite environments. Finally, we\nshow the equivalence of multi-time correlation functions of the system in the\ninfinite environment limit for canonical and microcanonical ensembles.",
        "positive": "Renormalization of Systems with Non-equilibrium Critical Stationary\n  States: We introduce the general formulation of a renormalization method suitable to\nstudy the critical properties of non-equilibrium systems with steady-states:\nthe Dynamically Driven Renormalization Group. We renormalize the time evolution\noperator by computing the rescaled time transition rate between coarse grained\nstates. The obtained renormalization equations are coupled to a stationarity\ncondition which provides the approximate non-equilibrium statistical weights of\nsteady-state configurations to be used in the calculations. In this way we are\nable to write recursion relations for the parameters evolution under scale\nchange, from which we can extract numerical values for the critical exponents.\nThis general framework allows the systematic analysis of several models showing\nself-organized criticality in terms of usual concepts of phase transitions and\ncritical phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unzipping DNA - towards the first step of replication: The opening of the Y-fork - the first step of DNA replication - is shown to\nbe a critical phenomenon under an external force at one of its ends. From the\nresults of an equivalent delocalization in a non-hermitian quantum-mechanics\nproblem we show the different scaling behavior of unzipping and melting. The\nresultant long-range critical features within the unzipped part of Y might play\na role in the highly correlated biochemical functions during replication.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of self-supervised learning: Self-supervised learning (SSL) of energy based models has an intuitive\nrelation to equilibrium thermodynamics because the softmax layer, mapping\nenergies to probabilities, is a Gibbs distribution. However, in what way SSL is\na thermodynamic process? We show that some SSL paradigms behave as a\nthermodynamic composite system formed by representations and self-labels in\ncontact with a nonequilibrium reservoir. Moreover, this system is subjected to\nusual thermodynamic cycles, such as adiabatic expansion and isochoric heating,\nresulting in a generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE). In this picture, we show that\nlearning is seen as a demon that operates in cycles using feedback measurements\nto extract negative work from the system. As applications, we examine some SSL\nalgorithms using this idea."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal work in a harmonic trap with bounded stiffness: We apply Pontryagin's principle to drive rapidly a trapped overdamped\nBrownian particle in contact with a thermal bath between two equilibrium states\ncorresponding to different trap stiffness $\\kappa$. We work out the optimal\ntime dependence $\\kappa(t)$ by minimising the work performed on the particle\nunder the non-holonomic constraint $0\\leq\\kappa\\leq\\kappa_{\\max}$, an\nexperimentally relevant situation. Several important differences arise, as\ncompared with the case of unbounded stiffness that has been analysed in the\nliterature. First, two arbitrary equilibrium states may not always be\nconnected. Second, depending on the operating time $t_{\\text{f}}$ and the\ndesired compression ratio $\\kappa_{\\text{f}}/\\kappa_{\\text{\\i}}$, different\ntypes of solutions emerge. Finally, the differences in the minimum value of the\nwork brought about by the bounds may become quite large, which may have a\nrelevant impact on the optimisation of heat engines.",
        "positive": "Order parameter of a three-dimensional Ising-like system in the simplest\n  and higher non-Gaussian approximations: The application of the collective variables method to the study of the\nbehaviour of nonuniversal characteristics of the system in the critical region\nis illustrated by an example of the order parameter. Explicit expressions for\nthe order parameter (the average spin moment) of a three-dimensional uniaxial\nmagnet are obtained in approximations of quartic and sextic non-Gaussian\nfluctuation distributions (the \\rho^4 and \\rho^6 models, respectively), taking\ninto account confluent corrections. Some distinctive features appearing in the\nprocess of calculating the order parameter on the basis of two successive\nnon-Gaussian approximations are indicated. The dependence of the average spin\nmoment of an Ising-like system on the temperature and microscopic parameters is\nstudied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Excitation Chains at the Glass Transition: The excitation-chain theory of the glass transition, proposed in an earlier\npublication, predicts diverging, super-Arrhenius relaxation times and, {\\it\nvia} a similarly diverging length scale, suggests a way of understanding the\nrelations between dynamic and thermodynamic properties of glass-forming\nliquids. I argue here that critically large excitation chains play a role\nroughly analogous to that played by critical clusters in the droplet model of\nvapor condensation. The chains necessarily induce spatial heterogeneities in\nthe equilibrium states of glassy systems; and these heterogeneities may be\nrelated to stretched-exponential relaxation. Unlike a first-order condensation\npoint in a vapor, the glass transition is not a conventional phase\ntransformation, and may not be a thermodynamic transition at all.",
        "positive": "Dynamic Heterogeneity in the Glauber-Ising chain: In a recent paper [P. Mayer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 115701 (2004)] it\nwas shown, by means of experiments, theory and simulations, that coarsening\nsystems display dynamic heterogeneity analogous to that of glass formers. Here,\nwe present a detailed analysis of dynamic heterogeneities in the Glauber-Ising\nchain. We discuss how dynamic heterogeneity in Ising systems must be measured\nthrough connected multi-point correlation functions. We show that in the\ncoarsening regime of the Ising chain these multi-point functions reveal the\ngrowth of spatial correlations in the dynamics, beyond what can be inferred\nfrom standard two-point correlations. They have non-trivial scaling properties,\nwhich we interpret in terms of the diffusion-annihilation dynamics of domain\nwalls. In the equilibrium dynamics of the Ising chain, on the other hand,\nconnected multi-point functions vanish exactly and dynamic heterogeneity is not\nobserved. Our results highlight the similarities between coarsening systems and\nglass formers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-range correlations and generic scale invariance in classical fluids\n  and disordered electron systems: Long-ranged, or power-law, behavior of correlation functions in both space\nand time is discussed for classical systems and for quantum systems at finite\ntemperature, and is compared with the corresponding behavior in quantum systems\nat zero temperature. The origin of the long-ranged correlations is explained in\nterms of soft modes. In general, correlations at zero temperature are of longer\nrange than their finite temperature or classical counterparts. This phenomenon\nis due to additional soft modes that exist at zero temperature.",
        "positive": "E-pile model of self-organized criticality: The concept of percolation is combined with a self-consistent treatment of\nthe interaction between the dynamics on a lattice and the external drive. Such\na treatment can provide a mechanism by which the system evolves to criticality\nwithout fine tuning, thus offering a route to self-organized criticality (SOC)\nwhich in many cases is more natural than the weak random drive combined with\nboundary loss/dissipation as used in standard sand-pile formulations. We\nintroduce a new metaphor, the e-pile model, and a formalism for electric\nconduction in random media to compute critical exponents for such a system.\nVariations of the model apply to a number of other physical problems, such as\nelectric plasma discharges, dielectric relaxation, and the dynamics of the\nEarth's magnetotail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Soft modes in Fermi liquids at arbitrary temperatures: We use kinetic-theory methods to analyze Landau Fermi-liquid theory, and in\nparticular to investigate the number and nature of soft modes in Fermi liquids,\nboth in the hydrodynamic and the collisionless regimes. In the hydrodynamic\nregime we show that Fermi-liquid theory is consistent with Navier-Stokes\nhydrodynamics at all temperatures. The soft modes are the ones familiar from\nclassical hydrodynamics that are controlled by the five conservation laws;\nnamely, two first-sound modes, two shear diffusion modes, and one heat\ndiffusion mode. These modes have a particle-like spectrum and are soft, or\nscale invariant, at all temperatures. In the collisionless regime we show that\nthe entire single-particle distribution function is soft with a continuous part\nof the spectrum. This continuous soft mode, which is well known but often not\nemphasized, has important physical consequences, e.g., for certain quantum\nphase transitions. In addition, there are the well known soft zero-sound\nexcitations that describe angular fluctuations of the Fermi surface; their\nspectra are particle-like. They are unrelated to conservation laws, acquire a\nmass at any nonzero temperature, and their number depends on the strength of\nthe quasiparticle interaction. We also discuss the fates of these two families\nof soft modes as the temperature changes. With increasing temperature the size\nof the collisionless regime shrinks, the damping of the modes grows, and\neventually all of the collisionless modes become overdamped. In their stead the\nfive hydrodynamic modes appear in the hydrodynamic regime at asymptotically low\nfrequencies. The two families of soft modes are unrelated and have very\ndifferent physical origins.In charged Fermi liquids the first-sound modes in\nthe hydrodynamic regime and the l=0 zero-sound modes in the collisionless\nregime get replaced by plasmons, all other modes remain soft.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Steady State Driven by a Nonlinear Drift Force: We investigate the properties of the nonequilibrium steady state for the\nstochastic system driven by a nonlinear drift force and influenced by noises\nwhich are not identically and independently distributed. The nonequilibrium\nsteady state (NESS) current results from a residual part of the drift force\nwhich is not cancelled by the diffusive action of noises. From our previous\nstudy for the linear drift force the NESS current was found to circulate on the\nequiprobability surface with the maximum at a stable fixed point of the drift\nforce. For the nonlinear drift force, we use the perturbation theory with\nrespect to the cubic and quartic coefficients of the drift force. We find an\ninteresting potential landscape picture where the probability maximum shifts\nfrom the fixed point of the drift force and, furthermore, the NESS current has\na nontrivial circulation which flows off the equiprobability surface and has\nvarious centers not located at the probability maximum. The theoretical result\nis well confirmed by the computer simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stability of large complex systems with heterogeneous relaxation\n  dynamics: We study the probability of stability of a large complex system of size $N$\nwithin the framework of a generalized May model, which assumes a linear\ndynamics of each population size $n_i$ (with respect to its equilibrium value):\n$ \\frac{\\mathrm{d}\\, n_i}{\\mathrm{d}t} = - a_i n_i - \\sqrt{T} \\sum_{j} J_{ij}\nn_j $. The $a_i>0$'s are the intrinsic decay rates, $J_{ij}$ is a real\nsymmetric $(N\\times N)$ Gaussian random matrix and $\\sqrt{T}$ measures the\nstrength of pairwise interaction between different species. Unlike in May's\noriginal homogeneous model, each species has now an intrinsic damping $a_i$\nthat may differ from one another. As the interaction strength $T$ increases,\nthe system undergoes a phase transition from a stable phase to an unstable\nphase at a critical value $T=T_c$. We reinterpret the probability of stability\nin terms of the hitting time of the level $b=0$ of an associated Dyson Brownian\nMotion (DBM), starting at the initial position $a_i$ and evolving in `time'\n$T$. In the large $N \\to \\infty$ limit, using this DBM picture, we are able to\ncompletely characterize $T_c$ for arbitrary density $\\mu(a)$ of the $a_i$'s.\nFor a specific flat configuration $a_i = 1 + \\sigma \\frac{i-1}{N}$, we obtain\nan explicit parametric solution for the limiting (as $N\\to \\infty$) spectral\ndensity for arbitrary $T$ and $\\sigma$. For finite but large $N$, we also\ncompute the large deviation properties of the probability of stability on the\nstable side $T < T_c$ using a Coulomb gas representation.",
        "positive": "Tracer diffusion coefficients in a sheared inelastic Maxwell gas: We study the transport properties of an impurity in a sheared granular gas,\nin the framework of the Boltzmann equation for inelastic Maxwell models. We\ninvestigate here the impact of a nonequilibrium phase transition found in such\nsystems, where the tracer species carries a finite fraction of the total\nkinetic energy (ordered phase). To this end, the diffusion coefficients are\nfirst obtained for a granular binary mixture in spatially inhomogeneous states\nclose to the simple shear flow. In this situation, the set of coupled Boltzmann\nequations are solved by means of a Chapman-Enskog-like expansion around the\n(local) shear flow distributions for each species, thereby retaining all the\nhydrodynamic orders in the shear rate $a$. Due to the anisotropy induced by the\nshear flow, three tensorial quantities $D_{ij}$, $D_{p,ij}$, and $D_{T,ij}$ are\nrequired to describe the mass transport process instead of the conventional\nscalar coefficients. These tensors are given in terms of the solutions of a set\nof coupled algebraic equations, which can be \\emph{exactly} solved as functions\nof the shear rate $a$, the coefficients of restitution $\\alpha_{sr}$ and the\nparameters of the mixture (masses and composition). Once the forms of $D_{ij}$,\n$D_{p,ij}$, and $D_{T,ij}$ are obtained for arbitrary mole fraction\n$x_1=n_1/(n_1+n_2)$ (where $n_r$ is the number density of species $r$), the\ntracer limit ($x_1\\to 0$) is carefully considered for the above three diffusion\ntensors. Explicit forms for these coefficients are derived showing that their\nshear rate dependence is significantly affected by the order-disorder\ntransition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Broken Ergodicity in classically chaotic spin systems: A one dimensional classically chaotic spin chain with asymmetric coupling and\ntwo different inter-spin interactions, nearest neighbors and all-to-all, has\nbeen considered. Depending on the interaction range, dynamical properties, as\nergodicity and chaoticity are strongly different. Indeed, even in presence of\nchaoticity, the model displays a lack of ergodicity only in presence of all to\nall interaction and below an energy threshold, that persists in the\nthermodynamical limit. Energy threshold can be found analytically and results\ncan be generalized for a generic XY model with asymmetric coupling.",
        "positive": "On equilibrium radiation and zero-point fluctuations in non-relativistic\n  electron gas: Examination of equilibrium radiation in plasma media shows that the spectral\nthe energy distribution of such radiation is different from the Planck\nequilibrium radiation. Using the previously obtained general relations for the\nspectral energy density of equilibrium radiation in a system of charged\nparticles, we consider radiation in an electron in the limiting case of an\ninfinitesimal damping. It is shown that zero vacuum fluctuations which are part\nof the full spectral energy distribution should be renormalized. In this case,\nthe renormalized zero vacuum fluctuations depend on the electron density. A\nsimilar effect should exist in the general case of a quasineutral plasma."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Prethermalization and Thermalization in Isolated Quantum Systems: Prethermalization has been extensively studied in systems close to\nintegrability. We propose a more general, yet conceptually simpler, setup for\nthis phenomenon. We consider a---possibly nonintegrable---reference dynamics,\nweakly perturbed so that the perturbation breaks at least one conservation law\nof the reference dynamics. We argue then that the evolution of the system\nproceeds via intermediate (generalized) equilibrium states of the reference\ndynamics. The motion on the manifold of equilibrium states is governed by an\nautonomous equation, flowing towards global equilibrium in a time of order\n1/g^2, where g is the perturbation strength. We also describe the leading\ncorrection to the time-dependent reference equilibrium state, which is, in\ngeneral, of order g. The theory is well confirmed in numerical calculations of\nmodel Hamiltonians, for which we use a numerical linked cluster expansion and\nfull exact diagonalization.",
        "positive": "Analytic solution of Guyer-Krumhansl equation for laser flash\n  experiments: The existence of non-Fourier heat conduction is known for a long time in\nsmall and low temperature systems. The deviation from Fourier's law has been\nfound at room temperature in heterogeneous materials like rocks and metal foams\n\\cite{Botetal16, Vanetal17}. These experiments emphasized that the so-called\nGuyer-Krumhansl equation is adequate for modeling complex materials. In this\npaper an analytic solution of Guyer-Krumhansl equation is presented considering\nboundary conditions from laser flash experiment. The solutions are validated\nwith the help of a numerical code \\cite{KovVan15} developed for generalized\nheat equations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Competitive Brownian and Levy walkers: Population dynamics of individuals undergoing birth and death and diffusing\nby short or long ranged twodimensional spatial excursions (Gaussian jumps or\nL\\'{e}vy flights) is studied. Competitive interactions are considered in a\nglobal case, in which birth and death rates are influenced by all individuals\nin the system, and in a nonlocal but finite-range case in which interaction\naffects individuals in a neighborhood (we also address the noninteracting\ncase). In the global case one single or few-cluster configurations are achieved\nwith the spatial distribution of the bugs tied to the type of diffusion. In the\nL\\'{e}vy case long tails appear for some properties characterizing the shape\nand dynamics of clusters. Under non-local finite-range interactions periodic\npatterns appear with periodicity set by the interaction range. This length acts\nas a cut-off limiting the influence of the long L\\'{e}vy jumps, so that spatial\nconfigurations under the two types of diffusion become more similar. By\ndividing initially everyone into different families and following their descent\nit is possible to show that mixing of families and their competition is greatly\ninfluenced by the spatial dynamics.",
        "positive": "Generalized Elastic Model: thermal vs non-thermal initial conditions.\n  Universal scaling, roughening, ageing and ergodicity: We study correlation properties of the generalized elastic model which\naccounts for the dynamics of polymers, membranes, surfaces and fluctuating\ninterfaces, among others. We develop a theoretical framework which leads to the\nemergence of universal scaling laws for systems starting from thermal\n(equilibrium) or non-thermal (non-equilibrium) initial conditions. Our analysis\nincorporates and broadens previous results such as observables' double scaling\nregimes, (super)roughening and anomalous diffusion, and furnishes a new scaling\nbehavior for correlation functions at small times (long distances). We discuss\nageing and ergodic properties of the generalized elastic model in\nnon-equilibrium conditions, providing a comparison with the situation occurring\nin continuous time random walk. Our analysis also allows to assess which\nobservable is able to distinguish whether the system is in or far from\nequilibrium conditions in an experimental set-up."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Combining lower bounds on entropy production in complex systems with\n  multiple interacting components: The past two decades have seen a revolution in statistical physics,\ngeneralizing it to apply to systems of arbitrary size, evolving while\narbitrarily far from equilibrium. Many of these new results are based on\nanalyzing the dynamics of the entropy of a system that is evolving according to\na Markov process. These results comprise a sub-field called ``stochastic\nthermodynamics''. Some of the most powerful results in stochastic\nthermodynamics were traditionally concerned with single, monolithic systems,\nevolving by themselves, ignoring any internal structure of those systems. In\nthis chapter I review how in complex systems, composed of many interacting\nconstituent systems, it is possible to substantially strengthen many of these\ntraditional results of stochastic thermodynamics. This is done by ``mixing and\nmatching'' those traditional results, to each apply to only a subset of the\ninteracting systems, thereby producing a more powerful result at the level of\nthe aggregate, complex system.",
        "positive": "Connection between Phantom and Spatial Correlation in the\n  Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-model: A brief review: The goal of this minireview is restricted to describe how the\nKolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model has evolved from its birth up to the\npresent day. The model, which dates back to the late of 1930s, has the purpose\nof describing the kinetics of a phase transformation. Given the nature of this\narticle, although there are hundreds (if not thousands) of experimental data\nconcerning the most disparate topics, which are interpreted on the basis of the\nKJMA model, no arguments relating to these, will be touched upon. Starting from\nthe ingenious concept of phantom nuclei, firstly introduced by Avrami to get\nthe exact kinetics, we review theoretical approaches which overcome such\nconcept. We will show how spatial correlation among nuclei plays a fundamental\nrole in these modelings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bursts in a fiber bundle model with continuous damage: We study the constitutive behaviour, the damage process, and the properties\nof bursts in the continuous damage fiber bundle model introduced recently.\nDepending on its two parameters, the model provides various types of\nconstitutive behaviours including also macroscopic plasticity. Analytic results\nare obtained to characterize the damage process along the plastic plateau under\nstrain controlled loading, furthermore, for stress controlled experiments we\ndevelop a simulation technique and explore numerically the distribution of\nbursts of fiber breaks assuming infinite range of interaction. Simulations\nrevealed that under certain conditions power law distribution of bursts arises\nwith an exponent significantly different from the mean field exponent 5/2. A\nphase diagram of the model characterizing the possible burst distributions is\nconstructed.",
        "positive": "A Nonconservative Earthquake Model of Self-Organized Criticality on a\n  Random Graph: We numerically investigate the Olami-Feder-Christensen model on a quenched\nrandom graph. Contrary to the case of annealed random neighbors, we find that\nthe quenched model exhibits self-organized criticality deep within the\nnonconservative regime. The probability distribution for avalanche size obeys\nfinite size scaling, with universal critical exponents. In addition, a power\nlaw relation between the size and the duration of an avalanche exists. We\npropose that this may represent the correct mean-field limit of the model\nrather than the annealed random neighbor version."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distribution of work in isothermal non-equilibrium processes: Diffusive motion in an externally driven potential is considered. It is shown\nthat the distribution of work required to drive the system from an initial\nequilibrium state to another is Gaussian for slow but finite driving. Our\nresult is obtained by projection method techniques exploiting a small parameter\ndefined as the switching rate between the two states of the system. The exact\nsolution for a simple model system shows that such an expansion may fail in\nhigher orders, since the mean and the variance following from the exact\ndistribution show non-analytic behavior.",
        "positive": "A molecular dynamics simulation of water confined in a cylindrical SiO2\n  pore: A molecular dynamics simulation of water confined in a silica pore is\nperformed in order to compare it with recent experimental results on water\nconfined in porous Vycor glass at room temperature. A cylindrical pore of 40 A\nis created inside a vitreous SiO2 cell, obtained by computer simulation. The\nresulting cavity offers to water a rough hydrophilic surface and its geometry\nand size are similar to those of a typical pore in porous Vycor glass. The\nsite-site distribution functions of water inside the pore are evaluated and\ncompared with bulk water results. We find that the modifications of the\nsite-site distribution functions, induced by confinement, are in qualitative\nagreement with the recent neutron diffraction experiment, confirming that the\ndisturbance to the microscopic structure of water mainly concerns orientational\narrangement of neighbouring molecules. A layer analysis of MD results indicates\nthat, while the geometrical constraint gives an almost constant density profile\nup to the layers closest to the interface, with an uniform average number of\nhydrogen bonds (HB), the hydrophilic interaction produces the wetting of the\npore surface at the expenses of the adjacent water layers. Moreover the\norientational disorder togheter with a reduction of the average number of HB\npersists in the layers close to the interface, while water molecules cluster in\nthe middle of the pore at a density and with a coordination similar to bulk\nwater."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear Network Dynamics on Earthquake Fault Systems: Earthquake faults occur in networks that have dynamical modes not displayed\nby single isolated faults. Using simulations of the network of strike-slip\nfaults in southern California, we find that the physics depends critically on\nboth the interactions among the faults, which are determined by the geometry of\nthe fault network, as well as on the stress dissipation properties of the\nnonlinear frictional physics, similar to the dynamics of integrate-and-fire\nneural networks.",
        "positive": "Pair contact process with diffusion of pairs: The pair contact process (PCP) is a nonequilibrium stochastic model which,\nlike the basic contact process (CP), exhibits a phase transition to an\nabsorbing state. The two models belong to the directed percolation (DP)\nuniversality class, despite the fact that the PCP possesses infinitely many\nabsorbing configurations whereas the CP has but one. The critical behavior of\nthe PCP with hopping by particles (PCPD) is as yet unclear. Here we study a\nversion of the PCP in which nearest-neighbor particle {\\it pairs} can hop but\nindividual particles cannot. Using quasistationary simulations for three values\nof the diffusion probability ($D=0.1$, 0.5 and 0.9), we find convincing\nevidence of DP-like critical behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cycle decomposition of full counting statistics: This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to an error in the\nderivation.",
        "positive": "Novel mechanism for temperature-independent transitions in flexible\n  molecules: role of thermodynamic fluctuations: Novel physical mechanism is proposed for explanation of\ntemperature-independent transition reactions in molecular systems. The\nmechanism becomes effective in the case of conformation transitions between\nquasi-isoenergetic molecular states. It is shown that at room temperatures,\nstochastic broadening of molecular energy levels predominates the energy of low\nfrequency vibrations accompanying the transition. This leads to a cancellation\nof temperature dependence in the stochastically averaged rate constants. As an\nexample, physical interpretation of temperature-independent onset of P2X_3\nreceptor desensitization in neuronal membranes is provided."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Matrix product operator representations for the local conserved\n  quantities of the Heisenberg chain: We present the explicit expressions for the matrix product operator (MPO)\nrepresentation for the local conserved quantities of the Heisenberg chain. The\nbond dimension of the MPO grows linearly with the locality of the charges. The\nMPO has more simple form than the local charges themselves, and their Catalan\ntree patterns naturally emerge from the matrix products. The MPO representation\nof local conserved quantities is generalized to the integrable $\\mathrm{SU}(N)$\ninvariant spin chain.",
        "positive": "Scaling behavior of the disordered contact process: The one-dimensional contact process with weak to intermediate quenched\ndisorder in its transmission rates is investigated via quasi-stationary Monte\nCarlo simulation. We address the contested questions of both the nature of\ndynamical scaling, conventional or activated, as well as of universality of\ncritical exponents by employing a scaling analysis of the distribution of\nlifetimes and the quasi-stationary density of infection. We find activated\nscaling to be the appropriate description for all disorder strengths\nconsidered. Critical exponents are disorder dependent and approach the values\nexpected for the limit of strong disorder as predicted by strong-disorder\nrenormalization group analysis of the process. However, even for the strongest\ndisorder under consideration no strong-disorder exponents are found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A short introduction to Fibonacci anyon models: We discuss how to construct models of interacting anyons by generalizing\nquantum spin Hamiltonians to anyonic degrees of freedom. The simplest\ninteractions energetically favor pairs of anyons to fuse into the trivial\n(\"identity\") channel, similar to the quantum Heisenberg model favoring pairs of\nspins to form spin singlets. We present an introduction to the theory of anyons\nand discuss in detail how basis sets and matrix representations of the\ninteraction terms can be obtained, using non-Abelian Fibonacci anyons as\nexample. Besides discussing the \"golden chain\", a one-dimensional system of\nanyons with nearest neighbor interactions, we also present the derivation of\nmore complicated interaction terms, such as three-anyon interactions in the\nspirit of the Majumdar-Ghosh spin chain, longer range interactions and two-leg\nladders. We also discuss generalizations to anyons with general non-Abelian\nsu(2)_k statistics. The k to infinity limit of the latter yields ordinary SU(2)\nspin chains.",
        "positive": "Some inequalities in the fidelity approach to phase transitions: We present some aspects of the fidelity approach to phase transitions based\non lower and upper bounds on the fidelity susceptibility that are expressed in\nterms of thermodynamic quantities. Both commutative and non commutative cases\nare considered. In the commutative case, in addition, a relation between the\nfidelity and the nonequilibrium work done on the system in a process from an\nequilibrium initial state to an equilibrium final state has been obtained by\nusing the Jarzynski equality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strange kinetics: conflict between density and trajectory description: We study a process of anomalous diffusion, based on intermittent velocity\nfluctuations, and we show that its scaling depends on whether we observe the\nmotion of many independent trajectories or that of a Liouville-like equation\ndriven density. The reason for this discrepancy seems to be that the\nLiouville-like equation is unable to reproduce the multi-scaling properties\nemerging from trajectory dynamics. We argue that this conflict between density\nand trajectory might help us to define the uncertain border between dynamics\nand thermodynamics, and that between quantum and classical physics as well.",
        "positive": "Quantum phase transitions in the exactly solved spin-1/2\n  Heisenberg-Ising ladder: Ground-state behaviour of the frustrated quantum spin-1/2 two-leg ladder with\nthe Heisenberg intra-rung and Ising inter-rung interactions is examined in\ndetail. The investigated model is transformed to the quantum Ising chain with\ncomposite spins in an effective transverse and longitudinal field by employing\neither the bond-state representation or the unitary transformation. It is shown\nthat the ground state of the Heisenberg-Ising ladder can be descended from\nthree exactly solvable models: the quantum Ising chain in a transverse field,\nthe 'classical' Ising chain in a longitudinal field or the spin-chain model in\na staggered longitudinal-transverse field. The last model serves in evidence of\nthe staggered bond phase with alternating singlet and triplet bonds on the\nrungs of two-leg ladder, which appears at moderate values of the external\nmagnetic field and consequently leads to a fractional plateau at a half of the\nsaturation magnetization. The ground-state phase diagram totally consists of\nfive ordered and one quantum disordered phase, which are separated from each\nother either by the lines of discontinuous or continuous quantum phase\ntransitions. The order parameters are exactly calculated for all five ordered\nphases and the quantum disordered phase is characterized through different\nshort-range spin-spin correlations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermostatistics of \u03bc-deformed analog of Bose gas model: For the recently introduced \\mu-deformed analog of Bose gas model (\\mu-Bose\ngas model) we study some thermodynamical aspects. Namely, we calculate total\nnumber of particles and, from it, the deformed partition function, both\ninvolving dependence on the deformation parameter \\mu. Such dependence of\nthermodynamic functions on the \\mu-parameter is at the core of modification of\nBose gas model and arises through the use of new techniques given by us, the\n\\mu-calculus, an alternative to the well-known q-calculus (Jackson derivative\nand integral). Necessary elements of \\mu-calculus are first presented. Then,\nfor high temperatures we obtain virial expansion of the equation of state and\nfind five first virial coefficients, as functions of \\mu. At the other end, for\nlow temperatures the critical temperature of condensation T_c^(\\mu) depending\non \\mu is found and compared with the usual T_c, and with the T_c^(p,q) of\nearlier studied p,q-Bose gas model. The internal energy, specific heat and the\nentropy of \\mu-Bose gas are also given, both for high and low temperatures.\nFeatures peculiar for the \\mu-Bose gas model are emphasized.",
        "positive": "A run-and-tumble particle around a spherical obstacle: steady-state\n  distribution far-from-equilibrium: We study the steady-state distribution function of a run-and-tumble particle\nevolving around a repulsive hard spherical obstacle. We show that the\nwell-documented activity-induced attraction translates into a delta peak\naccumulation at the surface of the obstacle accompanied with an algebraic\ndivergence of the density profile close to the obstacle. We obtain the full\nform of the distribution function in the regime where the typical distance run\nby the particle between two consecutive tumbles is much larger than the size of\nthe obstacle. This provides an expression for the low-density pair distribution\nfunction of a fluid of highly persistent hard-core run-and-tumble particles.\nThis also provides an expression for the steady-state probability distribution\nof highly-ballistic active Brownian particles and active Ornstein-Ulhenbeck\nparticles around hard spherical obstacles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Mechanics of Money, Income, and Wealth: A Short Survey: In this short paper, we overview and extend the results of our papers\ncond-mat/0001432, cond-mat/0008305, and cond-mat/0103544, where we use an\nanalogy with statistical physics to describe probability distributions of\nmoney, income, and wealth in society. By making a detailed quantitative\ncomparison with the available statistical data, we show that these\ndistributions are described by simple exponential and power-law functions.",
        "positive": "Microcanonical Aproach for the OLA Model: In the present paper it is analyzed a very simple example of pseudoextensive\nsystem, the tridimensional system of Linear Coupled Oscillators (OLA Model).\nThe same one constitutes a classical tridimensional system of identical\ninteracting particles by means of harmonic oscillators. This academic problem\npossesses a complete analytical solution allowing this way that it can find\napplication in modeling some properties of the self-gravitating systems. It is\nshown that although this is a nonextensive system in the usual sense, it can be\ndealt in the thermodynamic limit with the usual Boltzmann-Gibbs' Statistics\nwith an appropriate selection of the representation of the space of the\nintegrals of motion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards designing robust coupled networks: Natural and technological interdependent systems have been shown to be highly\nvulnerable due to cascading failures and an abrupt collapse of global\nconnectivity under initial failure. Mitigating the risk by partial\ndisconnection endangers their functionality. Here we propose a systematic\nstrategy of selecting a minimum number of autonomous nodes that guarantee a\nsmooth transition in robustness. Our method which is based on betweenness is\ntested on various examples including the famous 2003 electrical blackout of\nItaly. We show that, with this strategy, the necessary number of autonomous\nnodes can be reduced by a factor of five compared to a random choice. We also\nfind that the transition to abrupt collapse follows tricritical scaling\ncharacterized by a set of exponents which is independent on the protection\nstrategy.",
        "positive": "Wind on the boundary for the Abelian sandpile model: We continue our investigation of the two-dimensional Abelian sandpile model\nin terms of a logarithmic conformal field theory with central charge c=-2, by\nintroducing two new boundary conditions. These have two unusual features: they\ncarry an intrinsic orientation, and, more strangely, they cannot be imposed\nuniformly on a whole boundary (like the edge of a cylinder). They lead to seven\nnew boundary condition changing fields, some of them being in highest weight\nrepresentations (weights -1/8, 0 and 3/8), some others belonging to\nindecomposable representations with rank 2 Jordan cells (lowest weights 0 and\n1). Their fusion algebra appears to be in full agreement with the fusion rules\nconjectured by Gaberdiel and Kausch."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergence of Vertical Diversity under Disturbance: We propose a statistical physics model of a neutral community, where each\nagent can represent identical plant species growing in the vertical direction\nwith sunlight in the form of rich-get-richer competition. Disturbance added to\nthis ecosystem, which makes an agent restart from the lowest growth level, is\nrealized as a stochastic resetting. We show that in this model for sufficiently\nstrong competition, vertical diversity characterized by a family of Hill\nnumbers robustly emerges as a local maximum at intermediate disturbance.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of a Classical Particle in a Quasi Periodic Potential: We study the dynamics of a one-dimensional classical particle in a space and\ntime dependent potential with randomly chosen parameters. The focus of this\nwork is a quasi-periodic potential, which only includes a finite number of\nFourier components. The momentum is calculated analytically for short time\nwithin a self-consistent approximation, under certain conditions.\n  We find that the dynamics can be described by a model of a random walk\nbetween the Chirikov resonances, which are resonances between the particle\nmomentum and the Fourier components of the potential. We use numerical methods\nto test these results and to evaluate the important properties, such as the\ncharacteristic hopping time between the resonances. This work sheds light on\nthe short time dynamics induced by potentials which are relevant for optics and\natom optics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Griffiths phases on complex networks: Quenched disorder is known to play a relevant role in dynamical processes and\nphase transitions. Its effects on the dynamics of complex networks have hardly\nbeen studied. Aimed at filling this gap, we analyze the Contact Process, i.e.\nthe simplest propagation model, with quenched disorder on complex networks. We\nfind Griffiths phases and other rare region effects, leading rather generically\nto anomalously slow (algebraic, logarithmic, ...) relaxation, on Erd\\H\nos-R\\'enyi networks. Similar effects are predicted to exist for other\ntopologies with a finite percolation threshold. More surprisingly, we find that\nGriffiths phases can also emerge in the absence of quenched disorder, as a\nconsequence of topological heterogeneity in networks with finite topological\ndimension. These results have a broad spectrum of implications for propagation\nphenomena and other dynamical processes on networks.",
        "positive": "Universal reference state in a driven homogeneous granular gas: We study the dynamics of a homogeneous granular gas heated by a stochastic\nthermostat, in the low density limit. It is found that, before reaching the\nstationary regime, the system quickly \"forgets\" the initial condition and then\nevolves through a universal state that does not only depend on the\ndimensionless velocity, but also on the instantaneous temperature, suitably\nrenormalized by its steady state value. We find excellent agreement between the\ntheoretical predictions at Boltzmann equation level for the one-particle\ndistribution function, and Direct Monte Carlo simulations. We conclude that at\nvariance with the homogeneous cooling phenomenology, the velocity statistics\nshould not be envisioned as a single-parameter, but as a two-parameter scaling\nform, keeping track of the distance to stationarity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strong Frequency Dependence in Over-damped Systems: Strong frequency dependence is unlikely in diffusive or over-damped systems.\nWhen exceptions do occur, such as in the case of stochastic resonance, it\nsignals an interesting underlying phenomenon. We find that such a case appears\nin the motion of a particle in a diffusive environment under the effect of\nperiodically oscillating retarded force emanating from the boundaries. The\namplitude for the expectation value of position has an oscillating frequency\ndependence, quite unlike a typical resonance. We first present an analysis of\nthe associated Fokker-Planck equation, then report the results of a Monte Carlo\nsimulation of the effect of a periodic perturbation on a totally asymmetric\nsimple exclusion process (TASEP) model with single species. This model is known\nto exhibit a randomly moving shock profile, dynamics of which is a discrete\nrealization of the Fokker-Planck equation. Comparison of relevant quantities\nfrom the two analyses indicate that the same phenomenon is apparent in both\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Charge Fluctuations in Finite Coulomb Systems: When described in a grand canonical ensemble, a finite Coulomb system\nexhibits charge fluctuations. These fluctuations are studied in the case of a\nclassical (i.e. non-quantum) system with no macroscopic average charge.\nAssuming the validity of macroscopic electrostatics gives, on a\nthree-dimensional finite large conductor of volume $V$, a mean square charge\n$<Q^2>$ which goes as $V^{1/3}$. More generally, in a short-circuited capacitor\nof capacitance $C$, made of two conductors, the mean square charge on one\nconductor is $<Q^2>=TC$, where $T$ is the temperature and $C$ the capacitance\nof the capacitor. The case of only one conductor in the grand canonical\nensemble is obtained by removing the other conductor to infinity. The general\nformula is checked in the weak-coupling (Debye-H\\\"uckel) limit for a spherical\ncapacitor. For two-dimensional Coulomb systems (with logarithmic interactions),\nthere are exactly solvable models which reveal that, in some cases, macroscopic\nelectrostatics is not applicable even for large conductors. This is when the\ncharge fluctuations involve only a small number of particles. The mean square\ncharge on one two-dimensional system alone, in the grand canonical ensemble, is\nexpected to be, at most, one squared elementary charge."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Propagation on networks: an exact alternative perspective: By generating the specifics of a network structure only when needed\n(on-the-fly), we derive a simple stochastic process that exactly models the\ntime evolution of susceptible-infectious dynamics on finite-size networks. The\nsmall number of dynamical variables of this birth-death Markov process greatly\nsimplifies analytical calculations. We show how a dual analytical description,\ntreating large scale epidemics with a Gaussian approximations and small\noutbreaks with a branching process, provides an accurate approximation of the\ndistribution even for rather small networks. The approach also offers important\ncomputational advantages and generalizes to a vast class of systems.",
        "positive": "Transition from diffusive to ballistic dynamics for a class of finite\n  quantum models: The transport of excitation probabilities amongst weakly coupled subunits is\ninvestigated for a class of finite quantum systems. It is demonstrated that the\ndynamical behavior of the transported quantity depends on the considered length\nscale, e. g., the introduced distinction between diffusive and ballistic\ntransport appears to be a scale-dependent concept, especially since a\ntransition from diffusive to ballistic behavior is found in the limit of small\nas well as in the limit of large length scales. All these results are derived\nby an application of the time-convolutionless projection operator technique and\nare verified by the numerical solution of the full time-dependent Schroedinger\nequation which is obtained by exact diagonalization for a range of model\nparameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evaluation of Boltzmann's H-function for Particles with Orientational\n  Degrees of Freedom: Boltzmann's H-function H(t) holds a venerable place in the history of\nscience. However, it seems never to have been evaluated for particles with\norientational degrees of freedom. We generalize Boltzmann's H-function to a gas\nof molecules that can both rotate and translate and on collision exchange both\nmomentum and angular momentum, obeying conservation laws. We evaluate the time\n(t) evolution of single-particle joint probability distribution f (p, L, t) for\nlinear (p) and angular (L) momenta from an initial nonequilibrium state by\nmolecular dynamics simulations. We consider both prolate and oblate-shaped\nparticles, interacting by well-known Gay-Berne potential that depends both on\nposition and orientation vectors. We calculate the relaxation of the\ngeneralized molecular H(t) from several initial (t=0) nonequilibrium states. In\nthe long-time limit, the H function saturates to its exact equilibrium value,\nwhich is the sum of translational and rotational contributions to the\nrespective entropies. Both the translational and rotational components of H(t)\ndecay nearly exponentially with time; the rotational component is more\nsensitive to the molecular shape that enters through the aspect ratio. A\nremarkable rapid decrease in the rotational relaxation time is observed as the\nspherical limit is approached, in a way tantalizingly reminiscent of Hu-Zwanzig\nhydrodynamic prediction with slip boundary condition. Additionally, we obtain\nH(t) analytically by solving the appropriate translational and rotational\nFokker-Planck equation and obtain a modest agreement with simulations. We\nobserve a remarkable signature of translation-rotation coupling as a function\nof molecular shape, captured through a physically meaningful differential term\nthat quantifies the magnitude of translation-rotation coupling.",
        "positive": "Entanglement entropy and conformal field theory: We review the conformal field theory approach to entanglement entropy. We\nshow how to apply these methods to the calculation of the entanglement entropy\nof a single interval, and the generalization to different situations such as\nfinite size, systems with boundaries, and the case of several disjoint\nintervals. We discuss the behaviour away from the critical point and the\nspectrum of the reduced density matrix. Quantum quenches, as paradigms of\nnon-equilibrium situations, are also considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation-dissipation relations under Levy noises: For systems close to equilibrium, the relaxation properties of measurable\nphysical quantities are described by the linear response theory and the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT). Accordingly, the response or the\ngeneralized susceptibility, which is a function of the unperturbed equilibrium\nsystem, can be related to the correlation between spontaneous fluctuations of a\ngiven conjugate variable. There have been several attempts to extend the FDT\nfar from equilibrium, introducing new terms or using effective temperatures.\nRecently, Prost, Joanny, and Parrondo [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 090601 (2009)]\nhave shown that the FDT can be restored far from equilibrium by choosing the\nappropriate variables conjugate to the external perturbations. Here, we apply\nthe generalized FDT to a system perturbed by time-dependent deterministic\nforces and acting under the influence of white alpha-stable noises.",
        "positive": "Heat conduction in a three dimensional anharmonic crystal: We perform nonequilibrium simulations of heat conduction in a three\ndimensional anharmonic lattice. By studying slabs of length N and width W, we\nexamine the cross-over from one-dimensional to three dimensional behavior of\nthe thermal conductivity. We find that for large N, the cross-over takes place\nat a small value of the aspect ratio W/N. From our numerical data we conclude\nthat the three dimensional system has a finite non-diverging thermal\nconductivity and thus provide the first verification of Fourier's law in a\nsystem without pinning."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover behavior in interface depinning: We study the crossover scaling behavior of the height-height correlation\nfunction in interface depinning in random media. We analyze experimental data\nfrom a fracture experiment and simulate an elastic line model with non-linear\ncouplings and disorder. Both exhibit a crossover between two different\nuniversality classes. For the experiment, we fit a functional form to the\nuniversal crossover scaling function. For the model, we vary the system size\nand the strength of the non-linear term, and describe the crossover between the\ntwo universality classes with a multiparameter scaling function. Our method\nprovides a general strategy to extract scaling properties in depinning systems\nexhibiting crossover phenomena.",
        "positive": "Full expectation value statistics for randomly sampled pure states in\n  high-dimensional quantum systems: We explore how the expectation values $\\langle\\psi |A| \\psi\\rangle$ of a\nlargely arbitrary observable $A$ are distributed when normalized vectors\n$|\\psi\\rangle$ are randomly sampled from a high dimensional Hilbert space. Our\nanalytical results predict that the distribution exhibits a very narrow peak of\napproximately Gaussian shape, while the tails significantly deviate from a\nGaussian behavior. In the important special case that the eigenvalues of $A$\nsatisfy Wigner's semicircle law, the expectation value distribution for\nasymptotically large dimensions is explicitly obtained in terms of a large\ndeviation function, which exhibits two symmetric non-analyticities akin to\ncritical points in thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An \\emph{ab initio} method for locating characteristic potential energy\n  minima of liquids: It is possible in principle to probe the many--atom potential surface using\ndensity functional theory (DFT). This will allow us to apply DFT to the\nHamiltonian formulation of atomic motion in monatomic liquids [\\textit{Phys.\nRev. E} {\\bf 56}, 4179 (1997)]. For a monatomic system, analysis of the\npotential surface is facilitated by the random and symmetric classification of\npotential energy valleys. Since the random valleys are numerically dominant and\nuniform in their macroscopic potential properties, only a few quenches are\nnecessary to establish these properties. Here we describe an efficient\ntechnique for doing this. Quenches are done from easily generated \"stochastic\"\nconfigurations, in which the nuclei are distributed uniformly within a\nconstraint limiting the closeness of approach. For metallic Na with atomic pair\npotential interactions, it is shown that quenches from stochastic\nconfigurations and quenches from equilibrium liquid Molecular Dynamics (MD)\nconfigurations produce statistically identical distributions of the structural\npotential energy. Again for metallic Na, it is shown that DFT quenches from\nstochastic configurations provide the parameters which calibrate the\nHamiltonian. A statistical mechanical analysis shows how the underlying\npotential properties can be extracted from the distributions found in quenches\nfrom stochastic configurations.",
        "positive": "Structure of Stochastic Dynamics near Fixed Points: We analyze the structure of stochastic dynamics near either a stable or\nunstable fixed point, where force can be approximated by linearization. We find\nthat a cost function that determines a Boltzmann-like stationary distribution\ncan always be defined near it. Such a stationary distribution does not need to\nsatisfy the usual detailed balance condition, but might have instead a\ndivergence-free probability current. In the linear case the force can be split\ninto two parts, one of which gives detailed balance with the diffusive motion,\nwhile the other induces cyclic motion on surfaces of constant cost function.\nUsing the Jordan transformation for the force matrix, we find an explicit\nconstruction of the cost function. We discuss singularities of the\ntransformation and their consequences for the stationary distribution. This\nBoltzmann-like distribution may be not unique, and nonlinear effects and\nboundary conditions may change the distribution and induce additional currents\neven in the neighborhood of a fixed point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase behaviour and thermodynamic anomalies of core-softened fluids: We report extensive simulation studies of phase behaviour in single component\nsystems of particles interacting via a core-softened interparticle potential.\nTwo recently proposed examples of such potentials are considered; one in which\nthe hard core exhibits a shoulder, (Sadr-Lahijany et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81,\n4895 (1998)) and the other in which the softening takes the form of a linear\nramp (Jagla, Phys. Rev. E63, 061501 (2001)). Using a combination of\nstate-of-the-art Monte Carlo methods, we obtain the gas, liquid and solid phase\nbehaviour of the shoulder model in two dimensions. We then focus on the\nthermodynamic anomalies of the liquid phase, namely maxima in the density and\ncompressibility as a function of temperature. Analysis of the finite-size\nbehaviour of these maxima suggests that, rather than stemming from a metastable\nliquid-liquid critical point, as previously supposed, they are actually induced\nby the quasi-continuous nature of the two dimensional freezing transition. For\nthe ramp model in three dimensions, we confirm the existence of a stable\nliquid-liquid (\"second\") critical point occurring at higher pressure and lower\ntemperature than the liquid-gas critical point. Both these critical points and\nportions of their associated coexistence curves are located to high precision.\nIn contrast to the shoulder model, the observed thermodynamic anomalies of this\nmodel are found to be authentic, i.e. they are not engendered by an incipient\nnew phase. We trace the locus of density and compressibility maxima, the former\nof which appears to converge on the second critical point.",
        "positive": "Phenomenological glass model for vibratory granular compaction: A model for weakly excited granular media is derived by combining the free\nvolume argument of Nowak et al. [Phys. Rev. E 57, 1971 (1998)] and the\nphenomenological model for supercooled liquids of Adam and Gibbs [J. Chem.\nPhys. 43, 139 (1965)]. This is made possible by relating the granular\nexcitation parameter \\Gamma, defined as the peak acceleration of the driving\npulse scaled by gravity, to a temperature-like parameter \\eta(\\Gamma). The\nresulting master equation is formally identical to that of Bouchaud's trap\nmodel for glasses [J. Phys. I 2, 1705 (1992)]. Analytic and simulation results\nare shown to compare favourably with a range of known experimental behaviour.\nThis includes the logarithmic densification and power spectrum of fluctuations\nunder constant \\eta, the annealing curve when \\eta is varied cyclically in\ntime, and memory effects observed for a discontinuous shift in \\eta. Finally,\nwe discuss the physical interpretation of the model parameters and suggest\nfurther experiments for this class of systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Signatures of many-body localisation in a system without disorder and\n  the relation to a glass transition: We study a quantum spin system with local bilinear interactions and without\nquenched disorder which seems to display characteristic signatures of a\nmany-body localisation (MBL) transition. From direct diagonalisation of small\nsystems, we find a change in certain dynamical and spectral properties at a\ncritical value of a coupling, from those characteristic of a thermalising phase\nto those characteristic of a MBL phase. The system we consider is known to have\na quantum phase transition in its ground-state in the limit of large size,\nrelated to a first-order active-to-inactive phase transition in the stochastic\ntrajectories of an associated classical model of glasses. Our results here\nsuggest that this transition is present throughout the spectrum of the system\nin the large size limit. These findings may help understand the connection\nbetween MBL and structural glass transitions.",
        "positive": "Extension of the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem: Lieb, Schultz and Mattis (LSM) studied the S=1/2 XXZ spin chain. Theorems of\nLSM's paper can be applied to broader models. In the original LSM theorem it\nwas assumed the nonfrustrating system. However, reconsidering the LSM theorem,\nwe can extend the LSM theorem for frustrating systems.\n  Next, several researchers have tried to extend the LSM theorem for excited\nstates. In the cases $S^{z}_{T} = \\pm 1,\\pm 2 \\cdots$, the lowest energy\neigenvalues are continuous for wave number $q$. But we find that their proofs\nare insufficient, and we improve them.\n  In addition, we can prove the LSM theory without the assumption of the\ndiscrete symmetry, which means that the LSM type theorems are applicable for\nDzyaloshinskii-Moriya type interactions or other nonsymmetric models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy rectification in active gyroscopic networks under time-periodic\n  modulations: Combinations of gyroscopic forces and nonequilibrium activity has been\nexplored recently in rectifying energy in networks with complex geometries and\ntopologies [Phys. Rev. X 10, 021036]. Based on this previous work, here we\nstudy the effect of added time-periodic modulations. Numerical calculations\nshow that the time-modulated network generates net energy transport between\nsites and the surroundings, even in the absence of any temperature gradients.\nCombining path integral formulation and diagrammatic expansion, we explain how\nsuch anomalous energy transport emerges, and show how the transport pattern in\ncomplex networks can be connected to relatively simple local structures.",
        "positive": "Classical orbital paramagnetism in non-equilibrium steady state: We report the results of our numerical simulation of classical-dissipative\ndynamics of a charged particle subjected to a non-markovian stochastic forcing.\nWe find that the system develops a steady-state orbital magnetic moment in the\npresence of a static magnetic field. Very significantly, the sign of the\norbital magnetic moment turns out to be {\\it paramagnetic} for our choice of\nparameters, varied over a wide range. This is shown specifically for the case\nof classical dynamics driven by a Kubo-Anderson type non-markovian noise.\nNatural spatial boundary condition was imposed through (1) a soft (harmonic)\nconfining potential, and (2) a hard potential, approximating a reflecting wall.\nThere was no noticeable qualitative difference. What appears to be crucial to\nthe orbital magnetic effect noticed here is the non-markovian property of the\ndriving noise chosen. Experimental realization of this effect on the laboratory\nscale, and its possible implications are briefly discussed. We would like to\nemphasize that the above steady-state classical orbital paramagnetic moment\ncomplements, rather than contradicts the Bohr-van Leeuwen (BvL) theorem on the\nabsence of classical orbital diamagnetism in thermodynamic equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical, crossover, and correction-to-scaling exponents for isotropic\n  Lifshitz points to order $\\boldsymbol{(8-d)^2}$: A two-loop renormalization group analysis of the critical behaviour at an\nisotropic Lifshitz point is presented. Using dimensional regularization and\nminimal subtraction of poles, we obtain the expansions of the critical\nexponents $\\nu$ and $\\eta$, the crossover exponent $\\phi$, as well as the\n(related) wave-vector exponent $\\beta_q$, and the correction-to-scaling\nexponent $\\omega$ to second order in $\\epsilon_8=8-d$. These are compared with\nthe authors' recent $\\epsilon$-expansion results [{\\it Phys. Rev. B} {\\bf 62}\n(2000) 12338; {\\it Nucl. Phys. B} {\\bf 612} (2001) 340] for the general case of\nan $m$-axial Lifshitz point. It is shown that the expansions obtained here by a\ndirect calculation for the isotropic ($m=d$) Lifshitz point all follow from the\nlatter upon setting $m=8-\\epsilon_8$. This is so despite recent claims to the\ncontrary by de Albuquerque and Leite [{\\it J. Phys. A} {\\bf 35} (2002) 1807].",
        "positive": "Bistable phase control via rocking in a nonlinear electronic oscillator: We experimentally demonstrate the effective rocking of a nonlinear electronic\ncircuit operating in a periodic regime. Namely, we show that driving a Chua\ncircuit with a periodic signal, whose phase alternates (also periodically) in\ntime, we lock the oscillation frequency of the circuit to that of the driving\nsignal, and its phase to one of two possible values shifted by pi, and lying\nbetween the alternating phases of the input signal. In this way, we show that a\nrocked nonlinear oscillator displays phase bistability. We interpret the\nexperimental results via a theoretical analysis of rocking on a simple\noscillator model, based on a normal form description (complex Landau equation)\nof the rocked Hopf bifurcation"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fidelity approach to quantum phase transitions: finite size scaling for\n  quantum Ising model in a transverse field: We analyze the scaling parameter, extracted from the fidelity for two\ndifferent ground states, for the one-dimensional quantum Ising model in a\ntransverse field near the critical point. It is found that, in the\nthermodynamic limit, the scaling parameter is singular, and the derivative of\nits logarithmic function with respect to the transverse field strength is\nlogarithmically divergent at the critical point. The scaling behavior is\nconfirmed numerically by performing a finite size scaling analysis for systems\nof different sizes, consistent with the conformal invariance at the critical\npoint. This allows us to extract the correlation length critical exponent,\nwhich turns out to be universal in the sense that the correlation length\ncritical exponent does not depend on either the anisotropic parameter or the\ntransverse field strength.",
        "positive": "1-d gravity in infinite point distributions: The dynamics of infinite, asymptotically uniform, distributions of\nself-gravitating particles in one spatial dimension provides a simple toy model\nfor the analogous three dimensional problem. We focus here on a limitation of\nsuch models as treated so far in the literature: the force, as it has been\nspecified, is well defined in infinite point distributions only if there is a\ncentre of symmetry (i.e. the definition requires explicitly the breaking of\nstatistical translational invariance). The problem arises because naive\nbackground subtraction (due to expansion, or by \"Jeans' swindle\" for the static\ncase), applied as in three dimensions, leaves an unregulated contribution to\nthe force due to surface mass fluctuations. Following a discussion by\nKiessling, we show that the problem may be resolved by defining the force in\ninfinite point distributions as the limit of an exponentially screened pair\ninteraction. We show that this prescription gives a well defined (finite) force\nacting on particles in a class of perturbed infinite lattices, which are the\npoint processes relevant to cosmological N-body simulations. For identical\nparticles the dynamics of the simplest toy model is equivalent to that of an\ninfinite set of points with inverted harmonic oscillator potentials which\nbounce elastically when they collide. We discuss previous results in the\nliterature, and present new results for the specific case of this simplest\n(static) model starting from \"shuffled lattice\" initial conditions. These show\nqualitative properties (notably its \"self-similarity\") of the evolution very\nsimilar to those in the analogous simulations in three dimensions, which in\nturn resemble those in the expanding universe."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A model for motor-mediated bidirectional transport along an antipolar\n  microtubule bundle: Long-distance bidirectional transport of organelles depends on the motor\nproteins kinesin and dynein. Using quantitative data obtained from a fungal\nmodel system, we previously developed ASEP-models of bidirectional motion of\nmotors along unipolar microtubules (MTs) near the cell ends of the elongated\nhyphal cells (herein referred as \"unipolar section\"). However, recent\nquantitative live cell imaging in this system has demonstrated that long-range\nmotility of motors and their endosomal cargo mainly occurs along extended\nantipolar microtubule bundles within the central part of the cell (herein\nreferred to as \"bipolar section\"). Dynein and kinesin-3 motors coordinate their\nactivity to move early endosomes (EEs) in a bidirectional fashion, with dynein\nmediating retrograde motility along the unipolar section near the cell poles,\nwhereas kinesin-3 is responsible for bidirectional motions along the antipolar\nsection. Here we extend our modelling approach to simulate bidirectional\nmotility along an antipolar microtubule bundle. In our model, cargos\n(particles) change direction on each MT with a turning rate $\\Omega$ and the\nMTs are linked to each other at the minus ends where particles can hop between\nMTs with a rate $q_1$ (obstacle-induced switching rate) or $q_2$ (end-induced\nswitching rate). By numerical simulations and mean-field approximations, we\ninvestigate the distribution of particles along the MTs for different overall\ndensities $\\Theta$. We find that even if $\\Theta$ is low, the system can\nexhibit shocks in the density profiles near plus and minus ends caused by\nqueueing of particles. We also discuss how the switching rates $q_{1,2}$\ninfluence the type of motor that dominates the active transport in the bundle.",
        "positive": "Vortex condensate and critical exponents in the $(2+1)$-dimensional\n  $\\mathrm{O}(2)$ model: The vortex in the $(2+1)$-dimensional $\\mathrm{O}(2)$ model is studied via\nnumerical simulations in a fully non-perturbative lattice regularization. We\ncompute the vortex condensate and susceptibility to determine its critical\nexponents and a renormalized condensate in the continuum limit. Together with\nrecent results on the vortex mass, this gives a complete picture of the scaling\nbehaviour of the vortex operator in this model and sheds light on the\nstatistical mechanics of topological excitations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-lattice expansion for Ising models on quasiperiodic tilings: Low-temperature series are calculated for the free energy, magnetisation,\nsusceptibility and field-derivatives of the susceptibility in the Ising model\non the quasiperiodic Penrose lattice. The series are computed to order 20 and\nestimates of the critical exponents alpha, beta and gamma are obtained from\nPade approximants.",
        "positive": "The Interplay between Frustration and Entanglement in Many-Body Systems: Frustration of classical many-body systems can be used to distinguish\nferromagnetic interactions from anti-ferromagnetic ones via the Toulouse\nconditions. A quantum version of the Toulouse conditions provides a similar\nclassification based on the local ground states. We compute the global ground\nstates for a family of models with Heisenberg-like interactions and analyse\ntheir behaviour with respect to frustration, entanglement and degeneracy. For\nthat we develop analytical and numerical analysing tools capable to quantify\nthe interplay between those three quantities. We find that the quantum Toulouse\nconditions provide a proper classification, however, refinements can be found.\nOur results show how the different local ground states affect the interplay and\npave the way for further generalisation and possible applications to other\nquantum many-body systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An Equilibrium for Frustrated Quantum Spin Systems in the Stochastic\n  State Selection Method: We develop a new method to calculate eigenvalues in frustrated quantum spin\nmodels. It is based on the stochastic state selection (SSS) method, which is an\nunconventional Monte Carlo technique we have investigated in recent years. We\nobserve that a kind of equilibrium is realized under some conditions when we\nrepeatedly operate a Hamiltonian and a random choice operator, which is defined\nby stochastic variables in the SSS method, to a trial state. In this\nequilibrium, which we call the SSS equilibrium, we can evaluate the lowest\neigenvalue of the Hamiltonian using the statistical average of the\nnormalization factor of the generated state.\n  The SSS equilibrium itself has been already observed in un-frustrated models.\nOur study in this paper shows that we can also see the equilibrium in\nfrustrated models, with some restriction on values of a parameter introduced in\nthe SSS method. As a concrete example, we employ the spin-1/2 frustrated J1-J2\nHeisenberg model on the square lattice. We present numerical results on the\n20-, 32-, 36-site systems, which demonstrate that statistical averages of the\nnormalization factors reproduce the known exact eigenvalue in good precision.\n  Finally we apply the method to the 40-site system. Then we obtain the value\nof the lowest energy eigenvalue with an error less than 0.2%.",
        "positive": "Bounding Variance and Skewness of Fluctuations in Nonlinear Mesoscopic\n  Systems with Stochastic Thermodynamics: Fluctuations arising in nonlinear dissipative systems (diode, transistors,\nchemical reaction, etc.) subject to an external drive (voltage, chemical\npotential, etc.) are well known to elude any simple characterization such as\nthe fluctuation-dissipation theorem (also called Johnson-Nyquist law, or\nEinstein's law in specific contexts). Using results from stochastic\nthermodynamics, we show that the variance of these fluctuations exceeds the\nvariance predicted by a suitably extended version of Johnson-Nyquist's formula,\nby an amount that is controlled by the skewness (third moment) of the\nfluctuations. As a consequence, symmetric fluctuations necessarily obey the\nextended Johnson-Nyquist formula. This shows the physical inconsistency of\nGaussian approximation for the noise arising in some nonlinear models, such as\nMOS transistors or chemical reactions. More generally, this suggests the need\nfor a stochastic nonlinear systems theory that is compatible with the teachings\nof thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A kinetic model for the finite-time thermodynamics of small heat engines: We study a molecular engine constituted by a gas of $N \\sim 10^2$ molecules\nenclosed between a massive piston and a thermostat. The force acting on the\npiston and the temperature of the thermostat are cyclically changed with a\nfinite period $\\tau$. In the adiabatic limit $\\tau \\to \\infty$, even for finite\nsize $N$, the average work and heats reproduce the thermodynamic values,\nrecovering the Carnot result for the efficiency. The system exhibits a stall\ntime $\\tau^*$ where net work is zero: for $\\tau<\\tau^*$ it consumes work\ninstead of producing it, acting as a refrigerator or as a heat sink. At\n$\\tau>\\tau^*$ the efficiency at maximum power is close to the Curzorn-Ahlborn\nlimit. The fluctuations of work and heat display approximatively a Gaussian\nbehavior. Based upon kinetic theory, we develop a three-variables Langevin\nmodel where the piston's position and velocity are linearly coupled together\nwith the internal energy of the gas. The model reproduces many of the system's\nfeatures, such as the inversion of the work's sign, the efficiency at maximum\npower and the approximate shape of fluctuations. A further simplification in\nthe model allows to compute analytically the average work, explaining its\nnon-trivial dependence on $\\tau$.",
        "positive": "Functional Bethe ansatz methods for the open XXX chain: We study the spectrum of the integrable open XXX Heisenberg spin chain\nsubject to non-diagonal boundary magnetic fields. The spectral problem for this\nmodel can be formulated in terms of functional equations obtained by separation\nof variables or, equivalently, from the fusion of transfer matrices. For\ngeneric boundary conditions the eigenvalues cannot be obtained from the\nsolution of finitely many algebraic Bethe equations. Based on careful finite\nsize studies of the analytic properties of the underlying hierarchy of transfer\nmatrices we devise two approaches to analyze the functional equations. First we\nintroduce a truncation method leading to Bethe type equations determining the\nenergy spectrum of the spin chain. In a second approach the hierarchy of\nfunctional equations is mapped to an infinite system of non-linear integral\nequations of TBA type. The two schemes have complementary ranges of\napplicability and facilitate an efficient numerical analysis for a wide range\nof boundary parameters. Some data are presented on the finite size corrections\nto the energy of the state which evolves into the antiferromagnetic ground\nstate in the limit of parallel boundary fields."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conformal Curves in Potts Model: Numerical Calculation: We calculated numerically the fractal dimension of the boundaries of the\nFortuin-Kasteleyn clusters of the $q$-state Potts model for integer and\nnon-integer values of $q$ on the square lattice.\n  In addition we calculated with high accuracy the fractal dimension of the\nboundary points of the same clusters on the square domain. Our calculation\nconfirms that this curves can be described by SLE$_{\\kappa}$.",
        "positive": "Absorbing State Phase Transition with Clifford Circuits: The role of quantum fluctuations in modifying the critical behavior of\nnon-equilibrium phase transitions is a fundamental but unsolved question. In\nthis study, we examine the absorbing state phase transition of a 1D chain of\nqubits undergoing a contact process that involves both coherent and classical\ndynamics. We adopt a discrete-time quantum model with states that can be\ndescribed in the stabilizer formalism, and therefore allows for an efficient\nsimulation of large system sizes. The extracted critical exponents indicate\nthat the absorbing state phase transition of this Clifford circuit model\nbelongs to the directed percolation universality class. This suggests that the\ninclusion of quantum fluctuations does not necessarily alter the critical\nbehavior of non-equilibrium phase transitions of purely classical systems.\nFinally, we extend our analysis to a non-Clifford circuit model, where a\ntentative scaling analysis in small systems reveals critical exponents that are\nalso consistent with the directed percolation universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shared information in classical mean-field models: Universal scaling of entanglement estimators of critical quantum systems has\ndrawn a lot of attention in the past. Recent studies indicate that similar\nuniversal properties can be found for bipartite information estimators of\nclassical systems near phase transitions, opening a new direction in the study\nof critical phenomena. We explore this subject by studying the information\nestimators of classical spin chains with general mean-field interactions. In\nour explicit analysis of two different bipartite information estimators in the\ncanonical ensemble we find that, away from criticality both the estimators\nremain finite in the thermodynamic limit. On the other hand, along the critical\nline there is a logarithmic divergence with increasing system-size. The\ncoefficient of the logarithm is fully determined by the mean-field interaction\nand it is the same for the class of models we consider. The scaling function,\nhowever, depends on the details of each model. In addition, we study the\ninformation estimators in the micro-canonical ensemble, where they are shown to\nexhibit a different universal behavior. We verify our results using numerical\ncalculations of two specific cases of the general Hamiltonian.",
        "positive": "Flocking and reorientation transition in the 4-state active Potts model: We study the active 4-state Potts model (APM) on the square lattice in which\nactive particles have four internal states corresponding to the four directions\nof motion. A local alignment rule inspired by the ferromagnetic 4-state Potts\nmodel and self-propulsion via biased diffusion according to the internal\nparticle states leads to flocking at high densities and low noise. We compute\nthe phase diagram of the APM and explore the flocking dynamics in the region,\nin which the high-density (liquid) phase coexists with the low-density (gas)\nphase and forms a fluctuating band of coherently moving particles. As a\nfunction of the particle self-propulsion velocity, a novel reorientation\ntransition of the phase-separated profiles from transversal to longitudinal\nband motion is revealed, which is absent in the Vicsek model and the active\nIsing model. We further construct a coarse-grained hydrodynamic description of\nthe model which validates the results for the microscopic model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum virial expansion approach to thermodynamics of $^4$He adsorbates\n  in carbon nanotube materials: Interacting Bose gas in one dimension: I demonstrate that $^4$He adsorbates in carbon nanotube materials can be\ntreated as one-dimensional interacting gas of spinless bosons for temperatures\nbelow 8 K and for coverages such that all the adsorbates are in the groove\npositions of the carbon nanotube bundles. The effects of adsorbate-adsorbate\ninteractions are studied within the scheme of virial expansion approach. The\ntheoretical predictions for the specific heat of the interacting adsorbed gas\nare given.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of the entanglement spectrum in spin chains: We study the dynamics of the entanglement spectrum, that is the time\nevolution of the eigenvalues of the reduced density matrices after a\nbipartition of a one-dimensional spin chain. Starting from the ground state of\nan initial Hamiltonian, the state of the system is evolved in time with a new\nHamiltonian. We consider both instantaneous and quasi adiabatic quenches of the\nsystem Hamiltonian across a quantum phase transition. We analyse the Ising\nmodel that can be exactly solved and the XXZ for which we employ the\ntime-dependent density matrix renormalisation group algorithm. Our results show\nonce more a connection between the Schmidt gap, i.e. the difference of the two\nlargest eigenvalues of the reduced density matrix and order parameters, in this\ncase the spontaneous magnetisation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat transport in oscillator chains with long-range interactions coupled\n  to thermal reservoirs: We investigate thermal conduction in arrays of long-range interacting rotors\nand Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) oscillators coupled to two reservoirs at different\ntemperatures. The strength of the interaction between two lattice sites decays\nas a power $\\alpha$ of the inverse of their distance. We point out the\nnecessity of distinguishing between energy flows towards/from the reservoirs\nand those within the system. We show that energy flow between the reservoirs\noccurs via a direct transfer induced by long-range couplings and a diffusive\nprocess through the chain. To this aim, we introduce a decomposition of the\nsteady-state heat current that explicitly accounts for such direct transfer of\nenergy between the reservoir. For $0\\leq \\alpha<1$, the direct transfer term\ndominates, meaning that the system can be effectively described as a set of\noscillators each interacting with the thermal baths. Also, the heat current\nexchanged with the reservoirs depends on the size of the thermalised regions:\nin the case in which such size is proportional to the system size $N$, the\nstationary current is independent on $N$. For $\\alpha > 1$, heat transport\nmostly occurs through diffusion along the chain: for the rotors transport is\nnormal, while for FPU the data are compatible with an anomalous diffusion,\npossibly with an $\\alpha$ -dependent characteristic exponent.",
        "positive": "Logarithmic Corrections for Spin Glasses, Percolation and Lee-Yang\n  Singularities in Six Dimensions: We study analytically the logarithmic corrections to the critical exponents\nof the critical behavior of correlation length, susceptibility and specific\nheat for the temperature and the finite-size scaling behavior, for a generic\n$\\phi^3$ theory at its upper critical dimension (six). We have also computed\nthe leading correction to scaling as a function of the lattice size. We\ndistinguish the obtained formulas to the following special cases: percolation,\nLee-Yang (LY) singularities and $m$-component spin glasses. We have compared\nour results for the Ising spin glass case with numerical simulations finding a\nvery good agreement. Finally, and using the results obtained for the Lee-Yang\nsingularities in six dimensions, we have computed the logarithmic corrections\nto the singular part of the free energy for lattice animals in eight\ndimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Results for Average Cluster Numbers in Bond Percolation on Lattice\n  Strips: We present exact calculations of the average number of connected clusters per\nsite, $<k>$, as a function of bond occupation probability $p$, for the bond\npercolation problem on infinite-length strips of finite width $L_y$, of the\nsquare, triangular, honeycomb, and kagom\\'e lattices $\\Lambda$ with various\nboundary conditions. These are used to study the approach of $<k>$, for a given\n$p$ and $\\Lambda$, to its value on the two-dimensional lattice as the strip\nwidth increases. We investigate the singularities of $<k>$ in the complex $p$\nplane and their influence on the radii of convergence of the Taylor series\nexpansions of $<k>$ about $p=0$ and $p=1$.",
        "positive": "Modeling collective dislocation dynamics in ice single crystals: We propose a model to study the plasticity of ice single crystals by\nnumerical simulations. The model includes the long-range character of the\ninteraction among dislocations, as well as the possibility of mutual\nannihilation of these line defects characterized by its Burgers vector. A\nmultiplication mechanism representing the activation of Frank-Read sources due\nto dislocation pinning is also introduced in the model.\n  With our approach we are able to probe the dislocation patterns, which result\nfrom the dislocation dynamics. Furthermore, our results exhibit features\ncharacteristic of driven dynamic critical phenomena such as scaling behavior,\nand avalanche dynamics. Some of these results account for the experimental\nfindings reported for ice single crystals under creep deformation, like the\npower-law distributions of the acoustic emission intensity observed\nsistematically in experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological effects in ring polymers (II): Influence of persistence\n  length: The interplay of topological constraints and persistence length of ring\npolymers in their own melt is investigated by means of dynamical Monte Carlo\nsimulations of a three dimensional lattice model. We ask if the results are\nconsistent with an asymptotically regime where the rings behave like (compact)\n{\\em lattice animals} in a self-consistent network of topological constraints\nimposed by neighbouring rings. Tuning the persistence length provides an\nefficient route to increase the ring overlap required for this mean-field\npicture to hold: The {\\em effective} Flory exponent for the ring size decreases\ndown to $\\nu \\stackrel{<}{\\sim} 1/3$ with increasing persistence length.\nEvidence is provided for the emergence of one additional characteristic length\nscale $\\dtop \\propto N^0$, only weakly dependent on the persistence length and\nmuch larger than the excluded volume screening length $\\xi$. At distances\nlarger than \\dtop the conformational properties of the rings are governed by\nthe topological interactions, at smaller distances rings and their linear chain\ncounterparts become similar. (At distances smaller than $\\xi$ both\narchitectures are identical.) However, the crossover between both limits is\nintricate and broad as a detailed discussion of the local fractal dimension\n(e.g., obtained from the static structure factor) reveals.",
        "positive": "Universal behavior of site and bond percolation thresholds on regular\n  lattices with compact extended-range neighborhoods in 2 and 3 dimensions: Extended-range percolation on various regular lattices, including all eleven\nArchimedean lattices in two dimensions, and the simple cubic (SC),\nbody-centered cubic (BCC), and face-centered cubic (FCC) lattices in three\ndimensions, is investigated. In two dimensions, correlations between\ncoordination number $z$ and site thresholds $p_c$ for Archimedean lattices up\nto 10th nearest neighbors (NN) are seen by plotting $z$ versus $1/p_{c}$ and\n$z$ versus $-1/\\ln(1-p_c)$, using the data of d'Iribarne et al. [J. Phys. A\n32:2611, 1999] and others. The results show that all the plots overlap on a\nline with a slope consistent with the theoretically predicted asymptotic value\nof $zp_{c} \\sim 4 \\eta_c = 4.51235$, where $\\eta_c$ is the continuum threshold\nfor disks. In three dimensions, precise site and bond thresholds for BCC and\nFCC lattices with 2nd and 3rd NN, and bond thresholds for the SC lattice with\nup to the 13th NN, are obtained by Monte-Carlo simulations, using an efficient\nsingle-cluster growth method. For site percolation, the values of thresholds\nfor different types of lattices with compact neighborhoods also collapse\ntogether, and linear fitting is consistent with the predicted value of $zp_{c}\n\\sim 8 \\eta_c = 2.7351$, where $\\eta_c$ is the continuum threshold for spheres.\nFor bond percolation, Bethe-lattice behavior $p_c = 1/(z-1)$ is expected to\nhold for large $z$, and the finite-$z$ correction is confirmed to satisfy\n$zp_{c} - 1 \\sim a_{1}z^{-x}$, with $x=2/3$ for three dimensions as predicted\nby Frei and Perkins [Electron. J. Probab. 21:56, 2016] and by Xu et al. [Phys.\nRev. E, 103:022127, 2021]. Our analysis indicates that for compact\nneighborhoods, the asymptotic behavior of $zp_{c}$ is universal, depending only\nupon the dimension of the system and whether site or bond percolation, but not\nupon the type of lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shear Stress Correlations in Hard and Soft Sphere Fluids: The shear stress autocorrelation function has been studied recently by\nmolecular dynamics simulation using the 1/q^n potential for very large n. The\nresults are analyzed and interpreted here by comparing them to the shear stress\nresponse function for hard spheres. It is shown that the hard sphere response\nfunction has a singular contribution and that this is reproduced accurately by\nthe simulations for large n. A simple model for the stress autocorrelation\nfunction at finite n is proposed, based on the required hard sphere limiting\nform.",
        "positive": "New symmetries of the chiral Potts model: In this paper a hithertho unknown symmetry of the three-state chiral Potts\nmodel is found consisting of two coupled Temperley-Lieb algebras. From these we\ncan construct new superintegrable models. One realisation is in terms of a\nstaggered isotropic XY spin chain. Further we investigate the importance of the\nalgebra for the existence of mutually commuting charges. This leads us to a\nnatural generalisation of the boost-operator, which generates the charges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Nonequilibrium Work Generating Function for a Small Classical\n  System: We obtain the exact nonequilibrium work generating function (NEWGF), for a\nsmall system consisting of a massive Brownian particle connected to internal\nand external springs. The external work is provided to the system for a finite\ntime interval. The Jarzynski equality (JE), obtained in this case directly from\nthe NEWGF, is shown to be valid for the present model, in an exact way\nregardless of the rate of external work.",
        "positive": "Microscopic dynamics and Bose-Einstein condensation in liquid helium: We review fundamental problems involved in liquid theory including both\nclassical and quantum liquids. Understanding classical liquids involves\nexploring details of their microscopic dynamics and its consequences. Here, we\napply the same general idea to quantum liquids. We discuss momentum\ncondensation in liquid helium which is consistent with microscopic dynamics in\nliquids and high mobility of liquid atoms. We propose that mobile transit atoms\naccumulate in the finite-energy state where the transit speed is close to the\nspeed of sound. In this state, the transit energy is close to the zero-point\nenergy. In momentum space, the accumulation operates on a sphere with the\nradius set by interatomic spacing and corresponds to zero net momentum. We show\nthat this picture is supported by experiments, including the measured kinetic\nenergy of helium atoms below the superfluid transition and sharp peaks of\nscattered intensity at predicted energy. We discuss the implications of this\npicture including the macroscopic wave function and superfluidity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Polymer Winding Numbers and Quantum Mechanics: The winding of a single polymer in thermal equilibrium around a repulsive\ncylindrical obstacle is perhaps the simplest example of statistical mechanics\nin a multiply connected geometry. As shown by S.F. Edwards, this problem is\nclosely related to the quantum mechanics of a charged particle interacting with\na Aharonov-Bohm flux. In another development, Pollock and Ceperley have shown\nthat boson world lines in 2+1 dimensions with periodic boundary conditions,\nregarded as ring polymers on a torus, have a mean square winding number given\nby $<W^2> = 2n_s\\hbar^2/mk_BT$, where $m$ is the boson mass and $n_s$ is the\nsuperfluid number density. Here, we review the mapping of the statistical\nmechanics of polymers with constraints onto quantum mechanics, and show that\nthere is an interesting generalization of the Pollock-Ceperley result to\ndirected polymer melts interacting with a repulsive rod of radius $a$. When\ntranslated into boson language, the mean square winding number around the rod\nfor a system of size $R$ perpendicular to the rod reads $<W^2> =\n{n_s\\hbar^2\\over 2\\pi mk_BT}\\ln(R/a)$. This result is directly applicable to\nvortices in Type II superconductors in the presence of columnar defects. An\nexternal current passing through the rod couples directly to the winding number\nin this case.",
        "positive": "Confinement without boundaries: Anisotropic diffusion on the surface of\n  a cylinder: Densely packed systems of thermal particles in curved geometries are\nfrequently encountered in biological and microfluidic systems. In 2D systems,\nat sufficiently high surface coverage, diffusive motion is widely known to be\nstrongly affected by physical confinement, e.g., by the walls. In this Letter,\nwe explore the effects of confinement by shape, not rigid boundaries, on the\ndiffusion of particles by confining them to the surface of a cylinder. We find\nthat both the magnitude and the directionality of lateral diffusion is strongly\ninfluenced by the radius of the cylinder. An anisotropy between diffusion in\nthe longitudinal and circumferential direction of the cylinder develops. We\ndemonstrate that the origin of this effect lies in the fact that screw-like\npackings of mono- and oligodisperse discs on the surface of a cylinder induce\npreferential collective motions in the circumferential direction, but also show\nthat even in polydisperse systems lacking such order an intrinsic finite size\nconfinement effect increases diffusivity in the circumferential direction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-universal critical aging scaling in three-dimensional Heisenberg\n  antiferromagnets: We numerically investigate the stationary and non-equilibrium critical\ndynamics in three-dimensional isotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnets. Since the\nnon-conserved staggered magnetization couples dynamically to the conserved\nmagnetization density, we employ a hybrid simulation algorithm that combines\nreversible spin precession with relaxational Kawasaki spin exchange processes.\nWe measure the dynamic critical exponent and identify a suitable intermediate\ntime window to obtain the aging scaling exponents. Our results support an\nearlier renormalization group prediction: While the critical aging collapse\nexponent assumes a universal value, the associated temporal decay exponent in\nthe two-time spin autocorrelation function depends on the initial distribution\nof the conserved fields; here, specifically on the width of the initial spin\norientation distribution.",
        "positive": "Revising the universality class of the four-dimensional Ising model: The aim of this paper is to determine the behavior of the specific heat of\nthe 4-dimensional Ising model at the critical temperature, and via that\ndetermine if the Ising model and the $\\phi^4$-model belong to the same\nuniversality class in dimension 4. In order to do this we have carried out what\nis currently the largest scale simulations of the 4-dimensional Ising model,\nextending the lattices size up to $L=256$ and the number of samples per size by\nseveral orders of magnitude compared to earlier works, keeping track of data\nfor both the canonical and microcanonical ensembles. Our conclusion is that the\nIsing model has a bounded specific heat, while the $\\phi^4$-model is known to\nhave a logarithmic divergence at the critical point. Hence the two models\nbelong to distinct universality classes in dimension 4."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Schramm's formula for multiple loop-erased random walks: We revisit the computation of the discrete version of Schramm's formula for\nthe loop-erased random walk derived by Kenyon. The explicit formula in terms of\nthe Green function relies on the use of a complex connection on a graph, for\nwhich a line bundle Laplacian is defined. We give explicit results in the\nscaling limit for the upper half-plane, the cylinder and the Moebius strip.\nSchramm's formula is then extended to multiple loop-erased random walks.",
        "positive": "Maximum caliber is a general variational principle for nonequilibrium\n  statistical mechanics: There has been interest in finding a general variational principle for\nnon-equilibrium statistical mechanics. We give evidence that Maximum Caliber\n(Max Cal) is such a principle. Max Cal, a variant of Maximum Entropy, predicts\ndynamical distribution functions by maximizing a path entropy subject to\ndynamical constraints, such as average fluxes. We first show that Max Cal leads\nto standard near-equilibrium results -including the Green-Kubo relations,\nOnsager's reciprocal relations of coupled flows, and Prigogine's principle of\nminimum entropy production -in a way that is particularly simple. More\nimportantly, because Max Cal does not require any notion of 'local\nequilibrium', or any notion of entropy dissipation, or even any restriction to\nmaterial physics, it is more general than many traditional approaches. We\ndevelop some generalizations of the Onsager and Prigogine results that apply\narbitrarily far from equilibrium. Max Cal is not limited to materials and\nfluids; it also applies, for example, to flows and trafficking on networks more\nbroadly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Multispin Algorithm for the Kob-Andersen Stochastic Dynamics on\n  Regular Lattices: The aim of the paper is to propose an algorithm based on the Multispin Coding\ntechnique for the Kob-Andersen glassy dynamics. We first give motivations to\nspeed up the numerical simulation in the context of spin glass models [M.\nMezard, G. Parisi, M. Virasoro, Spin Glass Theory and Beyond (World Scientific,\nSingapore, 1987)], after defining the Markovian dynamics as in [W. Kob, H.C.\nAndersen, Phys. Rev. E 48, 4364 (1993)] as well as the related interesting\nobservables, we extend it to the more general framework of random regular\ngraphs, listing at the same time some known analytical results [C. Toninelli,\nG. Biroli, D.S. Fisher, J. Stat. Phys. 120, 167 (2005)]. The purpose of this\nwork is a dual one, firstly, we describe how bitwise operators can be used to\nbuild up the algorithm by carefully exploiting the way data are stored on a\ncomputer. Since it was first introduced [M. Creutz, L. Jacobs, C. Rebbi, Phys.\nRev. D 20, 1915 (1979), C. Rebbi, R.H. Swendsen, Phys. Rev. D 21, 4094 (1980)],\nthis technique has been widely used to perform Monte Carlo simulations for\nIsing and Potts spin systems, however, it can be successfully adapted to more\ncomplex systems in which microscopic parameters may assume boolean values.\nSecondly, we introduce a random graph in which a characteristic para- meter\nallows to tune the possible transition point. A consistent part is devoted to\nlisting the numerical results obtained by running numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "The 3-edge-colouring problem on the 4-8 and 3-12 lattices: We consider the problem of counting the number of 3-colourings of the edges\n(bonds) of the 4-8 lattice and the 3-12 lattice. These lattices are Archimedean\nwith coordination number 3, and can be regarded as decorated versions of the\nsquare and honeycomb lattice, respectively. We solve these edge-colouring\nproblems in the infinite-lattice limit by mapping them to other models whose\nsolution is known. The colouring problem on the 4-8 lattice is mapped to a\ncompletely packed loop model with loop fugacity n=3 on the square lattice,\nwhich in turn can be mapped to a six-vertex model. The colouring problem on the\n3-12 lattice is mapped to the same problem on the honeycomb lattice. The\n3-edge-colouring problems on the 4-8 and 3-12 lattices are equivalent to the\n3-vertex-colouring problems (and thus to the zero-temperature 3-state\nantiferromagnetic Potts model) on the \"square kagome\" (\"squagome\") and\n\"triangular kagome\" lattices, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random diffusivity processes in an external force field: Brownian yet non-Gaussian processes have recently been observed in numerous\nbiological systems and the corresponding theories have been built based on\nrandom diffusivity models. Considering the particularity of random diffusivity,\nthis paper studies the effect of an external force acting on two kinds of\nrandom diffusivity models whose difference is embodied in whether the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem is valid. Based on the two random diffusivity\nmodels, we derive the Fokker-Planck equations with an arbitrary external force,\nand analyse various observables in the case with a constant force, including\nthe Einstein relation, the moments, the kurtosis, and the asymptotic behaviors\nof the probability density function of particle's displacement at different\ntime scales. Both the theoretical results and numerical simulations of these\nobservables show significant difference between the two kinds of random\ndiffusivity models, which implies the important role of the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem in random diffusivity systems.",
        "positive": "The physical basis for Parrondo's games: Several authors have implied that the original inspiration for Parrondo's\ngames was a physical system called a ``flashing Brownian ratchet''. The\nrelationship seems to be intuitively clear but, surprisingly, has not yet been\nestablished with rigor. In this paper, we apply standard finite-difference\nmethods of numerical analysis to the Fokker-Planck equation. We derive a set of\nfinite difference equations and show that they have the same form as Parrondo's\ngames. Parrondo's games, are in effect, a particular way of sampling a\nFokker-Planck equation. Physical Brownian ratchets have been constructed and\nhave worked. It is hoped that the finite element method presented here will be\nuseful in the simulation and design of flashing Brownian ratchets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Continuum model for polymers with finite thickness: We consider the continuum limit of a recently-introduced model for\ndiscretized thick polymers, or tubes. We address both analytically and\nnumerically how the polymer thickness influences the decay of tangent-tangent\ncorrelations and find how the persistence length scales with the thickness and\nthe torsional rigidity of the tube centerline. At variance with the worm-like\nchain model, the phase diagram that we obtain for a continuous tube is richer;\nin particular, for a given polymer thickness there exists a threshold value for\nthe centerline torsional rigidity separating a simple exponential decay of the\ntangent-tangent correlation from an oscillatory one.",
        "positive": "Multipartite entanglement structure in the Eigenstate Thermalization\n  Hypothesis: We study the quantum Fisher information (QFI) and, thus, the multipartite\nentanglement structure of thermal pure states in the context of the Eigenstate\nThermalization Hypothesis (ETH). In both the canonical ensemble and the ETH,\nthe quantum Fisher information may be explicitly calculated from the response\nfunctions. In the case of ETH, we find that the expression of the QFI bounds\nthe corresponding canonical expression from above. This implies that although\naverage values and fluctuations of local observables are indistinguishable from\ntheir canonical counterpart, the entanglement structure of the state is starkly\ndifferent; with the difference amplified, e.g., in the proximity of a thermal\nphase transition. We also provide a state-of-the-art numerical example of a\nsituation where the quantum Fisher information in a quantum many-body system is\nextensive while the corresponding quantity in the canonical ensemble vanishes.\nOur findings have direct relevance for the entanglement structure in the\nasymptotic states of quenched many-body dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Negative differential response in chemical reactions: Reaction currents in chemical networks usually increase when increasing their\ndriving affinities. But far from equilibrium the opposite can also happen. We\nfind that such negative differential response (NDR) occurs in reaction schemes\nof major biological relevance, namely, substrate inhibition and autocatalysis.\nWe do so by deriving the full counting statistics of two minimal representative\nmodels using large deviation methods. We argue that NDR implies the existence\nof optimal affinities that maximize the robustness against environmental and\nintrinsic noise at intermediate values of dissipation. An analogous behavior is\nfound in dissipative self-assembly, for which we identify the optimal working\nconditions set by NDR.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics and the virial expansion for trapped fluids in arbitrary\n  external potentials: We present the full thermodynamics of a fluid confined by an arbitrary\nexternal potential based on the virial expansion of the grand potential. The\nfluid may be classical or quantum and it is assumed that interatomic\ninteractions are pairwise additive. We indicate how the appropriate\n\"generalized\" volume and pressure variables, that replace the usual volume and\nhydrostatic pressure, emerge for a given confining potential in the\nthermodynamic limit. A discussion of the physical meaning and of the\nmeasurement of these variables is presented. We emphasize that this treatment\nyields the correct equation of state of the fluid and we give its virial\nexpansion. We propose an experiment to measure the heat capacity, so that with\nthis quantity and the equation of state, the complete thermodynamics of the\nsystem may be extracted. As a corollary, we find that the so-called {\\it local\ndensity approximation} for these systems follows in the thermodynamic limit,\nalthough we also point out that it cannot be used indiscriminately for all\nlocal variables. Along the text we discuss the relevance of these findings in\nthe description of the currently confined ultracold gases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dielectric response of confined water films: Insights from classical DFT: We re-examine the problem of the dielectric response of highly polar liquids\nsuch as water in confinement between two walls using a simple two-variable\ndensity functional theory involving number and polarisation densities. In the\nlongitudinal polarisation case where a perturbing field is applied\nperpendicularly to the walls, we show that the notion of local dielectric\nconstant, although ill-defined at a microscopic level, makes sense when a\ncoarse-graining over the typical size of a particle is introduced. The approach\nmakes it possible to study the effective dielectric response of thin liquid\nfilms of various thicknesses in connection to the recent experiments of\n[Fumagalli et al. , Science, 2018, 360, 1339-1342], and to discuss the notion\ninterfacial dielectric constant. We argue that the observed properties as\nfunction of slab dimension, in particular the very low dielectric constants of\nthe order of 2-3 measured for thin slabs of 1 nm thickness do not highlight any\nspecial property of water but can be recovered for a generic polar solvent\nhaving similar particle size and the same high dielectric constant. Regarding\nthe transverse polarisation case where the perturbing field is parallel to the\nwalls, the associated effective dielectric constant as a function of the slab\ndimension reaches bulk-like values at much shorter widths than in the\nlongitudinal case.",
        "positive": "First-order phase transitions in non-equilibrium systems: New\n  perspectives: First-order irreversible phase transitions (IPT's) between an active regime\nand an absorbing state are studied in two models by means of both simulations\nand mean-field stability analysis. Hysteresis around coexistence is the result\nof the interplay of the length of the interface, its curvature, and a memory\neffect related to the phase which is being removed. A controversy on the\noccurrence of scale-invariance is clarified, conciliating the behavior of IPT's\nwith its reversible counterpart."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of pressure on the anomalous response functions of a confined\n  water monolayer at low temperature: We study a coarse-grained model for a water monolayer that cannot crystallize\ndue to the presence of confining interfaces, such as protein powders or\ninorganic surfaces. Using both Monte Carlo simulations and mean field\ncalculations, we calculate three response functions: the isobaric specific heat\n$C_P$, the isothermal compressibility $K_T$, and the isobaric thermal\nexpansivity $\\alpha_P$. At low temperature $T$, we find two distinct maxima in\n$C_P$, $K_T$ and $|\\alpha_P|$, all converging toward a liquid-liquid critical\npoint (LLCP) with increasing pressure $P$. We show that the maximum in $C_P$ at\nhigher $T$ is due to the fluctuations of hydrogen (H) bond formation and that\nthe second maximum at lower $T$ is due to the cooperativity among the H bonds.\nWe discuss a similar effect in $K_T$ and $|\\alpha_P|$. If this cooperativity\nwere not taken into account, both the lower-$T$ maximum and the LLCP would\ndisappear. However, comparison with recent experiments on water hydrating\nprotein powders provides evidence for the existence of the lower-$T$ maximum,\nsupporting the hypothesized LLCP at positive $P$ and finite $T$. The model also\npredicts that when $P$ moves closer to the critical $P$ the $C_P$ maxima move\ncloser in $T$ until they merge at the LLCP. Considering that other scenarios\nfor water are thermodynamically possible, we discuss how an experimental\nmeasurement of the changing separation in $T$ between the two maxima of $C_P$\nas $P$ increases could determine the best scenario for describing water.",
        "positive": "Universal phase boundary shifts for corner wetting and filling: The phase boundaries for corner wetting (filling) in square and diagonal\nlattice Ising models are exactly determined and show a universal shift relative\nto wetting near the bulk criticality. More generally, scaling theory predicts\nthat the filling phase boundary shift for wedges and cones is determined by a\nuniversal scaling function $R_d(\\psi)$ depending only on the opening angle\n$2\\psi$. $R_d(\\psi)$ is determined exactly in $d=2$ and approximately in higher\ndimensions using non-classical local functional and mean-field theory. Detailed\nnumerical transfer matrix studies of the the magnetisation profile in\nfinite-size Ising squares support the conjectured connection between filling\nand the strong-fluctuation regime of wetting."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shortcuts to adiabaticity from linear response theory: A shortcut to adiabaticity is a finite-time process that produces the same\nfinal state as would result from infinitely slow driving. We show that such\nshortcuts can be found for weak perturbations from linear response theory. With\nthe help of phenomenological response functions a simple expression for the\nexcess work is found -- quantifying the nonequilibrium excitations. For two\nspecific examples, the quantum parametric oscillator and the spin-1/2 in a\ntime-dependent magnetic field, we show that finite-time zeros of the excess\nwork indicate the existence of shortcuts. Finally, we propose a degenerate\nfamily of protocols, which facilitate shortcuts to adiabaticity for specific\nand very short driving times.",
        "positive": "Agreement dynamics on small-world networks: In this paper we analyze the effect of a non-trivial topology on the dynamics\nof the so-called Naming Game, a recently introduced model which addresses the\nissue of how shared conventions emerge spontaneously in a population of agents.\nWe consider in particular the small-world topology and study the convergence\ntowards the global agreement as a function of the population size $N$ as well\nas of the parameter $p$ which sets the rate of rewiring leading to the\nsmall-world network. As long as $p \\gg 1/N$ there exists a crossover time\nscaling as $N/p^2$ which separates an early one-dimensional-like dynamics from\na late stage mean-field-like behavior. At the beginning of the process, the\nlocal quasi one-dimensional topology induces a coarsening dynamics which allows\nfor a minimization of the cognitive effort (memory) required to the agents. In\nthe late stages, on the other hand, the mean-field like topology leads to a\nspeed up of the convergence process with respect to the one-dimensional case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-parametric fractional statistics models for anyons: In the paper, two-parametric models of fractional statistics are proposed in\norder to determine the functional form of the distribution function of free\nanyons. From the expressions of the second and third virial coefficients, an\napproximate correspondence is shown to hold for three models, namely, the\nnonextensive Polychronakos statistics and both the incomplete and the\nnonextensive modifications of the Haldane--Wu statistics. The difference occurs\nonly in the fourth virial coefficient leading to a small correction in the\nequation of state. For the two generalizations of the Haldane--Wu statistics,\nthe solutions for the statistics parameters $g,q$ exist in the whole domain of\nthe anyonic parameter $\\alpha\\in[0;1]$, unlike the nonextensive Polychronakos\nstatistics. It is suggested that the search for the expression of the anyonic\ndistribution function should be made within some modifications of the\nHaldane--Wu statistics.",
        "positive": "Time parameters and Lorentz transformations of relativistic stochastic\n  processes: Rules for the transformation of time parameters in relativistic Langevin\nequations are derived and discussed. In particular, it is shown that, if a\ncoordinate-time parameterized process approaches the relativistic\nJuttner-Maxwell distribution, the associated proper-time parameterized process\nconverges to a modified momentum distribution, differing by a factor\nproportional to the inverse energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-density effects in the Fredrickson-Andersen and Kob-Andersen\n  kinetically-constrained models: We calculate the corrections to the thermodynamic limit of the critical\ndensity for jamming in the Kob-Andersen and Fredrickson-Andersen\nkinetically-constrained models, and find them to be finite-density corrections,\nand not finite-size corrections. We do this by introducing a new numerical\nalgorithm, which requires negligible computer memory since contrary to\nalternative approaches, it generates at each point only the necessary data. The\nalgorithm starts from a single unfrozen site and at each step randomly\ngenerates the neighbors of the unfrozen region and checks whether they are\nfrozen or not. Our results correspond to systems of size greater than\n10^7x10^7, much larger than any simulated before, and are consistent with the\nrigorous bounds on the asymptotic corrections. We also find that the average\nnumber of sites that seed a critical droplet is greater than 1.",
        "positive": "Self-averaging in many-body quantum systems out of equilibrium. II.\n  Approach to the localized phase: The self-averaging behavior of interacting many-body quantum systems has been\nmostly studied at equilibrium. The present work addresses what happens out of\nequilibrium, as the increase of the strength of onsite disorder takes the\nsystem to the localized phase. We consider two local and two non-local\nquantities of great experimental and theoretical interest. In the delocalized\nphase, self-averaging depends on the observable and on the time scale, but the\npicture simplifies substantially when localization is reached. In the localized\nphase, the local observables become self-averaging at all times, while the\nnon-local quantities are throughout non-self-averaging. These behaviors are\nexplained and scaling analysis are provided using the $\\ell$-bits model and a\ntoy model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal energy-speed-accuracy trade-offs in driven nonequilibrium\n  systems: Physical systems driven away from equilibrium by an external controller\ndissipate heat to the environment; the excess entropy production in the thermal\nreservoir can be interpreted as a \"cost\" to transform the system in a finite\ntime. The connection between measure theoretic optimal transport and\ndissipative nonequilibrium dynamics provides a language for quantifying this\ncost and has resulted in a collection of \"thermodynamic speed limits\", which\nargue that the minimum dissipation of a transformation between two probability\ndistributions is directly proportional to the rate of driving. Thermodynamic\nspeed limits rely on the assumption that the target probability distribution is\nperfectly realized, which is almost never the case in experiments or numerical\nsimulations. Here, we address the ubiquitous situation in which the external\ncontroller is imperfect. As a consequence, we obtain a lower bound for the\ndissipated work in generic nonequilibrium control problems that 1) is\nasymptotically tight and 2) matches the thermodynamic speed limit in the case\nof optimal driving. We illustrate these bounds on analytically solvable\nexamples and also develop a strategy for optimizing minimally dissipative\nprotocols based on optimal transport flow matching, a generative machine\nlearning technique. This latter approach ensures the scalability of both the\ntheoretical and computational framework we put forth. Crucially, we demonstrate\nthat we can compute the terms in our bound numerically using efficient\nalgorithms from the computational optimal transport literature and that the\nprotocols that we learn saturate the bound.",
        "positive": "Exact short-time height distribution for the flat Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n  interface: We determine the exact short-time distribution $-\\ln\n\\mathcal{P}_{\\text{f}}\\left(H,t\\right)= S_{\\text{f}} \\left(H\\right)/\\sqrt{t}$\nof the one-point height $H=h(x=0,t)$ of an evolving 1+1 Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n(KPZ) interface for flat initial condition. This is achieved by combining (i)\nthe optimal fluctuation method, (ii) a time-reversal symmetry of the KPZ\nequation in 1+1 dimension, and (iii) the recently determined exact short-time\nheight distribution $-\\ln \\mathcal{P}_{\\text{st}}\\left(H,t\\right)=\nS_{\\text{st}} \\left(H\\right)/\\sqrt{t}$ for \\emph{stationary} initial condition.\nIn studying the large-deviation function $S_{\\text{st}} \\left(H\\right)$ of the\nlatter, one encounters two branches: an analytic and a non-analytic. The\nanalytic branch is non-physical beyond a critical value of $H$ where a\nsecond-order dynamical phase transition occurs. Here we show that, remarkably,\nit is the analytic branch of $S_{\\text{st}} \\left(H\\right)$ which determines\nthe large-deviation function $S_{\\text{f}} \\left(H\\right)$ of the flat\ninterface via a simple mapping\n$S_{\\text{f}}\\left(H\\right)=2^{-3/2}S_{\\text{st}}\\left(2H\\right)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-similarity degree of deformed statistical ensembles: We consider self-similar statistical ensembles with the phase space whose\nvolume is invariant under the deformation that squeezes (expands) the\ncoordinate and expands (squeezes) the momentum. Related probability\ndistribution function is shown to possess a discrete symmetry with respect to\nmanifold action of the Jackson derivative to be a homogeneous function with a\nself-similarity degree $q$ fixed by the condition of invariance under\n$(n+1)$-fold action of the dilatation operator related. In slightly deformed\nphase space, we find the homogeneous function is defined with the linear\ndependence at $n=0$, whereas the self-similarity degree equals the gold mean at\n$n=1$, and $q\\to n$ in the limit $n\\to\\infty$. Dilatation of the homogeneous\nfunction is shown to decrease the self-similarity degree $q$ at $n>0$.",
        "positive": "Introduction to the \"second quantization\" formalism for non-relativistic\n  quantum mechanics: A possible substitution for Sections 6.7 and 6.8 of\n  Feynman's \"Statistical Mechanics\": This is a self-contained and hopefully readable account on the method of\ncreation and annihilation operators (also known as the Fock space\nrepresentation or the \"second quantization\" formalism) for non-relativistic\nquantum mechanics of many particles. Assuming knowledge only on conventional\nquantum mechanics in the wave function formalism, we define the creation and\nannihilation operators, discuss their properties, and introduce corresponding\nrepresentations of states and operators of many-particle systems. As the title\nof the note suggests, we cover most topics treated in sections 6.7 and 6.8 of\nFeynman's \"Statistical Mechanics: A Set of Lectures\". As a preliminary, we also\ncarefully discuss the symmetry of wave functions describing indistinguishable\nparticles.\n  We note that all the contents of the present note are completely standard,\nand the definitions and the derivations presented here have been known to many.\nAlthough the style of the present note may be slightly more mathematical than\nstandard physics literatures, we do not try to achieve full mathematical\nrigor.(Note to experts: In particular we here DERIVE the (anti)commutation\nrelations of the creation and annihilation operators, rather than simply\ndeclaring them. In this sense our approach is quite close to that of Feynman's.\nBut we here focus on the action of creation/annihilation operators on general\n$N$ body wave functions, while Feynman makes a heavy use of\nSlater-determinant-type states from the beginning. We hope that our\npresentation provides a better perspective on the formalism.)"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Determining mean first-passage time on a class of treelike regular\n  fractals: Relatively general techniques for computing mean first-passage time (MFPT) of\nrandom walks on networks with a specific property are very useful, since a\nuniversal method for calculating MFPT on general graphs is not available\nbecause of their complexity and diversity. In this paper, we present techniques\nfor explicitly determining the partial mean first-passage time (PMFPT), i.e.,\nthe average of MFPTs to a given target averaged over all possible starting\npositions, and the entire mean first-passage time (EMFPT), which is the average\nof MFPTs over all pairs of nodes on regular treelike fractals. We describe the\nprocesses with a family of regular fractals with treelike structure. The\nproposed fractals include the $T$ fractal and the Peano basin fractal as their\nspecial cases. We provide a formula for MFPT between two directly connected\nnodes in general trees on the basis of which we derive an exact expression for\nPMFPT to the central node in the fractals. Moreover, we give a technique for\ncalculating EMFPT, which is based on the relationship between characteristic\npolynomials of the fractals at different generations and avoids the computation\nof eigenvalues of the characteristic polynomials. Making use of the proposed\nmethods, we obtain analytically the closed-form solutions to PMFPT and EMFPT on\nthe fractals and show how they scale with the number of nodes. In addition, to\nexhibit the generality of our methods, we also apply them to the Vicsek\nfractals and the iterative scale-free fractal tree and recover the results\npreviously obtained.",
        "positive": "Entanglement entropy growth in stochastic conformal field theory and the\n  KPZ class: We introduce a model of effective conformal quantum field theory in dimension\n$d=1+1$ coupled to stochastic noise, where Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) class\nfluctuations can be observed. The analysis of the quantum dynamics of the\nscaling operators reduces to the study of random trajectories in a random\nenvironment, modeled by Brownian vector fields. We use recent results on random\nwalks in random environments to calculate the time-dependent entanglement\nentropy of a subsystem interval, starting from a factorized state. We find that\nthe fluctuations of the entropy in the large deviation regime are governed by\nthe universal Tracy-Widom distribution. This enlarges the KPZ class, previously\nobserved in random circuit models, to a family of interacting many body quantum\nsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical exponents of plane meanders: Meanders form a set of combinatorial problems concerned with the enumeration\nof self-avoiding loops crossing a line through a given number of points, $n$.\nMeanders are considered distinct up to any smooth deformation leaving the line\nfixed. We use a recently developed algorithm, based on transfer matrix methods,\nto enumerate plane meanders. This allows us to calculate the number of closed\nmeanders up to $n=48$, the number of open meanders up to $n=43$, and the number\nof semi-meanders up to $n=45$. The analysis of the series yields accurate\nestimates of both the critical point and critical exponent, and shows that a\nrecent conjecture for the exact value of the semi-meander critical exponent is\nunlikely to be correct, while the conjectured exponent value for closed and\nopen meanders is not inconsistent with the results from the analysis.",
        "positive": "Aftershock sequences and seismic-like organization of acoustic events\n  produced by a single propagating crack: Brittle fractures of inhomogeneous materials like rocks, concrete, or\nceramics are of two types: Nominally brittle and driven by the propagation of a\nsingle dominant crack or quasi-brittle and resulting from the accumulation of\nmany microcracks. The latter goes along with acoustic noise, whose analysis has\nrevealed that events form aftershock sequences obeying characteristic laws\nreminiscent of those in seismology. Yet, their origin lacks explanation. Here\nwe show that such a statistical organization is not only specific to the\nmulti-cracking situations of quasi-brittle failure and seismology, but also\nrules the acoustic events produced by a propagating crack. This simpler\nsituation has permitted us to relate these laws to the overall scale-free\ndistribution of inter-event time and energy and to uncover their selection by\nthe crack speed. These results provide a comprehensive picture of how acoustic\nevents are organized upon material failure in the most fundamental of fracture\nstates: single propagating cracks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The effect of confinement on stochastic resonance in continuous bistable\n  systems: Using the input energy per cycle as a quantifier of stochastic resonance\n(SR), we show that SR is observed in superharmonic (hard) potentials. However,\nit is not observed in subharmonic (soft) potentials, even though the potential\nis bistable. These results are consistent with recent observations based on\namplitude of average position as a quantifier. In both soft and hard\npotentials, we observe resonance phenomenon as a function of the driving\nfrequency. The nature of probability distributions of average work are\nqualitatively different for soft and hard potentials.",
        "positive": "Graph equivalence and characterization via a continuous evolution of a\n  physical analog: A general novel approach mapping discrete, combinatorial, graph-theoretic\nproblems onto ``physical'' models - namely $n$ simplexes in $n-1$ dimensions -\nis applied to the graph equivalence problem. It is shown to solve this long\nstanding problem in polynomial, short, time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization group for renormalization-group equations toward the\n  universality classification of infinite-order phase transitions: We derive a new renormalization group to calculate a non-trivial critical\nexponent of the divergent correlation length which gives a universality\nclassification of essential singularities in infinite-order phase transitions.\nThis method resolves the problem of a vanishing scaling matrix. The exponent is\nobtained from the maximal eigenvalue of a scaling matrix in this\nrenormalization group, as in the case of ordinary second-order phase\ntransitions. We exhibit several nontrivial universality classes in\ninfinite-order transitions different from the well-known\nBerezinski\\u\\i-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition.",
        "positive": "Exact distributions of the number of distinct and common sites visited\n  by N independent random walkers: We study the number of distinct sites S_N(t) and common sites W_N(t) visited\nby N independent one dimensional random walkers, all starting at the origin,\nafter t time steps. We show that these two random variables can be mapped onto\nextreme value quantities associated to N independent random walkers. Using this\nmapping, we compute exactly their probability distributions P_N^d(S,t) and\nP_N^d(W,t) for any value of N in the limit of large time t, where the random\nwalkers can be described by Brownian motions. In the large N limit one finds\nthat S_N(t)/\\sqrt{t} \\propto 2 \\sqrt{\\log N} + \\widetilde{s}/(2 \\sqrt{\\log N})\nand W_N(t)/\\sqrt{t} \\propto \\widetilde{w}/N where \\widetilde{s} and\n\\widetilde{w} are random variables whose probability density functions (pdfs)\nare computed exactly and are found to be non trivial. We verify our results\nthrough direct numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation Theorem in Driven Nonthermal Systems with Quenched Disorder: We demonstrate that the fluctuation theorem of Gallavotti and Cohen can be\nused to characterize the class of dynamics that arises in nonthermal systems of\ncollectively interacting particles driven over random quenched disorder. By\nobserving the frequency of entropy-destroying trajectories, we show that there\nare specific dynamical regimes near depinning in which this theorem holds.\nHence the fluctuation theorem can be used to characterize a significantly wider\nclass of nonequilibrium systems than previously considered. We discuss how the\nfluctuation theorem could be tested in specific systems where noisy dynamics\nappear at the transition from a pinned to a moving phase such as in vortices in\ntype-II superconductors, magnetic domain walls, and dislocation dynamics.",
        "positive": "Two-point Correlations and Critical Line of the Driven Ising Lattice Gas\n  in a High Temperature Expansion: Based on a high temperature expansion, we compute the two-point correlation\nfunction and the critical line of an Ising lattice gas driven into a\nnon-equilibrium steady state by a uniform bias E. The lowest nontrivial order\nalready reproduces the key features, i.e., the discontinuity singularity of the\nstructure factor and the (qualitative) E-dependence of the critical line. Our\napproach is easily generalized to other non-equilibrium lattice models and\nprovides a simple analytic tool for the study of the high temperature phase and\nits boundaries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wang-Landau Algorithm: a Theoretical Analysis of the Saturation of the\n  Error: In this work we present a theoretical analysis of the convergence of the\nWang-Landau algorithm [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2050 (2001)] which was introduced\nyears ago to calculate the density of states in statistical models. We study\nthe dynamical behavior of the error in the calculation of the density of\nstates.We conclude that the source of the saturation of the error is due to the\ndecreasing variations of the refinement parameter. To overcome this limitation,\nwe present an analytical treatment in which the refinement parameter is scaled\ndown as a power law instead of exponentially. An extension of the analysis to\nthe N-fold way variation of the method is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Two-component Structure in the Entanglement Spectrum of Highly Excited\n  States: We study the entanglement spectrum of highly excited eigenstates of two known\nmodels that exhibit a many-body localization transition, namely the\none-dimensional random-field Heisenberg model and the quantum random energy\nmodel. Our results indicate that the entanglement spectrum shows a\n\"two-component\" structure: a universal part that is associated with random\nmatrix theory, and a nonuniversal part that is model dependent. The\nnon-universal part manifests the deviation of the highly excited eigenstate\nfrom a true random state even in the thermalized phase where the eigenstate\nthermalization hypothesis holds. The fraction of the spectrum containing the\nuniversal part decreases as one approaches the critical point and vanishes in\nthe localized phase in the thermodynamic limit. We use the universal part\nfraction to construct an order parameter for measuring the degree of randomness\nof a generic highly excited state, which is also a promising candidate for\nstudying the many-body localization transition. Two toy models based on\nRokhsar-Kivelson type wave functions are constructed and their entanglement\nspectra are shown to exhibit the same structure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-dimensional colored fluctuation-dissipation theorem for spin\n  systems: When nano-magnets are coupled to random external sources, their magnetization\nbecomes a random variable, whose properties are defined by an induced\nprobability density, that can be reconstructed from its moments, using the\nLangevin equation, for mapping the noise to the dynamical degrees of freedom.\nWhen the spin dynamics is discretized in time, a general\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem, valid for non-Markovian noise, can be\nestablished, even when zero modes are present. We discuss the subtleties that\narise, when Gilbert damping is present and the mapping between noise and spin\ndegrees of freedom is non--linear.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo sampling for stochastic weight functions: Conventional Monte Carlo simulations are stochastic in the sense that the\nacceptance of a trial move is decided by comparing a computed acceptance\nprobability with a random number, uniformly distributed between 0 and 1. Here\nwe consider the case that the weight determining the acceptance probability\nitself is fluctuating. This situation is common in many numerical studies. We\nshow that it is possible to construct a rigorous Monte Carlo algorithm that\nvisits points in state space with a probability proportional to their average\nweight. The same approach has the potential to transform the methodology of a\ncertain class of high-throughput experiments or the analysis of noisy datasets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation effects in the Fortuin-Kasteleyn Ising model on the complete\n  graph: The Fortuin-Kasteleyn (FK) random cluster model, which can be exactly mapped\nfrom the $q$-state Potts spin model, is a correlated bond percolation model. By\nextensive Monte Carlo simulations, we study the FK bond representation of the\ncritical Ising model ($q=2$) on a finite complete graph, i.e. the mean-field\nIsing model. We provide strong numerical evidence that the configuration space\nfor $q=2$ contains an asymptotically vanishing sector in which quantities\nexhibit the same finite-size scaling as in the critical uncorrelated bond\npercolation ($q=1$) on the complete graph. Moreover, we observe that in the\nfull configuration space, the power-law behaviour of the cluster-size\ndistribution for the FK Ising clusters except the largest one is governed by a\nFisher exponent taking the value for $q=1$ instead of $q=2$. This demonstrates\nthe percolation effects in the FK Ising model on the complete graph.",
        "positive": "Microscopic Derivation of Causal Diffusion Equation using Projection\n  Operator Method: We derive a coarse-grained equation of motion of a number density by applying\nthe projection operator method to a non-relativistic model. The derived\nequation is an integrodifferential equation and contains the memory effect. The\nequation is consistent with causality and the sum rule associated with the\nnumber conservation in the low momentum limit, in contrast to usual acausal\ndiffusion equations given by using the Fick's law. After employing the Markov\napproximation, we find that the equation has the similar form to the causal\ndiffusion equation. Our result suggests that current-current correlations are\nnot necessarily adequate as the definition of diffusion constants."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transition in two-dimensional magnetic systems with dipolar\n  interactions: In this work we have used extensive Monte Carlo calculations to study the\nplanar to paramagnetic phase transition in the two-dimensional anisotropic\nHeisenberg model with dipolar interactions (AHd) considering the true\nlong-range character of the dipolar interactions by means of the Ewald\nsummation. Our results are consistent with an order-disorder phase transition\nwith unusual critical exponents in agreement with our previous results for the\nPlanar Rotator model with dipolar interactions. Nevertheless, our results\ndisagrees with the Renormalization Group results of Maier and Schwabl [PRB, 70,\n134430 (2004)] and the results of Rapini et. al. [PRB, 75, 014425 (2007)],\nwhere the AHd was studied using a cut-off in the evaluation of the dipolar\ninteractions. We argue that besides the long-range character of dipolar\ninteractions their anisotropic character may have a deeper effect in the system\nthan previously believed. Besides, our results shows that the use of a cut-off\nradius in the evaluation of dipolar interactions must be avoided when analyzing\nthe critical behavior of magnetic systems, since it may lead to erroneous\nresults.",
        "positive": "General theory of the modified Gutenberg-Richter law for large seismic\n  moments: The Gutenberg-Richter power law distribution of earthquake sizes is one of\nthe most famous example illustrating self-similarity. It is well-known that the\nGutenberg-Richter distribution has to be modified for large seismic moments,\ndue to energy conservation and geometrical reasons. Several models have been\nproposed, either in terms of a second power law with a larger b-value beyond a\ncross-over magnitude, or based on a ``hard'' magnitude cut-off or a ``soft''\nmagnitude cut-off using an exponential taper. Since the large scale tectonic\ndeformation is dominated by the very largest earthquakes and since their impact\non loss of life and properties is huge, it is of great importance to constrain\nas much as possible the shape of their distribution. We present a simple and\npowerful probabilistic theoretical approach that shows that the Gamma\ndistribution is the best model, under the two hypothesis that the\nGutenberg-Richter power law distribution holds in absence of any condition\n(condition of criticality) and that one or several constraints are imposed,\neither based on conservation laws or on the nature of the observations\nthemselves. The selection of the Gamma distribution does not depend on the\nspecific nature of the constraint. We illustrate the approach with two\nconstraints, the existence of a finite moment release rate and the observation\nof the size of a maximum earthquake in a finite catalog. Our predicted ``soft''\nmaximum magnitudes compare favorably with those obtained by Kagan [1997] for\nthe Flinn-Engdahl regionalization of subduction zones, collision zones and\nmid-ocean ridges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simple derivation of the $(- \u03bbH)^{5/2}$ tail for the 1D KPZ\n  equation: We study the long-time regime of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation in\n$1+1$ dimensions for the Brownian and droplet initial conditions and present a\nsimple derivation of the tail of the large deviations of the height on the\nnegative side $\\lambda H<0$. We show that for both initial conditions, the\ncumulative distribution functions take a large deviations form, with a tail for\n$- \\tilde s \\gg 1$ given by $-\\log\n\\mathbb{P}\\left(\\frac{H}{t}<\\tilde{s}\\right)=t^2 \\frac{4 }{15 \\pi}\n(-\\tilde{s})^{5/2} $. This exact expression was already observed at small time\nfor both initial conditions suggesting that these large deviations remain valid\nat all times. We present two methods to derive the result (i) long time\nestimate using a Fredholm determinant formula and (ii) the evaluation of the\ncumulants of a determinantal point process where the successive cumulants\nappear to give the successive orders of the large deviation rate function in\nthe large $\\tilde s$ expansion. An interpretation in terms of large deviations\nfor trapped fermions at low temperature is also given. In addition, we perform\na similar calculation for the KPZ equation in a half-space with a droplet\ninitial condition, and show that the same tail as above arises, with the\nprefactor $\\frac{4}{15\\pi}$ replaced by $\\frac{2}{15\\pi}$. Finally, the\narguments can be extended to show that this tail holds for all times. This is\nconsistent with the fact that the same tail was obtained previously in the\nshort time limit for the full-space problem.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear macroscopic transport equations in many-body systems from\n  microscopic exclusion processes: Describing particle transport at the macroscopic or mesoscopic level in\nnon-ideal environments poses fundamental theoretical challenges in domains\nranging from inter and intra-cellular transport in biology to diffusion in\nporous media. Yet, often the nature of the constraints coming from many-body\ninteractions or reflecting a complex and confining environment are better\nunderstood and modeled at the microscopic level.\n  In this paper we investigate the subtle link between microscopic exclusion\nprocesses and the mean-field equations that ensue from them in the continuum\nlimit. We derive a generalized nonlinear advection diffusion equation suitable\nfor describing transport in a inhomogeneous medium in the presence of an\nexternal field. Furthermore, taking inspiration from a recently introduced\nexclusion process involving agents with non-zero size, we introduce a modified\ndiffusion equation appropriate for describing transport in a non-ideal fluid of\n$d$-dimensional hard spheres.\n  We consider applications of our equations to the problem of diffusion to an\nabsorbing sphere in a non-ideal self-crowded fluid and to the problem of\ngravitational sedimentation. We show that our formalism allows one to recover\nknown results. Moreover, we introduce the notions of point-like and extended\ncrowding, which specify distinct routes for obtaining macroscopic transport\nequations from microscopic exclusion processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of non-linear stochastic dynamical systems under L\u00e9vy\n  noises by a convolution quadrature approach: This paper describes a novel numerical approach to find the statistics of the\nnon-stationary response of scalar non-linear systems excited by L\\'evy white\nnoises. The proposed numerical procedure relies on the introduction of an\nintegral transform of Wiener-Hopf type into the equation governing the\ncharacteristic function. Once this equation is rewritten as partial\nintegro-differential equation, it is then solved by applying the method of\nconvolution quadrature originally proposed by Lubich, here extended to deal\nwith this particular integral transform. The proposed approach is relevant for\ntwo reasons: 1) Statistics of systems with several different drift terms can be\nhandled in an efficient way, independently from the kind of white noise; 2) The\nparticular form of Wiener-Hopf integral transform and its numerical evaluation,\nboth introduced in this study, are generalizations of fractional\nintegro-differential operators of potential type and Gr\\\"unwald-Letnikov\nfractional derivatives, respectively.",
        "positive": "Kinetic Model of Mass Exchange with Dynamic Arrhenius Transition Rates: We study a nonlinear kinetic model of mass exchange between interacting\ngrains. The transition rates follow the Arrhenius equation with an activation\nenergy that depends on the grain mass. We show that the activation parameter\ncan be absorbed in the initial conditions for the grain masses, and that the\ntotal mass is conserved. We obtain numerical solutions of the coupled,\nnonlinear, ordinary differential equations of mass exchange for the two-grain\nsystem, and we compare them with approximate theoretical solutions in specific\nneighborhoods of the phase space. Using phase plane methods, we determine that\nthe system exhibits regimes of diffusive and growth-decay (reverse diffusion)\nkinetics. The equilibrium states are determined by the mass equipartition and\nseparation nullcline curves. If the transfer rates are perturbed by white\nnoise, numerical simulations show that the system still exhibits diffusive and\ngrowth-decay regimes, although the noise can reverse the sign of equilibrium\nmass difference. Finally, we present theoretical analysis and numerical\nsimulations of a system with many interacting grains. Diffusive and\ngrowth-decay regimes are established as well, but the approach to equilibrium\nis considerably slower. Potential applications of the mass exchange model\ninvolve coarse-graining during sintering and wealth exchange in econophysics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium identities and response theory for dissipative particles: We derive some nonequilibrium identities such as the integral fluctuation\ntheorem and the Jarzynski equality starting from a nonequilibrium state for\ndissipative classical systems. Thanks to the existence of the integral\nfluctuation theorem we can naturally introduce an entropy-like quantity for\ndissipative classical systems in far from equilibrium states.\n  We also derive the generalized Green-Kubo formula as a nonlinear response\ntheory for a steady dynamics around a nonequilibrium state. We numerically\nverify the validity of the derived formulas for sheared frictionless granular\nparticles.",
        "positive": "Roles of Local Non-equilibrium Free Energy in the Description of\n  Biomolecules: When a system is in equilibrium, external perturbations yield a time series\nof non-equilibrium distributions, and recent experimental techniques give\naccess to the non-equilibrium data that may contain critical information.\nJinwoo and Tanaka (L. Jinwoo and H. Tanaka, Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 7832) have\nprovided mathematical proof that such a process's non-equilibrium free energy\nprofile over a system's substates has Jarzynski's work as content, which\nspontaneously dissipates while molecules perform their tasks. Here we\nnumerically verify this fact and give a practical example where we analyze a\ncomputer simulation of RNA translocation by a ring-shaped ATPase motor. By\ninterpreting the cyclic process of substrate translocation as a series of\nquenching, relaxation, and second quenching, the theory gives how much\nindividual sub-states of the ATPase motor have been energized until the end of\nthe process. It turns out that the efficiency of RNA translocation is $48\\sim\n60\\%$ for most molecules, but $12\\%$ of molecules achieve $80\\sim 100\\%$\nefficiency, which is consistent with the literature. This theory would be a\nvaluable tool for extracting quantitative information about molecular\nnon-equilibrium behavior from experimental observations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Negative interfacial tension in phase-separated active suspensions: We study numerically a model for active suspensions of self-propelled\nrepulsive particles, for which a stable phase separation into a dilute and a\ndense phase is observed. We exploit that for non-square boxes a stable \"slab\"\nconfiguration is reached, in which interfaces align with the shorter box edge.\nEvaluating a recent proposal for an intensive active swimming pressure, we\ndemonstrate that the excess stress within the interface separating both phases\nis negative. The occurrence of a negative tension together with stable phase\nseparation is a genuine non-equilibrium effect that is rationalized in terms of\na positive stiffness, the estimate of which agrees excellently with the\nnumerical data. Our results challenge effective thermodynamic descriptions and\nmappings of active suspensions onto passive pair potentials with attractions.",
        "positive": "The entropic cost to tie a knot: We estimate by Monte Carlo simulations the configurational entropy of\n$N$-steps polygons in the cubic lattice with fixed knot type. By collecting a\nrich statistics of configurations with very large values of $N$ we are able to\nanalyse the asymptotic behaviour of the partition function of the problem for\ndifferent knot types. Our results confirm that, in the large $N$ limit, each\nprime knot is localized in a small region of the polygon, regardless of the\npossible presence of other knots. Each prime knot component may slide along the\nunknotted region contributing to the overall configurational entropy with a\nterm proportional to $\\ln N$. Furthermore, we discover that the mere existence\nof a knot requires a well defined entropic cost that scales exponentially with\nits minimal length. In the case of polygons with composite knots it turns out\nthat the partition function can be simply factorized in terms that depend only\non prime components with an additional combinatorial factor that takes into\naccount the statistical property that by interchanging two identical prime knot\ncomponents in the polygon the corresponding set of overall configuration\nremains unaltered. Finally, the above results allow to conjecture a sequence of\ninequalities for the connective constants of polygons whose topology varies\nwithin a given family of composite knot types."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized disorder averages and current fluctuations in run and tumble\n  particles: We present exact results for the fluctuations in the number of particles\ncrossing the origin up to time $t$ in a collection of non-interacting run and\ntumble particles in one dimension. In contrast to passive systems, such active\nparticles are endowed with two inherent degrees of freedom: positions and\nvelocities, which can be used to construct density and magnetization fields. We\nintroduce generalized disorder averages associated with both these fields and\nperform annealed and quenched averages over various initial conditions. We show\nthat the variance $\\sigma^2$ of the current in annealed versus quenched\nmagnetization situations exhibits a surprising difference at short times:\n$\\sigma^2 \\sim t$ versus $\\sigma^2 \\sim t^2$ respectively, with a $\\sqrt{t}$\nbehavior emerging at large times. Our analytical results demonstrate that in\nthe strictly quenched scenario, where both the density and magnetization fields\nare initially frozen, the fluctuations in the current are strongly suppressed.\nImportantly, these anomalous fluctuations cannot be obtained solely by freezing\nthe density field.",
        "positive": "Thermostated Hamiltonian dynamics with log-oscillators: With this work we present two new methods for the generation of thermostated,\nmanifestly Hamiltonian dynamics and provide corresponding illustrations. The\nbasis for this new class of thermostats are the peculiar thermodynamics as\nexhibited by logarithmic oscillators. These two schemes are best suited when\napplied to systems with a small number of degrees of freedom."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A study of the quantum classical crossover in the spin dynamics of the\n  2D S=5/2 antiferromagnet Rb2MnF4: neutron scattering, computer simulations,\n  and analytic theories: We report comprehensive inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the\nmagnetic excitations in the 2D spin-5/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet Rb2MnF4 as a\nfunction of temperature from deep in the Neel ordered phase up to paramagnetic,\n0.13 < kBT/4JS < 1.4. Well defined spin-waves are found for wave-vectors larger\nthan the inverse correlation length $\\eta^{-1}$ for temperatures up to near the\nCurie-Weiss temperature, $\\Theta_{CW}$. For wave-vectors smaller than\n$\\eta^{-1}$, relaxational dynamics occurs. The observed renormalization of\nspin-wave energies, and evolution of excitation line-shapes, with increasing\ntemperature are quantitatively compared with finite-temperature spin-wave\ntheory, and computer simulations for classical spins. Random phase\napproximation calculations provide a good description of the low-temperature\nrenormalisation of spin-waves. In contrast, lifetime broadening calculated\nusing the first Born approximation shows, at best, modest agreement around the\nzone boundary at low temperatures. Classical dynamics simulations using an\nappropriate quantum-classical correspondence were found to provide a good\ndescription of the intermediate- and high-temperature regimes over all\nwave-vector and energy scales, and the crossover from quantum to classical\ndynamics observed around $\\Theta_{CW}/S$, where the spin S=5/2. A\ncharacterisation of the data over the whole wave-vector/energy/temperature\nparameter space is given. In this, $T^2$ behaviour is found to dominate the\nwave-vector and temperature dependence of the line widths over a large\nparameter range, and no evidence of hydrodynamic behaviour or dynamical scaling\nbehaviour found within the accuracy of the data sets.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo Study of a Spin-3/2 Blume-Emery-Griffiths Model on a\n  Honeycomb Lattice: We study the phase diagram of the spin-3/2 Blume-Emery-Griffiths model on a\nhoneycomb lattice by Monte Carlo simulations in order to verify the presence of\nsome peculiar features predicted by the effective field theory (EFT) with\ncorrelations. The locations of the order-disorder phase boundaries are\nestimated from thermal variations of the magnetic susceptibility curves. It is\nfound that for positive values of the biquadratic interactions the critical\nboundary shows a discontinuous character as a function of the single-ion\nanisotropy strength, in line with the EFT expectations. However, for negative\nvalues of the biquadratic interactions the step-like variation of the critical\nfrontier predicted by EFT was not reproduced."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Giant thermoelectric response of nanofluidic systems driven by water\n  excess enthalpy: Nanofluidic systems could in principle be used to produce electricity from\nwaste heat, but current theoretical descriptions predict a rather poor\nperformance as compared to thermoelectric solid materials. Here we investigate\nthe thermoelectric response of NaCl and NaI solutions confined between charged\nwalls, using molecular dynamics simulations. We compute a giant thermoelectric\nresponse, two orders of magnitude larger than the predictions of standard\nmodels. We show that water excess enthalpy -- neglected in the standard picture\n-- plays a dominant role in combination with the electroosmotic mobility of the\nliquid-solid interface. Accordingly, the thermoelectric response can be boosted\nusing surfaces with large hydrodynamic slip. Overall, the heat harvesting\nperformance of the model systems considered here is comparable to that of the\nbest thermoelectric materials, and the fundamental insight provided by\nmolecular dynamics suggests guidelines to further optimize the performance,\nopening the way to recycle waste heat using nanofluidic devices.",
        "positive": "Generalized-Ensemble Algorithms for Molecular Simulations of Biopolymers: In complex systems with many degrees of freedom such as peptides and proteins\nthere exist a huge number of local-minimum-energy states. Conventional\nsimulations in the canonical ensemble are of little use, because they tend to\nget trapped in states of these energy local minima. A simulation in generalized\nensemble performs a random walk in potential energy space and can overcome this\ndifficulty. From only one simulation run, one can obtain canonical-ensemble\naverages of physical quantities as functions of temperature by the\nsingle-histogram and/or multiple-histogram reweighting techniques. In this\narticle we review uses of the generalized-ensemble algorithms. Three well-known\nmethods, multicanonical algorithm, simulated tempering, and replica-exchange\nmethod, are described first. Both Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics versions\nof the algorithms are given. We then present three new generalized-ensemble\nalgorithms which combine the merits of the above methods. The effectiveness of\nthe methods for molecular simulations in the protein folding problem is tested\nwith short peptide systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetization plateaus in antiferromagnetic-(ferromagnetic)_{n}\n  polymerized S=1/2 XXZ chains: The plateau-non-plateau transition in the\nantiferromagnetic-(ferromagnetic)$_{n}$ polymerized $S=1/2$ XXZ chains under\nthe magnetic field is investigated. The universality class of this transition\nbelongs to the Brezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) type. The critical points\nare determined by level spectroscopy analysis of the numerical diagonalization\ndata for $4 \\leq p \\leq 13$ where $p(\\equiv n+1)$ is the size of a unit cell.\nIt is found that the critical strength of ferromagnetic coupling decreases with\n$p$ for small $p$ but increases for larger enough $p$. It is also found that\nthe plateau for large $p$ is wide enough for moderate values of exchange\ncoupling so that it should be easily observed experimentally. This is in\ncontrast to the plateaus for $p = 3$ chains which are narrow for a wide range\nof exchange coupling even away from the critical point.",
        "positive": "Selberg trace formula in hyperbolic band theory: We apply Selberg's trace formula to solve problems in hyperbolic band theory,\na recently developed extension of Bloch theory to model band structures on\nexperimentally realized hyperbolic lattices. For this purpose we incorporate\nthe higher-dimensional crystal momentum into the trace formula and evaluate the\nsummation for periodic orbits on the Bolza surface of genus two. We apply the\ntechnique to compute partition functions on the Bolza surface and propose an\napproximate relation between the lowest bands on the Bolza surface and on the\n$\\{8,3\\}$ hyperbolic lattice. We discuss the role of automorphism symmetry and\nits manifestation in the trace formula."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Event-chain Monte Carlo for classical continuous spin models: We apply the event-chain Monte Carlo algorithm to classical continuum spin\nmodels on a lattice and clarify the condition for its validity. In the\ntwo-dimensional XY model, it outperforms the local Monte Carlo algorithm by two\norders of magnitude, although it remains slower than the Wolff cluster\nalgorithm. In the three-dimensional XY spin glass at low temperature, the\nevent-chain algorithm is far superior to the other algorithms.",
        "positive": "Landau-Zener problem with waiting at the minimum gap and related quench\n  dynamics of a many-body system: We discuss a technique for solving the Landau-Zener (LZ) problem of finding\nthe probability of excitation in a two-level system. The idea of time reversal\nfor the Schrodinger equation is employed to obtain the state reached at the\nfinal time and hence the excitation probability. Using this method, which can\nreproduce the well-known expression for the LZ transition probability, we solve\na variant of the LZ problem which involves waiting at the minimum gap for a\ntime t_w; we find an exact expression for the excitation probability as a\nfunction of t_w. We provide numerical results to support our analytical\nexpressions. We then discuss the problem of waiting at the quantum critical\npoint of a many-body system and calculate the residual energy generated by the\ntime-dependent Hamiltonian. Finally we discuss possible experimental\nrealizations of this work."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shear viscosity: velocity gradient as a constraint on wave function: By viewing a velocity gradient in a fluid as an internal disturbance and\ntreating it as a constraint on the wave function of a system, a linear\nevolution equation for the wave function is obtained from the Lagrange\nmultiplier method. It allows us to define the microscopic response to a\nvelocity gradient in a pure state. Taking a spatial coarse-graining average\nover this microscopic response and averaging it over admissible initial states,\nwe achieve the observed macroscopic response and transport coefficient. In this\nscheme, temporal coarse-graining is not needed. The dissipation caused by a\nvelocity gradient depends on the square of initial occupation probability,\nwhereas the dissipation caused by a mechanical perturbation depends on the\ninitial occupation probability itself. We apply the method of variation of\nconstants to solve the time-dependent Schrodinger equation with constraints.\nThe various time scales appearing in the momentum transport are estimated. The\nrelation\\ between the present work and previous theories is discussed.",
        "positive": "Dynamical generation of Majorana edge correlations in a ramped Kitaev\n  chain coupled to nonthermal dissipative channels: We quantitatively study the out-of-equilibrium edge-Majorana correlation in a\nlinearly ramped one-dimensional Kitaev chain of finite length in a dissipative\nenvironment. The chemical potential is dynamically ramped to drive the chain\nfrom its topologically trivial to nontrivial phase in the presence of couplings\nto nonthermal Markovian baths. We consider two distinctive situations: In the\nfirst situation, the bath is quasilocal in the site basis (local in\nquasiparticle basis) while in the other it is local. Following a Lindbladian\napproach, we compute the early time dynamics as well as the asymptotic behavior\nof the edge-Majorana correlation to probe the interplay between two competing\ntimescales - one due to the coherent ramping while the other to the dissipative\ncoupling. For the quasilocal bath, we establish that there is a steady\ngeneration of Majorana correlations in asymptotic time and the presence of an\noptimal ramping time which facilitates a quicker approach to the topological\nsteady state. In the second scenario, we analyze the action of a local\nparticle-loss type of bath in which we have established the existence of an\noptimal ramping time which results from the competing dynamics between the\nunitary ramp and the dissipative coupling. While the defect generated by the\nformer decays exponentially with increasing ramp duration, the later scales\nlinearly with the same. This linear scaling is further established through a\nperturbation theory formulated using the nondimensionalized coupling to the\nbath as a small parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized detailed Fluctuation Theorem under Nonequilibrium Feedback\n  control: It has been shown recently that the Jarzynski equality is generalized under\nnonequilibrium feedback control [T. Sagawa and M. Ueda, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf\n104}, 090602 (2010)]. The presence of feedback control in physical systems\nshould modify both Jarzynski equality and detailed fluctuation theorem [K. H.\nKim and H. Qian, Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 75}, 022102 (2007)]. However, the\ngeneralized Jarzynski equality under forward feedback control has been proved\nby consider that the physical systems under feedback control should locally\nsatisfies the detailed fluctuation theorem. We use the same formalism and\nderive the generalized detailed fluctuation theorem under nonequilibrium\nfeedback control. It is well known that the exponential average in one\ndirection limits the calculation of precise free energy differences. The\nknowledge of measurements from both directions usually gives improved results.\nIn this aspect, the generalized detailed fluctuation theorem can be very useful\nin free energy calculations for system driven under nonequilibrium feedback\ncontrol.",
        "positive": "Sparse coupling and Markov blankets: A comment on \"How particular is the\n  physics of the Free Energy Principle?\" by Aguilera, Millidge, Tschantz and\n  Buckley: In this commentary, we respond to a technical analysis of the Free Energy\nPrinciple (hereafter: FEP) presented in \"How particular is the physics of the\nFree Energy Principle\" by Aguilera et al. In the target article, the authors\nanalyzed certain sparsely coupled stochastic differential equations whose\nnon-equilibrium steady-state densities are claimed--in previous FEP\nliterature--to have a Markov blanket. The authors demonstrate that in general,\nMarkov blankets are not guaranteed to follow from sparse coupling. The current\ncommentary explains the relationship between sparse coupling and Markov\nblankets in the case of Gaussian steady-state densities. We precisely derive\nconditions under which causal coupling leads--or does not lead--to Markov\nblankets. Importantly, our derivations hold for both linear and non-linear\nstochastic differential equations. This result may shed light on the sorts of\nsystems which we expect to have Markov blankets. Future work should focus on\nverifying whether these sorts of constraints are satisfied in realistic models\nof sparsely coupled systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlated Initial Conditions in Directed Percolation: We investigate the influence of correlated initial conditions on the temporal\nevolution of a (d+1)-dimensional critical directed percolation process.\nGenerating initial states with correlations <s_i*s_{i+r}>~r^(sigma-d) we\nobserve that the density of active sites in Monte-Carlo simulations evolves as\nrho(t)~t^kappa. The exponent kappa depends continuously on sigma and varies in\nthe range -beta/nu_{||}<=kappa<=eta. Our numerical results are confirmed by an\nexact field-theoretical renormalization group calculation.",
        "positive": "Crystal vs glass formation in lattice models with many coexisting\n  ordered phases: We present here new evidence that after a quench the planar Potts model on\nthe square lattice relaxes towards a glassy state if the number of states q is\nlarger than four. By extrapolating the finite size data we compute the average\nenergy of these states for the infinite system with periodic boundary\nconditions, and find that it is comparable with that previously found using\nfixed boundary conditions. We also report preliminary results on the behaviour\nof these states in the presence of thermal fluctuations"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Fluctuation-Response Relation as a Probe of Long-Range Correlations in\n  Non-Equilibrium Quantum and Classical Fluids: The absence of a simple fluctuation-dissipation theorem is a major obstacle\nfor studying systems that are not in thermodynamic equilibrium. We show that\nfor a fluid in a non-equilibrium steady state characterized by a constant\ntemperature gradient the commutator correlation functions are still related to\nresponse functions; however, the relation is to the bilinear response of\nproducts of two observables, rather than to a single linear response function\nas is the case in equilibrium. This modified fluctuation-response relation\nholds for both quantum and classical systems. It is both motivated and informed\nby the long-range correlations that exist in such a steady state and allows for\nprobing them via response experiments. This is of particular interest in\nquantum fluids, where the direct observation of fluctuations by light\nscattering would be difficult. In classical fluids it is known that the\ncoupling of the temperature gradient to the diffusive shear velocity leads to\ncorrelations of various observables, in particular temperature fluctuations,\nthat do not decay as a function of distance, but rather extend over the entire\nsystem. We investigate the nature of these correlations in a fermionic quantum\nfluid and show that the crucial coupling between the temperature gradient and\nvelocity fluctuations is the same as in the classical case. Accordingly, the\nnature of the long-ranged correlations in the hydrodynamic regime also is the\nsame. However, as one enters the collisionless regime in the low-temperature\nlimit the nature of the velocity fluctuations changes: they become ballistic\nrather than diffusive. As a result, correlations of the temperature and other\nobservables are still singular in the long-wavelength limit, but the\nsingularity is weaker than in the hydrodynamic regime.",
        "positive": "Yukawa Friedel-Tail pair potentials for warm dense matter applications: Accurate equations of state (EOS) and plasma transport properties are\nessential for numerical simulations of warm dense matter encountered in many\nhigh-energy-density situations. Molecular dynamics (MD) is a simulation method\nthat generates EOS and transport data using an externally provided potential to\ndynamically evolve the particles without further reference to the electrons. To\nminimize computational cost, pair potentials needed in MD may be obtained from\nthe neutral-pseudoatom (NPA) approach, a form of single-ion density functional\ntheory (DFT), where many-ion effects are included via ion-ion correlation\nfunctionals. Standard $N$-ion DFT-MD provides pair potentials via the force\nmatching technique but at much greater computational cost. Here we propose a\nsimple analytic model for pair potentials with physically meaningful parameters\nbased on a Yukawa form with a thermally damped Friedel tail (YFT) applicable to\nsystems containing free electrons. The YFT model accurately fits NPA pair\npotentials or the non-parametric force-matched potentials from $N$-ion DFT-MD,\nshowing excellent agreement for a wide range of conditions. The YFT form\nprovides accurate extrapolations of the NPA or force-matched potentials for\nsmall and large particle separations within a physical model. Our method can be\nadopted to treat plasma mixtures, allowing for large-scale simulations of\nmulti-species warm dense matter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian non-Gaussian diffusion of self-avoiding walks: Three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations provide a striking confirmation to\na recent theoretical prediction: the Brownian non-Gaussian diffusion of\ncritical self-avoiding walks. Although the mean square displacement of the\npolymer center of mass grows linearly with time (Brownian behavior), the\ninitial probability density function is strongly non-Gaussian and crosses over\nto Gaussianity only at large time. Full agreement between theory and\nsimulations is achieved without the employment of fitting parameters. We\ndiscuss simulation techniques potentially capable of addressing the study of\nanomalous diffusion under complex conditions like adsorption- or\nTheta-transition.",
        "positive": "Bounded confidence model on a still growing scale-free network: A Bounded Confidence (BC) model of socio-physics, in which the agents have\ncontinuous opinions and can influence each other only if the distance between\ntheir opinions is below a threshold, is simulated on a still growing scale-free\nnetwork considering several different strategies: for each new node (or\nvertex), that is added to the network all individuals of the network have their\nopinions updated following a BC model recipe. The results obtained are compared\nwith the original model, with numerical simulations on different graph\nstructures and also when it is considered on the usual fixed BA network. In\nparticular, the comparison with the latter leads us to conclude that it does\nnot matter much whether the network is still growing or is fixed during the\nopinion dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic relations in a driven lattice gas: numerical exprements: We explore thermodynamic relations in non-equilibrium steady states with\nnumerical experiments on a driven lattice gas. After operationally defining the\npressure and chemical potential in the driven lattice gas, we confirm\nnumerically the validity of the integrability condition (the Maxwell relation)\nfor the two quantities whose values differ from those for an equilibrium\nsystem. This implies that a free energy function can be constructed for the\nnon-equilibrium steady state that we consider. We also investigate a\nfluctuation relation associated with this free energy function. Our result\nsuggests that the compressibility can be expressed in terms of density\nfluctuations even in non-equilibrium steady states.",
        "positive": "Ballistic magneto-thermal transport in a Heisenberg spin chain at low\n  temperatures: We study ballistic thermal transport in Heisenberg spin chain with\nnearest-neighbor ferromagnetic interactions at low temperatures. Explicit\nexpressions for transmission coefficients are derived for thermal transport in\na periodic spin chain of arbitrary junction length by a spin-wave model. Our\nanalytical results agree very well with the ones from nonequilibrium Green's\nfunction method. Our study shows that the transmission coefficient oscillates\nwith the frequency of thermal wave. Moreover, the thermal transmission shows\nstrong dependence on the intrachain coupling, the length of the spin chain, and\nthe external magnetic field. The results demonstrate the possibility of\nmanipulating spin-wave propagation and magnetothermal conductance in the\nspin-chain junction by adjusting the intrachain coupling and/or the external\nmagnetic field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic uncertainty relations under arbitrary control protocols: Thermodynamic uncertainty relations quantifying a trade-off between current\nfluctuation and entropy production have been found in various stochastic\nsystems. Herein, we study the thermodynamic uncertainty relations for Langevin\nsystems driven by an external control protocol. Using information-theoretic\ntechniques, we derive the uncertainty relations for arbitrary observables\nsatisfying a scaling condition in both overdamped and underdamped regimes. We\nprove that the observable fluctuation is constrained by both entropy production\nand a kinetic term. The derived bounds are applicable to both current and\nnoncurrent observables, and hold for arbitrary time-dependent protocols, thus,\nproviding a wide range of applicability. We illustrate our universal bounds\nwith the help of three systems: a dragged Brownian particle, a Brownian\ngyrator, and a stochastic underdamped heat engine.",
        "positive": "Universality of Zipf's Law: Zipf's law is the most common statistical distribution displaying scaling\nbehavior. Cities, populations or firms are just examples of this seemingly\nuniversal law. Although many different models have been proposed, no general\ntheoretical explanation has been shown to exist for its universality. Here we\nshow that Zipf's law is, in fact, an inevitable outcome of a very general class\nof stochastic systems. Borrowing concepts from Algorithmic Information Theory,\nour derivation is based on the properties of the symbolic sequence obtained\nthrough successive observations over a system with an unbounded number of\npossible states. Specifically, we assume that the complexity of the description\nof the system provided by the sequence of observations is the one expected for\na system evolving to a stable state between order and disorder. This result is\nobtained from a small set of mild, physically relevant assumptions. The general\nnature of our derivation and its model-free basis would explain the ubiquity of\nsuch a law in real systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Turbulence in exciton-polariton condensates: Nonequilibrium condensate systems such as exciton-polariton condensates are\ncapable of supporting a spontaneous vortex nucleation. The spatial\ninhomogeneity of pumping field or/and disordered potential creates velocity\nflow fields that may become unstable to vortex formation. This letter considers\nways in which turbulent states of interacting vortices can be created. It is\nshown that by combining just two pumping intensities it is possible to create a\nsuperfluid turbulence state of well-separated vortices, a strong turbulence\nstate of de-structured vortices, or a weak turbulence state in which all\ncoherence of the field is lost and motion is driven by weakly interacting\ndispersive waves. The decay of turbulence can be obtained by replacing an\ninhomogeneous pumping by a uniform one. We show that both in quasi-equilibrium\nand during the turbulence decay there exists an inertial range dominated by\nfour-wave interactions of acoustic waves.",
        "positive": "Classification of critical phenomena in hierarchical small-world\n  networks: A classification of critical behavior is provided in systems for which the\nrenormalization group equations are control-parameter dependent. It describes\nphase transitions in networks with a recursive, hierarchical structure but\nappears to apply also to a wider class of systems, such as conformal field\ntheories. Although these transitions generally do not exhibit universality,\nthree distinct regimes of characteristic critical behavior can be discerned\nthat combine an unusual mixture of finite- and infinite-order transitions. In\nthe spirit of Landau's description of a phase transition, the problem can be\nreduced to the local analysis of a cubic recursion equation, here, for the\nrenormalization group flow of some generalized coupling. Among other insights,\nthis theory explains the often-noted prevalence of the so-called inverted\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions in complex networks. As a\ndemonstration, a one-parameter family of Ising models on hierarchical networks\nis considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality classes of dense polymers and conformal sigma models: In the usual statistical model of a dense polymer (a single space-filling\nloop on a lattice) in two dimensions the loop does not cross itself. We modify\nthis by including intersections in which {\\em three} lines can cross at the\nsame point, with some statistical weight w per crossing. We show that our model\ndescribes a line of critical theories with continuously-varying exponents\ndepending on w, described by a conformally-invariant non-linear sigma model\nwith varying coupling constant g_\\sigma^2 >0. For the boundary critical\nbehavior, or the model defined in a strip, we propose an exact formula for the\n\\ell-leg exponents, h_\\ell=g_\\sigma^2 \\ell(\\ell-2)/8, which is shown\nnumerically to hold very well.",
        "positive": "Influence of long-range interactions on the critical behavior of the\n  Ising model: We study the ferromagnetic Ising model with long-range interactions in two\ndimensions. We first present results of a Monte Carlo study which shows that\nthe long-range interactions dominate over the short-range ones in the\nintermediate regime of interaction range. Based on a renormalization group\nanalysis, we propose a way of computing the influence of the long-range\ninteractions as a dimensional change."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transition from localized to delocalized trajectories in random walk\n  subject to random drives: Random walk subject to random drive has been extensively employed as a model\nfor physical and biological processes. While equilibrium statistical physics\nhas yielded significant insights into the distributions of dynamical fixed\npoints of such a system, its non-equilibrium properties remain largely\nunexplored. In contrast, most real-world applications concern the dynamical\naspects of this model. In particular, dynamical quantities like heat\ndissipation and work absorption play a central role in predicting and\ncontrolling non-equilibrium phases of matter. Recent advances in\nnon-equilibrium statistical physics enable a more refined study of the\ndynamical aspects of random walk under random drives. We perform a numerical\nstudy on this model and demonstrate that it exhibits two distinct phases: a\nlocalized phase where typical random walk trajectories are non-extensive and\nconfined to the neighborhood of fixed points, and a delocalized phase where\ntypical random walk trajectories are extensive and can transition between fixed\npoints. We propose different summary statistics for the heat dissipation and\nshow that these two phases are distinctly different. Our characterization of\nthese distinctive phases deepens the understanding of and provides novel\nstrategies for the non-equilibrium phase of this model.",
        "positive": "Classical antiferromagnet on a hyperkagome lattice: Motivated by recent experiments on Na_4Ir_3O_8 [Y. Okamoto, M. Nohara, H.\nAruga-Katori, and H. Takagi, arXiv:0705.2821 (unpublished)], we study the\nclassical antiferromagnet on a frustrated three-dimensional lattice obtained by\nselectively removing one of four sites in each tetrahedron of the pyrochlore\nlattice. This ``hyperkagome'' lattice consists of corner-sharing triangles. We\npresent the results of large-N mean field theory and Monte Carlo computations\non O(N) classical spin models. It is found that the classical ground states are\nhighly degenerate. Nonetheless a nematic order emerges at low temperatures in\nthe Heisenberg model (N=3) via ``order by disorder'', representing the\ndominance of coplanar spin configurations. Implications for ongoing experiments\nare discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Covariant Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics from Ito-Langevin Dynamics: Using the recently developed covariant Ito-Langevin dynamics, we develop a\nnon-equilibrium thermodynamic theory for small systems coupled to\nmultiplicative noises. The theory is based on Ito-calculus, and is fully\ncovariant under time-independent nonlinear transformation of variables.\nAssuming instantaneous detailed balance, we derive expressions for various\nthermodynamic functions, including work, heat, entropy production, and free\nenergy, both at ensemble level and at trajectory level, and prove the second\nlaw of thermodynamics for arbitrary non-equilibrium processes. We relate\ntime-reversal asymmetry of path probability to entropy production, and derive\nits consequences such as fluctuation theorem and non-equilibrium work relation.\nFor Langevin systems with additive noises, our theory is equivalent to the\ncommon theories of stochastic energetics and stochastic thermodynamics. We also\ndiscuss examples of multiplicative noises where the common theories are\ninapplicable, but our theory yields correct results.",
        "positive": "Large-$n$ approach to thermodynamic Casimir effects in slabs with free\n  surfaces: The classical $n$-vector $\\phi^4$ model with $O(n)$ symmetrical Hamiltonian\n${\\cal H}$ is considered in a $\\infty^2\\times L$ slab geometry bounded by a\npair of parallel free surface planes at separation $L$. The\ntemperature-dependent scaling functions of the excess free energy and the\nthermodynamic Casimir force are computed in the large-$n$ limit for\ntemperatures $T$ at, above, and below the bulk critical temperature $T_{\\rm\nc}$. Their $n=\\infty$ limits can be expressed exactly in terms of the\neigensystem of a self-consistent one-dimensional Schr\\\"odinger equation. This\nequation is solved by numerical means for two distinct discretized versions of\nthe model: in the first (\"model A\"), only the coordinate $z$ across the slab is\ndiscretized and the integrations over momenta conjugate to the lateral\ncoordinates are regularized dimensionally; in the second (\"model B\"), a simple\ncubic lattice with periodic boundary conditions along the lateral directions is\nused. Renormalization-group ideas are invoked to show that, in addition to\ncorrections to scaling $\\propto L^{-1}$, anomalous ones $\\propto L^{-1}\\ln L$\nshould occur. They can be considerably decreased by taking an appropriate\n$g\\to\\infty$ ($T_{\\rm c}\\to\\infty$) limit of the $\\phi^4$ interaction constant\n$g$. Depending on the model A or B, they can be absorbed completely or to a\nlarge extent in an effective thickness $L_{\\rm eff}=L+\\delta L$. Excellent data\ncollapses and consistent high-precision results for both models are obtained.\nThe approach to the low-temperature Goldstone values of the scaling functions\nis shown to involve logarithmic anomalies. The scaling functions exhibit all\nqualitative features seen in experiments on the thinning of wetting layers of\n${}^4$He and Monte Carlo simulations of $XY$ models, including a pronounced\nminimum of the Casimir force below $T_{\\rm c}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anisotropic diffusion in square lattice potentials: giant enhancement\n  and control: The unbiased thermal diffusion of an overdamped Brownian particle in a square\nlattice potential is considered in the presence of an externally applied ac\ndriving. The resulting diffusion matrix exhibits two orthogonal eigenvectors\nwith eigenvalues $D_1>D_2>0$, indicating anisotropic diffusion along a \"fast\"\nand a \"slow principal axis\". For sufficiently small temperatures, $D_1$ may\nbecome arbitrarily large and at the same time $D_2$ arbitrarily small. The\nprincipal diffusion axis can be made to point into (almost) any direction by\nvarying either the driving amplitude or the coupling of the particle to the\npotential, without changing any other property of the system or the driving.",
        "positive": "Recursive Percolation: We introduce a simple lattice model in which percolation is constructed on\ntop of critical percolation clusters, and show that it can be repeated\nrecursively any number $n$ of generations. In two dimensions, we determine the\npercolation thresholds up to $n=5$. The corresponding critical clusters become\nmore and more compact as $n$ increases, and define universal scaling functions\nof the standard two-dimensional form and critical exponents that are distinct\nfor any $n$. This family of exponents differs from any previously known\nuniversality class, and cannot be accommodated by existing analytical methods.\nWe confirm that recursive percolation is well defined also in three dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stretched exponentials and power laws in granular avalanching: We introduce a model for granular avalanching which exhibits both stretched\nexponential and power law avalanching over its parameter range. Two modes of\ntransport are incorporated, a rolling layer consisting of individual particles\nand the overdamped, sliding motion of particle clusters. The crossover in\nbehaviour observed in experiments on piles of rice is attributed to a change in\nthe dominant mode of transport. We predict that power law avalanching will be\nobserved whenever surface flow is dominated by clustered motion.",
        "positive": "Short-time dynamic in the Majority vote model: The ordered and\n  disordered initial cases: This work presents short-time Monte Carlo simulations for the two dimensional\nMajority-vote model starting from ordered and disordered states. It has been\nfound that there are two pseudo-critical points, each one within the error-bar\nrange of previous reported values performed using fourth order cumulant\ncrossing method. The results show that the short-time dynamic for this model\nhas a dependence on the initial conditions. Based on this dependence a method\nis proposed for the evaluation of the pseudo critical points and the extraction\nof the dynamical critical exponent $z$ and the static critical exponent\n$\\beta/\\nu$ for this model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jamming and percolation of dimers in restricted-valence random\n  sequential adsorption: Restricted-valence random sequential adsorption~(RSA) is studied in its pure\nand disordered versions, on the square and triangular lattices. For the\nsimplest case~(pure on the square lattice) we prove the absence of percolation\nfor maximum valence $V_{\\rm max}=2$. In other cases, Monte Carlo simulations\nare used to investigate the percolation threshold, universality class, and\njamming limit. Our results reveal a continuous transition for the majority of\nthe cases studied. The percolation threshold is computed through finite-size\nscaling analysis of seven properties; its value increases with the average\nvalency. Scaling plots and data-collapse analyses show that the transition\nbelongs to the standard percolation universality class even in disordered cases",
        "positive": "Realization of the open-boundary totally asymmetric simple exclusion\n  process on a ring: We propose a misanthrope process, defined on a ring, which realizes the\ntotally asymmetric simple exclusion process with open boundaries. In the\nmisanthrope process, particles have no exclusion interactions in contrast to\nthose in the simple exclusion process, while the hop rates depend on both\nnumbers of particles at departure and arrival sites. Arranging the hop rates,\nwe can recover the simple exclusion property and also make a condensate, which\ngrows at an arbitrary single site, behave as an external reservoir providing\nand absorbing particles. It is known that, under some condition, the\nmisanthrope process has an exact solution for its steady-state probability. We\nexploit this fact to see in an analytical way that the model proposed is\nexactly what we expected."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Area coverage of radial Levy flights with periodic boundary conditions: We consider the time evolution of two-dimensional Levy flights in a finite\narea with periodic boundary conditions. From simulations we show that the\nfractal path dimension d_f and thus the degree of area coverage grows in time\nuntil it reaches the saturation value d_f=2 at sufficiently long times. We also\ninvestigate the time evolution of the probability density function and\nassociated moments in these boundary conditions. Finally we consider the mean\nfirst passage time as function of the stable index. Our findings are of\ninterest to assess the ergodic behavior of Levy flights, to estimate their\nefficiency as stochastic search mechanisms and to discriminate them from other\ntypes of search processes.",
        "positive": "Two-level correlation function of $\u03bb$-ensembles: Recently we introduced a family of U(N) invariant random matrix ensembles\nwhich is a one-paramter ($\\lambda$) extension of the q-random matrix ensembles\n(RMEs), given by the asymptotic weak confining potential $V(H) \\sim [\\ln\nH]^{(1+\\lambda)}$ \\cite{cm-jpa09}. With numerical construction of the\ncorresponding orthogonal polynomials, we showed that the eigenvalue density of\nthe ensembles deviates from the inverse power law and that the two-level kernel\nof the ensembles is qualitatively different from those of Gaussian and the\ncritical ensembles. In this work, we make further efforts to characterize the\ntwo-level kernel of the $\\lambda$-ensembles and discuss its various properties.\nTo this end, we first show that the kernel of the $\\lambda$-ensembles also\npossess an anomalous structure characteristic of the critical ensembles, namely\nthe ghost correlation peak. We then propose, albeit in a restricted regime, a\nform of the two-level kernel which is distinct from the sine kernel of the\nGaussian ensembles as well as the sinh kernel of the critical ensembles. We\ntest the proposed form numerically and discuss its implications. In particular,\nwe show that the case $\\lambda > 1$ is qualitatively distinct from the case\n$\\lambda <1$, the latter decribing true fat-tail ensembles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Using Harmonic Mean to Replace Tsallis' q-Average: In this paper, a unified mathematical expression for the constraints leading\nto the equilibrium distributions of both extensive and non-extensive systems is\npresented. Based on this expression, a recommendation is made to replace\nTsallis' q-average without obvious physical meaning with the statistical\nharmonic mean for a generalized system.",
        "positive": "Out-of-time-ordered correlators in quantum Ising chain: Out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOC) have been proposed to characterize\nquantum chaos in generic systems. However, they can also show interesting\nbehavior in integrable models, resembling the OTOC in chaotic systems in some\naspects. Here we study the OTOC for different operators in the exactly-solvable\none-dimensional quantum Ising spin chain. The OTOC for spin operators that are\nlocal in terms of the Jordan-Wigner fermions has a \"shell-like\" structure:\nafter the wavefront passes, the OTOC approaches its original value in the\nlong-time limit, showing no signature of scrambling; the approach is described\nby a $t^{-1}$ power law at long time $t$. On the other hand, the OTOC for spin\noperators that are nonlocal in the Jordan-Wigner fermions has a \"ball-like\"\nstructure, with its value reaching zero in the long-time limit, looking like a\nsignature of scrambling; the approach to zero, however, is described by a slow\npower law $t^{-1/4}$ for the Ising model at the critical coupling. These\nlong-time power-law behaviors in the lattice model are not captured by\nconformal field theory calculations. The mixed OTOC with both local and\nnonlocal operators in the Jordan-Wigner fermions also has a \"ball-like\"\nstructure, but the limiting values and the decay behavior appear to be\nnonuniversal. In all cases, we are not able to define a parametrically large\nwindow around the wavefront to extract the Lyapunov exponent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium, thermostats and thermodynamic limit: The relation between thermostats of \"isoenergetic\" and \"frictionless\" kind is\nstudied and their equivalence in the thermodynamic limit is proved in space\ndimension $d=1,2$ and, for special geometries, $d=3$.",
        "positive": "Exact large-scale fluctuations of the phase field in the sine-Gordon\n  model: We present the first exact theory and analytical formulas for the large-scale\nphase fluctuations in the sine-Gordon model, valid in all regimes of the field\ntheory, for arbitrary temperatures and interaction strengths. Our result is\nbased on the Ballistic Fluctuation Theory combined with Generalized\nHydrodynamics, and can be seen as an exact ``dressing\" of the phenomenological\nsoliton-gas picture first introduced by Sachdev and Young [S. Sachdev and A. P.\nYoung, PRL 78, 2220 (1997)], to the modes of Generalised Hydrodynamics. The\nresulting physics of phase fluctuations in the sine-Gordon model is\nqualitatively different, as the stable quasi-particles of integrability give\ncoherent ballistic propagation instead of diffusive spreading. We provide\nextensive numerical checks of our analytical predictions within the classical\nregime of the field theory by using Monte Carlo methods. We discuss how our\nresults are of ready applicability to experiments on tunnel-coupled\nquasicondensates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium and nonequilibrium entanglement properties of 2D and 3D\n  Fermi gases: We investigate the entanglement properties of the equilibrium and\nnonequilibrium quantum dynamics of 2D and 3D Fermi gases, by computing\nentanglement entropies of extended space regions, which generally show\nmultiplicative logarithmic corrections to the leading power-law behaviors,\ncorresponding to the logarithmic corrections to the area law.\n  We consider 2D and 3D Fermi gases of N particles constrained within a limited\nspace region, for example by a hard-wall trap, at equilibrium at T=0, i.e. in\ntheir ground state, and compute the first few terms of the asymptotic large-N\nbehaviors of entanglement entropies and particle fluctuations of subsystems\nwith some convenient geometries, which allow us to significantly extend their\ncomputation. Then, we consider their nonequilibrium dynamics after\ninstantaneously dropping the hard-wall trap, which allows the gas to expand\nfreely. We compute the time dependence of the von Neumann entanglement entropy\nof space regions around the original trap. We show that at small time it is\ncharacterized by the relation $S \\approx \\pi^2 V/3$ with the particle variance,\nand multiplicative logarithmic corrections to the leading power law, i.e. $S\n\\sim t^{1-d}\\ln(1/t)$.",
        "positive": "Efficiency bounds for nonequilibrium heat engines: We analyze the efficiency of thermal engines (either quantum or classical)\nworking with a single heat reservoir like atmosphere. The engine first gets an\nenergy intake, which can be done in arbitrary non-equilibrium way e.g.\ncombustion of fuel. Then the engine performs the work and returns to the\ninitial state. We distinguish two general classes of engines where the working\nbody first equilibrates within itself and then performs the work (ergodic\nengine) or when it performs the work before equilibrating (non-ergodic engine).\nWe show that in both cases the second law of thermodynamics limits their\nefficiency. For ergodic engines we find a rigorous upper bound for the\nefficiency, which is strictly smaller than the equivalent Carnot efficiency.\nI.e. the Carnot efficiency can be never achieved in single reservoir heat\nengines. For non-ergodic engines the efficiency can be higher and can exceed\nthe equilibrium Carnot bound. By extending the fundamental thermodynamic\nrelation to nonequilibrium processes, we find a rigorous thermodynamic bound\nfor the efficiency of both ergodic and non-ergodic engines and show that it is\ngiven by the relative entropy of the non-equilibrium and initial equilibrium\ndistributions.These results suggest a new general strategy for designing more\nefficient engines. We illustrate our ideas by using simple examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low-energy excitations of spin-Peierls chains with modified\n  bond-impurities: The introduction of modified bond-defects in spin-Peierls systems is\ninvestigated in a model of antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin chains coupled to\nadiabatic phonons. Generically, new low-energy magnetic or non-magnetic\nexcitations appear below the bulk spin gap energy. When two adjacent bonds are\nmodified, these excitations can be interpreted in terms of boundstates of a\nsoliton with the localized spin-1/2 located on the impurity site. It is shown\nthat the confining potential occurs even in the case of {\\it isolated} chains.",
        "positive": "Atom-dimer scattering for confined ultracold fermion gases: We solve the three-body problem of an ultracold Fermi gas with parabolic\nconfinement length $a_\\perp$ and 3D scattering length $a$. On the two-body\nlevel, there is a Feshbach-type resonance at $a_\\perp/a\\approx 1.46$, and a\ndimer state for arbitrary $a_\\perp/a$. The three-body problem is shown to be\nuniversal, an d described by the atom-dimer scattering length $a_{ad}$ and a\nrange parameter $b_{ad}$. In the dimer limit $a_\\perp/a\\gg 1$, we find a\nrepulsive zero-range atom-dimer interaction. For $a_\\perp/a\\ll -1$, however,\nthe potential has long range, with $a_{ad}>0$ and $b_{ad}\\gg a_{ad}$. There is\nno trimer state, and despite $a_{ad}=0$ at $a_\\perp/a\\approx 2.6$, there is no\nresonance enhancement of the interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Escorted free energy simulations: We describe a strategy to improve the efficiency of free energy estimates by\nreducing dissipation in nonequilibrium Monte Carlo simulations. This strategy\ngeneralizes the targeted free energy perturbation approach [Phys. Rev. E. 65,\n046122, 2002] to nonequilibrium switching simulations, and involves generating\nartificial, \"escorted\" trajectories by coupling the evolution of the system to\nupdates in external work parameter. Our central results are: (1) a generalized\nfluctuation theorem for the escorted trajectories, and (2) estimators for the\nfree energy difference Delta F in terms of these trajectories. We illustrate\nthe method and its effectiveness on model systems.",
        "positive": "Entanglement entropy in Fermi gases and Anderson's orthogonality\n  catastrophe: We study the ground-state entanglement entropy of a subsystem of size $L$ of\nnon-interacting fermions scattered by a potential of finite range $a$. We\nderive a general relation between the scattering matrix and the overlap matrix\nand use it to prove, that for a one-dimensional symmetric potential the von\nNeumann entropy, the R\\'enyi entropies and the full counting statistics are\nrobust against potential scattering, provided that $L/a\\gg 1$. The results of\nnumerical calculations support the validity of this conclusion for a generic\npotential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous scaling in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence: Effects of\n  anisotropy and compressibility in the kinematic approximation: The field theoretic renormalization group and the operator product expansion\nare applied to the model of passive vector (magnetic) field advected by a\nrandom turbulent velocity field. The latter is governed by the Navier--Stokes\nequation for compressible fluid, subject to external random force with the\ncovariance $\\propto \\delta(t-t') k^{4-d-y}$, where $d$ is the dimension of\nspace and $y$ is an arbitrary exponent. From physics viewpoints, the model\ndescribes magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in the so-called kinematic\napproximation, where the effects of the magnetic field on the dynamics of the\nfluid are neglected. The original stochastic problem is reformulated as a\nmultiplicatively renormalizable field theoretic model; the corresponding\nrenormalization group equations possess an infrared attractive fixed point. It\nis shown that various correlation functions of the magnetic field and its\npowers demonstrate anomalous scaling behavior in the inertial-convective range\nalready for small values of~$y$. The corresponding anomalous exponents,\nidentified with scaling (critical) dimensions of certain composite fields\n(\"operators\" in the quantum-field terminology), can be systematically\ncalculated as series in $y$. The practical calculation is performed in the\nleading one-loop approximation, including exponents in anisotropic\ncontributions. It should be emphasized that, in contrast to Gaussian ensembles\nwith finite correlation time, the model and the perturbation theory presented\nhere are manifestly Galilean covariant.",
        "positive": "Phase Transitions in Frustrated Vector Spin Systems: Numerical Studies: We present in this chapter a review on recent numerical studies dealing with\nfrustrated vector spin systems in two and three dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Yet another method to compute the thermodynamic Casimir force in lattice\n  models: We discuss a method that allows to compute the thermodynamic Casimir force at\na given temperature in lattice models by performing a single Monte Carlo\nsimulation. It is analogous to the one used by de Forcrand and Noth and de\nForcrand, Lucini and Vettorazzo in the study of 't Hooft loops and the\ninterface tension in SU(N) lattice gauge models in four dimensions. We test the\nmethod at the example of thin films in the XY universality class. In particular\nwe simulate the improved two-component phi^4 model on the simple cubic lattice.\nThis allows us to compare with our previous study, where we have computed the\nCasimir force by numerically integrating energy densities over the inverse\ntemperature.",
        "positive": "A streamlined molecular-dynamics workflow for computing solubilities of\n  molecular and ionic crystals: Computing the solubility of crystals in a solvent using atomistic simulations\nis notoriously challenging due to the complexities and convergence issues\nassociated with free-energy methods, as well as the slow equilibration in\ndirect-coexistence simulations. This paper introduces a molecular-dynamics\nworkflow that simplifies and robustly computes the solubility of molecular or\nionic crystals. This method is considerably more straightforward than the\nstate-of-the-art, as we have streamlined and optimised each step of the\nprocess. Specifically, we calculate the chemical potential of the crystal using\nthe gas-phase molecule as a reference state, and employ the S0 method to\ndetermine the concentration dependence of the chemical potential of the solute.\nWe use this workflow to predict the solubilities of sodium chloride in water,\nurea polymorphs in water, and paracetamol polymorphs in both water and ethanol.\nOur findings indicate that the predicted solubility is sensitive to the chosen\npotential energy surface. Furthermore, we note that the harmonic approximation\noften fails for both molecular crystals and gas molecules at or above room\ntemperature, and that the assumption of an ideal solution becomes less valid\nfor highly soluble substances."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging processes in reversible reaction-diffusion systems: Reversible reaction-diffusion systems display anomalous dynamics\ncharacterized by a power-law relaxation toward stationarity. In this paper we\nstudy in the aging regime the nonequilibrium dynamical properties of some model\nsystems with reversible reactions. Starting from the exact Langevin equations\ndescribing these models, we derive expressions for two-time correlation and\nautoresponse functions and obtain a simple aging behavior for these quantities.\nThe autoresponse function is thereby found to depend on the specific nature of\nthe chosen perturbation of the system.",
        "positive": "Equivalence of the two results for the free energy of the chiral Potts\n  model: The free energy of the chiral Potts model has been obtained in two ways. The\nfirst used only the star-triangle relation, symmetries and invariances, and led\nto a system of equations that implicitly define the free energy, and from which\nthe critical behaviour can be obtained. The second used the functional\nrelations derived by Bazhanov and Stroganov, solving them to obtain the free\nenergy explicitly as a double integral. Here we obtain, for the first time, a\ndirect verification that the two results are identical at all temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement Entropy from the Truncated Conformal Space: A new numerical approach to entanglement entropies of the Renyi type is\nproposed for one-dimensional quantum field theories. The method extends the\ntruncated conformal spectrum approach and we will demonstrate that it is\nespecially suited to study the crossover from massless to massive behavior when\nthe subsystem size is comparable to the correlation length. We apply it to\ndifferent deformations of massless free fermions, corresponding to the scaling\nlimit of the Ising model in transverse and longitudinal fields. For massive\nfree fermions the exactly known crossover function is reproduced already in\nvery small system sizes. The new method treats ground states and excited states\non the same footing, and the applicability for excited states is illustrated by\nreproducing Renyi entropies of low-lying states in the transverse field Ising\nmodel.",
        "positive": "The Resistance Of Randomly Grown Trees: An electrical network with the structure of a random tree is considered:\nstarting from a root vertex, in one iteration each leaf (a vertex with zero or\none adjacent edges) of the tree is extended by either a single edge with\nprobability $p$ or two edges with probability $1-p$. With each edge having a\nresistance equal to 1, the total resistance $R_{n}$ between the root vertex and\na busbar connecting all the vertices at the $n^{th}$ level is considered.\nRepresenting $R_{n}$ as a dynamical system it is shown that $\\langle R_{n}\n\\rangle$ approaches $(1+p)/(1-p)$ as $n\\rightarrow\\infty$, the distribution of\n$R_{n}$ at large $n$ is also examined. Additionally, expressing $R_{n}$ as a\nrandom sequence, its mean is shown to be related to the Legendre polynomials\nand that it converges to the mean with $|\\langle R_{n}\\rangle-(1+p)/(1-p)|\\sim\nn^{-1/2}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pitchfork and Hopf bifurcation thresholds in stochastic equations with\n  delayed feedback: The bifurcation diagram of a model stochastic differential equation with\ndelayed feedback is presented. We are motivated by recent research on\nstochastic effects in models of transcriptional gene regulation. We start from\nthe normal form for a pitchfork bifurcation, and add multiplicative or\nparametric noise and linear delayed feedback. The latter is sufficient to\noriginate a Hopf bifurcation in that region of parameters in which there is a\nsufficiently strong negative feedback. We find a sharp bifurcation in parameter\nspace, and define the threshold as the point in which the stationary\ndistribution function p(x) changes from a delta function at the trivial state\nx=0 to p(x) ~ x^alpha at small x (with alpha = -1 exactly at threshold). We\nfind that the bifurcation threshold is shifted by fluctuations relative to the\ndeterministic limit by an amount that scales linearly with the noise intensity.\nAnalytic calculations of the bifurcation threshold are also presented in the\nlimit of small delay tau -> 0 that compare quite favorably with the numerical\nsolutions even for tau = 1.",
        "positive": "Multiplicative Langevin Equation to Reproduce Long-time Properties of\n  Nonequilibrium Brownian Motion: We statistically examine long time sequences of Brownian motion for a\nnonequilibrium version of the Rayleigh piston model and confirm that the third\ncumulant of a long-time displacement for the nonequilibrium Brownian motion\nlinearly increases with the observation time interval. We identify a\nmultiplicative Langevin equation that can reproduce the cumulants of the\nlong-time displacement up to at least the third order, as well as its mean,\nvariance and skewness. The identified Langevin equation involves a\nvelocity-dependent friction coefficient that breaks the time-reversibility and\nmay act as a generator of the directionality. Our method to find the Langevin\nequation is not specific to the Rayleigh piston model but may be applied to a\ngeneral time sequence in various fields."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Caliber based spectral gap optimization of order parameters (SGOOP) for\n  sampling complex molecular systems: In modern day simulations of many-body systems much of the computational\ncomplexity is shifted to the identification of slowly changing molecular order\nparameters called collective variables (CV) or reaction coordinates. A vast\narray of enhanced sampling methods are based on the identification and biasing\nof these low-dimensional order parameters, whose fluctuations are important in\ndriving rare events of interest. Here describe a new algorithm for finding\noptimal low-dimensional collective variables for use in enhanced sampling\nbiasing methods like umbrella sampling, metadynamics and related methods, when\nlimited prior static and dynamic information is known about the system, and a\nmuch larger set of candidate CVs is specified. The algorithm involves\nestimating the best combination of these candidate CVs, as quantified by a\nmaximum path entropy estimate of the spectral gap for dynamics viewed as a\nfunction of that CV. Through multiple practical examples, we show how this\npost-processing procedure can lead to optimization of CV and several orders of\nmagnitude improvement in the convergence of the free energy calculated through\nmetadynamics, essentially giving the ability to extract useful information even\nfrom unsuccessful metadynamics runs.",
        "positive": "Dissipative particle dynamics: the equilibrium for finite time steps: Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) is a relatively new technique which has\nproved successful in the simulation of complex fluids. We caution that for the\nequilibrium achieved by the DPD simulation of a simple fluid the temperature\ndepends strongly on the time step. An analytic expression for the dependence is\nobtained and shown to agree well with simulation results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From Rosenbluth Sampling to PERM - rare event sampling with stochastic\n  growth algorithms: We discuss uniform sampling algorithms that are based on stochastic growth\nmethods, using sampling of extreme configurations of polymers in simple lattice\nmodels as a motivation. We shall show how a series of clever enhancements to a\nfifty-odd year old algorithm, the Rosenbluth method, led to a cutting-edge\nalgorithm capable of uniform sampling of equilibrium statistical mechanical\nsystems of polymers in situations where competing algorithms failed to perform\nwell. Examples range from collapsed homo-polymers near sticky surfaces to\nmodels of protein folding.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of Generalized Hydrodynamics: Hyperbolic and Pseudohyperbolic\n  Burgers Equations: The equations of continuum hydrodynamics can be derived from the Boltzmann\nequation, which describes rarefied gas dynamics at the kinetic level, by means\nof the Chapman-Enskog expansion. This expansion assumes a small Knudsen number,\nand as a consequence, the hydrodynamics equations are able to successfully\ndescribe sound propagation when the frequency of a sound wave is much higher\nthan the collision frequency of the particles. When both frequencies become\ncomparable, these equations give a poor account of the experimental\nmeasurements. A series of generalized hydrodynamic equations has been\nintroduced in the literature along the years in order to improve the continuous\ndescription of small scale properties of fluid flow, as ultrasound propagation.\nWe will describe herein some of the simplified models that has been proposed so\nfar."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized master equation for first-passage problems in partitioned\n  spaces: Motivated by a range of biological applications related to the transport of\nmolecules in cells, we present a modular framework to treat first-passage\nproblems for diffusion in partitioned spaces. The spatial domains can differ\nwith respect to their diffusivity, geometry, and dimensionality, but can also\nrefer to transport modes alternating between diffusive, driven, or anomalous\nmotion. The approach relies on a coarse-graining of the motion by dissecting\nthe trajectories on domain boundaries or when the mode of transport changes,\nyielding a small set of states. The time evolution of the reduced model follows\na generalized master equation (GME) for non-Markovian jump processes; the GME\ntakes the form of a set of linear integro-differential equations in the\noccupation probabilities of the states and the corresponding probability\nfluxes. Further building blocks of the model are partial first-passage time\n(FPT) densities, which encode the transport behavior in each domain or state.\nAfter an outline of the general framework for multiple domains, the approach is\nexemplified and validated for a target search problem with two domains in one-\nand three-dimensional space, first by exactly reproducing known results for an\nartificially divided, homogeneous space, and second by considering the\nsituation of domains with distinct diffusivities. Analytical solutions for the\nFPT densities are given in Laplace domain and are complemented by numerical\nbacktransforms yielding FPT densities over many decades in time, confirming\nthat the geometry and heterogeneity of the space can introduce additional\ncharacteristic time scales.",
        "positive": "Grassmann techniques applied to classical spin systems: We review problems involving the use of Grassmann techniques in the field of\nclassical spin systems in two dimensions. These techniques are useful to\nperform exact correspondences between classical spin Hamiltonians and\nfield-theory fermionic actions. This contributes to a better understanding of\ncritical behavior of these models in term of non-quadratic effective actions\nwhich can been seen as an extension of the free fermion Ising model. Within\nthis method, identification of bare masses allows for an accurate estimation of\ncritical points or lines and which is supported by Monte-Carlo results and\ndiagrammatic techniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Manifestation of strange nonchaotic attractors in extended systems: A\n  study through out-of-time-ordered correlators: We study the spatial spread of out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) in\ncoupled map lattices (CMLs) of quasiperiodically forced nonlinear maps. We use\ninstantaneous speed (IS) and finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLEs) to\ninvestigate the role of strange non-chaotic attractors (SNAs) on the spatial\nspread of the OTOC. We find that these CMLs exhibit a characteristic on and off\ntype of spread of the OTOC for SNA. Further, we provide a broad spectrum of the\nvarious dynamical regimes in a two-parameter phase diagram using IS and FTLEs.\nWe substantiate our results by confirming the presence of SNA using established\ntools and measures, namely the distribution of finite-time Lyapunov exponents,\nphase sensitivity, spectrum of partial Fourier sums, and $0-1$ test.",
        "positive": "On the Red-Green-Blue Model: We experimentally study the red-green-blue model, which is a sytem of loops\nobtained by superimposing three dimer coverings on offset hexagonal lattices.\nWe find that when the boundary conditions are ``flat'', the red-green-blue\nloops are closely related to SLE_4 and double-dimer loops, which are the loops\nformed by superimposing two dimer coverings of the cartesian lattice. But we\nalso find that the red-green-blue loops are more tightly nested than the\ndouble-dimer loops. We also investigate the 2D minimum spanning tree, and find\nthat it is not conformally invariant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size scaling for non-linear rheology of fluids confined in a\n  small space: We perform molecular dynamics simulations in order to examine the rheological\ntransition of fluids confined in a small space. By performing finite-size\nscaling analysis, we demonstrate that this rheological transition results from\nthe competition between the system size and the length scale of cooperative\nparticle motion.",
        "positive": "Macroscopic fluctuation theory of local collisional dynamics: We explain why the macroscopic fluctuations of deterministic local collision\ndynamics should be characterized by a non strictly convex functional."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of money: In a closed economic system, money is conserved. Thus, by analogy with\nenergy, the equilibrium probability distribution of money must follow the\nexponential Gibbs law characterized by an effective temperature equal to the\naverage amount of money per economic agent. We demonstrate how the Gibbs\ndistribution emerges in computer simulations of economic models. Then we\nconsider a thermal machine, in which the difference of temperatures allows one\nto extract a monetary profit. We also discuss the role of debt, and models with\nbroken time-reversal symmetry for which the Gibbs law does not hold.",
        "positive": "Single file diffusion meets Feynman path integral: The path-integral representation of Smoluchowski equation is exploited to\nexplore the stochastic dynamics of a tagged Brownian particle within an\ninteracting system where hydrodynamic effects are neglected. In particular,\nthis formalism is applied to a particle system confined to a one-dimensional\ninfinite line aiming to investigate the single-file diffusion phenomenon in\nthis scenario. In particular, the path-integral method is contrasted against\nthe standard many-particle Langevin equation for a system of interacting\nBrownian particles in a harmonic chain model, exhibiting excellent agreement;\nin this case of study a formula defined on the whole time-scale for the\nmean-square displacement, in the thermodynamic limit, is found for the tracer\nparticle in terms of Bessel functions, recovering also the single-file regime.\nAdditionally, a Brownian particle system with paramagnetic interactions is\nconsidered near crystallization where the total interaction potential is\nroughly a harmonic potential. Taking advantage of the path-integral formalism a\nsimple perturbation treatment is carried out to investigate the single file\ndiffusion behavior when temperature is increased away from the crystal phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A soluble model of a Non-Equilibrium Steady State: the van Kampen\n  objection and other lessons: A simple model of charge transport is provided by a classical particle in a\nsmooth random potential and a dissipative coupling to the environment in the\nform of Markovian noise and friction. The corresponding Non-Equilibrium Steady\nState (NESS) can be determined analytically when both the disorder and\ndissipation are weak. We use it to illuminate some foundational issues in\nnon-equilibrium statistical mechanics. We show that Linear Response Theory has\na nonempty regime of validity only in the presence of a dissipative coupling to\nthe environment, thereby validating van Kampen's objection. We also show that\nthe Principle of Minimum Entropy Production does not determine the NESS beyond\nlinear order in the electric field, while entropy maximization fails to produce\nthe correct NESS already at linear order.",
        "positive": "Morphology of Fine-Particle Monolayers Deposited on Nanopatterned\n  Substrates: We study the effect of the presence of a regular substrate pattern on the\nirreversible adsorption of nanosized and colloid particles. Deposition of disks\nof radius $r_0$ is considered, with the allowed regions for their center\nattachment at the planar surface consisting of square cells arranged in a\nsquare lattice pattern. We study the jammed state properties of a generalized\nversion of the random sequential adsorption model for different values of the\ncell size, $a$, and cell-cell separation, $b$. The model shows a surprisingly\nrich behavior in the space of the two dimensionless parameters $\\alpha=a/2r_0$\nand $\\beta=b/2r_0$. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations for system sizes of\n$500\\times500$ square lattice unit cells were performed by utilizing an\nefficient algorithm, to characterize the jammed state morphology."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling properties of work fluctuations after quenches at quantum\n  transitions: We study the scaling properties of the statistics of the work done on a\ngeneric many-body system at a quantum phase transition of any order and type,\narising from quenches of a driving control parameter. For this purpose we\nexploit a dynamic finite-size scaling framework. Namely, we put forward the\nexistence of a nontrivial finite-size scaling limit for the work distribution,\ndefined as the large-size limit when appropriate scaling variables are kept\nfixed. The corresponding scaling behaviors are thoroughly verified by means of\nanalytical and numerical calculations in two paradigmatic many-body systems as\nthe quantum Ising model and the Bose-Hubbard model.",
        "positive": "Some positive thoughts about Negative Absolute Temperature: It is now widely accepted that the concept of negative absolute temperature\nis real one and not just theoretical curiosity. In this brief report, by\ncombining the formalism used in the statistical mechanics and thermodynamics,\nwe have explained some aspects of negative temperature ( both mathematically\nand graphically ) in the two level system. We believe that these simple\ncalculations may give useful and concrete insights about the negative absolute\ntemperature to the undergraduate students."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic behaviour of magnetocaloric quantities in spin-1/2 Ising\n  square trilayer: A spin-1/2, Ising trilayered ferrimagnetic system on square Bravais lattice\nis studied, employing Monte-Carlo simulation with the single spin-flip\nMetropolis algorithm. The bulk of such a system is formed by three layers, each\nof which is composed entirely either by A or B type of atoms, resulting in two\ndistinct compositions: ABA and AAB and two different types of magnetic\ninteractions: ferromagnetic between like atoms and antiferromagnetic between\nunlike atoms. For such systems, Inverse Absolute of Reduced Residual\nMagnetisation is the absolute value of the ratio of the extremum of the\nmagnetisation in between compensation and critical points and the saturation\nmagnetisation. Variation of relative interaction strengths in the Hamiltonian,\nfor a range of values, leads to the shift of compensation point and critical\npoint and changes in the magnitude of Inverse absolute of Reduced Residual\nmagnetisation. Probable mathematical forms of dependences of the Inverse\nabsolute of Reduced Residual magnetisation and temperature interval between the\ncompensation and critical points on controlling parameters were proposed in the\nabsence of applied magnetic field and have obtained phase diagrams for both\ntypes of configurations from these relations. This alternative description of\nthe simulated systems may help technologists design magnetocaloric materials\naccording to desired characteristics.",
        "positive": "Bose-Einstein Condensation of Confined and Non-interacting Bose\n  Particles by the Integral Representation of Bose Functions: With the integral representation of Bose functions, the Bose-Einstein\ncondensation of non-interacting bosons in a three-dimensional harmonic trap was\nstudied. The relation between the particle number and its phase transition\ntemperature was clarified. Some next-order terms in the thermodynamic\nexpansions were obtained. We plotted the chemical potential, the mean energy,\nand the specific heat and found most of these properties obtained by using the\nintegral representation were almost identical with those of the series\nrepresentation of Bose functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement, combinatorics and finite-size effects in spin-chains: We carry out a systematic study of the exact block entanglement in XXZ\nspin-chain at Delta=-1/2. We present, the first analytic expressions for\nreduced density matrices of n spins in a chain of length L (for n<=6 and\narbitrary but odd L) of a truly interacting model. The entanglement entropy,\nthe moments of the reduced density matrix, and its spectrum are then easily\nderived. We explicitely construct the \"entanglement Hamiltonian\" as the\nlogarithm of this matrix. Exploiting the degeneracy of the ground-state, we\nfind the scaling behavior of entanglement of the zero-temperature mixed state.",
        "positive": "Extended Gibbs ensembles with flow: A statistical treatment of finite unbound systems in the presence of\ncollective motions is presented and applied to a classical Lennard-Jones\nHamiltonian, numerically simulated through molecular dynamics. In the ideal gas\nlimit, the flow dynamics can be exactly re-casted into effective time-dependent\nLagrange parameters acting on a standard Gibbs ensemble with an extra total\nenergy conservation constraint. Using this same ansatz for the low density\nfreeze-out configurations of an interacting expanding system, we show that the\npresence of flow can have a sizeable effect on the microstate distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distinct universality classes of diffusive transport from full counting\n  statistics: The hydrodynamic transport of local conserved densities furnishes an\neffective coarse-grained description of the dynamics of a many-body quantum\nsystem. However, the full quantum dynamics contains much more structure beyond\nthe simplified hydrodynamic description. Here we show that systems with the\nsame hydrodynamics can nevertheless belong to distinct dynamical universality\nclasses, as revealed by new classes of experimental observables accessible in\nsynthetic quantum systems, which can, for instance, measure simultaneous\nsite-resolved snapshots of all of the particles in a system. Specifically, we\nstudy the full counting statistics of spin transport, whose first moment is\nrelated to linear-response transport, but the higher moments go beyond. We\npresent an analytic theory of the full counting statistics of spin transport in\nvarious integrable and non-integrable anisotropic one-dimensional spin models,\nincluding the XXZ spin chain. We find that spin transport, while diffusive on\naverage, is governed by a distinct non-Gaussian dynamical universality class in\nthe models considered. We consider a setup in which the left and right half of\nthe chain are initially created at different magnetization densities, and\nconsider the probability distribution of the magnetization transferred between\nthe two half-chains. We derive a closed-form expression for the probability\ndistribution of the magnetization transfer, in terms of random walks on the\nhalf-line. We show that this distribution strongly violates the large-deviation\nform expected for diffusive chaotic systems, and explain the physical origin of\nthis violation. We discuss the crossovers that occur as the initial state is\nbrought closer to global equilibrium. Our predictions can directly be tested in\nexperiments using quantum gas microscopes or superconducting qubit arrays.",
        "positive": "When is a quantity additive, and when is it extensive?: The difference between the terms additivity and extensivity, as well as their\nrespective negations, is critically analyzed and illustrated with a few\nexamples. The concepts of subadditivity, pseudo-additivity, and\npseudo-extensivity are also defined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probability distribution of the order parameter: The probability distribution of the order parameter is exploited in order to\nobtain the criticality of magnetic systems. Monte Carlo simulations have been\nemployed by using single spin flip Metropolis algorithm aided by finite-size\nscaling and histogram reweighting techniques. A method is proposed to obtain\nthis probability distribution even when the transition temperature of the model\nis unknown. A test is performed on the two-dimensional spin-1/2 and spin-1\nIsing model and the results show that the present procedure can be quite\nefficient and accurate to describe the criticality of the system.",
        "positive": "Renyi entropies for classical stringnet models: In quantum mechanics, stringnet condensed states - a family of prototypical\nstates exhibiting non-trivial topological order - can be classified via their\nlong-range entanglement properties, in particular topological corrections to\nthe prevalent area law of the entanglement entropy. Here we consider classical\nanalogs of such stringnet models whose partition function is given by an\nequal-weight superposition of classical stringnet configurations. Our analysis\nof the Shannon and Renyi entropies for a bipartition of a given system reveals\nthat the prevalent volume law for these classical entropies is augmented by\nsubleading topological corrections that are intimately linked to the anyonic\ntheories underlying the construction of the classical models. We determine the\nuniversal values of these topological corrections for a number of underlying\nanyonic theories including su(2)_k, su(N)_1, and su(N)_2 theories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density fluctuations and the structure of a nonuniform hard sphere fluid: We derive an exact equation for density changes induced by a general external\nfield that corrects the hydrostatic approximation where the local value of the\nfield is adsorbed into a modified chemical potential. Using linear response\ntheory to relate density changes self-consistently in different regions of\nspace, we arrive at an integral equation for a hard sphere fluid that is exact\nin the limit of a slowly varying field or at low density and reduces to the\naccurate Percus-Yevick equation for a hard core field. This and related\nequations give accurate results for a wide variety of fields.",
        "positive": "Phase Transition in Heisenberg Fully Frustrated Simple Cubic Lattice: The phase transition in frustrated spin systems is a fascinated subject in\nstatistical physics. We show the result obtained by the Wang-Landau flat\nhistogram Monte Carlo simulation on the phase transition in the fully\nfrustrated simple cubic lattice with the Heisenberg spin model. The degeneracy\nof the ground state of this system is infinite with two continuous parameters.\nWe find a clear first-order transition in contradiction with previous studies\nwhich have shown a second-order transition with unusual critical properties.\nThe robustness of our calculations allows us to conclude this issue putting an\nend to the 20-year long uncertainty."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum refrigerators in finite-time cycle duration: We derive cooling rate and coefficient of performance as well as their\nvariances for a quantum Otto engine proceeding in finite-time cycle period.\nThis machine consists of two driven strokes, where the system isolated from the\nheat reservoir undergoes finite-time unitary transformation, and two isochoric\nsteps, where the finite-time system-bath interaction durations take the system\naway from the equilibrium even at the respective ends of the two stages. We\nexplicitly calculate the statistics of cooling rate and coefficient of\nperformance for the machine operating with an analytically solvable two-level\nsystem. We clarify the role of finite-time durations of four processes on the\nmachine performance. We show that there is the trade-off between the\nperformance parameter and its corresponding variance, thereby indicating that\nthe cooling rate or coefficient of performance can be enhanced, but at the cost\nof increasing the corresponding fluctuations.",
        "positive": "\"Nonlinear\" covariance matrix and portfolio theory for non-Gaussian\n  multivariate distributions: This paper offers a precise analytical characterization of the distribution\nof returns for a portfolio constituted of assets whose returns are described by\nan arbitrary joint multivariate distribution. In this goal, we introduce a\nnon-linear transformation that maps the returns onto gaussian variables whose\ncovariance matrix provides a new measure of dependence between the non-normal\nreturns, generalizing the covariance matrix into a non-linear fractional\ncovariance matrix. This nonlinear covariance matrix is chiseled to the specific\nfat tail structure of the underlying marginal distributions, thus ensuring\nstability and good-conditionning. The portfolio distribution is obtained as the\nsolution of a mapping to a so-called phi-q field theory in particle physics, of\nwhich we offer an extensive treatment using Feynman diagrammatic techniques and\nlarge deviation theory, that we illustrate in details for multivariate Weibull\ndistributions. The main result of our theory is that minimizing the portfolio\nvariance (i.e. the relatively ``small'' risks) may often increase the large\nrisks, as measured by higher normalized cumulants. Extensive empirical tests\nare presented on the foreign exchange market that validate satisfactorily the\ntheory. For ``fat tail'' distributions, we show that an adequete prediction of\nthe risks of a portfolio relies much more on the correct description of the\ntail structure rather than on their correlations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spontaneous repulsion in the $A+B\\to0$ reaction on coupled networks: We study the transient dynamics of an $A+B \\rightarrow 0$ process on a pair\nof randomly coupled networks, where reactants are initially separated. We find\nthat, for sufficiently small fractions $q$ of cross-couplings, the\nconcentration of $A$ (or $B$) particles decays linearly in a first stage and\ncrosses over to a second linear decrease at a mixing time $t_x$. By numerical\nand analytical arguments, we show that for symmetric and homogeneous structures\n$t_x\\propto(\\nicefrac{\\langle k \\rangle}{q})\\log(\\nicefrac{\\langle k\n\\rangle}{q})$ where $\\langle k \\rangle$ is the mean degree of both networks.\nBeing this behavior in marked contrast with a purely diffusive process---where\nthe mixing time would go simply like $\\langle k\\rangle/q$---we identify the\nlogarithmic slowing down in $t_x$ to be the result of a novel spontaneous\nmechanism of {\\em repulsion} between the reactants $A$ and $B$ due to the\ninteractions taking place at the networks' interface. We show numerically how\nthis spontaneous repulsion effect depends on the topology of the underlying\nnetworks.",
        "positive": "Reconstructing a Random Potential from its Random Walks: The problem of how many trajectories of a random walker in a potential are\nneeded to reconstruct the values of this potential is studied. We show that\nthis problem can be solved by calculating the probability of survival of an\nabstract random walker in a partially absorbing potential. The approach is\nillustrated on the discrete Sinai (random force) model with a drift. We\ndetermine the parameter (temperature, duration of each trajectory, ...) values\nmaking reconstruction as fast as possible."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the energetics of information exchange: We consider the thermodynamic properties of systems in contact with an\ninformation source and focus on the consequences of energetic cost associated\nwith the exchange of information. To this end we introduce the model of a\nthermal tape and derive a general bound for the efficiency of work extraction\nfor systems in contact with such a tape. Depending on the perspective, the\ncorrelations between system and tape may either increase or reduce the\nefficiency of the device. We illustrate our general results with two exactly\nsolvable models, one being an autonomous system, the other one involving\nmeasurement and feedback. We also define an ideal tape limit in which our\nfindings reduce to known results.",
        "positive": "Dimensional reduction in a model with infinitely many absorbing states: Using Monte Carlo method we study a two-dimensional model with infinitely\nmany absorbing states. Our estimation of the critical exponent beta=0.273(5)\nsuggests that the model belongs to the (1+1) rather than (2+1)\ndirected-percolation universality class. We also show that for a large class of\nabsorbing states the dynamic Monte Carlo method leads to spurious dynamical\ntransitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Rydberg platform for non-ergodic chiral quantum dynamics: We propose a mechanism for engineering chiral interactions in Rydberg atoms\nvia a directional antiblockade condition, where an atom can change its state\nonly if an atom to its right (or left) is excited. The scalability of our\nscheme enables us to explore the many-body dynamics of kinetically constrained\nmodels with unidirectional character. We observe non-ergodic behavior via\neither scars, confinement, or localization, upon simply tuning the strength of\ntwo driving fields acting on the atoms. We discuss how our mechanism persists\nin the presence of classical noise and how the degree of chirality in the\ninteractions can be tuned, providing paths for investigating a wide range of\nmodels.",
        "positive": "Integrable multi atom matter-radiation models without rotating wave\n  approximation: Interacting matter-radiation models close to physical systems are proposed,\nwhich without rotating wave approximation and with matter-matter interactions\nare Bethe ansatz solvable.\n  This integrable system is constructed from the elliptic\n  Gaudin model at high spin limit, where radiative excitation can be included\nperturbatively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Structure and Dynamics of Sodium Disilicate: We investigate the structure and dynamics of sodium disilicate by means of\nmolecular dynamics computer simulation. We show that the structure is described\nby a partially destroyed tetrahedral SiO_4 network and a spherical super\nstructure formed by the silicon and sodium atoms. The static structure factor\nof our simulation is in very good agreement with one from a neutron scattering\nexperiment. For 1008 particles we find strong finite size effects in the\ndynamics which are due to the missing of modes contributing to the boson peak.",
        "positive": "Accelerated Inertial Regime in the Spinodal Decomposition of Magnetic\n  Fluids: Furukawa predicted that at late times, the domain growth in binary fluids\nscales as $\\ell(t)\\sim t^{2/3}$, and the growth is driven by fluid inertia. The\n{\\it inertial growth regime} has been highly elusive in molecular dynamics (MD)\nsimulations. We perform coarsening studies of the Stockmayer (SM) model\ncomprising of magnetic dipoles that interact via long-range dipolar\ninteractions as well as the usual Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential. This\nfascinating polar fluid exhibits a gas-liquid phase coexistence, and magnetic\norder even in the absence of an external field. From comprehensive MD\nsimulations, we observe the inertial scaling [$\\ell(t)\\sim t^{2/3}$] in the SM\nfluid for an extended time window. Intriguingly, the fluid inertia is\noverwhelming from the outset - our simulations do not show the early diffusive\nregime [$\\ell(t)\\sim t^{1/3}$] and the intermediate viscous regime\n[$\\ell(t)\\sim t$] prevalent in LJ fluids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Response of Complex Systems to Complex Perturbations: Complexity\n  Matching: We argue that complex systems, defined as non-Poisson renewal process, with\ncomplexity index $\\mu$, exchange information through complexity matching. We\nillustrate this property with detailed theoretical and numerical calculations\ndescribing a system with complexity index $\\mu_{S}$ perturbed by a signal with\ncomplexity index $\\mu_{P}$. We focus our attention on the case $1.5 \\leq \\mu_S\n\\leq 2$ and $1 \\leq \\mu_{P} \\leq 2$. We show that for $\\mu_{S} \\geq \\mu_P$, the\nsystem S reproduces the perturbation, and the response intensity increases with\nincreasing $\\mu_P$. The maximum intensity is realized by the matching condition\n$\\mu_P = \\mu_S$. For $\\mu_{P} > \\mu_{S}$ the response intensity dies out as\n$1/t^{\\mu_P-\\mu_S}$.",
        "positive": "Thinking outside the box: fluctuations and finite size effects: The isothermal compressibility of an interacting or non interacting system\nmay be extracted from the fluctuations of the number of particles in a well\nchosen control volume. Finite size effects are prevalent and should then be\naccounted for to obtain a meaningful, thermodynamic compressibility. In the\ntraditional computational setup where a given simulation box is replicated with\nperiodic boundary conditions, we study particle number fluctuations outside the\nbox (i.e. when the control volume exceeds the box itself), which bear relevant\nthermodynamic information. We also investigate the related problem of\nextracting the compressibility from the structure factor in the small\nwave-vector limit ($k\\to 0$). The calculation should be restricted to the\ndiscrete set of wave-vectors $k$ that are compatible with the periodicity of\nthe system, and we assess the consequences of considering other $k$ values, a\nwidespread error among beginners."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalized phonons in nonlinear lattices: A variational approach: We propose a variational approach to study renormalized phonons in momentum\nconserving nonlinear lattices with either symmetric or asymmetric potentials.\nTo investigate the influence of pressure to phonon properties, we derive an\ninequality which provides both the lower and upper bound of the Gibbs free\nenergy as the associated variational principle. This inequality is a direct\nextension to the Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality. Taking the symmetry effect into\naccount, the reference system for the variational approach is chosen to be\nharmonic with an asymmetric quadratic potential which contains variational\nparameters. We demonstrate the power of this approach by applying it to one\ndimensional nonlinear lattices with a symmetric or asymmetric Fermi-Pasta- Ulam\ntype potential. For a system with a symmetric potential and zero pressure, we\nrecover existing results. For other systems which beyond the scope of existing\ntheories, including those having the symmetric potential and pressure, and\nthose having the asymmetric potential with or without pressure, we also obtain\naccurate sound velocity.",
        "positive": "Flashing subdiffusive ratchets in viscoelastic media: We study subdiffusive ratchet transport in periodically and randomly flashing\npotentials. Central Brownian particle is elastically coupled to surrounding\nauxiliary Brownian quasi-particles which account for the influence of\nviscoelastic environment. Similar to standard dynamical modeling of Brownian\nmotion, the external force influences only the motion of central particle not\naffecting directly the environmental degrees of freedom (see video). Just a\nhandful of auxiliary Brownian particles suffice to model subdiffusion over many\ntemporal decades. Time-modulation of the potential violates the symmetry of\nthermal detailed balance and induces anomalous subdiffusive current which\nexhibits a remarkable quality at low temperatures, as well as a number of other\nsurprising features such as saturation at low temperatures, and multiple\ninversions of the transport direction upon a change of the driving frequency in\nnonadiabatic regime. Our study generalizes classical Brownian motors towards\noperating in sticky viscoelastic environments like cytosol of biological cells\nor dense polymer solutions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Molecular Dynamics in the Multicanonical Ensemble: Equivalence of\n  Wang-Landau Sampling, Statistical Temperature Molecular Dynamics, and\n  Metadynamics: We show direct formal relationship between the Wang-Landau iteration [PRL 86,\n2050 (2001)], metadynamics [PNAS 99, 12562 (2002)] and statistical temperature\nmolecular dynamics [PRL 97, 050601 (2006)], the major Monte Carlo and molecular\ndynamics work-horses for sampling from a generalized, multicanonical ensemble.\nWe demonstrate that statistical temperature molecular dynamics (which is\nformally derived from the Wang-Landau method), augmented by the introduction of\nkernel updates of the statistical temperature, generates dynamics which are\nindistinguishable from a corresponding metadynamics simulation. We also show\nthat the use of a Gaussian kernel significantly improves the performance of\nstatistical temperature molecular dynamics, highlighting the practical benefits\nof this improved formal understanding.",
        "positive": "Effects of turbulent mixing on the nonequilibrium critical behaviour: We study effects of turbulent mixing on the critical behaviour of a\nnonequilibrium system near its second-order phase transition between the\nabsorbing and fluctuating states. The model describes the spreading of an agent\n(e.g., infectious disease) in a reaction-diffusion system and belongs to the\nuniversality class of the directed bond percolation process, also known as\nsimple epidemic process, and is equivalent to the Reggeon field theory. The\nturbulent advecting velocity field is modelled by the Obukhov--Kraichnan's\nrapid-change ensemble: Gaussian statistics with the correlation function < vv>\n\\propto \\delta(t-t') k^{-d-\\xi}, where k is the wave number and 0<\\xi<2 is a\nfree parameter. Using the field theoretic renormalization group we show that,\ndepending on the relation between the exponent \\xi and the space dimensionality\nd, the system reveals different types of large-scale asymptotic behaviour,\nassociated with four possible fixed points of the renormalization group\nequations. In addition to known regimes (ordinary diffusion, ordinary directed\npercolation process, and passively advected scalar field), existence of a new\nnonequilibrium universality class is established, and the corresponding\ncritical dimensions are calculated to first order of the double expansion in\n\\xi and \\varepsilon=4-d (one-loop approximation). It turns out, however, that\nthe most realistic values \\xi=4/3 (Kolmogorov's fully developed turbulence) and\nd=2 or 3 correspond to the case of passive scalar field, when the nonlinearity\nof the Reggeon model is irrelevant and the spreading of the agent is completely\ndetermined by the turbulent transfer."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat conduction and the nonequilibrium stationary states of stochastic\n  energy exchange processes: I revisit the exactly solvable Kipnis--Marchioro--Presutti model of heat\nconduction [J. Stat. Phys. 27 65 (1982)] and describe, for one-dimensional\nsystems of arbitrary sizes whose ends are in contact with thermal baths at\ndifferent temperatures, a systematic characterization of their non-equilibrium\nstationary states. These arguments avoid resorting to the analysis of a dual\nprocess and yield a straightforward derivation of Fourier's law, as well as\nhigher-order static correlations, such as the covariant matrix. The\ntransposition of these results to families of gradient models generalizing the\nKMP model is established and specific cases are examined.",
        "positive": "On A Local Carnot Engine: Starting from a master equation in a quantum Hamilton form we study\nanalytically a nonequilibrium system which is coupled locally to two heat\nbathes at different temperatures. Based on a lattice gas description an\nevolution equation for the averaged density in the presence of a temperature\ngradient is derived. Firstly, the case is analysed where a particle is removed\nfrom a heat bath at a fixed temperature and is traced back to the bath at\nanother temperature. The stationary solution and the relaxation time is\ndiscussed. Secondly, a collective hopping process between different heat bathes\nis studied leading to an evolution equation which offers a bilinear coupling\nbetween density and temperature gradient contrary to the conventional approach.\nWhereas in case of a linear decreasing static temperature field the relaxtion\ntime offers a continuous spectrum it results a discrete spectrum for a\nquadratically decreasing temperature profile."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical temperature for fermion pairing using lattice field theory: Dilute gases of 2-component fermions are of great interest in atomic and\nnuclear physics. When interactions are strong enough so that a bound state is\nat threshold, universal behavior is expected. Lattice field theory provides a\nfirst principles approach to the study of strongly interacting systems such as\nthis through Monte Carlo simulation. Results of exploratory simulations are\npresented here. In particular, the finite temperature phase transition between\nsuperfluid and normal states is studied. We present first results for the\ncritical temperature T_c and describe the future work necessary to determine\nT_c as a function of interaction strength.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics of spatial evolutionary games: We discuss the long-run behavior of stochastic dynamics of many interacting\nplayers in spatial evolutionary games. In particular, we investigate the effect\nof the number of players and the noise level on the stochastic stability of\nNash equilibria. We discuss similarities and differences between systems of\ninteracting players maximizing their individual payoffs and particles\nminimizing their interaction energy. We use concepts and techniques of\nstatistical mechanics to study game-theoretic models. In order to obtain\nresults in the case of the so-called potential games, we analyze the\nthermodynamic limit of the appropriate models of interacting particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Models with symmetry-breaking phase transitions triggered by\n  dumbbell-shaped equipotential surfaces: In some recent papers some sufficiency conditions for the occurrence of a\n$\\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry breaking phase transition ($\\mathbb{Z}_2$-SBPT) have\nbeen showed starting from geometric-topological concepts of potential energy\nlandscapes. In particular, a $\\mathbb{Z}_2$-SBPT can be triggered by\ndouble-well potentials, or in an equivalent way, by dumbbell-shaped\nequipotential surfaces. In this paper we introduce two models with a\n$\\mathbb{Z}_2$-SBPT which, due to their essential feature, show in the clearest\nway the generating-mechanism of a $\\mathbb{Z}_2$-SBPT above mentioned. These\nmodels, despite they cannot be considered physical models, have all the\nfeatures of such models with the same kind of SBPT. At the end of the paper,\nthe $\\phi^4$ model is revisited in the light of this approach. In particular,\nthe landscape of one of the model introduced here is turned out to be\nequivalent to that of the mean-field $\\phi^4$ model in a simplified version.",
        "positive": "Jamming and flocking in the restricted active Potts model: We study the active Potts model with either site occupancy restriction or\non-site repulsion to explore jamming and kinetic arrest in a flocking model.\nThe incorporation of such volume exclusion features leads to a surprisingly\nrich variety of self-organized spatial patterns. While bands and lanes of\nmoving particles commonly occur without or under weak volume exclusion, strong\nvolume exclusion along with low temperature, high activity, and large particle\ndensity facilitates jams due to motility-induced phase separation. Through\nseveral phase diagrams, we identify the phase boundaries separating the jammed\nand free-flowing phases and study the transition between these phases which\nprovide us with both qualitative and quantitative predictions of how jamming\nmight be delayed or dissolved. We further formulate and analyze a hydrodynamic\ntheory for the restricted APM which predicts various features of the\nmicroscopic model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation in the XX quantum chain: We present the results obtained on the magnetisation relaxation properties of\nan XX quantum chain in a transverse magnetic field. We first consider an\ninitial thermal kink-like state where half of the chain is initially\nthermalized at a very high temperature $T_b$ while the remaining half, called\nthe system, is put at a lower temperature $T_s$. From this initial state, we\nderive analytically the Green function associated to the dynamical behaviour of\nthe transverse magnetisation. Depending on the strength of the magnetic field\nand on the temperature of the system, different regimes are obtained for the\nmagnetic relaxation. In particular, with an initial droplet-like state, that is\na cold subsystem of finite size in contact at both ends with an infinite\ntemperature environnement, we derive analytically the behaviour of the\ntime-dependent system magnetisation.",
        "positive": "Complex noise in diffusion-limited reactions of replicating and\n  competing species: We derive exact Langevin-type equations governing quasispecies dynamics. The\ninherent multiplicative noise has both real and imaginary parts. The numerical\nsimulation of the underlying complex stochastic partial differential equations\nis carried out employing the Cholesky decomposition for the noise covariance\nmatrix. This noise produces unavoidable spatio-temporal density fluctuations\nabout the mean field value. In two dimensions, the fluctuations are suppressed\nonly when the diffusion time scale is much smaller than the amplification time\nscale for the master species."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the connection between financial processes with stochastic volatility\n  and nonextensive statistical mechanics: The $GARCH$ algorithm is the most renowned generalisation of Engle's original\nproposal for modelising {\\it returns}, the $ARCH$ process. Both cases are\ncharacterised by presenting a time dependent and correlated variance or {\\it\nvolatility}. Besides a memory parameter, $b$, (present in $ARCH$) and an\nindependent and identically distributed noise, $\\omega $, $GARCH$ involves\nanother parameter, $c$, such that, for $c=0$, the standard $ARCH$ process is\nreproduced. In this manuscript we use a generalised noise following a\ndistribution characterised by an index $q_{n}$, such that $q_{n}=1$ recovers\nthe Gaussian distribution. Matching low statistical moments of $GARCH$\ndistribution for returns with a $q$-Gaussian distribution obtained through\nmaximising the entropy $S_{q}=\\frac{1-\\sum_{i}p_{i}^{q}}{q-1}$, basis of\nnonextensive statistical mechanics, we obtain a sole analytical connection\nbetween $q$ and $(b,c,q_{n}) $ which turns out to be remarkably good when\ncompared with computational simulations. With this result we also derive an\nanalytical approximation for the stationary distribution for the (squared)\nvolatility. Using a generalised Kullback-Leibler relative entropy form based on\n$S_{q}$, we also analyse the degree of dependence between successive returns,\n$z_{t}$ and $z_{t+1}$, of GARCH(1,1) processes. This degree of dependence is\nquantified by an entropic index, $q^{op}$. Our analysis points the existence of\na unique relation between the three entropic indexes $q^{op}$, $q$ and $q_{n}$\nof the problem, independent of the value of $(b,c)$.",
        "positive": "Physical models of traffic safety at crossings: Traffic safety at intersections is studied quantitatively using methods from\nStatistical Mechanics on the basis of simple microscopic traffic flow models.\nIn order to determine a relationship between traffic flow and the number of\ncrashes, the modelling focus is on the building block of any road network,\nnamely the crossing of two streams. In this paper, it is shown that the number\nof crossing conflicts is proportional to the product of the two traffic flows\nfrom which a simple model is developed. This model substantiates known\nempirical findings. Since real crash data are obtained by an involved process\nfrom such building blocks, there is a difference between the theoretical and\nempirical results. This process is modelled here as well and narrows the gap\nbetween theory and observation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Calculation of percolation thresholds in high dimensions for fcc, bcc,\n  and diamond lattices: In a recent article, Galam and Mauger proposed an invariant for site and bond\npercolation thresholds, based on known values for twenty lattices (Eur. Phys.\nJ. B 1 (1998) 255-258). Here we give a larger list of values for more than\nforty lattices in two to six dimensions. In this list are new results for fcc,\nbcc, and diamond lattices in 4, 5, and 6 dimensions.\n  The list contains examples of lattices with equal site percolation\nthresholds, but different bond percolation thresholds. These and other examples\nshow that there are deviations from the proposed invariant of up to 12% in two\ndimensions, increasing to 69% in higher dimensions.",
        "positive": "Collapse in $1/r^\u03b1$ interacting systems: Collapse, or a gravitational-like phase transition is studied in a\nmicrocanonical ensemble of particles with an attractive $1/r^{\\alpha}$\npotential. A mean field continuous integral equation is used to determine a\nsaddle-point density profile that extremizes the entropy functional. For all\n$0<\\alpha<3$, a critical energy is determined below which the entropy of the\nsystem exhibits a discontinuous jump. If an effective short-range cutoff is\napplied, the entropy jump is finite; if not, the entropy diverges to $+\\infty$.\nA stable integral equation solution represents a state with maximal entropy;\nthe reverse is always true only for a modified integral equation introduced\nhere."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pushing the limits of EPD zeros method: The use of partition function zeros in the study of phase transition is\ngrowing in the last decade mainly due to improved numerical methods as well as\nnovel formulations and analysis. In this paper the impact of different\nparameters choice for the energy probability distribution (EPD) zeros recently\nintroduced by Costa et al is explored in search for optimal values. Our results\nindicate that the EPD method is very robust against parameter variations and\nonly small deviations on estimated critical temperatures are found even for\nlarge variation of parameters, allowing to obtain accurate results with low\ncomputational cost. A proposal to circumvent potential convergence issues of\nthe original algorithm is presented and validated for the case where it occurs.",
        "positive": "Orthogonality catastrophe in dissipative quantum many body systems: We present an analog of the phenomenon of orthogonality catastrophe in\nquantum many body systems subject to a local dissipative impurity. We show that\nthe fidelity $F(t)$, giving a measure for distance of the time-evolved state\nfrom the initial one, displays a universal scaling form $F(t)\\propto t^\\theta\ne^{-\\gamma t}$, when the system supports long range correlations, in a fashion\nreminiscent of traditional instances of orthogonality catastrophe in condensed\nmatter. An exponential fall-off at rate $\\gamma$ signals the onset of\nenvironmental decoherence, which is critically slowed down by the additional\nalgebraic contribution to the fidelity. This picture is derived within a second\norder cumulant expansion suited for Liouvillian dynamics, and substantiated for\nthe one-dimensional transverse field quantum Ising model subject to a local\ndephasing jump operator, as well as for XY and XX quantum spin chains, and for\nthe two dimensional Bose gas deep in the superfluid phase with local particle\nheating. Our results hint that local sources of dissipation can be used to\ninspect real-time correlations and to induce a delay of decoherence in open\nquantum many body systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Universality of the Energy Response Function in the Long-Range\n  Spin Glass Model with Sparse, Modular Couplings: We consider energy relaxation of the long-range spin glass model with sparse\ncouplings, the so-called dilute Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model, starting\nfrom a random initial state. We consider the effect that modularity of the\ncoupling matrix has on this relaxation dynamics. In the absence of finite size\neffects, the relaxation dynamics appears independent of modularity. For finite\nsizes, a more modular system reaches a less favorable energy at long times. For\nsmall sizes, a more modular system also has a less favorable energy at short\ntimes. For large sizes, modularity appears to lead to slightly more favorable\nenergies at intermediate times. We discuss these results in the context of\nevolutionary theory, where horizontal gene transfer, absent in the Glauber\nequilibration dynamics of the SK model studied here, endows modular organisms\nwith larger response functions at short times.",
        "positive": "Universal Fluctuations of Local Measurement in Low-Dimensional Systems: Probes perform local measurements by interacting with the surrounding system.\nThis often occurs in a dilute system whose effective macroscopic dynamics are\ndiffusive. It is analytically shown here that, for dimensions two or less, the\nrelative uncertainty of any such measurement converges to an explicit universal\npower law in the long-time limit. The dynamical exponent depends on the\ndimension, and the prefactor depends solely on the bulk density and the\neffective mass diffusivity. Simulations of four distinct microscopic models\nsupport the results. The results imply that saturation of thermodynamic\nuncertainty relations cannot be approached for local measurements."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analysis of delay correlation matrices: We construct and analyze symmetrized delay correlation matrices for empirical\ndata sets for atmopheric and financial data to derive information about\ncorrelation between different entities of the time series over time. The\ninformation about correlations is obtained by comparing the results for the\neigenvalue distribution with the analytical results for the independent,\nidentically distributed random data sets. For the atmospheric case we find long\nterm correlations between different entities of the multivariable time series.\nFor the financial time series we find little correlations between different\nentities over a time delay beyond about two days. Most of the eigenvalues for\nthe symmetrized delay correlation matrices for the financial data are\nsymmetrically distributed about zero. The delay correlation results for the\nfinancial data are similar to the analytical results for the random data sets.\nHowever there are considerable deviations for the atmospheric data from the\nrandom case.",
        "positive": "Scaling detection in time series: diffusion entropy analysis: The methods currently used to determine the scaling exponent of a complex\ndynamic process described by a time series are based on the numerical\nevaluation of variance. This means that all of them can be safely applied only\nto the case where ordinary statistical properties hold true even if strange\nkinetics are involved. We illustrate a method of statistical analysis based on\nthe Shannon entropy of the diffusion process generated by the time series,\ncalled Diffusion Entropy Analysis (DEA). We adopt artificial Gauss and L\\'{e}vy\ntime series, as prototypes of ordinary and anomalus statistics, respectively,\nand we analyse them with the DEA and four ordinary methods of analysis, some of\nwhich are very popular. We show that the DEA determines the correct scaling\nexponent even when the statistical properties, as well as the dynamic\nproperties, are anomalous. The other four methods produce correct results in\nthe Gauss case but fail to detect the correct scaling in the case of L\\'{e}vy\nstatistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Supercooled liquids are Fickian yet non-Gaussian: Reply to \"Comment on 'Fickian non-Gaussian diffusion in glass-forming\nliquids' \".\n  In [ArXiv:2210.07119v1], Berthier et al. questioned the findings of our\nletter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 168001 (2022)], concerning the existence and the\nfeatures of Fickian non-Gaussian diffusion in glass-forming liquids. Here we\ndemonstrate that their arguments are either wrong, or not meaningful to our\nscope. Thus, we fully confirm the validity and novelty of our results.",
        "positive": "Large fluctuations of a Kardar-Parisi-Zhang interface on a half-line: Consider a stochastic interface $h(x,t)$, described by the $1+1$\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation on the half-line $x\\geq 0$. The interface is\ninitially flat, $h(x,t=0)=0$, and driven by a Neumann boundary condition\n$\\partial_x h(x=0,t)=A$ and by the noise. We study the short-time probability\ndistribution $\\mathcal{P}\\left(H,A,t\\right)$ of the one-point height\n$H=h(x=0,t)$. Using the optimal fluctuation method, we show that $-\\ln\n\\mathcal{P}\\left(H,A,t\\right)$ scales as $t^{-1/2} s \\left(H,A t^{1/2}\\right)$.\nFor small and moderate $|A|$ this more general scaling reduces to the familiar\nsimple scaling $-\\ln \\mathcal{P}\\left(H,A,t\\right)\\simeq t^{-1/2} s(H)$, where\n$s$ is independent of $A$ and time and equal to one half of the corresponding\nlarge-deviation function for the full-line problem. For large $|A|$ we uncover\ntwo asymptotic regimes. At very short time the simple scaling is restored,\nwhereas at intermediate times the scaling remains more general and\n$A$-dependent. The distribution tails, however, always exhibit the simple\nscaling in the leading order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Taylor Dispersion with Adsorption and Desorption: We use a stochastic approach to show how Taylor dispersion is affected by\nkinetic processes of adsorption and desorption onto surfaces. A general theory\nis developed, from which we derive explicitly the dispersion coefficients of\ncanonical examples like Poiseuille flows in planar and cylindrical geometries,\nboth in constant and sinusoidal velocity fields. These results open the way for\nthe measurement of adsorption and desorption rate constants using stationary\nflows and molecular sorting using the stochastic resonance of the adsorption\nand desorption processes with the oscillatory velocity field.",
        "positive": "Jensen bound for the entropy production rate in stochastic\n  thermodynamics: Bounding and estimating entropy production has long been an important goal of\nnonequilibrium thermodynamics. We recently derived a lower bound on the total\nand subsystem entropy production rates of continuous stochastic systems. This\n`Jensen bound' has led to fundamental limits on the performance of collective\ntransport systems and permitted thermodynamic inference of free-energy\ntransduction between components of bipartite molecular machines. Our original\nderivation relied on a number of assumptions, which restricted the bound's\nregime of applicability. Here we derive the Jensen bound far more generally for\nmultipartite overdamped Langevin dynamics. We then consider several extensions,\nallowing for position-dependent diffusion coefficients, underdamped dynamics,\nand non-multipartite overdamped dynamics. Our results extend the Jensen bound\nto a far broader class of systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Weak integrability breaking and level spacing distribution: Recently it was suggested that certain perturbations of integrable spin\nchains lead to a weak breaking of integrability in the sense that integrability\nis preserved at the first order in the coupling. Here we examine this claim\nusing level spacing distribution. We find that the volume dependent crossover\nbetween integrable and chaotic level spacing statistics which marks the onset\nof quantum chaotic behaviour, is markedly different for weak vs. strong\nbreaking of integrability. In particular, for the gapless case we find that the\ncrossover coupling as a function of the volume $L$ scales with a $1/L^2$ law\nfor weak breaking as opposed to the $1/L^3$ law previously found for the strong\ncase.",
        "positive": "Physical Limitations of Work Extraction from Temporal Correlations: Recently proposed information-exploiting systems designed to extract work\nfrom a single heat bath utilize temporal correlations on an input tape. We\nstudy how enforcing time-continuous dynamics, which is necessary to ensure the\ndevice is physically realizable, constrains possible designs and drastically\ndiminishes efficiency. We show that these problems can be circumvented by means\nof applying an external, time-varying protocol. This turns the device from a\n\"passive\", free-running machine into an \"actively\" driven one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Novel Position-Space Renormalization Group for Bond Directed Percolation\n  in Two Dimensions: A new position-space renormalization group approach is investigated for bond\ndirected percolation in two dimensions. The threshold value for the bond\noccupation probabilities is found to be $p_c=0.6443$. Correlation length\nexponents on time (parallel) and space (transverse) directions are found to be\n$\\nu_\\parallel=1.719$ and $\\nu_\\perp=1.076$, respectively, which are in very\ngood agreement with the best known series expansion results.",
        "positive": "Scale dependence of distributions of hotspots: We consider a random field $\\phi(\\mathbf{r})$ in $d$ dimensions which is\nlargely concentrated around small `hotspots', with `weights', $w_i$. These\nweights may have a very broad distribution, such that their mean does not\nexist, or else is not a useful estimate. In such cases, the median $\\overline\nW$ of the total weight $W$ in a region of size $R$ is an informative\ncharacterisation of the weights. We define the function $F$ by $\\ln \\overline\nW=F(\\ln R)$. If $F'(x)>d$, the distribution of hotspots is dominated by the\nlargest weights. In the case where $F'(x)-d$ approaches a constant positive\nvalue when $R\\to \\infty$, the hotspots distribution has a type of\nscale-invariance which is different from that of fractal sets, and which we\nterm \\emph{ultradimensional}. The form of the function $F(x)$ is determined for\na model of diffusion in a random potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Markovianity, entropy production, and Jarzynski equality: We explore the role a non-Markovian memory kernel plays on information\nexchange and entropy production in the context of a external work protocol. The\nJarzynski Equality is shown to hold for both the harmonic and the non-harmonic\nmodels. We observe the memory function acts as an information pump, recovering\npart of the information lost to the thermal reservoir as a consequence of the\nnon-equilibrium work protocol. The pumping action occurs for both the harmonic\nand non-harmonic cases. Unexpectedly, we found that the harmonic model does not\nproduce entropy, regardless of the work protocol. The presence of even a small\namount of non-linearity recovers the more normal entropy producing behaviour,\nfor out-of-equilibrium protocols.",
        "positive": "Critical Behavior of a Trapped Interacting Bose Gas: The phase transition of Bose-Einstein condensation is studied in the critical\nregime, when fluctuations extend far beyond the length scale of thermal de\nBroglie waves. Using matter-wave interference we measure the correlation length\nof these critical fluctuations as a function of temperature. The diverging\nbehavior of the correlation length above the critical temperature is observed,\nfrom which we determine the critical exponent of the correlation length for a\ntrapped, weakly interacting Bose gas to be $\\nu=0.67\\pm 0.13$. This measurement\nhas direct implications for the understanding of second order phase\ntransitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-dimensional Ising and Potts model with long-range bond disorder: a\n  renormalization group approach: In this paper we provide new analytic results on two-dimensional $q$-Potts\nmodels ($q \\geq 2$) in the presence of bond disorder correlations which decay\nalgebraically with distance with exponent $a$. In particular, our results are\nvalid for the long-range bond disordered Ising model ($q=2$). We implement a\nrenormalization group perturbative approach based on conformal perturbation\ntheory. We extend to the long-range case the RG scheme used in [V. Dotsenko,\nNucl. Phys. B 455 701 23] for the short-range disorder. Our approach is based\non a $2$-loop order double expansion in the positive parameters $(2-a)$ and\n$(q-2)$. We will show that the Weinrib-Halperin conjecture for the long-range\nthermal exponent can be violated for a non-Gaussian disorder. We compute the\ncentral charges of the long-range fixed points finding a very good agreement\nwith numerical measurements.",
        "positive": "The world of long-range interactions: A bird's eye view: In recent years, studies of long-range interacting (LRI) systems have taken\ncentre stage in the arena of statistical mechanics and dynamical system\nstudies, due to new theoretical developments involving tools from as diverse a\nfield as kinetic theory, non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, and large\ndeviation theory, but also due to new and exciting experimental realizations of\nLRI systems. In this invited contribution, we discuss the general features of\nlong-range interactions, emphasizing in particular the main physical phenomenon\nof non-additivity, which leads to a plethora of distinct effects, both\nthermodynamic and dynamic, that are not observed with short-range interactions:\nEnsemble inequivalence, slow relaxation, broken ergodicity. We also discuss\nseveral physical systems with long-range interactions: mean-field spin systems,\nself-gravitating systems, Euler equations in two dimensions, Coulomb systems,\none-component electron plasma, dipolar systems, free-electron lasers, atoms\ntrapped in optical cavities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mobility-induced order in active XY spins on a substrate: We elucidate that the nearly phase-ordered active XY spins in contact with a\nconserved, diffusing species on a substrate can be stable. For wide-ranging\nmodel parameters, it has stable uniform phases robust against noises. These are\ndistinguished by generalized quasi-long range (QLRO) orientational order\nlogarithmically stronger or weaker than the well-known QLRO in equilibrium,\ntogether with miniscule (i.e., hyperuniform) or giant number fluctuations,\nrespectively. This illustrates a direct correspondence between the two. The\nscaling of both phase and density fluctuations in the stable phase-ordered\nstates is nonuniversal: they depend on the nonlinear dynamical couplings. For\nother parameters, it has no stable uniformly ordered phase. Our model, a theory\nfor active spinners, provides a minimal framework for wide-ranging systems,\ne.g., active superfluids on substrates, synchronization of oscillators, active\ncarpets of cilia and bacterial flagella and active membranes.",
        "positive": "Mass transport of impurities in a moderately dense granular gas: Transport coefficients associated with the mass flux of impurities immersed\nin a moderately dense granular gas of hard disks or spheres described by the\ninelastic Enskog equation are obtained by means of the Chapman-Enskog\nexpansion. The transport coefficients are determined as the solutions of a set\nof coupled linear integral equations recently derived for polydisperse granular\nmixtures [V. Garz\\'o, J. W. Dufty and C. M. Hrenya, Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 76},\n031304 (2007)]. With the objective of obtaining theoretical expressions for the\ntransport coefficients that are sufficiently accurate for highly inelastic\ncollisions, we solve the above integral equations by using the second Sonine\napproximation. As a complementary route, we numerically solve by means of the\ndirect simulation Monte Carlo method (DSMC) the inelastic Enskog equation to\nget the kinetic diffusion coefficient $D_0$ for two and three dimensions. We\nhave observed in all our simulations that the disagreement, for arbitrarily\nlarge inelasticity, in the values of both solutions (DSMC and second Sonine\napproximation) is less than 4%. Moreover, we show that the second Sonine\napproximation to $D_0$ yields a dramatic improvement (up to 50%) over the first\nSonine approximation for impurity particles lighter than the surrounding gas\nand in the range of large inelasticity. The results reported in this paper are\nof direct application in important problems in granular flows, such as\nsegregation driven by gravity and a thermal gradient. We analyze here the\nsegregation criteria that result from our theoretical expressions of the\ntransport coefficients."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Traces of Integrability in Relaxation of One-Dimensional Two-Mass\n  Mixtures: We study relaxation in a one-dimensional two-mass mixture of hard-core\nparticles. A heavy-light-heavy triplet of three neighboring particles can form\na little known unequal mass generalization of Newton's cradle at particular\nlight-to-heavy mass ratios. An anomalous slow-down in the relaxation of the\nwhole system is expected due to the presence of these triplets, and we provide\nnumerical evidence to support this prediction. The expected experimental\nrealization of our model involves mixtures of two internal states in optical\nlattices, where the ratio between effective masses can be controlled at will.",
        "positive": "Comparison of work fluctuation relations: We compare two predictions regarding the microscopic fluctuations of a system\nthat is driven away from equilibrium: one due to Crooks [J. Stat. Phys. 90,\n1481 (1998)] which has gained recent attention in the context of nonequilibrium\nwork and fluctuation theorems, and an earlier, analogous result obtained by\nBochkov and Kuzovlev [Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 72(1), 238247 (1977)]. Both results\nquantify irreversible behavior by comparing probabilities of observing\nparticular microscopic trajectories during thermodynamic processes related by\ntime-reversal, and both are expressed in terms of the work performed when\ndriving the system away from equilibrium. By deriving these two predictions\nwithin a single, Hamiltonian framework, we clarify the precise relationship\nbetween them, and discuss how the different definitions of work used by the two\nsets of authors gives rise to different physical interpretations. We then\nobtain a extended fluctuation relation that contains both the Crooks and the\nBochkov-Kuzovlev results as special cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of the zero-range process: fundamental diagram of the\n  corresponding exclusion process: In this paper, we propose a general way of computing expectation values in\nthe zero-range process, using an exact form of the partition function. As an\nexample, we provide the fundamental diagram (the flux-density plot) of the\nasymmetric exclusion process corresponding to the zero-range process.We express\nthe partition function for the steady state by the Lauricella hypergeometric\nfunction, and thereby have two exact fundamental diagrams each for the parallel\nand random sequential update rules. Meanwhile, from the viewpoint of\nequilibrium statistical mechanics, we work within the canonical ensemble but\nthe result obtained is certainly in agreement with previous works done in the\ngrand canonical ensemble.",
        "positive": "Unusual scaling for pulsed laser deposition: We demonstrate that a simple model for pulsed laser deposition exhibits an\nunusual type of scaling behavior for the island density in the submonolayer\nregime. This quantity is studied as function of pulse intensity and deposition\ntime. We find a data collapse for the ratios of the logarithms of these\nquantities, whereas conventional scaling as observed in molecular beam epitaxy\ninvolves ratios of powers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A New Method to Estimate the Noise in Financial Correlation Matrices: Financial correlation matrices measure the unsystematic correlations between\nstocks. Such information is important for risk management. The correlation\nmatrices are known to be ``noise dressed''. We develop a new and alternative\nmethod to estimate this noise. To this end, we simulate certain time series and\nrandom matrices which can model financial correlations. With our approach,\ndifferent correlation structures buried under this noise can be detected.\nMoreover, we introduce a measure for the relation between noise and\ncorrelations. Our method is based on a power mapping which efficiently\nsuppresses the noise. Neither further data processing nor additional input is\nneeded.",
        "positive": "Dynamics and thermodynamics of a topological transition in spin ice\n  materials under strain: We study single crystals of Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ and Ho$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ under\nmagnetic field and stress applied along their [001] direction. We find that\nmany of the features that the emergent gauge field of spin ice confers to the\nmacroscopic magnetic properties are preserved in spite of the finite\ntemperature. The magnetisation vs. field shows an upward convexity within a\nbroad range of fields, while the static and dynamic susceptibilities present a\npeculiar peak. Following this feature for both compounds, we determine a single\nexperimental transition curve: that for the Kasteleyn transition in three\ndimensions, proposed more than a decade ago. Additionally, we observe that\ncompression up to $-0.8\\%$ along [001] does not significantly change the\nthermodynamics. However, the dynamical response of Ho$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ is quite\nsensitive to changes introduced in the ${\\rm Ho}^{3+}$ environment. Uniaxial\ncompression can thus open up experimental access to equilibrium properties of\nspin ice at low temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Minimum Power to Maintain a Nonequilibrium Distribution of a Markov\n  Chain: Biological systems use energy to maintain non-equilibrium distributions for\nlong times, e.g. of chemical concentrations or protein conformations. What are\nthe fundamental limits of the power used to \"hold\" a stochastic system in a\ndesired distribution over states? We study the setting of an uncontrolled\nMarkov chain $Q$ altered into a controlled chain $P$ having a desired\nstationary distribution. Thermodynamics considerations lead to an appropriately\ndefined Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence rate $D(P||Q)$ as the cost of control,\na setting introduced by Todorov, corresponding to a Markov decision process\nwith mean log loss action cost.\n  The optimal controlled chain $P^*$ minimizes the KL divergence rate\n$D(\\cdot||Q)$ subject to a stationary distribution constraint, and the minimal\nKL divergence rate lower bounds the power used. While this optimization problem\nis familiar from the large deviations literature, we offer a novel\ninterpretation as a minimum \"holding cost\" and compute the minimizer $P^*$ more\nexplicitly than previously available. We state a version of our results for\nboth discrete- and continuous-time Markov chains, and find nice expressions for\nthe important case of a reversible uncontrolled chain $Q$, for a two-state\nchain, and for birth-and-death processes.",
        "positive": "Langevin equations for competitive growth models: Langevin equations for several competitive growth models in one dimension are\nderived. For models with crossover from random deposition (RD) to some\ncorrelated deposition (CD) dynamics, with small probability p of CD, the\nsurface tension \\nu and the nonlinear coefficient \\lambda of the associated\nequations have linear dependence on p due solely to this random choice.\nHowever, they also depend on the regularized step functions present in the\nanalytical representations of the CD, whose expansion coefficients scale with p\naccording to the divergence of local height differences when p->0. The\nsuperposition of those scaling factors gives \\nu ~ p^2 for random deposition\nwith surface relaxation (RDSR) as the CD, and \\nu ~ p, \\lambda ~ p^{3/2} for\nballistic deposition (BD) as the CD, in agreement with simulation and other\nscaling approaches. For bidisperse ballistic deposition (BBD), the same scaling\nof RD-BD model is found. The Langevin equation for the model with competing\nRDSR and BD, with probability p for the latter, is also constructed. It shows\nlinear p-dependence of \\lambda, while the quadratic dependence observed in\nprevious simulations is explained by an additional crossover before the\nasymptotic regime. The results highlight the relevance of scaling of the\ncoefficients of step function expansions in systems with steep surfaces, which\nis responsible for noninteger exponents in some p-dependent stochastic\nequations, and the importance of the physical correspondence of aggregation\nrules and equation coefficients."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strengths and Weaknesses of Parallel Tempering: Parallel tempering, also known as replica exchange Monte Carlo, is studied in\nthe context of two simple free energy landscapes. The first is a double well\npotential defined by two macrostates separated by a barrier. The second is a\n`golf course' potential defined by microstates having two possible energies\nwith exponentially more high energy states than low energy states. The\nequilibration time for replica exchange is analyzed for both systems. For the\ndouble well system, parallel tempering with a number of replicas that scales as\nthe square root of the barrier height yields exponential speedup of the\nequilibration time. On the other hand, replica exchange yields only marginal\nspeed-up for the golf course system. For the double well system, the free\nenergy difference between the two wells has a large effect on the equilibration\ntime. Nearly degenerate wells equilibrate much more slowly than strongly\nasymmetric wells. It is proposed that this difference in equilibration time may\nlead to a bias in measuring overlaps in spin glasses. These examples illustrate\nthe strengths and weaknesses of replica exchange and may serve as a guide for\nunderstanding and improving the method in various applications.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Superfluid-Insulator Transition in a Chain of Weakly Coupled\n  Bose-Einstein Condensates: We predict a dynammical classical superfluid-insulator transition (CSIT) in a\nBose-Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped in an optical and a magnetic potential.\nIn the tight-binding limit, this system realizes an array of weakly-coupled\ncondensates driven by an external harmonic field. For small displacements of\nthe parabolic trap about the equilibrium position, the BEC center of mass\noscillates with the relative phases of neighbouring condensates locked at the\nsame (oscillating) value. For large displacements, the BEC remains localized on\nthe side of the harmonic trap. This is caused by a randomization of the\nrelative phases, while the coherence of each individual condensate in the array\nis preserved. The CSIT is attributed to a discrete modulational instability,\noccurring when the BEC center of mass velocity is larger than a critical value,\nproportional to the tunneling rate between adjacent sites."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long range correlations and slow time scales in a boundary driven\n  granular model: We consider a velocity field with linear viscous interactions defined on a\none dimensional lattice. Brownian baths with different parameters can be\ncoupled to the boundary sites and to the bulk sites, determining different\nkinds of non-equilibrium steady states or free-cooling dynamics. Analytical\nresults for spatial and temporal correlations are provided by analytical\ndiagonalisation of the system's equations in the infinite size limit. We\ndemonstrate that spatial correlations are scale-free and time-scales become\nexceedingly long when the system is driven only at the boundaries. On the\ncontrary, in the case a bath is coupled to the bulk sites too, an exponential\ncorrelation decay is found with a finite characteristic length. This is also\ntrue in the free cooling regime, but in this case the correlation length grows\ndiffusively in time. We discuss the crucial role of boundary driving for\nlong-range correlations and slow time-scales, proposing an analogy between this\nsimplified dynamical model and dense vibro-fluidized granular materials.\nSeveral generalizations and connections with the statistical physics of active\nmatter are also suggested.",
        "positive": "The critical relaxation of the model of iron-vanadium magnetic\n  superlattice: The critical relaxation of iron-vanadium magnetic superlattice in case of the\nequality between interlayer and intralayer exchange interactions is\ninvestigated. The dynamic and static critical exponents of the model are\ncalculated. A value of the critical temperature is evaluated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-normalizable quasi-equilibrium solution of the Fokker-Planck\n  equation for nonconfining fields: We investigate the overdamped Langevin motion for particles in a potential\nwell that is asymptotically flat. When the potential well is deep compared to\ntemperature, physical observables like the mean square displacement are\nessentially time-independent over a long time interval, the stagnation epoch.\nHowever the standard Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) distribution is non-normalizable,\ngiven that the usual partition function is divergent. For this regime, we have\npreviously shown that a regularization of BG statistics allows the prediction\nof the values of dynamical and thermodynamical observables in the\nnon-normalizable quasi-equilibrium state. In this work, based on the\neigenfunction expansion of the time-dependent solution of the associated\nFokker-Planck equation with free boundary conditions, we obtain an approximate\ntime-independent solution of the BG form, valid for times which are long, but\nstill short compared to the exponentially large escape time. The escaped\nparticles follow a general free-particle statistics, where the solution is a an\nerror function, shifted due to the initial struggle to overcome the potential\nwell. With the eigenfunction solution of the Fokker-Planck equation in hand, we\nshow the validity of the regularized BG statistics and how it perfectly\ndescribes the time-independent regime though the quasi-stationary state is\nnon-normalizable.",
        "positive": "Stressed backbone and elasticity of random central-force systems: We use a new algorithm to find the stress-carrying backbone of ``generic''\nsite-diluted triangular lattices of up to 10^6 sites. Generic lattices can be\nmade by randomly displacing the sites of a regular lattice. The percolation\nthreshold is Pc=0.6975 +/- 0.0003, the correlation length exponent \\nu =1.16\n+/- 0.03 and the fractal dimension of the backbone Db=1.78 +/- 0.02. The number\nof ``critical bonds'' (if you remove them rigidity is lost) on the backbone\nscales as L^{x}, with x=0.85 +/- 0.05. The Young's modulus is also calculated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Algebraic Time Crystallization in a Two-dimensional Superfluid: Time crystallization is a hallmark of superfluidity, indicative of the\nfundamental fact that along with breaking the global U(1) symmetry, superfluids\nalso break time-translation symmetry. While the standard discussion of the time\ncrystallization phenomenon is based on the notion of the global phase and\ngenuine condensate, for the superfluidity to take place in two dimensions an\nalgebraic (topological) order is sufficient. We find that the absence of\nlong-range order in a finite-temperature two-dimensional superfluid translates\ninto in an algebraic time crystallization caused by the temporal phase\ncorrelations. The exponent controlling the algebraic decay is a universal\nfunction of the superfluid-stiffness-to-temperature ratio; this exponent can be\nalso seen in the power-law singularity of the Fourier spectrum of the AC\nJosephson current. We elaborate on subtleties involved in defining the\nphenomenon of time crystallization in both classical-filed and all-quantum\ncases and propose an experimental protocol in which the broken time translation\nsymmetry---more precisely, temporal correlations of the relative phase, with\nall possible finite-size, dimensional, and quantum effects included---can be\nobserved without permanently keeping two superfluids in a contact.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamic relaxations in dissipative particle dynamics: This paper studies the dynamics of relaxation phenomena in the standard\ndissipative particle dynamics (DPD) model [Groot and Warren, JCP, 107:4423\n(1997)]. Using fluctuating hydrodynamics as the framework of the investigation,\nwe focus on the collective transverse and longitudinal dynamics. It is shown\nthat classical hydrodynamic theory predicts the transverse dynamics at relative\nlow temperatures very well when compared to simulation data, however, the\ntheory predictions are, on the same length scale, less accurate for higher\ntemperatures. The agreement with hydrodynamics depends on the definition of the\nviscosity, and here we find that the transverse dynamics are independent of the\ndissipative and random shear force contributions to the stress. For high\ntemperatures, the spectrum for the longitudinal dynamics is dominated by the\nBrillouin peak for large length scales and the relaxation is therefore governed\nby sound wave propagation and is athermal. This contrasts the results at lower\ntemperatures and small length scale, where the thermal process is clearly\npresent in the spectra. The Landau-Placzek ratio is lower than the classical\nmodel Lennard-Jones liquid, especially at higher temperatures. The DPD model,\nat least qualitatively, re-captures the underlying hydrodynamical mechanisms,\nand quantitative agreement is excellent at intermediate temperatures for the\ntransverse dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Generalization of Tsallis' Non-Extensive Entropy and Energy Landscape\n  Transformation Functions: This article extends the non-extensive entropy of Tsallis and uses this\nentropy to model an energy producing system in an absorbing heat bath. This\nmodified non-extensive entropy is superficially identical to the one proposed\nby Tsallis, but also incorporates a ''hidden'' parameter that provides greater\nflexibility for modeling energy constraints. This modified non-extensive\nentropy also leads to a more generalized family of energy transformation\nfunctions and also exhibits the structural scale invariance properties\ndescribed in a previous article. This energy transformation also provides a\nmore natural mechanism by which arbitrary power-law distributions can be stated\nin exponential form.",
        "positive": "Potts model with q=3 and 4 states on directed Small-World network: Monte Carlo simulations are performed to study the two-dimensional Potts\nmodels with q=3 and 4 states on directed Small-World network. The disordered\nsystem is simulated applying the Heat bath Monte Carlo update algorithm. A\nfirst-order and second-order phase transition is found for q=3 depending on the\nrewiring probability $p$, but for q=4 the system presents only a first-order\nphase transition for any value $p$ . This critical behavior is different from\nthe Potts model on a square lattice, where the second-order phase transition is\npresent for $q\\le4$ and a first-order phase transition is present for q>4."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Punctuated evolution for the quasispecies model: Biological evolution in a sequence space with random fitnesses is studied\nwithin Eigen's quasispecies model. A strong selection limit is employed, in\nwhich the population resides at a single sequence at all times. Evolutionary\ntrajectories start at a randomly chosen sequence and proceed to the global\nfitness maximum through a small number of intermittent jumps. The distribution\nof the total evolution time displays a universal power law tail with exponent\n-2. Simulations show that the evolutionary dynamics is very well represented by\na simplified shell model, in which the sub-populations at local fitness maxima\ngrow independently. The shell model allows for highly efficient simulations,\nand provides a simple geometric picture of the evolutionary trajectories.",
        "positive": "The phase diagram of random threshold networks: Threshold networks are used as models for neural or gene regulatory networks.\nThey show a rich dynamical behaviour with a transition between a frozen and a\nchaotic phase. We investigate the phase diagram of randomly connected threshold\nnetworks with real-valued thresholds h and a fixed number of inputs per node.\nThe nodes are updated according to the same rules as in a model of the\ncell-cycle network of Saccharomyces cereviseae [PNAS 101, 4781 (2004)]. Using\nthe annealed approximation, we derive expressions for the time evolution of the\nproportion of nodes in the \"on\" and \"off\" state, and for the sensitivity\n$\\lambda$. The results are compared with simulations of quenched networks. We\nfind that for integer values of h the simulations show marked deviations from\nthe annealed approximation even for large networks. This can be attributed to\nthe particular choice of the updating rule."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to Note on cond-mat/0510270: Jarzynski equation for adiabatically\n  stretched rotor: Although the analysis in cond-mat/0510270 is correct, this doesn't mean\nJarzynski relation holds always for an arbitrary process. There exists a\nsufficient and necessary condition for Jarzynski relation to hold for an\nadiabatic parameter switching process. In contradiction to recent assertions,\nthe validity condition of Jarzynski relation for an adiabatic process is not\nalways satisfied.",
        "positive": "Feedback control of surface roughness in a one-dimensional KPZ growth\n  process: Control of generically scale-invariant systems, i.e., targeting specific\ncooperative features in non-linear stochastic interacting systems with many\ndegrees of freedom subject to strong fluctuations and correlations that are\ncharacterized by power laws, remains an important open problem. We study the\ncontrol of surface roughness during a growth process described by the\nKardar--Parisi--Zhang (KPZ) equation in $(1+1)$ dimensions. We achieve the\nsaturation of the mean surface roughness to a prescribed value using non-linear\nfeedback control. Numerical integration is performed by means of the\npseudospectral method, and the results are used to investigate the coupling\neffects of controlled (linear) and uncontrolled (non-linear) KPZ dynamics\nduring the control process. While the intermediate time kinetics is governed by\nKPZ scaling, at later times a linear regime prevails, namely the relaxation\ntowards the desired surface roughness. The temporal crossover region between\nthese two distinct regimes displays intriguing scaling behavior that is\ncharacterized by non-trivial exponents and involves the number of controlled\nFourier modes. Due to the control, the height probability distribution becomes\nnegatively skewed, which affects the value of the saturation width."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractality and Laplace spectrum of horizontal visibility graphs\n  constructed from fractional Brownian motions: Many studies have shown that additional information can be gained on time\nseries by investigating their associated complex networks. In this work, we\ninvestigate the multifractal property and Laplace spectrum of the horizontal\nvisibility graphs (HVGs) constructed from fractional Brownian motions. We aim\nto identify via simulation and curve fitting the form of these properties in\nterms of the Hurst index $H$. First, we use the sandbox algorithm to study the\nmultifractality of these HVGs. It is found that multifractality exists in these\nHVGs. We find that the average fractal dimension $\\langle D(0)\\rangle$ of HVGs\napproximately satisfies the prominent linear formula $\\langle D(0)\\rangle = 2 -\nH$; while the average information dimension $\\langle D(1)\\rangle$ and average\ncorrelation dimension $\\langle D(2)\\rangle$ are all approximately bi-linear\nfunctions of $H$ when $H\\ge 0.15$. Then, we calculate the spectrum and energy\nfor the general Laplacian operator and normalized Laplacian operator of these\nHVGs. We find that, for the general Laplacian operator, the average logarithm\nof second-smallest eigenvalue $\\langle \\ln (u_2) \\rangle$, the average\nlogarithm of third-smallest eigenvalue $\\langle \\ln (u_3) \\rangle$, and the\naverage logarithm of maximum eigenvalue $\\langle \\ln (u_n) \\rangle$ of these\nHVGs are approximately linear functions of $H$; while the average Laplacian\nenergy $\\langle E_{nL} \\rangle$ is approximately a quadratic polynomial\nfunction of $H$. For the normalized Laplacian operator, $\\langle \\ln (u_2)\n\\rangle$ and $\\langle \\ln (u_3) \\rangle$ of these HVGs approximately satisfy\nlinear functions of $H$; while $\\langle \\ln (u_n) \\rangle$ and $\\langle E_{nL}\n\\rangle$ are approximately a 4th and cubic polynomial function of $H$\nrespectively.",
        "positive": "Exclusion statistics for particles with a discrete spectrum: We formulate and study the microscopic statistical mechanics of systems of\nparticles with exclusion statistics in a discrete one-body spectrum. The\nstatistical mechanics of these systems can be expressed in terms of effective\nsingle-level grand partition functions obeying a generalization of the standard\nthermodynamic exclusion statistics equation of state. We derive explicit\nexpressions for the thermodynamic potential in terms of microscopic cluster\ncoefficients and show that the mean occupation numbers of levels satisfy a\nnesting relation involving a number of adjacent levels determined by the\nexclusion parameter. We apply the formalism to the harmonic Calogero model and\npoint out a relation with the Ramanujan continued fraction identity and\nappropriate generalizations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conserved Growth on Vicinal Surfaces: A crystal surface which is miscut with respect to a high symmetry plane\nexhibits steps with a characteristic distance. It is argued that the continuum\ndescription of growth on such a surface, when desorption can be neglected, is\ngiven by the anisotropic version of the conserved KPZ equation (T. Sun, H. Guo,\nand M. Grant, Phys. Rev. A 40, 6763 (1989)) with non-conserved noise. A\none--loop dynamical renormalization group calculation yields the values of the\ndynamical exponent and the roughness exponent which are shown to be the same as\nin the isotropic case. The results presented here should apply in particular to\ngrowth under conditions which are typical for molecular beam epitaxy.",
        "positive": "Fate of Boltzmann's breathers: Stokes hypothesis and anomalous\n  thermalization: Boltzmann showed that in spite of momentum and energy redistribution through\ncollisions, a rarefied gas confined in a isotropic harmonic trapping potential\ndoes not reach equilibrium; it evolves instead into a breathing mode where\ndensity, velocity and temperature oscillate. This counter-intuitive prediction\nis upheld by cold atoms experiments. Yet, are the breathers eternal solutions\nof the dynamics even in an idealized and isolated system? We show by a\ncombination of hydrodynamic arguments and Molecular Dynamics simulations that\nan original dissipative mechanism is at work, where the minute and often\nneglected bulk viscosity eventually thermalizes the system, that thus reaches\nequilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multi-multifractality and dynamic scaling in stochastic porous lattice: In this article, we extend the idea of stochastic dyadic Cantor set to\nweighted planar stochastic lattice that leads to a stochastic porous lattice.\nThe process starts with an initiator which we choose to be a square of unit\narea for convenience. We then define a generator that divides the initiator or\none of the blocks, picked preferentially with respect to their areas, to divide\nit either horizontally or vertically into two rectangles of which one of them\nis removed with probability $q=1-p$. We find that the remaining number of\nblocks and their mass varies with time as $t^{p}$ and $t^{-q}$ respectively.\nAnalytical solution shows that the dynamics of this process is governed by\ninfinitely many hidden conserved quantities each of which is a multifractal\nmeasure with porous structure as it contains missing blocks of various\ndifferent sizes. The support where these measures are distributed is fractal\nwith fractal dimension $2p$ provided $0<p<1$. We find that if the remaining\nblocks are characterized by their respective area then the corresponding block\nsize distribution function obeys dynamic scaling.",
        "positive": "Generalized-Hydrodynamic approach to Inhomogeneous Quenches:\n  Correlations, Entanglement and Quantum Effects: We give a pedagogical introduction to the Generalized Hydrodynamic approach\nto inhomogeneous quenches in integrable many-body quantum systems. We review\nrecent applications of the theory, focusing in particular on two classes of\nproblems: bipartitioning protocols and trap quenches, which represent two\nprototypical examples of broken translational symmetry in either the system\ninitial state or post-quench Hamiltonian. We report on exact results that have\nbeen obtained for generic time-dependent correlation functions and entanglement\nevolution, and discuss in detail the range of applicability of the theory.\nFinally, we present some open questions and suggest perspectives on possible\nfuture directions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical origin of Legendre invariant metrics: Legendre invariant metrics have been introduced in Geometrothermodynamics to\ntake into account the important fact that the thermodynamic properties of\nphysical systems do not depend on the choice of thermodynamic potential from a\ngeometric perspective. In this work, we show that these metrics also have a\nstatistical origin which can be expressed in terms of the average and variance\nof the differential of the microscopic entropy. To show this, we use a\nparticular reparametrization of the coordinates of the corresponding\nthermodynamic phase space.",
        "positive": "Relaxation to thermal equilibrium in the self-gravitating sheet model: We revisit the issue of relaxation to thermal equilibrium in the so-called\n\"sheet model\", i.e., particles in one dimension interacting by attractive\nforces independent of their separation. We show that this relaxation may be\nvery clearly detected and characterized by following the evolution of order\nparameters defined by appropriately normalized moments of the phase space\ndistribution which probe its entanglement in space and velocity coordinates.\nFor a class of quasi-stationary states which result from the violent relaxation\nof rectangular waterbag initial conditions, characterized by their virial ratio\nR_0, we show that relaxation occurs on a time scale which (i) scales\napproximately linearly in the particle number N, and (ii) shows also a strong\ndependence on R_0, with quasi-stationary states from colder initial conditions\nrelaxing much more rapidly. The temporal evolution of the order parameter may\nbe well described by a stretched exponential function. We study finally the\ncorrelation of the relaxation times with the amplitude of fluctuations in the\nrelaxing quasi-stationary states, as well as the relation between temporal and\nensemble averages."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical field theory of mechanical stresses in Coulomb fluids.\n  Noether's theorem {\\sl vs} General covariant approach: In this paper, we introduce a statistical field theory that describes the\nmacroscopic mechanical forces in inhomogeneous Coulomb fluids. Our approach\nemploys the generalization of Noether's first theorem for the case of\nfluctuating order parameter, to calculate the stress tensor for Coulomb fluids.\nThis tensor encompasses the mean-field stress tensor and the fluctuation\ncorrections derived through the one-loop approximation. The correction for\nfluctuations includes a term that accounts for the thermal fluctuations of the\nlocal electrostatic potential and field in the vicinity of the mean-field\nconfiguration. This correlation stress tensor determines how electrostatic\ncorrelation affects local stresses in a nonuniform Coulomb fluid. We also use\npreviously formulated general covariant methodology [P.E. Brandyshev and Yu.A.\nBudkov, J. Chem. Phys. 158, 174114 (2023)] in conjunction with a functional\nLegendre transformation method and derive within it the same total stress\ntensor. We would like to emphasize that our general approaches are applicable\nnot only to Coulomb fluids but also to nonionic simple or complex fluids, for\nwhich the field-theoretic Hamiltonian is known as a functional of the relevant\nscalar order parameters.",
        "positive": "Minimal duality breaking in the Kallen-Lehman approach to 3D Ising\n  model: a numerical test: A Kallen-Lehman approach to 3D Ising model is analyzed numerically both at\nlow and high temperature. It is shown that, even assuming a minimal duality\nbreaking, one can fix three parameters of the model to get a very good\nagreement with the MonteCarlo results at high temperatures. With the same\nparameters the agreement is satisfactory both at low and near critical\ntemperatures. How to improve the agreement with MonteCarlo results by\nintroducing a more general duality breaking is shortly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of mixing and stirring on the critical behavior: Stochastic dynamics of a nonconserved scalar order parameter near its\ncritical point, subject to random stirring and mixing, is studied using the\nfield theoretic renormalization group. The stirring and mixing are modelled by\na random external Gaussian noise with the correlation function\n$\\propto\\delta(t-t') k^{4-d-y}$ and the divergence-free (due to\nincompressibility) velocity field, governed by the stochastic Navier--Stokes\nequation with a random Gaussian force with the correlation function\n$\\propto\\delta(t-t') k^{4-d-y'}$. Depending on the relations between the\nexponents $y$ and $y'$ and the space dimensionality $d$, the model reveals\nseveral types of scaling regimes. Some of them are well known (model A of\nequilibrium critical dynamics and linear passive scalar field advected by a\nrandom turbulent flow), but there are three new nonequilibrium regimes\n(universality classes) associated with new nontrivial fixed points of the\nrenormalization group equations. The corresponding critical dimensions are\ncalculated in the two-loop approximation (second order of the triple expansion\nin $y$, $y'$ and $\\epsilon=4-d$).",
        "positive": "Organization of complex networks without multiple connections: We find a new structural feature of equilibrium complex random networks\nwithout multiple and self-connections. We show that if the number of\nconnections is sufficiently high, these networks contain a core of highly\ninterconnected vertices. The number of vertices in this core varies in the\nrange between $const N^{1/2}$ and $const N^{2/3}$, where $N$ is the number of\nvertices in a network. At the birth point of the core, we obtain the\nsize-dependent cut-off of the distribution of the number of connections and\nfind that its position differs from earlier estimates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-additive large deviations function for the particle densities of\n  driven systems in contact: We investigate the non-equilibrium large deviations function of the particle\ndensities in two steady-state driven systems exchanging particles at a\nvanishing rate. We first derive through a systematic multi-scale analysis the\ncoarse-grained master equation satisfied by the distribution of the numbers of\nparticles in each system. Assuming that this distribution takes for large\nsystems a large deviations form, we obtain the equation (similar to a\nHamilton-Jacobi equation) satisfied by the large deviations function of the\ndensities. Depending on the systems considered, this equation may satisfy or\nnot the macroscopic detailed balance property, i.e., a time-reversibility\nproperty at large deviations level. In the absence of macroscopic detailed\nbalance, the large deviations function can be determined as an expansion close\nto a solution satisfying macroscopic detailed balance. In this case, the large\ndeviations function is generically non-additive, i.e., it cannot be split as\ntwo separate contributions from each system. In addition, the large deviations\nfunction can be interpreted as a non-equilibrium free energy, as it satisfies a\ngeneralization of the second law of thermodynamics, in the spirit of the\nHatano-Sasa relation. Some of the results are illustrated on an exactly\nsolvable driven lattice gas model.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium and dynamical phase transitions in fully connected quantum\n  Ising model: Approximate energy eigenstates and critical time: We study equilibrium as well as dynamical properties of the finite-size fully\nconnected Ising model with a transverse field at the zero temperature. In\nrelation to the equilibrium, we present approximate ground and first excited\nstates that have large overlap -- except near the phase transition point --\nwith the exact energy eigenstates. For both the approximate and exact\neigenstates, we compute the energy gap, concurrence, and geometric measure of\nquantum entanglement. We observe a good match in the case of energy gap and\ngeometric entanglement between the approximate and exact eigenstates. Whereas,\nwhen the system size is large, the concurrence shows a nice agreement only in\nthe paramagnetic phase. In a quench dynamics, we study the time period and the\nfirst critical time, which play important roles in the dynamical phase\ntransitions, based on a dynamical order parameter and the Loschmidt rate,\nrespectively. When all the spins are initially polarized in the direction of\ntheir mutual interaction, both the time period and critical time diverges\nlogarithmically with the system size at the dynamical critical point. When all\nthe spins are initially in the direction of transverse field, both the time\nperiod and critical time exhibit logarithmic or power-law divergences depending\non the final field strength. In the case of convergence, we provide estimates\nfor the finite-size scaling and converged value."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reals-space renormalization group study of the anisotropic\n  antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the square lattice: In this work we apply two different real-space renormalization-group (RSRG)\napproaches to the anisotropic antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 Heisenberg model on\nthe square lattice. Our calculations allow for an approximate evaluation of the\n$T$ vs. $\\Delta$ phase-diagram: the results suggest the existence of a critical\nvalue of $\\Delta>0$, at which the critical temperature goes to zero, and the\npresence of reentrant behavior on the critical line between the ordered and\ndisordered phases. This whole critical line is found to belong to the same\nuniversality class as the Ising model. Our results are in accordance with\nprevious RSRG approaches but not with numerical simulations and spin-wave\ncalculations.",
        "positive": "Unifying Theories for Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics: The question of deriving general force/flux relationships that apply out of\nthe linear response regime is a central topic of theories for nonequilibrium\nstatistical mechanics. This work applies an information theory perspective to\ncompute approximate force/flux relations and compares the result with\ntraditional alternatives. If it can be said that there is a consensus on the\nform of response theories in driven, nonequilibrium transient dynamics, then\nthat consensus is consistent with maximizing the entropy of a distribution over\ntransition space. This agreement requires the problem of force/flux\nrelationships to be described entirely in terms of such transition\ndistributions, rather than steady-state properties (such as near-equilibrium\nworks) or distributions over trajectory space (such as maximum caliber). Within\nthe transition space paradigm, it is actually simpler to work in the fully\nnonlinear regime without relying on any assumptions about the steady-state or\nlong-time properties. Our results are compared to extensive numerical\nsimulations of two very different systems. The first is a the periodic Lorentz\ngas under constant external force, extended with angular velocity and\nphysically realistic inelastic scattering. The second is an\n$\\alpha$-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chain, extended with a Langevin thermostat that\ncouples only to individual harmonic modes. Although we simulate both starting\nfrom transient initial conditions, the maximum entropy structure of the\ntransition distribution is clearly evident on both atomistic and intermediate\nsize scales. The result encourages further development of empirical laws for\nnonequilibrium statistical mechanics by employing analogies with standard\nmaximum entropy techniques -- even in cases where large deviation principles\ncannot be rigorously proven."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic Singularities in Cooperative Exclusion: We investigate cooperative exclusion, in which the particle velocity can be\nan increasing function of the density. Within a hydrodynamic theory, an initial\ndensity upsteps and downsteps can evolve into: (a) shock waves, (b) continuous\ncompression or rarefaction waves, or (c) a mixture of shocks and continuous\nwaves. These unusual phenomena arise because of an inflection point in the\ncurrent versus density relation. This anomaly leads to a group velocity that\ncan either be an increasing or a decreasing function of the density on either\nside of these wave singularities.",
        "positive": "Natural clustering: the modularity approach: We show that modularity, a quantity introduced in the study of networked\nsystems, can be generalized and used in the clustering problem as an indicator\nfor the quality of the solution. The introduction of this measure arises very\nnaturally in the case of clustering algorithms that are rooted in Statistical\nMechanics and use the analogy with a physical system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Role of interactions in a closed quenched system: We study the non-equilibrium steady states in a closed system consisting of\ninteracting particles obeying exclusion principle with quenched hopping rate.\nCluster mean field approach is utilized to theoretically analyze the system\ndynamics in terms of phase diagram, density profiles, current, etc. with\nrespect to interaction energy $E$. It turns out that on increasing the\ninteraction energy beyond a critical value, $E_c$, shock region shows\nnon-monotonic behavior and contracts until another critical value $E_{c_1}$ is\nattained; a further increase leads to its expansion. Moreover, the phase\ndiagram of an interacting system with specific set of parameters has a good\nagreement with its non-interacting analogue. For interaction energy below\n$E_c$, a new shock phase displaying features different from non-interacting\nversion is observed leading to two distinct shock phases. We have also\nperformed Monte Carlo simulations extensively to validate our theoretical\nfindings.",
        "positive": "Noise correction of large deviations with anomalous scaling: We present a path integral calculation of the probability distribution\nassociated with the time-integrated moments of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process\nthat includes the Gaussian prefactor in addition to the dominant path or\ninstanton term obtained in the low-noise limit. The instanton term was obtained\nrecently [D. Nickelsen, H. Touchette, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 090602 (2018)] and\nshows that the large deviations of the time-integrated moments are anomalous in\nthe sense that the logarithm of their distribution scales nonlinearly with the\nintegration time. The Gaussian prefactor gives a correction to the low-noise\napproximation and leads us to define an instanton variance giving some insights\nas to how anomalous large deviations are created in time. The results are\ncompared with simulations based on importance sampling, extending our previous\nresults based on direct Monte Carlo simulations. We conclude by explaining why\nmany of the standard analytical and numerical methods of large deviation theory\nfail in the case of anomalous large deviations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Short Time Dynamics for Steeply Repulsive Potentials: The autocorrelation functions for the force on a particle, the velocity of a\nparticle, and the transverse momentum flux are studied for the power law\npotential $v(r)=\\epsilon (\\sigma /r)^{\\nu}$ (soft spheres). The latter two\ncorrelation functions characterize the Green-Kubo expressions for the\nself-diffusion coefficient and shear viscosity. The short time dynamics is\ncalculated exactly as a function of $\\nu $. The dynamics is characterized by a\nuniversal scaling function $S(\\tau)$, where $\\tau =t/\\tau_{\\nu}$ and $ \\tau\n_{\\nu}$ is the mean time to traverse the core of the potential divided by $\\nu\n$. In the limit of asymptotically large $\\nu $ this scaling function leads to\ndelta function in time contributions in the correlation functions for the force\nand momentum flux. It is shown that this singular limit agrees with the special\nGreen-Kubo representation for hard sphere transport coefficients. The domain of\nthe scaling law is investigated by comparison with recent results from\nmolecular dynamics simulation for this potential.",
        "positive": "Extraction of Zero-Point Energy from the Vacuum: Assessment of\n  Stochastic Electrodynamics-Based Approach as Compared to Other Methods: In research articles and patents several methods have been proposed for the\nextraction of zero-point energy from the vacuum. None of the proposals have\nbeen reliably demonstrated, yet they remain largely unchallenged. In this paper\nthe underlying thermodynamics principles of equilibrium, detailed balance, and\nconservation laws are presented for zero-point energy extraction. The proposed\nmethods are separated into three classes: nonlinear processing of the\nzero-point field, mechanical extraction using Casimir cavities, and the pumping\nof atoms through Casimir cavities. The first two approaches are shown to\nviolate thermodynamics principles, and therefore appear not to be feasible, no\nmatter how innovative their execution. The third approach, based upon\nstochastic electrodynamics, does not appear to violate these principles, but\nmay face other obstacles. Initial experimental results are tantalizing but,\ngiven the lower than expected power output, inconclusive."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical modeling of material points evolution in a system with gravity: The evolution of material points interacting via gravitational force in 3D\nspace was investigated. At initial moment points with masses of 2.48 Sun masses\nare randomly distributed inside a cube with an edge of 5 light-years. The\nmodeling was conducted at different initial distributions of velocities and\ndifferent ratios between potential and kinetic energy of the points. As a\nresult of modeling the time dependence of velocity distribution function of\npoints was obtained. Dependence of particles fraction which had evaporated from\ninitial cluster on time for different initial conditions is obtained. In\nparticular, it was obtained that the fraction of evaporated particles varies\nbetween 0,45 and 0,63. Mutual diffusion of two classes of particles at\ndifferent initial conditions in the case when at initial moment of time both\nclasses of particles occupy equal parts of cube was investigated. The maximum\nLyapunov exponent of the system with different initial conditions was\ncalculated. The obtained value weakly depends on the ratio between initial\nkinetic and potential energies and amounts approximately 10^-5. Corresponding\ntime of the particle trajectories divergence turned out to be 40-50 thousand\nyears.",
        "positive": "Maximal dispersion of adaptive random walks: Maximum entropy random walks (MERWs) are maximally dispersing and play a key\nrole in optimizing information spreading in various contexts. However, building\nMERWs comes at the cost of knowing beforehand the global structure of the\nnetwork, a requirement that makes them totally inadequate in real case\nscenarios. Here, we propose an adaptive random walk (ARW), which instead\nmaximizes dispersion by updating its transition rule on the local information\ncollected while exploring the network. We show how to derive ARW via a\nlarge-deviation representation of MERW and study its dynamics on synthetic and\nreal world networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral Perturbation and Reconstructability of Complex Networks: In recent years, many network perturbation techniques, such as topological\nperturbations and service perturbations, were employed to study and improve the\nrobustness of complex networks. However, there is no general way to evaluate\nthe network robustness. In this paper, we propose a new global measure for a\nnetwork, the reconstructability coefficient {\\theta}, defined as the maximum\nnumber of eigenvalues that can be removed, subject to the condition that the\nadjacency matrix can be reconstructed exactly. Our main finding is that a\nlinear scaling law, E[{\\theta}]=aN, seems universal, in that it holds for all\nnetworks that we have studied.",
        "positive": "Unconventional MBE Strategies from Computer Simulations for Optimized\n  Growth Conditions: We investigate the influence of step edge diffusion (SED) and desorption on\nMolecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) using kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations of the\nsolid-on-solid (SOS) model. Based on these investigations we propose two\nstrategies to optimize MBE growth. The strategies are applicable in different\ngrowth regimes: During layer-by-layer growth one can exploit the presence of\ndesorption in order to achieve smooth surfaces. By additional short high flux\npulses of particles one can increase the growth rate and assist layer-by-layer\ngrowth. If, however, mounds are formed (non-layer-by-layer growth) the SED can\nbe used to control size and shape of the three-dimensional structures. By\ncontrolled reduction of the flux with time we achieve a fast coarsening\ntogether with smooth step edges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scale without conformal invariance in membrane theory: We investigate the relation between dilatation and conformal symmetries in\nthe statistical mechanics of flexible crystalline membranes. We analyze, in\nparticular, a well-known model which describes the fluctuations of a continuum\nelastic medium embedded in a higher-dimensional space. In this theory, the\nrenormalization group flow connects a non-interacting ultraviolet fixed point,\nwhere the theory is controlled by linear elasticity, to an interacting infrared\nfixed point. By studying the structure of correlation functions and of the\nenergy-momentum tensor, we show that, in the infrared, the theory is only\nscale-invariant: the dilatation symmetry is not enhanced to full conformal\ninvariance. The model is shown to present a non-vanishing virial current which,\ndespite being non-conserved, maintains a scaling dimension exactly equal to $D\n- 1$, even in presence of interactions. We attribute the absence of anomalous\ndimensions to the symmetries of the model under translations and rotations in\nthe embedding space, which are realized as shifts of phonon fields, and which\nprotect the renormalization of several non-invariant operators. We also note\nthat closure of a symmetry algebra with both shift symmetries and conformal\ninvariance would require, in the hypothesis that phonons transform as primary\nfields, the presence of new shift symmetries which are not expected to hold on\nphysical grounds. We then consider an alternative model, involving only scalar\nfields, which describes effective phonon-mediated interactions between local\nGaussian curvatures. The model is described in the ultraviolet by two copies of\nthe biharmonic theory, which is conformal, but flows in the infrared to a fixed\npoint which we argue to be only dilatation-invariant.",
        "positive": "Faceted patterns and anomalous surface roughening driven by long-term\n  correlated noise: We investigate Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) surface growth in the presence of\nlong-term correlated noise. By means of extensive numerical simulations of\nmodels in the KPZ universality class we find that, as the noise correlator\nrange increases, the surface develops a pattern of macroscopic facets that\ncompletely dominate the dynamics and induce anomalous kinetic roughening. This\nnovel phenomenon is not described by the conventional dynamic renormalisation\ngroup calculations and can explain the singular behavior observed in the\nanalytical treatment of this problem in the seminal paper of Medina {\\it et al}\n[Phys. Rev. A {\\bf 39}, 3053 (1989)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical physics of inference: Thresholds and algorithms: Many questions of fundamental interest in todays science can be formulated as\ninference problems: Some partial, or noisy, observations are performed over a\nset of variables and the goal is to recover, or infer, the values of the\nvariables based on the indirect information contained in the measurements. For\nsuch problems, the central scientific questions are: Under what conditions is\nthe information contained in the measurements sufficient for a satisfactory\ninference to be possible? What are the most efficient algorithms for this task?\nA growing body of work has shown that often we can understand and locate these\nfundamental barriers by thinking of them as phase transitions in the sense of\nstatistical physics. Moreover, it turned out that we can use the gained\nphysical insight to develop new promising algorithms. Connection between\ninference and statistical physics is currently witnessing an impressive\nrenaissance and we review here the current state-of-the-art, with a pedagogical\nfocus on the Ising model which formulated as an inference problem we call the\nplanted spin glass. In terms of applications we review two classes of problems:\n(i) inference of clusters on graphs and networks, with community detection as a\nspecial case and (ii) estimating a signal from its noisy linear measurements,\nwith compressed sensing as a case of sparse estimation. Our goal is to provide\na pedagogical review for researchers in physics and other fields interested in\nthis fascinating topic.",
        "positive": "Crossover effects in a discrete deposition model with\n  Kardar-Parisi-Zhang scaling: We simulated a growth model in 1+1 dimensions in which particles are\naggregated according to the rules of ballistic deposition with probability p or\naccording to the rules of random deposition with surface relaxation (Family\nmodel) with probability 1-p. For any p>0, this system is in the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class, but it presents a slow crossover\nfrom the Edwards-Wilkinson class (EW) for small p. From the scaling of the\ngrowth velocity, the parameter p is connected to the coefficient of the\nnonlinear term of the KPZ equation, lambda, giving lambda ~ p^gamma, with gamma\n= 2.1 +- 0.2. Our numerical results confirm the interface width scaling in the\ngrowth regime as W ~ lambda^beta t^beta, and the scaling of the saturation time\nas tau ~ lambda^(-1) L^z, with the expected exponents beta =1/3 and z=3/2 and\nstrong corrections to scaling for small lambda. This picture is consistent with\na crossover time from EW to KPZ growth in the form t_c ~ lambda^(-4) ~ p^(-8),\nin agreement with scaling theories and renormalization group analysis. Some\nconsequences of the slow crossover in this problem are discussed and may help\ninvestigations of more complex models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of polyzwitterion conformations: Conformational characteristics of polyzwitterionic molecules in aqueous\nsolutions are investigated using the variational method. Analytical relations\nare derived for the radius of gyration of a single polyzwitterionic chain as a\nfunction of the chain length, electrostatic interaction strength, added salt\nconcentration, dipole moment and degree of ionization of the zwitterionic\nmonomers. In the absence of the small ions (counterions and coions) near the\npolyzwitterionic chain, attractive dipole-dipole interactions are shown to\ninduce a collapse of the polyzwitterionic chain. However, in the presence of\nthe small ions, the radius of gyration is shown to be an interplay of the\nscreening of the electrostatic interactions and the counterion adsorption on\nthe zwitterionic sites. In addition to the well-known Debye-Huckel screening of\nthe charge-charge interactions, screening of the charge-dipole and\ndipole-dipole interactions are found to play important roles in determining the\nsize of the chain. Functional forms for the screened charge-dipole and\ndipole-dipole interaction potentials are presented. Furthermore, counterion\nadsorption on the zwitterionic monomers is predicted to be asymmetric depending\non the nature of the added salt and the zwitterionic groups. Qualitative\nremarks regarding the solubility of these molecules in aqueous solutions along\nwith the classical \"anti-polyelectrolyte\" effect (increase in the solubility in\nwater with the addition of salt) are presented.",
        "positive": "Is local scale invariance a generic property of ageing phenomena ?: In contrast to recent claims by Enss, Henkel, Picone, and Schollwoeck [J.\nPhys. A 37, 10479] it is shown that the critical autoresponse function of the\n1+1-dimensional contact process is not in agreement with the predictions of\nlocal scale invariance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reversal of Thermal Rectification in Quantum Systems: We study thermal transport in anisotropic Heisenberg spin chains using the\nquantum master equation. It is found that thermal rectification changes sign\nwhen the external homogeneous magnetic field is varied. This reversal also\noccurs when the magnetic field becomes inhomogeneous. Moreover, we can tune the\nreversal of rectification by temperatures of the heat baths, the anisotropy and\nsize of the spin chains.",
        "positive": "Specific Heat of Ising Model with Holes: Mathematical Details Using\n  Dimer Approaches: In this paper, we use the dimer method to obtain the free energy of Ising\nmodels consisting of repeated horizontal strips of width $m$ connected by\nsequences of vertical strings of length $n$ mutually separated by distance $N$,\nwith $N$ arbitrary, to investigate the effects of connectivity and proximity on\nthe specific heat. The decoration method is used to transform the strings of\n$n+1$ spins interacting with their nearest neighbors with coupling $J$ into a\npair with coupling $\\bar J$ between the two spins. The free energy per site is\ngiven as a single integral and some results for critical temperatures are\nderived."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Protein Design is a Key Factor for Subunit-subunit Association: Fundamental questions about the role of the quaternary structures are\naddressed using a statistical mechanics off-lattice model of a dimer protein.\nThe model, in spite of its simplicity, captures key features of the\nmonomer-monomer interactions revealed by atomic force experiments. Force curves\nduring association and dissociation are characterized by sudden jumps followed\nby smooth behavior and form hysteresis loops. Furthermore, the process is\nreversible in a finite range of temperature stabilizing the dimer. It is shown\nthat in the interface between the two monomeric subunits the design procedure\nnaturally favors those amino acids whose mutual interaction is stronger.\nFurthermore it is shown that the width of the hysteresis loop increases as the\ndesign procedure improves, i.e. stabilizes more the dimer.",
        "positive": "Expectation bubbles in a spin model of markets: Intermittency from\n  frustration across scales: A simple spin model is studied, motivated by the dynamics of traders in a\nmarket where expectation bubbles and crashes occur. The dynamics is governed by\ninteractions which are frustrated across different scales: While ferromagnetic\ncouplings connect each spin to its local neighborhood, an additional coupling\nrelates each spin to the global magnetization. This new coupling is allowed to\nbe anti-ferromagnetic. The resulting frustration causes a metastable dynamics\nwith intermittency and phases of chaotic dynamics. The model reproduces main\nobservations of real economic markets as power-law distributed returns and\nclustered volatility."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work relations with measurement and feedback control on nonuniform\n  temperature systems: The relation between the work performed to a system and the change of its\nfree energy during a certain process is important in nonequilibrium statistical\nmechanics. In particular, the work relation with measurement and feedback\ncontrol has attracted much attention, because it resolved the paradox\nconcerning Maxwell's demon. Most studies, however, assume that their target\nsystems are isolated or isothermal. In this paper, by considering a\nnonisothermal system, we generalize the Sagawa-Ueda-Jarzynski relation, which\ninvolves measurement and feedback control, and apply it to a realistic model.\nFurthermore, when the temperature profile is quadratic, we see that the system\nis governed by Tsallis statistical mechanics. In addition, we show that our\nformulation provides the generalized version of the second law of information\nthermodynamics and a set of work relations for isothermal systems.",
        "positive": "Quasi-long-range order in trapped systems: We investigate the effects of a trapping space-dependent potential on the\nlow-temperature quasi-long-range order phase of two-dimensional particle\nsystems with a relevant U(1) symmetry, such as quantum atomic gases. We\ncharacterize the universal features of the trap-size dependence using scaling\narguments. The resulting scenario is supported by numerical Monte Carlo\nsimulations of a classical two-dimensional XY model with a space-dependent\nhopping parameter whose inhomogeneity is analogous to that arising from the\ntrapping potential in experiments of atomic gases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The geometry of percolation fronts in two-dimensional lattices with\n  spatially varying densities: Percolation theory is usually applied to lattices with a uniform probability\np that a site is occupied or that a bond is closed. The more general case,\nwhere p is a function of the position x, has received less attention. Previous\nstudies with long-range spatial variations in p(x) have only investigated cases\nwhere p has a finite, non-zero gradient at the critical point p_c. Here we\nextend the theory to two-dimensional cases in which the gradient can change\nfrom zero to infinity. We present scaling laws for the width and length of the\nhull (i.e. the boundary of the spanning cluster). We show that the scaling\nexponents for the width and the length depend on the shape of p(x), but they\nalways have a constant ratio 4/3 so that the hull's fractal dimension D=7/4 is\ninvariant. On this basis, we derive and verify numerically an asymptotic\nexpression for the probability h(x) that a site at a given distance x from p_c\nis on the hull.",
        "positive": "Critical Phenomena and Strategy Ordering with Hub Centrality Approach in\n  the Aspiration-based Coordination Game: We study the coordination game with an aspiration-driven update rule in\nregular graphs and scale-free networks. We prove that the model coincides\nexactly with the Ising model and shows a phase transition at the critical\nselection noise when the aspiration level is zero. It is found that the\ncritical selection noise decreases with clustering in random regular graphs.\nWith a non-zero aspiration level, the model also exhibits a phase transition as\nlong as the aspiration level is smaller than the degree of graphs. We also show\nthat the critical exponents are independent of clustering and aspiration level\nto confirm that the coordination game belongs to the Ising universality class.\nAs for scale-free networks, the effect of aspiration level on the order\nparameter at a low selection noise is examined. In model networks\n(Barab\\'{a}si-Albert network and Holme-Kim network), the order parameter\nabruptly decreases when the aspiration level is the same as the average degree\nof the network. In real-world networks, in contrast, the order parameter\ndecreases gradually. We explain this difference by proposing the concepts of\nhub centrality and local hub. The histogram of hub centrality of real-world\nnetworks separates into two parts unlike model networks, and local hubs exist\nonly in real-world networks. We conclude that the difference of network\nstructures in model and real-world networks induces qualitatively different\nbehavior in the coordination game."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local order and crystallization of dense polydisperse hard spheres: Computer simulations give precious insight into the microscopic behavior of\nsupercooled liquids and glasses, but their typical time scales are orders of\nmagnitude shorter than the experimentally relevant ones. We recently closed\nthis gap for a class of models of size polydisperse fluids, which we\nsuccessfully equilibrate beyond laboratory time scales by means of the swap\nMonte Carlo algorithm. In this contribution, we study the interplay between\ncompositional and geometric local orders in a model of polydisperse hard\nspheres equilibrated with this algorithm. Local compositional order has a weak\nstate dependence, while local geometric order associated to icosahedral\narrangements grows more markedly but only at very high density. We quantify the\ncorrelation lengths and the degree of sphericity associated to icosahedral\nstructures and compare these results to those for the Wahnstr\\\"om Lennard-Jones\nmixture. Finally, we analyze the structure of very dense samples that partially\ncrystallized following a pattern incompatible with conventional fractionation\nscenarios. The crystal structure has the symmetry of aluminum diboride and\ninvolves a subset of small and large particles with size ratio approximately\nequal to 0.5.",
        "positive": "Non-Fickian single-file pore transport: Single file diffusion (SFD) exhibits anomalously slow collective transport\nwhen particles are able to immobilize by binding and unbinding to the\none-dimensional channel within which the particles diffuse. We have explored\nthis system for short pore-like channels using a symmetric exclusion process\n(SEP) with fully stochastic dynamics. We find that for shorter channels, a\nnon-Fickian regime emerges for slow binding kinetics. In this regime the\naverage flux $\\langle \\Phi \\rangle \\sim 1/L^3$, where $L$ is the channel length\nin units of the particle size. We find that a two-state model describes this\nbehavior well for sufficiently slow binding rates, where the binding rates\ndetermine the switching time between high-flux bursts of directed transport and\nlow-flux leaky states. Each high-flux burst is Fickian with $\\langle \\Phi\n\\rangle \\sim 1/L$. Longer systems are more often in a low flux state, leading\nto the non-Fickian behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Observing Golden Mean Universality Class in the Scaling of Thermal\n  Transport: We address the issue of whether the golden mean $\\left[\\psi=(\\sqrt{5}+1)/2\n\\simeq 1.618\\right]$ universality class, as predicted by several theoretical\nmodels, can be observed in the dynamical scaling of thermal transport.\nRemarkably, we show estimate with unprecedented precision, that $\\psi$ appears\nto be the scaling exponent of heat mode correlation in a purely quartic\nanharmonic chain. This observation seems somewhat deviation from the previous\nexpectation and we explain it by the unusual slow decay of the\ncross-correlation between heat and sound modes. Whenever the cubic\nanharmonicity is included, this cross-correlation is gradually died out and\nanother universality class with scaling exponent $\\gamma=5/3$, as commonly\npredicted by theories, seems recovered. However, this recovery is accompanied\nby two interesting phase transition processes characterized by a change of\nsymmetry of the potential and a clear variation of the dynamic structure\nfactor, respectively. Due to these transitions, an additional exponent close to\n$\\gamma \\simeq 1.580$ emerges. All these evidences suggest that, to gain a full\nprediction of the scaling of thermal transport, more ingredients should be\ntaken into account.",
        "positive": "Three-dimensional Ising model confined in low-porosity aerogels: a Monte\n  Carlo study: The influence of correlated impurities on the critical behaviour of the 3D\nIsing model is studied using Monte Carlo simulations. Spins are confined into\nthe pores of simulated aerogels (diffusion limited cluster-cluster aggregation)\nin order to study the effect of quenched disorder on the critical behaviour of\nthis magnetic system. Finite size scaling is used to estimate critical\ncouplings and exponents. Long-range correlated disorder does not affect\ncritical behavior. Asymptotic exponents differ from those of the pure 3D Ising\nmodel (3DIS), but it is impossible, with our precision, to distinguish them\nfrom the randomly diluted Ising model (RDIS)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mutual Information of Three-State Low Activity Diluted Neural Networks\n  with Self-Control: The influence of a macroscopic time-dependent threshold on the retrieval\nprocess of three-state extremely diluted neural networks is examined. If the\nthreshold is chosen appropriately in function of the noise and the pattern\nactivity of the network, adapting itself in the course of the time evolution,\nit guarantees an autonomous functioning of the network. It is found that this\nself-control mechanism considerably improves the retrieval quality, especially\nin the limit of low activity, including the storage capacity, the basins of\nattraction and the information content. The mutual information is shown to be\nthe relevant parameter to study the retrieval quality of such low activity\nmodels. Numerical results confirm these observations.",
        "positive": "Caustics in turbulent aerosols: Networks of caustics can occur in the distribution of particles suspended in\na randomly moving gas. These can facilitate coagulation of particles by\nbringing them into close proximity, even in cases where the trajectories do not\ncoalesce. We show that the long-time morphology of these caustic patterns is\ndetermined by the Lyapunov exponents lambda_1, lambda_2 of the suspended\nparticles, as well as the rate J at which particles encounter caustics. We\ndevelop a theory determining the quantities J, lambda_1, lambda_2 from the\nstatistical properties of the gas flow, in the limit of short correlation\ntimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the ubiquity of matrix-product states in one-dimensional stochastic\n  processes with boundary interactions: Recently it has been shown that the zero-energy eigenstate -- corresponding\nto the stationary state -- of a stochastic Hamiltonian with nearest-neighbour\ninteraction in the bulk and single-site boundary terms, can always be written\nin the form of a so-called matrix-product state. We generalize this result to\nstochastic Hamiltonians with arbitrary, but finite, interaction range. As an\napplication two different particle-hopping models with three-site bulk\ninteraction are studied. For these models which can be interpreted as cellular\nautomata for traffic flow, we present exact solutions for periodic boundary\nconditions and some suitably chosen boundary interactions.",
        "positive": "Non-Boltzmann Ensembles and Monte Carlo Simulation: Boltzmann sampling based on Metropolis algorithm has been extensively used\nfor simulating a canonical ensemble. An estimate of a mechanical property, like\nenergy, of an equilibrium system, can be made by averaging over a large number\nmicrostates generated by Boltzmann Monte Carlo methods. However, a thermal\nproperty like entropy is not easily accessible to these methods. The reason is\nsimple. We can assign a numerical value for energy to each microstate. But we\ncan not assign a numerical value for entropy, to a microstate. Entropy is not a\nproperty associated with any single microstate.It is a collective property of\nallthe microstates. Toward calculating entropy and other thermal properties, a\nnon-Boltzmann Monte Carlo technique called Umbrella sampling was proposed in\nthe mid-seventies (of the last century). Umbrella sampling has since undergone\nseveral metamorphoses and we have now, multi-canonical Monte Carlo, entropic\nsampling, flat histogram methods, Wang-Landau algorithm {\\it etc.} This class\nof methods generates non-Boltzmann ensembles which are un-physical. However,\nphysical quantities can be calculated by un-weighting of the microstates of the\nentropic ensemble, followed by re-weighting to the desired physical ensemble.In\nthis talk I shall tellyou of a few non-Boltzmann Monte Carlo methods with\nemphasis on recent developments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Blast waves in two and three dimensions: Euler versus Navier Stokes\n  equations: The exact solution of the Euler equation, which describes the time evolution\nof a blast wave created by an intense explosion, is a classic problem in gas\ndynamics. However, it has been found that the analytical results do not match\nwith results from molecular dynamics simulation of hard spheres in two and\nthree dimensions. In this paper, we show that the mismatch between theory and\nsimulations can be resolved by considering the Navier Stokes equation. From the\ndirect numerical simulation of the Navier Stokes equation in two and three\ndimensions, we show that the inclusion of heat conduction and viscosity terms\nis essential to capture the results from molecular dynamics simulations.",
        "positive": "Hidden gauge structure and derivation of microcanonical ensemble theory\n  of bosons from quantum principles: Microcanonical ensemble theory of bosons is derived from quantum mechanics by\nmaking use of a hidden gauge structure. The relative phase interaction\nassociated with this gauge structure, described by the Pegg-Barnett formalism,\nis shown to lead to perfect decoherence in the thermodynamics limit and the\nprinciple of equal a priori probability, simultaneously."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strongly confined fluids: Diverging time scales and slowing down of\n  equilibration: The Newtonian dynamics of strongly confined fluids exhibits a rich behavior.\nIts confined and unconfined degrees of freedom decouple for confinement length\n$L \\to 0$. In that case and for a slit geometry the intermediate scattering\nfunctions $S_{\\mu\\nu}(q,t)$ simplify, resulting for $(\\mu,\\nu) \\neq (0,0)$ in a\nKnudsen-gas like behavior of the confined degrees of freedom, and otherwise in\n$S_{\\parallel}(q,t)$, describing the structural relaxation of the unconfined\nones. Taking the coupling into account we prove that the energy fluctuations\nrelax exponentially. For smooth potentials the relaxation times diverge as\n$L^{-3}$ and $L^{-4}$, respectively, for the confined and unconfined degrees of\nfreedom. The strength of the $L^{-3}$ divergence can be calculated\nanalytically. It depends on the pair potential and the two-dimensional pair\ndistribution function. Experimental setups are suggested to test these\npredictions.",
        "positive": "Fisher Renormalization for Logarithmic Corrections: For continuous phase transitions characterized by power-law divergences,\nFisher renormalization prescribes how to obtain the critical exponents for a\nsystem under constraint from their ideal counterparts. In statistical\nmechanics, such ideal behaviour at phase transitions is frequently modified by\nmultiplicative logarithmic corrections. Here, Fisher renormalization for the\nexponents of these logarithms is developed in a general manner. As for the\nleading exponents, Fisher renormalization at the logarithmic level is seen to\nbe involutory and the renormalized exponents obey the same scaling relations as\ntheir ideal analogs. The scheme is tested in lattice animals and the Yang-Lee\nproblem at their upper critical dimensions, where predictions for logarithmic\ncorrections are made."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Kasteleyn transition: Dimer models arise as effective descriptions in a variety of physical\ncontexts, and provide paradigmatic examples of systems subject to strong local\nconstraints. Here we present a quantum version of the venerable Kasteleyn\nmodel, which has an unusual phase transition from a dimer solid to a U(1)\nliquid. We show how the phase structure of the quantum model can be understood\nin terms of the quantum mechanics of one-dimensional strings and determine the\nexact value of the critical coupling. By constructing effective models to\ndescribe the properties of these strings, we calculate properties such as the\ndimer-dimer correlation function in the neighborhood of the transition. We also\ndiscuss the full phase structure of the model, in the ground state and at\nnonzero temperature.",
        "positive": "Low frequency limit for thermally activated escape with periodic driving: The period-average rate in the low frequency limit for thermally activated\nescape with periodic driving is derived in a closed analytical form. We define\nthe low frequency limit as the one where there is no essential dependence on\nfrequency so that the formal limit $\\Omega \\to 0$ in the appropriate equations\ncan be taken. We develop a perturbation theory of the action in the modulation\namplitude and obtain a cumbersom but closed and tractable formula for arbitrary\nvalues of the modulation ampitude to noise intensity ratio $A/D$ except a\nnarrow region near the bifurcation point and a simple analytical formula for\nthe limiting case of moderately strong modulation. The present theory yields\nanalytical description for the retardation of the exponential growth of the\nescape rate enhancement (i.e., transition from a log-linear regime to more\nmoderate growth and even reverse behavior). The theory is developed for an\narbitrary potential with an activation barrier but is exemplified by the cases\nof cubic (metastable) and quartic (bistable) potentials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nature of phase transition(s) in striped phase of triangular-lattice\n  Ising antiferromagnet: Different scenarios of the fluctuation-induced disordering of the striped\nphase which is formed at low temperatures in the triangular-lattice Ising model\nwith the antiferromagnetic interaction of nearest and next-to-nearest neighbors\nare analyzed and compared. The dominant mechanism of the disordering is related\nto the formation of a network of domain walls, which is characterized by an\nextensive number of zero modes and has to appear via the first-order phase\ntransition. In principle, this first-order transition can be preceded by a\ncontinuous one, related to the spontaneous formation of double domain walls and\na partial restoration of the broken symmetry, but the realization of such a\nscenario requires the fulfillment of rather special relations between the\ncoupling constants.",
        "positive": "Arresting classical many-body chaos by kinetic constraints: We investigate the effect of kinetic constraints on classical many-body chaos\nin a translationally-invariant Heisenberg spin chain using a classical\ncounterpart of the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC). The strength of the\nconstraint drives a 'dynamical phase transition' separating a delocalised\nphase, where the classical OTOC propagates ballistically, from a localised\nphase, where the OTOC does not propagate at all and the entire system freezes.\nThis is unexpected given that all spins configurations are dynamically\nconnected to each other. We show that localisation arises due to the dynamical\nformation of frozen islands, contiguous segments of spins immobile due to the\nconstraints, dominating over the melting of such islands."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phases of active matter in two dimensions: These notes focus on the description of the phases of matter in two\ndimensions. Firstly, we present a brief discussion of the phase diagrams of\nbidimensional interacting passive systems, and their numerical and experimental\nmeasurements. The presentation will be short and schematic. We will complement\nthese notes with a rather complete bibliography that should guide the students\nin their study of the development of this very rich subject over the last\ncentury. Secondly, we summarise very recent results on the phase diagrams of\nactive Brownian disks and active dumbbell systems in two dimensions. The idea\nis to identify all the phases and to relate, when this is possible, the ones\nfound in the passive limit with the ones observed at large values of the\nactivity, at high and low densities, and for both types of constituents.\nProposals for the mechanisms leading to these phases will be discussed. The\nphysics of bidimensional active systems open many questions, some of which will\nbe listed by the end of the Chapter.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic Behavior of the Isotropic-Nematic and Nematic-Columnar Phase\n  Boundaries for the System of Hard Rectangles on a Square lattice: A system of hard rectangles of size $m\\times mk$ on a square lattice\nundergoes three entropy driven phase transitions with increasing density for\nlarge enough aspect ratio $k$: first from a low density isotropic to an\nintermediate density nematic phase, second from the nematic to a columnar\nphase, and third from the columnar to a high density sublattice phase. In this\npaper we show, from extensive Monte Carlo simulations of systems with $m=1,2$\nand $3$, that the transition density for the isotropic-nematic transition is\n$\\approx A_1/k$ when $k \\gg 1$, where $A_1$ is independent of $m$. We estimate\n$A_1=4.80\\pm 0.05$. Within a Bethe approximation, we obtain $A_1=2$ and the\nvirial expansion truncated at second virial coefficient gives $A_1=1$. The\ncritical density for the nematic-columnar transition when $m=2$ is numerically\nshown to tend to a value less than the full packing density as $k^{-1}$ when\n$k\\to \\infty$. We find that the critical Binder cumulant for this transition is\nnon-universal and decreases as $k^{-1}$ for $k \\gg 1$. However, the transition\nis shown to be in the Ising universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "q-state Potts model on the Apollonian network: The q-state Potts model is studied on the Apollonian network with Monte Carlo\nsimulations and the Transfer Matrix method. The spontaneous magnetization,\ncorrelation length, entropy, and specific heat are analyzed as a function of\ntemperature for different number of states, $q$. Different scaling functions in\ntemperature and $q$ are proposed. A quantitative agreement is found between\nresults from both methods. No critical behavior is observed in the\nthermodynamic limit for any number of states.",
        "positive": "Orthogonality catastrophe and fractional exclusion statistics: We show that the $N$-particle Sutherland model with inverse-square and\nharmonic interactions exhibits orthogonality catastrophe. For a fixed value of\nthe harmonic coupling, the overlap of the $N$-body ground state wave functions\nwith two different values of the inverse-square interaction term goes to zero\nin the thermodynamic limit. When the two values of the inverse-square coupling\ndiffer by an infinitesimal amount, the wave function overlap shows an\nexponential suppression. This is qualitatively different from the usual power\nlaw suppression observed in the Anderson's orthogonality catastrophe. We also\nobtain an analytic expression for the wave function overlaps for an arbitrary\nset of couplings, whose properties are analyzed numerically. The quasiparticles\nconstituting the ground state wave functions of the Sutherland model are known\nto obey fractional exclusion statistics. Our analysis indicates that the\northogonality catastrophe may be valid in systems with more general kinds of\nstatistics than just the fermionic type."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusive mass transfer by non equilibrium fluctuations: Fick's law\n  revisited: Recent experimental and theoretical works have shown that giant fluctuations\nare present during diffusion in liquid systems. We use linearized fluctuating\nhydrodynamics to calculate the net mass transfer due to these non equilibrium\nfluctuations. Surprisingly the mass flow turns out to coincide with the usual\nFick's one. The renormalization of the hydrodynamic equations allows us to\nquantify the gravitational modifications of the diffusion coefficient induced\nby the gravitational stabilization of long wavelength fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Numerically \"exact\" simulations of a quantum Carnot cycle: Analysis\n  using thermodynamic work diagrams: We investigate the efficiency of a quantum Carnot engine based on open\nquantum dynamics theory. The model includes time-dependent external fields for\nthe subsystems controlling the isothermal and isentropic processes and for the\nsystem--bath (SB) interactions controlling the transition between these\nprocesses. Numerical simulations are conducted in a nonperturbative and\nnon-Markovian SB coupling regime using the hierarchical equations of motion\nunder these fields at different cycle frequencies. The work applied to the\ntotal system and the heat exchanged with the baths are rigorously evaluated. In\naddition, by regarding quasi-static work as free energy, we compute the quantum\nthermodynamic variables and analyze the simulation results using thermodynamic\nwork diagrams for the first time. Analysis of these diagrams indicates that, in\nthe strong SB coupling region, the fields for the SB interactions are major\nsources of work, while in other regions, the field for the subsystem is a\nsource of work. We find that the maximum efficiency is achieved in the\nquasi-static case and is determined solely by the bath temperatures, regardless\nof the SB coupling strength, which is a numerical manifestation of Carnot's\ntheorem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Linear Response in Complex Systems: CTRW and the Fractional\n  Fokker-Planck Equations: We consider the linear response of systems modelled by continuous-time random\nwalks (CTRW) and by fractional Fokker-Planck equations under the influence of\ntime-dependent external fields. We calculate the corresponding response\nfunctions explicitely. The CTRW curve exhibits aging, i.e. it is not\ntranslationally invariant in the time-domain. This is different from what\nhappens under fractional Fokker-Planck conditions.",
        "positive": "Overlap renormalization group transformations for disordered systems: We establish a renormalization group approach which is implemented on the\ndegrees of freedom defined by the overlap of two replicas to determine the\ncritical fixed point and to extract four critical exponents for the phase\ntransition of the three-dimensional Edwards-Anderson model. In addition, we\ncouple the overlap order parameter to a fictitious field and introduce it\nwithin the two-replica Hamiltonian of the system to study its explicit\nsymmetry-breaking with the renormalization group. Overlap transformations do\nnot require a renormalization of the random couplings of a system to extract\nthe critical exponents associated with the relevant variables of the\nrenormalization group. We conclude by discussing the applicability of such\ntransformations in the study of any phase transition which is fully\ncharacterized by an overlap order parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mpemba effect in anisotropically driven inelastic Maxwell gases: Through an exact analysis, we show the existence of Mpemba effect in an\nanisotropically driven inelastic Maxwell gas, a simplified model for granular\ngases, in two dimensions. Mpemba effect refers to the couterintuitive\nphenomenon of a hotter system relaxing to the steady state faster than a cooler\nsystem, when both are quenched to the same lower temperature. The Mpemba effect\nhas been illustrated in earlier studies on isotropically driven granular gases,\nbut its existence requires non-stationary initial states, limiting experimental\nrealisation. In this paper, we demonstrate the existence of the Mpemba effect\nin anisotropically driven granular gases even when the initial states are\nnon-equilibrium steady states. The precise conditions for the Mpemba effect,\nits inverse, and the stronger version, where the hotter system cools\nexponentially faster are derived.",
        "positive": "Entropy production fluctuations encode collective behavior in active\n  matter: We derive a general lower bound on distributions of entropy production in\ninteracting active matter systems. The bound is tight in the limit that\ninterparticle correlations are small and short-ranged, which we explore in four\ncanonical active matter models. In all models studied, the bound is weak where\ncollective fluctuations result in long-ranged correlations, which subsequently\nlinks the locations of phase transitions to enhanced entropy production\nfluctuations. We develop a theory for the onset of enhanced fluctuations and\nrelate it to specific phase transitions in active Brownian particles. We also\nderive optimal control forces that realize the dynamics necessary to tune\ndissipation and manipulate the system between phases. In so doing, we uncover a\ngeneral relationship between entropy production and pattern formation in active\nmatter, as well as ways of controlling it."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finding hidden order in spin models with persistent homology: Persistent homology (PH) is a relatively new field in applied mathematics\nthat studies the components and shapes of discrete data. In this work, we\ndemonstrate that PH can be used as a universal framework to identify phases in\nspin models, including hidden order such as spin nematic ordering and spin\nliquids. By converting a small number of spin configurations to barcodes we\nobtain a descriptive picture of configuration space. Using dimensionality\nreduction to reduce the barcode space to color space leads to a visualization\nof the phase diagram.",
        "positive": "Modulated phases in a spin model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions: We analyze the phase diagram of an elementary statistical lattice model of\nclassical, discrete, spin variables, with nearest-neighbor ferro-magnetic\nisotropic interactions in competition with chiral interactions along an axis.\nAt the mean-field level, we show the existence of para-magnetic lines of\ntransition to a region of modulated (helimagnetic) structures. We then turn to\nthe analysis of the analogous problem on a Cayley tree. Taking into account the\nsimplicity introduced by the infinite-coordination limit of the tree, we\nexplore several details of the phase diagrams in terms of temperature and a\nparameter of competition. In particular, we characterize sequences of modulated\n(helical) structures associated with devil's staircases of a fractal character."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Moment ratios for the pair contact process with diffusion: We study the continuous absorbing-state phase transition in the\none-dimensional pair contact process with diffusion (PCPD). In previous studies\n[Dickman and de Menezes, Phys. Rev. E, 66 045101(R) (2002)], the critical point\nmoment ratios of the order parameter showed anomalous behavior, growing with\nsystem size rather than taking universal values, as expected. Using the\nquasistationary simulation method we determine the moments of the order\nparameter up to fourth order at the critical point, in systems of up to 40960\nsites. Due to strong finite-size effects, the ratios converge only for large\nsystem sizes. Moment ratios and associated order-parameter histograms are\ncompared with those of directed percolation. We also report an improved\nestimate [p_c =0.077092(1)] for the nondiffusive pair contact process.",
        "positive": "Osmotic Pressure of Confined Square Lattice Self-Avoiding Walks: Flory-Huggins theory is a mean field theory for modelling the free energy of\ndense polymer solutions and polymer melts. In this paper we use Flory-Huggins\ntheory as a model of a dense two dimensional self-avoiding walk confined to a\nsquare in the square lattice. The theory describes the free energy of the walk\nwell, and we estimate the Flory interaction parameter of the walk to be\n$\\chi_{saw} = 0.32(1)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian motion of a charged particle driven internally by correlated\n  noise: We give an exact solution to the generalized Langevin equation of motion of a\ncharged Brownian particle in a uniform magnetic field that is driven internally\nby an exponentially-correlated stochastic force. A strong dissipation regime is\ndescribed in which the ensemble-averaged fluctuations of the velocity exhibit\ntransient oscillations that arise from memory effects. Also, we calculate\ngeneralized diffusion coefficients describing the transport of these particles\nand briefly discuss how they are affected by the magnetic field strength and\ncorrelation time. Our asymptotic results are extended to the general case of\ninternal driving by correlated Gaussian stochastic forces with finite\nautocorrelation times.",
        "positive": "Statistical theory of quasi stationary states beyond the single\n  water-bag case study: An analytical solution for the out-of-equilibrium quasi-stationary states of\nthe paradigmatic Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model can be obtained from a\nmaximum entropy principle. The theory has been so far tested with reference to\na specific class of initial condition, the so called (single-level) water-bag\ntype. In this paper a step forward is taken by considering an arbitrary number\nof overlapping water bags. The theory is benchmarked to direct microcanonical\nsimulations performed for the case of a two-levels water-bag. The comparison is\nshown to return an excellent agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Fokker-Planck equation, and stationary densities: The most general local Markovian stochastic model is investigated, for which\nit is known that the evolution equation is the Fokker-Planck equation. Special\ncases are investigated where uncorrelated initial states remain uncorrelated.\nFinally, stochastic one-dimensional fields with local interactions are studied\nthat have kink-solutions.",
        "positive": "Enhanced rare region effects in the contact process with long-range\n  correlated disorder: We investigate the nonequilibrium phase transition in the disordered contact\nprocess in the presence of long-range spatial disorder correlations. These\ncorrelations greatly increase the probability for finding rare regions that are\nlocally in the active phase while the bulk system is still in the inactive\nphase. Specifically, if the correlations decay as a power of the distance, the\nrare region probability is a stretched exponential of the rare region size\nrather than a simple exponential as is the case for uncorrelated disorder. As a\nresult, the Griffiths singularities are enhanced and take a non-power-law form.\nThe critical point itself is of infinite-randomness type but with critical\nexponent values that differ from the uncorrelated case. We report large-scale\nMonte-Carlo simulations that verify and illustrate our theory. We also discuss\ngeneralizations to higher dimensions and applications to other systems such as\nthe random transverse-field Ising model, itinerant magnets and the\nsuperconductor-metal transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Restoration of Isotropy in the Ising Model on the Sierpinski Gasket: We study the ferromagnetic Ising model on the Sierpinski gasket (SG), where\nthe spin-spin interactions depends on the direction. Using the renormalization\ngroup method, we show that the ratios of the correlation lengths restore the\nisotropy of the lattice as the temperature approaches zero. This restoration is\neither partial or perfect, depending on the interactions. In case of partial\nrestoration, we also evaluate the leading-order singular behavior of the\ncorrelation lengths.",
        "positive": "Continuous limits of Heterogeneous Continuous Time Random Walk model: Continuous time random Walk model has been versatile analytical formalism for\nstudying and modeling diffusion processes in heterogeneous structures, such as\ndisordered or porous media.\n  We are studying the continuous limits of Heterogeneous Continuous Time Random\nWalk model, when a random walk is making jumps on a graph within different\ntime-length.\n  We apply the concept of a generalized master equation to study heterogeneous\ncontinuous-time random walks on networks.\n  Depending on the interpretations of the waiting time distributions the\ngeneralized master equation gives different forms of continuous equations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hysteresis behaviours of the crystal field diluted general spin-S Ising\n  model: Hysteresis characteristics of the crystal field diluted general Spin-S\n($S>1$) Blume-Capel model have been studied within the effective field\napproximation. Particular emphasis has been paid on the large negative valued\ncrystal field and low temperature region and it has been demonstrated for this\nregion that, rising dilution of the crystal field results in decreasing number\nof windowed hysteresis loops. The evolution of the multiple hysteresis loop\nwith the dilution of the crystal field has been investigated and physical\nmechanism behind this evolution has been given.",
        "positive": "Jarzynski Equality, Crooks Fluctuation Theorem and the Fluctuation\n  Theorems of Heat for Arbitrary Initial States: By taking full advantage of the dynamic property imposed by the detailed\nbalance condition, we derive a new refined unified fluctuation theorem (FT) for\ngeneral stochastic thermodynamic systems. This FT involves the joint\nprobability distribution functions of the final phase space point and a\nthermodynamic variable. Jarzynski equality, Crooks fluctuation theorem, and the\nFTs of heat as well as the trajectory entropy production can be regarded as\nspecial cases of this refined unified FT, and all of them are generalized to\narbitrary initial distributions. We also find that the refined unified FT can\neasily reproduce the FTs for processes with the feedback control, due to its\nunconventional structure that separates the thermodynamic variable from the\nchoices of initial distributions. Our result is heuristic for further\nunderstanding of the relations and distinctions between all kinds of FTs, and\nmight be valuable for studying thermodynamic processes with information\nexchange."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Disorder enhanced quantum many-body scars in Hilbert crystals: We consider a model arising in facilitated Rydberg chains with positional\ndisorder which features a Hilbert space with the topology of a $d$-dimensional\nhypercube. This allows for a straightforward interpretation of the many-body\ndynamics in terms of a single particle one on the Hilbert space and provides an\nexplicit link between the many-body and single particle scars. Exploiting this\nperspective, we show that an integrability-breaking disorder enhances the scars\nfollowed by inhibition of the dynamics due to strong localization of the\neigenstates in the large disorder limit. Next, mapping the model to the\nspin-1/2 XX Heisenberg chain offers a simple geometrical perspective on the\nrecently proposed Onsager scars [PRL ${\\bf 124}$, 180604 (2020)], which can be\nidentified with the scars on the edge of the Hilbert space. This makes apparent\nthe origin of their insensitivity to certain types of disorder perturbations.",
        "positive": "Quadratic short-range order corrections to the mean-field free energy: A method for calculating the short-range order part of the free energy of\norder-disorder systems is proposed. The method is based on the apllication of\nthe cumulant expansion to the exact configurational entropy. Second-order\ncorrelation corrections to the mean-field approximation for the free energy are\ncalculated for arbitrary thermodynamic phase and type of interactions. The\nresulting quadratic approximation for the correlation entropy leads to\nsubstantially better values of transition temperatures for the\nnearest-neighbour cubic Ising ferromagnets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of turbulent environment on self-organized critical behavior:\n  Isotropy vs Anisotropy: We study a self-organized critical system under influence of turbulent motion\nof the environment. The system is described by the anisotropic continuous\nstochastic equation proposed by Hwa and Kardar [{\\it Phys. Rev. Lett.} {\\bf\n62}: 1813 (1989)]. The motion of the environment is modelled by the isotropic\nKazantsev--Kraichnan \"rapid-change\" ensemble for an incompressible fluid: it is\nGaussian with vanishing correlation time and the pair correlation function of\nthe form $\\propto\\delta(t-t') / k^{d+\\xi}$, where $k$ is the wave number and\n$\\xi$ is an arbitrary exponent with the most realistic values $\\xi = 4/3$\n(Kolmogorov turbulence) and $\\xi \\to 2$ (Batchelor's limit). Using the\nfield-theoretic renormalization group, we find infrared attractive fixed points\nof the renormalization group equation associated with universality classes,\ni.e., with regimes of critical behavior. The most realistic values of the\nspatial dimension $d=2$ and the exponent $\\xi=4/3$ correspond to the\nuniversality class of pure turbulent advection where the nonlinearity of the\nHwa--Kardar (HK) equation is irrelevant. Nevertheless, the universality class\nwhere both the (anisotropic) nonlinearity of the HK equation and the\n(isotropic) advecting velocity field are relevant also exists for some values\nof the parameters $\\varepsilon=4-d$ and $\\xi$. Depending on what terms\n(anisotropic, isotropic, or both) are relevant in specific universality class,\ndifferent types of scaling behavior (ordinary one or generalized) are\nestablished.",
        "positive": "Analysis of finite-size effect of infinite-range Ising model under\n  Glauber dynamics: We consider an infinite-range Ising model under the Glauber dynamics and\ndetermine the finite-size effect on the distribution of two spin variables as a\nperturbation of $O \\left( 1/N \\right)$. Based on several considerations,\nordinary differential equations are derived for describing the time development\nof both a two-body correlation and the autocorrelation function of\nmagnetization. The results of the calculation fit the simulation results,\nunless the perturbation theory breaks down because of critical phenomena or\nmagnetization reversal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coherent Moving States in Highway Traffic (Originally: Moving Like a\n  Solid Block): Recent advances in multiagent simulations have made possible the study of\nrealistic traffic patterns and allow to test theories based on driver\nbehaviour. Such simulations also display various empirical features of traffic\nflows, and are used to design traffic controls that maximise the throughput of\nvehicles in heavily transited highways. In addition to its intrinsic economic\nvalue, vehicular traffic is of interest because it may throw light on some\nsocial phenomena where diverse individuals competitively try to maximise their\nown utilities under certain constraints.\n  In this paper, we present simulation results that point to the existence of\ncooperative, coherent states arising from competitive interactions that lead to\na new phenomenon in heterogeneous highway traffic. As the density of vehicles\nincreases, their interactions cause a transition into a highly correlated state\nin which all vehicles practically move with the same speed, analogous to the\nmotion of a solid block. This state is associated with a reduced lane changing\nrate and a safe, high and stable flow. It disappears as the vehicle density\nexceeds a critical value. The effect is observed in recent evaluations of Dutch\ntraffic data.",
        "positive": "Random incidence matrices: moments of the spectral density: We study numerically and analytically the spectrum of incidence matrices of\nrandom labeled graphs on N vertices : any pair of vertices is connected by an\nedge with probability p. We give two algorithms to compute the moments of the\neigenvalue distribution as explicit polynomials in N and p. For large N and\nfixed p the spectrum contains a large eigenvalue at Np and a semi-circle of\n\"small\" eigenvalues. For large N and fixed average connectivity pN (dilute or\nsparse random matrices limit), we show that the spectrum always contains a\ndiscrete component. An anomaly in the spectrum near eigenvalue 0 for\nconnectivity close to e=2.72... is observed. We develop recursion relations to\ncompute the moments as explicit polynomials in pN. Their growth is slow enough\nso that they determine the spectrum. The extension of our methods to the\nLaplacian matrix is given in Appendix.\n  Keywords: random graphs, random matrices, sparse matrices, incidence matrices\nspectrum, moments"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long range order in non-equilibrium interacting quantum spin chains: We conjecture that non-equilibrium boundary conditions generically trigger\nlong range order in non-equilibrium steady states of locally interacting\nquantum chains. Our result is based on large scale density matrix\nrenormalization group simulations of several models of quantum spin 1/2 chains\nwhich are driven far from equilibrium by coupling to a pair of unequal Lindblad\nreservoirs attached locally to the ends of the chain. In particular, we find a\nphase transition from exponentially decaying to long range spin-spin\ncorrelations in integrable Heisenberg XXZ chain by changing the anisotropy\nparameter. Long range order also typically emerges after breaking the\nintegrability of the model.",
        "positive": "Dynamical large deviations of reflected diffusions: We study the large deviations of time-integrated observables of Markov\ndiffusions that have perfectly reflecting boundaries. We discuss how the\nstandard spectral approach to dynamical large deviations must be modified to\naccount for such boundaries by imposing zero-current conditions, leading to\nNeumann or Robin boundary conditions, and how these conditions affect the\ndriven process, which describes how large deviations arise in the long-time\nlimit. The results are illustrated with the drifted Brownian motion and the\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck process reflected at the origin. Other types of boundaries\nand applications are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "qNoise: A generator of non-Gaussian colored noise: We introduce a software generator for a class of colored (self-correlated)\nand non-Gaussian noise, whose statistics and spectrum depend on two parameters,\n$q$ and $\\tau$. Inspired by Tsallis' nonextensive formulation of statistical\nphysics, the so-called $q$-distribution is a handy source of self-correlated\nnoise for a large range of applications. The $q$-noise -- which tends smoothly\nfor $q=1$ to Ornstein--Uhlenbeck noise with autocorrelation $\\tau$ -- is\ngenerated via a stochastic differential equation, using the Heun method (a\nsecond order Runge--Kutta type integration scheme). The algorithm is\nimplemented as a stand-alone library in C++, and is made available as open\nsource in the Github repository. Noise' statistics can be specified handily; by\nonly varying parameter $q$: it has compact support for $q<1$ (sub-Gaussian\nregime) and finite variance up to $q=5/3$ (supra-Gaussian regime). Once $q$ is\nfixed, noise' autocorrelation can be tuned independently by means of parameter\n$\\tau$. The presented qNoise generator provides a readily tool to modeling wide\nrange of real-world noise types, and is suitable to study the effects of\ncorrelation and deviations from the normal distribution in systems of\nstochastic differential equations, key to understand system dynamics in\nnumerous applications. The effect of noises' statistics on the response of a\nrange of nonlinear systems is briefly discussed. In many of these examples, the\nsystems' response turns optimal for some $q\\neq1$. Hence, this paper aims to\nintroduce qNoise generator for C++ at the class level and evaluate the kind of\nnoise it generates, alongside their use in a range of applications.",
        "positive": "Non-analytic microscopic phase transitions and temperature oscillations\n  in the microcanonical ensemble: An exactly solvable 1d-model for evaporation: We calculate exactly both the microcanonical and canonical thermodynamic\nfunctions (TDFs) for a one-dimensional model system with piecewise constant\nLennard-Jones type pair interactions. In the case of an isolated $N$-particle\nsystem, the microcanonical TDFs exhibit (N-1) singular (non-analytic)\nmicroscopic phase transitions of the formal order N/2, separating N\nenergetically different evaporation (dissociation) states. In a suitably\ndesigned evaporation experiment, these types of phase transitions should\nmanifest themselves in the form of pressure and temperature oscillations,\nindicating cooling by evaporation. In the presence of a heat bath (thermostat),\nsuch oscillations are absent, but the canonical heat capacity shows a\ncharacteristic peak, indicating the temperature-induced dissociation of the\none-dimensional chain. The distribution of complex zeros (DOZ) of the canonical\npartition may be used to identify different degrees of dissociation in the\ncanonical ensemble."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random sparse generators of Markovian evolution and their spectral\n  properties: The evolution of a complex multi-state system is often interpreted as a\ncontinuous-time Markovian process. To model the relaxation dynamics of such\nsystems, we introduce an ensemble of random sparse matrices which can be used\nas generators of Markovian evolution. The sparsity is controlled by a parameter\n$\\varphi$, which is the number of non-zero elements per row and column in the\ngenerator matrix. Thus, a member of the ensemble is characterized by the\nLaplacian of a directed regular graph with $D$ vertices (number of system\nstates) and $2 \\varphi D$ edges with randomly distributed weights. We study the\neffects of sparsity on the spectrum of the generator. Sparsity is shown to\nclose the large spectral gap that is characteristic of non-sparse random\ngenerators. We show that the first moment of the eigenvalue distribution scales\nas $\\sim \\varphi$, while its variance is $\\sim \\sqrt{\\varphi}$. By using\nextreme value theory, we demonstrate how the shape of the spectral edges is\ndetermined by the tails of the corresponding weight distributions, and clarify\nthe behavior of the spectral gap as a function of $D$. Finally, we analyze\ncomplex spacing ratio statistics of ultra-sparse generators, $\\varphi =\n\\mathrm{const}$, and find that starting already at $\\varphi \\geqslant 2$,\nspectra of the generators exhibit universal properties typical of Ginibre's\nOrthogonal Ensemble.",
        "positive": "Entropy associated with conformation and density fluctuations in\n  biomolecular solutions: Microscopic formula to describe the entropy of biomolecular solutions are\nderived based on the Gibbs formula of entropy, and the generalized Langevin\ntheory combined with the RISM/3D-RISM theory. Two formula are derived: one is\nconcerned with the conformational fluctuation of a biomolecule, and the other\nwith the density fluctuation of solvent around a solute. The formula derived\nfor the entropy associated with the conformational fluctuation is where N is\nthe number of atoms in the solute, and A is the determinant of the inverse of\nthe variance-covariance matrix of conformational fluctuation. The formula for\nthe entropy of solvent at a pair of positions around a solute is also derived\nto be, where n is the number of atoms in a solvent molecule, and B is\nessentially the determinant of the matrix of the density-pair-correlation\nfunctions. The entropy at a local position r may be obtained by integrating the\nexpression by over the entire volume of the system.\n  The feasibility of the calculation to find the entropies is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stick-slip statistics for two fractal surfaces: A model for earthquakes: Following the observations of the self-similarity in various length scales in\nthe roughness of the fractured solid surfaces, we propose here a new model for\nthe earthquake. We demonstrate rigorously that the contact area distribution\nbetween two fractal surfaces follows an unique power law. This is then utilised\nto show that the elastic energy releases for slips between two rough fractal\nsurfaces indeed follow a Guttenberg-Richter like power law.",
        "positive": "Dynamical systems on hypergraphs: We present a general framework that enables one to model high-order\ninteraction among entangled dynamical systems, via hypergraphs. Several\nrelevant processes can be ideally traced back to the proposed scheme. We shall\nhere solely elaborate on the conditions that seed the spontaneous emergence of\npatterns, spatially heterogeneous solutions resulting from the many-body\ninteraction between fundamental units. In particular we will focus, on two\nrelevant settings. First, we will assume long-ranged mean field interactions\nbetween populations, and then turn to considering diffusive-like couplings. Two\napplications are presented, respectively to a generalised Volterra system and\nthe Brusselator model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process on a Cayley Tree: We study the asymmetric exclusion process on a regular Cayley tree with\narbitrary co-ordination number. In this model particles can enter the system\nonly at the parent site and exit from one of the sites at the last level. In\nthe bulk they move from the occupied sites to one of their unoccupied downward\nneighbours, chosen randomly. We show that the steady state current that flow\nfrom one level to the next is independent of the exit rate, and increase\nmonotonically with the entry rate and the co-ordination number. Unlike TASEP,\nthe model has only one phase and the density profile show no boundary layers.\nWe argue that in blood, air or water circulations systems branching is\nessential to maintain a free flow within the system which is independent of\nexit rates.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo Study of a U(1)xU(1) system with \u03c0-statistical Interaction: We study a $U(1)\\times U(1)$ system with two species of loops with mutual\n$\\pi$-statistics in (2+1) dimensions. We are able to reformulate the model in a\nway that can be studied by Monte Carlo and we determine the phase diagram. In\naddition to a phase with no loops, we find two phases with only one species of\nloop proliferated. The model has a self-dual line, a segment of which separates\nthese two phases. Everywhere on the segment, we find the transition to be\nfirst-order, signifying that the two loop systems behave as immiscible fluids\nwhen they are both trying to condense. Moving further along the self-dual line,\nwe find a phase where both loops proliferate, but they are only of even\nstrength, and therefore avoid the statistical interactions. We study another\nmodel which does not have this phase, and also find first-order behavior on the\nself-dual segment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Yielding is an absorbing phase transition with vanishing critical\n  fluctuations: The yielding transition in athermal complex fluids can be interpreted as an\nabsorbing phase transition between an elastic, absorbing state with high\nmesoscopic degeneracy and a flowing, active state. We characterize\nquantitatively this phase transition in an elastoplastic model under fixed\napplied shear stress, using a finite-size scaling analysis. We find vanishing\ncritical fluctuations of the order parameter (i.e., the shear rate), and relate\nthis property to the convex character of the phase transition ($\\beta >1$). We\nshow explicitly that the CDP class is recovered when both properties are\nrelaxed. We locate yielding within a family of models akin to fixed-energy\nsandpile (FES) models, only with long-range redistribution kernels with\nzero-modes that result from mechanical equilibrium. For redistribution kernels\nwith sufficiently fast decay, this family of models belong to a short-range\nuniversality class distinct from the Conserved Directed Percolation class of\nusual FES, which is induced by zero modes.",
        "positive": "Time evolution of the Luttinger model with nonuniform temperature\n  profile: We study the time evolution of a one-dimensional interacting fermion system\ndescribed by the Luttinger model starting from a nonequilibrium state defined\nby a smooth temperature profile $T(x)$. As a specific example we consider the\ncase when $T(x)$ is equal to $T_L$ ($T_R$) far to the left (right). Using a\nseries expansion in $\\epsilon = 2(T_{R} - T_{L})/(T_{L}+T_{R})$, we compute the\nenergy density, the heat current density, and the fermion two-point correlation\nfunction for all times $t \\geq 0$. For local (delta-function) interactions, the\nfirst two are computed to all orders, giving simple exact expressions involving\nthe Schwarzian derivative of the integral of $T(x)$. For nonlocal interactions,\nbreaking scale invariance, we compute the nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) to\nall orders and the evolution to first order in $\\epsilon$. The heat current in\nthe NESS is universal even when conformal invariance is broken by the\ninteractions, and its dependence on $T_{L,R}$ agrees with numerical results for\nthe $XXZ$ spin chain. Moreover, our analytical formulas predict peaks at short\ntimes in the transition region between different temperatures and show\ndispersion effects that, even if nonuniversal, are qualitatively similar to\nones observed in numerical simulations for related models, such as spin chains\nand interacting lattice fermions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Physics of Fracture, Friction and Earthquake: We review the present status of our research and understanding regarding the\ndynamics and the statistical properties of earthquakes, mainly from a\nstatistical physical viewpoint. Emphasis is put both on the physics of friction\nand fracture, which provides a \"microscopic\" basis of our understanding of an\nearthquake instability, and on the statistical physical modelling of\nearthquakes, which provides \"macroscopic\" aspects of such phenomena. Recent\nnumerical results on several representative models are reviewed, with attention\nto both their \"critical\" and \"characteristic\" properties. We highlight some of\nrelevant notions and related issues, including the origin of power-laws often\nobserved in statistical properties of earthquakes, apparently contrasting\nfeatures of characteristic earthquakes or asperities, the nature of precursory\nphenomena and nucleation processes, the origin of slow earthquakes, etc.",
        "positive": "Numerical test of finite-size scaling predictions for the droplet\n  condensation-evaporation transition: We numerically study the finite-size droplet condensation-evaporation\ntransition in two dimensions. We consider and compare two orthogonal\napproaches, namely at fixed temperature and at fixed density, making use of\nparallel multicanonical simulations. The equivalence between Ising model and\nlattice gas allows us to compare to analytical predictions. We recover the\nknown background density (at fixed temperature) and transition temperature (at\nfixed density) in the thermodynamic limit and compare our finite-size\ndeviations to the predicted leading-order finite-size corrections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Polymerization induces non-Gaussian diffusion: Recent theoretical modeling offers a unified picture for the description of\nstochastic processes characterized by a crossover from anomalous to normal\nbehavior. This is particularly welcome, as a growing number of experiments\nsuggest the crossover to be a common feature shared by many systems: in some\ncases the anomalous part of the dynamics amounts to a Brownian yet non-Gaussian\ndiffusion; more generally, both the diffusion exponent and the distribution may\ndeviate from normal behavior in the initial part of the process. Since proposed\ntheories work at a mesoscopic scale invoking the subordination of\ndiffusivities, it is of primary importance to bridge these representations with\na more fundamental, ``microscopic'' description. We argue that the dynamical\nbehavior of macromolecules during simple polymerization processes provide\nsuitable setups in which analytic, numerical, and particle-tracking experiments\ncan be contrasted at such a scope. Specifically, we demonstrate that Brownian\nyet non-Gaussian diffusion of the center of mass of a polymer is a direct\nconsequence of the polymerization process. Through the kurtosis, we\ncharacterize the early-stage non-Gaussian behavior within a phase diagram, and\nwe also put forward an estimation for the crossover time to ordinary Brownian\nmotion.",
        "positive": "Conventional and rotating magnetoelectric effect of a half-filled\n  spin-electron model on a doubly decorated square lattice: A conventional and rotating magnetoelectric effect of a half-filled\nspin-electron model on a doubly decorated square lattice is investigated by\nexact calculations. An importance of the electron hopping and spatial\norientation of the electric field upon a magnetoelectric effect is examined in\ndetail. A critical temperature may display one or two consecutive round maxima\nas a function of the electric field. Although the rotating magnetoelectric\neffect (RME) does not affect the ground-state ordering, the pronounced RME is\nfound close to a critical temperature of continuous phase transition. It is\nshown that RME is amplified upon strengthening of the electric field, which\nadditionally supports thermal fluctuations in destroying a spontaneous\nantiferromagnetic long-range order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of turbulent mixing on critical behaviour: Renormalization group\n  analysis of the Potts model: Critical behaviour of a system, subjected to strongly anisotropic turbulent\nmixing, is studied by means of the field theoretic renormalization group.\nSpecifically, relaxational stochastic dynamics of a non-conserved\nmulticomponent order parameter of the Ashkin-Teller-Potts model, coupled to a\nrandom velocity field with prescribed statistics, is considered. The velocity\nis taken Gaussian, white in time, with correlation function of the form\n$\\propto \\delta(t-t') /|{\\bf k}_{\\bot}|^{d-1+\\xi}$, where ${\\bf k}_{\\bot}$ is\nthe component of the wave vector, perpendicular to the distinguished direction\n(\"direction of the flow\") --- the $d$-dimensional generalization of the\nensemble introduced by Avellaneda and Majda [1990 {\\it Commun. Math. Phys.}\n{\\bf 131} 381] within the context of passive scalar advection. This model can\ndescribe a rich class of physical situations. It is shown that, depending on\nthe values of parameters that define self-interaction of the order parameter\nand the relation between the exponent $\\xi$ and the space dimension $d$, the\nsystem exhibits various types of large-scale scaling behaviour, associated with\ndifferent infrared attractive fixed points of the renormalization-group\nequations. In addition to known asymptotic regimes (critical dynamics of the\nPotts model and passively advected field without self-interaction), existence\nof a new, non-equilibrium and strongly anisotropic, type of critical behaviour\n(universality class) is established, and the corresponding critical dimensions\nare calculated to the leading order of the double expansion in $\\xi$ and\n$\\epsilon=6-d$ (one-loop approximation). The scaling appears strongly\nanisotropic in the sense that the critical dimensions related to the directions\nparallel and perpendicular to the flow are essentially different.",
        "positive": "Killing versus branching: Unexplored facets of diffusive relaxation: We analyze the relaxation dynamics of Feynman-Kac path integral kernel\nfunctions in terms of branching diffusion processes with killing. This sheds\nnew light on the admissible path-wise description of the relaxation to\nequilibrium for conditioned Brownian motions, and diffusion processes with\nabsorbing boundaries, where Feynman-Kac kernels appear as the building blocks\nof inferred transition probability density functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An Analytical Study of Coupled Two-State Stochastic Resonators: The two-state model of stochastic resonance is extended to a chain of coupled\ntwo-state elements governed by the dynamics of Glauber's stochastic Ising\nmodel. Appropriate assumptions on the model parameters turn the chain into a\nprototype system of coupled stochastic resonators. In a weak-signal limit\nanalytical expressions are derived for the spectral power amplification and the\nsignal-to-noise ratio of a two-state element embedded into the chain. The\neffect of the coupling between the elements on both quantities is analysed and\narray-enhanced stochastic resonance is established for pure as well as noisy\nperiodic signals. The coupling-induced improvement of the SNR compared to an\nuncoupled element is shown to be limited by a factor four which is only reached\nfor vanishing input noise.",
        "positive": "Spectral densities and diagrams of states of one-dimensional ionic Pauli\n  conductor: We focus on the features of spectra and diagrams of states obtained via exact\ndiagonalization technique for finite ionic conductor chain in periodic boundary\nconditions. One dimensional ionic conductor is described with the lattice model\nwhere ions are treated within the framework of \"mixed\" Pauli statistics. The\nion transfer and nearest-neighbour interaction between ions are taken into\naccount. The spectral densities and diagrams of states for various temperatures\nand values of interaction are obtained. The conditions of transition from\nuniform (Mott insulator) to the modulated (charge density wave state) through\nthe superfluid-like state (similar to the state with the Bose-Einstein\ncondensation observed in hard-core boson models) are analyzed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase-field approach to heterogeneous nucleation: We consider the problem of heterogeneous nucleation and growth. The system is\ndescribed by a phase field model in which the temperature is included through\nthermal noise. We show that this phase field approach is suitable to describe\nhomogeneous as well as heterogeneous nucleation starting from several general\nhypotheses. Thus we can investigate the influence of grain boundaries,\nlocalized impurities, or any general kind of imperfections in a systematic way.\nWe also put forward the applicability of our model to study other physical\nsituations such as island formation, amorphous crystallization, or\nrecrystallization.",
        "positive": "Realistic spatial and temporal earthquake distributions in a modified\n  Olami-Feder-Christiensen model: We propose and study a modified version of the Olami-Feder-Christiensen model\nof seismicity, that includes a mechanism of structural relaxation. We obtain\nrealistic features of seismicity that are not obtained with the original\nversion, mainly: aftershocks that obey the Omori law and cluster spatially\naround the slip surface of the main shock, and averaged frictional properties\nqualitatively similar to those observed in rock friction, in particular the\nvelocity weakening effect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distance traveled by random walkers before absorption in a random medium: We consider the penetration length $l$ of random walkers diffusing in a\nmedium of perfect or imperfect absorbers of number density $\\rho$. We solve\nthis problem on a lattice and in the continuum in all dimensions $D$, by means\nof a mean-field renormalization group. For a homogeneous system in $D>2$, we\nfind that $l\\sim \\max(\\xi,\\rho^{-1/2})$, where $\\xi$ is the absorber density\ncorrelation length. The cases of D=1 and D=2 are also treated. In the presence\nof long-range correlations, we estimate the temporal decay of the density of\nrandom walkers not yet absorbed. These results are illustrated by exactly\nsolvable toy models, and extensive numerical simulations on directed\npercolation, where the absorbers are the active sites. Finally, we discuss the\nimplications of our results for diffusion limited aggregation (DLA), and we\npropose a more effective method to measure $l$ in DLA clusters.",
        "positive": "Noise-Induced Order in Extended Systems: A Tutorial: External fluctuations have a wide variety of constructive effects on the\ndynamical behavior of spatially extended systems, as described by stochastic\npartial differential equations. A set of paradigmatic situations exhibiting\nsuch effects are briefly reviewed in this paper, in an attempt to provide a\nconcise but thorough introduction to this active field of research, and at the\nsame time an overview of its current status. This work is dedicated to Lutz\nSchimansky-Geier on the occassion of his 50th anniversary. Through the years,\nProf. Schimansky-Geier has made important contributions to the field of\nspatiotemporal stochastic dynamics, including seminal investigations in the\nearly 1990's on noise effects in front propagation, and studies of\nnoise-induced phase transitions and noise-sustained structures in excitable\nmedia, among others."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy-driven phase transition in a system of long rods on a square\n  lattice: The isotropic-nematic (I-N) phase transition in a system of long straight\nrigid rods of length k on square lattices is studied by combining Monte Carlo\nsimulations and theoretical analysis. The process is analyzed by comparing the\nconfigurational entropy of the system with the corresponding to a fully aligned\nsystem, whose calculation reduces to the 1D case. The results obtained (1)\nallow to estimate the minimum value of k which leads to the formation of a\nnematic phase and provide an interesting interpretation of this critical value;\n(2) provide numerical evidence on the existence of a second phase transition\n(from a nematic to a non-nematic state) occurring at density close to 1 and (3)\nallow to test the predictions of the main theoretical models developed to treat\nthe polymers adsorption problem.",
        "positive": "Pattern formation in Hamiltonian systems with continuous spectra; a\n  normal-form single-wave model: Pattern formation in biological, chemical and physical problems has received\nconsiderable attention, with much attention paid to dissipative systems. For\nexample, the Ginzburg--Landau equation is a normal form that describes pattern\nformation due to the appearance of a single mode of instability in a wide\nvariety of dissipative problems. In a similar vein, a certain \"single-wave\nmodel\" arises in many physical contexts that share common pattern forming\nbehavior. These systems have Hamiltonian structure, and the single-wave model\nis a kind of Hamiltonian mean-field theory describing the patterns that form in\nphase space. The single-wave model was originally derived in the context of\nnonlinear plasma theory, where it describes the behavior near threshold and\nsubsequent nonlinear evolution of unstable plasma waves. However, the\nsingle-wave model also arises in fluid mechanics, specifically shear-flow and\nvortex dynamics, galactic dynamics, the XY and Potts models of condensed matter\nphysics, and other Hamiltonian theories characterized by mean field\ninteraction. We demonstrate, by a suitable asymptotic analysis, how the\nsingle-wave model emerges from a large class of nonlinear advection-transport\ntheories. An essential ingredient for the reduction is that the Hamiltonian\nsystem has a continuous spectrum in the linear stability problem, arising not\nfrom an infinite spatial domain but from singular resonances along curves in\nphase space whereat wavespeeds match material speeds (wave-particle resonances\nin the plasma problem, or critical levels in fluid problems). The dynamics of\nthe continuous spectrum is manifest as the phenomenon of Landau damping when\nthe system is ... Such dynamical phenomena have been rediscovered in different\ncontexts, which is unsurprising in view of the normal-form character of the\nsingle-wave model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On The Problem of Constraints In Nonextensive Formalism: A Quantum\n  Mechanical Treatment: Relative entropy (divergence) of Bregman type recently proposed by T. D.\nFrank and Jan Naudts is considered and its quantum counterpart is used to\ncalculate purity of the Werner state in nonextensive formalism. It has been\nobserved that two different expressions arise due to two different forms of\nquantum divergences. It is then argued that the difference is due to the fact\nthat the relative entropy of Bregman type is related to the first choice\nthermostatistics whereas the one of Csisz\\`{a}r type is related to the third\nchoice thermostatistics. The superiority of the third choice thermostatistics\nto the first choice thermostatistics has been deduced by noticing that the\nexpression obtained by using the Bregman type leads to negative values for\nq$\\in (0,1)$ and fidelity F smaller than 1 whereas the one obtained by using\nCsisz\\`{a}r type is free from such anomalies. Moreover, it has been noted that\nthese two measures show different qualitative behavior with respect to F.\nContrary to the classical case, the violation of the positive definiteness of\nthe relative entropy immediately results in a choice between the two\nconstraints without any need of more abstract Shore-Johnson axioms. The\npossibility of writing a relative entropy of Bregman type compatible with the\nthird choice has been investigated further. The answer turns out to be negative\nas far as the usual transformation from ordinary probabilities to the escort\nprobabilities are considered.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Transition in the Open-boundary Totally Asymmetric Exclusion\n  Process: We revisit the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with open\nboundaries (TASEP), focussing on the recent discovery by de Gier and Essler\nthat the model has a dynamical transition along a nontrivial line in the phase\ndiagram. This line coincides neither with any change in the steady-state\nproperties of the TASEP, nor the corresponding line predicted by domain wall\ntheory. We provide numerical evidence that the TASEP indeed has a dynamical\ntransition along the de Gier-Essler line, finding that the most convincing\nevidence was obtained from Density Matrix Renormalisation Group (DMRG)\ncalculations. By contrast, we find that the dynamical transition is rather hard\nto see in direct Monte Carlo simulations of the TASEP. We furthermore discuss\nin general terms scenarios that admit a distinction between static and dynamic\nphase behaviour."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The effects of external noise on threshold induced correlations in\n  ferromagnetic systems: In the present paper we investigate the impact of the external noise and\ndetection threshold level on the simulation data for the systems that evolve\nthrough metastable states. As a representative model of such systems we chose\nthe nonequilibrium athermal random field Ising model with two types of the\nexternal noise, uniform white noise and Gaussian white noise with various\ndifferent standard deviations, imposed on the original response signal obtained\nin model simulations. We applied a wide range of detection threshold levels in\nanalysis of the signal and show how these quantities affect the values of\nexponent $\\gamma_{S/T}$ (describing the scaling of the average avalanche size\nwith duration), the shift of waiting time between the avalanches, and finally\nthe collapses of the waiting time distributions. The results are obtained via\nextensive numerical simulations on the equilateral three-dimensional cubic\nlattices of various sizes and disorders.",
        "positive": "Aging processes in reversible reaction-diffusion systems: Monte Carlo\n  simulations: Reaction-diffusion systems with reversible reactions generically display\npower-law relaxation towards chemical equilibrium. In this work we investigate\nthrough numerical simulations aging processes that characterize the\nnon-equilibrium relaxation. Studying a model which excludes multiple occupancy\nof a site, we find that the scaling behavior of the two-time correlation and\nresponse functions are similar to that discovered previously in an exactly\nsolvable version with no restrictions on the occupation numbers. Especially, we\nfind that the scaling of the response depends on whether the perturbation\nconserves a certain quantity or not. Our results point to a high degree of\nuniversality in relaxation processes taking place in diffusion-limited systems\nwith reversible reactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Symmetry resolved entanglement entropy of excited states in a CFT: We report a throughout analysis of the entanglement entropies related to\ndifferent symmetry sectors in the low-lying primary excited states of a\nconformal field theory (CFT) with an internal U(1) symmetry. Our findings\nextend recent results for the ground state. We derive a general expression for\nthe charged moments, i.e. the generalised cumulant generating function, which\ncan be written in terms of correlation functions of the operator that define\nthe state through the CFT operator-state correspondence. We provide explicit\nanalytic computations for the compact boson CFT (aka Luttinger liquid) for the\nvertex and derivative excitations. The Fourier transform of the charged moments\ngives the desired symmetry resolved entropies. At the leading order, they\nsatisfy entanglement equipartition, as in the ground state, but we find, within\nCFT, subleading terms that break it. Our analytical findings are checked\nagainst free fermions calculations on a lattice, finding excellent agreement.\nAs a byproduct, we have exact results for the full counting statistics of the\nU(1) charge in the considered excited states.",
        "positive": "Feynman-Kac theory of time-integrated functionals: It\u00f4 versus\n  functional calculus: The fluctuations of dynamical functionals such as the empirical density and\ncurrent as well as heat, work and generalized currents in stochastic\nthermodynamics are usually studied within the Feynman-Kac tilting formalism,\nwhich in the Physics literature is typically derived by some form of\nKramers-Moyal expansion, or in the Mathematical literature via the\nCameron-Martin-Girsanov approach. Here we derive the Feynman-Kac theory for\ngeneral additive dynamical functionals directly via It\\^o calculus and via\nfunctional calculus, where the latter result in fact appears to be new. Using\nDyson series we then independently recapitulate recent results on steady-state\n(co)variances of general additive dynamical functionals derived recently in\nDieball and Godec ({2022 \\textit{Phys. Rev. Lett.}~\\textbf{129} 140601}) and\nDieball and Godec ({2022 \\textit{Phys. Rev. Res.}~\\textbf{4} 033243}). We hope\nfor our work to put the different approaches to the statistics of dynamical\nfunctionals employed in the field on a common footing, and to illustrate more\neasily accessible ways to the tilting formalism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The spectrum and the phase transition of models solvable through the\n  full interval method: The most general exclusion single species reaction-diffusion models with\nnearest-neighbor interactions one a one dimensional lattice are investigated,\nfor which the evolution of full intervals are closed. Using a generating\nfunction method, the probability that n consecutive sites be full is\ninvestigated. The stationary values of these probabilities, as well as the\nspectrum of the time translation generator (Hamiltonian) of these are obtained.\nIt is shown that depending on the reaction rates the model could exhibit a\ndynamical phase transition.",
        "positive": "Obtaining Stiffness Exponents from Bond-diluted Lattice Spin Glasses: Recently, a method has been proposed to obtain accurate predictions for\nlow-temperature properties of lattice spin glasses that is practical even above\nthe upper critical dimension, $d_c=6$. This method is based on the observation\nthat bond-dilution enables the numerical treatment of larger lattices, and that\nthe subsequent combination of such data at various bond densities into a\nfinite-size scaling Ansatz produces more robust scaling behavior. In the\npresent study we test the potential of such a procedure, in particular, to\nobtain the stiffness exponent for the hierarchical Migdal-Kadanoff lattice.\nCritical exponents for this model are known with great accuracy and any\nsimulations can be executed to very large lattice sizes at almost any bond\ndensity, effecting a insightful comparison that highlights the advantages -- as\nwell as the weaknesses -- of this method. These insights are applied to the\nEdwards-Anderson model in $d=3$ with Gaussian bonds."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First Column Boundary Operator Product Expansion Coefficients: We calculate boundary operator product expansion coefficients for boundary\noperators in the first column of the Kac table in conformal field theories. For\nc=0 we give closed form expressions for all such coefficients. Then we\ngeneralize to the augmented minimal models, giving explicit expressions for\ncoefficients valid when \\phi_{1,2} mediates a change from fixed to free\nboundary conditions. These quantities are determined by computing an arbitrary\nfour-point correlation function of first column operators. Our calculation\nfirst determines the appropriate (non-logarithmic) conformal blocks by using\nstandard null-vector methods. The behavior of these blocks under crossing\nsymmetry then provides a general closed form expression for the desired\ncoefficients, as a product of ratios of gamma functions. This calculation was\ninspired by the need for several of these coefficients in certain correlation\nfunction formulas for critical two-dimensional percolation and the augmented\nq=2 and q=3 state critical Potts models.",
        "positive": "Zero-current Nonequilibrium State in Symmetric Exclusion Process with\n  Dichotomous Stochastic Resetting: We study the dynamics of symmetric exclusion process (SEP) in the presence of\nstochastic resetting to two possible specific configurations -- with rate $r_1$\n(respectively, $r_2$) the system is reset to a step-like configuration where\nall the particles are clustered in the left (respectively, right) half of the\nsystem. We show that this dichotomous resetting leads to a range of rich\nbehaviour, both dynamical and in the stationary state. We calculate the exact\nstationary profile in the presence of this dichotomous resetting and show that\nthe diffusive current grows linearly in time, but unlike the resetting to a\nsingle configuration, the current can have negative average value in this case.\nFor $r_1=r_2,$ the average current vanishes, and density profile becomes flat\nin the stationary state, similar to the equilibrium SEP. However, the system\nremains far from equilibrium and we characterize the nonequilibrium signatures\nof this `zero-current state'. We show that both the spatial and temporal\ndensity correlations in this zero-current state are radically different than in\nequilibrium SEP. We also study the behaviour of this zero-current state under\nan external perturbation and demonstrate that its response differs drastically\nfrom that of equilibrium SEP -- while a small driving field generates a current\nwhich grows as $\\sqrt{t}$ in the absence of resetting, the zero-current state\nin the presence of dichotomous resetting shows a current $\\sim t$ under the\nsame perturbation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "$ \\dfrac{1}{c^2} $ Correction to Thermodynamics: I work out the general expressions for the first relativistic correction of\norder $ \\dfrac{1}{c^2} $ to thermodynamics. The starting point is the\nrelativistic Hamiltonian that I derived in a previous paper, which I expanded\nto powers of $ \\dfrac{1}{c^2} $ to derive a local (in time) Hamiltonian.\nLimiting to the first relativistic correction, I worked out in general how the\nrelativistic corrections to thermodynamics arise. I then applied the formalism\nto the problem of N particles with harmonic oscillator interaction in 3D to see\nthe explicit expressions for relativistic corrections.",
        "positive": "Universal S-matrix correlations for complex scattering of many-body\n  wavepackets: theory, simulation and experiment: We present an in-depth study of the universal correlations of\nscattering-matrix entries required in the framework of non-stationary many-body\nscattering where the incoming states are localized wavepackets. Contrary to the\nstationary case the emergence of universal signatures of chaotic dynamics in\ndynamical observables manifests itself in the emergence of universal\ncorrelations of the scattering matrix at different energies. We use a\nsemiclassical theory based on interfering paths, numerical wave function based\nsimulations and numerical averaging over random-matrix ensembles to calculate\nsuch correlations and compare with experimental measurements in microwave\ngraphs, finding excellent agreement. Our calculations show that the\nuniversality of the correlators survives the extreme limit of few open channels\nrelevant for electron quantum optics, albeit at the price of dealing with\nlarge-cancellation effects requiring the computation of a large class of\nsemiclassical diagrams."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transition in an asymmetric generalization of the zero-temperature\n  Glauber model: An asymmetric generalization of the zero-temperature Glauber model on a\nlattice is introduced. The dynamics of the particle-density and specially the\nlarge-time behavior of the system is studied. It is shown that the system\nexhibits two kinds of phase transition, a static one and a dynamic one.",
        "positive": "Critical phenomena of the Majority voter model in a three dimensional\n  cubic lattice: In this work we investigate the critical behavior of the three dimensional\nsimple-cubic Majority voter model. Using numerical simulations and a\ncombination of two different cumulants we evaluated the critical point with a\nhigher accuracy than the previous numerical result found by Yang et al. [J.- S.\nYang, I.-M. Kim and W. Kwak, Phys. Rev. E 77, 051122 (2008)]. Using standard\nFinite Size Scaling theory and scaling corrections we find that the critical\nexponents {\\nu}, {\\gamma} and {\\beta} are the same as those of the three\ndimensional Ising model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Transitions in a Mean-Field Ising\n  Spin Glass on Lattice Gas: the Random Blume-Emery-Griffiths-Capel Model: The study of the mean-field static solution of the Random\nBlume-Emery-Griffiths-Capel model, an Ising-spin lattice gas with quenched\nrandom magnetic interaction, is performed. The model exhibits a paramagnetic\nphase, described by a stable Replica Symmetric solution. When the temperature\nis decreased or the density increases, the system undergoes a phase transition\nto a Full Replica Symmetry Breaking spin-glass phase. The nature of the\ntransition can be either of the second order (like in the\nSherrington-Kirkpatrick model) or, at temperature below a given critical value,\nof the first order in the Ehrenfest sense, with a discontinuous jump of the\norder parameter and accompanied by a latent heat. In this last case coexistence\nof phases takes place. The thermodynamics is worked out in the Full Replica\nSymmetry Breaking scheme, and the relative Parisi equations are solved using a\npseudo-spectral method down to zero temperature.",
        "positive": "Disordered Bose-Einstein condensate in hard walls trap: We discuss the effects of quenched disorder in a dilute Bose-Einstein\ncondensate confined in a hard walls trap. Starting from the disordered\nGross-Pitaevskii functional, we obtain a representation for the quenched free\nenergy as a series of integer moments of the partition function. Positive and\nnegative disorder-dependent effective coupling constants appear in the integer\nmoments. Going beyond the mean-field approximation, we compute the static\ntwo-point correlation functions at first-order in the positive effective\ncoupling constants. We obtain the combined contributions of effects due to\nboundary conditions and disorder in this weakly disordered condensate. The\nground state renormalized density profile of the condensate is presented. We\nalso discuss the appearance of metastable and true ground states for strong\ndisorder, when the effective coupling constants become negative."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to the comment on \"Route from discreteness to the continuum for\n  the Tsallis $q$-entropy\" by Congjie Ou and Sumiyoshi Abe: It has been known for some time that the usual $q$-entropy $S_q^{(n)}$ cannot\nbe shown to converge to the continuous case. In [Phys. Rev. E 97 (2018)\n012104], we have shown that the discrete $q$-entropy $\\widetilde{S}_q^{(n)}$\nconverges to the continuous case when the total number of states are properly\ntaken into account in terms of a convergence factor. Ou and Abe [Phys. Rev. E\n97, (2018) 066101, arXiv:1801.03035] noted that this form of the discrete\n$q$-entropy does not conform to the Shannon-Khinchin expandability axiom. As a\nreply, we note that the fulfillment or not of the expandability property by the\ndiscrete $q$-entropy strongly depends on the origin of the convergence factor,\npresenting an example in which $\\widetilde{S}_q^{(n)}$ is expandable.",
        "positive": "The Ferromagnetic Potts model under an external magnetic field: an exact\n  renormalization group approach: The q-state ferromagnetic Potts model under a non-zero magnetic field coupled\nwith the 0^th Potts state was investigated by an exact real-space\nrenormalization group approach. The model was defined on a family of diamond\nhierarchical lattices of several fractal dimensions d_F. On these lattices, the\nrenormalization group transformations became exact for such a model when a\ncorrelation coupling that singles out the 0^th Potts state was included in the\nHamiltonian. The rich criticality presented by the model with q=3 and d_F=2 was\nfully analyzed. Apart from the Potts criticality for the zero field, an\nIsing-like phase transition was found whenever the system was submitted to a\nstrong reverse magnetic field. Unusual characteristics such as cusps and\ndimensional reduction were observed on the critical surface."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact results for fidelity susceptibility of the quantum Ising model:\n  The interplay between parity, system size, and magnetic field: We derive an exact closed-form expression for fidelity susceptibility of\neven- and odd-sized quantum Ising chains in the transverse field. To this aim,\nwe diagonalize the Ising Hamiltonian and study the gap between its positive and\nnegative parity subspaces. We derive an exact closed-form expression for the\ngap and use it to identify the parity of the ground state. We point out\nmisunderstanding in some of the former studies of fidelity susceptibility and\ndiscuss its consequences. Last but not least, we rigorously analyze the\nproperties of the gap. For example, we derive analytical expressions showing\nits exponential dependence on the ratio between the system size and the\ncorrelation length.",
        "positive": "Log-periodic Oscillations for Biased Diffusion in 3D Random Lattices: Random walks with a fixed bias direction on randomly diluted cubic lattices\nfar above the percolation threshold exhibit log-periodic oscillations in the\neffective exponent versus time. A scaling argument accounts for the numerical\nresults in the limit of large biases and small dilution and shows the\nimportance of the interplay of these two ingredients in the generation of the\nlog-periodicity. These results show that log-periodicity is the dominant effect\ncompared to previous predictions of and reports on anomalous diffusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The glass transition of dense fluids of hard and compressible spheres: We use computer simulations to study the glass transition of dense fluids\nmade of polydisperse, repulsive spheres. For hard particles, we vary the volume\nfraction, phi, and use compressible particles to explore finite temperatures,\nT>0. In the hard sphere limit, our dynamic data show evidence of an avoided\nmode-coupling singularity near phi_{MCT} ~ 0.592, they are consistent with a\ndivergence of equilibrium relaxation times occurring at phi_0 ~ 0.635, but they\nleave open the existence of a finite temperature singularity for compressible\nspheres at volume fraction phi > phi_0. Using direct measurements and a new\nscaling procedure, we estimate the equilibrium equation of state for the hard\nsphere metastable fluid up to phi_0, where pressure remains finite, suggesting\nthat phi_0 corresponds to an ideal glass transition. We use non-equilibrium\nprotocols to explore glassy states above phi_0 and establish the existence of\nmultiple equations of state for the unequilibrated glass of hard spheres, all\ndiverging at different densities in the range phi \\in [0.642, 0.664].\nGlassiness thus results in the existence of a continuum of densities where\njamming transitions can occur.",
        "positive": "Parametric resonance in a conservative system of coupled nonlinear\n  oscillators: We study a conservative system of two nonlinear coupled oscillators. The\neigenmodes of the system are thus nonlinearly coupled, and one of them may\ninduce a parametric amplification of the other, called an autoparametric\nresonance of the system. The parametric amplification implies two time scales,\na fast one for the forcing and a slow one for the forced mode, thus a\nmultiscale expansion is suitable to get amplitude equations describing the slow\ndynamics of the oscillators. We recall the parametric resonance in a\ndissipationless system, the parametrically forced Duffing oscillator, with\nemphasis on the energy transfer between the oscillator and the source that\nensures the parametric forcing. Energy conservation is observed when averaging\nis done on the slow time scale relevant to parametric amplification,evidenced\nby a constant of the motion in the amplitude equation. Then we study a dimer in\na periodic potential well, which is a conservative but non integrable system.\nWhen the dimer energy is such that it is trapped in neighboring potential\nwells, we derive coupled nonlinear differential equations for the eigenmodes\namplitudes (center of mass motion and relative motion). We exhibit two\nconstants of the motion, which demonstrates that the amplitude equations are\nintegrable. We establish the conditions for autoparametric amplification of the\nrelative motion by the center of mass motion, and describe the phase portraits\nof the system. In the opposite limit, when the dimer slides along the external\npotential so that the center of mass motion is basically a translation, we\ncalculate the amplitude equation for the relative motion. In this latter case,\nwe also exhibit autoparametric amplification of the relative motions of the\ndimer particles. In both cases, the comparison between numerical integration of\nthe actual system and the asymptotic analysis evidences an excellent agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical spin-glass-like behavior in an evolutionary game: We study a new evolutionary game, where players are tempted to take part by\nthe premium, but compete for being the first who take a specific move. Those,\nwho manage to escape the bulk of players, are the winners. While for large\npremium the game is very similar to the Minority Game studied earlier,\nsignificant new behavior, reminiscent of spin glasses is observed for premium\nbelow certain level.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Full Counting Statistics and Symmetry-Resolved\n  Entanglement from Space-Time Duality: Due to its probabilistic nature, a measurement process in quantum mechanics\nproduces a distribution of possible outcomes. This distribution - or its\nFourier transform known as full counting statistics (FCS) - contains much more\ninformation than say the mean value of the measured observable and accessing it\nis sometimes the only way to obtain relevant information about the system. In\nfact, the FCS is the limit of an even more general family of observables - the\ncharged moments - that characterise how quantum entanglement is split in\ndifferent symmetry sectors in the presence of a global symmetry. Here we\nconsider the evolution of the FCS and of the charged moments of a U(1) charge\ntruncated to a finite region after a global quantum quench. For large scales\nthese quantities take a simple large-deviation form, showing two different\nregimes as functions of time: while for times much larger than the size of the\nregion they approach a stationary value set by the local equilibrium state, for\ntimes shorter than region size they show a non-trivial dependence on time. We\nshow that, whenever the initial state is also U(1) symmetric, the leading order\nin time of FCS and charged moments in the out-of-equilibrium regime can be\ndetermined by means of a space-time duality. Namely, it coincides with the\nstationary value in the system where the roles of time and space are exchanged.\nWe use this observation to find some general properties of FCS and charged\nmoments out-of-equilibrium, and to derive an exact expression for these\nquantities in interacting integrable models. We test this expression against\nexact results in the Rule 54 quantum cellular automaton and exact numerics in\nthe XXZ spin-1/2 chain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nontrivial maturation metastate-average state in a one-dimensional\n  long-range Ising spin glass: above and below the upper critical range: Understanding the low-temperature pure state structure of spin glasses\nremains an open problem in the field of statistical mechanics of disordered\nsystems. Here we study Monte Carlo dynamics, performing simulations of the\ngrowth of correlations following a quench from infinite temperature to a\ntemperature well below the spin-glass transition temperature $T_c$ for a\none-dimensional Ising spin glass model with diluted long-range interactions. In\nthis model, the probability $P_{ij}$ that an edge $\\{i,j\\}$ has nonvanishing\ninteraction falls as a power-law with chord distance,\n$P_{ij}\\propto1/R_{ij}^{2\\sigma}$, and we study a range of values of $\\sigma$\nwith $1/2<\\sigma<1$. We consider a correlation function $C_{4}(r,t)$. A dynamic\ncorrelation length that shows power-law growth with time $\\xi(t)\\propto\nt^{1/z}$ can be identified in the data and, for large time $t$, $C_{4}(r,t)$\ndecays as a power law $r^{-\\alpha_d}$ with distance $r$ when $r\\ll \\xi(t)$. The\ncalculation can be interpreted in terms of the maturation metastate averaged\nGibbs state, or MMAS, and the decay exponent $\\alpha_d$ differentiates between\na trivial MMAS ($\\alpha_d=0$), as expected in the droplet picture of spin\nglasses, and a nontrivial MMAS ($\\alpha_d\\ne 0$), as in the\nreplica-symmetry-breaking (RSB) or chaotic pairs pictures. We find nonzero\n$\\alpha_d$ even in the regime $\\sigma >2/3$ which corresponds to short-range\nsystems below six dimensions. For $\\sigma < 2/3$, the decay exponent $\\alpha_d$\nfollows the RSB prediction for the decay exponent $\\alpha_s = 3 - 4 \\sigma$ of\nthe static metastate, consistent with a conjectured statics-dynamics relation,\nwhile it approaches $\\alpha_d=1-\\sigma$ in the regime $2/3<\\sigma<1$; however,\nit deviates from both lines in the vicinity of $\\sigma=2/3$.",
        "positive": "Hellmann and Feynman theorem versus diffusion Monte Carlo experiment: In a computer experiment the choice of suitable estimators to measure a\nphysical quantity plays an important role. We propose a new direct route to\ndetermine estimators for observables which do not commute with the Hamiltonian.\nOur new route makes use of the Hellmann and Feynman theorem and in a diffusion\nMonte Carlo simulation it introduces a new bias to the measure due to the\nchoice of the auxiliary function. This bias is independent from the usual one\ndue to the choice of the trial wave function. We used our route to measure the\nradial distribution function of a spin one half Fermion fluid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Toward a relative q-entropy: We address the question and related controversy of the formulation of the\n$q$-entropy, and its relative entropy counterpart, for models described by\ncontinuous (non-discrete) sets of variables. We notice that an $L_p$ normalized\nfunctional proposed by Lutwak-Yang-Zhang (LYZ), which is essentially a\nvariation of a properly normalized relative R\\'{e}nyi entropy up to a\nlogarithm, has extremal properties that make it an attractive candidate which\ncan be used to construct such a relative $q$-entropy. We comment on the\nextremizing probability distributions of this LYZ functional, its relation to\nthe escort distributions, a generalized Fisher information and the\ncorresponding Cram\\'{e}r-Rao inequality. We point out potential physical\nimplications of the LYZ entropic functional and of its extremal distributions.",
        "positive": "Spontaneous symmetry breaking in a driven-dissipative system: Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) is a key concept in physics that for\ndecades has played a crucial role in the description of many physical phenomena\nin a large number of different areas, like particle physics, cosmology, and\ncondensed-matter physics. SSB is thus an ubiquitous concept connecting several,\nboth \"high\" and \"low\" energy, areas of physics and many textbooks describe its\nbasic features in great detail. However, to study the dynamics of symmetry\nbreaking in the laboratory is extremely difficult. In condensed-matter physics,\nfor example, tiny external disturbances cause a preference for the breaking of\nthe symmetry in a particular configuration and typically those disturbances\ncannot be avoided in experiments. Notwithstanding these complications, here we\ndescribe an experiment, in which we directly observe the spontaneous breaking\nof the temporal phase of a driven system with respect to the drive into two\ndistinct values differing by $\\pi$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A time-work uncertainty relation in quantum systems: In quantum systems, a plausible definition of work is based on two energy\nmeasurement scheme. Considering that energy change of quantum system obeys a\ntime-energy uncertainty relation, it shall be interesting to see whether such\ntype of work as well obeys an analogous uncertainty relation. In this note I\nargue that this relation indeed exists for closed quantum systems and open\nquantum systems, which the latter are assumed to be weakly coupled with their\nenvironments.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium Surface Growth and Scalability of Parallel Algorithms\n  for Large Asynchronous Systems: The scalability of massively parallel algorithms is a fundamental question in\ncomputer science. We study the scalability and the efficiency of a conservative\nmassively parallel algorithm for discrete-event simulations where the discrete\nevents are Poisson arrivals. The parallel algorithm is applicable to a wide\nrange of problems, including dynamic Monte Carlo simulations for large\nasynchronous systems with short-range interactions. The evolution of the\nsimulated time horizon is analogous to a growing and fluctuating surface, and\nthe efficiency of the algorithm corresponds to the density of local minima of\nthis surface. In one dimension we find that the steady state of the macroscopic\nlandscape is governed by the Edwards-Wilkinson Hamiltonian, which implies that\nthe algorithm is scalable. Preliminary results for higher-dimensional logical\ntopologies are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling in the Timing of Extreme Events: Extreme events can come either from point processes, when the size or energy\nof the events is above a certain threshold, or from time series, when the\nintensity of a signal surpasses a threshold value. We are particularly\nconcerned by the time between these extreme events, called respectively waiting\ntime and quiet time. If the thresholds are high enough it is possible to\njustify the existence of scaling laws for the probability distribution of the\ntimes as a function of the threshold value, although the scaling functions are\ndifferent in each case. For point processes, in addition to the trivial Poisson\nprocess, one can obtain double-power-law distributions with no finite mean\nvalue. This is justified in the context of renormalization-group\ntransformations, where such distributions arise as limiting distributions after\niterations of the transformation. Clear connections with the generalized\ncentral limit theorem are established from here. The non-existence of finite\nmoments leads to a semi-parametric scaling law in terms of the sample mean\nwaiting time, in which the (usually unkown) scale parameter is eliminated but\nnot the exponents. In the case of time series, scaling can arise by considering\nrandom-walk-like signals with absorbing boundaries, resulting in distributions\nwith a power-law \"bulk\" and a faster decay for long times. For large thresholds\nthe moments of the quiet-time distribution show a power-law dependence with the\nscale parameter, and isolation of the latter and of the exponents leads to a\nnon-parametric scaling law in terms only of the moments of the distribution.\nConclusions about the projections of changes in the occurrence of natural\nhazards lead to the necessity of distinguishing the behavior of the mean of the\ndistribution with the behavior of the extreme events.",
        "positive": "Effective phonon treatment of asymmetric interparticle interaction\n  potentials: We propose an effective phonon treatment in one dimensional\nmomentum-conserved lattice system with asymmetric interparticle interaction\npotentials. Our strategy is to divide the potential into two segments by the\nzero-potential point, and then approximate them by piecewise harmonic\npotentials with effective force constants $\\tilde{k}_L$ and $\\tilde{k}_R$\nrespectively. The effective phonons can then be well described by\n$\\omega_c=\\sqrt{2(\\tilde{k}_L+\\tilde{k}_R)}% |sin(\\frac{1}{2}aq)|$. The\nnumerical verifications show that this treatment works very well."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discrete-time thermodynamic uncertainty relation: We generalize the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, providing an entropic\nupper bound for average fluxes in time-continuous steady-state systems\n(Gingrich et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 120601 (2016)), to time-discrete Markov\nchains and to systems under time-symmetric, periodic driving.",
        "positive": "Thermal Conductivity, Shear and Bulk Viscosities for a Relativistic\n  Binary Mixture: In the present work, we deal with a binary mixture of diluted relativistic\ngases within the framework of the kinetic theory. The analysis is made within\nthe framework of the Boltzmann equation. We assume that the gas is under the\ninfluence of an isotropic Schwarzschild metric and is composed of particles\nwith speeds comparable with the light speed. Taking into account the\nconstitutive equations for the laws of Fourier and Navier-Stokes, we obtain\nexpressions for the thermal conductivity, the shear, and bulk viscosities. To\nevaluate the integrals we assume a hard-sphere interaction along with\nnon-disparate masses for the particles of each component. We show the\nanalytical expressions and the behavior of the transport coeffcients with\nrespect to a relativistic parameter which gives the ratio of the rest energy of\nthe particles to the thermal energy of the gas.We also determine the dependence\nof the transport coeffcients with respect to the gravitational potential and\ndemonstrate that the corresponding one component"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistically optimal continuous free energy surfaces from biased\n  simulations and multistate reweighting: Free energies as a function of a selected set of collective variables are\ncommonly computed in molecular simulation and of significant value in\nunderstanding and engineering molecular behavior. These free energy surfaces\nare most commonly estimated using variants of histogramming techniques, but\nsuch approaches obscure two important facets of these functions. First, the\nempirical observations along the collective variable are defined by an ensemble\nof discrete observations and the coarsening of these observations into a\nhistogram bins incurs unnecessary loss of information. Second, the free energy\nsurface is itself almost always a continuous function, and its representation\nby a histogram introduces inherent approximations due to the discretization. In\nthis study, we relate the observed discrete observations from biased\nsimulations to the inferred underlying continuous probability distribution over\nthe collective variables and derive histogram-free techniques for estimating\nthis free energy surface. We reformulate free energy surface estimation as\nminimization of a Kullback-Leibler divergence between a continuous trial\nfunction and the discrete empirical distribution and show that this is\nequivalent to likelihood maximization of a trial function given a set of\nsampled data. We then present a fully Bayesian treatment of this formalism,\nwhich enables the incorporation of powerful Bayesian tools such as the\ninclusion of regularizing priors, uncertainty quantification, and model\nselection techniques. We demonstrate this new formalism in the analysis of\numbrella sampling simulations for the $\\chi$ torsion of a valine sidechain in\nthe L99A mutant of T4 lysozyme with benzene bound in the cavity.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation relations and coarse-graining: We consider the application of fluctuation relations to the dynamics of\ncoarse-grained systems, as might arise in a hypothetical experiment in which a\nsystem is monitored with a low-resolution measuring apparatus. We analyze a\nstochastic, Markovian jump process with a specific structure that lends itself\nnaturally to coarse-graining. A perturbative analysis yields a reduced\nstochastic jump process that approximates the coarse-grained dynamics of the\noriginal system. This leads to a non-trivial fluctuation relation that is\napproximately satisfied by the coarse-grained dynamics. We illustrate our\nresults by computing the large deviations of a particular stochastic jump\nprocess. Our results highlight the possibility that observed deviations from\nfluctuation relations might be due to the presence of unobserved degrees of\nfreedom."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase space measure concentration for an ideal gas: We point out that a special case of an ideal gas exhibits concentration of\nthe volume of its phase space, which is a sphere, around its equator in the\nthermodynamic limit. The rate of approach to the thermodynamic limit is\ndetermined. Our argument relies on the spherical isoperimetric inequality of\nL\\'{e}vy and Gromov.",
        "positive": "Epidemic spread in weighted scale-free networks: In this letter, we investigate the detailed epidemic spreading process in\nscale-free networks with links' weights that denote familiarity between two\nindividuals and find that spreading velocity reaches a peak quickly then decays\nin a power-law form. Numerical study exhibits that the nodes with larger\nstrength is preferential to be infected, but the hierarchical dynamics are not\nclearly found, which is different from the well-known result in unweighed\nnetwork case. In addition, also by numerical study, we demonstrate that larger\ndispersion of weight of networks results in slower spreading, which indicates\nthat epidemic spreads more quickly on unweighted scale-free networks than on\nweighted scale-free networks with the same condition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unfolding times for proteins in a force clamp: The escape process from the native valley for proteins subjected to a\nconstant stretching force is examined using a model for a Beta-barrel. For a\nwide range of forces, the unfolding dynamics can be treated as one-dimensional\ndiffusion, parametrized in terms of the end-to-end distance. In particular, the\nescape times can be evaluated as first passage times for a Brownian particle\nmoving on the protein free-energy landscape, using the Smoluchowski equation.\nAt strong forces, the unfolding process can be viewed as a diffusive drift away\nfrom the native state, while at weak forces thermal activation is the relevant\nmechanism. An escape-time analysis within this approach reveals a crossover\nfrom an exponential to an inverse Gaussian escape-time distribution upon\npassing from weak to strong forces. Moreover, a single expression valid at weak\nand strong forces can be devised both for the average unfolding time as well as\nfor the corresponding variance. The analysis offers a possible explanation of\nrecent experimental findings for ddFLN4 and ubiquitin.",
        "positive": "Time-Reversal Symmetry in Non-Hermitian Systems: For ordinary hermitian Hamiltonians, the states show the Kramers degeneracy\nwhen the system has a half-odd-integer spin and the time reversal operator\nobeys \\Theta^2=-1, but no such a degeneracy exists when \\Theta^2=+1. Here we\npoint out that for non-hermitian systems, there exists a degeneracy similar to\nKramers even when \\Theta^2=+1. It is found that the new degeneracy follows from\nthe mathematical structure of split-quaternion, instead of quaternion from\nwhich the Kramers degeneracy follows in the usual hermitian cases. Furthermore,\nwe also show that particle/hole symmetry gives rise to a pair of states with\nopposite energies on the basis of the split quaternion in a class of\nnon-hermitian Hamiltonians. As concrete examples, we examine in detail NxN\nHamiltonians with N=2 and 4 which are non-hermitian generalizations of spin 1/2\nHamiltonian and quadrupole Hamiltonian of spin 3/2, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Validity condition of the Jarzynski relation for a classical mechanical\n  system: Recently, Jarzynski suggested a striking thermodynamic equation that relates\nfree energy change of a system and work done on the system during arbitrary\nnonequilibrium processes, which has been believed to hold irrespective of\ndetailed nature of the nonequilibrium process. However, we show here that the\nJarzynski equation does not hold for an adiabatic process unless the\nphase-space extension of the system on completion of the adiabatic process\ncoincides with that of the final equilibrium state of the system. This\ncondition can be satisfied only when the adiabatic process does not change\nparameters on which the equilibrium phase-space extension of our system is\ndependent.",
        "positive": "Noble gases in high-pressure silicate liquids: A computer simulation\n  study: The test particle method has been used in conjunction with molecular dynamics\nsimulations to evaluate the solubility of noble gases in silicate melts of\nvarious compositions. At low pressure the calculated solubility constants (the\ninverse of the Henry's constant) are in excellent agreement with data of the\nliterature. In particular it is found that the solubility constant (i)\ndecreases when the size of the noble gas increases, (ii) decreases from\nsilica-rich to silica-poor composition of the melt, and (iii) is positively\ncorrelated with the temperature. Moreover it is shown that the solubility is\ngoverned primarily by the entropic cost of cavity formation for inserting the\nnoble gas into the melt and secondarily by its solvation energy. Interestingly,\nthe behaviour of these two contributions differ from each other as the entropic\ncost of cavity formation increases strongly with the size of the solute atom to\ninsert whereas large atoms are better solvated than small ones.\n  With all melt composition investigated here (silica, rhyolite, MORB and\nolivine), the calculated solubility curves exhibit the same qualitative\nbehaviour with pressure; a steep rise culminating in a broad maximum followed\nby a gradual decrease of the solubility at higher pressure. At variance with\nLHDAC experiments (Chamorro et al. (1996, 1998) and Bouhifd et al. (2006,\n2008)) where a Ar solubility drop is observed at about 50 kbar in silica and\nmolten olivine and in the pressure range ~100-160 kbar with other melt\ncomposition, we do not find such a sudden change of the solubility."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy and Temperature of a Static Granular Assembly: Granular matter is comprised of a large number of particles whose collective\nbehavior determines macroscopic properties such as flow and mechanical\nstrength. A comprehensive theory of the properties of granular matter,\ntherefore, requires a statistical framework. In molecular matter, equilibrium\nstatistical mechanics, which is founded on the principle of conservation of\nenergy, provides this framework. Grains, however, are small but macroscopic\nobjects whose interactions are dissipative since energy can be lost through\nexcitations of the internal degrees of freedom. In this work, we construct a\nstatistical framework for static, mechanically stable packings of grains, which\nparallels that of equilibrium statistical mechanics but with conservation of\nenergy replaced by the conservation of a function related to the mechanical\nstress tensor. Our analysis demonstrates the existence of a state function that\nhas all the attributes of entropy. In particular, maximizing this state\nfunction leads to a well-defined granular temperature for these systems.\nPredictions of the ensemble are verified against simulated packings of\nfrictionless, deformable disks. Our demonstration that a statistical ensemble\ncan be constructed through the identification of conserved quantities other\nthan energy is a new approach that is expected to open up avenues for\nstatistical descriptions of other non-equilibrium systems.",
        "positive": "A generalized Chudley-Elliott vibration-jump model in activated atom\n  surface diffusion: Here the authors provide a generalized Chudley-Elliott expression for\nactivated atom surface diffusion which takes into account the coupling between\nboth low-frequency vibrational motion (namely, the frustrated translational\nmodes) and diffusion. This expression is derived within the Gaussian\napproximation framework for the intermediate scattering function at low\ncoverage. Moreover, inelastic contributions (arising from creation and\nannihilation processes) to the full width at half maximum of the quasi-elastic\npeak are also obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quench dynamics of noninteracting fermions with a delta impurity: We study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of noninteracting fermions in one\ndimension and in continuum space, in the presence of a delta impurity potential\nat the origin whose strength $g$ is varied at time $t=0$. The system is\nprepared in its ground state with $g=g_0=+\\infty$, with two different densities\nand Fermi wave-vectors $k_L$ and $k_R$ on the two half-spaces $x>0$ and $x<0$\nrespectively. It then evolves for $t>0$ as an isolated system, with a finite\nimpurity strength $g$. We compute exactly the time dependent density and\ncurrent. For a fixed position $x$ and in the large time limit $t \\to \\infty$,\nthe system reaches a non-equilibrium stationary state (NESS). We obtain\nanalytically the correlation kernel, density, particle current, and energy\ncurrent in the NESS, and characterize their relaxation, which is algebraic in\ntime. In particular, in the NESS, we show that, away from the impurity, the\nparticle density displays oscillations which are the non-equilibrium analog of\nthe Friedel oscillations. In the regime of \"rays\", $x/t=\\xi$ fixed with $x, t\n\\to \\infty$, we compute the same quantities and observe the emergence of two\nlight cones, associated to the Fermi velocities $k_L$ and $k_R$ in the initial\nstate. Interestingly, we find non trivial quantum correlations between two\nopposite rays with velocities $\\xi$ and $-\\xi$ which we compute explicitly. We\nextend to a continuum setting and to a correlated initial state the analytical\nmethods developed in a recent work of Ljubotina, Sotiriadis and Prosen, in the\ncontext of a discrete fermionic chain with an impurity. We also generalize our\nresults to an initial state at finite temperature, recovering, via explicit\ncalculations, some predictions of conformal field theory in the low energy\nlimit.",
        "positive": "Active Brownian motion with speed fluctuations in arbitrary dimensions:\n  exact calculation of moments and dynamical crossovers: We consider the motion of an active Brownian particle with speed fluctuations\nin d-dimensions in the presence of both translational and orientational\ndiffusion. We use an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process for active speed generation.\nUsing a Laplace transform approach, we describe and use a Fokker-Planck\nequation-based method to evaluate the exact time dependence of all relevant\ndynamical moments. We present explicit calculations of such moments and compare\nour analytical predictions against numerical simulations to demonstrate and\nanalyze several dynamical crossovers. The kurtosis of displacement shows\npositive or negative deviations from a Gaussian behavior at intermediate times\ndepending on the dominance of speed or orientational fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Floquet Thermalization: Symmetries and Random Matrix Ensembles: We investigate the role of symmetries in determining the random matrix class\ndescribing quantum thermalization in a periodically driven many body quantum\nsystem. Using a combination of analytical arguments and numerical exact\ndiagonalization, we establish that a periodically driven `Floquet' system can\nbe in a different random matrix class to the instantaneous Hamiltonian. A\nperiodically driven system can thermalize even when the instantaneous\nHamiltonian is integrable. A Floquet system that thermalizes in general can\ndisplay integrable behavior at commensurate driving frequencies. When the\ninstantaneous Hamiltonian and Floquet operator both thermalize, the Floquet\nproblem can be in the unitary class while the instantaneous Hamiltonian is\nalways in the orthogonal class, and vice versa. We extract general principles\nregarding when a Floquet problem can thermalize to a different symmetry class\nto the instantaneous Hamiltonian. A (finite-sized) Floquet system can even\ndisplay crossovers between different random matrix classes as a function of\ndriving frequency.",
        "positive": "Critical phenomena in a highly constrained classical spin system: Neel\n  ordering from the Coulomb phase: Many classical, geometrically frustrated antiferromagnets have\nmacroscopically degenerate ground states. In a class of three-dimensional\nsystems, the set of degenerate ground states has power-law correlations and is\nan example of a Coulomb phase. We investigate Neel ordering from such a Coulomb\nphase, induced by weak additional interactions that lift the degeneracy. We\nshow that the critical point belongs to a universality class that is different\nfrom the one for the equivalent transition out of the paramagnetic phase, and\nthat it is characterised by effective long-range interactions; alternatively,\nordering may be discontinuous. We suggest that a transition of this type may be\nrealised by applying uniaxial stress to a pyrochlore antiferromagnet."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Statistical Theory of cosolvent-induced coil-globule transitions in\n  dilute polymer solution: We present a statistical model of a dilute polymer solution in good solvent\nin the presence of low-molecular weight cosolvent. We investigate the\nconformational changes of the polymer induced by a change of the cosolvent\nconcentration and the type of interaction between the cosolvent and the\npolymer. We describe the polymer in solution by the Edwards model, where the\npartition function of the polymer chain with a fixed radius of gyration is\ndescribed in the framework of the mean-field approximation. The contributions\nof polymer-cosolvent and the cosolvent-cosolvent interactions in the total\nHelmholtz free energy are treated also within the mean-field approximation. For\nconvenience we separate the system volume on two parts: the volume occupied by\nthe polymer chain expressed through its gyration volume and the bulk solution.\nConsidering the equilibrium between the two subvolumes we obtain the total\nHelmholtz free energy of the solution as a function of radius of gyration and\nthe cosolvent concentration within gyration volume. After minimization of the\ntotal Helmholtz free energy with respect to its arguments we obtain a system of\ncoupled equations with respect to the radius of gyration of the polymer chain\nand the cosolvent concentration within the gyration volume. Varying the\ninteraction strength between polymer and cosolvent we show that the polymer\ncollapse occurs in two cases - either when the interaction between polymer and\ncosolvent is repulsive or when the interaction is attractive. The reported\neffects could be relevant for different disciplines where conformational\ntransitions of macromolecules in the presence of a cosolvent are of interest,\nin particular in biology, chemistry and material science.",
        "positive": "Exact solution for mean first-passage time on a pseudofractal scale-free\n  web: The explicit determinations of the mean first-passage time (MFPT) for\ntrapping problem are limited to some simple structure, e.g., regular lattices\nand regular geometrical fractals, and determining MFPT for random walks on\nother media, especially complex real networks, is a theoretical challenge. In\nthis paper, we investigate a simple random walk on the the pseudofractal\nscale-free web (PSFW) with a perfect trap located at a node with the highest\ndegree, which simultaneously exhibits the remarkable scale-free and small-world\nproperties observed in real networks. We obtain the exact solution for the MFPT\nthat is calculated through the recurrence relations derived from the structure\nof PSFW. The rigorous solution exhibits that the MFPT approximately increases\nas a power-law function of the number of nodes, with the exponent less than 1.\nWe confirm the closed-form solution by direct numerical calculations. We show\nthat the structure of PSFW can improve the efficiency of transport by\ndiffusion, compared with some other structure, such as regular lattices,\nSierpinski fractals, and T-graph. The analytical method can be applied to other\ndeterministic networks, making the accurate computation of MFPT possible."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling at the OTOC Wavefront: free versus chaotic models: Out of time ordered correlators (OTOCs) are useful tools for investigating\nfoundational questions such as thermalization in closed quantum systems because\nthey can potentially distinguish between integrable and nonintegrable dynamics.\nHere we discuss the properties of wavefronts of OTOCs by focusing on the region\naround the main wavefront at $x=v_{B}t$, where $v_{B}$ is the butterfly\nvelocity. Using a Heisenberg spin model as an example, we find that the leading\nedge of a propagating Gaussian with the argument $-m(x)\\left( x-v_B t \\right)^2\n+b(x)t$ gives an excellent fit to the region around $x=v_{B}t$ for both the\nfree and chaotic cases. However, the scaling in these two regimes is very\ndifferent: in the free case the coefficients $m(x)$ and $b(x)$ have an inverse\npower law dependence on $x$ whereas in the chaotic case they decay\nexponentially. We conjecture that this result is universal by using catastrophe\ntheory to show that, on the one hand, the wavefront in the free case has to\ntake the form of an Airy function and its local expansion shows that the power\nlaw scaling seen in the numerics holds rigorously, and on the other hand an\nexponential scaling of the OTOC wavefront must be a signature of nonintegrable\ndynamics. We find that the crossover between the two regimes is smooth and\ncharacterized by an S-shaped curve giving the lifting of Airy nodes as a\nfunction of a chaos parameter. This shows that the Airy form is qualitatively\nstable against weak chaos and consistent with the concept of a quantum\nKolmogorov-Arnold-Moser theory.",
        "positive": "Khinchin theorem and anomalous diffusion: A recent paper [M. H. Lee, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 190601 (2007)] has called\nattention to the fact that irreversibility is a broader concept than\nergodicity, and that therefore the Khinchin theorem [A. I. Khinchin,\nMathematical Foundations of Statistical Mechanics (Dover, New York) 1949] may\nfail in some systems. In this Letter we show that for all ranges of normal and\nanomalous diffusion described by a Generalized Langevin Equation the Khinchin\ntheorem holds."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-Organization Induced Scale-Free Networks: What is the underlying mechanism leading to power-law degree distributions of\nmany natural and artificial networks is still at issue. We consider that\nscale-free networks emerges from self-organizing process, and such a evolving\nmodel is introduced in this letter. At each time step, a new node is added to\nthe network and connect to some existing nodes randomly, instead of\n\"preferential attachment\" introduced by Barab\\'{a}si and Albert, and then the\nnew node will connect with its neighbors' neighbors at a fixed probability,\nwhich is natural to collaboration networks and social networks of acquaintance\nor other relations between individuals. The simulation results show that those\nnetworks generated from our model are scale-free networks with satisfactorily\nlarge clustering coefficient.",
        "positive": "Phase Transition in an Exactly Solvable Extinction Model: We introduce a model of biological evolution where species evolve in response\nto biotic interactions and a fluctuating environmental stress. The species may\neither become extinct or mutate to acquire a new fitness value when the\neffective stress level is greater than their individual fitness. The model\nexhibits a phase transition to a completely extinct phase as the environmental\nstress or the mutation rate is varied. We discuss the generic conditions for\nwhich this transition is continuous. The model is exactly solvable and the\ncritical behavior is characterized by an unusual dynamic exponent z=1/3. Apart\nfrom predicting large scale evolution, the model can be applied to understand\nthe trends in the available fossil data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large W limit of the knapsack problem: We formulate the knapsack problem (KP) as a statistical physics system and\ncompute the corresponding partition function as an integral in the complex\nplane. The introduced formalism allows us to derive three\nstatistical-physics-based algorithms for the KP: one based on the recursive\ndefinition of the exact partition function; another based on the large weight\nlimit of that partition function; and a final one based on the zero-temperature\nlimit of the second. Comparing the performances of the algorithms, we find that\nthey do not consistently outperform (in terms of runtime and accuracy) dynamic\nprogramming, annealing, or standard greedy algorithms. However, the exact\npartition function is shown to reproduce the dynamic programming solution to\nthe KP, and the zero-temperature algorithm is shown to produce a greedy\nsolution. Therefore, although dynamic programming and greedy solutions to the\nKP are conceptually distinct, the statistical physics formalism introduced in\nthis work reveals that the large weight-constraint limit of the former leads to\nthe latter. We conclude by discussing how to extend this formalism in order to\nobtain more accurate versions of the introduced algorithms and to other similar\ncombinatorial optimization problems.",
        "positive": "Linear response theory for hydrodynamic and kinetic equations with\n  long-range interactions: We apply the linear response theory to systems with long-range interactions\ndescribed by hydrodynamic equations such as the Euler, Smoluchowski, and damped\nEuler equations. We analytically determine the response of the system submitted\nto a pulse and to a step function. We compare these results with those obtained\nfor collisionless systems described by the Vlasov equation. We show that, in\nthe linear regime, the evolution of a collisionless system (Vlasov) with the\nwaterbag distribution is the same as the evolution of a collision-dominated gas\nwithout dissipation (Euler). In this analogy, the maximum velocity of the\nwaterbag distribution plays the role of the velocity of sound in the\ncorresponding barotropic gas. When submitted to a step function, these systems\nexhibit permanent oscillations. Other distributions exhibit Landau damping and\nrelax towards a steady state. We illustrate this behaviour with the Cauchy\ndistribution which can be studied analytically. We apply our results to the HMF\nmodel and obtain a generalized Curie-Weiss law for the magnetic susceptibility.\nFinally, we compare the linear response theory to the initial value problem for\nthe linearized Vlasov equation and report a case of algebraic damping of the\ninitial perturbation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dimensional Interpolation for Random Walk: We employ a simple and accurate dimensional interpolation formula for the\nshapes of random walks at $D=3$ and $D=2$ based on the analytically known\nsolutions at both limits $D=\\infty$ and $D=1$. The results obtained for the\nradii of gyration of an arbitrary shaped object are about $2\\%$ error compared\nwith accurate numerical results at $D = 3$ and $D = 2$. We also calculated the\nasphericity for a three-dimensional random walk using the dimensional\ninterpolation formula. Result agrees very well with the numerically simulated\nresult. The method is general and can be used to estimate other properties of\nrandom walks.",
        "positive": "Asymptotically exact probability distribution for the Sinai model with\n  finite drift: We obtain the exact asymptotic result for the disorder-averaged probability\ndistribution function for a random walk in a biased Sinai model and show that\nit is characterized by a creeping behavior of the displacement moments with\ntime, <x^n> ~ t^{\\mu n} where \\mu is dimensionless mean drift. We employ a\nmethod originated in quantum diffusion which is based on the exact mapping of\nthe problem to an imaginary-time Schr\\\"{odinger} equation. For nonzero drift\nsuch an equation has an isolated lowest eigenvalue separated by a gap from\nquasi-continuous excited states, and the eigenstate corresponding to the former\ngoverns the long-time asymptotic behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Focusing on the dynamics of the entanglement in spin junction: We study the dynamics of entanglement in the one-dimensional spin-1/2 XY\nmodel in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. A pair of spins are\nconsidered as an open quantum system, while the rest of the chain plays the\nrole of the environment. Our study focuses on the pair of spins in the system,\nthe edge spins, and the environment. It is observed that the entanglement\nbetween the pair of spins in the system decreases and it can transfer to the\nrest of the spins. For a value of anisotropy leading to the Ising model, the\nentanglement is completely back to the system by passing time. On the other\nhand, the entanglement can only be seen under certain conditions between edge\nspins of the system and the environment. The pair of spins on the edge will be\nentangled very quickly and it will disappear after a very short time. A pair of\nspins far from the system was chosen to examine the behavior of entanglement in\nthe environment. As expected, the transmission of entanglement from the system\nto the environment takes notable time.",
        "positive": "Second law of thermodynamics at stopping times: Events in mesoscopic systems often take place at first-passage times, as is\nfor instance the case for a colloidal particle that escapes a metastable state.\nAn interesting question is how much work an external agent has done on a\nparticle when it escapes a metastable state. We develop a thermodynamic theory\nfor processes in mesoscopic systems that terminate at stopping times, which\ngeneralize first-passage times. This theory implies a thermodynamic bound,\nreminiscent of the second law of thermodynamics, for the work exerted by an\nexternal protocol on a mesoscopic system at a stopping time. As an\nillustration, we use this law to bound the work required to stretch a polymer\nto a certain length or to let a particle escape from a metastable state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Visualization of Superfluid Helium Flow: We discuss an experimental technique to visualize the motion in the bulk of\nsuperfluid $^4$He by tracking micron-sized solid hydrogen tracers. The behavior\nof the tracers is complex since they may be trapped by the quantized vortices\nwhile also interacting with the normal fluid via Stokes drag. We discuss the\nmechanism by which tracers may be trapped by quantized vortices as well as the\ndependencies on hydrogen volume fraction, temperature, and flow properties. We\napply this technique to study the dynamics of a thermal counterflow. Our\nobservations serve as a direct confirmation of the two-fluid model as well as a\nquantitative test of the normal fluid velocity dependence on the applied heat\nflux.",
        "positive": "Maximum Caliber Inference and the Stochastic Ising Model: We investigate the maximum caliber variational principle as an inference\nalgorithm used to predict dynamical properties of complex nonequilibrium,\nstationary, statistical systems in the presence of incomplete information.\nSpecifically, we maximize the path entropy over discrete time step trajectories\nsubject to normalization, stationarity, and detailed balance constraints\ntogether with a path-dependent dynamical information constraint reflecting a\ngiven average global behavior of the complex system. A general expression for\nthe transition probability values associated with the stationary random Markov\nprocesses describing the nonequilibrium stationary system is computed. By\nvirtue of our analysis, we uncover that a convenient choice of the dynamical\ninformation constraint together with a perturbative asymptotic expansion with\nrespect to its corresponding Lagrange multiplier of the general expression for\nthe transition probability leads to a formal overlap with the well-known\nGlauber hyperbolic tangent rule for the transition probability for the\nstochastic Ising model in the limit of very high temperatures of the heat\nreservoir."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Imbalance Entanglement: Symmetry Decomposition of Negativity: In the presence of symmetry, entanglement measures of quantum many-body\nstates can be decomposed into contributions arising from distinct symmetry\nsectors. Here we investigate the decomposability of negativity, a measure of\nentanglement between two parts of a generally open system in a mixed state.\nWhile the entanglement entropy of a subsystem within a closed system can be\nresolved according to its total preserved charge, we find that negativity of\ntwo subsystems may be decomposed into contributions associated with their\ncharge imbalance. We show that this charge-imbalance decomposition of the\nnegativity may be measured by employing existing techniques based on creation\nand manipulation of many-body twin or triple states in cold atomic setups.\nNext, using a geometrical construction in terms of an Aharonov-Bohm-like flux\ninserted in a Riemann geometry, we compute this decomposed negativity in\ncritical one-dimensional systems described by conformal field theory. We show\nthat it shares the same distribution as the charge-imbalance between the two\nsubsystems. We numerically confirm our field theory results via an exact\ncalculations for non-interacting particles based on a double-gaussian\nrepresentation of the partially transposed density matrix.",
        "positive": "Windings of the 2D free Rouse chain: We study long time dynamical properties of a chain of harmonically bound\nBrownian particles. This chain is allowed to wander everywhere in the plane. We\nshow that the scaling variables for the occupation times T_j, areas A_j and\nwinding angles \\theta_j (j=1,...,n labels the particles) take the same general\nform as in the usual Brownian motion. We also compute the asymptotic joint laws\nP({T_j}), P({A_j}), P({\\theta_j}) and discuss the correlations occuring in\nthose distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of dimers on quasiperiodic Ammann-Beenker tilings: We study classical dimers on two-dimensional quasiperiodic Ammann-Beenker\n(AB) tilings. Despite the lack of periodicity we prove that each infinite\ntiling admits 'perfect matchings' in which every vertex is touched by one\ndimer. We introduce an auxiliary 'AB$^*$' tiling obtained from the AB tiling by\ndeleting all 8-fold coordinated vertices. The AB$^*$ tiling is again\ntwo-dimensional, infinite, and quasiperiodic. The AB$^*$ tiling has a single\nconnected component, which admits perfect matchings. We find that in all\nperfect matchings, dimers on the AB$^*$ tiling lie along disjoint\none-dimensional loops and ladders, separated by 'membranes', sets of edges\nwhere dimers are absent. As a result, the dimer partition function of the\nAB$^*$ tiling factorizes into the product of dimer partition functions along\nthese structures. We compute the partition function and free energy per edge on\nthe AB$^*$ tiling using an analytic transfer matrix approach. Returning to the\nAB tiling, we find that membranes in the AB$^*$ tiling become\n'pseudomembranes', sets of edges which collectively host at most one dimer.\nThis leads to a remarkable discrete scale-invariance in the matching problem.\nThe structure suggests that the AB tiling should exhibit highly inhomogenous\nand slowly decaying connected dimer correlations. Using Monte Carlo\nsimulations, we find evidence supporting this supposition in the form of\nconnected dimer correlations consistent with power law behaviour. Within the\nset of perfect matchings we find quasiperiodic analogues to the staggered and\ncolumnar phases observed in periodic systems.",
        "positive": "Particle displacements in the elastic deformation of amorphous\n  materials: local fluctuations vs. non-affine field: We study the local disorder in the deformation of amorphous materials by\ndecomposing the particle displacements into a continuous, inhomogeneous field\nand the corresponding fluctuations. We compare these fields to the commonly\nused non-affine displacements in an elastically deformed 2D Lennard-Jones\nglass. Unlike the non-affine field, the fluctuations are very localized, and\nexhibit a much smaller (and system size independent) correlation length, on the\norder of a particle diameter, supporting the applicability of the notion of\nlocal \"defects\" to such materials. We propose a scalar \"noise\" field to\ncharacterize the fluctuations, as an additional field for extended continuum\nmodels, e.g., to describe the localized irreversible events observed during\nplastic deformation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions in Models of Aggregation, Adsorption,\n  and Dissociation: We study nonequilibrium phase transitions in a mass-aggregation model which\nallows for diffusion, aggregation on contact, dissociation, adsorption and\ndesorption of unit masses. We analyse two limits explicitly. In the first case\nmass is locally conserved whereas in the second case local conservation is\nviolated. In both cases the system undergoes a dynamical phase transition in\nall dimensions. In the first case, the steady state mass distribution decays\nexponentially for large mass in one phase, and develops an infinite aggregate\nin addition to a power-law mass decay in the other phase. In the second case,\nthe transition is similar except that the infinite aggregate is missing.",
        "positive": "Macroscopic traffic models from microscopic car-following models: We present a method to derive macroscopic fluid-dynamic models from\nmicroscopic car-following models via a coarse-graining procedure. The method is\nfirst demonstrated for the optimal velocity model. The derived macroscopic\nmodel consists of a conservation equation and a momentum equation, and the\nlatter contains a relaxation term, an anticipation term, and a diffusion term.\nProperties of the resulting macroscopic model are compared with those of the\noptimal velocity model through numerical simulations, and reasonable agreement\nis found although there are deviations in the quantitative level. The\nderivation is also extended to general car-following models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Diffusion, Prethermalization, and Particle Binding in an\n  Interacting Flat Band System: We study the broadening of initially localized wave packets in a quasi\none-dimensional diamond ladder with interacting, spinless fermions. The lattice\npossesses a flat band causing localization. We place special focus on the\ntransition away from the flat band many-body localized case by adding very weak\ndispersion. By doing so, we allow propagation of the wave packet on\nsignificantly different timescales which causes anomalous diffusion. Due to the\ntemporal separation of dynamic processes, an interaction-induced, prethermal\nequilibrium becomes apparent. A physical picture of light and heavy modes for\nthis prethermal behavior can be obtained within Born-Oppenheimer approximation\nvia basis transformation of the original Hamiltonian. This reveals a detachment\nbetween light, symmetric and heavy, anti-symmetric particle species. We show\nthat the prethermal state is characterized by heavy particles binding together\nmediated by the light particles.",
        "positive": "Exergy of an open continuous medium: Exergy is a very important thermodynamic quantity in several fields such as\neconomy, engineering, ecology and yet it has attracted little attention in pure\nphysics. One of the main problems of the currently used definition of exergy is\nits dependence on an arbitrarily chosen reference state, which is the\nthermodynamic state of a reservoir the system is supposedly in contact with. In\nthis paper, starting from a very general definition of exergy, a formula is\nderived for the exergy balance of a general open continuous medium without any\nreference to an external environment. A formula is also derived for the most\nsuitable thermodynamic parameters of the Earth atmosphere when seen as an\nexternal environment in the usual exergy applications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The hexatic phase of the two-dimensional hard disks system: We report Monte Carlo results for the two-dimensional hard disk system in the\ntransition region. Simulations were performed in the NVT ensemble with up to\n1024^2 disks. The scaling behaviour of the positional and bond-orientational\norder parameter as well as the positional correlation length prove the\nexistence of a hexatic phase as predicted by the\nKosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young theory. The analysis of the pressure\nshows that this phase is outside a possible first-order transition.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of one-dimensional spin models under the line-graph operator: We investigate the application of the line-graph operator to one-dimensional\nspin models with periodic boundary conditions. The spins (or interactions) in\nthe original spin structure become the interactions (or spins) in the resulting\nspin structure. We identify conditions which ensure that each new spin\nstructure is stable, that is, its spin configuration minimises its internal\nenergy. Then, making a correspondence between spin configurations and binary\nsequences, we propose a model of information growth and evolution based on the\nline-graph operator. Since this operator can generate frustrations in newly\nformed spin chains, in the proposed model such frustrations are immediately\nremoved. Also, in some cases, the previously frustrated chains are allowed to\nrecombine into new stable chains. As a result, we obtain a population of spin\nchains whose dynamics is studied using Monte Carlo simulations. Lastly, we\ndiscuss potential applications to areas of research such as combinatorics and\ntheoretical biology."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An equation of state {\\em \u00e0 la} Carnahan-Starling for a\n  five-dimensional fluid of hard hyperspheres: The equation of state for five-dimensional hard hyperspheres arising as a\nweighted average of the Percus-Yevick compressibility (3/5) and virial (2/5)\nequations of state is considered. This Carnahan-Starling-like equation turns\nout to be extremely accurate, despite the fact that both Percus-Yevick\nequations of state are rather poor.",
        "positive": "Number fluctuations in cold quantum gases: In ultracold gases many experiments use atom imaging as a basic observable.\nThe resulting image is averaged over a number of realizations and mostly only\nthis average is used. Only recently the noise has been measured to extract\nphysical information. In the present paper we investigate the quantum noise\narising in these gases at zero temperature. We restrict ourselves to the\nhomogeneous situation and study the fluctuations in particle number found\nwithin a given volume in the gas, and more specifically inside a sphere of\nradius $R$. We show that zero-temperature fluctuations are not extensive and\nthe leading term scales with sphere radius $R$ as $R^2\\ln R$ (or $\\ln R$) in\nthree- (or one-) dimensional systems. We calculate systematically the next term\nbeyond this leading order. We consider first the generic case of a compressible\nsuperfluid. Then we investigate the whole Bose-Einstein-condensation (BEC)-BCS\ncrossover crossover, and in particular the limiting cases of the weakly\ninteracting Bose gas and of the free Fermi gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy Transduction of Isothermal Ratchets: Generic Aspects and Specific\n  Examples Close to and Far from Equilibrium: We study the energetics of isothermal ratchets which are driven by a chemical\nreaction between two states and operate in contact with a single heat bath of\nconstant temperature. We discuss generic aspects of energy transduction such as\nOnsager relations in the linear response regime as well as the efficiency and\ndissipation close to and far from equilibrium. In the linear response regime\nwhere the system operates reversibly the efficiency is in general nonzero.\nStudying the properties for specific examples of energy landscapes and\ntransitions, we observe in the linear response regime that the efficiency can\nhave a maximum as a function of temperature. Far from equilibrium in the fully\nirreversible regime, we find a maximum of the efficiency with values larger\nthan in the linear regime for an optimal choice of the chemical driving force.\nWe show that corresponding efficiencies can be of the order of 50%. A simple\nanalytic argument allows us to estimate the efficiency in this irreversible\nregime for small external forces.",
        "positive": "Hierarchical Coarse-grained Approach to the Duration-dependent Spreading\n  Dynamics in Complex Networks: Various coarse-grained models have been proposed to study the spreading\ndynamics in the network. A microscopic theory is needed to connect the\nspreading dynamics with the individual behaviors. In this letter, we unify the\ndescription of different spreading dynamics on complex networks by decomposing\nthe microscopic dynamics into two basic processes, the aging process and the\ncontact process. A microscopic dynamical equation is derived to describe the\ndynamics of individual nodes on the network. The hierarchy of a duration\ncoarse-grained (DCG) approach is obtained to study duration-dependent\nprocesses, where the transition rates depend on the duration of an individual\nnode on a state. Applied to the epidemic spreading, such formalism is feasible\nto reproduce different epidemic models, e.g., the\nsusceptible-infected-recovered and the susceptible-infected-susceptible models,\nand to associate with the corresponding macroscopic spreading parameters with\nthe microscopic transition rate. The DCG approach enables us to obtain the\nsteady state of the general SIS model with arbitrary duration-dependent\nrecovery and infection rates. The current hierarchical formalism can also be\nused to describe the spreading of information and public opinions, or to model\na reliability theory in networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Organizing Principles for Dense Packings of Nonspherical Hard Particles:\n  Not All Shapes Are Created Equal: We have recently devised organizing principles to obtain maximally dense\npackings of the Platonic and Archimedean solids, and certain smoothly-shaped\nconvex nonspherical particles [Torquato and Jiao, Phys. Rev. E 81, 041310\n(2010)]. Here we generalize them in order to guide one to ascertain the densest\npackings of other convex nonspherical particles as well as concave shapes. Our\ngeneralized organizing principles are explicitly stated as four distinct\npropositions. We apply and test all of these organizing principles to the most\ncomprehensive set of both convex and concave particle shapes to date, including\nCatalan solids, prisms, antiprisms, cylinders, dimers of spheres and various\nconcave polyhedra. We demonstrate that all of the densest known packings\nassociated with this wide spectrum of nonspherical particles are consistent\nwith our propositions. Among other applications, our general organizing\nprinciples enable us to construct analytically the densest known packings of\ncertain convex nonspherical particles, including spherocylinders, \"lens-shaped\"\nparticles, square pyramids and rhombic pyramids. Moreover, we show how to apply\nthese principles to infer the high-density equilibrium crystalline phases of\nhard convex and concave particles. We also discuss the unique packing\nattributes of maximally random jammed packings of nonspherical particles.",
        "positive": "First-passage method for the study of the efficiency of a two-channel\n  reaction on a lattice: We study the efficiency of a two-channel reaction between two walkers on a\nfinite one-dimensional periodic lattice. The walkers perform a combination of\nsynchronous and asynchronous jumps on the lattice and react instantaneously\nwhen they meet at the same site (first channel) or upon position exchange\n(second channel). We develop a method based on a conditional first-passage\nproblem to obtain exact results for the mean number of time steps needed for\nthe reaction to take place as well as for higher order moments. Previous\nresults obtained in the framework of a difference equation approach are fully\nconfirmed, including the existence of a parity effect. For even lattices the\nmaximum efficiency corresponds to a mixture of synchronous events and a small\namount of asynchronous events, while for odd lattices the reaction time is\nminimized by a purely synchronous process. We provide an intuitive explanation\nfor this behavior. In addition, we give explicit expressions for the variance\nof the reaction time. The latter displays a similar even-odd behavior,\nsuggesting that the parity effect extends to higher order moments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sandpile probabilities on triangular and hexagonal lattices: We consider the Abelian sandpile model on triangular and hexagonal lattices.\nWe compute several height probabilities on the full plane and on half-planes,\nand discuss some properties of the universality of the model.",
        "positive": "Variable-step-length algorithms for a random walk: hitting probability\n  and computation performance: We present a comparative study of several algorithms for an in-plane random\nwalk with a variable step. The goal is to check the efficiency of the algorithm\nin the case where the random walk terminates at some boundary. We recently\nfound that a finite step of the random walk produces a bias in the hitting\nprobability and this bias vanishes in the limit of an infinitesimal step.\nTherefore, it is important to know how a change in the step size of the random\nwalk influences the performance of simulations. We propose an algorithm with\nthe most effective procedure for the step-length-change protocol."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical fluctuations in spatial complex networks: An anomalous mean-field solution is known to capture the non trivial phase\ndiagram of the Ising model in annealed complex networks. Nevertheless the\ncritical fluctuations in random complex networks remain mean-field. Here we\nshow that a break-down of this scenario can be obtained when complex networks\nare embedded in geometrical spaces. Through the analysis of the Ising model on\nannealed spatial networks, we reveal in particular the spectral properties of\nnetworks responsible for critical fluctuations and we generalize the Ginsburg\ncriterion to complex topologies.",
        "positive": "Entropy production and work fluctuation relations for a single particle\n  in active bath: A colloidal particle immersed in a bath of bacteria is a typical example of a\npassive particle in an active bath. To model this, we take an overdamped\nharmonically trapped particle subjected to a thermal and a non-equilibrium\nnoise arising from the active bath. The harmonic well can be attributed to a\nlaser trap or to the small amplitude motion of the sedimented colloid at the\nbottom of the capillary. In the long time, the system reaches a non-equilibrium\nsteady state that can be described by an effective temperature. By adopting\nthis notion of effective temperature, we investigate whether fluctuation\nrelations for entropy hold. In addition, when subjected to a deterministic time\ndependent drag, we find that transient fluctuation theorem for work cannot be\napplied in conventional form. However, a steady state fluctuation relation for\nwork emerges out with a renormalized temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The generalized contact process with n absorbing states: We investigate the critical properties of a one dimensional stochastic\nlattice model with n (permutation symmetric) absorbing states. We analyze the\ncases with $n \\leq 4$ by means of the non-hermitian density matrix\nrenormalization group. For n=1 and n=2 we find that the model is respectively\nin the directed percolation and parity conserving universality class,\nconsistent with previous studies. For n=3 and n=4, the model is in the active\nphase in the whole parameter space and the critical point is shifted to the\nlimit of one infinite reaction rate. We show that in this limit the dynamics of\nthe model can be mapped onto that of a zero temperature n-state Potts model. On\nthe basis of our numerical and analytical results we conjecture that the model\nis in the same universality class for all $n \\geq 3$ with exponents $z =\n\\nu_\\|/\\nu_\\perp = 2$, $\\nu_\\perp = 1$ and $\\beta = 1$. These exponents\ncoincide with those of the multispecies (bosonic) branching annihilating random\nwalks. For n=3 we also show that, upon breaking the symmetry to a lower one\n($Z_2$), one gets a transition either in the directed percolation, or in the\nparity conserving class, depending on the choice of parameters.",
        "positive": "Emergent phase transition in Cluster Ising model with dissipation: We study a cluster Ising model with non-Hermitian external field which can be\nexactly solved in the language of free fermions. By investigating the second\nderivative of energy density and fidelity, the possible new critical points are\ntentatively located. String order parameter and staggered magnetization are\nthen detected to reveal emergent phases of brand new characteristics. To\ncategorize the exotic phases and phase transitions induced by non-Hermiticity,\nwe calculate the variation mode of spin correlation function as well as string\nparameter, which characterize the emergent phases and critical points with\ndifferent patterns of decay and critical exponents. With the help of string\norder parameter and staggered magnetization, we find that there are four phases\nafter introducing the non-Hermiticity -- the cluster phase, the gapless phase,\nthe paramagnetic (PM) phase and the antiferromagnetic (AF) phase. A phase\ndiagram is then presented to graphically illustrate, based on two \"KT-like\"\nphase transitions and an Ising phase transition, respectively, the generation\nof three critical lines as non-Hermitian strength increases. Our theoretical\nwork is expected to be realized in the experiment of ultra-cold atoms, pushing\nfor progress in exploring novel phases and phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of entanglement in the one-dimensional anisotropic XXZ model: The dynamics of entanglement in the one-dimensional spin-1/2 anisotropic XXZ\nmodel is studied using the quantum renormalization-group method. We obtain the\nanalytical expression of the concurrence, for two different quenching methods,\nit is found that initial state plays a key role in the evolution of system\nentanglement, i.e., the system returns completely to the initial state every\nother period. Our computations and analysis indicate that the first derivative\nof the characteristic time at which the concurrence reaches its maximum or\nminimum with respect to the anisotropic parameter occurs nonanalytic behaviors\nat the quantum critical point. Interestingly, the minimum value of the first\nderivative of the characteristic time versus the size of the system exhibits\nthe scaling behavior which is the same as the scaling behavior of the system\nground-state entanglement in equilibrium. In particular, the scaling behavior\nnear the critical point is independent of the initial state.",
        "positive": "Simulations: the dark side: This paper discusses the Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics methods. Both\nmethods are, in principle, simple. However, simple does not mean risk-free. In\nthe literature, many of the pitfalls in the field are mentioned, but usually as\na footnote - and these footnotes are scattered over many papers. The present\npaper focuses on the `dark side' of simulation: it is one big footnote. I\nshould stress that `dark', in this context, has no negative moral implication.\nIt just means: under-exposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Impossibility of the Existence of the Universal Density Functional: Using the virial theorem it is shown that the hypothesis of the existence of\nthe universal density functional is invalid.",
        "positive": "Stretched Polymers in a Poor Solvent: Stretched polymers with attractive interaction are studied in two and three\ndimensions. They are described by biased self-avoiding random walks with\nnearest neighbour attraction. The bias corresponds to opposite forces applied\nto the first and last monomers. We show that both in $d=2$ and $d=3$ a phase\ntransition occurs as this force is increased beyond a critical value, where the\npolymer changes from a collapsed globule to a stretched configuration. This\ntransition is second order in $d=2$ and first order in $d=3$. For $d=2$ we\npredict the transition point quantitatively from properties of the unstretched\npolymer. This is not possible in $d=3$, but even there we can estimate the\ntransition point precisely, and we can study the scaling at temperatures\nslightly below the collapse temperature of the unstretched polymer. We find\nvery large finite size corrections which would make very difficult the estimate\nof the transition point from straightforward simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-monotonic Dynamics in Frustrated Ising Model with Time-Dependent\n  Transverse Field: We study how the degree of ordering depends on the strength of the thermal\nand quantum fluctuations in frustrated systems by investigating the correlation\nfunction of the order parameter. Concretely, we compare the equilibrium spin\ncorrelation function in a frustrated lattice which exhibits a non-monotonic\ntemperature dependence (reentrant type dependence) with that in the ground\nstate as a function of the transverse field that causes the quantum\nfluctuation. We find the correlation function in the ground state also shows a\nnon-monotonic dependence on the strength of the transverse field. We also study\nthe real-time dynamics of the spin correlation function under a time-dependent\nfield. After sudden decrease of the temperature, we found non-monotonic changes\nof the correlation function reflecting the static temperature dependence, which\nindicates that an effective temperature of the system changes gradually. For\nthe quantum system, we study the dependence of changes of the correlation\nfunction on the sweeping speed of the transverse field. Contrary to the\nclassical case, the correlation function varies little in a rapid change of the\nfield, though it shows a non-monotonic change when we sweep the field slowly.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear analysis of the shearing instability in granular gases: It is known that a finite-size homogeneous granular fluid develops an\nhydrodynamic-like instability when dissipation crosses a threshold value. This\ninstability is analyzed in terms of modified hydrodynamic equations: first, a\nsource term is added to the energy equation which accounts for the energy\ndissipation at collisions and the phenomenological Fourier law is generalized\naccording to previous results. Second, a rescaled time formalism is introduced\nthat maps the homogeneous cooling state into a nonequilibrium steady state. A\nnonlinear stability analysis of the resulting equations is done which predicts\nthe appearance of flow patterns. A stable modulation of density and temperature\nis produced that does not lead to clustering. Also a global decrease of the\ntemperature is obtained, giving rise to a decrease of the collision frequency\nand dissipation rate. Good agreement with molecular dynamics simulations of\ninelastic hard disks is found for low dissipation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Experimental Realization of the Fuse Model of Crack Formation: In this work, we present an experimental investigation of the fuse model. Our\nmain goal was to study the influence of the disorder on the fracture process.\nThe experimental apparatus used consisted of an $L\\times L$ square lattice with\nfuses placed on each bond of the lattice. Two types of materials were used as\nfuses: copper and steel wool wires. The lattice composed only by copper wires\nvaried from a weakly disordered system to a strongly disordered one. The\nlattice formed only by steel wool wires corresponded to a strongly disordered\none. The experimental procedure consisted of applying a potential difference V\nto the lattice and measuring the respective current I. The characteristic\nfunction $I(V)$ obtained was investigated in order to find the scaling law\ndependence of the voltage and the current on the system size $L$ when the\ndisorder was changed. Our results show that the scaling laws are only verified\nfor the disordered regime.",
        "positive": "The true reinforced random walk with bias: We consider a self-attracting random walk in dimension d=1, in presence of a\nfield of strength s, which biases the walker toward a target site. We focus on\nthe dynamic case (true reinforced random walk), where memory effects are\nimplemented at each time step, differently from the static case, where memory\neffects are accounted for globally. We analyze in details the asymptotic\nlong-time behavior of the walker through the main statistical quantities (e.g.\ndistinct sites visited, end-to-end distance) and we discuss a possible mapping\nbetween such dynamic self-attracting model and the trapping problem for a\nsimple random walk, in analogy with the static model. Moreover, we find that,\nfor any s>0, the random walk behavior switches to ballistic and that field\neffects always prevail on memory effects without any singularity, already in\nd=1; this is in contrast with the behavior observed in the static model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Dual Gonihedric 3D Ising Model: We investigate the dual of the kappa=0 Gonihedric Ising model on a 3D cubic\nlattice, which may be written as an anisotropically coupled Ashkin-Teller\nmodel. The original kappa=0 Gonihedric model has a purely plaquette\ninteraction, displays a first order transition and possesses a highly\ndegenerate ground state.\n  We find that the dual model admits a similar large ground state degeneracy as\na result of the anisotropic couplings and investigate the coupled mean field\nequations for the model on a single cube. We also carry out Monte Carlo\nsimulations which confirm a first order phase transition in the model and\nsuggest that the ground state degeneracy persists throughout the low\ntemperature phase. Some exploratory cooling simulations also hint at\nnon-trivial dynamical behaviour.",
        "positive": "Progress in the Understanding of the Fluctuating Lattice Boltzmann\n  Equation: We give a brief account of the development of methods to include thermal\nfluctuations into lattice Boltzmann algorithms. Emphasis is put on our recent\nwork (Phys. Rev. E 76, 036704 (2007)) which provides a clear understanding in\nterms of statistical mechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical and geometric properties of magnetic polymers across the\n  globule-coil transition: We study a lattice model of a single magnetic polymer chain, where Ising\nspins are located on the sites of a lattice self-avoiding walk in $d=2$. We\nconsider the regime where both conformations and magnetic degrees of freedom\nare dynamic, thus the Ising model is defined on a dynamic lattice and\nconformations generate an annealed disorder. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we\ncharacterize the globule-coil and ferromaget-to-paramagnet transitions, which\noccur simultaneously at a critical value of the spin-spin coupling. We argue\nthat the transition is continuous - in contrast to $d=3$ where it is\nfirst-order. Our results suggest that at the transition the metric exponent\ntakes the theta-polymer value $\\nu=4/7$ but the crossover exponent $\\phi\n\\approx 0.7$, which differs from the expected value for a $\\theta$-polymer.",
        "positive": "Effective merging dynamics of two and three fluid vortices: Application\n  to two-dimensional decaying turbulence: We present a kinetic theory of two-dimensional decaying turbulence in the\ncontext of two-body and three-body vortex merging processes. By introducing the\nequations of motion for two or three vortices in the effective noise due to all\nthe other vortices, we demonstrate analytically that a two-body mechanism\nbecomes inefficient at low vortex density $n\\ll 1$. When the more efficient\nthree-body vortex mergings are considered {(involving vortices of different\nsigns)}, we show that $n\\sim t^{-\\xi}$, with $\\xi=1$. We generalize this\nargument to three-dimensional geostrophic turbulence, finding $\\xi=5/4$, in\nexcellent agreement with direct Navier-Stokes simulations [J.\\,C. McWilliams\n\\emph{et al.}, J. Fluid Mech. {\\bf 401}, 1 (1999)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Polaron formation as a genuine nonequilibrium phenomenon: Solitons and polarons at nonequilibrium steady states are investigated for\nthe spinless Takayama Lin-Liu Maki model. Polarons are found to be possible\n{\\it only out of equilibrium}. This polaron formation is a genuine\nnonequilibrium phenomenon, as there is a lower threshold current below which\nthey cannot exist. It is considered to be an example of microscopic dissipative\nstructure.",
        "positive": "Role of initial conditions in $1D$ diffusive systems: compressibility,\n  hyperuniformity and long-term memory: We analyse the long-lasting effects of initial conditions on fluctuations in\none-dimensional diffusive systems. We consider both the fluctuations of current\nfor non-interacting diffusive particles starting from a step-like initial\ndensity profile, and the mean-square displacement of tracers in homogeneous\nsystems with single-file diffusion. For these two cases, we show analytically\n(via the propagator and Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory, respectively) that the\nlong-term memory of initial conditions is mediated by a single static quantity:\na generalized compressibility that quantifies the density fluctuations of the\ninitial state. We thereby identify a universality class of hyperuniform initial\nstates whose dynamical variances coincide with the `quenched' cases studied\npreviously; we also describe a continuous family of other classes among which\nequilibrated (or `annealed') initial conditions are but one family member. We\nverify our predictions through extensive Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Localisation phase transition in cooperative stochastic resetting: Fluctuations in non-equilibrium systems accumulate over time. Stochastic\nresetting, where the state of a system is reset to extrinsically predefined\nconditions at random times, is a paradigm for studying the constraint of\nfluctuations. Here, we show that cooperative resetting in many-particle systems\ncan constrain fluctuations in a self-organized manner. We show that systems\nwhere pairs of particles are reset to their mean position exhibit phase\ntransitions between delocalized and localized states, which exhibit altered\nresponse and improved search behavior compared to extrinsic resetting.",
        "positive": "From naive to sophisticated behavior in multiagents based financial\n  market models: We discuss the behavior of two magnitudes, physical complexity and mutual\ninformation function of the outcome of a model of heterogeneous, inductive\nrational agents inspired in the El Farol Bar problem and the Minority Game. The\nfirst is a measure rooted in Kolmogorov-Chaitin theory and the second one a\nmeasure related with information entropy of Shannon.\n  We make extensive computer simulations, as result of which, we propose an\nansatz for physical complexity and establish the dependence of exponent of that\nansatz from the parameters of the model. We discuss the accuracy of our results\nand the relationship with the behavior of mutual information function as a\nmeasure of time correlations of agents choice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagram of noisy systems of coupled oscillators with a bimodal\n  frequency distribution: We study the properties of large systems of globally coupled oscillators in\nthe presence of noise. When the distribution of the natural frequencies of the\noscillators is bimodal and its analytical continuation in the complex plane has\nonly few poles in the lower half plane, the dynamics of the system, governed by\na Fokker-Planck equation for the single particle distribution function, can be\nreduced to a system of ordinary differential equations describing the dynamics\nof suitably defined order parameters, the first ones of which are related to\nthe usual synchronization order parameter. We obtain the full phase diagram of\nthe oscillator system, that shows a very rich behaviour, with regions\ncharacterized by synchronized states, regions with periodic states, and others\nwith bi-stability, associated to the presence of hysteresis. The latter\nphenomenon is confirmed by numerical simulations ot the full system of coupled\noscillators. We compare our results with those previously obtained for\nnoiseless systems, and we show that for increasing noise the phase diagram\nchanges qualitatively, tending to the simple diagram that is found for systems\nwith unimodal frequency distributions.",
        "positive": "On the scaling properties of (2+1) directed polymers in the high\n  temperature limit: In this paper in terms of the replica method we consider the high temperature\nlimit of (2+1) directed polymers in a random potential and propose an approach\nwhich allows to compute the scaling exponent $\\theta$ of the free energy\nfluctuations as well as the left tail of its probability distribution function.\nIt is argued that $\\theta = 1/2$ which is different from the zero-temperature\nnumerical value which is close to 0.241. This result implies that unlike the\n$(1+1)$ system in the two-dimensional case the free energy scaling exponent is\nnon-universal being temperature dependent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimization of the residence time of a Brownian particle in a spherical\n  subdomain: In this communication, we show that the residence time of a Brownian\nparticle, defined as the cumulative time spent in a given region of space, can\nbe optimized as a function of the diffusion coefficient. We discuss the\nrelevance of this effect to several schematic experimental situations,\nclassified in the nature -- random or deterministic -- both of the observation\ntime and of the starting position of the Brownian particle.",
        "positive": "One and two-dimensional quantum models: quenches and the scaling of\n  irreversible entropy: Using the scaling relation of the ground state quantum fidelity, we propose\nthe most generic scaling relations of the irreversible work (the residual\nenergy) of a closed quantum system at absolute zero temperature when one of the\nparameters of its Hamiltonian is suddenly changed; we consider two extreme\nlimits namely, the heat susceptibility limit and the thermodynamic limit. It is\nthen argued that the irreversible entropy generated for a thermal quench at low\nenough temperature when the system is initially in a Gibbs state, is likely to\nshow a similar scaling behavior. To illustrate this proposition, we consider\nzero-temperature and thermal quenches in one and two-dimensional Dirac\nHamiltonians where the exact estimation of the irreversible work and the\nirreversible entropy is indeed possible. Exploiting these exact results, we\nthen establish: (i) the irreversible work at zero temperature indeed shows an\nappropriate scaling in the thermodynamic limit; (ii) the scaling of the\nirreversible work in the 1D Dirac model at zero-temperature shows logarithmic\ncorrections to the scaling which is a signature of a marginal situation. (iii)\nFurthermore, remarkably the logarithmic corrections do indeed appear in the\nscaling of the entropy generated if temperature is low enough while disappears\nfor high temperatures. For the 2D model, no such logarithmic correction is\nfound to appear."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A dislocation-dipole in one dimensional lattice model: A family of equilibria corresponding to dislocation-dipole, with variable\nseparation between the two dislocations of opposite sign, is constructed in a\none dimensional lattice model. A suitable path connecting certain members of\nthis family is found which exhibits the familiar Peierls relief. A landscape\nfor the variation of energy has been presented to highlight certain sequential\ntransition between these equilibria that allows an interpretation in terms of\nquasi-statically separating pair of dislocations of opposite sign from the\nviewpoint of closely related Frenkel-Kontorova model. Closed form expressions\nare provided for the case of a piecewise-quadratic potential wherein an\nanalysis of the effect of an intermediate spinodal region is included.",
        "positive": "Critical Discussion of \"Synchronized Flow\", Simulation of Pedestrian\n  Evacuation, and Optimization of Production Processes: We critically discuss the concept of ``synchronized flow'' from a historical,\nempirical, and theoretical perspective. Problems related to the measurement of\nvehicle data are highlighted, and questionable interpretations are identified.\nMoreover, we propose a quantitative and consistent theory of the empirical\nfindings based on a phase diagram of congested traffic states, which is\nuniversal for all conventional traffic models having the same instability\ndiagram and a fundamental diagram. New empirical and simulation data supporting\nthis approach are presented as well. We also give a short overview of the\nvarious phenomena observed in panicking pedestrian crowds relevant from the\npoint of evacuation of buildings, ships, and stadia. Some of these can be\napplied to the optimization of production processes, e.g. the\n``slower-is-faster effect''."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comments on the entropy of seismic electric signals under time reversal: We present recent data of electric signals detected at the Earth's surface,\nwhich confirm the earlier finding [Phys. Rev. E 73, 031114 (2006)] that the\nvalue of the entropy in natural time as well as its value under time reversal\nare smaller than that of the entropy of a ``uniform'' distribution.\nFurthermore, we show that the scale dependence of the fluctuations of the\nnatural time itself under time reversal provides a useful tool for the\ndiscrimination of seismic electric signals (critical dynamics) from noises\nemitted from manmade sources as well as for the determination of the scaling\nexponent.",
        "positive": "Efficiency at and near Maximum Power of Low-Dissipation Heat Engines: A new universality in optimization of trade-off between power and efficiency\nfor low-dissipation Carnot cycles is presented. It is shown that any trade-off\nmeasure expressible in terms of efficiency and the ratio of power to its\nmaximum value can be optimized independently of most details of the dynamics\nand of the coupling to thermal reservoirs. The result is demonstrated on two\nspecific trade-off measures. The first one is designed for finding optimal\nefficiency for a given output power and clearly reveals diseconomy of engines\nworking at maximum power. As the second example we derive universal lower and\nupper bounds on the efficiency at maximum trade-off given by the product of\npower and efficiency. The results are illustrated on a model of a\ndiffusion-based heat engine. Such engines operate in the low-dissipation regime\ngiven that the used driving minimizes the work dissipated during the isothermal\nbranches. The peculiarities of the corresponding optimization procedure are\nreviewed and thoroughly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Occupancy correlations in the asymmetric simple inclusion process: The asymmetric simple inclusion process (ASIP) --- a lattice-gas model for\nunidirectional transport with irreversible aggregation --- has been proposed as\nan inclusion counterpart of the asymmetric simple exclusion process and as a\nbatch service counterpart of the tandem Jackson network. To date, analytical\ntractability of the model has been limited: while the average particle density\nin the model is easy to compute, very little is known about its joint occupancy\ndistribution. To partially bridge this gap, we study occupancy correlations in\nthe ASIP. We take an analytical approach to this problem and derive an exact\nformula for the covariance matrix of the steady-state occupancy vector. We\nverify the validity of this formula numerically in small ASIP systems, where\nMonte-Carlo simulations can provide reliable estimates for correlations in\nreasonable time, and further use it to draw a comprehensive picture of spatial\noccupancy correlations in ASIP systems of arbitrary size.",
        "positive": "A Position-Space Renormalization-Group Approach for Driven Diffusive\n  Systems Applied to the Asymmetric Exclusion Model: This paper introduces a position-space renormalization-group approach for\nnonequilibrium systems and applies the method to a driven stochastic\none-dimensional gas with open boundaries. The dynamics are characterized by\nthree parameters: the probability $\\alpha$ that a particle will flow into the\nchain to the leftmost site, the probability $\\beta$ that a particle will flow\nout from the rightmost site, and the probability $p$ that a particle will jump\nto the right if the site to the right is empty. The renormalization-group\nprocedure is conducted within the space of these transition probabilities,\nwhich are relevant to the system's dynamics. The method yields a critical point\nat $\\alpha_c=\\beta_c=1/2$,in agreement with the exact values, and the critical\nexponent $\\nu=2.71$, as compared with the exact value $\\nu=2.00$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lyapunov instability of rigid diatomic molecules in three dimensions - a\n  simpler method: We present a new method to calculate Lyapunov exponents of rigid diatomic\nmolecules in three dimensions (12N dimensional phase space). The spectra of\nLyapunov exponents are obtained for 32 rigid diatomic molecules interacting\nthrough the Weeks-Chandler-Anderson(WCA) potential for various bond length and\ndensities, and compared with those in Y.-H. Shin et al. [Phys. Rev. E 64,\n041106 (2001)]. Our algorithm is easy to implement and total CPU time is\nrelatively inexpensive.",
        "positive": "Fundamental relation between entropy production and heat current: We investigate the fundamental relation between entropy production rate and\nthe speed of energy exchange between a system and baths in classical Markov\nprocesses. We establish the fact that quick energy exchange inevitably induces\nlarge entropy production in a quantitative form. More specifically, we prove\ntwo inequalities on instantaneous quantities: One is applicable to general\nMarkov processes induced by heat baths, and the other is applicable only to\nsystems with the local detailed-balance condition but is stronger than the\nformer one. We demonstrate the physical meaning of our result by applying to\nsome specific setups. In particular, we show that our inequalities are tight in\nthe linear response regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of information erasure and extension of Landauer's bound to\n  fast processes: Using a double-well potential as a physical memory, we study with experiments\nand numerical simulations the energy exchanges during erasure processes, and\nmodel quantitatively the cost of fast operation. Within the stochastic\nthermodynamics framework we find the origins of the overhead to Landauer's\nBound required for fast operations: in the overdamped regime this term mainly\ncomes from the dissipation, while in the underdamped regime it stems from the\nheating of the memory. Indeed, the system is thermalized with its environment\nat all time during quasi-static protocols, but for fast ones, the inefficient\nheat transfer to the thermostat is delayed with respect to the work influx,\nresulting in a transient temperature rise. The warming, quantitatively\ndescribed by a comprehensive statistical physics description of the erasure\nprocess, is noticeable on both the kinetic and potential energy: they no longer\ncomply with equipartition. The mean work and heat to erase the information\ntherefore increase accordingly. They are both bounded by an effective\nLandauer's limit $k_B T_{eff} \\ln{2}$, where $T_{eff}$ is a weighted average of\nthe actual temperature of the memory during the process.",
        "positive": "Transport properties of L\u00e9vy walks: an analysis in terms of multistate\n  processes: Continuous time random walks combining diffusive and ballistic regimes are\nintroduced to describe a class of L\\'evy walks on lattices. By including\nexponentially-distributed waiting times separating the successive jump events\nof a walker, we are led to a description of such L\\'evy walks in terms of\nmultistate processes whose time-evolution is shown to obey a set of coupled\ndelay differential equations. Using simple arguments, we obtain asymptotic\nsolutions to these equations and rederive the scaling laws for the mean squared\ndisplacement of such processes. Our calculation includes the computation of all\nrelevant transport coefficients in terms of the parameters of the models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transitions in Systems with Aggregation and Shattering: We consider a system of clusters made of elementary building blocks,\nmonomers, and evolving via collisions between diffusing monomers and immobile\ncomposite clusters. In our model, the cluster-monomer collision can lead to the\nattachment of the monomer to the cluster (addition process) or to the total\nbreak-up of the cluster (shattering process). A phase transition, separating\nqualitatively different behaviors, occurs when the probability of shattering\nevents exceeds a certain threshold. The novel feature of the phase transition\nis the dramatic dependence on the initial conditions.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic bounds on equilibrium fluctuations of a global or local\n  order parameter: We analyze thermodynamic bounds on equilibrium fluctuations of an order\nparameter, which are analogous to relations, which have been derived recently\nin the context of non-equilibrium fluctuations of currents. We discuss the case\nof {\\it global} fluctuations when the order parameter is measured in the full\nsystem of interest, and {\\it local} fluctuations, when the order parameter is\nevaluated only in a sub-part of the system. Using isometric fluctuation\ntheorems, we derive thermodynamic bounds on the fluctuations of the order\nparameter in both cases. These bounds could be used to infer the value of\nsymmetry breaking field or the relative size of the observed sub-system to the\nfull system from {\\it local} fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solutions for KPZ-type growth processes, random matrices, and\n  equilibrium shapes of crystals: Three models from statistical physics can be analyzed by employing space-time\ndeterminantal processes: (1) crystal facets, in particular the statistical\nproperties of the facet edge, and equivalently tilings of the plane, (2)\none-dimensional growth processes in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class\nand directed last passage percolation, (3) random matrices, multi-matrix\nmodels, and Dyson's Brownian motion. We explain the method and survey results\nof physical interest.",
        "positive": "The $D(D_{3})$-anyon chain: integrable boundary conditions and\n  excitation spectra: Chains of interacting non-Abelian anyons with local interactions invariant\nunder the action of the Drinfeld double of the dihedral group $D_3$ are\nconstructed. Formulated as a spin chain the Hamiltonians are generated from\ncommuting transfer matrices of an integrable vertex model for periodic and\nbraided as well as open boundaries. A different anyonic model with the same\nlocal Hamiltonian is obtained within the fusion path formulation. This model is\nshown to be related to an integrable fusion interaction round the face model.\nBulk and surface properties of the anyon chain are computed from the Bethe\nequations for the spin chain. The low energy effective theories and operator\ncontent of the models (in both the spin chain and fusion path formulation) are\nidentified from analytical and numerical studies of the finite size spectra.\nFor all boundary conditions considered the continuum theory is found to be a\nproduct of two conformal field theories. Depending on the coupling constants\nthe factors can be a $Z_4$ parafermion or a $\\mathcal{M}_{(5,6)}$ minimal\nmodel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analysis of autocorrelation times in Neural Markov Chain Monte Carlo\n  simulations: We provide a deepened study of autocorrelations in Neural Markov Chain Monte\nCarlo (NMCMC) simulations, a version of the traditional Metropolis algorithm\nwhich employs neural networks to provide independent proposals. We illustrate\nour ideas using the two-dimensional Ising model. We discuss several estimates\nof autocorrelation times in the context of NMCMC, some inspired by analytical\nresults derived for the Metropolized Independent Sampler (MIS). We check their\nreliability by estimating them on a small system where analytical results can\nalso be obtained. Based on the analytical results for MIS we propose a new loss\nfunction and study its impact on the autocorelation times. Although, this\nfunction's performance is a bit inferior to the traditional Kullback-Leibler\ndivergence, it offers two training algorithms which in some situations may be\nbeneficial. By studying a small, $4 \\times 4$, system we gain access to the\ndynamics of the training process which we visualize using several observables.\nFurthermore, we quantitatively investigate the impact of imposing global\ndiscrete symmetries of the system in the neural network training process on the\nautocorrelation times. Eventually, we propose a scheme which incorporates\npartial heat-bath updates which considerably improves the quality of the\ntraining. The impact of the above enhancements is discussed for a $16 \\times\n16$ spin system. The summary of our findings may serve as a guidance to the\nimplementation of Neural Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations for more\ncomplicated models.",
        "positive": "Lattice Gas Analogue Of SK Model: A paradigm for the glass transition: We investigate the connection between the well known Sherrington-Kirkpatrick\nIsing Spin Glass and the corresponding Lattice Gas model by analyzing the\nrelation between their thermodynamical functions. We present results of replica\napproach in the Replica Symmetric approximation and discuss its stability as a\nfunction of temperature and external source. Next we examine the effects of\nfirst order Replica Symmetry Breaking at zero temperature. We finally compare\nSK results with ours and suggest how the latter could be relevant to a\ndescription of the structural glass transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inhomogeneous coherent states in small-world networks: application to\n  the functional brain networks: We study the dynamics of the processes in the small-world networks with a\npower-law degree distribution where every node is considered to be in one of\nthe two available statuses. We present an algorithm for generation of such\nnetwork and determine analytically a temporal dependence of the network nodes\ndegrees and using the maximum entropy principle we define a degree distribution\nof the network. We discuss the results of the Ising discrete model for\nsmall-world networks and in the framework of the continuous approach using the\nprinciple of least action, we derive an equation of motion for the order\nparameter in these networks in the form of a fractional differential equation.\nThe obtained equation enables the description of the problem of a spontaneous\nsymmetry breaking in the system and determination of the spatio-temporal\ndependencies of the order parameter in varies stable phases of the system. In\nthe cases of one and two component order parameters with taken into account\nmajor and secondary order parameters we obtain analytical solutions of the\nequation of motion for the order parameters and determine solutions for various\nregimes of the system functioning. We apply the obtained results to the\ndescription of the processes in the brain and discuss the problems of emergence\nof mind.",
        "positive": "Area-Law Study of Quantum Spin System on Hyperbolic Lattice Geometries: Magnetic properties of the transverse-field Ising model on curved\n(hyperbolic) lattices are studied by a tensor product variational formulation\nthat we have generalized for this purpose. First, we identify the quantum phase\ntransition for each hyperbolic lattice by calculating the magnetization. We\nstudy the entanglement entropy at the phase transition in order to analyze the\ncorrelations of various subsystems located at the center with the rest of the\nlattice. We confirm that the entanglement entropy satisfies the area law at the\nphase transition for fixed coordination number, i.e., it scales linearly with\nthe increasing size of the subsystems. On the other hand, the entanglement\nentropy decreases as power-law with respect to the increasing coordination\nnumber."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical correlations in a glass-former with randomly pinned particles: The effects of randomly pinning particles in a model glass-forming fluid are\nstudied, with a focus on the dynamically heterogeneous relaxation in the\npresence of pinning. We show how four-point dynamical correlations can be\nanalysed in real space, allowing direct extraction of a length scale that\ncharacterises dynamical heterogeneity. In the presence of pinning, the\nrelaxation time of the glassy system increases by up to two decades, but there\nis almost no increase in either the four-point correlation length or the\nstrength of the four-point correlations. We discuss the implications of these\nresults for theories of the glass transition.",
        "positive": "Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity in Amorphous Semiconductors: By invoking the microscopic response method in conjunction with a reasonable\nset of approximations, we obtain new explicit expressions for the electrical\nconductivity and temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) in amorphous\nsemiconductors, especially a-Si:H and a-Ge:H. The predicted TCR for n-doped\na-Si:H and a-Ge:H is in agreement with experiments. The conductivity from the\ntransitions from a localized state to an extended state (LE) is comparable to\nthat from the transitions between two localized states (LL). This resolves a\nlong-standing anomaly, a \"kink\" in the experimental $\\log_{10}\\sigma $ vs.\nT$^{-1}$ curve."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lyapunov exponents of stochastic systems---from micro to macro: Lyapunov exponents of dynamical systems are defined from the rates of\ndivergence of nearby trajectories. For stochastic systems, one typically\nassumes that these trajectories are generated under the \"same noise\nrealization\". The purpose of this work is to critically examine what this\nexpression means. For Brownian particles, we consider two natural\ninterpretations of the noise: intrinsic to the particles or stemming from the\nfluctuations of the environment. We show how they lead to different\ndistributions of the largest Lyapunov exponent as well as different fluctuating\nhydrodynamics for the collective density field. We discuss, both at microscopic\nand macroscopic levels, the limits in which these noise prescriptions become\nequivalent. We close this paper by providing an estimate of the largest\nLyapunov exponent and of its fluctuations for interacting particles evolving\nwith the Dean-Kawasaki dynamics.",
        "positive": "Detecting subtle macroscopic changes in a finite temperature classical\n  scalar field with machine learning: The ability to detect macroscopic changes is important for probing the\nbehaviors of experimental many-body systems from the classical to the quantum\nrealm. Although abrupt changes near phase boundaries can easily be detected,\nsubtle macroscopic changes are much more difficult to detect as the changes can\nbe obscured by noise. In this study, as a toy model for detecting subtle\nmacroscopic changes in many-body systems, we try to differentiate scalar field\nsamples at varying temperatures. We compare different methods for making such\ndifferentiations, from physics method, statistics method, to AI method. Our\nfinding suggests that the AI method outperforms both the statistical method and\nthe physics method in its sensitivity. Our result provides a proof-of-concept\nthat AI can potentially detect macroscopic changes in many-body systems that\nelude physical measures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiplicative noise induced bistability and stochastic resonance: Stochastic resonance is a well established phenomenon, which proves relevant\nfor a wide range of applications, of broad trans-disciplinary breath. Consider\na one dimensional bistable stochastic system, characterized by a deterministic\ndouble well potential and shaken by an additive noise source. When subject to\nan external periodic drive, and for a proper choice of the noise strength, the\nsystem swings regularly between the two existing deterministic fixed points,\nwith just one switch for each oscillation of the imposed forcing term. This\nresonant condition can be exploited to unravel weak periodic signals, otherwise\ninaccessible to conventional detectors. Here, we will set to revisit the\nstochastic resonance concept by operating in a modified framework where\nbistability is induced by the nonlinear nature of the multiplicative noise. A\ncandidate model is in particular introduced which fulfils the above\nrequirements while allowing for analytical progress to be made. Working with\nreference to this case study, we elaborate on the conditions for the onset of\nthe generalized stochastic resonance mechanism. As a byproduct of the analysis,\na novel resonant regime is also identified which displays no lower bound for\nthe frequencies that can be resolved, at variance with the traditional setting.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation relations and rare realizations of transport observables: Fluctuation relations establish rigorous identities for the nonequilibrium\naverages of observables. Starting from a general transport master equation with\ntime-dependent rates, we employ the stochastic path integral approach to study\nstatistical fluctuations around such averages. We show how under nonequilibrium\nconditions, rare realizations of transport observables are crucial and imply\nmassive fluctuations that may completely mask such identities. Quantitative\nestimates for these fluctuations are provided. We illustrate our results on the\nparadigmatic example of a mesoscopic RC circuit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Quantum Transverse Field Ising Model on an Infinite Tree from Matrix\n  Product States: We give a generalization to an infinite tree geometry of Vidal's infinite\ntime-evolving block decimation (iTEBD) algorithm for simulating an infinite\nline of quantum spins. We numerically investigate the quantum Ising model in a\ntransverse field on the Bethe lattice using the Matrix Product State ansatz. We\nobserve a second order phase transition, with certain key differences from the\ntransverse field Ising model on an infinite spin chain. We also investigate a\ntransverse field Ising model with a specific longitudinal field. When the\ntransverse field is turned off, this model has a highly degenerate ground state\nas opposed to the pure Ising model whose ground state is only doubly\ndegenerate.",
        "positive": "An all-optical nanomechanical heat engine: We propose and theoretically investigate a nanomechanical heat engine. We\nshow how a levitated nanoparticle in a harmonic optical trap inside an optical\ncavity can be used to realize a Stirling cycle in the underdamped regime. The\nall-optical approach enables fast and exible control of all the thermodynamical\nparameters and the effcient optimization of the performance of the engine. We\ndevelop a systematic optimization procedure to determine optimal driving\nprotocols. We further perform numerical simulations with realistic parameters\nand evaluate the maximum power and the corresponding effciency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Directed transport in equilibrium: We investigate a symmetry broken dimer constrained to move in a particular\ndirection when in contact with a heat-bath at a constant temperature. The dimer\nis not driven by any external force. The system gains kinetic energy from the\nheat-bath. The symmetry broken system can use this energy in directed\ntransport. At the hard core collision limit between the particles of the dimer,\nwe show by exact analytic calculations and complementary numerical results that\nthe dimer undergoes steady directed transport. Our observation, being\nconsistent with the {\\it second law of thermodynamics}, {\\it detailed balance}\netc leads to new physical understanding to which much attention has not been\npaid.",
        "positive": "Self-diffusion in granular gases: An impact of particles' roughness: An impact of particles' roughness on the self-diffusion coefficient in\ngranular gases is investigated. For a simplified collision model where the\nnormal and tangential restitution coefficients are assumed to be constant we\ndevelop an analytical theory for the diffusion coefficient, which takes into\naccount non-Maxwellain form of the velocity-angular velocity distribution\nfunction. We perform molecular dynamics simulations for a gas in a homogeneous\ncooling state and study the dependence of the self-diffusion coefficient on\nrestitution coefficients. Our theoretical results are in a good agreement with\nthe simulation data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of ranking processes in small-world networks: In the paper we discuss the dynamics of the order parameter in complex\nnetworks with long-range space interactions and temporal memory and analyze\nphase transitions induced by noise in such systems.",
        "positive": "Large deviations of Lyapunov exponents: Generic dynamical systems have `typical' Lyapunov exponents, measuring the\nsensitivity to small perturbations of almost all trajectories. A generic system\nhas also trajectories with exceptional values of the exponents, corresponding\nto unusually stable or chaotic situations. From a more mathematical point of\nview, large deviations of Lyapunov exponents characterize phase-space\ntopological structures such as separatrices, homoclinic trajectories and\ndegenerate tori. Numerically sampling such large deviations using the Lyapunov\nWeighted\n  Dynamics allows one to pinpoint, for example, stable configurations in\ncelestial mechanics or collections of interacting chaotic `breathers' in\nnonlinear media. Furthermore, we show that this numerical method allows one to\ncompute the topological pressure of extended dynamical systems, a central\nquantity in the Thermodynamic of Trajectories of Ruelle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Eigenvector statistics of the product of Ginibre matrices: We develop a method to calculate left-right eigenvector correlations of the\nproduct of $m$ independent $N\\times N$ complex Ginibre matrices. For\nillustration, we present explicit analytical results for the vector overlap for\na couple of examples for small $m$ and $N$. We conjecture that the integrated\noverlap between left and right eigenvectors is given by the formula $O = 1 +\n(m/2)(N-1)$ and support this conjecture by analytical and numerical\ncalculations. We derive an analytical expression for the limiting correlation\ndensity as $N\\rightarrow \\infty$ for the product of Ginibre matrices as well as\nfor the product of elliptic matrices. In the latter case, we find that the\ncorrelation function is independent of the eccentricities of the elliptic laws.",
        "positive": "A general theory for irreversible thermodynamics: We demonstrate that irreversibility arises from the principle of microscopic\nreversibility and the presence of memory in the time evolution of a single copy\nof a system driven by a protocol. We introduce microscopic reversibility by\nusing the concept of protocol- and pathway-dependent thermodynamic function, as\ndefined in J.R. Arias-Gonzalez, arXiv:1511.08017 [cond-mat.stat-mech], and\nmemory by using the concept of non-Markovianity, as in J.R. Arias-Gonzalez,\narXiv:1511.06139 [cond-mat.stat-mech]. We define work as the change in free\nenergy and heat as the change in entropy for micoscopic, individual pathways of\na system subject to a protocol. We find that all non-equilibrium statistics\nemerge naturally. In particular, we derive most known fluctuation theorems and\nformulate two others. While the conservation of energy is invoked both at the\nlevel of the individual pathway and in ensemble-average processes, the second\nlaw of thermodynamics and the time arrow, which are only fulfilled in\nensemble-average processes, are shown to be consequences of microscopic\nreversibility and non-Markovianity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact finite-dimensional reduction for a population of noisy oscillators\n  and its link to Ott-Antonsen and Watanabe-Strogatz theories: Populations of globally coupled phase oscillators are described in the\nthermodynamic limit by kinetic equations for the distribution densities, or\nequivalently, by infinite hierarchies of equations for the order parameters.\nOtt and Antonsen [Chaos 18, 037113 (2008)] have found an invariant\nfinite-dimensional subspace on which the dynamics is described by one complex\nvariable per population. For oscillators with Cauchy distributed frequencies or\nfor those driven by Cauchy white noise, this subspace is weakly stable and thus\ndescribes the asymptotic dynamics. Here we report on an exact\nfinite-dimensional reduction of the dynamics outside of the Ott-Antonsen\nsubspace. We show, that the evolution from generic initial states can be\nreduced to that of three complex variables, plus a constant function. For\nidentical noise-free oscillators, this reduction corresponds to the\nWatanabe-Strogatz system of equations [Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2391 (1993)]. We\ndiscuss how the reduced system can be used to explore the transient dynamics of\nperturbed ensembles.",
        "positive": "Instanton Solution of a Nonlinear Potential in Finite Size: The Euclidean path integral method is applied to a quantum tunneling model\nwhich accounts for finite size ($L$) effects. The general solution of the Euler\nLagrange equation for the double well potential is found in terms of Jacobi\nelliptic functions. The antiperiodic instanton interpolates between the\npotential minima at any finite $L$ inside the quantum regime and generalizes\nthe well known (anti)kink solution of the infinite size case. The derivation of\nthe functional determinant, stemming from the quantum fluctuation contribution,\nis given in detail. The explicit formula for the finite size semiclassical path\nintegral is presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ott-Antonsen ansatz is the only admissible truncation of a circular\n  cumulant series: The cumulant representation is common in classical statistical physics for\nvariables on the real line and the issue of closures of cumulant expansions is\nwell elaborated. The case of phase variables significantly differs from the\ncase of linear ones; the relevant order parameters are the Kuramoto-Daido ones\nbut not the conventional moments. One can formally introduce `circular'\ncumulants for Kuramoto-Daido order parameters, similar to the conventional\ncumulants for moments. The circular cumulant expansions allow to advance beyond\nthe Ott-Antonsen theory and consider populations of real oscillators. First, we\nshow that truncation of circular cumulant expansions, except for the\nOtt-Antonsen case, is forbidden. Second, we compare this situation to the case\nof the Gaussian distribution of a linear variable, where the second cumulant is\nnonzero and all the higher cumulants are zero, and elucidate why keeping up to\nthe second cumulant is admissible for a linear variable, but forbidden for\ncircular cumulants. Third, we discuss the implication of this truncation issue\nto populations of quadratic integrate-and-fire neurons [E. Montbri\\'o, D.\nPaz\\'o, A. Roxin, Phys. Rev. X, vol. 5, 021028 (2015)], where within the\nframework of macroscopic description, the firing rate diverges for any finite\ntruncation of the cumulant series, and discuss how one should handle these\nsituations. Fourth, we consider the cumulant-based low-dimensional reductions\nfor macroscopic population dynamics in the context of this truncation issue.\nThese reductions are applicable, where the cumulant series exponentially decay\nwith the cumulant order, i.e., they form a geometric progression hierarchy.\nFifth, we demonstrate the formation of this hierarchy for generic distributions\non the circle and experimental data for coupled biological and electrochemical\noscillators.",
        "positive": "n-vicinity method for Ising Model with long-range interaction: The previously developed n-vicinity method allows us to calculate accurately\ncritical values of inverse temperatures for Ising models with short-range\ninteraction. We generalize the method to the case of long-range interactions in\nspin systems and obtain theoretical formulas for the inverse temperatures in\nterms of the spin interaction constants. The comparison of our theoretical\nestimates with computer simulations for the two- and three-dimensional Ising\nmodels shows that the larger the dimension of the problem the better their\nagreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pokrovsky-Talapov Model at finite temperature: a renormalization-group\n  analysis: We calculate the finite-temperature shift of the critical wavevector $Q_{c}$\nof the Pokrovsky-Talapov model using a renormalization-group analysis.\nSeparating the Hamiltonian into a part that is renormalized and one that is\nnot, we obtain the flow equations for the stiffness and an arbitrary potential.\nWe then specialize to the case of a cosine potential, and compare our results\nto well-known results for the sine-Gordon model, to which our model reduces in\nthe limit of vanishing driving wavevector Q=0. Our results may be applied to\ndescribe the commensurate-incommensurate phase transition in several physical\nsystems and allow for a more realistic comparison with experiments, which are\nalways carried out at a finite temperature.",
        "positive": "Avoided criticality and slow relaxation in frustrated two dimensional\n  models: Frustration and the associated phenomenon of \"avoided criticality\" have been\nproposed as an explanation for the dramatic relaxation slowdown in\nglass-forming liquids. To test this, we have undertaken a Monte-Carlo study of\npossibly the simplest such problem, the 2-dimensional XY model with frustration\ncorresponding to a small flux, $f$, per plaquette. At $f=0$, there is a\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition at $T^*$, but at any small but\nnon-zero $f$, this transition is avoided, and replaced (presumably) by a\nvortex-ordering transition at much lower temperatures. We thus have studied the\nevolution of the dynamics for small and moderate $f$ as the system is cooled\nfrom above $T^*$ to below. While we do find strongly temperature dependent\nslowing of the dynamics as $T$ crosses $T^*$, and that simultaneously the\ndynamics becomes more complex, neither effect is anywhere nearly as dramatic as\nthe corresponding phenomena in glass-forming liquids. At the very least, this\nimplies that the properties of supercooled liquids must depend on more than\nfrustration and the existence of an avoided transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Macroscopic Stochastic Thermodynamics: Starting at the mesoscopic level with a general formulation of stochastic\nthermodynamics in terms of Markov jump processes, we identify the scaling\nconditions that ensure the emergence of a (typically nonlinear) deterministic\ndynamics and an extensive thermodynamics at the macroscopic level. We then use\nlarge deviations theory to build a macroscopic fluctuation theory around this\ndeterministic behavior, which we show preserves the fluctuation theorem. For\nmany systems (e.g. chemical reaction networks, electronic circuits, Potts\nmodels), this theory does not coincide with Langevin-equation approaches\n(obtained by adding Gaussian white noise to the deterministic dynamics) which,\nif used, are thermodynamically inconsistent. Einstein-Onsager theory of\nGaussian fluctuations and irreversible thermodynamics are recovered at\nequilibrium and close to it, respectively. Far from equilibirum, the free\nenergy is replaced by the dynamically generated quasi-potential (or\nself-information) which is a Lyapunov function for the macroscopic dynamics.\nRemarkably, thermodynamics connects the dissipation along deterministic and\nescape trajectories to the Freidlin-Wentzell quasi-potential, thus constraining\nthe transition rates between attractors induced by rare fluctuations. A\ncoherent perspective on minimum and maximum entropy production principles is\nalso provided. For systems that admit a continuous-space limit, we derive a\nnonequilibrium fluctuating field theory with its associated thermodynamics.\nFinally, we coarse grain the macroscopic stochastic dynamics into a Markov jump\nprocess describing transitions among deterministic attractors and formulate the\nstochastic thermodynamics emerging from it.",
        "positive": "KPZ modes in $d$-dimensional directed polymers: We define a stochastic lattice model for a fluctuating directed polymer in\n$d\\geq 2$ dimensions. This model can be alternatively interpreted as a\nfluctuating random path in 2 dimensions, or a one-dimensional asymmetric simple\nexclusion process with $d-1$ conserved species of particles. The deterministic\nlarge dynamics of the directed polymer are shown to be given by a system of\ncoupled Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equations and diffusion equations. Using\nnon-linear fluctuating hydrodynamics and mode coupling theory we argue that\nstationary fluctuations in any dimension $d$ can only be of KPZ type or\ndiffusive. The modes are pure in the sense that there are only subleading\ncouplings to other modes, thus excluding the occurrence of modified\nKPZ-fluctuations or L\\'evy-type fluctuations which are common for more than one\nconservation law. The mode-coupling matrices are shown to satisfy the so-called\ntrilinear condition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rare-Event Sampling: Occupation-Based Performance Measures for Parallel\n  Tempering and Infinite Swapping Monte Carlo Methods: In the present paper we identify a rigorous property of a number of\ntempering-based Monte Carlo sampling methods, including parallel tempering as\nwell as partial and infinite swapping. Based on this property we develop a\nvariety of performance measures for such rare-event sampling methods that are\nbroadly applicable, informative, and straightforward to implement. We\nillustrate the use of these performance measures with a series of applications\ninvolving the equilibrium properties of simple Lennard-Jones clusters,\napplications for which the performance levels of partial and infinite swapping\napproaches are found to be higher than those of conventional parallel\ntempering.",
        "positive": "Inelastic light scattering from a Mott insulator: We propose to use Bragg spectroscopy to measure the excitation spectrum of\nthe Mott insulator state of an atomic Bose gas in an optical lattice. We\ncalculate the structure factor of the Mott insulator taking into account both\nthe selfenergy corrections of the atoms and the corresponding dressing of the\natom-photon interaction. We determine the scattering rate of photons in the\nstimulated Raman transition and show that by measuring this scattering rate in\nan experiment, in particular the excitation gap of the Mott insulator can be\ndetermined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Group entropies, correlation laws and zeta functions: The notion of group entropy is proposed. It enables to unify and generalize\nmany different definitions of entropy known in the literature, as those of\nBoltzmann-Gibbs, Tsallis, Abe and Kaniadakis. Other new entropic functionals\nare presented, related to nontrivial correlation laws characterizing\nuniversality classes of systems out of equilibrium, when the dynamics is weakly\nchaotic. The associated thermostatistics are discussed. The mathematical\nstructure underlying our construction is that of formal group theory, which\nprovides the general structure of the correlations among particles and dictates\nthe associated entropic functionals. As an example of application, the role of\ngroup entropies in information theory is illustrated and generalizations of the\nKullback-Leibler divergence are proposed. A new connection between statistical\nmechanics and zeta functions is established. In particular, Tsallis entropy is\nrelated to the classical Riemann zeta function.",
        "positive": "Corrections to reaction-diffusion dynamics above the upper critical\n  dimension: Reaction-diffusion models are common in many areas of statistical physics,\nwhere they describe the late-time dynamics of chemical reactions. Using a Bose\ngas representation, which maps the real-time dynamics of the reactants to the\nimaginary-time evolution of an interacting Bose gas, we consider corrections to\nthe late-time scaling of $k$-particle annihilation processes $k A \\to\n\\emptyset$ above the upper critical dimension, where mean-field theory sets the\nleading order. We establish that the leading corrections are not given by a\nsmall renormalization of the reaction rate due to $k$-particle memory effects,\nbut instead set by higher-order correlation functions that capture memory\neffects of sub-clusters of reactants. Drawing on methods developed for\nultracold quantum gases and nuclear physics, we compute these corrections\nexactly for various annihilation processes with $k>2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distribution of Higher Order Spacing Ratios in Interacting Many Particle\n  Systems: We study the distribution of non-overlapping spacing ratios of higher-orders\nfor complex interacting many-body quantum systems, with and without spin degree\nof freedom (in addition to the particle number). The Hamiltonian of such\nsystems is well represented by embedded one- plus two-body random matrix\nensembles (with and without spin degree of freedom) for fermionic as well as\nbosonic systems. We obtain a very good correspondence between the numerical\nresults and a recently proposed generalized Wigner surmise like scaling\nrelation. These results confirm that the proposed scaling relation is universal\nin understanding spacing ratios in complex many-body quantum systems. Using\nspin ensembles, we demonstrate that the higher order spacing ratio\ndistributions can also reveal quantitative information about the underlying\nsymmetry structure.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo simulation of joint density of states of two continuous spin\n  models using Wang-Landau-Transition-Matrix Algorithm: Monte Carlo simulation has been performed in one-dimensional Lebwohl-Lasher\nmodel and two dimensional XY-model using the Wang-Landau and the\nWang-Landau-Transition-Matrix Monte Carlo methods. Random walk has been\nperformed in the two-dimensional space comprising of energy-order parameter and\nenergy-correlation function and the joint density of states (JDOS) were\nobtained. From the JDOS the order parameter, susceptibility and correlation\nfunction are calculated. Agreement between the results obtained from the two\nalgorithms is very good."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A single-walker approach for studying quasi-ergodic systems: The jump-walking Monte-Carlo algorithm is revisited and updated to study the\nequilibrium properties of systems exhibiting quasi-ergodicity. It is designed\nfor a single processing thread as opposed to currently predominant algorithms\nfor large parallel processing systems. The updated algorithm is tested on the\nIsing model and applied to the lattice-gas model for sorption in aerogel at low\ntemperatures, when dynamics of the system is critically slowed down. It is\ndemonstrated that the updated jump-walking simulations are able to produce\nequilibrium isotherms which are typically hidden by the hysteresis effect\ncharacteristic of the standard single-flip simulations.",
        "positive": "Local quantum coherence and superfluidity: We consider a model of bosons on a regular lattice with a kinetic energy due\nto hopping among sites and a potential energy due to strong on site\ninteraction. A superfluid phase is expected when the ground state of the local\nenergy is doubly degenerate. We consider a new scheme of simmetry breaking\nassociated to the superfluid phase in which the order parameter is the\nstatistical average of the quantum coherence operator associated to the\nsuperposition of the degenerate local ground states. In the strong coupling\nlimit a systematic expansion of the free energy can be performed in terms of\nthe hopping amplitude at constant order parameter. Within such an expansion we\nobtain a self-consistent equation for the order parameter. The first order\napproximation gives, in the case of degeneracy between single occupied and\nempty state, the same result of the standard mean field approximation for the\n``hard core bosons''. This new approach to the superfluid phase is shown to\nhave a natural application to the implementation of quantum computation on a\nsuperfluid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The microcanonical thermodynamics of finite systems: The microscopic\n  origin of condensation and phase separations; and the conditions for heat\n  flow from lower to higher temperatures: Microcanonical thermodynamics allows the application of statistical mechanics\nboth to finite and even small systems and also to the largest, self-gravitating\nones. However, one must reconsider the fundamental principles of statistical\nmechanics especially its key quantity, entropy. Whereas in conventional\nthermostatistics, the homogeneity and extensivity of the system and the\nconcavity of its entropy are central conditions, these fail for the systems\nconsidered here. For example, at phase separation, the entropy, S(E), is\nnecessarily convex to make exp[S(E)-E/T] bimodal in E. Particularly, as\ninhomogeneities and surface effects cannot be scaled away, one must be careful\nwith the standard arguments of splitting a system into two subsystems, or\nbringing two systems into thermal contact with energy or particle exchange. Not\nonly the volume part of the entropy must be considered. As will be shown here,\nwhen removing constraints in regions of a negative heat capacity, the system\nmay even relax under a flow of heat (energy) against a temperature slope. Thus\nthe Clausius formulation of the second law: ``Heat always flows from hot to\ncold'', can be violated. Temperature is not a necessary or fundamental control\nparameter of thermostatistics. However, the second law is still satisfied and\nthe total Boltzmann entropy increases. In the final sections of this paper, the\ngeneral microscopic mechanism leading to condensation and to the convexity of\nthe microcanonical entropy at phase separation is sketched. Also the\nmicroscopic conditions for the existence (or non-existence) of a critical\nend-point of the phase-separation are discussed. This is explained for the\nliquid-gas and the solid-liquid transition.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of Adiabatically Loaded Cold Bosons in the Mott\n  Insulating Phase of One-Dimensional Optical Lattices: In this work we give a consistent picture of the thermodynamic properties of\nbosons in the Mott insulating phase when loaded adiabatically into\none-dimensional optical lattices. We find a crucial dependence of the\ntemperature in the optical lattice on the doping level of the Mott insulator.\nIn the undoped case, the temperature is of the order of the large onsite\nHubbard interaction. In contrast, at a finite doping level the temperature\njumps almost immediately to the order of the small hopping parameter. These two\nsituations are investigated on the one hand by considering limiting cases like\nthe atomic limit and the case of free fermions. On the other hand, they are\nexamined using a quasi-particle conserving continuous unitary transformation\nextended by an approximate thermodynamics for hardcore particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Beyond It\u00f4 versus Stratonovich: Recently, a novel framework to handle stochastic processes has emerged from a\nseries of studies in biology, showing situations beyond 'It\\^o versus\nStratonovich'. Its internal consistency can be demonstrated via the zero mass\nlimit of a generalized Klein-Kramers equation. Moreover, the connection to\nother integrations becomes evident: the obtained Fokker-Planck equation defines\na new type of stochastic calculus that in general differs from the\n{\\alpha}-type interpretation. A unique advantage of this new approach is a\nnatural correspondence between stochastic and deterministic dynamics, which is\nuseful or may even be essential in practice. The core of the framework is a\ntransformation from the usual Langevin equation to a form that contains a\npotential function with two additional dynamical matrices, which reveals an\nunderlying symplectic structure. The framework has a direct physical meaning\nand a straightforward experimental realization. A recent experiment has offered\na first empirical validation of this new stochastic integration.",
        "positive": "Power-law exponent in multiplicative Langevin equation with temporally\n  correlated noise: Power-law distributions are ubiquitous in nature. Random multiplicative\nprocesses are a basic model for the generation of power-law distributions. It\nis known that, for discrete-time systems, the power-law exponent decreases as\nthe autocorrelation time of the multiplier increases. However, for\ncontinuous-time ystems, it has not yet been elucidated as to how the temporal\ncorrelation affects the power-law behavior. Herein, we have analytically\ninvestigated a multiplicative Langevin equation with colored noise. We show\nthat the power-law exponent depends on the details of the multiplicative noise,\nin contrast to the case of discrete-time systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An exactly solvable dissipative transport model: We introduce a class of one-dimensional lattice models in which a quantity,\nthat may be thought of as an energy, is either transported from one site to a\nneighbouring one, or locally dissipated. Transport is controlled by a\ncontinuous bias parameter q, which allows us to study symmetric as well as\nasymmetric cases. We derive sufficient conditions for the factorization of the\nN-body stationary distribution and give an explicit solution for the latter,\nbefore briefly discussing physically relevant situations.",
        "positive": "A flow equation approach to periodically driven quantum systems: We present a theoretical method to generate a highly accurate {\\em\ntime-independent} Hamiltonian governing the finite-time behavior of a\ntime-periodic system. The method exploits infinitesimal unitary transformation\nsteps, from which renormalization group-like flow equations are derived to\nproduce the effective Hamiltonian. Our tractable method has a range of validity\nreaching into frequency regimes that are usually inaccessible via high\nfrequency $\\omega$ expansions in the parameter $h/\\omega$, where $h$ is the\nupper limit for the strength of local interactions. We demonstrate our approach\non both interacting and non-interacting many-body Hamiltonians where it offers\nan improvement over the more well-known Magnus expansion and other high\nfrequency expansions. For the interacting models, we compare our approximate\nresults to those found via exact diagonalization. While the approximation\ngenerally performs better globally than other high frequency approximations,\nthe improvement is especially pronounced in the regime of lower frequencies and\nstrong external driving. This regime is of special interest because of its\nproximity to the resonant regime where the effect of a periodic drive is the\nmost dramatic. Our results open a new route towards identifying novel\nnon-equilibrium regimes and behaviors in driven quantum many-particle systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractal Properties of the Random Resistor Network: We study the multifractal spectrum of the current in the two-dimensional\nrandom resistor network at the percolation threshold. We consider two ways of\napplying the voltage difference: (i) two parallel bars, and (ii) two points.\nOur numerical results suggest that in the infinite system limit, the\nprobability distribution behaves for small current i as P(i) ~ 1/i. As a\nconsequence, the moments of i of order q less than q_c=0 do not exist and all\ncurrent of value below the most probable one have the fractal dimension of the\nbackbone. The backbone can thus be described in terms of only (i) blobs of\nfractal dimension d_B and (ii) high current carrying bonds of fractal dimension\ngoing from $1/\\nu$ to d_B.",
        "positive": "Symmetric Fock space and orthogonal symmetric polynomials associated\n  with the Calogero model: Using a similarity transformation that maps the Calogero model into $N$\ndecoupled quantum harmonic oscillators, we construct a set of mutually\ncommuting conserved operators of the model and their simultaneous\neigenfunctions. The simultaneous eigenfunction is a deformation of the\nsymmetrized number state (bosonic state) and forms an orthogonal basis of the\nHilbert (Fock) space of the model. This orthogonal basis is different from the\nknown one that is a variant of the Jack polynomial, i.e., the Hi-Jack\npolynomial. This fact shows that the conserved operators derived by the\nsimilarity transformation and those derived by the Dunkl operator formulation\ndo not commute. Thus we conclude that the Calogero model has two, algebraically\ninequivalent sets of mutually commuting conserved operators, as is the case\nwith the hydrogen atom. We also confirm the same story for the $B_{N}$-Calogero\nmodel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quench dynamics and defects formation in the Ising chain in a transverse\n  magnetic field: We study analytically and numerically quench dynamics and defects formation\nin the quantum Ising model in the presence of a time-dependent transverse\nmagnetic field. We generalize the Landau-Ziner formula to the case of\nnon-adiabatic evolution of the quantum system. For a quasi-static magnetic\nfield, with a slow dependence on time, our outcomes are similar to the results\npredicted by the Landau-Zener formula. However, a quench dynamics under a\nshock-wave load is more complicated. The final state of the system depends on\nthe amplitude and pulse velocity, resulting in the mixture of ground and\nexcited states and significant density of defects.",
        "positive": "Hyperuniform density fluctuations and diverging dynamic correlations in\n  periodically driven colloidal suspensions: The emergence of particle irreversibility in periodically driven colloidal\nsuspensions has been interpreted as resulting either from a nonequilibrium\nphase transition to an absorbing state or from the chaotic nature of particle\ntrajectories. Using a simple model of a driven suspension we show that a\nnonequilibrium phase transition is accompanied by hyperuniform static density\nfluctuations in the vicinity of the transition, where we also observe strong\ndynamic heterogeneities reminiscent of dynamics in glassy materials. We find\nthat single particle dynamics becomes intermittent and strongly non-Fickian,\nand that collective dynamics becomes spatially correlated over diverging\nlengthscales. Our results suggest that the two theoretical scenarii can be\nexperimentally discriminated using particle-resolved measurements of standard\nstatic and dynamic observables."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adiabatic computing for optimal thermodynamic efficiency of information\n  processing: Landauer's principle makes a strong connection between information theory and\nthermodynamics by stating that erasing a one-bit memory at temperature $T_0$\nrequires an average energy larger than $W_{LB}=k_BT_0 \\ln2$, with $k_B$\nBoltzmann's constant. This tiny limit has been saturated in model experiments\nusing quasi-static processes. For faster operations, an overhead proportional\nto the processing speed and to the memory damping appears. In this article, we\nshow that underdamped systems are a winning strategy to reduce this extra\nenergetic cost. We prove both experimentally and theoretically that, in the\nlimit of vanishing dissipation mechanisms in the memory, the physical system is\nthermally insulated from its environment during fast erasures, i.e. fast\nprotocols are adiabatic as no heat is exchanged with the bath. Using a fast\noptimal erasure protocol we also show that these adiabatic processes produce a\nmaximum adiabatic temperature $T_a=2T_0$, and that Landauer's bound for fast\nerasures in underdamped systems becomes the adiabatic bound: $W_a = k_B T_0$.",
        "positive": "Clusters from higher order correlations: Given a set of variables and the correlations among them, we develop a method\nfor finding clustering among the variables. The method takes advantage of\ninformation implicit in higher-order (not just pairwise) correlations. The idea\nis to define a Potts model whose energy is based on the correlations. Each\nstate of this model is a partition of the variables and a Monte Carlo method is\nused to identify states of lowest energy, those most consistent with the\ncorrelations. A set of the 100 or so lowest such partitions is then used to\nconstruct a stochastic dynamics (using the adjacency matrix of each partition)\nwhose observable representation gives the clustering. Three examples are\nstudied. For two of them the 3$^\\mathrm{rd}$ order correlations are significant\nfor getting the clusters right. The last of these is a toy model of a\nbiological system in which the joint action of several genes or proteins is\nnecessary to accomplish a given process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact theory of dense amorphous hard spheres in high dimension. II. The\n  high density regime and the Gardner transition: We consider the theory of the glass phase and jamming of hard spheres in the\nlarge space dimension limit. Building upon the exact expression for the\nfree-energy functional obtained previously, we find that the Random First Order\nTransition (RFOT) scenario is realized here with two thermodynamic transitions:\nthe usual Kauzmann point associated with entropy crisis, and a further\ntransition at higher pressures in which a glassy structure of micro-states is\ndeveloped within each amorphous state. This kind of glass-glass transition into\na phase dominating the higher densities was described years ago by Elisabeth\nGardner, and may well be a generic feature of RFOT. Micro states that are small\nexcitations of an amorphous matrix -- separated by low entropic or energetic\nbarriers -- thus emerge naturally, and modify the high pressure (or low\ntemperature) limit of the thermodynamic functions.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic Properties of Path Integral Ideals: We introduce and analyze a new quantity, the path integral ideal, governing\nthe flow of generic discrete theories to the continuum limit and greatly\nincreasing their convergence. The said flow is classified according to the\ndegree of divergence of the potential at spatial infinity. Studying the\nasymptotic behavior of path integral ideals we isolate the dominant terms in\nthe effective potential that determine the behavior of a generic theory for\nlarge discrete time steps."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work and heat probability distributions in out-of-equilibrium systems: We review and discuss the equations governing the distribution of work done\non a system which is driven out of equilibrium by external manipulation, as\nwell as those governing the entropy flow to a reservoir in a nonequilibrium\nsystem. We take advantage of these equations to investigate the path phase\ntransition in a manipulated mean-field Ising model and the large-deviation\nfunction for the heat flow in the asymmetric exclusion process with\nperiodically varying transition probabilities.",
        "positive": "Statistics of 3-dimensional Lagrangian turbulence: We consider a superstatistical dynamical model for the 3-d movement of a\nLagrangian tracer particle embedded in a high-Reynolds number turbulent flow.\nThe analytical model predictions are in excellent agreement with recent\nexperimental data for flow between counter-rotating disks. In particular, we\ncalculate the Lagrangian scaling exponents zeta_j for our system, and show that\nthey agree well with the measured exponents reported in [X. Hu et al., PRL 96,\n114503 (2006)]. Moreover, the model correctly predicts the shape of velocity\ndifference and acceleration probability densities, the fast decay of component\ncorrelation functions and the slow decay of the modulus, as well as the\nstatistical dependence between acceleration components. Finally, the model\nexplains the numerically [P.K. Yeung and S.B. Pope, J. Fluid Mech. 207, 531\n(1989)] and experimentally observed fact [B.W. Zeff et al., Nature 421, 146\n(2003)] that enstrophy lags behind dissipation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum fluids in nanopores: We describe calculations of the properties of quantum fluids inside nanotubes\nof various sizes. Very small radius ($R$) pores confine the gases to a line, so\nthat a one-dimensional (1D) approximation is applicable; the low temperature\nbehavior of 1D $^4$He is discussed. Somewhat larger pores permit the particles\nto move off axis, resulting eventually in a transition to a cylindrical shell\nphase--a thin film near the tube wall; we explored this behavior for H$_2$. At\neven larger $R\\sim 1$ nm, both the shell phase and an axial phase are present.\nResults showing strong binding of cylindrical liquids $^4$He and $^3$He are\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Coarse-grained microscopic model of glass formers: We introduce a coarse-grained model for atomic glass formers. Its elements\nare physically motivated local microscopic dynamical rules parameterized by\nobservables. Results of the model are established and used to interpret the\nmeasured behaviors of supercooled fluids approaching glass transitions. The\nmodel predicts the presence of a crossover from hierarchical super-Arrhenius\ndynamics at short length scales to diffusive Arrhenius dynamics at large length\nscales. This prediction distinguishes our model from other theories of glass\nformers and can be tested by experiment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Foundation of Fractional Langevin Equation: Harmonization of a Many Body\n  Problem: In this study we derive a single-particle equation of motion, from\nfirst-principles, starting out with a microscopic description of a tracer\nparticle in a one-dimensional many-particle system with a general two-body\ninteraction potential. Using a new harmonization technique, we show that the\nresulting dynamical equation belongs to the class of fractional Langevin\nequations, a stochastic framework which has been proposed in a large body of\nworks as a means of describing anomalous dynamics. Our work sheds light on the\nfundamental assumptions of these phenomenological models.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium phase transition in a sheared granular mixture: The dynamics of an impurity (or tracer particle) immersed in a dilute\ngranular gas under uniform shear flow is investigated. A non-equilibrium phase\ntransition is identified from an exact solution of the inelastic Boltzmann\nequation for a granular binary mixture in the tracer limit, where the impurity\ncarries either a vanishing (disordered phase) or a finite (ordered phase)\nfraction of the total kinetic energy of the system. In the disordered phase,\nthe granular temperature ratio (impurity \"temperature\" over that of the host\nfluid) is finite, while it diverges in the ordered phase. To correctly capture\nthis extreme violation of energy equipartition, we show that the picture of an\nimpurity enslaved to the host fluid is insufficient."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Selection theorem for systems with inheritance: The problem of finite-dimensional asymptotics of infinite-dimensional dynamic\nsystems is studied. A non-linear kinetic system with conservation of supports\nfor distributions has generically finite-dimensional asymptotics. Such systems\nare apparent in many areas of biology, physics (the theory of parametric wave\ninteraction), chemistry and economics. This conservation of support has a\nbiological interpretation: inheritance. The finite-dimensional asymptotics\ndemonstrates effects of \"natural\" selection. Estimations of the asymptotic\ndimension are presented. After some initial time, solution of a kinetic\nequation with conservation of support becomes a finite set of narrow peaks that\nbecome increasingly narrow over time and move increasingly slowly. It is\npossible that these peaks do not tend to fixed positions, and the path covered\ntends to infinity as t goes to infinity. The drift equations for peak motion\nare obtained. Various types of distribution stability are studied: internal\nstability (stability with respect to perturbations that do not extend the\nsupport), external stability or uninvadability (stability with respect to\nstrongly small perturbations that extend the support), and stable realizability\n(stability with respect to small shifts and extensions of the density peaks).\nModels of self-synchronization of cell division are studied, as an example of\nselection in systems with additional symmetry. Appropriate construction of the\nnotion of typicalness in infinite-dimensional space is discussed, and the\nnotion of \"completely thin\" sets is introduced.\n  Key words: Dynamics; Attractor; Evolution; Entropy; Natural selection",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in swarming systems: A recent debate: In this work we consider the phase transition from ordered to disordered\nstates that occur in the Vicsek model of self-propelled particles. This model\nwas proposed to describe the emergence of collective order in swarming systems.\nWhen noise is added to the motion of the particles, the onset of collective\norder occurs through a dynamical phase transition. Based on their numerical\nresults, Vicsek and his colleagues originally concluded that this phase\ntransition was of second order (continuous). However, recent numerical evidence\nseems to indicate that the phase transition might be of first order\n(discontinuous), thus challenging Vicsek's original results. In this work we\nreview the evidence supporting both aspects of this debate. We also show new\nnumerical results indicating that the apparent discontinuity of the phase\ntransition may in fact be a numerical artifact produced by the artificial\nperiodicity of the boundary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stability of columnar order in assemblies of hard rectangles or squares: A system of $2\\times d$ hard rectangles on square lattice is known to show\nfour different phases for $d \\geq 14$. As the covered area fraction $\\rho$ is\nincreased from $0$ to $1$, the system goes from low-density disordered phase,\nto orientationally-ordered nematic phase, to a columnar phase with\norientational order and also broken translational invariance, to a high density\nphase in which orientational order is lost. For large d, the threshold density\nfor the first transition $\\rho_1^*$ tends to $0$, and the critical density for\nthe third transition $\\rho_3^*$ tends to $1$. Interestingly, simulations have\nshown that the critical density for the second transition $\\rho_2^*$ tends to a\nnon-trivial finite value $\\approx 0.73$, as $d \\rightarrow \\infty$, and\n$\\rho_2^* \\approx 0.93$ for $d=2$. We provide a theoretical explanation of this\ninteresting result. We develop an approximation scheme to calculate the surface\ntension between two differently ordered columnar phases. The density at which\nthe surface tension vanishes gives an estimate $\\rho_2^* = 0.746$, for $d\\to\n\\infty$, and $\\rho_2^*=0.923$ for $d=2$. For all values of $d$, these estimates\nare in good agreement with Monte Carlo data.",
        "positive": "Simple water-like lattice models in one dimension: In this contribution we review a series of simple one dimensional lattice\nmodels that with an appropriate choice of parameters can account for various\nanomalous features of the behaviour of complex systems such as water. In\nparticular, we will focus on the presence of $p-T$ fluid-solid coexistence\nlines with negative slope (i.e. solids that melt upon compression), solid\nphases less dense than the liquid phase, and the existence of temperatures of\nmaximum density. We will see how a simple two-parameter model can reproduce the\nphase behaviour of a range of systems well known for their anomalous behaviour\nregarding the temperature and pressure dependence of properties such as\ndensity, diffusivity or viscosity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Real-time correlation functions from imaginary-time evolution: The problem of calculating real-time correlation functions is formulated in\nterms of an imaginary-time partial differential equation. The latter is solved\nanalytically for the perturbed harmonic oscillator and compared with the known\nexact result. The first order approximation for the short-time propagator is\nderived and used for numerical solution of the equation by a Monte Carlo\nintegration. In general, the method provides a reformulation of the dynamic\nsign problem, and is applicable to any two-time correlation function including\nsingle-particle, density-density, current-current, spin-spin, and others. The\nprospects of extending the technique onto multi-dimensional problems are\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Cu-Au type orderings in the staggered quadrupolar region of the fcc\n  Blume Emery Griffiths model: The spin-1 Ising (BEG) model has been simulated using a cellular automaton\n(CA) algorithm improved from the Creutz cellular automaton (CCA) for a\nface-centered cubic (fcc) lattice. The ground state diagram ($k$, $d$) of the\nfcc BEG model has ferromagnetic ($F$), quadrupolar ($Q$) and staggered\nquadrupolar ($SQ$) ordering regions. The simulations have been made in the\nstaggered quadrupolar region for the parameter values in the intervals $\n-24\\leq d=D/J<0$ and $-3\\leq k=K/J\\leq 0$ . The phase diagrams on the ($\nkT_{C}/J$, $d$) and the ($kT_{C}/J$, $k$) planes have been obtained through $\nk=-3$ and $d=-4$ lines, respectively. The staggered quadrupolar ordering region\nseparates into five ordering regions ($A_{3}B(a)$, $A_{3}B(f)$, $AB$ (type-I),\n$AB$(type-II) and $AB_{3}(f)$) which have the different stoichiometric Cu-Au\ntype structures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Langevin equation with fluctuating diffusivity: a two-state model: Recently, anomalous subdiffusion, aging, and scatter of the diffusion\ncoefficient have been reported in many single-particle-tracking experiments,\nthough origins of these behaviors are still elusive. Here, as a model to\ndescribe such phenomena, we investigate a Langevin equation with diffusivity\nfluctuating between a fast and a slow state. We assume that the sojourn time\ndistributions of these two states are given by power laws. It is shown that,\nfor a non-equilibrium ensemble, the ensemble-averaged mean square displacement\n(MSD) shows transient subdiffusion. In contrast, the time-averaged MSD shows\nnormal diffusion, but an effective diffusion coefficient transiently shows\naging behavior. The propagator is non-Gaussian for short time, and converges to\na Gaussian distribution in a long time limit; this convergence to Gaussian is\nextremely slow for some parameter values. For equilibrium ensembles, both\nensemble-averaged and time-averaged MSDs show only normal diffusion, and thus\nwe cannot detect any traces of the fluctuating diffusivity with these MSDs.\nTherefore, as an alternative approach to characterize the fluctuating\ndiffusivity, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the time-averaged MSD is\nutilized, and it is shown that the RSD exhibits slow relaxation as a signature\nof the long-time correlation in the fluctuating diffusivity. Furthermore, it is\nshown that the RSD is related to a non-Gaussian parameter of the propagator. To\nobtain these theoretical results, we develop a two-state renewal theory as an\nanalytical tool.",
        "positive": "Multi-point Distribution Function for the Continuous Time Random Walk: We derive an explicit expression for the Fourier-Laplace transform of the\ntwo-point distribution function $p(x_1,t_1;x_2,t_2)$ of a continuous time\nrandom walk (CTRW), thus generalizing the result of Montroll and Weiss for the\nsingle point distribution function $p(x_1,t_1)$. The multi-point distribution\nfunction has a structure of a convolution of the Montroll-Weiss CTRW and the\naging CTRW single point distribution functions. The correlation function\n$<x(t_1) x(t_2) >$ for the biased CTRW process is found. The random walk\nfoundation of the multi-time-space fractional diffusion equation [Baule and\nFriedrich [{\\em Europhysics Letters} {\\bf 77} 10002 (2007)] is investigated\nusing the unbiased CTRW in the continuum limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A case of thermodynamic failure in the Ginzburg--Landau approach to\n  fluctuation superconductivity: The Ginzburg--Landau approach postulates an energy density, together with an\ninterpretation for the supercurrent, and invokes Ohm's law. We consider\nquasi-one-dimensional nonuniform superconducting loops, either smooth or\npiecewise uniform, that enclose a magnetic flux, above the critical\ntemperature. We evaluate the averages of the current and of the power released\nper unit length, due to thermal fluctuations. We consider three averages:\ncanonical ensemble average, time-average using a time-dependent model, and\ncanonical ensemble in the reciprocal space. All the evaluations imply that heat\nis absorbed in part of the loop and released in other part, despite the\nassumption that the loop is at uniform temperature.",
        "positive": "Problems with the definition of renormalized Hamiltonians for\n  momentum-space renormalization transformations: For classical lattice systems with finite (Ising) spins, we show that the\nimplementation of momentum-space renormalization at the level of Hamiltonians\nruns into the same type of difficulties as found for real-space\ntransformations: Renormalized Hamiltonians are ill-defined in certain regions\nof the phase diagram."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical exponents in mean-field classical spin systems: For a mean-field classical spin system exhibiting a second-order phase\ntransition in the stationary state, we obtain within the corresponding phase\nspace evolution according to the Vlasov equation the values of the critical\nexponents describing power-law behavior of response to a small external field.\nThe exponent values so obtained significantly differ from the ones obtained on\nthe basis of an analysis of the static phase-space distribution, with no\nreference to dynamics. This work serves as an illustration that cautions\nagainst relying on a static approach, with no reference to the dynamical\nevolution, to extract critical exponent values for mean-field systems.",
        "positive": "A mass transport model with a simple non-factorized steady-state\n  distribution: We study a mass transport model on a ring with parallel update, where a\ncontinuous mass is randomly redistributed along distinct links of the lattice,\nchoosing at random one of the two partitions at each time step. The\nredistribution process on a given link depends on the masses on both sites, at\nvariance with the Zero Range Process and its continuous mass generalizations.\nWe show that the steady-state distribution takes a simple non-factorized form\nthat can be written as a sum of two inhomogeneous product measures. A\nfactorized measure is recovered for a symmetric mass redistribution,\ncorresponding to an equilibrium process. A non-equilibrium free energy can be\nexplicitly defined from the partition function. We evaluate different\ncharacterizations of the `distance' to equilibrium, either dynamic or static:\nthe mass flux, the entropy production rate, the Gibbs free-energy difference\nbetween the equilibrium and non-equilibrium stationary states, and the\nderivative of the non-equilibrium free energy with respect to the applied\ndriving force. The connection between these different non-equilibrium\nparameters is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Frustration of signed networks: How does it affect the thermodynamic\n  properties of a system?: Signed networks with positive and negative interaction are widely observed in\nthe real systems. The negative links would induce frustration, then affect\nglobal properties of the system. Based on previous studies, frustration of\nsigned networks is investigated and quantified. Frustrations of $\\pm J$\n(Edwards-Anderson) Ising model with a concentration $p$ of negative bonds,\nconstructed on different networks, such as triangular lattice, square lattice\nand random regular networks (RRN) with connectivity $k=6$ are estimated by\ntheoretical and numerical approaches. Based on the quantitative measurement of\nfrustration, its effects on phase transitions characterized by order parameter\n$q_{EA}$ are studied. The relationship of critical temperature $T_c$ with the\nquantified frustration $\\mu$ is given by mean-field theory. It shows that $T_c$\ndecreases linearly with frustration $\\mu$ . The theory is checked by numerical\nestimations, such as the Metropolis algorithm and Replica Symmetric Population\nDynamics Algorithm. The numerical estimates are consistent well with the\nmean-field prediction.",
        "positive": "Available states and available space: Static properties that predict\n  dynamics of confined fluids: Although density functional theory provides reliable predictions for the\nstatic properties of simple fluids under confinement, a theory of comparative\naccuracy for the transport coefficients has yet to emerge. Nonetheless, there\nis evidence that knowledge of how confinement modifies static behavior can aid\nin forecasting dynamics. Specifically, molecular simulation studies have shown\nthat the relationship between excess entropy and self diffusivity of a bulk\nequilibrium fluid changes only modestly when the fluid is isothermally\nconfined, indicating that knowledge of the former might allow semi-quantitative\npredictions of the latter. Do other static measures, such as those that\ncharacterize free or available volume, also strongly correlate with\nsingle-particle dynamics of confined fluids? Here, we study this issue for both\nthe single-component hard-sphere fluid and hard-sphere mixtures. Specifically,\nwe use molecular simulations and fundamental measure theory to study these\nsystems at approximately $10^3$ equilibrium state points. We examine three\ndifferent confining geometries (slit pore, square channel, and cylindrical\npore) and the effects of packing fraction and particle-boundary interactions.\nAlthough density fails to predict some key qualitative trends for the dynamics\nof confined fluids, we find that a new generalized measure of available volume\nfor inhomogeneous fluids strongly correlates with the self diffusivity across a\nwide parameter space in these systems, approximately independent of the degree\nof confinement. An important consequence, which we demonstrate here, is that\ndensity functional theory predictions of this static property can be used\ntogether with knowledge of bulk fluid behavior to estimate the diffusion\ncoefficient of confined fluids under equilibrium conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Relations for Non Solvable Statistical Models: We present the first rigorous derivation of a number of universal relations\nfor a class of models with continuously varying indices (among which are\ninteracting planar Ising models, quantum spin chains and 1D Fermi systems), for\nwhich an exact solution is not known, except in a few special cases. Most of\nthese formulas were conjectured by Luther and Peschel, Kadanoff, Haldane, but\nonly checked in the special solvable models; one of them, related to the\nanisotropic Ashkin-Teller model, is novel.",
        "positive": "Clustering and coalescence from multiplicative noise: the Kraichnan\n  ensemble: We study the dynamics of the two-point statistics of the Kraichnan ensemble\nwhich describes the transport of a passive pollutant by a stochastic turbulent\nflow characterized by scale invariant structure functions. The fundamental\nequation of this problem consists in the Fokker-Planck equation for the\ntwo-point correlation function of the density of particles performing spatially\ncorrelated Brownian motions with scale invariant correlations. This problem is\nequivalent to the stochastic motion of an effective particle driven by a\ngeneric multiplicative noise. In this paper we propose an alternative and more\nintuitive approach to the problem than the original one leading to the same\nconclusions. The general features of this new approach make possible to fit it\nto other more complex contexts."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "3-Dimensional Multilayered 6-vertex Statistical Model: Exact Solution: Solvable via Bethe Ansatz (BA) anisotropic statistical model on cubic lattice\nconsisting of locally interacting 6-vertex planes, is studied. Symmetries of BA\nlead to infinite hierarchy of possible phases, which is further restricted by\nnumerical simulations. The model is solved for arbitrary value of the\ninterlayer coupling constant. Resulting is the phase diagram in general\n3-parameter space. Exact mapping onto the models with some inhomogenious sets\nof interlayer coupling constants is established.",
        "positive": "Active Brownian Motion in two-dimensions under Stochastic Resetting: We study the position distribution of an active Brownian particle (ABP) in\nthe presence of stochastic resetting in two spatial dimensions. We consider\nthree different resetting protocols : (I) where both position and orientation\nof the particle are reset, (II) where only the position is reset, and (III)\nwhere only the orientation is reset with a certain rate $r.$ We show that in\nthe first two cases the ABP reaches a stationary state. Using a renewal\napproach, we calculate exactly the stationary marginal position distributions\nin the limiting cases when the resetting rate $r$ is much larger or much\nsmaller than the rotational diffusion constant $D_R$ of the ABP. We find that,\nin some cases, for a large resetting rate, the position distribution diverges\nnear the resetting point; the nature of the divergence depends on the specific\nprotocol. For the orientation resetting, there is no stationary state, but the\nmotion changes from a ballistic one at short-times to a diffusive one at late\ntimes. We characterize the short-time non-Gaussian marginal position\ndistributions using a perturbative approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rejection-free Monte Carlo Algorithms for Models with Continuous Degrees\n  of Freedom: We construct a rejection-free Monte Carlo algorithm for a system with\ncontinuous degrees of freedom. We illustrate the algorithm by applying it to\nthe classical three-dimensional Heisenberg model with canonical Metropolis\ndynamics. We obtain the lifetime of the metastable state following a reversal\nof the external magnetic field. Our rejection-free algorithm obtains results in\nagreement with a direct implementation of the Metropolis dynamic and requires\norders of magnitude less computational time at low temperatures. The treatment\nis general and can be extended to other dynamics and other systems with\ncontinuous degrees of freedom.",
        "positive": "Large Deviations of the Finite-Time Magnetization of the Curie-Weiss\n  Random Field Ising Model: We study the large deviations of the magnetization at some finite time in the\nCurie-Weiss Random Field Ising Model with parallel updating. While relaxation\ndynamics in an infinite time horizon gives rise to unique dynamical\ntrajectories (specified by initial conditions and governed by first-order\ndynamics of the form $m_{t+1}=f(m_t)$), we observe that the introduction of a\nfinite time horizon and the specification of terminal conditions can generate a\nhost of metastable solutions obeying \\textit{second-order} dynamics. We show\nthat these solutions are governed by a Newtonian-like dynamics in discrete time\nwhich permits solutions in terms of both the first order relaxation (\"forward\")\ndynamics and the backward dynamics $m_{t+1} = f^{-1}(m_t)$. Our approach allows\nus to classify trajectories for a given final magnetization as stable or\nmetastable according to the value of the rate function associated with them. We\nfind that in analogy to the Freidlin-Wentzell description of the stochastic\ndynamics of escape from metastable states, the dominant trajectories may switch\nbetween the two types (forward and backward) of first-order dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Orbital Magnetism of Active Viscoelastic Suspension: We consider a dilute suspension of active (self-propelling) particles in a\nvisco-elastic fluid. Particles are charged and constrained to move in a two\ndimensional harmonic trap. Their dynamics is coupled to a constant magnetic\nfield applied perpendicular to their motion via Lorentz force. Due to the\nfinite activity, the generalised fluctuation-dissipation relation (GFDR) breaks\ndown, driving the system away from equilibrium. While breaking GFDR, we have\nshown that the system can have finite classical orbital magnetism only when the\ndynamics of the system contains finite inertia. The orbital magnetic moment has\nbeen calculated exactly. Remarkably, we find that when the elastic dissipation\ntime scale of the medium is larger (smaller) than the persistence time scale of\nthe self-propelling particles, the system is diamagnetic (paramagnetic).\nTherefore, for a given strength of the magnetic field, the system undergoes a\nnovel transition from diamagnetic to paramagnetic state (and vice-versa) simply\nby tuning the time scales of underlying physical processes, such as, active\nfluctuations and visco-elastic dissipation. Interestingly, we also find that\nthe magnetic moment, which vanishes at equilibrium, behaves non-monotonically\nwith respect to increasing persistence of self-propulsion, that drives the\nsystem out of equilibrium",
        "positive": "L\u00e9vy flights in inhomogeneous environments: We study the long time asymptotics of probability density functions (pdfs) of\nL\\'{e}vy flights in different confining potentials. For that we use two models:\nLangevin - driven and (L\\'{e}vy - Schr\\\"odinger) semigroup - driven dynamics.\nIt turns out that the semigroup modeling provides much stronger confining\nproperties than the standard Langevin one. Since contractive semigroups set a\nlink between L\\'{e}vy flights and fractional (pseudo-differential) Hamiltonian\nsystems, we can use the latter to control the long - time asymptotics of the\npertinent pdfs. To do so, we need to impose suitable restrictions upon the\nHamiltonian and its potential. That provides verifiable criteria for an\ninvariant pdf to be actually an asymptotic pdf of the semigroup-driven\njump-type process. For computational and visualization purposes our\nobservations are exemplified for the Cauchy driver and its response to external\npolynomial potentials (referring to L\\'{e}vy oscillators), with respect to both\ndynamical mechanisms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady state, relaxation and first-passage properties of a\n  run-and-tumble particle in one-dimension: We investigate the motion of a run-and-tumble particle (RTP) in one\ndimension. We find the exact probability distribution of the particle with and\nwithout diffusion on the infinite line, as well as in a finite interval. In the\ninfinite domain, this probability distribution approaches a Gaussian form in\nthe long-time limit, as in the case of a regular Brownian particle. At\nintermediate times, this distribution exhibits unexpected multi-modal forms. In\na finite domain, the probability distribution reaches a steady state form with\npeaks at the boundaries, in contrast to a Brownian particle. We also study the\nrelaxation to the steady state analytically. Finally we compute the survival\nprobability of the RTP in a semi-infinite domain. In the finite interval, we\ncompute the exit probability and the associated exit times. We provide\nnumerical verifications of our analytical results.",
        "positive": "False EUR exchange rates vs. DKK, CHF, JPY and USD. What is a strong\n  currency?: The Euro (EUR) has been a currency introduced by the European Community on\nJan. 01, 1999. This implies eleven countries of the European Union which have\nbeen found to meet the five requirements of the Maastricht convergence\ncriteria. In order to test EUR behavior and understand various features, we\nhave extrapolated the EUR backwards and therefore have obtained a {\\it false\neuro} (FEUR) dating back to 1993. We have derived the exchange rates of the\nFEUR with respect to several currencies of interest not belonging to the EUR,\ni.e., Danish Kroner (DKK), Swiss Franc (CHF), Japanese Yen (JPY) and U.S.\nDollar (USD). We have first observed the distribution of fluctuations of the\nexchange rates. Within the {\\it Detrended Fluctuation Analysis} (DFA)\nstatistical method, we have calculated the power law behavior describing the\nroot-mean-square deviation of these exchange rate fluctuations as a function of\ntime, displaying in particular the JPY exchange rate case. In order to estimate\nthe role of each currency making the EUR and therefore in view of identifying\nwhether some of them mostly influences its behavior, we have compared the\ntime-dependent exponent of the exchange rate fluctuations for EUR with that for\nthe currencies that form the EUR. We have found that the German Mark (DEM) has\nbeen leading the fluctuations of EUR/JPY exchange rates, and Portuguese Escudo\n(PTE) is the farthest away currency from this point of view."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective potential for the massless KPZ equation: In previous work we have developed a general method for casting a classical\nfield theory subject to Gaussian noise (that is, a stochastic partial\ndifferential equation--SPDE) into a functional integral formalism that exhibits\nmany of the properties more commonly associated with quantum field theories\n(QFTs). In particular, we demonstrated how to derive the one-loop effective\npotential. In this paper we apply the formalism to a specific field theory of\nconsiderable interest, the massless KPZ equation (massless noisy vorticity-free\nBurgers equation), and analyze its behaviour in the ultraviolet\n(short-distance) regime. When this field theory is subject to white noise we\ncan calculate the one-loop effective potential and show that it is one-loop\nultraviolet renormalizable in 1, 2, and 3 space dimensions, and fails to be\nultraviolet renormalizable in higher dimensions. We show that the one-loop\neffective potential for the massless KPZ equation is closely related to that\nfor lambda phi^4 QFT. In particular we prove that the massless KPZ equation\nexhibits one-loop dynamical symmetry breaking (via an analog of the\nColeman-Weinberg mechanism) in 1 and 2 space dimensions, and that this\nbehaviour does not persist in 3 space dimensions.",
        "positive": "Advection of passive particles over flow networks: The problem of stochastic advection of passive particles by circulating\nconserved flows on networks is formulated and investigated. The particles\nundergo transitions between the nodes with the transition rates determined by\nthe flows passing through the links. Such stochastic advection processes lead\nto mixing of particles in the network and, in the final equilibrium state,\nconcentration of particles in all nodes become equal. As we find, equilibration\nbegins in the subset of nodes, representing flow hubs, and extends to the\nperiphery nodes with weak flows. This behavior is related to the effect of\nlocalization of the eigenvectors of the advection matrix for considered\nnetworks. Applications of the results to problems involving spreading of\ninfections or pollutants by traffic networks are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variable range random walk: Exploiting the coherent medium approximation, random walk among sites\ndistributed randomly in space is investigated when the jump rate depends on the\ndistance between two adjacent sites. In one dimension, it is shown that when\nthe jump rate decays exponentially in the long distance limit, a non-diffusive\nto diffusive transition occurs as the density of sites is increased. In three\ndimensions, the transition exists when the jump rate has a super Gaussian\ndecay.",
        "positive": "Barrierless electronic relaxation in solution -- two state model with\n  exact analytical solution in time domain: We propose an analytical method for solving the problem of electronic\nrelaxation in solution in time domain, modelled by a particle undergoing\ndiffusion under the influence of two coupled potentials. The coupling between\nthe two potentials is assumed to be represented by a Dirac delta function of\narbitrary position and strength. Smoluchowskii equation is used model the\ndiffusion motion on both the potentials. We report an analytical expression for\nsurvival probability in time domain. This is the first time analytical solution\nin time domain is derived and this method can be used to solve problems\ninvolving other potentials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information Flow in Finite Flocks with Topological Interactions: We simulate the Vicsek model utilising topological neighbour interactions and\nestimate information theoretic quantities as a function of noise, the\nvariability in the extent to which each animal aligns with its neighbours, and\nthe flock direction. We show that these quantities, mutual information and\nglobal transfer entropy, are in fact dependent on observation time, and in\ncomparison to the canonical Vicsek model which utilises range-based\ninteractions, the topological variant converges to the long-term limiting\nbehaviour with smaller observation windows. Finally, we show that in contrast\nto the metric model, which exhibits maximal information flow for the ordered\nregime, the topological model maintains this maximal information flow beyond\nthe phase transition and into the disordered regime.",
        "positive": "Phase transition in a spatial Lotka-Volterra model: Spatial evolution is investigated in a simulated system of nine competing and\nmutating bacterium strains, which mimics the biochemical war among bacteria\ncapable of producing two different bacteriocins (toxins) at most. Random\nsequential dynamics on a square lattice is governed by very symmetrical\ntransition rules for neighborhood invasion of sensitive strains by killers,\nkillers by resistants, and resistants by by sensitives. The community of the\nnine possible toxicity/resistance types undergoes a critical phase transition\nas the uniform transmutation rates between the types decreases below a critical\nvalue $P_c$ above which all the nine types of strain coexist with equal\nfrequencies. Passing the critical mutation rate from above, the system\ncollapses into one of the three topologically identical states, each consisting\nof three strain types. Of the three final states each accrues with equal\nprobability and all three maintain themselves in a self-organizing polydomain\nstructure via cyclic invasions. Our Monte Carlo simulations support that this\nsymmetry breaking transition belongs to the universality class of the\nthree-state Potts model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equation of state in the fugacity format for the two-dimensional Coulomb\n  gas: We derive the exact general form of the equation of state, in the fugacity\nformat, for the two-dimensional Coulomb gas. Our results are valid in the\nconducting phase of the Coulomb gas, for temperatures above the\nKosterlitz-Thouless transition. The derivation of the equation of state is\nbased on the knowledge of the general form of the short-distance expansion of\nthe correlation functions of the Coulomb gas. We explicitly compute the\nexpansion up to order $O(\\zeta^6)$ in the activity $\\zeta$. Our results are in\nvery good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations at very low density.",
        "positive": "From proteins to grains: a journey through simple models: This thesis is about the study of complex systems through simple models. Our\nwork evidences the relevance of this kind of modeling in science, which\nprovides us with a better understanding of nature at minimum cost. The\nfundamentals tools for our investigation are those of (nonequilibrium)\nstatistical mechanics.\n  More specifically, we thoroughly analyze two minimalistic models, which are\nmotivated by two quite different realms: modular biomolecules and granular\nfluids. On the one hand, we look into the elastic response of modular\nbiomolecules. Therein, our main goal is predicting of the unfolding pathway of\nthe molecule. We put forward and check a theoretical framework that is valid in\nthe maximum hysteresis path limit. On the other hand, a model mimicking the\nshear modes of granular gases is analyzed in depth. Our study embraces a wide\nrange of fundamental aspects, among others: physical stationary states,\nfluctuations, finite size effects, stability of the stationary solutions, and\nmemory effects. This analysis is carried out by a combination of numerical and\nanalytical techniques, with the numerical results showing, in general, an\nexcellent agreement with the theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous critical behaviour in the polymer collapse transition of\n  three-dimensional lattice trails: Trails (bond-avoiding walks) provide an alternative lattice model of polymers\nto self-avoiding walks, and adding self-interaction at multiply visited sites\ngives a model of polymer collapse. Recently, a two-dimensional model\n(triangular lattice) where doubly and triply visited sites are given different\nweights was shown to display a rich phase diagram with first and second order\ncollapse separated by a multi-critical point. A kinetic growth process of\ntrails (KGT) was conjectured to map precisely to this multi-critical point. Two\ntypes of low temperature phases, globule and crystal-like, were encountered.\nHere, we investigate the collapse properties of a similar extended model of\ninteracting lattice trails on the simple cubic lattice with separate weights\nfor doubly and triply visited sites. Again we find first and second order\ncollapse transitions dependent on the relative sizes of the doubly and triply\nvisited energies. However we find no evidence of a low temperature crystal-like\nphase with only the globular phase in existence.\n  Intriguingly, when the ratio of the energies is precisely that which\nseparates the first order from the second-order regions anomalous finite-sized\nscaling appears. At the finite size location of the rounded transition clear\nevidence exists for a first order transition that persists in the thermodynamic\nlimit. This location moves as the length increases, with its limit apparently\nat the point that maps to a KGT. However, if one fixes the temperature to sit\nat exactly this KGT point then only a critical point can be deduced from the\ndata. The resolution of this apparent contradiction lies in the breaking of\ncrossover scaling and the difference in the shift and transition width\n(crossover) exponents.",
        "positive": "Analytical results for the low-temperature Drude weight of the XXZ spin\n  chain: The spin-$1/2$ XXZ chain is an integrable lattice model and parts of its spin\ncurrent can be protected by local conservation laws for anisotropies\n$-1<\\Delta<1$. In this case, the Drude weight $D(T)$ is non-zero at finite\ntemperatures $T$. Here we obtain analytical results for $D(T)$ at low\ntemperatures for zero external magnetic field and anisotropies\n$\\Delta=\\cos(n\\pi/m)$ with $n,m$ coprime integers, using the thermodynamic\nBethe ansatz. We show that to leading orders\n$D(T)=D(0)-a(\\Delta)T^{2K-2}-b_1(\\Delta)T^2$ where $K$ is the Luttinger\nparameter and the prefactor $a(\\Delta)$, obtained in closed form, has a fractal\nstructure as function of anisotropy $\\Delta$. The prefactor $b_1(\\Delta)$, on\nthe other hand, does not have a fractal structure and can be obtained in a\nstandard field-theoretical approach. Including both temperature corrections, we\nobtain an analytic result for the low-temperature asymptotics of the Drude\nweight in the entire regime $-1<\\Delta=\\cos(n\\pi/m)<1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of a one-dimensional continuum percolation model: I consider a one dimensional system of particles which interact through a\nhard core of diameter $\\si$ and can connect to each other if they are closer\nthan a distance $d$. The mean cluster size increases as a function of the\ndensity $\\rho$ until it diverges at some critical density, the percolation\nthreshold. This system can be mapped onto an off-lattice generalization of the\nPotts model which I have called the Potts fluid, and in this way, the mean\ncluster size, pair connectedness and percolation probability can be calculated\nexactly. The mean cluster size is $S = 2 \\exp[ \\rho (d -\\si)/(1 - \\rho \\si)] -\n1$ and diverges only at the close packing density $\\rho_{cp} = 1 / \\si $. This\nis confirmed by the behavior of the percolation probability. These results\nshould help in judging the effectiveness of approximations or simulation\nmethods before they are applied to higher dimensions.",
        "positive": "Gas-liquid critical point of the ultrasoft restricted primitive model\n  from analytic theory: Gas-liquid criticality in the ultrasoft restricted primitive model (URPM) of\npolyelectrolytes is studied using the collective variables-based theory. For\nthe model, an effective Hamiltonian is derived and explicit expressions for all\nthe coefficients are found in a one-loop approximation. Based on this\nHamiltonian, the phase and critical behaviour is analysed. Our results provide\nevidence that the nature of the gas-liquid criticality in the URPM is the same\nas in the restricted primitive model that includes a hard core."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An exact result in strong wave turbulence of thin elastic plates: An exact result concerning the energy transfers between non-linear waves of\nthin elastic plate is derived. Following Kolmogorov's original ideas in\nhydrodynamical turbulence, but applied to the F\\\"oppl-von K\\'arm\\'an equation\nfor thin plates, the corresponding K\\'arm\\'an-Howarth-Monin relation and an\nequivalent of the $\\frac{4}{5}$-Kolmogorov's law is derived. A third-order\nstructure function involving increments of the amplitude, velocity and the Airy\nstress function of a plate, is proven to be equal to $-\\varepsilon\\, \\ell$,\nwhere $\\ell$ is a length scale in the inertial range at which the increments\nare evaluated and $\\varepsilon$ the energy dissipation rate. Numerical data\nconfirm this law. In addition, a useful definition of the energy fluxes in\nFourier space is introduced and proven numerically to be flat in the inertial\nrange. The exact results derived in this Letter are valid for both, weak and\nstrong wave-turbulence. They could be used as a theoretical benchmark of new\nwave-turbulence theories and to develop further analogies with hydrodynamical\nturbulence.",
        "positive": "The Harmonic Measure for critical Potts clusters: We present a technique, which we call \"etching,\" which we use to study the\nharmonic measure of Fortuin-Kasteleyn clusters in the Q-state Potts model for\nQ=1-4. The harmonic measure is the probability distribution of random walkers\ndiffusing onto the perimeter of a cluster. We use etching to study regions of\nclusters which are extremely unlikely to be hit by random walkers, having\nhitting probabilities down to 10^(-4600). We find good agreement between the\ntheoretical predictions of Duplantier and our numerical results for the\ngeneralized dimension D(q), including regions of small and negative q."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Macroscopically-observable probability currents in finite populations: In finite-size population models, one can derive Fokker-Planck equations to\ndescribe the fluctuations of the species numbers about the deterministic\nbehaviour. In the steady state of populations comprising two or more species,\nit is permissible for a probability current to flow. In such a case, the system\ndoes not relax to equilibrium but instead reaches a non-equilibrium steady\nstate. In a two-species model, these currents form cycles (e.g., ellipses) in\nprobability space. We investigate the conditions under which such currents are\nsolely responsible for macroscopically-observable cycles in population\nabundances. We find that this can be achieved when the deterministic limit\nyields a circular neutrally-stable manifold. We further discuss the efficacy of\none-dimensional approximation to the diffusion on the manifold, and obtain\nestimates for the macroscopically-observable current around this manifold by\nappealing to Kramers' escape rate theory.",
        "positive": "Quantum decoupling transition in a one-dimensional Feshbach-resonant\n  superfluid: We study a one-dimensional gas of fermionic atoms interacting via an s-wave\nmolecular Feshbach resonance. At low energies the system is characterized by\ntwo Josephson-coupled Luttinger liquids, corresponding to paired atomic and\nmolecular superfluids. We show that, in contrast to higher dimensions, the\nsystem exhibits a quantum phase transition from a phase in which the two\nsuperfluids are locked together to one in which, at low energies, quantum\nfluctuations suppress the Feshbach resonance (Josephson) coupling, effectively\ndecoupling the molecular and atomic superfluids. Experimental signatures of\nthis quantum transition include the appearance of an out-of-phase gapless mode\n(in addition to the standard gapless in-phase mode) in the spectrum of the\ndecoupled superfluid phase and a discontinuous change in the molecular momentum\ndistribution function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-local meta-conformal invariance, diffusion-limited erosion and the\n  XXZ chain: Diffusion-limited erosion is a distinct universality class of fluctuating\ninterfaces. Although its dynamical exponent $z=1$, none of the known variants\nof conformal invariance can act as its dynamical symmetry. In $d=1$ spatial\ndimensions, its infinite-dimensional dynamic symmetry is constructed and shown\nto be isomorphic to the direct sum of three loop-Virasoro algebras, with the\nmaximal finite-dimensional sub-algebra\n$\\mathfrak{sl}(2,\\mathbb{R})\\oplus\\mathfrak{sl}(2,\\mathbb{R})\\oplus\\mathfrak{sl}(2,\\mathbb{R})$.\nThe infinitesimal generators are spatially non-local and use the Riesz-Feller\nfractional derivative. Co-variant two-time response functions are derived and\nreproduce the exact solution of diffusion-limited erosion. The relationship\nwith the terrace-step-kind model of vicinal surfaces and the integrable XXZ\nchain are discussed.",
        "positive": "Effects of Boundary Conditions on Magnetic Friction: We consider magnetic friction between two square lattices of the\nferromagnetic Ising model of finite thickness. We analyze the dependence on the\nboundary conditions and the sample thickness. Monte Carlo results indicate that\nthe setup enables us to control the frictional force by magnetic fields on the\nboundaries. In addition, we confirm that the temperature derivative of the\nfrictional force as well as that of the boundary energy has singularity at a\nvelocity-dependent critical temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tricritical Casimir forces and order parameter profiles in wetting films\n  of $^3\\text{He}$ -$^4\\text{He}$ mixtures: Tricritical Casimir forces in $^3\\text{He}$ -$^4\\text{He}$ wetting films are\nstudied, within mean field theory, in therms of a suitable lattice gas model\nfor binary liquid mixtures with short--ranged surface fields. The proposed\nmodel takes into account the continuous rotational symmetry O(2) of the\nsuperfluid degrees of freedom associated with $^4\\text{He}$ and it allows,\ninter alia, for the occurrence of a vapor phase. As a result, the model\nfacilitates the formation of wetting films, which provides a strengthened\ntheoretical framework to describe available experimental data for tricritical\nCasimir forces acting in $^3\\text{He}$ -$^4\\text{He}$ wetting films.",
        "positive": "Mpemba effect for a Brownian particle trapped in a single well potential: Mpemba effect refers to the counterintuitive phenomenon of a hotter system\nequilibrating faster than a colder system when both are quenched to the same\nlow temperature. For a Brownian particle trapped in a piece-wise linear single\nwell potential that is devoid of any other metastable minima we show the\nexistence of Mpemba effect for a wide range of parameters through an exact\nsolution. This result challenges the prevalent explanation of the Mpemba effect\nthat requires the energy landscape to be rugged with multiple minima. We also\ndemonstrate the existence of inverse and strong Mpemba effects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Understanding the entanglement entropy and spectra of 2D quantum systems\n  through arrays of coupled 1D chains: We describe an algorithm for studying the entanglement entropy and spectrum\nof 2D systems, as a coupled array of $N$ one dimensional chains in their\ncontinuum limit. Using the algorithm to study the quantum Ising model in 2D,\n(both in its disordered phase and near criticality) we confirm the existence of\nan area law for the entanglement entropy and show that near criticality there\nis an additive piece scaling as $c_{eff}\\log (N)/6$ with $c_{eff} \\approx 1$.\n\\textcolor{black}{Studying the entanglement spectrum, we show that entanglement\ngap scaling can be used to detect the critical point of the 2D model. When\nshort range (area law) entanglement dominates we find (numerically and\nperturbatively) that this spectrum reflects the energy spectrum of a single\nquantum Ising chain.",
        "positive": "Statistical field theory for simple fluids: the collective variables\n  representation: An alternative representation of an exact statistical field theory for simple\nfluids, based on the method of collective variables, is presented. The results\nobtained are examined from the point of another version of theory that was\ndeveloped recently by performing a Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation of the\nconfigurational Boltzmann factor [J.-M. Caillol, Mol. Phys. 101 (2003) 1617].\nThe analytical expressions for the pressure and the free energy are derived in\ntwo-loop approximation for both versions of theory and it is shown that they\nare indeed equivalent.The results yield a new type approximation within an\nuntested approximation scheme."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Disorder perturbed Flat Bands II: a search for criticality: We seek the possibility of a disorder driven transition in a tight-binding\nlattice with a flat band using complexity parameter approach. Our results\nindicate the existence of a localized to extended states transition with\nincreasing disorder, insensitive to disorder strength, in weak disorder limit;\nthe spectral statistics at the critical point corresponds to a critical\nBrownian ensemble, a non-equilibrium universality class of random matrix\nensembles, intermediate to Poisson and Gaussian orthogonal ensemble. With\nincreasing disorder, the statistics again approaches Poisson limit indicating a\nlocalization -> extended -> localization transition of the wave-dynamics. Our\nanalysis also reveals a hidden connection of weakly disordered flat bands to a\nwide-range of other complex systems including standard Anderson Hamiltonian.",
        "positive": "Aging in a Structural Glass: We discuss the relaxation dynamics of a simple structural glass which has\nbeen quenched below its glass transition temperature. We demonstrate that time\ncorrelation functions show strong aging effects and investigate in what way the\nfluctuation dissipation theorem is violated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evidence for multiple Liquid-liquid phase transitions in carbon, and the\n  Friedel-ordering of its liquid state: Carbon, the fourth most abundant element in the Universe forms a metallic\nfluid with transient covalent bonds on melting. Its liquid-liquid phase\ntransitions, intensely sought using simulations had been elusive. Here we use\ndensity functional theory (DFT) simulations with up to 108 atoms using\nmolecular dynamics, as well as one-atom DFT as implemented in the neutral\npseudo-atom method where multi-atom effects are treated by ion-ion correlation\nfunctionals. Both methods use electron-electron exchange correlation\nfunctionals for electron many-body effects. Here we show using both methods,\nthat liquid carbon displays multiple liquid-liquid transitions linked to\nchanges in coordination number in the density range 3 g/cm$^3$, to $\\sim$ 6\ng/cm$^3$ when a coordination number of 12 is reached. The transitions disappear\nby 4 eV in temperature. The calculated pressures and transition densities are\nshown to be sensitive to the exchange-correlation functionals used.\nSignificantly, we find that a simple metallic model yields the structure\nfactors and thermodynamics with quantitative accuracy, without invoking any\ncovalent-bonding features. The ion-ion structure factor for these densities and\ntemperatures is found to have a subpeak tied to twice the Fermi wavevector,\nconstraining the fluid in momentum space. The dominant Friedel oscillations\nforming the pair interactions correlate the ions and drive the multiple\nliquid-liquid phase transitions. Our results suggest that liquid carbon\ntypifies a class of fluids whose structure is ordered by the long-range Friedel\noscillations in the pair-potentials. These results are critical to terrestrial\nand astrophysical studies, inertial fusion using carbon drivers, refined shock\nexperiments, and in seeking new carbon-based materials.",
        "positive": "Chaotic diffusion for particles moving in a time dependent potential\n  well: The chaotic diffusion for particles moving in a time dependent potential well\nis described by using two different procedures: (i) via direct evolution of the\nmapping describing the dynamics and ; (ii) by the solution of the diffusion\nequation. The dynamic of the diffusing particles is made by the use of a two\ndimensional, nonlinear area preserving map for the variables energy and time.\nThe phase space of the system is mixed containing both chaos, periodic regions\nand invariant spanning curves limiting the diffusion of the chaotic particles.\nThe chaotic evolution for an ensemble of particles is treated as random\nparticles motion and hence described by the diffusion equation. The boundary\nconditions impose that the particles can not cross the invariant spanning\ncurves, serving as upper boundary for the diffusion, nor the lowest energy\ndomain that is the energy the particles escape from the time moving potential\nwell. The diffusion coefficient is determined via the equation of the mapping\nwhile the analytical solution of the diffusion equation gives the probability\nto find a given particle with a certain energy at a specific time. The momenta\nof the probability describe qualitatively the behavior of the average energy\nobtained by numerical simulation, which is investigated either as a function of\nthe time as well as some of the control parameters of the problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-time thermodynamics of port-Hamiltonian systems: In this paper, we identify a class of time-varying port-Hamiltonian systems\nthat is suitable for studying problems at the intersection of statistical\nmechanics and control of physical systems. Those port-Hamiltonian systems are\nable to modify their internal structure as well as their interconnection with\nthe environment over time. The framework allows us to prove the First and\nSecond laws of thermodynamics, but also lets us apply results from optimal and\nstochastic control theory to physical systems. In particular, we show how to\nuse linear control theory to optimally extract work from a single heat source\nover a finite time interval in the manner of Maxwell's demon. Furthermore, the\noptimal controller is a time-varying port-Hamiltonian system, which can be\nphysically implemented as a variable linear capacitor and transformer. We also\nuse the theory to design a heat engine operating between two heat sources in\nfinite-time Carnot-like cycles of maximum power, and we compare those two heat\nengines.",
        "positive": "Phase transition in a non-conserving driven diffusive system: An asymmetric exclusion process comprising positive particles, negative\nparticles and vacancies is introduced. The model is defined on a ring and the\ndynamics does not conserve the number of particles. We solve the steady state\nexactly and show that it can exhibit a continuous phase transition in which the\ndensity of vacancies decreases to zero. The model has no absorbing state and\nfurnishes an example of a one-dimensional phase transition in a homogeneous\nnon-conserving system which does not belong to the absorbing state universality\nclasses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Diffusion In Microrheology: A Comparative Study: We present a comparative study on two theoretical descriptions of\nmicrorheological experiments. Using a generalized Langevin equation (GLE), we\nanalyze the origin of the power-law behavior of the main properties of a\nviscoelastic medium. Then, we discuss the equivalence of the GLE with a\ngeneralized Fokker-Planck equation (GFPE), and how more general GFPE's can be\nderived from a thermo-kinetic formalism. These complementary theories lead to a\njustification for the physical nature of the Hurst exponent of fractional\nkinetics. Theory is compared with experiments.",
        "positive": "Consensus formation on a triad scale-free network: Several cases of the Sznajd model of socio-physics, that only a group of\npeople sharing the same opinion can convince their neighbors, have been\nsimulated on a more realistic network with a stronger clustering. In addition,\nmany opinions, instead of usually only two, and a convincing probability have\nbeen also considered. Finally, with minor changes we obtain a vote distribution\nin good agreement with reality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic bounds for diffusion in non-equilibrium systems with\n  multiple timescales: We derive a Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation bounding the mean squared\ndisplacement of a Gaussian process with memory, driven out of equilibrium by\nunbalanced thermal baths and/or by external forces. Our bound is tighter with\nrespect to previous results and also holds at finite time. We apply our\nfindings to experimental and numerical data for a many-body interacting\ngranular fluid, characterized by regimes of anomalous diffusion. In some cases,\nour relation can distinguish between equilibrium and non-equilibrium behavior,\na non-trivial inference task, particularly for Gaussian processes.",
        "positive": "Thermal boundaries in kinetic and hydrodynamic limits: We investigate how a thermal boundary, modelled by a Langevin dynamics,\naffect the macroscopic evolution of the energy at different space-time scales."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-phase coexistence in the hard-disk model: A two-dimensional system of 10000 hard disks with square periodic boundary\nconditions, at a density in the middle of the 2-phase region predicted from\nequation-of-state data, when subjected to a weak external uniform force, is\nseen to phase separate. Thermodynamic profiles of the inhomogeneous two-phase\nsystem agree with the local density approximation (LDA) of density functional\ntheory. There is no indication of any mesophase.",
        "positive": "Kernel methods for interpretable machine learning of order parameters: Machine learning is capable of discriminating phases of matter, and finding\nassociated phase transitions, directly from large data sets of raw state\nconfigurations. In the context of condensed matter physics, most progress in\nthe field of supervised learning has come from employing neural networks as\nclassifiers. Although very powerful, such algorithms suffer from a lack of\ninterpretability, which is usually desired in scientific applications in order\nto associate learned features with physical phenomena. In this paper, we\nexplore support vector machines (SVMs) which are a class of supervised kernel\nmethods that provide interpretable decision functions. We find that SVMs can\nlearn the mathematical form of physical discriminators, such as order\nparameters and Hamiltonian constraints, for a set of two-dimensional spin\nmodels: the ferromagnetic Ising model, a conserved-order-parameter Ising model,\nand the Ising gauge theory. The ability of SVMs to provide interpretable\nclassification highlights their potential for automating feature detection in\nboth synthetic and experimental data sets for condensed matter and other\nmany-body systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite size corrections to the large deviation function of the density\n  in the one dimensional symmetric simple exclusion process: The symmetric simple exclusion process is one of the simplest\nout-of-equilibrium systems for which the steady state is known. Its large\ndeviation functional of the density has been computed in the past both by\nmicroscopic and macroscopic approaches. Here we obtain the leading finite size\ncorrection to this large deviation functional. The result is compared to the\nsimilar corrections for equilibrium systems.",
        "positive": "Effects of turbulent transfer on the critical behaviour: Critical behaviour of two systems, subjected to the turbulent mixing, is\nstudied by means of the field theoretic renormalization group. The first\nsystem, described by the equilibrium model A, corresponds to relaxational\ndynamics of a non-conserved order parameter. The second one is the strongly\nnonequilibrium reaction-diffusion system, known as Gribov process or directed\npercolation process. The turbulent mixing is modelled by the stochastic\nNavier-Stokes equation with random stirring force with the correlator \\propto\n\\delta(t-t') p^{4-d-y}, where p is the wave number, d is the space dimension\nand y the arbitrary exponent. It is shown that, depending on the relation\nbetween y and d, the systems exhibit various types of critical behaviour. In\naddition to known regimes (original systems without mixing and passively\nadvected scalar field), existence of new strongly nonequilibrium universality\nclasses is established, and the corresponding critical dimensions are\ncalculated to the first order of the double expansion in y and \\epsilon=4-d\n(one-loop approximation)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Social Percolation and the Influence of Mass Media: Mass media shift the percolative phase transition observed in the marketing\nmodel of Solomon and Weisbuch.",
        "positive": "Analytical results for generalized persistence properties of smooth\n  processes: We present a general scheme to calculate within the independent interval\napproximation generalized (level-dependent) persistence properties for\nprocesses having a finite density of zero-crossings. Our results are especially\nrelevant for the diffusion equation evolving from random initial conditions,\none of the simplest coarsening systems. Exact results are obtained in certain\nlimits, and rely on a new method to deal with constrained multiplicative\nprocesses. An excellent agreement of our analytical predictions with direct\nnumerical simulations of the diffusion equation is found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nature versus Nurture in Complex and Not-So-Complex Systems: Understanding the dynamical behavior of many-particle systems both in and out\nof equilibrium is a central issue in both statistical mechanics and complex\nsystems theory. One question involves \"nature versus nurture\": given a system\nwith a random initial state evolving through a well-defined stochastic\ndynamics, how much of the information contained in the state at future times\ndepends on the initial condition (\"nature\") and how much on the dynamical\nrealization (\"nurture\")? We discuss this question and present both old and new\nresults for low-dimensional Ising spin systems.",
        "positive": "The Hierarchical Random Energy Model: We introduce a Random Energy Model on a hierarchical lattice where the\ninteraction strength between variables is a decreasing function of their mutual\nhierarchical distance, making it a non-mean field model. Through small coupling\nseries expansion and a direct numerical solution of the model, we provide\nevidence for a spin glass condensation transition similar to the one occuring\nin the usual mean field Random Energy Model. At variance with mean field, the\nhigh temperature branch of the free-energy is non-analytic at the transition\npoint."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Measurement-induced dynamics of many-body systems at quantum criticality: We consider a dynamic protocol for quantum many-body systems, which enables\nto study the interplay between unitary Hamiltonian driving and random local\nprojective measurements. While the unitary dynamics tends to increase\nentanglement, local measurements tend to disentangle, thus favoring\ndecoherence. Close to a quantum transition where the system develops critical\ncorrelations with diverging length scales, the competition of the two drivings\nis analyzed within a dynamic scaling framework, allowing us to identify a\nregime (dynamic scaling limit) where the two mechanisms develop a nontrivial\ninterplay. We perform a numerical analysis of this protocol in a\nmeasurement-driven Ising chain, which supports the scaling laws we put forward.\nThe local measurement process generally tends to suppress quantum correlations,\neven in the dynamic scaling limit. The power law of the decay of the quantum\ncorrelations turns out to be enhanced at the quantum transition.",
        "positive": "Scaling behavior of transient dynamics of vortex-like states in\n  self-propelled particles: Nonequilibrium many-body transient dynamics play an important role in the\nadaptation of active matter systems environment changes. However, the generic\nuniversal behavior of such dynamics is usually elusive and left as open\nquestions. Here, we investigate the transient dynamics of vortex-like states in\na two-dimensional active matter system that consists of self-propelled\nparticles with alignment interactions subjected to extrinsic environmental\nnoise. We identify a universal power-law scaling for the average lifetime of\nvortex-like states with respect to the speed of the self-propelled particles.\nThis universal scaling behavior manifests strong robustness against the noise,\nup to the level where influences from environmental fluctuations are large\nenough to directly randomize the moving directions of particles. Direct\nexperimental observations can be readily performed by related experimental\nsetups operated at a decently low noise level."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Radius of Gyration, Contraction Factors, and Subdivisions of Topological\n  Polymers: We consider the topologically constrained random walk model for topological\npolymers. In this model, the polymer forms an arbitrary graph whose edges are\nselected from an appropriate multivariate Gaussian which takes into account the\nconstraints imposed by the graph type. We recover the result that the expected\nradius of gyration can be given exactly in terms of the Kirchhoff index of the\ngraph. We then consider the expected radius of gyration of a topological\npolymer whose edges are subdivided into $n$ pieces. We prove that the\ncontraction factor of a subdivided polymer approaches a limit as the number of\nsubdivisions increases, and compute the limit exactly in terms of the\ndegree-Kirchhoff index of the original graph. This limit corresponds to the\nthermodynamic limit in statistical mechanics and is fundamental in the physics\nof topological polymers. Furthermore, these asymptotic contraction factors are\nshown to fit well with molecular dynamics simulations.",
        "positive": "Universal behavior of extreme value statistics for selected observables\n  of dynamical systems: The main results of the extreme value theory developed for the investigation\nof the observables of dynamical systems rely, up to now, on the Gnedenko\napproach. In this framework, extremes are basically identified with the block\nmaxima of the time series of the chosen observable, in the limit of infinitely\nlong blocks. It has been proved that, assuming suitable mixing conditions for\nthe underlying dynamical systems, the extremes of a specific class of\nobservables are distributed according to the so called Generalized Extreme\nValue (GEV) distribution. Direct calculations show that in the case of\nquasi-periodic dynamics the block maxima are not distributed according to the\nGEV distribution. In this paper we show that, in order to obtain a universal\nbehaviour of the extremes, the requirement of a mixing dynamics can be relaxed\nif the Pareto approach is used, based upon considering the exceedances over a\ngiven threshold. Requiring that the invariant measure locally scales with a\nwell defined exponent - the local dimension -, we show that the limiting\ndistribution for the exceedances of the observables previously studied with the\nGnedenko approach is a Generalized Pareto distribution where the parameters\ndepends only on the local dimensions and the value of the threshold. This\nresult allows to extend the extreme value theory for dynamical systems to the\ncase of regular motions. We also provide connections with the results obtained\nwith the Gnedenko approach. In order to provide further support to our\nfindings, we present the results of numerical experiments carried out\nconsidering the well-known Chirikov standard map."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat conduction in the \u03b1-\u03b2-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chain: Recent simulation results on heat conduction in a one-dimensional chain with\nan asymmetric inter-particle interaction potential and no onsite potential\nfound non-anomalous heat transport in accordance to Fourier's law. This is a\nsurprising result since it was long believed that heat conduction in\none-dimensional systems is in general anomalous in the sense that the thermal\nconductivity diverges as the system size goes to infinity. In this paper we\nreport on detailed numerical simulations of this problem to investigate the\npossibility of a finite temperature phase transition in this system. Our\nresults indicate that the unexpected results for asymmetric potentials is a\nresult of insufficient chain length, and does not represent the asymptotic\nbehavior.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Pooling Networks: We introduce and define the concept of a stochastic pooling network (SPN), as\na model for sensor systems where redundancy and two forms of 'noise' -- lossy\ncompression and randomness -- interact in surprising ways. Our approach to\nanalyzing SPNs is information theoretic. We define an SPN as a network with\nmultiple nodes that each produce noisy and compressed measurements of the same\ninformation. An SPN must combine all these measurements into a single further\ncompressed network output, in a way dictated solely by naturally occurring\nphysical properties -- i.e. pooling -- and yet causes no (or negligible)\nreduction in mutual information. This means SPNs exhibit redundancy reduction\nas an emergent property of pooling. The SPN concept is applicable to examples\nin biological neural coding, nano-electronics, distributed sensor networks,\ndigital beamforming arrays, image processing, multiaccess communication\nnetworks and social networks. In most cases the randomness is assumed to be\nunavoidably present rather than deliberately introduced. We illustrate the\ncentral properties of SPNs for several case studies, where pooling occurs by\nsummation, including nodes that are noisy scalar quantizers, and nodes with\nconditionally Poisson statistics. Other emergent properties of SPNs and some\nunsolved problems are also briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hot band sound: Chaotic lattice models at high temperature are generically expected to\nexhibit diffusive transport of all local conserved charges. Such diffusive\ntransport is usually associated with overdamped relaxation of the associated\ncurrents. Here we show that by appropriately tuning the inter-particle\ninteractions, lattice models of chaotic fermions at infinite temperature can be\nmade to cross over from an overdamped regime of diffusion to an underdamped\nregime of \"hot band sound\". We study a family of one-dimensional spinless\nfermion chains with long-range density-density interactions, in which the\ndamping time of sound waves can be made arbitrarily long even as an effective\ninteraction strength is held fixed. Our results demonstrate that underdamped\nsound waves of charge density can arise within a single band, far from\nintegrability, and at very high temperature.",
        "positive": "Logarithmic negativity in out-of-equilibrium open free-fermion chains:\n  An exactly solvable case: We derive the quasiparticle picture for the fermionic logarithmic negativity\nin a tight-binding chain subject to gain and loss dissipation. We focus on the\ndynamics after the quantum quench from the fermionic N\\'eel state. We consider\nthe negativity between both adjacent and disjoint intervals embedded in an\ninfinite chain. Our result holds in the standard hydrodynamic limit of large\nsubsystems and long times, with their ratio fixed. Additionally, we consider\nthe weakly-dissipative limit, in which the dissipation rates are inversely\nproportional to the size of the intervals. We show that the negativity is\nproportional to the number of entangled pairs of quasiparticles that are shared\nbetween the two intervals, as is the case for the mutual information.\nCrucially, in contrast with the unitary case, the negativity content of\nquasiparticles is not given by the R\\'enyi entropy with R\\'enyi index 1/2, and\nit is in general not easily related to thermodynamic quantities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution for the quench dynamics of a nested integrable system: Integrable models provide an exact description for a wide variety of physical\nphenomena. For example nested integrable systems contain different species of\ninteracting particles with a rich phenomenology in their collective behavior,\nwhich is the origin of the unconventional phenomenon of spin-charge separation.\nSo far, however, most of the theoretical work in the study of non-equilibrium\ndynamics of integrable systems has been focusing on models with an elementary\n(i.e., not nested) Bethe ansatz. In this work we explicitly investigate quantum\nquenches in nested integrable systems, by generalizing the application of the\nQuench Action approach. Specifically, we consider the spin-$1$ Lai-Sutherland\nmodel, described, in the thermodynamic limit, by the theory of two different\nspecies of Bethe-ansatz particles, each one forming an infinite number of bound\nstates. We focus on the situation where the quench dynamics starts from a\nsimple matrix product state for which the overlaps with the eigenstates of the\nHamiltonian are known. We fully characterize the post-quench steady state and\nperform several consistency checks for the validity of our results. Finally, we\nprovide predictions for the propagation of entanglement and mutual information\nafter the quench, which can be used as signature of the quasi-particle content\nof the model.",
        "positive": "Stochastic lists: Sampling multi-variable functions with population\n  methods: We introduce the method of stochastic lists to deal with a multi-variable\npositive function, defined by a self-consistent equation, typical for certain\nproblems in physics and mathematics. In this approach, the function's\nproperties are represented statistically by lists containing a large collection\nof sets of coordinates (or \"walkers\") that are distributed according to the\nfunction's value. The coordinates are generated stochastically by the\nMetropolis algorithm and may replace older entries according to some protocol.\nWhile stochastic lists offer a solution to the impossibility of efficiently\ncomputing and storing multi-variable functions without a systematic bias,\nextrapolation in the inverse of the number of walkers is usually difficult,\neven though in practice very good results are found already for short lists.\nThis situation is reminiscent of diffusion Monte Carlo, and is hence generic\nfor all population-based methods. We illustrate the method by computing the\nlowest-order vertex corrections in Hedin's scheme for the Fr\\\"ohlich polaron\nand the ground state energy and wavefunction of the Heisenberg model in two\ndimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Semi-infinite jellium: Step potential model: The surface energy, the one-particle distribution function of electrons, etc.\nof a semi-bounded metal within the framework of the semi-infinite jellium are\ncalculated. The influence of the potential barrier height on these\ncharacteristics is studied. The barrier height is found from the condition of\nthe minimum of the surface energy. The surface energy is positive in the entire\ndomain of the Wigner-Seitz radius of metals, and it is in sufficiently good\nagreement with experimental data.",
        "positive": "Dimensional Crossover for the Bose -- Einstein Condensation of an Ideal\n  Bose Gas: We study an ideal Bose gas of N atoms contained in a box formed by two\nidentical planar and parallel surfaces S, enclosed by a mantle of height a\nperpendicular to them. Calling r0 the mean atomic distance, we assume S >> r0^2\nwhile a may be comparable to r0. In the bidimensional limit (a/r0 << 1) we find\na macroscopic number of atoms in the condensate at temperatures T ~1/log(N);\ntherefore, condensation cannot be described in terms of intensive quantities;\nin addition, it occurs at temperatures not too low in comparison to the\ntridimensional case. When condensation is present we also find a macroscopic\noccupation of the low--lying excited states. In addition, the condensation\nphenomenon is sensitive to the shape of S. The former two effects are\nsignificant for a nanoscopic system. The tridimensional limit is slowly\nattained for increasing (a/r0), roughly at (a/r0) ~ 10^{2}-10^{3}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal control of nucleation and propagation transition stresses in\n  discrete lattices with non-local interactions and non-convex energy: Non-local and non-convex energies represent fundamental interacting effects\nregulating the complex behavior of many systems in biophysics and materials\nscience. We study one dimensional, prototypical schemes able to represent the\nbehavior of several biomacromolecules and the phase transformation phenomena in\nsolid mechanics. To elucidate the effects of thermal fluctuations on the\nnon-convex non-local behavior of such systems, we consider three models of\ndifferent complexity relying on thermodynamics and statistical mechanics: (i)\nan Ising-type scheme with an arbitrary temperature dependent number of\ninterfaces between different domains, (ii) a zipper model with a single\ninterface between two evolving domains, and (iii) an approximation based on the\nstationary phase method. In all three cases, we study the system under both\nisometric condition (prescribed extension, matching with the Helmholtz ensemble\nof the statistical mechanics) and isotensional condition (applied force,\nmatching with the Gibbs ensemble). Interestingly, in the Helmholtz ensemble the\nanalysis shows the possibility of interpreting the experimentally observed\nthermal effects with the theoretical force-extension relation characterized by\na temperature dependent force plateau (Maxwell stress) and a force peak\n(nucleation stress). We obtain explicit relations for the configurational\nproperties of the system as well (expected values of the phase fractions and\nnumber of interfaces). Moreover, we are able to prove the equivalence of the\ntwo thermodynamic ensembles in the thermodynamic limit. We finally discuss the\ncomparison with data from the literature showing the efficiency of the proposed\nmodel in describing known experimental effects.",
        "positive": "Abundance of Nanoclusters in a Molecular Beam: The Magic Numbers: We review the theory behind abundance of experimentally observed nanoclusters\nproduced in beams, aiming to understand their magic number behavior. It is\nshown how use of statistical physics, with certain assumptions, reduces the\ncalculation of equilibrium abundance to that of partition functions of single\nclusters. Methods to practically calculate these partition functions are\nintroduced. As an illustration, we compute the abundance of Lennard-Jones\nclusters at low temperatures, which reveals their experimentally observed magic\nnumber behavior. We then briefly review kinetic approach to the problem and\ncomment on the interplay between chemical, mechanical and thermodynamic\nstability of the clusters in more generality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strong Correlations and Fickian Water Diffusion in Narrow Carbon\n  Nanotubes: We have used atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the\nstructure and dynamics of water molecules inside an open ended carbon nanotube\nplaced in a bath of water molecules. The size of the nanotube allows only a\nsingle file of water molecules inside the nanotube. The water molecules inside\nthe nanotube show solid-like ordering at room temperature, which we quantify by\ncalculating the pair correlation function. It is shown that even for the\nlongest observation times, the mode of diffusion of the water molecules inside\nthe nanotube is Fickian and not sub-diffusive. We also propose a\none-dimensional random walk model for the diffusion of the water molecules\ninside the nanotube. We find good agreement between the mean-square\ndisplacements calculated from the random walk model and from MD simulations,\nthereby confirming that the water molecules undergo normal-mode diffusion\ninside the nanotube. We attribute this behavior to strong positional\ncorrelations that cause all the water molecules inside the nanotube to move\ncollectively as a single object. The average residence time of the water\nmolecules inside the nanotube is shown to scale quadratically with the nanotube\nlength.",
        "positive": "Singly-Thermostated Ergodicity in Gibbs' Canonical Ensemble and the 2016\n  Ian Snook Prize: For a harmonic oscillator, Nos\\'e's single-thermostat approach to simulating\nGibbs' canonical ensemble with dynamics samples only a small fraction of the\nphase space. Nos\\'e's approach has been improved in a series of three steps: [\n1 ] several two-thermostat sets of motion equations have been found which cover\nthe complete phase space in an ergodic fashion, [ 2 ] sets of single-thermostat\nmotion equations, exerting \"weak control\" over both forces and momenta, have\nbeen shown to be ergodic, and [ 3 ] sets of single-thermostat motion equations\nexerting weak control over two velocity moments provide ergodic phase-space\nsampling for the oscillator and for the rigid pendulum, but not for the quartic\noscillator or for the Mexican Hat potential. The missing fourth step, motion\nequations providing ergodic sampling for anharmonic potentials requires a\nfurther advance. The 2016 Ian Snook Prize will be awarded to the author(s) of\nthe most interesting original submission addressing the problem of finding\nergodic algorithms for Gibbs' canonical ensemble using a single thermostat."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Breakdown of a topological phase: Quantum phase transition in a loop gas\n  model with tension: We study the stability of topological order against local perturbations by\nconsidering the effect of a magnetic field on a spin model -- the toric code --\nwhich is in a topological phase. The model can be mapped onto a quantum loop\ngas where the perturbation introduces a bare loop tension. When the loop\ntension is small, the topological order survives. When it is large, it drives a\ncontinuous quantum phase transition into a magnetic state. The transition can\nbe understood as the condensation of `magnetic' vortices, leading to\nconfinement of the elementary `charge' excitations. We also show how the\ntopological order breaks down when the system is coupled to an Ohmic heat bath\nand discuss our results in the context of quantum computation applications.",
        "positive": "A heuristic rule for classification of classical fluids: Master curves\n  for Mie, Yukawa and square-well potentials: A shift of the vapor-liquid coexistence curves by the critical value of the\nreduced second virial coefficient yields striking data collapses to define\nmaster curves. This is observed for the Mie, Yukawa and square-well fluids of\ndifferent attractive ranges. This modification of the extended\ncorresponding-states law of Noro and Frenkel strongly improves the outcomes\nfrom the van der Waals principle. Moreover, this shifted extended principle\nmakes the master curves from Mie and Yukawa potentials to be one on top of the\nother. The square-well potential forms two well defined master curves, each one\ncorresponding to different effective critical exponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Electron shelving induced lasing in cold bosonic atoms in optical\n  lattice: We calculate the absorption spectrum of cold three level Helium atoms in\nlambda configuration in an optical lattice.Our results show the possibilty of\nlasing at certain points on the optical lattice which are capable of rendering\none of the transitions metastable as compared to the other. A coherent control\nover the stimulated emission is possible using an axial magnetic field.",
        "positive": "Systematic enumeration of configuration classes for entropic sampling of\n  Ising models: We describe a systematic method for complete enumeration of configuration\nclasses (CCs) of the spin-1/2 Ising model in the energy-magnetization plane.\nThis technique is applied to the antiferromagnetic Ising model in an external\nmagnetic field on the square lattice, which is simulated using the tomographic\nentropic sampling algorithm. We estimate the number of configurations,\n$\\Omega(E,m,L)$, and related microcanonical averages, for all allowed energies\n$E$ and magnetizations $m$ for $L = 10$ to 30, with $\\Delta L = 2$. With prior\nknowledge of the CCs, we can be sure that all allowed classes are sampled\nduring the simulation. Complete enumeration of CCs also enables us to use the\nfinal estimate of $\\Omega(E,m,L)$ to obtain good initial estimates,\n$\\Omega_0(E,m,L')$, for successive system sizes ($L' > L$) through a\ntwo-dimensional interpolation. Using these results we calculate canonical\naverages of the thermodynamic quantities of interest as continuous functions of\ntemperature $T$ and external field $h$. In addition, we determine the critical\nline in the $h$-$T$ plane using finite-size scaling analysis, and compare these\nresults with several approximate theoretical expressions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Loop Calculus in Statistical Physics and Information Science: Considering a discrete and finite statistical model of a general position we\nintroduce an exact expression for the partition function in terms of a finite\nseries. The leading term in the series is the Bethe-Peierls (Belief\nPropagation)-BP contribution, the rest are expressed as loop-contributions on\nthe factor graph and calculated directly using the BP solution. The series\nunveils a small parameter that often makes the BP approximation so successful.\nApplications of the loop calculus in statistical physics and information\nscience are discussed.",
        "positive": "Pulsed Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling of Falling Bose Condensates: We investigate macroscopic quantum tunneling of a Bose condensate and how it\nis affected by the interatomic interaction. We study the dynamics of a\ncondensate falling under gravity and scattering on a Gaussian potential barrier\nthat models a mirror formed by a far-detuned sheet of light. We observe\nbouncing, interference and quantum tunneling of the condensate. We find that\nthe tunneling rate is very sensitive to the interatomic interaction and to the\nshape of the condensate. Under many conditions the tunneling rate is strongly\nenhanced by the interaction as achieved, for instance, by increasing the number\nof condensed particles. In a quasi 1D situation the tunneling pulse displays\ntwo peaks. The quantum tunneling can be quasi-periodic and in this way one\ncould generate coherent Bose condensed atomic pulses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin-glass transition in the Ising model on multiplex networks: Multiplex networks consist of a fixed set of nodes connected by several sets\nof edges which are generated separately and correspond to different networks\n(\"layers\"). Here, the Ising model on multiplex networks with two layers is\nconsidered, with spins located in the nodes and edges corresponding to\nferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic interactions between them. Critical\ntemperatures for the spin glass and ferromagnetic transitions are evaluated for\nthe layers in the form of random Erd\\\"os-R\\'enyi graphs or heterogeneous\nscale-free networks using the replica method, from the replica symmetric\nsolution. For the Ising model on multiplex networks with scale-free layers it\nis shown that the critical temperature is finite if the distributions of the\ndegrees of nodes within both layers have a finite second moment, and that\ndepending on the model parameters the transition can be to the ferromagnetic or\nspin glass phase. It is also shown that the correlation between the degrees of\nnodes within different layers significantly influences the critical\ntemperatures for both transitions and thus the phase diagram. The scaling\nbehavior for the spin glass order parameter is determined by a semi-analytic\nprocedure and it is shown that for the Ising model on multiplex networks with\nscale-free layers the scaling exponent can depend on the distributions of the\ndegrees of nodes within layers. The analytic results are partly confirmed by\nMonte Carlo simulations using the parallel tempering algorithm.",
        "positive": "The exact evaluation of the corner-to-corner resistance of an M x N\n  resistor network: Asymptotic expansion: We study the corner-to-corner resistance of an M x N resistor network with\nresistors r and s in the two spatial directions, and obtain an asymptotic\nexpansion of its exact expression for large M and N. For M = N, r = s =1, our\nresult is\n  R_{NxN} = (4/pi) log N + 0.077318 + 0.266070/N^2 - 0.534779/N^4 + O(1/N^6)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic uncertainty relation and thermodynamic speed limit in\n  deterministic chemical reaction networks: We generalize thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) and thermodynamic\nspeed limit (TSL) for deterministic chemical reaction networks (CRNs). The\nscaled diffusion coefficient derived by considering the connection between\nmacroscopic CRNs and mesoscopic CRNs plays an essential role in our results.\nThe TUR shows that the product of the entropy production rate and the ratio of\nthe scaled diffusion coefficient to the square of the rate of concentration\nchange is bounded below by 2. The TSL states a trade-off relation between speed\nand thermodynamic quantities, the entropy production and the time-averaged\nscaled diffusion coefficient. The results are proved under the general setting\nof open and non-ideal CRNs.",
        "positive": "Temperature- and Size-dependence of Line shape of ESR spectra of XXZ\n  antiferromagnetic chain: The ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) spectrum of the XXZ spin chain with finite\nlength shows a double-peak structure at high temperatures around the EPR\n(Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) resonance frequency. This fact has been\npointed out by direct numerical methods (S. El Shawish, O. Cepas and S.\nMiyashita; H. Ikeuchi, H. De Raedt, S. Bertaina and S. Miyashita). On the other\nhand, at low temperatures the spectrum has a single peak with a finite shift\nfrom the frequency of EPR as predicted by the analysis of field theoretical\nworks (M. Oshikawa and I. Affleck). We study how the spectrum changes with the\ntemperature, and also we study the size-dependence of the line shape including\nthe even-odd effect. In order to understand those dependences, we introduce a\ndecomposition of the spectrum into contributions from transitions specified by\nmagnetization, and we characterize the structure of the spectrum by individual\ncontributions. Applying the moment method introduced by M. Brockman et al., to\neach component, we analyze the size-dependence of the structure of the\nspectrum, which supports the numerical observation that separation of the\ndouble-peak structure vanishes inversely with the size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A microscopic model for solidification: We present a novel picture of a non isothermal solidification process\nstarting from a molecular level, where the microscopic origin of the basic\nmechanisms and of the instabilities characterizing the approach to equilibrium\nis rendered more apparent than in existing approaches based on coarse grained\nfree energy functionals \\`a la Landau.\n  The system is composed by a lattice of Potts spins, which change their state\naccording to the stochastic dynamics proposed some time ago by Creutz. Such a\nmethod is extended to include the presence of latent heat and thermal\nconduction.\n  Not only the model agrees with previous continuum treatments, but it allows\nto introduce in a consistent fashion the microscopic stochastic fluctuations.\nThese play an important role in nucleating the growing solid phase in the melt.\nThe approach is also very satisfactory from the quantitative point of view\nsince the relevant growth regimes are fully characterized in terms of scaling\nexponents.",
        "positive": "Transport in the sine-Gordon field theory: from generalized\n  hydrodynamics to semiclassics: The semiclassical approach introduced by Sachdev and collaborators proved to\nbe extremely successful in the study of quantum quenches in massive field\ntheories, both in homogeneous and inhomogeneous settings. While conceptually\nvery simple, this method allows one to obtain analytic predictions for several\nobservables when the density of excitations produced by the quench is small. At\nthe same time, a novel generalized hydrodynamic (GHD) approach, which captures\nexactly many asymptotic features of the integrable dynamics, has recently been\nintroduced. Interestingly, also this theory has a natural interpretation in\nterms of semiclassical particles and it is then natural to compare the two\napproaches. This is the objective of this work: we carry out a systematic\ncomparison between the two methods in the prototypical example of the\nsine-Gordon field theory. In particular, we study the \"bipartitioning protocol\"\nwhere the two halves of a system initially prepared at different temperatures\nare joined together and then left to evolve unitarily with the same\nHamiltonian. We identify two different limits in which the semiclassical\npredictions are analytically recovered from GHD: a particular non-relativistic\nlimit and the low temperature regime. Interestingly, the transport of\ntopological charge becomes sub-ballistic in these cases. Away from these limits\nwe find that the semiclassical predictions are only approximate and, in\ncontrast to the latter, the transport is always ballistic. This statement seems\nto hold true even for the so-called \"hybrid\" semiclassical approach, where\nfinite time DMRG simulations are used to describe the evolution in the internal\nspace."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "$q$-deformed Fermion in Many-Particle Systems and Its Application to BCS\n  Theory: In recent decades, there have been increasing interests in quantum statistics\nbeyond the standard Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein statistics, such as the\nfractional statistics, quon statistics, anyon statistics and quantum groups,\nsince they can provide some new insights into the cosmology, nuclear physics\nand condensed matter. In this paper, we study the many-particle system formed\nby the $q$-deformed fermions ($q$-fermion), which is realized by deforming the\nquantum algebra of the anticommutation relations. We investigate from a\nstandard perspective of the finite temperature field theory and try to\nconstruct the finite temperature Green's function formalism for the free\nmany-$q$-fermion system, then generalize it to the well known interacting\nfermionic system, the superconductor, and finally obtain a consistent\n$q$-deformed BCS ($q$BCS) theory. At low temperature, this theory predicts a\nSarma-like ordered phase, and we call it the $q$-deformed Sarma phase. It also\npresents a symmetric phase diagram in the parameter space and new thermodynamic\nrelations.",
        "positive": "The shape of a ponytail and the statistical physics of hair fiber\n  bundles: A general continuum theory for the distribution of hairs in a bundle is\ndeveloped, treating individual fibers as elastic filaments with random\nintrinsic curvatures. Applying this formalism to the iconic problem of the\nponytail, the combined effects of bending elasticity, gravity, and\norientational disorder are recast as a differential equation for the envelope\nof the bundle, in which the compressibility enters through an 'equation of\nstate'. From this, we identify the balance of forces in various regions of the\nponytail, extract a remarkably simple equation of state from laboratory\nmeasurements of human ponytails, and relate the pressure to the measured random\ncurvatures of individual hairs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytical results for the entanglement dynamics of disjoint blocks in\n  the XY spin chain: The study of the dynamics of entanglement measures after a quench has become\na very active area of research in the last two decades, motivated by the\ndevelopment of experimental techniques. However, exact results in this context\nare available in only very few cases. In this work, we present the proof of the\nquasiparticle picture for the dynamics of entanglement entropies for two\ndisjoint blocks in the XY chain after a quantum quench. As a byproduct, we also\nprove the quasiparticle conjecture for the mutual information in that model.\nOur calculations generalize those presented in [M. Fagotti, P. Calabrese, Phys.\nRev. A 78, 010306 (2008)] to the case where the correlation matrix is a\nblock-Toeplitz matrix, and rely on the multidimensional stationary phase\napproximation in the scaling limit. We also test the quasiparticle predictions\nagainst exact numerical calculations, and find excellent agreement. In the case\nof three blocks, we show that the tripartite information vanishes when at least\ntwo blocks are adjacent.",
        "positive": "The shearing instability of a dilute granular mixture: The shearing instability of a dilute granular mixture composed of smooth\ninelastic hard spheres or disks is investigated. By using the Navier-Stokes\nhydrodynamic equations, it is shown that the scaled transversal velocity mode\nexhibits a divergent behaviour, similarly to what happens in one-component\nsystems. The theoretical prediction for the critical size is compared with\ndirect Monte Carlo simulations of the Boltzmann equations describing the\nsystem, and a good agreement is found. The total energy fluctuations in the\nvicinity of the transition are shown to scale with the second moment of the\ndistribution. The scaling distribution function is the same as found in other\nequilibrium and non-equilibrium phase transitions, suggesting the existence of\nsome kind of universality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conformal symmetry in quasi-free Markovian open quantum systems: Conformal symmetry governs the behavior of closed systems near second-order\nphase transitions, and is expected to emerge in open systems going through\ndissipative phase transitions. We propose a framework allowing for a manifest\ndescription of conformal symmetry in open Markovian systems. The key difference\nfrom the closed case is that both conformal algebra and the algebra of local\nfields are realized on the space of superoperators. We illustrate the framework\nby a series of examples featuring systems with quadratic Hamiltonians and\nlinear jump operators, where the Liouvillian dynamics can be efficiently\nanalyzed using the formalism of third quantization. We expect that our\nframework can be extended to interacting systems using an appropriate\ngeneralization of the conformal bootstrap.",
        "positive": "Achieving the Neel state in an optical lattice: We theoretically study the possibility of reaching the antiferromagnetic\nphase of the Hubbard model by starting from a normal gas of trapped fermionic\natoms and adiabatically ramping up an optical lattice. Requirements on the\ninitial temperature and the number of atoms are determined for a three\ndimensional square lattice by evaluating the Neel state entropy, taking into\naccount fluctuations around the mean-field solution. We find that these\nfluctuations place important limitations on adiabatically reaching the Neel\nstate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Growing length scales in a supercooled liquid close to an interface: We present the results of molecular dynamics computer simulations of a simple\nglass former close to an interface between the liquid and the frozen amorphous\nphase of the same material. By investigating F_s(q,z,t), the incoherent\nintermediate scattering function for particles that have a distance z from the\nwall, we show that the relaxation dynamics of the particles close to the wall\nis much slower than the one for particles far away from the wall. For small z\nthe typical relaxation time for F_s(q,z,t) increases like exp(Delta/(z-z_p)),\nwhere Delta and z_p are constants. We use the location of the crossover from\nthis law to the bulk behavior to define a first length scale tilde{z}. A\ndifferent length scale is defined by considering the Ansatz F_s(q,z,t) =\nF_s^{bulk}(q,t) +a(t) exp[-(z/xi(t))^{beta(t)}], where a(t), xi(t), and beta(t)\nare fit parameters. We show that this Ansatz gives a very good description of\nthe data for all times and all values of z. The length xi(t) increases for\nshort and intermediate times and decreases again on the time scale of the\nalpha-relaxation of the system. The maximum value of xi(t) can thus be defined\nas a new length scale xi_max. We find that tilde{z} as well as xi_max increase\nwith decreasing temperature. The temperature dependence of this increase is\ncompatible with a divergence of the length scale at the Kauzmann temperature of\nthe bulk system.",
        "positive": "Inhomogeneous entropy production in active crystals with point\n  imperfections: The presence of defects in solids formed by active particles breaks their\ndiscrete translational symmetry. As a consequence, many of their properties\nbecome space-dependent and different from those characterizing perfectly\nordered structures. Motivated by recent numerical investigations concerning the\nnonuniform distribution of entropy production and its relation to the\nconfigurational properties of active systems, we study theoretically and\nnumerically the spatial profile of the entropy production rate when an active\nsolid contains an isotopic mass defect. The theoretical study of such an\nimperfect active crystal is conducted by employing a perturbative analysis that\nconsiders the perfectly ordered harmonic solid as a reference system. The\nperturbation theory predicts a nonuniform profile of the entropy production\nextending over large distances from the position of the impurity. The entropy\nproduction rate decays exponentially to its bulk value with a typical healing\nlength that coincides with the correlation length of the spatial velocity\ncorrelations characterizing the perfect active solids in the absence of\nimpurities. The theory is validated against numerical simulations of an active\nBrownian particle crystal in two dimensions with Weeks-Chandler-Andersen\nrepulsive interparticle potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Zero-magnon sound in quantum Heisenberg ferromagnets: Using a functional renormalization group approach we show that at low\ntemperatures and in a certain range of magnetic fields the longitudinal dynamic\nstructure factor of quantum Heisenberg ferromagnets in dimensions $D\\leq 2$\nexhibits a well-defined quasi-particle peak with linear dispersion that we\nidentify as zero-magnon sound. In $D>2$ the larger phase space available for\nthe decay into transverse spin waves leads only to a broad hump centered at\nzero frequency whose width scales linearly in momentum.",
        "positive": "Short-Time Dynamics of the Three-Dimensional Fully Frustrated Ising\n  Model: The critical relaxation from the low-temperature ordered state of the\nthree-dimensional fully frustrated Ising model on a simple cubic lattice has\nbeen studied using the short time dynamics method. Particles with the periodic\nboundary conditions containing N = 262144 spins have been studied. Calculations\nhave been performed by the standard Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm. The\nstatic critical exponents of the magnetization and correlation radius have been\nobtained. The dynamic critical exponent of the model under study has been\ncalculated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reentrant disorder-disorder transitions in generalized multicomponent\n  Widom-Rowlinson models: In the lattice version of the multicomponent Widom-Rowlinson (WR) model, each\nsite can be either empty or singly occupied by one of $M$ different particles,\nall species having the same fugacity $z$. The only nonzero interaction\npotential is a nearest-neighbor hard-core exclusion between unlike particles.\nFor $M<M_0$ with some minimum $M_0$ dependent on the lattice structure, as $z$\nincreases from 0 to $\\infty$ there is a direct transition from the disordered\n(gas) phase to a demixed (liquid) phase with one majority component at\n$z>z_d(M)$. If $M\\ge M_0$, there is an intermediate ordered \"crystal phase\"\n(composed of two nonequivalent even and odd sublattices) for $z$ lying between\n$z_c(M)$ and $z_d(M)$ which is driven by entropy. We generalize the\nmulticomponent WR model by replacing the hard-core exclusion between unlike\nparticles by more realistic large (but finite) repulsion. The model is solved\nexactly on the Bethe lattice with an arbitrary coordination number. The\nnumerical calculations, based on the corner transfer matrix renormalization\ngroup, are performed for the two-dimensional square lattice. The results for\n$M=4$ indicate that the second-order phase transitions from the disordered gas\nto the demixed phase become of first order, for an arbitrarily large finite\nrepulsion. The results for $M\\ge M_0$ show that, as the repulsion weakens, the\nregion of crystal phase diminishes itself. For weak enough repulsions, the\ndirect transition between the crystal and demixed phases changes into a\nseparate pair of crystal-gas and gas-demixed transitions; this is an example of\na disorder-disorder reentrant transition via an ordered crystal phase. If the\nrepulsion between unlike species is too weak, the crystal phase disappears from\nthe phase diagram. It is shown that the generalized WR model belongs to the\nIsing universality class.",
        "positive": "Non-thermal statistics in isolated quantum spin clusters after a series\n  of perturbations: We show numerically that a finite isolated cluster of interacting spins 1/2\nexhibits a surprising non-thermal statistics when subjected to a series of\nsmall non-adiabatic perturbations by external magnetic field. The resulting\noccupations of energy eigenstates are significantly higher than the thermal\nones on both the low and the high ends of the energy spectra. This behavior\nsemi-quantitatively agrees with the statistics predicted for the so-called\n\"quantum micro-canonical\" (QMC) ensemble, which includes all possible quantum\nsuperpositions with a given energy expectation value. Our findings also\nindicate that the eigenstates of the perturbation operators are generically\nlocalized in the energy basis of the unperturbed Hamiltonian. This kind of\nlocalization possibly protects the thermal behavior in the macroscopic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic approximation analysis of dynamical quantum critical\n  phenomena in long-range transverse-field Ising chain: The quantum phase transition of the long-range transverse-field Ising model\nis explored by combining a quantum Monte Carlo method with the optimal\ncomputational complexity scaling and stochastic parameter optimization that\nrenders space and imaginary time isotropic, specifically achieved by tuning\ncorrelation lengths. Varying the decay rate of the long-range interaction, we\nexhaustively calculate the dynamical critical exponent and the other exponents\nprecisely in mean-field, nonuniversal, and Ising universality regimes. In our\nsimulations, critical properties are extracted only from a set of simulations\nwith different $L$, significantly improving computational cost compared to the\nstandard finite-size scaling approach based on data collapse. We also perform a\nhypothesis test at the predicted universality boundary, which supports\npreceding reports arguing that conventional theoretical prediction fails to\nlocate the universality boundary.",
        "positive": "Highly detailed computational study of a surface reaction model with\n  diffusion: four algorithms analyzed via time-dependent and steady-state Monte\n  Carlo simulations: In this work, we present an extensive computational study on the\nZiff-Gulari-Barshad (ZGB) model extended in order to include the spatial\ndiffusion of oxygen atoms and carbon monoxide molecules, both adsorbed on the\nsurface. In our approach, we consider two different protocols to implement the\ndiffusion of the atoms/molecules and two different ways to combine the\ndiffusion and adsorption processes resulting in four different algorithms. The\ninfluence of the diffusion on the continuous and discontinuous phase\ntransitions of the model is analysed through two very well established methods:\nthe time-dependent Monte Carlo simulations and the steady-state Monte Carlo\nsimulations. We also use an optimization method based on a concept known as\ncoefficient of determination to construct color maps and obtain the phase\ntransitions when the parameters of the model vary. This method was proposed\nrecently to locate nonequilibrium second-order phase transitions and has been\nsuccessfully used in both systems: with defined Hamiltonian and with absorbing\nstates. The results obtained via time-dependent Monte Carlo simulation along\nwith the coefficient of determination are corroborated by traditional\nsteady-state Monte Carlo simulations also performed for the four algorithms.\nFinally, we analyse the finite-size effects on the results, as well as, the\ninfluence of the number of runs on the reliability of our estimates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological order and criticality in (2+1)D monitored random quantum\n  circuits: It has recently been discovered that random quantum circuits provide an\navenue to realize rich entanglement phase diagrams, which are hidden to\nstandard expectation values of operators. Here we study (2+1)D random circuits\nwith random Clifford unitary gates and measurements designed to stabilize\ntrivial area law and topologically ordered phases. With competing single qubit\nPauli-Z and toric code stabilizer measurements, in addition to random Clifford\nunitaries, we find a phase diagram involving a tricritical point that maps to\n(2+1)D percolation, a possibly stable critical phase, topologically ordered,\ntrivial, and volume law phases, and lines of critical points separating them.\nWith Pauli-Y single qubit measurements instead, we find an anisotropic\nself-dual tricritical point, with dynamical exponent $z \\approx 1.46$,\nexhibiting logarithmic violation of the area law and an anomalous exponent for\nthe topological entanglement entropy, which thus appears distinct from any\nknown percolation fixed point. The phase diagram also hosts a\nmeasurement-induced volume law entangled phase in the absence of unitary\ndynamics.",
        "positive": "Correlated L\u00e9vy noise in linear dynamical systems: Linear dynamical systems, driven by a non-white noise which has the Levy\ndistribution, are analysed. Noise is modelled by a specific stochastic process\nwhich is defined by the Langevin equation with a linear force and the Levy\ndistributed symmetric white noise. Correlation properties of the process are\ndiscussed. The Fokker-Planck equation driven by that noise is solved.\nDistributions have the Levy shape and their width, for a given time, is smaller\nthan for processes in the white noise limit. Applicability of the adiabatic\napproximation in the case of the linear force is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlations of the density and of the current in non-equilibrium\n  diffusive systems: We use fluctuating hydrodynamics to analyze the dynamical properties in the\nnon-equilibrium steady state of a diffusive system coupled with reservoirs. We\nderive the two-time correlations of the density and of the current in the\nhydrodynamic limit in terms of the diffusivity and the mobility. Within this\nhydrodynamic framework we discuss a generalization of the fluctuation\ndissipation relation in a non-equilibrium steady state where the response\nfunction is expressed in terms of the two-time correlations. We compare our\nresults to an exact solution of the symmetric exclusion process. This exact\nsolution also allows one to directly verify the fluctuating hydrodynamics\nequation.",
        "positive": "Geometric thermodynamics of reaction-diffusion systems: Thermodynamic\n  trade-off relations and optimal transport for pattern formation: The geometric approach to nonequilibrium thermodynamics is promising for\nunderstanding the role of dissipation and thermodynamic trade-off relations.\nThis paper proposes a geometric framework for studying the nonequilibrium\nthermodynamics of reaction-diffusion systems. Based on this framework, we\nobtain several decompositions of the entropy production rate with respect to\nconservativeness, spatial structure, and wavenumber. We also generalize optimal\ntransport theory to reaction-diffusion systems and derive several trade-off\nrelations, including thermodynamic speed limits and thermodynamic uncertainty\nrelations. The thermodynamic trade-off relations obtained in this paper shed\nlight on thermodynamic dissipation in pattern formation. We numerically\ndemonstrate our results using the\nFisher$\\unicode{x2013}$Kolmogorov$\\unicode{x2013}$Petrovsky$\\unicode{x2013}$Piskunov\nequation and the Brusselator model and discuss how the spatial pattern affects\nunavoidable dissipation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collisional properties of weakly bound heteronuclear dimers: We consider collisional properties of weakly bound heteronuclear molecules\n(dimers) formed in a two-species mixture of atoms with a large mass difference.\nWe focus on dimers containing light fermionic atoms as they manifest\ncollisional stability due to an effective dimer-dimer repulsion originating\nfrom the exchange of the light atoms. In order to solve the dimer-dimer\nscattering problem we develop a theoretical approach, which provides a\nphysically transparent and quantitative description of this four-atom system in\nterms of three- and two-body observables. We calculate the elastic scattering\namplitude and the rates of inelastic processes such as the trimer formation and\nthe relaxation of dimers into deeply bound molecular states. Irrespective of\nwhether the heavy atoms are bosons or fermions, the inelastic rate can be\nsignificantly lower than the rate of elastic collisions. Moreover, the\nmeasurement of the inelastic rate which is a four-body observable, can be an\nefficient and precise tool for determining three-body observables such as the\nthree-body parameter, positions of Efimov states and their lifetimes.",
        "positive": "Entanglement of excited states in critical spin chians: Renyi and von Neumann entropies quantifying the amount of entanglement in\nground states of critical spin chains are known to satisfy a universal law\nwhich is given by the Conformal Field Theory (CFT) describing their scaling\nregime. This law can be generalized to excitations described by primary fields\nin CFT, as was done in reference (Alcaraz et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 201601\n(2011)), of which this work is a completion. An alternative derivation is\npresented, together with numerical verifications of our results in different\nmodels belonging to the c=1,1/2 universality classes. Oscillations of the Renyi\nentropy in excited states and descendant fields are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-order transition in $XY$ model with higher-order interactions: The effect of inclusion of higher-order interactions in the {\\it XY} model on\ncritical properties is studied by Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that an\nincreasing number of the higher-order terms in the Hamiltonian modifies the\nshape of the potential, which beyond a certain value leads to the change of the\nnature of the transition from continuous to first order. The evidence for the\nfirst-order transition is provided in the form of the finite-size scaling and\nthe energy histogram analysis. A rough phase diagram is presented as a function\nof the number of the higher-order interaction terms.",
        "positive": "Novel anomalous diffusion phenomena of underdamped Langevin equation\n  with random parameters: The diffusion behavior of particles moving in complex heterogeneous\nenvironment is a very topical issue. We characterize particle's trajectory via\nan underdamped Langevin system driven by a Gaussian white noise with a time\ndependent diffusivity of velocity, together with a random relaxation timescale\n$\\tau$ to parameterize the effect of complex medium. We mainly concern how the\nrandom parameter $\\tau$ influences the diffusion behavior and ergodic property\nof this Langevin system. Besides, the comparison between the fixed and random\ninitial velocity $v_0$ is conducted to show the effect of different initial\nensembles. The heavy-tailed distribution of $\\tau$ with finite mean is found to\nsuppress the decay rate of the velocity correlation function and promote the\ndiffusion behavior, playing a competition role to the time dependent\ndiffusivity. More interestingly, a random $v_0$ with a specific distribution\ndepending on random $\\tau$ also enhances the diffusion. Both the random\nparameters $\\tau$ and $v_0$ influence the dynamics of the Langevin system in an\nnon-obvious way, which cannot be ignored even they has finite moments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipative electromagnetism from a nonequilibrium thermodynamics\n  perspective: Dissipative effects in electromagnetism on macroscopic scales are examined by\ncoarse graining the microscopic Maxwell equations with respect to time. We\nillustrate a procedure to derive the dissipative effects on the macroscopic\nscale by using a Green-Kubo type expression in terms of the microscopic\nfluctuations and the correlations between them. The resulting macroscopic\nMaxwell equations are formulated within the General Equation for the\nNon-Equilibrium Reversible-Irreversible Coupling (GENERIC) framework,\naccounting also for inhomogeneous temperature.",
        "positive": "Phase space maximal entropy random walk: Langevin-like ensembles of\n  physical trajectories: As written by statistician George Box \"All models are wrong, but some are\nuseful\", standard diffusion derivation or Feynman path ensembles use\nnonphysical infinite velocity/kinetic energy nowhere differentiable\ntrajectories - what seems wrong, might be only our approximation to simplify\nmathematics. This article introduces some basic tools to investigate this\nissue. To consider ensembles of more physical finite velocity trajectories, we\ncan work in $(x,v)$ phase space like in Langevin equation with velocity\ncontrolling spatial steps, here also controlled with spatial potential $V(x)$.\nThere are derived and compared 4 approaches to predict stationary probability\ndistributions: using Boltzmann ensemble of steps/points in space (GRW - generic\nrandom walk) or in phase space (psGRW), and analogously Boltzmann ensemble of\npaths in space (MERW - maximal entropy random walk) and in phase space\n(psMERW), also generalized to L{\\'e}vy flights. Path ensembles generally have\nmuch stronger Anderson-like localization, MERW has stationary distribution\nexactly as quantum ground state. Proposed novel MERW in phase space has some\nslight differences, which might be distinguished experimentally. For example\nfor 1D infinite potential well: $\\rho=1$ stationary distribution for step\nensemble, $\\rho\\sim \\sin^2$ for path ensemble (as in QM), and $\\rho\\sim \\sin$\nfor proposed smooth path ensembles - more frequently approaching the barriers\ndue to randomly gained velocity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scale separation in granular packings: stress plateaus and fluctuations: It is demonstrated, by numerical simulations of a 2D assembly of polydisperse\ndisks, that there exists a range (plateau) of coarse graining scales for which\nthe stress tensor field in a granular solid is nearly resolution independent,\nthereby enabling an `objective' definition of this field. Expectedly, it is not\nthe mere size of the the system but the (related) magnitudes of the gradients\nthat determine the widths of the plateaus. Ensemble averaging (even over\n`small' ensembles) extends the widths of the plateaus to sub-particle scales.\nThe fluctuations within the ensemble are studied as well. Both the response to\nhomogeneous forcing and to an external compressive localized load (and gravity)\nare studied. Implications to small solid systems and constitutive relations are\nbriefly discussed.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Properties of the One-Dimensional Two-Component Log-Gas: We consider a one-dimensional continuum gas of pointlike positive and\nnegative unit charges interacting via a logarithmic potential. The mapping onto\na two-dimensional boundary sine-Gordon field theory with zero bulk mass\nprovides the full thermodynamics (density-fugacity relationship, specific heat,\netc.) of the log-gas in the whole stability range of inverse temperatures\n$\\beta<1$. An exact formula for the excess chemical potential of a ``foreign''\nparticle of an arbitrary charge, put into the log-gas, is derived. The results\nare checked by a small-$\\beta$ expansion and at the collapse $\\beta=1$ point.\nThe possibility to go beyond the collapse temperature is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Perturbative polydispersity: Phase equilibria of near-monodisperse\n  systems: The conditions of multi-phase equilibrium are solved for generic polydisperse\nsystems. The case of multiple polydispersity is treated, where several\nproperties (e.g. size, charge, shape) simultaneously vary from one particle to\nanother. By developing a perturbative expansion in the width of the\ndistribution of constituent species, it is possible to calculate the effects of\npolydispersity alone, avoiding difficulties associated with the underlying\nmany-body problem. Explicit formulae are derived in detail, for the\npartitioning of species at coexistence and for the shift of phase boundaries\ndue to polydispersity. `Convective fractionation' is quantified, whereby one\nproperty (e.g. charge) is partitioned between phases due to a driving force on\nanother. To demonstrate the ease of use and versatility of the formulae, they\nare applied to models of a chemically-polydisperse polymer blend, and of\nfluid-fluid coexistence in polydisperse colloid-polymer mixtures. In each case,\nthe regime of coexistence is shown to be enlarged by polydispersity.",
        "positive": "Residual Entropy of Glasses and the Third Law Expression: The third law of thermodynamics dictates that the entropy of materials\nbecomes zero as temperature ($T$) approaches zero. Contrarily, glass and other\nsimilar materials exhibit nonzero entropy at $T=0$, which contradicts the third\nlaw. For over a century, it has been a common practice to evade this problem by\nregarding glass as nonequilibrium. However, this treatment causes many\ninconsistencies in thermodynamics theory. This paper provides resolutions to\nthese inconsistencies and provides a rigorous expression of the third law\nwithout any exception. To seek the entropy origin, the anthropomorphic feature\nof entropy must be resolved. Because entropy can be uniquely determined only\nwhen thermodynamic coordinates (TCs) are specified, we have to know which are\nTCs. This requires the reconsideration of the definition of equilibrium for\nsolids in an unambiguous way, which does not depend on the solid structure. On\nthis basis, it is deduced that TCs of solids are the equilibrium positions of\natoms. TCs comprise a thermodynamic space, on which a unique value can be\nassigned to the entropy. For solids, equilibrium states are specified by\ndiscrete points in the thermodynamic space, which define atom configurations.\nAmong various atom configurations, only one is thermally activated at\nsufficiently low temperatures, and others are called frozen configuration,\nwhich do not contribute to the temperature dependence of entropy in that\nregion. The rigorous statement of the third law has been established by\nexpressing that the entropy associated with the active configuration vanishes\nat $T=0$. Residual entropy arises when the entropy is evaluated on an extended\nspace including the frozen configurations, which were previously active at high\ntemperatures. The reconciliation of the two different views is explained\nthrough several debates on the glass transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generating functional analysis of CDMA detection dynamics: We investigate the detection dynamics of the parallel interference canceller\n(PIC) for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) multiuser detection, applied to\na randomly spread, fully syncronous base-band uncoded CDMA channel model with\nadditive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) under perfect power control in the\nlarge-system limit. It is known that the predictions of the density evolution\n(DE) can fairly explain the detection dynamics only in the case where the\ndetection dynamics converge. At transients, though, the predictions of DE\nsystematically deviate from computer simulation results. Furthermore, when the\ndetection dynamics fail to convergence, the deviation of the predictions of DE\nfrom the results of numerical experiments becomes large. As an alternative,\ngenerating functional analysis (GFA) can take into account the effect of the\nOnsager reaction term exactly and does not need the Gaussian assumption of the\nlocal field. We present GFA to evaluate the detection dynamics of PIC for CDMA\nmultiuser detection. The predictions of GFA exhibits good consistency with the\ncomputer simulation result for any condition, even if the dynamics fail to\nconvergence.",
        "positive": "The breakdown of superlubricity by driving-induced commensurate\n  dislocations: In the framework of a Frenkel-Kontorova-like model, we address the robustness\nof the superlubricity phenomenon in an edge-driven system at large scales,\nhighlighting the dynamical mechanisms leading to its failure due to the slider\nelasticity. The results of the numerical simulations perfectly match the length\ncritical size derived from a parameter-free analytical model. By considering\ndifferent driving and commensurability interface configurations, we explore the\ndistinctive nature of the transition from superlubric to high-friction sliding\nstates which occurs above the critical size, discovering the occurrence of\npreviously undetected multiple dissipative jumps in the friction force as a\nfunction of the slider length. These driving-induced commensurate dislocations\nin the slider are then characterized in relation to their spatial localization\nand width, depending on the system parameters. Setting the ground to scale\nsuperlubricity up, this investigation provides a novel perspective on friction\nand nanomanipulation experiments and can serve as a theoretical basis for\ndesigning high-tech devices with specific superlow frictional features."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonintegrability and fluctuation by symmetry violation in perturbed\n  harmonic oscillator systems: The violation of symmetry between the time series of elongation and\ncontraction rates of phase-space point spacings is studied to examine the chaos\nin perturbed harmonic oscillator systems. A transition from integrability to\nnonintegrability is quantitatively evaluated by introducing a correlation\ncoefficient for the degree of symmetry violation. A feature of the correlation\ncoefficient is discussed, suggesting a possible advantage over the Lyapunov\nexponent. The relationship between a fluctuation property based on symmetry\nviolation and nonintegrability is also discussed.",
        "positive": "An elementary renormalization-group approach to the Generalized Central\n  Limit Theorem and Extreme Value Distributions: The Generalized Central Limit Theorem is a remarkable generalization of the\nCentral Limit Theorem, showing that the sum of a large number of independent,\nidentically-distributed (i.i.d) random variables with infinite variance may\nconverge under appropriate scaling to a distribution belonging to a special\nfamily known as Levy stable distributions. Similarly, the maximum of i.i.d.\nvariables may converge to a distribution belonging to one of three universality\nclasses (Gumbel, Weibull and Frechet). Here, we rederive these known results\nfollowing a mathematically non-rigorous yet highly transparent\nrenormalization-group-like approach that captures both of these universal\nresults following a nearly identical procedure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-similar analytical solution of the critical fluctuations problem\n  for the Bose-Einstein condensation in an ideal gas: Paper is published in J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 43 (2010) 225001,\ndoi:10.1088/1751-8113/43/22/225001. Exact analytical solution for the universal\nprobability distribution of the order parameter fluctuations as well as for the\nuniversal statistical and thermodynamic functions of an ideal gas in the whole\ncritical region of Bose-Einstein condensation is obtained. A universal\nconstraint nonlinearity is found that is responsible for all nontrivial\ncritical phenomena of the BEC phase transition. Simple analytical\napproximations, which describe the universal structure of the critical region\nin terms of confluent hypergeometric or parabolic cylinder functions, as well\nas asymptotics of the exact solution are derived. The results for the order\nparameter, all higher-order moments of BEC fluctuations, and thermodynamic\nquantities, including specific heat, perfectly match the known asymptotics\noutside critical region as well as the phenomenological renormalization-group\nansatz with known critical exponents in the close vicinity of the critical\npoint. Thus, a full analytical solution to a long-standing problem of finding a\nuniversal structure of the lambda-point for BEC in an ideal gas is found.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Efficiency of Isothermal Molecular Machines at Maximum\n  Power\": Comment on \"Efficiency of Isothermal Molecular Machines at Maximum Power\"\n(PRL 108, 210602 (2012), arXiv:1201.6396)"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Subdiffusive rocking ratchets in viscoelastic media: transport\n  optimization and thermodynamic efficiency in overdamped regime: We study subdiffusive overdamped Brownian ratchets periodically rocked by an\nexternal zero-mean force in viscoelastic media within the framework of\nnon-Markovian Generalized Langevin equation (GLE) approach and associated\nmulti-dimensional Markovian embedding dynamics. Viscoelastic deformations of\nthe medium caused by the transport particle are modeled by a set of auxiliary\nBrownian quasi-particles elastically coupled to the transport particle and\ncharacterized by a hierarchy of relaxation times which obey a fractal scaling.\nThe most slowly relaxing deformations which cannot immediately follow to the\nmoving particle imprint long-range memory about its previous positions and\ncause subdiffusion and anomalous transport on a sufficiently long time scale.\nThis anomalous behavior is combined with normal diffusion and transport on an\ninitial time scale of overdamped motion. Anomalously slow directed transport in\na periodic ratchet potential with broken space inversion symmetry emerges due\nto a violation of the thermal detailed balance by a zero-mean periodic driving\nand is optimized with frequency of driving, its amplitude, and temperature.\nSuch optimized anomalous transport can be low dispersive and characterized by a\nlarge generalized Peclet number. Moreover, we show that overdamped subdiffusive\nratchets can sustain a substantial load and do a useful work. The corresponding\nthermodynamic efficiency decays algebraically in time since the useful work\ndone against a load scales sublinearly with time following to the transport\nparticle position, but the energy pumped by an external force scales with time\nlinearly. Nevertheless, it can be transiently appreciably high and compare well\nwith the thermodynamical efficiency of the normal diffusion overdamped ratchets\non sufficiently long temporal and spatial scales.",
        "positive": "Size effects in the long-time quasi-static heat transport: We consider finite size effects on heat transfer between thermal reservoirs\nmediated by a quantum system, where the number of modes in each reservoir is\nfinite. Our approach is based on the generalized quantum Langevin equation and\nthe thermal reservoirs are described as ensembles of oscillators within the\nDrude-Ullersma model. A general expression for the heat current between the\nthermal reservoirs in the long-time quasi-static regime, when an observation\ntime is of the order of $\\Delta ^{-1}$ and $\\Delta$ is the mode spacing\nconstant of a thermal reservoir, is obtained. The resulting equations that\ngovern the long-time relaxation for the mode temperatures and the average\ntemperatures of the reservoirs are derived and approximate analytical solutions\nare found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pair correlation of dilute Active Brownian Particles: from low activity\n  dipolar correction to high activity algebraic depletion wings: We study the pair correlation of Active Brownian Particles at low density\nusing numerical simulations and analytical calculations. We observe a winged\npair correlation: while particles accumulate in front of an active particle as\nexpected, the depletion wake consists of two depletion wings. In the limit of\nsoft particles, we obtain a closed equation for the pair correlation, allowing\nus to characterize the depletion wings. In particular, we unveil two regimes at\nhigh activity where the wings adopt a self-similar profile and decay\nalgebraically. We also perform experiments of self-propelled Janus particles\nand indeed observe the depletion wings.",
        "positive": "Two-phonon spin-lattice relaxation of rigid atomic clusters: Spin-phonon relaxation due to two-phonon processes of a spin cluster embedded\nin an elastic medium has been studied. For the case of uniaxial anisotropy,\nrelaxation rates due to Raman processes and processes involving the emission of\ntwo phonons have been obtained. For a biaxial spin Hamiltonian, the rates of\ntransitions between tunnel-split levels have been computed. By comparison with\nthe rates of corresponding direct processes, we have established temperature\nranges where the Raman mechanism dominates over the one-phonon decay mechanism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Projection-operator formalism and coarse-graining: A careful derivation of the generalized Langevin equation using \"Zwanzig\nflavor\" projection operator formalism is presented. We provide arguments why\nthis formalism has better properties compared to alternative\nprojection-operator formalisms for deriving non-equilibrium,\nnon-thermodynamic-limit, equations. The two main ingredients in the derivation\nare Liouville's theorem and optimal prediction theory.\n  As a result we find that equations for non-equilibrium thermodynamics are\ndictated by the formalism once the choice of coarse-grained variables is made.\nThis includes a microcanonical entropy definition dependent on the\ncoarse-grained variables. Based on this framework we provide a methodology for\nsuccesive coarse-graining. As two special cases, the case of linear\ncoefficients and coarse-graining in the thermodynamic limit are treated in\ndetail. In the linear limit the formulas found are equivalent with those of\nhomogenization theory.\n  In this framework there are no restrictions with respect to the\nthermodynamic-limit or nearness to equilibrium. We believe the presented\napproach is very suitable for the development of computational methods by means\nof coarse-graining from a more detailed level of description.",
        "positive": "The approach to steady state in microemulsions under shear flow: We present an analitical study of the dynamical process of the approach to\nsteady state for a driven diffusive system represented by the microemulsion\nphase of a ternary mixture. The external applied field is given by a plane\nCouette shear flow and the problem is studied within the framework of a\ntime-dependent Ginzburg-Landau model. A Fokker-Planck equation for the\nprobability distribution of the concentration fluctuations is developed in a\nself-consistent one-loop approximation and solved exactly, giving an analytical\nexpression for the dynamic correlation functions of the system. For comparison\nto experimental work, we also show grey-scale plots of the scattering function\nat different times during the dynamical process for two different shear rates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary conditions at a thin membrane that generate non--Markovian\n  normal diffusion: We show that some boundary conditions assumed at a thin membrane may result\nin normal diffusion not being the stochastic Markov process. We consider\nboundary conditions defined in terms of the Laplace transform in which there is\na linear combination of probabilities and probability fluxes defined on both\nmembrane surfaces. The coefficients of the combination may depend on the\nLaplace transform parameter. Such boundary conditions are most commonly used\nwhen considering diffusion in a membrane system unless collective or non-local\nprocesses in particles diffusion occur. We find\nBachelier-Smoluchowski-Chapmann-Kolmogorov (BSCK) equation in terms of the\nLaplace transform and we derive the criterion to check whether the boundary\nconditions lead to fundamental solutions of diffusion equation satisfying this\nequation. If the BSCK equation is not met, the Markov property is broken. When\na probability flux is continuous at the membrane, the general forms of the\nboundary conditions for which the fundamental solutions meet the BSCK equation\nare derived. A measure of broken of semi-group property is also proposed. The\nrelation of this measure to the non-Markovian property measure is discussed.",
        "positive": "Exact Partition Functions for the $q$-State Potts Model with a\n  Generalized Magnetic Field on Lattice Strip Graphs: We calculate the partition function of the $q$-state Potts model on\narbitrary-length cyclic ladder graphs of the square and triangular lattices,\nwith a generalized external magnetic field that favors or disfavors a subset of\nspin values $\\{1,...,s\\}$ with $s \\le q$. For the case of antiferromagnet\nspin-spin coupling, these provide exactly solved models that exhibit an onset\nof frustration and competing interactions in the context of a novel type of\ntensor-product $S_s \\otimes S_{q-s}$ global symmetry, where $S_s$ is the\npermutation group on $s$ objects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Single-particle velocity distributions of collisionless, steady-state\n  plasmas must follow Superstatistics: The correct modelling of velocity distribution functions for particles in\nsteady-state plasmas is a central element in the study of nuclear fusion and\nalso in the description of space plasmas. In this work, a statistical\nmechanical formalism for the description of collisionless plasmas in a steady\nstate is presented, based solely on the application of the rules of probability\nand not relying on the concept of entropy. Beck and Cohen's superstatistical\nframework is recovered as a limiting case, and a \"microscopic\" definition of\ninverse temperature $\\beta$ is given. Non-extensivity is not invoked a priori\nbut enters the picture only through the analysis of correlations between parts\nof the system.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram and structural diversity of the densest binary sphere\n  packings: The densest binary sphere packings have historically been very difficult to\ndetermine. The only rigorously known packings in the alpha-x plane of sphere\nradius ratio alpha and relative concentration x are at the Kepler limit alpha =\n1, where packings are monodisperse. Utilizing an implementation of the\nTorquato-Jiao sphere-packing algorithm [S. Torquato and Y. Jiao, Phys. Rev. E\n82, 061302 (2010)], we present the most comprehensive determination to date of\nthe phase diagram in (alpha,x) for the densest binary sphere packings.\nUnexpectedly, we find many distinct new densest packings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Double Potts chain and exact results for some two-dimensional models: A closed-form exact analytical solution for the q-state Potts model on a\nladder 2 x oo with arbitrary two-, three-, and four-site interactions in a unit\ncell is presented. Using the obtained solution it is shown that the finite-size\ninternal energy equation yields an accurate value of the critical temperature\nfor the triangular Potts lattice with three-site interactions in alternate\ntriangular faces. It is argued that the above equation is exact at least for\nself-dual models on isotropic lattices.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium phase transitions in systems with long-range interactions: We introduce a generalized Hamiltonian Mean Field Model (gHMF)-XY model with\nboth linear and quadratic coupling between spins and explicit Hamiltonian\ndynamics. In addition to the usual paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases, this\nmodel also possesses a nematic phase. The gHMF can be solved explicitly using\nBoltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistical mechanics, in both canonical and\nmicrocanonical ensembles. However, when the resulting microcanonical phase\ndiagram is compared with the one obtained using molecular dynamics simulations,\nit is found that the two are very different. We will present a dynamical theory\nwhich allows us to explicitly calculate the phase diagram obtained using\nmolecular dynamics simulations without any adjustable parameters. The model\nillustrates the fundamental role played by dynamics as well the inadequacy of\nBG statistics for systems with long-range forces in the thermodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Localization phase diagram of two-dimensional quantum percolation: We examine quantum percolation on a square lattice with random dilution up to\n$q=38%$ and energy $0.001 \\le E \\le 1.6$ (measured in units of the hopping\nmatrix element), using numerical calculations of the transmission coefficient\nat a much larger scale than previously. Our results confirm the previous\nfinding that the two dimensional quantum percolation model exhibits\nlocalization-delocalization transitions, where the localized region splits into\nan exponentially localized region and a power-law localization region. We\ndetermine a fuller phase diagram confirming all three regions for energies as\nlow as $E=0.1$, and the delocalized and exponentially localized regions for\nenergies down to $E=0.001$. We also examine the scaling behavior of the\nresidual transmission coefficient in the delocalized region, the power law\nexponent in the power-law localized region, and the localization length in the\nexponentially localized region. Our results suggest that the residual\ntransmission at the delocalized to power-law localized phase boundary may be\ndiscontinuous, and that the localization length is likely not to diverge with a\npower-law at the exponentially localized to power-law localized phase boundary.\nHowever, further work is needed to definitively assess the characters of the\ntwo phase transitions as well as the nature of the intermediate power-law\nregime.",
        "positive": "Uncertainty relations and fluctuation theorems for Bayes nets: Recent research has considered the stochastic thermodynamics of multiple\ninteracting systems, representing the overall system as a Bayes net. I derive\nfluctuation theorems governing the entropy production (EP)of arbitrary sets of\nthe systems in such a Bayes net. I also derive ``conditional'' fluctuation\ntheorems, governing the distribution of EP in one set of systems conditioned on\nthe EP of a different set of systems. I then derive thermodynamic uncertainty\nrelations relating the EP of the overall system to the precisions of\nprobability currents within the individual systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "White noise flashing Brownian pump: A Brownian pump of particles powered by a stochastic flashing ratchet\nmechanism is studied. The pumping device is embedded in a finite region and\nbounded by particle reservoirs. In the steady state, we exactly calculate the\nspatial density profile, the concentration ratio between both reservoirs and\nthe particle flux. A simple numerical scheme is presented allowing for the\nconsistent evaluation of all such observable quantities.",
        "positive": "Short-time Behaviour and Criticality of Driven Lattice Gases: The nonequilibrium short-time critical behaviors of driven and undriven\nlattice gases are investigated via Monte Carlo simulations in two spatial\ndimensions starting from a fully disordered initial configuration. In\nparticular, we study the time evolution of suitably defined order parameters,\nwhich account for the strong anisotropy introduced by the homogeneous drive. We\ndemonstrate that, at short times, the dynamics of all these models is\nunexpectedly described by an effective continuum theory in which transverse\nfluctuations, i.e., fluctuations averaged along the drive, are Gaussian,\nirrespective of this being actually the case in the stationary state. Strong\nnumerical evidence is provided, in remarkable agreement with that theory, both\nfor the driven and undriven lattice gases, which therefore turn out to display\nthe same short-time dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anisotropic Scaling in Layered Aperiodic Ising Systems: The influence of a layered aperiodic modulation of the couplings on the\ncritical behaviour of the two-dimensional Ising model is studied in the case of\nmarginal perturbations. The aperiodicity is found to induce anisotropic\nscaling. The anisotropy exponent z, given by the sum of the surface\nmagnetization scaling dimensions, depends continuously on the modulation\namplitude. Thus these systems are scale invariant but not conformally invariant\nat the critical point.",
        "positive": "Anchoring of polymers by traps randomly placed on a line: We study dynamics of a Rouse polymer chain, which diffuses in a\nthree-dimensional space under the constraint that one of its ends, referred to\nas the slip-link, may move only along a one-dimensional line containing\nrandomly placed, immobile, perfect traps. For such a model we compute exactly\nthe time evolution of the probability $P_{sl}(t)$ that the chain slip-link will\nnot encounter any of the traps until time $t$ and consequently, that until this\ntime the chain will remain mobile."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Supersymmetric formulation of multiplicative white--noise stochastic\n  processes: We present a supersymmetric formulation of Markov processes, represented by a\nfamily of Langevin equations with multiplicative white-noise. The hidden\nsymmetry encodes equilibrium properties such as fluctuation-dissipation\nrelations. The formulation does not depend on the particular prescription to\ndefine the Wiener integral. In this way, different equilibrium distributions,\nreached at long times for each prescription, can be formally treated on the\nsame footing.",
        "positive": "The boundary effects of transverse field Ising model: Advance in quantum simulations using trapped ions or superconducting elements\nallows detailed analysis of the transverse field Ising model (TFIM), which can\nexhibit a quantum phase transition and has been a paradigm in exactly solvable\nquantum systems. The Jordan-Wigner transformation maps the one-dimensional TFIM\nto a fermion model, but additional complications arise in finite systems and\nintroduce a fermion-number parity constraint when periodic boundary condition\n(PBC) is imposed. By constructing the free energy and spin correlations with\nthe fermion-number parity constraint and comparing the results to the TFIM with\nopen boundary condition, we show that the boundary effects can become\nsignificant for the anti-ferromagnetic TFIM with odd number of sites at low\ntemperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Experimental investigation of the freely cooling granular gas: Using diamagnetically levitated particles we investigate the dynamics of the\nfreely cooling granular gas. At early times we find good agreement with Haff's\nlaw, where the time scale for particle collisions can be determined from\nindependent measurements. At late times, clustering of particles occurs. This\ncan be included in a Haff-like description taking into account the decreasing\nnumber of free particles. With this a good description of the data is possible\nover the whole time range.",
        "positive": "Tracer dynamics in active random average process: We investigate the dynamics of tracer particles in the random average process\n(RAP), a single-file system in one dimension. In addition to the position,\nevery particle possesses an internal spin variable $\\sigma (t)$ that can\nalternate between two values, $\\pm 1$, at a constant rate $\\gamma$. Physically,\nthe value of $\\sigma (t)$ dictates the direction of motion of the corresponding\nparticle and for finite $\\gamma$, every particle performs a non-Markovian\nactive dynamics. Herein, we study the effect of this non-Markovianity in the\nfluctuations and correlations of the positions of tracer particles. We\nanalytically show that the variance of the position of a tagged particle grows\nsub-diffusively as $\\sim \\zeta_{\\text{q}} \\sqrt{t}$ at large times for the\nquenched uniform initial condition. While this sub-diffusive growth is\nidentical to that of the Markovian/non-persistent RAP, the coefficient\n$\\zeta_{\\text{q}} $ is rather different and bears the signature of the\npersistent motion of active particles through higher point correlations (unlike\nin the Markovian case). Similarly, for the annealed (steady state) initial\ncondition, we find that the variance scales as $\\sim \\zeta_{\\text{a}} \\sqrt{t}$\nat large times with coefficient $\\zeta_{\\text{a}} $ once again different from\nthe non-persistent case. Although $\\zeta_{\\text{q}}$ and $\\zeta_{\\text{a}} $\nboth individually depart from their Markov counterparts, their ratio\n$\\zeta_{\\text{a}} / \\zeta_{\\text{q}}$ is still equal to $\\sqrt{2}$, a condition\nobserved for other diffusive single-file systems. This condition turns out to\nbe true even in the strongly active regimes as corroborated by extensive\nsimulations and calculations. Finally, we study the correlation between the\npositions of two tagged particles in both quenched uniform and annealed initial\nconditions. We verify all our analytic results by extensive numerical\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rediscussion on gas-liquid phase transition: Liquid-gas phase transition in statistical mechanics is a long-standing\ndilemma not yet well explained. In this paper we propose a novel approach to\nthis dilemma, by: 1). Putting forth a new space homogeneity assumption. 2).\nGiving a new formulation-- the mean distance expansion, instead of Mayer's\nCluster Expansion, to calculate the intermolecular potential and partition\nfunction for a classical system. 3). Explaining how the separation of two\nphases occurs below the critical temperature T_{c} and what is the gap between\ntwo phases. 4). Calculating the physical quantities in a system of coexistent\nvapor and liquid, and comparing them with the experimental results.\nQualitative, and some quantitative, consistencies are obtained. So the\nstatistical explanation on first order liquid-gas phase transition is solved in\nprinciple.",
        "positive": "Vortex Loop Phase Transitions in Liquid Helium, Cosmic Strings, and\n  High-T_c Superconductors: The distribution of thermally excited vortex loops near a superfluid phase\ntransition is calculated from a renormalized theory. The number density of\nloops with a given perimeter is found to change from exponential decay with\nincreasing perimeter to algebraic decay as T_c is approached, in agreement with\nrecent simulations of both cosmic strings and high-T_c superconductors.\nPredictions of the value of the exponent of the algebraic decay at T_c and of\ncritical behavior in the vortex density are confirmed by the simulations,\ngiving strong support to the vortex-folding model proposed by Shenoy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mpemba effect in driven granular gases: role of distance measures: Mpemba effect refers to the counterintuitive effect where a system which is\ninitially further from the final steady state equilibrates faster than an\nidentical system that is initially closer. The closeness to the final state is\ndefined in terms of a distance measure. For driven granular systems, the Mpemba\neffect has been illustrated in terms of an ad-hoc measure of mean kinetic\nenergy as the distance function. In this paper, by studying four different\ndistance measures based on the mean kinetic energies as well as velocity\ndistribution, we show that the Mpemba effect depends on the definition of the\nmeasures.",
        "positive": "Comment on `Garden of Eden states in traffic model revisited': Recently, Huang and Lin suggested a combination of two successfull mean-field\ntheories, the 2-cluster approximation and paradisical mean-field, for the\nNagel-Schreckenberg cellular automaton model of traffic flow. We argue that\nthis new approximation is inconsistent since it violates the Kolmogorov\nconditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Dynamics in a Binary Fluid: Simulations and Finite-size Scaling: We report comprehensive simulations of the critical dynamics of a symmetric\nbinary Lennard-Jones mixture near its consolute point. The self-diffusion\ncoefficient exhibits no detectable anomaly. The data for the shear viscosity\nand the mutual-diffusion coefficient are fully consistent with the asymptotic\npower laws and amplitudes predicted by renormalization-group and mode-coupling\ntheories {\\it provided} finite-size effects and the background contribution to\nthe relevant Onsager coefficient are suitably accounted for. This resolves a\ncontroversy raised by recent molecular simulations.",
        "positive": "Non-scalar operators for the Potts model in arbitrary dimension: We investigate the operator content of the Q-state Potts model in arbitrary\ndimension, using the representation theory of the symmetric group. In\nparticular we construct all possible tensors acting on N spins, corresponding\nto given symmetries under $S_Q$ and $S_N$, in terms of representations\ninvolving any Young diagram. These operators transform non-trivially under the\ngroup of spatial rotations, with a definite conformal spin. The two-point\ncorrelation functions are then computed, and their physical interpretation is\ngiven in terms of Fortuin-Kasteleyn clusters propagating between two\nneighbourhoods of each N spins. In two dimensions, we obtain analytically the\ncritical exponent corresponding to each operator. In the simplest and\nphysically most relevant cases, we confirm the values of the critical exponent\nand the conformal spin by numerical measurements, using both Monte Carlo\nsimulations and transfer matrix diagonalisations. Our classification partially\nprovides the structure of Jordan cells of the dilatation operator in arbitrary\ndimensions, which in turn gives rise to logarithmic correlation functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rare events in stochastic populations under bursty reproduction: Recently, a first step was made by the authors towards a systematic\ninvestigation of the effect of reaction-step-size noise - uncertainty in the\nstep size of the reaction - on the dynamics of stochastic populations. This was\ndone by investigating the effect of bursty influx on the switching dynamics of\nstochastic populations. Here we extend this formalism to account for bursty\nreproduction processes, and improve the accuracy of the formalism to include\nsubleading-order corrections. Bursty reproduction appears in various contexts,\nwhere notable examples include bursty viral production from infected cells, and\nreproduction of mammals involving varying number of offspring. The main\nquestion we quantitatively address is how bursty reproduction affects the\noverall fate of the population. We consider two complementary scenarios:\npopulation extinction and population survival; in the former a population gets\nextinct after maintaining a long-lived metastable state, whereas in the latter\na population proliferates despite undergoing a deterministic drift towards\nextinction. In both models reproduction occurs in bursts, sampled from an\narbitrary distribution. In the extinction problem, we show that bursty\nreproduction broadens the quasi-stationary distribution of population sizes in\nthe metastable state, which results in an exponential decrease of the mean time\nto extinction. In the survival problem, bursty reproduction yields an\nexponential increase in survival probability of the population. Close to the\nbifurcation limit our analytical results simplify considerably and are shown to\ndepend solely on the mean and variance of the burst-size distribution. Our\nformalism is demonstrated on several realistic distributions which all compare\nwell with numerical Monte-Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Relaxation of nonequilibrium populations after a pump: the breaking of\n  Mathiessen$'$s rule: From the early days of many-body physics, it was realized that the\nself-energy governs the relaxation or lifetime of the retarded Green$'$s\nfunction. So it seems reasonable to directly extend those results into the\nnonequilibrium domain. But experiments and calculations of the response of\nquantum materials to a pump show that the relationship between the relaxation\nand the self-energy only holds in special cases. Experimentally, the decay time\nfor a population to relax back to equilibrium and the linewidth measured in a\nlinear-response angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy differ by large\namounts. Theoretically, aside from the weak-coupling regime where the\nrelationship holds, one also finds deviations and additionally one sees\nviolations of Mathiessen$'$s rule. In this work, we examine whether looking at\nan effective transport relaxation time helps to analyze the decay times of\nexcited populations as they relax back to equilibrium. We conclude that it may\ndo a little better, but it has a fitting parameter for the overall scale which\nmust be determined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "\"Heat Flowing from Cold to Hot without External Intervention\"\n  Demystified: Thermal-Transformer and Temperature Oscillator: A recent Science Advances paper by Schilling et al, claiming \"flow of heat\nfrom cold to hot without intervention\" with \"oscillatory thermal inertia\" are\nfundamentally misplaced and dramatized as miraculous, even though compliance\nwith the Second Law of thermodynamics is acknowledged. There is nothing\n\"magical and beyond the proof-of-concept\" as claimed. It could have been\nachieved by any work generating device, stored by any suitable device\n(superconductive inductor was beneficial but not essential as claimed), and\nsuch stored work used subsequently in any refrigeration device to sub-cool the\nbody. Cooling devices work by transforming temperature to desired level by work\ntransfer (thermal transformer and temperature oscillator), by non-thermal,\nadiabatic processes. However, the \"direct heat transfer\" is always from higher\nto lower temperature in all refrigeration components, without exception - it is\nnot to be confused by \"net-transport of thermal energy by work\" from cold to\nhot ambients. The unjustified claims are critically analyzed and demystified\nhere.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium long-ranged charge correlations at the surface of a\n  conductor coupled to the electromagnetic radiation: This study is related to the fluctuation theory of electromagnetic fields,\ncharges and currents. The three-dimensional system under consideration is a\nsemi-infinite conductor, modeled by the jellium, in vacuum. In previous\ntheoretical studies it was found that the correlation functions of the surface\ncharge density on the conductor decay as the inverse cube of the distance at\nasymptotically large distances. The prefactor to this asymptotic decay was\nobtained in the classical limit and in the quantum case without retardation\neffects. To describe the retarded regime, we study a more general problem of\nthe semi-infinite jellium in thermal equilibrium with the radiated\nelectromagnetic field. By using Rytov's fluctuational electrodynamics we show\nthat, for both static and time-dependent surface charge correlation functions,\nthe inclusion of retardation effects causes the quantum prefactor to take its\nuniversal static classical form, for any temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One-dimensional anyons with competing $\u03b4$-function and derivative\n  $\u03b4$-function potentials: We propose an exactly solvable model of one-dimensional anyons with competing\n$\\delta$-function and derivative $\\delta$-function interaction potentials. The\nBethe ansatz equations are derived in terms of the $N$-particle sector for the\nquantum anyonic field model of the generalized derivative nonlinear\nSchr\\\"{o}dinger equation. This more general anyon model exhibits richer physics\nthan that of the recently studied one-dimensional model of $\\delta$-function\ninteracting anyons. We show that the anyonic signature is inextricably related\nto the velocities of the colliding particles and the pairwise dynamical\ninteraction between particles.",
        "positive": "Tilings of space and superhomogeneous point processes: We consider the construction of point processes from tilings, with equal\nvolume tiles, of d-dimensional Euclidean space. We show that one can generate,\nwith simple algorithms ascribing one or more points to each tile, point\nprocesses which are \"superhomogeneous'' (or \"hyperuniform''), i.e., for which\nthe structure factor S(k) vanishes when the wavenumber k tends to zero. The\nexponent of the leading small-k behavior depends in a simple manner on the\nnature of the correlation properties of the specific tiling and on the\nconservation of the mass moments of the tiles. Assigning one point to the\ncenter of mass of each tile gives the exponent \\gamma=4 for any tiling in which\nthe shapes and orientations of the tiles are short-range correlated. Smaller\nexponents, in the range 4-d<\\gamma<4 (and thus always superhomogeneous for\nd\\leq 4), may be obtained in the case that the latter quantities have\nlong-range correlations. Assigning more than one point to each tile in an\nappropriate way, we show that one can obtain arbitrarily higher exponents in\nboth cases. We illustrate our results with explicit constructions using known\ndeterministic tilings, as well as some simple stochastic tilings for which we\ncan calculate S(k) exactly. Our results provide, we believe, the first explicit\nanalytical construction of point processes with \\gamma > 4. Applications to\ncondensed matter physics, and also to cosmology, are briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kramers's escape rate problem within a non-Markovian description: We compare the thermal escape rates of a Brownian particle, initially trapped\ninto one of the two wells of an asymmetric double-well potential, for thermal\nMarkovian and non-Markovian noise. The Markovian treatment of this problem goes\noriginally back to the studies of Kramers in 1940 and is therefore often\nreferred to as \"Kramers's escape rate problem\". We solve the generalized\nLangevin equation for the trajectories of the particles numerically and\nanalytically for both limiting cases, Markovian and non-Markovian thermal\nnoise. We compute the escape rate and work out the fundamental differences\narising from finite correlation times of the thermal noise.",
        "positive": "Enhanced orientational ordering induced by active yet isotropic bath: Can a bath of isotropic but active particles promote ordering of anisotropic\nbut passive particles? In this paper, we uncover a fluctuation-driven mechanism\nby which this is possible. Somewhat counter-intuitively, we show that the\npassive particles tend to be more ordered upon increasing the noise-strength of\nthe active isotropic bath. We first demonstrate this in a general dynamical\nmodel for a non-conserved order parameter (model A) coupled to an active\nisotropic field and then concentrate on two examples, i. a collection of polar\nrods on a substrate in an active isotropic bath and ii. a passive apolar\nsuspension in a momentum conserved, actively forced but isotropic fluid which\nis relevant for current research in active systems. Our theory, which is\nrelevant for understanding ordering transitions in out-of-equilibrium systems\ncan be tested in experiments, for instance, by introducing a low concentration\nof passive rod-like objects in active isotropic fluids and, since it is\napplicable to any non-conserved dynamical field, may have applications far\nbeyond active matter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Using memory to identify phase transitions on a Cayley Tree: We provide a concrete and systematic connection between the statistical\nphysics of the Ising ferromagnet on a Cayley tree, and the study of memory in\nexponentially expanding spaces. Memory turns out to be a clear signal of the\n`Bethe-Peierls' phase transition, and the average of memory divided by its\nstandard deviation provides a clear signal of the `spin-glass' transition\ntemperature. Numerical Monte Carlo simulations are used to make transparent the\nexistence of the two different transition temperatures. The quantities used to\nspot the phase transitions with Monte Carlo could be useful when studying other\nsystems where analytical methods don't work.",
        "positive": "Spatially resolved atomic-scale friction: Theory and Simulation: We analyze the friction force exerted on a small probe particle sliding over\nan atomic-scale surface by means of a Green-Kubo relation and classical\nMolecular Dynamics simulations. We find that, on the atomic scale, the friction\ntensor can drastically vary as a function of position and sliding direction.\nThe Green-Kubo relation yields this positional and directional dependence from\nequilibrium simulations of the time dependent covariance of force acting on the\nprobe. We find, unexpectedly, that the positional and directional dependence of\nenergy dissipation is related to the (much simpler) static force covariance,\nespecially in the limit where the probe only mildly perturbs the surface\nparticles. In contrast, the (free) energy landscape experienced by the probe is\nin general not a good indicator of local dissipation. We also discuss\noptimization strategies making use of the locally and directionally resolved\nfriction tensor. This enables us to find optimal sliding paths and velocity\nprotocols, e.g., minimizing energy dissipation, between two points on the\nsurface in a given time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover from Selberg's type to Ruelle's type Zeta function in\n  classical kinetics: The decay rates of the density-density correlation function are computed for\na chaotic billiard with some amount of disorder inside. In the case of the\nclean system the rates are zeros of Ruelle's Zeta function and in the limit of\nstrong disorder they are roots of Selberg's Zeta function. We constructed the\ninterpolation formula between two limiting Zeta functions by analogy with the\ncase of the integrable billiards. The almost clean limit is discussed in some\ndetail. PACS numbers: 05.20.Dd, 05.45.+b, 51.10.+y",
        "positive": "Domain Growth and Aging in the Random Field XY Model: A Monte Carlo\n  Study: We use large-scale Monte Carlo simulations to obtain comprehensive results\nfor domain growth and aging in the random field XY model in dimensions $d=2,3$.\nAfter a deep quench from the paramagnetic phase, the system orders locally via\nannihilation of topological defects, i.e., vortices and anti-vortices. The\nevolution morphology of the system is characterized by the correlation function\nand the structure factor of the magnetization field. We find that these\nquantities obey dynamical scaling, and their scaling function is independent of\nthe disorder strength $\\Delta$. However, the scaling form of the\nautocorrelation function is found to be dependent on $\\Delta$, i.e.,\nsuperuniversality is violated. The large-$t$ behavior of the autocorrelation\nfunction is explored by studying aging and autocorrelation exponents. We also\ninvestigate the characteristic growth law $L(t,\\Delta)$ in $d=2,3$, which shows\nan asymptotic logarithmic behavior: $L(t,\\Delta) \\sim \\Delta^{-\\varphi} (\\ln\nt)^{1/\\psi}$, with exponents $\\varphi, \\psi > 0$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization of Coupled Systems with Spatiotemporal Chaos: We argue that the synchronization transition of stochastically coupled\ncellular automata, discovered recently by L.G. Morelli {\\it et al.} (Phys. Rev.\n{\\bf 58 E}, R8 (1998)), is generically in the directed percolation universality\nclass. In particular, this holds numerically for the specific example studied\nby these authors, in contrast to their claim. For real-valued systems with\nspatiotemporal chaos such as coupled map lattices, we claim that the\nsynchronization transition is generically in the universality class of the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang equation with a nonlinear growth limiting term.",
        "positive": "Restart method and exponential acceleration of random 3-SAT instances\n  resolutions: a large deviation analysis of the Davis-Putnam-Loveland-Logemann\n  algorithm: The analysis of the solving complexity of random 3-SAT instances using the\nDavis-Putnam-Loveland-Logemann (DPLL) algorithm slightly below threshold is\npresented. While finding a solution for such instances demands exponential\neffort with high probability, we show that an exponentially small fraction of\nresolutions require a computation scaling linearly in the size of the instance\nonly. We compute analytically this exponentially small probability of easy\nresolutions from a large deviation analysis of DPLL with the Generalized Unit\nClause search heuristic, and show that the corresponding exponent is smaller\n(in absolute value) than the growth exponent of the typical resolution time.\nOur study therefore gives some quantitative basis to heuristic restart solving\nprocedures, and suggests a natural cut-off cost (the size of the instance) for\nthe restart."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic theory of the glassy dynamics of passive and active network\n  materials: Signatures of glassy dynamics have been identified experimentally for a rich\nvariety of materials in which molecular networks provide rigidity. Here we\npresent a theoretical framework to study the glassy behavior of both passive\nand active network materials. We construct a general microscopic network model\nthat incorporates nonlinear elasticity of individual filaments and steric\nconstraints due to crowding. Based on constructive analogies between structural\nglass forming liquids and random field Ising magnets implemented using a\nheterogeneous self-consistent phonon method, our scheme provides a microscopic\napproach to determine the mismatch surface tension and the configurational\nentropy, which compete in determining the barrier for structural rearrangements\nwithin the random first order transition theory of escape from a local energy\nminimum. The influence of crosslinking on the fragility of inorganic network\nglass formers is recapitulated by the model. For active network materials, the\nmapping, which correlates the glassy characteristics to the network\narchitecture and properties of nonequilibrium motor processes, is shown to\ncapture several key experimental observations on the cytoskeleton of living\ncells: Highly connected tense networks behave as strong glass formers; intense\nmotor action promotes reconfiguration. The fact that our model assuming a\nnegative motor susceptibility predicts the latter suggests that on average the\nmotorized processes in living cells do resist the imposed mechanical load. Our\ncalculations also identify a spinodal point where simultaneously the mismatch\npenalty vanishes and the mechanical stability of amorphous packing disappears.",
        "positive": "Equation-free Dynamic Renormalization of a KPZ-type Equation: In the context of equation-free computation, we devise and implement a\nprocedure for using short-time direct simulations of a KPZ type equation to\ncalculate the self-similar solution for its ensemble averaged correlation\nfunction. The method involves \"lifting\" from candidate pair-correlation\nfunctions to consistent realization ensembles, short bursts of KPZ-type\nevolution, and appropriate rescaling of the resulting averaged pair correlation\nfunctions. Both the self-similar shapes and their similarity exponents are\nobtained at a computational cost significantly reduced to that required to\nreach saturation in such systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Physics Models of Earthquake: Since long back, scientists have been putting enormous effort to understand\nearthquake dynamics -the goal is to develop a successful prediction scheme\nwhich can provide reliable alarm that an earthquake is imminent. Model studies\nsometimes help to understand in some extend the basic dynamics of the real\nsystems and therefore is an important part of earthquake research. In this\nreport, we review several physics models which capture some essential features\nof earthquake phenomenon and also suggest methods to predict catastrophic\nevents being within the range of model parameters.",
        "positive": "Initial perturbations dependence of non-equilibrium continuous and\n  discontinuous pattern transition: A phase separation in a spatially heterogeneous environment is closely\nrelated to intracellular science and material science. For the phase\nseparation, initial heterogeneous perturbations play an important role in\npattern formations. In this study, a pattern transition from a lamellar pattern\nto a columnar pattern is investigated in the presence of a slit pattern as the\ninitial perturbations. Here it is found that the transition behavior depends on\nthe initial slit width. When the initial slit width is close to the width of\nthe columnar pattern at the steady state, the pattern transition is the\nsecond-order-like (continuous) transition. Meanwhile, the pattern transition\nbecomes the first-order-like (discontinuous) transition if the width of the\ninitial slit is much larger than that at the steady state. Then those\ntransition behaviors can be explained by the dynamical path during the pattern\nformation. This finding will advance understanding of the initial perturbation\ndependence of nonequilibrium phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heavy-tailed phase-space distributions beyond Boltzmann-Gibbs and\n  equipartition: Statistics of confined cold atoms: The Boltzmann-Gibbs density, a central result of equilibrium statistical\nmechanics, relates the energy of a system in contact with a thermal bath to its\nequilibrium statistics. This relation is lost for non-thermal systems such as\ncold atoms in optical lattices, where the heat bath is replaced by the laser\nbeams of the lattice. We investigate in detail the stationary phase-space\nprobability for Sisyphus cooling under harmonic confinement. In particular, we\nelucidate whether the total energy of the system still describes its stationary\nstate statistics. We find that this is true for the center part of the\nphase-space density for deep lattices, where the Boltzmann-Gibbs density\nprovides an approximate description. The relation between energy and statistics\nalso persists for strong confinement and in the limit of high energies, where\nthe system becomes underdamped. However, the phase-space density now exhibits\nheavy power-law tails. In all three cases we find expressions for the leading\norder phase-space density and corrections which break the equivalence of\nprobability and energy and violate energy equipartition. The non-equilibrium\nnature of the steady state is confounded by explicit violations of detailed\nbalance. We complement these analytical results with numerical simulations to\nmap out the intricate structure of the phase-space density.",
        "positive": "The Significance of Non-ergodicity Property of Statistical Mechanics\n  Systems for Understanding Resting State of a Living Cell: A better grasp of the physical foundations of life is necessary before we can\nunderstand the processes occurring inside a living cell. In his physical theory\nof the cell, American physiologist Gilbert Ling introduced an important notion\nof the resting state of the cell. He describes this state as an independent\nstable thermodynamic state of a living substance in which it has stored all the\nenergy it needs to perform all kinds of biological work. This state is\ncharacterised by lower entropy of the system than in an active state. However,\nLing's approach is primarily qualitative in terms of thermodynamics and it\nneeds to be characterised more specifically. To this end, we propose a new\nthermodynamic approach to studying Ling's model of the living cell (Ling's\ncell), the center piece of which is the non-ergodicity property which has\nrecently been proved for a wide range of systems in statistical mechanics [7].\nThese approach allowed us to develop general thermodynamic approaches to\nexplaining some of the well-known physiological phenomena, which can be used\nfor further physical analysis of these phenomena using specific physical\nmodels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gigahertz Sub-Landauer Momentum Computing: We introduce a fast and highly-efficient physically-realizable bit swap.\nEmploying readily available and scalable Josephson junction microtechnology,\nthe design implements the recently introduced paradigm of momentum computing.\nIts nanosecond speeds and sub-Landauer thermodynamic efficiency arise from\ndynamically storing memory in momentum degrees of freedom. As such, during the\nswap, the microstate distribution is never near equilibrium and the\nmemory-state dynamics fall far outside of stochastic thermodynamics that\nassumes detailed-balanced Markovian dynamics. The device implements a bit-swap\noperation -- a fundamental operation necessary to build reversible universal\ncomputing. Extensive, physically-calibrated simulations demonstrate that device\nperformance is robust and that momentum computing can support\nthermodynamically-efficient, high-speed, large-scale general-purpose computing\nthat circumvents Landauer's bound.",
        "positive": "On the Charged Bose Liquid: A new approach developed by A. Shanenko [Phys. Lett. A 227 (1997) 367] for\ninvestigating the spatial boson correlations at low temperatures is considered\nin the particular case of the Coulomb interaction potential. This approach is\nbased on integro-differential equations for the radial distribution function\nand can be used beyond the weak coupling regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The restrictions of the Maximum Entropy Production Principle: We tried to explain our point of view on this principle and answer a number\nof critical questions in this comment. It is the first time we have clearly\npresented all the existing restrictions of MEPP application and briefly\nexplained them; this will help to avoid misunderstandings connected with its\nuse.",
        "positive": "Non-entropic theory of rubber elasticity: flexible chains with weak\n  excluded-volume interactions: Strain energy density is calculated for a network of flexible chains with\nweak excluded-volume interactions (whose energy is small compared with thermal\nenergy). Constitutive equations are developed for an incompressible network of\nchains with segment interactions at finite deformations. These relations are\napplied to the study of uniaxial and equi-biaxial tension (compression), where\nthe stress--strain diagrams are analyzed numerically. It is demonstrated that\nintra-chain interactions (i) cause an increase in the Young's modulus of the\nnetwork and (ii) induce the growth of stresses (compared to an appropriate\nnetwork of Gaussian chains), which becomes substantial at relatively large\nelongation ratios. The effect of excluded-volume interactions on the elastic\nresponse strongly depends on the deformation mode, in particular, it is more\npronounced at equi-biaxial tension than at uniaxial elongation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-vanishing boundary effects and quasi-first order phase transitions\n  in high dimensional Ising models: In order to gain a better understanding of the Ising model in higher\ndimensions we have made a comparative study of how the boundary, open versus\ncyclic, of a d-dimensional simple lattice, for d=1,...,5, affects the behaviour\nof the specific heat C and its microcanonical relative, the entropy derivative\n-dS/dU. In dimensions 4 and 5 the boundary has a strong effect on the critical\nregion of the model and for cyclic boundaries in dimension 5 we find that the\nmodel displays a quasi first order phase transition with a bimodal energy\ndistribution. The latent heat decreases with increasing systems size but for\nall system sizes used in earlier papers the effect is clearly visible once a\nwide enough range of values for K is considered. Relations to recent rigorous\nresults for high dimensional percolation and previous debates on simulation of\nIsing models and gauge fields are discussed.",
        "positive": "Lattice Independent Approach to Thermal Phase Mixing: We show how to achieve lattice-spacing independent results in numerical\nsimulations of finite-temperature stochastic scalar field theories. We\ngeneralize the previous approach of hep-lat/9607026 by obtaining results which\nare independent of the renormalization scale. As an application of our method,\nwe examine thermal phase mixing in the context of Ginzburg-Landau models with\nshort-range interactions. In particular, we obtain the lattice-spacing and\nrenormalization-scale independent critical value of the control parameter which\ndetermines the free-energy barrier between the two low-temperature phases. We\nalso propose a simple procedure to extract the critical value of control\nparameters for different choices of lattice spacing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Competing nematic interactions in a generalized XY model in two and\n  three dimensions: We study a generalization of the XY model with an additional nematic-like\nterm through extensive numerical simulations and finite-size techniques, both\nin two and three dimensions. While the original model favors local alignment,\nthe extra term induces angles of $2\\pi/q$ between neighboring spins. We focus\nhere on the $q=8$ case (while presenting new results for other values of $q$ as\nwell) whose phase diagram is much richer than the well known $q=2$ case. In\nparticular, the model presents not only continuous, standard transitions\nbetween Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phases as in $q=2$, but also\ninfinite order transitions involving intermediate, competition driven phases\nabsent for $q=2$ and 3. Besides presenting multiple transitions, our results\nshow that having vortices decoupling at a transition is not a suficient\ncondition for it to be of BKT type.",
        "positive": "Synchronization in a System of Globally Coupled Oscillators with Time\n  Delay: We study the synchronization phenomena in a system of globally coupled\noscillators with time delay in the coupling. The self-consistency equations for\nthe order parameter are derived, which depend explicitly on the amount of\ndelay. Analysis of these equations reveals that the system in general exhibits\ndiscontinuous transitions in addition to the usual continuous transition,\nbetween the incoherent state and a multitude of coherent states with different\nsynchronization frequencies. In particular, the phase diagram is obtained on\nthe plane of the coupling strength and the delay time, and ubiquity of\nmultistability as well as suppression of the synchronization frequency is\nmanifested. Numerical simulations are also performed to give consistent\nresults."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spontaneous symmetry breaking and Nambu-Goldstone modes in dissipative\n  systems: We discuss spontaneous breaking of internal symmetry and its Nambu-Goldstone\n(NG) modes in dissipative systems. We find that there exist two types of NG\nmodes in dissipative systems corresponding to type-A and type-B NG modes in\nHamiltonian systems. To demonstrate the symmetry breaking, we consider a $O(N)$\nscalar model obeying a Fokker-Planck equation. We show that the type-A NG modes\nin the dissipative system are diffusive modes, while they are propagating modes\nin Hamiltonian systems. We point out that this difference is caused by the\nexistence of two types of Noether charges, $Q_R^\\alpha$ and $Q_A^\\alpha$:\n$Q_R^\\alpha$ are symmetry generators of Hamiltonian systems, which are not\nconserved in dissipative systems. $Q_A^\\alpha$ are symmetry generators of\ndissipative systems described by the Fokker-Planck equation, which are\nconserved. We find that the NG modes are propagating modes if $Q_R^\\alpha$ are\nconserved, while those are diffusive modes if they are not conserved. We also\nconsider a $SU(2)\\times U(1)$ scalar model with a chemical potential to discuss\nthe type-B NG modes. We show that the type-B NG modes have a different\ndispersion relation from those in the Hamiltonian systems.",
        "positive": "Self-consistent theory of turbulence: A new approach to the stochastic theory of turbulence is suggested. The\ncoloured noise that is present in the stochastic Navier-Stokes equation is\ngenerated from the delta-correlated noise allowing us to avoid the nonlocal\nfield theory as it is the case in the conventional theory. A feed-back\nmechanism is introduced in order to control the noise intensity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Hamiltonian Mean Field model: effect of network structure on\n  synchronization dynamics: The Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model of coupled inertial, Hamiltonian\nrotors is a prototype for conservative dynamics in systems with long-range\ninteractions. We consider the case where the interactions between the rotors\nare governed by a network described by a weighted adjacency matrix. By studying\nthe linear stability of the incoherent state, we find that the transition to\nsynchrony occurs at a coupling constant $K$ inversely proportional to the\nlargest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix. We derive a closed system of\nequations for a set of local order parameters and use these equations to study\nthe effect of network heterogeneity on the synchronization of the rotors. We\nfind that for values of $K$ just beyond the transition to synchronization the\ndegree of synchronization is highly dependent on the network's heterogeneity,\nbut that for large values of $K$ the degree of synchronization is robust to\nchanges in the heterogeneity of the network's degree distribution. Our results\nare illustrated with numerical simulations on Erd\\\"os-Renyi networks and\nnetworks with power-law degree distributions.",
        "positive": "Phase Transitions and Duality in Adiabatic Memristive Networks: The development of neuromorphic systems based on memristive elements -\nresistors with memory - requires a fundamental understanding of their\ncollective dynamics when organized in networks. Here, we study an\nexperimentally inspired model of two-dimensional disordered memristive networks\nsubject to a slowly ramped voltage and show that they undergo a first-order\nphase transition in the conductivity for sufficiently high values of memory, as\nquantified by the memristive ON/OFF ratio. We investigate the consequences of\nthis transition for the memristive current-voltage characteristics both through\nsimulation and theory, and uncover a duality between forward and reverse\nswitching processes that has also been observed in several experimental systems\nof this sort. Our work sheds considerable light on the statistical properties\nof memristive networks that are presently studied both for unconventional\ncomputing and as models of neural networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A non perturbative approach of the principal chiral model between two\n  and four dimensions: We investigate the principal chiral model between two and four dimensions by\nmeans of a non perturbative Wilson-like renormalization group equation. We are\nthus able to follow the evolution of the effective coupling constants within\nthis whole range of dimensions without having recourse to any kind of small\nparameter expansion. This allows us to identify its three dimensional critical\nphysics and to solve the long-standing discrepancy between the different\nperturbative approaches that characterizes the class of models to which the\nprincipal chiral model belongs.",
        "positive": "Fluctuating hydrodynamics for a chain of nonlinearly coupled rotators: We study chains of rotators from the perspective of nonlinear fluctuating\nhydrodynamics. As confirmed by previous MD simulations, at intermediate\ntemperatures diffusive transport is predicted. At low temperatures we obtain\nthe FPU scenario with suppressed heat peak."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transfer Matrices and Partition-Function Zeros for Antiferromagnetic\n  Potts Models. IV. Chromatic polynomial with cyclic boundary conditions: We study the chromatic polynomial P_G(q) for m \\times n square- and\ntriangular-lattice strips of widths 2\\leq m \\leq 8 with cyclic boundary\nconditions. This polynomial gives the zero-temperature limit of the partition\nfunction for the antiferromagnetic q-state Potts model defined on the lattice\nG. We show how to construct the transfer matrix in the Fortuin--Kasteleyn\nrepresentation for such lattices and obtain the accumulation sets of chromatic\nzeros in the complex q-plane in the limit n\\to\\infty. We find that the\ndifferent phases that appear in this model can be characterized by a\ntopological parameter. We also compute the bulk and surface free energies and\nthe central charge.",
        "positive": "Effects of grains' features in surface roughness scaling: We study the local and global roughness scaling in growth models with grains\nat the film surfaces. The local roughness, measured as a function of window\nsize r, shows a crossover at a characteristic length r_c, from a rapid increase\nwith exponent \\alpha_1 to a slower increase with exponent \\alpha_2. The result\n\\alpha_1\\approx 1 is explained by the large height differences in the borders\nof the grains when compared to intragrain roughness, and must not be\ninterpreted as a consequence of a diffusion dominated intragrain dynamics. This\nexponent shows a weak dependence on the shape and size distribution of the\ngrains, and typically ranges from 0.85 for rounded grain surfaces to 1 for the\nsharpest ones. The scaling corrections of exactly solvable models suggest the\npossibility of slightly smaller values due to other smoothing effects of the\nsurface images. The crossover length r_c provides a reasonable estimate of the\naverage grain size in all model systems, including the cases of wide grain size\ndistributions. In Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth, very different values of \\alpha_2\nare obtained, ranging from 0.4 for the films with smoothest surfaces to values\nin the range 0.1\\lesssim \\alpha_2 \\lesssim 0.2 for systems with large cliffs\nseparating the grains. Possible applications to real systems which show this\ncrossover with similar exponents are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extremums of Entropy Production and Second Law in Rayleigh Gas: From the previously obtained solutions of the Fokker - Planck equation for\nRayleigh gas (small impurity of heavy particles in a thermostat of light\nparticles) with sources and without them, the entropy production was\ncalculated. In a system without source (isolated system) shown that it holds\ntheorem of Prigogine, and in a system with sources (open system) implementation\nof the principle of Ziegler (MEPP) depends on the relaxation direction. In an\nopen system entropy production is compensate by a negative production of\nentropy, i.e. by a negentropy production. The algebraic sum of entropy and\nnegentropy productions is called the generalized entropy production. From the\nbalance of entropy and negentropy productions in an open system formulated a\npossible variation of the second law for open systems in a form: \"At the\nrelaxation of an open system to a nonequilibrium steady state, a generalized\nentropy production decreases in absolute value and equal to zero in a\nnonequilibrium steady state.\" Keywords: Fokker-Planck equation, Prigogine\ntheorem, principle of maximum entropy production, the second law, negentropy.",
        "positive": "How small can Maxwell's demon be? -- Lessons from autonomous electronic\n  feedback models: External piecewise-constant feedback control can modify energetic and\nentropic balances, allowing in extreme scenarios for Maxwell demon operational\nmodes. Without specifying the actual implementation of external feedback loops,\none can only partially quantify the additional contributions to entropy\nproduction. This is different in autonomously operating systems with internal\nfeedback. Traditional (bipartite) autonomous systems can be divided into\ncontroller and a controlled subsystem, but also non-bipartite systems can\naccomplish the same task. We consider examples of autonomous three-terminal\nmodels that transfer heat mainly from a cold to a hot reservoir by dumping a\nsmall fraction of it to an ultra-cold (demon) reservoir, such that their\ncoarse-grained dynamics resembles an external feedback loop. We find that the\nminimal three-level implementation is most efficient in utilizing heat\ndissipation to change the entropy balance of the effective controlled system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal low-temperature properties of frustrated classical spin chain\n  near the ferromagnet-helimagnet transition point: The thermodynamics of the classical frustrated spin chain near the transition\npoint between the ferromagnetic and the helical phases is studied. The\ncalculation of the partition and spin correlation functions at low temperature\nlimit is reduced to the quantum mechanical problem of a particle in potential\nwell. It is shown that the thermodynamic quantities are universal functions of\nthe temperature normalized by the chiral domain wall energy. The obtained\nbehavior of the static structure factor indicates that the short-range\nhelical-type correlations existing at low temperatures on the helical side of\nthe transition point disappear at some critical temperature, defining the\nLifshitz point. It is also shown that the low-temperature susceptibility in the\nhelical phase near the transition point has a maximum at some temperature. Such\nbehavior is in agreement with that observed in several materials described by\nthe quantum $s=1/2$ version of this model.",
        "positive": "Derivation of an equation of pair correlation function from BBGKY\n  hierarchy in a weakly coupled self gravitating system: An equation of pair correlation function has been derived from the first two\nmembers of BBGKY hierarchy in a weakly coupled inhomogeneous self gravitating\nsystem in quasi thermal equilibrium. This work may be useful to study the\nthermodynamic properties of the central region of a star cluster which is older\nthan a few or more central relaxation time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Resonant nonequilibrium temperatures: We investigate nonequilibrium temperatures in a two-state system driven to a\nnonequilibrium steady state by the action of an oscillatory field. The\nnonequilibrium temperature is determined by coupling a small cavity or probe to\nthe nonequilibrium system and studying the fluctuating noise in the cavity, as\nhas been proposed in the context of glassy systems. We show the presence of\nresonant effects in the nonequilibrium temperature and discuss the existence of\na constitutive steady-state equation in such nonequilibrium conditions. We\npropose this simple model as an excellent system to carry out experimental\nmeasurements of nonequilibrium temperatures. This may help to better understand\nthe physical meaning of this elusive concept.",
        "positive": "Work fluctuations for Bose particles in grand canonical initial states: We consider bosons in a harmonic trap and investigate the fluctuations of the\nwork performed by an adiabatic change of the trap curvature. Depending on the\nreservoir conditions such as temperature and chemical potential that provide\nthe initial equilibrium state, the exponentiated work average (EWA) defined in\nthe context of the Crooks relation and the Jarzynski equality may diverge if\nthe trap becomes wider. We investigate how the probability distribution\nfunction (PDF) of the work signals this divergence. It is shown that at low\ntemperatures the PDF is highly asymmetric with a steep fall off at one side and\nan exponential tail at the other side. For high temperatures it is closer to a\nsymmetric distribution approaching a Gaussian form. These properties of the\nwork PDF are discussed in relation to the convergence of the EWA and to the\nexistence of the hypothetical equilibrium state to which those thermodynamic\npotential changes refer that enter both the Crooks relation and the Jarzynski\nequality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple topological model with continuous phase transition: In the area of topological and geometric treatment of phase transitions and\nsymmetry breaking in Hamiltonian systems, in a recent paper some general\nsufficient conditions for these phenomena in $\\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric systems\n(i.e. invariant under reflection of coordinates) have been found out. In this\npaper we present a simple topological model satisfying the above conditions\nhoping to enlighten the mechanism which causes this phenomenon in more general\nphysical models. The symmetry breaking is testified by a continuous\nmagnetization with a nonanalytic point in correspondence of a critical\ntemperature which divides the broken symmetry phase from the unbroken one. A\nparticularity with respect to the common pictures of a phase transition is that\nthe nonanalyticity of the magnetization is not accompanied by a nonanalytic\nbehavior of the free energy.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum systems: order parameter evolution,\n  defect generation, and qubit transfer: In this review, we study some aspects of the non-equilibrium dynamics of\nquantum systems. In particular, we consider the effect of varying a parameter\nin the Hamiltonian of a quantum system which takes it across a quantum critical\npoint or line. We study both sudden and slow quenches in a variety of systems\nincluding one-dimensional ultracold atoms in an optical lattice, an infinite\nrange ferromagnetic Ising model, and some exactly solvable spin models in one\nand two dimensions (such as the Kitaev model). We show that quenching leads to\nthe formation of defects whose density has a power-law dependence on the\nquenching rate; the power depends on the dimensionalities of the system and of\nthe critical surface and on some of the exponents associated with the critical\npoint which is being crossed. We also study the effect of non-linear quenching;\nthe power law of the defects then depends on the degree of non-linearity.\nFinally, we study some spin-1/2 models to discuss how a qubit can be\ntransferred across a system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic analysis of chemical reactions in multi-component interacting\n  systems at criticality: We numerically and analytically investigate the behavior of a non-equilibrium\nphase transition in the second Schl\\\"ogl autocatalytic reaction scheme. Our\nmodel incorporates both an interaction-induced phase separation and a\nbifurcation in the reaction kinetics, with these critical lines coalescing at a\nbicritical point in the macroscopic limit. We construct a stochastic master\nequation for the reaction processes to account for the presence of mutual\nparticle interactions in a thermodynamically consistent manner by imposing a\ngeneralized detailed balance condition, which leads to exponential corrections\nfor the transition rates. In a non-spatially extended (zero-dimensional)\nsetting, we treat the interactions in a mean-field approximation, and introduce\na minimal model that encodes the physical behavior of the bicritical point and\npermits the exact evaluation of the anomalous scaling for the particle number\nfluctuations in the thermodynamic limit. We obtain that the system size scaling\nexponent for the particle number variance changes from $\\beta_0 = 3/2$ at the\nstandard non-interacting bifurcation to $\\beta = 12/7$ at the interacting\nbicritical point. The methodology developed here provides a generic route for\nthe quantitative analysis of fluctuation effects in chemical reactions\noccurring in multi-component interacting systems.",
        "positive": "Random site percolation on honeycomb lattices with complex neighborhoods: We present a rough estimation -- up to four significant digits, based on the\nscaling hypothesis and the probability of belonging to the largest cluster vs.\nthe occupation probability -- of the critical occupation probabilities for the\nrandom site percolation problem on a honeycomb lattice with complex\nneighborhoods containing sites up to the fifth coordination zone. There are 31\nsuch neighborhoods with their radius ranging from one to three and containing\nfrom three to 24 sites. For two-dimensional regular lattices with compact\nextended-range neighborhoods, in the limit of the large number $z$ of sites in\nthe neighborhoods, the site percolation thresholds $p_c$ follow the dependency\n$p_c\\propto 1/z$, as recently shown by Xun, Hao and Ziff [Physical Review E\n105, 024105 (2022)]. On the contrary, noncompact neighborhoods (with holes)\ndestroy this dependence due to the degeneracy of the percolation threshold\n(several values of $p_c$ corresponding to the same number $z$ of sites in the\nneighborhoods). An example of a single-value index $\\zeta=\\sum_i z_i r_i$ --\nwhere $z_i$ and $r_i$ are the number of sites and radius of the $i$-th\ncoordination zone, respectively -- characterizing the neighborhood and allowing\navoiding the above-mentioned degeneracy is presented. The percolation threshold\nobtained follows the inverse square root dependence $p_c\\propto 1/\\sqrt\\zeta$.\nThe functions boundaries() (written in C) for basic neighborhoods (for the\nunique coordination zone) for the Newman and Ziff algorithm [Physical Review E\n64, 016706 (2001)] are also presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A modified one-dimensional Sznajd model: The Sznajd model is an Ising spin model representing a simple mechanism of\nmaking up decisions in a closed community. In the model each member of the\ncommunity can take two attitudes A or B represented by a spin up or spin down\nstate respectively. It has been shown that, in one-dimension starting from a\ntotally random initial state, three final fixed points can be obtained; all\nspins up, all spins down or an antiferromagnetic state in which each site take\na state which is opposite from its two nearest neighbors. Here, a modification\nof the updating rule of the Sznajd model is proposed in order to avoid such\nantiferromagnetic state since it is considered to be an unrealistic state in a\nreal community.",
        "positive": "Entropy production as change in observational entropy: The second law of nonequilibrium thermodynamics within the open system\nparadigm (a small system coupled to one or multiple baths) is derived. This is\ndone by showing positivity of entropy production for arbitrary Hamiltonian\ndynamics for a large class of initial states. Using the recently introduced\nnotion of observational entropy, shortcomings of previous approaches are\novercome. I apologize that the actual abstract of the manuscript is longer than\nthe arXiv guidelines allow and therefore not displayed here."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotic behaviour of convex and column-convex lattice polygons with\n  fixed area and varying perimeter: We study the inflated phase of two dimensional lattice polygons, both convex\nand column-convex, with fixed area A and variable perimeter, when a weight\n\\mu^t \\exp[- Jb] is associated to a polygon with perimeter t and b bends. The\nmean perimeter is calculated as a function of the fugacity \\mu and the bending\nrigidity J. In the limit \\mu -> 0, the mean perimeter has the asymptotic\nbehaviour \\avg{t}/4 \\sqrt{A} \\simeq 1 - K(J)/(\\ln \\mu)^2 + O (\\mu/ \\ln \\mu) .\nThe constant K(J) is found to be the same for both types of polygons,\nsuggesting that self-avoiding polygons should also exhibit the same asymptotic\nbehaviour.",
        "positive": "Entanglement and classical fluctuations at finite-temperature critical\n  points: We investigate several entanglement-related quantities at finite-temperature\ncriticality in the three-dimensional quantum spherical model, both as a\nfunction of temperature $T$ and of the quantum parameter $g$, which measures\nthe strength of quantum fluctuations. While the von Neumann and the R\\'enyi\nentropies exhibit the volume-law for any $g$ and $T$, the mutual information\nobeys an area law. The prefactors of the volume-law and of the area-law are\nregular across the transition, reflecting that universal singular terms vanish\nat the transition. This implies that the mutual information is dominated by\nnonuniversal contributions. This hampers its use as a witness of criticality,\nat least in the spherical model. We also study the logarithmic negativity. For\nany value of $g,T$, the negativity exhibits an area-law. The negativity\nvanishes deep in the paramagnetic phase, it is larger at small temperature, and\nit decreases upon increasing the temperature. For any $g$, it exhibits the\nso-called sudden death, i.e., it is exactly zero for large enough $T$. The\nvanishing of the negativity defines a \"death line\", which we characterise\nanalytically at small $g$. Importantly, for any finite $T$ the area-law\nprefactor is regular across the transition, whereas it develops a cusp-like\nsingularity in the limit $T\\to 0$. Finally, we consider the single-particle\nentanglement and negativity spectra. The vast majority of the levels are\nregular across the transition. Only the larger ones exhibit singularities.\nThese are related to the presence of a zero mode, which reflects the symmetry\nbreaking. This implies the presence of sub-leading singular terms in the\nentanglement entropies. Interestingly, since the larger levels do not\ncontribute to the negativity, sub-leading singular corrections are expected to\nbe suppressed for the negativity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interlinking motifs and entropy landscapes of statistically interacting\n  particles: The s=1/2 Ising chain with uniform nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor\ncoupling is used to construct a system of floating particles characterized by\nmotifs of up to six consecutive local spins. The spin couplings cause the\nassembly of particles which, in turn, remain free of interaction energies even\nat high density. All microstates are configurations of particles from one of\nthree different sets, excited from pseudo-vacua associated with ground states\nof periodicities one, two, and four. The motifs of particles and elements of\npseudo-vacuum interlink in two shared site variables. The statistical\ninteraction between particles is encoded in a generalized Pauli principle,\ndescribing how the placement of one particle modifies the options for placing\nfurther particles. In the statistical mechanical analysis arbitrary energies\ncan be assigned to all particle species. The entropy is a function of the\nparticle populations. The statistical interaction specifications are\ntransparently built into that expression. The energies and structures of the\nparticles alone govern the ordering at low temperature. Under special\ncircumstances the particles can be replaced by more fundamental particles with\nshorter motifs that interlink in only one shared site variable. Structures\nemerge from interactions on two levels: particles with shapes from coupled\nspins and long-range ordering tendencies from statistically interacting\nparticles with shapes.",
        "positive": "Self-Organized Criticality and Universality in a Nonconservative\n  Earthquake Model: We make an extensive numerical study of a two dimensional nonconservative\nmodel proposed by Olami-Feder-Christensen to describe earthquake behavior. By\nanalyzing the distribution of earthquake sizes using a multiscaling method, we\nfind evidence that the model is critical, with no characteristic length scale\nother than the system size, in agreement with previous results. However, in\ncontrast to previous claims, we find convergence to universal behaviour as the\nsystem size increases, over a range of values of the dissipation parameter,\n$\\alpha$. We also find that both ``free'' and ``open'' boundary conditions tend\nto the same result.\n  Our analysis indicates that, as $L$ increases, the behaviour slowly converges\ntoward a power law distribution of earthquake sizes\n  $P(s) \\sim s^{-\\tau}$ with exponent $\\tau \\simeq 1.8$. The universal value of\n$\\tau$ we find numerically agrees quantitatively with the empirical value\n($\\tau=B+1$) associated with the Gutenberg-Richter law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Algorithms for Brownian first passage time estimation: A class of algorithms in discrete space and continuous time for Brownian\nfirst passage time estimation is considered. A simple algorithm is derived that\nyields exact mean first passage times (MFPT) for linear potentials in one\ndimension, regardless of the lattice spacing. When applied to nonlinear\npotentials and/or higher spatial dimensions, numerical evidence suggests that\nthis algorithm yields MFPT estimates that either outperform or rival\nLangevin-based (discrete time, continuous space) estimates.",
        "positive": "Ashkin-Teller criticality and pseudo first-order behavior in a\n  frustrated Ising model on the square lattice: We study the challenging thermal phase transition to stripe order in the\nfrustrated square-lattice Ising model with couplings J1<0 (nearest-neighbor,\nferromagnetic) and J2>0 (second-neighbor, antiferromagnetic) for g=J2/|J1|>1/2.\nUsing Monte Carlo simulations and known analytical results, we demonstrate\nAshkin-Teller criticality for g>= g*, i.e., the critical exponents vary\ncontinuously between those of the 4-state Potts model at g=g* and the Ising\nmodel for g -> infinity. Thus, stripe transitions offer a route to realizing a\nrelated class of conformal field theories with conformal charge c=1 and varying\nexponents. The transition is first-order for g<g*= 0.67(1), much lower than\npreviously believed, and exhibits pseudo first-order behavior for g* < g < 1."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin-oscillator model for DNA/RNA unzipping by mechanical force: We model unzipping of DNA/RNA molecules subject to an external force by a\nspin-oscillator system. The system comprises a macroscopic degree of freedom,\nrepresented by a one-dimensional oscillator, and internal degrees of freedom,\nrepresented by Glauber spins with nearest-neighbor interaction and a coupling\nconstant proportional to the oscillator position. At a critical value $F_c$ of\nan applied external force $F$, the oscillator rest position (order parameter)\nchanges abruptly and the system undergoes a first-order phase transition. When\nthe external force is cycled at different rates, the extension given by the\noscillator position exhibits a hysteresis cycle at high loading rates whereas\nit moves reversibly over the equilibrium force-extension curve at very low\nloading rates. Under constant force, the logarithm of the residence time at the\nstable and metastable oscillator rest position is proportional to $(F-F_c)$ as\nin an Arrhenius law.",
        "positive": "Searching for the Tracy-Widom distribution in nonequilibrium processes: While originally discovered in the context of the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble,\nthe Tracy-Widom distribution also rules the height fluctuations of growth\nprocesses. This suggests that there might be other nonequilibrium processes in\nwhich the Tracy-Widom distribution plays an important role. In our contribution\nwe study one-dimensional systems with domain wall initial conditions. For an\nappropriate choice of parameters the profile develops a rarefaction wave, while\nmaintaining the initial equilibrium states far to the left and right, which\nthus serve as infinitely extended thermal reservoirs. For a Fermi-Pasta-Ulam\ntype anharmonic chain we will demonstrate that the time-integrated current has\na deterministic contribution, linear in time $t$, and fluctuations of size\n$t^{1/3}$ with a Tracy-Widom distributed random amplitude."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Derivation of the spin-glass order parameter from stochastic\n  thermodynamics: A fluctuation relation is derived to extract the order parameter function\n$q(x)$ in weakly ergodic systems. The relation is based on measuring and\nclassifying entropy production fluctuations according to the value of the\noverlap $q$ between configurations. For a fixed value of $q$, entropy\nproduction fluctuations are Gaussian distributed allowing us to derive the\nquasi-FDT so characteristic of aging systems. The theory is validated by\nextracting the $q(x)$ in various types of glassy models. It might be generally\napplicable to other nonequilibrium systems and experimental small systems.",
        "positive": "Competition between ac driving-forces and L\u00e9vy flights in a\n  nonthermal ratchet: Transport of overdamped particles in an asymmetrically periodic potential is\ninvestigated in the presence of L\\'{e}vy noise and ac-driving forces. The group\nvelocity is used to measure the transport driven by the nonthermal noise. It is\nfound that the L\\'{e}vy flights and ac-driving forces are the two different\ndriving factors that can break thermodynamical equilibrium. The competition\nbetween the two factors will induce some peculiar phenomena. For example,\nmultiple transport reversals occur on changing the noise intensity.\nAdditionally, we also find that the group velocity as a function of L\\'{e}vy\nindex is nonmonotonic for small values of the noise intensity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critique of multinomial coefficients method for evaluating Tsallis and\n  Renyi entropies: Oikonomou [Physica A 386 (2007) 119] has published a calculation which\npurports to show that the Tsallis and Renyi entropies can be obtained from the\ngeneralized multinomial coefficients. In this paper, we prove that the method\nof generalized multinomial coefficients failed to determine the Tsallis entropy\nat equilibrium. Moreover, it is shown that Oikonomou's analysis contains\nmistakes which led him to misleading statements related to the Jaynes principle\nof maximum entropy, the Tsallis and the Renyi statistics.",
        "positive": "Many-body Green's function theory of ferromagnetic Heisenberg systems\n  with single-ion anisotropies in more than one direction: The behaviour of ferromagnetic systems with single-ion anisotropies in more\nthan one direction is investigated with many-body Green's function theory\ngeneralizing earlier work with uniaxial anisotropies only. It turns out to be\nof advantage to construct Green's functions in terms of the spin operators S^x,\nS^y and S^z, instead of the commonly used S^+,S^- and S^z operators. The\nexchange energy terms are decoupled by RPA and the single-ion anisotropy terms\nby a generalization of the Anderson-Callen decoupling. We stress that in the\nderivation of the formalism none of the three spatial axes is special, so that\none is always able to select a reference direction along which a magnetization\ncomponent is not zero. Analytical expressions are obtained for all three\ncomponents of the magnetization and the expectation values <(S^x)^2>, <(S^y)^2>\nand <(S^z)^2> for any spin quantum number S. The formalism considers both\nin-plane and out-of-plane anisotropies. Numerical calculations illustrate the\nbehaviour of the magnetization for 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional systems for\nvarious parameters. In the 2-dimensional case, the magnetic dipole-dipole\ncoupling is included, and a comparison is made between in-plane and\nout-of-plane anisotropies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exactly solvable nonequilibrium Langevin relaxation of a trapped\n  nanoparticle: In this work, we study the nonequilibrium statistical properties of the\nrelaxation dynamics of a nanoparticle trapped in a harmonic potential. We\nreport an exact time-dependent analytical solution to the Langevin dynamics\nthat arises from the stochastic differential equation of our system's energy in\nthe underdamped regime. By utilizing this stochastic thermodynamics approach,\nwe are able to completely describe the heat exchange process between the\nnanoparticle and the surrounding environment. As an important consequence of\nour results, we observe the validity of the heat exchange fluctuation theorem\n(XFT) in our setup, which holds for systems arbitrarily far from equilibrium\nconditions. By extending our results for the case of $N$ noninterating\nnanoparticles, we perform analytical asymptotic limits and direct numerical\nsimulations that corroborate our analytical predictions.",
        "positive": "What is the length of a knot in a polymer?: We give statistical definitions of the length, l, of a loose prime knot tied\ninto a long, fluctuating ring macromolecule. Monte Carlo results for the\nequilibrium, good solvent regime show that < l > ~ N^t, where N is the ring\nlength and t ~ 0.75 is independent of the knot topology. In the collapsed\nregime below the theta temperature, length determinations based on the entropic\ncompetition of different knots within the same ring show delocalization (t~1)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On Maximum Entropy and Inference: Maximum Entropy is a powerful concept that entails a sharp separation between\nrelevant and irrelevant variables. It is typically invoked in inference, once\nan assumption is made on what the relevant variables are, in order to estimate\na model from data, that affords predictions on all other (dependent) variables.\nConversely, maximum entropy can be invoked to retrieve the relevant variables\n(sufficient statistics) directly from the data, once a model is identified by\nBayesian model selection. We explore this approach in the case of spin models\nwith interactions of arbitrary order, and we discuss how relevant interactions\ncan be inferred. In this perspective, the dimensionality of the inference\nproblem is not set by the number of parameters in the model, but by the\nfrequency distribution of the data. We illustrate the method showing its\nability to recover the correct model in a few prototype cases and discuss its\napplication on a real dataset.",
        "positive": "Spectrum of the Product of Independent Random Gaussian Matrices: We show that the eigenvalue density of a product X=X_1 X_2 ... X_M of M\nindependent NxN Gaussian random matrices in the large-N limit is rotationally\nsymmetric in the complex plane and is given by a simple expression\nrho(z,\\bar{z}) = 1/(M\\pi\\sigma^2} |z|^{-2+2/M} for |z|<\\sigma, and is zero for\n|z|> \\sigma. The parameter \\sigma corresponds to the radius of the circular\nsupport and is related to the amplitude of the Gaussian fluctuations. This form\nof the eigenvalue density is highly universal. It is identical for products of\nGaussian Hermitian, non-Hermitian, real or complex random matrices. It does not\nchange even if the matrices in the product are taken from different Gaussian\nensembles. We present a self-contained derivation of this result using a planar\ndiagrammatic technique for Gaussian matrices. We also give a numerical evidence\nsuggesting that this result applies also to matrices whose elements are\nindependent, centered random variables with a finite variance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Resonance induced by repulsive interactions in a model of\n  globally-coupled bistable systems: We show the existence of a competition-induced resonance effect for a generic\nglobally coupled bistable system. In particular, we demonstrate that the\nresponse of the macroscopic variable to an external signal is optimal for a\nparticular proportion of repulsive links. Furthermore, we show that a resonance\nalso occurs for other system parameters, like the coupling strength and the\nnumber of elements. We relate this resonance to the appearance of a multistable\nregion, and we predict the location of the resonance peaks, by a simple\nspectral analysis of the Laplacian matrix.",
        "positive": "Quantum integrable system with two color components in two dimensions: The Davey-Stewartson 1(DS1) system[9] is an integrable model in two\ndimensions. A quantum DS1 system with 2 colour-components in two dimensions has\nbeen formulated. This two-dimensional problem has been reduced to two\none-dimensional many-body problems with 2 colour-components. The solutions of\nthe two-dimensional problem under consideration has been constructed from the\nresulting problems in one dimensions. For latters with the $\\delta $-function\ninteractions and being solved by the Bethe ansatz, we introduce symmetrical and\nantisymmetrical Young operators of the permutation group and obtain the exact\nsolutions for the quantum DS1 system. The application of the solusions is\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fundamental Structural Constraint of Random Scale-Free Networks: We study the structural constraint of random scale-free networks that\ndetermines possible combinations of the degree exponent $\\gamma$ and the upper\ncutoff $k_c$ in the thermodynamic limit. We employ the framework of\ngraphicality transitions proposed by [Del Genio and co-workers, Phys. Rev.\nLett. {\\bf 107}, 178701 (2011)], while making it more rigorous and applicable\nto general values of kc. Using the graphicality criterion, we show that the\nupper cutoff must be lower than $k_c N^{1/\\gamma}$ for $\\gamma < 2$, whereas\nany upper cutoff is allowed for $\\gamma > 2$. This result is also numerically\nverified by both the random and deterministic sampling of degree sequences.",
        "positive": "Deriving GENERIC from a generalized fluctuation symmetry: Much of the structure of macroscopic evolution equations for relaxation to\nequilibrium can be derived from symmetries in the dynamical fluctuations around\nthe most typical trajectory. For example, detailed balance as expressed in\nterms of the Lagrangian for the path-space action leads to gradient zero-cost\nflow. We find a new such fluctuation symmetry that implies GENERIC, an\nextension of gradient flow where a Hamiltonian part is added to the dissipative\nterm in such a way as to retain the free energy as Lyapunov function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pressure and surface tension of an active simple liquid: a comparison\n  between kinetic, mechanical and free-energy based approaches: We discuss different definitions of pressure for a system of active spherical\nparticles driven by a non-thermal coloured noise. We show that mechanical,\nkinetic and free-energy based approaches lead to the same result up to first\norder in the non-equilibrium expansion parameter. The first prescription is\nbased on a generalisation of the kinetic mesoscopic virial equation and\nexpresses the pressure exerted on the walls in terms of the average of the\nvirial of the inter-particle forces. In the second approach, the pressure and\nthe surface tension are identified with the volume and area derivatives,\nrespectively, of the partition function associated with the known stationary\nnon-equilibrium distribution of the model. The third method is a mechanical\napproach and is related to the work necessary to deform the system. The\npressure is obtained by comparing the expression of the work in terms of local\nstress and strain with the corresponding expression in terms of microscopic\ndistribution. This is determined from the force balance encoded in the\nBorn-Green-Yvon equation. Such a method has the advantage of giving a formula\nfor the local pressure tensor and the surface tension even in inhomogeneous\nsituations. By direct inspection, we show that the three procedures lead to the\nsame values of the pressure, and give support to the idea that the partition\nfunction, obtained via the unified coloured noise approximation, is more than a\nformal property of the system, but determines the stationary non-equilibrium\nthermodynamics of the model.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of granular avalanches caused by local perturbations: Surface flow of granular material is investigated within a continuum approach\nin two dimensions. The dynamics is described by a non-linear coupling between\nthe two `states' of the granular material: a mobile layer and a static bed.\nFollowing previous studies, we use mass and momentum conservation to derive\nSt-Venant like equations for the evolution of the thickness R of the mobile\nlayer and the profile Z of the static bed. This approach allows the rheology in\nthe flowing layer to be specified independently, and we consider in details the\ntwo following models: a constant plug flow and a linear velocity profile. We\nstudy and compare these models for non-stationary avalanches triggered by a\nlocalized amount of mobile grains on a static bed of constant slope. We solve\nanalytically the non-linear dynamical equations by the method of\ncharacteristics. This enables us to investigate the temporal evolution of the\navalanche size, amplitude and shape as a function of model parameters and\ninitial conditions. In particular, we can compute their large time behavior as\nwell as the condition for the formation of shocks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatial evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game with three strategies and\n  external constraints: The emergence of mutual cooperation is studied in a spatially extended\nevolutionary prisoner's dilemma game in which the players are located on the\nsites of cubic lattices for dimensions d=1, 2, and 3. Each player can choose\none of the three strategies: cooperation (C), defection (D) or Tit for Tat (T).\nDuring the evolutionary process the randomly chosen players adopt one of their\nneighboring strategies if the chosen neighbor has higher payoff. Morover, an\nexternal constraint imposes that the players always cooperate with probability\np. The stationary state phase diagram are computed by both using generalized\nmean-field approximations and Monte Carlo simulations. Nonequilibrium second\norder phase transitions assosiated with the extinction of one of the possible\nstrategies are found and the corresponding critical exponents belong to the\ndirected percolation universality class. It is shown that forcing externally\nthe collaboration does not always produce the desired result.",
        "positive": "Competing interactions near the liquid-liquid phase transition of\n  core-softened water/methanol mixtures: Water is an unique material with a long list of thermodynamic, dynamic and\nstructural anomalies, which are usually attributed to the competition between\ntwo characteristic length scales in the intermolecular interaction. It has been\nargued that a potential liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) ending at a\nliquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) lies at the core of the anomalous behavior\nof water. This transition which has been evidenced in multiple simulation\nstudies seems to be preempted experimentally by spontaneous crystallization.\nHere, in order to expose the connection between the spontaneous crystallization\nobserved in the supercooled regime in the vicinity of the LLPT, and the density\nanomaly, we perform extensive Molecular Dynamics simulations of a model mixture\nof core-softened water and methanol. The pure water-like fluid exhibits a LLPT\nand a density anomaly. In contrast, our pure methanol-like model does have a\nLLPT but lacks the density anomaly. Our results illustrate the relation between\nthe vanishing of the density anomaly and an increase in the temperature of the\nspontaneous crystallization: once this temperature surpasses the LLCP critical\ntemperature, no density anomaly is observed. This peculiar feature illustrates\nhow fine tuning the competitive interactions determine the anomalous behavior\nof water/alcohol mixtures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "What can we still learn from Brownian motion?: Recent result of the numerical simulation of stochastic motion of\nconservative mechanical or weakly damped Brownian motion subject to\nconservative forces reveals that, in the case of Gaussian random forces, the\npath probability depends exponentially on Lagrangian action. This distribution\nimplies a fundamental principle generalizing the least action principle of the\nHamiltonian/Lagrangian mechanics and yields an extended formalism of mechanics\nfor random dynamics. Within this theory, Liouville theorem of conservation of\nphase distribution breaks down. This opens a way to the Boltzmann H theorem. We\nargue that the randomness is a crucial distinction between two kingdoms of\nHamiltonian/Lagrangian mechanics: the stochastic dynamics and the regular one\nwhich is a special case of the first one for vanishing randomness. This\ndistinction was missing in the criticisms of this theorem from Loschmidt,\nPoincar\\'e and Zermelo.",
        "positive": "Demixing in binary mixtures of hard hyperspheres: The phase behavior of binary fluid mixtures of hard hyperspheres in four and\nfive dimensions is investigated. Spinodal instability is found by using a\nrecent and accurate prescription for the equation of state of the mixture that\nrequires the equation of state of the single component fluid as input. The role\nplayed by the dimensionality on the possible metastability of the demixing\ntransition with respect to a fluid-solid transition is discussed. The binodal\ncurves in the pressure--chemical potential representation are seen to lie on a\ncommon line, independent of the size ratio"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Viability of competing field theories for the driven lattice gas: It has recently been suggested that the driven lattice gas should be\ndescribed by a novel field theory in the limit of infinite drive. We review the\noriginal and the new field theory, invoking several well-documented key\nfeatures of the microscopics. Since the new field theory fails to reproduce\nthese characteristics, we argue that it cannot serve as a viable description of\nthe driven lattice gas. Recent results, for the critical exponents associated\nwith this theory, are re-analyzed and shown to be incorrect.",
        "positive": "Towards measuring Entanglement Entropies in Many Body Systems: We explore the relation between entanglement entropy of quantum many body\nsystems and the distribution of corresponding, properly selected, observables.\nSuch a relation is necessary to actually measure the entanglement entropy. We\nshow that in general, the Shannon entropy of the probability distribution of\ncertain symmetry observables gives a lower bound to the entropy. In some cases\nthis bound is saturated and directly gives the entropy. We also show other\ncases in which the probability distribution contains enough information to\nextract the entropy: we show how this is done in several examples including BEC\nwave functions, the Dicke model, XY spin chain and chains with strong\nrandomness."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics and escape of active particles in a harmonic trap: The dynamics of active particles is of interest at many levels and is the\nfocus of theoretical and experimental research. There have been many attempts\nto describe the dynamics of particles affected by random active forces in terms\nof an effective temperature. This kind of description is tempting due to the\nsimilarities (or lack thereof) with systems in or near thermal equilibrium.\nHowever, the generality and validity of the effective temperature is not yet\nfully understood. Here, we studied the dynamics of trapped particles subjected\nto both thermal and active forces. The particles were not overdamped.\nExpressions for the effective temperature due to the potential and kinetic\nenergies were derived, and they differ from each other. A third possible\neffective temperature can be derived from the escape time of the particle from\nthe trap, using a Kramers-like expression for the mean escape time. We found\nthat over a large fraction of the parameter space, the potential energy\neffective temperature is in agreement with the escape temperature, while the\nkinetic effective temperature only agrees with the former two in the overdamped\nlimit. Moreover, we show that the specific implementation of the random active\nforce, and not only its first two moments and the two point auto-correlation\nfunction, affects the escape time distribution.",
        "positive": "Fully developed isotropic turbulence: symmetries and exact identities: We consider the regime of fully developed isotropic and homogeneous\nturbulence of the Navier-Stokes equation with a stochastic forcing. We present\ntwo gauge symmetries of the corresponding Navier-Stokes field theory, and\nderive the associated general Ward identities. Furthermore, by introducing a\nlocal source bilinear in the velocity field, we show that these symmetries\nentail an infinite set of exact and local relations between correlation\nfunctions. They include in particular the K\\'arm\\'an-Howarth relation and\nanother exact relation for a pressure-velocity correlation function recently\nderived in Ref. [G. Falkovich, I. Fouxon, Y. Oz,J. Fluid Mech. 644, 465\n(2010)], that we further generalize."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic properties of systems controlled by autocatalytic reactions\n  II: We analyzed the stochastic behavior of systems controlled by autocatalytic\nreaction A+X -> X+X, X+X -> A+X, X -> B provided that the distribution of\nreacting particles in the system volume is uniform, i.e. the point model of\nreaction kinetics introduced in arXiv:cond-mat/0404402 can be applied. Assuming\nthe number of substrate particles A to be kept constant by a suitable\nreservoir, we derived the forward Kolmogorov equation for the probability of\nfinding n=0,1,... autocatalytic particles X in the system at a given time\nmoment. We have shown that the stochastic model results in an equation for the\nmean value of autocatalytic particles X which differs strongly from the kinetic\nrate equation. It has been found that not only the law of the mass action is\nviolated but also the bifurcation point is disappeared in the well-known\ndiagram of X particle- vs. A particle-concentration. Therefore, speculations\nabout the role of autocatalytic reactions in processes of the \"natural\nselection\" can be hardly supported.",
        "positive": "Memory-Controlled Diffusion: Memory effects require for their incorporation into random-walk models an\nextension of the conventional equations. The linear Fokker-Planck equation for\nthe probability density $p(\\vec r, t)$ is generalized to include non-linear and\nnon-local spatial-temporal memory effects. The realization of the memory\nkernels are restricted due the conservation of the basic quantity $p$. A\ngeneral criteria is given for the existence of stationary solutions. In case\nthe memory kernel depends on $p$ polynomially the transport is prevented. Owing\nto the delay effects a finite amount of particles remains localized and the\nfurther transport is terminated. For diffusion with non-linear memory effects\nwe find an exact solution in the long-time limit. Although the mean square\ndisplacement shows diffusive behavior, higher order cumulants exhibits\ndifferences to diffusion and they depend on the memory strength."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy Inflection and Invisible Low-Energy States: Defensive Alliance\n  Example: Lower temperature leads to a higher probability of visiting low-energy\nstates. This intuitive belief underlies most physics-inspired strategies for\naddressing hard optimization problems. For instance, the popular simulated\nannealing (SA) dynamics is expected to approach a ground state if the\ntemperature is lowered appropriately. Here we demonstrate that this belief is\nnot always justified. Specifically, we employ the cavity method to analyze the\nminimum strong defensive alliance problem and discover a bifurcation in the\nsolution space, induced by an inflection point in the entropy--energy profile.\nWhile easily accessible configurations are associated with the\nlower-free-energy branch, the low-energy configurations are associated with the\nhigher-free-energy branch within the same temperature range. There is a\ndiscontinuous phase transition between the high-energy configurations and the\nground states, which generally cannot be followed by SA. We introduce an\nenergy-clamping strategy to obtain superior solutions by following the\nhigher-free-energy branch, overcoming the limitations of SA.",
        "positive": "Geometrical Folding Transitions of the Triangular Lattice in the\n  Face-Centred Cubic Lattice: We study the folding of the regular two-dimensional triangular lattice\nembedded in the regular three-dimensional Face-Centred Cubic lattice, a\ndiscrete model for the crumpling of membranes. Possible folds are complete\nplanar folds, folds with the angle of a regular tetrahedron (71 degrees) or\nwith that of a regular octahedron (109 degrees). We study this model in the\npresence of a negative bending rigidity K, which favours the folding process.\nWe use both a cluster variation method (CVM) approximation and a transfer\nmatrix approach. The system is shown to undergo two separate geometrical\ntransitions with increasing |K|: a first discontinuous transition separates a\nphase where the triangular lattice is preferentially wrapped around octahedra\nfrom a phase where it is preferentially wrapped around tetrahedra. A second\ncontinuous transition separates this latter phase from a phase of complete\nfolding of the lattice on top of a single triangle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagrams of lattice models on Cayley tree and chandelier network:\n  a review: The main purpose of this review paper is to give systematically all the known\nresults on phase diagrams corresponding to lattice models (Ising and Potts) on\nCayley tree (or Bethe lattice) and chandelier networks. A detailed survey of\nvarious modelling applications of lattice models is reported. By using\nVannimenus's approach, the recursive equations of Ising and Potts models\nassociated to a given Hamiltonian on the Cayley tree are presented and\nanalyzed. The corresponding phase diagrams with programming codes in different\nprogramming languages are plotted. To detect the phase transitions in the\nmodulated phase, we investigate in detail the actual variation of the\nwave-vector $q$ with temperature and the Lyapunov exponent associated with the\ntrajectory of our current recursive system. We determine the transition between\ncommensurate ($C$) and incommensurate ($I$) phases by means of the Lyapunov\nexponents, wave-vector, and strange attractor for a comprehensive comparison.\nWe survey the dynamical behavior of the Ising model on the chandelier network.\nWe examine the phase diagrams of the Ising model corresponding to a given\nHamiltonian on a new type of \"Cayley-tree-like lattice\", such as triangular,\nrectangular, pentagonal chandelier networks (lattices). Moreover, several open\nproblems are discussed.",
        "positive": "Discreteness Effects in Population Dynamics: We analyse numerically the effects of small population size in the initial\ntransient regime of a simple example population dynamics. These effects play an\nimportant role for the numerical determination of large deviation functions of\nadditive observables for stochastic processes. A method commonly used in order\nto determine such functions is the so-called cloning algorithm which in its\nnon-constant population version essentially reduces to the determination of the\ngrowth rate of a population, averaged over many realizations of the dynamics.\nHowever, the averaging of populations is highly dependent not only on the\nnumber of realizations of the population dynamics, and on the initial\npopulation size but also on the cut-off time (or population) considered to stop\ntheir numerical evolution. This may result in an over-influence of discreteness\neffects at initial times, caused by small population size. We overcome these\neffects by introducing a (realization-dependent) time delay in the evolution of\npopulations, additional to the discarding of the initial transient regime of\nthe population growth where these discreteness effects are strong. We show that\nthe improvement in the estimation of the large deviation function comes\nprecisely from these two main contributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Perturbative Thermodynamic Geometry of Nonextensive Ideal Classical,\n  Bose and Fermi Gases: We investigate perturbative thermodynamic geometry of nonextensive ideal\nClassical, Bose and Fermi gases.We show that the intrinsic statistical\ninteraction of nonextensive Bose (Fermi) gas is attractive (repulsive) similar\nto the extensive case but the value of thermodynamic curvature is changed by\nnonextensive parameter. In contrary to the extensive ideal classical gas, the\nnonextensive one may be divided to two different regimes. According to\ndeviation parameter of the system to the nonextensive case, one can find a\nspecial value of fugacity, $z^{*}$, where the sign of thermodynamic curvature\nis changed. Therefore, we argue that the nonextensive parameter induces an\nattractive (repulsive) statistical interaction for $z<z^{*}$ ($z>z^{*}$) for an\nideal classical gas. Also, according to the singular point of thermodynamic\ncurvature, we consider the condensation of nonextensive Boson gas.",
        "positive": "The freezing tendency towards 4-coordinated amorphous network causes\n  increase in heat capacity of supercooled Stillinger-Weber silicon: The supercooled liquid silicon, modeled by Stillinger-Weber potential, shows\nanomalous increase in heat capacity $C_p$, with a maximum $C_p$ value close to\n1060 K at zero pressure. We study equilibration and relaxation of the\nsupercooled SW Si, in the temperature range of 1060 K--1070 K at zero pressure.\nWe find that as the relaxation of the metastable supercooled liquid phase\ninitiates, a straight line region (SLR) is formed in cumulative potential\nenergy distributions. The configurational temperature corresponding to the SLR\nis close to 1060 K, which was earlier identified as the freezing temperature of\n4-coordinated amorphous network. The SLR is found to be tangential to the\ndistribution of the metastable liquid phase and thus influences the broadness\nof the distribution. As the bath temperature is reduced from 1070 K to 1060 K,\nthe effective temperature approaches the bath temperature which results in\nbroadening of the metastable phase distribution. This, in turn, causes an\nincrease in overall fluctuations of potential energy and hence an increase of\nheat capacity. We also find that during initial stages of relaxation,\n4-coordinated atoms form 6-membered rings with a chair--like structure and\nother structural units that indicate crystallization. Simultaneously a strong\ncorrelation is established between the number of chair-shaped 6-membered rings\nand the number of 4-coordinated atoms in the system. This shows that all\nproperties related to 4-coordinated particles are highly correlated as the SLR\nis formed in potential energy distributions and this can be interpreted as a\nconsequence of `freezing' of amorphous network formed by 4-coordinated\nparticles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Gaussian distribution of collective operators in quantum spin chains: We numerically analyse the behavior of the full distribution of collective\nobservables in quantum spin chains. While most of previous studies of quantum\ncritical phenomena are limited to the first moments, here we demonstrate how\nquantum fluctuations at criticality lead to highly non-Gaussian distributions\nthus violating the central limit theorem. Interestingly, we show that the\ndistributions for different system sizes collapse after scaling on the same\ncurve for a wide range of transitions: first and second order quantum\ntransitions and transitions of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type. We\npropose and carefully analyse the feasibility of an experimental reconstruction\nof the distribution using light-matter interfaces for atoms in optical lattices\nor in optical resonators.",
        "positive": "A statistical mechanical derivation of thermodynamically consistent\n  hydrodynamic equations for simple dissipative fluids: In this paper, a statistical mechanical derivation of thermodynamically\nconsistent fluid mechanical equations is presented for non-isothermal viscous\nmolecular fluids. The coarse-graining process is based on the combination of\nkey concepts from earlier works, including the Dirac-delta formalism of Irving\nand Kirkwood, the identity of statistical physical ensemble averages by\nKhinchin, and the Chapman-Enskog theory. The derivation (i) reveals the\nmicroscopic roots of the thermodynamic variational principles, (ii) provides\nthe relevant non-equilibrium thermodynamic potentials as well as the\nconstitutive relations, and (iii) guarantees the non-negativity of the entropy\nproduction rate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory and Current Fluctuations in Active\n  Lattice Gases: We study the current large deviations for a lattice model of interacting\nactive particles displaying a motility-induced phase separation (MIPS). To do\nthis, we first derive the exact fluctuating hydrodynamics of the model in the\nlarge system limit. On top of the usual Gaussian noise terms the theory also\npresents Poissonian noise terms, that we fully account for. We find a dynamical\nphase transition between flat density profiles and sharply phase-separated\ntraveling waves, and we derive the associated phase diagram together with the\nlarge deviation function for all phases, including the one displaying MIPS. We\nshow how the results can be obtained using methods similar to those of\nequilibrium phase separation, in spite of the nonequilibrium nature of the\nproblem.",
        "positive": "Ion condensation on charged patterned surfaces: We study ion condensation onto a patterned surface of alternating charges.\nThe competition between self-energy and ion-surface interactions leads to the\nformation of ionic crystalline structures at low temperatures. We consider\ndifferent arrangements of underlying ionic crystals, including single ion\nadsorption, as well as the formation of dipoles at the interface between\ncharged domains. Molecular dynamic simulation illustrates existence of single\nand mixed phases. Our results contribute to understanding pattern recognition,\nand molecular separation and synthesis near patterned surfaces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion in Curved Spacetimes: Using simple kinematical arguments, we derive the Fokker-Planck equation for\ndiffusion processes in curved spacetimes. In the case of Brownian motion, it\ncoincides with Eckart's relativistic heat equation (albeit in a simpler form),\nand therefore provides a microscopic justification for his phenomenological\nheat-flux ansatz. Furthermore, we obtain the small-time asymptotic expansion of\nthe mean square displacement of Brownian motion in static spacetimes. Beyond\ngeneral relativity itself, this result has potential applications in analogue\ngravitational systems.",
        "positive": "Non-sequential recursive pair substitutions and numerical entropy\n  estimates in symbolic dynamical systems: We numerically test the method of non-sequential recursive pair substitutions\nto estimate the entropy of an ergodic source. We compare its performance with\nother classical methods to estimate the entropy (empirical frequencies, return\ntimes, Lyapunov exponent). We considered as a benchmark for the methods several\nsystems with different statistical properties: renewal processes, dynamical\nsystems provided and not provided with a Markov partition, slow or fast decay\nof correlations. Most experiments are supported by rigorous mathematical\nresults, which are explained in the paper."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gap statistics close to the quantile of a random walk: We consider a random walk of $n$ steps starting at $x_0=0$ with a double\nexponential (Laplace) jump distribution. We compute exactly the distribution\n$p_{k,n}(\\Delta)$ of the gap $d_{k,n}$ between the $k^{\\rm th}$ and $(k+1)^{\\rm\nth}$ maxima in the limit of large $n$ and large $k$, with $\\alpha=k/n$ fixed.\nWe show that the typical fluctuations of the gaps, which are of order $O(\nn^{-1/2})$, are described by a universal $\\alpha$-dependent distribution, which\nwe compute explicitly. Interestingly, this distribution has an inverse cubic\ntail, which implies a non-trivial $n$-dependence of the moments of the gaps. We\nalso argue, based on numerical simulations, that this distribution is\nuniversal, i.e. it holds for more general jump distributions (not only the\nLaplace distribution), which are continuous, symmetric with a well defined\nsecond moment. Finally, we also compute the large deviation form of the gap\ndistribution $p_{\\alpha n,n}(\\Delta)$ for $\\Delta=O(1)$, which turns out to be\nnon-universal.",
        "positive": "Locating a regular needle in a chaotic haystack, and conversely, using\n  Lyapunov Weighted Dynamics: In many physical systems, dynamics is ruled by structures of atypical\nchaoticity. These structures may occupy a very small volume in phase space and\ncan thus be very difficult to locate numerically. In this article, we review an\nalgorithm, the Lyapunov Weighted Dynamics, which efficiently reveals\ntrajectories of atypical chaoticity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium behaviors of 3D Heisenberg model in the Swendsen-Wang\n  algorithm: Recently Y. N. showed that the nonequilibrium critical relaxation of the 2D\nIsing model from the perfectly-ordered state in the Wolff algorithm is\ndescribed by the stretched-exponential decay, and found a universal scaling\nscheme to connect nonequilibrium and equilibrium behaviors. In the present\nstudy we extend these findings to vector spin models, and the 3D Heisenberg\nmodel could be a typical example. In order to evaluate the critical temperature\nand critical exponents precisely with the above scaling scheme, we calculate\nthe nonequilibrium ordering from the perfectly-disordered state in the\nSwendsen-Wamg algorithm, and find that the critical ordering process is\ndescribed by the stretched-exponential growth with the comparable exponent to\nthat of the 3D XY model. The critical exponents evaluated in the present study\nare consistent with those in previous studies.",
        "positive": "The Ising Model on a Quenched Ensemble of c = -5 Gravity Graphs: We study with Monte Carlo methods an ensemble of c=-5 gravity graphs,\ngenerated by coupling a conformal field theory with central charge c=-5 to\ntwo-dimensional quantum gravity. We measure the fractal properties of the\nensemble, such as the string susceptibility exponent gamma_s and the intrinsic\nfractal dimensions d_H. We find gamma_s = -1.5(1) and d_H = 3.36(4), in\nreasonable agreement with theoretical predictions. In addition, we study the\ncritical behavior of an Ising model on a quenched ensemble of the c=-5 graphs\nand show that it agrees, within numerical accuracy, with theoretical\npredictions for the critical behavior of an Ising model coupled dynamically to\ntwo-dimensional quantum gravity, provided the total central charge of the\nmatter sector is c=-5. From this we conjecture that the critical behavior of\nthe Ising model is determined solely by the average fractal properties of the\ngraphs, the coupling to the geometry not playing an important role."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum dynamics and entanglement of a 1D Fermi gas released from a trap: We investigate the entanglement properties of the nonequilibrium dynamics of\none-dimensional noninteracting Fermi gases released from a trap. The gas of N\nparticles is initially in the ground state within hard-wall or harmonic traps,\nthen it expands after dropping the trap. We compute the time dependence of the\nvon Neumann and Renyi entanglement entropies and the particle fluctuations of\nspatial intervals around the original trap, in the limit of a large number N of\nparticles. The results for these observables apply to one-dimensional gases of\nimpenetrable bosons as well.\n  We identify different dynamical regimes at small and large times, depending\nalso on the initial condition, whether it is that of a hard-wall or harmonic\ntrap. In particular, we analytically show that the expansion from hard-wall\ntraps is characterized by the asymptotic small-time behavior $S \\approx\n(1/3)\\ln(1/t)$ of the von Neumann entanglement entropy, and the relation\n$S\\approx \\pi^2 V/3$ where V is the particle variance, which are analogous to\nthe equilibrium behaviors whose leading logarithms are essentially determined\nby the corresponding conformal field theory with central charge $c=1$. The time\ndependence of the entanglement entropy of extended regions during the expansion\nfrom harmonic traps shows the remarkable property that it can be expressed as a\nglobal time-dependent rescaling of the space dependence of the initial\nequilibrium entanglement entropy.",
        "positive": "Theory and Simulation of Magnetic Materials: Physics at Phase Frontiers: The combination of theory and simulation is necessary in the investigation of\nproperties of complex systems where each method alone cannot do the task\nproperly. Theory needs simulation to test ideas and to check approximations.\nSimulation needs theory for modeling and for understanding results coming out\nfrom computers. In this review, we give recent examples to illustrate this\nnecessary combination in a few domains of interest such as frustrated spin\nsystems, surface magnetism, spin transport and melting. Frustrated spin systems\nhave been intensively studied for more than 30 years. Surface effects in\nmagnetic materials have been widely investigated also in the last three\ndecades. These fields are closely related to each other and their spectacular\ndevelopment is due to numerous applications. We confine ourselves to\ntheoretical developments and numerical simulations on these subjects with\nemphasis on spectacular effects occurring at frontiers of different phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact results on diffusion in a piecewise linear potential with a\n  rectangular sink: We propose a new method for finding the exact analytical solution in Laplace\ndomain for the problem where the probability density of a random walker in a\npiece-wise linear potential in presence of a rectangular sink of arbitrary\nwidth and height. The motion of the random walker is modelled by using\nSmoluchowski equation. For our model we have derived exact analytical\nexpression for rate constants. This is the first model where the exact\nanalytical solution in closed form is possible in the case of a sink of\narbitrary width for position dependent potential. This model is better for\nunderstanding reaction-diffusion systems than all other existing models\navailable in literature.",
        "positive": "Anisotropic self-affine properties of experimental fracture surfaces: The scaling properties of post-mortem fracture surfaces of brittle (silica\nglass), ductile (aluminum alloy) and quasi-brittle (mortar and wood) materials\nhave been investigated. These surfaces, studied far from the initiation, were\nshown to be self-affine. However, the Hurst exponent measured along the crack\ndirection is found to be different from the one measured along the propagation\ndirection. More generally, a complete description of the scaling properties of\nthese surfaces call for the use of the 2D height-height correlation function\nthat involves three exponents zeta = 0.75, beta = 0.6 and z = 1.25 independent\nof the material considered as well as of the crack growth velocity. These\nexponents are shown to correspond to the roughness, growth and dynamic\nexponents respectively, as introduced in interface growth models. They are\nconjectured to be universal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A first--order irreversible thermodynamic approach to a simple energy\n  converter: Several authors have shown that dissipative thermal cycle models based on\nFinite-Time Thermodynamics exhibit loop-shaped curves of power output versus\nefficiency, such as it occurs with actual dissipative thermal engines. Within\nthe context of First-Order Irreversible Thermodynamics (FOIT), in this work we\nshow that for an energy converter consisting of two coupled fluxes it is also\npossible to find loop-shaped curves of both power output and the so-called\necological function against efficiency. In a previous work Stucki [J.W. Stucki,\nEur. J. Biochem. vol. 109, 269 (1980)] used a FOIT-approach to describe the\nmodes of thermodynamic performance of oxidative phosphorylation involved in\nATP-synthesis within mithochondrias. In that work the author did not use the\nmentioned loop-shaped curves and he proposed that oxidative phosphorylation\noperates in a steady state simultaneously at minimum entropy production and\nmaximum efficiency, by means of a conductance matching condition between\nextreme states of zero and infinite conductances respectively. In the present\nwork we show that all Stucki's results about the oxidative phosphorylation\nenergetics can be obtained without the so-called conductance matching\ncondition. On the other hand, we also show that the minimum entropy production\nstate implies both null power output and efficiency and therefore this state is\nnot fulfilled by the oxidative phosphorylation performance. Our results suggest\nthat actual efficiency values of oxidative phosphorylation performance are\nbetter described by a mode of operation consisting in the simultaneous\nmaximization of the so-called ecological function and the efficiency.",
        "positive": "Viscometric Functions for a Dilute Solution of Polymers in a Good\n  Solvent: A dilute polymer solution is modeled as a suspension of non-interacting\nHookean dumbbells and the effect of excluded volume is taken into account by\nincorporating a narrow Gaussian repulsive potential between the beads of each\ndumbbell. The narrow Gaussian potential is a means of regularising a\ndelta-function potential---it tends to the delta-function potential in the\nlimit of the width parameter going to zero. Exact predictions of viscometric\nfunctions in simple shear flow are obtained with the help of a retarded motion\nexpansion and by Brownian dynamics simulations. It is shown that for relatively\nsmall non-zero values of the width parameter, the presence of excluded volume\ncauses a swelling of the dumbbell at equilibrium, and shear thinning in simple\nshear flow. On the other hand, a delta function excluded volume potential does\nnot lead to either swelling or to shear thinning. Approximate viscometric\nfunctions, obtained by assuming that the bead-connector vector is described by\na Gaussian non-equilibrium distribution function, are found to be accurate\nabove a threshold value of the width parameter, for a given value of the\nstrength of excluded volume interaction. A first order perturbation expansion\nreveals that the Gaussian approximation is exact to first order in the strength\nof excluded volume interaction. The predictions of an alternative quadratic\nexcluded volume potential suggested earlier by Fixman (J. Chem. Phys., 1966,\n45, 785; 793) are also compared with those of the narrow Gaussian potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The origin of the Poisson distribution in stochastic dynamics of gene\n  expression: The Poisson distribution is the probability distribution of the number of\nindependent events in a given period of time. Although the Poisson distribution\nappears ubiquitously in various stochastic dynamics of gene expression, both as\ntime-dependent distributions and the stationary distributions, underlying\nindependent events that give rise to such distributions have not been clear,\nespecially in the presence of the degradation of gene products, which is not a\nPoisson process. I show that, in fact, the variable that follows the Poisson\ndistribution is the number of independent events where biomolecules are\ncreated, which are destined to survive until the end of a given time duration.\nThis new viewpoint allows us to derive time-dependent Poisson distributions as\nsolutions of master equations for general class of protein production and\ndegradation dynamics, including models with time-dependent rates and a\nnon-Markovian model with delayed degradation. I then derive analytic forms of\ngeneral time-dependent probability distributions by combining the Poisson\ndistribution with the binomial or the multinomial distributions.",
        "positive": "Semiclassical analysis of distinct square partitions: We study the number $P(n)$ of partitions of an integer $n$ into sums of\ndistinct squares and derive an integral representation of the function $P(n)$.\nUsing semi-classical and quantum statistical methods, we determine its\nasymptotic average part $P_{as}(n)$, deriving higher-order contributions to the\nknown leading-order expression [M. Tran {\\it et al.}, Ann.\\ Phys.\\ (N.Y.) {\\bf\n311}, 204 (2004)], which yield a faster convergence to the average values of\nthe exact $P(n)$. From the Fourier spectrum of $P(n)$ we obtain hints that\ninteger-valued frequencies belonging to the smallest Pythagorean triples\n$(m,p,q)$ of integers with $m^2+p^2=q^2$ play an important role in the\noscillations of $P(n)$. Finally we analyze the oscillating part $\\delta\nP(n)=P(n)-P_{as}(n)$ in the spirit of semi-classical periodic orbit theory [M.\nBrack and R. K. Bhaduri: {\\it Semiclassical Physics} (Bolder, Westview Press,\n2003)]. A semi-classical trace formula is derived which accurately reproduces\nthe exact $\\delta P(n)$ for $n > \\sim 500$ using 10 pairs of `orbits'. For $n >\n\\sim 4000$ only two pairs of orbits with the frequencies 4 and 5 -- belonging\nto the lowest Pythagorean triple (3,4,5) -- are relevant and create the\nprominent beating pattern in the oscillations. For $n > \\sim 100,000$ the beat\nfades away and the oscillations are given by just one pair of orbits with\nfrequency 4."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Edwards-Wilkinson surface over a spherical substrate: $1/f$ noise in the\n  height fluctuations: We study the steady state fluctuations of an Edwards-Wilkinson type surface\nwith the substrate taken to be a sphere. We show that the height fluctuations\non circles at a given latitude has the effective action of a perfect Gaussian\n$1/f$ noise, just as in the case of fixed radius circles on an infinite planar\nsubstrate. The effective surface tension, which is the overall coefficient of\nthe action, does not depend on the latitude angle of the circles.",
        "positive": "Families of quasi-local conservation laws and quantum spin transport: For fundamental integrable quantum chains with deformed symmetries we outline\na general procedure for defining a continuous family of quasi-local operators\nwhose time-derivative is supported near the two boundary sites only. The\nprogram is implemented for a spin 1/2 XXZ chain, resulting in improved rigorous\nestimates for the high temperature spin Drude weight."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Irreversible phase transitions induced by an oscillatory input: A novel kind of irreversible phase transitions (IPT's) driven by an\noscillatory input parameter is studied by means of computer simulations. Second\norder IPT's showing scale invariance in relevant dynamic critical properties\nare found to belong to the universality class of directed percolation. In\ncontrast, the absence of universality is observed for first order IPT's.",
        "positive": "An improved estimator of Shannon entropy with applications to systems\n  with memory: We investigate the memory properties of discrete sequences built upon a\nfinite number of states. We find that the block entropy can reliably determine\nthe memory for systems modeled as Markov chains of arbitrary finite order.\nFurther, we provide an entropy estimator that remarkably gives accurate results\nwhen correlations are present. To illustrate our findings, we calculate the\nmemory of daily precipitation series at different locations. Our results are in\nagreement with existing methods being at the same time valid in the\nundersampled regime and independent of model selection."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Note on Edwards' Hypothesis for Zero-Temperature Ising Dynamics: We give a simple criterion for checking the so called Edwards' hypothesis in\ncertain zero-temperature, ferromagnetic spin-flip dynamics and use it to\ninvalidate the hypothesis in various examples in dimension one and higher.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics and Gravitation: From Glasses to Black Holes and Globular\n  Star Clusters: The topic of this conference is ``The Chaotic Universe''. One of the main\nachievements of last century has been to relate chaos in fluids to their\nthermodynamics. It is our purpose to make connection between chaos in\ngravitation and standard thermodynamics. Though there have been many previous\nsteps and attempts, so far no convincing conclusion has been reached.\n  After explaining how the approach works for glasses, we shall discuss the\nthermodynamics of two specific systems: black holes and globular star clusters.\nIn both cases we point out that the dynamics satisfies the first and second law\nof thermodynamics, though negative specific heats occur."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The dynamic critical exponent $z$ for 2d and 3d Ising models from\n  five-loop $\u03b5$ expansion: We calculate the dynamic critical exponent $z$ for 2d and 3d Ising\nuniversality classes by means of minimally subtracted five-loop $\\varepsilon$\nexpansion obtained for the one-component model A. This breakthrough turns out\nto be possible through the successful adaptation of the Sector Decomposition\ntechnique to the problems of critical dynamics. The obtained fifth perturbative\norder accompanied by the use of advanced resummation techniques for asymptotic\nseries allows us to find highly accurate numerical estimates of $z$: for two-\nand three-dimensional cases we obtain $\\boldsymbol{2.14(2)}$ and\n$\\boldsymbol{2.0235(8)}$ respectively. The numbers found are in good agreement\nwith recent results obtained using different approaches.",
        "positive": "Entropy production and fluctuation theorems for Langevin processes under\n  continuous non-Markovian feedback control: Continuous feedback control of Langevin processes may be non-Markovian due to\na time lag between the measurement and the control action. We show that this\nrequires to modify the basic relation between dissipation and time-reversal and\nto include a contribution arising from the non-causal character of the reverse\nprocess. We then propose a new definition of the quantity measuring the\nirreversibility of a path in a nonequilibrium stationary state, which can be\nalso regarded as the trajectory-dependent total entropy production. This leads\nto an extension of the second law which takes a simple form in the long-time\nlimit. As an illustration, we apply the general approach to linear systems\nwhich are both analytically tractable and experimentally relevant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Resonant behavior of the generalized Langevin system with tempered\n  Mittag-Leffler memory kernel: The generalized Langevin equation describes anomalous dynamics. Noise is not\nonly the origin of uncertainty but also plays a positive role in helping to\ndetect signal with information, termed stochastic resonance (SR). This paper\nanalyzes the anomalous resonant behaviors of the generalized Langevin system\nwith a multiplicative dichotomous noise and an internal tempered Mittag-Leffler\nnoise. For the system with fluctuating harmonic potential, we obtain the exact\nexpressions of several SR, such as, the first moment, the amplitude and the\nautocorrelation function for the output signal as well as the signal-noise\nratio. We analyze the influence of the tempering parameter and memory exponent\non the bona fide SR and the general SR. Moreover, it is detected that the\ncritical memory exponent changes regularly with the increase of tempering\nparameter. Almost all the theoretical results are validated by numerical\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Coupled Growing Networks: We introduce and solve a model which considers two coupled networks growing\nsimultaneously. The dynamics of the networks is governed by the new arrival of\nnetwork elements (nodes) making preferential attachments to pre-existing nodes\nin both networks. The model segregates the links in the networks as\nintra-links, cross-links and mix-links. The corresponding degree distributions\nof these links are found to be power-laws with exponents having coupled\nparameters for intra- and cross-links. In the weak coupling case the model\nreduces to a simple citation network. As for the strong coupling, it mimics the\nmechanism of \\emph{the web of human sexual contacts}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of \"comb-of-comb\" networks: The dynamics of complex networks, being a current hot topic of many\nscientific fields, is often coded through the corresponding Laplacian matrix.\nThe spectrum of this matrix carries the main features of the networks'\ndynamics. Here we consider the deterministic networks which can be viewed as\n\"comb-of-comb\" iterative structures. For their Laplacian spectra we find\nanalytical equations involving Chebyshev polynomials, whose properties allow\none to analyze the spectra in deep. Here, in particular, we find that in the\ninfinite size limit the corresponding spectral dimension goes as\n$d_s\\rightarrow2$. The $d_s$ leaves its fingerprint in many dynamical\nprocesses, as we exeplarily show by considering the dynamical properties of the\npolymer networks, including single monomer displacement under a constant force,\nmechanical relaxation, and fluorescence depolarization.",
        "positive": "Weak insensitivity to initial conditions at the edge of chaos in the\n  logistic map: We extend existing studies of weakly sensitive points within the framework of\nTsallis non-extensive thermodynamics to include weakly insensitive points at\nthe edge of chaos. Analyzing tangent points of the logistic map we have\nverified that the generalized entropy with suitable entropic index q correctly\ndescribes the approach to the attractor."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topology Controlled Potts Coarsening: We uncover unusual topological features in the long-time relaxation of the\n$q$-state kinetic Potts ferromagnet on the triangular lattice that is\ninstantaneously quenched to zero temperature from a zero-magnetization initial\nstate. For $q=3$, the final state is either: the ground state (frequency\n$\\approx 0.75$), a frozen three-hexagon state (frequency $\\approx 0.16$), a\ntwo-stripe state (frequency $\\approx 0.09$), or a three-stripe state (frequency\n$<2\\times 10^{-4}$). Other final state topologies, such as states with more\nthan 3 hexagons, occur with probability $10^{-5}$ or smaller, for $q=3$. The\nrelaxation to the frozen three-hexagon state is governed by a time that scales\nas $L^2\\ln L$. We provide a heuristic argument for this anomalous scaling and\npresent additional new features of Potts coarsening on the triangular lattice\nfor $q=3$ and for $q>3$.",
        "positive": "Protein Folding Kinetics: Time Scales, Pathways, and Energy Landscapes\n  in Terms of Sequence Dependent Properties: The folding kinetics of a number of sequences for off-lattice continuum model\nof proteins is studied using Langevin simulations at two values of the friction\ncoefficient. We show that there is a remarkable correlation between folding\ntimes, $\\tau _{F}$, and $\\sigma = (T_{\\theta } - T_{F})/T_{\\theta } $, where\n$T_{\\theta }$ and $T_{F}$ are the equilibrium collapse and folding transition\ntemperatures, respectively. The microscopic dynamics reveals several scenarios\nfor the refolding kinetics depending on the values of $\\sigma $. Proteins with\nsmall $\\sigma $ reach the native conformation via a nucleation collapse\nmechanism and their energy landscape is characterized by single dominant native\nbasin of attraction. Proteins with large $\\sigma $ get trapped in competing\nbasins of attraction, in which they adopt misfolded structures. In this case\nonly a small fraction of molecules $\\Phi $ access the native state rapidly, the\nmajority of them approach the native state by a three stage multipathway\nmechanism. The partition factor $\\Phi $ is determined by $\\sigma $: smaller the\nvalue of $\\sigma $ larger is $\\Phi $. The qualitative aspects of our results\nare found to be independent of the friction coefficient. Estimates for time\nscales for folding of small proteins via a nucleation collapse mechanism are\npresented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Parallel PERM: We develop and implement a parallel flatPERM algorithm \\cite{G97,PK04} with\nmutually interacting parallel flatPERM sequences and use it to sample\nself-avoiding walks in 2 and 3 dimensions. Our data show that the parallel\nimplementation accelerates the convergence of the flatPERM algorithm. Moreover,\nincreasing the number of interacting flatPERM sequences (rather than running\nlonger simulations) improves the rate of convergence. This suggests that a more\nefficient implementation of flatPERM will be a massively parallel\nimplementation, rather than long simulations of one, or a few parallel\nsequences. We also use the algorithm to estimate the growth constant of the\nself-avoiding walk in two and in three dimensions using simulations over 12\nparallel sequences. Our best results are \\[ \\mu_d = \\cases{ 2.6381585(1), &\n\\hbox{if $d=2$}; \\cr 4.684039(1), & \\hbox{if $d=3$}. } \\]",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic bounds on generalized transport: From single-molecule to\n  bulk observables: We prove that the transport of any scalar observable in $d$-dimensional\nnon-equilibrium systems is bounded from above by the total entropy production\nscaled by the amount the observation \"stretches\" microscopic coordinates. The\nresult -- a time-integrated generalized speed limit -- reflects the\nthermodynamic cost of transport of observables, and places underdamped and\noverdamped stochastic dynamics on equal footing with deterministic motion. Our\nwork allows for stochastic thermodynamics to make contact with bulk\nexperiments, and fills an important gap in thermodynamic inference, since\nmicroscopic dynamics is, at least for short times, underdamped. Requiring only\naverages but not sample-to-sample fluctuations, the proven transport bound is\npractical and applicable not only to single-molecule but also bulk experiments\nwhere only averages are observed, which we demonstrate by examples. Our results\nmay facilitate thermodynamic inference on molecular machines without an obvious\ndirectionality from bulk observations of transients probed, e.g. in\ntime-resolved X-ray scattering."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maximal distance travelled by N vicious walkers till their survival: We consider $N$ Brownian particles moving on a line starting from initial\npositions ${\\bf{u}}\\equiv \\{u_1,u_2,\\dots u_N\\}$ such that $0<u_1 < u_2 <\n\\cdots < u_N$. Their motion gets stopped at time $t_s$ when either two of them\ncollide or when the particle closest to the origin hits the origin for the\nfirst time. For $N=2$, we study the probability distribution function\n$p_1(m|{\\bf{u}})$ and $p_2(m|{\\bf{u}})$ of the maximal distance travelled by\nthe $1^{\\text{st}}$ and $2^{\\text{nd}}$ walker till $t_s$. For general $N$\nparticles with identical diffusion constants $D$, we show that the probability\ndistribution $p_N(m|{\\bf u})$ of the global maximum $m_N$, has a power law tail\n$p_i(m|{\\bf{u}}) \\sim {N^2B_N\\mathcal{F}_{N}({\\bf u})}/{m^{\\nu_N}}$ with\nexponent $\\nu_N =N^2+1$. We obtain explicit expressions of the function\n$\\mathcal{F}_{N}({\\bf u})$ and of the $N$ dependent amplitude $B_N$ which we\nalso analyze for large $N$ using techniques from random matrix theory. We\nverify our analytical results through direct numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Long range correlations generated by phase separation. Exact results\n  from field theory: We consider near-critical planar systems with boundary conditions inducing\nphase separation. While order parameter correlations decay exponentially in\npure phases, we show by direct field theoretical derivation how phase\nseparation generates long range correlations in the direction parallel to the\ninterface, and determine their exact analytic form. The latter leads to\nspecific contributions to the structure factor of the interface."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rugged Fitness Landscapes of Kauffman Model with a Scale-Free Network: We study the nature of fitness landscapes of 'quenched' Kauffman's Boolean\nmodel with a scale-free network. We have numerically calculated the rugged\nfitness landscapes, the distributions, its tails, and the correlation between\nthe fitness of local optima and their Hamming distance from the highest optimum\nfound, respectively. We have found that (a) there is an interesting difference\nbetween the random and the scale-free networks such that the statistics of the\nrugged fitness landscapes is Gaussian for the random network while it is\nnon-Gaussian with a tail for the scale-free network; (b) as the average degree\n$<k>$ increases, there is a phase transition at the critical value of $<k > = <\nk >_{c} = 2$, below which there is a global order and above which the order\ngoes away.",
        "positive": "Variable-lattice model of multi-component systems. 1. General\n  consideration: The paper contains a development of the previously proposed generalized\nlattice model (GLM). In contrast to usual lattice models, the difference of the\nspecific atomic volumes of the components is taken in account in GLM. In\naddition to GLM, the dependence of the specific atomic volumes on local atomic\nenvironments taken into account in new variable-lattice model (VLM).\nThermodynamic functions of multi-component homogeneous phases in the VLM are\nobtained. Equations of equilibrium between gaseous and condensed phases are\nderived.\n  PACS: 05.20.-y, 05.70.-a, 82.65.+r Key Words: Lattice models, Free energy,\nPhase equilibrium, Long-range and short-range inter-atomic potentials"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Growth enhanced surface diffusion and elastic instability on amorphous\n  solids: A continuum model for growth of solids is developed, considering adatom\ndeposition, surface diffusion, and configuration dependent incorporation rate.\nFor amorphous solids it is related to surface energy densities. The high adatom\ndensity leads to growth enhanced dynamics of (a) Mullins' classical equation\n[J. Appl. Phys. {\\bf 28}, 333 (1957)] without, and (b) of the\nAsaro-Tiller-Grinfeld-Srolovitz instability with lateral stress in the growing\nfilm. The latter mechanism is attributed to morphologies found in recent\nexperiments.",
        "positive": "Reply to \"Comment on `Roughening Transition of Interfaces in Disordered\n  Systems'\": We reply to the recent comment cond-mat/9810097 on our original Letter\n`Roughening Transition of Interfaces in Disordered Systems', Phys. Rev. Lett.\n81, 1469 (1998)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ballistic transport in the one-dimensional Hubbard model: the\n  hydrodynamic approach: We outline a general formalism of hydrodynamics for quantum systems with\nmultiple particle species which undergo completely elastic scattering. In the\nthermodynamic limit, the complete kinematic data of the problem consists of the\nparticle content, the dispersion relations, and a universal dressing\ntransformation which accounts for interparticle interactions. We consider\nquantum integrable models and we focus on the one-dimensional fermionic Hubbard\nmodel. By linearizing hydrodynamic equations, we provide exact closed-form\nexpressions for Drude weights, generalized static charge susceptibilities and\ncharge-current correlators valid on hydrodynamic scale, represented as integral\nkernels operating diagonally in the space of mode numbers of thermodynamic\nexcitations. We find that, on hydrodynamic scales, Drude weights manifestly\ndisplay Onsager reciprocal relations even for generic (i.e. non-canonical)\nequilibrium states, and establish a generalized detailed balance condition for\na general quantum integrable model. We present the first exact analytic\nexpressions for the general Drude weights in the Hubbard model, and explain how\nto reconcile different approaches for computing Drude weights from the previous\nliterature.",
        "positive": "Singular behavior of fluctuations in a relaxation process: Carrying out explicitly the computation in a paradigmatic model of\nnon-interacting systems, the Gaussian Model, we show the existence of a\nsingular point in the probability distribution $P(M)$ of an extensive variable\n$M$. Interpreting $P(M)$ as a thermodynamic potential of a dual system obtained\nfrom the original one by applying a constraint, we discuss how the\nnon-analytical point of $P(M)$ is the counterpart of a phase-transition in the\ncompanion system. We show the generality of such mechanism by considering both\nthe system in equilibrium or in the non-equilibrium state following a\ntemperature quench."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Singular features in noise-induced transport with dry friction: We present an exactly solvable nonlinear model for the directed motion of an\nobject due to zero-mean fluctuations on a uniform featureless surface. Directed\nmotion results from the effect of dry (Coulombic) friction coupled to\nasymmetric surface vibrations with Poissonian shot noise statistics. We find\nthat the transport of the object exhibits striking non-monotonic and singular\nfeatures: transport actually improves for increasing dry friction up to a\ncritical dry friction strength $\\Delta^*$ and undergoes a transition to a\nunidirectional mode of motion at $\\Delta^*$. This transition is indicated by a\ncusp singularity in the mean velocity of the object. Moreover, the stationary\nvelocity distribution also contains singular features, such as a discontinuity\nand a delta peak at zero velocity. Our results highlight that dissipation can\nin fact enhance transport, which might be exploited in artificial small scale\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Entanglement structure of current-driven diffusive fermion systems: When an extended system is coupled at its opposite boundaries to two\nreservoirs at different temperatures or chemical potentials, it cannot achieve\na global thermal equilibrium and is instead driven to a set of current-carrying\nnonequilibrium states. Despite the broad relevance of such a scenario to\nmetallic systems, there have been limited investigations of the entanglement\nstructure of the resulting long-time states, in part, due to the fundamental\ndifficulty in solving realistic models for disordered, interacting electrons.\nWe investigate this problem by carefully analyzing two \"toy\" models for\ncoherent quantum transport of diffusive fermions: the celebrated\nthree-dimensional, noninteracting Anderson model and a class of random quantum\ncircuits acting on a chain of qubits, which exactly maps to a diffusive,\ninteracting fermion problem. Crucially, the random circuit model can also be\ntuned to have no interactions between the fermions, similar to the Anderson\nmodel. We show that the long-time states of driven noninteracting fermions\nexhibit volume-law mutual information and entanglement, both for our random\ncircuit model and for the nonequilibrium steady-state of the Anderson model.\nWith interactions, the random circuit model is quantum chaotic and approaches\nlocal equilibrium, with only short-range entanglement. These results provide a\ngeneric picture for the emergence of local equilibrium in current-driven\nquantum-chaotic systems, and also provide examples of stable, highly-entangled\nmany-body states out of equilibrium. We discuss experimental techniques to\nprobe these effects in low-temperature mesoscopic wires or ultracold atomic\ngases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal Rectification and Negative Differential Thermal Resistance in a\n  driven two segment classical Heisenberg chain: We investigate thermal transport in a two segment classical Heisenberg spin\nchain with nearest neighbor interaction and in presence of external magnetic\nfield using computer simulation. The system is thermally driven by heat baths\nattached at the two ends and transport properties are studied using an energy\nconserving dynamics. We demonstrate that by properly tuning the parameters\nthermal rectification can be achieved - the system behaves as a good conductor\nof heat along one direction but becomes a bad conductor when the thermal\ngradient is reversed and crucially depends on nonlinearity and spatial\nasymmetry. Moreover, suitable tuning of the system parameters gives rise to the\ncounterintuitive and technologically important feature known as the negative\ndifferential thermal resistance (NDTR). We find that the crucial factor\nresponsible for the emergence of NDTR is a suitable mechanism to impede the\ncurrent in the bulk of the system.",
        "positive": "$N$-Scaling of Timescales in Long-Range $N$-Body Quantum Systems: Long-range interacting many-body systems exhibit a number of peculiar and\nintriguing properties. One of those is the scaling of relaxation times with the\nnumber $N$ of particles in a system. In this paper I give a survey of results\non long-range quantum spin models that illustrate this scaling behaviour, and\nprovide indications for its common occurrence by making use of Lieb-Robinson\nbounds. I argue that these findings may help in understanding the\nextraordinarily short equilibration timescales predicted by typicality\ntechniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random geometry at an infinite-randomness fixed point: We study the low-energy physics of the critical (2+1)-dimensional random\ntransverse-field Ising model. The one-dimensional version of the model is a\nparadigmatic example of a system governed by an infinite-randomness fixed\npoint, for which many results on the distributions of observables are known via\nan asymptotically exact renormalization group (RG) approach. In two dimensions,\nthe same RG rules have been implemented numerically, and demonstrate a flow to\ninfinite randomness. However, analytical understanding of the structure of this\nRG has remained elusive due to the development of geometrical structure in the\ngraph of interacting spins. To understand the character of the fixed point, we\nconsider the RG flow acting on a joint ensemble of graphs and couplings. We\npropose that the RG effectively occurs in two stages: (1) randomization of the\ninteraction graph until it belongs to a certain ensemble of random\ntriangulations of the plane, and (2) a flow of the distributions of couplings\nto infinite randomness while the graph ensemble remains invariant. This picture\nis substantiated by a numerical RG in which one obtains a steady-state graph\ndegree distribution and subsequently infinite-randomness scaling distributions\nof the couplings. Both of these aspects of the RG flow can be approximately\nreproduced in simplified analytical models.",
        "positive": "Homogeneous dynamics in a vibrated granular monolayer: A simple model of a vibrated granular monolayer is studied. It consists of\ninelastic hard spheres confined between two parallel hard plates separated a\ndistance smaller than twice the diameter of the particles. Both walls are\nelastic and one of them is vibrating in a sawtooth way. For low densities, a\nkinetic equation is proposed from which closed evolution equations for the\nhorizontal and vertical temperatures are derived assuming spatial homogeneity\nand that the system is very thin. An excellent agreement between the\ntheoretical predictions and Molecular Dynamics simulation results is obtained\nboth, for the stationary values and for the dynamics of the temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Island Distance in One-Dimensional Epitaxial Growth: The typical island distance $\\ell$ in submonlayer epitaxial growth depends on\nthe growth conditions via an exponent $\\gamma$. This exponent is known to\ndepend on the substrate dimensionality, the dimension of the islands, and the\nsize $i^*$ of the critical nucleus for island formation. In this paper we study\nthe dependence of $\\gamma$ on $i^*$ in one--dimensional epitaxial growth. We\nderive that $\\gamma = i^*/(2i^* + 3)$ for $i^*\\geq 2$ and confirm this result\nby computer simulations.",
        "positive": "Optimal management of impaired self-avoiding random walks for minimizing\n  spatial coverage: Self-avoidance is a common mechanism to improve the efficiency of a random\nwalker for covering a spatial domain. However, how this efficiency decreases\nwhen self-avoidance is impaired or limited by other processes has remained\nlargely unexplored. Here we use simulations to study the case when the\nself-avoiding signal left by a walker both (i) saturates after successive\nrevisits to a site, and (ii) evaporates, or dissappears, after some\ncharacteristic time. We surprisingly reveal that the mean cover time becomes\nminimum for intermediate values of the evaporation time, leading to the\nexistence of a nontrivial optimum management of the self-avoiding signal. We\nargue that this is a consequence of complex blocking effects caused by the\ninterplay with the signal saturation and, remarkably, we show that the optimum\nbecomes more and more significant as the domain size increases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple model of DNA denaturation and mutually avoiding walks\n  statistics: Recently Garel, Monthus and Orland (Europhys. Lett. v 55, 132 (2001))\nconsidered a model of DNA denaturation in which excluded volume effects within\neach strand are neglected, while mutual avoidance is included. Using an\napproximate scheme they found a first order denaturation. We show that a first\norder transition for this model follows from exact results for the statistics\nof two mutually avoiding random walks, whose reunion exponent is c > 2, both in\ntwo and three dimensions. Analytical estimates of c due to the interactions\nwith other denaturated loops, as well as numerical calculations, indicate that\nthe transition is even sharper than in models where excluded volume effects are\nfully incorporated. The probability distribution of distances between\nhomologous base pairs decays as a power law at the transition.",
        "positive": "Records for the number of distinct sites visited by a random walk on the\n  fully-connected lattice: We consider a random walk on the fully-connected lattice with $N$ sites and\nstudy the time evolution of the number of distinct sites $s$ visited by the\nwalker on a subset with $n$ sites. A record value $v$ is obtained for $s$ at a\nrecord time $t$ when the walker visits a site of the subset for the first time.\nThe record time $t$ is a partial covering time when $v<n$ and a total covering\ntime when $v=n$. The probability distributions for the number of records $s$,\nthe record value $v$ and the record (covering) time $t$, involving $r$-Stirling\nnumbers, are obtained using generating function techniques. The mean values,\nvariances and skewnesses are deduced from the generating functions. In the\nscaling limit the probability distributions for $s$ and $v$ lead to the same\nGaussian density. The fluctuations of the record time $t$ are also Gaussian at\npartial covering, when $n-v={\\mathrm O}(n)$. They are distributed according to\nthe type-I Gumbel extreme-value distribution at total covering, when $v=n$. A\ndiscrete sequence of generalized Gumbel distributions, indexed by $n-v$, is\nobtained at almost total covering, when $n-v={\\mathrm O}(1)$. These generalized\nGumbel distributions are crossing over to the Gaussian distribution when $n-v$\nincreases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-dimensional active motion: The diffusion in two dimensions of non-interacting active particles that\nfollow an arbitrary motility pattern is considered for analysis. Accordingly,\nthe transport equation is generalized to take into account an arbitrary\ndistribution of scattered angles of the swimming direction, which encompasses\nthe pattern of motion of particles that move at constant speed. An exact\nanalytical expression for the marginal probability density of finding a\nparticle on a given position at a given instant, independently of its direction\nof motion, is provided; and a connection with a generalized diffusion equation\nis unveiled. Exact analytical expressions for the time dependence of the\nmean-square displacement and of the kurtosis of the distribution of the\nparticle positions are presented. For this, it is shown that only the first\ntrigonometric moments of the distribution of the scattered direction of motion\nare needed. The effects of persistence and of circular motion are discussed for\ndifferent families of distributions of the scattered direction of motion.",
        "positive": "Ferromagnetic transition in a double-exchange system containing\n  impurities in the Dynamical Mean Field Approximation: We formulate the Dynamical Mean Field Approximation equations for the\ndouble-exchange system with quenched disorder for arbitrary relation between\nHund exchange coupling and electron band width. Close to the\nferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition point the DMFA equations can be reduced\nto the ordinary mean field equation of Curie-Weiss type. We solve the equation\nto find the transition temperature and present the magnetic phase diagram of\nthe system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fokker-Planck equations for time-delayed systems via Markovian Embedding: For stochastic systems with discrete time delay, the Fokker-Planck equation\n(FPE) of the one-time probability density function (PDF) does not provide a\ncomplete, self-contained probabilistic description. It explicitly involves the\ntwo-time PDF, and represents, in fact, only the first member of an infinite\nhierarchy. We here introduce a new approach to obtain a Fokker-Planck\ndescription by using a Markovian embedding technique and a subsequent limiting\nprocedure. On this way, we find a closed, complete FPE in an\ninfinite-dimensional space, from which one can derive a hierarchy of FPEs.\nWhile the first member is the well-known FPE for the one-time PDF, we obtain,\nas second member, a new representation of the equation for the two-time PDF.\nFrom a conceptual point of view, our approach is simpler than earlier\nderivations and it yields interesting insight into both, the physical meaning,\nand the mathematical structure of delayed processes. We further propose an\napproximation for the two-time PDF, which is a central quantity in the\ndescription of these non-Markovian systems as it directly gives the correlation\nbetween the present and the delayed state. Application to a prototypical\nbistable system reveals that this approximation captures the non-trivial\neffects induced by the delay remarkably well, despite its surprisingly simple\nform. Moreover, it outperforms earlier approaches for the one-time PDF in the\nregime of large delays.",
        "positive": "Transverse dynamics of spin-1/2 XX chain with correlated Lorentzian\n  disorder: Using numerical approach developed recently we obtained the transverse\ndynamic structure factor for the spin-1/2 transverse XX chain with correlated\nLorentzian disorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Convergence of Monte Carlo Simulations to Equilibrium: We give two direct, elementary proofs that a Monte Carlo simulation converges\nto equilibrium provided that appropriate conditions are satisfied. The first\nproof requires detailed balance while the second is quite general.",
        "positive": "Transport coefficients for driven granular mixtures at low-density: The transport coefficients of a granular binary mixture driven by a\nstochastic bath with friction are determined from the inelastic Boltzmann\nkinetic equation. A normal solution is obtained via the Chapman-Enskog method\nfor states near homogeneous steady states. The mass, momentum, and heat fluxes\nare determined to first order in the spatial gradients of the hydrodynamic\nfields, and the associated transport coefficients are identified. They are\ngiven in terms of the solutions of a set of coupled linear integral equations.\nAs in the monocomponent case, since the collisional cooling cannot be\ncompensated locally for by the heat produced by the external driving, the\nreference distributions (zeroth-order approximations) $f_i^{(0)}$ ($i=1,2$) for\neach species depend on time through their dependence on the pressure and the\ntemperature. Explicit forms for the diffusion transport coefficients and the\nshear viscosity coefficient are obtained by assuming the steady state\nconditions and by considering the leading terms in a Sonine polynomial\nexpansion. A comparison with previous results obtained for granular Brownian\nmotion and by using a (local) stochastic thermostat is also carried out. The\npresent work extends previous theoretical results derived for monocomponent\ndense gases [V. Garz\\'o, M. G. Chamorro, and F. Vega Reyes, Phys. Rev. E\n\\textbf{87}, 032201 (2013)] to granular mixtures at low density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "No or diffuse phase transition with temperature in one-dimensional Ising\n  model?: For nearly a century since Ising model was proposed in 1925, it is agreed\nthat there is no phase transition with temperature in the one-dimensional based\non no global spontaneous magnetization in whole temperature region. In this\npaper, the exact calculation of local spontaneous magnetization shows that a\ndiffuse phase transition with temperature occurs in one-dimensional Ising\nmodel. In addition, although diffuse phase transition phenomenon is common in\nthe systems of heterogeneous-components and grains etc., there is no accurate\nprediction of corresponding theoretical models so far, so the present works lay\nthe theoretical foundation of this kind of phase transition.",
        "positive": "Application of the projection operator formalism to non-Hamiltonian\n  dynamics: Reconstruction of equations of motion from incomplete or noisy data and\ndimension reduction are two fundamental problems in the study of dynamical\nsystems with many degrees of freedom. For the latter extensive efforts have\nbeen made but with limited success to generalize the Zwanzig-Mori projection\nformalism, originally developed for Hamiltonian systems close to thermodynamic\nequilibrium, to general non-Hamiltonian systems lacking detailed-balance. One\ndifficulty introduced by such systems is the lack of an invariant measure,\nneeded to define a statistical distribution. Based on a recent discovery that a\nnon-Hamiltonian system defined by a set of stochastic differential equations\ncan be mapped to a Hamiltonian system, we develop such general projection\nformalism. In the resulting generalized Langevin equations, a set of\ngeneralized fluctuation-dissipation relations connect the memory kernel and the\nrandom noise terms, analogous to Hamiltonian systems obeying detailed balance.\nLacking of these relations restricts previous application of the generalized\nLangevin formalism. Result of this work may serve as the theoretical basis for\nfurther technical developments on model reconstruction with reduced degrees of\nfreedom. We first use an analytically solvable example to illustrate the\nformalism and the fluctuation-dissipation relation. Our numerical test on a\nchemical network with end-product inhibition further demonstrates the validity\nof the formalism. We suggest that the formalism can find wide applications in\nscientific modeling. Specifically, we discuss potential applications to\nbiological networks. In particular, the method provides a suitable framework\nfor gaining insights into network properties such as robustness and parameter\ntransferability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Impact of dephasing probes on incommensurate lattices: We investigate open quantum dynamics for a one-dimensional incommensurate\nAubry-Andr\\'{e}-Harper lattice chain, a part of which is initially filled with\nelectrons and is further connected to dephasing probes at the filled lattice\nsites. This setup is akin to a step-initial configuration where the non-zero\npart of the step is subjected to dephasing. We investigate the quantum dynamics\nof local electron density, the scaling of the density front as a function of\ntime both inside and outside of the initial step, and the growth of the total\nnumber of electrons outside the step. We analyze these quantities in all three\nregimes, namely, the de-localized, critical, and localized phases of the\nunderlying lattice. Outside the initial step, we observe that the density front\nspreads according to the underlying nature of single-particle states of the\nlattice, for both the de-localized and critical phases. For the localized\nphase, the spread of the density front hints at a logarithmic behaviour in time\nthat has no parallel in the isolated case (\\emph{i.e.}, in the absence of\nprobes). Inside the initial step, due to the presence of the probes, the\ndensity front spreads in a diffusive manner for all the phases. This\ncombination of rich and different dynamical behaviour, outside and inside the\ninitial step, results in the emergence of mixed dynamical phases. While the\ntotal occupation of electrons remains conserved, the value outside or inside\nthe initial step turns out to have a rich dynamical behaviour. Our work is\nwidely adaptable and has interesting consequences when\ndisordered/quasi-disordered systems are subjected to a thermodynamically large\nnumber of probes.",
        "positive": "Amplitude Function of Asymptotic Correlations Along Charged Wall in\n  Coulomb Fluids: In classical semi-infinite Coulomb fluids, two-point correlation functions\nexhibit a slow inverse-power law decay along a uniformly charged wall. In this\nwork, we concentrate on the corresponding amplitude function which depends on\nthe distances of the two points from the wall. Recently [L. \\v{S}amaj, J. Stat.\nPhys. {\\bf 161}, 227 (2015)], applying a technique of anticommuting variables\nto a 2D system of charged rectilinear wall with \"counter-ions only\", we derived\na relation between the amplitude function and the density profile which holds\nfor any temperature. In this paper, using the M\\\"obius conformal transformation\nof particle coordinates in a disc, a new relation between the amplitude\nfunction and the density profile is found for that model. This enables us to\nprove, at any temperature, the factorization property of the amplitude function\nin point distances from the wall and to express it in terms of the density\nprofile. Presupposing the factorization property of the amplitude function and\nusing specific sum rules for semi-infinite geometries, a relation between the\namplitude function of the charge-charge structure function and the charge\nprofile is derived for many-component Coulomb fluids in any dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Single-particle density matrix and superfluidity in the two-dimensional\n  Bose Coulomb fluid: A study by W. R. Magro and D. M. Ceperley [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 73}, 826\n(1994)] has shown that the ground state of the two-dimensional fluid of charged\nbosons with logarithmic interactions is not Bose-condensed, but exhibits\nalgebraic off-diagonal order in the single-particle density matrix $\\rho(r)$.\nWe use a hydrodynamic Hamiltonian expressed in terms of density and phase\noperators, in combination with an $f$-sum rule on the superfluid fraction, to\nreproduce these results and to extend the evaluation of the density matrix to\nfinite temperature $T$. This approach allows us to treat the liquid as a\nsuperfluid in the absence of a condensate. We find that (i) the off-diagonal\norder arises from the correlations between phase fluctuations; and (ii) the\nexponent in the power-law decay of $\\rho(r)$ is determined by the superfluid\ndensity $n_s(T)$. We also find that the plasmon gap in the single-particle\nenergy spectrum at long wavelengths decreases with increasing $T$ and closes at\nthe critical temperature for the onset of superfluidity.",
        "positive": "Poles of hydrodynamic spectral functions and Einstein-Helfand formulas\n  for transport coefficients: The local-equilibrium approach to transport processes is related to the\napproach based on time-dependent correlation functions and their associated\nspectral functions characterizing the equilibrium fluctuations of particle,\nmomentum and other densities. On the one hand, the transport coefficients are\ncalculated with the Einstein-Helfand formulas derived in the local-equilibrium\napproach. On the other hand, the poles of the spectral functions at complex\nfrequencies give the damping rates of the hydrodynamic modes. Since these rates\nalso depend on the transport coefficients, their values can be compared to the\npredictions of the local-equilibrium approach. This comparison is\nsystematically carried out for the hard-sphere fluid by computing numerically\nthe transport coefficients, the spectral functions, and their poles as a\nfunction of the wave number in the hydrodynamic limit. The study shows the\nconsistency between the two approaches for the determination of the transport\nproperties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum many-body spin rings coupled to ancillary spins: The sunburst\n  quantum Ising model: We study the ground-state properties of a quantum \"sunburst model\", composed\nof a quantum Ising spin-ring in a transverse field, symmetrically coupled to a\nset of ancillary isolated qubits, to maintain a residual translation invariance\nand also a $\\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry. The large-size limit is taken in two\ndifferent ways: either by keeping the distance between any two neighboring\nancillary qubits fixed, or by fixing their number while increasing the ring\nsize. Substantially different regimes emerge, depending on the various\nHamiltonian parameters: for small energy scale $\\delta$ of the ancillary\nsubsystem and small ring-qubits interaction $\\kappa$, we observe rapid and\nnonanalytic changes in proximity of the quantum transitions of the Ising ring,\nboth first-order and continuous, which can be carefully controlled by\nexploiting renormalization-group and finite-size scaling frameworks. Smoother\nbehaviors are instead observed when keeping $\\delta>0$ fixed and in the Ising\ndisordered phase. The effect of an increasing number $n$ of ancillary spins\nturns out to scale proportionally to $\\sqrt{n}$ for sufficiently large values\nof $n$.",
        "positive": "Effect of hidden geometry and higher-order interactions on the\n  synchronization and hysteresis behaviour of phase oscillators on 5-cliques\n  simplicial assemblies: The hidden geometry of simplicial complexes can influence the collective\ndynamics of nodes in different ways depending on the simplex-based interactions\nof various orders and competition between local and global structural features.\nWe study a system of phase oscillators attached to nodes of 4-dimensional\nsimplicial complexes and interacting via positive/negative edges-based pairwise\n$K_1$ and triangle-based triple $K_2\\geq 0$ couplings. Three prototypal\nsimplicial complexes are grown by aggregation of 5-cliques, controlled by the\nchemical affinity parameter $\\nu$, resulting in sparse, mixed, and compact\narchitecture, all of which have 1-hyperbolic graphs but different spectral\ndimensions. By changing the interaction strength $K_1\\in[-4,2]$ along the\nforward and backward sweeps, we numerically determine individual phases of each\noscillator and a global order parameter to measure the level of\nsynchronisation. Our results reveal how different architectures of simplicial\ncomplexes, in conjunction with the interactions and internal-frequency\ndistributions, impact the shape of the hysteresis loop and lead to patterns of\nlocally synchronised groups that hinder global network synchronisation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Mechanics of Floquet Quantum Matter: Exact and Emergent\n  Conservation Laws: Equilibrium statistical mechanics rests on the assumption of ergodic dynamics\nof a system modulo the conservation laws of local observables: extremization of\nentropy immediately gives Gibbs' ensemble (GE) for energy conserving systems\nand a generalized version of it (GGE) when the number of local conserved\nquantities (LCQ) is more than one. Through the last decade, statistical\nmechanics has been extended to describe the late-time behaviour of periodically\ndriven (Floquet) quantum matter starting from a generic state. The structure\nbuilt on the fundamental assumptions of ergodicity and identification of the\nrelevant \"conservation laws\" in this inherently non-equilibrium setting. More\nrecently, it has been shown that the statistical mechanics has a much richer\nstructure due to the existence of {\\it emergent} conservation laws: these are\napproximate but stable conservation laws arising {\\it due to the drive}, and\nare not present in the undriven system. Extensive numerical and analytical\nresults support perpetual stability of these emergent (though approximate)\nconservation laws, probably even in the thermodynamic limit. This banks on the\nrecent finding of a sharp ergodicity threshold for Floquet thermalization in\nclean, interacting non-integrable Floquet systems. This opens up a new\npossibility of stable Floquet engineering in such systems. This review intends\nto give a theoretical overview of these developments. We conclude by briefly\nsurveying the experimental scenario.",
        "positive": "A fast algorithm of coexisting phases compositions calculation in binary\n  systems: A simple fast algorithm of the conodes calculation in binary systems is\nproposed. The method is based on exact solution of the problem on common\ntangent to pair of approximating parabolas. Sequence of approximating parabolas\npairs having second order tangency points on separated concave parts of free\nenergy isotherm is generated. The sequences of the tangency points pairs\nconodes with approximating parabolas converge to equilibrium compositions of\nphases in binary systems.\n  PACS: 64.75.-g; 64.10.+h; 05.70.Ce; 82.60.-s\n  Key words: Phase equilibria; Free energy; Binary systems; Conode; Phase\ndiagrams."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical mean-field approximation for unitary Fermi gas: Dynamical mean-field approximation with explicit pairing is utilized to study\nthe properties of a two-component Fermi gas at unitarity. The problem is\napproximated by the lattice Hubbard Hamiltonian, and the continuum limit is\nrealized by diluting the lattice. We have found that at zero temperature the\npredictions of this theory for the energy and the pairing gap agree remarkably\nwell with the results of full numerical Monte-Carlo simulations. Investigating\nthe evolution of the system with temperature we identify the existence of a\nsecond order phase transition associated with a jump in the heat capacity and\nthe collapse of the pairing gap.",
        "positive": "Comparing the influence of distinct kinds of temporal disorder in a low\n  dimensional absorbing transition model: Recently one has stated that temporal disorder constitutes a relevant\nperturbation in absorbing phase transitions for all dimensions. However, its\neffect for systems other than the standard contact process (CP), its\ncompetition with other ingredients (e.g. particle diffusion) and other kinds of\ndisorder (besides the standard types) are unknown. In order to shed some light\nin the above mentioned points, we investigate a variant of the usual CP, namely\ntriplet annihilation model (TAM), in which the competition between triplet\nannihilation and single particle diffusion leads to an unusual phase diagram\nbehavior, with reentrant shape and endless activity for sufficient large\ndiffusion rates. Two kinds of time-dependent disorder have been considered. In\nthe former, it is introduced in the creation-annihilation parameters (as\ncommonly considered in recent studies), whereas in the latter the diffusion\nrate $D$ (so far unexplored) is allowed to be time dependent. In all cases, the\ndisorder follows an uniform distribution with fixed mean and width $\\sigma$.\nTwo values of $\\sigma$ have been considered, in order to exemplify the regime\nof \"weaker\" and \"stronger\" temporal disorder strengths. Our results show that\nin the former approach, the disorder suppresses the reentrant phase diagram\nwith a critical behavior deviating from the directed percolation universality\nclass (DP) in the regime of low diffusion rates, while they strongly suggest\nthat the DP class is recovered for larger hoping rates. An opposite scenario is\nfound in the latter disorder approach, with a substantial increase of reentrant\nshape and the maximum diffusion, in which the reentrant shape also displays a\ncritical behavior consistent to the DP universality class (in similarity with\nthe pure model). Lastly, comparison with the diffusive disordered CP has been\nundertaken."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temporal extensivity of Tsallis' entropy and the bound on entropy\n  production rate: The Tsallis entropy, which is a generalization of the Boltzmann-Gibbs\nentropy, plays a central role in nonextensive statistical mechanics of complex\nsystems. A lot of efforts have recently been made on establishing a dynamical\nfoundation for the Tsallis entropy. They are primarily concerned with nonlinear\ndynamical systems at the edge of chaos. Here, it is shown by generalizing a\nformulation of thermostatistics based on time averages recently proposed by\nCarati [A. Carati, Physica A 348, 110 (2005)] that, whenever relevant, the\nTsallis entropy indexed by $q$ is temporally extensive: linear growth in time,\ni.e., finite entropy production rate. Then, the universal bound on the entropy\nproduction rate is shown to be $1/|1-q|$ . The property of the associated\nprobabilistic process, i.e., the sojourn time distribution, determining\nrandomness of motion in phase space is also analyzed.",
        "positive": "The THETA - temperature of Interacting Self Avoiding Walk on Face\n  Centered Cubic Lattice: Interacting Self Avoiding Walk (ISAW) on a lattice is a simple model to study\nthe Coil to Globule transition of linear homopolymers. The temperature at which\nthe transition takes place is called the theta temperature. The value of theta\ntemperature depends on the chosen lattices. The value of theta temperature for\nISAW on FCC lattice is reported as $6.46$ in a simulation study [J. Chem. Phys.\n{\\bf 135}, 204903 (2011)]. Latter it has been reported as $7.614$ [J. Chem.\nPhys. {\\bf 138}, 024902 (2013)]. Simulations in these two studies involved long\nchains with over 2000 monomers. In this paper, we present a method that gives a\nreliable estimate of the theta temperature of ISAW on FCC lattice using chains\nof shorter walk lengths (less than 100 monomers). We compute density states of\nISAW on FCC lattice by employing growth walk algorithm and then we use the\nrecently introduced pseudo order parameter method to estimate the theta\ntemperature. The value obtained from our method agrees very well with latter\nreported result of $7.614$. In order to corroborate our result we also estimate\nthe theta temperature using the celebrated partition function zeroes method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Virial Correction to the Ideal Gas Law: A Primer: The virial expansion of a gas is a correction to the ideal gas law that is\nusually discussed in advanced courses in statistical mechanics. In this note we\noutline this derivation in a manner suitable for advanced undergraduate and\nintroductory graduate classroom presentations. We introduce a physically\nmeaningful interpretation of the virial expansion that has heretofore escaped\nattention, by showing that the virial series is actually an expansion in a\nparameter that is the ratio of the effective volume of a molecule to its mean\nvolume. Using this interpretation we show why under normal conditions ordinary\ngases such as O_2 and N_2 can be regarded as ideal gases.",
        "positive": "Basic Types of Coarse-Graining: We consider two basic types of coarse-graining: the Ehrenfests'\ncoarse-graining and its extension to a general principle of non-equilibrium\nthermodynamics, and the coarse-graining based on uncertainty of dynamical\nmodels and Epsilon-motions (orbits). Non-technical discussion of basic notions\nand main coarse-graining theorems are presented: the theorem about entropy\noverproduction for the Ehrenfests' coarse-graining and its generalizations,\nboth for conservative and for dissipative systems, and the theorems about\nstable properties and the Smale order for Epsilon-motions of general dynamical\nsystems including structurally unstable systems. Computational kinetic models\nof macroscopic dynamics are considered. We construct a theoretical basis for\nthese kinetic models using generalizations of the Ehrenfests' coarse-graining.\nGeneral theory of reversible regularization and filtering semigroups in\nkinetics is presented, both for linear and non-linear filters. We obtain\nexplicit expressions and entropic stability conditions for filtered equations.\nA brief discussion of coarse-graining by rounding and by small noise is also\npresented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal noise properties of two aging materials: In this lecture we review several aspects of the thermal noise properties in\ntwo aging materials: a polymer and a colloidal glass.\n  The measurements have been performed after a quench for the polymer and\nduring the transition from a fluid-like to a solid-like state for the gel. Two\nkind of noise has been measured: the electrical noise and the mechanical noise.\n  For both materials we have observed that the electric noise is characterized\nby a strong intermittency, which induces a large violation of the Fluctuation\nDissipation Theorem (FDT) during the aging time, and may persist for several\nhours at low frequency. The statistics of these intermittent signals and their\ndependance on the quench speed for the polymer or on sample concentration for\nthe gel are studied. The results are in a qualitative agreement with recent\nmodels of aging, that predict an intermittent dynamics. For the mechanical\nnoise the results are unclear. In the polymer the mechanical thermal noise is\nstill intermittent whereas for the gel the violation of FDT, if it exists, is\nextremely small.",
        "positive": "Evolution towards J\u00fcttner equilibrium: Manifestly covariant\n  correlation dynamics: Replaced by the new article arXiv:0901.1425 because the J\\\"uttner\ndistribution has been revised and the second author been removed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information flow and entropy production on Bayesian networks: In this article, we review a general theoretical framework of thermodynamics\nof information on the basis of Bayesian networks. This framework can describe a\nbroad class of nonequilibrium dynamics of multiple interacting systems with\ncomplex information exchanges. For such situations, we discuss a generalization\nof the second law of thermodynamics including information contents. The key\nconcept here is an informational quantity called the transfer entropy, which\ndescribes the directional information transfer in stochastic dynamics. The\ngeneralized second law gives the fundamental lower bound of the entropy\nproduction in nonequilibrium dynamics, and sheds modern light on the paradox of\n\"Maxwell's demon\" that performs measurements and feedback control at the level\nof thermal fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Phase Transitions in an Aging Network: We consider a growing network in which an incoming node gets attached to the\n$i^{th}$ existing node with the probability $\\Pi_i \\propto\n{k_i}^{\\beta}\\tau_i^{\\alpha}$, where $k_{i}$ is the degree of the $i^{th}$ node\nand $\\tau_i$ its present age. The phase diagram in the ${{\\alpha}-{\\beta}}$\nplane is obtained. The network shows scale-free behaviour, i.e., the degree\ndistribution $P(k) \\sim k^{-\\gamma}$ with $\\gamma =3$ only along a line in this\nplane. Small world property, on the other hand, exists over a large region in\nthe phase diagram."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Minority spin dynamics in non-homogeneous Ising model: diverging\n  timescales and exponents: We investigate the dynamical behaviour of the Ising model under a zero\ntemperature quench with the initial fraction of up spins $0\\leq x\\leq 1$. In\none dimension, the known results for persistence probability are verified; it\nshows algebraic decay for both up and down spins asymptotically with different\nexponents. It is found that the conventional finite size scaling is valid here.\nIn two dimensions however, the persistence probabilities are no longer\nalgebraic; in particular for $x\\leq 0.5$, persistence for the up (minority)\nspins shows the behaviour $P_{min}(t) \\sim t^{-\\gamma}\\exp(-(t/\\tau)^{\\delta})$\nwith time $t$, while for the down (majority) spins, $P_{maj}(t)$ approaches a\nfinite value. We find that the timescale $\\tau$ diverges as $(x_c-x)^{-\n\\lambda}$, where $x_c=0.5$ and $\\lambda\\simeq2.31$. The exponent $\\gamma$\nvaries as $\\theta_{2d}+c_0(x_c-x)^{\\beta}$ where $\\theta_{2d}\\simeq0.215$ is\nvery close to the persistence exponent in two dimensions; $\\beta\\simeq1$. The\nresults in two dimensions can be understood qualitatively by studying the exit\nprobability, which for different system size is found to have the form $E(x) =\nf\\big[(\\frac{x-x_c}{x_c})L^{1/\\nu}\\big]$, with $\\nu \\approx 1.47$. This result\nsuggests that $\\tau \\sim L^{\\tilde{z}}$, where $\\tilde{z} = \\frac{\\lambda}{\\nu}\n= 1.57 \\pm 0.11$ is an exponent not explored earlier.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation theory in space and time: white noise in reaction-diffusion\n  models of morphogenesis: The precision of reaction-diffusion models for mesoscopic physical systems is\nlimited by fluctuations. To account for this uncertainty, Van Kampen derived a\nstochastic Langevin-like reaction-diffusion equation that incorporates\nspatio-temporal white noise. The resulting solutions, however, have infinite\nstandard deviation. Ad hoc modifications that address this issue by introducing\nmicroscopic correlations are inconvenient in many physical contexts of wide\ninterest. We instead estimate the magnitude of fluctuations by coarse-graining\nsolutions of the Van Kampen equation at a relevant mesoscopic scale. The\nensuing theory yields fluctuations of finite magnitude. Our approach is\ndemonstrated for a specific biophysical model--the encoding of positional\ninformation. We discuss the properties of the fluctuations and the role played\nby the macroscopic parameters of the underlying reaction-diffusion model. The\nanalysis and numerical methods developed here can be applied in physical\nproblems to predict the magnitude of fluctuations. This general approach can\nalso be extended to other classes of dynamical systems that are described by\npartial differential equations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low temperature properties of core-softened models: water vs. silica\n  behavior: A core-softened model of a glass forming fluid is numerically studied in the\nlimit of very low temperatures. The model shows two qualitatively different\nbehaviors depending on the strength of the attraction between particles. For no\nor low attraction, the changes of density as a function of pressure are smooth,\nalthough hysteretic due to mechanical metastabilities. For larger attraction,\nsudden changes of density upon compressing and decompressing occur. This global\nmechanical instability is correlated to the existence of a thermodynamic\nfirst-order amorphous-amorphous transition. The two different behaviors\nobtained correspond qualitatively to the different phenomenology observed in\nsilica and water.",
        "positive": "Experimental approaches to universal out-of-equilibrium scaling laws:\n  turbulent liquid crystal and other developments: This is a brief survey of recent experimental studies on out-of-equilibrium\nscaling laws, focusing on two prominent situations where non-trivial\nuniversality classes have been identified theoretically: absorbing-state phase\ntransitions and growing interfaces. First the article summarizes main results\nobtained for electrically-driven turbulent liquid crystal, which exhibited the\nscaling laws for the directed percolation class at the transition between two\nturbulent regimes, and those for the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang class in the\nsupercritical phase where one turbulent regime invades the other. Other\nexperimental investigations on these universality classes and related\nsituations are then overviewed and discussed. Some remarks on analyses of these\nscaling laws are also given from the practical viewpoints."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium dynamic transition in a kinetic Ising model driven by\n  both deterministic modulation and correlated stochastic noises: We report the nonequilibrium dynamical phase transition (NDPT) appearing in a\nkinetic Ising spin system (ISS) subject to the joint application of a\ndeterministic external field and the stochastic mutually correlated noises\nsimultaneously. A time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau stochastic differential\nequation, including an oscillating modulation and the correlated multiplicative\nand additive white noises, was addressed and the numerical solution to the\nrelevant Fokker-Planck equation was presented on the basis of an average-period\napproach of driven field. The correlated white noises and the deterministic\nmodulation induce a kind of dynamic symmetry-breaking order, analogous to the\nstochastic resonance in trend, in the kinetic ISS, and the reentrant transition\nhas been observed between the dynamic disorder and order phases when the\nintensities of multiplicative and additive noises were changing. The\ndependencies of a dynamic order parameter Q upon the intensities of additive\nnoise A and multiplicative noise M, the correlation lmda between two noises,\nand the amplitude of applied external field h were investigated quantitatively\nand visualized vividly. A brief discussion was given to outline the underlying\nmechanism of the NDPT in a kinetic ISS driven by an external force and\ncorrelated noises.\n  Keywords: Ising spin system, nonequilibrium dynamical phase transition,\nstochastic resonance, correlated noises, TDGL model.\n  PACS: 75.10.Hk, 64.60.Ht, 05.10.Gg, 76.20.+q",
        "positive": "Phases of a conserved mass model of aggregation with fragmentation at\n  fixed sites: To study the effect of quenched disorder in a class of reaction-diffusion\nsystems, we introduce a conserved mass model of diffusion and aggregation in\nwhich the mass moves as a whole to a nearest neighbour on most sites while it\nfragments off as a single monomer (i.e. chips off) from certain fixed sites.\nOnce the mass leaves any site, it coalesces with the mass present on its\nneighbour. We study in detail the effect of a \\emph{single} chipping site on\nthe steady state in arbitrary dimensions, with and without bias. In the\nthermodynamic limit, the system can exist in one of the following phases -- (a)\nPinned Aggregate (PA) phase in which an infinite aggregate (with mass\nproportional to the volume of the system) appears with probability one at the\nchipping site but not in the bulk. (b) Unpinned Aggregate (UA) phase in which\n$\\emph{both}$ the chipping site and the bulk can support an infinite aggregate\nsimultaneously. (c) Non Aggregate (NA) phase in which there is no infinite\ncluster. Our analytical and numerical studies show that the system exists in\nthe UA phase in all cases except in 1d with bias. In the latter case, there is\na phase transition from the NA phase to the PA phase as density is increased. A\nvariant of the above aggregation model is also considered in which total\nparticle number is conserved and chipping occurs at a fixed site, but the\nparticles do not interact with each other at other sites. This model is solved\nexactly by mapping it to a Zero Range Process. With increasing density, it\nexhibits a phase transition from the NA phase to the PA phase in all\ndimensions, irrespective of bias. Finally, we discuss the likely behaviour of\nthe system in the presence of extensive disorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Exponent for the Lyapunov Exponent and Phase Transitions -- The\n  Generalized Hamiltonian Mean-Field Model: We compute semi-analytic and numerical estimates for the largest Lyapunov\nexponent in a many-particle system with long-range interactions, extending\nprevious results for the Hamiltonian Mean Field model with a cosine potential.\nOur results evidence a critical exponent associated to a power law decay of the\nlargest Lyapunov exponent close to second-order phase-transitions, close to the\nsame value as for the cosine Hamiltonian Mean Field model, suggesting the\npossible universality of this exponent. We also show that the exponent for\nfirst-order phase transitions has a different value from both theoretical and\nnumerical estimates.",
        "positive": "Some remarks on the inverse Smoluchowski problem for cluster-cluster\n  aggregation: It is proposed to revisit the inverse problem associated with Smoluchowski's\ncoagulation equation. The objective is to reconstruct the functional form of\nthe collision kernel from observations of the time evolution of the cluster\nsize distribution. A regularised least squares method originally proposed by\nWright and Ramkrishna (1992) based on the assumption of self-similarity is\nimplemented and tested on numerical data generated for a range of different\ncollision kernels. This method expands the collision kernel as a sum of\northogonal polynomials and works best when the kernel can be expressed exactly\nin terms of these polynomials. It is shown that plotting an \"L-curve\" can\nprovide an a-priori understanding of the optimal value of the regularisation\nparameter and the reliability of the inversion procedure. For kernels which are\nnot exactly expressible in terms of the orthogonal polynomials it is found\nempirically that the performance of the method can be enhanced by choosing a\nmore complex regularisation function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mutual Information as a Two-Point Correlation Function in Stochastic\n  Lattice Models: In statistical physics entropy is usually introduced as a global quantity\nwhich expresses the amount of information that would be needed to specify the\nmicroscopic configuration of a system. However, for lattice models with\ninfinitely many possible configurations per lattice site it is also meaningful\nto introduce entropy as a local observable that describes the information\ncontent of a single lattice site. Likewise, the mutual information can be\ninterpreted as a two-point correlation function. Studying a particular growth\nmodel we demonstrate that the mutual information exhibits scaling properties\nthat are consistent with the established phenomenological scaling picture.",
        "positive": "Velocity distribution function and effective constant restitution\n  coefficient for granular gas of viscoelastic particles: We perform large-scale event-driven Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for\ngranular gases of particles interacting with the impact-velocity dependent\nrestitution coefficient. We use the simplest first-principle collision model of\nviscoelastic spheres. Both cases of force-free and uniformly heated gases are\nstudied. We formulate a simplified model of an effective constant restitution\ncoefficient, which depends on a current granular temperature and compute the\neffective constant restitution coefficient, using the kinetic theory. We\ndevelop a theory of the velocity distribution function for driven gases of\nviscoelastic particles and analyze evolution of granular temperature and of the\nSonine coefficients, which characterize the form of the velocity distribution\nfunction. We observe that for not large dissipation the simulation results are\nin an excellent agreement with the theory for both, homogeneous cooling state\nand uniformly heated gases. At the same time a noticeable discrepancy between\nthe theory and MD results for the Sonine coefficients is detected for large\ndissipation. We analyze the accuracy of the simplified model, based on the\neffective restitution coefficient and conclude that this model can accurately\ndescribe granular temperature. It provides also an acceptable accuracy for the\nvelocity distribution function for small dissipation, but fails when\ndissipation is large."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shock-Like Dynamics of Inelastic Gases: We provide a simple physical picture which suggests that the asymptotic\ndynamics of inelastic gases in one dimension is independent of the degree of\ninelasticity. Statistical characteristics, including velocity fluctuations and\nthe velocity distribution are identical to those of a perfectly inelastic\nsticky gas, which in turn is described by the inviscid Burgers equation.\nAsymptotic predictions of this continuum theory, including the t^{-2/3}\ntemperature decay and the development of discontinuities in the velocity\nprofile, are verified numerically for inelastic gases.",
        "positive": "System size expansion using Feynman rules and diagrams: Few analytical methods exist for quantitative studies of large fluctuations\nin stochastic systems. In this article, we develop a simple diagrammatic\napproach to the Chemical Master Equation that allows us to calculate multi-time\ncorrelation functions which are accurate to a any desired order in van Kampen's\nsystem size expansion. Specifically, we present a set of Feynman rules from\nwhich this diagrammatic perturbation expansion can be constructed\nalgorithmically. We then apply the methodology to derive in closed form the\nleading order corrections to the linear noise approximation of the intrinsic\nnoise power spectrum for general biochemical reaction networks. Finally, we\nillustrate our results by describing noise-induced oscillations in the\nBrusselator reaction scheme which are not captured by the common linear noise\napproximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagram of force-induced DNA unzipping in exactly solvable models: The mechanical separation of the double helical DNA structure induced by\nforces pulling apart the two DNA strands (``unzipping'') has been the subject\nof recent experiments. Analytical results are obtained within various models of\ninteracting pairs of directed walks in the (1,1,...,1) direction on the\nhypercubic lattice, and the phase diagram in the force-temperature plane is\nstudied for a variety of cases. The scaling behaviour is determined at both the\nunzipping and the melting transition. We confirm the existence of a cold\ndenaturation transition recently observed in numerical simulations: for a\nfinite range of forces the system gets unzipped by {\\it decreasing} the\ntemperature. The existence of this transition is rigorously established for\ngeneric lattice and continuum space models.",
        "positive": "Sign-time distribution for a random walker with a drifting boundary: We present a derivation of the exact sign-time distribution for a random\nwalker in the presence of a boundary moving with constant velocity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport as a sensitive indicator of quantum criticality: We consider bosonic transport through one-dimensional spin systems. Transport\nis induced by coupling the spin systems to bosonic reservoirs kept at different\ntemperatures. In the limit of weak-coupling between spins and bosons we apply\nthe quantum-optical master equation to calculate the energy transmitted from\nsource to drain reservoirs. At large thermal bias, we find that the current for\nlongitudinal transport becomes independent of the chain length and is also not\ndrastically affected by the presence of disorder. In contrast, at small\ntemperatures, the current scales inversely with the chain length and is further\nsuppressed in presence of disorder. We also find that the critical behaviour of\nthe ground state is mapped to critical behaviour of the current -- even in\nconfigurations with infinite thermal bias.",
        "positive": "Distinction Between Transport and R\u00e9nyi Entropy Growth in Kinetically\n  Constrained Models: Conservation laws and the associated hydrodynamic modes have important\nconsequences on the growth of higher R\\'enyi entropies in isolated quantum\nsystems. It has been shown in various random unitary circuits and Hamiltonian\nsystems that the dynamics of the R\\'enyi entropies in the presence of a U(1)\nsymmetry obey $S^{(n\\geq 2)}(t) \\propto t^{1/z}$, where $z$ is identified as\nthe dynamical exponent characterizing transport of the conserved charges. Here,\nhowever, we demonstrate that this simple identification may not hold in certain\nquantum systems with kinetic constraints. In particular, we study two types of\nU(1)-symmetric quantum automaton circuits with XNOR and Fredkin constraints,\nrespectively. We find numerically that while spin transport in both models is\nsubdiffusive, the second R\\'enyi entropy grows diffusively in the XNOR model,\nand superdiffusively in the Fredkin model. For systems with XNOR constraint,\nthis distinction arises since the spin correlation function can be attributed\nto an emergent tracer dynamics of tagged particles, whereas the R\\'enyi\nentropies are constrained by collective transport of the particles. Our results\nsuggest that care must be taken when relating transport and entanglement\nentropy dynamics in generic quantum systems with conservation laws."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Explosive fragmentation of thin ceramic tube using pulsed power: This study experimentally examined the explosive fragmentation of thin\nceramic tubes using pulsed power. A thin ceramic tube was threaded on a thin\ncopper wire, and high voltage was applied to the wire using a pulsed power\ngenerator. This melted the wire and the resulting vapor put pressure on the\nceramic tube, causing it to fragment. We examined the statistical properties of\nthe fragment mass distribution. The cumulative fragment mass distribution\nobeyed the double exponential or power-law with exponential decay. Both\ndistributions agreed well with the experimental data. We also found that the\nweighted mean fragment mass was scaled by the multiplicity. This result was\nsimilar to impact fragmentation, except for the crossover point. Finally, we\nobtained universal scaling for fragmentation, which is applicable to both\nimpact and explosive fragmentation.",
        "positive": "Statistical distributions of quasi-optimal paths in the traveling\n  salesman problem: the role of the initial distribution of cities: Solutions to Traveling salesman problem have been obtained with several\nalgorithms. However, few of them has discussed about the statistical\ndistribution of lengths for the quasi-optimal path obtained. For a random set\nof cities such a distribution follows a rank 2 daisy model but our analysis on\nactual distribution of cities does not show the characteristic quadratic growth\nof the daisy model. The role played by the initial city distribution is\nexplored in this work. The importance of understanding such a behavior in the\ncontext of electoral processes is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Separation Transition in a Nonconserved Two Species Model: A one dimensional stochastic exclusion process with two species of particles,\n$+$ and $-$, is studied where density of each species can fluctuate but the\ntotal particle density is conserved. From the exact stationary state weights we\nshow that, in the limiting case where density of negative particles vanishes,\nthe system undergoes a phase separation transition where a macroscopic domain\nof vacancies form in front of a single surviving negative particle. We also\nshow that the phase separated state is associated with a diverging correlation\nlength for any density and the critical exponents characterizing the behaviour\nin this region are different from those at the transition line. The static and\nthe dynamical critical exponents are obtained from the exact solution and\nnumerical simulations, respectively.",
        "positive": "Critical exponent $\u03bd$ of the Ising model in three dimensions with\n  long-range correlated site disorder analyzed with Monte Carlo techniques: We study the critical behavior of the Ising model in three dimensions on a\nlattice with site disorder by using Monte Carlo simulations. The disorder is\neither uncorrelated or long-range correlated with correlation function that\ndecays according to a power-law $r^{-a}$. We derive the critical exponent of\nthe correlation length $\\nu$ and the confluent correction exponent $\\omega$ in\ndependence of $a$ by combining different concentrations of defects $0.05 \\leq\np_d \\leq 0.4$ into one global fit ansatz and applying finite-size scaling\ntechniques. We simulate and study a wide range of different correlation\nexponents $1.5 \\leq a \\leq 3.5$ as well as the uncorrelated case $a = \\infty$\nand are able to provide a global picture not yet known from previous works.\nAdditionally, we perform a dedicated analysis of our long-range correlated\ndisorder ensembles and provide estimates for the critical temperatures of the\nsystem in dependence of the correlation exponent $a$ and the concentrations of\ndefects $p_d$. We compare our results to known results from other works and to\nthe conjecture of Weinrib and Halperin: $\\nu = 2/a$ and discuss the occurring\ndeviations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A qualitative Langevin-like model for the coexistence of two distinct\n  granular temperatures: In the present work, we study qualitatively the physics of granular\ntemperature coexistence, for a mixture of two different species. Our model\ncaptures its essential aspects and this allows us to get insights on the\nphysical mechanisms of distinct temperature coexistence, in a way which is not\nobscured by the complexities of kinetic theories or numerical simulations. Our\nsimple model is consistent with limit situations where we should expect\nequality for the granular temperatures for the mixture.",
        "positive": "Exact coherent states of a harmonically confined Tonks-Girardeau gas: Using a scaling transformation we exactly determine the dynamics of an\nharmonically confined Tonks-Girardeau gas under arbitrary time variations of\nthe trap frequency. We show how during a one-dimensional expansion a\n``dynamical fermionization'' occurs as the momentum distribution rapidly\napproaches an ideal Fermi gas distribution, and that under a sudden change of\nthe trap frequency the gas undergoes undamped breathing oscillations displaying\nalternating bosonic and fermionic character in momentum space. The absence of\ndamping in the oscillations is a peculiarity of the truly Tonks regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation theorems in presence of information gain and feedback: In this study, we rederive the fluctuation theorems in presence of feedback,\nby assuming the known Jarzynski equality and detailed fluctuation theorems. We\nfirst reproduce the already known work theorems for a classical system, and\nthen extend the treatment to the other classical theorems. For deriving the\nextended quantum fluctuation theorems, we have considered open systems. No\nassumption is made on the nature of environment and the strength of system-bath\ncoupling. However, it is assumed that the measurement process involves\nclassical errors.",
        "positive": "Spontaneous phase oscillation induced by inertia and time delay: We consider a system of coupled oscillators with finite inertia and\ntime-delayed interaction, and investigate the interplay between inertia and\ndelay both analytically and numerically. The phase velocity of the system is\nexamined; revealed in numerical simulations is emergence of spontaneous phase\noscillation without external driving, which turns out to be in good agreement\nwith analytical results derived in the strong-coupling limit. Such\nself-oscillation is found to suppress synchronization and its frequency is\nobserved to decrease with inertia and delay. We obtain the phase diagram, which\ndisplays oscillatory and stationary phases in the appropriate regions of the\nparameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enhancing the predictability and retrodictability of stochastic\n  processes: Scientific inference involves obtaining the unknown properties or behavior of\na system in the light of what is known, typically, without changing the system.\nHere we propose an alternative to this approach: a system can be modified in a\ntargeted way, preferably by a small amount, so that its properties and behavior\ncan be inferred more successfully. For the sake of concreteness we focus on\ninferring the future and past of Markov processes and illustrate our method on\ntwo classes of processes: diffusion on random spatial networks, and\nthermalizing quantum systems.",
        "positive": "On the Renyi entropy, Boltzmann Principle, Levy and power-law\n  distributions and Renyi parameter: The Renyi entropy with a free Renyi parameter $q$ is the most justified form\nof information entropy, and the Tsallis entropy may be regarded as a linear\napproximation to the Renyi entropy when $q\\simeq 1$. When $q\\to 1$, both\nentropies go to the Boltzmann--Shannon entropy. The application of the\nprinciple of maximum of information entropy (MEP) to the Renyi entropy gives\nrise to the microcanonical (homogeneous) distribution for an isolated system.\nWhatever the value of the Renyi parameter $q$ is, in this case the Renyi\nentropy becomes the Boltzmann entropy $S_B=k_B\\ln W$, that provides support for\nuniversality of the Boltzmann's principle of statistical mechanics. For a\nsystem being in contact with a heat bath, the application of MEP to the Renyi\nentropy gives rise to Levy distribution (or, $q$-distribution) accepted as one\nof the main results of the so-called nonextensive statistics. The same\ndistribution is derived here for a small physical system experiencing\ntemperature fluctuations. The long--range \"tail\" of the Levy distribution is\nthe power--law (Zipf-Pareto) distribution with the exponent $s$ expressed via\n$q$. The exponent and free Renyi parameter $q$ can be uniquely determined with\nthe use of a further extension of MEP. Then typical values of $s$ are found\nwithin the range $1.3\\div 2$ and of $q$ within the range $0.25\\div 0.5$, in\ndependence on parameters of stochastic systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Normal form for renormalization groups: The results of the renormalization group are commonly advertised as the\nexistence of power law singularities near critical points. The classic\npredictions are often violated and logarithmic and exponential corrections are\ntreated on a case-by-case basis. We use the mathematics of normal form theory\nto systematically group these into universality families of seemingly unrelated\nsystems united by common scaling variables. We recover and explain the existing\nliterature and predict the nonlinear generalization for the universal\nhomogeneous scaling functions. We show that this procedure leads to a better\nhandling of the singularity even in classic cases and elaborate our framework\nusing several examples.",
        "positive": "L\u00e9vy walks: Random walk is a fundamental concept with applications ranging from quantum\nphysics to econometrics. Remarkably, one specific model of random walks appears\nto be ubiquitous across many fields as a tool to analyze transport phenomena in\nwhich the dispersal process is faster than dictated by Brownian diffusion. The\nL\\'{e}vy walk model combines two key features, the ability to generate\nanomalously fast diffusion and a finite velocity of a random walker. Recent\nresults in optics, Hamiltonian chaos, cold atom dynamics, bio-physics, and\nbehavioral science demonstrate that this particular type of random walks\nprovides significant insight into complex transport phenomena. This review\nprovides a self-consistent introduction to L\\'{e}vy walks, surveys their\nexisting applications, including latest advances, and outlines further\nperspectives."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Path-integral calculation of the third virial coefficient of quantum\n  gases at low temperatures: We derive path-integral expressions for the second and third virial\ncoefficients of monatomic quantum gases. Unlike previous work that considered\nonly Boltzmann statistics, we include exchange effects (Bose-Einstein or\nFermi-Dirac statistics). We use state-of-the-art pair and three-body potentials\nto calculate the third virial coefficient of 3He and 4He in the temperature\nrange 2.6-24.5561 K. We obtain uncertainties smaller than those of the limited\nexperimental data. Inclusion of exchange effects is necessary to obtain\naccurate results below about 7 K.",
        "positive": "A Mechanical Approach to One-Dimensional Interacting Gas: Traditional derivations of the van der Waals equation typically use standard\nrecipes involving ensemble averages of statistical mechanics. In this work, we\nstudy a box of weakly interacting gas particles in one-dimension from a purely\nmechanical point of view. This has the merit that it not only reproduces the\nvan der Waals equation but also tells us some extra interesting physics not\nimmediately clear from a pure statistical mechanical approach. For example, we\nfind that the traditional handwaving interpretation of the van der Waals\nequation adopting mean field approximation is actually incorrect. In this\ninvestigation of one-dimensional interacting gas, we demonstrate the\npossibility taking a mechanical point of view and having deeper understanding\nfor the physics of leading order effect of particle-particle interaction, for\nweakly interacting N-body systems that are usually studied in the framework of\nstatistical mechanics or kinetic theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field-Theoretic Approach to Ionic Systems: Criticality and\n  Tricriticality: A Landau-Ginzburg functional of two order parameters (charge-density $\\phi$\nand mass-density deviation $\\eta$) is developed in order to yield a field\ntheory relevant to ionic lattice gases as well as a family of off-lattice\nmodels of ionic fluids that go beyond the restricted primitive model (RPM). In\na mean-field (MF) approximation an instability of a uniform phase with respect\nto charge fluctuations with a wave-number $k\\ne 0$ is found. This second-order\ntransition to a charge-ordered phase terminates at a tricritical point (tcp).\nBeyond MF, a singularity of a mass correlation function for $k\\to 0$ occurs at\nion concentration lower than that of the MF tcp. An effective functional\ndepending only on $\\eta$ is constructed. For low ion concentration the usual\nLandau form of the simple-fluid (Ising) functional is obtained; hence in this\ntheory the critical point is in the Ising universality class.",
        "positive": "Rational quantum integrable systems of D_N type with polarized spin\n  reversal operators: We study the spin Calogero model of D_N type with polarized spin reversal\noperators, as well as its associated spin chain of Haldane-Shastry type, both\nin the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic cases. We compute the spectrum and\nthe partition function of the former model in closed form, from which we derive\nan exact formula for the chain's partition function in terms of products of\npartition functions of Polychronakos-Frahm spin chains of type A. Using a\nrecursion relation for the latter partition functions that we derive in the\npaper, we are able to numerically evaluate the partition function, and thus the\nspectrum, of the D_N-type spin chain for relatively high values of the number\nof spins N. We analyze several global properties of the chain's spectrum, such\nas the asymptotic level density, the distribution of consecutive spacings of\nthe unfolded spectrum, and the average degeneracy. In particular, our results\nsuggest that this chain is invariant under a suitable Yangian group, and that\nits spectrum coincides with that of a Yangian-invariant vertex model with\nlinear energy function and dispersion relation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vibrations of closed-shell Lennard-Jones icosahedral and cuboctahedral\n  clusters and their effect on the cluster ground state energy: Vibrational spectra of closed shell Lennard-Jones icosahedral and\ncuboctahedral clusters are calculated for shell numbers between 2 and 9.\nEvolution of the vibrational density of states with the cluster shell number is\nexamined and differences between icosahedral and cuboctahedral clusters\ndescribed. This enabled a quantum calculation of quantum ground state energies\nof the clusters in the quasiharmonic approximation and a comparison of the\ndifferences between the two types of clusters. It is demonstrated that in the\nquantum treatment, the closed shell icosahedral clusters binding energies\ndiffer from those of cuboctahedral clusters more than is the case in classical\ntreatment.",
        "positive": "Survival probability of a diffusing particle constrained by two moving,\n  absorbing boundaries: We calculate the exact asymptotic survival probability, Q, of a\none-dimensional Brownian particle, initially located located at the point x in\n(-L,L), in the presence of two moving absorbing boundaries located at\n\\pm(L+ct). The result is Q(y,\\lambda) = \\sum_{n=-\\infty}^\\infty (-1)^n\n\\cosh(ny) \\exp(-n^2\\lambda), where y=cx/D, \\lambda = cL/D and D is the\ndiffusion constant of the particle. The results may be extended to the case\nwhere the absorbing boundaries have different speeds. As an application, we\ncompute the asymptotic survival probability for the trapping reaction A + B ->\nB, for evanescent traps with a long decay time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Volume Law and Quantum Criticality in the Entanglement Entropy of\n  Excited Eigenstates of the Quantum Ising Model: Much has been learned about universal properties of entanglement entropies in\nground states of quantum many-body lattice systems. Here we unveil universal\nproperties of the average bipartite entanglement entropy of eigenstates of the\nparadigmatic quantum Ising model in one dimension. The leading term exhibits a\nvolume-law scaling that we argue is universal for translationally invariant\nquadratic models. The subleading term is constant at the critical field for the\nquantum phase transition and vanishes otherwise (in the thermodynamic limit),\ni.e., the critical field can be identified from subleading corrections to the\naverage (over all eigenstates) entanglement entropy.",
        "positive": "Multicritical behavior in frustrated spin systems with noncollinear\n  order: We investigate the phase diagram and, in particular, the nature of the the\nmulticritical point in three-dimensional frustrated $N$-component spin models\nwith noncollinear order in the presence of an external field, for instance\neasy-axis stacked triangular antiferromagnets in the presence of a magnetic\nfield along the easy axis. For this purpose we study the renormalization-group\nflow in a Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson \\phi^4 theory with symmetry O(2)x[Z_2 +O(N-1)]\nthat is expected to describe the multicritical behavior. We compute its MS\n\\beta functions to five loops. For N\\ge 4, their analysis does not support the\nhypothesis of an effective enlargement of the symmetry at the multicritical\npoint, from O(2) x [Z_2+O(N-1)] to O(2)xO(N). For the physically interesting\ncase N=3, the analysis does not allow us to exclude the corresponding symmetry\nenlargement controlled by the O(2)xO(3) fixed point. Moreover, it does not\nprovide evidence for any other stable fixed point. Thus, on the basis of our\nfield-theoretical results, the transition at the multicritical point is\nexpected to be either continuous and controlled by the O(2)xO(3) fixed point or\nto be of first order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fokker-Planck and Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch Equations for Classical\n  Ferromagnets: A macroscopic equation of motion for the magnetization of a ferromagnet at\nelevated temperatures should contain both transverse and longitudinal\nrelaxation terms and interpolate between Landau-Lifshitz equation at low\ntemperatures and the Bloch equation at high temperatures. It is shown that for\nthe classical model where spin-bath interactions are described by stochastic\nLangevin fields and spin-spin interactions are treated within the mean-field\napproximation (MFA), such a ``Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch'' (LLB) equation can be\nderived exactly from the Fokker-Planck equation, if the external conditions\nchange slowly enough. For weakly anisotropic ferromagnets within the MFA the\nLLB equation can be written in a macroscopic form based on the free-energy\nfunctional interpolating between the Landau free energy near T_C and the\n``micromagnetic'' free energy, which neglects changes of the magnetization\nmagnitude |{\\bf M}|, at low temperatures.",
        "positive": "Generalised Fluctuation Formula: We develop a General Fluctuation Formula for phase variables that are odd\nunder time reversal. Simulations are used to verify the new formula."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Locality of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Universal Spacing\n  Distribution of Topological Defects Formed Across a Phase Transition: The crossing of a continuous phase transition results in the formation of\ntopological defects with a density predicted by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism\n(KZM). We characterize the spatial distribution of point-like topological\ndefects in the resulting nonequilibrium state and model it using a Poisson\npoint process in arbitrary spatial dimension with KZM density. Numerical\nsimulations in a one-dimensional $\\phi^4$ theory unveil short-distance\ndefect-defect corrections stemming from the kink excluded volume, while in two\nspatial dimensions, our model accurately describes the vortex spacing\ndistribution in a strongly-coupled superconductor indicating the suppression of\ndefect-defect spatial correlations.",
        "positive": "Efficient Monte Carlo algorithm in quasi-one-dimensional Ising spin\n  systems: We have developed an efficient Monte Carlo algorithm, which accelerates slow\nMonte Carlo dynamics in quasi-one-dimensional Ising spin systems. The loop\nalgorithm of the quantum Monte Carlo method is applied to the classical spin\nmodels with highly anisotropic exchange interactions. Both correlation time and\nreal CPU time are reduced drastically. The algorithm is demonstrated in the\nlayered triangular-lattice antiferromagnetic Ising model. We have obtained the\nrelation between the transition temperature and the exchange interaction\nparameters, which modifies the result of the chain-mean-field theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of the three-dimensional XY universality class: We improve the theoretical estimates of the critical exponents for the\nthree-dimensional XY universality class. We find alpha=-0.0146(8),\ngamma=1.3177(5), nu=0.67155(27), eta=0.0380(4), beta=0.3485(2), and\ndelta=4.780(2). We observe a discrepancy with the most recent experimental\nestimate of alpha; this discrepancy calls for further theoretical and\nexperimental investigations. Our results are obtained by combining Monte Carlo\nsimulations based on finite-size scaling methods, and high-temperature\nexpansions. Two improved models (with suppressed leading scaling corrections)\nare selected by Monte Carlo computation. The critical exponents are computed\nfrom high-temperature expansions specialized to these improved models. By the\nsame technique we determine the coefficients of the small-magnetization\nexpansion of the equation of state. This expansion is extended analytically by\nmeans of approximate parametric representations, obtaining the equation of\nstate in the whole critical region. We also determine the specific-heat\namplitude ratio.",
        "positive": "Extended Poisson-Kac theory: A unifying framework for stochastic\n  processes with finite propagation velocity: Stochastic processes play a key role for modeling a huge variety of transport\nproblems out of equilibrium, with manifold applications throughout the natural\nand social sciences. To formulate models of stochastic dynamics the\nconventional approach consists in superimposing random fluctuations on a\nsuitable deterministic evolution. These fluctuations are sampled from\nprobability distributions that are prescribed a priori, most commonly as\nGaussian or L\\'evy. While these distributions are motivated by (generalised)\ncentral limit theorems they are nevertheless \\textit{unbounded}, meaning that\narbitrarily large fluctuations can be obtained with finite probability. This\nproperty implies the violation of fundamental physical principles such as\nspecial relativity and may yield divergencies for basic physical quantities\nlike energy. Here we solve the fundamental problem of unbounded random\nfluctuations by constructing a comprehensive theoretical framework of\nstochastic processes possessing physically realistic finite propagation\nvelocity. Our approach is motivated by the theory of L\\'evy walks, which we\nembed into an extension of conventional Poisson-Kac processes. The resulting\nextended theory employs generalised transition rates to model subtle\nmicroscopic dynamics, which reproduces non-trivial spatio-temporal correlations\non macroscopic scales. It thus enables the modelling of many different kinds of\ndynamical features, as we demonstrate by three physically and biologically\nmotivated examples. The corresponding stochastic models capture the whole\nspectrum of diffusive dynamics from normal to anomalous diffusion, including\nthe striking `Brownian yet non Gaussian' diffusion, and more sophisticated\nphenomena such as senescence. Extended Poisson-Kac theory can therefore be used\nto model a wide range of finite velocity dynamical phenomena that are observed\nexperimentally."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conservation Laws and Thermodynamic Efficiencies: We show that generic systems with a single relevant conserved quantity reach\nthe Carnot efficiency in the thermodynamic limit. Such a general result is\nillustrated by means of a diatomic chain of hard-point elastically colliding\nparticles where the total momentum is the only relevant conserved quantity.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation Theorem for the flashing ratchet model of molecular motors: Molecular motors convert chemical energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP\ninto mechanical energy. A well-studied model of a molecular motor is the\nflashing ratchet model. We show that this model exhibits a fluctuation relation\nknown as the Gallavotti-Cohen symmetry. Our study highlights the fact that the\nsymmetry is present only if the chemical and mechanical degrees of freedom are\nboth included in the description."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chiral-symmetric Topological Origin of Nonlinear Fixed Points: Particle-hole symmetry and chiral symmetry play a pivotal role in multiple\nareas of physics, yet they remain un-studied in systems with nonlinear\ninteractions that are beyond Kerr-type. Here, we establish these two\nnon-spatial symmetries in systems with strong and general nonlinear\ninteractions. Chiral symmetry ensures the quantization of the Berry phase of\nnonlinear normal modes and categorizes the topological phases of nonlinear\ndynamics. We show edge modes that serve as topologically protected fixed points\nof chiral-symmetric nonlinear dynamics. Our theoretical framework paves the way\ntowards the topological classification of general nonlinear dynamics.",
        "positive": "Lineshape Theory and Photon Counting Statistics for Spectral\n  Fluctuations in Quantum Dots: a L\u00e9vy Walk Process: Recent experimental observations have found two different kinds of ``strange\nkinetic behaviors\" in individual semiconductor nanocrystals (or quantum dots).\nFluorescence intermittency observed in the quantum dots shows power--law\nstatistics in both {\\it on} and {\\it off} times. Spectral diffusion of the\nquantum dots is also described by power--law statistics in the sojourn times.\nMotivated by these experimental observations we consider two different but\nrelated problems: (a) a stochastic lineshape theory for the Kubo-Anderson\noscillator whose frequency modulation follows power-law statistics and (b)\nphoton counting statistics of quantum dots whose intensity fluctuation is\ncharacterized by power-law kinetics. In the first problem, we derive an\nanalytical expression for the lineshape formula and find rich type of behaviors\nwhen compared with the standard theory. For example, new type of resonances and\nnarrowing behavior have been found. We show that the lineshape is extremely\nsensitive to the way the system is prepared at time $t=0$ and discuss the\nproblem of stationarity. In the second problem, we use semiclassical photon\ncounting statistics to characterize the fluctuation of the photon counts\nemitted from quantum dots. We show that the photon counting statistics problem\ncan be mapped onto a L\\'evy walk process. We find unusually large fluctuations\nin the photon counts that have not been encountered previously. In particular,\nwe show that $Q$ may increase in time even in the long time limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coagulation reaction in low dimensions: Revisiting subdiffusive A+A\n  reactions in one dimension: We present a theory for the coagulation reaction A+A -> A for particles\nmoving subdiffusively in one dimension. Our theory is tested against numerical\nsimulations of the concentration of $A$ particles as a function of time\n(``anomalous kinetics'') and of the interparticle distribution function as a\nfunction of interparticle distance and time. We find that the theory captures\nthe correct behavior asymptotically and also at early times, and that it does\nso whether the particles are nearly diffusive or very subdiffusive. We find\nthat, as in the normal diffusion problem, an interparticle gap responsible for\nthe anomalous kinetics develops and grows with time. This corrects an earlier\nclaim to the contrary on our part.",
        "positive": "Exact analytic multi-quanta states of the Davydov Dimer: The Davydov model describes amide I energy transfer in proteins without\ndispersion or dissipation. In spite of five decades of study, there are few\nexact analytical results, especially for the discrete version of this model.\nHere we develop two methods to determine the exact orthonormal, multi-quanta,\neigenstates of the Davydov dimer. The first method involves the integration of\na system of ordinary differential equations and the second method applies\npurely algebraic methods to this problem. We obtain the general expression of\nthe eigenvalues for any number of quanta and also, as examples, apply the\nmethods to the detailed derivation of the eigenvectors for one to four quanta,\nplus a brief example in the case of $n=5$ and $n=6$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evolution of Cooperation in a Spatial Prisoner's Dilemma: We investigate the spatial distribution and the global frequency of agents\nwho can either cooperate or defect. The agent interaction is described by a\ndeterministic, non-iterated prisoner's dilemma game, further each agent only\nlocally interacts with his neighbors. Based on a detailed analysis of the local\npayoff structures we derive critical conditions for the invasion or the spatial\ncoexistence of cooperators and defectors. These results are concluded in a\nphase diagram that allows to identify five regimes, each characterized by a\ndistinct spatiotemporal dynamics and a corresponding final spatial structure.\nIn addition to the complete invasion of defectors, we find coexistence regimes\nwith either a majority of cooperators in large spatial domains, or a minority\nof cooperators organized in small non-stationary domains or in small clusters.\nThe analysis further allowed a verification of computer simulation results by\nNowak and May (1993). Eventually, we present simulation results of a true\n5-person game on a lattice. This modification leads to non-uniform spatial\ninteractions that may even enhance the effect of cooperation. Keywords:\nPrisoner's dilemma; cooperation; spatial 5-person game",
        "positive": "Thermostatistics of deformed bosons and fermions: Based on the q-deformed oscillator algebra, we study the behavior of the mean\noccupation number and its analogies with intermediate statistics and we obtain\nan expression in terms of an infinite continued fraction, thus clarifying\nsuccessive approximations. In this framework, we study the thermostatistics of\nq-deformed bosons and fermions and show that thermodynamics can be built on the\nformalism of q-calculus. The entire structure of thermodynamics is preserved if\nordinary derivatives are replaced by the use of an appropriate Jackson\nderivative and q-integral. Moreover, we derive the most important thermodynamic\nfunctions and we study the q-boson and q-fermion ideal gas in the thermodynamic\nlimit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Singular behaviour of time-averaged stress fluctuations on surfaces: We provide a method for calculating time-averaged stress fluctuations on\nsurfaces in a viscous incompressible fluid at equilibrium. We assume that (i)\nthe time-averaged fluctuating stress is balanced in equilibrium at each\nposition and that (ii) the time-averaged fluctuating stress obeys a Gaussian\ndistribution on the restricted configuration space given by (i). Using these\nassumptions with the Green-Kubo formula for the viscosity, we can derive the\nlarge deviation function of the time-averaged fluctuating stress. Then, using\nthe saddle-point method for the large deviation function, we obtain the\ntime-averaged surface stress fluctuations. As an example, for a fluid between\ntwo parallel plates, we study the time-averaged shear/normal stress\nfluctuations per unit area on the top plate at equilibrium. We show that the\nsurface shear/normal stress fluctuations are inversely proportional to the\ndistance between the plates.",
        "positive": "Exact Solution of Asymmetric Diffusion With N Classes of Particles of\n  Arbitrary Size and Hierarchical Order: The exact solution of the asymmetric exclusion problem with N distinct\nclasses of particles (c = 1,2,...,N), with hierarchical order is presented.\n  In this model the particles (size 1) are located at lattice points, and\ndiffuse with equal asymmetric rates, but particles in a class c do not\ndistinguish those in the classes c' >c from holes (empty sites). We generalize\nand solve exactly this model by considering the molecules in each distinct\nclass c =1,2,...,N with sizes s_c (s_c = 0,1,2,...), in units of lattice\nspacing. The solution is derived by a Bethe ansatz of nested type."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical phase transitions for the activity biased Ising model in a\n  magnetic field: We consider large deviations of the dynamical activity -- defined as the\ntotal number of configuration changes within a time interval -- for mean-field\nand one-dimensional Ising models, in the presence of a magnetic field. We\nidentify several dynamical phase transitions that appear as singularities in\nthe scaled cumulant generating function of the activity. In particular, we find\nlow-activity ferromagnetic states and a novel high-activity phase, with\nassociated first- and second-order phase transitions. The high-activity phase\nhas a negative susceptibility to the magnetic field. In the mean-field case, we\nanalyse the dynamical phase coexistence that occurs on first-order transition\nlines, including the optimal-control forces that reproduce the relevant large\ndeviations. In the one-dimensional model, we use exact diagonalisation and\ncloning methods to perform finite-size scaling of the first-order phase\ntransition at non-zero magnetic field.",
        "positive": "Anisotropic finite-size scaling analysis of a three-dimensional\n  driven-diffusive system: We study the standard three-dimensional driven diffusive system on a simple\ncubic lattice where particle jumps along a given lattice direction are biased\nby an infinitely strong field, while those along other directions follow the\nusual Kawasaki dynamics. Our goal is to determine which of the several existing\ntheories for critical behavior is valid. We analyze finite-size scaling\nproperties using a range of system shapes and sizes far exceeding previous\nstudies. Four different analytic predictions are tested against the numerical\ndata. Binder and Wang's prediction does not fit the data well. Among the two\nslightly different versions of Leung, the one including the effects of a\ndangerous irrelevant variable appears to be better. Recently proposed isotropic\nfinite-size scaling is inconsistent with our data from cubic systems, where\nsystematic deviations are found, especially in scaling at the critical\ntemperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical test of the damping time of layer-by-layer growth on\n  stochastic models: We perform Monte Carlo simulations on stochastic models such as the\nWolf-Villain (WV) model and the Family model in a modified version to measure\nmean separation $\\ell$ between islands in submonolayer regime and damping time\n$\\tilde t$ of layer-by-layer growth oscillations on one dimension. The\nstochastic models are modified, allowing diffusion within interval $r$ upon\ndeposited. It is found numerically that the mean separation and the damping\ntime depend on the diffusion interval $r$, leading to that the damping time is\nrelated to the mean separation as ${\\tilde t} \\sim \\ell^{4/3}$ for the WV model\nand ${\\tilde t} \\sim \\ell^2$ for the Family model. The numerical results are in\nexcellent agreement with recent theoretical predictions.",
        "positive": "Equation of state and distribution of particle sizes in Gibbs system: In the framework of Gibbs statistical theory, the issue of the distribution\nof particle sizes forming the statistical system and the moments of this\ndistribution are considered. This task is relevant for a wide variety of\napplications. The distribution for particle sizes and moments of this quantity\nare determined from probabilistic considerations. Particle size depends on\ninteractions in the system, on the compressibility factor, on the number of\ninteracting particles, on the volume of the system. The expressions for the\nintrinsic volume of particles are substituted into the equations of state\nwritten using the theory of excluded volume for various expressions of the\nexclusion factor. The equations of state thus obtained can be considered as a\nrefinement of the equation of state, a transition to a higher level of\ndescription."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Disorder Operators and their Descendants: I review the concept of a {\\em disorder operator}, introduced originally by\nKadanoff in the context of the two-dimensional Ising model. Disorder operators\nacquire an expectation value in the disordered phase of the classical spin\nsystem. This concept has had applications and implications to many areas of\nphysics ranging from quantum spin chains to gauge theories to topological\nphases of matter. In this paper I describe the role that disorder operators\nplay in our understanding of ordered, disordered and topological phases of\nmatter. The role of disorder operators, and their generalizations, and their\nconnection with dualities in different systems, as well as with Majorana\nfermions and parafermions, is discussed in detail. Their role in recent\nfermion-boson and boson-boson dualities is briefly discussed.",
        "positive": "Sweeping cluster algorithm for quantum spin systems with strong\n  geometric restrictions: Quantum spin systems with strong geometric restrictions give rise to rich\nquantum phases such as valence bond solids and spin liquid states. However, the\ngeometric restrictions often hamper the application of sophisticated numerical\napproaches. Based on the stochastic series expansion method, we develop an\nefficient and exact quantum Monte Carlo \"sweeping cluster\" algorithm which\nautomatically satisfies the geometrical restrictions. Here we use the quantum\ndimer model as a benchmark to demonstrate the reliability and power of this\nalgorithm. Comparing to existing numerical methods, we can obtain higher\naccuracy results for a wider parameter region and much more substantial system\nsizes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Static magnetization induced by time-periodic fields with zero mean: We consider a single spin in a constant magnetic field or an anisotropy\nfield. We show that additional external time-periodic fields with zero mean may\ngenerate nonzero time-averaged spin components which are vanishing for the\ntime-averaged Hamiltonian. The reason is a lowering of the dynamical symmetry\nof the system. A harmonic signal with proper orientation is enough to display\nthe effect. We analyze the problem both with and without dissipation, both for\nquantum spins (s=1/2,1) and classical spins. The results are of importance for\ncontrolling the system's state using high or low frequency fields and for using\nnew resonance techniques which probe internal system parameters, to name a few.",
        "positive": "Uniformity of the phase space and fluctuations in thermal equilibrium: General relations are found between the measure of the uniformity of\ndistributions on the phase space and the first moments and correlations of\nextensive variables for systems close to thermal equilibrium. The role played\nby the parameter of the Renyi entropy for the analysis of their fluctuations\nand correlations is studied. Analytical results are verified and illustrated by\ndirect simulations of quantum systems of ideal fermions and bosons. Problems of\nfinite statistics, usual in experiments and simulations, are addressed and\ndiscussed and solved by finding unbiased estimators for Renyi entropies and\nuniformities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conway's game of life is a near-critical metastable state in the\n  multiverse of cellular automata: Conway's cellular automaton Game of LIFE has been conjectured to be a\ncritical (or quasicritical) dynamical system. This criticality is generally\nseen as a continuous order-disorder transition in cellular automata (CA) rule\nspace. LIFE's mean-field return map predicts an absorbing vacuum phase\n($\\rho=0$) and an active phase density, with $\\rho=0.37$, which contrasts with\nLIFE's absorbing states in a square lattice, which have a stationary density\n$\\rho_{2D} \\approx 0.03$. Here, we study and classify mean-field maps for\n$6144$ outer-totalistic CA and compare them with the corresponding behavior\nfound in the square lattice. We show that the single-site mean-field approach\ngives qualitative (and even quantitative) predictions for most of them. The\ntransition region in rule space seems to correspond to a nonequilibrium\ndiscontinuous absorbing phase transition instead of a continuous order-disorder\none. We claim that LIFE is a quasicritical nucleation process where vacuum\nphase domains invade the alive phase. Therefore, LIFE is not at the \"border of\nchaos,\" but thrives on the \"border of extinction.\"",
        "positive": "Exploring the link between crystal defects and non-affine displacement\n  fluctuations: We generalize, and then use, a recently introduced formalism to study thermal\nfluctuations of atomic displacements in several two and three dimensional\ncrystals. We study both close packed as well as open crystals with multi atom\nbases. Atomic displacement fluctuations in a solid, once coarse-grained over\nsome neighborhood may be decomposed into two mutually orthogonal components. In\nany dimension $d$ there are always $d^2$ {\\em affine} displacements\nrepresenting local strains and rotations of the ideal reference configuration.\nIn addition, there exists a number of {\\em non-affine} localized displacement\nmodes that cannot be represented as strains or rotations. The number of these\nmodes depends on $d$ and the size of the coarse graining region. All\nthermodynamic averages and correlation functions concerning the affine and\nnon-affine displacements may be computed within a harmonic theory. We show that\nfor compact crystals, such as the square and triangular in $d=2$ and the\nsimple, body-centered and face-centered cubic crystals in $d=3$, a single set\nof $d-$fold degenerate modes always dominate the non-affine sub-space and are\nseparated from the rest by a large gap. These modes may be identified with\nspecific precursor configurations that lead to lattice defects. Deformation\nmechanisms such as lattice slips and stacking faults in close packed crystals\ncan also be understood within this framework. The qualitative features of these\nconclusions are expected to be independent of the details of the atomic\ninteractions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-avoiding walks and trails on the 3.12 lattice: We find the generating function of self-avoiding walks and trails on a\nsemi-regular lattice called the $3.12^2$ lattice in terms of the generating\nfunctions of simple graphs, such as self-avoiding walks, polygons and tadpole\ngraphs on the hexagonal lattice. Since the growth constant for these graphs is\nknown on the hexagonal lattice we can find the growth constant for both walks\nand trails on the $3.12^2$ lattice. A result of Watson then allows us to find\nthe generating function and growth constant of neighbour-avoiding walks on the\ncovering lattice of the $3.12^2$ lattice which is tetra-valent. A mapping into\nwalks on the covering lattice allows us to obtain improved bounds on the growth\nconstant for a range of lattices.",
        "positive": "Hard core particle exclusion effects in low dimensional non-equilibrium\n  phase transitions: We review the currently known universality classes of continuous phase\ntransitions to absorbing states in nonequilibrium systems and present results\nof simulations and arguments to show how the blockades introduced by different\nparticle species in one dimension cause new robust classes. Results of\ninvestigations on the dynamic scaling behavior of some bosonic spreading models\nare reported."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Perturbative large deviation analysis of non-equilibrium dynamics: Macroscopic fluctuation theory has shown that a wide class of non-equilibrium\nstochastic dynamical systems obey a large deviation principle, but except for a\nfew one-dimensional examples these large deviation principles are in general\nnot known in closed form. We consider the problem of constructing successive\napproximations to an (unknown) large deviation functional and show that the\nnon-equilibrium probability distribution the takes a Gibbs-Boltzmann form with\na set of auxiliary (non-physical) energy functions. The expectation values of\nthese auxiliary energy functions and their conjugate quantities satisfy a\nclosed system of equations which can imply a considerable reduction of\ndimensionality of the dynamics. We show that the accuracy of the approximations\ncan be tested self-consistently without solving the full non- equilibrium\nequations. We test the general procedure on the simple model problem of a\nrelaxing 1D Ising chain.",
        "positive": "Quantum dynamics in strong fluctuating fields: A large number of multifaceted quantum transport processes in molecular\nsystems and physical nanosystems can be treated in terms of quantum relaxation\nprocesses which couple to one or several fluctuating environments. A thermal\nequilibrium environment can conveniently be modelled by a thermal bath of\nharmonic oscillators. An archetype situation provides a two-state dissipative\nquantum dynamics, commonly known under the label of a spin-boson dynamics. An\ninteresting and nontrivial physical situation emerges, however, when the\nquantum dynamics evolves far away from thermal equilibrium. This occurs, for\nexample, when a charge transferring medium possesses nonequilibrium degrees of\nfreedom, or when a strong time-dependent control field is applied externally.\nAccordingly, certain parameters of underlying quantum subsystem acquire\nstochastic character. Herein, we review the general theoretical framework which\nis based on the method of projector operators, yielding the quantum master\nequations for systems that are exposed to strong external fields. This allows\none to investigate on a common basis the influence of nonequilibrium\nfluctuations and periodic electrical fields on quantum transport processes.\nMost importantly, such strong fluctuating fields induce a whole variety of\nnonlinear and nonequilibrium phenomena. A characteristic feature of such\ndynamics is the absence of thermal (quantum) detailed balance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimization of a class of heat engines with explicit solution: A specific class of stochastic heat engines driven cyclically by\ntime-dependent potential, which is defined in the half-line ($0<x<+\\infty$), is\nanalysed. For such engines, most of their physical quantities can be obtained\nexplicitly, including the entropy and internal energy of the heat engine, as\nwell as output work (power) and heat exchange with the environment during a\nfinite time interval. The optimisation method based on the external potential\nto reduce {\\it irreversible} work and increase energy efficiency is presented.\nWith this optimised potential, efficiency $\\eta^*$ and its particular value at\nmaximum power $\\eta^*_{\\rm EMP}$ are calculated and discussed briefly.",
        "positive": "Dynamical heterogeneities as fingerprints of a backbone structure in\n  Potts models: We investigate slow non-equilibrium dynamical processes in two-dimensional\n$q$--state Potts model with both ferromagnetic and $\\pm J$ couplings. Dynamical\nproperties are characterized by means of the mean-flipping time distribution.\nThis quantity is known for clearly unveiling dynamical heterogeneities. Using a\ntwo-times protocol we characterize the different time scales observed and\nrelate them to growth processes occurring in the system. In particular we\ntarget the possible relation between the different time scales and the spatial\nheterogeneities originated in the ground state topology, which are associated\nto the presence of a backbone structure. We perform numerical simulations using\nan approach based on graphics processing units (GPUs) which permits to reach\nlarge system sizes. We present evidence supporting both the idea of a growing\nprocess in the preasymptotic regime of the glassy phases and the existence of a\nbackbone structure behind this processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Symmetry resolved entanglement in two-dimensional systems via\n  dimensional reduction: We report on the calculation of the symmetry resolved entanglement entropies\nin two-dimensional many-body systems of free bosons and fermions by\n\\emph{dimensional reduction}. When the subsystem is translational invariant in\na transverse direction, this strategy allows us to reduce the initial\ntwo-dimensional problem into decoupled one-dimensional ones in a mixed\nspace-momentum representation. While the idea straightforwardly applies to any\ndimension $d$, here we focus on the case $d=2$ and derive explicit expressions\nfor two lattice models possessing a $U(1)$ symmetry, i.e., free\nnon-relativistic massless fermions and free complex (massive and massless)\nbosons. Although our focus is on symmetry resolved entropies, some results for\nthe total entanglement are also new. Our derivation gives a transparent\nunderstanding of the well known different behaviours between massless bosons\nand fermions in $d\\geq2$: massless fermions presents logarithmic violation of\nthe area which instead strictly hold for bosons, even massless. This is true\nboth for the total and the symmetry resolved entropies. Interestingly, we find\nthat the equipartition of entanglement into different symmetry sectors holds\nalso in two dimensions at leading order in subsystem size; we identify for both\nsystems the first term breaking it. All our findings are quantitatively tested\nagainst exact numerical calculations in lattice models for both bosons and\nfermions.",
        "positive": "Stability of Bloch Oscillations in two coupled Bose-Einstein condensates: We investigate analytically, the stability of Bloch waves at the boundary of\nthe first Brillouin zone in two coupled Bose-Einstein condensates confined in\nan optical lattice. Contrary to the single component case, we find here two\ncritical density regimes which determine the stability of the Bloch waves.\nBreakdown of Bloch oscillations appear when n1/n2<Nc1 or when n1/n2>Nc2, here\nNc1 and Nc2 are some critical values of n1/n2. There is an intermediate regime\nbetween Nc1 and Nc2 where the Bloch oscillations are stable and the condensates\nbehave like single particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature Integration: an efficient procedure for calculation of free\n  energy differences: We propose a method, Temperature Integration, which allows an efficient\ncalculation of free energy differences between two systems of interest, with\nthe same degrees of freedom, which may have rough energy landscapes. The method\nis based on calculating, for each single system, the difference between the\nvalues of lnZ at two temperatures, using a Parallel Tempering procedure. If our\ntwo systems of interest have the same phase space volume, they have the same\nvalues of lnZ at high-T, and we can obtain the free energy difference between\nthem, using the two single-system calculations described above. If the phase\nspace volume of a system is known, our method can be used to calculate its\nabsolute (versus relative) free energy as well. We apply our method and\ndemonstrate its efficiency on a toy model of hard rods on a 1-dimensional ring.",
        "positive": "Maxwell's Refrigerator: An Exactly Solvable Model: We describe a simple and solvable model of a device that -- like the\n\"neat-fingered being\" in Maxwell's famous thought experiment -- transfers\nenergy from a cold system to a hot system by rectifying thermal fluctuations.\nIn order to accomplish this task, our device requires a memory register to\nwhich it can write information: the increase in the Shannon entropy of the\nmemory compensates the decrease in the thermodynamic entropy arising from the\nflow of heat against a thermal gradient. We construct the nonequilibrium phase\ndiagram for this device, and find that it can alternatively act as an eraser of\ninformation. We discuss our model in the context of the second law of\nthermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-extensive statistical mechanics approach to fully developed\n  hydrodynamic turbulence: We apply non-extensive methods to the statistical analysis of fully developed\nturbulent flows. Probability density functions of velocity differences at\ndistance r obtained by extremizing the Tsallis entropies coincide well with\nwhat is measured in turbulence experiments. We derive a set of relations\nbetween the hyperflatness factors F_m and the non-extensitivity parameter q,\nwhich can be used to directly extract the function q(r) from experimentally\nmeasured structure functions. We comment on various non-extensive methods to\ncalculate the moment scaling exponents zeta_m.",
        "positive": "Density and current statistics in boundary-driven monitored fermionic\n  chains: We consider a one-dimensional system of non-interacting fermions featuring\nboth boundary driving and continuous monitoring of the bulk particle density.\nDue to the measurements, the expectation values of the local density and\ncurrent operators are random variables whose average behavior is described by a\nwell studied Lindblad master equation. By means of exact numerical\ncomputations, we go beyond the averaged dynamics and study their full\nprobability distribution functions, focusing on the late-time stationary\nregime. We find that, contrary to the averaged values, the spatial profiles of\nthe median density and current are non-trivial, exhibiting qualitative\ndifferences as a function of the monitoring strength. At weak monitoring, the\nmedians are close to the means, displaying diffusive spatial profiles. At\nstrong monitoring, we find that the median density and current develop a\ndomain-wall and single-peak profile, respectively, which are suggestive of a\nZeno-like localization in typical quantum trajectories. While we are not able\nto identify a sharp phase transition as a function of the monitoring rate, our\nwork highlights the usefulness of characterizing typical behavior beyond the\naveraged values in the context of monitored many-body quantum dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytical theory of mesoscopic Bose-Einstein condensation in ideal gas: We find universal structure and scaling of BEC statistics and thermodynamics\nfor mesoscopic canonical-ensemble ideal gas in a trap for any parameters,\nincluding critical region. We identify universal constraint-cut-off mechanism\nthat makes BEC fluctuations non-Gaussian and is responsible for critical\nphenomena. Main result is analytical solution to problem of critical phenomena.\nIt is derived by calculating universal distribution of noncondensate occupation\n(Landau function) and then universal functions for physical quantities. We find\nasymptotics of that solution and its approximations which describe universal\nstructure of critical region in terms of parabolic cylinder or confluent\nhypergeometric functions. Results for order parameter, statistics, and\nthermodynamics match known asymptotics outside critical region. We suggest\n2-level and 3-level trap models and find their exact solutions in terms of\ncut-off negative binomial distribution (that tends to cut-off gamma\ndistribution in continuous limit) and confluent hypergeometric distribution. We\nintroduce a regular refinement scheme for condensate statistics approximations\non the basis of infrared universality of higher-order cumulants and method of\nsuperposition and show how to model BEC statistics in actual traps. We find\nthat 3-level trap model with matching the first 4 or 5 cumulants is enough to\nyield remarkably accurate results in whole critical region. We derive exact\nmultinomial expansion for noncondensate occupation distribution and find its\nhigh temperature asymptotics (Poisson distribution). We demonstrate that\ncritical exponents and a few known terms of Taylor expansion of universal\nfunctions, calculated previously from fitting finite-size simulations within\nrenorm-group theory, can be obtained from presented solutions.",
        "positive": "Global first passage times on fractal lattices: The global first passage time density of a network is the probability that a\nrandom walker released at a random site arrives at an absorbing trap at time T.\nWe find simple expressions for the mean global first passage time <T> for five\nfractals. We also find an exact expression for the second moment <T^2> and show\nthat the variance of the first passage time, Var(T), scales with the number of\nnodes within the fractal N such that Var(T) ~ N^(4/\\bar{d}), where \\bar{d} is\nthe spectral dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging transition in systems of oscillators with global distributed-delay\n  coupling: We consider a globally coupled network of active (oscillatory) and inactive\n(non-oscillatory) oscillators with distributed-delay coupling. Conditions for\naging transition, associated with suppression of oscillations, are derived for\nuniform and gamma delay distributions in terms of coupling parameters and the\nproportion of inactive oscillators. The results suggest that for the uniform\ndistribution increasing the width of distribution for the same mean delay\nallows aging transition to happen for a smaller coupling strength and a smaller\nproportion of inactive elements. For gamma distribution with sufficiently large\nmean time delay, it may be possible to achieve aging transition for an\narbitrary proportion of inactive oscillators, as long as the coupling strength\nlies in a certain range.",
        "positive": "Universal fluctuations in the growth of semiconductor thin films: Scaling of surface fluctuations of polycrystalline CdTe/Si(100) films grown\nby hot wall epitaxy are studied. The growth exponent of surface roughness and\nthe dynamic exponent of the auto-correlation function in the mound growth\nregime agree with the values of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) class. The scaled\ndistributions of heights, local roughness, and extremal heights show remarkable\ncollapse with those of the KPZ class, giving the first experimental observation\nof KPZ distributions in $2+1$ dimensions. Deviations from KPZ values in the\nlong-time estimates of dynamic and roughness exponents are explained by\nspurious effects of multi-peaked coalescing mounds and by effects of grain\nshapes. Thus, this scheme for investigating universality classes of growing\nfilms advances over the simple comparison of scaling exponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Speed Limits for Macroscopic Transitions: Speed of state transitions in macroscopic systems is a crucial concept for\nfoundations of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics as well as various\napplications in quantum technology represented by optimal quantum control.\nWhile extensive studies have made efforts to obtain rigorous constraints on\ndynamical processes since Mandelstam and Tamm, speed limits that provide tight\nbounds for macroscopic transitions have remained elusive. Here, by employing\nthe local conservation law of probability, the fundamental principle in\nphysics, we develop a general framework for deriving qualitatively tighter\nspeed limits for macroscopic systems than many conventional ones. We show for\nthe first time that the speed of the expectation value of an observable defined\non an arbitrary graph, which can describe general many-body systems, is bounded\nby the \"gradient\" of the observable, in contrast with conventional speed limits\ndepending on the entire range of the observable. This framework enables us to\nderive novel quantum speed limits for macroscopic unitary dynamics. Unlike\nprevious bounds, the speed limit decreases when the expectation value of the\ntransition Hamiltonian increases; this intuitively describes a new tradeoff\nrelation between time and quantum phase difference. Our bound is dependent on\ninstantaneous quantum states and thus can achieve the equality condition, which\nis conceptually distinct from the Lieb-Robinson bound. Our work elucidates\nnovel speed limits on the basis of local conservation law, providing\nfundamental limits to various types of nonequilibrium quantum macroscopic\nphenomena.",
        "positive": "Tsallis statistics and Langevin equation with multiplicative noise in\n  different orders of prescription: Usually discussions on the question of interpretation in the Langevin\nequation with multiplicative white noise are limited to the Ito and\nStratonovich prescriptions. In this work, a Langevin equation with\nmultiplicative white noise and its Fokker-Planck equation are considered. From\nthis Fokker-Planck equation a connection between the stationary solution and\nthe Tsallis distribution is obtained for different orders of prescription in\ndiscretization rule for the stochastic integrals; the Tsallis index $q$ and the\nprescription parameter (\\lambda) are determined with the drift and diffusion\ncoefficients. The result is quite general. For application, one shows that the\nTsallis distribution can be described by a class of population growth models\nsubject to the linear multiplicative white noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat Conduction and Long-Range Spatial Correlation in 1D Models: Heat conduction in one-dimensional (1D) systems is studied based on an\nanalytical S-matrix method, which is developed in the mesoscopic electronic\ntransport theory and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. It is found that heat\nconduction in these systems is related to spatial correlation of particle\nmotions. Randomizations of scatterers is found to break the correlation, hence\nresults in normal thermal conduction. Our MD simulations are in agreement with\nthe theoretical expectations. The results are useful for an understanding of\nthe relation between heat conduction and dynamic instablities or other random\nbehavior in 1D systems.",
        "positive": "The zero-temperature random-field Ising model on a bi-layered Bethe\n  lattice: The zero-temperature random-field Ising model is solved analytically for\nmagnetisation vs external field for a bi-layered Bethe lattice. The mechanisms\nof infinite avalanches which are observed for small values of disorder are\nestablished. The effects of variable inter-layer interaction strengths on\ninfinite avalanches are investigated. The spin-field correlation length is\ncalculated and its critical behaviour is discussed. Direct Monte-Carlo\nsimulations of spin-flip dynamics are shown to support the analytical findings.\nWe find, paradoxically, that a reduction of the inter-layer bond strength can\ncause a phase transition from a regime with continuous magnetisation reversal\nto a regime where magnetisation exhibits a discontinuity associated with an\ninfinite avalanche. This effect is understood in terms of the proposed\nmechanisms for the infinite avalanche."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermo-Statistical description of the Hamiltonian non extensive systems:\n  The selfsimilarity scaling laws: The foundations for a thermo-statistical description of the called non\nextensive Hamiltonian systems are reconsidered. The relevance of the parametric\nresonance as a fundamental mechanism of the Hamiltonian chaoticity in those\nsystems with bound motions in the configurational space is discussed. The\nuniversality of this mechanism suggests us the possibility of performing a\nthermo-statistical description with microcanonical basis in the context of the\nlong-range interacting Hamiltonian systems. The concept of selfsimilarity is\nproposed as an appropriate generalization of the well-known extensive\nconditions exhibited by the traditional systems, which is used to justify a\ngiven generalized thermodynamic formalism starting from the consideration of\nthe microcanonical ensemble, i.e. the nonextensive Statistics of Tsallis. These\nideas are illustrated by considering a recent proposed astrophysical model\nbased on the quasi-ergodic character of the microscopic dynamics of these\nparadigmatic examples of real long-range interacting systems.",
        "positive": "Onset of fluidization in vertically shaken granular material: When granular material is shaken vertically one observes convection, surface\nfluidization, spontaneous heap formation and other effects. There is a\ncontroversial discussion in literature whether there exists a threshold for the\nFroude number $\\Gamma=A_0\\omega_0^2/g$ below which these effects cannot be\nobserved anymore. By means of theoretical analysis and computer simulation we\nfind that there is no such single threshold. Instead we propose a modified\ncriterion which coincides with critical Froude number $\\Gamma_c=1$ for small\ndriving frequency $\\omega_0$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Special Relativistic Liouville Equation Exists: In a previous paper, the author asked the question \"Does a Special\nRelativistic Liouville Equation Exist?'. In this paper, I give an affirmative\nanswer. In 8N phase space, a Hamiltonian is derived by breaking the\nreparametrization symmetry of the single, Lorentz invariant, mathematical time\nintroduced, which defines the evolution of all phase space variables.",
        "positive": "The Role of Quantum Fluctuations in the Hexatic Phase of Cold Polar\n  Molecules: Two dimensional crystals melt via an intermediate \\textit{hexatic} phase\nwhich is characterized by an anomalous scaling of spatial and orientational\ncorrelation functions and the absence of an attraction between dislocations. We\npropose a protocol to study the role of quantum fluctuations on the nature of\nthis phase with a system of strongly correlated polar molecules in a parameter\nregime where thermal and quantum fluctuations are of the same order of\nmagnitude. The dislocations can be located in experiment from local energy\ndifferences which induce internal stark shifts in dislocation molecules. We\npresent a criterium to identify the hexatic phase from the statistics of the\nend points of topological defect strings and find a hexatic phase, which is\ndominated by quantum fluctuations, between crystal and superfluid phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation-like behavior of some optimal coalition formation models: The ground-state of an infinite-range Potts glass-type model with +/- J bonds\nand unrestricted number of states is used to investigate coalition formation.\nAs a function of the q probability of +J bonds in the system it is found that\nthe r relative size of the largest cluster (a cluster being the group of\nelements in the same state) shows a percolation like behavior. By a simple\nrenormalization approach and several optimization methods we investigate the\nr(q) curves for finite systems sizes. Non-trivial consequences for social\npercolation problems are discussed.",
        "positive": "Random k-SAT: Two Moments Suffice to Cross a Sharp Threshold: Many NP-complete constraint satisfaction problems appear to undergo a \"phase\ntransition'' from solubility to insolubility when the constraint density passes\nthrough a critical threshold. In all such cases it is easy to derive upper\nbounds on the location of the threshold by showing that above a certain density\nthe first moment (expectation) of the number of solutions tends to zero. We\nshow that in the case of certain symmetric constraints, considering the second\nmoment of the number of solutions yields nearly matching lower bounds for the\nlocation of the threshold. Specifically, we prove that the threshold for both\nrandom hypergraph 2-colorability (Property B) and random Not-All-Equal k-SAT is\n2^{k-1} ln 2 -O(1). As a corollary, we establish that the threshold for random\nk-SAT is of order Theta(2^k), resolving a long-standing open problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One-dimensional counterion gas between charged surfaces: Exact results\n  compared with weak- and strong-coupling analysis: We evaluate exactly the statistical integral for an inhomogeneous\none-dimensional counterion-only Coulomb gas between two charged boundaries and\nfrom this compute the effective interaction, or disjoining pressure, between\nthe bounding surfaces. Our exact results are compared with the limiting cases\nof weak and strong coupling which are the same for 1D and 3D systems. For\nsystems with a large number of counterions it is found that the weak coupling\n(mean-field) approximation for the disjoining pressure works perfectly and that\nfluctuations around the mean-field in 1D are much smaller than in 3D. In the\ncase of few counterions it works less well and strong coupling approximation\nperforms much better as it takes into account properly the discreteness of the\ncounterion charges.",
        "positive": "Evidence of a critical phase transition in a purely temporal dynamics\n  with long-delayed feedback: Experimental evidence of an absorbing phase transition, so far associated\nwith spatio-temporal dynamics is provided in a purely temporal optical system.\nA bistable semiconductor laser, with long-delayed opto-electronic feedback and\nmultiplicative noise shows the peculiar features of a critical phenomenon\nbelonging to the directed percolation universality class. The numerical study\nof a simple, effective model provides accurate estimates of the transition\ncritical exponents, in agreement with both theory and our experiment. This\nresult pushes forward an hard equivalence of non-trivial stochastic,\nlong-delayed systems with spatio-temporal ones and opens a new avenue for\nstudying out-of-equilibrium universality classes in purely temporal dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuating temperature outside superstatistics: thermodynamics of small\n  systems: The existence of fluctuations of temperature has been a somewhat\ncontroversial topic in thermodynamics but nowadays it is recognized that they\nmust be taken into account in small, finite systems. Although for\nnonequilibrium steady states superstatistics is becoming the \\textit{de facto}\nframework for expressing such temperature fluctuations, some recent results put\ninto question the idea of temperature as a phase space observable. In this work\nwe present and explore the statistics that describes a part of an isolated\nsystem, small enough to have well-defined uncertainties in energy and\ntemperature, but lacking a superstatistical description. These results motivate\nthe use of the so-called fundamental temperature as an observable and may be\nrelevant for the statistical description of small systems in physical\nchemistry.",
        "positive": "DMRG Study of Critical Behavior of the Spin-1/2 Alternating Heisenberg\n  Chain: We investigate the critical behavior of the S=1/2 alternating Heisenberg\nchain using the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG). The ground-state\nenergy per spin and singlet-triplet energy gap are determined for a range of\nalternations. Our results for the approach of the ground-state energy to the\nuniform chain limit are well described by a power law with exponent p=1.45. The\nsinglet-triplet gap is also well described by a power law, with a critical\nexponent of p=0.73, half of the ground-state energy exponent. The\nrenormalization group predictions of power laws with logarithmic corrections\ncan also accurately describe our data provided that a surprisingly large scale\nparameter is present in the logarithm."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectra of large random matrices: A method of study: A formalism for study of spectral correlations in non-Gaussian, unitary\ninvariant ensembles of large random matrices with strong level confinement is\nreviewed. It is based on the Shohat method in the theory of orthogonal\npolynomials. The approach presented is equally suitable for description of both\nlocal and global spectral characteristics, thereby providing an overall look at\nthe phenomenon of spectral universality in Random Matrix Theory.",
        "positive": "Reaction-Diffusion Theory in the Presence of an Attractive Harmonic\n  Potential: Problems involving the capture of a moving entity by a trap occur in a\nvariety of physical situations, the moving entity being an electron, an\nexcitation, an atom, a molecule, a biological object such as a receptor\ncluster, a cell, or even an animal such as a mouse carrying an epidemic.\nTheoretical considerations have almost always assumed that the particle motion\nis translationally invariant. We study here the case when that assumption is\nrelaxed, in that the particle is additionally subjected to a harmonic\npotential. This tethering to a center modifies the reaction-diffusion\nphenomenon. Using a Smoluchowski equation to describe the system, we carry out\na study which is explicit in 1 dimension but can be easily extended for\narbitrary dimensions. Interesting features emerge depending on the relative\nlocation of the trap, the attractive center and the initial placement of the\ndiffusing particle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum escape kinetics over a fluctuating barrier: The escape rate of a particle over a fluctuating barrier in a double well\npotential exhibits resonance at an optimum value of correlation time of\nfluctuation. This has been shown to be important in several variants of kinetic\nmodel of chemical reactions . We extend the analysis of this phenomenon of\nresonant activation to quantum domain to show how quantization significantly\nenhances resonant activation at low temperature due to tunneling.",
        "positive": "Portfolio Optimization and the Random Magnet Problem: Diversification of an investment into independently fluctuating assets\nreduces its risk. In reality, movement of assets are are mutually correlated\nand therefore knowledge of cross--correlations among asset price movements are\nof great importance. Our results support the possibility that the problem of\nfinding an investment in stocks which exposes invested funds to a minimum level\nof risk is analogous to the problem of finding the magnetization of a random\nmagnet. The interactions for this ``random magnet problem'' are given by the\ncross-correlation matrix {\\bf \\sf C} of stock returns. We find that random\nmatrix theory allows us to make an estimate for {\\bf \\sf C} which outperforms\nthe standard estimate in terms of constructing an investment which carries a\nminimum level of risk."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ab initio Calculation of Fluid Properties for Precision Metrology: Recent advances regarding the interplay between ab initio calculations and\nmetrology are reviewed, with particular emphasis on gas-based techniques used\nfor temperature and pressure measurements. Since roughly 2010, several\nthermophysical quantities - in particular, virial and transport coefficients -\ncan be computed from first principles without uncontrolled approximations and\nwith rigorously propagated uncertainties. In the case of helium, computational\nresults have accuracies that exceed the best experimental data by at least one\norder of magnitude and are suitable to be used in primary metrology. The\navailability of ab initio virial and transport coefficients contributed to the\nrecent SI definition of temperature by facilitating measurements of the\nBoltzmann constant with unprecedented accuracy. Presently, they enable the\ndevelopment of primary standards of temperature in the range 2.5-552 K and\npressure up to 7 MPa using acoustic gas thermometry, dielectric constant gas\nthermometry, and refractive index gas thermometry. These approaches will be\nreviewed, highlighting the effect of first-principles data on their accuracy.\nThe recent advances in electronic structure calculations that enabled highly\naccurate solutions for the many-body interaction potentials and\npolarizabilities of atoms - particularly helium - will be described, together\nwith the subsequent computational methods, most often based on quantum\nstatistical mechanics and its path-integral formulation, that provide\nthermophysical properties and their uncertainties. Similar approaches for\nmolecular systems, and their applications, are briefly discussed. Current\nlimitations and expected future lines of research are assessed.",
        "positive": "Statistical physics of inhomogeneous transport: Unification of diffusion\n  laws and inference from first-passage statistics: Characterization of composite materials, whose properties vary in space over\nmicroscopic scales, has become a problem of broad interdisciplinary interest.\nIn particular, estimation of the inhomogeneous transport coefficients, e.g. the\ndiffusion coefficient or the heat conductivity which shape important processes\nin biology and engineering, is a challenging task. The analysis of such systems\nis further complicated, because two alternative formulations of the\ninhomogeneous transport equations exist in the literature -- the Smoluchowski\nand Fokker-Planck equations, which are also related to the so-called\nIto-Stratonovich dilemma. Using the theory of statistical physics, we show that\nthe two formulations, usually regarded as distinct models, are physically\nequivalent. From this result we develop efficient estimates for the transverse\nspace-dependent diffusion coefficient in fluids near a phase boundary. Our\nmethod requires only measurements of escape probabilities and mean exit times\nof molecules leaving a narrow spatial region. We test our estimates in three\ncase studies: (i) a Langevin model of a Buettikker-Landauer ratchet; atomistic\nmolecular-dynamics simulations of liquid-water molecules in contact with (ii)\nvapor and (iii) soap (surfactant) film which has promising applications in\nphysical chemistry. Our analysis reveals that near the surfactant monolayer the\nmobility of water molecules is slowed down almost twice with respect to the\nbulk liquid. Moreover, the diffusion coefficient of water correlates with the\ntransition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic parts of the film."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ubiquitous power law scaling in nonlinear self-excited Hawkes processes: The origin(s) of the ubiquity of probability distribution functions (PDF)\nwith power law tails is still a matter of fascination and investigation in many\nscientific fields from linguistic, social, economic, computer sciences to\nessentially all natural sciences. In parallel, self-excited dynamics is a\nprevalent characteristic of many systems, from the physics of shot noise and\nintermittent processes, to seismicity, financial and social systems. Motivated\nby activation processes of the Arrhenius form, we bring the two threads\ntogether by introducing a general class of nonlinear self-excited point\nprocesses with fast-accelerating intensities as a function of \"tension\".\nSolving the corresponding master equations, we find that a wide class of such\nnonlinear Hawkes processes have the PDF of their intensities described by a\npower law on the condition that (i) the intensity is a fast-accelerating\nfunction of tension, (ii) the distribution of marks is two-sided with\nnon-positive mean, and (iii) it has fast-decaying tails. In particular, Zipf's\nscaling is obtained in the limit where the average mark is vanishing. This\nunearths a novel mechanism for power laws including Zipf's law, providing a new\nunderstanding of their ubiquity.",
        "positive": "Spatiotemporal Self-Organization of Fluctuating Bacterial Colonies: We model an enclosed system of bacteria, whose motility-induced phase\nseparation is coupled to slow population dynamics. Without noise, the system\nshows both static phase separation and a limit cycle, in which a rising global\npopulation causes a dense bacterial colony to form, which then declines by\nlocal cell death, before dispersing to re-initiate the cycle. Adding\nfluctuations, we find that static colonies are now metastable, moving between\nspatial locations via rare and strongly nonequilibrium pathways, whereas the\nlimit cycle becomes almost periodic such that after each redispersion event the\nnext colony forms in a random location. These results, which hint at some\naspects of the biofilm-planktonic life cycle, can be explained by combining\ntools from large deviation theory with a bifurcation analysis in which the\nglobal population density plays the role of control parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the interpretation of \"off the edge\" avalanches: We establish both experimentally and theoretically the relation between off\nthe edge and internal avalanches in a sandpile model, a central issue in the\ninterpretation of most experiments in these systems. In BTW simulations and\nalso in the experiments the size distributions of internal avalanches show\npower laws and critical exponents related with the dimension of the system. We\nshow that, in a SOC scenario, the distributions of off the edge avalanches do\nnot show power laws but follow scaling relations with critical exponents\ndifferent from their analogous for the internal avalanche distributions.",
        "positive": "A Rigorous Derivation of the Entropy Bound and the Nature of Entropy\n  Variation for Non-equilibrium Systems during Cooling: We use rigorous non-equilibrium thermodynamic arguments to prove (i) the\nresidual entropy of any system is bounded below by the experimentally\n(calorimetrically) determined absolute temperature entropy, which itself is\nbounded below by the entropy of the corresponding equilibrium (metastable\nsupercooled liquid) state, and (ii) the instantaneous entropy cannot drop below\nthat of the equilibrium state. The theorems follow from the second law and the\nexistence of internal equilibrium and refer to the thermodynamic entropy. They\ngo beyond the calorimetric observations by Johari and Khouri [J. Chem. Phys.\n134, 034515 (2011)] and others by extending them to all non-equilibrium systems\nregardless of how far they are from their equilibrium states. We also discuss\nthe statistical interpretation of the thermodynamic entropy and show that the\nconventional Gibbs or Boltzmann interpretation gives the correct thermodynamic\nentropy even for a single sample regardless of the duration of measurements."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information Thermodynamics: Maxwell's Demon in Nonequilibrium Dynamics: We review theory of information thermodynamics which incorporates effects of\nmeasurement and feedback into nonequilibrium thermodynamics of a small system,\nand discuss how the second law of thermodynamics should be extended for such\nsituations. We address the issue of the maximum work that can be extracted from\nthe system in the presence of a feedback controller (Maxwell's demon) and\nprovide a few illustrative examples. We also review a recent experiment that\nrealized a Maxwell's demon based on a feedback-controlled ratchet.",
        "positive": "Measuring preferential attachment for evolving networks: A key ingredient of current models proposed to capture the topological\nevolution of complex networks is the hypothesis that highly connected nodes\nincrease their connectivity faster than their less connected peers, a\nphenomenon called preferential attachment. Measurements on four networks,\nnamely the science citation network, Internet, actor collaboration and science\ncoauthorship network indicate that the rate at which nodes acquire links\ndepends on the node's degree, offering direct quantitative support for the\npresence of preferential attachment. We find that for the first two systems the\nattachment rate depends linearly on the node degree, while for the latter two\nthe dependence follows a sublinear power law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Irreversible growth of binary mixtures on small-world networks: Binary mixtures growing on small-world networks under far-from-equilibrium\nconditions are studied by means of extensive Monte Carlo simulations. For any\npositive value of the shortcut fraction of the network ($p>0$), the system\nundergoes a continuous order-disorder phase transition, while it is noncritical\nin the regular lattice limit ($p=0$). Using finite-size scaling relations, the\nphase diagram is obtained in the thermodynamic limit and the critical exponents\nare evaluated. The small-world networks are thus shown to trigger criticality,\na remarkable phenomenon which is analogous to similar observations reported\nrecently in the investigation of equilibrium systems.",
        "positive": "Geometrical interpretation of the Casimir effect: Casimir forces are a manifestation of the change in the zero-point energy of\nthe vacuum caused by the insertion of boundaries. We show how the Casimir force\ncan be efficiently computed by consideration of the vacuum fluctuations that\nare suppressed by the boundaries, and rederive the scalar Casimir effects for a\nseries of the Dirichlet geometries. For the planar case a finite universal\nforce is automatically found. Consistent with other calculations of the effect,\nfor curved geometries divergent (non-universal) expressions are encountered.\nThey are interpreted geometrically following Candelas and Deutsch (1979) as\nlargely due to the divergent self-energy of the boundary contributing to the\nforce. This viewpoint is supported by explicit calculations for a\nwedge-circular arc geometry in two dimensions where non-universal and universal\ncontributions into the effect can be unambiguously separated. We also give a\nheuristic derivation of the purely geometrical expression (Sen, 1981) for the\nnon-universal piece of the Casimir energy due to an arbitrary smooth\ntwo-dimensional Dirichlet boundary of a compact region."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cumulants of the three state Potts model and of nonequilibrium models\n  with C3v symmetry: The critical behavior of two-dimensional stochastic lattice gas models with\nC3v symmetry is analyzed. We study the cumulants of the order parameter for the\nthree state (equilibrium) Potts model and for two irreversible models whose\ndynamic rules are invariant under the symmetry operations of the point group\nC3v. By means of extensive numerical analysis of the phase transition we show\nthat irreversibility does not affect the critical behavior of the systems. In\nparticular we find that the Binder reduced fourth order cumulant takes a\nuniversal value U* which is the same for the three state Potts model and for\nthe irreversible models. The same universal behavior is observed for the\nreduced third-order cumulant.",
        "positive": "Ground State Entropy of the Potts Antiferromagnet with\n  Next-Nearest-Neighbor Spin-Spin Couplings on Strips of the Square Lattice: We present exact calculations of the zero-temperature partition function\n(chromatic polynomial) and $W(q)$, the exponent of the ground-state entropy,\nfor the $q$-state Potts antiferromagnet with next-nearest-neighbor spin-spin\ncouplings on square lattice strips, of width $L_y=3$ and $L_y=4$ vertices and\narbitrarily great length $L_x$ vertices, with both free and periodic boundary\nconditions. The resultant values of $W$ for a range of physical $q$ values are\ncompared with each other and with the values for the full 2D lattice. These\nresults give insight into the effect of such non-nearest neighbor couplings on\nthe ground state entropy. We show that the $q=2$ (Ising) and $q=4$ Potts\nantiferromagnets have zero-temperature critical points on the $L_x \\to \\infty$\nlimits of the strips that we study. With the generalization of $q$ from\n${\\mathbb Z}_+$ to ${\\mathbb C}$, we determine the analytic structure of $W(q)$\nin the $q$ plane for the various cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Frustrated magnetism of spin-1/2 Heisenberg diamond and octahedral\n  chains as a statistical-mechanical monomer-dimer problem: It is evidenced that effective lattice-gas models of hard-core monomers and\ndimers afford a proper description of low-temperature features of spin-1/2\nHeisenberg diamond and octahedral chains. Besides monomeric particles assigned\nwithin the localized-magnon theory to bound one- and two-magnon eigenstates,\nthe effective monomer-dimer lattice-gas model additionally includes dimeric\nparticles assigned to a singlet-tetramer (singlet-hexamer) state as a\ncornerstone of dimer-tetramer (tetramer-hexamer) ground state of a spin-1/2\nHeisenberg diamond (octahedral) chain. A feasibility of the effective\ndescription is confirmed through the exact diagonalization and\nfinite-temperature Lanczos methods. Both quantum spin chains display rich\nground-state phase diagrams including discontinuous as well as continuous\nfield-driven phase transitions, whereby the specific heat shows in vicinity of\nthe former phase transitions an extraordinary low-temperature peak coming from\na highly-degenerate manifold of low-lying excitations.",
        "positive": "Dumping Topological Charges on Neighbors: Ice Manifolds for Colloids and\n  Vortices: We investigate the recently reported analogies between pinned vortices in\nnano-structured superconductors or colloids in optical traps, and spin ice\nmaterials. The frustration of colloids and vortices differs essentially from\nspin ice. However, their effective energetics is made identical by the\ncontribution of an emergent field associated to the topological charge, thus\nleading to a (quasi) ice manifold for lattices of even (odd) coordination. The\nequivalence extends to the local low-energy dynamics of the ice manifold, where\nthe effect of geometric hard constraints can be subsumed into the spatial\nmodulation of the emergent field, which mediates an entropic interaction\nbetween topological charges. There, as in spin ice materials, genuine ice\nmanifolds enter a Coulomb phase, whereas quasi-ice manifolds posses a well\ndefined screening length, provided by a plasma of embedded topological charges.\nThe equivalence between the two systems breaks down in lattices of mixed\ncoordination because of topological charge transfer between sub-latices. We\ndiscuss extensions to social and economical networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bi-Composability and Generalized Entropy Composition with Different q\n  Indices: This paper has been withdrawn by the author and the content is merged into a\nnew paper: H-Theorem and Generalized Entropy Composition with Different q\nIndices: cond-mat/9912454.",
        "positive": "Universality in the one-dimensional chain of phase-coupled oscillators: We apply a recently developed renormalization group (RG) method to study\nsynchronization in a one-dimensional chain of phase-coupled oscillators in the\nregime of weak randomness. The RG predicts how oscillators with randomly\ndistributed frequencies and couplings form frequency-synchronized clusters.\nAlthough the RG was originally intended for strong randomness, i.e. for\ndistributions with long tails, we find good agreement with numerical\nsimulations even in the regime of weak randomness. We use the RG flow to derive\nhow the correlation length scales with the width of the coupling distribution\nin the limit of large coupling. This leads to the identification of a\nuniversality class of distributions with the same critical exponent $\\nu$. We\nalso find universal scaling for small coupling. Finally, we show that the RG\nflow is characterized by a universal approach to the unsynchronized fixed\npoint, which provides physical insight into low-frequency clusters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Normal heat conductivity in chains capable of dissociation: The paper suggests a resolution for recent controversy over convergence of\nheat conductivity in one-dimensional chains with asymmetric nearest-neighbor\npotential. We conjecture that the convergence is promoted not by the mere\nasymmetry of the potential, but due to ability of the chain to dissociate. In\nother terms, the attractive part of the potential function should approach a\nfinite value as the distance between the neighbors grows. To clarify this\npoint, we study the simplest model of this sort -- a chain of linearly elastic\ndisks with finite diameter. If the distance between the disk centers exceeds\ntheir diameter, the disks cease to interact. Formation of gaps between the\ndisks is the only possible mechanism for scattering of the oscillatory waves.\nHeat conduction in this system turns out to be convergent. Moreover, an\nasymptotic behavior of the heat conduction coefficient for the case of large\ndensities and relatively low temperatures obeys simple Arrhenius-type law. In\nthe limit of low densities, the heat conduction coefficient converges due to\ntriple disk collisions. Numeric observations in both limits are grounded by\nanalytic arguments. In a chain with Lennard-Jones nearest-neighbor potential\nthe heat conductivity also saturates in a thermodynamic limit and the\ncoefficient also scales according to the Arrhenius law for low temperatures.\nThis finding points on a universal role played by the possibility of\ndissociation, as convergence of the heat conduction coefficient is considered.",
        "positive": "Remarks on Bootstrap Percolation in Metric Networks: We examine bootstrap percolation in d-dimensional, directed metric graphs in\nthe context of recent measurements of firing dynamics in 2D neuronal cultures.\nThere are two regimes, depending on the graph size N. Large metric graphs are\nignited by the occurrence of critical nuclei, which initially occupy an\ninfinitesimal fraction, f_* -> 0, of the graph and then explode throughout a\nfinite fraction. Smaller metric graphs are effectively random in the sense that\ntheir ignition requires the initial ignition of a finite, unlocalized fraction\nof the graph, f_* >0. The crossover between the two regimes is at a size N_*\nwhich scales exponentially with the connectivity range \\lambda like_* \\sim\n\\exp\\lambda^d. The neuronal cultures are finite metric graphs of size N \\simeq\n10^5-10^6, which, for the parameters of the experiment, is effectively random\nsince N<< N_*. This explains the seeming contradiction in the observed finite\nf_* in these cultures. Finally, we discuss the dynamics of the firing front."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ultra-slow dynamics in a translationally invariant spin model for\n  multiplication and factorization: We construct a model of short-range interacting Ising spins on a\ntranslationally invariant two-dimensional lattice that mimics a reversible\ncircuit that multiplies or factorizes integers, depending on the choice of\nboundary conditions. We prove that, for open boundary conditions, the model\nexhibits no finite-temperature phase transition. Yet we find that it displays\nglassy dynamics with astronomically slow relaxation times, numerically\nconsistent with a double exponential dependence on the inverse temperature. The\nslowness of the dynamics arises due to errors that occur during thermal\nannealing that cost little energy but flip an extensive number of spins. We\nargue that the energy barrier that needs to be overcome in order to heal such\ndefects scales linearly with the correlation length, which diverges\nexponentially with inverse temperature, thus yielding the double exponential\nbehavior of the relaxation time.",
        "positive": "Stochastic invertible mappings between power law and Gaussian\n  probability distributions: We construct \"stochastic mappings\" between power law probability\ndistributions (PD's) and Gaussian ones. To a given vector $N$, Gaussian\ndistributed (respectively $Z$, exponentially distributed), one can associate a\nvector $X$, \"power law distributed\", by multiplying $X$ by a random scalar\nvariable $a$, $N= a X$. This mapping is \"invertible\": one can go via\nmultiplication by another random variable $b$ from $X$ to $N$ (resp. from $X$\nto $Z$), i.e., $X=b N$ (resp. $X=b Z$). Note that all the above equalities mean\n\"is distributed as\". As an application of this stochastic mapping we revisit\nthe so-called \"zero-th law of thermodynamics problem\" that bedevils the\npractitioners of nonextensive thermostatistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pushing run-and-tumble particles through a rugged channel: We analyze the case of run-and-tumble particles pushed through a rugged\nchannel both in the continuum and on the lattice. The current characteristic is\nnon-monotone in the external field with (1) the appearance of a current and\nnontrivial density profile even at zero field for asymmetric obstacles, (2) the\ncurrent decreasing with persistence at small field and increasing with\npersistence at large field. Activity in terms of self-propulsion increases the\nmaximal current and postpones dying. We give an effective theoretical\ndescription with wider validity.",
        "positive": "Critical Casimir Force between Inhomogeneous Boundaries: To study the critical Casimir force between chemically structured boundaries\nimmersed in a binary mixture at its demixing transition, we consider a strip of\nIsing spins subject to alternating fixed spin boundary conditions. The system\nexhibits a boundary induced phase transition as function of the relative amount\nof up and down boundary spins. This transition is associated with a sign change\nof the asymptotic force and a diverging correlation length that sets the scale\nfor the crossover between different universal force amplitudes. Using conformal\nfield theory and a mapping to Majorana fermions, we obtain the universal\nscaling function of this crossover, and the force at short distances."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface Coverage Dynamics for Reversible Dissociative Adsorption on\n  Finite Linear Lattices: Dissociative adsorption onto a surface introduces dynamic correlations\nbetween neighboring sites not found in non-dissociative absorption. We study\nsurface coverage dynamics where reversible dissociative adsorption of dimers\noccurs on a finite linear lattice. We derive analytic expressions for the\nequilibrium surface coverage as a function of the number of reactive sites,\n$N$, and the ratio of the adsorption and desorption rates. Using these results,\nwe characterize the finite size effect on the equilibrium surface coverage. For\ncomparable $N$'s, the finite size effect is significantly larger when $N$ is\neven than when $N$ is odd. Moreover, as $N$ increases, the size effect decays\nmore slowly in the even case than in the odd case. The finite-size effect\nbecomes significant when adsorption and desorption rates are considerably\ndifferent. These finite-size effects are related to the number of accessible\nconfigurations in a finite system where the odd-even dependence arises from the\nlimited number of accessible configurations in the even case. We confirm our\nanalytical results with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. We also analyze the\nsurface-diffusion case where adsorbed atoms can hop into neighboring sites. As\nexpected, the odd-even dependence disappears because more configurations are\naccessible in the even case due to surface diffusion.",
        "positive": "Exchange of stability as a function of system size in a nonequilibrium\n  system: In equilibrium systems with short-ranged interactions, the relative stability\nof different thermodynamic states generally does not depend on system size (as\nlong as this size is larger than the interaction range). Here, we use a large\ndeviations approach to show that, in contrast, different states can exchange\nstability as system size is varied in a driven, bistable reaction-diffusion\nsystem. This striking effect is related to a shift from a spatially uniform to\na nonuniform transition state and should generically be possible in a wide\nrange of nonequilibrium physical and biological systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the maximum entropy principle in non-extensive thermostatistics: It is possible to derive the maximum entropy principle from thermodynamic\nstability requirements. Using as a starting point the equilibrium probability\ndistribution, currently used in non-extensive thermostatistics, it turns out\nthat the relevant entropy function is Renyi's alpha-entropy, and not Tsallis'\nentropy.",
        "positive": "Translation invariant extensions of finite volume measures: We investigate the following questions: Given a measure $\\mu_\\Lambda$ on\nconfigurations on a subset $\\Lambda$ of a lattice $\\mathbb{L}$, where a\nconfiguration is an element of $\\Omega^\\Lambda$ for some fixed set $\\Omega$,\ndoes there exist a measure $\\mu$ on configurations on all of $\\mathbb{L}$,\ninvariant under some specified symmetry group of $\\mathbb{L}$, such that\n$\\mu_\\Lambda$ is its marginal on configurations on $\\Lambda$? When the answer\nis yes, what are the properties, e.g., the entropies, of such measures? Our\nprimary focus is the case in which $\\mathbb{L}=\\mathbb{Z}^d$ and the symmetries\nare the translations. For the case in which $\\Lambda$ is an interval in\n$\\mathbb{Z}$ we give a simple necessary and sufficient condition, local\ntranslation invariance (LTI), for extendibility. For LTI measures we construct\nextensions having maximal entropy, which we show are Gibbs measures; this\nconstruction extends to the case in which $\\mathbb{L}$ is the Bethe lattice. On\n$\\mathbb{Z}$ we also consider extensions supported on periodic configurations,\nwhich are analyzed using de~Bruijn graphs and which include the extensions with\nminimal entropy. When $\\Lambda\\subset\\mathbb{Z}$ is not an interval, or when\n$\\Lambda\\subset\\mathbb{Z}^d$ with $d>1$, the LTI condition is necessary but not\nsufficient for extendibility. For $\\mathbb{Z}^d$ with $d>1$, extendibility is\nin some sense undecidable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal critical properties of the Eulerian bond-cubic model: We investigate the Eulerian bond-cubic model on the square lattice by means\nof Monte Carlo simulations, using an efficient cluster algorithm and a\nfinite-size scaling analysis. The critical points and four critical exponents\nof the model are determined for several values of $n$. Two of the exponents are\nfractal dimensions, which are obtained numerically for the first time. Our\nresults are consistent with the Coulomb gas predictions for the critical O($n$)\nbranch for $n < 2$ and the results obtained by previous transfer matrix\ncalculations. For $n=2$, we find that the thermal exponent, the magnetic\nexponent and the fractal dimension of the largest critical Eulerian bond\ncomponent are different from those of the critical O(2) loop model. These\nresults confirm that the cubic anisotropy is marginal at $n=2$ but irrelevant\nfor $n<2$.",
        "positive": "Long-range correlations in the statistical theory of critical fluid: Using the approach formulated in the previous papers of the author, a\nconsistent procedure is developed for calculating non-classical asymptotic\npower terms in the total and the direct correlation functions of a critical\nfluid. Analyzing the Ornstein-Zernike equation allows us to find, for the first\ntime, the values of transcendental exponents 1.73494 and 2.26989 which\ndetermine the asymptotic terms next to the leading one in the total correlation\nfunction. It is shown that already the simplest approximation based on only two\nasymptotic terms leads to the correlation functions, which are quantitatively\nclose to the corresponding ones of the Lennard-Jones fluid (argon) in the\nnear-critical state. The obtained results open a way for consistent theoretical\ninterpretation of the experimental data on the critical characteristics of real\nsubstances. Both the theoretical arguments and analysis of published data on\nthe experimentally measured critical exponents of real fluids lead to the\nconclusion that the known assumption of the sameness of the critical\ncharacteristics of the Ising model and the fluid in the vicinity of critical\npoint (the universality hypothesis) should be questioned."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of Critical Phenomena with Long-Range Temporal Interaction: We develop a systematic theory for the critical phenomena with memory in all\nspatial dimensions, including $d<d_c$, $d=d_c$, and $d>d_c$, the upper critical\ndimension. We show that the Hamiltonian plays a unique role in dynamics and the\ndimensional constant $\\mathfrak{d}_t$ that embodies the intimate relationship\nbetween space and time is the fundamental ingredient of the theory. However,\nits value varies with the space dimension continuously and vanishes exactly at\n$d=4$, reflecting reasonably the variation of the amount of the temporal\ndimension that is transferred to the spatial one with the strength of\nfluctuations. Such variations of the temporal dimension save all scaling laws\nthough the fluctuation-dissipation theorem is violated. Various new\nuniversality classes emerge.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of interacting hard rods on a lattice: We present an exact derivation of the isobaric partition function of lattice\nhard rods with arbitrary nearest neighbor interactions. Free energy and all\nthermodynamics functions are derived accordingly and they written in a form\nthat is a suitable for numerical implementation. As an application, we have\nconsidered lattice rods with pure hard core interactions, rods with long range\ngravitational attraction and finally a charged hard rods with charged\nboundaries (Bose gas), a model that is relevant for studying several phenomena\nsuch as charge regulation, ionic liquids near charged interfaces, and an array\nof charged smectic layers or lipid multilayers. In all cases, thermodynamic\nanalysis have been done numerically using the Broyden algorithm."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium thermodynamics with thermodynamic parameter of lifetime\n  of system. II. Possibilities of increase lifetime: The thermodynamics is studied with the thermodynamic parameter of the\nlifetime, first-passage time, generalizing the equilibrium thermodynamics.\nVarious ways of describing several stationary nonequilibrium states in the\nsystem are considered. The possibilities of increasing the lifetime of the\nsystem under external influences on it are investigated.",
        "positive": "Numerical evaluation of the Gauss hypergeometric function:\n  Implementation and application to Schramm-Loewner evolution: Numerical studies of fractal curves in the plane often focus on subtle\ngeometrical properties such as their left passage probability. Schramm-Loewner\nevolution (SLE) is a mathematical framework which makes explicit predictions\nfor such features of curve ensembles. The SLE prediction for the left passage\nprobability contains the Gauss hypergeometric function ${}_2F_1$. To perform\ncomputational SLE studies it is therefore necessary to have a method for\nnumerical evaluation of ${}_2F_1$ in the relevant parameter regime. In some\ninstances, commercial software provides suitable tools, but freely available\nimplementations are rare and are usually unable to handle the parameter ranges\nneeded for the left passage probability. We discuss different approaches to\novercome this problem and also provide a ready-to-use implementation of one\nconceptually transparent method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Comparison of a Cellular Automaton and a Macroscopic Model: In this paper we describe a relation between a microscopic stochastic traffic\ncellular automaton model (i.e., the STCA) and the macroscopic first-order\ncontinuum model (i.e., the LWR model). The innovative aspect is that we\nexplicitly incorporate the STCA's stochasticity in the construction of the\nfundamental diagram used by the LWR model. We apply our methodology to a small\ncase study, giving a comparison of both models, based on simulations,\nnumerical, and analytical calculations of their tempo-spatial behavior.",
        "positive": "Response Functions to Critical Shocks in Social Sciences: An Empirical\n  and Numerical Study: We show that, provided one focuses on properly selected episodes, one can\napply to the social sciences the same observational strategy that has proved\nsuccessful in natural sciences such as astrophysics or geodynamics. For\ninstance, in order to probe the cohesion of a policy, one can, in different\ncountries, study the reactions to some huge and sudden exogenous shocks, which\nwe call Dirac shocks. This approach naturally leads to the notion of structural\n(as opposed or complementary to temporal) forecast. Although structural\npredictions are by far the most common way to test theories in the natural\nsciences, they have been much less used in the social sciences. The Dirac shock\napproach opens the way to testing structural predictions in the social\nsciences. The examples reported here suggest that critical events are able to\nreveal pre-existing ``cracks'' because they probe the social cohesion which is\nan indicator and predictor of future evolution of the system, and in some cases\nforeshadows a bifurcation. We complement our empirical work with numerical\nsimulations of the response function (``damage spreading'') to Dirac shocks in\nthe Sznajd model of consensus build-up. We quantify the slow relaxation of the\ndifference between perturbed and unperturbed systems, the conditions under\nwhich the consensus is modified by the shock and the large variability from one\nrealization to another."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reaction-drift-diffusion models from master equations: application to\n  material defects: We present a general method to produce well-conditioned continuum\nreaction-drift-diffusion equations directly from master equations on a\ndiscrete, periodic state space. We assume the underlying data to be kinetic\nMonte Carlo models (i.e., continuous-time Markov chains) produced from atomic\nsampling of point defects in locally periodic environments, such as perfect\nlattices, ordered surface structures or dislocation cores, possibly under the\ninfluence of a slowly varying external field. Our approach also applies to any\ndiscrete, periodic Markov chain. The analysis identifies a previously omitted\nnon-equilibrium drift term, present even in the absence of external forces,\nwhich can compete in magnitude with the reaction rates, thus being essential to\ncorrectly capture the kinetics. To remove fast modes which hinder time\nintegration, we use a generalized Bloch relation to efficiently calculate the\neigenspectrum of the master equation. A well conditioned continuum equation\nthen emerges by searching for spectral gaps in the long wavelength limit, using\nan established kinetic clustering algorithm (e.g., PCCA+) to define a proper\nreduced state space.",
        "positive": "Instabilities in moderately dense granular binary mixtures: A linear stability analysis of the Navier-Stokes (NS) granular hydrodynamic\nequations is performed to determine the critical length scale for the onset of\nvortices and clusters instabilities in granular dense binary mixtures. In\ncontrast to previous attempts, our results (which are based on the solution to\nthe inelastic Enskog equation to NS order) are not restricted to nearly elastic\nsystems since they take into account the complete nonlinear dependence of the\nNS transport coefficients on the coefficients of restitution $\\alpha_{ij}$. The\ntheoretical predictions for the critical length scales are compared to\nmolecular dynamics (MD) simulations in flows of strong dissipation\n($\\alpha_{ij}\\geq 0.7$) and moderate solid volume fractions ($\\phi\\leq 0.2$).\nWe find excellent agreement between MD and kinetic theory for the onset of\nvelocity vortices, indicating the applicability of NS hydrodynamics to\npolydisperse flows even for strong inelasticity, finite density, and particle\ndissimilarity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variable Order Fractional Fokker-Planck Equations derived from\n  Continuous Time Random Walks: Continuous Time Random Walk models (CTRW) of anomalous diffusion are studied,\nwhere the anomalous exponent $\\beta(x) \\in (0,1)$ varies in space. This type of\nsituation occurs e.g. in biophysics, where the density of the intracellular\nmatrix varies throughout a cell. Scaling limits of CTRWs are known to have\nprobability distributions which solve fractional Fokker-Planck type equations\n(FFPE). This correspondence between stochastic processes and FFPE solutions has\nmany useful extensions e.g. to nonlinear particle interactions and reactions,\nbut has not yet been sufficiently developed for FFPEs of the\"variable order\"\ntype with non-constant $\\beta(x)$.\n  In this article, variable order FFPEs (VOFFPE) are derived from scaling\nlimits of CTRWs. The key mathematical tool is the 1-1 correspondence of a CTRW\nscaling limit to a bivariate Langevin process, which tracks the cumulative sum\nof jumps in one component and the cumulative sum of waiting times in the other.\nThe spatially varying anomalous exponent is modelled by spatially varying\n$\\beta(x)$-stable L\\'evy noise in the waiting time component. The VOFFPE\ndisplays a spatially heterogeneous temporal scaling behaviour, with generalized\ndiffusivity and drift coefficients whose units are length$^2$/time$^{\\beta(x)}$\nresp. length/time$^{\\beta(x)}$. A global change of the time scale results in a\nspatially varying change in diffusivity and drift.\n  A consequence of the mathematical derivation of a VOFFPE from CTRW limits in\nthis article is that a solution of a VOFFPE can be approximated via Monte Carlo\nsimulations. Based on such simulations, we are able to confirm that the VOFFPE\nis consistent under a change of the global time scale.",
        "positive": "Bayesian deep learning for error estimation in the analysis of anomalous\n  diffusion: Modern single-particle-tracking techniques produce extensive time-series of\ndiffusive motion in a wide variety of systems, from single-molecule motion in\nliving-cells to movement ecology. The quest is to decipher the physical\nmechanisms encoded in the data and thus to better understand the probed\nsystems. We here augment recently proposed machine-learning techniques for\ndecoding anomalous-diffusion data to include an uncertainty estimate in\naddition to the predicted output. To avoid the Black-Box-Problem a\nBayesian-Deep-Learning technique named Stochastic-Weight-Averaging-Gaussian is\nused to train models for both the classification of the diffusion model and the\nregression of the anomalous diffusion exponent of single-particle-trajectories.\nEvaluating their performance, we find that these models can achieve a\nwell-calibrated error estimate while maintaining high prediction accuracies. In\nthe analysis of the output uncertainty predictions we relate these to\nproperties of the underlying diffusion models, thus providing insights into the\nlearning process of the machine and the relevance of the output."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Order Parameter to Characterize Valence-Bond-Solid States in Quantum\n  Spin Chains: We propose an order parameter to characterize valence-bond-solid (VBS) states\nin quantum spin chains, given by the ground-state expectation value of a\nunitary operator appearing in the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis argument. We show that\nthe order parameter changes the sign according to the number of valence bonds\n(broken valence bonds) at the boundary for periodic (open) systems. This allows\nus to determine the phase transition point in between different VBS states. We\ndemonstrate this theory in the successive dimerization transitions of the\nbond-alternating Heisenberg chains, using the quantum Monte Carlo method.",
        "positive": "On relativistic temperature: I revisit the long-running controversy as to the transformation properties of\ntemperature under Lorentz transformations, and argue that, contrary to\nwidespread views in some parts of the literature, `relativistic thermodynamics'\nshould not be understood as a generalization to relativistic physics of an\ninitially non-relativistic theory but as an application of a general\nthermodynamic framework, neutral as to its spacetime setting, to the specific\ncase of relativity. More specifically, I observe that the general framework of\nequilibrium thermodynamics incorporates arbitrary conserved quantities in\naddition to energy and that when that framework is applied to systems in which\nmomentum is conserved and can be transferred between systems, it gives rise to\nan unambiguous result as to the thermodynamics of moving (including\nrelativistically moving) systems. This leads to an equally unambiguous\nprediction as to how thermodynamic temperature transforms under Lorentz\ntransformations (an answer coinciding with Einstein's, and Planck's, original\nresults.) That said, one can identify within this framework other quantities\nwhich play a temperature-like role and have different transformation\nproperties; at some level it is a matter of convention and semantics which is\n`the' temperature. I conclude with some brief remarks about the situation in\ngeneral relativity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topology of Cell-Aggregated Planar Graphs: We present new algorithm for growth of non-clustered planar graphs by\naggregation of cells with given distribution of size and constraint of\nconnectivity k=3 per node. The emergent graph structures are controlled by two\nparameters--chemical potential of the cell aggregation and the width of the\ncell size distribution. We compute several statistical properties of these\ngraphs--fractal dimension of the perimeter, distribution of shortest paths\nbetween pairs of nodes and topological betweenness of nodes and links. We show\nhow these topological properties depend on the control parameters of the\naggregation process and discuss their relevance for the conduction of current\nin self-assembled nanopatterns.",
        "positive": "Progressive quenching - Globally coupled model: We study the processes in which fluctuating elements of a system are\nprogressively fixed (quenched) while keeping the interaction with the remaining\nunfixed elements. If the interaction is global among the Ising spin elements\nand if the unfixed part is re-equilibrated each time after fixing an element,\nthe evolution of large system is martingale about the equilibrium spin value of\nthe unfixed spins. Due to this property the system starting from the critical\npoint yields the final magnetization whose distribution shows non-Gaussian and\nslow transient scaling with the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "History effects in the creep of a disordered brittle material: We study the creep behavior of a disordered brittle material (concrete) under\nsuccessive loading steps, using acoustic emission and ultrasonic sensing to\ntrack internal damage. The primary creep rate is observed to follow a\n(Omori-type) power-law decay in the strain rate, the number of acoustic\nemission events as well as the amplitudes of the ultrasonic beams, supporting a\nbrittle-creep mechanism. The main outcome is however the discovery of\nunexpected history effects that make the material less prone to creep when it\nhas been previously deformed and damaged under primary creep at a lower applied\nstress. With the help of a progressive damage model implementing thermal\nactivation, we interpret this as an aging-under-stress phenomenon: during an\ninitial creep step at relatively low applied stress, the easy-to-damage sites\nare exhausted first, depleting the excitation spectrum at low stress gap\nvalues. Consequently, upon reloading under a larger applied stress, although\npreviously damaged, the material creeps (and damages) less than it would under\nthe same stress but without pre-creeping. Besides shedding a new light on the\nfundamental physics of creep of disordered brittle materials, this has\nimportant practical consequences in the interpretation of some experimental\nprocedures, such as stress-stepping experiments.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions of Quantum Spin Chains with the\n  Loschmidt-rate Critical Exponent equal to $\\frac{1}{2}$: We describe a new universality class of dynamical quantum phase transitions\nof the Loschmidt amplitude of quantum spin chains off equilibrium criticality.\nWe demonstrate that in many cases it is possible to change the conventional\nlinear singularity of the Loschmidt rate function into a smooth peak by tuning\none parameter of the quench protocol. Exactly at the point when this\nchange-over occurs, the singularity of the Loschmidt rate function persists,\nwith a critical exponent equal to $\\frac{1}{2}$ . The non-equilibrium\nrenormalization group fixed-point controlling this universality class is\ndescribed. An asymptotically exact renormalization group recursion relation is\nderived around this fixed-point to obtain the critical exponent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spinodal curve of a three-component molecular system: We consider a lattice model for three-component systems in which the lattice\nbonds are covered by molecules of type AA, BB, and AB, and the only\ninteractions are between the molecular ends of a common lattice site. The model\nis equivalent to the standard Ising model, and the coexistence curves for\ndifferent lattices and/or some specific form of the interactions have been\npreviously investigated. We derive the spinodal curve of the three-component\nmodel on the honeycomb lattice based on the mean-field and Bethe-lattice\nresults of the equivalent Ising model. The spinodal and the coexistence curves\nof the ternary solution are drawn at different values of the reduced\ntemperature, the only parameter of the model. The particular case of a\ntwo-component system is also illustrated.",
        "positive": "Three-body Casimir effects and non-monotonic forces: Casimir interactions are not pair-wise additive. This property leads to\ncollective effects that we study for a pair of objects near a conducting wall.\nWe employ a scattering approach to compute the interaction in terms of\nfluctuating multipoles. The wall can lead to a non-monotonic force between the\nobjects. For two atoms with anisotropic electric and magnetic dipole\npolarizabilities we demonstrate that this non-monotonic effect results from a\ncompetition between two- and three body interactions. By including higher order\nmultipoles we obtain the force between two macroscopic metallic spheres for a\nwide range of sphere separations and distances to the wall."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of attractive interactions in the thermodynamic, dynamic and\n  structural anomalies of a two length scale potential: Using molecular dynamic simulations we study a system of particles\ninteracting through a continuous core-softened potentials consisting of a hard\ncore, a shoulder at closest distances and an attractive well at further\ndistance. We obtain the pressure-temperature phase diagram of of this system\nfor various depths of the tunable attractive well. Since this is a two length\nscales potential, density, diffusion and structural anomalies are expected. We\nshow that the effect of increasing the attractive interaction between the\nmolecules is to shrink the region in pressure in which the density and the\ndiffusion anomalies are present. If the attractive forces are too strong,\nparticle will be predominantly in one of the two length scales and no density\nof diffusion anomaly is observed. The structural anomalous region is present\nfor all the cases.",
        "positive": "Current operators in integrable spin chains: lessons from long range\n  deformations: We consider the finite volume mean values of current operators in integrable\nspin chains with local interactions, and provide an alternative derivation of\nthe exact result found recently by the author and two collaborators. We use a\ncertain type of long range deformation of the local spin chains, which was\ndiscovered and explored earlier in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence.\nThis method is immediately applicable also to higher rank models: as a concrete\nexample we derive the current mean values in the SU(3)-symmetric fundamental\nmodel, solvable by the nested Bethe Ansatz. The exact results take the same\nform as in the Heisenberg spin chains: they involve the one-particle\neigenvalues of the conserved charges and the inverse of the Gaudin matrix."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time Evolution of a Supply Chain Network: Kinetic Modeling: Resilient supply chains are often inherently dependent on the nature of their\ncomplex interconnected networks that are simultaneously multi-dimensional and\nmulti-layered. This article presents a Supply Chain Network (SCN) model that\ncan be used to regulate downstream relationships towards a sustainable SME\nusing a 4-component cost function structure - Environmental (E), Demand (D),\nEconomic (E), and Social (S). As a major generalization to the existing\npractice of using phenomenological interrelationships between the EDES cost\nkernels, we propose a complementary time varying model of a cost function,\nbased on Lagrangian mechanics (incorporating SCN constraints through Lagrange\nmultipliers), to analyze the time evolution of the SCN variables to interpret\nthe competition between economic inertia and market potential. Multicriteria\ndecision making, based on an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), ranks\nperformance quality, identifying key business decision makers. The model is\nfirst solved numerically and then validated against real data pertaining to two\nSmall and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) from diverse domains, establishing the\ndomain-independent nature of the model. The results quantify how increases in a\nproduction line without appropriate consideration of market volatility can lead\nto bankruptcy, and how high transportation cost together with increased\nproduction may lead to a break-even state. The model also predicts the time it\ntakes a policy change to reinvigorate sales, thereby forecasting best practice\noperational procedure that ensures holistic sustainability on all four\nsustainability fronts.",
        "positive": "Low-temperature properties of classical, geometrically frustrated\n  antiferromagnets: We study the ground-state and low-energy properties of classical vector spin\nmodels with nearest-neighbour antiferromagnetic interactions on a class of\ngeometrically frustrated lattices which includes the kagome and pyrochlore\nlattices. We explore the behaviour of these magnets that results from their\nlarge ground-state degeneracies, emphasising universal features and systematic\ndifferences between individual models. We investigate the circumstances under\nwhich thermal fluctuations select a particular subset of the ground states, and\nfind that this happens only for the models with the smallest ground-state\ndegeneracies. For the pyrochlore magnets, we give an explicit construction of\nall ground states, and show that they are not separated by internal energy\nbarriers. We study the precessional spin dynamics of the Heisenberg pyrochlore\nantiferromagnet. There is no freezing transition or selection of preferred\nstates. Instead, the relaxation time at low temperature, T, is of order\nhbar/(k_B T). We argue that this behaviour can also be expected in some other\nsystems, including the Heisenberg model for the compound SrCr_8Ga_4O_{19}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Determinant solution for the TASEP with particle-dependent hopping\n  probabilities on a ring: We consider the totally asymmetric exclusion process on a ring in discrete\ntime with the backward-ordered sequential update and particle-dependent hopping\nprobabilities. Using a combinatorial treatment of the Bethe ansatz, we derive\nthe determinant expression for the non-stationary probability of transitions\nbetween particle configurations. In the continuous-time limit, we find a\ngeneralization of the recent result, obtained by A. R\\'akos and G.M. Sch\\\"utz\nfor infinite lattice, to the case of ring geometry.",
        "positive": "Subdiffusive hydrodynamics of nearly-integrable anisotropic spin chains: We address spin transport in the easy-axis Heisenberg spin chain subject to\nintegrability-breaking perturbations. We find that spin transport is\nsubdiffusive with dynamical exponent $z=4$ up to a timescale that is\nparametrically long in the anisotropy. In the limit of infinite anisotropy,\ntransport is subdiffusive at all times; for large finite anisotropy, one\neventually recovers diffusion at late times, but with a diffusion constant\nindependent of the strength of the integrability breaking perturbation. We\nprovide numerical evidence for these findings, and explain them by adapting the\ngeneralized hydrodynamics framework to nearly integrable dynamics. Our results\nshow that the diffusion constant of near-integrable interacting spin chains is\ngenerically not perturbative in the integrability breaking strength."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic Scaling of an Adsorption-Diffusion Process on Fractals: A dynamic scaling of a diffusion process involving the Langmuir type\nadsorption is studied. We find dynamic scaling functions in one and two\ndimensions and compare them with direct numerical simulations, and we further\nstudy the dynamic scaling law on fractal surfaces. The adsorption-diffusion\nprocess obeys the fracton dynamics on the fractal surfaces.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic uncertainty relation for biomolecular processes: Biomolecular systems like molecular motors or pumps, transcription and\ntranslation machinery, and other enzymatic reactions can be described as Markov\nprocesses on a suitable network. We show quite generally that in a steady state\nthe dispersion of observables like the number of consumed/produced molecules or\nthe number of steps of a motor is constrained by the thermodynamic cost of\ngenerating it. An uncertainty $\\epsilon$ requires at least a cost of\n$2k_BT/\\epsilon^2$ independent of the time required to generate the output."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Indeterminacy in foreign exchange market: We discuss price variations distributions in foreign exchange markets,\ncharacterizing them both in calendar and business time frameworks. The price\ndynamics is found to be the result of two distinct processes, a multi-variance\ndiffusion and an error process. The presence of the latter, which dominates at\nshort time scales, leads to indeterminacy principle in finance. Furthermore,\ndynamics does not allow for a scheme based on independent probability\ndistributions, since volatility exhibits a strong correlation even at the\nshortest time scales.",
        "positive": "Minimizing couplings in renormalization by preserving short-range mutual\n  information: The connections between renormalization in statistical mechanics and\ninformation theory are intuitively evident, but a satisfactory theoretical\ntreatment remains elusive. Recently, Koch-Janusz and Ringel proposed selecting\na real-space renormalization map for classical lattice systems by minimizing\nthe loss of long-range mutual information [Nat. Phys. 14, 578 (2018)]. The\nsuccess of this technique has been related in part to the minimization of\nlong-range couplings in the renormalized Hamiltonian [Lenggenhager et al.,\nPhys. Rev. X 10, 011037 (2020)]. We show that to minimize these couplings the\nrenormalization map should, somewhat counterintuitively, instead be chosen to\nminimize the loss of short-range mutual information between a block and its\nboundary. Moreover, the previous minimization is a relaxation of this approach,\nwhich indicates that the aims of preserving long-range physics and eliminating\nshort-range couplings are related in a nontrivial way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lattice SUSY for the DiSSEP at $\u03bb^2=1$ (and $\u03bb^2 = -3 $): We investigate whether the dynamical lattice supersymmetry discussed for\nvarious Hamiltonians, including one-dimensional quantum spin chains, by Fendley\net.al. and Hagendorf et.al. might also exist for the Markov matrices of any\none-dimensional exclusion processes, since these can be related by conjugation\nto quantum spin chain Hamiltonians. We find that the DiSSEP (Dissipative\nSymmetric Simple Exclusion Process), introduced by Crampe et.al. provides one\nsuch example for suitably chosen parameters. The DiSSEP Markov matrix admits\nthe supersymmetry in these cases because it is conjugate to spin chain\nHamiltonians which also possess the supersymmetry. We note that the\nlength-changing supersymmetry relation for the DiSSEP Markov matrix and the\nsupercharge is reminiscent of a \"transfer matrix\" symmetry that has been\nobserved in other exclusion processes and discuss the similarity.",
        "positive": "Non stationary nucleation: the model with minimal environment: A new model to calculate the rate of nucleation is formulated. This model is\nbased on the classical nucleation theory but considers also vapor depletion\naround the formed embryo. As the result the free energy has to be recalculated\nwhich brings a new expression for the nucleation rate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase-ordering and persistence: relative effects of\n  space-discretization, chaos, and anisotropy: The peculiar phase-ordering properties of a lattice of coupled chaotic maps\nstudied recently (A. Lema\\^\\i tre & H. Chat\\'e, {\\em Phys. Rev. Lett.} {\\bf\n82}, 1140 (1999)) are revisited with the help of detailed investigations of\ninterface motion. It is shown that ``normal'', curvature-driven-like domain\ngrowth is recovered at larger scales than considered before, and that the\npersistence exponent seems to be universal. Using generalized persistence\nspectra, the properties of interface motion in this deterministic, chaotic,\nlattice system are found to ``interpolate'' between those of the two canonical\nreference systems, the (probabilistic) Ising model, and the (deterministic),\nspace-continuous, time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation.",
        "positive": "Supersymmetry and fluctuation relations for currents in closed networks: We demonstrate supersymmetry in the counting statistics of stochastic\nparticle currents and use it to derive exact nonperturbative relations for the\nstatistics of currents induced by arbitrarily fast time-dependent protocols."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two Types of Discontinuous Percolation Transitions in Cluster Merging\n  Processes: Percolation is a paradigmatic model in disordered systems and has been\napplied to various natural phenomena. The percolation transition is known as\none of the most robust continuous transitions. However, recent extensive\nstudies have revealed that a few models exhibit a discontinuous percolation\ntransition (DPT) in cluster merging processes. Unlike the case of continuous\ntransitions, understanding the nature of discontinuous phase transitions\nrequires a detailed study of the system at hand, which has not been undertaken\nyet for DPTs. Here we examine the cluster size distribution immediately before\nan abrupt increase in the order parameter of DPT models and find that DPTs\ninduced by cluster merging kinetics can be classified into two types. Moreover,\nthe type of DPT can be determined by the key characteristic of whether the\ncluster kinetic rule is homogeneous with respect to the cluster sizes. We also\nestablish the necessary conditions for each type of DPT, which can be used\neffectively when the discontinuity of the order parameter is ambiguous, as in\nthe explosive percolation model.",
        "positive": "Boltzmann-Gibbs thermal equilibrium distribution for classical systems\n  and Newton law: A computational discussion: We implement a general numerical calculation that allows for a direct\ncomparison between nonlinear Hamiltonian dynamics and the Boltzmann-Gibbs\ncanonical distribution in Gibbs $\\Gamma$-space. Using paradigmatic\nfirst-neighbor models, namely, the inertial XY ferromagnet and the\nFermi-Pasta-Ulam $\\beta$-model, we show that at intermediate energies the\nBoltzmann-Gibbs equilibrium distribution is a consequence of Newton second law\n(${\\mathbf F}=m{\\mathbf a}$). At higher energies we discuss partial agreement\nbetween time and ensemble averages."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical large deviations for long-range interacting inhomogeneous\n  systems without collective effects: We consider the long-term evolution of an inhomogeneous long-range\ninteracting $N$-body system. Placing ourselves in the dynamically hot limit,\ni.e. neglecting collective effects, we derive a large deviation principle for\nthe system's empirical angle-averaged distribution function. This result\nextends the classical ensemble-averaged kinetic theory given by the so-called\ninhomogeneous Landau equation, as it specifies the probability of typical and\nlarge dynamical fluctuations. We detail the main properties of the associated\nlarge deviation Hamiltonian, in particular how it complies with the system's\nconservation laws and possesses a gradient structure.",
        "positive": "Phase Transitions Affected by Natural and Forceful Molecular\n  Interconversion: If a binary liquid mixture, composed of two alternative species with equal\namounts, is quenched from a high temperature to a low temperature, below the\ncritical point of demixing, then the mixture will phase separate through a\nprocess known as spinodal decomposition. However, if the two alternative\nspecies are allowed to interconvert, either naturally (e.g. the equilibrium\ninterconversion of enantiomers) or forcefully (e.g. via an external source of\nenergy or matter), then the process of phase separation may drastically change.\nIn this case, depending on the nature of interconversion, two phenomena could\nbe observed: either phase amplification, the growth of one phase at the expense\nof another stable phase, or microphase separation, the formation of nongrowing\n(steady-state) microphase domains. In this work, we generalize the\nCahn-Hilliard theory of spinodal decomposition to include molecular\ninterconversion of species and describe the physical properties of systems\nundergoing either phase amplification or microphase separation. We apply the\ndeveloped theory to describe the simulation results of three atomistic models\nwhich demonstrate phase amplification and/or microphase separation. We also\ndiscuss the application of our approach to phase transitions in polyamorphic\nliquids. Lastly, we describe the effects of fluctuations of the order parameter\nin the critical region on phase amplification and microphase separation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pair correlation function of short-ranged square-well fluids: We have performed extensive Monte Carlo simulations in the canonical (NVT)\nensemble of the pair correlation function for square-well fluids with well\nwidths $\\lambda-1$ ranging from 0.1 to 1.0, in units of the diameter $\\sigma$\nof the particles. For each one of these widths, several densities $\\rho$ and\ntemperatures $T$ in the ranges $0.1\\leq\\rho\\sigma^3\\leq 0.8$ and\n$T_c(\\lambda)\\lesssim T\\lesssim 3T_c(\\lambda)$, where $T_c(\\lambda)$ is the\ncritical temperature, have been considered. The simulation data are used to\nexamine the performance of two analytical theories in predicting the structure\nof these fluids: the perturbation theory proposed by Tang and Lu [Y. Tang and\nB. C.-Y. Lu, J. Chem. Phys. {\\bf 100}, 3079, 6665 (1994)] and the\nnon-perturbative model proposed by two of us [S. B. Yuste and A. Santos, J.\nChem. Phys. {\\bf 101}, 2355 (1994)]. It is observed that both theories\ncomplement each other, as the latter theory works well for short ranges and/or\nmoderate densities, while the former theory does for long ranges and high\ndensities.",
        "positive": "Interaction stabilized steady states in the driven O(N) model: We study periodically driven bosonic scalar field theories in the infinite N\nlimit. It is well-known that the free theory can undergo parametric resonance\nunder monochromatic modulation of the mass term and thereby absorb energy\nindefinitely. Interactions in the infinite N limit terminate this increase for\nany choice of the UV cutoff and driving frequency. The steady state has\nnon-trivial correlations and is synchronized with the drive. The O(N) model at\ninfinite N provides the first example of a clean interacting quantum system\nthat does not heat to infinite temperature at any drive frequency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Power law correlations in the Southern Oscillation Index fluctuations\n  characterizing El Nino: The southern oscillation index (SOI) is a characteristic of the El Nino\nphenomenon. SOI monthly averaged data is analyzed for the time interval\n1866-2000. The tail of the cumulative distribution of the fluctuations of SOI\nsignal is studied in order to characterize the amplitude scaling of the\nfluctuations and the occurrence of extreme events. Large fluctuations are more\nlikely to occur than the Gaussian distribution would predict. The time scaling\nof fluctuations is studied by applying the energy spectrum and the Detrended\nFluctuation Analysis (DFA) statistical method. Self-affine properties are found\nto be pertinent to the SOI signal and therefore suggest power law correlations\nof fluctuations of the signal. Antipersistent type of correlations exist for a\ntime interval ranging from about 4 months to about 6 years. This leads to favor\nspecific physical models for El Nino description.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of a two-temperature Ising ring\n  with conserved dynamics: The statistical mechanics of a one-dimensional Ising model in thermal\nequilibrium is well-established, textbook material. Yet, when driven far from\nequilibrium by coupling two sectors to two baths at different temperatures, it\nexhibits remarkable phenomena, including an unexpected 'freezing by heating.'\nThese phenomena are explored through systematic numerical simulations. Our\nstudy reveals complicated relaxation processes as well as a crossover between\ntwo very different steady-state regimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shocks in asymmetric simple exclusion processes of interacting particles: In this paper, we study shocks and related transitions in asymmetric simple\nexclusion processes of particles with nearest neighbor interactions. We\nconsider two kinds of inter-particle interactions. In one case, the\nparticle-hole symmetry is broken due to the interaction. In the other case,\nparticles have an effective repulsion due to which the particle-current-density\ndrops down near the half filling. These interacting particles move on a one\ndimensional lattice which is open at both the ends with injection of particles\nat one end and withdrawal of particles at the other. In addition to this, there\nare possibilities of attachments or detachments of particles to or from the\nlattice with certain rates. The hydrodynamic equation that involves the exact\nparticle current-density of the particle conserving system and additional terms\ntaking care of the attachment-detachment kinetics is studied using the\ntechniques of boundary layer analysis.",
        "positive": "Bose-Einstein Condensation and Kinetic energy of liquid $^3$He-$^4$He\n  Mixtures: We present neutron scattering measurements of the momentum distribution of\nliquid ${^3}$He-${^4}$He mixtures. The experiments were performed at\nwavevectors $Q$, 26 $\\leq$ $Q$ $\\leq$ 29 {\\AA$^{-1}$}, on the MARI\ntime-of-flight spectrometer at the ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton\nLaboratory, a spallation neutron source. Mixtures with $^3$He concentrations\n$x$ between 0 and 20% were investigated both in the superfluid and normal\nphases. From the data, we extract the Bose-Einstein condensate fraction $n_0$\nand the momentum distributions of $^3$He and $^4$He atoms. We find that $n_0$\nincreases somewhat above the pure $^4$He value when $^3$He is added; e.g from\n$n_0=(7.25\\pm0.75)%$ at $x=$ 0 to $(11\\pm3)%$ at $x=$ 15-20%. This agrees with\npredictions but is less than the only previous measurement. We find a $^4$He\nkinetic energy $K_4$ for pure $^4$He that agrees with previous determinations.\n$K_4$ decreases somewhat with increasing $^3$He concentration, less than\nobserved previously and found in early calculations but in agreement with a\nmore recent Monte Carlo calculation. The $^3$He response is not well reproduced\nby a Fermi gas momentum distribution, $n(\\bf{k})$. Rather an $n(\\bf{k})$ having\na small step height at the Fermi surface and a substantial high momentum tail\ncharacteristic of a strongly interacting Fermi liquid provides a good fit. This\n$n(\\bf{k})$ is consistent with calculated $n(\\bf{k})$. Thus agreement between\ntheory and experiment is obtained comparing $n(\\bf{k})$ in contrast to earlier\nfindings based on comparing calculated and observed $^3$He kinetic energies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simulation of Potts models with real q and no critical slowing down: A Monte Carlo algorithm is proposed to simulate ferromagnetic q-state Potts\nmodel for any real q>0. A single update is a random sequence of disordering and\ndeterministic moves, one for each link of the lattice. A disordering move\nattributes a random value to the link, regardless of the state of the system,\nwhile in a deterministic move this value is a state function. The relative\nfrequency of these moves depends on the two parameters q and beta. The\nalgorithm is not affected by critical slowing down and the dynamical critical\nexponent z is exactly vanishing. We simulate in this way a 3D Potts model in\nthe range 2<q<3 for estimating the critical value q_c where the thermal\ntransition changes from second-order to first-order, and find q_c=2.620(5).",
        "positive": "Random-length Random Walks and Finite-size scaling in high dimensions: We address a long-standing debate regarding the finite-size scaling of the\nIsing model in high dimensions, by introducing a random-length random walk\nmodel, which we then study rigorously. We prove that this model exhibits the\nsame universal FSS behaviour previously conjectured for the self-avoiding walk\nand Ising model on finite boxes in high-dimensional lattices. Our results show\nthat the mean walk length of the random walk model controls the scaling\nbehaviour of the corresponding Green's function. We numerically demonstrate the\nuniversality of our rigorous findings by extensive Monte Carlo simulations of\nthe Ising model and self-avoiding walk on five-dimensional hypercubic lattices\nwith free and periodic boundaries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The XYZ chain with Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interactions: from\n  spin-orbit-coupled lattice bosons to interacting Kitaev chains: Using the density-matrix renormalization-group algorithm (DMRG) and a\nfinite-size scaling analysis, we study the properties of the one-dimensional\ncompletely-anisotropic spin-1/2 XYZ model with Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM)\ninteractions. The model shows a rich phase diagram: depending on the value of\nthe coupling constants, the system can display different kinds of ferromagnetic\norder and Luttinger-liquid behavior. Transitions from ferromagnetic to\nLuttinger-liquid phases are first order. We thoroughly discuss the transition\nbetween different ferromagnetic phases, which, in the absence of DM\ninteractions, belongs to the XX universality class. We provide evidence that\nthe DM exchange term turns out to split this critical line into two separated\nIsing-like transitions and that in between a disordered phase may appear. Our\nstudy sheds light on the general problem of strongly-interacting\nspin-orbit-coupled bosonic gases trapped in an optical lattice and can be used\nto characterize the topological properties of superconducting nanowires in the\npresence of an imposed supercurrent and of interactions.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Heterogeneity and Nonlinear Susceptibility in Short-Ranged\n  Attractive Supercooled Liquids: Recent work has demonstrated the strong qualitative differences between the\ndynamics near a glass transition driven by short-ranged repulsion and one\ngoverned by short-ranged attraction. Here, we study in detail the behavior of\nnon-linear, higher-order correlation functions that measure the growth of\nlength scales associated with dynamical heterogeneity in both types of systems.\nWe find that this measure is qualitatively different in the repulsive and\nattractive cases with regards to the wave vector dependence as well as the time\ndependence of the standard non-linear four-point dynamical susceptibility. We\ndiscuss the implications of these results for the general understanding of\ndynamical heterogeneity in glass-forming liquids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytical and numerical study of particles with binary adsorption: Electro-oxidation of ethanol represents a key process in fuel-cells\ntechnology. We introduce a generalization of the random sequential adsorption\nmodel to study the long timescale and large length scale properties of the\nelectro-oxidation process. We provide an analytical solution for one dimension\nand Monte Carlo results in two dimensions. We characterize the coverage and\npercolation properties of the jammed state and unveil the influence of quenched\nimpurities in the selectivity of oxidation products.",
        "positive": "Hyperskewness of $(1+1)$-dimensional KPZ Height Fluctuations: We evaluate the fifth order normalized cumulant, known as hyperskewness, of\nheight fluctuations dictated by the $(1+1)$-dimensional KPZ equation for the\nstochastic growth of a surface on a flat geometry in the stationary state. We\nfollow a diagrammatic approach and invoke a renormalization scheme to calculate\nthe fifth cumulant given by a connected loop diagram. This, together with the\nresult for the second cumulant, leads to the hyperskewness value $\\widetilde{S}\n= 0.0835$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ensemble nonequivalence and Bose-Einstein condensation in weighted\n  networks: The asymptotic (non)equivalence of canonical and microcanonical ensembles,\ndescribing systems with soft and hard constraints respectively, is a central\nconcept in statistical physics. Traditionally, the breakdown of ensemble\nequivalence (EE) has been associated with nonvanishing relative canonical\nfluctuations of the constraints in the thermodynamic limit. Recently, it has\nbeen reformulated in terms of a nonvanishing relative entropy density between\nmicrocanonical and canonical probabilities. The earliest observations of EE\nviolation required phase transitions or long-range interactions. More recent\nresearch on binary networks found that an extensive number of local constraints\ncan also break EE, even in absence of phase transitions. Here we study for the\nfirst time ensemble nonequivalence in weighted networks with local constraints.\nUnlike their binary counterparts, these networks can undergo a form of\nBose-Einstein condensation (BEC) producing a core-periphery structure where a\nfinite fraction of the link weights concentrates in the core. This phenomenon\ncreates a unique setting where local constraints coexist with a phase\ntransition. We find surviving relative fluctuations only in the condensed\nphase, as in more traditional BEC settings. However, we also find a\nnon-vanishing relative entropy density for all temperatures, signalling a\nbreakdown of EE due to the presence of an extensive number of constraints,\nirrespective of BEC. Therefore, in presence of extensively many local\nconstraints, vanishing relative fluctuations no longer guarantee EE.",
        "positive": "Temperature Dependence of Nonlinear Susceptibilities in an Infinite\n  Range Interaction Model: We present a model to probe metamagnetic properties in systems with an\narbitrary number of interacting spins. Thermodynamic properties such as the\nmagnetization per particle $m(B,T,N)$, linear susceptibility $\\chi_1(T)$,\nnonlinear susceptibilities $\\chi_3(T)$ and $\\chi_5(T)$, specific heat\n$C(B,T,N)$, and pressure $P(B,T,N)$ were calculated. The model produces a\ndifferent magnetic response for $N$ particles when comparing to $N - 1$\nparticles for small $N \\sim 1$. For an even number of particles, the\nsusceptibilities show maxima in their temperature dependence. An odd number\nproduces an additional free spin response that dominates at low temperatures.\nThis free spin response for odd $N$ also produces a step in the magnetization\nper particle at $B = 0$. The magnetization shows $N/2$ steps at $\\gamma B_c/J =\nn$ with integer $n$ for even $N$ and $(N-1)/2$ additional steps at half-integer\n$n$ starting at 3/2 for odd $N$. Small clusters respond with metamagnetism in\nan otherwise isotropic spin space, while the large clusters show no\nmetamagnetism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Combinatorial and topological approach to the 3D Ising model: We extend the planar Pfaffian formalism for the evaluation of the Ising\npartition function to lattices of high topological genus g. The 3D Ising model\non a cubic lattice, where g is proportional to the number of sites, is\ndiscussed in detail. The expansion of the partition function is given in terms\nof 2^{2 g} Pfaffians classified by the oriented homology cycles of the lattice,\ni.e. by its spin-structures. Correct counting is guaranteed by a signature term\nwhich depends on the topological intersection of the oriented cycles through a\nsimple bilinear formula. The role of a gauge symmetry arising in the above\nexpansion is discussed. The same formalism can be applied to the counting\nproblem of perfect matchings over general lattices and provides a determinant\nexpansion of the permanent of 0-1 matrices.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics of the Zero-Range Process and\n  Related Models: We review recent progress on the zero-range process, a model of interacting\nparticles which hop between the sites of a lattice with rates that depend on\nthe occupancy of the departure site. We discuss several applications which have\nstimulated interest in the model such as shaken granular gases and network\ndynamics, also we discuss how the model may be used as a coarse-grained\ndescription of driven phase-separating systems. A useful property of the\nzero-range process is that the steady state has a factorised form. We show how\nthis form enables one to analyse in detail condensation transitions, wherein a\nfinite fraction of particles accumulate at a single site. We review\ncondensation transitions in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems and also\nsummarise recent progress in understanding the dynamics of condensation. We\nthen turn to several generalisations which also, under certain specified\nconditions, share the property of a factorised steady state. These include\nseveral species of particles; hop rates which depend on both the departure and\nthe destination sites; continuous masses; parallel discrete-time updating;\nnon-conservation of particles and sites."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized diffusion equation with nonlocality of space-time:\n  analytical and numerical analysis: Based on the non-Markov diffusion equation taking into account the spatial\nfractality and modeling for the generalized coefficient of particle diffusion\n$D^{\\alpha\\alpha'}(\\mathbf{r},\\mathbf{r}';t,t')=W(t,t')\\bar{D}^{\\alpha\\alpha'}(\\mathbf{r},\\mathbf{r}')$\nusing fractional calculus the generalized Cattaneo--Maxwell--type diffusion\nequation in fractional time and space derivatives has been obtained. In the\ncase of a constant diffusion coefficient, analytical and numerical studies of\nthe frequency spectrum for the Cattaneo--Maxwell diffusion equation in\nfractional time and space derivatives have been performed. Numerical\ncalculations of the phase and group velocities with change of values of\ncharacteristic relaxation time, diffusion coefficient and indexes of temporal\n$\\xi$ and spatial $\\alpha$ fractality have been carried out.",
        "positive": "Ensemble of causal trees: We discuss the geometry of trees endowed with a causal structure using the\nconventional framework of equilibrium statistical mechanics. We show how this\nensemble is related to popular growing network models. In particular we\ndemonstrate that on a class of afine attachment kernels the two models are\nidentical but they can differ substantially for other choice of weights. We\nshow that causal trees exhibit condensation even for asymptotically linear\nkernels. We derive general formulae describing the degree distribution, the\nancestor-descendant correlation and the probability a randomly chosen node\nlives at a given geodesic distance from the root. It is shown that the\nHausdorff dimension d_H of the causal networks is generically infinite."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Electromagnetic Force in Dispersive and Transparent Media: A hydrodynamic-type, macroscopic theory was set up recently to simultaneously\naccount for dissipation and dispersion of electromagnetic field, in\nnonstationary condensed systems of nonlinear constitutive relations~\\cite{JL}.\nSince it was published in the letter format, some algebra and the more subtle\nreasonings had to be left out. Two of the missing parts are presented in this\npaper: How algebraically the new results reduce to the known old ones; and more\nthoughts on the range of validity of the new theory, especially concerning the\ntreatment of dissipation.",
        "positive": "The dual model for an Ising model with nearest and next-nearest\n  neighbors: We construct and analyse a dual model to the Ising model with the nearest and\nnext-nearest neighbors on the rectangular lattice (NNNI model). The Hamiltonian\nof the dual model turns out to contain two- and four-spin interactions. The\nfree fermion approximation suggests that an increase in the critical\ntemperature of the dual model caused by the four-spin interactions is limited\nto a finite range."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum dissipation in a scalar field theory with gapped momentum states: Understanding quantum dissipation is important from both theoretical\nperspective and applications. Here, we show how to describe dissipation in a\nscalar field theory. We treat dissipation non-perturbatively, represent it by a\nbilinear term in the Lagrangian and quantize the theory. We find that\ndissipation promotes a gap in momentum space and reduces the particle energy.\nAs a result, particle mass becomes dressed by dissipation due to\nself-interaction. The underlying mechanism is similar to that governing the\npropagation of transverse collective modes in liquids. We discuss the interplay\nbetween the dissipative and mass terms, the associated different regimes of\nfield dynamics and the emergence of ultraviolet and infrared cutoffs due to\ndissipation.",
        "positive": "Grand canonical and canonical solution of self-avoiding walks with up to\n  three monomers per site on the Bethe lattice: We solve a model of polymers represented by self-avoiding walks on a lattice\nwhich may visit the same site up to three times in the grand-canonical\nformalism on the Bethe lattice. This may be a model for the collapse transition\nof polymers where only interactions between monomers at the same site are\nconsidered. The phase diagram of the model is very rich, displaying coexistence\nand critical surfaces, critical, critical endpoint and tricritical lines, as\nwell as a multicritical point. From the grand-canonical results, we present an\nargument to obtain the properties of the model in the canonical ensemble, and\ncompare our results with simulations in the literature. We do actually find\nextended and collapsed phases, but the transition between them, composed by a\nline of critical endpoints and a line of tricritical points, separated by the\nmulticritical point, is always continuous. This result is at variance with the\nsimulations for the model, which suggest that part of the line should be a\ndiscontinuous transition. Finally, we discuss the connection of the present\nmodel with the standard model for the collapse of polymers (self-avoiding\nself-attracting walks), where the transition between the extended and collapsed\nphases is a tricritical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coupled transport in a linear-stochastic Schr\u00f6dinger Equation: I study heat and norm transport in a one-dimensional lattice of linear\nSchr\\\"odinger oscillators with conservative stochastic perturbations. Its\nequilibrium properties are the same of the Discrete Nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger\nequation in the limit of vanishing nonlinearity. When attached to external\nclassical reservoirs that impose nonequilibrium conditions, the chain displays\ndiffusive transport, with finite Onsager coefficients in the thermodynamic\nlimit and a finite Seebeck coefficient.",
        "positive": "Modeling and control of thermostatically controlled loads: As the penetration of intermittent energy sources grows substantially, loads\nwill be required to play an increasingly important role in compensating the\nfast time-scale fluctuations in generated power. Recent numerical modeling of\nthermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) has demonstrated that such load\nfollowing is feasible, but analytical models that satisfactorily quantify the\naggregate power consumption of a group of TCLs are desired to enable controller\ndesign. We develop such a model for the aggregate power response of a\nhomogeneous population of TCLs to uniform variation of all TCL setpoints. A\nlinearized model of the response is derived, and a linear quadratic regulator\n(LQR) has been designed. Using the TCL setpoint as the control input, the LQR\nenables aggregate power to track reference signals that exhibit step, ramp and\nsinusoidal variations. Although much of the work assumes a homogeneous\npopulation of TCLs with deterministic dynamics, we also propose a method for\nprobing the dynamics of systems where load characteristics are not well known."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics with generalized ensembles: The class of dual orthodes: We address the problem of the foundation of generalized ensembles in\nstatistical physics. The approach is based on Boltzmann's concept of orthodes.\nThese are the statistical ensembles that satisfy the heat theorem, according to\nwhich the heat exchanged divided by the temperature is an exact differential.\nThis approach can be seen as a mechanical approach alternative to the well\nestablished information-theoretic one based on the maximization of generalized\ninformation entropy. Our starting point are the Tsallis ensembles which have\nbeen previously proved to be orthodes, and have been proved to interpolate\nbetween canonical and microcanonical ensembles. Here we shall see that the\nTsallis ensembles belong to a wider class of orthodes that include the most\ndiverse types of ensembles. All such ensembles admit both a microcanonical-like\nparametrization (via the energy), and a canonical-like one (via the parameter\n$\\beta$). For this reason we name them ``dual''. One central result used to\nbuild the theory is a generalized equipartition theorem. The theory is\nillustrated with a few examples and the equivalence of all the dual orthodes is\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Discrete space-time resetting model: Application to first-passage and\n  transmission statistics: We consider the dynamics of lattice random walks with resetting. The walker\nmoving randomly on a lattice of arbitrary dimensions resets at every time step\nto a given site with a constant probability $r$. We construct a discrete\nrenewal equation and present closed-form expressions for different quantities\nof the resetting dynamics in terms of the underlying reset-free propagator or\nGreen's function. We apply our formalism to the biased random walk dynamics in\none-dimensional unbounded space and show how one recovers in the continuous\nlimits results for diffusion with resetting. The resetting dynamics of biased\nrandom walker in one-dimensional domain bounded with periodic and reflecting\nboundaries is also analyzed. Depending on the bias the first-passage\nprobability in periodic domain shows multi-fold non-monotonicity as $r$ is\nvaried. Finally, we apply our formalism to study the transmission dynamics of\ntwo lattice walkers with resetting in one-dimensional domain bounded by\nperiodic and reflecting boundaries. The probability of a definite transmission\nbetween the walkers shows non-monotonic behavior as the resetting probabilities\nare varied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discrete scale invariance and complex dimensions: We discuss the concept of discrete scale invariance and how it leads to\ncomplex critical exponents (or dimensions), i.e. to the log-periodic\ncorrections to scaling. After their initial suggestion as formal solutions of\nrenormalization group equations in the seventies, complex exponents have been\nstudied in the eighties in relation to various problems of physics embedded in\nhierarchical systems. Only recently has it been realized that discrete scale\ninvariance and its associated complex exponents may appear ``spontaneously'' in\neuclidean systems, i.e. without the need for a pre-existing hierarchy. Examples\nare diffusion-limited-aggregation clusters, rupture in heterogeneous systems,\nearthquakes, animals (a generalization of percolation) among many other\nsystems. We review the known mechanisms for the spontaneous generation of\ndiscrete scale invariance and provide an extensive list of situations where\ncomplex exponents have been found. This is done in order to provide a basis for\na better fundamental understanding of discrete scale invariance. The main\nmotivation to study discrete scale invariance and its signatures is that it\nprovides new insights in the underlying mechanisms of scale invariance. It may\nalso be very interesting for prediction purposes.",
        "positive": "Quantum phase transitions in electronic systems: Quantum phase transitions occur at zero temperature when some non-thermal\ncontrol-parameter like pressure or chemical composition is changed. They are\ndriven by quantum rather than thermal fluctuations. In this review we first\ngive a pedagogical introduction to quantum phase transitions and quantum\ncritical behavior emphasizing similarities with and differences to classical\nthermal phase transitions. We then illustrate the general concepts by\ndiscussing a few examples of quantum phase transitions occurring in electronic\nsystems. The ferromagnetic transition of itinerant electrons shows a very rich\nbehavior since the magnetization couples to additional electronic soft modes\nwhich generates an effective long-range interaction between the spin\nfluctuations. We then consider the influence of rare regions on quantum phase\ntransitions in systems with quenched disorder, taking the antiferromagnetic\ntransitions of itinerant electrons as a primary example. Finally we discuss\nsome aspects of the metal-insulator transition in the presence of quenched\ndisorder and interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact dynamics of a reaction-diffusion model with spatially alternating\n  rates: We present the exact solution for the full dynamics of a nonequilibrium spin\nchain and its dual reaction-diffusion model, for arbitrary initial conditions.\nThe spin chain is driven out of equilibrium by coupling alternating spins to\ntwo thermal baths at different temperatures. In the reaction-diffusion model,\nthis translates into spatially alternating rates for particle creation and\nannihilation, and even negative ``temperatures'' have a perfectly natural\ninterpretation. Observables of interest include the magnetization, the particle\ndensity, and all correlation functions for both models. Two generic types of\ntime-dependence are found: if both temperatures are positive, the\nmagnetization, density and correlation functions decay exponentially to their\nsteady-state values. In contrast, if one of the temperatures is negative,\ndamped oscillations are observed in all quantities. They can be traced to a\nsubtle competition of pair creation and annihilation on the two sublattices. We\ncomment on the limitations of mean-field theory and propose an experimental\nrealization of our model in certain conjugated polymers and linear chain\ncompounds.",
        "positive": "Berry's phase in the multimode Peierls states: It is shown that Berry's phase associated with the adiabatic change of local\nvariables in the Hamiltonian can be used to characterize the multimode Peierls\nstate, which has been proposed as a new type of the ground state of the\ntwo-dimensional(2D) systems with the electron-lattice interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bayesian approach to extreme-value statistics based on conditional\n  maximum-entropy method: Recently, the conditional maximum-entropy method (abbreviated as C-MaxEnt)\nhas been proposed for selecting priors in Bayesian statistics in a very simple\nway. Here, it is examined for extreme-value statistics. For the Weibull type as\nan explicit example, it is shown how C-MaxEnt can give rise to a prior\nsatisfying Jeffreys' rule.",
        "positive": "Finite crystallization and Wulff shape emergence for ionic compounds in\n  the square lattice: We present two-dimensional crystallization results in the square lattice for\nfinite particle systems consisting of two different atomic types. We identify\nenergy minimizers of configurational energies featuring two-body short-ranged\nparticle interactions which favor some reference distance between different\natomic types and contain repulsive contributions for atoms of the same type. We\nfirst prove that ground states are connected subsets of the square lattice with\nalternating arrangement of the two atomic types in the crystal lattice, and\naddress the emergence of a square macroscopic Wulff shape for an increasing\nnumber of particles. We then analyze the signed difference of the number of the\ntwo atomic types, the so-called net charge, for which we prove the sharp\nscaling ${\\rm O}(n^{1/4})$ in terms of the particle number $n$. Afterwards, we\ninvestigate the model under prescribed net charge. We provide a\ncharacterization for the minimal energy and identify a critical net charge\nbeyond which crystallization in the square lattice fails. Finally, for this\nspecific net charge we prove a crystallization result and identify a\ndiamond-like Wulff-shape of energy minimizers which illustrates the sensitivity\nof the macroscopic geometry on the net charge."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aperiodic and correlated disorder in XY-chains: exact results: We study thermodynamic properties, specific heat and susceptibility, of XY\nquantum chains with coupling constants following arbitrary substitution rules.\nGeneralizing an exact renormalization group transformation, originally\nformulated for Ising quantum chains, we obtain exact relevance criteria of\nHarris-Luck type for this class of models. For two-letter substitution rules, a\ndetailed classification is given of sequences leading to irrelevant, marginal\nor relevant aperiodic modulations. We find that the relevance of the same\naperiodic sequence of couplings in general will be different for XY and Ising\nquantum chains. By our method, continuously varying critical exponents may be\ncalculated exactly for arbitrary (two-letter) substitution rules with marginal\naperiodicity. A number of examples are given, including the period-doubling,\nthree-folding and precious mean chains. We also discuss extensions of the\nrenormalization approach to a special class of long-range correlated random\nchains, generated by random substitutions.",
        "positive": "The XY-model with $Z_2$ Symmetry: Finite-size scaling analysis using the\n  Broad Histogram Method: In this work we investigate the classical ferromagnetic XY-model in two\ndimensions subject to a symmetry breaking field which impose a $Z_2$ symmetry\nto the system. We used the broad histogram method combined with microcanonical\nsimulations and finite-size scaling analysis to estimate the critical\ntemperature and critical exponents of this system with little computational\neffort. In addition, we present a general procedure which makes possible to use\nthe broad histogram method for continuous systems, also when the macroscopic\nquantities needed by the method cannot be obtained analytically. Our results\nare robust under the choice of four different pseudo-random number generators."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solution to the Fokker-Planck equation for slowly driven Brownian\n  motion: Emergent geometry and a formula for the corresponding thermodynamic\n  metric: Considerable progress has recently been made with geometrical approaches to\nunderstanding and controlling small out-of-equilibrium systems, but a\nmathematically rigorous foundation for these methods has been lacking. Towards\nthis end, we develop a perturbative solution to the Fokker-Planck equation for\none-dimensional driven Brownian motion in the overdamped limit enabled by the\nspectral properties of the corresponding single-particle Schr\\\"odinger\noperator. The perturbation theory is in powers of the inverse characteristic\ntimescale of variation of the fastest varying control parameter, measured in\nunits of the system timescale, which is set by the smallest eigenvalue of the\ncorresponding Schr\\\"odinger operator. It applies to any Brownian system for\nwhich the Schr\\\"odinger operator has a confining potential. We use the theory\nto rigorously derive an exact formula for a Riemannian \"thermodynamic\" metric\nin the space of control parameters of the system. We show that up to\nsecond-order terms in the perturbation theory, optimal dissipation-minimizing\ndriving protocols minimize the length defined by this metric. We also show that\na previously proposed metric is calculable from our exact formula with\ncorrections that are exponentially suppressed in a characteristic length scale.\nWe illustrate our formula using the two-dimensional example of a harmonic\noscillator with time-dependent spring constant in a time-dependent electric\nfield. Lastly, we demonstrate that the Riemannian geometric structure of the\noptimal control problem is emergent; it derives from the form of the\nperturbative expansion for the probability density and persists to all orders\nof the expansion.",
        "positive": "Comment on: Critical behavior on the spin diluted 2D Ising model: A\n  grand ensemble approach, by R. Kuehn: We point out that the \"disorder potential\" employed in the grand ensemble\napproach is ill-defined in considerable generality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bound states of the $\u03c6^4$ model via the nonperturbative\n  renormalization group: Using the nonperturbative renormalization group, we study the existence of\nbound states in the symmetry-broken phase of the scalar $\\phi^4$ theory in all\ndimensions between two and four and as a function of the temperature. The\naccurate description of the momentum dependence of the two-point function,\nrequired to get the spectrum of the theory, is provided by means of the\nBlaizot--M\\'endez-Galain--Wschebor approximation scheme. We confirm the\nexistence of a bound state in dimension three, with a mass within 1% of\nprevious Monte-Carlo and numerical diagonalization values.",
        "positive": "Spin element of Onsager matrix for spin-$\\frac{1}{2}$ critical XXZ chain\n  at infinite temperature and zero magnetic field: The spin element of the Onsager matrix for the spin-$\\frac{1}{2}$ critical\nXXZ chain at infinite temperature and zero magnetic field is studied to\nevaluate the spin diffusion. Its formula is written down by known functions\nwith the use of TBA equations for the integrable XXZ chain with arbitrary spin.\nWe treat the element of the Onsager matrix as a function of the anisotropy\nparameter $\\Delta=\\cos\\theta$ where $\\frac{\\theta}{\\pi}$ is a rational number.\nThe element shows a popcorn dependence on the $\\Delta$ in a way it is\ndiscontinuous at every parametrized point. Moreover the element diverges at all\nthe discontinuous points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fokker-Planck Theory of Nonequilibrium Systems Governed by Hierarchical\n  Dynamics: Dynamics of complex systems is often hierarchically organized on different\ntime scales. To understand the physics of such hierarchy, here Brownian motion\nof a particle moving through a fluctuating medium with slowly varying\ntemperature is studied as an analytically tractable example, and a kinetic\ntheory is formulated for describing the states of the particle. What is\npeculiar here is that the (inverse) temperature is treated as a dynamical\nvariable. Dynamical hierarchy is introduced in conformity with the adiabatic\nscheme. Then, a new analytical method is developed to show how the\nFokker-Planck equation admits as a stationary solution the Maxwellian\ndistribution modulated by the temperature fluctuations, the distribution of\nwhich turns out to be determined by the drift term. A careful comment is also\nmade on so-called superstatistics.",
        "positive": "Optimal time-entropy bounds and speed limits for Brownian thermal\n  shortcuts: By controlling in real-time the variance of the radiation pressure exerted on\nan optically trapped microsphere, we engineer temperature protocols that\nshortcut thermal relaxation when transferring the microsphere from one thermal\nequilibrium state to an other. We identify the entropic footprint of such\naccelerated transfers and derive optimal temperature protocols that either\nminimize the production of entropy for a given transfer duration or accelerate\nas much as possible the transfer for a given entropic cost. Optimizing the\ntrade-off yields time-entropy bounds that put speed limits on thermalization\nschemes. We further show how optimization expands the possibilities for\naccelerating Brownian thermalization down to its fundamental limits. Our\napproach paves the way for the design of optimized, finite-time thermodynamic\ncycles at the mesoscale. It also offers a platform for investigating\nfundamental connections between information geometry and finite-time processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-Point Entanglement Near a Quantum Phase Transition: In this work, we study the two-point entanglement S(i,j), which measures the\nentanglement between two separated degrees of freedom (ij) and the rest of\nsystem, near a quantum phase transition. Away from the critical point, S(i,j)\nsaturates with a characteristic length scale $\\xi_E$, as the distance |i-j|\nincreases. The entanglement length $\\xi_E$ agrees with the correlation length.\nThe universality and finite size scaling of entanglement are demonstrated in a\nclass of exactly solvable one dimensional spin model. By connecting the\ntwo-point entanglement to correlation functions in the long range limit, we\nargue that the prediction power of a two-point entanglement is universal as\nlong as the two involved points are separated far enough.",
        "positive": "The expectation value of the number of loops and the left-passage\n  probability in the double-dimer model: We study various statistical properties of the double-dimer model, a\ngeneralization of the dimer model, on rectangular domains of the square\nlattice. We take advantage of the Grassmannian representation of the dimer\nmodel, first to calculate the probability distribution of the number of\nnontrivial loops around a cylinder, which is consistent with the previously\nknown result, and then to calculate the expectation value of the number of\nloops surrounding two faces and the left-passage probability, both in the\ndiscrete and the continuum cases. We also briefly explain the calculation of\nsome related observables. As a by-product, we obtain the partition function of\nthe dimer model in the presence of two and four monomers, and a single monomer\non the boundary."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Martingale drift of Langevin dynamics and classical canonical spin\n  statistics: The martingale characterizes a kind of fairness or unbiased nature of the\nstochastic process which is associated with another stochastic process. If\n$x_t$ evolves according to the Langevin equation whose mean drift is $a_t$ as\nfunction of $x_t,$ and that $a_t$ as induced stochastic process is martingale\nin turn associated with the former process, then we show that the amplitude of\n$a_t$ is the Langevin function, which is originally the canonical response of a\nsingle classical Heisenberg spin under static field. Furthermore, the\nasymptotic limit of $x_t/t$ obeys the ensemble statistics of such Heisenberg\nspin.",
        "positive": "Heat statistics in the relaxation process of the Edwards-Wilkinson\n  elastic manifold: The stochastic thermodynamics of systems with a few degrees of freedom has\nbeen studied extensively so far. We would like to extend the study to systems\nwith more degrees of freedom and even further-continuous fields with infinite\ndegrees of freedom. The simplest case for a continuous stochastic field is the\nEdwards-Wilkinson elastic manifold. It is an exactly solvable model of which\nthe heat statistics in the relaxation process can be calculated analytically.\nThe cumulants require a cutoff spacing to avoid ultra-violet divergence. The\nscaling behavior of the heat cumulants with time and the system size as well as\nthe large deviation rate function of the heat statistics in the large size\nlimit is obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Survival probability of a Brownian motion in a planar wedge of arbitrary\n  angle: We study the survival probability and the first-passage time distribution for\na Brownian motion in a planar wedge with infinite absorbing edges. We\ngeneralize existing results obtained for wedge angles of the form $\\pi/n$ with\n$n$ a positive integer to arbitrary angles, which in particular cover the case\nof obtuse angles. We give explicit and simple expressions of the survival\nprobability and the first-passage time distribution in which the difference\nbetween an arbitrary angle and a submultiple of $\\pi$ is contained in three\nadditional terms. As an application, we obtain the short time development of\nthe survival probability in a wedge of arbitrary angle.",
        "positive": "Geodesics in Information Geometry : Classical and Quantum Phase\n  Transitions: We study geodesics on the parameter manifold, for systems exhibiting second\norder classical and quantum phase transitions. The coupled non-linear geodesic\nequations are solved numerically for a variety of models which show such phase\ntransitions, in the thermodynamic limit. It is established that both in the\nclassical as well as in the quantum case, geodesics are confined to a single\nphase, and exhibit turning behavior near critical points. Our results are\nindicative of a geometric universality in widely different physical systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mapping of mutation-sensitive sites in protein-like chains: In this work we have studied, with the help of a simple on-lattice model, the\ndistribution pattern of sites sensitive to point mutations ('hot' sites) in\nprotein-like chains. It has been found that this pattern depends on the\nregularity of the matrix that rules the interaction between different kinds of\nresidues. If the interaction matrix is dominated by the hydrophobic effect\n(Miyazawa Jernigan like matrix), this distribution is very simple - all the\n'hot' sites can be found at the positions with maximum number of closest\nnearest neighbors (bulk).\n  If random or nonlinear corrections are added to such an interaction matrix\nthe distribution pattern changes. The rising of collective effects allows the\n'hot' sites to be found in places with smaller number of nearest neighbors\n(surface) while the general trend of the 'hot' sites to fall into a bulk part\nof a conformation still holds.",
        "positive": "The Casimir Effect: After a review of the standard calculation of the Casimir force between two\nmetallic plates at zero and non-zero temperatures, we present the study of\nmicroscopic models to determine the large-distance asymptotic force in the\nhigh-temperature regime. Casimir's conducting plates are modelized by plasmas\nof interacting charges at temperature T. The charges are either classical, or\nquantum-mechanical and coupled to a (classical) radiation field. In these\nmodels, the force obtained is twice weaker than that arising from standard\ntreatments neglecting the microscopic charge fluctutations inside the bodies.\nThe enforcement of inert boundary conditions on the field in the usual\ncalculations turns out to be inadequate in this regime.\n  Other aspects of dispersion forces are also reviewed. The status of\n(non-retarded) van der Waals-London forces in a dilute medium of non-zero\ntemperature and density is investigated. In a proper scaling regime called the\natomic limit (high dilution and low temperature), one is able to give the exact\nlarge-distance atomic correlations up to exponentially small terms as T->0.\n  Retarded van der Waals forces and forces between dielectric bodies are also\nreviewed.\n  Finally, the Casimir effect in critical phenomena is addressed by considering\nthe free Bose gas. It is shown that the grand-canonical potential of the gas in\na slab at the critical value of the chemical potential has finite size\ncorrections of the standard Casimir type. They can be attributed to the\nexistence of long-range order generated by gapless excitations in the phase\nwith broken continuous symmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The structure factor of primes: Although the prime numbers are deterministic, they can be viewed, by some\nmeasures, as pseudo-random numbers. In this article, we numerically study the\npair statistics of the primes using statistical-mechanical methods, especially\nthe structure factor $S(k)$ in an interval $M \\leq p \\leq M + L$ with $M$\nlarge, and $L/M$ smaller than unity. We show that the structure factor of the\nprime-number configurations in such intervals exhibits well-defined Bragg-like\npeaks along with a small \"diffuse\" contribution. This indicates that the primes\nare appreciably more correlated and ordered than previously thought. Our\nnumerical results definitively suggest an explicit formula for the locations\nand heights of the peaks. This formula predicts infinitely many peaks in any\nnon-zero interval, similar to the behavior of quasicrystals. However, primes\ndiffer from quasicrystals in that the ratio between the location of any two\npredicted peaks is rational. We also show numerically that the diffuse part\ndecays slowly as $M$ and $L$ increases. This suggests that the diffuse part\nvanishes in an appropriate infinite-system-size limit.",
        "positive": "Anomalous heat transport in classical many-body systems: overview and\n  perspectives: In this review paper we aim at illustrating recent achievements in anomalous\nheat diffusion, while highlighting open problems and research perspectives. We\nbriefly recall the main features of the phenomenon for low-dimensional\nclassical anharmonic chains and outline some recent developments on perturbed\nintegrable systems, and on the effect of long-range forces and magnetic fields.\nSome selected applications to heat transfer in material science at the\nnanoscale are described. In the second part, we discuss of the role of\nanomalous conduction on coupled transport and describe how systems with\nanomalous (thermal) diffusion allow a much better power-efficiency trade-off\nfor the conversion of thermal to particle current."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Blume-Capel ferromagnet driven by propagating and standing magnetic\n  field wave: Dynamical modes and nonequilibrium phase transition: The dynamical responses of Blume-Capel (S=1) ferromagnet to the plane\npropagating (with fixed frequency and wavelength) and standing magnetic field\nwaves are studied sepa- rately in two dimensions by extensive Monte Carlo\nsimulation. Depending on the values of temperature, amplitude of the\npropagating magnetic field and the strength of anisotropy, two different\ndynamical phases are observed. For a fixed value of anisotropy and the\namplitude of the propagating magnetic field, the system undergoes a dynamical\nphase transition from a driven spin wave propagating phase to a pinned or spin\nfrozen state as the system is cooled down. The time averaged magnetisation over\na full cycle of the propagating magnetic field plays the role of the dynamic\norder parameter. A comprehensive phase diagram is plotted in the plane formed\nby the amplitude of the propagating wave and the temperature of the system. It\nis found that the phase boundary shrinks inward as the anisotropy increases.\nThe phase boundary, in the plane described by the strength of the anisotropy\nand temperature, is also drawn. This phase boundary was observed to shrink\ninward as the field amplitude increases.",
        "positive": "Stability of shortest paths in complex networks with random edge weights: We study shortest paths and spanning trees of complex networks with random\nedge weights. Edges which do not belong to the spanning tree are inactive in a\ntransport process within the network. The introduction of quenched disorder\nmodifies the spanning tree such that some edges are activated and the network\ndiameter is increased. With analytic random-walk mappings and numerical\nanalysis, we find that the spanning tree is unstable to the introduction of\ndisorder and displays a phase-transition-like behavior at zero disorder\nstrength $\\epsilon=0$. In the infinite network-size limit ($N\\to \\infty$), we\nobtain a continuous transition with the density of activated edges $\\Phi$\ngrowing like $\\Phi \\sim \\epsilon^1$ and with the diameter-expansion coefficient\n$\\Upsilon$ growing like $\\Upsilon\\sim \\epsilon^2$ in the regular network, and\nfirst-order transitions with discontinuous jumps in $\\Phi$ and $\\Upsilon$ at\n$\\epsilon=0$ for the small-world (SW) network and the Barab\\'asi-Albert\nscale-free (SF) network. The asymptotic scaling behavior sets in when $N\\gg\nN_c$, where the crossover size scales as $N_c\\sim \\epsilon^{-2}$ for the\nregular network, $N_c \\sim \\exp[\\alpha \\epsilon^{-2}]$ for the SW network, and\n$N_c \\sim \\exp[\\alpha |\\ln \\epsilon| \\epsilon^{-2}]$ for the SF network. In a\ntransient regime with $N\\ll N_c$, there is an infinite-order transition with\n$\\Phi\\sim \\Upsilon \\sim \\exp[-\\alpha / (\\epsilon^2 \\ln N)]$ for the SW network\nand $\\sim \\exp[ -\\alpha / (\\epsilon^2 \\ln N/\\ln\\ln N)]$ for the SF network. It\nshows that the transport pattern is practically most stable in the SF network."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics: a solvable model: A two-temperature linear spin model is presented that allows an easily\nunderstandable introduction to non-equilibrium statistical physics. The model\nis one that includes the concepts that are typical of more realistic\nnon-equilibrium models but that allows straightforward steady state solutions\nand, for small systems, development of the full time dependence for\nconfiguration probabilities. The model is easily accessible to upper-level\nundergraduate students, and also provides a good check for computer models of\nlarger systems.",
        "positive": "Impact of defects on percolation in random sequential adsorption of\n  linear k-mers on square lattice: The effect of defects on the percolation of linear $k$-mers (particles\noccupying $k$ adjacent sites) on a square lattice is studied by means of Monte\nCarlo simulation. The $k$-mers are deposited using a random sequential\nadsorption mechanism. Two models, $L_d$ and $K_d$, are analyzed. In the $L_d$\nmodel, it is assumed that the initial square lattice is non-ideal and some\nfraction of sites, $d$, is occupied by non-conducting point defects\n(impurities). In the $K_d$ model, the initial square lattice is perfect.\nHowever, it is assumed that some fraction of the sites in the $k$-mers, $d$,\nconsists of defects, i.e., are non-conducting. The length of the $k$-mers, $k$,\nvaries from 2 to 256. Periodic boundary conditions are applied to the square\nlattice. The dependencies of the percolation threshold concentration of the\nconducting sites, $p_c$, vs the concentration of defects, $d$, were analyzed\nfor different values of $k$. Above some critical concentration of defects,\n$d_m$, percolation is blocked in both models, even at the jamming concentration\nof $k$-mers. For long $k$-mers, the values of $d_m$ are well fitted by the\nfunctions $d_m \\propto k_m^{-\\alpha}-k^{-\\alpha}$ ($\\alpha = 1.28 \\pm 0.01$,\n$k_m = 5900 \\pm 500$) and $d_m \\propto \\log (k_m/k)$ ($k_m = 4700 \\pm 1000$ ),\nfor the $L_d$ and $K_d$ models, respectively. Thus, our estimation indicates\nthat the percolation of $k$-mers on a square lattice is impossible even for a\nlattice without any defects if $k\\gtrapprox 6 \\times 10^3$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the foundations of statistical mechanics: ergodicity, many degrees of\n  freedom and inference: The present paper is meant to give a simple introduction to the problem of\nthe connection between microscopic dynamics and statistical laws. For sake of\nsimplicity, we mostly refer to non-dissipative dynamics, since dissipation adds\ntechnical difficulties to the conceptual issues, although part of our\ndiscussion extends beyond this limit. In particular, the relevance of chaos and\nergodicity is here confronted with that of the large number of degrees of\nfreedom. In Section 2, we review the microscopic connection, along the lines of\nBoltzmann's approach, and of its further developments. In Section 3, we discuss\nthe falsifiability of statistical mechanics and its role as statistical\ninference. In particular we argue that the Maximum entropy priciple is in\ngeneral not a predictive tool.",
        "positive": "A Second Law for Open Markov Processes: In this paper we define the notion of an open Markov process. An open Markov\nprocess is a generalization of an ordinary Markov process in which populations\nare allowed to flow in and out of the system at certain boundary states. We\nshow that the rate of change of relative entropy in an open Markov process is\nless than or equal to the flow of relative entropy through its boundary states.\nThis can be viewed as a generalization of the Second Law for open Markov\nprocesses. In the case of a Markov process whose equilibrium obeys detailed\nbalance, this inequality puts an upper bound on the rate of change of the free\nenergy for any non-equilibrium distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A proof by graphical construction of the no-pumping theorem of\n  stochastic pumps: A stochastic pump is a Markov model of a mesoscopic system evolving under the\ncontrol of externally varied parameters. In the model, the system makes random\ntransitions among a network of states. For such models, a \"no-pumping theorem\"\nhas been obtained, which identifies minimal conditions for generating directed\nmotion or currents. We provide a derivation of this result using a simple\ngraphical construction on the network of states.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions and continuously variable scaling in a chiral quenched\n  disordered model: We elucidate the effects of chiral quenched disorder on the scaling\nproperties of pure systems by considering a reduced model that is a variant of\nthe quenched disordered cubic anisotropic O(N) model near its second order\nphase transition. A generic short-ranged Gaussian disorder distribution is\nconsidered. For distributions not invariant under spatial inversion ({hence\nchiral}), the scaling exponents are found to depend continuously on a model\nparameter that describes the extent of inversion symmetry breaking.\nExperimental and phenomenological implications of our results are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Granular Brownian Ratchet Model: We show by numerical simulations that a non rotationally symmetric body,\nwhose orientation is fixed and whose center of mass can only slide along a\nrectilinear guide, under the effect of inelastic collisions with a surrounding\ngas of particles, displays directed motion. We present a theory which explains\nhow the lack of time reversal induced by the inelasticity of collisions can be\nexploited to generate a steady average drift. In the limit of an heavy ratchet,\nwe derive an effective Langevin equation whose parameters depend on the\nmicroscopic properties of the system and obtain a fairly good quantitative\nagreement between the theoretical predictions and simulations concerning\nmobility, diffusivity and average velocity.",
        "positive": "Stochastic efficiency of thermodiffusion: an extended local equilibrium\n  approach: The recently established connection between stochastic thermodynamics and\nfluctuating hydrodynamics is applied to a study of efficiencies in the coupled\ntransport of heat and matter on a small scale. A stochastic model for a\nmesoscopic cell connected to two macroscopic reservoirs of heat and particles\nis developed, based on fluctuating hydrodynamics. Within this approach, the\nfluctuating separation and thermodynamic efficiencies are defined. The\nconditions required to observe bimodal distributions of these efficiencies are\ndetermined, and the evolution of these distributions is investigated in the\nlarge-size and in the long-time limits. The results obtained are not restricted\nto thermodiffusion and can be generalized to systems where efficiency is\ndefined as a ratio of stochastic state variables or dissipation rates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality of time evolution for the unsteady dendrite: Unsteady growth of ammonium chloride dendrites during crystallization from an\naqueous solution in a thin capillary is experimentally investigated. Dependency\nof the crystal area S on the time t for various sectors located along a primary\nbranch and sidebranches is measured. A hypothesis of the same ratio between the\narea change and the area itself (S'(t)/S(t)) for different but simultaneously\ngrowing parts of an unsteady dendrite is advanced and confirmed. This\nconclusion allows proposing a curve for describing the evolution of the\ndendrite area (or its part) of the form S(t)=const*exp(-b*t)*t^a, where a and b\nare the parameters, whose values are determined in the paper. The\nnondimensionalization of S(t) and S'(t)/S(t) (using the full dendrite growth\ntime) results in simple one-parameter functions depending on a single parameter\n(a) (which is presumably associated only with physical and chemical\ncharacteristics of the crystallized system and, in our case, equals 1.7+/-0.2).",
        "positive": "Unattainability of a purely topological criterion for the existence of a\n  phase transition for non-confining potentials: The relation between thermodynamic phase transitions in classical systems and\ntopology changes in their configuration space is discussed for a\none-dimensional, analytically tractable solid-on-solid model. The topology of a\ncertain family of submanifolds of configuration space is investigated,\ncorroborating the hypothesis that, in general, a change of the topology within\nthis family is a necessary condition in order to observe a phase transition.\nConsidering two slightly differing versions of this solid-on-solid model, one\nshowing a phase transition in the thermodynamic limit, the other not, we find\nthat the difference in the ``quality'' or ``strength'' of this topology change\nappears to be insignificant. This example indicates the unattainability of a\ncondition of exclusively topological nature which is sufficient as to guarantee\nthe occurrence of a phase transition in systems with non-confining potentials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Zero-Point Energy Leakage in Quantum Thermal Bath Molecular Dynamics\n  Simulations: The quantum thermal bath (QTB) has been presented as analternative to\npath-integral-based methods to introduce nuclear quantumeffects in molecular\ndynamics simulations. The method has proved to beefficient, yielding accurate\nresults for various systems. However, the QTBmethod is prone to zero-point\nenergy leakage (ZPEL) in highly anharmonicsystems. This is a well-known problem\nin methods based on classicaltrajectories where part of the energy of the\nhigh-frequency modes istransferred to the low-frequency modes leading to a\nwrong energydistribution. In some cases, the ZPEL can have dramatic\nconsequences onthe properties of the system. Thus, we investigate the ZPEL by\ntesting theQTB method on selected systems with increasing complexity in order\nto studythe conditions and the parameters that influence the leakage. We also\nanalyze the consequences of the ZPEL on the structuraland vibrational\nproperties of the system. We find that the leakage is particularly dependent on\nthe damping coefficient and thatincreasing its value can reduce and, in some\ncases, completely remove the ZPEL. When using sufficiently high values for\nthedamping coefficient, the expected energy distribution among the vibrational\nmodes is ensured. In this case, the QTB methodgives very encouraging results.\nIn particular, the structural properties are well-reproduced. The dynamical\nproperties should beregarded with caution although valuable information can\nstill be extracted from the vibrational spectrum, even for large values ofthe\ndamping term.",
        "positive": "Exploration and Trapping of Mortal Random Walkers: Exploration and trapping properties of random walkers that may evanesce at\nany time as they walk have seen very little treatment in the literature, and\nyet a finite lifetime is a frequent occurrence, and its effects on a number of\nrandom walk properties may be profound. For instance, whereas the average\nnumber of distinct sites visited by an immortal walker grows with time without\nbound, that of a mortal walker may, depending on dimensionality and rate of\nevanescence, remain finite or keep growing with the passage of time. This\nnumber can in turn be used to calculate other classic quantities such as the\nsurvival probability of a target surrounded by diffusing traps. If the traps\nare immortal, the survival probability will vanish with increasing time.\nHowever, if the traps are evanescent, the target may be spared a certain death.\nWe analytically calculate a number of basic and broadly used quantities for\nevanescent random walkers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite time large deviations via matrix product states: Recent work has shown the effectiveness of tensor network methods for\ncomputing large deviation functions in constrained stochastic models in the\ninfinite time limit. Here we show that these methods can also be used to study\nthe statistics of dynamical observables at arbitrary finite time. This is a\nharder problem because, in contrast to the infinite time case where only the\nextremal eigenstate of a tilted Markov generator is relevant, for finite time\nthe whole spectrum plays a role. We show that finite time dynamical partition\nsums can be computed efficiently and accurately in one dimension using matrix\nproduct states, and describe how to use such results to generate rare event\ntrajectories on demand. We apply our methods to the Fredrickson-Andersen (FA)\nand East kinetically constrained models, and to the symmetric simple exclusion\nprocess (SSEP), unveiling dynamical phase diagrams in terms of counting field\nand trajectory time. We also discuss extensions of this method to higher\ndimensions.",
        "positive": "A maximum entropy approach to H-theory: Statistical mechanics of\n  hierarchical systems: A novel formalism, called H-theory, is applied to the problem of statistical\nequilibrium of a hierarchical complex system with multiple time and length\nscales. In this approach, the system is formally treated as being composed of a\nsmall subsystem---representing the region where the measurements are made---in\ncontact with a set of `nested heat reservoirs' corresponding to the\nhierarchical structure of the system. The probability distribution function\n(pdf) of the fluctuating temperatures at each reservoir, conditioned on the\ntemperature of the reservoir above it, is determined from a maximum entropy\nprinciple subject to appropriate constraints that describe the thermal\nequilibrium properties of the system. The marginal temperature distribution of\nthe innermost reservoir is obtained by integrating over the conditional\ndistributions of all larger scales, and the resulting pdf is written in\nanalytical form in terms of certain special transcendental functions, known as\nthe Fox $H$-functions. The distribution of states of the small subsystem is\nthen computed by averaging the quasi-equilibrium Boltzmann distribution over\nthe temperature of the innermost reservoir. This distribution can also be\nwritten in terms of $H$-functions. The general family of distributions reported\nhere recovers, as particular cases, the stationary distributions recently\nobtained by Mac\\^edo {\\it et al.} [Phys.~Rev.~E {\\bf 95}, 032315 (2017)] from a\nstochastic dynamical approach to the problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Predictability in the ETAS Model of Interacting Triggered Seismicity: As part of an effort to develop a systematic methodology for earthquake\nforecasting, we use a simple model of seismicity based on interacting events\nwhich may trigger a cascade of earthquakes, known as the Epidemic-Type\nAftershock Sequence model (ETAS). The ETAS model is constructed on a bare\n(unrenormalized) Omori law, the Gutenberg-Richter law and the idea that large\nevents trigger more numerous aftershocks. For simplicity, we do not use the\ninformation on the spatial location of earthquakes and work only in the time\ndomain. We offer an analytical approach to account for the yet unobserved\ntriggered seismicity adapted to the problem of forecasting future seismic rates\nat varying horizons from the present. Tests presented on synthetic catalogs\nvalidate strongly the importance of taking into account all the cascades of\nstill unobserved triggered events in order to predict correctly the future\nlevel of seismicity beyond a few minutes. We find a strong predictability if\none accepts to predict only a small fraction of the large-magnitude targets.\nHowever, the probability gains degrade fast when one attempts to predict a\nlarger fraction of the targets. This is because a significant fraction of\nevents remain uncorrelated from past seismicity. This delineates the\nfundamental limits underlying forecasting skills, stemming from an intrinsic\nstochastic component in these interacting triggered seismicity models.",
        "positive": "Large deviations in the alternating mass harmonic chain: We extend the work of Kannan et al. and derive the cumulant generating\nfunction for the alternating mass harmonic chain consisting of N particles and\ndriven by heat reservoirs. The main result is a closed expression for the\ncumulant generating function in the thermodynamic large N limit. This\nexpression is independent of N but depends on whether the chain consists of an\neven or an odd number of particles, in accordance with the results obtained by\nKannan el al. for the heat current. This result is in accordance with the\nabsence of local thermodynamic equilibrium in a linear system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Decay of currents for strong interactions: The decay of current autocorrelation functions is investigated for quantum\nsystems featuring strong 'interactions'. Here, the term interaction refers to\nthat part of the Hamiltonian causing the (major) decay of the current. On the\ntime scale before the (first) zero-crossing of the current, its relaxation is\nshown to be well described by a suitable perturbation theory in the lowest\norders of the interaction strength, even and especially if interactions are\nstrong. In this description the relaxation is found to be rather close to a\nGaussian decay and the resulting diffusion coefficient approximately scales\nwith the inverse interaction strength. These findings are also confirmed by\nnumerical results from exact diagonalization for several one-dimensional\ntransport models including spin transport in the Heisenberg chain w.r.t.\ndifferent spin quantum numbers, anisotropy, next-to-nearest-neighbor\ninteraction, or alternating magnetic field; energy transport in the Ising chain\nwith tilted magnetic field; and transport of excitations in a randomly coupled\nmodular quantum system. The impact of these results for weak interactions is\nfinally discussed.",
        "positive": "Can quantum regression theorem be reconciled with quantum fluctuation\n  dissipation theorem ?: In the attempt to derive the regression theorem from the fluctuation\ndissipation theorem several authors claim the violation of the former theorem\nin the quantum case. Here we pose the question: does it exists a quantum\nfluctuation dissipation theorem (QFDT) in its conventional interpretation? It\nis shown that the relation usually called as the QFDT is the condition of\ndetailed macroscopic energetic balance. Following this interpretation the\nexisting conflict between the two theorems in the quantum case is removed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "BCS-like action and Lagrangian from the gradient expansion of the\n  determinant of Fermi fields in QCD type, non-Abelian gauge theories with\n  chiral anomalies: An effective field theory of BCS quark pairs is derived from an ordinary QCD\ntype path integral with SU(3) non-Abelian gauge fields. We consider the BCS\nquark pairs as constituents of nuclei and as the remaining degrees of freedom\nin a coset decomposition SO(M,M)/U(M)xU(M) of a corresponding total\nself-energy. The underlying dimension 'M=24' is determined by the product of\n'2' isospin degrees of freedom, by the 4x4 Dirac gamma matrices with factor '4'\nand the '3' colour degrees of freedom. Finally, we can compare the derived\nactions of BCS quark pairs with the ordinary Skyrme Lagrangian and attain the\nastonishing result that our derived effective actions of BCS quark pairs are\nmore closely related to the Skyrme-Faddeev field theory with the nontrivial\nHopf mapping.",
        "positive": "Affinity- and topology-dependent bound on current fluctuations: We provide a proof of a recently conjectured universal bound on current\nfluctuations in Markovian processes. This bound establishes a link between the\nfluctuations of an individual observable current, the cycle affinities driving\nthe system into a non-equilibrium steady state, and the topology of the\nnetwork. The proof is based on a decomposition of the network into independent\ncycles with both positive affinity and positive stationary cycle current. This\nformalism allows for a refinement of the bound for systems in equilibrium or\nwith locally vanishing affinities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On high energy tails in inelastic gases: We study the formation of high energy tails in a one-dimensional kinetic\nmodel for granular gases, the so-called Inelastic Maxwell Model. We introduce a\ntime- discretized version of the stochastic process, and show that continuous\ntime implies larger fluctuations of the particles energies. This is due to a\nstatistical relation between the number of inelastic collisions undergone by a\nparticle and its average energy. This feature is responsible for the high\nenergy tails in the model, as shown by computer simulations and by analytical\ncalculations on a linear Lorentz model.",
        "positive": "Spatial Log Periodic Oscillations of First-Passage Observables in\n  Fractals: For transport processes in geometrically restricted domains, the mean\nfirst-passage time (MFPT) admits a general scaling dependence on space\nparameters for diffusion, anomalous diffusion, and diffusion in disordered or\nfractal media. For transport in self-similar fractal structures, we obtain a\nnew expression for the source-target distance dependence of the MFPT that\nexhibits both the leading power law behavior, depending on the Hausdorff and\nspectral dimension of the fractal, as well as small log periodic oscillations\nthat are a clear and definitive signal of the underlying fractal structure. We\nalso present refined numerical results for the Sierpinski gasket that confirm\nthis oscillatory behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The microscopic phase density functional approach to the construction of\n  the kinetic and hydrodynamic description for the system of self-propelled\n  particles: We use the method of the microscopic phase density to get the kinetic\nequation for the system of self-propelled particles with Vicsek-like alignment\nrule. The hydrodynamic equations are derived for the ordered phase taking into\naccount the mean-field force only. The equation for the hydrodynamic velocity\nplays the role of the Euler equation for the self-propelled Vicsek fluid. The\nhydrodynamics of such ideal self-propelled fluid demonstrates the dynamical\ntransition from disordered initial state to the completely ordered motion. To\ntake the noise into account we consider how the framework of the local\nequilibrium approximation affects the hydrodynamic equations and the viscous\ntensor and show that in such approximation the shear viscosity vanishes.",
        "positive": "A nonextensive approach to Bose-Einstein condensation of trapped\n  interacting boson gas: In the Bose-Einstein condensation of interacting atoms or molecules such as\n87Rb, 23Na and 7Li, the theoretical understanding of the transition temperature\nis not always obvious due to the interactions or zero point energy which cannot\nbe exactly taken into account. The S-wave collision model fails sometimes to\naccount for the condensation temperatures. In this work, we look at the problem\nwithin the nonextensive statistics which is considered as a possible theory\ndescribing interacting systems. The generalized energy Uq and the particle\nnumber Nq of boson gas are given in terms of the nonextensive parameter q. q>1\n(q<1) implies repulsive (attractive) interaction with respect to the perfect\ngas. The generalized condensation temperature Tcq is derived versus Tc given by\nthe perfect gas theory. Thanks to the observed condensation temperatures, we\nfind q ~ 0.1 for 87Rb atomic gas, q ~ 0.95 for 7Li and q ~ 0.62 for 23Na. It is\nconcluded that the effective interactions are essentially attractive for the\nthree considered atoms, which is consistent with the observed temperatures\nhigher than those predicted by the conventional theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Signature of a Continuous Quantum Phase Transition in Nonequilibrium\n  Energy Absorption: Footprints of Criticality on Highly Excited States: Understanding phase transitions in quantum matters constitutes a significant\npart of present day condensed matter physics. Quantum phase transitions concern\nground state properties of many-body systems, and hence their signatures are\nexpected to be pronounced in low-energy states. Here we report signature of a\nquantum critical point manifested in strongly out-of-equilibrium states with\nfinite energy density with respect to the ground state and extensive\n(subsystem) entanglement entropy, generated by an external pulse. These\nnon-equilibrium states are evidently completely disordered (e.g., paramagnetic\nin case of a magnetic ordering transition). The pulse is applied by switching a\ncoupling of the Hamiltonian from an initial value ($\\lambda_{I}$) to a final\nvalue ($\\lambda_{F}$) for sufficiently long time and back again. The signature\nappears as non-analyticities (kinks) in the energy absorbed by the system from\nthe pulse as a function of $\\lambda_{F}$ at critical-points (i.e., at values of\n$\\lambda_{F}$ corresponding to static critical-points of the system). As one\nexcites higher and higher eigenstates of the final Hamiltonian $H(\\lambda_{F})$\nby increasing the pulse height ($|\\lambda_{I} - \\lambda_{F}|$), the\nnon-analyticity grows stronger monotonically with it. This implies adding\ncontributions from higher eigenstates help magnifying the non-analyticity,\nindicating strong imprint of the critical-point on them. Our findings are\ngrounded on exact analytical results derived for Ising and XY chains in\ntransverse field.",
        "positive": "Short-time behavior of a classical ferromagnet with double-exchange\n  interaction: We investigate the critical dynamics of a classical ferromagnet on the simple\ncubic lattice with double-exchange interaction. Estimates for the dynamic\ncritical exponents $z$ and $\\theta$ are obtained using short-time Monte Carlo\nsimulations. We also estimate the static critical exponents $\\nu$ and $\\beta$\nstudying the behavior of the samples at an early time. Our results are in good\nagreement with available estimates and support the assertion that this model\nand the classical Heisenberg model belong to the same universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sub-aging in a Domain Growth Model: We study analytically the aging dynamics of the O(n) model in the large-n\nlimit, with conserved and with non-conserved order parameter. While in the\nnon-conserved dynamics, the autocorrelation function scales in the usual way\nC(t,tw) = C(t/tw), in the case of a conserved order parameter, `multiscaling'\nmanifests itself in the form C(t,tw) = C (h(t)/h(tw)), with a relaxation time\ngrowing more slowly than the age of the system (sub-aging), and h(t) a function\ngrowing faster than any length scale of the problem. In both cases, the\neffective temperature associated to the violation of the fluctuation theorem\ntends to infinity in the asymptotic limit of large waiting times.",
        "positive": "Random Walk with Shrinking Steps: First Passage Characteristics: We study the mean first passage time of a one-dimensional random walker with\nstep sizes decaying exponentially in discrete time. That is step sizes go like\n$\\lambda^{n}$ with $\\lambda\\leq1$ . We also present, for pedagogical purposes,\na continuum system with a diffusion constant decaying exponentially in\ncontinuous time. Qualitatively both systems are alike in their global\nproperties. However, the discrete case shows very rich mathematical structure,\ndepending on the value of the shrinking parameter, such as self-repetitive and\nfractal-like structure for the first passage characteristics. The results we\npresent show that the most important quantitative behavior of the discrete case\nis that the support of the distribution function evolves in time in a rather\ncomplicated way in contrast to the time independent lattice structure of the\nordinary random walker. We also show that there are critical values of\n$\\lambda$ defined by the equation $\\lambda^{K}+2\\lambda^{P}-2=0$ with\n$\\{K,N\\}\\in{\\mathcal N}$ where the mean first passage time undergo transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-classical large deviations for a noisy system with non-isolated\n  attractors: We study the large deviations of a simple noise-perturbed dynamical system\nhaving continuous sets of steady states, which mimick those found in some\npartial differential equations related, for example, to turbulence problems.\nThe system is a two-dimensional nonlinear Langevin equation involving a\ndissipative, non-potential force, which has the essential effect of creating a\nline of stable fixed points (attracting line) touching a line of unstable fixed\npoints (repelling line). Using different analytical and numerical techniques,\nwe show that the stationary distribution of this system satisfies in the\nlow-noise limit a large deviation principle containing two competing terms: i)\na classical but sub-dominant large deviation term, which can be derived from\nthe Freidlin-Wentzell theory of large deviations by studying the fluctuation\npaths or instantons of the system near the attracting line, and ii) a dominant\nlarge deviation term, which does not follow from the Freidlin-Wentzell theory,\nas it is related to fluctuation paths of zero action, referred to as\nsub-instantons, emanating from the repelling line. We discuss the nature of\nthese sub-instantons, and show how they arise from the connection between the\nattracting and repelling lines. We also discuss in a more general way how we\nexpect these to arise in more general stochastic systems having connected sets\nof stable and unstable fixed points, and how they should determine the large\ndeviation properties of these systems.",
        "positive": "Quantum Monte Carlo Simulation of the High-Pressure Molecular-Atomic\n  Crossover in Fluid Hydrogen: A first-order liquid-liquid phase transition in high-pressure hydrogen\nbetween molecular and atomic fluid phases has been predicted in computer\nsimulations using ab initio molecular dynamics approaches. However, experiments\nindicate that molecular dissociation may occur through a continuous crossover\nrather than a first-order transition. Here we study the nature of molecular\ndissociation in fluid hydrogen using an alternative simulation technique in\nwhich electronic correlation is computed within quantum Monte Carlo, the\nso-called Coupled Electron Ion Monte Carlo (CEIMC) method. We find no evidence\nfor a first-order liquid-liquid phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evidences of conformal invariance in 2d rigidity percolation: The rigidity transition occurs when, as the density of microscopic components\nis increased, a disordered medium becomes able to transmit and ensure\nmacroscopic mechanical stability, owing to the appearance of a space-spanning\nrigid connected component, or cluster. As a continuous phase transition it\nexhibits a scale invariant critical point, at which the rigid clusters are\nrandom fractals. We show, using numerical analysis, that these clusters are\nalso conformally invariant, and we use conformal field theory to predict the\nform of universal finite size effects. Furthermore, although connectivity and\nrigidity percolation are usually though to belong to different universality\nclasses and thus be of fundamentally different natures, we provide evidence of\nunexpected similarities between the statistical properties of their random\nclusters at criticality. Our work opens a new research avenue through the\napplication of the powerful 2D conformal field theory tools to understand the\ncritical behavior of a wide range of physical and biological materials\nexhibiting such a mechanical transition.",
        "positive": "A route to the hydrodynamic limit of a reaction-diffusion master\n  equation using gradient structures: The reaction-diffusion master equation (RDME) is a lattice-based stochastic\nmodel for spatially resolved cellular processes. It is often interpreted as an\napproximation to spatially continuous reaction-diffusion models, which, in the\nlimit of an infinitely large population, may be described by means of\nreaction-diffusion partial differential equations (RDPDEs). Analyzing and\nunderstanding the relation between different mathematical models for\nreaction-diffusion dynamics is a research topic of steady interest. In this\nwork, we explore a route to the hydrodynamic limit of the RDME which uses\ngradient structures. Specifically, we elaborate on a method introduced in [J.\nMaas, A. Mielke: Modeling of chemical reactions systems with detailed balance\nusing gradient structures. J. Stat. Phys. (181), 2257-2303 (2020)] in the\ncontext of well-mixed reaction networks by showing that, once it is\ncomplemented with an appropriate limit procedure, it can be applied to\nspatially extended systems with diffusion. Under the assumption of detailed\nbalance, we write down a gradient structure for the RDME and use the method to\nproduce a gradient structure for its hydrodynamic limit, namely, for the\ncorresponding RDPDE."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Driven Heisenberg Magnets: Nonequilibrium Criticality, Spatiotemporal\n  Chaos and Control: We drive a $d$-dimensional Heisenberg magnet using an anisotropic current.\nThe continuum Langevin equation is analysed using a dynamical renormalization\ngroup and numerical simulations. We discover a rich steady-state phase diagram,\nincluding a critical point in a new nonequilibrium universality class, and a\nspatiotemporally chaotic phase. The latter may be `controlled' in a robust\nmanner to target spatially periodic steady states with helical order.",
        "positive": "Ricci curvature, isoperimetry and a non-additive entropy: Searching for the dynamical foundations of the\nHavrda-Charv\\'{a}t/Dar\\'{o}czy/Cressie-Read/Tsallis non-additive entropy, we\ncome across a covariant quantity called, alternatively, a generalized Ricci\ncurvature, an $N$-Ricci curvature or a Bakry-\\'{E}mery-Ricci curvature in the\nconfiguration/phase space of a system. We explore some of the implications of\nthis tensor and its associated curvature and present a connection with the\nnon-additive entropy under investigation. We present an isoperimetric\ninterpretation of the non-extensive parameter and comment on further features\nof the system that can be probed through this tensor."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glass breaks like metals, but at the nanometer scale: We report in situ Atomic Force Microscopy experiments which reveal the\npresence of nanoscale damage cavities ahead of a stress-corrosion crack tip in\nglass. Their presence might explain the departure from linear elasticity\nobserved in the vicinity of a crack tip in glass. Such a ductile fracture\nmechanism, widely observed in the case of metallic materials at the micrometer\nscale, might be also at the origin of the striking similarity of the\nmorphologies of fracture surfaces of glass and metallic alloys at different\nlength scales.",
        "positive": "On the effects of surrogacy of energy dissipation in determining the\n  intermittency exponent in fully developed turbulence: The two-point correlation function of the energy dissipation, obtained from a\none-point time record of an atmospheric boundary layer, reveals a rigorous\npower-law scaling with intermittency exponent mu=0.20 over almost the entire\ninertial range of scales. However, for the related integral moment, the\npower-law scaling is restricted to the upper part of the inertial range only.\nThis observation is explained in terms of the operational surrogacy of the\nconstruction of energy dissipation, which influences the behaviour of the\ncorrelation function for small separation distances."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality and scaling study of the critical behavior of the\n  two-dimensional Blume-Capel model in short-time dynamics: In this paper we study the short-time behavior of the Blume-Capel model at\nthe tricritical point as well as along the second order critical line. Dynamic\nand static exponents are estimated by exploring scaling relations for the\nmagnetization and its moments at early stage of the dynamic evolution. Our\nestimates for the dynamic exponents, at the tricritical point, are $z=\n2.215(2)$ and $\\theta= -0.53(2)$.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic universality of quantum Carnot engines: The Carnot statement of the second law of thermodynamics poses an upper limit\non the efficiency of all heat engines. Recently, it has been studied whether\ngeneric quantum features such as coherence and quantum entanglement could allow\nfor quantum devices with efficiencies larger than the Carnot efficiency. The\npresent study shows that this is not permitted by the laws of thermodynamics.\nIn particular, we will show that rather the definition of heat has to be\nmodified to account for the thermodynamic cost for maintaining coherence and\nentanglement. Our theoretical findings are numerically illustrated for an\nexperimentally relevant example from optomechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium domain formation by pressure fluctuations: Fluctuations in thermal many-particle systems reflect fundamental dynamical\nprocesses in both equilibrium and nonequilibrium (NEQ) physics.\n  In NEQ systems \\cite{ritort} fluctuations are important in a variety of\ncontexts ranging from pattern formation \\cite{hohenberg,vdbroeck} to molecular\nmotors \\cite{schaller,kierfeld,narayan,prost}. Here, we address the question if\nand how fluctuations may be employed to characterize and control pattern\nformation in NEQ nanoscopic systems. We report computer simulations of a liquid\ncrystal system of prolate molecules (mesogens) sandwiched between flat walls,\nand exposed to a time-dependent external field. We find that a switchable\nsmectic domain forms for sufficiently high frequency. Although pressure and\ntemperature are too low to induce an equilibrium smectic phase, the\nfluctuations of the pressure in the NEQ steady state match the pressure\nfluctuations characteristic of the equilibrium smectic phase. Furthermore, the\n{\\it wall-normal} pressure fluctuations give rise to a {\\it tangential}\n\"fluctuation-vorticity\" tensor that specifies the symmetry-breaking direction\nof the smectic layers.\n  Our calculations demonstrate a novel method through which nanomaterials with\na high degree of molecular order may be manufactured in principle.",
        "positive": "Re-entrant behavior of relaxation time with viscosity at varying\n  composition in binary mixtures: In order to understand the long known anomalies in the composition dependence\nof diffusion and viscosity of binary mixtures, we introduce here two new models\nand carry out extensive molecular dynamic simulations. In these models, the two\nmolecular species (A and B) have the same diameter and mass. In model I the\ninter-species interaction is more attractive than that between the pure\ncomponents, while the reverse is true for model II. Simulations and also mode\ncoupling theory calculations reveal that the models can capture a wide variety\nof behavior observed in experiments, most interesting among them are the\nnon-monotonic variation of diffusion and viscosity with the composition and the\nre-entrant viscosity dependence of the relaxation time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A spatial model of autocatalytic reactions: Biological cells with all of their surface structure and complex interior\nstripped away are essentially vesicles - membranes composed of lipid bilayers\nwhich form closed sacs. Vesicles are thought to be relevant as models of\nprimitive protocells, and they could have provided the ideal environment for\npre-biotic reactions to occur. In this paper, we investigate the stochastic\ndynamics of a set of autocatalytic reactions, within a spatially bounded\ndomain, so as to mimic a primordial cell. The discreteness of the constituents\nof the autocatalytic reactions gives rise to large sustained oscillations, even\nwhen the number of constituents is quite large. These oscillations are\nspatio-temporal in nature, unlike those found in previous studies, which\nconsisted only of temporal oscillations. We speculate that these oscillations\nmay have a role in seeding membrane instabilities which lead to vesicle\ndivision. In this way synchronization could be achieved between protocell\ngrowth and the reproduction rate of the constituents (the protogenetic\nmaterial) in simple protocells.",
        "positive": "Schwinger-boson approach to quantum spin systems: Gaussian fluctuactions\n  in the \"natural\" gauge: We compute the Gaussian-fluctuation corrections to the saddle-point\nSchwinger-boson results using collective coordinate methods. Concrete\napplication to investigate the frustrated J1-J2 antiferromagnet on the square\nlattice shows that, unlike the saddle-point predictions, there is a quantum\nnonmagnetic phase for 0.53 < J2/J1 < 0.64. This result is obtained by\nconsidering the corrections to the spin stiffness on large lattices and\nextrapolating to the thermodynamic limit, which avoids the infinite-lattice\ninfrared divergencies associated to Bose condensation. The very good agreement\nof our results with exact numerical values on finite clusters lends support to\nthe calculational scheme employed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A measure of dissimilarity between diffusive processes on networks: In this paper, we present a framework to compare the differences in the\noccupation probabilities of two random walk processes, which can be generated\nby modifications of the network or the transition probabilities between the\nnodes of the same network. We explore a dissimilarity measure defined in terms\nof the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the normalized Laplacian of each\nprocess. This formalism is implemented to examine differences in the diffusive\ndynamics described by circulant matrices, the effect of new edges, and the\nrewiring in networks as well as to evaluate divergences in the transport in\ndegree-biased random walks and random walks with stochastic reset. Our results\nprovide a general tool to compare dynamical processes on networks considering\nthe evolution of states and capturing the complexity of these structures.",
        "positive": "Equation of state of two--dimensional $^3$He at zero temperature: We have performed a Quantum Monte Carlo study of a two-dimensional bulk\nsample of interacting 1/2-spin structureless fermions, a model of $^3$He\nadsorbed on a variety of preplated graphite substrates. We have computed the\nequation of state and the polarization energy using both the standard\nfixed-node approximate technique and a formally exact methodology, relying on\nbosonic imaginary-time correlation functions of operators suitably chosen in\norder to extract fermionic energies. As the density increases, the fixed-node\napproximation predicts a transition to an itinerant ferromagnetic fluid,\nwhereas the unbiased methodology indicates that the paramagnetic fluid is the\nstable phase until crystallization takes place. We find that two-dimensional\n$^3$He at zero temperature crystallizes from the paramagnetic fluid at a\ndensity of 0.061 \\AA$^{-2}$ with a narrow coexistence region of about 0.002\n\\AA$^{-2}$. Remarkably, the spin susceptibility turns out in very good\nagreement with experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical models of mixtures with a biaxial nematic phase: We consider a simple Maier-Saupe statistical model with the inclusion of\ndisorder degrees of freedom to mimic the phase diagram of a mixture of rod-like\nand disc-like molecules. A quenched distribution of shapes leads to the\nexistence of a stable biaxial nematic phase, in qualitative agreement with\nexperimental findings for some ternary lyotropic liquid mixtures. An annealed\ndistribution, however, which is more adequate to liquid mixtures, precludes the\nstability of this biaxial phase. We then use a two-temperature formalism, and\nassume a separation of relaxation times, to show that a partial degree of\nannealing is already sufficient to stabilize a biaxial nematic structure.",
        "positive": "Tumbling of Polymers in a Random Flow with Mean Shear: A polymer placed in chaotic flow with large mean shear tumbles, making\na-periodic flips. We describe the statistics of angular orientation, as well as\nof tumbling time (separating two subsequent flips) of polymers in this flow.\nThe probability distribution function (PDF) of the polymer orientation is\npeaked around a shear-preferred direction. The tails of this angular PDF are\nalgebraic. The PDF of the tumbling time, $\\tau$, has a maximum at the value\nestimated as inverse Lyapunov exponent of the flow. This PDF shows an\nexponential tail for large $\\tau$ and a small-$\\tau$ tail determined by the\nsimultaneous statistics of velocity PDF."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wealth Distribution Models with Regulations: Dynamics and Equilibria: Simple agent based exchange models are a commonplace in the study of wealth\ndistribution in an artificial economy. Generally, in a system that is composed\nof many agents characterized by their wealth and risk-aversion factor, two\nagents are selected sequentially and randomly to exchange wealth, allowing for\nits redistribution. Here we analyze how the effect of a social protection\npolicy, which favors agents of lower wealth during the exchange, influences\nstability and some relevant economic indicators of the system. On the other\nhand, we study how periods of interruption of these policies produce, in the\nshort and long term, changes in the system. In most cases, a steady state is\nreached, but with varying relaxation times. We conclude that regulations may\nimprove economic mobility and reduce inequality. Moreover, our results indicate\nthat the removal of social protection entails a high cost associated with the\nhysteresis of the distribution of wealth. Economic inequalities increase during\na period without social protection, but also they remain high for an even\nlonger time and, in some extreme cases, inequality may be irreversible,\nindicating that the withdrawal of social protection yields a high cost\nassociated with the hysteresis of the distribution of wealth.",
        "positive": "Description of a stochastic system by a nonadapted stochastic process: An approach for the description of stochastic systems is derived. Some of the\nvariables in the system are studied forward in time, others backward in time.\nThe approach is based on a perturbation expansion in the strength of the\ncoupling between forward and backward variables, and is well suited for\nsituations in which initial and final conditions are imposed on different\ncomponents of the system and the coupling between those components is weak. The\nform of the stochastic equations in our approach is determined by requiring\nthat they generate the same statistics obtained in a forward description of the\ndynamics. Numerical tests are carried out on a few simple two-degree-of-freedom\nsystems. The merit and the difficulties of the approach are discussed and\ncompared to more traditional strategies based on transition path sampling and\nsimple shooting algorithms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conditioned random walks and interaction-driven condensation: We consider a discrete-time continuous-space random walk under the\nconstraints that the number of returns to the origin (local time) and the total\narea under the walk are fixed. We first compute the joint probability of an\nexcursion having area $a$ and returning to the origin for the first time after\ntime $\\tau$. We then show how condensation occurs when the total area\nconstraint is increased: an excursion containing a finite fraction of the area\nemerges. Finally we show how the phenomena generalises previously studied cases\nof condensation induced by several constraints and how it is related to\ninteraction-driven condensation which allows us to explain the phenomenon in\nthe framework of large deviation theory.",
        "positive": "Out-of-equilibrium dynamics arising from slow round-trip variations of\n  Hamiltonian parameters across quantum and classical critical points: We address the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of many-body systems subject to\nslow time-dependent round-trip protocols across quantum and classical (thermal)\nphase transitions. We consider protocols where one relevant parameter w is\nslowly changed across its critical point wc = 0, linearly in time with a large\ntime scale ts, from wi < 0 to wf > 0 and then back to wi < 0, thus entailing\nmultiple passages through the critical point. Analogously to the one-way\nKibble-Zurek protocols across a critical point, round-trip protocols develop\ndynamic scaling behaviors at both classical and quantum transitions, put\nforward within renormalization-group frameworks. The scaling scenario is\nanalyzed within some paradigmatic models undergoing quantum and classical\ntransitions belonging to the two-dimensional Ising universality class, such as\none-dimensional quantum Ising models and fermionic wires, and two-dimensional\nclassical Ising models (supplemented with a purely relaxational dynamics).\nWhile the dynamic scaling frameworks are similar for classical and quantum\nsystems, substantial differences emerge due to the different nature of their\ndynamics, which is purely relaxational for classical systems (implying\nthermalization in the large-time limit at fixed model parameters), and unitary\nin the case of quantum systems. In particular, when the critical point\nseparates two gapped (short-ranged) phases and the extreme value wf > 0 is kept\nfixed in the large-ts limit of the round-trip protocol, we observe\nhysteresis-like scenarios in classical systems, while quantum systems do not\napparently develop a sufficiently robust scaling limit along the return way,\ndue to the presence of rapidly oscillating relative phases among the relevant\nquantum states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maximum Caliber: a general variational principle for dynamical systems: We review here {\\it Maximum Caliber} (Max Cal), a general variational\nprinciple for inferring distributions of paths in dynamical processes and\nnetworks. Max Cal is to dynamical trajectories what the principle of {\\it\nMaximum Entropy} (Max Ent) is to equilibrium states or stationary populations.\nIn Max Cal, you maximize a path entropy over all possible pathways, subject to\ndynamical constraints, in order to predict relative path weights. Many\nwell-known relationships of Non-Equilibrium Statistical Physics -- such as the\nGreen-Kubo fluctuation-dissipation relations, Onsager's reciprocal relations,\nand Prigogine's Minimum Entropy Production -- are limited to near-equilibrium\nprocesses. Max Cal is more general. While it can readily derive these results\nunder those limits, Max Cal is also applicable far from equilibrium. We give\nrecent examples of MaxCal as a method of inference about trajectory\ndistributions from limited data, finding reaction coordinates in bio-molecular\nsimulations, and modeling the complex dynamics of non-thermal systems such as\ngene regulatory networks or the collective firing of neurons. We also survey\nits basis in principle, and some limitations.",
        "positive": "Simple relationship between the virial-route hypernetted-chain and the\n  compressibility-route Percus--Yevick values of the fourth virial coefficient: As is well known, approximate integral equations for liquids, such as the\nhypernetted chain (HNC) and Percus--Yevick (PY) theories, are in general\nthermodynamically inconsistent in the sense that the macroscopic properties\nobtained from the spatial correlation functions depend on the route followed.\nIn particular, the values of the fourth virial coefficient $B_4$ predicted by\nthe HNC and PY approximations via the virial route differ from those obtained\nvia the compressibility route. Despite this, it is shown in this paper that the\nvalue of $B_4$ obtained from the virial route in the HNC theory is exactly\nthree halves the value obtained from the compressibility route in the PY\ntheory, irrespective of the interaction potential (whether isotropic or not),\nthe number of components, and the dimensionality of the system. This simple\nrelationship is confirmed in one-component systems by analytical results for\nthe one-dimensional penetrable-square-well model and the three-dimensional\npenetrable-sphere model, as well as by numerical results for the\none-dimensional Lennard--Jones model, the one-dimensional Gaussian core model,\nand the three-dimensional square-well model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo simulations of vector pseudospins for strains:\n  Microstructures, and martensitic conversion times: We present systematic temperature-quench Monte Carlo simulations on\ndiscrete-strain pseudospin model Hamiltonians to study microstructural\nevolutions in 2D ferroelastic transitions with two-component vector order\nparameters ($N_{OP}=2$). The zero value pseudospin is the single\nhigh-temperature phase while the low-temperature phase has $N_v$ variants. Thus\nthe number of nonzero values of pseudospin are triangle-to-centered rectangle\n($N_v=3$), square-to-oblique ($N_v=4$) and triangle-to-oblique ($N_v=6$). The\nmodel Hamiltonians contain a transition-specific Landau energy term, a domain\nwall cost or Ginzburg term, and power-law anisotropic interaction potential,\ninduced from a strain compatibility condition. On quenching below a transition\ntemperature, we find behaviour similar to the previously studied\nsquare-to-rectangle transition ($N_{OP} =1, N_v = 2$), showing that the rich\nbehaviour found, is generic. Thus we find for two-component order parameters,\nthat the same Hamiltonian can describe both athermal and isothermal martensite\nregimes for different material parameters. The athermal/isothermal/austenite\nparameter regimes and temperature-time-transformation diagrams are understood,\nas previously, through parametrization of effective-droplet energies. In the\nathermal regime, we find rapid conversions below a spinodal like temperature\nand austenite-martensite conversion delays above it, as in the experiment. The\ndelays show early incubation behaviour, and at the transition to austenite the\ndelay times have Vogel-Fulcher divergences and are insensitive to Hamiltonian\nenergy scales, suggesting that entropy barriers are dominant.",
        "positive": "Partial and complete wetting of droplets of active Brownian particles: We study wetting droplets formed of active Brownian particles in contact with\na repulsive potential barrier, in a wedge geometry. Our numerical results\ndemonstrate a transition between partially wet and completely wet states, as a\nfunction of the barrier height, analogous to the corresponding surface phase\ntransition in passive fluids. We analyse partially wet configurations\ncharacterised by a nonzero contact angle $\\theta$ between the droplet surface\nand the barrier, including the average density profile and its fluctuations.\nThese findings are compared with two equilibrium systems: a Lennard-Jones fluid\nand a simple contour model for a liquid-vapour interface. We locate the wetting\ntransition where $\\cos(\\theta)=1$, and the neutral state where\n$\\cos(\\theta)=0$. We discuss the implications of these results for possible\ndefinitions of surface tensions in active fluids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian motion in superfluid $^4$He: We propose to study the Brownian motion of a classical microsphere submerged\nin superfluid $^4$He using the recent laser technology as a direct\ninvestigation of the thermal fluctuations of quasiparticles in the quantum\nfluid. By calculating the temperature dependence of both the friction\ncoefficient and the strength of the random force, we show that the resonant\nmode of the fluctuational motion can be fully resolved by the present\ntechnology. Contrary to the previous work, it is found that the roton\ncontribution is not negligible, and it even becomes dominant when the\ntemperature is above 0.76\\,K.",
        "positive": "Stochastic bistable systems, and competing hysteresis and phase\n  coexistence: In this paper we describe the solution of a stochastic bistable system from a\ndynamical perspective. We show how a single framework with variable noise can\nexplain hysteresis at zero temperature and two-state coexistence in the\npresence of noise. This feature is similar to the phase transition of\nthermodynamics. Our mathematical model for bistable systems also explains how\nthe width of a hysteresis loop shrinks in the presence of noise, and how\nvariation in initial conditions can take such systems to different final\nstates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution for core-collapsed isothermal star clusters: Star clusters in isothermal spheres are studied from a thermodynamic point of\nview. New density profiles are presented, that describe the collapsed phase at\nlow temperatures. At the transition a set of binaries is formed that carries 13\n% of the gravitational energy, while also a huge latent heat is generated. The\ntotal energy of the binaries is fixed by thermodynamics. In the canonical\nensemble all specific heats are positive, while previously discussed negative\nspecific heat solutions are metastable. In a microcanonical ensemble the latter\nremain partly dominant.",
        "positive": "Generalized space-time fractional dynamics in networks and lattices: We analyze generalized space-time fractional motions on undirected networks\nand lattices. The continuous-time random walk (CTRW) approach of Montroll and\nWeiss is employed to subordinate a space fractional walk to a generalization of\nthe time-fractional Poisson renewal process. This process introduces a\nnon-Markovian walk with long-time memory effects and fat-tailed characteristics\nin the waiting time density. We analyze `generalized space-time fractional\ndiffusion' in the infinite $\\it d$-dimensional integer lattice $\\it\n\\mathbb{Z}^d$. We obtain in the diffusion limit a `macroscopic' space-time\nfractional diffusion equation. Classical CTRW models such as with Laskin's\nfractional Poisson process and standard Poisson process which occur as special\ncases are also analyzed. The developed generalized space-time fractional CTRW\nmodel contains a four-dimensional parameter space and offers therefore a great\nflexibility to describe real-world situations in complex systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partisan Voter Model: Stochastic description and noise-induced\n  transitions: We give a comprehensive mean-field analysis of the Partisan Voter Model (PVM)\nand report analytical results for exit probabilities, fixation times, and the\nquasi-stationary distribution. In addition, and similarly to the noisy voter\nmodel, we introduce a noisy version of the PVM, named as the Noisy Partisan\nVoter Model (NPVM) which accounts for the preferences of each agent for the two\npossible states, as well as for idiosyncratic spontaneous changes of state. We\nfind that the finite-size noise-induced transition of the noisy voter model is\nmodified in the NPVM leading to the emergence of new intermediate phases and\nboth continuous and discontinuous transitions.",
        "positive": "Investigation of surface critical behavior of semi-infinite systems with\n  cubic anisotropy: The critical behavior at the special surface transition and crossover\nbevavior from special to ordinary surface transition in semi-infinite\nn-component anisotropic cubic models are investigated by applying the field\ntheoretic approach directly in d=3 dimensions up to the two-loop approximation.\nThe crossover behavior for random semi-infinite Ising-like system, which is the\nnontrivial particular case of the cubic model in the limit $n\\to 0$, is also\ninvestigated. The numerical estimates of the resulting two-loop series\nexpansions for the critical exponents of the special surface transition,\nsurface crossover critical exponent $\\Phi$ and the surface critical exponents\nof the layer, $\\alpha_{1}$, and local specific heats, $\\alpha_{11}$, are\ncomputed by means of Pade and Pade-Borel resummation techniques. For $n<n_{c}$\nthe system belongs to the universality class of the isotropic n-component\nmodel, while for $n>n_{c}$ the cubic fixed point is stable, where $n_{c}$ is\nthe marginal spin dimensionality of the cubic model. The obtained results\nindicate that the surface critical behavior of semi-infinite systems with cubic\nanisotropy is characterized by new set of surface critical exponents for\n$n>n_{c}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact results for a noise-induced bistable system: A stochastic system where bistability is caused by noise has been recently\ninvestigated by Biancalani et al. (PRL 112:038101, 2014). They have computed\nthe mean switching time for such a system using a continuous Fokker-Planck\nequation derived from the Taylor expansion of the Master equation to estimate\nthe parameter of such a system from experiment. In this article, we provide the\nexact solution for the full discrete system without resorting to continuous\napproximation and obtain the expression for the mean switching time. We further\nextend this investigation by solving exactly the Master equation and obtaining\nthe expression of other quantities of interests such as the dynamics of the\nmoments and the equilibrium time.",
        "positive": "Dirichlet random walks of two steps: Random walks of n steps taken into independent uniformly random directions in\na d-dimensional Euclidean space (d larger than 1), are named Dirichlet when\ntheir step lengths are distributed according to a Dirichlet law. The latter\ncontinuous multivariate distribution, which depends on n positive parameters,\ngeneralizes the beta distribution (n=2). The sum of step lengths is thus fixed\nand equal to 1. In the present work, the probability density function of the\ndistance from the endpoint to the origin is first made explicit for a symmetric\nDirichlet random walk of two steps which depends on a single positive parameter\nq. It is valid for any positive q and for all d larger than 1. The latter pdf\nis used in turn to express the related density of a random walk of two steps\nwhose step length is distributed according to an asymmetric beta distribution\nwhich depends on two parameters, namely q and q+s where s is a positive\ninteger."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometric Universality of Currents: We discuss a non-equilibrium statistical system on a graph or network.\nIdentical particles are injected, interact with each other, traverse, and leave\nthe graph in a stochastic manner described in terms of Poisson rates, possibly\ndependent on time and instantaneous occupation numbers at the nodes of the\ngraph. We show that under the assumption of constancy of the relative rates,\nthe system demonstrates a profound statistical symmetry, resulting in geometric\nuniversality of the statistics of the particle currents. This phenomenon\napplies broadly to many man-made and natural open stochastic systems, such as\nqueuing of packages over the internet, transport of electrons and\nquasi-particles in mesoscopic systems, and chains of reactions in bio-chemical\nnetworks. We illustrate the utility of our general approach using two enabling\nexamples from the two latter disciplines.",
        "positive": "The Dynamics of the Linear Random Farmer Model: On the framework of the Linear Farmer's Model, we approach the indeterminacy\nof agents' behaviour by associating with each agent an unconditional\nprobability for her to be active at each time step.\n  We show that Pareto tailed returns can appear even if value investors are the\nonly strategies on the market and give a procedure for the determination of the\ntail exponent.\n  Numerical results indicate that the returns' distribution is heavy tailed and\nvolatility is clustered if trading occurs at the zero Lyapunov (critical)\npoint."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Open statistical ensemble: new properties (scale invariance, application\n  to small systems, meaning of surface particles, etc.): A new statistical ensemble is examined using the example of classical\none-component simple fluid. It's logical to call it an open ensemble, because\nits peculiarity is the inclusion in the consideration some surrounding area.\nCalculations point to the necessity of taking into account the restricting\nsurface, exactly when the system is not separated by anything from the bath,\nand the whole medium is uniform.\n  The \"surface tension coefficient\", included in the partition function\ncorresponds to the interface of the fluid and hard solid, due to the strict\ncompliance of probability and potential limitations. The number of surface\nparticles corresponds exactly to near surface number density distortions\n(oscillations) arising in the neighborhood of fluctuation cavities.\n  In contrast to grand canonical ensemble, an open statistical ensemble\nsatisfies the scale invariance requirement: general term of the included\nsubsystem distribution corresponds to that of the original system.\n  It is this ensemble which should be used where consideration of a truly open\nsystem is required, since it properly integrates the surface terms.\nFurthermore, this ensemble may be employed in studies of small systems, since\nit has no lower limits for the volume of the system. Finally, it is useful in\nthe investigation of fluctuations. For example, it demonstrates that the\nvariance (the mean square deviation) of the number of particles is divided into\nthe bulk and surface terms.",
        "positive": "A DMRG study of the q-symmetric Heisenberg chain: The spin one-half Heisenberg chain with $U_q[SU(2)]$ symmetry is studied via\ndensity-matrix renormalization. Ground-state energy and $q$-symmetric\ncorrelation functions are calculated for the non-hermitian case\n$q=\\exp(i\\pi/(r+1))$ with integer $r$. This gives bulk and surface exponents\nfor (para)fermionic correlations in the related Ising and Potts models. The\ncase of real $q$ corresponding to a diffusion problem is treated analytically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The 3D Dimer and Ising Problems Revisited: We express the finite 3D Dimer partition function as a linear combination of\ndeterminants of oriented adjacency matrices, and the finite 3D Ising partition\nsum as a linear combination of products over aperiodic closed walks. The\nmethodology we use is embedding of cubic lattice on 2D surfaces of large genus.",
        "positive": "Persistence of Random Walk Records: We study records generated by Brownian particles in one dimension.\nSpecifically, we investigate an ordinary random walk and define the record as\nthe maximal position of the walk. We compare the record of an individual random\nwalk with the mean record, obtained as an average over infinitely many\nrealizations. We term the walk \"superior\" if the record is always above\naverage, and conversely, the walk is said to be \"inferior\" if the record is\nalways below average. We find that the fraction of superior walks, S, decays\nalgebraically with time, S ~ t^(-beta), in the limit t --> infty, and that the\npersistence exponent is nontrivial, beta=0.382258.... The fraction of inferior\nwalks, I, also decays as a power law, I ~ t^(-alpha), but the persistence\nexponent is smaller, alpha=0.241608.... Both exponents are roots of\ntranscendental equations involving the parabolic cylinder function. To obtain\nthese theoretical results, we analyze the joint density of superior walks with\ngiven record and position, while for inferior walks it suffices to study the\ndensity as function of position."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slow quenches in a quantum Ising chain; dynamical phase transitions and\n  topology: We study the slow quenching dynamics (characterized by an inverse rate,\n$\\tau^{-1}$) of a one-dimensional transverse Ising chain with nearest neighbor\nferromagentic interactions across the quantum critical point (QCP) and analyze\nthe Loschmidt overlap {measured using the subsequent temporal evolution of the\nfinal wave function (reached at the end of the quenching) with the final\ntime-independent Hamiltonian}. Studying the Fisher zeros of the corresponding\ngeneralized \"partition function\", we probe non-analyticities manifested in the\nrate function of the return probability known as dynamical phase transitions\n(DPTs). In contrast to the sudden quenching case, we show that DPTs survive {in\nthe subsequent temporal evolution following the quenching across two critical\npoints of the model for a sufficiently slow rate; furthermore, an interesting\n\"lobe\" structure of Fisher zeros emerge.} We have also made a connection to\ntopological aspects studying the dynamical topological order parameter\n($\\nu_D(t)$), as a function of time ($t$) {measured from the instant when the\nquenching is complete. Remarkably, the time evolution of $\\nu_D(t)$ exhibits\ndrastically different behavior following quenches across a single QCP and two\nQCPs. } {In the former case, $\\nu_D (t)$ increases step-wise by unity at every\nDPT (i.e., $\\Delta \\nu_D =1$). In the latter case, on the other hand,\n$\\nu_D(t)$ essentially oscillates between 0 and 1 (i.e., successive DPTs occur\nwith $\\Delta \\nu_D =1$ and $\\Delta \\nu_D =-1$, respectively), except for\ninstants where it shows a sudden jump by a factor of unity when two successive\nDPTs carry a topological charge of same sign.",
        "positive": "Scrambling of Quantum Information in Quantum Many-Body Systems: We systematically investigate scrambling (or delocalizing) processes of\nquantum information encoded in quantum many-body systems by using numerical\nexact diagonalization. As a measure of scrambling, we adopt the tripartite\nmutual information (TMI) that becomes negative when quantum information is\ndelocalized. We clarify that scrambling is an independent property of\nintegrability of Hamiltonians; TMI can be negative or positive for both\nintegrable and non-integrable systems. This implies that scrambling is a\nseparate concept from conventional quantum chaos characterized by\nnon-integrability. Furthermore, we calculate TMI in disordered systems such as\nmany-body localized (MBL) systems and the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. We\nfind that scrambling occurs but is slow in a MBL phase, while disorder in the\nSYK model does not make scrambling slower but makes it smoother."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological transitions in Ising models: The thermal dynamics of the two-dimensional Ising model and quantum dynamics\nof the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model (TFIM) are mapped to one\nanother through the transfer-matrix formalism. We show that the fermionised\nTFIM undergoes a Fermi-surface topology-changing Lifshitz transition at its\ncritical point. We identify the degree of freedom which tracks the Lifshitz\ntransition via changes in topological quantum numbers (e.g., Chern number,\nBerry phase etc.). An emergent $SU(2)$ symmetry at criticality is observed to\nlead to a topological quantum number different from that which characterises\nthe ordered phase. The topological transition is also understood via a spectral\nflow thought-experiment in a Thouless charge pump, revealing the bulk-boundary\ncorrespondence across the transition. The duality property of the phases and\ntheir entanglement content are studied, revealing a holographic relation with\nthe entanglement at criticality. The effects of a non-zero longitudinal field\nand interactions that scatter across the singular Fermi surface are treated\nwithin the renormalisation group (RG) formalism. The analysis reveals that the\ncritical point of the 1D TFIM and the 1D spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain are\nconnected via a line of $SU(2)$-symmetric theories. We extend our analysis to\nshow that the classical to quantum correspondence links the critical theories\nof Ising models in various dimensions holographically through the universal\neffective Hamiltonian that describes the Lifshitz transition of the 1D TFIM. We\nobtain in this way a unified perspective of transitions in Ising models that\nlie beyond the traditional Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson paradigm. We discuss the\nconsequences of our results for similar topological transitions observed in\nclassical spin models, topological insulators, superconductors and lattice\ngauge-field theories which are related to the Ising universality class.",
        "positive": "Non mean-field behavior of the contact process on scale-free networks: We present an analysis of the classical contact process on scale-free\nnetworks. A mean-field study, both for finite and infinite network sizes,\nyields an absorbing-state phase transition at a finite critical value of the\ncontrol parameter, characterized by a set of exponents depending on the network\nstructure. Since finite size effects are large and the infinite network limit\ncannot be reached in practice, a numerical study of the transition requires the\napplication of finite size scaling theory. Contrary to other critical phenomena\nstudied previously, the contact process in scale-free networks exhibits a\nnon-trivial critical behavior that cannot be quantitatively accounted for by\nmean-field theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vector chiral spin liquid phase in absence of geometrical frustration: Making use of detailed classical Monte Carlo simulations, we study the\ncritical properties of a two dimensional planar spin model on a square lattice\ncomposed by weakly interacting helimagnetic chains. We find a large temperature\nwindow where the vector chirality order parameter, <k_{jk}>=<S_j x S_k>, the\nkey quantity in multiferroic systems, takes nonzero value in absence of\nlong-range order or quasi-long-range order, so that, our model is the first\nexample where, at finite temperatures, a vector chiral spin liquid phase in\nabsence of geometrical frustration is explicitly reported. We also show that\nthe strength of interchain interaction is fundamental in order to obtain the\nvector chiral spin liquid phase. The relevance of our results for\nthree-dimensional models is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of computing with circuits: Digital computers implement computations using circuits, as do many naturally\noccurring systems (e.g., gene regulatory networks). The topology of any such\ncircuit restricts which variables may be physically coupled during the\noperation of a circuit. We investigate how such restrictions on the physical\ncoupling affects the thermodynamic costs of running the circuit. To do this we\nfirst calculate the minimal additional entropy production that arises when we\nrun a given gate in a circuit. We then build on this calculation, to analyze\nhow the thermodynamic costs of implementing a computation with a full circuit,\ncomprising multiple connected gates, depends on the topology of that circuit.\nThis analysis provides a rich new set of optimization problems that must be\naddressed by any designer of a circuit, if they wish to minimize thermodynamic\ncosts."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary layers in stochastic thermodynamics: We study the problem of optimizing released heat or dissipated work in\nstochastic thermodynamics. In the overdamped limit these functionals have\nsingular solutions, previously interpreted as protocol jumps. We show that a\nregularization, penalizing a properly defined acceleration, changes the jumps\ninto boundary layers of finite width. We show that in the limit of vanishing\nboundary layer width no heat is dissipated in the boundary layer, while work\ncan be done. We further give a new interpretation of the fact that the optimal\nprotocols in the overdamped limit are given by optimal deterministic transport\n(Burgers equation).",
        "positive": "Thermal brachistochrone for harmonically confined Brownian particles: The overdamped Brownian dynamics of a harmonic oscillator is a paradigmatic\nsystem in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, which reliably models relevant\nstochastic systems such as colloidal particles submitted to optical\nconfinement. In this work, optimal thermal protocols are tailored to minimise\nthe connection time between equilibrium states of overdamped $d$-dimensional\noscillators. Application of control theory reveals that these optimal protocols\nare of bang-bang type, that is, the temperature of the bath has to take\nalternatively the minimum and maximum values allowed. Minimum connection times\nincrease with the considered dimension $d$. Remarkably, this is the case even\nfor symmetric oscillators, for example, with spherical symmetry -- in which the\ndegeneracy of the elastic constant along the $d$ possible directions seems to\nimply a minimum connection time equal to that for the one-dimensional case.\nThis surprising unavoidable price to pay when increasing dimension is\nthoroughly investigated and understood on a physical basis. Moreover,\ninformation theory tools such as the thermodynamic length and its divergence\nare analysed over the brachistochrone."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Momentum transfer in non-equilibrium steady states: When a Brownian object interacts with non-interacting gas particles under\nnon-equilibrium conditions, the energy dissipation associated to the Brownian\nmotion causes an additional force on the object as a `momentum transfer\ndeficit'. This principle is demonstrated first by a new NESS model and then\napplied to several known models such as adiabatic piston for which simple\nexplanation has been lacking.",
        "positive": "Variational Method for Calculation of Plasma Phase Diagrams in Path\n  Integral Representation: The use of variational method in functional integral approach is discussed\nfor fermion and boson systems with Coulomb interaction. The formal general\nexpression of thermodynamic potential is obtained by Feynman path integral\ntechnique and representation of Coulomb interaction with functional integrals.\nIntroduced additional complex field show to transform the problem to\ncalculation of functional integrals containing third order vertices. The\nthermodynamic potential can be found from variational principle with respect to\nfield cumulants. The calculation of the equation of state and critical\nproperties is demonstrated for symmetrical plasma by variation of finite number\nof parameters in the propagator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficient circular Dyson Brownian motion algorithm: Circular Dyson Brownian motion describes the equilibrium and non-equilibrium\nlevel dynamics of unitary (\"circular\") matrices within the log-gas picture of\nrandom matrix theory. A common scenario is that one wants to know about a\nspectrum evolved over a certain interval of time, without being interested in\nthe intermediate dynamics. Numerical evaluation of this is computationally\nexpensive as the time-evolution algorithm is accurate only on short time\nintervals because of an underlying perturbative approximation, leading to the\nneed of extensively many intermediate evaluations. This work proposes an\nefficient and easy-to-implement improved circular Dyson Brownian motion\nalgorithm for models with broken time-reversal symmetry. This algorithm can be\nseen as a generalization of a commonly used algorithm generating samples from\nthe circular unitary ensemble. The algorithm allows one to study time-evolution\nover arbitrarily large intervals of time at a fixed computational cost, with no\napproximations being involved.",
        "positive": "Active matter: The study of systems with sustained energy uptake and dissipation at the\nscale of the constituent particles is an area of central interest in\nnonequilibrium statistical physics. Identifying such systems as a distinct\ncategory -- Active Matter -- unifies our understanding of autonomous collective\nmove- ment in the living world and in some surprising inanimate imitations. In\nthis article I present the Active Matter framework, briefly recall some early\nwork, review our recent results on single-particle and collective behaviour,\nincluding experiments on active granular monolayers, and discuss new directions\nfor the future."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hidden correlations entailed by q-non additivity render the q-monoatomic\n  gas highly non trivial: It ts known that Tsallis' q-non-additivity entails hidden correlations. It\nhas also been shown that even for a monoatomic gas, both the q-partition\nfunction $Z$ and the mean energy $<U>$ diverge and, in particular, exhibit\npoles for certain values of the Tsallis non additivity parameter $q$. This\nhappens because $Z$ and $<U>$ both depend on a $\\Gamma$-function. This\n$\\Gamma$, in turn, depends upon the spatial dimension $\\nu$. We encounter three\ndifferent regimes according to the argument $A$ of the $\\Gamma$-function. (1)\n$A>0$, (2) $A<0$ and $\\Gamma>0$ outside the poles. (3) $A$ displays poles and\nthe physics is obtained via dimensional regularization. In cases (2) and (3)\none discovers gravitational effects and quartets of particles. Moreover, bound\nstates and gravitational effects emerge as a consequence of the hidden\nq-correlations.",
        "positive": "Geometrical Formulation of Adiabatic Pumping as a Heat Engine: We investigate a heat engine under an adiabatic (Thouless) pumping process.\nIn this process, the extracted work and lower bound on dissipated availability\nare characterized by a vector potential and a Riemannian metric tensor,\nrespectively. We derive a trade-off relation between the power and effective\nefficiency. We also explicitly calculate the trade-off relation as well as the\npower and effective efficiency for a spin-boson model coupled to two\nreservoirs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy favors heterogeneous structures of networks near the rigidity\n  threshold: The dynamical properties and mechanical functions of amorphous materials are\ngoverned by their microscopic structures, particularly the elasticity of the\ninteraction networks, which is generally complicated by structural\nheterogeneity. This ubiquitous heterogeneous nature of amorphous materials is\nintriguingly attributed to a complex role of entropy. Here, we show in\ndisordered networks that the vibrational entropy increases by creating\nphase-separated structures when the interaction connectivity is close to the\nonset of network rigidity. The stress-energy, which conversely penalizes the\nheterogeneity, finally dominates a smaller vicinity of the rigidity threshold\nat the glass transition and creates a homogeneous intermediate phase. This\npicture of structures changing between homogeneous and heterogeneous phases by\nvarying connectivity provides an interpretation of the transitions observed in\nchalcogenide glasses.",
        "positive": "Nonzero temperature Entanglement Negativity of quantum spin models: Area\n  law, Linked Cluster Expansions and Sudden Death: We show that the bipartite logarithmic entanglement negativity (EN) of\nquantum spin models obeys an area law at all nonzero temperatures. We develop\nnumerical linked cluster (NLC) expansions for the `area-law' logarithmic\nentanglement negativity as a function of temperature and other parameters. For\none-dimensional models the results of NLC are compared with exact\ndiagonalization on finite systems and are found to agree very well. The NLC\nresults are also obtained for two dimensional XXZ and transverse-field Ising\nmodels. In all cases, we find a sudden onset (or sudden death) of negativity at\na finite temperature above which the negativity is zero. We use perturbation\ntheory to develop a physical picture for this sudden onset (or sudden death).\nThe onset of EN or its magnitude are insensitive to classical\nfinite-temperature phase transitions, supporting the argument for absence of\nany role of quantum mechanics at such transitions. On approach to a quantum\ncritical point at $T=0$, negativity shows critical scaling in size and\ntemperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A generalization of the Kullback-Leibler divergence and its properties: A generalized Kullback-Leibler relative entropy is introduced starting with\nthe symmetric Jackson derivative of the generalized overlap between two\nprobability distributions. The generalization retains much of the structure\npossessed by the original formulation. We present the fundamental properties\nincluding positivity, metricity, concavity, bounds and stability. In addition,\na connection to shift information and behavior under Liouville dynamics are\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Space- and time-crystallization effects in multicomponent superfluids: We observe that space- and time-crystallization effects in multicomponent\nsuperfluids---while having the same physical origin and mathematical\ndescription as in the single-component case---are conceptually much more\nstraightforward. Specifically, the values of the temporal and spatial periods\nare absolute rather than relative, and the broken translation symmetry in space\nand/or time can be revealed with experiments involving only one equilibrium\nsample. We discuss two realistic setups---one with cold atoms and another one\nwith bilayer superconductors---for observation of space and time\ncrystallization in two-component counterflow superfluids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coagulation kinetics beyond mean field theory using an optimised Poisson\n  representation: Binary particle coagulation can be modelled as the repeated random process of\nthe combination of two particles to form a third. The kinetics can be\nrepresented by population rate equations based on a mean field assumption,\naccording to which the rate of aggregation is taken to be proportional to the\nproduct of the mean populations of the two participants. This can be a poor\napproximation when the mean populations are small. However, using the Poisson\nrepresentation it is possible to derive a set of rate equations that go beyond\nmean field theory, describing pseudo-populations that are continuous, noisy and\ncomplex, but where averaging over the noise and initial conditions gives the\nmean of the physical population. Such an approach is explored for the simple\ncase of a size-independent rate of coagulation between particles. Analytical\nresults are compared with numerical computations and with results derived by\nother means. In the numerical work we encounter instabilities that can be\neliminated using a suitable 'gauge' transformation of the problem [P. D.\nDrummond, Eur. Phys. J. B38, 617 (2004)] which we show to be equivalent to the\napplication of the Cameron-Martin-Girsanov formula describing a shift in a\nprobability measure. The cost of such a procedure is to introduce additional\nstatistical noise into the numerical results, but we identify an optimised\ngauge transformation where this difficulty is minimal for the main properties\nof interest. For more complicated systems, such an approach is likely to be\ncomputationally cheaper than Monte Carlo simulation.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic and effective coarsening exponents in surface growth models: We consider a class of unstable surface growth models, z_t = -\\partial_x J,\ndeveloping a mound structure of size lambda and displaying a perpetual\ncoarsening process, i.e. an endless increase in time of lambda. The coarsening\nexponents n, defined by the growth law of the mound size lambda with time,\nlambda=t^n, were previously found by numerical integration of the growth\nequations [A. Torcini and P. Politi, Eur. Phys. J. B 25, 519 (2002)]. Recent\nanalytical work now allows to interpret such findings as finite time effective\nexponents. The asymptotic exponents are shown to appear at so large time that\ncannot be reached by direct integration of the growth equations. The reason for\nthe appearance of effective exponents is clearly identified."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correspondence between phase oscillator network and classical XY model\n  with the same infinite-range interaction in statics: We study the phase oscillator networks with distributed natural frequencies\nand classical XY models both of which have a class of infinite-range\ninteractions in common. We find that the integral kernel of the self-consistent\nequations (SCEs) for oscillator networks correspond to that of the saddle point\nequations (SPEs) for XY models, and that the quenched randomness (distributed\nnatural frequencies) corresponds to thermal noise. We find a sufficient\ncondition that the probability density of natural frequency distributions is\none-humped in order that the kernel in the oscillator network is strictly\ndecreasing as that in the XY model. Furthermore, taking the uniform and\nMexican-hat type interactions, we prove the one to one correspondence between\nthe solutions of the SCEs and SPEs. As an application of the correspondence, we\nstudy the associative memory type interaction. In the XY model with this\ninteraction, there exists a peculiar one-parameter family of solutions. For the\noscillator network, we find a non-trivial solution, i.e., a limit cycle\noscillation.",
        "positive": "Self-similarity breaking: Anomalous nonequilibrium finite-size scaling\n  and finite-time scaling: Symmetry breaking plays a pivotal role in modern physics. Although\nself-similarity is also a symmetry and appears ubiquitously in nature, a\nfundamental question is whether self-similarity breaking makes sense or not.\nHere, by identifying the most important kind of critical fluctuations dubbed as\nphases fluctuations and comparing the consequences of having self-similarity\nwith those of lacking self-similarity in the phases fluctuations, we show that\nself-similarity can indeed be broken with significant consequences at least in\nnonequilibrium situations. We find that the breaking of self-similarity results\nin new critical exponents which give rise to violation of the well-known\nfinite-size scaling or the less-known finite-time scaling and different leading\nexponents in the ordered and the disordered phases of the paradigmatic Ising\nmodel on two- or three-dimensional finite lattices when it subjects to the\nsimplest nonequilibrium driving of linear heating or cooling through its\ncritical point, in stark contrast to identical exponents and different\namplitudes in usual critical phenomena. Our results demonstrate how surprising\ndriven nonequilibrium critical phenomena can be. Application to other classical\nand quantum phase transitions is highly expected."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jarzynski equality and the second law of thermodynamics beyond the\n  weak-coupling limit: The quantum Brownian oscillator: We consider a time-dependent quantum linear oscillator coupled to a bath at\nan arbitrary strength. We then introduce a generalized Jarzynski equality (GJE)\nwhich includes the terms reflecting the system-bath coupling. This enables us\nto study systematically the coupling effect on the linear oscillator in a\nnon-equilibrium process. This is also associated with the second law of\nthermodynamics beyond the weak-coupling limit. We next take into consideration\nthe GJE in the classical limit. By this generalization we show that the\nJarzynski equality in its original form can be associated with the second law,\nin both quantal and classical domains, only in the vanishingly small coupling\nregime.",
        "positive": "Simulation of majority rule disturbed by power-law noise: Simulations are reported on the Ising two-dimensional ferromagnet in the\npresence of a special kind of noise. The noise spectrum P(n) follows a power\nlaw, where P(n) is the probability of flipping randomly selected n spins at\neach timestep. This is introduced to mimic the self-organized criticality as a\nmodel influence of a complex environment. We reproduced the phase transition\nsimilar to the case of P(n) = constant. Above some value of the noise amplitude\nthe magnetisation tends to zero; otherwise it remains constant after some\nrelaxation. Information of the initial spin orientation remains preserved to\nsome extent by short-range spin-spin correlations. The distribution of the\ntimes between flips is exponential. The results are discussed as a step towards\nmodeling of social systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "When you can't count, sample! Computable entropies beyond equilibrium\n  from basin volumes: In statistical mechanics, measuring the number of available states and their\nprobabilities, and thus the system's entropy, enables the prediction of the\nmacroscopic properties of a physical system at equilibrium. This predictive\ncapacity hinges on the knowledge of the a priori probabilities of observing the\nstates of the system, given by the Boltzmann distribution. Unfortunately, the\nsuccesses of equilibrium statistical mechanics are hard to replicate out of\nequilibrium, where the a priori probabilities of observing states are in\ngeneral not known, precluding the na\\\"ive application of usual tools. In the\nlast decade, exciting developments have occurred that enable the direct\nnumerical estimation of the entropy and density of states of athermal and\nnon-equilibrium systems, thanks to significant methodological advances in the\ncomputation of the volume of high-dimensional basins of attraction. Here, we\nprovide a detailed account of these methods, underscoring the challenges that\nlie in such estimations, recent progress on the matter, and promising\ndirections for future work.",
        "positive": "The dissipative phase transition in a pair of coupled noisy two-level\n  systems: We study the renormalization group (RG) equations of a pair of spin-boson\nsystems coupled in the z-direction with each other. Each spin is coupled to a\ndifferent bath of harmonic oscillators. We introduce a systematic adiabatic RG,\nwhich generalizes the first-order adiabatic renormalization previously used for\nthe single spin-boson model, and we obtain the flow equations for the tunneling\nconstant, the dissipation strength and the inter-spin coupling up to third\norder in the tunneling. If one of the two spins is treated as a constant\nmagnetization the other spin is described by a biased spin-boson Hamiltonian.\nIn this case the RG equations we find coincide with the ones obtained via a\nmapping to a long-range Ising chain. If the whole Ohmic two-spin system is\nconsidered the Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition is replaced by a\nsecond-order phase transition. In the case of a sub-Ohmic bath our approach\npredicts that the two-spin system is always localized."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Further evidence of the absence of Replica Symmetry Breaking in Random\n  Bond Potts Models: In this short note, we present supporting evidence for the replica symmetric\napproach to the random bond q-state Potts models. The evidence is statistically\nstrong enough to reject the applicability of the Parisi replica symmetry\nbreaking scheme to this class of models. The test we use is a generalization of\none formerly proposed by Dotsenko et al. and consists in measuring scaling laws\nof disordered-averaged moments of the spin-spin correlation functions.\nNumerical results, obtained via Monte Carlo simulations for several values of\nq, are shown to be in fair agreement with the replica symmetric values computed\nby using perturbative CFT for the second and third moments of the q=3 model.\nRSB effects, which should increase in strength with moment, are unobserved.",
        "positive": "An Exactly Solvable Anisotropic Directed Percolation Model in Three\n  Dimensions: We solve exactly a special case of the anisotropic directed bond percolation\nproblem in three dimensions, in which the occupation probability is 1 along two\nspatial directions, by mapping it to a five-vertex model. We determine the\nasymptotic shape of the ininite cluster and hence the direction dependent\ncritical probability. The exponents characterising the fluctuations of the\nboundary of the wetted cluster in d-dimensions are related to those of the\n(d-2)-dimensional KPZ equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Green's Functions from Quantum Cluster Algorithms: We show that cluster algorithms for quantum models have a meaning independent\nof the basis chosen to construct them. Using this idea, we propose a new method\nfor measuring with little effort a whole class of Green's functions, once a\ncluster algorithm for the partition function has been constructed. To explain\nthe idea, we consider the quantum XY model and compute its two point Green's\nfunction in various ways, showing that all of them are equivalent. We also\nprovide numerical evidence confirming the analytic arguments. Similar\ntechniques are applicable to other models. In particular, in the recently\nconstructed quantum link models, the new technique allows us to construct\nimproved estimators for Wilson loops and may lead to a very precise\ndetermination of the glueball spectrum.",
        "positive": "Voter model on Sierpinski fractals: We investigate the ordering of voter model on fractal lattices: Sierpinski\nCarpets and Sierpinski Gasket. We obtain a power law ordering, similar to the\nbehavior of one-dimensional system, regardless of fractal ramification."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transitions of the Variety of Random-Field Potts Models: The phase transitions of random-field q-state Potts models in d=3 dimensions\nare studied by renormalization-group theory by exact solution of a hierarchical\nlattice and, equivalently, approximate Migdal-Kadanoff solutions of a cubic\nlattice. The recursion, under rescaling, of coupled random-field and\nrandom-bond (induced under rescaling by random fields) coupled probability\ndistributions is followed to obtain phase diagrams. Unlike the Ising model\n(q=2), several types of random fields can be defined for q >= 3 Potts models,\nincluding random-axis favored, random-axis disfavored, random-axis randomly\nfavored or disfavored cases, all of which are studied. Quantitatively very\nsimilar phase diagrams are obtained, for a given q for the three types of field\nrandomness, with the low-temperature ordered phase persisting, increasingly as\ntemperature is lowered, up to random-field threshold in d=3, which is\ncalculated for all temperatures below the zero-field critical temperature.\nPhase diagrams thus obtained are compared as a function of $q$. The ordered\nphase in the low-q models reaches higher temperatures, while in the high-q\nmodels it reaches higher random fields. This renormalization-group calculation\nresult is physically explained.",
        "positive": "Statistics of close-packed dimers on fractal lattices: We study the model of close-packed dimers on planar lattices belonging to the\nfamily of modified rectangular (MR) fractals, whose members are enumerated by\nan integer $p\\geq 2$, as well as on the non-planar 4-simplex fractal lattice.\nBy applying an exact recurrence enumeration method, we determine the asymptotic\nforms for numbers of dimer coverings, and numerically calculate entropies per\ndimer in the thermodynamic limit, for a sequence of MR lattices with $2\\leq\np\\leq8$ and for 4-simplex fractal. We find that the entropy per dimer on MR\nfractals is increasing function of the scaling parameter $p$, and for every\nconsidered $p$ it is smaller than the entropy per dimer of the same model on\n$4$-simplex lattice. Obtained results are discussed and compared with the\nresults obtained previously on some translationally invariant and fractal\nlattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropic particle transport in periodic channels: The dynamics of Brownian motion has widespread applications extending from\ntransport in designed micro-channels up to its prominent role for inducing\ntransport in molecular motors and Brownian motors. Here, Brownian transport is\nstudied in micro-sized, two dimensional periodic channels, exhibiting\nperiodically varying cross sections. The particles in addition are subjected to\nan external force acting alongside the direction of the longitudinal channel\naxis. For a fixed channel geometry, the dynamics of the two dimensional problem\nis characterized by a single dimensionless parameter which is proportional to\nthe ratio of the applied force and the temperature of the particle environment.\nIn such structures entropic effects may play a dominant role. Under certain\nconditions the two dimensional dynamics can be approximated by an effective one\ndimensional motion of the particle in the longitudinal direction. The Langevin\nequation describing this reduced, one dimensional process is of the type of the\nFick-Jacobs equation. It contains an entropic potential determined by the\nvarying extension of the eliminated channel direction, and a correction to the\ndiffusion constant that introduces a space dependent diffusion. Different forms\nof this correction term have been suggested before, which we here compare for a\nparticular class of models. We analyze the regime of validity of the\nFick-Jacobs equation, both by means of analytical estimates and the comparisons\nwith numerical results for the full two dimensional stochastic dynamics. For\nthe nonlinear mobility we find a temperature dependence which is opposite to\nthat known for particle transport in periodic potentials. The influence of\nentropic effects is discussed for both, the nonlinear mobility and the\neffective diffusion constant.",
        "positive": "A New Cumulant Expansion Based Extraction for Higher Order Quantum\n  Corrections in Equilibrium Wigner-Boltzmann Equation: A Cumulant based method has been introduced to extract quantum corrections in\ndistribution function with the equilibrium Wigner-Boltzmann equation. It is\nshown that unlike the moment expansion used in hydrodynamic model, cumulant\nexpansion converges much faster when distribution function is closed to\nMaxwellian with only first three cumulants are non-zero. In this case, quantum\ncorrections higher than first order can be extracted mainly by lowest three\ncumulants and odd number derivatives of potential function. This method also\nprovides a new way to determine the distribution function with Maxwellian form\nand study the role of potential function in quantum correction field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality classes of thermalization for mesoscopic Floquet systems: We identify several phases of thermalization that describe regimes of\nbehavior in isolated, periodically driven (Floquet), mesoscopic quantum chaotic\nsystems. We also identify a new Floquet thermal ensemble -- the ladder ensemble\n-- that is qualitatively distinct from the featureless infinite-temperature\nstate that is often assumed to describe the equilibrium of driven systems. The\nphases can be coarsely classified by (i) whether or not the system irreversibly\nexchanges energy of order $\\omega$ with the drive, i.e., Floquet thermalizes,\nand (ii) the ensemble describing the final equilibrium in systems that do\nFloquet thermalize. These phases represent regimes of behavior in mesoscopic\nsystems, but they are sharply defined in a large-system limit where the drive\nfrequency $\\omega$ scales up with system size $N$ as the $N\\to\\infty$ limit is\ntaken: we examine frequency scalings ranging from a weak $\\omega \\sim \\log N$,\nto stronger scalings ranging from $\\omega \\sim \\sqrt{N}$ to $\\omega \\sim N$. We\nshow that the transition where Floquet thermalization breaks down occurs at\n$\\omega\\sim N$ and, beyond that, systems that do not Floquet thermalize are\ndistinguished based on the presence or absence of rare resonances across\nFloquet zones. We produce a thermalization phase diagram that is relevant for\nnumerical studies of Floquet systems and experimental studies on small-scale\nquantum simulators, both of which lack a separation of scales between $N$ and\n$\\omega$. A striking prediction of our work is that, under perfect isolation,\ncertain realistic quench protocols from simple pure initial states can show\nFloquet thermalization to a novel type of Schrodinger-cat state that is a\nglobal superposition of states at distinct temperatures. Our work extends and\norganizes the theory of Floquet thermalization, heating, and equilibrium into\nthe setting of mesoscopic quantum systems.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear susceptibilities of a weakly-disordered uniaxial ferromagnet\n  in the critical region: For the three-dimensional random Ising model, the effective sextic coupling\nconstant v_6 and the nonlinear susceptibilities of the fourth (chi_4) and sixth\n(chi_6) orders are calculated at criticality. These quantities are shown to\ndiffer markedly from their counterparts for pure uniaxial magnets. In\nparticular, the ratio v_6/v_{4}^2 entering the equation of state of the random\nIsing model turns out to be equal to 0.87, while in pure magnets v_6/v_{4}^2 =\n1.65. The universal susceptibility ratios m^3 chi_4/chi^2 and m^6 chi_6/chi^3\n(m - the inverse correlation length) are found to differ by factors 1.6 and\n2.7, respectively, for random and uniform Ising models. These big differences\nof the universal quantities can be measured both in physical and computer\nexperiments, and such measurements may be considered as a tool for an\nidentification of the random critical behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral properties of three-dimensional Anderson model: The three-dimensional Anderson model represents a paradigmatic model to\nunderstand the Anderson localization transition. In this work we first review\nsome key results obtained for this model in the past 50 years, and then study\nits properties from the perspective of modern numerical approaches. Our main\nfocus is on the quantitative comparison between the level sensitivity\nstatistics and the level statistics. While the former studies the sensitivity\nof Hamiltonian eigenlevels upon inserting a magnetic flux, the latter studies\nthe properties of unperturbed eigenlevels. We define two versions of\ndimensionless conductance, the first corresponding to the width of the level\ncurvature distribution relative to the mean level spacing, and the second\ncorresponding to the ratio of the Heisenberg and the Thouless time obtained\nfrom the spectral form factor. We show that both conductances look remarkably\nsimilar around the localization transition, in particular, they predict a\nnearly identical critical point consistent with other measures of the\ntransition. We then study some further properties of those quantities: for\nlevel curvatures, we discuss particular similarities and differences between\nthe width of the level curvature distribution and the characteristic energy\nstudied by Edwards and Thouless in their pioneering work [J. Phys. C. 5, 807\n(1972)]. In the context of the spectral form factor, we show that at the\ncritical point it enters a broad time-independent regime, in which its value is\nconsistent with the level compressibility obtained from the level variance.\nFinally, we test the scaling solution of the average level spacing ratio in the\ncrossover regime using the cost function minimization approach introduced in\n[Phys. Rev. B. 102, 064207 (2020)]. We find that the extracted transition point\nand the scaling coefficient agree with those from the literature to high\nnumerical accuracy.",
        "positive": "Curious behaviour of the diffusion coefficient and friction force for\n  the strongly inhomogeneous HMF model: We present first elements of kinetic theory appropriate to the inhomogeneous\nphase of the HMF model. In particular, we investigate the case of strongly\ninhomogeneous distributions for $T\\to 0$ and exhibit curious behaviour of the\nforce auto-correlation function and friction coefficient. The temporal\ncorrelation function of the force has an oscillatory behaviour which averages\nto zero over a period. By contrast, the effects of friction accumulate with\ntime and the friction coefficient does not satisfy the Einstein relation. On\nthe contrary, it presents the peculiarity to increase linearly with time.\nMotivated by this result, we provide analytical solutions of a simplified\nkinetic equation with a time dependent friction. Analogies with\nself-gravitating systems and other systems with long-range interactions are\nalso mentioned."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality in sandpiles: We perform extensive numerical simulations of different versions of the\nsandpile model. We find that previous claims about universality classes are\nunfounded, since the method previously employed to analyze the data suffered a\nsystematic bias. We identify the correct scaling behavior and conclude that\nsandpiles with stochastic and deterministic toppling rules belong to the same\nuniversality class.",
        "positive": "Superstatistics Based on the Microcanonical Ensemble: Superstatistics is a \"statistics\" of \"canonical-ensemble statistics\". In\nanalogy, we consider here a similar theoretical construct, but based upon the\nmicrocanonical ensemble. The mixing parameter is not the temperature but the\nindex q associated with the non-extensive, power law entropy Sq."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Continuum model for radial interface growth: A stochastic partial differential equation along the lines of the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang equation is introduced for the evolution of a growing\ninterface in a radial geometry. Regular polygon solutions as well as radially\nsymmetric solutions are identified in the deterministic limit. The polygon\nsolutions, of relevance to on-lattice Eden growth from a seed in the zero-noise\nlimit, are unstable in the continuum in favour of the symmetric solutions. The\nasymptotic surface width scaling for stochastic radial interface growth is\ninvestigated through numerical simulations and found to be characterized by the\nsame scaling exponent as that for stochastic growth on a substrate.",
        "positive": "Nontrivial phase diagram for an elastic interaction model of spin\n  crossover materials with antiferromagnetic-like short-range interactions: We study the phase diagram of an elastic interaction model for spin crossover\n(SC) materials with antiferromagnetic-like short-range interactions. In this\nmodel, the interplay between the short-range interaction and the long-range\ninteraction of elastic origin causes complex phase transitions. For relatively\nweak elastic interactions, the phase diagram is characterized by tricritical\npoints, at which antiferromagnetic (AF) -like and ferromagnetic (F) -like\nspinodal lines and a critical line merge. On the other hand, for relatively\nstrong elastic interactions, unusual \"horn structures,\" which are surrounded by\nthe F-like spinodal lines, disorder (D) spinodal lines, and the critical line,\nare realized at higher temperatures. These structures are similar to those\nobtained in our previous study [Phys. Rev. B {\\bf 93}, 064109 (2016)] of an\nIsing antiferromagnet with infinite-range ferromagnetic interactions, and we\nfind universal features caused by the interplay between the competing\nshort-range and long-range interactions. The long-range interaction of elastic\norigin is irrelevant (inessential) for the critical line. In contrast, the\nAF-like, F-like, and D spinodal lines result from the long-range interaction of\nelastic origin. This difference causes qualitatively different features of\ndomain formation or nucleation of the new phase: clustering occurs in the\nformer case, while clustering is absent in the latter. Based on the phase\ndiagrams, we discuss the patterns and clustering features of two-step SC\ntransitions, in which the AF-like phase is realized in the intermediate\ntemperature region."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production for coarse-grained dynamics: Systems out of equilibrium exhibit a net production of entropy. We study the\ndynamics of a stochastic system represented by a Master Equation that can be\nmodeled by a Fokker-Planck equation in a coarse-grained, mesoscopic\ndescription. We show that the corresponding coarse-grained entropy production\ncontains information on microscopic currents that are not captured by the\nFokker-Planck equation and thus cannot be deduced from it. We study a\ndiscrete-state and a continuous-state system, deriving in both the cases an\nanalytical expression for the coarse-graining corrections to the entropy\nproduction. This result elucidates the limits in which there is no loss of\ninformation in passing from a Master Equation to a Fokker-Planck equation\ndescribing the same system. Our results are amenable of experimental\nverification, which could help to infer some information about the underlying\nmicroscopic processes.",
        "positive": "Influence of the lattice geometry on the thermodynamical properties of\n  two-dimensional spin systems: Various types of mixed spin two-dimensional Heisenberg networks are\ninvestigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations. This study aims at\ninterpreting quantitatively the thermodynamical properties of two-dimensional\nmolecule-based magnets recently synthesized. The proposed model requires that:\n(i) one of the two magnetic centers has a spin large enough to be treated as a\nclassical spin; (ii) the zero field Hamiltonian is isotropic; (iii) the quantum\nspins have only classical spins as neighbours. The quantum Hamiltonian is then\nreplaced by a classical one with effective ferromagnetic interactions. The\ntemperature dependence of both the specific heat and magnetic susceptibility\nare calculated. The effect of the lattice geometry is analysed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermalization without eigenstate thermalization hypothesis after a\n  quantum quench: Nonequilibrium dynamics of a nonintegrable system without the eigenstate\nthermalization hypothesis is studied. It is shown that, in the thermodynamic\nlimit, this model thermalizes after an arbitrary quantum quench at finite\ntemperature, although it does not satisfy the eigenstate thermalization\nhypothesis. In contrast, when the system size is finite and the temperature is\nlow enough, the system may not thermalize. In this case, the steady state is\nwell described by the generalized Gibbs ensemble constructed by using highly\nnonlocal conserved quantities. We also show that this model exhibits\nprethermalization, in which the prethermalized state is characterized by\nnonthermal energy eigenstates.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram and magnons in quasi-one-dimensional dipolar\n  antiferromagnets: We investigate antiferromagnetic spin chains, which are coupled by a weak\nantiferromagnetic exchange interaction on a hexagonal lattice. We particulary\nstudy the role of the dipole-dipole interaction within the framework of a\nHeisenberg model with nearest-neighbor exchange and additional dipolar\ninteraction. We find several commensurate and incommensurate phases depending\non the ratio of dipolar energy to interchain-exchange energy due to their\ncompeting qualtity. The ground-state analysis is supplemented by a stability\nanalysis by means of a linear spin-wave theory. In comparison with experiments\n(CsMnBr_3, RbMnBr_3) we obtain good agreement for the energy gaps. From this we\nconclude, that the dipolar interaction is the most important source of\nanisotropy in these Mn-compounds."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-order transitions and triple point on a random p-spin interaction\n  model: The effects of competing quadrupolar- and spin-glass orderings are\ninvestigated on a spin-1 Ising model with infinite-range random $p$-spin\ninteractions. The model is studied through the replica approach and a phase\ndiagram is obtained in the limit $p\\to\\infty$. The phase diagram, obtained\nwithin replica-symmetry breaking, exhibits a very unusual feature in magnetic\nmodels: three first-order transition lines meeting at a commom triple point,\nwhere all phases of the model coexist.",
        "positive": "Coherent disintegration and stability of vortices in trapped Bose\n  condensate: We consider the intrinsic stability of the vortex states of a pure\nBose-Einstein condensate confined in a harmonic potential under the effects of\ncoherent atom-atom interaction. We find that stable vortices can be supported,\nand that vortex stability can be controlled by changing the inter-particle\ninteraction strength. At unstable regimes, a vortex will spontaneously\ndisintegrate into states with different angular momenta even without external\nperturbations, with the lifetime determined by its imaginary excitation\nfrequencies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solvent-quality dependent contact formation dynamics in proteins: The mean time of contact formation between two ends of a protein chain shows\npower law dependence with respect to the number of residues, $\\tau_{CF} \\sim\nN^{\\alpha}$. Fluorescence quenching measurements based on triplet-triplet\nenergy transfer show variation in the value of scaling exponent $\\alpha$ for\ndifferent protein-solvent systems. Here, starting from a non-Markovian\ndiffusion equation supplemented with an exponential sink term that accounts for\nthe energy transfer reaction between donor and acceptor groups, we calculate\nthe mean time of contact formation using the Wilemski-Fixman closure\napproximation. The non-Markovian diffusion-reaction equation includes the\neffects of solvent quality and hydrodynamic interaction in a mean-field\nfashion. It shows that the contact formation dynamics is mainly governed by two\ntime scales, the reciprocal of the intrinsic rate of quenching\n$(k_0^{ET})^{-1}$, and the relaxation time $\\tau_0 = \\eta b^3/k_B T$ of the\ncoarse-grained residue of an effective size $b$ with solvent viscosity $\\eta$.\nIn the limit of $k_0^{ET} \\tau_0 \\ll 1$, the dominating effect of the\nreaction-controlled kinetics yields the scaling exponents as $0.89$, $1.47$ and\n$1.79$ in poor, theta and good solvents respectively. In the opposite limit\n$k_0^{ET} \\tau_0 \\gg 1$, the dominating influence of the diffusion-controlled\nkinetics results in $\\alpha$ as $1.90$, $2.17$, $2.36$ for a freely-draining\nand $1.31$, $1.77$, $2.06$ for a non-freely-draining chain in poor, theta and\ngood solvents respectively. In the intermediate limit, $k_0^{ET} \\tau_0 \\approx\n1$, the increase in the number of residues switches the kinetics from\nreaction-controlled at low $N$ to diffusion-controlled at large $N$. These\ngeneral results suggest that experimental estimates of the scaling exponents\nreflect solvent-quality dependence of the mean contact formation time in the\nreaction-controlled limit.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics of scale-free networks at a critical point:\n  Complexity without irreversibility?: Based on a rigorous extension of classical statistical mechanics to networks,\nwe study a specific microscopic network Hamiltonian. The form of this\nHamiltonian is derived from the assumption that individual nodes\nincrease/decrease their utility by linking to nodes with a higher/lower degree\nthan their own. We interpret utility as an equivalent to energy in physical\nsystems and discuss the temperature dependence of the emerging networks. We\nobserve the existence of a critical temperature $T_c$ where total energy\n(utility) and network-architecture undergo radical changes. Along this\ntopological transition we obtain scale-free networks with complex hierarchical\ntopology. In contrast to models for scale-free networks introduced so far, the\nscale-free nature emerges within equilibrium, with a clearly defined\nmicrocanonical ensemble and the principle of detailed balance strictly\nfulfilled. This provides clear evidence that 'complex' networks may arise\nwithout irreversibility. The results presented here should find a wide variety\nof applications in socio-economic statistical systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low temperature behavior of finite-size one-dimensional Ising model and\n  the partition function zeros: In contrast to the infinite chain, the low-temperature expansion of a\none-dimensional free-field Ising model has a strong dependence on boundary\nconditions. I derive explicit formula for the leading term of the expansion\nboth under open and periodic boundary conditions, and show they are related to\ndifferent distributions of partition function zeros on the complex temperature\nplane. In particular, when the periodic boundary condition is imposed, the\nleading coefficient of the expansion grows with size, due to the zeros\napproaching the origin.",
        "positive": "Locomotive and reptation motion induced by internal force and friction: We propose a simple mechanical model of locomotion induced by internal force\nand friction. We first construct a system of two elements as an analog of the\nbipedal motion. The internal force does not induce a directional motion by\nitself because of the action-reaction law, but a directional motion becomes\npossible by the control of the frictional force. The efficiency of these model\nsystems is studied using an analogy to the heat engine. As a modified version\nof the two-elements model, we construct a model which exhibits a bipedal motion\nsimilar to kinesin's motion of molecular motor. Next, we propose a linear chain\nmodel and a ladder model as an extension of the original two-element model,. We\nfind a transition from a straight to a snake-like motion in a ladder model by\nchanging the strength of the internal force."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Binder cumulant of two-dimensional Ising models: The fourth-order cumulant of the magnetization, the Binder cumulant, is\ndetermined at the phase transition of Ising models on square and triangular\nlattices, using Monte Carlo techniques. Its value at criticality depends\nsensitively on boundary conditions, details of the clusters used in calculating\nthe cumulant, and symmetry of the interactions or, here, lattice structure.\nPossibilities to identify generic critical cumulants are discussed.",
        "positive": "Model study on steady heat capacity in driven stochastic systems: We explore two- and three-state Markov models driven out of thermal\nequilibrium by non-potential forces to demonstrate basic properties of the\nsteady heat capacity based on the concept of quasistatic excess heat. It is\nshown that large enough driving forces can make the steady heat capacity\nnegative. For both the low- and high-temperature regimes we propose an\napproximative thermodynamic scheme in terms of \"dynamically renormalized\"\neffective energy levels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractal dimensions of self-avoiding walks and Ising high-temperature\n  graphs in 3D conformal bootstrap: The fractal dimensions of polymer chains and high-temperature graphs in the\nIsing model both in three dimension are determined using the conformal\nbootstrap applied for the continuation of the $O(N)$ models from $N=1$ (Ising\nmodel) to $N=0$ (polymer). The unitarity bound below $N=1$ of the scaling\ndimension for the the $O(N)$-symmetric-tensor develops a kink as a function of\nthe fundamental field as in the case of the energy operator dimension in the\nIsing model. Although this kink structure becomes less pronounced as $N$ tends\nto zero, an emerging asymmetric minimum in the current central charge $C_J$ can\nbe used to locate the CFT. It is pointed out that certain level degeneracies at\nthe $O(N)$ CFT should induce these singular shapes of the unitarity bounds. As\nan application to the quantum and classical spin systems, we also predict\ncritical exponents associated with the $\\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetry, which\ncould be relevant for locating the correspoinding fixed point in the phase\ndiagram.",
        "positive": "Optimized Diffusion of Run-and-Tumble Particles in Crowded Environments: We study the transport of self-propelled particles in dynamic complex\nenvironments. To obtain exact results, we introduce a model of run-and-tumble\nparticles (RTPs) moving in discrete time on a $d$-dimensional cubic lattice in\nthe presence of diffusing hard core obstacles. We derive an explicit expression\nfor the diffusivity of the RTP, which is exact in the limit of low density of\nfixed obstacles. To do so, we introduce a generalization of Kac's theorem on\nthe mean return times of Markov processes, which we expect to be relevant for a\nlarge class of lattice gas problems. Our results show the diffusivity of RTPs\nto be nonmonotonic in the tumbling probability for low enough obstacle\nmobility. These results prove the potential for optimization of the transport\nof RTPs in crowded and disordered environments with applications to motile\nartificial and biological systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exactly solvable phase oscillator models with synchronization dynamics: Populations of phase oscillators interacting globally through a general\ncoupling function $f(x)$ have been considered. In the absence of precessing\nfrequencies and for odd-coupling functions there exists a Lyapunov functional\nand the probability density evolves toward stable stationary states described\nby an equilibrium measure. We have then proposed a family of exactly solvable\nmodels with singular couplings which synchronize more easily as the coupling\nbecomes less singular. The stationary solutions of the least singular coupling\nconsidered, $f(x)=$ sign$(x)$, have been found analytically in terms of\nelliptic functions. This last case is one of the few non trivial models for\nsynchronization dynamics which can be analytically solved.",
        "positive": "Analytical treatment of interacting Fermi gas in arbitrary dimensional\n  harmonic trap: We study normal state properties of an interacting Fermi gas in an isotropic\nharmonic trap of arbitrary dimensions. We exactly calculate the first-order\nperturbation terms in the ground state energy and chemical potential, and\nobtain simple analytic expressions of the total energy and chemical potential.\nAt zero temperature, we find that Thomas-Fermi approximation agrees well with\nexact results for any dimension even though system is dilute and small, i.e.\nwhen the Thomas-Fermi approximation is generally expected to fail. In the high\ntemperature (classical) region, we find interaction energy decreases in\nproportion to T^(-d/2), where T is temperature and d is dimension of the\nsystem. Effect of interaction in the ground state in two and three-dimensional\nsystems is also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Square Lattice Gases with Two- and Three-body Interactions Revisited: Monte Carlo simulations have been used to study the phase diagrams for square\nIsing-lattice gas models with two-body and three-body interactions for values\nof interaction parameters in a range that has not been previously considered.\nWe find unexpected qualitative differences as compared with predictions made on\ngeneral grounds.",
        "positive": "The generalized canonical ensemble and its universal equivalence with\n  the microcanonical ensemble: Shortened abstract: Microcanonical equilibrium macrostates are characterized\nas the solutions of a constrained minimization problem, while canonical\nequilibrium macrostates are characterized as the solutions of a related,\nunconstrained minimization problem. In Ellis, Haven, and Turkington (J. Stat.\nPhys. 101, 999, 2000) the problem of ensemble equivalence was completely solved\nat two separate, but related levels: the level of equilibrium macrostates,\nwhich focuses on relationships between the corresponding sets of equilibrium\nmacrostates, and the thermodynamic level, which focuses on when the\nmicrocanonical entropy $s$ can be expressed as the Legendre-Fenchel transform\nof the canonical free energy. The present paper extends the results of Ellis et\nal. significantly by addressing the following motivational question. Given that\nthe microcanonical ensemble can be nonequivalent with the canonical ensemble,\nis it possible to replace the canonical ensemble with a generalized canonical\nensemble that is equivalent with the microcanonical ensemble? The generalized\ncanonical ensemble that we consider is obtained from the standard canonical\nensemble by adding an exponential factor involving a continuous function $g$ of\nthe Hamiltonian. As in the paper by Ellis et al., we analyze the equivalence of\nthe two ensembles at both the level of equilibrium macrostates and the\nthermodynamic level. A neat but not quite precise statement of the main result\nin the present paper is that the microcanonical and generalized canonical\nensembles are equivalent at the level of equilibrium macrostates if and only if\nthey are equivalent at the thermodynamic level, which is the case if and only\nif the generalized microcanonical entropy $s-g$ is concave."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling, cumulant ratios and height distribution of the ballistic\n  deposition in 3+1 and 4+1 dimensions: We investigate the origin of the scaling corrections in ballistic deposition\nmodels in high dimensions using the method proposed by Alves \\textit{et al}.\n[Phys Rev. E \\textbf{90}, 052405 (20014)] in $d=2+1$ dimensions, where the\nintrinsic width associated with the fluctuations of the height increments\nduring the deposition processes is explicitly taken into account. In the\npresent work, we show that this concept holds for $d=3+1$ and 4+1 dimensions.\nWe have found that growth and roughness exponents and dimensionless cumulant\nratios are in agreement with other models, presenting small finite-time\ncorrections to the scaling, that in principle belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n(KPZ) universality class in both $d=3+1$ and 4+1. Our results constitute a new\nevidence that the upper critical dimension of the KPZ class, if it exists, is\nlarger than 4.",
        "positive": "Formation and relaxation of quasi-stationary states in particle systems\n  with power law interactions: We explore the formation and relaxation of so-called quasi-stationary states\n(QSS) for particle distributions in three dimensions interacting via an\nattractive radial pair potential $V(r \\rightarrow \\infty) \\sim 1/r^\\gamma$ with\n$\\gamma > 0$, and either a soft-core or hard-core regularization at small $r$.\nIn the first part of the paper we generalize, for any spatial dimension $d \\geq\n2$, Chandrasekhar's approach for the case of gravity to obtain analytic\nestimates of the rate of collisional relaxation due to two body collisions. The\nresultant relaxation rates indicate an essential qualitative difference\ndepending on the integrability of the pair force at large distances: for\n$\\gamma >d-1$ the rate diverges in the large particle number $N$ (mean field)\nlimit, unless a sufficiently large soft core is present; for $\\gamma < d-1$, on\nthe other hand, the rate vanishes in the same limit even in the absence of any\nregularization. In the second part of the paper we compare our analytical\npredictions with the results of extensive parallel numerical simulations in\n$d=3$, for a range of different exponents $\\gamma$ and soft cores leading to\nthe formation of QSS. We find, just as for the previously well studied case of\ngravity (which we also revisit), excellent agreement between the parametric\ndependence of the observed relaxation times and our analytic predictions.\nFurther, as in the case of gravity, we find that the results indicate that,\nwhen large impact factors dominate, the appropriate cut-off is the size of the\nsystem (rather than, for example, the mean inter-particle distance). Our\nresults provide strong evidence that the existence of QSS is robust only for\nlong-range interactions with a large distance behavior $\\gamma < d-1$; for\n$\\gamma \\geq d-1$ the existence of such states will be conditioned strongly on\nthe short range properties of the interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium and nonequilibrium many-body perturbation theory: a unified\n  framework based on the Martin-Schwinger hierarchy: We present a unified framework for equilibrium and nonequilibrium many-body\nperturbation theory. The most general nonequilibrium many-body theory valid for\ngeneral initial states is based on a time-contour originally introduced by\nKonstantinov and Perel'. The various other well-known formalisms of Keldysh,\nMatsubara and the zero-temperature formalism are then derived as special cases\nthat arise under different assumptions. We further present a single simple\nproof of Wick's theorem that is at the same time valid in all these flavors of\nmany-body theory. It arises simply as a solution of the equations of the\nMartin-Schwinger hierarchy for the noninteracting many-particle Green's\nfunction with appropriate boundary conditions. We further discuss a generalized\nWick theorem for general initial states on the Keldysh contour and derive how\nthe formalisms based on the Keldysh and Konstantinov-Perel'-contours are\nrelated for the case of general initial states.",
        "positive": "An example of dissipative quantum system: finite differences for complex\n  Ginibre ensemble: The Ginibre ensemble of complex random Hamiltonian matrices $H$ is\nconsidered. Each quantum system described by $H$ is a dissipative system and\nthe eigenenergies $Z_{i}$ of the Hamiltonian are complex-valued random\nvariables. For generic $N$-dimensional Ginibre ensemble analytical formula for\ndistribution of second difference $\\Delta^{1} Z_{i}$ of complex eigenenergies\nis presented. The distributions of real and imaginary parts of $\\Delta^{1}\nZ_{i}$ and also of its modulus and phase are provided for $N$=3. The results\nare considered in view of Wigner and Dyson's electrostatic analogy. General law\nof homogenization of eigenergies for different random matrix ensembles is\nformulated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional Edgeworth Expansion: Corrections to the Gaussian-L\u00e9vy\n  Central Limit Theorem: In this article we generalize the classical Edgeworth expansion for the\nprobability density function (PDF) of sums of a finite number of symmetric\nindependent identically distributed random variables with a finite variance to\nsums of variables with an infinite variance which converge by the generalized\ncentral limit theorem to a L\\'evy $\\alpha$-stable density function. Our\ncorrection may be written by means of a series of fractional derivatives of the\nL\\'evy and the conjugate L\\'evy PDFs. This series expansion is general and\napplies also to the Gaussian regime. To describe the terms in the series\nexpansion, we introduce a new family of special functions and briefly discuss\ntheir properties. We implement our generalization to the distribution of the\nmomentum for atoms undergoing Sisyphus cooling, and show the improvement of our\nleading order approximation compared to previous approximations. In vicinity of\nthe transition between L\\'{e}vy and Gauss behaviors, convergence to asymptotic\nresults slows down.",
        "positive": "Quantum spin chains at finite temperatures: This is a pedagogical review on recent progress in the exact evaluation of\nphysical quantities in interacting quantum systems at finite temperatures. 1D\nquantum spin chains are discussed in detail as typical examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spanning Trees on Hypercubic Lattices and Non-orientable Surfaces: We consider the problem of enumerating spanning trees on lattices.\nClosed-form expressions are obtained for the spanning tree generating function\nfor a hypercubic lattice of size N_1 x N_2 x...x N_d in d dimensions under\nfree, periodic, and a combination of free and periodic boundary conditions.\nResults are also obtained for a simple quartic net embedded on two\nnon-orientable surfaces, a Moebius strip and the Klein bottle. Our results are\nbased on the use of a formula expressing the spanning tree generating function\nin terms of the eigenvalues of an associated tree matrix. An elementary\nderivation of this formula is given.",
        "positive": "Correlation between Voronoi volumes in disc packings: We measure the two-point correlation of free Voronoi volumes in binary disc\npackings, where the packing fraction $\\phi_{\\rm avg}$ ranges from 0.8175 to\n0.8380. We observe short-ranged correlations over the whole range of $\\phi_{\\rm\navg}$ and anti-correlations for $\\phi_{\\rm avg}>0.8277$. The spatial extent of\nthe anti-correlation increases with $\\phi_{\\rm avg}$ while the position of the\nmaximum of the anti-correlation and the extent of the positive correlation\nshrink with $\\phi_{\\rm avg}$. We conjecture that the onset of anti-correlation\ncorresponds to dilatancy onset in this system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bacterial evolution and the Bak-Sneppen model: Recently, Lenski et al \\cite{Elena,Lenski,Travisano} have carried out several\nexperiments on bacterial evolution. Their findings support the theory of\npunctuated equilibrium in biological evolution. They have further quantified\nthe relative contributions of adaptation, chance and history to bacterial\nevolution. In this Brief Report, we show that a modified M-trait Bak-Sneppen\nmodel can explain many of the experimental results in a qualitative manner.",
        "positive": "Matrix Product State Fixed Points of Non-Hermitian Transfer Matrices: The contraction of tensor networks is a central task in the application of\ntensor network methods to the study of quantum and classical many body systems.\nIn this paper, we investigate the impact of gauge degrees of freedom in the\nvirtual indices of the tensor network on the contraction process, specifically\nfocusing on boundary matrix product state methods for contracting\ntwo-dimensional tensor networks. We show that the gauge transformation can\naffect the entanglement structures of the eigenstates of the transfer matrix\nand change how the physical information is encoded in the eigenstates, which\ncan influence the accuracy of the numerical simulation. We demonstrate this\neffect by looking at two different examples. First, we focus on the local gauge\ntransformation, and analyze its effect by viewing it as an imaginary-time\nevolution governed by a diagonal Hamiltonian. As a specific example, we perform\na numerical analysis in the classical Ising model on the square lattice.\nSecond, we go beyond the scope of local gauge transformations and study the\nantiferromagnetic Ising model on the triangular lattice. The partition function\nof this model has two tensor network representations connected by a non-local\ngauge transformation, resulting in distinct numerical performances in the\nboundary MPS calculation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Externally driven macroscopic systems: Dynamics versus Thermodynamics: Experience collected in mesoscopic dynamic modeling of externally driven\nsystems indicates absence of potentials that could play role of equilibrium or\nnonequilibrium thermodynamic potentials yet their thermo-dynamics-like modeling\nis often found to provide a good description, good understanding, and\npredictions that agree with results of experimental observations. This apparent\ncontradiction is explained by noting that the dynamic and the\nthermodynamics-like investigations on a given mesoscopic level of description\nare not directly related. Their relation is indirect. They both represent two\naspects of dynamic modeling on a more microscopic level of description. The\nthermodynamic analysis arises in the investigation of the way the more\nmicroscopic dynamics reduces to the mesoscopic dynamics (reducing dynamics) and\nthe mesoscopic dynamic analysis in the investigation of the result of the\nreduction (reduced dynamics).",
        "positive": "Four variants of theory of the second order phase transitions: Because of one-valued connection between the configurational entropy and the\norder parameter it is possible to present the theory of the second order phase\ntransitions in terms of the configurational entropy. It is offered a variant of\ntheory, in which the Nernst theorem is obeyed. Within the framework of\nheterogeneous model the phenomena of growth of level of fluctuations and their\ncorrelations are analyzed at transition of critical point as competitions of\nkinetic and relaxation processes in the conditions of proximity of two critical\npoints."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dipolar Ordering and Quantum Dynamics of Domain Walls in Mn-12 Acetate: We find that dipolar interactions favor ferromagnetic ordering of elongated\ncrystals of Mn12 Acetate below 0.8 K. Ordered crystals must possess domain\nwalls. Motion of the wall corresponds to a moving front of Landau-Zener\ntransitions between quantum spin levels. Structure and mobility of the wall are\ncomputed. The effect is robust with respect to inhomogeneous broadening and\ndecoherence.",
        "positive": "Highly optimized fourth-order short-time approximation for path\n  integrals: This paper is withdrawn due to copyright restrictions. The final version will\nbecome available at this url: http://pubs.acs.org/journals/jpcbfh/"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Positive-Overlap Transition and Critical Exponents in Mean Field Spin\n  Glasses: In this paper we obtain two results for the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK)\nmodel, and we show that they both emerge from a single approach. First, we\nprove that the average of the overlap takes positive values when it is non\nzero. More specificly, the average of the overlap, which is naively expected to\ntake values in the whole interval $[-1,+1]$, becomes positive if we ``first''\napply an external field, so to destroy the gauge invariance of the model, and\n``then'' remove it in the thermodynamic limit. This phenomenon emerges at the\ncritical point. This first result is weaker that the one obtained by Talagrand\n(not limited to the average of the overlap), but we show here that, at least in\naverage, the overlap is proven to be non-negative with no use of the\nGhirlanda-Guerra identities. The latter are instead needed to obtain the second\nresult, which is the control the behavior of the overlap at the critical point:\nwe find the critical exponents of all the overlap correlation functions.",
        "positive": "Novel Low-Temperature Behavior in Classical Many-Particle Systems: We show that classical many-particle systems interacting with certain soft\npair interactions in two dimensions exhibit novel low-temperature behaviors.\nGround states span from disordered to crystalline. At some densities, a large\nfraction of normal-mode frequencies vanish. Lattice ground-state configurations\nhave more vanishing frequencies than disordered ground states at the same\ndensity and exhibit vanishing shear moduli. For the melting transition from a\ncrystal, the thermal expansion coefficient is negative. These unusual results\nare attributed to the topography of the energy landscape."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic cost of synchronizing a population of beating cilia: Synchronization among arrays of beating cilia is one of the emergent\nphenomena in biological processes at meso-scopic scales. Strong inter-ciliary\ncouplings modify the natural beating frequencies, $\\omega$, of individual cilia\nto produce a collective motion that moves around a group frequency $\\omega_m$.\nHere we study the thermodynamic cost of synchronizing cilia arrays by mapping\ntheir dynamics onto a generic phase oscillator model. The model suggests that\nupon synchronization the mean heat dissipation rate is decomposed into two\ncontributions, dissipation from each cilium's own natural driving force and\ndissipation arising from the interaction with other cilia, the latter of which\ncan be interpreted as the one produced by a potential with a time-dependent\nprotocol in the framework of our model. The spontaneous phase-synchronization\nof beating dynamics of cilia induced by strong inter-ciliary coupling is always\naccompanied with a significant reduction of dissipation for the cilia\npopulation, suggesting that organisms as a whole expend less energy by\nattaining a temporal order. At the level of individual cilia, however, a\npopulation of cilia with $|\\omega|< \\omega_m$ expend more amount of energy upon\nsynchronization.",
        "positive": "Finite scale singularity in the renormalization group flow of a\n  reaction-diffusion system: We study the nonequilibrium critical behavior of the pair contact process\nwith diffusion (PCPD) by means of nonperturbative functional renormalization\ngroup techniques. We show that usual perturbation theory fails because the\neffective potential develops a nonanalyticity at a finite length scale:\nPerturbatively forbidden terms are dynamically generated and the flow can be\ncontinued once they are taken into account. Our results suggest that the\ncritical behavior of PCPD can be either in the directed percolation or in a new\n(conjugated) universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality in s-wave and higher partial wave Feshbach resonances: an\n  illustration with a single atom near two scattering centers: It is well-known that cold atoms near s-wave Feshbach resonances have\nuniversal properties that are insensitive to the short-range details of the\ninteraction. What is less known is that atoms near higher partial wave Feshbach\nresonances also have remarkable universal properties. We illustrate this with a\nsingle atom interacting resonantly with two fixed static centers. At a Feshbach\nresonance point with orbital angular momentum $L\\ge1$, we find $2L+1$ shallow\nbound states whose energies behave like $1/R^{2L+1}$ when the distance $R$\nbetween the two centers is large. We then compute corrections to the binding\nenergies due to other parameters in the effective range expansions. For\ncompleteness we also compute the binding energies near s-wave Feshbach\nresonances, taking into account the corrections. Afterwards we turn to the\nbound states at large but finite scattering volumes. For p-wave and higher\npartial wave resonances, we derive a simple formula for the energies in terms\nof a parameter called \"proximity parameter\". These results are applicable to a\nfree atom interacting resonantly with two atoms that are localized to two\nlattice sites of an optical lattice, and to one light atom interacting with two\nheavy ones in free space. Modifications of the low energy physics due to the\nlong range Van der Waals potential are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Weakly non-ergodic Statistical Physics: We find a general formula for the distribution of time averaged observables\nfor weakly non-ergodic systems. Such type of ergodicity breaking is known to\ndescribe certain systems which exhibit anomalous fluctuations, e.g. blinking\nquantum dots and the sub-diffusive continuous time random walk model. When the\nfluctuations become normal we recover usual ergodic statistical mechanics.\nExamples of a particle undergoing fractional dynamics in a binding force field\nare worked out in detail. We briefly discuss possible physical applications in\nsingle particle experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transition dynamics in the three-dimensional field-free $\\pm J$\n  Ising model: By using frustration-preserving hard-spin mean-field theory, we investigated\nthe phase transition dynamics in the three-dimensional field-free $\\pm J$ Ising\nspin glass model. As the temperature $T$ is decreased from paramagnetic phase\nat high temperatures, with a rate $\\omega=-dT/dt$ in time $t$, the critical\ntemperature depends on the cooling rate through a clear power-law $\\omega^a$.\nWith increasing antiferromagnetic bond fraction $p$, the exponent $a$ increases\nfor the transition into the ferromagnetic case for $p<p_\\text{c}$, and\ndecreases for the transition into the spin glass phase for $p>p_\\text{c}$,\nsignaling the ferromagnetic-spin glass phase transition at\n$p_\\text{c}\\approx0.22$. The relaxation time is also investigated, at adiabatic\ncase $\\omega=0$, and it is found that the dynamic exponent $z\\nu$ increases\nwith increasing $p$.",
        "positive": "Spherical model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions: We analyze the thermodynamic behavior of a ferromagnetic mean-spherical model\nwith three distinct spin components and the addition of Dzyaloshinkii-Moriya\ninteractions. Exact calculations are performed for classical and quantum\nversions of this lattice model system. We show the onset of space modulated\nstructures at low temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics Properties of Confined Particles on Noncommutative Plane: We consider a system of $N$ particles living on the noncommutative plane in\nthe presence of a confining potential and study its thermodynamics properties.\nIndeed, after calculating the partition function, we determine the\ncorresponding internal energy and heat capacity where different corrections are\nobtained. In analogy with the magnetic field case, we define an effective\nmagnetization and study its susceptibility in terms of the noncommutative\nparameter $\\theta$. By introducing the chemical potential, we investigate the\nBose-Einstein condensation for the present system. Different limiting cases\nrelated to the temperature and $\\theta$ will be analyzed as well as some\nnumerical illustration will be presented.",
        "positive": "Fluctuations in Polymer Translocation: We investigate a model of chaperone-assisted polymer translocation through a\nnanopore in a membrane. Translocation is driven by irreversible random\nsequential absorption of chaperone proteins that bind to the polymer on one\nside of the membrane. The proteins are larger than the pore and hence the\nbackward motion of the polymer is inhibited. This mechanism rectifies Brownian\nfluctuations and results in an effective force that drags the polymer in a\npreferred direction. The translocated polymer undergoes an effective biased\nrandom walk and we compute the corresponding diffusion constant. Our methods\nallow us to determine the large deviation function which, in addition to\nvelocity and diffusion constant, contains the entire statistics of the\ntranslocated length."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Forcing inertial Brownian motors: efficiency and negative differential\n  mobility: The noise-assisted, directed transport in a one-dimensional dissipative,\ninertial Brownian motor of the rocking type that is exposed to an external bias\nis investigated. We demonstrate that the velocity-load characteristics is\ndistinctly non-monotonic, possessing regimes with a {\\em negative differential\nmobility}. In addition, we evaluate several possible efficiency quantifiers\nwhich are compared among each other. These quantifiers characterize the mutual\ninterplay between the viscous drag and the external load differently, weighing\nthe inherent rectification features from different physical perspectives.",
        "positive": "Complex phase diagram and supercritical matter: The supercritical region is often described as uniform with no definite\ntransitions. The distinct behaviors of the matter therein (as liquid-like and\ngas-like), however, suggest ``supercritical boundaries\". Here, we provide a\nmathematical description of these phenomena by revisiting the Lee-Yang (LY)\ntheory and introducing a complex phase diagram, i.e. a 4-D one with complex $T$\nand $p$. While the traditional 2-D phase diagram with real $T$ and $p$ values\n(the physical plane) lacks LY zeros beyond the critical point, preventing the\noccurrence of criticality, the off-plane zeros in this 4-D scenario possess\ncritical anomalies in various physical properties. For example, when the\nisobaric heat capacity $C_p$, which is a response function of the system to\n$T$, is used to separate the supercritical region, this 4D complex phase\ndiagram can be visualized by reducing to a 3D one with complex $T$ and real\n$p$. Then, we find that the supercritical boundary defined by $C_p$ shows\nperfect correspondence with the projection of the edges of the LY zeros with\ncomplex $T$ in this 3D phase diagram on the physical plane, whilst in\nconventional LY theory these off-plane zeros are neglected. The same relation\napplies to the isothermal compression coefficient $K_T$ (or $\\kappa_T$) which\nis a response function of the system to $p$, where complex $p$ should be used.\nThis correlation between the Widom line and the edges of LY zeros is\ndemonstrated in three systems, i.e., van der Waals model, 2D Ising model and\nwater, which unambiguously reveals the incipient phase transition nature of the\nsupercritical matter. With this extension of the LY theory and the associated\nnew findings, a unified picture of phase and phase transition valid for both\nthe phase transition and supercritical regions is provided, which should apply\nto the complex phase diagram of other thermodynamic state functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mesoscopic theory for fluctuating active nematics: The term active nematics designates systems in which apolar elongated\nparticles spend energy to move randomly along their axis and interact by\ninelastic collisions in the presence of noise. Starting from a simple\nVicsek-style model for active nematics, we derive a mesoscopic theory, complete\nwith effective multiplicative noise terms, using a combination of kinetic\ntheory and It\\^o calculus approaches. The stochastic partial differential\nequations thus obtained are shown to recover the key terms argued in EPL\n\\textbf{62} (2003) 196 to be at the origin of anomalous number fluctuations and\nlong-range correlations. Their deterministic part is studied analytically, and\nis shown to give rise to the long-wavelength instability at onset of nematic\norder (see arXiv:1011.5408). The corresponding nonlinear density-segregated\nband solution is given in a closed form.",
        "positive": "Power-Law Distributions: Beyond Paretian Fractality: The notion of fractality, in the context of positive-valued probability\ndistributions, is conventionally associated with the class of Paretian\nprobability laws. In this research we show that the Paretian class is merely\none out of six classes of probability laws - all equally entitled to be\nordained fractal, all possessing a characteristic power-law structure, and all\nbeing the unique fixed points of renormalizations acting on the space of\npositive-valued probability distributions. These six fractal classes are\nfurther shown to be one-dimensional functional projections of underlying\nfractal Poisson processes governed by: (i) a common elemental power-law\nstructure; and, (ii) an intrinsic scale which can be either linear, harmonic,\nlog-linear, or log-harmonic. This research provides a panoramic and\ncomprehensive view of fractal distributions, backed by a unified theory of\ntheir underlying Poissonian fractals."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multicanonical Algorithm, Simulated Tempering, Replica-Exchange Method,\n  and All That: We discuss multi-dimensional generalizations of multicanonical algorithm,\nsimulated tempering, and replica-exchange method. We generalize the original\npotential energy function $E_0$ by adding any physical quantity $V$ of interest\nas a new energy term with a coupling constant $\\lambda$. We then perform a\nmulti-dimensional multicanonical simulation where a random walk in $E_0$ and\n$V$ space is realized. We can alternately perform a multi-dimensional simulated\ntempering simulation where a random walk in temperature $T$ and parameter\n$\\lambda$ is realized. The results of the multi-dimensional replica-exchange\nsimulations can be used to determine the weight factors for these\nmulti-dimensional multicanonical and simulated tempering simulations.",
        "positive": "Temporal Fokker-Planck Equations: The temporal Fokker-Plank equation [{\\it J. Stat. Phys.}, {\\bf 3/4}, 527\n(2003)] or propagation-dispersion equation was derived to describe diffusive\nprocesses with temporal dispersion rather than spatial dispersion as in\nclassical diffusion. %\\cite{boon-grosfils-lutsko}. We present two\ngeneralizations of the temporal Fokker-Plank equation for the first passage\ndistribution function $f_j(r,t)$ of a particle moving on a substrate with time\ndelays $\\tau_j$. Both generalizations follow from the first visit master\nequation. In the first case, the time delays depend on the local concentration,\nthat is the time delay probability $P_j$ is a functional of the particle\ndistribution function and we show that when the functional dependence is of the\npower law type, $P_j \\propto f_j^{\\nu - 1}$, the generalized Fokker-Plank\nequation exhibits a structure similar to that of the nonlinear spatial\ndiffusion equation where the roles of space and time are reversed. In the\nsecond case, we consider the situation where the time delays are distributed\naccording to a power law, $P_j \\propto \\tau_j^{-1-\\alpha}$ (with $0 < \\alpha <\n2$), in which case we obtain a fractional propagation-dispersion equation which\nis the temporal analog of the fractional spatial diffusion equation (with space\nand time interchanged)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical fluctuations for semi-Markov processes: We develop an Onsager-Machlup-type theory for nonequilibrium semi-Markov\nprocesses. Our main result is an exact large time asymptotics for the joint\nprobability of the occupation times and the currents in the system,\nestablishing some generic large deviation structures. We discuss in detail how\nthe nonequilibrium driving and the non-exponential waiting time distribution\ninfluence the occupation-current statistics. The violation of the Markov\ncondition is reflected in the emergence of a new type of nonlocality in the\nfluctuations. Explicit solutions are obtained for some examples of driven\nrandom walks on the ring.",
        "positive": "Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the paramagnetic state and the\n  polarized neutron scattering: Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction in the paramagnetic state leads to the\nincommensurate spin fluctuations with incommensurate vector proportional to the\nrelative strength of the DM interaction. We show that the DM interaction leads\nto helical spin fluctuations which may be observed by the polarized neutron\nscattering."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal framework for the long-time position distribution of free\n  active particles: Active particles self-propel themselves with a stochastically evolving\nvelocity, generating a persistent motion leading to a non-diffusive behavior of\nthe position distribution. Nevertheless, an effective diffusive behavior\nemerges at times much larger than the persistence time. Here we develop a\ngeneral framework for studying the long-time behaviour for a class of active\nparticle dynamics and illustrate it using the examples of run-and-tumble\nparticle, active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particle, active Brownian particle, and\ndirection reversing active Brownian particle. Treating the ratio of the\npersistence-time to the observation time as the small parameter, we show that\nthe position distribution generically satisfies the diffusion equation at the\nleading order. We further show that the sub-leading contributions, at each\norder, satisfies an inhomogeneous diffusion equation, where the source term\ndepends on the previous order solutions. We explicitly obtain a few sub-leading\ncontributions to the Gaussian position distribution. As a part of our\nframework, we also prescribe a way to find the position moments recursively and\ncompute the first few explicitly for each model.",
        "positive": "Dynamics and termination cost of spatially coupled mean-field models: This work is motivated by recent progress in information theory and signal\nprocessing where the so-called `spatially coupled' design of systems leads to\nconsiderably better performance. We address relevant open questions about\nspatially coupled systems through the study of a simple Ising model. In\nparticular, we consider a chain of Curie-Weiss models that are coupled by\ninteractions up to a certain range. Indeed, it is well known that the pure\n(uncoupled) Curie-Weiss model undergoes a first order phase transition driven\nby the magnetic field, and furthermore, in the spinodal region such systems are\nunable to reach equilibrium in sub-exponential time if initialized in the\nmetastable state. By contrast, the spatially coupled system is, instead, able\nto reach the equilibrium even when initialized to the metastable state. The\nequilibrium phase propagates along the chain in the form of a travelling wave.\nHere we study the speed of the wave-front and the so-called `termination\ncost'--- \\textit{i.e.}, the conditions necessary for the propagation to occur.\nWe reach several interesting conclusions about optimization of the speed and\nthe cost."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Static- and dynamical-phase transition in multidimensional voting models\n  on continua: A voting model (or a generalization of the Glauber model at zero temperature)\non a multidimensional lattice is defined as a system composed of a lattice each\nsite of which is either empty or occupied by a single particle. The reactions\nof the system are such that two adjacent sites, one empty the other occupied,\nmay evolve to a state where both of these sites are either empty or occupied.\nThe continuum version of this model in a Ddimensional region with boundary is\nstudied, and two general behaviors of such systems are investigated. The\nstationary behavior of the system, and the dominant way of the relaxation of\nthe system toward its stationary state. Based on the first behavior, the static\nphase transition (discontinuous changes in the stationary profiles of the\nsystem) is studied. Based on the second behavior, the dynamical phase\ntransition (discontinuous changes in the relaxation-times of the system) is\nstudied. It is shown that the static phase transition is induced by the bulk\nreactions only, while the dynamical phase transition is a result of both bulk\nreactions and boundary conditions.",
        "positive": "Drunken robber, tipsy cop: First passage times, mobile traps, and Hopf\n  bifurcations: For a random walk on a confined one-dimensional domain, we consider mean\nfirst passage times (MFPT) in the presence of a mobile trap. The question we\naddress is whether a mobile trap can improve capture times over a stationary\ntrap. We consider two scenarios: a randomly moving trap and an oscillating\ntrap. In both cases, we find that a stationary trap actually performs better\n(in terms of reducing expected capture time) than a very slowly moving trap;\nhowever, a trap moving sufficiently fast performs better than a stationary\ntrap. We explicitly compute the thresholds that separate the two regimes. In\naddition, we find a surprising relation between the oscillating trap problem\nand a moving-sink problem that describes reduced dynamics of a single spike in\na certain regime of the Gray-Scott model. Namely, the above-mentioned threshold\ncorresponds precisely to a Hopf bifurcation that induces oscillatory motion in\nthe location of the spike. We use this correspondence to prove the uniqueness\nof the Hopf bifurcation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density limit in a first principles model of a magnetized plasma in the\n  Debye--H\u00fcckel approximation: A crucial problem concerning a large variety of fusion devices is that the\nconfinement due to an external magnetic field is lost above a critical density,\nwhile a widely accepted first principles explanation of such a fact is\napparently lacking. In the present paper, making use of standard methods of\nstatistical mechanics in the Debye--H\\\"uckel approximation, we give indications\nthat for a plasma there exists a density threshold corresponding to a\ntransition from order to chaos, the ordered motions being those in which the\nconfining Lorentz force on a single electron prevails over the diffusive effect\nof the Coulomb forces. The density limit, which is proportional to the square\nof the magnetic field, turns out to fit not too badly the empirical data for\nplasma collapses in a large set of fusion devices.",
        "positive": "Probabilistic model of N correlated binary random variables and\n  non-extensive statistical mechanics: The framework of non-extensive statistical mechanics, proposed by Tsallis,\nhas been used to describe a variety of systems. The non-extensive statistical\nmechanics is usually introduced in a formal way, thus simple models exhibiting\nsome important properties described by the non-extensive statistical mechanics\nare useful to provide deeper physical insights. In this article we present a\nsimple model, consisting of a one-dimensional chain of particles characterized\nby binary random variables, that exhibits both the extensivity of the\ngeneralized entropy with q<1 and a q-Gaussian distribution in the limit of the\nlarge number of particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How heat propagates in liquid $^3$He: In Landau's Fermi liquid picture, transport is governed by scattering between\nquasi-particles. The normal liquid $^3$He conforms to this picture but only at\nvery low temperature. Here, we show that the deviation from the standard\nbehavior is concomitant with the fermion-fermion scattering time falling below\nthe Planckian time, $\\frac{\\hbar}{k_{\\rm B}T}$ and the thermal diffusivity of\nthis quantum liquid is bounded by a minimum set by fundamental physical\nconstants and observed in classical liquids. This points to collective\nexcitations (a sound mode) as carriers of heat. We propose that this mode has a\nwavevector of 2$k_F$ and a mean free path equal to the de Broglie thermal\nlength. This would provide an additional conducting channel with a $T^{1/2}$\ntemperature dependence, matching what is observed by experiments. The\nexperimental data from 0.007 K to 3 K can be accounted for, with a margin of\n10\\%, if thermal conductivity is the sum of two contributions: one by\nquasi-particles (varying as the inverse of temperature) and and another by\nsound (following the square root of temperature).",
        "positive": "Dissipation in a Crystallization Process: We discuss the crystallization process from the supersaturated melt in terms\nof its non-equilibrium properties. In particular, we quantify the amount of\nheat that is produced irreversibly when a suspension of hard spheres\ncrystallizes. This amount of heat can be interpreted as arising from the\nresistance of the system against undergoing phase transition. We identify an\nintrinsic compression rate that separates a quasi-static regime from a regime\nof rapid crystallization. In the former the disspated heat grows linearly in\nthe compression rate. In the latter the system crystallizes more easily,\nbecause new relaxation channels are opened, at the cost of forming a higher\nfraction of non-equilibrium crystal structures. In analogy to a shear-thinning\nfluid, the system shows a decreased resistance when it is driven rapidly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An exact analytical solution for generalized growth models driven by a\n  Markovian dichotomic noise: Logistic growth models are recurrent in biology, epidemiology, market models,\nand neural and social networks. They find important applications in many other\nfields including laser modelling. In numerous realistic cases the growth rate\nundergoes stochastic fluctuations and we consider a growth model with a\nstochastic growth rate modelled via an asymmetric Markovian dichotomic noise.\nWe find an exact analytical solution for the probability distribution providing\na powerful tool with applications ranging from biology to astrophysics and\nlaser physics.",
        "positive": "A simple way of approximating the canonical partition functions in\n  statistical mechanics: We propose a simple pedagogical way of introducing the Euler-MacLaurin\nsummation formula in an undergraduate course on statistical mechanics. We put\nforward two alternative routes: the first one is the simplest and yields the\nfirst two terms of the expansion. The second one is somewhat more elaborate and\ntakes into account all the correction terms. We apply both to the calculation\nof the simplest one-particle canonical partition functions for the\ntranslational, vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging Scaled Brownian Motion: Scaled Brownian motion (SBM) is widely used to model anomalous diffusion of\npassive tracers in complex and biological systems. It is a highly\nnon-stationary process governed by the Langevin equation for Brownian motion,\nhowever, with a power-law time dependence of the noise strength. Here we study\nthe aging properties of SBM for both unconfined and confined motion.\nSpecifically, we derive the ensemble and time averaged mean squared\ndisplacements and analyze their behavior in the regimes of weak, intermediate,\nand strong aging. A very rich behavior is revealed for confined aging SBM\ndepending on different aging times and whether the process is sub- or\nsuperdiffusive. We demonstrate that the information on the aging factorizes\nwith respect to the lag time and exhibits a functional form, that is identical\nto the aging behavior of scale free continuous time random walk processes.\nWhile SBM exhibits a disparity between ensemble and time averaged observables\nand is thus weakly non-ergodic, strong aging is shown to effect a convergence\nof the ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacement. Finally, we derive\nthe density of first passage times in the semi-infinite domain that features a\ncrossover defined by the aging time.",
        "positive": "Revisiting random deposition with surface relaxation: approaches from\n  growth rules to Edwards-Wilkinson equation: We present several approaches for deriving the coarse-grained continuous\nLangevin equation (or Edwards-Wilkinson equation) from a random deposition with\nsurface relaxation (RDSR) model. First we introduce a novel procedure to divide\nthe first transition moment into the three fundamental processes involved:\ndeposition, diffusion and volume conservation. We show how the diffusion\nprocess is related to antisymmetric contribution and the volume conservation\nprocess is related to symmetric contribution, which renormalizes to zero in the\ncoarse-grained limit. In another approach, we find the coefficients of the\ncontinuous Langevin equation, by regularizing the discrete Langevin equation.\nFinally, in a third approach, we derive these coefficients from the set of test\nfunctions supported by the stationary probability density function (SPDF) of\nthe discrete model. The applicability of the used approaches to other discrete\nrandom deposition models with instantaneous relaxation to a neighboring site is\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Study of bounds on non-equilibrium fluctuations for asymmetrically\n  driven quantum Otto engine: For a four-stroke asymmetrically driven quantum Otto engine with working\nmedium modeled by a single qubit, we study the bounds on non-equilibrium\nfluctuations of work and heat. We find strict relations between the\nfluctuations of work and individual heat for hot and cold reservoirs in\narbitrary operational regimes. Focusing on the engine regime, we show that the\nratio of non-equilibrium fluctuations of output work to input heat from the hot\nreservoir is both upper and lower bounded. As a consequence, we establish\nhierarchical relation between the relative fluctuations of work and heat for\nboth cold and hot reservoirs and further make a connection with the\nthermodynamic uncertainty relations. We discuss the fate of these bounds also\nin the refrigerator regime. The reported bounds, for such asymmetrically driven\nengines, emerge once both the time-forward and the corresponding reversed\ncycles of the engine are considered on an equal footing. We also extend our\nstudy and report bounds for a parametrically driven harmonic oscillator Otto\nengine.",
        "positive": "Active velocity processes with suprathermal stationary distributions and\n  long-time tails: When a particle moves through a spatially-random force field, its momentum\nmay change at a rate which grows with its speed. Suppose moreover that a\nthermal bath provides friction which gets weaker for large speeds, enabling\nhigh-energy localization. The result is a unifying framework for the emergence\nof heavy tails in the velocity distribution, relevant for understanding the\npower-law decay in the electron velocity distribution of space plasma or more\ngenerally for explaining non-Maxwellian behavior of driven gases. We also find\nlong-time tails in the velocity autocorrelation, indicating persistence at\nlarge speeds for a wide range of parameters and implying superdiffusion of the\nposition variable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Describing phase transitions in field theory by self-similar\n  approximants: Self-similar approximation theory is shown to be a powerful tool for\ndescribing phase transitions in quantum field theory. Self-similar approximants\npresent the extrapolation of asymptotic series in powers of small variables to\nthe arbitrary values of the latter, including the variables tending to\ninfinity. The approach is illustrated by considering three problems: (i) The\ninfluence of the coupling parameter strength on the critical temperature of the\nO(N)-symmetric multicomponent field theory. (ii) The calculation of critical\nexponents for the phase transition in the O(N)-symmetric field theory. (iii)\nThe evaluation of deconfinement temperature in quantum chromodynamics. The\nresults are in good agreement with the available numerical calculations, such\nas Monte Carlo simulations, Pade-Borel summation, and lattice data.",
        "positive": "Berry phases, current lattices, and suppression of phase transitions in\n  a lattice gauge theory of quantum antiferromagnets: We consider a lattice model of two complex scalar matter fields $z_{a},\na=1,2$ under a CP1 constraint $\\abs{z_1}^2+\\abs{z_2}^2=1$, minimally coupled to\na compact gauge field, with an additional Berry phase term. This model has been\nthe point of origin for a large body of works addressing novel paradigms for\nquantum criticality, in particular spin-quark (spinon) deconfinement in S=1/2\nquantum antiferromagnets. We map the model exactly to a link-current model,\nwhich permits the use of classical worm algorithms to study the model in\nlarge-scale Monte Carlo simulations on lattices of size L^3, up to L=360. We\nshow that the addition of a Berry phase term to the lattice $\\CP$-model\nsuppresses the phase transition in the $\\groupO{3}$ universality class of the\n$\\CP$-model. The link-current formulation of the model is useful in identifying\nthe mechanism by which the phase transition is suppressed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact time-dependent dynamics of discrete binary choice models: We provide a generic method to find full dynamical solutions to binary\ndecision models with interactions. In these models, agents follow a stochastic\nevolution where they must choose between two possible choices by taking into\naccount the choices of their peers. We illustrate our method by solving Kirman\nand F\\\"ollmer's ant recruitment model for any number $N$ of agents and for any\nchoice of parameters, recovering past results found in the limit $N\\to \\infty$.\nWe then solve extensions of the ant recruitment model for increasing asymmetry\nbetween the two choices. Finally, we provide an analytical time-dependent\nsolution to the standard voter model and a semi-analytical solution to the\nvacillating voter model.",
        "positive": "Fourier law in a momentum-conserving chain: We introduce a family of Hamiltonian models for heat conduction with and\nwithout momentum conservation. They are analytically solvable in the high\ntemperature limit and can also be efficiently simulated. In all cases Fourier\nlaw is verified in one dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics and Geometry of Reversible and Irreversible Markov\n  Processes: Master equation with microscopic reversibility ($q_{ij}\\neq 0$ iff\n$q_{ji}\\neq 0$) has a {\\em thermodynamic superstructure} in terms of two state\nfunctions $S$, entropy, and $F$, free energy: It is discovered recently that\nentropy production rate $e_p=-dF/dt+Q_{hk}$ with both $-dF/dt=f_d, Q_{hk} \\ge\n0$. The free energy dissipation $f_d\\ge 0$ reflects irreversibility in\nspontaneous self-organization; house-keeping heat $Q_{hk}\\ge 0$ reveals broken\ntime-symmetry in open system driven away from equilibrium. In a Riemannian\ngeometric space, the master equation is a geodesic flow when $Q_{hk}=0$; here\nwe show that the $e_p$ decomposition is orthogonal: $e_p$, $f_d$, $Q_{hk}$\nforms a pythagorean triples. Gradient flow means {\\em maximum dissipation\nprinciple} outside Onsager's regime. The presence of $Q_{hk}$ makses gradient\nflow no longer generally true. Thermodynamics of stochastic physics requires a\nnew geometric perspective.",
        "positive": "Lifetime statistics of quantum chaos studied by a multiscale analysis: In a series of pump and probe experiments, we study the lifetime statistics\nof a quantum chaotic resonator when the number of open channels is greater than\none. Our design embeds a stadium billiard into a two dimensional photonic\ncrystal realized on a Silicon-on-insulator substrate. We calculate resonances\nthrough a multiscale procedure that combines graph theory, energy landscape\nanalysis and wavelet transforms. Experimental data is found to follow the\nuniversal predictions arising from random matrix theory with an excellent level\nof agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Active Random Walks in One and Two Dimensions: We investigate active lattice walks: biased continuous time random walks\nwhich perform orientational diffusion between lattice directions in one and two\nspatial dimensions. We study the occupation probability of an arbitrary site on\nthe lattice in one and two dimensions, and derive exact results in the\ncontinuum limit. Next, we compute the large deviation free energy function in\nboth one and two dimensions, which we use to compute the moments and the\ncumulants of the displacements exactly at late times. Our exact results\ndemonstrate that the cross-correlations between the motion in the $x$ and $y$\ndirections in two dimensions persist in the large deviation function. We also\ndemonstrate that the large deviation function of an active particle with\ndiffusion displays two regimes, with differing diffusive behaviors. We verify\nour analytic results with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of an active lattice\nwalker in one and two dimensions.",
        "positive": "Attractor and Basin Entropies of Random Boolean Networks Under\n  Asynchronous Stochastic Update: We introduce a numerical method to study random Boolean networks with\nasynchronous stochas- tic update. Each node in the network of states starts\nwith equal occupation probability and this probability distribution then\nevolves to a steady state. Nodes left with finite occupation probability\ndetermine the attractors and the sizes of their basins. As for synchronous\nupdate, the basin entropy grows with system size only for critical networks,\nwhere the distribution of attractor lengths is a power law. We determine\nanalytically the distribution for the number of attractors and basin sizes for\nfrozen networks with connectivity K = 1."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Study of Cross-Over Effects For The 2D Random Bond Potts Model: We present results of a numerical simulation of the $q$-state random bond\nPotts model in two dimensions and for large $q$. In particular, care is taken\nto study the crossover from the pure model to the random model, as well as the\ncrossover from the percolation to the random model. We show how to determine\nprecisely the random fixed point and measure critical exponents at this point.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium thermodynamics ?: Twentyseven comments (.) on the Second Law and nonequilibrium systems"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on Renormalization Group Study of the A+B->0 Diffusion-Limited\n  Reaction: A recent argument of Oerding shows that our calculation of the quantity\nDelta, which determines the amplitude of the asymptotic decay of the particle\ndensity in d < 2 < 4, was in error. Instead it is simply given by Delta = n_0,\nthe initial density, for uncorrelated initial conditions.",
        "positive": "Asymmetric exclusion model with several kinds of impurities: We formulate a new integrable asymmetric exclusion process with\n$N-1=0,1,2,...$ kinds of impurities and with hierarchically ordered dynamics.\nThe model we proposed displays the full spectrum of the simple asymmetric\nexclusion model plus new levels. The first excited state belongs to these new\nlevels and displays unusual scaling exponents. We conjecture that, while the\nsimple asymmetric exclusion process without impurities belongs to the KPZ\nuniversality class with dynamical exponent 3/2, our model has a scaling\nexponent $3/2+N-1$. In order to check the conjecture, we solve numerically the\nBethe equation with N=3 and N=4 for the totally asymmetric diffusion and found\nthe dynamical exponents 7/2 and 9/2 in these cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Accurate dynamics from self-consistent memory in stochastic chemical\n  reactions with small copy numbers: We present a method that captures the fluctuations beyond mean field in\nchemical reactions in the regime of small copy numbers and hence large\nfluctuations, using self-consistently determined memory: by integrating\ninformation from the past we can systematically improve our approximation for\nthe dynamics of chemical reactions. This memory emerges from a perturbative\ntreatment of the effective action of the Doi-Peliti field theory for chemical\nreactions. By dressing only the response functions and by the self-consistent\nreplacement of bare responses by the dressed ones, we show how a very small\nclass of diagrams contributes to this expansion, with clear physical\ninterpretations. From these diagrams, a large sub-class can be further resummed\nto infinite order, resulting in a method that is stable even for large values\nof the expansion parameter or equivalently large reaction rates. We demonstrate\nthis method and its accuracy on single and multi-species binary reactions\nacross a range of reaction constant values.",
        "positive": "Family of Commuting Operators for the Totally Asymmetric Exclusion\n  Process: The algebraic structure underlying the totally asymmetric exclusion process\nis studied by using the Bethe Ansatz technique. From the properties of the\nalgebra generated by the local jump operators, we explicitly construct the\nhierarchy of operators (called generalized hamiltonians) that commute with the\nMarkov operator. The transfer matrix, which is the generating function of these\noperators, is shown to represent a discrete Markov process with long-range\njumps. We give a general combinatorial formula for the connected hamiltonians\nobtained by taking the logarithm of the transfer matrix. This formula is proved\nusing a symbolic calculation program for the first ten connected operators.\n  Keywords: ASEP, Algebraic Bethe Ansatz.\n  Pacs numbers: 02.30.Ik, 02.50.-r, 75.10.Pq."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information Arbitrage in Bipartite Heat Engines: Heat engines and information engines have each historically served as\nmotivating examples for the development of thermodynamics. While these two\ntypes of systems are typically thought of as two separate kinds of machines,\nrecent empirical studies of specific systems have hinted at possible\nconnections between the two. Inspired by molecular machines in the cellular\nenvironment, which in many cases have separate components in contact with\ndistinct sources of fluctuations, we study bipartite heat engines. We show that\na bipartite heat engine can only produce net output work by acting as an\ninformation engine. Conversely, information engines can only extract more work\nthan the work consumed to power them if they have access to different sources\nof fluctuations, i.e., act as heat engines. We illustrate these findings first\nthrough an analogy to economics and a cyclically controlled 2D ideal gas. We\nthen explore two analytically tractable model systems in more detail: a\nBrownian-gyrator heat engine which we show can be reinterpreted as a\nfeedback-cooling information engine, and a quantum-dot information engine which\ncan be reinterpreted as a thermoelectric heat engine. Our results suggest\ndesign principles for both heat engines and information engines at the\nnanoscale, and ultimately imply constraints on how free-energy transduction is\ncarried out in biological molecular machines.",
        "positive": "Fermions as generalized Ising models: We establish a general map between Grassmann functionals for fermions and\nprobability or weight distributions for Ising spins. The equivalence between\nthe two formulations is based on identical transfer matrices and expectation\nvalues of products of observables. The map preserves locality properties and\ncan be realized for arbitrary dimensions. We present a simple example where a\nquantum field theory for free massless Dirac fermions in two-dimensional\nMinkowski space is represented by an asymmetric Ising model on a euclidean\nsquare lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover behavior in a mixed mode fiber bundle model: We introduce a mixed-mode load sharing scheme in fiber bundle model. This\nmodel reduces exactly to equal load sharing (ELS) and local load sharing (LLS)\nmodels at the two extreme conditions of the load sharing rule. We identify two\ndistinct regimes: a) Mean-field regime where ELS mode dominates and b) short\nrange regime dominated by LLS mode. The crossover behavior is explored through\nthe numerical study of strength variation, the avalanche statistics,\nsusceptibility and relaxation time variations, the correlations among the\nbroken fibers and their cluster analysis. Analyzing the moments of the cluster\nsize distributions we locate the crossover point of these regimes. We thus\nconclude that even in one dimension, fiber bundle model shows crossover\nbehavior from mean-field to short range interactions.",
        "positive": "Fractional Levy motion through path integrals: Fractional Levy motion (fLm) is the natural generalization of fractional\nBrownian motion in the context of self-similar stochastic processes and stable\nprobability distributions. In this paper we give an explicit derivation of the\npropagator of fLm by using path integral methods. The propagators of Brownian\nmotion and fractional Brownian motion are recovered as particular cases. The\nfractional diffusion equation corresponding to fLm is also obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson Hamiltonian for the Griffiths phase: The Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson Hamiltonian with random temperature for the phase\ntransition in disordered systems from the Griffiths phase to ferromagnetic\nphase is reexamined. From the saddle point solutions, especially the excited\nstate solutions, it is shown that the system self-organizes into blocks coupled\nwith their neighbors like superspins, which are emergent variables. Taking the\nfluctuation around these saddle point solutions into account, we get an\neffective Hamiltonian, including the emergent superspins of the blocks, the\nfluctuation around the saddle point solutions, and their couplings. Applying\nStratonovich-Hubbard transformation to the part of superspins, we get a\nLandau-Ginzburg-Wilson Hamiltonian for the blocks. From the saddle point\nequations for the blocks, we can get the second generation blocks, of which\nsizes are much larger than the first generation blocks. Repeating this\nprocedure again and again, we get many generations of blocks to describe the\nasymptotic behavior. If a field is applied, the effective field on the\nsuperspins is multiplied greatly and proportional to the block size. For a very\nsmall field, the effective field on the higher generation superspins can be so\nstrong to cause the superspins polarizaed radically. This can explain the extra\nlarge critical isotherm exponent discovered in the experiments. The phase space\nof reduced temperature vs. field is divided into many layers , in which\ndifferent generation blocks dominate the critical behavior. The sizes of the\ndifferent generation emergent blocks are new relevant length scales. This can\nexplain a lot of puzzles in the experiments and the Monte Carlo simulation.",
        "positive": "A general approach to the sign problem - the factorization method with\n  multiple observables: The sign problem is a notorious problem, which occurs in Monte Carlo\nsimulations of a system with the partition function whose integrand is not real\npositive. The basic idea of the factorization method applied on such a system\nis to control some observables in order to determine and sample efficiently the\nregion of configuration space which gives important contribution to the\npartition function. We argue that it is crucial to choose appropriately the set\nof the observables to be controlled in order for the method to work\nsuccessfully in a general system. This is demonstrated by an explicit example,\nin which it turns out to be necessary to control more than one observables.\nExtrapolation to large system size is possible due to the nice scaling\nproperties of the factorized functions, and known results obtained by an\nanalytic method are shown to be consistently reproduced."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical renormalization group for mode-coupling field theories with\n  solenoidal constraint: The recent inflow of empirical data about the collective behaviour of\nstrongly correlated biological systems has brought field theory and the\nrenormalization group into the biophysical arena. Experiments on bird flocks\nand insect swarms show that social forces act on the particles' velocity\nthrough the generator of its rotations, namely the spin, indicating that\nmode-coupling field theories are necessary to reproduce the correct dynamical\nbehaviour. Unfortunately, a theory for three coupled fields - density, velocity\nand spin - has a prohibitive degree of intricacy. A simplifying path consists\nin getting rid of density fluctuations by studying incompressible systems. This\nrequires imposing a solenoidal constraint on the primary field, an unsolved\nproblem even for equilibrium mode-coupling theories. Here, we perform an\nequilibrium dynamic renormalization group analysis of a mode-coupling field\ntheory subject to a solenoidal constraint; using the classification of Halperin\nand Hohenberg, we can dub this case as a solenoidal Model G. We demonstrate\nthat the constraint produces a new vertex that mixes static and dynamical\ncoupling constants, and that this vertex is essential to grant the closure of\nthe renormalization group structure and the consistency of dynamics with\nstatics. Interestingly, although the solenoidal constraint leads to a\nmodification of the static universality class, we find that it does not change\nthe dynamical universality class, a result that seems to represent an exception\nto the general rule that dynamical universality classes are narrower than\nstatic ones. Our results constitute a solid stepping stone in the admittedly\nlarge chasm towards developing an off-equilibrium mode-coupling theory of\nbiological groups.",
        "positive": "Test of multiscaling in DLA model using an off-lattice killing-free\n  algorithm: We test the multiscaling issue of DLA clusters using a modified algorithm.\nThis algorithm eliminates killing the particles at the death circle. Instead,\nwe return them to the birth circle at a random relative angle taken from the\nevaluated distribution. In addition, we use a two-level hierarchical memory\nmodel that allows using large steps in conjunction with an off-lattice\nrealization of the model. Our algorithm still seems to stay in the framework of\nthe original DLA model. We present an accurate estimate of the fractal\ndimensions based on the data for a hundred clusters with 50 million particles\neach. We find that multiscaling cannot be ruled out. We also find that the\nfractal dimension is a weak self-averaging quantity. In addition, the fractal\ndimension, if calculated using the harmonic measure, is a nonmonotonic function\nof the cluster radius. We argue that the controversies in the data\ninterpretation can be due to the weak self-averaging and the influence of\nintrinsic noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium critical dynamics of the three-dimensional gauge glass: We study the non-equilibrium aging behavior of the gauge glass model in three\ndimensions at the critical temperature. We perform Monte Carlo simulations with\na Metropolis update, and correlation and response functions are calculated for\ndifferent waiting times. We obtain a multiplicative aging scaling of the\ncorrelation and response functions, calculating the aging exponent $b$ and the\nnonequilibrium autocorrelation decay exponent $\\lambda_c/z_c$. We also analyze\nthe fluctuation-dissipation relationship at the critical temperature, obtaining\nthe critical fluctuation-dissipation ratio $X_\\infty$. By comparing our results\nwith the aging scaling reported previously for a model of interacting flux\nlines in the vortex glass regime, we found that the exponents for both models\nare very different.",
        "positive": "Precision-dissipation trade-off for driven stochastic systems: In this paper, I derive a closed expression for how precisely a small-scaled\nsystem can follow a pre-defined trajectory, while keeping its dissipation below\na fixed limit. The total amount of dissipation is approximately inversely\nproportional to the expected deviation from the pre-defined trajectory. The\noptimal driving protocol is derived and it is shown that associated\ntime-dependent probability distribution conserves its shape throughout the\nprotocol. Potential applications are discussed in the context of bit erasure\nand electronic circuits."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Water Propagation in the Porous Media, Self-Organized Criticality and\n  Ising Model: In this paper we propose the Ising model to study the propagation of water in\n2 dimensional (2D) petroleum reservoir in which each bond between its pores has\nthe probability $p$ of being activated. We analyze the water movement pattern\nin porous media described by Darcy equations by focusing on its geometrical\nobjects. Using Schramm-Loewner evolution (SLE) technique we numerically show\nthat at $p=p_c\\simeq 0.59$, this model lies within the Ising universality class\nwith the diffusivity parameter $\\kappa=3$ and the fractal dimension\n$D_f=\\frac{11}{8}$. We introduce a self-organized critical model in which the\nwater movement is modeled by a chain of topplings taking place when the amount\nof water exceeds the critical value and numerically show that it coincides with\nthe numerical reservoir simulation. For this model, the behaviors of\ndistribution functions of the geometrical quantities and the Green function are\ninvestigated in terms of $p$. We show that percolation probability has a\nmaximum around $p=0.68$, in contrast to common belief.",
        "positive": "Nonergodic Brownian Dynamics and the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem: Nonergodic Brownian motion is elucidated within the framework of the\ngeneralized Langevin equation. For thermal noise yielding either a vanishing or\na divergent zero-frequency friction strength, the non-Markovian Browninan\ndynamics exhibits a riveting, anomalous diffusion behavior being characterized\nby a ballistic or possibly also a localized dynamics. As a consequence, such\ntailored thermal noise may cause a net acceleration of directed transport in a\nrocking Brownian motor. Two notable conditions for the thermal noise are\nidentified in order to guarantee the fluctuation-dissipation theorem of first\nkind."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "\"Equilibrium\" states of non equilibrium system: A possible approach to description of the non equilibrium system has been\nproposed. Based on the Fokker-Plank equation in term of energy for non\nequilibrium distribution function of macroscopical system was obtained the\nstationary solution which can be interpreted as the equilibrium distribution\nfunction for new energetic state. The proposed approach takes into account the\npossible motion between different states of system, induced by dissipation of\nenergy and influence of environment which dependence on energy of the system. A\nnon-linear model, which describe possible stationary state of system with\ndifferent processes in it, has been described.",
        "positive": "Short range order in a steady state of irradiated Cu-Pd alloys:\n  Comparison with fluctuations at thermal equilibrium: The equilibrium short-range order (SRO) in Cu-Pd alloys is studied\ntheoretically. The evolution of the Fermi surface-related splitting of the\n(110) diffuse intensity peak with changing temperature is examined. The results\nare compared with experimental observations for electron-irradiated samples in\na steady state, for which the temperature dependence of the splitting was\npreviously found in the composition range from 20 to 28 at.% Pd. The\nequilibrium state is studied by analysing available experimental and\ntheoretical results and using a recently proposed alpha-expansion theory of SRO\nwhich is able to describe the temperature-dependent splitting. It is found that\nthe electronic-structure calculations in the framework of the\nKorringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent potential approximation overestimate the\nexperimental peak splitting. This discrepancy is attributed to the shift of the\nintensity peaks with respect to the positions of the corresponding\nreciprocal-space minima of the effective interatomic interaction towards the\n(110) and equivalent positions. Combined with an assumption about monotonicity\nof the temperature behaviour of the splitting, such shift implies an increase\nof the splitting with increasing temperature for all compositions considered in\nthis study. The alpha-expansion calculations seem to confirm this conclusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of stable marriages: In the stable marriage problem N men and N women have to be matched by pairs\nunder the constraint that the resulting matching is stable. We study the\nstatistical properties of stable matchings in the large N limit using both\nnumerical and analytical methods. Generalizations of the model including\nsingles and unequal numbers of men and women are also investigated.",
        "positive": "Power fluctuations in a finite-time quantum Carnot engine: Stability is an important property of small thermal machines with fluctuating\npower output. We here consider a finite-time quantum Carnot engine based on a\ndegenerate multilevel system and study the influence of its finite Hilbert\nspace structure on its stability. We optimize in particular its relative work\nfluctuations with respect to level degeneracy and level number. We find that\nits optimal performance may surpass those of nondegenerate two-level engines or\nharmonic oscillator motors. Our results show how to realize high-performance,\nhigh-stability cyclic quantum heat engines."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Bare Diffusion Coefficient and the Peculiar Velocity\n  Auto-Correlation Function: The bare diffusion coefficient is given as the time integral of the peculiar\nvelocity autocorrelation function or PVACF and this result is different from\nthe well known Green-Kubo formula. The bare diffusion coefficient characterizes\nthe diffusion process on a length scale lambda. The PVACF is given here for the\nfirst time in terms of the positions and velocities of the N particles of the\nsystem so the PVACF is in a form suitable for evaluation by molecular dynamics\nsimulations. The computer simulations show that for the two dimensional hard\ndisk system, the PVACF decays increasingly rapidly in time as lambda is reduced\nand this is probably a general characteristic.",
        "positive": "Temperature Expansions in the Square-Shoulder Fluid I: the Wiener-Hopf\n  Function: We investigate the spatial structure of dense square-shoulder fluids. To this\nend we derive analytical perturbative solutions of the Ornstein-Zernike\nequation in the low- and high-temperature limits as expansions around the known\nhard sphere solutions. We then discuss the suitability of perturbative\napproaches in relation to the Ornstein-Zernike equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Aizenman exponent in critical percolation: The probabilities of clusters spanning a hypercube of dimensions two to seven\nalong one axis of a percolation system under criticality were investigated\nnumerically. We used a modified Hoshen--Kopelman algorithm combined with\nGrassberger's \"go with the winner\" strategy for the site percolation. We\ncarried out a finite-size analysis of the data and found that the probabilities\nconfirm Aizenman's proposal of the multiplicity exponent for dimensions three\nto five. A crossover to the mean-field behavior around the upper critical\ndimension is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Electronic lifetimes in ballistic quantum dots electrostatically coupled\n  to metallic environments: We calculate the lifetime of low-energy electronic excitations in a\ntwo-dimensional quantum dot near a metallic gate. We find different behaviors\ndepending on the relative values of the dot size, the dot-gate distance and the\nThomas-Fermi screening length within the dot. The standard Fermi liquid\nbehavior is obtained when the dot-gate distance is much shorter than the dot\nsize or when it is so large that intrinsic effects dominate. Departures from\nthe Fermi liquid behavior are found in the unscreened dipole case of small dots\nfar away from the gate, for which a Caldeira-Leggett model is applicable. At\nintermediate distances, a marginal Fermi liquid is obtained if there is\nsufficient screening within the dot. In these last two non-trivial cases, the\nlevel width decays as a power law with the dot-gate distance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collection of polar self-propelled particles with a modified alignment\n  interaction: We study the disorder-to-order transition in a collection of polar\nself-propelled particles interacting through a distance dependent alignment\ninteraction. Strength of the interaction, $a^{d}$ ($0<a<1$) decays with metric\ndistance $d$ between particle pair, and the interaction is short range. At $a =\n1.0$, our model reduces to the famous Vicsek model. For all ${\\it a}>0$, the\nsystem shows a transition from a disordered to an ordered state as a function\nof noise strength. We calculate the critical noise strength, $\\eta_c(a)$ for\ndifferent $a$ and compare it with the mean-field result. Nature of the\ndisorder-to-order transition continuously changes from discontinuous to\ncontinuous with decreasing $a$. We numerically estimate tri-critical point\n$a_{TCP}$ at which the nature of transition changes from discontinuous to\ncontinuous. The density phase separation is large for ${\\it a}$ close to unity,\nand it decays with decreasing $a$. We also write the coarse-grained\nhydrodynamic equations of motion for general ${\\it a}$, and find that the\nhomogeneous ordered state is unstable to small perturbation as ${\\it a}$\napproaches to $1$. The instability in the homogeneous ordered state is\nconsistent with the large density phase separation for ${\\it a}$ close to\nunity.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of extended Schelling models: We explore extensions of Schelling's model of social dynamics, in which two\ntypes of agents live on a checkerboard lattice and move in order to optimize\ntheir own satisfaction, which depends on how many agents among their neighbors\nare of their same type. For each number $n$ of same-type nearest neighbors we\nindependently assign a binary satisfaction variable $s_{k}$ which is equal to\none only if the agent is satisfied with that condition, and is equal to zero\notherwise. This defines 32 different satisfaction rules, which we investigate\nin detail, focusing on pattern formation and measuring segregation with the\nhelp of an \"energy\" function which is related to the number of neighboring\nagents of different types and plays no role in the dynamics. We consider the\ncheckerboard lattice to be fully occupied and the dynamics consists of\nswitching the locations of randomly selected unsatisfied agents of opposite\ntypes. We show that, starting from a random distribution of agents, only a\nsmall number of rules lead to (nearly) fully segregated patterns in the long\nrun, with many rules leading to chaotic steady-state behavior. Nevertheless,\nother interesting patterns may also be dynamically generated, such as\n\"anti-segregate d\" patterns as well as patterns resembling sponges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Study of Critical Dynamics in Fluid via Molecular Dynamics in Canonical\n  Ensemble: With the objective of demonstrating usefulness of thermostats in the study of\ndynamic critical phenomena in fluids, we present results for transport\nproperties in a binary Lennard-Jones fluid that exhibits liquid-liquid phase\ntransition. Results from the molecular dynamics simulations in canonical\nensemble, with various thermostats, are compared with those from microcanonical\nensemble. It is observed that the Nos\\'{e}-Hoover and dissipative particle\ndynamics thermostats are useful for the calculations of mutual diffusivity and\nshear viscosity. The Nos\\'{e}-Hoover thermostat, however, appears inadequate\nfor the study of bulk viscosity.",
        "positive": "Effects of an oscillating field on magnetic domain patterns: Numerical\n  and theoretical studies on the concentric-ring patterns surrounding a strong\n  defect: Oscillating fields can make domain patterns change into various types of\nstructures. Numerical simulations show that concentric-ring domain patterns\ncentered at a strong defect are observed under a rapidly oscillating field in\nsome cases. The concentric-ring pattern appears near the threshold of\nspatially-uniform patterns in high-frequency cases. The threshold is\ntheoretically estimated and the theoretical threshold is in good agreement with\nnumerical one in a high-frequency region. The theoretical analysis gives also\ngood estimations of several characteristics of domain patterns for\nhigh-frequencies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Destruction of string order after a quantum quench: We investigate the evolution of string order in a spin-1 chain following a\nquantum quench. After initializing the chain in the Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki\nstate, we analyze in detail how string order evolves as a function of time at\ndifferent length scales. The Hamiltonian after the quench is chosen either to\npreserve or to suddenly break the symmetry which ensures the presence of string\norder. Depending on which of these two situations arises, string order is\neither preserved or lost even at infinitesimal times in the thermodynamic\nlimit. The fact that non-local order may be abruptly destroyed, what we call\nstring-order melting, makes it qualitatively different from typical order\nparameters in the manner of Landau. This situation is thoroughly characterized\nby means of numerical simulations based on matrix product states algorithms and\nanalytical studies based on a short-time expansion for several simplified\nmodels.",
        "positive": "Ternary-Spin Ising Model on an Anisotropically Decorated Square Lattice:\n  An Exactly Solvable Case: Magnetic properties of a ternary-spin Ising model on the decorated square\nlattice are studied within a generalized decoration-iteration transformation.\nDepending on the mutual ratio between exchange interactions and the single-ion\nanisotropy, there appear six different phases in the ground state. The magnetic\norder of these phases together with the critical behaviour and corresponding\nmagnetization curves are discussed in detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probability-free foundation of continuum mechanics equations\n  irreversibility: connection with particle dynamics: An equation describing the irreversible evolution of the local density of a\ncontinuous medium without involving any statistical hypotheses and assumptions\nis derived. The derivation is based on the smoothing of the microscopic dynamic\ncharacteristics of a many-body system, taking into account the retardation of\nthe interactions between them. The resulting equation generalizes the classical\nequation of motion for fluids. Several particular cases of the resulting\nequation, as well as its connection with the dynamic density functional theory,\nare considered.",
        "positive": "Microscopic approach to entropy production: It is a great challenge of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics to calculate\nentropy production within a microscopic theory. In the framework of linear\nirreversible thermodynamics, we combine the Mori-Zwanzig-Forster projection\noperator technique with the first and second law of thermodynamics to obtain\nmicroscopic expressions for the entropy production as well as for the transport\nequations of the entropy density and its time correlation function. We further\npresent a microscopic derivation of a dissipation functional from which the\ndissipative dynamics of an extended dynamical density functional theory can be\nobtained in a formally elegant way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An information and field theoretic approach to the grand canonical\n  ensemble: We present a novel derivation of the constraints required to obtain the\nunderlying principles of statistical mechanics using a maximum entropy\nframework. We derive the mean value constraints by use of the central limit\ntheorem and the scaling properties of Lagrange multipliers. We then arrive at\nthe same result using a quantum free field theory and the Ward identities. The\nwork provides a principled footing for maximum entropy methods in statistical\nphysics, adding the body of work aligned to Jaynes's vision of statistical\nmechanics as a form of inference rather than a physical theory dependent on\nergodicity, metric transitivity and equal a priori probabilities. We show that\nstatistical independence, in the macroscopic limit, is the unifying concept\nthat leads to all these derivations.",
        "positive": "Elastic Forces Drive Nonequilibrium Pattern Formation in a Model of\n  Nanocrystal Ion Exchange: Chemical transformations, such as ion exchange, are commonly employed to\nmodify nanocrystal compositions. Yet the mechanisms of these transformations,\nwhich often operate far from equilibrium and entail mixing diverse chemical\nspecies, remain poorly understood. Here, we explore an idealized model for ion\nexchange in which a chemical potential drives compositional defects to\naccumulate at a crystal's surface. These impurities subsequently diffuse\ninward. We find that the nature of interactions between sites in a\ncompositionally impure crystal strongly impacts exchange trajectories. In\nparticular, elastic deformations which accompany lattice-mismatched species\npromote spatially modulated patterns in the composition. These same patterns\ncan be produced at equilibrium in core/shell nanocrystals, whose structure\nmimics transient motifs observed in nonequilibrium trajectories. Moreover, the\ncore of such nanocrystals undergoes a phase transition - from modulated to\nunstructured - as the thickness or stiffness of the shell is decreased. Our\nresults help explain the varied patterns observed in heterostructured\nnanocrystals produced by ion exchange and suggest principles for the rational\ndesign of compositionally-patterned nanomaterials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic sampling of the isothermal-isobaric ensemble: phase diagram\n  of crystalline solids from molecular dynamics simulation: A methodology to sample the isothermal-isobaric ensemble using Langevin\ndynamics is proposed, which combines novel features of geometric integrators\nfor the equations of motion. By employing the Trotter expansion, the\nmethodology generates a robust, symmetric and accurate numerical algorithm. In\norder to show that the proposed method correctly samples the phase-space,\nsimulations in the isotropic NPT ensemble were carried out for two analytical\nexamples. Also this method permits to study a solid-solid phase transition, by\nconducting a fully flexible-cell molecular dynamics simulation. Additionally,\nwe present an efficient method to determine the Gibbs free energy in a wide\ninterval of pressure along an isothermal path, which allows us to determine the\ntransition pressure in a driven by pressure solid-solid phase transition. Our\ncalculations show that the methodology is highly suitable for the study of\nphase diagram of crystalline solids.",
        "positive": "Out-of-equilibrium scaling of the energy density along the critical\n  relaxational flow after a quench of the temperature: We study the out-of-equilibrium behavior of statistical systems along\ncritical relaxational flows arising from instantaneous quenches of the\ntemperature $T$ to the critical point $T_c$, starting from equilibrium\nconditions at time $t=0$. In the case of soft quenches, i.e. when the initial\ntemperature $T$ is assumed sufficiently close to $T_c$ (to keep the system\nwithin the critical regime), the critical modes develop an out-of-equilibrium\nfinite-size scaling (FSS) behavior in terms of the rescaled time variable\n$\\Theta=t/L^z$, where $t$ is the time interval after quenching, $L$ is the size\nof the system, and $z$ is the dynamic exponent associated with the dynamics.\nHowever, the realization of this picture is less clear when considering the\nenergy density, whose equilibrium scaling behavior (corresponding to the\nstarting point of the relaxational flow) is generally dominated by a\ntemperature-dependent regular background term or mixing with the identity\noperator. These issues are investigated by numerical analyses within the\nthree-dimensional lattice $N$-vector models, for $N=3$ and $N=4$, which provide\nexamples of critical behaviors with negative values of the specific-heat\ncritical exponent $\\alpha$, implying that also the critical behavior of the\nspecific heat gets hidden by the background term. The results show that, after\nsubtraction of its asymptotic critical value at $T_c$, the energy density\ndevelops an asymptotic out-of-equilibrium FSS in terms of $\\Theta$ as well,\nwhose scaling function appears singular in the small-$\\Theta$ limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Obtaining efficient thermal engines from interacting Brownian particles\n  under time dependent periodic drivings: We introduce an alternative route for obtaining reliable cyclic engines,\nbased on interacting Brownian particles under time-periodic drivings. General\nexpressions for the thermodynamic fluxes, such as power and heat, are obtained\nusing the framework of Stochastic Thermodynamics. Several protocols for\noptimizing the engine performance are considered, by looking at system\nparameters such as the output forces and their phase-difference. We study both\nwork-to-work and heat-to-work engines. Our results suggest that carefully\ndesigned interactions between particles can lead to more efficient engines.",
        "positive": "Surface Incommensurate Structure in an Anisotropic Model with competing\n  interactions on Semiinfinite Triangular Lattice: An anisotropic spin model on a triangular semiinfinite lattice with\nferromagnetic nearest-neighbour interactions and one antiferromagnetic\nnext-nearest-neighbour interaction is investigated by the cluster\ntransfer-matrix method. A phase diagram with <2> antiphase, ferromagnetic,\nincommensurate, and disordered phase is obtained. The bulk uniaxial\nincommensurate structure modulated in the direction of the competing\ninteractions is found between the <2> antiphase and the disordered phase. The\nincommensurate structure near the surface with free and <2> boundary condition\nis studied at different temperatures. Paramagnetic damping at the surface and\nenhancement of the incommensurate structure in the subsurface region at high\ntemperatures and a new subsurface incommensurate structure modulated in two\ndirections at low temperatures are found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Parking search in the physical world: Calculating the search time by\n  leveraging physical and graph theoretical methods: Parking plays a central role in transport policies and has wide-ranging\nconsequences: While the average time spent searching for parking exceeds dozens\nof hours per driver every year in many Western cities, the associated cruising\ntraffic generates major externalities, by emitting pollutants and contributing\nto congestion. However, the laws governing the parking search time remain\nopaque in many regards, which hinders any general understanding of the problem\nand its determinants. Here, we frame the problem of parking search in a very\ngeneric, but mathematically compact formulation which puts the focus on the\nrole of the street network and the unequal attractiveness of parking spaces.\nThis problem is solved in two independent ways, valid in any street network and\nfor a wide range of drivers' behaviours. Numerically, this is done by means of\na computationally efficient and versatile agent-based model. Analytically, we\nleverage the machinery of Statistical Physics and Graph Theory to derive a\ngeneric mean-field relation giving the parking search time as a function of the\noccupancy of parking spaces; an expression for the latter is obtained in the\nstationary regime. We show that these theoretical results are applicable in toy\nnetworks as well as in complex, realistic cases such as the large-scale street\nnetwork of the city of Lyon, France. Taken as a whole, these findings clarify\nthe parameters that directly control the search time and provide transport\nengineers with a quantitative grasp of the parking problem. Besides, they\nestablish formal connections between the parking issue in realistic settings\nand physical problems.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation theorems and orbital magnetism in nonequilibrium state: We study Langevin dynamics of a driven charged particle in the presence as\nwell as in the absence of magnetic field. We discuss the validity of various\nwork fluctuation theorems using different model potentials and external drives.\nWe also show that one can generate an orbital magnetic moment in a\nnonequilibrium state which is absent in equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of mobility on ordering dynamics: Models of ordering dynamics allow to understand natural systems in which an\ninitially disordered population homogenizes some traits via local interactions.\nThe simplest of these models, with wide applications ranging from evolutionary\nto social dynamics, are the Voter and Moran processes, usually defined in terms\nof static or randomly mixed individuals that interact with a neighbor to copy\nor modify a discrete trait. Here we study the effects of diffusion in\nVoter/Moran processes by proposing a generalization of ordering dynamics in a\nmetapopulation framework, in which individuals are endowed with mobility and\ndiffuse through a spatial structure represented as a graph of patches upon\nwhich interactions take place. We show that diffusion dramatically affects the\ntime to reach the homogeneous state, independently of the underlying network's\ntopology, while the final consensus emerges through different local/global\nmechanisms, depending on the mobility strength. Our results highlight the\ncrucial role played by mobility in ordering processes and set up a general\nframework that allows to study its effect on a large class of models, with\nimplications in the understanding of evolutionary and social phenomena.",
        "positive": "Anomalous response in the vicinity of spontaneous symmetry breaking: We propose a mechanism to induce negative AC permittivity in the vicinity of\na ferroelectric phase transition involved with spontaneous symmetry breaking.\nThis mechanism makes use of responses at low frequency, yielding a high gain\nand a large phase delay, when the system jumps over the free-energy barrier\nwith the aid of external fields. We illustrate the mechanism by analytically\nstudying spin models with the Glauber-typed dynamics under periodic\nperturbations. Then, we show that the scenario is supported by numerical\nsimulations of mean-field as well as two-dimensional spin systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary layer variational principles: A case study: Considering the model heat conduction problem in the setting of Grad's moment\nequations, we demonstrate a crossover in the structure of minima of the entropy\nproduction within the boundary layer. Based on this observation, we formulate\nand compare variation principles for solving the problem of boundary conditions\nin nonequilibrium thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Two-species magneto-optical trap with 40K and 87Rb: We trap and cool a gas composed of 40K and 87Rb, using a two-species\nmagneto-optical trap (MOT). This trap represents the first step towards cooling\nthe Bose-Fermi mixture to quantum degeneracy. Laser light for the MOT is\nderived from laser diodes and amplified with a single high power semiconductor\namplifier chip. The four-color laser system is described, and the\nsingle-species and two-species MOTs are characterized. Atom numbers of 1x10^7\n40K and 2x10^9 87Rb are trapped in the two-species MOT. Observation of trap\nloss due to collisions between species is presented and future prospects for\nthe experiment are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Signature from Integrability to Chaos in Dissipative Open\n  Quantum Systems: We study the transition between integrable and chaotic behaviour in\ndissipative open quantum systems, exemplified by a boundary driven quantum\nspin-chain. The repulsion between the complex eigenvalues of the corresponding\nLiouville operator in radial distance $s$ is used as a universal measure. The\ncorresponding level spacing distribution is well fitted by that of a static\ntwo-dimensional Coulomb gas with harmonic potential at inverse temperature\n$\\beta\\in[0,2]$. Here, $\\beta=0$ yields the two-dimensional Poisson\ndistribution, matching the integrable limit of the system, and $\\beta=2$ equals\nthe distribution obtained from the complex Ginibre ensemble, describing the\nfully chaotic limit. Our findings generalise the results of Grobe, Haake and\nSommers who derived a universal cubic level repulsion for small spacings $s$.\nWe collect mathematical evidence for the universality of the full level spacing\ndistribution in the fully chaotic limit at $\\beta=2$. It holds for all three\nGinibre ensembles of random matrices with independent real, complex or\nquaternion matrix elements.",
        "positive": "Eulerian Field-Theoretic Closure Formalisms for Fluid Turbulence: The formalisms of Wyld [2] and Martin, Siggia, and Rose (MSR) [3] address the\nclosure problem of a statistical treatment of homogeneous isotropic turbulence\n(HIT) based on techniques primarily developed for quantum field theory. In the\nWyld formalism, there is a well-known double-counting problem, for which an\n{\\it ad hoc} solution was suggested by Lee [44]. We show how to implement this\ncorrection in a more natural way from the basic equations of the formalism.\nThis leads to what we call the \"Improved Wyld-Lee Renormalized Perturbation\nTheory\". MSR had noted that their formalism had more vertex functions than\nWyld's formalism and based on this felt Wyld's formalism was incorrect. However\na careful comparison of both formalisms here shows that the Wyld formalism\nfollows a different procedure to that of the MSR formalism and so the treatment\nof vertex corrections appears in different ways in the two formalisms. Taking\nthat into account, along with clarifications made to both formalisms, we find\nthat they are equivalent and we demonstrate this up to fourth order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Order statistics for d-dimensional diffusion processes: We present results for the ordered sequence of first passage times of arrival\nof N random walkers at a boundary in Euclidean spaces of d dimensions.",
        "positive": "Cycle-expansion method for the Lyapunov exponent, susceptibility, and\n  higher moments: Lyapunov exponents characterize the chaotic nature of dynamical systems by\nquantifying the growth rate of uncertainty associated with the imperfect\nmeasurement of initial conditions. Finite-time estimates of the exponent,\nhowever, experience fluctuations due to both the initial condition and the\nstochastic nature of the dynamical path. The scale of these fluctuations is\ngoverned by the Lyapunov susceptibility, the finiteness of which typically\nprovides a sufficient condition for the law of large numbers to apply. Here, we\nobtain a formally exact expression for this susceptibility in terms of the\nRuelle dynamical zeta function for one-dimensional systems. We further show\nthat, for systems governed by sequences of random matrices, the cycle expansion\nof the zeta function enables systematic computations of the Lyapunov\nsusceptibility and of its higher-moment generalizations. The method is here\napplied to a class of dynamical models that maps to static disordered spin\nchains with interactions stretching over a varying distance, and is tested\nagainst Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous relaxation and hyperuniform fluctuations in center-of-mass\n  conserving systems with broken time-reversal symmetry: We study a paradigmatic model of absorbing-phase transition - the Oslo model\n- on a one-dimensional ring of $L$ sites with a fixed global density\n$\\bar{\\rho}$; notably, microscopic dynamics conserve both mass and\n\\textit{center of mass (CoM), but lacks time-reversal symmetry}. Despite having\nhighly constrained dynamics due to CoM conservation, the system exhibits\ndiffusive relaxation away from criticality and superdiffusive relaxation near\ncriticality. Furthermore, the CoM conservation severely restricts particle\nmovement, rendering the mobility to vanish exactly. Indeed the temporal growth\nof current fluctuation is qualitatively different from that observed in\ndiffusive systems with a single conservation law. Away from criticality,\nsteady-state fluctuation $\\langle \\mathcal{Q}_i^2(T,\\Delta) \\rangle$ of current\n$\\mathcal{Q}_i$ across $i$th bond up to time $T$ \\textit{saturates} as $\\langle\n\\mathcal{Q}_i^2 \\rangle \\simeq \\Sigma_Q^2(\\Delta) - {\\rm const.} T^{-1/2}$;\nnear criticality, it grows subdiffusively as $\\langle \\mathcal{Q}_i^2 \\rangle\n\\sim T^\\alpha$, with $0 < \\alpha < 1/2$, and eventually \\textit{saturates} to\n$\\Sigma_Q^2(\\Delta)$. The asymptotic current fluctuation $\\Sigma_Q^2(\\Delta)$\nis a \\textit{nonmonotonic} function of $\\Delta$: It diverges as\n$\\Sigma_Q^2(\\Delta) \\sim \\Delta^2$ for $\\Delta \\gg \\rho_c$ and\n$\\Sigma_Q^2(\\Delta) \\sim \\Delta^{-\\delta}$, with $\\delta > 0$, for $\\Delta \\to\n0^+$. By using a mass-conservation principle, we exactly determine the\nexponents $\\delta = 2(1-1/\\nu_\\perp)/\\nu_\\perp$ and $\\alpha = \\delta/z\n\\nu_\\perp$ via the correlation-length and dynamic exponents, $\\nu_\\perp$ and\n$z$, respectively. Finally, we show that, in the steady state, the\nself-diffusion coefficient $\\mathcal{D}_s(\\bar{\\rho})$ of tagged particles is\nconnected to activity by $\\mathcal{D}_s(\\bar{\\rho}) = a(\\bar{\\rho}) /\n\\bar{\\rho}$.",
        "positive": "Spectroscopy of phase transitions for multiagent systems: In this paper we study phase transitions for weakly interacting multiagent\nsystems. By investigating the linear response of a system composed of a finite\nnumber of agents, we are able to probe the emergence in the thermodynamic limit\nof a singular behaviour of the susceptibility. We find clear evidence of the\nloss of analyticity due to a pole crossing the real axis of frequencies. Such\nbehaviour has a degree of universality, as it does not depend on either the\napplied forcing nor on the considered observable. We present results relevant\nfor both equilibrium and nonequilibrium phase transitions by studying the\nDesai-Zwanzig and Bonilla-Casado-Morillo models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonuniversal Effects in the Homogeneous Bose Gas: Effective field theory predicts that the leading nonuniversal effects in the\nhomogeneous Bose gas arise from the effective range for S-wave scattering and\nfrom an effective three-body contact interaction. We calculate the leading\nnonuniversal contributions to the energy density and condensate fraction and\ncompare the predictions with results from diffusion Monte Carlo calculations by\nGiorgini, Boronat, and Casulleras. We give a crude determination of the\nstrength of the three-body contact interaction for various model potentials.\nAccurate determinations could be obtained from diffusion Monte Carlo\ncalculations of the energy density with higher statistics.",
        "positive": "Failure Processes in Elastic Fiber Bundles: The fiber bundle model describes a collection of elastic fibers under load.\nthe fibers fail successively and for each failure, the load distribution among\nthe surviving fibers change. Even though very simple, the model captures the\nessentials of failure processes in a large number of materials and settings. We\npresent here a review of fiber bundle model with different load redistribution\nmechanism from the point of view of statistics and statistical physics rather\nthan materials science, with a focus on concepts such as criticality,\nuniversality and fluctuations. We discuss the fiber bundle model as a tool for\nunderstanding phenomena such as creep, and fatigue, how it is used to describe\nthe behavior of fiber reinforced composites as well as modelling e.g. network\nfailure, traffic jams and earthquake dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Invasion Sandpile Model: Motivated by multiphase flow in reservoirs, we propose and study a\ntwo-species sandpile model in two dimensions. A pile of particles becomes\nunstable and topples if, at least one of the following two conditions is\nfulfilled: 1) the number of particles of one species in the pile exceeds a\ngiven threshold or 2) the total number of particles in the pile exceeds a\nsecond threshold. The latter mechanism leads to the invasion of one species\nthrough regions dominated by the other species. We studied numerically the\nstatistics of the avalanches and identified two different regimes. For large\navalanches the statistics is consistent with ordinary Bak-Tang-Weisenfeld\nmodel. Whereas, for small avalanches, we find a regime with different\nexponents. In particular, the fractal dimension of the external perimeter of\navalanches is $D_f=1.47\\pm 0.02$ and the exponent of their size distribution\nexponent is $\\tau_s=0.95\\pm 0.03$, which are significantly different from\n$D_f=1.25\\pm 0.01$ and $\\tau_s=1.26\\pm 0.04$, observed for large avalanches.",
        "positive": "Free fermions with dephasing and boundary driving: Bethe Ansatz results: By employing the Lindblad equation, we derive the evolution of the two-point\ncorrelator for a free-fermion chain of length $L$ subject to bulk dephasing and\nboundary losses. We use the Bethe ansatz to diagonalize the Liouvillian\n${\\mathcal L}^{\\scriptscriptstyle(2)}$ governing the dynamics of the\ncorrelator. The majority of its energy levels are complex. Precisely,\n$L(L-1)/2$ complex energies do not depend on dephasing, apart for a trivial\nshift. The remaining complex levels are perturbatively related to the\ndephasing-independent ones for large $L$. The long-time dynamics is governed by\na band of real energies, which contains an extensive number of levels. They\ngive rise to diffusive scaling at intermediate times, when boundaries can be\nneglected. Moreover, they encode the breaking of diffusion at asymptotically\nlong times. Interestingly, for large loss rate two boundary modes appear in the\nspectrum. The real energies correspond to string solutions of the Bethe\nequations, and can be treated effectively for large chains. This allows us to\nderive compact formulas for the dynamics of the fermionic density. We check our\nresults against exact diagonalization, finding perfect agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dimers on two-dimensional lattices: We consider close-packed dimers, or perfect matchings, on two-dimensional\nregular lattices. We review known results and derive new expressions for the\nfree energy, entropy, and the molecular freedom of dimers for a number of\nlattices including the simple-quartic (4^4), honeycomb (6^3), triangular (3^6),\nkagome (3.6.3.6), 3-12 (3.12^2) and its dual [3.12^2], and 4-8 (4.8^2) and its\ndual Union Jack [4.8^2] Archimedean tilings. The occurrence and nature of phase\ntransitions are also analyzed and discussed.",
        "positive": "Segregation of polydisperse granular media in the presence of a\n  temperature gradient: Granular media are examined with the focus on polydisperse mixtures in the\npresence of two localized heat-baths. If the two driving energies are similar,\nthe large particles prefer to stay in the `cold' regions of the system -- as\nfar away from the energy source as possible. If one of the temperatures is\nlarger than the other, the cold region is shifted towards the colder reservoir;\nif the temperature of one source is much higher, a strong, almost constant\ntemperature gradient builds up between the two reservoirs and the large\nparticles are found close to the cold reservoir. Furthermore, clustering is\nobserved between the heat reservoirs, if dissipation is strong enough."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temporal evolution of product shock measures in TASEP with\n  sublattice-parallel update: It is known that when the steady state of a one-dimensional multispecies\nsystem, which evolves via a random-sequential updating mechanism, is written in\nterms of a linear combination of Bernoulli shock measures with random-walk\ndynamics, it can be equivalently expressed as a matrix-product state. In this\ncase the quadratic algebra of the system always has a two-dimensional matrix\nrepresentation. Our investigations show that this equivalence exists at least\nfor the systems with deterministic sublattice-parallel update. In this paper we\nconsider the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process on a finite lattice\nwith open boundaries and sublattice-parallel update as an example.",
        "positive": "Fractional Laplacian in Bounded Domains: The fractional Laplacian operator, $-(-\\triangle)^{\\frac{\\alpha}{2}}$,\nappears in a wide class of physical systems, including L\\'evy flights and\nstochastic interfaces. In this paper, we provide a discretized version of this\noperator which is well suited to deal with boundary conditions on a finite\ninterval. The implementation of boundary conditions is justified by appealing\nto two physical models, namely hopping particles and elastic springs. The\neigenvalues and eigenfunctions in a bounded domain are then obtained\nnumerically for different boundary conditions. Some analytical results\nconcerning the structure of the eigenvalues spectrum are also obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The most probable path of Active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles: Using the path integral representation of the non-equilibrium dynamics, we\ncompute the most probable path between arbitrary starting and final points,\nfollowed by an active particle driven by persistent noise. We focus our\nattention on the case of active particles immersed in harmonic potentials,\nwhere the trajectory can be computed analytically. Once we consider the\nextended Markovian dynamics where the self-propulsive drive evolves according\nto an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, we can compute the trajectory analytically\nwith arbitrary conditions on position and self-propulsion velocity. We test the\nanalytical predictions against numerical simulations and we compare the\nanalytical results with those obtained within approximated equilibrium-like\ndynamics.",
        "positive": "A complete theory of low-energy phase diagrams for two-dimensional\n  turbulence steady states and equilibria: For the 2D Euler equations and related models of geophysical flows, minima of\nenergy--Casimir variational problems are stable steady states of the equations\n(Arnol'd theorems). The same variational problems also describe sets of\nstatistical equilibria of the equations. In this paper, we make use of\nLyapunov--Schmidt reduction in order to study the bifurcation diagrams for\nthese variational problems, in the limit of small energy or, equivalently, of\nsmall departure from quadratic Casimir functionals. We show a generic\noccurrence of phase transitions, either continuous or discontinuous. We derive\nthe type of phase transitions for any domain geometry and any model analogous\nto the 2D Euler equations. The bifurcations depend crucially on a_4, the\nquartic coefficient in the Taylor expansion of the Casimir functional around\nits minima. Note that a_4 can be related to the fourth moment of the vorticity\nin the statistical mechanics framework. A tricritical point (bifurcation from a\ncontinuous to a discontinuous phase transition) often occurs when a_4 changes\nsign. The bifurcations depend also on possible constraints on the variational\nproblems (circulation, energy). These results show that the analytical results\nobtained with quadratic Casimir functionals by several authors are non-generic\n(not robust to a small change in the parameters)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glass phenomenology in the hard matrix model: We introduce a new toy model for the study of glasses: the hard-matrix model\n(HMM). This may be viewed as a single particle moving on $\\mathrm{SO}(N)$,\nwhere there is a potential proportional to the 1-norm of the matrix. The ground\nstates of the model are \"crystals\" where all matrix elements have the same\nmagnitude. These are the Hadamard matrices when $N$ is divisible by four. Just\nas finding the latter has challenged mathematicians, our model fails to find\nthem upon cooling and instead shows all the behaviors that characterize\nphysical glasses. With simulations we have located the first-order\ncrystallization temperature, the Kauzmann temperature where the glass would\nhave the same entropy as the crystal, as well as the standard, measurement-time\ndependent glass transition temperature. Our model also brings to light a new\nkind of elementary excitation special to the glass phase: the \"rubicon\". In our\nmodel these are associated with the finite density of matrix elements near\nzero, the maximum in their contribution to the energy. Rubicons enable the\nsystem to cross between basins without thermal activation, a possibility not\nmuch discussed in the standard landscape picture. We use these modes to explain\nthe slow dynamics in our model and speculate about their role in its quantum\nextension in the context of many-body localization.",
        "positive": "Entropy production for quasi-adiabatic parameter changes dominated by\n  hydrodynamics: A typical strategy of realizing an adiabatic change of a many-particle system\nis to vary parameters very slowly on a time scale $t_\\text{r}$ much larger than\nintrinsic equilibration time scales. In the ideal case of adiabatic state\npreparation, $t_\\text{r} \\to \\infty$, the entropy production vanishes. In\nsystems with conservation laws, the approach to the adiabatic limit is hampered\nby hydrodynamic long-time tails, arising from the algebraically slow relaxation\nof hydrodynamic fluctuations. We argue that the entropy production $\\Delta S$\nof a diffusive system at finite temperature in one or two dimensions is\ngoverned by hydrodynamic modes resulting in $\\Delta S \\sim 1/\\sqrt{t_\\text{r}}$\nin $d=1$ and $\\Delta S \\sim \\ln(t_\\text{r})/t_\\text{r}$ in $d=2$. In higher\ndimensions, entropy production is instead dominated by other high-energy modes\nwith $\\Delta S \\sim 1/t_\\text{r}$. In order to verify the analytic prediction,\nwe simulate the non-equilibrium dynamics of a classical two-component gas with\npoint-like particles in one spatial dimension and examine the total entropy\nproduction as a function of $t_\\text{r}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Visibility of Cold Atomic Gases in Optical Lattices for Finite\n  Temperatures: In nearly all experiments with ultracold atoms time-of-flight pictures are\nthe only data available. In this paper we present an analytical strong-coupling\ncalculation for those time-of-flight pictures of bosons in an optical lattice\nin the Mott phase. This allows us to determine the visibility, which quantifies\nthe contrast of peaks in the time-of-flight pictures, and we suggest how to use\nit as a thermometer.",
        "positive": "Mathematical Analysis of the van der Waals Equation: The parametric cubic van der Waals polynomial $\\,\\, p V^3 - (R T + b p) V^2 +\na V - a b \\,\\,$ is analysed mathematically and some new generic features\n(theoretically, for any substance) are revealed: the temperature range for\napplicability of the van der Waals equation, $T > a/(4Rb)$, and the isolation\nintervals, at any given temperature between $a/(4Rb)$ and the critical\ntemperature $8a/(27Rb)$, of the three volumes on the isobar-isotherm: $\\,\\,\n3b/2 < V_A \\le 3b$, $ \\,\\, 2b < V_B < 4b/(3 - \\sqrt{5})$, and $\\,\\, 3b < V_C <\nb + RT/p$. The unstable states of the van der Waals model have also been\ngenerically localized: they lie in an interval within the isolation interval of\n$V_B$. In the case of unique intersection point of an isotherm with an isobar,\nthe isolation interval of this unique volume is also determined. A discussion\non finding the volumes $V_{A, B, C}$, on the premise of Maxwell's hypothesis,\nis also presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Soft dipolar spin ice physics and the ordered phase of the frustrated\n  Tb2Sn2O7 pyrochlore magnet: From a microscopic model for the pyrochlore antiferromagnet Tb2Sn2O7,\nincluding the crystal field Hamiltonian and interactions between the angular\nmomenta, we compute an effective pseudospin-1/2 Hamiltonian Heff$ that\nincorporates perturbatively in the effective interactions the effect of excited\ncrystal field levels. We obtain the semiclassical ground states of Heff and\nfind a region of parameter space with a two-in/two-out spin ice configuration\non each tetrahedron with ordering wavevector q=0 and with spins canted away\nfrom the local Ising axes as found in Tb2Sn2O7. This ground state can also be\nobtained from a dipolar spin ice model in which the Ising constraint is\nsoftened. Monte Carlo simulations on the latter model reveal a region of the\nphase diagram with spin ice-like freezing and another with a transition into\nTb2Sn2O7-type long range order. We comment on the differences between Tb2Sn2O7\nand the perplexing spin liquid Tb2Ti2O7.",
        "positive": "Topology of delocalization in the nonlinear Anderson model and anomalous\n  diffusion on finite clusters: This study is concerned with destruction of Anderson localization by a\nnonlinearity of the power-law type. We suggest using a nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger\nmodel with random potential on a lattice that quadratic nonlinearity plays a\ndynamically very distinguished role in that it is the only type of power\nnonlinearity permitting an abrupt localization-delocalization transition with\nunlimited spreading already at the delocalization border. For super-quadratic\nnonlinearity the borderline spreading corresponds to diffusion processes on\nfinite clusters. We have proposed an analytical method to predict and explain\nsuch transport processes. Our method uses a topological approximation of the\nnonlinear Anderson model and, if the exponent of the power nonlinearity is\neither integer or half-integer, will yield the wanted value of the transport\nexponent via a triangulation procedure in an Euclidean mapping space. A kinetic\npicture of the transport arising from these investigations uses a fractional\nextension of the diffusion equation to fractional derivatives over the time,\nsignifying non-Markovian dynamics with algebraically decaying time\ncorrelations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotic correlation functions in the $Q$-state Potts model: a\n  universal form for point group $C_{4v}$: Reexamining algebraic curves found in the eight-vertex model, we propose an\nasymptotic form of the correlation functions for off-critical systems\npossessing rotational and mirror symmetries of the square lattice, i.e., the\n$C_{4v}$ symmetry. In comparison with the use of the Ornstein-Zernike form, it\nis efficient to investigate the correlation length with its directional\ndependence (or anisotropy). We investigate the $Q$-state Potts model on the\nsquare lattice. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are performed using the\ninfinite-size algorithm by Evertz and von der Linden. Fitting the MC data with\nthe asymptotic form above the critical temperature, we reproduce the exact\nsolution of the anisotropic correlation length (ACL) of the Ising model ($Q=2$)\nwithin a five-digit accuracy. For $Q=3$ and 4, we obtain numerical evidence\nthat the asymptotic form is applicable to their correlation functions and the\nACLs. Furthermore, we successfully apply it to the bond percolation problem\nwhich corresponds to the $Q\\rightarrow1$ limit. From the calculated ACLs, the\nequilibrium crystal shapes (ECSs) are derived via duality and Wulff's\nconstruction. Regarding $Q$ as a continuous variable, we find that the ECS of\nthe $Q$-state Potts model is essentially the same as those of the Ising models\non the Union Jack and 4-8 lattices, which are represented in terms of a simple\nalgebraic curve of genus~1.",
        "positive": "Beyond the Rosenfeld Functional: Loop Contributions in Fundamental\n  Measure Theory: The Rosenfeld functional provides excellent results for the prediction of the\nfluid phase of hard convex particle systems but fails beyond the freezing\npoint. The reason for this limitation is the neglect of orientational and\ndistance correlations beyond the particle diameter. In the current article we\nresolve this restriction and generalize the fundamental measure theory to an\nexpansion in intersection centers. It is shown that the intersection\nprobability of particle systems is described by an algebra, represented by\nRosenfeld's weight functions. For subdiagrams of intersection networks we\nderive vertex functions that provide the building blocks for the free energy\nfunctional. Their application is illustrated by deriving the Rosenfeld\nfunctional and its leading correction which is exact in the third virial order.\nFurthermore, the methods are used to derive an approximate functional for the\ninfinite sum over Mayer ring diagrams. Comparing this result to the White Bear\nmark II functional, we find general agreement between both results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagram of 4He adsorbed on graphite: We present results of a theoretical study of 4He films adsorbed on graphite,\nbased on the continuous space worm algorithm. In the first layer, we find a\ndomain-wall phase and a (7/16) registered structure between the commensurate\n(1/3) and the incommensurate solid phases. For the second layer, we find only\nsuperfluid and incommensurate solid phases. The commensurate phase found in\nprevious simulation work is only observed if first layer particles are kept\nfixed; it disappears upon explicitly including their zero-point fluctuations.\nNo evidence of any \"supersolid\" phase is found.",
        "positive": "Application of the Trace Formula in Pseudointegrable Systems: We apply periodic-orbit theory to calculate the integrated density of states\n$N(k)$ from the periodic orbits of pseudointegrable polygon and barrier\nbilliards. We show that the results agree so well with the results obtained\nfrom direct diagonalization of the Schr\\\"odinger equation, that about the first\n100 eigenvalues can be obtained directly from the periodic-orbit calculations\nin good accuracy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature and Frequency Dependent Mean Free Paths of Renormalized\n  Phonons in Nonlinear Lattices: In the regime of strong nonlinearity, the validity of conventional\nperturbation based phonon transport theories is questionable. In particular,\nthe renormalized phonons instead of phonons are responsible for heat transport\nin nonlinear lattices. In this work, we directly study the temperature and\nfrequency dependent Mean Free Path (MFP) of renormalized phonons with the newly\ndeveloped numerical tuning fork method. The typical 1D nonlinear lattices such\nas Fermi-Pasta-Ulam $\\beta$ (FPU-$\\beta$) lattice and $\\phi^4$ lattice are\ninvestigated in details. It is found that the MFPs are inversely proportional\nto the frequencies of renormalized phonons rather than the square of phonon\nfrequencies predicted by existing phonon scattering theory.",
        "positive": "Correlation effects in the diluteness pattern in non-integral\n  dimensional systems on $\u03bd=\\frac{4}{5}$ superdiffusion process: The effect of the correlations in the diluteness pattern in the systems with\nnon-integral dimensionality, on $\\nu=\\frac{4}{5}$ superdiffusion process is\nconsidered in this paper. These spatial correlations have proved to be very\neffective in the critical phenomena. To simulate the particles motion in this\nprocess, we employ the loop erased random walk (LERW). The spatial correlations\nbetween imperfections (site-diluteness) also have been modeled by the Ising\nmodel on a square lattice. It models the forbidden regions into which the\nparticles are not allowed to enter. The correlations are controlled by an\nartificial temperature $T$. The trace of the walkers is shown to be\nself-similar, whose fingerprint is the power-law behaviors. The detailed\nanalysis of the random walker's traces reveal that the (Ising-type)\ncorrelations affect their geometrical properties. At the critical artificial\ntemperature $T_c$ we observe that the exponent of end-to-end distance $\\nu$\nbecomes $0.807\\pm 0.002$. The fractal dimension of the walker's trace is the\nother geometrical quantity which scales inversely with the square root of the\ncorrelation length of the Ising model, i.e. $D_f(T)-D_f(T_c)\\sim\n\\zeta^{-\\alpha}$ in which $\\alpha=0.43\\pm 0.05$. The winding angle test also\nreveals that the traces are compatible with the Schramm-Loewner evolution\ntheory, and the diffusivity parameter for $T=T_c$ is $\\kappa=1.89\\pm 0.05$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Corner reflectors and Quantum-Non-Demolition Measurements in\n  gravitational wave antennae: We propose Fabry-Perot cavity with corner reflectors instead of spherical\nmirrors to reduce the contribution of thermoelastic noise in the coating which\nis relatively large for spherical mirrors and which prevents the sensitivity\nbetter than Standard Quantum Limit (SQL) from being achieved in laser\ngravitational wave antenna. We demonstrate that thermo-refractive noise in\ncorner reflector (CR) is substantially smaller than SQL. We show that the\ndistortion of main mode of cavity with CR caused by tilt and displacement of\none reflector is smaller than for cavity with spherical mirrors. We also\nconsider the distortion caused by small nonperpendicularity of corner facets\nand by optical inhomogeneity of fused silica which is proposed as a material\nfor corner reflectors.",
        "positive": "Physics at the FQMT'04 conference: This paper summarizes the recent state of the art of the following topics\npresented at the FQMT'04 conference: Quantum, mesoscopic and (partly) classical\nthermodynamics; Quantum limits to the second law of thermodynamics; Quantum\nmeasurement; Quantum decoherence and dephasing; Mesoscopic and\nnano-electro-mechanical systems; Classical molecular motors, ratchet systems\nand rectified motion; Quantum Brownian motion and Quantum motors; Physics of\nquantum computing; and Relevant experiments from the nanoscale to the\nmacroscale. To all these subjects an introduction is given and the recent\nliterature is broadly overviewed. The paper contains some 450 references in\ntotal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hidden symmetries and nonlinear constitutive relations for\n  tight-coupling heat engines: Typical heat engines exhibit a kind of homotypy: The heat exchanges between a\ncyclic heat engine and its two heat reservoirs abide by the same function type;\nthe forward and backward flows of an autonomous heat engine also conform to the\nsame function type. This homotypy mathematically reflects in the existence of\nhidden symmetries for heat engines. The heat exchanges between the cyclic heat\nengine and its two reservoirs are dual under the joint transformation of parity\ninversion and time-reversal operation. Similarly, the forward and backward\nflows in the autonomous heat engine are also dual under the parity inversion.\nWith the consideration of these hidden symmetries, we derive a generic\nnonlinear constitutive relation up to the quadratic order for tight-coupling\ncyclic heat engines and that for tight-coupling autonomous heat engines,\nrespectively.",
        "positive": "Multicanonical entropy like-solution of statistical temperature weighted\n  histogram analysis method (ST-WHAM): A multicanonical update relation for calculation of the microcanonical\nentropy $S_{micro}(E)$ by means of the estimates of the inverse statistical\ntemperature $\\beta_S$, is proposed. This inverse temperature is obtained from\nthe recently proposed statistical temperature weighted histogram analysis\nmethod (ST-WHAM). The performance of ST-WHAM concerning the computation of\n$S_{micro}(E)$ from canonical measures, in a model with strong free-energy\nbarriers, is also discussed on the basis of comparison with the multicanonical\nsimulation estimates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibration of two non-extensive subsystems in a parton cascade model: We study the process of equilibration between two non-extensive subsystems in\nthe framework of a particular non-extensive Boltzmann equation. We have found\nthat even subsystems with different non-extensive properties achieve a common\nequilibrium distribution.",
        "positive": "Hidden Order in Crackling Noise during Peeling of an Adhesive Tape: We address the long standing problem of recovering dynamical information from\nnoisy acoustic emission signals arising from peeling of an adhesive tape\nsubject to constant traction velocity. Using phase space reconstruction\nprocedure we demonstrate the deterministic chaotic dynamics by establishing the\nexistence of correlation dimension as also a positive Lyapunov exponent in a\nmid range of traction velocities. The results are explained on the basis of the\nmodel that also emphasizes the deterministic origin of acoustic emission by\nclarifying its connection to sticks-slip dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The best answer to the puzzle of Gibbs about $N!$!: A note on the paper\n  by Sasa, Hiura, Nakagawa, and Yoshida: In a recent paper [1], Sasa, Hiura, Nakagawa, and Yoshida showed that a\nnatural extension of the minimum work principle to small systems uniquely\ndetermines the factor $N!$ that arrises in relations connecting statistical\nmechanical functions (such as the partition function) and thermodynamic\nfunctions (such as the free energy). We believe that this provides us with the\nclearest answer to the \"puzzle\" in classical statistical mechanics that goes\nback to Gibbs.\n  Here we attempt at explaining the theory of Sasa, Hiura, Nakagawa, and\nYoshida [1] by using a process discussed by Horowitz and Parrondo [2] in a\ndifferent context. Although the content of the present note should be obvious\nto anybody familiar with both [1] and [2], we believe it is useful to have a\ncommentary that presents the same theory from a slightly different perspective.\n  The present note is written in a self-contained manner. We only assume basic\nknowledge of classical statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. We\nnevertheless invite the reader to refer to the original paper [2] for\nbackground, references, and related discussions, as well as the original\nthoughts.",
        "positive": "Elementary Theory of Line Broadening and Four-wave Mixing in\n  Nonequilibrium Many-Particle Systems: The basic results of optical line broadening and four-wave mixing are deduced\nfrom first principles based on time-dependent many-body purturbation theory.\nThe formalism allows us to write all the results in terms of nonequilibrium\ndistribution functions without the need to assume a quasiequilibrium\ntemperature. The connection of these results to the quantum Boltzmann equation\nis shown, which is also derived from first principles. Last, specific\npredictions for electron-electron scattering are reviewed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fibers on a graph with local load sharing: We study a random fiber bundle model with tips of the fibers placed on a\ngraph having co-ordination number 3. These fibers follow local load sharing\nwith uniformly distributed threshold strengths of the fibers. We have studied\nthe critical behaviour of the model numerically using a finite size scaling\nmethod and the mean field critical behaviour is established. The avalanche size\ndistribution is also found to exhibit a mean field nature in the asymptotic\nlimit.",
        "positive": "On the partial transpose of fermionic Gaussian states: We consider Gaussian states of fermionic systems and study the action of the\npartial transposition on the density matrix. It is shown that, with a suitable\nchoice of basis, these states are transformed into a linear combination of two\nGaussian operators that are uniquely defined in terms of the covariance matrix\nof the original state. In case of a reflection symmetric geometry, this result\ncan be used to efficiently calculate a lower bound for a well-known\nentanglement measure, the logarithmic negativity. Furthermore, exact\nexpressions can be derived for traces involving integer powers of the partial\ntranspose. The method can also be applied to the quantum Ising chain and the\nresults show perfect agreement with the predictions of conformal field theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jamming, freezing and metastability in one-dimensional spin systems: We consider in parallel three one-dimensional spin models with kinetic\nconstraints: the paramagnetic constrained Ising chain, the ferromagnetic Ising\nchain with constrained Glauber dynamics, and the same chain with constrained\nKawasaki dynamics. At zero temperature the dynamics of these models is fully\nirreversible, leading to an exponentially large number of blocked states. Using\na mapping of these spin systems onto sequential adsorption models of,\nrespectively, monomers, dimers, and hollow trimers, we present exact results on\nthe statistics of blocked states. We determine the distribution of their energy\nor magnetization, and in particular the large-deviation function describing its\nexponentially small tails. The spin and energy correlation functions are also\ndetermined. The comparison with an approach based on a priori statistics\nreveals systematic discrepancies with the Edwards hypothesis, concerning in\nparticular the fall-off of correlations.",
        "positive": "Optimal Control of the F${_1}$-ATPase Molecular Motor: F$_{1}$-ATPase is a rotary molecular motor that \\emph{in vivo} is subject to\nstrong nonequilibrium driving forces. There is great interest in understanding\nthe operational principles governing its high efficiency of free-energy\ntransduction. Here we use a near-equilibrium framework to design a non-trivial\ncontrol protocol to minimize dissipation in rotating F$_{1}$ to synthesize ATP.\nWe find that the designed protocol requires much less work than a naive\n(constant-velocity) protocol across a wide range of protocol durations. Our\nanalysis points to a possible mechanism for energetically efficient driving of\nF$_{1}$ \\emph{in vivo} and provides insight into free-energy transduction for a\nbroader class of biomolecular and synthetic machines."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport Processes on Homogeneous Planar Graphs with Scale-Free Loops: We consider the role of network geometry in two types of diffusion processes:\ntransport of constant-density information packets with queuing on nodes, and\nconstant voltage-driven tunneling of electrons. The underlying network is a\nhomogeneous graph with scale-free distribution of loops, which is constrained\nto a planar geometry and fixed node connectivity $k=3$. We determine properties\nof noise, flow and return-times statistics for both processes on this graph and\nrelate the observed differences to the microscopic process details. Our main\nfindings are: (i) Through the local interaction between packets queuing at the\nsame node, long-range correlations build up in traffic streams, which are\npractically absent in the case of electron transport; (ii) Noise fluctuations\nin the number of packets and in the number of tunnelings recorded at each node\nappear to obey the scaling laws in two distinct universality classes; (iii) The\ntopological inhomogeneity of betweenness plays the key role in the occurrence\nof broad distributions of return times and in the dynamic flow. The\nmaximum-flow spanning trees are characteristic for each process type.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in the two-dimensional super-antiferromagnetic Ising\n  model with next-nearest-neighbor interactions: We use Monte Carlo and Transfer Matrix methods in combination with\nextrapolation schemes to determine the phase diagram of the 2D\nsuper-antiferromagnetic (SAF) Ising model with next-nearest-neighbor (nnn)\ninteractions in a magnetic field. The interactions between nearest-neighbor\n(nn) spins are ferromagnetic along x, and antiferromagnetic along y. We find\nthat for sufficiently low temperatures and fields, there exists a region\nlimited by a critical line of 2nd-order transitions separating a SAF phase from\na magnetically induced paramagnetic phase. We did not find any region with\neither first-order transition or with re-entrant behavior. The nnn couplings\nproduce either an expansion or a contraction of the SAF phase. Expansion occurs\nwhen the interactions are antiferromagnetic, and contraction when they are\nferromagnetic. There is a critical ratio R_c = 1/2 between nnn- and\nnn-couplings, beyond which the SAF phase no longer exists."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slow dynamics and aging in a non-randomly frustrated spin system: A simple, non-disordered spin model has been studied in an effort to\nunderstand the origin of the precipitous slowing down of dynamics observed in\nsupercooled liquids approaching the glass transition. A combination of Monte\nCarlo simulations and exact calculations indicates that this model exhibits an\nentropy vanishing transition accompanied by a rapid divergence of time scales.\nMeasurements of various correlation functions show that the system displays a\nhierarchy of time scales associated with different degrees of freedom. Extended\nstructures, arising from the frustration in the system, are identified as the\nsource of the slow dynamics. In the simulations, the system falls out of\nequilibrium at a temperature $T_{g}$ higher than the entropy-vanishing\ntransition temperature and the dynamics below $T_{g}$ exhibits aging as\ndistinct from coarsening. The cooling rate dependence of the energy is also\nconsistent with the usual glass formation scenario.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Spin Glass Phase Induced by Weak Random Exchange Disorder\n  in a Classical Spin Liquid: the Case of the Pyrochlore Heisenberg\n  Antiferromagnet: The glassy behavior observed in the pyrochlore magnet Y2Mo2O7, where the\nmagnetic Mo^{4+} ions interact predominantly via isotropic nearest neighbor\nantiferromagnetic exchange, possibly with additional weak disorder, is a\ndistinct class of spin glass systems where frustration is mostly geometrical. A\nmodel proposed to describe such a spin glass behavior is the Heisenberg model\non a pyrochlore lattice with random but strictly antiferromagnetic exchange\ndisorder. In this paper, we provide compelling numerical evidence from\nextensive Monte Carlo simulations which show that the model exhibits a finite\ntemperature spin glass transition and thus is a realization of a spin glass\ninduced by random weak disorder from spin liquid. From our results, we are led\nto suggest that the spin glass state of Y2Mo2O7 is driven by effective strong\ndisorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-avoiding walks on a bilayer Bethe lattice: We propose and study a model of polymer chains in a bilayer. Each chain is\nconfined in one of the layers and polymer bonds on first neighbor edges in\ndifferent layers interact. We also define and comment results for a model with\ninteractions between monomers on first neighbor sites of different layers. The\nthermodynamic properties of the model are studied in the grand-canonical\nformalism and both layers are considered to be Cayley trees. In the core region\nof the trees, which we may call a bilayer Bethe lattice, we find a very rich\nphase diagram in the parameter space defined by the two activities of monomers\nand the Boltzmann factor associated to the interlayer interaction between bonds\nor monomers. Beside critical and coexistence surfaces, there are tricritical,\nbicritical and critical endpoint lines, as well as higher order multicritical\npoints.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Properties of the Two-Dimensional Coulomb Gas in the\n  Low-Density Limit: The model under consideration is the two-dimensional Coulomb gas of $\\pm$\ncharged hard disks with diameter $\\sigma$. For the case of pointlike charges\n$(\\sigma=0)$, the system is stable against collapse of positive-negative pairs\nof charges in the range of inverse temperatures $0 \\le \\beta < 2$, where its\nfull thermodynamics was obtained exactly [L. {\\v{S}}amaj and I. Trav{\\v{e}}nec,\n{\\it J. Stat. Phys.} {\\bf 101}:713 (2000)]. In the present work, we derive the\nleading correction to the exact thermodynamics of pointlike charges due to the\npresence of the hard core $\\sigma$ (appearing in the dimensionless combination\n$n\\sigma^2$, $n$ is the particle density). This permits us to extend the\ntreatment to the interval $2\\le \\beta <3$ (the Kosterlitz-Thouless phase\ntransition takes place at $\\beta=4$). The results, which are exact in the\nlow-density limit $n\\sigma^2 \\to 0$, reproduce correctly the singularities of\nthermodynamic quantities at the collapse point $\\beta=2$ and agree very well\nwith Monte-Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Elegance of disordered granular packings: a validation of Edwards'\n  hypothesis: We have found a way to analyze Edwards' density of states for static granular\npackings in the special case of round, rigid, frictionless grains assuming\nconstant coordination number. It obtains the most entropic density of single\ngrain states, which predicts several observables including the distribution of\ncontact forces. We compare these results against empirical data obtained in\ndynamic simulations of granular packings. The agreement is quite good, helping\nvalidate the use of statistical mechanics methods in granular physics. The\ndifferences between theory and empirics are mainly related to the coordination\nnumber, and when the empirical data are sorted by that number we obtain several\ninsights that suggest an underlying elegance in the density of states.",
        "positive": "Long-range phase order in two dimensions under shear flow: We theoretically and numerically investigate a two-dimensional O(2) model\nwhere an order parameter is convected by shear flow. We show that a long-range\nphase order emerges in two dimensions as a result of anomalous suppression of\nphase fluctuations by the shear flow. Furthermore, we use the finite-size\nscaling theory to demonstrate that a phase transition to the long-range ordered\nstate from the disordered state is second order. At a transition point far from\nequilibrium, the critical exponents turn out to be close to the mean-field\nvalue for equilibrium systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear-Cost Random Walk: exact statistics of the distance covered for\n  fixed budget: We consider the Nonlinear-Cost Random Walk model in discrete time introduced\nin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 237102 (2023)], where a fee is charged for each jump\nof the walker. The nonlinear cost function is such that slow/short jumps incur\na flat fee, while for fast/long jumps the cost is proportional to the distance\ncovered. In this paper we compute analytically the average and variance of the\ndistance covered in $n$ steps when the total budget $C$ is fixed, as well as\nthe statistics of the number of long/short jumps in a trajectory of length $n$,\nfor the exponential jump distribution. These observables exhibit a very rich\nand non-monotonic scaling behavior as a function of the variable $C/n$, which\nis traced back to the makeup of a typical trajectory in terms of long/short\njumps, and the resulting \"entropy\" thereof. As a byproduct, we compute the\nasymptotic behavior of ratios of Kummer hypergeometric functions when both the\nfirst and last arguments are large. All our analytical results are corroborated\nby numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Noise level estimation of time series using coarse grained entropy: We present a method of noise level estimation that is valid even for high\nnoise levels. The method makes use of the functional dependence of coarse\ngrained correlation entropy $K_2(\\eps)$ on the threshold parameter $\\eps$. We\nshow that the function $K_2(\\eps)$ depends in a characteristic way on the noise\nstandard deviation $\\sigma$. It follows that observing $K_2(\\eps)$ one can\nestimate the noise level $\\sigma$. Although the theory has been developed for\nthe gaussian noise added to the observed variable we have checked numerically\nthat the method is also valid for the uniform noise distribution and for the\ncase of Langevine equation corresponding to the dynamical noise. We have\nverified the validity of our method by applying it to estimate the noise level\nin several chaotic systems and in the Chua electronic circuit contaminated by\nnoise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field-Theory of Active Chiral Hard Disks: A First-Principles Approach to\n  Steric Interactions: A first-principles approach for active chiral hard disks is presented, that\nexplicitly accounts for steric interactions on the two-body level. We derive an\neffective one-body equation for the joint probability distribution of positions\nand angles of the particles. By projecting on the angular modes, we write a\nhierarchy for the lowest hydrodynamic modes, i.e. particle density,\npolarization, and nematic tensor. By undimensionalising the equations, we\nhighlight the assumptions, which - though inherent - are often included\nimplicit in closing the hierarchy for finally arriving at an effective\nfield-theoretical equation for the particle density. By considering different\nregimes of the P{\\'e}clet number, the well-known models in active matter can be\nobtained through our conisderation. Explicitly, we derive the phenomenological\nModel B and by going to higher orders in the closure scheme, we show that this\nfirst-principles approach results in the recently introduced Active Model B +,\na natural extension of the Model B for active processes. Remarkably, here we\nfind that chirality can change the sign of the phenomonological activity\nparameters.",
        "positive": "Breaking universality in random sequential adsorption on a square\n  lattice with long-range correlated defects: Jamming and percolation transitions in the standard random sequential\nadsorption of particles on regular lattices are characterized by a universal\nset of critical exponents. The universality class is preserved even in the\npresence of randomly distributed defective sites that are forbidden for\nparticle deposition. However, using large-scale Monte Carlo simulations by\ndepositing dimers on the square lattice and employing finite-size scaling, we\nprovide evidence that the system does not exhibit such well-known universal\nfeatures when the defects have spatial long-range (power-law) correlations. The\ncritical exponents $\\nu_j$ and $\\nu$ associated with the jamming and\npercolation transitions, respectively, are found to be non-universal for strong\nspatial correlations and approach systematically their own universal values as\nthe correlation strength is decreased. More crucially, we have found a\ndifference in the values of the percolation correlation length exponent $\\nu$\nfor a small but finite density of defects with strong spatial correlations.\nFurthermore, for a fixed defect density, it is found that the percolation\nthreshold of the system, at which the largest cluster of absorbed dimers first\nestablishes the global connectivity, gets reduced with increasing the strength\nof the spatial correlation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Polydispersity induced solid-solid transitions in model colloids: Specialized Monte Carlo simulation techniques and moment free energy method\ncalculations, capable of treating fractionation exactly, are deployed to study\nthe crystalline phase behaviour of an assembly of spherical particles described\nby a top-hat \"parent\" distribution of particle sizes. An increase in either the\noverall density or the degree of polydispersity is shown to generate a\nsuccession of phase transitions in which the system demixes into an ever\ngreater number of face-centred cubic \"daughter\" phases. Each of these phases is\nstrongly fractionated: it contains a much narrower distribution of particle\nsizes than is present in the system overall. Certain of the demixing\ntransitions are found to be nearly continuous, accompanied by fluctuations in\nlocal particle size correlated over many lattice spacings. We explore possible\nfactors controlling the stability of the phases and the character of the\ndemixing transitions.",
        "positive": "Universal short-time dynamics: boundary functional renormalization group\n  for a temperature quench: We present a method to calculate short-time non-equilibrium universal\nexponents within the functional renormalization-group scheme. As an example, we\nconsider the classical critical dynamics of the relaxational model A after a\nquench of the temperature of the system and calculate the initial slip exponent\nwhich characterizes the non-equilibrium universal short-time behaviour of both\nthe order parameter and correlation functions. The value of this exponent is\nfound to be consistent with the result of a perturbative dimensional expansion\nand of Monte Carlo simulations in three spatial dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions of the generalized contact process with two absorbing\n  states: We investigate the generalized contact process with two absorbing states in\none space dimension by means of large-scale Monte-Carlo simulations. Treating\nthe creation rate of active sites between inactive domains as an independent\nparameter leads to a rich phase diagram. In addition to the conventional active\nand inactive phases we find a parameter region where the simple contact process\nis inactive, but an infinitesimal creation rate at the boundary between\ninactive domains is sufficient to take the system into the active phase. Thus,\nthe generalized contact process has two different phase transition lines. The\npoint separating them shares some characteristics with a multicritical point.\nWe also study in detail the critical behaviors of these transitions and their\nuniversality.",
        "positive": "Glassiness and Lack of Equipartition in Random Lasers: the common roots\n  of Ergodicity Breaking in Disordered and Non-linear Systems: We present here for the first time a unifying perspective for the lack of\nequipartition in non-linear ordered systems and the low temperature phase-space\nfragmentation in disordered systems. We demonstrate that they are just two\nmanifestation of the same underlying phenomenon: ergodicity breaking. Inspired\nby recent experiments, suggesting that lasing in optically active disordered\nmedia is related to an ergodicity-breaking transition, we studied numerically a\nstatistical mechanics model for the nonlinearly coupled light modes in a\ndisordered medium under external pumping. Their collective behavior appears to\nbe akin to the one displayed around the ergodicity-breaking transition in\nglasses, as we show measuring the glass order parameter of the\nreplica-symmetry-breaking theory. Most remarkably, we also find that at the\nsame critical point a breakdown of energy equipartition among light modes\noccurs, the typical signature of ergodicity breaking in non-linear systems as\nthe celebrated Fermi-Pasta-Ulam model. The crucial ingredient of our system\nwhich allows us to find equipartition breakdown together with replica symmetry\nbreaking is that the amplitudes of light modes are locally unbounded, i.e.,\nthey are only subject to a global constraint. The physics of random lasers\nappears thus as a unique test-bed to develop under a unifying perspective the\nstudy of ergodicity breaking in statistical disordered systems and non-linear\nordered ones."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical physics for cosmic structures: The recent observations of galaxy and dark matter clumpy distributions have\nprovided new elements to the understating of the problem of cosmological\nstructure formation. The strong clumpiness characterizing galaxy structures\nseems to be present in the overall mass distribution and its relation to the\nhighly isotropic Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation represents a fundamental\nproblem. The extension of structures, the formation of power-law correlations\ncharacterizing the strongly clustered regime and the relation between dark and\nvisible matter are the key problems both from an observational and a\ntheoretical point of view. We discuss recent progresses in the studies of\nstructure formation by using concepts and methods of statistical physics.",
        "positive": "Inhomogenous Poisson Networks and Random Cellular Structures: we study the statistical properties of inhomogenous Poisson networks. we\nperform a detailed analysis of the statistical properties of Poisson networks\nand show that the topological properties of random cellular structures, can be\nderived from these models of random networks. we study both two and three\ndimensional networks with non uniform density and show that with a class of\nsymmetric distribution $P(\\lambda_{1}, \\lambda_{2}, ..., \\lambda_{N})$ Lewis\nand Aboav-Weaire laws are obeyed in these networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quench dynamics and scaling laws in topological nodal loop semimetals: We employ quench dynamics as an effective tool to probe different\nuniversality classes of topological phase transitions. Specifically, we study a\nmodel encompassing both Dirac-like and nodal loop criticalities. Examining the\nKibble-Zurek scaling of topological defect density, we discover that the\nscaling exponent is reduced in the presence of extended nodal loop gap\nclosures. For a quench through a multicritical point, we also unveil a\npath-dependent crossover between two sets of critical exponents. Bloch state\ntomography finally reveals additional differences in the defect trajectories\nfor sudden quenches. While the Dirac transition permits a static trajectory\nunder specific initial conditions, we find that the underlying nodal loop leads\nto complex time-dependent trajectories in general. In the presence of a nodal\nloop, we find, generically, a mismatch between the momentum modes where\ntopological defects are generated and where dynamical quantum phase transitions\noccur. We also find notable exceptions where this correspondence breaks down\ncompletely.",
        "positive": "First order transition for the optimal search time of L\u00e9vy flights\n  with resetting: We study analytically an intermittent search process in one dimension. There\nis an immobile target at the origin and a searcher undergoes a discrete time\njump process starting at $x_0\\geq0$, where successive jumps are drawn\nindependently from an arbitrary jump distribution $f(\\eta)$. In addition, with\na probability $0\\leq r \\leq1$ the position of the searcher is reset to its\ninitial position $x_0$. The efficiency of the search strategy is characterized\nby the mean time to find the target, i.e., the mean first passage time (MFPT)\nto the origin. For arbitrary jump distribution $f(\\eta)$, initial position\n$x_0$ and resetting probability $r$, we compute analytically the MFPT. For the\nheavy-tailed L\\'evy stable jump distribution characterized by the L\\'evy index\n$0<\\mu < 2$, we show that, for any given $x_0$, the MFPT has a global minimum\nin the $(\\mu,r)$ plane at $(\\mu^*(x_0),r^*(x_0))$. We find a remarkable\nfirst-order phase transition as $x_0$ crosses a critical value $x_0^*$ at which\nthe optimal parameters change discontinuously. Our analytical results are in\ngood agreement with numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Levy walks with variable waiting time: a ballistic case: The L\\'evy walk process for a lower interval of an excursion times\ndistribution ($\\alpha<1$) is discussed. The particle rests between the jumps\nand the waiting time is position-dependent. Two cases are considered: a rising\nand diminishing waiting time rate $\\nu(x)$, which require different\napproximations of the master equation. The process comprises two phases of the\nmotion: particles at rest and in flight. The density distributions for them are\nderived, as a solution of corresponding fractional equations. For strongly\nfalling $\\nu(x)$, the resting particles density assumes the $\\alpha$-stable\nform (truncated at fronts), and the process resolves itself to the L\\'evy\nflights. The diffusion is enhanced for this case but no longer ballistic, in\ncontrast to the case for the rising $\\nu(x)$. The analytical results are\ncompared with Monte Carlo trajectory simulations. The results qualitatively\nagree with observed properties of human and animal movements.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium temperature response for stochastic overdamped systems: The thermal response of nonequilibrium systems requires the knowledge of\nconcepts that go beyond entropy production. This is showed for systems obeying\noverdamped Langevin dynamics, either in steady states or going through a\nrelaxation process. Namely, we derive the linear response to perturbations of\nthe noise intensity, mapping it onto the quadratic response to a constant small\nforce. The latter, displaying divergent terms, is explicitly regularized with a\nnovel path-integral method. The nonequilibrium equivalents of heat capacity and\nthermal expansion coefficient are two applications of this approach, as we show\nwith numerical examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Quantum Hall Effect in the Parameter Space: Geometric phases in quantum mechanics play an extraordinary role in\nbroadening our understanding of fundamental significance of geometry in nature.\nOne of the best known examples is the Berry phase (M.V. Berry (1984), Proc.\nRoyal. Soc. London A, 392:45) which naturally emerges in quantum adiabatic\nevolution. So far the applicability and measurements of the Berry phase were\nmostly limited to systems of weakly interacting quasi-particles, where\ninterference experiments are feasible. Here we show how one can go beyond this\nlimitation and observe the Berry curvature and hence the Berry phase in generic\nsystems as a non-adiabatic response of physical observables to the rate of\nchange of an external parameter. These results can be interpreted as a\ndynamical quantum Hall effect in a parameter space. The conventional quantum\nHall effect is a particular example of the general relation if one views the\nelectric field as a rate of change of the vector potential. We illustrate our\nfindings by analyzing the response of interacting spin chains to a rotating\nmagnetic field. We observe the quantization of this response, which term the\nrotational quantum Hall effect.",
        "positive": "Universality in dynamical phase transitions of diffusive systems: Universality, where microscopic details become irrelevant, takes place in\nthermodynamic phase transitions. The universality is captured by a singular\nscaling function of the thermodynamic variables, where the scaling exponents\nare determined by symmetries and dimensionality only. Universality can persist\neven for non-equilibrium phase transitions. It implies that a hydrodynamic\napproach can capture the singular universal scaling function, even far from\nequilibrium. In particular, we show these results for phase transitions in the\nlarge deviation function of the current in diffusive systems with particle-hole\nsymmetry. For such systems, we find the scaling exponents of the universal\nfunction and show they are independent of microscopic details as well as\nboundary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic resetting and first arrival subjected to Gaussian noise and\n  Poisson white noise: We study the dynamics of an overdamped Brownian particle subjected to\nPoissonian stochastic resetting in a nonthermal bath, characterized by a\nPoisson white noise and a Gaussian noise. Applying the renewal theory we find\nan exact analytical expression for the spatial distribution at the steady\nstate. Unlike the single exponential distribution as observed in the case of a\npurely thermal bath, the distribution is double exponential. Relaxation of the\ntransient spatial distributions to the stationary one, for the limiting cases\nof Poissonian rate, is investigated carefully. In addition, we study the\nfirst-arrival properties of the system in the presence of a delta-function sink\nwith strength $\\kappa$, where $\\kappa=0$ and $\\kappa=\\infty$ correspond to\nfully nonreactive and fully reactive sinks, respectively. We explore the effect\nof two competitive mechanisms: the diffusive spread in the presence of two\nnoises and the increase in probability density around the initial position due\nto stochastic resetting. We show that there exists an optimal resetting rate,\nwhich minimizes the mean first-arrival time (MFAT) to the sink for a given\nvalue of the sink strength. We also explore the effect of the strength of the\nPoissonian noise on MFAT, in addition to sink strength. Our formalism\ngeneralizes the diffusion-limited reaction under resetting in a nonequilibrium\nbath and provides an efficient search strategy for a reactant to find a target\nsite, relevant in a range of biophysical processes.",
        "positive": "Tempered relaxation with clustering patterns: This work is motivated by the relaxation data for materials which exhibit a\nchange of the relationship between the fractional power-law exponents when\ndifferent relaxation peaks in their dielectric susceptibility are observed.\nWithin the proposed framework we derive a frequency-domain relaxation function\nfitting the whole range of the two-power-law dielectric spectroscopy data with\nindependent low- and high-frequency fractional exponents \\gamma\\ and -\\alpha,\nrespectively. We show that this effect results from a contribution of different\nprocesses. For high frequencies it is determined by random stops and movement\nof relaxing components, and the low-frequency slope is caused by clustering in\ntheir temporal changes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of Random Number Generation: We analyze the thermodynamic costs of the three main approaches to generating\nrandom numbers via the recently introduced Information Processing Second Law.\nGiven access to a specified source of randomness, a random number generator\n(RNG) produces samples from a desired target probability distribution. This\ndiffers from pseudorandom number generators (PRNG) that use wholly\ndeterministic algorithms and from true random number generators (TRNG) in which\nthe randomness source is a physical system. For each class, we analyze the\nthermodynamics of generators based on algorithms implemented as finite-state\nmachines, as these allow for direct bounds on the required physical resources.\nThis establishes bounds on heat dissipation and work consumption during the\noperation of three main classes of RNG algorithms---including those of von\nNeumann, Knuth and Yao, and Roche and Hoshi---and for PRNG methods. We\nintroduce a general TRNG and determine its thermodynamic costs exactly for\narbitrary target distributions. The results highlight the significant\ndifferences between the three main approaches to random number generation: One\nis work producing, one is work consuming, and the other is potentially\ndissipation neutral. Notably, TRNGs can both generate random numbers and\nconvert thermal energy to stored work. These thermodynamic costs on information\ncreation complement Landauer's limit on the irreducible costs of information\ndestruction.",
        "positive": "Critical fluctuations of a confined binary mixture: Exploiting the mapping between a binary mixture and the Ising model we have\nanalyzed the critical fluctuations by means of the density-matrix\nrenormalization group technique. The calculations have been carried out for a\ntwo-dimensional Ising strip subject to equal strong surface fields. It was\nfound that the critical Casimir force displays significantly different behavior\non opposite sides of the capillary condensation line, especially below the\ncritical temperature. It can be concluded that in a real binary mixtures the\nmost attractive force appears at temperatures near T_C and at reservoir\ncompositions slightly away from the critical composition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviations and ensembles of trajectories in stochastic models: We consider ensembles of trajectories associated with large deviations of\ntime-integrated quantities in stochastic models. Motivated by proposals that\nthese ensembles are relevant for physical processes such as shearing and glassy\nrelaxation, we show how they can be generated directly using auxiliary\nstochastic processes. We illustrate our results using the Glauber-Ising chain,\nfor which biased ensembles of trajectories can exhibit ferromagnetic ordering.\nWe discuss the relation between such biased ensembles and quantum phase\ntransitions.",
        "positive": "On the canonical distributions of a thermal particle in the weakly\n  confining potential of special type: We consider a thermal particle which is diffusing in velocity-space and in a\nweakly confining potential characterized by the inverse hyperbolic sine\nfunction of the particle velocity $v$ and the control parameter $v_c$. The\nstationary state of the Fokker-Planck equation is shown to be a canonical\nprobability distribution. Furthermore an appropriate re-parametrization relates\nthis stationary state with the $\\kappa$-deformed Gaussian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Radial Evolution in a Reaction-Diffusion Model: In this work, we investigate an off-lattice version of the diffusion-reaction\nmodel, $A + A \\leftrightarrow A$. We consider extensive numerical simulation of\nthe radial system obtained from a single seed. Observed fluctuations in such an\nevolving system are characterized by a circular region occupied by particles\ngrowing over an empty one. We show that the fluctuating front separating the\ntwo regions belongs to the circular subclass of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\nuniversality class.",
        "positive": "Logarithmic oscillators: ideal Hamiltonian thermostats: A logarithmic oscillator (in short, log-oscillator) behaves like an ideal\nthermostat because of its infinite heat capacity: when it weakly couples to\nanother system, time averages of the system observables agree with ensemble\naverages from a Gibbs distribution with a temperature T that is given by the\nstrength of the logarithmic potential. The resulting equations of motion are\nHamiltonian and may be implemented not only in a computer but also with\nreal-world experiments, e.g., with cold atoms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fourier's Law for a Granular Fluid: Newton' viscosity law for the momentum flux and Fourier's law for the heat\nflux define Navier-Stokes hydrodynamics for a simple, one component fluid.\nThere is ample evidence that a hydrodynamic description applies as well to a\nmesoscopic granular fluid with the same form for Newton's viscosity law.\nHowever, theory predicts a qualitative difference for Fourier's law with an\nadditional contribution from density gradients even at uniform temperature. The\nreasons for the absence of such terms for normal fluids are indicated, and a\nrelated microscopic explanation for their existence in granular fluids is\npresented.",
        "positive": "Analysis of the ordering transition of hard disks through the Mayer\n  cluster expansion: The available virial coefficients for the 2D hard disks model are transformed\ninto a matrix representation of the thermodynamic potentials, which allows for\nan accurate description of the whole fluid phase, up to the phase transition.\nWe find that the fluid phase terminates at the transition point, supporting the\nKosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young picture of a second order phase\ntransition into a Hexatic phase. The density and pressure at the transition are\ncalculated from the available first ten virial coefficients, and are found to\nbe in excellent agreement with recent Monte-Carlo calculations. Finally, we\ncalculate the equation of state in the critical region."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Path-Integral Isomorphic Hamiltonian for Including Nuclear Quantum\n  Effects in Non-adiabatic Dynamics: We describe a path-integral approach for including nuclear quantum effects in\nnon-adiabatic chemical dynamics simulations. For a general physical system with\nmultiple electronic energy levels, a corresponding isomorphic Hamiltonian is\nintroduced, such that Boltzmann sampling of the isomorphic Hamiltonian with\nclassical nuclear degrees of freedom yields the exact quantum Boltzmann\ndistribution for the original physical system. In the limit of a single\nelectronic energy level, the isomorphic Hamiltonian reduces to the familiar\ncases of either ring polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) or centroid molecular\ndynamics Hamiltonians, depending on implementation. An advantage of the\nisomorphic Hamiltonian is that it can easily be combined with existing mixed\nquantum-classical dynamics methods, such as surface hopping or Ehrenfest\ndynamics, to enable the simulation of electronically non-adiabatic processes\nwith nuclear quantum effects. We present numerical applications of the\nisomorphic Hamiltonian to model two- and three-level systems, with encouraging\nresults that include improvement upon a previously reported combination of RPMD\nwith surface hopping in the deep-tunneling regime.",
        "positive": "Self-avoiding walks adsorbed at a surface and subject to a force: We consider self-avoiding walks terminally attached to an impenetrable\nsurface at which they can adsorb. We call the vertices farthest away from this\nplane the top vertices and we consider applying a force at the plane containing\nthe top vertices. This force can be directed away from the adsorbing surface or\ntowards it. In both cases we prove that the free energy (in the thermodynamic\nlimit) is identical to the free energy when the force is applied at the last\nvertex. This means that the criterion determining the critical force -\ntemperature curve is identical for the two ways in which the force is applied\nand the response to pushing the walk is also the same in the two cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multi-chain models of Conserved Lattice Gas: Conserved lattice gas (CLG) models in one dimension exhibit absorbing state\nphase transition (APT) with simple integer exponents $\\beta=1=\\nu=\\eta$ whereas\nthe same on a ladder belong to directed percolation (DP)universality. We\nconjecture that additional stochasticity in particle transfer is a relevant\nperturbation and its presence on a ladder force the APT to be in DP class. To\nsubstantiate this we introduce a class of restricted conserved lattice gas\nmodels on a multi-chain system ($M\\times L$ square lattice with periodic\nboundary condition in both directions), where particles which have exactly one\nvacant neighbor are active and they move deterministically to the neighboring\nvacant site. We show that for odd number of chains , in the thermodynamic limit\n$L \\to \\infty,$ these models exhibit APT at $\\rho_c= \\frac{1}{2}(1+\\frac1M)$\nwith $\\beta =1.$ On the other hand, for even-chain systems transition occurs at\n$\\rho_c=\\frac12$ with $\\beta=1,2$ for $M=2,4$ respectively, and $\\beta= 3$ for\n$M\\ge6.$ We illustrate this unusual critical behavior analytically using a\ntransfer matrix method.",
        "positive": "Statistics of Partial Minima: Motivated by multi-objective optimization, we study extrema of a set of N\npoints independently distributed inside the d-dimensional hypercube. A point in\nthis set is k-dominated by another point when at least k of its coordinates are\nlarger, and is a k-minimum if it is not k-dominated by any other point. We\nobtain statistical properties of these partial minima using exact probabilistic\nmethods and heuristic scaling techniques. The average number of partial minima,\nA, decays algebraically with the total number of points, A ~ N^{-(d-k)/k}, when\n1<=k<d. Interestingly, there are k-1 distinct scaling laws characterizing the\nlargest coordinates as the distribution P(y_j) of the jth largest coordinate,\ny_j, decays algebraically, P(y_j) ~ (y_j)^{-alpha_j-1}, with\nalpha_j=j(d-k)/(k-j) for 1<=j<=k-1. The average number of partial minima grows\nlogarithmically, A ~ [1/(d-1)!](ln N)^{d-1}, when k=d. The full distribution of\nthe number of minima is obtained in closed form in two-dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Liquid drop in a cone - line tension effects: The shape of a liquid drop placed in a cone is analyzed macroscopically.\nDepending on the values of the cone opening angle, the Young angle and the line\ntension four different interfacial configurations may be realized. The phase\ndiagram in these variables is constructed and discussed; it contains both the\nfirst- and the second-order transition lines. In particular, the tricritical\npoint is found and the value of the critical exponent characterizing the\nbehaviour of the system along the line of the first-order transitions in the\nneighbourhood of this point is determined.",
        "positive": "Average trajectory of returning walks: We compute the average shape of trajectories of some one--dimensional\nstochastic processes x(t) in the (t,x) plane during an excursion, i.e. between\ntwo successive returns to a reference value, finding that it obeys a scaling\nform. For uncorrelated random walks the average shape is semicircular,\nindependently from the single increments distribution, as long as it is\nsymmetric. Such universality extends to biased random walks and Levy flights,\nwith the exception of a particular class of biased Levy flights. Adding a\nlinear damping term destroys scaling and leads asymptotically to flat\nexcursions. The introduction of short and long ranged noise correlations\ninduces non trivial asymmetric shapes, which are studied numerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Barrier crossing driven by Levy noise: Universality and the Role of\n  Noise Intensity: We study the barrier crossing of a particle driven by white symmetric Levy\nnoise of index $\\alpha$ and intensity $DD for three different generic types of\npotentials: (a) a bistable potential; (b) a metastable potential; and (c) a\ntruncated harmonic potential. For the low noise intensity regime we recover the\npreviously proposed algebraic dependence on $D$ of the characteristic escape\ntime, $T_{\\mathrm{esc}}\\simeq C(\\alpha)/D^{\\mu(\\alpha)}$, where $C(\\alpha)$ is\na coefficient. It is shown that the exponent $\\mu(\\alpha)$ remains\napproximately constant, $\\mu\\approx 1$ for $0<\\alpha<2$; at $\\alpha=2$ the\npower-law form of $T_{\\mathrm{esc}}$ changes into the known exponential\ndependence on 1/D; it exhibits a divergence-like behavior as $\\alpha$\napproaches 2. In this regime we observe a monotonous increase of the escape\ntime $T_{\\mathrm{esc}}$ with increasing $\\alpha$ (keeping the noise intensity\n$D$ constant). The probability density of the escape time decays exponentially.\nIn addition, for low noise intensities the escape times correspond to barrier\ncrossing by multiple Levy steps. For high noise intensities, the escape time\ncurves collapse for all values of $\\alpha$. At intermediate noise intensities,\nthe escape time exhibits non-monotonic dependence on the index $\\alpha$, while\nstill retaining the exponential form of the escape time density.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in generalized chiral or Stiefel's models: We study the phase transition in generalized chiral or Stiefel's models using\nMonte Carlo simulations. These models are characterized by a breakdown of\nsymmetry O(N)/O(N-P). We show that the phase transition is clearly first order\nfor N >= 3 when P=N and P=N-1, contrary to predictions based on the\nRenormalization Group in 4-\\epsilon expansion but in agreement with a recent\nnon perturbative Renormalization Group approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Protein folding and models of dynamics on the lattice: We study folding in 16-monomer heteropolymers on the square lattice. For a\ngiven sequence, thermodynamic properties and stability of the native state are\nunique. However, the kinetics of folding depends on the model of dynamics\nadopted for the time evolution of the system. We consider three such models:\nRouse-like dynamics with either single monomer moves or with single and double\nmonomer moves, and the 'slithering snake' dynamics. Usually, the snake dynamics\nhas poorer folding properties compared to the Rouse-like dynamics, but examples\nof opposite behavior can also be found. This behavior relates to which\nconformations act as local energy minima when their stability is checked\nagainst the moves of a particular dynamics. A characteristic temperature\nrelated to the combined probability, $P_L$, to stay in the non-native minima\nduring folding coincides with the temperature of the fastest folding. Studies\nof $P_L$ yield an easy numerical way to determine conditions of the optimal\nfolding.",
        "positive": "Fluctuating dynamics at the quasiperiodic onset of chaos, Tsallis\n  q-statistics and Mori's q-phase thermodynamics: We analyze the fluctuating dynamics at the golden-mean transition to chaos in\nthe critical circle map and find that trajectories within the critical\nattractor consist of infinite sets of power laws mixed together. We elucidate\nthis structure assisted by known renormalization group (RG) results. Next we\nproceed to weigh the new findings against Tsallis' entropic and Mori's\nthermodynamic theoretical schemes and observe behavior to a large extent richer\nthan previously reported. We find that the sensitivity to initial conditions\nhas the form of families of intertwined q-exponentials, of which we determine\nthe q-indexes and the generalized Lyapunov coefficient spectra. Further, the\ndynamics within the critical attractor is found to consist of not one but a\ncollection of Mori's q-phase transitions with a hierarchical structure. The\nvalue of Mori's `thermodynamic field' variable q at each transition corresponds\nto the same special value for the entropic index q. We discuss the relationship\nbetween the two formalisms and indicate the usefulness of the methods involved\nto determine the universal trajectory scaling function and/or the ocurrence and\ncharacterization of dynamical phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface diffusion coefficient near first-order phase transitions at low\n  temperatures: We analyze the collective surface diffusion coefficient, $D_c$, near a\nfirst-order phase transition at which two phases coexist and the surface\ncoverage, $\\te$, drops from one single-phase value, $\\te_+$, to the other one,\n$\\te_-$. Contrary to other studies, we consider the temperatures that are\nsufficiently sub-critical. Using the local equilibrium approximation, we\nobtain, both numerically and analytically, the dependence of $D_c$ on the\ncoverage and system size, $N$, near such a transition. In the two-phase regime,\nwhen $\\te$ ranges between $\\te_-$ and $\\te_+$, the diffusion coefficient\nbehaves as a sum of two hyperbolas, $D_c \\approx A/N|\\te - \\te_-| + B/N|\\te -\n\\te_+|$. The steep hyperbolic increase in $D_c$ near $\\te_\\pm$ rapidly slows\ndown when the system gets from the two-phase regime to either of the\nsingle-phase regimes (when $\\te$ gets below $\\te_-$ or above $\\te_+$), where it\napproaches a finite value. The crossover behavior of $D_c$ between the\ntwo-phase and single-phase regimes is described by a rather complex formula\ninvolving the Lambert function. We consider a lattice-gas model on a triangular\nlattice to illustrate these general results, applying them to four specific\nexamples of transitions exhibited by the model.",
        "positive": "Parallel dynamics of continuous Hopfield model revisited: We have applied the generating functional analysis (GFA) to the continuous\nHopfield model. We have also confirmed that the GFA predictions in some typical\ncases exhibit good consistency with computer simulation results. When a\nretarded self-interaction term is omitted, the GFA result becomes identical to\nthat obtained using the statistical neurodynamics as well as the case of the\nsequential binary Hopfield model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From nonlinear scaling fields to critical amplitudes: We propose to combine the nonlinear scaling fields associated with the\nhigh-temperature (HT) fixed point, with those associated with the unstable\nfixed point, in order to calculate the susceptibility and other thermodynamic\nquantities. The general strategy relies on simple linear relations between the\nHT scaling fields and the thermodynamic quantities, and the estimation of RG\ninvariants formed out of the two sets of scaling fields. This estimation\nrequires convergent expansions in overlapping domains. If, in addition, the\ninitial values of the scaling fields associated with the unstable fixed point\ncan be calculated from the temperature and the parameters appearing in the\nmicroscopic Hamiltonian, one can estimate the critical amplitudes. This\nstrategy has been developed using Dyson's hierarchical model where all the\nsteps can be approximately implemented with good accuracy. We show numerically\nthat for this model (and a simplified version of it), the required overlap\napparently occurs, allowing an accurate determination of the critical\namplitudes.",
        "positive": "Ising nematic phase in ultra-thin magnetic films: a Monte Carlo study: We study the critical properties of a two--dimensional Ising model with\ncompeting ferromagnetic exchange and dipolar interactions, which models an\nultra-thin magnetic film with high out--of--plane anisotropy in the monolayer\nlimit. We present numerical evidence showing that two different scenarios\nappear in the model for different values of the exchange to dipolar intensities\nratio, namely, a single first order stripe - tetragonal phase transition or two\nphase transitions at different temperatures with an intermediate Ising nematic\nphase between the stripe and the tetragonal ones. Our results are very similar\nto those predicted by Abanov et al [Phys. Rev. B 51, 1023 (1995)], but suggest\na much more complex critical behavior than the predicted by those authors for\nboth the stripe-nematic and the nematic-tetragonal phase transitions.\n  We also show that the presence of diverging free energy barriers at the\nstripe-nematic transition makes possible to obtain by slow cooling a metastable\nsupercooled nematic state down to temperatures well below the transition one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal Searcher Distribution for Parallel Random Target Searches: We consider a problem of finding a target located in a finite $d$-dimensional\ndomain, using $N$ independent random walkers, when partial information on the\ntarget location is given as a probability distribution. When $N$ is large, the\nfirst-passage time sensitively depends on the initial searcher distribution,\nwhich invokes the question of what is the optimal searcher distribution that\nminimizes the first-passage time. Here, we analytically derive the equation for\nthe optimal distribution and explore its limiting expressions. If the target\nvolume can be ignored, the optimal distribution is proportional to the target\ndistribution to the power of one-third. If we consider a target of a finite\nvolume and the probability of initial overlapping of searchers with the target\ncannot be ignored in the large $N$ limit, the optimal distribution has a weak\ndependence on the target distribution, given as a logarithm of the target\ndistribution. Using Langevin dynamics simulations, we numerically demonstrate\nour predictions in one- and two-dimensions.",
        "positive": "Random Walks in Logarithmic and Power-Law Potentials, Nonuniversal\n  Persistence, and Vortex Dynamics in the Two-Dimensional XY Model: The Langevin equation for a particle (`random walker') moving in\nd-dimensional space under an attractive central force, and driven by a Gaussian\nwhite noise, is considered for the case of a power-law force, F(r) = -\nAr^{-sigma}. The `persistence probability', P_0(t), that the particle has not\nvisited the origin up to time t, is calculated. For sigma > 1, the force is\nasymptotically irrelevant (with respect to the noise), and the asymptotics of\nP_0(t) are those of a free random walker. For sigma < 1, the noise is\n(dangerously) irrelevant and the asymptotics of P_0(t) can be extracted from a\nweak noise limit within a path-integral formalism. For the case sigma=1,\ncorresponding to a logarithmic potential, the noise is exactly marginal. In\nthis case, P_0(t) decays as a power-law, P_0(t) \\sim t^{-theta}, with an\nexponent theta that depends continuously on the ratio of the strength of the\npotential to the strength of the noise. This case, with d=2, is relevant to the\nannihilation dynamics of a vortex-antivortex pair in the two-dimensional XY\nmodel. Although the noise is multiplicative in the latter case, the relevant\nLangevin equation can be transformed to the standard form discussed in the\nfirst part of the paper. The mean annihilation time for a pair initially\nseparated by r is given by t(r) \\sim r^2 ln(r/a) where a is a microscopic\ncut-off (the vortex core size). Implications for the nonequilibrium critical\ndynamics of the system are discussed and compared to numerical simulation\nresults."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin-stiffness and topological defects in two-dimensional frustrated\n  spin systems: Using a {\\it collective} Monte Carlo algorithm we study the low-temperature\nand long-distance properties of two systems of two-dimensional classical tops.\nBoth systems have the same spin-wave dynamics (low-temperature behavior) as a\nlarge class of Heisenberg frustrated spin systems. They are constructed so that\nto differ only by their topological properties. The spin-stiffnesses for the\ntwo systems of tops are calculated for different temperatures and different\nsizes of the sample. This allows to investigate the role of topological defects\nin frustrated spin systems. Comparisons with Renormalization Group results\nbased on a Non Linear Sigma model approach and with the predictions of some\nsimple phenomenological model taking into account the topological excitations\nare done.",
        "positive": "Avalanches and Self-Organized Criticality in Superconductors: We review the use of superconductors as a playground for the experimental\nstudy of front roughening and avalanches. Using the magneto-optical technique,\nthe spatial distribution of the vortex density in the sample is monitored as a\nfunction of time. The roughness and growth exponents corresponding to the\nvortex landscape are determined and compared to the exponents that characterize\nthe avalanches in the framework of Self-Organized Criticality. For those\nsituations where a thermo-magnetic instability arises, an analytical non-linear\nand non-local model is discussed, which is found to be consistent to great\ndetail with the experimental results. On anisotropic substrates, the anisotropy\nregularizes the avalanches."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic resonance and heat fluctuations in a driven double-well\n  system: We study a periodically driven (symmetric as well as asymmetric)double-well\npotential system at finite temperature. We show that mean heat loss by the\nsystem to the environment(bath) per period of the applied field is a good\nquantifier of stochastic resonance. It is found that the heat fluctuations over\na single period are always larger than the work fluctuations. The observed\ndistributions of work and heat exhibit pronounced asymmetry near resonance. The\nheat losses over a large number of periods satisfies the conventional\nsteady-state fluctuation theorem, though different relation exists for this\nquantity.",
        "positive": "Universal minimal cost of coherent biochemical oscillations: Biochemical clocks are essential for virtually all living systems. A\nbiochemical clock that is isolated from an external periodic signal and\nsubjected to fluctuations can oscillate coherently only for a finite number of\noscillations. Furthermore, such an autonomous clock can oscillate only if it\nconsumes free energy. What is the minimum amount of free energy consumption\nrequired for a certain number of coherent oscillations? We conjecture a\nuniversal bound that answers this question. A system that oscillates coherently\nfor $\\mathcal{N}$ oscillations has a minimal free energy cost per oscillation\nof $4\\pi^2\\mathcal{N} k_B T$. Our bound is valid for general finite Markov\nprocesses, is conjectured based on extensive numerical evidence, is illustrated\nwith numerical simulations of a known model for a biochemical oscillator, and\napplies to existing experimental data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Broadening of Zero Modes: A General Framework and\n  Identification: We consider the smallest eigenvalues of perturbed Hermitian operators with\nzero modes, either topological or system specific. To leading order for small\ngeneric perturbation we show that the corresponding eigenvalues broaden to a\nGaussian random matrix ensemble of size $\\nu\\times\\nu$, where $\\nu$ is the\nnumber of zero modes. This observation unifies and extends a number of results\nwithin chiral random matrix theory and effective field theory and clarifies\nunder which conditions they apply. The scaling of the former zero modes with\nthe volume differs from the eigenvalues in the bulk, which we propose as an\nindicator to identify them in experiments. These results hold for all ten\nsymmetric spaces in the Altland-Zirnbauer classification and build on two\nfacts. Firstly, the broadened zero modes decouple from the bulk eigenvalues and\nsecondly, the mixing from eigenstates of the perturbation form a Central Limit\nTheorem argument for matrices.",
        "positive": "The balance of growth and risk in population dynamics: Essential to each other, growth and exploration are jointly observed in\npopulations, be it alive such as animals and cells or inanimate such as goods\nand money. But their ability to move, crucial to cope with uncertainty and\noptimize returns, is tempered by the space/time properties of the environment.\nWe investigate how the environment shape optimal growth and population\ndistribution in such conditions. We uncover a trade-off between risks and\nreturns by revisiting a common growth model over general graphs. Our results\nreveal a rich and nuanced picture: fruitful strategies commonly lead to risky\npositions, but this tension may nonetheless be alleviated by the geometry of\nthe explored space. The applicability of our conclusions is subsequently\nillustrated over an empirical study of financial data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte-Carlo rejection as a tool for measuring the energy landscape\n  scaling of simple fluids: A simple modification of the Monte-Carlo algortihm is proposed to explore the\ntopography and the scaling of the energy landscape. We apply this idea to a\nsimple hard-core fluid. The results for different packing fractions show a\npower law scaling of the landscape boundary, with a characteristic scale that\nseparates the values of the scaling exponents. Finally, it is shown how the\ntopology determines the freezing point of the system due to the increasing\nimportance and complexity of the boundary.",
        "positive": "Energy fluctuations in vibrated and driven granular gases: We investigate the behavior of energy fluctuations in several models of\ngranular gases maintained in a non-equilibrium steady state. In the case of a\ngas heated from a boundary, the inhomogeneities of the system play a\npredominant role. Interpreting the total kinetic energy as a sum of independent\nbut not identically distributed random variables, it is possible to compute the\nprobability density function (pdf) of the total energy. Neglecting correlations\nand using the analytical expression for the inhomogeneous temperature profile\nobtained from the granular hydrodynamic equations, we recover results which\nhave been previously observed numerically and which had been attributed to the\npresence of correlations. In order to separate the effects of spatial\ninhomogeneities from those ascribable to velocity correlations, we have also\nconsidered two models of homogeneously thermostated gases: in this framework it\nis possible to reveal the presence of non-trivial effects due to velocity\ncorrelations between particles. Such correlations stem from the inelasticity of\ncollisions. Moreover, the observation that the pdf of the total energy tends to\na Gaussian in the large system limit, suggests that they are also due to the\nfinite size of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Roundoff-induced attractors and reversibility in conservative\n  two-dimensional maps: We numerically study two conservative two-dimensional maps, namely the baker\nmap (whose Lyapunov exponent is known to be positive), and a typical one\n(exhibiting a vanishing Lyapunov exponent) chosen from the generalized shift\nfamily of maps introduced by C. Moore [Phys Rev Lett {\\bf 64}, 2354 (1990)] in\nthe context of undecidability. We calculated the time evolution of the entropy\n$S_q \\equiv \\frac{1-\\sum_{i=1}^Wp_i^q}{q-1}$ ($S_1=S_{BG}\\equiv\n-\\sum_{i=1}^Wp_i \\ln p_i$), and exhibited the dramatic effect introduced by\nnumerical precision. Indeed, in spite of being area-preserving maps, they\npresent, {\\it well after} the initially concentrated ensemble has spread\nvirtually all over the phase space, unexpected {\\it pseudo-attractors}\n(fixed-point like for the baker map, and more complex structures for the Moore\nmap). These pseudo-attractors, and the apparent time (partial) reversibility\nthey provoke, gradually disappear for increasingly large precision. In the case\nof the Moore map, they are related to zero Lebesgue-measure effects associated\nwith the frontiers existing in the definition of the map. In addition to the\nabove, and consistently with the results by V. Latora and M. Baranger [Phys.\nRev. Lett. {\\bf 82}, 520 (1999)], we find that the rate of the\nfar-from-equilibrium entropy production of baker map, numerically coincides\nwith the standard Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy of this strongly chaotic system.",
        "positive": "The Exotic Statistics of Leapfrogging Smoke Rings: The leapfrogging motion of smoke rings is a three dimensional version of the\nmotion that in two dimensions leads to exotic exchange statistics. The\nstatistical phase factor can be computed using the hydrodynamical Euler\nequation, which is a universal law for describing the properties of a large\nclass of fluids. This suggests that three dimensional exotic exchange\nstatistics is a common property of closed vortex loops in a variety of quantum\nliquids and gases, from helium superfluids to Bose-Einstein condensed alkali\ngases, metallic hydrogen in its liquid phases and maybe even nuclear matter in\nextreme conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A non self-referential expression of Tsallis' probability distribution\n  function: The canonical probability distribution function (pdf) obtained by optimizing\nthe Tsallis entropy under the linear mean energy constraint (first formalism)\nor the escort mean energy constraint (third formalism) suffer\nself-referentiality. In a recent paper [Phys. Lett. A {\\bf335} (2005) 351-362]\nthe authors have shown that the pdfs obtained in the two formalisms are\nequivalent to the pdf in non self-referential form. Based on this result we\nderive an alternative expression, which is non self-referential, for the\nTsallis distributions in both first and third formalisms.",
        "positive": "Non-Riemannian acoustic spacetime and Magnus field in rotating\n  Bose-Einstein condensates: The teleparallel $T_{4}$ version of Riemannian geometry of acoustic spacetime\nin rotating $2-D$ Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) is investigated. An\nexperiment is proposed on the basis of phonon ray trajectory around a vortex.\nThe deviation geodesic equation may be expressed in terms of Cartan acoustic\ntorsion. The Riemann curvature is computed in terms of rotation of the fluid.\nThe geodesic deviation equation shows that the acoustic torsion acts locally as\na diverging lens and the stream lines on opposite sides of the BEC vortex flow\napart from each other. We also show that the Magnus field is cancelled when the\nacoustic torsion coincides with the rotation of the condensate. This effect is\nequivalent to the Meissner effect in superconductors. It is interesting to note\nhow the teleparallel acoustic spacetime constrains the physical parameters in\nthe BEC. Here we use the term acoustic torsion since in teleparallelism it is\nderived from the acoustic metric."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Symmetry, shape, and order: Packing problems have been of great interest in many diverse contexts for\nmany centuries. The optimal packing of identical objects has been often invoked\nto understand the nature of low temperature phases of matter. In celebrated\nwork, Kepler conjectured that the densest packing of spheres is realized by\nstacking variants of the face-centered cubic lattice and has a packing fraction\nof $\\pi/(3\\sqrt{2}) \\sim 0.7405$. Much more recently, an unusually high density\npacking of approximately 0.770732 was achieved for congruent ellipsoids. Such\nstudies are relevant for understanding the structure of crystals, glasses, the\nstorage and jamming of granular materials, ceramics, and the assembly of viral\ncapsid structures. Here we carry out analytical studies of the stacking of\nclose-packed planar layers of systems made up of truncated cones possessing\nuniaxial symmetry. We present examples of high density packing whose order is\ncharacterized by a {\\em broken symmetry} arising from the shape of the\nconstituent objects. We find a biaxial arrangement of solid cones with a\npacking fraction of $\\pi/4$. For truncated cones, there are two distinct\nregimes, characterized by different packing arrangements, depending on the\nratio $c$ of the base radii of the truncated cones with a transition at\n$c^*=\\sqrt{2}-1$.",
        "positive": "Disconnected entanglement entropy as a marker of edge modes in a\n  periodically driven Kitaev chain: We study the disconnected entanglement entropy (DEE) of a Kitaev chain in\nwhich the chemical potential is periodically modulated. In this driving\nprotocol, the DEE of a sufficiently large system with open boundary conditions\nturns out to be integer-quantized, with the integer being equal to the number\nof Majorana edge modes generated by the periodic driving. Thus, the DEE can be\nconsidered as a marker for detecting Majorana edge modes in a periodically\ndriven Kitaev chain. Using the DEE, we further show that these Majorana edge\nmodes are robust against weak spatial disorder and temporal noise.\nInterestingly, we find that the DEE may, in some cases, also detect the\nanomalous edge modes which can be generated by periodic driving of the\nnearest-neighbor hopping, even though such modes have no topological\nsignificance. We illustrate that these anomalous edge modes are not robust\nagainst weak spatial disorder and they disappear in the presence of weak\nspatial disorder, as manifested in the DEE."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Recurrence Plot and Recurrence Quantification Analysis Techniques for\n  Detecting a Critical Regime. Examples from Financial Market Indices: Recurrence Plot (RP) and Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) are signal\nnumerical analysis methodologies able to work with non linear dynamical systems\nand non stationarity. Moreover they well evidence changes in the states of a\ndynamical system. We recall their features and give practical recipes. It is\nshown that RP and RQA detect the critical regime in financial indices (in\nanalogy with phase transition) before a bubble bursts, whence allowing to\nestimate the bubble initial time. The analysis is made on DAX and NASDAQ daily\nclosing price between Jan. 1998 and Nov. 2003. DAX is studied in order to\nset-up overall considerations, and as a support for deducing technical rules.\nThe NASDAQ bubble initial time has been estimated to be on Oct. 19, 1999.",
        "positive": "Gallavotti-Cohen theorem, Chaotic Hypothesis and the zero-noise limit: The Fluctuation Relation for a stationary state, kept at constant energy by a\ndeterministic thermostat - the Gallavotti-Cohen Theorem -- relies on the\nergodic properties of the system considered. We show that when perturbed by an\nenergy-conserving random noise, the relation follows trivially for any system\nat finite noise amplitude. The time needed to achieve stationarity may stay\nfinite as the noise tends to zero, or it may diverge. In the former case the\nGallavotti-Cohen result is recovered, while in the latter case, the crossover\ntime may be computed from the action of `instanton' orbits that bridge\nattractors and repellors. We suggest that the `Chaotic Hypothesis' of\nGallavotti can thus be reformulated as a matter of stochastic stability of the\nmeasure in trajectory space. In this form this hypothesis may be directly\ntested."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Dynamics of Non-Crystalline Silica: Insight from Molecular Dynamics\n  Computer Simulations: Using a large scale molecular dynamics computer simulation we investigate the\ndynamics of a supercooled melt of SiO_2. We find that with increasing\ntemperature the temperature dependence of the diffusion constants crosses over\nfrom an Arrhenius-law, with activation energies close to the experimental\nvalues, to a power-law dependence. We show that this crossover is related to\nthe fact that at low temperatures the dynamics of the ions is dominated by\nhopping processes, whereas at high temperatures it shows the continuous\nflow-like motion proposed by the ideal version of mode-coupling theory (MCT).\nFinally we show that at low temperatures the dynamics of the system in the\nbeta-relaxation regime obeys the factorization property, in agreement with MCT.",
        "positive": "On Spatial Asymmetric Games: The stability of some spatial asymmeric games is discussed. Both linear and\nnonlinear asymptotic stability of asymmetric hawk-dove and prisoner's dilemma\nare studied. Telegraph reaction diffusion equations for the asymmetric spatial\ngames are presented. Asymmetric game of parental investment is studied in the\npresence of both ordinary and cross diffusions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information-theoretical bound of the irreversibility in thermal\n  relaxation processes: We establish that entropy production, which is crucial to the\ncharacterization of thermodynamic irreversibility, is obtained through a\nvariational principle involving the Kulback-Leibler divergence. A simple\napplication of this representation leads to an information-theoretical bound on\nentropy production in thermal relaxation processes; this is a stronger\ninequality than the conventional second law of thermodynamics. This bound is\nalso interpreted as a constraint on the possible path of a thermal relaxation\nprocess in terms of information geometry. Our results reveal a hidden universal\nlaw inherent to general thermal relaxation processes.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of hard core bosons with anisotropic interactions: The phase diagram of lattice hard core bosons with nearest-neighbor\ninteractions allowed to vary independently, from repulsive to attractive, along\ndifferent crystallographic directions, is studied by Quantum Monte Carlo\nsimulations. We observe a superfluid phase, as well as two crystalline phases\nat half filling, either checkerboard or striped. Just like in the case of\nisotropic interactions, no supersolid phase is observed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "q-Exponential Distribution in Urban Agglomeration: Usually, the study of city population distribution has been reduced to power\nlaws. In such analysis, a common practice is to consider cities with more than\none hundred thousand inhabitants. Here, we argue that the distribution of\ncities for all ranges of populations can be well described by using a\n$q$-exponential distribution. This function, which reproduces the\nZipf-Mandelbrot law, is related to the generalized nonextensive statistical\nmechanics and satisfies an anomalous decay equation.",
        "positive": "On the mean field treatment of attractive interactions in nonuniform\n  simple fluids: We study thermodynamic and structural properties of a Lennard-Jones liquid at\na state very close to the triple point as the radius of a hard sphere solute is\nvaried. Oscillatory profiles arise for small, molecular sized radii while for\nlarge radii smooth interfaces with a ``drying layer'' of low vapor density near\nthe solute are seen. We develop a quantitative theory for this process using a\nnew mean field treatment where the effects of attractive interactions are\ndescribed in terms of a self-consistently chosen effective single particle\nfield. We modify the usual simple molecular field approximation for the\neffective field in a very natural way so that exact results (consistent with a\ngiven accurate equation of state for the uniform fluid) arise in the\n``hydrostatic limit'' of very slowly varying interfaces. Very good agreement\nwith the results of computer simulations for a wide range of solute radii are\nfound."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium Contact Probabilities in Dense Plasmas: Nuclear reaction rates in plasmas depend on the overlap (contact) probability\nof the reacting ions. Path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) calculations are used\nhere to determine these contact probabilities, g(0), for the one component\nplasma (OCP) with emphasis on many-body quantum effects which can lead to order\nof magnitude changes. An intuitive explanation for these effects is presented.\nThe small r behavior of g(r) for quantum systems and the relation to free\nenergies is then derived and compared to the path integral results. Going\nbeyond the uniform background approximation, electron screening effects and the\nlimits of the ``constant energy shift'' approximation are discussed.\nThermodynamic properties for the quantum OCP are analyzed in a final section.",
        "positive": "Quantum critical behavior in disordered itinerant ferromagnets:\n  Logarithmic corrections to scaling: The quantum critical behavior of disordered itinerant ferromagnets is\ndetermined exactly by solving a recently developed effective field theory. It\nis shown that there are logarithmic corrections to a previous calculation of\nthe critical behavior, and that the exact critical behavior coincides with that\nfound earlier for a phase transition of undetermined nature in disordered\ninteracting electron systems. This confirms a previous suggestion that the\nunspecified transition should be identified with the ferromagnetic transition.\nThe behavior of the conductivity, the tunneling density of states, and the\nphase and quasiparticle relaxation rates across the ferromagnetic transition is\nalso calculated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Granular flow down an inclined plane: Bagnold scaling and rheology: We have performed a systematic, large-scale simulation study of granular\nmedia in two- and three-dimensions, investigating the rheology of cohesionless\ngranular particles in inclined plane geometries, i.e., chute flows. We find\nthat over a wide range of parameter space of interaction coefficients and\ninclination angles, a steady state flow regime exists in which the energy input\nfrom gravity balances that dissipated from friction and inelastic collisions.\nIn this regime, the bulk packing fraction (away from the top free surface and\nthe bottom plate boundary) remains constant as a function of depth z, of the\npile. The velocity profile in the direction of flow v(z) scales with height of\nthe pile H, according to v(z) proportional to H^a, with a=1.52. However, the\nbehavior of the normal stresses indicates that existing simple theories of\ngranular flow do not capture all of the features evidenced in the simulations.",
        "positive": "The Boundary Conformal Field Theories of the 2D Ising critical points: We present a new method to identify the Boundary Conformal Field Theories\n(BCFTs) describing the critical points of the Ising model on the strip. It\nconsists in measuring the low-lying excitation energies spectra of its quantum\nspin chain for different boundary conditions and then to compare them with\nthose of the different boundary conformal field theories of the $(A_2,A_3)$\nminimal model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complete Solution of the Kinetics in a Far-from-equilibrium Ising Chain: The one-dimensional Ising model is easily generalized to a \\textit{genuinely\nnonequilibrium} system by coupling alternating spins to two thermal baths at\ndifferent temperatures. Here, we investigate the full time dependence of this\nsystem. In particular, we obtain the evolution of the magnetisation, starting\nwith arbitrary initial conditions. For slightly less general initial\nconditions, we compute the time dependence of all correlation functions, and\nso, the probability distribution. Novel properties, such as oscillatory decays\ninto the steady state, are presented. Finally, we comment on the relationship\nto a reaction-diffusion model with pair annihilation and creation.",
        "positive": "Highly Dispersed Networks: We introduce a new class of networks that grow by enhanced redirection. Nodes\nare introduced sequentially, and each either attaches to a randomly chosen\ntarget node with probability 1-r or to the ancestor of the target with\nprobability r, where r an increasing function of the degree of the ancestor.\nThis mechanism leads to highly-dispersed networks with unusual properties: (i)\nexistence of multiple macrohubs---nodes whose degree is a finite fraction of\nthe total number of network nodes N, (ii) lack of self averaging, and (iii)\nanomalous scaling, in which N_k, the number of nodes of degree k scales as N_k\nN^{nu-1}/k^{nu}, with 1<nu<2."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Resolving the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in the 2D XY\n  model with tensor-network based level spectroscopy: Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition of the classical XY model is\nre-investigated, combining the Tensor Network Renormalization (TNR) and the\nLevel Spectroscopy method based on the finite-size scaling of the Conformal\nField Theory. By systematically analyzing the spectrum of the transfer matrix\nof the systems of various moderate sizes which can be accurately handled with a\nfinite bond dimension, we determine the critical point removing the logarithmic\ncorrections. This improves the accuracy by an order of magnitude over previous\nstudies including those utilizing TNR. Our analysis also gives a visualization\nof the celebrated Kosterlitz Renormalization Group flow based on the numerical\ndata.",
        "positive": "Classical lattice spin models involving singular interactions isotropic\n  in spin space: We address here a few classical lattice--spin models, involving $n-$component\nunit vectors ($n=2,3$), associated with a $D-$dimensional lattice\n$\\mathbb{Z}^D,\\,D=1,2$, and interacting via a pair potential restricted to\nnearest neighbours and being isotropic in spin space, i.e. defined by a\nfunction of the scalar product between the interacting spins. When the\npotential involves a continuous function of the scalar product, the\nMermin--Wagner theorem and its generalizations exclude orientational order at\nall finite temperatures in the thermodynamic limit, and exclude phase\ntransitions at finite temperatures when $D=1$; on the other hand, we have\nconsidered here some comparatively simple functions of the scalar product which\nare bounded from below, diverge to $+\\infty$ for certain mutual orientations,\nand are continuous almost everywhere with integrable singularities. Exact\nsolutions are presented for $D=1$, showing absence of phase transitions and\nabsence of orientational order at all finite temperatures in the thermodynamic\nlimit; for $D=2$, and in the absence of more stringent mathematical results,\nextensive simulations carried out on some of them point to the absence of\norientational order at all finite temperatures, and suggest the existence of a\nBerezinski\\v\\i-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion through a network of compartments separated by\n  partially-transmitting boundaries: We study the random walk of a particle in a compartmentalized environment, as\nrealized in biological samples or solid state compounds. Each compartment is\ncharacterized by its length $L$ and the boundaries transmittance $T$. We\nidentify two relevant spatio-temporal scales that provide alternative\ndescriptions of the dynamics: i) the microscale, in which the particle position\nis monitored at constant time intervals; and ii) the mesoscale, in which it is\nmonitored only when the particle crosses a boundary between compartments. Both\ndescriptions provide --by construction-- the same long time behavior. The\nanalytical description obtained at the proposed mesoscale allows for a complete\ncharacterization of the complex movement at the microscale, thus representing a\nfruitful approach for this kind of systems. We show that the presence of\ndisorder in the transmittances is a necessary condition to induce anomalous\ndiffusion, whereas the spatial heterogeneity reduces the degree of subdiffusion\nand, in some cases, can even compensate for the disorder induced by the\nstochastic transmittance.",
        "positive": "Phase synchronization and topological defects in inhomogeneous media: The influence of topological defects on phase synchronization and phase\ncoherence in two-dimensional arrays of locally-coupled, nonidentical, chaotic\noscillators is investigated. The motion of topological defects leads to a\nbreakdown of phase synchronization in the vicinities of the defects; however,\nthe system is much more phase coherent as long as the coupling between the\noscillators is strong enough to prohibit the continuous dynamical creation and\nannihilation of defects. The generic occurrence of topological defects in two\nand higher dimensions implies that the concept of phase synchronization has to\nbe modified for these systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal and nonuniversal features in the crossover from linear to\n  nonlinear interface growth: We study a restricted solid-on-solid (RSOS) model involving deposition and\nevaporation with probabilities p and 1-p, respectively, in one-dimensional\nsubstrates. It presents a crossover from Edwards-Wilkinson (EW) to\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) scaling for p~0.5. The associated KPZ equation is\nanalytically derived, exhibiting a coefficient lambda of the nonlinear term\nproportional to q=p-1/2, which is confirmed numerically by calculation of\ntilt-dependent growth velocities for several values of p. This linear \\lambda-q\nrelation contrasts to the apparently universal parabolic law obtained in\ncompetitive models mixing EW and KPZ components. The regions where the\ninterface roughness shows pure EW and KPZ scaling are identified for\n0.55<=p<=0.8, which provides numerical estimates of the crossover times t_c.\nThey scale as t_c ~ lambda^(-phi) with phi=4.1+-0.1, which is in excellent\nagreement with the theoretically predicted universal value phi=4 and improves\nprevious numerical estimates, which suggested phi~3.",
        "positive": "Deformed Fokker-Planck equation: inhomogeneous medium with a\n  position-dependent mass: We present the Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) for an inhomogeneous medium with\na position-dependent mass particle by making use of the Langevin equation, in\nthe context of a generalized deformed derivative for an arbitrary deformation\nspace where the linear (nonlinear) character of the FPE is associated with the\nemployed deformed linear (nonlinear) derivative. The FPE for an inhomogeneous\nmedium with a position-dependent diffusion coefficient is equivalent to a\ndeformed FPE within a deformed space, described by generalized derivatives, and\nconstant diffusion coefficient. The deformed FPE is consistent with the\ndiffusion equation for inhomogeneous media when the temperature and the\nmobility have the same position-dependent functional form as well as with the\nnonlinear Langevin approach. The deformed version of the H-theorem permits to\nexpress the Boltzmann-Gibbs entropic functional as a sum of two contributions,\none from the particles and the other from the inhomogeneous medium. The\nformalism is illustrated with the infinite square well and the confining\npotential with linear drift coefficient. Connections between superstatistics\nand position-dependent Langevin equations are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Directed Percolation with a Conserved Field and the Depinning Transition: Conserved directed-percolation (C-DP) and the depinning transition of a\ndisordered elastic interface belong to the same universality class as has been\nproven very recently by Le Doussal and Wiese [Phys. Rev. Lett.~\\textbf{114},\n110601 (2015)] through a mapping of the field theory for C-DP onto that of the\nquenched Edwards-Wilkinson model. Here, we present an alternative derivation of\nthe C-DP field theoretic functional, starting with the coherent state path\nintegral formulation of the C-DP and then applying the\nGrassberger-transformation, that avoids the disadvantages of the so-called\nDoi-shift. We revisit the aforementioned mapping with focus on a specific term\nin the field theoretic functional that has been problematic in the past when it\ncame to assessing its relevance. We show that this term is redundant in the\nsense of the renormalization group.",
        "positive": "Diffusion-mediated surface reactions, Brownian functionals and the\n  Feynman-Kac formula: Many processes in cell biology involve diffusion in a domain $\\Omega$ that\ncontains a target $\\calU$ whose boundary $\\partial \\calU$ is a chemically\nreactive surface. Such a target could represent a single reactive molecule, an\nintracellular compartment or a whole cell. Recently, a probabilistic framework\nfor studying diffusion-mediated surface reactions has been developed that\nconsiders the joint probability density or propagator for the particle position\nand the so-called boundary local time. The latter characterizes the amount of\ntime that a Brownian particle spends in the neighborhood of a point on a\ntotally reflecting boundary. The effects of surface reactions are then\nincorporated via an appropriate stopping condition for the boundary local time.\nIn this paper we generalize the theory of diffusion-mediated surface reactions\nto cases where the whole interior target domain $\\calU$ acts as a partial\nabsorber rather than the target boundary $\\partial \\calU$. Now the particle can\nfreely enter and exit $\\calU$, and is only able to react (be absorbed) within\n$\\calU$. The appropriate Brownian functional is then the occupation time\n(accumulated time that the particle spends within $\\calU$) rather than the\nboundary local time. We show that both cases can be considered within a unified\nframework by using a Feynman-Kac formula to derive a boundary value problem\n(BVP) for the propagator of the corresponding Brownian functional, and\nintroducing an associated stopping condition. We illustrate the theory by\ncalculating the mean first passage time (MFPT) for a spherical target $\\calU$\nlocated at the center of a spherical domain $\\Omega$. This is achieved by\nsolving the propagator BVP directly, rather than using spectral methods. We\nfind that if the first moment of the stopping time density is infinite, then\nthe MFPT is also infinite, that is, the spherical target is not sufficiently\nabsorbing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Roton-like mode in solid He-4: Recent theoretical and experimental work on solid He-4 has focused on\nvacancies, or other lattice defects and whether these can form a Bose-Einstein\ncondensate within the solid. The earliest suggestion that this could happen was\nbased on the conjecture that the ground state of the solid at T = 0 K would\ninclude vacancies. Although no direct evidence for zero point vacancies has\nbeen presented, a variety of experimental observations have been interpreted as\nbeing due to thermally activated vacancies. Here we directly probe the\nexcitation spectrum of hcp solid He-4 using inelastic neutron scattering. We\nidentify a branch of delocalized excitations, with both longitudinal and\ntransverse dispersion that coexist with acoustic phonons. While the energy gap\nis larger and the characteristic wavevector is shifted to coincide with the\nposition of the (100) Bragg peak, the longitudinal effective mass of this mode\nis within 15% of that for rotons in superfluid He-4. The dispersion relation\nintersects the longitudinal acoustic phonon half way to the zone boundary, and\nthis distinguishes the mode from a conventional optic phonon. Our results\nprovide direct evidence for coherent delocalized non-phonon excitations in\nsolid helium, which we identify as delocalized vacancy modes.",
        "positive": "Extension of the Ginibre Ensembles of Random Matrices: The Ginibre ensemble of nonhermitean random Hamiltonian matrices $K$ is\nconsidered. Each quantum system described by $K$ is a dissipative system and\nthe eigenenergies $Z_{i}$ of the Hamiltonian are complex-valued random\nvariables. The second difference of complex eigenenergies is viewed as discrete\nanalog of Hessian with respect to labelling index. The results are considered\nin view of Wigner and Dyson's electrostatic analogy. An extension of space of\ndynamics of random magnitudes is performed by introduction of discrete space of\nlabeling indices. The comparison with the Gaussian ensembles of random\nhermitean Hamiltonian matrices $H$ is performed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A unified treatment of Ising model magnetizations: We show how the spontaneous bulk, surface and corner magnetizations in the\nsquare lattice Ising model can all be obtained within one approach. The method\nis based on functional equations which follow from the properties of corner\ntransfer matrices and vertex operators and which can be derived graphically. In\nall cases, exact analytical expressions for general anisotropy are obtained.\nKnown results, including several for which only numerical computation was\npreviously possible, are verified and new results related to general anisotropy\nand corner angles are obtained.",
        "positive": "Tuning attraction and repulsion between active particles through\n  persistence: We consider the interplay between persistent motion, which is a generic\nproperty of active particles, and a recoil interaction which causes particles\nto jump apart on contact. The recoil interaction exemplifies an active contact\ninteraction between particles, which is inelastic and is generated by the\nactive nature of the constituents. It is inspired by the `shock' dynamics of\ncertain microorganisms, such as \\emph{Pyramimonas octopus}, and always\ngenerates an effective repulsion between a pair of passive particles. Highly\npersistent particles can be attractive or repulsive, according to the shape of\nthe recoil distribution. We show that the repulsive case admits an unexpected\ntransition to attraction at intermediate persistence lengths, that originates\nin the advective effects of persistence. This allows active particles to\nfundamentally change the collective effect of active interactions amongst them,\nby varying their persistence length."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal Logic Gates: Computation with phonons: Logic gates are basic digital elements for computers. We build up thermal\nlogic gates that can perform similar operations as their electronic\ncounterparts. The thermal logic gates are based on the nonlinear lattices,\nwhich exhibit very intriguing phenomena due to their temperature dependent\npower spectra. We demonstrate that phonons, the heat carriers, can be also used\nto carry information and processed accordingly. The possibility of nanoscale\nexperiment is discussed.",
        "positive": "Mass Dependence of Instabilities of an Oscillator with Multiplicative\n  and Additive Noise: We study the instabilities of a harmonic oscillator subject to additive and\ndichotomous multiplicative noise, focussing on the dependance of the\ninstability threshold on the mass. For multiplicative noise in the damping, the\ninstability threshold is crossed as the mass is decreased, as long as the\nsmaller damping is in fact negative. For multiplicative noise in the stiffness,\nthe situation is more complicated and in fact the transition is reentrant for\nintermediate noise strength and damping. For multiplicative noise in the mass,\nthe results depend on the implementation of the noise. One can take the\nvelocity or the momentum to be conserved as the mass is changed. In these cases\nincreasing the mass destabilizes the system. Alternatively, if the change in\nmass is caused by the accretion/loss of particles to the Brownian particle,\nthese processes are asymmetric with momentum conserved upon accretion and\nvelocity upon loss. In this case, there is no instability, as opposed to the\nother two implementations. We also study the distribution of the energy,\nfinding a power-law cutoff at a value which increases with time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superstatistical approach of the anomalous exponent for scaled Brownian\n  motion: Anomalous diffusion phenomenon is an intriguing process that tracer diffusion\npresents in numerous complex systems. Current experimental and theoretical\ninvestigations have reported the emergence of random diffusivity scenarios\naccompanied by the heterogeneity of the $\\alpha$-anomalous diffusion exponents.\nIn this framework, we investigate a heterogeneous ensemble of tracers governed\nby scaled Brownian motion (sBm). The heterogeneous features are considered on\nanomalous diffusion exponent and diffusivity. To analyse such systems, we\nintroduce the truncated-Gaussian and truncated chi-squared distributions for\nanomalous exponents in the superstatistical framework. We also discuss the role\nof different temporal scales in sBm for our model. Furthermore, we investigate\nthe effects of coupling between diffusivity and anomalous exponent on\nsuperstatistics of sBm. The investigation provides a thorough analysis of\nsimulation and analytical results.",
        "positive": "Quantum Fluctuations in Large-Spin Molecules: A new type of mesoscopic quantum effect in large-spin molecules possessing\neasy-axis anisotropy, such as Mn12, is predicted. The response of such a system\nto an external field applied perpendicular to the easy axis is considered. It\nis shown that the susceptibility of this system exhibits a peculiar peak of\npurely quantum origin. This effect arises from very general properties of\nquantum fluctuations in spin systems. We demonstrate that the effect is\nentirely accessible for contemporary experimental techniques. Our studies show\nthat the many-spin nature of the Mn12 clusters is important for a correct\ndescription of this quantum peak."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tilted elastic lines with columnar and point disorder, non-Hermitian\n  quantum mechanics and spiked random matrices: pinning and localization: We revisit the problem of an elastic line (e.g. a vortex line in a\nsuperconductor) subject to both columnar disorder and point disorder in\ndimension $d=1+1$. Upon applying a transverse field, a delocalization\ntransition is expected, beyond which the line is tilted macroscopically. We\ninvestigate this transition in the fixed tilt angle ensemble and within a\none-way model where backward jumps are neglected. From recent results about\ndirected polymers and their connections to random matrix theory, we find that\nfor a single line and a single strong defect this transition in presence of\npoint disorder coincides with the Baik-Ben Arous-Peche (BBP) transition for the\nappearance of outliers in the spectrum of a perturbed random matrix in the GUE.\nThis transition is conveniently described in the polymer picture by a\nvariational calculation. In the delocalized phase, the ground state energy\nexhibits Tracy-Widom fluctuations. In the localized phase we show, using the\nvariational calculation, that the fluctuations of the occupation length along\nthe columnar defect are described by $f_{KPZ}$, a distribution which appears\nubiquitously in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class. We then consider a\nsmooth density of columnar defect energies. Depending on how this density\nvanishes at its lower edge we find either (i) a delocalized phase only (ii) a\nlocalized phase with a delocalization transition. We analyze this transition\nwhich is an infinite-rank extension of the BBP transition. The fluctuations of\nthe ground state energy of a single elastic line in the localized phase (for\nfixed columnar defect energies) are described by a Fredholm determinant based\non a new kernel. The case of many columns and many non-intersecting lines,\nrelevant for the study of the Bose glass phase, is also analyzed. The ground\nstate energy is obtained using free probability and the Burgers equation.",
        "positive": "Finite-time Landauer principle: We study the thermodynamic cost associated with the erasure of one bit of\ninformation over a finite amount of time. We present a general framework for\nminimizing the average work required when full control of a system's\nmicrostates is possible. In addition to exact numerical results, we find simple\nbounds proportional to the variance of the microscopic distribution associated\nwith the state of the bit. In the short-time limit, we get a closed expression\nfor the minimum average amount of work needed to erase a bit. The average work\nassociated with the optimal protocol can be up to a factor of four smaller\nrelative to protocols constrained to end in local equilibrium. Assessing prior\nexperimental and numerical results based on heuristic protocols, we find that\nour bounds often dissipate an order of magnitude less energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of Induced Spin-Orbit Coupling for Atoms via Laser Fields: We propose an experimental scheme to study spin-orbit coupling effects in a\nof two-dimensional (2D) Fermi atomic gas cloud by coupling its internal\nelectronic states (pseudospins) to radiation in a delta configuration. The\ninduced spin-orbit coupling can be of the Dresselhaus and Rashba type with and\nwithout a Zeeman term. We show that the optically induced spin-orbit coupling\ncan lead to a spin-dependent effective mass under appropriate condition, with\none of them able to be tuned between positive and negative effective mass. As a\ndirect observable we show that in the expansion dynamics of the atomic cloud\nthe initial atomic cloud splits into two clouds for the positive effective mass\ncase regime, and into four clouds for the negative effective mass regime.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Phase Transitions and their Relation to Thermodynamic Glass\n  Physics: We review recent developments in structural-dynamical phase transitions in\ntrajectory space. An open question is how the dynamic facilitation theory of\nthe glass transition may be reconciled with thermodynamic theories that posit a\nvanishing configurational entropy. Dynamic facilitation theory invokes a\ndynamical phase transition, between an active phase (close to the normal\nliquid) and an inactive phase which is glassy, whose order parameter is either\ndynamic or a time-averaged structural quantity. In particular, the dynamical\nphase transition in systems with non-trivial thermodynamics manifests\nsignatures of a lower critical point, which lies close to the putative Kauzmann\ntemperature, where any thermodynamic phase transition to an ideal glass state\nmight occur. We discuss these findings, and suggest that the lower critical\npoint of the structural-dynamical phase transition may be related to the large\ndrop in configurational entropy that occurs in the inactive phase of the\ndynamical phase transition. Increasing supercooling thus brings configurational\nentropy of the normal liquid much lower, along with the temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density-feedback control in traffic and transport far from equilibrium: A bottleneck situation in one-lane traffic-flow is typically modelled with a\nconstant demand of entering cars. However, in practice this demand may depend\non the density of cars in the bottleneck. The present paper studies a simple\nbimodal realization of this mechanism to which we refer to as density-feedback\ncontrol (DFC): If the actual density in the bottleneck is above a certain\nthreshold, the reservoir density of possibly entering cars is reduced to a\ndifferent constant value. By numerical solution of the discretized viscid\nBurgers equation a rich stationary phase diagram is found. In order to maximize\nthe flow, which is the goal of typical traffic-management strategies, we find\nthe optimal choice of the threshold. Analytical results are verified by\ncomputer simulations of the microscopic TASEP with DFC.",
        "positive": "Hypergeometric foundations of Fokker-Plank like equations: We show that the Fokker Planck equation can be derived from a Hypergeometric\ndifferential equation. The same applies to a non linear generalization of such\nequation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical and dynamical properties of the discrete Sinai model at\n  finite times: We study the Sinai model for the diffusion of a particle in a one dimensional\nquenched random energy landscape. We consider the particular case of discrete\nenergy landscapes made of random +/- 1 jumps on the semi infinite line Z+ with\na reflecting wall at the origin. We compare the statistical distribution of the\nsuccessive local minima of the energy landscapes, which we derive explicitly,\nwith the dynamical distribution of the position of the diffusing particle,\nwhich we obtain numerically. At high temperature, the two distributions match\nonly in the large time asymptotic regime. At low temperature however, we find\neven at finite times a clear correspondence between the statistical and\ndynamical distributions, with additional interesting oscillatory behaviors.",
        "positive": "Universality and logarithmic corrections in two-dimensional random Ising\n  ferromagnets: We address the question of weak versus strong universality scenarios for the\nrandom-bond Ising model in two dimensions. A finite-size scaling theory is\nproposed, which explicitly incorporates $\\ln L$ corrections ($L$ is the linear\nfinite size of the system) to the temperature derivative of the correlation\nlength. The predictions are tested by considering long, finite-width strips of\nIsing spins with randomly distributed ferromagnetic couplings, along which free\nenergy, spin-spin correlation functions and specific heats are calculated by\ntransfer-matrix methods. The ratio $\\gamma/\\nu$ is calculated and has the same\nvalue as in the pure case; consequently conformal invariance predictions remain\nvalid for this type of disorder. Semilogarithmic plots of correlation functions\nagainst distance yield average correlation lengths $\\xi^{av}$, whose size\ndependence agrees very well with the proposed theory. We also examine the size\ndependence of the specific heat, which clearly suggestsa divergency in the\nthermodynamic limit. Thus our data consistently favour the Dotsenko-Shalaev\npicture of logarithmic corrections (enhancements) to pure system singularities,\nas opposed to the weak universality scenario."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The anisotropic Ashkin-Teller model: a renormalization group study: The two-dimensional ferromagnetic anisotropic Ashkin-Teller model is\ninvestigated through a real-space renormalization-group approach. The critical\nfrontier, separating five distinct phases, recover all the known exacts results\nfor the square lattice. The correlation length $(\\nu_T)$ and crossover $(\\phi)$\ncritical exponents are also calculated. With the only exception of the\nfour-state Potts critical point, the entire phase diagram belongs to the Ising\nuniversality class.",
        "positive": "Dynamical quantum phase transitions: scaling and universality: Dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs) at critical times appear as\nnon-analyticities during nonequilibrium quantum real-time evolution. Although\nthere is evidence for a close relationship between DQPTs and equilibrium phase\ntransitions, a major challenge is still to connect to fundamental concepts such\nas scaling and universality. In this work, renormalization group\ntransformations in complex parameter space are formulated for quantum quenches\nin Ising models showing that the DQPTs are critical points associated with\nunstable fixed points of equilibrium Ising models. Therefore, these DQPTs obey\nscaling and universality. On the basis of numerical simulations, signatures of\nthese DQPTs in the dynamical buildup of spin correlations are found with an\nassociated power-law scaling determined solely by the fixed point's\nuniversality class. An outlook is given on how to explore this dynamical\nscaling experimentally in systems of trapped ions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Levy solutions of a randomly forced Burgers equation: We consider the one dimensional Burgers equation forced by a brownian in\nspace and white noise in time process $\\partial_t u + u \\partial_x u = f(x,t)$,\nwith $2E(f(x,t)f(y,s)) = (|x|+|y|-|x-y|)\\delta(t-s)$ and we show that there are\nLevy processes solutions, for which we give the evolution equation of the\ncharacteristic exponent. In particular we give the explicit solution in the\ncase $u_0(x)=0$.",
        "positive": "The fourth virial coefficient of anyons: We have computed by a Monte Carlo method the fourth virial coefficient of\nfree anyons, as a function of the statistics angle theta. It can be fitted by a\nfour term Fourier series, in which two coefficients are fixed by the known\nperturbative results at the boson and fermion points. We compute partition\nfunctions by means of path integrals, which we represent diagrammatically in\nsuch a way that the connected diagrams give the cluster coefficients. This\nprovides a general proof that all cluster and virial coefficients are finite.\nWe give explicit polynomial approximations for all path integral contributions\nto all cluster coefficients, implying that only the second virial coefficient\nis statistics dependent, as is the case for two-dimensional exclusion\nstatistics. The assumption leading to these approximations is that the tree\ndiagrams dominate and factorize."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization group crossover in the critical dynamics of field\n  theories with mode coupling terms: Motivated by the collective behaviour of biological swarms, we study the\ncritical dynamics of field theories with coupling between order parameter and\nconjugate momentum in the presence of dissipation. By performing a dynamical\nrenormalization group calculation at one loop, we show that the violation of\nmomentum conservation generates a crossover between a conservative yet\nIR-unstable fixed point, characterized by a dynamic critical exponent $z=d/2$,\nand a dissipative IR-stable fixed point with $z=2$. Interestingly, the two\nfixed points have different upper critical dimensions. The interplay between\nthese two fixed points gives rise to a crossover in the critical dynamics of\nthe system, characterized by a crossover exponent $\\kappa=4/d$. Such crossover\nis regulated by a conservation length scale, $\\mathcal R_0$, which is larger\nthe smaller the dissipation: beyond $\\mathcal R_0$ the dissipative fixed point\ndominates, while at shorter distances dynamics is ruled by the conservative\nfixed point and critical exponent, a behaviour which is all the more relevant\nin finite-size systems with weak dissipation. We run numerical simulations in\nthree dimensions and find a crossover between the exponents $z=3/2$ and $z=2$\nin the critical slowing down of the system, confirming the renormalization\ngroup results. From the biophysical point of view, our calculation indicates\nthat in finite-size biological groups mode-coupling terms in the equation of\nmotion can significantly change the dynamical critical exponents even in the\npresence of dissipation, a step towards reconciling theory with experiments in\nnatural swarms. Moreover, our result provides the scale within which fully\nconservative Bose-Einstein condensation is a good approximation in systems with\nweak symmetry-breaking terms violating number conservation, as quantum magnets\nor photon gases.",
        "positive": "Tight coupling in thermal Brownian motors: We study analytically a thermal Brownian motor model and calculate exactly\nthe Onsager coefficients. We show how the reciprocity relation holds and that\nthe determinant of the Onsager matrix vanishes. Such condition implies that the\ndevice is built with tight coupling. This explains why Carnot's efficiency can\nbe achieved in the limit of infinitely slow velocities. We also prove that the\nefficiency at maximum power has the maximum possible value, which corresponds\nto the Curzon-Alhborn bound. Finally, we discuss the model acting as a Brownian\nrefrigerator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Influence of random pinning on the crystallization process in\n  suspensions of hard spheres: We discuss crystal formation in supersaturated suspensions of monodisperse\nhard spheres with a concentration of hard spheres randomly pinned in space and\ntime. The pinning procedure introduces an external length scale and an external\ntime scale that restrict the accessible number of configurations and ultimately\nthe number of pathways leading to crystallization. We observe a significant\ndrop in the nucleation rate density at a characteristic pinning concentration\nthat can be directly related to the structure of the critical nucleus and the\ndynamics of its formation in the unpinned system.",
        "positive": "Continuous time random walk and parametric subordination in fractional\n  diffusion: The well-scaled transition to the diffusion limit in the framework of the\ntheory of continuous-time random walk (CTRW)is presented starting from its\nrepresentation as an infinite series that points out the subordinated character\nof the CTRW itself. We treat the CTRW as a combination of a random walk on the\naxis of physical time with a random walk in space, both walks happening in\ndiscrete operational time. In the continuum limit we obtain a generally\nnon-Markovian diffusion process governed by a space-time fractional diffusion\nequation. The essential assumption is that the probabilities for waiting times\nand jump-widths behave asymptotically like powers with negative exponents\nrelated to the orders of the fractional derivatives. By what we call parametric\nsubordination, applied to a combination of a Markov process with a positively\noriented L\\'evy process, we generate and display sample paths for some special\ncases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of fluids in a step potential: The paper deals with the problem of surface effects at a fluid boundary\nproduced by a step force field. A classical simple fluid with a locally placed\nfield simulating a solid is considered. The specific surface Omega-potential\ngamma, the surface number density, and the Henry adsorption constant are\ndetermined. A surface cluster expansion is obtained. It is similar to the\ncluster expansion for the pressure in which the integrals of the Ursell factors\nare replaced by sums of the first-order moments of the Ursell factors. The\ncontact theorem is extended to the case of a finite step field. It is found\nthat the surface number density (its invariant part) is determined by the\nfirst-order moment of the pair Ursell function taken over the entire space. The\nhigh-and low-temperature limits are analyzed and are shown to be consistent\nwith the previously obtained general results.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium of a Brownian particle with coordinate dependent diffusivity\n  and damping: Generalized Boltzmann distribution: Fick's law for coordinate dependent diffusivity is derived. Corresponding\ndiffusion current in the presence of coordinate dependent diffusivity is\nconsistent with the form as given by Kramers-Moyal expansion. We have obtained\nthe equilibrium solution of the corresponding Smoluchowski equation. The\nequilibrium distribution is a generalization of the Boltzmann distribution.\nThis generalized Boltzmann distribution involves an effective potential which\nis a function of coordinate dependent diffusivity. We discuss various\nimplications of the existence of this generalized Boltzmann distribution for\nequilibrium of systems with coordinate dependent diffusivity and damping."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Competition, efficiency and collective behavior in the \"El Farol\" bar\n  model: The El Farol bar model, proposed to study the dynamics of competition of\nagents in a variety of contexts (W. B. Arthur, Amer. Econ. Assoc. Pap. and\nProc. 84, 406 (1994)) is studied. We characterize in detail the three regions\nof the phase diagram (efficient, inefficient and better than random) of the\nsimplest version of the model (D. Challet and Y.-C. Zhang, Physica A, 246, 407\n(1997)). The efficient region is shown to have a rich structure, which is\ninvestigated in some detail. Changes in the payoff function enhance further the\ntendency of the model towards a wasteful distribution of resources.",
        "positive": "A \"mean-field approximation\" on the phase transitions of\n  three-dimensional Lennard-Jones model: It is difficult to derive the solid-fluid transition theoretically from\nmicroscopic models, although this phenomenon itself has been investigated for a\nlong time. We previously constructed an exactly-solvable model with the\nsolid-fluid transition. This model resembles the infinite-range (or mean-field)\nmodel in spin systems in some points, hence it can be called a \"mean-field\nmodel\" of the solid-fluid transition. In the present paper, we construct a\n\"mean-field approximation\" of the solid-fluid transition by using the\n\"mean-field model\" introduced in our previous study, and tries to describe the\nphase transitions of the three-dimensional Lennard-Jones model as an example.\nThis approximation succeeds in describing the phase diagram which contains\nthree (gas, liquid, and fcc-solid) phase, at least qualitatively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion with stochastic resetting screened by a semipermeable\n  interface: In this paper we consider the diffusive search for a bounded target $\\Omega\n\\in \\R^d$ with its boundary $\\partial \\Omega$ totally absorbing. We assume that\nthe target is surrounded by a semipermeable interface given by the closed\nsurface $\\partial \\calM$ with $\\Omega \\subset \\calM\\subset \\R^d$. That is, the\ninterface totally surrounds the target and thus partially screens the diffusive\nsearch process. We also assume that the position of the diffusing particle\n(searcher) randomly resets to its initial position $\\x_0$ according to a\nPoisson process with a resetting rate $r$. The location $\\x_0$ is taken to be\noutside the interface, $\\x_0\\in \\calM^c$, which means that resetting does not\noccur when the particle is within the interior of $\\partial \\calM$. Hence, the\nsemipermeable interface also screens out the effects of resetting. We first\nsolve the boundary value problem (BVP) for diffusion on the half-line $x\\in\n[0,\\infty)$ with an absorbing boundary at $x=0$, a semipermeable barrier at\n$x=L$, and stochastic resetting to $x_0>L$ for all $x>L$. We calculate the mean\nfirst passage time (MFPT) to be absorbed by the target and explore its behavior\nas a function of the permeability $\\kappa_0$ of the interface and its spatial\nposition $L$. We then perform the analogous calculations for a\nthree-dimensional (3D) spherically symmetric interface and target, and show\nthat the MFPT exhibits the same qualitative behavior as the 1D case. Finally,\nwe introduce a stochastic single-particle realization of the search process\nbased on a generalization of so-called snapping out BM. The latter sews\ntogether successive rounds of reflecting Brownian motion on either side of the\ninterface. The main challenge is establishing that the probability density\ngenerated by the snapping out BM satisfies the permeable boundary conditions at\nthe interface. We show how this can be achieved using renewal theory.",
        "positive": "Transitions between epitaxial growth regimes: A (1+1)-dimensional\n  kinetic Monte Carlo study: To study epitaxial thin-film growth, a new model is introduced and extensive\nkinetic Monte Carlo simulations performed for a wide range of fluxes and\ntemperatures. Varying the deposition conditions, a rich growth diagram is\nfound. The model also reproduces several known regimes and in the limit of low\nparticle mobility a new regime is defined. Finally, a relation is postulated\nbetween the temperatures of the kinetic and thermal roughening transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Binary spreading process with parity conservation: Recently there has been a debate concerning the universal properties of the\nphase transition in the pair contact process with diffusion (PCPD) $2A\\to 3A,\n2A\\to \\emptyset$. Although some of the critical exponents seem to coincide with\nthose of the so-called parity-conserving universality class, it was suggested\nthat the PCPD might represent an independent class of phase transitions. This\npoint of view is motivated by the argument that the PCPD does not conserve\nparity of the particle number. In the present work we pose the question what\nhappens if the parity conservation law is restored. To this end we consider the\nthe reaction-diffusion process $2A\\to 4A, 2A\\to \\emptyset$. Surprisingly this\nprocess displays the same type of critical behavior, leading to the conclusion\nthat the most important characteristics of the PCPD is the use of binary\nreactions for spreading, regardless of whether parity is conserved or not.",
        "positive": "Marginal speed confinement resolves the conflict between correlation and\n  control in natural flocks of birds: Speed fluctuations of individual birds in natural flocks are moderate, due to\nthe aerodynamic and biomechanical constraints of flight. Yet the spatial\ncorrelations of such fluctuations are scale-free, namely they have a range as\nwide as the entire group, a property linked to the capacity of the system to\ncollectively respond to external perturbations. Scale-free correlations and\nmoderate fluctuations set conflicting constraints on the mechanism controlling\nthe speed of each agent, as the factors boosting correlation amplify\nfluctuations, and vice versa. Here, using a statistical field theory approach,\nwe suggest that a marginal speed confinement that ignores small deviations from\nthe natural reference value while ferociously suppressing larger speed\nfluctuations, is able to reconcile scale-free correlations with biologically\nacceptable group's speed. We validate our theoretical predictions by comparing\nthem with field experimental data on starling flocks with group sizes spanning\nan unprecedented interval of over two orders of magnitude."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Paths to Self-Organized Criticality: We present a pedagogical introduction to self-organized criticality (SOC),\nunraveling its connections with nonequilibrium phase transitions. There are\nseveral paths from a conventional critical point to SOC. They begin with an\nabsorbing-state phase transition (directed percolation is a familiar example),\nand impose supervision or driving on the system; two commonly used methods are\nextremal dynamics, and driving at a rate approaching zero. We illustrate this\nin sandpiles, where SOC is a consequence of slow driving in a system exhibiting\nan absorbing-state phase transition with a conserved density. Other paths to\nSOC, in driven interfaces, the Bak-Sneppen model, and self-organized directed\npercolation, are also examined. We review the status of experimental\nrealizations of SOC in light of these observations.",
        "positive": "Rectification of spatial disorder: We demonstrate that a large ensemble of noiseless globally coupled-pinned\noscillators is capable of rectifying spatial disorder with spontaneous current\nactivated through a dynamical phase transition mechanism, either of first or\nsecond order, depending on the profile of the pinning potential. In the\npresence of an external weak drive, the same collective mechanism can result in\nan absolute negative mobility, which, though not immediately related to\nsymmetry breaking, is most prominent at the phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Resummation Methods for Analyzing Time Series: An approach is suggested for analyzing time series by means of resummation\ntechniques of theoretical physics. A particular form of such an analysis, based\non the algebraic self-similar renormalization, is developed and illustrated by\nseveral examples from the stock market time series.",
        "positive": "My Life with Fisher: This is based on the after-dinner talk given at the 70th Birthday Conference\nfor Michael E. Fisher at Rutgers in December, 2001. It is longer than the talk,\nincorporating additional text from the after-dinner talk I gave at Fisher's\n60th Birthday Conference at the National Academy in Washington D.C.in 1991."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the theory of quantum quenches in near-critical systems: The theory of quantum quenches in near-critical one-dimensional systems\nformulated in [J. Phys. A 47 (2014) 402001] yields analytic predictions for the\ndynamics, unveils a qualitative difference between non-interacting and\ninteracting systems, with undamped oscillations of one-point functions\noccurring only in the latter case, and explains the presence and role of\ndifferent time scales. Here we examine additional aspects, determining in\nparticular the relaxation value of one-point functions for small quenches. For\na class of quenches we relate this value to the scaling dimensions of the\noperators. We argue that the $E_8$ spectrum of the Ising chain can be more\naccessible through a quench than at equilibrium, while for a quench of the\nplane anisotropy in the XYZ chain we obtain that the one-point function of the\nquench operator switches from damped to undamped oscillations at $\\Delta=1/2$.",
        "positive": "The Effect of Nonlinearity in Hybrid KMC-Continuum models: Recently there has been interest in developing efficient ways to model\nheterogeneous surface reactions with hybrid computational models that couple a\nKMC model for a surface to a finite difference model for bulk diffusion in a\ncontinuous domain. We consider two representative problems that validate a\nhybrid method and also show that this method captures the combined effects of\nnonlinearity and stochasticity. We first validate a simple\ndeposition/dissolution model with a linear rate showing that the KMC-continuum\nhybrid agrees with both a fully deterministic model and its analytical\nsolution. We then study a deposition/dissolution model including competitive\nadsorption, which leads to a nonlinear rate, and show that, in this case, the\nKMC-continuum hybrid and fully deterministic simulations do not agree. However,\nwe are able to identify the difference as a natural result of the stochasticity\ncoming from the KMC surface process. Because KMC captures inherent\nfluctuations, we consider it to be more realistic than a purely deterministic\nmodel. Therefore, we consider the KMC-continuum hybrid to be more\nrepresentative of a real system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Novel exponents control the quasi-deterministic limit of the extinction\n  transition: The quasi-deterministic limit of the generic extinction transition is\nconsidered within the framework of standard epidemiological models. The\nsusceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model is known to exhibit a transition\nfrom extinction to spreading, as the infectivity is increased, described by the\ndirected percolation equivalence class. We find that the distance from the\ntransition point, and the prefactor controlling the divergence of the\n(perpendicular) correlation length, both scale with the local population size,\n$N$, with two novel universal exponents. Different exponents characterize the\nlarge $N$ behavior of the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model, which\nbelongs to the dynamic percolation class. Extensive numerical studies in a\nrange of systems lead to the conjecture that these characteristics are generic\nand may be used in order to classify the high density limit of any stochastic\nprocess on the edge of extinction.",
        "positive": "Percolation approach to glassy dynamics with continuously broken\n  ergodicity: We show that the relaxation dynamics near a glass transition with continuous\nergodicity breaking can be endowed with a geometric interpretation based on\npercolation theory. At mean-field level this approach is consistent with the\nmode-coupling theory (MCT) of type-A liquid-glass transitions and allows to\ndisentangle the universal and nonuniversal contributions to MCT relaxation\nexponents. Scaling predictions for the time correlation function are\nsuccessfully tested in the F12 schematic model and facilitated spin systems on\na Bethe lattice. Our approach immediately suggests the extension of MCT scaling\nlaws to finite spatial dimensions and yields new predictions for dynamic\nrelaxation exponents below an upper critical dimension of 6."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium time evolution of bosons from the functional\n  renormalization group: We develop a functional renormalization group approach to obtain the time\nevolution of the momentum distribution function of interacting bosons out of\nequilibrium. Using an external out-scattering rate as flow parameter, we derive\nformally exact renormalization group flow equations for the non-equilibrium\nself-energies in the Keldysh basis. A simple perturbative truncation of these\nflow equations leads to an approximate solution of the quantum Boltzmann\nequation which does not suffer from secular terms and gives accurate results\neven for long times. We demonstrate this explicitly within a simple exactly\nsolvable toy model describing a quartic oscillator with off-diagonal pairing\nterms.",
        "positive": "The phase diagram and critical behavior of the three-state majority-vote\n  model: The three-state majority-vote model with noise on Erdos-Renyi's random graphs\nhas been studied. Using Monte Carlo simulations we obtain the phase diagram,\nalong with the critical exponents. Exact results for limiting cases are\npresented, and shown to be in agreement with numerical values. We find that the\ncritical noise qc is an increasing function of the mean connectivity z of the\ngraph. The critical exponents beta/nu, gamma/nu and 1/nu are calculated for\nseveral values of connectivity. We also study the globally connected network,\nwhich corresponds to the mean-field limit z = N-1 -> infinity. Our numerical\nresults indicate that the correlation length scales with the number of nodes in\nthe graph, which is consistent with an effective dimensionality equal to unity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards a Theory of Additive Eigenvectors: The standard approach in solving stochastic equations is eigenvector\ndecomposition. Using separation ansatz $P(i,t)=u(i)e^{\\mu t}$ one obtains\nstandard equation for eigenvectors $Ku=\\mu u$, where $K$ is the rate matrix of\nthe master equation. While universally accepted, the standard approach is not\nthe only possibility. Using additive separation ansatz $S(i,t)=W(i)-\\nu t$ one\narrives at additive eigenvectors. Here we suggest a theory of such\neigenvectors. We argue that additive eigenvectors describe conditioned Markov\nprocesses and derive corresponding equations. The formalism is applied to\none-dimensional stochastic process corresponding to the telegraph equation. We\nderive differential equations for additive eigenvectors and explore their\nproperties. The proposed theory of additive eigenvectors provides a new\ndescription of stochastic processes with peculiar properties.",
        "positive": "Visibility graphs of animal foraging trajectories: The study of self-propelled particles is a fast-growing research topic where\nbiologically inspired movement is increasingly becoming of much interest. A\nrelevant example is the collective motion of social insects, whose variety and\ncomplexity offer fertile grounds for theoretical abstractions. It has been\ndemonstrated that the collective motion involved in the searching behavior of\ntermites is consistent with self-similarity, anomalous diffusion and L\\'evy\nwalks. In this work, we use visibility graphs -- a method that maps time series\ninto graphs and quantifies the signal complexity via graph topological metrics\n-- in the context of social insects foraging trajectories extracted from\nexperiments. Our analysis indicates that the patterns observed for isolated\ntermites change qualitatively when the termite density is increased, and such\nchange cannot be explained by jamming effects only, pointing to collective\neffects emerging due to non-trivial foraging interactions between insects as\nthe cause. Moreover, we find that such an onset of complexity is maximized for\nintermediate termite densities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Renormalization Groups as a form of Entropic Dynamics: The Renormalization Group (RG) is a set of methods that have been\ninstrumental in tackling problems involving an infinite number of degrees of\nfreedom. What all these methods have in common -- which is what explains their\nsuccess -- is that they allow a systematic search for those degrees of freedom\nthat happen to be relevant to the phenomena in question. In the standard\napproaches the RG transformations are implemented by either coarse graining or\nby changes of variables. When these transformations are infinitesimal the\nformalism can be described as a continuous dynamical flow in a fictitious time\nparameter. It is generally the case that these exact RG equations are\nfunctional diffusion equations. In this paper we show that the exact RG\nequations can be derived using entropic methods. The RG flow is then described\nas a form of entropic dynamics of field configurations. Although equivalent to\nother versions of the RG, in this approach the RG transformations receive a\npurely inferential interpretation that establishes a clear link to information\ntheory.",
        "positive": "Ginzburg-Landau free energy for molecular fluids: determination and\n  coarse-graining: Using molecular simulation, we determine Ginzburg-Landau free energy\nfunctions for molecular fluids. To this aim, we extend the Expanded Wang-Landau\nmethod to calculate the partition functions, number distributions and Landau\nfree energies for $Ar$, $CO_2$ and $H_2O$. We then parametrize a coarse-grained\nfree energy function of the density order parameter and assess the performance\nof this free energy function on its ability to model the onset of criticality\nin these systems. The resulting parameters can be readily used in hybrid\natomistic/continuum simulations that connect the microscopic and mesoscopic\nlength scales."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical dynamics of non-conserved strongly anisotropic permutation\n  symmetric three-vector model: We explore, employing the renormalization-group theory, the critical scaling\nbehavior of the permutation symmetric three-vector model that obeys\nnon-conserving dynamics and has a relevant anisotropic perturbation which\ndrives the system into a non-equilibrium steady state. We explicitly find the\nindependent critical exponents with corrections up to two loops. They include\nthe static exponents $\\nu$ and $\\eta$, the off equilibrium exponent\n$\\widetilde{\\eta}$, the dynamic exponent $z$ and the strong anisotropy exponent\n$\\Delta$. We also express the other anisotropy exponents in terms of these.",
        "positive": "Orbital Approximation for the Reduced Bloch Equations: Fermi-Dirac\n  Distribution for Interacting Fermions and Hartree-Fock Equation at Finite\n  Temperature: In this paper, we solve a set of hierarchy equations for the reduced\nstatistical density operator in a grand canonical ensemble for an identical\nmany-body fermion system without or with two-body interaction. We take the\nsingle-particle approximation, and obtain an eigen-equation for the\nsingle-particle states. For the case of no interaction, it is an eigen-equation\nfor the free particles, and solutions are therefore the plane waves. For the\ncase with two-body interaction, however, it is an equation which is the\nextension of usual Hartre-Fock equation at zero temperature to the case of any\nfinite temperature. The average occupation number for the single-particle\nstates with mean field interaction is also obtained, which has the same\nFermi-Dirac distribution from as that for the free fermion gas. The derivation\ndemonstrates that even for an interacting fermion system, only the lowest $N$\norbitals, where $N$ is the number of particles, are occupied at zero\ntemperature. In addition, their practical applications in such fields as\nstudying the temperature effects on the average structure and electronic\nspectra for macromolecules are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equations of state in generalized hydrodynamics: We, for the first time, report a first-principle proof of the equations of\nstate used in the hydrodynamic theory for integrable systems, termed\ngeneralized hydrodynamics (GHD). The proof makes full use of the graph\ntheoretic approach to Thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) that was proposed\nrecently. This approach is purely combinatorial and relies only on common\nstructures shared among Bethe solvable models, suggesting universal\napplicability of the method. To illustrate the idea of the proof, we focus on\nrelativistic integrable quantum field theories with diagonal scatterings and\nwithout bound states such as strings.",
        "positive": "Diffuse scattering on Ising chain with competing interactions: We considered the Ising 1D chain in an external magnetic field taking into\naccount the nearest and next-nearest neighbor interactions. By the method of\nKramers--Wannier transfer-matrix, the rigorous analytical expression for\nFourier-transform of pair spin-spin correlation function was obtained, and the\ntemperature evolution of the scattering was analyzed for various relations of\nexchange parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations of the heat flux of a one-dimensional hard particle gas: Momentum-conserving one-dimensional models are known to exhibit anomalous\nFourier's law, with a thermal conductivity varying as a power law of the system\nsize. Here we measure, by numerical simulations, several cumulants of the heat\nflux of a one-dimensional hard particle gas. We find that the cumulants, like\nthe conductivity, vary as power laws of the system size. Our results also\nindicate that cumulants higher than the second follow different power laws when\none compares the ring geometry at equilibrium and the linear case in contact\nwith two heat baths (at equal or unequal temperatures). keywords: current\nfluctuations, anomalous Fourier law, hard particle gas",
        "positive": "Using path integrals to price interest rate derivatives: We present a new approach for the pricing of interest rate derivatives which\nallows a direct computation of option premiums without deriving a\n(Black-Scholes type) partial differential equation and without explicitly\nsolving the stochastic process for the underlying variable. The approach is\ntested by rederiving the prices of a zero bond and a zero bond option for a\nshort rate environment which is governed by Vasicek dynamics. Furthermore, a\ngeneralization of the method to general short rate models is outlined. In the\ncase, where analytical solutions are not accessible, numerical implementations\nof the path integral method in terms of lattice calculations as well as path\nintegral Monte Carlo simulations are possible."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport Coefficients for Granular Media from Molecular Dynamics\n  Simulations: Under many conditions, macroscopic grains flow like a fluid; kinetic theory\npred icts continuum equations of motion for this granular fluid. In order to\ntest the theory, we perform event driven molecular simulations of a\ntwo-dimensional gas of inelastic hard disks, driven by contact with a heat\nbath. Even for strong dissipation, high densities, and small numbers of\nparticles, we find that continuum theory describes the system well. With a bath\nthat heats the gas homogeneously, strong velocity correlations produce a\nslightly smaller energy loss due to inelastic collisions than that predicted by\nkinetic theory. With an inhomogeneous heat bath, thermal or velocity gradients\nare induced. Determination of the resulting fluxes allows calculation of the\nthermal conductivity and shear viscosity, which are compared to the predictions\nof granular kinetic theory, and which can be used in continuum modeling of\ngranular flows. The shear viscosity is close to the prediction of kinetic\ntheory, while the thermal conductivity can be overestimated by a factor of 2;\nin each case, transport is lowered with increasing inelasticity.",
        "positive": "Nonuniversal finite-size scaling in anisotropic systems: We study the bulk and finite-size critical behavior of the O$(n)$ symmetric\n$\\phi^4$ theory with spatially anisotropic interactions of non-cubic symmetry\nin $d<4$ dimensions. In such systems of a given $(d,n)$ universality class,\ntwo-scale factor universality is absent in bulk correlation functions, and\nfinite-size scaling functions including the Privman-Fisher scaling form of the\nfree energy, the Binder cumulant ratio and the Casimir amplitude are shown to\nbe nonuniversal. In particular it is shown that, for anisotropic confined\nsystems, isotropy cannot be restored by an anisotropic scale transformation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ferromagnetism in Magic-angle Twisted Bilayer Graphene: A Monte Carlo\n  Study: Ferromagnetism emerges when the Moire superlattice formed by stacking two\ngraphene monolayers in a magic twist angle are filled with integer number\nelectrons. This work investigates the ferromagnetism based on the Ising models\nfor a triangular lattice at one-quarter filling, a square lattice at half\nfilling and a Kagome lattice at three-quarters filling of electrons. The\ntemperature dependent heat capacity, magnetic susceptibility, energy and\nmagnetization curves are calculated at zero magnetic field with a Monte Carlo\nmethod, leading to derive the phase transition temperatures, T_c=0.76, 1.33 and\n4.75 K, respectively. Magnetization curves at finite magnetic field show strong\nhysteresis at temperature below 0.5 K for all the fillings considered,\nindicating the ferromagnetism of the system; the results are in agreement with\nexperimental observations.",
        "positive": "Nonuniversal mound formation in nonequilibrium surface growth: We demonstrate, using well-established nonequilibrium limited-mobility\nsolid-on-solid growth models, that mound formation in the dynamical surface\ngrowth morphology does not necessarily imply the existence of a surface edge\ndiffusion bias (the Schwoebel barrier). We find mounded morphologies in several\nnonequilibrium growth models which incorporate no Schwoebel barrier. Our\nnumerical results indicate that mounded morphologies in nonequilibrium surface\ngrowth may arise from a number of distinct physical mechanisms, with the\nSchwoebel instability being one of them."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maximizing power and velocity of an information engine: Information-driven engines that rectify thermal fluctuations are a modern\nrealization of the Maxwell-demon thought experiment. We introduce a simple\ndesign based on a heavy colloidal particle, held by an optical trap and\nimmersed in water. Using a carefully designed feedback loop, our experimental\nrealization of an \"information ratchet\" takes advantage of favorable \"up\"\nfluctuations to lift a weight against gravity, storing potential energy without\ndoing external work. By optimizing the ratchet design for performance via a\nsimple theory, we find that the rate of work storage and velocity of directed\nmotion is limited only by the physical parameters of the engine: the size of\nthe particle, stiffness of the ratchet spring, friction produced by the motion,\nand temperature of the surrounding medium. Notably, because performance\nsaturates with increasing frequency of observations, the measurement process is\nnot a limiting factor. The extracted power and velocity are at least an order\nof magnitude higher than in previously reported engines.",
        "positive": "Geometry of Empty Space is the Key to Near-Arrest Dynamics: We study several examples of kinetically constrained lattice models using\ndynamically accessible volume as an order parameter. Thereby we identify two\ndistinct regimes exhibiting dynamical slowing, with a sharp threshold between\nthem. These regimes are identified both by a new response function in\ndynamically available volume, as well as directly in the dynamics. Results for\nthe selfdiffusion constant in terms of the connected hole density are\npresented, and some evidence is given for scaling in the limit of dynamical\narrest."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First--order continuous models of opinion formation: We study certain nonlinear continuous models of opinion formation derived\nfrom a kinetic description involving exchange of opinion between individual\nagents. These models imply that the only possible final opinions are the\nextremal ones, and are similar to models of pure drift in magnetization. Both\nanalytical and numerical methods allow to recover the final distribution of\nopinion between the two extremal ones.",
        "positive": "Non-entropic theory of rubber elasticity: flexible chains grafted on a\n  rigid surface: The elastic response is studied of a single flexible chain grafted on a rigid\nplane and an ensemble of non-interacting tethered chains. It is demonstrated\nthat the entropic theory of rubber elasticity leads to conclusions that\ndisagree with experimental data. A modification of the conventional approach is\nproposed, where the end-to-end distribution function (treated as the governing\nparameter) is replaced by the average energy of a chain. It is revealed that\nthis refinement ensures an adequate description of the mechanical behavior of\nflexible chains. Results of numerical simulation are compared with observations\non uniaxial compression of a layer of grafted chains, and an acceptable\nagreement is shown between the model predictions and the experimental data.\nBased on the analysis of combined compression and shear, a novel\nmicro-mechanism is proposed for the reduction of friction of polymer melts at\nrigid walls."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Delayed feedback induced directed inertia particle transport in a\n  washboard potential: We consider motion of an underdamped Brownian particle in a washboard\npotential that is subjected to an unbiased time-periodic external field. While\nin the limiting deterministic system in dependence of the strength and phase of\nthe external field directed net motion can exist, for a finite temperature the\nnet motion averages to zero. Strikingly, with the application of an additional\ntime-delayed feedback term directed particle motion can be accomplished\npersisting up to fairly high levels of the thermal noise. In detail, there\nexist values of the feedback strength and delay time for which the feedback\nterm performs oscillations that are phase locked to the time-periodic external\nfield. This yields an effective biasing rocking force promoting periods of\nforward and backward motion of distinct duration, and thus directed motion. In\nterms of phase space dynamics we demonstrate that with applied feedback\ndesymmetrization of coexisting attractors takes place leaving the ones\nsupporting either positive or negative velocities as the only surviving ones.\nMoreover, we found parameter ranges for which in the presence of thermal noise\nthe directed transport is enhanced compared to the noise-less case.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation relations for equilibrium states with broken discrete or\n  continuous symmetries: Isometric fluctuation relations are deduced for the fluctuations of the order\nparameter in equilibrium systems of condensed-matter physics with broken\ndiscrete or continuous symmetries. These relations are similar to their\nanalogues obtained for non-equilibrium systems where the broken symmetry is\ntime reversal. At equilibrium, these relations show that the ratio of the\nprobabilities of opposite fluctuations goes exponentially with the\nsymmetry-breaking external field and the magnitude of the fluctuations. These\nrelations are applied to the Curie-Weiss, Heisenberg, and $XY$~models of\nmagnetism where the continuous rotational symmetry is broken, as well as to the\n$q$-state Potts model and the $p$-state clock model where discrete symmetries\nare broken. Broken symmetries are also considered in the anisotropic\nCurie-Weiss model. For infinite systems, the results are calculated using\nlarge-deviation theory. The relations are also applied to mean-field models of\nnematic liquid crystals where the order parameter is tensorial. Moreover, their\nextension to quantum systems is also deduced."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Overdamped stochastic thermodynamics with multiple reservoirs: After establishing stochastic thermodynamics for underdamped Langevin systems\nin contact with multiple reservoirs, we derive its overdamped limit using\ntimescale separation techniques. The overdamped theory is different from the\nnaive theory that one obtains when starting from overdamped Langevin or\nFokker-Planck dynamics and only coincide with it in presence of a single\nreservoir. The reason is that the coarse-grained fast momenta dynamics reaches\na nonequilibrium state which conducts heat in presence of multiple reservoirs.\nThe underdamped and overdamped theory are both shown to satisfy fundamental\nfluctuation theorems. Their predictions for the heat statistics are derived\nanalytically for a Brownian particle on a ring in contact with two reservoirs\nand subjected to a non-conservative force and are shown to coincide in the\nlong-time limit.",
        "positive": "Influence of layer defects on the damping in ferroelectric thin films: A Green's function technique for a modified Ising model in a transverse field\nis applied, which allows to calculate the damping of the elementary excitations\nand the phase transition temperature of ferroelectric thin films with\nstructural defects. Based on an analytical expression for the damping function,\nwe analyze its dependence on temperature, film thickness and interaction\nstrength numerically. The results demonstrate that defect layers in\nferroelectric thin films, layers with impurities or vacancies as well as layers\nwith dislocations are able to induce a strong increase of the damping due to\ndifferent exchange interactions within the defect layers. The results are in\ngood agreement with experimental data for thin ferroelectric films with\ndifferent thickness."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An entropic approach to analyze phase transitions in the q = 3 Potts\n  model: Boltzmann's microcanonical entropy is the link between statistical physics\nand thermodynamics, forasmuch as the behavior of any thermodynamic quantity is\ndirectly related to the number of microscopic configurations. Accordingly, in\nthis work, we investigate the behavior of the logarithm of the density of\nstates of the three-state Potts model with an external field applied to one of\nthe states using joint entropic simulations based on the Wang-Landau algorithm.\nOur analysis reveals that the microcanonical entropy curve is detachable, and\neach resulting path is related to the formation of clusters. Such a description\nis consistent with the energy-entropy argument related to the inception of a\nphase transition. When the external field is reversed and strong, the observed\nphase transition is from an ordered configuration to cluster formations. The\nbehavior of the microcanonical inverse temperature indicates both first and\nsecond-order phase transitions occurring at different temperatures for high\nvalues of the external field.",
        "positive": "Activity induced phase separation: We consider a mixture of passive (i.e., Brownian) and active (e.g., bacterial\nor colloidal swimmers) particles, and analyze the stability conditions of\neither uniformly mixed or phase segregated steady states consisting of phases\nenriched with different types of particles. We show that in sufficiently dilute\nmixtures the system behaves as if it were exposed to two separate heat baths of\nuneven temperatures. It can be described within a second virial approximation\nneglecting three body and higher order collisions. In this approximation, we\ndefine non-equilibrium \"chemical potentials\" whose gradients govern diffusion\nfluxes and a non-equilibrium \"osmotic pressure\", which governs the mechanical\nstability of the interface."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anisotropic Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition Induced by Hard-Wall\n  Boundaries: The spatial dependence of the superfluid density is calculated for the\nKosterlitz-Thouless transition in the presence of hard-wall boundaries, for the\ncase of a single wall bounding the half-infinite plane, and for a superfluid\nstrip bounded by two walls. The boundaries induce additional vortices that\ncause the superfluid density to become anisotropic, with the tensor component\nperpendicular to the wall falling to zero at the wall, whereas the component\nparallel to the wall remains finite. The effects of the boundaries are found to\nextend over all measured length scales, since the correlation length is\ninfinite in the superfluid phase.",
        "positive": "Spin melting and refreezing driven by uniaxial compression on a dipolar\n  hexagonal plate: We investigate freezing characteristics of a finite dipolar hexagonal plate\nby the Monte Carlo simulation. The hexagonal plate is cut out from a piled\ntriangular lattice of three layers with FCC-like (ABCABC) stacking structure.\nIn the present study an annealing simulation is performed for the dipolar plate\nuniaxially compressed in the direction of layer-piling. We find spin melting\nand refreezing driven by the uniaxial compression. Each of the melting and\nrefreezing corresponds one-to-one with a change of the ground states induced by\ncompression. The freezing temperatures of the ground-state orders differ\nsignificantly from each other, which gives rise to the spin melting and\nrefreezing of the present interest. We argue that these phenomena are\noriginated by a finite size effect combined with peculiar anisotropic nature of\nthe dipole-dipole interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Symmetry of Universal Finite-Size Scaling Functions in\n  Anisotropic Systems: In this work a symmetry of universal finite-size scaling functions under a\ncertain anisotropic scale transformation is postulated. This transformation\nconnects the properties of a finite two-dimensional system at criticality with\ngeneralized aspect ratio $\\rho > 1$ to a system with $\\rho < 1$. The symmetry\nis formulated within a finite-size scaling theory, and expressions for several\nuniversal amplitude ratios are derived. The predictions are confirmed within\nthe exactly solvable weakly anisotropic two-dimensional Ising model and are\nchecked within the two-dimensional dipolar in-plane Ising model using Monte\nCarlo simulations. This model shows a strongly anisotropic phase transition\nwith different correlation length exponents $\\nu_{||} \\neq \\nu_\\perp$ parallel\nand perpendicular to the spin axis.",
        "positive": "Statistics of the largest eigenvalues and singular values of low-rank\n  random matrices with non-negative entries: We compute analytically the distribution and moments of the largest\neigenvalues/singular values and resolvent statistics for random matrices with\n(i) non-negative entries, (ii) small rank, and (iii) prescribed sums of\nrows/columns. Applications are discussed in the context of Mean First Passage\nTime of random walkers on networks, and the calculation of network \"influence\"\nmetrics. The analytical results are corroborated by numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "(Non) equilibrium dynamics: a (broken) symmetry of the Keldysh\n  generating functional: We unveil the universal (model-independent) symmetry satisfied by\nSchwinger-Keldysh quantum field theories whenever they describe equilibrium\ndynamics. This is made possible by a generalization of the Schwinger-Keldysh\npath-integral formalism in which the physical time can be re-parametrized to\narbitrary contours in the complex plane. Strong relations between correlation\nfunctions, such as the fluctuation-dissipation theorems, are derived as\nimmediate consequences of this symmetry of equilibrium. In this view, quantum\nnon-equilibrium dynamics -- e.g. when driving with a time-dependent potential\n-- are seen as symmetry-breaking processes. The symmetry-breaking terms of the\naction are identified as a measure of irreversibility, or entropy creation,\ndefined at the level of a single quantum trajectory. Moreover, they are shown\nto obey quantum fluctuation theorems. These results extend stochastic\nthermodynamics to the quantum realm.",
        "positive": "Generalized Einstein relation for disordered semiconductors -\n  implications for device performance: The ratio between mobility and diffusion parameters is derived for a\nGaussian-like density of states. This steady-state analysis is expected to be\napplicable to a wide range of organic materials (polymers or small molecules)\nas it relies on the existence of quasi-equilibrium only. Our analysis shows\nthat there is an inherent dependence of the transport in trap-free disordered\norganic-materials on the charge density. The implications for the contact\nphenomena and exciton generation rate in light emitting diodes as well as\nchannel-width in field-effect transistors is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to Frenkel and Warren [arXiv:1403.4299v1]: In their paper [arXiv:1403.4299v1], Frenkel and Warren claim that the Gibbs\ntemperature does not characterize thermal equilibrium correctly. We point out\nthe main logical errors in their argument.",
        "positive": "Breakdown of the adiabatic limit in low dimensional gapless systems: It is generally believed that a generic system can be reversibly transformed\nfrom one state into another by sufficiently slow change of parameters. A\nstandard argument favoring this assertion is based on a possibility to expand\nthe energy or the entropy of the system into the Taylor series in the ramp\nspeed. Here we show that this argumentation is only valid in high enough\ndimensions and can break down in low-dimensional gapless systems. We identify\nthree generic regimes of a system response to a slow ramp: (A) mean-field, (B)\nnon-analytic, and (C) non-adiabatic. In the last regime the limits of the ramp\nspeed going to zero and the system size going to infinity do not commute and\nthe adiabatic process does not exist in the thermodynamic limit. We support our\nresults by numerical simulations. Our findings can be relevant to\ncondensed-matter, atomic physics, quantum computing, quantum optics, cosmology\nand others."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Commuting quantum transfer matrix approach to intrinsic Fermion system:\n  Correlation length of a spinless Fermion model: The quantum transfer matrix (QTM) approach to integrable lattice Fermion\nsystems is presented. As a simple case we treat the spinless Fermion model with\nrepulsive interaction in critical regime. We derive a set of non-linear\nintegral equations which characterize the free energy and the correlation\nlength of $<c_j^{\\dagger}c_i>$ for arbitrary particle density at any finite\ntemperatures. The correlation length is determined by solving the integral\nequations numerically. Especially in low temperature limit this result agrees\nwith the prediction from conformal field theory (CFT) with high accuracy.",
        "positive": "High temperature study of the Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition in\n  the XY model on the triangular lattice: High temperature series expansions of the spin-spin correlation function for\nthe XY (or plane rotator) model on the triangular lattice are extended by two\nterms up to order beta^{14}. Tables of the expansion coefficients are reported\nfor the correlation function spherical moments of order l=0 and 2. Our analysis\nof the series supports the Kosterlitz-Thouless predictions on the structure of\nthe critical singularities and leads to fairly accurate estimates of the\ncritical parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical line of the triangular Ising antiferromagnet in a field from a\n  $C_3$-symmetric corner transfer matrix algorithm: The corner transfer matrix renormalization group (CTMRG) algorithm has been\nextensively used to investigate both classical and quantum two-dimensional (2D)\nlattice models. The convergence of the algorithm can strongly vary from model\nto model depending on the underlying geometry and symmetries, and the presence\nof algebraic correlations. An important factor in the convergence of the\nalgorithm is the lattice symmetry, which can be broken due to the necessity of\nmapping the problem onto the square lattice. We propose a variant of the CTMRG\nalgorithm, designed for models with $C_3$-symmetry, which we apply to the\nconceptually simple yet numerically challenging problem of the triangular\nlattice Ising antiferromagnet in a field, at zero and low temperatures. We\nstudy how the finite-temperature three-state Potts critical line in this model\napproaches the ground-state Kosterlitz-Thouless transition driven by a reduced\nfield ($h/T$). In this particular instance, we show that the $C_3$-symmetric\nCTMRG leads to much more precise results than both existing results from exact\ndiagonalization of transfer matrices and Monte Carlo.",
        "positive": "Duality mapping and unbinding transitions of semiflexible and directed\n  polymers: Directed polymers (strings) and semiflexible polymers (filaments) are\none-dimensional objects governed by tension and bending energy, respectively.\nThey undergo unbinding transitions in the presence of a short-range attractive\npotential. Using transfer matrix methods we establish a duality mapping for\nfilaments and strings between the restricted partition sums in the absence and\nthe presence of a short-range attraction. This allows us to obtain exact\nresults for the critical exponents related to the unbinding transition, the\ntransition point and transition order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Prior Measure for Nonextensive Entropy: We show that if one uses the invariant form of the Boltzmann-Shannon\ncontinuous entropy, it is possible to obtain the generalized Pareto-Tsallis\ndensity function, using an appropriate \"prior\" measure m_{q}(x) and a \"Boltzman\nconstraint\" which formally is equivalent to the Tsallis q-average constraint on\nthe random variable X. We derive the Tsallis prior function and study its\nscaling asymptotic behavior. When the entropic index q tends to 1, m_{q}(x)\ntends to 1 for all values of x as this should be.",
        "positive": "Ergodicity, eigenstate thermalization, and the foundations of\n  statistical mechanics in quantum and classical systems: Boltzmann's ergodic hypothesis furnishes a possible explanation for the\nemergence of statistical mechanics in the framework of classical physics. In\nquantum mechanics, the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) is instead\ngenerally considered as a possible route to thermalization. This is because the\nnotion of ergodicity itself is vague in the quantum world and it is often\nsimply taken as a synonym for thermalization. Here we show, in an elementary\nway, that when quantum ergodicity is properly defined, it is, in fact,\nequivalent to ETH. In turn, ergodicity is equivalent to thermalization, thus\nimplying the equivalence of thermalization and ETH. This result previously\nappeared in [De Palma et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 220401 (2015)], but becomes\nparticularly clear in the present context. We also show that it is possible to\ndefine a classical analogue of ETH which is implicitly assumed to be satisfied\nwhen constructing classical statistical mechanics. Classical and quantum\nstatistical mechanics are built according to the familiar standard\nprescription. This prescription, however, is ontologically justified only in\nthe quantum world."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Olami-Feder-Christensen earthquake model in one dimension: We study the earthquake model by Olami, Feder and Christensen in one\ndimension. While the size distribution of earthquakes resembles a power law for\nsmall system sizes, it splits for larger system sizes into two parts, one\ncomprising small avalanches and showing a size independent cutoff, and the\nother comprising avalanches of the order of the system size. We identify four\ndifferent types of attractors of the dynamics of the system which already exist\nfor very small systems. For larger system sizes, these attractors contain large\nsynchronized regions.",
        "positive": "Coefficient of performance under optimized figure of merit in minimally\n  nonlinear irreversible refrigerator: We apply the model of minimally nonlinear irreversible heat engines developed\nby Izumida and Okuda [EPL {\\bf 97}, 10004 (2012)] to refrigerators. The model\nassumes extended Onsager relations including a new nonlinear term accounting\nfor dissipation effects. The bounds for the optimized regime under an\nappropriate figure of merit and the tight-coupling condition are analyzed and\nsuccessfully compared with those obtained previously for low-dissipation Carnot\nrefrigerators in the finite-time thermodynamics framework. Besides, we study\nthe bounds for the nontight-coupling case numerically. We also introduce a\nleaky low-dissipation Carnot refrigerator and show that it serves as an example\nof the minimally nonlinear irreversible refrigerator, by calculating its\nOnsager coefficients explicitly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Excitations and ergodicity of critical quantum spin chains from\n  non-equilibrium classical dynamics: We study a quantum spin-1/2 chain that is dual to the canonical problem of\nnon-equilibrium Kawasaki dynamics of a classical Ising chain coupled to a\nthermal bath. The Hamiltonian is obtained for the general disordered case with\nnon-uniform Ising couplings. The quantum spin chain (dubbed Ising-Kawasaki) is\nstoquastic, and depends on the Ising couplings normalized by the bath's\ntemperature. We give its exact ground states. Proceeding with uniform\ncouplings, we study the one- and two-magnon excitations. Solutions for the\nlatter are derived via a Bethe Ansatz scheme. In the antiferromagnetic regime,\nthe two-magnon branch states show intricate behavior, especially regarding\ntheir hybridization with the continuum. We find that that the gapless chain\nhosts multiple dynamics at low energy as seen through the presence of multiple\ndynamical critical exponents. Finally, we analyze the full energy level spacing\ndistribution as a function of the Ising coupling. We conclude that the system\nis non-integrable for generic parameters, or equivalently, that the\ncorresponding non-equilibrium classical dynamics are ergodic.",
        "positive": "Two-bath spin-boson model: Phase diagram and critical properties: The spin-boson model, describing a two-level system coupled to a bath of\nharmonic oscillators, is a generic model for quantum dissipation, with manifold\napplications. It has also been studied as a simple example for an impurity\nquantum phase transition. Here we present a detailed study of a U(1)-symmetric\ntwo-bath spin-boson model, where two different components of an SU(2) spin 1/2\nare coupled to separate dissipative baths. Non-trivial physics arises from the\ncompetition of the two dissipation channels, resulting in a variety of phases\nand quantum phase transitions. We employ a combination of analytical and\nnumerical techniques to determine the properties of both the stable phases and\nthe quantum critical points. In particular, we find a critical\nintermediate-coupling phase which is bounded by a continuous quantum phase\ntransition which violates the quantum-to-classical correspondence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometrically constrained statistical systems on regular and random\n  lattices: From folding to meanders: We review a number a recent advances in the study of two-dimensional\nstatistical models with strong geometrical constraints. These include folding\nproblems of regular and random lattices as well as the famous meander problem\nof enumerating the topologically inequivalent configurations of a meandering\nroad crossing a straight river through a given number of bridges. All these\nproblems turn out to have reformulations in terms of fully packed loop models\nallowing for a unified Coulomb gas description of their statistical properties.\nA number of exact results and physically motivated conjectures are presented in\ndetail, including the remarkable meander configuration exponent\nalpha=(29+sqrt(145))/12.",
        "positive": "Real-time spin-charge separation in one-dimensional Fermi gases from\n  generalized hydrodynamics: We revisit early suggestions to observe spin-charge separation (SCS) in\ncold-atom settings {in the time domain} by studying one-dimensional repulsive\nFermi gases in a harmonic potential, where pulse perturbations are initially\ncreated at the center of the trap. We analyze the subsequent evolution using\ngeneralized hydrodynamics (GHD), which provides an exact description, at large\nspace-time scales, for arbitrary temperature $T$, particle density, and\ninteractions. At $T=0$ and vanishing magnetic field, we find that, after a\nnontrivial transient regime, spin and charge dynamically decouple up to\nperturbatively small corrections which we quantify. In this limit, our results\ncan be understood based on a simple phase-space hydrodynamic picture. At finite\ntemperature, we solve numerically the GHD equations, showing that for low $T>0$\neffects of SCS survive and {characterize} explicitly the value of $T$ for which\nthe two distinguishable excitations melt."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information Shift Dynamics Described by Tsallis $q=3$ Entropy on a\n  Compact Phase Space: Recent mathematical investigations have shown that under very general\nconditions exponential mixing implies the Bernoulli property. As a concrete\nexample of a statistical mechanics which is exponentially mixing we consider a\nBernoulli shift dynamics by Chebyshev maps of arbitrary order $N\\geq 2$, which\nmaximizes Tsallis $q=3$ entropy rather than the ordinary $q=1$ Boltzmann-Gibbs\nentropy. Such an information shift dynamics may be relevant in a pre-universe\nbefore ordinary space-time is created. We discuss symmetry properties of the\ncoupled Chebyshev systems, which are different for even and odd $N$. We show\nthat the value of the fine structure constant $\\alpha_{el}=1/137$ is\ndistinguished as a coupling constant in this context, leading to uncorrelated\nbehaviour in the spatial direction of the corresponding coupled map lattice for\n$N=3$.",
        "positive": "Optimization and plasticity in disordered media: We study the plastic yielding of disordered media using the perfectly plastic\nrandom fuse model. The yield surfaces are shown to be different from those\nobtained minimizing the sum of the local yield thresholds, i.e. the so-called\nminimum 'energy' surfaces. As a result, the global yield stress is lower than\nexpected from naive optimization and the difference persists as the sample size\nincreases. At variance with minimum energy surfaces, height-height fluctuations\nof yield surfaces exhibit multiscaling. We provide a theoretical argument that\nexplains how this behavior arises from the very different nature of the\noptimization problem in both cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equivalence of stationary state ensembles: We show that the contact process in an ensemble with conserved total particle\nnumber, as simulated recently by Tome and de Oliveira [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86\n(2001) 5463], is equivalent to the ordinary contact process, in agreement with\nwhat the authors assumed and believed. Similar conserved ensembles and\nequivalence proofs are easily constructed for other models.",
        "positive": "Dissipation-driven phase transition in 2D Josephson arrays: We analyze the interplay of dissipative and quantum effects in the proximity\nof a quantum phase transition. The prototypical system is a resistively shunted\ntwo-dimensional Josephson junction array, studied by means of an advanced\nFourier path-integral Monte Carlo algorithm. The reentrant\nsuperconducting-to-normal phase transition driven by quantum fluctuations,\nrecently discovered in the limit of infinite shunt resistance, persists for\nmoderate dissipation strength but disappears in the limit of small resistance.\nFor large quantum coupling our numerical results show that, beyond a critical\ndissipation strength, the superconducting phase is always stabilized at\nsufficiently low temperature. Our phase diagram explains recent experimental\nfindings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical free energy and Casimir forces in rectangular geometries: We study the critical behavior of the free energy and the thermodynamic\nCasimir force in a $L_\\parallel^{d-1} \\times L$ block geometry in $2<d<4$\ndimensions with aspect ratio $\\rho=L/L_\\parallel$ above, at, and below $T_c$ on\nthe basis of the O$(n)$ symmetric $\\phi^4$ lattice model with periodic boundary\nconditions (b.c.). We consider a simple-cubic lattice with isotropic\nshort-range interactions. Exact results are derived in the large - $n$ limit\ndescribing the geometric crossover from film ($\\rho =0$) over cubic $\\rho=1$ to\ncylindrical ($\\rho = \\infty$) geometries. For $n=1$, three perturbation\napproaches are presented that cover both the central finite-size regime near\n$T_c$ for $1/4 \\lesssim \\rho \\lesssim 3$ and the region outside the central\nfinite-size regime well above and below $T_c$ for arbitrary $\\rho$. At bulk\n$T_c$ of isotropic systems with periodic b.c., we predict the critical Casimir\nforce in the vertical $(L)$ direction to be negative (attractive) for a slab\n($\\rho < 1$), positive (repulsive) for a rod ($\\rho > 1$), and zero for a cube\n$(\\rho=1)$. We also present extrapolations to the cylinder limit\n($\\rho=\\infty$) and to the film limit ($\\rho=0$) for $n=1$ and $d=3$. Our\nanalytic results for finite-size scaling functions in the minimal\nrenormalization scheme at fixed dimension $d=3$ agree well with Monte Carlo\ndata for the three-dimensional Ising model by Hasenbusch for $\\rho=1$ and by\nVasilyev et al. for $\\rho=1/6$ above, at, and below $T_c$.",
        "positive": "Broad Histogram Method for Multiparametric Hamiltonians: We extended the Broad Histogram Method in order to obtain spectral\ndegeneracies for systems with multiparametric Hamiltonians. As examples we\nobtained the critical lines for the square lattice Ising model with nearest and\nnext-nearest neighbor interactions and the antiferromagnetic Ising model in an\nexternal field. For each system, the entire critical line is obtained using\ndata from a single computer run. We also discuss the accuracy and efficiency of\nour method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Phase transitions in Kuramoto model with distributed Sakaguchi\n  phase: In this numerical work we have systematically studied the dynamical phase\ntransitions in the Kuramoto- Sakaguchi model of synchronizing phase oscillators\ncontrolled by disorder in the Sakaguchi phases. We find out the numerical\nsteady state phase diagrams for quenched and annealed kinds of disorder in the\nSakaguchi parameters using the conventional order parameter and other\nstatistical quantities like strength of incoherence and discontinuity measures.\nWe have also considered the correlation profile of the local order parameter\nfluctuations in the various identified phases. The phase diagrams for quenched\ndisorder is qualitatively much different than those the global coupling regime.\nThe order of various transitions are confirmed by a study of the distribution\nof the order parameter and its fourth order Binder cumulant across the\ntransition for an ensemble of initial distribution of phases. For annealed type\nof disorder, in contrast to the case with the quenched disorder, the system is\nalmost insensitive to the amount of disorder. We also elucidate the role of\nchimeralike states in the synchronizing transition of the system and study the\neffect of disorder on these states. Finally, we seek justification of our\nresults from simulations guided by the Ott-Antonsen ansatz.",
        "positive": "Effects of an external drive on the fluctuation-dissipation relation of\n  phase-ordering systems: The relation between the autocorrelation $C(t,t_w)$ and the integrated linear\nresponse function $\\chi(t,t_w)$ is studied in the context of the large-N model\nfor phase-ordering systems subjected to a shear flow. In the high temperature\nphase $T>T_c$ a non-equilibrium stationary state is entered which is\ncharacterized by a non-trivial fluctuation-dissipation relation $\\chi\n(t-t_w)=\\tilde \\chi(C(t-t_w))$. For quenches below $T_c$ the splitting of the\norder parameter field into two statistically independent components,\nresponsible for the stationary $C^{st}(t-t_w)$ and aging $C^{ag}(t/t_w)$ part\nof the autocorrelation function, can be explicitly exhibited in close analogy\nwith the undriven case. In the regime $t-t_w\\ll t_w$ the same relation $\\chi\n(t-t_w)=\\tilde \\chi (C^{st}(t-t_w))$ is found between the response and\n$C^{st}(t-t_w)$, as for $T>T_c$ . The aging part of $\\chi (t,t_w)$ is\nnegligible for $t_w\\to \\infty$, as without drive, resulting in a flat $\\chi\n(C)$ in the aging regime $t-t_w\\gg t_w$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Weighted Permutation Entropy: A novel heuristic approach is proposed here for time series data analysis,\ndubbed Generalized weighted permutation entropy, which amalgamates and\ngeneralizes beyond their original scope two well established data analysis\nmethods: Permutation entropy, and Weighted permutation entropy. The method\nintroduces a scaling parameter to discern the disorder and complexity of\nordinal patterns with small and large fluctuations. Using this scaling\nparameter, the complexity-entropy causality plane is generalized to the\ncomplexity-entropy-scale causality box. Simulations conducted on synthetic\nseries generated by stochastic, chaotic, and random processes, as well as real\nworld data, are shown to produce unique signatures in this three dimensional\nrepresentation.",
        "positive": "Spin relaxation in phase space: We have treated numerous illustrative examples of spin relaxation problems\nusing Wigner's phase-space formulation of quantum mechanics of particles and\nspins. The merit of the phase space formalism as applied to spin relaxation\nproblems is that only master equations for the phase-space distributions akin\nto Fokker-Planck equations for the evolution of classical phase-space\ndistributions in configuration space are involved so that operators are\nunnecessary. The explicit solution of these equations can be expanded for an\narbitrary spin Hamiltonian in a finite series of spherical harmonics like in\nthe classical case. The expansion coefficients (statistical moments or averages\nof the spherical harmonics which are obviously by virtue of the\nWigner-Stratonovich map the averages of the polarization operators) may be\ndetermined from differential-recurrence relations in a manner similar to the\nclassical case. Furthermore, the phase space representation via the Weyl\nsymbols of the relevant spin operators suggests how powerful computation\ntechniques developed for Fokker-Planck equations (matrix continued fractions,\nmean first passage time, etc.) may be transparently extended to the quantum\ndomain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Game-driven random walks: Survival time statistics: Random walks are powerful tools to analyze spatial-temporal patterns produced\nby living organisms ranging from cells to humans. At the same time, it is\nevident that these patterns are not completely random but are results of a\nconvolution of organisms' sensor-based information processing and motility. The\ncomplexity of the first component is reflected in the statistical\ncharacteristics of trajectories produced by an organism -- when it is, e.g.,\nforaging or searching for a mate (or a pathogen) -- and therefore some\nknowledge about the component can be obtained by analyzing the trajectories\nwith the standard toolbox of methods used for random walks. Here we consider\ntrajectories which appear as the results of a game played by two players on a\nfinite square lattice. One player wants to survive, i. e., to stay within the\ninterior of the square, as long as possible while another one wants to reach\nthe adsorbing boundary. A game starts from the center of the square and every\nnext movement of the point is determined by independent strategy choices made\nby the players. The value of the game is the survival time that is the number\nof steps before the adsorption happens. We present the results of a series of\nexperiments involving both human players and an autonomous agent (bot) and\nconcentrate on the probability distribution of the survival time. This\ndistribution indicate that the process we are dealing with is more complex than\nthe standard random walks.",
        "positive": "Contact processes with competitive dynamics in bipartite lattices:\n  Effects of distinct interactions: The two-dimensional contact process (CP) with a competitive dynamics proposed\nby Martins {\\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 84}, 011125(2011)] leads to the\nappearance of an unusual active asymmetric phase, in which the system\nsublattices are unequally populated. It differs from the usual CP only by the\nfact that particles also interact with their next-nearest neighbor sites via a\ndistinct strength creation rate and for the inclusion of an inhibition effect,\nproportional to the local density. Aimed at investigating the robustness of\nsuch asymmetric phase, in this paper we study the influence of distinct\ninteractions for two bidimensional CPs. In the first model, the interaction\nbetween first neighbors requires a minimal neighborhood of adjacent particles\nfor creating new offspring, whereas second neighbors interact as usual (e.g. at\nleast one neighboring particle is required). The second model takes the\nopposite situation, in which the restrictive dynamics is in the interaction\nbetween next-nearest neighbors sites. Both models are investigated under mean\nfield theory (MFT) and Monte Carlo simulations. In similarity with results by\nMartins {\\it et. al.}, the inclusion of distinct sublattice interactions\nmaintain the occurrence of an asymmetric active phase and reentrant transition\nlines. In contrast, remarkable differences are presented, such as discontinuous\nphase transitions (even between the active phases), the appearance of\ntricritical points and the stabilization of active phases under larger values\nof control parameters. Finally, we have shown that the critical behaviors are\nnot altered due to the change of interactions, in which the absorbing\ntransitions belong to the directed percolation (DP) universality class, whereas\nsecond-order active phase transitions belong to the Ising universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complete analysis of ensemble inequivalence in the Blume-Emery-Griffiths\n  model: We study inequivalence of canonical and microcanonical ensembles in the\nmean-field Blume-Emery-Griffiths model. This generalizes previous results\nobtained for the Blume-Capel model. The phase diagram strongly depends on the\nvalue of the biquadratic exchange interaction K, the additional feature present\nin the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model. At small values of K, as for the\nBlume-Capel model, lines of first and second order phase transitions between a\nferromagnetic and a paramagnetic phase are present, separated by a tricritical\npoint whose location is different in the two ensembles. At higher values of K\nthe phase diagram changes substantially, with the appearance of a triple point\nin the canonical ensemble which does not find any correspondence in the\nmicrocanonical ensemble. Moreover, one of the first order lines that starts\nfrom the triple point ends in a critical point, whose position in the phase\ndiagram is different in the two ensembles. This line separates two paramagnetic\nphases characterized by a different value of the quadrupole moment. These\nfeatures were not previously studied for other models and substantially enrich\nthe landscape of ensemble inequivalence, identifying new aspects that had been\ndiscussed in a classification of phase transitions based on singularity theory.\nFinally, we discuss ergodicity breaking, which is highlighted by the presence\nof gaps in the accessible values of magnetization at low energies: it also\ndisplays new interesting patterns that are not present in the Blume-Capel\nmodel.",
        "positive": "Structure, Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity of\n  two-dimensional confined dipolar assemblies: Low temperature properties of harmonically confined two-dimensional\nassemblies of dipolar bosons are systematically investigated by Monte Carlo\nsimulations. Calculations carried out for different numbers of particles and\nstrengths of the confining potential yield evidence of a quantum phase\ntransition from a superfluid to a crystal-like phase, consistently with what is\nobserved in the ho- mogeneous system. It is found that the crystal phase\nnucleates in the center of the trap, as the density increases. Bose-Einstein\ncondensation vanishes at T = 0 upon entering the crystalline phase,\nconcurrently with the disappearance of the superfluid response."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non Super-Cell SuperConductivity Of High Tc Materials: Recently we have described materials interface transport coupling rigorously\nutilizing NEGF nonequilibrium Green's functions, and have discussed the\nHamiltonian terms that from Green's theorem and boundary conditions can be\nrewritten as Self Energy. We derive the application of our theory to the high\n$Tc$ Superconducting materials interfaces that are the composition of the high\ntemperature superconducting materials. The derivation models a non super-cell\ngeometry of plaquettes that will describe the superconducting 2D material in\nabrupt coupling with the material of insulating or normal conducting\ncomposition.",
        "positive": "Connectivity-dependent properties of diluted sytems in a transfer-matrix\n  description: We introduce a new approach to connectivity-dependent properties of diluted\nsystems, which is based on the transfer-matrix formulation of the percolation\nproblem. It simultaneously incorporates the connective properties reflected in\nnon-zero matrix elements and allows one to use standard random-matrix\nmultiplication techniques. Thus it is possible to investigate physical\nprocesses on the percolation structure with the high efficiency and precision\ncharacteristic of transfer-matrix methods, while avoiding disconnections. The\nmethod is illustrated for two-dimensional site percolation by calculating (i)\nthe critical correlation length along the strip, and the finite-size\nlongitudinal DC conductivity: (ii) at the percolation threshold, and (iii) very\nnear the pure-system limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-parameter scaling of correlation functions near continuous phase\n  transitions: We discuss the order parameter correlation function in the vicinity of\ncontinuous phase transitions using a two-parameter scaling form G(k) = k_c^{-2}\ng(k\\xi,k/k_c), where k is the wave-vector, \\xi is the correlation length, and\nthe interaction-dependent non-universal momentum scale k_c remains finite at\nthe critical fixed point. The correlation function describes the entire\ncritical regime and captures the classical to critical crossover. One-parameter\nscaling is recovered only in the limit k/k_c->0. We present an approximate\ncalculation of g(x,y) for the Ising universality class using the functional\nrenormalization group.",
        "positive": "Mobility of Bloch Walls via the Collective Coordinate Method: We have studied the problem of the dissipative motion of Bloch walls\nconsidering a totally anisotropic one dimensional spin chain in the presence of\na magnetic field. Using the so-called \"collective coordinate method\" we\nconstruct an effective Hamiltonian for the Bloch wall coupled to the magnetic\nexcitations of the system. It allows us to analyze the Brownian motion of the\nwall in terms of the reflection coefficient of the effective potential felt by\nthe excitations due to the existence of the wall. We find that for finite\nvalues of the external field the wall mobility is also finite. The spectrum of\nthe potential at large fields is investigated and the dependence of the damping\nconstant on temperature is evaluated. As a result we find the temperature and\nmagnetic field dependence of the wall mobility."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Combinatorics of Hard Particles on Planar Graphs: We revisit the problem of hard particles on planar random tetravalent graphs\nin view of recent combinatorial techniques relating planar diagrams to\ndecorated trees. We show how to recover the two-matrix model solution to this\nproblem in this purely combinatorial language.",
        "positive": "Phase transition in the two-dimensional dipolar Planar Rotator model: In this work we have used extensive Monte Carlo simulations and finite size\nscaling theory to study the phase transition in the dipolar Planar Rotator\nmodel (dPRM), also known as dipolar XY model. The true long-range character of\nthe dipolar interactions were taken into account by using the Ewald summation\ntechnique. Our results for the critical exponents does not fit those from known\nuniversality classes. We observed that the specific heat is apparently\nnon-divergent and the critical exponents are $\\nu=1.277(2)$, $\\beta=0.2065(4)$\nand $\\gamma=2.218(5)$. The critical temperature was found to be $T_c=1.201(1)$.\nOur results are clearly distinct from those of a recent Renormalization Group\nstudy from Maier and Schwabl [PRB 70, 134430 (2004)] and agrees with the\nresults from a previous study of the anisotropic Heisenberg model with dipolar\ninteractions in a bilayer system using a cut-off in the dipolar interactions\n[PRB 79, 054404 (2009)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A quantum heat engine based on dynamical materials design: We propose a novel type of quantum heat engine based on the ultrafast\ndynamical control of the magnetic properties of a nano-scale working body. The\nworking principle relies on nonlinear phononics, an example for dynamical\nmaterials design. We describe the general recipe for identifying candidate\nmaterials, and also propose Cr$_{2}$O$_{3}$ as a promising working body for a\nquantum Otto cycle. Using a spin Hamiltonian as a model for Cr$_{2}$O$_{3}$, we\ninvestigate the performance in terms of efficiency, output power, and quantum\nfriction. To assess the assumptions underlying our effective spin Hamiltonian\nwe also consider a working substance composed of several unit cells. We show\nthat even without an implementation of transitionless driving, the quantum\nfriction is very low compared to the total produced work and the energy cost of\ncounterdiabatic driving is negligible. This is an advantage of the working\nsubstance, as experimentally hard-to-implement shortcuts to adiabaticity are\nnot needed. Moreover, we discuss some remarkable thermodynamic features due to\nthe quantumness of the proposed system such as a non-monotonic dependence of\nthe efficiency on the temperature of the hot-bath. Finally, we explore the\ndependence of the performance on the system parameters for a generic model of\nthis type of quantum heat engine and identify properties of the energy spectrum\nrequired for a well-performing quantum heat engine.",
        "positive": "Chiral universality class behavior of a non-chiral antiferroquadrupole\n  system: The planar Heisenberg system with antiferroquadrupolar exchange on 3D stacked\ntriangular lattice is shown to belong to the new \"chiral\" universality class,\npredicted for chiral antiferromagnets. The present system, however, displays no\nsuch chirality, which, according to the currently widely accepted concept, is\nsupposed to be a key ingredient for the new critical behavior. Our claim that\nthe new universality class should not be limited only to the chiral\nantiferromagnets is based on a simple mapping between the chiral\nantiferromagnetic and antiferroquadrupolar systems and supported by actual\ncalculations of the transition temperatures and critical indices from\nfinite-size scaling analysis of data issued from Histogram Monte Carlo\nsimulations. In order to demonstrate the existence of two different\nuniversality classes in the behavior of quadrupolar systems, the finite-size\nscaling is also performed for the system with ferroquadrupolar exchange, which,\nin contrast to the antiferroquadrupolar exchange system case, produced standard\ncritical behavior, as could also be anticipated from the mapping."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of finite and infinite self-gravitating systems with cold\n  quasi-uniform initial conditions: Purely self-gravitating systems of point particles have been extensively\nstudied in astrophysics and cosmology, mainly through numerical simulations,\nbut understanding of their dynamics still remains extremely limited. We\ndescribe here results of a detailed study of a simple class of cold\nquasi-uniform initial conditions, for both finite open systems and infinite\nsystems. These examples illustrate well the qualitative features of the quite\ndifferent dynamics observed in each case, and also clarify the relation between\nthem. In the finite case our study highlights the potential importance of\nenergy and mass ejection prior to virialization, a phenomenon which has been\npreviously overlooked. We discuss in both cases the validity of a mean-field\nVlasov-Poisson description of the dynamics observed, and specifically the\nquestion of how particle number should be extrapolated to test for it.",
        "positive": "Effect of Disorder in the Frustrated Ising FCC Antiferromagnet: Phase\n  Diagram and Stretched Exponential Relaxation: We study the phase transition in a face-centered-cubic antiferromagnet with\nIsing spins as a function of the concentration $p$ of ferromagnetic bonds\nrandomly introduced into the system. Such a model describes the spin-glass\nphase at strong bond disorder. Using the standard Monte Carlo simulation and\nthe powerful Wang-Landau flat-histogram method, we carry out in this work\nintensive simulations over the whole range of $p$. We show that the first-order\ntransition disappears with a tiny amount of ferromagnetic bonds, namely $p\\sim\n0.01$, in agreement with theories and simulations on other 3D models. The\nantiferromagnetic long-range order is also destroyed with a very small $p$\n($\\simeq 5%$). With increasing $p$, the system changes into a spin glass and\nthen to a ferromagnetic phase when $p>0.65$. The phase diagram in the space\n($T_c,p$) shows an asymmetry, unlike the case of the $\\pm J$ Ising spin glass\non the simple cubic lattice. We calculate the relaxation time around the\nspin-glass transition temperature and we show that the spin autocorrelation\nfollows a stretched exponential relaxation law where the factor $b$ is equal to\n$\\simeq 1/3$ at the transition as suggested by the percolation-based theory.\nThis value is in agreement with experiments performed on various spin glasses\nand with Monte Carlo simulations on different SG models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Annealing: An Overview: In this review, after providing the basic physical concept behind quantum\nannealing (or adiabatic quantum computation), we present an overview of some\nrecent theoretical as well as experimental developments pointing to the issues\nwhich are still debated. With a brief discussion on the fundamental ideas of\ncontinuous and discontinuous quantum phase transitions, we discuss the\nKibble-Zurek scaling of defect generation following a ramping of a quantum many\nbody system across a quantum critical point. In the process, we discuss\nassociated models, both pure and disordered, and shed light on implementations\nand some recent applications of the quantum annealing protocols. Furthermore,\nwe discuss the effect of environmental coupling on quantum annealing. Some\npossible ways to speed up the annealing protocol in closed systems are\nelaborated upon: We especially focus on the recipes to avoid discontinuous\nquantum phase transitions occurring in some models where energy gaps vanish\nexponentially with the system size.",
        "positive": "Deformed Fredkin Spin Chain with Extensive Entanglement: We introduce a new spin chain which is a deformation of the Fredkin spin\nchain and has a phase transition between bounded and extensive entanglement\nentropy scaling. In this chain, spins have a local interaction of three nearest\nneighbors. The Hamiltonian is frustration-free and its ground state can be\ndescribed analytically as a weighted superposition of Dyck paths. In the purely\nspin $1/2$ case, the entanglement entropy obeys an area law: it is bounded from\nabove by a constant, when the size of the block $n$ increases (and $t>1$). When\na local color degree of freedom is introduced the entanglement entropy\nincreases linearly with the size of the block (and $t>1$). The entanglement\nentropy of half of the chain is tightly bounded by ${ n}\\log s$ where $n$ is\nthe size of the block, and $s$ is the number of colors. Our chain fosters a new\nexample for a significant boost to entropy and for the existence of the\nassociated critical rainbow phase where the entanglement entropy scales with\nvolume that has recently been discovered in Zhang et al. (arXiv:1606.07795)"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jump Events in a 3D Edwards-Anderson Spin Glass: The statistical properties of infrequent particle displacements, greater than\na certain distance, is known as jump dynamics in the context of structural\nglass formers. We generalize the concept of jump to the case of a spin glass,\nby dividing the system in small boxes, and considering infrequent cooperative\nspin flips in each box. Jumps defined this way share similarities with jumps in\nstructural glasses. We perform numerical simulations for the 3D\nEdwards-Anderson model, and study how the properties of these jumps depend on\nthe waiting time after a quench. Similar to the results for structural glasses,\nwe find that while jump frequency depends strongly on time, jump duration and\njump length are roughly stationary. At odds with some results reported on\nstudies of structural glass formers, at long enough times, the rest time\nbetween jumps varies as the inverse of jump frequency. We give a possible\nexplanation for this discrepancy. We also find that our results are\nqualitatively reproduced by a fully-connected trap model.",
        "positive": "String percolation threshold for elliptically bounded systems: It has been shown that a hot and dense deconfined nuclear matter state\nproduced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, can be quantitatively\ndescribed by the String Percolation phenomenological model. The model address\nthe phase transition in terms of the two-dimensional continuum percolation\ntheory over strings, which are schematic representations of the fundamental\ninteractions among the partons of the colliding nuclei in the initial state. In\nthis work, we present an extension of the critical string density results\nincluding the eccentricity dependence on the initial state geometry focus on\nsmall string number with different density profile, small deviations from the\ndifferent profile densities are found. The percolation threshold shows\nconsistency with the thermodynamic limit for the uniform density profile with a\nlarge number of strings in the case of circular boundary system. A significant\ndependence on the eccentricity for a small number of strings compared to high\noccupancy systems is exhibited, the implications may become relevant in\nhadron-hadron or hadron-nucleus collision systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strong thermalization of the two-component Bose-Hubbard model at finite\n  temperatures: We study thermalization of a two-component Bose-Hubbard model by exact\ndiagonalization. Initially the two components do not interact and are each at\nequilibrium but with different temperatures. As the on-site inter-component\ninteraction is turned on, perfect thermalization occurs. Remarkably, not merely\nthose simple \"realistic\" physical observables thermalize but even the density\nmatrix of the \\textit{whole} system---the time-averaged density matrix of the\nsystem can be well approximated by that of a canonical ensemble. A conjecture\nabout this fact is put forward.",
        "positive": "Inverse problem for multi-species mean field models in the low\n  temperature phase: In this paper we solve the inverse problem for a class of mean field models\n(Curie-Weiss model and its multi-species version) when multiple thermodynamic\nstates are present, as in the low temperature phase where the phase space is\nclustered. The inverse problem consists in reconstructing the model parameters\nstarting from configuration data generated according to the distribution of the\nmodel. We show that the application of the inversion procedure without taking\ninto account the presence of many states produces very poor inference results.\nThis problem is overcomed using the clustering algorithm. When the system has\ntwo symmetric states of positive and negative magnetization, the parameter\nreconstruction can be also obtained with smaller computational effort simply by\nflipping the sign of the magnetizations from positive to negative (or\nviceversa). The parameter reconstruction fails when the system is critical: in\nthis case we give the correct inversion formulas for the Curie-Weiss model and\nwe show that they can be used to measuring how much the system is close to\ncriticality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multicritical edge statistics for the momenta of fermions in\n  non-harmonic traps: We compute the joint statistics of the momenta $p_i$ of $N$ non-interacting\nfermions in a trap, near the Fermi edge, with a particular focus on the largest\none $p_{\\max}$. For a $1d$ harmonic trap, momenta and positions play a\nsymmetric role and hence, the joint statistics of momenta is identical to that\nof the positions. In particular, $p_{\\max}$, as $x_{\\max}$, is distributed\naccording to the Tracy-Widom distribution. Here we show that novel \"momentum\nedge statistics\" emerge when the curvature of the potential vanishes, i.e. for\n\"flat traps\" near their minimum, with $V(x) \\sim x^{2n}$ and $n>1$. These are\nbased on generalisations of the Airy kernel that we obtain explicitly. The\nfluctuations of $p_{\\max}$ are governed by new universal distributions\ndetermined from the $n$-th member of the second Painlev\\'e hierarchy of\nnon-linear differential equations, with connections to multicritical random\nmatrix models. Finite temperature extensions and possible experimental\nsignatures in cold atoms are discussed.",
        "positive": "The Single Big Jump Principle in Physical Modelling: The big jump principle is a well established mathematical result for sums of\nindependent and identically distributed random variables extracted from a fat\ntailed distribution. It states that the tail of the distribution of the sum is\nthe same as the distribution of the largest summand. In practice, it means that\nwhen in a stochastic process the relevant quantity is a sum of variables, the\nmechanism leading to rare events is peculiar: instead of being caused by a set\nof many small deviations all in the same direction, one jump, the biggest of\nthe lot, provides the main contribution to the rare large fluctuation. We\nreformulate and elevate the big jump principle beyond its current status to\nallow it to deal with correlations, finite cutoffs, continuous paths, memory\nand quenched disorder. Doing so we are able to predict rare events using the\nextended big jump principle in L\\'evy walks, in a model of laser cooling, in a\nscattering process on a heterogeneous structure and in a class of L\\'evy walks\nwith memory. We argue that the generalized big jump principle can serve as an\nexcellent guideline for reliable estimates of risk and probabilities of rare\nevents in many complex processes featuring heavy tailed distributions, ranging\nfrom contamination spreading to active transport in the cell."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Construction of exact constants of motion and effective models for\n  many-body localized systems: One of the defining features of many-body localization is the presence of\nextensively many quasi-local conserved quantities. These constants of motion\nconstitute a corner-stone to an intuitive understanding of much of the\nphenomenology of many-body localized systems arising from effective\nHamiltonians. They may be seen as local magnetization operators smeared out by\na quasi-local unitary. However, accurately identifying such constants of motion\nremains a challenging problem. Current numerical constructions often capture\nthe conserved operators only approximately restricting a conclusive\nunderstanding of many-body localization. In this work, we use methods from the\ntheory of quantum many-body systems out of equilibrium to establish a new\napproach for finding a complete set of exact constants of motion which are in\naddition guaranteed to represent Pauli-$z$ operators. By this we are able to\nconstruct and investigate the proposed effective Hamiltonian using exact\ndiagonalization. Hence, our work provides an important tool expected to further\nboost inquiries into the breakdown of transport due to quenched disorder.",
        "positive": "Generalized belief propagation for the magnetization of the simple cubic\n  Ising model: A new approximation of the cluster variational method is introduced for the\nthree-dimensional Ising model on the simple cubic lattice. The maximal cluster\nis, as far as we know, the largest ever used in this method. A message-passing\nalgorithm, generalized belief propagation, is used to minimize the variational\nfree energy. Convergence properties and performance of the algorithm are\ninvestigated. The approximation is used to compute the spontaneous\nmagnetization, which is then compared to previous results. Using the present\nresults as the last step in a sequence of three cluster variational\napproximations, an extrapolation is obtained which captures the leading\ncritical behaviour with a good accuracy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Role of Substrate Corrugations in Helium Monolayer Solidification: We investigate the first layer of helium adsorbed on graphite with\npath-integral Monte Carlo, examining the role of substrate corrugations on the\nphase diagram. When no corrugations are present, the equilibrium state of the\nsystem is a liquid phase, with solidification occurring only under compression\nbut before layer promotion. We determine the solid-liquid coexistence region\nand compare our results to recent Green's function Monte Carlo calculations on\nthe same system. When substrate corrugations are included, we find that the\nequilibrium phase is the $\\sqrt 3 \\times \\sqrt3$ commensurate solid phase that\nis well known from experiment. The melting behavior, heat capacity, and single\nparticle binding energy are determined and compared to experiment. We further\nfind that for densities below the commensurate coverage, the low temperature\nphase of the system consists of solid clusters in coexistence with coalesced\nvacancies. We find no first layer liquid phase and so no superfluidity in this\nlayer, in contrast to some rather recent suggestions.",
        "positive": "Bose condensates in a harmonic trap near the critical temperature: The mean-field properties of finite-temperature Bose-Einstein gases confined\nin spherically symmetric harmonic traps are surveyed numerically. The solutions\nof the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) and Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) equations for\nthe condensate and low-lying quasiparticle excitations are calculated\nself-consistently using the discrete variable representation, while the most\nhigh-lying states are obtained with a local density approximation. Consistency\nof the theory for temperatures through the Bose condensation point requires\nthat the thermodynamic chemical potential differ from the eigenvalue of the GP\nequation; the appropriate modifications lead to results that are continuous as\na function of the particle interactions. The HFB equations are made gapless\neither by invoking the Popov approximation or by renormalizing the particle\ninteractions. The latter approach effectively reduces the strength of the\neffective scattering length, increases the number of condensate atoms at each\ntemperature, and raises the value of the transition temperature relative to the\nPopov approximation. The renormalization effect increases approximately with\nthe log of the atom number, and is most pronounced at temperatures near the\ntransition. Comparisons with the results of quantum Monte Carlo calculations\nand various local density approximations are presented, and experimental\nconsequences are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Statistics Variational Perturbation Approximation using\n  q-Deformed Calculus: A principled framework to generalize variational perturbation approximations\n(VPA's) formulated within the ambit of the nonadditive statistics of Tsallis\nstatistics, is introduced. This is accomplished by operating on the terms\nconstituting the perturbation expansion of the generalized free energy (GFE)\nwith a variational procedure formulated using \\emph{q-deformed calculus}. A\ncandidate \\textit{q-deformed} generalized VPA (GVPA) is derived with the aid of\nthe Hellmann-Feynman theorem. The generalized Bogoliubov inequality for the\napproximate GFE are derived for the case of canonical probability densities\nthat maximize the Tsallis entropy. Numerical examples demonstrating the\napplication of the \\textit{q-deformed} GVPA are presented. The qualitative\ndistinctions between the \\textit{q-deformed} GVPA model \\textit{vis-\\'{a}-vis}\nprior GVPA models are highlighted.",
        "positive": "Three-dimensional Random Voronoi Tessellations: From Cubic Crystal\n  Lattices to Poisson Point Processes: We perturb the SC, BCC, and FCC crystal structures with a spatial Gaussian\nnoise whose adimensional strength is controlled by the parameter a, and analyze\nthe topological and metrical properties of the resulting Voronoi Tessellations\n(VT). The topological properties of the VT of the SC and FCC crystals are\nunstable with respect to the introduction of noise, because the corresponding\npolyhedra are geometrically degenerate, whereas the tessellation of the BCC\ncrystal is topologically stable even against noise of small but finite\nintensity. For weak noise, the mean area of the perturbed BCC and FCC crystals\nVT increases quadratically with a. In the case of perturbed SCC crystals, there\nis an optimal amount of noise that minimizes the mean area of the cells.\nAlready for a moderate noise (a>0.5), the properties of the three perturbed VT\nare indistinguishable, and for intense noise (a>2), results converge to the\nPoisson-VT limit. Notably, 2-parameter gamma distributions are an excellent\nmodel for the empirical of of all considered properties. The VT of the\nperturbed BCC and FCC structures are local maxima for the isoperimetric\nquotient, which measures the degre of sphericity of the cells, among space\nfilling VT. In the BCC case, this suggests a weaker form of the recentluy\ndisproved Kelvin conjecture. Due to the fluctuations of the shape of the cells,\nanomalous scalings with exponents >3/2 is observed between the area and the\nvolumes of the cells, and, except for the FCC case, also for a->0. In the\nPoisson-VT limit, the exponent is about 1.67. As the number of faces is\npositively correlated with the sphericity of the cells, the anomalous scaling\nis heavily reduced when we perform powerlaw fits separately on cells with a\nspecific number of faces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of spatial bias on the nonequilibrium phase transition in a\n  system of coagulating and fragmenting particles: We examine the effect of spatial bias on a nonequilibrium system in which\nmasses on a lattice evolve through the elementary moves of diffusion,\ncoagulation and fragmentation. When there is no preferred directionality in the\nmotion of the masses, the model is known to exhibit a nonequilibrium phase\ntransition between two different types of steady states, in all dimensions. We\nshow analytically that introducing a preferred direction in the motion of the\nmasses inhibits the occurrence of the phase transition in one dimension, in the\nthermodynamic limit. A finite size system, however, continues to show a\nsignature of the original transition, and we characterize the finite size\nscaling implications of this. Our analysis is supported by numerical\nsimulations. In two dimensions, bias is shown to be irrelevant.",
        "positive": "A Langevin canonical approach to the dynamics of two level systems. I.\n  Populations and coherences: A canonical framework for chiral two--level systems coupled to a bath of\nharmonic oscillators is developed to extract, from a stochastic dynamics, the\nthermodynamic equilibrium values of both the population difference and\ncoherences. The incoherent and coherent tunneling regimes are analyzed for an\nOhmic environment in terms of a critical temperature defined by the maximum of\nthe heat capacity. The corresponding numerical results issued from solving a\nnon-linear coupled system are fitted to approximate path--integral analytical\nexpressions beyond the so-called non-interacting blip approximation in order to\ndetermine the different time scales governing both regimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nature of the spin dynamics and 1/3 magnetization plateau in azurite: We present a specific heat and inelastic neutron scattering study in magnetic\nfields up into the 1/3 magnetization plateau phase of the diamond chain\ncompound azurite Cu$_3$(CO$_3$)$_2$(OH)$_2$. We establish that the\nmagnetization plateau is a dimer-monomer state, {\\it i.e.}, consisting of a\nchain of $S = 1/2$ monomers, which are separated by $S = 0$ dimers on the\ndiamond chain backbone. The effective spin couplings $J_{mono}/k_B = 10.1(2)$ K\nand $J_{dimer}/k_B = 1.8(1)$ K are derived from the monomer and dimer\ndispersions. They are associated to microscopic couplings $J_1/k_B = 1(2)$ K,\n$J_2/k_B = 55(5)$ K and a ferromagnetic $J_3/k_B = -20(5)$ K, possibly as\nresult of $d_{z^2}$ orbitals in the Cu-O bonds providing the superexchange\npathways.",
        "positive": "Fluctuations in an aging system: absence of effective temperature in the\n  sol-gel transition of a quenched gelatin sample: We study the fluctuations of a Brownian micro particle trapped with optical\ntweezers in a gelatin solution undergoing a fast local temperature quench below\nthe sol-gel transition. Contrary to what was previously reported, we observe no\nanomalous fluctuations in the particle's position that could be interpreted in\nterms of an effective temperature. A careful analysis with ensemble averages\nshows only equilibrium-like properties for the fluctuations, even though the\nsystem is clearly aging. We also provide a detailed discussion on possible\nartifacts that could have been interpreted as an effective temperature, such as\nthe presence of a drift or a mixing in time and ensemble averages in data\nanalysis. These considerations are of general interest when dealing with\nnon-ergodic or non-stationary systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical exponents in stochastic sandpile models: We present large scale simulations of a stochastic sandpile model in two\ndimensions. We use moments analysis to evaluate critical exponents and finite\nsize scaling method to consistently test the obtained results. The general\npicture resulting from our analysis allows us to characterize the large scale\nbehavior of the present model with great accuracy.",
        "positive": "Entropy of stationary nonequilibrium measures of boundary driven\n  symmetric simple exclusion processes: We examine the entropy of stationary nonequilibrium measures of boundary\ndriven symmetric simple exclusion processes. In contrast with the\nGibbs--Shannon entropy \\cite{B, DLS2}, the entropy of nonequilibrium stationary\nstates differs from the entropy of local equilibrium states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Roles of stiffness and excluded volume in DNA denaturation: The nature and the universal properties of DNA thermal denaturation are\ninvestigated by Monte Carlo simulations. For suitable lattice models we\ndetermine the exponent c describing the decay of the probability distribution\nof denaturated loops of length l, $P \\sim l^{-c}$. If excluded volume effects\nare fully taken into account, c= 2.10(4) is consistent with a first order\ntransition. The stiffness of the double stranded chain has the effect of\nsharpening the transition, if it is continuous, but not of changing its order\nand the value of the exponent c, which is also robust with respect to inclusion\nof specific base-pair sequence heterogeneities.",
        "positive": "Groups, Information Theory and Einstein's Likelihood Principle: We propose a unifying picture where the notion of generalized entropy is\nrelated to information theory by means of a group-theoretical approach. The\ngroup structure comes from the requirement that an entropy be well defined with\nrespect to the composition of independent systems, in the context of a recently\nproposed generalization of the Shannon-Khinchin axioms. We associate to each\nmember of a large class of entropies a generalized information measure,\nsatisfying the additivity property on a set of independent systems as a\nconsequence of the underlying group law. At the same time, we also show that\nEinstein's likelihood function naturally emerges as a byproduct of our\ninformational interpretation of (generally nonadditive) entropies. These\nresults confirm the adequacy of composable entropies both in physical and\nsocial science contexts."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stationary state of harmonic chains driven by boundary resetting: We study the nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) of an ordered harmonic chain\nof $N$ oscillators connected to two walls which undergo diffusive motion with\nstochastic resetting. The intermittent resettings of the walls effectively\nemulate two nonequilibrium reservoirs that exert temporally correlated forces\non the boundary oscillators. These reservoirs are characterized by the\ndiffusion constant and resetting rates of the walls. We find that, for any\nfinite $N$, the velocity distribution remains non-Gaussian, as evidenced by a\nnon-zero bulk kurtosis that decays $\\sim N^{-1}$. We calculate the\nspatio-temporal correlation of the velocity of the oscillators $\\langle v_l(t)\nv_{l'}(t') \\rangle$ both analytically as well as using numerical simulation.\nThe signature of the boundary resetting is present at the bulk in terms of the\ntwo-time velocity correlation of a single oscillator and the equal-time spatial\nvelocity correlation. For the resetting driven chain, the two-time velocity\ncorrelation decay as $t^{-\\frac{1}{2}}$ at the large time, and there exists a\nnon-zero equal-time spatial velocity correlation $\\langle v_l(t) v_{l'}(t')\n\\rangle$ when $l \\neq l'$. A non-zero average energy current will flow through\nthe system when the boundary walls reset to their initial position at different\nrates. This average energy current can be computed exactly in the thermodynamic\nlimit. Numerically we show that the distribution of the instantaneous energy\ncurrent at the boundary is independent of the system size. However, the\ndistribution of the instantaneous energy current in the bulk approaches a\nstationary distribution in the thermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "The dynamical collision network in granular gases: We dynamically construct the interaction network in a granular gas, using the\nsequence of collisions collected in an MD event driven simulation of inelastic\nhard disks from time 0 till time t. The network is decomposed into its k-core\nstructure: particles in a core of index k have collided at least k times with\nother particles in the same core. The difference between cores k+1 and k is the\nso-called k-shell, and the set of all shells is a complete and on-overlapping\ndecomposition of the system. Because of energy dissipation, the gas cools down:\nits initial spatially homogeneous dynamics, characterized by the Haff law, i.e.\na t^{-2} energy decay, is unstable towards a strongly inhomogeneous phase with\nclusters and vortices, where energy decays as t^{-1}. The clear transition\nbetween those two phases appears in the evolution of the k-shells structure in\nthe collision network. In the homogeneous regime the k-shell structure evolves\nas in a growing network with fixed number of vertices and randomly added links:\nthe shell distribution is strongly peaked around the most populated shell,\nwhich has an index k_{max} ~ 0.9 <d> with <d> the average number of collisions\nexperienced by a particle. During the final non-homogeneous regime a growing\nfraction of collisions is concentrated in small, almost closed, 'communities'\nof particles: k_{max} is no more linear in <d> and the distribution of shells\nbecomes extremely large developing a power-law tail ~ k^{-3} for high shell\nindexes. We propose the k-shell decomposition as a quantitative\ncharacterization of Molecular Chaos violation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Kibble-Zurek Mechanism in a Topological Phase Transition: The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) is generalized to a class of multi-level\nsystems and applied to study the quenching dynamics of one-dimensional (1D)\ntopological superconductors (TS) with open ends. Unlike the periodic boundary\ncondition, the open boundary condition, that is crucial for the zero-mode\nMajorana states localized at the boundaries, requires to consider many coupled\nlevels. which is ultimately related to the zero-mode Majorana modes. Our\ngeneralized KZM predictions agree well with the numerically exact results for\nthe 1D TS.",
        "positive": "Orientational order of the two-dimensional hard disk system: We report Monte Carlo results for the two-dimensional hard disk system.\nSimulations were performed in the NVT ensemble with up to 65536 disks, using a\nnew updating scheme. We analyze the bond orientational order parameter and\ncorrelation length in the isotropic phase and the scaling behaviour of the bond\norientational order parameter in the transition region. The data are consistent\nwith predictions of the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young theory, while\na first-order phase transition is unlikely and a one-stage continuous\ntransition can be ruled out."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic waves in a Brusselator model with nonlocal interaction: We show that intrinsic noise can induce spatio-temporal phenomena such as\nTuring patterns and travelling waves in a Brusselator model with nonlocal\ninteraction terms. In order to predict and to characterize these quasi-waves we\nanalyze the nonlocal model using a system-size expansion. The resulting theory\nis used to calculate the power spectra of the quasi-waves analytically, and the\noutcome is tested successfully against simulations. We discuss the possibility\nthat nonlocal models in other areas, such as epidemic spread or social\ndynamics, may contain similar stochastically-induced patterns.",
        "positive": "Spin fluctuations after quantum quenches in the S=1 Haldane chain:\n  numerical validation of the semi-semiclassical theory: We study quantum quenches in the $S=1$ Heisenberg spin chain and show that\nthe dynamics can be described by the recently developed semi-semiclassical\nmethod based on particles propagating along classical trajectories but\nscattering quantum mechanically. We analyze the non-equilibrium time evolution\nof the distribution of the total spin in half of the system and compare the\npredictions of the semi-semiclassical theory with those of a non-Abelian time\nevolving block decimation (TEBD) algorithm which exploits the SU(2) symmetry.\nWe show that while the standard semiclassical approach using the universal low\nenergy scattering matrix cannot describe the dynamics, the hybrid semiclassical\nmethod based on the full scattering matrix gives excellent agreement with the\nfirst principles TEBD simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vector Chiral Phases in the Frustrated 2D XY Model and Quantum Spin\n  Chains: The phase diagram of the frustrated 2D classical and 1D quantum XY models is\ncalculated analytically. Four transitions are found: the vortex unbinding\ntransitions triggered by strong fluctuations occur above and below the chiral\ntransition temperature. Vortex interaction is short range on small and\nlogarithmic on large scales. The chiral transition, though belonging to the\nIsing universality class by symmetry, has different critical exponents due to\nnonlocal interaction. In a narrow region close to the Lifshitz point a\nreentrant phase transition between paramagnetic and quasiferromagnetic phase\nappears. Applications to antiferromagnetic quantum spin chains and\nmultiferroics are discussed.",
        "positive": "L\u00e9vy flights with power-law absorption: We consider a particle performing a stochastic motion on a one-dimensional\nlattice with jump widths distributed according to a power-law with exponent\n$\\mu + 1$. Assuming that the walker moves in the presence of a distribution\n$a(x)$ of targets (traps) depending on the spatial coordinate $x$, we study the\nprobability that the walker will eventually find any target (will eventually be\ntrapped). We focus on the case of power-law distributions $a(x) \\sim\nx^{-\\alpha}$ and we find that as long as $\\mu < \\alpha$ there is a finite\nprobability that the walker will never be trapped, no matter how long the\nprocess is. This analytical result, valid on infinite chains, is corroborated\nby numerical simulations which also evidence the emergence of slow searching\n(trapping) times in finite-size system. The extension of this finding to\nhigher-dimensional structures is also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Direct Observation of Tunnelling in KDP Using Neutron Compton Scattering: Neutron Compton Scattering measurements presented here of the momentum\ndistribution of hydrogen in $KH_2PO_4$ (KDP) just above and well below the\nferroelectric transition temperature show clearly that the proton is coherent\nover both sites in the in the high temperature phase, a result that invalidates\nthe commonly accepted order-disorder picture of the transition.\n  The Born-Oppenheimer potential for the hydrogen, extracted directly from data\nfor the first time, is consistent with neutron diffraction data, and the\nvibrational spectrum is in substantial agreement with infrared absorption\nmeasurements. The measurements are sensitive enough to detect the effect of\nsurrounding ligands on the hydrogen bond, and can be used to study the\nsystematic effect of the variation of these ligands in other hydrogen bonded\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Tangential finite-size scaling of the Gaussian topological transition in\n  the quantum spin-1 anisotropic chain: Scaling aspects of Gaussian topological phase-transitions in quantum spin\nchains are investigated using the prototypical one-dimensional spin-1 XXZ\nHeisenberg model with uniaxial single-ion anisotropy $D$. This model presents a\ncritical line separating the gaped Haldane and large-$D$ phases, with the\nrelevant energy gap closing at the transition point. We show that a proper\ntangential finite-size scaling analysis is able to accurately locate the\nGaussian critical line and to probe the continuously varying set of correlation\nlength critical exponents. The specific features of the tangential scaling are\nhighlighted in contrast with the standard scaling holding in the Ising-like\ntransition between the gapless AF-N\\'eel and gaped Haldane phases. Our results\nare compared with field-theoretic predictions and available high-accuracy data\nfor specific points along the Gaussian line."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium work equalities in isolated quantum systems: We briefly introduce the quantum Jarzynski and Bochkov-Kuzovlev equalities in\nisolated quantum Hamiltonian systems, which includes the origin of the\nequalities, their derivations using a quantum Feynman-Kac formula, the quantum\nCrooks equality, the evolution equations governing the characteristic functions\nof the probability density functions for the quantum work, the recent\nexperimental verifications. Some results are given here first time. We\nparticularly emphasize the formally structural consistence between these\nquantum equalities and their classical counterparts, which shall be useful in\nunderstanding the existing equalities and pursuing new fluctuation relations in\nother complex quantum systems.",
        "positive": "Dynamic crossover in the persistence probability of manifolds at\n  criticality: We investigate the persistence properties of critical d-dimensional systems\nrelaxing from an initial state with non-vanishing order parameter (e.g., the\nmagnetization in the Ising model), focusing on the dynamics of the global order\nparameter of a d'-dimensional manifold. The persistence probability P(t) shows\nthree distinct long-time decays depending on the value of the parameter \\zeta =\n(D-2+\\eta)/z which also controls the relaxation of the persistence probability\nin the case of a disordered initial state (vanishing order parameter) as a\nfunction of the codimension D = d-d' and of the critical exponents z and \\eta.\nWe find that the asymptotic behavior of P(t) is exponential for \\zeta > 1,\nstretched exponential for 0 <= \\zeta <= 1, and algebraic for \\zeta < 0. Whereas\nthe exponential and stretched exponential relaxations are not affected by the\ninitial value of the order parameter, we predict and observe a crossover\nbetween two different power-law decays when the algebraic relaxation occurs, as\nin the case d'=d of the global order parameter. We confirm via Monte Carlo\nsimulations our analytical predictions by studying the magnetization of a line\nand of a plane of the two- and three-dimensional Ising model, respectively,\nwith Glauber dynamics. The measured exponents of the ultimate algebraic decays\nare in a rather good agreement with our analytical predictions for the Ising\nuniversality class. In spite of this agreement, the expected scaling behavior\nof the persistence probability as a function of time and of the initial value\nof the order parameter remains problematic. In this context, the\nnon-equilibrium dynamics of the O(n) model in the limit n->\\infty and its\nsubtle connection with the spherical model is also discussed in detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unified framework for generalized quantum statistics: canonical\n  partition function, maximum occupation number, and permutation phase of wave\n  function: Beyond Bose and Fermi statistics, there still exist various kinds of\ngeneralized quantum statistics. Two ways to approach generalized quantum\nstatistics: (1) in quantum mechanics, generalize the permutation symmetry of\nthe wave function and (2) in statistical mechanics, generalize the maximum\noccupation number of quantum statistics. The connection between these two\napproaches, however, is obscure. In this paper, we suggest a unified framework\nto describe various kinds of generalized quantum statistics. We first provide a\ngeneral formula of canonical partition functions of ideal $N$-particle gases\nobeying various kinds of generalized quantum statistics. Then we reveal the\nconnection between the permutation phase of the wave function and the maximum\noccupation number, through constructing a method to obtain the permutation\nphase and the maximum occupation number from the canonical partition function.\nIn our scheme, the permutation phase of wave functions is generalized to a\nmatrix phase, rather than a number. It is commonly accepted that different\nkinds of statistics are distinguished by the maximum number. We show that the\nmaximum occupation number is not sufficient to distinguish different kinds of\ngeneralized quantum statistics. As examples, we discuss a series of generalized\nquantum statistics in the unified framework, giving the corresponding canonical\npartition functions, maximum occupation numbers, and the permutation phase of\nwave functions. Especially, we propose three new kinds of generalized quantum\nstatistics which seem to be the missing pieces in the puzzle. The mathematical\nbasis of the scheme are the mathematical theory of the invariant matrix, the\nSchur-Weyl duality, the symmetric function, and the representation theory of\nthe permutation group and the unitary group. The result in this paper builds a\nbridge between the statistical mechanics and such mathematical theories.",
        "positive": "The effect of an external magnetic field on the gas-liquid transition in\n  the Heisenberg spin fluid: We present the theoretical phase diagrams of the classical Heisenberg fluid\nin an external magnetic field. A consistent account of correlations is carried\nout by the integral equation method. A nonmonotoneous effect of fields on the\ntemperature of the gas-liquid critical point is found. Within the mean\nspherical approximation this nonmonotoneous behavior disappears for short-range\nenough spin-spin interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random Geometric Series: Integer sequences where each element is determined by a previous randomly\nchosen element are investigated analytically. In particular, the random\ngeometric series x_n=2x_p with 0<=p<=n-1 is studied. At large n, the moments\ngrow algebraically, <x_n^s> n^beta(s) with beta(s)=2^s-1, while the typical\nbehavior is x_n n^ln 2. The probability distribution is obtained explicitly in\nterms of the Stirling numbers of the first kind and it approaches a log-normal\ndistribution asymptotically.",
        "positive": "Statistical thermodynamics and weighted topology of radial networks: We propose a method of characterizing radial networks based on a partition\nfunction associated with the structural triangulation of the network. The\ninternal energy, Helmholtz free energy, and entropy derived from the partition\nfunction are used to group similar networks together and to interrogate the\nhistory of their development. We illustrate our methodology for a model for\noptimal transport in tree leaves."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interface Fluctuations, Burgers Equations, and Coarsening under Shear: We consider the interplay of thermal fluctuations and shear on the surface of\nthe domains in various systems coarsening under an imposed shear flow. These\ninclude systems with nonconserved and conserved dynamics, and a conserved order\nparameter advected by a fluid whose velocity field satisfies the Navier-Stokes\nequation. In each case the equation of motion for the interface height reduces\nto an anisotropic Burgers equation. The scaling exponents that describe the\ngrowth and coarsening of the interface are calculated exactly in any dimension\nin the case of conserved and nonconserved dynamics. For a fluid-advected\nconserved order parameter we determine the exponents, but we are unable to\nbuild a consistent perturbative expansion to support their validity.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Dynamics of Bionanosystems: Multiscale Analysis and\n  Specialized Ensembles: An approach for simulating bionanosystems, such as viruses and ribosomes, is\npresented. This calibration-free approach is based on an all-atom description\nfor bionanosystems, a universal interatomic force field, and a multiscale\nperspective. The supramillion-atom nature of these bionanosystems prohibits the\nuse of a direct molecular dynamics approach for phenomena like viral structural\ntransitions or self-assembly that develop over milliseconds or longer. A key\nelement of these multiscale systems is the cross-talk between, and consequent\nstrong coupling of, processes over many scales in space and time. We elucidate\nthe role of interscale cross-talk and overcome bionanosystem simulation\ndifficulties with automated construction of order parameters (OPs) describing\nsupra-nanometer scale structural features, construction of OP dependent\nensembles describing the statistical properties of atomistic variables that\nultimately contribute to the entropies driving the dynamics of the OPs, and the\nderivation of a rigorous equation for the stochastic dynamics of the OPs. Since\nthe atomic scale features of the system are treated statistically, several\nensembles are constructed that reflect various experimental conditions. The\ntheory provides a basis for a practical, quantitative bionanosystem modeling\napproach that preserves the cross-talk between the atomic and nanoscale\nfeatures. A method for integrating information from nanotechnical experimental\ndata in the derivation of equations of stochastic OP dynamics is also\nintroduced."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The projection of a nonlocal mechanical system onto the irreversible\n  generalized Langevin equation, II: Numerical simulations: The irreversible generalized Langevin equation (iGLE) contains a\nnonstationary friction kernel that in certain limits reduces to the GLE with\nspace-dependent friction. For more general forms of the friction kernel, the\niGLE was previously shown to be the projection of a mechanical system with a\ntime-dependent Hamiltonian. [R. Hernandez, J. Chem. Phys. 110, 7701 (1999)] In\nthe present work, the corresponding open Hamiltonian system is further\nexplored. Numerical simulations of this mechanical system illustrate that the\ntime dependence of the observed total energy and the correlations of the\nsolvent force are in precise agreement with the projected iGLE.",
        "positive": "Adiabatic gauge potential and integrability breaking with free fermions: We revisit the problem of integrability breaking in free fermionic quantum\nspin chains. We investigate the so-called adiabatic gauge potential (AGP),\nwhich was recently proposed as an accurate probe of quantum chaos. We also\nstudy the so-called weak integrability breaking, which occurs if the dynamical\neffects of the perturbation do not appear at leading order in the perturbing\nparameter. A recent statement in the literature claimed that integrability\nbreaking should generally lead to an exponential growth of the AGP norm with\nrespect to the volume. However, afterwards it was found that weak integrability\nbreaking is a counter-example, leading to a cross-over between polynomial and\nexponential growth. Here we show that in free fermionic systems the AGP norm\nalways grows polynomially, if the perturbation is local with respect to the\nfermions, even if the perturbation strongly breaks integrability. As a\nby-product of our computations we also find, that in free fermionic spin chains\nthere are operators which weakly break integrability, but which are not\nassociated with known long range deformations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Exact Entropy Formula of the Ideal Gas and its Information-Theoretic\n  Interpretation: The paper analyzes the entropy of a system composed by non-interacting and\nindistinguishable particles whose quantum state numbers are modelled as\nindependent and identically distributed classical random variables. The crucial\nobservation is that, under this assumption, whichever is the number of\nparticles that constitute the system, the occupancy numbers of system's quantum\n(micro)states are multinomially distributed. This observation leads to an\nentropy formula for the physical system, which is nothing else than the entropy\nformula of the multinomial distribution, for which we claim novelty, in the\nsense that it is proposed here for the first time that the entropy of the\nmultinomial distribution is the entropy of the physical system. The entropy\nformula of the multinomial distribution unveils yet unexplored connections\nbetween information theory and statistical mechanics, among which we mention\nthe connection between conditional entropy of the random microstate given the\nrandom occupancy numbers and the Boltzmann-Planck entropy $\\log(W)$ and between\nthese two and the Gibbs correction term $\\log(N!)$, thermalization and\ncommunication-theoretic preparation of a thermal state, accessible information\nof the thermal state and physical entropy of the thermalized system. A\nnoticeable specific result that descends from our approach is the exact quantum\ncorrection to the textbook Sackur-Tetrode formula for the entropy of an ideal\ngas at the thermal equilibrium in a container.",
        "positive": "Statistical Mechanics of Systems with Negative Temperature: Do negative absolute temperatures matter physics and specifically Statistical\nPhysics? We provide evidence that we can certainly answer positively to this\nvexata quaestio. The great majority of models investigated by statistical\nmechanics over almost one century and a half exhibit positive absolute\ntemperature, because their entropy is a nondecreasing function of energy. Since\nmore than half a century ago it has been realized that this may not be the case\nfor some physical systems as incompressible fluids, nuclear magnetic chains,\nlasers, cold atoms and optical waveguides. We review these examples and discuss\ntheir peculiar thermodynamic properties, which have been associated to the\npresence of thermodynamic regimes, characterized by negative absolute\ntemperatures. As reported in this review, the ambiguity inherent the definition\nof entropy has recurrently raised a harsh debate about the possibility of\nconsidering negative temperature states as genuine thermodynamic equilibrium\nones. Here we show that negative absolute temperatures are consistent with\nequilibrium as well as with non-equilibrium thermodynamics. In particular,\nthermometry, thermodynamics of cyclic transformations, ensemble equivalence,\nfluctuation-dissipation relations, response theory and even transport processes\ncan be reformulated to include them, thus dissipating any prejudice about their\nexceptionality, typically presumed as a manifestation of transient metastable\neffects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Resemblance of the power-law scaling behavior of a non-Markovian and\n  nonlinear point processes: We analyze the statistical properties of a temporal point process driven by a\nconfined fractional Brownian motion. The event count distribution and power\nspectral density of this non--Markovian point process exhibit power--law\nscaling. We show that a nonlinear Markovian point process can reproduce the\nsame scaling behavior. This result indicates a possible link between\nnonlinearity and apparent non--Markovian behavior.",
        "positive": "Mean first-passage time for random walks on undirected networks: In this paper, by using two different techniques we derive an explicit\nformula for the mean first-passage time (MFPT) between any pair of nodes on a\ngeneral undirected network, which is expressed in terms of eigenvalues and\neigenvectors of an associated matrix similar to the transition matrix. We then\napply the formula to derive a lower bound for the MFPT to arrive at a given\nnode with the starting point chosen from the stationary distribution over the\nset of nodes. We show that for a correlated scale-free network of size $N$ with\na degree distribution $P(d)\\sim d^{-\\gamma}$, the scaling of the lower bound is\n$N^{1-1/\\gamma}$. Also, we provide a simple derivation for an eigentime\nidentity. Our work leads to a comprehensive understanding of recent results\nabout random walks on complex networks, especially on scale-free networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random matrix ensembles with column/row constraints. II: We numerically analyze the random matrix ensembles of real-symmetric matrices\nwith column/row constraints for many system conditions e.g. disorder type,\nmatrix-size and basis-connectivity. The results reveal a rich behavior hidden\nbeneath the spectral statistics and also confirm our analytical predictions,\npresented in part I of this paper, about the analogy of their spectral\nfluctuations with those of a critical Brownian ensemble which appears between\nPoisson and Gaussian orthogonal ensemble.",
        "positive": "Upper Bound of Relative Error of Random Ball Coverage for Calculating\n  Fractal Network Dimension: Least box number coverage problem for calculating dimension of fractal\nnetworks is a NP-hard problem. Meanwhile, the time complexity of random ball\ncoverage for calculating dimension is very low. In this paper we strictly\npresent the upper bound of relative error for random ball coverage algorithm.\nWe also propose twice-random ball coverage algorithm for calculating network\ndimension. For many real-world fractal networks, when the network diameter is\nsufficient large, the relative error upper bound of this method will tend to 0.\nIn this point of view, given a proper acceptable error range, the dimension\ncalculation is not a NP-hard problem, but P problem instead."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Behavior of Random Bond Potts Models: The effect of quenched impurities on systems which undergo first-order phase\ntransitions is studied within the framework of the q-state Potts model. For\nlarge q a mapping to the random field Ising model is introduced which provides\na simple physical explanation of the absence of any latent heat in 2D, and\nsuggests that in higher dimensions such systems should exhibit a tricritical\npoint with a correlation length exponent related to the exponents of the random\nfield model by \\nu = \\nu_RF / (2 - \\alpha_RF - \\beta_RF). In 2D we analyze the\nmodel using finite-size scaling and conformal invariance, and find a continuous\ntransition with a magnetic exponent \\beta / \\nu which varies continuously with\nq, and a weakly varying correlation length exponent \\nu \\approx 1. We find\nstrong evidence for the multiscaling of the correlation functions as expected\nfor such random systems.",
        "positive": "Probabilistic work extraction on a classical oscillator beyond the\n  second law: We demonstrate experimentally that, applying optimal protocols which drive\nthe system between two equilibrium states characterized by a free energy\ndifference $\\Delta F$, we can maximize the probability of performing the\ntransition between the two states with a work $W$ smaller than $\\Delta F$. The\nsecond law holds only on average, resulting in the inequality $\\langle W\n\\rangle \\geq \\Delta F$. The experiment is performed using an underdamped\noscillator evolving in a double-well potential. We show that with a suitable\nchoice of parameters the probability of obtaining trajectories with $W \\le\n\\Delta F$ can be larger than 90 %. Very fast protocols are a key feature to\nobtain these results which are explained in terms of the Jarzynski equality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatio-temporal log-stable process for the turbulent energy-cascade: We present a dynamical log-stable process for the spatio-temporal evolution\nof the energy-dissipation field in fully developed turbulence. The process is\nconstructed from multifractal scaling relations required for two-point\ncorrelators of arbitrary order. n-point correlation functions are calculated\nanalytically and interpreted in terms of generalised fusion rules and in terms\nof the random multiplicative cascade picture.\n  Multiplier distributions are compared with experimental results.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics perspective on the phase transition in vertex\n  covering finite-connectivity random graphs: The vertex-cover problem is studied for random graphs $G_{N,cN}$ having $N$\nvertices and $cN$ edges. Exact numerical results are obtained by a\nbranch-and-bound algorithm. It is found that a transition in the coverability\nat a $c$-dependent threshold $x=x_c(c)$ appears, where $xN$ is the cardinality\nof the vertex cover. This transition coincides with a sharp peak of the typical\nnumerical effort, which is needed to decide whether there exists a cover with\n$xN$ vertices or not. For small edge concentrations $c\\ll 0.5$, a cluster\nexpansion is performed, giving very accurate results in this regime. These\nresults are extended using methods developed in statistical physics. The so\ncalled annealed approximation reproduces a rigorous bound on $x_c(c)$ which was\nknown previously. The main part of the paper contains an application of the\nreplica method. Within the replica symmetric ansatz the threshold $x_c(c)$ and\nthe critical backbone size $b_c(c)$ can be calculated. For $c<e/2$ the results\nshow an excellent agreement with the numerical findings. At average vertex\ndegree $2c=e$, an instability of the simple replica symmetric solution occurs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Light impurity in an Equilibrium Gas: We investigate the evolution of a light impurity particle in a Lorentz gas\nwhere the background atoms are in thermal equilibrium. As in the standard\nLorentz gas, we assume that the particle is negligibly light in comparison with\nthe background atoms. The thermal motion of atoms causes the average particle\nspeed to grow. In the case of the hard-sphere particle-atom interaction, the\ntemporal growth is ballistic, while generally it is sub-linear. For the\nparticle-atom potential that diverges as r^{-\\lambda} in the small separation\nlimit, the average particle speed grows as t^{\\lambda /(2(d-1)+ \\lambda)} in d\ndimensions. The particle displacement exhibits a universal growth, linear in\ntime and the average (thermal) speed of the atoms. Surprisingly, the asymptotic\ngrowth is independent on the gas density and the particle-atom interaction. The\nvelocity and position distributions approach universal scaling forms which are\nnon-Gaussian. We determine the velocity distribution in arbitrary dimension and\nfor arbitrary interaction exponent \\lambda. For the hard-sphere particle-atom\ninteraction, we compute the position distribution and the joint\nvelocity-position distribution.",
        "positive": "Critical scaling through Gini index: In the systems showing critical behavior, various response functions have a\nsingularity at the critical point. Therefore, as the driving field is tuned\ntowards its critical value, the response functions change drastically,\ntypically diverging with universal critical exponents. In this work, we\nquantify the inequality of response functions with measures traditionally used\nin economics, namely by constructing a Lorenz curve and calculating the\ncorresponding Gini index. The scaling of such a response function, when written\nin terms of the Gini index, shows singularity at a point that is at least as\nuniversal as the corresponding critical exponent. The critical scaling,\ntherefore, becomes a single parameter fit, which is a considerable\nsimplification from the usual form where the critical point and critical\nexponents are independent. We also show that another measure of inequality, the\nKolkata index, crosses the Gini index at a point just prior to the critical\npoint. Therefore, monitoring these two inequality indices for a system where\nthe critical point is not known, can produce a precursory signal for the\nimminent criticality. This could be useful in many systems, including that in\ncondensed matter, bio- and geophysics to atmospheric physics. The generality\nand numerical validity of the calculations are shown with the Monte Carlo\nsimulations of the two dimensional Ising model, site percolation on square\nlattice and the fiber bundle model of fracture."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlated continuous-time random walks: combining scale-invariance with\n  long-range memory for spatial and temporal dynamics: Standard continuous time random walk (CTRW) models are renewal processes in\nthe sense that at each jump a new, independent pair of jump length and waiting\ntime are chosen. Globally, anomalous diffusion emerges through action of the\ngeneralized central limit theorem leading to scale-free forms of the jump\nlength or waiting time distributions. Here we present a modified version of\nrecently proposed correlated CTRW processes, where we incorporate a power-law\ncorrelated noise on the level of both jump length and waiting time dynamics. We\nobtain a very general stochastic model, that encompasses key features of\nseveral paradigmatic models of anomalous diffusion: discontinuous, scale-free\ndisplacements as in Levy flights, scale-free waiting times as in subdiffusive\nCTRWs, and the long-range temporal correlations of fractional Brownian motion\n(FBM). We derive the exact solutions for the single-time probability density\nfunctions and extract the scaling behaviours. Interestingly, we find that\ndifferent combinations of the model parameters lead to indistinguishable shapes\nof the emerging probability density functions and identical scaling laws. Our\nmodel will be useful to describe recent experimental single particle tracking\ndata, that feature a combination of CTRW and FBM properties.",
        "positive": "Lower-Critical Dimension of the Random-Field XY Model and the\n  Zero-Temperature Critical Line: The random-field XY model is studied in spatial dimensions d=3 and 4, and\nin-between, as the limit q --> \\infty of the q-state clock models, by the exact\nrenormalization-group solution of the hierarchical lattice or, equivalently,\nthe Migdal-Kadanoff approximation to the hypercubic lattices. The\nlower-critical dimension is determined between 3.81 < d_c <4. When the\nrandom-field is scaled with q, a line segment of zero-temperature criticality\nis found in d=3. When the random-field is scaled with q^2, a universal phase\ndiagram is found at intermediate temperatures in d=3."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the origin of super-diffusive behavior in a class of non-equilibrium\n  systems: Experiments and simulations have established that dynamics in a class of\nliving and abiotic systems that are far from equilibrium exhibit super\ndiffusive behavior at long times, which in some cases (for example evolving\ntumor) is preceded by slow glass-like dynamics. By using the evolution of a\ncollection of tumor cells, driven by mechanical forces and subject to cell\nbirth and apoptosis, as a case study we show theoretically that on short time\nscales the mean square displacement is sub-diffusive due to jamming, whereas at\nlong times it is super diffusive. The results obtained using stochastic\nquantization method, which is needed because of the absence of\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT), show that the super-diffusive behavior\nis universal and impervious to the nature of cell-cell interactions.\nSurprisingly, the theory also quantitatively accounts for the non-trivial\ndynamics observed in simulations of a model soap foam characterized by creation\nand destruction of spherical bubbles, which suggests that the two\nnon-equilibrium systems belong to the same universality class. The theoretical\nprediction for the super diffusion exponent is in excellent agreement with\nsimulations for collective motion of tumor cells and dynamics associated with\nsoap bubbles.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of Limit Cycle Oscillator Subject to General Noise: The phase description is a powerful tool for analyzing noisy limit cycle\noscillators. The method, however, has found only limited applications so far,\nbecause the present theory is applicable only to the Gaussian noise while noise\nin the real world often has non-Gaussian statistics. Here, we provide the phase\nreduction for limit cycle oscillators subject to general, colored and\nnon-Gaussian, noise including heavy-tailed noise. We derive quantifiers like\nmean frequency, diffusion constant, and the Lyapunov exponent to confirm\nconsistency of the result. Applying our results, we additionally study a\nresonance between the phase and noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rayleigh loops in the random-field Ising model on the Bethe lattice: We analyze the demagnetization properties of the random-field Ising model on\nthe Bethe lattice focusing on the beahvior near the disorder induced phase\ntransition. We derive an exact recursion relation for the magnetization and\nintegrate it numerically. Our analysis shows that demagnetization is possible\nonly in the continous high disorder phase, where at low field the loops are\ndescribed by the Rayleigh law. In the low disorder phase, the saturation loop\ndisplays a discontinuity which is reflected by a non vanishing magnetization\nm_\\infty after a series of nested loops. In this case, at low fields the loops\nare not symmetric and the Rayleigh law does not hold.",
        "positive": "Fast Non-Adiabatic Dynamics of Many-Body Quantum Systems: Modeling many-body quantum systems with strong interactions is one of the\ncore challenges of modern physics. A range of methods has been developed to\napproach this task, each with its own idiosyncrasies, approximations, and realm\nof applicability. Perhaps the most successful and ubiquitous of these\napproaches is density functional theory (DFT). Its Kohn-Sham formulation has\nbeen the basis for many fundamental physical insights, and it has been\nsuccessfully applied to fields as diverse as quantum chemistry, condensed\nmatter and dense plasmas. Despite the progress made by DFT and related schemes,\nhowever, there remain many problems that are intractable for existing methods.\nIn particular, many approaches face a huge computational barrier when modeling\nlarge numbers of coupled electrons and ions at finite temperature. Here, we\naddress this shortfall with a new approach to modeling many-body quantum\nsystems. Based on the Bohmian trajectories formalism, our new method treats the\nfull particle dynamics with a considerable increase in computational speed. As\na result, we are able to perform large-scale simulations of coupled\nelectron-ion systems without employing the adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer\napproximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium spin transport in integrable and non-integrable classical\n  spin chains: Anomalous transport in low dimensional spin chains is an intriguing topic\nthat can offer key insights into the interplay of integrability and symmetry in\nmany-body dynamics. Recent studies have shown that spin-spin correlations in\nspin chains, where integrability is either perfectly preserved or broken by\nsymmetry-preserving interactions, fall in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ)\nuniversality class. Similarly, energy transport can show ballistic or\ndiffusive-like behaviour. Although such behaviour has been studied under\nequilibrium conditions, no results on nonequilibrium spin transport in\nclassical spin chains has been reported so far. In this work, we investigate\nboth spin and energy transport in classical spin chains (integrable and\nnon-integrable) when coupled to two reservoirs at two different\ntemperatures/magnetization. In both the integrable case and\nbroken-integrability (but spin-symmetry preserving), we report anomalous\nscaling of spin current with system size ($\\mathbb{J}^s \\propto L^{-\\mu}$) with\nan exponent, $\\mu \\approx 2/3$, falling under the KPZ universality class. On\nthe other hand, it is noteworthy that energy current remains ballistic\n($\\mathbb{J}^e \\propto L^{-\\eta}$ with $\\eta \\approx 0$) in the purely\nintegrable case and there is departure from ballistic behaviour ($\\eta > 0$)\nwhen integrability is broken regardless of spin-symmetry. Under nonequilibrium\nconditions, we have thoroughly investigated spatial profiles of local\nmagnetization and energy. We find interesting nonlinear spatial profiles which\nare hallmarks of anomalous transport. We also unravel subtle striking\ndifferences between the equilibrium and nonequilibrium steady state through the\nlens of spatial spin-spin correlations.",
        "positive": "Numerical study of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a 48-site\n  triangular lattice: We numerically study the magnetization and the dispersion relation of a\nfrustrated quantum spin system. Our method, which is named the stochastic state\nselection method, is a kind of Monte Carlo method to give eigenstates of the\nsystem through statistical averaging processes.\n  Using the stochastic state selection method with some constraints, we make a\nsuccessful study of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a 48-site\ntriangular lattice. We calculate the sublattice magnetization and the static\nstructure function in the ground state. Our result on the sublattice\nmagnetization is consistent with the value given by the linear spin wave\ntheory. This adds an evidence for the analysis based on the spontaneous\nsymmetry breaking of the semi-classical Neel order in the ground state.\n  We also evaluate the low-lying one magnon spectra of the model with all wave\nvectors available on a 48-site triangular lattice. We find that at the ordering\nwave vector there is a Goldstone mode, which is in good agreement with the\nresult from the spin wave analysis. The magnon spectra with other wave vectors,\nhowever, are quite different from results obtained by the linear spin wave\ntheory. We observe a flat dispersion relation with a strong downward\nrenormalization. Our results are compatible with those recently reported in the\nseries expansion study and in the order 1/S calculation of the spin wave\nanalysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Algorithm independent bounds on community detection problems and\n  associated transitions in stochastic block model graphs: We derive rigorous bounds for well-defined community structure in complex\nnetworks for a stochastic block model (SBM) benchmark. In particular, we\nanalyze the effect of inter-community \"noise\" (inter-community edges) on any\n\"community detection\" algorithm's ability to correctly group nodes assigned to\na planted partition, a problem which has been proven to be NP complete in a\nstandard rendition. Our result does not rely on the use of any one particular\nalgorithm nor on the analysis of the limitations of inference. Rather, we turn\nthe problem on its head and work backwards to examine when, in the first place,\nwell defined structure may exist in SBMs.The method that we introduce here\ncould potentially be applied to other computational problems. The objective of\ncommunity detection algorithms is to partition a given network into optimally\ndisjoint subgraphs (or communities). Similar to k-SAT and other combinatorial\noptimization problems, \"community detection\" exhibits different phases.\nNetworks that lie in the \"unsolvable phase\" lack well-defined structure and\nthus have no partition that is meaningful. Solvable systems splinter into two\ndisparate phases: those in the \"hard\" phase and those in the \"easy\" phase. As\nbefits its name, within the easy phase, a partition is easy to achieve by known\nalgorithms. When a network lies in the hard phase, it still has an underlying\nstructure yet finding a meaningful partition which can be checked in polynomial\ntime requires an exhaustive computational effort that rapidly increases with\nthe size of the graph. When taken together, (i) the rigorous results that we\nreport here on when graphs have an underlying structure and (ii) recent results\nconcerning the limits of rather general algorithms, suggest bounds on the hard\nphase.",
        "positive": "The Calogero-Moser equation system and the ensemble average in the\n  Gaussian ensembles: From random matrix theory it is known that for special values of the coupling\nconstant the Calogero-Moser (CM) equation system is nothing but the radial part\nof a generalized harmonic oscillator Schroedinger equation. This allows an\nimmediate construction of the solutions by means of a Rodriguez relation. The\nresults are easily generalized to arbitrary values of the coupling constant. By\nthis the CM equations become nearly trivial.\n  As an application an expansion for <exp[i(XY)]> in terms of eigenfunctions of\nthe CM equation system is obtained, where X and Y are matrices taken from one\nof the Gaussian ensembles, and the brackets denote an average over the angular\nvariables."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Caldeira--Leggett quantum master equation in Wigner phase space:\n  continued-fraction solution and application to Brownian motion in periodic\n  potentials: The continued-fraction method to solve classical Fokker--Planck equations has\nbeen adapted to tackle quantum master equations of the Caldeira--Leggett type.\nThis can be done taking advantage of the phase-space (Wigner) representation of\nthe quantum density matrix. The approach differs from those in which some\ncontinued-fraction expression is found for a certain quantity, in that the full\nsolution of the master equation is obtained by continued-fraction methods. This\nallows to study in detail the effects of the environment (fluctuations and\ndissipation) on several classes of nonlinear quantum systems. We apply the\nmethod to the canonical problem of quantum Brownian motion in periodic\npotentials both for cosine and ratchet potentials (lacking inversion symmetry).",
        "positive": "The excitatory-inhibitory branching process: a parsimonious view of\n  cortical asynchronous states, excitability, and criticality: The branching process is the minimal model for propagation dynamics,\navalanches and criticality, broadly used in neuroscience. A simple extension of\nit, adding inhibitory nodes, induces a much-richer phenomenology, including, an\nintermediate phase, between quiescence and saturation, that exhibits the key\nfeatures of \"asynchronous states\" in cortical networks. Remarkably, in the\ninhibition-dominated case, it exhibits an extremely-rich phase diagram, that\ncaptures a wealth of non-trivial features of spontaneous brain activity, such\nas collective excitability, hysteresis, tilted avalanche shapes, and partial\nsynchronization, allowing us to rationalize striking empirical findings within\na common and parsimonious framework."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the waiting time distribution for continuous stochastic systems: The waiting time distribution (WTD) is a common tool for analysing discrete\nstochastic processes in classical and quantum systems. However, there are many\nphysical examples where the dynamics is continuous and only approximately\ndiscrete, or where it is favourable to discuss the dynamics on a discretized\nand a continuous level in parallel. An example is the hindered motion of\nparticles through potential landscapes with barriers. In the present paper we\npropose a consistent generalisation of the WTD from the discrete case to\nsituations where the particles perform continuous barrier-crossing\ncharacterised by a finite duration. To this end, we introduce a recipe to\ncalculate the WTD from the Fokker-Planck/Smoluchowski equation. In contrast to\nthe closely related first passage time distribution (FPTD), which is frequently\nused to describe continuous processes, the WTD contains information about the\ndirection of motion. As an application, we consider the paradigmatic example of\nan overdamped particle diffusing through a washboard potential. To verify the\napproach and to elucidate its numerical implications, we compare the WTD\ndefined via the Smoluchowski equation with data from direct simulation of the\nunderlying Langevin equation and find full consistency provided that the jumps\nin the Langevin approach are defined properly. Moreover, for sufficiently large\nenergy barriers, the WTD defined via the Smoluchowski equation becomes\nconsistent with that resulting from the analytical solution of a (two-state)\nmaster equation model for the short-time dynamics developed previous by us [PRE\n86, 061135 (2012)]. Thus, our approach \"interpolates\" between these two types\nof stochastic motion. We illustrate our approach for both symmetric systems and\nsystems under constant force.",
        "positive": "Topological sectors, dimer correlations and monomers from the\n  transfer-matrix solution of the dimer model: We solve the classical square-lattice dimer model with periodic boundaries\nand in the presence of a field $\\boldsymbol{t}$ that couples to the (vector)\nflux, by diagonalizing a modified version of Lieb's transfer matrix. After\nderiving the torus partition function in the thermodynamic limit, we show how\nthe configuration space divides into 'topological sectors' corresponding to\ndistinct values of the flux. Additionally, we demonstrate in general that\nexpectation values are $\\boldsymbol{t}$-independent at leading order, and\nobtain explicit expressions for dimer occupation numbers, dimer-dimer\ncorrelation functions and the monomer distribution function. The last of these\nis expressed as a Toeplitz determinant, whose asymptotic behavior for large\nmonomer separation is tractable using the Fisher-Hartwig conjecture. Our\nresults reproduce those previously obtained using Pfaffian techniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Granular gases under extreme driving: We study inelastic gases in two dimensions using event-driven molecular\ndynamics simulations. Our focus is the nature of the stationary state attained\nby rare injection of large amounts of energy to balance the dissipation due to\ncollisions. We find that under such extreme driving, with the injection rate\nmuch smaller than the collision rate, the velocity distribution has a power-law\nhigh energy tail. The numerically measured exponent characterizing this tail is\nin excellent agreement with predictions of kinetic theory over a wide range of\nsystem parameters. We conclude that driving by rare but powerful energy\ninjection leads to a well-mixed gas and constitutes an alternative mechanism\nfor agitating granular matter. In this distinct nonequilibrium steady-state,\nenergy cascades from large to small scales. Our simulations also show that when\nthe injection rate is comparable with the collision rate, the velocity\ndistribution has a stretched exponential tail.",
        "positive": "Nonuniversal and anomalous critical behavior of the contact process near\n  an extended defect: We consider the contact process near an extended surface defect, where the\nlocal control parameter deviates from the bulk one by an amount of\n$\\lambda(l)-\\lambda(\\infty) = A l^{-s}$, $l$ being the distance from the\nsurface. We concentrate on the marginal situation, $s=1/\\nu_{\\perp}$, where\n$\\nu_{\\perp}$ is the critical exponent of the spatial correlation length, and\nstudy the local critical properties of the one-dimensional model by Monte Carlo\nsimulations. The system exhibits a rich surface critical behavior. For weaker\nlocal activation rates, $A<A_c$, the phase transition is continuous, having an\norder-parameter critical exponent, which varies continuously with $A$. For\nstronger local activation rates, $A>A_c$, the phase transition is of mixed\norder: the surface order parameter is discontinuous, at the same time the\ntemporal correlation length diverges algebraically as the critical point is\napproached, but with different exponents on the two sides of the transition.\nThe mixed-order transition regime is analogous to that observed recently at a\nmultiple junction and can be explained by the same type of scaling theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transition of triangulated spherical surfaces with elastic\n  skeletons: A first-order transition is numerically found in a spherical surface model\nwith skeletons, which are linked to each other at junctions. The shape of the\ntriangulated surfaces is maintained by skeletons, which have a one-dimensional\nbending elasticity characterized by the bending rigidity $b$, and the surfaces\nhave no two-dimensional bending elasticity except at the junctions. The\nsurfaces swell and become spherical at large $b$ and collapse and crumple at\nsmall $b$. These two phases are separated from each other by the first-order\ntransition. Although both of the surfaces and the skeleton are allowed to\nself-intersect and, hence, phantom, our results indicate a possible phase\ntransition in biological or artificial membranes whose shape is maintained by\ncytoskeletons.",
        "positive": "Simple explanation of Landauer's bound and its ineffectiveness for\n  multivalued logic: We discuss, using recent results on the Landauer's bound in multivalued\nlogic, the difficulties and pitfalls of how to apply this principle. The\npresentation is based on Szilard's version of Maxwell's demon experiment and\nuse of equilibrium Thermodynamics. Different versions of\nthermodynamical/mechanical memory are presented - one-hot encoding version and\nthe implementation based on reversed Szilard's experiment. Relation of the\nLandauer's principle to Galois connection is explained in detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The random field Blume-Capel model revisited: We have revisited the mean-field treatment for the Blume-Capel model under\nthe presence of a discrete random magnetic field as introduced by Kaufman and\nKanner. The magnetic field ($H$) versus temperature ($T$) phase diagrams for\ngiven values of the crystal field $D$ were recovered in accordance to Kaufman\nand Kanner original work. However, our main goal in the present work was to\ninvestigate the distinct structures of the crystal field versus temperature\nphase diagrams as the random magnetic field is varied because similar models\nhave presented reentrant phenomenon due to randomness. Following previous works\nwe have classified the distinct phase diagrams according to five different\ntopologies. The topological structure of the phase diagrams is maintained for\nboth $H-T$ and $D-T$ cases. Althoug the phase diagrams exhibit a richness of\nmulticritical phenomena we did not found any reentrant effect as have been seen\nin similar models.",
        "positive": "Symmetry-prohibited thermalization after a quantum quench: The observable long-time behavior of an isolated many-body system after a\nquantum quench is considered, i.e., an eigenstate (or an equilibrium ensemble)\nof some pre-quench Hamiltonian $H$ serves as initial condition which then\nevolves in time according to some post-quench Hamiltonian $H_p$. Absence of\nthermalization is analytically demonstrated for a large class of quite common\npre- and post-quench spin Hamiltonians. The main requirement is that the\npre-quench Hamiltonian must exhibit a $Z_2$ (spin-flip) symmetry, which would\nbe spontaneously broken in the thermodynamic limit, though we actually focus on\nfinite (but large) systems. On the other hand, the post-quench Hamiltonian must\nviolate the $Z_2$ symmetry, but for the rest may be non-integrable and may obey\nthe eigenstate thermalization hypothesis for (sums of) few-body observables."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Does a Computer have an Arrow of Time?: In [Sch05a], it is argued that Boltzmann's intuition, that the psychological\narrow of time is necessarily aligned with the thermodynamic arrow, is correct.\nSchulman gives an explicit physical mechanism for this connection, based on the\nbrain being representable as a computer, together with certain thermodynamic\nproperties of computational processes. [Haw94] presents similar, if briefer,\narguments. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the support for\nthe link between thermodynamics and an arrow of time for computers. The\nprincipal arguments put forward by Schulman and Hawking will be shown to fail.\nIt will be shown that any computational process that can take place in an\nentropy increasing universe, can equally take place in an entropy decreasing\nuniverse. This conclusion does not automatically imply a psychological arrow\ncan run counter to the thermodynamic arrow. Some alternative possible explana-\ntions for the alignment of the two arrows will be briefly discussed.",
        "positive": "Phase transition in two-dimensional multicomponent Bose liquid: a new\n  type of quasi-long-range order: The $\\nu$-component two-dimensional (2D) Bose liquid is considered. It is\nshown that the finite temperature phase transition exists in this 2D\ncontinuously degenerate multicomponent system. The new type of quasi-long-range\norder occurs as a result of this transition. The correlation function in\nordered state is a product of the power-law XY-universality class type function\nand the exponential function corresponding to the $SU(\\nu)$ invariant model.\nThe transition temperature is calculated for the diluted system. It is found\nthat the physical mechanism of the phase transition is changed when $\\nu$\nexceeds the critical value $\\nu_c = 4$. The experimental realization of the\nconsidered model is discussed briefly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Minimum-dissipation principle for synchronised stochastic oscillators\n  far from equilibrium: We prove a linear stability-dissipation relation (SDR) for $q$-state Potts\nmodels driven far from equilibrium by a nonconservative force. At a critical\ncoupling strength, these models exhibit a synchronisation transition from a\ndecoherent into a synchronised state. In the vicinity of this transition, the\nSDR connects the entropy production rate per oscillator to the phase-space\ncontraction rate, a measure of stability, in a simple way. For large but finite\nsystems, the SDR implies a minimum-dissipation principle for driven Potts\nmodels as the dynamics selects stable non-equilibrium states with least\ndissipation. This principle holds arbitrarily far from equilibrium, for any\nstochastic dynamics, and for all $q$.",
        "positive": "Pedestrian Solution of the Two-Dimensional Ising Model: The partition function of the two-dimensional Ising model with zero magnetic\nfield on a square lattice with m x n sites wrapped on a torus is computed\nwithin the transfer matrix formalism in an explicit step-by-step approach\ninspired by Kaufman's work. However, working with two commuting representations\nof the complex rotation group SO(2n,C) helps us avoid a number of unnecessary\ncomplications. We find all eigenvalues of the transfer matrix and therefore the\npartition function in a straightforward way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Localization protected quantum order: Closed quantum systems with quenched randomness exhibit many-body localized\nregimes wherein they do not equilibrate even though prepared with macroscopic\namounts of energy above their ground states. We show that such localized\nsystems can order in that individual many-body eigenstates can break symmetries\nor display topological order in the infinite volume limit. Indeed, isolated\nlocalized quantum systems can order even at energy densities where the\ncorresponding thermally equilibrated system is disordered, i.e.: localization\nprotects order. In addition, localized systems can move between ordered and\ndisordered localized phases via non-thermodynamic transitions in the properties\nof the many-body eigenstates. We give evidence that such transitions may\nproceed via localized critical points. We note that localization provides\nprotection against decoherence that may allow experimental manipulation of\nmacroscopic quantum states. We also identify a `spectral transition' involving\na sharp change in the spectral statistics of the many-body Hamiltonian.",
        "positive": "Microscopic approach to orientational order of domain walls: We develop a fully microscopic, statistical mechanics approach to study phase\ntransitions in Ising systems with competing interactions at different scales.\nOur aim is to consider orientational and positional order parameters in a\nunified framework. In this work we consider two dimensional stripe forming\nsystems, where nematic, smectic and crystal phases are possible. We introduce a\nnematic order parameter in a lattice, which measures orientational order of\ninterfaces. We develop a mean field approach which leads to a free energy which\nis a function of both the magnetization (density) and the orientational\n(nematic) order parameters. Self-consistent equations for the order parameters\nare obtained and the solutions are described for a particular system, the\nDipolar Frustrated Ising Ferromagnet. We show that this system has an\nIsing-nematic phase at low temperatures in the square lattice, where positional\norder (staggered magnetization) is zero. At lower temperatures a crystal-stripe\nphase may appear. In the continuum limit the present approach connects to a\nGinsburg-Landau theory, which has an isotropic-nematic phase transition with\nbreaking of a continuous symmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Gibbs paradox: Molecular collision within an ideal gas originates from an intrinsic\nshort-range repulsive interaction. The collision reduces the average accessible\nphysical space for a single molecule and this has a direct consequence on the\nentropy of the gas. The accessibility of a molecule to a spatial coordinate (x,\ny, z) inside the system depends on the local molecular density. By considering\nmechanical equilibrium between a system and a reservoir, the probability of the\nsystem in state i with volume vi is shown to be proportional to exp(-vi/v0)\nwhere v0 is the average volume per molecule. Incorporating this factor into the\nsingle particle partition function automatically leads to an N-particle entropy\nthat is extensive without applying the N! correction factor. The exp(-vi/v0)\nfactor plays a similar role in describing the volume distribution as the\nBoltzmann factor which governs the energy distribution.",
        "positive": "Magnetic phase diagram of the S=1/2 antiferromagnetic zigzag spin chain\n  in the strongly frustrated region: cusp and plateau: We determine the magnetic phase diagram of the antiferromagnetic(AF) zigzag\nspin chain in the strongly frustrated region, using the density matrix\nrenormalization group method. We find the magnetization plateau at 1/3 of the\nfull moment accompanying the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the translation,\nthe cusp singularities above and/or below the plateau, and the even-odd effect\nin the magnetization curve. We also discuss the formation mechanisms of the\nplateau and cusps briefly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling Behavior of Fractional Growth Processes: An exact solution is introduced for one dimensional space-fractional\nEdwards-Wilkinson equation. It is shown that the roughness obeys the\nFamily-Viscek dynamic scaling form and the scaling exponents is derived. It is\nseen that the scaling exponents are different from those coming from ordinary\nEdwards-Wilkinson equation and depend on the fractional order. Scaling\nexponents in the presence of correlated noise is also obtained.",
        "positive": "Explicit formula of energy-conserving Fokker-Planck type collision term\n  for single species point vortex systems with weak mean flow: This paper derives a kinetic equation for a two-dimensional single species\npoint vortex system. We consider a situation (different from the ones\nconsidered previously) of weak mean flow where the time scale of the\nmacroscopic motion is longer than the decorrelation time so that the trajectory\nof the point vortices can be approximated by a straight line on the\ndecorrelation time scale. This may be the case when the number $N$ of point\nvortices is not too large. Using a kinetic theory based on the Klimontovich\nformalism, we derive a collision term consisting of a diffusion term and a\ndrift term, whose structure is similar to the Fokker-Planck equation. The\ncollision term exhibits several important properties: (a) it includes a\nnonlocal effect; (b) it conserves the mean field energy; (c) it satisfies the H\ntheorem; (d) its effect vanishes in each local equilibrium region with the same\ntemperature. When the system reaches a global equilibrium state, the collision\nterm completely converges to zero all over the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficient sampling of atomic configurational spaces: We describe a method to explore the configurational phase space of chemical\nsystems. It is based on the nested sampling algorithm recently proposed by\nSkilling [Skilling J. (2004) In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 735, p. 395.;\nSkilling J. (2006) J of Bayesian Analysis 1:833-860.] and allows us to explore\nthe entire potential energy surface (PES) efficiently in an unbiased way. The\nalgorithm has two parameters which directly control the trade-off between the\nresolution with which the space is explored and the computational cost. We\ndemonstrate the use of nested sampling on Lennard-Jones (LJ) clusters. Nested\nsampling provides a straightforward approximation for the partition function,\nthus evaluating expectation values of arbitrary smooth operators at arbitrary\ntemperatures becomes a simple post-processing step. Access to absolute free\nenergies allows us to determine the temperature-density phase diagram for LJ\ncluster stability. Even for relatively small clusters, the efficiency gain over\nparallel tempering in calculating the heat capacity is more than an order of\nmagnitude. Furthermore, by analysing the topology of the resulting samples we\nare able to visualise the PES in a new and illuminating way. We identify a\ndiscretely valued order parameter with basins and supra-basins of the PES\nallowing a straightforward and unambiguous definition of macroscopic states of\nan atomistic system and the evaluation of the associated free energies.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium entanglement asymmetry for discrete groups: the example\n  of the XY spin chain: The entanglement asymmetry is a novel quantity that, using entanglement\nmethods, measures how much a symmetry is broken in a part of an extended\nquantum system. So far it has only been used to characterise the breaking of\ncontinuous Abelian symmetries. In this paper, we extend the concept to cyclic\n$\\mathbb{Z}_N$ groups. As an application, we consider the XY spin chain, in\nwhich the ground state spontaneously breaks the $\\mathbb{Z}_2$ spin parity\nsymmetry in the ferromagnetic phase. We thoroughly investigate the\nnon-equilibrium dynamics of this symmetry after a global quantum quench,\ngeneralising known results for the standard order parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extended Scaling for Ferromagnets: A simple systematic rule, inspired by high-temperature series expansion\n(HTSE) results, is proposed for optimizing the expression for thermodynamic\nobservables of ferromagnets exhibiting critical behavior at $\\Tc$. This\n``extended scaling'' scheme leads to a protocol for the choice of scaling\nvariables, $\\tau=(T-\\Tc)/T$ or $(T^2 - \\Tc^2)/T^2$ depending on the observable\ninstead of $(T-\\Tc)/\\Tc$, and more importantly to temperature dependent\nnon-critical prefactors for each observable. The rule corresponds to scaling of\nthe leading of the reduced susceptibility above $\\Tc$ as $\\chi_{\\rm\nc}^{*}(T)\\sim \\tau^{-\\gamma}$ in agreement with standard practice with scaling\nvariable $\\tau$, and for the leading term of the second-moment correlation\nlength as $\\xi_{\\rm c}^{*}(T)\\sim T^{-1/2}\\tau^{-\\nu}$. For the specific heat\nin bipartite lattices the rule gives $C_{\\rm c}^{*}(T) \\sim T^{-2}[(T^2\n-\\Tc^2)/T^2]^{-\\alpha}$. The latter two expressions are not standard. The\nscheme can allow for confluent and non-critical correction terms. A stringent\ntest of the extended scaling is made through analyses of high precision\nnumerical and HTSE data, or {\\it real} data, on the three-dimensional canonical\nIsing, XY, and Heisenberg ferromagnets.",
        "positive": "Master equation approach to the theory of diffusion in alloys and\n  calculations of enhancement factors for tracer solvent and tracer solute\n  diffusion in FCC alloys: The earlier-suggested master equation approach is used to develop the\nconsistent statistical theory of diffusion in alloys using the five-frequency\nmodel of FCC alloys as an example. Expressions for the Onsager coefficients in\nterms of microscopic interatomic interactions and some statistical averages are\npresented. We discuss methods of calculations of these averages using both the\nmean-field and the pair-cluster approximation to describe influence of\nvacancy-solute and solute-solute interactions, and both the nearest-neighbor\nand the second-shell approximation to describe vacancy correlation effects. The\nmethods developed are used for calculations of enhancement factors which\ndetermine the concentration dependence of tracer self-diffusion and tracer\nsolute diffusion in dilute FCC alloys. For the tracer self-diffusion, we show\nthat some significant contribution to the enhancement factor related to the\nthermodynamic activity of vacancies was missed in the previous treatments of\nthis problem. It implies that the most of existing estimates of parameters of\nthe five-frequency model for real alloys should be revised. For the tracer\nsolute diffusion, the expression for the enhancement factor seems to be\npresented for the first time. The results obtained are used to estimate the\nmicroscopic parameters important for diffusion, including the vacancy-solute\ninteraction, in several FCC alloys for which necessary experimental data are\navailable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Separation in Systems of Interacting Active Brownian Particles: The aim of this paper is to discuss the mathematical modeling of Brownian\nactive particle systems, a recently popular paradigmatic system for\nself-propelled particles. We present four microscopic models with different\ntypes of repulsive interactions between particles and their associated\nmacroscopic models, which are formally obtained using different coarse-graining\nmethods. The macroscopic limits are integro-differential equations for the\ndensity in phase space (positions and orientations) of the particles and may\ninclude nonlinearities in both the diffusive and advective components. In\ncontrast to passive particles, systems of active particles can undergo phase\nseparation without any attractive interactions, a mechanism known as\nmotility-induced phase separation (MIPS). We explore the onset of such a\ntransition for each model in the parameter space of occupied volume fraction\nand P\\'eclet number via a linear stability analysis and numerical simulations\nat both the microscopic and macroscopic levels. We establish that one of the\nmodels, namely the mean-field model which assumes long-range repulsive\ninteractions, cannot explain the emergence of MIPS. In contrast, MIPS is\nobserved for the remaining three models that assume short-range interactions\nthat localize the interaction terms in space.",
        "positive": "Finite-size corrections and scaling for the dimer model on the\n  checkerboard lattice: Lattice models are useful for understanding behaviors of interacting complex\nmany-body systems. The lattice dimer model has been proposed to study the\nadsorption of diatomic molecules on a substrate. Here we analyze the partition\nfunction of the dimer model on an $2 M \\times 2 N$ checkerboard lattice wrapped\non a torus and derive the exact asymptotic expansion of the logarithm of the\npartition function. We find that the internal energy at the critical point is\nequal to zero. We also derive the exact finite-size corrections for the free\nenergy, the internal energy, and the specific heat. Using the exact partition\nfunction and finite-size corrections for the dimer model on finite checkerboard\nlattice we obtain finite-size scaling functions for the free energy, the\ninternal energy, and the specific heat of the dimer model. We investigate the\nproperties of the specific heat near the critical point and find that\nspecific-heat pseudocritical point coincides with the critical point of the\nthermodynamic limit, which means that the specific-heat shift exponent\n$\\lambda$ is equal to $\\infty$. We have also considered the limit $N \\to\n\\infty$ for which we obtain the expansion of the free energy for the dimer\nmodel on the infinitely long cylinder. From a finite-size analysis we have\nfound that two conformal field theories with the central charges $c = 1$ for\nthe height function description and $c = -2$ for the construction using a\nmapping of spanning trees can be used to describe the dimer model on the\ncheckerboard lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Role of Depletion on the Dynamics of a Diffusing Forager: We study the dynamics of a starving random walk in general spatial dimension\n$d$. This model represents an idealized description for the fate of an unaware\nforager whose motion is not affected by the presence or absence of resources.\nThe forager depletes its environment by consuming resources and dies if it\nwanders too long without finding food. In the exactly-solvable case of one\ndimension, we explicitly derive the average lifetime of the walk and the\ndistribution for the number of distinct sites visited by the walk at the\ninstant of starvation. We also give a heuristic derivation for the averages of\nthese two quantities. We tackle the complex but ecologically-relevant case of\ntwo dimensions by an approximation in which the depleted zone is assumed to\nalways be circular and which grows incrementally each time the walk reaches the\nedge of this zone. Within this framework, we derive a lower bound for the\nscaling of the average lifetime and number of distinct sites visited at\nstarvation. We also determine the asymptotic distribution of the number of\ndistinct sites visited at starvation. Finally, we solve the case of high\nspatial dimensions within a mean-field approach.",
        "positive": "Lattice Green's functions for kagome, diced and hyperkagome lattices: Lattice Green's functions (LGF) and density of states (DOS) for\nnon-interacting models on 3 related lattices are presented. The DOS and LGF at\nthe origin for the kagome and diced lattices are rederived. Furthermore, from\nthe form obtained for the DOS of the hyperkagome lattice, it seems highly\nsuggestive that a closed form expression can be obtained if a particular\ncomplicated yet highly symmetrical integral can be solved. The results have\nbeen checked numerically. The continuum of energy states in the hyperkagome\nlattice and the appearance of a zero in the kagome lattice may be explicitly\nseen from the formulae obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature fluctuations in mesoscopic systems: We study temperature fluctuations in mesoscopic $N$-body systems undergoing\nnon-equilibrium processes from the perspective of stochastic thermodynamics. By\nintroducing a stochastic differential equation, we describe the evolution of\nthe system's temperature during an isothermal process, with the noise term\naccounting for finite-size effects arising from random energy transfer between\nthe system and the reservoir. Our analysis reveals that these fluctuations make\nthe extensive quantities (in the thermodynamic limit) deviate from being\nextensive for consistency with the theory of equilibrium fluctuation. Moreover,\nwe derive finite-size corrections to the Jarzynski equality, providing insights\ninto how heat capacity influences such corrections. Also, our results indicate\na possible violation of the principle of maximum work by an amount proportional\nto $N^{-1}$. Additionally, we examine the impact of temperature fluctuations in\na finite-size quasi-static Carnot engine. We show that irreversible entropy\nproduction resulting from the temperature fluctuations of the working substance\ndiminishes the average efficiency of the cycle as $\\eta_{\\rm{C}}-\\left\\langle\n\\eta\\right\\rangle \\sim N^{-1}$, highlighting the unattainability of the Carnot\nefficiency $\\eta_{\\rm{C}}$ for mesoscopic-scale heat engines even under the\nquasi-static limit",
        "positive": "Relaxation to a Perpetually Pulsating Equilibrium: Paper in honour of Freeman Dyson on the occasion of his 80th birthday.\n  Normal N-body systems relax to equilibrium distributions in which classical\nkinetic energy components are 1/2 kT, but, when inter-particle forces are an\ninverse cubic repulsion together with a linear (simple harmonic) attraction,\nthe system pulsates for ever. In spite of this pulsation in scale, r(t), other\ndegrees of freedom relax to an ever-changing Maxwellian distribution. With a\nnew time, tau, defined so that r^2d/dt =d/d tau it is shown that the remaining\ndegrees of freedom evolve with an unchanging reduced Hamiltonian. The\ndistribution predicted by equilibrium statistical mechanics applied to the\nreduced Hamiltonian is an ever-pulsating Maxwellian in which the temperature\npulsates like r^-2. Numerical simulation with 1000 particles demonstrate a\nrapid relaxation to this pulsating equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The cross-over from 2D to 3D percolation and its relationship to glass\n  transition in thin films. Theory and numerical simulations: We consider here the percolation problem in thin films, both in the direction\nnormal to the film and in the direction parallel to the film. We thereby\ndescribe here the cross-over between 2D and 3D percolation, which we do on\ncubic and square lattices. The main relations are derived using scaling and\nreal space renormalisation arguments. They are checked by numerical\nsimulations, which also provide the numerical prefactors. We calculate in\nparticular the correlation length parallel to the film, the average mass and\nthe mass distribution $n(m)$ of the clusters. In particular, we show that the\nlatter is given by a master function of $h^{-D+1/\\sigma_{2}\\nu_{3}}|\np-p_{c}(h)|^{1/\\sigma_{2}} m$, where $h$ is the thickness of the film and\n$D,\\nu_3,\\sigma_2$ are tabulated 2D and 3D critical exponents. $p_c(h)$ is the\npercolation threshold of the film which we also calculate. These results are of\ninterest in particular for describing the glass transition in thin polymer\nfilms.",
        "positive": "A Transfer Matrix study of the staggered BCSOS model: The phase diagram of the staggered six vertex, or body centered solid on\nsolid model, is investigated by transfer matrix and finite size scaling\ntechniques. The phase diagram contains a critical region, bounded by a\nKosterlitz-Thouless line, and a second order line describing a deconstruction\ntransition. In part of the phase diagram the deconstruction line and the\nKosterlitz-Thouless line approach each other without merging, while the\ndeconstruction changes its critical behaviour from Ising-like to a different\nuniversality class. Our model has the same type of symmetries as some other\ntwo-dimensional models, such as the fully frustrated XY model, and may be\nimportant for understanding their phase behaviour. The thermal behaviour for\nweak staggering is intricate. It may be relevant for the description of\nsurfaces of ionic crystals of CsCl structure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Remark on Integrability of Stochastic Systems Solvable by Matrix\n  Product Ansatz: Within the Matrix Product Formalism we have already introduced a multi-\nspecies exclusion process in which different particles hop with different rates\nand fast particles stochastically overtake slow ones. In this letter we show\nthat on an open chain, the master equation of this process can be exactly\nsolved via the coordinate Bethe ansatz. It is shown that the N-body S-matrix of\nthis process is factorized into a product of two-body S-matrices, which in turn\nsatisfy the quantum Yang-Baxter equation (QYBE). This solution is to our\nknowledge, a new solution of QYBE.",
        "positive": "Brownian-Vacancy Mediated Disordering Dynamics: The disordering of an initially phase segregated system of finite size,\ninduced by the presence of highly mobile vacancies, is shown to exhibit dynamic\nscaling in its late stages.\n  A set of characteristic exponents is introduced and computed analytically, in\nexcellent agreement with Monte Carlo data. In particular, the characteristic\ntime scale, controlling the crossover between increasing disorder and\nsaturation, is found to depend on the exponent scaling the number of vacancies\nin the sample."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the number of clusters for planar graphs: The Tutte polynomial is a powerfull analytic tool to study the structure of\nplanar graphs. In this paper, we establish some relations between the number of\nclusters per bond for planar graph and its dual : these relations bring into\nplay the coordination number of the graphs. The factorial moment measure of the\nnumber of clusters per bond are given using the derivative of the Tutte\npolynomial. Examples are presented for simple planar graph. The cases of\nsquare, triangular, honeycomb, Archimedean and Laves lattices are discussed.",
        "positive": "Slow Coarsening in a Class of Driven Systems: The coarsening process in a class of driven systems is studied. These systems\nhave previously been shown to exhibit phase separation and slow coarsening in\none dimension. We consider generalizations of this class of models to higher\ndimensions. In particular we study a system of three types of particles that\ndiffuse under local conserving dynamics in two dimensions. Arguments and\nnumerical studies are presented indicating that the coarsening process in any\nnumber of dimensions is logarithmically slow in time. A key feature of this\nbehavior is that the interfaces separating the various growing domains are\nsmooth (well approximated by a Fermi function). This implies that the\ncoarsening mechanism in one dimension is readily extendible to higher\ndimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaled Bregman divergences in a Tsallis scenario: There exist two different versions of the Kullback-Leibler divergence (K-Ld)\nin Tsallis statistics, namely the usual generalized K-Ld and the generalized\nBregman K-Ld. Problems have been encountered in trying to reconcile them. A\ncondition for consistency between these two generalized K-Ld-forms by recourse\nto the additive duality of Tsallis statistics is derived. It is also shown that\nthe usual generalized K-Ld subjected to this additive duality, known as the\ndual generalized K-Ld, is a scaled Bregman divergence. This leads to an\ninteresting conclusion: the dual generalized mutual information is a scaled\nBregman information. The utility and implications of these results are\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Work probability distribution and tossing a biased coin: We show that the rare events present in dissipated work that enters Jarzynski\nequality, when mapped appropriately to the phenomenon of large deviations found\nin a biased coin toss, are enough to yield a quantitative work probability\ndistribution for Jarzynski equality. This allows us to propose a recipe for\nconstructing work probability distribution independent of the details of any\nrelevant system. The underlying framework, developed herein, is expected to be\nof use in modelling other physical phenomena where rare events play an\nimportant role."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Analysis of Airport Network of China: Through the study of airport network of China (ANC), composed of 128 airports\n(nodes) and 1165 flights (edges), we show the topological structure of ANC\nconveys two characteristics of small worlds, a short average path length\n(2.067) and a high degree of clustering (0.733). The cumulative degree\ndistributions of both directed and undirected ANC obey two-regime power laws\nwith different exponents, i.e., the so-called Double Pareto Law. In-degrees and\nout-degrees of each airport have positive correlations, whereas the undirected\ndegrees of adjacent airports have significant linear anticorrelations. It is\ndemonstrated both weekly and daily cumulative distributions of flight weights\n(frequencies) of ANC have power-law tails. Besides, the weight of any given\nflight is proportional to the degrees of both airports at the two ends of that\nflight. It is also shown the diameter of each sub-cluster (consisting of an\nairport and all those airports to which it is linked) is inversely proportional\nto its density of connectivity. Efficiency of ANC and of its sub-clusters are\nmeasured through a simple definition. In terms of that, the efficiency of ANC's\nsub-clusters increases as the density of connectivity does. ANC is found to\nhave an efficiency of 0.484.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of the dilute magnet LiHo_xY_{1-x}F_4: We study the effective long-range Ising dipole model with a local exchange\ninteraction appropriate for the dilute magnetic compound LiHo_{x}Y_{1-x}F_4.\nOur calculations yield a value of 0.12 K for the nearest neighbor exchange\ninteraction. Using a Monte Carlo method we calculate the phase boundary T_c(x)\nbetween the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases. We demonstrate that the\nexperimentally observed linear decrease in T_c with dilution is not the simple\nmean-field result, but a combination of the effects of fluctuations, the\nexchange interaction and the hyperfine coupling. Furthermore, we find a\ncritical dilution x_c=0.21(2), below which there is no ordering. In agreement\nwith recent Monte Carlo simulations on a similar model, we find no evidence of\nthe experimentally observed freezing of the glassy state in our calculation. We\napply the theory of Stephen and Aharony to LiHo_{x}Y_{1-x}F_4 and find that the\ntheory does predict a finite-temperature freezing of the spin glass. Reasons\nfor the discrepancies are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Potential landscape of high dimensional nonlinear stochastic dynamics\n  with large noise: Quantifying stochastic processes is essential to understand many natural\nphenomena, particularly in biology, including cell-fate decision in\ndevelopmental processes as well as genesis and progression of cancers. While\nvarious attempts have been made to construct potential landscape in high\ndimensional systems and to estimate rare transitions, they are practically\nlimited to cases where either noise is small or detailed balance condition\nholds. A general and practical approach to investigate nonequilibrium systems\ntypically subject to finite or large multiplicative noise and breakdown of\ndetailed balance remains elusive. Here, we formulate a computational framework\nto address this important problem. The current approach is based on a least\naction principle to efficiently calculate potential landscapes of systems under\narbitrary noise strength and without detailed balance. With the deterministic\nstability structure preserving A-type stochastic integration, the potential\nbarrier between different (local) stable stables is directly computable. We\ndemonstrate our approach in a numerically accurate manner through solvable\nexamples. We further apply the method to investigate the role of noise on tumor\nheterogeneity in a 38 dimensional network model for prostate cancer, and\nprovide a new strategy on controlling cell populations by manipulating noise\nstrength.",
        "positive": "Energy Conversion and Entropy Production in Biased Random Walk Processes\n  -- from Discrete Modeling to the Continuous Limit: We consider discrete and continuous representations of a thermodynamic\nprocess in which a random walker (e.g. a molecular motor on a molecular track)\nuses a periodically pumped energy (work) to pass $N$ sites and move\nenergetically downhill while dissipating heat. Interestingly, we find that,\nstarting from a discrete model, the limit in which the motion becomes\ncontinuous in space and time ($N\\to \\infty$) is not unique and depends on what\nphysical observables are assumed to be unchanged in the process. In particular,\none may (as usually done) choose to keep the speed and diffusion coefficient\nfixed during this limiting process, in which case the entropy production is\naffected. In addition, we study also processes in which the entropy production\nis kept constant as $N\\to \\infty$ at the cost of modified speed or diffusion\ncoefficient. Furthermore, we also combine this dynamics with work against an\nopposing force, which makes it possible to study the effect of discretization\nof the process on the thermodynamic efficiency of transferring power input to\npower output. Interestingly, we find that the efficiency is increased in the\nlimit of $N\\to\\infty$. Finally, we investigate the same process when\ntransitions between sites can only happen at finite time intervals and study\nthe impact of this time discretization on the thermodynamic variables as the\ncontinuous limit is approached."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sudden removal of a static force in a disordered system: Induced\n  dynamics, thermalization, and transport: We study the real-time dynamics of local occupation numbers in a\none-dimensional model of spinless fermions with a random on-site potential for\na certain class of initial states. The latter are thermal (mixed or pure)\nstates of the model in the presence of an additional static force, but become\nnon-equilibrium states after a sudden removal of this static force. For this\nclass and high temperatures, we show that the induced dynamics is given by a\nsingle correlation function at equilibrium, independent of the initial\nexpectation values being prepared close to equilibrium (by a weak static force)\nor far away from equilibrium (by a strong static force). Remarkably, this type\nof universality holds true in both, the ergodic phase and the many-body\nlocalized regime. Moreover, it does not depend on the specific choice of a unit\ncell for the local density. We particularly discuss two important consequences.\nFirst, the long-time expectation value of the local density is uniquely\ndetermined by the fluctuations of its diagonal matrix elements in the energy\neigenbasis. Thus, the validity of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis is\nnot only a sufficient but also a necessary condition for thermalization.\nSecond, the real-time broadening of density profiles is always given by the\ncurrent autocorrelation function at equilibrium via a generalized Einstein\nrelation. In the context of transport, we discuss the influence of disorder for\nlarge particle-particle interactions, where normal diffusion is known to occur\nin the disorder-free case. Our results suggest that normal diffusion is stable\nagainst weak disorder, while they are consistent with anomalous diffusion for\nstronger disorder below the localization transition. Particularly, for weak\ndisorder, Gaussian density profiles can be observed for single disorder\nrealizations, which we demonstrate for finite lattices up to 31 sites.",
        "positive": "The sharp peak-flat trough pattern and critical speculation: We find empirically a characteristic sharp peak-flat trough pattern in a\nlarge set of commodity prices. We argue that the sharp peak structure reflects\nan endogenous inter-market organization, and that peaks may be seen as local\n``singularities'' resulting from imitation and herding. These findings impose a\nnovel stringent constraint on the construction of models. Intermittent\namplification is not sufficient and nonlinear effects seem necessary to account\nfor the observations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetoelastic nature of solid oxygen epsilon-phase structure: For a long time a crystal structure of high-pressure epsilon-phase of solid\noxygen was a mistery. Basing on the results of recent experiments that have\nsolved this riddle we show that the magnetic and crystal structure of\nepsilon-phase can be explained by strong exchange interactions of\nantiferromagnetic nature. The singlet state implemented on quaters of O2\nmolecules has the minimal exchange energy if compared to other possible singlet\nstates (dimers, trimers). Magnetoelastic forces that arise from the spatial\ndependence of the exchange integral give rise to transformation of 4(O2)\nrhombuses into the almost regular quadrates. Antiferromagnetic character of the\nexchange interactions stabilizes distortion of crystal lattice in epsilon-phase\nand impedes such a distortion in long-range alpha- and delta-phases.",
        "positive": "Martingale theory for housekeeping heat: The housekeeping heat is the energy exchanged between a system and its\nenvironment in a nonequilibrium process that results from the violation of\ndetailed balance. We describe fluctuations of the housekeeping heat in\nmesoscopic systems using the theory of martingales, a mathematical framework\nwidely used in probability theory and finance. We show that the exponentiated\nhousekeeping heat (in units of $k_{\\rm B}T$, with $k_{\\rm B}$ the Boltzmann\nconstant and $T$ the temperature) of a Markovian nonequilibrium process under\narbitrary time-dependent driving is a martingale process. From this result, we\nderive universal equalities and inequalities for the statistics of\nstopping-times and suprema of the housekeeping heat. We test our results with\nnumerical simulations of a system driven out of equilibrium and described by\nLangevin dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical phase transitions in supercooled liquids: interpreting\n  measurements of dynamical activity: We study dynamical phase transitions in a model supercooled liquid. These\ntransitions occur in ensembles of trajectories that are biased towards low (or\nhigh) dynamical activity. We compare two different measures of activity that\nwere introduced in recent papers and we find that they are anti-correlated with\neach other. To interpret this result, we show that the two measures couple to\nmotion on different length and time scales. We find that inactive states with\nvery slow structural relaxation nevertheless have increased molecular motion on\nshort scales. We discuss these results in terms of the potential energy\nlandscape of the system and in terms of the liquid structure in active/inactive\nstates.",
        "positive": "Exact solution of a Z(4) gauge Potts model on planar lattices: The exact solution of a general Z(4) gauge Potts model with a single and\ndouble plaquette representation of the action is found on a subspace of\ngauge-coupling parameters on the square and triangular lattices. The two\nIsing-type critical lines of a second-order phase transition for the model on a\nsquare lattice are found. For the model on a triangular lattice the two\ncritical surfaces of an Ising-type and two nontrivial lines of a second-order\nphase transition with different critical behavior than on the critical surfaces\nare found. It is shown that a two dimensional (2D) general Z(4) gauge Potts\nmodel with single and double plaquette representation of the action and a 2D\nspin-3/2 Ising model belong to the same universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of polymer translocation through a flickering nanopore under an\n  alternating driving force: We develop a theory for polymer translocation driven by a time-dependent\nforce through an oscillating nanopore. To this end, we extend the iso-flux\ntension propagation theory (IFTP) [Sarabadani \\textit{et al., J. Chem. Phys.},\n2014, \\textbf{141}, 214907] for such a setup. We assume that the external\ndriving force in the pore has a component oscillating in time, and the\nflickering pore is similarly described by an oscillating term in the pore\nfriction. In addition to numerically solving the model, we derive analytical\napproximations that are in good agreement with the numerical simulations. Our\nresults show that by controlling either the force or pore oscillations, the\ntranslocation process can be either sped up or slowed down depending on the\nfrequency of the oscillations and the characteristic time scale of the process.\nWe also show that while in the low and high frequency limits the translocation\ntime $\\tau$ follows the established scaling relation with respect to chain\nlength $N_0$, in the intermediate frequency regime small periodic fluctuations\ncan have drastic effects on the dynamical scaling. The results can be easily\ngeneralized for non-periodic oscillations and elucidate the role of time\ndependent forces and pore oscillations in driven polymer translocation.",
        "positive": "Short-time large deviations of the spatially averaged height of a KPZ\n  interface on a ring: Using the optimal fluctuation method, we evaluate the short-time probability\ndistribution $P (\\bar{H}, L, t=T)$ of the spatially averaged height $\\bar{H} =\n(1/L) \\int_0^L h(x, t=T) \\, dx$ of a one-dimensional interface $h(x, t)$\ngoverned by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation $$ \\partial_th=\\nu\n\\partial_x^2h+\\frac{\\lambda}{2} \\left(\\partial_xh\\right)^2+\\sqrt{D}\\xi(x,t) $$\non a ring of length $L$. The process starts from a flat interface,\n$h(x,t=0)=0$. Both at $\\lambda \\bar{H} < 0$, and at sufficiently small positive\n$\\lambda \\bar{H}$ the optimal (that is, the least-action) path $h(x,t)$ of the\ninterface, conditioned on $\\bar{H}$, is uniform in space, and the distribution\n$P (\\bar{H}, L, T)$ is Gaussian. However, at sufficiently large $\\lambda\n\\bar{H} > 0$ the spatially uniform solution becomes sub-optimal and gives way\nto non-uniform optimal paths. We study them, and the resulting non-Gaussian\ndistribution $P (\\bar{H}, L, T)$, analytically and numerically. The loss of\noptimality of the uniform solution occurs via a dynamical phase transition of\neither first, or second order, depending on the rescaled system size $\\ell =\nL/\\sqrt{\\nu T}$, at a critical value $\\bar{H}=\\bar{H}_{\\text{c}}(\\ell)$. At\nlarge but finite $\\ell$ the transition is of first order. Remarkably, it\nbecomes an \"accidental\" second-order transition in the limit of $\\ell \\to\n\\infty$, where a large-deviation behavior $-\\ln P (\\bar{H}, L, T) \\simeq (L/T)\nf(\\bar{H})$ (in the units $\\lambda=\\nu=D=1$) is observed. At small $\\ell$ the\ntransition is of second order, while at $\\ell =O(1)$ transitions of both types\noccur."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic roughening in a realistic model of non-conserved interface\n  growth: We provide a quantitative picture of non-conserved interface growth from a\ndiffusive field making special emphasis on two main issues, the range of\nvalidity of the effective small-slopes (interfacial) theories and the interplay\nbetween the emergence of morphologically instabilities in the aggregate\ndynamics, and its kinetic roughening properties. Taking for definiteness\nelectrochemical deposition as our experimental field of reference, our\ntheoretical approach makes use of two complementary approaches: interfacial\neffective equations and a phase-field formulation of the electrodeposition\nprocess. Both descriptions allow us to establish a close quantitative\nconnection between theory and experiments. Moreover, we are able to correlate\nthe anomalous scaling properties seen in some experiments with the failure of\nthe small slope approximation, and to assess the effective re-emergence of\nstandard kinetic roughening properties at very long times under appropriate\nexperimental conditions.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium driven by an external torque in the presence of a\n  magnetic field: We investigate a motion of a colloid in a harmonic trap driven out of\nequilibrium by an external non-conservative force producing a torque in the\npresence of a uniform magnetic field. We find that steady state exists only for\na proper range of parameters such as mass, viscosity coefficient, and stiffness\nof the harmonic potential, and the magnetic field, which is not observed in the\noverdamped limit. We derive the existence condition for the steady state. We\nexamine the combined influence of the non-conservative force and the magnetic\nfield on non-equilibrium characteristics such as non-Boltzmann steady-state\nprobability distribution function, probability currents, entropy production,\nposition-velocity correlation, and violation of fluctuation-dissipation\nrelation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Role of parity transformation for the fluctuation theorem: Limit cycle\n  and symmetry breaking: The fluctuation theorem of the Crooks type is studied for thermodynamic\nnonlinear- multivariate systems. In particular, a bivariate system having a\nlimit cycle is discussed in detail. It is explicitly shown how the time\nreversal operation has to be combined with the parity transformation in order\nto derive the fluctuation theorem for the change of the renormalized entropy.\nFurthermore, breakdown of the symmetry in a limit-cycle model due to the effect\nof fluctuations is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Cusp singularities in boundary-driven diffusive systems: Boundary driven diffusive systems describe a broad range of transport\nphenomena. We study large deviations of the density profile in these systems,\nusing numerical and analytical methods. We find that the large deviation may be\nnon-differentiable, a phenomenon that is unique to non-equilibrium systems, and\ndiscuss the types of models which display such singularities.\\ The structure of\nthese singularities is found to generically be a cusp, which can be described\nby a Landau free energy or, equivalently, by catastrophe theory. Connections\nwith analogous results in systems with finite-dimensional phase spaces are\ndrawn."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How rare are diffusive rare events?: We study the time until first occurrence, the first-passage time, of rare\ndensity fluctuations in diffusive systems. We approach the problem using a\nmodel consisting of many independent random walkers on a lattice. The existence\nof spatial correlations makes this problem analytically intractable. However,\nfor a mean-field approximation in which the walkers can jump anywhere in the\nsystem, we obtain a simple asymptotic form for the mean first-passage time to\nhave a given number k of particles at a distinguished site. We show\nnumerically, and argue heuristically, that for large enough k, the mean-field\nresults give a good approximation for first-passage times for systems with\nnearest-neighbour dynamics, especially for two and higher spatial dimensions.\nFinally, we show how the results change when density fluctuations anywhere in\nthe system, rather than at a specific distinguished site, are considered.",
        "positive": "Lateral critical Casimir force in two-dimensional inhomogeneous Ising\n  strip. Exact results: We consider two-dimensional Ising strip bounded by two planar, inhomogeneous\nwalls. The inhomogeneity of each wall is modeled by a magnetic field acting on\nsurface spins. It is equal to $+h_1$ except for a group of $N_1$ sites where it\nis equal to $-h_1$. The inhomogeneities of the upper and lower wall are shifted\nwith respect to each other by a lateral distance $L$. Using exact\ndiagonalization of the transfer matrix, we study both the lateral and normal\ncritical Casimir forces as well as magnetization profiles for a wide range of\ntemperatures and system parameters. The lateral critical Casimir force tends to\nreduce the shift between the inhomogeneities, and the excess normal force is\nattractive. Upon increasing the shift $L$ we observe, depending on the\ntemperature, three different scenarios of breaking of the capillary bridge of\nnegative magnetization connecting the inhomogeneities of the walls across the\nstrip. As long as there exists a capillary bridge in the system, the magnitude\nof the excess total critical Casimir force is almost constant, with its\ndirection depending on $L$. By investigating the bridge morphologies we have\nfound a relation between the point at which the bridge breaks and the\ninflection point of the force. We provide a simple argument that some of the\nproperties reported here should also hold for a whole range of different models\nof the strip with the same type of inhomogeneity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation Spectra and Coarse Graining in Stochastic Dynamics: Fluctuations in small biological systems can be crucial for their function.\nLarge-deviation theory characterizes such rare events from the perspective of\nstochastic processes. In most cases it is very difficult to directly determine\nthe large-deviation functions. Circumventing this necessity, I present a method\nto quantify the fluctuation spectra for arbitrary Markovian models with finite\nstate space. Under non-equilibrium conditions, current-like observables are of\nspecial interest. The space of all current-like observables has a natural\ndecomposition into orthogonal complements. Remarkably, the fluctuation spectrum\nof any observable is entirely determined by only one of these components. The\nmethod is applied to study differences of fluctuations in setups sampling the\nsame dynamics at different resolutions. Coarse graining relates these models\nand can be done in a way that preserves expectation values of observables.\nHowever, the effects of the coarse graining on the fluctuations are not\nobvious. These differences are explicitly worked out for a simple model system.",
        "positive": "Signatures of Infinity: Nonergodicity and Resource Scaling in\n  Prediction, Complexity, and Learning: We introduce a simple analysis of the structural complexity of\ninfinite-memory processes built from random samples of stationary, ergodic\nfinite-memory component processes. Such processes are familiar from the well\nknown multi-arm Bandit problem. We contrast our analysis with\ncomputation-theoretic and statistical inference approaches to understanding\ntheir complexity. The result is an alternative view of the relationship between\npredictability, complexity, and learning that highlights the distinct ways in\nwhich informational and correlational divergences arise in complex ergodic and\nnonergodic processes. We draw out consequences for the resource divergences\nthat delineate the structural hierarchy of ergodic processes and for processes\nthat are themselves hierarchical."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal critical behavior and universality aspects of the\n  three-dimensional random-field Ising model: The three-dimensional bimodal random-field Ising model is investigated using\nthe N-fold version of the Wang-Landau algorithm. The essential energy subspaces\nare determined by the recently developed critical minimum energy subspace\ntechnique, and two implementations of this scheme are utilized. The random\nfields are obtained from a bimodal discrete $(\\pm\\Delta)$ distribution, and we\nstudy the model for various values of the disorder strength $\\Delta$,\n$\\Delta=0.5, 1, 1.5$ and 2, on cubic lattices with linear sizes $L=4-24$. We\nextract information for the probability distributions of the specific heat\npeaks over samples of random fields. This permits us to obtain the phase\ndiagram and present the finite-size behavior of the specific heat. The question\nof saturation of the specific heat is re-examined and it is shown that the open\nproblem of universality for the random-field Ising model is strongly influenced\nby the lack of self-averaging of the model. This property appears to be\nsubstantially depended on the disorder strength.",
        "positive": "A Local Fluctuation Theorem: The Fluctuation Theorem (FT) gives an analytic expression for the\nprobability, in a nonequilibrium system of finite size observed for a finite\ntime, that the dissipative flux will flow in the reverse direction to that\nrequired by the Second Law of Thermodynamics. In the present letter a Local\nversion of the Fluctuation Theorem (LFT), is derived. We find that in the case\nof planar Poiseuille flow of a Newtonian fluid between thermostatted walls,\nnon-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation results support LFT."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature effect on (2+1) experimental Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth: We report on the effect of substrate temperature (T) on both local structure\nand long-wavelength fluctuations of polycrystalline CdTe thin films deposited\non Si(001). A strong T-dependent mound evolution is observed and explained in\nterms of the energy barrier to inter-grain diffusion at grain boundaries, as\ncorroborated by Monte Carlo simulations. This leads to transitions from\nuncorrelated growth to a crossover from random-to-correlated growth and\ntransient anomalous scaling as T increases. Due to these finite-time effects,\nwe were not able to determine the universality class of the system through the\ncritical exponents. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that this can be circumvented\nby analyzing height, roughness and maximal height distributions, which allow us\nto prove that CdTe grows asymptotically according to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n(KPZ) equation in a broad range of T. More important, one finds positive\n(negative) velocity excess in the growth at low (high) T, indicating that it is\npossible to control the KPZ non-linearity by adjusting the temperature.",
        "positive": "Analytic Formulas for the Orientation Dependence of Step Stiffness and\n  Line Tension: Key Ingredients for Numerical Modeling: We present explicit analytic, twice-differentiable expressions for the\ntemperature-dependent anisotropic step line tension and step stiffness for the\ntwo principal surfaces of face-centered-cubic crystals, the square {001} and\nthe hexagonal {111}. These expressions improve on simple expressions that are\nvalid only for low temperatures and away from singular orientations. They are\nwell suited for implementation into numerical methods such as finite-element\nsimulation of step evolution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Defect Motion and Lattice Pinning Barrier in Josephson-Junction Ladders: We study motion of domain wall defects in a fully frustrated\nJosephson-unction ladder system, driven by small applied currents. For small\nsystem sizes, the energy barrier E_B to the defect motion is computed\nanalytically via symmetry and topological considerations. More generally, we\nperform numerical simulations directly on the equations of motion, based on the\nresistively-shunted junction model, to study the dynamics of defects, varying\nthe system size. Coherent motion of domain walls is observed for large system\nsizes. In the thermodynamical limit, we find E_B=0.1827 in units of the\nJosephson coupling energy.",
        "positive": "Complete spectrum of stochastic master equation for random walks on\n  treelike fractals: We study random walks on a family of treelike regular fractals with a trap\nfixed on a central node. We obtain all the eigenvalues and their corresponding\nmultiplicities for the associated stochastic master equation, with the\neigenvalues being provided through an explicit recursive relation. We also\nevaluate the smallest eigenvalue and show that its reciprocal is approximately\nequal to the mean trapping time. We expect that our technique can also be\nadapted to other regular fractals with treelike structures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractal spectrum of the phase space related to generalized\n  thermostatistics: We consider the set of monofractals within a multifractal related to the\nphase space being the support of a generalized thermostatistics. The\nstatistical weight exponent $\\tau(q)$ is shown to can be modeled by the\nhyperbolic tangent deformed in accordance with both Tsallis and Kaniadakis\nexponentials whose using allows one to describe explicitly arbitrary\nmultifractal phase space. The spectrum function $f(d)$, determining the\nspecific number of monofractals with reduced dimension $d$, is proved to\nincreases monotonically from minimum value $f=-1$ at $d=0$ to maximum $f=1$ at\n$d=1$. The number of monofractals is shown to increase with growth of the phase\nspace volume at small dimensions $d$ and falls down in the limit $d\\to 1$.",
        "positive": "Jaynes Machine: The universal microstructure of deep neural networks: We present a novel theory of the microstructure of deep neural networks.\nUsing a theoretical framework called statistical teleodynamics, which is a\nconceptual synthesis of statistical thermodynamics and potential game theory,\nwe predict that all highly connected layers of deep neural networks have a\nuniversal microstructure of connection strengths that is distributed\nlognormally ($LN({\\mu}, {\\sigma})$). Furthermore, under ideal conditions, the\ntheory predicts that ${\\mu}$ and ${\\sigma}$ are the same for all layers in all\nnetworks. This is shown to be the result of an arbitrage equilibrium where all\nconnections compete and contribute the same effective utility towards the\nminimization of the overall loss function. These surprising predictions are\nshown to be supported by empirical data from six large-scale deep neural\nnetworks in real life. We also discuss how these results can be exploited to\nreduce the amount of data, time, and computational resources needed to train\nlarge deep neural networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Euler-scale dynamical fluctuations in non-equilibrium interacting\n  integrable systems: We derive an exact formula for the scaled cumulant generating function of the\ntime-integrated current associated to an arbitrary ballistically transported\nconserved charge. Our results rely on the Euler-scale description of\ninteracting, many-body, integrable models out of equilibrium given by the\ngeneralized hydrodynamics, and on the large deviation theory. Crucially, our\nfindings extend previous studies by accounting for inhomogeneous and dynamical\ninitial states in interacting systems. We present exact expressions for the\nfirst three cumulants of the time-integrated current. Considering the\nnon-interacting limit of our general expression for the scaled cumulant\ngenerating function, we further show that for the partitioning protocol initial\nstate our result coincides with previous results of the literature. Given the\nuniversality of the generalized hydrodynamics, the expression obtained for the\nscaled cumulant generating function is applicable to any interacting integrable\nmodel obeying the hydrodynamic equations, both classical and quantum.",
        "positive": "Bending-Filament Model for the Buckling and Coiling Instability of\n  Viscous Fluid Rope: A simple model is proposed for the buckling and coiling instability of a\nviscous \"fluid rope\" falling on a plane. By regarding a fluid rope as a\none-dimensional flow, this model accounts for only the axial and shared viscous\nforces. Our model successfully reproduces several experiments with no\nadjustable parameters, such as the existence of three distinct coiling regimes\nreported in Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 214502 (2004). Our model allows for the\ndiscussion of unsteady motion. An expression for the critical fall height at\nwhich the coiling frequency changes from a decrease to increase was\nphenomenologically derived. It was found that the coil-uncoil transition shows\nremarkable hysteresis only for weak gravity condition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Ergodicity of Nose-Hoover chain thermostat in computationally\n  achievable time: The widely used Nose-Hoover chain (NHC) thermostat in molecular dynamics\nsimulations is generally believed to impart the canonical distribution as well\nas quasi- (i.e., space filling) ergodicity on the thermostatted physical system\n(PS). Working with the standard single harmonic oscillator, we prove\nanalytically that the two chain Nose-Hoover thermostat with unequal thermostat\nmasses approach the standard Nose-Hoover dynamics and hence the PS loses its\ncanonical and quasi-ergodic nature. We also show through numerical simulations\nover substantially long times that for certain Poincare sections, for both the\nequal and unequal thermostat mass cases, the bivariate distribution function of\nposition and momentum (${x,p}$) and of reservoir degrees of freedom\n($\\xi,\\eta$) lose their Gaussian nature. Further, the 4-dimensional\n$x-p-\\xi-\\eta$ extended phase space exhibits two holes of non-zero measure. The\nNHC thermostat therefore does not generate the canonical distribution or\npreserve quasi-ergodicity for the PS.",
        "positive": "Efficiency fluctuations in microscopic machines: Nanoscale machines are strongly influenced by thermal fluctuations, contrary\nto their macroscopic counterparts. As a consequence, even the efficiency of\nsuch microscopic machines becomes a fluctuating random variable. Using\ngeometric properties and the fluctuation theorem for the total entropy\nproduction, a `universal theory of efficiency fluctuations' at long times, for\nmachines with a finite state space, was developed in [Verley \\textit{et al.},\nNat.~Commun.~\\textbf{5}, 4721 (2014); Phys.~Rev.~E~\\textbf{90}, 052145 (2014)].\nWe extend this theory to machines with an arbitrary state space. Thereby, we\nwork out more detailed prerequisites for the `universal features' and explain\nunder which circumstances deviations can occur. We also illustrate our findings\nwith exact results for two non-trivial models of colloidal engines."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "\"Spherical\" 3-State Potts Spin Glass: Exact Solution: A continuous 3-state Potts model with an analog of spherical constraints is\nproposed and is shown to have an exact solution in the case of infinite-ranged\ninteractions. \"Spherical\" 3-state Potts spin glass model is solved using the\nknown properties of a large random matrix. For this model the results are\nidentical to those obtained by the replica approach for replica symmetric\nsolution.",
        "positive": "Legendre transforms of the fundamental thermodynamic relation and\n  statistical ensembles: We show how the Legendre transforms of the fundamental thermodynamic relation\ncan be used to introduce different statistical ensembles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Phases of Cold Polar Molecules in 2D Optical Lattices: We discuss the quantum phases of hard-core bosons on a two-dimensional square\nlattice interacting via repulsive dipole-dipole interactions, as realizable\nwith polar molecules trapped in optical lattices. In the limit of small\ntunneling, we find evidence for a devil's staircase, where solid phases appear\nat all rational fillings of the underlying lattice. For finite tunneling, we\nestablish the existence of extended regions of parameters where the groundstate\nis a supersolid, obtained by doping the solids either with particles or\nvacancies. Here the solid-superfluid quantum melting transition consists of two\nconsecutive second-order transitions, with a supersolid as the intermediate\nphase. The effects of finite temperature and confining potentials relevant to\nexperiments are discussed.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear Volatility of River Flux Fluctuations: We study the spectral properties of the magnitudes of river flux increments,\nthe volatility. The volatility series exhibits (i) strong seasonal periodicity\nand (ii) strongly power-law correlations for time scales less than one year. We\ntest the nonlinear properties of the river flux increment series by randomizing\nits Fourier phases and find that the surrogate volatility series (i) has almost\nno seasonal periodicity and (ii) is weakly correlated for time scales less than\none year. We quantify the degree of nonlinearity by measuring (i) the amplitude\nof the power spectrum at the seasonal peak and (ii) the correlation power-law\nexponent of the volatility series."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extended Detailed Balance for Systems with Irreversible Reactions: The principle of detailed balance states that in equilibrium each elementary\nprocess is equilibrated by its reverse process. For many real physico-chemical\ncomplex systems (e.g. homogeneous combustion, heterogeneous catalytic\noxidation, most enzyme reactions etc), detailed mechanisms include both\nreversible and irreversible reactions. In this case, the principle of detailed\nbalance cannot be applied directly. We represent irreversible reactions as\nlimits of reversible steps and obtain the principle of detailed balance for\ncomplex mechanisms with some irreversible elementary processes. We proved two\nconsequences of the detailed balance for these mechanisms: the structural\ncondition and the algebraic condition that form together the extended form of\ndetailed balance. The algebraic condition is the principle of detailed balance\nfor the reversible part. The structural condition is: the convex hull of the\nstoichiometric vectors of the irreversible reactions has empty intersection\nwith the linear span of the stoichiometric vectors of the reversible reaction.\nPhysically, this means that the irreversible reactions cannot be included in\noriented pathways. The systems with the extended form of detailed balance are\nalso the limits of the reversible systems with detailed balance when some of\nthe equilibrium concentrations (or activities) tend to zero. Surprisingly, the\nstructure of the limit reaction mechanism crucially depends on the relative\nspeeds of this tendency to zero.",
        "positive": "Speed limit for a highly irreversible process and tight finite-time\n  Landauer's bound: Landauer's bound is the minimum thermodynamic cost for erasing one bit of\ninformation. As this bound is achievable only for quasistatic processes,\nfinite-time operation incurs additional energetic costs. We find a tight\nfinite-time Landauer's bound by establishing a general form of the classical\nspeed limit. This tight bound well captures the divergent behavior associated\nwith the additional cost of a highly irreversible process, which scales\ndifferently from a nearly irreversible process. We also find an optimal\ndynamics which saturates the equality of the bound. We demonstrate the validity\nof this bound via discrete one-bit and coarse-grained bit systems. Our work\nimplies that more heat dissipation than expected occurs during high-speed\nirreversible computation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Some basic aspects of quantum phase transitions: Several basic problems of the theory of quantum phase transitions are\nreviewed. The effect of the quantum correlations on the phase transition\nproperties is considered with the help of basic models of statistical physics.\nThe effect of quenched disorder on the quantum phase transitions is also\ndiscussed. The review is performed within the framework of the thermodynamic\nscaling theory and by the most general methods of statistical physics for the\ntreatment of phase transitions: general length-scale arguments, exact\nsolutions, mean field approximation, Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation,\nFeynman path integral approach, and renormalization group in the field\ntheoretical variant. Some new ideas and results are presented. Outstanding\ntheoretical problems are mentioned.",
        "positive": "Exact Solution of a Monomer-Dimer Problem: A Single Boundary Monomer on\n  a Non-Bipartite Lattice: We solve the monomer-dimer problem on a non-bipartite lattice, the simple\nquartic lattice with cylindrical boundary conditions, with a single monomer\nresiding on the boundary. Due to the non-bipartite nature of the lattice, the\nwell-known method of a Temperley bijection of solving single-monomer problems\ncannot be used. In this paper we derive the solution by mapping the problem\nonto one on close-packed dimers on a related lattice. Finite-size analysis of\nthe solution is carried out. We find from asymptotic expansions of the free\nenergy that the central charge in the logarithmic conformal field theory\nassumes the value $c=-2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy spectrum and critical exponents of the free parafermion $Z_N$\n  spin chain: Results are given for the ground state energy and excitation spectrum of a\nsimple $N$-state $Z_N$ spin chain described by free parafermions. The model is\nnon-Hermitian for $N \\ge 3$ with a real ground state energy and a complex\nexcitation spectrum. Although having a simpler Hamiltonian than the\nsuperintegrable chiral Potts model, the model is seen to share some properties\nwith it, e.g., the specific heat exponent $\\alpha=1-2/N$ and the anisotropic\ncorrelation length exponents $\\nu_\\parallel =1$ and $\\nu_\\perp=2/N$.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamic scales of integrable many-particle systems: The lecture notes cover the emergence of generalized hydrodynamics for the\nclassical and quantum Toda chain, the classical Calogero fluid, the\nAblowitz-Ladik discretization of the non-linear Schroedinger equation, and the\nLieb-Liniger delta-Bose gas. Such diverse models have structurally identical\nhydrodynamic equations. Added is a comparison with conventional soliton gases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasi-adiabatic quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for quantum evolution in\n  imaginary time: We propose a quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) algorithm for non-equilibrium dynamics\nin a system with a parameter varying as a function of time. The method is based\non successive applications of an evolving Hamiltonian to an initial state and\ndelivers results for a whole range of the tuning parameter in a single run,\nallowing for access to both static and dynamic properties of the system. This\napproach reduces to the standard Schr\\\"odinger dynamics in imaginary time for\nquasi-adiabatic evolutions, i.e., including the leading non-adiabatic\ncorrection to the adiabatic limit. We here demonstrate this quasi-adiabatic QMC\n(QAQMC) method for linear ramps of the transverse-field Ising model across its\nquantum-critical point in one and two dimensions. The critical behavior can be\ndescribed by generalized dynamic scaling. For the two-dimensional\nsquare-lattice system we use the method to obtain a high-precision estimate of\nthe quantum-critical point $(h/J)_c=3.04463(12)$, where $h$ is the transverse\nmagnetic field and $J$ the nearest-neighbor Ising coupling. The QAQMC method\ncan also be used to extract the Berry curvature and the metric tensor.",
        "positive": "Fractional calculus and continuous-time finance II: the waiting-time\n  distribution: We complement the theory of tick-by-tick dynamics of financial markets based\non a Continuous-Time Random Walk (CTRW) model recently proposed by Scalas et\nal., and we point out its consistency with the behaviour observed in the\nwaiting-time distribution for BUND future prices traded at LIFFE, London."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reentrant phase transition in a predator-prey model: We numerically investigate the six-species predator-prey game in complex\nnetworks as well as in $d$-dimensional hypercubic lattices with $d=1,2,..., 6$.\nThe interaction topology of the six species contains two loops, each of which\nis composed of cyclically predating three species. As the mutation rate $P$ is\nlowered below the well-defined phase transition point, the $Z_2$ symmetry\nrelated with the interchange of the two loops is spontaneously broken, and it\nhas been known that the system develops the defensive alliance in which three\ncyclically predating species defend each other against the invasion of other\nspecies. In the small-world network structure characterized by the rewiring\nprobability $\\alpha$, the phase diagram shows the reentrant behavior as\n$\\alpha$ is varied, indicating a twofold role of the shortcuts. In\n$d$-dimensional regular hypercubic lattices, the system also exhibits the\nreentrant phase transition as $d$ is increased. We identify universality class\nof the phase transition and discuss the proper mean-field limit of the system.",
        "positive": "Superfluid-insulator transitions of two-species Bosons in an optical\n  lattice: We consider a realization of the two-species bosonic Hubbard model with\nvariable interspecies interaction and hopping strength. We analyze the\nsuperfluid-insulator (SI) transition for the relevant parameter regimes and\ncompute the ground state phase diagram for odd filling at commensurate\ndensities. We find that in contrast to the even commensurate filling case, the\nsuperfluid-insulator transition occurs with (a) simultaneous onset of\nsuperfluidity of both species or (b) coexistence of Mott insulating state of\none species and superfluidity of the other or, in the case of unit filling, (c)\ncomplete depopulation of one species. The superfluid-insulator transition can\nbe first order in a large region of the phase diagram. We develop a variational\nmean-field method which takes into account the effect of second order quantum\nfluctuations on the superfluid-insulator transition and corroborate the\nmean-field phase diagram using a quantum Monte Carlo study."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Excitations are localized and relaxation is hierarchical in\n  glass-forming liquids: For several atomistic models of glass formers, at conditions below their\nglassy dynamics onset temperatures, ${T_\\mathrm{o}}$, we use importance\nsampling of trajectory space to study the structure, statistics and dynamics of\nexcitations responsible for structural relaxation. Excitations are detected in\nterms of persistent particle displacements of length $a$. At supercooled\nconditions, for $a$ of the order of or smaller than a particle diameter, we\nfind that excitations are associated with correlated particle motions that are\nsparse and localized, occupying a volume with an average radius that is\ntemperature independent and no larger than a few particle diameters. We show\nthat the statistics and dynamics of these excitations are facilitated and\nhierarchical. Excitation energy scales grow logarithmically with $a$.\nExcitations at one point in space facilitate the birth and death of excitations\nat neighboring locations, and space-time excitation structures are microcosms\nof heterogeneous dynamics at larger scales. This nature of dynamics becomes\nincreasingly dominant as temperature $T$ is lowered. We show that slowing of\ndynamics upon decreasing temperature below $T_\\mathrm{o}$ is the result of a\ndecreasing concentration of excitations and concomitant growing hierarchical\nlength scales, and further that the structural relaxation time $\\tau$ follows\nthe parabolic law, $\\log(\\tau / \\tau_\\mathrm{o}) = J^2(1/T -\n1/T_\\mathrm{o})^2$, for $T<T_\\mathrm{o}$, where $J$, $\\tau_\\mathrm{o}$ and\n$T_\\mathrm{o}$ can be predicted quantitatively from dynamics at short time\nscales. Particle motion is facilitated and directional, and we show this\nbecomes more apparent with decreasing $T$. We show that stringlike motion is a\nnatural consequence of facilitated, hierarchical dynamics.",
        "positive": "Statistics of Pressure Fluctuations in Decaying, Isotropic Turbulence: We present results from a systematic direct-numerical simulation study of\npressure fluctuations in an unforced, incompressible, homogeneous, and\nisotropic, three-dimensional turbulent fluid. At cascade completion,\nisosurfaces of low pressure are found to be organised as slender filaments,\nwhereas the predominant isostructures appear sheet-like. We exhibit several new\nresults, including plots of probability distributions of the spatial\npressure-difference, the pressure-gradient norm, and the eigenvalues of the\npressure-hessian tensor. Plots of the temporal evolution of the mean\npressure-gradient norm, and the mean eigenvalues of the pressure-hessian tensor\nare also exhibited. We find the statistically preferred orientations between\nthe eigenvectors of the pressure-hessian tensor, the pressure-gradient, the\neigenvectors of the strain-rate tensor, the vorticity, and the velocity.\nStatistical properties of the non-local part of the pressure-hessian tensor are\nalso exhibited, for the first time. We present numerical tests (in the viscous\ncase) of some conjectures of Ohkitani [Phys. Fluids A {\\bf 5}, 2570 (1993)] and\nOhkitani and Kishiba [Phys. Fluids {\\bf 7}, 411 (1995)] concerning the\npressure-hessian and the strain-rate tensors, for the unforced, incompressible,\nthree-dimensional Euler equations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The phase transition of the first order in the critical region of the\n  gas-liquid system: This is a summarising investigation of the events of the phase transition of\nthe first order that occur in the critical region below the liquid-gas critical\npoint. The grand partition function has been completely integrated in the\nphase-space of the collective variables. The basic density measure is the\nquartic one. It has the form of the exponent function with the first, second,\nthird and fourth degree of the collective variables. The problem has been\nreduced to the Ising model in an external field, the role of which is played by\nthe generalised chemical potential $\\mu^*$. The line $\\mu^*(\\eta) =0$, where\n$\\eta$ is the density, is the line of the phase transition. We consider the\nisothermal compression of the gas till the point where the phase transition on\nthe line $\\mu^*(\\eta) =0$ is reached. When the path of the pressing reaches the\nline $\\mu^* =0$ in the gas medium, a droplet of liquid springs up. The work for\nits formation is obtained, the surface-tension energy is calculated. On the\nline $\\mu^* =0$ we have a two-phase system: the gas and the liquid (the\ndroplet) one. The equality of the gas and of the liquid chemical potentials is\nproved. The process of pressing is going on. But the pressure inside the system\nhas stopped, two fixed densities have arisen: one for the gas-phase $\\eta_{g} =\n\\eta_{c} ( 1 - {d}/{2})$ and the other for the liquid-phase $\\eta_{l} =\n\\eta_{c} (1 + {d}/{2} )$ (symmetrically to the rectlinear diameter), where\n$\\eta_{c} = 0.13044$ is the critical density. Starting from that moment the\nexternal pressure works as a latent work of pressure. Its value is obtained. As\na result, the gas-phase disappears and the whole system turns into liquid. The\njump of the density is equal to $\\eta_{c} d$, where $d = \\sqrt{{D}/{2G}} \\sim\n\\tau^{\\nu/2}$. $D$ and $G$ are coefficients of the Hamiltonian in the last cell\nconnected with the renormalisation-group symmetry.",
        "positive": "Entanglement in the Quantum Spherical Model -- a Review: We review some recent results on entanglement in the Quantum Spherical Model\n(QSM). The focus lays on the physical results rather than the mathematical\ndetails. Specifically, we study several entanglement-related quantities, such\nasentanglement entropies, and logarithmic negativity, in the presence of\nquantum and classical critical points, and in magnetically ordered phases. We\nconsider both the short as well as the long-range QSM. The study of\nentanglement properties of the QSM is feasible because the model is mappable to\na Gaussian system in any dimension. Despite this fact the QSM is an ideal\ntheoretical laboratory to investigate a wide variety of physical scenarios,\nsuch as non mean field criticality, the effect of long-range interactions, the\ninterplay between finite-temperature fluctuations and genuine quantum ones."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiparticle Dynamics on the Triangular Lattice in Interacting Media: We study the motion of $N$ particles moving on a two-dimensional triangular\nlattice, whose sites are occupied by either left or right rotators. These\nrotators deterministically scatter the particles to the left (right), changing\norientation from left to right (right to left) after scattering a particle.\nThis interplay between the scatterers and the particle's motion causes a single\nparticle to propagate in one direction away from its initial position. For\nmultiple particles we show that the particles' dynamics can be vastly\ndifferent. Specifically, we show that a particle can become entangled with\nanother particle potentially causing the particle's trajectory to become\nperiodic and that this can happen when the particles have the same or differing\nspeeds. We describe two classes of periodic orbits based on the particles'\ninitial velocities. We also describe how a particle with an unbounded past\ntrajectory implies that some, possibly other, particle(s) has an unbounded\nfuture trajectory in this and other related multiparticle models.",
        "positive": "Vapor-liquid equilibrium of water with the MB-pol many-body potential: Among the many existing molecular models of water, the MB-pol many-body\npotential has emerged as a remarkably accurate model, capable of reproducing\nthermodynamic, structural, and dynamic properties across water's solid, liquid,\nand vapor phases. In this work, we assessed the performance of MB-pol with\nrespect to an important set of properties related to vapor-liquid coexistence\nand interfacial behavior. Through direct coexistence classical molecular\ndynamics simulations at temperatures 400 K < T < 600 K, we calculated\nproperties such as equilibrium coexistence densities, vapor-liquid interfacial\ntension, vapor pressure, and enthalpy of vaporization, and compared the MB-pol\nresults to experimental data. We also compared rigid vs. fully flexible\nvariants of the MB-pol model and evaluated system size effects for the\nproperties studied. We found that the MB-pol model predictions are in good\nagreement with experimental data, even for temperatures approaching the\nvapor-liquid critical point; this agreement was largely insensitive to system\nsize or the rigid vs. flexible treatment of the intramolecular degrees of\nfreedom. These results attest to the chemical accuracy of MB-pol and its high\ndegree of transferability, thus enabling MB-pol's application across a large\nswath of water's phase diagram."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bragg scattering and the spin structure factor of two-component atomic\n  gases: Bragg scattering with linearly polarized light can be used to separately\nmeasure the density and the spin structure factor of a two spin component\natomic gas by looking at the dependance of the scattering intensity on the\npolarization of the laser fields. Both stimulated and spontaneous scattering\nare discussed. Explicit results for different spin configurations are given.",
        "positive": "Statistics of Extreme Values in Time Series with Intermediate-Term\n  Correlations: It will be discussed the statistics of the extreme values in time series\ncharacterized by finite-term correlations with non-exponential decay.\nPrecisely, it will be considered the results of numerical analyses concerning\nthe return intervals of extreme values of the fluctuations of resistance and\ndefect-fraction displayed by a resistor with granular structure in a\nnonequilibrium stationary state. The resistance and defect-fraction are\ncalculated as a function of time by Monte Carlo simulations using a resistor\nnetwork approach. It will be shown that when the auto-correlation function of\nthe fluctuations displays a non-exponential and non-power-law decay, the\ndistribution of the return intervals of extreme values is a stretched\nexponential, with exponent largely independent of the threshold. Recently, a\nstretched exponential distribution of the return intervals of extreme values\nhas been identified in long-term correlated time series by Bunde et al. (2003)\nand Altmann and Kantz (2005). Thus, the present results show that the stretched\nexponential distribution of the return intervals is not an exclusive feature of\nlong-term correlated time series."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Overlapping of the characteristic regions in the decay on heterogeneous\n  centers with equal number density: The situation of the decay of the metastable phase on the several types of\nheterogeneous centers is described analytically. The total number of\nheterogeneous centers is supposed to be equal for different types. This\ndescription decomposes the general situation into some characterisrtic cases.\nEvery case can be described by some special method. The problem is to show that\nthese characteristic cases cover all possible variants of the composition of\nthe condensation system. This is done is this manuscript. In the first part we\nconsider the general facts which allow to establish this overlapping in\nprinciple. In the second part we consider some real model systems and show this\noverlapping directly by explicit calculations. In the third part we consider\nthe process of nucleation on ions and give the generalization for the centers\nwith a rather arbitrary nature.",
        "positive": "Jamming transition in kinetically constrained models with reflection\n  symmetry: A class of kinetically constrained models with reflection symmetry is\nproposed as an extension of the Fredrickson-Andersen model. It is proved that\nthe proposed model on the square lattice exhibits a freezing transition at a\nnon-trivial density. It is conjectured by numerical experiments that the known\nmechanism of the singular behaviors near the freezing transition in a\npreviously studied model (spiral model) is not responsible for that in the\nproposed model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Propagation of external regulation and asynchronous dynamics in random\n  Boolean networks: Boolean Networks and their dynamics are of great interest as abstract\nmodeling schemes in various disciplines, ranging from biology to computer\nscience. Whereas parallel update schemes have been studied extensively in past\nyears, the level of understanding of asynchronous updates schemes is still very\npoor. In this paper we study the propagation of external information given by\nregulatory input variables into a random Boolean network. We compute both\nanalytically and numerically the time evolution and the asymptotic behavior of\nthis propagation of external regulation (PER). In particular, this allows us to\nidentify variables which are completely determined by this external\ninformation. All those variables in the network which are not directly fixed by\nPER form a core which contains in particular all non-trivial feedback loops. We\ndesign a message-passing approach allowing to characterize the statistical\nproperties of these cores in dependence of the Boolean network and the external\ncondition. At the end we establish a link between PER dynamics and the full\nrandom asynchronous dynamics of a Boolean network.",
        "positive": "Field theory for a reaction-diffusion model of quasispecies dynamics: RNA viruses are known to replicate with extremely high mutation rates. These\nrates are actually close to the so-called error threshold. This threshold is in\nfact a critical point beyond which genetic information is lost through a\nsecond-order phase transition, which has been dubbed the ``error catastrophe.''\nHere we explore this phenomenon using a field theory approximation to the\nspatially extended Swetina-Schuster quasispecies model [J. Swetina and P.\nSchuster, Biophys. Chem. {\\bf 16}, 329 (1982)], a single-sharp-peak landscape.\nIn analogy with standard absorbing-state phase transitions, we develop a\nreaction-diffusion model whose discrete rules mimic the Swetina-Schuster model.\nThe field theory representation of the reaction-diffusion system is\nconstructed. The proposed field theory belongs to the same universality class\nthan a conserved reaction-diffusion model previously proposed [F. van Wijland\n{\\em et al.}, Physica A {\\bf 251}, 179 (1998)]. From the field theory, we\nobtain the full set of exponents that characterize the critical behavior at the\nerror threshold. Our results present the error catastrophe from a new point of\nview and suggest that spatial degrees of freedom can modify several mean field\npredictions previously considered, leading to the definition of characteristic\nexponents that could be experimentally measurable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Investigation on energetic optimization problems of stochastic\n  thermodynamics with iterative dynamic programming: The energetic optimization problem, e.g., searching for the optimal switch-\ning protocol of certain system parameters to minimize the input work, has been\nextensively studied by stochastic thermodynamics. In current work, we study\nthis problem numerically with iterative dynamic programming. The model systems\nunder investigation are toy actuators consisting of spring-linked beads with\nloading force imposed on both ending beads. For the simplest case, i.e., a\none-spring actuator driven by tuning the stiffness of the spring, we compare\nthe optimal control protocol of the stiffness for both the overdamped and the\nunderdamped situations, and discuss how inertial effects alter the\nirreversibility of the driven process and thus modify the optimal protocol.\nThen, we study the systems with multiple degrees of freedom by constructing\noligomer actuators, in which the harmonic interaction between the two ending\nbeads is tuned externally. With the same rated output work, actuators of\ndifferent constructions demand different minimal input work, reflecting the\ninfluence of the internal degrees of freedom on the performance of the\nactuators.",
        "positive": "Conformal field theory out of equilibrium: a review: We provide a pedagogical review of the main ideas and results in\nnon-equilibrium conformal field theory and connected subjects. These concern\nthe understanding of quantum transport and its statistics at and near critical\npoints. Starting with phenomenological considerations, we explain the general\nframework, illustrated by the example of the Heisenberg quantum chain. We then\nintroduce the main concepts underlying conformal field theory (CFT), the\nemergence of critical ballistic transport, and the CFT scattering construction\nof non-equilibrium steady states. Using this we review the theory for energy\ntransport in homogeneous one-dimensional critical systems, including the\ncomplete description of its large deviations and the resulting (extended)\nfluctuation relations. We generalize some of these ideas to one-dimensional\ncritical charge transport and to the presence of defects, as well as beyond\none-dimensional criticality. We describe non-equilibrium transport in\nfree-particle models, where connections are made with generalized Gibbs\nensembles, and in higher-dimensional and non-integrable quantum field theories,\nwhere the use of the powerful hydrodynamic ideas for non-equilibrium steady\nstates is explained. We finish with a list of open questions. The review does\nnot assume any advanced prior knowledge of conformal field theory,\nlarge-deviation theory or hydrodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "System of elastic hard spheres which mimics the transport properties of\n  a granular gas: The prototype model of a fluidized granular system is a gas of inelastic hard\nspheres (IHS) with a constant coefficient of normal restitution $\\alpha$. Using\na kinetic theory description we investigate the two basic ingredients that a\nmodel of elastic hard spheres (EHS) must have in order to mimic the most\nrelevant transport properties of the underlying IHS gas. First, the EHS gas is\nassumed to be subject to the action of an effective drag force with a friction\nconstant equal to half the cooling rate of the IHS gas, the latter being\nevaluated in the local equilibrium approximation for simplicity. Second, the\ncollision rate of the EHS gas is reduced by a factor $(1+\\alpha)/2$, relative\nto that of the IHS gas. Comparison between the respective Navier-Stokes\ntransport coefficients shows that the EHS model reproduces almost perfectly the\nself-diffusion coefficient and reasonably well the two transport coefficients\ndefining the heat flux, the shear viscosity being reproduced within a deviation\nless than 14% (for $\\alpha\\geq 0.5$). Moreover, the EHS model is seen to agree\nwith the fundamental collision integrals of inelastic mixtures and dense gases.\nThe approximate equivalence between IHS and EHS is used to propose kinetic\nmodels for inelastic collisions as simple extensions of known kinetic models\nfor elastic collisions",
        "positive": "Damage spreading in the Bak-Sneppen model: Sensitivity to the initial\n  conditions and equilibration dynamics: The short-time and long-time dynamics of the Bak-Sneppen model of biological\nevolution are investigated using the damage spreading technique. By defining a\nproper Hamming distance measure, we are able to make it exhibits an initial\npower-law growth which, for finite size systems, is followed by a decay towards\nequilibrium. In this sense, the dynamics of self-organized critical states is\nshown to be similar to the one observed at the usual critical point of\ncontinuous phase-transitions and at the onset of chaos of non-linear\nlow-dimensional dynamical maps. The transient, pre-asymptotic and asymptotic\nexponential relaxation of the Hamming distance between two initially\nuncorrelated equilibrium configurations is also shown to be fitted within a\nsingle mathematical framework. A connection with nonextensive statistical\nmechanics is exhibited."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distribution of Entropy Production for a Colloidal Particle in a\n  Nonequilibrium Steady State: For a colloidal particle driven by a constant force across a periodic\npotential, we investigate the distribution of entropy production both\nexperimentally and theoretically. For short trajectories, the fluctuation\ntheorem holds experimentally. The mean entropy production rate shows two\nregimes as a function of the applied force. Theoretically, both mean and\nvariance of the pronounced non-Gaussian distribution can be obtained from a\ndifferential equation in good agreement with the experimental data.",
        "positive": "Real-space renormalisation group approach to driven diffusive systems: We introduce a real-space renormalisation group procedure for driven\ndiffusive systems which predicts both steady state and dynamic properties. We\napply the method to the boundary driven asymmetric simple exclusion process and\nrecover exact results for the steady state phase diagram, as well as the\ncrossovers in the relaxation dynamics for each phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A quantum Monte Carlo algorithm realizing an intrinsic relaxation: We propose a new quantum Monte Carlo algorithm which realizes a relaxation\nintrinsic to the original quantum system. The Monte Carlo dynamics satisfies\nthe dynamic scaling relation $\\tau\\sim \\xi^z$ and is independent of the Trotter\nnumber. Finiteness of the Trotter number just appears as the finite-size\neffect. An infinite Trotter number version of the algorithm is also formulated,\nwhich enables us to observe a true relaxation of the original system. The\nstrategy of the algorithm is a compromise between the conventional worldline\nlocal flip and the modern cluster loop flip. It is a local flip in the\nreal-space direction and is a cluster flip in the Trotter direction. The new\nalgorithm is tested by the transverse-field Ising model in two dimensions. An\naccurate phase diagram is obtained.",
        "positive": "Information entropy of liquid metals: Correlations reduce the configurational entropies of liquids below their\nideal gas limits. By means of first principles molecular dynamics simulations,\nwe obtain accurate pair correlation functions of liquid metals, then subtract\nthe mutual information content of these correlations from the ideal gas\nentropies to predict the absolute entropies over a broad range of temperatures.\nWe apply this method to liquid aluminum and copper and demonstrate good\nagreement with experimental measurements, then we apply it to predict the\nentropy of a liquid aluminum-copper alloy. Corrections due to electronic\nentropy and many-body correlations are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A self-adjusted Monte Carlo simulation as model of financial markets\n  with central regulation: Properties of the self-adjusted Monte Carlo algorithm applied to 2d Ising\nferromagnet are studied numerically. The endogenous feedback form expressed in\nterms of the instant running averages is suggested in order to generate a\nbiased random walk of the temperature that converges to criticality without an\nexternal tuning. The robustness of a stationary regime with respect to partial\naccessibility of the information is demonstrated. Several statistical and\nscaling aspects have been identified which allow to establish an alternative\nspin lattice model of the financial market. It turns out that our model alike\nmodel suggested by S. Bornholdt, Int. J. Mod. Phys. C {\\bf 12} (2001) 667, may\nbe described by L\\'evy-type stationary distribution of feedback variations with\nunique exponent $\\alpha_1 \\sim 3.3$. However, the differences reflected by\nHurst exponents suggest that resemblances between the studied models seem to be\nnontrivial.",
        "positive": "Symmetry and the thermodynamics of currents in open quantum systems: Symmetry is a powerful concept in physics, and its recent application to\nunderstand nonequilibrium behavior is providing deep insights and\ngroundbreaking exact results. Here we show how to harness symmetry to control\ntransport and statistics in open quantum systems. Such control is enabled by a\nfirst-order-type dynamic phase transition in current statistics and the\nassociated coexistence of different transport channels (or nonequilibrium\nsteady states) classified by symmetry. Microreversibility then ensues, via the\nGallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem, a twin dynamic phase transition for rare\ncurrent fluctuations. Interestingly, the symmetry present in the initial state\nis spontaneously broken at the fluctuating level, where the quantum system\nselects the symmetry sector that maximally facilitates a given fluctuation. We\nillustrate these results in a qubit network model motivated by the problem of\ncoherent energy harvesting in photosynthetic complexes, and introduce the\nconcept of a symmetry-controlled quantum thermal switch, suggesting\nsymmetry-based design strategies for quantum devices with controllable\ntransport properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Trapping scaling for bifurcations in Vlasov systems: We study non oscillating bifurcations of non homogeneous steady states of the\nVlasov equation, a situation occurring in galactic models, or for\nBernstein-Greene-Kruskal modes in plasma physics. We show that resonances are\nstrongly suppressed, leading to very different phenomena with respect to the\nhomogeneous case. Through an unstable manifold expansion, we show that the\ndynamics is very sensitive to the initial perturbation: the instability may\nsaturate at small amplitude -generalizing the \"trapping scaling\" of plasma\nphysics- or may grow to produce a large scale modification of the system. These\nanalytical findings are illustrated and extended by direct numerical\nsimulations with a cosine interaction potential.",
        "positive": "Introduction to the Sandpile Model: This article is based on a talk given by one of us (EVI) at the conference\n``StatPhys-Taipei-1997''. It overviews the exact results in the theory of the\nsandpile model and discusses shortly yet unsolved problem of calculation of\navalanche distribution exponents. The key ingredients include the analogy with\nthe critical reaction-diffusion system, the spanning tree representation of\nheight configurations and the decomposition of the avalanche process into waves\nof topplings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Mechanics of a Thin Film on a Solid Substrate: We study the behavior of very thin liquid films wetting homogeneous planar\nand spherical substrates. In order to describe a simple fluid at very small\nscales, we employ a classical density functional theory (DFT). Here, we model a\nfluid with a local density approximation (LDA) for its hard-sphere contribution\nand assume that the intermolecular attractive forces are long-range. In\nparticular, we first introduce the basic concept of DFT, and then present\ncomputations for fluid films on planar and spherically symmetric walls. We\npresent equilibrium density profiles and adsorption isotherms. We also compare\nour results to predictions from a sharp-interface approximation (SIA) and\nsuggest a piecewise function approximation (PFA), which assumes that the\ndensity profile at the wall-liquid and the liquid-vapor interfaces varies\nsmoothly.",
        "positive": "Flaw of Jarzynski's equality when applied to systems with several\n  degrees of freedom: Simple example: During the sudden expansion of an isolated ideal gas from a\nsmall volume V_0 into a larger one V_1, the entropy changes by Delta S= N\nln(V_1/V_0)=-beta Delta F>0 but no work W is produced nor absorbed.\nConsequently, Jarzynski's identity <exp(-beta W)>= exp(-beta Delta F) is wrong."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extension of the integrable, (1+1) Gross-Pitaevskii equation to chaotic\n  behaviour and arbitrary dimensions: The integrable, (1+1) Gross-Pitaevskii (GP-) equation with hermitian property\nis extended to chaotic behaviour as part of general complex fields within the\nsl(2,C) algebra for Lax pairs. Furthermore, we prove the involution property of\nconserved quantities in the case of GP-type equations with an arbitrary\nexternal potential. We generalize the approach of Lax pair matrices to\narbitrary spacetime dimensions and conclude for the type of nonlinear equations\nfrom the structure constants of the underlying algebra. One can also calculate\nconserved quantities from loops within the (N-1) dimensional base space and the\nmapping to the manifold of the general SL(n,C) group or a sub-group, provided\nthat the resulting fibre space is of nontrivial homotopic kind.",
        "positive": "Bubbles, clusters and denaturation in genomic DNA: modeling,\n  parametrization, efficient computation: The paper uses mesoscopic, non-linear lattice dynamics based\n(Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois, PBD) modeling to describe thermal properties of DNA\nbelow and near the denaturation temperature. Computationally efficient notation\nis introduced for the relevant statistical mechanics. Computed melting profiles\nof long and short heterogeneous sequences are presented, using a recently\nintroduced reparametrization of the PBD model, and critically discussed. The\nstatistics of extended open bubbles and bound clusters is formulated and\nresults are presented for selected examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Field Induced Orderings in Fully Frustrated Ising Spin Systems: We study ordering mechanisms which are induced by the quantum fluctuation in\nfully frustrated Ising spin systems. Since there are many degenerated states in\nfrustrated systems, \"order by thermal disorder\" often takes place due to a kind\nof entropy effect. To consider \"order by quantum disorder\" in fully frustrated\nIsing spin systems, we apply transverse field as quantum fluctuation. There\nexists a ferromagnetic correlation in each sublattice. The sublattice\ncorrelation at zero temperature is enlarged due to transverse field. The\nquantum fluctuation enhances the solid order at zero temperatures. This is an\nexample of quantum field induced ordering in fully frustrated systems. We also\nstudy a case in which the transverse field induces a reentrant behavior as\nanother type of order by quantum disorder, and compare correspondent cases in\nthe classical systems.",
        "positive": "Log-infinitely divisible multifractal processes: We define a large class of multifractal random measures and processes with\narbitrary log-infinitely divisible exact or asymptotic scaling law. These\nprocesses generalize within a unified framework both the recently defined\nlog-normal \"Multifractal Random Walk\" processes (MRW) and the log-Poisson\n\"product of cynlindrical pulses\". Their construction involves some ``continuous\nstochastic multiplication'' from coarse to fine scales. They are obtained as\nlimit processes when the finest scale goes to zero. We prove the existence of\nthese limits and we study their main statistical properties including non\ndegeneracy, convergence of the moments and multifractal scaling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simplified tetrahedron equations: Fermionic realization: The natural generalization of the (two-dimensional) Yang-Baxter equations to\nthree dimensions is known as the Zamolodchikov's tetrahedron equations. We\nconsider a simplified version of these equations which still ensures the\ncommutativity of the transfer matrices with different spectral parameters and\nwe present a family of free fermionic solutions.",
        "positive": "Auxiliary open quantum system for the Floquet quantum master equation: By directly using the probability formulas of quantum trajectories, we\nconstruct an auxiliary open quantum system for a periodically driven open\nquantum system whose dynamics is governed by the Floquet quantum master\nequation. This auxiliary system can generate a quantum trajectory ensemble that\nis consistent with the canonical quantum trajectory ensemble. We find that, at\na long time limit, though the Lindblad operators are modified, the coherent\ndynamics of the auxiliary system is the same as that of the original system. A\nperiodically driven two-level quantum system is used to illustrate this\nconstruction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Machine learning of pair-contact process with diffusion: The pair-contact process with diffusion (PCPD), a generalized model of the\nordinary pair-contact process (PCP) without diffusion, exhibits a continuous\nabsorbing phase transition. Unlike the PCP, whose nature of phase transition is\nclearly classified into the directed percolation (DP) universality class, the\nmodel of PCPD has been controversially discussed since its infancy. To our best\nknowledge, there is so far no consensus on whether the phase transition of the\nPCPD falls into the unknown university classes or else conveys a new kind of\nnon-equilibrium phase transition. In this paper, both unsupervised and\nsupervised learning are employed to study the PCPD with scrutiny. Firstly, two\nunsupervised learning methods, principal component analysis (PCA) and\nautoencoder, are taken. Our results show that both methods can cluster the\noriginal configurations of the model and provide reasonable estimates of\nthresholds. Therefore, no matter whether the non-equilibrium lattice model is a\nrandom process of unitary (for instance the DP) or binary (for instance the\nPCP), or whether it contains the diffusion motion of particles, unsupervised\nleaning can capture the essential, hidden information. Beyond that, supervised\nlearning is also applied to learning the PCPD at different diffusion rates. We\nproposed a more accurate numerical method to determine the spatial correlation\nexponent $\\nu_{\\perp}$, which, to a large degree, avoids the uncertainty of\ndata collapses through naked eyes. Our extensive calculations reveal that\n$\\nu_{\\perp}$ of PCPD depends continuously on the diffusion rate $D$, which\nsupports the viewpoint that the PCPD may lead to a new type of absorbing phase\ntransition.",
        "positive": "Ising model with mixed boundary conditions: universal amplitude ratios: In the vicinity of boundaries the bulk universality class of critical\nphenomena splits into several boundary universality classes, depending upon\nwhether the tendency to order in the boundary is smaller or larger than in the\nbulk. For Ising universality class there are five different boundary\nuniversality classes: periodic, antiperiodic, free, fixed and mixed (mixture of\nthe last two). In this paper we present the new set of the universal amplitude\nratios for the mixed boundary universality class. The results are in perfect\nagreement with a perturbated conformal field theory scenario proposed by Cardy\n\\cite{cardy86}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic resonance in bistable systems with nonlinear dissipation and\n  multiplicative noise: A microscopic approach: The stochastic resonance (SR) in bistable systems has been extensively\ndiscussed with the use of {\\it phenomenological} Langevin models. By using the\n{\\it microscopic}, generalized Caldeira-Leggett (CL) model, we study in this\npaper, SR of an open bistable system coupled to a bath with a nonlinear\nsystem-bath interaction. The adopted CL model yields the non-Markovian Langevin\nequation with nonlinear dissipation and state-dependent diffusion which\npreserve the fluctuation-dissipation relation (FDR). From numerical\ncalculations, we find the following: (1) the spectral power amplification (SPA)\nexhibits SR not only for $a$ and $b$ but also for $\\tau$ while the stationary\nprobability distribution function is independent of them where $a$ ($b$)\ndenotes the magnitude of multiplicative (additive) noise and $\\tau$ expresses\nthe relaxation time of colored noise; (2) the SPA for coexisting additive and\nmultiplicative noises has a single-peak but two-peak structure as functions of\n$a$, $b$ and/or $\\tau$. These results (1) and (2) are qualitatively different\nfrom previous ones obtained by phenomenological Langevin models where the FDR\nis indefinite or not held.",
        "positive": "Strong-randomness renormalization groups: This is a very brief review article, written for a book (in preparation) in\nmemory of Michael E. Fisher and to celebrate 50+ years since the Wilson-Fisher\nrenormalization group. Strong-randomness renormalization groups were first\ndeveloped to treat various quantum critical ground states, especially in\none-dimensional systems. After briefly reviewing some of the earlier work with\nthese methods, the recent application of this approach to the many-body\nlocalization (MBL) phase transition is reviewed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low temperature Universalities in amorphous systems: role of microscopic\n  length scales: We find that a competition between dispersion forces among molecules in\nsolids and their phonon mediated coupling leads to a natural length scale based\non molecular parameters and relevant to decipher glass anomalies. For amorphous\nsystems, the length scale is of the medium range topological orders and its\nratio with the distance of closest approach between molecules turns out to be a\nconstant. This in turn leads to a material independent, constant value of the\nratio ${\\gamma_l \\over \\gamma_t}$, with $\\gamma_l$ and $\\gamma_t$ as the\ncoupling-strength for two amorphous molecules mediated by longitudinal and\ntransverse phonons (also referred as Meissner-Berret ratio) and thereby\nprovides a theoretical explanation of their experimentally obserevd\nquantitative universality in \\cite{mb}. The above length scales are also\nrelated to Ioffe-Regel frequency and boson peak frequency of the vibrational\nspectrum and indicate that the former is of the same order as the latter for\ntransverse phonon-dynamics.",
        "positive": "Calculation of higher-order moments by higher-order tensor\n  renormalization group: A calculation method for higher-order moments of physical quantities,\nincluding magnetization and energy, based on the higher-order tensor\nrenormalization group is proposed. The physical observables are represented by\nimpurity tensors. A systematic summation scheme provides coarse-grained tensors\nincluding multiple impurities. Our method is compared with the Monte Carlo\nmethod on the two-dimensional Potts model. While the nature of the transition\nof the $q$-state Potts model has been known for a long time owing to the\nanalytical arguments, a clear numerical confirmation has been difficult due to\nextremely long correlation length in the weakly first-order transitions, e.g.,\nfor $q=5$. A jump of the Binder ratio precisely determines the transition\ntemperature. The finite-size scaling analysis provides critical exponents and\ndistinguishes the weakly first-order and the continuous transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extensive analytical and numerical investigation of the kinetic and\n  stochastic Cantor set: We investigate, both analytically and numerically, the kinetic and stochastic\ncounterpart of the triadic Cantor set. The generator that divides an interval\neither into three equal pieces or into three pieces randomly and remove the\nmiddle third is applied to only one interval, picked with probability\nproportional to its size, at each generation step in the kinetic and stochastic\nCantor set respectively. We show that the fractal dimension of the kinetic\nCantor set coincides with that of its classical counterpart despite the\napparent differences in the spatial distribution of the intervals. For the\nstochastic Cantor set, however, we find that the resulting set has fractal\ndimension $d_f=0.56155$ which is less than its classical value $d_f={{\\ln\n2}\\over{\\ln 3}}$. Nonetheless, in all three cases we show that the sum of the\n$d_f$th power, $d_f$ being the fractal dimension of the respective set, of all\nthe intervals at all time is equal to one or the size of the initiator $[0,1]$\nregardless of whether it is recursive, kinetic or stochastic Cantor set.\nBesides, we propose exact algorithms for both the variants which can capture\nthe complete dynamics described by the rate equation used to solve the\nrespective model analytically. The perfect agreement between our analytical and\nnumerical simulation is a clear testament to that.",
        "positive": "Numerical study of a fragile three-dimensional kinetically constrained\n  model: We numerically study the three-dimensional generalization of the kinetically\nconstrained East model, the North-or-East-or-Front (NEF) model. We characterize\nthe equilibrium behaviour of the NEF model in detail, measuring the temperature\ndependence of several quantities: alpha-relaxation time, distributions of\nrelaxation times, dynamic susceptibility, dynamic correlation length, and\nfour-point susceptibility. We show that the NEF model describes quantitatively\nexperimental observations over an exceptionally wide range of timescales. We\nillustrate this by fitting experimental data obtained both in the mildly\nsupercooled regime by optical Kerr effect, and close to the glass transition by\ndielectric spectroscopy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation theorem and large deviation function for a solvable model of\n  a molecular motor: We study a discrete stochastic model of a molecular motor. This discrete\nmodel can be viewed as a \\emph{minimal} ratchet model. We extend our previous\nwork on this model, by further investigating the constraints imposed by the\nFluctuation Theorem on the operation of a molecular motor far from equilibrium.\nIn this work, we show the connections between different formulations of the\nFluctuation Theorem. One formulation concerns the generating function of the\ncurrents while another one concerns the corresponding large deviation function,\nwhich we have calculated exactly for this model. A third formulation of FT\nconcerns the ratio of the probability of making one forward step to the\nprobability of making one backward step. The predictions of this last\nformulation of the Fluctuation Theorem adapted to our model are in very good\nagreement with the data of Carter and Cross [Nature, {\\bf 435}, 308 (2005)] on\nsingle molecule measurements with kinesin. Finally, we show that all the\nformulations of FT can be understood from the notion of entropy production.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo Study of the Axial Next-Nearest-Neighbor Ising Model: The equilibrium phase behavior of microphase-forming substances and models is\nnotoriously difficult to obtain because of the extended metastability of the\nmodulated phases. We develop a simulation method based on thermodynamic\nintegration that avoids this problem and with which we obtain the phase diagram\nof the canonical three-dimensional axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising model. The\nequilibrium devil's staircase, magnetization, and susceptibility are obtained.\nThe critical exponents confirm the XY nature of the disorder-modulated phase\ntransition beyond the Lifshitz point. The results identify the limitations of\nvarious approximation schemes used to analyze this basic microphase-forming\nmodel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The dynamical-quantization approach to open quantum systems: On the basis of the dynamical-quantization approach to open quantum systems,\nwe can derive a non-Markovian Caldeira-Leggett quantum master equation as well\nas a non-Markovian quantum Smoluchowski equation in phase space. On the one\nhand, we solve our Caldeira-Leggett equation for the case of a quantum Brownian\nparticle in a gravitational field. On the other hand, we solve our quantum\nSmoluchowski equation for a harmonic oscillator. In both physical situations we\ncome up with the existence of a non-equilibrium thermal quantum force. Further,\nas a physical application of our quantum Smoluchowski equation we take up the\nphenomenon of escape rate of a non-inertial Brownian particle over a potential\nbarrier.\n  Key-words: Quantum Brownian motion; Non-Markovian effects; Caldeira-Leggett\nquantum master equation; Quantum Smoluchowski equation; Quantum tunneling",
        "positive": "Towards understanding the ordering behavior of hard needles: New\n  analytical solutions in one dimension: We re-examine the ordering behavior of a one-dimensional fluid of freely\nrotating hard needles, where the centers of mass of the particles are\nrestricted to a line. Analytical equations are obtained for the equation of\nstate, order parameter and orientational correlation functions using the\ntransfer-matrix method if some simplifying assumptions are applied for either\nthe orientational freedom or the contact distance between two needles. The\ntwo-state Zwanzig model accounts for the orientational ordering, but it\nproduces unphysical pressure at high densities and there is no orientational\ncorrelation. The four-state Zwanzig model gives reasonable results for\norientational correlation function, but the pressure is still poorly\nrepresented at high densities. In the continuum limit, apart from the\norientational correlation length it is managed to reproduce all relevant bulk\nproperties of the hard needles using an approximate formula for the contact\ndistance. The results show that the orientational correlation length diverges\nat zero and infinite pressures. The high density behavior of needles is not\nresolved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalizing the wavelet-based multifractal formalism to vector-valued\n  random fields: application to turbulent velocity and vorticity 3D numerical\n  data: We use singular value decomposition techniques to generalize the wavelet\ntransform modulus maxima method to the multifractal analysis of vector-valued\nrandom fields. The method is calibrated on synthetic multifractal 2D vector\nmeasures and monofractal 3D fractional Brownian vector fields. We report the\nresults of some application to the velocity and vorticity fields issued from 3D\nisotropic turbulence simulations. This study reveals the existence of an\nintimate relationship between the singularity spectra of these two vector\nfields which are found significantly more intermittent than previously\nestimated from longitudinal and transverse velocity increment statistics.",
        "positive": "Using a fluid cell model for description of a phase transition in simple\n  liquid alkali metals: This article embraces a theoretical description of the first order phase\ntransition in liquid metals with application of a cell fluid model. The results\nare obtained through calculation of the grand partition function without usage\nof phenomenological parameters. The Morse potential is used for calculation of\nthe equation of state and the coexistence curve. Specific results for sodium\nand potassium are obtained. Comparison of outcome of analytical expressions\nwith data of computer simulations is presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic and Macroscopic Rayleigh-Benard Flows : Continuum and\n  Particle Simulations, Turbulence, Fluctuations, Time Reversibility, and\n  Lyapunov Instability: We discuss the irreversibility, nonlocality, and fluctuations, as well as the\nLyapunov and hydrodynamic instabilities characterizing atomistic,\nsmooth-particle, and finite-difference solutions of the two-dimensional\nRayleigh-B\\'enard problem. To speed up the numerical analysis we control the\ntime-dependence of the Rayleigh number so as to include many distinct flow\nmorphologies in a single simulation. The relatively simple nature of these\ncomputational algorithms and the richness of the results they can yield make\nsuch studies and their interpretation particularly well suited to\ngraduate-level research.",
        "positive": "Applications of large deviation theory in geophysical fluid dynamics and\n  climate science: The climate system is a complex, chaotic system with many degrees of freedom\nand variability on a vast range of temporal and spatial scales. Attaining a\ndeeper level of understanding of its dynamical processes is a scientific\nchallenge of great urgency, especially given the ongoing climate change and the\nevolving climate crisis. In statistical physics, complex, many-particle systems\nare studied successfully using the mathematical framework of Large Deviation\nTheory (LDT). A great potential exists for applying LDT to problems relevant\nfor geophysical fluid dynamics and climate science. In particular, LDT allows\nfor understanding the fundamental properties of persistent deviations of\nclimatic fields from the long-term averages and for associating them to\nlow-frequency, large scale patterns of climatic variability. Additionally, LDT\ncan be used in conjunction with so-called rare events algorithms to explore\nrarely visited regions of the phase space and thus to study special dynamical\nconfigurations of the climate. These applications are of key importance to\nimprove our understanding of high-impact weather and climate events.\nFurthermore, LDT provides powerful tools for evaluating the probability of\nnoise-induced transitions between competing metastable states of the climate\nsystem or of its components. This in turn essential for improving our\nunderstanding of the global stability properties of the climate system and of\nits predictability of the second kind in the sense of Lorenz. The goal of this\nreview is manifold. First, we want to provide an introduction to the derivation\nof large deviation laws in the context of stochastic processes. We then relate\nsuch results to the existing literature showing the current status of\napplications of LDT in climate science and geophysical fluid dynamics. Finally,\nwe propose some possible lines of future investigations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Influence of external potentials on heterogeneous diffusion processes: In this paper we consider heterogeneous diffusion processes with the\npower-law dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the position and\ninvestigate the influence of external forces on the resulting anomalous\ndiffusion. The heterogeneous diffusion processes can yield subdiffusion as well\nas superdiffusion, depending on the behavior of the diffusion coefficient. We\nassume that not only the diffusion coefficient but also the external force has\na power-law dependence on the position. We obtain analytic expressions for the\ntransition probability in two cases: when the power-law exponent in the\nexternal force is equal to 2eta-1, where 2eta is the power-law exponent in the\ndependence of the diffusion coefficient on the position, and when the external\nforce has a linear dependence on the position. We found that the power-law\nexponent in the dependence of the mean square displacement on time does not\ndepend on the external force, this force changes only the anomalous diffusion\ncoefficient. In addition, the external force having the power-law exponent\ndifferent from 2eta-1 limits the time interval where the anomalous diffusion\noccurs. We expect that the results obtained in this paper may be relevant for a\nmore complete understanding of anomalous diffusion processes.",
        "positive": "Polarization and Consensus in a Voter Model under Time-Fluctuating\n  Influences: We study the effect of time-fluctuating social influences on the formation of\npolarization and consensus in a three-party community consisting of two types\nof voters (\"leftists\" and \"rightists\") holding extreme opinions, and moderate\nagents acting as \"centrists\". The former are incompatible and do not interact,\nwhile centrists hold an intermediate opinion and can interact with extreme\nvoters. When a centrist and a leftist/rightist interact, they can become either\nboth centrists or both leftists/rightists. The population eventually either\nreaches consensus with one of the three opinions, or a polarization state\nconsisting of a frozen mixture of leftists and rightists. As a main novelty,\nhere agents interact subject to time-fluctuating external influences favouring\nin turn the spread of leftist and rightist opinions, or the rise of centrism.\nWe determine the fate of the population under various scenarios, and show how\nthe rate of change of external influences can drastically affect the\npolarization and consensus probabilities, as well as the mean time to reach the\nfinal state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization in large populations of limit cycle oscillators with\n  long-range interactions: We study the onset of synchronization in lattices of limit cycle oscillators\nwith long-range coupling by means of numerical simulations. In this regime the\ncritical coupling strength depends on the system size and interaction range\nreflecting the non extensive behavior of the system, but an adequate scaling\nremoves the dependency and collapses the long-range synchronization curves with\nthe one resulting from a system with uniform coupling. Two descriptions are\nconsidered, the Kuramoto or phase description model and a Cell Dynamical System\nmodel for phases and amplitudes. Oscillator death is observed in the second\napproach.",
        "positive": "Ground-State Phase Diagram of Frustrated Anisotropic Quantum Spin Chains: Recent studies on the frustrated quantum spin chains with easy-plane\nanisotropy are reviewed. We are particularly interested in novel \"chiral\"\nphases characterized by the spontaneous breaking of the parity symmetry. The\nground-state phase diagrams of the chains are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact finite-size corrections and corner free energies for the c=-2\n  universality class: We consider (a) the partition functions of the anisotropic dimer model on the\nrectangular (2M-1) x (2N-1) lattice with free and cylindrical boundary\nconditions with a single monomer residing on the boundary and (b) the partition\nfunction of the anisotropic spanning tree on an M x N rectangular lattice with\nfree boundary conditions. We express (a) and (b) in terms of a principal\npartition function with twisted boundary conditions. Based on these\nexpressions, we derive the exact asymptotic expansions of the free energy for\nboth cases (a) and (b). We confirm the conformal field theory prediction for\nthe corner free energy of these models, and find the central charge is c = - 2.\nWe also show that the dimer model on the cylinder with an odd number of sites\non the perimeter exhibits the same finite-size corrections as on the plane.",
        "positive": "High Precision Measurement of the Thermal Exponent for the\n  Three-Dimensional XY Universality Class: Simulations results are reported for critical point of the two-component\n$\\phi^4$ field theory. The correlation length exponent is measured to high\nprecision with the result $\\nu=0.6717(3)$. This value is in agreement with\nrecent simulation results [Campostrini \\textit{et al}., Phys. Rev. B\n\\textbf{63}, 214503 (2001)], and marginally agrees with the most recent\nspace-based measurements of the superfluid transition in $^4$He [Lipa\n\\textit{et al}., Phys. Rev. B \\textbf{68}, 174518 (2003)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous transport and current fluctuations in a model of diffusing\n  Levy walkers: A Levy walk is a non-Markovian stochastic process in which the elementary\nsteps of the walker consist of motion with constant speed in randomly chosen\ndirections and for a random period of time. The time of flight is chosen from a\nlong-tailed distribution with a finite mean but an infinite variance. Here we\nconsider an open system with boundary injection and removal of particles, at\nprescribed rates, and study the steady state properties of the system. In\nparticular, we compute density profiles, current and current fluctuations in\nthis system. We also consider the case of a finite density of Levy walkers on\nthe ring geometry. Here we introduce a size dependent cut-off in the time of\nflight distribution and consider properties of current fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Ambiguity Rate of Hidden Markov Processes: The $\\epsilon$-machine is a stochastic process' optimal model -- maximally\npredictive and minimal in size. It often happens that to optimally predict even\nsimply-defined processes, probabilistic models -- including the\n$\\epsilon$-machine -- must employ an uncountably-infinite set of features. To\nconstructively work with these infinite sets we map the $\\epsilon$-machine to a\nplace-dependent iterated function system (IFS) -- a stochastic dynamical\nsystem. We then introduce the ambiguity rate that, in conjunction with a\nprocess' Shannon entropy rate, determines the rate at which this set of\npredictive features must grow to maintain maximal predictive power. We\ndemonstrate, as an ancillary technical result which stands on its own, that the\nambiguity rate is the (until now missing) correction to the Lyapunov dimension\nof an IFS's attractor. For a broad class of complex processes and for the first\ntime, this then allows calculating their statistical complexity dimension --\nthe information dimension of the minimal set of predictive features."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Behaviour in Trapped Strongly Interacting Fermi Gases: We investigate the width of the Ginzburg critical region and experimental\nsignatures of critical behavior in strongly interacting trapped Fermi gases\nclose to unitarity, where the s-wave scattering length diverges. Despite the\nfact that the width of the critical region is of the order unity, evidence of\ncritical behavior in the bulk thermodynamics of trapped gases is strongly\nsuppressed by their inhomogeneity. The specific heat of a harmonically confined\ngas, for instance, is \\textit{linear} in the reduced temperature $t =\n(T-T_{\\mathrm{c}})/T_{\\mathrm{c}}$ above $T_{\\mathrm{c}}$. We also discuss the\nprospects of observing critical behavior in the local compressibility from\nmeasurements of the density profile.",
        "positive": "Large-scale structure from superdiffusion in a driven dissipative system: A system far from equilibrium is characterized by unconventional many-body\ndynamical effects, which can lead to anomalous density fluctuations and mass\ntransport. Interestingly, these structural and dynamic features often emerge\nsimultaneously in driven dissipative systems. Here we seek an origin of their\nco-existence by numerical simulations of a two-dimensional driven granular gas.\nWe reveal a causal link between superdiffusive transport and giant density\nfluctuations. The kinetic dissipation upon particle collisions depends on the\nrelative velocity of colliding particles, and is responsible for the\nself-generated large-scale persistent directional motion of particles that\nunderlies the link between structure and transport. This scenario is supported\nby a simple scaling argument."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics and physical interpretation of quasi-stationary states in\n  systems with long-range interactions: Although the Vlasov equation is used as a good approximation for a\nsufficiently large $N$, Braun and Hepp have showed that the time evolution of\nthe one particle distribution function of a $N$ particle classical Hamiltonian\nsystem with long range interactions satisfies the Vlasov equation in the limit\nof infinite $N$. Here we rederive this result using a different approach\nallowing a discussion of the role of inter-particle correlations on the system\ndynamics. Otherwise for finite N collisional corrections must be introduced.\nThis has allowed the a quite comprehensive study of the Quasi Stationary States\n(QSS) but many aspects of the physical interpretations of these states remain\nunclear. In this paper a proper definition of timescale for long time evolution\nis discussed and several numerical results are presented, for different values\nof $N$. Previous reports indicates that the lifetimes of the QSS scale as\n$N^{1.7}$ or even the system properties scales with $\\exp(N)$. However,\npreliminary results presented here shows indicates that time scale goes as\n$N^2$ for a different type of initial condition. We also discuss how the form\nof the inter-particle potential determines the convergence of the $N$-particle\ndynamics to the Vlasov equation. The results are obtained in the context of\nfollowing models: the Hamiltonian Mean Field, the Self Gravitating Ring Model,\nand a 2-D Systems of Gravitating Particles. We have also provided information\nof the validity of the Vlasov equation for finite $N$, i. e.\\ how the dynamics\nconverges to the mean-field (Vlasov) description as $N$ increases and how\ninter-particle correlations arise.",
        "positive": "Quantum Dissipation in Open Harmonic Systems: Operator Solution: A finite number of harmonic oscillators coupled to infinitely many\nenvironment oscillators is fundamental to the problem of understanding quantum\ndissipation of a small system immersed in a large environment. Exact operator\nsolution as a function of time is given to this problem, by using diagonalized\ndynamical variable of the entire system, the small system plus the environment.\nThe decay law of prepared initial configuration is worked out in greatest\ndetail. A clear separation of the exponential- and the power-law decay period\nis made possible by our method. Behavior of physical quantities at\nasymptotically late times can be understood in terms of the overlap probability\nof the system variable with the diagonal variable of the entire system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exceptional Points in the Baxter-Fendley Free Parafermion Model: Certain spin chains, such as the quantum Ising chain, have free fermion\nspectra which can be expressed as the sum of decoupled two-level fermionic\nsystems. Free parafermions are a simple generalisation of this idea to\n$Z(N)$-symmetric clock models. In 1989 Baxter discovered a non-Hermitian but\n$PT$-symmetric model directly generalising the Ising chain, which was much\nlater recognised by Fendley to be a free parafermion spectrum. By extending the\nmodel's magnetic field parameter to the complex plane, it is shown that a\nseries of exceptional points emerges, where the quasienergies defining the free\nspectrum become degenerate. An analytic expression for the locations of these\npoints is derived, and various numerical investigations are performed. These\nexceptional points also exist in the Ising chain with a complex transverse\nfield. Although the model is not in general $PT$-symmetric at these exceptional\npoints, their proximity can have a profound impact on the model on the\n$PT$-symmetric real line. Furthermore, in certain cases of the model an\nexceptional point may appear on the real line (with negative field).",
        "positive": "Multi-Well Potentials in Quantum Mechanics and Stochastic Processes: Using the formalism of extended N=4 supersymmetric quantum mechanics we\nconsider the procedure of the construction of multi-well potentials. We\ndemonstrate the form-invariance of Hamiltonians entering the supermultiplet,\nusing the presented relation for integrals, which contain fundamental\nsolutions. The possibility of partial N=4 supersymmetry breaking is determined.\nWe also obtain exact forms of multi-well potentials, both symmetric and\nasymmetric, using the Hamiltonian of harmonic oscillator as initial. The\nmodification of the shape of potentials due to variation of parameters is also\ndiscussed, as well as application of the obtained results to the study of\ntunneling processes. We consider the case of exact, as well as partially broken\nN=4 supersymmetry. The distinctive feature of obtained probability densities\nand potentials is a parametric freedom, which allows to substantially modify\ntheir shape. We obtain the expressions for probability densities under the\ngeneralization of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Van der Waal's gas equation for an adiabatic process and its Carnot\n  engine efficiency: There has been many studies on gases which obeys Van der Waal's equation of\nstate. However there is no specific and direct studies of Van der Waal's gas\nwhich undergoes adiabatic processes are available in the undergraduate text\nbooks and also in literature. In an adiabatic process there is no heat energy\nexchange between the system and its surroundings. In this article, we find that\nthe Van der Waal's equation for the adiabatic process as\n$\\left(P+\\frac{n^2a}{V^2}\\right) \\left(V-nb\\right)^{\\Gamma}=\\mbox{constant}$,\nwhere $P$ is the pressure, $V$ is the volume, $n$ is the number of moles of the\nVan der Waal's gas, $a$ and $b$ are Van der Waal's constant and $\\Gamma$ is a\nfactor which relates the specific heat at constant pressure and at constant\nvolume. We use this relation explicitly and obtained the efficiency of a Carnot\nengine whose working substance obeys Van der Waal's equation of state. Our\nsimplest approach may provide clear idea to the undergraduate students that\n$\\Gamma$ is different from $\\gamma$ of the ideal gas for an adiabatic process.\nWe also shown that the efficiency of the Carnot engine is independent of the\nworking substance.",
        "positive": "Thermalization of two- and three-dimensional classical lattices: Whether and how a system reaches thermalization is a fundamental issue of\nstatistical physics. While for one-dimensional lattices this issue has been\nintensively studied in terms of energy equipartition for more than half a\ncentury, few work has been performed in the case of two- and three-dimensional\nlattices, and thus the thermalization dynamics remains unclear for more\nrealistic lattices. In this Letter we investigate analytically and numerically\nthe time-scaling of energy relaxation in these lattices. We show that the\nequipartition of energy is generally reached following a universal scheme for\nlarge enough lattices, regardless of its dimensionality, its specific lattice\nstructure, and whether the system is translation invariant or not. Our results\nhave practical significance in exploring the effect of high-order\nnonlinearities, i.e., the combining effect of multi-phonon process, in solid\nmaterials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Clusters in the critical branching Brownian motion: Brownian particles that are replicated and annihilated at equal rate have\nstrongly correlated positions, forming a few compact clusters separated by\nlarge gaps. We characterize the distribution of the particles at a given time,\nusing a definition of clusters in terms a coarse-graining length recently\nintroduced by some of us. We show that, in a non-extinct realization, the\naverage number of clusters grows as $\\sim t^{D_{\\mathrm{f}}/2}$ where\n$D_{\\mathrm{f}} \\approx 0.22$ is the Haussdoff dimension of the boundary of the\nsuper-Brownian motion, found by Mueller, Mytnik, and Perkins. We also compute\nthe distribution of gaps between consecutive particles. We find two regimes\nseparated by the characteristic length scale $\\ell = \\sqrt{D/\\beta}$ where $D$\nis the diffusion constant and $\\beta$ the branching rate. The average number of\ngaps greater than $g$ decays as $\\sim g^{D_{\\mathrm{f}}-2}$ for $g\\ll \\ell$ and\n$\\sim g^{-D_{\\mathrm{f}}}$ for $g \\gg \\ell$. Finally, conditioned on the number\nof particles $n$, the above distributions are valid for $g \\ll \\sqrt{n}$; the\naverage number of gaps greater than $g \\gg \\sqrt{n}$ is much less than one, and\ndecays as $\\simeq 4 (g/\\sqrt{n})^{-2}$, in agreement with the universal gap\ndistribution predicted by Ramola, Majumdar, and Schehr. Our results interpolate\nbetween a dense super-Brownian motion regime and a large-gap regime, unifying\ntwo previously independent approaches.",
        "positive": "Connection between Dispersive Transport and Statistics of Extreme Events: A length dependence of the effective mobility in the form of a power law, B ~\nL^(1-1/alpha) is observed in dispersive transport in amorphous substances, with\n0 < \\alpha < 1. We deduce this behavior as a simple consequence of the\nstatistical theory of extreme events. We derive various quantities related to\nthe largest value in samples of n trials, for the exponential and power-law\nprobability densities of the individual events."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topology regulates pattern formation capacity of binary cellular\n  automata on graphs: We study the effect of topology variation on the dynamic behavior of a system\nwith local update rules. We implement one-dimensional binary cellular automata\non graphs with various topologies by formulating two sets of degree-dependent\nrules, each containing a single parameter. We observe that changes in graph\ntopology induce transitions between different dynamic domains (Wolfram classes)\nwithout a formal change in the update rule. Along with topological variations,\nwe study the pattern formation capacities of regular, random, small-world and\nscale-free graphs. Pattern formation capacity is quantified in terms of two\nentropy measures, which for standard cellular automata allow a qualitative\ndistinction between the four Wolfram classes. A mean-field model explains the\ndynamic behavior of random graphs. Implications for our understanding of\ninformation transport through complex, network-based systems are discussed.",
        "positive": "Low Autocorrelation Binary Sequences: Binary sequences with minimal autocorrelations have applications in\ncommunication engineering, mathematics and computer science. In statistical\nphysics they appear as groundstates of the Bernasconi model. Finding these\nsequences is a notoriously hard problem, that so far can be solved only by\nexhaustive search. We review recent algorithms and present a new algorithm that\nfinds optimal sequences of length $N$ in time $\\Theta(N\\,1.73^N)$. We computed\nall optimal sequences for $N\\leq 66$ and all optimal skewsymmetric sequences\nfor $N\\leq 119$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "To the theory of phase transition of a binary solution into an\n  inhomogeneous phase: In the framework of the theoretical model of the phase transition of binary\nsolutions into spatially inhomogeneous states proposed earlier by the autors\n[1], which takes into account nonlinear effects, the role of the cubic in\nconcentration term in the expansion of free energy was studied. It is shown\nthat taking into account the cubic term contributions to the stabilization of a\nhomogeneous state. The existence of two inhomogeneous phases in an isotropic\nmedium, considered in [1], proves to be possible only at half the concentration\nof the solution. The contribution of inhomogeneity effects to thermodynamic\nquantities is calculated. Phase transitions from a homogeneous state and\nbetween inhomogeneous phases are second-order phase transitions.",
        "positive": "Continuum percolation expressed in terms of density distributions: We present a new approach to derive the connectivity properties of pairwise\ninteracting n-body systems in thermal equilibrium. We formulate an integral\nequation that relates the pair connectedness to the distribution of nearest\nneighbors. For one-dimensional systems with nearest-neighbor interactions, the\nnearest-neighbor distribution is, in turn, related to the pair correlation\nfunction g through a simple integral equation. As a consequence, for those\nsystems, we arrive at an integral equation relating g to the pair\nconnectedness, which is readily solved even analytically if g is specified\nanalytically. We demonstrate the procedure for a variety of pair-potentials\nincluding fully penetrable spheres as well as impenetrable spheres, the only\ntwo systems for which analytical results for the pair connectedness exist.\nHowever, the approach is not limited to nearest-neighbor interactions in one\ndimension. Hence, we also outline the treatment of external fields and\nlong-ranged interactions, and we illustrate how the formalism can applied to\nhigher-dimensional systems using the three-dimensional ideal gas as an example."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random walks with preferential relocations to places visited in the past\n  and their application to biology: Strongly non-Markovian random walks offer a promising modeling framework for\nunderstanding animal and human mobility, yet, few analytical results are\navailable for these processes. Here we solve exactly a model with long range\nmemory where a random walker intermittently revisits previously visited sites\naccording to a reinforced rule. The emergence of frequently visited locations\ngenerates very slow diffusion, logarithmic in time, whereas the walker\nprobability density tends to a Gaussian. This scaling form does not emerge from\nthe Central Limit Theorem but from an unusual balance between random and\nlong-range memory steps. In single trajectories, occupation patterns are\nheterogeneous and have a scale-free structure. The model exhibits good\nagreement with data of free-ranging capuchin monkeys.",
        "positive": "Critical Casimir forces for Ising films with variable boundary fields: Monte Carlo simulations based on an integration scheme for free energy\ndifferences is used to compute critical Casimir forces for three-dimensional\nIsing films with various boundary fields. We study the scaling behavior of the\ncritical Casimir force, including the scaling variable related to the boundary\nfields. Finite size corrections to scaling are taken into account. We pay\nspecial attention to that range of surface field strengths within which the\nforce changes from repulsive to attractive upon increasing the temperature. Our\ndata are compared with other results available in the literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effcient simulation of the adaptive time-dependent density-matrix\n  renormalization-group with periodic boundary conditions: We introduce a numerical method of the adaptive time-dependent density-matrix\nrenormalization-group to compute one-dimensional quantum spin systems with\nperiodic boundary condition. We check our algorithm to study the dynamic\ncorrelation in spin-1/2 Heisenberg XX chain at zero temperature, and the\nnumerical analysis of errors indicates that this method could be used to\nefficiently simulate the time-dependent properties of low-energy dynamics in an\narbitrary one-dimensional quantum many-body systems with the nearest-neighbor\ninteraction.",
        "positive": "Work and heat fluctuations in two-state systems: a trajectory\n  thermodynamics formalism: Two-state models provide phenomenological descriptions of many different\nsystems, ranging from physics to chemistry and biology. We investigate work\nfluctuations in an ensemble of two-state systems driven out of equilibrium\nunder the action of an external perturbation. We calculate the probability\ndensity P(W) that a work equal to W is exerted upon the system along a given\nnon-equilibrium trajectory and introduce a trajectory thermodynamics formalism\nto quantify work fluctuations in the large-size limit. We then define a\ntrajectory entropy S(W) that counts the number of non-equilibrium trajectories\nP(W)=exp(S(W)/kT) with work equal to W. A trajectory free-energy F(W) can also\nbe defined, which has a minimum at a value of the work that has to be\nefficiently sampled to quantitatively test the Jarzynski equality. Within this\nformalism a Lagrange multiplier is also introduced, the inverse of which plays\nthe role of a trajectory temperature. Our solution for P(W) exactly satisfies\nthe fluctuation theorem by Crooks and allows us to investigate\nheat-fluctuations for a protocol that is invariant under time reversal. The\nheat distribution is then characterized by a Gaussian component (describing\nsmall and frequent heat exchange events) and exponential tails (describing the\nstatistics of large deviations and rare events). For the latter, the width of\nthe exponential tails is related to the aforementioned trajectory temperature.\nFinite-size effects to the large-N theory and the recovery of work\ndistributions for finite N are also discussed. Finally, we pay particular\nattention to the case of magnetic nanoparticle systems under the action of a\nmagnetic field H where work and heat fluctuations are predicted to be\nobservable in ramping experiments in micro-SQUIDs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic oscillations of adaptive networks: application to epidemic\n  modelling: Adaptive-network models are typically studied using deterministic\ndifferential equations which approximately describe their dynamics. In\nsimulations, however, the discrete nature of the network gives rise to\nintrinsic noise which can radically alter the system's behaviour. In this\narticle we develop a method to predict the effects of stochasticity in adaptive\nnetworks by making use of a pair-based proxy model. The technique is developed\nin the context of an epidemiological model of a disease spreading over an\nadaptive network of infectious contact. Our analysis reveals that in this model\nthe structure of the network exhibits stochastic oscillations in response to\nfluctuations in the disease dynamic.",
        "positive": "Critical behavior of one-component system with Yukawa interaction\n  potential: It is shown that the liquid-gas phase transition exists in one-component\nsystem with potential Yukawa interaction. The value of the critical exponent\n$\\beta$ of the order parameter is found. The relation between the potential\nparameters of Yukawa interaction and critical values of density, temperature\nand pressure is obtained. PACS: 51.30.+i: 64.10.+h; 05.70.Ce: 05.70.Fh;\n05.70.Jk"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of junctional correlations in the totally asymmetric simple\n  exclusion process on random regular networks: We investigate the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process on closed and\ndirected random regular networks, which is a simple model of active transport\nin the one-dimensional segments coupled by junctions. By a pair mean-field\ntheory and detailed numerical analyses, it is found that the correlations at\njunctions induce two notable deviations from the simple mean-field theory which\nneglects these correlations: (1) the narrower range of particle density for\nphase coexistence and (2) the algebraic decay of density profile with exponent\n$1/2$ even outside the maximal-current phase. We show that these anomalies are\nattributable to the effective slow bonds formed by the network junctions.",
        "positive": "Relaxation times and ergodicity properties in a realistic ionic--crystal\n  model, and the modern form of the FPU problem: It is well known that Gibbs' statistical mechanics is not justified for\nsystems presenting long-range interactions, such as plasmas or galaxies. In a\nprevious work we considered a realistic FPU-like model of an ionic crystal (and\nthus with long-range interactions), and showed that it reproduces the\nexperimental infrared spectra from 1000 K down to 7 K, provided one abandons\nthe Gibbs identification of temperature in terms of specific kinetic energy, at\nlow temperatures. Here we investigate such a model in connection with its\nergodicity properties. The conclusion we reach is that at low temperatures\nergodicity does not occur, and thus the Gibbs prescriptions are not dynamically\njustified, up to geological time scales. We finally give a preliminary result\nindicating how the so-called `nonclassical' q-statistics show up in the\nrealistic ionic-crystal model. How to formulate a consistent statistical\nmechanics, with the corresponding suitable identification of temperature in\nsuch nonergodicity conditions, remains an open problem, which apparently\nconstitutes the modern form of the FPU problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Driven quantum spin chain in the presence of noise: Anti-Kibble-Zurek\n  behavior: We study defect generation in a quantum XY-spin chain arising due to the\nlinear drive of the many-body Hamiltonian in the presence of a time-dependent\nfast Gaussian noise. The main objective of this work is to quantify\nanalytically the effects of noise on the defect density production. In the\nabsence of noise, it is well known that in the slow sweep regime, the defect\ndensity follows the Kibble-Zurek (KZ) scaling behavior with respect to the\nsweep speed. We consider time-dependent fast Gaussian noise in the anisotropy\nof the spin-coupling term [$\\gamma_0=(J_1-J_2)/(J_1+J_2)$] and show via\nanalytical calculations that the defect density exhibits anti-Kibble-Zurek\n(AKZ) scaling behavior in the slow sweep regime. In the limit of large chain\nlength and long time, we calculate the entropy and magnetization density of the\nfinal decohered state and show that their scaling behavior is consistent with\nthe AKZ picture in the slow sweep regime. We have also numerically calculated\nthe sub-lattice spin correlators for finite separation by evaluating the\nToeplitz determinants and find results consistent with the KZ picture in the\nabsence of noise, while in the presence of noise and slow sweep speeds the\ncorrelators exhibit the AKZ behavior. Furthermore, by considering the large\n$n$-separation asymptotes of the Toeplitz determinants, we further quantify the\neffect of the noise on the spin-spin correlators in the final decohered state.\nWe show that while the correlation length of the sub-lattice correlator scales\naccording to the AKZ behavior, we obtain different scaling for the\nmagnetization correlators.",
        "positive": "Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory for Superfluids: A density-functional theory is established for inhomogeneous superfluids at\nfinite temperature, subject to time-dependent external fields in isothermal\nconditions. After outlining parallelisms between a neutral superfluid and a\ncharged superconductor, Hohenberg-Kohn-Sham-type theorems are proved for\ngauge-invariant densities and a set of Bogolubov-Popov equations including\nexchange and correlation is set up. Earlier results applying in the linear\nresponse regime are recovered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Eigenstate thermalization scaling in approaching the classical limit: According to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), the\neigenstate-to-eigenstate fluctuations of expectation values of local\nobservables should decrease with increasing system size. In approaching the\nthermodynamic limit - the number of sites and the particle number increasing at\nthe same rate - the fluctuations should scale as $\\sim D^{-1/2}$ with the\nHilbert space dimension $D$. Here, we study a different limit - the classical\nor semiclassical limit - by increasing the particle number in fixed lattice\ntopologies. We focus on the paradigmatic Bose-Hubbard system, which is\nquantum-chaotic for large lattices and shows mixed behavior for small lattices.\nWe derive expressions for the expected scaling, assuming ideal eigenstates\nhaving Gaussian-distributed random components. We show numerically that, for\nlarger lattices, ETH scaling of physical mid-spectrum eigenstates follows the\nideal (Gaussian) expectation, but for smaller lattices, the scaling occurs via\na different exponent. We examine several plausible mechanisms for this\nanomalous scaling.",
        "positive": "Steady State of an Active Brownian Particle in Two-Dimensional Harmonic\n  Trap: We find an exact series solution for the steady-state probability\ndistribution of a harmonically trapped active Brownian particle in two\ndimensions, in the presence of translational diffusion. This series solution\nallows us to efficiently explore the behavior of the system in different\nparameter regimes. Identifying \"active\" and \"passive\" regimes, we predict a\nsurprising re-entrant active-to-passive transition with increasing trap\nstiffness. Our numerical simulations validate this finding. We discuss various\ninteresting limiting cases wherein closed form expressions for the\ndistributions can be obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling and Multi-scaling in Financial Markets: This paper reviews some of the phenomenological models which have been\nintroduced to incorporate the scaling properties of financial data. It also\nillustrates a microscopic model, based on heterogeneous interacting agents,\nwhich provides a possible explanation for the complex dynamics of markets'\nreturns. Scaling and multi-scaling analysis performed on the simulated data is\nin good quantitative agreement with the empirical results.",
        "positive": "Three-dimensional terminally attached self-avoiding walks and bridges: We study terminally attached self-avoiding walks and bridges on the simple\ncubic lattice, both by series analysis and Monte Carlo methods. We provide\nstrong numerical evidence supporting a scaling relation between self-avoiding\nwalks, bridges, and terminally attached self-avoiding walks, and posit that a\ncorresponding amplitude ratio is a universal quantity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random Ancestor Trees: We investigate a network growth model in which the genealogy controls the\nevolution. In this model, a new node selects a random target node and links\neither to this target node, or to its parent, or to its grandparent, etc; all\nnodes from the target node to its most ancient ancestor are equiprobable\ndestinations. The emerging random ancestor tree is very shallow: the fraction\ng_n of nodes at distance n from the root decreases super-exponentially with n,\ng_n=e^{-1}/(n-1)!. We find that a macroscopic hub at the root coexists with\nhighly connected nodes at higher generations. The maximal degree of a node at\nthe nth generation grows algebraically as N^{1/beta_n} where N is the system\nsize. We obtain the series of nontrivial exponents which are roots of\ntranscendental equations: beta_1= 1.351746, beta_2=1.682201, etc. As a\nconsequence, the fraction p_k of nodes with degree k has algebraic tail, p_k ~\nk^{-gamma}, with gamma=beta_1+1=2.351746.",
        "positive": "A simple renormalization group approximation of the groundstate\n  properties of interacting bosonic systems: We present a new, simple renormalization group method of investigating\ngroundstate properties of interacting bosonic systems. Our method reduces the\nnumber of particles in a system, which makes numerical calculations possible\nfor large systems. It is conceptually simple and easy to implement, and allows\nto investigate the properties unavailable through mean field approximations,\nsuch as one- and two-particle reduced density matrices of the groundstate. As\nan example, we model a weakly interacting 1D Bose gas in a harmonic trap.\nCompared to the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii approximation, our method provides\na more accurate description of the groundstate one-particle density matrix. We\nhave also obtained the Hall-Post lower bounds for the groundstate energy of the\ngas. All results have been obtained by the straightforward numerical\ndiagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of a classical short-range spin model with a phase\n  transition in one dimension: the Potts model with invisible states: We present the exact solution of the 1D classical short-range Potts model\nwith invisible states. Besides the $q$ states of the ordinary Potts model, this\npossesses $r$ additional states which contribute to the entropy, but not to the\ninteraction energy. We determine the partition function, using the\ntransfer-matrix method, in the general case of two ordering fields: $h_1$\nacting on a visible state and $h_2$ on an invisible state. We analyse its zeros\nin the complex-temperature plane in the case that $h_1=0$. When ${\\rm Im}\\,\nh_2=0$ and $r\\ge 0$, these zeros accumulate along a line that intersects the\nreal temperature axis at the origin. This corresponds to the usual \"phase\ntransition\" in a $1$D system. However, for ${\\rm Im}\\, h_2\\neq 0$ or $r<0$, the\nline of zeros intersects the positive part of the real temperature axis, which\nsignals the existence of a phase transition at non-zero temperature.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium statistics of an inelastically bouncing ball, subject to\n  gravity and a random force: We consider a particle moving on the half line $x>0$ and subject to a\nconstant force in the $-x$ direction plus a delta-correlated random force. At\n$x=0$ the particle is reflected inelastically. The velocities just after and\nbefore reflection satisfy $v_f=-rv_i$, where $r$ is the coefficient of\nrestitution. This simple model is of interest in connection with studies of\ndriven granular matter in a gravitational field. With an exact analytical\napproach and simulations we study the steady state distribution function\n$P(x,v)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A multipurpose information engine that can go beyond the Carnot limit: Motivated by the recent work by Mandal and Jarzynski on autonomous Maxwell\ndemon information engine, we have extended their model by introducing two\ndifferent heat baths. The system (demon) is coupled to a memory register (tape)\nand a work source. The performance of the system depends on the interplay\nbetween these two sources along with the heat baths.\n  We have found the system can act as an engine, refrigerator or an eraser.\nEven the combination of any two is possible in some parameter space. We have\nachieved the efficiency of the engine is greater than Carnot limit. The\ncoefficient of performance of refrigerator also achieves larger than Carnot\nlimit.",
        "positive": "Effects of Turbulent Environment and Random Noise on Self-Organized\n  Critical Behavior: Universality vs Nonuniversality: Self-organized criticality in the Hwa-Kardar model of \"running sandpile\"\n[Phys. Rev. A 45, 7002 (1992)] with a turbulent motion of the environment taken\ninto account is studied with the field theoretic renormalization group (RG).\nThe turbulent flow is modelled by the synthetic $d$-dimensional anisotropic\nvelocity ensemble introduced by Avellaneda and Majda [Commun. Math. Phys.131:\n381 (1990)] with finite correlation time. The Hwa-Kardar model with\ntime-independent (spatially quenched) random noise is considered alongside the\noriginal model with the white noise. The aim of the present paper is to explore\nfixed points of RG equations which determine the possible types of universality\nclasses (regimes of critical behavior of the system) and critical dimensions of\nthe measurable quantities. Our calculations demonstrate that influence of the\ntype of the random noise is extremely large: in contrast to the case of the\nwhite noise where the system possess three fixed points, the case of the\nspatially quenched noise involves four fixed points with overlapping stability\nregions. This means that in the latter case the critical behavior of the system\ndepends not only on the global parameters of the system which is the usual\ncase, but also on the initial values of the charges (coupling constants) of the\nsystem. These initial conditions determine the specific fixed point which will\nbe reached by RG flow. Since now the critical properties of the system are not\ndefined strictly by its parameters the situation may be interpreted as\nuniversality violation. Such systems are not forbidden but they are very rare.\nIt is especially interesting that the same model without turbulent motion of\nthe environment does not predict this nonuniversal behavior and demonstrates\nthe \"usual\" one with prescribed universality classes instead [J.~Stat. Phys.\n178, 392 (2020)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Novel Mechanism for Discrete Scale Invariance in Sandpile Models: Numerical simulations and a mean-field analysis of a sandpile model of\nearthquake aftershocks in 1d, 2d and 3d euclidean lattices determine that the\naverage stress decays in a punctuated fashion after a main shock, with events\noccurring at characteristic times increasing as a geometrical series with a\nwell-defined multiplicative factor which is a function of the stress corrosion\nexponent, the stress drop ratio and the degree of dissipation. These results\nare independent of the discrete nature of the lattice and stem from the\ninterplay between the threshold dynamics and the power law stress relaxation.",
        "positive": "Mean-field interactions in evolutionary spatial games: We introduce a mean-field term to an evolutionary spatial game model. Namely,\nwe consider the game of Nowak and May, based on the Prisoner's dilemma, and\naugment the game rules by a self-consistent mean-field term. This way, an agent\noperates based on local information from its neighbors and nonlocal information\nvia the mean-field coupling. We simulate the model and construct the\nsteady-state phase diagram, which shows significant new features due to the\nmean-field term: while for the game of Nowak and May, steady states are\ncharacterized by a constant mean density of cooperators, the mean-field game\ncontains steady states with a continuous dependence of the density on the\npayoff parameter. Moreover, the mean-field term changes the nature of\ntransitions from discontinuous jumps in the steady-state density to jumps in\nthe first derivative. The main effects are observed for stationary steady\nstates, which are parametrically close to chaotic states: the mean-field\ncoupling drives such stationary states into spatial chaos. Our approach can be\nreadily generalized to a broad class of spatial evolutionary games with\ndeterministic and stochastic decision rules."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jarzyski's equality and Crooks' fluctuation theorem for general Markov\n  chains with application to decision-making systems: We define common thermodynamic concepts purely within the framework of\ngeneral Markov chains and derive Jarzynski's equality and Crooks' fluctuation\ntheorem in this setup. In particular, we regard the discrete time case that\nleads to an asymmetry in the definition of work that appears in the usual\nformulation of Crooks' fluctuation theorem. We show how this asymmetry can be\navoided with an additional condition regarding the energy protocol. The general\nformulation in terms of Markov chains allows transferring the results to other\napplication areas outside of physics. Here, we discuss how this framework can\nbe applied in the context of decision-making. This involves the definition of\nthe relevant quantities, the assumptions that need to be made for the different\nfluctuation theorems to hold, as well as the consideration of discrete\ntrajectories instead of the continuous trajectories, which are relevant in\nphysics.",
        "positive": "Generalization of the Grad method in plasma physics: The Grad method is generalized based on the Bogolyubov idea of the functional\nhypothesis for states at the end of relaxation processes in a system. The Grad\nproblem (i.e., description of the Maxwell relaxation) for a completely ionized\nspatially uniform two-component electron-ion plasma is investigated using the\nLandau kinetic equation. The component distribution functions and time\nevolution equations for parameters describing the state of a system are\ncalculated, and corrections are obtained to the known results in a perturbation\ntheory in a small electron-to-ion mass ratio."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Bound on the Asymmetry of Cross-Correlations: The principle of microscopic reversibility says that, in equilibrium,\ntwo-time cross-correlations are symmetric under the exchange of observables.\nThus, the asymmetry of cross-correlations is a fundamental, measurable, and\noften-used statistical signature of deviation from equilibrium. Here we find a\nsimple and universal inequality that bounds the magnitude of asymmetry by the\ncycle affinity, i.e., the strength of thermodynamic driving. Our result applies\nto a large class of systems and all state observables, and it suggests a\nfundamental thermodynamic cost for various nonequilibrium functions quantified\nby the asymmetry. It also provides a powerful tool to infer affinity from\nmeasured cross-correlations, in a different and complementary way to the\nthermodynamic uncertainty relations. As an application, we prove a\nthermodynamic bound on the coherence of noisy oscillations, which was\npreviously conjectured by Barato and Seifert [Phys. Rev. E 95, 062409 (2017)].\nWe also derive a thermodynamic bound on directed information flow in a\nbiochemical signal transduction model.",
        "positive": "Effects of disorder and magnetic field in frustrated magnets: In this work a site diluted antiferromagntic Ising model in the FCC lattice\nis studied by Monte Carlo simulation. At low temperatures, we find that as the\nexternal field is increased the transition from the antiferromagnetic phase to\nthe superantiferromagnetic one occurs through an intermediate phase which is\nnot present in the undiluted system. This new phase ordering has three distinct\nvalues for the sublattice magnetizations corresponding to one of the phases\nfound in a recent mean field calculation thus suggesting that in strongly\nfrustrated systems many novel spins ordering may arises as found\nexperimentally, for instance, in some pyrochlores."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic Response of Adhesion Complexes: Beyond the Single-Path Picture: We analyze the response of molecular adhesion complexes to increasing pulling\nforces (dynamic force spectroscopy) when dissociation can occur along either\none of two alternative trajectories in the underlying multidimensional energy\nlandscape. A great diversity of behaviors (e.g. non-monotonicity) is found for\nthe unbinding force and time as a function of the rate at which the pulling\nforce is increased. We highlight an intrinsic difficulty in unambiguously\ndetermining the features of the energy landscape from single-molecule pulling\nexperiments. We also suggest a class of ``harpoon'' stickers that bind easily\nbut resist strong pulling efficiently.",
        "positive": "First-order transitions for n-vector models in two and more dimensions;\n  rigorous proof: We prove that various SO(n)-invariant n-vector models with interactions which\nhave a deep and narrow enough minimum have a first-order transition in the\ntemperature. The result holds in dimension two or more, and is independent on\nthe nature of the low-temperature phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Necessary and sufficient conditions for $\\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry-breaking\n  phase transitions: In a recent paper a toy model (hypercubic model) undergoing a first-order\n$\\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry-breaking phase transition ($\\mathbb{Z}_2$-SBPT) was\nintroduced. The hypercubic model was inspired by the \\emph{topological\nhypothesis}, according to which a phase transition may be entailed by suitable\ntopological changes of the equipotential surfaces ($\\Sigma_v$'s) of\nconfiguration space. In this paper we show that at the origin of a\n$\\mathbb{Z}_2$-SBPT there is a geometric property of the $\\Sigma_v$'s, i.e.,\ndumbbell-shaped $\\Sigma_v$'s suitably defined, which includes a topological\nchange as a limiting case. This property is necessary and sufficient condition\nto entail a $\\mathbb{Z}_2$-SBPT. This new approach has been applied to three\nmodels: a modified version introduced here of the hypercubic model, a model\nintroduced in a recent paper with a continuous $\\mathbb{Z}_2$-SBPT belonging to\nseveral universality classes, and finally to a physical models, i.e., the\nmean-field $\\phi^4$ model and a simplified version of it.",
        "positive": "Transport of Finite Size Self-Propelled Particles Confined in a 2D\n  Zigzag Channel with Gaussian Colored Noise: The directional transport of finite size self-propelled Brownian particles\nconfined in a 2D zigzag channel with colored noise is investigated. The\nnoises(noise parallel to x-axis and y-axis), the asymmetry parameter {\\Delta}k,\nthe ratio f(ratio of the particle radius and the bottleneck half width), the\nselfpropelled speed v0 have joint effect on the particles. The average velocity\nof self-propelled particles is significantly different from passive particles.\nThe average velocity exhibits complicated behavior with increasing\nself-propelled speed v0"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear Stochastic Dynamics of Complex Systems, I: A Chemical Reaction\n  Kinetic Perspective with Mesoscopic Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: We distinguish a mechanical representation of the world in terms of point\nmasses with positions and momenta and the chemical representation of the world\nin terms of populations of different individuals, each with intrinsic\nstochasticity, but population wise with statistical rate laws in their\nsyntheses, degradations, spatial diffusion, individual state transitions, and\ninteractions. Such a formal kinetic system in a small volume $V$, like a single\ncell, can be rigorously treated in terms of a Markov process describing its\nnonlinear kinetics as well as nonequilibrium thermodynamics at a mesoscopic\nscale. We introduce notions such as open, driven chemical systems, entropy\nproduction, free energy dissipation, etc. Then in the macroscopic limit, we\nillustrate how two new \"laws\", in terms of a generalized free energy of the\nmesoscopic stochastic dynamics, emerge. Detailed balance and complex balance\nare two special classes of \"simple\" nonlinear kinetics. Phase transition is\nintrinsically related to multi-stability and saddle-node bifurcation\nphenomenon, in the limits of time $t\\rightarrow\\infty$ and system's size\n$V\\rightarrow\\infty$. Using this approach, we re-articulate the notion of\ninanimate equilibrium branch of a system and nonequilibrium state of a living\nmatter, as originally proposed by Nicolis and Prigogine, and seek a logic\nconsistency between this viewpoint and that of P. W. Anderson and J. J.\nHopfield's in which macroscopic law emerges through symmetry breaking.",
        "positive": "Parity effects in the scaling of block entanglement in gapless spin\n  chains: We consider the Renyi alpha-entropies for Luttinger liquids (LL). For large\nblock lengths l these are known to grow like ln l. We show that there are\nsubleading terms that oscillate with frequency 2k_F (the Fermi wave number of\nthe LL) and exhibit a universal power-law decay with l. The new critical\nexponent is equal to K/(2 alpha), where K is the LL parameter. We present\nnumerical results for the anisotropic XXZ model and the full analytic solution\nfor the free fermion (XX) point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stationarity, time--reversal and fluctuation theory for a class of\n  piecewise deterministic Markov processes: We consider a class of stochastic dynamical systems, called piecewise\ndeterministic Markov processes, with states $(x, \\s)\\in \\O\\times \\G$, $\\O$\nbeing a region in $\\bbR^d$ or the $d$--dimensional torus, $\\G$ being a finite\nset. The continuous variable $x$ follows a piecewise deterministic dynamics,\nthe discrete variable $\\s$ evolves by a stochastic jump dynamics and the two\nresulting evolutions are fully--coupled. We study stationarity, reversibility\nand time--reversal symmetries of the process. Increasing the frequency of the\n$\\s$--jumps, we show that the system behaves asymptotically as deterministic\nand we investigate the structure of fluctuations (i.e. deviations from the\nasymptotic behavior), recovering in a non Markovian frame results obtained by\nBertini et al. \\cite{BDGJL1, BDGJL2, BDGJL3, BDGJL4}, in the context of\nMarkovian stochastic interacting particle systems. Finally, we discuss a\nGallavotti--Cohen--type symmetry relation with involution map different from\ntime--reversal. For several examples the above results are recovered by\nexplicit computations.",
        "positive": "Critical Behaviour of Random Bond Potts Models: A Transfer Matrix Study: We study the two-dimensional Potts model on the square lattice in the\npresence of quenched random-bond impurities. For q>4 the first-order\ntransitions of the pure model are softened due to the impurities, and we\ndetermine the resulting universality classes by combining transfer matrix data\nwith conformal invariance. The magnetic exponent beta/nu varies continuously\nwith q, assuming non-Ising values for q>4, whereas the correlation length\nexponent nu is numerically consistent with unity. We present evidence for the\ncorrectness of a formerly proposed phase diagram, unifying pure, percolative\nand non-trivial random behaviour."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solitons in one-dimensional interacting Bose-Einstein system: A modified Gross-Pitaevskii approximation was introduced recently for bosons\nin dimension $d\\le2$ by Kolomeisky {\\it et al.} (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 85} 1146\n(2000)). We use the density functional approach with sixth-degree interaction\nenergy term in the Bose field to reproduce the stationary-frame results of\nKolomeisky {\\it et al.} for a one-dimensional Bose-Einstein system with a\nrepulsive interaction. We also find a soliton solution for an attractive\ninteraction, which may be boosted to a finite velocity by a Galilean\ntransformation. The stability of such a soliton is discussed analytically. We\nprovide a general treatment of stationary solutions in one dimension which\nincludes the above solutions as special cases. This treatment leads to a\nvariety of stationary wave solutions for both attractive and repulsive\ninteractions.",
        "positive": "Finite Temperature Scaling in Density Functional Theory: A previous analysis of scaling, bounds, and inequalities for the\nnon-interacting functionals of thermal density functional theory is extended to\nthe full interacting functionals. The results are obtained from analysis of the\nrelated functionals from the equilibrium statistical mechanics of\nthermodynamics for an inhomogeneous system. Their extension to the functionals\nof density functional theory is described."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tune the topology to create or destroy patterns: We consider the dynamics of a reaction-diffusion system on a multigraph. The\nspecies share the same set of nodes but can access different links to explore\nthe embedding spatial support. By acting on the topology of the networks we can\ncontrol the ability of the system to self-organise in macroscopic patterns,\nemerging as a symmetry breaking instability of an homogeneous fixed point. Two\ndifferent cases study are considered: on the one side, we produce a global\nmodification of the networks, starting from the limiting setting where species\nare hosted on the same graph. On the other, we consider the effect of inserting\njust one additional single link to differentiate the two graphs. In both cases,\npatterns can be generated or destroyed, as follows the imposed, small,\ntopological perturbation. Approximate analytical formulae allows to grasp the\nessence of the phenomenon and can potentially inspire innovative control\nstrategies to shape the macroscopic dynamics on multigraph networks",
        "positive": "On the statistical mechanics of prion diseases: We simulate a two-dimensional, lattice based, protein-level statistical\nmechanical model for prion diseases (e.g., Mad Cow disease) with concommitant\nprion protein misfolding and aggregation. Our simulations lead us to the\nhypothesis that the observed broad incubation time distribution in\nepidemiological data reflect fluctuation dominated growth seeded by a few\nnanometer scale aggregates, while much narrower incubation time distributions\nfor innoculated lab animals arise from statistical self averaging. We model\n`species barriers' to prion infection and assess a related treatment protocol."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Density-Dependent Diffusion Model of an Interacting System of Brownian\n  Particles: Density-dependent diffusion is a widespread phenomenon in nature. We have\nexamined the density-dependent diffusion behavior of some biological processes\nsuch as tumor growth and invasion [23]. Here, we extend our previous work by\ndeveloping computational techniques to analyze the density-dependent diffusion\nbehavior of one-dimensional interacting particle systems, which have been used\nto model numerous microscopic processes [17-19], and we apply our techniques to\nan interacting system of Brownian particles, with hard-core interactions and\nnearest-neighbor adhesion, known as single-file dynamics. Through large-scale\nnumerical simulations that exploit Monte-Carlo techniques and high-performance\ncomputing resources, we show that the diffusion rate in such systems depends on\nthe average particle density. Extensions to the techniques we present here\nenable researchers to examine the density-dependent diffusion behavior of many\nphysical systems in nature that undergo one-dimensional diffusion associated\nwith a change in the particle density; such as ion transport processes,\nchanneling in zeolites, etc.",
        "positive": "Weak first-order phase transitions in the frustrated square lattice\n  J1-J2 classical Ising model: The classical $J_1$-$J_2$ Ising model on the square lattice is a minimal\nmodel of frustrated magnetism whose phase boundaries have remained under\nscrutiny for decades. Signs of first-order phase transitions have appeared in\nsome studies, but strong evidence remains lacking. The current consensus, based\nupon the numerical data and theoretical arguments in [S. Jin et al., Phys. Rev.\nLett. \\textbf{108}, 045702 (2012)], is that first-order phase transitions are\nruled out in the region $g = J_2/|J_1|\\gtrsim 0.67$. We point out a loophole in\nthe basis for this consensus, and we find strong evidence that the phase\nboundary is instead weak first-order at $0.67\\lesssim g<\\infty$ such that it\nasymptotically becomes second-order when $g\\rightarrow\\infty$. We also find\nstrong evidence that the phase boundary is first-order in the region\n$0.5<g\\lesssim0.67$. We establish these results with adiabatic evolution of\nmatrix product states directly in the thermodynamic limit, and with the theory\nof finite entanglement scaling. We also find suggestive evidence that when\n$g\\rightarrow0.5^+$, the phase boundary becomes of an anomalous first-order\ntype wherein the correlation length is very large in one of the coexisting\nphases but very small in the other."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Directed transient long-range transport in a slowly driven Hamiltonian\n  system of interacting particles: We study the Hamiltonian dynamics of a one-dimensional chain of linearly\ncoupled particles in a spatially periodic potential which is subjected to a\ntime-periodic mono-frequency external field. The average over time and space of\nthe related force vanishes and hence, the system is effectively without bias\nwhich excludes any ratchet effect. We pay special attention to the escape of\nthe entire chain when initially all of its units are distributed in a potential\nwell. Moreover for an escaping chain we explore the possibility of the\nsuccessive generation of a directed flow based on large accelerations. We find\nthat for adiabatic slope-modulations due to the ac-field transient long-range\ntransport dynamics arises whose direction is governed by the initial phase of\nthe modulation. Most strikingly, that for the driven many particle Hamiltonian\nsystem directed collective motion is observed provides evidence for the\nexistence of families of transporting invariant tori confining orbits in\nballistic channels in the high dimensional phase spaces.",
        "positive": "Test of Information Theory on the Boltzmann Equation: We examine information theory using the steady-state Boltzmann equation. In a\nnonequilibrium steady-state system under steady heat conduction, the\nthermodynamic quantities from information theory are calculated and compared\nwith those from the steady-state Boltzmann equation. We have found that\ninformation theory is inconsistent with the steady-state Boltzmann equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interpretation of apparent thermal conductivity in finite systems from\n  equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations: We propose a way to properly interpret the apparent thermal conductivity\nobtained for finite systems using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations\n(EMD) with fixed or open boundary conditions in the transport direction. In\nsuch systems the heat current autocorrelation function develops negative values\nafter a correlation time which is proportional to the length of the simulation\ncell in the transport direction. Accordingly, the running thermal conductivity\ndevelops a maximum value at the same correlation time and eventually decays to\nzero. By comparing EMD with nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD)\nsimulations, we conclude that the maximum thermal conductivity from EMD in a\nsystem with domain length 2L is equal to the thermal conductivity from NEMD in\na system with domain length L. This facilitates the use of nonperiodic-boundary\nEMD for thermal transport in finite samples in close correspondence to NEMD.",
        "positive": "The Monte Carlo and fractional kinetics approaches to the underground\n  anomalous subdiffusion of contaminants: This paper deals with a comparison of Fractional Derivative and Monte carlo\napproaches to the modelling of anomalous diffusion in the field of particle\ntransport. The goal of this research is to provide a better insight on the\nbehavior of (radioactive) contaminant tracers when flowing through\nheterogeneous media."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structural transitions in hypersphere fluids: predictions of Kirkwood's\n  approximation: We use an analytic criterion for vanishing of exponential damping of\ncorrelations developed previously (Piasecki et al, J. Chem. Phys., 133, 164507,\n2010) to determine the threshold volume fractions for structural transitions in\nhard sphere systems in dimensions D=3,4,5 and 6, proceeding from the YBG\nhierarchy and using the Kirkwood superposition approximation. We conclude that\nthe theory does predict phase transitions in qualitative agreement with\nnumerical studies. We also derive, within the superposition approximation, the\nasymptotic form of the analytic condition for occurence of a structural\ntransition in the D->Infinity limit .",
        "positive": "Size-frequency distribution and the large deviation function for\n  frequency in simple models of earthquakes: a scaling approach: Fluctuations in the occurrence of large, disastrous earthquakes are important\nfor the study of deviations from the regular behavior of earthquakes. In this\nstudy, to assist in our understanding of the irregular behavior of earthquake\noccurrences, we calculate the large deviation function for the frequency of\nearthquakes. We study the temporal sequence of the largest earthquakes in\nsimple one-dimensional forest-fire models in which the fluctuations in the\nloading and fracture processes are taken into consideration. We introduce four\ndifferent models with fixed trigger sites that represent the points from which\nruptures propagate. The size-frequency distributions and scaled large deviation\nfunctions for the frequency of the largest earthquakes in the system are\ncalculated and their behaviors are classified. The calculated large deviation\nfunctions are compared with those of the homogeneous Poisson process and of the\none-site forest-fire model. We find that the large deviation function largely\ndepends on the model parameters and the fixed trigger sites, and in most cases,\nthe large deviation function deviates from that of the homogeneous Poisson\nprocess. The relation between the size-frequency distribution and the large\ndeviation function for the frequency is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simulation studies of permeation through two-dimensional ideal polymer\n  networks: We study the diffusion process through an ideal polymer network, using\nnumerical methods. Polymers are modeled by random walks on the bonds of a\ntwo-dimensional square lattice. Molecules occupy the lattice cells and may jump\nto the nearest-neighbor cells, with probability determined by the occupation of\nthe bond separating the two cells. Subjected to a concentration gradient across\nthe system, a constant average current flows in the steady state. Its behavior\nappears to be a non-trivial function of polymer length, mass density and\ntemperature, for which we offer qualitative explanations.",
        "positive": "Rejection-free Geometric Cluster Algorithm for Complex Fluids: We present a novel, generally applicable Monte Carlo algorithm for the\nsimulation of fluid systems. Geometric transformations are used to identify\nclusters of particles in such a manner that every cluster move is accepted,\nirrespective of the nature of the pair interactions. The rejection-free and\nnon-local nature of the algorithm make it particularly suitable for the\nefficient simulation of complex fluids with components of widely varying size,\nsuch as colloidal mixtures. Compared to conventional simulation algorithms,\ntypical efficiency improvements amount to several orders of magnitude."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy driven mechanism for noise induced patterns formation in\n  reaction-diffusion systems: We have studied the entropy-driven mechanism leading to stationary patterns\nformation in stochastic systems with local dynamics and non-Fickian diffusion.\nWe have shown that a multiplicative noise fulfilling a fluctuation-dissipation\nrelation is able to induce and sustain stationary structures with its intensity\ngrowth. It was found that at small and large noise intensities the system is\ncharacterized by unstable homogeneous states. At intermediate values of the\nnoise intensity three types of patterns are possible: nucleation, spinodal\ndecomposition and stripes with liner defects (dislocations). Our analytical\ninvestigations are verified by computer simulations.",
        "positive": "Random walks, diffusion limited aggregation in a wedge, and average\n  conformal maps: We investigate diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) in a wedge geometry.\nArneodo and collaborators have suggested that the ensemble average of DLA\ncluster density should be close to the noise-free selected Saffman-Taylor\nfinger. We show that a different, but related, ensemble average, that of the\nconformal maps associated with random clusters, yields a non-trivial shape\nwhich is also not far from the Saffman-Taylor finger. However, we have\npreviously demonstrated that the same average of DLA in a channel geometry is\nnot the Saffman-Taylor finger. This casts doubt on the idea that the average of\nnoisy diffusion-limited growth is governed by a simple transcription of\nnoise-free results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal Phase Transition of Generalized Heisenberg Models for SU(N)\n  Spins on Square and Honeycomb Lattices: We investigate thermal phase transitions to a valence-bond solid phase in\nSU(N) Heisenberg models with four- or six-body interactions on a square or\nhoneycomb lattice, respectively. In both cases, a thermal phase transition\noccurs that is accompanied by rotational symmetry breaking of the lattice. We\nperform quantum Monte Carlo calculations in order to clarify the critical\nproperties of the models. The estimated critical exponents indicate that the\nuniversality classes of the square- and honeycomb-lattice cases are identical\nto those of the classical $XY$ model with a $Z_4$ symmetry-breaking field and\nthe 3-state Potts model, respectively. In the square-lattice case, the thermal\nexponent, $\\nu$, monotonically increases as the system approaches the quantum\ncritical point, while the values of the critical exponents, $\\eta$ and\n$\\gamma/\\nu$, remain constant. From a finite-size scaling analysis, we find\nthat the system exhibits weak universality, because the $Z_4$ symmetry-breaking\nfield is always marginal. In contrast, $\\nu$ in the honeycomb-lattice case\nexhibits a constant value, even in the vicinity of the quantum critical point,\nbecause the $Z_3$ field remains relevant in the SU(3) and SU(4) cases.",
        "positive": "A stochastic model of anomalous heat transport: analytical solution of\n  the steady state: We consider a one-dimensional harmonic crystal with conservative noise, in\ncontact with two stochastic Langevin heat baths at different temperatures. The\nnoise term consists of collisions between neighbouring oscillators that\nexchange their momenta, with a rate $\\gamma$. The stationary equations for the\ncovariance matrix are exactly solved in the thermodynamic limit ($N\\to\\infty$).\nIn particular, we derive an analytical expression for the temperature profile,\nwhich turns out to be independent of $\\gamma$. Moreover, we obtain an exact\nexpression for the leading term of the energy current, which scales as\n$1/\\sqrt{\\gamma N}$. Our theoretical results are finally found to be consistent\nwith the numerical solutions of the covariance matrix for finite $N$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of exponential Kolmogorov-Nagumo averages: This paper investigates generalized thermodynamic relationships in physical\nsystems where relevant macroscopic variables are determined by the exponential\nKolmogorov-Nagumo average. We show that while the thermodynamic entropy of such\nsystems is naturally described by R\\'{e}nyi's entropy with parameter $\\gamma$,\nan ordinary Boltzmann distribution still describes their statistics under\nequilibrium thermodynamics. Our results show that systems described by\nexponential Kolmogorov-Nagumo averages can be interpreted as systems originally\nin thermal equilibrium with a heat reservoir with inverse temperature $\\beta$\nthat are suddenly quenched to another heat reservoir with inverse temperature\n$\\beta' = (1-\\gamma)\\beta$. Furthermore, we show the connection with\nmultifractal thermodynamics. For the non-equilibrium case, we show that the\ndynamics of systems described by exponential Kolmogorov-Nagumo averages still\nobserve a second law of thermodynamics and the H-theorem. We further discuss\nthe applications of stochastic thermodynamics in those systems -- namely, the\nvalidity of fluctuation theorems -- and the connection with thermodynamic\nlength. namic length.",
        "positive": "Randomly Driven Granular Fluids: collisional statistics and short scale\n  structure: We present a molecular dynamics and kinetic theory study of granular\nmaterial, modeled by inelastic hard disks, fluidized by a random driving force.\nThe focus is on collisional averages and short distance correlations in the\nnon-equilibrium steady state, in order to analyze in a quantitative manner the\nbreakdown of molecular chaos, i.e. factorization of the two-particle\ndistribution function, $f^{(2)}(x_1,x_2) \\simeq \\chi f^(1)(x_1) f^{(1)}(x_2)$\nin a product of single particle ones, where $x_i = \\{{\\bf r}_i, {\\bf v}_i \\}$\nwith $i=1,2$ and $\\chi$ represents the position correlation. We have found that\nmolecular chaos is only violated in a small region of the two-particle phase\nspace $\\{x_1,x_2\\}$, where there is a predominance of grazing collisions. The\nsize of this singular region grows with increasing inelasticity. The existence\nof particle- and noise-induced recollisions magnifies the departure from mean\nfield behavior. The implications of this breakdown in several physical\nquantities are explored."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lattice density functional for colloid-polymer mixtures: Multi-occupancy\n  versus Highlander version: We consider a binary mixture of colloid and polymer particles with positions\non a simple cubic lattice. Colloids exclude both colloids and polymers from\nnearest neighbor sites. Polymers are treated as effective particles that are\nmutually non-interacting, but exclude colloids from neighboring sites; this is\na discrete version of the (continuum) Asakura-Oosawa-Vrij model. Two\nalternative density functionals are proposed and compared in detail. The first\nis based on multi-occupancy in the zero-dimensional limit of the bare model,\nanalogous to the corresponding continuum theory that reproduces the bulk fluid\nfree energy of free volume theory. The second is based on mapping the polymers\nonto a multicomponent mixture of polymer clusters that are shown to behave as\nhard cores; the corresponding (Highlander) property of the extended model in\nstrong confinement permits direct treatment with lattice fundamental measure\ntheory. Both theories predict the same topology for the phase diagram with a\ncontinuous fluid-fcc freezing transition at low polymer fugacity and, upon\ncrossing a tricritical point, a first-order freezing transition for high\npolymer fugacities with rapidly broadening density jump.",
        "positive": "Energy diffusion in frustrated quantum spin chains exhibiting Gaussian\n  orthogonal ensemble level statistics: Frustrated quantum $XXZ$ spin chains with the next-nearest-neighbor (NNN)\ncouplings are typically deterministic many-body systems exhibiting Gaussian\northogonal ensemble (GOE) spectral statistics. We investigate energy diffusion\nfor these spin chains in the presence of a periodically oscillating magnetic\nfield. Diffusion coefficients are found to obey the power law with respect to\nboth the field strength and driving frequency with its power varying depending\non the linear response and non-perturbative regimes. The widths of the linear\nresponse and the non-perturbative regimes depend on the strength of\nfrustrations. We have also elucidated a mechanism for oscillation of energy\ndiffusion in the case of weakened frustrations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How many dissenters does it take to disorder a flock?: We consider the effect of introducing a small number of non-aligning agents\nin a well-formed flock. To this end, we modify a minimal model of active\nBrownian particles with purely repulsive (excluded volume) forces to introduce\nan alignment interaction that will be experienced by all the particles except\nfor a small minority of \"dissenters\". We find that even a very small fraction\nof dissenters disrupts the flocking state. Strikingly, these motile dissenters\nare much more effective than an equal number of static obstacles in breaking up\nthe flock. For the studied system sizes we obtain clear evidence of scale\ninvariance at the flocking-disorder transition point and the system can be\neffectively described with a finite-size scaling formalism. We develop a\ncontinuum model for the system which reveals that dissenters act like annealed\nnoise on aligners, with a noise strength that grows with the persistence of the\ndissenters' dynamics.",
        "positive": "Quantumlike Diffusion over Discrete Sets: In the present paper, a discrete differential calculus is introduced and used\nto describe dynamical systems over arbitrary graphs. The discretization of\nspace and time allows the derivation of Heisenberg-like uncertainty\ninequalities and of a Schrodinger-like equation of motion, without need of any\nquantization procedure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unified tensor network theory for frustrated classical spin models in\n  two dimensions: Frustration is a ubiquitous phenomenon in many-body physics that influences\nthe nature of the system in a profound way with exotic emergent behavior.\nDespite its long research history, the analytical or numerical investigations\non frustrated spin models remain a formidable challenge due to their extensive\nground state degeneracy. In this work, we propose a unified tensor network\ntheory to numerically solve the frustrated classical spin models on various\ntwo-dimensional (2D) lattice geometry with high efficiency. We show that the\nappropriate encoding of emergent degrees of freedom in each local tensor is of\ncrucial importance in the construction of the infinite tensor network\nrepresentation of the partition function. The frustrations are thus relieved\nthrough the effective interactions between emergent local degrees of freedom.\nThen the partition function is written as a product of a one-dimensional (1D)\ntransfer operator, whose eigen-equation can be solved by the standard algorithm\nof matrix product states rigorously, and various phase transitions can be\naccurately determined from the singularities of the entanglement entropy of the\n1D quantum correspondence. We demonstrated the power of our unified theory by\nnumerically solving 2D fully frustrated XY spin models on the kagome, square\nand triangular lattices, giving rise to a variety of thermal phase transitions\nfrom infinite-order Brezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions, second-order\ntransitions, to first-order phase transitions. Our approach holds the potential\napplication to other types of frustrated classical systems like Heisenberg spin\nantiferromagnets.",
        "positive": "Geometrical clusters in two-dimensional random-field Ising models: We consider geometrical clusters (i.e. domains of parallel spins) in the\nsquare lattice random field Ising model by varying the strength of the Gaussian\nrandom field, $\\Delta$. In agreement with the conclusion of previous\ninvestigation (Phys. Rev. E{\\bf 63}, 066109 (2001)), the geometrical\ncorrelation length, i.e. the average size of the clusters, $\\xi$, is finite for\n$\\Delta > \\Delta_c \\approx 1.65$ and divergent for $\\Delta \\le \\Delta_c$. The\nscaling function of the distribution of the mass of the clusters as well as the\ngeometrical correlation function are found to involve the scaling exponents of\ncritical percolation. On the other hand the divergence of the correlation\nlength, $\\xi(\\Delta) \\sim (\\Delta - \\Delta_c)^{-\\nu}$, with $\\nu \\approx 2.$ is\nrelated to that of tricritical percolation. It is verified numerically that\ncritical geometrical correlations transform conformally."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comparison of the Standard Statistical Thermodynamics (SST) with the\n  Generalized Statistical Thermodynamics (GST) Results for the Ising Chain: In this study, the internal energy and the specific heat of the one-\ndimensional Ising model obtained in the frame of the generalized statistical\nthermodynamics by Andrade [Physica A175 (1991) 285], have been extended\nsomewhat and compared with the internal energy and the specific heat which have\nbeen calculated in the standard statistical thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Breakdown of a conservation law in incommensurate systems: We show that invariance properties of the Lagrangian of an incommensurate\nsystem, as described by the Frenkel Kontorova model, imply the existence of a\ngeneralized angular momentum which is an integral of motion if the system\nremains floating. The behavior of this quantity can therefore monitor the\ncharacter of the system as floating (when it is conserved) or locked (when it\nis not). We find that, during the dynamics, the non-linear couplings of our\nmodel cause parametric phonon excitations which lead to the appearance of\nUmklapp terms and to a sudden deviation of the generalized momentum from a\nconstant value, signalling a dynamical transition from a floating to a pinned\nstate. We point out that this transition is related but does not coincide with\nthe onset of sliding friction which can take place when the system is still\nfloating."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glassy dynamics in strongly anharmonic chains of oscillators: We review the mechanism for transport in strongly anharmonic chains of\noscillators near the atomic limit where all oscillators are decoupled. In this\nregime, the motion of most oscillators remains close to integrable, i.e.\nquasi-periodic, on very long time scales, while a few chaotic spots move very\nslowly and redistribute the energy across the system. The material acquires\nseveral characteristic properties of dynamical glasses: intermittency, jamming\nand a drastic reduction of the mobility as a function of the thermodynamical\nparameters. We consider both classical and quantum systems, though with more\nemphasis on the former, and we discuss also the connections with quenched\ndisordered systems, which display a similar physics to a large extent.",
        "positive": "Velocity Distribution of Driven Inelastic One-component Maxwell gas: The nature of the velocity distribution of a driven granular gas, though well\nstudied, is unknown as to whether it is universal or not, and if universal what\nit is. We determine the tails of the steady state velocity distribution of a\ndriven inelastic Maxwell gas, which is a simple model of a granular gas where\nthe rate of collision between particles is independent of the separation as\nwell as the relative velocity. We show that the steady state velocity\ndistribution is non-universal and depends strongly on the nature of driving.\nThe asymptotic behavior of the velocity distribution are shown to be identical\nto that of a non-interacting model where the collisions between particles are\nignored. For diffusive driving, where collisions with the wall are modelled by\nan additive noise, the tails of the velocity distribution is universal only if\nthe noise distribution decays faster than exponential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimized broad-histogram simulations for strong first-order phase\n  transitions: Droplet transitions in the large-Q Potts model: The numerical simulation of strongly first-order phase transitions has\nremained a notoriously difficult problem even for classical systems due to the\nexponentially suppressed (thermal) equilibration in the vicinity of such a\ntransition. In the absence of efficient update techniques, a common approach to\nimprove equilibration in Monte Carlo simulations is to broaden the sampled\nstatistical ensemble beyond the bimodal distribution of the canonical ensemble.\nHere we show how a recently developed feedback algorithm can systematically\noptimize such broad-histogram ensembles and significantly speed up\nequilibration in comparison with other extended ensemble techniques such as\nflat-histogram, multicanonical or Wang-Landau sampling. As a prototypical\nexample of a strong first-order transition we simulate the two-dimensional\nPotts model with up to Q=250 different states on large systems. The optimized\nhistogram develops a distinct multipeak structure, thereby resolving entropic\nbarriers and their associated phase transitions in the phase coexistence region\nsuch as droplet nucleation and annihilation or droplet-strip transitions for\nsystems with periodic boundary conditions. We characterize the efficiency of\nthe optimized histogram sampling by measuring round-trip times tau(N,Q) across\nthe phase transition for samples of size N spins. While we find power-law\nscaling of tau vs. N for small Q \\lesssim 50 and N \\lesssim 40^2, we observe a\ncrossover to exponential scaling for larger Q. These results demonstrate that\ndespite the ensemble optimization broad-histogram simulations cannot fully\neliminate the supercritical slowing down at strongly first-order transitions.",
        "positive": "Quantum dynamics with stochastic reset: We study non-equilibrium dynamics of integrable and non-integrable closed\nquantum systems whose unitary evolution is interrupted with stochastic resets,\ncharacterized by a reset rate $r$, that project the system to its initial\nstate. We show that the steady state density matrix of a non-integrable system,\naveraged over the reset distribution, retains its off-diagonal elements for any\nfinite $r$. Consequently a generic observable $\\hat O$, whose expectation value\nreceives contribution from these off-diagonal elements, never thermalizes under\nsuch dynamics for any finite $r$. We demonstrate this phenomenon by exact\nnumerical studies of experimentally realizable models of ultracold bosonic\natoms in a tilted optical lattice. For integrable Dirac-like fermionic models\ndriven periodically between such resets, the reset-averaged steady state is\nfound to be described by a family of generalized Gibbs ensembles (GGE s)\ncharacterized by $r$. We also study the spread of particle density of a\nnon-interacting one-dimensional fermionic chain, starting from an initial state\nwhere all fermions occupy the left half of the sample, while the right half is\nempty. When driven by resetting dynamics, the density profile approaches at\nlong times to a nonequilibrium stationary profile that we compute exactly. We\nsuggest concrete experiments that can possibly test our theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagrams for an ideal gas mixture of fermionic atoms and bosonic\n  molecules: We calculate the phase diagrams for a harmonically trapped ideal gas mixture\nof fermionic atoms and bosonic molecules in chemical and thermal equilibrium,\nwhere the internal energy of the molecules can be adjusted relative to that of\nthe atoms by use of a tunable Feshbach resonance. We plot the molecule fraction\nand the fraction of Bose-condensed molecules as functions of the temperature\nand internal molecular energy. We show the paths traversed in the phase\ndiagrams when the molecular energy is varied either suddenly or adiabatically.\nOur model calculation helps to interpret the {\\it{adiabatic}} phase diagrams\nobtained in recent experiments on the BEC-BCS crossover, in which the\ncondensate fraction is plotted as a function of the {\\it{initial}} temperature\nof the Fermi gas measured before a sweep of the magnetic field through the\nresonance region.",
        "positive": "Current fluctuations in a semi-infinite line: We present the application of a fluctuating hydrodynamic theory to study\ncurrent fluctuations in diffusive systems on a semi-infinite line in contact\nwith a reservoir with slow coupling. We show that the distribution of the\ntime-integrated current across the boundary at large times follows a large\ndeviation principle with a rate function that depends on the coupling strength\nwith the reservoir. The system exhibits a long-term memory of its initial\nstate, which was earlier reported on an infinite line and can be described\nusing quenched and annealed averages of the initial state. We present an\nexplicit expression of the rate function for independent particles, which we\nverify using an exact solution of the microscopic dynamics. For the symmetric\nsimple exclusion process, we present expressions for the first three cumulants\nof both quenched and annealed averages."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground State Entropy of the Potts Antiferromagnet on Cyclic Strip Graphs: We present exact calculations of the zero-temperature partition function\n(chromatic polynomial) and the (exponent of the) ground-state entropy $S_0$ for\nthe $q$-state Potts antiferromagnet on families of cyclic and twisted cyclic\n(M\\\"obius) strip graphs composed of $p$-sided polygons. Our results suggest a\ngeneral rule concerning the maximal region in the complex $q$ plane to which\none can analytically continue from the physical interval where $S_0 > 0$. The\nchromatic zeros and their accumulation set ${\\cal B}$ exhibit the rather\nunusual property of including support for $Re(q) < 0$ and provide further\nevidence for a relevant conjecture.",
        "positive": "Some remarks on a generalization of the superintegrable chiral Potts\n  model: The spontaneous magnetization of a two-dimensional lattice model can be\nexpressed in terms of the partition function $W$ of a system with fixed\nboundary spins and an extra weight dependent on the value of a particular\ncentral spin. For the superintegrable case of the chiral Potts model with\ncylindrical boundary conditions, W can be expressed in terms of reduced\nhamiltonians H and a central spin operator S. We conjectured in a previous\npaper that W can be written as a determinant, similar to that of the Ising\nmodel. Here we generalize this conjecture to any Hamiltonians that satisfy a\nmore general Onsager algebra, and give a conjecture for the elements of S."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ingredients for an efficient thermal diode: We provide convincing empirical evidence that long range interactions\nstrongly enhance the rectification effect which takes place in mass graded\nsystems. Even more importantly the rectification does not decrease with the\nincrease of the system size. Large rectification is obtained also for the equal\nmass case and with graded on-site potential. These results allow to overcome\ncurrent limitations of the rectification mechanism and open the way for a\nrealistic implementation of efficient thermal diodes.",
        "positive": "Collective Effects in the Horizontal Transport of Vertically Vibrated\n  Granular Layers: Motivated by recent advances in the investigation of fluctuation-driven\nratchets and flows in excited granular media, we have carried out experimental\nand simulational studies to explore the horizontal transport of granular\nparticles in a vertically vibrated system whose base has a sawtooth-shaped\nprofile. The resulting material flow exhibits novel collective behavior, both\nas a function of the number of layers of particles and the driving frequency;\nin particular, under certain conditions, increasing the layer thickness leads\nto a reversal of the current, while the onset of transport as a function of\nfrequency can occur either gradually or suddenly in a manner reminiscent of a\nphase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Self-Similarity of One-Dimensional Growth Processes: For one-dimensional growth processes we consider the distribution of the\nheight above a given point of the substrate and study its scale invariance in\nthe limit of large times. We argue that for self-similar growth from a single\nseed the universal distribution is the Tracy-Widom distribution from the theory\nof random matrices and that for growth from a flat substrate it is some other,\nonly numerically determined distribution. In particular, for the polynuclear\ngrowth model in the droplet geometry the height maps onto the longest\nincreasing subsequence of a random permutation, from which the height\ndistribution is identified as the Tracy-Widom distribution.",
        "positive": "Kinetic Density Functional Theory: A microscopic approach to fluid\n  mechanics: In the present paper we give a brief summary of some recent theoretical\nadvances in the treatment of inhomogeneous fluids and methods which have\napplications in the study of dynamical properties of liquids in situations of\nextreme confinement, such as nanopores, nanodevices, etc. The approach obtained\nby combining kinetic and density functional methods is microscopic, fully\nself-consistent and allows to determine both configurational and flow\nproperties of dense fluids.\n  The theory predicts the correct hydrodynamic behavior and provides a\npractical and numerical tool to determine how the transport properties are\nmodified when the length scales of the confining channels are comparable with\nthe size of the molecules. The applications range from the dynamics of simple\nfluids under confinement, to that of neutral binary mixtures and electrolytes\nwhere the theory in the limit of slow gradients reproduces the known\nphenomenological equations such as the Planck-Nernst-Poisson and the\nSmoluchowski equations. The approach here illustrated allows for fast numerical\nsolution of the evolution equations for the one-particle phase-space\ndistributions by means of the weighted density lattice Boltzmann method and is\nparticularly useful when one considers flows in complex geometries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Arbitrarily slow, non-quasistatic, isothermal transformations: For an overdamped colloidal particle diffusing in a fluid in a controllable,\nvirtual potential, we show that arbitrarily slow transformations, produced by\nsmooth deformations of a double-well potential, need not be reversible. The\narbitrarily slow transformations do need to be fast compared to the barrier\ncrossing time, but that time can be extremely long. We consider two types of\ncyclic, isothermal transformations of a double-well potential. Both start and\nend in the same equilibrium state, and both use the same basic operations---but\nin different order. By measuring the work for finite cycle times and\nextrapolating to infinite times, we found that one transformation required no\nwork, while the other required a finite amount of work, no matter how slowly it\nwas carried out. The difference traces back to the observation that when time\nis reversed, the two protocols have different outcomes, when carried out\narbitrarily slowly. A recently derived formula relating work production to the\nrelative entropy of forward and backward path probabilities predicts the\nobserved work average.",
        "positive": "Site Dilution in the Half-Filled One-Band Hubbard Model: Ring Exchange,\n  Charge Fluctuations and Application to La2Cu_{1-x}(Mg/Zn)_xO4: We study the ground state quantum spin fluctuations around the N\\'eel ordered\nstate for the one-band ($t,U$) Hubbard model on a site-diluted square lattice.\nAn effective spin Hamiltonian, $H_{\\rm s}^{(4)}$, is generated using the\ncanonical transformation method, expanding to order $t(t/U)^3$. $H_{\\rm\ns}^{(4)}$ contains four-spin ring exchange terms as well as second and third\nneighbor bilinear spin-spin interactions. Transverse spin fluctuations are\ncalculated to order $1/S$ using a numerical real space algorithm first\nintroduced by Walker and Walsteadt. Additional quantum charge fluctuations\nappear to this order in $t/U$, coming from electronic hopping and virtual\nexcitations to doubly occupied sites. The ground state staggered magnetization\non the percolating cluster decreases with site dilution $x$, vanishing very\nclose to the percolation threshold. We compare our results in the Heisenberg\nlimit, $t/U \\to 0$, with quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) results on the same model\nand confirm the existence of a systematic $x$-dependent difference between\n$1/S$ and QMC results away from $x=0$. For finite $t/U$, we show that the\neffects of both the ring exchange and charge fluctuations die away rapidly with\nincreasing $t/U$. We use our finite $t/U$ results to make a comparison with\nresults from experiments on La$_2$Cu$_{1-x}$(Mg/Zn)$_x$O$_4$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous diffusive behavior of a harmonic oscillator driven by a\n  Mittag-Leffler noise: The diffusive behavior of a harmonic oscillator driven by a Mittag-Leffler\nnoise is studied. Using Laplace analysis we derive exact expressions for the\nrelaxation functions of the particle in terms of generalized Mittag-Leffler\nfunctions and its derivatives from a generalized Langevin equation. Our results\nshow that the oscillator displays an anomalous diffusive behavior. In the\nstrictly asymptotic limit, the dynamics of the harmonic oscillator corresponds\nto an oscillator driven by a noise with a pure power-law autocorrelation\nfunction. However, at short and intermediate times the dynamics has qualitative\ndifference due to the presence of the characteristic time of the noise.",
        "positive": "Statistics of the work done by splitting a one-dimensional\n  quasi-condensate: Motivated by experiments on splitting one-dimensional quasi-condensates, we\nstudy the statistics of the work done by a quantum quench in a bosonic system.\nWe discuss the general features of the probability distribution of the work and\nfocus on its behaviour at the lowest energy threshold, which develops an edge\nsingularity. A formal connection between this probability distribution and the\ncritical Casimir effect in thin classical films shows that certain features of\nthe edge singularity are universal as the post-quench gap tends to zero. Our\nresults are quantitatively illustrated by an exact calculation for\nnon-interacting bosonic systems. The effects of finite system size,\ndimensionality, and non-zero initial temperature are discussed in detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics and energy landscape in a tetrahedral network glass-former:\n  Direct comparison with models of fragile liquids: We report Molecular Dynamics simulations for a new model of tetrahedral\nnetwork glass-former, based on short-range, spherical potentials. Despite the\nsimplicity of the forcefield employed, our model reproduces some essential\nphysical properties of silica, an archetypal network-forming material.\nStructural and dynamical properties, including dynamic heterogeneities and the\nnature of local rearrangements, are investigated in detail and a direct\ncomparison with models of close-packed, fragile glass-formers is performed. The\noutcome of this comparison is rationalized in terms of the properties of the\nPotential Energy Surface, focusing on the unstable modes of the stationary\npoints. Our results indicate that the weak degree of dynamic heterogeneity\nobserved in network glass-formers may be attributed to an excess of localized\nunstable modes, associated to elementary dynamical events such as bond breaking\nand reformation. On the contrary, the more fragile Lennard-Jones mixtures are\ncharacterized by a larger fraction of extended unstable modes, which lead to a\nmore cooperative and heterogeneous dynamics.",
        "positive": "Statistical Mechanics of finite arrays of coupled bistable elements: We discuss the equilibrium of a single collective variable characterizing a\nfinite set of coupled, noisy, bistable systems as the noise strength, the size\nand the coupling parameter are varied. We identify distinct regions in\nparameter space. The results obtained in prior works in the asymptotic infinite\nsize limit are significantly different from the finite size results. A\nprocedure to construct approximate 1-dimensional Langevin equation is adopted.\nThis equation provides a useful tool to understand the collective behavior even\nin the presence of an external driving force."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work extremum principle: Structure and function of quantum heat engines: We consider a class of quantum heat engines consisting of two subsystems\ninteracting via a unitary transformation and coupled to two separate baths at\ndifferent temperatures $T_h > T_c$. The purpose of the engine is to extract\nwork due to the temperature difference. Its dynamics is not restricted to the\nnear equilibrium regime. The engine structure is determined by maximizing the\nextracted work under various constraints. When this maximization is carried out\nat finite power, the engine dynamics is described by well-defined temperatures\nand satisfies the local version of the second law. In addition, its efficiency\nis bounded from below by the Curzon-Ahlborn value $1-\\sqrt{T_c/T_h}$ and from\nabove by the Carnot value $1-(T_c/T_h)$. The latter is reached|at finite\npower|for a macroscopic engine, while the former is achieved in the equilibrium\nlimit $T_h\\to T_c$. When the work is maximized at a zero power, even a small\n(few-level) engine extracts work right at the Carnot efficiency.",
        "positive": "Dynamical systems and computable information: We present some new results which relate information to chaotic dynamics. In\nour approach the quantity of information is measured by the Algorithmic\nInformation Content (Kolmogorov complexity) or by a sort of computable version\nof it (Computable Information Content) in which the information is measured by\nthe use of a suitable universal data compression algorithm. We apply these\nnotions to the study of dynamical systems by considering the asymptotic\nbehavior of the quantity of information necessary to describe their orbits.\nWhen a system is ergodic, this method provides an indicator which equals the\nKolmogorov-Sinai entropy almost everywhere. Moreover, if the entropy is 0, our\nmethod gives new indicators which measure the unpredictability of the system\nand allows to classify various kind of weak chaos. Actually this is the main\nmotivation of this work. The behaviour of a zero entropy dynamical system is\nfar to be completely predictable exept that in particular cases. In fact there\nare 0 entropy systems which exibit a sort of {\\it weak chaos} where the\ninformation necessary to describe the orbit behavior increases with time more\nthan logarithmically (periodic case) even if less than linearly (positive\nentropy case). Also, we believe that the above method is useful for the\nclassification of zero entropy time series. To support this point of view, we\nshow some theoretical and experimenthal results in specific cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic renormalization group study of a generalized continuum model of\n  crystalline surfaces: We apply the Nozieres-Gallet dynamic renormalization group (RG) scheme to a\ncontinuum equilibrium model of a d-dimensional surface relaxing by linear\nsurface tension and linear surface diffusion, and which is subject to a lattice\npotential favoring discrete values of the height variable. The model thus\ninterpolates between the overdamped sine-Gordon model and a related continuum\nmodel of crystalline tensionless surfaces. The RG flow predicts the existence\nof an equilibrium roughening transition only for d = 2 dimensional surfaces,\nbetween a flat low-temperature phase and a rough high-temperature phase in the\nEdwards-Wilkinson (EW) universality class. The surface is always in the flat\nphase for any other substrate dimensions d > 2. For any value of d, the linear\nsurface diffusion mechanism is an irrelevant perturbation of the linear surface\ntension mechanism, but may induce long crossovers within which the scaling\nproperties of the linear molecular-beam epitaxy equation are observed, thus\nincreasing the value of the sine-Gordon roughening temperature. This phenomenon\noriginates in the non-linear lattice potential, and is seen to occur even in\nthe absence of a bare surface tension term. An important consequence of this is\nthat a crystalline tensionless surface is asymptotically described at high\ntemperatures by the EW universality class.",
        "positive": "Mathematical structure derived from the q-multinomial coefficient in\n  Tsallis statistics: We present the conclusive mathematical structure behind Tsallis statistics.\nWe obtain mainly the following five theoretical results: (i) the one-to-one\ncorrespondence between the q-multinomial coefficient and Tsallis entropy, (ii)\nsymmetry behind Tsallis statistics, (iii) the numerical computations revealing\nthe existence of the central limit theorem in Tsallis statistics, (iv) Pascal's\ntriangle in Tsallis statistics and its properties, (v) the self-similarity of\nthe q-product $\\otimes_{q}$ leading to successful applications in Tsallis\nstatistics. In particular, the third result (iii) provides us with a\nmathematical representation of a convincible answer to the physical problem:\n\"Why so many power-law behaviors exist in nature universally ?\""
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-Size Scaling in the transverse Ising Model on a Square Lattice: Energy eigenvalues and order parameters are calculated by exact\ndiagonalization for the transverse Ising model on square lattices of up to 6x6\nsites. Finite-size scaling is used to estimate the critical parameters of the\nmodel, confirming universality with the three-dimensional classical Ising\nmodel. Critical amplitudes are also estimated for both the energy gap and the\nground-state energy.",
        "positive": "Renormalization Group: Applications in Statistical Physics: These notes provide a concise introduction to important applications of the\nrenormalization group (RG) in statistical physics. After reviewing the scaling\napproach and Ginzburg-Landau theory for critical phenomena, Wilson's momentum\nshell RG method is presented, and the critical exponents for the scalar Phi^4\nmodel are determined to first order in an eps expansion about d_c = 4.\nSubsequently, the technically more versatile field-theoretic formulation of the\nperturbational RG for static critical phenomena is described. It is explained\nhow the emergence of scale invariance connects UV divergences to IR\nsingularities, and the RG equation is employed to compute the critical\nexponents for the O(n)-symmetric Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory. The second part\nis devoted to field theory representations of non-linear stochastic dynamical\nsystems, and the application of RG tools to critical dynamics. Dynamic critical\nphenomena in systems near equilibrium are efficiently captured through Langevin\nequations, and their mapping onto the Janssen-De Dominicis response functional,\nexemplified by the purely relaxational models with non-conserved (model A) /\nconserved order parameter (model B). The Langevin description and scaling\nexponents for isotropic ferromagnets (model J) and for driven diffusive\nnon-equilibrium systems are also discussed. Finally, an outlook is presented to\nscale-invariant phenomena and non-equilibrium phase transitions in interacting\nparticle systems. It is shown how the stochastic master equation associated\nwith chemical reactions or population dynamics models can be mapped onto\nimaginary-time, non-Hermitian `quantum' mechanics. In the continuum limit, this\nDoi-Peliti Hamiltonian is represented through a coherent-state path integral,\nwhich allows an RG analysis of diffusion-limited annihilation processes and\nphase transitions from active to inactive, absorbing states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A single defect approximation for localized states on random lattices: Geometrical disorder is present in many physical situations giving rise to\neigenvalue problems. The simplest case of diffusion on a random lattice with\nfluctuating site connectivities is studied analytically and by exact numerical\ndiagonalizations. Localization of eigenmodes is shown to be induced by\ngeometrical defects, that is sites with abnormally low or large connectivities.\nWe expose a ``single defect approximation'' (SDA) scheme founded on this\nmechanism that provides an accurate quantitative description of both extended\nand localized regions of the spectrum. We then present a systematic\ndiagrammatic expansion allowing to use SDA for finite-dimensional problems,\ne.g. to determine the localized harmonic modes of amorphous media.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo computer investigations of higher generation ideal\n  dendrimers: The properties of ideal tri-functional dendrimers with forty-five,\nninety-three and one hundred and eighty-nine branches are investigated. Three\nmethods are employed to calculate the mean-square radius of gyration,\n$g$-ratios, asphericity, shape parameters and form factor. These methods\ninclude a Kirchhoff matrix eigenvalue technique, the graph theory approach of\nBenhamou et al. (2004), and Monte Carlo simulations using a growth algorithm. A\nnovel technique for counting paths in the graph representation of the\ndendrimers is presented. All the methods are in excellent agreement with each\nother and with available theoretical predictions. Dendrimers become more\nsymmetrical as the generation and the number of branches increase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ten reasons why a thermalized system cannot be described by a\n  many-particle wave function: It is widely believed that the underlying reality behind statistical\nmechanics is a deterministic and unitary time evolution of a many-particle wave\nfunction, even though this is in conflict with the irreversible, stochastic\nnature of statistical mechanics. The usual attempts to resolve this conflict\nfor instance by appealing to decoherence or eigenstate thermalization are\nriddled with problems. This paper considers theoretical physics of thermalized\nsystems as it is done in practise and shows that all approaches to thermalized\nsystems presuppose in some form limits to linear superposition and\ndeterministic time evolution. These considerations include, among others, the\nclassical limit, extensivity, the concepts of entropy and equilibrium, and\nsymmetry breaking in phase transitions and quantum measurement. As a\nconclusion, the paper argues that the irreversibility and stochasticity of\nstatistical mechanics should be taken as a true property of nature. It follows\nthat a gas of a macroscopic number $N$ of atoms in thermal equilibrium is best\nrepresented by a collection of $N$ wave packets of a size of the order of the\nthermal de Broglie wave length, which behave quantum mechanically below this\nscale but classically sufficiently far beyond this scale. In particular, these\nwave packets must localize again after scattering events, which requires\nstochasticity and indicates a connection to the measurement process.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear Integral Equations for Thermodynamics of the\n  U_{q}(\\hat{sl(r+1)}) Perk-Schultz Model: We propose a system of nonlinear integral equations (NLIE) which describes\nthe thermodynamics of the U_{q}(\\hat{sl(r+1)}) Perk-Schultz model. These NLIE\ncorrespond to a trigonometric analogue of our previous result\n(cond-mat/0212280), and contain only r unknown functions. In particular, they\nreduce to Takahashi's NLIE for the XXZ spin chain (cond-mat/0010486) if r=1. We\nalso calculate the high temperature expansion of the free energy. In particular\nfor r=1 case, we have succeeded to derive the coefficients of order\nO((\\frac{J}{T})^{99})."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to the comment on: \"Thermostatistics of Overdamped Motion of\n  Interacting Particles\" [arXiv:1104.0697] by Y. Levin and R. Pakter: We show that the comment [arXiv:1104.0697] by Levin and Pakter on our work\n[arXiv:1008.1421] is conceptually unfounded, contains misleading\ninterpretations, and is based on results of questionable applicability. We\ninitially provide arguments to evince that, inexplicably, these authors simply\nchoose to categorically dismiss our elaborated and solid conceptual approach,\nresults and analysis, without employing any fundamental concepts or tools from\nStatistical Physics. We then demonstrate that the results of Levin and Pakter\ndo not present any evidence against, but rather corroborates, our conclusions.\nIn fact, the results shown in their comment correspond to a confining potential\nthat is 1000 times stronger than the typical valued utilized in our study,\ntherefore explaining the discrepancy between their results and ours.\nFurthermore, in this regime where higher vortex densities are involved, vortex\ncores might get so close to each other that can no longer be treated as\npoint-like defects. As a consequence, Ginzburg-Landau equations should be\nemployed instead, meaning that the physical conditions implied by the results\nof Levin and Pakter should be considered with caution in the context of the\nPhysics of interacting superconducting vortexes.",
        "positive": "Entanglement transition from variable-strength weak measurements: We show that weak measurements can induce a quantum phase transition of\ninteracting many-body systems from an ergodic thermal phase with a large\nentropy to a nonergodic localized phase with a small entropy, but only if the\nmeasurement strength exceeds a critical value. We demonstrate this effect for a\none-dimensional quantum circuit evolving under random unitary transformations\nand generic positive operator-valued measurements of variable strength. As\nopposed to projective measurements describing a restricted class of open\nsystems, the measuring device is modeled as a continuous Gaussian probe,\ncapturing a large class of environments. By employing data collapse and\nstudying the enhanced fluctuations at the transition, we obtain a consistent\nphase boundary in the space of the measurement strength and the measurement\nprobability, clearly demonstrating a critical value of the measurement strength\nbelow which the system is always ergodic, irrespective of the measurement\nprobability. These findings provide guidance for quantum engineering of\nmany-body systems by controlling their environment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic Phase Transition in a Time-Dependent Ginzburg-Landau Model in an\n  Oscillating Field: The Ginzburg-Landau model below its critical temperature in a temporally\noscillating external field is studied both theoretically and numerically. As\nthe frequency or the amplitude of the external force is changed, a\nnonequilibrium phase transition is observed. This transition separates\nspatially uniform, symmetry-restoring oscillations from symmetry-breaking\noscillations. Near the transition a perturbation theory is developed, and a\nswitching phenomenon is found in the symmetry-broken phase. Our results confirm\nthe equivalence of the present transition to that found in Monte Carlo\nsimulations of kinetic Ising systems in oscillating fields, demonstrating that\nthe nonequilibrium phase transition in both cases belongs to the universality\nclass of the equilibrium Ising model in zero field. This conclusion is in\nagreement with symmetry arguments [G. Grinstein, C. Jayaprakash, and Y. He,\nPhys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2527 (1985)] and recent numerical results [G. Korniss,\nC.J. White, P. A. Rikvold, and M. A. Novotny, Phys. Rev. E (submitted)].\nFurthermore, a theoretical result for the structure function of the local\nmagnetization with thermal noise, based on the Ornstein-Zernike approximation,\nagrees well with numerical results in one dimension.",
        "positive": "Convergence of Stochastic Approximation Monte Carlo and modified\n  Wang-Landau algorithms: Tests for the Ising model: We investigate the behavior of the deviation of the estimator for the density\nof states (DOS) with respect to the exact solution in the course of Wang-Landau\nand Stochastic Approximation Monte Carlo (SAMC) simulations of the\ntwo-dimensional Ising model. We find that the deviation saturates in the\nWang-Landau case. This can be cured by adjusting the refinement scheme. To this\nend, the 1/t-modification of the Wang-Landau algorithm has been suggested. A\nsimilar choice of refinement scheme is employed in the SAMC algorithm. The\nconvergence behavior of all three algorithms is examined. It turns out that the\nconvergence of the SAMC algorithm is very sensitive to the onset of the\nrefinement. Finally, the internal energy and specific heat of the Ising model\nare calculated from the SAMC DOS and compared to exact values."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Autocorrelations in the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process and\n  Nagel-Schreckenberg model: We study via Monte Carlo simulation the dynamics of the Nagel-Schreckenberg\nmodel on a finite system of length L with open boundary conditions and parallel\nupdates. We find numerically that in both the high and low density regimes the\nautocorrelation function of the system density behaves like 1-|t|/tau with a\nfinite support [-tau,tau]. This is in contrast to the usual exponential decay\ntypical of equilibrium systems. Furthermore, our results suggest that in fact\ntau=L/c, and in the special case of maximum velocity 1 (corresponding to the\ntotally asymmetric simple exclusion process) we can identify the exact\ndependence of c on the input, output and hopping rates. We also emphasize that\nthe parameter tau corresponds to the integrated autocorrelation time, which\nplays a fundamental role in quantifying the statistical errors in Monte Carlo\nsimulations of these models.",
        "positive": "Generalized Gibbs ensemble of the Ablowitz-Ladik lattice, Circular\n  $\u03b2$-ensemble and double confluent Heun equation: We consider the discrete defocusing nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger equation in its\nintegrable version, which is called defocusing Ablowitz-Ladik lattice. We\nconsider periodic boundary conditions with period $N$ and initial data sample\naccording to the Generalized Gibbs ensemble. In this setting, the Lax matrix of\nthe Ablowitz-Ladik lattice is a random CMV-periodic matrix and it is related to\nthe Killip-Nenciu Circular $\\beta$-ensemble at high-temperature. We obtain the\ngeneralized free energy of the Ablowitz-Ladik lattice and the density of states\nof the random Lax matrix by establishing a mapping to the one-dimensional\nlog-gas. For the Gibbs measure related to the Hamiltonian of the Ablowitz-Ladik\nflow, we obtain the density of states via a particular solution of the\ndouble-confluent Heun equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Degree Dispersion Increases the Rate of Rare Events in Population\n  Networks: There is great interest in predicting rare and extreme events in complex\nsystems, and in particular, understanding the role of network topology in\nfacilitating such events. In this work, we show that degree dispersion -- the\nfact that the number of local connections in networks varies broadly --\nincreases the probability of large, rare fluctuations in population networks\ngenerically. We perform explicit calculations for two canonical and distinct\nclasses of rare events: network extinction and switching. When the distance to\nthreshold is held constant, and hence stochastic effects are fairly compared\namong networks, we show that there is a universal, exponential increase in the\nrate of rare events proportional to the variance of a network's degree\ndistribution over its mean squared.",
        "positive": "Confined run and tumble particles with non-Markovian tumbling statistics: Confined active particles constitute simple, yet realistic, examples of\nsystems that converge into a non-equilibrium steady state. We investigate a\nrun-and-tumble particle in one spatial dimension, trapped by an external\npotential, with a given distribution $g(t)$ of waiting times between tumbling\nevents whose mean value is equal to $\\tau$. Unless $g(t)$ is an exponential\ndistribution (corresponding to a constant tumbling rate), the process is\nnon-Markovian, which makes the analysis of the model particularly challenging.\nWe use an analytical framework involving effective position-dependent tumbling\nrates, to develop a numerical method that yields the full steady-state\ndistribution (SSD). The method is very efficient and requires modest computing\nresources, including in the large-deviations and/or small-$\\tau$ regime, where\nthe SSD can be related to the the large-deviation function, $s(x)$, via the\nscaling relation $P_{{\\rm\n  st}}(x)\\sim e^{-s\\left(x\\right)/\\tau}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How dense can one pack spheres of arbitrary size distribution?: We present the first systematic algorithm to estimate the maximum packing\ndensity of spheres when the grain sizes are drawn from an arbitrary size\ndistribution. With an Apollonian filling rule, we implement our technique for\ndisks in 2d and spheres in 3d. As expected, the densest packing is achieved\nwith power-law size distributions. We also test the method on homogeneous and\non empirical real distributions, and we propose a scheme to obtain\nexperimentally accessible distributions of grain sizes with low porosity. Our\nmethod should be helpful in the development of ultra-strong ceramics and high\nperformance concrete.",
        "positive": "Magnetic Properties of Two-dimensional Nanodots: Ground State and Phase\n  Transition: We study the effect of perpendicular single-ion anisotropy,\n$-As_{\\text{z}}^2$, on the ground-state structure and finite-temperature\nproperties of a two-dimensional magnetic nanodot in presence of a dipolar\ninteraction of strength $D$. By a simulated annealing Monte Carlo method, we\nshow that in the ground state a vortex core perpendicular to the nanodot plane\nemerges already in the range of moderate anisotropy values above a certain\nthreshold level. In the giant-anisotropy regime the vortex structure is\nsuperseded by a stripe domain structure with stripes of alternate domains\nperpendicular to the surface of the sample. We have also observed an\nintermediate stage between the vortex and stripe structures, with satellite\nregions of tilted nonzero perpendicular magnetization around the core. At\nfinite temperatures, at small $A$, we show by Monte Carlo simulations that\nthere is a transition from the the in-plane vortex phase to the disordered\nphase characterized by a peak in the specific heat and the vanishing vortex\norder parameter. At stronger $A$, we observe a discontinuous transition with a\nlarge latent heat from the in-plane vortex phase to perpendicular stripe\nordering phase before a total disordering at higher temperatures. In the regime\nof perpendicular stripe domains, namely with giant $A$, there is no phase\ntransition at finite $T$: the stripe domains are progressively disordered with\nincreasing $T$. Finite-size effects are shown and discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The high-temperature expansion of the classical Ising model with S_z^2\n  term: We derive the high-temperature expansion of the Helmholtz free energy up to\nthe order \\beta^{17} of the one-dimensional spin-S Ising model, with single-ion\nanisotropy term, in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field. We show that\nthe values of some thermodynamical functions for the ferromagnetic models, in\nthe presence of a weak magnetic field, are not small corrections to their\nvalues with h=0. This model with S=3 was applied by Kishine et al. [J.-i.\nKishine et al., Phys. Rev. B, 2006, 74, 224419] to analyze experimental data of\nthe single-chain magnet [Mn (saltmen)]_2 [Ni(pac)_2 (py)_2] (PF_6)_2 for T<40\nK. We show that for T<35 K the thermodynamic functions of the large-spin limit\nmodel are poor approximations to their analogous spin-3 functions.",
        "positive": "Fast collective oscillations and clustering phenomena in an\n  antiferromagnetic mean-field model: We study the out-of-equilibrium properties of the antiferromagnetic\nHamiltonian Mean-Field model at low energy. In this regime, the Hamiltonian\ndynamics exhibits the presence of a stationary state where the rotators are\ngathered in a bicluster. This state is not predicted by equilibrium statistical\nmechanics in the microcanonical ensemble. Performing a low kinetic energy\napproximation, we derive the explicit expression of the magnetization vector as\na function of time. We find that the latter displays coherent oscillations, and\nwe show numerically that the probability distribution for its phase is bimodal\nor quadrimodal. We then look at the individual rotator dynamics as a motion in\nan external time-dependent potential, given by the magnetization. This dynamics\nexhibits two distinct time scales, with the fast one associated to the\noscillations of the global magnetization vector. Performing an average over the\nfast oscillations, we derive an expression for the effective force acting on\nthe individual rotator. This force is always bimodal, and determines a low\nfrequency oscillation of the rotators. Our approach leads to a self-consistent\ntheory linking the time-dependence of the magnetization to the motion of the\nrotators, providing a heuristic explanation for the formation of the bicluster."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Behaviors in Fractional Fokker-Planck Equation: We introduce a fractional Fokker-Planck equation with a temporal power-law\ndependence on the drift force fields. For this case, the moments of the tracer\nfrom the force-force correlation in terms of the time-dependent drift force\nfields are discussed analytically. The long-time asymptotic behavior of the\nsecond moment is determined by the scaling exponent $\\xi$ imposed by the drift\nforce fields. In the special case of the space scaling value $\\nu=1$ and the\ntime scaling value $\\tau=1$, our result can be classified according to the\ntemporal scaling of the mean second moment of the tracer for large $t$: $<\n\\bar{x^2(t)} >$ $\\propto$ $t$ with $\\xi={1/4}$ for normal diffusion, and $<\n\\bar{x^2(t)} >$ $\\propto$ $t^{\\eta}$ with $\\eta>1$ and $\\xi>{1/4}$ for\nsuperdiffusion.",
        "positive": "Superluminal moving defects in the Ising spin chain: Quantum excitations in lattice systems always propagate at a finite maximum\nvelocity. We probe this mechanism by considering a defect travelling at a\nconstant velocity in the quantum Ising spin chain in transverse field.\nIndependently of the microscopic details of the defect, we characterize the\nexpectation value of local observables at large times and large distances from\nthe impurity, where a Local Quasi Stationary State (LQSS) emerges. The LQSS is\nstrongly affected by the defect velocity: for superluminal defects, it exhibits\na growing region where translational invariance is spontaneously restored. We\nalso analyze the behavior of the friction force exerted by the many-body system\non the moving defect, which reflects the energy required by the LQSS formation.\nExact results are provided in the two limits of extremely narrow and very\nsmooth impurity. Possible extensions to more general free-fermion models and\ninteracting systems are discussed"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Subharmonic oscillations in stochastic systems under periodic driving: Subharmonic response is a well known phenomena in, e.g., deterministic\nnonlinear dynamical systems. We investigate the conditions under which such\nsubharmonic oscillations can persist for a long time in open systems with\nstochastic dynamics due to thermal fluctuations. In contrast to stochastic\nautonomous systems in a stationary state, for which the number of coherent\noscillations is fundamentally bounded by the number of states in the underlying\nnetwork, we demonstrate that in periodically driven systems, subharmonic\noscillations can, in principle, remain coherent forever, even in networks with\na small number of states. We also show that, {\\sl inter alia}, the\nthermodynamic cost rises only logarithmically with the number of coherent\noscillations in a model calculation and that the possible periods of the\npersistent subharmonic response grow linearly with the number of states. We\nargue that our results can be relevant for biochemical oscillations and for\nstochastic models of time-crystals.",
        "positive": "Critical behavior of vector models with cubic symmetry: We report on some results concerning the effects of cubic anisotropy and\nquenched uncorrelated impurities on multicomponent spin models. The analysis of\nthe six-loop three-dimensional series provides an accurate description of the\nrenormalization-group flow."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Verification of the Quantum Nonequilibrium Work Relation in the Presence\n  of Decoherence: Although nonequilibrium work and fluctuation relations have been studied in\ndetail within classical statistical physics, extending these results to open\nquantum systems has proven to be conceptually difficult. For systems that\nundergo decoherence but not dissipation, we argue that it is natural to define\nquantum work exactly as for isolated quantum systems, using the two-point\nmeasurement protocol. Complementing previous theoretical analysis using quantum\nchannels, we show that the nonequilibrium work relation remains valid in this\nsituation, and we test this assertion experimentally using a system engineered\nfrom an optically trapped ion. Our experimental results reveal the work\nrelation's validity over a variety of driving speeds, decoherence rates, and\neffective temperatures and represent the first confirmation of the work\nrelation for non-unitary dynamics.",
        "positive": "The additivity of the pseudo-additive conditional entropy for a proper\n  Tsallis' entropic index: For Tsallis' entropic analysis to the time evolutions of standard logistic\nmap at the Feigenbaum critical point, it is known that there exists a unique\nvalue $q^*$ of the entropic index such that the asymptotic rate $K_q \\equiv\n\\lim_{t \\to \\infty} \\{S_q(t)-S_q(0)\\} / t$ of increase in $S_q(t)$ remains\nfinite whereas $K_q$ vanishes (diverges) for $q > q^* (q < q^*)$. We show that\nin spite of the associated whole time evolution cannot be factorized into a\nproduct of independent sub-interval time evolutions, the pseudo-additive\nconditional entropy $S_q(t|0) \\equiv \\{S_q(t)-S_q(0)\\}/ \\{1+(1-q)S_q(0)\\}$\nbecomes additive when $q=q^*$. The connection between $K_{q^*}$ and the rate\n$K'_{q^*} \\equiv S_{q^*}(t | 0) / t$ of increase in the conditional entropy is\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropic Forces in Binary Hard Sphere Mixtures: Theory and Simulation: We perform extensive Monte Carlo simulations of binary hard-sphere mixtures\n(with diameter ratios of 5 and 10), to determine the entropic force between (1)\na macrosphere and a hard wall, and (2) a pair of macrospheres. The microsphere\nbackground fluid (at volume fractions ranging from 0.1 to 0.34) induces an\nentropic force on the macrosphere(s); the latter component is at infinite\ndilution. We find good overall agreement, in both cases, with the predictions\nof an HNC-based theory for the entropic force. Our results also argue for the\nvalidity of the Derjaguin approximation relating the force between convex\nbodies to that between planar surfaces. The earlier Asakura-Oosawa theory,\nbased on a simple geometric argument, is only accurate in the low-density\nlimit.",
        "positive": "Spectra of sparse non-Hermitian random matrices: an analytical solution: We present the exact analytical expression for the spectrum of a sparse\nnon-Hermitian random matrix ensemble, generalizing two classical results in\nrandom-matrix theory: this analytical expression forms a non-Hermitian version\nof the Kesten-Mckay law as well as a sparse realization of Girko's elliptic\nlaw. Our exact result opens new perspectives in the study of several physical\nproblems modelled on sparse random graphs. In this context, we show\nanalytically that the convergence rate of a transport process on a very sparse\ngraph depends upon the degree of symmetry of the edges in a non-monotonous way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Parameter free scaling relation for nonequilibrium growth processes: We discuss a parameter free scaling relation that yields a complete data\ncollapse for large classes of nonequilibrium growth processes. We illustrate\nthe power of this new scaling relation through various growth models, as for\nexample the competitive growth model RD/RDSR (random deposition/random\ndeposition with surface diffusion) and the RSOS (restricted solid-on-solid)\nmodel with different nearest-neighbor height differences, as well as through a\nnew deposition model with temperature dependent diffusion. The new scaling\nrelation is compared to the familiar Family-Vicsek relation and the limitations\nof the latter are highlighted.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium current cumulants and moments with a point-like defect: We derive the exact n-point current expectation values in the\nLandauer-Buttiker non-equilibrium steady state of a multi terminal system with\nstar graph geometry and a point-like defect localised in the vertex. The\ncurrent cumulants are extracted from the connected correlation functions and\nthe cumulant generating function is established. We determine the moments, show\nthat the associated moment problem has a unique solution and reconstruct\nexplicitly the corresponding probability distribution. The basic building\nblocks of this distribution are the probabilities of particle emission and\nabsorption from the heat reservoirs, driving the system away from equilibrium.\nWe derive and analyse in detail these probabilities, showing that they fully\ndescribe the quantum transport problem in the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low-Temperature Properties of Ising Antiferromagnet on a Stacked\n  Triangular Lattice: An Ising antiferromagnet on a stacked triangular lattice in zero field is\nstudied by Monte Carlo simulations, focusing on the character of the\nlow-temperature phase and the effect of the relative strength of the exchange\ninteraction in the stacking direction {\\alpha}. Our results support the\npresence of the 3D Wannier phase, with the sublattice magnetization structure\n(m, -m, 0) and power-law decaying m with the lattice size. The extent of this\nlow-temperature phase shrinks with decreasing {\\alpha}, however, it appears\neven at very low values if it is accessed from higher temperatures by\nsufficiently slow cooling.",
        "positive": "Investigation of the annealed disordered Ising systems within two-tail\n  approximation: In the present paper an approach for investigation of the disordered\ntwo-component Ising systems with long range interaction has been suggested.\nPossible applications to metalic and magnetic alloys and lattice gas are\nconsidered. We have also obtained numerical results for thermodynamical\nproperties of these models. The comparison of numerical results obtained within\nmean field, gaussian field and two-tail approximations are carried out."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collisional relaxation in a fermionic gas: We propose a method to study the degeneracy of a trapped atomic gas of\nfermions through the relaxation of the motion of a test particle. In the\ndegenerate regime, and for an energy of the test particle well below the Fermi\nenergy, we show that the Fermi-Dirac statistics is responsible for a strong\ndecrease of the relaxation rate. This method can be used to directly measure\nthe temperature of the fermionic gas.",
        "positive": "An asymptotic formula for marginal running coupling constants and\n  universality of loglog corrections: Given a two-loop beta function for multiple marginal coupling constants, we\nderive an asymptotic formula for the running coupling constants driven to an\ninfrared fixed point. It can play an important role in universal loglog\ncorrections to physical quantities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Landau-Khalatnikov two-fluid hydrodynamics of a trapped Bose gas: Starting from the quantum kinetic equation for the non-condensate atoms and\nthe generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the condensate, we derive the\ntwo-fluid hydrodynamic equations of a trapped Bose gas at finite temperatures.\nWe follow the standard Chapman-Enskog procedure, starting from a solution of\nthe kinetic equation corresponding to the complete local equilibrium between\nthe condensate and the non-condensate components. Our hydrodynamic equations\nare shown to reduce to a form identical to the well-known Landau-Khalatnikov\ntwo-fluid equations, with hydrodynamic damping due to the deviation from local\nequilibrium. The deviation from local equilibrium within the thermal cloud\ngives rise to dissipation associated with shear viscosity and thermal\nconduction. In addition, we show that effects due to the deviation from the\ndiffusive local equilibrium between the condensate and the non-condensate\n(recently considered by Zaremba, Nikuni and Griffin) can be described by four\nfrequency-dependent second viscosity transport coefficients. We also derive\nexplicit formulas for all the transport coefficients. These results are used to\nintroduce two new characteristic relaxation times associated with hydrodynamic\ndamping. These relaxation times give the rate at which local equilibrium is\nreached and hence determine whether one is in the two-fluid hydrodynamic\nregion.",
        "positive": "On the rooted Tutte polynomial: The Tutte polynomial is a generalization of the chromatic polynomial of graph\ncolorings. Here we present an extension called the rooted Tutte polynomial,\nwhich is defined on a graph where one or more vertices are colored with\nprescribed colors. We establish a number of results pertaining to the rooted\nTutte polynomial, including a duality relation in the case that all roots\nreside around a single face of a planar graph. The connection with the Potts\nmodel is also reviewed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Humble Origins of the Brownian Entropic Force: Recognition that certain forces arising from the averaging of the multiple\nimpacts of a solute particle by the surrounding solvent particles undergoing\nrandom thermal motion can be of an entropic nature has led to the incorporation\nof these forces and their related entropies into theoretical protocols ranging\nfrom molecular-dynamics simulations to the modeling of quarkonium suppression\nin particle physics. Here we present a rigorous derivation of this Brownian\nentropic force by means of the classical Gibbs canonical partition function and\nin so doing provide a heuristic demonstration of its kinetic origin.",
        "positive": "Special Microscopic-states-basis Formulation of Macroscopic Structure\n  for Thermodynamic Systems: For classical system under constant composition, macroscopic structure in\nthermodynamically equilibrium state can be determined through the so-called\ncanonical average, including sum over possible microscopic states on phase\nspace. Although a set of microscopic structure dominantly contributing to\nequilibrium properties should depend on temperature and many-body interactions,\nwe recently clarify that at high temperature, they are universally\ncharacterized by a single special microscopic state (which we call projection\nstate: PS), whose structure can be known a priori without any thermodynamic\ninformation. Here we extend this approach to find additional special\nmicroscopic states, enabling us to characterize equilibrium structures for\nlower-temperature region above transition temperature. The concept of our\napproach will lead to a new paradigm; the formulation of macroscopic properties\nby special microscopic states basis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complex systems under stochastic dynamics: A stochastic dynamics framework for the study of complex systems is\npresented.",
        "positive": "Universal behavior of coupled order parameters below three dimensions: We explore universal critical behavior in models with two competing order\nparameters, and an O(N)+O(M) symmetry for dimensions $d \\leq 3$. In d=3, there\nis always exactly one stable Renormalization Group fixed point, corresponding\nto bicritical or tetracritical behavior. Employing novel, pseudo-spectral\ntechniques to solve functional Renormalization Group equations in a\ntwo-dimensional field space, we uncover a more intricate structure of fixed\npoints in d<3, where two additional bicritical fixed points play a role.\nTowards d=2, we discover ranges of N=M with several simultaneously stable fixed\npoints, indicating the coexistence of several universality classes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relating absorbing and hard wall boundary conditions for active\n  particles: The connection between absorbing boundary conditions and hard walls is well\nestablished in the mathematical literature for a variety of stochastic models,\nincluding for instance the Brownian motion. In this paper we explore this\nduality for a different type of process which is of particular interest in\nphysics and biology, namely active particles. For a general model of an active\nparticle in one dimension, we provide a relation between the exit probability,\ni.e. the probability that the particle exits an interval from a given boundary\nbefore a certain time $t$, and the cumulative distribution of its position in\nthe presence of hard walls at the same time $t$. We illustrate this relation\nfor a run-and-tumble particle in the stationary state by explicitly computing\nboth quantities.",
        "positive": "Genus Distributions For Extended Matrix Models Of RNA: We construct and study an extended random matrix model of RNA (polymer)\nfolding. A perturbation which acts on all the nucleotides in the chain is added\nto the action of the RNA partition function. The effect of this perturbation on\nthe partition function and the Genus Distributions is studied. This\nperturbation distinguishes between the paired and unpaired bases. For example,\nfor $\\alpha = 1$ (where $\\alpha$ is the ratio of the strengths of the original\nand perturbed term in the action) the partition function and genus distribution\nfor odd lengths vanish completely. This partition function and the genus\ndistribution is non-zero for even lengths where structures with fully paired\nbases only remain. This implies that (i). the genus distributions are different\nand (ii). there is a ``structural transition'' (from an ``unpaired-paired base\nphase'' to a ``completely paired base phase'') as $\\alpha$ approaches 1 in the\nextended matrix models. We compare the results of the extended RNA model with\nthe results of G. Vernizzi, H. Orland and A. Zee in PRL 94, 168103(2005)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solving spin quantum-master equations with matrix continued-fraction\n  methods: application to superparamagnets: We implement continued-fraction techniques to solve exactly quantum master\nequations for a spin with arbitrary S coupled to a (bosonic) thermal bath. The\nfull spin density matrix is obtained, so that along with relaxation and\nthermoactivation, coherent dynamics is included (precession, tunnel, etc.). The\nmethod is applied to study isotropic spins and spins in a bistable anisotropy\npotential (superparamagnets). We present examples of static response, the\ndynamical susceptibility including the contribution of the different relaxation\nmodes, and of spin resonance in transverse fields.",
        "positive": "Quantum mechanical and information theoretic view on classical glass\n  transitions: Using the mapping of the Fokker-Planck description of classical stochastic\ndynamics onto a quantum Hamiltonian, we argue that a dynamical glass transition\nin the former must have a precise definition in terms of a quantum phase\ntransition in the latter. At the dynamical level, the transition corresponds to\na collapse of the excitation spectrum at a critical point. At the static level,\nthe transition affects the ground state wavefunction: while in some cases it\ncould be picked up by the expectation value of a local operator, in others the\norder may be non-local, and impossible to be determined with any local probe.\nHere we propose instead to use concepts from quantum information theory that\nare not centered around local order parameters, such as fidelity and\nentanglement measures. We show that for systems derived from the mapping of\nclassical stochastic dynamics, singularities in the fidelity susceptibility\ntranslate directly into singularities in the heat capacity of the classical\nsystem. In classical glassy systems with an extensive number of metastable\nstates, we find that the prefactor of the area law term in the entanglement\nentropy jumps across the transition. We also discuss how entanglement measures\ncan be used to detect a growing correlation length that diverges at the\ntransition. Finally, we illustrate how static order can be hidden in systems\nwith a macroscopically large number of degenerate equilibrium states by\nconstructing a three dimensional lattice gauge model with only short-range\ninteractions but with a finite temperature continuous phase transition into a\nmassively degenerate phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Escape process in systems characterised by stable noises and\n  position-dependent resting times: Stochastic systems characterised by a random driving in a form of the general\nstable noise are considered. The particle experiences long rests due to the\ntraps the density of which is position-dependent and obeys a power-law form\nattributed to the underlying self-similar structure. Both one and two\ndimensional case are analysed. The random walk description involves a\nposition-dependent waiting time distribution. On the other hand, the stochastic\ndynamics is formulated in terms of the subordination technique where the random\ntime generator is position-dependent. The first passage time problem is\naddressed by evaluating a first passage time density distribution and an escape\nrate. The influence of the medium nonhomogeneity on those quantities is\ndemonstrated; moreover, the dependence of the escape rate on the stability\nindex and the memory parameter is evaluated. Results indicate essential\ndifferences between the Gaussian case and the case involving Levy flights.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of Molecular Motors in Reversible Burnt-Bridge Models: Dynamic properties of molecular motors whose motion is powered by\ninteractions with specific lattice bonds are studied theoretically with the\nhelp of discrete-state stochastic \"burnt-bridge\" models. Molecular motors are\ndepicted as random walkers that can destroy or rebuild periodically distributed\nweak connections (\"bridges\") when crossing them, with probabilities $p_1$ and\n$p_2$ correspondingly. Dynamic properties, such as velocities and dispersions,\nare obtained in exact and explicit form for arbitrary values of parameters\n$p_1$ and $p_2$. For the unbiased random walker, reversible burning of the\nbridges results in a biased directed motion with a dynamic transition observed\nat very small concentrations of bridges. In the case of backward biased\nmolecular motor its backward velocity is reduced and a reversal of the\ndirection of motion is observed for some range of parameters. It is also found\nthat the dispersion demonstrates a complex, non-monotonic behavior with large\nfluctuations for some set of parameters. Complex dynamics of the system is\ndiscussed by analyzing the behavior of the molecular motors near burned\nbridges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jarzynski Equality and its Special Trajectory Ensemble Average\n  Demystified: The special trajectory ensemble average (TEA), denoted by a subscript 0, in\nthe Jarzynski Equality (JE) results in the Jensen inequality <R>_0 GT-EQ\ndelta(F) for the work R done on the system, and not the thermodynamic work\ninequality <R> GT-EQ delta(F) since we find <R> NEQ <R>_0. Therefore, contrary\nto the common belief, the Jensen inequality does not directly support the JE as\na nonequilibrium result. Jarzynski's microscopic treatment of the inclusive\nenergy considers only the external work d_eE_k but neglects the ubiquitous\nchange d_iE_k due to external-internal force imbalance, though d_iE_k's are\npresent even in a reversible process as we show. Because of this neglect, no\nthermodynamic force necessary for dissipation is allowed. Thus the JE has no\nbuilt-in irreversibility, despite a time-dependent work protocol. We support\nour claim by an explicit calculation, which shows that <R>_0 > delta(F) even\nfor a reversible process for which <R> = delta(F). This also confirms that <R>\nand <R>_0 are different averages.",
        "positive": "Extinction of metastable stochastic populations: We investigate extinction of a long-lived self-regulating stochastic\npopulation, caused by intrinsic (demographic) noise. Extinction typically\noccurs via one of two scenarios depending on whether the absorbing state n=0 is\na repelling (scenario A) or attracting (scenario B) point of the deterministic\nrate equation. In scenario A the metastable stochastic population resides in\nthe vicinity of an attracting fixed point next to the repelling point n=0. In\nscenario B there is an intermediate repelling point n=n_1 between the\nattracting point n=0 and another attracting point n=n_2 in the vicinity of\nwhich the metastable population resides. The crux of the theory is WKB method\nwhich assumes that the typical population size in the metastable state is\nlarge. Starting from the master equation, we calculate the quasi-stationary\nprobability distribution of the population sizes and the (exponentially long)\nmean time to extinction for each of the two scenarios. When necessary, the WKB\napproximation is complemented (i) by a recursive solution of the\nquasi-stationary master equation at small n and (ii) by the van Kampen\nsystem-size expansion, valid near the fixed points of the deterministic rate\nequation. The theory yields both entropic barriers to extinction and\npre-exponential factors, and holds for a general set of multi-step processes\nwhen detailed balance is broken. The results simplify considerably for\nsingle-step processes and near the characteristic bifurcations of scenarios A\nand B."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal relation between instantaneous diffusivity and radius of\n  gyration of proteins in aqueous solution: Protein conformational fluctuations are highly complex and exhibit long-term\ncorrelations. Here, molecular dynamics simulations of small proteins\ndemonstrate that these conformational fluctuations directly affect the\nprotein's instantaneous diffusivity $D_I$. We find that the radius of gyration\n$R_g$ of the proteins exhibits $1/f$ fluctuations, that are synchronous with\nthe fluctuations of $D_I$. Our analysis demonstrates the validity of the local\nStokes-Einstein type relation $D_I\\propto1/(R_g + R_0)$, where $R_0\\sim0.3$ nm\nis assumed to be a hydration layer around the protein. From the analysis of\ndifferent protein types with both strong and weak conformational fluctuations\nthe validity of the Stokes-Einstein type relation appears to be a general\nproperty.",
        "positive": "Thermophoresis as persistent random walk: In a simple model of a continuous random walk a particle moves in one\ndimension with the velocity fluctuating between V and -V. If V is associated\nwith the thermal velocity of a Brownian particle and allowed to be position\ndependent, the model accounts readily for the particle's drift along the\ntemperature gradient and recovers basic results of the conventional\nthermophoresis theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics and path integrals for a finite number of bosons: Recent investigations show that the statistical mechanics of a finite number\nof particles in ideal harmonic systems predicts different results for the same\nphysical properties, depending on the ensemble under consideration. Path\nintegral methods for a finite number of bosons with equidistant energy levels\ngive the same answers for the mean energy, the specific heat and the\ncondensation temperature etc., irrespective whether their calculation results\nfrom the density of states, from the partition function or from the generating\nfunction.\n  We show that this contradiction is due either to the use of approximate\nrelations between quantum statistical expressions, or to a misinterpretation of\nthe generating function.",
        "positive": "Energetics and Vibrational States for Hydrogen on Pt(111): We present a combination of theoretical calculations and experiments for the\nlow-lying vibrational excitations of H and D atoms adsorbed on the Pt(111)\nsurface. The vibrational band states are calculated based on the full\nthree-dimensional adiabatic potential energy surface obtained from first\nprinciples calculations. For coverages less than three quarters of a monolayer,\nthe observed experimental high-resolution electron peaks at 31 and 68meV are in\nexcellent agreement with the theoretical transitions between selected bands.\nOur results convincingly demonstrate the need to go beyond the local harmonic\noscillator picture to understand the dynamics of this system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional Fokker-Planck Equation for Ultraslow Kinetics: Several classes of physical systems exhibit ultraslow diffusion for which the\nmean squared displacement at long times grows as a power of the logarithm of\ntime (\"strong anomaly\") and share the interesting property that the probability\ndistribution of particle's position at long times is a double-sided\nexponential. We show that such behaviors can be adequately described by a\ndistributed-order fractional Fokker-Planck equations with a power-law\nweighting-function. We discuss the equations and the properties of their\nsolutions, and connect this description with a scheme based on continuous-time\nrandom walks.",
        "positive": "Monomer-Dimer Mixture on a Honeycomb Lattice: We study a monomer-dimer mixture defined on a honeycomb lattice as a toy\nmodel for the spin ice system in a magnetic field. In a low-doping region of\nmonomers, the effective description of this system is given by the dual\nsine-Gordon model. In intermediate- and strong-doping regions, the Potts\nlattice gas theory can be employed. Synthesizing these results, we construct a\nrenormalization-group flow diagram, which includes the stable and unstable\nfixed points corresponding to ${\\cal M}_5$ and ${\\cal M}_6$ in the minimal\nmodels of the conformal field theory. We perform numerical transfer-matrix\ncalculations to determine a global phase diagram and also to proffer evidence\nto check our prediction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat transport through an open coupled scalar field theory hosting\n  stability-to-instability transition: We investigate heat transport through a one-dimensional open coupled scalar\nfield theory, depicted as a network of harmonic oscillators connected to\nthermal baths at the boundaries. The non-Hermitian dynamical matrix of the\nnetwork undergoes a stability-to-instability transition at the exceptional\npoints as the coupling strength between the scalar fields increases. The open\nnetwork in the unstable regime, marked by the emergence of inverted oscillator\nmodes, does not acquire a steady state, and the heat conduction is then\nunbounded for general bath couplings. In this work, we engineer a unique bath\ncoupling where a single bath is connected to two fields at each edge with the\nsame strength. This configuration leads to a finite steady-state heat\nconduction in the network, even in the unstable regime. We also study general\nbath couplings, e.g., connecting two fields to two separate baths at each\nboundary, which shows an exciting signature of approaching the unstable regime\nfor massive fields. We derive analytical expressions for high-temperature\nclassical heat current through the network for different bath couplings at the\nedges and compare them. Furthermore, we determine the temperature dependence of\nlow-temperature quantum heat current in different cases. Our study will help to\nprobe topological phases and phase transitions in various quadratic Hermitian\nbosonic models whose dynamical matrices resemble non-Hermitian Hamiltonians,\nhosting exciting topological phases.",
        "positive": "Finite-frequency dynamics of vortex loops at the $^4$He superfluid phase\n  transition: The finite-frequency dynamics of the $^4$He superfluid phase transition can\nbe formulated in terms of the response of thermally excited vortex loops to an\noscillating flow field. The key parameter is the Hausdorff fractal dimension\n$d_H$ of the loops, which affects the dynamics because the frictional force on\na loop is proportional to the total perimeter $P$ of the loop, which varies as\n$P \\sim a^{d_H}$ where $a$ is the loop diameter. Solving the 3D Fokker-Planck\nequation for the loop response at frequency $\\omega $ yields a superfluid\ndensity which varies at $T_{\\lambda}$ as $\\omega^{1/(d_H -1)}$. This power-law\nvariation with $\\omega$ agrees with the scaling form found by Fisher, Fisher,\nand Huse, since the dynamic exponent $z$ is identified as $z = d_H-1$. Flory\nscaling for the self-avoiding loops gives a fractal dimension in terms of the\nspace dimension $d$ as $d_H = (d+2)/2$, yielding $z = d/2 = 3/2$ for d = 3, in\ncomplete agreement with dynamic scaling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conformation dependent damping and generalization of\n  fluctuation-dissipation relation: Damping on an object generally depends on its conformation (shape size etc.).\nWe consider the Langevin dynamics of a model system with a conformation\ndependent damping and generalize the fluctuation dissipation relation to fit in\nsuch a situation. We derive equilibrium distribution function for such a case\nwhich converges to the standard Boltzmann form at the limit of uniform damping.\nThe results can have implications, in general, for barrier overcoming processes\nwhere standard Boltzmann statistics is slow.",
        "positive": "Using Markov transition matrices to generate trial configurations in\n  Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations: We propose a new Markov chain Monte Carlo method in which trial\nconfigurations are generated by evolving a state, sampled from a prior\ndistribution, using a Markov transition matrix. We present two prototypical\nalgorithms and derive their corresponding acceptance rules. We first identify\nthe important factors controlling the quality of the sampling. We then apply\nthe method to the problem of sampling polymer configurations with fixed\nendpoints. Applications of the proposed method range from the design of new\ngenerative models to the improvement of the portability of specific Monte Carlo\nalgorithms, like configurational-bias schemes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reaction diffusion processes on random and scale-free networks: We study the discrete Gierer-Meinhardt model of reaction-diffusion on three\ndifferent types of networks: regular, random and scale-free. The model dynamics\nlead to the formation of stationary Turing patterns in the steady state in\ncertain parameter regions. Some general features of the patterns are studied\nthrough numerical simulation. The results for the random and scale-free\nnetworks show a marked difference from those in the case of the regular\nnetwork. The difference may be ascribed to the small world character of the\nfirst two types of networks.",
        "positive": "Calculating Value-at-Risk contributions in CreditRisk+: Credit Suisse First Boston (CSFB) launched in 1997 the model CreditRisk+\nwhich aims at calculating the loss distribution of a credit portfolio on the\nbasis of a methodology from actuarial mathematics. Knowing the loss\ndistribution, it is possible to determine quantile-based values-at-risk (VaRs)\nfor the portfolio. An open question is how to attribute fair VaR contributions\nto the credits or loans forming the portfolio. One approach is to define the\ncontributions as certain conditional expectations. We develop an algorithm for\nthe calculations involved in this approach. This algorithm can be adapted for\ncomputing the contributions to the portfolio Expected Shortfall (ES).\n  Key words: CreditRisk+; Value-at-Risk (VaR); risk contribution; conditional\nexpectation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple thermodynamic description of the combined Einstein and elastic\n  models: Simple application of the Einstein model combined with the elastic\ndescription of solid state is developed. The frequency of quantum oscillators\nhas been assumed as volume dependent and, furthermore, elastic energy terms of\nstatic character have been included to complete the description. Such an\nextension enables to construct the complete thermodynamics. In particular, the\nmodel yields practical equation of state and describes the thermal expansion\ncoefficient as well as the isothermal compressibility of solids. The\nthermodynamic properties resulting from the Gibbs free-energy analysis have\nbeen calculated and illustrated in figures. Some comparison of the theoretical\nresults with experimental data for solid argon has been made.",
        "positive": "The Casimir effect for the Bose-Gas in Slabs: We study the Casimir effect for the perfect Bose-gase in the slab geometry\nfor various boundary conditions. We show that the grand canonical potential per\nunit area at the bulk critical chemical potential $\\mu=0$ has the standard\nasymptotic form with universal Casimir terms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster crystals for Brownian particles with combined soft and hard-core\n  repulsive interactions: Particle systems interacting with a soft repulsion, at thermal equilibrium\nand under some circumstances, are known to form cluster crystals, i.e. periodic\narrangements of particle aggregates. We study here how these states are\nmodified by the presence of an additional hard-core repulsion, accounting for\nparticle size. To this end we consider a two-dimensional system of Brownian\nparticles interacting through a potential which includes a hard-core and a\nsoft-core (of the GEM-{\\alpha} type) repulsive terms. The system shows\ndifferent phases, and we focus in the regime where cluster crystals form. We\nconsider two situations: the low-temperature one in which particles inside the\nclusters also show an ordered structure (crystal cluster-crystal phase), and\nthe one occurring at higher temperature in which particles within the clusters\nare spatially disordered (fluid cluster crystal). An explicit expression for\nthe energy in terms of the typical distance among clusters and the typical\ndistance of the particles within the clusters is obtained for vanishing\ntemperature, which helps to understand the balance between the different forces\ninvolved. Finite-temperature corrections are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Stochastic functionals and fluctuation theorem for the multi-kangaroo\n  process: We introduce multi-kangaroo Markov processes and provide a general procedure\nfor evaluating a certain type of stochastic functionals. We calculate\nanalytically the large deviation properties. Applications include zero-crossing\nstatistics and stochastic thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inverse Transitions in the Ghatak-Sherrington model with Bimodal Random\n  Fields: The present work studies the Ghatak-Sherrington (GS) model with the presence\nof a longitudinal magnetic random field (RF) $h_{i}$ following a bimodal\ndistribution. The model considers a random bond interaction $J_{i,j}$ which\nfollows a Gaussian distribution with mean $J_0/N$ and variance $J^2/N$. This\nallows us to introduce the bond disorder strength parameter $J/J_0$ to probe\nthe combined effects of disorder coming from the random bond and the discrete\nRF over unusual phase transitions known as inverse transitions (ITs). The\nresults within a mean field approximation indicate that these two types of\ndisorder have complete distinct roles for the ITs. They indicate that bond\ndisorder creates the necessary conditions for the presence of inverse freezing\nor even inverse melting depending on the bond disorder strength, while the RF\ntends to enforce mechanisms that destroy the ITs.",
        "positive": "Critical aging of Ising ferromagnets relaxing from an ordered state: We investigate the nonequilibrium behavior of the d-dimensional Ising model\nwith purely dissipative dynamics during its critical relaxation from a\nmagnetized initial configuration. The universal scaling forms of the two-time\nresponse and correlation functions of the magnetization are derived within the\nfield-theoretical approach and the associated scaling functions and\nfluctuation-dissipation ratio are computed up to first order in the\nepsilon-expansion. Aging behavior is clearly displayed during the critical\nrelaxation. These results are confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations of the\ntwo-dimensional Ising model with Glauber dynamics. The crossover to the case of\nrelaxation from a disordered state is discussed and the crossover function for\nthe fluctuation-dissipation ratio is computed within the Gaussian\napproximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the High-dimensional Bak-Sneppen model: We report on extensive numerical simulations on the Bak-Sneppen model in high\ndimensions. We uncover a very rich behavior as a function of dimensionality.\nFor d>2 the avalanche cluster becomes fractal and for d \\ge 4 the process\nbecomes transient. Finally the exponents reach their mean field values for\nd=d_c=8, which is then the upper critical dimension of the Bak Sneppen model.",
        "positive": "Properties of the chiral spin liquid state in generalized spin ladders: We study zero temperature properties of a system of two coupled quantum spin\nchains subject to fields explicitly breaking time reversal symmetry and parity.\nSuitable choice of the strength of these fields gives a model soluble by Bethe\nAnsatz methods which allows to determine the complete magnetic phase diagram of\nthe system and the asymptotics of correlation functions from the finite size\nspectrum. The chiral properties of the system for both the integrable and the\nnonintegrable case are studied using numerical techniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Solution for the Time Evolution of Network Rewiring Models: We consider the rewiring of a bipartite graph using a mixture of random and\npreferential attachment. The full mean field equations for the degree\ndistribution and its generating function are given. The exact solution of these\nequations for all finite parameter values at any time is found in terms of\nstandard functions. It is demonstrated that these solutions are an excellent\nfit to numerical simulations of the model. We discuss the relationship between\nour model and several others in the literature including examples of Urn,\nBackgammon, and Balls-in-Boxes models, the Watts and Strogatz rewiring problem\nand some models of zero range processes. Our model is also equivalent to those\nused in various applications including cultural transmission, family name and\ngene frequencies, glasses, and wealth distributions. Finally some Voter models\nand an example of a Minority game also show features described by our model.",
        "positive": "Aging Effects in a Lennard-Jones Glass: Using molecular dynamics simulations we study the out of equilibrium dynamic\ncorrelations in a model glass-forming liquid. The system is quenched from a\nhigh temperature to a temperature below its glass transition temperature and\nthe decay of the two-time intermediate scattering function C(t_w,t+t_w) is\nmonitored for several values of the waiting time t_w after the quench. We find\nthat C(t_w,t+t_w) shows a strong dependence on the waiting time, i.e. aging,\ndepends on the temperature before the quench and, similar to the case of spin\nglasses, can be scaled onto a master curve."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Fisher information matrix in nonextensive systems with\n  spatial correlation: By using the $q$-Gaussian distribution derived by the maximum entropy method\nfor spatially-correlated $N$-unit nonextensive systems, we have calculated the\ngeneralized Fisher information matrix of $g_{\\theta_n \\theta_m}$ for\n$(\\theta_1, \\theta_2, \\theta_3) = (\\mu_q, \\sigma_q^2$, $s$), where $\\mu_q$,\n$\\sigma_q^2$ and $s$ denote the mean, variance and degree of spatial\ncorrelation, respectively, for a given entropic index $q$. It has been shown\nfrom the Cram\\'{e}r-Rao theorem that (1) an accuracy of an unbiased estimate of\n$\\mu_q$ is improved (degraded) by a negative (positive) correlation $s$, (2)\nthat of $\\sigma_q^2$ is worsen with increasing $s$, and (3) that of $s$ is much\nimproved for $s \\simeq -1/(N-1)$ or $s \\simeq 1.0$ though it is worst at $s =\n(N-2)/2(N-1)$. Our calculation provides a clear insight to the long-standing\ncontroversy whether the spatial correlation is beneficial or detrimental to\ndecoding in neuronal ensembles. We discuss also a calculation of the\n$q$-Gaussian distribution, applying the superstatistics to the Langevin model\nsubjected to spatially-correlated inputs.",
        "positive": "An alternative field theory for the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition: We extend a Gaussian model for the internal electrical potential of a\ntwo-dimensional Coulomb gas by a non-Gaussian measure term, which singles out\nthe physically relevant configurations of the potential. The resulting\nHamiltonian, expressed as a functional of the internal potential, has a\nsurprising large-scale limit: The additional term simply counts the number of\nmaxima and minima of the potential. The model allows for a transparent\nderivation of the divergence of the correlation length upon lowering the\ntemperature down to the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat conduction induced by non-Gaussian athermal fluctuations: We study the properties of heat conduction induced by non-Gaussian noises\nfrom athermal environments. We find that new terms should be added to the\nconventional Fourier law and the fluctuation theorem for the heat current,\nwhere its average and fluctuation are determined not only by the noise\nintensities but also by the non-Gaussian nature of the noises. Our results\nexplicitly show the absence of the zeroth law of thermodynamics in athermal\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Compelling evidence for the theory of dynamic scaling in first-order\n  phase transitions: Matter exhibits phases and their transitions. These transitions are\nclassified as first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) and continuous ones. While\nthe latter has a well-established theory of the renormalization group, the\nformer is only qualitatively accounted for by classical theories of nucleation,\nsince their predictions often disagree with experiments by orders of magnitude.\nA theory to integrate FOPTs into the framework of the renormalization-group\ntheory has been proposed but seems to contradict with extant wisdom. Here we\nshow first that classical nucleation and growth theories alone cannot explain\nthe FOPTs of the paradigmatic two-dimensional Ising model driven by linearly\nvarying an externally applied field. Then we offer compelling evidence that the\ntransitions agree well with the renormalization-group theory when logarithmic\ncorrections are properly considered. This unifies the theories for both classes\nof transitions and FOPTs can be studied using universality and scaling similar\nto their continuous counterpart."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random Sequential Adsorption: From Continuum to Lattice and\n  Pre-Patterned Substrates: The random sequential adsorption (RSA) model has served as a paradigm for\ndiverse phenomena in physical chemistry, as well as in other areas such as\nbiology, ecology, and sociology. In the present work, we survey aspects of the\nRSA model with emphasis on the approach to and properties of jammed states\nobtained for large times in continuum deposition versus that on lattice\nsubstrates, and on pre-patterned surfaces. The latter model has been of recent\ninterest in the context of efforts to use pre-patterning as a tool to improve\nselfassembly in micro- and nanoscale surface structure engineering.",
        "positive": "A single saddle model for the beta-relaxation in supercooled liquids: We study the Langevin equation for a single harmonic saddle as an elementary\nmodel for the beta-relaxation in supercooled liquids close to Tc. The input of\nthe theory is the spectrum of the eigenvalues of the dominant stationary points\nat a given temperature. We prove in general the existence of a time-scale\nt_eps, which is uniquely determined by the spectrum, but is not simply related\nto the fraction of negative eigenvalues. The mean square displacement develops\na plateau of length t_eps, such that a two-step relaxation is obtained if t_eps\ndiverges at Tc. We analyze the specific case of a spectrum with bounded left\ntail, and show that in this case the mean square displacement has a scaling\ndependence on time identical to the beta-relaxation regime of Mode Coupling\nTheory, with power law approach to the plateau and power law divergence of\nt_eps at Tc."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computing absolute free energies of disordered structures by molecular\n  simulation: We present a Monte Carlo simulation technique by which the free energy of\ndisordered systems can be computed directly. It is based on thermodynamic\nintegration. The central idea is to construct an analytically solvable\nreference system from a configuration which is representative for the state of\ninterest. The method can be applied to lattice models (e.g., the Ising model)\nas well as off-lattice molecular models. We focus mainly on the more\nchallenging off-lattice case. We propose a Monte Carlo algorithm, by which the\nthermodynamic integration path can be sampled efficiently. At the examples of\nthe hard sphere liquid and a hard disk solid with a defect we discuss several\nproperties of the approach.",
        "positive": "Negative linear compressibility in confined dilatating systems: The role of a matrix response to a fluid insertion is analyzed in terms of a\nperturbation theory and Monte Carlo simulations applied to a hard sphere fluid\nin a slit of fluctuating density-dependent width.\n  It is demonstrated that a coupling of the fluid-slit repulsion, spatial\nconfinement and the matrix dilatation acts as an effective fluid-fluid\nattraction, inducing a pseudo-critical state with divergent linear\ncompressibility and non-critical density fluctuations. An appropriate\ncombination of the dilatation rate, fluid density and the slit size leads to\nthe fluid states with negative linear compressibility. It is shown that the\nswitching from positive to negative compressibility is accompanied by an abrupt\nchange in the packing mechanism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Kaniadakis distributions applied in statistical physics and\n  natural sciences: Constitutive relations are fundamental and essential to characterize physical\nsystems. By utilizing the $\\kappa$-deformed functions, some constitutive\nrelations are generalized. We here show some applications of the Kaniadakis\ndistributions based on the inverse hyperbolic sine function to some topics\nbelonging to the realm of statistical physics and natural science.",
        "positive": "Exact spectral decomposition of a time-dependent one-particle reduced\n  density matrix: We determine the exact time-dependent non-idempotent one-particle reduced\ndensity matrix and its spectral decomposition for a harmonically confined\ntwo-particle correlated one-dimensional system when the interaction terms in\nthe Schr\\\"odinger Hamiltonian are changed abruptly. Based on this matrix in\ncoordinate space we derivea precise condition for the equivalence of the purity\nand the overlap-square of the correlated and non-correlated wave functions as\nthe system evolves in time. This equivalence holds only if the interparticle\ninteractions are affected, while the confinement terms are unaffected within\nthe stability range of the system. Under this condition we also analyze various\ntime-dependent measures of entanglement and demonstrate that, depending on the\nmagnitude of the changes made in the Schr\\\"odinger Hamiltonian, periodic,\nlogarithmically incresing or constant value behavior of the von Neumann entropy\ncan occur."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pathways of activated escape in periodically modulated systems: We investigate dynamics of activated escape in periodically modulated\nsystems. The trajectories followed in escape form diffusion broadened tubes,\nwhich are periodically repeated in time. We show that these tubes can be\ndirectly observed and find their shape. Quantitatively, the tubes are\ncharacterized by the distribution of trajectories that, after escape, pass\nthrough a given point in phase space for a given modulation phase. This\ndistribution may display several peaks separated by the modulation period.\nAnalytical results agree with the results of simulations of a model Brownian\nparticle in a modulated potential.",
        "positive": "Transport in Out-of-Equilibrium XXZ Chains: Exact Profiles of Charges\n  and Currents: We consider the non-equilibrium time evolution of piecewise homogeneous\nstates in the XXZ spin-1/2 chain, a paradigmatic example of an interacting\nintegrable model. The initial state can be thought as the result of joining\nchains with different global properties. Through dephasing, at late times the\nstate becomes locally equivalent to a stationary state which explicitly depends\non position and time. We propose a kinetic theory of elementary excitations and\nderive a continuity equation which fully characterizes the thermodynamics of\nthe model. We restrict ourselves to the gapless phase and consider cases where\nthe chains are prepared: 1) at different temperatures; 2) in the ground state\nof two different models; 3) in the \"domain wall\" state. We find excellent\nagreement (any discrepancy is within the numerical error) between theoretical\npredictions and numerical simulations of time evolution based on TEBD\nalgorithms. As a corollary, we unveil an exact expression for the expectation\nvalues of the charge currents in a generic stationary state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonexistence of classical diamagnetism and nonequilibrium fluctuation\n  theorems for charged particles on a curved surface: We show that the classical Langevin dynamics for a charged particle on a\nclosed curved surface in a time-independent magnetic field leads to the\ncanonical distribution in the long time limit. Thus the Bohr-van Leeuwen\ntheorem holds even for a finite system without any boundary and the average\nmagnetic moment is zero. This is contrary to the recent claim by Kumar and\nKumar (EPL, {\\bf 86} (2009) 17001), obtained from numerical analysis of\nLangevin dynamics, that a classical charged particle on the surface of a sphere\nin the presence of a magnetic field has a nonzero average diamagnetic moment.\nWe extend our analysis to a many-particle system on a curved surface and show\nthat the nonequilibrium fluctuation theorems also hold in this geometry.",
        "positive": "Time correlation function of the shear stress in sheared particle\n  systems: The long-time behaviors of the time correlation function $C_\\eta(t)$ of the\nshear stress for three-dimensional sheared fluids are investigated\ntheoretically. It is found that there are the cross-overs in $C_\\eta(t)$ from\n$t^{-3/2}$ to $t^{-2}$ for sheared fluids of elastic particles without any\nthermostat, and from $t^{-3/2}$ to $t^{-5/2}$ for isothermal sheared fluids\nincluding granular fluids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The forces on a single interacting Bose-Einstein condensate: Using double parabola approximation for a single Bose-Einstein condensate\nconfined between double slabs we proved that in grand canonical ensemble (GCE)\nthe ground state with Robin boundary condition (BC) is favored, whereas in\ncanonical ensemble (CE) our system undergoes from ground state with Robin BC to\nthe one with Dirichlet BC in small-$L$ region and vice versa for large-$L$\nregion and phase transition in space of the ground state is the first order.\nThe surface tension force and Casimir force are also considered in both CE and\nGCE in detail.",
        "positive": "Short-time height distribution in 1d KPZ equation: starting from a\n  parabola: We study the probability distribution $\\mathcal{P}(H,t,L)$ of the surface\nheight $h(x=0,t)=H$ in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation in $1+1$\ndimension when starting from a parabolic interface, $h(x,t=0)=x^2/L$. The\nlimits of $L\\to\\infty$ and $L\\to 0$ have been recently solved exactly for any\n$t>0$. Here we address the early-time behavior of $\\mathcal{P}(H,t,L)$ for\ngeneral $L$. We employ the weak-noise theory - a variant of WKB approximation\n-- which yields the optimal history of the interface, conditioned on reaching\nthe given height $H$ at the origin at time $t$. We find that at small $H$\n$\\mathcal{P}(H,t,L)$ is Gaussian, but its tails are non-Gaussian and highly\nasymmetric. In the leading order and in a proper moving frame, the tails behave\nas $-\\ln \\mathcal{P}= f_{+}|H|^{5/2}/t^{1/2}$ and $f_{-}|H|^{3/2}/t^{1/2}$. The\nfactor $f_{+}(L,t)$ monotonically increases as a function of $L$, interpolating\nbetween time-independent values at $L=0$ and $L=\\infty$ that were previously\nknown. The factor $f_{-}$ is independent of $L$ and $t$, signalling\nuniversality of this tail for a whole class of deterministic initial\nconditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gauge Theory Description of Spin Ladders: A s=1/2 antiferromagnetic spin chain is equivalent to the two-flavor massless\nSchwinger model in an uniform background charge density in the strong coupling.\nThe gapless mode of the spin chain is represented by a massless boson of the\nSchwinger model. In a two-leg spin ladder system the massless boson aquires a\nfinite mass due to inter-chain interactions. The gap energy is found to be\nabout .25 k |J'| when the inter-chain Heisenberg coupling J' is small compared\nwith the intra-chain Heisenberg coupling. k is a constant of O(1). It is also\nshown that a cyclically symmetric N-leg ladder system is gapless or gapful for\nan odd or even N, respectively.",
        "positive": "Edwards thermodynamics for a driven athermal system with dry friction: We obtain, using semi-analytical transfer operator techniques, the Edwards\nthermodynamics of a one-dimensional model of blocks connected by harmonic\nsprings and subjected to dry friction. The theory is able to reproduce the\nlinear divergence of the correlation length as a function of energy density\nobserved in direct numerical simulations of the model under tapping dynamics.\nWe further characterize analytically this divergence using a Gaussian\napproximation for the distribution of mechanically stable configurations, and\nshow that it is related to the existence of a peculiar infinite temperature\ncritical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theoretical study of the intrinsic magnetic properties of disordered\n  $Fe_{1-x}Ru_x$ alloys: a mean-field approach: The magnetic properties of the $Fe_{1-x}Ru_x$ alloy system for 0 $\\leq$ x\n$\\leq$ 0.10 are studied by using a mean-field approximation based on the\nBogoliubov inequality. Ferromagnetic Fe-Fe spin correlations and\nantiferromagnetic Fe-Ru and Ru-Ru exchanges have been considered to describe\nthe temperature dependence of the Curie temperature and low temperature\nmagnetization. A composition dependence has been imposed in the exchange\ncouplings, as indicated by experiments. From a least-square fitting procedure\nto the experimental results an estimation of the interaction parameters was\nobtained, which yielded the low temperature dependence of the magnetization and\nof the ferromagnetic Curie temperature. A good agreement was obtained with\navailable experimental results.",
        "positive": "Why is Random Close Packing Reproducible?: We link the thermodynamics of colloidal suspensions to the statistics of\nregular and random packings. Random close packing has defied a rigorous\ndefinition yet, in three dimensions, there is near universal agreement on the\nvolume fraction at which it occurs. We conjecture that the common value of\nphi_rcp, approximately 0.64, arises from a divergence in the rate at which\naccessible states disappear. We relate this rate to the equation of state for a\nhard sphere fluid on a metastable, non-crystalline branch."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pairwise Summation Approximation of Casimir energy from first principles: We obtain the Pairwise Summation Approximation (PSA) of the Casimir energy\nfrom first principles in the soft dielectric and soft diamagnetic limit, so we\nfind that the PSA is an asymptotic approximation of the Casimir energy valid\nfor large distances between the objects. We also obtain the PSA for the\nelectromagnetic coupling part of the Casimir energy, so we are able to complete\nthe PSA limit at a first time for the complete electromagnetic field.",
        "positive": "Stochastic thermodynamics in many-particle systems: We study the thermodynamic properties of a microscopic model of coupled\noscillators that exhibits a dynamical phase transition from a desynchronized to\na synchronized phase. We consider two different configurations for the\nthermodynamic forces applied on the oscillators, one resembling the macroscopic\npower grids, and one resembling autonomous molecular motors. We characterize\nthe input and the output power as well as the efficiency at maximum power,\nproviding analytic expressions for such quantities near the critical coupling\nstrength. We discuss the role of the quenched disorder in the thermodynamic\nforce distributions and show that such a disorder may lead to an enhancement of\nthe efficiency at maximum power."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gradient-limited surfaces: A simple scenario of the formation of geological landscapes is suggested and\nthe respective lattice model is derived. Numerical analysis shows that the\narising non-Gaussian surfaces are characterized by the scale-dependent Hurst\nexponent, which varies from 0.7 to 1, in agreement with experimental data.",
        "positive": "Quantum Mechanical Description of A Quasi-Sratic Process and An\n  Application to Change of Temperatures: A quasi-static process is realized in a purely quantum-mechanical model which\nis described by oscillator (or particle) systems having relative-phase\ninteractions. Time development of a mixture of two oscillator (or particle)\nsystems which have different temperatures is investigated in the quantum\nmechanical framework. We study how they go to a thermal equilibrium. Time\ndependence of the temperature of the object is numerically studied and the\ndifference of the time dependence between classical objects and quantum objects\nis clearly pointed out."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium dynamics in the quantum Brownian oscillator and the\n  second law of thermodynamics: We initially prepare a quantum linear oscillator weakly coupled to a bath in\nequilibrium at an arbitrary temperature. We disturb this system by varying a\nHamiltonian parameter of the coupled oscillator, namely, either its spring\nconstant or mass according to an arbitrary but pre-determined protocol in order\nto perform external work on it. We then derive a closed expression for the\nreduced density operator of the coupled oscillator along this non-equilibrium\nprocess as well as the exact expression pertaining to the corresponding\nquasi-static process. This immediately allows us to analytically discuss the\nsecond law of thermodynamics for non-equilibrium processes. Then we derive a\nClausius inequality and obtain its validity supporting the second law, as a\nconsistent generalization of the Clausius equality valid for the quasi-static\ncounterpart, introduced in [1].",
        "positive": "An alternative to the conventional micro-canonical ensemble: Usual approach to the foundations of quantum statistical physics is based on\nconventional micro-canonical ensemble as a starting point for deriving\nBoltzmann-Gibbs (BG) equilibrium. It leaves, however, a number of conceptual\nand practical questions unanswered. Here we discuss these questions, thereby\nmotivating the study of a natural alternative known as Quantum Micro-Canonical\n(QMC) ensemble. We present a detailed numerical study of the properties of the\nQMC ensemble for finite quantum systems revealing a good agreement with the\nexisting analytical results for large quantum systems. We also propose the way\nto introduce analytical corrections accounting for finite-size effects. With\nthe above corrections, the agreement between the analytical and the numerical\nresults becomes very accurate. The QMC ensemble leads to an unconventional kind\nof equilibrium, which may be realizable after strong perturbations in small\nisolated quantum systems having large number of levels. We demonstrate that the\nvariance of energy fluctuations can be used to discriminate the QMC equilibrium\nfrom the BG equilibrium. We further suggest that the reason, why BG equilibrium\ncommonly occurs in nature rather than the QMC-type equilibrium, has something\nto do with the notion of quantum collapse."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Loopy L\u00e9vy flights enhance tracer diffusion in active suspensions: Brownian motion is widely used as a paradigmatic model of diffusion in\nequilibrium media throughout the physical, chemical, and biological sciences.\nHowever, many real world systems, particularly biological ones, are\nintrinsically out-of-equilibrium due to the energy-dissipating active processes\nunderlying their mechanical and dynamical features. The diffusion process\nfollowed by a passive tracer in prototypical active media such as suspensions\nof active colloids or swimming microorganisms indeed differs significantly from\nBrownian motion, manifest in a greatly enhanced diffusion coefficient,\nnon-Gaussian tails of the displacement statistics, and crossover phenomena from\nnon-Gaussian to Gaussian scaling. While such characteristic features have been\nextensively observed in experiments, there is so far no comprehensive theory\nexplaining how they emerge from the microscopic active dynamics. Here we\npresent a theoretical framework of the enhanced tracer diffusion in an active\nmedium from its microscopic dynamics by coarse-graining the hydrodynamic\ninteractions between the tracer and the active particles as a stochastic\nprocess. The tracer is shown to follow a non-Markovian coloured Poisson process\nthat accounts quantitatively for all empirical observations. The theory\npredicts in particular a long-lived L\\'evy flight regime of the tracer motion\nwith a non-monotonic crossover between two different power-law exponents. The\nduration of this regime can be tuned by the swimmer density, thus suggesting\nthat the optimal foraging strategy of swimming microorganisms might crucially\ndepend on the density in order to exploit the L\\'evy flights of nutrients. Our\nframework provides the first validation of the celebrated L\\'evy flight model\nfrom a physical microscopic dynamics.",
        "positive": "Feedback induced phase transitions in active porous media: Flow through passive porous media is typically described in terms of a linear\ntheory relating current fluxes and driving forces, in the presence of a\nprescribed heterogeneous permeability. However, many porous systems such as\nglacial drainage networks, erosional river bed networks, vascular networks,\nsocial insect swarms and animal architectures such as termite mounds are\ncontinuously remodeled by the flow and thence modify the flow, i.e. they are\nactive. Here we consider a minimal model for an active porous medium where flow\nand resistance are coupled to each other. Using numerical simulations, we show\nthat this results in both channelization and wall-building transitions\ndepending on the form of the feedback. A continuum model allows us to\nunderstand the qualitative features of the resulting phase diagram, and\nsuggests ways to realize complex architectures using simple rules in engineered\nsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo Study of Maghemite Nanoparticles: We consider a simple model of maghemite nanoparticles and study their\nmagnetic properties using Monte Carlo methods. The particles have a spherical\ngeometry with diameters ranging from 3 nm to 8 nm. The interior of the\nparticles consists of core spins with exchange interactions and anisotropy\ngiven by the values in the bulk material. The outer layer of the particles\nconsists of surface spins with weaker exchange interactions but an enhanced\nanisotropy. The thermal behaviour of the total, core and surface magnetizations\nare calculated as well as the hysteresis loops due to the application of an\napplied field. The effect of the surface anisotropy on the blocking\ntemperature, the coercive and exchange bias fields is studied.",
        "positive": "Critical P\u00f3lya urn: We propose a variant model of P{\\'o}lya urn process, where the dynamics\nconsist of two competing elements namely, suppression of growth and enhancement\nof dormant character. Here the level of such features are controlled by an\ninternal parameter in a random manner, so as the system self-organizes and\ncharacteristic observables exhibit scale invariance suggesting the existence of\ncriticality. Varying the internal control parameter, one can explain\ninteresting universality classes for avalanche-type events. We also discuss\ndifferent versions of the model. It is pointed that such an underlying\nmechanism has earlier been noted to operate in a neural network."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On distributions of functionals of anomalous diffusion paths: Functionals of Brownian motion have diverse applications in physics,\nmathematics, and other fields. The probability density function (PDF) of\nBrownian functionals satisfies the Feynman-Kac formula, which is a Schrodinger\nequation in imaginary time. In recent years there is a growing interest in\nparticular functionals of non-Brownian motion, or anomalous diffusion, but no\nequation existed for their PDF. Here, we derive a fractional generalization of\nthe Feynman-Kac equation for functionals of anomalous paths based on\nsub-diffusive continuous-time random walk. We also derive a backward equation\nand a generalization to Levy flights. Solutions are presented for a wide number\nof applications including the occupation time in half space and in an interval,\nthe first passage time, the maximal displacement, and the hitting probability.\nWe briefly discuss other fractional Schrodinger equations that recently\nappeared in the literature.",
        "positive": "Subdiffusive motion in kinetically constrained models: We discuss a kinetically constrained model in which real-valued local\ndensities fluctuate in time, as introduced recently by Bertin, Bouchaud and\nLequeux. We show how the phenomenology of this model can be reproduced by an\neffective theory of mobility excitations propagating in a disordered\nenvironment. Both excitations and probe particles have subdiffusive motion,\ncharacterised by different exponents and operating on different time scales. We\nderive these exponents, showing that they depend continuously on one of the\nparameters of the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical exponents of directed percolation measured in spatiotemporal\n  intermittency: A new experimental system showing a transition to spatiotemporal\nintermittency is presented. It consists of a ring of hundred oscillating\nferrofluidic spikes. Four of five of the measured critical exponents of the\nsystem agree with those obtained from a theoretical model of directed\npercolation.",
        "positive": "Precise binding free energy calculations for multiple molecules using an\n  optimal measurement network of pairwise differences: Alchemical binding free energy (BFE) calculations offer an efficient and\nthermodynamically rigorous approach to in silico binding affinity predictions.\nAs a result of decades of methodological improvements and recent advances in\ncomputer technology, alchemical BFE calculations are now widely used in drug\ndiscovery research. They help guide the prioritization of candidate drug\nmolecules by predicting their binding affinities for a biomolecular target of\ninterest (and potentially selectivity against undesirable anti-targets).\nStatistical variance associated with such calculations, however, may undermine\nthe reliability of their predictions, introducing uncertainty both in ranking\ncandidate molecules and in benchmarking their predictive accuracy. Here, we\npresent a computational method that substantially improves the statistical\nprecision in BFE calculations for a set of ligands binding to a common receptor\nby dynamically allocating computational resources to different BFE calculations\naccording to an optimality objective established in a previous work from our\ngroup and extended in this work. Our method, termed Network Binding Free Energy\n(NetBFE), performs adaptive binding free energy calculations in iterations,\nre-optimizing the allocations in each iteration based on the statistical\nvariances estimated from previous iterations. Using examples of NetBFE\ncalculations for protein-binding of congeneric ligand series, we demonstrate\nthat NetBFE approaches the optimal allocation in a small number (<= 5) of\niterations and that NetBFE reduces the statistical variance in the binding free\nenergy estimates by approximately a factor of two when compared to a previously\npublished and widely used allocation method at the same total computational\ncost."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transfer-matrix approach to the three-dimensional bond percolation: An\n  application of Novotny's formalism: A transfer-matrix simulation scheme for the three-dimensional (d=3) bond\npercolation is presented. Our scheme is based on Novotny's transfer-matrix\nformalism, which enables us to consider arbitrary (integral) number of sites N\nconstituting a unit of the transfer-matrix slice even for d=3. Such an\narbitrariness allows us to perform systematic finite-size-scaling analysis of\nthe criticality at the percolation threshold. Diagonalizing the transfer matrix\nfor N =4,5,...,10, we obtain an estimate for the correlation-length critical\nexponent nu = 0.81(5).",
        "positive": "Quantum variance: a measure of quantum coherence and quantum\n  correlations for many-body systems: Quantum coherence is a fundamental common trait of quantum phenomena, from\nthe interference of matter waves to quantum degeneracy of identical particles.\nDespite its importance, estimating and measuring quantum coherence in generic,\nmixed many-body quantum states remains a formidable challenge, with fundamental\nimplications in areas as broad as quantum condensed matter, quantum\ninformation, quantum metrology and quantum biology. Here we provide a\nquantitative definition of the variance of quantum coherent fluctuations (the\nquantum variance) of any observable on generic quantum states. The quantum\nvariance generalizes the concept of thermal de Broglie wavelength (for the\nposition of a free quantum particle) to the space of eigenvalues of any\nobservable, quantifying the degree of coherent delocalization in that space.\nThe quantum variance is generically measurable and computable as the difference\nbetween the static fluctuations and the static susceptibility of the\nobservable; despite its simplicity, it is found to provide a tight lower bound\nto most widely accepted estimators of \"quantumness\" of observables (both as a\nfeature as well as a resource), such as the Wigner-Yanase skew information and\nthe quantum Fisher information. When considering bipartite fluctuations in an\nextended quantum system, the quantum variance expresses genuine quantum\ncorrelations (of discord type) among the two parts. In the case of many-body\nsystems it is found to obey an area law at finite temperature, extending\ntherefore area laws of entanglement and quantum fluctuations of pure states to\nthe mixed-state context. Hence the quantum variance paves the way to the\nmeasurement of macroscopic quantum coherence and quantum correlations in most\ncomplex quantum systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiple phases in stochastic dynamics: geometry and probabilities: Stochastic dynamics is generated by a matrix of transition probabilities.\nCertain eigenvectors of this matrix provide observables, and when these are\nplotted in the appropriate multi-dimensional space the phases (in the sense of\nphase transitions) of the underlying system become manifest as extremal points.\nThis geometrical construction, which we call an\n\\textit{observable-representation of state space}, can allow hierarchical\nstructure to be observed. It also provides a method for the calculation of the\nprobability that an initial points ends in one or another asymptotic state.",
        "positive": "Non-monotonic flow variations in a TASEP-based traffic model featuring\n  cars searching for parking: The Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (TASEP) is a paradigm of\nout-of-equilibrium Statistical Physics that serves as a simplistic model for\none-way vehicular traffic. Since traffic is perturbed by cars cruising for\nparking in many metropolises, we introduce a variant of TASEP, dubbed SFP, in\nwhich particles are initially cruising at a slower speed and aiming to park on\none of the sites adjacent to the main road, described by a unidimensional\nlattice. After parking, they pull out at a finite rate and move at a normal\nspeed. We show that this model, which breaks many of the conservation rules\napplicable in other TASEP variants, exhibits singular features, in particular\nnon-monotonic variations of the steady-state current with the injection rate\nand re-entrant transitions in the phase diagram, for some range of parameters.\nThese features are robust to variations in the update rule and the boundary\nconditions.Neither the slow speed of cruising cars nor the perturbation of the\nflow due to pull-out maneuvers, taken in isolation, can rationalize these\nobservations. Instead, they originate in a cramming (or `paper jam') effect\nwhich results from the coupling of these mechanisms: injecting too many cars\ninto the system saturates the first sites of the road, which prevents parked\ncars from pulling out, thus forcing cruising cars to travel farther along the\nroad.These strong discrepancies with even the qualitative trends of the\nbaseline TASEP model highlight the importance of considering the effect of\nperturbations on traffic."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low thermal fluctuations in a system heated out of equilibrium: We study the mechanical fluctuations of a micrometer sized silicon cantilever\nsubjected to a strong heat flow, thus having a highly non-uniform local\ntemperature. In this non-equilibrium steady state, we show that fluctuations\nare equivalent to the thermal noise of a cantilever at equilibrium around room\ntemperature, while its mean local temperature is several hundred of degrees\nhigher. Changing the mechanical dissipation by adding a coating to the\ncantilever, we recover the expected rise of fluctuations with the mean\ntemperature. Our work demonstrates that inhomogeneous dissipation mechanisms\ncan decouple the amplitude of thermal fluctuations from the average\ntemperature. This property could be useful to understand out-of-equilibrium\nfluctuating systems, or to engineer low noise instruments.",
        "positive": "Novel dense crystalline packings of ellipsoids: An ellipsoid, the simplest non-spherical shape, has been extensively used as\nmodels for elongated building blocks for a wide spectrum of molecular,\ncolloidal and granular systems. Yet the densest packing of congruent hard\nellipsoids, which is intimately related to the high-density phase of many\ncondensed matter systems, is still an open problem. We discover a novel dense\ncrystalline packing of ellipsoids containing 24 particles with a\nquasi-square-triangular (SQ-TR) tiling arrangement, whose packing density\n{\\phi} exceeds that of the SM2 crystal for aspect ratios {\\alpha} in (1.365,\n1.5625), attaining a maximal {\\phi} about 0.75806 at {\\alpha} = 93/64. We show\nthat SQ-TR phase is thermodynamically stable at high densities over the\naforementioned {\\alpha} range and report a novel phase diagram for self-dual\nellipsoids. The discovery of SQ-TR crystal suggests novel organizing principles\nfor non-spherical particles and self-assembly of colloidal systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Polymer Chain Collapse in Supercritical Fluids: My means of extensive Monte Carlo simulations the mean radius of gyration and\nthe end-to-end distance are calculated for a single chain in a solvent over a\nbroad range of volume fractions, pressures and temperatures. Our results\nindicate that in general, the chain collapses as temperature increases at\nconstant pressure, or as density decreases at constant temperature. A minimum\nin the radius of gyration and the end-to-end distance occurs near the Lower\nCritical Solution Temperature (LCST) and slightly above the coil-to-globule\ntransition temperature, where the chain adopts a quasi-ideal conformation,\ndefined by the balance of binary attractive and repulsive interactions. At\ntemperatures well above the LCST, the chain expands again suggesting an Upper\nCritical Solution Temperature (UCST) phase boundary above the LCST, forming a\nclosed immiscibility loop. However, this observation strongly depends on the\nsolvent-to-monomer size ratio.",
        "positive": "Non-periodic long-range order for fast decaying interactions at positive\n  temperatures: We present the first example of an exponentially decaying interaction which\ngives rise to non-periodic long-range order at positive temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Melting in Monolayers : Hexatic and Fluid Phases: There are strong evidences that the melting in two dimensions depends\ncrucially on the form and range of the interaction potentials between\nparticles. We study with Monte Carlo simulations the phase diagram and the\nmelting of a monolayer of point-particles interacting with repulsive Inverse\nPower Law Interactions, $V(r)=Q^2(\\sigma/r)^n$ where $n$ can take any real\npositive value ($n$-OCP monolayer). As $n$ is varied from 0 to $\\infty$ (Hard\nDisks), including Coulomb ($n=1$) and Dipolar ($n=3$), melting occurs with\ndifferent mechanisms and the overall picture permits to understand the\ndiversity of mechanisms found experimentally or in computer simulations for 2D\nmelting. The empirical transition curves for $n\\leq 3$ and the excellent\nqualitative and semi-quantitative agreements with the KTHNY theory found for\nthe melting of $n$-OCP monolayers with $n\\leq 3$ are the main results of the\npresent work.",
        "positive": "Monolayer Spreading on a Chemically Heterogeneous Substrate: We study the spreading kinetics of a monolayer of hard-core particles on a\nsemi-infinite, chemically heterogeneous solid substrate, one side of which is\ncoupled to a particle reservoir. The substrate is modeled as a square lattice\ncontaining two types of sites -- ordinary ones and special, chemically active\nsites placed at random positions with mean concentration $\\alpha$. These\nspecial sites temporarily immobilize particles of the monolayer which then\nserve as impenetrable obstacles for the other particles. In terms of a\nmean-field-type theory, we show that the mean displacement $X_0(t)$ of the\nmonolayer edge grows with time $t$ as $X_0(t) = \\sqrt{2 D_{\\alpha} t \\ln(4\nD_{\\alpha} t/\\pi a^2)}$, ($a$ being the lattice spacing). This time dependence\nis confirmed by numerical simulations; $D_{\\alpha}$ is obtained numerically for\na wide range of values of the parameter $\\alpha$ and trapping times of the\nchemically active sites.\n  We also study numerically the behavior of a stationary particle current in\nfinite samples. The question of the influence of attractive particle-particle\ninteractions on the spreading kinetics is also addressed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady-state properties of a totally asymmetric exclusion process with\n  particles of arbitrary size: The steady-state currents and densities of a one-dimensional totally\nasymmetric exclusion process (TASEP) with particles that occlude an integer\nnumber ($d$) of lattice sites are computed using various mean field\napproximations and Monte Carlo simulations. TASEP's featuring particles of\narbitrary size are relevant for modeling systems such as mRNA translation,\nvesicle locomotion along microtubules, and protein sliding along DNA. We\nconjecture that the nonequilibrium steady-state properties separate into low\ndensity, high density, an maximal current phases similar to those of the\nstandard ($d=1$) TASEP. A simple mean field approximation for steady-state\nparticle currents and densities is found to be inaccurate. However, we find\n{\\it local equilibrium} particle distributions derived from a discrete Tonks\ngas partition function yield apparently exact currents within the maximal\ncurrent phase. For the boundary-limited phases, the equilibrium Tonks gas\ndistribution cannot be used to predict currents, phase boundaries, or the order\nof the phase transitions. However, we employ a refined mean field approach to\nfind apparently exact expressions for the steady state currents, boundary\ndensities, and phase diagrams of the $d\\geq 1$ TASEP. Extensive Monte Carlo\nsimulations are performed to support our analytic, mean field results.",
        "positive": "Schematic phase diagram and collective excitations in the collisional\n  regime for trapped boson-fermion mixtures at zero temperature: We discuss the ground state and the small-amplitude excitations of dilute\nboson-fermion mixtures confined in spherical harmonic traps at $T = 0$,\nassuming repulsive boson-boson interactions and with each component being in a\nsingle hyperfine state. From previous studies of the equilibrium density\nprofiles we propose a schematic phase diagram in a plane defined by the\nvariables $a_{bf}/a_{bb}$ and $a_{bb}k_f^{(0)}$, where $a_{bb}$ and $a_{bf}$\nare the boson-boson and boson-fermion scattering lengths and $k_f^{(0)}$ is the\nFermi wave number at the centre of the trap. With this background we turn to\nthe equations of motion for density fluctuations in the collisional regime and\ndiscuss some general features of the eigenmodes. We display analytic solutions\nfor sound waves in a quasi-homogeneous mixture and for surface modes at weak\nfermion-boson coupling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kallen-Lehman approach to 3D Ising model: A \"Kallen-Lehman\" approach to Ising model, inspired by quantum field theory a\nla Regge, is proposed. The analogy with the Kallen-Lehman representation leads\nto a formula for the free-energy of the 3D model with few free parameters which\ncould be matched with the numerical data. The possible application of this\nscheme to the spin glass case is shortly discussed.",
        "positive": "Logarithmic corrections of the avalanche distributions of sandpile\n  models at the upper critical dimension: We study numerically the dynamical properties of the BTW model on a square\nlattice for various dimensions. The aim of this investigation is to determine\nthe value of the upper critical dimension where the avalanche distributions are\ncharacterized by the mean-field exponents. Our results are consistent with the\nassumption that the scaling behavior of the four-dimensional BTW model is\ncharacterized by the mean-field exponents with additional logarithmic\ncorrections. We benefit in our analysis from the exact solution of the directed\nBTW model at the upper critical dimension which allows to derive how\nlogarithmic corrections affect the scaling behavior at the upper critical\ndimension. Similar logarithmic corrections forms fit the numerical data for the\nfour-dimensional BTW model, strongly suggesting that the value of the upper\ncritical dimension is four."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Morphological transitions in supercritical generalized percolation and\n  moving interfaces in media with frozen randomness: We consider the growth of clusters in disordered media at zero temperature,\nas exemplified by supercritical generalized percolation and by the random field\nIsing model. We show that the morphology of such clusters and of their surfaces\ncan be of different types: They can be standard compact clusters with rough or\nsmooth surfaces, but there exists also a completely different \"spongy\" phase.\nClusters in the spongy phase are `compact' as far as the size-mass relation M ~\nR^D is concerned (with D the space dimension), but have an outer surface (or\n`hull') whose fractal dimension is also D and which is indeed dense in the\ninterior of the entire cluster. This behavior is found in all dimensions D >=\n3. Slightly supercritical clusters can be of either type in $D=3$, while they\nare always spongy in D >= 4. Possible consequences for the applicability of KPZ\n(Kardar-Parisi-Zhang) scaling to interfaces in media with frozen randomness are\nstudied in detail.",
        "positive": "Improved transport equations including correlations for electron-phonon\n  systems. Comparison with exact solutions in one dimension: We study transport equations for quantum many-particle systems in terms of\ncorrelations by applying the general formalism developed in an earlier paper to\nexactly soluble electron-phonon models. The one-dimensional models considered\nare the polaron model with a linear energy dispersion for the electrons and a\nfinite number of electrons and the same model including a Fermi sea\n(Tomonaga-Luttinger model). The inclusion of two-particle correlations shows a\nsignificant and systematic improvement in comparison with the usual\nnon-Markovian equations in Born approximation. For example, the improved\nequations take into account the renormalization of the propagation by the\nself-energies to second order in the coupling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement dynamics in Rule 54: Exact results and quasiparticle\n  picture: We study the entanglement dynamics generated by quantum quenches in the\nquantum cellular automaton Rule $54$. We consider the evolution from a recently\nintroduced class of solvable initial states. States in this class relax\n(locally) to a one-parameter family of Gibbs states and the thermalisation\ndynamics of local observables can be characterised exactly by means of an\nevolution in space. Here we show that the latter approach also gives access to\nthe entanglement dynamics and derive exact formulas describing the asymptotic\nlinear growth of all R\\'enyi entropies in the thermodynamic limit and their\neventual saturation for finite subsystems. While in the case of von Neumann\nentropy we recover exactly the predictions of the quasiparticle picture, we\nfind no physically meaningful quasiparticle description for other R\\'enyi\nentropies. Our results apply to both homogeneous and inhomogeneous quenches.",
        "positive": "Pair correlation functions of the Ising type model with spin 1 within\n  two-particle cluster approximation: The Blume-Emery-Griffiths model on hypercubic lattices within the\ntwo-particle cluster approximation is investigated. The expressions for the\npair correlation functions in $\\bf{k}$-space are derived. On the basis of\nobtained results (at $\\bf{k}=0$) the static susceptibility of this model on the\nsimple cubic lattice is calculated at various values of the single-ion\nanisotropy and biquadratic interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transient and stationary behavior of the Olami-Feder-Christensen\n  earthquake model: Using long-term computer simulations and mean-field like arguments, we\ninvestigate the transient time and the properties of the stationary state of\nthe Olami-Feder-Christensen earthquake model as function of the coupling\nparameter $\\alpha$ and the system size $N$. The most important findings are\nthat the transient time diverges nonanalytically when $\\alpha$ approaches zero,\nand that the avalanche-size distribution will not approach a power law with\nincreasing system size.",
        "positive": "Extreme values and the level-crossing problem. An application to the\n  Feller process: We review the question of the extreme values attained by a random process. We\nrelate it to level crossings either to one boundary (first-passage problems)\nand two boundaries (escape problems). The extremes studied are the maximum, the\nminimum, the maximum absolute value and the range or span. We specialize in\ndiffusion processes and present detailed results for the Wiener and Feller\nprocesses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microcanonical Ensemble Extensive Thermodynamics of Tsallis Statistics: The microscopic foundation of the generalized equilibrium statistical\nmechanics based on the Tsallis entropy is given by using the Gibbs idea of\nstatistical ensembles of the classical and quantum mechanics. The equilibrium\ndistribution functions are derived by the thermodynamic method based upon the\nuse of the fundamental equation of thermodynamics and the statistical\ndefinition of the functions of the state of the system. It is shown that if the\nentropic index $\\xi=1/(q-1)$ in the microcanonical ensemble is an extensive\nvariable of the state of the system, then in the thermodynamic limit\n$\\tilde{z}=1/(q-1)N=const$ the principle of additivity and the zero law of\nthermodynamics are satisfied. In particular, the Tsallis entropy of the system\nis extensive and the temperature is intensive. Thus, the Tsallis statistics\ncompletely satisfies all the postulates of the equilibrium thermodynamics.\nMoreover, evaluation of the thermodynamic identities in the microcanonical\nensemble is provided by the Euler theorem. The principle of additivity and the\nEuler theorem are explicitly proved by using the illustration of the classical\nmicrocanonical ideal gas in the thermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "Particle-wall collision statistics in the open circular billiard: In the open circular billiard particles are placed initially with a uniform\ndistribution in their positions inside a planar circular vesicle. They all have\nvelocities of the same magnitude, whose initial directions are also uniformly\ndistributed. No particle-particle interactions are included, only specular\nelastic collisions of the particles with the wall of the vesicle. The particles\nmay escape through an aperture with an angle $2\\delta$. The collisions of the\nparticles with the wall are characterized by the angular position and the angle\nof incidence. We study the evolution of the system considering the probability\ndistributions of these variables at successive times $n$ the particle reaches\nthe border of the vesicle. These distributions are calculated analytically and\nmeasured in numerical simulations. For finite apertures $\\delta<\\pi/2$, a\nparticular set of initial conditions exists for which the particles are in\nperiodic orbits and never escape the vesicle. This set is of zero measure, but\nthe selection of angular momenta close to these orbits is observed after some\ncollisions, and thus the distributions of probability have a structure formed\nby peaks. We calculate the marginal distributions up to $n=4$, but for\n$\\delta>\\pi/2$ a solution is found for arbitrary $n$. The escape probability as\na function of $n^{-1}$ decays with an exponent 4 for $\\delta>\\pi/2$ and\nevidences for a power law decay are found for lower apertures as well."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization Group Theory for a Perturbed KdV Equation: We show that renormalization group(RG) theory can be used to give an analytic\ndescription of the evolution of a perturbed KdV equation. The equations\ndescribing the deformation of its shape as the effect of perturbation are RG\nequations. The RG approach may be simpler than inverse scattering theory(IST)\nand another approaches, because it dose not rely on any knowledge of IST and it\nis very concise and easy to understand. To the best of our knowledge, this is\nthe first time that RG has been used in this way for the perturbed soliton\ndynamics.",
        "positive": "Effects of turbulent mixing on critical behaviour in the presence of\n  compressibility: Renormalization group analysis of two models: Critical behaviour of two systems, subjected to the turbulent mixing, is\nstudied by means of the field theoretic renormalization group. The first\nsystem, described by the equilibrium model A, corresponds to relaxational\ndynamics of a non-conserved order parameter. The second one is the strongly\nnon-equilibrium reaction-diffusion system, known as Gribov process and\nequivalent to the Reggeon field theory. The turbulent mixing is modelled by the\nKazantsev-Kraichnan \"rapid-change\" ensemble: time-decorrelated Gaussian\nvelocity field with the power-like spectrum k^{-d-\\xi}. Effects of\ncompressibility of the fluid are studied. It is shown that, depending on the\nrelation between the exponent \\xi and the spatial dimension d, the both systems\nexhibit four different types of critical behaviour, associated with four\npossible fixed points of the renormalization group equations. The most\ninteresting point corresponds to a new type of critical behaviour, in which the\nnonlinearity and turbulent mixing are both relevant, and the critical exponents\ndepend on d, \\xi and the degree of compressibility. For the both models,\ncompressibility enhances the role of the nonlinear terms in the dynamical\nequations: the region in the d-\\xi plane, where the new nontrivial regime is\nstable, is getting much wider as the degree of compressibility increases. In\nits turn, turbulent transfer becomes more efficient due to combined effects of\nthe mixing and the nonlinear terms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Log-periodic modulation in one-dimensional random walks: We have studied the diffusion of a single particle on a one-dimensional\nlattice. It is shown that, for a self-similar distribution of hopping rates,\nthe time dependence of the mean-square displacement follows an anomalous power\nlaw modulated by logarithmic periodic oscillations. The origin of this\nmodulation is traced to the dependence on the length of the diffusion\ncoefficient. Both the random walk exponent and the period of the modulation are\nanalytically calculated and confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Logarithmic finite-size scaling of the self-avoiding walk at four\n  dimensions: The $n$-vector spin model, which includes the self-avoiding walk (SAW) as a\nspecial case for the $n \\rightarrow 0 $ limit, has an upper critical\ndimensionality at four spatial dimensions (4D). We simulate the SAW on 4D\nhypercubic lattices with periodic boundary conditions by an irreversible\nBerretti-Sokal algorithm up to linear size $L=768$. From an unwrapped\nend-to-end distance, we obtain the critical fugacity as $z_c= 0.147 \\, 622 \\,\n380(2)$, improving over the existing result $z_c=0.147 \\, 622 \\, 3(1)$ by 50\ntimes. Such a precisely estimated critical point enables us to perform a\nsystematic study of the finite-size scaling of 4D SAW for various quantities.\nOur data indicate that near $z_c$, the scaling behavior of the free energy\nsimultaneously contains a scaling term from the Gaussian fixed point and the\nother accounting for multiplicative logarithmic corrections. In particular, it\nis clearly observed that the critical magnetic susceptibility and the specific\nheat logarithmically diverge as $\\chi \\sim L^2 (\\ln L)^{2 \\hat{y}_h}$ and $C\n\\sim (\\ln L)^{2 \\hat{y}_t}$, and the logarithmic exponents are determined as\n$\\hat{y}_h=0.252(2)$ and $\\hat{y}_t=0.25(2)$, in excellent agreement with the\nfield theoretical prediction $\\hat{y}_h=\\hat{y}_t=1/4$. Our results provide a\nstrong support for the recently conjectured finite-size scaling form for the\nO$(n)$ universality classes at 4D."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Polytype Kinetics and Quenching of Spin Chains with Competing\n  Interactions using Trimer-flip Dynamics: We consider the effects of a quench to T = 0 on a spin system with axial\nnext-next nearest neighbour Ising interactions, evolving under a conserved\n3-spin flip dynamics. Such a model is motivated by the kinetics of stacking\nlayers in polytypes near the 3C-6H transition. We find that the system\ngenerically gets arrested in interesting metastable states which have\ninhomogeneously distributed quiescent and active regions. In such arrested\nstates, the autocorrelation function decays as a stretched exponential $\\sim\n\\exp(-(t/\\tau_{o})^{1 \\over 3})$. The latter feature can be understood in terms\nof a mapping of the dynamics within active stretches to the well known simple\nexclusion process of particles on a line, and bounds can be put on $\\tau_o$.",
        "positive": "Decoherence, wave function collapses and non-ordinary statistical\n  mechanics: We consider a toy model of pointer interacting with a 1/2-spin system, whose\n$\\sigma_{x}$ variable is \\emph{measured} by the environment, according to the\nprescription of decoherence theory. If the environment measuring the variable\n$\\sigma_{x}$ yields ordinary statistical mechanics, the pointer sensitive to\nthe 1/2-spin system undergoes the same, exponential, relaxation regardless of\nwhether real collapses or an entanglement with the environment, mimicking the\neffect of real collapses, occur. In the case of non-ordinary statistical\nmechanics the occurrence of real collapses make the pointer still relax\nexponentially in time, while the equivalent picture in terms of reduced density\nmatrix generates an inverse power law relaxation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generative models for sampling and phase transition indication in spin\n  systems: Recently, generative machine-learning models have gained popularity in\nphysics, driven by the goal of improving the efficiency of Markov chain Monte\nCarlo techniques and of exploring their potential in capturing experimental\ndata distributions. Motivated by their ability to generate images that look\nrealistic to the human eye, we here study generative adversarial networks\n(GANs) as tools to learn the distribution of spin configurations and to\ngenerate samples, conditioned on external tuning parameters, such as\ntemperature. We propose ways to efficiently represent the physical states,\ne.g., by exploiting symmetries, and to minimize the correlations between\ngenerated samples. We present a detailed evaluation of the various\nmodifications, using the two-dimensional XY model as an example, and find\nconsiderable improvements in our proposed implicit generative model. It is also\nshown that the model can reliably generate samples in the vicinity of the phase\ntransition, even when it has not been trained in the critical region. On top of\nusing the samples generated by the model to capture the phase transition via\nevaluation of observables, we show how the model itself can be employed as an\nunsupervised indicator of transitions, by constructing measures of the model's\nsusceptibility to changes in tuning parameters.",
        "positive": "Absolute Transverse Mobility and Ratchet Effect on Periodic 2D Symmetric\n  Substrates: We present a simple model of an overdamped particle moving on a two\ndimensional symmetric periodic substrate with a dc drive in the longitudinal\ndirection and additional ac drives in both the longitudinal and transverse\ndirections. For certain regimes we find that a finite longitudinal dc force\nproduces a net dc response only in the transverse direction, which we term\nabsolute transverse mobility. Additionally we find regimes exhibiting a ratchet\neffect in the absence of an applied dc drive."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality in the Onset of Super-Diffusion in L\u00e9vy Walks: Anomalous dynamics in which local perturbations spread faster than diffusion\nare ubiquitously observed in the long-time behavior of a wide variety of\nsystems. Here, the manner by which such systems evolve towards their asymptotic\nsuperdiffusive behavior is explored using the 1d L\\'evy walk of order $1 <\n\\beta < 2$. The approach towards superdiffusion, as captured by the leading\ncorrection to the asymptotic behavior, is shown to remarkably undergo a\ntransition as $\\beta$ crosses the critical value $\\beta_{c} = 3/2$. Above\n$\\beta_{c}$, this correction scales as $\\lvert x \\rvert \\sim t^{1/2}$,\ndescribing simple diffusion. However, below $\\beta_{c}$ it is instead found to\nremain superdiffusive, scaling as $\\lvert x \\rvert \\sim t^{1/(2\\beta-1)}$. This\ntransition is shown to be independent of the precise model details and is thus\nargued to be universal.",
        "positive": "Cycle representatives for the coarse-graining of systems driven into a\n  non-equilibrium steady state: A major current challenge poses the systematic construction of coarse-grained\nmodels that are dynamically consistent, and, moreover, might be used for\nsystems driven out of thermal equilibrium. Here we present a novel prescription\nthat extends the Markov state modelling approach to driven systems. The first\nstep is to construct a complex network of microstates from detailed atomistic\nsimulations with transition rates that break detailed balance. The\ncoarse-graining is then carried out in the cycle space of this network. To this\nend we introduce the concept of representatives, which stand for many cycles\nwith similar properties. We show how to find these cycle communities using\nwell-developed standard algorithms. Removing all cycles except for the\nrepresentatives defines the coarse-grained model, which is mapped back onto a\nnetwork with far fewer states and renormalized transition rates that, however,\npreserve the entropy production of the original network. Our approach is\nillustrated and validated for a single driven particle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Configurational Continuum modelling of crystalline surface evolution: We propose a novel approach to continuum modelling of dynamics of crystal\nsurfaces. Our model follows the evolution of an ensemble of step\nconfigurations, which are consistent with the macroscopic surface profile.\nContrary to the usual approach where the continuum limit is achieved when\ntypical surface features consist of many steps, our continuum limit is\napproached when the number of step configurations of the ensemble is very\nlarge. The model is capable of handling singular surface structures such as\ncorners and facets and has a clear computational advantage over discrete\nmodels.",
        "positive": "Aging in lattice-gas models with constrained dynamics: We investigate the aging behavior of lattice-gas models with constrained\ndynamics in which particle exchange with a reservoir is allowed. Such models\nprovide a particularly simple interpretation of aging phenomena as a slow\napproach to criticality. They appear as the simplest three dimensional models\nexhibiting a glassy behavior similar to that of mean field (low temperature\nmode-coupling) models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface contribution to the anisotropy of magnetic nanoparticles: We calculate the contribution of the Neel surface anisotropy to the effective\nanisotropy of magnetic nanoparticles of spherical shape cut out of a simple\ncubic lattice. The effective anisotropy arises because deviations of atomic\nmagnetizations from collinearity and thus the energy depends on the orientation\nof the global magnetization. The result is second order in the Neel surface\nanisotropy, scales with the particle volume and has cubic symmetry with\npreferred directions [+-1,+-1,+-1].",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanical derivation of the second law of thermodynamics: In a macroscopic (quantum or classical) Hamiltonian system, we prove the\nsecond law of thermodynamics in the forms of the minimum work principle and the\nlaw of entropy increase, under the assumption that the initial state is\ndescribed by a general equilibrium distribution. Therefore the second law is a\nlogical necessity once we accept equilibrium statistical mechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probabilistic analysis of the phase space flow for linear programming: The phase space flow of a dynamical system leading to the solution of Linear\nProgramming (LP) problems is explored as an example of complexity analysis in\nan analog computation framework. An ensemble of LP problems with $n$ variables\nand $m$ constraints ($n>m$), where all elements of the vectors and matrices are\nnormally distributed is studied. The convergence time of a flow to the fixed\npoint representing the optimal solution is computed. The cumulative\ndistribution ${\\cal F}^{(n,m)}(\\Delta)$ of the convergence rate $\\Delta_{min}$\nto this point is calculated analytically, in the asymptotic limit of large\n$(n,m)$, in the framework of Random Matrix Theory. In this limit ${\\cal\nF}^{(n,m)}(\\Delta)$ is found to be a scaling function, namely it is a function\nof one variable that is a combination of $n$, $m$ and $\\Delta$ rather then a\nfunction of these three variables separately. From numerical simulations also\nthe distribution of the computation times is calculated and found to be a\nscaling function as well.",
        "positive": "Random Networks Tossing Biased Coins: In statistical mechanical investigations on complex networks, it is useful to\nemploy random graphs ensembles as null models, to compare with experimental\nrealizations. Motivated by transcription networks, we present here a simple way\nto generate an ensemble of random directed graphs with, asymptotically,\nscale-free outdegree and compact indegree. Entries in each row of the adjacency\nmatrix are set to be zero or one according to the toss of a biased coin, with a\nchosen probability distribution for the biases. This defines a quick and simple\nalgorithm, which yields good results already for graphs of size n ~ 100.\nPerhaps more importantly, many of the relevant observables are accessible\nanalytically, improving upon previous estimates for similar graphs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Perturbation Theory in a Microcanonical Ensemble: The microcanonical ensemble is a natural starting point of statistical\nmechanics. However, when it comes to perturbation theory in statistical\nmechanics, traditionally only the canonical and grand canonical ensembles have\nbeen used. In this article we show how the microcanonical ensemble can be\ndirectly used to carry out perturbation theory for both non-interacting and\ninteracting systems. We obtain the first non-trivial order answers for the\nspecific heat of anharmonic oscillators and for the virial expansion in real\ngases. They are in exact agreement with the results obtained from the canonical\nensemble. In addition, we show how crossover functions for the specific heat of\nanharmonic oscillators can be constructed using a microcanonical ensemble and\nalso how the subsequent terms of the virial expansion can be obtained. However,\nwe find that if we consider quantum free particles in a one-dimensional box of\nextension L, then the two ensembles give strikingly different answers for the\nfirst correction to the specific heat in the high temperature limit.",
        "positive": "Interface height fluctuations and surface tension of driven liquids with\n  time-dependent dynamics: Interfaces in phase-separated driven liquids are one example of how energy\ninput at the single-particle level changes the long-length-scale material\nproperties of nonequilibrium systems. Here, we measure interfacial fluctuations\nin simulations of two liquids driven by time-dependent forces, one with\nrepulsive interactions and one with attractive interactions. The time-dependent\nforces lead to currents along the interface, which can modify the scaling of\ninterface height fluctuations with respect to predictions from capillary wave\ntheory (CWT). We therefore characterize the whole spectrum of fluctuations to\ndetermine whether CWT applies. In the system with repulsive interactions, we\nfind that the interface fluctuations are well-described by CWT at one amplitude\nof the driving forces but not at others. In the system with attractive\ninteractions, they obey CWT for all amplitudes of driving, allowing us to\nextract an effective surface tension. The surface tension increases linearly\nover two orders of magnitude of the driving forces, more than doubling its\nequilibrium value. Our results show how the interfaces of nonequilibrium\nliquids with time-dependent forces are modified by energy input."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The random walk of an electrostatic field using parallel infinite\n  charged planes: We show that it is possible to generate a random walk with an electrostatic\nfield by means of several parallel infinite charged planes in which the surface\ncharge distribution could be either $\\pm\\sigma$. We formulate the problem of\nthis stochastic process by using a rate equation for the most probable value\nfor the electrostatic field subject to the appropriate transition probabilities\naccording to the electrostatic boundary conditions. Our model gives rise to a\nstochastic law when the charge distribution is not deterministic. The\nprobability distribution of the electrostatic field intensity, the mean value\nof the electrostatic force and the energy density are obtained.",
        "positive": "Anomalous Infiltration: Infiltration of anomalously diffusing particles from one material to another\nthrough a biased interface is studied using continuous time random walk and\nLevy walk approaches. Subdiffusion in both systems may lead to a net drift from\none material to another (e.g. <x(t)> > 0) even if particles eventually flow in\nthe opposite direction (e.g. number of particles in x>0 approaches zero). A\nweaker paradox is found for a symmetric interface: a flow of particles is\nobserved while the net drift is zero. For a subdiffusive sample coupled to a\nsuperdiffusive system we calculate the average occupation fractions and the\nscaling of the particles distribution. We find a net drift in this system,\nwhich is always directed to the superdiffusive material, while the particles\nflow to the material with smaller sub or superdiffusion exponent. We report the\nexponents of the first passage times distribution of Levy walks, which are\nneeded for the calculation of anomalous infiltration"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion and subdiffusion of interacting particles on comb-like\n  structures: We study the dynamics of a tracer particle (TP) on a comb lattice populated\nby randomly moving hard-core particles in the dense limit. We first consider\nthe case where the TP is constrained to move on the backbone of the comb only,\nand, in the limit of high density of particles, we present exact analytical\nresults for the cumulants of the TP position, showing a subdiffusive behavior\n$\\sim t^{3/4}$. At longer times, a second regime is observed, where standard\ndiffusion is recovered, with a surprising non analytical dependence of the\ndiffusion coefficient on the particle density. When the TP is allowed to visit\nthe teeth of the comb, based on a mean-field-like Continuous Time Random Walk\ndescription, we unveil a rich and complex scenario, with several successive\nsubdiffusive regimes, resulting from the coupling between the inhomogeneous\ncomb geometry and particle interactions. Remarkably, the presence of hard-core\ninteractions speeds up the TP motion along the backbone of the structure in all\nregimes.",
        "positive": "Testing Broken U(1) Symmetry in a Two-Component Atomic Bose-Einstein\n  Condensate: We present a scheme for determining if the quantum state of a small trapped\nBose-Einstein condensate is a state with well defined number of atoms, a Fock\nstate, or a state with a broken U(1) gauge symmetry, a coherent state. The\nproposal is based on the observation of Ramsey fringes. The population\ndifference observed in a Ramsey fringe experiment will exhibit collapse and\nrevivals due to the mean-field interactions. The collapse and revival times\ndepend on the relative strength of the mean-field interactions for the two\ncomponents and the initial quantum state of the condensate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium BBGKY Hierarchy from the Redfield Equation: A BBGKY-like hierarchy is derived from the non-equilibrium Redfield equation.\nTwo further approximations are introduced and each can be used to truncate and\nsolve the hierarchy. In the first approximation such a truncation is performed\nby replacing two-particle Green's functions (GFs) in the hierarchy by their\nvalues at equilibrium. The second method is developed based on the cluster\nexpansion, which constructs two-particle GFs from one-particle GFs and neglects\nthe correlation part. A non-equilibrium Wick's Theorem is proved to provide a\nbasis for this non-equilibrium cluster expansion. Using those two\napproximations, our method of solving the Redfield equation, for instance, of\nan N-site chain of interacting spinless fermions, involves an eigenvalue\nproblem with dimension $2^{N}$ and a linear system with dimension $N^2$ in the\nfirst case, and a nonlinear equation with dimension $N^2$ in the second case,\nwhich can be solved iteratively via a sequence of $N^2$ linear systems. Other\ncurrently available direct methods correspond to a linear system or an\neigenvalue system with dimension $4^N$ plus an eigenvalue system with dimension\n$2^N$. As a test of the methods, for small systems with size N=4, results are\nfound to be consistent with results made available by other direct methods.\nAlthough not discussed here, extending both methods to their next levels is\nstraightforward. This indicates a promising potential for this BBGKY-like\napproach of non-equilibrium kinetic equations.",
        "positive": "Nanoscale Dynamics of Phase Flipping in Water near its Hypothesized\n  Liquid-Liquid Critical Point: Achieving a coherent understanding of the many thermodynamic and dynamic\nanomalies of water is among the most important unsolved puzzles in physics,\nchemistry, and biology. One hypothesized explanation imagines the existence of\na line of first order phase transitions separating two liquid phases and\nterminating at a novel \"liquid-liquid\" critical point in a region of low\ntemperature ($T \\approx 250 \\rm{K}$) and high pressure ($P \\approx 200\n\\rm{MPa}$). Here we analyze a common model of water, the ST2 model, and find\nthat the entire system flips between liquid states of high and low density.\nFurther, we find that in the critical region crystallites melt on a time scale\nof nanoseconds. We perform a finite-size scaling analysis that accurately\nlocates both the liquid-liquid coexistence line and its associated\nliquid-liquid critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluids of platelike particles near a hard wall: Fluids consisting of hard platelike particles near a hard wall are\ninvestigated using density functional theory. The density and orientational\nprofiles as well as the surface tension and the excess coverage are determined\nand compared with those of a fluid of rodlike particles. Even for low densities\nslight orientational packing effects are found for the platelet fluid due to\nlarger intermolecular interactions between platelets as compared with those\nbetween rods. A net depletion of platelets near the wall is exhibited by the\nexcess coverage, whereas a change of sign of the excess coverage of hard-rod\nfluids is found upon increasing the bulk density.",
        "positive": "Efficient Irreversible Monte Carlo samplers: We present here two irreversible Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for\ngeneral discrete state systems, one of the algorithms is based on the\nrandom-scan Gibbs sampler for discrete states and the other on its improved\nversion, the Metropolized-Gibbs sampler. The algorithms we present incorporate\nthe lifting framework with skewed detailed balance condition and construct\nirreversible Markov chains that satisfy the balance condition. We have applied\nour algorithms to 1D 4-state Potts model. The integrated autocorrelation times\nfor magnetisation and energy density indicate a reduction of the dynamical\nscaling exponent from $z \\approx 1$ to $z \\approx 1/2$. In addition, we have\ngeneralized an irreversible Metropolis-Hastings algorithm with skewed detailed\nbalance, initially introduced by Turitsyn et al. (2011) for the mean field\nIsing model, to be now readily applicable to classical spin systems in general;\napplication to 1D 4-state Potts model indicate a square root reduction of the\nmixing time at high temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Zone edge focused two-phonon processes in He atom scattering from a\n  simple prototype system: Xe(111): We present a theoretical analysis of the multiphonon features appearing in\nthe angular and energy resolved scattering spectra of low energy He atoms\ninelastically scattered from surface phonons. By applying the recently\ndeveloped fully quantum multiphonon scattering formalism to the benchmark\nsystem Xe(111) we are able to reproduce with great accuracy the experimental\ndata and also demonstrate how in the transition from a single- to a few- to a\nmultiphonon scattering regime the one- and the many-phonon components of the\nscattering spectra evolve as the mean number of exchanged phonons increases\nwith the increase of He atom incident energy. We show how the two-phonon\nprocesses may give rise to distinct peaks in the scattering spectrum as a\nresult of the zone edge focusing effects and how the many-phonon features may\nstill produce a structured background before the true multiphonon limit\ncharacterised by a Gaussian spectral shape is reached. These findings should\nprove useful in the interpretation of multiphonon He atom scattering spectra\nfrom other systems with similar surface vibrational properties.",
        "positive": "First passage time distribution for a random walker on a random forcing\n  energy landscape: We present an analytical approximation scheme for the first passage time\ndistribution on a finite interval of a random walker on a random forcing energy\nlandscape. The approximation scheme captures the behavior of the distribution\nover all timescales in the problem. The results are carefully checked against\nnumerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The multi-fractal structure of contrast changes in natural images: from\n  sharp edges to textures: We present a formalism that leads very naturally to a hierarchical\ndescription of the different contrast structures in images, providing precise\ndefinitions of sharp edges and other texture components. Within this formalism,\nwe achieve a decomposition of pixels of the image in sets, the fractal\ncomponents of the image, such that each set only contains points characterized\nby a fixed stregth of the singularity of the contrast gradient in its\nneighborhood. A crucial role in this description of images is played by the\nbehavior of contrast differences under changes in scale. Contrary to naive\nscaling ideas where the image is thought to have uniform transformation\nproperties \\cite{Fie87}, each of these fractal components has its own\ntransformation law and scaling exponents. A conjecture on their biological\nrelevance is also given.",
        "positive": "Macroscopic Diffusive Transport in a Microscopically Integrable\n  Hamiltonian System: We demonstrate that a completely integrable classical mechanical model,\nnamely the lattice Landau-Lifshitz classical spin chain, supports diffusive\nspin transport with a finite diffusion constant in the easy-axis regime, while\nin the easy-plane regime it displays ballistic transport in the absence of any\nknown relevant local or quasi-local constant of motion in the symmetry sector\nof the spin current. This surprising finding should open the way towards\nanalytical computation of diffusion constants for integrable interacting\nsystems and hints on existence of new quasi-local classical conservation laws\nbeyond the standard soliton theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Average Entropy of a Subsystem from its Average Tsallis Entropy: In the nonextensive Tsallis scenario, Page's conjecture for the average\nentropy of a subsystem[Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 71}, 1291(1993)] as well as its\ndemonstration are generalized, i.e., when a pure quantum system, whose Hilbert\nspace dimension is $mn$, is considered, the average Tsallis entropy of an\n$m$-dimensional subsystem is obtained. This demonstration is expected to be\nuseful to study systems where the usual entropy does not give satisfactory\nresults.",
        "positive": "Determination of the nearest-neighbor interaction in VO$_2$ via fractal\n  dimension analysis: The Ising model is one of the simplest and most well-established concepts to\nsimulate phase transformations in complex materials. However, its most central\nconstant, the interaction strength J between two nearest neighbors, is hard to\nobtain. Here we show how this basic constant can be determined with a fractal\ndimension analysis of measured domain structures. We apply this approach to\nvanadium dioxide, a strongly correlated material with a first-order\ninsulator-to-metal phase-transition with enigmatic properties. We obtain a\nnearest-neighbor interaction of 13.8 meV, a value close to the thermal energy\nat room temperature. Consequently, even far below the transition temperature,\nthere are spontaneous local phase-flips from the insulating into the metallic\nphase. These fluctuations explain several measured anomalies in VO$_2$, in\nparticular the low thermal carrier activation energy and the finite\nconductivity of the insulating phase. As a method, our fractal dimension\nanalysis links the Ising model to macroscopic material constants for almost any\nfirst-order phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical descriptions of nonlinear systems at the onset of chaos: Ensemble of initial conditions for nonlinear maps can be described in terms\nof entropy. This ensemble entropy shows an asymptotic linear growth with rate\nK. The rate K matches the logarithm of the corresponding asymptotic sensitivity\nto initial conditions \\lambda. The statistical formalism and the equality\nK=\\lambda can be extended to weakly chaotic systems by suitable and\ncorresponding generalizations of the logarithm and of the entropy. Using the\nlogistic map as a test case we consider a wide class of deformed statistical\ndescription which includes Tsallis, Abe and Kaniadakis proposals. The physical\ncriterion of finite-entropy growth K strongly restricts the suitable entropies.\nWe study how large is the region in parameter space where the generalized\ndescription is useful.",
        "positive": "Emergent invariance and scaling properties in the collective return\n  dynamics of a stock market: Several works have observed heavy-tailed behavior in the distributions of\nreturns in different markets, which are observable indicators of underlying\ncomplex dynamics. Such prior works study return distributions that are\nmarginalized across the individual stocks in the market, and do not track\nstatistics about the joint distributions of returns conditioned on different\nstocks, which would be useful for optimizing inter-stock asset allocation\nstrategies. As a step towards this goal, we study emergent phenomena in the\ndistributions of returns as captured by their pairwise correlations. In\nparticular, we consider the pairwise (between stocks $i,j$) partial\ncorrelations of returns with respect to the market mode, $c_{i,j}(\\tau)$,\n(thus, correcting for the baseline return behavior of the market), over\ndifferent time horizons ($\\tau$), and discover two novel emergent phenomena:\n(i) the standardized distributions of the $c_{i,j}(\\tau)$'s are observed to be\ninvariant of $\\tau$ ranging from from $1000 \\textrm{min}$ (2.5 days) to $30000\n\\textrm{min}$ (2.5 months); (ii) the scaling of the standard deviation of\n$c_{i,j}(\\tau)$'s with $\\tau$ admits \\iffalse within this regime is empirically\nobserved to \\fi good fits to simple model classes such as a power-law\n$\\tau^{-\\lambda}$ or stretched exponential function $e^{-\\tau^\\beta}$\n($\\lambda,\\beta > 0$). Moreover, the parameters governing these fits provide a\nsummary view of market health: for instance, in years marked by unprecedented\nfinancial crises -- for example $2008$ and $2020$ -- values of $\\lambda$\n(scaling exponent) are substantially lower. Finally, we demonstrate that the\nobserved emergent behavior cannot be adequately supported by existing\ngenerative frameworks such as single- and multi-factor models. We introduce a\npromising agent-based Vicsek model that closes this gap."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "L\u00e9vy noise-driven escape from arctan potential wells: The escape from a potential well is an archetypal problem in the study of\nstochastic dynamical systems, representing real-world situations from chemical\nreactions to leaving an established home range in movement ecology.\nConcurrently, L{\\'e}vy noise is a well-established approach to model systems\ncharacterized by statistical outliers and diverging higher-order moments,\nranging from gene expression control to the movement patterns of animals and\nhumans. Here, we study the problem of L\\'evy noise-driven escape from an almost\nrectangular, arctan potential well restricted by two absorbing boundaries. We\nunveil analogies of the observed transient dynamics to the general properties\nof stationary states of L{\\'e}vy processes in single-well potentials. The first\nescape dynamics is shown to exhibit exponential tails. We examine the\ndependence of the escape on the shape parameters, steepness and height, of the\narctan potential. Finally, we explore in detail the behavior of the probability\ndensities of the first-escape time and the last-hitting point.",
        "positive": "Interacting particles in a periodically moving potential: Traveling wave\n  and transport: We study a system of interacting particles in a periodically moving external\npotential, within the simplest possible description of paradigmatic symmetric\nexclusion process on a ring. The model describes diffusion of hardcore\nparticles where the diffusion dynamics is locally modified at a uniformly\nmoving defect site, mimicking the effect of the periodically moving external\npotential. The model, though simple, exhibits remarkably rich features in\nparticle transport, such as polarity reversal and double peaks in particle\ncurrent upon variation of defect velocity and particle density. By tuning these\nvariables, the most efficient transport can be achieved in either direction\nalong the ring. These features can be understood in terms of a traveling\ndensity wave propagating in the system. Our results could be experimentally\ntested, e.g., in a system of colloidal particles driven by a moving optical\ntweezer."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian particles in periodic potentials: coarse-graining versus fine\n  structure: We study the motion of an overdamped particle connected to a thermal heat\nbath in the presence of an external periodic potential in one dimension. When\nwe coarse-grain, i.e., bin the particle positions using bin sizes that are\nlarger than the periodicity of the potential, the packet of spreading\nparticles, all starting from a common origin, converges to a normal\ndistribution centered at the origin with a mean-squared displacement that grows\nas $2 D^* t$, with an effective diffusion constant that is smaller than that of\na freely diffusing particle. We examine the interplay between this\ncoarse-grained description and the fine structure of the density, which is\ngiven by the Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) factor $e^{-V(x)/k_B T}$, the latter being\nnon-normalizable. We explain this result and construct a theory of observables\nusing the Fokker-Planck equation. These observables are classified as those\nthat are related to the BG fine structure, like the energy or occupation times,\nwhile others, like the positional moments, for long times, converge to those of\nthe large-scale description. Entropy falls into a special category as it has a\ncoarse-grained and a fine structure description. The basic thermodynamic\nformula $F=TS - E$ is extended to this far-from-equilibrium system. The ergodic\nproperties are also studied using tools from infinite ergodic theory.",
        "positive": "Scaling of Self-Avoiding Walks in High Dimensions: We examine self-avoiding walks in dimensions 4 to 8 using high-precision\nMonte-Carlo simulations up to length N=16384, providing the first such results\nin dimensions $d > 4$ on which we concentrate our analysis. We analyse the\nscaling behaviour of the partition function and the statistics of\nnearest-neighbour contacts, as well as the average geometric size of the walks,\nand compare our results to $1/d$-expansions and to excellent rigorous bounds\nthat exist. In particular, we obtain precise values for the connective\nconstants, $\\mu_5=8.838544(3)$, $\\mu_6=10.878094(4)$, $\\mu_7=12.902817(3)$,\n$\\mu_8=14.919257(2)$ and give a revised estimate of $\\mu_4=6.774043(5)$. All of\nthese are by at least one order of magnitude more accurate than those\npreviously given (from other approaches in $d>4$ and all approaches in $d=4$).\nOur results are consistent with most theoretical predictions, though in $d=5$\nwe find clear evidence of anomalous $N^{-1/2}$-corrections for the scaling of\nthe geometric size of the walks, which we understand as a non-analytic\ncorrection to scaling of the general form $N^{(4-d)/2}$ (not present in pure\nGaussian random walks)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-curvature scaling in optical lattice systems: We address the problem posed by the inhomogeneous trapping fields when using\nultracold fermions to simulate strongly correlated electrons. As a starting\npoint, we calculate the density of states for a single atom. Using\nsemiclassical arguments, we show that this can be made to evolve smoothly\ntowards the desired limit by varying the curvature of the field profile.\nImplications for mutually interacting atoms in such potentials are briefly\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Phase-fluctuating 3D condensates in elongated traps: We find that in very elongated 3D trapped Bose gases, even at temperatures\nfar below the BEC transition temperature Tc, the equilibrium state will be a 3D\ncondensate with fluctuating phase (quasicondensate). At sufficiently low\ntemperatures the phase fluctuations are suppressed and the quasicondensate\nturns into a true condensate. The presence of the phase fluctuations allows for\nextending thermometry of Bose-condensed gases well below those established in\ncurrent experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantifying the non-ergodicity of scaled Brownian motion: We examine the non-ergodic properties of scaled Brownian motion, a\nnon-stationary stochastic process with a time dependent diffusivity of the form\n$D(t)\\simeq t^{\\alpha-1}$. We compute the ergodicity breaking parameter EB in\nthe entire range of scaling exponents $\\alpha$, both analytically and via\nextensive computer simulations of the stochastic Langevin equation. We\ndemonstrate that in the limit of long trajectory lengths $T$ and short lag\ntimes $\\Delta$ the EB parameter as function of the scaling exponent $\\alpha$\nhas no divergence at $\\alpha=1/2$ and present the asymptotes for EB in\ndifferent limits. We generalise the analytical and simulations results for the\ntime averaged and ergodic properties of scaled Brownian motion in the presence\nof ageing, that is, when the observation of the system starts only a finite\ntime span after its initiation. The approach developed here for the calculation\nof the higher time averaged moments of the particle displacement can be applied\nto derive the ergodic properties of other stochastic processes such as\nfractional Brownian motion.",
        "positive": "A Path Integral Approach to Derivative Security Pricing: I. Formalism\n  and Analytical Results: We use a path integral approach for solving the stochastic equations\nunderlying the financial markets, and we show the equivalence between the path\nintegral and the usual SDE and PDE methods. We analyze both the one-dimensional\nand the multi-dimensional cases, with point dependent drift and volatility, and\ndescribe a covariant formulation which allows general changes of variables.\nFinally we apply the method to some economic models with analytical solutions.\nIn particular, we evaluate the expectation value of functionals which\ncorrespond to quantities of financial interest."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Compact polymers on decorated square lattices: A Hamiltonian cycle of a graph is a closed path that visits every vertex once\nand only once. It serves as a model of a compact polymer on a lattice. I study\nthe number of Hamiltonian cycles, or equivalently the entropy of a compact\npolymer, on various lattices that are not homogeneous but with a sublattice\nstructure. Estimates for the number are obtained by two methods. One is the\nsaddle point approximation for a field theoretic representation. The other is\nthe numerical diagonalization of the transfer matrix of a fully packed loop\nmodel in the zero fugacity limit. In the latter method, several scaling\nexponents are also obtained.",
        "positive": "Hard-wall Potential Function for Transport Properties of Alkali Metals\n  Vapor: This study demonstrates that the transport properties of alkali metals are\ndetermined principally by the repulsive wall of the pair interaction potential\nfunction. The (hard-wall) Lennard-Jones(15-6) effective pair potential function\nis used to calculate transport collision integrals. Accordingly, reduced\ncollision integrals of K, Rb, and Cs metal vapors are obtained from\nChapman-Enskog solution of the Boltzman equation. The law of corresponding\nstates based on the experimental-transport reduced collision integral is used\nto verify the validity of a LJ(15-6) hybrid potential in describing the\ntransport properties. LJ(8.5-4) potential function and a simple thermodynamic\nargument with the input PVT data of liquid metals provide the required\nmolecular potential parameters. Values of the predicted viscosity of monatomic\nalkali metals vapor are in agreement with typical experimental data with the\naverage absolute deviation 2.97% for K in the range 700-1500 K, 1.69% for Rb,\nand 1.75% for Cs in the range 700-2000 K. In the same way, the values of\npredicted thermal conductivity are in agreement with experiment within 2.78%,\n3.25%, and 3.63% for K, Rb, and Cs, respectively. The LJ(15-6) hybrid potential\nwith a hard-wall repulsion character conclusively predicts best transport\nproperties of the three alkali metals vapor."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of the frustrated $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg ferromagnet on\n  the body-centered cubic lattice with arbitrary spin: We use the spin-rotation-invariant Green's function method as well as the\nhigh-temperature expansion to discuss the thermodynamic properties of the\nfrustrated spin-$S$ $J_{1}$-$J_{2}$ Heisenberg magnet on the body-centered\ncubic lattice. We consider ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor bonds $J_1 < 0$ and\nantiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor bonds $J_2 \\ge 0$ and arbitrary spin\n$S$. We find that the transition point $J_2^c$ between the ferromagnetic ground\nstate and the antiferromagnetic one is nearly independent of the spin $S$,\ni.e., it is very close to the classical transition point $J_2^{c,{\\rm clas}}=\n\\frac{2}{3}|J_1|$. At finite temperatures we focus on the parameter regime\n$J_2<J_2^c$ with a ferromagnetic ground-state. We calculate the Curie\ntemperature $T_{C}(S,J_{2})$ and derive an empirical formula describing the\ninfluence of the frustration parameter $J_{2}$ and spin $S$ on $T_C$. We find\nthat the Curie temperature monotonically decreases with increasing frustration\n$J_2$, where very close to $J_2^{c,{\\rm clas}}$ the $T_C(J_2)$-curve exhibits a\nfast decay which is well described by a logarithmic term\n$1/\\textrm{log}(\\frac{2}{3}|J_1|-J_{2})$. To characterize the magnetic ordering\nbelow and above $T_C$, we calculate the spin-spin correlation functions\n$\\langle {\\bf S}_{\\bf 0} {\\bf S}_{\\bf R} \\rangle$, the spontaneous\nmagnetization, the uniform static susceptibility $\\chi_0$ as well as the\ncorrelation length $\\xi$. Moreover, we discuss the specific heat $C_V$ and the\ntemperature dependence of the excitation spectrum. As approaching the\ntransition point $J_2^c$ some unusual features were found, such as negative\nspin-spin correlations at temperatures above $T_C$ even though the ground state\nis ferromagnetic or an increase of the spin stiffness with growing temperature.",
        "positive": "Momentum distribution and correlation for a free scalar field in the\n  Tsallis nonextensive statistics based on density operator: We derived the expression of the normalized $q$-expectation value based on\nthe density operator to the order $1-q$ with the physical temperature in the\nTsallis nonextensive statistics of entropic parameter $q$. With the derived\nexpression of the normalized $q$-expectation value, we calculated the momentum\ndistribution and the correlation to the order $1-q$ as functions of the inverse\nphysical temperature for a free scalar field. To the order $1-q$, the momentum\ndistribution derived by using the density operator coincides with the momentum\ndistribution derived from the entropic measure described with the distribution,\nwhen the physical temperature equals the temperature in the distribution\nderived from the entropic measure. The correlation depends on the momentums for\n$q \\neq 1$. The factor two appears in the correlation for the same momentums,\nand indicates that the effects of boson at $q \\neq 1$ and those at $q=1$ are\nsimilar for the correlation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production for diffusion processes across a semipermeable\n  interface: The emerging field of stochastic thermodynamics extends classical ideas of\nentropy, heat and work to non-equilibrium systems. One notable finding is that\nthe second law of thermodynamics typically only holds after taking appropriate\naverages with respect to an ensemble of stochastic trajectories. The resulting\naverage rate of entropy production then quantifies the degree of departure from\nthermodynamic equilibrium. In this paper we investigate how the presence of a\nsemipermeable interface increases the average entropy production of a single\ndiffusing particle. Starting from the Gibbs-Shannon entropy for the particle\nprobability density, we show that a semipermeable interface or membrane $\\calS$\nincreases the average rate of entropy production by an amount that is equal to\nthe product of the flux through the interface and the logarithm of the ratio of\nthe probability density on either side of the interface, integrated along\n$\\calS$. The entropy production rate thus vanishes at thermodynamic\nequilibrium, but can be nonzero during the relaxation to equilibrium, or if\nthere exists a nonzero stationary equilibrium state (NESS). We illustrate the\nlatter using the example of diffusion with stochastic resetting on a circle,\nand show that the average rate of interfacial entropy production is a\nnonmonotonic function of the resetting rate and the permeability. Finally, we\ngive a probabilistic interpretation of the interfacial entropy production rate\nusing so-called snapping out Brownian motion. This also allows us to construct\na stochastic version of entropy production.",
        "positive": "A note on the connection between non-additive entropy and $h$-derivative: In order to study as a whole a wide part of entropy measures, we introduce a\ntwo-parameter non-extensive entropic form with respect to the $h$-derivative,\nwhich generalizes the conventional Newton--Leibniz calculus. This new entropy,\n$S_{h,h'}$, is proved to describe the non-extensive systems and recover several\ntypes of well-known non-extensive entropic expressions, such as the Tsallis\nentropy, the Abe entropy, the Shafee entropy, the Kaniadakis entropy and even\nthe classical Boltzmann--Gibbs one. As a generalized entropy, its corresponding\nproperties are also analyzed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Physically optimizing inference: Data is scaling exponentially in fields ranging from genomics to neuroscience\nto economics. A central question is: can modern machine learning methods be\napplied to construct predictive models of natural systems like cells and brains\nbased on large data sets? In this paper, we examine how inference is impacted\nwhen training data is generated by the statistical behavior of a physical\nsystem, and hence outside direct control by the experimentalist. We develop an\ninformation-theoretic analysis for the canonical problem of spin-network\ninference. Our analysis reveals the essential role that the physical properties\nof the spin network and its environment play in determining the difficulty of\nthe underlying machine learning problem. Specifically, stochastic fluctuations\ndrive a system to explore a range of configurations providing `raw' information\nfor a learning algorithm to construct an accurate model; yet they also blur\nenergetic differences between network states and thereby degrade information.\nThis competition leads spin networks to generically have an intrinsic optimal\ntemperature at which stochastic spin fluctuations provide maximal information\nfor discriminating among competing models, maximizing inference efficiency. We\ndemonstrate a simple active learning protocol that optimizes network\ntemperature to boost inference efficiency and dramatically increases the\nefficiency of inference on a neural circuit reconstruction task. Our results\nreveal a fundamental link between physics and information and show how the\nphysical environment can be tuned to optimize the efficiency of machine\nlearning.",
        "positive": "Quantum counterpart of energy equipartition theorem for fermionic\n  systems: In this brief report, following the recent developments on formulating a\nquantum analogue of the classical energy equipartition theorem for open systems\nwhere the heat bath comprises of independent oscillators, i.e. bosonic degrees\nof freedom, we present an analogous result for fermionic systems. The most\ngeneral case where the system is connected to multiple reservoirs is considered\nand the mean energy in the steady state is expressed as an integral over the\nreservoir frequencies. Physically this would correspond to summing over the\ncontributions of the bath degrees of freedom to the mean energy of the system\nover a suitable distribution function $\\rho(\\omega)$ dependent on the system\nparameters. This result holds for nonequilibrium steady states, even in the\nnonlinear regime far from equilibrium. We also analyze the zero temperature\nbehaviour and low temperature corrections to the mean energy of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Designed-walk replica-exchange method for simulations of complex systems: We propose a new implementation of the replica-exchange method (REM) in which\nreplicas follow a pre-planned route in temperature space instead of a random\nwalk. Our method satisfies the detailed balance condition in the proposed\nroute. The method forces tunneling events between the highest and lowest\ntemperatures to happen with an almost constant period. The number of tunneling\ncounts is proportional to that of the random-walk REM multiplied by the square\nroot of moving distance in temperature space. We applied this new\nimplementation to two kinds of REM and compared the results with those of the\nconventional random-walk REM. The test system was a two-dimensional Ising\nmodel, and our new method reproduced the results of the conventional\nrandom-walk REM and improved the tunneling counts by three times or more than\nthat of the random-walk REM.",
        "positive": "Relieving the fermionic and the dynamical sign problem: Multilevel\n  Blocking Monte Carlo simulations: This article gives an introduction to the multilevel blocking (MLB) approach\nto both the fermion and the dynamical sign problem in path-integral Monte Carlo\nsimulations. MLB is able to substantially relieve the sign problem in many\nsituations. Besides an exposition of the method, its accuracy and several\npotential pitfalls are discussed, providing guidelines for the proper choice of\ncertain MLB parameters. Simulation results are shown for strongly interacting\nelectrons in a 2D parabolic quantum dot, the real-time dynamics of several\nsimple model systems, and the dissipative two-state dynamics (spin-boson\nproblem)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Introducing iFluid: a numerical framework for solving hydrodynamical\n  equations in integrable models: We present an open-source Matlab framework, titled iFluid, for simulating the\ndynamics of integrable models using the theory of generalized hydrodynamics\n(GHD). The framework provides an intuitive interface, enabling users to define\nand solve problems in a few lines of code. Moreover, iFluid can be extended to\nencompass any integrable model, and the algorithms for solving the GHD\nequations can be fully customized. We demonstrate how to use iFluid by solving\nthe dynamics of three distinct systems: (i) The quantum Newton's cradle of the\nLieb-Liniger model, (ii) a gradual field release in the XXZ-chain, and (iii) a\npartitioning protocol in the relativistic sinh-Gordon model.",
        "positive": "Point-to-set lengths, local structure, and glassiness: The growing sluggishness of glass-forming liquids is thought to be\naccompanied by growing structural order. The nature of such order, however,\nremains hotly debated. A decade ago, point-to-set (PTS) correlation lengths\nwere proposed as measures of amorphous order in glass formers, but recent\nresults raise doubts as to their generality. Here, we extend the definition of\nPTS correlations to agnostically capture any type of growing order in liquids,\nbe it local or amorphous. This advance enables the formulation of a clear\ndistinction between slowing down due to conventional critical ordering and that\ndue to glassiness, and provides a unified framework to assess the relative\nimportance of specific local order and generic amorphous order in glass\nformation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Logarithmic speed-up of relaxation in A-B annihilation with exclusion: We show that the decay of the density of active particles in the reaction\n$A+B \\rightarrow 0$ in one dimension, with exclusion interaction, results in\nlogarithmic corrections to the expected power law decay, when the starting\ninitial condition (i.c.) is periodic. It is well-known that the late-time\ndensity of surviving particles goes as $t^{-1/4}$ with random initial\nconditions, and as $t^{-1/2}$ with alternating initial conditions\n($ABABAB$...). We show that the decay for periodic i.c.s made of longer blocks\n($A^{n}B^{n}A^{n}B^{n}$...) do not show a pure power-law decay when $n$ is\neven. By means of first-passage Monte Carlo simulations, and a mapping to a\nq-state coarsening model which can be solved in the Independent Interval\nApproximation (IIA), we show that the late-time decay of the density of\nsurviving particles goes as $t^{-1/2}(\\log{(t)})^{-1}$ for $n$ even, but as\n$t^{-1/2}$ when $n$ is odd. We relate this kinetic symmetry breaking in the\nGlauber Ising model. We also see a very slow crossover from a\n$t^{-1/2}(\\log{(t)})^{-1}$ regime to eventual $t^{-1/2}$ behaviour for i.c.s\nmade of mixtures of odd- and even-length blocks.",
        "positive": "A critical test of the mode-coupling theory of the glass transition: The mode-coupling theory of the glass transition predicts the time evolution\nof the intermediate scattering functions in viscous liquids on the sole basis\nof the structural information encoded in two-point density correlations. We\nprovide a critical test of this property and show that the theory fails to\ndescribe the qualitatively distinct dynamical behavior obtained in two model\nliquids characterized by very similar pair correlation functions. Because we\nuse `exact' static information provided by numerical simulations, our results\nare a direct proof that some important information about the dynamics of\nviscous liquids is not captured by pair correlations, and is thus not described\nby the mode-coupling theory, even in the temperature regime where the theory is\nusually applied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Record statistics for a discrete-time random walk with correlated steps: The characterization of record events is considered for a discrete-time\nrandom walk model with long-term memory arising from correlations between\nsuccessive steps. An important feature is that the correlations are strong\nenough to give rise to super-diffusivity and transience. Various quantities\nrelated to record statistics are calculated exactly, highlighting important\ndifferences in behaviour from the simple random walk with independent steps.",
        "positive": "Critical wetting of a class of nonequilibrium interfaces: A computer\n  simulation study: Critical wetting transitions under nonequilibrium conditions are studied\nnumerically and analytically by means of an interface-displacement model\ndefined by a Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation, plus some extra terms representing a\nlimiting, short-ranged attractive wall. Its critical behavior is characterized\nin detail by providing a set of exponents for both the average height and the\nsurface order-parameter in one dimension. The emerging picture is qualitatively\nand quantitatively different from recently reported mean-field predictions for\nthe same problem. Evidence is shown that the presence of the attractive wall\ninduces an anomalous scaling of the interface local slopes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions in a mechanical system coupled to Glauber spins: A harmonic oscillator linearly coupled with a linear chain of Ising spins is\ninvestigated. The $N$ spins in the chain interact with their nearest neighbours\nwith a coupling constant proportional to the oscillator position and to\n$N^{-1/2}$, are in contact with a thermal bath at temperature $T$, and evolve\nunder Glauber dynamics. The oscillator position is a stochastic process due to\nthe oscillator-spin interaction which produces drastic changes in the\nequilibrium behaviour and the dynamics of the oscillator. Firstly, there is a\nsecond order phase transition at a critical temperature $T_c$ whose order\nparameter is the oscillator stable rest position: this position is zero above\n$T_c$ and different from zero below $T_c$. This transition appears because the\noscillator moves in an effective potential equal to the harmonic term plus the\nfree energy of the spin system at fixed oscillator position. Secondly, assuming\nfast spin relaxation (compared to the oscillator natural period), the\noscillator dynamical behaviour is described by an effective equation containing\na nonlinear friction term that drives the oscillator towards the stable\nequilibrium state of the effective potential. The analytical results are\ncompared with numerical simulation throughout the paper.",
        "positive": "Duality and Form Factors in the Thermally Deformed Two-Dimensional\n  Tricritical Ising Model: The thermal deformation of the critical point action of the 2D tricritical\nIsing model gives rise to an exact scattering theory with seven massive\nexcitations based on the exceptional $E_7$ Lie algebra. The high and low\ntemperature phases of this model are related by duality. This duality\nguarantees that the leading and sub-leading magnetisation operators,\n$\\sigma(x)$ and $\\sigma'(x)$, in either phase are accompanied by associated\ndisorder operators, $\\mu(x)$ and $\\mu'(x)$. Working specifically in the high\ntemperature phase, we write down the sets of bootstrap equations for these four\noperators. For $\\sigma(x)$ and $\\sigma'(x)$, the equations are identical in\nform and are parameterised by the values of the one-particle form factors of\nthe two lightest $\\mathbb{Z}_2$ odd particles. Similarly, the equations for\n$\\mu(x)$ and $\\mu'(x)$ have identical form and are parameterised by two\nelementary form factors. Using the clustering property, we show that these four\nsets of solutions are eventually not independent; instead, the parameters of\nthe solutions for $\\sigma(x)/\\sigma'(x)$ are fixed in terms of those for\n$\\mu(x)/\\mu'(x)$. We use the truncated conformal space approach to confirm\nnumerically the derived expressions of the matrix elements as well as the\nvalidity of the $\\Delta$-sum rule as applied to the off-critical correlators.\nWe employ the derived form factors of the order and disorder operators to\ncompute the exact dynamical structure factors of the theory, a set of\nquantities with a rich spectroscopy which may be directly tested in future\ninelastic neutron or Raman scattering experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Operator formalism for topology-conserving crossing dynamics in planar\n  knot diagrams: We address here the topological equivalence of knots through the so-called\nReidemeister moves. These topology-conserving manipulations are recast into\ndynamical rules on the crossings of knot diagrams. This is presented in terms\nof a simple graphical representation related to the Gauss code of knots.\nDrawing on techniques for reaction-diffusion systems, we then develop\ndidactically an operator formalism wherein these rules for crossing dynamics\nare encoded. {The aim is to develop new tools for studying dynamical behaviour\nand regimes in the presence of topology conservation}. This necessitates the\nintroduction of composite paulionic operators. The formalism is applied to\ncalculate some differential equations for {the time evolution} of densities and\ncorrelators of crossings, subject to topology-conserving stochastic dynamics.\n{We consider here the simplified situation of two-dimensional knot projections.\nHowever, we hope that this is a first valuable step towards} addressing a\nnumber of important questions regarding the role of topological constraints\n{and specifically of topology conservation} in dynamics through a variety of\nsolution and approximation schemes. Further applicability arises in the context\nof the simulated annealing of knots. The methods presented here depart\nsignificantly from the invariant-based path integral descriptions often applied\nin polymer systems, {and, in our view, offer a fresh perspective on} the\nconservation of topological states and topological equivalence in knots.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of a generalized ABC model on the interval: We study the equilibrium phase diagram of a generalized ABC model on an\ninterval of the one-dimensional lattice: each site $i=1,...,N$ is occupied by a\nparticle of type $\\a=A,B,C,$ with the average density of each particle species\n$N_\\a/N=r_\\a$ fixed. These particles interact via a mean field\nnon-reflection-symmetric pair interaction. The interaction need not be\ninvariant under cyclic permutation of the particle species as in the standard\nABC model studied earlier. We prove in some cases and conjecture in others that\nthe scaled infinite system $N\\rw\\infty$, $i/N\\rw x\\in[0,1]$ has a unique\ndensity profile $\\p_\\a(x)$ except for some special values of the $r_\\a$ for\nwhich the system undergoes a second order phase transition from a uniform to a\nnonuniform periodic profile at a critical temperature $T_c=3\\sqrt{r_A r_B\nr_C}/2\\pi$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Isometric fluctuation relations for equilibrium states with broken\n  symmetry: We derive a set of isometric fluctuation relations, which constrain the order\nparameter fluctuations in finite-size systems at equilibrium and in the\npresence of a broken symmetry. These relations are exact and should apply\ngenerally to many condensed-matter physics systems. Here, we establish these\nrelations for magnetic systems and nematic liquid crystals in a\nsymmetry-breaking external field, and we illustrate them on the Curie-Weiss and\nthe $XY$ models. Our relations also have implications for spontaneous symmetry\nbreaking, which are discussed.",
        "positive": "A Novel Quantum Transition in a Fully Frustrated Transverse Ising\n  Antiferromagnet: We consider a long-range Ising antiferromagnet (LRIAF) put in a transverse\nfield. Applying quantum Monte Carlo method, we study the variation of order\nparameter (spin correlation in Trotter time direction), susceptibility and\naverage energy of the system for various values of the transverse field at\ndifferent temperatures. The antiferromagnetic order is seen to get immediately\nbroken as soon as the thermal or quantum fluctuations are added. We also\ndiscuss the phase diagram for the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model with the\nsame LRIAF bias, also in presence of a transverse field. We find that while the\nantiferromagnetic order is immediately broken as one adds an infinitesimal\ntransverse field or thermal fluctuation to the system, an infinitesimal SK spin\nglass disorder is enough to induce a stable glass order in the antiferromagnet.\nThis glass order eventually gets destroyed as the thermal or quantum\nfluctuations increased beyond their threshold values and the transition to para\nphase occurs. Indications of this novel phase transition are discussed. Because\nof the presence of full frustration, this surrogate property of the LRIAF for\nincubation of stable spin glass phase in it (induced by addition of a small\ndisorder) should enable eventually the study of classical and quantum spin\nglass phases by using some perturbation theory with respect to the disorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling behaviour of lattice animals at the upper critical dimension: We perform numerical simulations of the lattice-animal problem at the upper\ncritical dimension d=8 on hypercubic lattices in order to investigate\nlogarithmic corrections to scaling there. Our stochastic sampling method is\nbased on the pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method (PERM), appropriate to linear\npolymers, and yields high statistics with animals comprised of up to 8000\nsites. We estimate both the partition sums (number of different animals) and\nthe radii of gyration. We re-verify the Parisi-Sourlas prediction for the\nleading exponents and compare the logarithmic-correction exponents to two\npartially differing sets of predictions from the literature. Finally, we\npropose, and test, a new Parisi-Sourlas-type scaling relation appropriate for\nthe logarithmic-correction exponents.",
        "positive": "Modeling self-organization of nano-size vacancy clusters in stochastic\n  systems subjected to irradiation: A study of the self-organization of vacancy clusters in irradiated materials\nis presented. Using a continuum stochastic model we take into account dynamics\nof point defects and their sinks with elastic interactions of vacancies.\nDynamics of vacancy clusters formation is studied analytically and numerically\nunder conditions related to irradiation in both reactors and accelerators. We\nhave shown a difference in patterning dynamics and studied the external noise\ninfluence related to fluctuation in a defect production rate. Applying our\napproach to pure nickel irradiated under different conditions we have shown\nthat vacancy clusters having a linear size 6 nm can arrange in statistical\nperiodic structure with nano-meter range. We have found that linear size of\nvacancy clusters at accelerator conditions decreases down to 20%, whereas a\nperiod of vacancy clusters reduces to 6.5%."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-component sandpile model : self-organized criticality of the second\n  kind: Two-component sandpile models are investigated numerically and theoretically.\nMonte Calro simulations are performed to show that probability distribution\nfunctions of avalanche size and lifetime obey power laws whose exponents are\napproximately equal to 1.5 and 2.0 and the system exhibits SOC. A mean-field\ntheory is developed to discuss the essence of the processes. We find that\ntwo-component models approach a steady critical state belonging to a different\nuniversality class from that of one-component models. Conservation of two kinds\nof sands at local toppling causes an infinite number of stable states which\nsubstitute for artificial boundary dissipation. Among two control parameters\nappearing in one-component models, therefore, a rate constant of dissipation is\nremoved in two-component models. It is concluded that the more conserved\nquantities result in the less control parameters and a novel class of SOC.",
        "positive": "The importance of intermediate range order in silicates: molecular\n  dynamics simulation studies: We present the results of large scale computer simulations in which we\ninvestigate the structural and dynamic properties of silicate melts with the\ncompositions (Na_2O)2(SiO_2) and (Al_2O_3)2(SiO_2). In order to treat such\nsystems on a time scale of several nanoseconds and for system sizes of several\nthousand atoms it is necessary to use parallel supercomputers like the CRAY\nT3E. We show that the silicates under consideration exhibit additional\nintermediate range order as compared to silica (SiO_2) where the characteristic\nintermediate length scales stem from the tetrahedral network structure. For the\nsodium silicate system it is demonstrated that the latter structural features\nare intimately connected with a surprising dynamics in which the one--particle\nmotion of the sodium ions appears on a much smaller time scale than the\ncorrelations between different sodium ions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sznajd model with synchronous updating on complex networks: We analyze the evolution of Sznajd Model with synchronous updating in several\ncomplex networks. Similar to the model on square lattice, we have found a\ntransition between the state with no-consensus and the state with complete\nconsensus in several complex networks. Furthermore, by adjusting the network\nparameters, we find that a large clustering coefficient favors development of a\nconsensus. In particular, in the limit of large system size with the initial\nconcentration p=0.5 of opinion +1, a consensus seems to be never reached for\nthe Watts-Strogatz small-world network, when we fix the connectivity k and the\nrewiring probability p_s; nor for the scale-free network, when we fix the\nminimum node degree m and the triad formation step probability p_t.",
        "positive": "Accurate simulation estimates of phase behaviour in ternary mixtures\n  with prescribed composition: This paper describes an isobaric semi-grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo\nscheme for the accurate study of phase behaviour in ternary fluid mixtures\nunder the experimentally relevant conditions of prescribed pressure,\ntemperature and overall composition. It is shown how to tune the relative\nchemical potentials of the individual components to target some requisite\noverall composition and how, in regions of phase coexistence, to extract\naccurate estimates for the compositions and phase fractions of individual\ncoexisting phases. The method is illustrated by tracking a path through the\ncomposition space of a model ternary Lennard-Jones mixture."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the density matrix for the kink ground state of higher spin XXZ chain: The exact expression for the density matrix of the kink ground state of\nhigher spin XXZ chain is obtained.",
        "positive": "An Exactly Solvable Constrained XXZ Chain: A new family of exactly solvable models is introduced. These models are\ngeneralizations of the XXZ chain where the distance among spins up\n($\\sigma^z$-basis) cannot be smaller or equal to t (t=0,1,2,...). The case t=0\nrecovers the standard XXZ chain. The coordinate Bethe ansatz is applied and the\nphase diagram is calculated. Exploring the finite-size consequences of\nconformal invariance the critical exponents are evaluated exactly at the\ncritical regions of the phase diagram"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical temperatures of the three- and four-state Potts models on the\n  kagome lattice: The value of the internal energy per spin is independent of the strip width\nfor a certain class of spin systems on two dimensional infinite strips. It is\nverified that the Ising model on the kagome lattice belongs to this class\nthrough an exact transfer-matrix calculation of the internal energy for the two\nsmallest widths. More generally, one can suggest an upper bound for the\ncritical coupling strength $K_c(q)$ for the $q$-state Potts model from exact\ncalculations of the internal energy for the two smallest strip widths.\nCombining this with the corresponding calculation for the dual lattice and\nusing an exact duality relation enables us to conjecture the critical coupling\nstrengths for the three- and four-state Potts models on the kagome lattice. The\nvalues are $K_c(q=3)=1.056~509~426~929~0$ and $K_c(q=4) = 1.149~360~587~229~2$,\nand the values can, in principle, be obtained to an arbitrary precision. We\ndiscuss the fact that these values are in the middle of earlier approximate\nresults and furthermore differ from earlier conjectures for the exact values.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation-dissipation relations far from equilibrium: The fluctuation-dissipation (F-D) theorem is a fundamental result for systems\nnear thermodynamic equilibrium, and justifies studies between microscopic and\nmacroscopic properties. It states that the nonequilibrium relaxation dynamics\nis related to the spontaneous fluctuation at equilibrium. Most processes in\nNature are out of equilibrium, for which we have limited theory. Common wisdom\nbelieves the F-D theorem is violated in general for systems far from\nequilibrium. Recently we show that dynamics of a dissipative system described\nby stochastic differential equations can be mapped to that of a thermostated\nHamiltonian system, with a nonequilibrium steady state of the former\ncorresponding to the equilibrium state of the latter. Her we derived the\ncorresponding F-D theorem, and tested with several examples. We suggest further\nstudies exploiting the analogy between a general dissipative system appearing\nin various science branches and a Hamiltonian system. Especially we discussed\nthe implications of this work on biological network studies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Translation-invariant Gibbs measures for the Blum-Kapel model on a\n  Cayley tree: In this paper we consider translation-invariant Gibbs measures for the\nBlum-Kapel model on a Cayley tree of order k. An approximate critical\ntemperature T_{cr} is found such that for T\\geq T_{cr} there exists a unique\ntranslation-invariant Gibbs measure and for 0<T<T_{cr} there are exactly three\ntranslation-invariant Gibbs measures. In addition, we studied the problem of\n(not) extremality for the unique Gibbs measure.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Aging, phase ordering and conformal invariance\": This is a Comment on the Article ``Aging, phase ordering and conformal\ninvariance'' by M.Henkel, M.Pleimling, C.Godr\\`eche and J.M.Luck\n[Phys.Rev.Lett. 87, 265701 (2001)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Odd q-State Clock Spin-Glass Models in Three Dimensions, Asymmetric\n  Phase Diagrams, and Multiple Algebraically Ordered Phases: Distinctive orderings and phase diagram structures are found, from\nrenormalization-group theory, for odd q-state clock spin-glass models in d=3\ndimensions. These models exhibit asymmetric phase diagrams, as is also the case\nfor quantum Heisenberg spin-glass models. No finite-temperature spin-glass\nphase occurs. For all odd $q\\geqslant 5$, algebraically ordered\nantiferromagnetic phases occur. One such phase is dominant and occurs for all\n$q\\geqslant 5$. Other such phases occupy small low-temperature portions of the\nphase diagrams and occur for $5 \\leqslant q \\leqslant 15$. All algebraically\nordered phases have the same structure, determined by an attractive\nfinite-temperature sink fixed point where a dominant and a subdominant pair\nstates have the only non-zero Boltzmann weights. The phase transition critical\nexponents quickly saturate to the high q value.",
        "positive": "Characterization of maximally random jammed sphere packings: Voronoi\n  correlation functions: We characterize the structure of maximally random jammed (MRJ) sphere\npackings by computing the Minkowski functionals (volume, surface area, and\nintegrated mean curvature) of their associated Voronoi cells. The probability\ndistribution functions of these functionals of Voronoi cells in MRJ sphere\npackings are qualitatively similar to those of an equilibrium hard-sphere\nliquid and partly even to the uncorrelated Poisson point process, implying that\nsuch local statistics are relatively structurally insensitive. This is not\nsurprising because the Minkowski functionals of a single Voronoi cell\nincorporate only local information and are insensitive to global structural\ninformation. To improve upon this, we introduce descriptors that incorporate\nnonlocal information via the correlation functions of the Minkowski functionals\nof two cells at a given distance as well as certain cell-cell probability\ndensity functions. We evaluate these higher-order functions for our MRJ\npackings as well as equilibrium hard spheres and the Poisson point process. We\nfind strong anticorrelations in the Voronoi volumes for the hyperuniform MRJ\npackings, consistent with previous findings for other pair correlations [A.\nDonev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 090604 (2005)], indicating that large-scale\nvolume fluctuations are suppressed by accompanying large Voronoi cells with\nsmall cells, and vice versa. In contrast to the aforementioned local Voronoi\nstatistics, the correlation functions of the Voronoi cells qualitatively\ndistinguish the structure of MRJ sphere packings (prototypical glasses) from\nthat of the correlated equilibrium hard-sphere liquids. Moreover, while we did\nnot find any perfect icosahedra (the locally densest possible structure in\nwhich a central sphere contacts 12 neighbors) in the MRJ packings, a\npreliminary Voronoi topology analysis indicates the presence of strongly\ndistorted icosahedra."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the extensivity of the entropy Sq, the q-generalized central limit\n  theorem and the q-triplet: First, we briefly review the conditions under which the entropy $S_q$ can be\nextensive (Tsallis, Gell-Mann and Sato, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sc. USA (2005), in\npress; cond-mat/0502274), as well as the possible $q$-generalization of the\ncentral limit theorem (Moyano, Tsallis and Gell-Mann, cond-mat/0509229). Then,\nwe address the $q$-triplet recently determined in the solar wind (Burlaga and\nVinas, Physica A {\\bf 356}, 375 (2005)) and its possible relation with the\nspace-dimension $d$ and with the range of the interactions (characterized by\n$\\alpha$, the attractive potential energy being assumed to decay as\n$r^{-\\alpha}$ at long distances $r$).",
        "positive": "A New Approach to Real Space Renormalization Group Treatment of Ising\n  Model for Square and Simple Cubic Lattice: Real Space Renormalization Group (RSRG) treatment of Ising model for square\nand simple cubic lattice is investigated and critical coupling strengths of\nthese lattices are obtained. The mathematical complications, which appear\ninevitable in the decimated partition function due to Block-spin\ntransformation, is treated with a relevant approximation. The approximation is\nbased on the approximate equivalence of $\\ln(1+f(K,\\{\\sigma_{n.n}\\})) \\simeq\nf(K,\\{\\sigma_{n.n}\\})$ for small $f(K,\\{\\sigma_{n.n}\\})$, here $K$ is the\nnearest neighbor coupling strength and $\\{\\sigma_{n.n}\\}$ is the nearest\nneighbor spins degrees of freedom around a central spin. The values of the\ncritical coupling strengths are obtained as $0.4830$ for square lattice and\n$0.2225$ for simple cubic (SC) lattice. The corresponding critical exponents\nvalues $\\alpha$ and $\\nu$ are also calculated within very acceptable agreement\nwith those values obtained from numerical works."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Activity-induced phase transition in a quantum many-body system: A crowd of nonequilibrium entities can show phase transition behaviors that\nare prohibited in conventional equilibrium setups. An interesting question is\nwhether similar activity-driven phase transitions also occur in pure quantum\nsystems. Here we introduce a minimally simple quantum many-body model that\nundergoes quantum phase transitions induced by non-Hermiticity. The model is\nbased on a classical anisotropic lattice gas model that undergoes\nmotility-induced phase separation (MIPS), and the quantum phase diagram\nincludes other active phases such as the flocking phase. The quantum phase\ntransitions, which in principle can be tested in ultracold atom experiments, is\nalso identified as the transitions of dynamical paths in the classical kinetics\nupon the application of biasing fields. This approach sheds light on the useful\nconnection between classical nonequilibrium kinetics and non-Hermitian quantum\nphysics.",
        "positive": "Convergence of large deviation estimators: We study the convergence of statistical estimators used in the estimation of\nlarge deviation functions describing the fluctuations of equilibrium,\nnonequilibrium, and manmade stochastic systems. We give conditions for the\nconvergence of these estimators with sample size, based on the boundedness or\nunboundedness of the quantity sampled, and discuss how statistical errors\nshould be defined in different parts of the convergence region. Our results\nshed light on previous reports of 'phase transitions' in the statistics of free\nenergy estimators and establish a general framework for reliably estimating\nlarge deviation functions from simulation and experimental data and identifying\nparameter regions where this estimation converges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unusual Corrections to the Scaling of the Entanglement Entropy of the\n  Excited states in Conformal Field Theory: In this paper we study the scaling of the correction of the Renyi entropy of\nthe excited states in systems described, in the continuum limit, by a conformal\nfield theory (CFT). These corrections scale as $L^{-\\frac{2\\Delta}{n}}$, where\n$L$ is the system size and $\\Delta$ is the scaling dimension of a relevant bulk\noperator located around the singularities of the Riemann surface\n$\\mathcal{R}_n$. Their name is due to their explicit dependence on the Riemann\nsurface $\\mathcal{R}_n$. Their presence has been detected in several works on\nthe entanglement entropy in finite size systems, both in the ground and the\nexcited states. Here, we present a general study of these corrections based on\nthe perturbation expansion on $\\mathcal{R}_n$. Some of the terms in this\nexpansion are divergent and they will be cured with addition cut-offs. These\ncut-offs will determine how these corrections scale with the system size $L$.\nExact numerical computations of the Renyi entropy of the excited states of the\nXX model are provided and they confirm our theoretical prediction on the\nscaling of corrections. They allow also a comparison with the other works\npresent in the literature finding that the corrections, for the excited states,\nhave the exact same form of the ones of the ground state case multiplied by a\nmodel dependend function of $n$ and $l/L$.",
        "positive": "Computational Complexity for Physicists: These lecture notes are an informal introduction to the theory of\ncomputational complexity and its links to quantum computing and statistical\nmechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Angular momentum distribution in a relativistic configuration: Magnetic\n  quantum number analysis: This paper is devoted to the analysis of the distribution of the total\nmagnetic quantum number $M$ in a relativistic subshell with $N$ equivalent\nelectrons of momentum $j$. This distribution is analyzed through its cumulants\nand through their generating function, for which an analytical expression is\nprovided. This function also allows us to get the values of the cumulants at\nany order. Such values are useful to obtain the moments at various orders.\nSince the cumulants of the distinct subshells are additive this study directly\napplies to any relativistic configuration. Recursion relations on the\ngenerating function are given. It is shown that the generating function of the\nmagnetic quantum number distribution may be expressed as a n-th derivative of a\npolynomial. This leads to recurrence relations for this distribution which are\nvery efficient even in the case of large $j$ or $N$. The magnetic quantum\nnumber distribution is numerically studied using the Gram-Charlier and\nEdgeworth expansions. The inclusion of high-order terms may improve the\naccuracy of the Gram-Charlier representation for instance when a small and a\nlarge angular momenta coexist in the same configuration. However such series\ndoes not exhibit convergence when high orders are considered and the account\nfor the first two terms often provides a fair approximation of the magnetic\nquantum number distribution. The Edgeworth series offers an interesting\nalternative though this expansion is also divergent and of asymptotic nature.",
        "positive": "Entropy non-conservation and boundary conditions for Hamiltonian\n  dynamical systems: Applying the theory of self-adjoint extensions of Hermitian operators to\nKoopman von Neumann classical mechanics, the most general set of probability\ndistributions is found for which entropy is conserved by Hamiltonian evolution.\nA new dynamical phase associated with such a construction is identified. By\nchoosing distributions not belonging to this class, we produce explicit\nexamples of both free particles and harmonic systems evolving in a bounded\nphase-space in such a way that entropy is nonconserved. While these\nnonconserving states are classically forbidden, they may be interpreted as\nstates of a quantum system tunneling through a potential barrier boundary. In\nthis case, the allowed boundary conditions are the only distinction between\nclassical and quantum systems. We show that the boundary conditions for a\ntunneling quantum system become the criteria for entropy preservation in the\nclassical limit. These findings highlight how boundary effects drastically\nchange the nature of a system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inversion identities for inhomogeneous face models: We derive exact inversion identities satisfied by the transfer matrix of\ninhomogeneous interaction-round-a-face (IRF) models with arbitrary boundary\nconditions using the underlying integrable structure and crossing properties of\nthe local Boltzmann weights. For the critical restricted solid-on-solid (RSOS)\nmodels these identities together with some information on the analytical\nproperties of the transfer matrix determine the spectrum completely and allow\nto derive the Bethe equations for both periodic and general open boundary\nconditions.",
        "positive": "Confinement and bound states of bound states in a transverse-field\n  two-leg Ising ladder: Weakly coupled Ising chains provide a condensed-matter realization of\nconfinement. In these systems, kinks and antikinks bind into mesons due to an\nattractive interaction potential that increases linearly with the distance\nbetween the particles. While single mesons have been directly observed in\nexperiments, the role of the multiparticle continuum and bound states of mesons\nin the excitation spectrum is far less clear. Using time-dependent density\nmatrix renormalization group methods, we study the dynamical structure factors\nof one- and two-spin operators in a transverse-field two-leg Ising ladder in\nthe ferromagnetic phase. The propagation of time-dependent correlations and the\ntwo-spin excitation spectrum reveal the existence of interchain bound states,\nwhich are absent in the one-spin dynamical structure factor. We also identify\ntwo-meson bound states that appear at higher energies, above the thresholds of\nseveral two-meson continua."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Breakdown and recovery in traffic flow models: Most car-following models show a transition from laminar to ``congested''\nflow and vice versa. Deterministic models often have a density range where a\ndisturbance needs a sufficiently large critical amplitude to move the flow from\nthe laminar into the congested phase. In stochastic models, it may be assumed\nthat the size of this amplitude gets translated into a waiting time, i.e.\\\nuntil fluctuations sufficiently add up to trigger the transition. A recently\nintroduced model of traffic flow however does not show this behavior: in the\ndensity regime where the jam solution co-exists with the high-flow state, the\nintrinsic stochasticity of the model is not sufficient to cause a transition\ninto the jammed regime, at least not within relevant time scales. In addition,\nmodels can be differentiated by the stability of the outflow interface. We\ndemonstrate that this additional criterion is not related to the stability of\nthe flow. The combination of these criteria makes it possible to characterize\ncommonalities and differences between many existing models for traffic in a new\nway.",
        "positive": "Wehrl Entropy and Entanglement Complexity of Quantum Spin Systems: The Wehrl entropy of a quantum state is the entropy of the coherent-state\ndistribution function (Husimi function), and is non-zero even for pure states.\nWe investigate the Wehrl entropy for $N$ spin-1/2 particles with respect to\nSU(2)$^{\\otimes N}$ coherent states (i.e., the direct products of spin coherent\nstates of each particle). We focus on: (1) The statistical interpretation of\nthis Wehrl entropy. (2) The relationship between the Wehrl entropy and quantum\nentanglement. For (1), despite the coherent states not forming a group of\northonormal bases, we prove that the Wehrl entropy can still be interpreted as\nthe entropy of a probability distribution with clear physical meaning. For (2),\nwe numerically calculate the Wehrl entropy of various entangled pure states\nwith particle number $2\\leq N\\leq 20$. Our results show that for the large-$N$\n($N\\gtrsim 10$) systems the Wehrl entropy of the highly chaotic entangled\nstates are much larger than that of the regular ones (e.g., the GHZ state).\nThese results, together with the fact that the Wehrl entropy is invariant under\nlocal unitary transformations, indicate that the Wehrl entropy can reflect the\ncomplexity of the quantum entanglement (entanglement complexity) of many-body\npure states, as A. Sugita proposed directly from the definitions of the Husimi\nfunction and Wehrl entropy (Jour. Phys. A 36, 9081 (2003)). Furthermore, the\nWehrl entropy per particle can serve as a quantitative description of this\ncomplexity. We further show that the many-body pure entangled states can be\nclassified into three types, according to the behaviors of the Wehrl entropy\nper particle in the limit $N\\rightarrow\\infty$, with the states of each type\nhaving very different entanglement complexity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diagrammatic Expansion for Positive Spectral Functions in the\n  Steady-State Limit: Recently, a method was presented for constructing self-energies within\nmany-body perturbation theory that are guaranteed to produce a positive\nspectral function for equilibrium systems, by representing the self-energy as a\nproduct of half-diagrams on the forward and backward branches of the Keldysh\ncontour. We derive an alternative half-diagram representation that is based on\nproducts of retarded diagrams. Our approach extends the method to systems out\nof equilibrium. When a steady-state limit exists, we show that our approach\nyields a positive definite spectral function in the frequency domain.",
        "positive": "Brownian motion with alternately fluctuating diffusivity:\n  Stretched-exponential and power-law relaxation: We investigate Brownian motion with diffusivity alternately fluctuating\nbetween fast and slow states. We assume that sojourn-time distributions of\nthese two states are given by exponential or power-law distributions. We\ndevelop a theory of alternating renewal processes to study a relaxation\nfunction which is expressed with an integral of the diffusivity over time. This\nrelaxation function can be related to a position correlation function if the\nparticle is in a harmonic potential, and to the self-intermediate scattering\nfunction if the potential force is absent. It is theoretically shown that, at\nshort times, the exponential relaxation or the stretched-exponential relaxation\nare observed depending on the power law index of the sojourn-time\ndistributions. In contrast, at long times, a power law decay with an\nexponential cutoff is observed. The dependencies on the initial ensembles\n(i.e., equilibrium or non-equilibrium initial ensembles) are also elucidated.\nThese theoretical results are consistent with numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variational approximations for stochastic dynamics on graphs: We investigate different mean-field-like approximations for stochastic\ndynamics on graphs, within the framework of a cluster-variational approach. In\nanalogy with its equilibrium counterpart, this approach allows one to give a\nunified view of various (previously known) approximation schemes, and suggests\nquite a systematic way to improve the level of accuracy. We compare the\ndifferent approximations with Monte Carlo simulations on a reversible\n(susceptible-infected-susceptible) discrete-time epidemic-spreading model on\nrandom graphs.",
        "positive": "Comment on ``Experimental Demonstration of Violations of the Second Law\n  of Thermodynamicsfor Small Systems and Short Time Scales'': The experimental verification of the fluctuation theorem by Wang et al. is\nexplained in terms of a simple Langevin dynamics. This implies that the entropy\nconsuming trajectories found by Wang et al. are fluctuations generated by a\nrandom force and do not violate the second law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Itinerant electrons in the Coulomb phase: We study the interplay between magnetic frustration and itinerant electrons.\nFor example, how does the coupling to mobile charges modify the properties of a\nspin liquid, and does the underlying frustration favor insulating or conducting\nstates? Supported by Monte Carlo simulations, our goal is in particular to\nprovide an analytical picture of the mechanisms involved. The models under\nconsiderations exhibit Coulomb phases in two and three dimensions, where the\nitinerant electrons are coupled to the localized spins via double exchange\ninteractions. Because of the Hund coupling, magnetic loops naturally emerge\nfrom the Coulomb phase and serve as conducting channels for the mobile\nelectrons, leading to doping-dependent rearrangements of the loop ensemble in\norder to minimize the electronic kinetic energy. At low electron density \\rho,\nthe double exchange coupling mainly tends to segment the very long loops\nwinding around the system into smaller ones while it gradually lifts the\nextensive degeneracy of the Coulomb phase with increasing \\rho. For higher\ndoping, the results are strongly lattice dependent, displaying loop crystals\nwith a given loop length for some specific values of \\rho, which can melt into\nanother loop crystal by varying \\rho. Finally, we contrast this to the\nqualitatively different behavior of analogous models on kagome or triangular\nlattices.",
        "positive": "Kinetics of Coalescence, Annihilation, and the q-State Potts Model in\n  One Dimension: The kinetics of the q-state Potts model in the zero temperature limit in one\ndimension is analyzed exactly through a generalization of the method of empty\nintervals, previously used for the analysis of diffusion-limited coalescence,\nA+A->A. In this new approach, the q-state Potts model, coalescence, and\nannihilation (A+A->0) all satisfy the same diffusion equation, and differ only\nin the imposed initial condition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling Exponents for Ordered Maxima: We study extreme value statistics of multiple sequences of random variables.\nFor each sequence with N variables, independently drawn from the same\ndistribution, the running maximum is defined as the largest variable to date.\nWe compare the running maxima of m independent sequences, and investigate the\nprobability S_N that the maxima are perfectly ordered, that is, the running\nmaximum of the first sequence is always larger than that of the second\nsequence, which is always larger than the running maximum of the third\nsequence, and so on. The probability S_N is universal: it does not depend on\nthe distribution from which the random variables are drawn. For two sequences,\nS_N ~ N^(-1/2), and in general, the decay is algebraic, S_N ~ N^(-\\sigma_m),\nfor large N. We analytically obtain the exponent sigma_3= 1.302931 as root of a\ntranscendental equation. Furthermore, the exponents sigma_m grow with m, and we\nshow that sigma_m ~ m for large m.",
        "positive": "Free Energy Changes, Fluctuations, and Path Probabilities: We illustrate some of the static and dynamic relations discovered by Cohen,\nCrooks, Evans, Jarzynski, Kirkwood, Morriss, Searles, and Zwanzig. These\nrelations link nonequilibrium processes to equilibrium isothermal free energy\nchanges and to dynamical path probabilities. We include ideas suggested by\nDellago, Geissler, Oberhofer, and Schoell-Paschinger. Our treatment is intended\nto be pedagogical, for use in an updated version of our book: Time\nReversibility, Computer Simulation, and Chaos. Comments are very welcome."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Height of a liquid drop on a wetting stripe: Adsorption of liquid on a planar wall decorated by a hydrophilic stripe of\nwidth $L$ is considered. Under the condition, that the wall is only partially\nwet (or dry) while the stripe tends to be wet completely, a liquid drop is\nformed above the stripe. The maximum height $\\ell_m(\\delta\\mu)$ of the drop\ndepends on the stripe width $L$ and the chemical potential departure from\nsaturation $\\delta\\mu$ where it adopts the value $\\ell_0=\\ell_m(0)$. Assuming a\nlong-range potential of van der Waals type exerted by the stripe, the\ninterfacial Hamiltonian model is used to show that $\\ell_0$ is approached\nlinearly with $\\delta\\mu$ with a slope which scales as $L^2$ over the region\nsatisfying $L\\lesssim \\xi_\\parallel$, where $\\xi_\\parallel$ is the parallel\ncorrelation function pertinent to the stripe. This suggests that near the\nsaturation there exists a universal curve $\\ell_m(\\delta\\mu)$ to which the\nadsorption isotherms corresponding to different values of $L$ all collapse when\nappropriately rescaled. Although the series expansion based on the interfacial\nHamiltonian model can be formed by considering higher order terms, a more\nappropriate approximation in the form of a rational function based on scaling\narguments is proposed. The approximation is based on exact asymptotic results,\nnamely that $\\ell_m\\sim\\delta\\mu^{-1/3}$ for $L\\to\\infty$ and that $\\ell_m$\nobeys the correct $\\delta\\mu\\to0$ behaviour in line with the results of the\ninterfacial Hamiltonian model. All the predictions are verified by the\ncomparison with a microscopic density functional theory (DFT) and, in\nparticular, the rational function approximation -- even in its simplest form --\nis shown to be in a very reasonable agreement with DFT for a broad range of\nboth $\\delta\\mu$ and $L$.",
        "positive": "A two step algorithm for learning from unspecific reinforcement: We study a simple learning model based on the Hebb rule to cope with\n\"delayed\", unspecific reinforcement. In spite of the unspecific nature of the\ninformation-feedback, convergence to asymptotically perfect generalization is\nobserved, with a rate depending, however, in a non- universal way on learning\nparameters. Asymptotic convergence can be as fast as that of Hebbian learning,\nbut may be slower. Moreover, for a certain range of parameter settings, it\ndepends on initial conditions whether the system can reach the regime of\nasymptotically perfect generalization, or rather approaches a stationary state\nof poor generalization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Size and doping effects on the coercive field of ferroelectric\n  nanoparticles: A microscopic model for describing ferroelectric nanoparticles is proposed\nwhich allows us to calculate the polarization as a function of an external\nelectric field, the temperature, the defect concentration and the particle\nsize. The interaction of the constituents of the material, arranged in layers,\ndepends on both the coupling strength at the surface and that of defect shells\nin addition to the bulk values. The analysis is based on an Ising model in a\ntransverse field, modified in such a manner to study the influence of size and\ndoping effects on the hysteresis loop of the nanoparticles. Using a Green\nfunction technique in real space we find the coercive field, the remanent\npolarization and the critical temperature which differ significantly from the\nbulk behavior. Depending on the varying coupling strength due to the kind of\ndoping ions and the surface configuration, the coercive field and the remanent\npolarization can either increase or decrease in comparison to the bulk\nbehavior. The theoretical results are compared with a variety of different\nexperimental data.",
        "positive": "The Lieb-Schultz-Mattis Theorem: A Topological Point of View: We review the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem and its variants, which are no-go\ntheorems that state that a quantum many-body system with certain conditions\ncannot have a locally-unique gapped ground state. We restrict ourselves to\none-dimensional quantum spin systems and discuss both the generalized\nLieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem for models with U(1) symmetry and the extended\nLieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem for models with discrete symmetry. We also discuss\nthe implication of the same arguments to systems on the infinite cylinder, both\nwith the periodic boundary conditions and with the spiral boundary conditions.\n  For models with U(1) symmetry, we here present a rearranged version of the\noriginal proof of Lieb, Schultz, and Mattis based on the twist operator. As the\ntitle suggests we take a modern topological point of view and prove the\ngeneralized Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem by making use of a topological index\n(which coincides with the filling factor). By a topological index, we mean an\nindex that characterizes a locally-unique gapped ground state and is invariant\nunder continuous (or smooth) modification of the ground state.\n  For models with discrete symmetry, we describe the basic idea of the most\ngeneral proof based on the topological index introduced in the context of\nsymmetry-protected topological phases. We start from background materials such\nas the classification of projective representations of the symmetry group.\n  We also review the notion that we call a locally-unique gapped ground state\nof a quantum spin system on an infinite lattice and present basic theorems.\nThis notion turns out to be natural and useful from the physicists' point of\nview.\n  We have tried to make the present article readable and almost self-contained.\nWe only assume basic knowledge about quantum spin systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Foundation of Statistical Mechanics under experimentally realistic\n  conditions: We demonstrate the equilibration of isolated macroscopic quantum systems,\nprepared in non-equilibrium mixed states with significant population of many\nenergy levels, and observed by instruments with a reasonably bound working\nrange compared to the resolution limit. Both properties are fulfilled under\nmany, if not all, experimentally realistic conditions. At equilibrium, the\npredictions and limitations of Statistical Mechanics are recovered.",
        "positive": "Condensation with two constraints and disordered Discrete Non Linear\n  Schr\u00f6dinger breathers: Motivated by the study of breathers in the disordered Discrete Non Linear\nSchr\\\"odinger equation, we study the uniform probability over the intersection\nof a simplex and an ellipsoid in $n$ dimensions, with quenched disorder in the\ndefinition of either the simplex or the ellipsoid. Unless the disorder is too\nstrong, the phase diagram looks like the one without disorder, with a\ntransition separating a fluid phase, where all variables have the same order of\nmagnitude, and a condensed phase, where one variable is much larger than the\nothers. We then show that the condensed phase exhibits \"intermediate symmetry\nbreaking\": the site hosting the condensate is chosen neither uniformly at\nrandom, nor is it fixed by the disorder realization. In particular, the model\nmimicking the well-studied Discrete Non Linear Schr\\\"odinger model with\nfrequency disorder shows a very weak symmetry breaking: all variables have a\nsizable probability to host the condensate (i.e. a breather in a DNLS setting),\nbut its localization is still biased towards variables with a large linear\nfrequency. Throughout the article, our heuristic arguments are complemented\nwith direct Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large Deviations for the Spatial and Energy Distributions of Systems of\n  Classical Ensemble: Boltzmann-Sanov and Cramer-Chernoff's theorems provide large deviation\nprobabilities, entropy, and rate functions for the spatial distribution of\nsystems and the total internal energy of an ensemble respectively. By the\nmethod of Lagrange's undetermined multipliers, the results of both theorems,\nthe differentials of entropies or rate functions with respect to numbers of\nsystems, establish the statistical equilibrium condition. We connect the large\ndeviation statistics to the reversible and irreversible processes of the\nspatial arrangements of the systems and the energy exchange of the ensemble\nwith the heat reservoir. We obtain the equalities between the differentials of\nentropies and other thermodynamic variables in the reversible processes and\nsuggest inequalities of entropy productions for the irreversible processes.",
        "positive": "Phase segregation and interface dynamics in kinetic systems: We consider a kinetic model of two species of particles interacting with a\nreservoir at fixed temperature, described by two coupled Vlasov-Fokker-Plank\nequations. We prove that in the diffusive limit the evolution is described by a\nmacroscopic equation in the form of the gradient flux of the macroscopic free\nenergy functional. Moreover, we study the sharp interface limit and find by\nformal Hilbert expansions that the interface motion is given in terms of a\nquasi stationary problem for the chemical potentials. The velocity of the\ninterface is the sum of two contributions: the velocity of the Mullins-Sekerka\nmotion for the difference of the chemical potentials and the velocity of a\nHele-Shaw motion for a linear combination of the two potentials. These\nequations are identical to the ones in Otto-E modelling the motion of a sharp\ninterface for a polymer blend."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stiffness of polymer chains: A formula is derived for stiffness of a polymer chain in terms of the\ndistribution function of end-to-end vectors. This relationship is applied to\ncalculate the stiffness of Gaussian chains (neutral and carrying electric\ncharges at the ends), chains modeled as self-avoiding random walks, as well as\nsemi-flexible (worm-like and Dirac) chains. The effects of persistence length\nand Bjerrum's length on the chain stiffness are analyzed numerically. An\nexplicit expression is developed for the radial distribution function of a\nchain with the maximum stiffness.",
        "positive": "Crystal-like high frequency phonons in the amorphous phases of solid\n  water: The high frequency dynamics of low- (LDA) and high-density amorphous-ice\n(HDA) and of cubic ice (I_c) has been measured by inelastic X-ray Scattering\n(IXS) in the 1-15 nm^{-1} momentum transfer (Q) range. Sharp phonon-like\nexcitations are observed, and the longitudinal acoustic branch is identified up\nto Q = 8nm^{-1} in LDA and I_c and up to 5nm^{-1} in HDA. The narrow width of\nthese excitations is in sharp contrast with the broad features observed in all\namorphous systems studied so far. The \"crystal-like\" behavior of amorphous\nices, therefore, implies a considerable reduction in the number of decay\nchannels available to sound-like excitations which is assimilated to low local\ndisorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Natural Language Processing Models That Automate Programming Will\n  Transform Chemistry Research and Teaching: Natural language processing models have emerged that can generate usable\nsoftware and automate a number of programming tasks with high fidelity. These\ntools have yet to have an impact on the chemistry community. Yet, our initial\ntesting demonstrates that this form of Artificial Intelligence is poised to\ntransform chemistry and chemical engineering research. Here, we review\ndevelopments that brought us to this point, examine applications in chemistry,\nand give our perspective on how this may fundamentally alter research and\nteaching.",
        "positive": "Multicritical behavior of two-dimensional anisotropic antiferromagnets\n  in a magnetic field: We study the phase diagram and multicritical behavior of anisotropic\nHeisenberg antiferromagnets on a square lattice in the presence of a magnetic\nfield along the easy axis. We argue that, beside the Ising and XY critical\nlines, the phase diagram presents a first-order spin-flop line starting from\nT=0, as in the three-dimensional case. By using field theory we show that the\nmulticritical point where these transition lines meet cannot be O(3) symmetric\nand occurs at finite temperature. We also predict how the critical temperature\nof the transition lines varies with the magnetic field and the uniaxial\nanisotropy in the limit of weak anisotropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Path dependent scaling of geometric phase near a quantum multi-critical\n  point: We study the geometric phase of the ground state in a one-dimensional\ntransverse XY spin chain in the vicinity of a quantum multi-critical point. We\napproach the multi-critical point along different paths and estimate the\ngeometric phase by applying a rotation in all spins about z-axis by an angle\n$\\eta$. Although the geometric phase itself vanishes at the multi-critical\npoint, the derivative with respect to the anisotropy parameter of the model\nshows peaks at different points on the ferromagnetic side close to it where the\nenergy gap is a local minimum; we call these points `quasi-critical'. The value\nof the derivative at any quasi-critical point scales with the system size in a\npower-law fashion with the exponent varying continuously with the parameter\n$\\alpha$ that defines a path, upto a critical value $\\alpha = \\alpha_{c}=2$.\nFor $\\alpha > \\alpha_{c}$, or on the paramagnetic side no such peak is\nobserved. Numerically obtained results are in perfect agreement with analytical\npredictions.",
        "positive": "Adiabatic multicritical quantum quenches: Continuously varying exponents\n  depending on the direction of quenching: We study adiabatic quantum quenches across a quantum multicritical point\n(MCP) using a quenching scheme that enables the system to hit the MCP along\ndifferent paths. We show that the power-law scaling of the defect density with\nthe rate of driving depends non-trivially on the path, i.e., the exponent\nvaries continuously with the parameter $\\alpha$ that defines the path, up to a\ncritical value $\\alpha= \\alpha_c$; on the other hand for $\\alpha \\geq\n\\alpha_c$, the scaling exponent saturates to a constant value. We show that\ndynamically generated and {\\it path($\\alpha$)-dependent} effective critical\nexponents associated with the quasicritical points lying close to the MCP (on\nthe ferromagnetic side), where the energy-gap is minimum, lead to this\ncontinuously varying exponent. The scaling relations are established using the\nintegrable transverse XY spin chain and generalized to a MCP associated with a\n$d$-dimensional quantum many-body systems (not reducible to two-level systems)\nusing adiabatic perturbation theory. We also calculate the effective {\\it\npath-dependent} dimensional shift $d_0(\\alpha)$ (or the shift in center of the\nimpulse region) that appears in the scaling relation for special paths lying\nentirely in the paramagnetic phase. Numerically obtained results are in good\nagreement with analytical predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the extended Kolmogorov-Nagumo information-entropy theory, the q ->\n  1/q duality and its possible implications for a non-extensive two dimensional\n  Ising model: The aim of this paper is to investigate the q -> 1/q duality in an\ninformation-entropy theory of all q-generalized entropy functionals (Tsallis,\nRenyi and Sharma-Mittal measures) in the light of a representation based on\ngeneralized exponential and logarithm functions subjected to Kolmogorov's and\nNagumo's averaging. We show that it is precisely in this representation that\nthe form invariance of all entropy functionals is maintained under the action\nof this duality. The generalized partition function also results to be a scalar\ninvariant under the q -> 1/q transformation which can be interpreted as a\nnon-extensive two dimensional Ising model duality between systems governed by\ntwo different power law long-range interactions and temperatures. This does not\nhold only for Tsallis statistics, but is a characteristic feature of all\nstationary distributions described by q-exponential Boltzmann factors.",
        "positive": "On extended thermonuclear functions through pathway model: The major problem in the cosmological nucleosynthesis is the evaluation of\nthe reaction rate. The present scenario is that the standard thermonuclear\nfunction in the Maxwell-Boltzmann form is evaluated by using various\ntechniques. The Maxwell-Boltzmannian approach to nuclear reaction rate theory\nis extended to cover Tsallis statistics (Tsallis, 1988) and more general cases\nof distribution functions. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate in\nsome more detail the extended reaction probability integral in the equilibrium\nthermodynamic argument and in the cut-off case. The extended reaction\nprobability integrals will be evaluated in closed form for all convenient\nvalues of the parameter by means of residue calculus. A comparison of the\nstandard reaction probability integrals with the extended reaction probability\nintegrals is also done."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium work distributions in quantum impurity system-bath mixing\n  processes: The fluctuation theorem, where the central quantity is the work distribution,\nis an important characterization of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In this\nwork, based on the dissipaton-equation-of-motion theory, we develop an exact\nmethod to evaluate the work distributions in quantum impurity system-bath\nmixing processes, in the presence of non-Markovian and strong couplings. Our\nresults not only precisely reproduce the Jarzynski equality and Crooks\nrelation, but also reveal rich information on large deviation. The numerical\ndemonstrations are carried out with a spin-boson model system.",
        "positive": "Test of quantum thermalization in the two-dimensional transverse-field\n  Ising model: We study the quantum relaxation of the two-dimensional transverse-field Ising\nmodel after global quenches with a real-time variational Monte Carlo method and\naddress the question whether this non-integrable, two-dimensional system\nthermalizes or not. We consider both interaction quenches in the paramagnetic\nphase and field quenches in the ferromagnetic phase and compare the\ntime-averaged probability distributions of non-conserved quantities like\nmagnetization and correlation functions to the thermal distributions according\nto the canonical Gibbs ensemble obtained with quantum Monte Carlo simulations\nat temperatures defined by the excess energy in the system. We find that the\noccurrence of thermalization crucially depends on the quench parameters: While\nafter the interaction quenches in the paramagnetic phase thermalization can be\nobserved, our results for the field quenches in the ferromagnetic phase show\nclear deviations from the thermal system. These deviations increase with the\nquench strength and become especially clear comparing the shape of the thermal\nand the time-averaged distributions, the latter ones indicating that the system\ndoes not completely lose the memory of its initial state even for strong\nquenches. We discuss our results with respect to a recently formulated theorem\non generalized thermalization in quantum systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion in nonuniform temperature and its geometric analog: We propose a Langevin equation for systems in an environment with nonuniform\ntemperature. At odds with an older proposal, ours admits a locally Maxwellian\nsteady state, local equipartition holds and for detailed-balanced (reversible)\nsystems statistical and physical entropies coincide. We describe its\nthermodynamics, which entails a generalized version of the First Law and\nClausius's characterization of reversibility. Finally, we show that a Brownian\nparticle constrained into a smooth curve behaves according to our equation, as\nif experiencing nonuniform temperature.",
        "positive": "Capillary-wave models and the effective average action scheme of\n  functional renormalization group: We reexamine the functional renormalization-group theory of wetting\ntransitions. As a starting point of the analysis we apply an exact equation\ndescribing renormalization group flow of the generating functional for\nirreducible vertex functions. We show how the standard nonlinear\nrenormalization group theory of wetting transitions can be recovered by a very\nsimple truncation of the exact flow equation. The derivation makes all the\ninvolved approximations transparent and demonstrates the applicability of the\napproach in any spatial dimension d\\geq 2. Exploiting the non-uniqueness of the\nrenormalization-group cutoff scheme, we find however, that the capillary\nparameter omega is a scheme-dependent quantity below d=3. For d=3 the parameter\nomega is perfectly robust against scheme variation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Introduction to the field theory of classical and quantum phase\n  transitions: These lecture notes provide a relatively self-contained introduction to field\ntheoretic methods employed in the study of classical and quantum phase\ntransitions.",
        "positive": "Causality in Condensates: Grey Solitons as Remnants of BEC Formation: Symmetry breaking during phase transitions can lead to the formation of\ntopological defects (such as vortex lines in superfluids). However, the usually\nstudied BEC's have the shape of a cigar, a geometry that impedes vortex\nformation, survival, and detection. I show that, in elongated traps, one can\nexpect the formation of \"grey solitons\" (long-lived, non-topological \"phase\ndefects\") as a result of the same mechanism. Their number will rise\napproximately in proportion to the transition rate. This steep rise is due to\nthe increasing size of the region of the BEC cigar where the phase of the\ncondensate wavefunction is chosen locally (rather than passed on from the\nalready formed BEC)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Preasymptotic multiscaling in the phase-ordering dynamics of the kinetic\n  Ising model: The evolution of the structure factor is studied during the phase-ordering\ndynamics of the kinetic Ising model with conserved order parameter. A\npreasymptotic multiscaling regime is found as in the solution of the\nCahn-Hilliard-Cook equation, revealing that the late stage of phase-ordering is\nalways approached through a crossover from multiscaling to standard scaling,\nindependently from the nature of the microscopic dynamics.",
        "positive": "Structure factor of Bose-condensed systems: The structure factor for a Bose system with Bose-Einstein condensate is\nconsidered in the frame of the self-consistent mean-field approximation. The\naccomplished analysis demonstrates the principal importance of the following\nthree points: the necessity of preserving the approximation order, the\nnecessity of taking into account anomalous averages, and the necessity of gauge\nsymmetry breaking. If any one of these necessary conditions is not satisfied,\ncalculations yield the appearance of unphysical divergences of the structure\nfactor, which implies the occurrence of fictitious instability, which\ncontradicts experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variational Perturbation Theory for Fokker-Planck Equation with\n  Nonlinear Drift: We develop a recursive method for perturbative solutions of the Fokker-Planck\nequation with nonlinear drift. The series expansion of the time-dependent\nprobability density in terms of powers of the coupling constant is obtained by\nsolving a set of first-order linear ordinary differential equations. Resumming\nthe series in the spirit of variational perturbation theory we are able to\ndetermine the probability density for all values of the coupling constant.\nComparison with numerical results shows exponential convergence with increasing\norder.",
        "positive": "Transport with hard-core interaction in a chain of asymmetric cavities: In this paper we investigate the diffusion of particles inside a chain of\nasymmetric cavities. We are considering particles that interact through a\nhard--core potential and are driven by an external force. We show that the\ndifference in the current when the force is applied to the left and to the\nright strongly depends on the concentration inside the cavity. We found that,\nwhen the concentration is high enough, the hard--core interaction vanishes and\ninverts the asymmetric effect of the cavity. We also introduce a new equation,\na modification to the Fick--Jacobs equation, to describe this system\nanalytically. Finally, we used numerical simulations to verify the analytic\nresults, finding a good agreement between theory and simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of confinement between attractive and repulsive walls on the\n  thermodynamics of an anomalous fluid: We study by molecular dynamics simulations the thermodynamics of an anomalous\nfluid confined in a slit pore with one wall structured and attractive and\nanother unstructured and repulsive. We find that the phase diagram of the\nhomogeneous part of the confined fluid is shifted to higher temperatures,\ndensities and pressures with respect to the bulk, but it can be rescaled on the\nbulk case. We calculate a moderate increase of mobility of the homogeneous\nconfined fluid that we interpret as a consequence of the layering due to\nconfinement and the collective modes due to long-range correlations. We show\nthat, as in bulk, the confined fluid has structural, diffusion and density\nanomalies, that order in the water-like hierarchy, and a liquid-liquid critical\npoint (LLCP). The overall anomalous region moves to higher temperatures,\ndensities and pressure and the LLCP displaces to higher temperature compared to\nbulk. Motivated by experiments, we calculate also the phase diagram not just\nfor the homogeneous part of the confined fluid but for the entire fluid in the\npore and show that it is shifted towards higher pressures but preserves the\nthermodynamics, including the LLCP. Because our model has water-like\nproperties, we argue that in experiments with supercooled water confined in\nslit pores with a width of > 3 nm if hydrophilic, and of > 1.5 nm if\nhydrophobic, the existence of the LLCP could be easier to test than in bulk,\nwhere it is not directly accessible.",
        "positive": "About the relevance of the fixed dimension perturbative approach to\n  frustrated magnets in two and three dimensions: We show that the critical behaviour of two- and three-dimensional frustrated\nmagnets cannot reliably be described from the known five- and six-loops\nperturbative renormalization group results. Our conclusions are based on a\ncareful re-analysis of the resummed perturbative series obtained within the\nzero momentum massive scheme. In three dimensions, the critical exponents for\nXY and Heisenberg spins display strong dependences on the parameters of the\nresummation procedure and on the loop order. This behaviour strongly suggests\nthat the fixed points found are in fact spurious. In two dimensions, we find,\nas in the O(N) case, that there is apparent convergence of the critical\nexponents but towards erroneous values. As a consequence, the interesting\nquestion of the description of the crossover/transition induced by Z2\ntopological defects in two-dimensional frustrated Heisenberg spins remains\nopen."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature gradient and Fourier's law in gradient-mass harmonic systems: Heat flow and thermal profile in a 1D harmonic lattice with\ncoordinate-dependent masses has been calculated in the thermodynamic limit. It\nis shown in the particular example of a 1D harmonic lattice with linearly\nincreasing masses that in standard Langevin conditions of contact, a\ntemperature gradient can form, and Fourier's law can be obeyed.",
        "positive": "Power spectra of self-organized critical sandpiles: We analyze the power spectra of avalanches in two classes of self-organized\ncritical sandpile models, the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld model and the Manna model. We\nshow that these decay with a $1/f^\\alpha$ power law, where the exponent value\n$\\alpha$ is significantly smaller than 2 and equals the scaling exponent\nrelating the avalanche size to its duration. We discuss the basic ingredients\nbehind this result, such as the scaling of the average avalanche shape."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Broad Histogram Method for Continuous Systems: the XY-Model: We propose a way of implementing the Broad Histogram Monte Carlo method to\nsystems with continuous degrees of freedom, and we apply these ideas to\ninvestigate the three-dimensional XY-model with periodic boundary conditions.\nWe have found an excellent agreement between our method and traditional\nMetropolis results for the energy, the magnetization, the specific heat and the\nmagnetic susceptibility on a very large temperature range. For the calculation\nof these quantities in the temperature range 0.7<T<4.7 our method took less CPU\ntime than the Metropolis simulations for 16 temperature points in that\ntemperature range. Furthermore, it calculates the whole temperature range\n1.2<T<4.7 using only 2.2 times more computer effort than the Histogram Monte\nCarlo method for the range 2.1<T<2.2. Our way of treatment is general, it can\nalso be applied to other systems with continuous degrees of freedom.",
        "positive": "Irreversible Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for self-avoiding walk: We formulate an irreversible Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for the\nself-avoiding walk (SAW), which violates the detailed balance condition and\nsatisfies the balance condition. Its performance improves significantly\ncompared to that of the Berretti-Sokal algorithm, which is a variant of the\nMetropolis-Hastings method. The gained efficiency increases with the spatial\ndimension (D), from approximately $10$ times in 2D to approximately $40$ times\nin 5D. We simulate the SAW on a 5D hypercubic lattice with periodic boundary\nconditions, for a system with a linear size up to $L=128$, and confirm that as\nfor the 5D Ising model, the finite-size scaling of the SAW is governed by\nrenormalized exponents $\\nu^*=2/d$ and $\\gamma/\\nu^*=d/2$. The critical point\nis determined, which is approximately $8$ times more precise than the best\navailable estimate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evolution of a Network of Vortex Loops in HeII. Exact Solution of the\n  \"Rate Equation\": Evolution of a network of vortex loops in HeII due to the fusion and\nbreakdown of vortex loops is studied. We perform investigation on the base of\nthe ''rate equation'' for the distribution function $n(l)$ of number of loops\nof length $l$ proposed by Copeland with coauthors. By using the special ansatz\nin the ''collision'' integral we have found the exact power-like solution of\n''kinetic equation'' in stationary case. That solution is the famous\nequilibrium distribution $n(l)\\varpropto l^{-5/2}$ obtained earlier in\nnumerical calculations. Our result, however, is not equilibrium, but on the\ncontrary, it describes the state with two mutual fluxes of the length (or\nenergy) in space of the vortex loop sizes. Analyzing this solution we drew\nseveral results on the structure and dynamics of the vortex tangle in the\nsuperfluid turbulent helium. In particular, we obtained that the mean radius of\nthe curvature is of order of interline space. We also obtain that the decay of\nthe vortex tangle obeys the Vinen equation, obtained earlier\nphenomenologically. We evaluate also the full rate of reconnection events.\nPACS-number 67.40",
        "positive": "Critical behavior of self-assembled rigid rods on two-dimensional\n  lattices: Bethe-Peierls approximation and Monte Carlo simulations: The critical behavior of adsorbed monomers that reversibly polymerize into\nlinear chains with restricted orientations relative to the substrate has been\nstudied. In the model considered here, which is known as self-assembled rigid\nrods (SAARs) model, the surface is represented by a twodimensional lattice and\na continuous orientational transition occurs as a function of temperature and\ncoverage. The phase diagrams were obtained for the square, triangular and\nhoneycomb lattices by means of Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling\nanalysis. The numerical results were compared with Bethe-Peierls analytical\npredictions about the orientational transition for the square and triangular\nlattices. The analysis of the phase diagrams, along with the behavior of the\ncritical average rod lengths, showed that the critical properties of the model\ndo not depend on the structure of the lattice at low temperatures (coverage),\nrevealing a one-dimensional behavior in this regime. Finally, the universality\nclass of the SAARs model, which has been subject of controversy, has been\nrevisited."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "1/f spectrum in the information transfer model for mass extinction: We study the information transfer model for biological evolution with several\nkinds of fitness function. The system is stimulated to volve into a stationary\nstate, depending on the fitness function and on the dimension of the lattice\nformed by the species. In particular the system yields time series of the\nmutation rate which exhibits the $1/f$ spectrum, thus explains the power-law\nbehavior in fossil data. Effects of shortcuts introduced on the lattice are\nalso examined and the evolution activity is usually found to increase in a\nwell-growing system although the reduction of the overall activity may also be\nobserved in the presence of shortcuts, depending on the initial configuration.",
        "positive": "A comparative study of $2d$ Ising model at different boundary conditions\n  using Cellular Automata: Using Cellular Automata, we simulate spin systems corresponding to $2d$ Ising\nmodel with various kinds of boundary conditions (bcs). The appearance of\nspontaneous magnetization in the absence of magnetic field is studied with a\n$64\\times64$ square lattice with five different bcs, i.e., periodic, adiabatic,\nreflexive, fixed ($+1$ or $-1$) bcs with three initial conditions (all spins\nup, all spins down and random orientation of spins). In the context of $2d$\nIsing model, we have calculated the magnetisation, energy, specific heat,\nsusceptibility and entropy with each of the bcs and observed that the phase\ntransition occurs around $T_c$ = 2.269 as obtained by Onsager. We compare the\nbehaviour of magnetisation vs temperature for different types of bcs by\ncalculating the number of points close to the line of zero magnetisation after\n$T>T_c$ at various lattice sizes. We observe that the periodic, adiabatic and\nreflexive bcs give closer approximation to the value of $T_c$ than fixed +1 and\nfixed -1 bcs with all three initial conditions for lattice size less than\n$70\\times70$. However, for lattice size between $70\\times70$ and\n$100\\times100$, fixed +1 bc and fixed -1 bc give closer approximation to the\n$T_c$ with initial conditions all spin down configuration and all spin up\nconfiguration respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical approach to dislocation dynamics: From dislocation\n  correlations to a multiple-slip continuum plasticity theory: Due to recent successes of a statistical-based nonlocal continuum crystal\nplasticity theory for single-glide in explaining various aspects such as\ndislocation patterning and size-dependent plasticity, several attempts have\nbeen made to extend the theory to describe crystals with multiple slip systems\nusing ad-hoc assumptions. We present here a mesoscale continuum theory of\nplasticity for multiple slip systems of parallel edge dislocations. We begin by\nconstructing the Bogolyubov-Born-Green-Yvon-Kirkwood (BBGYK) integral equations\nrelating different orders of dislocation correlation functions in a grand\ncanonical ensemble. Approximate pair correlation functions are obtained for\nsingle-slip systems with two types of dislocations and, subsequently, for\ngeneral multiple-slip systems of both charges. The effect of the correlations\nmanifests itself in the form of an entropic force in addition to the external\nstress and the self-consistent internal stress. Comparisons with a previous\nmultiple-slip theory based on phenomenological considerations shall be\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Removing noise from correlations in multivariate stock price data: This paper examines the applicability of Random Matrix Theory to portfolio\nmanagement in finance. Starting from a group of normally distributed stochastic\nprocesses with given correlations we devise an algorithm for removing noise\nfrom the estimator of correlations constructed from measured time series. We\nthen apply this algorithm to historical time series for the Standard and Poor's\n500 index. We discuss to what extent the noise can be removed and whether the\nresulting underlying correlations are sufficiently accurate for portfolio\nmanagement purposes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Onsager coefficients of a finite-time Carnot cycle: We study a finite-time Carnot cycle of a weakly interacting gas which we can\nregard as a nearly ideal gas in the limit of $T_\\mathrm{h}-T_\\mathrm{c}\\to 0$\nwhere $T_\\mathrm{h}$ and $T_\\mathrm{c}$ are the temperatures of the hot and\ncold heat reservoirs, respectively. In this limit, we can assume that the cycle\nis working in the linear-response regime and can calculate the Onsager\ncoefficients of this cycle analytically using the elementary molecular kinetic\ntheory. We reveal that these Onsager coefficients satisfy the so-called\ntight-coupling condition and this fact explains why the efficiency at the\nmaximal power $\\eta_\\mathrm{max}$ of this cycle can attain the Curzon-Ahlborn\nefficiency from the viewpoint of the linear-response theory.",
        "positive": "Rotating magnetoelectric effect in a ground state of a coupled\n  spin-electron model on a doubly decorated square lattice: Exact analytical calculations are performed to study the rotating\nmagnetoelectric effect in a ground state of a coupled spin-electron model on a\ndoubly decorated square lattice with and without presence of an external\nmagnetic field. Novel spatially anisotropic magnetic ground states emergent due\nto a rotation in an external electric field are found at three physically\ninteresting electron concentrations ranging from a quarter up to a half\nfilling. In absence of the magnetic field existence of spatially anisotropic\nstructures requires a fractional electron concentration, where a significant\ninfluence of spatial orientation of an electric field is observed. It turns out\nthat the investigated model exhibits a rotating magnetoelectric effect at all\nthree concentrations with one or two consecutive critical points in presence of\nmagnetic field. At the same time, the rotating electric field has a significant\neffect on a critical value of an electrostatic potential, which can be enhanced\nor lowered upon changing the electron hopping and the magnitude of an applied\nmagnetic field. Finally, we have found an intriguing interchange of magnetic\norder between the horizontal and vertical directions driven by a rotation of\nthe electric field, which is however destabilized upon strengthening of the\nmagnetic field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shape transformations of a model of self-avoiding triangulated surfaces\n  of sphere topology: We study a surface model with a self-avoiding (SA) interaction using the\ncanonical Monte Carlo simulation technique on fixed-connectivity (FC)\ntriangulated lattices of sphere topology. The model is defined by an area\nenergy, a deficit angle energy, and the SA potential. A pressure term is also\nincluded in the Hamiltonian. The volume enclosed by the surface is well defined\nbecause of the self-avoidance. We focus on whether or not the interaction\ninfluences the phase structure of the FC model under two different conditions\nof pressure ${\\it \\Delta} p$; zero and small negative. The results are compared\nwith the previous results of the self-intersecting model, which has a rich\nvariety of phases; the smooth spherical phase, the tubular phase, the linear\nphase, and the collapsed phase. We find that the influence of the SA\ninteraction on the multitude of phases is almost negligible except for the\nevidence that no crumpled surface appears under ${\\it \\Delta} p\\=\\0$ at least\neven in the limit of zero bending rigidity $\\alpha\\to \\0$. The Hausdorff\ndimension is obtained in the limit of $\\alpha\\to \\0$ and compared with previous\nresults of SA models, which are different from the one in this paper.",
        "positive": "Partial Decoherence and Thermalization through Time-Domain Ergodicity: An approach, differing from two commonly used methods (the stochastic \\SE \\\nand the master equation \\cite {Schlosshauer,BieleA}) but entrenched in the\ntraditional density matrix formalism, is developed in a semi-classical setting,\nso as to go from the solutions of the time dependent \\SE to decohering and\nthermalized states. This is achieved by utilizing the time-ergodicity, rather\nthan the sampling- (or ensemble-) ergodicity, of physical systems.\n  We introduce the formalism through a study of the Rabi model (a two level\nsystem coupled to an oscillator) and show that our semi-classical version\nexhibits, both qualitatively and quantitatively, many features of state\ntruncation and equilibration \\cite {AllahverdyanBN}. We then study the time\nevolution of two qubits in interaction with a bosonic environment, such that\nthe energy scale of one qubit is much larger, and that of the other much\nsmaller than the environment's energy scale. The small energy qubit decoheres\nto a mixture, while the high energy qubit is protected through the adiabatic\ntheorem. However, an inter-qubit coupling generates an overall decoherence and\nleads for some values of the coupling to long term revivals in the state\noccupations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The classical $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg model on the Kagome lattice: Motivated by earlier simulated annealing studies and materials with large\nspin on the Kagome lattice, we performed large scale parallel tempering\nsimulations on the Kagome lattice for the extended classical Heisenberg model\nincluding next nearest neighbor interactions. We find that even a small\ninclusion of a $J_2$ term induces anti-ferromagnetic order which prevails in\nthe thermodynamic limit. The magnitude of this effect is surprising. While at\n$J_2=0$ the finite-size behaviour does not suggest a phase-transition, at other\npoints the numerical result is consistent with one. Close to $J_2=0$ and for a\npositive sign of $J_2$ two subsequent phase-transitions/crossovers are found,\none of them connecting to the crossover for the $J_2=0$ case, shedding light to\nthe pure case. The universality classes of the transitions were explored.",
        "positive": "Semiclassical echo dynamics in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model: The existence of a quantum butterfly effect in the form of exponential\nsensitivity to small perturbations has been under debate for a long time.\nLately, this question gained increased interest due to the proposal to probe\nchaotic dynamics and scrambling using out-of-time-order correlators. In this\nwork we study echo dynamics in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model under effective time\nreversal in a semiclassical approach. We demonstrate that small imperfections\nintroduced in the time-reversal procedure result in an exponential divergence\nfrom the perfect echo, which allows to identify a Lyapunov exponent\n$\\lambda_L$. In particular, we find that $\\lambda_L$ is twice the Lyapunov\nexponent of the semiclassical equations of motion. This behavior is attributed\nto the growth of an out-of-time-order double commutator that resembles an\nout-of-time-order correlator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rigorous results on the local equilibrium kinetics of a protein folding\n  model: A local equilibrium approach for the kinetics of a simplified protein folding\nmodel, whose equilibrium thermodynamics is exactly solvable, was developed in\n[M. Zamparo and A. Pelizzola, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 068106 (2006)]. Important\nproperties of this approach are (i) the free energy decreases with time, (ii)\nthe exact equilibrium is recovered in the infinite time limit, (iii) the\nequilibration rate is an upper bound of the exact one and (iv) computational\ncomplexity is polynomial in the number of variables. Moreover, (v) this method\nis equivalent to another approximate approach to the kinetics: the path\nprobability method. In this paper we give detailed rigorous proofs for the\nabove results.",
        "positive": "Theory of Critical Phenomena with Memory: Memory is a ubiquitous characteristic of complex systems and critical\nphenomena are one of the most intriguing phenomena in nature. Here, we propose\nan Ising model with memory and develop a corresponding theory of critical\nphenomena with memory for complex systems and discovered a series of surprising\nnovel results. We show that a naive theory of a usual Hamiltonian with a direct\ninclusion of a power-law decaying long-range temporal interaction violates\nradically a hyperscaling law for all spatial dimensions even at and below the\nupper critical dimension. This entails both indispensable consideration of the\nHamiltonian for dynamics, rather than the usual practice of just focusing on\nthe corresponding dynamic Lagrangian alone, and transformations that result in\na correct theory in which space and time are inextricably interwoven, leading\nto an effective spatial dimension that repairs the hyperscaling law. The theory\ngives rise to a set of novel mean-field critical exponents, which are different\nfrom the usual Landau ones, as well as new universality classes. These\nexponents are verified by numerical simulations of the Ising model with memory\nin two and three spatial dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical and stationary critical behavior of the Ising ferromagnet in a\n  thermal gradient: In this paper we present and discuss results of Monte Carlo numerical\nsimulations of the two-dimensional Ising ferromagnet in contact with a heat\nbath that intrinsically has a thermal gradient. The extremes of the magnet are\nat temperatures $T_1<T_c<T_2$, where $T_c$ is the Onsager critical temperature.\nIn this way one can observe a phase transition between an ordered phase\n($T<T_c$) and a disordered one ($T>T_c$) by means of a single simulation. By\nstarting the simulations with fully disordered initial configurations with\nmagnetization $m\\equiv 0$ corresponding to $T=\\infty$, which are then suddenly\nannealed to a preset thermal gradient, we study the short-time critical dynamic\nbehavior of the system. Also, by setting a small initial magnetization $m=m_0$,\nwe study the critical initial increase of the order parameter. Furthermore, by\nstarting the simulations from fully ordered configurations, which correspond to\nthe ground state at T=0 and are subsequently quenched to a preset gradient, we\nstudy the critical relaxation dynamics of the system. Additionally, we perform\nstationary measurements ($t\\rightarrow\\infty$) that are discussed in terms of\nthe standard finite-size scaling theory. We conclude that our numerical\nsimulation results of the Ising magnet in a thermal gradient, which are\nrationalized in terms of both dynamic and standard scaling arguments, are fully\nconsistent with well established results obtained under equilibrium conditions.",
        "positive": "Comparison of canonical and microcanonical definitions of entropy: For more than 100 years, one of the central concepts in statistical mechanics\nhas been the microcanonical ensemble, which provides a way of calculating the\nthermodynamic entropy for a specified energy. A controversy has recently\nemerged between two distinct definitions of the entropy based on the\nmicrocanonical ensemble: (1) The Boltzmann entropy, defined by the density of\nstates at a specified energy, and (2) The Gibbs entropy, defined by the sum or\nintegral of the density of states below a specified energy. A critical\ndifference between the consequences of these definitions pertains to the\nconcept of negative temperatures, which by the Gibbs definition, cannot exist.\nIn this paper, we call into question the fundamental assumption that the\nmicrocanonical ensemble should be used to define the entropy. Our argument is\nbased on a recently proposed canonical definition of the entropy as a function\nof energy. We investigate the predictions of the Boltzmann, Gibbs, and\ncanonical definitions for a variety of classical and quantum models, including\nmodels which exhibit a first-order phase transition. Our results support the\nvalidity of the concept of negative temperature, but not for all models with a\ndecreasing density of states. We find that only the canonical entropy\nconsistently predicts the correct thermodynamic properties, while\nmicrocanonical definitions of entropy, including those of Boltzmann and Gibbs,\nare correct only for a limited set of simple models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field theory for the dynamics of the open $O(N)$ model: A field theory approach for the nonequilibrium relaxation dynamics in open\nsystems at late times is developed. In the absence of conservation laws, all\nexcitations are subject to dissipation. Nevertheless, ordered stationary states\nsatisfy Goldstone's theorem. It implies a vanishing damping rate at small\nmomenta, which in turn allows for competition between environment-induced\ndissipation and thermalization due to collisions. We derive the dynamic theory\nin the symmetry-broken phase of an $O(N)$-symmetric field theory based on an\nexpansion of the two-particle irreducible (2PI) effective action to\nnext-to-leading order in $1/N$ and highlight the analogies and differences to\nthe corresponding theory for closed systems. A central result of this approach\nis the systematic derivation of an \\emph{open-system Boltzmann equation}, which\ntakes a very different form from its closed-system counterpart due to the\nabsence of well-defined quasiparticles. As a consequence of the general\nstructure of its derivation, it applies to open, gapless field theories that\nsatisfy certain testable conditions, which we identify here. Specifically for\nthe $O(N)$ model, we use scaling analysis and numerical simulations to show\nthat interactions are screened efficiently at small momenta and, therefore, the\nlate-time evolution is effectively collisionless. This implies that\nfluctuations induced by a quench dissipate into the environment before they\nthermalize. Goldstone's theorem also constrains the dynamics far from\nequilibrium, which is used to show that the order parameter equilibrates more\nquickly for quenches preserving the $O(N)$ symmetry than those breaking it\nexplicitly.",
        "positive": "Thermal History of Solid 4He Under Oscillation: We have studied the thermal history of the resonant frequency of a torsional\noscillator containing solid 4He. We find that the magnitude of the frequency\nshift that occurs below 100 mK is multivalued in the low temperature limit,\nwith the exact value depending on how the state is prepared. This result can be\nqualitatively explained in terms of the motion and pinning of quantized\nvortices within the sample. Several aspects of the data are also consistent\nwith the response of dislocation lines to oscillating stress fields imposed on\nthe solid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reversal of magnetisation in Ising ferromagnet by the field having\n  gradient: We have studied the reversal of magnetisation in Ising ferromagnet by the\nfield having gradient along a particular direction. We employed the Monte Carlo\nsimulation with Metropolis single spin flip algorithm. The average lifetime of\nthe metastable state was observed to increase with the magnitude of the\ngradient of applied field. In the high gradient regime, the system was observed\nto show two distinct region of up and down spins. The interface or the domain\nwall was observed to move as one increases the gradient. The displacement of\nthe mean position of the interface was observed to increase with the gradient\nas hyperbolic tangent function. The roughness of the interface was observed to\ndecay exponentially as the gradient increases. The number of spin flip per site\nwas observed to show a discontinuity in the vicinity of the domain wall. The\namount of the discontinuity was found to diverge with the system size as a\npower law fashion with an exponent 5/3.",
        "positive": "Entropy of Sharp Restart: Restart has the potential of expediting or impeding the completion times of\ngeneral random processes. Consequently, the issue of mean-performance takes\ncenter stage: quantifying how the application of restart on a process of\ninterest impacts its completion-time's mean. Going beyond the mean, little is\nknown on how restart affects stochasticity measures of the completion time.\nThis paper is the first in a duo of studies that address this knowledge gap\nvia: a comprehensive analysis that quantifies how sharp restart -- a keystone\nrestart protocol -- impacts the completion-time's Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon\nentropy. The analysis establishes closed-form results for sharp restart with\ngeneral timers, with fast timers (high-frequency resetting), and with slow\ntimers (low-frequency resetting). These results share a common structure:\ncomparing the completion-time's hazard rate to a flat benchmark -- the constant\nhazard rate of an exponential distribution whose entropy is equal to the\ncompletion-time's entropy. In addition, using an information-geometric approach\nbased on Kullback-Leibler distances, the analysis establishes results that\ndetermine the very existence of timers with which the application of sharp\nrestart decreases or increases the completion-time's entropy. Our work sheds\nfirst light on the intricate interplay between restart and randomness -- as\ngauged by the Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon entropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic bifurcation of FitzHugh-Nagumo ensembles subjected to\n  additive and/or multiplicative noises: We have studied the dynamical properties of finite $N$-unit FitzHugh-Nagumo\n(FN) ensembles subjected to additive and/or multiplicative noises,\nreformulating the augmented moment method (AMM) with the Fokker-Planck equation\n(FPE) method [H. Hasegawa, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. {\\bf 75}, 033001 (2006)]. In the\nAMM, original $2N$-dimensional stochastic equations are transformed to\neight-dimensional deterministic ones, and the dynamics is described in terms of\naverages and fluctuations of local and global variables. The stochastic\nbifurcation is discussed by a linear stability analysis of the {\\it\ndeterministic} AMM equations. The bifurcation transition diagram of\nmultiplicative noise is rather different from that of additive noise: the\nformer has the wider oscillating region than the latter. The synchronization in\nglobally coupled FN ensembles is also investigated. Results of the AMM are in\ngood agreement with those of direct simulations (DSs).",
        "positive": "The Sznajd Consensus Model with Continuous Opinions: In the consensus model of Sznajd, opinions are integers and a randomly chosen\npair of neighbouring agents with the same opinion forces all their neighbours\nto share that opinion. We propose a simple extension of the model to continuous\nopinions, based on the criterion of bounded confidence which is at the basis of\nother popular consensus models. Here the opinion s is a real number between 0\nand 1, and a parameter \\epsilon is introduced such that two agents are\ncompatible if their opinions differ from each other by less than \\epsilon. If\ntwo neighbouring agents are compatible, they take the mean s_m of their\nopinions and try to impose this value to their neighbours. We find that if all\nneighbours take the average opinion s_m the system reaches complete consensus\nfor any value of the confidence bound \\epsilon. We propose as well a weaker\nprescription for the dynamics and discuss the corresponding results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analysis of fluctuations in the first return times of random walks on\n  regular branched networks: The first return time (FRT) is the time it takes a random walker to first\nreturn to its original site, and the global first passage time (GFPT) is the\nfirst passage time for a random walker to move from a randomly selected site to\na given site. We find that in finite networks the variance of FRT, Var(FRT),\ncan be expressed Var(FRT)~$=2\\langle$FRT$ \\rangle \\langle $GFPT$ \\rangle\n-\\langle $FRT$ \\rangle^2-\\langle $FRT$ \\rangle$, where $\\langle \\cdot \\rangle$\nis the mean of the random variable. Therefore a method of calculating the\nvariance of FRT on general finite networks is presented. We then calculate\nVar(FRT) and analyze the fluctuation of FRT on regular branched networks (i.e.,\nCayley tree) by using Var(FRT) and its variant as the metric. We find that the\nresults differ from those in such other networks as Sierpinski gaskets, Vicsek\nfractals, T-graphs, pseudofractal scale-free webs, ($u,v$) flowers, and fractal\nand non-fractal scale-free trees.",
        "positive": "Energy flow and fluctuations in non-equilibrium conformal field theory\n  on star graphs: We consider non-equilibrium quantum steady states in conformal field theory\n(CFT) on star-graph configurations, with a particular, simple connection\ncondition at the vertex of the graph. These steady states occur after a large\ntime as a result of initially thermalizing the legs of the graph at different\ntemperatures, and carry energy flows. Using purely Virasoro algebraic\ncalculations we evaluate the exact long-time cumulant generating function for\nthese flows. We show that this function satisfies a generalization of the usual\nnon-equilibrium fluctuation relations. This extends the results by two of the\nauthors (J. Phys. A 45: 362001, 2012; arXiv:1302.3125) to the cases of more\nthan two legs. It also provides an alternative derivation centered on Virasoro\nalgebra operators rather than local fields, hence an alternative regularization\nscheme, thus confirming the validity and universality of the long-time cumulant\ngenerating function. Our derivation shows how the usual Virasoro algebra leads,\nin large volumes, to a continuous-index Virasoro algebra for which we develop\ndiagramatic principles, which may be of interest in other non-equilibrium\ncontexts as well. Finally, our results shed light on the Poisson process\ninterpretation of the long-time energy transfer in CFT."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous diffusion in a quenched-trap model on fractal lattices: Models with mixed origins of anomalous subdiffusion have been considered\nimportant for understanding transport in biological systems. Here, one such\nmixed model, the quenched trap model (QTM) on fractal lattices, is\ninvestigated. It is shown that both ensemble- and time-averaged mean square\ndisplacements (MSDs) show subdiffusion with different scaling exponents, i.e.,\nthis system shows weak ergodicity breaking. Moreover, time-averaged MSD\nexhibits aging and converges to a random variable following the modified\nMittag--Leffler distribution. It is also shown that the QTM on a fractal\nlattice can not be reduced to the continuous-time random walks, if the spectral\ndimension of the fractal lattice is less than 2.",
        "positive": "$1/f$ noise and avalanche scaling in plastic deformation: We study the intermittency and noise of dislocation systems undergoing shear\ndeformation. Simulations of a simple two-dimensional discrete dislocation\ndynamics model indicate that the deformation rate exhibits a power spectrum\nscaling of the type $1/f^{\\alpha}$. The noise exponent is far away from a\nLorentzian, with $\\alpha \\approx 1.5$. This result is directly related to the\nway the durations of avalanches of plastic deformation activity scale with\ntheir size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dispersion Coefficients by a Field-Theoretic Renormalization of Fluid\n  Mechanics: We consider subtle correlations in the scattering of fluid by randomly placed\nobstacles, which have been suggested to lead to a diverging dispersion\ncoefficient at long times for high Peclet numbers, in contrast to finite\nmean-field predictions. We develop a new master equation description of the\nfluid mechanics that incorporates the physically relevant fluctuations, and we\ntreat those fluctuations by a renormalization group procedure. We find a finite\ndispersion coefficient at low volume fraction of disorder and high Peclet\nnumbers.",
        "positive": "Non-analytic dependence of the transition temperature of the homogeneous\n  dilute Bose gas on scattering length: We show that the shift in the transition temperature of the dilute\nhomogeneous Bose gas is non-analytic in the scattering amplitude, $a$. The\nfirst correction beyond the positive linear shift in $a$ is negative and of\norder $a^2\\ln a$. This non-universal non-analytic structure indicates how the\ndiscrepancies between numerical calculations at finite $a$ can be reconciled\nwith calculations of the limit $a \\to0$, since the linearity is apparent only\nfor anomalously small $a$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation and critical O($n$) loop configurations: We study a percolation problem based on critical loop configurations of the\nO($n$) loop model on the honeycomb lattice. We define dual clusters as groups\nof sites on the dual triangular lattice that are not separated by a loop, and\ninvestigate the the bond-percolation properties of these dual clusters. The\nuniversal properties at the percolation threshold are argued to match those of\nKasteleyn-Fortuin random clusters in the critical Potts model. This relation is\nchecked numerically by means of cluster simulations of several O($n$) models in\nthe range $1\\leq n \\leq 2$. The simulation results include the percolation\nthreshold for several values of $n$, as well as the universal exponents\nassociated with bond dilution and the size distribution of the diluted clusters\nat the percolation threshold. Our numerical results for the exponents are in\nagreement with existing Coulomb gas results for the random-cluster model, which\nconfirms the relation between both models. We discuss the renormalization flow\nof the bond-dilution parameter $p$ as a function of $n$, and provide an\nexpression that accurately describes a line of unstable fixed points as a\nfunction of $n$, corresponding with the percolation threshold. Furthermore, the\nrenormalization scenario indicates the existence, in $p$ versus $n$ diagram,\nanother line of fixed points at $p=1$, which is stable with respect to $p$.",
        "positive": "Lattice star and acyclic branched polymer vertex exponents in 3d: Numerical values of lattice star entropic exponents $\\gamma_f$, and star\nvertex exponents $\\sigma_f$, are estimated using parallel implementations of\nthe PERM and Wang-Landau algorithms. Our results show that the numerical\nestimates of the vertex exponents deviate from predictions of the\n$\\epsilon$-expansion and confirms and improves on estimates in the literature.\n  We also estimate the entropic exponents $\\gamma_\\mathcal{G}$ of a few acyclic\nbranched lattice networks with comb and brush connectivities. In particular, we\nconfirm within numerical accuracy the scaling relation $$\n\\gamma_{\\mathcal{G}}-1 = \\sum_{f\\geq 1} m_f \\, \\sigma_f $$ for a comb and two\nbrushes (where $m_f$ is the number of nodes of degree $f$ in the network) using\nour independent estimates of $\\sigma_f$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fermionic Heisenberg Glasses with BCS Pairing Interaction: We have analyzed a fermionic infinite-ranged quantum Heisenberg spin glass\nwith BCS coupling in real space in the presence of a magnetic field. It has\nbeen possible to locate the transition line between the normal paramagnetic\nphase (NP) and the phase where there is a long range order corresponding to\npair formation in sites (PAIR). The nature of the transition line is also\ninvestigated. This transition ends at Tf, the transition temperature between NP\nand spin glass phase (SG) where the static approximation and replica symmetry\nansatz are reliable.",
        "positive": "Solvable reaction-diffusion processes without exclusion: For reaction-diffusion processes without exclusion, in which the particles\ncan exist in the same site of a one-dimensional lattice, we study all the\nintegrable models which can be obtained by imposing a boundary condition on the\nmaster equation of the asymmetric diffusion process. The annihilation process\nis also added. The Bethe ansatz solution and the exact N-particle conditional\nprobabilities are obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hysteresis in the zero-temperature random field Ising model on directed\n  random graphs: We use zero-temperature Glauber dynamics to study hysteresis in the\nrandom-field Ising model on directed random graphs. The critical behavior of\nthe model depends on the connectivity $z$ of the graph rather differently from\nthat on undirected graphs. Directed graphs and zero-temperature dynamics are\nrelevant to a wide class of social phenomena including opinion dynamics. We\ndiscuss the efficacy of increasing external influence in inducing a first-order\nphase transition in opinion dynamics. The numerical results are supported by an\nanalytic solution of the model.",
        "positive": "Random Polymers and Generalized Urn Processes: We describe a microcanonical approach for polymer models that combines\natmospheric methods with urn theory. We show that Large Deviation Properties of\nurn models can provide quite deep mathematical insight by analyzing the Random\nWalk Range problem in $\\mathbb{Z}^{d}$. We also provide a new mean field theory\nfor the Range Problem that is exactly solvable by analogy with the Bagchi-Pal\nurn model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviations for continuous time random walks: Recently observation of random walks in complex environments like the cell\nand other glassy systems revealed that the spreading of particles, at its\ntails, follows a spatial exponential decay instead of the canonical Gaussian.\nWe use the widely applicable continuous time random walk model and obtain the\nlarge deviation description of the propagator. Under mild conditions that the\nmicroscopic jump lengths distribution is decaying exponentially or faster i.e.\nL\\'evy like power law distributed jump lengths are excluded, and that the\ndistribution of the waiting times is analytical for short waiting times, the\nspreading of particles follows an exponential decay at large distances, with a\nlogarithmic correction. Here we show how anti-bunching of jump events reduces\nthe effect, while bunching and intermittency enhances it. We employ exact\nsolutions of the continuous time random walk model to test the large deviation\ntheory.",
        "positive": "Realistic Models of Biological Motion: The origin of biological motion can be traced back to the function of\nmolecular motor proteins. Cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin transport organelles\nwithin our cells moving along a polymeric filament, the microtubule. The motion\nof the myosin molecules along the actin filaments is responsible for the\ncontraction of our muscles. Recent experiments have been able to reveal some\nimportant features of the motion of individual motor proteins, and a new\nstatistical physical description - often referred to as ``thermal ratchets'' -\nhas been developed for the description of motion of these molecules. In this\napproach the motors are considered as Brownian particles moving along\none-dimensional periodic structures due to the effect of nonequilibrium\nfluctuations. Assuming specific types of interaction between the particles the\nmodels can be made more realistic. We have been able to give analytic solutions\nfor our model of kinesin with elastically coupled Brownian heads and for the\nmotion of the myosin filament where the motors are connected through a rigid\nbackbone. Our theoretical predictions are in a very good agreement with the\nvarious experimental results. In addition, we have considered the effects\narising as a result of interaction among a large number of molecular motors,\nleading to a number of novel cooperative transport phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extended Scaling for the high dimension and square lattice Ising\n  Ferromagnets: In the high dimension (mean field) limit the susceptibility and the second\nmoment correlation length of the Ising ferromagnet depend on temperature as\nchi(T)=tau^{-1} and xi(T)=T^{-1/2}tau^{-1/2} exactly over the entire\ntemperature range above the critical temperature T_c, with the scaling variable\ntau=(T-T_c)/T. For finite dimension ferromagnets temperature dependent\neffective exponents can be defined over all T using the same expressions. For\nthe canonical two dimensional square lattice Ising ferromagnet it is shown that\ncompact \"extended scaling\" expressions analogous to the high dimensional limit\nforms give accurate approximations to the true temperature dependencies, again\nover the entire temperature range from T_c to infinity. Within this approach\nthere is no cross-over temperature in finite dimensions above which\nmean-field-like behavior sets in.",
        "positive": "Counterintuitive ground states in soft-core models: It is well known that statistical mechanics systems exhibit subtle behavior\nin high dimensions. In this paper, we show that certain natural soft-core\nmodels, such as the Gaussian core model, have unexpectedly complex ground\nstates even in relatively low dimensions. Specifically, we disprove a\nconjecture of Torquato and Stillinger, who predicted that dilute ground states\nof the Gaussian core model in dimensions 2 through 8 would be Bravais lattices.\nWe show that in dimensions 5 and 7, there are in fact lower-energy non-Bravais\nlattices. (The nearest three-dimensional analog is the hexagonal close-packing,\nbut it has higher energy than the face-centered cubic lattice.) We believe\nthese phenomena are in fact quite widespread, and we relate them to\ndecorrelation in high dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Model for Heat Conduction in Nanofluids\": A Comment on the Letter by D. Hemanth Kumar et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93,\n144301 (2004)",
        "positive": "The chemical birth-death process with Gillespie noise: A nontrivial technical issue has long plagued the literature on stochastic\npath integrals: it is not clear which definition is correct in the case of\nmultiplicative/state-dependent noise. One reason for this is the unavailability\nof exactly solvable toy problems with state-dependent noise, that could in\nprinciple be used to compare the correctness of different approaches. In this\npaper, we provide an exact path integral calculation of the transition\nprobability corresponding to a one-dimensional system with state-dependent\nnoise. In particular, we solve the chemical birth-death process with Gillespie\nnoise (the canonical continuous approximation to the discrete birth-death\nprocess often used as a toy model in chemical kinetics) using a\nMartin-Siggia-Rose-Janssen-De Dominicis (MSRJD) path integral. We verify that\nour result is correct by solving the Fokker-Planck equation via eigenfunction\nexpansion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Model for Hydrodynamics in Kinetic Field Theory: In this work, we introduce an effective model for both ideal and viscous\nfluid dynamics within the framework of kinetic field theory (KFT). The main\napplication we have in mind is cosmic structure formation where gaseous\ncomponents need to be gravitationally coupled to dark matter. However, we\nexpect that the fluid model is much more widely applicable. The idea behind the\neffective model is similar to that of smoothed particle hydrodynamics. By\nintroducing mesoscopic particles equipped with a position, a momentum, and an\nenthalpy, we construct a free theory for such particles and derive suitable\ninteraction operators. We then show that the model indeed leads to the correct\nmacroscopic evolution equations, namely the continuity, Euler, Navier-Stokes,\nand energy conservation equations of both ideal and viscous hydrodynamics.",
        "positive": "Computing solution space properties of combinatorial optimization\n  problems via generic tensor networks: We introduce a unified framework to compute the solution space properties of\na broad class of combinatorial optimization problems. These properties include\nfinding one of the optimum solutions, counting the number of solutions of a\ngiven size, and enumeration and sampling of solutions of a given size. Using\nthe independent set problem as an example, we show how all these solution space\nproperties can be computed in the unified approach of generic tensor networks.\nWe demonstrate the versatility of this computational tool by applying it to\nseveral examples, including computing the entropy constant for hardcore lattice\ngases, studying the overlap gap properties, and analyzing the performance of\nquantum and classical algorithms for finding maximum independent sets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum counterpart of energy equipartition theorem for a dissipative\n  charged magneto-oscillator: Effect of dissipation, memory, and magnetic field: In this paper, we formulate and study the quantum counterpart of the energy\nequipartition theorem for a charged quantum particle moving in a harmonic\npotential in the presence of a uniform external magnetic field and linearly\ncoupled to a passive quantum heat bath through coordinate variables. The bath\nis modelled as a collection of independent quantum harmonic oscillators. We\nderive the closed form expressions for the mean kinetic and potential energies\nof the charged-dissipative-magneto-oscillator in the form $E_k = \\langle\n\\mathcal{E}_k \\rangle$ and $E_p = \\langle \\mathcal{E}_p \\rangle$ respectively,\nwhere $\\mathcal{E}_k$ and $\\mathcal{E}_p$ denote the average kinetic and\npotential energies of individual thermostat oscillators. The net averaging is\ntwo-fold, the first one being over the Gibbs canonical state for the\nthermostat, giving $\\mathcal{E}_k$ and $\\mathcal{E}_p$ and the second one\ndenoted by $\\langle . \\rangle$ being over the frequencies $\\omega$ of the bath\noscillators which contribute to $E_k$ and $E_p$ according to probability\ndistributions $\\mathcal{P}_k(\\omega)$ and $\\mathcal{P}_p(\\omega)$ respectively.\nThe relationship of the present quantum version of the equipartition theorem\nwith that of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (within the linear-response\ntheory framework) is also explored. Further, we investigate the influence of\nthe external magnetic field and the effect of different dissipation processes\nthrough Gaussian decay, Drude and radiation bath spectral density functions, on\nthe typical properties of $\\mathcal{P}_k(\\omega)$ and $\\mathcal{P}_p(\\omega)$.\nFinally, the role of system-bath coupling strength and the memory effect is\nanalyzed in the context of average kinetic and potential energies of the\ndissipative charged magneto-oscillator.",
        "positive": "Mean-field scaling function of the universality class of absorbing phase\n  transitions with a conserved field: We consider two mean-field like models which belong to the universality class\nof absorbing phase transitions with a conserved field. In both cases we derive\nanalytically the order parameter as function of the control parameter and of an\nexternal field conjugated to the order parameter. This allows us to calculate\nthe universal scaling function of the mean-field behavior. The obtained\nuniversal function is in perfect agreement with recently obtained numerical\ndata of the corresponding five and six dimensional models, showing that four is\nthe upper critical dimension of this particular universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size Gap, Magnetization, and Entanglement of Deformed Fredkin\n  Spin Chain: We investigate ground- and excited-state properties of the deformed Fredkin\nspin chain proposed by Salberger, Zhang, Klich, Korepin, and the authors. This\nmodel is a one-parameter deformation of the Fredkin spin chain, whose\nHamiltonian is $3$-local and translationally invariant in the bulk. The model\nis frustration-free and its unique ground state can be expressed as a weighted\nsuperposition of colored Dyck paths. We focus on the case where the deformation\nparameter $t>1$. By using a variational method, we prove that the finite-size\ngap decays at least exponentially with increasing the system size. We prove\nthat the magnetization in the ground state is along the $z$-direction, namely\n$\\langle s^x \\rangle =\\langle s^y \\rangle=0$, and show that the $z$-component\n$\\langle s^z \\rangle$ exhibits a domain-wall structure. We then study the\nentanglement properties of the chain. In particular, we derive upper and lower\nbounds for the von Neumann and R\\'enyi entropies, and entanglement spectrum for\nany bipartition of the chain.",
        "positive": "Probabilistic Foundations of Statistical Mechanics: A Bayesian Approach: We examine the fundamental aspects of statistical mechanics, dividing the\nproblem into a discussion purely about probability, which we analyse from a\nBayesian standpoint. We argue that the existence of a unique maximising\nprobability distribution $\\{p(j\\vert K)\\}$ for states labelled by $j$ given\ndata $K$ implies that the corresponding maximal value of the information\nentropy $\\sigma(\\{(p_j\\vert K)\\}) = -\\sum_j (p_j \\vert K)\\ln{(p_j\\vert K)}$\ndepends explicitly on the data at equilibrium and on the Hamiltonian of the\nsystem. As such, it is a direct measure of our uncertainty about the exact\nstate of the body and can be identified with the traditional thermodynamic\nentropy. We consider the well known microcanonical, canonical and grand\ncanonical methods and ensure that the fluctuations about mean values are\ngenerally minuscule for macroscopic systems before identifying these mean\nvalues with experimental observables and thereby connecting to many standard\nresults from thermodynamics. Unexpectedly, we find that it is not generally\npossible for a quantum process to be both isentropic and reversibly adiabatic.\nThis is in sharp contrast to traditional thermodynamics where it is assumed\nthat isentropic, reversible adiabatic processes can be summoned up on demand\nand easily realised. By contrast, we find that linear relations between\npressures $P_j$ and energies $E_j$ are necessary and sufficient conditions for\na quasi-static and adiabatic change to be isentropic, but, of course, this\nrelationship only holds for a few especially simple systems, such as the\nperfect gas, and is not generally true for more complicated systems. By\nconsidering the associated entropy increases up to second order in small volume\nchanges we argue that the consequences are in practice negligible."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Operator content of real-space entanglement spectra at conformal\n  critical points: We provide numerical evidence that the low-lying part of the entanglement\nspectrum of a real-space block (i.e. a single interval) of a one-dimensional\nquantum many body system at a conformal critical point corresponds to the\nenergy spectrum of a boundary conformal field theory (CFT). This correspondence\nallows to uncover a subset of the operator content of a conformal field theory\nby inspection of the entanglement spectrum of a single wave function, thus\nproviding important information on a CFT beyond its central charge. As a\npractical application we show that for many systems described by a compactified\nboson CFT, one can infer the compactification radius (governing e.g. the power\nlaw decay of correlation functions) of the theory in a simple way based on the\nentanglement spectrum.",
        "positive": "Scaling of bipartite entanglement in one-dimensional lattice systems\n  with a trapping potential: We study the effects of a power-law trapping potential on the scaling\nbehaviour of the entanglement at the quantum critical point of one-dimensional\n(1D) lattice particle systems. We compute bipartite von Neumann and Renyi\nentropies in the presence of the trap, and analyze their scaling behaviour with\nincreasing the trap size. As a theoretical laboratory, we consider the quantum\nXY chain in an external transverse field acting as a trap for the spinless\nfermions of its quadratic Hamiltonian representation. We then investigate\nconfined particle systems described by the 1D Bose-Hubbard model in the\nsuperfluid phase (around the center of the trap). In both cases conformal field\ntheory predicts logarithmically divergent bipartite entanglement entropies for\nthe homogeneous systems without trap. The presence of the trapping potential\nbreaks conformal invariance, affecting the critical behaviour of the\nhomogeneous system. Our results show that the bipartite entanglement entropies\ndiverge logarithmically with increasing the trap size, and present notable\nscaling behaviours in the trap-size scaling limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy, Macroscopic Information, and Phase Transitions: The relationship between entropy and information is reviewed, taking into\naccount that information is stored in macroscopic degrees of freedom, such as\nthe order parameter in a system exhibiting spontaneous symmetry breaking. It is\nshown that most problems of the relationship between entropy and information,\nembodied in a variety of Maxwell demons, are also present in any symmetry\nbreaking transition.",
        "positive": "A theory for Fluctuations in Stock Prices and Valuation of their Options: A new theory for pricing options of a stock is presented. It is based on the\nassumption that while successive variations in return are uncorrelated, the\nfrequency with which a stock is traded depends on the value of the return. The\nsolution to the Fokker-Planck equation is shown to be an asymmetric exponential\ndistribution, similar to those observed in intra-day currency markets. The\n\"volatility smile,\" used by traders to correct the Black-Scholes pricing is\nshown to provide an alternative mechanism to implement the new options pricing\nformulae derived from our theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Difficult Sudoku Puzzles Created by Replica Exchange Monte Carlo Method: An algorithm to create difficult Sudoku puzzles is proposed. An Ising\nspin-glass like Hamiltonian describing difficulty of puzzles is defined, and\ndifficult puzzles are created by minimizing the energy of the Hamiltonian. We\nadopt the replica exchange Monte Carlo method with simultaneous temperature\nadjustments to search lower energy states efficiently, and we succeed in\ncreating a puzzle which is the world hardest ever created in our definition, to\nour best knowledge. (Added on Mar. 11, the created puzzle can be solved easily\nby hand. Our definition of the difficulty is inappropriate.)",
        "positive": "The three-state Potts antiferromagnet on plane quadrangulations: We study the antiferromagnetic 3-state Potts model on general (periodic)\nplane quadrangulations $\\Gamma$. Any quadrangulation can be built from a dual\npair $(G,G^*)$. Based on the duality properties of $G$, we propose a new\ncriterion to predict the phase diagram of this model. If $\\Gamma$ is of\nself-dual type (i.e., if $G$ is isomorphic to its dual $G^*$), the model has a\nzero-temperature critical point with central charge $c=1$, and it is disordered\nat all positive temperatures. If $\\Gamma$ is of non-self-dual type (i.e., if\n$G$ is not isomorphic to $G^*$), three ordered phases coexist at low\ntemperature, and the model is disordered at high temperature. In addition,\nthere is a finite-temperature critical point (separating these two phases)\nwhich belongs to the universality class of the ferromagnetic 3-state Potts\nmodel with central charge $c=4/5$. We have checked these conjectures by\nstudying four (resp. seven) quadrangulations of self-dual (resp. non-self-dual)\ntype, and using three complementary high-precision techniques: Monte-Carlo\nsimulations, transfer matrices, and critical polynomials. In all cases, we find\nagreement with the conjecture. We have also found that the\nWang-Swendsen-Kotecky Monte Carlo algorithm does not have (resp. does have)\ncritical slowing down at the corresponding critical point on quadrangulations\nof self-dual (resp. non-self-dual) type."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical manipulation of Dirac points in the Kitaev honeycomb model: We study the effect of a half wave rectified sinusoidal electromagnetic (EM)\nwave on the Kitaev honeycomb model with an additional magneto-electric coupling\nterm {arising due to induced polarization of the bonds. Within the framework of\nFloquet analysis, we show that merging of a pair of Dirac points in the gapless\nregion of the Kitaev model leading to a semi-Dirac spectrum is indeed possible}\nby externally varying the amplitude and the phase of the EM field.",
        "positive": "The Prandtl-Tomlinson model of friction with stochastic driving: We consider the classical Prandtl-Tomlinson model of a particle moving on a\ncorrugated potential, pulled by a spring. In the usual situation in which\npulling acts at constant velocity $\\dot\\gamma$, the model displays an average\nfriction force $\\sigma$ that relates to $\\dot\\gamma$ (for small $\\dot\\gamma)$\nas $\\dot\\gamma\\sim (\\sigma-\\sigma_c)^\\beta$, where $\\sigma_c$ is a critical\nfriction force. The possible values of $\\beta$ are well known in terms of the\nanalytical properties of the corrugated potential. We study here the situation\nin which the pulling has, in addition to the constant velocity term, a\nstochastic term of mechanical origin (i.e, the total driving is a function of\n$\\dot\\gamma t$). We analytically show how this term modifies the force-velocity\ndependence close to the critical force, and give the value of $\\beta$ in terms\nof the analytical properties of the corrugation potential and the scaling\nproperties of the stochastic driving, encoded in the value of its Hurst\nexponent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging and intermittency in a p-spin model of a glass: We numerically analyze the statistics of the heat flow between an aging\nsystem and its thermal bath, following a method proposed and tested for a\nspin-glass model in a recent Letter (P. Sibani and H.J. Jensen, Europhys.\nLett.69, 563 (2005)). The present system, which lacks quenched randomness,\nconsists of Ising spins located on a cubic lattice, with each plaquette\ncontributing to the total energy the product of the four spins located at its\ncorners. Similarly to our previous findings, energy leaves the system in rare\nbut large, so called intermittent, bursts which are embedded in reversible and\nequilibrium-like fluctuations of zero average. The intermittent bursts, or\nquakes, dissipate the excess energy trapped in the initial state at a rate\nwhich falls off with the inverse of the age. This strongly heterogeneous\ndynamical picture is explained using the idea that quakes are triggered by\nenergy fluctuations of record size, which occur independently within a number\nof thermalized domains. From the temperature dependence of the width of the\nreversible heat fluctuations we surmise that these domains have an exponential\ndensity of states. Finally, we show that the heat flow consists of a\ntemperature independent term and a term with an Arrhenius temperature\ndependence. Microscopic dynamical and structural information can thus be\nextracted from numerical intermittency data. This type of analysis seems now\nwithin the reach of time resolved micro-calorimetry techniques.",
        "positive": "Steady state solutions of hydrodynamic traffic models: We investigate steady state solutions of hydrodynamic traffic models in the\nabsence of any intrinsic inhomogeneity on roads such as on-ramps. It is shown\nthat typical hydrodynamic models possess seven different types of inhomogeneous\nsteady state solutions. The seven solutions include those that have been\nreported previously only for microscopic models. The characteristic properties\nof wide jam such as moving velocity of its spatiotemporal pattern and/or\nout-flux from wide jam are shown to be uniquely determined and thus independent\nof initial conditions of dynamic evolution. Topological considerations suggest\nthat all of the solutions should be common to a wide class of traffic models.\nThe results are discussed in connection with the universality conjecture for\ntraffic models. Also the prevalence of the limit-cycle solution in a recent\nstudy of a microscopic model is explained in this approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Is it possible to experimentally verify the fluctuation relation? A\n  review of theoretical motivations and numerical evidence: The theoretical motivations to perform experimental tests of the stationary\nstate fluctuation relation are reviewed. The difficulties involved in such\ntests, evidenced by numerical simulations, are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Evolution of grammatical forms: some quantitative approaches: Grammatical forms are said to evolve via two main mechanisms. These are,\nrespectively, the `descent' mechanism, where current forms can be seen to have\ndescended (albeit with occasional modifications) from their roots in ancient\nlanguages, and the `contact' mechanism, where evolution in a given language\noccurs via borrowing from other languages with which it is in contact. We use\nideas and concepts from statistical physics to formulate a series of static and\ndynamical models which illustrate these issues in general terms. The static\nmodels emphasise the relative numbers of rules and exceptions, while the\ndynamical models focus on the emergence of exceptional forms. These unlikely\nsurvivors among various competing grammatical forms are winners against the\nodds. Our analysis suggests that they emerge when the influence of neighbouring\nlanguages exceeds the generic tendency towards regularisation within individual\nlanguages."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of charged solitons and formation of stripes: The 2-fold degeneracy of the ground state of a quasi-one-dimensional system\nallows it to support topological excitations such as solitons. We study the\ncombined effects of Coulomb interactions and confinement due to interchain\ncoupling on the statistics of such defects. We concentrate on a 2D case which\nmay correspond to monolayers of polyacetylene or other charge density waves.\nThe theory is developped by a mapping to the 2D Ising model with long-range\n4-spin interactions. The phase diagram exhibits deconfined phases for liquids\nand Wigner crystals of kinks and confined ones for bikinks. Also we find\naggregated phases with either infinite domain walls of kinks or finite rods of\nbikinks. Roughening effects due to both temperature and Coulomb repulsion are\nobserved. Applications may concern the melting of stripes in doped correlated\nmaterials.",
        "positive": "de Bruijn-type identity for systems with flux: We show that an information-theoretic relation called the de Bruijn-type\nidentity can be reformulated in a physical context with probability currents.\nThe time derivatives of relative entropies under the continuity equation are\npresented, which shows that the conservation of distance between a pair of\ndistributions is generally not guaranteed. As an important implication of these\nresults, we discuss and present a possible conceptual framework for the\nclassical no-cloning (deleting) theorem and qualitatively assert that we can\nattribute the perfect performance of the operating machine to the openness\n(non-vanishing flow at boundaries between the processing machine and the\nsystem) during the process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum phase transition in the spin-anisotropic quantum spherical model: Motivated by an analogy with the spin anisotropies in the quantum XY chain\nand its reformulation in terms of spin-less Majorana fermions, its bosonic\nanalogue, the spin-anisotropic quantum spherical model, is introduced. The\nexact solution of the model permits to analyse the influence of the\nspin-anisotropy on the phase diagram and the universality of the critical\nbehaviour in a new way, since the interactions of the quantum spins and their\nconjugate momenta create new effects. At zero temperature, a quantum critical\nline is found, which is in the same universality class as the thermal phase\ntransition in the classical spherical model in $d+1$ dimensions. The location\nof this quantum critical line shows a re-entrant quantum phase transition for\ndimensions $1<d\\lesssim 2.065$.",
        "positive": "A Novel Approach to Discontinuous Bond Percolation Transition: We introduce a bond percolation procedure on a $D$-dimensional lattice where\ntwo neighbouring sites are connected by $N$ channels, each operated by valves\nat both ends. Out of a total of $N$, randomly chosen $n$ valves are open at\nevery site. A bond is said to connect two sites if there is at least one\nchannel between them, which has open valves at both ends. We show analytically\nthat in all spatial dimensions, this system undergoes a discontinuous\npercolation transition in the $N\\to \\infty$ limit when\n  $\\gamma =\\frac{\\ln n}{\\ln N}$ crosses a threshold. It must be emphasized\nthat, in contrast to the ordinary percolation models, here the transition\noccurs even in one dimensional systems, albeit discontinuously. We also show\nthat a special kind of discontinuous percolation occurs only in one dimension\nwhen $N$ depends on the system size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relation between Boltzmann and Gibbs entropy and example with\n  multinomial distribution: General relationship between mean Boltzmann entropy and Gibbs entropy is\nestablished. It is found that their difference is equal to fluctuation entropy,\nwhich is a Gibbs-like entropy of macroscopic quantities. The ratio of the\nfluctuation entropy and mean Boltzmann, or Gibbs entropy vanishes in the\nthermodynamic limit for a system of distinguishable and independent particles.\nIt is argued that large fluctuation entropy clearly indicates the limit where\nstandard statistical approach should be modified, or extended using other\nmethods like renormalization group.",
        "positive": "Conceptual Inadequacy of the Shore and Johnson Axioms for Wide Classes\n  of Complex Systems: It is by now well known that the Boltzmann-Gibbs-von Neumann-Shannon\nlogarithmic entropic functional ($S_{BG}$) is inadequate for wide classes of\nstrongly correlated systems: see for instance the 2001 Brukner and Zeilinger's\n{\\it Conceptual inadequacy of the Shannon information in quantum measurements},\namong many other systems exhibiting various forms of complexity. On the other\nhand, the Shannon and Khinchin axioms uniquely mandate the BG form\n$S_{BG}=-k\\sum_i p_i \\ln p_i$; the Shore and Johnson axioms follow the same\npath. Many natural, artificial and social systems have been satisfactorily\napproached with nonadditive entropies such as the $S_q=k \\frac{1-\\sum_i\np_i^q}{q-1}$ one ($q \\in {\\cal R}; \\,S_1=S_{BG}$), basis of nonextensive\nstatistical mechanics. Consistently, the Shannon 1948 and Khinchine 1953\nuniqueness theorems have already been generalized in the literature, by Santos\n1997 and Abe 2000 respectively, in order to uniquely mandate $S_q$. We argue\nhere that the same remains to be done with the Shore and Johnson 1980 axioms.\nWe arrive to this conclusion by analyzing specific classes of strongly\ncorrelated complex systems that await such generalization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The role of the non-linearity in controlling the surface roughness in\n  the one-dimensional Kardar--Parisi--Zhang growth process: We explore linear control of the one-dimensional non-linear\nKardar--Parisi--Zhang (KPZ) equation with the goal to understand the effects\nthe control process has on the dynamics and on the stationary state of the\nresulting stochastic growth kinetics. In linear control, the intrinsic\nnon-linearity of the system is maintained at all times. In our protocol, the\ncontrol is applied to only a small number $n_c$ of Fourier modes. The\nstationary-state roughness is obtained analytically in the small-$n_c$ regime\nwith weak non-linear coupling wherein the controlled growth process is found to\nresult in Edwards--Wilkinson dynamics. Furthermore, when the non-linear KPZ\ncoupling is strong, we discern a regime where the controlled dynamics shows\nscaling in accordance to the KPZ universality class. We perform a detailed\nnumerical analysis to investigate the controlled dynamics subject to weak as\nwell as strong non-linearity. A first-order perturbation theory calculation\nsupports the simulation results in the weak non-linear regime. For strong\nnon-linearity, we find a temporal crossover between KPZ and dispersive growth\nregimes, with the crossover time scaling with the number $n_c$ of controlled\nFourier modes. We observe that the height distribution is positively skewed,\nindicating that as a consequence of the linear control, the surface morphology\ndisplays fewer and smaller hills than in the uncontrolled growth process, and\nthat the inherent size-dependent stationary-state roughness provides an upper\nlimit for the roughness of the controlled system.",
        "positive": "Density-Dependent Analysis of Nonequilibrium Paths Improves Free Energy\n  Estimates: When a system is driven out of equilibrium by a time-dependent protocol that\nmodifies the Hamiltonian, it follows a nonequilibrium path. Samples of these\npaths can be used in nonequilibrium work theorems to estimate equilibrium\nquantities, such as free energy differences. Here, we consider analyzing paths\ngenerated with one protocol using another one. It is posited that analysis\nprotocols which minimize the lag, the difference between the nonequilibrium and\nthe instantaneous equilibrium densities, will reduce the dissipation of\nreprocessed trajectories and lead to better free energy estimates. Indeed, when\nminimal lag analysis protocols based on exactly soluble propagators or relative\nentropies are applied to several test cases, substantial gains in the accuracy\nand precision of estimated free energy differences are observed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic dynamics of collective modes for Brownian dipoles: The individual motion of a colloidal particle is described by an overdamped\nLangevin equation. When rotational degrees of freedom are relevant, these are\ndescribed by a corresponding Langevin process. Our purpose is to show that the\nmicroscopic local density of colloids, in terms of a space and rotation state,\nalso evolves according to a Langevin equation. The latter can then be used as\nthe starting point of a variety of approaches, ranging from dynamical density\nfunctional theory to mode-coupling approximations.",
        "positive": "Shape transformations of a compartmentalized fluid surface: A surface model on compartmentalized spheres is studied by using the Monte\nCarlo simulation technique with dynamical triangulations. We found that the\nmodel exhibits a variety of phases: the spherical phase, the tubular phase, the\nplanar phase, the wormlike planar phase, the wormlike long phase, the wormlike\nshort phase, and the collapsed phase. It is also shown that almost all phases\nare separated from their neighboring phases by first-order transitions.\nMechanical strength of the surface is given only by elastic skeletons, which\nare the compartment boundaries, and vertices diffuse freely inside the\ncompartments. We confirm that the cytoskeletal structure and the lateral\ndiffusion of vertices are an origin of such a variety of phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Criticality and finite size effects in a simple realistic model of stock\n  market: We discuss a simple model based on the Minority Game which reproduces the\nmain stylized facts of anomalous fluctuations in finance. We present the\nanalytic solution of the model in the thermodynamic limit and show that\nstylized facts arise only close to a line of critical points with non-trivial\nproperties. By a simple argument, we show that, in Minority Games, the\nemergence of critical fluctuations close to the phase transition is governed by\nthe interplay between the signal to noise ratio and the system size. These\nresults provide a clear and consistent picture of financial markets as critical\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Green-function method in the theory of ultraslow electromagnetic waves\n  in an ideal gas with Bose-Einstein condensates: We propose a microscopic approach describing the interaction of an ideal gas\nof hydrogenlike atoms with a weak electromagnetic field. This approach is based\non the Green-function formalism and an approximate formulation of the method of\nsecond quantization for quantum many-particle systems in the presence of bound\nstates of particles. The dependencies of the propagation velocity and damping\nrate of electromagnetic pulses on the microscopic characteristics of the system\nare studied for a gas of hydrogenlike atoms. For a Bose-Einstein condensate of\nalkali-metal atoms we find the conditions when the electromagnetic waves of\nboth the optical and microwave regions are slowed. In the framework of the\nproposed approach, the influence of an external homogeneous and static magnetic\nfield on the slowing phenomenon is studied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport through interacting defects and lack of thermalisation: We consider 1D integrable systems supporting ballistic propagation of\nexcitations, perturbed by a localised defect that breaks most conservation laws\nand induces chaotic dynamics. Focusing on classical systems, we study an\nout-of-equilibrium protocol engineered activating the defect in an initially\nhomogeneous and far from the equilibrium state. We find that large enough\ndefects induce full thermalisation at their center, but nonetheless the\noutgoing flow of carriers emerging from the defect is non-thermal due to a\ngeneralization of the celebrated Boundary Thermal Resistance effect, occurring\nat the edges of the chaotic region. Our results are obtained combining\nab-initio numerical simulations for relatively small-sized defects, with the\nsolution of the Boltzmann equation, which becomes exact in the scaling limit of\nlarge, but weak defects.",
        "positive": "The fractal geometry of growth: fluctuation-dissipation theorem and\n  hidden symmetry: Growth in crystals can be { usually } described by field equations such as\nthe Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation. While the crystalline structure can be\ncharacterized by Euclidean geometry with its peculiar symmetries, the growth\ndynamics creates a fractal structure at the interface of a crystal and its\ngrowth medium, which in turn determines the growth. Recent work (The KPZ\nexponents for the 2+ 1 dimensions, MS Gomes-Filho, ALA Penna, FA Oliveira;\n\\textit{Results in Physics}, 104435 (2021)) associated the fractal dimension of\nthe interface with the growth exponents for KPZ, and provides explicit values\nfor them. In this work we discuss how the fluctuations and the responses to it\nare associated with this fractal geometry and the new hidden symmetry\nassociated with the universality of the exponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local correlations in the 1D Bose gas from a scaling limit of the XXZ\n  chain: We consider the K-body local correlations in the (repulsive) 1D Bose gas for\ngeneral K, both at finite size and in the thermodynamic limit. Concerning the\nlatter we develop a multiple integral formula which applies for arbitrary\nstates of the system with a smooth distribution of Bethe roots, including the\nground state and finite temperature Gibbs-states. In the cases K<=4 we perform\nthe explicit factorization of the multiple integral. In the case of K=3 we\nobtain the recent result of Kormos et.al., whereas our formula for K=4 is new.\nNumerical results are presented as well.",
        "positive": "A novel and precise time domain description of MOSFET low frequency\n  noise due to random telegraph signals: Nowadays, random telegraph signals play an important role in integrated\ncircuit performance variability, leading for instance to failures in memory\ncircuits. This problem is related to the successive captures and emissions of\nelectrons at the many traps stochastically distributed at the silicon-oxide\n(Si-SiO2) interface of MOS transistors. In this paper we propose a novel\nanalytical and numerical approach to statistically describe the fluctuations of\ncurrent due to random telegraph signal in time domain. Our results include two\ndistinct situations: when the density of interface trap density is uniform in\nenergy, and when it is an u-shape curve as prescribed in literature, here\ndescribed as simple quadratic function. We establish formulas for relative\nerror as function of the parameters related to capture and emission\nprobabilities. For a complete analysis experimental u-shape curves are used and\ncompared with the theoretical aproach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Record Statistics of Random Walks and L\u00e9vy Flights: It is shown that statistics of records for time series generated by random\nwalks are independent of the details of the jump distribution, as long as the\nlatter is continuous and symmetric. In N steps, the mean of the record\ndistribution grows as the sqrt(4N/pi) while the standard deviation grows as\nsqrt((2-4/pi) N), so the distribution is non-self-averaging. The mean shortest\nand longest duration records grow as sqrt(N/pi) and 0.626508... N,\nrespectively. The case of a discrete random walker is also studied, and similar\nasymptotic behavior is found.",
        "positive": "On the Generalized Kramers Problem with Exponential Memory Friction: The time-dependent transmission coefficient for the generalized Kramers\nproblem with exponential memory friction has recently been calculated by Kohen\nand Tannor [D. Kohen and D. J. Tannor, J. Chem. Phys. Vol. 103, 6013 (1995)]\nusing a procedure based on the method of reactive flux and the phase space\ndistribution function. Their analysis is restricted to the high friction regime\nor diffusion-limited regime. We recently developed a complementary theory for\nthe low-friction energy-diffusion-limited regime in the Markovian limit [Sancho\net al., cond-mat/9806001, to appear in J. Chem. Phys.]. Here we generalize our\nmethod to the case of an exponential dissipative memory kernel. We test our\nresults, as well as those of Kohen and Tannor, against numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractal PDF analysis for intermittent systems: The formula for probability density functions (PDFs) has been extended to\ninclude PDF for energy dissipation rates in addition to other PDFs such as for\nvelocity fluctuations, velocity derivatives, fluid particle accelerations,\nenergy transfer rates, etc, and it is shown that the formula actually explains\nvarious PDFs extracted from direct numerical simulations and experiments\nperformed in a wind tunnel. It is also shown that the formula with appropriate\nzooming increment corresponding to experimental situation gives a new route to\nobtain the scaling exponents of velocity structure function, including\nintermittency exponent, out of PDFs of velocity fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Simulation of Transport around the Coexistence Region of a Binary Fluid: We use Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations to study phase behavior\nand transport properties in a symmetric binary fluid where particles interact\nvia Lennard-Jones potential. Our results for the critical behavior of\ncollective transport properties, with particular emphasis on bulk viscosity, is\nunderstood via appropriate application of finite-size scaling technique. It\nappears that the critical enhancements in these quantities are visible far\nabove the critical point. This result is consistent with an earlier report from\ncomputer simulations where, however, the authors do not quantify the critical\nsingularity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics near the Surface Reconstruction of W(100): Using Brownian molecular dynamics simulation, we study the surface dynamics\nnear the reconstruction transition of W(100) via a model Hamiltonian. Results\nfor the softening and broadening of the surface phonon spectrum near the\ntransition are compared with previous calculations and with He atom scattering\ndata. From the critical behavior of the central peak in the dynamical structure\nfactor, we also estimate the exponent of the power law anomaly for adatom\ndiffusion near the transition temperature.",
        "positive": "Pechukas-Yukawa formalism for Landau-Zener transitions in the presence\n  of external noise: Quantum systems are prone to decoherence due to both intrinsic interactions\nas well as random fluctuations from the environment. Using the Pechukas-Yukawa\nformalism, we investigate the influence of noise on the dynamics of an\nadiabatically evolving Hamiltonian which can describe a quantum computer. Under\nthis description, the level dynamics of a parametrically perturbed quantum\nHamiltonian are mapped to the dynamics of 1D classical gas. We show that our\nframework coincides with the results of the classical Landau-Zener transitions\nupon linearisation. Furthermore, we determine the effects of external noise on\nthe level dynamics and its impact on Landau-Zener transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Grassmannization of classical models: Applying Feynman diagrammatics to non-fermionic strongly correlated models\nwith local constraints might seem generically impossible for two separate\nreasons: (i) the necessity to have a Gaussian (non-interacting) limit on top of\nwhich the perturbative diagrammatic expansion is generated by Wick's theorem,\nand (ii) the Dyson's collapse argument implying that the expansion in powers of\ncoupling constant is divergent. We show that for arbitrary classical lattice\nmodels both problems can be solved/circumvented by reformulating the\nhigh-temperature expansion (more generally, any discrete representation of the\nmodel) in terms of Grassmann integrals. Discrete variables residing on either\nlinks, plaquettes, or sites of the lattice are associated with the Grassmann\nvariables in such a way that the partition function (and correlations) of the\noriginal system and its Grassmann-field counterpart are identical. The\nexpansion of the latter around its Gaussian point generates Feynman diagrams. A\nproof-of-principle implementation is presented for the classical 2D Ising\nmodel. Our work paves the way for studying lattice gauge theories by treating\nbosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom on equal footing.",
        "positive": "Traffic of Molecular Motors: Molecular motors perform active movements along cytoskeletal filaments and\ndrive the traffic of organelles and other cargo particles in cells. In contrast\nto the macroscopic traffic of cars, however, the traffic of molecular motors is\ncharacterized by a finite walking distance (or run length) after which a motor\nunbinds from the filament along which it moves. Unbound motors perform Brownian\nmotion in the surrounding aqueous solution until they rebind to a filament. We\nuse variants of driven lattice gas models to describe the interplay of their\nactive movements, the unbound diffusion, and the binding/unbinding dynamics. If\nthe motor concentration is large, motor-motor interactions become important and\nlead to a variety of cooperative traffic phenomena such as traffic jams on the\nfilaments, boundary-induced phase transitions, and spontaneous symmetry\nbreaking in systems with two species of motors. If the filament is surrounded\nby a large reservoir of motors, the jam length, i.e., the extension of the\ntraffic jams is of the order of the walking distance. Much longer jams can be\nfound in confined geometries such as tube-like compartments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Capture-zone scaling in island nucleation: phenomenological theory of an\n  example of universal fluctuation behavior: In studies of island nucleation and growth, the distribution of capture\nzones, essentially proximity cells, can give more insight than island-size\ndistributions. In contrast to the complicated expressions, ad hoc or derived\nfrom rate equations, usually used, we find the capture-zone distribution can be\ndescribed by a simple expression generalizing the Wigner surmise from random\nmatrix theory that accounts for the distribution of spacings in a host of\nfluctuation phenomena. Furthermore, its single adjustable parameter can be\nsimply related to the critical nucleus of growth models and the substrate\ndimensionality. We compare with extensive published kinetic Monte Carlo data\nand limited experimental data. A phenomenological theory sheds light on the\nresult.",
        "positive": "Scaling behavior of quantum critical relaxation dynamics in a heat bath: We study the scaling behavior of the relaxation dynamics to thermal\nequilibrium when a quantum system is near the quantum critical point. In\nparticular, we investigate systems whose relaxation dynamics is described by a\nLindblad master equation. We find that the universal scaling behavior not only\nexhibits in the equilibrium stage at the long-time limit, but also manifests\nitself in the non-equilibrium relaxation process. While the critical behavior\nis dictated by the low-lying energy levels of the Hamiltonian, the dissipative\npart in the Lindblad equation also plays important roles in two aspects: First,\nthe dissipative part makes the high energy levels decay fast after which the\nuniversal behavior controlled by the low-lying modes emerges. Second, the\ndissipation rate gives rise to a time scale that affects the scaling behavior.\nWe confirm our theory by solving the Lindblad equation for the one-dimensional\ntransverse-field Ising model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Competing structures in two dimensions: square-to-hexagonal transition: We study a system of particles in two dimensions interacting via a dipolar\nlong-range potential $D/r^3$ and subject to a square-lattice substrate\npotential $V({\\bf r})$ with amplitude $V$ and lattice constant $b$. The\nisotropic interaction favors a hexagonal arrangement of the particles with\nlattice constant $a$, which competes against the square symmetry of the\nsubstrate lattice. We determine the minimal-energy states at fixed external\npressure $p$ generating the commensurate density $n = 1/b^2 = (4/3)^{1/2}/a^2$\nin the absence of thermal and quantum fluctuations, using both analytical and\nnumerical techniques. At large substrate amplitude $V > 0.2\\, e_D$, with $e_D =\nD/b^3$ the dipolar energy scale, the particles reside in the substrate minima\nand hence arrange in a square lattice. Upon decreasing $V$, the square lattice\nturns unstable with respect to a zone-boundary shear-mode and deforms into a\nperiod-doubled zig-zag lattice. Analytic and numerical results show that this\nperiod-doubled phase in turn becomes unstable at $V \\approx 0.074\\, e_D$\ntowards a non-uniform phase developing an array of domain walls or solitons; as\nthe density of solitons increases, the particle arrangement approaches that of\na rhombic (or isosceles triangular) lattice. At a yet smaller substrate value\nestimated as $V \\approx 0.046\\, e_D$, a further solitonic transition\nestablishes a second non-uniform phase which smoothly approaches the hexagonal\n(or equilateral triangular) lattice phase with vanishing amplitude $V$. At\nsmall but finite amplitude $V$, the hexagonal phase is distorted and\nhexatically locked at an angle of $\\varphi \\approx 3.8^\\circ$ with respect to\nthe substrate lattice. The square-to-hexagonal transformation in this\ntwo-dimensional commensurate-incommensurate system thus involves a complex\npathway with various non-trivial lattice- and modulated phases.",
        "positive": "Reply to Comment on \"Towards a large deviation theory for strongly\n  correlated systems\": The paper that is commented by Touchette contains a computational study which\nopens the door to a desirable generalization of the standard large deviation\ntheory (applicable to a set of $N$ nearly independent random variables) to\nsystems belonging to a special, though ubiquitous, class of strong\ncorrelations. It focuses on three inter-related aspects, namely (i) we exhibit\nstrong numerical indications which suggest that the standard exponential\nprobability law is asymptotically replaced by a power-law as its dominant term\nfor large $N$; (ii) the subdominant term appears to be consistent with the\n$q$-exponential behavior typical of systems following $q$-statistics, thus\nreinforcing the thermodynamically extensive entropic nature of the exponent of\nthe $q$-exponential, basically $N$ times the $q$-generalized rate function;\n(iii) the class of strong correlations that we have focused on corresponds to\nattractors in the sense of the Central Limit Theorem which are $Q$-Gaussian\ndistributions (in principle $1 < Q < 3$), which relevantly differ from\n(symmetric) L\\'evy distributions, with the unique exception of Cauchy-Lorentz\ndistributions (which correspond to $Q = 2$), where they coincide, as well\nknown. In his Comment, Touchette has agreeably discussed point (i), but,\nunfortunately, points (ii) and (iii) have, as we detail here, visibly escaped\nto his analysis. Consequently, his conclusion claiming the absence of special\nconnection with $q$-exponentials is unjustified."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractal and complex network analyses of protein molecular dynamics: Based on protein molecular dynamics, we investigate the fractal properties of\nenergy, pressure and volume time series using the multifractal detrended\nfluctuations analysis (MF-DFA) and the topological and fractal properties of\ntheir converted horizontal visibility graphs (HVGs). The energy parameters of\nprotein dynamics we considered are bonded potential, angle potential, dihedral\npotential, improper potential, kinetic energy, Van der Waals potential,\nelectrostatic potential, total energy and potential energy. The shape of the\nh(q) curves from MF-DFA indicates that these time series are multifractal. The\nnumerical values of the exponent h(2) of MF-DFA show that the series of total\nenergy and potential energy are non-stationary and anti-persistent; the other\ntime series are stationary and persistent apart from series of pressure (with H\napprox 0.5 indicating the absence of long-range correlation). The degree\ndistribution of their converted HVGs show that these networks are exponential.\nThe results of fractal analysis show that fractality exists in these converted\nHVGs. For each energy, pressure or volume parameter, it is found that the\nvalues of h(2) of MF-DFA on the time series, exponent lambda of the exponential\ndegree distribution and fractal dimension d_B of their converted HVGs do not\nchange much for different proteins (indicating some universality). We also\nfound that after taking average over all proteins, there is a linear\nrelationship between < h(2)> (from MF-DFA on time series) and <d_B> of the\nconverted HVGs for different energy, pressure and volume.",
        "positive": "Microcanonical analysis of Boltzmann and Gibbs Entropies in trapped cold\n  atomic gases: We analyze a gas of noninteracting fermions confined to a one-dimensional\nharmonic oscillator potential, with the aim of distinguishing between two\nproposed definitions of the thermodynamic entropy in the microcanonical\nensemble, namely the standard Boltzmann entropy and the Gibbs (or volume)\nentropy. The distinction between these two definitions is crucial for systems\nwith an upper bound on allowed energy levels, where the Boltzmann definition\ncan lead to the notion of negative absolute temperature. Although negative\ntemperatures do not exist for the system of fermions studied here, we still\nfind a significant difference between the Boltzmann and Gibbs entropies, and\nbetween the corresponding temperatures with the Gibbs temperature being closer\n(for small particle number) to the temperature based on a grand canonical\npicture."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy transfer in quantum molecular chain -- two models of\n  inhomogeneity: We study a linear chain of oscillators with inhomogeneity in their\ninteractions with phonon bath. In a previous work on the Markovian master\nequation of the system, we investigated a model in which the difference in the\nsite-phonon coupling between adjacent oscillators is the same throughout the\nchain. Here we look into another model in which the oscillators are coupled to\nthe phonon bath with alternating strength at successive sites. Whereas in the\nfirst model all exciton modes are connected, in the second model they are\ncoupled in pairs that are not connected to each other. Owing to this special\nstructure in the coupling, the excitation numbers of different modes can be\nsolved exactly in the steady state. In the first model, the minima of the\nexcitation profile in the site basis occur at the edges of the chain, whereas\nin the second model the maxima occur at the edges. The energy transfer\nefficiency in the first model is affected by the source power whereas in the\nsecond model the efficiency is independent of it. A distinct feature in the\nsecond model is that a sink placed at the middle of the chain is able to\ndistinguish between chains with even and odd number of sites. The energy\ntransfer efficiency in a chain with even number of sites is higher than a chain\nwith odd number of sites. Therefore, it reveals the discrete nature of the\nchain. In the limit of very long chain when the discreteness of the chain is\nless evident, the efficiencies approach each other.",
        "positive": "Statistical properties of eigenvalues of an ensemble of pseudo-Hermitian\n  Gaussian matrices: We investigate the statistical properties of eigenvalues of pseudo-Hermitian\nrandom matrices whose eigenvalues are real or complex conjugate. It is shown\nthat when the spectrum splits into separated sets of real and complex conjugate\neigenvalues, the real ones show characteristics of an intermediate incomplete\nspectrum, that is, of a so-called thinned ensemble. On the other hand, the\ncomplex ones show repulsion compatible with cubic-order repulsion of non normal\nmatrices for the real matrices, but higher order repulsion for the complex and\nquaternion matrices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium equation of state of a hard sphere binary mixture at very\n  large densities using replica exchange Monte-Carlo simulations: We use replica exchange Monte-Carlo simulations to measure the equilibrium\nequation of state of the disordered fluid state for a binary hard sphere\nmixture up to very large densities where standard Monte-Carlo simulations do\nnot easily reach thermal equilibrium. For the moderate system sizes we use (up\nto N=100), we find no sign of a pressure discontinuity near the location of\ndynamic glass singularities extrapolated using either algebraic or simple\nexponential divergences, suggesting they do not correspond to genuine\nthermodynamic glass transitions. Several scenarios are proposed for the fate of\nthe fluid state in the thermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "Simulation of Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) Transition with Classical\n  Monte-Carlo Simulation: Spontaneous symmetry breaking of 2D isotropic Heisenberg magnet is restricted\nby Mermin-Wagner theorem at any finite temperature in presence of short-range\nexchange interaction.Kosterlitz and Thouless using XY spin model showed that\nhow an order state could developed in 2D spin system in presence of short range\nisotropic interaction.Very recent discovery of several van der waals magnet\nrevised and redefined our understanding on 2D Heisenberg magnet and its ground\nstate properties.After a rigorous and careful study of several 2D magnetic\nmaterial we have realized from both experimentally and numerically that the\nfinite size of a 2D system has great impact on the ground state symmetry\nbreaking.Because of that finite size effect more often an anisotropic residual\nmagnetic moment is generated and trigger the spontaneous symmetry breaking at\nfinite temperature(T) and even only presence of short-range interaction we\nobserved the phase transition of that Heisenberg spin system.In this present\nwork we have shown the basic role of finite size,anisotropy during the symmetry\nbreaking of 2D Heisenberg XY magnet.Here we have simulated Kosterlitz-Thouless\ntransition using classical Monte-carlo simulation and study the effect of\nanisotropy during the phase transition.We presented the behaviour of different\nthermodynamic properties of 2D XY spin model system during the\nKosterlitz-Thouless(KT) transition.The generic characteristic of KT transition\nwhich make it distinct from other critical phenomena is that the peak of heat\ncapacity is not diverging with increase of system size rather peak is\ndecreasing with the increasing of system size near at transition\ntemperature.Here we are observing that behaviour in our present simulation and\nthat specific behaviour help us for classifying the present transition as\nKosterlitz-Thouless(KT) transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Langevin picture of anomalous diffusion processes in expanding medium: Expanding medium is very common in many different fields, such as biology and\ncosmology. It brings a nonnegligible influence on particle's diffusion, which\nis quite different from the effect of an external force field. The dynamic\nmechanism of particle's motion in expanding medium has only been investigated\nin the framework of continuous-time random walk. To focus on more diffusion\nprocesses and physical observables, we build the Langevin picture of anomalous\ndiffusion in expanding medium, and conduct detailed analyses in the framework\nof Langevin equation. With the help of a subordinator, both subdiffusion\nprocess and superdiffusion process in expanding medium are discussed. We find\nthat the expanding medium with different changing rate (exponential form and\npower-law form) leads to quite different diffusion phenomena. The particle's\nintrinsic diffusion behavior also plays an important role. Our detailed\ntheoretical analyses and simulations present a panoramic view of investigating\nanomalous diffusion in expanding medium under the framework of Langevin\nequation.",
        "positive": "Dynamical enhancement of symmetries in many-body systems: We construct a dynamical decoupling protocol for accurately generating local\nand global symmetries in general many-body systems. Multiple commuting and\nnon-commuting symmetries can be created by means of a self-similar-in-time\n(\"polyfractal\") drive. The result is an effective Floquet Hamiltonian that\nremains local and avoids heating over exponentially long times. This approach\ncan be used to realize a wide variety of quantum models, and non-equilibrium\nquantum phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tensor form of magnetization damping: A tensor form of phenomenological damping is derived for small magnetization\nmotions. This form reflects basic physical relaxation processes for a general\nuniformly magnetized particle or film. Scalar Landau-Lifshitz damping is found\nto occur only for two special cases of system symmetry.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of a system of hard cubes on the cubic lattice: We study the phase diagram of a system of $2\\times2\\times2$ hard cubes on a\nthree dimensional cubic lattice. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that\nthe system exhibits four different phases as the density of cubes is increased:\ndisordered, layered, sublattice ordered, and columnar ordered. In the layered\nphase, the system spontaneously breaks up into parallel slabs of size $2\\times\nL \\times L$ where only a very small fraction cubes do not lie wholly within a\nslab. Within each slab, the cubes are disordered; translation symmetry is thus\nbroken along exactly one principal axis. In the solid-like sublattice ordered\nphase, the hard cubes preferentially occupy one of eight sublattices of the\ncubic lattice, breaking translational symmetry along all three principal\ndirections. In the columnar phase, the system spontaneously breaks up into\nweakly interacting parallel columns of size $2\\times 2\\times L$ where only a\nvery small fraction cubes do not lie wholly within a column. Within each\ncolumn, the system is disordered, and thus translational symmetry is broken\nonly along two principal directions. Using finite size scaling, we show that\nthe disordered-layered phase transition is continuous, while the\nlayered-sublattice and sublattice-columnar transitions are discontinuous. We\nconstruct a Landau theory written in terms of the layering and columnar order\nparameters, which is able to describe the different phases that are observed in\nthe simulations and the order of the transitions. Additionally, our results\nnear the disordered-layered transition are consistent with the $O(3)$\nuniversality class perturbed by cubic anisotropy as predicted by the Landau\ntheory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lifting -- A nonreversible Markov chain Monte Carlo Algorithm: Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms are invaluable tools for exploring\nstationary properties of physical systems, especially in situations where\ndirect sampling is unfeasible. Common implementations of Monte Carlo algorithms\nemploy reversible Markov chains. Reversible chains obey detailed balance and\nthus ensure that the system will eventually relax to equilibrium. Detailed\nbalance is not necessary for convergence to equilibrium. We review\nnonreversible Markov chains, which violate detailed balance, and yet still\nrelax to a given target stationary distribution. In particular cases,\nnonreversible Markov chains are substantially better at sampling than the\nconventional reversible Markov chains with up to a square root improvement in\nthe convergence time to the steady state. One kind of nonreversible Markov\nchain is constructed from the reversible ones by enlarging the state space and\nby modifying and adding extra transition rates to create non-reversible moves.\nBecause of the augmentation of the state space, such chains are often referred\nto as lifted Markov Chains. We illustrate the use of lifted Markov chains for\nefficient sampling for several examples. The examples include sampling on a\nring, sampling on a torus, the Ising model on a complete graph, and the\none-dimensional Ising model. We also provide a pseudocode implementation,\nreview related work, and discuss the applicability of such methods.",
        "positive": "Non-monotonic dynamic correlations beneath the surface of glass-forming\n  liquids: Collective motion over increasing length scales is a signature of the\nvitrification process of liquids. We demonstrate the emergence of distinct\nstatic and dynamic length scales probed near the free surface in fully\nequilibrated glass-forming liquid films, and their connection to the bulk\nproperties of the system. In contrast to a monotonically growing static\ncorrelation length, the dynamic correlation length that measures the extent of\nsurface-dynamics acceleration into the bulk, displays a striking non-monotonic\ntemperature evolution that is robust also against changes in detailed\ninteratomic interaction. The maximum of dynamic correlations defines a\ncross-over temperature $T_*$ that we show to agree with a morphological change\nof cooperative rearrangement regions (CRR) of fast particles in the bulk\nliquids. The cross-over occurs at a temperature larger than the critical\ntemperature Tc of mode-coupling theory (MCT). We link it to the point where\nfast-particle motion decouples from structural relaxation that can be defined\nrigorously within a recent extension of MCT, the stochastic $\\beta$-relaxation\ntheory (SBR)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energetics of Open Systems and Chemical Potential From Micro-Dynamics\n  Viewpoints: We present the energetic aspect of open systems which may exchange particles\nwith their environments. Our attention shall be paid to the scale that the\nmotion of the particles is described by the classical Langevin dynamics. Along\na particular realization of the stochastic process, we study the energy\ntransfer into the open system from the environments. We are able to clarify how\nmuch energy each particle carries when it enters or leaves the system. On the\nother hand, the chemical potential should be considered as the concept in macro\nscale, which is relevant to the free energy potential with respect to the\nnumber of particles. Keywords: open systems, stochastic energetics, chemical\npotential",
        "positive": "Collisional relaxation of two-dimensional self-gravitating systems: Systems with long range interactions present generically the formation of\nquasi-stationary long-lived non-equilibrium states. These states relax to\nBoltzmann equilibrium following a dynamics which is not well understood. In\nthis paper we study this process in two-dimensional inhomogeneous\nself-gravitating systems. Using the Chandrasekhar -- or local -- approximation\nwe write a simple approximate kinetic equation for the relaxation process,\nobtaining a Fokker -- Planck equation for the velocity distribution with\nexplicit analytical diffusion coefficients. Performing molecular dynamics\nsimulations and comparing them with the evolution predicted by the Fokker --\nPlanck equation, we observe a good agreement with the model for all the\nduration of the relaxation, from the formation of the quasi-stationary state to\nthermal equilibrium. We observe however an overestimate or underestimate of the\nrelaxation rate of the particles with the slower or larger velocities\nrespectively. It is due to systematic errors in estimating the velocities of\nthe particles at the moment of the collisions, inherent to the Chandrasekhar\napproximation when applied to inhomogeneous systems. Theory and simulations\ngive a scaling of the relaxation time proportional to the number of particles\nin the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fundamental Theory of Statistical Particle Dynamics: We introduce a fundamental theory for the kinetics of systems of classical\nparticles. The theory represents a unification of kinetic theory, Brownian\nmotion and field theory. It is self-consistent and is the dynamic\ngeneralization of the functional theory of static equilibrium fluids. This\ngives one a powerful tool for investigating the existence of ergodic-nonergodic\ntransitions near the liquid-glass transition.",
        "positive": "Quantum contributions in the ice phases: the path to a new empirical\n  model for water -- TIP4PQ/2005: With a view to a better understanding of the influence of atomic quantum\ndelocalisation effects on the phase behaviour of water, path integral\nsimulations have been undertaken for almost all of the known ice phases using\nthe TIP4P/2005 model, in conjunction with the rigid rotor propagator proposed\nby Muser and Berne [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2638 (1996)]. The quantum\ncontributions then being known, a new empirical model of water is developed\n(TIP4PQ/2005) which reproduces, to a good degree, a number of the physical\nproperties of the ice phases, for example densities, structure and relative\nstabilities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size effects in presence of gravity: The behavior of the\n  susceptibility in $^3He$ and $^4He$ films near the liquid-vapor critical\n  point: We study critical point finite-size effects on the behavior of susceptibility\nof a film placed in the Earth's gravitational field. The fluid-fluid and\nsubstrate-fluid interactions are characterized by van der Waals-type power law\ntails, and the boundary conditions are consistent with bounding surfaces that\nstrongly prefer the liquid phase of the system. Specific predictions are made\nwith respect to the behavior of $^3$He and $^4$He films in the vicinity of\ntheir respective liquid-gas critical points. We find that for all film\nthicknesses of current experimental interest the combination of van der Waals\ninteractions and gravity leads to substantial deviations from the behavior\npredicted by models in which all interatomic forces are very short ranged and\ngravity is absent. In the case of a completely short-ranged system exact\nmean-field analytical expressions are derived, within the continuum approach,\nfor the behavior of both the local and the total susceptibilities.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of a Bose-Einstein Condensate near a Feshbach Resonance: We discuss the response of a Bose-Einstein condensate to a change in the\nscattering length, which is experimentally realized by tuning the magnetic\nfield near a Feshbach resonance. In particular, we consider the collapse of the\ncondensate induced by a sudden change in the scattering length from a large\npositive to a small negative value. We also consider the condensate dynamics\nthat results from a single pulse in the magnetic field, due to which the\nscattering length is rapidly increased from zero to a large value and then\nafter some time rapidly decreased again to its initial value. We focus\nprimarily on the consequences of the quantum evaporation process on the\ndynamics of the Bose-Einstein condensate, but also discuss the effects of\natom-molecule coherence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "To Phenomenological Theory of Superconductivity. Superconductivity - not\n  fading electrical current in dissipative medium: The basic stages of development of the theory of superconductivity are\ntraced. Despite of remarkable successes of theory, the physical explanation of\nthe phenomenon of superconductivity - of the not fading electrical current in\ndissipative medium - is not exists until now.\n  In the present paper on the basis of works (Klimontovich, 1990abc, 1999) the\nphysical explanations of this phenomenon is considered. Will be show that the\nexistence of not fading electrical current becomes possible due to occurrence\nof flicker noise and appropriate residual temporary correlations.",
        "positive": "Antipersistent energy current correlations in strong long-ranged\n  Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou type models: We study heat transfer in one-dimensional Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou type\nsystems with long-range (LR) interactions. The strength of the LR interaction\nbetween two lattice sites decays as a power $\\sigma$ of the inverse of their\ndistance. We focus on the strong LR regime ($0\\leq \\sigma \\leq1$) and show that\nthe thermal transport behaviors are remarkably nuanced. Specifically, we\nobserve that the antipersistent (negative) energy current correlation in this\nregime is intricately dependent on $\\sigma$, displaying a nonmonotonic\nvariation. Notably, a significant qualitative change occurs at $\\sigma_c=1/2$,\nwhere with respect to other $\\sigma$ values, the correlation shows a minimum\nnegative value. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that within the long-time\nrange considered, these antipersistent correlations eventually vanish for\n$\\sigma$ approximately $\\sigma \\geq 0.7$. The underlying mechanisms behind\nthese intriguing phenomena are related to the two diverse space-time scaling\nproperties of equilibrium heat correlations and the various scattering\nprocesses of phonons and discrete breathers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Braiding a flock: winding statistics of interacting flying spins: When animal groups move coherently in the form of a flock, their trajectories\nare not all parallel, the individuals exchange their position in the group. In\nthis Letter we introduce a measure of this mixing dynamics, which we quantify\nas the winding of the braid formed from the particle trajectories. Building on\na paradigmatic flocking model we numerically and theoretically explain the\nwinding statistics, and show that it is predominantly set by the global twist\nof the trajectories as a consequence of a spontaneous symmetry breaking.",
        "positive": "First Passage Time for Many Particle Diffusion in Space-Time Random\n  Environments: The first passage time for a single diffusing particle has been studied\nextensively, but the first passage time of a system of many diffusing\nparticles, as is often the case in physical systems, has received little\nattention until recently. We consider two models for many particle diffusion --\none treats each particle as independent simple random walkers while the other\ntreats them as coupled to a common space-time random forcing field that biases\nparticles nearby in space and time in similar ways. The first passage time of a\nsingle diffusing particle under both of these models show the same statistics\nand scaling behavior. However, for many particle diffusions, the first passage\ntime among all particles (the `extreme first passage time') is very different\nbetween the two models, effected in the latter case by the randomness of the\ncommon forcing field. We develop an asymptotic (in the number of particles and\nlocation where first passage is being probed) theoretical framework to separate\nout the impact of the random environment with that of sampling trajectories\nwithin it. We identify a new power-law describing the impact to the extreme\nfirst passage time variance of the environment. Through numerical simulations\nwe verify that the predictions from this asymptotic theory hold even for\nsystems with widely varying numbers of particles, all the way down to 100\nparticles. This shows that measurements of the extreme first passage time for\nmany-particle diffusions provide an indirect measurement of the underlying\nenvironment in which the diffusion is occurring."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Four-vertex Model and Random Tilings: The exactly solvable four-vertex model on a square grid with the different\nboundary conditions is considered. The application of the Algebraic Bethe\nAnsatz method allows to calculate the partition function of the model. For the\nfixed boundary conditions the connection of the scalar product of the state\nvectors with the generating function of the column and row strict boxed plane\npartitions is established. Tiling model on a periodic grid is discussed.",
        "positive": "Shape and scaling of moving step bunches: We study step bunching under conditions of attachment/detachment limited\nkinetics in the presence of a deposition or sublimation flux, which leads to\nbunch motion. Analysis of the discrete step dynamics reveals that the bunch\nvelocity is inversely proportional to the bunch size for general step-step\ninteractions. The shape of steadily moving bunches is studied within a\ncontinuum theory, and analytic expressions for the bunch profile are derived.\nScaling laws obtained previously for non-moving bunches are recovered\nasymptotically, but singularities of the static theory are removed and strong\ncorrections to scaling are found. The size of the largest terrace between two\nbunches is identified as a central scaling parameter. Our theory applies to a\nlarge class of bunching instabilities, including sublimation with attachment\nasymmetry and surface electromigration in the presence of sublimation or\ngrowth."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Method of invariant manifold for chemical kinetics: In this paper, we review the construction of low-dimensional manifolds of\nreduced description for equations of chemical kinetics from the standpoint of\nthe method of invariant manifold (MIM). MIM is based on a formulation of the\ncondition of invariance as an equation, and its solution by Newton iterations.\nA review of existing alternative methods is extended by a thermodynamically\nconsistent version of the method of intrinsic low-dimensional manifolds. A\ngrid-based version of MIM is developed, and model extensions of low-dimensional\ndynamics are described. Generalizations to open systems are suggested. The set\nof methods covered makes it possible to effectively reduce description in\nchemical kinetics.",
        "positive": "The Gonihedric Ising Model and Glassiness: The Gonihedric 3D Ising model is a lattice spin model in which planar Peierls\nboundaries between + and - spins can be created at zero energy cost. Instead of\nweighting the area of Peierls boundaries as the case for the usual 3D Ising\nmodel with nearest neighbour interactions, the edges, or \"bends\" in an\ninterface are weighted, a concept which is related to the intrinsic curvature\nof the boundaries in the continuum.\n  In these notes we follow a roughly chronological order by first reviewing the\nbackground to the formulation of the model, before moving on to the elucidation\nof the equilibrium phase diagram by various means and then to investigation of\nthe non-equilibrium, glassy behaviour of the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Circulation Statistics in Three-Dimensional Turbulent Flows: We study the large $\\lambda$ limit of the loop-dependent characteristic\nfunctional $Z(\\lambda)=<\\exp(i\\lambda \\oint_c \\vec v \\cdot d \\vec x)>$, related\nto the probability density function (PDF) of the circulation around a closed\ncontour $c$. The analysis is carried out in the framework of the\nMartin-Siggia-Rose field theory formulation of the turbulence problem, by means\nof the saddle-point technique. Axisymmetric instantons, labelled by the\ncomponent $\\sigma_{zz}$ of the strain field -- a partially annealed variable in\nour formalism -- are obtained for a circular loop in the $xy$ plane, with\nradius defined in the inertial range. Fluctuations of the velocity field around\nthe saddle-point solutions are relevant, leading to the lorentzian asymptotic\nbehavior $Z(\\lambda) \\sim 1/{\\lambda^2}$. The ${\\cal O}(1 / {\\lambda^4})$\nsubleading correction and the asymmetry between right and left PDF tails due to\nparity breaking mechanisms are also investigated.",
        "positive": "Free energy dissipation enhances spatial accuracy and robustness of\n  Turing pattern in small reaction-diffusion systems: Accurate and robust spatial orders are ubiquitous in living systems. In 1952,\nAlan Turing proposed an elegant mechanism for pattern formation based on\nspontaneous breaking of the spatial translational symmetry in the underlying\nreaction-diffusion system. Much is understood about dynamics and structure of\nTuring patterns. However, little is known about the energetic cost of Turing\npattern. Here, we study nonequilibrium thermodynamics of a small spatially\nextended biochemical reaction-diffusion system by using analytical and\nnumerical methods. We find that the onset of Turing pattern requires a minimum\nenergy dissipation to drive the nonequilibrium chemical reactions. Above onset,\nonly a small fraction of the total energy expenditure is used to overcome\ndiffusion for maintaining the spatial pattern. We show that the positioning\nerror decreases as energy dissipation increases following the same tradeoff\nrelationship between timing error and energy cost in biochemical oscillatory\nsystems. In a finite system, we find that a specific Turing pattern exists only\nwithin a finite range of total molecule number, and energy dissipation broadens\nthe range, which enhances the robustness of the Turing pattern against molecule\nnumber fluctuations in living cells. These results are verified in a realistic\nmodel of the Muk system underlying DNA segregation in E. coli, and testable\npredictions are made for the dependence of the accuracy and robustness of the\nspatial pattern on the ATP/ADP ratio. In general, the theoretical framework\ndeveloped here can be applied to study nonequilibrium thermodynamics of\nspatially extended biochemical systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Single-cluster dynamics for the random-cluster model: We formulate a single-cluster Monte Carlo algorithm for the simulation of the\nrandom-cluster model. This algorithm is a generalization of the Wolff\nsingle-cluster method for the $q$-state Potts model to non-integer values\n$q>1$. Its results for static quantities are in a satisfactory agreement with\nthose of the existing Swendsen-Wang-Chayes-Machta (SWCM) algorithm, which\ninvolves a full cluster decomposition of random-cluster configurations. We\nexplore the critical dynamics of this algorithm for several two-dimensional\nPotts and random-cluster models. For integer $q$, the single-cluster algorithm\ncan be reduced to the Wolff algorithm, for which case we find that the\nautocorrelation functions decay almost purely exponentially, with dynamic\nexponents $z_{\\rm exp} =0.07 (1), 0.521 (7)$, and $1.007 (9)$ for $q=2, 3$, and\n4 respectively. For non-integer $q$, the dynamical behavior of the\nsingle-cluster algorithm appears to be very dissimilar to that of the SWCM\nalgorithm. For large critical systems, the autocorrelation function displays a\nrange of power-law behavior as a function of time. The dynamic exponents are\nrelatively large. We provide an explanation for this peculiar dynamic behavior.",
        "positive": "Thermal noise suppression: how much does it cost?: In order to stabilize the behavior of noisy systems, confining it around a\ndesirable state, an effort is required to suppress the intrinsic noise. This\nnoise suppression task entails a cost. For the important case of thermal noise\nin an overdamped system, we show that the minimum cost is achieved when the\nsystem control parameters are held constant: any additional deterministic or\nrandom modulation produces an increase of the cost. We discuss the implications\nof this phenomenon for those overdamped systems whose control parameters are\nintrinsically noisy, presenting a case study based on the example of a Brownian\nparticle optically trapped in an oscillating potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The effect of thresholding on temporal avalanche statistics: We discuss intermittent time series consisting of discrete bursts or\navalanches separated by waiting or silent times. The short time correlations\ncan be understood to follow from the properties of individual avalanches, while\nlonger time correlations often present in such signals reflect correlations\nbetween triggerings of different avalanches. As one possible source of the\nlatter kind of correlations in experimental time series, we consider the effect\nof a finite detection threshold, due to e.g. experimental noise that needs to\nbe removed. To this end, we study a simple toy model of an avalanche, a random\nwalk returning to the origin or a Brownian bridge, in the presence and absence\nof superimposed delta-correlated noise. We discuss the properties after\nthresholding of artificial timeseries obtained by mixing toy avalanches and\nwaiting times from a Poisson process. Most of the resulting scalings for\nindividual avalanches and the composite timeseries can be understood via random\nwalk theory, except for the waiting time distributions when strong additional\nnoise is added. Then, to compare with a more complicated case we study the\nManna sandpile model of self-organized criticality, where some further\ncomplications appear.",
        "positive": "Falicov-Kimball Models: A Partial Review of the Ground States Problem: In this review we present a biased review of the ground state properties of\nthe Falicov-Kimball models in 1,2 and infinite dimensions, considering either\nfermions or hard-core bosons. In particular we want to show the very rich\nstructure that these models exhibit and to point out the analogies and\ndifferences associated with the statistic of the quantum particles and the\nnature of the lattice (bipartite or not). The flux phase problem is also\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Radiation statistics of a degenerate parametric oscillator at threshold: As a function of the driving strength, a degenerate parametric oscillator\nexhibits an instability at which spontaneous oscillations occur. Close to\nthreshold, both the nonlinearity as well as fluctuations are vital to the\naccurate description of the dynamics. We study the statistics of the radiation\nthat is emitted by the degenerate parametric oscillator at threshold. For a\nweak nonlinearity, we can employ a quasiclassical description. We identify a\nuniversal Liouvillian that captures the relevant long-time dynamics for large\nphoton-numbers. We find that the cumulants obey a universal power-law scaling\nas a function of the nonlinearity. The Fano factor shows a maximum close, but\nnot coinciding, with the threshold. Moreover, we predict a certain ratio of the\nfirst three cumulants to be independent of the microscopic details of the\nsystem and connect the results to experimental platforms.",
        "positive": "On the dynamics of reaction coordinates in classical, time-dependent,\n  many-body processes: Complex microscopic many-body processes are often interpreted in terms of\nso-called `reaction coordinates', i.e. in terms of the evolution of a small set\nof coarse-grained observables. A rigorous method to produce the equation of\nmotion of such observables is to use projection operator techniques, which\nsplit the dynamics of the observables into a main contribution and a marginal\none. The basis of any derivation in this framework is the classical (or\nquantum) Heisenberg equation for an observable. If the Hamiltonian of the\nunderlying microscopic dynamics and the observable under study do not\nexplicitly depend on time, this equation is obtained by a straight-forward\nderivation. However, the problem is more complicated if one considers\nHamiltonians which depend on time explicitly as e.g. in systems under external\ndriving, or if the observable of interest has an explicit dependence on time.\nWe use an analogy to fluid dynamics to derive the classical Heisenberg picture\nand then apply a projection operator formalism to derive the non-stationary\ngeneralized Langevin equation for a coarse-grained variable. We show, in\nparticular, that the results presented for time-independent Hamiltonians and\nobservables in J. Chem. Phys. 147, 214110 (2017) can be generalized to the\ntime-dependent case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic phase transition properties for the mixed spin-(1/2, 1) Ising\n  model in an oscillating magnetic field: We study the dynamic phase transition properties for the mixed spin-(1/2, 1)\nIsing model on a square lattice under a time-dependent magnetic field by means\nthe effective-field theory (EFT) based on the Glauber dynamics. We present the\ndynamic phase diagrams in the reduced magnetic field amplitude and reduced\ntemperature plane and find that the phase diagrams exhibit the dynamic\ntricitical behavior, the multicritical and zero-temperature critical points as\nwell as reentrant behavior. We also investigate the influence of the frequency\n(w) and observe that for small values of w the mixed phase disappears, but high\nvalues it appears and the system displays reentrant behavior as well as\ncritical end point.",
        "positive": "Biased thermodynamics can explain the behaviour of smart optimization\n  algorithms that work above the dynamical threshold: Random constraint satisfaction problems can display a very rich structure in\nthe space of solutions, with often an ergodicity breaking -- also known as\nclustering or dynamical -- transition preceding the satisfiability threshold\nwhen the constraint-to-variables ratio $\\alpha$ is increased. However, smart\nalgorithms start to fail finding solutions in polynomial time at some threshold\n$\\alpha_{\\rm alg}$ which is algorithmic dependent and generally bigger than the\ndynamical one $\\alpha_d$. The reason for this discrepancy is due to the fact\nthat $\\alpha_d$ is traditionally computed according to the uniform measure over\nall the solutions. Thus, while bounding the region where a uniform sampling of\nthe solutions is easy, it cannot predict the performance of off-equilibrium\nprocesses, that are still able of finding atypical solutions even beyond\n$\\alpha_d$. Here we show that a reconciliation between algorithmic behaviour\nand thermodynamic prediction is nonetheless possible at least up to some\nthreshold $\\alpha_d^{\\rm opt}\\geq\\alpha_d$, which is defined as the maximum\nvalue of the dynamical threshold computed on all possible probability measures\nover the solutions. We consider a simple Monte Carlo-based optimization\nalgorithm, which is restricted to the solution space, and we demonstrate that\nsampling the equilibrium distribution of a biased measure improving on\n$\\alpha_d$ is still possible even beyond the ergodicity breaking point for the\nuniform measure, where other algorithms hopelessly enter the out-of-equilibrium\nregime. The conjecture we put forward is that many smart algorithms sample the\nsolution space according to a biased measure: once this measure is identified,\nthe algorithmic threshold is given by the corresponding ergodicity-breaking\ntransition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Forward Flux Sampling for rare event simulations: Rare events are ubiquitous in many different fields, yet they are notoriously\ndifficult to simulate because few, if any, events are observed in a conventiona\nl simulation run. Over the past several decades, specialised simulation methods\nhave been developed to overcome this problem. We review one recently-developed\nclass of such methods, known as Forward Flux Sampling. Forward Flux Sampling\nuses a series of interfaces between the initial and final states to calculate\nrate constants and generate transition paths, for rare events in equilibrium or\nnonequilibrium systems with stochastic dynamics. This review draws together a\nnumber of recent advances, summarizes several applications of the method and\nhighlights challenges that remain to be overcome.",
        "positive": "Experimental studies of the transient fluctuation theorem using liquid\n  crystals: In a thermodynamical process, the dissipation or production of entropy can\nonly be positive or zero according to the second law of thermodynamics. However\nthe laws of thermodynamics are applicable to large systems in the thermodynamic\nlimit. Recently a fluctuation theorem known as the Transient Fluctuation\nTheorem (TFT) which generalizes the second law of thermodynamics even for small\nsystems has been proposed. This theorem has been tested in small systems such\nas a colloidal particle in an optical trap. We report for the first time an\nanalogous experimental study of TFT in a spatially extended system using liquid\ncrystals."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics and Lifetime of Physical Systems: To describe the nonequilibrium states of a system we introduce a new\nthermodynamic parameter - the lifetime of a system. The statistical\ndistributions which can be obtained out of the mesoscopic description\ncharacterizing the behaviour of a system by specifying the stochastic processes\nare written down. The expressions for the nonequilibrium entropy, temperature\nand entropy production are obtained, which at small values of fluxes coincide\nwith those derived within the frame of extended irreversible thermodynamics.\nThe expressions generalizing the Maxwell-Cattaneo relations of extended\nirreversible thermodynamics, and their analogues for mass transfer and chemical\nreactions are obtained.",
        "positive": "Role of the Finite Replica Analysis in the Mean-Field Theory of Spin\n  Glasses: In this thesis, we review and examine the replica method from several\nviewpoints. The replica method is a mathematical technique to calculate general\nmoments of stochastic variables. This method provides a systematic way to\nevaluate physical quantities and becomes one of the most important tools in the\ntheory of spin glasses and in the related discipline including information\nprocessing tasks.\n  In spite of the effectiveness of the replica method, it is known that several\nproblems exist in the procedures of the method itself. The replica symmetry\nbreaking is the central topic of those problems and is the main issue of this\nthesis. To elucidate this point, we review the recent progress about the\nreplica symmetry breaking including its physical and mathematical descriptions\nin detail.\n  Based on those descriptions, several spin-glass models and Ising perceptron\nare deeply investigated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Machine learning for percolation utilizing auxiliary Ising variables: Machine learning for phase transition has received intensive research\ninterest in recent years. However, its application in percolation still remains\nchallenging. We propose an auxiliary Ising mapping method for machine learning\nstudy of the standard percolation as well as a variety of statistical\nmechanical systems in correlated percolation representations. We demonstrate\nthat unsupervised machine learning is able to accurately locate the percolation\nthreshold, independent of the spatial dimension of system or the type of phase\ntransition, which can be first order or continuous. Moreover, we show that, by\nneural network machine learning, auxiliary Ising configurations for different\nuniversalities can be classified with high confidence level. Our results\nindicate that the auxiliary Ising mapping method, despite of it simplicity, can\nadvance the application of machine learning in statistical and condensed-matter\nphysics.",
        "positive": "Simulation of evacuation processes using a bionics-inspired cellular\n  automaton model for pedestrian dynamics: We present simulations of evacuation processes using a recently introduced\ncellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics. This model applies a bionics\napproach to describe the interaction between the pedestrians using ideas from\nchemotaxis. Here we study a rather simple situation, namely the evacuation from\na large room with one or two doors. It is shown that the variation of the model\nparameters allows to describe different types of behaviour, from regular to\npanic. We find a non-monotonic dependence of the evacuation times on the\ncoupling constants. These times depend on the strength of the herding\nbehaviour, with minimal evacuation times for some intermediate values of the\ncouplings, i.e. a proper combination of herding and use of knowledge about the\nshortest way to the exit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slow dynamics and large deviations in classical stochastic Fredkin\n  chains: The Fredkin spin chain serves as an interesting theoretical example of a\nquantum Hamiltonian whose ground state exhibits a phase transition between\nthree distinct phases, one of which violates the area law. Here we consider a\nclassical stochastic version of the Fredkin model, which can be thought of as a\nsimple exclusion process subject to additional kinetic constraints, and study\nits classical stochastic dynamics. The ground state phase transition of the\nquantum chain implies an equilibrium phase transition in the stochastic\nproblem, whose properties we quantify in terms of numerical matrix product\nstates (MPS). The stochastic model displays slow dynamics, including power law\ndecaying autocorrelation functions and hierarchical relaxation processes due to\nexponential localization. Like in other kinetically constrained models, the\nFredkin chain has a rich structure in its dynamical large deviations - which we\ncompute accurately via numerical MPS - including an active-inactive phase\ntransition, and a hierarchy of trajectory phases connected to particular\nequilibrium states of the model. We also propose, via its height field\nrepresentation, a generalization of the Fredkin model to two dimensions in\nterms of constrained dimer coverings of the honeycomb lattice.",
        "positive": "Simulation of pedestrian dynamics using a 2-dimensional cellular\n  automaton: We propose a 2-dimensional cellular automaton model to simulate pedestrian\ntraffic. It is a vmax=1 model with exclusion statistics and parallel dynamics.\nLong-range interactions between the pedestrians are mediated by a so called\nfloor field which modifies the transition rates to neighbouring cells. This\nfield, which can be discrete or continuous, is subject to diffusion and decay.\nFurthermore it can be modified by the motion of the pedestrians. Therefore the\nmodel uses an idea similar to chemotaxis, but with pedestrians following a\nvirtual rather than a chemical trace. Our main goal is to show that the\nintroduction of such a floor field is sufficient to model collective effects\nand self-organization encountered in pedestrian dynamics, e.g. lane formation\nin counterflow through a large corridor. As an application we also present\nsimulations of the evacuation of a large room with reduced visibility, e.g. due\nto failure of lights or smoke."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Behavior of the 3D anisotropic quantum Heisenberg model in a\n  trimodal random field distribution: Effect of the trimodal random magnetic field distribution on the phase\ndiagrams of the anisotropic quantum Heisenberg model has been investigated for\nthree dimensional lattices with effective field theory (EFT) for a two spin\ncluster. Variation of the phase diagrams with the random magnetic field\ndistribution parameters has been obtained and the effect of the anisotropy in\nthe exchange interaction on the phase diagrams has been investigated in detail.\nParticular attention has been devoted on the behavior of the tricritical points\nwith random magnetic field distribution.",
        "positive": "Non-Markovian diffusion over potential barrier in the presence of\n  periodic time modulation: The diffusive non-Markovian motion over a single-well potential barrier in\nthe presence of a weak sinusoidal time-modulation is studied. We found\nnon-monotonic dependence of the mean escape time from the barrier on a\nfrequency of the periodic modulation that is character to the stochastic\nresonance phenomenon. The resonant acceleration of diffusion over the barrier\noccurs at the frequency inversely proportional to the mean first-passage time\nfor the motion in the absence of the time-modulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of the asymmetric Sherrington-Kirkpatrick\n  model: Most natural systems operate far from equilibrium, displaying\ntime-asymmetric, irreversible dynamics characterized by a positive entropy\nproduction while exchanging energy and matter with the environment. Although\nstochastic thermodynamics underpins the irreversible dynamics of small systems,\nthe nonequilibrium thermodynamics of larger, more complex systems remains\nunexplored. Here, we investigate the asymmetric Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model\nwith synchronous and asynchronous updates as a prototypical example of\nlarge-scale nonequilibrium processes. Using a path integral method, we\ncalculate a generating functional over trajectories, obtaining exact solutions\nof the order parameters, path entropy, and steady-state entropy production of\ninfinitely large networks. Entropy production peaks at critical order-disorder\nphase transitions, but is significantly larger for quasi-deterministic\ndisordered dynamics. Consequently, entropy production can increase under\ndistinct scenarios, requiring multiple thermodynamic quantities to describe the\nsystem accurately. These results contribute to developing an exact analytical\ntheory of the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of large-scale physical and\nbiological systems and their phase transitions.",
        "positive": "Renormalized Multicanonical Sampling: For a homogeneous system divisible into identical, weakly interacting\nsubsystems, the muticanonical procedure can be accelerated if it is first\napplied to determine of the density of states for a single subsystem. This\nresult is then employed to approximate the state density of a subsystem with\ntwice the size that forms the starting point of a new multicanonical iteration.\nSince this compound subsystem interacts less on average with its environment,\niterating this sequence of steps rapidly generates the state density of the\nfull system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An autonomous out of equilibrium Maxwell's demon for controlling the\n  energy fluxes produced by thermal fluctuations: An autonomous out of equilibrium Maxwell's demon is used to reverse the\nnatural direction of the heat flux between two electric circuits kept at\ndifferent temperatures and coupled by the electric thermal noise. The demon\ndoes not process any information, but it achieves its goal by using a frequency\ndependent coupling with the two reservoirs of the system. There is no energy\nflux between the demon and the system, but the total entropy production\n(system+demon) is positive. The demon can be power supplied by thermocouples.\nThe system and the demon are ruled by equations similar to those of two coupled\nBrownian particles and of the Brownian gyrator. Thus our results pave the way\nto the application of autonomous out equilibrium Maxwell demons to coupled\nnanosystems at different temperatures.",
        "positive": "Entropic transport: Kinetics, scaling and control mechanisms: We show that transport in the presence of entropic barriers exhibits peculiar\ncharacteristics which makes it distinctly different from that occurring through\nenergy barriers. The constrained dynamics yields a scaling regime for the\nparticle current and the diffusion coefficient in terms of the ratio between\nthe work done to the particles and available thermal energy. This interesting\nproperty, genuine to the entropic nature of the barriers, can be utilized to\neffectively control transport through quasi one-dimensional structures in which\nirregularities or tortuosity of the boundaries cause entropic effects. The\naccuracy of the kinetic description has been corroborated by simulations.\nApplications to different dynamic situations involving entropic barriers are\noutlined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster Simulation of the O(N) loop model on the Honeycomb lattice: We study the O(N) loop model on the Honeycomb lattice with real value $N \\geq\n1$ by means of a cluster algorithm. The formulation of the algorithm is based\non the equivalence of the O(N) loop model and the low-temperature graphical\nrepresentation of a $N$-color Ashkin-Teller model on the triangular lattice.\nThe latter model with integer $N$ can be simulated by means of an embedding\nSwendsen-Wang-type cluster method. By taking into account the symmetry among\nloops of different colors, we develop another version of the Swendsen-Wang-type\nmethod. This version allows the number of colors $N$ to take any real value $N\n\\geq 1$. As an application, we investigate the $N=1.25, 1.50, 1.75$, and 2 loop\nmodel at criticality. The determined values of various critical exponents are\nin excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. In particular, from\nquantities associated with half of the loops, we determine some critical\nexponents that corresponds to those for the tricritical $q=N^2$ Potts model but\nhave not been observed yet. Dynamic scaling behavior of the algorithm is also\nanalyzed. The numerical data strongly suggest that our cluster algorithm {\\it\nhardly} suffers from critical slowing down.",
        "positive": "The thermodynamics of quasi-deterministic digital computers: It is now well established that there is no lower bound for the energy\ndissipated during a computation. The relevance of the zero-energy limit is\nunclear, however, because it entails computations that are unreliable or\ninfinitely slow, or both. In contrast the thermodynamic costs of deterministic\ncomputations that complete in finite time is less well understood. We propose a\nmodel of universal computation based on Markovian stochastic processes. While\nstrictly deterministic computation is not possible in such systems, we show\nthat the scaling of the energy consumption in relation to the accuracy of the\ncomputation is benign. This enables quasi-deterministic computation at modest\ncost in energy and completing within finite time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vicinal Surface with Langmuir Adsorption: A Decorated Restricted\n  Solid-on-solid Model: We study the vicinal surface of the restricted solid-on-solid model coupled\nwith the Langmuir adsorbates which we regard as two-dimensional lattice gas\nwithout lateral interaction. The effect of the vapor pressure of the adsorbates\nin the environmental phase is taken into consideration through the chemical\npotential. We calculate the surface free energy $f$, the adsorption coverage\n$\\Theta$, the step tension $\\gamma$, and the step stiffness $\\tilde{\\gamma}$ by\nthe transfer matrix method combined with the density-matrix algorithm. Detailed\nstep-density-dependence of $f$ and $\\Theta$ is obtained. We draw the roughening\ntransition curve in the plane of the temperature and the chemical potential of\nadsorbates. We find the multi-reentrant roughening transition accompanying the\ninverse roughening phenomena. We also find quasi-reentrant behavior in the step\ntension.",
        "positive": "Run-and-tumble particles, telegrapher's equation and absorption problems\n  with partially reflecting boundaries: Absorption problems of run-and-tumble particles, described by the\ntelegrapher's equation, are analyzed in one space dimension considering\npartially reflecting boundaries. Exact expressions for the probability\ndistribution function in the Laplace domain and for the mean time to absorption\nare given, discussing some interesting limits (Brownian and wave limit, large\nvolume limit) and different case studies (semi-infinite segment, equal and\nsymmetric boundaries, totally/partially reflecting boundaries)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equality of bond percolation critical exponents for pairs of dual\n  lattices: For a certain class of two-dimensional lattices, lattice-dual pairs are shown\nto have the same bond percolation critical exponents. A computational proof is\ngiven for the martini lattice and its dual to illustrate the method. The result\nis generalized to a class of lattices that allows the equality of bond\npercolation critical exponents for lattice-dual pairs to be concluded without\nperforming the computations. The proof uses the substitution method, which\ninvolves stochastic ordering of probability measures on partially ordered sets.\nAs a consequence, there is an infinite collection of infinite sets of\ntwo-dimensional lattices, such that all lattices in a set have the same\ncritical exponents.",
        "positive": "Interplay of topology and geometry in frustrated 2d Heisenberg magnets: We investigate two-dimensional frustrated Heisenberg magnets using\nnon-perturbative renormalization group techniques. These magnets allow for\npoint-like topological defects which are believed to unbind and drive either a\ncrossover or a phase transition which separates a low temperature, spin-wave\ndominated regime from a high temperature regime where defects are abundant. Our\napproach can account for the crossover qualitatively and both the temperature\ndependence of the correlation length as well as a broad but well defined peak\nin the specific heat are reproduced. We find no signatures of a finite\ntemperature transition and an accompanying diverging length scale. Our analysis\nis consistent with a rapid crossover driven by topological defects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hiding Quiet Solutions in Random Constraint Satisfaction Problems: We study constraint satisfaction problems on the so-called 'planted' random\nensemble. We show that for a certain class of problems, e.g. graph coloring,\nmany of the properties of the usual random ensemble are quantitatively\nidentical in the planted random ensemble. We study the structural phase\ntransitions, and the easy/hard/easy pattern in the average computational\ncomplexity. We also discuss the finite temperature phase diagram, finding a\nclose connection with the liquid/glass/solid phenomenology.",
        "positive": "Magnetic Gruneisen parameter and magnetocaloric properties of a coupled\n  spin-electron double-tetrahedral chain: Magnetocaloric effect in a double-tetrahedral chain, in which nodal lattice\nsites occupied by the localized Ising spins regularly alternate with three\nequivalent lattice sites available for mobile electrons, is exactly\ninvestigated by considering the one-third electron filling and the\nferromagnetic Ising exchange interaction between the mobile electrons and their\nnearest Ising neighbours. The entropy and the magnetic Gruneisen parameter,\nwhich closely relate to the magnetocaloric effect, are exactly calculated in\norder to investigate the relation between the ground-state degeneracy and the\ncooling efficiency of the hybrid spin-electron system during the adiabatic\ndemagnetization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The A-Cycle Problem In XY model with Ring Frustration: Traditionally, the transverse spin-1/2 XY model is mapped to a fermionic\n\"c-cycle\" problem, where the prior periodic boundary condition is applied to\nthe fermionic chain and the additional boundary term has been neglected.\nHowever, the \"a-cycle\" problem (the original problem without any approximation)\nhas not been treated seriously up to now. In this paper, we consider the XY\nmodel with ring frustration and diagonalize it without any approximation with\nthe help of parity constraint. Then two peculiar gapless phases have been\nfound.",
        "positive": "Shortcuts to adiabaticity applied to nonequilibrium entropy production:\n  An information geometry viewpoint: We apply the method of shortcuts to adiabaticity to nonequilibrium systems.\nFor unitary dynamics, the system Hamiltonian is separated into two parts. One\nof them defines the adiabatic states for the state to follow and the\nnonadiabatic transitions are prevented by the other part. This property is\nimplemented to the nonequilibrium entropy production and we find that the\nentropy is separated into two parts. The separation represents the Pythagorean\ntheorem for the Kullback-Leibler divergence and an information-geometric\ninterpretation is obtained. We also study a lower bound of the entropy, which\nis applied to derive a trade-off relation between time, entropy and state\ndistance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Adiabatic Transition in Spin-Boson Model and Generalization of the\n  Landau-Zener Formula: Non-adiabatic transitions are studied in a spin-boson model with multiple\nscattering points. In order to generalize the Landau-Zener formula, which\ndescribes the case of a single scattering point, we define an ``effective gap''\nfor a set of scattering points. The generalized formula agrees very well with\nnumerical results of the non-adiabatic dynamics, which we obtained by a direct\nnumerical method. This will make the Landau-Zener formula yet more useful in\nanalyzing experimental data of magnetic-moment inversion.",
        "positive": "Universality classes for purification in nonunitary quantum processes: We consider universal aspects of two problems: (I) the slow purification of a\nlarge number of qubits by repeated quantum measurements, and (II) the singular\nvalue structure of a product ${m_t m_{t-1}\\ldots m_1}$ of many large random\nmatrices. Each kind of process is associated with the decay of natural measures\nof entropy as a function of time or of the number of matrices in the product.\nWe argue that, for a broad class of models, each process is described by\nuniversal scaling forms for purification, and that (I) and (II) represent\ndistinct ``universality classes'' with distinct scaling functions. Using the\nreplica trick, these universality classes correspond to one-dimensional\neffective statistical mechanics models for a gas of ``kinks'', representing\ndomain walls between elements of the permutation group. (This is an instructive\nlow-dimensional limit of the effective statistical mechanics models for random\ncircuits and tensor networks.) These results apply to long-time purification in\nspatially local monitored circuit models on the entangled side of the\nmeasurement phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling of the glassy dynamics of soft repulsive particles: a\n  mode-coupling approach: We combine the hyper-netted chain approximation of liquid state theory with\nthe mode-coupling theory of the glass transition to analyze the structure and\ndynamics of soft spheres interacting via harmonic repulsion. We determine the\nlocus of the fluid-glass dynamic transition in a temperature -- volume fraction\nphase diagram. The zero-temperature (hard sphere) glass transition influences\nthe dynamics at finite temperatures in its vicinity. This directly implies a\nform of dynamic scaling for both the average relaxation time and dynamic\nsusceptibilities quantifying dynamic heterogeneity. We discuss several\nqualitative disagreements between theory and existing simulations at\nequilibrium. Our theoretical results are, however, very similar to numerical\nresults for the driven athermal dynamics of repulsive spheres, suggesting that\n`mean-field' mode-coupling approaches might be good starting points to describe\nthese nonequilibrium dynamics.",
        "positive": "Properties of the multicritical point of +/- J Ising spin glasses on the\n  square lattice: We use numerical transfer-matrix methods to investigate properties of the\nmulticriticalpoint of binary Ising spin glasses on a square lattice, whose\nlocation we assume to be given exactly by a conjecture advanced by Nishimori\nand Nemoto. We calculate the two largest Lyapunov exponents, as well as linear\nand non-linear zero-field uniform susceptibilities, on strip of widths $4 \\leq\nL \\leq 16$ sites, from which we estimate the conformal anomaly $c$, the\ndecay-of-correlations exponent $\\eta$, and the linear and non-linear\nsusceptibility exponents $\\gamma/\\nu$ and $\\gamma^{nl}/\\nu$, with the help of\nfinite-size scaling and conformal invariance concepts. Our results are:\n$c=0.46(1)$; $0.187 \\lesssim \\eta \\lesssim 0.196$; $\\gamma/\\nu=1.797(5)$;\n$\\gamma^{nl}/\\nu=5.59(2)$. A direct evaluation of correlation functions on the\nstrip geometry, and of the statistics of the zeroth moment of the associated\nprobability distribution, gives $\\eta=0.194(1)$, consistent with the\ncalculation via Lyapunov exponents. Overall, these values tend to be\ninconsistent with the universality class of percolation, though by small\namounts. The scaling relation $\\gamma^{nl}/\\nu=2 \\gamma/\\nu+d$ (with space\ndimensionality $d=2$) is obeyed to rather good accuracy, thus showing no\nevidence of multiscaling behavior of the susceptibilities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mechanism for a Chemical Potential of Nonequilibrium Magnons in\n  Parametric Parallel Pumping: We demonstrate how a magnon chemical potential is generated in parametric\nparallel pumping. We study how a time-periodic magnetic field of this pumping\naffects magnon properties of a ferrimagnet in a nonequilibrium steady state. We\nshow that the magnon distribution function of our nonequilibrium steady state\nbecomes the Bose distribution function with $\\mu=\\omega_{\\textrm{p}}/2$, where\n$\\mu$ is the magnon chemical potential and $\\omega_{\\textrm{p}}$ is the pumping\nfrequency. This result is distinct from the absence of the magnon chemical\npotential in the standard theory and can qualitatively explain its generation\nin experiments. We believe our result is a first theoretical demonstration of\nthe generation of the magnon chemical potential in the parametric parallel\npumping, providing an important step towards a thorough understanding of\nproperties of nonequilibrium magnons.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Fractal and Noether's Theorem: We consider the binary fragmentation problem in which, at any breakup event,\none of the daughter segments either survives with probability $p$ or disappears\nwith probability $1\\!-\\!p$. It describes a stochastic dyadic Cantor set that\nevolves in time, and eventually becomes a fractal. We investigate this\nphenomenon, through analytical methods and Monte Carlo simulation, for a\ngeneric class of models, where segment breakup points follow a symmetric beta\ndistribution with shape parameter $\\alpha$, which also determines the\nfragmentation rate. For a fractal dimension $d_f$, we find that the $d_f$-th\nmoment $M_{d_f}$ is a conserved quantity, independent of $p$ and $\\alpha$. We\nuse the idea of data collapse -- a consequence of dynamical scaling symmetry --\nto demonstrate that the system exhibits self-similarity. In an attempt to\nconnect the symmetry with the conserved quantity, we reinterpret the\nfragmentation equation as the continuity equation of a Euclidean\nquantum-mechanical system. Surprisingly, the Noether charge corresponding to\ndynamical scaling is trivial, while $M_{d_f}$ relates to a purely mathematical\nsymmetry: quantum-mechanical phase rotation in Euclidean time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stability of Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gases Using Effective s- and p-Wave\n  Contact-Interactions: The stability of trapped dilute Fermi gases against collapse towards large\ndensities is studied. A hermitian effective contact-interaction for all partial\nwaves is derived, which is particularly suited for a mean-field description of\nthese systems. Including the s- and p-wave parts explicit stability conditions\nand critical particle numbers are given as function of the scattering lengths.\nThe p-wave contribution determines the stability of a single-component gas and\ncan substantially modify the stability of a two-component gas. Moreover it may\ngive rise to a novel p-wave stabilized high-density phase.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Processes and Statistical Mechanics: Statistical thermodynamics delivers the probability distribution of the\nequilibrium state of matter through the constrained maximization of a special\nfunctional, entropy. Its elegance and enormous success have led to numerous\nattempts to decipher its language and make it available to problems outside\nphysics, but a formal generalization has remained elusive. Here we show how the\nformalism of thermodynamics can be applied to any stochastic process. We view a\nstochastic process as a random walk on the event space of a random variable\nthat produces a feasible distribution of states. The set of feasible\ndistributions obeys thermodynamics: the most probable distribution is the\ncanonical distribution, it maximizes the functionals of statistical mechanics,\nand its parameters satisfy the same Legendre relationships. Thus the formalism\nof thermodynamics -- no new functionals beyond those already encountered in\nstatistical physics -- is shown to be a stochastic calculus, a universal\nlanguage of probability distributions and stochastic processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Corner transfer matrices for 2D strongly coupled many-body Floquet\n  systems: We develop, based on Baxter's corner transfer matrices, a renormalizable\nnumerically exact method for computation of the level density of the\nquasi-energy spectra of two-dimensional (2D) locally interacting many-body\nFloquet systems. We demonstrate its functionality exemplified by the kicked 2D\nquantum Ising model. Using the method, we are able to treat the system of\narbitrarily large finite size (for example 10000 x 10000 lattice). We clearly\ndemonstrate that the density of Floquet quasi-energy spectrum tends to a flat\nfunction in the thermodynamic limit for generic values of model parameters.\nHowever, contrary to the prediction of random matrices of the circular\northogonal ensemble, the decay rates of the Fourier coefficients of the Floquet\nlevel density exhibit rich and non-trivial dependence on the system's\nparameters. Remarkably, we find that the method is renormalizable and gives\nthermodynamically convergent results only in certain regions of the parameter\nspace where the corner transfer matrices have effectively a finite rank for any\nsystem size. In the complementary regions, the corner transfer matrices\neffectively become of full rank and the method becomes non-renormalizable. This\nmay indicate an interesting phase transition from an area- to volume- law of\nentanglement in the thermodynamic state of a Floquet system.",
        "positive": "Behavior of early warnings near the critical temperature in the\n  two-dimensional Ising model: Among the properties that are common to complex systems, the presence of\ncritical thresholds in the dynamics of the system is one of the most important.\nRecently, there has been interest in the universalities that occur in the\nbehavior of systems near critical points. These universal properties make it\npossible to estimate how far a system is from a critical threshold. Several\nearly-warning signals have been reported in time series representing systems\nnear catastrophic shifts. The proper understanding of these early-warnings may\nallow the prediction and perhaps control of these dramatic shifts in a wide\nvariety of systems. In this paper we analyze this universal behavior for a\nsystem that is a paradigm of phase transitions, the Ising model. We study the\nbehavior of the early-warning signals and the way the temporal correlations of\nthe system increase when the system is near the critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise Enhanced Stability in Fluctuating Metastable States: We derive general equations for the nonlinear relaxation time of Brownian\ndiffusion in randomly switching potential with a sink. For piece-wise linear\ndichotomously fluctuating potential with metastable state, we obtain the exact\naverage lifetime as a function of the potential parameters and the noise\nintensity. Our result is valid for arbitrary white noise intensity and for\narbitrary fluctuation rate of the potential. We find noise enhanced stability\nphenomenon in the system investigated: the average lifetime of the metastable\nstate is greater than the time obtained in the absence of additive white noise.\nWe obtain the parameter region of the fluctuating potential where the effect\ncan be observed. The system investigated also exhibits a maximum of the\nlifetime as a function of the fluctuation rate of the potential.",
        "positive": "Exact results for the Casimir force of a three-dimensional model of\n  relativistic Bose gas in a film geometry: Recently it has been suggested that relativistic Bose gas of some type can be\nplaying role in issues like dark matter, dark energy, and in some cosmological\nproblems. In the current article we investigate one known exactly solvable\nmodel of three-dimensional statistical-mechanical model of relativistic Bose\ngas that takes into account the existence of both particles and antiparticles.\nWe derive exact expressions for the behavior of the Casimir force for the\nsystem subjected to film geometry under periodic boundary conditions. We show\nthat the Casimir force between the plates is attractive, monotonic as a\nfunction of the temperature scaling variable, with a scaling function that\napproaches at low temperatures a universal negative constant equal to the\ncorresponding one for two-component three dimensional Gaussian system. The\nforce decays with the distance in a power law near and below the bulk critical\ntemperature $T_c$ of the Bose condensate and exponentially above $T_c$. We\nobtain closed form exact expression for the Casimir amplitude $\\Delta_{\\rm\nCas}^{\\rm RBG} =-4\\zeta(3)/(5\\pi)$. We establish the precise correspondence of\nthe scaling function of the free energy of the model with the scaling functions\nof two other well-known models of statistical mechanics - the spherical model\nand the imperfect Bose gas model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Relativistic Paradox and its Resolution or Who drives the entropy\n  current between two bodies in relative motion?: We discuss a paradox from the field of relativistic thermodynamics: Two heat\nreservoirs of the same proper temperature move against each other. One is at\nrest in reference frame SA, the other in reference frame SB. For an observer,\nno matter in which of the two reference frames he is at rest, the temperatures\nof the two reservoirs are different. One might therefore conclude that a\nthermal engine can be operated between the reservoirs. However, the observers\nin SA and SB do not agree upon the direction of the entropy flow: from SA to\nSB, or from SB to SA. The resolution of the paradox is obtained by taking into\naccount that the drive of an entropy current is not simply a temperature\ndifference, but the difference of a quantity that depends on temperature and on\nvelocity.",
        "positive": "Particle rearrangement and softening contributions to the nonlinear\n  mechanical response of glasses: Amorphous materials such as metallic, polymeric, and colloidal glasses,\nexhibit complex preparation-dependent mechanical response to applied shear. We\nperform numerical simulations to investigate the mechanical response of binary\nLennard-Jones glasses undergoing athermal, quasistatic pure shear as a function\nof the cooling rate $R$ used to prepare them. The ensemble-averaged stress\nversus strain curve $\\langle\\sigma(\\gamma)\\rangle$ resembles the spatial\naverage in the large size limit, which appears smooth and displays a putative\nelastic regime at small strains, a yielding-related peak at intermediate\nstrain, and a plastic flow regime at large strains. In contrast, for each glass\nconfiguration in the ensemble, the stress-strain curve consists of many short\nnearly linear segments that are punctuated by particle-rearrangement-induced\nrapid stress drops. We quantify the shape of the small stress-strain segments,\nas well as the frequency and size of the stress drops in each glass\nconfiguration. We decompose the stress loss into the loss from particle\nrearrangements and from softening i.e., the reduction of the slopes of the\nlinear segments in $\\sigma(\\gamma)$), and then compare the two contributions as\na function of $R$ and $\\gamma$. For the current studies, the\nrearrangement-induced stress loss is larger than the softening-induced stress\nloss, however, softening stress losses increase with decreasing cooling rate.\nWe also characterize the structure of the potential energy landscape along the\nstrain direction for glasses prepared with different $R$, and observe a\ndramatic change of the properties of the landscape near the yielding\ntransition. We then show that the rearrangement-induced energy loss per strain\ncan serve as an order parameter for the yielding transition, which sharpens for\nslow cooling rates and in the large system-size limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Far-from-equilibrium processes without net thermal exchange via energy\n  sorting: Many important processes at the microscale require far-from-equilibrium\nconditions to occur, as in the functioning of mesoscopic bioreactors,\nnanoscopic rotors, and nanoscale mass conveyors. Achieving such conditions,\nhowever, is typically based on energy inputs that strongly affect the thermal\nproperties of the environment and the controllability of the system itself.\nHere, we present a general class of far-from-equilibrium processes that\nsuppress the net thermal exchange with the environment by maintaining the\nMaxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution intact. This new phenomenon, referred\nto as ghost equilibrium, results from the statistical cancellation of\nsuperheated and subcooled nonequilibrated degrees of freedom that are\nautonomously generated through a microscale energy sorting process. We provide\ngeneral conditions to observe this phenomenon and study its implications for\nmanipulating energy at the microscale. The results are applied explicitly to\ntwo mechanistically different cases, an ensemble of rotational dipoles and a\ngas of trapped particles, which encompass a great variety of common situations\ninvolving both rotational and translational degrees of freedom.",
        "positive": "Universality class change due to angle of deposition of thin-film growth\n  by random particles aggregation: In this work we study numerically the effects of the angle of deposition of\nparticles in the growth process of a thin-film generated by aggregation of\nparticles added at random. The particles are aggregated in a random position of\nan initially flat surface and with a given angle distribution. This process\ngives rise to a rough interface after some time of deposition. We performed\nMonte Carlo simulations and, by changing the angle of deposition, we observed a\ntransition from the random deposition (RD) universality class to the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class. We measured the usual scaling\nexponents, namely, the roughness ($\\alpha$), the growth ($\\beta$) and the\ndynamic ($z$) exponents. Our results show that the particles added\nnon-perpendicularly to the substrate, can change the universality class in a\ndiscrete atomistic random deposition model. When particles are deposited with\nan angle of $45^{\\circ}$ in relation to the surface, the same values of the\nBallistic Deposition model are observed in the Random Deposition model. We also\npropose an analytic approach, using a differential stochastic equation to\nanalyze the growth process evolution, and our theoretical results corroborate\nthe computer simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Survival Probabilities of History-Dependent Random Walks: We analyze the dynamics of random walks with long-term memory (binary chains\nwith long-range correlations) in the presence of an absorbing boundary. An\nanalytically solvable model is presented, in which a dynamical phase-transition\noccurs when the correlation strength parameter \\mu reaches a critical value\n\\mu_c. For strong positive correlations, \\mu > \\mu_c, the survival probability\nis asymptotically finite, whereas for \\mu < \\mu_c it decays as a power-law in\ntime (chain length).",
        "positive": "Commutative law for products of infinitely large isotropic random\n  matrices: Ensembles of isotropic random matrices are defined by the invariance of the\nprobability measure under the left (and right) multiplication by an arbitrary\nunitary matrix. We show that the multiplication of large isotropic random\nmatrices is spectrally commutative and self-averaging in the limit of infinite\nmatrix size $N \\rightarrow \\infty$. The notion of spectral commutativity means\nthat the eigenvalue density of a product ABC... of such matrices is independent\nof the order of matrix multiplication, for example the matrix ABCD has the same\neigenvalue density as ADCB. In turn, the notion of self-averaging means that\nthe product of n independent but identically distributed random matrices, which\nwe symbolically denote by AAA..., has the same eigenvalue density as the\ncorresponding power A^n of a single matrix drawn from the underlying matrix\nensemble. For example, the eigenvalue density of ABCCABC is the same as of\nA^2B^2C^3. We also discuss the singular behavior of the eigenvalue and singular\nvalue densities of isotropic matrices and their products for small eigenvalues\n$\\lambda \\rightarrow 0$. We show that the singularities at the origin of the\neigenvalue density and of the singular value density are in one-to-one\ncorrespondence in the limit $N \\rightarrow \\infty$: the eigenvalue density of\nan isotropic random matrix has a power law singularity at the origin $\\sim\n|\\lambda|^{-s}$ with a power $s \\in (0,2)$ when and only when the density of\nits singular values has a power law singularity $\\sim \\lambda^{-\\sigma}$ with a\npower $\\sigma = s/(4-s)$. These results are obtained analytically in the limit\n$N \\rightarrow \\infty$. We supplement these results with numerical simulations\nfor large but finite N and discuss finite size effects for the most common\nensembles of isotropic random matrices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Markov Switching Multi-fractal models as a new class of REM-like\n  models in 1-dimensional space: We map the Markov Switching Multi-fractal model (MSM) onto the Random Energy\nModel (REM). The MSM is, like the REM, an exactly solvable model in 1-d space\nwith non-trivial correlation functions. According to our results, four\ndifferent statistical physics phases are possible in random walks with\nmulti-fractal behavior. We also introduce the continuous branching version of\nthe model, calculate the moments and prove multiscaling behavior. Different\nphases have different multi-scaling properties.",
        "positive": "Ensemble fluctuations matter for variances of macroscopic variables: Extending recent work on stress fluctuations in complex fluids and amorphous\nsolids we describe in general terms the ensemble average $v(\\Delta t)$ and the\nstandard deviation $\\delta v(\\Delta t)$ of the variance $v[\\mathbf{x}]$ of time\nseries $\\mathbf{x}$ of a stochastic process $x(t)$ measured over a finite\nsampling time $\\Delta t$. Assuming a stationary, Gaussian and ergodic process,\n$\\delta v$ is given by a functional $\\delta v_G[h]$ of the autocorrelation\nfunction $h(t)$. $\\delta v(\\Delta t)$ is shown to become large and similar to\n$v(\\Delta t)$ if $\\Delta t$ corresponds to a fast relaxation process. Albeit\n$\\delta v = \\delta v_G[h]$ does not hold in general for non-ergodic systems,\nthe deviations for common systems with many microstates are merely finite-size\ncorrections. Various issues are illustrated for shear-stress fluctuations in\nsimple coarse-grained model systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "When is a bit worth much more than kT ln2?: Physical processes thatobtain, process, and erase information involve\ntradeoffs between information and energy. The fundamental energetic value of a\nbit of information exchanged with a reservoir at temperature T is kT ln2. This\npaper investigates the situation in which information is missing about just\nwhat physical process is about to take place. The fundamental energetic value\nof such information can be far greater than kT ln2 per bit.",
        "positive": "Statistics of the first passage area functional for an\n  Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process: We consider the area functional defined by the integral of an\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck process which starts from a given value and ends at the time\nit first reaches zero (its equilibrium level). Exact results are presented for\nthe mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis of the underlying area probability\ndistribution, together with the covariance and correlation between the area and\nthe first passage time. Amongst other things, the analysis demonstrates that\nthe area distribution is asymptotically normal in the weak noise limit, which\nstands in contrast to the first passage time distribution. Various applications\nare indicated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Eigenstate thermalization in dual-unitary quantum circuits: Asymptotics\n  of spectral functions: The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis provides to date the most successful\ndescription of thermalization in isolated quantum systems by conjecturing\nstatistical properties of matrix elements of typical operators in the\n(quasi-)energy eigenbasis. Here we study the distribution of matrix elements\nfor a class of operators in dual-unitary quantum circuits in dependence of the\nfrequency associated with the corresponding eigenstates. We provide an exact\nasymptotic expression for the spectral function, i.e., the second moment of\nthis frequency resolved distribution. The latter is obtained from the decay of\ndynamical correlations between local operators which can be computed exactly\nfrom the elementary building blocks of the dual-unitary circuits. Comparing the\nasymptotic expression with results obtained by exact diagonalization we find\nexcellent agreement. Small fluctuations at finite system size are explicitly\nrelated to dynamical correlations at intermediate times and the deviations from\ntheir asymptotical dynamics. Moreover, we confirm the expected Gaussian\ndistribution of the matrix elements by computing higher moments numerically.",
        "positive": "Absence of Normal Fluctuations in an Integrable Magnet: We investigate dynamical fluctuations of transferred magnetization in the\none-dimensional lattice Landau--Lifshitz magnet with uniaxial anisotropy,\nrepresenting an emblematic model of interacting spins. We demonstrate that the\nstructure of fluctuations in thermal equilibrium depends radically on the\ncharacteristic dynamical scale. In the ballistic regime, typical fluctuations\nare found to follow a normal distribution and scaled cumulants are finite. In\nstark contrast, on the diffusive and superdiffusive timescales, relevant\nrespectively for the easy-axis and isotropic magnet at vanishing total\nmagnetization, typical fluctuations are no longer Gaussian and, remarkably,\nscaled cumulants are divergent. The observed anomalous features disappear upon\nbreaking integrability, suggesting that the absence of normal fluctuations is\nintimately tied to the presence of soliton modes. In a nonequilibrium setting\nof the isotropic magnet with weakly polarized step-profile initial state we\nfind a slow drift of dynamical exponent from the superdiffusive towards the\ndiffusive value."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution for the Lindbladian dynamics for the open XX spin chain\n  with boundary dissipation: We obtain exact formulas for the time-dependence of a few physical\nobservables for the open XX spin chain with Lindbladian dynamics. Our analysis\nis based on the fact that the Lindblad equation for an arbitrary open quadratic\nsystem of $N$ fermions is explicitly solved in terms of diagonalization of a\n$4N\\times4N$ matrix called structure matrix by following the scheme of the\nthird quantization. We mainly focus on the time-dependence of magnetization and\nspin current. As a short-time behavior at a given site, we observe the plateau\nregime except near the center of the chain. Basic features of this are\nexplained by the light-cone structure created by propagations of boundary\neffects from the initial time, but we can explain their more detailed\nproperties analytically using our exact formulas. On the other hand, after the\nplateau regime, the magnetization and spin current exhibit a slow decay to the\nsteady state values described by the Liouvillian gap. We analytically establish\nits $O(N^{-3})$ scaling and also determine its coefficient.",
        "positive": "Emergence of biconnected clusters in explosive percolation: By introducing a simple competition mechanism for the insertion of bonds in\nrandom graphs, the explosive percolation demonstrates a sharped phase\ntransition with rich critical phenomena. In this paper, we study the high-order\nconnectivity in the explosive percolation by the event-based ensemble, focusing\non the biconnected cluster, in which any two sites are connected by at least\ntwo independent paths. Although the biconnected clusters are formed only by\ninserting intra-cluster bonds, we numerically confirm that the percolation\nthreshold of the biconnected cluster is independent of a special competition\nmechanism for the intra-cluster bond, instead, it shares the same value with\nthe percolation of simply connected clusters. Moreover, it is very interesting\nthat the volume fractal dimension of the biconnected clusters $d_{f}'$ varies\nwhen different competition mechanisms are applied to intra-cluster bonds. The\nfit results suggest that $d_{f}'$ is much smaller than the volume fractal\ndimension of the connected cluster $d_{f}$, indicating a non-explosive\ntransition of the biconnected cluster. The size distribution of biconnected\nclusters shows a double-scaling behavior -- the size distribution of large\nclusters is still governed by the standard Fisher exponent derived from the\nhyperscaling relation $\\tau'=1+1/d_{f}'$, while a modified Fisher exponent\n$\\tau_0\\leq1$ is found for small clusters. The value of $\\tau_0$, and the\ncrossover of the two scalings depends on the competition mechanism of\nintra-cluster bonds. All these demonstrate that the high-order connectivity\nalso shows some unusual features by simply suppressing the growth of clusters\nin the percolation model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Persistence in the Zero-Temperature Dynamics of the Random Ising\n  Ferromagnet on a Voronoi-Delaunay lattice: The zero-temperature Glauber dynamic is used to investigate the persistence\nprobability $P(t)$ in the randomic two-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising model on\na Voronoi-Delaunay tessellation. We consider the coupling factor $J$ varying\nwith the distance $r$ between the first neighbors to be $J(r) \\propto\ne^{-\\alpha r}$, with $\\alpha \\ge 0$. The persistence probability of spins flip,\nthat does not depends on time $t$, is found to decay to a non-zero value\n$P(\\infty)$ depending on the parameter $\\alpha$. Nevertheless, the quantity\n$p(t)=P(t)-P(\\infty)$ decays exponentially to zero over long times.\nFurthermore, the fraction of spins that do not change at a time $t$ is a\nmonotonically increasing function of the parameter $\\alpha$. Our results are\nconsistent with the ones obtained for the diluted ferromagnetic Ising model on\na square lattice.",
        "positive": "The XY model on the one-dimensional superlattice: static properties: The XY model (s=1/2) on the one-dimensional alternating superlattice (closed\nchain) is solved exactly by using a generalized Jordan-Wigner transformation\nand the Green function method. Closed expressions are obtained for the\nexcitation spectrum, the internal energy, the specific heat, the average\nmagnetization per site, the static transverse susceptibility and the two-spin\ncorrelation function in the field direction at arbitrary temperature. At T=0 it\nis shown that the system presents multiple second order phase transitions\ninduced by the transverse field, which are associated to the zero energy mode\nwith wave number equal to 0 or $\\pi$. It is also shown that the average\nmagnetization as a function of the field presents, alternately, regions of\nplateaux (disordered phases) and regions of variable magnetization (ordered\nphases). The static correlation function presents an oscillating behaviour in\nthe ordered phase and its period goes to infinity at the critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple proof of the Jarzynski equality?: In this short communication, I give a very simple derivation of the Jarzynski\nequality, which allows to compute the free energy difference of a body, which\nis driven between two equilibrium states $A$ and $B$ by an external\n(time-dependent) force, from the probability distribution function of the work\ndone on the system, regardless of the nature of the transformation (reversible\nor irreversible) between the states $A$ and $B$. It perhaps throws some light\non the debate recently started by Cohen and coworkers, and perhaps explains why\nall the experiments which has been performed in order to test the Jarzynski\nequality are successful, even in very defavorable (irreversible) cases (and\nmore strikingly, when the state $B$ is not an equilibrium one).",
        "positive": "Extreme Value Statistics and Traveling Fronts: An Application to\n  Computer Science: We study the statistics of height and balanced height in the binary search\ntree problem in computer science. The search tree problem is first mapped to a\nfragmentation problem which is then further mapped to a modified directed\npolymer problem on a Cayley tree. We employ the techniques of traveling fronts\nto solve the polymer problem and translate back to derive exact asymptotic\nproperties in the original search tree problem. The second mapping allows us\nnot only to re-derive the already known results for random binary trees but to\nobtain new exact results for search trees where the entries arrive according to\nan arbitrary distribution, not necessarily randomly. Besides it allows us to\nderive the asymptotic shape of the full probability distribution of height and\nnot just its moments. Our results are then generalized to $m$-ary search trees\nwith arbitrary distribution. An attempt has been made to make the article\naccessible to both physicists and computer scientists."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipative work, Clausius inequality, and microscopic reversibility for\n  open Hamiltonian systems: We derive a microscopic expression of the Clausius inequality for isothermal\nopen systems within the fundamental Hamiltonian dynamics. We also show the\npositivity of the dissipative work, which is a path integral generalization of\nthe so-called relative entropy for the probability functionals of time forward-\nand reversed- trajectories.",
        "positive": "Boundary effects on finite-size scaling for the 5-dimensional Ising\n  model: High-dimensional ($d\\ge 5$) Ising systems have mean-field critical exponents.\nHowever, at the critical temperature the finite-size scaling of the\nsusceptibility $\\chi$ depends on the boundary conditions. A system with\nperiodic boundary conditions then has $\\chi\\propto L^{5/2}$. Deleting the\n$5L^4$ boundary edges we receive a system with free boundary conditions and now\n$\\chi\\propto L^2$. In the present work we find that deleting the $L^4$ boundary\nedges along just one direction is enough to have the scaling $\\chi\\propto L^2$.\nIt also appears that deleting $L^3$ boundary edges results in an intermediate\nscaling, here estimated to $\\chi\\propto L^{2.275}$. We also study how the\nenergy and magnetisation distributions change when deleting boundary edges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Power Laws of Wealth, Market Order Volumes and Market Returns: Using the Generalised Lotka Volterra (GLV) model adapted to deal with muti\nagent systems we can investigate economic systems from a general viewpoint and\nobtain generic features common to most economies. Assuming only weak generic\nassumptions on capital dynamics, we are able to obtain very specific\npredictions for the distribution of social wealth. First, we show that in a\n'fair' market, the wealth distribution among individual investors fulfills a\npower law. We then argue that 'fair play' for capital and minimal\nsocio-biological needs of the humans traps the economy within a power law\nwealth distribution with a particular Pareto exponent $\\alpha \\sim 3/2$. In\nparticular we relate it to the average number of individuals L depending on the\naverage wealth: $\\alpha \\sim L/(L-1)$. Then we connect it to certain power\nexponents characterising the stock markets. We obtain that the distribution of\nvolumes of the individual (buy and sell) orders follows a power law with\nsimilar exponent $\\beta \\sim \\alpha \\sim 3/2$. Consequently, in a market where\ntrades take place by matching pairs of such sell and buy orders, the\ncorresponding exponent for the market returns is expected to be of order\n$\\gamma \\sim 2 \\alpha \\sim 3$. These results are consistent with recent\nexperimental measurements of these power law exponents ([Maslov 2001] for\n$\\beta$ and [Gopikrishnan et al. 1999] for $\\gamma$).",
        "positive": "Riemann surfaces for KPZ with periodic boundaries: The Riemann surface for polylogarithms of half-integer index, which has the\ntopology of an infinite dimensional hypercube, is studied in relation to\none-dimensional KPZ universality in finite volume. Known exact results for\nfluctuations of the KPZ height with periodic boundaries are expressed in terms\nof meromorphic functions on this Riemann surface, summed over all the sheets of\na covering map to an infinite cylinder. Connections to stationary large\ndeviations, particle-hole excitations and KdV solitons are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytical Calculation of Four-Point Correlations for a Simple Model of\n  Cages Involving Numerous Particles: Dynamics of a one-dimensional system of Brownian particles with short-range\nrepulsive interaction (diameter sigma) is studied with a liquid-theoretical\napproach. The mean square displacement, the two-particle displacement\ncorrelation, and the overlap-density-based generalized susceptibility are\ncalculated analytically by way of the Lagrangian correlation of the\ninterparticulate space, instead of the Eulerian correlation of density that is\ncommonly used in the standard mode-coupling theory. In regard to the mean\nsquare displacement, the linear analysis reproduces the established result on\nthe asymptotic subdiffusive behavior of the system. A finite-time correction is\ngiven by incorporating the effect of entropic nonlinearity with a Lagrangian\nversion of mode-coupling theory. The notorious difficulty in derivation of the\nmode-coupling theory concerning violation of the fluctuation-dissipation\ntheorem is found to disappear by virtue of the Lagrangian description. The\nLagrangian description also facilitates analytical calculation of four-point\ncorrelations in the space-time, such as the two-particle displacement\ncorrelation. The two-particle displacement correlation, which is asymptotically\nself-similar in the space-time, illustrates how the cage effect confines each\nparticle within a short radius on one hand and creates collective motion of\nnumerous particles on the other hand. As the time elapses, the correlation\nlength grows unlimitedly, and the generalized susceptibility based on the\noverlap density converges to a finite value which is an increasing function of\nthe density. The distribution function behind these dynamical four-point\ncorrelations and its extension to three-dimensional cases, respecting the\ntensorial character of the two-particle displacement correlation, are also\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Optimal tuning of a confined Brownian information engine: A Brownian information engine is a device extracting a mechanical work from a\nsingle heat bath by exploiting the information on the state of a Brownian\nparticle immersed in the bath. As for engines, it is important to find the\noptimal operating condition that yields the maximum extracted work or power.\nThe optimal condition for a Brownian information engine with a finite cycle\ntime $\\tau$ has been rarely studied because of the difficulty in finding the\nnonequilibrium steady state. In this study, we introduce a model for the\nBrownian information engine and develop an analytic formalism for its steady\nstate distribution for any $\\tau$. We find that the extracted work per engine\ncycle is maximum when $\\tau$ approaches infinity, while the power is maximum\nwhen $\\tau$ approaches zero."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A new method to calculate a 2d ising universality transition point :\n  application near the ashkin-teller multicritical point: We propose a new method to numerically calculate transition points that\nbelongs to 2D Ising universality class for quantum spin models. Generally, near\nthe multicritical point, in conventional methods, a finite size correction\nbecomes very large. To suppress the effect of the multicritical point, we use a\nz-axis twisted boundary condition and a y-axis twisted boundary condition. We\napply our method to an S = 1/2 bond-alternating XXZ model. The multicritical\npoint of this model has a BKT transition, where the correlation length diverges\nsingularly. However, with our method, the convergence of calculation is highly\nimproved, thus we can calculate the transition point even near the\nmulticritical point.",
        "positive": "Breakdown of a renormalized perturbation expansion around mode-coupling\n  theory of the glass transition: We analyze a renormalized perturbation expansion around the mode-coupling\ntheory of the glass transition. We focus on the long-time limit of the\nirreducible memory function. We discuss a renormalized diagrammatic expansion\nfor this function and re-sum two infinite classes of diagrams. We show that the\nresulting contributions to the irreducible memory function diverge at the\nmode-coupling transition. A further re-summation of ladder diagrams constructed\nby iterating these divergent contributions gives a finite result which cancels\nthe mode-coupling theory's expression for the irreducible memory function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple generalization of Prandtl-Tomlinson model to study nanoscale\n  rolling friction: Prandtl-Tomlinson (PT) model has been very successful in explaining nanoscale\nfriction in a variety of situations. However, the simplistic PT model, on\naccount of having a point mass being dragged across a sinusoidal force field,\ncannot be used for studying rolling friction at nanoscales. In this manuscript,\nwe generalize the PT model as a collection of point particles arranged in a\ncircle of radius $R$. The resulting ``rigid body'' is driven in a composite\nforce field by a moving spring (of stiffness $k$) connected to the center of\nmass of the rigid body in presence of damping. The force field is a product of\nthe familiar sinusoidal function used in the PT model with a parametrically\ncontrolled ($\\lambda$) exponentially varying function that is dependent on the\nvertical coordinates of the particles. Our generalized model degenerates to the\nstandard PT model if $R \\ll 1$ and $\\lambda \\to 0$. With $R \\sim 1$ and\n$\\lambda \\to 0$, the model undergoes a transition from sticky dynamics to\nsmooth dynamics as $k$ is increased to a critical value. The analytical\nexpression agrees well with the simulation results. Similar analytical\nexpressions have been derived for $ \\lambda \\neq 0$ as well. In this scenario,\nthe sticky dynamics is experienced in both $x$ and $y$ directions, and our\nnumerical results agree with the analytical solution for $x$ direction. The\ndynamics, investigated numerically for the general case of $R \\sim 1$ and\n$\\lambda \\neq 0$, reveals several interesting aspects of nanoscale tribology\nincluding the regimes where energy dissipation due to friction is minimum.\nFurther the results from our proposed model are in qualitative agreement with\nthose from MD simulations as well. We believe that the simplicity of our model\nalong with its similarity to the PT model may make it a popular tool for\nanalyzing complicated nanotribological regimes.",
        "positive": "The randomly driven Ising ferromagnet, Part I: General formalism and\n  mean field theory: We consider the behavior of an Ising ferromagnet obeying the Glauber dynamics\nunder the influence of a fast switching, random external field. After\nintroducing a general formalism for describing such systems, we consider here\nthe mean-field theory. A novel type of first order phase transition related to\nspontaneous symmetry breaking and dynamic freezing is found. The\nnon-equilibrium stationary state has a complex structure, which changes as a\nfunction of parameters from a singular-continuous distribution with Euclidean\nor fractal support to an absolutely continuous one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kolmogorov Dispersion for Turbulence in Porous Media: A Conjecture: We will utilise the self-avoiding walk (SAW) mapping of the vortex line\nconformations in turbulence to get the Kolmogorov scale dependence of energy\ndispersion from SAW statistics, and the knowledge of the disordered fractal\ngeometries on the SAW statistics. These will give us the Kolmogorov energy\ndispersion exponent value for turbulence in porous media in terms of the size\nexponent for polymers in the same. We argue that the exponent value will be\nsomewhat less than 5/3 for turbulence in porous media.",
        "positive": "Effects of Disorder on Synchronization of Discrete Phase-Coupled\n  Oscillators: We study synchronization in populations of phase-coupled stochastic\nthree-state oscillators characterized by a distribution of transition rates. We\npresent results on an exactly solvable dimer as well as a systematic\ncharacterization of globally connected arrays of N types of oscillators (N=2,\n3, 4) by exploring the linear stability of the nonsynchronous fixed point. We\nalso provide results for globally coupled arrays where the transition rate of\neach unit is drawn from a uniform distribution of finite width. Even in the\npresence of transition rate disorder, numerical and analytical results point to\na single phase transition to macroscopic synchrony at a critical value of the\ncoupling strength. Numerical simulations make possible the further\ncharacterization of the synchronized arrays."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics and steady states of a tracer particle in a confined critical\n  fluid: The dynamics and the steady states of a point-like tracer particle immersed\nin a confined critical fluid are studied. The fluid is modeled\nfield-theoretically in terms of an order parameter (concentration or density\nfield) obeying dissipative or conservative equilibrium dynamics and\n(non-)symmetry-breaking boundary conditions. The tracer, which represents,\ne.g., a colloidal particle, interacts with the fluid by locally modifying its\nchemical potential or its correlations. The coupling between tracer and fluid\ngives rise to a nonlinear and non-Markovian tracer dynamics, which is\ninvestigated here analytically and via numerical simulations for a\none-dimensional system. From the coupled Langevin equations for the\ntracer-fluid system we derive an effective Fokker-Planck equation for the\ntracer by means of adiabatic elimination as well as perturbation theory within\na weak-coupling approximation. The effective tracer dynamics is found to be\ngoverned by a fluctuation-induced (Casimir) potential, a spatially dependent\nmobility, and a spatially dependent (multiplicative) noise, the characteristics\nof which depend on the interaction and the boundary conditions. The\nsteady-state distribution of the tracer is typically inhomogeneous. Notably,\nwhen detailed balance is broken, the driving of the temporally correlated noise\ncan induce an effective attraction of the tracer towards a boundary.",
        "positive": "Dynamic fluctuations in unfrustrated systems: random walks, scalar\n  fields and the Kosterlitz-Thouless phase: We study analytically the distribution of fluctuations of the quantities\nwhose average yield the usual two-point correlation and linear response\nfunctions in three unfrustrated models: the random walk, the $d$ dimensional\nscalar field and the 2d XY model. In particular we consider the time dependence\nof ratios between composite operators formed with these fluctuating quantities\nwhich generalize the largely studied fluctuation-dissipation ratio, allowing us\nto discuss the relevance of the effective temperature notion beyond linear\norder. The behavior of fluctuations in the aforementioned solvable cases is\ncompared to numerical simulations of the 2d clock model with $p=6,12$ states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tensor Network Message Passing: When studying interacting systems, computing their statistical properties is\na fundamental problem in various fields such as physics, applied mathematics,\nand machine learning. However, this task can be quite challenging due to the\nexponential growth of the state space as the system size increases. Many\nstandard methods have significant weaknesses. For instance, message-passing\nalgorithms can be inaccurate and even fail to converge due to short loops. At\nthe same time, tensor network methods can have exponential computational\ncomplexity in large graphs due to long loops. This work proposes a new method\ncalled ``tensor network message passing.'' This approach allows us to compute\nlocal observables like marginal probabilities and correlations by combining the\nstrengths of tensor networks in contracting small sub-graphs with many short\nloops and the strengths of message-passing methods in globally sparse graphs,\nthus addressing the crucial weaknesses of both approaches. Our algorithm is\nexact for systems that are globally tree-like and locally dense-connected when\nthe dense local graphs have limited treewidth. We have conducted numerical\nexperiments on synthetic and real-world graphs to compute magnetizations of\nIsing models and spin glasses, to demonstrate the superiority of our approach\nover standard belief propagation and the recently proposed loopy\nmessage-passing algorithm. In addition, we discuss the potential applications\nof our method in inference problems in networks, combinatorial optimization\nproblems, and decoding problems in quantum error correction.",
        "positive": "Finite Size Atom in the Hartree-Fock Approximation: New Substance\n  Quasiparticle: It is shown that, in the self-consistent quantum statistical Hartree-Fock\napproximation, the number of electronic states localized on one nucleus is\nfinite. This result is obtained on the basis of the general electron-nuclear\nmodel of matter and provides convergence of the atomic statistical sum and\nfiniteness of the \"atom\" size. In general approach the characteristic size of\nthe \"atom\" is a function of density and temperature. However, it is shown, that\nin a wide range of thermodynamic parameters, for relatively low temperatures,\ncharacteristic orbits and electron energy eigenvalues are independent of\ndensity and temperature. In this case, the sizes of the orbits are of order of\nthe Bohr radius which is a minimal characteristic size in the system for\ntypical parameters of plasma with atomic states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reaction-Subdiffusion Equations for the A <--> B Reaction: We consider a simple linear reversible isomerization reaction A <--> B under\nsubdiffusion described by continuous time random walks (CTRW). The reactants'\ntransformations take place independently on the motion and are described by\nconstant rates. We show that the form of the ensuing system of mesoscopic\nreaction-subdiffusion is somewhat unusual: the equation giving the time\nderivative of one reactant concentration, say A(x,t), contains the terms\ndepending not only on Laplacian A, but also on Laplacian B, i.e. depends also\non the transport operator of another reactant. Physically this is due to the\nfact that several transitions from A to B and back may take place at one site\nbefore the particle jumps.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamic Character of the Non-equipartition of Kinetic Energy in\n  Binary Granular Gases: The influence of the heating mechanism on the kinetic energy densities of the\ncomponents of a vibrated granular mixture is investigated. Collisions of the\nparticles with the vibrating wall are inelastic and characterized by two\ncoefficients of normal restitution, one for each of the two species. By means\nof molecular dynamics simulations, it is shown that the non-equipartition of\nkinetic energy is not affected by the differential mechanism of energy\ninjection, aside the usual boundary layer around the wall. The macroscopic\nstate of the mixture in the bulk is defined by intensive variables that do not\ninclude the partial granular temperatures of the components."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An introduction to the spectrum, symmetries, and dynamics of spin-1/2\n  Heisenberg chains: Quantum spin chains are prototype quantum many-body systems. They are\nemployed in the description of various complex physical phenomena. The goal of\nthis paper is to provide an introduction to the subject by focusing on the time\nevolution of a Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain and interpreting the results based on\nthe analysis of the eigenvalues, eigenstates, and symmetries of the system. We\nmake available online all computer codes used to obtain our data.",
        "positive": "Transition from Quantum Chaos to Localization in Spin Chains: Recent years have seen an increasing interest in quantum chaos and related\naspects of spatially extended systems, such as spin chains. However, the\nresults are strongly system dependent, generic approaches suggest the presence\nof many-body localization while analytical calculations for certain system\nclasses, here referred to as the ``self-dual case'', prove adherence to\nuniversal (chaotic) spectral behavior. We address these issues studying the\nlevel statistics in the vicinity of the latter case, thereby revealing\ntransitions to many-body localization as well as the appearance of several\nnon-standard random-matrix universality classes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Temperature dependent fluctuations in the two-dimensional XY\n  model\": We comment the recent published article entitled \"Temperature dependent\nfluctuations in the two-dimensional XY model\", appeared in J. Phys. A:\nMath.Gen. 38 (2005) 5603.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic arrow of time of quantum projective measurements: We investigate a thermodynamic arrow associated with quantum projective\nmeasurements in terms of the Jensen-Shannon divergence between the probability\ndistribution of energy change caused by the measurements and its time reversal\ncounterpart. Two physical quantities appear to govern the asymptotic values of\nthe time asymmetry. For an initial equilibrium ensemble prepared at a high\ntemperature, the energy fluctuations determine the convergence of the time\nasymmetry approaching zero. At low temperatures, finite survival probability of\nthe ground state limits the time asymmetry to be less than $\\ln 2$. We\nillustrate our results for a concrete system and discuss the fixed point of the\ntime asymmetry in the limit of infinitely repeated projections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hard-core collisional dynamics in the hamiltonian mean-field model: We consider a modification of the well studied Hamiltonian Mean-Field model\nby introducing a hard-core point-like repulsive interaction and propose a\nnumerical integration scheme to integrate numerically its dynamics. Our results\nshow that the outcome of the initial violent relaxation is altered, and also\nthat the phase-diagram is modified with a critical temperature at a higher\nvalue than in the non-collisional counterpart.",
        "positive": "Entanglement in a periodic quench: We consider a chain of free electrons with periodically switched dimerization\nand study the entanglement entropy of a segment with the remainder of the\nsystem. We show that it evolves in a stepwise manner towards a value\nproportional to the length of the segment and displays in general slow\noscillations. For particular quench periods and full dimerization an explicit\nsolution is given. Relations to equilibrium lattice models are pointed out."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Logarithmic or algebraic: roughening of an active Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n  surface: The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation sets the universality class for\ngrowing and roughening of nonequilibrium surfaces without any conservation law\nand nonlocal effects. We argue here that the KPZ equation can be generalised by\nincluding a symmetry-permitted nonlocal nonlinear term of active origin that is\nof the same order as the one included in the KPZ equation. Including this term,\nthe 2D active KPZ equation is stable in some parameter regimes, in which the\ninterface conformation fluctuations exhibit sub-logarithmic or\nsuper-logarithmic roughness, with nonuniversal exponents, giving positional\ngeneralised quasi-long-ranged order. For other parameter choices, the model is\nunstable, suggesting a perturbatively inaccessible algebraically rough\ninterface or positional short-ranged order. Our model should serve as a\nparadigmatic nonlocal growth equation.",
        "positive": "Resonant diffusion on solid surfaces: A new approach to Brownian motion of atomic clusters on solid surfaces is\ndeveloped. The main topic discussed is the dependence of the diffusion\ncoefficient on the fit between the surface static potential and the internal\ncluster configuration. It is shown this dependence is non-monotonous, which is\nthe essence of the so-called resonant diffusion. Assuming quicker inner motion\nof the cluster than its translation, adiabatic separation of these variables is\npossible and a relatively simple expression for the diffusion coefficient is\nobtained. In this way, the role of cluster vibrations is accounted for, thus\nleading to a more complex resonance in the cluster surface mobility."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shortcuts to Thermodynamic Computing: The Cost of Fast and Faithful\n  Erasure: Landauer's Principle states that the energy cost of information processing\nmust exceed the product of the temperature and the change in Shannon entropy of\nthe information-bearing degrees of freedom. However, this lower bound is\nachievable only for quasistatic, near-equilibrium computations -- that is, only\nover infinite time. In practice, information processing takes place in finite\ntime, resulting in dissipation and potentially unreliable logical outcomes. For\noverdamped Langevin dynamics, we show that counterdiabatic potentials can be\ncrafted to guide systems rapidly and accurately along desired computational\npaths, providing shortcuts that allows for the precise design of finite-time\ncomputations. Such shortcuts require additional work, beyond Landauer's bound,\nthat is irretrievably dissipated into the environment. We show that this\ndissipated work is proportional to the computation rate as well as the square\nof the information-storing system's length scale. As a paradigmatic example, we\ndesign shortcuts to erase a bit of information metastably stored in a\ndouble-well potential. Though dissipated work generally increases with erasure\nfidelity, we show that it is possible perform perfect erasure in finite time\nwith finite work. We also show that the robustness of information storage\naffects the energetic cost of erasure---specifically, the dissipated work\nscales as the information lifetime of the bistable system. Our analysis exposes\na rich and nuanced relationship between work, speed, size of the\ninformation-bearing degrees of freedom, storage robustness, and the difference\nbetween initial and final informational statistics.",
        "positive": "Scaling behavior of randomly alternating surface growth processes: The scaling properties of the roughness of surfaces grown by two different\nprocesses randomly alternating in time, are addressed. The duration of each\napplication of the two primary processes is assumed to be independently drawn\nfrom given distribution functions. We analytically address processes in which\nthe two primary processes are linear and extend the conclusions to non-linear\nprocesses as well. The growth scaling exponent of the average roughness with\nthe number of applications is found to be determined by the long time tail of\nthe distribution functions. For processes in which both mean application times\nare finite, the scaling behavior follows that of the corresponding cyclical\nprocess in which the uniform application time of each primary process is given\nby its mean. If the distribution functions decay with a small enough power law\nfor the mean application times to diverge, the growth exponent is found to\ndepend continuously on this power law exponent. In contrast, the roughness\nexponent does not depend on the timing of the applications. The analytical\nresults are supported by numerical simulations of various pairs of primary\nprocesses and with different distribution functions. Self-affine surfaces grown\nby two randomly alternating processes are common in nature (e.g., due to\nrandomly changing weather conditions) and in man-made devices such as\nrechargeable batteries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distribution of Brownian coincidences: We study the probability distribution, $P_N(T)$, of the coincidence time $T$,\ni.e. the total local time of all pairwise coincidences of $N$ independent\nBrownian walkers. We consider in details two geometries: Brownian motions all\nstarting from $0$, and Brownian bridges. Using a Feynman-Kac representation for\nthe moment generating function of this coincidence time, we map this problem\nonto some observables in three related models (i) the propagator of the Lieb\nLiniger model of quantum particles with pairwise delta function interactions\n(ii) the moments of the partition function of a directed polymer in a random\nmedium (iii) the exponential moments of the solution of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\nequation. Using these mappings, we obtain closed formulae for the probability\ndistribution of the coincidence time, its tails and some of its moments. Its\nasymptotics at large and small coincidence time are also obtained for arbitrary\nfixed endpoints. The universal large $T$ tail, $P_N(T) \\sim \\exp(- 3\nT^2/(N^3-N))$ is obtained, and is independent of the geometry. We investigate\nthe large deviations in the limit of a large number of walkers through a\nCoulomb gas approach. Some of our analytical results are compared with\nnumerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Adaptive power method for estimating large deviations in Markov chains: We study the performance of a stochastic algorithm based on the power method\nthat adaptively learns the large deviation functions characterizing the\nfluctuations of additive functionals of Markov processes, used in physics to\nmodel nonequilibrium systems. This algorithm was introduced in the context of\nrisk-sensitive control of Markov chains and was recently adapted to diffusions\nevolving continuously in time. Here we provide an in-depth study of the\nconvergence of this algorithm close to dynamical phase transitions, exploring\nthe speed of convergence as a function of the learning rate and the effect of\nincluding transfer learning. We use as a test example the mean degree of a\nrandom walk on an Erd\\\"os-R\\'enyi random graph, which shows a transition\nbetween high-degree trajectories of the random walk evolving in the bulk of the\ngraph and low-degree trajectories evolving in dangling edges of the graph. The\nresults show that the adaptive power method is efficient close to dynamical\nphase transitions, while having many advantages in terms of performance and\ncomplexity compared to other algorithms used to compute large deviation\nfunctions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviations and portfolio optimization: Risk control and optimal diversification constitute a major focus in the\nfinance and insurance industries as well as, more or less consciously, in our\neveryday life. We present a discussion of the characterization of risks and of\nthe optimization of portfolios that starts from a simple illustrative model and\nends by a general functional integral formulation. A major theme is that risk,\nusually thought one-dimensional in the conventional mean-variance approach, has\nto be addressed by the full distribution of losses. Furthermore, the\ntime-horizon of the investment is shown to play a major role. We show the\nimportance of accounting for large fluctuations and use the theory of Cram\\'er\nfor large deviations in this context. We first treat a simple model with a\nsingle risky asset that examplifies the distinction between the average return\nand the typical return, the role of large deviations in multiplicative\nprocesses, and the different optimal strategies for the investors depending on\ntheir size. We then analyze the case of assets whose price variations are\ndistributed according to exponential laws, a situation that is found to\ndescribe reasonably well daily price variations. Several portfolio optimization\nstrategies are presented that aim at controlling large risks. We end by\nextending the standard mean-variance portfolio optimization theory, first\nwithin the quasi-Gaussian approximation and then using a general formulation\nfor non-Gaussian correlated assets in terms of the formalism of functional\nintegrals developed in the field theory of critical phenomena.",
        "positive": "Geometric Mean of Concentrations and Reversal Permanent Charge in\n  Zero-Current Ionic Flows via Poisson-Nernst-Planck Models: This work examines the geometric mean of concentrations and its behavior in\nvarious situations, as well as the reversal permanent charge problem, the\ncharge sharing seen in x-ray diffraction. Observations are obtained from\nanalytical results established using geometric singular perturbation analysis\nof classical Poisson-Nernst-Planck models.\n  For ionic mixtures of multiple ion species Mofidi and Liu [{\\em SIAM J. Appl.\nMath. {\\bf 80} (2020), 1908-1935}] centered two ion species with unequal\ndiffusion constants to acquire a system for determining the reversal potential\nand reversal permanent charge. They studied the reversal potential problem and\nits dependence on diffusion coefficients, membrane potential, membrane\nconcentrations, etc. Here we use the same approach to study the dual problem of\nreversal permanent charges and its dependence on other conditions. We consider\ntwo ion species with positive and negative charges, say Ca$^+$ and Cl$^-$, to\ndetermine the specific conditions under which the permanent charge is unique.\nFurthermore, we investigate the behavior of geometric mean of concentrations\nfor various values of transmembrane potential and permanent charge."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of relaxation processes during deposition of anisotropic grains\n  on a flat substrate: The ballistic deposition on a one dimensional substrate of grains with one\ndegree of freedom, called spin, is studied with respect to relaxation processes\nduring deposition. The \"spin\" represents the grain anisotropy, e.g. its longest\naxis with respect to the vertical. The grains interact through some contact\nenergy (J) and are allowed to flip with a probability q during deposition and\nrelaxation. Different relaxation processes are investigated. The pile structure\nis investigated, i.e. the density and \"magnetisation\", as a function of q and\nJ. A percolation transition is found across which the cluster size changes from\nexponential-like to a power law-like dependence. The differences between\n\"ferromagnetic\" and \"anti-ferromagnetic\"-like contact energies are emphasized\nas a function of q.",
        "positive": "Coherent Transport in Periodically Driven Mesoscopic Conductors: From\n  Scattering Matrices to Quantum Thermodynamics: Scattering theory is a standard tool for the description of transport\nphenomena in mesoscopic systems. Here, we provide a detailed derivation of this\nmethod for nano-scale conductors that are driven by oscillating electric or\nmagnetic fields. Our approach is based on an extension of the conventional\nLippmann-Schwinger formalism to systems with a periodically time dependent\nHamiltonian. As a key result, we obtain a systematic perturbation scheme for\nthe Floquet scattering amplitudes that describe the transition of a transport\ncarrier through a periodically driven sample. Within a general multi-terminal\nsetup, we derive microscopic expressions for the mean values and\ntime-integrated correlation functions, or zero-frequency noise, of matter and\nenergy currents, thus unifying the results of earlier studies. We show that\nthis framework is inherently consistent with the first and the second law of\nthermodynamics and prove that the mean rate of entropy production vanishes only\nif all currents in the system are zero. As an application, we derive a\ngeneralized Green-Kubo relation, which makes it possible to express the\nresponse of any mean currents to small variations of temperature and chemical\npotential gradients in terms of time integrated correlation functions between\nproperly chosen currents. Finally, we discuss potential topics for future\nstudies and further reaching applications of the Floquet scattering approach to\nquantum transport in stochastic and quantum thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gibbsian Hypothesis in Turbulence: We show that Kolmogorov multipliers in turbulence cannot be statistically\nindependent of others at adjacent scales (or even a finite range apart) by\nnumerical simulation of a shell model and by theory. As the simplest\ngeneralization of independent distributions, we suppose that the steady-state\nstatistics of multipliers in the shell model are given by a\ntranslation-invariant Gibbs measure with a short-range potential, when\nexpressed in terms of suitable ``spin'' variables: real-valued spins that are\nlogarithms of multipliers and XY-spins defined by local dynamical phases.\nNumerical evidence is presented in favor of the hypothesis for the shell model,\nin particular novel scaling laws and derivative relations predicted by the\nexistence of a thermodynamic limit. The Gibbs measure appears to be in a\nhigh-temperature, unique-phase regime with ``paramagnetic'' spin order.",
        "positive": "Thermoelectric Thomson's relations revisited for a linear energy\n  converter: In this paper we revisit the thermocouple model, as a linear irreversible\nthermodynamic energy converter. As is well known, the linear model of the\nthermocuple is one of the classics in this branch. In this model we note two\ntypes of phenomenological coefficients: the first comes from some microscopic\nmodels, such as the coefficient associated with the electric conductivity, and\nthe second comes from experimental facts such as the coefficient associated\nwith the thermoelectric power. We show that in the last case, these\ncoefficients can be related to the operation modes of the converter. These\nrelationships allow us to propose a generalization of the first and second\nThomson's relations. For this purpose we develop the ideas of non-isothermal\nlinear converters, operated directly (heat engine) and indirect (refrigerator).\nIn addition to this development we analyze the energy described by these\nconverters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical Evidence for the Haldane Conjecture: The Haldane conjecture, when applied to the Heisenberg O(3) model with a\n\\theta term in two dimensions, states that the correlation length \\xi diverges\nwhen \\theta approaches \\pi. To verify this conjecture we have numerically\nsimulated the model at imaginary \\theta and then analytically continued the\nresults to real \\theta. We have obtained that the value where the model should\nbecome critical is \\theta=3.10(5) in agreement with the expectation.",
        "positive": "Semiclassical approach to states near potential barrier top: Within the framework of the instanton approach we present analytical results\nfor the following model problems: (i) particle penetration through a parabolic\npotential barrier, where the instanton solution practically coincides with the\nexact (quantum) one; (ii) descriptions of highly excited states in two types of\nanharmonic potentials: double-well $X^4$, and decay $X^3$. For the former case\nthe instanton method reproduces accurately not only single well and double-well\nquantization but as well a crossover region (in the contrast with the standard\nWKB approach which fails to describe the crossover behavior), and for the\nlatter case the instanton method allows to study resonance broadening and\ncollapse phenomena. We investigate also resonance tunneling, playing a relevant\nrole in many semiconducting devices. We show that in a broad region of energies\nthe instanton approach gives exact (quantum) results. Applications of the\nmethod and of the results may concern the various systems in physics, chemistry\nand biology exhibiting double level behavior and resonance tunneling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Green-Kubo formula for a dissipative quantum system: A generalized Green-Kubo formula is derived for a quantum dissipative system\nof driven Brownian particle, in which the coupling between the system and the\nenvironment is linear. The structure is essentially the same as that for the\ngeneralized Green-Kubo formula for driven granular particles. It is\ndemonstrated that the correction to the conventional Green-Kubo formula is zero\nfor a free Brownian particle.",
        "positive": "Avalanches in the Raise and Peel model in the presence of a wall: We investigate a non-equilibrium one-dimensional model known as the raise and\npeel model describing a growing surface which grows locally and has non-local\ndesorption. For specific values of adsorption ($u_a$) and desorption($u_d$)\nrates the model shows interesting features. At $u_a = u_d$, the model is\ndescribed by a conformal field theory (with conformal charge $c=0$) and its\nstationary probability canbe mapped to the ground state of the XXZ quantum\nchain. Moreover, for $u_a \\geq u_d$, the model shows a phase in which the the\navalanche distribution is scale invariant. In this work we study the surface\ndynamics by looking at avalanche distributions using Finite-size Scaling\nformalism and explore the effect of adding a wall to the model. The model shows\nthe same universality for the cases with and without a wall for an odd number\nof tiles removed, but we find a new exponent in the presence of a wall for an\neven number of avalanches released. We provide new conjecture for the\nprobability distribution of avalanches with a wall obtained by using exact\ndiagonalization of small lattices and Monte-Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean cover time of one-dimensional persistent random walks: The cover time is defined as the time needed for a random walker to visit\nevery site of a confined domain. Here, we focus on persistent random walks,\nwhich provide a minimal model of random walks with short range memory. We\nderive the exact expression of the mean cover time of a one-dimensional lattice\nby such a persistent random walk, both for periodic and reflecting boundary\nconditions.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation Theorem for Many-Body Pure Quantum States: We prove the second law of thermodynamics and the nonequilibirum fluctuation\ntheorem for pure quantum states.The entire system obeys reversible unitary\ndynamics, where the initial state of the heat bath is not the canonical\ndistribution but is a single energy-eigenstate that satisfies the\neigenstate-thermalization hypothesis (ETH). Our result is mathematically\nrigorous and based on the Lieb-Robinson bound, which gives the upper bound of\nthe velocity of information propagation in many-body quantum systems. The\nentanglement entropy of a subsystem is shown connected to thermodynamic heat,\nhighlighting the foundation of the information-thermodynamics link. We\nconfirmed our theory by numerical simulation of hard-core bosons, and observed\ndynamical crossover from thermal fluctuations to bare quantum fluctuations. Our\nresult reveals a universal scenario that the second law emerges from quantum\nmechanics, and can experimentally be tested by artificial isolated quantum\nsystems such as ultracold atoms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling of Cluster and Backbone Mass Between Two Lines in 3d Percolation: We consider the cluster and backbone mass distributions between two lines of\narbitrary orientations and lengths in porous media in three dimensions, and\nmodel the porous media by bond percolation at the percolation threshold $p_c$.\nWe observe that for many geometrical configurations the mass probability\ndistribution presents power law behavior. We determine how the characteristic\nmass of the distribution scales with such geometrical parameters as the line\nlength, w, the minimal distance between lines, r, and the angle between the\nlines, $\\theta$. The fractal dimensions of both the cluster and backbone mass\nare independent of w, r, and $\\theta$. The slope of the power law regime of the\ncluster mass is unaffected by changes in these three variables. However, the\nslope of the power law regime of the backbone mass distribution is dependent\nupon $\\theta$. The characteristic mass of the cluster also depends upon\n$\\theta$, but the characteristic backbone mass is only weakly affected by\n$\\theta$. We propose new scaling functions that reproduce the $\\theta$\ndependence of the characteristic mass found in the simulations.",
        "positive": "Critical temperature determination on a square-well fluid using an\n  adaptation of the Microcanonical-ensemble computer simulation method: In this work a novel method to evaluate the liquid-vapor critical temperature\nusing a generalization of the Microcanonical-ensemble computer simulation\nmethod (MCE) is presented. The isotherms of the chemical potential versus\ndensities are obtained for a square-well (SW) fluid with interaction range\n$\\lambda/\\sigma = 1.5$: From these curves it can be extracted the critical\ntemperature for different system sizes observing the change of the slope from\nthe chemical potential's curve in the critical region as function of the\ntemperature. Working with different systems sizes and Finite Size Scaling (FSS)\nTheory the critical temperature $T_c=1.2180(29)$ and the critical exponent\n$\\nu=0.65(3)$ are obtained, without previous knowledge of $T_c$ or $\\nu$. These\nresults are in good agreement with the reported values for this system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum World-line Monte Carlo Method with Non-binary Loops and Its\n  Application: A quantum world-line Monte Carlo method for high-symmetrical quantum models\nis proposed. Firstly, based on a representation of a partition function using\nthe Matsubara formula, the principle of quantum world-line Monte Carlo methods\nis briefly outlined and a new algorithm using non-binary loops is given for\nquantum models with high symmetry as SU(N). The algorithm is called non-binary\nloop algorithm because of non-binary loop updatings. Secondary, one example of\nour numerical studies using the non-binary loop updating is shown. It is the\nproblem of the ground state of two-dimensional SU(N) anti-ferromagnets. Our\nnumerical study confirms that the ground state in the small N <= 4 case is a\nmagnetic ordered Neel state, but the one in the large N >= 5 case has no\nmagnetic order, and it becomes a dimer state.",
        "positive": "Elastic wave propagation in confined granular systems: We present numerical simulations of acoustic wave propagation in confined\ngranular systems consisting of particles interacting with the three-dimensional\nHertz-Mindlin force law. The response to a short mechanical excitation on one\nside of the system is found to be a propagating coherent wavefront followed by\nrandom oscillations made of multiply scattered waves. We find that the coherent\nwavefront is insensitive to details of the packing: force chains do not play an\nimportant role in determining this wavefront. The coherent wave propagates\nlinearly in time, and its amplitude and width depend as a power law on\ndistance, while its velocity is roughly compatible with the predictions of\nmacroscopic elasticity. As there is at present no theory for the broadening and\ndecay of the coherent wave, we numerically and analytically study\npulse-propagation in a one-dimensional chain of identical elastic balls. The\nresults for the broadening and decay exponents of this system differ\nsignificantly from those of the random packings. In all our simulations, the\nspeed of the coherent wavefront scales with pressure as $p^{1/6}$; we compare\nthis result with experimental data on various granular systems where deviations\nfrom the $p^{1/6}$ behavior are seen. We briefly discuss the eigenmodes of the\nsystem and effects of damping are investigated as well."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal entanglement properties of N-qubit quantum Heisenberg chain in a\n  two-component magnetic field: We elucidate the finite temperature entanglement properties of $N=9$ qubits\nHeisenberg $XX$ and $XXZ$ models under the presence of a polarized magnetic\nfield in $xz$ plane by means of concurrence concept. We perform a systematic\nanalysis for a wide range of the system parameters. Our results suggest that\nthe global phase regions which separate the entangled and non-entangled regions\nsensitively depend upon the spin-spin interaction term of the $z-$ component of\ntwo neighboring spins $J_{z}/J_{x}$, temperature as well as polarized magnetic\nfield components. Thereby, we think that polarized magnetic field can be used a\ncontrol parameter to determine the amount of thermal entanglement between pair\nof qubits for different temperatures and spin-spin interaction terms. Moreover,\nit has been found that the nearest-neighbor pair of qubits does not point out a\nre-entrant type entanglement character when one only deals with the\nnearest-neighbor pair of qubits. However, as one considers next-nearest\nneighbor pair of qubits, it is possible to see the evidences of re-entrant type\nentanglement behaviors.",
        "positive": "Topological Phases: An Expedition off Lattice: Motivated by the goal to give the simplest possible microscopic foundation\nfor a broad class of topological phases, we study quantum mechanical lattice\nmodels where the topology of the lattice is one of the dynamical variables.\nHowever, a fluctuating geometry can remove the separation between the system\nsize and the range of local interactions, which is important for topological\nprotection and ultimately the stability of a topological phase. In particular,\nit can open the door to a pathology, which has been studied in the context of\nquantum gravity and goes by the name of `baby universe', Here we discuss three\ndistinct approaches to suppressing these pathological fluctuations. We\ncomplement this discussion by applying Cheeger's theory relating the geometry\nof manifolds to their vibrational modes to study the spectra of Hamiltonians.\nIn particular, we present a detailed study of the statistical properties of\nloop gas and string net models on fluctuating lattices, both analytically and\nnumerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work fluctuations and Jarzynski equality in stochastic resetting: We consider the paradigm of an overdamped Brownian particle in a potential\nwell, which is modulated through an external protocol, in the presence of\nstochastic resetting. Thus, in addition to the short range diffusive motion,\nthe particle also experiences intermittent long jumps which reset the particle\nback at a preferred location. Due to the modulation of the trap, work is done\non the system and we investigate the statistical properties of the work\nfluctuations. We find that the distribution function of the work typically, in\nasymptotic times, converges to a universal Gaussian form for any protocol as\nlong as that is also renewed after each resetting event. When observed for a\nfinite time, we show that the system does not generically obey the Jarzynski\nequality which connects the finite time work fluctuations to the difference in\nfree energy, albeit a restricted set of protocols which we identify herein. In\nstark contrast, the Jarzynski equality is always fulfilled when the protocols\ncontinue to evolve without being reset. We present a set of exactly solvable\nmodels, demonstrate the validation of our theory and carry out numerical\nsimulations to illustrate these findings. Finally, we have pointed out possible\nrealistic implementations for resetting in experiments using the so-called\nengineered swift equilibration.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium fluctuations for linear diffusion dynamics: We present the theoretical study on non-equilibrium (NEQ) fluctuations for\ndiffusion dynamics in high dimensions driven by a linear drift force. We\nconsider a general situation in which NEQ is caused by two conditions: (i)\ndrift force not derivable from a potential function and (ii) diffusion matrix\nnot proportional to the unit matrix, implying non-identical and correlated\nmulti-dimensional noise. The former is a well-known NEQ source and the latter\ncan be realized in the presence of multiple heat reservoirs or multiple noise\nsources. We develop a statistical mechanical theory based on generalized\nthermodynamic quantities such as energy, work, and heat. The NEQ fluctuation\ntheorems are reproduced successfully. We also find the time-dependent\nprobability distribution function exactly as well as the NEQ work production\ndistribution $P({\\mathcal W})$ in terms of solutions of nonlinear differential\nequations. In addition, we compute low-order cumulants of the NEQ work\nproduction explicitly. In two dimensions, we carry out numerical simulations to\ncheck out our analytic results and also to get $P({\\mathcal W})$. We find an\ninteresting dynamic phase transition in the exponential tail shape of\n$P({\\mathcal W})$, associated with a singularity found in solutions of the\nnonlinear differential equation. Finally, we discuss possible realizations in\nexperiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extended Curie-Weiss law: a nonextensive perspective: In the framework of the Tsallis nonextensive statistical mechanics we study\nan assembly of N spins, first in a background magnetic field, and then assuming\nthem to interact via a long-range homogeneous mean field. To take into account\nthe spin fluctuations the dynamical field coefficient is considered to be\nlinearly dependent on the temperature. The physical quantities are evaluated\nusing a perturbative expansion in the nonextensivity parameter (1-q). The\nextended Curie-Weiss law in the mean field case has been generalized. The\ncritical temperature and the Curie- Weiss constant are found to be dependent on\nthe nonextensivity parameter (1-q).",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics guides the motions of cm scale objects: Calculations and mechanistic explanations for the probabilistic movement of\nobjects at the highly relevant cm length scales has been lacking and overlooked\ndue to the complexity of current techniques. Predicting the final-configuration\nprobability of flipping cars for example remains extremely challenging. In this\npaper we introduce new statistical methodologies to solve these challenging\nmacroscopic problems. Boltzmann's principles in statistical mechanics have been\nwell recognized for a century for their usefulness in explaining thermodynamic\nproperties of matter in gas, liquid and solid phases. Studied systems usually\ninvolve a large number of particles at the atomic scales. However, it is\nunusual for Boltzmann's principles to be applied to individual objects at\ncentimeter to human-size length scales. We show that the concept of statistical\nmechanics still holds for describing the probability of a tossed dice landing\non a particular face. For regular dice, the one in six probability that the\ndice land on each face is well known. In the case of orthorhombic dice, this\nsymmetry is broken and hence we need new tools to predict the probability of\nlanding on each face. We propose a new method based on Boltzmann's principles\nwhich uses synthetic temperature term. Surprisingly, this approach requires\nonly the dimensions of the thrown object for calculating potential energy as\nthe input, with no other fitting parameters needed. The statistical predictions\nfor landing fit well to experimental data of over fifty-thousand samplings of\ndice in 23 different dimensions. We believe that the ability to predict, in a\nsimple and tractable manner, the outcomes of macroscopic movement of large\nscale probabilistic phenomena opens up a new line of approach for explaining\nmany phenomena in the critical centimeter length scale."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of ground states for classical Heisenberg spin systems VI: We formulate part VI of a rigorous theory of ground states for classical,\nfinite, Heisenberg spin systems. After recapitulating the central results of\nthe parts I - V previously published we consider a magnetic field and\nanalytically calculate the susceptibility at the saturation point. To this end\nwe have to distinguish between parabolic and non-parabolic systems, and for the\nlatter ones between two- and three-dimensional ground states. These results are\nchecked for a couple of examples.",
        "positive": "Jarzynski equality in $\\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quantum mechanics: We show that the quantum Jarzynski equality generalizes to\n$\\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quantum mechanics with unbroken\n$\\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry. In the regime of broken $\\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry the\nJarzynski equality does not hold as also the $\\mathcal{CPT}$-norm is not\npreserved during the dynamics. These findings are illustrated for an\nexperimentally relevant system -- two coupled optical waveguides. It turns out\nthat for these systems the phase transition between the regimes of unbroken and\nbroken $\\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry is thermodynamically inhibited as the\nirreversible work diverges at the critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How fundamental is the character of thermal uncertainty relations?: We show that thermodynamic uncertainties do not preserve their form if the\nunderlying probability distribution is transformed into an escort one.\nHeisenberg's relations, on the other hand, are not affected by such\ntransformation. We conclude therefore that the former uncertainty cannot be as\nfundamental as the quantum one.",
        "positive": "Loop Model with Generalized Fugacity in Three Dimensions: A statistical model of loops on the three-dimensional lattice is proposed and\nis investigated. It is O(n)-type but has loop fugacity that depends on global\nthree-dimensional shapes of loops in a particular fashion. It is shown that,\ndespite this non-locality and the dimensionality, a layer-to-layer transfer\nmatrix can be constructed as a product of local vertex weights for infinitely\nmany points in the parameter space. Using this transfer matrix, the site\nentropy is estimated numerically in the fully packed limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of the interplay between initial state and Hamiltonian on the\n  thermalization of isolated quantum many-body systems: We explore the role of the initial state on the onset of thermalization in\nisolated quantum many-body systems after a quench. The initial state is an\neigenstate of an initial Hamiltonian $\\hat{H}_I$ and it evolves according to a\ndifferent final Hamiltonian $\\hat{H}_F$. If the initial state has a chaotic\nstructure with respect to $\\hat{H}_F$, i.e., if it fills the energy shell\nergodically, thermalization is certain to occur. This happens when $\\hat{H}_I$\nis a full random matrix, because its states projected onto $\\hat{H}_F$ are\nfully delocalized. The results for the observables then agree with those\nobtained with thermal states at infinite temperature. However, finite real\nsystems with few-body interactions, as the ones considered here, are deprived\nof fully extended eigenstates, even when described by a nonintegrable\nHamiltonian. We examine how the initial state delocalizes as it gets closer to\nthe middle of the spectrum of $\\hat{H}_F$, causing the observables to approach\nthermal averages, be the models integrable or chaotic. Our numerical studies\nare based on initial states with energies that cover the entire lower half of\nthe spectrum of one-dimensional Heisenberg spin-1/2 systems.",
        "positive": "Comparative study of Higgs transition in one-component and two-component\n  lattice superconductor models: Using Monte Carlo simulations, we study a Higgs transition in several\nthree-dimensional lattice realizations of the noncompact CP$^1$ model\n(NCCP$^1$), a gauge theory with two complex matter fields with SU(2)\ninvariance. By comparing with a one-component theory, which is well understood\nand has continuous transition in the inverted XY universality class, we argue\nthat the two-component case also has continuous Higgs transition with a larger\ncorrelation length exponent (i.e., it is ``more continuous''). The transition\ncan become first order in the vicinity of a new ``Molecular'' phase, which\noccurs in one of our models, but is continuous in a wide range of parameters\naway from this phase. The situation is significantly clarified by studying a\nmodel where the Molecular phase is entirely absent, and a wide regime with a\ncontinuous transition can be readily established. The two-component theory is\nalso an effective description of the hedgehog-suppressed O(3) universality, and\nresults are relevant for the recently discussed ``deconfined quantum\ncriticality'' scenario for the continuous Valence Bond Solid to Neel quantum\nphase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium inhomogeneous steady state distribution in disordered,\n  mean-field rotator systems: We present a novel method to compute the phase space distribution in the\nnonequilibrium stationary state of a wide class of mean-field systems involving\nrotators subject to quenched disordered external drive and dissipation. The\nmethod involves a series expansion of the stationary distribution in inverse of\nthe damping coefficient; the expansion coefficients satisfy recursion relations\nwhose solution requires computing a sparse matrix, making numerical evaluation\nsimple and efficient. We illustrate our method for the paradigmatic Kuramoto\nmodel of spontaneous collective synchronization and for its two mode\ngeneralization, in presence of noise and inertia, and demonstrate an excellent\nagreement between simulations and theory for the phase space distribution.",
        "positive": "Resonant steps and spatiotemporal dynamics in the damped dc-driven\n  Frenkel-Kontorova chain: Kink dynamics of the damped Frenkel-Kontorova (discrete sine-Gordon) chain\ndriven by a constant external force are investigated. Resonant steplike\ntransitions of the average velocity occur due to the competitions between the\nmoving kinks and their radiated phasonlike modes. A mean-field consideration is\nintroduced to give a precise prediction of the resonant steps. Slip-stick\nmotion and spatiotemporal dynamics on those resonant steps are discussed. Our\nresults can be applied to studies of the fluxon dynamics of 1D\nJosephson-junction arrays and ladders, dislocations, tribology and other\nfields."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transverse instability and universal decay of spin spiral order in the\n  Heisenberg model: We analyze the stability of spin spiral states in the two-dimensional\nHeisenberg model. Our analysis reveals that the SU(2) symmetric point hosts a\ndynamic instability that is enabled by the existence of energetically favorable\ntransverse deformations---both in real and spin space---of the spiral order.\nThe instability is universal in the sense that it applies to systems with any\nspin number, spiral wavevector, and spiral amplitude. Unlike the Landau or\nmodulational instabilities which require impurities or periodic potential\nmodulation of an optical lattice, quantum fluctuations alone are sufficient to\ntrigger the transverse instability. We analytically find the most unstable mode\nand its growth rate, and compare our analysis with phase space methods. By\nadding an easy plane exchange coupling that reduces the Hamiltonian symmetry\nfrom SU(2) to U(1), the stability boundary is shown to continuously interpolate\nbetween the modulational instability and the transverse instability. This\nsuggests that the transverse instability is an important mechanism that hinders\nthe formation of a spin superfluid, even in the presence of strong exchange\nanisotropy.",
        "positive": "Dissipative collapse of the adiabatic piston: An adiabatic piston, separating two granular gases prepared in the same\nmacroscopic state, is found to eventually collapse to one of the sides. This\nnew instability is explained by a simple macroscopic theory which is\nfurthermore in qualitative agreement with hard disk molecular dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Formation of helical states in wormlike polymer chains: We propose a potential for wormlike polymer chains which can be used to model\nthe low-temperature conformational structures. We successfully reproduced helix\nground states up to 6.5 helical loops, using the multicanonical Monte Carlo\nsimulation method. We demonstrate that the coil-helix transition involves four\ndistinct phases: coil(gaslike), collapsed globular(liquidlike), and two helical\nphases I and II (both solidlike). The helix I phase is characterized by a\nhelical structure with dangling loose ends, and the helix II phase corresponds\nto a near perfect helix ordering in the entire crystallized chain.",
        "positive": "Face-to-diagonal reduction of Kramers-Wannier approximation for cubic\n  lattice particle systems with nearest neighbour exclusion: The paper is concerned with interacting particle systems on the simple cubic\nlattice obeying the nearest neighbour exclusion (NNE). This constraint forbids\nany two neighbouring sites of the lattice to be simultaneously occupied, thus\nreducing the set of admissible configurations for the cubic cell and its\nsubclusters such as edges and faces. This reduction extends applicability of\nKikuchi's Cluster Variation Method (CVM) with higher-order clusters to systems\nwith complex site configurations and short-range ordering, which would be\nimpractical beyond the NNE framework because of the \"curse of dimensionality\".\nFor edges of the cubic cell, which are the operational clusters of the\nBethe-Peierls entropy approximation in the CVM hierarchy, the edge-to-site\nreduction of the entropy cumulants was studied previously. In extending the\nearlier results, we develop a face-to-diagonal reduction of the Kramers-Wannier\nentropy approximation of the CVM in the NNE setting. We also outline an\napplication of the resulting approximation to thermodynamic modeling of\ndisordered condensed media, such as liquid silicates, and discuss combinatorial\nand numerical aspects of the implementation of this approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rate and state friction law as derived from atomistic processes at\n  asperities: A theoretical account is given of the microscopic basis of the rate- and\nstate-dependent friction (RSF) law. The RSF law describes rock friction\nquantitatively and therefore it is commonly used to model earthquakes and the\nrelated phenomena. But the RSF law is rather empirical and the theoretical\nbasis has not been very clear. Here we derive the RSF law starting from\nconstitutive laws for asperities, and give the atomistic expressions for the\nempirical RSF parameters. In particular, we show that both the length constant\nand the state variable are given as the 0th weighted power means of the\ncorresponding microscopic quantities: a linear dimension and the contact\nduration of each asperity. As a result, evolution laws for the state variable\ncan be derived systematically. We demonstrate that the aging and the slip laws\ncan be derived and clarify the approximations behind these two major evolution\nlaws. Additionally, the scaling properties of the length constant are clarified\nfor fractal distribution of asperities.",
        "positive": "Finite temperature entanglement negativity in conformal field theory: We consider the logarithmic negativity of a finite interval embedded in an\ninfinite one dimensional system at finite temperature. We focus on conformal\ninvariant systems and we show that the naive approach based on the calculation\nof a two-point function of twist fields in a cylindrical geometry yields a\nwrong result. The correct result is obtained through a four-point function of\ntwist fields in which two auxiliary fields are inserted far away from the\ninterval, and they are sent to infinity only after having taken the replica\nlimit. In this way, we find a universal scaling form for the finite temperature\nnegativity which depends on the full operator content of the theory and not\nonly on the central charge. In the limit of low and high temperatures, the\nexpansion of this universal form can be obtained by means of the operator\nproduct expansion. We check our results against exact numerical computations\nfor the critical harmonic chain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Neural Network Renormalization Group: We present a variational renormalization group (RG) approach using a deep\ngenerative model based on normalizing flows. The model performs hierarchical\nchange-of-variables transformations from the physical space to a latent space\nwith reduced mutual information. Conversely, the neural net directly maps\nindependent Gaussian noises to physical configurations following the inverse RG\nflow. The model has an exact and tractable likelihood, which allows unbiased\ntraining and direct access to the renormalized energy function of the latent\nvariables. To train the model, we employ probability density distillation for\nthe bare energy function of the physical problem, in which the training loss\nprovides a variational upper bound of the physical free energy. We demonstrate\npractical usage of the approach by identifying mutually independent collective\nvariables of the Ising model and performing accelerated hybrid Monte Carlo\nsampling in the latent space. Lastly, we comment on the connection of the\npresent approach to the wavelet formulation of RG and the modern pursuit of\ninformation preserving RG.",
        "positive": "Finite temperature properties of clusters by replica exchange\n  metadynamics: the water nonamer: We introduce an approach for the accurate calculation of thermal properties\nof classical nanoclusters. Based on a recently developed enhanced sampling\ntechnique, replica exchange metadynamics, the method yields the true free\nenergy of each relevant cluster structure, directly sampling its basin and\nmeasuring its occupancy in full equilibrium. All entropy sources, whether\nvibrational, rotational anharmonic and especially configurational -- the latter\noften forgotten in many cluster studies -- are automatically included. For the\npresent demonstration we choose the water nonamer (H2O)9, an extremely simple\ncluster which nonetheless displays a sufficient complexity and interesting\nphysics in its relevant structure spectrum. Within a standard TIP4P potential\ndescription of water, we find that the nonamer second relevant structure\npossesses a higher configurational entropy than the first, so that the two free\nenergies surprisingly cross for increasing temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological stripelike coreless textures with inner incommensurability\n  in two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet: For two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet we present an analysis of\ntopological coreless excitations having a stripe form. These textures are\ncharacterized by singularities at boundaries. A detailed classification of the\nstripe textures results in a certain analogy with the coreless excitations in\n$^3He-A$ phase: Mermin-Ho and Anderson-Toulouse coreless vortices. The\nexcitations of the last type may have a low bulk energy. The stripe textures\nmay be observed as an occurrence of short-range incommensurate order in the\nantiferromagnetic environment.",
        "positive": "Force-detected nuclear double resonance between statistical spin\n  polarizations: We demonstrate nuclear double resonance for nanometer-scale volumes of spins\nwhere random fluctuations rather than Boltzmann polarization dominate. When the\nHartmann-Hahn condition is met in a cross-polarization experiment, flip-flops\noccur between two species of spins and their fluctuations become coupled. We\nuse magnetic resonance force microscopy to measure this effect between 1H and\n13C spins in 13C-enriched stearic acid. The development of a cross-polarization\ntechnique for statistical ensembles adds an important tool for generating\nchemical contrast in nanometer-scale magnetic resonance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field-induced Ordering in Critical Antiferromagnets: Transfer-matrix scaling methods have been used to study critical properties\nof field-induced phase transitions of two distinct two-dimensional\nantiferromagnets with discrete-symmetry order parameters: triangular-lattice\nIsing systems (TIAF) and the square-lattice three-state Potts model (SPAF-3).\nOur main findings are summarised as follows. For TIAF, we have shown that the\ncritical line leaves the zero-temperature, zero -field fixed point at a finite\nangle. Our best estimate of the slope at the origin is $(dT_c/dH)_{T=H=0} =\n4.74 \\pm 0.15$. For SPAF-3 we provided evidence that the zero-field correlation\nlength diverges as $\\xi(T \\to 0, H=0) \\simeq \\exp (a/T^{x})$, with $x=1.08 \\pm\n0.13$, through analysis of the critical curve at $H \\neq 0$ plus crossover\narguments. For SPAF-3 we have also ascertained that the conformal anomaly and\ndecay-of-correlations exponent behave as: (a) H=0: $c=1, \\eta=1/3$; (b) $H \\neq\n0: c=1/2, \\eta=1/4$.",
        "positive": "Exploring the benefits of DNA-target search with antenna: The most common gene regulation mechanism is when a protein binds to a\nregulatory sequence to change RNA transcription. However, these sequences are\nshort relative to the genome length, so finding them poses a challenging search\nproblem. This paper presents two mathematical frameworks capturing different\naspects of this problem. First, we study the interplay between diffusional flux\nthrough a target where the searching proteins get sequestered on DNA far from\nthe target because of non-specific interactions. From this model, we derive a\nsimple formula for the optimal protein-DNA unbinding rate, maximizing the\nparticle flux. Second, we study how the flux flows through a target on a single\nantenna with variable length. Here, we identify a non-trivial logarithmic\ncorrection to the linear behavior relative to the target size proposed by\nSmoluchowski's flux formula."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Series Expansion Calculation of Persistence Exponents: We consider an arbitrary Gaussian Stationary Process X(T) with known\ncorrelator C(T), sampled at discrete times T_n = n \\Delta T. The probability\nthat (n+1) consecutive values of X have the same sign decays as P_n \\sim\n\\exp(-\\theta_D T_n). We calculate the discrete persistence exponent \\theta_D as\na series expansion in the correlator C(\\Delta T) up to 14th order, and\nextrapolate to \\Delta T = 0 using constrained Pad\\'e approximants to obtain the\ncontinuum persistence exponent \\theta. For the diffusion equation our results\nare in exceptionally good agreement with recent numerical estimates.",
        "positive": "Anomalous beating phase of the oscillating interlayer magnetoresistance\n  in layered metals: We analyze the beating behavior of the magnetic quantum oscillations in a\nlayered metal under the conditions when the cyclotron energy $\\hbar \\omega_c $\nis comparable to the interlayer transfer energy $t$. We find that the positions\nof the beats in the interlayer resistance are considerably shifted from those\nin the magnetization oscillations, and predict that the shift is determined by\nthe ratio $\\hbar \\omega_c/t$. A comparative study of the Shubnikov-de Haas and\nde Haas-van Alphen effects in the quasi-two-dimensional organic metal $\\beta\n$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$IBr$_2$ appears to be consistent with the theoretical\nprediction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact stationary state of a run-and-tumble particle with three internal\n  states in a harmonic trap: We study the motion of a one-dimensional run-and-tumble particle with three\ndiscrete internal states in the presence of a harmonic trap of stiffness $\\mu.$\nThe three internal states, corresponding to positive, negative and zero\nvelocities respectively, evolve following a jump process with rate $\\gamma$. We\ncompute the stationary position distribution exactly for arbitrary values of\n$\\mu$ and $\\gamma$ which turns out to have a finite support on the real line.\nWe show that the distribution undergoes a shape-transition as\n$\\beta=\\gamma/\\mu$ is changed. For $\\beta<1,$ the distribution has a\ndouble-concave shape and shows algebraic divergences with an exponent\n$(\\beta-1)$ both at the origin and at the boundaries. For $\\beta>1,$ the\nposition distribution becomes convex, vanishing at the boundaries and with a\nsingle, finite, peak at the origin. We also show that for the special case\n$\\beta=1,$ the distribution shows a logarithmic divergence near the origin\nwhile saturating to a constant value at the boundaries.",
        "positive": "The hard-disk fluid revisited: The hard-disk model plays a role of touchstone for testing and developing the\ntransport theory. By large scale molecular dynamics simulations of this model,\nthree important autocorrelation functions, and as a result the corresponding\ntransport coefficients, i.e., the diffusion constant, the thermal conductivity\nand the shear viscosity, are found to deviate significantly from the\npredictions of the conventional transport theory beyond the dilute limit. To\nimprove the theory, we consider both the kinetic process and the hydrodynamic\nprocess in the whole time range, rather than each process in a seperated time\nscale as the conventional transport theory does. With this consideration, a\nunified and coherent expression free of any fitting parameters is derived\nsuccesfully in the case of the velocity autocorrelation function, and its\nsuperiority to the conventional `piecewise' formula is shown. This expression\napplies to the whole time range and up to moderate densities, and thus bridges\nthe kinetics and hydrodynamics approaches in a self-consistent manner."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ab initio statistical mechanics of surface adsorption and desorption: I.\n  H$_2$O on MgO (001) at low coverage: We present a general computational scheme based on molecular dynamics (m.d.)\nsimulation for calculating the chemical potential of adsorbed molecules in\nthermal equilibrium on the surface of a material. The scheme is based on the\ncalculation of the mean force in m.d. simulations in which the height of a\nchosen molecule above the surface is constrained, and subsequent integration of\nthe mean force to obtain the potential of mean force and hence the chemical\npotential. The scheme is valid at any coverage and temperature, so that in\nprinciple it allows the calculation of the chemical potential as a function of\ncoverage and temperature. It avoids all statistical mechanical approximations,\nexcept for the use of classical statistical mechanics for the nuclei, and\nassumes nothing in advance about the adsorption sites. From the chemical\npotential, the absolute desorption rate of the molecules can be computed,\nprovided the equilibration rate on the surface is faster than the desorption\nrate. We apply the theory by {\\em ab initio} m.d. simulation to the case of\nH$_2$O on MgO (001) in the low-coverage limit, using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof\n(PBE) form of exchange-correlation. The calculations yield an {\\em ab initio}\nvalue of the Polanyi-Wigner frequency prefactor, which is more than two orders\nof magnitude greater than the value of $10^{13}$ s$^{-1}$ often assumed in the\npast. Provisional comparison with experiment suggests that the PBE adsorption\nenergy may be too low, but the extension of the calculations to higher\ncoverages is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn. The possibility of\nincluding quantum nuclear effects by using path-integral simulations is noted.",
        "positive": "Riemann surfaces for integer counting processes: Integer counting processes increment of an integer value at transitions\nbetween states of an underlying Markov process. The generator of a counting\nprocess, which depends on a parameter conjugate to the increments, defines a\ncomplex algebraic curve through its characteristic equation, and thus a compact\nRiemann surface. We show that the probability of a counting process can then be\nwritten as a contour integral on that Riemann surface. Several examples are\ndiscussed in details."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Is glass a state of matter?: Glass is everywhere. We use and are surrounded by glass objects which make\ntangible the reality of glass as a distinct state of matter. Yet, glass as we\nknow it is usually obtained by cooling a liquid sufficiently rapidly below its\nmelting point to avoid crystallisation. The viscosity of this supercooled\nliquid increases by many orders of magnitude upon cooling, until the liquid\nbecomes essentially arrested on experimental timescales below the ``glass\ntransition'' temperature. From a structural viewpoint, the obtained glass still\nvery much resembles the disordered liquid, but from a mechanical viewpoint, it\nis as rigid as an ordered crystal. Does glass qualify as a separate state of\nmatter? We provide a pedagogical perspective on this question using basic\nstatistical mechanical concepts. We recall the definitions of states of matter\nand of phase transitions between them. We review recent theoretical results\nsuggesting why and how an ``ideal glass'' can indeed be defined as a separate\nequilibrium state of matter. We discuss recent success of computer simulations\ntrying to analyse this glass state. We close with some experimental\nperspectives.",
        "positive": "Stochastic resetting in a networked multiparticle system with correlated\n  transitions: The state of many physical, biological and socio-technical systems evolves by\ncombining smooth local transitions and abrupt resetting events to a set of\nreference values. The inclusion of the resetting mechanism not only provides\nthe possibility of modeling a wide variety of realistic systems but also leads\nto interesting novel phenomenology not present in reset-free cases. However,\nmost models where stochastic resetting is studied address the case of a finite\nnumber of uncorrelated variables, commonly a single one, such as the position\nof non-interacting random walkers. Here we overcome this limitation by framing\nthe process of network growth with node deletion as a stochastic resetting\nproblem where an arbitrarily large number of degrees of freedom are coupled and\ninfluence each other, both in the resetting and non-resetting (growth) events.\nWe find the exact, full-time solution of the model, and several\nout-of-equilibrium properties are characterized as function of the growth and\nresetting rates, such as the emergence of a time-dependent percolation-like\nphase transition, and first-passage statistics. Coupled multiparticle systems\nsubjected to resetting are a necessary generalization in the theory of\nstochastic resetting, and the model presented herein serves as an illustrative,\nnatural and solvable example of such a generalization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Levy flights in steep potential wells: Langevin modeling versus direct\n  response to energy landscapes: We investigate the non-Langevin relative of the L\\'{e}vy-driven Langevin\nrandom system, under an assumption that both systems share a common\n(asymptotic, stationary, steady-state) target pdf. The relaxation to\nequilibrium in the fractional Langevin-Fokker-Planck scenario results from an\nimpact of confining conservative force fields on the random motion. A\nnon-Langevin alternative has a built-in direct response of jump intensities to\nenergy (potential) landscapes in which the process takes place. We revisit the\nproblem of L\\'{e}vy flights in superharmonic potential wells, with a focus on\nthe extremally steep well regime, and address the issue of its (spectral)\n\"closeness\" to the L\\'{e}vy jump-type process confined in a finite enclosure\nwith impenetrable (in particular reflecting) boundaries. The pertinent random\nsystem \"in a box/interval\" is expected to have a fractional Laplacian with\nsuitable boundary conditions as a legitimate motion generator. The problem is,\nthat in contrast to amply studied Dirichlet boundary problems, a concept of\nreflecting boundary conditions and the path-wise implementation of the\npertinent random process in the vicinity of (or sharply at) reflecting\nboundaries are not unequivocally settled for L\\'{e}vy processes. This ambiguity\nextends to fractional motion generators, for which nonlocal analogs of Neumann\nconditions are not associated with path-wise reflection scenarios at the\nboundary, respecting the impenetrability assumption.",
        "positive": "Rare events and breakdown of simple scaling in the Abelian sandpile: Due to intermittency and conservation, the Abelian sandpile in 2D obeys\nmultifractal, rather than finite size scaling. In the thermodynamic limit, a\nvanishingly small fraction of large avalanches dominates the statistics and a\nconstant gap scaling is recovered in higher moments of the toppling\ndistribution. Thus, rare events shape most of the scaling pattern and preserve\na meaning for effective exponents, which can be determined on the basis of\nnumerical and exact results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical phenomena on scale-free networks: logarithmic corrections and\n  scaling functions: In this paper, we address the logarithmic corrections to the leading power\nlaws that govern thermodynamic quantities as a second-order phase transition\npoint is approached. For phase transitions of spin systems on d-dimensional\nlattices, such corrections appear at some marginal values of the order\nparameter or space dimension. We present new scaling relations for these\nexponents. We also consider a spin system on a scale-free network which\nexhibits logarithmic corrections due to the specific network properties. To\nthis end, we analyze the phase behavior of a model with coupled order\nparameters on a scale-free network and extract leading and logarithmic\ncorrection-to-scaling exponents that determine its field- and temperature\nbehavior. Although both non-trivial sets of exponents emerge from the\ncorrelations in the network structure rather than from the spin fluctuations\nthey fulfil the respective thermodynamic scaling relations. For the scale-free\nnetworks the logarithmic corrections appear at marginal values of the node\ndegree distribution exponent. In addition we calculate scaling functions, which\nalso exhibit nontrivial dependence on intrinsic network properties.",
        "positive": "Rethinking Boltzmannian Equilibrium: Boltzmannian statistical mechanics partitions the phase space of a system\ninto macro-regions, and the largest of these is identified with equilibrium.\nWhat justifies this identification? Common answers focus on Boltzmann's\ncombinatorial argument, the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, and maximum entropy\nconsiderations. We argue that they fail and present a new answer. We\ncharacterise equilibrium as the macrostate in which a system spends most of its\ntime and prove a new theorem establishing that equilibrium thus defined\ncorresponds to the largest macro-region. Our derivation is completely general,\nand does not rely on assumptions about the dynamics or internal interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral density method in quantum nonextensive thermostatistics and\n  magnetic systems with long-range interactions: Motived by the necessity of explicit and reliable calculations, as a valid\ncontribution to clarify the effectiveness and, possibly, the limits of the\nTsallis thermostatistics, we formulate the Two-Time Green Functions Method in\nnonextensive quantum statistical mechanics within the optimal Lagrange\nmultiplier framework, focusing on the basic ingredients of the related Spectral\nDensity Method. Besides, to show how the SDM works we have performed, to the\nlowest order of approximation, explicit calculations of the low-temperature\nproperties for a quantum $d$-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg ferromagnet with\nlong-range interactions decaying as $1/r^{p}$ ($r$ is the distance between\nspins in the lattice)",
        "positive": "Spinodal-assisted nucleation in the two-dimensional $q-$state Potts\n  model with short-to-long range interactions: We study homogeneous nucleation in the two-dimensional $q-$state Potts model\nfor $q=3,5,10,20$ and ferromagnetic couplings $J_{ij} \\propto \\Theta (R -\n|i-j|)$, by means of Monte Carlo simulations employing heat bath dynamics.\nMetastability is induced in the low temperature phase through an instantaneous\nquench of the magnetic field coupled to one of the $q$ spin states. The quench\ndepth is adjusted, depending on the value of temperature $T$, interaction range\n$R$, and number of states $q$, in such a way that a constant nucleation time is\nalways obtained. In this setup we analyze the crossover between the classical\ncompact droplet regime occurring in presence of short range interactions $R\n\\sim 1$, and the long-range regime $R\\gg 1$ where the properties of nucleation\nare influenced by the presence of a mean-field spinodal singularity. We\nevaluate the metastable susceptibility of the order parameter as well as\nvarious critical droplet properties, which along with the evolution of the\nquench depth as a function of $q,T$ and $R$, are then compared with the field\ntheoretical predictions valid in the large $R$ limit in order to find the onset\nof spinodal-assisted nucleation. We find that, with a mild dependence on the\nvalues of $q$ and $T$ considered, spinodal scaling holds for interaction ranges\n$R\\gtrsim 8-10$, and that signatures of the presence of a pseudo-spinodal are\nalready visible for remarkably small interaction ranges $R\\sim 4-5$. The\ninfluence of spinodal singularities on the occurrence of multi-step nucleation\nis also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inference of Time-Reversal Asymmetry from Time Series in a Piezoelectric\n  Energy Harvester: We consider the problem of assessing the non-equilibrium behavior of a system\nfrom the study of time series. In particular, we analyze experimental data from\na piezoelectric energy harvester driven by broadband random vibrations where\nthe extracted power and the relative tip displacement can be simultaneously\nmeasured. We compute autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions of these\nquantities in order to investigate the system properties under time reversal.\nWe support our findings with numerical simulations of a linear underdamped\nLangevin equation, which very well describes the dynamics and fluctuations of\nthe energy harvester. Our study shows that, due to the linearity of the system,\nfrom the analysis of a single variable, it is not possible to evidence the\nnon-equilibrium nature of the dynamics. On the other hand, when\ncross-correlations are considered, the irreversible nature of the dynamics can\nbe revealed.",
        "positive": "Structure and evolution of protein interaction networks: A statistical\n  model for link dynamics and gene duplications: The structure of molecular networks derives from dynamical processes on\nevolutionary time scales. For protein interaction networks, global statistical\nfeatures of their structure can now be inferred consistently from several\nlarge-throughput datasets. Understanding the underlying evolutionary dynamics\nis crucial for discerning random parts of the network from biologically\nimportant properties shaped by natural selection. We present a detailed\nstatistical analysis of the protein interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae\nbased on several large-throughput datasets. Protein pairs resulting from gene\nduplications are used as tracers into the evolutionary past of the network.\n  From this analysis, we infer rate estimates for two key evolutionary\nprocesses shaping the network: (i) gene duplications and (ii) gain and loss of\ninteractions through mutations in existing proteins, which are referred to as\nlink dynamics. Importantly, the link dynamics is asymmetric, i.e., the\nevolutionary steps are mutations in just one of the binding parters. The link\nturnover is shown to be much faster than gene duplications. According to this\nmodel, the link dynamics is the dominant evolutionary force shaping the\nstatistical structure of the network, while the slower gene duplication\ndynamics mainly affects its size. Specifically, the model predicts (i) a broad\ndistribution of the connectivities (i.e., the number of binding partners of a\nprotein) and (ii) correlations between the connectivities of interacting\nproteins."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complex dislocation dynamics in ice: experiments: We present a statistical analysis of the acoustic emissions induced by\ndislocation motion during the creep of ice single crystals. The recorded\nacoustic waves provide an indirect measure of the inelastic energy dissipated\nduring dislocation motion. Compression and torsion creep experiments indicate\nthat viscoplastic deformation, even in the steady-state (secondary creep), is a\ncomplex and inhomogeneous process characterized by avalanches in the motion of\ndislocations. The distribution of avalanche sizes, identified with the acoustic\nwave amplitude (or the acoustic wave energy), is found to follow a power law\nwith a cutoff at large amplitudes which depends on the creep stage (primary,\nsecondary, tertiary). These results suggest that viscoplastic deformation in\nice and possibly in other materials could be described in the framework of\nnon-equilibrium critical phenomena.",
        "positive": "Static replica approach to critical correlations in glassy systems: We discuss the slow relaxation phenomenon in glassy systems by means of\nreplicas by constructing a static field theory approach to the problem. At the\nmean field level we study how criticality in the four point correlation\nfunctions arises because of the presence of soft modes and we derive an\neffective replica field theory for these critical fluctuations. By using this\nat the Gaussian level we obtain many physical quantities: the correlation\nlength, the exponent parameter that controls the Mode-Coupling dynamical\nexponents for the two-point correlation functions, and the prefactor of the\ncritical part of the four point correlation functions. Moreover we perform a\none-loop computation in order to identify the region in which the mean field\nGaussian approximation is valid. The result is a Ginzburg criterion for the\nglass transition. We define and compute in this way a proper Ginzburg number.\nFinally, we present numerical values of all these quantities obtained from the\nHypernetted Chain approximation for the replicated liquid theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium symmetry-protected topological order: emergence of\n  semilocal Gibbs ensembles: We consider nonequilibrium time evolution in quantum spin chains after a\nglobal quench. Usually a nonequilibium quantum many-body system locally relaxes\nto a (generalised) Gibbs ensemble built from conserved operators with\nquasilocal densities. Here we exhibit explicit examples of local Hamiltonians\nthat possess conservation laws with densities that are not quasilocal but act\nas such in the symmetry-restricted space where time evolution occurs. Because\nof them, the stationary state emerging at infinite time can exhibit exceptional\nfeatures. We focus on a specific example with a spin-flip symmetry, which is\nthe commonest global symmetry encountered in spin-$1/2$ chains. Among the\nexceptional properties, we find that, at late times, the excess of entropy of a\nspin block triggered by a local perturbation in the initial state grows\nlogarithmically with the subsystem's length. We establish a connection with\nsymmetry-protected topological order in equilibrium at zero temperature and\nstudy the melting of the order induced either by a (symmetry-breaking) rotation\nof the initial state or by an increase of the temperature.",
        "positive": "Thickness dependent Curie temperature and power-law behavior of layering\n  transitions in ferromagnetic classical and quantum thin films described by\n  Ising, XY and Heisenberg models: Ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transitions in classical and quantum thin\nfilms have been studied up to 50 mono-layers using effective field theory with\ntwo-site cluster approximation. Variation of the Curie temperature as a\nfunction of film thickness has been examined. The relative shift of the Curie\ntemperature from the corresponding bulk value has been investigated in terms of\nthe shift exponent $\\lambda$. We have found that shift exponent $\\lambda$\nclearly depends on the strength of the ferromagnetic exchange coupling of the\nsurface. Moreover, we have not observed any significant difference between\nclassical and quantum exponents for a particular model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boxed Skew Plane Partition and Integrable Phase Model: We study the relation between the boxed skew plane partition and the\nintegrable phase model. We introduce a generalization of a scalar product of\nthe phase model and calculate it in two ways; the first one in terms of the\nskew Schur functions, and another one by use of the commutation relations of\noperators. In both cases, a generalized scalar product is expressed as a\ndeterminant. We show that a special choice of the spectral parameters of a\ngeneralized scalar product gives the generating function of the boxed skew\nplane partition.",
        "positive": "Two Dimensional Nonlinear Nonequilibrium Kinetic Theory under Steady\n  Heat Conduction: The two-dimensional steady-state Boltzmann equation for hard-disk molecules\nin the presence of a temperature gradient has been solved explicitly to second\norder in density and the temperature gradient. The two-dimensional equation of\nstate and some physical quantities are calculated from it and compared with\nthose for the two-dimensional steady-state Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook(BGK) equation\nand information theory. We have found that the same kind of qualitative\ndifferences as the three-dimensional case among these theories still appear in\nthe two-dimensional case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low-temperature thermodynamics of the classical frustrated ferromagnetic\n  chain in magnetic field: Low-temperature magnetization curves of the classical frustrated\nferromagnetic chain in the external magnetic field near the transition point\nbetween the ferromagnetic and the helical phases is studied. It is shown that\nthe calculation of the partition function in the scaling limit reduces to the\nsolution of the Schr\\\"{o}dinger equation of the special form for the quantum\nparticle. It is proposed that the magnetization of the classical model in the\nferromagnetic part of the phase diagram including the transition point defines\nthe universal scaling function which is valid for quantum model as well.\nExplicit analytical formulae for the magnetization are given in the limiting\ncases of low and high magnetic fields. The influence of the easy-axis\nanisotropy on the magnetic properties of the model is studied. It is shown that\neven small anisotropy essentially changes the behavior of the susceptibility in\nthe vicinity of the transition point.",
        "positive": "The remote Maxwell demon as energy down-converter: It is demonstrated that Maxwell's demon can be used to allow a machine to\nextract energy from a heat bath by use of information that is processed by the\ndemon at a remote location. The model proposed here effectively replaces\ntransmission of energy by transmission of information. For that we use a\nfeedback protocol that enables a net gain by stimulating emission in selected\nfluctuations around thermal equilibrium. We estimate the down conversion rate\nand the efficiency of energy extraction from the heat bath."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pre-Cooling Strategy Allows Exponentially Faster Heating: What is the fastest way to heat a system which is coupled to a temperature\ncontrolled oven? The intuitive answer is to use only the hottest temperature\navailable. However, we show that often it is possible to achieve an\nexponentially faster heating, and propose a strategy to find the optimal\nprotocol. Surprisingly, this protocol can have a pre-cooling stage -- cooling\nthe system before heating it shortens the heating time significantly. This\napproach can be applied to many-body systems, as we demonstrate in the 2D\nantiferromagnet Ising model.",
        "positive": "Critical Exponents for Diluted Resistor Networks: An approach by Stephen is used to investigate the critical properties of\nrandomly diluted resistor networks near the percolation threshold by means of\nrenormalized field theory. We reformulate an existing field theory by Harris\nand Lubensky. By a decomposition of the principal Feynman diagrams we obtain a\ntype of diagrams which again can be interpreted as resistor networks. This new\ninterpretation provides for an alternative way of evaluating the Feynman\ndiagrams for random resistor networks. We calculate the resistance crossover\nexponent $\\phi$ up to second order in $\\epsilon=6-d$, where $d$ is the spatial\ndimension. Our result $\\phi=1+\\epsilon /42 +4\\epsilon^2 /3087$ verifies a\nprevious calculation by Lubensky and Wang, which itself was based on the\nPotts--model formulation of the random resistor network."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations in heat engines: At the dawn of thermodynamics, Carnot's constraint on efficiency of heat\nengines stimulated the formulation of one of the most universal physical\nprinciples, the second law of thermodynamics. In recent years, the field of\nheat engines acquired a new twist due to enormous efforts to develop and\ndescribe microscopic machines based on systems as small as single atoms. At\nmicroscales, fluctuations are an inherent part of dynamics and thermodynamic\nvariables such as work and heat fluctuate. Novel probabilistic formulations of\nthe second law imply general symmetries and limitations for the fluctuating\noutput power and efficiency of the small heat engines. Will their complete\nunderstanding ignite a similar revolution as the discovery of the second law?\nHere, we review the known general results concerning fluctuations in the\nperformance of small heat engines. To make the discussion more transparent, we\nillustrate the main abstract findings on exactly solvable models and provide a\nthorough theoretical introduction for newcomers to the field.",
        "positive": "Large density expansion of a hydrodynamic theory for self-propelled\n  particles: Recently, an Enskog-type kinetic theory for Vicsek-type models for\nself-propelled particles has been proposed [T. Ihle, Phys. Rev. E 83, 030901\n(2011)]. This theory is based on an exact equation for a Markov chain in phase\nspace and is not limited to small density. Previously, the hydrodynamic\nequations were derived from this theory and its transport coefficients were\ngiven in terms of infinite series. Here, I show that the transport coefficients\ntake a simple form in the large density limit. This allows me to analytically\nevaluate the well-known density instability of the polarly ordered phase near\nthe flocking threshold at moderate and large densities. The growth rate of a\nlongitudinal perturbation is calculated and several scaling regimes, including\nthree different power laws, are identified. It is shown that at large\ndensities, the restabilization of the ordered phase at smaller noise is\nanalytically accessible within the range of validity of the hydrodynamic\ntheory. Analytical predictions for the width of the unstable band, the maximum\ngrowth rate and for the wave number below which the instability occurs are\ngiven. In particular, the system size below which spatial perturbations of the\nhomogeneous ordered state are stable is predicted to scale with $\\sqrt{M}$\nwhere $M$ is the average number of collision partners. The typical time scale\nuntil the instability becomes visible is calculated and is proportional to M."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Understanding the dynamics of message passing algorithms: a free\n  probability heuristics: We use freeness assumptions of random matrix theory to analyze the dynamical\nbehavior of inference algorithms for probabilistic models with dense coupling\nmatrices in the limit of large systems. For a toy Ising model, we are able to\nrecover previous results such as the property of vanishing effective memories\nand the analytical convergence rate of the algorithm.",
        "positive": "An axiomatic characterization of a two-parameter extended relative\n  entropy: The uniqueness theorem for a two-parameter extended relative entropy is\nproven. This result extends our previous one, the uniqueness theorem for a\none-parameter extended relative entropy, to a two-parameter case. In addition,\nthe properties of a two-parameter extended relative entropy are studied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation Relation for Heat: We present a fluctuation relation for heat dissipation in a nonequilibrium\nsystem. A nonequilibrium work is known to obey the fluctuation theorem in any\ntime interval $t$. A heat, which differs from a work by an energy change, is\nshown to satisfy a modified fluctuation relation. Modification is brought by\ncorrelation between a heat and an energy change during nonequilibrium processes\nwhose effect may not be negligible even in the $t\\to\\infty$ limit. The\nfluctuation relation is derived for overdamped Langevin equation systems, and\ntested in a linear diffusion system.",
        "positive": "Exact Zero Modes in Closed Systems of Interacting Fermions: We show that for closed finite sized systems with an odd number of real\nfermionic modes, even in the presence of interactions, there are always at\nleast two fermionic operators that commute with the Hamiltonian.There is a zero\nmode corresponding to the fermion parity operator, as shown by Akhmerov, as\nwell as additional linearly independent zero modes, one of which is 1) the one\nthat is continuously connected to the Majorana mode solution in the\nnon-interacting limit, and 2) less prone to decoherence when the system is\nopened to contact with an infinite bath. We also show that in the idealized\nsituation where there are two or more well separated zero modes each associated\nwith a finite number of fermions at a localized vortex, these modes have\nnon-Abelian Ising statistics under braiding. Furthermore the algebra of the\nzero mode operators makes them useful for fermionic quantum computation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Repulsive Casimir forces at quantum criticality: We study the Casimir effect in the vicinity of a quantum critical point. As a\nprototypical system we analyze the $d$-dimensional imperfect (mean-field) Bose\ngas enclosed in a slab of extension $L^{d-1}\\times D$ and subject to periodic\nboundary conditions. The thermodynamic state is adjusted so that\n$L\\gg\\lambda\\gg D\\gg\\l_{mic}$, where $\\lambda\\sim T^{-1/2}$ is the thermal de\nBroglie length, and $l_{mic}$ denotes microscopic lengthscales. Our exact\nanalysis indicates that the Casimir force in the above specified regime is\ngenerically repulsive and decays either algebraically or exponentially, with a\nnon-universal amplitude.",
        "positive": "Field Theory of Branching and Annihilating Random Walks: We develop a systematic analytic approach to the problem of branching and\nannihilating random walks, equivalent to the diffusion-limited reaction\nprocesses 2A->0 and A->(m+1)A, where m>=1. Starting from the master equation, a\nfield-theoretic representation of the problem is derived, and fluctuation\neffects are taken into account via diagrammatic and renormalization group\nmethods. For d>2, the mean-field rate equation, which predicts an active phase\nas soon as the branching process is switched on, applies qualitatively for both\neven and odd m, but the behavior in lower dimensions is shown to be quite\ndifferent for these two cases. For even m, and d~2, the active phase still\nappears immediately, but with non-trivial crossover exponents which we compute\nin an expansion in eps=2-d, and with logarithmic corrections in d=2. However,\nthere exists a second critical dimension d_c'~4/3 below which a non-trivial\ninactive phase emerges, with asymptotic behavior characteristic of the pure\nannihilation process. This is confirmed by an exact calculation in d=1. The\nsubsequent transition to the active phase, which represents a new non-trivial\ndynamic universality class, is then investigated within a truncated loop\nexpansion. For odd m, we show that the fluctuations of the annihilation process\nare strong enough to create a non-trivial inactive phase for all d<=2. In this\ncase, the transition to the active phase is in the directed percolation\nuniversality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological jamming of extended structures and the glass transition: We propose a new scenario for glassy dynamics in frustrated systems with no\nquenched-in randomness, based on jamming of extended dynamical structures near\na critical point. This route to a glassy state is demonstrated in a lattice\nmodel of fluctuating lines. Numerical simulations of the model show\nnon-exponential relaxations and diverging energy barriers in the vicinity of a\nthermodynamic phase transition. A master equation for the coarse grained\ndynamics is constructed. It shows how topological jamming leads to the observed\nglassy dynamics.",
        "positive": "Molecular Dynamics Study of the Sonic Horizon of Microscopic Laval\n  Nozzles: A Laval nozzle can accelerate expanding gas above supersonic velocities,\nwhile cooling the gas in the process. This work investigates this process for\nmicroscopic Laval nozzles by means of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics\nsimulations of statioary flow, using grand canonical Monte-Carlo particle\nreservoirs. We study the expansion of a simple fluid, a mono-atomic gas\ninteracting via a Lennard-Jones potential, through an idealized nozzle with\natomically smooth walls. We obtain the thermodynamic state variables pressure,\ndensity, and temperature, but also the Knudsen number, speed of sound,\nvelocity, and the corresponing Mach number of the expanding gas for nozzles of\ndifferent sizes. We find that the temperature is well-defined in the sense that\nthe each velocity components of the particles obey the Maxwell-Boltzmann\ndistribution, but it is anisotropic, especially for small nozzles. The velocity\nauto-correlation function reveals a tendency towards condensation of the cooled\nsupersonic gas, although the nozzles are too small for the formation of\nclusters. Overall we find that microscopic nozzles act qualitatively like\nmacroscopic nozzles in that the particles are accelerated to supersonic speeds\nwhile their thermal motion relative to the stationary flow is cooled. We find\nthat, like macroscopic Laval nozzles, microscopic nozzles also exhibit a sonic\nhorizon, which is well-defined on a microscopic scale. The sonic horizon is\npositioned only slightly further downstream compared to isentropic expansion\nthrough macroscopic nozzles, where it is situated in the most narrow part. We\nanalyze the sonic horizon by studying spacetime density correlations, i.e.\\ how\nthermal fluctuations at two positions of the gas density are correlated in time\nand find that after the sonic horizon there are indeed no upstream correlations\non a microscopic scale."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bose-Einstein Quantum Phase Transition in an Optical Lattice Model: Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in cold gases can be turned on and off by an\nexternal potential, such as that presented by an optical lattice. We present a\nmodel of this phenomenon which we are able to analyze rigorously. The system is\na hard core lattice gas at half-filling and the optical lattice is modeled by a\nperiodic potential of strength $\\lambda$. For small $\\lambda$ and temperature,\nBEC is proved to occur, while at large $\\lambda$ or temperature there is no\nBEC. At large $\\lambda$ the low-temperature states are in a Mott insulator\nphase with a characteristic gap that is absent in the BEC phase. The\ninterparticle interaction is essential for this transition, which occurs even\nin the ground state. Surprisingly, the condensation is always into the $p=0$\nmode in this model, although the density itself has the periodicity of the\nimposed potential.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in the frustrated Ising model on the square lattice: We consider the thermal phase transition from a paramagnetic to\nstripe-antiferromagnetic phase in the frustrated two-dimensional square-lattice\nIsing model with competing interactions J1<0 (nearest neighbor, ferromagnetic)\nand J2 >0 (second neighbor, antiferromagnetic). The striped phase breaks a Z4\nsymmetry and is stabilized at low temperatures for g=J2/|J1|>1/2. Despite the\nsimplicity of the model, it has proved difficult to precisely determine the\norder and the universality class of the phase transitions. This was done\nconvincingly only recently by Jin et al. [PRL 108, 045702 (2012)]. Here, we\nfurther elucidate the nature of these transitions and their anomalies by\nemploying a combination of cluster mean-field theory, Monte Carlo simulations,\nand transfer-matrix calculations. The J1-J2 model has a line of very weak\nfirst-order phase transitions in the whole region 1/2<g<g*, where g* = 0.67(1).\nThereafter, the transitions from g above g* are continuous and can be fully\nmapped, using universality arguments, to the critical line of the well known\nAshkin-Teller model from its 4-state Potts point to the decoupled Ising limit.\nWe also comment on the pseudo-first-order behavior at the Potts point and its\nneighborhood in the Ashkin-Teller model on finite lattices, which in turn leads\nto the appearance of similar effects in the vicinity of the multicritical point\ng* in the J1-J2 model. The continuous transitions near g* can therefore be\nmistaken to be first-order transitions, and this realization was the key to\nunderstanding the paramagnetic-striped transition for the full range of g>1/2.\nMost of our results are based on Monte Carlo calculations, while the cluster\nmean-field and transfer-matrix results provide useful methodological\nbench-marks for weakly first-order behaviors and Ashkin-Teller criticality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-universal behavior for aperiodic interactions within a mean-field\n  approximation: We study the spin-1/2 Ising model on a Bethe lattice in the mean-field limit,\nwith the interaction constants following two deterministic aperiodic sequences:\nFibonacci or period-doubling ones. New algorithms of sequence generation were\nimplemented, which were fundamental in obtaining long sequences and, therefore,\nprecise results. We calculate the exact critical temperature for both\nsequences, as well as the critical exponent $\\beta$, $\\gamma$ and $\\delta$. For\nthe Fibonacci sequence, the exponents are classical, while for the\nperiod-doubling one they depend on the ratio between the two exchange\nconstants. The usual relations between critical exponents are satisfied, within\nerror bars, for the period-doubling sequence. Therefore, we show that\nmean-field-like procedures may lead to nonclassical critical exponents.",
        "positive": "Single integro-differential wave equation for L\u00e9vy walk: The integro-differential wave equation for the probability density function\nfor a classical one-dimensional L\\'evy walk with continuous sample paths has\nbeen derived. This equation involves a classical wave operator together with\nmemory integrals describing the spatio-temporal coupling of the L\\'evy walk. It\nis valid for any running time PDF and it does not involve any long-time\nlarge-scale approximations. It generalizes the well-known telegraph equation\nobtained from the persistent random walk. Several non-Markovian cases are\nconsidered when the particle's velocity alternates at the gamma and power-law\ndistributed random times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interfaces: Several aspects of the theory of the coexistence of phases and equilibrium\nforms are discussed. In section 1, the problem is studied from the point of\nview of thermodynamics. In section 2, the statistical mechanical theory is\nintroduced. We consider, in particular, the description of the microscopic\ninterface at low temperatures and the existence of a free energy per unit area\n(surface tension). In section 3, a proof is given of the microscopic validity\nof the Wulff construction in a simplified model of a two-dimensional interface.\nFinally, in section 4, the roughening transition and the formation of facets in\nan equilibrium crystal are studied. Appendices A and B concern, respectively,\nthe first and second points of section 2, mentioned above.",
        "positive": "Localization Transition of Biased Random Walks on Random Networks: We study random walks on large random graphs that are biased towards a\nrandomly chosen but fixed target node. We show that a critical bias strength\nb_c exists such that most walks find the target within a finite time when\nb>b_c. For b<b_c, a finite fraction of walks drifts off to infinity before\nhitting the target. The phase transition at b=b_c is second order, but finite\nsize behavior is complex and does not obey the usual finite size scaling\nansatz. By extending rigorous results for biased walks on Galton-Watson trees,\nwe give the exact analytical value for b_c and verify it by large scale\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cold Bosons in Optical Lattices: Basic properties of cold Bose atoms in optical lattices are reviewed. The\nmain principles of correct self-consistent description of arbitrary systems\nwith Bose-Einstein condensate are formulated. Theoretical methods for\ndescribing regular periodic lattices are presented. A special attention is paid\nto the discussion of Bose-atom properties in the frame of the boson Hubbard\nmodel. Optical lattices with arbitrary strong disorder, induced by random\npotentials, are treated. Possible applications of cold atoms in optical\nlattices are discussed, with an emphasis of their usefulness for quantum\ninformation processing and quantum computing. An important feature of the\npresent review article, distinguishing it from other review works, is that\ntheoretical fundamentals here are not just mentioned in brief, but are\nthoroughly explained. This makes it easy for the reader to follow the principal\npoints without the immediate necessity of resorting to numerous publications in\nthe field.",
        "positive": "Translational and Rotational Diffusion in Stretched Water: We perform molecular dynamics simulations using the extended simple point\ncharge SPC/E water model in order to investigate the dynamical behavior of\nsupercooled-stretched water. We focus on the behavior of the translational\ndiffusion coefficient, the orientational relaxation time, and the local\nhydrogen bond network. Decreasing density or pressure along an isothermal path,\nthere is a mininum in the diffusion coefficient and a maximum in the\norientational relaxation time, suggesting an initial enhancement and subsequent\nbreakdown of the tetrahedral structure and of the hydrogen bond network as the\ndensity decreases. The analysis of the tetrahedral structure of the nearest\nneighbors help to clarify the relationship between the local structural changes\nand the system dynamics. We also find that the product of diffusion coefficient\nand relaxation time is nearly constant, indicating that the anomalous behavior\nobserved in the rotational and translational diffusion arise from the same\nmicroscopic mechanism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Markovian melting: a novel procedure to generate initial liquid like\n  phases for small molecules for use in computer simulation studies: Computer simulations of liquid phases require an initial configuration from\nwhich to begin. The preparation of such an initial configuration or `snapshot'\noften involves the melting of a solid phase. This melting is usually undertaken\nby heating the system at low pressure, followed by a lengthy re-compression and\ncooling once the melt has formed. This note looks at a novel technique to\nproduce a liquid phase from a perfect crystal using a standard Monte Carlo\nsimulation code.",
        "positive": "Ageing in bosonic particle-reaction models with long-range transport: Ageing in systems without detailed balance is studied in bosonic contact and\npair-contact processes with Levy diffusion. In the ageing regime, the dynamical\nscaling of the two-time correlation function and two-time response function is\nfound and analysed. Exact results for non-equilibrium exponents and scaling\nfunctions are derived. The behaviour of the fluctuation-dissipation ratio is\nanalysed. A passage time from the quasi-stationary regime to the ageing regime\nis defined, in qualitative agreement with kinetic spherical models and p-spin\nspherical glasses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Worm-type Monte Carlo simulation of the Ashkin-Teller model on the\n  triangular lattice: We investigate the symmetric Ashkin-Teller (AT) model on the triangular\nlattice in the antiferromagnetic two-spin coupling region ($J<0$). In the $J\n\\rightarrow -\\infty$ limit, we map the AT model onto a fully-packed loop-dimer\nmodel on the honeycomb lattice. On the basis of this exact transformation and\nthe low-temperature expansion, we formulate a variant of worm-type algorithms\nfor the AT model, which significantly suppress the critical slowing-down. We\nanalyze the Monte Carlo data by finite-size scaling, and locate a line of\ncritical points of the Ising universality class in the region $J<0$ and $K>0$,\nwith K the four-spin interaction. Further, we find that, in the $J \\rightarrow\n-\\infty$ limit, the critical line terminates at the decoupled point $K=0$. From\nthe numerical results and the exact mapping, we conjecture that this\n`tricritical' point ($J \\rightarrow -\\infty, K=0$) is\nBerezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless-like and the logarithmic correction is absent.\nThe dynamic critical exponent of the worm algorithm is estimated as $z=0.28(1)$\nnear $(J \\rightarrow -\\infty, K=0)$.",
        "positive": "Fluctuations of Apparent Entropy Production in Networks with Hidden Slow\n  Degrees of Freedom: The fluctuation theorem for entropy production is a remarkable symmetry of\nthe distribution of produced entropy that holds universally in non-equilibrium\nsteady states with Markovian dynamics. However, in systems with slow degrees of\nfreedom that are hidden from the observer, it is not possible to infer the\namount of produced entropy exactly. Previous work suggested that a relation\nsimilar to the fluctuation theorem may hold at least approximately for such\nsystems if one considers an apparent entropy production. By extending the\nnotion of apparent entropy production to discrete bipartite systems, we\ninvestigate which criteria have to be met for such a modified fluctuation\ntheorem to hold in the large deviation limit. We use asymptotic approximations\nof the large deviation function to show that the probabilities of extreme\nevents of apparent entropy production always obey a modified fluctuation\ntheorem and, moreover, that it is possible to infer otherwise hidden\nproperties. For the paradigmatic case of two coupled colloidal particles on\nrings the rate function of the apparent entropy production is calculated to\nillustrate this asymptotic behavior and to show that the modified fluctuation\ntheorem observed experimentally for short observation times does not persist in\nthe long time limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized entropies from first principles: We present a derivation of power law canonical distributions from first\nprinciple statistical mechanics, including the exponential distribution as a It\nis presented a derivation of power law canonical distributions from first\nprinciple statistical mechanics, including the exponential distribution as a\nparticular case. It is shown that these distributions arise naturally, and that\nthe heat capacity of the heat bath is the condition that determines its type.\nAs a consequence, it is given a physical interpretation for the parameter $q$\nof the generalized entropy.",
        "positive": "Non-ergodic Intensity Correlation Functions for Blinking Nano Crystals: We investigate the non-ergodic properties of blinking nano-crystals using a\nstochastic approach. We calculate the distribution functions of the time\naveraged intensity correlation function and show that these distributions are\nnot delta peaked on the ensemble average correlation function values; instead\nthey are W or U shaped. Beyond blinking nano-crystals our results describe\nnon-ergodicity in systems stochastically modeled using the Levy walk framework\nfor anomalous diffusion, for example certain types of chaotic dynamics,\ncurrents in ion-channel, and single spin dynamics to name a few."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Omori's law in the Internet traffic: The Internet is a complex system, whose temporal behavior is highly\nnonstationary and exhibits sudden drastic changes regarded as main shocks or\ncatastrophes. Here, analyzing a set of time series data of round-trip tim\nmeasured in echo experiment with the Ping Command, the property of\n\"aftershocks\" (i.e., catastrophes of smaller scales) after a main shock is\nstudied. It is found that the aftershocks obey Omori's law. Thus, the Internet\nshares with earthquakes and financial market crashes a common scale-invariant\nfeature in the temporal patterns of aftershocks.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Steady State of a Weakly-Driven Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n  Equation: We consider an infinite interface in $d>2$ dimensions, governed by the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation with a weak Gaussian noise which is\ndelta-correlated in time and has short-range spatial correlations. We study the\nprobability distribution of the interface height $H$ at a point of the\nsubstrate, when the interface is initially flat. We show that, in a stark\ncontrast with the KPZ equation in $d<2$, this distribution approaches a\nnon-equilibrium steady state. The time of relaxation toward this state scales\nas the diffusion time over the correlation length of the noise. We study the\nsteady-state distribution $\\mathcal{P}(H)$ using the optimal-fluctuation\nmethod. The typical, small fluctuations of height are Gaussian. For these\nfluctuations the activation path of the system coincides with the time-reversed\nrelaxation path, and the variance of $\\mathcal{P}(H)$ can be found from a\nminimization of the (nonlocal) equilibrium free energy of the interface. In\ncontrast, the tails of $\\mathcal{P}(H)$ are nonequilibrium, non-Gaussian and\nstrongly asymmetric. To determine them we calculate, analytically and\nnumerically, the activation paths of the system, which are different from the\ntime-reversed relaxation paths. We show that the slower-decaying tail of\n$\\mathcal{P}(H)$ scales as $-\\ln \\mathcal{P}(H) \\propto |H|$, while the\nfaster-decaying tail scales as $-\\ln \\mathcal{P}(H) \\propto |H|^3$. The\nslower-decaying tail has important implications for the statistics of directed\npolymers in random potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The thermodynamic Casimir force: A Monte Carlo study of the crossover\n  between the ordinary and the normal surface universality class: We study the crossover from the ordinary to the normal surface universality\nclass in the three-dimensional Ising universality class. This crossover is\nrelevant for the behavior of films of binary mixtures near the demixing point\nand a weak adsorption at one or both surfaces. We perform Monte Carlo\nsimulations of the improved Blume-Capel model on the simple cubic lattice. We\nconsider systems with film geometry, where various boundary conditions are\napplied. We discuss corrections to scaling that are caused by the surfaces and\ntheir relation with the so called extrapolation length. To this end we analyze\nthe behavior of the magnetization profile near the surfaces of films. We obtain\nan accurate estimate of the renormalization group exponent y_{h_1}=0.7249(6)\nfor the ordinary surface universality class. Next we study the thermodynamic\nCasimir force in the crossover region from the ordinary to the normal surface\nuniversality class. To this end, we compute the Taylor-expansion of the\ncrossover finite size scaling function up to the second order in h_1 around\nh_1=0, where h_1 is the external field at one of the surfaces. We check the\nrange of applicability of the Taylor-expansion by simulating at finite values\nof h_1. Finally we study the approach to the strong adsorption limit h_1\n\\rightarrow \\infty. Our results confirm the qualitative picture that emerges\nfrom exact calculations for stripes of the two-dimensional Ising model, [D. B.\nAbraham and A. Maciolek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 055701 (2010)], mean-field\ncalculations and preliminary Monte Carlo simulations of the 3D Ising model, [T.\nF. Mohry et al, Phys. Rev. E 81, 061117 (2010)]: For certain choices of h_1 and\nthe thickness of the film, the thermodynamic Casimir force changes sign as a\nfunction of the temperature and for certain choices of the temperature and h_1,\nit also changes sign as a function of the thickness of the film.",
        "positive": "Steady-state skewness and kurtosis from renormalized cumulants in\n  $(2+1)$-dimensional stochastic surface growth: The phenomenon of stochastic growth of a surface on a two-dimensional\nsubstrate occurs in Nature in a variety of circumstances and its statistical\ncharacterization requires the study of higher order cumulants. Here, we\nconsider the statistical cumulants of height fluctuations governed by the\n$(2+1)$-dimensional KPZ equation for flat geometry. We follow a diagrammatic\nscheme to derive the expressions for renormalized cumulants up to fourth order\nin the stationary state. Assuming a value for the roughness exponent from\nreliable numerical predictions, we calculate the second, third and fourth\ncumulants, yielding skewness $S=0.2879$ and kurtosis $Q=0.1995$. These values\nagree well with the available numerical estimations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Single-site approximation for reaction-diffusion processes: We consider the branching and annihilating random walk $A\\to 2A$ and $2A\\to\n0$ with reaction rates $\\sigma$ and $\\lambda$, respectively, and hopping rate\n$D$, and study the phase diagram in the $(\\lambda/D,\\sigma/D)$ plane. According\nto standard mean-field theory, this system is in an active state for all\n$\\sigma/D>0$, and perturbative renormalization suggests that this mean-field\nresult is valid for $d >2$; however, nonperturbative renormalization predicts\nthat for all $d$ there is a phase transition line to an absorbing state in the\n$(\\lambda/D,\\sigma/D)$ plane. We show here that a simple single-site\napproximation reproduces with minimal effort the nonperturbative phase diagram\nboth qualitatively and quantitatively for all dimensions $d>2$. We expect the\napproach to be useful for other reaction-diffusion processes involving\nabsorbing state transitions.",
        "positive": "Connection between energy-spectrum self-similarity and specific heat\n  log-periodicity: As a first step towards the understanding of the thermodynamical properties\nof quasiperiodic structures, we have performed both analytical and numerical\ncalculations associated with succesive hierarchical approximations to\nmultiscale fractal energy spectra. We show that, in a certain range of\ntemperatures, the specific heat displays log-periodic oscillations as a\nfunction of the temperature. We exhibit scaling arguments that allow for\nrelating the mean value as well as the amplitude and period of the oscillations\nto the characteristic scales of the spectrum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergence of correlations in highly biased Consensus Models in seed\n  initial configuration: We study the consensus probability in Voter Model and Invasion Process\nstarting from a seed initial configuration. In the case where the opinions have\nthe same strength or slightly different (weak bias) this function was computed\nanalytically by Sood, Antal and Redner and depends only on the degree of the\npromoter individual. We check numerically through large scale simulations the\nabove mentioned theory and we find that in the case of strong bias a\ncorrelation between the consensus probability and other centrality measures\nemerge and Sood et al's theory is broken.",
        "positive": "On the Kinetic Properties of Solitons in Nonlinear Schr\u00f6dinger\n  Equation: The Boltzmann type kinetic equation for solitons in Nonlinear Schr\\\"{o}dinger\nequation has been constructed on the base of analysis of two soliton collision.\nPossible applications for Langmuir solitons in plasma and solitons in optic\nfiber are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modified fluctuation-dissipation and Einstein relation at\n  non-equilibrium steady states: Starting from the pioneering work of G. S. Agarwal [Zeitschrift f\\\"ur Physik\n252, 25 (1972)], we present a unified derivation of a number of modified\nfluctuation-dissipation relations (MFDR) that relate response to small\nperturbations around non-equilibrium steady states to steady-state\ncorrelations. Using this formalism we show the equivalence of velocity forms of\nMFDR derived using continuum Langevin and discrete master equation dynamics.\nThe resulting additive correction to the Einstein relation is exemplified using\na flashing ratchet model of molecular motors.",
        "positive": "Equivalent Markov processes under gauge group: We have studied Markov processes on denumerable state space and continuous\ntime. We found that all these processes are connected via gauge\ntransformations. We have used this result before as a method for resolution of\nequations, included the case where the sample space is time dependent in a\nprevious work \\textit{Phys. Rev. E} \\textbf{90}, 022125 (2014). We found a\ngeneral solution through a dilation of the state space, although the prior\nprobability distribution of the states defined in this new space takes smaller\nvalues with respect to the one in the initial problem. The gauge (local) group\nof dilations modifies the distribution on the dilated space to restore the\noriginal process. In this work we show how Markov process in general could be\nlinked via gauge (local) transformations and we present some illustrative\nexamples for this results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Series expansion of the excess work using nonlinear response theory: The calculation of observable averages in non-equilibrium regimes is one of\nthe most important problems in statistical physics. Using the Hamiltonian\napproach of nonlinear response theory, we obtain a series expansion of the\naverage excess work and illustrate it with specific examples of thermally\nisolated systems. We report the emergence of non-vanishing contributions for\nlarge switching times when the system is subjected to strong driving. The\nproblem is solved by using an adapted multiple-scale method to suppress these\nsecular terms. Our paradigmatic examples show how the method is implemented\ngenerating a truncated series that obeys the Second Law of Thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Tunneling and delocalization in hydrogen bonded systems: a study in\n  position and momentum space: Novel experimental and computational studies have uncovered the proton\nmomentum distribution in hydrogen bonded systems. In this work, we utilize\nrecently developed open path integral Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics\nmethodology in order to study the momentum distribution in phases of high\npressure ice. Some of these phases exhibit symmetric hydrogen bonds and quantum\ntunneling. We find that the symmetric hydrogen bonded phase possesses a\nnarrowed momentum distribution as compared with a covalently bonded phase, in\nagreement with recent experimental findings. The signatures of tunneling that\nwe observe are a narrowed distribution in the low-to-intermediate momentum\nregion, with a tail that extends to match the result of the covalently bonded\nstate. The transition to tunneling behavior shows similarity to features\nobserved in recent experiments performed on confined water. We corroborate our\nice simulations with a study of a particle in a model one-dimensional double\nwell potential that mimics some of the effects observed in bulk simulations.\nThe temperature dependence of the momentum distribution in the one-dimensional\nmodel allows for the differentiation between ground state and mixed state\ntunneling effects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of a quantum phase transition in the 1D Bose-Hubbard model:\n  excitations and correlations induced by a quench: The ground state of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model at unit filling\nundergoes the Mott-superfluid quantum phase transition. It belongs to the\nKosterlitz-Thouless universality class with an exponential divergence of the\ncorrelation length in place of the usual power law. We present numerical\nsimulations of a linear quench both from the Mott insulator to superfluid and\nback. The results satisfy the scaling hypothesis that follows from the\nKibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM). In the superfluid-to-Mott quenches there is no\nsignificant excitation in the superfluid phase despite its gaplessness. Since\nall critical superfluid ground states are qualitatively similar, the excitation\nbegins to build up only after crossing the critical point when the ground state\nbegins to change fundamentally. The last process falls into the KZM framework.",
        "positive": "A non-perturbative renormalization group study of the stochastic\n  Navier--Stokes equation: We study the renormalization group flow of the average action of the\nstochastic Navier--Stokes equation with power-law forcing. Using Galilean\ninvariance we introduce a non-perturbative approximation adapted to the zero\nfrequency sector of the theory in the parametric range of the H\\\"older exponent\n$4-2\\,\\varepsilon$ of the forcing where real-space local interactions are\nrelevant. In any spatial dimension $d$, we observe the convergence of the\nresulting renormalization group flow to a unique fixed point which yields a\nkinetic energy spectrum scaling in agreement with canonical dimension analysis.\nKolmogorov's -5/3 law is, thus, recovered for $\\varepsilon=2$ as also predicted\nby perturbative renormalization. At variance with the perturbative prediction,\nthe -5/3 law emerges in the presence of a \\emph{saturation} in the\n$\\varepsilon$-dependence of the scaling dimension of the eddy diffusivity at\n$\\varepsilon=3/2$ when, according to perturbative renormalization, the velocity\nfield becomes infra-red relevant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collapse and evaporation of a canonical self-gravitating gas: We review the out-of-equilibrium properties of a self-gravitating gas of\nparticles in the presence of a strong friction and a random force (canonical\ngas). We assume a bare diffusion coefficient of the form $D(\\rho)=T\\rho^{1/n}$,\nwhere $\\rho$ is the local particle density, so that the equation of state is\n$P(\\rho)=D(\\rho)\\rho$. Depending on the spatial dimension $d$, the index $n$,\nthe temperature $T$, and whether the system is confined to a finite box or not,\nthe system can reach an equilibrium state, collapse or evaporate. This article\nfocuses on the latter cases, presenting a complete dynamical phase diagram of\nthe system.",
        "positive": "A mathematical method for irregular hamiltonian systems: We present certain mathematical aspects of an information method which was\nformulated in an attempt to investigate diffusion phenomena. We imagine a\nregular dynamical hamiltonian systems under the random perturbation of thermal\n(molecular) noise and chaotic motion. The random effect is taken into account\nvia the uncertainty of irregular dynamic process produced in this way. This\nuncertainty due to different paths between two phase points is measured by a\npath information which is maximized in connection with the action defined\noriginally for the unperturbed regular hamiltonian systems. The obtained\ntransition probability depends exponentially on this action. The usefulness of\nthis information method has been demonstrated by the derivation of diffusion\nlaws without the usual assumptions. In this work, some essential mathematical\naspects of this irregular dynamics is reviewed. It is emphasized that the\nclassical action principle for single least action path is no more valid and\nthe formalism of classical mechanics for regular hamiltonian systems is no more\nexact for irregular hamiltonian dynamics. There is violation of the fundamental\nlaws of mechanics by randomly perturbed hamiltonian systems. However, the\naction principle is always present for the ensemble of paths through the\naverage action. This average action principle leads to a formalism of\nstochastic mechanics in which, in spite of the violation of fundamental laws,\nthe mathematical form of classical mechanics can be recovered by a\nconsideration of the statistical averaging of the dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A temperature behavior of the frustrated translational mode of adsorbate\n  and the nature of the \"adsorbate-substrate\" interaction: A temperature behavior of the frustrated translational mode (T-mode) of a\nlight particle, coupled by different regimes of ohmicity to the surface, is\nstudied within a formalism of the generalized diffusion coefficients. The\nmemory effects of the adsorbate motion are considered to be the main reason of\nthe T-mode origin. Numerical calculations yield a thermally induced shift and\nbroadening of the T-mode, which is found to be linear in temperature for Ohmic\nand super-Ohmic systems and nonlinear for strongly sub-Ohmic ones. We obtain\nanalytical expressions for the T-mode shift and width at weak coupling for the\nsystems with integer \"ohmicity\" indexes n=0-2 in zero temperature and high\ntemperature limits. We provide an explanation of the experimentally observed\nblue- or red-shifts of the T-mode on the basis of a comparative analysis of two\ntypical times of the system evolution: a time of decay of the\n\"velocity-velocity\" autocorrelation function, and a correlation time of the\nthermal bath random forces. A relation of the T-mode to the multiple jumps of\nthe adsorbate is discussed, and generalization of conditions of the multiple\nhopping to the case of quantum surface diffusion is performed.",
        "positive": "Analytic Approximations for the Velocity of Field-Driven Ising\n  Interfaces: We present analytic approximations for the field, temperature, and\norientation dependences of the interface velocity in a two-dimensional kinetic\nIsing model in a nonzero field. The model, which has nonconserved order\nparameter, is useful for ferromagnets, ferroelectrics, and other systems\nundergoing order-disorder phase transformations driven by a bulk free-energy\ndifference. The Solid-on-Solid (SOS) approximation for the microscopic surface\nstructure is used to estimate mean spin-class populations, from which the mean\ninterface velocity can be obtained for any specific single-spin-flip dynamic.\nThis linear-response approximation remains accurate for higher temperatures\nthan the single-step and polynuclear growth models, while it reduces to these\nin the appropriate low-temperature limits. The equilibrium SOS approximation is\ngeneralized by mean-field arguments to obtain field-dependent class populations\nfor moving interfaces, and thereby a nonlinear-response approximation for the\nvelocity. The analytic results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations.\nExcellent agreement is found in a wide range of field, temperature, and\ninterface orientation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-crossing run-and-tumble particles on a line: We study active particles performing independent run and tumble motion on an\ninfinite line with velocities $v_0 \\sigma(t)$, where $\\sigma(t) = \\pm 1$ is a\ndichotomous telegraphic noise with constant flipping rate $\\gamma$. We first\nconsider one particle in the presence of an absorbing wall at $x=0$ and\ncalculate the probability that it has survived up to time $t$ and is at\nposition $x$ at time $t$. We then consider two particles with independent\ntelegraphic noises and compute exactly the probability that they do not cross\nup to time $t$. Contrarily to the case of passive (Brownian) particles this\ntwo-RTP problem can not be reduced to a single RTP with an absorbing wall.\nNevertheless, we are able to compute exactly the probability of no-crossing of\ntwo independent RTP's up to time $t$ and find that it decays at large time as\n$t^{-1/2}$ with an amplitude that depends on the initial condition. The latter\nallows to define an effective length scale, analogous to the so called `` Milne\nextrapolation length'' in neutron scattering, which we demonstrate to be a\nfingerprint of the active dynamics.",
        "positive": "A simple method to determine parameters of embryos distribution in\n  homogeneous nucleation under dynamic conditions: A simple method to get all main characteristics of nucleation process is\nproposed. The advantage of this method is an applicability to situations with\nnon-linear behavior in time of effective external source of vapor. It is\nimportant because already existed objects of a new phase comsume vapor in\nnon-linear manner and form an effective non-linear behavior of external\nconditions. To describe kinetics in this situatrion one can use a method\nproposed here. As the result some exact expressions for all main\ncharacteristics of nucleation kinetics are obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Current fluctuations of interacting active Brownian particles: We derive the distribution of particle currents for a system of interacting\nactive Brownian particles in the long time limit using large deviation theory\nand a weighted many body expansion. We find the distribution is non-Gaussian,\nexcept in the limit of passive particles. The non-Gaussian fluctuations can be\nunderstood from the effective potential the particles experience when\nconditioned on a given current. This potential suppresses fluctuations of the\nparticles orientations and surrounding density, aligning particles and reducing\ntheir effective drag. From the distribution of currents, we compute the\ndiffusion coefficient, which is in excellent agreement with molecular dynamics\nsimulations over a range of self-propulsion velocities and densities. We show\nthat mass transport is Fickian in that the diffusion constant determines the\nresponse of a small density gradient, and that nonlinear responses are\nsimilarly computable from the density dependence of the current distribution.",
        "positive": "Bogoliubov theory of Feshbach molecules in the BEC-BCS crossover: We present the Bogoliubov theory for the Bose-Einstein condensation of\nFeshbach molecules in a balanced Fermi mixture. Because the Bogoliubov theory\nincludes (Gaussian) fluctuations, we can in this manner accurately incorporate\nboth the two-body and many-body aspects of the BEC-BCS crossover that occurs\nnear a Feshbach resonance. We apply the theory in particular to the very broad\nFeshbach resonance in atomic Li-6 at a magnetic field of B_0 = 834 G and find\ngood agreement with experiments in that case. The BEC-BCS crossover for more\nnarrow Feshbach resonances is also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Symmetries and novel universal properties of turbulent hydrodynamics in\n  a symmetric binary fluid mixture: We elucidate the universal properties of the nonequilibrium steady states\n(NESS) in a driven symmetric binary fluid mixture, an example of active\nadvection, in its miscible phase. We use the symmetries of the equations of\nmotion to establish the appropriate form of the structure functions which\ncharacterise the statistical properties of the NESS of a driven symmetric\nbinary fluid mixture. We elucidate the universal properties described by the\nscaling exponents and the amplitude ratios. Our results suggest that these\nexponents and amplitude ratios vary continuously with the degree of\ncrosscorrelations between the velocity and the gradient of the concentration\nfields. Furthermore, we demonstrate, in agreement with Celani et al, Phys. Rev.\nLett., 89, 234502 (2002, that the conventional structure functions as used in\npassive scalar turbulence studies exhibit only simple scaling in the problem of\nsymmetric binary fluid mixture even in the weak concentration limit. We also\ndiscuss possible experimental verifications of our results.",
        "positive": "Holonomic constraints : an analytical result: Systems subjected to holonomic constraints follow quite complicated dynamics\nthat could not be described easily with Hamiltonian or Lagrangian dynamics. The\ninfluence of holonomic constraints in equations of motions is taken into\naccount by using Lagrange multipliers. Finding the value of the Lagrange\nmultipliers allows to compute the forces induced by the constraints and\ntherefore, to integrate the equations of motions of the system. Computing\nanalytically the Lagrange multipliers for a constrained system may be a\ndifficult task that is depending on the complexity of systems. For complex\nsystems, it is most of the time impossible to achieve. In computer simulations,\nsome algorithms using iterative procedures estimate numerically Lagrange\nmultipliers or constraint forces by correcting the unconstrained trajectory. In\nthis work, we provide an analytical computation of the Lagrange multipliers for\na set of linear holonomic constraints with an arbitrary number of bonds of\nconstant length. In the appendix of the paper, one would find explicit formulas\nfor Lagrange multipliers for systems having 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 bonds of constant\nlength, linearly connected."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nature of phase transitions in Axelrod-like coupled Potts models in two\n  dimensions: We study $F$ coupled $q$-state Potts models in a two-dimensional square\nlattice. The interaction between the different layers is attractive, to favour\na simultaneous alignment in all of them, and its strength is fixed. The nature\nof the phase transition for zero field is numerically determined for $F=2,3$.\nUsing the Lee-Kosterlitz method, we find that it is continuous for $F=2$ and\n$q=2$, whereas it is abrupt for higher values of $q$ and/or $F$. When a\ncontinuous or a weakly first-order phase transition takes place, we also\nanalyze the properties of the geometrical clusters. This allows us to determine\nthe fractal dimension $D$ of the incipient infinite cluster and to examine the\nfinite-size scaling of the cluster number density via data collapse. A\nmean-field approximation of the model, from which some general trends can be\ndetermined, is presented too. Finally, since this lattice model has been\nrecently considered as a thermodynamic counterpart of the Axelrod model of\nsocial dynamics, we discuss our results in connection with this one.",
        "positive": "Non equilibrium dynamics of isolated disordered systems: the classical\n  Hamiltonian p-spin model: We study the dynamics of a classical disordered macroscopic model completely\nisolated from the environment reproducing, in a classical setting, the \"quantum\nquench\" protocol. We show that, depending on the pre and post quench parameters\nthe system approaches equilibrium, succeeding to act as a bath on itself, or\nremains out of equilibrium, in two different ways. In one of the latter, the\nsystem stays confined in a metastable state in which it undergoes stationary\ndynamics characterised by a single temperature. In the other, the system ages\nand its dynamics are characterised by two temperatures associated to\nobservations made at short and long time differences (high and low\nfrequencies). The parameter dependence of the asymptotic states is rationalised\nin terms of a dynamic phase diagram with one equilibrium and two out of\nequilibrium phases. Aspects of pre-thermalisation are observed and discussed.\nSimilarities and differences with the dynamics of the dissipative model are\nalso explained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information theory explanation of the fluctuation theorem, maximum\n  entropy production and self-organized criticality in non-equilibrium\n  stationary states: Jaynes' information theory formalism of statistical mechanics is applied to\nthe stationary states of open, non-equilibrium systems. The key result is the\nconstruction of the probability distribution for the underlying microscopic\nphase space trajectories. Three consequences of this result are then derived :\nthe fluctuation theorem, the principle of maximum entropy production, and the\nemergence of self-organized criticality for flux-driven systems in the\nslowly-driven limit. The accumulating empirical evidence for these results\nlends support to Jaynes' formalism as a common predictive framework for\nequilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium quantum transport in presence of a defect: the\n  non-interacting case: We study quantum transport after an inhomogeneous quantum quench in a free\nfermion lattice system in the presence of a localised defect. Using a new\nrigorous analytical approach for the calculation of large time and distance\nasymptotics of physical observables, we derive the exact profiles of particle\ndensity and current. Our analysis shows that the predictions of a semiclassical\napproach that has been extensively applied in similar problems match exactly\nwith the correct asymptotics, except for possible finite distance corrections\nclose to the defect. We generalise our formulas to an arbitrary non-interacting\nparticle-conserving defect, expressing them in terms of its scattering\nproperties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymmetric Exclusion Process in a System of Interacting Brownian\n  Particles: We study a continuous-space version of the totally asymmetric simple\nexclusion process (TASEP), consisting of interacting Brownian particles subject\nto a driving force in a periodic external potential. Particles are inserted at\nthe leftmost site at rate $\\alpha$, hop to the right at unit rate, and are\nremoved at the rightmost site at rate $\\beta$. Our study is motivated by recent\nexperiments on colloidal particles in optical tweezer arrays. The external\npotential is of the form generated by such an array. Particles spend most of\nthe time near potential minima, approximating the situation in the lattice gas;\na short-range repulsive interaction prevents two particles from occupying the\nsame potential well. A constant driving force, representing Stokes drag on\nparticles suspended in a moving fluid, leads to biased motion. Our results for\nthe density profile and current, obtained via numerical integration of the\nLangevin equation and dynamic Monte Carlo simulations, indicate that the\ncontinuous-space model exhibits phase transitions analogous to those observed\nin the lattice model. The correspondence is not exact, however, due to the lack\nof particle-hole symmetry in our model.",
        "positive": "The Entropy Anomaly and the Linear Irreversible Thermodynamics: The irreversible currents and entropy production rate of a dilute colloidal\nsuspension are calculated using the linear irreversible thermodynamics and the\nlinear response theory. The \\anomalous\" or \\hidden\" entropy recently discussed\nin the context of the stochastic thermodynamics is fully accounted in these\nclassic frameworks. We show that the two distinct formulations lead to\nidentical results as long as the local equilibrium assumption or, equivalently\nthe linear response theory, is valid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pareto's law: a model of human sharing and creativity: A computational model for the distribution of wealth among the members of an\nideal society is presented. It is determined that a realistic distribution of\nwealth depends upon two mechanisms: an asymmetric flux of wealth in trading\ntransactions that advantages the poorer of the two traders and a non-stationary\ncreation and destruction of individual wealth. The former mechanism\nredistributes wealth by reducing the gap between the rich and poor, leading to\nthe emergence of a middle class. The latter mechanism, together with the former\none, generates a distribution of wealth having a power-law tail that is\ncompatible with Pareto's law.",
        "positive": "A thermodynamic cycle for the solar cell: A solar cell is a heat engine, but textbook treatments are not wholly\nsatisfactory from a thermodynamic standpoint, since they present solar cells as\ndirectly converting the energy of light into electricity, and the current in\nthe circuit as maintained by an electrostatic potential. We propose a\nthermodynamic cycle in which the gas of electrons in the p phase serves as the\nworking substance. The interface between the p and n phases acts as a\nself-oscillating piston that modulates the absorption of heat from the photons\nso that it may perform a net positive work during a complete cycle of its\nmotion, in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics. We draw a simple\nhydrodynamical analogy between this model and the \"putt-putt\"' engine of toy\nboats, in which the interface between the water's liquid and gas phases serves\nas the piston. We point out some testable consequences of this model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Directed motion generated by heat bath nonlinearly driven by external\n  noise: Based on the system heat bath approach where the bath is nonlinearly\nmodulated by an external Gaussian random force, we propose a new microscopic\nmodel to study directed motion in the overdamped limit for a nonequilibrium\nopen system. Making use of the coupling between the heat bath and the external\nmodulation as a small perturbation we construct a Langevin equation with\nmultiplicative noise and space dependent dissipation and the corresponding\nFokker-Planck-Smoluchowski equation in the overdamped limit. We examine the\nthermodynamic consistency condition and explore the possibility of observing a\nphase induced current as a consequence of state dependent diffusion and,\nnecessarily, nonlinear driving of the heat bath by the external noise.",
        "positive": "A Crash Course on Aging: In these lecture notes I describe some of the main theoretical ideas emerged\nto explain the aging dynamics. This is meant to be a very short introduction to\naging dynamics and no previous knowledge is assumed. I will go through simple\nexamples that allow one to grasp the main results and predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal Superradiance and the Clausius-Mossotti Lorentz-Lorenz Equations: Electric polarization phenomena in insulating systems have long been\ndescribed in mean field theory by the (static) Clausius-Mossotti or (dynamic)\nLorentz-Lorenz polarizabilities. It is here shown, in the strong coupling\nregime, that a thermodynamic phase instability exists in these models. The\nresulting thermodynamic phase diagram coincides with that obtained from\nDicke-Preparata model of thermal superradiance.",
        "positive": "Fast Functionalization with High Performance in the Autonomous\n  Information Engine: Mandal and Jarzynski have proposed a fully autonomous information heat\nengine, consisting of a demon, a mass and a memory register interacting with a\nthermal reservoir. This device converts thermal energy into mechanical work by\nwriting information to a memory register, or conversely, erasing information by\nconsuming mechanical work. Here, we derive a speed limit inequality between the\nrelaxation time of state transformation and the distance between the initial\nand final distributions, where the combination of the dynamical activity and\nentropy production plays an important role. Such inequality provides a hint\nthat a speed-performance trade-off relation exists between the relaxation time\nto functional state and the average production. To obtain fast\nfunctionalization while maintaining the performance, we show that the\nrelaxation dynamics of information heat engine can be accelerated significantly\nby devising an optimal initial state of the demon. Our design principle is\ninspired by the so-called Mpemba effect, where water freezes faster when\ninitially heated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hidden thermal structure in Fock space: The emergence of quantum statistical mechanics from individual pure states of\nclosed many-body systems is currently under intensive investigations. While\nmost efforts have been put on the impacts of the direct interaction (i.e., the\nusual mutual interaction) between particles, here we study systematically and\nanalytically the impacts of the exchange interaction, that arises from the\nparticle indistinguishability. We show that this interaction leads an\noverwhelming number of Fock states to exhibit a structure, that can be resolved\nonly by observables adjusted according to system's dynamical properties and\nfrom which thermal distributions emerge. This hidden thermal structure in Fock\nspace is found to be related to the so-called limit shape of random geometric\nobjects in mathematics. The structure enables us to uncover, for both ideal and\nnonideal Fermi gases, new mechanisms for the emergence of quantum statistical\nmechanics from individual eigenstates.",
        "positive": "Exchange fluctuation theorem for heat transport between multi-terminal\n  harmonic systems: We study full counting statistics for transferred heat and entropy production\nbetween multi-terminal systems in absence of a finite junction. The systems are\nmodelled as collections of coupled harmonic oscillators which are kept at\ndifferent equilibrium temperatures and are connected via arbitrary time\ndependent couplings. Following consistent quantum framework and two-time\nmeasurement concept we obtain analytical expressions for the generalized\ncumulant generating function. We discuss transient and steady-state fluctuation\ntheorems for the transferred quantities. We also address the effect of coupling\nstrength on the exchange fluctuation theorem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tricriticality in the $q$-neighbor Ising model on a partially duplex\n  clique: We analyze a modified kinetic Ising model, so called $q$-neighbor Ising\nmodel, with Metropolis dynamics, [Phys. Rev. E 92, 052105], on a duplex clique\nand a partially duplex clique. In the $q$-neighbor Ising model each spin\ninteracts only with $q$ spins randomly chosen from its whole neighborhood. In\nthe case of a duplex clique the change of a spin is allowed only if both levels\nsimultaneously induce this change. Due to the mean-field like nature of the\nmodel we are able to derive the analytic form of transition probabilities and\nsolve the corresponding master equation. The existence of the second level\nchanges dramatically the character of the phase transition. In the case of the\nmonoplex clique, the $q$-neighbor Ising model exhibits continuous phase\ntransition for $q=3$, discontinuous phase transition for $q \\ge 4$ and for\n$q=1$ and $q=2$ the phase transition is not observed. On the other hand, in the\ncase of the duplex clique continuous phase transitions are observed for all\nvalues of $q$, even for $q=1$ and $q=2$. Subsequently we introduce a partially\nduplex clique, parametrized by $r \\in [0,1]$, which allows us to tune the\nnetwork from monoplex ($r=0$) to duplex ($r=1$). Such a generalized topology,\nin which a fraction $r$ of all nodes appear on both levels, allows to obtain\nthe critical value of $r=r^*(q)$ at which a tricriticality (switch from\ncontinuous to discontinuous phase transition) appears.",
        "positive": "Variations of parameters in nucleation process under different external\n  conditions: The nucleation process under different external conditions is considered. It\nis shown that the duration of this process can be connected with the\nmicroscopic corrections to the free energy of the critical embryo. Connection\nbetween variations in the value of the critical embryo free energy and the\nduration of the nucleation stage is given for several types of external\nconditions. This connection is in some cases reciprocal to uncertainty relation\nin quantum theory. In Appendix the derivation of main features of the general\ntheory on the base of restrictions coming from the possibility of effective and\nstable observations is given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From explosive to infinite-order transitions on a hyperbolic network: We analyze the phase transitions that emerge from the recursive design of\ncertain hyperbolic networks that includes, for instance, a discontinuous\n(\"explosive\") transition in ordinary percolation. To this end, we solve the\n$q$-state Potts model in the analytic continuation for non-integer $q$ with the\nreal-space renormalization group. We find exact expressions for this\none-parameter family of models that describe the dramatic transformation of the\ntransition. In particular, this variation in $q$ shows that the discontinuous\ntransition is generic in the regime $q<2$ that includes percolation. A\ncontinuous ferromagnetic transition is recovered in a singular manner only for\nthe Ising model, $q=2$. For $q>2$ the transition immediately transforms into an\ninfinitely smooth order parameter of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT)\ntype.",
        "positive": "Systematic Improvement of Classical Nucleation Theory: We reconsider the applicability of classical nucleation theory (CNT) to the\ncalculation of the free energy of solid cluster formation in a liquid and its\nuse to the evaluation of interface free energies from nucleation barriers.\nUsing two different freezing transitions (hard spheres and NaCl) as test cases,\nwe first observe that the interface-free-energy estimates based on CNT are\ngenerally in error. As successive refinements of nucleation-barrier theory, we\nconsider corrections due to a non-sharp solid-liquid interface and to a\nnon-spherical cluster shape. Extensive calculations for the Ising model show\nthat corrections due to a non-sharp and thermally fluctuating interface account\nfor the barrier shape with excellent accuracy. The experimental solid\nnucleation rates that are measured in colloids are better accounted for by\nthese non-CNT terms, whose effect appears to be crucial in the interpretation\nof data and in the extraction of the interface tension from them."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superfluid critical temperature in 3D Fermi gas with repulsion: The critical temperature of a superfluid phase transition in a Fermi gas with\nrepulsive interaction is found. The influence of a magnetic field on the\ntransition is analyzed. The estimates for the critical temperature for a\ntrapped gas of $^6$Li atoms and $^3$He--$^4$He mixtures are presented.",
        "positive": "The power of a critical heat engine: Since its inception about two centuries ago thermodynamics has sparkled\ncontinuous interest and fundamental questions. According to the second law no\nheat engine can have an efficiency larger than Carnot's efficiency. The latter\ncan be achieved by the Carnot engine, which however ideally operates in\ninfinite time, hence delivers null power. A currently open question is whether\nthe Carnot efficiency can be achieved at finite power. Most of the previous\nworks addressed this question within the Onsager matrix formalism of linear\nresponse theory. Here we pursue a different route based on finite-size-scaling\ntheory. We focus on quantum Otto engines and show that when the working\nsubstance is at the verge of a second order phase transition diverging energy\nfluctuations can enable approaching the Carnot point without sacrificing power.\nThe rate of such approach is dictated by the critical indices, thus showing the\nuniversal character of our analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical exponent \u03b7_\u03c6of the Lattice London Superconductor and\n  vortex loops in the 3D XY model: The anomalous dimension of the lattice London superconductor is determined\nfrom finite size scaling of the susceptibility to be \\eta_\\phi = -0.79(1).\nIndirect determinations of \\eta_\\phi from properties of the vortex loops in the\n3D XY model are also attempted, but it is found that the results are sensitive\nto details in the simulations related to vortex loop intersections. It is\nsuggested that the same value of \\eta_\\phi can at most be obtained from vortex\nloop properties in the limit of low vortex density.",
        "positive": "Exploring Percolative Landscapes: Infinite Cascades of Geometric Phase\n  Transitions: The evolution of many kinetic processes in 1+1 (space-time) dimensions\nresults in 2d directed percolative landscapes. The active phases of these\nmodels possess numerous hidden geometric orders characterized by various types\nof large-scale and/or coarse-grained percolative backbones that we define. For\nthe patterns originated in the classical directed percolation (DP) and contact\nprocess (CP) we show from the Monte-Carlo simulation data that these\npercolative backbones emerge at specific critical points as a result of\ncontinuous phase transitions. These geometric transitions belong to the DP\nuniversality class and their nonlocal order parameters are the capacities of\ncorresponding backbones. The multitude of conceivable percolative backbones\nimplies the existence of infinite cascades of such geometric transitions in the\nkinetic processes considered. We present simple arguments to support the\nconjecture that such cascades of transitions is a generic feature of\npercolation as well as many others transitions with nonlocal order parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Logarithmic coarsening and glassy behavior in a polymer model with\n  mass-dependent diffusion: We present a model of polymer growth and diffusion with frustration\nmechanisms for density increase and with diffusion rates of Arrhenius form with\nmass-dependent energy barriers Gamma(m) ~ (m-1)^gamma. It shows non-universal\nlogarithmic coarsening involving the exponent gamma. Strong-glass behavior is\nfound in the typical times for disappearance of all polymers up to a given\nlength, without reference to the equilibrium states of the macroscopic system.\nThese features are predicted by numerical simulations, scaling theories and an\nanalytic solution of the master equation within an independent interval\napproximation, which also provides the cluster size distribution.",
        "positive": "Roton-Phonon Interactions in Superfluid 4He: High-resolution neutron resonance spin-echo measurements of superfluid 4He\nshow that the roton energy does not have the same temperature dependence as the\ninverse lifetime. Diagrammatic analysis attributes this to the interaction of\nrotons with thermally excited phonons via both four- and three-particle\nprocesses, the latter being allowed by the broken gauge symmetry of the Bose\ncondensate. The distinct temperature dependence of the roton energy at low\ntemperatures suggests that the net roton-phonon interaction is repulsive."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Current in coherent quantum systems connected to mesoscopic Fermi\n  reservoirs: We study particle current in a recently proposed model for coherent quantum\ntransport. In this model a system connected to mesoscopic Fermi reservoirs\n(meso-reservoir) is driven out of equilibrium by the action of super reservoirs\nthermalized to prescribed temperatures and chemical potentials by a simple\ndissipative mechanism described by the Lindblad equation. We compare exact\n(numerical) results with theoretical expectations based on the Landauer formula",
        "positive": "On Kinetic Theory of Energy Losses in Randomly Heterogeneous Medium: We derive equation describing distribution of energy losses of the particle\npropagating in fractal medium with quenched and dynamic heterogeneities. We\nshow that in the case of the medium with fractal dimension $2<D<3$ the losses\n$\\Delta$ are characterized by the sublinear anomalous dependence $\\Delta\\sim\nx^{\\alpha}$ with power-law dependence on the distance $x$ from the surface and\nexponent $\\alpha=D-2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enhancing Monte Carlo methods by using a generalized fluctuation theory: According to the recently obtained thermodynamic uncertainty relation, the\nmicrocanonical regions with a negative heat capacity can be accessed within a\ncanonical-like description by using a thermostat with a fluctuating inverse\ntemperature. This far-reaching conclusion is used in this Letter for enhancing\nthe potentialities of the well-known Swendsen-Wang cluster algorithm in order\nto access to the anomalous microcanonical states of the q=10 state Potts model\non a square lattice, which exhibits a first-order phase transition in its\nthermodynamical description.",
        "positive": "Ground states of lattice gases with ``almost'' convex repulsive\n  interactions: To our best knowledge there is only one example of a lattice system with\nlong-range two-body interactions whose ground states have been determined\nexactly: the one-dimensional lattice gas with purely repulsive and strictly\nconvex interactions. Its ground-state particle configurations do not depend on\nthe rate of decay of the interactions and are known as the generalized Wigner\nlattices or the most homogenenous particle configurations. The question of\nstability of this beautiful and universal result against certain perturbations\nof the repulsive and convex interactions seems to be interesting by itself.\nAdditional motivations for studying such perturbations come from surface\nphysics (adsorbtion on crystal surfaces) and theories of correlated fermion\nsystems (recent results on ground-state particle configurations of the\none-dimensional spinless Falicov-Kimball model).\n  As a first step we have studied a one-dimensional lattice gas whose two-body\ninteractions are repulsive and strictly convex only from distance 2 on while\nits value at distance 1 is fixed near its value at infinity. We show that such\na modification makes the ground-state particle configurations sensitive to the\ndecay rate of the interactions: if it is fast enough, then particles form\n2-particle lattice-connected aggregates that are distributed in the most\nhomogeneous way. Consequently, despite breaking of the convexity property, the\nground state exibits the feature known as the complete devil's staircase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large-scale fluctuations of the largest Lyapunov exponent in diffusive\n  systems: We present a general formalism for computing the largest Lyapunov exponent\nand its fluctuations in spatially extended systems described by diffusive\nfluctuating hydrodynamics, thus extending the concepts of dynamical system\ntheory to a broad range of non-equilibrium systems. Our analytical results\ncompare favourably with simulations of a lattice model of heat conduction. We\nfurther show how the computation of the Lyapunov exponent for the Symmetric\nSimple Exclusion Process relates to damage spreading and to a two-species pair\nannihilation process, for which our formalism yields new finite size results.",
        "positive": "Remarks about the Phase Transitions within the Microcanonical\n  description: According to the reparametrization invariance of the microcanonical ensemble,\nthe only microcanonically relevant phase transitions are those involving an\nergodicity breaking in the thermodynamic limit: the zero-order phase\ntransitions and the continuous phase transitions. We suggest that the\nmicrocanonically relevant phase transitions are not associated directly with\ntopological changes in the configurational space as the Topological Hypothesis\nclaims, instead, they could be related with topological changes of certain\nsubset A of the configurational space in which the system dynamics is\neffectively trapped in the thermodynamic limit N&#8594;&#8734;."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Moments of Wishart-Laguerre and Jacobi ensembles of random matrices:\n  application to the quantum transport problem in chaotic cavities: We collect explicit and user-friendly expressions for one-point densities of\nthe real eigenvalues $\\{\\lambda_i\\}$ of $N\\times N$ Wishart-Laguerre and Jacobi\nrandom matrices with orthogonal, unitary and symplectic symmetry. Using these\nformulae, we compute integer moments $\\tau_n=<\\sum_{i=1}^N\\lambda_i^n>$ for all\nsymmetry classes without any large $N$ approximation. In particular, our\nresults provide exact expressions for moments of transmission eigenvalues in\nchaotic cavities with time-reversal or spin-flip symmetry and supporting a\nfinite and arbitrary number of electronic channels in the two incoming leads.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of Model C in the parametric space of order parameter and\n  space dimensions: The scaling behavior of model C describing the dynamical behaviour of the\n$n$-component nonconserved order parameter coupled statically to a scalar\nconserved density is considered in $d$-dimensional space. Conditions for the\nrealization of different types of scaling regimes in the $(n,d)$ plane are\nstudied within the field-theoretical renormalization group approach. Borders\nseparating these regions are calculated on the base of high-order RG functions\nusing $\\epsilon$-expansions as well as by fixed dimension $d$ approach with\nresummation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tricritical Points and Liquid-Solid Critical Lines: Tricritical points separate continuous and discontinuous symmetry breaking\ntransitions. They occur in a variety of physical systems and their mathematical\nmodels. A tricritical point is used to determine a liquid-solid phase\ntransition line in the pressure-temperature plane [Aitta, J. Stat. Mech.,\n2006]. Excellent experimental agreement has been obtained for iron, the\nmaterial having the most high pressure data. This allows extrapolation to much\nhigher pressures and temperatures than available experimentally. One can\npredict the temperature at the liquid-solid boundary in the core of the Earth\nwhere the pressure is 329 GPa. Light matter, present as impurities in the core\nfluid, is found to generate about a 600 K reduction of this temperature.",
        "positive": "Scanning the critical fluctuations -- application to the phenomenology\n  of the two-dimensional XY-model --: We show how applying field conjugated to the order parameter, may act as a\nvery precise probe to explore the probability distribution function of the\norder parameter. Using this `magnetic-field scanning' on large-scale numerical\nsimulations of the critical 2D XY-model, we are able to discard the conjectured\ndouble-exponential form of the large-magnetization asymptote."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Hydrodynamic model for a dynamical jammed-to-flowing transition in\n  gravity driven granular media: Granular material on an inclined plane will flow like a fluid if the angle\n$\\theta$ the plane makes with the horizontal is large enough. We employ a\nmodification of a hydrodynamic model introduced previously to describe Couette\nflow experiments to describe chute flow down a plane. In this geometry, our\nmodel predicts a jammed-to-flowing transition as $\\theta$ is increased even\nthough it does not include solid friction, which might seem necessary to\nstabilize a state without flow. The transition is driven by coupling between\nmean and fluctuating velocity. In agreement with experiments and simulations,\nit predicts flow for layers with a thickness H larger than a critical value\n$H_{\\rm stop}(\\theta)$ and absence of flow for $H<H_{\\rm stop}(\\theta)$.",
        "positive": "Dynamic scaling, data-collapse and self-similarity in\n  Barab\u00e1si-Albert networks: In this article, we show that if each node of the Barab\\'{a}si-Albert (BA)\nnetwork is characterized by the generalized degree $q$, i.e. the product of\ntheir degree $k$ and the square root of their respective birth time, then the\ndistribution function $F(q,t)$ exhibits dynamic scaling $F(q,t\\rightarrow\n\\infty)\\sim t^{-1/2}\\phi(q/t^{1/2})$ where $\\phi(x)$ is the scaling function.\nWe verified it by showing that a series of distinct $F(q,t)$ vs $q$ curves for\ndifferent network sizes $N$ collapse onto a single universal curve if we plot\n$t^{1/2}F(q,t)$ vs $q/t^{1/2}$ instead. Finally, we show that the BA network\nfalls into two universality classes depending on whether new nodes arrive with\nsingle edge ($m=1$) or with multiple edges ($m>1$)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simulation on vertically shaken granular layers: A hybrid model of molecular dynamics and continuum mechanics is introduced to\nstudy a system of vertically shaken granular layers. Despite the simplicity the\nmodel shows pattern formation in the granular layers due to the formation of\nheaplets. We show from a simple analysis that the onset of pattern formation is\ndensity dependent and this result is justified by the subsequent computer\nsimulations. Our simulations also show that the heaping process can be divided\ninto three stages: an early stationary stage, an intermediate growing stage and\na late-time saturated stage. In the early stage, the average volume of the\nheaplets remains almost unchanged until the system crosses over to the\nintermediate growing stage. The length of time that system remains in the early\nstage defines the onset time of the instabilities, $k_0$ which depends on the\nshaking intensity, $\\gamma$. In the growing stage, the average volume of the\nheaplets grows with time and can be approximated by a power law with a shaking\nintensity dependent growth exponent, $z$. From our simulation, we show that the\ngrowth exponent, $z$ depends linearly on the shaking intensity, $\\gamma$. There\nis a critical shaking intensity $\\gamma_c \\simeq 14$, such that for shaking\nintensities greater than $\\gamma_c$, $z$ cannot be properly defined. The\nlate-time saturated stage is where most of the particles are trapped in a big\nheap and this big heap is in equilibrium with the surrounding granular gas.",
        "positive": "Scaling of Horizontal and Vertical Fixational Eye Movements: Eye movements during fixation of a stationary target prevent the adaptation\nof the photoreceptors to continuous illumination and inhibit fading of the\nimage. These random, involuntary, small, movements are restricted at long time\nscales so as to keep the target at the center of the field of view. Here we use\nthe Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) in order to study the properties of\nfixational eye movements at different time scales. Results show different\nscaling behavior between horizontal and vertical movements. When the small\nballistics movements, i.e. micro-saccades, are removed, the scaling exponents\nin both directions become similar. Our findings suggest that micro-saccades\nenhance the persistence at short time scales mostly in the horizontal component\nand much less in the vertical component. This difference may be due to the need\nof continuously moving the eyes in the horizontal plane, in order to match the\nstereoscopic image for different viewing distance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Revisiting (logarithmic) scaling relations using renormalization group: We explicitly compute the critical exponents associated with logarithmic\ncorrections (the so-called hatted exponents) starting from the renormalization\ngroup equations and the mean field behavior for a wide class of models at the\nupper critical behavior (for short and long range $\\phi^n$-theories) and below\nit. This allows us to check the scaling relations among these critical\nexponents obtained by analysing the complex singularities (Lee-Yang and Fisher\nzeroes) of these models. Moreover, we have obtained an explicit method to\ncompute the $\\hat{\\coppa}$ exponent [defined by $\\xi\\sim L (\\log\nL)^{\\hat{\\coppa}}$] and, finally, we have found a new derivation of the scaling\nlaw associated with it.",
        "positive": "Renormalization Group, hidden symmetries and approximate Ward identities\n  in the XYZ model, I: Using renormalization group methods, we study the Heisenberg-Ising XYZ chain\nin an external magnetic field directed as the z axis, in the case of small\ncoupling J_3 in the z direction. We study the asymptotic behaviour of the spin\nspace-time correlation function in the direction of the magnetic field and the\nsingularities of its Fourier transform.\n  The work is organized in two parts. In the present paper an expansion for the\nground state energy and the effective potential is derived, which is convergent\nif the running coupling constants are small enough. In the subsequent paper, by\nusing hidden symmetries of the model, we show that this condition is indeed\nverified, if J_3 is small enough, and we derive an expansion for the spin\ncorrelation function. We also prove, by means of an approximate Ward identity,\nthat a critical index, related with the asymptotic behaviour of the correlation\nfunction, is exactly vanishing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nondivergent and negative susceptibilities around critical points of a\n  long-range Hamiltonian system with two order parameters: The linear response is investigated in a long-range Hamiltonian system from\nthe view point of dynamics, which is described by the Vlasov equation in the\nlimit of large population. Due to existence of the Casimir invariants of the\nVlasov dynamics, an external field does not drive the system to the forced\nthermal equilibrium in general, and the linear response is suppressed. With the\naid of a linear response theory based on the Vlasov dynamics, we compute the\nsuppressed linear response in a system having two order parameters, which\nintroduce the conjugate two external fields and the susceptibility matrix of\nsize two accordingly. Moreover, the two order parameters bring three phases and\nthe three types of second-order phase transitions between two of them. For each\ntype of the phase transitions, all the critical exponents for elements of the\nsusceptibility matrix are computed. The critical exponents reveal that some\nelements of the matrices do not diverge even at critical points, while the\nmean-field theory predicts divergences. The linear response theory also\nsuggests appearance of negative off-diagonal elements, in other words, an\napplied external field decreases the value of an order parameter. These\ntheoretical predictions are confirmed by direct numerical simulations of the\nVlasov equation.",
        "positive": "Quasi-phases and pseudo-transitions in one-dimensional models with\n  nearest neighbor interactions: There are some particular one-dimensional models, such as the\nIsing-Heisenberg spin models with a variety of chain structures, which exhibit\nunexpected behaviors quite similar to the first and second order phase\ntransition, which could be confused naively with an authentic phase transition.\nThrough the analysis of the first derivative of free energy, such as entropy,\nmagnetization, and internal energy, a \"sudden\" jump that closely resembles a\nfirst-order phase transition at finite temperature occurs. However, by\nanalyzing the second derivative of free energy, such as specific heat and\nmagnetic susceptibility at finite temperature, it behaves quite similarly to a\nsecond-order phase transition exhibiting an astonishingly sharp and fine peak.\nThe correlation length also confirms the evidence of this pseudo-transition\ntemperature, where a sharp peak occurs at the pseudo-critical temperature. We\nalso present the necessary conditions for the emergence of these quasi-phases\nand pseudo-transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multilayer Graphene as an Endoreversible Otto Engine: Graphene is perhaps the most prominent \"Dirac material,\" a class of systems\nwhose electronic structure gives rise to charge carriers that behave as\nrelativistic fermions. In multilayer graphene several crystal sheets are\nstacked such that the honeycomb lattice of each layer is displaced along one of\nthe lattice edges. When subject to an external magnetic field, the scaling of\nthe multilayer energy spectrum with the magnetic field, and thus the system's\nthermodynamic behavior, depends strongly on the number of layers. With this in\nmind, we examine the performance of a finite-time endoreversible Otto cycle\nwith multilayer graphene as its working medium. We show that there exists a\nsimple relationship between the engine efficiency and the number of layers, and\nthat the efficiency at maximum power can exceed that of a classical\nendoreversible Otto cycle.",
        "positive": "Phase Transitions between Different Spin-Glass Phases and between\n  Different Chaoses in Quenched Random Chiral Systems: The left-right chiral and ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic double spin-glass\nclock model, with the crucially even number of states q=4 and in three\ndimensions d=3, has been studied by renormalization-group theory. We find, for\nthe first time to our knowledge, four different spin-glass phases, including\nconventional, chiral, and quadrupolar spin-glass phases, and phase transitions\nbetween spin-glass phases. The chaoses, in the different spin-glass phases and\nin the phase transitions of the spin-glass phases with the other spin-glass\nphases, with the non-spin-glass ordered phases, and with the disordered phase,\nare determined and quantified by Lyapunov exponents. It is seen that the chiral\nspin-glass phase is the most chaotic spin-glass phase. The calculated phase\ndiagram is also otherwise very rich, including regular and temperature-inverted\ndevil's staircases and reentrances."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in thin films: A Monte Carlo study of\n  three-dimensional lattice models: We study the phase transition of thin films in the three-dimensional XY\nuniversality class. To this end, we perform a Monte Carlo study of the improved\ntwo-component \\phi^4 model, the improved dynamically diluted XY model and the\nstandard XY model on the simple cubic lattice. We study films of a thickness up\nto L_0=32 lattice spacings. In the short direction of the lattice free boundary\nconditions are employed. Using a finite size scaling (FSS) method, proposed\nrecently, we determine the transition temperature with high accuracy. The\neffectively two-dimensional finite size scaling behaviour of the Binder\ncumulant U_4, the second moment correlation length over the lattice size\n\\xi_{2nd}/L, the ratio of the partition functions with anti-periodic and\nperiodic boundary conditions Z_a/Z_p and the helicity modulus \\Upsilon clearly\nconfirm the Kosterlitz-Thouless nature of the transition. We analyse the\nscaling of the transition temperature with the thickness L_0 of the film. The\npredictions of the renormalization group (RG) theory are confirmed. We compute\nthe universal ratio of the thickness of the film L_0 and the transversal\ncorrelation length \\xi_T in the three-dimensional thermodynamic limit at the\nKosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature of a film of thickness L_0:\n[L_{0,KT}/\\xi_T]^* = 1.595(7). This results can be compared with experimental\nresults on thin films of 4He near the \\lambda-transition.",
        "positive": "Boltzmann machines as two-dimensional tensor networks: Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) and deep Boltzmann machines (DBM) are\nimportant models in machine learning, and recently found numerous applications\nin quantum many-body physics. We show that there are fundamental connections\nbetween them and tensor networks. In particular, we demonstrate that any RBM\nand DBM can be exactly represented as a two-dimensional tensor network. This\nrepresentation gives an understanding of the expressive power of RBM and DBM\nusing entanglement structures of the tensor networks, also provides an\nefficient tensor network contraction algorithm for the computing partition\nfunction of RBM and DBM. Using numerical experiments, we demonstrate that the\nproposed algorithm is much more accurate than the state-of-the-art machine\nlearning methods in estimating the partition function of restricted Boltzmann\nmachines and deep Boltzmann machines, and have potential applications in\ntraining deep Boltzmann machines for general machine learning tasks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glassy phases and driven response of the phase-field-crystal model with\n  random pinning: We study the structural correlations and the nonlinear response to a driving\nforce of a two-dimensional phase-field-crystal model with random pinning. The\nmodel provides an effective continuous description of lattice systems in the\npresence of disordered external pinning centers, allowing for both elastic and\nplastic deformations. We find that the phase-field crystal with disorder\nassumes an amorphous glassy ground state, with only short-ranged positional and\norientational correlations even in the limit of weak disorder. Under increasing\ndriving force, the pinned amorphous-glass phase evolves into a moving\nplastic-flow phase and then finally a moving smectic phase. The transverse\nresponse of the moving smectic phase shows a vanishing transverse critical\nforce for increasing system sizes.",
        "positive": "What do generalized entropies look like? An axiomatic approach for\n  complex, non-ergodic systems: Shannon and Khinchin showed that assuming four information theoretic axioms\nthe entropy must be of Boltzmann-Gibbs type, $S=-\\sum_i p_i \\log p_i$. Here we\nnote that in physical systems one of these axioms may be violated. For\nnon-ergodic systems the so called separation axiom (Shannon-Khinchin axiom 4)\nwill in general not be valid. We show that when this axiom is violated the\nentropy takes a more general form, $S_{c,d}\\propto \\sum_i ^W \\Gamma(d+1, 1- c\n\\log p_i)$, where $c$ and $d$ are scaling exponents and $\\Gamma(a,b)$ is the\nincomplete gamma function. The exponents $(c,d)$ define equivalence classes for\nall interacting and non interacting systems and unambiguously characterize any\nstatistical system in its thermodynamic limit. The proof is possible because of\ntwo newly discovered scaling laws which any entropic form has to fulfill, if\nthe first three Shannon-Khinchin axioms hold. $(c,d)$ can be used to define\nequivalence classes of statistical systems. A series of known entropies can be\nclassified in terms of these equivalence classes. We show that the\ncorresponding distribution functions are special forms of Lambert-${\\cal W}$\nexponentials containing -- as special cases -- Boltzmann, stretched exponential\nand Tsallis distributions (power-laws). In the derivation we assume trace form\nentropies, $S=\\sum_i g(p_i)$, with $g$ some function, however more general\nentropic forms can be classified along the same scaling analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Particle creation and annihilation in an exclusion process on networks: To mimic the complex transport-like collective phenomena in a man-made or\nnatural system, we study an open network junction model of totally asymmetric\nsimple exclusion process with bulk particle attachment and detachment. The\nstationary system properties such as particle density, phase transitions and\nphase diagrams are derived theoretically utilising the mean-field approach. The\nsteady-state phases have been categorized into various sub-classes based upon\nthe phase transitions occurring across the junction. It is found that the\nnumber of steady-state phases depends on the number of incoming and outgoing\nsegments at the junction. Further, an increase in the particle non-conserving\nrates significantly affects the topology of the phase diagram and the number of\nstationary phases changes in a non-monotonic way. For both the case of equal\nand unequal incoming and outgoing segments, the critical values of\nnon-conserving rates at which the topology of the phase diagram changes are\nidentified. The theoretical results are validated using extensive Monte Carlo\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Entanglement Thermodynamics: We investigate further the relationship between the entanglement spectrum of\na composite many-body system and the energy spectrum of a subsystem making use\nof concepts of canonical thermodynamics. In many important cases the\nentanglement Hamiltonian is, in the limit of strong coupling between\nsubsystems, proportional to the energy Hamiltonian of the subsystem. The\nproportionality factor is an appropriately defined coupling parameter,\nsuggesting to interpret the latter as a inverse temperature. We identify a\ncondition on the entanglement Hamiltonian which rigorously guarantees this\ninterpretation to hold and removes any ambiguity in the definition of the\nentanglement Hamiltonian regarding contributions proportional to the unit\noperator. Illustrations of our findings are provided by spin ladders of\narbitrary spin length, and by bilayer quantum Hall systems at total filling\nfactor nu=2. Within mean-field description, the latter system realizes an\nentanglement spectrum of free fermions with just two levels of equal modulus\nwhere the analogies to canonical thermodynamics are particularly close."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partition function for the two-dimensional square lattice Ising model in\n  a non-zero magnetic field-A heuristic analysis: The exact partition function of the two-dimensional nearest neighbour Ising\nmodel pertaining to square lattices is derived for N sites in the case of a\nnon-vanishing magnetic field.When the magnetic field is zero,the partition\nfunctions estimated from the present analysis are identical with those arising\nfrom Onsager's exact solution.",
        "positive": "Extraction of work from a single thermal bath in the quantum regime: The stationary state of a quantum particle strongly coupled to a quantum\nthermal bath is known to be non-gibbsian, due to entanglement with the bath.\nFor harmonic potentials, where the system can be described by effective\ntemperatures, thermodynamic relations are shown to take a generalized Gibbsian\nform, that may violate the Clausius inequality. For the weakly-anharmonic case\na Fokker-Planck type description is constructed. It is shown that then work can\nbe extracted from the bath by cyclic variation of a parameter. These apparent\nviolations of the second law are the consequence of quantum coherence in the\npresence of the slightly off-equilibrium nature of the bath."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Flows in Complex Networks: Theory, Algorithms, and Application to\n  Lennard-Jones Cluster Rearrangement: A set of analytical and computational tools based on transition path theory\n(TPT) is proposed to analyze flows in complex networks. Specifically, TPT is\nused to study the statistical properties of the reactive trajectories by which\ntransitions occur between specific groups of nodes on the network. Sampling\ntools are built upon the outputs of TPT that allow to generate these reactive\ntrajectories directly, or even transition paths that travel from one group of\nnodes to the other without making any detour and carry the same probability\ncurrent as the reactive trajectories. These objects permit to characterize the\nmechanism of the transitions, for example by quantifying the width of the tubes\nby which these transitions occur, the location and distribution of their\ndynamical bottlenecks, etc. These tools are applied to a network modeling the\ndynamics of the Lennard-Jones cluster with 38 atoms (LJ38) and used to\nunderstand the mechanism by which this cluster rearranges itself between its\ntwo most likely states at various temperatures.",
        "positive": "Role of conserved quantities in normal heat transport in one dimenison: Although one-dimensional systems that exhibit translational symmetry are\ngenerally believed to exhibit anomalous heat transport, previous work has shown\nthat the model of coupled rotators on a one-dimensional lattice constitute a\npossible exception. We investigate the equilibrium spatiotemporal correlations\nof energy and momentum of the rotator model, and find that both these fields\ndiffuse normally. The normal diffusion is explained within the framework of\nstochastic hydrodynamics by observing that the angle variables do not\nconstitute a conserved field, which leads to the absence of long-wavelength\ncurrents in the system. As an outcome of our analysis, we propose some general\ncriteria for normal transport based on the existence of conservation laws."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic scaling in natural swarms: Collective behaviour in biological systems pitches us against theoretical\nchallenges way beyond the borders of ordinary statistical physics. The lack of\nconcepts like scaling and renormalization is particularly grievous, as it\nforces us to negotiate with scores of details whose relevance is often hard to\nassess. In an attempt to improve on this situation, we present here\nexperimental evidence of the emergence of dynamic scaling laws in natural\nswarms. We find that spatio-temporal correlation functions in different swarms\ncan be rescaled by using a single characteristic time, which grows with the\ncorrelation length with a dynamical critical exponent z~1. We run simulations\nof a model of self-propelled particles in its swarming phase and find z~2,\nsuggesting that natural swarms belong to a novel dynamic universality class.\nThis conclusion is strengthened by experimental evidence of non-exponential\nrelaxation and paramagnetic spin-wave remnants, indicating that previously\noverlooked inertial effects are needed to describe swarm dynamics. The absence\nof a purely relaxational regime suggests that natural swarms are subject to a\nnear-critical censorship of hydrodynamics.",
        "positive": "Directed polymers and Randomness: The effects of two types of randomness on the behaviour of directed polymers\nare discussed in this chapter. The first part deals with the effect of\nrandomness in medium so that a directed polymer feels a random external\npotential. The second part deals with the RANI model of two directed polymers\nwith heterogeneity along the chain such that the interaction is random. The\nrandom medium problem is better understood compared to the RANI model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Combination of improved multibondic method and the Wang-Landau method: We propose a method for Monte Carlo simulation of statistical physical models\nwith discretized energy. The method is based on several ideas including the\ncluster algorithm, the multicanonical Monte Carlo method and its acceleration\nproposed recently by Wang and Landau. As in the multibondic ensemble method\nproposed by Janke and Kappler, the present algorithm performs a random walk in\nthe space of the bond population to yield the state density as a function of\nthe bond number. A test on the Ising model shows that the number of Monte Carlo\nsweeps required of the present method for obtaining the density of state with a\ngiven accuracy is proportional to the system size, whereas it is proportional\nto the system size squared for other conventional methods. In addition, the new\nmethod shows a better performance than the original Wang-Landau method in\nmeasurement of physical quantities.",
        "positive": "The complex scaling behavior of non--conserved self--organized critical\n  systems: The Olami--Feder--Christensen earthquake model is often considered the\nprototype dissipative self--organized critical model. It is shown that the size\ndistribution of events in this model results from a complex interplay of\nseveral different phenomena, including limited floating--point precision.\nParallels between the dynamics of synchronized regions and those of a system\nwith periodic boundary conditions are pointed out, and the asymptotic avalanche\nsize distribution is conjectured to be dominated by avalanches of size one,\nwith the weight of larger avalanches converging towards zero as the system size\nincreases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Glass Transition and the Jarzynski Equality: A simple model featuring a double well potential is used to represent a\nliquid that is quenched from an ergodic state into a history dependent glassy\nstate. Issues surrounding the application of the Jarzynski Equality to glass\nformation are investigated. We demonstrate that the Jarzynski Equality gives\nthe free energy difference between the initial state and the state we would\nobtain if the glass relaxed to true thermodynamic equilibrium. We derive new\nvariations of the Jarzynski Equality which are relevant to the history\ndependent glassy state rather than the underlying equilibrium state. It is\nshown how to compute the free energy differences for the nonequilibrium history\ndependent glassy state such that it remains consistent with the standard\nexpression for the entropy and with the second law inequality.",
        "positive": "Fermionic Integrals and Analytic Solutions for Two-Dimensional Ising\n  Models: We review some aspects of the fermionic interpretation of the two-dimensional\nIsing model. The use is made of the notion of the integral over the\nanticommuting Grassmann variables. For simple and more complicated 2D Ising\nlattices, the partition function can be expressed as a fermionic Gaussian\nintegral. Equivalently, the 2D Ising model can be reformulated as a\nfree-fermion theory on a lattice. For regular lattices, the analytic solution\nthen readily follows by passing to the momentum space for fermions. We also\ncomment on the effective field-theoretical (continuum-limit) fermionic\nformulations for the 2D Ising models near the critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Clock Monte Carlo methods: We propose the clock Monte Carlo technique for sampling each successive chain\nstep in constant time. It is built on a recently proposed factorized transition\nfilter and its core features include its O(1) computational complexity and its\ngenerality. We elaborate how it leads to the clock factorized Metropolis (clock\nFMet) method, and discuss its application in other update schemes. By grouping\ninteraction terms into boxes of tunable sizes, we further formulate a variant\nof the clock FMet algorithm, with the limiting case of a single box reducing to\nthe standard Metropolis method. A theoretical analysis shows that an overall\nacceleration of ${\\rm O}(N^\\kappa)$ ($0 \\! \\leq \\! \\kappa \\! \\leq \\! 1$) can be\nachieved compared to the Metropolis method, where $N$ is the system size and\nthe $\\kappa$ value depends on the nature of the energy extensivity. As a\nsystematic test, we simulate long-range O$(n)$ spin models in a wide parameter\nregime: for $n \\! = \\! 1,2,3$, with disordered algebraically decaying or\noscillatory Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida-type interactions and with and\nwithout external fields, and in spatial dimensions from $d \\! = \\! 1, 2, 3$ to\nmean-field. The O(1) computational complexity is demonstrated, and the expected\nacceleration is confirmed. Its flexibility and its independence from the\ninteraction range guarantee that the clock method would find decisive\napplications in systems with many interaction terms.",
        "positive": "Fractional Brownian motors and Stochastic Resonance: We study fluctuating tilt Brownian ratchets based on fractional subdiffusion\nin sticky viscoelastic media characterized by a power law memory kernel. Unlike\nthe normal diffusion case the rectification effect vanishes in the\nadiabatically slow modulation limit and optimizes in a driving frequency range.\nIt is shown also that anomalous rectification effect is maximal (stochastic\nresonance effect) at optimal temperature and can exhibit a surprisingly good\nquality. Moreover, subdiffusive current can flow in the counter-intuitive\ndirection upon a change of temperature or driving frequency. The dependence of\nanomalous transport on load exhibits a remarkably simple universality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical computation of rare events via large deviation theory: An overview of rare events algorithms based on large deviation theory (LDT)\nis presented. It covers a range of numerical schemes to compute the large\ndeviation minimizer in various setups, and discusses best practices, common\npitfalls, and implementation trade-offs. Generalizations, extensions, and\nimprovements of the minimum action methods are proposed. These algorithms are\ntested on example problems which illustrate several common difficulties which\narise e.g. when the forcing is degenerate or multiplicative, or the systems are\ninfinite-dimensional. Generalizations to processes driven by non-Gaussian\nnoises or random initial data and parameters are also discussed, along with the\nconnection between the LDT-based approach reviewed here and other methods, such\nas stochastic field theory and optimal control. Finally, the integration of\nthis approach in importance sampling methods using e.g. genealogical algorithms\nis explored.",
        "positive": "Percolation thresholds for discrete-continuous models with non-uniform\n  probabilities of bond formation: We consider a family of percolation models in which geometry and connectivity\nare defined by two independent random processes. Such models merge\ncharacteristics of discrete and continuous percolation. We develop an algorithm\nallowing effective computation of both universal and modelspecific percolation\nquantities in the case when both random processes are Poisson processes. The\nalgorithm extends percolation algorithm by Newman and Ziff (M.E.J. Newman and\nR.M. Ziff, Phys Rev E, 64(1):016706, 2001) to handle inhomogeneous lattices. In\nparticular, we use the proposed method to compute critical exponents and\ncluster density distribution in two and three dimensions for the model of\nparallel random tubes connected randomly by bonds, which models the\nconnectivity properties of activated carbon."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusive transport in networks built of containers and tubes: We developed analytical and numerical methods to study a transport of\nnon-interacting particles in large networks consisting of M d-dimensional\ncontainers C_1,...,C_M with radii R_i linked together by tubes of length l_{ij}\nand radii a_{ij} where i,j=1,2,...,M. Tubes may join directly with each other\nforming junctions. It is possible that some links are absent. Instead of\nsolving the diffusion equation for the full problem we formulated an approach\nthat is computationally more efficient. We derived a set of rate equations that\ngovern the time dependence of the number of particles in each container\nN_1(t),N_2(t),...,N_M(t). In such a way the complicated transport problem is\nreduced to a set of M first order integro-differential equations in time, which\ncan be solved efficiently by the algorithm presented here. The workings of the\nmethod have been demonstrated on a couple of examples: networks involving\nthree, four and seven containers, and one network with a three-point junction.\nAlready simple networks with relatively few containers exhibit interesting\ntransport behavior. For example, we showed that it is possible to adjust the\ngeometry of the networks so that the particle concentration varies in time in a\nwave-like manner. Such behavior deviates from simple exponential growth and\ndecay occurring in the two container system.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium mode-coupling theory for uniformly sheared underdamped\n  systems: Nonequilibrium mode-coupling theory (MCT) for uniformly sheared underdamped\nsystems is developed, starting from the microscopic thermostatted SLLOD\nequation, and the corresponding Liouville equation. Special attention is paid\nto the translational invariance in the sheared frame, which requires an\nappropriate definition of the transient time-correlators. The derived MCT\nequation satisfies the alignment of the wavevectors, and is manifestly\ntranslationally invariant. Isothermal condition is implemented by the\nintroduction of the current fluctuation in the dissipative coupling to the\nthermostat. This current fluctation grows in the $\\alpha$-relaxation regime,\nwhich generates a deviation of the yield stress in the glassy phase from the\noverdamped case. Response to a perturbation of the shear rate demonstrates an\ninertia effect which is not observed in the overdamped case. Our theory turns\nout to be a non-trivial extension of the theory by Fuchs and Cates (J. Rheol.\n53(4), 2009) to underdamped systems. Since our starting point is identical to\nthat by Chong and Kim (Phys. Rev. E 79, 2009), the contradictions between\nFuchs-Cates and Chong-Kim are resolved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On Uniqueness of \"SDE Decomposition\" in A-type Stochastic Integration: An innovative theoretical framework for stochastic dynamics based on a\ndecomposition of a stochastic differential equation (SDE) has been developed\nwith an evident advantage in connecting deterministic and stochastic dynamics,\nas well as useful applications in physics, engineering, chemistry and biology.\nIt introduces the A-type stochastic integration for SDE beyond traditional\nIto's or Stratonovich's interpretation. Serious question on its uniqueness was\nrecently raised. We provide here both mathematical and physical demonstrations\nthat the uniqueness is guaranteed. Such discussion leads to a better\nunderstanding on the robustness of the novel framework. We also discuss the\nlimitation of a related approach of obtaining potential function from steady\nstate distribution.",
        "positive": "Greedy algorithms and Zipf laws: We consider a simple model of firm/city/etc. growth based on a multi-item\ncriterion: whenever entity B fares better that entity A on a subset of $M$\nitems out of $K$, the agent originally in A moves to B. We solve the model\nanalytically in the cases $K=1$ and $K \\to \\infty$. The resulting stationary\ndistribution of sizes is generically a Zipf-law provided $M > K/2$. When $M\n\\leq K/2$, no selection occurs and the size distribution remains thin-tailed.\nIn the special case $M=K$, one needs to regularise the problem by introducing a\nsmall \"default\" probability $\\phi$. We find that the stationary distribution\nhas a power-law tail that becomes a Zipf-law when $\\phi \\to 0$. The approach to\nthe stationary state can also been characterized, with strong similarities with\na simple \"aging\" model considered by Barrat & M\\'ezard."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Excluded Volume Effects in Gene Stretching: We investigate the effects excluded volume on the stretching of a single DNA\nin solution. We find that for small force F, the extension h is not linear in F\nbut proportion to F^{\\chi}, with \\chi=(1-\\nu)/\\nu, where \\nu is the well-known\nuniversal correlation length exponent. A freely joint chain model with the\nsegment length chosen to reproduce the small extension behavior gives excellent\nfit to the experimental data of \\lambda-Phage DNA over the whole experimental\nrange. We show that excluded volume effects are stronger in two dimensions and\nalso derive results in two dimensions which are different from the three\ndimensional results. This suggests experiments to be performed in these lower\ndimensions.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation-induced spin nematic order in magnetic charge-ice: Disorder in materials may be used to tune their functionalities, but much\nmore strikingly, its presence can entail entirely new behavior. This happens in\ncharge-ice where structural disorder is not weak and local, but strong and\nlong-range correlated. Here, two cations of different charge occupy a\npyrochlore lattice, arranging themselves such that all tetrahedra host two\ncations of each type. The ensuing correlated disorder is characterized by\nrandomly packed loops of a single cation-type. If the cations are magnetic and\ninteract antiferromagnetically, a new type of magnet with strong interactions\nalong the loops, but frustrated interactions between loops, emerges. This\nresults in an ensemble of intertwined Heisenberg spin chains that form an\nalgebraic spin liquid at intermediate temperatures. At lower temperatures, we\nfind these non-local degrees of freedom undergo a discontinuous transition to a\nspin nematic. While this phase does not break time reversal symmetry, its spin\nsymmetry is reduced resulting in a dramatically slower spin relaxation. The\ntransition is sensitive to the statistics of the cation loops, providing both a\ndirect thermodynamic signature of otherwise elusive structural information and\na structural route to engineering nematic phase stability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On \"Ergodicity and Central Limit Theorem in Systems with Long-Range\n  Interactions\" by Figueiredo et al: In the present paper we refute the criticism advanced in a recent preprint by\nFigueiredo et al [1] about the possible application of the $q$-generalized\nCentral Limit Theorem (CLT) to a paradigmatic long-range-interacting many-body\nclassical Hamiltonian system, the so-called Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model.\nWe exhibit that, contrary to what is claimed by these authors and in accordance\nwith our previous results, $q$-Gaussian-like curves are possible and real\nattractors for a certain class of initial conditions, namely the one which\nproduces nontrivial longstanding quasi-stationary states before the arrival,\nonly for finite size, to the thermal equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Thermal conductivity for a chain of anharmonic oscillators perturbed by\n  a conservative noise: We consider $d$-dimensional chains of (an)harmonic oscillators we perturb by\na noise conserving energy or energy and momentum. We review the thermal\nconduction properties we obtained for these systems and conclude by several\nopen questions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reaching and violating thermodynamic uncertainty bounds in information\n  engines: Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) set fundamental bounds on the\nfluctuation and dissipation of stochastic systems. Here, we examine these\nbounds, in experiment and theory, by exploring the entire phase space of a\ncyclic information engine operating in a non-equilibrium steady state. Close to\nits maximal efficiency, we find that the engine violates the original TUR. This\nfirst experimental demonstration of TUR violation agrees with recently proposed\nsofter bounds: The engine satisfies two generalized TUR bounds derived from the\ndetailed fluctuation theorem with feedback control and another bound linking\nfluctuation and dissipation to mutual information and Renyi divergence. We\nexamine how the interplay of work fluctuation and dissipation shapes the\ninformation conversion efficiency of the engine, and find that dissipation is\nminimal at a finite noise level, where the original TUR is violated.",
        "positive": "Collisionless relaxation in gravitational systems: From violent\n  relaxation to gravothermal collapse: Theory and simulations are used to study collisionless relaxation of a\ngravitational $N$-body system. It is shown that when the initial one particle\ndistribution function satisfies the virial condition -- potential energy is\nminus twice the kinetic energy -- the system quickly relaxes to a metastable\nstate described {\\it quantitatively} by the Lynden-Bell distribution with a\ncutoff. If the initial distribution function does not meet the virial\nrequirement, the system undergoes violent oscillations, resulting in a partial\nevaporation of mass. The leftover particles phase separate into a core-halo\nstructure. The theory presented allows us to quantitatively predict the amount\nand the distribution of mass left in the central core, without any adjustable\nparameters. On a longer time scale $\\tau_G \\sim N$ collisionless relaxation\nleads to a gravothermal collapse."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ego-centered networks and the ripple effect: Recent work has demonstrated that many social networks, and indeed many\nnetworks of other types also, have broad distributions of vertex degree. Here\nwe show that this has a substantial impact on the shape of ego-centered\nnetworks, i.e., sets of network vertices that are within a given distance of a\nspecified central vertex, the ego. This in turn affects concepts and methods\nbased on ego-centered networks, such as snowball sampling and the \"ripple\neffect\". In particular, we argue that one's acquaintances, one's immediate\nneighbors in the acquaintance network, are far from being a random sample of\nthe population, and that this biases the numbers of neighbors two and more\nsteps away. We demonstrate this concept using data drawn from academic\ncollaboration networks, for which, as we show, current simple theories for the\ntypical size of ego-centered networks give numbers that differ greatly from\nthose measured in reality. We present an improved theoretical model which gives\nsignificantly better results.",
        "positive": "Universal Properties of a Run-and-Tumble Particle in Arbitrary Dimension: We consider an active run-and-tumble particle (RTP) in $d$ dimensions,\nstarting from the origin and evolving over a time interval $[0,t]$. We examine\nthree different models for the dynamics of the RTP: the standard RTP model with\ninstantaneous tumblings, a variant with instantaneous runs and a general model\nin which both the tumblings and the runs are non-instantaneous. For each of\nthese models, we use the Sparre Andersen theorem for discrete-time random walks\nto compute exactly the probability that the $x$ component does not change sign\nup to time $t$, showing that it does not depend on $d$. As a consequence of\nthis result, we compute exactly other $x$-component properties, namely the\ndistribution of the time of the maximum and the record statistics, showing that\nthey are universal, i.e. they do not depend on $d$. Moreover, we show that\nthese universal results hold also if the speed $v$ of the particle after each\ntumbling is random, drawn from a generic probability distribution. Our findings\nare confirmed by numerical simulations. Some of these results have been\nannounced in a recent Letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 090603 (2020)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condition for emergence of the Floquet-Gibbs state in periodically\n  driven open systems: We study probability distribution of a steady state of a periodically driven\nsystem coupled to a thermal bath by using a quantum master equation in the weak\ncoupling limit. It is proved that, even when the external field is strong, the\nprobability distribution is independent of the detailed nature of the thermal\nbath under the following conditions: (i) the Hamiltonian of the relevant system\nis bounded and the period of the driving field is short, (ii) the Hamiltonians\nfor the driving field at different times commute, and (iii) the Hamiltonians of\nthe driving field and of the interaction between the relevant system and the\nthermal bath commute. It is shown that the steady state is described by the\nGibbs distribution of the Floquet states of the relevant system at the\ntemperature of the thermal bath.",
        "positive": "Uptake of gases in bundles of carbon nanotubes: Model calculations are presented which predict whether or not an arbitrary\ngas experiences significant absorption within carbon nanotubes and/or bundles\nof nanotubes. The potentials used in these calculations assume a conventional\nform, based on a sum of two-body interactions with individual carbon atoms; the\nlatter employ energy and distance parameters which are derived from empirical\ncombining rules. The results confirm intuitive expectation that small atoms and\nmolecules are absorbed within both the interstitial channels and the tubes,\nwhile large atoms and molecules are absorbed almost exclusively within the\ntubes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Suppression of spinodal instability by disorder in an athermal system: We observed asymmetric critical slowing down and asymmetric dynamical scaling\nexponent in the superheating and supercooling kinetic processes during the\nthermally-induced metal-insulator transition of MnNiSn based heusler alloy.\nDuring the transition to the insulator phase, the critical-like features get\nenhanced compared to the transition back to the metal phase. These experimental\nfindings suggest that the metastable phase in the cooling branch of hysteresis\nhas approached close to the spinodal instability. On the other hand, the\nextended disorder, generated over and above the intrinsic crystal defects\nduring heating, triggers the excess heterogeneous nucleation before reaching\nthe spinodal point. Zero temperature random field Ising model (ZTRFIM)\nsimulation, inscribed for the athermal martensitic transitions, support the\nargument that the disorder smears the spinodal instabilities as the correlation\nlength is bounded by the average distance between the disorder points.",
        "positive": "Dynamical symmetries in the non-equilibrium dynamics of the directed\n  spherical model: The dynamical scaling and ageing in the relaxational dynamics of the quenched\ndirected spherical model is analysed. The exact two-time correlation and\nresponse functions display new regimes of ballistic or anisotropic ballistic\nscaling, at larger distances than probed in the usual regime of diffusive\nscaling. The r\\^ole of long-ranged initial correlations on the existence of\nthese scaling regimes is clarified. Their dynamical symmetries are described in\nterms of extensions of the Schr\\\"odinger algebra appropriate to non-equilibrium\ndynamics in that the anisotropic ballistic scaling regime can be interpreted in\nterms of meta-Schr\\\"odinger invariance while the regime of isotropic ballistic\nscaling is meta-conformally invariant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster aggregation model for discontinuous percolation transition: The evolution of the Erd\\H{o}s-R\\'enyi (ER) network by adding edges can be\nviewed as a cluster aggregation process. Such ER processes can be described by\na rate equation for the evolution of the cluster-size distribution with the\nconnection kernel $K_{ij}\\sim ij$, where $ij$ is the product of the sizes of\ntwo merging clusters. Here, we study more general cases in which $K_{ij}$ is\nsub-linear as $K_{ij}\\sim (ij)^{\\omega}$ with $0 \\le \\omega < 1/2$; we find\nthat the percolation transition (PT) is discontinuous. Moreover, PT is also\ndiscontinuous when the ER dynamics evolves from proper initial conditions. The\nrate equation approach for such discontinuous PTs enables us to uncover the\nmechanism underlying the explosive PT under the Achlioptas process.",
        "positive": "Inverse magnetocaloric effect in the spin-1/2 Fisher's super-exchange\n  antiferromagnet: The isothermal entropy change and the adiabatic temperature change for the\nexactly solved spin-1/2 Fisher's super-exchange antiferromagnet are rigorously\ncalculated in order to examine magnetocaloric properties of the model in a\nvicinity of the second-order phase transition. It is shown that the large\ninverse magnetocaloric effect occurs around the temperature interval\n$T_c(h\\neq0) < T < T_c(h=0)$ for any magnetic-field change $\\Delta h: 0 \\to h$.\nThe most pronounced inverse magnetocaloric effect can be found for the\nmagnetic-field change, which coincides with the critical field of a\nzero-temperature phase transition from the antiferromagnetically ordered ground\nstate to the paramagnetic one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fermionic field theory for directed percolation in (1+1) dimensions: We formulate directed percolation in (1+1) dimensions in the language of a\nreaction-diffusion process with exclusion taking place in one space dimension.\nWe map the master equation that describes the dynamics of the system onto a\nquantum spin chain problem. From there we build an interacting fermionic field\ntheory of a new type. We study the resulting theory using renormalization group\ntechniques. This yields numerical estimates for the critical exponents and\nprovides a new alternative analytic systematic procedure to study\nlow-dimensional directed percolation.",
        "positive": "Finite-size effects in the spectrum of the $OSp(3|2)$ superspin chain: The low energy spectrum of a spin chain with $OSp(3|2)$ supergroup symmetry\nis studied based on the Bethe ansatz solution of the related vertex model. This\nmodel is a lattice realization of intersecting loops in two dimensions with\nloop fugacity $z=1$ which provides a framework to study the critical properties\nof the unusual low temperature Goldstone phase of the $O(N)$ sigma model for\n$N=1$ in the context of an integrable model. Our finite-size analysis provides\nstrong evidence for the existence of continua of scaling dimensions, the lowest\nof them starting at the ground state. Based on our data we conjecture that the\nso-called watermelon correlation functions decay logarithmically with exponents\nrelated to the quadratic Casimir operator of $OSp(3|2)$. The presence of a\ncontinuous spectrum is not affected by a change to the boundary conditions\nalthough the density of states in the continua appears to be modified."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ensemble inequivalence, bicritical points and azeotropy for generalized\n  Fofonoff flows: We present a theoretical description for the equilibrium states of a large\nclass of models of two-dimensional and geophysical flows, in arbitrary domains.\nWe account for the existence of ensemble inequivalence and negative specific\nheat in those models, for the first time using explicit computations. We give\nexact theoretical computation of a criteria to determine phase transition\nlocation and type. Strikingly, this criteria does not depend on the model, but\nonly on the domain geometry. We report the first example of bicritical points\nand second order azeotropy in the context of systems with long range\ninteractions.",
        "positive": "Redefinition of site percolation in light of entropy and the second law\n  of thermodynamics: In this article, we revisit random site and bond percolation in square\nlattice focusing primarily on the behavior of entropy and order parameter. In\nthe case of traditional site percolation, we find that both the quantities are\nzero at $p=0$ revealing that the system is in the perfectly ordered and in the\ndisordered state at the same time. Moreover, we find that entropy with $1-p$,\nwhich is the equivalent counterpart of temperature, first increases and then\ndecreases again but we know that entropy with temperature cannot decrease.\nHowever, bond percolation does not suffer from either of these two problems. To\novercome this we propose a new definition for site percolation where we occupy\nsites to connect bonds and we measure cluster size by the number of bonds\nconnected by occupied sites. This resolves all the problems without affecting\nany of the existing known results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lack of symmetry restoration after a quantum quench: an entanglement\n  asymmetry study: We consider the quantum quench in the XX spin chain starting from a tilted\nN\\'eel state which explicitly breaks the $U(1)$ symmetry of the post-quench\nHamiltonian. Very surprisingly, the $U(1)$ symmetry is not restored at large\ntime because of the activation of a non-Abelian set of charges which all break\nit. The breaking of the symmetry can be effectively and quantitatively\ncharacterised by the recently introduced entanglement asymmetry. By a\ncombination of exact calculations and quasi-particle picture arguments, we are\nable to exactly describe the behaviour of the asymmetry at any time after the\nquench. Furthermore we show that the stationary behaviour is completely\ncaptured by a non-Abelian generalised Gibbs ensemble. While our computations\nhave been performed for a non-interacting spin chain, we expect similar results\nto hold for the integrable interacting case as well because of the presence of\nnon-Abelian charges also in that case.",
        "positive": "Entanglement asymmetry and quantum Mpemba effect in the XY spin chain: Entanglement asymmetry is a quantity recently introduced to measure how much\na symmetry is broken in a part of an extended quantum system. It has been\nemployed to analyze the non-equilibrium dynamics of a broken symmetry after a\nglobal quantum quench with a Hamiltonian that preserves it. In this work, we\ncarry out a comprehensive analysis of the entanglement asymmetry at equilibrium\ntaking the ground state of the XY spin chain, which breaks the $U(1)$ particle\nnumber symmetry, and provide a physical interpretation of it in terms of\nsuperconducting Cooper pairs. We also consider quenches from this ground state\nto the XX spin chain, which preserves the broken $U(1)$ symmetry. In this case,\nthe entanglement asymmetry reveals that the more the symmetry is initially\nbroken, the faster it may be restored in a subsystem, a surprising and\ncounter-intuitive phenomenon that is a type of a quantum Mpemba effect. We\nobtain a quasi-particle picture for the entanglement asymmetry in terms of\nCooper pairs, from which we derive the microscopic conditions to observe the\nquantum Mpemba effect in this system, giving further support to the criteria\nrecently proposed for arbitrary integrable quantum systems. In addition, we\nfind that the power law governing symmetry restoration depends discontinuously\non whether the initial state is critical or not, leading to new forms of strong\nand weak Mpemba effects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Antiferromagnetic triangular Blume-Capel model with hard core exclusions: Using Monte Carlo simulation we analyze phase transitions of two\nantiferromagnetic (AFM) triangular Blume-Capel (BC) models with AFM\ninteractions between third nearest neighbors. One model has hard core\nexclusions between the nearest neighbor (1NN) particles (3NN1 model) and the\nother - between 1NN and next-nearest-neighbor particles (3NN12 model).\nFinite-size scaling analysis reveals that in these models, as in the 1NN AFM BC\nmodel, the transition from paramagnetic to long-range order (LRO) AFM phase is\neither of the first-order or goes through intermediate phase which might be\nattributed to Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) type. We show that\nproperties of the low-temperature phase transition to the AFM phase of 1NN,\n3NN1 and 3NN12 models are very similar in all interval of a normalized\nsingle-ion anisotropy parameter, $\\delta$, except where the first order phase\ntransitions occur. Due to different entropy of the 3NN12 and 3NN1 models, their\nhigher temperature behavior is different from that of the 1NN model. Three\nphase transitions are observed for 3NN12 model: (i) from paramagnetic phase to\nthe phase with domains of the LRO AFM phase at $T_c$ ; (ii) from this structure\nto diluted frustrated BKT-type phase at $T_2$ (high-temperature limit of the\ncritical line of the BKT-type phase transitions) and (iii) from this frustrated\nphase to the AFM LRO phase at $T_1$ (low-temperature limit of this line). For\nthe 3NN12 model $T_c>T_2>T_1$ at $0<\\delta<1.15$ (range I), $T_c=T_2>T_1$ at\n$1.15<\\delta<1.3$ (range II) and $T_c=T_2=T_1$ at $1.3<\\delta<1.5$ (range III).\nFor 3NN1 model $T_c=T_2>T_1$ at $0<\\delta<1.2$ (range II) and $T_c=T_2=T_1$ at\n$1.2<\\delta<1.5$ (range III). In range III there is only first order phase\ntransition. In range II the transition at $T_c=T_2$ is of the first order, too.\nIn range I the transition at $T_c$ is either weak first-order or second-order\nphase transition.",
        "positive": "Universality Classes for Force Networks in Jammed Matter: We study the geometry of forces in some simple models for granular stackings.\nThe information contained in geometry is complementary to that in the\ndistribution of forces in a single inter-particle contact, which is more widely\nstudied. We present a method which focuses on the fractal nature of the force\nnetwork and find good evidence of scale invariance. The method enables us to\ndistinguish universality classes characterized by critical exponents. Our\napproach can be applied to force networks in other athermal jammed systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stokes formula and density perturbances for driven tracer diffusion in\n  an adsorbed monolayer: We study the intrinsic friction of monolayers adsorbed on solid surfaces from\na gas phase or vapor. Within the framework of the Langmuir model of delocalized\nadsorption, we calculate the resistance offered by the mobile adsorbate's\nparticles to some impure tracer molecule, whose diffusive random motion is\nbiased by a constant external force. We find that for sufficiently small\ndriving forces the force exerted on the tracer shows viscous-like behavior. We\nderive then the analog of the Stokes formula for two-dimensional adsorbates,\ncalculate the corresponding friction coefficient and determine the stationary\nparticle distribution in the monolayer as seen from the driven impurity.",
        "positive": "String and conventional order parameters in the solvable modulated\n  quantum chain: The phase diagram and the order parameters of the exactly solvable quantum 1D\nmodel are analysed. The model in its spin representation is the dimerized XY\nspin chain in the presence of uniform and staggered transverse fields. In the\nfermionic representation this model is the dimerized non-interacting Kitaev\nchain with a modulated chemical potential. The model has a rich phase diagram\nwhich contains phases with local and non-local (string) orders. We have\ncalculated within the same systematic framework the local order parameters\n(spontaneous magnetization) and the non-local string order parameters, along\nwith the topological winding numbers for all domains of the phase diagram. The\ntopologically nontrivial phase is shown to have a peculiar oscillating string\norder with the wavenumber $q=\\pi/2$, awaiting for its experimental\nconfirmation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous thermodynamics at the micro-scale: Particle motion at the micro-scale is an incessant tug-of-war between thermal\nfluctuations and applied forces on one side, and the strong resistance exerted\nby fluid viscosity on the other. Friction is so strong that completely\nneglecting inertia - the overdamped approximation - gives an excellent\neffective description of the actual particle mechanics. In sharp contrast with\nthis result, here we show that the overdamped approximation dramatically fails\nwhen thermodynamic quantities such as the entropy production in the environment\nis considered, in presence of temperature gradients. In the limit of\nvanishingly small, yet finite inertia, we find that the entropy production is\ndominated by a contribution that is anomalous, i.e. has no counterpart in the\noverdamped approximation. This phenomenon, that we call entropic anomaly, is\ndue to a symmetry-breaking that occurs when moving to the small, finite inertia\nlimit. Strong production of anomalous entropy is traced back to intense sweeps\ndown the temperature gradient.",
        "positive": "Damage spreading and Lyapunov exponents in cellular automata: Using the concept of the Boolean derivative we study damage spreading for one\ndimensional elementary cellular automata and define their maximal Lyapunov\nexponent. A random matrix approximation describes quite well the behavior of\n``chaotic'' rules and predicts a directed percolation-type phase transition.\nAfter the introduction of a small noise elementary cellular automata reveal the\nsame type of transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A mechanism to synchronize fluctuations in scale free networks using\n  growth models: In this paper we study the steady state of the fluctuations of the surface\nfor a model of surface growth with relaxation to any of its lower nearest\nneighbors (SRAM) [F. Family, J. Phys. A {\\bf 19}, L441 (1986)] in scale free\nnetworks. It is known that for Euclidean lattices this model belongs to the\nsame universality class as the model of surface relaxation to the minimum\n(SRM). For the SRM model, it was found that for scale free networks with\nbroadness $\\lambda$, the steady state of the fluctuations scales with the\nsystem size $N$ as a constant for $\\lambda \\geq 3$ and has a logarithmic\ndivergence for $\\lambda < 3$ [Pastore y Piontti {\\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. E {\\bf\n76}, 046117 (2007)]. It was also shown [La Rocca {\\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. E\n{\\bf 77}, 046120 (2008)] that this logarithmic divergence is due to non-linear\nterms that arises from the topology of the network. In this paper we show that\nthe fluctuations for the SRAM model scale as in the SRM model. We also derive\nanalytically the evolution equation for this model for any kind of complex\ngraphs and find that, as in the SRM model, non-linear terms appear due to the\nheterogeneity and the lack of symmetry of the network. In spite of that, the\ntwo models have the same scaling, but the SRM model is more efficient to\nsynchronize systems.",
        "positive": "Universality in the pair contact process with diffusion: The pair contact process with diffusion is studied by means of multispin\nMonte Carlo simulations and density matrix renormalization group calculations.\nEffective critical exponents are found to behave nonmonotonically as functions\nof time or of system length and extrapolate asymptotically towards values\nconsistent with the directed percolation universality class. We argue that an\nintermediate regime exists where the effective critical dynamics resembles that\nof a parity conserving process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation on correlated networks: We reconsider the problem of percolation on an equilibrium random network\nwith degree-degree correlations between nearest-neighboring vertices focusing\non critical singularities at a percolation threshold. We obtain criteria for\ndegree-degree correlations to be irrelevant for critical singularities. We\npresent examples of networks in which assortative and disassortative mixing\nleads to unusual percolation properties and new critical exponents.",
        "positive": "Properties of weighted complex networks: We study two kinds of weighted networks, weighted small-world (WSW) and\nweighted scale-free (WSF). The weight $w_{ij}$ of a link between nodes $i$ and\n$j$ in the network is defined as the product of endpoint node degrees; that is\n$w_{ij}=(k_{i}k_{j})^{\\theta}$. In contrast to adding weights to links during\nnetworks being constructed, we only consider weights depending on the ``\npopularity\\rq\\rq of the nodes represented by their connectivity. It was found\nthat the both weighted networks have broad distributions on characterization\nthe link weight, vertex strength, and average shortest path length.\nFurthermore, as a survey of the model, the epidemic spreading process in both\nweighted networks was studied based on the standard \\emph{susceptible-infected}\n(SI) model. The spreading velocity reaches a peak very quickly after the\ninfection outbreaks and an exponential decay was found in the long time\npropagation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Weighted Scale-free Networks in Euclidean Space Using Local Selection\n  Rule: A spatial scale-free network is introduced and studied whose motivation has\nbeen originated in the growing Internet as well as the Airport networks. We\nargue that in these real-world networks a new node necessarily selects one of\nits neighbouring local nodes for connection and is not controlled by the\npreferential attachment as in the Barab\\'asi-Albert (BA) model. This\nobservation has been mimicked in our model where the nodes pop-up at randomly\nlocated positions in the Euclidean space and are connected to one end of the\nnearest link. In spite of this crucial difference it is observed that the\nleading behaviour of our network is like the BA model. Defining link weight as\nan algebraic power of its Euclidean length, the weight distribution and the\nnon-linear dependence of the nodal strength on the degree are analytically\ncalculated. It is claimed that a power law decay of the link weights with time\nensures such a non-linear behavior. Switching off the Euclidean space from the\nsame model yields a much simpler definition of the Barab\\'asi-Albert model\nwhere numerical effort grows linearly with $N$.",
        "positive": "Maintenance of order in a moving strong condensate: We investigate the conditions under which a moving condensate may exist in a\ndriven mass transport system. Our paradigm is a minimal mass transport model in\nwhich $n-1$ particles move simultaneously from a site containing $n>1$\nparticles to the neighbouring site in a preferred direction. In the spirit of a\nZero-Range process the rate $u(n)$ of this move depends only on the occupation\nof the departure site. We study a hopping rate $u(n) = 1 + b/n^\\alpha$\nnumerically and find a moving strong condensate phase for $b > b_c(\\alpha)$ for\nall $\\alpha >0$. This phase is characterised by a condensate that moves through\nthe system and comprises a fraction of the system's mass that tends to unity.\nThe mass lost by the condensate as it moves is constantly replenished from the\ntrailing tail of low occupancy sites that collectively comprise a vanishing\nfraction of the mass. We formulate an approximate analytical treatment of the\nmodel that allows a reasonable estimate of $b_c(\\alpha)$ to be obtained. We\nshow numerically (for $\\alpha=1$) that the transition is of mixed order,\nexhibiting exhibiting a discontinuity in the order parameter as well as a\ndiverging length scale as $b\\searrow b_c$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collective Origin of the Coexistence of Apparent RMT Noise and Factors\n  in Large Sample Correlation Matrices: Through simple analytical calculations and numerical simulations, we\ndemonstrate the generic existence of a self-organized macroscopic state in any\nlarge multivariate system possessing non-vanishing average correlations between\na finite fraction of all pairs of elements. The coexistence of an eigenvalue\nspectrum predicted by random matrix theory (RMT) and a few very large\neigenvalues in large empirical correlation matrices is shown to result from a\nbottom-up collective effect of the underlying time series rather than a\ntop-down impact of factors. Our results, in excellent agreement with previous\nresults obtained on large financial correlation matrices, show that there is\nrelevant information also in the bulk of the eigenvalue spectrum and\nrationalize the presence of market factors previously introduced in an ad hoc\nmanner.",
        "positive": "Comparing Simulation and Experiment of a 2D Granular Couette Shear\n  Device: We present experiments along with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a\ntwo-dimensional (2D) granular material in a Couette cell undergoing slow\nshearing. The grains are disks confined between an inner, rotating wheel and a\nfixed outer ring. The simulation results are compared to experimental studies\nand quantitative agreement is found. Tracking the positions and orientations of\nindividual particles allows us to obtain density distributions, velocity and\nparticle rotation rate for the system. The key issue of this paper is to show\nthe extent to which {\\em quantitative} agreement between an experiment and MD\nsimulations is possible. Besides many differences in model-details and the\nexperiment, the qualitative features are nicely reproduced. We discuss the\nquantitative agreement/disagreement, give possible reasons, and outline further\nresearch perspectives."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New criteria for the equation of state development: Simple model fluids: Recently we have proposed (J. Chem. Phys. 128 (2008) 134508) a new rescaling\nof fluid density $\\rho $ by its critical value $\\rho_c^{2/3}$ to apply the\ncorresponding states law for the attractive Yukawa fluids study. Analysis of\nprecise simulation results allows us to generalize this concept to the case of\nsimple fluids with different interparticle interactions, like Mie (n,m) and\nSutherland pair potentials. It is shown, that there is a linear relationship\nbetween the critical pressure and critical temperature, as well as the critical\ndensity and inverse critical temperature for these frequently used pair\npotentials. As a consequence, the critical compressibility factor of these\nmodel fluids is close to its universal value measured experimentally for\ndifferent real substances.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo study of four-dimensional self-avoiding walks of up to one\n  billion steps: We study self-avoiding walks on the four-dimensional hypercubic lattice via\nMonte Carlo simulations of walks with up to one billion steps. We study the\nexpected logarithmic corrections to scaling, and find convincing evidence in\nsupport the scaling form predicted by the renormalization group, with an\nestimate for the power of the logarithmic factor of 0.2516(14), which is\nconsistent with the predicted value of 1/4. We also characterize the behaviour\nof the pivot algorithm for sampling four-dimensional self-avoiding walks, and\nconjecture that the probability of a pivot move being successful for an\n$N$-step walk is $O([ \\log N ]^{-1/4})$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic description of delayed systems: We study general stochastic birth and death processes including delay. We\ndevelop several approaches for the analytical treatment of these non-Markovian\nsystems, valid, not only for constant delays, but also for stochastic delays\nwith arbitrary probability distributions. The interplay between stochasticity\nand delay and, in particular, the effects of delay in the fluctuations and time\ncorrelations are discussed.",
        "positive": "Bose-Einstein Condensation, the Lambda Transition, and Superfluidity for\n  Interacting Bosons: Bose-Einstein condensation and the $\\lambda$-transition are described in\nmolecular detail for bosons interacting with a pair potential. New phenomena\nare identified that are absent in the usual ideal gas treatment. Monte Carlo\nsimulations of Lennard-Jones helium-4 neglecting ground momentum state bosons\ngive a diverging heat capacity approaching the transition. Pure permutation\nloops give continuous growth in the occupancy of the ground momentum state.\nMixed ground and excited momentum state permutation loops give a discontinuous\ntransition to the condensed phase. The consequent latent heat for the\n$\\lambda$-transition is 3\\% of the total energy. The predicted critical\nvelocity for superfluid flow is within a factor of three of the measured values\nover three orders of magnitude in pore diameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kluitenberg-Verh\u00e1s rheology of solids in the GENERIC framework: The internal variable methodology of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, with a\nsymmetric tensorial internal variable, provides an important rheological model\nfamily for solids, the so-called Kluitenberg-Verh\\'as model family [1]. This\nmodel family is distinguished not only from theoretical aspects but also on\nexperimental grounds (see [2] for plastics and [3, 4, 5] for rocks). In this\narticle, we present and discuss how the internal variable formulation of the\nKluitenberg-Verh\\'as model family can be presented in the nonequilibrium\nthermodynamical framework GENERIC (General Equation for the Non-Equilibrium\nReversible-Irreversible Coupling) [6, 7, 8, 9], for the benefit of both\nthermodynamical methodologies as well as for promising practical applications.",
        "positive": "Orientational order in Deposits of Magnetic Particles: We present preliminary results for the orientational order in deposits of\ndipolar particles, on one dimensional substrates. The deposits are generated\nusing a model where the incoming dipolar particle interacts with the other\nparticles in the deposit via a dipole-dipole potential. The interdipolar\nvectors are restricted to lie on a square lattice although the dipole moments\nare free to rotate in three dimensions. The path of the incoming particle is\ngenerated through a Monte Carlo scheme controlled by an effective temperature\nT, the case of pure diffusion-limited deposition corresponding to T=infinity$.\n  We calculate the ferromagnetic and nematic order parameters and the dipolar\norientational probability density of the deposits, at various stages of growth\nand two effective temperatures. The dipolar angular correlations along the rows\nand columns of the lattice are also investigated. We find that the\norientational order of the deposits depends strongly on the lattice structure,\nthe stage of growth and the effective temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Backdoor to the Hidden Ground State: Planted Vertex Cover Example: We introduce a planted vertex cover problem on regular random graphs and\nstudy it by the cavity method. The equilibrium ordering phase transition of\nthis binary-spin two-body interaction system is discontinuous in nature\ndistinct from the continuous one of conventional Ising-like models, and it is\ndynamically blocked by an extensive free energy barrier. We discover that the\ndisordered symmetric phase of this system may be locally stable with respect to\nthe ordered phase at all inverse temperatures except for a unique eureka point\n$\\beta_b$ at which it is only marginally stable. The eureka point $\\beta_b$\nserves as a backdoor to access the hidden ground state with vanishing free\nenergy barrier. It exists in an infinite series of planted random graph\nensembles and we determine their structural parameters analytically. The\nrevealed new type of free energy landscape may also exist in other planted\nrandom-graph optimization problems at the interface of statistical physics and\nstatistical inference.",
        "positive": "Critical Exponents of the N-vector model: Recently the series for two RG functions (corresponding to the anomalous\ndimensions of the fields phi and phi^2) of the 3D phi^4 field theory have been\nextended to next order (seven loops) by Murray and Nickel. We examine here the\ninfluence of these additional terms on the estimates of critical exponents of\nthe N-vector model, using some new ideas in the context of the Borel summation\ntechniques. The estimates have slightly changed, but remain within errors of\nthe previous evaluation. Exponents like eta (related to the field anomalous\ndimension), which were poorly determined in the previous evaluation of Le\nGuillou--Zinn-Justin, have seen their apparent errors significantly decrease.\nMore importantly, perhaps, summation errors are better determined. The change\nin exponents affects the recently determined ratios of amplitudes and we report\nthe corresponding new values. Finally, because an error has been discovered in\nthe last order of the published epsilon=4-d expansions (order epsilon^5), we\nhave also reanalyzed the determination of exponents from the epsilon-expansion.\nThe conclusion is that the general agreement between epsilon-expansion and 3D\nseries has improved with respect to Le Guillou--Zinn-Justin."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin dynamics simulations - a powerful method for the study of critical\n  dynamics: Spin-dynamics techniques can now be used to study the deterministic\ntime-dependent behavior of magnetic systems containing over 10^5 spins with\nquite good accuracy. This approach will be introduced, including the\ntheoretical foundations of the methods of analysis. Then newly developed,\nimproved techniques based upon Suzuki-Trotter decomposition methods will be\ndescribed. The current ``state-of-the-art'' will be evaluated with specific\nexamples drawn from data on simple magnetic models. The examination of dynamic\ncritical behavior will be highlighted but the extraction of information about\nexcitations at low temperatures will be included.",
        "positive": "Exactly solvable deterministic lattice model of crossover between\n  ballistic and diffusive transport: We discuss a simple deterministic lattice gas of locally interacting charged\nparticles, for which we show coexistence of ballistic and diffusive transport.\nBoth, the ballistic and the diffusive transport coefficients, specifically the\nDrude weight and the diffusion constant, respectively, are analytically\ncomputed for particular set of generalised Gibbs states and may independently\nvanish for appropriate values of thermodynamic parameters. Moreover, our\nanalysis, based on explicit construction of the matrix representation of\ntime-automorphism in a suitable basis of the algebra of local observables,\nallows for an exact computation of the dynamic structure factor and closed form\nsolution of the inhomogeneous quench problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective-field approximations, including DMRG method, for classical\n  inhomogeneous 2D spin lattice models: A new approach to derivation of various effective-field approximation for\nlattice spin models is presented. It is shown that it can give a number of\nmethods, including the DMRG method, that can be used to find generally\ninhomogeneous solutions of 2D classical lattice problems. A method, closely\nrelated the DMRG method but without necessity to perform any renormalization,\nis derived, yielding results practically not different from the DMRG ones. The\nmatrix-product wave function of Rommer and \\\"Ostlund can be constructed from\nthe output of the method. The computational costs of all the derived methods\nare smaller than those of the DMRG. Most of the results are applicable to the\n1D quantum systems, as well.",
        "positive": "Extensive generalization of statistical mechanics based on incomplete\n  information theory: Statistical mechanics is generalized on the basis of an additive information\ntheory for incomplete probability distributions. The incomplete normalization\n$\\sum_{i=1}^wp_i^q=1$ is used to obtain generalized entropy\n$S=-k\\sum_{i=1}^wp_i^q\\ln p_i$. The concomitant incomplete statistical\nmechanics is applied to some physical systems in order to show the effect of\nthe incompleteness of information. It is shown that this extensive generalized\nstatistics can be useful for the correlated electron systems in weak coupling\nregime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium stationary states with Gibbs measure for two or three\n  species of interacting particles: We construct explicit examples of one-dimensional driven diffusive systems\nfor two and three species of interacting particles, defined by asymmetric\ndynamical rules which do not obey detailed balance, but whose nonequilibrium\nstationary-state measure coincides with a prescribed equilibrium Gibbs measure.\nFor simplicity, the measures considered in this construction only involve\nnearest-neighbor interactions. For two species, the dynamics thus obtained\ngenerically has five free parameters, and does not obey pairwise balance in\ngeneral. The latter property is satisfied only by the totally asymmetric\ndynamics and the partially asymmetric dynamics with uniform bias, i.e., the\ncases originally considered by Katz, Lebowitz, and Spohn. For three species of\ninteracting particles, with nearest-neighbor interactions between particles of\nthe same species, the totally asymmetric dynamics thus obtained has two free\nparameters, and obeys pairwise balance. These models are put in perspective\nwith other examples of driven diffusive systems. The emerging picture is that\nasymmetric (nonequilibrium) stochastic dynamics leading to a given\nstationary-state measure are far more constrained (in terms of numbers of free\nparameters) than the corresponding symmetric (equilibrium) dynamics.",
        "positive": "Wetting transition in the McCoy-Wu model: The wetting transition is studied in the McCoy-Wu Ising model in which the\nrandom bonds are perfectly correlated in the direction parallel to the walls .\nThe model is solved numerically on finite size lattices up to $200 \\times\n200^2$. It is shown that the wetting transition is first-order. For a fixed\nsurface field, the distribution of wetting transition temperature is obtained\nfrom $1000$ samples. The results show that the deviation of the wetting\ntransition temperature does not decreases as the lattice size increases. It is\nshown that for a fixed surface field the wetting transition temperature is\nsample dependent even in the thermodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nucleation pathways on complex networks: Identifying nucleation pathway is important for understanding the kinetics of\nfirst-order phase transitions in natural systems. In the present work, we study\nnucleation pathway of the Ising model in homogeneous and heterogeneous networks\nusing the forward flux sampling method, and find that the nucleation processes\nrepresent distinct features along pathways for different network topologies.\nFor homogeneous networks, there always exists a dominant nucleating cluster to\nwhich relatively small clusters are attached gradually to form the critical\nnucleus. For heterogeneous ones, many small isolated nucleating clusters emerge\nat the early stage of the nucleation process, until suddenly they form the\ncritical nucleus through a sharp merging process. By analyzing the properties\nof the nucleating clusters along the pathway, we show that the main reason\nbehind the different routes is the heterogeneous character of the underlying\nnetworks.",
        "positive": "Effect of film thickness on the width of percolation threshold in\n  metal-dielectric composites: The effect of thickness on the width of the percolation threshold in\nmetal-dielectric composite films was examined. The distribution of current\nintensities through cubic networks of metal and dielectric components was\ndetermined using Kirchhoff's equations. From the tail of current distribution,\nthe width of the percolation threshold was defined using L\\'evy statistics, and\ndetermined as a function of the film thickness for a system size 100. In the\n2D-3D crossover region, the percolation width decreases as a power-law with a\npower exponent of $ 0.36\\pm 0.01$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stock Market Speculation: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking of Economic\n  Valuation: Firm foundation theory estimates a security's firm fundamental value based on\nfour determinants: expected growth rate, expected dividend payout, the market\ninterest rate and the degree of risk. In contrast, other views of\ndecision-making in the stock market, using alternatives such as human\npsychology and behavior, bounded rationality, agent-based modeling and\nevolutionary game theory, expound that speculative and crowd behavior of\ninvestors may play a major role in shaping market prices. Here, we propose that\nthe two views refer to two classes of companies connected through a ``phase\ntransition''. Our theory is based on 1) the identification of the fundamental\nparity symmetry of prices ($p \\to -p$), which results from the relative\ndirection of payment flux compared to commodity flux and 2) the observation\nthat a company's risk-adjusted growth rate discounted by the market interest\nrate behaves as a control parameter for the observable price. We find a\ncritical value of this control parameter at which a spontaneous\nsymmetry-breaking of prices occurs, leading to a spontaneous valuation in\nabsence of earnings, similarly to the emergence of a spontaneous magnetization\nin Ising models in absence of a magnetic field. The low growth rate phase is\ndescribed by the firm foundation theory while the large growth rate phase is\nthe regime of speculation and crowd behavior. In practice, while large\n``finite-time horizon'' effects round off the predicted singularities, our\nsymmetry-breaking speculation theory accounts for the apparent over-pricing and\nthe high volatility of fast growing companies on the stock markets.",
        "positive": "Wang-Landau sampling in three-dimensional polymers: Monte Carlo simulations using Wang-Landau sampling are performed to study\nthree-dimensional chains of homopolymers on a lattice. We confirm the accuracy\nof the method by calculating the thermodynamic properties of this system. Our\nresults are in good agreement with those obtained using Metropolis importance\nsampling. This algorithm enables one to accurately simulate the usually hardly\naccessible low-temperature regions since it determines the density of states in\na single simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Quenches, Thermalization and Many-Body Localization: We conjecture that thermalization following a quantum quench in a strongly\ncorrelated quantum system is closely connected to many-body delocalization in\nthe space of quasi-particles. This scenario is tested in the anisotropic\nHeisenberg spin chain with different types of integrability-breaking terms. We\nfirst quantify the deviations from integrability by analyzing the level spacing\nstatistics and the inverse participation ratio of the system's eigenstates. We\nthen focus on thermalization, by studying the dynamics after a sudden quench of\nthe anisotropy parameter. Our numerical simulations clearly support the\nconjecture, as long as the integrability-breaking term acts homogeneously on\nthe quasiparticle space, in such a way as to induce ergodicity over all the\nrelevant Hilbert space.",
        "positive": "Mode Coupling relaxation scenario in a confined glass former: Molecular dynamics simulations of a Lennard-Jones binary mixture confined in\na disordered array of soft spheres are presented. The single particle dynamical\nbehavior of the glass former is examined upon supercooling. Predictions of mode\ncoupling theory are satisfied by the confined liquid. Estimates of the\ncrossover temperature are obtained by power law fit to the diffusion\ncoefficients and relaxation times of the late $\\alpha$ region. The $b$ exponent\nof the von Schweidler law is also evaluated. Similarly to the bulk, different\nvalues of the exponent $\\gamma$ are extracted from the power law fit to the\ndiffusion coefficients and relaxation times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behaviors of cascading dynamics on multiplex two-dimensional\n  lattices: We study the critical phenomena of viable clusters in multiplex\ntwo-dimensional lattices using numerical simulations. We identify viable sites\non multiplex lattices using two cascading algorithms: the cascade of\nactivations (CA) and deactivations (CD). We found that the giant viable\nclusters identified by CA and CD processes exhibit different critical\nbehaviors. Specifically, the critical phenomena of CA processes are consistent\nwith the ordinary bond percolation on a single layer but CD processes exhibit\nthe critical behaviors consistent with mutual percolation on multiplex\nlattices. In addition, we computed the susceptibility of cascading dynamics by\nusing the concept of ghost field. Our results suggest that the CA and CD\nprocesses generate viable clusters in different ways.",
        "positive": "Theory of Single File Diffusion in a Force Field: The dynamics of hard-core interacting Brownian particles in an external\npotential field is studied in one dimension. Using the Jepsen line we find a\nvery general and simple formula relating the motion of the tagged center\nparticle, with the classical, time dependent single particle reflection ${\\cal\nR}$ and transmission ${\\cal T}$ coefficients. Our formula describes rich\nphysical behaviors both in equilibrium and the approach to equilibrium of this\nmany body problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extreme value statistics of correlated random variables: a pedagogical\n  review: Extreme value statistics (EVS) concerns the study of the statistics of the\nmaximum or the minimum of a set of random variables. This is an important\nproblem for any time-series and has applications in climate, finance, sports,\nall the way to physics of disordered systems where one is interested in the\nstatistics of the ground state energy. While the EVS of `uncorrelated'\nvariables are well understood, little is known for strongly correlated random\nvariables. Only recently this subject has gained much importance both in\nstatistical physics and in probability theory. In this review, we will first\nrecall the classical EVS for uncorrelated variables and discuss the three\nuniversality classes of extreme value limiting distribution, known as the\nGumbel, Fr\\'echet and Weibull distribution. We then show that, for weakly\ncorrelated random variables with a finite correlation length/time, the limiting\nextreme value distribution can still be inferred from that of the uncorrelated\nvariables using a renormalisation group-like argument. Finally, we consider the\nmost interesting examples of strongly correlated variables for which there are\nvery few exact results for the EVS. We discuss few examples of such strongly\ncorrelated systems (such as the Brownian motion and the eigenvalues of a random\nmatrix) where some analytical progress can be made. We also discuss other\nobservables related to extremes, such as the density of near-extreme events,\ntime at which an extreme value occurs, order and record statistics, etc.",
        "positive": "Saddles on the potential energy landscape of a Lennard-Jones liquid: By means of molecular dynamics simulations, we study the stationary points of\nthe potential energy in a Lennard-Jones liquid, giving a purely geometric\ncharacterization of the energy landscape of the system. We find a linear\nrelation between the degree of instability of the stationary points and their\npotential energy, and we locate the energy where the instability vanishes. This\nthreshold energy marks the border between saddle-dominated and minima-dominated\nregions of the energy landscape. The temperature where the potential energy of\nthe Stillinger-Weber minima becomes equal to the threshold energy turns out to\nbe very close to the mode-coupling transition temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Model of correlated sequential adsorption of colloidal particles: We present results of a new model of sequential adsorption in which the\nadsorbing particles are correlated with the particles attached to the\nsubstrate. The strength of the correlations is measured by a tunable parameter\n$\\sigma$. The model interpolates between free ballistic adsorption in the limit\n$\\sigma\\to\\infty$ and a strongly correlated phase, appearing for $\\sigma\\to0$\nand characterized by the emergence of highly ordered structures. The phenomenon\nis manifested through the analysis of several magnitudes, as the jamming limit\nand the particle-particle correlation function. The effect of correlations in\none dimension manifests in the increased tendency to particle chaining in the\nsubstrate. In two dimensions the correlations induce a percolation transition,\nin which a spanning cluster of connected particles appears at a certain\ncritical value $\\sigma_c$. Our study could be applicable to more general\nsituations in which the coupling between correlations and disorder is relevant,\nas for example, in the presence of strong interparticle interactions.",
        "positive": "Constraints on Onsager coefficients from quasi-static and reversible\n  operations: The performance of a generic, cyclic heat engine between two heat reservoirs\nis discussed within a linear-irreversible framework. The Onsager reciprocal\nrelation is derived as a consequence of the equivalence between quasi-static\nand reversible operations, under the tight-coupling condition. When the latter\ncondition is relaxed, it is possible to achieve reversible cycle in a finite\nduration. Onsager reciprocity must be violated when either the quasi-static\ncycle is not reversible, or the reversible cycle is not quasi-static."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of randomness and anisotropy on Turing patterns in\n  reaction-diffusion systems: We study the effect of randomness and anisotropy on Turing patterns in\nreaction-diffusion systems. For this purpose, the Gierer-Meinhardt model of\npattern formation is considered. The cases we study are: (i)randomness in the\nunderlying lattice structure, (ii)the case in which there is a probablity p\nthat at a lattice site both reaction and diffusion occur, otherwise there is\nonly diffusion and lastly, the effect of (iii) anisotropic and (iv) random\ndiffusion coefficients on the formation of Turing patterns. The general\nconclusion is that the Turing mechanism of pattern formation is fairly robust\nin the presence of randomness and anisotropy.",
        "positive": "Small and Finite Inertia in Stochastic Systems: Moment and Cumulant\n  Formalisms: We analyze two approaches to elimination of a fast variable (velocity) in\nstochastic systems: moment and cumulant formalisms. With these approaches, we\nobtain the corresponding Smoluchovski-type equations, which contain only the\ncoordinate/phase variable. The adiabatic elimination of velocity in terms of\ncumulants and moments requires the first three elements. However, for the case\nof small inertia, the corrected Smoluchowski equation in terms of moments\nrequires five elements, while in terms of cumulants the same first three\nelements are sufficient. Compared to the method based on the expansion of the\nvelocity distribution in Hermite functions, the considered approaches have\ncomparable efficiency, but do not require individual mathematical preparation\nfor the case of active Brownian particles, where one has to construct a new\nbasis of eigenfunctions instead of the Hermite ones."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inhomogeneous Mode-Coupling Theory and Growing Dynamic Length in\n  Supercooled Liquids: We extend Mode-Coupling Theory (MCT) to inhomogeneous situations, relevant\nfor supercooled liquid in pores, close to a surface, or in an external field.\nWe compute the response of the dynamical structure factor to a static\ninhomogeneous external potential and provide the first direct evidence that the\nstandard formulation of MCT is associated with a diverging length scale. We\nfind in particular that the so called ``cages'' are in fact extended objects.\nAlthough close to the transition the dynamic length grows as |T-T_c|^-1/4 in\n_both_ the beta and alpha regimes, our results suggest that the fractal\ndimension of correlated clusters is larger in the alpha regime. We also derive\ninhomogeneous MCT equations valid to second order in gradients.",
        "positive": "Convergence to the critical attractor of dissipative maps: Log-periodic\n  oscillations, fractality and nonextensivity: For a family of logistic-like maps, we investigate the rate of convergence to\nthe critical attractor when an ensemble of initial conditions is uniformly\nspread over the entire phase space. We found that the phase space volume\noccupied by the ensemble $W(t)$ depicts a power-law decay with log-periodic\noscillations reflecting the multifractal character of the critical attractor.\nWe explore the parametric dependence of the power-law exponent and the\namplitude of the log-periodic oscillations with the attractor's fractal\ndimension governed by the inflexion of the map near its extremal point.\nFurther, we investigate the temporal evolution of $W(t)$ for the circle map\nwhose critical attractor is dense. In this case, we found $W(t)$ to exhibit a\nrich pattern with a slow logarithmic decay of the lower bounds. These results\nare discussed in the context of non-extensive Tsallis entropies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interaction Dependence Thermodynamical parameters of Harmonically\n  Trapped Bose gas: In this paper the thermodynamical parameters of a condensed Boson gas are\ncalculated from the partial derivative of the grand potential. In particular,\nthe analytical expressions for some important parameters, such as the condensed\nfraction, specific heat, critical temperature, effective size, and release\nenergy are investigated. The mean effects which can be altered the ideal Bose\ngas, such as finite size, highly anisotropic of the external potential and\ninteratomic interaction effects are considered simultaneously. Some new\ncharacteristics of the trapped interacting Bose gases in a highly anisotropic\ntrap are revealed. The calculated result for the condensed fraction is compared\nwith the ongoing Stuttgart experiment for 52Cr (Griesmaier et al., Phys. Rev.\nLett. 94, 160401(2005)) directly. Good agreement between both the theoretical\nand experimental data are obtained.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium dynamics of the three-dimensional Edwards-Anderson\n  spin-glass model with Gaussian couplings: Strong heterogeneities and the\n  backbone picture: We numerically study the three-dimensional Edwards-Anderson model with\nGaussian couplings, focusing on the heterogeneities arising in its\nnonequilibrium dynamics. Results are analyzed in terms of the backbone picture,\nwhich links strong dynamical heterogeneities to spatial heterogeneities\nemerging from the correlation of local rigidity of the bond network. Different\ntwo-times quantities as the flipping time distribution and the correlation and\nresponse functions, are evaluated over the full system and over high- and\nlow-rigidity regions. We find that the nonequilibrium dynamics of the model is\nhighly correlated to spatial heterogeneities. Also, we observe a similar\nphysical behavior to that previously found in the Edwards-Anderson model with a\nbimodal (discrete) bond distribution. Namely, the backbone behaves as the main\nstructure that supports the spin-glass phase, within which a sort of\ndomain-growth process develops, while the complement remains in a paramagnetic\nphase, even below the critical temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple reconstruction method to infer nonreciprocal interactions and\n  local driving in complex systems: Data-based inference of directed interactions in complex dynamical systems is\na problem common to many disciplines of science. In this work, we study\nnetworks of spatially separate dynamical entities, which could represent\nphysical systems that interact with each other by reciprocal or nonreciprocal,\ninstantaneous or time-delayed interactions. We present a simple approach that\ncombines Markov state models with directed information-theoretical measures for\ncausal inference that can accurately infer the underlying interactions from\nnoisy time series of the dynamical system states alone. Remarkably, this is\npossible despite the built-in simplification of a Markov assumption and the\nchoice of a very coarse discretization at the level of probability estimation.\nOur test systems are an Ising chain with nonreciprocal coupling imposed by\nlocal driving of a single spin, and a system of delay-coupled linear stochastic\nprocesses. Stepping away from physical systems, the approach infers\ncause-effect relationships, or more generally, the direction of mutual or\none-way influence. The presented method is agnostic to the number of\ninteracting entities and details of the dynamics, so that it is widely\napplicable to problems in various fields.",
        "positive": "Numerical calculation of scaling exponents of percolation process in the\n  framework of renormalization group approach: We use the renormalization group theory to study the directed bond\npercolation (Gribov process) near its second-order phase transition between\nabsorbing and active state. We present a numerical calculation of the\nrenormalization group functions in the $\\epsilon$-expansion where $\\epsilon$ is\na deviation from the upper critical dimension $d_c = 4$. Within this procedure\nanomalous dimensions $\\gamma$ are expressed in terms of irreducible\nrenormalized Feynman diagrams and thus the calculation of renormalization\nconstants could be entirely skipped. The renormalization group is included by\nmeans of the $R$ operation, and for computational purposes we choose the null\nmomentum subtraction scheme."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "To understanding of slow and non-monotonic relaxation in Al--Y eutectic\n  melts: We discuss the nature of the slow relaxation processes in glass-forming\neutectic melts right after melting. For specific, we focus on the binary\nmetallic melt Al--Y, which in addition to the slow relaxation shows unusual\nnon-monotonic dynamics. We argue this slow dynamics is an result of\nnon-linearity of diffusion processes in initially non-homogenous sample, and\nthe nature of slow relaxation processes in eutectic melts after melting is\nsimilar to the nature of spinodal decomposition, when reason for the slowdown\nis the thermodynamic instability. To support this assertion we considered the\nmodel with combined Gibbs potential of the Al-Y liquid solution, in which the\npresence of the stoichiometric phase remains is taken into account. We show\nthat in this system the instability mathematically described by the\nCahn--Hilliard type equation can develop, and that fluctuation accounting in\nthe considered model allows qualitatively describe the non-monotonic relaxation\nobserved in the Al-based nonequilibrium melts.",
        "positive": "Scaling in the massive antiferromagnetic XXZ spin-1/2 chain near the\n  isotropic point: The scaling limit of the Heisenberg XXZ spin chain at zero magnetic field is\nstudied in the gapped antiferromagnetic phase. For a spin-chain ring having\n$N_x$ sites, the universal Casimir scaling function, which characterises the\nleading finite-size correction term in the large-$N_x$ expansion of the ground\nstate energy, is calculated by numerical solution of the nonlinear integral\nequation of the convolution type. It is shown, that the same scaling function\ndescribes the temperature dependence of the free energy of the infinite XXZ\nchain at low enough temperatures in the gapped scaling regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the robust thermodynamical structures against arbitrary entropy form\n  and energy mean value: We discuss that the thermodynamical Legendre transform structure can be\nretained not only for the arbitrary entropic form but also for the arbitrary\nform of the energy constraints by following the discussion of Plastino and\nPlastino. The thermodynamic relation between the expectation values and the\nconjugate Lagrange multipliers are seen to be universal. Furthermore, Gibbs'\nfundamental equation is shown to be unaffected by the choice of the entropy and\nthe definition of the mean values due to the robustness of the Legendre\ntransform structure.",
        "positive": "Local structure in dense hydrogen at the liquid-liquid phase transition\n  by Coupled Electron-Ion Monte Carlo: We present a study of the local structure of high pressure hydrogen around\nthe liquid-liquid transition line based on results from the Coupled\nElectron-Ion Monte Carlo method. We report results for the Equation of State,\nfor the radial distribution function between protons g(r) and results from a\ncluster analysis to detect the possible formation of stable molecular ions\nbeyond the transition line, as well as above the critical temperature. We\ndiscuss various estimates for the molecular fraction in both phases and show\nthat, although the presence of $H_3^+$ ions is suggested by the form of the\ng(r) they are not stable against thermal fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact results in Floquet coin toss for driven integrable models: We study an integrable Hamiltonian reducible to free fermions which is\nsubjected to an imperfect periodic driving with the amplitude of driving (or\nkicking) randomly chosen from a binary distribution like a coin-toss problem.\nThe randomness present in the driving protocol destabilises the periodic steady\nstate, reached in the limit of perfectly periodic driving, leading to a\nmonotonic rise of the stroboscopic residual energy with the number of periods\n($N$). We establish that a minimal deviation from the perfectly periodic\ndriving would always result in a {\\it bounded} heating up of the system with\n$N$ to an asymptotic finite value. Remarkably, exploiting the completely\nuncorrelated nature of the randomness and the knowledge of the stroboscopic\nFloquet operator in the perfectly periodic situation, we provide an exact\nanalytical formalism to derive the disorder averaged expectation value of the\nresidual energy through a {\\it disorder operator}. This formalism not only\nleads to an immense numerical simplification, but also enables us to derive an\nexact analytical form for the residual energy in the asymptotic limit which is\nuniversal, i.e, independent of the bias of coin-toss and the protocol chosen.\nFurthermore, this formalism clearly establishes the nature of the monotonic\ngrowth of the residual energy at intermediate $N$ while clearly revealing the\npossible non-universal behaviour of the same.",
        "positive": "Learning nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and dynamical phase\n  transitions: Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics exhibit a variety of complex phenomena\nfar from equilibrium. It inherits challenges of equilibrium, including\naccurately describing the joint distribution of a large number of\nconfigurations, and also poses new challenges as the distribution evolves over\ntime. Characterizing dynamical phase transitions as an emergent behavior\nfurther requires tracking nonequilibrium systems under a control parameter.\nWhile a number of methods have been proposed, such as tensor networks for\none-dimensional lattices, we lack a method for arbitrary time beyond the steady\nstate and for higher dimensions. Here, we develop a general computational\nframework to study the time evolution of nonequilibrium systems in statistical\nmechanics by leveraging variational autoregressive networks, which offer an\nefficient computation on the dynamical partition function, a central quantity\nfor discovering the phase transition. We apply the approach to prototype models\nof nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, including the kinetically constrained\nmodels of structural glasses up to three dimensions. The approach uncovers the\nactive-inactive phase transition of spin flips, the dynamical phase diagram, as\nwell as new scaling relations. The result highlights the potential of machine\nlearning dynamical phase transitions in nonequilibrium systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Mathematical Model for the Behavior of Pedestrians: The movement of pedestrians is supposed to show certain regularities which\ncan be best described by an ``algorithm'' for the individual behavior and is\neasily simulated on computers. This behavior is assumed to be determined by an\nintended velocity, by several attractive and repulsive effects and by\nfluctuations. The movement of pedestrians is dependent on decisions, which have\nthe purpose of optimizing their behavior and can be explicitly modelled. Some\ninteresting applications of the model to real situations are given, especially\nto formation of groups, behavior in queues, avoidance of collisions and\nselection processes between behavioral alternatives.",
        "positive": "Heat conduction in the diatomic Toda lattice revisited: The problem of the diverging thermal conductivity in one-dimensional (1-D)\nlattices is considered. By numerical simulations, it is confirmed that the\nthermal conductivity of the diatomic Toda lattice diverges, which is opposite\nto what one has believed before. Also the diverging exponent is found to be\nalmost the same as the FPU chain. It is reconfirmed that the diverging thermal\nconductivity is universal in 1-D systems where the total momentum preserves."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact large deviation function of spin current for the one dimensional\n  XX spin chain with domain wall initial condition: We investigate the fluctuations of the spin current for the one dimensional\nXX spin chain starting from the domain wall initial condition. The generating\nfunction of the current is shown to be written as a determinant with the Bessel\nkernel. An exact analytical expression for the large deviation function is\nobtained by applying the Coulomb gas method. Our results are also compared with\nDMRG calculations.",
        "positive": "Groups, non-additive entropy and phase transitions: We investigate the possibility of discrete groups furnishing a kinematic\nframework for systems whose thermodynamic behaviour may be given by\nnon-additive entropies. Relying on the well-known result of the growth rate of\nballs of nilpotent groups, we see that maintaining extensivity of the entropy\nof a nilpotent group requires using a non-Boltzmann/Gibbs/Shannon (BGS)\nentropic form. We use the Tsallis entropy as an indicative alternative. Using\nbasic results from hyperbolic and random groups, we investigate the genericity\nand possible range of applicability of the BGS entropy in this context. We\npropose a sufficient condition for phase transitions, in the context of\n(multi-) parameter families of non-additive entropies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Damage spreading in the mode-coupling equations for glasses: We examine the problem of damage spreading in the off-equilibrium mode\ncoupling equations. The study is done for the spherical $p$-spin model\nintroduced by Crisanti, Horner and Sommers. For $p>2$ we show the existence of\na temperature transition $T_0$ well above any relevant thermodynamic transition\ntemperature. Above $T_0$ the asymptotic damage decays to zero while below $T_0$\nit decays to a finite value independent of the initial damage. This transition\nis stable in the presence of asymmetry in the interactions. We discuss the\nphysical origin of this peculiar phase transition which occurs as a consequence\nof the non-linear coupling between the damage and the two-time correlation\nfunctions.",
        "positive": "Metastable configurations on the Bethe lattice: We present a general analytic method to compute the number of metastable\nconfigurations as a function of the energy for a system of interacting Ising\nspins on the Bethe lattice. Our approach is based on the cavity method. We\napply it to the case of ferromagnetic interactions, and also to the binary and\nGaussian spin glasses. Most of our results are obtained within the replica\nsymmetric ansatz, but we illustrate how replica symmetry breaking can be\nperformed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information-theoretic vs. thermodynamic entropy production in autonomous\n  sensory networks: For sensory networks, we determine the rate with which they acquire\ninformation about the changing external conditions. Comparing this rate with\nthe thermodynamic entropy production that quantifies the cost of maintaining\nthe network, we find that there is no universal bound restricting the rate of\nobtaining information to be less than this thermodynamic cost. These results\nare obtained within a general bipartite model consisting of a stochastically\nchanging environment that affects the instantaneous transition rates within the\nsystem. Moreover, they are illustrated with a simple four-states model\nmotivated by cellular sensing. On the technical level, we obtain an upper bound\non the rate of mutual information analytically and calculate this rate with a\nnumerical method that estimates the entropy of a time-series generated with a\nsimulation.",
        "positive": "The Classical Spectral Density Method at Work: The Heisenberg\n  Ferromagnet: In this article we review a less known unperturbative and powerful many-body\nmethod in the framework of classical statistical mechanics and then we show how\nit works by means of explicit calculations for a nontrivial classical model.\nThe formalism of two-time Green functions in classical statistical mechanics is\npresented in a form parallel to the well known quantum counterpart, focusing on\nthe spectral properties which involve the important concept of spectral\ndensity. Furthermore, the general ingredients of the classical spectral density\nmethod (CSDM) are presented with insights for systematic nonperturbative\napproximations to study conveniently the macroscopic properties of a wide\nvariety of classical many-body systems also involving phase transitions. The\nmethod is implemented by means of key ideas for exploring the spectrum of\nelementary excitations and the damping effects within a unified formalism.\nThen, the effectiveness of the CSDM is tested with explicit calculations for\nthe classical $d$-dimensional spin-$S$ Heisenberg ferromagnetic model with\nlong-range exchange interactions decaying as $r^{-p}$ ($p>d$) with distance $r$\nbetween spins and in the presence of an external magnetic field. The analysis\nof the thermodynamic and critical properties, performed by means of the CSDM to\nthe lowest order of approximation, shows clearly that nontrivial results can be\nobtained in a relatively simple manner already to this lower stage. The basic\nspectral density equations for the next higher order level are also presented\nand the damping of elementary spin excitations in the low temperature regime is\nstudied. The results appear in reasonable agreement with available exact ones\nand Monte Carlo simulations and this supports the CSDM as a promising method of\ninvestigation in classical many-body theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological correlations in trivial knots: new arguments in support of\n  the crumpled polymer globule: We prove the fractal crumpled structure of collapsed unknotted polymer ring.\nIn this state the polymer chain forms a system of densely packed folds,\nmutually separated in all scales. The proof is based on the numerical and\nanalytical investigation of topological correlations in randomly generated\ndense knots on strips $L_{v} \\times L_{h}$ of widths $L_{v}=3,5$. We have\nanalyzed the conditional probability of the fact that a part of an unknotted\nchain is also almost unknotted. The complexity of dense knots and quasi--knots\nis characterized by the power $n$ of the Jones--Kauffman polynomial invariant.\nIt is shown, that for long strips $L_{h} \\gg L_{v}$ the knot complexity $n$ is\nproportional to the length of the strip $L_{h}$. At the same time, the typical\ncomplexity of the quasi--knot which is a part of trivial knot behaves as $n\\sim\n\\sqrt{L_{h}}$ and hence is significantly smaller. Obtained results show that\ntopological state of any part of the trivial knot in a collapsed phase is\nalmost trivial.",
        "positive": "Random Resistor-Diode Networks and the Crossover from Isotropic to\n  Directed Percolation: By employing the methods of renormalized field theory we show that the\npercolation behavior of random resistor-diode networks near the multicritical\nline belongs to the universality class of isotropic percolation. We construct a\nmesoscopic model from the general epidemic process by including a relevant\nisotropy-breaking perturbation. We present a two-loop calculation of the\ncrossover exponent $\\phi$. Upon blending the $\\epsilon$-expansion result with\nthe exact value $\\phi =1$ for one dimension by a rational approximation, we\nobtain for two dimensions $\\phi = 1.29\\pm 0.05$. This value is in agreement\nwith the recent simulations of a two-dimensional random diode network by Inui,\nKakuno, Tretyakov, Komatsu, and Kameoka, who found an order parameter exponent\n$\\beta$ different from those of isotropic and directed percolation.\nFurthermore, we reconsider the theory of the full crossover from isotropic to\ndirected percolation by Frey, T\\\"{a}uber, and Schwabl and clear up some minor\nshortcomings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamic memory can boost enormously driven nonlinear diffusion and\n  transport: Hydrodynamic memory force or Basset force is known since the 19th-century.\nIts influence on Brownian motion remains, however, mostly unexplored. Here, we\ninvestigate its role in nonlinear transport and diffusion within a paradigmatic\nmodel of tilted washboard potential. In this model, a giant enhancement of\ndriven diffusion over its potential-free limit presents a well-established\nparadoxical phenomenon. In the overdamped limit, it occurs at a critical tilt\nof vanishing potential barriers. However, for weak damping, it takes place\nsurprisingly at another critical tilt, where the potential barriers are clearly\nexpressed. Recently we showed that Basset force could make such a diffusion\nenhancement enormously large. In this paper, we discover that even for\nmoderately strong damping, where the overdamped theory works very well when the\nmemory effects are negligible, substantial hydrodynamic memory unexpectedly\nmakes a strong impact. First, the diffusion boost occurs at non-vanishing\npotential barriers and can be orders of magnitude larger. Second, transient\nanomalous diffusion regimes emerge over many time decades and potential\nperiods. Third, particles' mobility can also be dramatically enhanced, and a\nlong transient super-transport regime emerges.",
        "positive": "Vortex mass in the three-dimensional $O(2)$ scalar theory: We study the spontaneously broken phase of the $XY$ model in three\ndimensions, with boundary conditions enforcing the presence of a vortex line.\nComparing Monte Carlo and field theoretic determinations of the magnetization\nand energy density profiles, we numerically determine the mass of the vortex\nparticle in the underlying $O(2)$-invariant quantum field theory. The result\nshows, in particular, that the obstruction posed by Derrick's theorem to the\nexistence of stable topological particles in scalar theories in more than two\ndimensions does not in general persist beyond the classical level."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Subdiffusion in a system consisting of two different media separated by\n  a thin membrane: We consider subdiffusion in a system which consists of two media separated by\na thin membrane. The subdiffusion parameters may be different in each of the\nmedium. Using the new method presented in this paper we derive the\nprobabilities (the Green's functions) describing a particle's random walk in\nthe system. Within this method we firstly consider the particle's random walk\nin a system with both discrete time and space variables in which a particle can\nvanish due to reactions with constant probabilities $R_1$ and $R_2$, defined\nseparately for each medium. Then, we move from discrete to continuous\nvariables. The reactions included in the model play a supporting role. We link\nthe reaction probabilities with the other subdiffusion parameters which\ncharacterize the media by means of the formulae presented in this paper.\nCalculating the generating functions for the difference equations describing\nthe random walk in the composite membrane system with reactions, which depend\nexplicitly on $R_1$ and $R_2$, we are able to correctly incorporate the\nsubdiffusion parameters of both the media into the Green's functions. Finally,\nplacing $R_1=R_2=0$ into the obtained functions we get the Green's functions\nfor the composite membrane system without any reactions. From the obtained\nGreen's functions, we derive the boundary conditions at the thin membrane. One\nof the boundary conditions contains the Riemann--Liouville fractional time\nderivative, which shows that the additional `memory effect' is created in the\nsystem. As is discussed in this paper, the `memory effect' can be created both\nby the membrane and by the discontinuity of the medium at the point at which\nthe various media are joined.",
        "positive": "Three-dimensional monopole-free CP$^{N-1}$ models: Behavior in the\n  presence of a quartic potential: We investigate the phase diagram and the nature of the phase transitions in a\nthree-dimensional model characterized by a global SU($N$) symmetry, a local\nU(1) symmetry, and the absence of monopoles. It represents a natural\ngeneralization of the gauge monopole-free (MF) CP$^{N-1}$ model, in which the\nfixed-length constraint (London limit) is relaxed. We have performed Monte\nCarlo simulations for $N=2$ and 25, observing a finite-temperature transition\nin both cases, related to the condensation of a local gauge-invariant order\nparameter. For $N=2$ results for the MF model are consistent with a weak\nfirst-order transition. A continuous transition would be possible only if\nscaling corrections were anomalously large. For $N=25$ the results in the\ngeneral MF model are also consistent with a first-order transition, that\nbecomes weaker as the size of the field-length fluctuations decreases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Feedback and the Regulation of Biological Rhythms: We propose a general approach to the question of how biological rhythms\nspontaneously self-regulate, based on the concept of ``stochastic feedback''.\nWe illustrate this approach by considering the neuroautonomic regulation of the\nheart rate. The model generates complex dynamics and successfully accounts for\nkey characteristics of cardiac variability, including the $1/f$ power spectrum,\nthe functional form and scaling of the distribution of variations, and\ncorrelations in the Fourier phases. Our results suggest that in healthy systems\nthe control mechanisms operate to drive the system away from extreme values\nwhile not allowing it to settle down to a constant output.",
        "positive": "Spreading in narrow channels: We study a lattice model for the spreading of fluid films, which are a few\nmolecular layers thick, in narrow channels with inert lateral walls. We focus\non systems connected to two particle reservoirs at different chemical\npotentials, considering an attractive substrate potential at the bottom,\nconfining side walls, and hard-core repulsive fluid-fluid interactions. Using\nkinetic Monte Carlo simulations we find a diffusive behavior. The corresponding\ndiffusion coefficient depends on the density and is bounded from below by the\nfree one-dimensional diffusion coefficient, valid for an inert bottom wall.\nThese numerical results are rationalized within the corresponding continuum\nlimit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Charged oscillator in a heat bath in the presence of a magnetic field &\n  third law of thermodynamics: The quantum thermodynamic behaviour of a charged oscillator in the presence\nof a magnetic field and coupled to a heat bath through different coupling\nschemes is obtained analytically. It is shown that finite dissipation\nsubstitutes the zero-coupling result of exponential decay of entropy by a power\nlaw behaviour at low temperature. For the coordinate-coordinates coupling\nscheme the low temperature explicit results for the case of Ohmic,\nexponentially correlated and more generalized heat bath models are derived. In\nall the above mentioned cases free energy and entropy vanish linearly with\ntemperature ($T$) as $T\\to 0$ in conformity with Nernst's theorem. It is seen\nthat coordinate (velocity)-velocities (coordinates) coupling is much more\nbeneficial than the coordinate-coordinates coupling to ensure third law of\nthermodynamics. The case of radiation heat bath shows $T^3$ decay behaviour for\nentropy as $T\\to 0$. It is observed that at low temperature free energy and\nentropy decay faster for the velocity-velocities scheme than any other coupling\nschemes. This implies velocity-velocities coupling scheme is the most\nadvantageous coupling scheme in restoring the third law of thermodynamics. It\nis shown that the low temperature thermodynamic functions are independent of\nmagnetic field for all the above mentioned cases except the without dissipation\ncase.",
        "positive": "Canonical free-energy barrier of particle and polymer cluster formation: A common approach to study nucleation rates is the estimation of free-energy\nbarriers. This usually requires knowledge about the shape of the forming\ndroplet, a task that becomes notoriously difficult in macromolecular setups\nstarting with a proper definition of the cluster boundary. Here, we demonstrate\na shape-free determination of the free energy for temperature-driven cluster\nformation in particle as well as polymer systems. Combined with rigorous\nresults on equilibrium droplet formation, this allows for a well-defined\nfinite-size scaling analysis of the effective interfacial free energy at fixed\ndensity. We first verify the theoretical predictions for the formation of a\nliquid droplet in a supersaturated particle gas by generalized-ensemble Monte\nCarlo simulations of a Lennard-Jones system. Going one step further, we then\ngeneralize this approach to cluster formation in a dilute polymer solution. Our\nresults suggest an analogy with particle condensation, when the macromolecules\nare interpreted as extended particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Resonance for Non-Equilibrium Systems: Stochastic resonance (SR) is a prominent phenomenon in many natural and\nengineered noisy system, whereby the response to a periodic forcing is greatly\namplified when the intensity of the noise is tuned to within a specific range\nof values. We propose here a general mathematical framework based on large\ndeviation theory, and, specifically, on the theory of quasi-potentials, for\ndescribing SR in noisy N-dimensional non-equilibrium systems possessing two\nmetastable states and undergoing a periodically modulated forcing. The drift\nand the volatility fields of the equations of motion can be fairly general and\nthe competing attractors of the deterministic dynamics and the edge state\nliving on the basin boundary can, in principle, feature chaotic dynamics.\nSimilarly, the perturbation field of the forcing can be fairly general. Our\napproach is able to recover as special cases the classical results previously\npresented in the literature for systems obeying detailed balance and allows for\nexpressing the parameters describing SR and the statistics of residence times\nin the two-state approximation in terms of the unperturbed drift field, the\nvolatility field, and the perturbation field. We clarify which specific\nproperties of the forcing are relevant for amplifying or suppressing SR in a\nsystem, and classify forcings according to classes of equivalence. Our results\nindicate a route for a detailed understanding of SR in rather general systems.",
        "positive": "Enhanced Quantum Transport in Multiplex Networks: Quantum transport through disordered structures is inhibited by (Anderson)\nlocalization effects. The disorder can be either topological as in random\nnetworks or energetical as in the original Anderson model. In both cases the\neigenstates of the Hamiltonian associated with the network become localized. We\nshow how to overcome localization by network multiplexing. Here, multiple\nlayers of random networks with the same number of nodes are stacked in such a\nway that in the perpendicular directions regular one-dimensional networks are\nformed. Depending on the ratio of the coupling within the layer and\nperpendicular to it, transport gets either enhanced or diminished. In\nparticular, if the couplings are of the same order, transport gets enhanced and\nlocalization effects can be overcome. We exemplify our results by two examples:\nmultiplexes of random networks and of one-dimensional Anderson models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Global Density Profile for Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process from\n  Renormalization Group Flows: The totally asymmetric simple exclusion process along with particle\nadsorption and evaporation kinetics is a model of boundary-induced\nnonequilibrium phase transition. In the continuum limit, the average particle\ndensity across the system is described by a singular differential equation\ninvolving multiple scales which lead to the formation of boundary layers (BL)\nor shocks. A renormalization group analysis is developed here by using the\nlocation and the width of the BL as the renormalization parameters. It not only\nallows us to cure the large distance divergences in the perturbative solution\nfor the BL but also generates, from the BL solution, an analytical form for the\nglobal density profile. The predicted scaling form is checked against numerical\nsolutions for finite systems.",
        "positive": "Localization of defects via residence time measures: We show that residence time measure can be used to identify the geometrical\nand transmission properties of a defect along a path. The model we study is\nbased on a one--dimensional simple random walk. The sites of the lattice are\nregular, i.e., the jumping probabilities are the same in each site, except for\na site, called \\emph{defect}, where the jumping probabilities are different. At\neach side of the lattice an absorbing site is present. We show that by\nmeasuring the fraction of particles crossing the channel and/or the typical\ntime they need to cross it, it is possible to identify the main features of the\nlattice and of the defect site, namely, the jumping probabilities at regular\nand at the defect sites and the position of the defect in the lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Liquid state properties from first principles DFT calculations: Static\n  properties: In order to test the Vibration-Transit (V-T) theory of liquid dynamics, ab\ninitio density functional theory (DFT) calculations of thermodynamic properties\nof Na and Cu are performed and compared with experimental data. The\ncalculations are done for the crystal at T = 0 and T_m, and for the liquid at\nT_m. The key theoretical quantities for crystal and liquid are the structural\npotential and the dynamical matrix, both as function of volume. The theoretical\nequations are presented, as well as details of the DFT computations. The\nproperties compared with experiment are the equilibrium volume, the isothermal\nbulk modulus, the internal energy and the entropy. The agreement of theory with\nexperiment is uniformly good. Our primary conclusion is that the application of\nDFT to V-T theory is feasible, and the resulting liquid calculations achieve\nthe same level of accuracy as does ab initio lattice dynamics for crystals.\nMoreover, given the well established reliability of DFT, the present results\nprovide a significant confirmation of V-T theory itself.",
        "positive": "Order parameter for two-dimensional critical systems with boundaries: Conformal transformations can be used to obtain the order parameter for\ntwo-dimensional systems at criticality in finite geometries with fixed boundary\nconditions on a connected boundary. To the known examples of this class (such\nas the disk and the infinite strip) we contribute the case of a rectangle. We\nshow that the order parameter profile for simply connected boundaries can be\nrepresented as a universal function (independent of the criticality model)\nraised to the power eta/2. The universal function can be determined from the\nGaussian model or equivalently a problem in two-dimensional electrostatics. We\nshow that fitting the order parameter profile to the theoretical form gives an\naccurate route to the determination of eta. We perform numerical simulations\nfor the Ising model and percolation for comparison with these analytic\npredictions, and apply this approach to the study of the planar rotor model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Degree distribution of complex networks from statistical mechanics\n  principles: In this paper we describe the emergence of scale-free degree distributions\nfrom statistical mechanics principles. We define an energy associated to a\ndegree sequence as the logarithm of the number of indistinguishable simple\nnetworks it is possible to draw given the degree sequence. Keeping fixed the\ntotal number of nodes and links, we show that the energy of scale-free\ndistribution is much higher than the energy associated to the degree sequence\nof regular random graphs. This results unable us to estimate the annealed\naverage of the number of distinguishable simple graphs it is possible to draw\ngiven a scale-free distribution with structural cutoff. In particular we shaw\nthat this number for large networks is strongly suppressed for power -law\nexponent \\gamma->2.",
        "positive": "Simulated tempering with irreversible Gibbs sampling techniques: We present here two novel algorithms for simulated tempering simulations,\nwhich break detailed balance condition (DBC) but satisfy the skewed detailed\nbalance to ensure invariance of the target distribution. The irreversible\nmethods we present here are based on Gibbs sampling and concern breaking DBC at\nthe update scheme of the temperature swaps. We utilise three systems as a test\nbed for our methods: an MCMC simulation on a simple system described by a 1D\ndouble well potential, the Ising model and MD simulations on Alanine\npentapeptide (ALA5). The relaxation times of inverse temperature, magnetic\nsusceptibility and energy density for the Ising model indicate clear gains in\nsampling efficiency over conventional Gibbs sampling techniques with DBC and\nalso over the conventionally used simulated tempering with Metropolis-Hastings\n(MH) scheme. Simulations on ALA5 with large number of temperatures indicate\ndistinct gains in mixing times for inverse temperature and consequently the\nenergy of the system compared to conventional MH. With no additional\ncomputational overhead, our methods were found to be more efficient\nalternatives to conventionally used simulated tempering methods with DBC. Our\nalgorithms should be particularly advantageous in simulations of large systems\nwith many temperature ladders, as our algorithms showed a more favorable\nconstant scaling in Ising spin systems as compared with both reversible and\nirreversible MH algorithms. In future applications, our irreversible methods\ncan also be easily tailored to utilize a given dynamical variable other than\ntemperature to flatten rugged free energy landscapes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information and thermodynamics: Experimental verification of Landauer's\n  erasure principle: We present an experiment in which a one-bit memory is constructed, using a\nsystem of a single colloidal particle trapped in a modulated double-well\npotential. We measure the amount of heat dissipated to erase a bit and we\nestablish that in the limit of long erasure cycles the mean dissipated heat\nsaturates at the Landauer bound, i.e. the minimal quantity of heat necessarily\nproduced to delete a classical bit of information. This result demonstrates the\nintimate link between information theory and thermodynamics. To stress this\nconnection we also show that a detailed Jarzynski equality is verified,\nretrieving the Landauer's bound independently of the work done on the system.\nThe experimental details are presented and the experimental errors carefully\ndiscussed",
        "positive": "Jamming of directed traffic on a square lattice: Phase transition from a free-flow phase to a jammed phase is an important\nfeature of traffic networks. We study this transition in the case of a simple\nsquare lattice network for different values of data posting rate $(\\rho)$ by\nintroducing a parameter $p$ which selects a neighbour for onward data transfer\ndepending on queued traffic. For every $\\rho$ there is a critical value of $p$\nabove which the system become jammed. The $\\rho-p$ phase diagram shows some\ninteresting features. We also show that the average load diverges\nlogarithmically as $p$ approaches $p_c$ and the queue length distribution\nexhibits exponential and algebraic nature in different regions of the phase\ndiagram."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structural Relaxation and Frequency Dependent Specific Heat in a\n  Supercooled Liquid: We have studied the relation between the structural relaxation and the\nfrequency dependent thermal response or the specific heat, $c_p(\\omega)$, in a\nsupercooled liquid.\n  The Mode Coupling Theory (MCT) results are used to obtain\n  $c_p(\\omega)$ corresponding to different wavevectors. Due to the two-step\nrelaxation process present in the MCT, an extra peak, in addition to the low\nfrequency peak, is predicted in specific heat at high frequency.",
        "positive": "Jump Processes with Deterministic and Stochastic Controls: We consider the dynamics of a 1D system evolving according to a deterministic\ndrift and randomly forced by two types of jumps processes, one representing an\nexternal, uncontrolled forcing and the other one a control that instantaneously\nresets the system according to specified protocols (either deterministic or\nstochastic). We develop a general theory, which includes a different\nformulation of the master equation using antecedent and posterior jump states,\nand obtain an analytical solution for steady state. The relevance of the theory\nis illustrated with reference to stochastic irrigation to assess\nprobabilistically crop-failure risk, a problem of interest for environmental\ngeophysics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of ferromagnetic spin models with aperiodic exchange\n  interactions: We review recent investigations of the critical behavior of ferromagnetic\n$q$-state Potts models on a class of hierarchical lattices, with exchange\ninteractions according to some deterministic but aperiodic substitution rules.\nThe problem is formulated in terms of exact recursion relations on a suitable\nparameter space. The analysis of the fixed points of these equations leads to a\ncriterion to gauge the relevance of the aperiodic geometric fluctuations. For\nirrelevant fluctuations, the critical behavior remains unchanged with respect\nto the underlying uniform models. In the presence of relevant fluctuations, a\nnon-trivial symmetric fixed point, associated with the critical behavior of the\nuniform model, becomes fully unstable, and there appears a two-cycle of the\nrecursion relations. A scaling analysis, supported by direct numerical\nthermodynamical calculations, shows the existence of a novel critical\nuniversality class associated with relevant geometric fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Boundary critical behaviour of two-dimensional random Ising models: Using Monte Carlo techniques and a star-triangle transformation, Ising models\nwith random, 'strong' and 'weak', nearest-neighbour ferromagnetic couplings on\na square lattice with a (1,1) surface are studied near the phase transition.\nBoth surface and bulk critical properties are investigated. In particular, the\ncritical exponents of the surface magnetization, 'beta_1', of the correlation\nlength, 'nu', and of the critical surface correlations, 'eta_{\\parallel}', are\nanalysed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Particle Entity in the Doi-Peliti and Response Field Formalisms: We introduce a procedure to test a theory for point particle entity, that is,\nwhether said theory takes into account the discrete nature of the constituents\nof the system. We then identify the mechanism whereby particle entity is\nenforced in the context of two field-theoretic frameworks designed to\nincorporate the particle nature of the degrees of freedom, namely the\nDoi-Peliti field theory and the response field theory that derives from Dean's\nequation. While the Doi-Peliti field theory encodes the particle nature at a\nvery fundamental level that is easily revealed, demonstrating the same for\nDean's equation is more involved and results in a number of surprising\ndiagrammatic identities. We derive those and discuss their implications. These\nresults are particularly pertinent in the context of active matter, whose\nsurprising and often counterintuitive phenomenology rests wholly on the\nparticle nature of the agents and their degrees of freedom as particles.",
        "positive": "Higgs Boson in Superconductors: Superfluid helium, describable by a two-component order parameter, exhibits\nonly the Bogolubov mode with energy $\\to 0$ at long wavelengths, while a\nLorentz-invariant theory with a two-component order parameter exhibits a finite\nenergy mode at long wavelengths (the Higgs Boson), besides the above mass-less\nmode. The mass-less mode moves to high energies if it couples to\nelectromagnetic fields (the Anderson-Higgs mechanism). Superconductors, on the\nother hand have been theoretically and experimentally shown to exhibit both\nmodes. This occurs because the excitations in superconductors have an\n(approximate) particle-hole symmetry and therefore show a similarity to\nLorentz-invariant theories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superfluid and Mott Insulator phases of one-dimensional Bose-Fermi\n  mixtures: We study the ground state phases of Bose-Fermi mixtures in one-dimensional\noptical lattices with quantum Monte Carlo simulations using the Canonical Worm\nalgorithm. Depending on the filling of bosons and fermions, and the on-site\nintra- and inter-species interaction, different kinds of incompressible and\nsuperfluid phases appear. On the compressible side, correlations between bosons\nand fermions can lead to a distinctive behavior of the bosonic superfluid\ndensity and the fermionic stiffness, as well as of the equal-time Green\nfunctions, which allow one to identify regions where the two species exhibit\nanticorrelated flow. We present here complete phase diagrams for these systems\nat different fillings and as a function of the interaction parameters.",
        "positive": "Self-propulsion and self-navigation: Activity is a precursor to jamming: Traffic jams are an everyday hindrance to transport, and typically arise when\nmany vehicles have the same or a similar destination. We show, however, that\neven when uniformly distributed in space and uncorrelated, targets have a\ncrucial effect on transport. At modest densities an instability arises leading\nto jams with emergent correlations between the targets. By considering limiting\ncases of the dynamics which map onto active Brownian particles, we argue that\nmotility induced phase separation is the precursor to jams. That is, jams are\nMIPS seeds that undergo an extra instability due to target accumulation. This\nprovides a quantitative prediction of the onset density for jamming, and\nsuggests how jamming might be delayed or prevented. We study the transition\nbetween jammed and flowing phase, and find that transport is most efficient on\nthe cusp of jamming."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Langevin equations for reaction-diffusion processes: For reaction-diffusion processes with at most bimolecular reactants, we\nderive well-behaved, numerically tractable, exact Langevin equations that\ngovern a stochastic variable related to the response field in field theory.\nUsing duality relations, we show how the particle number and other quantities\nof interest can be computed. Our work clarifies long-standing conceptual issues\nencountered in field-theoretical approaches and paves the way for systematic\nnumerical and theoretical analyses of reaction-diffusion problems.",
        "positive": "Chaotic behavior and damage spreading in the Glauber Ising model - a\n  master equation approach: We investigate the sensitivity of the time evolution of a kinetic Ising model\nwith Glauber dynamics against the initial conditions. To do so we apply the\n\"damage spreading\" method, i.e., we study the simultaneous evolution of two\nidentical systems subjected to the same thermal noise. We derive a master\nequation for the joint probability distribution of the two systems. We then\nsolve this master equation within an effective-field approximation which goes\nbeyond the usual mean-field approximation by retaining the fluctuations though\nin a quite simplistic manner. The resulting effective-field theory is applied\nto different physical situations. It is used to analyze the fixed points of the\nmaster equation and their stability and to identify regular and chaotic phases\nof the Glauber Ising model. We also discuss the relation of our results to\ndirected percolation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Matrix product approach for the asymmetric random average process: We consider the asymmetric random average process which is a one-dimensional\nstochastic lattice model with nearest neighbour interaction but continuous and\nunbounded state variables. First, the explicit functional representations,\nso-called beta densities, of all local interactions leading to steady states of\nproduct measure form are rigorously derived. This also completes an outstanding\nproof given in a previous publication. Then, we present an alternative solution\nfor the processes with factorized stationary states by using a matrix product\nansatz. Due to continuous state variables we obtain a matrix algebra in form of\na functional equation which can be solved exactly.",
        "positive": "Two-dimensional one-component plasma on a Flamm's paraboloid: We study the classical non-relativistic two-dimensional one-component plasma\nat Coulomb coupling Gamma=2 on the Riemannian surface known as Flamm's\nparaboloid which is obtained from the spatial part of the Schwarzschild metric.\nAt this special value of the coupling constant, the statistical mechanics of\nthe system are exactly solvable analytically. The Helmholtz free energy\nasymptotic expansion for the large system has been found. The density of the\nplasma, in the thermodynamic limit, has been carefully studied in various\nsituations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Duality and hidden equilibrium in transport models: A large family of diffusive models of transport that has been considered in\nthe past years admits a transformation into the same model in contact with an\nequilibrium bath. This mapping holds at the full dynamical level, and is\nindependent of dimension or topology. It provides a good opportunity to discuss\nquestions of time reversal in out of equilibrium contexts. In particular,\nthanks to the mapping one may define the free-energy in the non-equilibrium\nstates very naturally as the (usual) free energy of the mapped system.",
        "positive": "Universal features of exit probability in opinion dynamics models with\n  domain size dependent dynamics: We study the exit probability for several binary opinion dynamics models in\none dimension in which the opinion state (represented by $\\pm 1$) of an agent\nis determined by dynamical rules dependent on the size of its neighbouring\ndomains. In all these models, we find the exit probability behaves like a step\nfunction in the thermodynamic limit. In a finite system of size $L$, the exit\nprobability $E(x)$ as a function of the initial fraction $x$ of one type of\nopinion is given by $E(x) = f[(x-x_c)L^{1/\\nu}]$ with a universal value of $\\nu\n= 2.5 \\pm 0.03$. The form of the scaling function is also universal: $f(y) =\n[\\tanh(\\lambda y +c) +1]/2$, where $\\lambda$ is found to be dependent on the\nparticular dynamics. The variation of $\\lambda$ against the parameters of the\nmodels is studied. $c$ is non-zero only when the dynamical rule distinguishes\nbetween $\\pm 1$ states; comparison with theoretical estimates in this case\nshows very good agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "False Onsager relations: Recent research suggests that when a system has a \"false time reversal\nviolation\" the Onsager reciprocity relations hold despite the presence of a\nmagnetic field. The purpose of this work is to clarify that the Onsager\nrelations may well be violated in presence of a \"false time reversal\nviolation\": that rather guarantees the validity of distinct relations, which we\ndub \"false Onsager relations\". We also point out that for quantum systems\n\"false time reversal violation\" is omnipresent and comment that, per se, this\nhas in general no consequence in regard to the validity of Onsager relations,\nor the more general non-equilibrium fluctuation relations, in presence of a\nmagnetic field. Our arguments are illustrated with the Heisenberg model of a\nmagnet in an external magnetic field.",
        "positive": "Path-integral Monte Carlo simulation of time-reversal noninvariant bulk\n  systems with a case study of rotating Yukawa gases: We elaborate on the methodology to simulate bulk systems in the absence of\ntime-reversal symmetry by the phase-fixed path-integral Monte Carlo method\nunder (possibly twisted) periodic boundary conditions. Such systems include\ntwo-dimensional electrons in the quantum Hall regime and rotating ultracold\nBose and Fermi gases; time-reversal symmetry is broken by an external magnetic\nfield and the Coriolis force, respectively. We provide closed-form expressions\nin terms of Jacobi elliptic functions for the thermal density matrix (or the\nEuclidean propagator) of a single particle on a flat torus under very general\nconditions. We then modify the multi-slice sampling method in order to sample\npaths by the magnitude of the complex-valued thermal density matrix. Finally,\nwe demonstrate that these inventions let us study the vortex melting process of\na two-dimensional Yukawa gas in terms of the de Boer interaction strength\nparameter, temperature, and rotation (Coriolis force). The bosonic case is\nrelevant to ultracold Fermi-Fermi mixtures of widely different masses under\nrotation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary conditions at a fluid - solid interface: We study the boundary conditions at a fluid-solid interface using molecular\ndynamics simulations covering a broad range of fluid-solid interactions and\nfluid densities, and both simple and chain-molecule fluids. The slip length is\nshown to be independent of the type of flow, but rather is related to the fluid\norganization near the solid, as governed by the fluid-solid molecular\ninteractions.",
        "positive": "Collective excitation of trapped degenerate Fermi gases: We show that the slow driving of a focused laser beam through the cloud of\ntrapped cold fermions allows for a creation of the collective excitation in the\nsystem. The method, proposed originally by us for bosons, seems to be quite\nfeasible experimentally -- it requires only an appropriate change in time of\nthe potential in atomic traps, as realized in laboratories already."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fundamental properties of Tsallis relative entropy: Fundamental properties for the Tsallis relative entropy in both classical and\nquantum systems are studied. As one of our main results, we give the parametric\nextension of the trace inequality between the quantum relative entropy and the\nminus of the trace of the relative operator entropy given by Hiai and Petz. The\nmonotonicity of the quantum Tsallis relative entropy for the trace preserving\ncompletely positive linear map is also shown without the assumption that the\ndensity operators are invertible.\n  The generalized Tsallis relative entropy is defined and its subadditivity is\nshown by its joint convexity. Moreover, the generalized Peierls-Bogoliubov\ninequality is also proven.",
        "positive": "Low temperature specific heat of glasses: a non-extensive approach: Specific heat is calculated using Tsallis statistics. It is observed that it\nis possible to explain some low temperature specific heat properties of glasses\nusing non-extensive approach. A similarity between temperature dependence of\nnon-extensive specific heat and fractal specific heat is also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical domain-wall dynamics of model B: With Monte Carlo methods, we simulate the critical domain-wall dynamics of\nmodel B, taking the two-dimensional Ising model as an example. In the\nmacroscopic short-time regime, a dynamic scaling form is revealed. Due to the\nexistence of the quasi-random walkers, the magnetization shows intrinsic\ndependence on the lattice size $L$. A new exponent which governs the\n$L$-dependence of the magnetization is measured to be $\\sigma=0.243(8)$.",
        "positive": "Unattainability of Carnot efficiency in thermal motors: Coarse-graining\n  and entropy production of Feynman-Smoluchowski ratchet: We revisit and analyze the thermodynamic efficiency of the\nFeynman-Smoluchowski (FS) ratchet, a classical thought experiment describing an\nautonomous heat-work converter. Starting from the full kinetics of the FS\nratchet and deriving the exact forms of the hidden dissipations resulting from\ncoarse-graining, we restate the historical controversy over its thermodynamic\nefficiency. The existence of hidden entropy productions implies that the\nstandard framework of stochastic thermodynamics applied to the coarse-grained\ndescriptions fails in capturing the dissipative feature of the system. In\nresponse to this problem, we explore an extended framework of stochastic\nthermodynamics to reconstruct the hidden entropy production from the\ncoarse-grained dynamics. The approach serves as a key example of how we can\nsystematically address the problem of thermodynamic efficiency in a\nmulti-variable fluctuating non-equilibrium system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo study of dynamic phase transition in Ising metamagnet driven\n  by oscillating magnetic field: The dynamical responses of Ising metamagnet (layered antiferromagnet) in the\npresence of a sinusoidally oscillating magnetic field are studied by Monte\nCarlo simulation. The time average staggered magnetisation plays the role of\ndynamic order parameter. A dynamical phase transition was observed and a phase\ndiagram was plotted in the plane formed by field amplitude and temperature. The\ndynamical phase boundary is observed to shrink inward as the relative\nantiferromagnetic strength decreases. The results are compared with that\nobtained from pure ferromagnetic system. The shape of dynamic phase boundary\nobserved to be qualitatively similar to that obtained from previous meanfield\ncalculations.",
        "positive": "Tight-binding billiards: Recent works have established universal entanglement properties and\ndemonstrated validity of single-particle eigenstate thermalization in\nquantum-chaotic quadratic Hamiltonians. However, a common property of all\nquantum-chaotic quadratic Hamiltonians studied in this context so far is the\npresence of random terms that act as a source of disorder. Here we introduce\ntight-binding billiards in two dimensions, which are described by\nnon-interacting spinless fermions on a disorder-free square lattice subject to\ncurved open (hard-wall) boundaries. We show that many properties of\ntight-binding billiards match those of quantum-chaotic quadratic Hamiltonians:\nthe average entanglement entropy of many-body eigenstates approaches the random\nmatrix theory predictions and one-body observables in single-particle\neigenstates obey the single-particle eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. On\nthe other hand, a degenerate subset of single-particle eigenstates at zero\nenergy (i.e., the zero modes) can be described as chiral particles whose\nwavefunctions are confined to one of the sublattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Force and kinetic barriers in unzipping of DNA: A theory of the unzipping of double-stranded (ds) DNA is presented, and is\ncompared to recent micromanipulation experiments. It is shown that the\ninteractions which stabilize the double helix and the elastic rigidity of\nsingle strands (ss) simply determine the sequence dependent =12 pN force\nthreshold for DNA strand separation. Using a semi-microscopic model of the\nbinding between nucleotide strands, we show that the greater rigidity of the\nstrands when formed into dsDNA, relative to that of isolated strands, gives\nrise to a potential barrier to unzipping. The effects of this barrier are\nderived analytically. The force to keep the extremities of the molecule at a\nfixed distance, the kinetic rates for strand unpairing at fixed applied force,\nand the rupture force as a function of loading rate are calculated. The\ndependence of the kinetics and of the rupture force on molecule length is also\nanalyzed.",
        "positive": "Universality in Three Dimensional Random-Field Ground States: We investigate the critical behavior of three-dimensional random-field Ising\nsystems with both Gauss and bimodal distribution of random fields and\nadditional the three-dimensional diluted Ising antiferromagnet in an external\nfield. These models are expected to be in the same universality class. We use\nexact ground-state calculations with an integer optimization algorithm and by a\nfinite-size scaling analysis we calculate the critical exponents nu, beta, and\ngamma-bar. While the random-field model with Gauss distribution of random\nfields and the diluted antiferromagnet appear to be in same universality class,\nthe critical exponents of the random-field model with bimodal distribution of\nrandom fields seem to be significantly different."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adsorbed states of a long - flexible polymer chain: A phase diagram for a surface-interacting long flexible polymer chain in a\ntwo-dimensional poor solvent where the possibility of collapse exists is\ndetermined using exact enumeration method. A model of a self-attracting self\navoiding walk (SASAW) on a square lattice was considered and up to 28 steps in\nseries were evaluated. A new adsorbed state having the conformation of a\nsurface attached globule is found. Four phases (i) desorbed expanded, (ii)\ndesorbed collapsed, (iii) adsorbed expanded and (iv) surface attached globule\nare found to meet at a point on the adsorption line.",
        "positive": "Local equilibrium and the second law of thermodynamics for irreversible\n  systems with thermodynamic inertia: Validity of local equilibrium has been questioned for non-equilibrium systems\nwhich are characterized by delayed response. In particular, for systems with\nnon-zero thermodynamic inertia, the assumption of local equilibrium leads to\nnegative values of the entropy production, which is in contradiction with the\nsecond law of thermodynamics. In this paper we address this question by\nsuggesting a variational formulation of irreversible evolution of a system with\nnon-zero thermodynamic inertia. We introduce the Lagrangian, which depends on\nthe properties of the normal and the so-called \"mirror-image\" systems. We show\nthat the standard evolution equations, in particular the\nMaxwell-Cattaneo-Vernotte equation, can be derived from the variational\nprocedure without going beyond the assumption of local equilibrium. We also\nargue, that the second law of thermodynamics should be understood as a\nconsequence of the variational procedure and the property of local equilibrium.\nFor systems with instantaneous response this leads to the standard requirement\nof the local instantaneous entropy production being always positive. However,\nif a system is characterized by delayed response, the formulation of the second\nlaw of thermodynamics should be altered. In particular, the quantity, which is\nalways positive, is not the instantaneous entropy production, but the entropy\nproduction averaged over the period of the heat wave."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Avalanches of popping bubbles in collapsing foams: We report acoustic experiments on foam systems. We have recorded the sound\nemitted by crackling cells during the collapsing of foams. The sound pattern is\nthen analyzed using classical methods of statistical physics. Fundamental\nprocesses at the surface of the collapsing foam are found. In particular, size\nis not a relevant parameter for exploding bubbles.",
        "positive": "Random walk in nonhomogeneous environments: A possible approach to human\n  and animal mobility: The random walk process in a nonhomogeneous medium, characterised by a L\\'evy\nstable distribution of jump length, is discussed. The width depends on a\nposition: either before the jump or after that. In the latter case, the density\nslope is affected by the variable width and the variance may be finite; then\nall kinds of the anomalous diffusion are predicted. In the former case, only\nthe time characteristics are sensitive to the variable width. %while the former\ncase resolves itself to a problem with a variable jumping rate, The\ncorresponding Langevin equation with different interpretations of the\nmultiplicative noise is discussed. The dependence of the distribution width on\nposition after jump is interpreted in terms of cognitive abilities and related\nto such problems as migration in a human population and foraging habits of\nanimals."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion, Fragmentation and Coagulation Processes: Analytical and\n  Numerical Results: We formulate dynamical rate equations for physical processes driven by a\ncombination of diffusive growth, size fragmentation and fragment coagulation.\nInitially, we consider processes where coagulation is absent. In this case we\nsolve the rate equation exactly leading to size distributions of Bessel type\nwhich fall off as $\\exp(-x^{3/2})$ for large $x$-values. Moreover, we provide\nexplicit formulas for the expansion coefficients in terms of Airy functions.\nIntroducing the coagulation term, the full non-linear model is mapped exactly\nonto a Riccati equation that enables us to derive various asymptotic solutions\nfor the distribution function. In particular, we find a standard exponential\ndecay, $\\exp(-x)$, for large $x$, and observe a crossover from the Bessel\nfunction for intermediate values of $x$. These findings are checked by\nnumerical simulations and we find perfect agreement between the theoretical\npredictions and numerical results.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation theorem applied to the Nos\u00e9-Hoover thermostated Lorentz\n  gas: We present numerical evidence supporting the validity of the Gallavotti-Cohen\nFluctuation Theorem applied to the driven Lorentz gas with Nos\\'e-Hoover\nthermostating. It is moreover argued that the asymptotic form of the\nfluctuation formula is independent of the amplitude of the driving force, in\nthe limit where it is small."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size scaling considerations on the ground state microcanonical\n  temperature in entropic sampling simulations: In this work we discuss the behavior of the microcanonical temperature\n$\\frac{\\partial S(E)}{\\partial E}$ obtained by means of numerical entropic\nsampling studies. It is observed that in almost all cases the slope of the\nlogarithm of the density of states $S(E)$ is not infinite in the ground state,\nsince as expected it should be directly related to the inverse temperature\n$\\frac{1}{T}$. Here we show that these finite slopes are in fact due to\nfinite-size effects and we propose an analytic expression $a\\ln(bL)$ for the\nbehavior of $\\frac{\\varDelta S}{\\varDelta E}$ when $L\\rightarrow\\infty$. To\ntest this idea we use three distinct two-dimensional square lattice models\npresenting second-order phase transitions. We calculated by exact means the\nparameters $a$ and $b$ for the two-states Ising model and for the $q=3$ and $4$\nstates Potts model and compared with the results obtained by entropic sampling\nsimulations. We found an excellent agreement between exact and numerical\nvalues. We argue that this new set of parameters $a$ and $b$ represents an\ninteresting novel issue of investigation in entropic sampling studies for\ndifferent models.",
        "positive": "Soliton dynamics in damped and forced Boussinesq equations: We investigate the dynamics of a lattice soliton on a monatomic chain in the\npresence of damping and external forces. We consider Stokes and hydrodynamical\ndamping. In the quasi-continuum limit the discrete system leads to a damped and\nforced Boussinesq equation. By using a multiple-scale perturbation expansion up\nto second order in the framework of the quasi-continuum approach we derive a\ngeneral expression for the first-order velocity correction which improves\nprevious results. We compare the soliton position and shape predicted by the\ntheory with simulations carried out on the level of the monatomic chain system\nas well as on the level of the quasi-continuum limit system. For this purpose\nwe restrict ourselves to specific examples, namely potentials with cubic and\nquartic anharmonicities as well as the truncated Morse potential, without\ntaking into account external forces. For both types of damping we find a good\nagreement with the numerical simulations both for the soliton position and for\nthe tail which appears at the rear of the soliton. Moreover we clarify why the\nquasi-continuum approximation is better in the hydrodynamical damping case than\nin the Stokes damping case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion limited aggregation as a Markovian process: site-sticking\n  conditions: Cylindrical lattice diffusion limited aggregation (DLA), with a narrow width\nN, is solved for site-sticking conditions using a Markovian matrix method\n(which was previously developed for the bond-sticking case). This matrix\ncontains the probabilities that the front moves from one configuration to\nanother at each growth step, calculated exactly by solving the Laplace equation\nand using the proper normalization. The method is applied for a series of\napproximations, which include only a finite number of rows near the front. The\nfractal dimensionality of the aggregate is extrapolated to a value near 1.68.",
        "positive": "Increasing power-law range in avalanche amplitude and energy\n  distributions: Power-law type probability density functions spanning several orders of\nmagnitude are found for different avalanche properties. We propose a\nmethodology to overcome empirical constrains that limit the power-law range for\nthe distributions of different avalanche observables like amplitude, energy,\nduration or size. By considering catalogs of events that cover different\nobservation windows, maximum likelihood estimation of a global power-law\nexponent is computed. This methodology is applied to amplitude and energy\ndistributions of acoustic emission avalanches in failure-under- compression\nexperiments of a nanoporous silica glass, finding in some cases global\nexponents in an unprecedented broad range: 4.5 decades for amplitudes and 9.5\ndecades for energies. In the later case, however, strict statistical analysis\nsuggests experimental limitations might alter the power-law behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chapman-Enskog expansion for the Vicsek model of self-propelled\n  particles: Using the standard Vicsek model, I show how the macroscopic transport\nequations can be systematically derived from microscopic collision rules. The\napproach starts with the exact evolution equation for the N-particle\nprobability distribution, and after making the mean-field assumption of\nMolecular Chaos leads to a multi-particle Enskog-type equation. This equation\nis treated by a non-standard Chapman-Enskog expansion to extract the\nmacroscopic behavior. The expansion includes terms up to third order in a\nformal expansion parameter $\\epsilon$, and involves a fast time scale. A\nself-consistent closure of the moment equations is presented that leads to a\ncontinuity equation for the particle density and a Navier-Stokes-like equation\nfor the momentum density. Expressions for all transport coefficients in these\nmacroscopic equations are given explicitly in terms of microscopic parameters\nof the model. The transport coefficients depend on specific angular integrals\nwhich are evaluated asymptotically in the limit of infinitely many collision\npartners, using an analogy to a random walk. The consistency of the\nChapman-Enskog approach is checked by an independent calculation of the shear\nviscosity using a Green-Kubo relation.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Correlations as Origin of Nonextensive Entropy: We present a simple and general argument showing that a class of dynamical\ncorrelations give rise to the so-called Tsallis nonextensive statistics. An\nexample of a system having such a dynamics is given, exhibiting a non-Boltzmann\nenergy distribution. A relation with prethermalization processes is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic theory of nonequilibrium stochastic long-range systems: Phase\n  transition and bistability: We study long-range interacting systems driven by external stochastic forces\nthat act collectively on all the particles constituting the system. Such a\nscenario is frequently encountered in the context of plasmas, self-gravitating\nsystems, two-dimensional turbulence, and also in a broad class of other\nsystems. Under the effect of stochastic driving, the system reaches a\nstationary state where external forces balance dissipation on average. These\nstates have the invariant probability that does not respect detailed balance,\nand are characterized by non-vanishing currents of conserved quantities. In\norder to analyze spatially homogeneous stationary states, we develop a kinetic\napproach that generalizes the one known for deterministic long-range systems;\nwe obtain a very good agreement between predictions from kinetic theory and\nextensive numerical simulations. Our approach may also be generalized to\ndescribe spatially inhomogeneous stationary states. We also report on numerical\nsimulations exhibiting a first-order nonequilibrium phase transition from\nhomogeneous to inhomogeneous states. Close to the phase transition, the system\nshows bistable behavior between the two states, with a mean residence time that\ndiverges as an exponential in the inverse of the strength of the external\nstochastic forces, in the limit of low values of such forces.",
        "positive": "Superdense Crystal Packings of Ellipsoids: Particle packing problems have fascinated people since the dawn of\ncivilization, and continue to intrigue mathematicians and scientists. Resurgent\ninterest has been spurred by the recent proof of Kepler's conjecture: the\nface-centered cubic lattice provides the densest packing of equal spheres with\na packing fraction $\\phi\\approx0.7405$ \\cite{Kepler_Hales}. Here we report on\nthe densest known packings of congruent ellipsoids. The family of new packings\nare crystal (periodic) arrangements of nearly spherically-shaped ellipsoids,\nand always surpass the densest lattice packing. A remarkable maximum density of\n$\\phi\\approx0.7707$ is achieved for both prolate and oblate ellipsoids with\naspect ratios of $\\sqrt{3}$ and $1/\\sqrt{3}$, respectively, and each ellipsoid\nhas 14 touching neighbors. Present results do not exclude the possibility that\neven denser crystal packings of ellipsoids could be found, and that a\ncorresponding Kepler-like conjecture could be formulated for ellipsoids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase boundaries and the Widom line from the Ruppeiner geometry of\n  fluids: In the study of fluid phases, the Ruppeiner geometry provides novel ways for\nconstructing the phase boundaries (known as the $R$-crossing method) and the\nWidom line, which is considered by many to be the continuation of the\ncoexistence curve beyond the critical point. In this paper, we revisit these\ngeometry-based constructions with the aim of understanding their limitations\nand generality. We introduce a new equation-of-state expansion for fluids near\na critical point, assuming analyticity with respect to the number density, and\nuse this to prove a number of key results, including the equivalence between\nthe $R$-crossing method and the standard construction of phase boundaries near\nthe critical point. The same conclusion is not seen to hold for the Widom line\nof fluids in general. However, for the ideal van der Waals fluid a slight tweak\nin the usual formulation of the Ruppeiner metric, which we call the\nRuppeiner-$N$ metric, makes the Ruppeiner geometry prediction of the Widom line\nexact. This is in contrast to the results of May and Mausbach where the\nprediction is good only up to the slope of the Widom line at the critical\npoint. We also apply the Ruppeiner-$N$ metric to improve the proposed\nclassification scheme of Di\\'osi et al. that partitions the van der Waals state\nspace into its different phases using Ruppeiner geodesics. Whereas the original\nDi\\'osi boundaries do not correspond to any established thermodynamic lines\nabove (or even below) the critical point, our construction remarkably detects\nthe Widom line. These results suggest that the Ruppeiner-$N$ metric may play a\nmore important role in thermodynamic geometry than is presently appreciated.",
        "positive": "A Bottom-Up Model of Self-Organized Criticality on Networks: The Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld (BTW) sandpile process is an archetypal, stylized\nmodel of complex systems with a critical point as an attractor of their\ndynamics. This phenomenon, called self-organized criticality (SOC), appears to\noccur ubiquitously in both nature and technology. Initially introduced on the\n2D lattice, the BTW process has been studied on network structures with great\nanalytical successes in the estimation of macroscopic quantities, such as the\nexponents of asymptotically power-law distributions. In this article, we take a\nmicroscopic perspective and study the inner workings of the process through\nboth numerical and rigorous analysis. Our simulations reveal fundamental flaws\nin the assumptions of past phenomenological models, the same models that\nallowed accurate macroscopic predictions; we mathematically justify why\nuniversality may explain these past successes. Next, starting from scratch, we\nobtain microscopic understanding that enables mechanistic models; such models\ncan, for example, distinguish a cascade's area from its size. In the special\ncase of a 3-regular network, we use self-consistency arguments to obtain a\nzero-parameters, mechanistic (bottom-up) approximation that reproduces\nnontrivial correlations observed in simulations and that allows the study of\nthe BTW process on networks in regimes otherwise prohibitively costly to\ninvestigate. We then generalize some of these results to configuration model\nnetworks and explain how one could continue the generalization. The numerous\ntools and methods presented herein are known to enable studying the effects of\ncontrolling the BTW process and other self-organizing systems. More broadly,\nour use of multitype branching processes to capture information bouncing\nback-and-forth in a network could inspire analogous models of systems in which\nconsequences spread in a bidirectional fashion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Chemical Potential: The definition of the fundamental quantity, the chemical potential, is badly\nconfused in the literature: there are at least three distinct definitions in\nvarious books and papers. While they all give the same result in the\nthermodynamic limit, major differences between them can occur for finite\nsystems, in anomalous cases even for finite systems as large as a cm$^3$. We\nresolve the situation by arguing that the chemical potential defined as the\nsymbol $\\mu$ conventionally appearing in the grand canonical density operator\nis the uniquely correct definition valid for all finite systems, the grand\ncanonical ensemble being the only one of the various ensembles usually\ndiscussed (microcanonical, canonical, Gibbs, grand canonical) that is\nappropriate for statistical thermodynamics, whenever the chemical potential is\nphysically relevant. The zero-temperature limit of this $\\mu$ was derived by\nPerdew et al. for finite systems involving electrons, generally allowing for\nelectron-electron interactions; we extend this derivation and, for\nsemiconductors, we also consider the zero-T limit taken after the thermodynamic\nlimit. The enormous finite size corrections (in macroscopic samples, e.g. 1\ncm$^3$) for one rather common definition of the c.p., found recently by\nShegelski within the standard effective mass model of an ideal intrinsic\nsemiconductor, are discussed. Also, two very-small-system examples are given,\nincluding a quantum dot.",
        "positive": "A Pearson-Dirichlet random walk: A constrained diffusive random walk of n steps and a random flight in Rd,\nwhich can be expressed in the same terms, were investigated independently in\nrecent papers. The n steps of the walk are identically and independently\ndistributed random vectors of exponential length and uniform orientation.\nConditioned on the sum of their lengths being equal to a given value l,\nclosed-form expressions for the distribution of the endpoint of the walk were\nobtained altogether for any n for d=1, 2, 4 . Uniform distributions of the\nendpoint inside a ball of radius l were evidenced for a walk of three steps in\n2D and of two steps in 4D. The previous walk is generalized by considering step\nlengths which are distributed over the unit (n-1) simplex according to a\nDirichlet distribution whose parameters are all equal to q, a given positive\nvalue. The walk and the flight above correspond to q=1. For any d >= 3, there\nexist, for integer and half-integer values of q, two families of\nPearson-Dirichlet walks which share a common property. For any n, the d\ncomponents of the endpoint are jointly distributed as are the d components of a\nvector uniformly distributed over the surface of a hypersphere of radius l in a\nspace Rk whose dimension k is an affine function of n for a given d. Five\nadditional walks, with a uniform distribution of the endpoint in the inside of\na ball, are found from known finite integrals of products of powers and Bessel\nfunctions of the first kind. They include four different walks in R3 and two\nwalks in R4. Pearson-Liouville random walks, obtained by distributing the total\nlengths of the previous Pearson-Dirichlet walks, are finally discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The correlation production in thermodynamics: Macroscopic many-body systems always exhibit irreversible behaviors together\nwith the entropy increase. However, the underlying microscopic dynamics of the\nmany-body system, either the (quantum) von Neumann or (classical) Liouville\nequation, guarantees the entropy of an isolated system does not change with\ntime. Notice that, in practical measurements, usually it is the partial\ninformation (e.g., marginal distribution, few-body observable expectation) that\nis directly accessible to our observations, rather than the full ensemble\nstate. But indeed such partial information is sufficient to give most\nmacroscopic thermodynamic quantities, and they exhibits irreversible behaviors.\nAt the same time, there is some correlation entropy hiding in the full\nensemble, i.e., the mutual information between different marginal\ndistributions, but difficult to be sensed in practice. We notice that such\ncorrelation production is closely related to the macroscopic entropy increase\nin the standard thermodynamics. In open systems, the irreversible entropy\nproduction of the open system can be proved to be equivalent with the\ncorrelation production between the open system and its environment. During the\nfree diffusion of an isolated ideal gas, the correlation between the spatial\nand momentum distributions is increasing monotonically, and it could well\nreproduce the entropy increase result in the standard thermodynamics. In the\npresence of particle collisions, the single-particle distribution always\napproaches the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution as its steady state, and its\nentropy increase indeed indicates the correlation production between the\nparticles. In all these examples, the total entropy of the whole isolated\nsystem keeps constant. In this sense, the macroscopic irreversibility and the\nreversible microscopic dynamics coincide with each other.",
        "positive": "Universal scaling of the velocity field in crack front propagation: The propagation of a crack front in disordered materials is jerky and\ncharacterized by bursts of activity, called avalanches. These phenomena are the\nmanifestation of an out-of-equilibrium phase transition originated by the\ndisorder. As a result avalanches display universal scalings which are however\ndifficult to characterize in experiments at finite drive. Here we show that the\ncorrelation functions of the velocity field along the front allow to extract\nthe critical exponents of the transition and to identify the universality class\nof the system. We employ these correlations to characterize the universal\nbehavior of the transition in simulations and in an experiment of crack\npropagation. This analysis is robust, efficient and can be extended to all\nsystems displaying avalanche dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Epidemic processes on self-propelled particles: continuum and\n  agent-based modelling: Most spreading processes require spatial proximity between agents. The\nstationary state of spreading dynamics in a population of mobile agents thus\ndepends on the interplay between the time and length scales involved in the\nepidemic process and their motion in space. We analyze the steady properties\nresulting from such interplay in a simple model describing epidemic spreading\n(modeled as a Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible process) on self-propelled\nparticles (performing Run-and-Tumble motion). Focusing our attention on the\ndiffusive long-time regime, we find that the agents' motion changes\nqualitatively the nature of the epidemic transition characterized by the\nemergence of a macroscopic fraction of infected agents. Indeed, the transition\nbecomes of the mean-field type for agents diffusing in one, two and three\ndimensions, while, in the absence of motion, the epidemic outbreak depends on\nthe dimension of the underlying static network determined by the agents' fixed\nlocations. The insights obtained from a continuum description of the system are\nvalidated by numerical simulations of an agent-based model. Our work aims at\nbridging soft active matter physics and theoretical epidemiology, and may be of\ninterest for researchers in both communities.",
        "positive": "Degenerate Quantum Gases and Bose-Einstein Condensation: After a brief historical introduction to Bose-Einstein condensation and Fermi\ndegeneracy, we discuss theoretical results we have recentely obtained for\ntrapped degenerate quantum gases by means of a thermal field theory approach.\nIn particular, by using Gross-Pitaevskii and Bogoliubov-Popov equations, we\nconsider thermodynamical properties of two Bosonic systems: a gas of Lithium\natoms and a gas of Hydrogen atoms. Finally, we investigate finite-temperature\ndensity profiles of a dilute Fermi gas of Potassium atoms confined in a\nharmonic potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Communication near the channel capacity with an absence of compression:\n  Statistical Mechanical Approach: The generalization of Shannon's theory to include messages with given\nautocorrelations is presented. The analytical calculation of the channel\ncapacity is based on the transfer matrix method of the effective 1D\nHamiltonian. This bridge between statistical physics and information theory\nleads to efficient Low-Density Parity-Check Codes over Galois fields that\nnearly saturate the channel capacity. The novel idea of the decoder is the\ndynamical updating of the prior block probabilities which are derived from the\ntransfer matrix solution and from the posterior probabilities of the\nneighboring blocks. Application and possible extensions are discussed,\nspecifically the possibility of achieving the channel capacity without\ncompression of the data.",
        "positive": "Order-Parameter Correlation Functions in Quantum Critical Phenomena: We investigate the functional form of the order-parameter (two-point)\ncorrelation function in quantum critical phenomena. Contrary to the common\nlore, when there is no particle-hole symmetry we find that the equal-time\ncorrelation function at criticality does not display a diverging correlation\nlength. We illustrate our conclusions by Monte Carlo calculations of the\nquantum rotor model in $d=2$ space dimensions"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "$Z_3$ topological order in the quantum dimer-pentamer model: We introduce the quantum dimer-pentamer model (QDPM) on the square lattice.\nThis model is a generalization of the square lattice quantum dimer model as its\nconfiguration space comprises fully-packed hard-core dimer coverings as well as\ndimer configurations containing pentamers, where four dimers touch a vertex.\nThus in the QDPM, the fully-packed, hard-core constraint of the quantum dimer\nmodel is relaxed such that the local dimer number at each vertex is fixed\nmodulo 3, resulting in an exact local $Z_3$ gauge symmetry. We construct a\nlocal Hamiltonian for which the Rokhsar-Kivelson (RK) equal superposition state\nis the exact ground state and has a 9-fold topological degeneracy on the torus.\nUsing Monte Carlo calculations, we find no spontaneous symmetry breaking in the\nRK wavefunction and that its dimer-dimer correlation function decays\nexponentially. By doping the QDPM RK state with a pair of monomers, we\ndemonstrate that $Z_3$ electric charges are deconfined. Additionally, we\nintroduce a $Z_3$ magnetic string operator that we find decays exponentially\nand shows no signatures of magnetic vortex condensation and with correlations.\nThese numerical results suggest that the ground state of the QDPM is a dimer\nliquid with $Z_3$ topological order.",
        "positive": "Sudden emergence of q-regular subgraphs in random graphs: We investigate the computationally hard problem whether a random graph of\nfinite average vertex degree has an extensively large $q$-regular subgraph,\ni.e., a subgraph with all vertices having degree equal to $q$. We reformulate\nthis problem as a constraint-satisfaction problem, and solve it using the\ncavity method of statistical physics at zero temperature. For $q=3$, we find\nthat the first large $q$-regular subgraphs appear discontinuously at an average\nvertex degree $c_\\reg{3} \\simeq 3.3546$ and contain immediately about 24% of\nall vertices in the graph. This transition is extremely close to (but different\nfrom) the well-known 3-core percolation point $c_\\cor{3} \\simeq 3.3509$. For\n$q>3$, the $q$-regular subgraph percolation threshold is found to coincide with\nthat of the $q$-core."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stationary nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: A brief review on the dynamical systems approach to nonequilibrium\nstatistical mechanics and chaotic dynamics",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in Ising model induced by weight redistribution on\n  weighted regular networks: In order to investigate the role of the weight in weighted networks, the\ncollective behavior of the Ising system on weighted regular networks is studied\nby numerical simulation. In our model, the coupling strength between spins is\ninversely proportional to the corresponding weighted shortest distance.\nDisordering link weights can effectively affect the process of phase transition\neven though the underlying binary topological structure remains unchanged.\nSpecifically, based on regular networks with homogeneous weights initially,\nrandomly disordering link weights will change the critical temperature of phase\ntransition. The results suggest that the redistribution of link weights may\nprovide an additional approach to optimize the dynamical behaviors of the\nsystem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations of time averages for Langevin dynamics in a binding force\n  field: We derive a simple formula for the fluctuations of the time average around\nthe thermal mean for overdamped Brownian motion in a binding potential U(x).\nUsing a backward Fokker-Planck equation, introduced by Szabo, et al. in the\ncontext of reaction kinetics, we show that for ergodic processes these finite\nmeasurement time fluctuations are determined by the Boltzmann measure. For the\nwidely applicable logarithmic potential, ergodicity is broken. We quantify the\nlarge non-ergodic fluctuations and show how they are related to a super-aging\ncorrelation function.",
        "positive": "Exact formulas for the form factors of local operators in the\n  Lieb-Liniger model: We present exact formulas for the form factors of local operators in the\nrepulsive Lieb-Liniger model at finite size. These are essential ingredients\nfor both numerical and analytical calculations. From the theory of Algebraic\nBethe Ansatz, it is known that the form factors of local operators satisfy a\nparticular type of recursive relations. We show that in some cases these\nrelations can be used directly to derive compact expressions in terms of the\ndeterminant of a matrix whose dimension scales linearly with the system size.\nOur main results are determinant formulas for the form factors of the operators\n$(\\Psi^{\\dagger}(0))^2\\Psi^2(0)$ and $\\Psi^{R}(0)$, for arbitrary integer $R$,\nwhere $\\Psi$, $\\Psi^{\\dagger}$ are the usual field operators. From these\nexpressions, we also derive the infinite size limit of the form factors of\nthese local operators in the attractive regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Essentially Ergodic Behaviour: I prove a theorem on the precise connection of the time and phase space\naverage of the Boltzmann equilibrium showing that the behaviour of a dynamical\nsystem with a stationary measure and a dominant equilibrium state is\nqualitatively ergodic.",
        "positive": "Direct experimental evidence of a growing length scale accompanying the\n  glass transition: Understanding glass formation is a challenge because the existence of a true\nglass state, distinct from liquid and solid, remains elusive: Glasses are\nliquids that have become too viscous to flow. An old idea, as yet unproven\nexperimentally, is that the dynamics becomes sluggish as the glass transition\napproaches because increasingly larger regions of the material have to move\nsimultaneously to allow flow. We introduce new multipoint dynamical\nsusceptibilities to estimate quantitatively the size of these regions and\nprovide direct experimental evidence that the glass formation of molecular\nliquids and colloidal suspensions is accompanied by growing dynamic correlation\nlength scales."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Annealing schedule from population dynamics: We introduce a dynamical annealing schedule for population-based optimization\nalgorithms with mutation. On the basis of a statistical mechanics formulation\nof the population dynamics, the mutation rate adapts to a value maximizing\nexpected rewards at each time step. Thereby, the mutation rate is eliminated as\na free parameter from the algorithm.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of Quadrature Trajectories in Open Quantum Systems: We apply a large-deviation method to study the diffusive trajectories of the\nquadrature operators of light within a reservoir connected to dissipative\nquantum systems. We formulate the study of quadrature trajectories in terms of\ncharacteristic operators and show that in the long time limit the statistics of\nsuch trajectories obey a large-deviation principle. We take our motivation from\nhomodyne detection schemes which allow the statistics of quadrature operator of\nthe light field to be measured. We illustrate our approach with four examples\nof increasing complexity: a driven two-level system, a `blinking' three-level\nsystem, a pair of weakly-coupled two-level driven systems, and the micromaser.\nWe discuss how quadrature operators can serve as alternative order parameters\nfor the classification of dynamical phases, which is particularly useful in\ncases where the statistics of quantum jumps cannot distinguish between such\nphases. The formalism we introduce also allows us to analyse the properties of\nthe light emitted by quantum jump trajectories which fluctuate far from the\ntypical dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Explosive percolation via control of the largest cluster: We show that only considering the largest cluster suffices to obtain a\nfirst-order percolation transition. As opposed to previous realizations of\nexplosive percolation our models obtain Gaussian cluster distributions and\ncompact clusters as one would expect at first-order transitions. We also\ndiscover that the cluster perimeters are fractal at the transition point,\nyielding a fractal dimension of $1.23\\pm0.03$, close to that of watersheds.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of the chromatic polynomial on a torus: We study the zero-temperature partition function of the Potts antiferromagnet\n(i.e., the chromatic polynomial) on a torus using a transfer-matrix approach.\nWe consider square- and triangular-lattice strips with fixed width L, arbitrary\nlength N, and fully periodic boundary conditions. On the mathematical side, we\nobtain exact expressions for the chromatic polynomial of widths L=5,6,7 for the\nsquare and triangular lattices. On the physical side, we obtain the exact\n``phase diagrams'' for these strips of width L and infinite length, and from\nthese results we extract useful information about the infinite-volume phase\ndiagram of this model: in particular, the number and position of the different\nphases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Three Faces of the Second Law: II. Fokker-Planck Formulation: The total entropy production is the sum of two contributions, the so-called\nadiabatic and nonadiabatic entropy production, each of which is non-negative.\nWe derive their explicit expressions for continuous Markov processes, discuss\ntheir properties and illustrate their behavior on two exactly solvable models.",
        "positive": "Theory for wavelength-resolved photon emission statistics in\n  single-molecule spectroscopy: We derive the moment generating function for photon emissions from a single\nmolecule driven by laser excitation. The frequencies of the fluoresced photons\nare explicitly considered. Calculations are performed for the case of a two\nlevel dye molecule, showing that measured photon statistics will display a\nstrong and non-intuitive dependence on detector bandwidth. Moreover, it is\ndemonstrated that the anti-bunching phenomenon, associated with negative values\nof Mandel's Q-parameter, results from correlations between photons with well\nseparated frequencies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transitions from low-density state towards high-density state in\n  stochastic bistable plasma-condensate systems: In this article we study transitions from low-density states towards\nhigh-density states in bistable plasma-condensate systems. We take into account\nan anisotropy in transference of adatoms between neighbour layers induced by\nthe electric field near substrate. We derive the generalized one-layer model by\nassuming that the strength of the electric field is subjected to both periodic\noscillations and multiplicative fluctuations. By studying the homogeneous\nsystem we discuss the corresponding mean passage time. In the limit of weak\nfluctuations, we show the optimization of the mean passage time with variation\nin the frequency of periodic driving in the non-adiabatic limit. Noise induced\neffects corresponding to asynchronization and acceleration in the transition\ndynamics are studied in detail.",
        "positive": "Left Passage Probability of SLE($\u03ba,\u03c1$): SLE($\\kappa,\\rho$) is a variant of the Schramm-Loewner Evolution which\ndescribes the curves which are not conformal invariant, but are self-similar\ndue to the presence of some other preferred points on the boundary. In this\npaper we study the left passage probability (LPP) for SLE($\\kappa,\\rho$)\nthrough field theoretical framework and find the differential equation which\ngovern this probability. This equation is solved (up to two undetermined\nconstants) for the special case $\\kappa= 2$ and $h_\\rho = 0$ for large x0 at\nwhich the boundary condition changes. This case may be referred to the Abelian\nsandpile model with a sink on the boundary. As an example, we apply this\nformalism to SLE($\\kappa,\\kappa-6$) which governs the curves that start from\nand end on the real axis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal non-Markovian search strategies with n-step memory: Stochastic search processes are ubiquitous in nature and are expected to\nbecome more efficient when equipped with a memory, where the searcher has been\nbefore. A natural realization of a search process with long-lasting memory is a\nmigrating cell that is repelled from the diffusive chemotactic signal that it\nsecrets on its way, denoted as auto-chemotactic searcher. To analyze the\nefficiency of this class of non-Markovian search processes we present a general\nformalism that allows to compute the mean first passage time (MFPT) for a given\nset of conditional transition probabilities for non-Markovian random walks on a\nlattice. We show that the optimal choice of the $n$-step transition\nprobabilities decreases the MFPT systematically and substantially with an\nincreasing number of steps. It turns out that the optimal search strategies can\nbe reduced to simple cycles defined by a small parameter set and that\nmirror-asymmetric walks are more efficient. For the auto-chemotactic searcher\nwe show that an optimal coupling between the searcher and the chemical reduces\nthe MFPT to 1/3 of the one for a Markovian random walk.",
        "positive": "Decay on several sorts of heterogeneous centers: Special monodisperse\n  approximation in the situation of strong unsymmetry. 3. Numerical results for\n  the special monodisperse approximation: The situation of the metastable phase decay on the several types of\nheterogeneous centers is considered. This publication directly continues \"\ncond-mat@xxx.lanl.gov get 0001104 \", \" cond-mat@xxx.lanl.gov get 0001108 \".\nHere we present the numerical results for the floating monodisperse\napproximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Metastable Potts Droplets: The existence and limits of metastable droplets have been calculated using\nfinite-system renormalization-group theory, for q-state Potts models in spatial\ndimension d=3. The dependence of the droplet critical sizes on magnetic field,\ntemperature, and number of Potts states q has been calculated. The same method\nhas also been used for the calculation of hysteresis loops across first-order\nphase transitions in these systems. The hysteresis loop sizes and shapes have\nbeen deduced as a function of magnetic field, temperature, and number of Potts\nstates q. The uneven appearance of asymmetry in the hysteresis loop branches\nhas been noted. The method can be extended to criticality and phase transitions\nin metastable phases, such as in surface-adsorbed systems and water.",
        "positive": "Local Superfluidity of Parahydrogen Clusters: We study by Quantum Monte Carlo simulations the local superfluid response of\nsmall (up to 27 molecules) parahydrogen clusters, down to temperatures as low\nas 0.05 K. We show that at low temperature superfluidity is not confined at the\nsurface of the clusters, as recently claimed by Khairallah et al. [Phys. Rev.\nLett. 98, 183401 (2007)]. Rather, even clusters with a pronounced shell\nstructure are essentially uniformly superfluid. Superfluidity occurs as a\nresult of long exchange cycles involving all molecules."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Speed Limit for Classical Stochastic Processes: Speed limit for classical stochastic Markov processes with discrete states is\nstudied. We find that a trade-off inequality exists between the speed of the\nstate transformation and the entropy production. The dynamical activity\ndetermines the time scale and plays a crucial role in the inequality. For\nsystems with stationary current, a similar trade-off inequality with the\nHatano-Sasa entropy production gives a much better bound on the speed of the\nstate transformation. Our inequalities contain only physically well-defined\nquantities, and thus the physical picture of these inequalities is clear.",
        "positive": "Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics Revisited: The statistical mechanics of Gibbs is a juxtaposition of subjective,\nprobabilistic ideas on the one hand and objective, mechanical ideas on the\nother. In this paper, we follow the path set out by Jaynes, including elements\nadded subsequently to that original work, to explore the consequences of the\npurely statistical point of view. We show how standard methods in the\nequilibrium theory could have been derived simply from a description of the\navailable problem information. In addition, our presentation leads to novel\ninsights into questions associated with symmetry and non-equilibrium\nstatistical mechanics. Two surprising consequences to be explored in further\nwork are that (in)distinguishability factors are automatically predicted from\nthe problem formulation and that a quantity related to the thermodynamic\nentropy production is found by considering information loss in non-equilibrium\nprocesses. Using the problem of ion channel thermodynamics as an example, we\nillustrate the idea of building up complexity by successively adding\ninformation to create progressively more complex descriptions of a physical\nsystem. Our result is that such statistical mechanical descriptions can be used\nto create transparent, computable, experimentally-relevant models that may be\ninformed by more detailed atomistic simulations. We also derive a theory for\nthe kinetic behavior of this system, identifying the nonequilibrium `process'\nfree energy functional. The Gibbs relation for this functional is a\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem applicable arbitrarily far from equilibrium,\nthat captures the effect of non-local and time-dependent behavior from\ntransient driving forces. Based on this work, it is clear that statistical\nmechanics is a general tool for constructing the relationships between\nconstraints on system information."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "1/f Noise and Extreme Value Statistics: We study the finite-size scaling of the roughness of signals in systems\ndisplaying Gaussian 1/f power spectra. It is found that one of the extreme\nvalue distributions (Gumbel distribution) emerges as the scaling function when\nthe boundary conditions are periodic. We provide a realistic example of\nperiodic 1/f noise, and demonstrate by simulations that the Gumbel distribution\nis a good approximation for the case of nonperiodic boundary conditions as\nwell. Experiments on voltage fluctuations in GaAs films are analyzed and\nexcellent agreement is found with the theory.",
        "positive": "Reply to comment on ``Dynamic scaling in the spatial distribution of\n  persistent sites'': We reply to the comment cond-mat/9902073 by Ben-Naim and Krapivsky on our\npaper cond-mat/9901130. We show that their arguments are incorrect, and present\nmore numerical results to back our earlier conclusions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum fluctuations can promote or inhibit glass formation: The very nature of glass is somewhat mysterious: while relaxation times in\nglasses are of sufficient magnitude that large-scale motion on the atomic level\nis essentially as slow as it is in the crystalline state, the structure of\nglass appears barely different than that of the liquid that produced it.\nQuantum mechanical systems ranging from electron liquids to superfluid helium\nappear to form glasses, but as yet no unifying framework exists connecting\nclassical and quantum regimes of vitrification. Here we develop new insights\nfrom theory and simulation into the quantum glass transition that surprisingly\nreveal distinct regions where quantum fluctuations can either promote or\ninhibit glass formation.",
        "positive": "Partially Asymmetric Exclusion Processes with Sitewise Disorder: We study the stationary properties as well as the non-stationary dynamics of\nthe one-dimensional partially asymmetric exclusion process with position\ndependent random hop rates. In a finite system of $L$ sites the stationary\ncurrent, $J$, is determined by the largest barrier and the corresponding\nwaiting time, $\\tau \\sim J^{-1}$, is related to the waiting time of a single\nrandom walker, $\\tau_{rw}$, as $\\tau \\sim \\tau_{rw}^{1/2}$. The current is\nfound to vanish as: $J \\sim L^{-z/2}$, where $z$ is the dynamical exponent of\nthe biased single particle Sinai walk. Typical stationary states are phase\nseparated: At the largest barrier almost all particles queue at one side and\nalmost all holes are at the other side. The high-density (low-density) region,\nis divided into $\\sim L^{1/2}$ connected parts of particles (holes) which are\nseparated by islands of holes (particles) located at the subleading barriers\n(valleys). We also study non-stationary processes of the system, like\ncoarsening and invasion. Finally we discuss some related models, where\nparticles of larger size or multiple occupation of lattice sites is considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structure of the stationary state of the asymmetric target process: We introduce a novel migration process, the target process. This process is\ndual to the zero-range process (ZRP) in the sense that, while for the ZRP the\nrate of transfer of a particle only depends on the occupation of the departure\nsite, it only depends on the occupation of the arrival site for the target\nprocess. More precisely, duality associates to a given ZRP a unique target\nprocess, and vice-versa. If the dynamics is symmetric, i.e., in the absence of\na bias, both processes have the same stationary-state product measure. In this\nwork we focus our interest on the situation where the latter measure exhibits a\ncontinuous condensation transition at some finite critical density $\\rho_c$,\nirrespective of the dimensionality. The novelty comes from the case of\nasymmetric dynamics, where the target process has a nontrivial fluctuating\nstationary state, whose characteristics depend on the dimensionality. In one\ndimension, the system remains homogeneous at any finite density. An alternating\nscenario however prevails in the high-density regime: typical configurations\nconsist of long alternating sequences of highly occupied and less occupied\nsites. The local density of the latter is equal to $\\rho_c$ and their\noccupation distribution is critical. In dimension two and above, the asymmetric\ntarget process exhibits a phase transition at a threshold density $\\rho_0$ much\nlarger than $\\rho_c$. The system is homogeneous at any density below $\\rho_0$,\nwhereas for higher densities it exhibits an extended condensate elongated along\nthe direction of the mean current, on top of a critical background with density\n$\\rho_c$.",
        "positive": "From Quantum Chaos and Eigenstate Thermalization to Statistical\n  Mechanics and Thermodynamics: This review gives a pedagogical introduction to the eigenstate thermalization\nhypothesis (ETH), its basis, and its implications to statistical mechanics and\nthermodynamics. In the first part, ETH is introduced as a natural extension of\nideas from quantum chaos and random matrix theory (RMT). To this end, we\npresent a brief overview of classical and quantum chaos, as well as RMT and\nsome of its most important predictions. The latter include the statistics of\nenergy levels, eigenstate components, and matrix elements of observables.\nBuilding on these, we introduce the ETH and show that it allows one to describe\nthermalization in isolated chaotic systems without invoking the notion of an\nexternal bath. We examine numerical evidence of eigenstate thermalization from\nstudies of many-body lattice systems. We also introduce the concept of a quench\nas a means of taking isolated systems out of equilibrium, and discuss results\nof numerical experiments on quantum quenches. The second part of the review\nexplores the implications of quantum chaos and ETH to thermodynamics. Basic\nthermodynamic relations are derived, including the second law of\nthermodynamics, the fundamental thermodynamic relation, fluctuation theorems,\nand the Einstein and Onsager relations. In particular, it is shown that quantum\nchaos allows one to prove these relations for individual Hamiltonian\neigenstates and thus extend them to arbitrary stationary statistical ensembles.\nWe then show how one can use these relations to obtain nontrivial universal\nenergy distributions in continuously driven systems. At the end of the review,\nwe briefly discuss the relaxation dynamics and description after relaxation of\nintegrable quantum systems, for which ETH is violated. We introduce the concept\nof the generalized Gibbs ensemble, and discuss its connection with ideas of\nprethermalization in weakly interacting systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact quench dynamics of symmetry resolved entanglement in a free\n  fermion chain: The study of the entanglement dynamics plays a fundamental role in\nunderstanding the behaviour of many-body quantum systems out of equilibrium. In\nthe presence of a globally conserved charge, further insights are provided by\nthe knowledge of the resolution of entanglement in the various symmetry\nsectors. Here, we carry on the program we initiated in [Phys. Rev. B 103,\nL041104 (2021)], for the study of the time evolution of the symmetry resolved\nentanglement in free fermion systems. We complete and extend our derivations\nalso by defining and quantifying a symmetry resolved mutual information. The\nentanglement entropies display a time delay that depends on the charge sector\nthat we characterise exactly. Both entanglement entropies and mutual\ninformation show effective equipartition in the scaling limit of large time and\nsubsystem size. Furthermore, we argue that the behaviour of the charged\nentropies can be quantitatively understood in the framework of the\nquasiparticle picture for the spreading of entanglement, and hence we expect\nthat a proper adaptation of our results should apply to a large class of\nintegrable systems. We also find that the number entropy grows logarithmically\nwith time before saturating to a value proportional to the logarithm of the\nsubsystem size.",
        "positive": "Critical percolation clusters in seven dimensions and on a complete\n  graph: We study critical bond percolation on a seven-dimensional (7D) hypercubic\nlattice with periodic boundary conditions and on the complete graph (CG) of\nfinite volume $V$. We numerically confirm that for both cases, the critical\nnumber density $n(s,V)$ of clusters of size $s$ obeys a scaling form $n(s,V)\n\\sim s^{-\\tau} \\tilde{n} (s/V^{d^*_{\\rm f}})$ with identical volume fractal\ndimension $d^*_{\\rm f}=2/3$ and exponent $\\tau = 1+1/d^*_{\\rm f}=5/2$. We then\nclassify occupied bonds into {\\em bridge} bonds, which includes {\\em branch}\nand {\\em junction} bonds, and {\\em non-bridge} bonds; a bridge bond is a branch\nbond if and only if its deletion produces at least one tree. Deleting branch\nbonds from percolation configurations produces {\\em leaf-free} configurations,\nwhereas, deleting all bridge bonds leads to {\\em bridge-free} configurations.\nIt is shown that the fraction of non-bridge (bi-connected) bonds vanishes\n$\\rho_{\\rm n, CG}$$\\rightarrow$0 for large CGs, but converges to a finite value\n$ \\rho_{\\rm n, 7D} =0.006 \\, 193 \\, 1(7)$ for the 7D hypercube. Further, we\nobserve that while the bridge-free dimension $d^*_{\\rm bf}=1/3$ holds for both\nthe CG and 7D cases, the volume fractal dimensions of the leaf-free clusters\nare different: $d^*_{\\rm \\ell f, 7D} = 0.669 (9) \\approx 2/3$ and $d^*_{\\rm\n\\ell f, CG} = 0. 333 7 (17) \\approx 1/3$. We also study the behavior of the\nnumber and the size distribution of leaf-free and bridge-free clusters. For the\nnumber of clusters, we numerically find the number of leaf-free and bridge-free\nclusters on the CG scale as $\\sim \\ln V$, while for 7D they scale as $\\sim V$.\nOur work demonstrates that the geometric structure of high-dimensional\npercolation clusters cannot be fully accounted for by their complete-graph\ncounterparts."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How many eigenvalues of a Gaussian random matrix are positive?: We study the probability distribution of the index ${\\mathcal N}_+$, i.e.,\nthe number of positive eigenvalues of an $N\\times N$ Gaussian random matrix. We\nshow analytically that, for large $N$ and large $\\mathcal{N}_+$ with the\nfraction $0\\le c=\\mathcal{N}_+/N\\le 1$ of positive eigenvalues fixed, the index\ndistribution $\\mathcal{P}({\\mathcal N}_+=cN,N)\\sim\\exp[-\\beta N^2 \\Phi(c)]$\nwhere $\\beta$ is the Dyson index characterizing the Gaussian ensemble. The\nassociated large deviation rate function $\\Phi(c)$ is computed explicitly for\nall $0\\leq c \\leq 1$. It is independent of $\\beta$ and displays a quadratic\nform modulated by a logarithmic singularity around $c=1/2$. As a consequence,\nthe distribution of the index has a Gaussian form near the peak, but with a\nvariance $\\Delta(N)$ of index fluctuations growing as $\\Delta(N)\\sim \\log\nN/\\beta\\pi^2$ for large $N$. For $\\beta=2$, this result is independently\nconfirmed against an exact finite $N$ formula, yielding $\\Delta(N)= \\log\nN/2\\pi^2 +C+\\mathcal{O}(N^{-1})$ for large $N$, where the constant $C$ has the\nnontrivial value $C=(\\gamma+1+3\\log 2)/2\\pi^2\\simeq 0.185248...$ and\n$\\gamma=0.5772...$ is the Euler constant. We also determine for large $N$ the\nprobability that the interval $[\\zeta_1,\\zeta_2]$ is free of eigenvalues. Part\nof these results have been announced in a recent letter [\\textit{Phys. Rev.\nLett.} {\\bf 103}, 220603 (2009)].",
        "positive": "Stochastic thermodynamics of a quantum dot coupled to a finite-size\n  reservoir: In nano-scale systems coupled to finite-size reservoirs, the reservoir\ntemperature may fluctuate due to heat exchange between the system and the\nreservoirs. To date, a stochastic thermodynamic analysis of heat, work and\nentropy production in such systems is however missing. Here we fill this gap by\nanalyzing a single-level quantum dot tunnel coupled to a finite-size electronic\nreservoir. The system dynamics is described by a Markovian master equation,\ndepending on the fluctuating temperature of the reservoir. Based on a\nfluctuation theorem, we identify the appropriate entropy production that\nresults in a thermodynamically consistent statistical description. We\nillustrate our results by analyzing the work production for a finite-size\nreservoir Szilard engine."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kibble-Zurek mechanism in quantum link model: We study the driven critical dynamics of the quantum link model, whose\nHamiltonian describes the one-dimensional $U(1)$ lattice gauge theory. We find\nthat combined topological defects emerge after the quench and they consist of\nboth gauge field and matter field excitations. Furthermore, the ratio of gauge\nfield and matter field excitation is $1/2$ due to the constraint of the Gauss'\nlaw. We show that the scaling of these combined topological defects satisfies\nthe usual Kibble-Zurek mechanism. We verify that both the electric flux and the\nentanglement entropy satisfy the finite-time scaling theory in the whole driven\nprocess. Possible experimental realizations are discussed.",
        "positive": "Growing Correlation Length on Cooling Below the Onset of Caging in a\n  Simulated Glass-Forming Liquid: We present a calculation of a fourth-order, time-dependent density\ncorrelation function that measures higher-order spatiotemporall correlations of\nthe density of a liquid. From molecular dynamics simulations of a glass-forming\nLennard-Jones liquid, we find that the characteristic length scale of this\nfunction has a maximum as a function of time which increases steadily beyond\nthe characteristic length of the static pair correlation function $g(r)$ in the\ntemperature range approaching the mode coupling temperature from above."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Particle current in symmetric exclusion process with time-dependent\n  hopping rates: In a recent study, (Jain et al 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 190601), a symmetric\nexclusion process with time-dependent hopping rates was introduced. Using\nsimulations and a perturbation theory, it was shown that if the hopping rates\nat two neighboring sites of a closed ring vary periodically in time and have a\nrelative phase difference, there is a net DC current which decreases inversely\nwith the system size. In this work, we simplify and generalize our earlier\ntreatment. We study a model where hopping rates at all sites vary periodically\nin time, and show that for certain choices of relative phases, a DC current of\norder unity can be obtained. Our results are obtained using a perturbation\ntheory in the amplitude of the time-dependent part of the hopping rate. We also\npresent results obtained in a sudden approximation that assumes large\nmodulation frequency.",
        "positive": "Nucleation pathway and kinetics of phase-separating active Brownian\n  particles: Suspensions of purely repulsive but self-propelled Brownian particles might\nundergo phase separation, a phenomenon that strongly resembles the phase\nseparation of passive particles with attractions. Here we employ computer\nsimulations to study the nucleation kinetics and the microscopic pathway active\nBrownian disks take in two dimensions when quenched from the homogeneous\nsuspension to propulsion speeds beyond the binodal. We find the same\nqualitative behavior for the nucleation rate as a function of density as for a\npassive suspension undergoing liquid-vapor separation, suggesting that the\nscenario of an effective free energy also extends to the kinetics of phase\nseparation. We study the transition in more detail through a committor analysis\nand find that transition states are best described by a combination of cluster\nsize and the radial polarization of particles in the cluster."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self organized criticality in an improved Olami-Feder-Christensen model: An improved version of the Olami-Feder-Christensen model has been introduced\nto consider avalanche size differences. Our model well demonstrates the\npower-law behavior and finite size scaling of avalanche size distribution in\nany range of the adding parameter $p_{add}$ of the model. The probability\ndensity functions (PDFs) for the avalanche size differences at consecutive time\nsteps (defined as returns) appear to be well approached, in the thermodynamic\nlimit, by q-Gaussian shape with appropriate q values which can be obtained a\npriori from the avalanche size exponent $\\tau$. For the small system sizes,\nhowever, return distributions are found to be consistent with the crossover\nformulas proposed recently in Tsallis and Tirnakli, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 201,\n012001 (2010). Our results strengthen recent findings of Caruso et al. [Phys.\nRev. E 75, 055101(R) (2007)] on the real earthquake data which support the\nhypothesis that knowing the magnitude of previous earthquakes does not make the\nmagnitude of the next earthquake predictable. Moreover, the scaling relation of\nthe waiting time distribution of the model has also been found.",
        "positive": "Self-dual $S_3$-invariant quantum chains: We investigate the self-dual three-state quantum chain with nearest-neighbor\ninteractions and $S_3$, time-reversal, and parity symmetries. We find a rich\nphase diagram including gapped phases with order-disorder coexistence,\nintegrable critical points with U(1) symmetry, and ferromagnetic and\nantiferromagnetic critical regions described by three-state Potts and\nfree-boson conformal field theories respectively. We also find an unusual\ncritical phase which appears to be described by combining two conformal field\ntheories with distinct \"Fermi velocities\". The order-disorder coexistence phase\nhas an emergent fractional supersymmetry, and we find lattice analogs of its\ngenerators."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ising spin glass models versus Ising models: an effective mapping at\n  high temperature II. Applications to graphs and networks: By applying a recently proposed mapping, we derive exactly the upper phase\nboundary of several Ising spin glass models defined over static graphs and\nrandom graphs, generalizing some known results and providing new ones.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamic Modes in a Trapped Strongly Interacting Fermi Gases of\n  Atoms: The zero-temperature properties of a dilute two-component Fermi gas in the\nBCS-BEC crossover are investigated. On the basis of a generalization of the\nvariational Schwinger method, we construct approximate semi-analytical formulae\nfor collective frequencies of the radial and the axial breathing modes of the\nFermi gas under harmonic confinement in the framework of the hydrodynamic\ntheory. It is shown that the method gives nearly exact solutions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-Loop Calculation of the Anomalous Exponents in the\n  Kazantsev--Kraichnan Model of Magnetic Hydrodynamics: The problem of anomalous scaling in magnetohydrodynamics turbulence is\nconsidered within the framework of the kinematic approximation, in the presence\nof a large-scale background magnetic field. Field theoretic renormalization\ngroup methods are applied to the Kazantsev-Kraichnan model of a passive vector\nadvected by the Gaussian velocity field with zero mean and correlation function\n$\\propto \\delta(t-t')/k^{d+\\epsilon}$. Inertial-range anomalous scaling for the\ntensor pair correlators is established as a consequence of the existence in the\ncorresponding operator product expansions of certain \"dangerous\" composite\noperators, whose negative critical dimensions determine the anomalous\nexponents. The main technical result is the calculation of the anomalous\nexponents in the order $\\epsilon^2$ of the $\\epsilon$ expansion (two-loop\napproximation).",
        "positive": "Self-assembly of biomolecular condensates with shared components: Biomolecular condensates self-assemble when proteins and nucleic acids\nspontaneously demix to form droplets within the crowded intracellular milieu.\nThis simple mechanism underlies the formation of a wide variety of membraneless\ncompartments in living cells. To understand how multiple condensates with\ndistinct compositions can self-assemble in such a heterogeneous system, we\nstudy a minimal model in which we can \"program\" the pairwise interactions among\nhundreds of species. We show that the number of distinct condensates that can\nbe reliably assembled grows superlinearly with the number of species in the\nmixture when the condensates are allowed to share components. Furthermore, we\nshow that we can predict the maximum number of distinct condensates in a\nmixture without knowing the details of the pairwise interactions. Simulations\nof condensate growth confirm these predictions and suggest that the physical\nrules governing the achievable complexity of condensate-mediated spatial\norganization are broadly applicable to biomolecular mixtures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic asset trees and Black Monday: The minimum spanning tree, based on the concept of ultrametricity, is\nconstructed from the correlation matrix of stock returns. The dynamics of this\nasset tree can be characterised by its normalised length and the mean\noccupation layer, as measured from an appropriately chosen centre called the\n`central node'. We show how the tree length shrinks during a stock market\ncrisis, Black Monday in this case, and how a strong reconfiguration takes\nplace, resulting in topological shrinking of the tree.",
        "positive": "Stochastic strong zero modes and their dynamical manifestations: Strong zero modes (SZMs) are conserved operators localised at the edges of\ncertain quantum spin chains, which give rise to long coherence times of edge\nspins. Here we define and analyse analogous operators in one-dimensional\nclassical stochastic systems. For concreteness, we focus on chains with single\noccupancy and nearest-neighbour transitions, in particular particle hopping and\npair creation and annihilation. For integrable choices of parameters we find\nthe exact form of the SZM operators. Being in general non-diagonal in the\nclassical basis, the dynamical consequences of stochastic SZMs are very\ndifferent from those of their quantum counterparts. We show that the presence\nof a stochastic SZM is manifested through a class of exact relations between\ntime-correlation functions, absent in the same system with periodic boundaries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Properties of Fractional Exclusion Statistics in Interacting Particle\n  Systems: We show that fractional exclusion statistics is manifested in general in\ninteracting systems and we discuss the conjecture recently introduced (J. Phys.\nA: Math. Theor. 40, F1013, 2007), according to which if in a thermodynamic\nsystem the mutual exclusion statistics parameters are not zero, then they have\nto be proportional to the dimension of the Hilbert space on which they act. By\nusing simple, intuitive arguments, but also concrete calculations in\ninteracting systems models, we show that this conjecture is not some abstract\nconsequence of unphysical modeling, but is a natural--and for a long time\noverlooked--property of fractional exclusion statistics. We show also that the\nfractional exclusion statistics is the consequence of interaction between the\nparticles of the system and it is due to the change from the description of the\nsystem in terms of free-particle energies, to the description in terms of the\nquasi-particle energies. From this result, the thermodynamic equivalence of\nsystems of the same, constant density of states, but any exclusion statistics\nfollows immediately.",
        "positive": "Use of the attractive hard-core Yukawa interaction for the derivation of\n  the phase diagram of liquid water: The phase diagram of the attractive hard-core Yukawa fluid derived previously\n[M. Robles and M. L\\'opez de Haro, J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 15957 (2007)] is used\nto obtain the liquid-vapor coexistence curve of real water. To this end, the\nvalue of the inverse range parameter of the intermolecular potential in the\nYukawa fluid is fixed so that the ratio of the density at the critical point to\nthe liquid density at the triple point in this model coincides with the same\nratio in water. Subsequently, a (relatively simple) nonlinear rescaling of the\ntemperature is performed which allows one to obtain the full liquid vapor\ncoexistence curve of real water in the temperature-density plane with good\naccuracy, except close to the triple point. Such rescaling may be physically\ninterpreted in terms of an effective temperature-dependent attractive hard-core\nYukawa interaction potential which in turn introduces an extra temperature\ndependence in the equation of state. With the addi- tion of a multiplicative\nfactor to obtain from the model the critical pressure of real water, the\ncorrected equation of state yields reasonably accurate isotherms in the liquid\nphase region except in the vicinity of the critical isotherm and in the\nvicinity of the triple point isotherm. The liquid-vapor coexistence curves in\nthe pressure-temperature and pressure-density planes are also computed and a\npossible way to improve the quantitative agreement with the real data is\npointed out."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ripples and dots generated by lattice gases: We show that the emergence of different surface patterns (ripples, dots) can\nbe well understood by a suitable mapping onto the simplest nonequilibrium\nlattice gases and cellular automata.Using this efficient approach difficult,\nunanswered questions of surface growth and its scaling can be studied. The\nmapping onto binary variables facilitates effective simulations and enables one\nto consider very large system sizes.We have confirmed that the fundamental\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class is stable against a competing\nroughening diffusion,while a strong smoothing diffusion leads to logarithmic\ngrowth, a mean-field type behavior in two dimensions.The model can also\ndescribe anisotropic surface diffusion processes effectively. By analyzing the\ntime-dependent structure factor we give numerical estimates for the wavelength\ncoarsening behavior.",
        "positive": "Average Length of Cycles in Rectangular Lattice: We study the number of cycles and their average length in $L\\times N$ lattice\nby using classical method of transfer matrix. In this work, we derive a\nbivariate generating function $G_3(y, z)$ in which a coefficient of $y^i z^j$\nis the number of cycles of length $i$ in $3\\times j$ lattice. By using the\nbivariate generating function, we show that the average length of cycles in\n$3\\times N$ lattice is $\\alpha N + \\beta + o(1)$ where $\\alpha$ and $\\beta$ are\nsome algebraic numbers approximately equal to 3.166 and 0.961, respectively. We\nargue generalizations of this method for $L\\ge 4$, and obtain a generating\nfunction of the number of cycles in $L\\times N$ lattice for $L$ up to 7."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transient behavior of damage spreading in the two-dimensional\n  Blume-Capel ferromagnet: We study the transient behavior of damage propagation in the two-dimensional\nspin-$1$ Blume-Capel model using Monte Carlo simulations with Metropolis\ndynamics. We find that, for a particular region in the second-order transition\nregime of the crystal field--temperature phase diagram of the model, the\naverage Hamming distance decreases exponentially with time in the weakly\ndamaged system. Additionally, its rate of decay appears to depend linearly on a\nnumber of Hamiltonian parameters, namely the crystal field, temperature,\napplied magnetic field, but also on the amount of damage. Finally, a\ncomparative study using Metropolis and Glauber dynamics indicates a slower\ndecay rate of the average Hamming distance for the Glauber protocol.",
        "positive": "Studies of critical phenomena and phase transitions in large lattices\n  with Monte-Carlo based non-perturbative approaches: Critical phenomena and Goldstone mode effects in spin models with O(n)\nrotational symmetry are considered. Starting with the Goldstone mode\nsingularities in the XY and O(4) models, we briefly review different\ntheoretical concepts as well as state-of-the art Monte Carlo simulation\nresults. They support recent results of the GFD (grouping of Feynman diagrams)\ntheory, stating that these singularities are described by certain nontrivial\nexponents, which differ from those predicted earlier by perturbative\ntreatments. Furthermore, we present the recent Monte Carlo simulation results\nof the three-dimensional Ising model for very large lattices with linear sizes\nup to L=1536. These results are obtained, using a parallel OpenMP\nimplementation of the Wolff single cluster algorithm. The finite-size scaling\nanalysis of the critical exponent eta, assuming the usually accepted\ncorrection-to-scaling exponent omega=0.8, shows that eta is likely to be\nsomewhat larger than the value 0.0335 +/- 0.0025 of the perturbative\nrenormalization group (RG) theory. Moreover, we have found that the actual data\ncan be well described by different critical exponents: eta=omega=1/8 and\nnu=2/3, found within the GFD theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fisher information and thermodynamics' 1st. law: It was recently shown, starting from first principles, that thermodynamics'\nfirst law (TFL) can be microscopically obtained without need of invoking the\nadiabatic theorem (AT) [Physica A, {\\bf 356}, 167 (2005)]. We show here that a\nTFL can also be found for Fisher's information measure, following a similar\nprocedure. Further, it is proved that enforcing the Fisher-first law\nrequirements in a process in which the probability distribution is\ninfinitesimally varied is equivalent to minimizing Fisher's information measure\nsubject to appropriate constraints.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo simulations in a disordered binary Ising model: In this work we study a disordered binary Ising model on the square lattice.\nThe model system consists of two different particles with spin-1/2 and spin-1,\nwhich are randomly distributed on the lattice. It has been considered only spin\nnearest-neighbor exchange interactions with $J>0$. This system can represent a\ndisordered magnetic binary alloy $A_{x}B_{1-x}$, obtained from the high\ntemperature quenching of a liquid mixture. The results were obtained by the use\nof Monte Carlo simulations for several lattice sizes $L$, temperature $T$ and\nconcentration $x$ of ions $A$ with spin-1/2. We found its critical temperature,\nthrough the reduced fourth-order Binder cumulant for the several values of the\nconcentration $x$ of particles (spin-1/2, spin-1), and also the magnetization,\nthe susceptibility and the specific heat as a function of temperature $T$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficient subgraph-based sampling of Ising-type models with frustration: Here is proposed a general subgraph-based method for efficiently sampling\ncertain graphical models, typically using subgraphs of a fixed treewidth, and\nalso a related method for finding minimum energy (ground) states. In the case\nof models with frustration, such as the spin glass, evidence is presented that\nthis method can be more efficient than traditional single-site update methods.",
        "positive": "Eliminated corrections to scaling around a renormalization-group fixed\n  point: Transfer-matrix simulation of an extended d=3 Ising model: Extending the parameter space of the three-dimensional (d=3) Ising model, we\nsearch for a regime of eliminated corrections to finite-size scaling. For that\npurpose, we consider a real-space renormalization group (RSRG) with respect to\na couple of clusters simulated with the transfer-matrix (TM) method. Imposing a\ncriterion of \"scale invariance,\" we determine a location of the non-trivial\nRSRG fixed point. Subsequent large-scale TM simulation around the fixed point\nreveals eliminated corrections to finite-size scaling. As anticipated, such an\nelimination of corrections admits systematic finite-size-scaling analysis. We\nobtained the estimates for the critical indices as nu=0.6245(28) and\ny_h=2.4709(73). As demonstrated, with the aid of the preliminary RSRG survey,\nthe transfer-matrix simulation provides rather reliable information on\ncriticality even for d=3, where the tractable system size is restricted\nseverely."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Controlling the dynamics of colloidal particles by critical Casimir\n  forces: Critical Casimir forces can play an important role for applications in\nnano-science and nanotechnology, owing to their piconewton strength, nanometric\naction range, fine tunability as a function of temperature, and exquisite\ndependence on the surface properties of the involved objects. Here, we\ninvestigate the effects of critical Casimir forces on the free dynamics of a\npair of colloidal particles dispersed in the bulk of a near-critical binary\nliquid solvent, using blinking optical tweezers. In particular we measure the\ntime evolution of the distance between the two colloids to determine their\nrelative diffusion and drift velocity. Furthermore, we show how critical\nCasimir forces change the dynamic properties of this two-colloid system by\nstudying the temperature dependence of the distribution of the so-called\nfirst-passage time, i.e., of the time necessary for the particles to reach for\nthe first time a certain separation, starting from an initially assigned one.\nThese data are in good agreement with theoretical results obtained from Monte\nCarlo simulations and Langevin dynamics.",
        "positive": "Estimation of Bond Percolation Thresholds on the Archimedean Lattices: We give accurate estimates for the bond percolation critical probabilities on\nseven Archimedean lattices, for which the critical probabilities are unknown,\nusing an algorithm of Newman and Ziff."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "CTMRG study of the critical behavior of an interacting-dimer model: The critical behavior of a dimer model with an interaction favoring parallel\ndimers in each plaquette of the square lattice is studied numerically by means\nof the Corner Transfer Matrix Renormalization Group algorithm. The critical\nexponents are known to depend on the chemical potential of vacancies, or\nmonomers. At large average density of the latter, the phase transition becomes\nof first-order. We compute the scaling dimensions of both order parameter and\ntemperature in the second order regime and compare them with the conjecture\nthat the critical behavior is the same as the Ashkin-Teller model on its\nself-dual critical line.",
        "positive": "Deterministic replica-exchange method without pseudo random numbers for\n  simulations of complex systems: We propose a replica-exchange method (REM) which does not use pseudo random\nnumbers. For this purpose, we first give a conditional probability for Gibbs\nsampling replica-exchange method (GSREM) based on the heat bath method. In\nGSREM, replica exchange is performed by conditional probability based on the\nweight of states using pseudo random numbers. From the conditional probability,\nwe propose a new method called deterministic replica-exchange method (DETREM)\nthat produces thermal equilibrium distribution based on a differential equation\ninstead of using pseudo random numbers. This method satisfies the detailed\nbalance condition using a conditional probability of Gibbs heat bath method and\nthus results can reproduce the Boltzmann distribution within the condition of\nthe probability. We confirmed that the equivalent results were obtained by REM\nand DETREM with two-dimensional Ising model. DETREM can avoid problems of\nchoice of seeds in pseudo random numbers for REM using a differential equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport in time-dependent random potentials: The classical dynamics in stationary potentials that are random both in space\nand time is studied. It can be intuitively understood with the help of Chirikov\nresonances that are central in the theory of Chaos, and explored quantitatively\nin the framework of the Fokker-Planck equation. In particular, a simple\nexpression for the diffusion coefficient was obtained in terms of the average\npower density of the potential. The resulting anomalous diffusion in velocity\nis classified into universality classes. The general theory was applied and\nnumerically tested for specific examples relevant for optics and atom optics.",
        "positive": "Asymmetry of the vapor-liquid coexistence curve: the asymptotic behavior\n  of the \"diameter\": We analyze, without resort to any model field-mixing scheme, the leading\ntemperature-dependent term in the \"diameter\" of the coexistence curve\nasymptotically close to the vapor-liquid critical point. For this purpose, we\nuse a simple non-parametric equation of state which we develop by meeting\nseveral general requirements. Namely, we require that the desired equation (1)\nlead to correct asymptotic behavior for a limited number of the fluid's\nparameters along selected thermodynamic paths, (2) reveal a Van der Waals loop\nbelow the critical point, and (3) be consistent with a rigorous definition of\nthe isothermal compressibility in the critical region. For the temperature\ninterval in question, the proposed equation approximates experimental data with\nan accuracy comparable to those given by Schofield's parametric equation and by\nother authors' equations. The desired term is obtained by applying the Maxwell\nrule to the equation and can be represented as D_{2 \\beta} | \\tau |^{2 \\beta},\nwhere | \\tau | = | T - T_{c} | / T_{c}, and \\beta is the critical exponent for\nthe order parameter. The amplitude D_{2 \\beta} is determined explicitly for the\nvolume-temperature and entropy-temperature planes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tuning density profiles and mobility of inhomogeneous fluids: Density profiles are the most common measure of inhomogeneous structure in\nconfined fluids, but their connection to transport coefficients is poorly\nunderstood. We explore via simulation how tuning particle-wall interactions to\nflatten or enhance the particle layering of a model confined fluid impacts its\nself-diffusivity, viscosity, and entropy. Interestingly, interactions that\neliminate particle layering significantly reduce confined fluid mobility,\nwhereas those that enhance layering can have the opposite effect. Excess\nentropy helps to understand and predict these trends.",
        "positive": "Sweeping from the superfluid to Mott phase in the Bose-Hubbard model: We study the sweep through the quantum phase transition from the superfluid\nto the Mott state for the Bose-Hubbard model with a time-dependent tunneling\nrate $J(t)$. In the experimentally relevant case of exponential decay,\n$J(t)\\propto e^{-\\gamma t}$, an adapted mean-field expansion for large fillings\n$n$ yields a scaling solution for the fluctuations. This enables us to\nanalytically calculate the evolution of the number and phase variations\n(on-site) and correlations (off-site) for slow ($\\gamma\\ll\\mu$), intermediate,\nand fast (non-adiabatic $\\gamma\\gg\\mu$) sweeps, where $\\mu$ is the chemical\npotential. Finally, we derive the dynamical decay of the off-diagonal\nlong-range order as well as the temporal shrinkage of the superfluid fraction\nin a persistent ring-current setup."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mapping the phase transitions of the ZGB model with inert sites via\n  nonequilibrium refinement methods: In this paper, we revisit the ZGB model and explore the effects of the\npresence of inert sites on the catalytic surface. The continuous and\ndiscontinuous phase transitions of the model are studied via time-dependent\nMonte Carlo simulations. In our study, we are concerned with building a\nrefinement procedure, based on a simple concept known as coefficient of\ndetermination $r$, in order to find the possible phase transition points given\nby the two parameters of the model: the adsorption rates of carbon monoxide,\n$y$, and the density of inert sites, $\\rho_{is}$. First, we obtain $10^6$\nvalues of $r$ by sweeping the whole set of possible values of the parameters\nwith an increment $10^{-3}$, i.e., $0 \\leq y \\leq 1$ and $0 \\leq \\rho_{is} \\leq\n1$ with $\\Delta y=\\Delta\\rho_{is}=10^{-3}$. Then, with the possible phase\ntransition points in hand, we turn our attention to some fixed values of\n$\\rho_{is}$ and perform a more detailed refinement considering larger lattices\nand increasing the increment $\\Delta y$ by one order of magnitude to estimate\nthe critical points with higher precision. Finally, we estimate the static\ncritical exponents $\\beta$, $\\nu_{\\parallel}$, and $\\nu_{\\perp}$, as well as\nthe dynamic critical exponents $z$ and $\\theta$.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo algorithms for charged lattice gases: We consider Monte Carlo algorithms for the simulation of charged lattice\ngases with purely local dynamics. We study the mobility of particles as a\nfunction of temperature and show that the poor mobility of particles at low\ntemperatures is due to \"trails\" or \"strings\" left behind after particle motion.\nWe introduce modified updates which substantially improve the efficiency of the\nalgorithm in this regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Weighted Fractal Networks: In this paper we introduce new models of complex weighted networks sharing\nseveral properties with fractal sets: the deterministic non-homogeneous\nweighted fractal networks and the stochastic weighted fractal networks.\nNetworks of both classes can be completely analytically characterized in terms\nof the involved parameters. The proposed algorithms improve and extend the\nframework of weighted fractal networks recently proposed in (T. Carletti & S.\nRighi, in press Physica A, 2010)",
        "positive": "Evidence against an Almeida-Thouless line in disordered systems of Ising\n  dipoles: By tempered Monte Carlo simulations, an Almeida-Thouless (AT) phase-boundary\nline in site-diluted Ising spin systems is searched for. Spins interact only\nthrough dipolar fields and occupy a small fraction of lattice sites. The\nspin-glass susceptibility of these systems and of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick\nmodel are compared. The correlation length as a function of system size and\ntemperature is also studied. The results obtained are contrary to the existence\nof an AT line."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Failure of the Volume Function in Granular Statistical Mechanics and an\n  Alternative Formulation: We first show that the currently accepted statistical mechanics for granular\nmatter is flawed. The reason is that it is based on the volume function, which\ndepends only on a minute fraction of all the structural degrees of freedom and\nis unaffected by most of the configurational microstates. Consequently, the\ncommonly used partition function underestimates the entropy severely. We then\npropose a new formulation, replacing the volume function with a ${\\it\nconnectivity}$ function that depends on all the structural degrees of freedom\nand accounts correctly for the entire entropy. We discuss the advantages of the\nnew formalism and derive explicit results for two- and three-dimensional\nsystems. We test the formalism by calculating the entropy of an experimental\ntwo-dimensional system, as a function of system size, and showing that it is an\nextensive variable.",
        "positive": "Quantum quench in the sine-Gordon model: We consider the time evolution in the repulsive sine-Gordon quantum field\ntheory after the system is prepared in a particular class of initial states. We\nfocus on the time dependence of the one-point function of the semi-local\noperator $\\exp\\big(i\\ \\beta \\ \\Phi(x)/2\\big)$. By using two different methods\nbased on form-factor expansions, we show that this expectation value decays to\nzero exponentially, and we determine the decay rate by analytical means. Our\nmethods generalise to other correlation functions and integrable models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conformal invariance and composite operators: A strategy for improving\n  the derivative expansion of the nonperturbative renormalization group: It is expected that conformal symmetry is an emergent property of many\nsystems at their critical point. This imposes strong constraints on the\ncritical behavior of a given system. Taking them into account in theoretical\napproaches can lead to a better understanding of the critical physics or\nimprove approximation schemes. However, within the framework of the\nnon-perturbative or functional renormalization group and, in particular, of one\nof its most used approximation schemes, the Derivative Expansion (DE),\nnon-trivial constraints only apply from third order (usually denoted\n$\\mathcal{O}(\\partial^4)$), at least in the usual formulation of the DE that\nincludes correlation functions involving only the order parameter. In this\nwork, we implement conformal constraints on a generalized DE including\ncomposite operators and show that new constraints already appear at second\norder of the DE (or $\\mathcal{O}(\\partial^2)$). We show how these constraints\ncan be used to fix nonphysical regulator parameters.",
        "positive": "Scaling of the magnetic permeability at the\n  Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition from Coulomb gas simulations: A new approach to the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in the\ntwo-dimensional Coulomb gas model is explored by MC simulation and finite size\nscaling. The usual mapping of a neutral two-dimensional superconductor in zero\nmagnetic field to a Coulomb gas leads to an unscreened logarithmic interaction\nbetween the vortices, and with periodic boundary conditions vortex\nconfigurations are always vorticity neutral with an equal number of plus and\nminus vortices. We demonstrate that relaxing the neutrality condition has\ncertain advantages. It leads to non-neutral vortex configurations that can\nappear in real systems with open boundary conditions and permits calculation of\nthe compressibility, which for thin film superconductors corresponds to the\nmagnetic permeability. The vortex-number fluctuation has remarkable scaling\nproperties at and below the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. The\nfugacity variable becomes dangerously irrelevant in the low-temperature phase\nand leads to a multiplicative scaling correction to the mean-square\nvortex-number fluctuation and to the magnetic permeability. This multiplicative\ncorrection strongly affects the scaling properties of the vorticity fluctuation\nat and below the transition. Consequences of these findings are demonstrated\nusing Monte Carlo simulations. Inclusion of the next-higher order correction to\nscaling is found to play an important role in the analysis of numerical data\nfor the vortex number fluctuation and permits accurate determination of the\ncritical properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enumerations of plane meanders: A closed plane meander of order n is a closed self-avoiding loop intersecting\nan infinite line 2n times. Meanders are considered distinct up to any smooth\ndeformation leaving the line fixed. We have developed an improved algorithm,\nbased on transfer matrix methods, for the enumeration of plane meanders. This\nallows us to calculate the number of closed meanders up to n=24. The algorithm\nis easily modified to enumerate various systems of closed meanders,\nsemi-meanders or open meanders.",
        "positive": "Critical ultrasonic propagation in magnetic fields: Effect of an external magnetic field on the critical sound attenuation and\nvelocity of the longitudinal wave is studied in ferromagnets. We derive a\nparametric model that incorporates a crossover from the asymptotic critical\nbehavior to the Landau-Ginzburg regular behavior far away from the critical\npoint. The dynamics is based on the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau model with\nnon conserved order parameter (model A). The variations of the sound\nattenuation coefficient and velocity have been obtained for arbitrary values of\nthe magnetic field and reduced temperature. The scaling functions are given\nwithin the renormalization group formalism at one-loop order. Using MnP as an\nexample, we show that such parametric crossover model yields an accurate\ndescription of ultrasonic data in a large region of temperatures and magnetic\nfields around the critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficient algorithms for rigid body integration using optimized\n  splitting methods and exact free rotational motion: Hamiltonian splitting methods are an established technique to derive stable\nand accurate integration schemes in molecular dynamics, in which additional\naccuracy can be gained using force gradients. For rigid bodies, a tradition\nexists in the literature to further split up the kinetic part of the\nHamiltonian, which lowers the accuracy. The goal of this note is to comment on\nthe best combination of optimized splitting and gradient methods that avoids\nsplitting the kinetic energy. These schemes are generally applicable, but the\noptimal scheme depends on the desired level of accuracy. For simulations of\nliquid water it is found that the velocity Verlet scheme is only optimal for\ncrude simulations with accuracies larger than 1.5%, while surprisingly a\nmodified Verlet scheme (HOA) is optimal up to accuracies of 0.4% and a fourth\norder gradient scheme (GIER4) is optimal for even higher accuracies.",
        "positive": "Quantum Monte Carlo study of low dimensional magnetic system: Monte Carlo simulations are performed for the S = 1/2 XY and ferro- and\nantiferromagnetic Heisenberg model in two dimensions using the loop algorithm.\nThermodynamic properties of all these models are investigated in wide\ntemperature range. The energy, specific heat, susceptibility and other\nparameters are given as function of temperature and the Trotter number. The\ncomparison of calculated thermodynamic quantities with theoretical and with\nexperimental data are given. It is shown that our results are in good agreement\nwith them."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A combinatorial proof of tree decay of semi-invariants: We consider finite range Gibbs fields and provide a purely combinatorial\nproof of the exponential tree decay of semi--invariants, supposing that the\nlogarithm of the partition function can be expressed as a sum of suitable local\nfunctions of the boundary conditions. This hypothesis holds for completely\nanalytical Gibbs fields; in this context the tree decay of semi--invariants has\nbeen proven via analyticity arguments. However the combinatorial proof given\nhere can be applied also to the more complicated case of disordered systems in\nthe so called Griffiths' phase when analyticity arguments fail.",
        "positive": "Aggregation kinetics at sedimentation: the impact of particles diffusion: We investigate the aggregation kinetics of sedimenting particles\ntheoretically and numerically, using the advection-diffusion equation.\nAgglomeration, caused by both transport mechanisms (diffusion and advection),\nis important for small particles, like primary ash or soot particles in\natmosphere, and large particles of equal or close size, where the advection\nmechanism is weak. For small Peclet numbers, which quantify the relative\nimportance of diffusion and advection, we obtain the aggregation rates, as an\nexpansion in Peclet numbers. For large Peclet numbers we use purely ballistic\naggregation rates. Combining these results we obtain the rational approximant\nfor the whole range of Peclet numbers. We also compute the aggregation rates by\nnumerically solving the advection-diffusion equation. The results of the\nnumerical simulations are in excellent agreement with the analytical theory for\nthe studied Peclet numbers, varying by four orders of magnitude."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reconstruction of Markovian dynamics from untimed data: I develop a theoretical framework for inferring nonequilibrium equations of\nmotion from incomplete experimental data. I focus on genuinely irreversible,\nMarkovian processes, for which the incomplete data are given in the form of\nsnapshots of the macrostate at different instances of the evolution, yet\nwithout any information about the timing of these snapshots. A reconstruction\nof the equation of motion must therefore be preceded by a reconstruction of\ntime.",
        "positive": "First passage time and change of entropy: The first-passage time is proposed as an independent thermodynamic parameter\nof the statistical distribution that generalizes the Gibbs distribution. The\ntheory does not include the determination of the first passage statistics\nitself. A random process is set that describes a physical phenomenon. The first\npassage statistics is determined from this random process. The thermodynamic\nparameter conjugated to the first-passage time is the same as the Laplace\ntransform parameter of the first-passage time distribution in the partition\nfunction. The corresponding partition function is divided into multipliers, one\nof which is associated with the equilibrium parameters, and the second one -\nwith the parameters of the first-passage time distribution. The thermodynamic\nparameter conjugated to the first-passage time can be expressed in terms of the\ndeviation of the entropy from the equilibrium value. Thus, all moments of the\ndistribution of the first passage time are expressed in terms of the deviation\nof the entropy from its equilibrium value and the external forces acting on the\nsystem. By changing the thermodynamic forces, it is possible to change the\nfirst passage time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Continuously Varying Critical Exponents Beyond Weak Universality: Renormalization group theory does not restrict the from of continuous\nvariation of critical exponents which occurs in presence of a marginal\noperator. However, the continuous variation of critical exponents, observed in\ndifferent contexts, usually follows a weak universality scenario where some of\nthe exponents (e.g., $\\beta, \\gamma, \\nu$) vary keeping others (e.g., $\\delta ,\n\\eta$) fixed. Here we report a ferromagnetic phase transition in\n(Sm$_{1-y}$Nd$_{y}$)$_{0.52}$Sr$_{0.48}$MnO$_3$ $(0.5\\le y\\le1)$ single crystal\nwhere all critical exponents vary with $y.$ Such variation clearly violates\nboth universality and weak universality hypothesis. We propose a new scaling\ntheory that explains the present experimental results, reduces to the weak\nuniversality as a special case, and provides a generic route leading to\ncontinuous variation of critical exponents and multicriticality.",
        "positive": "Kovacs-like memory effect in driven granular gases: While memory effects have been reported for dense enough disordered systems\nsuch as glasses, we show here by a combination of analytical and simulation\ntechniques that they are also intrinsic to the dynamics of dilute granular\ngases. By means of a certain driving protocol, we prepare the gas in a state\nwhere the granular temperature $T$ coincides with its long time limit. However,\n$T$ does not subsequently remain constant, but exhibits a non-monotonic\nevolution before reaching its non-equilibrium steady value. The corresponding\nso-called Kovacs hump displays a normal behavior for weak dissipation (as\nobserved in molecular systems), but is reversed under strong dissipation, where\nit thus becomes anomalous."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extremal Optimization for Graph Partitioning: Extremal optimization is a new general-purpose method for approximating\nsolutions to hard optimization problems. We study the method in detail by way\nof the NP-hard graph partitioning problem. We discuss the scaling behavior of\nextremal optimization, focusing on the convergence of the average run as a\nfunction of runtime and system size. The method has a single free parameter,\nwhich we determine numerically and justify using a simple argument. Our\nnumerical results demonstrate that on random graphs, extremal optimization\nmaintains consistent accuracy for increasing system sizes, with an\napproximation error decreasing over runtime roughly as a power law t^(-0.4). On\ngeometrically structured graphs, the scaling of results from the average run\nsuggests that these are far from optimal, with large fluctuations between\nindividual trials. But when only the best runs are considered, results\nconsistent with theoretical arguments are recovered.",
        "positive": "Interaction-disorder-driven characteristic momentum in graphene,\n  approach of multi-body distribution functions: Multi-point probability measures along with the dielectric function of Dirac\nFermions in mono-layer graphene containing particle-particle and white-noise\n(out-plane) disorder interactions on an equal footing in the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac\napproximation is investigated. By calculating the one-body carrier density\nprobability measure of the graphene sheet, we show that the density fluctuation\n($\\zeta^{-1}$) is related to the disorder strength ($n_i$), the interaction\nparameter ($r_s$) and the average density ($\\bar{n}$) via the relation\n$\\zeta^{-1}\\propto r_sn_i^2\\bar{n}^{-1}$ for which $\\bar{n}\\rightarrow 0$ leads\nto strong density inhomogeneities, i.e. electron-hole puddles (EHPs), in\nagreement with the previous works. The general equation governing the two-body\ndistribution probability is obtained and analyzed. We present the analytical\nsolution for some limits which is used for calculating density-density response\nfunction. We show that the resulting function shows power-law behaviors in\nterms of $\\zeta$ with fractional exponents which are reported. The\ndisorder-averaged polarization operator is shown to be a decreasing function of\nmomentum like ordinary 2D parabolic band systems. It is seen that a\ndisorder-driven momentum $q_{\\text{ch}}$ emerges in the system which controls\nthe behaviors of the screened potential. We show that in small densities an\ninstability occurs in which imaginary part of the dielectric function becomes\nnegative and the screened potential changes sign. Corresponding to this\ninstability, some oscillations in charge density along with a\nscreening-anti-screening transition are observed. These effects become dominant\nin very low densities, strong disorders and strong interactions, the state in\nwhich EHPs appear. The total charge probability measure is another quantity\nwhich has been investigated in this paper."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theoretical analysis of thermophoretic experimental data: Thermophoresis is a transport phenomenon induced by a temperature gradient.\nVery small objects dispersed in a fluid medium and in a temperature gradient\npresent a non homogeneous steady density. Analysing this phenomenon within the\ntheoretical scenario of non interacting Brownian motion one can assume that\nthose particles are driven by a spatially dependent mechanical force. This\nimplies the existence of a potential which was derived in a previous work. From\nthis potential the qualitative properties of the force and the Soret\ncoefficient were obtained. Nevertheless a quantitative correlation between the\ntheory and the experimental data were not consistently proved. Here it is\npresented a methodology to match this theory with the experimental data, which\nit is used to analyse the experimental information of sodium docecyl sulfate\n(SDS) micelles.",
        "positive": "Modified stochastic fragmentation of an interval as an ageing process: We study a stochastic model based on a modified fragmentation of a finite\ninterval. The mechanism consists in cutting the interval at a random location\nand substituting a unique fragment on the right of the cut to regenerate and\npreserve the interval length. This leads to a set of segments of random sizes,\nwith the accumulation of small fragments near the origin. This model is an\nexample of record dynamics, with the presence of \"quakes\" and slow dynamics.\nThe fragment size distribution is a universal inverse power law with\nlogarithmic corrections. The exact distribution for the fragment number as\nfunction of time is simply related to the unsigned Stirling numbers of the\nfirst kind. Two-time correlation functions are defined and computed exactly.\nThey satisfy scaling relations and exhibit aging phenomena. In particular the\nprobability that the same number of fragments is found at two different times\n$t>s$ is asymptotically equal to $[4\\pi\\log(s)]^{-1/2}$ when $s\\gg 1$ and the\nratio $t/s$ fixed, in agreement with the numerical simulations. The same\nprocess with a reset impedes the aging phenomena beyond a typical time scale\ndefined by the reset parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Minimal knotted polygons in cubic lattices: An implementation of BFACF-style algorithms on knotted polygons in the simple\ncubic, face centered cubic and body centered cubic lattice is used to estimate\nthe statistics and writhe of minimal length knotted polygons in each of the\nlattices. Data are collected and analysed on minimal length knotted polygons,\ntheir entropy, and their lattice curvature and writhe.",
        "positive": "Resonant activation in a nonadiabatically driven optical lattice: We demonstrate the phenomenon of resonant activation in a non-adiabatically\ndriven dissipative optical lattice with broken time-symmetry. The resonant\nactivation results in a resonance as function of the driving frequency in the\ncurrent of atoms through the periodic potential. We demonstrate that the\nresonance is produced by the interplay between deterministic driving and\nfluctuations, and we also show that by changing the frequency of the driving it\nis possible to control the direction of the diffusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimized effective potential method with exact exchange and static RPA\n  correlation: We present a new density-functional method of the self-consistent\nelectronic-structure calculation which does not exploit any local density\napproximations (LDA). We use the exchange-correlation energy which consists of\nthe exact exchange and the correlation energies in the random-phase\napproximation. The functional derivative of the correlation energy with respect\nto the density is obtained within a static approximation. For transition\nmetals, it is shown that the correlation potential gives rise to a large\ncontribution which has the opposite sign to the exchange potential. Resulting\neigenvalue dispersions and the magnetic moments are very close to those of\nLDA's and the experiments.",
        "positive": "Double Entropic Stochastic Resonance: We demonstrate the appearance of a purely entropic stochastic resonance (ESR)\noccurring in a geometrically confined system, where the irregular boundaries\ncause entropic barriers. The interplay between a periodic input signal, a\nconstant bias and intrinsic thermal noise leads to a resonant ESR-phenomenon in\nwhich feeble signals become amplified. This new phenomenon is characterized by\nthe presence of two peaks in the spectral amplification at corresponding\noptimal values of the noise strength. The main peak is associated with the\nmanifest stochastic resonance synchronization mechanism involving the\ninter-well noise-activated dynamics while a second peak relates to a regime of\noptimal sensitivity for intra-well dynamics. The nature of ESR, occurring when\nthe origin of the barrier is entropic rather than energetic, offers new\nperspectives for novel investigations and potential applications. ESR by itself\npresents yet another case where one constructively can harvest noise in driven\nnonequilibrium systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-component plasma in a gravitational field: Thermodynamics: We revisit the model of the two-component plasma in a gravitational field,\nwhich mimics charged colloidal suspensions. We concentrate on the computation\nof the grand potential of the system. Also, a special sum rule for this model\nis presented.",
        "positive": "Effect of long-range interactions on the phase transition of Axelrod's\n  model: Axelrod's model with $F=2$ cultural features, where each feature can assume\n$k$ states drawn from a Poisson distribution of parameter $q$, exhibits a\ncontinuous nonequilibrium phase transition in the square lattice. Here we use\nextensive Monte Carlo simulations and finite size scaling to study the critical\nbehavior of the order parameter $\\rho$, which is the fraction of sites that\nbelong to the largest domain of an absorbing configuration averaged over many\nruns. We find that it vanishes as $\\rho \\sim \\left (q_c^0 - q \\right)^\\beta$\nwith $\\beta \\approx 0.25$ at the critical point $q_c^0 \\approx 3.10$ and that\nthe exponent that measures the width of the critical region is $\\nu^0 \\approx\n2.1$. In addition, we find that introduction of long-range links by rewiring\nthe nearest-neighbors links of the square lattice with probability $p$ turns\nthe transition discontinuous, with the critical point $q_c^p$ increasing from\n$3.1$ to $27.17$, approximately, as $p$ increases from $0$ to $1$. The\nsharpness of the threshold, as measured by the exponent $\\nu^p \\approx 1$ for\n$p>0$, increases with the square root of the number of nodes of the resulting\nsmall-world network."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of a stochastic twin elevator: We study the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of a single particle with two\navailable energy levels, in contact with a classical (Maxwell-Boltzmann) or\nquantum (Bose-Einstein) heat bath. The particle can undergo transitions between\nthe levels via thermal activation or deactivation. The energy levels are\nalternately raised at a given rate regardless of occupation by the particle,\nmaintaining a fixed energy gap equal to epsilon between them. We explicitly\ncalculate the work, heat and entropy production rates. The efficiency in both\nthe classical and the quantum case goes to a limit between 100% and 50% that\ndepends on the relative rates of particle transitions and level elevation. In\nthe classical problem we explicitly find the large deviation functions for\nheat, work, and internal energy.",
        "positive": "Effective temperature from fluctuation-dissipation theorem in systems\n  with bipartite eigenmode entanglement: In thermal equilibrium, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem relates the\nlinear response and correlation functions in a model and observable independent\nfashion. Out of equilibrium, these relations still hold if the equilibrium\ntemperature is replaced by an observable and frequency-dependent parameter\n(effective temperature). When the system achieves a long time thermal state all\nof these effective temperatures should be equal and constant. Following this\napproach we examine the long times regime after a quantum quench in a system\nwith bipartite entanglement in which the asymptotic values of the observable\nare compatible with the ones obtained in a Gibbs ensemble. We observe that when\nthe initial entanglement is large, and for a large range of (intermediate)\nfrequencies, the effective temperatures corresponding to the analyzed local and\nnon-local operators approach an approximate constant value equal to the\ntemperature that governs the decay of correlations. Still, the residual\nfrequency dependence in the effective temperature, and the differences observed\namong observables discards strict thermalization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic scaling in the spatial distribution of persistent sites: The spatial distribution of persistent (unvisited) sites in one dimensional\n$A+A\\to\\emptyset$ model is studied. The `empty interval distribution' $n(k,t)$,\nwhich is the probability that two consecutive persistent sites are separated by\ndistance $k$ at time $t$ is investigated in detail. It is found that at late\ntimes this distribution has the dynamical scaling form $n(k,t)\\sim\nt^{-\\theta}k^{-\\tau}f(k/t^{z})$. The new exponents $\\tau$ and $z$ change with\nthe initial particle density $n_{0}$, and are related to the persistence\nexponent $\\theta$ through the scaling relation $z(2-\\tau)=\\theta$. We show by\nrigorous analytic arguments that for all $n_{0}$, $1< \\tau< 2$, which is\nconfirmed by numerical results.",
        "positive": "On the convergence of cluster expansions: Two theorems on the theory of cluster expansions for an abstract polymer\nsystem are reported."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The three-dimensional Baxter-Wu Model: A classic three-dimensional spin model, based upon the Baxter-Wu scheme, is\npresented. It is found, by entropic sampling simulations, that the behavior of\nthe energy and magnetization fourth-order cumulants points out to a first order\nphase transition. A finite-size procedure was performed, confirming that the\nsystem scales with the dimensionality d = 3, and yielding a high-resolution\nestimate of the critical temperature as T c = 11.377577(39).",
        "positive": "Multi-scale time-stepping in molecular dynamics: We introduce a modified molecular dynamics algorithm that allows one to\nfreeze the dynamics of parts of a physical system, and thus concentrate the\nsimulation effort on selected, central degrees of freedom. This freezing, in\ncontrast to other multi-scale methods, introduces no approximations in the\nthermodynamic behaviour of the non-central variables while conserving the\nNewtonian dynamics of the region of physical interest."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strong and weak field criticality of 2D liquid gas transition: Finite size scaling (FSS) analysis of the liquid gas criticality is\ncomplicated by the absence of any broken symmetry. This, in particular, does\nnot allow a straightforward finding of the coexistence line and the critical\npoint. The numerical flowgram (NF) method is adapted for a controlled\ndetermination of the coexistence line and the critical point, with the critical\nindices $\\mu,\\, \\nu$ measured within 1-2% of the total error. The approach\nbased on the NF for measuring the non-analytical corrections to the diameter -\nthe mean density of the liquid and gas phases along the coexistence line - is\noutlined. Our analysis is a first step toward a general evaluation of isolated\ncritical and multicritical points.",
        "positive": "Width of phonon states on defects of various dimensions: We consider the localized phonon states created by defects of various\ngeometries near the edge of an optical-phonon branch. The averaged Green's\nfunction is calculated to study the Raman line shape. The phonon scattering by\nthe defects induces broadening and line shape asymmetry.\n  The contribution of localized states to Raman spectra has a form of shoulder\nwith a width proportional to the square root of defect concentration."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vectorial Loading of Processive Motor Proteins: Implementing a Landscape\n  Picture: Individual processive molecular motors, of which conventional kinesin is the\nmost studied quantitatively, move along polar molecular tracks and, by exerting\na force ${\\bm F} = (F_x,F_y,F_z)$ on a tether, drag cellular cargoes, {\\em in\nvivo}, or spherical beads, {\\em in vitro}, taking up to hundreds of\nnanometer-scale steps. From observations of velocities and the dispersion of\ndisplacements with time, under measured forces and controlled fuel supply\n(typically ATP), one may hope to obtain insight into the molecular motions\nundergone in the individual steps. In the simplest situation, the load force\n${\\bm F}$ may be regarded as a scalar resisting force, $F_x < 0$, acting\nparallel to the track: however, experiments, originally by Gittes {\\em et al.}\n(1996), have imposed perpendicular (or vertical) loads, $F_z > 0$, while more\nrecently Block and coworkers (2002, 2003) and Carter and Cross (2005) have\nstudied {\\em assisting} (or reverse) loads, $F_x > 0$, and also sideways (or\ntransverse) loads $F_y \\neq 0$.",
        "positive": "Finite size effects in a mean-field kinetically constrained model:\n  dynamical glassiness and quantum criticality: On the example of a mean-field Fredrickson-Andersen kinetically constrained\nmodel, we focus on the known property that equilibrium dynamics take place at a\nfirst-order dynamical phase transition point in the space of time-realizations.\nWe investigate the finite-size properties of this first order transition. By\ndiscussing and exploiting a mapping of the classical dynamical transition -an\nargued glassiness signature- to a first-order quantum transition, we show that\nthe quantum analogy can be exploited to extract finite-size properties, which\nin many respects are similar to those in genuine mean-field quantum systems\nwith a first-order transition. We fully characterize the finite-size properties\nof the order parameter across the first order transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time-Correlated Blip Dynamics of Open Quantum Systems: The non-Markovian dynamics of open quantum systems is still a challenging\ntask, particularly in the non-perturbative regime at low temperatures. While\nthe Stochastic Liouville-von Neumann equation (SLN) provides a formally exact\ntool to tackle this problem for both discrete and continuous degrees of\nfreedom, its performance deteriorates for long times due to an inherently\nnon-unitary propagator. Here we present a scheme which combines the SLN with\nprojector operator techniques based on finite dephasing times, gaining\nsubstantial improvements in terms of memory storage and statistics. The\napproach allows for systematic convergence and is applicable in regions of\nparameter space where perturbative methods fail, up to the long time domain.\nFindings are applied to the coherent and incoherent quantum dynamics of two-\nand three-level systems. In the long time domain sequential and super-exchange\ntransfer rates are extracted and compared to perturbative predictions.",
        "positive": "Kinetic roughening in two-phase fluid flow through a random Hele-Shaw\n  cell: A nonlocal interface equation is derived for two-phase fluid flow, with\narbitrary wettability and viscosity contrast c=(mu_1-mu_2)/(mu_1+mu_2), in a\nmodel porous medium defined as a Hele-Shaw cell with random gap b_0+delta b.\nFluctuations of both capillary and viscous pressure are explicitly related to\nthe microscopic quenched disorder, yielding conserved, non-conserved and\npower-law correlated noise terms. Two length scales are identified that control\nthe possible scaling regimes and which scale with capillary number as ell_1 ~\nb_0(c Ca)^{-1/2} and ell_2 ~ b_0 Ca^{-1}. Exponents for forced fluid invasion\nare obtained from numerical simulation and compared with recent experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport on Adaptive Random Lattices: In this paper, we present a new method for the solution of those linear\ntransport processes that may be described by a Master Equation, such as\nelectron, neutron and photon transport, and more exotic variants thereof. We\nbase our algorithm on a Markov process on a Voronoi-Delaunay grid, a\nnonperiodic lattice which is derived from a random point process that is chosen\nto optimally represent certain properties of the medium through which the\ntransport occurs. Our grid is locally translation and rotation invariant in the\nmean. We illustrate our approach by means of a particular example, in which the\nexpectation value of the length of a grid line corresponds to the local mean\nfree path. In this example, the lattice is a direct representation of the `free\npath space' of the medium. Subsequently, transport is defined as simply moving\nparticles from one node to the next, interactions taking place at each point.\nWe derive the statistical properties of such lattices, describe the limiting\nbehavior, and show how interactions are incorporated as global coefficients.\nTwo elementary linear transport problems are discussed: that of free ballistic\ntransport, and the transport of particles through a scattering medium. We also\nmention a combination of these two. We discuss the efficiency of our method,\nshowing that it is much faster than most other methods, because the operation\ncount does not scale with the number of sources. (ABRIDGED)",
        "positive": "Symmetry-resolved entanglement in a long-range free-fermion chain: We investigate the symmetry resolution of entanglement in the presence of\nlong-range couplings. To this end, we study the symmetry-resolved entanglement\nentropy in the ground state of a fermionic chain that has dimerised long-range\nhoppings with power-like decaying amplitude -- a long-range generalisation of\nthe Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. This is a system that preserves the number of\nparticles. The entropy of each symmetry sector is calculated via the charged\nmoments of the reduced density matrix. We exploit some recent results on block\nToeplitz determinants generated by a discontinuous symbol to obtain\nanalytically the asymptotic behaviour of the charged moments and of the\nsymmetry-resolved entropies for a large subsystem. At leading order we find\nentanglement equipartition, but comparing with the short-range counterpart its\nbreaking occurs at a different order and it does depend on the hopping\namplitudes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Moment of Inertia and the Scissors Mode of a Bose-condensed Gas: We relate the frequency of the scissors mode to the moment of inertia of a\ntrapped Bose gas at finite temperature in a semi-classical approximation. We\napply these theoretical results to the data obtained in our previous study of\nthe properties of the scissors mode of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate of\n$^{87}$Rb atoms as a function of the temperature. The frequency shifts that we\nmeasured show quenching of the moment of inertia of the Bose gas at\ntemperatures below the transition temperature - the system has a lower moment\nof inertia that of a rigid body with the same mass distribution, because of\nsuperfluidity.",
        "positive": "Work fluctuation theorems with initial quantum coherence: Fluctuation theorems are fundamental results in nonequilibrium thermodynamics\nbeyond the linear response regime. Among these, the paradigmatic Tasaki-Crooks\nfluctuation theorem relates the statistics of the works done in a forward\nout-of-equilibrium quantum process and in a corresponding backward one. In\nparticular, the initial states of the two processes are thermal states and thus\nincoherent in the energy basis. Here, we aim to investigate the role of initial\nquantum coherence in work fluctuation theorems. To do this, we formulate and\nexamine the implications of a stronger fluctuation theorem, which reproduces\nthe Tasaki-Crooks fluctuation theorem in the absence of initial quantum\ncoherence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Particle dynamics in sheared granular matter: The particle dynamics and shear forces of granular matter in a Couette\ngeometry are determined experimentally. The normalized tangential velocity\n$V(y)$ declines strongly with distance $y$ from the moving wall, independent of\nthe shear rate and of the shear dynamics. Local RMS velocity fluctuations\n$\\delta V(y)$ scale with the local velocity gradient to the power $0.4 \\pm\n0.05$. These results agree with a locally Newtonian, continuum model, where the\ngranular medium is assumed to behave as a liquid with a local temperature\n$\\delta V(y)^2$ and density dependent viscosity.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic curvature for a two-parameter spin model with frustration: Microscopic models of realistic thermodynamic systems usually involve a\nnumber of parameters, not all of equal macroscopic relevance. We examine a\ndecorated $(1+3)$ Ising spin chain containing two microscopic parameters: a\n\"stiff\" $K$ mediating the long-range interactions, and a \"sloppy\" $J$ operating\nwithin local spin groups. $K$ dominates the macroscopic behavior, and varying\n$J$ has weak effect except in regions where $J$ brings about transitions\nbetween phases through its conditioning of the local spin groups with which $K$\ninteracts. We calculate the heat capacity $C_H$, the magnetic susceptibility\n$\\chi_T$, and the thermodynamic curvature $R$. For large $|J/K|$, we identify\nfour magnetic phases: ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and two ferrimagnetic\nones, according to the signs of $K$ and $J$. We argue that for characterizing\nthese phases, the strongest picture is offered by the thermodynamic geometric\ninvariant $R$, proportional to the correlation length $\\xi$. This picture has\ncorrespondences to other cases, such as fluids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation theorems for multiple co-evolving systems: All previously derived thermodynamic fluctuation theorems (FTs) that concern\nmultiple co-evolving systems have required that each system can only change its\nstate during an associated pre-fixed, limited set of time intervals. However,\nin many real-world cases the times when systems change their states are\nrandomly determined, e.g., in almost all biological examples of co-evolving\nsystems. Such randomness in the timing drastically modifies the thermodynamics.\nHere I derive FTs that apply whether or not the timing is random. These FTs\nprovide new versions of the second law, and of all conventional thermodynamic\nuncertainty relations (TURs). These new results are often stronger than the\nconventional versions, which ignore how an overall system may decompose into a\nset of co-evolving systems. In addition, the new TURs often bound entropy\nproduction (EP) of the overall system even if none of the criteria for a\nconventional TUR (e.g., being a non-equilibrium steady state) hold for that\noverall system.",
        "positive": "Failure of Ornstein--Zernike asymptotics for the pair correlation\n  function at high temperature and small density: We report on recent results that show that the pair correlation function of\nsystems with exponentially decaying interactions can fail to exhibit\nOrnstein-Zernike asymptotics at all sufficiently high temperatures and all\nsufficiently small densities. This turns out to be related to a lack of\nanalyticity of the correlation length as a function of temperature and/or\ndensity and even occurs for one-dimensional systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytical and numerical studies of creation probabilities of\n  hierarchical trees: We consider the creation conditions of diverse hierarchical trees both\nanalytically and numerically. A connection between the probabilities to create\nhierarchical levels and the probability to associate these levels into a united\nstructure is studied. We argue that a consistent probabilistic picture requires\nthe use of deformed algebra. Our consideration is based on the study of the\nmain types of hierarchical trees, among which both regular and degenerate ones\nare studied analytically, while the creation probabilities of Fibonacci,\nscale-free and arbitrary trees are determined numerically.",
        "positive": "Finite temperature correlations for the U_q(sl(2|1))-invariant\n  generalized Hubbard model: We study an integrable model of one-dimensional strongly correlated electrons\nat finite temperature by explicit calculation of the correlation lengths of\nvarious correlation functions. The model is invariant with respect to the\nquantum superalgebra U_q(sl(2|1)) and characterized by the Hubbard interaction,\ncorrelated hopping and pair-hopping terms. Using the integrability, the graded\nquantum transfer matrix is constructed. From the analyticity of its\neigenvalues, a closed set of non-linear integral equations is derived which\ndescribe the thermodynamical quantities and the finite temperature\ncorrelations. The results show a crossover from a regime with dominating\ndensity-density correlations to a regime with dominating superconducting pair\ncorrelations. Analytical calculations in the low temperature limit are also\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal activation at moderate-to-high and high damping: finite barrier\n  effects and force spectroscopy: We study the thermal escape problem in the moderate-to-high and high damping\nregime of a system with a parabolic barrier. We present a formula that matches\nour numerical results accounting for finite barrier effects, and compare it\nwith previous works. We also show results for the full damping range. We\nquantitatively study some aspects on the relation between mean first passage\ntime and the definition of a escape rate. To finish we apply our results and\nconsiderations in the framework of force spectroscopy problems. We study the\ndifferences on the predictions using the different theories and discuss the\nrole of $\\gamma \\dot{F}$ as the relevant parameter at high damping.",
        "positive": "Stochastic dynamics of a non-Markovian random walk in the presence of\n  resetting: The discrete stochastic dynamics of a random walker in the presence of\nresetting and memory is analyzed. Resetting and memory effects may compete for\ncertain parameter regime and lead to significant changes in the long time\ndynamics of the walker. Analytic exact results are obtained for a model memory\nwhere the walker remembers all the past events equally. In most cases,\nresetting effects dominate at long times and dictate the asymptotic dynamics.\nWe discuss the full phase diagram of the asymptotic dynamics and the resulting\nchanges due to the resetting and the memory effects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Everything you wish to know about correlations but are afraid to ask: We discuss the various definitions of time correlation functions and how to\nestimate them from experimental or simulation data. We start with the various\ndefinitions, both in real and in Fourier space, and explain how to extract from\nthem a characteristic time scale. We then study how to estimate the correlation\nfunctions, i.e.\\ how to obtain a good approximation to them from a sample of\ndata obtained experimentally. Finally we discuss some practical details that\narise in the actual computation of these estimates, and we describe some\nrelevant algorithms.",
        "positive": "Off-diagonal Ground State Properties of a 1D Gas of Fermi Hard Rods: A variational Monte Carlo calculation of the one-body density matrix and\nmomentum distribution of a system of Fermi hard rods (HR) is presented and\ncompared with the same quantities for its bosonic counterpart. The calculation\nis exact within statistical errors since we sample the exact ground state wave\nfunction, whose analytical expression is known. The numerical results are in\ngood agreement with known asymptotic expansions valid for Luttinger liquids. We\nfind that the difference between the absolute value of the bosonic and\nfermionic density matrices becomes marginally small as the density increases.\nIn this same regime, the corresponding momentum distributions merge into a\ncommon profile that is independent of the statistics. Non-analytical\ncontributions to the one--body density matrix are also discussed and found to\nbe less relevant with increasing density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling Laws and Topological Exponents in Voronoi Tessellations of\n  Intermittent Point Distributions: Voronoi tessellations of scale-invariant fractal sets are characterized by\ntopological and metrical properties that are significantly different from those\nof natural cellular structures. As an example we analyze Voronoi diagrams of\nintermittent particle distributions generated by a directed percolation process\nin (2+1) dimensions. We observe that the average area of a cell increases much\nfaster with the number of its neighbours than in natural cellular structures\nwhere Lewis' law predicts a linear behaviour. We propose and numerically verify\na universal scaling law that relates shape and size of the cells in\nscale-invariant tessellations. A novel exponent, related to the topological\nproperties of the tessellation, is introduced and estimated numerically.",
        "positive": "Revisiting the Exact Dynamical Structure Factor of the Heisenberg\n  Antiferromagnetic Model: We revisit our initial derivations of the exact 2-spinon $S_2$ and 4-spinon\n$S_4$ dynamical structure factors (DSF). First we show that the latter\nderivations had normalization factors that are twice and quadriple the correct\nones respectively. This means that $S_2$ contributes not 72% as was previously\nthought but 36% to the total DSF. We also calculated the contribution of $S_4$\nto be between 18% and 20% and not 27% as was calculated by Caux and Hagemans.\nIn fact we show that the latter reference had also the normalization factor\ntwice the correct value and had it done the numeric integrations correctly it\nwould have obtained a contribution between 36% and 40% for $S_4$. Furthermore,\nwe prove that its claim that our initial derivation of $S_4$ was also incorrect\nin its dependency on the spectral parameters is incorrect because fixing the\nmomentun transfer $k$ up to $2\\pi$ as the latter reference did to justify its\nclaim only amounts to mutltiplying the overall factor by 2 because as we will\nprove in this paper $S_4$ is periodic in $k$ with period $2\\pi$. Also in this\npaper we derive $S_n$ for general $n$ by following a different approach\ncompared to our initial derivation of $S_4$. Although for $S_4$ both the new\nderivation and the initial one lead to equivalent formulas that are expressed\ndifferently, the new form presented in this paper is much more elegant and\ncompact and also reveals new hidden and nontrivial symmetries which\nsubstantially simplify the numeric evaluation of $S_4$ and its sum rules.\nMoreover based on the results of this paper we propose a simple approximation\nto the total DSF of the Heisenberg model. Finally we comment on how our work\nmight resolve the discrepancy between the exact theoretic results and\nexperiemntal data as reported by Zaliznyak et al."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random matrices theory elucidates the critical nonequilibrium phenomena: The earlier times of evolution of a magnetic system contain more information\nthan we can imagine. Capturing correlation matrices G of different time\nevolutions of a simple testbed spin system, as the Ising model, we analyzed the\ndensity of eigenvalues of G^{T}G for different temperatures. We observe a\ntransition of the shape of the distribution that presents a gap of eigenvalues\nfrom critical temperature with a continuous migration to the Marchenko-Pastur\nlaw for the paramagnetic phase. We consider the analysis a promising method to\nbe applied in other spin systems to characterize phase transitions. Our\napproach is different from alternatives in the literature since it uses the\nmagnetization matrix and not the spatial matrix of spins.",
        "positive": "Dynamical phase transitions in one-dimensional hard-particle systems: We analyse a one-dimensional model of hard particles, within ensembles of\ntrajectories that are conditioned (or biased) to atypical values of the\ntime-averaged dynamical activity. We analyse two phenomena that are associated\nwith these large deviations of the activity: phase separation (at low activity)\nand the formation of hyperuniform states (at high activity). We consider a\nversion of the model which operates at constant volume, and a version at\nconstant pressure. In these non-equilibrium systems, differences arise between\nthe two ensembles, because of the extra freedom available to the\nconstant-pressure system, which can change its total density. We discuss the\nrelationships between different ensembles, mechanical equilibrium, and the\nprobability cost of rare density fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Short time dynamics of tracer in ideal gas: A small tagged particle immersed in a fluid exhibits the Brownian motion and\ndiffuses at the long-time scale. Meanwhile, at the short-time scale, the\ndynamics of the tagged particle cannot be simply described by the usual\ngeneralized Langevin equation with the Gaussian noise, since the number of\ncollisions between the tagged particle and fluid particles is rather small. At\nsuch a time scale, we should explicitly consider individual collision events\nbetween the tagged particle and the surrounding fluid particles. In this study,\nwe analyzed the short-time dynamics of the tagged particle in an ideal gas,\nwhere we do not have static nor hydrodynamic correlations between fluid\nparticles. We performed event-driven hard sphere simulations and show that the\nshort-time dynamics of the tagged particle is correlated even under such an\nidealized situation. Namely, the velocity autocorrelation function becomes\nnegative when the tagged particle is relatively light and the fluid density is\nrelatively high. This result can be attributed to the dynamical correlation\nbetween collision events. To investigate the physical mechanism, which causes\nthe dynamical correlation, we analyzed the correlation between successive\ncollision events. We found that the tagged particle can collide with the same\nideal gas particle several times, and such collisions cause the strong\ndynamical correlation for the velocity.",
        "positive": "Persistent oscillations after quantum quenches: The inhomogeneous case: We previously showed that a quantum quench in a one-dimensional translation\ninvariant system produces undamped oscillations of a local observable when the\npost-quench state includes a single-quasiparticle mode and the observable\ncouples to that mode [J. Phys. A 47 (2014) 402001]. Here we consider quenches\nthat break initial translation invariance. Focusing on quenches performed only\non an interval of the whole system, we analytically determine the time\nevolution of local observables, which occurs inside a truncated light cone\nspreading away from the quenched interval as time increases. If the quench\nexcites a single-quasiparticle mode, oscillations with the frequency of the\nquasiparticle mass stay undamped until a time increasing with the length of the\nquenched interval, before eventually decaying as $t^{-1/2}$. The translation\ninvariant case with no damping is recovered as the length of the interval goes\nto infinity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From thermal rectifiers to thermoelectric devices: We discuss thermal rectification and thermoelectric energy conversion from\nthe perspective of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and dynamical systems\ntheory. After preliminary considerations on the dynamical foundations of the\nphenomenological Fourier law in classical and quantum mechanics, we illustrate\nways to control the phononic heat flow and design thermal diodes. Finally, we\nconsider the coupled transport of heat and charge and discuss several general\nmechanisms for optimizing the figure of merit of thermoelectric efficiency.",
        "positive": "Contributions of steady heat conduction to the rate of chemical reaction: We have derived the effect of steady heat flux on the rate of chemical\nreaction based on the line-of-centers model using the explicit velocity\ndistribution function of the steady-state Boltzmann equation for hard-sphere\nmolecules to second order. It is found that the second-order velocity\ndistribution function plays an essential role for the calculation of it. We\nhave also compared our result with those from the steady-state\nBhatnagar-Gross-Krook(BGK) equation and information theory, and found no\nqualitative differences among them."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superdiffusive Heat Transport in a class of Deterministic\n  One-Dimensional Many-Particle Lorentz gases: We study heat transport in a one-dimensional chain of a finite number $N$ of\nidentical cells, coupled at its boundaries to stochastic particle reservoirs.\nAt the center of each cell, tracer particles collide with fixed scatterers,\nexchanging momentum. In a recent paper, \\cite{CE08}, a spatially continuous\nversion of this model was derived in a scaling regime where the scattering\nprobability of the tracers is $\\gamma\\sim1/N$, corresponding to the Grad limit.\nA Boltzmann type equation describing the transport of heat was obtained. In\nthis paper, we show numerically that the Boltzmann description obtained in\n\\cite{CE08} is indeed a bona fide limit of the particle model. Furthermore, we\nalso study the heat transport of the model when the scattering probability is\none, corresponding to deterministic dynamics. At a coarse grained level the\nmodel behaves as a persistent random walker with a broad waiting time\ndistribution and strong correlations associated to the deterministic\nscattering. We show, that, in spite of the absence of global conserved\nquantities, the model leads to a superdiffusive heat transport.",
        "positive": "Oscillatory Shannon Entropy in the Process of Equilibration of\n  Nonequilibrium Systems: We present a study of the equilibration process of nonequilibrium systems by\nmeans of molecular dynamics simulation technique. The nonequilibrium conditions\nare achieved in systems by defining velocity components of the constituent\natoms randomly. The calculated Shannon en- tropy from the probability\ndistribution of the kinetic energy among the atoms at different instants during\nthe process of equilibration shows oscillation as the system relaxes towards\nequilibrium. Fourier transformations of these oscillating Shannon entropies\nreveal the existance of Debye frequency of the concerned system. From these\nstudies it was concluded that the signature of the equilibration process of\ndynamical systems is the time invariance of Shannon entropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analysis of etching at a solid-solid interface: We present a method to derive an analytical expression for the roughness of\nan eroded surface whose dynamics are ruled by cellular automaton. Starting from\nthe automaton, we obtain the time evolution of the height average and height\nvariance (roughness). We apply this method to the etching model in 1 + 1\ndimensions, and then we obtain the roughness exponent. Using this in\nconjunction with the Galilean invariance we obtain the other exponents, which\nperfectly match the numerical results obtained from simulations. These\nexponents are exact, and they are the same as those exhibited by the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) model for this dimension. Therefore, our results\nprovide proof for the conjecture that the etching and KPZ models belong to the\nsame universality class. Moreover, the method is general, and it can be applied\nto other cellular automata models.",
        "positive": "Molecular Traffic Control in Porous Nanoparticles: We investigate the conditions for reactivity enhancement of catalytic\nprocesses in porous solids by use of molecular traffic control (MTC) as a\nfunction of reaction rate and grain size. With dynamic Monte-Carlo simulations\nand continuous-time random walk theory applied to the low concentration regime\nwe obtain a quantitative description of the MTC effect for a network of\nintersecting single-file channels in a wide range of grain parameters and for\noptimal external operating conditions. The efficiency ratio (compared with a\ntopologically and structurally similar reference system without MTC) is\ninversely proportional to the grain diameter. However, for small grains MTC\nleads to a reactivity enhancement of up to approximately 30% of the catalytic\nconversion $A\\to B$ even for short intersecting channels. This suggests that\nMTC may significantly enhance the efficiency of a catalytic process for small\nporous nanoparticles with a suitably chosen binary channel topology."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized-ensemble simulations of spin systems and protein systems: In complex systems such as spin systems and protein systems, conventional\nsimulations in the canonical ensemble will get trapped in states of energy\nlocal minima. We employ the generalized-ensemble algorithms in order to\novercome this multiple-minima problem. Three well-known generalized-ensemble\nalgorithms, namely, multicanonical algorithm, simulated tempering, and\nreplica-exchange method, are described. We then present three new\ngeneralized-ensemble algorithms based on the combinations of the three methods.\nEffectiveness of the new methods are tested with a Potts model and protein\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Transport and integrability-breaking in non-Hermitian many-body quantum\n  systems: Describing open quantum systems in terms of effective non-Hermitian\nHamiltonians gives rise to non-unitary time evolution. In this paper, we study\nthe impact of non-unitary dynamics on the emergent hydrodynamics in quantum\nsystems with a global conservation law. To this end, we demonstrate how\nlinear-response correlation functions can be generalized and interpreted in the\ncase of non-Hermitian systems. Moreover, we show that dynamical quantum\ntypicality provides an efficient numerical approach to evaluate such\ncorrelation functions, even though the non-unitary dynamics leads to subtleties\nthat are absent in the Hermitian case. As a point of reference for our\nanalysis, we consider the Hermitian spin-$1/2$ XXZ chain, whose\nhigh-temperature transport properties have been characterized extensively in\nrecent years. Here, we explore the resulting hydrodynamics for different\nnon-Hermitian perturbations of the XXZ chain. We also discuss the role of\nintegrability by studying the complex energy-level statistics of the\nnon-Hermitian quantum models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of the Wang-Landau algorithm and complexity of rare events for\n  the three-dimensional bimodal Ising spin glass: We investigate the performance of flat-histogram methods based on a\nmulticanonical ensemble and the Wang-Landau algorithm for the three-dimensional\n+/- J spin glass by measuring round-trip times in the energy range between the\nzero-temperature ground state and the state of highest energy. Strong\nsample-to-sample variations are found for fixed system size and the\ndistribution of round-trip times follows a fat-tailed Frechet extremal value\ndistribution. Rare events in the fat tails of these distributions corresponding\nto extremely slowly equilibrating spin glass realizations dominate the\ncalculations of statistical averages. While the typical round-trip time scales\nexponential as expected for this NP-hard problem, we find that the average\nround-trip time is no longer well-defined for systems with N >= 8^3 spins. We\nrelate the round-trip times for multicanonical sampling to intrinsic properties\nof the energy landscape and compare with the numerical effort needed by the\ngenetic Cluster-Exact Approximation to calculate the exact ground state\nenergies. For systems with N >= 8^3 spins the simulation of these rare events\nbecomes increasingly hard. For N >= 14^3 there are samples where the\nWang-Landau algorithm fails to find the true ground state within reasonable\nsimulation times. We expect similar behavior for other algorithms based on\nmulticanonical sampling.",
        "positive": "$\\mathbb{Z}_4$-symmetric perturbations to the XY model from functional\n  renormalization: We employ the second order of the derivative expansion of the nonperturbative\nrenormalization group to study cubic ($\\mathbb{Z}_4$-symmetric) perturbations\nto the classical $XY$ model in dimensionality $d\\in [2,4]$. In $d=3$ we provide\naccurate estimates of the eigenvalue $y_4$ corresponding to the leading\nirrelevant perturbation and follow the evolution of the physical picture upon\nreducing spatial dimensionality from $d=3$ towards $d=2$, where we\napproximately recover the onset of the Kosterlitz-Thouless physics. We analyze\nthe interplay between the leading irrelevant eigenvalues related to\n$O(2)$-symmetric and $\\mathbb{Z}_4$-symmetric perturbations and their\napproximate collapse for $d\\to 2$. We compare and discuss different\nimplementations of the derivative expansion in cases involving one and two\ninvariants of the corresponding symmetry group."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Canonical Distribution Functions in Polymer Dynamics: I. Dilute\n  Solutions of Flexible Polymers: The quasi--equilibrium or maximum entropy approximation is applied in order\nto derive constitutive equations from kinetic models of polymer dynamics. It is\nshown in general and illustrated for an example how canonical distribution\nfunctions are obtained from the maximum entropy principle, how macroscopic and\nconstitutive equations are derived therefrom and how these constitutive\nequations can be implemented numerically. In addition, a measure for the\naccuracy of the quasi--equilibrium approximation is proposed that can be\nevaluated while integrating the constitutive equations. In the example\nconsidered, it is confirmed that the accuracy of the approximation is increased\nby including more macroscopic variables. In steady elongational flow, it is\nfound that more macroscopic variables need to be included above the\ncoil--stretch transition to achieve the same accuracy as below.",
        "positive": "Universal aspects in the behavior of the entanglement spectrum in one\n  dimension: scaling transition at the factorization point and ordered\n  entangled structures: We investigate the scaling of the entanglement spectrum and of the R\\'enyi\nblock entropies and determine its universal aspects in the ground state of\ncritical and noncritical one-dimensional quantum spin models. In all cases, the\nscaling exhibits an oscillatory behavior that terminates at the factorization\npoint and whose frequency is universal. Parity effects in the scaling of the\nR\\'enyi entropies for gapless models at zero field are thus shown to be a\nparticular case of such universal behavior. Likewise, the absence of\noscillations for the Ising chain in transverse field is due to the vanishing\nvalue of the factorizing field for this particular model. In general, the\ntransition occurring at the factorizing field between two different scaling\nregimes of the entanglement spectrum corresponds to a quantum transition to the\nformation of finite-range, ordered structures of quasi-dimers, quasi-trimers,\nand quasi-polymers. This entanglement-driven transition is superimposed to and\nindependent of the long-range magnetic order in the broken symmetry phase.\nTherefore, it conforms to recent generalizations that identify and classify the\nquantum phases of matter according to the structure of ground-state\nentanglement patterns. We characterize this form of quantum order by a global\norder parameter of entanglement defined as the integral, over blocks of all\nlengths, of the R\\'enyi entropy of infinite order. Equivalently, it can be\ndefined as the integral of the bipartite single-copy or geometric entanglement.\nThe global entanglement order parameter remains always finite at fields below\nthe factorization point and vanishes identically above it."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature and density extrapolations in canonical ensemble Monte Carlo\n  simulations: We show how to use the multiple histogram method to combine canonical\nensemble Monte Carlo simulations made at different temperatures and densities.\nThe method can be applied to study systems of particles with arbitrary\ninteraction potential and to compute the thermodynamic properties over a range\nof temperatures and densities. The calculation of the Helmholtz free energy\nrelative to some thermodynamic reference state enables us to study phase\ncoexistence properties. We test the method on the Lennard-Jones fluids for\nwhich many results are available.",
        "positive": "Casimir-Onsager matrix for weakly driven processes: Modeling of physical systems must be based on their suitability to\nunavoidable physical laws. In this work, in the context of classical,\nisothermal, finite-time, and weak drivings, I demonstrate that physical\nsystems, driven simultaneously at the same rate in two or more external\nparameters, must have the Fourier transform of their relaxation functions\ncomposing a positive-definite matrix to satisfy the Second Law of\nThermodynamics. By evaluating them in the limit of near-to-equilibrium\nprocesses, I identify that such coefficients are the Casimir-Onsager ones. The\nresult is verified in paradigmatic models of the overdamped and underdamped\nwhite noise Brownian motions. Finally, an extension to thermally isolated\nsystems is made by using the time-averaged Casimir-Onsager matrix, in which the\nexample of the harmonic oscillator is presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From subdiffusion to superdiffusion of particles on solid surfaces: We present a numerical and partially analytical study of classical particles\nobeying a Langevin equation that describes diffusion on a surface modeled by a\ntwo dimensional potential. The potential may be either periodic or random.\nDepending on the potential and the damping, we observe superdiffusion,\nlarge-step diffusion, diffusion, and subdiffusion. Superdiffusive behavior is\nassociated with low damping and is in most cases transient, albeit often long.\nSubdiffusive behavior is associated with highly damped particles in random\npotentials. In some cases subdiffusive behavior persists over our entire\nsimulation and may be characterized as metastable. In any case, we stress that\nthis rich variety of behaviors emerges naturally from an ordinary Langevin\nequation for a system described by ordinary canonical Maxwell-Boltzmann\nstatistics.",
        "positive": "Universal late-time dynamics in isolated one-dimensional statistical\n  systems with topological excitations: We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of a class of isolated\none-dimensional systems possessing two degenerate ground states, initialized in\na low-energy symmetric phase. We report the emergence of a time-scale\nseparation between fast (radiation) and slow (kink or domain wall) degrees of\nfreedom. We find a universal long-time dynamics, largely independent of the\nmicroscopic details of the system, in which the kinks control the relaxation of\nrelevant observables and correlations. The resulting late-time dynamics can be\ndescribed by a set of phenomenological equations, which yield results in\nexcellent agreement with the numerical tests."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A few bubbles in a glass: I briefly review a recent series of papers putting forward a coarse-grained\ntheoretical approach to the physics of supercooled liquids approaching their\nglass transition. After a suitable coarse-graining, the dynamics of the liquid\nis replaced by that of a mobility field, which can then be analytically\ntreated. The statistical properties of the mobility field then determine those\nof the liquid. Thermodynamic, spatial, topographic, dynamic properties of the\nliquid can then be quantitatively described within a single framework, and\nderive from the existence of an underlying dynamic critical point located at\nzero-temperature, where timescales and lengthscales diverge.",
        "positive": "Ensemble of expanded ensembles: A generalized ensemble approach with\n  enhanced flexibility and parallelizability: Over the past decade, alchemical free energy methods like Hamiltonian replica\nexchange (HREX) and expanded ensemble (EXE) have gained popularity for the\ncomputation of solvation free energies and binding free energies. These methods\nconnect the end states of interest via nonphysical pathways defined by states\nwith different modified Hamiltonians. However, there exist systems where\ntraversing all alchemical intermediate states is challenging, even if\nalchemical biases (e.g., in EXE) or coordinate exchanges (e.g., in HREX) are\napplied. This issue is exacerbated when the state space is multidimensional,\nwhich can require extensive communications between hundreds of cores that\ncurrent parallelization schemes do not fully support.\n  To address this challenge, we present the method of ensemble of expanded\nensembles (EEXE), which integrates the principles of EXE and HREX.\nSpecifically, the EEXE method periodically exchanges coordinates of EXE\nreplicas sampling different ranges of states and allows combining weights\nacross replicas. With the solvation free energy calculation of anthracene, we\nshow that the EEXE method achieves accuracy akin to the EXE and HREX methods in\nfree energy calculations, while offering higher flexibility in parameter\nspecification. Additionally, its parallelizability opens the door to wider\napplications, such as estimating free energy profiles of serial mutations.\nImportantly, extensions to the EEXE approach can be done asynchronously,\nallowing looser communications between larger numbers of loosely coupled\nprocessors, such as when using cloud computing, than methods such as replica\nexchange. They also allow adaptive changes to the parameters of ensembles in\nresponse to data collected. All algorithms for the EEXE method are available in\nthe Python package ensemble_md, which offers an interface for EEXE simulation\nmanagement without modifying the source code in GROMACS."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian motion meets Riemann curvature: The general covariance of the diffusion equation is exploited in order to\nexplore the curvature effects appearing on brownian motion over a d-dimensional\ncurved manifold. We use the local frame defined by the so called Riemann normal\ncoordinates to derive a general formula for the mean-square geodesic distance\n(MSD) at the short-time regime. This formula is written in terms of $O(d)$\ninvariants that depend on the Riemann curvature tensor. We study the\nn-dimensional sphere case to validate these results. We also show that the\ndiffusion for positive constant curvature is slower than the diffusion in a\nplane space, while the diffusion for negative constant curvature turns out to\nbe faster. Finally the two-dimensional case is emphasized, as it is relevant\nfor the single particle diffusion on biomembranes.",
        "positive": "Generalization of the Peierls-Griffiths Theorem for the Ising Model on\n  Graphs: We present a sufficient condition for the presence of spontaneous\nmagnetization for the Ising model on a general graph, related to its long-range\ntopology. Applying this condition we are able to prove the existence of a phase\ntransition at temperature T > 0 on a wide class of general networks. The\npossibility of further extensions of our results is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bose-Einstein condensation in a stiff TOP trap with adjustable geometry: We report on the realisation of a stiff magnetic trap with independently\nadjustable trap frequencies, $\\omega_z$ and $\\omega_r$, in the axial and radial\ndirections respectively. This has been achieved by applying an axial modulation\nto a Time-averaged Orbiting Potential (TOP) trap. The frequency ratio of the\ntrap, $\\omega_z / \\omega_r$, can be decreased continuously from the original\nTOP trap value of 2.83 down to 1.6. We have transferred a Bose-Einstein\ncondensate (BEC) into this trap and obtained very good agreement between its\nobserved anisotropic expansion and the hydrodynamic predictions. Our method can\nbe extended to obtain a spherical trapping potential, which has a geometry of\nparticular theoretical interest.",
        "positive": "Closed-loop approach to thermodynamics: We present the closed loop approach to linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics\nconsidering a generic heat engine dissipatively connected to two temperature\nbaths. The system is usually quite generally characterized by two parameters:\nthe output power $P$ and the conversion efficiency $\\eta$, to which we add a\nthird one, the working frequency $\\omega$. We establish that a detailed\nunderstanding of the effects of the dissipative coupling on the energy\nconversion process, necessitates the knowledge of only two quantities: the\nsystem's feedback factor $\\beta$ and its open-loop gain $A_{0}$, the product of\nwhich, $A_{0}\\beta$, characterizes the interplay between the efficiency, the\noutput power and the operating rate of the system. By placing thermodynamics\nanalysis on a higher level of abstraction, the feedback loop approach provides\na versatile and economical, hence a very efficient, tool for the study of\n\\emph{any} conversion engine operation for which a feedback factor may be\ndefined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-dimensional rocking ratchet for cold atoms: We investigate experimentally a two-dimensional rocking ratchet for cold\natoms, realized by using a driven three-beam dissipative optical lattice. AC\nforces are applied in perpendicular directions by phase-modulating two of the\nlattice beams. As predicted by the general theory [S. Denisov et al., Phys.\nRev. Lett. 100, 224102 (2008)], we observe a rectification phenomenon unique to\nhigh-dimensional rocking ratchets, as determined by two single-harmonic\ndrivings applied in orthogonal directions. Also, by applying two bi-harmonic\nforces in perpendicular directions, we demonstrate the possibility of\ngenerating a current in an arbitrary direction within the optical lattice\nplane.",
        "positive": "Self-organization without conservation: true or just apparent\n  scale-invariance?: The existence of true scale-invariance in slowly driven models of\nself-organized criticality without a conservation law, as forest-fires or\nearthquake automata, is scrutinized in this paper. By using three different\nlevels of description - (i) a simple mean field, (ii) a more detailed\nmean-field description in terms of a (self-organized) branching processes, and\n(iii) a full stochastic representation in terms of a Langevin equation-, it is\nshown on general grounds that non-conserving dynamics does not lead to bona\nfide criticality. Contrarily to conserving systems, a parameter, which we term\n\"re-charging\" rate (e.g. the tree-growth rate in forest-fire models), needs to\nbe fine-tuned in non-conserving systems to obtain criticality. In the infinite\nsize limit, such a fine-tuning of the loading rate is easy to achieve, as it\nemerges by imposing a second separation of time-scales but, for any finite\nsize, a precise tuning is required to achieve criticality and a coherent\nfinite-size scaling picture. Using the approaches above, we shed light on the\ncommon mechanisms by which \"apparent criticality\" is observed in non-conserving\nsystems, and explain in detail (both qualitatively and quantitatively) the\ndifference with respect to true criticality obtained in conserving systems. We\npropose to call this self-organized quasi-criticality (SOqC). Some of the\nreported results are already known and some of them are new. We hope the\nunified framework presented here helps to elucidate the confusing and\ncontradictory literature in this field. In a second accompanying paper, we\nshall discuss the implications of the general results obtained here for models\nof neural avalanches in Neuroscience for which self-organized scale-invariance\nin the absence of conservation has been claimed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Calculating two-point resistances in distance-regular resistor networks: An algorithm for the calculation of the resistance between two arbitrary\nnodes in an arbitrary distance-regular resistor network is provided, where the\ncalculation is based on stratification introduced in \\cite{js} and Stieltjes\ntransform of the spectral distribution (Stieltjes function) associated with the\nnetwork. It is shown that the resistances between a node $\\alpha$ and all nodes\n$\\beta$ belonging to the same stratum with respect to the $\\alpha$\n($R_{\\alpha\\beta^{(i)}}$, $\\beta$ belonging to the $i$-th stratum with respect\nto the $\\alpha$) are the same. Also, the analytical formulas for two-point\nresistances $R_{{\\alpha\\beta^{(i)}}}, i=1,2,3$ are given in terms of the the\nsize of the network and corresponding intersection numbers. In particular, the\ntwo-point resistances in a strongly regular network are given in terms of the\nits parameters ($v,\\kappa,\\lambda,\\mu$). Moreover, the lower and upper bounds\nfor two-point resistances in strongly regular networks are discussed.\n  Keywords:two-point resistance, association scheme, distance-regular networks,\nStieltjes function\n  PACs Index: 01.55.+b, 02.10.Yn",
        "positive": "Dissipating the Langevin equation in the presence of an external\n  stochastic potential: In the Langevin formalism, the delicate balance maintained between the\nfluctuations in the system and their corresponding dissipation may be upset by\nthe presence of a secondary, space-dependent stochastic force, particularly in\nthe low friction regime. In prior work, the latter was dissipated\nself-consistently through an additional uniform (mean-field) friction [Shepherd\nand Hernandez, J. Chem. Phys., 115, 2430-2438 (2001).] An alternative approach\nto ensure that equipartition is satisfied relies on the use of a\nspace-dependent friction while ignoring nonlocal correlations. The approach is\nevaluated with respect to its ability to maintain constant temperature for two\nsimple one-dimensional, stochastic potentials of mean force wherein the\nfriction can be evaluated explicitly when there is no memory in the barriers.\nThe use of a space-dependent friction is capable of providing qualitatively\nsimilar results to those obtained previously, but in extreme cases, deviations\nfrom equipartition may be observed due to the neglect of the memory effects\npresent in the stochastic potentials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nos\u00e9-Hoover and Langevin thermostats do not reproduce the\n  nonequilibrium behavior of long-range Hamiltonians: We compare simulations performed using the Nos\\'e-Hoover and the Langevin\nthermostats with the Hamiltonian dynamics of a long-range interacting system in\ncontact with a reservoir. We find that while the statistical mechanics\nequilibrium properties of the system are recovered by all the different\nmethods, the Nos\\'e-Hoover and the Langevin thermostats fail in reproducing the\nnonequilibrium behavior of such Hamiltonian.",
        "positive": "Observation of optomechanical buckling phase transitions: Correlated phases of matter provide long-term stability for systems as\ndiverse as solids, magnets, and potential exotic quantum materials. Mechanical\nsystems, such as relays and buckling transition spring switches can yield\nsimilar stability by exploiting non-equilibrium phase transitions. Curiously,\nin the optical domain, observations of such phase transitions remain elusive.\nHowever, efforts to integrate optical and mechanical systems -- optomechanics\n-- suggest that a hybrid approach combining the quantum control of optical\nsystems with the engineerability of mechanical systems may provide a new avenue\nfor such explorations. Here we report the first observation of the buckling of\nan optomechanical system, in which transitions between stable mechanical states\ncorresponding to both first- and second-order phase transitions are driven by\nvarying laser power and detuning. Our results enable new applications in\nphotonics and, given rapid progress in pushing optomechanical systems into the\nquantum regime, the potential for explorations of quantum phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagram of semi-hard-core bosons on a square lattice: Phase diagrams of charged semi-hard-core bosons are studied in the mean field\napproximation. An increase in the parameter of local correlations is shown to\nlead to the transformation of the phase diagram of the system from the form\ncharacteristic of hard-core bosons to the limiting form with a parabolic\ndependence of the critical temperature of charge ordering on the boson\nconcentration. The evolution between these limiting cases is dependent on the\nratio between the model parameters and is accompanied by various effects, such\nas the change in the phase transition type, the appearance of new order-order\ntransition, and the appearance of new critical points.",
        "positive": "Mode-Coupling Theory of the Glass Transition: A Primer: Understanding the physics of glass formation remains one of the major\nunsolved challenges of condensed matter science. As a material solidifies into\na glass, it exhibits a spectacular slowdown of the dynamics upon cooling or\ncompression, but at the same time undergoes only minute structural changes.\nAmong the numerous theories put forward to rationalize this complex behavior,\nMode-Coupling Theory (MCT) stands out as the only framework that provides a\nfully first-principles-based description of glass phenomenology. This review\noutlines the key physical ingredients of MCT, its predictions, successes, and\nfailures, as well as recent improvements of the theory. We also discuss the\nextension and application of MCT to the emerging field of non-equilibrium\nactive soft matter"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation relations in simple examples of non-equilibrium steady\n  states: We discuss fluctuation relations in simple cases of non-equilibrium Langevin\ndynamics. In particular, we show that close to non-equilibrium steady states\nwith non-vanishing probability currents some of these relations reduce to a\nmodified version of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The latter may be\ninterpreted as the equilibrium-like relation in the reference frame moving with\nthe mean local velocity determined by the probability current.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo computation of correlation times of independent relaxation\n  modes at criticality: We investigate aspects of universality of Glauber critical dynamics in two\ndimensions. We compute the critical exponent $z$ and numerically corroborate\nits universality for three different models in the static Ising universality\nclass and for five independent relaxation modes. We also present evidence for\nuniversality of amplitude ratios, which shows that, as far as dynamic behavior\nis concerned, each model in a given universality class is characterized by a\nsingle non-universal metric factor which determines the overall time scale.\nThis paper also discusses in detail the variational and projection methods that\nare used to compute relaxation times with high accuracy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Phase Transitions in s=1/2 Ising Chain in a Regularly\n  Alternating Transverse Field: We consider the ground-state properties of the s=1/2 Ising chain in a\ntransverse field which varies regularly along the chain having a period of\nalternation 2. Such a model, similarly to its uniform counterpart, exhibits\nquantum phase transitions. However, the number and the position of the quantum\nphase transition points depend on the strength of transverse field modulation.\nThe behaviour in the vicinity of the critical field in most cases remains the\nsame as for the uniform chain (i.e. belongs to the square-lattice Ising model\nuniversality class). However, a new critical behaviour may also arise. We\nreport the results for critical exponents obtained partially analytically and\npartially numerically for very long chains consisting of a few thousand sites.",
        "positive": "Liquid-liquid transition in a Bose fluid near collapse: Discovering novel emergent behavior in quantum many-body systems is a main\nobjective of contemporary research. In this paper, we explore the effects on\nphases and phase transitions of the proximity to a Ruelle instability. To\naccomplish this, we study by quantum Monte Carlo simulations a two-dimensional\nsystem of finite-ranged attractive potential with soft-core repulsion at short\ndistances, with a parameter $\\eta$ describing the relative strength of the\nattractive versus the repulsive part. If $\\eta$ exceeds a characteristic value\n$\\eta_c$, the thermodynamic limit is lost, as the system becomes unstable\nagainst collapse. We investigate the phase diagram of the model for $\\eta\n\\lesssim \\eta_c$, finding -- in addition to a liquid-vapor transition -- a\nfirst-order transition between two liquid phases. Upon cooling, the\nhigh-density liquid turns superfluid, possibly above the vapor-liquid-liquid\ntriple temperature. As $\\eta$ approaches $\\eta_c$, the stability region of the\nhigh-density liquid is shifted to increasingly higher densities, a behavior at\nvariance with distinguishable quantum or classical particles. Finally, for\n$\\eta$ larger than $\\eta_c$ our simulations yield evidence of collapse of the\nlow-temperature fluid for any density; the collapsed system forms a circular\ncluster whose radius is insensitive to the number of particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lee-Yang zeros in the Rydberg atoms: Lee-Yang (LY) zeros play a fundamental role in the formulation of statistical\nphysics in terms of (grand) partition functions, and assume theoretical\nsignificance for the phenomenon of phase transitions. In this paper, motivated\nby recent progress in cold Rydberg atom experiments, we explore the LY zeros in\nclassical Rydberg blockade models. We find that the distribution of zeros of\npartition functions for these models in one dimension (1d) can be obtained\nanalytically. We prove that all the LY zeros are real and negative for such\nmodels with arbitrary blockade radii. Therefore, no phase transitions happen in\n1d classical Rydberg chains. We investigate how the zeros redistribute as one\ninterpolates between different blockade radii. We also discuss possible\nexperimental measurements of these zeros.",
        "positive": "Maximizing the strength of fiber bundles under uniform loading: The collective strength of a system of fibers, each having a failure\nthreshold drawn randomly from a distribution, indicates the maximum load\ncarrying capacity of different disordered systems ranging from disordered\nsolids, power-grid networks, to traffic in a parallel system of roads. In many\nof the cases where the redistribution of load following a local failure can be\ncontrolled, it is a natural requirement to find the most efficient\nredistribution scheme, i.e., following which system can carry the maximum load.\nWe address the question here and find that the answer depends on the mode of\nloading. We analytically find the maximum strength and corresponding\nredistribution schemes for sudden and quasi static loading. The associated\nphase transition from partial to total failure by increasing the load has been\nstudied. The universality class is found to be dependent on the redistribution\nmechanism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical phenomena in networks: We develop a phenomenological theory of critical phenomena in networks with\nan arbitrary distribution of connections $P(k)$. The theory shows that the\ncritical behavior depends in a crucial way on the form of $P(k)$ and differs\nstrongly from the standard mean-field behavior. The critical behavior observed\nin various networks is analyzed and found to be in agreement with the theory.",
        "positive": "Critical domain walls in the Ashkin-Teller model: We study the fractal properties of interfaces in the 2d Ashkin-Teller model.\nThe fractal dimension of the symmetric interfaces is calculated along the\ncritical line of the model in the interval between the Ising and the\nfour-states Potts models. Using Schramm's formula for crossing probabilities we\nshow that such interfaces can not be related to the simple SLE$_\\kappa$, except\nfor the Ising point. The same calculation on non-symmetric interfaces is\nperformed at the four-states Potts model: the fractal dimension is compatible\nwith the result coming from Schramm's formula, and we expect a simple\nSLE$_\\kappa$ in this case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Casimir effect for films in the 3D Ising universality\n  class: Symmetry breaking boundary conditions: We study the thermodynamic Casimir force for films in the three-dimensional\nIsing universality class with symmetry breaking boundary conditions. To this\nend we simulate the improved Blume-Capel model on the simple cubic lattice. We\nstudy the two cases ++, where all spins at the boundary are fixed to +1 and +-,\nwhere the spins at one boundary are fixed to +1 while those at the other\nboundary are fixed to -1. An important issue in analyzing Monte Carlo and\nexperimental data are corrections to scaling. Since we simulate an improved\nmodel, leading corrections to scaling, which are proportional to L_0^-omega,\nwhere L_0 is the thickness of the film and omega approx 0.8, can be ignored.\nThis allows us to focus on corrections to scaling that are caused by the\nboundary conditions. We confirm the theoretical expectation that these\ncorrections can be accounted for by an effective thickness L_0,eff = L_0 + L_s.\nStudying the correlation length of the films, the energy per area, the\nmagnetization profile and the thermodynamic Casimir force at the bulk critical\npoint we find L_s=1.9(1) for our model and the boundary conditions discussed\nhere. Using this result for L_s we find a nice collapse of the finite size\nscaling curves obtained for the thicknesses L_0=8.5, 16.5 and 32.5 for the full\nrange of temperatures that we consider. We compare our results for the finite\nsize scaling functions theta_++ and theta_+- of the thermodynamic Casimir force\nwith those obtained in a previous Monte Carlo study, by the de Gennes-Fisher\nlocal-functional method, field theoretic methods and an experiment with a\nbinary mixture.",
        "positive": "Anomalous diffusion of driven particles in supercooled liquids: We have performed non-equilibrium dynamics simulations of a binary\nLennard-Jones mixture in which an external force is applied on a single tagged\nparticle. For the diffusive properties of this particle parallel to the force\nsuperdiffusive behavior at intermediate times as well as giant long-time\ndiffusivity is observed. A quantitative description of this non-trivial\nbehavior is given by a continuous time random walk analysis of the system in\nconfiguration space. We further demonstrate, that the same physical properties\nwhich are responsible for the superdiffusivity in non-equilibrium systems also\ndetermine the non-Gaussian parameter in equilibrium systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cubic fixed point in three dimensions: Monte Carlo simulations of the\n  $\u03c6^4$ model on the lattice: We study the cubic fixed point for $N=3$ and $4$ by using finite size scaling\napplied to data obtained from Monte Carlo simulations of the $N$-component\n$\\phi^4$ model on the simple cubic lattice. We generalize the idea of improved\nmodels to a two-parameter family of models. The two-parameter space is scanned\nfor the point, where the amplitudes of the two leading corrections to scaling\nvanish. To this end, a dimensionless quantity is introduced that monitors the\nbreaking of the $O(N)$-invariance. For $N=4$, we determine the correction\nexponents $\\omega_1=0.763(24)$ and $\\omega_2=0.082(5)$. In the case of $N=3$,\nwe obtain $Y_4=0.0142(6)$ for the RG-exponent of the cubic perturbation at the\n$O(3)$-invariant fixed point, while the correction exponent\n$\\omega_2=0.0133(8)$ at the cubic fixed point. Simulations close to the\nimproved point result in the estimates $\\nu=0.7202(7)$ and $\\eta=0.0371(2)$ of\nthe critical exponents of the cubic fixed point for $N=4$. For $N=3$, at the\ncubic fixed point, the $O(3)$-symmetry is only mildly broken and the critical\nexponents differ only by little from those of the $O(3)$-invariant fixed point.\nWe find $-0.00001 \\lessapprox \\eta_{cubic}- \\eta_{O(3)} \\lessapprox 0.00007$\nand $\\nu_{cubic}-\\nu_{O(3)} =-0.00061(10)$.",
        "positive": "Kinetics of a mixed Ising ferrimagnetic system: We present a study, within a mean-field approach, of the kinetics of a\nclassical mixed Ising ferrimagnetic model on a square lattice, in which the two\ninterpenetrating square sublattices have spins $\\sigma = \\pm1/2$ and $S = \\pm\n1,0$. The kinetics is described by a Glauber-type stochastic dynamics in the\npresence of a time-dependent oscillating external field and a crystal field\ninteraction. We can identify two types of solutions: a symmetric one, where the\ntotal magnetization, $M$, oscillates around zero, and an antisymmetric one\nwhere $M$ oscillates around a finite value different from zero. There are\nregions of the phase space where both solutions coexist. The dynamical\ntransition from one regime to the other can be of first or second order\ndepending on the region in the phase diagram. Depending on the value of the\ncrystal field we found up to two dynamical tricritical points where the\ntransition changes from continuous to discontinuous. Also, we perform a similar\nstudy on the Blume-Capel ($S=\\pm 1,0$) model and found strong differences\nbetween its behavior and the one of the mixed model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarsening with non-trivial in-domain dynamics: correlations and\n  interface fluctuations: Using numerical simulations we investigate the space-time properties of a\nsystem in which spirals emerge within coarsening domains, thus giving rise to\nnon-trivial internal dynamics. Initially proposed in the context of population\ndynamics, the studied six-species model exhibits growing domains composed of\nthree species in a rock-paper-scissors relationship. Through the investigation\nof different quantities, such as space-time correlations and the derived\ncharacteristic length, autocorrelation, density of empty sites, and interface\nwidth, we demonstrate that the non-trivial dynamics inside the domains affects\nthe coarsening process as well as the properties of the interfaces separating\ndifferent domains. Domain growth, aging, and interface fluctuations are shown\nto be governed by exponents whose values differ from those expected in systems\nwith curvature driven coarsening.",
        "positive": "Effects of boundary conditions on the critical spanning probability: The fractions of samples spanning a lattice at its percolation threshold are\nfound by computer simulation of random site-percolation in two- and\nthree-dimensional hypercubic lattices using different boundary conditions. As a\nbyproduct we find $p_c = 0.311605(5)$ in the cubic lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum dynamics with an ensemble of Hamiltonians: We review recent progress in the nonequilibrium dynamics of thermally\nisolated many-body quantum systems, evolving with an ensemble of Hamiltonians\nas opposed to deterministic evolution with a single time-dependent Hamiltonian.\nSuch questions arise in (i) quantum dynamics of disordered systems, where\ndifferent realizations of disorder give rise to an ensemble of real-time\nquantum evolutions. (ii) quantum evolution with noisy Hamiltonians (temporal\ndisorder), which leads to stochastic Schrodinger equations, and, (iii) in the\nbroader context of quantum optimal control, where one needs to analyze an\nensemble of permissible protocols in order to find one that optimizes a given\nfigure of merit. The theme of ensemble quantum evolution appears in several\nemerging new directions in noneqilibrium quantum dynamics of thermally isolated\nmany-body systems, which include many-body localization, noise-driven systems,\nand shortcuts to adiabaticity.",
        "positive": "Density of states of the $XY$ model: an energy landscape approach: Among the stationary configurations of the Hamiltonian of a classical O$(n)$\nlattice spin model, a class can be identified which is in one-to-one\ncorrespondence with all the the configurations of an Ising model defined on the\nsame lattice and with the same interactions. Starting from this observation it\nhas been recently proposed that the microcanonical density of states of an\nO$(n)$ model could be written in terms of the density of states of the\ncorresponding Ising model. Later, it has been shown that a relation of this\nkind holds exactly for two solvable models, the mean-field and the\none-dimensional $XY$ model, respectively. We apply the same strategy to derive\nexplicit, albeit approximate, expressions for the density of states of the\ntwo-dimensional $XY$ model with nearest-neighbor interactions on a square\nlattice. The caloric curve and the specific heat as a function of the energy\ndensity are calculated and compared against simulation data, yielding a very\ngood agreement over the entire energy density range. The concepts and methods\ninvolved in the approximations presented here are valid in principle for any\nO$(n)$ model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergent Glassy Dynamics in a Quantum Dimer Model: We consider the quench dynamics of a two-dimensional quantum dimer model and\ndetermine the role of its kinematic constraints. We interpret the\nnon-equilibrium dynamics in terms of the underlying equilibrium phase\ntransitions consisting of a BKT-transition between a columnar ordered valence\nbond solid (VBS) and a valence bond liquid (VBL), as well as a first order\ntransition between a staggered VBS and the VBL. We find that quenches from a\ncolumnar VBS are ergodic and both order parameters and spatial correlations\nquickly relax to their thermal equilibrium. By contrast, the staggered side of\nthe first order transition does not display thermalization on numerically\naccessible timescales. Based on the model's kinematic constraints, we uncover a\nmechanism of relaxation that rests on emergent, highly detuned multi-defect\nprocesses in a staggered background, which gives rise to slow, glassy dynamics\nat low temperatures even in the thermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "A continuous time random walk model of transport in variably saturated\n  heterogeneous porous media: We propose a unified physical framework for transport in variably saturated\nporous media. This approach allows fluid flow and solute migration to be\ntreated as ensemble averages of fluid and solute particles, respectively. We\nconsider the cases of homogeneous and heterogeneous porous materials. Within a\nfractal mobile-immobile (MIM) continuous time random walk framework, the\nheterogeneity will be characterized by algebraically decaying particle\nretention-times. We derive the corresponding (nonlinear) continuum limit\npartial differential equations and we compare their solutions to Monte Carlo\nsimulation results. The proposed methodology is fairly general and can be used\nto track fluid and solutes particles trajectories, for a variety of initial and\nboundary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the role of geometry in statistical mechanics and thermodynamics I:\n  Geometric perspective: This paper contains a fully geometric formulation of the General Equation for\nNon-Equilibrium Reversible-Irreversible Coupling (GENERIC). Although GENERIC,\nwhich is the sum of Hamiltonian mechanics and gradient dynamics, is a framework\nunifying a vast range of models in non-equilibrium thermodynamics, it has\nunclear geometric structure, due to the diverse geometric origins of\nHamiltonian mechanics and gradient dynamics. The difference can be overcome by\ncotangent lifts of the dynamics, which leads, for instance, to a Hamiltonian\nform of gradient dynamics. Moreover, the lifted vector fields can be split into\ntheir holonomic and vertical representatives, which provides a geometric method\nof dynamic reduction. The lifted dynamics can be also given physical meaning,\nhere called the rate-GENERIC. Finally, the lifts can be formulated within\ncontact geometry, where the second law of thermodynamics is explicitly\ncontained within the evolution equations.",
        "positive": "Superstatistics: Recent developments and applications: We review some recent developments which make use of the concept of\n`superstatistics', an effective description for nonequilibrium systems with a\nvarying intensive parameter such as the inverse temperature. We describe how\nthe asymptotic decay of stationary probability densities can be determined\nusing a variational principle, and present some new results on the typical\nbehaviour of correlation functions in dynamical superstatistical models. We\nbriefly describe some recent applications of the superstatistics concept in\nhydrodynamics, astrophysics, and finance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A threshold induced phase transition in the kinetic exchange models: We study an ideal-gas-like model where the particles exchange energy\nstochastically, through energy conserving scattering processes, which take\nplace if and only if at least one of the two particles has energy below a\ncertain energy threshold (interactions are initiated by such low energy\nparticles). This model has an intriguing phase transition in the sense that\nthere is a critical value of the energy threshold, below which the number of\nparticles in the steady state goes to zero, and above which the average number\nof particles in the steady state is non-zero. This phase transition is\nassociated with standard features like \"critical slowing down\" and non-trivial\nvalues of some critical exponents characterizing the variation of thermodynamic\nquantities near the threshold energy. The features are exhibited not only in\nthe mean field version but also in the lattice versions.",
        "positive": "Justification of Power-Law Canonical Distributions Based on Generalized\n  Central Limit Theorem: A self-consistent thermodynamic framework is presented for power-law\ncanonical distributions based on the generalized central limit theorem by\nextending the discussion given by Khinchin for deriving Gibbsian canonical\nensemble theory. The thermodynamic Legendre transform structure is invoked in\nestablishing its connection to nonextensive statistical mechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Frenkel Line: a direct experimental evidence for the new\n  thermodynamic boundary: Supercritical fluids play a significant role in elucidating fundamental\naspects of liquid matter under extreme conditions. They have been extensively\nstudied at pressures and temperatures relevant to various industrial\napplications. However, much less is known about the structural behaviour of\nsupercritical fluids and no structural crossovers have been observed in static\ncompression experiments in any temperature and pressure ranges beyond the\ncritical point. The structure of supercritical state is currently perceived to\nbe uniform everywhere on the pressure-temperature phase diagram, and to change\nonly in a monotonic way even moving around the critical point, not only along\nisotherms or isobars. Conversely, we observe structural crossovers for the\nfirst time in a deeply supercritical sample through diffraction measurements in\na diamond anvil cell and discover a new thermodynamic boundary on the\npressure-temperature diagram. We explain the existence of these crossovers in\nthe framework of the phonon theory of liquids using molecular dynamics\nsimulations. The obtained results are of prime importance since it implies a\nglobal reconsideration of the mere essence of the supercritical phase.\nFurthermore, this discovery may pave the way to new unexpected applications and\nto the exploration of exotic behaviour of confined fluids relevant to geo- and\nplanetary sciences.",
        "positive": "Finite-size scaling for discontinuous nonequilibrium phase transitions: A finite size scaling theory, originally developed only for transitions to\nabsorbing states [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 92}, 062126 (2015)], is extended to\ndistinct sorts of discontinuous nonequilibrium phase transitions. Expressions\nfor quantities such as, response functions, reduced cumulants and equal area\nprobability distributions, are derived from phenomenological arguments.\nIrrespective of system details, all these quantities scale with the volume,\nestablishing the dependence on size. The approach generality is illustrated\nthrough the analysis of different models. The present results are a relevant\nstep in trying to unify the scaling behavior description of nonequilibrium\ntransition processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical phase transition in drifted Brownian motion: We study the occupation fluctuations of drifted Brownian motion in a closed\ninterval, and show that they undergo a dynamical phase transition in the\nlong-time limit without an additional low-noise limit. This phase transition is\nsimilar to wetting and depinning transitions, and arises here as a switching\nbetween paths of the random motion leading to different occupations. For low\noccupations, the motion essentially stays in the interval for some fraction of\ntime before escaping, while for high occupations the motion is confined in an\nergodic way in the interval. This is confirmed by studying a confined version\nof the model, which points to a further link between the dynamical phase\ntransition and quantum phase transitions. Other variations of the model,\nincluding the geometric Brownian motion used in finance, are considered to\ndiscuss the role of recurrent and transient motion in dynamical phase\ntransitions.",
        "positive": "Critical behavior of the exclusive queueing process: The exclusive queueing process (EQP) is a generalization of the classical\nM/M/1 queue. It is equivalent to a totally asymmetric exclusion process (TASEP)\nof varying length. Here we consider two discrete-time versions of the EQP with\nparallel and backward-sequential update rules. The phase diagram (with respect\nto the arrival probability \\alpha\\ and the service probability \\beta) is\ndivided into two phases corresponding to divergence and convergence of the\nsystem length. We investigate the behavior on the critical line separating\nthese phases. For both update rules, we find diffusive behavior for small\noutput probability (\\beta<\\beta_c). However, for \\beta>\\beta_c it becomes\nsub-diffusive and nonuniversal: the exponents characterizing the divergence of\nthe system length and the number of customers are found to depend on the update\nrule. For the backward-update case, they also depend on the hopping parameter\np, and remain finite when p is large, indicating a first order transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological Effects caused by the Fractal Substrate on the\n  Nonequilibrium Critical Behavior of the Ising Magnet: The nonequilibrium critical dynamics of the Ising magnet on a fractal\nsubstrate, namely the Sierpinski carpet with Hausdorff dimension $d_H$ =1.7925,\nhas been studied within the short-time regime by means of Monte Carlo\nsimulations. The evolution of the physical observables was followed at\ncriticality, after both annealing ordered spin configurations (ground state)\nand quenching disordered initial configurations (high temperature state), for\nthree segmentation steps of the fractal. The topological effects become evident\nfrom the emergence of a logarithmic periodic oscillation superimposed to a\npower law in the decay of the magnetization and its logarithmic derivative and\nalso from the dependence of the critical exponents on the segmentation step.\nThese oscillations are discussed in the framework of the discrete scale\ninvariance of the substrate and carefully characterized in order to determine\nthe critical temperature of the second-order phase transition and the critical\nexponents corresponding to the short-time regime. The exponent $\\theta $ of the\ninitial increase in the magnetization was also obtained and the results suggest\nthat it would be almost independent of the fractal dimension of the susbstrate,\nprovided that $d_H$ is close enough to d=2.",
        "positive": "Quantum transitions of the XY model with long-range interactions on the\n  inhomogenous periodic chain: The isotropic XY model $(s=1/2)$ in a transverse field, with uniform\nlong-range interactions among the transverse components of the spins, on the\ninhomogeneous periodic chain, is studied. The model, composed of $N$ segments\nwith $n$ different exchange interactions and magnetic moments, is exactly\nsolved by introducing the integral gaussian transformation and the generalized\nJordan-Wigner transformation, which reduce the problem to the diagonalization\nof a finite matrix of $n$th order. The quantum transitions induced by the\ntransverse field are determined by analyzing the induced magnetization of the\ncell and the equation of state. The phase diagrams for the quantum transitions,\nin the space generated by the transverse field and the interaction parameters,\nare presented. As expected, the model presents multiple, first- and\nsecond-order quantum transitions induced by the transverse field, and it\ncorresponds to an extension of the models recently considered by the authors.\nDetailed results are also presented, at T=0, for the induced magnetization and\nisothermal susceptibility $\\chi_{T}^{zz}$ as function of the transverse field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Approximating nonequilibrium processes using a collection of surrogate\n  diffusion models: The surrogate process approximation (SPA) is applied to model the\nnonequilibrium dynamics of a reaction coordinate (RC) associated with the\nunfolding and refolding processes of a deca-alanine peptide at 300 K. The RC\ndynamics, which correspond to the evolution of the end-to-end distance of the\npolypeptide, are produced by steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations and\napproximated using overdamped diffusion models. We show that the collection of\n(estimated) SPA models contain structural information \"orthogonal\" to the RC\nmonitored in this study. Functional data analysis ideas are used to correlate\nfunctions associated with the fitted SPA models with the work done on the\nsystem in SMD simulations. It is demonstrated that the shape of the\nnonequilibrium work distributions for the unfolding and refolding processes of\ndeca-alanine can be predicted with functional data analysis ideas using a\nrelatively small number of simulated SMD paths for calibrating the SPA\ndiffusion models.",
        "positive": "Aperiodic Extended Surface Perturbations in the Ising Model: We study the influence of an aperiodic extended surface perturbation on the\nsurface critical behaviour of the two-dimensional Ising model in the extreme\nanisotropic limit. The perturbation decays as a power of the distance from the\nfree surface with an oscillating amplitude following some aperiodic sequence.\nThe asymptotic density is 1/2 so that the mean ampltitude vanishes. The\nrelevance of the perturbation is discussed by combining scaling arguments of\nCordery and Burkhardt for the Hilhorst-van Leeuwen model and Luck for aperiodic\nperturbations. The relevance-irrelevance criterion involves the decay exponent\nof the perturbation, the wandering exponent which governs the fluctuation of\nthe sequence and the bulk correlation length exponent. Analytical results are\nobtained for the surface magnetization which displays a rich variety of\ncritical behaviours. The results are checked through a numerical\nfinite-size-scaling study. They show that second-order effects must be taken\ninto account in the discussion of the relevance-irrelevance criterion. The\nscaling behaviours of the first gap and the surface energy are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An Introduction To Langer's Theory: This note provides a pedagogical introduction to Langer's theory for\nactivated rate processes in multiple dimensions at the high friction limit,\nwith an emphasis on the connection between the theory and the property of the\nbackward committor/splitting probability near the saddle point. The intended\naudience is assumed to have some familiarity with linear algebra and\nstatistical mechanics while knowledge of stochastic processes is not strictly\nnecessary.",
        "positive": "Re-examining the directional-ordering transition in the compass model\n  with screw-periodic boundary conditions: We study the directional-ordering transition in the two-dimensional classical\nand quantum compass models on the square lattice by means of Monte Carlo\nsimulations. An improved algorithm is presented which builds on the Wolff\ncluster algorithm in one-dimensional subspaces of the configuration space. This\nimprovement allows us to study classical systems up to $L=512$. Based on the\nnew algorithm we give evidence for the presence of strongly anomalous scaling\nfor periodic boundary conditions which is much worse than anticipated before.\nWe propose and study alternative boundary conditions for the compass model\nwhich do not make use of extended configuration spaces and show that they\ncompletely remove the problem with finite-size scaling. In the last part, we\napply these boundary conditions to the quantum problem and present a\nconsiderably improved estimate for the critical temperature which should be of\ninterest for future studies on the compass model. Our investigation identifies\na strong one-dimensional magnetic ordering tendency with a large correlation\nlength as the cause of the unusual scaling and moreover allows for a precise\nquantification of the anomalous length scale involved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Decoherence of Coupled Quantum Oscillators: Going Beyond the\n  Caldeira-Leggett Approximation: We calculate the reduced density matrix for a system of coupled harmonic\noscillators in a bosonic heat bath using the Born-Markov approximation and show\nthat the expectation values of position and momentum evolve like classical\nquantities. We consider the cases where every oscillator is coupled to its own\nreservoir and where all oscillators are coupled to the same heat bath, pointing\nout the differences between these two models. In particular, for systems\ncoupled to a common reservoir, we present an uncommon dissipation mechanism,\nwhich disappears, when the dynamics of the system are gouverned by the low\nfrequency modes of the environment (Caldeira-Leggett limit). We also address\nthe interesting phenomenon of reservoir-induced interactions.",
        "positive": "Coupled Potts models: Self-duality and fixed point structure: We consider q-state Potts models coupled by their energy operators.\nRestricting our study to self-dual couplings, numerical simulations demonstrate\nthe existence of non-trivial fixed points for 2 <= q <= 4. These fixed points\nwere first predicted by perturbative renormalisation group calculations.\nAccurate values for the central charge and the multiscaling exponents of the\nspin and energy operators are calculated using a series of novel transfer\nmatrix algorithms employing clusters and loops. These results compare well with\nthose of the perturbative expansion, in the range of parameter values where the\nlatter is valid. The criticality of the fixed-point models is independently\nverified by examining higher eigenvalues in the even sector, and by\ndemonstrating the existence of scaling laws from Monte Carlo simulations. This\nmight be a first step towards the identification of the conformal field\ntheories describing the critical behaviour of this class of models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal emission intermittency in quantum dots, nanorods, and\n  nanowires: Virtually all known fluorophores, including semiconductor nanoparticles,\nnanorods and nanowires exhibit unexplainable episodes of intermittent emission\nblinking. A most remarkable feature of the fluorescence intermittency is a\nuniversal power law distribution of on- and off-times. For nanoparticles the\nresulting power law extends over an extraordinarily wide dynamic range: nine\norders of magnitude in probability density and five to six orders of magnitude\nin time. The exponents hover about the ubiquitous value of -3/2. Dark states\nroutinely last for tens of seconds, which are practically forever on quantum\nmechanical time scales. Despite such infinite states of darkness, the dots\nmiraculously recover and start emitting again. Although the underlying\nmechanism responsible for this phenomenon remains an enduring mystery and many\nquestions remain, we argue that substantial theoretical progress has been made.",
        "positive": "Quantum criticality from Ising model on fractal lattices: We study the quantum Ising model on the Sierpi\\'{n}ski triangle, whose\nHausdorff dimension is $\\log 3/ \\log 2 \\approx 1.585$, and demonstrate that it\nundergoes second-order phase transition with scaling relations satisfied\nprecisely. We also study the quantum $3$-state Potts model on the\nSierpi\\'{n}ski triangle and find first-order phase transition, which is\nconsistent with a prediction from $\\epsilon$-expansion that the transition\nbecomes first-order for $D > 1.3$. We then compute critical exponents of the\nIsing model on higher-dimensional Sierpi\\'{n}ski pyramids with various\nHausdorff dimension via Monte-Carlo simulations and real-space RG analysis for\n$D\\in[1,3]$. We find that only the correlation length exponent $\\nu$\ninterpolates the values of integer-dimensional models. This implies that,\ncontrary to a generally held belief, the universality class of quantum phase\ntransition may not be uniquely determined by symmetry and spatial dimension of\nthe system. This work initiates studies on quantum critical phenomena on graphs\nand networks which may be of significant importance in the context of quantum\nnetworks and communication."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Formation of quantized vortices in a gaseous Bose-Einstein condensate: Using a focused laser beam we stir a Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a\nmagnetic trap. When the stirring frequency lies near the transverse quadrupolar\nmode resonance we observe the nucleation of vortices. When several vortices are\nnucleated, they arrange themselves in regular Abrikosov arrays, and in the\nlimit of large quantum number the lattice structure is shown to produce a\nquantum velocity field approaching that for classical, rigid body rotation.\nUsing a percussive excitation of the condensate, we measure the angular\nmomentum of the condensate with vortices present and study the nucleation band\nas a function of the stirring intensity and geometry. We find that with only\nquadratic terms in the rotating perturbation the nucleation band is located\naround the quadrupolar resonance and has a width that increases with the\nstrength of the stirring perturbation. However, when the potential includes\ncubic terms, the nucleation band broadens to include the hexapolar resonance as\nwell. The results presented here demonstrate that the nucleation of vortices in\nthe case of a harmonically trapped BEC is driven by the resonant excitation of\nthe rotating quadrupolar mode, or by higher order rotating surface modes when\nthe rotating perturbation includes the corresponding terms.",
        "positive": "A Biased Resistor Network Model for Electromigration Failure and Related\n  Phenomena in Metallic Lines: Electromigration phenomena in metallic lines are studied by using a biased\nresistor network model. The void formation induced by the electron wind is\nsimulated by a stochastic process of resistor breaking, while the growth of\nmechanical stress inside the line is described by an antagonist process of\nrecovery of the broken resistors. The model accounts for the existence of\ntemperature gradients due to current crowding and Joule heating. Alloying\neffects are also accounted for. Monte Carlo simulations allow the study within\na unified theoretical framework of a variety of relevant features related to\nthe electromigration. The predictions of the model are in excellent agreement\nwith the experiments and in particular with the degradation towards electrical\nbreakdown of stressed Al-Cu thin metallic lines. Detailed investigations refer\nto the damage pattern, the distribution of the times to failure (TTFs), the\ngeneralized Black's law, the time evolution of the resistance, including the\nearly-stage change due to alloying effects and the electromigration saturation\nappearing at low current densities or for short line lengths. The dependence of\nthe TTFs on the length and width of the metallic line is also well reproduced.\nFinally, the model successfully describes the resistance noise properties under\nsteady state conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relationship between nonlinearities and thermalization in classical open\n  systems: The role of the interaction range: We discuss results on the dynamics of thermalization for a model with\nGaussian interactions between two classical many-body systems trapped in\nexternal harmonic potentials. Previous work showed an approximate, power-law\nscaling of the interaction energy with the number of particles, with particular\nfocus on the dependence of the anomalous exponent on the interaction strength.\nHere we explore the role of the interaction range in determining anomalous\nexponents, showing that it is a more relevant parameter to differentiate\ndistinct regimes of responses of the system. More specifically, on varying the\ninteraction range from its largest values while keeping the interaction\nstrength constant, we observe a crossover from an integrable system,\napproximating the Caldeira-Leggett interaction term in the long range limit, to\nan intermediate interaction range in which the system manifests anomalous\nscaling, and finally to a regime of local interactions in which anomalous\nscaling disappears. A Fourier analysis of the interaction energy shows that\nnonlinearities give rise to an effective bath with a broad band of frequencies,\neven when starting with only two distinct trapping frequencies, yielding\nefficient thermalization in the intermediate regime of interaction range. We\nprovide qualitative arguments, based on an analogous Fourier analysis of the\nstandard map, supporting the view that anomalous scaling and features of the\nFourier spectrum may be used as proxies to identify the role of chaotic\ndynamics. Our work, that encompasses models developed in different contexts and\nunifies them in a common framework, may be relevant to the general\nunderstanding of the role of nonlinearities in a variety of many-body classical\nsystems, ranging from plasmas to trapped atoms and ions.",
        "positive": "Free energy inference from partial work measurements in small systems: Fluctuation relations (FRs) are among the few existing general results in\nnon-equilibrium systems. Their verification requires the measurement of the\ntotal work (or entropy production) performed on a system. Nevertheless in many\ncases only a partial measurement of the work is possible. Here we consider FRs\nin dual-trap optical tweezers where two different forces (one per trap) are\nmeasured. With this setup we perform pulling experiments on single molecules by\nmoving one trap relative to the other. We demonstrate that work should be\nmeasured using the force exerted by the trap that is moved. The force that is\nmeasured in the trap at rest fails to provide the full dissipation in the\nsystem leading to a (incorrect) work definition that does not satisfy the FR.\nThe implications to single-molecule experiments and free energy measurements\nare discussed. In the case of symmetric setups a new work definition, based on\ndifferential force measurements, is introduced. This definition is best suited\nto measure free energies as it shows faster convergence of estimators. We\ndiscuss measurements using the (incorrect) work definition as an example of\npartial work measurement. We show how to infer the full work distribution from\nthe partial one via the FR. The inference process does also yield quantitative\ninformation, e.g. the hydrodynamic drag on the dumbbell. Results are also\nobtained for asymmetric dual-trap setups. We suggest that this kind of\ninference could represent a new and general application of FRs to extract\ninformation about irreversible processes in small systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Parallels between the dynamics at the noise-perturbed onset of chaos in\n  logistic maps and the dynamics of glass formation: We develop the characterization of the dynamics at the noise-perturbed edge\nof chaos in logistic maps in terms of the quantities normally used to describe\nglassy properties in structural glass formers. Following the recognition [Phys.\nLett. \\textbf{A 328}, 467 (2004)] that the dynamics at this critical attractor\nexhibits analogies with that observed in thermal systems close to\nvitrification, we determine the modifications that take place with decreasing\nnoise amplitude in ensemble and time averaged correlations and in diffusivity.\nWe corroborate explicitly the occurrence of two-step relaxation, aging with its\ncharacteristic scaling property, and subdiffusion and arrest for this system.\nWe also discuss features that appear to be specific of the map.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation-dissipation supersymmetry: Open systems may be perturbed out of equilibrium states either by subjecting\nthem to nonconservative forces or by injecting external currents. For small\nperturbations, the linear response is quantified by two different matrices. In\nthe framework of network thermodynamics, under very broad assumptions, we show\nthat the two matrices are connected by a supersymmetry, predicting that they\nhave the same spectrum - up to the degeneracy of the ground state. Our approach\nbrings into the mathematics of supersymmetry a new ingredient, namely oblique\nprojection operators."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical scaling in branching models for seismicity: We propose a branching process based on a dynamical scaling hypothesis\nrelating time and mass. In the context of earthquake occurrence, we show that\nexperimental power laws in size and time distribution naturally originate\nsolely from this scaling hypothesis. We present a numerical protocol able to\ngenerate a synthetic catalog with an arbitrary large number of events. The\nnumerical data reproduce the hierarchical organization in time and magnitude of\nexperimental inter-event time distribution.",
        "positive": "Modulated phases in magnetic models frustrated by long-range\n  interactions: We study an Ising model in one dimension with short range ferromagnetic and\nlong range (power law) antiferromagnetic interactions. We show that the zero\ntemperature phase diagram in a (longitudinal) field H involves a sequence of up\nand down domains whose size varies continuously with H, between -H_c and H_c\nwhich represent the edge of the ferromagnetic up and down phases. The\nimplications of long range interaction in many body systems are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Information Geometry of the Ising Model on Planar Random Graphs: It has been suggested that an information geometric view of statistical\nmechanics in which a metric is introduced onto the space of parameters provides\nan interesting alternative characterisation of the phase structure,\nparticularly in the case where there are two such parameters -- such as the\nIsing model with inverse temperature $\\beta$ and external field $h$.\n  In various two parameter calculable models the scalar curvature ${\\cal R}$ of\nthe information metric has been found to diverge at the phase transition point\n$\\beta_c$ and a plausible scaling relation postulated: ${\\cal R} \\sim |\\beta-\n\\beta_c|^{\\alpha - 2}$. For spin models the necessity of calculating in\nnon-zero field has limited analytic consideration to 1D, mean-field and Bethe\nlattice Ising models. In this letter we use the solution in field of the Ising\nmodel on an ensemble of planar random graphs (where $\\alpha=-1, \\beta=1/2,\n\\gamma=2$) to evaluate the scaling behaviour of the scalar curvature, and find\n${\\cal R} \\sim | \\beta- \\beta_c |^{-2}$. The apparent discrepancy is traced\nback to the effect of a negative $\\alpha$.",
        "positive": "Expectation Values in the Lieb-Liniger Bose Gas: Taking advantage of an exact mapping between a relativistic integrable model\nand the Lieb-Liniger model we present a novel method to compute expectation\nvalues in the Lieb-Liniger Bose gas both at zero and finite temperature. These\nquantities, relevant in the physics of one-dimensional ultracold Bose gases,\nare expressed by a series that has a remarkable behavior of convergence. Among\nother results, we show the computation of the three-body expectation value at\nfinite temperature, a quantity that rules the recombination rate of the Bose\ngas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement of inhomogeneous free fermions on hyperplane lattices: We introduce an inhomogeneous model of free fermions on a $(D-1)$-dimensional\nlattice with $D(D-1)/2$ continuous parameters that control the hopping strength\nbetween adjacent sites. We solve this model exactly, and find that the\neigenfunctions are given by multidimensional generalizations of Krawtchouk\npolynomials. We construct a Heun operator that commutes with the chopped\ncorrelation matrix, and compute the entanglement entropy numerically for\n$D=2,3,4$, for a wide range of parameters. For $D=2$, we observe oscillations\nin the sub-leading contribution to the entanglement entropy, for which we\nconjecture an exact expression. For $D>2$, we find logarithmic violations of\nthe area law for the entanglement entropy with nontrivial dependence on the\nparameters.",
        "positive": "Velocity correlations and the structure of nonequilibrium hard core\n  fluids: A model for the pair distribution function of nonequilibrium hard-core fluids\nis proposed based on a model for the effect of velocity correlations on the\nstructure. Good agreement is found with molecular dynamics simulations of\ngranular fluids and of sheared elastic hard spheres. It is argued that the\nincorporation of velocity correlations are crucial to correctly modeling atomic\nscale structure in nonequilibrium fluids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Small-world hypergraphs on a bond-disordered Bethe lattice: We study the thermodynamic properties of spin systems with bond-disorder on\nsmall-world hypergraphs, obtained by superimposing a one-dimensional Ising\nchain onto a random Bethe graph with p-spin interactions. Using transfer-matrix\ntechniques, we derive fixed-point equations describing the relevant order\nparameters and the free energy, both in the replica symmetric and one step\nreplica symmetry breaking approximation. We determine the static and dynamic\nferromagnetic transition and the spinglass transition within replica symmetry\nfor all temperatures, and demonstrate corrections to these results when one\nstep replica symmetry breaking is taken into account. The results obtained are\nin agreement with Monte-Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Velocity-dependent Lyapunov exponents in many-body quantum,\n  semi-classical, and classical chaos: The exponential growth or decay with time of the out-of-time-order commutator\n(OTOC) is one widely used diagnostic of many-body chaos in spatially-extended\nsystems. In studies of many-body classical chaos, it has been noted that one\ncan define a velocity-dependent Lyapunov exponent, $\\lambda({\\bf v})$, which is\nthe growth or decay rate along \"rays\" at that velocity. We examine the behavior\nof $\\lambda({\\bf v})$ for a variety of many-body systems, both chaotic and\nintegrable. The so-called light cone for the spreading of operators is defined\nby $\\lambda({\\bf \\hat n}v_B({\\bf \\hat n}))=0$, with a generally\ndirection-dependent \"butterfly speed\" $v_B({\\bf \\hat n})$. In spatially local\nsystems, $\\lambda(v)$ is negative outside the light cone where it takes the\nform $\\lambda(v) \\sim -(v-v_B)^{\\alpha}$ near $v_b$, with the exponent $\\alpha$\ntaking on various values over the range of systems we examine. The regime\ninside the light cone with positive Lyapunov exponents may only exist for\nclassical, semi-classical or large-$N$ systems, but not for \"fully quantum\"\nchaotic systems with strong short-range interactions and local Hilbert space\ndimensions of order one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized measurement of uncertainty and the maximizable entropy: For a random variable we can define a variational relationship with practical\nphysical meaning as dI=dbar(x)-bar(dx), where I is called as uncertainty\nmeasurement. With the help of a generalized definition of expectation,\nbar(x)=sum_(i)g(p_i)x_i, and the expression of dI, we can find the concrete\nforms of the maximizable entropies for any given probability distribution\nfunction, where g(p_i) may have different forms for different statistics which\nincludes the extensive and nonextensive statistics.",
        "positive": "Residence Time Near an Absorbing Set: We determine how long a diffusing particle spends in a given spatial range\nbefore it dies at an absorbing boundary. In one dimension, for a particle that\nstarts at $x_0$ and is absorbed at $x=0$, the average residence time in the\nrange $[x,x+dx]$ is $T(x)=\\frac{x}{D}\\,dx$ for $x<x_0$ and $\\frac{x_0}{D}\\,dx$\nfor $x>x_0$, where $D$ is the diffusion coefficient. We extend our approach to\nbiased diffusion, to a particle confined to a finite interval, and to general\nspatial dimensions. We use the generating function technique to derive parallel\nresults for the average residence time of the one-dimensional symmetric\nnearest-neighbor random walk that starts at $x_0=1$ and is absorbed at $x=0$.\nWe also determine the distribution of times at which the random walk first\nrevisits $x=1$ before being absorbed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Role of closed paths in the path integral approach of statistical\n  thermodynamics: Thermodynamics is independent of a description at a microscopic level\nconsequently statistical thermodynamics must produce results independent of the\ncoordinate system used to describe the particles and their interactions. In the\npath integral formalism the equilibrium properties are cal- culated by using\nclosed paths and an euclidean coordinate system. We show that the calculations\non these paths are coordinates independent. In the change of coordinate systems\nwe consider those preserving the physics on which we focus. Recently it has\nbeen shown that the path integral formalism can be built from the real motion\nof particles. We consider the change of coordinates for which the equations of\nmotion are unchanged. Thus we have to deal with the canonical trans-\nformations. The Lagrangian is not uniquely defined and a change of coordinates\nintroduces in hamiltonians the partial time derivative of an arbitrary\nfunction. We have show that the closed paths does not contain any arbitrary\ningredients. This proof is inspired by a method used in gauge theory. Closed\npaths appear as the keystone on which we may describe the equilibrium states in\nstatistical thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Metastability for a stochastic dynamics with a parallel heat bath\n  updating rule: We consider the problem of metastability for a stochastic dynamics with a\nparallel updating rule with single spin rates equal to those of the heat bath\nfor the Ising nearest neighbors interaction. We study the exit from the\nmetastable phase, we describe the typical exit path and evaluate the exit time.\nWe prove that the phenomenology of metastability is different from the one\nobserved in the case of the serial implementation of the heat bath dynamics. In\nparticular we prove that an intermediate chessboard phase appears during the\nexcursion from the minus metastable phase toward the plus stable phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conserved Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation: Role of quenched disorder in\n  determining universality: We study the stochastically driven conserved Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (CKPZ)\nequation with quenched disorders. Short-ranged quenched disorders is found to\nbe a relevant perturbation on the pure CKPZ equation at one dimension, and as a\nresult, a new universality class different from pure CKPZ equation appears to\nemerge. At higher dimensions, quenched disorder turns out to be ineffective to\ninfluence the universal scaling. This results in the asymptotic long wavelength\nscaling to be given by the linear theory, a scenario identical with the pure\nCKPZ equation. For sufficiently long-ranged quenched disorders, the universal\nscaling is impacted by the quenched disorder even at higher dimensions.",
        "positive": "Full counting statistics in the spin-1/2 Heisenberg XXZ chain: The spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain exhibits a quantum critical regime\ncharacterized by quasi long-range magnetic order at zero temperature. We\nquantify the strength of quantum fluctuations in the ground state by\ndetermining the probability distributions of the components of the (staggered)\nsubsystem magnetization. Some of these exhibit scaling and the corresponding\nuniversal scaling functions can be determined by free fermion methods and by\nexploiting a relation with the boundary sine-Gordon model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Static Soliton at Nonequilibrium Steady State: Nonequlibrium phase transition of an open Takayama-Lin Liu-Maki chain coupled\nwith two reservoirs is investigated. We will show that solitons connecting two\nuniform phases are possible, and the amplitude of solitons obeys the same\nself-consistent equation as that of uniform phases.",
        "positive": "Explicit solution of the Lindblad equation for nearly isotropic boundary\n  driven XY spin 1/2 chain: Explicit solution for the 2-point correlation function in a non-equilibrium\nsteady state of a nearly isotropic boundary-driven open XY spin 1/2 chain in\nthe Lindblad formulation is provided. A non-equilibrium quantum phase\ntransition from exponentially decaying correlations to long-range order is\ndiscussed analytically. In the regime of long-range order a new phenomenon of\ncorrelation resonances is reported, where the correlation response of the\nsystem is unusually high for certain discrete values of the external bulk\nparameter, e.g. the magnetic field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of the quantum easy-plane antiferromagnet on the\n  triangular lattice: The classical XXZ triangular-lattice antiferromagnet (TAF) shows both an\nIsing and a BKT transition, related to the chirality and the in-plane spin\ncomponents, respectively. In this paper the quantum effects on the\nthermodynamic quantities are evaluated by means of the pure-quantum\nself-consistent harmonic approximation (PQSCHA), that allows one to deal with\nany spin value through classical MC simulations. We report the internal energy,\nthe specific heat, and the in-plane correlation length of the quantum XX0 TAF,\nfor S=1/2, 1, 5/2. The quantum transition temperatures turn out to be smaller\nthe smaller the spin, and agree with the few available theoretical and\nnumerical estimates.",
        "positive": "Phase behaviour of a symmetrical binary fluid mixture in a field: Integral equation theory calculations within the mean spherical approximation\n(MSA) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are employed to study\nthe phase behaviour of a symmetrical binary fluid mixture in the presence of a\nfield arising from unequal chemical potentials of the two particle species.\nAttention is focused on the case for which, in the absence of a field, the\nphase diagram exhibits a first order liquid-liquid transition in addition to\nthe liquid-vapor transition. We find that in the presence of a field, two\npossible subtypes of phase behaviour can occur, these being distinguished by\nthe relationship between the critical lines in the full phase diagram of\ntemperature, density, and concentration. We present the detailed form of the\nrespective phase diagrams as calculated from MSA and compare with results from\nthe MC simulations, finding good overall agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Colloquium: Criticality and dynamical scaling in living systems: A celebrated and controversial hypothesis conjectures that some biological\nsystems --parts, aspects, or groups of them-- may extract important functional\nbenefits from operating at the edge of instability, halfway between order and\ndisorder, i.e. in the vicinity of the critical point of a phase transition.\nCriticality has been argued to provide biological systems with an optimal\nbalance between robustness against perturbations and flexibility to adapt to\nchanging conditions, as well as to confer on them optimal computational\ncapabilities, huge dynamical repertoires, unparalleled sensitivity to stimuli,\netc. Criticality, with its concomitant scale invariance, can be conjectured to\nemerge in living systems as the result of adaptive and evolutionary processes\nthat, for reasons to be fully elucidated, select for it as a template upon\nwhich higher layers of complexity can rest. This hypothesis is very suggestive\nas it proposes that criticality could constitute a general and common\norganizing strategy in biology stemming from the physics of phase transitions.\nHowever, despite its thrilling implications, this is still in its embryonic\nstate as a well-founded theory and, as such, it has elicited some healthy\nskepticism. From the experimental side, the advent of high-throughput\ntechnologies has created new prospects in the exploration of biological\nsystems, and empirical evidence in favor of criticality has proliferated, with\nexamples ranging from endogenous brain activity and gene-expression patterns,\nto flocks of birds and insect-colony foraging, to name but a few...",
        "positive": "Random Geometric Graphs: We analyse graphs in which each vertex is assigned random coordinates in a\ngeometric space of arbitrary dimensionality and only edges between adjacent\npoints are present. The critical connectivity is found numerically by examining\nthe size of the largest cluster. We derive an analytical expression for the\ncluster coefficient which shows that the graphs are distinctly different from\nstandard random graphs, even for infinite dimensionality. Insights relevant for\ngraph bi-partitioning are included."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation from fractional wobbling in a cone: We consider nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate resulted from a fractional\ndiffusion equation for anomalous rotational wobbling in a cone. The mechanism\nof relaxation is assumed to be due to dipole-dipole interaction of nuclear\nspins and is treated within the framework of the standard Bloemberger, Purcell,\nPound - Solomon scheme. We consider the general case of arbitrary orientation\nof the cone axis relative the magnetic field. The BPP-Solomon scheme is shown\nto remain valid for systems with the distribution of the cone axes depending\nonly on the tilt relative the magnetic field but otherwise being isotropic. We\nconsider the case of random isotropic orientation of cone axes relative the\nmagnetic field taking place in powders. Also we consider the case of their\npredominant orientation along or opposite the magnetic field and that of their\npredominant orientation transverse to the magnetic field which may be relevant\nfor, e.g., liquid crystals. Besides we treat in details the model case of the\ncone axis directed along the magnetic field. The latter provides direct\ncomparison of the limiting case of our formulas with the textbook formulas for\nordinary isotropic rotational diffusion. We show that the present model enables\none to obtain naturally the well known power law for Larmor frequency\ndependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate. The latter is observed in some\ncomplex systems. From this law the dependence of the fractional diffusion\ncoefficient on the fractional index is obtained to have a rather simple\nfunctional form. The dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate on the cone\nhalf-width for the case of ordinary rotational diffusion yields results similar\nto those predicted by the model-free approach.",
        "positive": "Structural transitions in vertically and horizontally coupled parabolic\n  channels of Wigner crystals: Structural phase transitions in two vertically or horizontally coupled\nchannels of strongly interacting particles are investigated. The particles are\nfree to move in the $x$-direction but are confined by a parabolic potential in\nthe $y$-direction. They interact with each other through a screened power-law\npotential ($r^{-n}e^{-r/\\lambda}$). In vertically coupled systems the channels\nare stacked above each other in the direction perpendicular to the\n$(x,y)$-plane, while in horizontally coupled systems both channels are aligned\nin the confinement direction. Using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations we obtain the\nground state configurations and the structural transitions as a function of the\nlinear particle density and the separation between the channels. At zero\ntemperature the vertically coupled system exhibits a rich phase diagram with\ncontinuous and discontinuous transitions. On the other hand the vertically\ncoupled system exhibits only a very limited number of phase transitions due to\nits symmetry. Further we calculated the normal modes for the Wigner crystals in\nboth cases. From MC simulations we found that in the case of vertically coupled\nsystems the zigzag transition is only possible for low densities. A\nGinzburg-Landau theory for the zigzag transition is presented, which predicts\ncorrectly the behavior of this transition from which we interpret the\nstructural phase transition of the Wigner crystal through the reduction of the\nBrillouin zone."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic structures of RbCuCl_3 in a transverse field: A recent high-field magnetization experiment found a phase transition of\nunknown character in the layered, frustrated antiferromagnet RbCuCl_3, in a\ntransverse field (in the layers). Motivated by these results, we have examined\nthe magnetic structures predicted by a model of RbCuCl_3, using the classical\napproximation. At small fields, we obtain the structure already known to be\noptimal, an incommensurate (IC) spiral with wave vector q in the layers. At\nhigher fields, we find a staircase of long-period commensurate (C) phases\n(separated initially by the low-field IC phase), then two narrow IC phases,\nthen a fourth IC phase (also with intermediate C phases), and finally the\nferromagnetically aligned phase at the saturation field H_S. The\nthree-sublattice C states familiar from the theory of the triangular\nantiferromagnet are never optimal. The C phases and the two intermediate IC\nphases were previously unknown in this context. The magnetization is\ndiscontinuous at a field \\approx 0.4H_S, in qualitative agreement with\nexperiment, though we find much fine structure not reported.",
        "positive": "Critical phenomena in complex networks: The combination of the compactness of networks, featuring small diameters,\nand their complex architectures results in a variety of critical effects\ndramatically different from those in cooperative systems on lattices. In the\nlast few years, researchers have made important steps toward understanding the\nqualitatively new critical phenomena in complex networks. We review the\nresults, concepts, and methods of this rapidly developing field. Here we mostly\nconsider two closely related classes of these critical phenomena, namely\nstructural phase transitions in the network architectures and transitions in\ncooperative models on networks as substrates. We also discuss systems where a\nnetwork and interacting agents on it influence each other. We overview a wide\nrange of critical phenomena in equilibrium and growing networks including the\nbirth of the giant connected component, percolation, k-core percolation,\nphenomena near epidemic thresholds, condensation transitions, critical\nphenomena in spin models placed on networks, synchronization, and\nself-organized criticality effects in interacting systems on networks. We also\ndiscuss strong finite size effects in these systems and highlight open problems\nand perspectives."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conformational statistics of non-equilibrium polymer loops in Rouse\n  model with active loop extrusion: Motivated by the recent experimental observations of the DNA loop extrusion\nby protein motors, in this paper we investigate the statistical properties of\nthe growing polymer loops within the ideal chain model. The loop conformation\nis characterized statistically by the mean gyration radius and the pairwise\ncontact probabilities. It turns out that a single dimensionless parameter,\nwhich is given by the ratio of the loop relaxation time over the time elapsed\nsince the start of extrusion, controls the crossover between near-equilibrium\nand highly non-equilibrium asymptotics in statistics of the extruded loop.\nBesides, we show that two-sided and one-sided loop extruding motors produce the\nloops with almost identical properties. Our predictions are based on two\nrigorous semi-analytical methods accompanied by asymptotic analysis of slow and\nfast extrusion limits.",
        "positive": "Exact solution of the one-dimensional deterministic Fixed-Energy\n  Sandpile: In reason of the strongly non-ergodic dynamical behavior, universality\nproperties of deterministic Fixed-Energy Sandpiles are still an open and\ndebated issue. We investigate the one-dimensional model, whose microscopical\ndynamics can be solved exactly, and provide a deeper understanding of the\norigin of the non-ergodicity. By means of exact arguments, we prove the\noccurrence of orbits of well-defined periods and their dependence on the\nconserved energy density. Further statistical estimates of the size of the\nattraction's basins of the different periodic orbits lead to a complete\ncharacterization of the activity vs. energy density phase diagram in the limit\nof large system's size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean-field dynamics of an infinite-range interacting quantum system:\n  chaos, dynamical phase transition, and localisation: We investigate the dynamical properties of the XY spin 1/2 chain with\ninfinite-range transverse interactions and find a dynamical phase transition\nwith a chaotic dynamical phase. In the latter, we find non-vanishing\nfinite-time Lyapunov exponents and intermittent behavior signaled by fast and\nslow entropy growth periods. Further, we study the XY chain with a local\nself-consistent transverse field and observe a localization phase transition.\nWe show that localization stabilizes the chaotic dynamical phase.",
        "positive": "Dynamical quantum phase transitions in Weyl semimetals: The quench dynamics in type-I inversion symmetric Weyl semimetals (WSM) are\nexplored in this work which, due to the form of the Hamiltonian, may be readily\nextended to two-dimensional Chern insulators. We analyze the role of\nequilibrium topological properties characterized by the Chern number of the\npre-quench ground state in dictating the non-equilibrium dynamics of the\nsystem, specifically, the emergence of dynamical quantum phase transitions\n(DQPT). By investigating the ground state fidelity, it is found that a change\nin the signed Chern number constitutes a sufficient but not necessary condition\nfor the occurrence of DQPTs. Depending on the ratio of the transverse and\nlongitudinal hopping parameters, DQPTs may also be observed for quenches lying\nentirely within the initial Chern phase. Additionally, we analyze the zeros of\nthe boundary partition function discovering that while the zeros generally form\ntwo-dimensional structures resulting in one-dimensional critical times,\ninfinitesimal quenches may lead to one-dimensional zeros with zero-dimensional\ncritical times provided the quench distance scales appropriately with the\nsystem size. This is strikingly manifested in the nature of non-analyticies of\nthe dynamical free energy, revealing a logarithmic singularity. In addition,\nfollowing recent experimental advances in observing the dynamical Fisher zeros\nof the Loschmidt overlap amplitude through azimuthal Bloch phase vortices by\nBloch-state tomography, we rigorously investigate the same in WSMs. Finally, we\nestablish the relationship between the dimension of the critical times and the\npresence of dynamical vortices, demonstrating that only one-dimensional\ncritical times arising from two-dimensional manifolds of zeros of the boundary\npartition function lead to dynamical vortices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Truncations of Random Orthogonal Matrices: Statistical properties of non--symmetric real random matrices of size $M$,\nobtained as truncations of random orthogonal $N\\times N$ matrices are\ninvestigated. We derive an exact formula for the density of eigenvalues which\nconsists of two components: finite fraction of eigenvalues are real, while the\nremaining part of the spectrum is located inside the unit disk symmetrically\nwith respect to the real axis. In the case of strong non--orthogonality,\n$M/N=$const, the behavior typical to real Ginibre ensemble is found. In the\ncase $M=N-L$ with fixed $L$, a universal distribution of resonance widths is\nrecovered.",
        "positive": "Phase Transitions of Random Binary Magnetic Square Lattice Ising Systems: Binary magnetic square lattice Ising system with nearest neighbour\ninteractions were simulated using the Monte Carlo technique. Two types of ions\nwere randomly distributed on the lattice sites, one type interacting\nferromagnetic and the other antiferromagnetic. A phase diagram of the ion\nconcentration dependent critical temperature, Tc was deduced. Combined Bethe\nPeierls approximation and Mean Field theory phase transition results were\ncompared to the results of the present method. An improved accuracy of the\napproximations of the critical temperatures was observed. The Monte Carlo\nsimulation is thus shown to be a more reliable method for obtaining the\nphysical properties of the random binary two-dimensional Ising system.\n  Keywords: Binary magnetic two-dimensional Ising system, phase transition,\nMonte Carlo simulations"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The truncated Wigner method for Bose condensed gases: limits of validity\n  and applications: We study the truncated Wigner method (TWM) applied to a weakly interacting\nBose condensed gas perturbed away from thermal equilibrium. The idea of the\nmethod is to generate an ensemble of classical fields which samples the Wigner\nfunction of the initial thermal density operator, and to evolve each field with\nthe Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE). In the first part of the paper we improve\nthe sampling technique over our previous work and we test its accuracy against\nthe exactly solvable model of the ideal gas. In the second part of the paper we\ninvestigate the conditions of validity of the TWM. For short evolution times\nthe time-dependent Bogoliubov approximation is valid for almost pure\ncondensates. The requirement that the TWM reproduces the Bogoliubov prediction\nleads to the constraint that the number of field modes must be smaller than the\nnumber of particles.For longer times the nonlinear dynamics of the noncondensed\nmodes plays an important role. To demonstrate this we analyse the case of a 3D\nspatially homogeneous Bose condensed gas and we test how well TWM reproduces\nBeliaev-Landau damping.We have identified the mechanism which limits the\nvalidity of the TWM: the initial classical fields, driven by the time-dependent\nGPE, thermalise to a classical field distribution at a temperature T_class\nlarger than the initial temperature T. When T_class significantly exceeds T a\nspurious damping is observed in the simulation. This leads to the second\ncondition for the TWM, T_class-T<<T, which requires that the maximum energy of\nthe Bogoliubov modes does not exceed a few k_B T.",
        "positive": "First order phase transition in a self-propelled particles model with\n  variable angular range of interaction: We have carried out a Monte Carlo simulation of a modified version of Vicsek\nmodel for the motion of self-propelled particles in two dimensions. In this\nmodel the neighborhood of interaction of a particle is a sector of the circle\nwith the particle at the center (rather than the whole circle as in the\noriginal Vicsek model). The sector is centered along the direction of the\nvelocity of the particle, and the half-opening angle of this sector is called\nthe `view-angle'. We vary the view-angle over its entire range and study the\nchange in the nature of the collective motion of the particles. We find that\nordered collective motion persists down to remarkably small view-angles. And at\na certain critical view-angle the collective motion of the system undergoes a\nfirst order phase transition to a disordered state. We also find that the\nreduction in the view-angle can in fact increase the order in the system\nsignificantly. We show that the directionality of the interaction, and not only\nthe radial range of the interaction, plays an important role in the\ndetermination of the nature of the above phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Behaviour of Spanning Forests on Random Planar Graphs: As a follow-up of previous work of the authors, we analyse the statistical\nmechanics model of random spanning forests on random planar graphs. Special\nemphasis is given to the analysis of the critical behaviour. Exploiting an\nexact relation with a model of O(-2)-loops and dimers, previously solved by\nKostov and Staudacher, we identify critical and multicritical loci, and find\nthem consistent with recent results of Bousquet-M\\'elou and Courtiel. This is\nalso consistent with the KPZ relation, and the Berker-Kadanoff phase in the\nanti-ferromagnetic regime of the Potts Model on periodic lattices, predicted by\nSaleur. To our knowledge, this is the first known example of KPZ appearing\nexplicitly to work within a Berker-Kadanoff phase. We set up equations for the\ngenerating function, at the value t=-1 of the fugacity, which is of\ncombinatorial interest, and we investigate the resulting numerical series, a\nfavourite problem of Tony Guttmann's.",
        "positive": "Multi-Scaling of Correlation Functions in Single Species\n  Reaction-Diffusion Systems: We derive the multi-fractal scaling of probability distributions of\nmulti-particle configurations for the binary reaction-diffusion system $A+A \\to\n\\emptyset$ in $d \\leq 2$ and for the ternary system $3A \\to \\emptyset$ in\n$d=1$. For the binary reaction we find that the probability $P_{t}(N, \\Delta\nV)$ of finding $N$ particles in a fixed volume element $\\Delta V$ at time $t$\ndecays in the limit of large time as $(\\frac{\\ln t}{t})^{N}(\\ln\nt)^{-\\frac{N(N-1)}{2}}$ for $d=2$ and\n$t^{-Nd/2}t^{-\\frac{N(N-1)\\epsilon}{4}+\\mathcal{O}(\\ep^2)}$ for $d<2$. Here\n$\\ep=2-d$. For the ternary reaction in one dimension we find that\n$P_{t}(N,\\Delta V) \\sim (\\frac{\\ln t}{t})^{N/2}(\\ln\nt)^{-\\frac{N(N-1)(N-2)}{6}}$. The principal tool of our study is the dynamical\nrenormalization group. We compare predictions of $\\ep$-expansions for\n$P_{t}(N,\\Delta V)$ for binary reaction in one dimension against exact known\nresults. We conclude that the $\\ep$-corrections of order two and higher are\nabsent in the above answer for $P_{t}(N, \\Delta V)$ for $N=1,2,3,4$.\nFurthermore we conjecture the absence of $\\ep^2$-corrections for all values of\n$N$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Self-organising Model of Market with Single Commodity: We have studied here the self-organising features of the dynamics of a model\nmarket, where the agents `trade' for a single commodity with their money. The\nmodel market consists of fixed numbers of economic agents, money supply and\ncommodity. We demonstrate that the model, apart from showing a self-organising\nbehaviour, indicates a crucial role for the money supply in the market and also\nits self-organising behaviour is seen to be significantly affected when the\nmoney supply becomes less than the optimum. We also observed that this optimal\nmoney supply level of the market depends on the amount of `frustration' or\nscarcity in the commodity market.",
        "positive": "Path sampling with Stochastic Dynamics: Some new Algorithms: We propose here some new sampling algorithms for Path Sampling in the case\nwhen stochastic dynamics are used. In particular, we present a new proposal\nfunction for equilibrium sampling of paths with a Monte-Carlo dynamics (the\nso-called ``brownian tube'' proposal). This proposal is based on the continuity\nof the dynamics with respect to the random forcing, and generalizes all\nprevious approaches. The efficiency of this proposal is demonstrated using some\nmeasure of decorrelation in path space. We also discuss a switching strategy\nthat allows to transform ensemble of paths at a finite rate while remaining at\nequilibrium, in contrast with the usual Jarzynski like switching. This\nswitching is very interesting to sample constrained paths starting from\nunconstrained paths, or to perform simulated annealing in a rigorous way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dependence on the thermodynamic state of self-diffusion of pseudo\n  hard-spheres: Self-diffusion, $D$, in a system of particles that interact with a pseudo\nhard sphere potential is analyzed. Coupling with a solvent is represented by a\nLangevin thermostat, characterized by the damping time $t_d$. The hypotheses\nthat $D=D_0 \\varphi$ is proposed, where $D_0$ is the small concentration\ndiffusivity and $\\varphi$ is a thermodynamic function that represents the\neffects of interactions as concentration is increased. Molecular dynamics\nsimulations show that different values of the noise intensity modify $D_0$ but\ndo not modify $\\varphi$. This result is consistent with the assumption that\n$\\varphi$ is a thermodynamic function, since the thermodynamic state is not\nmodified by the presence of damping and noise.",
        "positive": "Unconventional critical activated scaling of two-dimensional quantum\n  spin-glasses: We study the critical behavior of two-dimensional short-range quantum spin\nglasses by numerical simulations. Using a parallel tempering algorithm, we\ncalculate the Binder cumulant for the Ising spin glass in a transverse magnetic\nfield with two different short-range bond distributions, the bimodal and the\nGaussian ones. Through an exhaustive finite-size scaling analysis, we show that\nthe universality class does not depend on the exact form of the bond\ndistribution but, most important, that the quantum critical behavior is\ngoverned by an infinite randomness fixed point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization-group theory of dynamics of first-order phase\n  transitions in a field-driven scalar model: We show by a detailed study of the mean-field approximation, the Gaussian\napproximation, the perturbation expansion, and the field-theoretic\nrenormalization-group analysis of a $\\varphi^{3}$ theory that its instability\nfixed points with their associated instability exponents are quite probably\nrelevant to the scaling and universality behavior exhibited by the first-order\nphase transitions in a field-driven scalar $\\phi^4$ model below its critical\ntemperature near their instability points. Finite-time scaling and leading\ncorrections to scaling are considered. We also show that the instability\nexponents of the first-order phase transitions equal those of the Yang--Lee\nedge singularity and employ the latter to improve our estimates of the former.\nThe outcomes agree well with existent numerical results.",
        "positive": "Local scale invariance and strongly anisotropic equilibrium critical\n  systems: A new set of infinitesimal transformations generalizing scale invariance for\nstrongly anisotropic critical systems is considered. It is shown that such a\ngeneralization is possible if the anisotropy exponent \\theta =2/N, with N=1,2,3\n... Differential equations for the two-point function are derived and\nexplicitly solved for all values of N. Known special cases are conformal\ninvariance (N=2) and Schr\\\"odinger invariance (N=1). For N=4 and N=6, the\nresults contain as special cases the exactly known scaling forms obtained for\nthe spin-spin correlation function in the axial next nearest neighbor spherical\n(ANNNS) model at its Lifshitz points of first and second order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diverging length scale of the inhomogeneous mode-coupling theory: a\n  numerical investigation: Biroli et al.'s extension of the standard mode-coupling theory to\ninhomogeneous equilibrium states [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 195701 (2006)] allowed\nthem to identify a characteristic length scale that diverges upon approaching\nthe mode-coupling transition. We present a numerical investigation of this\nlength scale. To this end we derive and numerically solve equations of motion\nfor coefficients in the small q expansion of the dynamic susceptibility\n$\\chi_{\\mathbf{q}}(\\mathbf{k};t)$ that describes the change of the system's\ndynamics due to an external inhomogeneous potential. We study the dependence of\nthe characteristic length scale on time, wave-vector, and on the distance from\nthe mode-coupling transition. We verify scaling predictions of Biroli et al. In\naddition, we find that the numerical value of the diverging length scale\nqualitatively agrees with lengths obtained from four-point correlation\nfunctions. We show that the diverging length scale has very weak k dependence,\nwhich contrasts with very strong $k$ dependence of the $q\\to 0$ limit of the\nsusceptibility, $\\chi_{\\mathbf{q}=0}(\\mathbf{k};t)$. Finally, we compare the\ndiverging length obtained from the small q expansion to that resulting from an\nisotropic approximation applied to the equation of motion for the dynamic\nsusceptibility $\\chi_{\\mathbf{q}}(\\mathbf{k};t)$.",
        "positive": "Gauge Physics of Finance: simple introduction: In this paper we state the fundamental principles of the gauge approach to\nfinancial economics and demonstrate the ways of its application. In particular,\nmodelling of realistic price processes is considered for an example of S&P500\nmarket index. Derivative pricing and portfolio theory are also briefly\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Searching for Nodes in Random Graphs: We consider the problem of searching for a node on a labelled random graph\naccording to a greedy algorithm that selects a route to the desired node using\nmetric information on the graph. Motivated by peer-to-peer networks two types\nof random graph are proposed with properties particularly amenable to this kind\nof algorithm. We derive equations for the probability that the search is\nsuccessful and also study the number of hops required, finding both numerical\nand analytic evidence of a transition as the number of links is varied.",
        "positive": "Classes of behavior of small-world networks: Small-world networks are the focus of recent interest because they appear to\ncircumvent many of the limitations of either random networks or regular\nlattices as frameworks for the study of interaction networks of complex\nsystems. Here, we report an empirical study of the statistical properties of a\nvariety of diverse real-world networks. We present evidence of the occurrence\nof three classes of small-world networks: (a) scale-free networks,\ncharacterized by a vertex connectivity distribution that decays as a power law;\n(b) broad-scale networks, characterized by a connectivity distribution that has\na power-law regime followed by a sharp cut-off; (c) single-scale networks,\ncharacterized by a connectivity distribution with a fast decaying tail.\nMoreover, we note for the classes of broad-scale and single-scale networks that\nthere are constraints limiting the addition of new links. Our results suggest\nthat the nature of such constraints may be the controlling factor for the\nemergence of different classes of networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Innovative insights into which statements the third law of\n  thermodynamics includes exactly: It is found from textbooks and literature that the third law of\nthermodynamics has three different statements, i.e., the Nernst theorem,\nunattainability statement of absolute zero temperature, and heat capacity\nstatement. It is pointed out that such three statements correspond to three\nthermodynamic parameters, which are, respectively, the entropy, temperature,\nand heat capacity, and can be obtained by extrapolating the experimental\nresults of different parameters at ultra-low temperatures to absolute zero. It\nis expounded that because there's no need for additional assumptions in the\nderivation of the Nernst equation, the Nernst theorem should be renamed as the\nNernst statement. Moreover, it is proved that both the Nernst statement and the\nheat capacity statement are mutually deducible and equivalent, while the\nunattainability of absolute zero temperature is only a corollary of the Nernst\nstatement or the heat capacity statement so that it is unsuitably referred to\nas one statement of the third law of thermodynamics. The conclusion is that the\nNernst statement and the heat capacity statement are two equivalent statements\nof the third law of thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Universality of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type of phase\n  transition in the dipolar XY-model: We investigate the nature of the phase transition occurring in a planar\nXY-model spin system with dipole-dipole interactions. It is demonstrated that a\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) type of phase transition always takes\nplace at a finite temperature separating the ordered (ferro) and the disordered\n(para) phases. The low-temperature phase corresponds to an ordered state with\nthermal fluctuations, composed of a \"gas\" of bound vortex-antivortex pairs,\nwhich would, when considered isolated, be characterized by a constant\nvortex-antivortex attraction force which is due to the dipolar interaction term\nin the Hamiltonian. Using a topological charge model, we show that small bound\npairs are easily polarized, and screen the vortex-antivortex interaction in\nsufficiently large pairs. Screening changes the linear attraction potential of\nvortices to a logarithmic one, and leads to the familiar pair dissociation\nmechanism of the BKT type phase transition. The topological charge model is\nconfirmed by numerical simulations, in which we demonstrate that the transition\ntemperature slightly increases when compared with the BKT result for\nshort-range interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ageing in disordered magnets and local scale-invariance: The ageing of the bond-disordered two-dimensional Ising model quenched to\nbelow its critical point is studied through the two-time autocorrelator and\nthermoremanent magnetization (TRM). The corresponding ageing exponents are\ndetermined. The form of the scaling function of the TRM is well described by\nthe theory of local scale-invariance.",
        "positive": "Non-Equilibrium Dynamics of a Noisy Quantum Ising Chain: statistics of\n  the work and prethermalization after a sudden quench of the transverse field: We discuss the non-equilibrium dynamics of a Quantum Ising Chain (QIC)\nfollowing a quantum quench of the transverse field and in the presence of a\ngaussian time dependent noise. We discuss the probability distribution of the\nwork done on the system both for static and dynamic noise. While the effect of\nstatic noise is to smooth the low energy threshold of the statistic of the\nwork, appearing for sudden quenches, a dynamical noise protocol affects also\nthe spectral weight of such features. We also provide a detailed derivation of\nthe kinetic equation for the Green's functions on the Keldysh contour and the\ntime evolution of observables of physical interest, extending previously\nreported results (J. Marino, A. Silva, Phys. Rev. B 86, 060408 (2012)), and\ndiscussing the extension of the concept of prethermalization which can be used\nto study noisy quantum many body hamiltonians driven out-of-equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Polygon-based hierarchical planar networks based on generalized\n  Apollonian construction: Experimentally observed complex networks are often scale-free, small-world\nand have unexpectedly large number of small cycles. Apollonian network is one\nnotable example of a model network respecting simultaneously having all three\nof these properties. This network is constructed by a deterministic procedure\nof consequentially splitting a triangle into smaller and smaller triangles.\nHere we present a similar construction based on consequential splitting of\ntetragons and other polygons with even number of edges. The suggested procedure\nis stochastic and results in the ensemble of planar scale-free graphs, in the\nlimit of large number of splittings the degree distribution of the graph\nconverges to a true power law with exponent, which is smaller than 3 in the\ncase of tetragons, and larger than 3 for polygons with larger number of edges.\nWe show that it is possible to stochastically mix tetragon-based and\nhexagon-based constructions to obtain an ensemble of graphs with tunable\nexponent of degree distribution. Other possible planar generalizations of the\nApollonian procedure are also briefly discussed.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear Energy Response of Glass Forming Materials: A theory for the nonlinear energy response of a system subjected to a heat\nbath is developed when the temperature of the heat bath is modulated\nsinusoidally. The theory is applied to a model glass forming system, where the\nlandscape is assumed to have 20 basins and transition rates between basins obey\na power law distribution. It is shown that the statistics of eigenvalues of the\ntransition rate matrix, the glass transition temperature $T_g$, the\nVogel-Fulcher temperature $T_0$ and the crossover temperature $T_x$ can be\ndetermined from the 1st- and 2nd-order ac specific heats, which are defined as\ncoefficients of the 1st- and 2nd-order energy responses. The imaginary part of\nthe 1st-order ac specific heat has a broad peak corresponding to the\ndistribution of the eigenvalues. When the temperature is decreased below $T_g$,\nthe frequency of the peak decreases and the width increases. Furthermore, the\nstatistics of eigenvalues can be obtained from the frequency dependence of the\n1st-order ac specific heat. The 2nd-order ac specific heat shows extrema as a\nfunction of the frequency. The extrema diverge at the Vogel-Fulcher temperature\n$T_0$. The temperature dependence of the extrema changes significantly near\n$T_g$ and some extrema vanish near $T_x$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical condition of the water-retention model: We study how much water can be retained without leaking through boundaries\nwhen each unit square of a two-dimensional lattice is randomly assigned a block\nof unit bottom area but with different heights from zero to $n-1$. As more\nblocks are put into the system, there exists a phase transition beyond which\nthe system retains a macroscopic volume of water. We locate the critical points\nand verify that the criticality belongs to the two-dimensional percolation\nuniversality class. If the height distribution can be approximated as\ncontinuous for large $n$, the system is always close to a critical point and\nthe fraction of the area below the resulting water level is given by the\npercolation threshold. This provides a universal upper bound of areas that can\nbe covered by water in a random landscape.",
        "positive": "Bistability and time crystals in long-ranged directed percolation: Stochastic processes govern the time evolution of a huge variety of realistic\nsystems throughout the sciences. A minimal description of noisy many-particle\nsystems within a Markovian picture and with a notion of spatial dimension is\ngiven by probabilistic cellular automata, which typically feature\ntime-independent and short-ranged update rules. Here, we propose a simple\ncellular automaton with power-law interactions that gives rise to a bistable\nphase of long-ranged directed percolation whose long-time behaviour is not only\ndictated by the system dynamics, but also by the initial conditions. In the\npresence of a periodic modulation of the update rules, we find that the system\nresponds with a period larger than that of the modulation for an exponentially\n(in system size) long time. This breaking of discrete time translation symmetry\nof the underlying dynamics is enabled by a self-correcting mechanism of the\nlong-ranged interactions which compensates noise-induced imperfections. Our\nwork thus provides a firm example of a classical discrete time crystal phase of\nmatter and paves the way for the study of novel non-equilibrium phases in the\nunexplored field of `Floquet probabilistic cellular automata'."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hermite polynomials and Fibonacci Oscillators: We compute the ($q_1,q_2$)-deformed Hermite polynomials by replacing the\nquantum harmonic oscillator problem to Fibonacci oscillators. We do this by\napplying the ($q_1, q_2$)-extension of Jackson derivative. The deformed energy\nspectrum is also found in terms of these parameters. We conclude that the\ndeformation is more effective in higher excited states. We conjecture that this\nachievement may find applications in the inclusion of disorder and impurity in\nquantum systems. The ordinary quantum mechanics is easily recovered as $q_1 =\n1$ and $q_2\\to1$ or vice versa.",
        "positive": "Erroneous solution of three-dimensional (3D) simple orthorhombic Ising\n  lattices: The first paper is an invited comment on arXiv:1110.5527 presented at\nHypercomplex Seminar 2012 and on sixteen earlier published papers by Zhidong\nZhang and Norman H. March. All these works derive from an erroneous solution of\nthe three-dimensional Ising model published in 2007. A self-contained detailed\nrigorous proof is presented that the final expressions in this work are wrong\nand that the conjectures on which they are based consequently fail. Further\nerrors and shortcomings in the follow-up works are also pointed out. The second\npaper is a comment on the response arXiv:1209.3247 by Zhang and March. The\nthird paper is another follow-up."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal combinations of imperfect objects: We address the question of how to make best use of imperfect objects, such as\ndefective analog and digital components. We show that perfect, or near-perfect,\ndevices can be constructed by taking combinations of such defects. Any\nremaining objects can be recycled efficiently. In addition to its practical\napplications, our `defect combination problem' provides a novel generalization\nof classical optimization problems.",
        "positive": "Absence of superheating for ice Ih with a free surface : a new method of\n  determining the melting point of different water models: Molecular dynamic simulations were performed for ice Ih with a free surface.\nThe simulations were carried out at several temperatures and each run lasted\nmore than 7ns. At high temperatures the ice melts. It is demonstrated that the\nmelting process starts at the surface and propagates to the bulk of the ice\nblock. Already at the temperatures below the melting point, we observe a thin\nliquid layer at the ice surface, but the block of ice remains stable along the\nrun. As soon as the temperature reaches the melting point the entire ice block\nmelts. Our results demonstrate that, unlike in the case of conventional\nsimulations in the NpT ensemble, overheating of the ice Ih with a free surface\ndoes not occur. That allows to estimate the melting point of ice at zero\npressure. We applied the method to the following models of water: SPC/E, TIP4P,\nTIP4P/Ew, TIP4P/Ice and TIP4P/2005, and found good agreement between the\nmelting temperatures obtained by this procedure and the values obtained either\nfrom free energy calculations or from direct simulations of the ice/water\ninterface."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A two-species d-dimensional diffusive model and its mapping onto a\n  growth model: In this work, we consider a diffusive two-species d-dimensional model and\nstudy it in great details. Two types of particles, with hard-core, diffuse\nsymmetrically and cross each other. For arbitrary dimensions, we obtain the\nexact density, the instantaneous, as well as non-instantaneous, two-point\ncorrelation functions for various initial conditions.\n  We study the impact of correlations in the initial state on the dynamics.\n  Finally, we map the one-dimensional version of the model under consideration\nonto a growth model of RSOS type with three states and solve its dynamics.",
        "positive": "Reactive conformations and non-Markovian reaction kinetics of a Rouse\n  polymer searching for a target in confinement: We investigate theoretically a diffusion-limited reaction between a reactant\nattached to a Rouse polymer and an external fixed reactive site in confinement.\nThe present work completes and goes beyond a previous study [T. Gu\\'erin, O.\nB\\'enichou and R. Voituriez, Nat. Chem., 4, 268 (2012)] that showed that the\ndistribution of the polymer conformations at the very instant of reaction plays\na key role in the reaction kinetics, and that its determination enables the\ninclusion of non-Markovian effects in the theory. Here, we describe in detail\nthis non-Markovian theory and we compare it with numerical stochastic\nsimulations and with a Markovian approach, in which the reactive conformations\nare approximated by equilibrium ones. We establish the following new results.\nOur analysis reveals a strongly non-Markovian regime in 1D, where the Markovian\nand non-Markovian dependance of the relation time on the initial distance are\ndifferent. In this regime, the reactive conformations are so different from\nequilibrium conformations that the Markovian expressions of the reaction time\ncan be overestimated by several orders of magnitudes for long chains. We also\nshow how to derive qualitative scaling laws for the reaction time in a\nsystematic way that takes into account the different behaviors of monomer\nmotion at all time and length scales. Finally, we also give an analytical\ndescription of the average elongated shape of the polymer at the instant of the\nreaction and we show that its spectrum behaves a a slow power-law for large\nwave numbers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Minimal entropy production in anisotropic temperature fields: Anisotropy of temperature fields, chemical potentials and ion concentration\ngradients provide the fuel that feeds dynamical processes that sustain life.\nDynamical flows in respective environments incur losses manifested as entropy\nproduction. In this work we consider a rudimentary model of an overdamped\nstochastic thermodynamic system in an anisotropic temperature heat bath, and\nanalyze the problem to minimize entropy production while driving the system\nbetween thermodynamic states in finite time. It is noted that entropy\nproduction in a fully isotropic temperature field, can be expressed as the\nWasserstein-2 length of the path traversed by the thermodynamic state of the\nsystem. In the presence of an anisotropic temperature field, the mechanism of\nentropy production is substantially more complicated as, besides dissipation,\nit entails seepage of energy between the ambient heat sources by way of the\nsystem dynamics. We show that, in this case, the entropy production can be\nexpressed as the solution of a suitably constrained and generalized Optimal\nMass Transport (OMT) problem. In contrast to the situation in standard OMT,\nentropy production may not be identically zero, even when the thermodynamic\nstate remains unchanged. Physically, this is due to the fact that maintaining a\nNon-Equilibrium Steady State (NESS), incurs an intrinsic entropic cost. As\nalready noted, NESSs are the hallmark of life and living systems by necessity\noperate away from equilibrium. Thus our problem of minimizing entropy\nproduction appears of central importance in understanding biological processes,\nsuch as molecular motors and motor proteins, and on how such processes may have\nevolved to optimize for available usage of resources.",
        "positive": "Two models of protoplasm microstructure of the living cell in resting\n  state: In order to develop the methods of thermodynamic analysis for the living\ncell, two models of protoplasm microstructure of the living cell in resting\nstate were suggested. Both models are based on the assumption that the Ling's\ncell as a statistical mechanics system is non-ergodic. In the first, Van der\nWaals model, the protein-protein interactions, which form the physical basis\nfor the cell functioning, are considered as a interactions of key importance.\nIt is postulated that protein molecules are situated in points of some space\nlattice (the Ling model of a cell) they assemble to aggregates at equilibrium\nstate, corresponding to the dead protoplasm. In the second model we consider\nprotein conformation at the resting state and conformation changes while the\ncell is passing from the resting state to the equilibrium state (dead\nprotoplasm). The investigation of the models and comparison of their\ncharacteristics showed that the convenient tool to define the energy minimum of\nthe system under consideration is a Hamiltonian describing the superfluid Bose\ngas on protein configuration space. Our approach allows us to define the\nthermodynamic features of the living (at resting state) and dead protoplasm in\na new way: in the first case the system is characterized by the unfolded state\nof proteins, in the second case proteins are folded and aggregated. Obtained\nresults prove the applicability of our approaches for thermodynamic\ncharacteristics of the Ling model of a cell."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective Langevin equations for the pair contact process with diffusion: We propose a system of coupled, real-valued, effective Langevin equations for\nthe nonequilibrium phase transition exhibited by the pair contact process with\ndiffusion (and similar triplet and quadruplet, n-uplet, processes). A\ncombination of analytical and numerical results demonstrate that these\nequations account for all known phenomenology in all physical dimensions,\nincluding estimates of critical exponents in agreement with those reported for\nthe best-behaved microscopic models. We show in particular that the upper\ncritical dimension of these n-uplet transitions is 4/n, and 4/n-1 for their\nanisotropic (biased) versions.",
        "positive": "Not All Fluctuations are Created Equal: Spontaneous Variations in\n  Thermodynamic Function: Almost all processes -- highly correlated, weakly correlated, or correlated\nnot at all---exhibit statistical fluctuations. Often physical laws, such as the\nSecond Law of Thermodynamics, address only typical realizations -- as\nhighlighted by Shannon's asymptotic equipartition property and as entailed by\ntaking the thermodynamic limit of an infinite number of degrees of freedom.\nIndeed, our interpretations of the functioning of macroscopic thermodynamic\ncycles are so focused. Using a recently derived Second Law for information\nprocessing, we show that different subsets of fluctuations lead to distinct\nthermodynamic functioning in Maxwellian Demons. For example, while typical\nrealizations may operate as an engine -- converting thermal fluctuations to\nuseful work -- even \"nearby\" fluctuations (nontypical, but probable\nrealizations) behave differently, as Landauer erasers -- converting available\nstored energy to dissipate stored information. One concludes that ascribing a\nsingle, unique functional modality to a thermodynamic system, especially one on\nthe nanoscale, is at best misleading, likely masking an array of simultaneous,\nparallel thermodynamic transformations. This alters how we conceive of cellular\nprocesses, engineering design, and evolutionary adaptation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glassy slowdown and replica-symmetry-breaking instantons: Glass-forming liquids exhibit a dramatic dynamical slowdown as the\ntemperature is lowered. This can be attributed to relaxation proceeding via\nlarge structural rearrangements whose characteristic size increases as the\nsystem cools. These cooperative rearrangements are well modeled by instantons\nin a replica effective field theory, with the size of the dominant instanton\nencoding the liquid's cavity point-to-set correlation length. Varying the\nparameters of the effective theory corresponds to varying the statistics of the\nunderlying free-energy landscape. We demonstrate that, for a wide range of\nparameters, replica-symmetry-breaking instantons dominate. The detailed\nstructure of the dominant instanton provides a rich window into point-to-set\ncorrelations and glassy dynamics.",
        "positive": "Quasi-stationary States of Two-Dimensional Electron Plasma Trapped in\n  Magnetic Field: We have performed numerical simulations on a pure electron plasma system\nunder a strong magnetic field, in order to examine quasi-stationary states that\nthe system eventually evolves into. We use ring states as the initial states,\nchanging the width, and find that the system evolves into a vortex crystal\nstate from a thinner-ring state while a state with a single-peaked density\ndistribution is obtained from a thicker-ring initial state. For those\nquasi-stationary states, density distribution and macroscopic observables are\ndefined on the basis of a coarse-grained density field. We compare our results\nwith experiments and some statistical theories, which include the\nGibbs-Boltzmann statistics, Tsallis statistics, the fluid entropy theory, and\nthe minimum enstrophy state. From some of those initial states, we obtain the\nquasi-stationary states which are close to the minimum enstrophy state, but we\nalso find that the quasi-stationary states depend upon initial states, even if\nthe initial states have the same energy and angular momentum, which means the\nergodicity does not hold."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Path-integral formalism for stochastic resetting: Exactly solved\n  examples and shortcuts to confinement: We study the dynamics of overdamped Brownian particles diffusing in\nconservative force fields and undergoing stochastic resetting to a given\nlocation with a generic space-dependent rate of resetting. We present a\nsystematic approach involving path integrals and elements of renewal theory\nthat allows to derive analytical expressions for a variety of statistics of the\ndynamics such as (i) the propagator prior to first reset; (ii) the distribution\nof the first-reset time, and (iii) the spatial distribution of the particle at\nlong times. We apply our approach to several representative and hitherto\nunexplored examples of resetting dynamics. A particularly interesting example\nfor which we find analytical expressions for the statistics of resetting is\nthat of a Brownian particle trapped in a harmonic potential with a rate of\nresetting that depends on the instantaneous energy of the particle. We find\nthat using energy-dependent resetting processes is more effective in achieving\nspatial confinement of Brownian particles on a faster timescale than by\nperforming quenches of parameters of the harmonic potential.",
        "positive": "Anomalous behavior of trapping on a fractal scale-free network: It is known that the heterogeneity of scale-free networks helps enhancing the\nefficiency of trapping processes performed on them. In this paper, we show that\ntransport efficiency is much lower in a fractal scale-free network than in\nnon-fractal networks. To this end, we examine a simple random walk with a fixed\ntrap at a given position on a fractal scale-free network. We calculate\nanalytically the mean first-passage time (MFPT) as a measure of the efficiency\nfor the trapping process, and obtain a closed-form expression for MFPT, which\nagrees with direct numerical calculations. We find that, in the limit of a\nlarge network order $V$, the MFPT $<T>$ behaves superlinearly as $<T > \\sim\nV^{{3/2}}$ with an exponent 3/2 much larger than 1, which is in sharp contrast\nto the scaling $<T > \\sim V^{\\theta}$ with $\\theta \\leq 1$, previously obtained\nfor non-fractal scale-free networks. Our results indicate that the degree\ndistribution of scale-free networks is not sufficient to characterize trapping\nprocesses taking place on them. Since various real-world networks are\nsimultaneously scale-free and fractal, our results may shed light on the\nunderstanding of trapping processes running on real-life systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipative Particle Dynamics with energy conservation: Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) does not conserve energy and this\nprecludes its use in the study of thermal processes in complex fluids. We\npresent here a generalization of DPD that incorporates an internal energy and a\ntemperature variable for each particle. The dissipation induced by the\ndissipative forces between particles is invested in raising the internal energy\nof the particles. Thermal conduction occurs by means of (inverse) temperature\ndifferences. The model can be viewed as a simplified solver of the fluctuating\nhydrodynamic equations and opens up the possibility of studying thermal\nprocesses in complex fluids with a mesoscopic simulation technique.",
        "positive": "Search and Return Model for Stochastic Path Integrators: We extend a recently introduced prototypical stochastic model describing\nuniformly the search and return of objects looking for new food sources around\na given home. The model describes the kinematic motion of the object with\nconstant speed in two dimensions. The angular dynamics is driven by noise and\ndescribes a \"pursuit\" and \"escape\" behavior of the heading and the position\nvectors. Pursuit behavior ensures the return to the home and the escaping\nbetween the two vectors realizes exploration of space in the vicinity of the\ngiven home. Noise is originated by environmental influences and during decision\nmaking of the object. We take symmetric {\\alpha}-stable noise since such noise\nis observed in experiments. We now investigate for the simplest possible case,\nthe consequences of limited knowledge of the position angle of the home. We\nfind that both noise type and noise strength can significantly increase the\nprobability of returning to the home. First, we review shortly main findings of\nthe model presented in the former manuscript. These are the stationary distance\ndistribution of the noise driven conservative dynamics and the observation of\nan optimal noise for finding new food sources. Afterwards, we generalize the\nmodel by adding a constant shift {\\gamma} within the interaction rule between\nthe two vectors. The latter might be created by a permanent uncertainty of the\ncorrect home position. Non vanishing shifts transform the kinematics of the\nsearcher to a dissipative dynamics. For the latter we discuss the novel\ndeterministic properties and calculate the stationary spatial distribution\naround the home."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Algorithmic Mapping Criticality into Self Organized Criticality: Probabilistic cellular automata are prototypes of non equilibrium critical\nphenomena. This class of models includes among others the directed percolation\nproblem (Domany Kinzel model) and the dynamical Ising model. The critical\nproperties of these models are usually obtained by fine-tuning one or more\ncontrol parameters, as for instance the temperature. We present a method for\nthe parallel evolution of the model for all the values of the control\nparameter, although its implementation is in general limited to a fixed number\nof values. This algorithm facilitates the sketching of phase diagrams and can\nbe useful in deriving the critical properties of the model. Since the\ncriticality here emerges from the asymptotic distribution of some quantities,\nwithout tuning of parameters, our method is a mapping from a probabilistic\ncellular automaton with critical behavior to a self organized critical model\nwith the same critical properties.",
        "positive": "Symmetry breaking bias and the dynamics of a quantum phase transition: The Kibble-Zurek mechanism predicts the formation of topological defects and\nother excitations that quantify how much a quantum system driven across a\nquantum critical point fails to be adiabatic. We point out that, thanks to the\ndivergent linear susceptibility at the critical point, even a tiny symmetry\nbreaking bias can restore the adiabaticity. The minimal required bias scales\nlike $\\tau_Q^{-\\beta\\delta/(1+z\\nu)}$, where $\\beta,\\delta,z,\\nu$ are the\ncritical exponents and $\\tau_Q$ is a quench time. We test this prediction by\nDMRG simulations of the quantum Ising chain. It is directly applicable to the\nrecent emulation of quantum phase transition dynamics in the Ising chain with\nultracold Rydberg atoms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Replica approach to the KPZ equation with half Brownian motion initial\n  condition: We consider the one-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation with half\nBrownian motion initial condition, studied previously through the weakly\nasymmetric simple exclusion process. We employ the replica Bethe ansatz and\nshow that the generating function of the exponential moments of the height is\nexpressed as a Fredholm determinant. From this the height distribution and its\nasymptotics are studied. Furthermore using the replica method we also discuss\nthe multi-point height distribution. We find that some nice properties of the\ndeformed Airy functions play an important role in the analysis.",
        "positive": "Percolation in the Harmonic Crystal and Voter Model in three dimensions: We investigate the site percolation transition in two strongly correlated\nsystems in three dimensions: the massless harmonic crystal and the voter model.\nIn the first case we start with a Gibbs measure for the potential,\n$U=\\frac{J}{2} \\sum_{<x,y>} (\\phi(x) - \\phi(y))^2$, $x,y \\in \\mathbb{Z}^3$, $J\n> 0$ and $\\phi(x) \\in \\mathbb{R}$, a scalar height variable, and define\noccupation variables $\\rho_h(x) =1,(0)$ for $\\phi(x) > h (<h)$. The probability\n$p$ of a site being occupied, is then a function of $h$. In the voter model we\nconsider the stationary measure, in which each site is either occupied or\nempty, with probability $p$. In both cases the truncated pair correlation of\nthe occupation variables, $G(x-y)$, decays asymptotically like $|x-y|^{-1}$.\nUsing some novel Monte Carlo simulation methods and finite size scaling we find\naccurate values of $p_c$ as well as the critical exponents for these systems.\nThe latter are different from that of independent percolation in $d=3$, as\nexpected from the work of Weinrib and Halperin [WH] for the percolation\ntransition of systems with $G(r) \\sim r^{-a}$ [A. Weinrib and B. Halperin,\nPhys. Rev. B 27, 413 (1983)]. In particular the correlation length exponent\n$\\nu$ is very close to the predicted value of 2 supporting the conjecture by WH\nthat $\\nu= \\frac{2}{a}$ is exact."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Intrinsic noise in systems with switching environments: We study individual-based dynamics in finite populations, subject to randomly\nswitching environmental conditions. These are inspired by models in which genes\ntransition between on and off states, regulating underlying protein dynamics.\nSimilarly switches between environmental states are relevant in bacterial\npopulations and in models of epidemic spread. Existing piecewise-deterministic\nMarkov process (PDMP) approaches focus on the deterministic limit of the\npopulation dynamics while retaining the randomness of the switching. Here we go\nbeyond this approximation and explicitly include effects of intrinsic\nstochasticity at the level of the linear-noise approximation. Specifically we\nderive the stationary distributions of a number of model systems, in good\nagreement with simulations. This improves existing approaches which are limited\nto the regimes of fast and slow switching.",
        "positive": "Quantum Jacobi-Trudi Formula and $E_8$ Structure in the Ising Model in a\n  Field: We investigate a 1D quantum system associated with the Ising model in a\nfield(the dilute $A_3$ model) by the recently developed quantum transfer matrix\n(QTM) approach. A closed set of functional relations is found among variants of\nfusion QTMs which are characterized by skew Young tableaux. These relations are\nproved by using a quantum analogue of Jacobi-Trudi formula, together with\nspecial features at \"root of unity\" . The numerical analysis on their\neigenvalues shows a remarkable coincidence with exponents characteristic to\n$E_8$. From these findings, we have successfully recovered the $E_8$\nThermodynamic Bethe ansatz equation by Bazhanov et al, however, without\nspecific choice of strings solutions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rodlike Heisenberg nanomagnet driven by propagating magnetic field:\n  Nonequilibrium phase transition: The dynamical responses of a rodlike anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnet,\nirradiated by the propagating magnetic field wave, have been studied by Monte\nCarlo simulation using Metropolis single spin-flip algorithm. A nonequilibrium\ndynamical phase transition has been observed. The transition temperature has\nbeen obtained from the peak position of the variance of the dynamic order\nparameter plotted as a function of the temperature. The transition has been\nfound to occur at a lower temperature for the higher value of the amplitude of\nthe propagating magnetic field wave. A comprehensive phase boundary was drawn.\nThe phase boundary has been found to be insensitive to the wavelength of the\npropagating field wave. The boundary encloses more area of the region of the\nordered phase for stronger anisotropy.",
        "positive": "Optimal protocols and optimal transport in stochastic thermodynamics: Thermodynamics of small systems has become an important field of statistical\nphysics. They are driven out of equilibrium by a control, and the question is\nnaturally posed how such a control can be optimized. We show that optimization\nproblems in small system thermodynamics are solved by (deterministic) optimal\ntransport, for which very efficient numerical methods have been developed, and\nof which there are applications in Cosmology, fluid mechanics, logistics, and\nmany other fields. We show, in particular, that minimizing expected heat\nreleased or work done during a non-equilibrium transition in finite time is\nsolved by Burgers equation of Cosmology and mass transport by the Burgers\nvelocity field. Our contribution hence considerably extends the range of\nsolvable optimization problems in small system thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coordination Sequences and Critical Points: Coordination sequences of periodic and quasiperiodic graphs are analysed.\nThese count the number of points that can be reached from a given point of the\ngraph by a number of steps along its bonds, thus generalising the familiar\ncoordination number which is just the first member of this series. A possible\napplication to the theory of critical phenomena in lattice models is outlined.",
        "positive": "What decides the direction of a current?: Nonequilibria show currents that are maintained as the result of a steady\ndriving. We ask here what decides their direction. It is not only the second\nlaw, or the positivity of the entropy production that decides; also\nnon-dissipative aspects often matter and sometimes completely decide."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Learning short-option valuation in the presence of rare events: We present a neural-network valuation of financial derivatives in the case of\nfat-tailed underlying asset returns. A two-layer perceptron is trained on\nsimulated prices taking into account the well-known effect of volatility smile.\nThe prices of the underlier are generated using fractional calculus algorithms,\nand option prices are computed by means of the Bouchaud-Potters formula. This\nlearning scheme is tested on market data; the results show a very good\nagreement between perceptron option prices and real market ones.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation Relation for Quantum Heat Engines and Refrigerators: At the very foundation of the second law of thermodynamics lies the fact that\nno heat engine operating between two reservoires of temperatures $T_C\\leq T_H$\ncan overperform the ideal Carnot engine: $\\langle W \\rangle / \\langle Q_H\n\\rangle \\leq 1-T_C/T_H$. This inequality follows from an exact fluctuation\nrelation involving the nonequilibrium work $W$ and heat exchanged with the hot\nbath $Q_H$. In a previous work [Sinitsyn N A, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. {\\bf 44}\n(2011) 405001] this fluctuation relation was obtained under the assumption that\nthe heat engine undergoes a stochastic jump process. Here we provide the\ngeneral quantum derivation, and also extend it to the case of refrigerators, in\nwhich case Carnot's statement reads: $\\langle Q_C \\rangle / |\\langle W \\rangle|\n\\leq (T_H/T_C-1)^{-1}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Zeroth and Second Laws of Thermodynamics Simultaneously Questioned in\n  the Quantum Microworld: Several models of quantum open systems are known at present to violate,\naccording to principles of the standard quantum theory of open systems, the\nsecond law of thermodynamics. Here, a new and rather trivial model of another\ntype is suggested describing mechanism that violates, according to the same\nprinciples, the zeroth and the second laws of thermodynamics simultaneously. Up\nto a technically minor modification, the model resembles some models already\nknown, solved by standard means, and properly understood. Universal validity of\ntwo basic principles of thermodynamics in strictly quantum situations is thus\nsimultaneously called in question.",
        "positive": "Ensemble Inequivalence in Mean-field Models of Magnetism: Mean-field models, while they can be cast into an {\\it extensive}\nthermodynamic formalism, are inherently {\\it non additive}. This is the basic\nfeature which leads to {\\it ensemble inequivalence} in these models. In this\npaper we study the global phase diagram of the infinite range\nBlume-Emery-Griffiths model both in the {\\it canonical} and in the {\\it\nmicrocanonical} ensembles. The microcanonical solution is obtained both by\ndirect state counting and by the application of large deviation theory. The\ncanonical phase diagram has first order and continuous transition lines\nseparated by a tricritical point. We find that below the tricritical point,\nwhen the canonical transition is first order, the phase diagrams of the two\nensembles disagree. In this region the microcanonical ensemble exhibits energy\nranges with negative specific heat and temperature jumps at transition\nenergies. These two features are discussed in a general context and the\nappropriate Maxwell constructions are introduced. Some preliminary extensions\nof these results to weakly decaying nonintegrable interactions are presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Luttinger equivalence between temperature and curved\n  spacetime: From black hole's atmosphere to thermal quenches: Building on the idea of Tolman and Ehrenfest that heat has weight, Luttinger\nestablished a deep connection between gravitational fields and thermal\ntransport. However, this relation does not include anomalous quantum\nfluctuations that become paramount in strongly curved spacetime. In this work,\nwe revisit the celebrated Tolman-Ehrenfest and Luttinger relations and show how\nto incorporate the quantum energy scales associated with these fluctuations,\ncaptured by gravitational anomalies of quantum field theories. We point out\nthat such anomalous fluctuations naturally occur in the quantum atmosphere of a\nblack hole. Our results reveal that analogous fluctuations are also observable\nin thermal conductors in flat-space time provided local temperature varies\nstrongly. As a consequence, we establish that the gravitational anomalies\nmanifest themselves naturally in non-linear thermal response of a quantum wire.\nIn addition, we propose a systematic way to identify thermal analogues of black\nhole's anomalous quantum fluctuations associated to gravitational anomalies. We\nidentify their signatures in propagating energy waves following a thermal\nquench, as well as in the energy density of heating Floquet states induced by\nrepeated quenches.",
        "positive": "Lifetime of the arrow of time inherent in chaotic eigenstates: case of\n  coupled kicked rotors: A linear oscillator very weakly coupled with the object quantum system is\nproposed as a detector measuring the lifetime of irreversibility exhibited by\nthe system, and classically chaotic coupled kicked rotors are examined as ideal\nexamples. The lifetime increases drastically in close correlation with the\nenhancement of entanglement entropy(EE) between the kicked rotors. In the\ntransition regime to the full entanglement, the EE of individual eigenstates\nfluctuates anomalously, and the lifetime also fluctuates in correlation with\nthe EE. In the fully entangled regime the fluctuation disappear, but the\nlifetime is not yet unique but increases in proportion to the number of\nsuperposed eigenstates and is proportional to the square of Hilbert space\ndimension in the full superposition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The relativistic statistical theory and Kaniadakis entropy: an approach\n  through a molecular chaos hypothesis: We have investigated the proof of the $H$ theorem within a manifestly\ncovariant approach by considering the relativistic statistical theory developed\nin [G. Kaniadakis, Phy. Rev. E {\\bf 66}, 056125, 2002; {\\it ibid.} {\\bf 72},\n036108, 2005]. As it happens in the nonrelativistic limit, the molecular chaos\nhypothesis is slightly extended within the Kaniadakis formalism. It is shown\nthat the collisional equilibrium states (null entropy source term) are\ndescribed by a $\\kappa$ power law generalization of the exponential Juttner\ndistribution, e.g., $f(x,p)\\propto (\\sqrt{1+\n\\kappa^2\\theta^2}+\\kappa\\theta)^{1/\\kappa}\\equiv\\exp_\\kappa\\theta$, with\n$\\theta=\\alpha(x)+\\beta_\\mu p^\\mu$, where $\\alpha(x)$ is a scalar, $\\beta_\\mu$\nis a four-vector, and $p^\\mu$ is the four-momentum. As a simple example, we\ncalculate the relativistic $\\kappa$ power law for a dilute charged gas under\nthe action of an electromagnetic field $F^{\\mu\\nu}$. All standard results are\nreadly recovered in the particular limit $\\kappa\\to 0$.",
        "positive": "Resonant symmetry lifting in a parametrically modulated oscillator: We study a parametrically modulated oscillator that has two stable states of\nvibrations at half the modulation frequency $\\omega_F$. Fluctuations of the\noscillator lead to interstate switching. A comparatively weak additional field\ncan strongly affect the switching rates, because it changes the switching\nactivation energies. The change is linear in the field amplitude. When the\nadditional field frequency $\\omega_d$ is $\\omega_F/2$, the field makes the\npopulations of the vibrational states different thus lifting the states\nsymmetry. If $\\omega_d$ differs from $\\omega_F/2$, the field modulates the\nstate populations at the difference frequency, leading to fluctuation-mediated\nwave mixing. For an underdamped oscillator, the change of the activation energy\ndisplays characteristic resonant peaks as a function of frequency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Work Relations and Response Theory in $\\mathcal{PT}$-Symmetric\n  Quantum Systems: In this work, we show that a universal quantum work relation for a quantum\nsystem driven arbitrarily far from equilibrium extend to\n$\\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quantum system with unbroken $\\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry,\nwhich is a consequence of microscopic reversibility. The quantum Jarzynski\nequality, linear response theory and Onsager reciprocal relations for the\n$\\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quantum system are recovered as special cases of the\nuniversal quantum work relation in $\\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quantum system. In\nthe regime of broken $\\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry, the universal quantum work\nrelation does not hold as the norm is not preserved during the dynamics.",
        "positive": "Origin of combination frequencies in quantum magnetization oscillations\n  of two-dimensional multiband metals: The influence of chemical potential oscillations on the magnetization\noscillations in two-dimensional multiband metals is investigated. In a first\npart, the analytical derivation of Alexandrov and Bratkovsky [Phys. Rev. B\n\\textbf{63}, 033105 (2001)] of magnetic quantum oscillations in two-dimensional\nmultiband metals with a fixed number of electrons is shown to be mathematically\nincorrect ; the chemical potential oscillations appearing in the arguments of\nthe Fourier components were not taken into account. In a second part, we derive\nan approximative Fourier series of the magnetization oscillations in the regime\nof small chemical potential oscillations.\n  The main result is that combination frequencies with significant amplitudes\nare found if the individual band frequencies differ significantly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Denaturation of Heterogeneous DNA: The effect of heterogeneous sequence composition on the denaturation of\ndouble stranded DNA is investigated. The resulting pair-binding energy\nvariation is found to have a negligible effect on the critical properties of\nthe smooth second order melting transition in the simplest (Peyrard-Bishop)\nmodel. However, sequence heterogeneity is dramatically amplified upon adopting\na more realistic treatment of the backbone stiffness. The model yields features\nof ``multi-step melting'' similar to those observed in experiments.",
        "positive": "Reply to \"Comment on 'Thomson rings in a disk' \": We demonstrate that our model [Phys.Rev. E91, 032312 (2015)] serves as a\nuseful tool to trace the evolution of equilibrium configurations of\none-component charged particles confined in a disk. Our approach reduces\nsignificantly the computational effort in minimizing the energy of equilibrium\nconfigurations and demonstrates a remarkable agreement with the values provided\nby molecular dynamics calculations. We show that the Comment misrepresents our\npaper, and fails to provide plausible arguments against the formation hexagonal\nstructure for n>200 in molecular dynamics calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the objective origin of the phase transitions and metastability in\n  many-particle systems: Equilibrium statistical mechanics is intended to link the microscopic\ndynamics of particles to the thermodynamic laws for macroscopic quantities.\nHowever, the modern statistical theory is faced with significant difficulties,\nas applied to description of the macroscopic properties of real condensed media\nwithin wide thermodynamic ranges, including the vicinities of the phase\ntransition points. A particular problem is the absence of metastable states in\nthe Gibbs statistical mechanics of the systems composed of finite number of\nparticles. Nevertheless, accordance between equilibrium statistical mechanics\nand thermodynamics of condensed media is achievable if to take account of the\nmutual correlation (the feedback) between the microscopic properties of\nmolecules and the macrostate of the corresponding medium. This can be done via\nusage of the \"enhanced\" Hamilton operator of the considered many-particle\nsystem, which contains some temperature-dependent term(s), and the following\nintroduction of the generalized equilibrium distribution over microstates. For\nillustration of the reasonableness of the proposed approach (and of its\navailability in practical applications), a cell model of\nmelting/crystallization and metastable supercooled liquid for a water-like\nmedium is presented.",
        "positive": "Brownian systems perturbed by mild shear: Comparing response relations: We present a comprehensive study of the linear response of interacting\nunderdamped Brownian particles to simple shear flow. We collect six different\nroutes for computing the response, two of which are based on the symmetry of\nthe considered system and observable with respect to the shear axes. We include\nthe extension of the Green-Kubo relation to underdamped cases, which shows two\nunexpected additional terms. These six computational methods are applied to\ninvestigate the relaxation of the response towards the steady state for\ndifferent observables, where interesting effects due to interactions and a\nfinite particle mass are observed. Moreover, we compare the different response\nrelations in terms of their statistical efficiency, identifying their relative\ndemand on experimental measurement time or computational resources in computer\nsimulations. Finally, several measures of breakdown of linear response theory\nfor larger shear rates are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Small-angle scattering from fat fractals: A number of experimental small-angle scattering (SAS) data are characterized\nby a succession of power-law decays with arbitrarily decreasing values of\nscattering exponents. To describe such data, here we develop a new theoretical\nmodel based on 3D fat fractals (sets with fractal structure, but nonzero\nvolume) and show how one can extract structural information about the\nunderlying fractal structure. We calculate analytically the monodisperse and\npolydisperse SAS intensity (fractal form factor and structure factor) of a\nnewly introduced model of fat fractals and study its properties in momentum\nspace. The system is a 3D deterministic mass fractal built on an extension of\nthe well-known Cantor fractal. The model allows us to explain a succession of\npower-law decays and respectively, of generalized power-law decays\n(superposition of maxima and minima on a power-law decay) with arbitrarily\ndecreasing scattering exponents in the range from zero to three. We show that\nwithin the model, the present analysis allows us to obtain the edges of all the\nfractal regions in the momentum space, the number of fractal iteration and the\nfractal dimensions and scaling factors at each structural level in the fractal.\nWe applied our model to calculate an analytical expression for the radius of\ngyration of the fractal. The obtained quantities characterizing the fat fractal\nare correlated to variation of scaling factor with the iteration number.",
        "positive": "Coherent propagation of interacting particles in a random potential: the\n  Mechanism of enhancement: Coherent propagation of two interacting particles in $1d$ weak random\npotential is considered. An accurate estimate of the matrix element of\ninteraction in the basis of localized states leads to mapping onto the relevant\nmatrix model. This mapping allows to clarify the mechanism of enhancement of\nthe localization length which turns out to be rather different from the one\nconsidered in the literature. Although the existence of enhancement is\ntransparent, an analytical solution of the matrix model was found only for very\nshort samples. For a more realistic situation numerical simulations were\nperformed. The result of these simulations is consistent with l_{2}/l_1 \\sim\nl_1^{\\gamma} , where $l_1$ and $l_2$ are the single and two particle\nlocalization lengths and the exponent $\\gamma$ depends on the strength of the\ninteraction. In particular, in the limit of strong particle-particle\ninteraction there is no enhancement of the coherent propagation at all ($l_{2}\n\\approx l_1$)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytic representation of critical equations of state: We propose a new form for equations of state (EOS) of thermodynamic systems\nin the Ising universality class. The new EOS guarantees the correct\nuniversality and scaling behavior close to critical points and is formulated in\nterms of the scaling fields only -- unlike the traditional Schofield\nrepresentation, which uses a parametric form. Close to a critical point, the\nnew EOS expresses the square of the strong scaling field $\\Sigma$ as an\nexplicit function $\\Sigma^2=D^{2e_{-1}}\\Gamma(D^{-e_0}\\Theta)$ of the thermal\nscaling field $\\Theta$ and the dependent scaling field $D>0$, with a smooth,\nuniversal function $\\Gamma$ and the universal exponents\n$e_{-1}=\\delta/(\\delta+1)$, $e_0=1/(2-\\alpha)$. A numerical expression for\n$\\Gamma$ is derived, valid close to critical points. As a consequence of the\nconstruction it is shown that the dependent scaling field can be written as an\nexplicit function of the relevant scaling fields without causing strongly\nsingular behavior of the thermodynamic potential in the one-phase region.\nAugmented by additional scaling correction fields, the new EOS also describes\nthe state space further away from critical points. It is indicated how to use\nthe new EOS to model multiphase fluid mixtures, in particular for\nvapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium (VLLE) where the traditional revised scaling\napproach fails.",
        "positive": "Segregation in granular binary mixtures: Thermal diffusion: A recent solution of the inelastic Boltzmann equation that applies for strong\ndissipation and takes into account non-equipartition of energy is used to\nderive an explicit expression for the thermal diffusion factor. This parameter\nprovides a criterion for segregation that involves all the parameters of the\ngranular binary mixture (composition, masses, sizes, and coefficients of\nrestitution). The present work is consistent with recent experimental results\nand extends previous results obtained in the intruder limit case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simulating Cumulus Clouds based on Self-Organized Criticality: Recently it was shown that self-organized criticality is an important\ningredient of the dynamics of cumulus clouds (Physical Review E, 103(5),\np.052106, 2021). Here we introduce a new algorithm to simulate cumulus clouds\nin two-dimensional square lattices, based on two important facts: the cohesive\nenergy of wet air parcels and a sandpile-type diffusion of cloud segments. The\nlatter is realized by considering the evaporation/condensation of air parcels\nin various regions of the cloud, which enables them to diffuse to the\nneighboring regions. The results stemming from this model are in excellent\nagreement with the observational results reported in the above-cited paper,\nwhere the exponents have been obtained for the two-dimensional earth-to-sky RGB\nimages of clouds. The exponents that are obtained at the lowest condensation\nlevel in our model are consistent with the observational exponents. We observed\nthat the cloud fields that we obtain from our model are fractal, with the outer\nperimeter having a fractal dimension of $D_f = 1.25 \\pm 0.01$. Furthermore, the\ndistributions of the radius of gyration and the loop length follow a power-law\nfunction with exponents $\\tau_r = 2.3 \\pm 0.1$ and $\\tau_l = 2.1 \\pm 0.1$,\nrespectively. The loop Green function is found to be logarithmic with the\nradius of gyration of the loops following the observational results. The\nwinding angle statistic of the external perimeter of the cloud field is also\nanalyzed, showing an exponent in agreement with the fractal dimension, which\nmay serve as the conformal invariance of the system.",
        "positive": "Unitary preparation of many body Chern insulators: Adiabatic bulk\n  boundary correspondence: We approach the long-standing problem of preparing an out-of-equilibrium\nmany-body Chern insulator (CI) and associated bulk-boundary correspondence\nunitarily. Herein, this is addressed by constructing a dynamical many-body\nChern invariant exploiting the property of the bulk macroscopic electric\npolarisation (Resta polarisation) of the CI. This Chern invariant defined from\nobservable correlations is also established to topologically classify many body\nChern states in equilibrium. The non-equilibrium behavior of the invariant is\nprobed by ramping the paradigmatic Haldane model of graphene from its trivial\nto the topological phase. We show that a non-linear ramp may work more\nefficiently in approaching the topological state, thereby establishing the\nexistence of an optimal topological state preparation. Furthermore, to ensure\nthe near adiabatic dynamics across the quantum critical point, we propose a\nnovel counter-diabatic scheme. The topological nature of the prepared state is\nfirmly established by observing an emerging $U(1)$ topological charge. We also\ncompute the edge current in the time evolved state of the system under a\nsemi-periodic boundary condition and clearly establish an adiabatic\nbulk-boundary correspondence which firmly ensconces the validity of the\nmany-body invariant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviations for the Pearson family of ergodic diffusion processes\n  involving a quadratic diffusion coefficient and a linear force: The Pearson family of ergodic diffusions with a quadratic diffusion\ncoefficient and a linear force are characterized by explicit dynamics of their\ninteger moments and by explicit relaxation spectral properties towards their\nsteady state. Besides the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with a Gaussian steady\nstate, the other representative examples of the Pearson family are the\nSquare-Root or the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process converging towards the\nGamma-distribution, the Jacobi process converging towards the\nBeta-distribution, the reciprocal-Gamma process (corresponding to an\nexponential functional of the Brownian motion) that converges towards the\nInverse-Gamma-distribution, the Fisher-Snedecor process, and the Student\nprocess, so that the last three steady states display heavy-tails. The goal of\nthe present paper is to analyze the large deviations properties of these\nvarious diffusion processes in a unified framework. We first consider the Level\n1 concerning time-averaged observables over a large time-window $T$ : we write\nthe first rescaled cumulants for generic observables and we identify the\nspecific observables whose large deviations can be explicitly computed from the\ndominant eigenvalue of the appropriate deformed-generator. The explicit large\ndeviations at Level 2 concerning the time-averaged density are then used to\nanalyze the statistical inference of model parameters from data on a very long\nstochastic trajectory in order to obtain the explicit rate function for the two\ninferred parameters of the Pearson linear force.",
        "positive": "Oscillatory Instabilities in 3-Dimensional Frictional Granular Matter: The dynamics of amorphous granular matter with frictional interactions cannot\nbe derived in general from a Hamiltonian and therefore displays oscillatory\ninstabilities stemming from the onset of complex eigenvalues in the stability\nmatrix. These instabilities were discovered in the context of one and two\ndimensional systems, while the three dimensional case was never studied in\ndetail. Here we fill this gap by deriving and demonstrating the presence of\noscillatory instabilities in a three dimensional granular packing. We study\nbinary assemblies of spheres of two sizes interacting via classical Hertz and\nMindlin force laws for the longitudinal and tangent interactions, respectively.\nWe formulate analytically the stability matrix in 3D and observe that a couple\nof complex eigenvalues emerges at the onset of the instability as in the case\nof frictional disks in two-dimensions. The dynamics then shows oscillatory\nexponential growth in the Mean-Square-Displacement, followed by a catastrophic\nevent. The generality of these results for any choice of forces that break the\nsymplectic Hamiltonian symmetry is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pseudo-epsilon expansion and the two-dimensional Ising model: Starting from the five-loop renormalization-group expansions for the\ntwo-dimensional Euclidean scalar \\phi^4 field theory (field-theoretical version\nof two-dimensional Ising model), pseudo-\\epsilon expansions for the Wilson\nfixed point coordinate g*, critical exponents, and the sextic effective\ncoupling constant g_6 are obtained. Pseudo-\\epsilon expansions for g*, inverse\nsusceptibility exponent \\gamma, and g_6 are found to possess a remarkable\nproperty - higher-order terms in these expansions turn out to be so small that\naccurate enough numerical estimates can be obtained using simple Pade\napproximants, i. e. without addressing resummation procedures based upon the\nBorel transformation.",
        "positive": "The power-spectrum tensor in steady-state systems and its role in\n  quantum friction: For systems in equilibrium, quantum statistical physics provides a number of\ngeneral theorems and relations that are not tied to specific microscopic\nmodels, one example being the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Much less is\nknown for nonequilibrium situations. In this work, we discuss certain\nproperties of the power-spectrum tensor for systems in general steady-states,\ni.e. stationary states not necessarily corresponding to equilibrium\nconfigurations. In our analyses, we do not make any direct connection to\nspecific models for the underlying microscopic dynamics and, therefore, our\nresults can be applied to a large variety of systems. We also connect the\npower-spectrum tensor to other quantities that characterize these systems and,\nwhere appropriate, compare with the equilibrium counterparts. As an\napplication, we consider the specific problem of quantum friction, where, at\nzero temperature, a contactless quantum-electrodynamic drag force acts on a\nparticle that moves in close proximity to an arrangement of material bodies.\nSpecifically, we show how the additional information about the system's physics\nfacilitates the derivation of more precise constraints on the power spectrum\nand its functional dependencies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics towards the Feigenbaum attractor: We expose at a previously unknown level of detail the features of the\ndynamics of trajectories that either evolve towards the Feigenbaum attractor or\nare captured by its matching repellor. Amongst these features are the\nfollowing: i) The set of preimages of the attractor and of the repellor are\nembedded (dense) into each other. ii) The preimage layout is obtained as the\nlimiting form of the rank structure of the fractal boundaries between attractor\nand repellor positions for the family of supercycle attractors. iii) The joint\nset of preimages for each case form an infinite number of families of\nwell-defined phase-space gaps in the attractor or in the repellor. iv) The gaps\nin each of these families can be ordered with decreasing width in accord to\npower laws and are seen to appear sequentially in the dynamics generated by\nuniform distributions of initial conditions. v) The power law with log-periodic\nmodulation associated to the rate of approach of trajectories towards the\nattractor (and to the repellor) is explained in terms of the progression of gap\nformation. vi) The relationship between the law of rate of convergence to the\nattractor and the inexhaustible hierarchy feature of the preimage structure is\nelucidated.",
        "positive": "Droplet condensation in the lattice gas with density functional theory: A density functional for the lattice gas (Ising model) from fundamental\nmeasure theory is applied to the problem of droplet states in\nthree-dimensional, finite systems. Similar to previous simulation studies, the\nsequence of droplets changing to cylinders and to planar slabs is found upon\nincreasing the average density $\\bar\\rho$ in the system. Owing to the\ndiscreteness of the lattice, additional effects in the state curve for the\nchemical potential $\\mu(\\bar\\rho)$ are seen upon lowering the temperature away\nfrom the critical temperature (oscillations in $\\mu(\\bar\\rho)$ in the slab\nportion and spiky undulations in $\\mu(\\bar\\rho)$ in the cylinder portion as\nwell as an undulatory behavior of the radius of the surface of tension $R_s$ in\nthe droplet region). This behavior in the cylinder and droplet region is\nrelated to washed-out layering transitions at the surface of liquid cylinders\nand droplets. The analysis of the large-radius behavior of the surface tension\n$\\gamma(R_s)$ gave a dominant contribution $\\propto 1/R_s^2$, although the\nconsistency of $\\gamma(R_s)$ with the asymptotic behavior of the\nradius-dependent Tolman length seems to suggest a weak logarithmic contribution\n$\\propto \\ln R_s/R_s^2$ in $\\gamma(R_s)$. The coefficient of this logarithmic\nterm is smaller than a universal value derived with field-theoretic methods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic method for accommodation of equilibrating basins in kinetic\n  Monte Carlo simulations: A computationally simple way to accommodate 'basins' of trapping sites in\nstandard kinetic Monte Carlo simulations is presented. By assuming the system\nis effectively equilibrated in the basin, the residence time (time spent in the\nbasin before escape) and the probabilities for transition to states outside the\nbasin may be calculated. This is demonstrated for point defect diffusion over a\nperiodic grid of sites containing a complex basin.",
        "positive": "Structures of simple liquids in contact with nanosculptured surfaces: We present a density functional study of Lennard-Jones liquids in contact\nwith a nano-corrugated wall. The corresponding substrate potential is taken to\nexhibit a repulsive hard core and a van der Waals attraction. The corrugation\nis modeled by a periodic array of square nano-pits. We have used the modified\nRosenfeld density functional in order to study the interfacial structure of\nthese liquids which with respect to their thermodynamic bulk state are\nconsidered to be deep inside their liquid phase. We find that already\nconsiderably below the packing fraction of bulk freezing of these liquids,\ninside the nanopits a three-dimensional-like density localization sets in. If\nthe sizes of the pits are commensurate with the packing requirements, we\nobserve high density spots separated from each other in all spatial directions\nby liquid of comparatively very low density. The number, shape, size, and\ndensity of these high density spots depend sensitively on the depth and width\nof the pits. Outside the pits, only layering is observed; above the pit\nopenings these layers are distorted with the distortion reaching up to a few\nmolecular diameters. We discuss quantitatively how this density localization is\naffected by the geometrical features of the pits and how it evolves upon\nincreasing the bulk packing fraction. Our results are transferable to colloidal\nsystems and pit dimensions corresponding to several diameters of the colloidal\nparticles. For such systems the predicted unfolding of these structural changes\ncan be studied experimentally on much larger length scales and more directly\n(e.g., optically) than for molecular fluids which typically call for\nsophisticated X-ray scattering."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Merged Potts-Clock Model: Algebraic and Conventional Multistructured\n  Multicritical Orderings in Two and Three Dimensions: A spin system is studied, with simultaneous permutation-symmetric Potts and\nspin-rotation-symmetric clock interactions, in spatial dimensions d=2 and 3.\nThe global phase diagram is calculated from the renormalizaton-group solution\nwith the recently improved (spontaneous first-order detecting) Migdal-Kadanoff\napproximation or, equivalently, with hierarchical lattices with the inclusion\nof effective vacancies. Five different ordered phases are found: conventionally\nordered ferromagnetic, quadrupolar, antiferromagnetic phases and algebraically\nordered antiferromagnetic, antiquadrupolar phases. These five different ordered\nphases and the disordered phase are mutually bounded by first- and second-order\nphase transitions, themselves delimited by multicritical points: inverted\nbicritical, zero-temperature bicritical, tricritical, second-order bifurcation,\nand zero-temperature highly degenerate multicritical points. One rich phase\ndiagram topology exhibits all of these phenomena.",
        "positive": "Coarse-graining via the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and\n  large-deviation theory: The fluctuation-dissipation theorem is a central result in statistical\nmechanics and is usually formulated for systems described by diffusion\nprocesses. In this paper, we propose a generalization for a wider class of\nstochastic processes, namely the class of Markov processes that satisfy\ndetailed balance and a large-deviation principle. The generalized\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem characterizes the deterministic limit of such a\nMarkov process as a generalized gradient flow, a mathematical tool to model a\npurely irreversible dynamics via a dissipation potential and an entropy\nfunction: these are expressed in terms of the large-deviation dynamic rate\nfunction of the Markov process and its stationary distribution. We exploit the\ngeneralized fluctuation-dissipation theorem to develop a new method of\ncoarse-graining and test it in the context of the passage from the diffusion in\na double-well potential to the jump process that describes the simple reaction\n$A \\rightleftarrows B$ (Kramers' escape problem)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamic Diffusion in Integrable Systems: We show that hydrodynamic diffusion is generically present in many-body\ninteracting integrable models. We extend the recently developed generalised\nhydrodynamic (GHD) to include terms of Navier-Stokes type which lead to\npositive entropy production and diffusive relaxation mechanisms. These terms\nprovide the subleading diffusive corrections to Euler-scale GHD for the\nlarge-scale non-equilibrium dynamics of integrable systems, and arise due to\ntwo-body scatterings among quasiparticles. We give exact expressions for the\ndiffusion coefficients. Our results apply to a large class of integrable\nmodels, including quantum and classical, Galilean and relativistic field\ntheories, chains and gases in one dimension, such as the Lieb-Liniger model\ndescribing cold atom gases and the Heisenberg quantum spin chain. We provide\nnumerical evaluations in the Heisenberg spin chain, both for the spin diffusion\nconstant, and for the diffusive effects during the melting of a small domain\nwall of spins, finding excellent agreement with tDMRG numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Information break of time symmetry in the macroscopic limit: The evident contrast between the time symmetry of fundamental microscopic\nlaws and the time asymmetry of macroscopic processes is a challenging physical\nproblem. The observation of unitary evolution of a general physical system by\nan idealized observer whose recording and processing information is time\nneutral is studied in a full information context. In the macroscopic limit, a\ncontradiction between observations and predictions done at different times\nappears. It implies that the observer cannot read records performed at times\nwhen the entropy of the system is larger."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Infinite ergodic theory for three heterogeneous stochastic models with\n  application to subrecoil laser cooling: We compare ergodic properties of the kinetic energy for three stochastic\nmodels of subrecoil-laser-cooled gases. One model is based on a heterogeneous\nrandom walk (HRW), another is an HRW with long-range jumps (the exponential\nmodel), and the other is a mean-field-like approximation of the exponential\nmodel (the deterministic model). All the models show an accumulation of the\nmomentum at zero in the long-time limit, and a formal steady state cannot be\nnormalized, i.e., there exists an infinite invariant density. We obtain the\nexact form of the infinite invariant density and the scaling function for the\nexponential and deterministic models and devise a useful approximation for the\nmomentum distribution in the HRW model. While the models are kinetically\nnon-identical, it is natural to wonder whether their ergodic properties share\ncommon traits, given that they are all described by an infinite invariant\ndensity. We show that the answer to this question depends on the type of\nobservable under study. If the observable is integrable, the ergodic properties\nsuch as the statistical behavior of the time averages are universal as they are\ndescribed by the Darling-Kac theorem. In contrast, for non-integrable\nobservables, the models in general exhibit non-identical statistical laws. This\nimplies that focusing on non-integrable observables, we discover non-universal\nfeatures of the cooling process, that hopefully can lead to a better\nunderstanding of the particular model most suitable for a statistical\ndescription of the process. This result is expected to hold true for many other\nsystems, beyond laser cooling.",
        "positive": "A Fractional Diffusion Equation for an n-Dimensional Correlated Levy\n  Walk: Levy walks define a fundamental concept in random walk theory which allows\none to model diffusive spreading that is faster than Brownian motion. They have\nmany applications across different disciplines. However, so far the derivation\nof a diffusion equation for an n-dimensional correlated Levy walk remained\nelusive. Starting from a fractional Klein-Kramers equation here we use a moment\nmethod combined with a Cattaneo approximation to derive a fractional diffusion\nequation for superdiffusive short range auto-correlated Levy walks in the large\ntime limit, and solve it. Our derivation discloses different dynamical\nmechanisms leading to correlated Levy walk diffusion in terms of quantities\nthat can be measured experimentally."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diploid versus Haploid Organisms: Using a bit string model, we show that asexual reproduction for diploids is\nmore efficient than for haploids: it improves genetic material producing new\nindividuals with less deleterious mutations. We also see that in a system where\ncompetition is present, diploids dominate, even though we consider some\ndominant loci.",
        "positive": "Multi-Dimensional Elephant Random Walk with Coupled Memory: The elephant random walk (ERW) is a microscopic, one-dimensional,\ndiscrete-time, non-Markovian random walk, which can lead to anomalous diffusion\ndue to memory effects. In this study, I propose a multi-dimensional\ngeneralization in which the probability of taking a step in a certain direction\ndepends on the previous steps in other directions. The original model is\ngeneralized in a straightforward manner by introducing coefficients that couple\nthe probability of moving in one direction with the previous steps in all\ndirections. I motivate the model by first introducing a two-elephant system and\nthen elucidating it with a specific coupling. With the explicit calculation of\nthe first moments, I show the existence of two newsworthy relative movement\nbehaviours: one in which one elephant follows the other, and another in which\nthey go in opposite directions. With the aid of a Fokker-Planck equation, the\nsecond moment is evaluated and two new super-diffusion regimes appear, not\nfound in other ERWs. Then, I re-interpret the equations as a bidimensional\nelephant random walk model, and further generalize it to $N-$dimensions. I\nargue that the introduction of coupling coefficients is a way of extending any\none-dimensional ERW to many dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Symmetry-induced fluctuation relations for dynamical observables\n  irrespective of their behaviour under time-reversal: We extend previous work to describe a class of fluctuation relations (FRs)\nthat emerge as a consequence of symmetries at the level of stochastic\ntrajectories in Markov chains. We prove that given such a symmetry, and for a\nsuitable dynamical observable, it is always possible to obtain a FR under a\nbiased dynamics corresponding to the so-called generalized Doob transform. The\ngeneral transformations of the dynamics that we consider go beyond\ntime-reversal or spatial isometries, and an implication is the existence of FRs\nfor observables irrespective of their behaviour under time-reversal, for\nexample for time-symmetric observables rather than currents. We further show\nhow to deduce in the long-time limit these FRs from the symmetry properties of\nthe generator of the dynamics. We illustrate our results with four examples\nthat highlight the novel features of our work.",
        "positive": "Estimation of critical behavior from the density of states in Classical\n  Statistical Models: We present a simple and efficient approximation scheme which greatly\nfacilitates extension of Wang-Landau sampling (or similar techniques) in large\nsystems for the estimation of critical behavior. The method, presented in an\nalgorithmic approach, is based on a very simple idea, familiar in statistical\nmechanics from the notion of thermodynamic equivalence of ensembles and the\ncentral limit theorem. It is illustrated that, we can predict with high\naccuracy the critical part of the energy space and by using this restricted\npart we can extend our simulations to larger systems and improve accuracy of\ncritical parameters. It is proposed that the extensions of the finite size\ncritical part of the energy space, determining the specific heat, satisfy a\nscaling law involving the thermal critical exponent. The method is applied\nsuccessfully for the estimation of the scaling behavior of specific heat of\nboth square and simple cubic Ising lattices. The proposed scaling law is\nverified by estimating the thermal critical exponent from the finite size\nbehavior of the critical part of the energy space. The density of states (DOS)\nof the zero-field Ising model on these lattices is obtained via a multi-range\nWang-Landau sampling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discretisation effects and the influence of walking speed in cellular\n  automata models for pedestrian dynamics: We study discretisation effects in cellular automata models for pedestrian\ndynamics by reducing the cell size. Then a particle occupies more than one cell\nwhich leads to subtle effects in the dynamics, e.g. non-local conflict\nsituations. Results from computer simulations of the floor field model are\ncompared with empirical findings. Furthermore the influence of increasing the\nmaximal walking speed $v_{{\\rm max}}$ is investigated by increasing the\ninteraction range beyond nearest neighbour interactions. The extension of the\nmodel to $v_{{\\rm max}}>1$ turns out to be a severe challenge which can be\nsolved in different ways. Four major variants are discussed that take into\naccount different dynamical aspects. The variation of $v_{{\\rm max}}$ has\nstrong influence on the shape of the flow-density relation. We show that\nwalking speeds $v_{{\\rm max}}>1$ lead to results which are in very good\nagreement with empirical data.",
        "positive": "Modelling share volume traded in financial markets: A simple analytically solvable model exhibiting a 1/f spectrum in an\narbitrarily wide frequency range was recently proposed by Kaulakys and\nMeskauskas (KM). Signals consisting of a sequence of pulses show that inherent\norigin of the 1/f noise is Brownian fluctuations of the average intervent time\nbetween subsequent pulses of the pulse sequence. We generalize the KM model to\nreproduce the variety of self-affine time series exhibiting power spectral\ndensity S(f) scaled as power of their frequency f. Numerical calculations with\nthe generalized discrete model (GDM) reproduce power spectral density S(f)\nscaled as power of frequency 1/f^b for various values of b, including b =1/2\nfor applications in financial markets. The particular applications of the model\nproposed are related with financial time series of share volume traded."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collective modes and ballistic expansion of a Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC\n  crossover: We evaluate the frequencies of collective modes and the anisotropic expansion\nrate of a harmonically trapped Fermi superfluid at varying coupling strengths\nacross a Feshbach resonance driving a BCS-BEC crossover. The equations of\nmotion for the superfluid are obtained from a microscopic mean-field expression\nfor the compressibility and are solved within a scaling ansatz. Our results\nconfirm non-monotonic behavior in the crossover region and are in quantitative\nagreement with current measurements of the transverse breathing mode by Kinast\n{\\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 92}, 150402 (2004)] and of the axial\nbreathing mode by Bartenstein {\\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 92}, 203201\n(2004)].",
        "positive": "Diffusion-limited deposition of dipolar particles: Deposits of dipolar particles are investigated by means of extensive Monte\nCarlo simulations. We found that the effect of the interactions is described by\nan initial, non-universal, scaling regime characterized by orientationally\nordered deposits. In the dipolar regime, the order and geometry of the clusters\ndepend on the strength of the interactions and the magnetic properties are\ntunable by controlling the growth conditions. At later stages, the growth is\ndominated by thermal effects and the diffusion-limited universal regime\nobtains, at finite temperatures. At low temperatures the crossover size\nincreases exponentially as T decreases and at T=0 only the dipolar regime is\nobserved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fast calculation of thermodynamic and structural parameters of solutions\n  using the 3DRISM model and the multi-grid method: In the paper a new method to solve the tree-dimensional reference interaction\nsite model (3DRISM) integral equations is proposed. The algorithm uses the\nmulti-grid technique which allows to decrease the computational expanses.\n3DRISM calculations for aqueous solutions of four compounds (argon, water,\nmethane, methanol) on the different grids are performed in order to determine a\ndependence of the computational error on the parameters of the grid. It is\nshown that calculations on the grid with the step 0.05\\Angstr and buffer\n8\\Angstr give the error of solvation free energy calculations less than 0.3\nkcal/mol which is comparable to the accuracy of the experimental measurements.\nThe performance of the algorithm is tested. It is shown that the proposed\nalgorithm is in average more than 12 times faster than the standard Picard\ndirect iteration method.",
        "positive": "Strange nonchaotic attractor in a dynamical system under periodic\n  forcing: We observe the occurrence of a strange nonchaotic attractor in a periodically\ndriven two-dimensional map, formerly proposed as a neuron model and a sequence\ngenerator. We characterize this attractor through the study of the Lyapunov\nexponents, fractal dimension, autocorrelation function and power spectrum. The\nstrange nonchaotic attractor in this model is a typical behavior, occupying a\nfinite range of the parameter space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chromatic Polynomials and their Zeros and Asymptotic Limits for Families\n  of Graphs: Let $P(G,q)$ be the chromatic polynomial for coloring the $n$-vertex graph\n$G$ with $q$ colors, and define $W=\\lim_{n \\to \\infty}P(G,q)^{1/n}$. Besides\ntheir mathematical interest, these functions are important in statistical\nphysics. We give a comparative discussion of exact calculations of $P$ and $W$\nfor a variety of recursive families of graphs, including strips of regular\nlattices with various boundary conditions and homeomorphic expansions thereof.\nGeneralizing to $q \\in {\\mathbb C}$, we determine the accumulation sets of the\nchromatic zeros constituting the continuous loci of points on which $W$ is\nnonanalytic. Various families of graphs with the property that the chromatic\nzeros and/or their accumulation sets (i) include support for $Re(q) < 0$; (ii)\nbound regions and pass through $q=0$; and (iii) are noncompact are discussed,\nand the role of boundary conditions is analyzed. Some corresponding results are\npresented for Potts model partition functions for nonzero temperature,\nequivalent to the full Tutte polynomials for various families of graphs.",
        "positive": "On a relation between roughening and coarsening: We argue that a strict relation exists between two in principle unrelated\nquantities: The size of the growing domains in a coarsening system, and the\nkinetic roughening of an interface. This relation is confirmed by extensive\nsimulations of the Ising model with different forms of quenched disorder, such\nas random bonds, random fields and stochastic dilution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exit probability in inflow dynamics: nonuniversality induced by range,\n  asymmetry and fluctuation: Probing deeper into the existing issues regarding the exit probability (EP)\nin one dimensional dynamical models, we consider several models where the\nstates are represented by Ising spins and the information flows inwards. At\nzero temperature, these systems evolve to either of two absorbing states. The\nexit probability $E(x)$, which is the probability that the system ends up with\nall spins up starting with $x$ fraction of up spins is found to have the\ngeneral form $E(x) = x^\\alpha/\\left[x^\\alpha + (1-x)^\\alpha\\right]$. The exit\nprobability exponent $\\alpha$ strongly depends on $r$, the range of\ninteraction, the symmetry of the model and the induced fluctuation. Even in a\nnearest neighbour model, nonlinear form of EP can be obtained by controlling\nthe fluctuations and for the same range, different models give different\nresults for $\\alpha$. Non-universal behaviour of the exit probability is thus\nclearly established and the results are compared to existing studies in models\nwith outflow dynamics to distinguish the two dynamical scenarios.",
        "positive": "Molecular ratchets - verification of the principle of detailed balance: We argue that the recent experiments of Kelly et. al.(Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.\nEngl. 36, 1866 (1997)) on molecular ratchets, in addition to being in agreement\nwith the second law of thermodynamics, is a test of the principle of detailed\nbalance for the ratchet. We suggest new experiments, using an asymmetric\nratchet, to further test the principle. We also point out methods involving a\ntime variation of the temperature to to give it a directional motion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transition between metastable equilibria: applications to binary-choice\n  games: Transitions between metastable equilibria in the low-temperature phase of\ndynamical Ising game with activity spillover are studied in the infinite time\nlimit. It is shown that exponential enhancement due to activity spillover,\nwhich takes place in finite-time transitions, is absent in the infinite time\nlimit. In order to demonstrate that, the analytical description for infinite\ntime trajectory is developed. An analytical approach to estimate the\nprobability of transition between metastable equilibria in the infinite time\nlimit is introduced and its results are compared with those of kinetic Monte\nCarlo simulation. Our study sheds light on the dynamics of the Ising game and\nhas implications for the understanding of transitions between metastable states\nin complex systems.",
        "positive": "Renyi Entropy of Interacting Thermal Bosons in Large $N$ Approximation: Using a Wigner function based approach, we study the Renyi entropy of a\nsubsystem $A$ of a system of Bosons interacting with a local repulsive\npotential. The full system is assumed to be in thermal equilibrium at a\ntemperature $T$ and density $\\rho$. For a ${\\cal U}(N)$ symmetric model, we\nshow that the Renyi entropy of the system in the large $N$ limit can be\nunderstood in terms of an effective non-interacting system with a spatially\nvarying mean field potential, which has to be determined self consistently. The\nRenyi entropy is the sum of two terms: (a) Renyi entropy of this effective\nsystem and (b) the difference in thermal free energy between the effective\nsystem and the original translation invariant system, scaled by $T$. We\ndetermine the self consistent equation for this effective potential within a\nsaddle point approximation. We use this formalism to look at one and two\ndimensional Bose gases on a lattice. In both cases, the potential profile is\nthat of a square well, taking one value in the subsystem $A$ and a different\nvalue outside it. The potential varies in space near the boundary of the\nsubsystem $A$ on the scale of density-density correlation length. The effect of\ninteraction on the entanglement entropy density is determined by the ratio of\nthe potential barrier to the temperature and peaks at an intermediate\ntemperature, while the high and low temperature regimes are dominated by the\nnon-interacting answer."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium thermodynamics at the microscale: Work relations and the\n  second law: For macroscopic systems, the second law of thermodynamics establishes an\ninequality between the amount of work performed on a system in contact with a\nthermal reservoir, and the change in its free energy. For microscopic systems,\nthis result must be considered statistically, as fluctuations around average\nbehavior become substantial. In recent years it has become recognized that\nthese fluctuations satisfy a number of strong and unexpected relations, which\nremain valid even when the system is driven far from equilibrium. We discuss\nthese relations, and consider what they reveal about the second law of\nthermodynamics and the nature of irreversibility at the microscale.",
        "positive": "Chiral Random Matrix Models: A Novel Intermediate Asymptotic Regime: The Chiral Random Matrix Model or the Gaussian Penner Model (generalized\nLaguerre ensemble) is re-examined in the light of the results which have been\nfound in double well matrix models [D97,BD99] and subtleties discovered in the\nsingle well matrix models [BH99]. The orthogonal polynomial method is used to\nextend the universality to include non-polynomial potentials. The new\nasymptotic ansatz is derived (different from Szego's result) using saddle point\ntechniques. The density-density correlators are the same as that found for the\ndouble well models ref. [BD99] (there the results have been derived for\narbitrary potentials). In the smoothed large N limit they are sensitive to odd\nand even N where N is the size of the matrix [BD99]. This is a more realistic\nrandom matrix model of mesoscopic systems with density of eigenvalues with\ngaps. The eigenvalues see a brick-wall potential at the origin. This would\ncorrespond to sharp edges in a real mesoscopic system or a reflecting boundary.\nHence the results for the two-point density-density correlation function may be\nuseful in finding one eigenvalue effects in experiments in mesoscopic systems\nor small metallic grains. These results may also be relevant for studies of\nstructural glasses as described in ref. [D02]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte-Carlo analysis of critical properties of the two-dimensional\n  randomly site-diluted Ising model via Wang-Landau algorithm: The influence of random site dilution on the critical properties of the\ntwo-dimensional Ising model on a square lattice was explored by Monte Carlo\nsimulations with the Wang-Landau sampling. The lattice linear size was $L =\n20-120$ and the concentration of diluted sites $q=0.1, 0.2, 0.3$. Its pure\nversion displays a second-order phase transition with a vanishing specific heat\ncritical exponent $\\alpha$, thus, the Harris criterion is inconclusive, in that\ndisorder is a relevant or irrelevant perturbation for the critical behavior of\nthe pure system. The main effort was focused on the specific heat and magnetic\nsusceptibility. We have also looked at the probability distribution of\nsusceptibility, pseudocritical temperatures and specific heat for assessing\nself-averaging. The study was carried out in appropriate restricted but\ndominant energy subspaces. By applying the finite-size scaling analysis, the\ncorrelation length exponent $\\nu$ was found to be greater than one, whereas the\nratio of the critical exponents ($\\alpha /\\nu$) is negative and ($\\gamma /\\nu$)\nretains its pure Ising model value supporting weak universality.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in a 2D Ferromagnetic Spins with\n  Effective Interactions: We investigate nonequilibrium phase transitions in a 2D ferromagnetic Ising\nmodel on a square lattice with effective interactions using Monte Carlo-based\ncomputational algorithms. We verify the effective parameter $h$ by employing\nmean-field theory and derive self-consistent equations (SCEs) using two\nfamiliar dynamics: Metropolis and Glauber. For $-1<h<1$, both dynamics are\nexpected to estimate the same SCE. We find the relation between $T_{c}$ and\n$T_{c}^{0}$ where $T_{c}$ ($T_{c}^{0}$) is the critical temperature of the\nmodel with (without) the effective interactions. Here, $T_{c}^{0}$ refers to\nthe well-known analytical result of the equilibrium Ising model. We perform the\nsimulations for different lattice sizes that enable us to measure physical\nquantities of interest. From numerical data, we determine $T_{c}$ and relevant\nexponents for various values of $h$ by employing finite-size scaling (FSS). We\nfind that the FSS result of $T_{c}$, which is quite different from $T_{c}^{0}$,\nis in agreement with that of its analytical result, and the accuracy is good\nregardless of the types of model. The numerical results of the exponents are\nconsistent with the analytical values of the equilibrium 2D Ising model, which\nbelongs to the same universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Novel Dynamics and Thermodynamics in systems with long range\n  interactions: Systems with long range interactions display some anomalies when its dynamics\nand thermodynamics are studied below certain conditions. Among these anomalies\nare the quasi- stationary states, which are exacerbated because of special\ninitial conditions that are used here. We present in this letter a new\nHamiltonian whose potential is inspired in the two-dipole interaction. An\nanalytical solution is obtained for the equilibrium in the canonical ensemble\nthat is coincident with the one obtained from computational simulations.\nHowever, results from this model presents a kind of nonequivalence of ensembles\nin long-living states before arriving to equilibrium. Thus, a complete\ncharacterization is made for the nonequilibrium through molecular dynamics. In\nwhich, novel quasi-stationary states are observed due to the long range\ninteractions.",
        "positive": "Energy constrained sandpile models: We study two driven dynamical systems with conserved energy. The two automata\ncontain the basic dynamical rules of the Bak, Tang and Wiesenfeld sandpile\nmodel. In addition a global constraint on the energy contained in the lattice\nis imposed. In the limit of an infinitely slow driving of the system, the\nconserved energy $E$ becomes the only parameter governing the dynamical\nbehavior of the system. Both models show scale free behavior at a critical\nvalue $E_c$ of the fixed energy. The scaling with respect to the relevant\nscaling field points out that the developing of critical correlations is in a\ndifferent universality class than self-organized critical sandpiles. Despite\nthis difference, the activity (avalanche) probability distributions appear to\ncoincide with the one of the standard self-organized critical sandpile."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster Algorithm Renormalization Group Study of Universal Fluctuations\n  in the 2D Ising Model: In this paper we propose a novel method to study critical systems numerically\nby a combined collective-mode algorithm and Renormalization Group on the\nlattice. This method is an improved version of MCRG in the sense that it has\nall the advantages of cluster algorithms. As an application we considered the\n2D Ising model and studied wether scale invariance or universality are possible\nunderlying mechanisms responsible for the approximate \"universal fluctuations\"\nclose to a so-called bulk temperature $T^*(L)$. \"Universal fluctuations\" was\nfirst proposed in [1] and stated that the probability density function of a\nglobal quantity for very dissimilar systems, like a confined turbulent flow and\na 2D magnetic system, properly normalized to the first two moments, becomes\nsimilar to the \"universal distribution\", originally obtained for the\nmagnetization in the 2D XY model in the low temperature region. The results for\nthe critical exponents and the renormalization group flow of the probability\ndensity function are very accurate and show no evidence to support that the\napproximate common shape of the PDF should be related to both scale invariance\nor universal behavior.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation-Dissipation relations in Driven Granular Gases: We study the dynamics of a 2d driven inelastic gas, by means of Direct\nSimulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) techniques, i.e. under the assumption of\nMolecular Chaos. Under the effect of a uniform stochastic driving in the form\nof a white noise plus a friction term, the gas is kept in a non-equilibrium\nSteady State characterized by fractal density correlations and non-Gaussian\ndistributions of velocities; the mean squared velocity, that is the so-called\n{\\em granular temperature}, is lower than the bath temperature. We observe that\na modified form of the Kubo relation, which relates the autocorrelation and the\nlinear response for the dynamics of a system {\\em at equilibrium}, still holds\nfor the off-equilibrium, though stationary, dynamics of the systems under\ninvestigation. Interestingly, the only needed modification to the equilibrium\nKubo relation is the replacement of the equilibrium temperature with an\neffective temperature, which results equal to the global granular temperature.\nWe present two independent numerical experiment, i.e. two different observables\nare studied: (a) the staggered density current, whose response to an impulsive\nshear is proportional to its autocorrelation in the unperturbed system and (b)\nthe response of a tracer to a small constant force, switched on at time $t_w$,\nwhich is proportional to the mean-square displacement in the unperturbed\nsystem. Both measures confirm the validity of Kubo's formula, provided that the\ngranular temperature is used as the proportionality factor between response and\nautocorrelation, at least for not too large inelasticities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random Number Generators: A Survival Guide for Large Scale Simulations: Monte Carlo simulations are an important tool in statistical physics, complex\nsystems science, and many other fields. An increasing number of these\nsimulations is run on parallel systems ranging from multicore desktop computers\nto supercomputers with thousands of CPUs. This raises the issue of generating\nlarge amounts of random numbers in a parallel application. In this lecture we\nwill learn just enough of the theory of pseudo random number generation to make\nwise decisions on how to choose and how to use random number generators when it\ncomes to large scale, parallel simulations.",
        "positive": "Influence of transverse field on the spin-3/2 Blume-Capel model on\n  rectangular lattice: Transverse field effect on thermodynamic properties of the spin-3/2\nBlume-Capel model on rectangular lattice in which the interactions in\nperpendicular directions differ in signs is studied within the mean field\napproximation. Phase diagrams in the (transverse field, temperature) plane are\nconstructed for various values of single-ion anisotropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium shear viscosity computations with Langevin dynamics: We study the mathematical properties of a nonequilibrium Langevin dynamics\nwhich can be used to estimate the shear viscosity of a system. More precisely,\nwe prove a linear response result which allows to relate averages over the\nnonequilibrium stationary state of the system to equilibrium canonical\nexpectations. We then write a local conservation law for the average\nlongitudinal velocity of the fluid, and show how, under some closure\napproximation, the viscosity can be extracted from this profile. We finally\ncharacterize the asymptotic behavior of the velocity profile, in the limit\nwhere either the transverse or the longitudinal friction go to infinity. Some\nnumerical illustrations of the theoretical results are also presented.",
        "positive": "Robust oscillations in multi-cyclic models of biochemical clocks: Organisms often use cyclic changes in the concentrations of chemicals species\nto precisely time biological functions. Underlying these biochemical clocks are\nchemical reactions and transport processes, which are inherently stochastic.\nUnderstanding the physical basis for robust biochemical oscillations in the\npresence of fluctuations has thus emerged as an important problem. In a\nprevious paper [C. del Junco and S. Vaikuntanathan, Phys. Rev. E 101, 012410\n(2020)], we explored this question using the non-equilibrium statistical\nmechanics of single-ring Markov state models of biochemical networks that\nsupport oscillations. Our finding was that they can exploit non-equilibrium\ndriving to robustly maintain the period and coherence of oscillations in the\npresence of randomness in the rates. Here, we extend our work to Markov state\nmodels consisting of a large cycle decorated with multiple small cycles. These\nadditional cycles are intended to represent alternate pathways that the\noscillator may take as it fluctuates about its average path. Combining a\nmapping to single-cycle networks based on first passage time distributions with\nour previously developed theory, we are able to make analytical predictions for\nthe period and coherence of oscillations in these networks. One implication of\nour predictions is that a high energy budget can make different network\ntopologies and arrangements of rates degenerate as far as the period and\ncoherence of oscillations is concerned. Excellent agreement between analytical\nand numerical results confirms that this is the case. Our results suggest that\nbiochemical oscillators can be more robust to fluctuations in the path of the\noscillator when they have a high energy budget."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lennard-Jones systems near solid walls: Computing interfacial free\n  energies from molecular simulation methods: Different computational techniques in combination with molecular dynamics\ncomputer simulation are used to to determine the wall-liquid and the\nwall-crystal interfacial free energies of a modified Lennard-Jones (LJ) system\nin contact with a solid wall. Two different kinds of solid walls are\nconsidered: a flat structureless wall and a structured wall consisting of an\nideal crystal with the particles rigidly attached to fcc lattice sites.\nInterfacial free energies are determined by a thermodynamic integration scheme,\nthe anisotropy of the pressure tensor, the non-equilibrium work method based on\nBennett acceptance criteria, and a method using Cahn's adsorption equations\nbased on the interfacial thermodynamics of Gibbs. For the flat wall,\ninterfacial free energies as a function of different densities of the LJ liquid\nand as a function of temperature along the coexistence curve are calculated. In\ncase of a structured wall, the interaction strength between the wall and the LJ\nsystem and the lattice constant of the structured wall are varied. Using the\nvalues of the wall-liquid and wall-crystal interfacial energies along with the\nvalue for the crystal-liquid interfacial free energy determined previously for\nthe same system by the \"cleaving potential method\", we obtain the contact angle\nas a function of various parameters; in particular the conditions are found\nunder which partial wetting occurs.",
        "positive": "Phase Diagram for a 2-D Two-Temperature Diffusive XY Model: Using Monte Carlo simulations, we determine the phase diagram of a diffusive\ntwo-temperature XY model. When the two temperatures are equal the system\nbecomes the equilibrium XY model with the continuous Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT)\nvortex-antivortex unbinding phase transition. When the two temperatures are\nunequal the system is driven by an energy flow through the system from the\nhigher temperature heat-bath to the lower temperature one and reaches a\nfar-from-equilibrium steady state. We show that the nonequilibrium phase\ndiagram contains three phases: A homogenous disordered phase and two phases\nwith long range, spin-wave order. Two critical lines, representing continuous\nphase transitions from a homogenous disordered phase to two phases of long\nrange order, meet at the equilibrium the KT point. The shape of the\nnonequilibrium critical lines as they approach the KT point is described by a\ncrossover exponent of phi = 2.52 \\pm 0.05. Finally, we suggest that the\ntransition between the two phases with long-range order is first-order, making\nthe KT-point where all three phases meet a bicritical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stationary state of a zero-range process corresponding to multifractal\n  one-particle distribution: We investigate a zero-range process where the underlying one-particle\nstationary distribution has multifractality. The multiparticle stationary\nprobability measure can be written in a factorized form. If the number of the\nparticles is sufficiently large, a great part of the particles condense at the\nsite with the highest measure of the one-particle problem. The number of the\nparticles out of the condensate scales algebraically with the system size and\nthe exponent depends on the strength of the disorder. These results can be well\nreproduced by a branching process, with similar multifractal property.",
        "positive": "Bounding the approach to oligarchy in a variant of the yard-sale model: We present analytical results for the Gini coefficient of economic inequality\nunder the dynamics of a modified Yard-Sale Model of kinetic asset exchange. A\nvariant of the Yard-Sale Model is introduced by modifying the underlying binary\ntransaction of the classical system. It is shown that the Gini coefficient is\nmonotone under the resulting dynamics but the approach to oligarchy, as\nmeasured by the Gini index, can be bounded by a first-order differential\ninequality used in conjunction with the differential Gronwall inequality. The\nasymptotics of the modified system, with a redistributive tax, are derived and\nshown to agree with the original, taxed Yard-Sale Model, which implies the\nmodified system is as suitable for matching real wealth distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monotone return to steady nonequilibrium: We propose and analyze a new candidate Lyapunov function for relaxation\ntowards general nonequilibrium steady states. The proposed functional is\nobtained from the large time asymptotics of time-symmetric fluctuations. For\ndriven Markov jump or diffusion processes it measures an excess in dynamical\nactivity rates. We present numerical evidence and we report on a rigorous\nargument for its monotonous time-dependence close to the steady nonequilibrium\nor in general after a long enough time. This is in contrast with the behavior\nof approximate Lyapunov functions based on entropy production that when driven\nfar from equilibrium often keep exhibiting temporal oscillations even close to\nstationarity.",
        "positive": "Patterns in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation: We review a recent asymptotic weak noise approach to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\nequation for the kinetic growth of an interface in higher dimensions. The weak\nnoise approach provides a many body picture of a growing interface in terms of\na network of localized growth modes. Scaling in 1d is associated with a gapless\ndomain wall mode. The method also provides an independent argument for the\nexistence of an upper critical dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simple cubic random-site percolation thresholds for neighborhoods\n  containing fourth-nearest neighbors: In the paper random-site percolation thresholds for simple cubic lattice with\nsites' neighborhoods containing next-next-next-nearest neighbors (4NN) are\nevaluated with Monte Carlo simulations. A recently proposed algorithm with low\nsampling for percolation thresholds estimation [Bastas et al., arXiv:1411.5834]\nis implemented for the studies of the top-bottom wrapping probability. The\nobtained percolation thresholds are $p_C(\\text{4NN})=0.31160(12)$,\n$p_C(\\text{4NN+NN})=0.15040(12)$, $p_C(\\text{4NN+2NN})=0.15950(12)$,\n$p_C(\\text{4NN+3NN})=0.20490(12)$, $p_C(\\text{4NN+2NN+NN})=0.11440(12)$,\n$p_C(\\text{4NN+3NN+NN})=0.11920(12)$, $p_C(\\text{4NN+3NN+2NN})=0.11330(12)$,\n$p_C(\\text{4NN+3NN+2NN+NN})=0.10000(12)$, where 3NN, 2NN, NN stands for\nnext-next-nearest neighbors, next-nearest neighbors, and nearest neighbors,\nrespectively. As an SC lattice with 4NN neighbors may be mapped onto two\nindependent interpenetrated SC lattices but with two times larger lattice\nconstant the percolation threshold $p_C$(4NN) is exactly equal to $p_C$(NN).\nThe simplified Bastas et al. method allows for reaching uncertainty of the\npercolation threshold value $p_C$ similar to those obtained with classical\nmethod but ten times faster.",
        "positive": "Elaborating Transition Interface Sampling Methods: We review two recently developed efficient methods for calculating rate\nconstants of processes dominated by rare events in high-dimensional complex\nsystems. The first is transition interface sampling (TIS), based on the\nmeasurement of effective fluxes through hypersurfaces in phase space. TIS\nimproves efficiency with respect to standard transition path sampling (TPS)\nrate constant techniques, because it allows a variable path length and is less\nsensitive to recrossings. The second method is the partial path version of TIS.\nDeveloped for diffusive processes, it exploits the loss of long time\ncorrelation. We discuss the relation between the new techniques and the\nstandard reactive flux methods in detail. Path sampling algorithms can suffer\nfrom ergodicity problems, and we introduce several new techniques to alleviate\nthese problems, notably path swapping, stochastic configurational bias Monte\nCarlo shooting moves and order-parameter free path sampling. In addition, we\ngive algorithms to calculate other interesting properties from path ensembles\nbesides rate constants, such as activation energies and reaction mechanisms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean field theory for boundary Ising and tricritical Ising models: Using the technique of mean field theory applied to the lattice boundary\nIsing and tricritical Ising models we provide a qualitative description of\ntheir boundary phase diagrams. We will show this is in agreement with the known\npicture from boundary conformal field theory and we shall compare our work with\nthat of Cappelli et al and show how their analysis is not in accordance with\nthe physical picture.",
        "positive": "Exact results for the finite time thermodynamic uncertainty relation: We obtain exact results for the recently discovered finite-time thermodynamic\nuncertainty relation in a stochastically driven system with non-Gaussian work\nstatistics, both in the steady state and transient regimes, by obtaining exact\nexpressions for any moment of the dissipated work at arbitrary times. The\nuncertainty function (the Fano factor of the dissipated work) is bounded from\nbelow by $2k_BT$ as expected, for all times $\\tau$, in both steady state and\ntransient regimes. The lower bound is reached at $\\tau=0$ as well as when\ncertain system parameters vanish (corresponding to an equilibrium state).\nSurprisingly, we find that the uncertainty function also reaches a constant\nvalue at large $\\tau$ for all the cases we have looked at. For a system\nstarting and remaining in steady state, the uncertainty function increases\nmonotonically, as a function of $\\tau$ as well as other system parameters,\nimplying that the large $\\tau$ value is also an upper bound. For the same\nsystem in the transient regime, however, we find that the uncertainty function\ncan have a local minimum at an accessible time $\\tau_m$, for a range of\nparameter values. The non-monotonicity suggests, rather counter-intuitively,\nthat there might be an optimal time for the working of microscopic machines, as\nwell as an optimal configuration in the phase space of parameter values. Our\nsolutions show that the ratios of higher moments of the dissipated work are\nalso bounded from below by $2k_BT$. For another model, also solvable by our\nmethods, which never reaches a steady state, the uncertainty function, is in\nsome cases, bounded from below by a value less than $2k_BT$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Light and heavy particles on a fluctuating surface: Bunchwise balance,\n  irreducible sequences and local density-height correlations: We study the early time and coarsening dynamics in the Light-Heavy model, a\nsystem consisting of two species of particles ($light$ and $heavy$) coupled to\na fluctuating surface (described by tilt fields). The dynamics of particles and\ntilts are coupled through local update rules, and are known to lead to\ndifferent ordered and disordered steady state phases depending on the\nmicroscopic rates. We introduce a generalized balance mechanism in\nnon-equilibrium systems, namely $bunchwise~balance$, in which incoming and\noutgoing transition currents are balanced between groups of configurations.\nThis allows us to exactly determine the steady state in a subspace of the phase\ndiagram of this model. We introduce the concept of $irreducible~sequences$ of\ninterfaces and bends in this model. These sequences are non-local, and we show\nthat they provide a coarsening length scale in the ordered phases at late\ntimes. Finally, we propose a $local$ correlation function ($\\mathcal{S}$) that\nhas a direct relation to the number of irreducible sequences, and is able to\ndistinguish between several phases of this system through its coarsening\nproperties. Starting from a totally disordered initial configuration,\n$\\mathcal{S}$ displays an initial linear rise and a broad maximum. As the\nsystem evolves towards the ordered steady states, $\\mathcal{S}$ further\nexhibits power law decays at late times that encode coarsening properties of\nthe approach to the ordered phases. Focusing on early time dynamics, we posit\ncoupled mean-field evolution equations governing the particles and tilts, which\nat short times are well approximated by a set of linearized equations, which we\nsolve analytically. Beyond a timescale set by a lattice cutoff and preceding\nthe onset of coarsening, our linearized theory predicts the existence of an\nintermediate power-law stretch, which we also find in simulations of the\nordered regime of the system.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of Annihilation II: Fluctuations of Global Quantities: We develop a theory for fluctuations and correlations in a gas evolving under\nballistic annihilation dynamics. Starting from the hierarchy of equations\ngoverning the evolution of microscopic densities in phase space, we\nsubsequently restrict to a regime of spatial homogeneity, and obtain explicit\npredictions for the fluctuations and time correlation of the total number of\nparticles, total linear momentum and total kinetic energy. Cross-correlations\nbetween these quantities are worked out as well. These predictions are\nsuccessfully tested against Molecular Dynamics and Monte-Carlo simulations.\nThis provides strong support for the theoretical approach developed, including\nthe hydrodynamic treatment of the spectrum of the linearized Boltzmann\noperator. This article is a companion paper to arXiv:0801.2299 and makes use of\nthe spectral analysis reported there."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetization plateaus and enhanced magnetocaloric effect of a spin-1/2\n  Ising-Heisenberg and Heisenberg double sawtooth ladder with four-spin\n  interaction: The ground state, the entropy and the magnetic Gr\\\"uneisen parameter of the\nantiferromagnetic spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model on a double sawtooth ladder\nare rigorously investigated using the classical transfer-matrix technique. The\nmodel includes the XXZ interaction between the interstitial Heisenberg dimers,\nthe Ising coupling between nearest-neighbor spins of the legs and rungs, and\nadditional cyclic four-spin Ising term in each square plaquette. For a\nparticular value of the cyclic four-spin exchange we found in the ground-state\nphase diagram of the Ising Heisenberg ladder a quadruple point, at which four\ndifferent ground states coexist together. During an adiabatic demagnetization\nprocess a fast cooling accompanied with an enhanced magnetocaloric effect can\nbe detected nearby this quadruple point. The ground-state phase diagram of the\nIsing-Heisenberg ladder is confronted with the zero-temperature magnetization\nprocess of the purely quantum Heisenberg ladder, which is calculated by using\nexact diagonalization (ED) based on the Lanczos algorithm for a finite-size\nladder of 24 spins and the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG)\nsimulations for a finite-size ladder with up to 96 spins. Some indications of\nexistence of intermediate magnetization plateaus in the magnetization process\nof the full Heisenberg model for a small but non-zero four-spin Ising coupling\nwere found. The DMRG results reveal that the quantum Heisenberg double sawtooth\nladder exhibits a quantum Luttinger spin-liquid phase that is absent in the\nIsing-Heisenberg counterpart model. Except this difference the magnetic\nbehavior of the full Heisenberg model is quite analogous to its simplified\nIsing-Heisenberg counterpart and hence, one may bring insight into the fully\nquantum Heisenberg model from rigorous results for the Ising-Heisenberg model.",
        "positive": "Exact fluctuating hydrodynamics of active lattice gases -- Typical\n  fluctuations: We extend recent results on the exact hydrodynamics of a system of diffusive\nactive particles displaying a motility-induced phase separation to account for\ntypical fluctuations of the dynamical fields. By calculating correlation\nfunctions exactly in the homogeneous phase, we find that two macroscopic length\nscales develop in the system. The first is related to the diffusive length of\nthe particles and the other to the collective behavior of the particles. The\nlatter diverges as the critical point is approached. Our results show that the\ncritical behavior of the model in one dimension belongs to the universality\nclass of a mean-field Ising model, both for static and dynamic properties, when\nthe thermodynamic limit is taken in a specified manner. The results are\ncompared to the critical behavior exhibited by the ABC model. In particular, we\nfind that in contrast to the ABC model the density large deviation function, at\nits Gaussian approximation, does not contain algebraically decaying\ninteractions but is of a finite, macroscopic, extent which is dictated by the\ndiverging correlation length."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficiency of Single Particle Engines: We study the efficiency of a single particle Szilard and Carnot engine.\nWithin a first order correction to the quasi-static limit, the work\ndistribution is found to be Gaussian and the correction factor to average work\nand efficiency only depends on the piston speed. The stochastic efficiency is\nstudied for both models and the recent findings on efficiency fluctuations are\nconfirmed numerically. Special features are revealed in the zero temperature\nlimit.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Induction Effects Exhibited in Nonequilibrium Systems with\n  Variable Kinetic Coefficients: A nonequilibrium thermodynamic theory demonstrating an induction effect of a\nstatistical nature is presented. We have shown that this thermodynamic\ninduction can arise in a class of systems that have variable kinetic\ncoefficients (VKC). In particular if a kinetic coefficient associated with a\ngiven thermodynamic variable depends on another thermodynamic variable then we\nhave derived an expression that can predict the extent of the induction. The\namount of induction is shown to be proportional to the square of the driving\nforce. The nature of the intervariable coupling for the induction effect has\nsimilarities with the Onsager symmetry relations, though there is an important\nsign difference as well as the magnitudes not being equal. Thermodynamic\ninduction adds nonlinear terms that improve the stability of stationary states,\nat least within the VKC class of systems. Induction also produces a term in the\nexpression for the rate of entropy production that could be interpreted as\nself-organization. Many of these results are also obtained using a variational\napproach, based on maximizing entropy production, in a certain sense.\nNon-equilibrium quantities analogous to the free energies of equilibrium\nthermodynamics are introduced."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Parallel dynamics and computational complexity of the Bak-Sneppen model: The parallel computational complexity of the Bak-Sneppen evolution model is\nstudied. It is shown that Bak-Sneppen histories can be generated by a massively\nparallel computer in a time that is polylogarithmic in the length of the\nhistory. In this parallel dynamics, histories are built up via a nested\nhierarchy of avalanches. Stated in another way, the main result is that the\nlogical depth of producing a Bak-Sneppen history is exponentially less than the\nlength of the history. This finding is surprising because the self-organized\ncritical state of the Bak-Sneppen model has long range correlations in time and\nspace that appear to imply that the dynamics is sequential and history\ndependent. The parallel dynamics for generating Bak-Sneppen histories is\ncontrasted to standard Bak-Sneppen dynamics. Standard dynamics and an alternate\nmethod for generating histories, conditional dynamics, are both shown to be\nrelated to P-complete natural decision problems implying that they cannot be\nefficiently implemented in parallel.",
        "positive": "Interlacing Relaxation and First-Passage Phenomena in Reversible\n  Discrete and Continuous Space Markovian Dynamics: We uncover a duality between relaxation and first passage processes in\nergodic reversible Markovian dynamics in both discrete and continuous\nstate-space. The duality exists in the form of a spectral interlacing -- the\nrespective time scales of relaxation and first passage are shown to interlace.\nOur canonical theory allows for the first time to determine the full first\npassage time distribution analytically from the simpler relaxation\neigenspectrum. The duality is derived and proven rigorously for both discrete\nstate Markov processes in arbitrary dimension and effectively one-dimensional\ndiffusion processes, whereas we also discuss extensions to more complex\nscenarios. We apply our theory to a simple discrete-state protein folding model\nand to the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, for which we obtain the exact first\npassage time distribution analytically in terms of a Newton series of\ndeterminants of almost triangular matrices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enskog kinetic theory of rheology for a moderately dense inertial\n  suspension: The Enskog kinetic theory for moderately dense inertial suspensions under\nsimple shear flow is considered as a model to analyze the rheological\nproperties of the system. The influence of the background fluid on suspended\nparticles is modeled via a viscous drag force plus a Langevin-like term defined\nin terms of the background temperature. In a previous paper [Hayakawa et al.,\nPhys. Rev. E 96, 042903 (2017)], Grad's moment method with the aid of a linear\nshear-rate expansion was employed to obtain a theory which gave good agreement\nwith the results of event-driven Langevin simulations of hard spheres for low\ndensities and/or small shear rates. Nevertheless, the previous approach had a\nlimitation of applicability to the high shear-rate and high density regime.\nThus, in the present paper, we extend the previous work and develop Grad's\ntheory including higher order terms in the shear rate. This improves\nsignificantly the theoretical predictions, a quantitative agreement between\ntheory and simulation being found in the high-density region (volume fractions\nsmaller than or equal to $0.4$).",
        "positive": "Hurst Exponents, Markov Processes, and Fractional Brownian motion: There is much confusion in the literature over Hurst exponents. Recently, we\ntook a step in the direction of eliminating some of the confusion. One purpose\nof this paper is to illustrate the difference between fBm on the one hand and\nGaussian Markov processes where H not equal to 1/2 on the other. The difference\nlies in the increments, which are stationary and correlated in one case and\nnonstationary and uncorrelated in the other. The two- and one-point densities\nof fBm are constructed explicitly. The two-point density doesn't scale. The\none-point density is identical with that for a Markov process with H not 1/2.\nWe conclude that both Hurst exponents and histograms for one point densities\nare inadequate for deducing an underlying stochastic dynamical system from\nempirical data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spreading of Perturbations in Long-Range Interacting Classical Lattice\n  Models: Lieb-Robinson-type bounds are reported for a large class of classical\nHamiltonian lattice models. By a suitable rescaling of energy or time, such\nbounds can be constructed for interactions of arbitrarily long range. The bound\nquantifies the dependence of the system's dynamics on a perturbation of the\ninitial state. The effect of the perturbation is found to be effectively\nrestricted to the interior of a causal region of logarithmic shape, with only\nsmall, algebraically decaying effects in the exterior. A refined bound, sharper\nthan conventional Lieb-Robinson bounds, is required to correctly capture the\nshape of the causal region, as confirmed by numerical results for classical\nlong-range $XY$ chains. We discuss the relevance of our findings for the\nrelaxation to equilibrium of long-range interacting lattice models.",
        "positive": "Noise-dissipation relation for nonlinear electronic circuits: An extension of fluctuation-dissipation theorem is used to derive a \"speed\nlimit\" theorem for nonlinear electronic devices. This speed limit provides a\nlower bound on the dissipation that is incurred when transferring a given\namount of electric charge in a certain amount of time with a certain noise\nlevel (average variance of the current). This bound, which implies a high\nenergy dissipation for fast, low-noise operations (such as switching a bit in a\ndigital memory), brings together recent results of stochastic thermodynamics\ninto a form that is usable for practical nonlinear electronic circuits, as we\nillustrate on a switching circuit made of an nMOS pass gate in a\nstate-of-the-art industrial technology."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover between liquid-like and gas-like behaviour in CH4 at 400 K: We report experimental evidence for a crossover between a liquid-like state\nand a gas-like state in fluid methane (CH4). This crossover is observed in all\nof our experiments, up to 397 K temperature; 2.1 times the critical temperature\nof methane. The crossover has been characterized with both Raman spectroscopy\nand X-ray diffraction in a number of separate experiments, and confirmed to be\nreversible. We associate this crossover with the Frenkel line - a recently\nhypothesized crossover in dynamic properties of fluids extending to arbitrarily\nhigh pressure and temperature, dividing the phase diagram into separate regions\nwhere the fluid possesses liquid-like and gas-like properties. On the\nliquid-like side the Raman-active vibration increases in frequency linearly as\npressure is increased, as expected due to the repulsive interaction between\nadjacent molecules. On the gas-like side this competes with the attractive Van\nder Waals potential leading the vibration frequency to decrease as pressure is\nincreased.",
        "positive": "Conditional probabilities in multiplicative noise processes: We address the calculation of transition probabilities in multiplicative\nnoise stochastic differential equations using a path integral approach. We show\nthe equivalence between the conditional probability and the propagator of a\nquantum particle with variable mass. Introducing a {\\em time\nreparametrization}, we are able to transform the problem of multiplicative\nnoise fluctuations into an equivalent additive one. We illustrate the method by\nshowing the explicit analytic computation of the conditional probability of a\nharmonic oscillator in a nonlinear multiplicative environment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Suppressing escape events in maps of the unit interval with demographic\n  noise: We explore the properties of discrete-time stochastic processes with a\nbounded state space, whose deterministic limit is given by a map of the unit\ninterval. We find that, in the mesoscopic description of the system, the large\njumps between successive iterates of the process can result in probability\nleaking out of the unit interval, despite the fact that the noise is\nmultiplicative and vanishes at the boundaries. By including higher-order terms\nin the mesoscopic expansion, we are able to capture the non-Gaussian nature of\nthe noise distribution near the boundaries, but this does not preclude the\npossibility of a trajectory leaving the interval. We propose a number of\nprescriptions for treating these escape events, and we compare the results with\nthose obtained for the metastable behavior of the microscopic model, where\nescape events are not possible. We find that, rather than truncating the noise\ndistribution, censoring this distribution to prevent escape events leads to\nresults which are more consistent with the microscopic model. The addition of\nhigher moments to the noise distribution does not increase the accuracy of the\nfinal results, and it can be replaced by the simpler Gaussian noise.",
        "positive": "Diffusive hydrodynamics from integrability breaking: We describe the crossover from generalized hydrodynamics to conventional\nhydrodynamics in nearly integrable systems. Integrable systems have infinitely\nmany conserved quantities, which spread ballistically in general. When\nintegrability is broken, only a few of these conserved quantities survive. The\nremaining conserved quantities are generically transported diffusively; we\nderive a compact and general diffusion equation for these. The diffusion\nconstant depends on the matrix elements of the integrability-breaking\nperturbation; for a certain class of integrability-breaking perturbations,\nincluding long-range interactions, the diffusion constant can be expressed\nentirely in terms of generalized hydrodynamic data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complexity Thermodynamics, Equiprobability Principle, Percolation, and\n  Goldstein's Conjectures: The configurational states as introduced by Goldstein represent the system's\nbasins and are characterized by their free energies $\\varphi(T,V)$ as we show\nhere. We find that the energies of some of the special points (termed basin\nidentifiers here) like the basin minima, maxima, lowest energy barriers, etc.\ncannot be used to characterize the configurational states of the system in all\ncases due to their possible non-monotonic behavior as we explain. The\ncomplexity $\\mathcal{S(}\\varphi,T,V\\mathcal{)},$ represents the configurational\nstate entropy. We prove that $S(T,V) \\equiv S(\\varphi_b,T,V) + S_b(T,V)$, where\n$S_{\\text{b}},$ and $\\varphi_{\\text{b}}$ are the basin entropy and free energy,\nrespectively. We further prove that all basins at equilibrium have the same\nequilibrium basin energy $E(T,V)$ and entropy $S_{\\text{b}% }(T,V).$ Here,\n$\\varphi$\\ and $E$ are measured with respect to the zero of the potential\nenergy. The Boltzmann equiprobability principle is shown to apply to the basins\nin that each equilibrium basin has an equal probability\n$\\mathcal{P=}\\exp(-\\mathcal{S})$ to be explored. This principle allow us to\ndraw some useful conclusions about the time-dependence in the system. We\ndiscuss the percolation due to basin connectivity and its relevance for the\ndynamic transition. Our analysis validates modified Goldstein's conjectures.\nAll the above results are shown to be valid at all temperatures, and not just\nlow temperatures as originally propsed by Goldstein.",
        "positive": "Traveling time and traveling length for flow in porous media: We study traveling time and traveling length for tracer dispersion in porous\nmedia. We model porous media by two-dimensional bond percolation, and we model\nflow by tracer particles driven by a pressure difference between two points\nseparated by Euclidean distance $r$. We find that the minimal traveling time\n$t_{min}$ scales as $t_{min} \\sim r^{1.40}$, which is different from the\nscaling of the most probable traveling time, ${\\tilde t} \\sim r^{1.64}$. We\nalso calculate the length of the path corresponding to the minimal traveling\ntime and find $\\ell_{min} \\sim r^{1.13}$ and that the most probable traveling\nlength scales as ${\\tilde \\ell} \\sim r^{1.21}$. We present the relevant\ndistribution functions and scaling relations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Linear Boltzmann-like equation, describing non-classical particle\n  transport, and related asymptotic solutions for small mean free paths: In classical kinetic or kinetic-like models a particle free path distribution\nis exponensial, but this is more likely to be an exception than a rule. In this\npaper we derive a linear Boltzmann-like equation for a general free path\ndistribution in the framework of Alt's model J. Math. Biol. 9:147 (1980). In\nthe special case that the free path distribution has at least first and second\nfinite moments we construct an asymptotic solution of the equation for small\nmean free paths. The asymptotic solution becomes a diffusion approximation to\nthe one-speed Boltzmann-like equation.",
        "positive": "Universal Fluctuations of Single-Particle Diffusivity in Quenched\n  Environment: Local diffusion coefficients in disordered materials such as living cells are\nhighly heterogeneous. Quenched disorder is utilized substantially to study such\ncomplex systems, whereas its analytical treatment is difficult to handle. We\nconsider finite systems with quenched disorder in order to investigate the\neffects of sample disorder fluctuations and confinement on single-particle\ndiffusivity. While the system is ergodic in a single disorder realization, the\ntime-averaged mean squared displacement depends on the disorder, i.e., the\nsystem is ergodic but non-self-averaging. We find that the inverse Levy\ndistribution is a universal distribution for diffusivity in the sense that it\ncan be applied for arbitrary dimensions. Quantifying the degree of the\nnon-self-averaging effect, we show that fluctuations of single-particle\ndiffusivity far exceed the corresponding annealed theory and also find\nconfinement effects. The relevance for experimental situations is also\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Signature of Mott-insulator transition with ultra-cold fermions in a\n  one-dimensional optical lattice: Using the exact Bethe ansatz solution of the Hubbard model and Luttinger\nliquid theory, we investigate the density profiles and collective modes of\none-dimensional ultra-cold fermions confined in an optical lattice with a\nharmonic trapping potential. We determine a generic phase diagram in terms of a\ncharacteristic filling factor and a dimensionless coupling constant. The\ncollective oscillations of the atomic mass density, a technique that is\ncommonly used in experiments, provide a signature of the quantum phase\ntransition from the metallic phase to the Mott-insulator phase. A detailed\nexperimental implementation is proposed.",
        "positive": "Irrationality and quasiperiodicity in driven nonlinear systems: We analyse the relationship between irrationality and quasiperiodicity in\nnonlinear driven systems. To that purpose we consider a nonlinear system whose\nsteady-state response is very sensitive to the periodic or quasiperiodic\ncharacter of the input signal. In the infinite time limit, an input signal\nconsisting of two incommensurate frequencies will be recognised by the system\nas quasiperiodic. We show that this is in general not true in the case of\nfinite interaction times. An irrational ratio of the driving frequencies of the\ninput signal is not sufficient for it to be recognised by the nonlinear system\nas quasiperiodic, resulting in observations which may differ by several orders\nof magnitude from the expected quasiperiodic behavior. Thus, the system\nresponse depends on the nature of the irrational ratio, as well as the\nobservation time. We derive a condition for the input signal to be identified\nby the system as quasiperiodic. Such a condition also takes into account the\nsub-Fourier response of the nonlinear system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ordered vs Disordered States of the Random-Field Model in Three\n  Dimensions: We report numerical investigation of the glassy behavior of random-field\nexchange models in three dimensions. Correlation of energy with the\nmagnetization for different numbers of spin components has been studied. There\nis a profound difference between the models with two and three spin components\nwith respect to the stability of the magnetized state due to the different\nkinds of singularities: vortex loops and hedgehogs, respectively. Memory\neffects pertinent to such states have been investigated. Insight into the\nmechanism of the large-scale disordering is provided by numerically\nimplementing the Imry-Ma argument in which the spins follow the random field\naveraged over correlated volumes. Thermal stability of the magnetized states is\ninvestigated by the Monte Carlo method.",
        "positive": "Localised Dynamics in the Floquet Quantum East Model: We introduce and study the discrete-time version of the Quantum East model,\nan interacting quantum spin chain inspired by simple kinetically constrained\nmodels of classical glasses. Previous work has established that its\ncontinuous-time counterpart displays a disorder-free localisation transition\nsignalled by the appearance of an exponentially large (in the volume) family of\nnon-thermal, localised eigenstates. Here we combine analytical and numerical\napproaches to show that: i) The transition persists for discrete times, in\nfact, it is present for any finite value of the time step apart from a zero\nmeasure set; ii) It is directly detected by following the non-equilibrium\ndynamics of the fully polarised state. Our findings imply that the transition\nis currently observable in state-of-the-art platforms for digital quantum\nsimulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free energy of a charged oscillator in a magnetic field and coupled to a\n  heat bath through the momentum variables: We obtain an exact formula for the equilibrium free energy of a charged\nquantum particle moving in a harmonic potential in the presence of a uniform\nexternal magnetic field and linearly coupled to a heat bath of independent\nquantum harmonic oscillators through the momentum variables. We show that the\nfree energy has a different expression than that for the coordinate-coordinate\ncoupling between the particle and the heat-bath oscillators. For an\nillustrative heat-bath spectrum, we evaluate the free energy in the\nlow-temperature limit, thereby showing that the entropy of the charged particle\nvanishes at zero temperature, in agreement with the third law of\nthermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Critical exponent $\u03b7$ in 2D $O(N)$-symmetric $\\varphi^4$-model up to\n  6~loops: Critical exponent $\\eta$ (Fisher exponent) in $O(N)$-symmetric\n$\\varphi^4$-model was calculated using renormalization group approach in the\nspace of fixed dimension $D=2$ up to 6~loops. The calculation of the\nrenormalization constants was performed with the use of $R'$-operation and\nspecific values for diagrams were calculated in Feynman representation using\nsector decomposition method. Presented approach allows easy automation and\ngeneralization for the case of complex symmetries. Also a summation of the\nperturbation series was obtained by Borel transformation with conformal\nmapping. The contribution of the 6-th term of the series led to the increase of\nthe Fisher exponent in $O(1)$ model up to $8\\%$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Translation-invariance of periodic Gibbs measures for the Potts model on\n  the Cayley tree: Work is a continuation of work TMPh, 175(2), 2013. We study the Potts model\nwith zero external field on the Cayley tree. It is shown that for any values of\nthe parameter all periodic Gibbs measures are translation-invariant for the\nq-state antiferromagnetic Potts model on the Cayley tree of order two and for\nthe q-state ferromagnetic Potts model on the Cayley tree of order k.",
        "positive": "Endogenous versus Exogenous Crashes in Financial Markets: We perform an extended analysis of the distribution of drawdowns in the two\nleading exchange markets (US dollar against the Deutsmark and against the Yen),\nin the major world stock markets, in the U.S. and Japanese bond market and in\nthe gold market, by introducing the concept of ``coarse-grained drawdowns,''\nwhich allows for a certain degree of fuzziness in the definition of cumulative\nlosses and improves on the statistics of our previous results on the existence\nof ``outliers'' or ``kings.'' Then, for each identified outlier, we check\nwhether log-periodic power law signatures (LPPS) are present and take the\nexistence of LPPS as the qualifying signature for an endogenous crash: this is\nbecause a drawdown outlier is seen as the end of a speculative unsustainable\naccelerating bubble generated endogenously. In the absence of LPPS, we are able\nto identify what seems to have been the relevant historical event, i.e., a new\npiece of information of such magnitude and impact that it is seems reasonable\nto attribute the crash to it, in agreement with the standard view of the\nefficient market hypothesis. Such drawdown outliers are classified as having an\nexogenous origin. Globally over all the markets analyzed, we identify 49\noutliers, of which 25 are classified as endogenous, 22 as exogeneous and 2 as\nassociated with the Japanese anti-bubble. Restricting to the world market\nindices, we find 31 outliers, of which 19 are endogenous, 10 are exogenous and\n2 are associated with the Japanese anti-bubble. The combination of the two\nproposed detection techniques, one for drawdown outliers and the second for\nLPPS, provides a novel and systematic taxonomy of crashes further subtantiating\nthe importance of LPPS."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comments on the repulsive term of Van der Waals equation of state: The repulsive term of Van der Waals equation of state has been deduced and\nimproved in this work using a probabilistic description of the configurational\nentropy. The aim is to find out whether its physical basis is suitable for the\nstudy of dense fluids like liquids and glasses. The extended Van der Waals\nmodel accurately describes a system composed of independent Hard Spheres below\npacking fraction {\\eta} < 0.3, giving a pole at {\\eta} ~ 0.51 in close\nagreement with Molecular Dynamic simulation results. The inclusion of holes in\nthe configurational entropy description improves the model but only below\n{\\eta} < 0.2, precluding its application to high density fluids and glasses. In\naddition, neither local nor global clustering of Hard Spheres can be described\nusing this approach. A physical model other than Van der Waals equation of\nstate is required to accurately describe the continuity of gaseous and liquid\nstates with the same expression. In this work, a model for the configurational\nentropy of mixing is proposed which could reveal whether such continuity really\nexists.",
        "positive": "Growth exponents of the etching model in high dimensions: In this work we generalize the etching model (Mello et al 2001 Phys. Rev. E\n63 041113) to d + 1 dimensions. The dynamic exponents of this model are\ncompatible with those of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class. We\ninvestigate the roughness dynamics with surfaces up to d=6. We show that the\ndata from all substrate lengths and for all dimensions can be collapsed into\none common curve. We determine the dynamic exponents as a function of the\ndimension. Moreover, our results suggest that d=4 is not an upper critical\ndimension for the etching model, and that it fulfills the Galilean invariance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information generating, sharing and manipulating Source-Reservoir-Sink\n  model of self-organizing dissipative structures: Information-theoretic description of the signal transmitter, the channel and\nreceiver is extended to the network of self-organizing dissipative structures\nconsisting of a source, a reservoir and a sink. The information generation by\nthe source is subjected to controlled manipulation by the reservoir before\nbeing transmitted to the sink. The reservoir can have memory and variable\ncapacity for information storage. The role of the reservoir in building the\nmanipulative capacity for information storage and selective sharing is\nillustrated by the characteristic of asymmetric exchange between the reservoir\nand the sink. A box-model is used to develop the model to represent material,\nprocess and information sharing among the source, the reservoir and the sink.\nThe model is applied to self-organizing carbon cages with the end-directed\nevolution of the buckyball.",
        "positive": "Process chain approach to high-order perturbation calculus for quantum\n  lattice models: A method based on Rayleigh-Schroedinger perturbation theory is developed that\nallows to obtain high-order series expansions for ground-state properties of\nquantum lattice models. The approach is capable of treating both lattice\ngeometries of large spatial dimensionalities d and on-site degrees of freedom\nwith large state space dimensionalities. It has recently been used to\naccurately compute the zero-temperature phase diagram of the Bose-Hubbard model\non a hypercubic lattice, up to arbitrary large filling and for d=2, 3 and\ngreater [Teichmann et al., Phys. Rev. B 79, 100503(R) (2009)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The exact renormalization group in Astrophysics: The coarse-graining operation in hydrodynamics is equivalent to a change of\nscale which can be formalized as a renormalization group transformation. In\nparticular, its application to the probability distribution of a\nself-gravitating fluid yields an \"exact renormalization group equation\" of\nFokker-Planck type. Since the time evolution of that distribution can also be\ndescribed by a Fokker-Planck equation, we propose a connection between both\nequations, that is, a connection between scale and time evolution. We finally\nremark on the essentially non-perturbative nature of astrophysical problems,\nwhich suggests that the exact renormalization group is the adequate tool for\nthem.",
        "positive": "New Comment on Gibbs Density Surface of Fluid Argon: Revised Critical\n  Parameters, L. V. Woodcock, Int. J. Thermophys. (2014) 35, 1770-1784: It is shown that the existence of single critical point of the fluid\ndescribed by van der Waals equation of state is not the hypothesis and it is\nthe consequence of the thermodynamic conditions of liquid-vapor phase\nequilibrium. It is also shown that the thermodynamic conditions of liquid-vapor\nphase equilibrium of the fluid give equalities to zero of first and second\npartial derivatives at constant temperature of pressure with respect to volume\nat critical point which are usual conditions of existence of critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the maximum entropy principle and the minimization of the Fisher\n  information in Tsallis statistics: We give a new proof of the theorems on the maximum entropy principle in\nTsallis statistics. That is, we show that the $q$-canonical distribution\nattains the maximum value of the Tsallis entropy, subject to the constraint on\nthe $q$-expectation value and the $q$-Gaussian distribution attains the maximum\nvalue of the Tsallis entropy, subject to the constraint on the $q$-variance, as\napplications of the nonnegativity of the Tsallis relative entropy, without\nusing the Lagrange multipliers method. In addition, we define a $q$-Fisher\ninformation and then prove a $q$-Cram\\'er-Rao inequality that the $q$-Gaussian\ndistribution with special $q$-variances attains the minimum value of the\n$q$-Fisher information.",
        "positive": "Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf's law: When the probability of measuring a particular value of some quantity varies\ninversely as a power of that value, the quantity is said to follow a power law,\nalso known variously as Zipf's law or the Pareto distribution. Power laws\nappear widely in physics, biology, earth and planetary sciences, economics and\nfinance, computer science, demography and the social sciences. For instance,\nthe distributions of the sizes of cities, earthquakes, solar flares, moon\ncraters, wars and people's personal fortunes all appear to follow power laws.\nThe origin of power-law behaviour has been a topic of debate in the scientific\ncommunity for more than a century. Here we review some of the empirical\nevidence for the existence of power-law forms and the theories proposed to\nexplain them."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rewiring driven evolution of quenched frustrated signed network: A framework for studying the behavior of a classically frustrated signed\nnetwork in the process of random rewiring is developed. We describe jump\nprobabilities for change in frustration and formulate a theoretical estimate in\nterms of the master equation. Stationary thermodynamic distribution and moments\nare derived from the master equation and compared to numerical simulations.\nFurthermore, an exact solution of the probability distribution is provided\nthrough suitable mapping of rewiring dynamic to birth and death processes with\nquadratic asymptotically symmetric transition rates.",
        "positive": "Statistical quantum operation: A generic unital positive operator-valued measure (POVM), which transforms a\ngiven stationary pure state to an arbitrary statistical state with perfect\ndecoherence, is presented. This allows one to operationally realize\nthermalization as a special case. The loss of information due to randomness\ngenerated by the operation is discussed by evaluating the entropy.\nThermalization of the bipartite spin-1/2 system is discussed as an illustrative\nexample."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multirelaxational Dynamic Response In Incommensurate Phases: Interactions of the uniform mode with higher order modes due to\nincommensurately modulated equilibrium state change the usual relaxation\nbehaviour to a more complex one. A multirelaxation character should be present\neven in the single-plane-wave limit. Our model enables one to describe dynamic\ndielectric response of the incommensurable modulated phases in order-disorder\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Initial value problem for the linearized mean field Kramers equation\n  with long-range interactions: We solve the initial value problem for the linearized mean field Kramers\nequation describing Brownian particles with long-range interactions in the\n$N\\rightarrow +\\infty$ limit. We show that the dielectric function can be\nexpressed in terms of incomplete Gamma functions. The dielectric functions\nassociated with the linearized Vlasov equation and with the linearized mean\nfield Smoluchowski equation are recovered as special cases corresponding to the\nno friction limit or to the strong friction limit respectively. Although the\nstability of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is independent on the friction\nparameter, the evolution of the perturbation depends on it in a non-trivial\nmanner. For illustration, we apply our results to self-gravitating systems,\nplasmas, and to the attractive and repulsive BMF models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superfluidity of isotopically doped parahydrogen clusters: It is shown by computer simulations that superfluid {\\it para}-hydrogen\nclusters of more than 22 molecules can be turned insulating and \"solidlike\" by\nthe replacement of as few as one or two molecules, with ones of the heavier\n{\\it ortho}-deuterium isotope. A much smaller effect is observed with\nsubstitutional {\\it ortho}-hydrogen. Substitutional {\\it ortho}-deuterium\nmolecules prevalently sit in the inner part of the cluster, whereas {\\it\northo}-hydrogen impurities reside primarily in the outer shell, near the\nsurface. Implications on the superfluidity of pure {\\it para}-hydrogen clusters\nare discussed.",
        "positive": "In vivo anomalous diffusion and weak ergodicity breaking of lipid\n  granules: Combining extensive single particle tracking microscopy data of endogenous\nlipid granules in living fission yeast cells with analytical results we show\nevidence for anomalous diffusion and weak ergodicity breaking. Namely we\ndemonstrate that at short times the granules perform subdiffusion according to\nthe laws of continuous time random walk theory. The associated violation of\nergodicity leads to a characteristic turnover between two scaling regimes of\nthe time averaged mean squared displacement. At longer times the granule motion\nis consistent with fractional Brownian motion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization and directed percolation in coupled map lattices: We study a synchronization mechanism, based on one-way coupling of\nall-or-nothing type, applied to coupled map lattices with several different\nlocal rules. By analyzing the metric and the topological distance between the\ntwo systems, we found two different regimes: a strong chaos phase in which the\ntransition has a directed percolation character and a weak chaos phase in which\nthe synchronization transition occurs abruptly. We are able to derive some\nanalytical approximations for the location of the transition point and the\ncritical properties of the system.\n  We propose to use the characteristics of this transition as indicators of the\nspatial propagation of chaoticity.",
        "positive": "Continuous and discontinuous absorbing-state phase transitions on\n  Voronoi-Delaunay random lattices: We study absorbing-state phase transitions in two-dimensional\nVoronoi-Delaunay (VD) random lattices with quenched coordination disorder.\nQuenched randomness usually changes the criticality and destroys discontinuous\ntransitions in low-dimensional nonequilibrium systems. We performed extensive\nsimulations of the Ziff-Gulari-Barshad (ZGB) model, and verified that the VD\ndisorder does not change the nature of its discontinuous transition. Our\nresults corroborate recent findings of Barghatti and Vojta [Phys. Rev. Lett.\n{\\bf 113}, 120602 (2014)] stating the irrelevance of topological disorder in a\nclass of random lattices that includes VD and raise the interesting possibility\nthat disorder in nonequilibrium APT may, under certain conditions, be\nirrelevant for the phase coexistence. We also verify that the VD disorder is\nirrelevant for the critical behavior of models belonging to the directed\npercolation and Manna universality classes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-organized branching process for a one-dimensional ricepile model: A self-organized branching process is introduced to describe one-dimensional\nricepile model with stochastic topplings. Although the branching processes are\ngenerally supposed to describe well the systems in high dimension, our\nmodification grasps some of the peculiarities present in one dimension. We find\nanalytically the crossover behavior from the trivial one-dimensional BTW\nbehavior to self-organized criticality characterized by power-law distribution\nof avalanches. The finite-size effects, which are crucial in the crossover, are\ncalculated.",
        "positive": "Return Probability of a Random walker in continuum with uniformly\n  distributed jump-length: We are studying the motion of a random walker in two and three dimensional\ncontinuum with uniformly distributed jump-length. This is different from\nconventional Lavy flight. In 2D and 3D continuum, a random walker can move in\nany direction, with equal probability and with any step-length(l) varying\nrandomly between 0 to 1 with equal probability. A random walker, who starts his\njourney from a particular point (taken as origin), walks through the region,\ncentered around the origin. Here, in this paper, we studied the probability\ndistribution of end-to-end distances and the probability of return for the\nfirst time within a circular zone of finite radius, centered about the initial\npoint, of a random walker. We also studied the same when a random walker moves\nwith constant step-length, unity. The probability distribution of the time of\nfirst return (within a specified zone) is also studied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Weak correlation between fluctuations in protein diffusion inside\n  bacteria: A weak correlation between the diffusion-exponent fluctuations and the\ntemperature fluctuations is discussed based on recent experimental observations\nfor protein diffusion inside bacteria. Its existence is shown to be essential\nfor describing the statistical properties of the fluctuations. It is also\nquantified how largely the fluctuations are modulated by the weak correlation.",
        "positive": "BBGKY chain of kinetic equations, non-equilibrium statistical operator\n  method and collective variable method in the statistical theory of\n  non-equilibrium liquids: A chain of kinetic equations for non-equilibrium one-particle, two-particle\nand $ s $-particle distribution functions of particles which take into account\nnonlinear hydrodynamic fluctuations is proposed. The method of Zubarev\nnon-equilibrium statistical operator with projection is used. Nonlinear\nhydrodynamic fluctuations are described with non-equilibrium distribution\nfunction of collective variables that satisfies generalized Fokker-Planck\nequation. On the basis of the method of collective variables, a scheme of\ncalculation of non-equilibrium structural distribution function of collective\nvariables and their hydrodynamic speeds (above Gaussian approximation)\ncontained in the generalized Fokker-Planck equation for the non-equilibrium\ndistribution function of collective variables is proposed. Contributions of\nshort- and long-range interactions between particles are separated, so that the\nshort-range interactions (for example, the model of hard spheres) are described\nin the coordinate space, while the long-range interactions --- in the space of\ncollective variables. Short-ranged component is regarded as basic, and\ncorresponds to the BBGKY chain of equations for the model of hard spheres."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enhanced Pulse Propagation in Non-Linear Arrays of Oscillators: The propagation of a pulse in a nonlinear array of oscillators is influenced\nby the nature of the array and by its coupling to a thermal environment. For\nexample, in some arrays a pulse can be speeded up while in others a pulse can\nbe slowed down by raising the temperature. We begin by showing that an energy\npulse (1D) or energy front (2D) travels more rapidly and remains more localized\nover greater distances in an isolated array (microcanonical) of hard springs\nthan in a harmonic array or in a soft-springed array. Increasing the pulse\namplitude causes it to speed up in a hard chain, leaves the pulse speed\nunchanged in a harmonic system, and slows down the pulse in a soft chain.\nConnection of each site to a thermal environment (canonical) affects these\nresults very differently in each type of array. In a hard chain the dissipative\nforces slow down the pulse while raising the temperature speeds it up. In a\nsoft chain the opposite occurs: the dissipative forces actually speed up the\npulse while raising the temperature slows it down. In a harmonic chain neither\ndissipation nor temperature changes affect the pulse speed. These and other\nresults are explained on the basis of the frequency vs energy relations in the\nvarious arrays.",
        "positive": "O(N) symmetry-breaking quantum quench: Topological defects versus\n  quasiparticles: We present an analytical derivation of the winding number counting\ntopological defects created by an O(N) symmetry-breaking quantum quench in N\nspatial dimensions. Our approach is universal in the sense that we do not\nemploy any approximations apart from the large-$N$ limit. The final result is\nnonperturbative in N, i.e., it cannot be obtained by %the usual an expansion in\n1/N, and we obtain far less topological defects than quasiparticle excitations,\nin sharp distinction to previous, low-dimensional investigations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Plastic Response of Magnetoelastic Amorphous Solids: We address the cross effects between mechanical strains and magnetic fields\non the plastic response of magnetoelastic amorphous solids. It is well known\nthat plasticity in non-magnetic amorphous solids under external strain $\\gamma$\nis dominated by the co-dimension 1 saddle-node bifurcation in which an\neigenvalue of the Hessian matrix vanishes at $\\gamma_P$ like\n$\\sqrt{\\gamma_P-\\gamma}$. This square-root singularity determines much of the\nstatistical physics of elasto-plasticity, and in particular that of the\nstress-strain curves under athermal-quasistatic conditions. In this Letter we\ndiscuss the much richer physics that can be expected in magnetic amorphous\nsolids. Firstly, magnetic amorphous solids exhibit co-dimension 2 plastic\ninstabilities, when an external strain and an external magnetic field are\napplied simultaneously. Secondly, the phase diagrams promise a rich array of\nnew effects that have been barely studied; this opens up a novel and extremely\nrich research program for magnetoplastic materials.",
        "positive": "Field theory of bi- and tetracritical points: Statics: We calculate the static critical behavior of systems of $O(n_\\|)\\oplus\nO(n_\\perp)$ symmetry by renormalization group method within the minimal\nsubtraction scheme in two loop order. Summation methods lead to fixed points\ndescribing multicritical behavior. Their stability boarder lines in the space\nof order parameter components $n_\\|$ and $n_\\perp$ and spatial dimension $d$\nare calculated. The essential features obtained already in two loop order for\nthe interesting case of an antiferromagnet in a magnetic field ($n_\\|=1$,\n$n_\\perp=2$) are the stability of the biconical fixed point and the\nneighborhood of the stability border lines to the other fixed points leading to\nvery small transient exponents. We are also able to calculate the flow of\nstatic couplings, which allows to consider the attraction region. Depending on\nthe nonuniversal background parameters the existence of different multicritical\nbehavior (bicritical or tetracritical) is possible including a triple point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Umbilical points of a non-Gaussian random field: Random fields in nature often have, to a good approximation, Gaussian\ncharacteristics. For such fields, the relative densities of umbilical points --\ntopological defects which can be classified into three types -- have certain\nfixed values. Phenomena described by nonlinear laws can however give rise to a\nnon-Gaussian contribution, causing a deviation from these universal values. We\nconsider a Gaussian field with a perturbation added to it, given by a nonlinear\nfunction of that field, and calculate the change in the relative density of\numbilical points. This allows us not only to detect a perturbation, but to\ndetermine its size as well. This geometric approach offers an independent way\nof detecting non-Gaussianity, which even works in cases where the field itself\ncannot be probed directly.",
        "positive": "Critical adsorption near edges: Symmetry breaking surface fields give rise to nontrivial and long-ranged\norder parameter profiles for critical systems such as fluids, alloys or magnets\nconfined to wedges. We discuss the properties of the corresponding universal\nscaling functions of the order parameter profile and the two-point correlation\nfunction and determine the critical exponents eta_parallel and\neta_perpendicular for the so-called normal transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation of Ideal Bose Gas Confined in a Box Within a Canonical\n  Ensemble: We set up recursion relations for the partition function and the ground-state\noccupancy for a fixed number of non-interacting bosons confined in a square box\npotential and determine the temperature dependence of the specific heat and the\nparticle number in the ground state. A proper semiclassical treatment is set up\nwhich yields the correct small-T-behavior in contrast to an earlier theory in\nFeynman's textbook on Statistical Mechanics, in which the special role of the\nground state was ignored. The results are compared with an exact quantum\nmechanical treatment. Furthermore, we derive the finite-size effect of the\nsystem.",
        "positive": "Mass transport in a strongly sheared binary mixture of Maxwell molecules: Transport coefficients associated with the mass flux of a binary mixture of\nMaxwell molecules under uniform shear flow are exactly determined from the\nBoltzmann kinetic equation. A normal solution is obtained via a\nChapman--Enskog-like expansion around a local shear flow distribution that\nretains all the hydrodynamics orders in the shear rate. In the first order of\nthe expansion the mass flux is proportional to the gradients of mole fraction,\npressure, and temperature but, due to the anisotropy induced in the system by\nthe shear flow, mutual diffusion, pressure diffusion and thermal diffusion\ntensors are identified instead of the conventional scalar coefficients. These\ntensors are obtained in terms of the shear rate and the parameters of the\nmixture (particle masses, concentrations, and force constants). The description\nis made both in the absence and in the presence of an external thermostat\nintroduced in computer simulations to compensate for the viscous heating. As\nexpected, the analysis shows that there is not a simple relationship between\nthe results with and without the thermostat. The dependence of the three\ndiffusion tensors on the shear rate is illustrated in the tracer limit case,\nthe results showing that the deviation of the generalized transport\ncoefficients from their equilibrium forms is in general quite important.\nFinally, the generalized transport coefficients associated with the momentum\nand heat transport are evaluated from a model kinetic equation of the Boltzmann\nequation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "PhD thesis \"Extreme value statistics and optimization problems in\n  stochastic processes\": This thesis is devoted to the study of extreme value statistics in stochastic\nprocesses and their applications. In the first part, we obtain exact analytical\nresults on the extreme value statistics of both discrete-time and\ncontinuous-time random walks. In particular, we focus on the gap statistics of\nrandom walks and exhibit their asymptotic universality with respect to the jump\ndistribution in the limit of a large number of steps. In addition, we compute\nthe asymptotic behavior of the expected maximum of random walks in the presence\nof a bridge constraint and reveal a rich behavior in their finite-size\ncorrection. Moreover, we compute the expected length of the convex hull of\nBrownian motion confined in a disk and show that it converges slowly to the\nperimeter of the disk with a stretched exponential decay. In the second part,\nwe focus on numerically sampling rare trajectories of stochastic processes. We\nintroduce an efficient method to sample bridge discrete-time random walks. We\nillustrate it and apply it to various examples. We further extend the method to\nother stochastic processes, both Markovian and non-Markovian. We apply our\nmethod to sample surviving particles in the presence of a periodic trapping\nenvironment. Finally, we discuss several optimization problems in stochastic\nprocesses involving extreme value statistics. In particular, we introduce a new\ntechnique to optimally control dynamical systems undergoing a resetting policy.",
        "positive": "Thermal pure state path integral and emergent symmetry: We investigate a thermally isolated quantum many-body system with an external\ncontrol represented by a time-dependent parameter. We formulate a path integral\nin terms of thermal pure states and derive an effective action for trajectories\nin a thermodynamic state space, where the entropy appears with its conjugate\nvariable. In particular, for quasi-static operations, the symmetry for the\nuniform translation of the conjugate variable emerges in the path integral.\nThis leads to the entropy as a Noether invariant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic Description of Quantum Lorentz Gas by Complex Spectral\n  Representation of the Liouville-von Neumann Equation: A Limitation of the\n  Boltzmann Approximation: Irreversible processes of one-dimensional quantum perfect Lorentz gas is\nstudied on the basis of the fundamental laws of physics in terms of the complex\nspectral analysis associated with the resonance state of the Liouville-von\nNeumann operator. A limitation of the usual phenomenological Boltzmann equation\nis discussed from this dynamical point of view. For a Wigner distribution\nfunction that spreads over moderately small scale comparative to the\nmean-free-path, we found a shifting motion in space of the distribution that\ncannot be described by the hydrodynamic approximation of the kinetic equation.\nThe mechanism of the shifting has two completely different origins: one is due\nto different value of the imaginary part of the eigenvalue of the Liouvillian\nand predominates in moderately small wavenumber associated to the spatial\ndistribution, while the other is due to the existence of the real part of the\neigenvalue associated to a wave propagation and predominates in moderately\nlarge wavenumber.",
        "positive": "On the correct entropic form for systems with power-law behaviour: the\n  case of dissipative maps: Maximum entropy principle does not seem to distinguish between the use of\nTsallis and Renyi entropies as either of them may be used to derive similar\npower-law distributions. In this paper, we address the question whether the\nRenyi entropy is equally suitable to describe those systems with power-law\nbehaviour, where the use of the Tsallis entropy is relevant. We discuss a\nspecific class of dynamical systems, namely, one dimensional dissipative maps\nat chaos threshold and make our study from two aspects: i) power-law\nsensitivity to the initial conditions and the rate of entropy increase, ii)\ngeneralized bit cumulants. We present evidence that the Tsallis entropy is the\nmore appropriate entropic form for such studies as opposed to Renyi form."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Disorder-induced phases in the S=1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain: We use extensive density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations to\nexplore the phase diagram of the random S=1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain\nwith a power-law distribution of the exchange couplings. We use open chains and\nmonitor the lowest gaps, the end-to-end correlation function, and the string\norder parameter. For this distribution at weak disorder, the systems is in the\ngapless Haldane phase with a disorder dependent dynamical exponent, z, and z=1\nsignals, the border between the nonsingular and singular regions of the local\nsusceptibility. For strong enough disorder, which approximately corresponds to\na uniform distribution, a transition into the random singlet phase is detected,\nat which the string order parameter as well as the average end-to-end\ncorrelation function are vanishing and at the same time the dynamical exponent\nis divergent. Singularities of physical quantities are found to be somewhat\ndifferent in the random singlet phase and in the critical point.",
        "positive": "\"Swarm relaxation\": Equilibrating a large ensemble of computer\n  simulations: It is common practice in molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo computer\nsimulations to run multiple, separately-initialized simulations in order to\nimprove the sampling of independent microstates. Here we examine the utility of\nan extreme case of this strategy, in which we run a large ensemble of $M$\nindependent simulations (a \"swarm\"), each of which is relaxed to equilibrium.\nWe show that if $M$ is of order $10^3$, we can monitor the swarm's relaxation\nto equilibrium, and confirm its attainment, within $\\sim 10\\bar\\tau$, where\n$\\bar\\tau$ is the equilibrium relaxation time. As soon as a swarm of this size\nattains equilibrium, the ensemble of $M$ final microstates from each run is\nsufficient for the evaluation of most equilibrium properties without further\nsampling. This approach dramatically reduces the wall-clock time required,\ncompared to a single long simulation, by a factor of several hundred, at the\ncost of an increase in the total computational effort by a small factor. It is\nalso well-suited to modern computing systems having thousands of processors,\nand is a viable strategy for simulation studies that need to produce\nhigh-precision results in a minimum of wall-clock time. We present results\nobtained by applying this approach to several test cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Study of planar Ising ferromagnet on the triangular lattice with\n  selective dilution: In the paper the Curie temperatures of selectively diluted planar Ising\nferromagnet on the triangular lattice are calculated vs. concentration of\nmagnetic atoms. Various analytical approaches are compared with the exact\nnumerical calculations for finite clusters, as well as with the exact\nanalytical solutions for the triangular and honeycomb lattices.",
        "positive": "Parrondo games as disordered systems: Parrondo's paradox refers to the counter-intuitive situation where a winning\nstrategy results from a suitable combination of losing ones. Simple stochastic\ngames exhibiting this paradox have been introduced around the turn of the\nmillennium. The common setting of these Parrondo games is that two rules, $A$\nand $B$, are played at discrete time steps, following either a periodic pattern\nor an aperiodic one, be it deterministic or random. These games can be mapped\nonto 1D random walks. In capital-dependent games, the probabilities of moving\nright or left depend on the walker's position modulo some integer $K$. In\nhistory-dependent games, each step is correlated with the $Q$ previous ones. In\nboth cases the gain identifies with the velocity of the walker's ballistic\nmotion, which depends non-linearly on model parameters, allowing for the\npossibility of Parrondo's paradox. Calculating the gain involves products of\nnon-commuting Markov matrices, which are somehow analogous to the transfer\nmatrices used in the physics of 1D disordered systems. Elaborating upon this\nanalogy, we study a paradigmatic Parrondo game of each class in the neutral\nsituation where each rule, when played alone, is fair. The main emphasis of\nthis systematic approach is on the dependence of the gain on the remaining\nparameters and, above all, on the game, i.e., the rule pattern, be it periodic\nor aperiodic, deterministic or random. One of the most original sides of this\nwork is the identification of weak-contrast regimes for capital-dependent and\nhistory-dependent Parrondo games, and a detailed quantitative investigation of\nthe gain in the latter scaling regimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Harvesting Thermal Fluctuations: Activation Process Induced by a\n  Nonlinear Chain in Thermal Equilibrium: We present a model in which the immediate environment of a bistable system is\na molecular chain which in turn is connected to a thermal environment of the\nLangevin form. The molecular chain consists of masses connected by harmonic or\nby anharmonic springs. The distribution, intensity, and mobility of thermal\nfluctuations in these chains is strongly dependent on the nature of the springs\nand leads to different transition dynamics for the activated process. Thus, all\nelse (temperature, damping, coupling parameters between the chain and the\nbistable system) being the same, the hard chain may provide an environment\ndescribed as diffusion-limited and more effective in the activation process,\nwhile the soft chain may provide an environment described as energy-limited and\nless effective. The importance of a detailed understanding of the thermal\nenvironment toward the understanding of the activation process itself is thus\nhighlighted.",
        "positive": "Infinite-randomness criticality in a randomly layered Heisenberg magnet: We study the ferromagnetic phase transition in a randomly layered Heisenberg\nmagnet using large-scale Monte-Carlo simulations. Our results provide numerical\nevidence for the infinite-randomness scenario recently predicted within a\n{strong-disorder renormalization group approach}. Specifically, we investigate\nthe finite-size scaling behavior of the magnetic susceptibility which is\ncharacterized by a non-universal power-law divergence in the Griffiths phase.\n  We also study the perpendicular and parallel spin-wave stiffnesses in the\nGriffiths phase. In agreement with the theoretical predictions, the parallel\nstiffness is nonzero for all temperatures $T<T_c$. In contrast, the\nperpendicular stiffness remains zero in part of the ordered phase, giving rise\nto anomalous elasticity. In addition, we calculate the in-plane correlation\nlength which diverges already inside the disordered phase at a temperature\nsignificantly higher than $T_c$. The time autocorrelation function within model\n$A$ dynamics displays an ultraslow logarithmic decay at criticality and a\nnonuniversal power-law in the Griffiths phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Direct numerical method for counting statistics in stochastic processes: We propose a direct numerical method to calculate the statistics of the\nnumber of transitions in stochastic processes, without having to resort to\nMonte Carlo calculations. The method is based on a generating function method,\nand arbitrary moments of the probability distribution of the number of\ntransitions are in principle calculated by solving numerically a system of\ncoupled differential equations. As an example, a two state model with a\ntime-dependent transition matrix is considered and the first, second and third\nmoments of the current are calculated. This calculation scheme is applicable\nfor any stochastic process with a finite state space, and it would be helpful\nto study current statistics in nonequilibrium systems.",
        "positive": "Non-Perturbative Functional Renormalization Group for Random Field\n  Models and Related Disordered Systems. I: Effective Average Action Formalism: We have developed a nonperturbative functional renormalization group approach\nfor random field models and related disordered systems for which, due to the\nexistence of many metastable states, conventional perturbation theory often\nfails. The approach combines an exact renormalization group equation for the\neffective average action with a nonperturbative approximation scheme based on a\ndescription of the probability distribution of the renormalized disorder\nthrough its cumulants. For the random field $O(N)$ model, the minimal\ntruncation within this scheme is shown to reproduce the known perturbative\nresults in the appropriate limits, near the upper and lower critical dimensions\nand at large number $N$ of components, while providing a unified\nnonperturbative description of the full $(N,d)$ plane, where $d$ is the spatial\ndimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stretching an heteropolymer: We study the influence of some quenched disorder in the sequence of monomers\non the entropic elasticity of long polymeric chains. Starting from the\nKratky-Porod model, we show numerically that some randomness in the favoured\nangles between successive segments induces a change in the elongation versus\nforce characteristics, and this change can be well described by a simple\nrenormalisation of the elastic constant. The effective coupling constant is\ncomputed by an analytic study of the low force regime.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of the classical spin triangle: The classical spin system consisting of three spins with Heisenberg\ninteraction is an example of a completely integrable mechanical system. In this\npaper we explicitly calculate thermodynamic quantities as density of states,\nspecific heat, susceptibility and spin autocorrelation functions. These\ncalculations are performed (semi-)analytically and shown to agree with\ncorresponding Monte Carlo simulations. For the long-time autocorrelation\nfunction, we find, for certain values of the coupling constants, a decay to\nconstant values in the form of an $1/t$ damped harmonic oscillation and propose\na theoretical explanation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bagnold scaling, density plateau, and kinetic theory analysis of dense\n  granular flow: We investigate the bulk rheology of dense granular flow down a rough slope,\nwhere the density profile has been found to show a plateau except for the\nboundary layers in simulations [Silbert {\\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 64},\n051302 (2001)]. It is demonstrated that both the Bagnold scaling and the\nframework of kinetic theory are applicable in the bulk, which allows us to\nextract the constitutive relations from simulation data. The detailed\ncomparison of our data with the kinetic theory shows quantitative agreement for\nthe normal and shear stresses, but there exists slight discrepancy in the\nenergy dissipation, which causes rather large disagreement in the kinetic\ntheory analysis of the flow.",
        "positive": "A particle-based Ising model: We characterize equilibrium properties and relaxation dynamics of a\ntwo-dimensional lattice containing, at each site, two particles connected by a\ndouble-well potential (dumbbell). Dumbbells are oriented in the orthogonal\ndirection with respect to the lattice plane and interact with each other\nthrough a Lennard-Jones potential truncated at the nearest neighbor distance.\nWe show that the system's equilibrium properties are accurately described by a\ntwo-dimensional Ising model with an appropriate coupling constant. Moreover, we\ncharacterize the coarsening kinetics by calculating the cluster size as a\nfunction of time and compare the results with Monte Carlo simulations based on\nGlauber or reactive dynamics rate constants."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometrical selection in growing needles: We investigate the growth of needles from a flat substrate. We focus on the\nsituation when needles suddenly begin to grow from the seeds randomly\ndistributed on the line. The width of needles is ignored and we additionally\nassume that (i) the growth rate is the same for all needles; (ii) the direction\nof the growth of each needle is randomly chosen from the same distribution;\n(iii) whenever the tip of a needle hits the body of another needle, the former\nneedle freezes, while the latter continues to grow. We elucidate the large time\nbehavior by employing an exact analysis and the Boltzmann equation approach. We\nalso analyze the evolution when seeds are located on a half-line, on a finite\ninterval. Needles growing from the two-dimensional substrate are also examined.",
        "positive": "The advantage of L\u00e9vy strategies in intermittent search processes: Search strategies based on random walk processes with long-tailed jump length\ndistributions (Levy walks) on the one hand and intermittent behavior switching\nbetween local search and ballistic relocation phases on the other, have been\npreviously shown to be beneficial in stochastic target finding problems. We\nhere study a combination of both mechanisms: an intermittent process with Levy\ndistributed relocations. We demonstrate how Levy distributed relocations reduce\noversampling and thus further optimize the intermittent search strategy in the\ncritical situation of rare targets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous temperature-dependent heat transport in one-dimensional\n  momentum-conserving systems with soft-type interparticle interaction: We here numerically investigate the heat transport behavior in a\none-dimensional lattice with a soft-type (ST) anharmonic interparticle\ninteraction. It is found that with the increase of system's temperature, while\nthe introduction of ST anharmonicity softens phonons and decreases their\nvelocities, this type of nonlinearity like its counterpart of hard type (HT),\ncan still not be able to fully damp the longest wave phonons. Therefore, an\nanomalous temperature dependent heat transport with certain scaling properties\nsimilarly to those in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam like systems with HT interactions\ncan be seen. Our detailed examination from simulations well verify this\ntemperature dependent behavior.",
        "positive": "Coarsening Dynamics of Crystalline Thin Films: The formation of pyramid-like structures in thin-film growth on substrates\nwith a quadratic symmetry, e.g., {001} surfaces, is shown to exhibit\nanisotropic scaling as there exist two length scales with different time\ndependences. Analytical and numerical results indicate that for most\nrealizations coarsening of mounds is described by an exponent n=0.2357.\nHowever, depending on material parameters, n may lie between 0 (logarithmic\ncoarsening) and 1/3. In contrast, growth on substrates with triangular\nsymmetries ({111} surfaces) is dominated by a single length scale and an\nexponent n=1/3."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Overdamped limit and inverse friction expansion for the Brownian motion\n  in an inhomogeneous medium: We revisit the problem of the overdamped (large friction) limit of the\nBrownian dynamics in an inhomogeneous medium characterized by a\nposition-dependent friction coefficient and a multiplicative noise (local\ntemperature) in one space dimension. Starting from the Kramers equation and\nanalyzing it through the expansion in terms of eigenfunctions of a quantum\nharmonic oscillator, we derive analytically the corresponding Fokker-Planck\nequation in the overdamped limit. The result is fully consistent with the\nprevious finding by Sancho, San Miguel, and D\\\"urr \\cite{Sanc82}. Our method\nallows us to generalize the Brinkman's hierarchy, and thus it would be\nstraightforward to obtain higher-order corrections in a systematic inverse\nfriction expansion without any assumption. Our results are confirmed by\nnumerical simulations for simple examples.",
        "positive": "Anomalous diffusion on crumpled wires in two dimensions: It is investigated the statistical properties of random walks evolving on\nreal configurations of a crumpled wire rigidly jammed in two dimensions. These\ncrumpled hierarchical structures with complex topology are obtained from a\nmetallic wire injected at a constant rate into a transparent planar cell of\n20cm of diameter. The observed diffusion is anomalous with an exponent very\nclose to that obtained at the threshold of two dimensional percolation. A\ncomparison of the system studied in this paper with other systems of physical\ninterest is also made, and an experimental consequence of our results is\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rare regions and Griffiths singularities at a clean critical point: The\n  five-dimensional disordered contact process: We investigate the nonequilibrium phase transition of the disordered contact\nprocess in five space dimensions by means of optimal fluctuation theory and\nMonte Carlo simulations. We find that the critical behavior is of mean-field\ntype, i.e., identical to that of the clean five-dimensional contact process. It\nis accompanied by off-critical power-law Griffiths singularities whose\ndynamical exponent $z'$ saturates at a finite value as the transition is\napproached. These findings resolve the apparent contradiction between the\nHarris criterion which implies that weak disorder is renormalization-group\nirrelevant and the rare-region classification which predicts unconventional\nbehavior. We confirm and illustrate our theory by large-scale Monte-Carlo\nsimulations of systems with up to $70^5$ sites. We also relate our results to a\nrecently established general relation between the Harris criterion and\nGriffiths singularities [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 112}, 075702 (2014)], and we\ndiscuss implications for other phase transitions.",
        "positive": "Free-energy transduction within autonomous systems: The excess work required to drive a stochastic system out of thermodynamic\nequilibrium through a time-dependent external perturbation is directly related\nto the amount of entropy produced during the driving process, allowing excess\nwork and entropy production to be used interchangeably to quantify dissipation.\nGiven the common intuition of biological molecular machines as internally\ncommunicating work between components, it is tempting to extend this\ncorrespondence to the driving of one component of an autonomous system by\nanother; however, no such relation between the internal excess work and entropy\nproduction exists. Here we introduce the `transduced additional free energy\nrate' between strongly coupled subsystems of an autonomous system, that is\nanalogous to the excess power in systems driven by an external control\nparameter that receives no feedback from the system. We prove that this is a\nrelevant measure of dissipation -- in that it equals the steady-state entropy\nproduction rate due to the downstream subsystem -- and demonstrate its\nadvantages with a simple model system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergence of pseudo-time during optimal Monte Carlo sampling and\n  temporal aspects of symmetry breaking and restoration: We argue that one can associate a pseudo-time with sequences of\nconfigurations generated in the course of classical Monte Carlo simulations for\na single-minimum bound state, if the sampling is optimal. Hereby the sampling\nrates can be, under special circumstances, calibrated against the relaxation\nrate and frequency of motion of an actual physical system. The latter\npossibility is linked to the optimal sampling regime being a universal\ncrossover separating two distinct suboptimal sampling regimes analogous to the\nphysical phenomena of diffusion and effusion, respectively. Bound states break\nsymmetry; one may thus regard the pseudo-time as a quantity emerging together\nwith the bound state. Conversely, when transport among distinct bound states\ntakes place -- thus restoring symmetry -- a pseudo-time can no longer be\ndefined. One can still quantify activation barriers, if the latter barriers are\nsmooth, but the simulation becomes impractically slow and pertains to\noverdamped transport only. Specially designed Monte Carlo moves that bypass\nactivation barriers -- so as to accelerate sampling of the thermodynamics --\namount to effusive transport and lead to severe under-sampling of\ntransition-state configurations that separate distinct bound states while\ndestroying the said universality. Implications of the present findings for\nsimulations of glassy liquids are discussed.",
        "positive": "Modified spin-wave description of the nuclear spin relaxation in\n  ferrimagnetic Heisenberg chains: We make a modified spin-wave description of the nuclear spin relaxation in\nHeisenberg alternating-spin chains with antiferromagnetic exchange coupling. In\ncontrast with the conventional one-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin-wave\ntheory, which is plagued with the divergence of the sublattice magnetization\neven in the ground state, the present spin-wave description is highly\nsuccessful over a wide temperature range. The temperature dependence of the\nrelaxation rate $T_1^{-1}$ significantly varies with the crystalline structure,\nexhibiting both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic aspects. $T_1^{-1}$ further\nshows a unique dependence on the applied field, which turns out an indirect\nobservation of the quadratic dispersion relations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nearest-neighbor connectedness theory: A general approach to continuum\n  percolation: We introduce a method to estimate continuum percolation thresholds and\nillustrate its usefulness by investigating geometric percolation of\nnon-interacting line segments and disks in two spatial dimensions. These\nexamples serve as models for electrical percolation of elongated and flat\nnanofillers in thin film composites. While the standard contact volume argument\nand extensions thereof in connectedness percolation theory yield accurate\npredictions for slender nanofillers in three dimensions, they fail to do so in\ntwo dimensions, making our test a stringent one. In fact, neither a systematic\norder-by-order correction to the standard argument nor invoking the\nconnectedness version of the Percus-Yevick approximation yield significant\nimprovements for either type of particle. Making use of simple geometric\nconsiderations, our new method predicts a percolation threshold of $\\rho_c l^2\n\\approx 5.83$ for segments of length $l$, which is close to the $\\rho_c l^2\n\\approx 5.64$ found in Monte Carlo simulations. For disks of area $a$ we find\n$\\rho_c a \\approx 1.00$, close to the Monte Carlo result of $\\rho_c a \\approx\n1.13$. We discuss the shortcomings of the conventional approaches and explain\nhow usage of the nearest-neighbor distribution in our new method bypasses those\ncomplications.",
        "positive": "Universal properties of population dynamics with fluctuating resources: Starting from the well-known field theory for directed percolation, we\ndescribe an evolving population, near extinction, in an environment with its\nown nontrivial spatio-temporal dynamics. Here, we consider the special case\nwhere the environment follows a simple relaxational (Model A) dynamics. Two new\noperators emerge, with upper critical dimension of four, which couple the two\ntheories in a nontrivial way. While the Wilson-Fisher fixed point remains\ncompletely unaffected, a mismatch of time scales destabilizes the usual DP\nfixed point, suggesting a crossover to a first order transition from the active\n(surviving) to the inactive (extinct) state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Step Heat Profile in Localized Chains: We consider two types of strongly disordered one-dimensional Hamiltonian\nsystems coupled to baths (energy or particle reservoirs) at the boundaries:\nstrongly disordered quantum spin chains and disordered classical harmonic\noscillators. These systems are believed to exhibit localization, implying in\nparticular that the conductivity decays exponentially in the chain length $L$.\nWe ask however for the profile of the (very slowly) transported quantity in the\nsteady state. We find that this profile is a step-function, jumping in the\nmiddle of the chain from the value set by the left bath to the value set by the\nright bath. The width of the step grows not faster than $\\sqrt{L}$. This is\nconfirmed by numerics on a disordered quantum spin chain of 9 spins and on much\nlonger chains of harmonic oscillators. In the case of harmonic oscillators, we\nalso observe a drastic breakdown of local equilibrium at the step, resulting in\na chaotic temperature profile.",
        "positive": "Investigation of entanglement measures across the magnetization process\n  of a highly frustrated spin-1/2 Heisenberg octahedral chain as a new paradigm\n  of the localized-magnon approach: The bipartite entanglement across the magnetization process of a highly\nfrustrated spin-1/2 Heisenberg octahedral chain is examined within the concept\nof localized magnons, which enables a simple calculation of the concurrence\nmeasuring a strength of the pairwise entanglement between nearest-neighbor and\nnext-nearest-neighbor spins from square plaquettes. A full exact\ndiagonalization of the finite-size Heisenberg octahedral chain with up to 4\nunit cells (20 spins) evidences an extraordinary high precision of the\nlocalized-magnon theory in predicting measures of the bipartite entanglement at\nsufficiently low temperatures. While the monomer-tetramer phase emergent at low\nenough magnetic fields exhibits presence (absence) of the bipartite\nentanglement between the nearest-neighbor (next-nearest-neighbor) spins, the\nmagnon-crystal phase emergent below the saturation field contrarily displays\nidentical bipartite entanglement between the nearest-neighbor and\nnext-nearest-neighbor spins. The presented results verify a new paradigm of the\nlocalized-magnon approach concerned with a simple calculation of entanglement\nmeasures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heterogeneous volatility cascade in financial markets: Using high frequency data, we have studied empirically the change of\nvolatility, also called volatility derivative, for various time horizons. In\nparticular, the correlation between the volatility derivative and the\nvolatility realized in the next time period is a measure of the response\nfunction of the market participants. This correlation shows explicitly the\nheterogeneous structure of the market according to the characteristic time\nhorizons of the differents agents. It reveals a volatility cascade from long to\nshort time horizons, with a structure different from the one observed in\nturbulence. Moreover, we have developed a new ARCH-type model which\nincorporates the different groups of agents, with their characteristic memory.\nThis model reproduces well the empirical response function, and allows us to\nquantify the importance of each group.",
        "positive": "Generalized Bond Order Parameters to Characterize Transient Crystals: Higher order parameters in the hard disk fluid are computed to investigate\nthe number, the life time and size of transient crystal nuclei in the\npre-freezing phase. The methodology introduces further neighbor shells bond\norientational order parameters and coarse-grains the correlation functions\nneeded for the evaluation of the stress autocorrelation function for the\nviscosity. We successfully reproduce results by the previous collision method\nfor the pair orientational correlation function, but some two orders of\nmagnitude faster. This speed-up allows calculating the time dependent four body\norientational correlation between two different pairs of particles as a\nfunction of their separation, needed to characterize the size of the transient\ncrystals. The result is that the slow decay of the stress autocorrelation\nfunction near freezing is due to a large number of rather small crystal nuclei\nlasting long enough to lead to the molasses tail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New Monte Carlo method for planar Poisson-Voronoi cells: By a new Monte Carlo algorithm we evaluate the sidedness probability p_n of a\nplanar Poisson-Voronoi cell in the range 3 \\leq n \\leq 1600. The algorithm is\ndeveloped on the basis of earlier theoretical work; it exploits, in particular,\nthe known asymptotic behavior of p_n as n\\to\\infty. Our p_n values all have\nbetween four and six significant digits. Accurate n dependent averages, second\nmoments, and variances are obtained for the cell area and the cell perimeter.\nThe numerical large n behavior of these quantities is analyzed in terms of\nasymptotic power series in 1/n. Snapshots are shown of typical occurrences of\nextremely rare events implicating cells of up to n=1600 sides embedded in an\nordinary Poisson-Voronoi diagram. We reveal and discuss the characteristic\nfeatures of such many-sided cells and their immediate environment. Their\nrelevance for observable properties is stressed.",
        "positive": "Nucleation theory and the phase diagram of the magnetization-reversal\n  transition: The phase diagram of the dynamic magnetization-reversal transition in pure\nIsing systems under a pulsed field competing with the existing order can be\nexplained satisfactorily using the classical nucleation theory. Indications of\nsingle-domain and multi-domain nucleation and of the corresponding changes in\nthe nucleation rates are clearly observed. The nature of the second time scale\nof relaxation, apart from the field driven nucleation time, and the origin of\nits unusual large values at the phase boundary are explained from the\ndisappearing tendency of kinks on the domain wall surfaces after the withdrawal\nof the pulse. The possibility of scaling behaviour in the multi-domain regime\nis identified and compared with the earlier observations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fifty years of Wilsonian renormalization and counting: Renormalization began as a tool to eliminate divergences in quantum\nelectrodynamics but it is now the basis of our understanding of physics at\ndifferent energy scales. I review its evolution with an eye towards physics\nbeyond the Wilsonian paradigm.",
        "positive": "A morphological study of cluster dynamics between critical points: We study the geometric properties of a system initially in equilibrium at a\ncritical point that is suddenly quenched to another critical point and\nsubsequently evolves towards the new equilibrium state. We focus on the\nbidimensional Ising model and we use numerical methods to characterize the\nmorphological and statistical properties of spin and Fortuin-Kasteleyn clusters\nduring the critical evolution. The analysis of the dynamics of an out of\nequilibrium interface is also performed. We show that the small scale\nproperties, smaller than the target critical growing length $\\xi(t) \\sim\nt^{1/z}$ with $z$ the dynamic exponent, are characterized by equilibrium at the\nworking critical point, while the large scale properties, larger than the\ncritical growing length, are those of the initial critical point. These\nfeatures are similar to what was found for sub-critical quenches. We argue that\nquenches between critical points could be amenable to a more detailed\nanalytical description."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Validity of path thermodynamics in reactive systems'': The paper by Malek Mansour and Garcia [Phys. Rev. E 101, 052135 (2020)] is\nshown to be based on misconceptions in the stochastic formulation of chemical\nthermodynamics in reactive systems. Their erroneous claims, asserting that\nentropy production cannot be correctly evaluated using path probabilities\nwhenever the reactive system involves more than one elementary reaction leading\nto the same composition changes, are refuted.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in a network with range dependent connection\n  probability: We consider a one-dimensional network in which the nodes at Euclidean\ndistance $l$ can have long range connections with a probabilty $P(l) \\sim\nl^{-\\delta}$ in addition to nearest neighbour connections. This system has been\nshown to exhibit small world behaviour for $\\delta < 2$ above which its\nbehaviour is like a regular lattice. From the study of the clustering\ncoefficients, we show that there is a transition to a random network at $\\delta\n= 1$. The finite size scaling analysis of the clustering coefficients obtained\nfrom numerical simulations indicate that a continuous phase transition occurs\nat this point. Using these results, we find that the two transitions occurring\nin this network can be detected in any dimension by the behaviour of a single\nquantity, the average bond length. The phase transitions in all dimensions are\nnon-trivial in nature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modeling an efficient Brownian heat engine: We discuss the effect of subdividing the ratchet potential on the performance\nof a tiny Brownian heat engine that is modeled as a Brownian particle hopping\nin a viscous medium in a sawtooth potential (with or without load) assisted by\nalternately placed hot and cold heat baths along its path. We show that the\nvelocity, the efficiency and the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator\nmaximize when the sawtooth potential is subdivided into series of smaller\nconnected barrier series. When the engine operates quasistatically, we\nanalytically show that the efficiency of the engine can not approach the Carnot\nefficiency and, the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator is always\nless than the Carnot refrigerator due to the irreversible heat flow via the\nkinetic energy.",
        "positive": "Multifractals of Normalized First Passage Time in Sierpinski Gasket: The multifractal behavior of the normalized first passage time is\ninvestigated on the two dimensional Sierpinski gasket with both absorbing and\nreflecting barriers. The normalized first passage time for Sinai model and the\nlogistic model to arrive at the absorbing barrier after starting from an\narbitrary site, especially obtained by the calculation via the Monte Carlo\nsimulation, is discussed numerically. The generalized dimension and the\nspectrum are also estimated from the distribution of the normalized first\npassage time, and compared with the results on the finitely square lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diabatic quantum and classical annealing of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick\n  model: Quantum annealing is a contender to solve combinatorial optimization problems\nbased on quantum dynamics. While significant efforts have been undertaken to\ninvestigate the quality of the solutions and the required runtimes, much less\nattention has been paid to understanding the dynamics of quantum annealing and\nthe process leading to the solution during the sweep itself. In this\ncomprehensive study, we investigate various aspects of the quantum annealing\ndynamics using different approaches. We perform quantum annealing, simulated\nquantum annealing, and classical annealing on several hundred instances of the\nSherrington-Kirkpatrick model with intermediate system sizes up to 22 spins\nusing numerical simulations. We observe qualitative differences between the\nquantum and classical methods, in particular at intermediate times, where a\npeak in the fidelity, also known as diabatic bump, appears for hard instances.\nFurthermore, we investigate the two-point correlation functions, which feature\ndifferences at intermediate times as well. At short times, however, the methods\nare similar again, which can be explained by relating the short-time expansion\nof quantum annealing to a high-temperature expansion, thus allowing in\nprinciple to find the classical solution already at short times, albeit at\nprohibitive sampling cost.",
        "positive": "Size distributions reveal regime transition of lake systems under\n  different dominant driving forces: Power law size distribution is found to associate with fractal,\nself-organized behaviors and patterns of complex systems. Such distribution\nalso emerges from natural lakes, with potentially important links to the\ndynamics of lake systems. But the driving mechanism that generates and shapes\nthis feature in lake systems remains unclear. Moreover, the power law itself\nwas found inadequate for fully describing the size distribution of lakes, due\nto deviations at the two ends of size range. Based on observed and simulated\nlakes in 11 hydro-climatic zones of China, we established a conceptual model\nfor lake systems, which covers the whole size range of lake size distribution\nand reveals the underlying driving mechanism. The full lake size distribution\nis composed of three components, with three phases featured by exponential,\nstretched-exponential and power law distribution. The three phases represent\nsystem states with successively increasing degrees of heterogeneity and\norderliness, and more importantly, indicate the dominance of exogenic and\nendogenic forces, respectively. As the dominant driving force changes from\nendogenic to exogenic, a phase transition occurs with lake size distribution\nshifted from power law to stretched-exponential and further to exponential\ndistribution. Apart from compressing the power law phase, exogenic force also\nincreases its scaling exponent, driving the corresponding lake size power\nspectrum into the regime of blue noise. During this process, the\nautocorrelation function of the lake system diverges with a possibility of\ngoing to infinity, indicating the loss of system resilience."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Experimental evidence of stochastic resonance without tuning due to non\n  Gaussian noises: In order to test theoretical predictions, we have studied the phenomenon of\nstochastic resonance in an electronic experimental system driven by white non\nGaussian noise. In agreement with the theoretical predictions our main findings\nare: an enhancement of the sensibility of the system together with a remarkable\nwidening of the response (robustness). This implies that even a single resonant\nunit can reach a marked reduction in the need of noise tuning.",
        "positive": "Restricted permutations for the simple exclusion process in discrete\n  time over graphs: Exclusion processes became paradigmatic models of nonequilibrium interacting\nparticle systems of wide range applicability both across the natural and the\napplied, social and technological sciences. Usually they are defined as a\ncontinuous-time stochastic process, but in many situations it would be\ndesirable to have a discrete-time version of them. There is no generally\napplicable formalism for exclusion processes in discrete-time. In this paper we\ndefine the symmetric simple exclusion process in discrete time over graphs by\nmeans of restricted permutations over the labels of the vertices of the graphs\nand describe a straightforward sequential importance sampling algorithm to\nsimulate the process. We investigate the approach to stationarity of the\nprocess over loop-augmented Bollob\\'as-Chung \"cycle-with-matches\" graphs. In\nall cases the approach is algebraic with an exponent varying between $1$ and\n$2$ depending on the number of matches."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time Evolution of Entropy in a Growth model: Dependence on the\n  Description: Entropy plays a key role in statistical physics of complex systems, which in\ngeneral exhibit diverse aspects of emergence on different scales. However, it\nstill remains not fully resolved how entropy varies with the coarse-graining\nlevel and the description scale. In this paper, we consider a Yule-type growth\nmodel, where each element is characterized by its size being either continuous\nor discrete. Entropy is then defined directly from the probability distribution\nof the states of all elements as well as from the size distribution of the\nsystem. Probing in detail their relations and time evolutions, we find that\nheterogeneity in addition to correlations between elements could induce loss of\ninformation during the coarse-graining procedure. It is also revealed that the\nexpansion of the size space domain depends on the description level, leading to\na difference between the continuous description and the discrete one.",
        "positive": "The roughening transition of interfaces in disordered media: Competing pinning effects on a D-dimensional interface by weak impurity\ndisorder and a periodic potential of the underlying crystal lattice are\nanalyzed for $2<D<4$. We use both the Gaussian variational method (GVM) and the\nfunctional renormalization group $\\epsilon=4-D$ expansion (FRG) which yield\ndifferent phase diagrams: Whereas the FRG always predicts a rough phase with\nirrelevant lattice pinning, the GVM in combination with a three parameter RG\nfor the random potential [T. Nattermann, H. Leschhorn, Europhys. Lett. 16\n(1991) 603] leads to a roughening transition of first order. For random bond\ndisorder we compute self-consistently the effective lattice potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Accelerated growth of networks: In many real growing networks the mean number of connections per vertex\nincreases with time. The Internet, the Word Wide Web, collaboration networks,\nand many others display this behavior. Such a growth can be called {\\em\naccelerated}. We show that this acceleration influences distribution of\nconnections and may determine the structure of a network. We discuss general\nconsequences of the acceleration and demonstrate its features applying simple\nillustrating examples. In particular, we show that the accelerated growth\nfairly well explains the structure of the Word Web (the network of interacting\nwords of human language). Also, we use the models of the accelerated growth of\nnetworks to describe a wealth condensation transition in evolving societies.",
        "positive": "Controlling activated processes: The rates of activated processes, such as escape from a metastable state and\nnucleation, are exponentially sensitive to an externally applied field. We\ndescribe how this applies to modulation by high-frequency fields and illustrate\nit with experimental observations. The results may lead to selective control of\ndiffusion in periodic potentials, novel control mechanisms for crystal growth,\nand new separation techniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dephasing and the steady state in quantum many-particle systems: We discuss relaxation in bosonic and fermionic many-particle systems. For\nintegrable systems, the time evolution can cause a dephasing effect, leading\nfor finite subsystems to certain steady states. We give an explicit derivation\nof those steady subsystem states and devise sufficient prerequisites for the\ndephasing to take place. We also find simple scenarios, in which dephasing is\nineffective and discuss the dependence on dimensionality and criticality. It\nfollows further that, after a quench of system parameters, bipartite\nentanglement entropy will become extensive. This provides a way of creating\nstrong entanglement in a controlled fashion.",
        "positive": "Ferromagnetic Domain Walls in finite systems: mean-field critical\n  exponents and applications: The distribution of magnetic moments in finite ferromagnetic bodies was first\ninvestigated by Landau and Lifshitz in a famous paper [\\textit{Phys. Z. Soviet\nUnion}, \\textbf{8}, 153 (1935)], where they obtained the domain structure of a\nferromagnetic crystal at low temperatures, in the regime of saturated\nmagnetization. In this article, we investigate the general properties of\nferromagnetic domain walls of uniaxial crystals from the view point of the\nLandau free energy. We present the basic ideas at an introductory level, for\nnon-experts. Extending the formalism to the vicinity of the Curie temperature,\nwhere a general qualitative description by the Landau theory of phase\ntransitions can be applied, we find that domain walls tend to suppress the\nlayers, leading to a continuous vanishing of the domain structure with\nanomalous critical exponents. In the saturated regime, we discuss the role of\ndomain walls in mesoscopic systems and ferromagnetic nanojunctions, relating\nthe observed magnetoresistance with promising applications in the recent area\nof spintronics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local power fluctuations in two-dimensional turbulence: The statistics of power fluctuations are studied in simulations of\ntwo-dimensional turbulence in both inverse (energy) and direct (enstrophy)\ncascade regimes from both Lagrangian and Eulerian perspectives. The probability\ndensity function (PDF) of the appropriately defined dimensionless power is\nstrongly non-gaussian with asymmetric exponential tails. This distribution can\nbe modeled by the distribution of the product of correlated normal variables\nallowing a derivation of the asymptotics of the tails. The PDF of the\ndimensionless power is shown to exhibit an empirical Fluctuation Relation. An\nexpression for the entropy production rate is deduced from the asymptotic form\nof the power PDF and is found to agree very well with the measured entropy\nrate.",
        "positive": "First Order Phase Transition and Phase Coexistence in a Spin-Glass Model: We study the mean-field static solution of the Blume-Emery-Griffiths-Capel\nmodel with quenched disorder, an Ising-spin lattice gas with quenched random\nmagnetic interaction. The thermodynamics is worked out in the Full Replica\nSymmetry Breaking scheme. The model exhibits a high temperature/low density\nparamagnetic phase. When the temperature is decreased or the density increased,\nthe system undergoes a phase transition to a Full Replica Symmetry Breaking\nspin-glass phase. The nature of the transition can be either of the second\norder\n  (like in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model) or, at temperature below a given\ncritical value (tricritical point), of the first order in the Ehrenfest sense,\nwith a discontinuous jump of the order parameter and a latent heat. In this\nlast case coexistence of phases occurs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Kinetically Constrained Model with a Thermodynamic Flavor: Kinetically constrained models (KCM) generically have trivial thermodynamics\nand yet manifest rich glassy dynamics. In order to resolve the\nthermodynamics-dynamics disconnect in KCMs, we derive a KCM by coarse-graining\na non-trivial thermodynamic model with a solvable partition function. Blending\nof thermodynamics to the KCM makes the role of landscape properties on the\nrelaxation times, fragility and its crossover analytically transparent. Using\nBethe ansatz, we calculate the time-dependent $N$-point probability function in\nthe distinct dynamical regimes of the landscapes; the contribution of the\nglassy term is identified.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Equation of Motion Approach to Fermionic Dissipative\n  Dynamics. I. Formalism: In this work, we establish formally exact stochastic equations of motion\n(SEOM) theory to describe the dissipative dynamics of fermionic open systems.\nThe construction of the SEOM is based on a stochastic decoupling of the\ndissipative interaction between the system and fermionic environment, and the\ninfluence of environmental fluctuations on the reduced system dynamics is\ncharacterized by stochastic Grassmann fields. Meanwhile, numerical realization\nof the time-dependent Grassmann fields has remained a long-standing challenge.\nTo solve this problem, we propose a minimal auxiliary space (MAS) mapping\nscheme, with which the stochastic Grassmann fields are represented by\nconventional c-number fields along with a set of pseudo-levels. This eventually\nleads to a numerically feasible MAS-SEOM method. The important properties of\nthe MAS-SEOM are analyzed by making connection to the well-established\ntime-dependent perturbation theory and the hierarchical equations of motion\n(HEOM) theory. The MAS-SEOM method provides a potentially promising approach\nfor accurate and efficient simulation of fermionic open systems at ultra-low\ntemperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Packets of Diffusing Particles Exhibit Universal Exponential Tails: Brownian motion is a Gaussian process described by the central limit theorem.\nHowever, exponential decays of the positional probability density function\n$P(X,t)$ of packets of spreading random walkers, were observed in numerous\nsituations that include glasses, live cells and bacteria suspensions. We show\nthat such exponential behavior is generally valid in a large class of problems\nof transport in random media. By extending the Large Deviations approach for a\ncontinuous time random walk we uncover a general universal behavior for the\ndecay of the density. It is found that fluctuations in the number of steps of\nthe random walker, performed at finite time, lead to exponential decay (with\nlogarithmic corrections) of $P(X,t)$. This universal behavior holds also for\nshort times, a fact that makes experimental observations readily achievable.",
        "positive": "Mean Escape Time in a System with Stochastic Volatility: We study the mean escape time in a market model with stochastic volatility.\nThe process followed by the volatility is the Cox Ingersoll and Ross process\nwhich is widely used to model stock price fluctuations. The market model can be\nconsidered as a generalization of the Heston model, where the geometric\nBrownian motion is replaced by a random walk in the presence of a cubic\nnonlinearity. We investigate the statistical properties of the escape time of\nthe returns, from a given interval, as a function of the three parameters of\nthe model. We find that the noise can have a stabilizing effect on the system,\nas long as the global noise is not too high with respect to the effective\npotential barrier experienced by a fictitious Brownian particle. We compare the\nprobability density function of the return escape times of the model with those\nobtained from real market data. We find that they fit very well."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relation between Random Walks and Quantum Walks: Based on studies on four specific networks, we conjecture a general relation\nbetween the walk dimensions $d_{w}$ of discrete-time random walks and quantum\nwalks with the (self-inverse) Grover coin. In each case, we find that $d_{w}$\nof the quantum walk takes on exactly half the value found for the classical\nrandom walk on the same geometry. Since walks on homogeneous lattices satisfy\nthis relation trivially, our results for heterogeneous networks suggests that\nsuch a relation holds irrespective of whether translational invariance is\nmaintained or not. To develop our results, we extend the renormalization group\nanalysis (RG) of the stochastic master equation to one with a unitary\npropagator. As in the classical case, the solution $\\rho(x,t)$ in space and\ntime of this quantum walk equation exhibits a scaling collapse for a variable\n$x^{d_{w}}/t$ in the weak limit, which defines $d_{w}$ and illuminates\nfundamental aspects of the walk dynamics, e.g., its mean-square displacement.\nWe confirm the collapse for $\\rho(x,t)$ in each case with extensive numerical\nsimulation. The exact values for $d_{w}$ in themselves demonstrate that RG is a\npowerful complementary approach to study the asymptotics of quantum walks that\nweak-limit theorems have not been able to access, such as for systems lacking\ntranslational symmetries beyond simple trees.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of Rydberg-dressed atoms on two-leg square ladders:\n  Coupling supersymmetric conformal field theories on the lattice: We investigate the phase diagram of hard-core bosons in two-leg ladders in\nthe presence of soft-shoulder potentials. We show how the competition between\nlocal and non-local terms gives rise to a phase diagram with liquid phases with\ndominant cluster, spin-, and density-wave quasi-long-range ordering. These\nphases are separated by Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless, Gaussian, and\nsupersymmetric (SUSY) quantum critical transitions. For the latter, we provide\na phenomenological description of coupled SUSY conformal field theories, whose\npredictions are confirmed by matrix-product state simulations. Our results are\nmotivated by, and directly relevant to, recent experiments with Rydberg-dressed\natoms in optical lattices, where ladder dynamics has already been demonstrated,\nand emphasize the capabilities of these setups to investigate exotic quantum\nphenomena such as cluster liquids and coupled SUSY conformal field theories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Revisiting the Black-Scholes equation: In common finance literature, Black-Scholes partial differential equation of\noption pricing is usually derived with no-arbitrage principle. Considering an\nasset market, Merton applied the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman techniques of his\ncontinuous-time consumption-portfolio problem, deriving general equilibrium\nrelationships among the securities in the asset market. In special case where\nthe interest rate is constant, he rederived the Black-Scholes partial\ndifferential equation from the general equilibrium asset market. In this work,\nI follow Cox-Ingersoll-Ross formulation to consider an economy which includes\n(1) uncertain production processes, and (2) the random technology change.\nAssuming a random production stochastic process of constant drift and variance,\nand assuming a random technology change to follow a log normal process, the\nequilibrium point of this economy will lead to the Black-Scholes partial\ndifferential equation for option pricing.",
        "positive": "Momentum distribution of an interacting Bose-condensed gas at finite\n  temperature: We use a semiclassical two-fluid model to study the momentum distribution of\na Bose-condensed gas with repulsive interactions inside a harmonic trap at\nfinite temperature, with specific focus on atomic hydrogen. We give particular\nattention to the average kinetic energy, which is almost entirely associated\nwith the thermal cloud. A non-linear dependence of the kinetic energy on\ntemperature is displayed, affording a precise way to assess the temperature of\nthe gas. We also show that the kinetic energy increases with the strength of\nthe interactions, reflecting an enhanced rate of depletion of the condensate\nwith increasing temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Colored Percolation: A model named `Colored Percolation' has been introduced with its infinite\nnumber of versions in two dimensions. The sites of a regular lattice are\nrandomly occupied with probability $p$ and are then colored by one of the $n$\ndistinct colors using uniform probability $q = 1/n$. Denoting different colors\nby the letters of the Roman alphabet, we have studied different versions of the\nmodel like $AB, ABC, ABCD, ABCDE, ...$ etc. Here, only those lattice bonds\nhaving two different colored atoms at the ends are defined as connected. The\npercolation thresholds $p_c(n)$ asymptotically converges to its limiting value\nof $p_c$ as $1/n$. The model has been generalized by introducing a preference\ntowards a subset of colors when $m$ out of $n$ colors are selected with\nprobability $q/m$ each and rest of the colors are selected with probability $(1\n- q)/(n - m)$. It has been observed that $p_c(q,m)$ depends non-trivially on\n$q$ and has a minimum at $q_{min} = m/n$. In another generalization the\nfractions of bonds between similar and dissimilar colored atoms have been\ntreated as independent parameters. Phase diagrams in this parameter space have\nbeen drawn exhibiting percolating and non-percolating phases.",
        "positive": "Energy and number of collisions fluctuations in inelastic gases: We study by numerical simulations the two-dimensional Inelastic Maxwell Model\n(IMM), and show how the inelasticity of collisions together with the\nfluctuations of the number of collisions undergone by a particle lead to energy\nfluctuations that decay like a power-law. These fluctuations are associated to\na shrinking of the available phase space. We find the asymptotic scaling of\nthese energy fluctuations and show how they affect the tail of the velocity\ndistribution during long time intervals."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous vortex ring velocities induced by thermally-excited Kelvin\n  waves and counterflow effects in superfluids: Dynamical counterflow effects on vortex evolution under the truncated\nGross-Pitaevskii equation are investigated. Standard longitudinal mutual\nfriction effects are produced and a dilatation of vortex rings is obtained at\nlarge counterflow. A strong temperature-dependent anomalous slowdown of vortex\nrings is observed and attributed to the presence of thermally exited Kelvin\nwaves. This generic effect of finite-temperature superfluids is estimated using\nenergy equipartition and orders of magnitude are given for weakly interacting\nBose-Einstein condensates and superfluid $^4{\\rm He}$.",
        "positive": "Nonmonotonical crossover of the effective susceptibility exponent: We have numerically determined the behavior of the magnetic susceptibility\nupon approach of the critical point in two-dimensional spin systems with an\ninteraction range that was varied over nearly two orders of magnitude. The full\ncrossover from classical to Ising-like critical behavior, spanning several\ndecades in the reduced temperature, could be observed. Our results convincingly\nshow that the effective susceptibility exponent gamma_eff changes\nnonmonotonically from its classical to its Ising value when approaching the\ncritical point in the ordered phase. In the disordered phase the behavior is\nmonotonic. Furthermore the hypothesis that the crossover function is universal\nis supported."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards the molecular workshop: entropy-driven designer molecules,\n  entropy activation, and nanomechanical devices: We introduce some basic concepts for designer molecules with functional units\nwhich are driven by entropic rather than energetic forces. This idea profits\nfrom the mechanically interlocked nature of topological molecules such as\ncatenanes and rotaxanes, which allows for mobile elements whose accessible\nconfiguration space gives rise to entropic intramolecular forces. Such\nentropy-driven designer molecules open the possibility for externally\ncontrollable functional molecules and nanomechanical devices.",
        "positive": "Defects as a reason of continuity of normal-incommensurate phase\n  transitions: Almost all normal-incommensurate phase transitions observed experimentally\nare continuous. We show that there is not any theoretical reason for this\ngeneral behaviour in perfect crystals. A normal-incommensurate phase transition\nthat is not too far from the mean-field tricritical point should be\ndiscontinuous and it is highly improbable that so far reported\nnormal-incommensurate phase transitions lie very far from this point. To\nunderstand this behaviour we study influence of defects on a hypothetical\nfirst-order normal-incommensurate phase transition in a pure material. We have\nfound that this influence is strikingly different from that on other kinds of\nfirst-order phase transitions. The change of the discontinuity of the order\nparameter at the transition is negative and formally diverges within our\napproximate theory. At the same time the diminishing of the phase transition\ntemperature remains finite. We interpret these results as an indication that at\nleast some of the observed seemingly second-order normal-incommensurate\ntransitions would be first-order transitions in defectless crystals."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion limited aggregation as a Markovian process. Part I:\n  bond-sticking conditions: Cylindrical lattice Diffusion Limited Aggregation (DLA), with a narrow width\nN, is solved using a Markovian matrix method. This matrix contains the\nprobabilities that the front moves from one configuration to another at each\ngrowth step, calculated exactly by solving the Laplace equation and using the\nproper normalization. The method is applied for a series of approximations,\nwhich include only a finite number of rows near the front. The matrix is then\nused to find the weights of the steady state growing configurations and the\nrate of approaching this steady state stage. The former are then used to find\nthe average upward growth probability, the average steady-state density and the\nfractal dimensionality of the aggregate, which is extrapolated to a value near\n1.64.",
        "positive": "Quantized Laplacian growth, III: On conformal field theories of\n  Laplacian growth: A one-parametric stochastic dynamics of the interface in the quantized\nLaplacian growth with zero surface tension is introduced. The quantization\nprocedure regularizes the growth by preventing the formation of cusps at the\ninterface, and makes the interface dynamics chaotic. In a long time asymptotic,\nby coupling a conformal field theory to the stochastic growth process we\nintroduce a set of observables (the martingales), whose expectation values are\nconstant in time. The martingales are connected to degenerate representations\nof the Virasoro algebra, and can be written in terms of conformal correlation\nfunctions. A direct link between Laplacian growth and the conformal Liouville\nfield theory with the central charge $c\\geq25$ is proposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Stationarity as a Result of Sustained Random Growth: In sustained growth with random dynamics stationary distributions can exist\nwithout detailed balance. This suggests thermodynamical behavior in fast\ngrowing complex systems. In order to model such phenomena we apply both a\ndiscrete and a continuous master equation. The derivation of elementary rates\nfrom known stationary distributions is a generalization of the\nfluctuation--dissipation theorem. Entropic distance evolution is given for such\nsystems. We reconstruct distributions obtained for growing networks, particle\nproduction, scientific citations and income distribution.",
        "positive": "Modeling Melting in Binary Systems: A coarsened model for a binary system with limited miscibility of components\nis proposed; the system is described in terms of structural states in small\nparts of the material. The material is assumed to have two alternative types of\ncrystalline local arrangements associated with two components of the alloy.\nFluctuating characteristics of a cluster are the type and the space orientation\nof its crystalline arrangement. There are two different phase transitions in\nthe model system, an orientation order-disorder transition representing\nmelting, and a phase transition between phases differing in concentration of\ncomponents. Depending on the parameters characterizing the interaction in the\nsystem, this last transition may take place both in the crystalline and in the\namorphous (molten) phase. A special approximation is used to study the\nthermodynamics of the system. The calculated phase diagram describes, at least\nqualitatively, the most important features of a binary system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stability of families of probability distributions under reduction of\n  the number of degrees of freedom: We consider two classes of probability distributions for configurations of\nthe ideal gas. They depend only on kinetic energy and they remain of the same\nform when degrees of freedom are integrated out. The relation with equilibrium\ndistributions of Tsallis' thermostatistics is discussed.",
        "positive": "Universality under conditions of self-tuning: We study systems with a continuous phase transition that tune their\nparameters to maximize a quantity that diverges solely at a unique critical\npoint. Varying the size of these systems with dynamically adjusting parameters,\nthe same finite-size scaling is observed as in systems where all relevant\nparameters are fixed at their critical values. This scheme is studied using a\nself-tuning variant of the Ising model. It is contrasted with a scheme where\nsystems approach criticality through a target value for the order parameter\nthat vanishes with increasing system size. In the former scheme, the universal\nexponents are observed in naive finite-size scaling studies, whereas in the\nlatter they are not."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "General solution of the three-site master equation and the discrete\n  Riccati equation: We first obtain by analogy with the continuous (differential) case the\ngeneral solution of a discrete Riccati equation. Our results can be considered\nthe discrete analog of Mielnik's construction in supersymmetric quantum\nmechanics [J. Math. Phys. 25, 3387 (1984)]. Moreover, we establish the full\nequivalence between our discrete Riccati equation and a corresponding\nhomogeneous second order discrete linear equation. We present an application to\nthe three-site master equation obtaining explicitly the general solutions for\nthe simple cases of free random walk and the biased random walk",
        "positive": "Polymer Melt Viscosity: The research is important for a molecular theory of liquid and has a wide\ninterest as an example solving the problem when dynamic parameters of systems\ncan be indirectly connected with their equilibrium properties. In frameworks of\nthe reptation model the power law with the 3.5-exponent for the melt viscosity\nrelation to the molecular weight of flexible-chain polymer is obtained. In\norder to find the exponent close to experimental values it should be taken into\naccount the rotation vibration precession motion of chain ends with respect to\nthe polymer melt flow direction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling of Energy Dissipation in Nonequilibrium Reaction Networks: The energy dissipation rate in a nonequilibirum reaction system can be\ndetermined by the reaction rates in the underlying reaction network. By\ndeveloping a coarse-graining process in state space and a corresponding\nrenormalization procedure for reaction rates, we find that energy dissipation\nrate has an inverse power-law dependence on the number of microscopic states in\na coarse-grained state. The dissipation scaling law requires self-similarity of\nthe underlying network, and the scaling exponent depends on the network\nstructure and the flux correlation. Implications of this inverse dissipation\nscaling law for active flow systems such as microtubule-kinesin mixture are\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Statistical-mechanical analysis of compressed sensing for Hamiltonian\n  estimation of Ising spin glass: Several powerful machines, such as the D-Wave 2000Q, dedicated to solving\ncombinatorial optimization problems through the Ising-model formulation have\nbeen developed. To input problems into the machines, the unknown parameters on\nthe Ising model must be determined, and this is necessarily a nontrivial task.\nIt could be beneficial to construct a method to estimate the parameters of the\nIsing model from several pairs of values of the energy and spin configurations.\nIn the present paper, we propose a simple method employing the $L_1$-norm\nminimization, which is based on the concept of the compressed sensing.\nMoreover, we analyze the typical performance of our proposed method of the\nHamiltonian estimation by using the replica method. We also compare our\nanalytical results through several numerical experiments using the alternating\ndirection method of multipliers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions of antiferromagnetic Ising spins on the zigzag surface\n  of an asymmetrical Husimi lattice: An asymmetrical 2D Ising model with a zigzag surface, created by diagonally\ncutting a regular square lattice, has been developed to investigate the\nthermodynamics and phase transitions on surface by the methodology of recursive\nlattice, which we have previously applied to study polymers near a surface. The\nmodel retains the advantages of simple formulation and exact calculation of the\nconventional Bethe-like lattices. An antiferromagnetic Ising model is solved on\nthe surface of this lattice to evaluate thermal properties such as free energy,\nenergy density and entropy, from which we have successfully identified a first\norder order-disorder transition other than the spontaneous magnetization, and a\nsecondary transition on the supercooled state indicated by the Kauzmann\nparadox.",
        "positive": "Cumulants of heat transfer across nonlinear quantum systems: We consider thermal conduction across a general nonlinear phononic junction.\nBased on two-time observation protocol and the field theoretical/algebraic\nmethod, the cumulants of the heat transferred in both transient and\nsteady-state regimes are studied on an equal footing, and practical formulae\nfor the calculation of the cumulant generating function of heat transfer are\nobtained. As an application, the developed general formalism is used to study\nanharmonic effects on fluctuation of steady-state heat transfer across a\nsingle-site junction with a quartic nonlinear on-site pinning potential. An\nexplicit nonlinear modification to cumulant generating function exact up to the\nfirst order is given, in which Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation symmetry is\nverified. Numerically a self-consistent procedure is introduced, which works\nwell for strong nonlinearity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simplified Transfer Matrix Approach in the Two-Dimensional Ising Model\n  with Various Boundary Conditions: A recent simplified transfer matrix solution of the two-dimensional Ising\nmodel on a square lattice with periodic boundary conditions is generalized to\nperiodic-antiperiodic, antiperiodic-periodic and antiperiodic-antiperiodic\nboundary conditions. It is suggested to employ linear combinations of the\nresulting partition functions to investigate finite-size scaling. An exact\nrelation of such a combination to the partition function corresponding to\nBrascamp-Kunz boundary conditions is found.",
        "positive": "Matrix product representation and synthesis for random vectors: Insight\n  from statistical physics: Inspired from modern out-of-equilibrium statistical physics models, a matrix\nproduct based framework permits the formal definition of random vectors (and\nrandom time series) whose desired joint distributions are a priori prescribed.\nIts key feature consists of preserving the writing of the joint distribution as\nthe simple product structure it has under independence, while inputing\ncontrolled dependencies amongst components: This is obtained by replacing the\nproduct of distributions by a product of matrices of distributions. The\nstatistical properties stemming from this construction are studied\ntheoretically: The landscape of the attainable dependence structure is\nthoroughly depicted and a stationarity condition for time series is notably\nobtained. The remapping of this framework onto that of Hidden Markov Models\nenables us to devise an efficient and accurate practical synthesis procedure. A\ndesign procedure is also described permitting the tuning of model parameters to\nattain targeted properties. Pedagogical well-chosen examples of times series\nand multivariate vectors aim at illustrating the power and versatility of the\nproposed approach and at showing how targeted statistical properties can be\nactually prescribed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solvable model for the standard folklore of the glassy state: A model system with fast and slow processes is introduced. After integrating\nout the fast ones, the considered dynamics of the slow variables is exactly\nsolvable. In statics the system undergoes a Kauzmann transition to a glassy\nstate. The relaxation time obeys a generalized Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann-Hesse law.\nThe aging dynamics on the approach to and below the Kauzmann temperature is\nanalyzed; it has logarithmic behavior. The structure of the results could be\ngeneral, as they satisfy laws of thermodynamics far from equilibrium. The\noriginal VFTH law is on the border-line between the regime where only the\neffective temperature of the slow modes is needed, and the regime where also an\neffective field occurs. The production rates of entropy and heat are\ncalculated.",
        "positive": "Breakdown of thermalization in finite one-dimensional systems: We use quantum quenches to study the dynamics and thermalization of hardcore\nbosons in finite one-dimensional lattices. We perform exact diagonalizations\nand find that, far away from integrability, few-body observables thermalize. We\nthen study the breakdown of thermalization as one approaches an integrable\npoint. This is found to be a smooth process in which the predictions of\nstandard statistical mechanics continuously worsen as the system moves toward\nintegrability. We establish a direct connection between the presence or absence\nof thermalization and the validity or failure of the eigenstate thermalization\nhypothesis, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transition for parameter learning of Hidden Markov Models: We study a phase transition in parameter learning of Hidden Markov Models\n(HMMs). We do this by generating sequences of observed symbols from given\ndiscrete HMMs with uniformly distributed transition probabilities and a noise\nlevel encoded in the output probabilities. By using the Baum-Welch (BW)\nalgorithm, an Expectation-Maximization algorithm from the field of Machine\nLearning, we then try to estimate the parameters of each investigated\nrealization of an HMM. We study HMMs with n=4, 8 and 16 states. By changing the\namount of accessible learning data and the noise level, we observe a\nphase-transition-like change in the performance of the learning algorithm. For\nbigger HMMs and more learning data, the learning behavior improves tremendously\nbelow a certain threshold in the noise strength. For a noise level above the\nthreshold, learning is not possible. Furthermore, we use an overlap parameter\napplied to the results of a maximum-a-posteriori (Viterbi) algorithm to\ninvestigate the accuracy of the hidden state estimation around the phase\ntransition.",
        "positive": "Equations of one-dimensional hydrodynamics with quantum thermal\n  fluctuations taken into account: We propose a generalization of equations of quantum mechanics in the\nhydrodynamic form by introducing the terms taking into account the diffusion\nvelocity at zero and finite temperatures and the density energy of diffusion\npressure of the thermal vacuum into the Lagrangian density. Based on this, for\na model of one-dimensional hydrodynamics, we construct a system of equations\nthat are similar to the Euler equations but taking quantum and thermal effects\ninto account. They are a generalization of equations of Nelson's stochastic\nmechanics and can be used to describe a new matter state, namely, nearly\nperfect fluidity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "1D action and partition function for the 2D Ising model with boundary\n  magnetic field: In this article we obtain some exact results for the 2D Ising model with a\ngeneral boundary magnetic field and for a finite size system, by an alternative\nmethod to that developed by B. McCoy and T.T. Wu. This method is a\ngeneralization of ideas from V.N. Plechko presented for the 2D Ising model in\nzero field, based on the representation of the Ising model using a Grassmann\nalgebra. In this way, a Gaussian 1D action is obtained for a general\nconfiguration of the boundary magnetic field. In the special case where the\nmagnetic field is homogeneous, we check that our results are in agreement with\nMcCoy and Wu's previous work, and we also compute the two point correlation\nfunctions on the boundary. We use this correlation function to obtain the exact\npartition function and the free energy in the special case of an inhomogeneous\nboundary magnetic field.",
        "positive": "Mean-field theory of collective motion due to velocity alignment: We introduce a system of self-propelled agents (active Brownian particles)\nwith velocity alignment in two spatial dimensions and derive a mean-field\ntheory from the microscopic dynamics via a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation and\na moment expansion of the probability distribution function. We analyze the\nstationary solutions corresponding to macroscopic collective motion with finite\ncenter of mass velocity (ordered state) and the disordered solution with no\ncollective motion in the spatially homogeneous system. In particular, we\ndiscuss the impact of two different propulsion functions governing the\nindividual dynamics. Our results predict a strong impact of the individual\ndynamics on the mean field onset of collective motion (continuous vs\ndiscontinuous). In addition to the macroscopic density and velocity field we\nconsider explicitly the dynamics of an effective temperature of the agent\nsystem, representing a measure of velocity fluctuations around the mean\nvelocity. We show that the temperature decreases strongly with increasing level\nof collective motion despite constant fluctuations on individual level, which\nsuggests that extreme caution should be taken in deducing individual behavior,\nsuch as, state-dependent individual fluctuations from mean-field measurements\n[Yates {\\em et al.}, PNAS, 106 (14), 2009]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "What Are Stories Made Of? - Quantitative Categorical Deconstruction of\n  Creation: We extend the Microscopic Representation approach to the quantitative study\nof religious and folk stories: A story encrypting symbolically the creation is\ndeconstructed into its simplest conceptual elements and their relationships. We\nsingle out a particular kind of relationship which we call \"diagonal (or\ntransitive) link\": given 2 relations between the couples of elements AB and\nrespectively BC, the \"diagonal link\" is the (composite) relation AC. We find\nthat the diagonal links are strongly and systematically correlated with the\nevents in the story that are considered crucial by the experts. We further\ncompare the number of diagonal links in the symbolic creation story with a folk\ntale, which ostensibly narrates the same overt succession of events (but\nwithout pretensions of encrypting additional meanings). We find that the\ndensity of diagonal links per word in the folk story is lower by a factor of 2.\nWe speculate that, as in other fields the simple transitive operations acting\non elementary objects are at the core of the emergence and recognition of\nmacroscopic meaning and novelty in complex systems.",
        "positive": "Permutation Matrix Representation Quantum Monte Carlo: We present a quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for the simulation of general\nquantum and classical many-body models within a single unifying framework. The\nalgorithm builds on a power series expansion of the quantum partition function\nin its off-diagonal terms and is both parameter-free and Trotter error-free. In\nour approach, the quantum dimension consists of products of elements of a\npermutation group. As such, it allows for the study of a very wide variety of\nmodels on an equal footing. To demonstrate the utility of our technique, we use\nit to clarify the emergence of the sign problem in the simulations of\nnon-stoquastic physical models. We showcase the flexibility of our algorithm\nand the advantages it offers over existing state-of-the-art by simulating\ntransverse-field Ising model Hamiltonians and comparing the performance of our\ntechnique against that of the stochastic series expansion algorithm. We also\nstudy a transverse-field Ising model augmented with randomly chosen two-body\ntransverse-field interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics for Non-equilibrium Pattern Formation: The second entropy theory for non-equilibrium thermodynamics is used to show\nthat the optimum structure or pattern of a time-dependent system corresponds to\nthe maximum entropy. A formula for the total entropy of convective heat flow is\nderived. The Navier-Stokes equations in Boussinesq approximation for straight\nroll convection are solved by a Fourier expansion technique. Results for the\nvelocity amplitude are in good agreement with previous computations and\nexperimental measurements. For the spontaneous transitions between straight\nroll states reported in the literature, it is shown that the measured change in\nconvective pattern wave length corresponds to an increase in the entropy.\n  This paper has been superseded by arXiv:1208.5105v1.",
        "positive": "Optimal control of transitions between nonequilibrium steady states: Biological systems fundamentally exist out of equilibrium in order to\npreserve organized structures and processes. Many changing cellular conditions\ncan be represented as transitions between nonequilibrium steady states, and\norganisms have an interest in optimizing such transitions. Using the\nHatano-Sasa Y-value, we extend a recently developed geometrical framework for\ndetermining optimal protocols so that it can be applied to systems driven from\nnonequilibrium steady states. We calculate and numerically verify optimal\nprotocols for a colloidal particle dragged through solution by a translating\noptical trap with two controllable parameters. We offer experimental\npredictions, specifically that optimal protocols are significantly less costly\nthan naive ones. Optimal protocols similar to these may ultimately point to\ndesign principles for biological energy transduction systems and guide the\ndesign of artificial molecular machines."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Deformed Fokker-Planck equation: inhomogeneous medium with a\n  position-dependent mass\": In a recent paper by B. G. da Costa {\\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. E 102,\n062105(2020)], the phenomenological Langevin equation and the corresponding\nFokker-Planck equation for an inhomogeneous medium with a position-dependent\nparticle mass and position-dependent damping coefficient have been studied. The\naim of this comment is to present a microscopic derivation of the Langevin\nequation for such a system. It is not equivalent to that in the commented\npaper.",
        "positive": "Symmetry Classification of Many-Body Lindbladians: Tenfold Way and\n  Beyond: We perform a systematic symmetry classification of many-body Lindblad\nsuperoperators describing general (interacting) open quantum systems coupled to\na Markovian environment. Our classification is based on the behavior of the\nmany-body Lindbladian under antiunitary symmetries and unitary involutions. We\nfind that Hermiticity preservation reduces the number of symmetry classes,\nwhile trace preservation and complete positivity do not, and that the set of\nadmissible classes depends on the presence of additional unitary symmetries: in\ntheir absence or in symmetry sectors containing steady states, many-body\nLindbladians belong to one of ten non-Hermitian symmetry classes; if however,\nthere are additional symmetries and we consider non-steady-state sectors, they\nbelong to a different set of 19 classes. In both cases, it does not include\nclasses with Kramer's degeneracy. Remarkably, our classification admits a\nstraightforward generalization to the case of non-Markovian, and even\nnon-trace-preserving, open quantum dynamics. While the abstract classification\nis completely general, we then apply it to general (long-range, interacting,\nspatially inhomogeneous) spin-$1/2$ chains. We explicitly build examples in all\nten classes of Lindbladians in steady-state sectors, describing standard\nphysical processes such as dephasing, spin injection and absorption, and\nincoherent hopping, thus illustrating the relevance of our classification for\npractical physics applications. Finally, we show that the examples in each\nclass display unique random-matrix correlations. To fully resolve all\nsymmetries, we employ the combined analysis of bulk complex spacing ratios and\nthe overlap of eigenvector pairs related by symmetry operations. We further\nfind that statistics of levels constrained onto the real and imaginary axes or\nclose to the origin are not universal due to spontaneous breaking of\nLindbladian PT symmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heisenberg antiferromagnets with exchange and cubic anisotropies: We study classical Heisenberg antiferromagnets with uniaxial exchange\nanisotropy and a cubic anisotropy term on simple cubic lattices in an external\nmagnetic field using ground state considerations and extensive Monte Carlo\nsimulations. In addition to the antiferromagnetic phase field--induced\nspin--flop and non--collinear, biconical phases may occur. Phase diagrams and\ncritical as well as multicritical phenomena are discussed. Results are compared\nto previous findings.",
        "positive": "Tunneling Rate for Superparamagnetic Particles by the Instanton Method: We derive the tunneling rate for paramagnetic molecules in the context of a\ncollective spin model. By means of path integral methods an analytical\nexpression is derived. Given the very large spins in question (s ~ 3000 hbar),\nthe observation of magnetization changes due to pure unitary tunnel effects is\nunlikely."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation Processes in Many Particle Systems -- Recurrence Relations\n  Approach: The general scheme for the treatment of relaxation processes and temporal\nautocorrelations of dynamical variables for many particle systems is presented\nin framework of the recurrence relations approach. The time autocorrelation\nfunctions and/or their spectral characteristics, which are measurable\nexperimentally (for example, due to spectroscopy techniques) and accessible\nfrom particle dynamics simulations, can be found by means of this approach, the\nmain idea of which is the estimation of the so-called frequency parameters.\nModel cases with the exact and approximative solutions are given and discussed.",
        "positive": "Decay Process for Three - Species Reaction - Diffusion System: We propose the deterministic rate equation of three-species in the reaction -\ndiffusion system. For this case, our purpose is to carry out the decay process\nin our three-species reaction-diffusion model of the form $A+B+C\\to D$. The\nparticle density and the global reaction rate are also shown analytically and\nnumerically on a two-dimensional square lattice with the periodic boundary\nconditions. Especially, the crossover of the global reaction rate is discussed\nin both early-time and long-time regimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density profiles and pair correlation functions of hard spheres in\n  narrow slits: A hard sphere fluid confined by hard, structureless, and parallel walls is\ninvestigated using a certain version of weighted density functional theory. The\ndensity profile, the excess coverage, the finite size contribution to the free\nenergy, the solvation force, and the total correlation function are determined\nas function of the slit width $L$ for various bulk number densities $\\rho_b$.\nIn quantitative agreement with rigorous results the present version of density\nfunctional theory yields a constant and large but finite number density profile\nfor the limiting case that $L$ is reduced to the diameter of the hard spheres.\nWithin the Derjaguin approximation the results for the slit geometry allows us\nto obtain the solvation force between two large hard spheres immersed into a\nfluid of much smaller hard spheres.",
        "positive": "Approximate light cone effects in a non-relativistic quantum field\n  theory after a local quench: We study the spreading of correlations after a local quench in a\nnon-relativistic quantum field theory. We focus on noninteracting\nnon-relativistic fermions and study the time evolution after two identical\nsystems in their ground states are suddenly joined together with a localized\nimpurity at the junction. We find that, even if the quasi-particles of the\nsystem have unbounded dispersion, the correlations show light cone effects. We\ncarry out a detailed study of these effects by developing an accurate\nasymptotic expansion of the two-point function and determining exactly the\ndensity of particles at any time after the quench. In particular, we find that\nthe width of the light cone region is $\\propto t^{1/2}$. The structure of\ncorrelations, however, does not show a pure light cone form - \"superluminal\ncorrections\" are much larger than in the bounded-dispersion case. These\nfindings can be explained by inspecting the structure of excitations generated\nby the initial state. We show that a similar picture also emerges in the\npresence of a harmonic trapping potential and when more than two systems are\nsuddenly joined at a single point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Homogeneous steady states in a granular fluid driven by a stochastic\n  bath with friction: The homogeneous state of a granular flow of smooth inelastic hard spheres or\ndisks described by the Enskog-Boltzmann kinetic equation is analyzed. The\ngranular gas is fluidized by the presence of a random force and a drag force.\nThe combined action of both forces, that act homogeneously on the granular gas,\ntries to mimic the interaction of the set of particles with a surrounding\nfluid. The first stochastic force thermalizes the system, providing for the\nnecessary energy recovery to keep the system in its gas state at all times,\nwhereas the second force allows us to mimic the action of the surrounding fluid\nviscosity. After a transient regime, the gas reaches a steady state\ncharacterized by a \\emph{scaled} distribution function $\\varphi$ that does not\nonly depend on the dimensionless velocity $\\mathbf{c}\\equiv \\mathbf{v}/v_0$\n($v_0$ being the thermal velocity) but also on the dimensionless driving force\nparameters. The dependence of $\\varphi$ and its first relevant velocity moments\n$a_2$ and $a_3$ (which measure non-Gaussian properties of $\\varphi$) on both\nthe coefficient of restitution $\\al$ and the driven parameters is widely\ninvestigated by means of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. In addition,\napproximate forms for $a_2$ and $a_3$ are also derived from an expansion of\n$\\varphi$ in Sonine polynomials. The theoretical expressions of the above\nSonine coefficients agree well with simulation data, even for quite small\nvalues of $\\alpha$. Moreover, the third order expansion of the distribution\nfunction makes a significant accuracy improvement for larger velocities and\ninelasticities. Results also show that the non-Gaussian corrections to the\ndistribution function $\\varphi$ are smaller than those observed for undriven\ngranular gases.",
        "positive": "Diffusion algebras: We define the notion of \"diffusion algebras\". They are quadratic\nPoincare-Birkhoff-Witt (PBW) algebras which are useful in order to find exact\nexpressions for the probability distributions of stationary states appearing in\none-dimensional stochastic processes with exclusion. One considers processes in\nwhich one has N species, the number of particles of each species being\nconserved. All diffusion algebras are obtained. The known examples already used\nin applications are special cases in our classification. To help the reader\ninterested in physical problems, the cases N=3 and 4 are listed separately."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extremely large scale simulation of a Kardar-Parisi-Zhang model using\n  graphics cards: The octahedron model introduced recently has been implemented onto graphics\ncards, which permits extremely large scale simulations via binary lattice gases\nand bit coded algorithms. We confirm scaling behaviour belonging to the 2d\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class and find a surface growth exponent:\nbeta=0.2415(15) on 2^17 x 2^17 systems, ruling out beta=1/4 suggested by field\ntheory. The maximum speed-up with respect to a single CPU is 240. The steady\nstate has been analysed by finite size scaling and a growth exponent\nalpha=0.393(4) is found. Correction to scaling exponents are computed and the\npower-spectrum density of the steady state is determined. We calculate the\nuniversal scaling functions, cumulants and show that the limit distribution can\nbe obtained by the sizes considered. We provide numerical fitting for the small\nand large tail behaviour of the steady state scaling function of the interface\nwidth.",
        "positive": "Origin of synchronized traffic flow on highways and its dynamic phase\n  transitions: We study the traffic flow on a highway with ramps through numerical\nsimulations of a hydrodynamic traffic flow model. It is found that the presence\nof the external vehicle flux through ramps generates a new state of recurring\nhumps (RH). This novel dynamic state is characterized by temporal oscillations\nof the vehicle density and velocity which are localized near ramps, and found\nto be the origin of the synchronized traffic flow reported recently [PRL 79,\n4030 (1997)]. We also argue that the dynamic phase transitions between the free\nflow and the RH state can be interpreted as a subcritical Hopf bifurcation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nature of the Quantum Phase Transition in Clean, Itinerant Heisenberg\n  Ferromagnets: A comprehensive theory of the quantum phase transition in clean, itinerant\nHeisenberg ferromagnets is presented. It is shown that the standard mean-field\ndescription of the transition is invalid in spatial dimensions $d\\leq 3$ due to\nthe existence of soft particle-hole excitations that couple to the order\nparameter fluctuations and lead to an upper critical dimension $d_c^+ = 3$. A\ngeneralized mean-field theory that takes these additional modes into account\npredicts a fluctuation-induced first-order transition. In a certain parameter\nregime, this first-order transition in turn is unstable with respect to a\nfluctuation-induced second-order transition. The quantum ferromagnetic\ntransition may thus be either of first or of second-order, in agreement with\nexperimental observations. A detailed discussion is given of the stability of\nthe first-order transition, and of the critical behavior at the\nfluctuation-induced second-order transition. In $d=3$, the latter is mean\nfield-like with logarithmic corrections to scaling, and in $d<3$ it can be\ncontrolled by means of a $3-\\epsilon$ expansion.",
        "positive": "High-Activity Perturbation Expansion for the Hard Square Lattice Gas: We study a system of particles with nearest and next-nearest-neighbour\nexclusion on the square lattice (hard squares). This system undergoes a\ntransition from a fluid phase at low density to a columnar ordered phase at\nhigh density. We develop a systematic high-activity perturbation expansion for\nthe free energy per site about a state with perfect columnar order. We show\nthat the different terms of the series can be regrouped to get a Mayer-like\nseries for a polydisperse system of interacting vertical rods in which the\n$n$-th term is of order $z^{-(n+1)/2}$, where $z$ is the fugacity associated\nwith each particle. We sum this series to get the exact expansion to order\n$1/z^{3/2}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Performance at maximum figure of merit for a Brownian Carnot\n  refrigerator: This paper focuses on the coefficient of performance (COP) at maximum figure\nof merit $\\chi$ for a Brownian Carnot-like refrigerator, within the context of\nsymmetric Low-Dissipation approach. Our proposal is based on the Langevin\nequation for a Brownian particle bounded to a harmonic potential trap, which\ncan perform Carnot-like cycles at finite time. We show that under quasistatic\nconditions the COP has the same expression as the macroscopic Carnot\nrefrigerator. However, for irreversible cycles at finite time and under\nsymmetric dissipation, the optimal COP is the counterpart of Curzon-Ahlborn\nefficiency for irreversible macroscopic refrigerators.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation theorems for quasistatic work: When a thermally isolated system performs a driving process in the\nquasistatic regime, its variation of average energy is equal to its quasistatic\nwork. Even though presenting this simple definition, few attempts have been\nmade to describe such quantity from the fluctuation theorem point of view. In\nthis work, based on Jarzynski's equality, four forms of such equality are\ndeduced. To corroborate the result, a relation with the strong inequality\n$\\langle W\\rangle\\ge \\langle W_{\\rm qs}\\rangle$ is pursued. It is concluded in\nthe end that any of the fluctuation theorems deduced cannot derive such a\npostulate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A comparative study of asymmetric dichotomous noise and symmetric\n  trichotomous noise induced stochastic resonance in the globally coupled\n  fractional oscillators: The collective behaviour, in respect of stochastic resonance, has been\nstudied in globally coupled oscillators (with fractional-order intrinsic and\nexternal damping), driven by a sinusoidal force which is either noise-free or\nnoise-modulated, and subjected to multiplicative quadratic asymmetric\ndichotomous or symmetric trichotomous noise perturbing the potential parameter,\nthe coupling factor and the local drift force. The influence of coupling\nbetween the heat bath and the applied force has been included through a simple\nmodel. The effect of variation in mass, friction and potential parameters on\nthe output amplitude gains as function of noise-intensity, has been\nmeticulously investigated for both types of noise and the exponents governing\nthe dependence of collective SR peak amplitude on the three oscillator\nparameters have been determined and analysed. The special case arising from the\nzero value of the potential parameter, which implies rectilinear motion of the\nsystem particles in the absence of fluctuations, has been dealt with under the\ninfluence of the second-order asymmetric dichotomous noise and stochastic\nresonance has been found to occur at justifiably quite low frequencies of the\nexternal force. This brings out the importance of nonlinear term in this\ncoloured noise, for which this phenomenon is unique. The accuracy of the\nanalytical results has been substantiated through numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Transition from compact to porous films in deposition with temperature\n  activated diffusion: We study a thin film growth model with temperature activated diffusion of\nadsorbed particles, allowing for the formation of overhangs and pores, but\nwithout detachment of adatoms or clusters from the deposit. Simulations in\none-dimensional substrates are performed for several values of the\ndiffusion-to-deposition ratio R of adatoms with a single bond and of the\ndetachment probability epsilon per additional nearest neighbor (NN),\nrespectively with activation energies are Es and Eb. If R and epsilon\nindependently vary, regimes of low and high porosity are separated at 0.075 <\nepsilon_c < 0.09, with vanishingly small porosity below that point and finite\nporosity for larger epsilon. Alternatively, for fixed values of Es and Eb and\nvarying temperature, the porosity has a minimum at Tc, and a nontrivial regime\nin which it increases with temperature is observe above that point. This is\nrelated to the large mobility of adatoms, resembling features of equilibrium\nsurface roughening. In this high-temperature region, the deposit has the\nstructure of a critical percolation cluster due to the non-desorption\ncondition. The pores are regions enclosed by blobs of the corresponding\npercolating backbone, thus the distribution of pore size s is expected to scale\nas s^{-tau} with tau ~ 1.45, in reasonable agreement with numerical estimates.\nRoughening of the outer interface of the deposits suggests Villain-Lai-Das\nSarma scaling below the transition. Above the transition, the roughness\nexponent alpha ~ 0.35 is consistent with the percolation backbone structure via\nthe relation alpha = 2-d_B, where d_B is the backbone fractal dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extremal statistics of a one dimensional run and tumble particle with an\n  absorbing wall: We study the extreme value statistics of a run and tumble particle (RTP) in\none dimension till its first passage to the origin starting from the position\n$x_0~(>0)$. This model has recently drawn a lot of interest due to its\nbiological application in modelling the motion of certain species of bacteria.\nHerein, we analytically study the exact time-dependent propagators for a single\nRTP in a finite interval with absorbing conditions at its two ends. By\nexploiting a path decomposition technique, we use these propagators\nappropriately to compute the joint distribution $\\mathscr{P}(M,t_m)$ of the\nmaximum displacement $M$ till first-passage and the time $t_m$ at which this\nmaximum is achieved exactly. The corresponding marginal distributions\n$\\mathbb{P}_M(M)$ and $P_M(t_m)$ are studied separately and verified\nnumerically. In particular, we find that the marginal distribution $P_M(t_m)$\nhas interesting asymptotic forms for large and small $t_m$. While for small\n$t_m$, the distribution $P_M(t_m)$ depends sensitively on the initial velocity\ndirection $\\sigma _i$ and is completely different from the Brownian motion, the\nlarge $t_m$ decay of $P_M(t_m)$ is same as that of the Brownian motion although\nthe amplitude crucially depends on the initial conditions $x_0$ and $\\sigma\n_i$. We verify all our analytical results to high precision by numerical\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "On the path integral representation for quantum spin models and its\n  application to the quantum cavity method and to Monte Carlo simulations: The cavity method is a well established technique for solving classical spin\nmodels on sparse random graphs (mean-field models with finite connectivity).\nLaumann et al. [arXiv:0706.4391] proposed recently an extension of this method\nto quantum spin-1/2 models in a transverse field, using a discretized\nSuzuki-Trotter imaginary time formalism. Here we show how to take analytically\nthe continuous imaginary time limit. Our main technical contribution is an\nexplicit procedure to generate the spin trajectories in a path integral\nrepresentation of the imaginary time dynamics. As a side result we also show\nhow this procedure can be used in simple heat-bath like Monte Carlo simulations\nof generic quantum spin models. The replica symmetric continuous time quantum\ncavity method is formulated for a wide class of models, and applied as a simple\nexample on the Bethe lattice ferromagnet in a transverse field. The results of\nthe methods are confronted with various approximation schemes in this\nparticular case. On this system we performed quantum Monte Carlo simulations\nthat confirm the exactness of the cavity method in the thermodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A local resampling trick for focused molecular dynamics: We describe a method that focuses sampling effort on a user-defined selection\nof a large system, which can lead to substantial decreases in computational\neffort by speeding up the calculation of nonbonded interactions. A naive\napproach can lead to incorrect sampling if the selection depends on the\nconfiguration in a way that is not accounted for. We avoid this pitfall by\nintroducing appropriate auxiliary variables. This results in an implementation\nthat is closely related to configurational freezing and elastic barrier\ndynamical freezing. We implement the method and validate that it can be used to\nsupplement conventional molecular dynamics in free energy calculations\n(absolute hydration and relative binding).",
        "positive": "On the thermodynamic stability conditions of Tsallis' entropy: The thermodynamic stability condition (TSC) of Tsallis' entropy is revisited.\nAs Ramshaw [Phys. Lett. A {\\bf 198} (1995) 119] has already pointed out, the\nconcavity of Tsallis' entropy with respect to the internal energy is not\nsufficient to guarantee thermodynamic stability for all values of $q$ due to\nthe non-additivity of Tsallis' entropy. Taking account of the non-additivity\nthe differential form of the TSC for Tsallis entropy is explicitly derived. It\nis shown that the resultant TSC for Tsallis' entropy is equivalent to the\npositivity of the standard specific heat. These results are consistent with the\nrelation between Tsallis and R\\'enyi entropies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-lived states of oscillator chain with dynamical traps: A simple model of oscillator chain with dynamical traps and additive white\nnoise is considered. Its dynamics was studied numerically. As demonstrated,\nwhen the trap effect is pronounced nonequilibrium phase transitions of a new\ntype arise. Locally they manifest themselves via distortion of the particle\narrangement symmetry. Depending on the system parameters the particle\narrangement is characterized by the corresponding distributions taking either a\nbimodal form, or twoscale one, or unimodal onescale form which, however,\ndeviates substantially from the Gaussian distribution. The individual particle\nvelocities exhibit also a number of anomalies, in particular, their\ndistribution can be extremely wide or take a quasi-cusp form. A large number of\ndifferent cooperative structures and superstructures made of these formations\nare found in the visualized time patterns. Their evolution is, in some sense,\nindependent of the individual particle dynamics, enabling us to regard them as\ndynamical phases.",
        "positive": "Cluster Monte Carlo study of magnetic dipoles: We implement a cluster-update Monte Carlo algorithm to simulate magnetic\ndipoles of the XY-spin type confined in a two-dimensional plane. The long-range\ncharacter and anisotropy in the dipole interaction are handled by using the\nLuijten-Bl\\\"ote algorithm and the Dotsenko-Selke-Talapov algorithm,\nrespectively. We have checked the performance of this cluster-update algorithm\nin comparison to the Metropolis algorithm and found that it equilibrated the\nsystem faster in terms of the number of flipped spins, although the overall\ncomputational complexity of the problem remained the same."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-loop Critical Fluctuation-Dissipation Ratio for the Relaxational\n  Dynamics of the O(N) Landau-Ginzburg Hamiltonian: The off-equilibrium purely dissipative dynamics (Model A) of the O(N) vector\nmodel is considered at criticality in an $\\epsilon = 4- d > 0$ up to\nO($\\epsilon^2$). The scaling behavior of two-time response and correlation\nfunctions at zero momentum, the associated universal scaling functions, and the\nnontrivial limit of the fluctuation-dissipation ratio are determined in the\naging regime.",
        "positive": "Large deviations of a tracer in the symmetric exclusion process: The one-dimensional symmetric exclusion process, the simplest interacting\nparticle process, is a lattice-gas made of particles that hop symmetrically on\na discrete line respecting hard-core exclusion. The system is prepared on the\ninfinite lattice with a step initial profile with average densities $\\rho_{+}$\nand $\\rho_{-}$ on the right and on the left of the origin. When $\\rho_{+} =\n\\rho_{-}$, the gas is at equilibrium and undergoes stationary fluctuations.\nWhen these densities are unequal, the gas is out of equilibrium and will remain\nso forever. A tracer, or a tagged particle, is initially located at the\nboundary between the two domains; its position $X_t$ is a random observable in\ntime, that carries information on the non-equilibrium dynamics of the whole\nsystem. We derive an exact formula for the cumulant generating function and the\nlarge deviation function of $X_t$, in the long time limit, and deduce the full\nstatistical properties of the tracer's position. The equilibrium fluctuations\nof the tracer's position, when the density is uniform, are obtained as an\nimportant special case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nucleation in scale-free networks: We have studied nucleation dynamics of the Ising model in scale-free networks\nwith degree distribution $P(k)\\sim k^{-\\gamma}$ by using forward flux sampling\nmethod, focusing on how the network topology would influence the nucleation\nrate and pathway. For homogeneous nucleation, the new phase clusters grow from\nthose nodes with smaller degree, while the cluster sizes follow a power-law\ndistribution. Interestingly, we find that the nucleation rate $R_{Hom}$ decays\nexponentially with the network size $N$, and accordingly the critical nucleus\nsize increases linearly with $N$, implying that homogeneous nucleation is not\nrelevant in the thermodynamic limit. These observations are robust to the\nchange of $\\gamma$ and also present in random networks. In addition, we have\nalso studied the dynamics of heterogeneous nucleation, wherein $w$ impurities\nare initially added, either to randomly selected nodes or to targeted ones with\nlargest degrees. We find that targeted impurities can enhance the nucleation\nrate $R_{Het}$ much more sharply than random ones. Moreover, $\\ln\n(R_{Het}/R_{Hom})$ scales as $w^{\\gamma-2/\\gamma-1}$ and $w$ for targeted and\nrandom impurities, respectively. A simple mean field analysis is also present\nto qualitatively illustrate above simulation results.",
        "positive": "Effect of a magnetic field on the thermodynamic uncertainty relation: The thermodynamic uncertainty relation provides a universal lower bound on\nthe product of entropy production and the fluctuations of any current. While\nproven for Markov dynamics on a discrete set of states and for overdamped\nLangevin dynamics, its status for underdamped dynamics is still open. We\nconsider a two-dimensional harmonically confined charged particle in a magnetic\nfield under the action of an external torque. We show analytically that,\ndepending on the sign of the magnetic field, the thermodynamic uncertainty\nrelation does not hold for the currents associated with work and heat. A strong\nmagnetic field can effectively localize the particle with concomitant bounded\nfluctuations and low dissipation. Numerical results for a three-dimensional\nvariant and for further currents suggest that the existence of such a bound\ndepends crucially on the specific current."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical holes in undercooled wetting layers: The profile of a critical hole in an undercooled wetting layer is determined\nby the saddle-point equation of a standard interface Hamiltonian supported by\nconvenient boundary conditions. It is shown that this saddle-point equation can\nbe mapped onto an autonomous dynamical system in a three-dimensional phase\nspace. The corresponding flux has a polynomial form and in general displays\nfour fixed points, each with different stability properties. On the basis of\nthis picture we derive the thermodynamic behaviour of critical holes in three\ndifferent nucleation regimes of the phase diagram.",
        "positive": "Probability density function for random photon steps in a binary\n  (isotropic-Poisson) statistical mixture: Monte Carlo (MC) simulations allowing to describe photons propagation in\nstatistical mixtures represent an interest that goes way beyond the domain of\noptics, and can cover, e.g., nuclear reactor physics, image analysis or life\nscience just to name a few. MC simulations are considered a ``gold standard''\nbecause they give exact solutions (in the statistical sense), however, in the\ncase of statistical mixtures they are enormously time consuming and their\nimplementation is often extremely complex. For this reason, the aim of the\npresent contribution is to propose a new approach that should allow us in the\nfuture to simplify the MC approach. This is done through an explanatory\nexample, i.e.; by deriving the `exact' analytical expression for the\nprobability density function of photons' random steps (single step function,\nSSF) propagating in a medium represented as a binary (isotropic-Poisson)\nstatistical mixture. The use of the SSF reduces the problem to an `equivalent'\nhomogeneous medium behaving exactly as the original binary statistical mixture.\nThis will reduce hundreds time-consuming MC simulations to only one equivalent\nsimple MC simulation. To the best of our knowledge the analytically `exact' SSF\nfor a binary (isotropic-Poisson) statistical mixture has never been derived\nbefore."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Constrained Forms of the Tsallis Entropy Function and Local Equilibria: The Lagrangian technique of Niven (2004, Physica A, 334(3-4): 444) is used to\ndetermine the constrained forms of the Tsallis entropy function - i.e.\nLagrangian functions in which the probabilities of each state are independent -\nfor each constraint type reported in the literature (here termed the Mark I, II\nand III forms). In each case, a constrained form of the Tsallis entropy\nfunction exists, which at q=1 reduces to its Shannon equivalent. Since they are\nfully constrained, each constrained Tsallis function can be \"dismembered\" to\ngive its partial or local form, providing the means to independently examine\neach state i relative to its local stationary (maximum entropy) position. The\nMark II and III functions depend on q, the probability, the stationary\nprobability, and the respective q-partition function; in contrast the Mark I\nform depends only on the first three parameters. The Mark II and III forms\ntherefore depend on the structure of the system. The utility of the\ndismemberment method is illustrated for a system with equispaced energy levels.",
        "positive": "Ultrafast Entanglement Dynamics in Monitored Quantum Circuits: Projective measurement, a basic operation in quantum mechanics, can induce\nseemingly nonlocal effects. In this work, we analyze such effects in many-body\nsystems by studying the non-equilibrium dynamics of weakly monitored quantum\ncircuits, focusing on entanglement generation and information spreading. We\nfind that, due to measurements, the entanglement dynamics in monitored circuits\nis indeed \"faster\" than that of unitary ones in several ways. Specifically, we\nfind that a pair of well-separated regions can become entangled in a time scale\n$\\ell^{2/3}$, sub-linear in their distance $\\ell$. For the case of Clifford\nmonitored circuits, this originates from super-ballistically growing stabilizer\ngenerators of the evolving state. In addition, we find initially local\ninformation can spread super-ballistically as $t^{3/2}$. Furthermore, by\nviewing the dynamics as a dynamical encoding process, we show that the\nsuper-ballistic growing length scale relates to an encoding time that is\nsublinear in system size. To quantify the information dynamics, we develop a\nformalism generalizing operator spreading to non-unitary dynamics, which is of\nindependent interest."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Capillary condensation in one-dimensional irregular confinement: A lattice-gas model with heterogeneity is developed for the description of\nfluid condensation in finite sized one-dimensional pores of arbitrary shape. An\nexact solution of the model is presented for zero-temperature that reproduces\nthe experimentally observed dependence of the amount of fluid adsorbed in the\npore on external pressure. Finite-temperature Metropolis dynamics simulations\nsupport analytical findings in the limit of low temperatures. The proposed\nframework is viewed as a fundamental building block of the theory of capillary\ncondensation necessary for reliable structural analysis of complex porous media\nfrom adsorption-desorption data.",
        "positive": "One more discussion of the replica trick: the examples of exact\n  solutions: A systematic replica field theory calculations are analysed using the\nexamples of two particular one-dimensional \"toy\" random models with Gaussian\ndisorder. Due to apparent simplicity of the model the replica trick\ncalculations can be followed here step by step from the very beginning till the\nvery end. In this way it can be easily demonstrated that formally at certain\nstage of the calculations the implementation of the standard replica program is\njust impossible. On the other hand, following the usual \"doublethink\"\ntraditions of the replica calculations (i.e. closing eyes on the fact that\ncertain suggestions used in the calculations contradict to each other) one can\neasily fulfil the programme till the very end to obtain physically sensible\nresult for the entire free energy distribution function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Supercondutor-Insulator Transition on Annealed Complex Networks: Cuprates show multiphase complexity that has hindered physicists search for\nthe mechanism of high T_c for many years. A fingerprint of electronic scale\ninvariance has been reported recently by Fratini et al. by detecting the\nstructural scale invariance of dopants using scanning micro x-ray diffraction.\nIn order to shed light on critical phenomena on these materials, here we\npropose a stylized model capturing the essential characteristics of the\nsuperconducting-isulator transition of a highly dynamical, heterogenous\ngranular material: the Disordered Quantum Tranverse Ising Model (DQTIM) on\nAnnealed Complex Network. We show that when the networks encode for high\nheterogeneity of the expected degrees described by a power law distribution,\nthe critical temperature for the onset of the supercoducting phase diverges to\ninfinity as the power-law exponent \\gamma of the expected degree distribution\nis less than 3, i.e. \\gamma<3. Moreover we investigate the case in which the\ncritical state of the electronic background is triggered by an external\nparameter g that determines an exponential cutoff in the power law expected\ndegree distribution characterized by an exponent \\gamma. We find that for g=g_c\nthe critical temperature for the superconduting-insulator transition has a\nmaximum is \\gamma>3 and diverges if \\gamma<3.",
        "positive": "Cluster simulations of loop models on two-dimensional lattices: We develop cluster algorithms for a broad class of loop models on\ntwo-dimensional lattices, including several standard O(n) loop models at n \\ge\n1. We show that our algorithm has little or no critical slowing-down when 1 \\le\nn \\le 2. We use this algorithm to investigate the honeycomb-lattice O(n) loop\nmodel, for which we determine several new critical exponents, and a\nsquare-lattice O(n) loop model, for which we obtain new information on the\nphase diagram."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective temperatures for single particle system under dichotomous\n  noise: Three different definitions of effective temperature -- $\\mathcal{T}_{\\rm\nk}$, $\\mathcal{T}_{\\rm i}$ and $\\mathcal{T}_{\\rm r}$ related to kinetic theory,\nsystem entropy and response theory, respectively -- are applied in the\ndescription of a non-equilibrium generalised massive Langevin model in contact\nwith dichotomous noise. The differences between the definitions of\n$\\mathcal{T}$ naturally wade out as the reservoir reaches its white-noise\nlimit, approaching Gaussian features. The same framework is employed in its\noverdamped version as well, showing the loss of inertial contributions to the\ndynamics of the system also makes the three mentioned approaches for effective\ntemperature equivalent.",
        "positive": "Quasi-Adiabatic Continuation in Gapped Spin and Fermion Systems:\n  Goldstone's Theorem and Flux Periodicity: We apply the technique of quasi-adiabatic continuation to study systems with\ncontinuous symmetries. We first derive a general form of Goldstone's theorem\napplicable to gapped nonrelativistic systems with continuous symmetries. We\nthen show that for a fermionic system with a spin gap, it is possible to insert\n$\\pi$-flux into a cylinder with only exponentially small change in the energy\nof the system, a scenario which covers several physically interesting cases\nsuch as an s-wave superconductor or a resonating valence bond state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A condition for long-range order in discrete spin systems with\n  application to the antiferromagnetic Potts model: We give a general condition for a discrete spin system with nearest-neighbor\ninteractions on the $\\mathbb{Z}^d$ lattice to exhibit long-range order. The\ncondition is applicable to systems with residual entropy in which the\nlong-range order is entropically driven. As a main example we consider the\nantiferromagnetic $q$-state Potts model and rigorously prove the existence of a\nbroken sub-lattice symmetry phase at low temperature and high dimension -- a\nnew result for $q\\ge 4$. As further examples, we prove the existence of an\nordered phase in a clock model with hard constraints and extend the known\nregime of the demixed phase in the lattice Widom-Rowlinson model.",
        "positive": "The Three Faces of the Second Law: I. Master Equation Formulation: We propose a new formulation of stochastic thermodynamics for systems\nsubjected to nonequilibrium constraints (i.e. broken detailed balance at steady\nstate) and furthermore driven by external time-dependent forces. A splitting of\nthe second law occurs in this description leading to three second law like\nrelations. The general results are illustrated on specific solvable models. The\npresent paper uses a master equation based approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics with continuous information flow: We provide a unified thermodynamic formalism describing information transfers\nin autonomous as well as nonautonomous systems described by stochastic\nthermodynamics. We demonstrate how information is continuously generated in an\nauxiliary system and then transferred to a relevant system that can utilize it\nto fuel otherwise impossible processes. Indeed, while the joint system\nsatisfies the second law, the entropy balance for the relevant system is\nmodified by an information term related to the mutual information rate between\nthe two systems. We show that many important results previously derived for\nnonautonomous Maxwell demons can be recovered from our formalism and use a\ncycle decomposition to analyze the continuous information flow in autonomous\nsystems operating at steady-state. A model system is used to illustrate our\nfindings.",
        "positive": "Correlation Functions for Diffusion-Limited Annihilation, A + A -> 0: The full hierarchy of multiple-point correlation functions for\ndiffusion-limited annihilation, A + A -> 0, is obtained analytically and\nexplicitly, following the method of intervals. In the long time asymptotic\nlimit, the correlation functions of annihilation are identical to those of\ncoalescence, A + A -> A, despite differences between the two models in other\nstatistical measures, such as the interparticle distribution function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "L\u00e9vy-noise versus Gaussian-noise-induced Transitions in the\n  Ghil-Sellers Energy Balance Model: We study the impact of applying stochastic forcing to the Ghil-Sellers energy\nbalance climate model in the form of a fluctuating solar irradiance. Through\nnumerical simulations, we explore the noise-induced transitions between the\ncompeting warm and snowball climate states. We consider multiplicative\nstochastic forcing driven by Gaussian and $\\alpha$-stable L\\'evy -\n$\\alpha\\in(0,2)$ - noise laws, examine the statistics of transition times, and\nestimate most probable transition paths. While the Gaussian noise case has been\ncarefully studied in a plethora of investigations on metastable systems, much\nless is known about the L\\'evy case, especially in the case of high- and\ninfinite-dimensional systems. In the weak noise limit, the expected residence\ntime in each metastable state scales in a fundamentally different way in the\nGaussian vs. L\\'evy noise case with respect to the intensity of the noise. In\nthe former case, the classical Kramers-like exponential law is recovered. In\nthe latter case, power laws are found, with the exponent equal to $-\\alpha$, in\napparent agreement with rigorous results obtained for additive noise in a\nrelated - yet different - reaction-diffusion equation as well as in simpler\nmodels. This can be better understood by treating the L\\'evy noise as a\ncompound Poisson process. The transition paths are studied in a projection of\nthe state space and remarkable differences are observed between the two\ndifferent types of noise. The snowball-to-warm and the warm-to-snowball most\nprobable transition path cross at the single unstable edge state on the basin\nboundary. In the case of L\\'evy noise, the most probable transition paths in\nthe two directions are wholly separated, as transitions apparently take place\nvia the closest basin boundary region to the outgoing attractor. This property\ncan be better elucidated by considering singular perturbations to the solar\nirradiance.",
        "positive": "Mechanical unfolding of directed polymers in a poor solvent: novel\n  critical exponents: We study the thermodynamics of an exactly solvable model of a\nself-interacting partially directed self-avoiding walk (DSAW) in two\ndimensions, when a force is applied on one end of the chain. The critical force\nfor the unfolding is determined exactly, as a function of the temperature,\nbelow the $\\Theta$-transition. The transition is second order and characterized\nby new critical exponents which are determined by a careful numerical analysis.\nThe usual polymer critical index $\\nu$ on the critical line, and another one,\nwhich we call $\\zeta$, take a non-trivial value which is numerically close to\n2/3."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation on bipartite scale-free networks: Recent studies introduced biased (degree-dependent) edge percolation as a\nmodel for failures in real-life systems. In this work, such process is applied\nto networks consisting of two types of nodes with edges running only between\nnodes of unlike type. Such bipartite graphs appear in many social networks, for\ninstance in affiliation networks and in sexual contact networks in which both\ntypes of nodes show the scale-free characteristic for the degree distribution.\nDuring the depreciation process, an edge between nodes with degrees k and q is\nretained with probability proportional to (kq)^(-alpha), where alpha is\npositive so that links between hubs are more prone to failure. The removal\nprocess is studied analytically by introducing a generating functions theory.\nWe deduce exact self-consistent equations describing the system at a\nmacroscopic level and discuss the percolation transition. Critical exponents\nare obtained by exploiting the Fortuin-Kasteleyn construction which provides a\nlink between our model and a limit of the Potts model.",
        "positive": "Time parameterization and stationary distributions in a relativistic gas: In this paper we consider the effect of different time parameterizations on\nthe stationary velocity distribution function for a relativistic gas. We\nclarify the distinction between two such distributions, namely the J\\\"{u}ttner\nand the modified J\\\"{u}ttner distributions. Using a recently proposed model of\na relativistic gas, we show that the obtained results for the proper-time\naveraging does not lead to modified J\\\"{u}ttner distribution (as recently\nconjectured), but introduces only a Lorentz factor $\\gamma$ to the well-known\nJ\\\"{u}ttner function which results from observer-time averaging. We obtain\nresults for rest frame as well as moving frame in order to support our claim."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superdiffusion from emergent classical solitons in quantum spin chains: Finite-temperature spin transport in the quantum Heisenberg spin chain is\nknown to be superdiffusive, and has been conjectured to lie in the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class. Using a kinetic theory of\ntransport, we compute the KPZ coupling strength for the Heisenberg chain as a\nfunction of temperature, directly from microscopics; the results agree well\nwith density-matrix renormalization group simulations. We establish a rigorous\nquantum-classical correspondence between the \"giant quasiparticles\" that govern\nsuperdiffusion and solitons in the classical continuous Landau-Lifshitz\nferromagnet. We conclude that KPZ universality has the same origin in classical\nand quantum integrable isotropic magnets: a finite-temperature gas of\nlow-energy classical solitons.",
        "positive": "Modelling sample-to-sample fluctuations of the gap ratio in finite\n  disordered spin chains: We study sample-to-sample fluctuations of the gap ratio in the energy spectra\nin finite disordered spin chains. The chains are described by the random-field\nIsing model and the Heisenberg model. We show that away from the\nergodic/nonergodic crossover, the fluctuations are correctly captured by the\nRosenzweig-Porter (RP) model. However, fluctuations in the microscopic models\nsignificantly exceed those in the RP model in the vicinity of the crossover. We\nshow that upon introducing an extension to the RP model, one correctly\nreproduces the fluctuations in all regimes, i.e., in the ergodic and nonergodic\nregimes as well as at the crossover between them. Finally, we demonstrate how\nto reduce the sample-to-sample fluctuations in both studied microscopic models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum thermodynamic processes: A control theory for machine cycles: The minimal set of thermodynamic control parameters consists of a statistical\n(thermal) and a mechanical one. These suffice to introduce all the pertinent\nthermodynamic variables; thermodynamic processes can then be defined as paths\non this 2-dimensional control plane. Putting aside coherence we show that for a\nlarge class of quantum objects with discrete spectra and for the cycles\nconsidered the Carnot efficiency applies as a universal upper bound. In the\ndynamic (finite time) regime renormalized thermodynamic variables allow to\ninclude non-equilibrium phenomena in a systematic way. The machine function\nceases to exist in the large speed limit; the way, in which this limit is\nreached, depends on the type of cycle considered.",
        "positive": "Ising model with non-reciprocal interactions: Effective interactions that violate Newton's third law of action-reaction\nsymmetry are common in systems where interactions are mediated by a\nnon-equilibrium environment. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are carried out\non a two-dimensional Ising model, where the interactions are modified\nnon-reciprocally. We demonstrate that the critical temperature decreases as the\nnon-reciprocity increases and this decrease depends only on the magnitude of\nnon-reciprocity. Further, travelling spin waves due to the local fluctuations\nin magnetisation are observed and these spin waves travel opposite to the\nnon-reciprocity vector."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonextensivity in Geological Faults?: Geological fault systems, as the San Andreas fault (SAF) in USA, constitute\ntypical examples of self-organizing systems in nature. In this paper, we have\nconsidered some geophysical properties of the SAF system to test the viability\nof the nonextensive models for earthquakes developed in [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 73},\n026102, 2006]. To this end, we have used 6188 earthquakes events ranging in the\nmagnitude interval $2 < m < 8$ that were taken from the Network Earthquake\nInternational Center catalogs (NEIC, 2004-2006) and the Bulletin of the\nInternational Seismological Centre (ISC, 1964-2003). For values of the Tsallis\nnonextensive parameter $q \\simeq 1.68$, it is shown that the energy\ndistribution function deduced in above reference provides an excellent fit to\nthe NEIC and ISC SAF data.",
        "positive": "Numerically \"exact\" simulations of entropy production in the fully\n  quantum regime: Boltzmann entropy versus von Neumann entropy: We present a scheme to evaluate thermodynamic variables for a system coupled\nto a heat bath under a time-dependent external force using the quasi-static\nHelmholtz energy from the numerically \"exact\" hierarchical equations of motion\n(HEOM). We computed the entropy produced by a spin system strongly coupled to a\nnon-Markovian heat bath for various temperatures. We showed that when changes\nto the external perturbation occurred sufficiently slowly, the system always\nreached thermal equilibrium. Thus, we calculated the Boltzmann entropy and the\nvon Neumann entropy for an isothermal process, as well as various thermodynamic\nvariables, such as changes of internal energies, heat, and work, for a system\nin quasi-static equilibrium based on the HEOM. We found that, although the\ncharacteristic features of the system entropies in the Boltzmann and von\nNeumann cases as a function of the system--bath coupling strength are similar,\nthose for the total entropy production are completely different. The total\nentropy production in the Boltzmann case is always positive, whereas that in\nthe von Neumann case becomes negative if we chose a thermal equilibrium state\nof the total system (an unfactorized thermal equilibrium state) as the initial\nstate. This is because the total entropy production in the von Neumann case\ndoes not properly take into account the contribution of the entropy from the\nsystem--bath interaction. Thus, the Boltzmann entropy must be used to\ninvestigate entropy production in the fully quantum regime. Finally, we\nexamined the applicability of the Jarzynski equality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-principles calculation of entropy for liquid metals: We demonstrate the accurate calculation of entropies and free energies for a\nvariety of liquid metals using an extension of the two phase thermodynamic\n(2PT) model based on a decomposition of the velocity autocorrelation function\ninto gas-like (hard sphere) and solid-like (harmonic) subsystems. The hard\nsphere model for the gas-like component is shown to give systematically high\nentropies for liquid metals as a direct result of the unphysical Lorentzian\nhigh-frequency tail. Using a memory function framework we derive a generally\napplicable velocity autocorrelation and frequency spectrum for the diffusive\ncomponent which recovers the low frequency (long time) behavior of the hard\nsphere model while providing for realistic short time coherence and high\nfrequency tails to the spectrum. This approach provides a significant increase\nin the accuracy of the calculated entropies for liquid metals and is compared\nto ambient pressure data for liquid sodium, aluminum, gallium, tin, and iron.\nThe use of this method for the determination of melt boundaries is demonstrated\nwith a calculation of the high pressure bcc melt boundary for sodium. With the\nsignificantly improved accuracy available with the memory function treatment\nfor softer interatomic potentials, the 2PT model for entropy calculations\nshould find broader application in high energy density science, warm dense\nmatter, planetary science, geophysics, and material science.",
        "positive": "Transport Theory in the Context of the Normalized Generalized Statistics: In this work assuming valid the equipartition theorem and using the\nnormalized q-expectation value, we obtain, until first order approximation, the\nhydrodynamics equation for the generalized statistics. This equations are\ndifferent from those obtained in the context of the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics.\nThis difference is that now appears two transport coefficient that depend on\nthe q-value."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Off-equilibrium generalization of the fluctuation dissipation theorem\n  for Ising spins and measurement of the linear response function: We derive for Ising spins an off-equilibrium generalization of the\nfluctuation dissipation theorem, which is formally identical to the one\npreviously obtained for soft spins with Langevin dynamics [L.F.Cugliandolo,\nJ.Kurchan and G.Parisi, J.Phys.I France \\textbf{4}, 1641 (1994)]. The result is\nquite general and holds both for dynamics with conserved and non conserved\norder parameter. On the basis of this fluctuation dissipation relation, we\nconstruct an efficient numerical algorithm for the computation of the linear\nresponse function without imposing the perturbing field, which is alternative\nto those of Chatelain [J.Phys. A \\textbf{36}, 10739 (2003)] and Ricci-Tersenghi\n[Phys.Rev.E {\\bf 68}, 065104(R) (2003)]. As applications of the new algorithm,\nwe present very accurate data for the linear response function of the Ising\nchain, with conserved and non conserved order parameter dynamics, finding that\nin both cases the structure is the same with a very simple physical\ninterpretation. We also compute the integrated response function of the two\ndimensional Ising model, confirming that it obeys scaling $\\chi (t,t_w)\\simeq\nt_w^{-a}f(t/t_w)$, with $a =0.26\\pm 0.01$, as previously found with a different\nmethod.",
        "positive": "Bohman-Frieze-Wormald model on the lattice, yielding a discontinuous\n  percolation transition: The BFW model introduced by Bohman, Frieze, and Wormald [Random Struct.\nAlgorithms, 25, 432 (2004)] and recently investigated in the framework of\ndiscontinuous percolation by Chen and D'Souza [Phys. Rev. Lett., 106, 115701\n(2011)], is studied on the square and simple-cubic lattices. In two and three\ndimensions, we find numerical evidence for a strongly discontinuous transition.\nIn two dimensions, the clusters at the threshold are compact with a fractal\nsurface of fractal dimension $d_f=1.49\\pm0.02$. On the simple-cubic lattice,\ndistinct jumps in the size of the largest cluster are observed. We proceed to\nanalyze the tree-like version of the model, where only merging bonds are\nsampled, for dimension two to seven. The transition is again discontinuous in\nany considered dimension. Finally, the dependence of the cluster-size\ndistribution at the threshold on the spatial dimension is also investigated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Correlations of Ideal Bose and Fermi Gases in the Canonical\n  Ensemble: We derive an expression for the reduced density matrices of ideal Bose and\nFermi gases in the canonical ensemble, which corresponds to the Bloch--De\nDominicis (or Wick's) theorem in the grand canonical ensemble for\nnormal-ordered products of operators. Using this expression, we study one- and\ntwo-body correlations of homogeneous ideal gases with $N$ particles. The pair\ndistribution function $g^{(2)}(r)$ of fermions clearly exhibits antibunching\nwith $g^{(2)}(0)=0$ due to the Pauli exclusion principle at all temperatures,\nwhereas that of normal bosons shows bunching with $g^{(2)}(0)\\approx 2$,\ncorresponding to the Hanbury Brown--Twiss effect. For bosons below the\nBose--Einstein condensation temperature $T_0$, an off-diagonal long-range order\ndevelops in the one-particle density matrix to reach $g^{(1)}(r)=1$ at $T=0$,\nand the pair correlation starts to decrease towards $g^{(2)}(r)\\approx 1$ at\n$T=0$. The results for $N\\rightarrow \\infty$ are seen to converge to those of\nthe grand canonical ensemble obtained by assuming the average\n$\\langle\\hat\\psi({\\bf r})\\rangle$ of the field operator $\\hat\\psi({\\bf r})$\nbelow $T_0$. This fact justifies the introduction of the \"anomalous\" average\n$\\langle\\hat\\psi({\\bf r})\\rangle\\neq 0$ below $T_0$ in the grand canonical\nensemble as a mathematical means of removing unphysical particle-number\nfluctuations to reproduce the canonical results in the thermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "Return or stock price differences: The analysis which assumes that tick by tick data is linear may lead to wrong\nconclusions if the underlying process is multiplicative. We compare data\nanalysis done with the return and stock differences and we study the limits\nwithin the two approaches are equivalent. Some illustrative examples concerning\nthese two approaches are given. Actual data is taken from S&P 500 stock cash\nindex."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamically Optimized Wang-Landau Sampling with Adaptive Trial Moves and\n  Modification Factors: The density of states of continuous models is known to span many orders of\nmagnitudes at different energies due to the small volume of phase space near\nthe ground state. Consequently, the traditional Wang-Landau sampling which uses\nthe same trial move for all energies faces difficulties sampling the low\nentropic states. We developed an adaptive variant of the Wang-Landau algorithm\nthat very effectively samples the density of states of continuous models across\nthe entire energy range. By extending the acceptance ratio method of Bouzida,\nKumar, and Swendsen such that the step size of the trial move and acceptance\nrate are adapted in an energy-dependent fashion, the random walker efficiently\nadapts its sampling according to the local phase space structure. The\nWang-Landau modification factor is also made energy-dependent in accordance\nwith the step size, enhancing the accumulation of the density of states.\nNumerical simulations show that our proposed method performs much better than\nthe traditional Wang-Landau sampling.",
        "positive": "Towards the Thermodynamics of Localization Processes: We study the entropy time evolution of a quantum mechanical model, which is\nfrequently used as a prototype for Anderson's localization. Recently Latora and\nBaranger [V. Latora, M. Baranger, Phys. Rev.Lett. 82, 520(1999)] found that\nthere exist three entropy regimes, a transient regime of passage from dynamics\nto thermodynamics, a linear in time regime of entropy increase, namely a\nthermodynamic regime of Kolmogorov kind, and a saturation regime. We use the\nnon-extensive entropic indicator recently advocated by Tsallis [ C. Tsallis, J.\nStat. Phys. 52, 479 (1988)] with a mobile entropic index q, and we find that\nwith the adoption of the ``magic'' value q = Q = 1/2 the Kolmogorov regime\nbecomes more extended and more distinct than with the traditional entropic\nindex q = 1. We adopt a two-site model to explain these properties by means of\nan analytical treatment and we argue that Q =1/2 might be a typical signature\nof the occurrence of Anderson's localization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work fluctuations for a Brownian particle in a harmonic trap with\n  fluctuating locations: We consider a Brownian particle in a harmonic trap. The location of the trap\nis modulated according to an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We investigate the\nfluctuation of the work done by the modulated trap on the Brownian particle in\na given time interval in the steady state. We compute the large deviation as\nwell as the complete asymptotic form of the probability density function of the\nwork done. The theoretical asymptotic forms of the probability density function\nare in very good agreement with the numerics. We also discuss the validity of\nthe fluctuation theorem for this system.",
        "positive": "Generalized Bose-Einstein condensation into multiple states in\n  driven-dissipative systems: Bose-Einstein condensation, the macroscopic occupation of a single quantum\nstate, appears in equilibrium quantum statistical mechanics and persists also\nin the hydrodynamic regime close to equilibrium. Here we show that even when a\ndegenerate Bose gas is driven into a steady state far from equilibrium, where\nthe notion of a single-particle ground state becomes meaningless, Bose-Einstein\ncondensation survives in a generalized form: the unambiguous selection of an\nodd number of states acquiring large occupations. Within mean-field theory we\nderive a criterion for when a single and when multiple states are Bose selected\nin a non-interacting gas. We study the effect in several driven-dissipative\nmodel systems, and propose a quantum switch for heat conductivity based on\nshifting between one and three selected states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Position-dependent memory kernel in generalized Langevin equations:\n  theory and numerical estimation: Generalized Langevin equations with non-linear forces and position-dependent\nlinear friction memory kernels, such as commonly used to describe the effective\ndynamics of coarse-grained variables in molecular dynamics, are rigorously\nderived within the Mori-Zwanzig formalism. A fluctuation-dissipation theorem\nrelating the properties of the noise to the memory kernel is shown. The\nderivation also yields Volterra-type equations for the kernel, which can be\nused for a numerical parametrization of the model from all-atom simulations.",
        "positive": "Magnetization and spin-spin energy diffusion in the XY model: a\n  diagrammatic approach: It is shown that the diagrammatic cluster expansion technique for equilibrium\naverages of spin operators may be straightforwardly extended to the calculation\nof time-dependent correlation functions of spin operators. We use this\ntechnique to calculate exactly the first two non-vanishing moments of the\nspin-spin and energy-energy correlation functions of the XY model with\narbitrary couplings, in the long-wavelength, infinite temperature limit\nappropriate for spin diffusion. These moments are then used to estimate the\nmagnetization and spin-spin energy diffusion coefficients of the model using a\nphenomenological theory of Redfield. Qualitative agreement is obtained with\nrecent experiments measuring diffusion of dipolar energy in calcium fluoride."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Joint distributions of partial and global maxima of a Brownian Bridge: We analyze the joint distributions and temporal correlations between the\npartial maximum $m$ and the global maximum $M$ achieved by a Brownian Bridge on\nthe subinterval $[0,t_1]$ and on the entire interval $[0,t]$, respectively. We\ndetermine three probability distribution functions: The joint distribution\n$P(m,M)$ of both maxima; the distribution $P(m)$ of the partial maximum; and\nthe distribution $\\Pi(G)$ of the gap between the maxima, $G = M-m$. We present\nexact results for the moments of these distributions and quantify the temporal\ncorrelations between $m$ and $M$ by calculating the Pearson correlation\ncoefficient.",
        "positive": "Universal behavior beyond multifractality in quantum many-body systems: How many states of a configuration space contribute to a wave-function?\nAttempts to answer this ubiquitous question have a long history in physics and\nchemistry, and are keys to understand e.g. localization phenomena. Quantifying\nthis aspect has often been overlooked for interacting many-body quantum\nsystems, mainly due to the exponential growth of the configuration (Hilbert)\nspace. Here, we introduce two Monte Carlo schemes to calculate Shannon-Renyi\nentropies for ground-states of large quantum many-body systems that are out of\nreach for any other exact method. Our simulations reveal that the very nature\nof quantum phases of matter and associated transitions is captured by universal\nsubleading terms in these entropies, on top of a generic dominant multifractal\nbehavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Network geometry with flavor: from complexity to quantum geometry: Here we introduce the Network Geometry with Flavor $s=-1,0,1$ (NGF)\ndescribing simplicial complexes defined in arbitrary dimension $d$ and evolving\nby a non-equilibrium dynamics. The NGF can generate discrete geometries of\ndifferent nature, ranging from chains and higher dimensional manifolds to\nscale-free networks with small-world properties, scale-free degree distribution\nand non-trivial community structure. The NGF admits as limiting cases both the\nBianconi-Barab\\'asi model for complex networks the stochastic Apollonian\nnetwork, and the recently introduced model for Complex Quantum Network\nManifolds. The thermodynamic properties of NGF reveal that NGF obeys a\ngeneralized area law opening a new scenario for formulating its coarse-grained\nlimit. The structure of NGF is strongly dependent on the dimensionality $d$. We\nalso show that NGF admits a quantum mechanical description in terms of\nassociated quantum network states. Quantum network states are evolving by a\nMarkovian dynamics and a quantum network state at time $t$ encodes all possible\nNGF evolutions up to time $t$. Interestingly the NGF remains fully classical\nbut its statistical properties reveal the relation to its quantum mechanical\ndescription. In fact the $\\delta$-dimensional faces of the NGF have generalized\ndegrees that follow either the Fermi-Dirac, Boltzmann or Bose-Einstein\nstatistics depending on the flavor $s$ and the dimensions $d$ and $\\delta$.",
        "positive": "Quantum criticality in spin chains with non-ohmic dissipation: We investigate the critical behavior of a spin chain coupled to bosonic baths\ncharacterized by a spectral density proportional to $\\omega^s$, with $s>1$.\nVarying $s$ changes the effective dimension $d_\\text{eff} = d + z$ of the\nsystem, where $z$ is the dynamical critical exponent and the number of spatial\ndimensions $d$ is set to one. We consider two extreme cases of clock models,\nnamely Ising-like and U(1)-symmetric ones, and find the critical exponents\nusing Monte Carlo methods. The dynamical critical exponent and the anomalous\nscaling dimension $\\eta$ are independent of the order parameter symmetry for\nall values of $s$. The dynamical critical exponent varies continuously from $z\n\\approx 2$ for $s=1$ to $z=1$ for $s=2$, and the anomalous scaling dimension\nevolves correspondingly from $\\eta \\gtrsim 0$ to $\\eta = 1/4$. The latter\nexponent values are readily understood from the effective dimensionality of the\nsystem being $d_\\text{eff} \\approx 3$ for $s=1$, while for $s=2$ the anomalous\ndimension takes the well-known exact value for the 2D Ising and XY models,\nsince then $d_{\\rm{eff}}=2$. A noteworthy feature is, however, that $z$\napproaches unity and $\\eta$ approaches 1/4 for values of $s < 2$, while naive\nscaling would predict the dissipation to become irrelevant for $s=2$. Instead,\nwe find that $z=1,\\eta=1/4$ for $s \\approx 1.75$ for both Ising-like and U(1)\norder parameter symmetry. These results lead us to conjecture that for all\nsite-dissipative $Z_q$ chains, these two exponents are related by the scaling\nrelation $z = \\text{max} {(2-\\eta)/s, 1}$. We also connect our results to\nquantum criticality in nondissipative spin chains with long-range spatial\ninteractions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superfluid helium as the condensate of bound atoms pairs: Based upon the hypothesis of simultaneous participation of helium particles\nin atom(atom) and pair(pair) motions, the proof of Feynman and Bogoliubov\nformulas validity for elementary excitations spectrum in superfluid helium is\ncarried out with the double mass of particle.",
        "positive": "Sub-diffusion in External Potential: Anomalous hiding behind Normal: We propose a model of sub-diffusion in which an external force is acting on a\nparticle at all times not only at the moment of jump. The implication of this\nassumption is the dependence of the random trapping time on the force with the\ndramatic change of particles behavior compared to the standard continuous time\nrandom walk model. Constant force leads to the transition from non-ergodic\nsub-diffusion to seemingly ergodic diffusive behavior. However, we show it\nremains anomalous in a sense that the diffusion coefficient depends on the\nforce and the anomalous exponent. For the quadratic potential we find that the\nanomalous exponent defines not only the speed of convergence but also the\nstationary distribution which is different from standard Boltzmann equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Takahashi Integral Equation and High-Temperature Expansion of the\n  Heisenberg Chain: Recently a new integral equation describing the thermodynamics of the 1D\nHeisenberg model was discovered by Takahashi. Using the integral equation we\nhave succeeded in obtaining the high temperature expansion of the specific heat\nand the magnetic susceptibility up to O((J/T)^{100}). This is much higher than\nthose obtained so far by the standard methods such as the linked-cluster\nalgorithm. Our results will be useful to examine various approximation methods\nto extrapolate the high temperature expansion to the low temperature region.",
        "positive": "The large-scale organization of metabolic networks: In a cell or microorganism the processes that generate mass, energy,\ninformation transfer, and cell fate specification are seamlessly integrated\nthrough a complex network of various cellular constituents and reactions.\nHowever, despite the key role these networks play in sustaining various\ncellular functions, their large-scale structure is essentially unknown. Here we\npresent the first systematic comparative mathematical analysis of the metabolic\nnetworks of 43 organisms representing all three domains of life. We show that,\ndespite significant variances in their individual constituents and pathways,\nthese metabolic networks display the same topologic scaling properties\ndemonstrating striking similarities to the inherent organization of complex\nnon-biological systems. This suggests that the metabolic organization is not\nonly identical for all living organisms, but complies with the design\nprinciples of robust and error-tolerant scale-free networks, and may represent\na common blueprint for the large-scale organization of interactions among all\ncellular constituents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Absence of Bose-Einstein condensation with a uniform field and contact\n  interaction: The behavior of a Bose-Einstein ideal gas of particles in a three dimensional\nspace in the presence of a uniform field, such as gravity, and of contact\ninteraction, describing the presence of one impurity, is investigated. It is\nshown that Bose-Einstein condensation can not occur.",
        "positive": "Droplet Motion for the Conservative 2D Ising Lattice Gas Dynamics below\n  the Critical Temperature: We consider the 2D Ising lattice gas in a square of side L with free boundary\nconditions, temperature below the critical one and particle density slightly\nabove the density of the vapor phase. Typical configurations consist of a\nquarter of a Wulff droplet of the liquid phase centered at one of the corners\nof the given square. We then introduced a reversible Markovian spin exchange\ndynamics, also known as Kawasaki dynamics, on the configuration space and we\ndiscuss the heuristics of the transition of a bubble of the liquid phase from\none corner to another. We then present some numerical evidence suggesting that\nthe preferred mechanism to make the transition is via evaporation of the\noriginal bubble and simultaneous reconstruction of a new bubble around a new\ncorner."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the role of Fourier modes in finite-size scaling above the upper\n  critical dimension: Renormalization-group theory stands, since over 40 years, as one of the\npillars of modern physics. As such, there should be no remaining doubt\nregarding its validity. However, finite-size scaling, which derives from it,\nhas long been poorly understood above the upper critical dimension $d_c$ in\nmodels with free boundary conditions. Besides its fundamental significance for\nscaling theories, the issue is important at a practical level because\nfinite-size, statistical-physics systems, with free boundaries above $d_c$, are\nexperimentally accessible with long-range interactions. Here we address the\nroles played by Fourier modes for such systems and show that the current\nphenomenological picture is not supported for all thermodynamic observables\neither with free or periodic boundaries. Instead, the correct picture emerges\nfrom a sector of the renormalization group hitherto considered unphysical.",
        "positive": "Measuring thermodynamic length: Thermodynamic length is a metric distance between equilibrium thermodynamic\nstates. Among other interesting properties, this metric asymptotically bounds\nthe dissipation induced by a finite time transformation of a thermodynamic\nsystem. It is also connected to the Jensen-Shannon divergence, Fisher\ninformation and Rao's entropy differential metric. Therefore, thermodynamic\nlength is of central interest in understanding matter out-of-equilibrium. In\nthis paper, we will consider how to define thermodynamic length for a small\nsystem described by equilibrium statistical mechanics and how to measure\nthermodynamic length within a computer simulation. Surprisingly, Bennett's\nclassic acceptance ratio method for measuring free energy differences also\nmeasures thermodynamic length."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover from anomalous to normal diffusion in porous media: Random walks (RW) of particles adsorbed in the internal walls of porous\ndeposits produced by ballistic-type growth models are studied. The particles\nstart at the external surface of the deposits and enter their pores, in order\nto simulate an external flux of a species towards a porous solid. For short\ntimes, the walker concentration decays as a stretched exponential of the depth\nz, but a crossover to long time normal diffusion is observed in most samples.\nThe anomalous concentration profile remains at long times in very porous solids\nif the walker steps are restricted to nearest neighbors and is accompanied with\nsubdiffusion features. These findings are correlated with a decay of the\nexplored area with z. The study of RW of tracer particles left at the internal\npart of the solid rules out an interpretation by diffusion equations with\nposition-dependent coefficients. A model of RW in a tube of decreasing cross\nsection explains those results by showing long crossovers from an effective\nsubdiffusion regime to an asymptotic normal diffusion. The crossover position\nand density are analytically calculated for a tube with area decreasing\nexponentially with z and show good agreement with numerical data. The anomalous\ndecay of the concentration profile is interpreted as a templating effect of the\ntube shape on the total number of diffusing particles at each depth, while the\nvolumetric concentration in the actually explored porous region may not have\nsignificant decay. These results may explain the anomalous diffusion of metal\natoms in porous deposits observed in recent works. They also confirm the\ndifficulty in interpreting experimental or computational data on anomalous\ntransport reported in recent works, particularly if only the concentration\nprofiles are measured.",
        "positive": "Magnetic phase diagram of the Ising model with the long-range RKKY\n  interaction: The standard Metropolis algorithm and the parallel tempering method are used\nto examine magnetization processes in the Ising model with the long-range RKKY\ninteraction on the Shastry-Sutherland lattice. It is shown that the Ising model\nwith RKKY interaction exhibits, depending on the value of the Fermi wave vector\n$k_F$, the reach spectrum of magnetic solutions, which is manifested in the\nappearance of new magnetization plateaus on the magnetization curve. In\nparticular, we have found the following set of individual magnetization\nplateaus with fractional magnetization $m/m_s$=1/18, 1/9, 1/8, 1/5, 1/4, 1/3,\n3/8, 5/12, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, which for different values of $k_F$ form various\nsequences of plateaus, changing from very complex, appearing near the point\n$k_F=2\\pi/1.2$, to very simple appearing away this point. Since the change of\n$k_F$ can be induced by doping (the substitution of rare-earth ion by other\nmagnetic ion that introduces the additional electrons to the conduction band)\nthe model is able to predict the complete sequences of magnetization plateaus,\nwhich could appear in the tetraboride solid solutions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Physics-informed graph neural networks enhance scalability of\n  variational nonequilibrium optimal control: When a physical system is driven away from equilibrium, the statistical\ndistribution of its dynamical trajectories informs many of its physical\nproperties. Characterizing the nature of the distribution of dynamical\nobservables, such as a current or entropy production rate, has become a central\nproblem in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. Asymptotically, for a broad\nclass of observables, the distribution of a given observable satisfies a large\ndeviation principle when the dynamics is Markovian, meaning that fluctuations\ncan be characterized in the long-time limit by computing a scaled cumulant\ngenerating function. Calculating this function is not tractable analytically\n(nor often numerically) for complex, interacting systems, so the development of\nrobust numerical techniques to carry out this computation is needed to probe\nthe properties of nonequilibrium materials. Here, we describe an algorithm that\nrecasts this task as an optimal control problem that can be solved\nvariationally. We solve for optimal control forces using neural network\nans\\\"atze that are tailored to the physical systems to which the forces are\napplied. We demonstrate that this approach leads to transferable and accurate\nsolutions in two systems featuring large numbers of interacting particles.",
        "positive": "Statistical Derivation of Basic Equations of Diffusional Kinetics in\n  Alloys with Application to the Description of Diffusion of Carbon in\n  Austenite: Basic equations of diffusional kinetics in alloys are statistically derived\nusing the master equation approach. To describe diffusional transformations in\nsubstitution alloys, we derive the \"quasi-equilibrium\" kinetic equation which\ngeneralizes its earlier versions by taking into account possible \"interaction\nrenormalization\" effects. For the interstitial alloys Me-X, we derive the\nexplicit expression for the diffusivity D of an interstitial atom X which\nnotably differs from those used in previous phenomenological treatments. This\nmicroscopic expression for D is applied to describe the diffusion of carbon in\naustenite basing on some simple models of carbon-carbon interaction. The\nresults obtained enable us to make certain conclusions about the real form of\nthese interactions, and about the scale of the \"transition state entropy\" for\ndiffusion of carbon in austenite."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality class of the critical point in the restricted primitive\n  model of ionic systems: A coarse-grained description of the restricted primitive model is considered\nin terms of the local charge- and number-density fields. Exact reduction to a\none-field theory is derived, and exact expressions for the number-density\ncorrelation functions in terms of higher-order correlation functions for the\ncharge-density are given. It is shown that in continuum space the singularity\nof the charge-density correlation function associated with short-wavelength\ncharge-ordering disappears when charge-density fluctuations are included by\nfollowing the Brazovskii approach. The related singularity of the individual\nFeynman diagrams contributing to the number-density correlation functions is\ncured when all the diagrams are segregated ito disjoint sets according to their\ntopological structure. By performing a resummation of all diagrams belonging to\neach set a regular expression represented by a secondary diagram is obtained.\nThe secondary diagrams are again segregated into disjoint sets, and the series\nof all the secondary diagrams belonging to a given set is represented by a\nhyperdiagram. A one-to-one correspondence between the hyperdiagrams\ncontributing to the number-density vertex functions, and diagrams contributing\nto the order-parameter vertex functions in a certain model system belonging to\nthe Ising universality class is demonstrated. Corrections to scaling associated\nwith irrelevant operators that are present in the model-system Hamiltonian, and\nother corrections specific to the RPM are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Universal prethermal dynamics in Heisenberg ferromagnets: We study the universal far from equilibrium dynamics of magnons in Heisenberg\nferromagnets. We show that such systems exhibit universal scaling in momentum\nand time of the quasiparticle distribution function, with the universal\nexponents distinct from those recently observed in Bose-Einstein condensates.\nThis new universality class originates from the SU(2) symmetry of the\nHamiltonian, which leads to a strong momentum-dependent magnon-magnon\nscattering amplitude. We compute the universal exponents using the Boltzmann\nkinetic equation and incoherent initial conditions that can be realized with\nmicrowave pumping of magnons. We compare our numerical results with analytic\nestimates of the scaling exponents and demonstrate the robustness of the\nscaling to variations in the initial conditions. Our predictions can be tested\nin quench experiments of spin systems in optical lattices and pump-probe\nexperiments in ferromagnetic insulators such as yttrium iron garnet."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Symmetries in Fluctuations Far from Equilibrium: Fluctuations arise universally in Nature as a reflection of the discrete\nmicroscopic world at the macroscopic level. Despite their apparent noisy\norigin, fluctuations encode fundamental aspects of the physics of the system at\nhand, crucial to understand irreversibility and nonequilibrium behavior. In\norder to sustain a given fluctuation, a system traverses a precise optimal path\nin phase space. Here we show that by demanding invariance of optimal paths\nunder symmetry transformations, new and general fluctuation relations valid\narbitrarily far from equilibrium are unveiled. This opens an unexplored route\ntoward a deeper understanding of nonequilibrium physics by bringing symmetry\nprinciples to the realm of fluctuations. We illustrate this concept studying\nsymmetries of the current distribution out of equilibrium. In particular we\nderive an isometric fluctuation relation which links in a strikingly simple\nmanner the probabilities of any pair of isometric current fluctuations. This\nrelation, which results from the time-reversibility of the dynamics, includes\nas a particular instance the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem in this\ncontext but adds a completely new perspective on the high level of symmetry\nimposed by time-reversibility on the statistics of nonequilibrium fluctuations.\nThe new symmetry implies remarkable hierarchies of equations for the current\ncumulants and the nonlinear response coefficients, going far beyond Onsager's\nreciprocity relations and Green-Kubo formulae. We confirm the validity of the\nnew symmetry relation in extensive numerical simulations, and suggest that the\nidea of symmetry in fluctuations as invariance of optimal paths has\nfar-reaching consequences in diverse fields.",
        "positive": "Work fluctuations of self-propelled particles in the phase separated\n  state: We study the large deviations of the distribution P(W_\\tau) of the work\nassociated with the propulsion of individual active brownian particles in a\ntime interval \\tau, in the region of the phase diagram where macroscopic phase\nseparation takes place. P(W_\\tau) is characterised by two peaks, associated to\nparticles in the gaseous and in the clusterised phases, and two separate\nnon-convex branches. Accordingly, the generating function of W_\\tau cumulants\ndisplays a double singularity. We discuss the origin of such non-convex\nbranches in terms of the peculiar dynamics of the system phases, and the\nrelation between the observation time \\tau and the typical persistence times of\nthe particles in the two phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A multiscale thermodynamic generalization of Maxwell-Stefan diffusion\n  equations and of the dusty gas model: Despite the fact that the theory of mixtures has been part of non-equilibrium\nthermodynamics and engineering for a long time, it is far from complete. While\nit is well formulated and tested in the case of mechanical equilibrium (where\nonly diffusion-like processes take place), the question how to properly\ndescribe homogeneous mixtures that flow with multiple independent velocities\nthat still possess some inertia (before mechanical equilibrium is reached) is\nstill open. Moreover, the mixtures can have several temperatures before they\nrelax to a common value. In this paper, we derive a theory of mixtures from\nHamiltonian mechanics in interaction with electromagnetic fields. The resulting\nevolution equations are then reduced to the case with only one momentum\n(classical irreversible thermodynamics), providing a generalization of the\nMaxwell-Stefan diffusion equations. In a next step, we reduce that description\nto the mechanical equilibrium (no momentum) and derive a non-isothermal variant\nof the dusty gas model. These reduced equations are solved numerically, and we\nillustrate the results on efficiency analysis, showing where in a concentration\ncell efficiency is lost. Finally, the theory of mixtures identifies the\ntemperature difference between constituents as a possible new source of the\nSoret coefficient. For the sake of clarity, we restrict the presentation to the\ncase of binary mixtures; the generalization is straightforward.",
        "positive": "Ordering dynamics of the driven lattice gas model: The evolution of a two-dimensional driven lattice-gas model is studied on an\nL_x X L_y lattice. Scaling arguments and extensive numerical simulations are\nused to show that starting from random initial configuration the model evolves\nvia two stages: (a) an early stage in which alternating stripes of particles\nand vacancies are formed along the direction y of the driving field, and (b) a\nstripe coarsening stage, in which the number of stripes is reduced and their\naverage width increases. The number of stripes formed at the end of the first\nstage is shown to be a function of L_x/L_y^\\phi, with \\phi ~ 0.2. Thus,\ndepending on this parameter, the resulting state could be either single or\nmulti striped. In the second, stripe coarsening stage, the coarsening time is\nfound to be proportional to L_y, becoming infinitely long in the thermodynamic\nlimit. This implies that the multi striped state is thermodynamically stable.\nThe results put previous studies of the model in a more general framework."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Casimir Forces between Compact Objects: I. The Scalar Case: We have developed an exact, general method to compute Casimir interactions\nbetween a finite number of compact objects of arbitrary shape and separation.\nHere, we present details of the method for a scalar field to illustrate our\napproach in its most simple form; the generalization to electromagnetic fields\nis outlined in Ref. [1]. The interaction between the objects is attributed to\nquantum fluctuations of source distributions on their surfaces, which we\ndecompose in terms of multipoles. A functional integral over the effective\naction of multipoles gives the resulting interaction. Each object's shape and\nboundary conditions enter the effective action only through its scattering\nmatrix. Their relative positions enter through universal translation matrices\nthat depend only on field type and spatial dimension. The distinction of our\nmethod from the pairwise summation of two-body potentials is elucidated in\nterms of the scattering processes between three objects. To illustrate the\npower of the technique, we consider Robin boundary conditions $\\phi -\\lambda\n\\partial_n \\phi=0$, which interpolate between Dirichlet and Neumann cases as\n$\\lambda$ is varied. We obtain the interaction between two such spheres\nanalytically in a large separation expansion, and numerically for all\nseparations. The cases of unequal radii and unequal $\\lambda$ are studied. We\nfind sign changes in the force as a function of separation in certain ranges of\n$\\lambda$ and see deviations from the proximity force approximation even at\nshort separations, most notably for Neumann boundary conditions.",
        "positive": "Classification of anomalous diffusion in animal movement data using\n  power spectral analysis: The field of movement ecology has seen a rapid increase in high-resolution\ndata in recent years, leading to the development of numerous statistical and\nnumerical methods to analyse relocation trajectories. Data are often collected\nat the level of the individual and for long periods that may encompass a range\nof behaviours. Here, we use the power spectral density (PSD) to characterise\nthe random movement patterns of a black-winged kite (Elanus caeruleus) and a\nwhite stork (Ciconia ciconia). The tracks are first segmented and clustered\ninto different behaviours (movement modes), and for each mode we measure the\nPSD and the ageing properties of the process. For the foraging kite we find\n$1/f$ noise, previously reported in ecological systems mainly in the context of\npopulation dynamics, but not for movement data. We further suggest plausible\nmodels for each of the behavioural modes by comparing both the measured PSD\nexponents and the distribution of the single-trajectory PSD to known\ntheoretical results and simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Error in Particle Simulations of Hydrodynamic Phenomena: We present predictions for the statistical error due to finite sampling in\nthe presence of thermal fluctuations in molecular simulation algorithms.\nSpecifically, we establish how these errors depend on Mach number, Knudsen\nnumber, number of particles, etc. Expressions for the common hydrodynamic\nvariables of interest such as flow velocity, temperature, density, pressure,\nshear stress and heat flux are derived using equilibrium statistical mechanics.\nBoth volume-averaged and surface-averaged quantities are considered.\nComparisons between theory and computations using direct simulation Monte Carlo\nfor dilute gases, and molecular dynamics for dense fluids, show that the use of\nequilibrium theory provides accurate results.",
        "positive": "Slow dynamics in a driven two-lane particle system: We study a two-lane model of two-species of particles that perform biased\ndiffusion. Extensive numerical simulations show that when bias q is strong\nenough oppositely drifting particles form some clusters that block each other.\nCoarsening of such clusters is very slow and their size increases\nlogarithmically in time. For smaller q particles collapse essentially on a\nsingle cluster whose size seems to diverge at a certain value of q=q_c.\nSimulations show that despite slow coarsening, the model has rather large\npower-law cooling-rate effects. It makes its dynamics different from glassy\nsystems, but similar to some three-dimensional Ising-type models (gonihedric\nmodels)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissociative attachment of an electron to a molecule: kinetic theory: Test particles interact with a medium by means of a bimolecular reversible\nchemical reaction. Two species are assumed to be much more numerous so that\nthey are distributed according fixed distributions: Maxwellians and Dirac's\ndeltas. Equilibrium and its stability are investigated in the first case. For\nthe second case, a system is constructed, in view of an approximate solution.",
        "positive": "Labyrinthic granular landscapes: We have numerically studied a model of granular landscape eroded by wind. We\nshow the appearance of labyrinthic patterns when the wind orientation turns by\n$90^\\circ$. The occurence of such structures are discussed. Morever, we\nintroduce the density $n_k$ of ``defects'' as the dynamic parameter governing\nthe landscape evolution. A power law behavior of $n_k$ is found as a function\nof time. In the case of wind variations, the exponent (drastically) shifts from\n2 to 1. The presence of two asymptotic values of $n_k$ implies the\nirreversibility of the labyrinthic formation process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fraudulent White Noise: Flat power spectra belie arbitrarily complex\n  processes: Power spectral densities are a common, convenient, and powerful way to\nanalyze signals. So much so that they are now broadly deployed across the\nsciences and engineering---from quantum physics to cosmology, and from\ncrystallography to neuroscience to speech recognition. The features they reveal\nnot only identify prominent signal-frequencies but also hint at mechanisms that\ngenerate correlation and lead to resonance. Despite their near-centuries-long\nrun of successes in signal analysis, here we show that flat power spectra can\nbe generated by highly complex processes, effectively hiding all inherent\nstructure in complex signals. Historically, this circumstance has been widely\nmisinterpreted, being taken as the renowned signature of \"structureless\" white\nnoise---the benchmark of randomness. We argue, in contrast, to the extent that\nmost real-world complex systems exhibit correlations beyond pairwise statistics\ntheir structures evade power spectra and other pairwise statistical measures.\nAs concrete physical examples, we demonstrate that fraudulent white noise hides\nthe predictable structure of both entangled quantum systems and chaotic\ncrystals.\n  To make these words of warning operational, we present constructive results\nthat explore how this situation comes about and the high toll it takes in\nunderstanding complex mechanisms. First, we give the closed-form solution for\nthe power spectrum of a very broad class of structurally-complex signal\ngenerators. Second, we demonstrate the close relationship between eigen-spectra\nof evolution operators and power spectra. Third, we characterize the minimal\ngenerative structure implied by any power spectrum. Fourth, we show how to\nconstruct arbitrarily complex processes with flat power spectra. Finally,\nleveraging this diagnosis of the problem, we point the way to developing more\nincisive tools for discovering structure in complex signals.",
        "positive": "Equilibriumlike extension of the invaded cluster algorithm: We propose an extension of the nonequilibrium invaded cluster (IC) algorithm,\nwhich reestablishes a correct scaling of fluctuations at criticality and also\nself-adjusts to the critical temperature. We show that by introducing a single\nconstraint to the intrinsic quantity of the IC algorithm the temperature\nbecomes well defined and the sampling of the equilibrium ensemble is regained.\nThe procedure is applied to the Potts model in two and three dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Life efficiency does not always increase with the dissipation rate: There does not exist a general positive correlation between important\nlife-supporting properties and the entropy production rate. The simple reason\nis that nondissipative and time-symmetric kinetic aspects are also relevant for\nestablishing optimal functioning. In fact those aspects are even crucial in the\nnonlinear regimes around equilibrium where we find biological processing on\nmesoscopic scales. We make these claims specific via examples of molecular\nmotors, of circadian cycles and of sensory adaptation, whose performance in\nsome regimes is indeed spoiled by increasing the dissipated power. We use the\nrelation between dissipation and the amount of time-reversal breaking to keep\nthe discussion quantitative also in effective models where the physical entropy\nproduction is not clearly identifiable.",
        "positive": "The SIRI stochastic model with creation and annihilation operators: We generalize the well known formulation of the susceptibles, infected,\nsusceptibles (SIS) spatial epidemics with creation and annihilation operators\nto the reinfection model including recovered which can be reinfected, the SIRI\nmodel, using ladder operators constructed from the Gell-Mann matrices known in\nquantum chromodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy carriers in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam $\u03b2$ lattice: Solitons or\n  Phonons?: We investigate anomalous energy transport processes in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam\n$\\beta$ lattice. They are determined by the maximum sound velocity of the\nrelevant weakly damped energy carriers. That velocity can be numerically\nresolved by measuring the propagating fronts of the correlation functions of\nenergy/momentum fluctuations at different times. The numerical results are\ncompared with the predictions for solitons and effective (renormalized)\nphonons, respectively. Excellent agreement has been found for the prediction of\neffective long wavelength phonons, giving strong evidence that the energy\ncarriers should be effective phonons rather than solitons.",
        "positive": "Percolation on correlated random networks: We consider a class of random, weighted networks, obtained through a\nredefinition of patterns in an Hopfield-like model and, by performing\npercolation processes, we get information about topology and resilience\nproperties of the networks themselves. Given the weighted nature of the graphs,\ndifferent kinds of bond percolation can be studied: stochastic (deleting links\nrandomly) and deterministic (deleting links based on rank weights), each\nmimicking a different physical process. The evolution of the network is\naccordingly different, as evidenced by the behavior of the largest component\nsize and of the distribution of cluster sizes. In particular, we can derive\nthat weak ties are crucial in order to maintain the graph connected and that,\nwhen they are the most prone to failure, the giant component typically shrinks\nwithout abruptly breaking apart; these results have been recently evidenced in\nseveral kinds of social networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation of Magnetically Confined Tokamak-Plasmas to Mechanical\n  Equilibria: The relaxation of magnetically confined plasmas in a toroidal geometry is\nanalyzed. From the equations for the Hermitian moments, we show how the system\nrelaxes towards the mechanical equilibrium. In the space of the parallel\ngeneralized frictions, after fast transients, the evolution of collisional\nmagnetically confined plasmas is such that the projections of the evolution\nequations for the parallel generalized frictions and the shortest path on the\nHermitian moments coincide. For spatially-extended systems, a similar result is\nvalid for the evolution of the {\\it thermodynamic mode} (i.e., the mode with\nwave-number k = 0). The expression for the affine connection of the space\ncovered by the generalized frictions, close to mechanical equilibria, is also\nobtained. The knowledge of the components of the affine connection is a\nfundamental prerequisite for the construction of the (nonlinear) closure theory\non transport processes.",
        "positive": "Finding the effective dynamics to make rare events typical in chaotic\n  maps: Dynamical fluctuations or rare events associated with atypical trajectories\nin chaotic maps due to specific initial conditions can crucially determine\ntheir fate, as the may lead to stability islands or regions in phase space\notherwise displaying unusual behavior. Yet, finding such initial conditions is\na daunting task precisely because of the chaotic nature of the system. In this\nwork, we circumvent this problem by proposing a framework for finding an\neffective topologically-conjugate map whose typical trajectories correspond to\natypical ones of the original map. This is illustrated by means of examples\nwhich focus on counterbalancing the instability of fixed points and periodic\norbits, as well as on the characterization of a dynamical phase transition\ninvolving the finite-time Lyapunov exponent. The procedure parallels that of\nthe application of the generalized Doob transform in the stochastic dynamics of\nMarkov chains, diffusive processes and open quantum systems, which in each case\nresults in a new process having the prescribed statistics in its stationary\nstate. This work thus brings chaotic maps into the growing family of systems\nwhose rare fluctuations -- sustaining prescribed statistics of dynamical\nobservables -- can be characterized and controlled by means of a\nlarge-deviation formalism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "$\u03b1$-divergence Improves the Entropy Production Estimation via\n  Machine Learning: Recent years have seen a surge of interest in the algorithmic estimation of\nstochastic entropy production (EP) from trajectory data via machine learning. A\ncrucial element of such algorithms is the identification of a loss function\nwhose minimization guarantees the accurate EP estimation. In this study, we\nshow that there exists a host of loss functions, namely those implementing a\nvariational representation of the $\\alpha$-divergence, which can be used for\nthe EP estimation. By fixing $\\alpha$ to a value between $-1$ and $0$, the\n$\\alpha$-NEEP (Neural Estimator for Entropy Production) exhibits a much more\nrobust performance against strong nonequilibrium driving or slow dynamics,\nwhich adversely affects the existing method based on the Kullback-Leibler\ndivergence ($\\alpha = 0$). In particular, the choice of $\\alpha = -0.5$ tends\nto yield the optimal results. To corroborate our findings, we present an\nexactly solvable simplification of the EP estimation problem, whose loss\nfunction landscape and stochastic properties give deeper intuition into the\nrobustness of the $\\alpha$-NEEP.",
        "positive": "Random Ising model in three dimensions: theory, experiment and\n  simulation - a difficult coexistence: We discuss different approaches for studying the influence of disorder in the\nthree-dimensional Ising model. From the theoretical point of view,\nrenormalisation group calculations provide quite accurate results. Experiments\ncarried out on crystalline mixtures of compounds lead to measurements as\naccurate as three digits on the values of critical exponents. Numerically,\nextensive Monte Carlo simulations then pretend to be of comparable accuracy.\nLife becomes complicated when details are compared between the three\napproaches."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Orthogonal Quantum Many-body Scars: Quantum many-body scars have been put forward as counterexamples to the\nEigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis. These atypical states are observed in a\nrange of correlated models as long-lived oscillations of local observables in\nquench experiments starting from selected initial states. The long-time memory\nis a manifestation of quantum non-ergodicity generally linked to a\nsub-extensive generation of entanglement entropy, the latter of which is widely\nused as a diagnostic for identifying quantum many-body scars numerically as low\nentanglement outliers. Here we show that, by adding kinetic constraints to a\nfractionalized orthogonal metal, we can construct a minimal model with\northogonal quantum many-body scars leading to persistent oscillations with\ninfinite lifetime coexisting with rapid volume-law entanglement generation. Our\nexample provides new insights into the link between quantum ergodicity and\nmany-body entanglement while opening new avenues for exotic non-equilibrium\ndynamics in strongly correlated multi-component quantum systems.",
        "positive": "Trajectory Class Fluctuation Theorem: The Trajectory Class Fluctuation Theorem (TCFT) substantially strengthens the\nSecond Law of Thermodynamics -- that, in point of fact, can be a rather weak\nbound on resource fluxes. Practically, it improves empirical estimates of free\nenergies, a task known to be statistically challenging, and has diagnosed\nsuccessful and failed information processing in experimentally-implemented\nJosephson-junction information engines. The development here justifies that\nempirical analysis, explicating its mathematical foundations.\n  The TCFT reveals the thermodynamics induced by macroscopic system\ntransformations for each measurable subset of system trajectories. In this, it\ndirectly combats the statistical challenge of extremely rare events that\ndominate thermodynamic calculations. And, it reveals new forms of free energy\n-- forms that can be solved for analytically and practically estimated.\nConceptually, the TCFT unifies a host of previously-established fluctuation\ntheorems, interpolating from Crooks' Detailed Fluctuation Theorem (single\ntrajectories) to Jarzynski's Equality (trajectory ensembles)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement entropy of two disjoint intervals in c=1 theories: We study the scaling of the Renyi entanglement entropy of two disjoint blocks\nof critical lattice models described by conformal field theories with central\ncharge c=1. We provide the analytic conformal field theory result for the\nsecond order Renyi entropy for a free boson compactified on an orbifold\ndescribing the scaling limit of the Ashkin-Teller (AT) model on the self-dual\nline. We have checked this prediction in cluster Monte Carlo simulations of the\nclassical two dimensional AT model. We have also performed extensive numerical\nsimulations of the anisotropic Heisenberg quantum spin-chain with tree-tensor\nnetwork techniques that allowed to obtain the reduced density matrices of\ndisjoint blocks of the spin-chain and to check the correctness of the\npredictions for Renyi and entanglement entropies from conformal field theory.\nIn order to match these predictions, we have extrapolated the numerical results\nby properly taking into account the corrections induced by the finite length of\nthe blocks to the leading scaling behavior.",
        "positive": "New Consideration on Composed Nonextensive Magnetic Systems: In this paper a composed A+B magnetic system, with spins J_A=2 and J_B=3/2,\nis considered within the mean-field approximation, in the framework of Tsallis\nnonextensive statistics. Our motivation is twofold: (1) to approach the\nexisting experimental data of manganese oxides (manganites), where Mn^{3+} and\nMn^{4+} form two magnetic sublattices, and (2) to investigate the structure of\nnonextensive density matrices of composed systems. By imposing that\nthermodynamic quantities, such as the magnetization of sublattices A and B,\nmust be invariant weather the calculation is taken over the total Hilbert space\nor over partial subspaces, we found that the expression for the nonextensive\nentropy must be adapted. Our argument is supported by calculation of\nsublattices magnetization M_A and M_B, internal energy, U_A and U_B, and\nmagnetic specific heat, CA and CB. It is shown that only with the modified\nentropy the two methods of calculation agree to each other. Internal energy and\nmagnetization are additive, but no clear relationship was found between S_A,\nS_B and the total entropy S_{A+B} for q \\neq 1. It is shown that the reason for\nthe failure of the standard way of calculation is the assumption of statistical\nindependence between the two subsystems, which however does not affect the\ndensity matrix in the full Hilbert space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal mean first-passage time for a Brownian searcher subjected to\n  resetting: experimental and theoretical results: We study experimentally and theoretically the optimal mean time needed by a\nfree diffusing Brownian particle to reach a target at a distance L from an\ninitial position in the presence of resetting. Both the initial position and\nthe resetting position are Gaussian distributed with width $\\sigma$. We derived\nand tested two resetting protocols, one with a periodic and one with random\n(Poissonian) resetting times. We computed and measured the full first-passage\nprobability distribution that displays spectacular spikes immediately after\neach resetting time for close targets. We study the optimal mean first-passage\ntime as a function of the resetting period/rate for different values of the\nratio b = L/$\\sigma$ and find an interesting phase transtion at a critical\nvalue b = bc. For bc < b < $\\infty$, there is a metastable optimum time which\ndisappears for b < bc. The intrinsic diffculties in implementing these\nprotocols in experiments are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems: Models of Phase Transitions: This paper explores the connection between dynamical system properties and\nstatistical physics of ensembles of such systems. Simple models are used to\ngive novel phase transitions; particularly for finite N particle systems with\nmany physically interesting examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bifurcation in ground-state fidelity for a one-dimensional spin model\n  with competing two-spin and three-spin interactions: A one-dimensional quantum spin model with the competing two-spin and\nthree-spin interactions is investigated in the context of a tensor network\nalgorithm based on the infinite matrix product state representation. The\nalgorithm is an adaptation of Vidal's infinite time-evolving block decimation\nalgorithm to a translation-invariant one-dimensional lattice spin system\ninvolving three-spin interactions. The ground-state fidelity per lattice site\nis computed, and its bifurcation is unveiled, for a few selected values of the\ncoupling constants. We succeed in identifying critical points and deriving\nlocal order parameters to characterize different phases in the conventional\nGinzburg-Landau-Wilson paradigm.",
        "positive": "The maximization of Tsallis entropy with complete deformed functions and\n  the problem of constraints: We first observe that the (co)domains of the q-deformed functions are some\nsubsets of the (co)domains of their ordinary counterparts, thereby deeming the\ndeformed functions to be incomplete. In order to obtain a complete definition\nof $q$-generalized functions, we calculate the dual mapping function, which is\nfound equal to the otherwise \\textit{ad hoc} duality relation between the\nordinary and escort stationary distributions. Motivated by this fact, we show\nthat the maximization of the Tsallis entropy with the complete $q$-logarithm\nand $q$-exponential implies the use of the ordinary probability distributions\ninstead of escort distributions. Moreover, we demonstrate that even the escort\nstationary distributions can be obtained through the use of the ordinary\naveraging procedure if the argument of the $q$-exponential lies in (-$\\infty$,\n0]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Complexity View of Rainfall: We show that rain events are analogous to a variety of nonequilibrium\nrelaxation processes in Nature such as earthquakes and avalanches. Analysis of\nhigh-resolution rain data reveals that power laws describe the number of rain\nevents versus size and number of droughts versus duration. In addition, the\naccumulated water column displays scale-less fluctuations. These statistical\nproperties are the fingerprints of a self-organized critical process and may\nserve as a benchmark for models of precipitation and atmospheric processes.",
        "positive": "Bose-Einstein condensate of kicked rotators: A concrete proposal for the realization of a Bose-Einstein condensate of\nkicked rotators is presented. Studying their dynamics via the one-dimensional\nGross-Pitaevskii equation on a ring we point out the existence of a Lax-pair\nand an infinite countable set of conserved quantities. Under equal conditions\nwe make numerical comparisons of the dynamics and their effective\nirreversibility in time, of ensembles of chaotic classical-, and BECs of\ninteraction-free quantum-, and interacting quantum kicked rotators."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Population Extinction on a Random Fitness Seascape: Models of population growth and extinction are an increasingly popular\nsubject of study. However, consequences of stochasticity and noise in shaping\ndistributions and outcomes are not sufficiently explored. Here we consider a\ndistributed population with logistic growth at each location, subject to\n\"seascape\" noise, wherein the population's fitness randomly varies with {\\it\nlocation and time}. Despite its simplicity, the model actually incorporates\nvariants of directed percolation, and directed polymers in random media, within\na mean-field perspective. Probability distributions of the population can be\ncomputed self-consistently; and the extinction transition is shown to exhibit\nnovel critical behavior with exponents dependent on the ratio of the strengths\nof migration and noise amplitudes. The results are compared and contrasted with\nthe more conventional choice of demographic noise due to stochastic changes in\nreproduction.",
        "positive": "The q-nonadditivity of nonextensive statistics is not a true physical\n  property: This is a note showing that, contrary to our lasting belief, the\nnonadditivity X(1+2)=X(1)+X(2)+\\alpha X(1)X(2) is not a true physical property.\n\\alpha in this expression cannot be unique for a given system. It unavoidably\ndepends on how one mathematically divides the system and cannot be used to\ncharacterize nonadditivity. As a matter of fact, its use is mathematically\ninconsistent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solutions of epidemic models on networks: The study of social networks, and in particular the spread of disease on\nnetworks, has attracted considerable recent attention in the physics community.\nIn this paper, we show that a large class of standard epidemiological models,\nthe so-called susceptible/infective/removed models, and many of their\ngeneralizations, can be solved exactly on a wide variety of networks. Solutions\nare possible for cases with heterogeneous or correlated probabilities of\ntransmission, cases incorporating vaccination, and cases in which the network\nhas complex structure of various kinds. We confirm the correctness of our\nsolutions by comparison with computer simulations of epidemics propagating on\nthe corresponding networks.",
        "positive": "Dispersal and organization of polarized cells: non-linear diffusion and\n  cluster formation without adhesion: Experimental studies of cell motility in culture have shown that under\nadequate conditions these living organisms possess the ability to organize\nthemselves into complex structures. Such structures may exhibit a synergy that\ngreatly increases their survival rate and facilitate growth or spreading to\ndifferent tissues. These properties are even more significant for cancer cells\nand related pathologies. Theoretical studies supported by experimental evidence\nhave also shown that adhesion plays a significant role in cellular\norganization. Here we show that the directional persistence observed in\npolarized displacements permits the formation of stable cell aggregates in the\nabsence of adhesion, even in low-density regimes. We introduce a discrete\nstochastic model for the dispersal of polarized cells with exclusion and derive\nthe hydrodynamic limit. We demonstrate that the persistence coupled with the\ncell-cell exclusion hinders the cellular motility around other cells, leading\nto a non-linear diffusion which facilitates their capture into larger\naggregates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fermi-Polaron: Diagrammatic Monte Carlo for Divergent Sign-Alternating\n  Series: Diagrammatic Monte Carlo approach is applied to a problem of a single\nspin-down fermion resonantly interacting with the sea of ideal spin-up\nfermions. On one hand, we develop a generic, sign-problem tolerant, method of\nexact numerical solution of polaron-type models. On the other hand, our\nsolution is important for understanding the phase diagram and properties of the\nBCS-BEC crossover in the strongly imbalanced regime. This is the first, and\npossibly characteristic, example of how the Monte Carlo approach can be applied\nto a divergent sign-alternating diagrammatic series.",
        "positive": "Effective driven dynamics for one-dimensional conditioned Langevin\n  processes in the weak-noise limit: In this work we focus on fluctuations of time-integrated observables for a\nparticle diffusing in a one-dimensional periodic potential in the weak-noise\nasymptotics. Our interest goes to rare trajectories presenting an atypical\nvalue of the observable, that we study through a biased dynamics in a\nlarge-deviation framework. We determine explicitly the effective\nprobability-conserving dynamics which makes rare trajectories of the original\ndynamics become typical trajectories of the effective one. Our approach makes\nuse of a weak-noise path-integral description in which the action is minimised\nby the rare trajectories of interest. For `current-type' additive observables,\nwe find the emergence of a propagative trajectory minimising the action for\nlarge enough deviations, revealing the existence of a dynamical phase\ntransition at a fluctuating level. In addition, we provide a new method to\ndetermine the scaled cumulant generating function of the observable without\nhaving to optimise the action. It allows one to show that the weak-noise and\nthe large-time limits commute in this problem. Finally, we show how the biased\ndynamics can be mapped in practice to an effective driven dynamics, which takes\nthe form of a driven Langevin dynamics in an effective potential. The\nnon-trivial shape of this effective potential is key to understand the link\nbetween the dynamical phase transition in the large deviations of current and\nthe standard depinning transition of a particle in a tilted potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Mean-Field Model for Extended Stochastic Systems with Distributed Time\n  Delays: A network of noisy bistable elements with global time-delayed couplings is\nconsidered. A dichotomous mean field model has recently been developed\ndescribing the collective dynamics in such systems with uniform time delays\nnear the bifurcation points. Here the theory is extended and applied to systems\nwith nonuniform time delays. For strong enough couplings the systems exhibit\ndelay-independent stationary states and delay-dependent oscillatory states. We\nfind that the regions of oscillatory states in the parameter space are reduced\nwith increasing width of the time delay distribution function; that is,\nnonuniformity of the time delays increases the stability of the trivial\nequilibrium. However, for symmetric distribution functions the properties of\nthe oscillatory states depend only on the mean time delay.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Glass and Ergodization Times in Classical Josephson Junction\n  Chains: Models of classical Josephson junction chains turn integrable in the limit of\nlarge energy densities or small Josephson energies. Close to these limits the\nJosephson coupling between the superconducting grains induces a short range\nnonintegrable network. We compute distributions of finite time averages of\ngrain charges and extract the ergodization time $T_E$ which controls their\nconvergence to ergodic $\\delta$-distributions. We relate $T_E$ to the\nstatistics of fluctuation times of the charges, which are dominated by fat\ntails. $T_E$ is growing anomalously fast upon approaching the integrable limit,\nas compared to the Lyapunov time $T_{\\Lambda}$ - the inverse of the largest\nLyapunov exponent - reaching astonishing ratios $T_E/T_{\\Lambda} \\geq 10^8$.\nThe microscopic reason for the observed dynamical glass is routed in a growing\nnumber of grains evolving over long times in a regular almost integrable\nfashion due to the low probability of resonant interactions with the nearest\nneighbors. We conjecture that the observed dynamical glass is a generic\nproperty of Josephson junction networks irrespective of their space\ndimensionality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-similar motion for modeling anomalous diffusion and nonextensive\n  statistical distributions: We introduce a new universality class of one-dimensional iteration model\ngiving rise to self-similar motion, in which the Feigenbaum constants are\ngeneralized as self-similar rates and can be predetermined. The curves of the\nmean-square displacement versus time generated here show that the motion is a\nkind of anomalous diffusion with the diffusion coefficient depending on the\nself-similar rates. In addition, it is found that the distribution of\ndisplacement agrees to a reliable precision with the q-Gaussian type\ndistribution in some cases and bimodal distribution in some other cases. The\nresults obtained show that the self-similar motion may be used to describe the\nanomalous diffusion and nonextensive statistical distributions.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions into Absorbing States: Focused around\n  the pair contact process with diffusion: Systems with absorbing (trapped) states may exhibit a nonequilibrium phase\ntransition from a noise-free inactive phase into an ever-lasting active phase.\nWe briefly review the absorbing critical phenomena and universality classes,\nand discuss over the controversial issues on the pair contact process with\ndiffusion (PCPD). Two different approaches are proposed to clarify its\nuniversality issue, which unveil strong evidences that the PCPD belongs to a\nnew universality class other than the directed percolation class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of Partial Absorption on Diffusion with Resetting: The effect of partial absorption on a diffusive particle which stochastically\nresets its position with a finite rate $r$ is considered. The particle is\nabsorbed by a target at the origin with absorption `velocity' $a$; as the\nvelocity $a$ approaches $\\infty$ the absorption property of the target\napproaches that of a perfectly-absorbing target. The effect of partial\nabsorption on first-passage time problems is studied, in particular, it is\nshown that the mean time to absorption (MTA) is increased by an additive term\nproportional to $1/a$. The results are extended to multiparticle systems where\nindependent searchers, initially uniformly distributed with a given density,\nlook for a single immobile target. It is found that the average survival\nprobability $P^{av}$ is modified by a multiplicative factor which is a function\nof $1/a$, whereas the decay rate of the typical survival probability $P^{typ}$\nis decreased by an additive term proportional to $1/a$.",
        "positive": "The Statistical Physics of Athermal Materials: At the core of equilibrium statistical mechanics lies the notion of\nstatistical ensembles: a collection of microstates, each occurring with a given\na priori probability that depends only on a few macroscopic parameters such as\ntemperature, pressure, volume, and energy. In this review article, we discuss\nrecent advances in establishing statistical ensembles for athermal materials.\nThe broad class of granular and particulate materials is immune from the\neffects of thermal fluctuations because the constituents are macroscopic. In\naddition, interactions between grains are frictional and dissipative, which\ninvalidates the fundamental postulates of equilibrium statistical mechanics.\nHowever, granular materials exhibit distributions of microscopic quantities\nthat are reproducible and often depend on only a few macroscopic parameters. We\nexplore the history of statistical ensemble ideas in the context of granular\nmaterials, clarify the nature of such ensembles and their foundational\nprinciples, highlight advances in testing key ideas, and discuss applications\nof ensembles to analyze the collective behavior of granular materials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium work distribution for interacting colloidal particles\n  under friction: We experimentally investigate the distribution of the non-equilibrium work\ndone by an external force on a mesoscopic system with many coupled degrees of\nfreedom: a colloidal monolayer mechanically driven across a periodic light\nfield. Since this system mimics the spatiotemporal dynamics of a crystalline\nsurface moving on a corrugated substrate, our results show general properties\nof the non-equilibrium work distribution of atomically flat surfaces undergoing\nfriction. We address the role of several parameters which can influence the\nshape of the work distribution, e.g. the number of particles used to locally\nprobe the system and the time interval to measure the work. We find that, when\ntuning the control parameters to induce particle depinning from the substrate,\nthere is an abrupt change of the shape of the work distribution. While in the\ncompletely static and sliding friction regimes the work distribution is\nGaussian, non-Gaussian tails show up due to the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of\nthe particle dynamics during the transition between these two regimes.",
        "positive": "Minimum spanning trees and random resistor networks in d dimensions: We consider minimum-cost spanning trees, both in lattice and Euclidean\nmodels, in d dimensions. For the cost of the optimum tree in a box of size L,\nwe show that there is a correction of order L^theta, where theta < 0 is a\nuniversal d-dependent exponent. There is a similar form for the change in\noptimum cost under a change in boundary condition. At non-zero temperature T,\nthere is a crossover length xi approx equal to T^{-nu}, such that on length\nscales larger than xi, the behavior becomes that of uniform spanning trees.\nThere is a scaling relation theta=-1/nu, and we provide several arguments that\nshow that nu and -1/theta both equal nu_perc, the correlation length exponent\nfor ordinary percolation in the same dimension d, in all dimensions d > 1. The\narguments all rely on the close relation of Kruskal's greedy algorithm for the\nminimum spanning tree, percolation, and (for some arguments) random resistor\nnetworks. The scaling of the entropy and free energy at small non-zero T, and\nhence of the number of near-optimal solutions, is also discussed. We suggest\nthat the Steiner tree problem is in the same universality class as the minimum\nspanning tree in all dimensions, as is the traveling salesman problem in two\ndimensions. Hence all will have the same value of theta=-3/4 in two dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground state properties of sub-Ohmic spin-boson model with simultaneous\n  diagonal and off-diagonal coupling: By employing the variational approach, density matrix renormalization group\n(DMRG), exact diagonalization as well as symmetry and mean-field analyses, the\nground state properties of the two-bath spin boson model with simultaneous\ndiagonal and off-diagonal coupling are systematically studied in the sub-Ohmic\nregime. A novel quantum phase transition from a doubly degenerate \"localized\nphase\" to the other doubly degenerate \"delocalized phase\" is uncovered. Via the\nmulti-D1 ansatz as the variational wave function, transition points are\ndetermined accurately, consistent with the results from DMRG and exact\ndiagonalization. An effective spatial dimension $d_{eff} = 2.37(6)$ is then\nestimated, which is found to be compatible with the mean-field prediction.\nFurthermore, the quantum phase transition is inferred to be of first order for\nthe baths described by a continuous spectral density function. In the case of\nsingle mode, however, the transition is softened.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of metabolic energy conversion under muscle load: The metabolic processes complexity is at the heart of energy conversion in\nliving organisms and forms a huge obstacle to develop tractable thermodynamic\nmetabolism models. By raising our analysis to a higher level of abstraction, we\ndevelop a compact -- i.e. relying on a reduced set of parameters --\nthermodynamic model of metabolism, in order to analyze the\nchemical-to-mechanical energy conversion under muscle load, and give a\nthermodynamic ground to Hill's seminal muscular operational response model.\nLiving organisms are viewed as dynamical systems experiencing a feedback loop\nin the sense that they can be considered as thermodynamic systems subjected to\nmixed boundary conditions, coupling both potentials and fluxes. Starting from a\nrigorous derivation of generalized thermoelastic and transport coefficients,\nleading to the definition of a metabolic figure of merit, we establish the\nexpression of the chemical-mechanical coupling, and specify the nature of the\ndissipative mechanism and the so called figure of merit. The particular nature\nof the boundary conditions of such a system reveals the presence of a feedback\nresistance, representing an active parameter, which is crucial for the proper\ninterpretation of the muscle response under effort in the framework of Hill's\nmodel. We also develop an exergy analysis of the so-called maximum power\nprinciple, here understood as a particular configuration of an\nout-of-equilibrium system, with no supplemental extremal principle involved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous local coordination, density fluctuations, and void statistics\n  in disordered hyperuniform many-particle ground states: We provide numerical constructions of one-dimensional hyperuniform\nmany-particle distributions that exhibit unusual clustering and asymptotic\nlocal number density fluctuations growing more slowly than the volume of an\nobservation window but faster than the surface area. By targeting a specified\nform of the structure factor at small wavenumbers using collective density\nvariables, we are able to tailor the form of asymptotic local density\nfluctuations while simultaneously measuring the effect of imposing weak and\nstrong constraints on the available degrees of freedom within the system. Even\nin one dimension, the long-range effective interactions induce clustering and\nnontrivial phase transitions in the resulting ground-state configurations. We\nprovide an analytical connection between the fraction of contrained degrees of\nfreedom within the system and the disorder-order phase transition for a class\nof target structure factors by examining the realizability of the constrained\ncontribution to the pair correlation function. Our results explicitly\ndemonstrate that disordered hyperuniform many-particle ground states, and\ntherefore also point distributions, with substantial clustering can be\nconstructed. We directly relate the local coordination structure of our point\npatterns to the distribution of the void space external to the particles, and\nwe provide a scaling argument for the configurational entropy of the systems\nwhen only a small fraction of the degrees of freedom are constrained. By\nemphasizing the intimate connection between geometrical constraints on the\nparticle distribution and structural regularity, our work has direct\nimplications for higher-dimensional systems, including an understanding of the\nappearance of hyperuniformity and quasi-long-range pair correlations in\nmaximally random strictly jammed packings of hard spheres.",
        "positive": "Vibrational States of Glassy and Crystalline Orthotherphenyl: Low-frequency vibrations of glassy and crystalline orthoterphenyl are studied\nby means of neutron scattering. Phonon dispersions are measured along the main\naxes of a single crystal, and the corresponding longitudinal and transversal\nsound velocities are obtained. For glassy and polycrystalline samples, a\ndensity of vibrational states is determined and cross-checked against other\ndynamic observables. In the crystal, low-lying zone-boundary modes lead to an\nexcess over the Debye density of states. In the glass, the boson peak is\nlocated at even lower frequencies. With increasing temperature, both glass and\ncrystal show anharmonicity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium piezo-thermal effect in spinning gas: A spinning gas, heated adiabatically through axial compression, is known to\nexhibit a rotation-dependent heat capacity. However, as equilibrium is\napproached, a new effect is identified here wherein the temperature does not\ngrow homogeneously in the radial direction, but develops a temperature\ndifferential with the hottest region on axis, at the maximum of the centrifugal\npotential energy. This phenomenon, which we call a piezo-thermal effect, is\nshown to grow bilinearly with the compression rate and the amplitude of the\npotential. Numerical simulations confirm a simple model of this effect, which\ncan be generalized to other forms of potential energy and methods of heating.",
        "positive": "A numerical retro-action model relates rocky coast erosion to\n  percolation theory: We discuss various situations where the formation of rocky coast morphology\ncan be attributed to the retro-action of the coast morphology itself on the\nerosive power of the sea. Destroying the weaker elements of the coast, erosion\ncan creates irregular seashores. In turn, the geometrical irregularity\nparticipates in the damping of sea-waves, decreasing their erosive power. There\nmay then exist a mutual self-stabilization of the wave amplitude together with\nthe irregular morphology of the coast. A simple model of this type of\nstabilization is discussed. The resulting coastline morphologies are diverse,\ndepending mainly on the morphology/damping coupling. In the limit case of weak\ncoupling, the process spontaneously builds fractal morphologies with a\ndimension close to 4/3. This provides a direct connection between the coastal\nerosion problem and the theory of percolation. For strong coupling, rugged but\nnon-fractal coasts may emerge during the erosion process, and we investigate a\ngeometrical characterization in these cases. The model is minimal, but can be\nextended to take into account heterogeneity in the rock lithology and various\ninitial conditions. This allows to mimic coastline complexity, well beyond\nsimple fractality. Our results suggest that the irregular morphology of\ncoastlines as well as the stochastic nature of erosion are deeply connected\nwith the critical aspects of percolation phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conformal Invariance in Inverse Turbulent Cascades: We study statistical properties of turbulent inverse cascades in a class of\nnonlinear models describing a scalar field transported by a two-dimensional\nincompressible flow. The class is characterized by a linear relation between\nthe transported field and the velocity, and include several cases of physical\ninterest, such as Navier-Stokes, surface quasi-geostrophic and\nCharney-Hasegawa-Mima equations. We find that some statistical properties of\nthe inverse turbulent cascades in such systems are conformal invariant. In\nparticular, the zero-isolines of the scalar field are statistically equivalent\nto conformal invariant curves within the resolution of our numerics. We show\nthat the choice of the conformal class is determined by the properties of a\ntransporting velocity rather than those of a transported field and discover a\nphase transition when the velocity turns from a large-scale field to a\nsmall-scale one.",
        "positive": "Experimental Examination of the Effect of Short Ray Trajectories in\n  Two-port Wave-Chaotic Scattering Systems: Predicting the statistics of realistic wave-chaotic scattering systems\nrequires, in addition to random matrix theory, introduction of system-specific\ninformation. This paper investigates experimentally one aspect of\nsystem-specific behavior, namely the effects of short ray trajectories in\nwave-chaotic systems open to outside scattering channels. In particular, we\nconsider ray trajectories of limited length that enter a scattering region\nthrough a channel (port) and subsequently exit through a channel (port). We\nshow that a suitably averaged value of the impedance can be computed from these\ntrajectories and that this can improve the ability to describe the statistical\nproperties of the scattering systems. We illustrate and test these points\nthrough experiments on a realistic two-port microwave scattering billiard."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Peculiar from-Edge-to-Interior Spin Freezing in a Magnetic Dipolar Cube: By molecular dynamics simulation, we have investigated classical Heisenberg\nspins, which are arrayed on a finite simple cubic lattice and interact with\neach other only by the dipole-dipole interaction, and have found its peculiar\nit from-Edge-to-interior freezing process. As the temperature is decreased,\nspins on each edge predominantly start to freeze in a ferromagnetic alignment\nparallel to the edge around the corresponding bulk transition temperature, then\nfrom each edges grow domains with short-range orders similar to the\ncorresponding bulk orders, and the system ends up with a unique multi-domain\nground state at the lowest temperature. We interpret this freezing\ncharacteristics is attributed to the anisotropic and long-range nature of the\ndipole-dipole interaction combined with a finite-size effect.",
        "positive": "A generalization of the maximum entropy principle for curved statistical\n  manifolds: The maximum entropy principle (MEP) is one of the most prominent methods to\ninvestigate and model complex systems. Despite its popularity, the standard\nform of the MEP can only generate Boltzmann-Gibbs distributions, which are\nill-suited for many scenarios of interest. As a principled approach to extend\nthe reach of the MEP, this paper revisits its foundations in information\ngeometry and shows how the geometry of curved statistical manifolds naturally\nleads to a generalization of the MEP based on the R\\'enyi entropy. By\nestablishing a bridge between non-Euclidean geometry and the MEP, our proposal\nsets a solid foundation for the numerous applications of the R\\'enyi entropy,\nand enables a range of novel methods for complex systems analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partial long-range order in antiferromagnetic Potts models: The Potts model plays an essential role in classical statistical mechanics,\nillustrating many fundamental phenomena. One example is the existence of\npartially long-range-ordered states, in which some degrees of freedom remain\ndisordered. This situation may arise from frustration of the interactions, but\nalso from an irregular but unfrustrated lattice structure. We study partial\nlong-range order in a range of antiferromagnetic $q$-state Potts models on\ndifferent two-dimensional lattices and for all relevant values of $q$. We\nexploit the power of tensor-based numerical methods to evaluate the partition\nfunction of these models and hence to extract the key thermodynamic properties\n-- entropy, specific heat, magnetization, and susceptibility -- giving deep\ninsight into the phase transitions and ordered states of each system. Our\ncalculations reveal a range of phenomena related to partial ordering, including\ndifferent types of entropy-driven phase transition, the role of lattice\nirregularity, very large values of the critical $q_c$, and double phase\ntransitions.",
        "positive": "New Non-Symmetric Orthogonal Basis for the Calogero Model with\n  Distinguishable Particles: We demonstrate an algebraic construction of all the simultaneous\neigenfunctions of the conserved operators for distinguishable particles\ngoverned by the Calogero Hamiltonian. Our construction is completely parallel\nto the construction of the Fock space for decoupled quantum harmonic\noscillators. The simultaneous eigenfunction does not coincide with the\nnon-symmetric Hi-Jack polynomial, which shows that the conserved operators\nderived from the number operators of the decoupled quantum harmonic oscillators\nare algebraically different from the known ones derived by the Dunkl operator\nformulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solvable random walk model with memory and its relations with Markovian\n  models of anomalous diffusion: Motivated by studies on the recurrent properties of animal and human\nmobility, we introduce a path-dependent random walk model with long range\nmemory for which not only the mean square displacement (MSD) can be obtained\nexactly in the asymptotic limit, but also the propagator. The model consists of\na random walker on a lattice, which, at a constant rate, stochastically\nrelocates at a site occupied at some earlier time. This time in the past is\nchosen randomly according to a memory kernel, whose temporal decay can be\nvaried via an exponent parameter. In the weakly non-Markovian regime, memory\nreduces the diffusion coefficient from the bare value. When the mean backward\njump in time diverges, the diffusion coefficient vanishes and a transition to\nan anomalous subdiffusive regime occurs. Paradoxically, at the transition, the\nprocess is an anti-correlated L\\'evy flight. Although in the subdiffusive\nregime the model exhibits some features of the continuous time random walk with\ninfinite mean waiting time, it belongs to another universality class. If memory\nis very long-ranged, a second transition takes place to a regime characterized\nby a logarithmic growth of the MSD with time. In this case the process is\nasymptotically Gaussian and effectively described as a scaled Brownian motion\nwith a diffusion coefficient decaying as 1/t.",
        "positive": "L\u00e9vy walks in nonhomogeneous environments: The L\\'evy walk process with rests is discussed. The jumping time is governed\nby an $\\alpha$-stable distribution with $\\alpha>1$ while a waiting time\ndistribution is Poissonian and involves a position-dependent rate which\nreflects a nonhomogeneous trap distribution. The master equation is derived and\nsolved in the asymptotic limit for a power-law form of the jumping rate. The\nrelative density of resting and flying particles appears time-dependent and the\nasymptotic form of both distribution obey a stretched-exponential shape at\nlarge time. The diffusion properties are discussed and it is demonstrated that,\ndue to the heterogeneous trap structure, the enhanced diffusion, observed for\nthe homogeneous case, may turn to a subdiffusion. The density distributions and\nmean squared displacements are also evaluated from Monte Carlo simulations of\nindividual trajectories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Memory effects in the relaxation of Ising models: It is analytically shown that the one-dimensional Ising model with Glauber\ndynamics exhibits short time memory effects when submitted to an abrupt change\nin the temperature. These effects are qualitatively similar to those\nexperimentally observed in the compaction of vibrated granular materials.\nMoreover, a critical time separating regimes of ``normal'' and ``anomalous''\nresponses to the perturbation is found.",
        "positive": "Dynamic disorder in receptor-ligand forced dissociation experiments: Recently experiments showed that some biological noncovalent bonds increase\ntheir lifetimes when they are stretched by an external force, and their\nlifetimes will decrease when the force increases further. Several specific\nquantitative models have been proposed to explain the intriguing transitions\nfrom the \"catch-bond\" to the \"slip-bond\". Different from the previous efforts,\nin this work we propose that the dynamic disorder of the force-dependent\ndissociation rate can account for the counterintuitive behaviors of the bonds.\nA Gaussian stochastic rate model is used to quantitatively describe the\ntransitions observed recently in the single bond P-selctin glycoprotein ligand\n1(PSGL-1)$-$P-selectin force rupture experiment [Marshall, {\\it et al.}, (2003)\nNature {\\bf 423}, 190-193]. Our model agrees well to the experimental data. We\nconclude that the catch bonds could arise from the stronger positive\ncorrelation between the height of the intrinsic energy barrier and the distance\nfrom the bound state to the barrier; classical pathway scenario or {\\it a\npriori} catch bond assumption is not essential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamic description of Non-Equilibrium Radiation: Non-equilibrium radiation is addressed theoretically by means of a stochastic\nlattice-gas model. We consider a resonating transmission line composed of a\nchain of radiation resonators, each at a local equilibrium, whose boundaries\nare in thermal contact with two blackbody reservoirs at different temperatures.\nIn the long chain limit, the stationary state of the non-equilibrium radiation\nis obtained in a closed form. The corresponding spectral energy density departs\nfrom the Planck expression, yet it obeys a useful scaling form. A macroscopic\nfluctuating hydrodynamic limit is obtained leading to a Langevin equation whose\ntransport parameters are calculated. In this macroscopic limit, we identify a\nlocal temperature which characterises the spectral energy density. The\ngenerality of our approach is discussed and applications for the interaction of\nnon-equilibrium radiation with matter are suggested.",
        "positive": "The \"topological\" charge for the finite XX quantum chain: It is shown that an operator (in general non-local) commutes with the\nHamiltonian describing the finite XX quantum chain with certain non-diagonal\nboundary terms. In the infinite volume limit this operator gives the\n\"topological\" charge."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic blockings in long-range interacting inhomogeneous systems: Long-range interacting systems unavoidably relax through Poisson shot noise\nfluctuations generated by their finite number of particles, $N$. When driven by\ntwo-body correlations, i.e. ${1/N}$ effects, this long-term evolution is\ndescribed by the inhomogeneous Balescu-Lenard equation. Yet, in one-dimensional\nsystems with a monotonic frequency profile and only subject to 1:1 resonances,\nthis kinetic equation exactly vanishes: this is a first-order full kinetic\nblocking. These systems' long-term evolution is then driven by three-body\ncorrelations, i.e. ${1/N^2}$ effects. In the limit of dynamically hot systems,\nthis is described by the inhomogeneous ${1/N^2}$ Landau equation. We\ninvestigate numerically the long-term evolution of systems for which this\nsecond kinetic equation also exactly vanishes: this a second-order bare kinetic\nblocking. We demonstrate that these systems relax through the \"leaking\"\ncontributions of dressed three-body interactions that are neglected in the\ninhomogeneous ${1/N^2}$ Landau equation. Finally, we argue that these\nnever-vanishing contributions prevent four-body correlations, i.e. ${1/N^{3}}$\neffects, from ever being the main driver of relaxation.",
        "positive": "Construction of stochastic hybrid path integrals using\n  \"quantum-mechanical'' operators: Stochastic hybrid systems involve the coupling between discrete and\ncontinuous stochastic processes. They are finding increasing applications in\ncell biology, ranging from modeling promoter noise in gene networks to\nanalyzing the effects of stochastically-gated ion channels on voltage\nfluctuations in single neurons and neural networks. We have previously derived\na path integral representation of solutions to the associated differential\nChapman-Kolmogorov equation, based on integral representations of the Dirac\ndelta function, and used this to determine ``least action'' paths in the\nnoise-induced escape from a metastable state. In this paper we present an\nalternative derivation of the path integral, based on the use of bra-kets and\n``quantum-mechanical'' operators. We show how the operator method provides a\nmore efficient and flexible framework for constructing hybrid path integrals,\nwhich eliminates certain ad hoc steps from the previous derivation and provides\nmore context with regards the general theory of stochastic path integrals. We\nalso highlight the important role of principal eigenvalues, spectral gaps and\nthe Perron-Frobenius theorem. We then use perturbation methods to develop\nvarious approximation schemes for hybrid path integrals and the associated\nmoment generating functionals. First, we consider Gaussian approximations and\nloop expansions in the weak noise limit, analogous to the semi-classical limit\nfor quantum path integrals. Second, we identify the analog of a weak-coupling\nlimit by treating the stochastic hybrid system as the nonlinear perturbation of\nan Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. This leads to an expansion of the moments in\nterms of products of free propagators."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Speculative bubbles and crashes in stock market: an interacting-agent\n  model of speculative activity: We present an interacting-agent model of speculative activity explaining\nbubbles and crashes in stock markets. We describe stock markets through an\ninfinite-range Ising model to formulate the tendency of traders getting\ninfluenced by the investment attitude of other traders. Bubbles and crashes are\nunderstood and described qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of the\nclassical phase transitions. The results of estimation the parameters of the\nmodel using the actual financial data (the bubble and the subsequent crash in\nthe Japanese stock market in 1987-1992) show that the good quality of the fits,\nas well as the consistency of the values of the parameters.",
        "positive": "Dynamics at the angle of repose: jamming, bistability, and collapse: When a sandpile relaxes under vibration, it is known that its measured angle\nof repose is bistable in a range of values bounded by a material-dependent\nmaximal angle of stability; thus, at the same angle of repose, a sandpile can\nbe stationary or avalanching, depending on its history. In the nearly jammed\nslow dynamical regime, sandpile collapse to a zero angle of repose can also\noccur, as a rare event. We claim here that fluctuations of {\\it dilatancy} (or\nlocal density) are the key ingredient that can explain such varied phenomena.\nIn this work, we model the dynamics of the angle of repose and of the density\nfluctuations, in the presence of external noise, by means of coupled stochastic\nequations. Among other things, we are able to describe sandpile collapse in\nterms of an activated process, where an effective temperature (related to the\ndensity as well as to the external vibration intensity) competes against the\nconfigurational barriers created by the density fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Full counting statistics as probe of measurement-induced transitions in\n  the quantum Ising chain: Non-equilibrium dynamics of many-body quantum systems under the effect of\nmeasurement protocols is attracting an increasing amount of attention. It has\nbeen recently revealed that measurements may induce different non-equilibrium\nregimes and an abrupt change in the scaling-law of the bipartite entanglement\nentropy. However, our understanding of how these regimes appear, how they\naffect the statistics of local quantities and, finally whether they survive in\nthe thermodynamic limit, is much less established. Here we investigate\nmeasurement-induced phase transitions in the Quantum Ising chain coupled to a\nmonitoring environment. In particular we show that local projective\nmeasurements induce a quantitative modification of the out-of-equilibrium\nprobability distribution function of the local magnetization. Starting from a\nGHZ state, the relaxation of the paramagnetic and the ferromagnetic order is\nanalysed. In particular we describe how the probability distribution of the\nformer shows different behaviour in the area-law and volume-law regimes.",
        "positive": "A Theory of Non_Gaussian Option Pricing: Option pricing formulas are derived from a non-Gaussian model of stock\nreturns. Fluctuations are assumed to evolve according to a nonlinear\nFokker-Planck equation which maximizes the Tsallis nonextensive entropy of\nindex $q$. A generalized form of the Black-Scholes differential equation is\nfound, and we derive a martingale measure which leads to closed form solutions\nfor European call options. The standard Black-Scholes pricing equations are\nrecovered as a special case ($q = 1$). The distribution of stock returns is\nwell-modelled with $q$ circa 1.5. Using that value of $q$ in the option pricing\nmodel we reproduce the volatility smile. The partial derivatives (or Greeks) of\nthe model are also calculated. Empirical results are demonstrated for options\non Japanese Yen futures. Using just one value of $\\sigma$ across strikes we\nclosely reproduce market prices, for expiration times ranging from weeks to\nseveral months."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantifying Complexity in Quantum Phase Transitions via Mutual\n  Information Complex Networks: We quantify the emergent complexity of quantum states near quantum critical\npoints on regular 1D lattices, via complex network measures based on quantum\nmutual information as the adjacency matrix, in direct analogy to quantifying\nthe complexity of EEG/fMRI measurements of the brain. Using matrix product\nstate methods, we show that network density, clustering, disparity, and\nPearson's correlation obtain the critical point for both quantum Ising and\nBose-Hubbard models to a high degree of accuracy in finite-size scaling for\nthree classes of quantum phase transitions, $Z_2$, mean field superfluid/Mott\ninsulator, and a BKT crossover.",
        "positive": "Diverging conductance at the contact between random and pure quantum XX\n  spin chains: A model consisting in two quantum XX spin chains, one homogeneous and the\nsecond with random couplings drawn from a binary distribution, is considered.\nThe two chains are coupled to two different non-local thermal baths and their\ndynamics is governed by a Lindblad equation. In the steady state, a current J\nis induced between the two chains by coupling them together by their edges and\nimposing different chemical potentials $\\mu$ to the two baths. While a regime\nof linear characteristics J versus $\\Delta$$\\mu$ is observed in the absence of\nrandomness, a gap opens as the disorder strength is increased. In the\ninfinite-randomness limit, this behavior is related to the density of states of\nthe localized states contributing to the current. The conductance is shown to\ndiverge in this limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization Group Analysis of Turbulent Hydrodynamics: Turbulent hydrodynamics is characterised by universal scaling properties of\nits structure functions. The basic framework for investigations of these\nfunctions has been set by Kolmogorov in 1941. His predictions for the scaling\nexponents, however, deviate from the numbers found in experiments and numerical\nsimulations. It is a challenge for theoretical physics to derive these\ndeviations on the basis of the Navier-Stokes equations. The renormalisation\ngroup is believed to be a very promising tool for the analysis of turbulent\nsystems, but a derivation of the scaling properties of the structure functions\nhas so far not been achieved. In this work, we recall the problems involved,\npresent an approach in the framework of the exact renormalisation group to\novercome them, and present first numerical results.",
        "positive": "Opacity and Entanglement of Polymer Chains: We argue that the mean crossing number of a random polymer configuration is\nsimply a measure of opacity, without being closely related to entanglement as\nclaimed by several authors. We present an easy way of estimating its asymptotic\nbehaviour numerically. These estimates agree for random walks (theta polymers),\nself-avoiding walks, and for compact globules with analytic estimates giving\n$\\log N, a-b/N^{2\\nu-1},$ and $N^{1/3}$, respectively, for the average number\nof crossings per monomer in the limit $N\\to \\infty$. While the result for\ncompact globules agrees with a rigorous previous estimate, the result for SAWs\ndisagrees with previous numerical estimates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "General flux to a trap in one and three dimensions: The problem of the flux to a spherical trap in one and three dimensions, for\ndiffusing particles undergoing discrete-time jumps with a given radial\nprobability distribution, is solved in general, verifying the Smoluchowski-like\nsolution in which the effective trap radius is reduced by an amount\nproportional to the jump length. This reduction in the effective trap radius\ncorresponds to the Milne extrapolation length.",
        "positive": "On the universal Gaussian behavior of Driven Lattice Gases at\n  short-times: The dynamic and static critical behaviors of driven and equilibrium lattice\ngas models are studied in two spatial dimensions. We show that in the\nshort-time regime immediately following a critical quench, the dynamics of the\ntransverse order parameters, auto-correlations, and Binder cumulant are\nconsistent with the prediction of a Gaussian, $i.e.,$ non-interacting,\neffective theory, both for the equilibrium lattice gas and its nonequilibrium\ncounterparts. Such a \"super-universal\" behavior is observed only at short times\nafter a critical quench, while the various models display their distinct\nbehaviors in the stationary states, described by the corresponding, known\nuniversality classes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Degenerated Liouvillians and Steady-State Reduced Density Matrices: Symmetries in an open quantum system lead to degenerated Liouvillian that\nphysically implies the existence of multiple steady states. In such cases,\nobtaining the initial condition independent stead states is highly nontrivial\nsince any linear combination of the \\emph{true} asymptotic states, which may\nnot necessarily be a density matrix, is also a valid asymptote for the\nLiouvillian. Thus, in this work we consider different approaches to obtain the\n\\emph{true} steady states of a degenerated Liouvillian. In the ideal scenario,\nwhen the open system symmetry operators are known we show how these can be used\nto obtain the invariant subspaces of the Liouvillian and hence the steady\nstates. We then discuss two other approaches that do not require any knowledge\nof the symmetry operators. These could be a powerful tool to deal with quantum\nmany-body complex open systems. The first approach which is based on\nGramm-Schmidt orthonormalization of density matrices allows us to obtain\n\\emph{all} the steady states, whereas the second one based on large deviations\nallows us to obtain the non-degenerated maximum and minimum current-carrying\nstates. We discuss our method with the help of an open para-Benzene ring and\nexamine interesting scenarios such as the dynamical restoration of Hamiltonian\nsymmetries in the long-time limit and apply the method to study the\neigenspacing statistics of the nonequilibrium steady state.",
        "positive": "Ising antiferromagnet on the Archimedean lattices: Geometric frustration effects were studied systematically with the Ising\nantiferromagnet on the 11 Archimedean lattices using the Monte-Carlo methods.\nThe Wang-Landau algorithm for static properties (specific heat and residual\nentropy) and the Metropolis algorithm for a freezing order parameter were\nadopted. The exact residual entropy was also found. Based on the degree of\nfrustration and dynamic properties, ground states of them were determined. The\nShastry-Sutherland lattice and the trellis lattice are weakly-frustrated and\nhave two-dimensional and one-dimensional long-range-ordered ground states,\nrespectively. The bounce, maple-leaf, and star lattices have the spin ice\nphase. The spin liquid phase appears in the triangular and kagom\\'e lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random walks on temporal networks: Many natural and artificial networks evolve in time. Nodes and connections\nappear and disappear at various timescales, and their dynamics has profound\nconsequences for any processes in which they are involved. The first empirical\nanalysis of the temporal patterns characterizing dynamic networks are still\nrecent, so that many questions remain open. Here, we study how random walks, as\nparadigm of dynamical processes, unfold on temporally evolving networks. To\nthis aim, we use empirical dynamical networks of contacts between individuals,\nand characterize the fundamental quantities that impact any general process\ntaking place upon them. Furthermore, we introduce different randomizing\nstrategies that allow us to single out the role of the different properties of\nthe empirical networks. We show that the random walk exploration is slower on\ntemporal networks than it is on the aggregate projected network, even when the\ntime is properly rescaled. In particular, we point out that a fundamental role\nis played by the temporal correlations between consecutive contacts present in\nthe data. Finally, we address the consequences of the intrinsically limited\nduration of many real world dynamical networks. Considering the fundamental\nprototypical role of the random walk process, we believe that these results\ncould help to shed light on the behavior of more complex dynamics on temporally\nevolving networks.",
        "positive": "Supersymmetric Extension of the Quantum Spherical Model: In this work, we present a supersymmetric extension of the quantum spherical\nmodel, both in components and also in the superspace formalisms. We find the\nsolution for short/long range interactions through the imaginary time formalism\npath integral approach. The existence of critical points (classical and\nquantum) is analyzed and the corresponding critical dimensions are determined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From prelife to life: a bio-inspired toy model: We study a one-dimensional lattice of $N$ sites each occupied by a\nmathematical \"polymer,\" that is, is a binary random sequence of arbitrary\nlength $n$, or equivalently, a rooted path of $n$ links on an infinite binary\ntree. The average polymer length is controlled by the monomer fugacity $z$. A\npair of polymers on adjacent sites carries a weight factor $\\omega$ for each\nlink on the tree that they have in common. The phase diagram in the $z\\omega$\nplane exhibits a critical line $z=z_{\\rm c}(\\omega)$. For $z<z_{\\rm c}(\\omega)$\nthere exists an equilibrium phase with, in particular, a finite average polymer\nlength. We investigate the equilibrium ensemble by transfer matrix and Monte\nCarlo methods, paying particular attention to the vicinity of the critical\nline. For $z>z_{\\rm c}(\\omega)$ the equilibrium is unstable and Monte Carlo\ntime evolution brings about a dynamical symmetry breaking which favors the\nevolution of a small selection of polymers to ever greater length. While of\ninterest for its own sake, this model may also be relevant to the\nprelife-to-life transition that has occurred during biological evolution. We\ncompare it to existing models of similar simplicity due to Wu and Higgs (2009,\n2012) and to Chen and Nowak (2012).",
        "positive": "Complete scaling makes differences along the critical isobar: Molecular\n  dynamics simulations of Lennard-Jones fluid with finite-time scaling: We show that, along the critical isobar, the complete scaling results in a\nunique leading scaling qualitatively distinct to that arising from the simple\nand the revised scalings. This is verified by a complete-field finite-time\nscaling theory, which combines the complete scaling with finite-time scaling,\nand its application to the molecular dynamics simulations of the vapor-liquid\ncritical point of a three-dimensional one-component Lennard-Jones fluid in an\nisobaric-isothermal ensemble with linear heating or cooling. Both the static\nand the dynamic critical exponents as well as the critical parameters can be\nestimated without \\emph{a priori} knowledge of the universality class. The\nresults agree with extant values and thus show the necessity of the complete\nscaling to the leading asymptotic behavior along the critical isobar even for\nthe LJ fluid whose asymmetry is thought to be weak."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo study of the two-dimensional kinetic Blume-Capel model in a\n  quenched random crystal field: We investigate by means of Monte Carlo simulations the dynamic phase\ntransition of the two-dimensional kinetic Blume-Capel model under a\nperiodically oscillating magnetic field in the presence of a quenched random\ncrystal-field coupling. We analyze the universality principles of this dynamic\ntransition for various values of the crystal-field coupling at the originally\nsecond-order regime of the corresponding equilibrium phase diagram of the\nmodel. A detailed finite-size scaling analysis indicates that the observed\nnonequilibrium phase transition belongs to the universality class of the\nequilibrium Ising ferromagnet with additional logarithmic corrections in the\nscaling behavior of the heat capacity. Our results are in agreement with\nearlier works on kinetic Ising models.",
        "positive": "Higher order correlations for fluctuations in the presence of fields: The higher order moments of the fluctuations for the thermodynamical systems\nin the presence of fields are investigated in the framework of a theoretical\nmethod. The metod uses a generalized statistical ensemble consonant with the\nadequate expression for the generalized internal energy. The applications refer\nto the case of a system in magnetoquasistatic field. In the case of linear\nmagnetic media one finds that for the description of the magnetic induction\nfluctuations the Gaussian approximation is good enough. For nonlinear media the\ncoresponding fluctuations are non-Gaussian, they having a non-null asymmetry.\nAditionally the respective fluctuations have characteristics of leptokurtic,\nmesokurtic and platykurtic type, depending of the value of the magnetic field\nstrength comparatively with a scaling factor of the magnetization curve."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Model A of critical dynamics: 5-loop $\\varepsilon$ expansion study: We have calculated the five-loop RG expansions of the $n$-component A model\nof critical dynamics in dimensions $d=4-\\varepsilon$ within the Minimal\nSubtraction scheme. This is made possible by using the advanced diagram\nreduction method and the Sector Decomposition technique adapted to the problems\nof critical dynamics. The $\\varepsilon$ expansions for the critical dynamic\nexponent $z$ for an arbitrary value of the order parameter dimension $n$ are\nderived. Based on these series, the numerical estimates of $z$ for different\nuniversality classes are extracted and compared with the results obtained\nwithin different theoretical and experimental methods.",
        "positive": "Connecting complex networks to nonadditive entropies: Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics applies satisfactorily to a plethora of\nsystems. It fails however for complex systems generically involving strong\nspace-time entanglement. Its generalization based on nonadditive $q$-entropies\nadequately handles a wide class of such systems. We show here that\nscale-invariant networks belong to this class. We numerically study a\n$d$-dimensional geographically located network with weighted links and exhibit\nits 'energy' distribution per site at its quasi-stationary state. Our results\nstrongly suggest a correspondence between the random geometric problem and a\nclass of thermal problems within the generalised thermostatistics. The\nBoltzmann-Gibbs exponential factor is generically substituted by its\n$q$-generalisation, and is recovered in the $q=1$ limit when the nonlocal\neffects fade away. The present connection should cross-fertilise experiments in\nboth research areas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Restoring a fluctuation-dissipation theorem in a nonequilibrium steady\n  state: In a nonequilibrium steady state, the violation of the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) is connected to breaking detailed\nbalance. For the velocity correlations of a driven colloidal particle we\ncalculate an explicit expression of the FDT violation. The equilibrium form of\nthe FDT can be restored by measuring the velocity with respect to the local\nmean velocity.",
        "positive": "Brownian motion in a growing population of ballistic particles: We investigate the motility of a growing population of cells in a idealized\nsetting: we consider a system of hard disks in which new particles are added\naccording to prescribed growth kinetics, thereby dynamically changing the\nnumber density. As a result, the expected Brownian motion of the hard disks is\nmodified. We compute the density-dependent friction of the hard disks and\ninsert it in an effective Langevin equation to describe the system, assuming\nthat the inter-collision time is smaller than the timescale of the growth. We\nfind that the effective Langevin description captures the changes in motility\nin agreement with the simulation results. Our framework can be extended to\nother systems in which the transport coefficient varies with time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Extension of the Jarzynski Relation: The relation between the distribution of work performed on a classical system\nby an external force switched on an arbitrary timescale, and the corresponding\nequilibrium free energy difference, is generalized to quantum systems. Using\nthe adiabatic representation we show that this relation holds for isolated\nsystems as well as for systems coupled to a bath described by a master\nequation. A close formal analogy is established between the present classical\ntrajectory picture over populations of adiabatic states and phase fluctuations\n(dephasing) of a quantum coherence in spectral lineshapes, described by the\nstochastic Liouville equation.",
        "positive": "Kramers' escape problem for white noise driven switching in\n  ferroelectrics: A simulation-based study of Kramers' escape problem in the bistable well of a\nferroelectric capacitor is presented. This problem deals with the escape of a\nparticle undergoing Brownian motion over an energy barrier. Using this\nframework, and under the assumption of homogeneous polarisation switching\naccording to the Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire (LGD) theory, we outline two\nprospective device applications -- the possibility of observing true random\nnumber generation (TRNG) and stochastic resonance (SR) in a ferroelectric\ncapacitor. Our simulation results for the former show that by adding white\nnoise and an appropriately tuned voltage pulse to a ferroelectric capacitor, it\nis possible to facilitate probabilistic switching between its two stable\npolarisation states. We predict that this could provide the theoretical\nframework for practical implementations of TRNGs. In addition, we investigate\nstochastic resonance in a ferroelectric capacitor using linear response theory.\nWe show that the addition of an optimal amount of noise to a weak periodic\nsignal, given as an input to this system, can enhance its detection."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization group for evolving networks: We propose a renormalization group treatment of stochastically growing\nnetworks. As an example, we study percolation on growing scale-free networks in\nthe framework of a real-space renormalization group approach. As a result, we\nfind that the critical behavior of percolation on the growing networks differs\nfrom that in uncorrelated nets.",
        "positive": "Markov properties of high frequency exchange rate data: We present a stochastic analysis of a data set consisiting of 10^6 quotes of\nthe US Doller - German Mark exchange rate. Evidence is given that the price\nchanges x(tau) upon different delay times tau can be described as a Markov\nprocess evolving in tau. Thus, the tau-dependence of the probability density\nfunction (pdf) p(x) on the delay time tau can be described by a Fokker-Planck\nequation, a gerneralized diffusion equation for p(x,tau). This equation is\ncompletely determined by two coefficients D_{1}(x,tau) and D_{2}(x,tau) (drift-\nand diffusion coefficient, respectively). We demonstrate how these coefficients\ncan be estimated directly from the data without using any assumptions or models\nfor the underlying stochastic process. Furthermore, it is shown that the\nsolutions of the resulting Fokker-Planck equation describe the empirical pdfs\ncorrectly, including the pronounced tails."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hybrid Optimization Method Using Simulated-Annealing-Based Ising Machine\n  and Quantum Annealer: Ising machines have the potential to realize fast and highly accurate solvers\nfor combinatorial optimization problems. They are classified based on their\ninternal algorithms. Examples include simulated-annealing-based Ising machines\n(non-quantum-type Ising machines) and quantum-annealing-based Ising machines\n(quantum annealers). Herein we propose a hybrid optimization method, which\nutilizes the advantages of both types. In this hybrid optimization method, the\npreprocessing step is performed by solving the non-quantum-annealing Ising\nmachine multiple times. Then sub-Ising models with a reduced size by spin\nfixing are solved using a quantum annealer. The performance of the hybrid\noptimization method is evaluated via simulations using Simulated Annealing (SA)\nas a non-quantum-type Ising machine and D-Wave Advantage as a quantum annealer.\nAdditionally, we investigate the parameter dependence of the proposed hybrid\noptimization method. The hybrid optimization method outperforms the\npreprocessing SA and the quantum annealing machine alone in fully connected\nrandom Ising models.",
        "positive": "Order formation processes of complex systems including different parity\n  order parameters: In the present study, we focus on the parity of the order parameters and\nclarify the order formation process in a system including two order parameters.\nEach order parameter shows each different parity under a gauge transformation,\nnamely even and odd order parameters. For example, in a spin-glass model, the\neven order parameter corresponds to the spin-glass order parameter while the\nodd one corresponds to the magnetization. We introduce phenomenologically a set\nof Langevin equations to express the ordering process under a white Gaussian\nnoise. Using two kinds of Fokker-Planck equations, we analyze the order\nformation process and the entropy production. Furthermore, we show the noise\ndependence of the onset time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "H-theorem do-conjecture: A pedagogical formulation of Loschimidt's paradox and H-theorem is presented\nwith basic notation on occupancy on discrete states without invoking collision\noperators. A conjecture, so called H-theorem do-conjecture, build via invoking\ncausal inference perspective on the dynamical evolution of classical\nmany-particle system on a statistical ensemble. A numerical simulation of\nrandom walkers for deterministic diffusion demonstrate the causal effect of\ninterventional ensemble, showing a dynamical behaviour as a test of the\nproposed conjecture. Moreover, the chosen game like dynamics provides an\naccessible practical example, named Ising-Conway game, in order to demonstrate\nincrease in entropy over time, as a toy system of statistical physics.",
        "positive": "Microcanonical Foundation for Systems with Power-Law Distributions: Starting from microcanonical basis with the principle of equal a priori\nprobability, it is found that, besides ordinary Boltzmann-Gibbs theory with the\nexponential distribution, a theory describing systems with power-law\ndistributions can also be derived."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium free energy and information flow of a double quantum-dot\n  system with Coulomb coupling: We build a double quantum-dot system with Coulomb coupling and aim at\nstudying the connections among the entropy production, free energy, and\ninformation flow. By utilizing the concepts in stochastic thermodynamics and\ngraph theory analysis, the Clausius and nonequilibrium free energy inequalities\nare built to interpret the local second law of thermodynamics for subsystems. A\nfundamental set of cycle fluxes and affinities is identified to decompose the\ntwo inequalities by using Schnakenberg's network theory. The results show that\nthe thermodynamic irreversibility has the energy-related and\ninformation-related contributions. A global cycle associated with the\nfeedback-induced information flow would pump electrons against the bias\nvoltage, which implements a Maxwell Demon.",
        "positive": "Numerical Solutions of the Isotropic 3-Wave Kinetic Equation: We show that the isotropic 3-wave kinetic equation is equivalent to the mean\nfield rate equations for an aggregation-fragmentation problem with an unusual\nfragmentation mechanism. This analogy is used to write the theory of 3-wave\nturbulence almost entirely in terms of a single scaling parameter. A new\nnumerical method for solving the kinetic equation over a large range of\nfrequencies is developed by extending Lee's method for solving aggregation\nequations. The new algorithm is validated against some analytic calculations of\nthe Kolmogorov-Zakharov constant for some families of model interaction\ncoefficients. The algorithm is then applied to study some wave turbulence\nproblems in which the finiteness of the dissipation scale is an essential\nfeature. Firstly, it is shown that for finite capacity cascades, the\ndissipation of energy becomes independent of the cut-off frequency as this\ncut-off is taken to infinity. This is an explicit indication of the presence of\na dissipative anomaly. Secondly, a preliminary numerical study is presented of\nthe so-called bottleneck effect in a wave turbulence context. It is found that\nthe structure of the bottleneck depends non-trivially on the interaction\ncoefficient. Finally some results are presented on the complementary phenomenon\nof thermalisation in closed wave systems which demonstrates explicitly for the\nfirst time the existence of so-called mixed solutions of the kinetic equation\nwhich exhibit aspects of both Kolmogorov-Zakharov and equilibrium equipartition\nspectra."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probabilistic properties of detrended fluctuation analysis for Gaussian\n  processes: The detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) is one of the most widely used tools\nfor the detection of long-range correlations in time series. Although DFA has\nfound many interesting applications and has been shown as one of the best\nperforming detrending methods, its probabilistic foundations are still unclear.\nIn this paper we study probabilistic properties of DFA for Gaussian processes.\nThe main attention is paid to the distribution of the squared error sum of the\ndetrended process. This allows us to find the expected value and the variance\nof the fluctuation function of DFA for a Gaussian process of general form. The\nresults obtained can serve as a starting point for analyzing the statistical\nproperties of the DFA-based estimators for the fluctuation and correlation\nparameters. The obtained theoretical formulas are supported by numerical\nsimulations of particular Gaussian processes possessing short-and long-memory\nbehaviour.",
        "positive": "The stretched exponential behavior and its underlying dynamics. The\n  phenomenological approach: We show that the anomalous diffusion equations with a fractional derivative\nin the Caputo or Riesz sense are strictly related to the special convolution\nproperties of the L\\'evy stable distributions which stem from the evolution\nproperties of stretched or compressed exponential function. The formal\nsolutions of these fractional differential equations are found by using the\nevolution operator method where the evolution operator is presented as integral\ntransforms whose kernel is the Green function. Exact and explicit examples of\nthe solutions are reported and studied for various fractional order of\nderivatives and different initial conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal scaling of work statistics for quantum quenches: In this paper, we systematically study the work statistics for quantum phase\ntransition. For a quantum system approached by an anisotropic conformal field\ntheory near the critical point, the driving protocols is divided into three\ndifferent regimes for different quench rates, which reflects the competition\nbetween the frozen time and the quench time scale. In each regime, we find\nuniversal scaling behaviors in work statistics (after renormalization). It is\nshown that the critical exponents are determined by the space-time dimension\n$d$, the dynamical critical exponent $z$, the correlation-length exponent\n$\\nu$, and the power-law protocols. These universal scalings in nonequilibrium\nprocess may be found in quantum phase transition by measuring the Loschmidt\necho or the Ramsey interferometry.",
        "positive": "Backbone structure of the Edwards-Anderson spin-glass model: We study the ground-state spatial heterogeneities of the Edwards-Anderson\nspin-glass model with both bimodal and Gaussian bond distributions. We\ncharacterize these heterogeneities by using a general definition of bond\nrigidity, which allows us to classify the bonds of the system into two sets,\nthe backbone and its complement, with very different properties. This\ngeneralizes to continuous distributions of bonds the well known definition of a\nbackbone for discrete bond distributions. By extensive numerical simulations we\nfind that the topological structure of the backbone for a given lattice\ndimensionality is very similar for both discrete and continuous bond\ndistributions. We then analyze how these heterogeneities influence the\nequilibrium properties at finite temperature and we discuss the possibility\nthat a suitable backbone picture can be relevant to describe spin-glass\nphenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Possible divergences in Tsallis' thermostatistics\": The problematic divergence of the $q$-partition function of the harmonic\noscillator recently considered in \\cite{plastino} is a particular case of the\nnon-normalizabilty of the distribution function of classical Hamiltonian\nsystems in non-extensive thermostatistics as discussed previously in\n\\cite{lutsko-boon}.",
        "positive": "Glass transition in secondary structures formed by random RNA sequences: Formation of RNA secondary structures is an example of the sequence-structure\nproblem omnipresent in biopolymers. A theoretical question of recent interest\nis whether a random RNA sequence undergoes a finite temperature glass\ntransition. We answer this question affirmatively by first establishing the\nperturbative stability of the high temperature phase via a two replica\ncalculation. Subsequently, we show that this phase cannot persist down to zero\ntemperature by considering energetic contributions due to rare regions of\ncomplementary subsequences."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A model with simultaneous first and second order phase transitions: We introduce a two dimensional nonlinear XY model with a second order phase\ntransition driven by spin waves, together with a first order phase transition\nin the bond variables between two bond ordered phases, one with local\nferromagnetic order and another with local antiferromagnetic order. We also\nprove that at the transition temperature the bond-ordered phases coexist with a\ndisordered phase as predicted by Domany, Schick and Swendsen. This last result\ngeneralizes the result of Shlosman and van Enter (cond-mat/0205455). We argue\nthat these phenomena are quite general and should occur for a large class of\npotentials.",
        "positive": "Extreme value statistics and return intervals in long-range correlated\n  uniform deviates: We study extremal statistics and return intervals in stationary long-range\ncorrelated sequences for which the underlying probability density function is\nbounded and uniform. The extremal statistics we consider e.g., maximum relative\nto minimum are such that the reference point from which the maximum is measured\nis itself a random quantity. We analytically calculate the limiting\ndistributions for independent and identically distributed random variables, and\nuse these as a reference point for correlated cases. The distributions are\ndifferent from that of the maximum itself i.e., a Weibull distribution,\nreflecting the fact that the distribution of the reference point either\ndominates over or convolves with the distribution of the maximum. The\nfunctional form of the limiting distributions is unaffected by correlations,\nalthough the convergence is slower. We show that our findings can be directly\ngeneralized to a wide class of stochastic processes. We also analyze return\ninterval distributions, and compare them to recent conjectures of their\nfunctional form."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Estimation of the partition functions of two-dimensional nearest\n  neighbour Ising models: Employing the exact solution of Onsager for two-dimensional Ising models,\nsimple expressions are proposed for computing the partition function,\nmagnetization, specific heat and susceptibility for non-zero magnetic fields of\nsquare lattices. The partition function in zero fields is also estimated and\nexcellent agreement with the values arising from the exact solution of Onsager\nis demonstrated.",
        "positive": "Phoretic Motion of Spheroidal Particles Due To Self-Generated Solute\n  Gradients: We study theoretically the phoretic motion of a spheroidal particle, which\ngenerates solute gradients in the surrounding unbounded solvent via chemical\nreactions active on its surface in a cap-like region centered at one of the\npoles of the particle. We derive, within the constraints of the mapping to\nclassical diffusio-phoresis, an analytical expression for the phoretic velocity\nof such an object. This allows us to analyze in detail the dependence of the\nvelocity on the aspect ratio of the polar and the equatorial diameters of the\nparticle and on the fraction of the particle surface contributing to the\nchemical reaction. The particular cases of a sphere and of an approximation for\na needle-like particle, which are the most common shapes employed in\nexperimental realizations of such self-propelled objects, are obtained from the\ngeneral solution in the limits that the aspect ratio approaches one or becomes\nvery large, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of Window Shape on the Detection of Hyperuniformity via the Local\n  Number Variance: Hyperuniform many particle systems in d-dimensional space, which includes\ncrystals, quasicrystals, and some exotic disordered systems, are characterized\nby an anomalous suppression of density fluctuations at large length scales such\nthat the local number variance within a \"spherical\" observation window grows\nslower than the window volume. In usual circumstances, this direct space\ncondition is equivalent to the Fourier space hyperuniformity condition that the\nstructure factor vanishes as the wavenumber goes to zero. In this paper, we\ncomprehensively study the effect of aspherical window shapes with\ncharacteristic size $L$ on the direct space condition for hyperuniform systems.\nFor lattices, we demonstrate that the variance growth rate can depend on the\nshape as well as the orientation of the windows, and in some cases, the growth\nrate can be faster than the window volume ($L^d$), which may lead one to\nfalsely conclude that the system is non-hyperuniform solely according to the\ndirect space condition. We analyze the effect of window orientation on the\ngrowth rate, especially for two-dimensional lattices using square windows.\nBased on this analysis, we explain the reason why the variance can grow faster\nthan the window area ($L^2$) or even slower than the window perimeter ($L$).\nThis analysis demonstrates an example of physical systems exhibiting\ncommensurate-incommensurate transitions and is closely related to problems in\nnumber theory (e.g., Diophantine approximation and Gauss' circle problem) and\ndiscrepancy theory. We prove that for a hyperuniform system its\norientationally-averaged variance, instead of the conventional one using\nwindows with a fixed orientation, has a common large-$L$ asymptotic behavior\nregardless of the window shape (for convex windows), thus it can be used to\nresolve the window-shape dependence of the growth rate of the variance on the\nspherical-window condition.",
        "positive": "Visibility of a Bose-condensed gas released from an optical lattice at\n  finite temperatures: In response to a recent manuscript [cond-mat/0609685] on the analysis of\ninterference patterns produced by ultracold atoms released from an optical\nlattice, we point out that in the presence of a Bose-Einstein condensate the\ninterference pattern can be strongly modified by interaction effects and the\npresence of a harmonic trap superimposed on the lattice potential. Our results\nshow that the visibility of the interference pattern is significant only if a\nsizeable condensate fraction is present in the trap."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Quantum Monte Carlo Method at Fixed Energy: In this paper we explore new ways to study the zero temperature limit of\nquantum statistical mechanics using Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We develop\na Quantum Monte Carlo method in which one fixes the ground state energy as a\nparameter. The Hamiltonians we consider are of the form $H=H_{0}+\\lambda V$\nwith ground state energy E. For fixed $H_{0}$ and V, one can view E as a\nfunction of $\\lambda$ whereas we view $\\lambda$ as a function of E. We fix E\nand define a path integral Quantum Monte Carlo method in which a path makes no\nreference to the times (discrete or continuous) at which transitions occur\nbetween states. For fixed E we can determine $\\lambda(E)$ and other ground\nstate properties of H.",
        "positive": "Short- and long-range contributions to equilibrium and transport\n  properties of solid electrolytes: Condensed ionic systems are described in the framework of a combined approach\nthat takes into account both long-range and short-range interactions.\nShort-range interaction is expressed in terms of mean potentials and long-range\ninteraction is considered in terms of screening potentials. A system of\nintegral equations for these potentials is constructed based on the condition\nof the best agreement of the system of study with the reference system. In\ncontrast to the description of media with short-range interactions, in this\ntext the reference distribution includes not only the field of mean potentials\nbut also Coulomb interaction between particles. A one-component system made of\nions in a neutralizing background of fixed counterions is considered. The model\ncan be used to describe solid ionic conductors. In order to study the movement\nof cations on the sites of their sub-lattice, the lattice approximation of the\ntheory is employed based on the calculation of the pair distribution function.\nUsing the collective variables approach, a technique improving the starting\nexpression for this function is proposed. Notably, the neglected terms in the\nexpansion of this function are approximated by single-particle terms ensuring\nthat the normalization condition is satisfied. As a result, the applicability\nof the theory is extended to a wide region of thermodynamic parameters. The\nchemical potential and the diffusion coefficient are calculated showing the\npossibility of phase transitions characteristic of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous wave transport in one-dimensional systems with Levy disorder: We use random matrix theory to study the statistics of wave transport in\none-dimensional random media with Levy disorder, in which waves perform Levy\nflights.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamically consistent mesoscopic fluid particle models for a van\n  der Waals fluid: The GENERIC structure allows for a unified treatment of different discrete\nmodels of hydrodynamics. We first propose a finite volume Lagrangian\ndiscretization of the continuum equations of hydrodynamics through the Voronoi\ntessellation. We then show that a slight modification of these discrete\nequations has the GENERIC structure. The GENERIC structure ensures\nthermodynamic consistency and allows for the introduction of correct thermal\nnoise. In this way, we obtain a consistent discrete model for Lagrangian\nfluctuating hydrodynamics. For completeness, we also present the GENERIC\nversions of the Smoothed Particle Dynamics model and of the Dissipative\nParticle Dynamics model. The thermodynamic consistency endorsed by the GENERIC\nframework allows for a coherent discussion of the gas-liquid phase coexistence\nof a van der Waals fluid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact field-driven interface dynamics in the two-dimensional stochastic\n  Ising model with helicoidal boundary conditions: We investigate the interface dynamics of the two-dimensional stochastic Ising\nmodel in an external field under helicoidal boundary conditions. At\nsufficiently low temperatures and fields, the dynamics of the interface is\ndescribed by an exactly solvable high-spin asymmetric quantum Hamiltonian that\nis the infinitesimal generator of the zero range process. Generally, the\ncritical dynamics of the interface fluctuations is in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\nuniversality class of critical behavior. We remark that a whole family of RSOS\ninterface models similar to the Ising interface model investigated here can be\ndescribed by exactly solvable restricted high-spin quantum XXZ-type\nHamiltonians.",
        "positive": "A microscopic theory of Curzon-Ahlborn heat engine: Abstract The Curzon-Ahlborn (CA) efficiency, as the efficiency at the maximum\npower (EMP) of the endoreversible Carnot engine, has a significant impact on\nfinite-time thermodynamics. However, the CA engine model is based on many\nassumptions. In the past few decades, although a lot of efforts have been made,\na microscopic theory of the CA engine is still lacking. By adopting the method\nof the stochastic differential equation of energy, we formulate a microscopic\ntheory of the CA engine realized with an underdamped Brownian particle in a\nclass of non-harmonic potentials. This theory gives microscopic interpretation\nof all assumptions made by Curzon and Ahlborn, and thus puts the results about\nCA engine on a solid foundation. Also, based on this theory, we obtain\nanalytical expressions of the power and the efficiency statistics for the\nBrownian CA engine. Our research brings new perspectives to experimental\nstudies of finite-time microscopic heat engines featured with fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling of Ergodicity in Binary Systems: Given pseudo-random binary sequence of length $L$, assuming it consists of\n$k$ sub-sequences of length $N$. We estimate how $k$ scales with growing $N$ to\nobtain a {\\it limiting} ergodic behaviour, to fulfill the basic definition of\nergodicity (due to Boltzmann). The average of the consecutive sub-sequences\nplays the role of time (temporal) average. This average then compared to\nensemble average to estimate quantitative value of a simple metric called Mean\nErgodic Time (MET), when system is ergodic.",
        "positive": "Theory of fractional-L\u00e9vy kinetics for cold atoms diffusing in optical\n  lattices: Recently, anomalous superdiffusion of ultra cold 87Rb atoms in an optical\nlattice has been observed along with a fat-tailed, L\\'evy type, spatial\ndistribution. The anomalous exponents were found to depend on the depth of the\noptical potential. We find, within the framework of the semiclassical theory of\nSisyphus cooling, three distinct phases of the dynamics, as the optical\npotential depth is lowered: normal diffusion; L\\'evy diffusion; and x ~ t^3/2\nscaling, the latter related to Obukhov's model (1959) of turbulence. The\nprocess can be formulated as a L\\'evy walk, with strong correlations between\nthe length and duration of the excursions. We derive a fractional diffusion\nequation describing the atomic cloud, and the corresponding anomalous diffusion\ncoefficient."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modeling interest rate dynamics: an infinite-dimensional approach: We present a family of models for the term structure of interest rates which\ndescribe the interest rate curve as a stochastic process in a Hilbert space. We\nstart by decomposing the deformations of the term structure into the variations\nof the short rate, the long rate and the fluctuations of the curve around its\naverage shape. This fluctuation is then described as a solution of a stochastic\nevolution equation in an infinite dimensional space. In the case where\ndeformations are local in maturity, this equation reduces to a stochastic PDE,\nof which we give the simplest example. We discuss the properties of the\nsolutions and show that they capture in a parsimonious manner the essential\nfeatures of yield curve dynamics: imperfect correlation between maturities,\nmean reversion of interest rates and the structure of principal components of\nterm structure deformations. Finally, we discuss calibration issues and show\nthat the model parameters have a natural interpretation in terms of empirically\nobserved quantities.",
        "positive": "Branching annihilating random walks with long-range attraction in one\n  dimension: We introduce and numerically study the branching annihilating random walks\nwith long-range attraction (BAWL). The long-range attraction makes hopping\nbiased in such a manner that particle's hopping along the direction to the\nnearest particle has larger transition rate than hopping against the direction.\nStill, unlike the L\\'evy flight, a particle only hops to one of its\nnearest-neighbor sites. The strength of bias takes the form $x^{-\\sigma}$ with\nnon-negative $\\sigma$, where $x$ is the distance to the nearest particle from a\nparticle to hop. By extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the\ncritical decay exponent $\\delta$ varies continuously with $\\sigma$ up to\n$\\sigma=1$ and $\\delta$ is the same as the critical decay exponent of the\ndirected Ising (DI) universality class for $\\sigma \\ge 1$. Investigating the\nbehavior of the density in the absorbing phase, we argue that $\\sigma=1$ is\nindeed the threshold that separates the DI and non-DI critical behavior. We\nalso show by Monte Carlo simulations that branching bias with symmetric hopping\nexhibits the same critical behavior as the BAWL."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Escape from bounded domains driven by multi-variate $\u03b1$-stable\n  noises: In this paper we provide an analysis of a mean first passage time problem of\na random walker subject to a bi-variate $\\alpha$-stable L\\'evy type noise from\na 2-dimensional disk. For an appropriate choice of parameters the mean first\npassage time reveals non-trivial, non-monotonous dependence on the stability\nindex $\\alpha$ describing jumps' length asymptotics both for spherical and\nCartesian L\\'evy flights. Finally, we study escape from $d$-dimensional\nhyper-sphere showing that $d$-dimensional escape process can be used to\ndiscriminate between various types of multi-variate $\\alpha$-stable noises,\nespecially spherical and Cartesian L\\'evy flights.",
        "positive": "Low-temperature properties of classical zigzag spin chain at the\n  ferromagnet-helimagnet transition point: Low-temperature thermodynamics of the classical frustrated ferromagnetic spin\nchain near the ferromagnet-helimagnet transition point is studied by means of\nmapping to the continuum limit. The calculation of the partition function and\nspin correlation function is reduced to quantum problem of a particle in\npotential well. It is shown that exactly at the transition point the\ncorrelation length behaves as $T^{-1/3}$ and the magnetic susceptibility\ndiverges as $T^{-4/3}$ in the low-temperature limit. Corresponding numerical\nfactors for the correlation length and the susceptibility is calculated. It is\nshown that the low-temperature susceptibility in the helical phase near the\ntransition point has a maximum at some temperature. Such behavior as well as\nthe location and the magnitude of the maximum as a function of deviation from\nthe transition point are in agreement with that observed in several materials\ndescribed by the quantum $s=1/2$ version of this model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of structure-forming systems: Structure-forming systems are ubiquitous in nature, ranging from atoms\nbuilding molecules to self-assembly of colloidal amphibolic particles. The\nunderstanding of the underlying thermodynamics of such systems remains an\nimportant problem. Here we derive the entropy for structure-forming systems\nthat differs from Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy by a term that explicitly captures\nclustered states. For large systems and low concentrations, the approach is\nequivalent to the grand-canonical ensemble; for small systems, we find\nsignificant deviations. We derive the detailed fluctuation theorem and Crooks'\nwork fluctuation theorem for structure-forming systems. The connection to the\ntheory of particle self-assembly is discussed. We apply the results to several\nphysical systems. We present the phase diagram for patchy particles described\nby the Kern-Frenkel potential. We show that the Curie-Weiss model with molecule\nstructures exhibits a first-order phase transition.",
        "positive": "\"Screening\" of universal van der Waals - Casimir terms by Coulomb gases\n  in a fully-finite two-dimensional geometry: This paper is a continuation of a previous one [Jancovici and Samaj, 2004 J.\nStat. Mech. P08006] dealing with classical Casimir phenomena in semi-infinite\nwall geometries. In that paper, using microscopic Coulomb systems, the\nlong-ranged Casimir force due to thermal fluctuations in conducting walls was\nshown to be screened by the presence of an electrolyte between the walls into\nsome residual short-ranged force. Here, we aim to extend the study of the\nscreening (cancellation) phenomena to universal Casimir terms appearing in the\nlarge-size expansions of the grand potentials for microscopic Coulomb systems\nconfined in fully-finite 2D geometries, in particular the disc geometry. Two\ncases are solved exactly: the high-temperature (Debye-H\\\"uckel) limit and the\nThirring free-fermion point. Similarities and fundamental differences between\nfully-finite and semi-infinite geometries are pointed out."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional Statistical Mechanics: The Liouville and first Bogoliubov hierarchy equations with derivatives of\nnoninteger order are derived. The fractional Liouville equation is obtained\nfrom the conservation of probability to find a system in a fractional volume\nelement. This equation is used to obtain Bogoliubov hierarchy and fractional\nkinetic equations with fractional derivatives. Statistical mechanics of\nfractional generalization of the Hamiltonian systems is discussed. Liouville\nand Bogoliubov equations with fractional coordinate and momenta derivatives are\nconsidered as a basis to derive fractional kinetic equations. The\nFokker-Planck-Zaslavsky equation that has fractional phase-space derivatives is\nobtained from fractional Bogoliubov equation. The linear fractional kinetic\nequation for distribution of the charged particles is considered.",
        "positive": "Ballistic Annihilation: Ballistic annihilation with continuous initial velocity distributions is\ninvestigated in the framework of Boltzmann equation. The particle density and\nthe rms velocity decay as $c=t^{-\\alpha}$ and $<v>=t^{-\\beta}$, with the\nexponents depending on the initial velocity distribution and the spatial\ndimension. For instance, in one dimension for the uniform initial velocity\ndistribution we find $\\beta=0.230472...$. We also solve the Boltzmann equation\nfor Maxwell particles and very hard particles in arbitrary spatial dimension.\nThese solvable cases provide bounds for the decay exponents of the hard sphere\ngas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exclusion Statistics in Conformal Field Theory Spectra: We propose a new method for investigating the exclusion statistics of\nquasi-particles in Conformal Field Theory (CFT) spectra. The method leads to\none-particle distribution functions, which generalize the Fermi-Dirac\ndistribution. For the simplest $su(n)$ invariant CFTs we find a generalization\nof Gentile parafermions, and we obtain new distributions for the simplest\n$Z_N$-invariant CFTs. In special examples, our approach reproduces\ndistributions based on `fractional exclusion statistics' in the sense of\nHaldane. We comment on applications to fractional quantum Hall effect edge\ntheories.",
        "positive": "Asymmetry of forward/backward transition times as a non-equilibrium\n  measure of complexity of microscopic mechanisms: In one-dimensional random walks, the waiting time for each direction\ntransitions is the same, even in the presence of bias, as a consequence of the\nmicroscopic-reversibility. We study the symmetry breaking of forward/ backward\ntransition times in a random walk on a lattice of two lanes. We find that\neither transition times can be faster depending on the lattice's net current,\nand the symmetry is recovered only at equilibrium. Our analysis suggests that\nthe forward/ backward transition times' asymmetry can be used as a measure of\ndeviation from the equilibrium of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hilbert's Sixth Problem: Descriptive Statistics as New Foundations for\n  Probability: Hay esbozos seg\\'un los cuales las probabilidades se cuentan como la\nfundaci\\'on de la teor\\'i a matem\\'atica de las estad\\'isticas. Mas la\nsignificaci\\'on f\\'isica de las probabilidades matem\\'aticas son oscuros, muy\npoco entendidos. Parec\\'i era mejor que las probabilidades f\\'isicas se\nfundaran en las estad\\'isticas descriptivas de datos fisicales. Se trata una\nteor\\'i a que as\\'i responde a una cuestiona de Hilbert propuesta en su\nProblema N\\'umero Seis, la axiomatizaci\\'on de la F\\'isica. Esta est\\'a basada\nen las auto-correlaci\\'ones de los series temporales. Casi todas las funciones\nde auto-correlaci\\'on de las trayector\\'i as de un sistema din\\'amico lineal\n(con un n\\'umero de grados de libertad bastante grande) son todas\naproximadamente iguales, no importan las condiciones iniciales, a\\'un si el\nsistema no sea erg\\'odico, como conjetur\\'o Khintchine en 1943.\n  Usually, the theory of probability has been made the foundation for the\ntheory of statistics. But the physical significance of the concept of\nprobability is problematic, with no consensus. It would seem better to make the\ndescriptive statistics of physical data the foundations of physical\nprobability. This will answer a question posed by Hilbert in his Sixth Problem,\nthe axiomatization of Physics. It is based on the auto-correlation function of\ntime series. Almost all trajectories of a linear dynamical system (with\nsufficiently many degrees of freedom) are approximately equal, no matter their\ninitial conditions, even when the system is not ergodic, as conjectured by\nKhintchine in 1943.",
        "positive": "Transport in a Levy ratchet: Group velocity and distribution spread: We consider the motion of an overdamped particle in a periodic potential\nlacking spatial symmetry under the influence of symmetric L\\'evy noise, being a\nminimal setup for a ``L\\'evy ratchet.'' Due to the non-thermal character of the\nL\\'evy noise, the particle exhibits a motion with a preferred direction even in\nthe absence of whatever additional time-dependent forces. The examination of\nthe L\\'evy ratchet has to be based on the characteristics of directionality\nwhich are different from typically used measures like mean current and the\ndispersion of particles' positions, since these get inappropriate when the\nmoments of the noise diverge. To overcome this problem, we discuss robust\nmeasures of directionality of transport like the position of the median of the\nparticles displacements' distribution characterizing the group velocity, and\nthe interquantile distance giving the measure of the distributions' width.\nMoreover, we analyze the behavior of splitting probabilities for leaving an\ninterval of a given length unveiling qualitative differences between the noises\nwith L\\'evy indices below and above unity. Finally, we inspect the problem of\nthe first escape from an interval of given length revealing independence of\nexit times on the structure of the potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One variation on Lloyd's theme: One random spin-1/2 XY chain that after Jordan-Wigner fermionization reduces\nto the extended Lloyd's model is considered. The random-averaged one-fermion\nGreen functions have been calculated exactly that yields thermodynamics of the\nspin model.",
        "positive": "Transport Anomalies and Marginal Fermi-Liquid Effects at a Quantum\n  Critical Point: The behavior of the conductivity and the density of states, as well as the\nphase relaxation time, of disordered itinerant electrons across a quantum\nferromagnetic transition is discussed. It is shown that critical fluctuations\nlead to anomalies in the temperature and energy dependence of the conductivity\nand the tunneling density of states, respectively, that are stronger than the\nusual weak-localization anomalies in a disordered Fermi liquid. This can be\nused as an experimental probe of the quantum critical behavior. The energy\ndependence of the phase relaxation time at criticality is shown to be that of a\nmarginal Fermi liquid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Approximating microswimmer dynamics by active Brownian motion:\n  Energetics and efficiency: We consider the dynamics of a microswimmer and show that they can be\napproximated by active Brownian motion. The swimmer is modeled by coupled\noverdamped Langevin equations with periodic driving. We compare the energy\ndissipation of the real swimmer to that of the active Brownian motion model,\nfinding that the latter can massively underestimate the complete dissipation.\nThis discrepancy is related to the inability to infer the full dissipation from\npartial observation of the complete system. We introduce an efficiency that\nmeasures how much of the dissipated energy is spent on forward propulsion.",
        "positive": "The q-exponential family in statistical physics: The notion of generalised exponential family is considered in the restricted\ncontext of nonextensive statistical physics. Examples are given of models\nbelonging to this family. In particular, the q-Gaussians are discussed and it\nis shown that the configurational probability distributions of the\nmicrocanonical ensemble belong to the q-exponential family."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the robustness of scale invariance in SOC models: A random neighbor extremal stick-slip model is introduced. In the\nthermodynamic limit, the distribution of states has a simple analytical form\nand the mean avalanche size, as a function of the coupling parameter, is\nexactly calculable. The system is critical only at a special point Jc in the\ncoupling parameter space. However, the critical region around this point, where\napproximate scale invariance holds, is very large, suggesting a mechanism for\nexplaining the ubiquity of scale invariance in Nature.",
        "positive": "Weak disorder strongly improves the selective enhancement of diffusion\n  in a tilted periodic potential: The diffusion of an overdamped Brownian particle in a tilted periodic\npotential is known to exhibit a pronounced enhancement over the free thermal\ndiffusion within a small interval of tilt-values. Here we show that weak\ndisorder in the form of small, time-independent deviations from a strictly\nspatially periodic potential may further boost this diffusion peak by orders of\nmagnitude. Our general theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with\nexperimental observations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gibbs' theorem for open systems with incomplete statistics: Gibbs' theorem, which is originally intended for canonical ensembles with\ncomplete statistics has been generalized to open systems with incomplete\nstatistics. As a result of this generalization, it is shown that the stationary\nequilibrium distribution of inverse power law form associated with the\nincomplete statistics has maximum entropy even for open systems with energy or\nmatter influx. The renormalized entropy definition given in this paper can also\nserve as a measure of self-organization in open systems described by incomplete\nstatistics.",
        "positive": "Metastable and scaling regimes of a one-dimensional Kawasaki dynamics: We investigate the large-time scaling regimes arising from a variety of\nmetastable structures in a chain of Ising spins with both first- and\nsecond-neighbor couplings while subject to a Kawasaki dynamics. Depending on\nthe ratio and sign of these former, different dynamic exponents are suggested\nby finite-size scaling analyses of relaxation times. At low but\nnonzero-temperatures these are calculated via exact diagonalizations of the\nevolution operator in finite chains under several activation barriers. In the\nabsence of metastability the dynamics is always diffusive."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size effects on the behavior of the susceptibility in van der\n  Waals films under $+,+$ boundary conditions: We study critical point finite-size effects in the case of the susceptibility\nof a film in which interactions are characterized by a van der Waals-type power\nlaw tail. The geometry is appropriate to a slab-like system with two bounding\nsurfaces. Boundary conditions are consistent with surfaces that both prefer the\nsame phase in the low temperature, or broken symmetry, state. We take into\naccount both interactions within the system and interactions between the\nconstituents of the system and the material surrounding it. Specific\npredictions are made with respect to the behavior of a $^3$He and $^4$He films\nin the vicinity of their respective liquid-vapor critical points.",
        "positive": "Proposal for many-body quantum chaos detection: In this work, we use the term ``quantum chaos'' to refer to spectral\ncorrelations similar to those found in random matrix theory. Quantum chaos can\nbe diagnosed through the analysis of level statistics using the spectral form\nfactor, which detects both short- and long-range level correlations. The\nspectral form factor corresponds to the Fourier transform of the two-point\nspectral correlation function and exhibits a typical slope-dip-ramp-plateau\nstructure (aka correlation hole) when the system is chaotic. We discuss how\nthis structure could be detected through the dynamics of two physical\nquantities accessible to experimental many-body quantum systems: the survival\nprobability and the spin autocorrelation function. When the system is small,\nthe dip reaches values that are large enough at times which are short enough to\nbe detected with current experimental platforms and commercially available\nquantum computers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mass of quantum topological excitations and order parameter finite size\n  dependence: We consider the spontaneously broken regime of the $O(n)$ vector model in\n$d=n+1$ space-time dimensions, with boundary conditions enforcing the presence\nof a topological defect line. Comparing theory and finite size dependence of\none-point functions observed in recent numerical simulations we argue that the\nmass of the underlying topological quantum particle becomes infinite when\n$d\\geq 4$.",
        "positive": "A probabilistic framework for particle-based reaction-diffusion dynamics\n  using classical Fock space representations: The modeling and simulation of stochastic reaction-diffusion processes is a\ntopic of steady interest that is approached with a wide range of methods.\n\\rev{At the level of particle-resolved descriptions, where chemical reactions\nare coupled to the spatial diffusion of individual particles, there exist\ncomprehensive numerical simulation schemes, while the corresponding\nmathematical formalization is relatively underdeveloped. The aim of this paper\nis to provide a framework to systematically formulate the probabilistic\nevolution equation, termed chemical diffusion master equation (CDME), that\ngoverns particle-based stochastic reaction-diffusion processes. To account for\nthe non-conserved and unbounded particle number of this type of open systems,\nwe employ a classical analogue of the quantum mechanical Fock space that\ncontains the symmetrized probability densities of the many-particle\nconfigurations in space. Following field-theoretical ideas of second\nquantization, we introduce creation and annihilation operators that act on\nsingle-particle densities and provide natural representations of symmetrized\nprobability densities as well as of reaction and diffusion operators. These\noperators allow us to consistently and systematically formulate the CDME for\narbitrary reaction schemes. The resulting form of the CDME further serves as\nthe foundation to derive more coarse-grained descriptions of reaction-diffusion\ndynamics. In this regard, we show that a discretization of the evolution\nequation by projection onto a Fock subspace generated by a finite set of\nsingle-particle densities leads to a generalized form of the well-known\nreaction-diffusion master equation, which supports non-local reactions between\ngrid cells and which converges properly in the continuum limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superdiffusive Transport in Quasi-Particle Dephasing Models: Investigating the behavior of noninteracting fermions subjected to local\ndephasing, we reveal that quasi-particle dephasing can induce superdiffusive\ntransport. This superdiffusion arises from nodal points within the momentum\ndistribution of local dephasing quasi-particles, leading to asymptotic\nlong-lived modes. By studying the dynamics of the Wigner function, we\nrigorously elucidate how the dynamics of these enduring modes give rise to\nL\\'evy walk processes, a renowned mechanism underlying superdiffusion\nphenomena. Our research demonstrates the controllability of dynamical scaling\nexponents by selecting quasi-particles and extends its applicability to higher\ndimensions, underlining the pervasive nature of superdiffusion in dephasing\nmodels.",
        "positive": "The estimation of (kT_{C}(p)/J, p) phase diagram for two-dimensional\n  site-diluted Ising model using a microcanonical algorithm: The site-diluted Ising model has been investigated using an improved\nmicrocanonical algorithm from Creutz Cellular Automaton. For a microcanonical\nalgorithm, the basic problem is to estimate the correct temperatures using\naverage values of the kinetic energy in the simulations of site-diluted Ising\nmodel. In this study, the average kinetic energy has been re-described with an\nexpression dependent on dilution x=1-p. The values of the temperature have been\ncalculated using the new expression and the critical temperatures have been\nestimated from the peaks of specific heat for each value of dilution x. The\nobtained phase transition line (kT_{C}(p)/J, p) is in good agreement with\nfunctional prediction for the site-diluted Ising model. The simulations were\ncarried out on a square lattice with periodic boundary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wave Propagation And Landau-Type Damping In Liquids: Intermolecular forces are modeled by means of a modified Lennard-Jones\npotential, introducing a distance of minimum approach, and the effect of\nintermolecular interactions is accounted for with a self consistent field of\nthe Vlasov type. A Vlasov equation is then written and used to investigate the\npropagation of perturbations in a liquid. A dispersion relation is obtained and\nan effect of damping, analogous to what is known in plasmas as \"Landau\ndamping\", is found to take place.",
        "positive": "Spin-3/2 models on the Cayley tree -- optimum ground state approach: We present a class of optimum ground states for spin-3/2 models on the Cayley\ntree with coordination number 3. The interaction is restricted to nearest\nneighbours and contains 5 continuous parameters. For all values of these\nparameters the Hamiltonian has parity invariance, spin-flip invariance, and\nrotational symmetry in the xy-plane of spin space. The global ground states are\nconstructed in terms of a 1-parametric vertex state model, which is a direct\ngeneralization of the well-known matrix product ground state approach. By using\nrecursion relations and the transfer matrix technique we derive exact\nanalytical expressions for local fluctuations and longitudinal and transversal\ntwo-point correlation functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comparing four hard-sphere approximations for the low-temperature WCA\n  melting line: By combining interface-pinning simulations with numerical integration of the\nClausius-Clapeyron equation we determine accurately the melting-line\ncoexistence pressure and fluid/crystal densities of the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen\n(WCA) system covering four decades of temperature. The data are used for\ncomparing the melting-line predictions of the Boltzmann,\nAndersen-Weeks-Chandler, Barker-Henderson, and Stillinger hard-sphere\napproximations. The Andersen-Weeks-Chandler and the Barker-Henderson theories\ngive the most accurate predictions, and they both work excellently in the\nzero-temperature limit for which analytical expressions are derived here.",
        "positive": "Critical p=1/2 in percolation on semi-infinite strips: We study site percolation on lattices confined to a semi-infinite strip. For\ntriangular and square lattices we find that the probability that a cluster\ntouches the three sides of such a system at the percolation threshold has the\ncontinuous limit 1/2 and argue that this limit is universal for planar systems.\nThis value is also expected to hold for finite systems for any self-matching\nlattice. We attribute this result to the asymptotic symmetry of the separation\nlines between alternating spanning clusters of occupied and unoccupied sites\nformed on the original and matching lattice, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Derivation of Tsallis statistics from dynamical equations for a granular\n  gas: In this work we present the explicit calculation of Probability Distribution\nFunction for a model system of granular gas within the framework of Tsallis\nNon-Extensive Statistical Mechanics, using the stochastic approach by Beck [C.\nBeck, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 180601 (2001)], further generalized by Sattin and\nSalasnich [F. Sattin and L. Salasnich, Phys. Rev. E 65, 035106(R) (2002)]. The\ncalculation is self-consistent in that the form of Probability Distribution\nFunction is not given as an ansatz but is shown to necessarily arise from the\nknown microscopic dynamics of the system.",
        "positive": "A unifying picture of generalized thermodynamic uncertainty relations: The thermodynamic uncertainty relation is a universal trade-off relation\nconnecting the precision of a current with the average dissipation at large\ntimes. For continuous time Markov chains (also called Markov jump processes)\nthis relation is valid in the time-homogeneous case, while it fails in the\ntime-periodic case. The latter is relevant for the study of several small\nthermodynamic systems. We consider here a time-periodic Markov chain with\ncontinuous time and a broad class of functionals of stochastic trajectories,\nwhich are general linear combinations of the empirical flow and the empirical\ndensity. Inspired by the analysis done in our previous work [1], we provide\ngeneral methods to get local quadratic bounds for large deviations, which lead\nto universal lower bounds on the ratio of the diffusion coefficient to the\nsquared average value in terms of suitable universal rates, independent of the\nempirical functional. These bounds are called \"generalized thermodynamic\nuncertainty relations\" (GTUR's), being generalized versions of the\nthermodynamic uncertainty relation to the time-periodic case and to functionals\nwhich are more general than currents. Previously, GTUR's in the time-periodic\ncase have been obtained in [1, 27, 42]. Here we recover the GTUR's in [1, 27]\nand produce new ones, leading to even stronger bounds and also to new trade-off\nrelations for time-homogeneous systems. Moreover, we generalize to arbitrary\nprotocols the GTUR obtained in [42] for time-symmetric protocols. We also\ngeneralize to the time-periodic case the GTUR obtained in [19] for the so\ncalled dynamical activity, and provide a new GTUR which, in the\ntime-homogeneous case, is stronger than the one in [19]. The unifying picture\nis completed with a comprehensive comparison between the different GTUR's."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modified Kelvin equations for capillary condensation in narrow and wide\n  grooves: We consider the location and order of capillary condensation transitions\noccurring in deep grooves of width $L$ and depth $D$. For walls that are\ncompletely wet by liquid (contact angle $\\theta=0$) the transition is\ncontinuous and its location is not sensitive to the depth of the groove.\nHowever for walls which are partially wet by liquid, where the transition is\nfirst-order, we show that the pressure at which it occurs is determined by a\nmodified Kelvin equation characterized by an edge contact angle $\\theta_E$\ndescribing the shape of the meniscus formed at the top of the groove. The\ndependence of $\\theta_E$ on the groove depth $D$ relies, in turn, on whether\ncorner menisci are formed at the bottom of the groove in the low density\ngas-like phase. While for macroscopically wide grooves these are always present\nwhen $\\theta<45\\degree$ we argue that their formation is inhibited in narrow\ngrooves. This has a number of implications including that the local pining of\nthe meniscus and location of the condensation transition is different depending\non whether the contact angle is greater or less than a universal value\n$\\theta^*\\approx 31\\degree$. Our arguments are supported by detailed\nmicroscopic density functional theory calculations which show that the modified\nKelvin equation remains highly accurate even when $L$ and $D$ are of the order\nof tens of molecular diameters.",
        "positive": "Upper bound for entropy production in Markov processes: The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy production cannot be\nnegative. Recent developments concerning uncertainty relations in stochastic\nthermodynamics, such as thermodynamic uncertainty relations and speed limits,\nhave yielded refined second laws that provide lower bounds of entropy\nproduction by incorporating information from current statistics or\ndistributions. In contrast, in this study, we bound the entropy production from\nabove by terms comprising the dynamical activity and maximum transition-rate\nratio. We derive two upper bounds: one applies to steady-state conditions,\nwhereas the other applies to arbitrary time-dependent conditions. We verify\nthese bounds through numerical simulation and identify several potential\napplications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of the vacuum: The vacuum is full of virtual particles which exist for short moments of\ntime. In this paper we construct a chaotic model of vacuum fluctuations\nassociated with a fundamental entropic field that generates an arrow of time.\nThe dynamics can be physically interpreted in terms of fluctuating virtual\nmomenta. This model leads to a generalized statistical mechanics that\ndistinguishes fundamental constants of nature.",
        "positive": "Diffusivity dependence of the transition path ensemble: Transition pathways of stochastic dynamical systems are typically\napproximated by instantons. Here we show, using a dynamical system containing\ntwo competing pathways, that at low-to-intermediate temperatures, instantons\ncan fail to capture the most likely transition pathways. We construct an\napproximation which includes fluctuations around the instanton and, by\ncomparing with the results of an accurate and efficient path-space Monte Carlo\nsampling method, find this approximation to hold for a wide range of\ntemperatures. Our work delimits the applicability of large deviation theory and\nprovides methods to probe these limits numerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Diffusion and Lamb-Shift-Like Spectrum Shift in Classical\n  Oscillators: The phase diffusion in a self-sustained oscillator, which produces\noscillator's spectral linewidth, is inherently governed by a nonlinear Langevin\nequation. Over past 40 years, the equation has been treated with linear\napproximation, rendering the nonlinearity's effects unknown. Here we solve the\nnonlinear Langevin equation using the perturbation method borrowed from quantum\nmechanics, and reveal the physics of the nonlinearity: slower phase diffusion\n(linewidth narrowing) and a surprising oscillation frequency shift that\nformally corresponds to the Lamb shift in quantum electrodynamics.",
        "positive": "Partially Observable Szilard Engines: Leo Szilard pointed out that Maxwell's demon can be replaced by machinery,\nthereby laying the foundation for understanding the physical nature of\ninformation. Szilard's information engine still serves as a canonical example\nafter almost a hundred years, despite recent significant growth of the area.\nThe role the demon plays can be reduced to mapping observable data to a\nmeta-stable memory, which is utilized to extract work. While Szilard showed\nthat the map can be implemented mechanistically, it was chosen a priori. The\nchoice of how to construct a meaningful memory constitutes the demon's\nintelligence. Recently, it was shown that this can be automated as well. To\nthat end, generalized, partially observable information engines were\nintroduced, providing a basis for understanding the physical nature of\ninformation processing. Partial observability is ubiquitous in real world\nsystems which have limited sensor types and information acquisition bandwidths.\nGeneralized information engines can run work extraction at a different\ntemperature, T' > T, from the memory forming process. This enables the combined\ntreatment of heat engines and information engines. We study the physical\ncharacteristics of intelligent observers by introducing a canonical model that\ndisplays physical richness, despite its simplicity. A minor change to Szilard's\nengine - inserting the divider at an angle - results in a family of partially\nobservable Szilard engines. Their analysis shows how the demon's intelligence\ncan be automated. For each angle, and for each value of T'/T, an optimal memory\ncan be found, enabling the engine to run with minimal dissipation. Those\noptimal memories are probabilistic maps, computed algorithmically. We discuss\nhow they can be implemented with a simple physical system, characterize their\nperformance, and compare their quality to that of naive, deterministic\nquantizations of the observable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermally Activated Resonant Magnetization Tunneling in Molecular\n  Magnets: Mn_12Ac and others: The dynamical theory of thermally activated resonant magnetization tunneling\nin uniaxially anisotropic magnetic molecules such as Mn_12Ac (S=10) is\ndeveloped.The observed slow dynamics of the system is described by master\nequations for the populations of spin levels.The latter are obtained by the\nadiabatic elimination of fast degrees of freedom from the density matrix\nequation with the help of the perturbation theory developed earlier for the\ntunneling level splitting [D. A. Garanin, J. Phys. A, 24, L61 (1991)]. There\nexists a temperature range (thermally activated tunneling) where the escape\nrate follows the Arrhenius law, but has a nonmonotonic dependence on the bias\nfield due to tunneling at the top of the barrier. At lower temperatures this\nregime crosses over to the non-Arrhenius law (thermally assisted tunneling).\nThe transition between the two regimes can be first or second order, depending\non the transverse field, which can be tested in experiments. In both regimes\nthe resonant maxima of the rate occur when spin levels in the two potential\nwells match at certain field values. In the thermally activated regime at low\ndissipation each resonance has a multitower self-similar structure with\nprogressively narrowing peaks mounting on top of each other.",
        "positive": "Multidimensional entropic bound: Estimator of entropy production for\n  general Langevin dynamics with an arbitrary time-dependent protocol: Entropy production (EP) is a key quantity in thermodynamics, and yet\nmeasuring EP has remained a challenging task. Here we introduce an EP\nestimator, called multidimensional entropic bound (MEB), utilizing an ensemble\nof trajectories without knowing the details of a given system. MEB is a unified\nmethod in the sense that it is applicable to both overdamped and underdamped\nLangevin dynamics, irrespective of the time dependence of the driving protocol.\nIn addition, MEB is computationally efficient because optimization is\nunnecessary. We apply our developed estimator to three physical systems driven\nby time-dependent protocols pertaining to experiments using optical tweezers: a\ndragged Brownian particle, a pulling process of a harmonic chain, and an\nunfolding process of an RNA hairpin. Numerical simulations confirm the validity\nand efficiency of our method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Confined Sandpile in two Dimensions: Percolation and Singular Diffusion: We investigate the properties of a two-state sandpile model subjected to a\nconfining potential in two dimensions. From the microdynamical description, we\nderive a diffusion equation, and find a stationary solution for the case of a\nparabolic confining potential. By studying the systems at different confining\nconditions, we observe two scale-invariant regimes. At a given confining\npotential strength, the cluster size distribution takes the form of a power\nlaw. This regime corresponds to the situation in which the density at the\ncenter of the system approaches the critical percolation threshold. The\nanalysis of the fractal dimension of the largest cluster frontier provides\nevidence that this regime is reminiscent of gradient percolation. By increasing\nfurther the confining potential, most of the particles coalesce in a giant\ncluster, and we observe a regime where the jump size distribution takes the\nform of a power law. The onset of this second regime is signaled by a maximum\nin the fluctuation of energy.",
        "positive": "T_c for trapped dilute Bose gases: a second-order result: For some time, the theoretical result for the transition temperature of a\ndilute three-dimensional Bose gas in an arbitrarily wide harmonic trap has been\nknown to first order in the interaction strength. We extend that result to\nsecond order. The first-order result for a gas trapped in a harmonic potential\ncan be computed in mean field theory (in contrast to the first order result for\na uniform gas, which cannot). We show that, at second order, perturbation\ntheory suffices for relating the transition temperature to the chemical\npotential at the transition, but the chemical potential is non-perturbative at\nthe desired order. The necessary information about the chemical potential can\nbe extracted, however, from recent lattice simulations of uniform Bose gases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The quantum (non-Abelian) Potts model and its exact solution: We generalize the classical one dimensional Potts model to the case where the\nsymmetry group is a non-Abelian finite group. It turns out that this new model\nhas a quantum nature in that its spectrum of energy eigenstates consists of\nentangled states. We determine the complete energy spectrum, i.e. the ground\nstates and all the excited states with their degeneracy structure. We calculate\nthe partition function by two different algebraic and combinatorial methods. We\nalso determine the entanglement properties of its ground states.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium ultrastable glasses produced by random pinning: Ultrastable glasses have risen to prominence due to their potentially useful\nmaterial properties and the tantalizing possibility of a general method of\npreparation via vapor deposition. Despite the importance of this novel class of\namorphous materials, numerical studies have been scarce because achieving\nultrastability in atomistic simulations is an enormous challenge. Here we\nbypass this difficulty and establish that randomly pinning the position of a\nsmall fraction of particles inside an equilibrated supercooled liquid generates\nultrastable configurations at essentially no numerical cost, while avoiding\nundesired structural changes due to the preparation protocol. Building on the\nanalogy with vapor-deposited ultrastable glasses, we study the melting kinetics\nof these configurations following a sudden temperature jump into the liquid\nphase. In homogeneous geometries, we find that enhanced kinetic stability is\naccompanied by large scale dynamic heterogeneity, while a competition between\nhomogeneous and heterogeneous melting is observed when a liquid boundary\ninvades the glass at constant velocity. Our work demonstrates the feasibility\nof large-scale, atomistically resolved, and experimentally relevant simulations\nof the kinetics of ultrastable glasses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multicritical behavior of the fidelity susceptibility for the 2D quantum\n  transverse-field $XY$ model: The two-dimensional quantum $XY$ model with a transverse magnetic field was\ninvestigated with the exact diagonalization method. Upon turning on the\nmagnetic field $h$ and the $XY$-plane anisotropy $\\eta$, there appear a variety\nof phase boundaries, which meet at the multicritical point $(h,\\eta)=(2,0)$. We\ndevote ourselves to the Ising-universality branch, placing an emphasis on the\nmulticritical behavior. As a probe to detect the underlying phase transitions,\nwe adopt the fidelity susceptibility $\\chi_F$. The fidelity susceptibility does\nnot rely on any presumptions as to the order parameter involved. We made a\nfinite-size-scaling analysis of $\\chi_F$ for $\\eta=1$ (Ising limit), where a\nnumber of preceding results are available. Thereby, similar analyses with\n$\\eta$ scaled were carried out around the multicritical point. We found that\nthe $\\chi_F$ data are described by the crossover scaling theory. A comparison\nwith the preceding studies of the multicriticality is made.",
        "positive": "Large momentum part of fermions with large scattering length: It is well known that the momentum distribution of the two-component Fermi\ngas with large scattering length has a tail proportional to $1/k^4$ at large\n$k$. We show that the magnitude of this tail is equal to the adiabatic\nderivative of the energy with respect to the reciprocal of the scattering\nlength, multiplied by a simple constant. This result holds at any temperature\n(as long as the effective interaction radius is negligible) and any large\nscattering length; it also applies to few-body cases. We then show some more\nconnections between the $1/k^4$ tail and various physical quantities, in\nparticular the rate of change of energy in a DYNAMIC sweep of the inverse\nscattering length."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work extraction from microcanonical bath: We determine the maximal work extractable via a cyclic Hamiltonian process\nfrom a positive-temperature ($T>0$) microcanonical state of a $N\\gg 1$ spin\nbath. The work is much smaller than the total energy of the bath, but can be\nstill much larger than the energy of a single bath spin, e.g. it can scale as\n${\\cal O}(\\sqrt{N\\ln N})$. Qualitatively same results are obtained for those\ncases, where the canonical state is unstable (e.g., due to a negative specific\nheat) and the microcanonical state is the only description of equilibrium. For\na system coupled to a microcanonical bath the concept of free energy does {\\it\nnot generally} apply, since such a system|starting from the canonical\nequilibrium density matrix $\\rho_T$ at the bath temperature $T$|can enhance the\nwork extracted from the microcanonical bath without changing its state\n$\\rho_T$. This is impossible for any system coupled to a canonical thermal bath\ndue to the relation between the maximal work and free energy. But the concept\nof free energy still applies for a sufficiently large $T$. Here we find a\ncompact expression for the {\\it microcanonical free-energy} and show that in\ncontrast to the canonical case it contains a {\\it linear entropy} instead of\nthe von Neumann entropy.",
        "positive": "Irreversibility across a nonreciprocal ${\\cal PT}$-symmetry-breaking\n  phase transition: Nonreciprocal interactions are commonplace in continuum-level descriptions of\nboth biological and synthetic active matter, yet studies addressing their\nimplications for time-reversibility have so far been limited to microscopic\nmodels. Here, we derive a general expression for the average rate of\ninformational entropy production in the most generic mixture of conserved phase\nfields with nonreciprocal couplings and additive conservative noise. For the\nparticular case of a binary system with Cahn-Hilliard dynamics augmented by\nnonreciprocal cross-diffusion terms, we observe a non-trivial scaling of the\nentropy production rate across a parity-time symmetry breaking phase\ntransition. We derive a closed-form analytic expression in the weak-noise\nregime for the entropy production rate due to the emergence of a macroscopic\ndynamic phase, showing it can be written in terms of the global polar order\nparameter, a measure of parity-time symmetry breaking."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian motion of fractal particles: Levy flights from white noise: We generalise the Langevin equation with Gaussian white noise by replacing\nthe velocity term by a local fractional derivative. The solution of this\nequation is a Levy process. We further consider the Brownian motion of a\nfractal particle, for example, a colloidal aggregate or a biological molecule\nand argue that it leads to a Levy flight. This effect can also be described\nusing the local fractional Langevin equation. The implications of this\ndevelopment to other complex data series are discussed.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in autonomous reaction-diffusion systems on a\n  one-dimensional lattice with boundaries: The family of autonomous reaction-diffusion models on a one-dimensional\nlattice with boundaries is studied. By autonomous, it is meant that the\nevolution equation for n-point functions contain only n- or less- point\nfunctions. It is shown that these models exhibit a static and a dynamic phase\ntransition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "When correlations exceed system size: finite-size scaling in free\n  boundary conditions above the upper critical dimension: We progress finite-size scaling in systems with free boundary conditions\nabove their upper critical dimension, where in the thermodynamic limit critical\nscaling is described by mean-field theory. Recent works show that the\ncorrelation length is not bound by the system's physical size, a belief that\nlong held sway. Instead, two scaling regimes can be observed -- at the critical\nand pseudo-critical temperatures. We demonstrate that both are manifest for\nfree boundaries. We use numerical simulations of the $d=5$ Ising model to\nanalyse the magnetization, susceptibility, magnetization Fourier modes and the\npartition function zeros. While some of the response functions hide the dual\nfinite-size scaling, the precision enabled by the analysis of Lee-Yang zeros\nallows this be brought to the fore. In particular, finite-size scaling of\nleading zeros at the pseudocritical point confirms recent predictions coming\nfrom correlations exceeding system size. This paper is dedicated to Jaroslav\nIlnytskyi on the occasion of his 60th birthday.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamic gauge fixing and higher order hydrodynamic expansion: Hydrodynamics is a powerful emergent theory for the large-scale behaviours in\nmany-body systems, quantum or classical. It is a gradient series expansion,\nwhere different orders of spatial derivatives provide an effective description\non different length scales. We here report the first general derivation of\nthird-order, or \"dispersive\", terms in the hydrodynamic expansion. We obtain\nfully general Kubo-like expressions for the associated hydrodynamic\ncoefficients, and we determine their expressions in quantum integrable models,\nintroducing in this way purely quantum higher-order terms into generalised\nhydrodynamics. We emphasise the importance of hydrodynamic gauge fixing at\ndiffusive order, where we claim that it is parity-time-reversal, and not\ntime-reversal, invariance that is at the source of Einstein's relation,\nOnsager's reciprocal relations, the Kubo formula and entropy production. At\nhigher hydrodynamic orders we introduce a more general, n-th order \"symmetric\"\ngauge, which we show implies the validity of the higher-order hydrodynamic\ndescription."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interband physics in an ultra-cold Fermi gas in an optical lattice: We study a gas of strongly polarized cold fermions in an optical lattice when\nthe excited p-bands are populated. We derive the relevant Hamiltonian and\ndiscuss the expected phase diagram for both repulsive and attractive\ninteractions. In the parameter regime covered here, checkerboard\nanti-ferromagnetic ordering is found to be possible for repulsive interactions\nwhile for attractive interactions, transitions between different types of\npaired phases are predicted.",
        "positive": "A Numerical Test of a High-Penetrability Approximation for the\n  One-Dimensional Penetrable-Square-Well Model: The one-dimensional penetrable-square-well fluid is studied using both\nanalytical tools and specialized Monte Carlo simulations. The model consists of\na penetrable core characterized by a finite repulsive energy combined with a\nshort-range attractive well. This is a many-body one-dimensional problem,\nlacking an exact analytical solution, for which the usual van Hove theorem on\nthe absence of phase transition does not apply. We determine a\nhigh-penetrability approximation complementing a similar low-penetrability\napproximation presented in previous work. This is shown to be equivalent to the\nusual Debye-H\\\"{u}ckel theory for simple charged fluids for which the virial\nand energy routes are identical. The internal thermodynamic consistency with\nthe compressibility route and the validity of the approximation in describing\nthe radial distribution function is assessed by a comparison against numerical\nsimulations. The Fisher-Widom line separating the oscillatory and monotonic\nlarge-distance behavior of the radial distribution function is computed within\nthe high-penetrability approximation and compared with the opposite regime,\nthus providing a strong indication of the location of the line in all possible\nregimes. The high-penetrability approximation predicts the existence of a\ncritical point and a spinodal line, but this occurs outside the applicability\ndomain of the theory. We investigate the possibility of a fluid-fluid\ntransition by Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo techniques, not finding any evidence\nof such a transition. Additional analytical arguments are given to support this\nclaim. Finally, we find a clustering transition when Ruelle's stability\ncriterion is not fulfilled. The consequences of these findings on the\nthree-dimensional phase diagrams are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interfacial roughening in non-ideal fluids: Dynamic scaling in the weak-\n  and strong-damping regime: Interfacial roughening denotes the nonequilibrium process by which an\ninitially flat interface reaches its equilibrium state, characterized by the\npresence of thermally excited capillary waves. Roughening of fluid interfaces\nhas been first analyzed by Flekkoy and Rothman [Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 260\n(1995)], where the dynamic scaling exponents in the weakly damped case in two\ndimensions were found to agree with the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class.\nWe extend this work by taking into account also the strong-damping regime and\nperform extensive fluctuating hydrodynamics simulations in two dimensions using\nthe Lattice Boltzmann method. We show that the dynamic scaling behavior is\ndifferent in the weakly and strongly damped case.",
        "positive": "Exact form of the Bogoliubov excitations in one-dimensional nonlinear\n  Schr\u00f6dinger equation: In the paper we present the exact solutions of one-dimensional Nonlinear\nSchr\\\"{o}dinger Equation. The solutions correspond to the Bogoliubov\nexcitations in Bose-gas with a local interaction. The obtained expression is\nused for evaluating the transmission coefficient of the excitations across a\ndelta-functional potential barrier."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic time-evolution, information geometry and the Cramer-Rao Bound: We investigate the connection between the time-evolution of averages of\nstochastic quantities and the Fisher information and its induced statistical\nlength. As a consequence of the Cramer-Rao bound, we find that the rate of\nchange of the average of any observable is bounded from above by its variance\ntimes the temporal Fisher information. As a consequence of this bound, we\nobtain a speed limit on the evolution of stochastic observables: Changing the\naverage of an observable requires a minimum amount of time given by the change\nin the average squared, divided by the fluctuations of the observable times the\nthermodynamic cost of the transformation. In particular for relaxation\ndynamics, which do not depend on time explicitly, we show that the Fisher\ninformation is a monotonically decreasing function of time and that this\nminimal required time is determined by the initial preparation of the system.\nWe further show that the monotonicity of the Fisher information can be used to\ndetect hidden variables in the system and demonstrate our findings for simple\nexamples of continuous and discrete random processes.",
        "positive": "Correlations of triggering noise in driven magnetic clusters: We show that the temporal fluctuations $\\Delta H(t)$ of the threshold driving\nfield $H(t)$, which triggers an avalanche in slowly driven disordered\nferromagnets with many domains, exhibit long-range correlations in space and\ntime. The probability distribution of the distance between {\\it successive}\navalanches as well as the distribution of trapping times of domain wall at a\ngiven point in space have fractal properties with the universal scaling\nexponents. We show how these correlations are related to the scaling behavior\nof Barkhausen avalanches occurring by magnetization reversal. We also suggest a\ntransport equation which takes into account the observed noise correlations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical dynamics of a uniaxial and dipolar ferromagnet: We study the critical dynamics of three-dimensional ferromagnets with\nuniaxial anisotropy by taking into account exchange and dipole-dipole\ninteraction. The dynamic spin correlation functions and the transport\ncoefficients are calculated within a mode coupling theory. It is found that the\ncrossover scenario is determined by the subtle interplay between three length\nscales: the correlation length, the dipolar and uniaxial wave vector. We\ncompare our theoretical findings with hyperfine interaction experiments on Gd\nand find quantitative agreement. This analysis allows us to identify the\nuniversality class for Gd. It also turns out that the $\\mu$SR relaxation rate\ncan be best fitted if it is assumed that muons occupy octahedral interstitials\nsites within the Gd lattice.",
        "positive": "Solar cell as self-oscillating heat engine: Solar cells are engines converting energy supplied by the photon flux into\nwork. All known types of macroscopic engines and turbines are also\nself-oscillating systems which yield a periodic motion at the expense of a\nusually non-periodic source of energy. The very definition of work in the\nformalism of quantum open systems suggests the hypothesis that the oscillating\n\"piston\" is a necessary ingredient of the work extraction process. This aspect\nof solar cell operation is absent in the existing descriptions and the main\ngoal of this paper is to show that plasma oscillations provide the physical\nimplementation of a piston."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Langevin equation with fluctuating diffusivity: A generalized Langevin equation with fluctuating diffusivity (GLEFD) is\nproposed, and it is shown that the GLEFD satisfies a generalized\nfluctuation-dissipation relation. If the memory kernel is a power law, the\nGLEFD exhibits anomalous subdiffusion, non-Gaussianity, and\nstretched-exponential relaxation. The case in which the memory kernel is given\nby a single exponential function is also investigated as an analytically\ntractable example. In particular, the mean-square displacement and the\nself-intermediate-scattering function of this system show plateau structures. A\nnumerical scheme to integrate the GLEFD is also presented.",
        "positive": "Kolmogorov complexity as intrinsic entropy of a pure state: Perspective\n  from entanglement in free fermion systems: We consider free fermion systems in arbitrary dimensions and represent the\noccupation pattern of each eigenstate as a classical binary string. We find\nthat the Kolmogorov complexity of the string correctly captures the scaling\nbehavior of its entanglement entropy (EE). In particular, the\nlogarithmically-enhanced area law for EE in the ground state and the volume law\nfor EE in typical highly excited states are reproduced. Since our approach does\nnot require bipartitioning the system, it allows us to distinguish typical and\natypical eigenstates directly by their intrinsic complexity. We reveal that the\nfraction of atypical eigenstates which do not thermalize in the free fermion\nsystem vanishes exponentially in the thermodynamic limit. Our results\nillustrate explicitly the connection between complexity and EE of individual\npure states in quantum systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite temperature dynamics in gapped 1D models in the sine-Gordon\n  family: The sine-Gordon model appears as the low-energy effective field theory of\nvarious one-dimensional gapped quantum systems. Here we investigate the\ndynamics of generic, non-integrable systems belonging to the sine-Gordon family\nat finite temperature within the semiclassical approach. Focusing on time\nscales where the effect of nontrivial quasiparticle scatterings becomes\nrelevant, we obtain universal results for the long-time behavior of dynamical\ncorrelation functions. We find that correlation functions of vertex operators\nbehave neither ballistically nor diffusively but follow a stretched exponential\ndecay in time. We also study the full counting statistics of the topological\ncurrent and find that distribution of the transferred charge is non-Gaussian\nwith its cumulants scaling non-uniformly in time.",
        "positive": "Algorithmic Complexity of Real Financial Markets: A new approach to the understanding of the complex behavior of financial\nmarkets index using tools from thermodynamics and statistical physics is\ndeveloped. Physical complexity, a magnitude rooted in the Kolmogorov-Chaitin\ntheory is applied to binary sequences built up from real time series of\nfinancial markets indices. The study is based on NASDAQ and Mexican IPC data.\nDifferent behaviors of this magnitude are shown when applied to the intervals\nof series placed before crashes and in intervals when no financial turbulence\nis observed. The connection between our results and The Efficient Market\nHypothesis is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Infinite Invariant Density Determines Statistics of Time Averages for\n  Weak Chaos: Weakly chaotic non-linear maps with marginal fixed points have an infinite\ninvariant measure. Time averages of integrable and non-integrable observables\nremain random even in the long time limit. Temporal averages of integrable\nobservables are described by the Aaronson-Darling-Kac theorem. We find the\ndistribution of time averages of non-integrable observables, for example the\ntime average position of the particle. We show how this distribution is related\nto the infinite invariant density. We establish four identities between\namplitude ratios controlling the statistics of the problem.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Speed Limit for Classical Stochastic Processes\": In recent letter [Phys. Rev. Lett {\\bf 121}, 070601 (2018),\narXiv:1802.06554], the speed limit for classical stochastic Markov processes is\nconsidered, and a trade-off inequality between the speed of the state\ntransformation and the entropy production is given. In this comment, a more\naccurate inequality will be presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation rate of the reverse biased asymmetric exclusion process: We compute the exact relaxation rate of the partially asymmetric exclusion\nprocess with open boundaries, with boundary rates opposing the preferred\ndirection of flow in the bulk. This reverse bias introduces a length scale in\nthe system, at which we find a crossover between exponential and algebraic\nrelaxation on the coexistence line. Our results follow from a careful analysis\nof the Bethe ansatz root structure.",
        "positive": "Kibble-Zurek mechanism from different angles: The transverse XY model\n  and subleading scalings: The Kibble-Zurek mechanism describes the saturation of critical scaling upon\ndynamically approaching a phase transition. This is a consequence of the\nbreaking of adiabaticity due to the scale set by the slow drive. By driving the\ngap parameter, this can be used to determine the leading critical exponents.\nBut this is just the `tip of the iceberg': Driving more general couplings\nallows one to activate the entire universal spectrum of critical exponents.\nHere we establish this phenomenon and its observable phenomenology for the\nquantum phase transitions in an analytically solvable minimal model and the\nexperimentally relevant transverse XY model. The excitation density is shown to\nhost the sequence of exponents including the subleading ones in the asymptotic\nscaling behavior by a proper design of the geometry of the driving protocol in\nthe phase diagram. The case of a parallel drive relative to the phase boundary\ncan still lead to the breaking of adiabaticity, and exposes the subleading\nexponents in the clearest way. Complementarily to disclosing universal\ninformation, we extract the restrictions due to the non-universal content of\nthe models onto the extent of the subleading scalings regimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An Extension of the Fluctuation Theorem: Heat fluctuations are studied in a dissipative system with both mechanical\nand stochastic components for a simple model: a Brownian particle dragged\nthrough water by a moving potential. An extended stationary state fluctuation\ntheorem is derived. For infinite time, this reduces to the conventional\nfluctuation theorem only for small fluctuations; for large fluctuations, it\ngives a much larger ratio of the probabilities of the particle to absorb rather\nthan supply heat. This persists for finite times and should be observable in\nexperiments similar to a recent one of Wang et al.",
        "positive": "Microscopic Energy Current Field with Multi--body Force in Hamiltonian\n  System: Microscopic energy current can be derived from microscopic energy field\nlocalized only in particle positions. If the energy current is applied to\nclassical molecular dynamics, it is expected to become a new information.\nHowever, multi-body force except two-body force causes obscurity when\nmulti-body interaction energy is localized. In the present study, our new\nmethod enables to determine the localization of the multi--body interaction\nenergy. We obtain the energy current between particles by the law of the\nmulti--body force corresponding to Newton's third law on two--body force."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rotational invariant estimator for general noisy matrices: We investigate the problem of estimating a given real symmetric signal matrix\n$\\textbf{C}$ from a noisy observation matrix $\\textbf{M}$ in the limit of large\ndimension. We consider the case where the noisy measurement $\\textbf{M}$ comes\neither from an arbitrary additive or multiplicative rotational invariant\nperturbation. We establish, using the Replica method, the asymptotic global law\nestimate for three general classes of noisy matrices, significantly extending\npreviously obtained results. We give exact results concerning the asymptotic\ndeviations (called overlaps) of the perturbed eigenvectors away from the true\nones, and we explain how to use these overlaps to \"clean\" the noisy eigenvalues\nof $\\textbf{M}$. We provide some numerical checks for the different estimators\nproposed in this paper and we also make the connection with some well known\nresults of Bayesian statistics.",
        "positive": "Large deviations and optimal control forces for hard particles in one\n  dimension: We analyse large deviations of the dynamical activity in one-dimensional\nsystems of diffusing hard particles. Using an optimal-control representation of\nthe large-deviation problem, we analyse effective interaction forces which can\nbe added to the system, to aid sampling of biased ensembles of trajectories. We\nfind several distinct regimes, as a function of the activity and the system\nsize: we present approximate analytical calculations that characterise the\neffective interactions in several of these regimes. For high activity the\nsystem is hyperuniform and the interactions are long-ranged and repulsive. For\nlow activity, there is a near-equilibrium regime described by macroscopic\nfluctuation theory, characterised by long-ranged attractive forces. There is\nalso a far-from-equilibrium regime in which one of the interparticle gaps\nbecomes macroscopic and the interactions depend strongly on the size of this\ngap. We discuss the extent to which transition path sampling of these ensembles\nis improved by adding suitable control forces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bifurcations and singularities for coupled oscillators with inertia and\n  frustration: We prove that any non zero inertia, however small, is able to change the\nnature of the synchronization transition in Kuramoto-like models, either from\ncontinuous to discontinuous, or from discontinuous to continuous. This result\nis obtained through an unstable manifold expansion in the spirit of J.D.\nCrawford, which features singularities in the vicinity of the bifurcation. Far\nfrom being unwanted artifacts, these singularities actually control the\nqualitative behavior of the system. Our numerical tests fully support this\npicture.",
        "positive": "Complex Network Structure of Flocks in the Standard Vicsek Model: In flocking models, the collective motion of self-driven individuals leads to\nthe formation of complex spatiotemporal patterns. The Standard Vicsek Model\n(SVM) considers individuals that tend to adopt the direction of movement of\ntheir neighbors under the influence of noise. By performing an extensive\ncomplex network characterization of the structure of SVM flocks, we show that\nflocks are highly clustered, assortative, and non-hierarchical networks with\nshort-tailed degree distributions. Moreover, we also find that the SVM dynamics\nleads to the formation of complex structures with an effective dimension higher\nthan that of the space where the actual displacements take place. Furthermore,\nwe show that these structures are capable of sustaining mean-field-like\norientationally ordered states when the displacements are suppressed, thus\nsuggesting a linkage between the onset of order and the enhanced dimensionality\nof SVM flocks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discrete calculus of variations and Boltzmann distribution without\n  Stirling's approximation: A \\emph{double extrema form} of the calculus of variations is put forward in\nwhich only the smallest one of the finite differences is physically meaningful\nto represent the variational derivatives defined on the discrete points. The\nmost probable distribution for the Boltzmann system is then reproduced without\nthe Stirling's approximation, and free from other theoretical problems.",
        "positive": "Comparison of rigidity and connectivity percolation in two dimensions: Using a recently developed algorithm for generic rigidity of two-dimensional\ngraphs, we analyze rigidity and connectivity percolation transitions in two\ndimensions on lattices of linear size up to L=4096. We compare three different\nuniversality classes: The generic rigidity class; the connectivity class and;\nthe generic ``braced square net''(GBSN). We analyze the spanning cluster\ndensity P_\\infty, the backbone density P_B and the density of dangling ends\nP_D. In the generic rigidity and connectivity cases, the load-carrying\ncomponent of the spanning cluster, the backbone, is fractal at p_c, so that the\nbackbone density behaves as B ~ (p-p_c)^{\\beta'} for p>p_c. We estimate\n\\beta'_{gr} = 0.25 +/- 0.02 for generic rigidity and \\beta'_c = 0.467 +/- 0.007\nfor the connectivity case. We find the correlation length exponents, \\nu_{gr} =\n1.16 +/- 0.03 for generic rigidity compared to the exact value for connectivity\n\\nu_c = 4/3. In contrast the GBSN undergoes a first-order rigidity transition,\nwith the backbone density being extensive at p_c, and undergoing a jump\ndiscontinuity on reducing p across the transition. We define a model which\ntunes continuously between the GBSN and GR classes and show that the GR class\nis typical."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation corrections to Lifshitz tails in disordered systems: Quenched disorder in semiconductors induces localized electronic states at\nthe band edge, which manifest as an exponential tail in the density of states.\nFor large impurity densities, this tail takes a universal Lifshitz form that is\ncharacterized by short-ranged potential fluctuations. We provide both\nanalytical expressions and numerical values for the Lifshitz tail of a\nparabolic conduction band, including its exact fluctuation prefactor. Our\nanalysis is based on a replica field integral approach, where the leading\nexponential scaling of the tail is determined by an instanton profile, and\nfluctuations around the instanton determine the subleading pre-exponential\nfactor. This factor contains the determinant of a fluctuation operator, and we\navoid a full computation of its spectrum by using a Gel'fand-Yaglom formalism,\nwhich provides a concise general derivation of fluctuation corrections in\ndisorder problems. We provide a revised result for the disorder band tail in\ntwo dimensions.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic anomalies in the presence of dissipation: from the free\n  particle to the harmonic oscillator: A free particle coupled to a heat bath can exhibit a number of thermodynamic\nanomalies like a negative specific heat or reentrant classicality. These\nlow-temperature phenomena are expected to be modified at very low temperatures\nwhere finite-size effects associated with the discreteness of the energy\nspectrum become relevant. In this paper, we explore in which form the\nthermodynamic anomalies of the free damped particle appear for a damped\nharmonic oscillator. Since the discreteness of the oscillator's energy spectrum\nis fully accounted for, the results are valid for arbitrary temperatures. As\nexpected, they are in agreement with the third law of thermodynamics and\nindicate how the thermodynamic anomalies of the free damped particle can be\nreconciled with the third law. Particular attention is paid to the transition\nfrom the harmonic oscillator to the free particle when the limit of the\noscillator frequency to zero is taken."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamical Test of Non Extensive Thermostatistics: An ideal mixture of parahydrogen (with nuclear spin K=0) and orthohydrogen\n(with K=1), in statistical weights 1/4 and 3/4, respectively, is used as a test\nground for the existence of non-extensivity in chemical physics. We report on a\nnew bound on the non extensivity parameter q - 1 that characterizes generalized\nthermostatistics a la Tsallis. This bound is obtained on the basis of\nlaboratory measurements of the specific heat of hydrogen. Suggestions are\nadvanced for the performance of improved measurements.",
        "positive": "Frictionless Random Dynamics: Hydrodynamical Formalism: We investigate an undamped random phase-space dynamics in deterministic\nexternal force fields (conservative and magnetic ones). By employing the\nhydrodynamical formalism for those stochastic processes we analyze microscopic\nkinetic-type \"collision invariants\" and their relationship to local\nconservation laws (moment equations) in the fully nonequlibrium context. We\naddress an issue of the continual heat absorption (particles \"energization\") in\nthe course of the process and its possible physical implementations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Critical Phenomenon in Solitonic Ising Chains: We discuss a phase transition of the second order taking place in non-local\n1D Ising chains generated by specific infinite soliton solutions of the KdV and\nBKP equations.",
        "positive": "When the mean is not enough: Calculating fixation time distributions in\n  birth-death processes: Studies of fixation dynamics in Markov processes predominantly focus on the\nmean time to absorption. This may be inadequate if the distribution is broad\nand skewed. We compute the distribution of fixation times in one-step\nbirth-death processes with two absorbing states. These are expressed in terms\nof the spectrum of the process, and we provide different representations as\nforward-only processes in eigenspace. These allow efficient sampling of\nfixation time distributions. As an application we study evolutionary game\ndynamics, where invading mutants can reach fixation or go extinct. We also\nhighlight the median fixation time as a possible analog of mixing times in\nsystems with small mutation rates and no absorbing states, whereas the mean\nfixation time has no such interpretation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase segregation and transport in a two species multi-lane system: We present a two channel driven lattice gas model with oppositely directed\nspecies moving on two parallel lanes with lane switching processes. We study\ncorrelated lane switching mechanism for particles so that switching may occur\nwith finite probability only when oppositely directed species meet on the same\nchannel. The system is analyzed for closed ring with conserved total particle\nnumber. For asymmetric particle exchange between the lanes, the system exhibits\nunique polarization phenomenon with segregation of oppositely directed species\nbetween the two lanes. The polarization phenomenon can be understood as a\nconsequence of existence of an absorbing steady state. For symmetric exchange\nrate of particles between the lanes, the system remains unpolarized, with equal\nparticle density on both the lanes in the thermodynamic limit of large system\nsize. We study the system using a combination of a Mean Field(MF) analysis and\nMonte Carlo simulations. The nature of phase segregation that we see for this\nsystem, is distinct from driven particle systems which are in contact with\nparticle reservoir. The features observed for this minimal model will have\nramifications for biofilament based intracellular transport, wherein cellular\ncargo, e.g; organelles and vesicles are transported by oppositely directed\nparticles on multiple filament tracks.",
        "positive": "Aging and stationary properties of non-equilibrium symmetrical\n  three-state models: We consider a non-equilibrium three-state model whose dynamics is Markovian\nand displays the same symmetry as the three-state Potts model, i.e., the\ntransition rates are invariant under the permutation of the states. Unlike the\nPotts model, detailed balance is in general not satisfied. The aging and the\nstationary properties of the model defined on a square lattice are obtained by\nmeans of large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. We show that the phase diagram\npresents a critical line, belonging to the three-state Potts universality\nclass, that ends at a point whose universality class is that of the voter\nmodel. Aging is considered on the critical line, at the voter point and in the\nferromagnetic phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic derivation of an adiabatic thermodynamic transformation: We obtain macroscopic adiabatic thermodynamic transformations by space-time\nscalings of a microscopic Hamiltonian dynamics subject to random collisions\nwith the environment. The microscopic dynamics is given by a chain of\noscillators subject to a varying tension (external force) and to collisions\nwith external independent particles of \"infinite mass\". The effect of each\ncollision is to change the sign of the velocity without changing the modulus.\nThis way the energy is conserved by the resulting dynamics. After a diffusive\nspace-time scaling and cross-graining, the profiles of volume and energy\nconverge to the solution of a deterministic diffusive system of equations with\nboundary conditions given by the applied tension. This defines an irreversible\nthermodynamic transformation from an initial equilibrium to a new equilibrium\ngiven by the final tension applied. Quasi-static reversible adiabatic\ntransformations are then obtained by a further time scaling. Then we prove that\nthe relations between the limit work, internal energy and thermodynamic entropy\nagree with the first and second principle of thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Cooperative Transport of Brownian Particles: We consider the collective motion of finite-sized, overdamped Brownian\nparticles (e.g., motor proteins) in a periodic potential. Simulations of our\nmodel have revealed a number of novel cooperative transport phenomena,\nincluding (i) the reversal of direction of the net current as the particle\ndensity is increased and (ii) a very strong and complex dependence of the\naverage velocity on both the size and the average distance of the particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Directed flow in non-adiabatic stochastic pumps: We analyze the operation of a molecular machine driven by the non-adiabatic\nvariation of external parameters. We derive a formula for the integrated flow\nfrom one configuration to another, obtain a \"no-pumping theorem\" for cyclic\nprocesses with thermally activated transitions, and show that in the adiabatic\nlimit the pumped current is given by a geometric expression.",
        "positive": "Order-disorder transitions in lattice gases with annealed reactive\n  constraints: We study equilibrium properties of catalytically-activated $A + A \\to\n\\oslash$ reactions taking place on a lattice of adsorption sites. The particles\nundergo continuous exchanges with a reservoir maintained at a constant chemical\npotential $\\mu$ and react when they appear at the neighbouring sites, provided\nthat some reactive conditions are fulfilled. We model the latter in two\ndifferent ways: In the Model I some fraction $p$ of the {\\em bonds} connecting\nneighbouring sites possesses special catalytic properties such that any two\n$A$s appearing on the sites connected by such a bond instantaneously react and\ndesorb. In the Model II some fraction $p$ of the adsorption {\\em sites}\npossesses such properties and neighbouring particles react if at least one of\nthem resides on a catalytic site. For the case of \\textit{annealed} disorder in\nthe distribution of the catalyst, which is tantamount to the situation when the\nreaction may take place at any point on the lattice but happens with a finite\nprobability $p$, we provide an exact solution for both models for the interior\nof an infinitely large Cayley tree - the so-called Bethe lattice. We show that\nboth models exhibit a rich critical behaviour: For the annealed Model I it is\ncharacterised by a transition into an ordered state and a re-entrant transition\ninto a disordered phase, which both are continuous. For the annealed Model II,\nwhich represents a rather exotic model of statistical mechanics in which\ninteractions of any particle with its environment have a peculiar Boolean form,\nthe transition to an ordered state is always continuous, while the re-entrant\ntransition into the disordered phase may be either continuous or discontinuous,\ndepending on the value of $p$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of wave packets for the nonlinear Schroedinger equation with a\n  random potential: The dynamics of an initially localized Anderson mode is studied in the\nframework of the nonlinear Schroedinger equation in the presence of disorder.\nIt is shown that the dynamics can be described in the framework of the\nLiouville operator. An analytical expression for a wave function of the initial\ntime dynamics is found by a perturbation approach. As follows from a\nperturbative solution the initially localized wave function remains localized.\nAt asymptotically large times the dynamics can be described qualitatively in\nthe framework of a phenomenological probabilistic approach by means of a\nprobability distribution function. It is shown that the probability\ndistribution function may be governed by the fractional Fokker-Planck equation\nand corresponds to subdiffusion.",
        "positive": "Driven diffusive system with non-local perturbations: We investigate the impact of non-local perturbations on driven diffusive\nsystems. Two different problems are considered here. In one case, we introduce\na non-local particle conservation along the direction of the drive and in\nanother case, we incorporate a long-range temporal correlation in the noise\npresent in the equation of motion. The effect of these perturbations on the\nanisotropy exponent or on the scaling of the two-point correlation function is\nstudied using renormalization group analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractonic Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition from a\n  renormalization group perspective: Proliferation of defects is a mechanism that allows for topological phase\ntransitions. Such a phase transition is found in two dimensions for the\nXY-model, which lies in the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) universality\nclass. The transition point can be found using renormalization group analysis.\nWe apply renormalization group arguments to determine the nature of BKT\ntransitions for the three-dimensional plaquette-dimer model, which is a model\nthat exhibits fractonic mobility constraints. We show that an important part of\nthis analysis demands a modified dimensional analysis that changes the\ninterpretation of scaling dimensions upon coarse-graining. Using this modified\ndimensional analysis we compute the beta functions of the model and predict a\nfinite critical value above which the fractonic phase melts, proliferating\ndipoles. Importantly, the transition point is found through a renormalization\ngroup analysis that accounts for the phenomenon of UV/IR mixing, characteristic\nof fractonic models.",
        "positive": "Distribution of Fluctuational Paths in Noise-Driven Systems: Dynamics of a system that performs a large fluctuation to a given state is\nessentially deterministic: the distribution of fluctuational paths peaks\nsharply at a certain optimal path along which the system is most likely to\nmove. For the general case of a system driven by colored Gaussian noise, we\nprovide a formulation of the variational problem for optimal paths. We also\nconsider the prehistory problem, which makes it possible to analyze the shape\nof the distribution of fluctuational paths that arrive at a given state. We\nobtain, and solve in the limiting case, a set of linear equations for the\ncharacteristic width of this distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergent rhombus tilings from molecular interactions with $M$-fold\n  rotational symmetry: We show that model molecules with particular rotational symmetries can\nself-assemble into network structures equivalent to rhombus tilings. This\nassembly happens in an emergent way, in the sense that molecules spontaneously\nselect irregular 4-fold local coordination from a larger set of possible local\nbinding geometries. The existence of such networks can be rationalized by\nsimple geometrical arguments, but the same arguments do not guarantee networks'\nspontaneous self-assembly. This class of structures must in certain regimes of\nparameter space be able to reconfigure into networks equivalent to triangular\ntilings.",
        "positive": "Superdiffusion of energy in Hamiltonian systems perturbed by a\n  conservative noise: We review some recent results on the anomalous diffusion of energy in systems\nof 1D coupled oscillators and we revisit the role of momentum conservation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions induced by noise cross-correlations: A general approach to consider spatially extended stochastic systems with\ncorrelations between additive and multiplicative noises subject to nonlinear\ndamping is developed. Within modified cumulant expansion method, we derive an\neffective Fokker-Planck equation whose stationary solutions describe a\ncharacter of ordered state. We find that fluctuation cross-correlations lead to\na symmetry breaking of the distribution function even in the case of the\nzero-dimensional system. In general case, continuous, discontinuous and\nreentrant noise induced phase transitions take place. It is appeared the\ncross-correlations play a role of bias field which can induce a chain of phase\ntransitions being different in nature. Within mean field approach, we give an\nintuitive explanation of the system behavior through an effective potential of\nthermodynamic type. This potential is written in the form of an expansion with\ncoefficients defined by temperature, intensity of spatial coupling, auto- and\ncross-correlation times and intensities of both additive and multiplicative\nnoises.",
        "positive": "Multiple-transit paths and density correlation functions in PASEP: We consider the partially asymmetric simple exclusion process (PASEP) when\nits steady-state probability distribution function can be written in terms of a\nlinear superposition of product measures with a finite number of shocks. In\nthis case the PASEP can be mapped into an equilibrium walk model, defined on a\ndiagonally rotated square lattice, in which each path of the walk model has\nseveral transits with the horizontal axis. We particularly show that the\nmultiple-point density correlation function in the PASEP is related to the\nprobability that a path has multiple contacts with the horizontal axis from the\nabove or below."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dislocation jamming and Andrade creep: We simulate the glide motion of an assembly of interacting dislocations under\nthe action of an external shear stress and show that the associated plastic\ncreep relaxation follows Andrade's law. Our results indicate that Andrade creep\nin plastically deforming crystals involves the correlated motion of dislocation\nstructures near a dynamic transition separating a flowing from a jammed phase.\nSimulations in presence of dislocation multiplication and noise confirm the\nrobustness of this finding and highlight the importance of metastable structure\nformation for the relaxation process.",
        "positive": "Exact results for the first-passage properties in a class of fractal\n  networks: In this work we consider a class of recursively-grown fractal networks\n$G_n(t)$, whose topology is controlled by two integer parameters $t$ and $n$.\nWe first analyse the structural properties of $G_n(t)$ (including fractal\ndimension, modularity and clustering coefficient) and then we move to its\ntransport properties. The latter are studied in terms of first-passage\nquantities (including the mean trapping time, the global mean first-passage\ntime and the Kemeny's constant) and we highlight that their asymptotic behavior\nis controlled by network's size and diameter. Remarkably, if we tune $n$ (or,\nanalogously, $t$) while keeping the network size fixed, as $n$ increases ($t$\ndecreases) the network gets more and more clustered and modular, while its\ndiameter is reduced, implying, ultimately, a better transport performance. The\nconnection between this class of networks and models for polymer architectures\nis also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous time correlation in two-dimensional driven diffusive systems: We study the time correlation function of a density field in two-dimensional\ndriven diffusive systems within the framework of fluctuating hydrodynamics. It\nis found that the time correlation exhibits power-law behavior in an\nintermediate time regime in the case that the fluctuation-dissipation relation\nis violated and that the power-law exponent depends on the extent of this\nviolation. We obtain this result by employing a renormalization group method to\ntreat a logarithmic divergence in time.",
        "positive": "Green-Kubo relation for friction at liquid-solid interfaces: We have developed a Green-Kubo relation that enables accurate calculations of\nfriction at solid-liquid interfaces directly from equilibrium molecular\ndynamics (MD) simulations and that provides a pathway to bypass the time-scale\nlimitations of typical nonequilibrium MD simulations. The theory has been\nvalidated for a number of different interfaces and it is demonstrated that the\nliquid-solid slip is an intrinsic property of an interface. Because of the high\nnumerical efficiency of our method, it can be used in the design of interfaces\nfor applications in aqueous environments, such as nano- and microfluidics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exploring phase transitions by finite-entanglement scaling of MPS in the\n  1D ANNNI model: We use the finite-entanglement scaling of infinite matrix product states\n(iMPS) to explore supposedly infinite order transitions. This universal method\nmay have lower computational costs than finite-size scaling. To this end, we\nstudy possible MPS-based algorithms to find the ground states of the transverse\naxial next-nearest-neighbor Ising (ANNNI) model in a spin chain with first and\nsecond neighbor interactions and frustration. The ground state has four\ndistinct phases with transitions of second order and one of supposedly infinite\norder, the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. To explore phase transitions in the\nmodel, we study general quantities such as the correlation length, entanglement\nentropy and the second derivative of the energy with respect to the external\nfield, and test the finite-entanglement scaling. We propose a scaling ansatz\nfor the correlation length of a non-critical system in order to explore\ninfinite order transitions. This method provides considerably less\ncomputational costs compared to the finite-size scaling method in [8], and\nquantities obtained by applying fixed boundary conditions (such as domain wall\nenergy in [8]) are omitted. The results show good agreement with previous\nstudies of finite-size scaling using DMRG.",
        "positive": "Entanglement entropies of inhomogeneous Luttinger liquids: We develop a general framework to compute the scaling of entanglement entropy\nin inhomogeneous one-dimensional quantum systems belonging to the Luttinger\nliquid universality class. While much insight has been gained in homogeneous\nsystems by making use of conformal field theory techniques, our focus is on\nsystems for which the Luttinger parameter $K$ depends on position, and\nconformal invariance is broken. An important point of our analysis is that\ncontributions stemming from the UV cutoff have to be treated very carefully,\nsince they now depend on position. We show that such terms can be removed\neither by considering regularized entropies specifically designed to do so, or\nby tabulating numerically the cutoff, and reconstructing its contribution to\nthe entropy through the local density approximation. We check our method\nnumerically in the spin-1/2 XXZ spin chain in a spatially varying magnetic\nfield, and find excellent agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum phase transitions in alternating transverse Ising chains: This chapter is devoted to a discussion of quantum phase transitions in\nregularly alternating spin-1/2 Ising chain in a transverse field. After\nrecalling some generally-known topics of the classical (temperature-driven)\nphase transition theory and some basic concepts of the quantum phase transition\ntheory I pass to the statistical mechanics calculations for a one-dimensional\nspin-1/2 Ising model in a transverse field, which is the simplest possible\nsystem exhibiting the continuous quantum phase transition. The essential tool\nfor these calculations is the Jordan-Wigner fermionization. The latter\ntechnique being completed by the continued fraction approach permits to obtain\nanalytically the thermodynamic quantities for a `slightly complicated' model in\nwhich the intersite exchange interactions and on-site fields vary regularly\nalong a chain. Rigorous analytical results for the ground-state and\nthermodynamic quantities, as well as exact numerical data for the spin\ncorrelations computed for long chains (up to a few thousand sites) demonstrate\nhow the regularly alternating bonds/fields effect the quantum phase transition.\nI discuss in detail the case of period 2, swiftly sketch the case of period 3\nand finally summarize emphasizing the effects of periodically modulated\nHamiltonian parameters on quantum phase transitions in the transverse Ising\nchain and in some related models.",
        "positive": "Work probability distribution for a ferromagnet with long-ranged and\n  short-ranged correlations: Work fluctuations and work probability distributions are fundamentally\ndifferent in systems with short- ranged versus long-ranged correlations.\nSpecifically, in systems with long-ranged correlations the work distribution is\nextraordinarily broad compared to systems with shortranged correlations. This\ndifference profoundly affects the possible applicability of fluctuation\ntheorems like the Jarzynski fluctuation theorem. The Heisenberg ferromagnet ,\nwell below its Curie temperature, is a system with long-ranged correlations in\nvery low magnetic fields due to the presence of Goldstone modes. As the\nmagnetic field is increased the correlations gradually become short-ranged.\nHence, such a ferromagnet is an ideal system for elucidating the changes of the\nwork probability distribution as one goes from a domain with long-ranged\ncorrelations to a domain with short-ranged correlations by tuning the magnetic\nfield. A quantitative analysis of this crossover behaviour of the work\nprobability distribution and the associated fluctuations is presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structural and magnetic instabilities of layered magnetic systems: We present a study of the magnetic order and the structural stability of\ntwo-dimensional quantum spin systems in the presence of spin-lattice coupling.\nFor a square lattice it is shown that the plaquette formation is the most\nfavourable form of static two-dimensional dimerization. We also demonstrate\nthat such distortions may coexist with long range magnetic order, in contrast\nto the one-dimensional case. Similarly, the coupling to Einstein phonons is\nfound to reduce, but not to eliminate the staggered magnetic moment. In\naddition, we consider the renormalization of the square lattice phonon spectrum\ndue to spin-phonon coupling in the adiabatic approximation. Towards low\ntemperatures significant softening mainly of zone boundary phonons is found,\nespecially around the $(\\pi,0)$ point of the Brillouin zone. This result is\ncompatible with the tendency to plaquette formation in the static limit. We\nalso point out the importance of a \"magnetic pressure\" on the lattice due to\nspin-phonon coupling. At low temperatures, this results in a tendency towards\nshear instabilities of the lattice.",
        "positive": "Measurement-induced criticality as a data-structure transition: We employ unsupervised learning tools to identify different phases and their\ntransition in quantum systems subject to the combined action of unitary\nevolution and stochastic measurements. Specifically, we consider principal\ncomponent analysis and intrinsic dimension estimation to reveal a\nmeasurement-induced structural transition in the data space. We test our\napproach on a 1+1D stabilizer circuit and find the quantities of interest\nfurnish novel order parameters defined directly in the raw data space. Our\nresults provide a first use of unsupervised tools in dynamical quantum phase\ntransitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical traps in Wang-Landau sampling of continuous systems: Mechanism\n  and solution: We study the mechanism behind dynamical trappings experienced during\nWang-Landau sampling of continuous systems reported by several authors.\nTrapping is caused by the random walker coming close to a local energy\nextremum, although the mechanism is different from that of critical slowing\ndown encountered in conventional molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo simulations.\nWhen trapped, the random walker misses entire or even several stages of\nWang-Landau modification factor reduction, leading to inadequate sampling of\nconfiguration space and a rough density-of-states even though the modification\nfactor has been reduced to very small values. Trapping is dependent on specific\nsystems, the choice of energy bins, and Monte Carlo step size, making it highly\nunpredictable. A general, simple, and effective solution is proposed where the\nconfigurations of multiple parallel Wang-Landau trajectories are inter-swapped\nto prevent trapping. We also explain why swapping frees the random walker from\nsuch traps. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated.",
        "positive": "Large deviations of cascade processes on graphs: Simple models of irreversible dynamical processes such as Bootstrap\nPercolation have been successfully applied to describe cascade processes in a\nlarge variety of different contexts. However, the problem of analyzing\nnon-typical trajectories, which can be crucial for the understanding of the\nout-of-equilibrium phenomena, is still considered to be intractable in most\ncases. Here we introduce an efficient method to find and analyze optimized\ntrajectories of cascade processes. We show that for a wide class of\nirreversible dynamical rules, this problem can be solved efficiently on\nlarge-scale systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Study of the Potts Model on the Honeycomb and Triangular Lattices:\n  Low-Temperature Series and Partition Function Zeros: We present and analyze low-temperature series and complex-temperature\npartition function zeros for the $q$-state Potts model with $q=4$ on the\nhoneycomb lattice and $q=3,4$ on the triangular lattice. A discussion is given\nas to how the locations of the singularities obtained from the series analysis\ncorrelate with the complex-temperature phase boundary. Extending our earlier\nwork, we include a similar discussion for the Potts model with $q=3$ on the\nhoneycomb lattice and with $q=3,4$ on the kagom\\'e lattice.",
        "positive": "True nature of the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency: The Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency has long served as the definite upper bound for\nthe thermal efficiency at maximum output power, and has thus shaped the\ndevelopment of finite-time thermodynamics. In this paper, we repeal the ruling\nconsensus according to which it has a genuine universal character that can be\nderived from linear irreversible thermodynamics. We demonstrate that the\nCurzon-Ahlborn efficiency should instead properly be associated with a\nparticular case of nonlinear heat engines, and we derive a generalized\nexpression for the efficiency at maximum power beyond the restrictive case of\nlinear models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Numerical Study on Aging Dynamics in the 3D Ising Spin Glass\n  Model\": We show that the dynamical behavior of the 3D Ising spin glass with Gaussian\ncouplings is not compatible with a droplet dynamics. We show that this is\nimplied from the data of reference cond-mat/9904143, that, when analyzed in an\naccurate way, give multiple evidences of this fact. Our study is based on the\nanalysis of the overlap-overlap correlation function, at different values of\nthe separation r and of the time t.",
        "positive": "Notes on the Statistical Mechanics of Systems with Long-Range\n  Interactions: Thermodynamic and dynamical properties of systems with long range pairwise\ninteractions (LRI) which decay as 1/r^{d+\\sigma} at large distances r in $d$\ndimensions are reviewed in these Notes. Two broad classes of such systems are\nidentified: (a) systems with a slow decay of the interactions, termed \"strong\"\nLRI, where the energy is super-extensive. These systems are characterized by\nunusual properties such as inequivalence of ensembles, negative specific heat,\nslow decay of correlations and ergodicity breaking. And (b) systems with faster\ndecay of the interaction potential where the energy is additive, thus resulting\nin less dramatic effects. These interaction affect the thermodynamic behavior\nof systems near phase transitions, where long range correlations are naturally\npresent. Long range correlations are often present in systems driven out of\nequilibrium when the dynamics involves conserved quantities. Steady state\nproperties of driven systems are considered within the framework outlined\nabove."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise-induced dynamical phase transitions in long-range systems: In the thermodynamic limit, the time evolution of isolated long-range\ninteracting systems is properly described by the Vlasov equation. This equation\nadmits non-equilibrium dynamically stable stationary solutions characterized by\na zero order parameter. We show that the presence of external noise sources,\nlike for instance a heat bath, can induce at a specific time a dynamical phase\ntransition marked by a non-zero order parameter. This transition corresponds to\na restoring of the full ergodic properties of the system and may be used as a\ndistinctive experimental signature of the existence of non-equilibrium\nVlasov-stable states. In particular, we evidence for the first time a regime\ncharacterized by an order parameter pulse. Our analytical results are\ncorroborated by numerical simulations of a paradigmatic long-range model.",
        "positive": "Structure and dynamics of reentrant nematics: Any open questions after\n  almost 40 years?: Liquid crystals have attracted enormous interest because of the variety of\ntheir phases and richness of their application. The interplay of general\nphysical symmetries and specific molecular features generates a myriad of\ndifferent phenomena. A surprising behavior of liquid crystals is the reentrancy\nof phases as temperature, pressure, or concentration are varied. Here, we\nreview the main experimental facts and the different theoretical scenarios that\nhave guided the understanding of bulk reentrant nematics. Recently, some\ncomputer simulations of a system confined to nanoscopic scales have found new\ndynamical features of the reentrant nematic phase. We discuss this prediction\nin relation with the available experimental evidence on reentrant nematics and\nwith the dynamics of liquids in strongly confined environments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Short-time critical dynamics of the Baxter-Wu model: We study the early time behavior of the Baxter-Wu model, an Ising model with\nthree-spin interactions on a triangular lattice. Our estimates for the dynamic\nexponent $z$ are compatible with results recently obtained for two models which\nbelong to the same universality class of the Baxter-Wu model: the\ntwo-dimensional four-state Potts model and the Ising model with three-spin\ninteractions in one direction. However, our estimates for the dynamic exponent\n$\\theta $ of the Baxter-Wu model are completely different from the values\nobtained for those models. This discrepancy could be related to the absence of\na marginal operator in the Baxter-Wu model.",
        "positive": "Dual lattice functional renormalization group for the\n  Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition: irrelevance of amplitude and\n  out-of-plane fluctuations: We develop a new functional renormalization group (FRG) approach for the\ntwo-dimensional XY-model by combining the lattice FRG proposed by Machado and\nDupuis [Phys. Rev. E 82, 041128 (2010)] with a duality transformation which\nexplicitly introduces vortices via an integer-valued field. We show that the\nhierarchy of FRG flow equations for the infinite set of relevant and marginal\ncouplings of the model can be reduced to the well-known Kosterlitz-Thouless\nrenormalization group equations for the renormalized temperature and the vortex\nfugacity. Within our approach it is straightforward to include weak amplitude\nas well as out-of-plane fluctuations of the spins, which lead to additional\ninteractions between the vortices that do not spoil the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. This demonstrates that previous\nfailures to obtain a line of true fixed points within the FRG are a\nmathematical artifact of insufficient truncation schemes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Flexible Macroscopic Models for Dense-Fluid Shockwaves: Partitioning\n  Heat and Work; Delaying Stress and Heat Flux; Two-Temperature Thermal\n  Relaxation: Macroscopic models which distinguish the longitudinal and transverse\ntemperatures can provide improved descriptions of the microscopic shock\nstructures as revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. Additionally, we can\ninclude three relaxation times in the models, two based on Maxwell's\nviscoelasticity and its Cattaneo-equation analog for heat flow, and a third\nthermal, based on the Krook-Boltzmann equation. This approach can replicate the\nobserved lags of stress (which lags behind the strain rate) and heat flux\n(which lags behind the temperature gradient), as well as the eventual\nequilibration of the two temperatures. For profile stability the time lags\ncannot be too large. By partitioning the longitudinal and transverse\ncontributions of work and heat and including a tensor heat conductivity and\nbulk viscosity, all the qualitative microscopic features of strong simple-fluid\nshockwave structures can be reproduced.",
        "positive": "Dynamic phase transition in the three-dimensional kinetic Ising model in\n  an oscillating field: Using numerical simulations we investigate the properties of the dynamic\nphase transition that is encountered in the three-dimensional Ising model\nsubjected to a periodically oscillating magnetic field. The values of the\ncritical exponents are determined through finite-size scaling. Our results show\nthat the studied non-equilibrium phase transition belongs to the universality\nclass of the equilibrium three-dimensional Ising model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Avoiding Boundary Effects in Wang-Landau Sampling: A simple modification of the ``Wang-Landau sampling'' algorithm removes the\nsystematic error that occurs at the boundary of the range of energy over which\nthe random walk takes place in the original algorithm.",
        "positive": "Discrete Laplacian Thermostat for Spin Systems with Conserved Dynamics: A well-established numerical technique to study the dynamics of spin systems\nin which symmetries and conservation laws play an important role is to\nmicrocanonically integrate their reversible equations of motion, obtaining\nthermalization through initial conditions drawn with the canonical\ndistribution. In order to achieve a more realistic relaxation of the magnetic\nenergy, numerically expensive methods that explicitly couple the spins to the\nunderlying lattice are normally employed. Here we introduce a stochastic\nconservative thermostat that relaxes the magnetic energy while preserving the\nconstant of motions, thus turning microcanonical spin dynamics into a\nconservative canonical dynamics, without actually simulating the lattice. We\ntest the thermostat on the Heisenberg antiferromagnet in d=3 and show that the\nmethod reproduces the exact values of the static and dynamic critical\nexponents, while in the low-temperature phase it yields the correct spin wave\nphenomenology. Finally, we demonstrate that the relaxation coefficient of the\nnew thermostat is quantitatively connected to the microscopic parameters of the\nspin-lattice coupling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal covariance formula for linear statistics on random matrices: We derive an analytical formula for the covariance $\\mathrm{Cov}(A,B)$ of two\nsmooth linear statistics $A=\\sum_i a(\\lambda_i)$ and $B=\\sum_i b(\\lambda_i)$ to\nleading order for $N\\to\\infty$, where $\\{\\lambda_i\\}$ are the $N$ real\neigenvalues of a general one-cut random-matrix model with Dyson index $\\beta$.\nThe formula, carrying the universal $1/\\beta$ prefactor, depends on the\nrandom-matrix ensemble only through the edge points $[\\lambda_-,\\lambda_+]$ of\nthe limiting spectral density. For $A=B$, we recover in some special cases the\nclassical variance formulas by Beenakker and Dyson-Mehta, clarifying the\nrespective ranges of applicability. Some choices of $a(x)$ and $b(x)$ lead to a\nstriking \\emph{decorrelation} of the corresponding linear statistics. We\nprovide two applications - the joint statistics of conductance and shot noise\nin ideal chaotic cavities, and some new fluctuation relations for traces of\npowers of random matrices.",
        "positive": "Revisiting Kawasaki dynamics in one dimension: Critical exponents of the Kawasaki dynamics in the Ising chain are\nre-examined numerically through the spectrum gap of evolution operators\nconstructed both in spin and domain wall representations. At low temperature\nregimes the latter provides a rapid finite-size convergence to these exponents,\nwhich tend to $z \\simeq 3.11$ for instant quenches under ferromagnetic\ncouplings, while approaching to $z \\simeq 2$ in the antiferro case. The spin\nrepresentation complements the evaluation of dynamic exponents at higher\ntemperature scales, where the kinetics still remains slow."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic limits for optomechanical systems with conservative\n  potentials: The mechanical force from light -- radiation pressure -- provides an\nintrinsic nonlinear interaction. Consequently, optomechanical systems near\ntheir steady state, such as the canonical optical spring, can display\nnon-analytic behavior as a function of external parameters. This\nnon-analyticity, a key feature of thermodynamic phase transitions, suggests\nthat there could be an effective thermodynamic description of optomechanical\nsystems. Here we explicitly define the thermodynamic limit for optomechanical\nsystems and derive a set of sufficient constraints on the system parameters as\nthe mechanical system grows large. As an example, we show how these constraints\ncan be satisfied in a system with $\\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry and derive a free\nenergy, allowing us to characterize this as an equilibrium phase transition.",
        "positive": "Monotonicity in the averaging process: We investigate an averaging process that describes how interacting agents\napproach consensus through binary interactions. In each elementary step, two\nagents are selected at random and they reach compromise by adopting their\nopinion average. We show that the fraction of agents with a monotonically\ndecreasing opinion decays as $e^{-\\alpha t}$, and that the exponent\n$\\alpha=\\tfrac{1}{2}-\\tfrac{1+\\ln \\ln 2}{4\\ln 2}$ is selected as the extremum\nfrom a continuous spectrum of possible values. The opinion distribution of\nmonotonic agents is asymmetric, and it becomes self-similar at large times.\nFurthermore, the tails of the opinion distribution are algebraic, and they are\ncharacterized by two distinct and nontrivial exponents. We also explore\nstatistical properties of agents with an opinion strictly above average."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density fluctuations and entropy: A new functional for the entropy that is asymptotically correct both in the\nhigh and low density limits is proposed. The new form is [\nS=S^{(id)}+S^{(ln)}+S^{(r)}+S^{(c)} ] where the new term S^{(c)} depends on the\np-bodies density fluctuations $\\alpha_p$ and has the form [ S^{(c)}= <N> {ln\n2-1+\\sum_{p=2}^\\infty \\frac{(\\ln 2) ^p}{p!}\\alpha_p-[ \\exp\n(\\alpha_2-1)-\\alpha_2]} +\\hat S ], where $\\hat S$ renormalizes the ring\napproximation S^{(r)}. This result is obtained by analyzing the functional\ndependence of the most general expression of the entropy: Two main results for\nS^{(c)} are proven: i) In the thermodynamic limit, only the functional\ndependence on the one body distribution function survives and ii) by summing to\ninfinite order the leading contributions in the density a new numerical\nexpression for the entropy is proposed with a new renormalized ring\napproximation included. The relationship of these results to the incompressible\napproximation to entropy is discussed.",
        "positive": "Irregular model DNA particles self-assemble into a regular structure: DNA nanoparticles with three-fold coordination have been observed to\nself-assemble in experiment into a network equivalent to the hexagonal (6.6.6)\ntiling, and a network equivalent to the 4.8.8 Archimedean tiling. Both networks\nare built from a single type of vertex. Here we use analytic theory and\nequilibrium and dynamic simulation to show that a model particle, whose\nrotational properties lie between those those of the vertices of the 6.6.6 and\n4.8.8 networks, can self-assemble into a network built from three types of\nvertex. Important in forming this network is the ability of the particle to\nrotate when bound, thereby allowing the formation of more than one type of\nbinding motif. The network in question is equivalent to a false tiling, a\nperiodic structure built from irregular polygons, and possesses 40 particles in\nits unit cell. The emergence of this complex structure, whose symmetry\nproperties are not obviously related to those of its constituent particles,\nhighlights the potential for creating new structures from simple variants of\nexisting nanoparticles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerically Probing the Universal Operator Growth Hypothesis: Recently, a hypothesis on the complexity growth of unitarily evolving\noperators was presented. This hypothesis states that in generic, non-integrable\nmany-body systems the so-called Lanczos coefficients associated with an\nautocorrelation function grow asymptotically linear, with a logarithmic\ncorrection in one-dimensional systems. In contrast, the growth is expected to\nbe slower in integrable or free models. In the paper at hand, we numerically\ntest this hypothesis for a variety of exemplary systems, including 1d and 2d\nIsing models as well as 1d Heisenberg models. While we find the hypothesis to\nbe practically fulfilled for all considered Ising models, the onset of the\nhypothesized universal behavior could not be observed in the attainable\nnumerical data for the Heisenberg model. The proposed linear bound on operator\ngrowth eventually stems from geometric arguments involving the locality of the\nHamiltonian as well as the lattice configuration. We investigate such a\ngeometric bound and find that it is not sharply achieved for any considered\nmodel.",
        "positive": "Time-Dependent Variational Approach to Bose-Einstein Condensation: We discuss the mean-field approximation for a trapped weakly-interacting\nBose-Einstein condensate (BEC) and its connection with the exact many-body\nproblem by deriving the Gross-Pitaevskii action of the condensate. The\nmechanics of the BEC in a harmonic potential is studied by using a variational\napproach with time-dependent Gaussian trial wave-functions. In particular, we\nanalyze the static configurations, the stability and the collective\noscillations for both ground-state and vortices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Near universal values of social inequality indices in self-organized\n  critical models: We have studied few social inequality measures associated with the\nsub-critical dynamical features (measured in terms of the avalanche size\ndistributions) of four self-organized critical models while the corresponding\nsystems approach their respective stationary critical states. It has been\nobserved that these inequality measures (specifically the Gini and Kolkata\nindices) exhibit nearly universal values though the models studied here are\nwidely different, namely the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld sandpile, the Manna sandpile\nand the quenched Edwards-Wilkinson interface, and the fiber bundle interface.\nThese observations suggest that the self-organized critical systems have broad\nsimilarity in terms of these inequality measures. A comparison with similar\nearlier observations in the data of socio-economic systems with unrestricted\ncompetitions suggest the emergent inequality as a result of the possible\nproximity to the self-organized critical states.",
        "positive": "Operator spreading in quantum hardcore gases: In this article we study a set of integrable quantum cellular automata,the\nquantum hardcore gases (QHCG), with an arbitrary local Hilbert space dimension,\nand discuss the matrix product ansatz based approach for solving the dynamics\nof local operators analytically. Subsequently, we focus on the dynamics of\noperator spreading, in particular on the out-of-time ordered correlation\nfunctions (OTOCs), operator weight spreading and operators space entanglement\nentropy (OSEE). All of the quantities were conjectured to provide signifying\nfeatures of integrable systems and quantum chaos. We show that in QHCG OTOCs\nspread diffusively and that in the limit of the large local Hilbert space\ndimension they increase linearly with time, despite their integrability. On the\nother hand, it was recently conjectured that operator weight front, which is\nassociated with the extent of operators, spreads diffusively in both,\nintegrable and generic systems, but its decay seems to differ in these two\ncases. We observe that the spreading of the operator weight front in QHCG is\nmarkedly different from chaotic, generic integrable and free systems, as the\nfront freezes in the long time limit. Finally, we discuss the OSEE in QHCG and\nshow that it grows at most logarithmically with time in accordance with the\nconjectured behaviour for interacting integrable systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Active stop and go motion: a strategy to improve spatial exploration?: We consider active Brownian particles switching between run and stop states.\nSuch intermittent dynamics are ubiquitous at all scales, from bacteria to\nanimals and in artificial active systems. We provide exact solutions for their\ntransport properties, e.g., velocity autocorrelations and diffusion\ncoefficients. The spread of particles depends on minute details, such as if the\nmemory of active orientation is retained across a stop event. We predict\ndynamic schemes maximizing the effective diffusivity, potentially utilized by\nactive agents for better access to distributed food.",
        "positive": "Effect of correlated noise on quasi-1D diffusion: Single-file diffusion (SFD) of an infinite one-dimensional chain of\ninteracting particles has a long-time mean-square displacement (MSD) ~t^1/2,\nindependent of the type of inter-particle repulsive interaction. This behavior\nis also observed in finite-size chains, although only for certain intervals of\ntime t depending on the chain length L, followed by the ~t for t->infinity, as\nwe demonstrate for a closed circular chain of diffusing interacting particles.\nHere we show that spatial correlation of noise slows down SFD and can result,\ndepending on the amount of correlated noise, in either subdiffusive behavior\n~t^alpha, where 0<alpha<1/2, or even in a total suppression of diffusion (in\nthe limit N-> infinity). Spatial correlation can explain the subdiffusive\nbehavior in recent SFD experiments in circular channels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heteronuclear fermionic superfluids with spin degrees of freedom: We present a theory of spinor superfluidity in a two-species heteronuclear\nultracold fermionic atomic gas consisting of arbitrary half-integer spin and\none-half spin atoms. In particular, we focus on the magnetism of the superfluid\nphase and determine the possible phases in the absence of a magnetic field. Our\nwork demonstrates similarities between heteronuclear fermionic superfluids and\nspinor Bose-Einstein condensates at the mean-field level. Possible experimental\nsituations are discussed.",
        "positive": "Harmonic oscillators from displacement operators and thermodynamics: In this investigation, the displacement operator is revisited. We established\na connection between the Hermitian version of this operator with the well-known\nWeyl ordering. Besides, we characterized the quantum properties of a simple\ndisplaced harmonic oscillator, as well as of a displaced anisotropic\ntwo-dimensional non-Hermitian harmonic oscillator. By constructing the\npartition functions for both harmonic oscillators, we were able to derive\nseveral thermodynamic quantities from their energy spectra. The features of\nthese quantities were depicted and analyzed in details."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation and Metastability in the 2D Potts Model: For the first order transition of the Ising model below $T_c$, Isakov has\nproven that the free energy possesses an essential singularity in the applied\nfield. Such a singularity in the control parameter, anticipated by condensation\ntheory, is believed to be a generic feature of first order transitions, but too\nweak to be observable. We study these issues for the temperature driven\ntransition of the $q$ states 2D Potts model at $q>q_c=4$. Adapting the droplet\nmodel to this case, we relate its parameters to the critical properties at\n$q_c$ and confront the free energy to the many informations brought by previous\nworks. The essential singularity predicted at the transition temperature leads\nto observable effects in numerical data. On a finite lattice, a metastability\ndomain of temperatures is identified, which shrinks to zero in the\nthermodynamical limit. ~",
        "positive": "Shape-dependent motility of polar inclusions in active baths: Collections of persistently moving active particles are an example of a\nnonequilibrium heat bath. One way to study the nature of nonequilibrium\nfluctuations in such systems is to follow the dynamics of an embedded probe\nparticle. With this aim, we study the dynamics of an anisotropic inclusion\nembedded in a bath of active particles. By studying various statistical\ncorrelation functions of the dynamics, we show that the emergent motility of\nthis inclusion depends on its shape as well as the properties of the active\nbath. We demonstrate that both the decorrelation time of the net force on the\ninclusion and the dwell time of bath particles in a geometrical trap on the\ninclusion have a non-monotonic dependence on its shape. We also find that the\nmotility of the inclusion is optimal when the volume fraction of the active\nbath is close to the value for the onset of motility induced phase separation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An empirical test for cellular automaton models of traffic flow: Based on a detailed microscopic test scenario motivated by recent empirical\nstudies of single-vehicle data, several cellular automaton models for traffic\nflow are compared. We find three levels of agreement with the empirical data:\n1) models that do not reproduce even qualitatively the most important empirical\nobservations,\n  2) models that are on a macroscopic level in reasonable agreement with the\nempirics, and 3) models that reproduce the empirical data on a microscopic\nlevel as well.\n  Our results are not only relevant for applications, but also shed new light\non the relevant interactions in traffic flow.",
        "positive": "Vibrational Contribution to Density and Current Autocorrelations in a\n  Monatomic Liquid: We consider for a monatomic liquid the density and current autocorrelation\nfunctions from the point of view of the Vibration-Transit (V-T) theory of\nliquid dynamics. We also consider their Fourier transforms, one of which is\nmeasured by X-ray and neutron scattering. In this description, the motion of\natoms in the liquid is divided into vibrations in a single characteristic\npotential valley, called a random valley, and nearly-instantaneous transitions\ncalled transits between valleys. The theory proposes a Hamiltonian for the\nvibrational motion, to be corrected to take transits into account; this\nHamiltonian is used to calculate the autocorrelation functions, giving what we\ncall their vibrational contributions. We discuss the multimode expansions of\nthe autocorrelation functions, which provide a physically helpful picture of\nthe decay of fluctuations in terms of n-mode scattering processes; we also note\nthat the calculation and Fourier transform of the multimode series are\nnumerically problematic, as successive terms require larger sums and carry\nhigher powers of the temperature, which is a concern for the liquid whose\ntemperature is bounded from below by melt. We suggest that these problems are\navoided by directly computing the autocorrelation functions, for which we\nprovide straightforward formulas, and Fourier transforming them numerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum, Multi-Body Effects and Nuclear Reaction Rates in Plasmas: Detailed calculations of the contribution from off-shell effects to the\nquasiclassical tunneling of fusing particles are provided. It is shown that\nthese effects change the Gamow rates of certain nuclear reactions in dense\nplasma by several orders of magnitude.",
        "positive": "Optimal driving protocols for nano-sized devices and their dependence on\n  couplings to reservoirs: The development of efficient artificial nanodevices poses challenges which\nare of fundamental and technological nature. Recent progress has been made in\nthe context of finite-time thermodynamics. A central question in finite-time\nthermodynamics is to identify the optimal procedure to extract the greatest\namount of work from a system operating under well-defined constraints. For\nexternally controlled small systems, the optimal driving protocol maximizes the\nmean work spend in a finite-time transition between two given system states.\nFor simplicity we consider an externally controlled single level system, which\nis embedded in a thermal environment and coupled to a particle reservoir. The\noptimal protocols are calculated from a master equation approach for different\nsystem-reservoir couplings. For open systems, the system-reservoir couplings\nare shown to have a striking influence on the optimal driving setup. We point\nout that the optimal protocols have discontinuous jumps at the initial and\nfinal times. Finally, this work provides a first attempt to extend these\ncalculations to larger system sizes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Degeneracy of Spin Ice Graphs, and its Estimate via the Bethe\n  Permanent: The concept of spin ice can be extended to a general graph. We study the\ndegeneracy of spin ice graph on arbitrary interaction structures via graph\ntheory. Via the mapping of spin ices to the Ising model, we clarify whether the\ninverse mapping is possible via a modified Krausz construction. From the gauge\nfreedom of frustrated Ising systems, we derive exact, general results about\nfrustration and degeneracy. We demonstrate for the first time that every spin\nice graph, with the exception of the 1D Ising model, is degenerate. We then\nstudy how degeneracy scales in size, using the mapping between Eulerian trails\nand spin ice manifolds, and a permanental identity for the number of Eulerian\norientations. We show that the Bethe permanent technique provides both an\nestimate and a lower bound to the frustration of spin ices on arbitrary graphs\nof even degree. While such technique can be used also to obtain an upper bound,\nwe find that in all the examples we studied but one, another upper bound based\non Schrijver inequality is tighter.",
        "positive": "Generalized Fluctuation Theory based on the reparametrization invariance\n  of the microcanonical ensemble: The main interest of the present work is the generalization of the\nBoltzmann-Gibbs distributions and the fluctuation theory based on the\nconsideration of the reparametrization invariance of the microcanonical\nensemble. This approach allows a novel interpretation of some anomalous\nphenomena observed in the non extensive systems like the existence of the\nnegative specific heats as well as possibilities the enhancing of some Monte\nCarlo methods based on the Statistical Mechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quadratic stochastic Euclidean bipartite matching problem: We propose a new approach for the study of the quadratic stochastic Euclidean\nbipartite matching problem between two sets of $N$ points each, $N\\gg 1$. The\npoints are supposed independently randomly generated on a domain\n$\\Omega\\subset\\mathbb R^d$ with a given distribution $\\rho(\\mathbf x)$ on\n$\\Omega$. In particular, we derive a general expression for the correlation\nfunction and for the average optimal cost of the optimal matching. A previous\nansatz for the matching problem on the flat hypertorus is obtained as\nparticular case.",
        "positive": "Relaxation phenomena at criticality: The collective behaviour of statistical systems close to critical points is\ncharacterized by an extremely slow dynamics which, in the thermodynamic limit,\neventually prevents them from relaxing to an equilibrium state after a change\nin the thermodynamic control parameters. The non-equilibrium evolution\nfollowing this change displays some of the features typically observed in\nglassy materials, such as ageing, and it can be monitored via dynamic\nsusceptibilities and correlation functions of the order parameter, the scaling\nbehaviour of which is characterized by universal exponents, scaling functions,\nand amplitude ratios. This universality allows one to calculate these\nquantities in suitable simplified models and field-theoretical methods are a\nnatural and viable approach for this analysis. In addition, if a statistical\nsystem is spatially confined, universal Casimir-like forces acting on the\nconfining surfaces emerge and they build up in time when the temperature of the\nsystem is tuned to its critical value. We review here some of the theoretical\nresults that have been obtained in recent years for universal quantities, such\nas the fluctuation-dissipation ratio, associated with the non-equilibrium\ncritical dynamics, with particular focus on the Ising model with Glauber\ndynamics in the bulk. The non-equilibrium dynamics of the Casimir force acting\nin a film is discussed within the Gaussian model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Exponents of the KPZ Equation via Multi-Surface Coding\n  Numerical Simulations: We study the KPZ equation (in D = 2, 3 and 4 spatial dimensions) by using a\nRSOS discretization of the surface. We measure the critical exponents very\nprecisely, and we show that the rational guess is not appropriate, and that 4D\nis not the upper critical dimension. We are also able to determine very\nprecisely the exponent of the sub-leading scaling corrections, that turns out\nto be close to 1 in all cases. We introduce and use a {\\em multi-surface\ncoding} technique, that allow a gain of order 30 over usual numerical\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Multiple metastable states in an off-lattice Potts model: The interactions between a group of components are commonly studied in\nseveral areas of science (social science, biology, material science, complex\ndynamical systems, among others) using the methods of thermodynamics and\nstatistical mechanics. In this work we study the properties of the recently\nproposed off-lattice, two-dimensional Potts model [Eur. Phys. J. B 87, 78\n(2014)], originally motivated by the dynamics of agent opinions, and which is\ndescribed by a Hamiltonian obtained by a maximum entropy inference procedure.\nWe performed microcanonical and canonical Monte Carlo simulations of the\nfirst-order phase transition in the model, revealing a caloric curve with\nmetastable regions. Furthermore, we report a \"switching\" behavior between\nmultiple metastable states. We also note that the thermodynamics of the model\nhas striking similarities with systems having long-range interactions, even\nthough the interactions are short-ranged."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Additive noise effects in active nonlinear spatially extended systems: We examine the effects of pure additive noise on spatially extended systems\nwith quadratic nonlinearities. We develop a general multiscale theory for such\nsystems and apply it to the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation as a case study. We\nfirst focus on a regime close to the instability onset (primary bifurcation),\nwhere the system can be described by a single dominant mode. We show\nanalytically that the resulting noise in the equation describing the amplitude\nof the dominant mode largely depends on the nature of the stochastic forcing.\nFor a highly degenerate noise, in the sense that it is acting on the first\nstable mode only, the amplitude equation is dominated by a pure multiplicative\nnoise, which in turn induces the dominant mode to undergo several critical\nstate transitions and complex phenomena, including intermittency and\nstabilisation, as the noise strength is increased. The intermittent behaviour\nis characterised by a power-law probability density and the corresponding\ncritical exponent is calculated rigorously by making use of the first-passage\nproperties of the amplitude equation. On the other hand, when the noise is\nacting on the whole subspace of stable modes, the multiplicative noise is\ncorrected by an additive-like term, with the eventual loss of any stabilised\nstate. We also show that the stochastic forcing has no effect on the dominant\nmode dynamics when it is acting on the second stable mode. Finally, in a regime\nwhich is relatively far from the instability onset, so that there are two\nunstable modes, we observe numerically that when the noise is acting on the\nfirst stable mode, both dominant modes show noise-induced complex phenomena\nsimilar to the single-mode case.",
        "positive": "A simplified characteristic functions of quantum heat: This paper presents a simplified structure of the characteristic function of\nthe distribution of energy changes in a bosonic environment interacting\nlinearly with a quantum system. This characteristic function of quantum heat\ncan be expressed using the same functionals (Feynman-Vernon action) as for the\nquantum state, with only the cross-terms in the double path integral shifted in\ntime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality classes of spin transport in one-dimensional isotropic\n  magnets: the onset of logarithmic anomalies: We report a systematic study of finite-temperature spin transport in quantum\nand classical one-dimensional magnets with isotropic spin interactions,\nincluding both integrable and non-integrable models. Employing a\nphenomenological framework based on a generalized Burgers' equation in a\ntime-dependent stochastic environment, we identify four different universality\nclasses of spin fluctuations. These comprise, aside from normal spin diffusion,\nthree types of superdiffusive transport: the KPZ universality class and two\ndistinct types of anomalous diffusion with multiplicative logarithmic\ncorrections. Our predictions are supported by extensive numerical simulations\non various examples of quantum and classical chains. Contrary to common belief,\nwe demonstrate that even non-integrable spin chains can display a diverging\nspin diffusion constant at finite temperatures.",
        "positive": "The Functional Integration and the Two-Point Correlation Function of the\n  One-Dimensional Bose Gas in the Harmonic Potential: A quantum field-theoretical model which describes spatially non-homogeneous\none-dimensional non-relativistic repulsive Bose gas in an external harmonic\npotential is considered. We calculate the two-point thermal correlation\nfunction of the Bose gas in the framework of the functional integration\napproach. The calculations are done in the coordinate representation. A method\nof successive integration over the ``high-energy'' functional variables first\nand then over the ``low-energy'' ones is used. The effective action functional\nfor the low-energy variables is calculated in one loop approximation. The\nfunctional integral representation for the correlation function is obtained in\nterms of the low-energy variables, and is estimated by means of the stationary\nphase approximation. The asymptotics of the correlation function is studied in\nthe limit when the temperature is going to zero while the volume occupied by\nnon-homogeneous Bose gas infinitely increases. It is demonstrated that the\nbehaviour of the thermal correlation function in the limit described is\npower-like, and it is governed by the critical exponent which depends on the\nspatial and thermal arguments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"High Precision Measurement of the Thermal Exponent for the\n  three-dimensional XY Universality Class\": A recent paper [Burovski et al., cond-mat/0507352] reports on a new,\nhigh-accuracy simulation of the classical phi^4 model (in the three-dimensional\nXY universality class). The authors claim that a careful scaling analysis of\ntheir data gives nu = 0.6711(1) for the thermal critical exponent. If correct,\nthis would neatly resolve the discrepancy between numerical simulations and\nexperiments on 4He. There is reason, however, to doubt the accuracy of the\nresult. A re-analysis of the data yields a significantly higher value of nu,\none that is consistent with other Monte Carlo studies.",
        "positive": "Microcanonical foundation of nonextensivity and generalized\n  thermostatistics based on the fractality of the phase space: We develop a generalized theory of (meta)equilibrium statistical mechanics in\nthe thermodynamic limit valid for both smooth and fractal phase spaces. In the\nformer case, our approach leads naturally to Boltzmann-Gibbs standard\nthermostatistics while, in the latter, Tsallis thermostatistics is\nstraightforwardly obtained as the most appropriate formalism. We first focus on\nthe microcanonical ensemble stressing the importance of the limit $t \\to\n\\infty$ on the form of the microcanonical measure. Interestingly, this approach\nleads to interpret the entropic index $q$ as the box-counting dimension of the\n(microcanonical) phase space when fractality is considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian forgery of statistical dependences: The balance held by Brownian motion between temporal regularity and\nrandomness is embodied in a remarkable way by Levy's forgery of continuous\nfunctions. Here we describe how this property can be extended to forge\narbitrary dependences between two statistical systems, and then establish a new\nBrownian independence test based on fluctuating random paths. We also argue\nthat this result allows revisiting the theory of Brownian covariance from a\nphysical perspective and opens the possibility of engineering nonlinear\ncorrelation measures from more general functional integrals.",
        "positive": "Record Ages of Scale Invariant non-Markovian Random Walks: How long is needed for an observable to exceed its previous highest value and\nestablish a new record? This time, known as the age of a record plays a crucial\nrole in quantifying record statistics. Until now, general methods for\ndetermining record age statistics have been limited to observations of either\nindependent random variables or successive positions of a Markovian\n(memoryless) random walk. Here we develop a theoretical framework to determine\nrecord age statistics in the presence of memory effects for continuous\nnon-smooth processes that are asymptotically scale-invariant. Our theoretical\npredictions are confirmed by numerical simulations and experimental\nrealizations of diverse representative non-Markovian random walk models and\nreal time series with memory effects, in fields as diverse as genomics,\nclimatology, hydrology, geology and computer science. Our results reveal the\ncrucial role of the number of records already achieved in time series and\nchange our view on analysing record statistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical arrest and replica symmetry breaking in attractive colloids: Within the Replica Symmetry Breaking (RSB) framework developed by M.Mezard\nand G.Parisi we investigate the occurrence of structural glass transitions in a\nmodel of fluid characterized by hard sphere repulsion together with short range\nattraction. This model is appropriate for the description of a class of\ncolloidal suspensions. The transition line in the density-temperature plane\ndisplays a reentrant behavior, in agreement with Mode Coupling Theory (MCT), a\ndynamical approach based on the Mori-Zwanzig formalism. Quantitative\ndifferences are however found, together with the absence of the predicted\nglass-glass transition at high density. We also perform a systematic study of\nthe pure hard sphere fluid in order to ascertain the accuracy of the adopted\nmethod and the convergence of the numerical procedure.",
        "positive": "Stress Propagation in Sand: We describe a new continuum approach to the modelling of stress propagation\nin static granular media, focussing on the conical sandpile created from a\npoint source. We argue that the stress continuity equations should be closed by\nmeans of scale-free, local constitutive relations between different components\nof the stress tensor, encoding the construction history of the pile: this\nhistory determines the organization of the grains, and thereby the local\nrelationship between stresses. Our preferred model FPA (Fixed Principle Axes)\nassumes that the eigendirections (but not the eigenvalues) of the stress tensor\nare determined forever when a material element is first buried. Stresses\npropagate along a nested set of archlike structures within the medium; the\nresults are in good quantitative agreement with published experimental data.\nThe FPA model is one of a larger class, called OSL (Oriented Stress Linearity)\nmodels, in which the direction of the characteristics for stress propagation\nare fixed at burial. We speculate on the connection between these\ncharacteristics and the stress paths observed microscopically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extended Universality of the Surface Curvature in Equilibrium Crystal\n  Shapes: We investigate the universal property of curvatures in surface models which\ndisplay a flat phase and a rough phase whose criticality is described by the\nGaussian model. Earlier we derived a relation between the Hessian of the free\nenergy and the Gaussian coupling constant in the six-vertex model. Here we show\nits validity in a general setting using renormalization group arguments. The\ngeneral validity of the relation is confirmed numerically in the RSOS model by\ncomparing the Hessian of the free energy and the Gaussian coupling constant in\na transfer matrix finite-size-scaling study. The Hessian relation gives clear\nunderstanding of the universal curvature jump at roughening transitions and\nfacet edges and also provides an efficient way of locating the phase\nboundaries.",
        "positive": "Quantum contact process: The contact process is a paradigmatic classical stochastic system displaying\ncritical behavior even in one dimension. It features a non-equilibrium phase\ntransition into an absorbing state that has been widely investigated and shown\nto belong to the directed percolation universality class. When the same process\nis considered in a quantum setting much less is known. So far mainly\nsemi-classical studies have been conducted and the nature of the transition in\nlow dimensions is still a matter of debate. Also from a numerical point of\nview, from which the system may look fairly simple --- especially in one\ndimension --- results are lacking. In particular the presence of the absorbing\nstate poses a substantial challenge which appears to affect the reliability of\nalgorithms targeting directly the steady-state. Here we perform real-time\nnumerical simulations of the open dynamics of the quantum contact process and\nshed light on the existence and on the nature of an absorbing state phase\ntransition in one dimension. We find evidence for the transition being\ncontinuous and provide first estimates for the critical exponents. Beyond the\nconceptual interest, the simplicity of the quantum contact process makes it an\nideal benchmark problem for scrutinizing numerical methods for open quantum\nnon-equilibrium systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase fluctuations in the ABC model: We analyze the fluctuations of the steady state profiles in the modulated\nphase of the ABC model. For a system of $L$ sites, the steady state profiles\nmove on a microscopic time scale of order $L^3$. The variance of their\ndisplacement is computed in terms of the macroscopic steady state profiles by\nusing fluctuating hydrodynamics and large deviations. Our analytical prediction\nfor this variance is confirmed by the results of numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "2D and 3D quantum rotors in a crystal field: critical points,\n  metastability, and reentrance: An overview of results of models of coupled quantum rotors is presented. We\nfocus on rotors with dipolar and quadrupolar potentials in two and three\ndimensions, potentials which correspond to approximate descriptions of real\nmolecules adsorbed on surfaces and in the solid phase. Particular emphasis is\nplaced on the anomalous reentrant phase transition which occurs in both two and\nthree-dimensional systems. The anomalous behaviour of the entropy, which\naccompanies the reentrant phase transition, is also analyzed and is shown to be\npresent regardless if a phase transition is present or not. Finally, the\neffects of the crystal field on the phase diagrams are also investigated. In\ntwo-dimensions the crystal field causes the disappearance of the phase\ntransition, and ordering takes place via a continuous increase in the value of\nthe order parameter. This is also true in three dimensions for the dipolar\npotential. For the quadrupolar potential in three dimensions turning on the\ncrystal field leads to the appearance of critical points where the phase\ntransition ceases, and ordering occurs via a continuous increase in the order\nparameter. As the crystal field is increased the range of the coupling constant\nover which metastable states are found decreases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deep learning probability flows and entropy production rates in active\n  matter: Active matter systems, from self-propelled colloids to motile bacteria, are\ncharacterized by the conversion of free energy into useful work at the\nmicroscopic scale. These systems generically involve physics beyond the reach\nof equilibrium statistical mechanics, and a persistent challenge has been to\nunderstand the nature of their nonequilibrium states. The entropy production\nrate and the magnitude of the steady-state probability current provide\nquantitative ways to do so by measuring the breakdown of time-reversal symmetry\nand the strength of nonequilibrium transport of measure. Yet, their efficient\ncomputation has remained elusive, as they depend on the system's unknown and\nhigh-dimensional probability density. Here, building upon recent advances in\ngenerative modeling, we develop a deep learning framework that estimates the\nscore of this density. We show that the score, together with the microscopic\nequations of motion, gives direct access to the entropy production rate, the\nprobability current, and their decomposition into local contributions from\nindividual particles, spatial regions, and degrees of freedom. To represent the\nscore, we introduce a novel, spatially-local transformer-based network\narchitecture that learns high-order interactions between particles while\nrespecting their underlying permutation symmetry. We demonstrate the broad\nutility and scalability of the method by applying it to several\nhigh-dimensional systems of interacting active particles undergoing\nmotility-induced phase separation (MIPS). We show that a single instance of our\nnetwork trained on a system of 4096 particles at one packing fraction can\ngeneralize to other regions of the phase diagram, including systems with as\nmany as 32768 particles. We use this observation to quantify the spatial\nstructure of the departure from equilibrium in MIPS as a function of the number\nof particles and the packing fraction.",
        "positive": "Calculation of displacement correlation tensor indicating vortical\n  cooperative motion in two-dimensional colloidal liquids: As an indicator of cooperative motion in a system of Brownian particles that\nmodels two-dimensional colloidal liquids, displacement correlation tensor is\ncalculated analytically and compared with numerical results. The key idea for\nthe analytical calculation is to relate the displacement correlation tensor,\nwhich is a kind of four-point space-time correlation, to the Lagrangian\ntwo-time correlation of the deformation gradient tensor. Tensorial treatment of\nthe statistical quantities, including the displacement correlation itself,\nallows capturing the vortical structure of the cooperative motion. The\ncalculated displacement correlation also implies a negative longtime tail in\nthe velocity autocorrelation, which is a manifestation of the cage effect. Both\nthe longitudinal and transverse components of the displacement correlation are\nfound to be expressible in terms of a similarity variable, suggesting that the\ncages are nested to form a self-similar structure in the space-time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reference system approach within the white-dwarfs theory: Reference system approach of non-relativistic electron fluid theory was\nadapted for calculation of characteristics of the electron-nuclear model at the\ndensities typical of degenerate dwarfs. Two- and three correlation functions of\ndegenerate relativistic electron gas have been calculated in the\nmomentum-frequency representation in the local field approximation. Main\ncontributions of the Coulomb interactions to the energy and equation of state\nof the model at $T=0$ K have been calculated in the adiabatic approximation.",
        "positive": "From virtual work principle to maximum entropy for nonequilibrium system: After the justification of the maximum entropy approach for equilibrium\nthermodynamic system, and of a maximum path entropy algorithm for\nnonequilibrium thermodynamic systems by virtue of the principle of virtual\nwork, we present in this paper another application of the principle to\nthermodynamic systems out of equilibrium. Unlike the justification of maximum\npath entropy for the motion trajectories during a period of time, this work is\non the maximum of the entropy defined as a measure of the momentary dynamical\nuncertainty as a function of the probability distribution over the microstates\nof the system at any given moment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian motors: noisy transport far from equilibrium: Transport phenomena in spatially periodic systems far from thermal\nequilibrium are considered. The main emphasize is put on directed transport in\nso-called Brownian motors (ratchets), i.e. a dissipative dynamics in the\npresence of thermal noise and some prototypical perturbation that drives the\nsystem out of equilibrium without introducing a priori an obvious bias into one\nor the other direction of motion. Symmetry conditions for the appearance (or\nnot) of directed current, its inversion upon variation of certain parameters,\nand quantitative theoretical predictions for specific models are reviewed as\nwell as a wide variety of experimental realizations and biological\napplications, especially the modeling of molecular motors. Extensions include\nquantum mechanical and collective effects, Hamiltonian ratchets, the influence\nof spatial disorder, and diffusive transport.",
        "positive": "High-Energy Tail of the Velocity Distribution of Driven Inelastic\n  Maxwell Gases: A model of homogeneously driven dissipative system, consisting of a\ncollection of $N$ particles that are characterized by only their velocities, is\nconsidered. Adopting a discrete time dynamics, at each time step, a pair of\nvelocities is randomly selected. They undergo inelastic collision with\nprobability $p$. With probability $(1-p)$, energy of the system is changed by\nchanging the velocities of both the particles independently according to\n$v\\rightarrow -r_w v +\\eta$, where $\\eta$ is a Gaussian noise drawn\nindependently for each particle as well as at each time steps. For the case\n$r_w=- 1$, although the energy of the system seems to saturate (indicating a\nsteady state) after time steps of $O(N)$, it grows linearly with time after\ntime steps of $O(N^2)$, indicating the absence of a eventual steady state. For\n$ -1 <r_w \\leq 1$, the system reaches a steady state, where the average energy\nper particle and the correlation of velocities are obtained exactly. In the\nthermodynamic limit of large $N$, an exact equation is obtained for the moment\ngenerating function. In the limit of nearly elastic collisions and weak energy\ninjection, the velocity distribution is shown to be a Gaussian. Otherwise, for\n$|r_w| < 1$, the high-energy tail of the velocity distribution is Gaussian,\nwith a different variance, while for $r_w=+1$ the velocity distribution has an\nexponential tail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Explaining why simple liquids are quasi-universal: It has been known for a long time that many simple liquids have surprisingly\nsimilar structure as quantified, e.g., by the radial distribution function. A\nmuch more recent realization is that the dynamics are also very similar for a\nnumber of systems with quite different pair potentials. Systems with such\nnon-trivial similarities are generally referred to as \"quasi-universal\". From\nthe fact that the exponentially repulsive pair potential has strong virial\npotential-energy correlations in the low-temperature part of its thermodynamic\nphase diagram, we here show that a liquid is quasi-universal if its pair\npotential can be written approximately as a sum of exponential terms with\nnumerically large prefactors. Based on evidence from the literature we moreover\nconjecture the converse, i.e., that quasi-universality only applies for systems\nwith this property.",
        "positive": "Spinon excitation and M\u00f6bius boundary condition in S=1/2\n  antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin ladder with zigzag structure: We investigate the low-lying excitation of the antiferromagnetic zigzag spin\nladder with M\\\"obius boundary condition. Using the Lanczos and Householder\ndiagonalization methods, we calculate the excitation spectrum of the zigzag\nladder in the momentum space. We then show that the topological defect\ngenerated by the M\\\"obius boundary provides the clear evidence of the single\nspinon excitation. On the basis of the obtained single-spinon dispersion curve,\nwe analyze the two-spinon scattering states under the usual periodic boundary\ncondition. We further discuss the interaction effect between the spinons, and\nthe connection to the cusp singularity in the magnetization process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to Comment on `Monte-Carlo simulation study of the two-stage\n  percolation transition in enhanced binary trees': We discuss the nature of the two-stage percolation transition on the enhanced\nbinary tree in order to explain the disagreement in the estimation of the\nsecond transition probability between the one in our recent paper (J. Phys.\nA:Math. Theor. 42 (2009) 145001) and the one in the comment to it from Baek,\nMinnhagen and Kim. We point out some reasons that the finite size scaling\nanalysis used by them is not proper for the enhanced tree due to its\nnonamenable nature, which is verified by some numerical results.",
        "positive": "Ordered phase and non-equilibrium fluctuation in stock market: We analyze the statistics of daily price change of stock market in the\nframework of a statistical physics model for the collective fluctuation of\nstock portfolio. In this model the time series of price changes are coded into\nthe sequences of up and down spins, and the Hamiltonian of the system is\nexpressed by spin-spin interactions as in spin glass models of disordered\nmagnetic systems. Through the analysis of Dow-Jones industrial portfolio\nconsisting of 30 stock issues by this model, we find a non-equilibrium\nfluctuation mode on the point slightly below the boundary between ordered and\ndisordered phases. The remaining 29 modes are still in disordered phase and\nwell described by Gibbs distribution. The variance of the fluctuation is\noutlined by the theoretical curve and peculiarly large in the non-equilibrium\nmode compared with those in the other modes remaining in ordinary phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simulating rare events in dynamical processes: Atypical, rare trajectories of dynamical systems are important: they are\noften the paths for chemical reactions, the haven of (relative) stability of\nplanetary systems, the rogue waves that are detected in oil platforms, the\nstructures that are responsible for intermittency in a turbulent liquid, the\nactive regions that allow a supercooled liquid to flow... Simulating them in an\nefficient, accelerated way, is in fact quite simple.\n  In this paper we review a computational technique to study such rare events\nin both stochastic and Hamiltonian systems. The method is based on the\nevolution of a family of copies of the system which are replicated or killed in\nsuch a way as to favor the realization of the atypical trajectories. We\nillustrate this with various examples.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics Far from Equilibrium: from Glasses to Black Holes: A framework for the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of glasses is discussed.\nIt also explains the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of a black hole isolated\nfrom matter. The first and second laws of black dynamics and black hole\nthermodynamics are shown to coincide, while the third laws deal with different\nissues."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comparative Monte Carlo Efficiency by Monte Carlo Analysis: We propose a modified power method for computing the subdominant eigenvalue\n$\\lambda_2$ of a matrix or continuous operator. Here we focus on defining\nsimple Monte Carlo methods for its application. The methods presented use\nrandom walkers of mixed signs to represent the subdominant eigenfuction.\nAccordingly, the methods must cancel these signs properly in order to sample\nthis eigenfunction faithfully. We present a simple procedure to solve this sign\nproblem and then test our Monte Carlo methods by computing the $\\lambda_2$ of\nvarious Markov chain transition matrices. We first computed ${\\lambda_2}$ for\nseveral one and two dimensional Ising models, which have a discrete phase\nspace, and compared the relative efficiencies of the Metropolis and heat-bath\nalgorithms as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field. Next, we\ncomputed $\\lambda_2$ for a model of an interacting gas trapped by a harmonic\npotential, which has a mutidimensional continuous phase space, and studied the\nefficiency of the Metropolis algorithm as a function of temperature and the\nmaximum allowable step size $\\Delta$. Based on the $\\lambda_2$ criterion, we\nfound for the Ising models that small lattices appear to give an adequate\npicture of comparative efficiency and that the heat-bath algorithm is more\nefficient than the Metropolis algorithm only at low temperatures where both\nalgorithms are inefficient. For the harmonic trap problem, we found that the\ntraditional rule-of-thumb of adjusting $\\Delta$ so the Metropolis acceptance\nrate is around 50% range is often sub-optimal. In general, as a function of\ntemperature or $\\Delta$, $\\lambda_2$ for this model displayed trends defining\noptimal efficiency that the acceptance ratio does not. The cases studied also\nsuggested that Monte Carlo simulations for a continuum model are likely more\nefficient than those for a discretized version of the model.",
        "positive": "Exact solution for the inhomogeneous Dicke model in the canonical\n  ensemble: thermodynamical limit and finite-size corrections: We consider an exactly solvable inhomogeneous Dicke model which describes an\ninteraction between a disordered ensemble of two-level systems with single mode\nboson field. The existing method for evaluation of Richardson-Gaudin equations\nin the thermodynamical limit is extended to the case of Bethe equations in\nDicke model. Using this extension, we present expressions both for the ground\nstate and lowest excited states energies as well as leading-order finite-size\ncorrections to these quantities for an arbitrary distribution of individual\nspin energies. We then evaluate these quantities for an equally-spaced\ndistribution (constant density of states). In particular, we study evolution of\nthe spectral gap and other related quantities. We also reveal regions on the\nphase diagram, where finite-size corrections are of particular importance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "High-precision Monte Carlo study of directed percolation in (d+1)\n  dimensions: We present a Monte Carlo study of the bond and site directed (oriented)\npercolation models in $(d+1)$ dimensions on simple-cubic and\nbody-centered-cubic lattices, with $2 \\leq d \\leq 7$. A dimensionless ratio is\ndefined, and an analysis of its finite-size scaling produces improved estimates\nof percolation thresholds. We also report improved estimates for the standard\ncritical exponents. In addition, we study the probability distributions of the\nnumber of wet sites and radius of gyration, for $1 \\leq d \\leq 7$.",
        "positive": "High-resolution coarse-grained modeling using oriented coarse-grained\n  sites: We introduce a method to bring nearly atomistic resolution to coarse-grained\nmodels, and we apply the method to proteins. Using a small number of\ncoarse-grained sites (about one per eight atoms) but assigning an independent\nthree-dimensional orientation to each site, we preferentially integrate out\nstiff degrees of freedom (bond lengths and angles, as well as dihedral angles\nin rings) that are accurately approximated by their average values, while\nretaining soft degrees of freedom (unconstrained dihedral angles) mostly\nresponsible for conformational variability. We demonstrate that our scheme\nretains nearly atomistic resolution by mapping all experimental protein\nconfigurations in the Protein Data Bank onto coarse-grained configurations,\nthen analytically backmapping those configurations back to all-atom\nconfigurations. This roundtrip mapping throws away all information associated\nwith the eliminated (stiff) degrees of freedom except for their average values,\nwhich we use to construct optimal backmapping functions. Despite the 4:1\nreduction in the number of degrees of freedom, we find that heavy atoms move\nonly 0.051 angstroms on average during the roundtrip mapping, while hydrogens\nmove 0.179 angstroms on average, an unprecedented combination of efficiency and\naccuracy among coarse-grained protein models. We discuss the advantages of such\na high-resolution model for parameterizing effective interactions and\naccurately calculating observables through direct or multiscale simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Determining global mean-first-passage time of random walks on Vicsek\n  fractals using eigenvalues of Laplacian matrices: The family of Vicsek fractals is one of the most important and\nfrequently-studied regular fractal classes, and it is of considerable interest\nto understand the dynamical processes on this treelike fractal family. In this\npaper, we investigate discrete random walks on the Vicsek fractals, with the\naim to obtain the exact solutions to the global mean first-passage time\n(GMFPT), defined as the average of first-passage time (FPT) between two nodes\nover the whole family of fractals. Based on the known connections between FPTs,\neffective resistance, and the eigenvalues of graph Laplacian, we determine\nimplicitly the GMFPT of the Vicsek fractals, which is corroborated by numerical\nresults. The obtained closed-form solution shows that the GMFPT approximately\ngrows as a power-law function with system size (number of all nodes), with the\nexponent lies between 1 and 2. We then provide both the upper bound and lower\nbound for GMFPT of general trees, and show that leading behavior of the upper\nbound is the square of system size and the dominating scaling of the lower\nbound varies linearly with system size. We also show that the upper bound can\nbe achieved in linear chains and the lower bound can be reached in star graphs.\nThis study provides a comprehensive understanding of random walks on the Vicsek\nfractals and general treelike networks.",
        "positive": "Local scale-invariance in disordered systems: Dynamical scaling and ageing in disordered systems far from equilibrium is\nreviewed. Particular attention is devoted to the question to what extent a\nrecently introduced generalization of dynamical scaling to local\nscale-invariance can describe data for either non-glassy systems quenched to\nbelow $T_c$ or else for spin glasses at criticality. The dependence of the\nscaling behaviour on the distribution of the random couplings is discussed. It\nis shown that finite-time corrections to scaling can become quite sizable in\nthese systems. Numerically determined ageing quantities are confronted with\navailable experimental results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous diffusion in a space- and time-dependent energy landscape: We study the influence on diffusion in one dimension of a potential energy\nperturbation varying as a power in space and time. We concentrate on the case\nof a parabolic perturbation in space decaying as $t^{-\\omega}$ which shows a\nrich variety of scaling behaviours. When $\\omega=1$, the perturbation is truly\nmarginal and leads to anomalous (super)diffusion with a dynamical exponent\nvarying continuously with the perturbation amplitude below some negative\nthreshold value. For slower decay, $\\omega<1$, the perturbation becomes\nrelevant and the system is either subdiffusive for an attractive potential or\ndisplays a stretched-exponential behaviour for a repulsive one. Exact results\nare obtained for the mean value and the variance of the position as well as for\nthe surviving probability.",
        "positive": "Changing the order of a dynamical phase transition through fluctuations\n  in a quantum p-spin model: We study the non-equilibrium phase diagram of a fully-connected Ising\n$p$-spin model, for generic $p>2$, and investigate its robustness with respect\nto the inclusion of spin-wave fluctuations, resulting from a ferromagnetic,\nshort-range spin interaction. In particular, we investigate the dynamics of the\nmean-field model after a quantum quench: we observe a new dynamical phase\ntransition which is either first or second order depending on the even or odd\nparity of $p$, in stark contrast with its thermal counterpart which is first\norder for all $p$. The dynamical phase diagram is qualitatively modified by the\nfluctuations introduced by a short-range interaction which drive the system\nalways towards various paramagnetic phases determined by the strength of time\ndependent fluctuations of the magnetization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hard core repulsion and supersolid cluster crystals: We study the effect of a short-ranged hard-core repulsion on the stability\nand superfluid properties of the cluster crystal phase of two-dimensional (2D)\nsoft core bosons. Results of Quantum Monte Carlo simulations on a cogent test\ncase suggest that the main physical properties of the phase remain unaltered if\nthe range d of the inner repulsive core is sufficiently short, even if the\nstrength of the repulsion is several orders of magnitude greater than the outer\nsoft core barrier. Only if d is an appreciable fraction of the size of the\nclusters (> 5%) does a sufficiently strong hard core repulsion cause the\ncrystal to break down into a homogeneous superfluid; a moderate inner core\nrepulsion enhances the superfluid response of the crystalline phase.",
        "positive": "Elephant Random Walks and their connection to P\u00f3lya-type urns: In this paper, we explain the connection between the Elephant Random Walk\n(ERW) and an urn model \\`a la P\\'olya and derive functional limit theorems for\nthe former. The ERW model was introduced by Sch\\\"utz and Trimper [2004] to\nstudy memory effects in a one-dimensional discrete-time random walk with a\ncomplete memory of its past. The influence of the memory is measured in terms\nof a parameter $p$ between zero and one. In the past years, a considerable\neffort has been undertaken to understand the large-scale behavior of the ERW,\ndepending on the choice of $p$. Here, we use known results on urns to\nexplicitly solve the ERW in all memory regimes. The method works as well for\nERWs in higher dimensions and is widely applicable to related models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modelling quasicrystals at positive temperature: We consider a two-dimensional lattice model of equilibrium statistical\nmechanics, using nearest neighbor interactions based on the matching conditions\nfor an aperiodic set of 16 Wang tiles. This model has uncountably many ground\nstate configurations, all of which are nonperiodic. The question addressed in\nthis paper is whether nonperiodicity persists at low but positive temperature.\nWe present arguments, mostly numerical, that this is indeed the case. In\nparticular, we define an appropriate order parameter, prove that it is\nidentically zero at high temperatures, and show by Monte Carlo simulation that\nit is nonzero at low temperatures.",
        "positive": "Study of a general growth model: We discuss a general growth curve including several parameters, whose choice\nleads to a variety of models including the classical cases of Malthusian,\nRichards, Gompertz, Logistic and some their generalizations. The advantage is\nto obtain a single mathematically tractable equation from which the main\ncharacteristics of the considered curves can be deduced. We focus on the\neffects of the involved parameters through both analytical results and\ncomputational evaluations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jarzynski Equality for an Energy-Controlled System: The Jarzynski equality (JE) is known as an exact identity for nonequillibrium\nsystems. The JE was originally formulated for isolated and isothermal systems,\nwhile Adib reported an JE extended to an isoenergetic process. In this paper,\nwe extend the JE to an energy-controlled system. We make it possible to control\nthe instantaneous value of the energy arbitrarily in a nonequilibrium process.\nUnder our extension, the new JE is more practical and useful to calculate the\nnumber of states and the entropy than the isoenergetic one. We also show\napplication of our JE to a kind of optimization problems.",
        "positive": "Zeros of the partition function and dynamical singularities in\n  spin-glass systems: We study spin-glass systems characterized by continuous occurrence of\nsingularities. The theory of Lee-Yang zeros is used to find the singularities.\nBy using the replica method in mean-field systems, we show that two-dimensional\ndistributions of zeros of the partition function in a complex parameter plane\nare characteristic feature of random systems. The results of several models\nindicate that the concept of chaos in the spin-glass state is different from\nthat of the replica symmetry breaking. We discuss that a chaotic phase at\nimaginary temperature is different from the spin-glass phase and is accessible\nby quantum dynamics in a quenching protocol."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of rotating self-gravitating systems: We investigate the statistical equilibrium properties of a system of\nclassical particles interacting via Newtonian gravity, enclosed in a\nthree-dimensional spherical volume. Within a mean-field approximation, we\nderive an equation for the density profiles maximizing the microcanonical\nentropy and solve it numerically. At low angular momenta, i.e. for a slowly\nrotating system, the well-known gravitational collapse ``transition'' is\nrecovered. At higher angular momenta, instead, rotational symmetry can\nspontaneously break down giving rise to more complex equilibrium\nconfigurations, such as double-clusters (``double stars''). We analyze the\nthermodynamics of the system and the stability of the different equilibrium\nconfigurations against rotational symmetry breaking, and provide the global\nphase diagram.",
        "positive": "Self-trapping self-repelling random walks: Although the title seems self-contradictory, it does not contain a misprint.\nThe model we study is a seemingly minor modification of the \"true self-avoiding\nwalk\" (TSAW) model of Amit, Parisi, and Peliti in two dimensions. The walks in\nit are self-repelling up to a characteristic time $T^*$ (which depends on\nvarious parameters), but spontaneously (i.e., without changing any control\nparameter) become self-trapping after that. For free walks, $T^*$ is\nastronomically large, but on finite lattices the transition is easily\nobservable. In the self-trapped regime, walks are subdiffusive and\nintermittent, spending longer and longer times in small areas until they escape\nand move rapidly to a new area. In spite of this, these walks are extremely\nefficient in covering finite lattices, as measured by average cover times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Domain Wall Renormalization Group Analysis of 2-dimensional Ising Model: Using a recently proposed new renormalization group method (tensor\nrenormalization group), we analyze the Ising model on the 2-dimensional square\nlattice. For the lowest order approximation with two domain wall states, it\nrealizes the idea of coarse graining of domain walls. We write down explicit\nanalytic renormalization transformation and prove that the picture of the\ncoarse graining of the physical domain walls does hold for all physical\nrenormalization group flows. We solve it to get the fixed point structure and\nobtain the critical exponents and the critical temperature. These results are\nvery near to the exact values. We also briefly report the improvement using\nfour domain wall states.",
        "positive": "Two-Temperature Model of non-equilibrium electron relaxation: A Review: The present paper is a review of the phenomena related to non-equilibrium\nelectron relaxation in bulk and nano-scale metallic samples. The workable\nTwo-Temperature Model (TTM) based on Boltzmann-Bloch-Peierls (BBP) kinetic\nequation has been applied to study the ultra-fast(femto-second) electronic\nrelaxation in various metallic systems. The advent of new ultra-fast\n(femto-second) laser technology and pump-probe spectroscopy has produced wealth\nof new results for micro and nano-scale electronic technology. The aim of this\npaper is to clarify the TTM, conditions of its validity and non-validity, its\nmodifications for nano-systems, to sum-up the progress, and to point out open\nproblems in this field. We also give a phenomenological integro-differential\nequation for the kinetics of non-degenerate electrons that goes beyond the TTM."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Joint statistics of space and time exploration of $1d$ random walks: The statistics of first-passage times of random walks to target sites has\nproved to play a key role in determining the kinetics of space exploration in\nvarious contexts. In parallel, the number of distinct sites visited by a random\nwalker and related observables have been introduced to characterize the\ngeometry of space exploration. Here, we address the question of the joint\ndistribution of the first-passage time to a target and the number of distinct\nsites visited when the target is reached, which fully quantifies the coupling\nbetween kinetics and geometry of search trajectories. Focusing on 1-dimensional\nsystems, we present a general method and derive explicit expressions of this\njoint distribution for several representative examples of Markovian search\nprocesses. In addition, we obtain a general scaling form, which holds also for\nnon Markovian processes and captures the general dependence of the joint\ndistribution on its space and time variables. We argue that the joint\ndistribution has important applications to various problems, such as a\nconditional form of the Rosenstock trapping model, and the persistence\nproperties of self-interacting random walks.",
        "positive": "Asymmetric fluctuation-relaxation paths in FPU models: A recent theory by Bertini, De Sole, Gabrielli, Jona-Lasinio and Landim\npredicts a temporal asymmetry in the fluctuation-relaxation paths of certain\nobservables of nonequilibrium systems in local thermodynamic equilibrium. We\nfind temporal asymmetries in the fluctuation-relaxation paths of a form of\nlocal heat flow, in the nonequilibrium FPU-$\\zb$ model of Lepri, Livi and\nPoliti."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium distributions in entropy driven balanced processes: For entropy driven balanced processes we obtain final states with Poisson,\nBernoulli, negative binomial and P\\'olya distributions. We apply this both for\ncomplex networks and particle production. For random networks we follow the\nevolution of the degree distribution, $P_n$, in a system where a node can\nactivate $k$ fixed connections from $K$ possible partnerships among all nodes.\nThe total number of connections, $N$, is also fixed. For particle physics\nproblems $P_n$ is the probability of having $n$ particles (or other quanta)\ndistributed among $k$ states (phase space cells) while altogether a fixed\nnumber of $N$ particles reside on $K$ states.",
        "positive": "Evolution of scale-free random graphs: Potts model formulation: We study the bond percolation problem in random graphs of $N$ weighted\nvertices, where each vertex $i$ has a prescribed weight $P_i$ and an edge can\nconnect vertices $i$ and $j$ with rate $P_iP_j$. The problem is solved by the\n$q\\to 1$ limit of the $q$-state Potts model with inhomogeneous interactions for\nall pairs of spins. We apply this approach to the static model having\n$P_i\\propto i^{-\\mu} (0<\\mu<1)$ so that the resulting graph is scale-free with\nthe degree exponent $\\lambda=1+1/\\mu$. The number of loops as well as the giant\ncluster size and the mean cluster size are obtained in the thermodynamic limit\nas a function of the edge density, and their associated critical exponents are\nalso obtained. Finite-size scaling behaviors are derived using the largest\ncluster size in the critical regime, which is calculated from the cluster size\ndistribution, and checked against numerical simulation results. We find that\nthe process of forming the giant cluster is qualitatively different between the\ncases of $\\lambda >3$ and $2 < \\lambda <3$. While for the former, the giant\ncluster forms abruptly at the percolation transition, for the latter, however,\nthe formation of the giant cluster is gradual and the mean cluster size for\nfinite $N$ shows double peaks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interplay between structure and density anomaly for an isotropic\n  core-softened ramp-like potential: Using molecular dynamics simulations and integral equations we investigate\nthe structure, the thermodynamics and the dynamics of a system of particles\ninteracting through a continuous core- softened ramp-like interparticle\npotential. We found density, dynamic and structural anomalies similar to that\nfound in water. Analysis of the radial distribution function for several\ntemperatures at fixed densities show a pattern that may be related to the\norigin of density anomaly.",
        "positive": "Optimal transport and anomalous thermal relaxations: We study connections between optimal transport and anomalous thermal\nrelaxations. A prime example of anomalous thermal relaxations is the Mpemba\neffect, which occurs when a hot system overtakes an identical warm system and\ncools down faster. Conversely, optimal transport is a resource-efficient way to\ntransport the source distribution to a target distribution in a finite time. By\n\"a resource-efficient way,\" what is often meant is with the least amount of\nentropy production. Our paradigm for a continuum system is a particle diffusing\non a potential landscape, while for a discrete system, we use a three-state\nMarkov jump process. In the continuous case, the Mpemba effect is generically\nassociated with high entropy production. As such, at large yet finite times,\nthe system evolution toward the target is not optimal in this respect. However,\nin the discrete case, we show that for specific dynamics, the optimal transport\nand the strong variant of the Mpemba effect can occur for the same relaxation\nprotocol."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multicritical points in the three-dimensional XXZ antiferromagnet with\n  single-ion anisotropy: The classical Heisenberg antiferromagnet with uniaxial exchange anisotropy,\nthe XXZ model, and competing planar single-ion anisotropy in a magnetic field\non a simple cubic lattice is studied with the help of extensive Monte Carlo\nsimulations. The biconical (supersolid) phase, bordering the antiferromagnetic\nand spin-flop phases, is found to become thermally unstable well below the\nonset of the disordered, paramagnetic phase, leading to interesting\nmulticritical points.",
        "positive": "Measuring equilibrium properties in aging systems: We corroborate the idea of a close connection between replica symmetry\nbreaking and aging in the linear response function for a large class of\nfinite-dimensional systems with short-range interactions. In these system,\ncharacterized by a continuity condition with respect to weak random\nperturbations of the Hamiltonian, the ``fluctuation dissipation ratio'' in\noff-equilibrium dynamics should be equal to the static cumulative distribution\nfunction of the overlaps. This allows for an experimental measurement of the\nequilibrium order parameter function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium measurement method of slip length based on fluctuating\n  hydrodynamics: We perform equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations for nanoscale fluids\nconfined between two parallel walls and investigate how the autocorrelation\nfunction of force acting on one wall is related to the slip length. We\ndemonstrate that for atomically smooth surfaces, the autocorrelation function\nis accurately described by linearized fluctuating hydrodynamics (LFH).\nExcellent agreement between the simulation and the LFH solution is found over a\nwide range of scales, specifically, from the time scale of fluid relaxation\neven to that of molecular motion. Fitting the simulation data yields a\nreasonable estimation of the slip length. We show that LFH provides a starting\npoint for examining the relationship between the slip length and the force\nfluctuations.",
        "positive": "Universal Lower and Upper Bounds of Efficiency of Heat Engines from\n  Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation: According to Thermodynamics, the efficiency of a heat engine is upper bounded\nby Carnot efficiency. For macroscopic systems, the Carnot efficiency is,\nhowever, achieved only for quasi static processes. And, considerable attention\nhas been paid to provide general evaluation of the efficiency at a finite\nspeed. Recently, several upper bounds of the efficiency have been derived in\nthe context of the trade-off among the efficiency, power, and other quantities\nsuch as the fluctuation of power.\n  Here, we show universal lower and upper bounds of the efficiency from the\nthermodynamic uncertainty relations for the entropy production and for the heat\ntransfers. The lower bound is characterized by the ratio between the\nfluctuation of the irreversible entropy production and mean output work. The\nupper bound of the efficiency is described by a generalized precision of the\nheat transfers among the working substance, and hot and cold reservoirs. We\nexplicitly derive necessary and sufficient conditions of both the lower and\nupper bounds in a unified manner in terms of fluctuation theorem. Hence, our\nresult provides an operating principle of the heat engine."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Survival Probabilities for Discrete Time Models in One Dimension: We consider survival probabilities for the discrete time process in one\ndimension, which is known as the Domany-Kinzel model. A convergence theorem for\ninfinite systems can be obtained in the nonattractive case.",
        "positive": "Macroscopic Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking at Nonequilibrium Phase\n  Transition: We study the entropy production in a macroscopic nonequilibrium system that\nundergoes an order-disorder phase transition. Entropy production is a\ncharacteristic feature of nonequilibrium dynamics with broken detailed balance.\nIt is found that the entropy production rate per particle vanishes in the\ndisordered phase and becomes positive in the ordered phase following critical\nscaling laws. We derive the scaling relations for associated critical\nexponents. Our study reveals that a nonequilibrium ordered state is sustained\nat the expense of macroscopic time-reversal symmetry breaking with an extensive\nentropy production while a disordered state costs only a subextensive entropy\nproduction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy transport in Heisenberg chains beyond the Luttinger liquid\n  paradigm: We study the energy transport between two interacting spin chains which are\ninitially separated, held at different temperatures and subsequently put in\ncontact. We consider the spin-1/2 XXZ model in the gapless regime and exploit\nits integrability properties to formulate an analytical Ansatz for the\nnon-equilibrium steady state even at temperatures where the low-energy\nLuttinger liquid description is not accurate. We apply our method to compute\nthe steady energy current and benchmark it both with the known low-energy limit\nand at higher temperatures with numerical simulations. We find an excellent\nagreement even at high temperatures, where the Luttinger liquid prediction is\nshown to fail.",
        "positive": "Random sampling vs. exact enumeration of attractors in random Boolean\n  networks: We clarify the effect different sampling methods and weighting schemes have\non the statistics of attractors in ensembles of random Boolean networks (RBNs).\nWe directly measure cycle lengths of attractors and sizes of basins of\nattraction in RBNs using exact enumeration of the state space. In general, the\ndistribution of attractor lengths differs markedly from that obtained by\nrandomly choosing an initial state and following the dynamics to reach an\nattractor. Our results indicate that the former distribution decays as a\npower-law with exponent 1 for all connectivities $K>1$ in the infinite system\nsize limit. In contrast, the latter distribution decays as a power law only for\nK=2. This is because the mean basin size grows linearly with the attractor\ncycle length for $K>2$, and is statistically independent of the cycle length\nfor K=2. We also find that the histograms of basin sizes are strongly peaked at\ninteger multiples of powers of two for $K<3$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computation of the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy using statistitical\n  mechanics: Application of an exchange Monte Carlo method: We propose a method for computing the Kolmogorov-Sinai (KS) entropy of\nchaotic systems. In this method, the KS entropy is expressed as a statistical\naverage over the canonical ensemble for a Hamiltonian with many ground states.\nThis Hamiltonian is constructed directly from an evolution equation that\nexhibits chaotic dynamics. As an example, we compute the KS entropy for a\nchaotic repeller by evaluating the thermodynamic entropy of a system with many\nground states.",
        "positive": "Dynamical real-space renormalization group calculations with a new\n  clustering scheme on random networks: We have defined a new type of clustering scheme preserving the connectivity\nof the nodes in network ignored by the conventional Migdal-Kadanoff bond moving\nprocess. Our new clustering scheme performs much better for correlation length\nand dynamical critical exponents in high dimensions, where the conventional\nMigdal-Kadanoff bond moving scheme breaks down. In two and three dimensions we\nfind the dynamical critical exponents for the kinetic Ising Model to be z=2.13\nand z=2.09, respectively at pure Ising fixed point. These values are in very\ngood agreement with recent Monte Carlo results. We investigate the phase\ndiagram and the critical behaviour for randomly bond diluted lattices in d=2\nand 3, in the light of this new transformation. We also provide exact\ncorrelation exponent and dynamical critical exponent values on hierarchical\nlattices with power-law degree distributions, both in the pure and random\ncases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A moment approach to analytic time-dependent solutions of the\n  Fokker-Planck equation with additive and multiplicative noise: An efficient method is presented as a means of an approximate, analytic\ntime-dependent solution of the Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) for the Langevin\nmodel subjected to additive and multiplicative noise. We have assumed that the\ndynamical probability distribution function has the same structure as the exact\nstationary one and that its parameters are expressed in terms of first and\nsecond moments, whose equations of motion are determined by the FPE. Model\ncalculations have shown that dynamical distributions in response to applied\nsignal and force calculated by our moment method are in good agreement with\nthose obtained by the partial difference equation method. As an application of\nour method, we present the time-dependent Fisher information for the\ninverse-gamma distribution which is realized in the FPE including\nmultiplicative noise only.",
        "positive": "Stochastic nonlinear differential equation generating 1/f noise: Starting from the simple point process model of 1/f noise we derive a\nstochastic nonlinear differential equation for the signal exhibiting 1/f noise\nin any desirably wide range of frequency. A stochastic differential equation\n(the general Langevin equation with a multiplicative noise) that gives 1/f\nnoise is derived for the first time. The solution of the equation exhibits the\npower-law distribution. The process with 1/f noise is demonstrated by the\nnumerical solution of the derived equation with the appropriate restriction of\nthe diffusion of the signal in some finite interval."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stokes' Drift and Hypersensitive Response with Dichotomous Markov Noise: Stochastic Stokes' drift and hypersensitive transport driven by dichotomous\nnoise are theoretically investigated. Explicit mathematical expressions for the\nasymptotic probability density and drift velocity are derived including the\nsituation in which particles cross unstable fixed points. The results are\nconfirmed by numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Water under the Cover: Structures and Thermodynamics of Water\n  Encapsulated by Graphene: Understanding the phase behaviors of nanoconfined water has driven notable\nresearch interests recently. In this work, we examine the structures and\nthermodynamics of water encapsulated under a graphene cover. We find layered\nwater structures up to ~1000 molecules, which is stabilized by the spatial\nconfinement and pressure induced by the adhesion between graphene cover and\nsubstrate. For monolayer encapsulations, we identify both crystalline lattices\nand defects. Free energy analysis shows that these low- entropy orders are\ncompensated by high formation energies. There exists an order- disorder\ntransition for this condensed phase at ~480-490 K, with a sharp reduction in\nthe number of hydrogen bonds and increase in the entropy. These findings offer\nfundamental understandings of the encapsulated water, and provide guidance for\npractical applications with its presence, for example, in the design of\nnanoelectronic devices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shear viscosity and damping for a Fermi gas in the unitarity limit: The shear viscosity of a two-component Fermi gas in the normal phase is\ncalculated as a function of temperature in the unitarity limit, taking into\naccount strong-coupling effects that give rise to a pseudogap in the spectral\ndensity for single-particle excitations. The results indicate that recent\nmeasurements of the damping of collective modes in trapped atomic clouds can be\nunderstood in terms of hydrodynamics, with a decay rate given by the viscosity\nintegrated over an effective volume of the cloud.",
        "positive": "Conserved quantities for Generalized Gibbs Ensemble from Entanglement: Relaxed quantum systems with conservation laws are believed to be\napproximated by the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE), which incorporates the\nconstraints of certain conserved quantities serving as integrals of motion. By\ndrawing analogy between reduced density matrix and GGE, we demonstrate for free\nfermions a generic entanglement Hamiltonian superdensity matrix (EHSM)\nframework for determining the set of conserved quantities in GGE. The framework\nproposes that such conserved quantities are linear superposition of eigenstate\nentanglement Hamiltonians of a larger auxiliary system, where the eigenstates\nare Fock states occupying the common eigenmodes. For 1D homogeneous free\nfermions with periodic boundary condition, which maps to 1D hardcore bosons,\nthese conserved quantities lead to an non-Abelian GGE, which predicts the\nrelaxation of both fermion and boson bilinears more accurately than the\nconventional Abelian GGE. Generalization of the framework to interacting models\nmay provide novel numerical insights for quantum integrability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The range of geometrical frustration in lattice spin models: The concept of geometrical frustration in condensed matter physics refers to\nthe fact that a system has a locally preferred structure with an energy density\nlower than the infinite ground state. This notion is however often used in a\nqualitative sense only. In this article, we discuss a quantitative definition\nof geometrical frustration in the context of lattice models of binary spins. To\nthis aim, we introduce the framework of local energy landscapes, within which\nfrustration can be quantified as the discrepancy between the energy of locally\npreferred structures and the ground state. Our definition is scale-dependent\nand involves an optimization over a gauge class of equivalent local energy\nlandscapes, related to one another by local energy displacements. This ensures\nthat frustration depends only on the physical Hamiltonian and its range, and\nnot on unphysical choices in how it is written. Our framework shows that a\nnumber of popular frustrated models, including the antiferromagnetic Ising\nmodel on a triangular lattice, only have finite-range frustration: geometrical\nincompatibilities are local and can be eliminated by an exact coarse-graining\nof the local energies.",
        "positive": "Isotropic finite-difference discretization of stochastic conservation\n  laws preserving detailed balance: The dynamics of thermally fluctuating conserved order parameters are\ndescribed by stochastic conservation laws. Thermal equilibrium in such systems\nrequires the dissipative and stochastic components of the flux to be related by\ndetailed balance. Preserving this relation in spatial and temporal\ndiscretization is necessary to obtain solutions that have fidelity to the\ncontinuum. Here, we propose a finite-difference discretization that preserves\ndetailed balance on the lattice, has spatial error that is isotropic to leading\norder in lattice spacing, and can be integrated accurately in time using a\ndelayed difference method. We benchmark the method for model B dynamics with a\n$\\phi^{4}$ Landau free energy and obtain excellent agreement with analytical\nresults."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The non-equilibrium solvent response force: What happens if you push a\n  Brownian particle: In this letter we discuss how to add forces to the Langevin equation. We\nderive the exact generalized Langevin equation for the dynamics of one particle\nsubject to an external force embedded in a system of many interacting\nparticles. The external force may depend on time and/or on the phase-space\ncoordinates of the system. We construct a projection operator such that the\ndrift coefficient, the memory kernel, and the fluctuating force of the\ngeneralized Langevin equation are the same as for the system without external\ndriving. We show that the external force then enters the generalized Langevin\nequation additively. In addition we obtain one term which, to our knowledge,\nhas up to now been overlooked. We analyze this additional term for an exemplary\nsystem.",
        "positive": "Percolation model with an additional source of disorder: The ranges of transmission of the mobiles in a Mobile Ad-hoc Network are not\nuniform in reality. They are affected by the temperature fluctuation in air,\nobstruction due to the solid objects, even the humidity difference in the\nenvironment, etc. How the varying range of transmission of the individual\nactive elements affects the global connectivity in the network may be an\nimportant practical question to ask. Here a new model of percolation phenomena,\nwith an additional source of disorder, has been introduced for a theoretical\nunderstanding of this problem. As in ordinary percolation, sites of a square\nlattice are occupied randomly with the probability $p$. Each occupied site is\nthen assigned a circular disc of random value $R$ for its radius. A bond is\ndefined to be occupied if and only if the radii $R_1$ and $R_2$ of the discs\ncentered at the ends satisfy certain pre-defined condition. In a very general\nformulation, one divides the $R_1 - R_2$ plane into two regions by an arbitrary\nclosed curve. One defines that a point within one region represents an occupied\nbond, otherwise it is a vacant bond. Study of three different rules under this\ngeneral formulation, indicates that the percolation threshold is always larger\nand varies continuously. This threshold has two limiting values, one is\n$p_c$(sq), the percolation threshold for the ordinary site percolation on the\nsquare lattice and the other being unity. The variation of the thresholds are\ncharacterized by exponents, which are not known in the literature. In a special\ncase, all lattice sites are occupied by discs of random radii $R \\in \\{0,R_0\\}$\nand a percolation transition is observed with $R_0$ as the control variable,\nsimilar to the site occupation probability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computation of free energy profiles with parallel adaptive dynamics: We propose a formulation of adaptive computation of free energy differences,\nin the ABF or nonequilibrium metadynamics spirit, using conditional\ndistributions of samples of configurations which evolve in time. This allows to\npresent a truly unifying framework for these methods, and to prove convergence\nresults for certain classes of algorithms. From a numerical viewpoint, a\nparallel implementation of these methods is very natural, the replicas\ninteracting through the reconstructed free energy. We show how to improve this\nparallel implementation by resorting to some selection mechanism on the\nreplicas. This is illustrated by computations on a model system of\nconformational changes.",
        "positive": "Geometry of quantum observables and thermodynamics of small systems: The concept of ergodicity---the convergence of the temporal averages of\nobservables to their ensemble averages---is the cornerstone of thermodynamics.\nThe transition from a predictable, integrable behavior to ergodicity is one of\nthe most difficult physical phenomena to treat; the celebrated KAM theorem is\nthe prime example. This Letter is founded on the observation that for many\nclassical and quantum observables, the sum of the ensemble variance of the\ntemporal average and the ensemble average of temporal variance remains constant\nacross the integrability-ergodicity transition.\n  We show that this property induces a particular geometry of quantum\nobservables---Frobenius (also known as Hilbert-Schmidt) one---that naturally\nencodes all the phenomena associated with the emergence of ergodicity: the\nEigenstate Thermalization effect, the decrease in the inverse participation\nratio, and the disappearance of the integrals of motion. As an application, we\nuse this geometry to solve a known problem of optimization of the set of\nconserved quantities---regardless of whether it comes from symmetries or from\nfinite-size effects---to be incorporated in an extended thermodynamical theory\nof integrable, near-integrable, or mesoscopic systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Car-oriented mean-field theory for traffic flow models: We present a new analytical description of the cellular automaton model for\nsingle-lane traffic. In contrast to previous approaches we do not use the\noccupation number of sites as dynamical variable but rather the distance\nbetween consecutive cars. Therefore certain longer-ranged correlations are\ntaken into account and even a mean-field approach yields non-trivial results.\nIn fact for the model with $v_{max}=1$ the exact solution is reproduced. For\n$v_{max}=2$ the fundamental diagram shows a good agreement with results from\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Efficiency at maximum power of thermochemical engines with\n  near-independent particles: Two-reservoir thermochemical engines are established in by using\nnear-independent particles (including Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac, and\nBose-Einstein particles) as the working substance. Particle and heat fluxes can\nbe formed based on the temperature and chemical potential gradients between two\ndifferent reservoirs. A rectangular-type energy filter with width $\\Gamma$ is\nintroduced for each engine to weaken the coupling between the particle and heat\nfluxes. The efficiency at maximum power of each particle system decreases\nmonotonously from an upper bound $\\eta^+$ to a lower bound $\\eta^-$ when\n$\\Gamma$ increases from 0 to $\\infty$. It is found that the $\\eta^+$ values for\nall three systems are bounded by $\\eta_{\\mathrm{C}}/2 \\leq \\eta^+ \\leq\n\\eta_{\\mathrm{C}}/(2-\\eta_{\\mathrm{C}})$ due to strong coupling, where\n$\\eta_{\\mathrm{C}}$ is the Carnot efficiency. For the Bose-Einstein system, it\nis found that the upper bound is approximated by the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency:\n$\\eta_{\\mathrm{CA}}=1-\\sqrt{1-\\eta _{\\mathrm{C}}}$. When\n$\\Gamma\\rightarrow\\infty$, the intrinsic maximum powers are proportional to the\nsquare of the temperature difference of two reservoirs for all three systems,\nand the corresponding lower bounds of efficiency at maximum power can be\nsimplified in the same form of\n$\\eta^{-}=\\eta_{\\mathrm{C}}/[1+a_0(2-\\eta_{\\mathrm{C}})]$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Realistic time correlations in sandpiles: A ``sandpile'' cellular automaton achieves complex temporal correlations,\nlike a $1/f$ spectrum, if the position where it is perturbed diffuses slowly\nrather than changing completely at random, showing that the spatial\ncorrelations of the driving are deeply related to the intermittent activity.\nHence, recent arguments excluding the relevance of self-organized criticality\nin seismicity and in other contexts are inaccurate. As a toy model of single\nfault evolution, and despite of its simplicity, our automaton uniquely\nreproduces the scaling form of the broad distributions of waiting times between\nearthquakes.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium dynamics in Ising like models with biased initial\n  condition: We investigate the dynamical fixed points of the zero temperature Glauber\ndynamics in Ising-like models. The stability analysis of the fixed points in\nthe mean field calculation shows the existence of an exponent that depends on\nthe coordination number $z$ in the Ising model. For the generalised voter\nmodel, a phase diagram is obtained based on this study. Numerical results for\nthe Ising model for both the mean field case and short ranged models on\nlattices with different values of $z$ are also obtained. A related study is the\nbehaviour of the exit probability $E(x_0)$, defined as the probability that a\nconfiguration ends up with all spins up starting with $x_0$ fraction of up\nspins. An interesting result is $E(x_0) = x_0$ in the mean field approximation\nwhen $z=2$, which is consistent with the conserved magnetisation in the system.\nFor larger values of $z$, $E(x_0)$ shows the usual finite size dependent non\nlinear behaviour both in the mean field model and in Ising model with nearest\nneighbour interaction on different two dimensional lattices. For such a\nbehaviour, a data collapse of $E(x_0)$ is obtained using $y = \\frac{(x_0 -\nx_c)}{x_c}L^{1/\\nu}$ as the scaling variable and $f(y)=\\frac{1+\\tanh(\\lambda\ny)}{2}$ appears as the scaling function. The universality of the exponent and\nthe scaling factor is investigated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Radio Frequency Selective Addressing of Localized Particles in a\n  Periodic Potential: We study the localization and addressability of ultra cold atoms in a\ncombined parabolic and periodic potential. Such a potential supports the\nexistence of localized stationary states and we show that using a radio\nfrequency field allows to selectively address the atoms in these states. This\nmethod is used to measure the energy and momentum distribution of the atoms in\nthe localized states. We also discuss possible extensions of this scheme to\naddress and manipulate particles in single lattice sites.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium grand-canonical ensemble built from a physical particle\n  reservoir: We introduce a nonequilibrium grand-canonical ensemble defined by considering\nthe stationary state of a driven system of particles put in contact with a\nnonequilibrium particle reservoir. At odds with its equilibrium counterpart, or\nwith purely formal constructions of a grand-canonical ensemble, this\nphysically-motivated construction yields a grand-canonical distribution that\ndepends on the details of the contact dynamics between the system and the\nreservoir. For non-interacting driven particles, a grand-canonical chemical\npotential can still be defined, although this chemical potential now differs\nfrom that of the reservoir. However, in the general case, the usual exponential\nfactor (in the particle number) defining the grand-canonical chemical\npotential, is replaced by the exponential of a non-linear function of the\ndensity, this function being proportional to the volume. This case is\nillustrated explicitly on a one-dimensional lattice model. Although a\ngrand-canonical chemical potential can no longer be defined in this case, it is\npossible for a subclass of contact dynamics to generalize the equilibrium\nfluctuation-response relation by introducing a small external potential\ndifference between the system and the reservoir."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size effects and thermodynamic limit in one-dimensional Janus\n  fluids: The equilibrium properties of a Janus fluid made of two-face particles\nconfined to a one-dimensional channel are revisited. The exact Gibbs free\nenergy for a finite number of particles $N$ is exactly derived for both\nquenched and annealed realizations. It is proved that the results for both\nclasses of systems tend in the thermodynamic limit ($N\\to\\infty$) to a common\nexpression recently derived (Maestre M A G and Santos A 2020 J Stat Mech\n063217). The theoretical finite-size results are particularized to the\nKern--Frenkel model and confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations for quenched and\n(both biased and unbiased) annealed systems.",
        "positive": "New comments on \"Possible divergences in Tsallis' thermostatistics'': In a recent letter ({\\it{EPL}}, {\\bf{104}} (2013) 60003; see also {\\it\n{arXiv:1309.5645}}), Plastino and Rocca suggest that the divergences inherent\nto the formulation of nonextensive statistical mechanics can be eliminated {\\it\n{via}} the use of $q$-Laplace transformation which is illustrated for the case\nof a kinetic Hamiltonian system, the harmonic oscillator. The suggested new\nformulation raises questions which are discussed in the present comment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact ground state of the sine-square deformed XY spin chain: We study the sine-square deformed quantum XY chain with open boundary\nconditions, in which the interaction strength at the position $x$ in the chain\nof length $L$ is proportional to the function $f_x = \\sin^2 [\\pi/L (x-1/2)]$.\nThe model can be mapped onto a free spinless fermion model with site-dependent\nhopping amplitudes and on-site potentials via the Jordan-Wigner transformation.\nAlthough the single-particle eigenstates of this system cannot be obtained in\nclosed form, it is shown that the many-body ground state is identical to that\nof the uniform XY chain with periodic boundary conditions. This proves a\nconjecture of Hikihara and Nishino [Hikihara T and Nishino T 2011 {\\it Phys.\nRev. B} \\textbf{83} 060414(R)] based on numerical evidence.",
        "positive": "Route to turbulence via oscillatory states in polar active fluid under\n  confinement: We report a novel route to active turbulence, observed in numerical\nsimulations of a polar active fluid model under confinement. To deal with\nlarge-scale computations with arbitrary geometries, we developed a GPU-based\nscheme that can be used for any boundary shape in a unified manner. For the\ncircular confinement, as the radius was increased, we found a series of\ntransitions first from a single stationary vortex to an oscillating pair of\nvortices, then through reentrant transitions between oscillatory and chaotic\ndynamics before finally reaching the active turbulence. The first transition\nturned out to be hysteretic, with the emergence of the oscillatory state\nconsistent with the subcritical Hopf bifurcation. In dumbbell-shaped boundaries\ncomposed of two overlapping circles, we observed a transition comparable to the\nferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic vortex-order transition reported in previous\nexperiments, but the transition point turned out to show a qualitatively\ndifferent geometry dependence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Product-Sum universality and Rushbrooke inequality in explosive\n  percolation: We study explosive percolation (EP) on Erd\\\"{o}s-R\\'{e}nyi network for\nproduct rule (PR) and sum rule (SR). Initially, it was claimed that EP\ndescribes discontinuous phase transition, now it is well-accepted as a\nprobabilistic model for thermal continuous phase transition (CPT). However, no\nmodel for CPT is complete unless we know how to relate its observable\nquantities with those of thermal CPT. To this end, we define entropy, specific\nheat, re-define susceptibility and show that they behave exactly like their\nthermal counterparts. We obtain the critical exponents $\\nu, \\alpha, \\beta$ and\n$\\gamma$ numerically and find that both PR and SR belong to the same\nuniversality class and they obey the Rushbrooke inequality.",
        "positive": "Dynamical transition of glasses: from exact to approximate: We introduce a family of glassy models having a parameter, playing the role\nof an interaction range, that may be varied continuously to go from a system of\nparticles in d dimensions to a mean-field version of it. The mean-field limit\nis exactly described by equations conceptually close, but different from, the\nMode-Coupling equations. We obtain these by a dynamic virial construction.\nQuite surprisingly we observe that in three dimensions, the mean-field behavior\nis closely followed for ranges as small as one interparticle distance, and\nstill qualitatively for smaller distances. For the original particle model, we\nexpect the present mean-field theory to become, unlike the Mode-Coupling\nequations, an increasingly good approximation at higher dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A coupled two-species model for the pair contact process with diffusion: The contact process with diffusion (PCPD) defined by the binary reactions 2 B\n-> 3 B, 2 B -> 0 and diffusive particle spreading exhibits an unusual active to\nabsorbing phase transition whose universality class has long been disputed.\nMultiple studies have indicated that an explicit account of particle pair\ndegrees of freedom may be required to properly capture this system's effective\nlong-time, large-scale behavior. We introduce a two-species representation in\nwhich single particles B and pairs A are coupled according to the stochastic\nreactions B + B -> A, A -> A + B, A -> 0, and A -> B + B. Mean-field analysis\nreveals that the phase transition is driven by competition and balance between\nboth species. We employ Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate that this model\ncaptures the pertinent PCPD features. In the inactive phase, A particles\nrapidly go extinct, leaving the B species to undergo pure pair annihilation\nkinetics. At criticality, both A and B densities decay with the same exponents\nas the PCPD order parameters, and display mean-field scaling above the critical\ndimension 2. In one dimension, the critical exponents for the B species\nobtained from seed simulations agree well with previously reported exponent\nvalues. We demonstrate that the scaling properties of consecutive particle\npairs in the PCPD are identical with that of the A species in the coupled\nmodel. This two-species picture resolves the conceptual difficulty for seed\nsimulations in the original PCPD and naturally introduces multiple length and\ntime scales, which cause strong corrections to scaling. The extracted moment\nratios from our simulations indicate that our model displays the same temporal\ncrossover behavior as the PCPD, which further corroborates its full dynamical\nequivalence with our coupled model.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo simulation of a hard-sphere gas in the planar Fourier flow\n  with a gravity field: By means of the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method, the Boltzmann equation\nis numerically solved for a gas of hard spheres enclosed between two parallel\nplates kept at different temperatures and subject to the action of a gravity\nfield normal to the plates. The profiles of pressure, density, temperature and\nheat flux are seen to be quite sensitive to the value of the gravity\nacceleration $g$. If the gravity field and the heat flux are parallel ($g>0$),\nthe magnitudes of both the temperature gradient and the heat flux are smaller\nthan in the opposite case ($g<0$). When considering the actual heat flux\nrelative to the value predicted by the Fourier law, it is seen that, if $g>0$,\nthe ratio increases as the reduced local field strength increases, while the\nopposite happens if $g<0$. The simulation results are compared with theoretical\npredictions for Maxwell molecules"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Skewed superstatistical distributions from a Langevin and Fokker-Planck\n  approach: The superstatistics concept is a useful statistical method to describe\ninhomogeneous complex systems for which a system parameter $\\beta$ fluctuates\non a large spatio-temporal scale. In this paper we analyze a measured time\nseries of wind speed fluctuations and extract the superstatistical distribution\nfunction $f(\\beta)$ directly from the data. We construct suitable Langevin and\nFokker-Planck models with a position dependent $\\beta$-field and show that they\nreduce to standard type of superstatistics in the overdamped limit.",
        "positive": "Eigenstate Thermalization in a Locally Perturbed Integrable System: Eigenstate thermalization is widely accepted as the mechanism behind\nthermalization in generic isolated quantum systems. Using the example of a\nsingle magnetic defect embedded in the integrable spin-1/2 $XXZ$ chain, we show\nthat locally perturbing an integrable system can give rise to eigenstate\nthermalization. Unique to such setups is the fact that thermodynamic and\ntransport properties of the unperturbed integrable chain emerge in properties\nof the eigenstates of the perturbed (nonintegrable) one. Specifically, we show\nthat the diagonal matrix elements of observables in the perturbed eigenstates\nfollow the microcanonical predictions for the integrable model, and that the\nballistic character of spin transport in the integrable model is manifest in\nthe behavior of the off-diagonal matrix elements of the current operator in the\nperturbed eigenstates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analysis of Velocity Derivatives in Turbulence based on Generalized\n  Statistics: A theoretical formula for the probability density function (PDF) of velocity\nderivatives in a fully developed turbulent flow is derived with the\nmultifractal aspect based on the generalized measures of entropy, i.e., the\nextensive Renyi entropy or the non-extensive Tsallis entropy, and is used,\nsuccessfully, to analyze the PDF's observed in the direct numerical simulation\n(DNS) conducted by Gotoh et al.. The minimum length scale r_d/eta in the\nlongitudinal (transverse) inertial range of the DNS is estimated to be\nr_d^L/eta = 1.716 (r_d^T/eta = 2.180) in the unit of the Kolmogorov scale eta.",
        "positive": "Solution to an Anomaly in Internal Energy inside Nonextensive\n  Statistical Mechanics: Herein, in the context of third version of nonextensive statistical\nmechanics, theory generalizing the Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon statistics, we\ndisplayed a solution for an anomaly found by calculating the internal energy\nfor a composite A+B, of 2 spines 1/2, with additive Hamiltonian H= H_A+ H_B;\nspecifically, the calculation of the internal energy in the full Hilbert space\nis different from the calculation done in the Hilbert subspaces, in other\nwords, U_tot is different to U_A +U_B. We carry out analytical calculations\n(for 2 spins 1/2). The results exactly indicate that the alternative method of\nmatrices E_A and E_B is suitable for the calculations of the internal energy,\ntherefore, the matrix that contains the physical information of the system is\nthe matrix rho^q but not \\rho."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Survival probability of an immobile target in a sea of evanescent\n  diffusive or subdiffusive traps: a fractional equation approach: We calculate the survival probability of an immobile target surrounded by a\nsea of uncorrelated diffusive or subdiffusive evanescent traps, i.e., traps\nthat disappear in the course of their motion. Our calculation is based on a\nfractional reaction-subdiffusion equation derived from a continuous time random\nwalk model of the system. Contrary to an earlier method valid only in one\ndimension (d=1), the equation is applicable in any Euclidean dimension d and\nelucidates the interplay between anomalous subdiffusive transport, the\nirreversible evanescence reaction and the dimension in which both the traps and\nthe target are embedded. Explicit results for the survival probability of the\ntarget are obtained for a density \\rho(t) of traps which decays (i)\nexponentially and (ii) as a power law. In the former case, the target has a\nfinite asymptotic survival probability in all integer dimensions, whereas in\nthe latter case there are several regimes where the values of the decay\nexponent for \\rho(t) and the anomalous diffusion exponent of the traps\ndetermine whether or not the target has a chance of eternal survival in one,\ntwo and three dimensions.",
        "positive": "Resetting in Stochastic Optimal Control: ``When in a difficult situation, it is sometimes better to give up and start\nall over again''. While this empirical truth has been regularly observed in a\nwide range of circumstances, quantifying the effectiveness of such a heuristic\nstrategy remains an open challenge. In this paper, we combine the notions of\noptimal control and stochastic resetting to address this problem. The emerging\nanalytical framework allows not only to measure the performance of a given\nrestarting policy but also to obtain the optimal strategy for a wide class of\ndynamical systems. We apply our technique to a system with a final reward and\nshow that the reward value must be larger than a critical threshold for\nresetting to be effective. Our approach, analogous to the celebrated\nHamilton-Jacobi-Bellman paradigm, provides the basis for the investigation of\nrealistic restarting strategies across disciplines. As an application, we show\nthat the framework can be applied to an epidemic model to predict the optimal\nlockdown policy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal conductivity of one-dimensional lattices with self-consistent\n  heat baths: a heuristic derivation: We derive the thermal conductivities of one-dimensional harmonic and\nanharmonic lattices with self-consistent heat baths (BRV lattice) from the\nSingle-Mode Relaxation Time (SMRT) approximation. For harmonic lattice, we\nobtain the same result as previous works. However, our approach is heuristic\nand reveals phonon picture explicitly within the heat transport process. The\nresults for harmonic and anharmonic lattices are compared with numerical\ncalculations from Green-Kubo formula. The consistency between derivation and\nsimulation strongly supports that effective (renormalized) phonons are energy\ncarriers in anharmonic lattices although there exist some other excitations\nsuch as solitons and breathers.",
        "positive": "Work as a Memory Record: The possibility of a controlled manipulation with molecules at the nanoscale\nallows us to gain net work from thermal energy, although this seems to be in\ncontradiction to the Second Law of thermodynamics. Any manipulation, however,\ncauses some memory records somewhere in the system's surroundings. To complete\nthe thermodynamic cycle, these records must be reset, which costs energy that\ncancels the previous gain. The question is, what happens when this memory\n(information) is recorded only in the work reservoir? Then it cannot be reset\nbecause the record means nothing but the work gain itself (e.g., the result\nposition of a weight in the gravity field). Is this a violation of the Second\nLaw? To answer the question, we study in this theoretical work an exchange of\nenergy between a physical (possibly microscopic) system that is thermalized at\nthe beginning and another (possibly microscopic) system -- the work reservoir\n-- during a deterministic process in an autonomous arrangement, including also\nan auxiliary device controlling the process. This arrangement is suitable for\nderiving some equalities which express the Second Law in a form incorporating\nexplicitly relevant memory records (and related information). We use these\nequalities in studying a hypothetical process including many cycles in which\nthe only non-reset memory record is that in the work reservoir during each\ncycle. The results show that either the work gain is canceled in following\ncycles (and the work reservoir fluctuates and cannot accumulate energy), or\nthere exists an information flow from the system (an information engine), or\nthe system cannot work in an expected way for a purely dynamic reason (this\nreveals a deeper connection of the studied questions with the concept of\nadiabatic accessibility)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Switching Boundary Conditions in the Many-Body Diffusion Algorithm: In this paper we show how the transposition, the basic operation of the\npermutation group, can be taken into account in a diffusion process of\nidentical particles. Whereas in an earlier approach the method was applied to\nsystems in which the potential is invariant under interchanging the Cartesian\ncomponents of the particle coordinates, this condition on the potential is\navoided here. In general, the potential introduces a switching of the boundary\nconditions of the walkers. These transitions modelled by a continuous-time\nMarkov chain generate sample paths for the propagator as a Feynman-Kac\nfunctional. A few examples, including harmonic fermions with an anharmonic\ninteraction, and the ground-state energy of ortho-helium are studied to\nelucidate the theoretical discussion and to illustrate the feasibility of a\nsign-problem-free implementation scheme for the recently developed many-body\ndiffusion approach.",
        "positive": "Front Propagation and Diffusion in the A <--> A + A Hard-core Reaction\n  on a Chain: We study front propagation and diffusion in the reaction-diffusion system A\n$\\leftrightharpoons$ A + A on a lattice. On each lattice site at most one A\nparticle is allowed at any time. In this paper, we analyze the problem in the\nfull range of parameter space, keeping the discrete nature of the lattice and\nthe particles intact. Our analysis of the stochastic dynamics of the foremost\noccupied lattice site yields simple expressions for the front speed and the\nfront diffusion coefficient which are in excellent agreement with simulation\nresults."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Perspective: Configurational entropy of glass-forming liquids: The configurational entropy is one of the most important thermodynamic\nquantities characterizing supercooled liquids approaching the glass transition.\nDespite decades of experimental, theoretical, and computational investigation,\na widely accepted definition of the configurational entropy is missing, its\nquantitative characterization remains fraud with difficulties, misconceptions\nand paradoxes, and its physical relevance is vividly debated. Motivated by\nrecent computational progress, we offer a pedagogical perspective on the\nconfigurational entropy in glass-forming liquids. We first explain why the\nconfigurational entropy has become a key quantity to describe glassy materials,\nfrom early empirical observations to modern theoretical treatments. We explain\nwhy practical measurements necessarily require approximations that make its\nphysical interpretation delicate. We then demonstrate that computer simulations\nhave become an invaluable tool to obtain precise, non-ambiguous, and\nexperimentally-relevant measurements of the configurational entropy. We\ndescribe a panel of available computational tools, offering for each method a\ncritical discussion. This perspective should be useful to both experimentalists\nand theoreticians interested in glassy materials and complex systems.",
        "positive": "How cooperatively folding are homopolymer molecular knots?: Detailed thermodynamic analysis of complex systems with multiple stable\nconfigurational states allows for insight into the cooperativity of each\nindividual transition. In this work we derive a heat capacity decomposition\ncomprising contributions from each individual configurational state, which\ntogether sum to a baseline heat capacity, and contributions from each\nstate-to-state transition. We apply this analysis framework to a series of\nreplica exchange molecular dynamics simulations of linear and 1-1\ncoarse-grained homo-oligomer models which fold into stable, configurationally\nwell-defined molecular knots, in order to better understand the parameters\nleading to stable and cooperative folding of these knots. We find that a stiff\nharmonic backbone bending angle potential is key to achieving knots with\nspecific 3D structures. Tuning the backbone equilibrium angle in small\nincrements yields a variety of knot topologies, including $3_1$, $5_1$, $7_1$,\nand $8_{19}$ types. Populations of different knotted states as functions of\ntemperature can also be manipulated by tuning backbone torsion stiffness or by\nadding side chain beads. We find that sharp total heat capacity peaks for the\nhomo-oligomer knots are largely due to a coil-to-globule transition, rather\nthan a cooperative knotting step. However, in some cases the cooperativity of\nglobule-to-knot and coil-to-globule transitions are comparable, suggesting that\nhighly cooperative folding to knotted structures can be achieved by refining\nthe model parameters or adding sequence specificity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical Estimation of the Current Large Deviation Function in the\n  Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process with Open Boundary Conditions: We numerically study the large deviation function of the total current, which\nis the sum of local currents over all bonds, for the symmetric and asymmetric\nsimple exclusion processes with open boundary conditions. We estimate the\ngenerating function by calculating the largest eigenvalue of the modified\ntransition matrix and by population Monte Carlo simulation. As a result, we\nfind a number of interesting behaviors not observed in the exactly solvable\ncases studied previously as follows. The even and odd parts of the generating\nfunction show different system-size dependences. Different definitions of the\ncurrent lead to the same generating function in small systems. The use of the\ntotal current is important in the Monte Carlo estimation. Moreover, a cusp\nappears in the large deviation function for the asymmetric simple exclusion\nprocess. We also discuss the convergence property of the population Monte Carlo\nsimulation and find that in a certain parameter region, the convergence is very\nslow and the gap between the largest and second largest eigenvalues of the\nmodified transition matrix rapidly tends to vanish with the system size.",
        "positive": "Fractal Analysis of Discharge Current Fluctuations: We use the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) to study the\nelectrical discharge current fluctuations in plasma and show that it has\nmultifractal properties and behaves as a weak anti-correlated process.\nComparison of the MF-DFA results for the original series with those for the\nshuffled and surrogate series shows that correlation of the fluctuations is\nresponsible for multifractal nature of the electrical discharge current."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One-dimensionally confined ammonia molecules: A theoretical study: We examine a single-file chain of ammonia molecules in a carbon nanotube. To\nthis end, we use i) molecular dynamics simulations (combined with the charges\nfor ammonia nitrogen and hydrogen obtained from quantum chemistry) and ii)\nlattice-model calculations [M.~Druchok {\\it et al.}, J. Chem. Phys. {\\bf 158},\n104304 (2023)]. Our findings demonstrate the occurrence of the orientational\nquasiorder of the ammonia dipoles, which become parallel to the tube axis, at\nintermediate temperatures below $100$~K.",
        "positive": "Is breaking of ensemble equivalence monotone in the number of\n  constraints?: Breaking of ensemble equivalence between the microcanonical ensemble and the\ncanonical ensemble may occur for random graphs whose size tends to infinity,\nand is signaled by a non-zero specific relative entropy of the two ensembles.\nIn [3] and [4] it was shown that breaking occurs when the constraint is put on\nthe degree sequence (configuration model). It is not known what is the effect\non the relative entropy when the number of constraints is reduced, i.e., when\nonly part of the nodes are constrained in their degree (and the remaining nodes\nare left unconstrained). Intuitively, the relative entropy is expected to\ndecrease. However, this is not a trivial issue because when constraints are\nremoved both the microcanonical ensemble and the canonical ensemble change. In\nthis paper a formula for the relative entropy valid for generic discrete random\nstructures, recently formulated by Squartini and Garlaschelli, is used to prove\nthat the relative entropy is monotone in the number of constraints when the\nconstraint is on the degrees of the nodes. It is further shown that the\nexpression for the relative entropy corresponds, in the dense regime, to the\ndegrees in the microcanonical ensemble being asymptotically multivariate Dirac\nand in the canonical ensemble being asymptotically Gaussian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "System size scaling of topological defect creation in a second-order\n  dynamical quantum phase transition: We investigate the system size scaling of the net defect number created by a\nrapid quench in a second-order quantum phase transition from an O(N) symmetric\nstate to a phase of broken symmetry. Using a controlled mean-field expansion\nfor large N, we find that the net defect number variance in convex volumina\nscales like the surface area of the sample for short-range correlations. This\nbehaviour follows generally from spatial and internal symmetries. Conversely,\nif spatial isotropy is broken, e.g., by a lattice, and in addition long-range\nperiodic correlations develop in the broken-symmetry phase, we get the rather\ncounterintuitive result that the scaling strongly depends on the dimension\nbeing even or odd: For even dimensions, the net defect number variance scales\nlike the surface area squared, with a prefactor oscillating with the system\nsize, while for odd dimensions, it essentially vanishes.",
        "positive": "A quasi-pure Bose-Einstein condensate immersed in a Fermi sea: We report the observation of co-existing Bose-Einstein condensate and Fermi\ngas in a magnetic trap. With a very small fraction of thermal atoms, the 7Li\ncondensate is quasi-pure and in thermal contact with a 6Li Fermi gas. The\nlowest common temperature is 0.28 muK = 0.2(1) T_C = 0.2(1) T_F where T_C is\nthe BEC critical temperature and T_F the Fermi temperature. Behaving as an\nideal gas in the radial trap dimension, the condensate is one-dimensional."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Poisson ratio of crystalline surfaces: A remarkable theoretical prediction for a crystalline (polymerized) surface\nis that its Poisson ratio (\\sigma) is negative. Using a large scale Monte Carlo\nsimulation of a simple model of such surfaces we show that this is indeed true.\nThe precise numerical value we find is (\\sigma \\simeq -0.32) on a (128^2)\nlattice at bending rigidity (kappa = 1.1). This is in excellent agreement with\nthe prediction (\\sigma = -1/3) following from the self-consistent screening\napproximation of Le Doussal and Radzihovsky.",
        "positive": "Stiff directed lines in random media: We investigate the localization of stiff directed lines with bending energy\nby a short-range random potential. We apply perturbative arguments, Flory\nscaling arguments, a variational replica calculation, and functional\nrenormalization to show that a stiff directed line in 1+d dimensions undergoes\na localization transition with increasing disorder for d > 2=3. We demonstrate\nthat this transition is accessible by numerical transfer matrix calculations in\n1+1 dimensions and analyze the properties of the disorder dominated phase in\ndetail. On the basis of the two-replica problem, we propose a relation between\nthe localization of stiff directed lines in 1+d dimensions and of directed\nlines under tension in 1+3d dimensions, which is strongly supported by\nidentical free energy distributions. This shows that pair interactions in the\nreplicated Hamiltonian determine the nature of directed line localization\ntransitions with consequences for the critical behavior of the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation. We support the proposed relation to\ndirected lines via multifractal analysis revealing an analogous Anderson\ntransition-like scenario and a matching correlation length exponent.\nFurthermore, we quantify how the persistence length of the stiff directed line\nis reduced by disorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probing temperature and damping rates in Bose-Einstein condensates using\n  ultraslow light experiments: We propose a method to probe Landau and Beliaev processes in dilute trapped\natomic condensates with a multiple state structure using ultraslow light\nexperimental configurations. Under certain conditions, damping rates from these\ncollisional processes are directly proportional to the dephasing rates, making\nit possible to determine damping rates through measurement of the dephasing. In\nthe ultraslow light systems we consider, Landau decay rates are enhanced at low\nmomenta, which allows one to distinguish between Landau-dominated and\nBeliaev-dominated regimes at the same temperature. Furthermore, the enhancement\nof Landau rates potentially provides a way to measure low temperatures ($T \\ll\nT_c$) in dilute condensates more accurately than current methods permit.",
        "positive": "Preparation of non-ergodic states in quantum spin chains: We test the time evolution of quite general initial states in a model that is\nexactly solvable, $i.e.$ a semi-infinite $XY$ spin chain with an impurity at\nthe boundary. The dynamics is portrayed through the observation of the site\nmagnetization along the chain, focusing on the long-time behavior of the\nmagnetization, which is estimated using the stationary phase method. Localized\nstates are split off from the continuum for some regions of the impurity\nparameter space. Bound states are essential for the non-ergodic behavior\nreported here. When two impurity states exist, the quantum interference between\nthem leads to magnetization oscillations which settle over very long times with\nthe absence of damping. The frequency of the remanent oscillation is recognized\nas being the Rabi frequency of the localized levels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Solution of a Drop-push Model for Percolation: Motivated by a computer science algorithm known as `linear probing with\nhashing' we study a new type of percolation model whose basic features include\na sequential `dropping' of particles on a substrate followed by their transport\nvia a `pushing' mechanism. Our exact solution in one dimension shows that,\nunlike the ordinary random percolation model, the drop-push model has\nnontrivial spatial correlations generated by the dynamics itself. The critical\nexponents in the drop-push model are also different from that of the ordinary\npercolation. The relevance of our results to computer science is pointed out.",
        "positive": "Quantal-classical fluctuation relation and the second law of\n  thermodynamics: The quantum linear oscillator: In this work, we study the fluctuation relation and the second law of\nthermodynamics within a quantum linear oscillator externally driven over the\nperiod of time t = tau. To go beyond the standard approach (the two-point\nprojective measurement one) to this subject and also render it discussed in\nboth quantum and classical domains on the single footing, we recast this\nstandard approach in terms of the Wigner function and its propagator in the\nphase space (x,p). With the help of the canonical transformation from (x,p) to\nthe angle-action coordinates (\\phi,I), we can then derive a measurement-free\n(classical-like) form of the Crooks fluctuation relation in the Wigner\nrepresentation. This enables us to introduce the work W_{I_0,I_{tau}}\nassociated with a single run from (I_0) to (I_{tau}) over the period tau, which\nis a quantum generalization of the thermodynamic work with its roots in the\nclassical thermodynamics. This quantum work differs from the energy difference\ne_{I_0,I_{tau}} = e(I_{tau}) - e(I_0) unless beta, hbar --> 0. Consequently, we\nwill obtain the quantum second-law inequality Delta F_{beta} \\leq <W>_{P} \\leq\n<e>_{P} = Delta U, where P, Delta F_{beta}, and <W>_P denote the work\n(quasi)-probability distribution, the free energy difference, and the average\nwork distinguished from the internal energy difference Delta U, respectively,\nwhile <W>_P --> Delta U in the limit of beta, hbar --> 0 only. Therefore, we\ncan also introduce the quantum heat Q_q = Delta U - W even for a thermally\nisolated system, resulting from the quantum fluctuation therein. This is a more\nfine-grained result than <W>_P = Delta U obtained from the standard approach.\nOwing to the measurement-free nature of the thermodynamic work W_{I_0,I_{tau}},\nour result can also apply to the (non-thermal) initial states rho_0 = (1-gamma)\nrho_{beta} + gamma sigma with sigma \\ne rho_{beta}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A diagrammatic approach to study the information transfer in weakly\n  non-linear channels: In a recent work we have introduced a novel approach to study the effect of\nweak non-linearities in the transfer function on the information transmitted by\nan analogue channel, by means of a perturbative diagrammatic expansion. We\nextend here the analysis to all orders in perturbation theory, which allows us\nto release any constraint concerning the magnitude of the expansion parameter\nand to establish the rules to calculate easily the contribution at any order.\nAs an example we explicitly compute the information up to the second order in\nthe non-linearity, in presence of random gaussian connectivities and in the\nlimit when the output noise is not small. We analyze the first and second order\ncontributions to the mutual information as a function of the non-linearity and\nof the number of output units. We believe that an extensive application of our\nmethod via the analysis of the different contributions at distinct orders might\nbe able to fill a gap between well known analytical results obtained for linear\nchannels and the non trivial treatments which are required to study highly\nnon-linear channels.",
        "positive": "Glassy Random Matrix Models: This paper discusses Random Matrix Models which exhibit the unusual phenomena\nof having multiple solutions at the same point in phase space. These matrix\nmodels have gaps in their spectrum or density of eigenvalues. The free energy\nand certain correlation functions of these models show differences for the\ndifferent solutions. Here I present evidence for the presence of multiple\nsolutions both analytically and numerically.\n  As an example I discuss the double well matrix model with potential $V(M)=\n-{\\mu \\over 2}M^2+{g \\over 4}M^4$ where $M$ is a random $N\\times N$ matrix (the\n$M^4$ matrix model) as well as the Gaussian Penner model with $V(M)={\\mu\\over\n2}M^2-t \\ln M$. First I study what these multiple solutions are in the large\n$N$ limit using the recurrence coefficient of the orthogonal polynomials.\nSecond I discuss these solutions at the non-perturbative level to bring out\nsome differences between the multiple solutions. I also present the two-point\ndensity-density correlation functions which further characterizes these models\nin a new university class. A motivation for this work is that variants of these\nmodels have been conjectured to be models of certain structural glasses in the\nhigh temperature phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simulations for trapping reactions with subdiffusive traps and\n  subdiffusive particles: While there are many well-known and extensively tested results involving\ndiffusion-limited binary reactions, reactions involving subdiffusive reactant\nspecies are far less understood. Subdiffusive motion is characterized by a mean\nsquare displacement $<x^2> \\sim t^\\gamma$ with $0<\\gamma<1$. Recently we\ncalculated the asymptotic survival probability $P(t)$ of a (sub)diffusive\nparticle ($\\gamma^\\prime$) surrounded by (sub)diffusive traps ($\\gamma$) in one\ndimension. These are among the few known results for reactions involving\nspecies characterized by different anomalous exponents. Our results were\nobtained by bounding, above and below, the exact survival probability by two\nother probabilities that are asymptotically identical (except when\n$\\gamma^\\prime=1$ and $0<\\gamma<2/3$). Using this approach, we were not able to\nestimate the time of validity of the asymptotic result, nor the way in which\nthe survival probability approaches this regime. Toward this goal, here we\npresent a detailed comparison of the asymptotic results with numerical\nsimulations. In some parameter ranges the asymptotic theory describes the\nsimulation results very well even for relatively short times. However, in other\nregimes more time is required for the simulation results to approach asymptotic\nbehavior, and we arrive at situations where we are not able to reach asymptotia\nwithin our computational means. This is regrettably the case for\n$\\gamma^\\prime=1$ and $0<\\gamma<2/3$, where we are therefore not able to prove\nor disprove even conjectures about the asymptotic survival probability of the\nparticle.",
        "positive": "The effect of disorder on the hierarchical modularity in complex systems: We consider a system hierarchically modular, if besides its hierarchical\nstructure it shows a sequence of scale separations from the point of view of\nsome functionality or property. Starting from regular, deterministic objects\nlike the Vicsek snowflake or the deterministic scale free network by Ravasz et\nal. we first characterize the hierarchical modularity by the periodicity of\nsome properties on a logarithmic scale indicating separation of scales. Then we\nintroduce randomness by keeping the scale freeness and other important\ncharacteristics of the objects and monitor the changes in the modularity. In\nthe presented examples sufficient amount of randomness destroys hierarchical\nmodularity. Our findings suggest that the experimentally observed hierarchical\nmodularity in systems with algebraically decaying clustering coefficients\nindicates a limited level of randomness."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Melting of three-sublattice order in easy-axis antiferromagnets on\n  triangular and Kagome lattices: When the constituent spins have an energetic preference to lie along an\neasy-axis, triangular and Kagome lattice antiferromagnets often develop\nlong-range order that distinguishes the three sublattices of the underlying\ntriangular Bravais lattice. In zero magnetic field, this three-sublattice order\nmelts {\\em either} in a two-step manner, {\\em i.e.} via an intermediate phase\nwith power-law three-sublattice order controlled by a temperature dependent\nexponent $\\eta(T) \\in (\\frac{1}{9},\\frac{1}{4})$, {\\em or} via a transition in\nthe three-state Potts universality class. Here, I predict that the uniform\nsusceptibility to a small easy-axis field $B$ diverges as $\\chi(B) \\sim\n|B|^{-\\frac{4 - 18 \\eta}{4-9\\eta}}$ in a large part of the intermediate\npower-law ordered phase (corresponding to $\\eta(T) \\in\n(\\frac{1}{9},\\frac{2}{9})$), providing an easy-to-measure thermodynamic\nsignature of two-step melting. I also show that these two melting scenarios can\nbe generically connected via an intervening multicritical point, and obtain\nnumerical estimates of multicritical exponents.",
        "positive": "Fractional Fokker-Planck equation for L\u00e9vy flights in nonhomogeneous\n  environments: The fractional Fokker-Planck equation, which contains a variable diffusion\ncoefficient, is discussed and solved. It corresponds to the L\\'evy flights in a\nnonhomogeneous medium. For the case with the linear drift, the solution is\nstationary in the long-time limit and it represents the L\\'evy process with a\nsimple scaling. The solution for the drift term in the form\n$\\lambda\\hbox{sgn}(x)$ possesses two different scales which correspond to the\nL\\'evy indexes $\\mu$ and $\\mu+1$ $(\\mu<1)$. The former component of the\nsolution prevails at large distances but it diminishes with time for a given\n$x$. The fractional moments, as a function of time, are calculated. They rise\nwith time and the rate of this growth increases with $\\lambda$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal information transfer in enzymatic networks: A field theoretic\n  formulation: Signaling in enzymatic networks is typically triggered by environmental\nfluctuations, resulting in a series of stochastic chemical reactions, leading\nto corruption of the signal by noise. For example, information flow is\ninitiated by binding of extracellular ligands to receptors, which is\ntransmitted through a {cascade involving} kinase-phosphatase stochastic\nchemical reactions. For a class of such networks, we develop a general\nfield-theoretic approach in order to calculate the error in signal transmission\nas a function of an appropriate control variable. Application of the theory to\na simple push-pull network, a module in the kinase-phosphatase cascade,\nrecovers the exact results for error in signal transmission previously obtained\nusing umbral calculus (Phys. Rev. X., {\\bf 4}, 041017 (2014)). We illustrate\nthe generality of the theory by studying the minimal errors in noise reduction\nin a reaction cascade with two connected push-pull modules. Such a cascade\nbehaves as an effective {three-species} network with a pseudo intermediate. In\nthis case, optimal information transfer, resulting in the smallest square of\nthe error between the input and output, occurs with a time delay, which is\ngiven by the inverse of the decay rate of the pseudo intermediate. There are\nsubstantial deviations between simulations and predictions of the linear theory\nin error in signal propagation in an enzymatic push-pull network for a certain\nrange of parameters. Inclusion of second order perturbative corrections shows\nthat differences between simulations and theoretical predictions are minimized.\nOur study establishes that {a} field theoretic formulation {of} stochastic\nbiological {signaling offers} a systematic way to understand error propagation\nin networks of arbitrary complexity.",
        "positive": "Time-(ir)reversibility in active matter: from micro to macro: Active matter encompasses systems whose individual consituents dissipate\nenergy to exert propelling forces on their environment. This rapidly developing\nfield harbors a dynamical phenomenology with no counterpart in passive systems.\nThe extent to which this is rooted in the breaking of time-reversibility has\nrecently triggered an important theoretical and experimental activity which is\nthe focus of this review. Building on recent progress in the field, we\ndisentangle the respective roles of the arrow of time and of the non-Boltzmann\nnature of steady-state fluctuations in single- and many-body active systems. We\nshow that effective time-reversible descriptions of active systems may be found\nat all scales, and discuss how interactions, either between constituents or\nwith external operators, may reveal the non-equilibrium nature of the\nmicroscopic source of energy. At a time when the engineering of active\nmaterials appears within our reach, this allows us to discuss to which extent\nmethods stemming from equilibrium statistical mechanics may guide us in their\ndesign."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Dynamics of a Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensate: We present a variational solution of the Langevin field equation describing\nthe nonequilibrium dynamics of a harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate.\nIf the thermal cloud remains in equilibrium at all times, we find that the\nequation of motions for the parameters in our variational ansatz are equivalent\nto the Langevin equations describing the motion of a massive Brownian particle\nin an external potential. Moreover, these equations are coupled to a stochastic\nrate equation for the number of atoms in the condensate. As applications of our\napproach, we have calculated the collisional damping rates and frequencies of\nthe low-lying collective excitations of a condensate with repulsive\ninteractions, and have obtained a description of the growth and subsequent\ncollapse of a condensate with attractive interactions. We have found a good\nagreement with the available experimental results in both cases.",
        "positive": "Proof of completeness of the local conserved quantities in the\n  one-dimensional Hubbard model: We rigorously prove that the local conserved quantities in the\none-dimensional Hubbard model are uniquely determined for each locality up to\nthe freedom to add lower-order ones. From this, we can conclude that the local\nconserved quantities are exhausted by those obtained from the expansion of the\ntransfer matrix."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Langevin equation of a charged oscillator in a magnetic field\n  and coupled to a heat bath through momentum variables: We obtain the quantum Langevin equation (QLE) of a charged quantum particle\nmoving in a harmonic potential in the presence of a uniform external magnetic\nfield and linearly coupled to a quantum heat bath through momentum variables.\nThe bath is modeled as a collection of independent quantum harmonic\noscillators. The QLE involves a random force which does not depend on the\nmagnetic field, and a quantum-generalized classical Lorentz force. These\nfeatures are also present in the QLE for the case of particle-bath coupling\nthrough coordinate variables. However, significant differences are also\nobserved. For example, the mean force in the QLE is characterized by a memory\nfunction that depends explicitly on the magnetic field. The random force has a\nmodified form with correlation and commutator different from those in the case\nof coordinate-coordinate coupling. Moreover, the coupling constants, in\naddition to appearing in the random force and in the mean force, also\nrenormalize the inertial term and the harmonic potential term in the QLE.",
        "positive": "Entropic commensurate-incommensurate transition: The equilibrium properties of a minimal tiling model are investigated. The\nmodel has extensive ground state entropy, with each ground state having a\nquasiperiodic sequence of rows. It is found that the transition from the\nquasiperiodic ground state to the high temperature disordered phase proceeds\nthrough a sequence of periodic arrangements of rows, in analogy with the\nFrenkel-Kontorova model, but with temperature playing the role of the strength\nof the substrate potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On thermal diffusion and gauge transformations for thermodynamic fluxes\n  and forces: We discuss the molecular diffusion transport in infinitely dilute liquid\nsolutions under non-isothermal conditions. This discussion is motivated by an\noccurring misinterpretation of thermodynamic transport equations written in\nterms of chemical potential in the presence of temperature gradient. The\ntransport equations contain the contributions owned by a gauge transformation\nrelated to the fact that chemical potential is determined up to the summand of\nform (AT+B) with arbitrary constants A and B, where constant A is owned by the\nentropy invariance with respect to shifts by a constant value and B is owned by\nthe potential energy invariance with respect to shifts by a constant value. The\ncoefficients of the cross-effect terms in thermodynamic fluxes are contributed\nby this gauge transformation and, generally, are not the actual cross-effect\nphysical transport coefficients. Our treatment is based on consideration of the\nentropy balance and suggests a promising hint for attempts of evaluation of the\nthermal diffusion constant from the first principles. We also discuss the\nimpossibility of the \"barodiffusion\" for dilute solutions, understood in a\nsense of diffusion flux driven by the pressure gradient itself. When one speaks\nof \"barodiffusion\" terms in literature, these terms typically represent the\ndrift in external potential force field (e.g., electric or gravitational\nfields), where in the final equations the specific force on molecules is\nsubstituted with an expression with the hydrostatic pressure gradient this\nexternal force field produces. Obviously, the interpretation of the latter as\nbarodiffusion is fragile and may hinder the accounting for the diffusion fluxes\nproduced by the pressure gradient itself.",
        "positive": "The Coulomb potential V(r)=1/r and other radial problems on the Bethe\n  lattice: We study the problem of a particle hopping on the Bethe lattice in the\npresence of a Coulomb potential. We obtain an exact solution to the particle's\nGreen's function along with the full energy spectrum. In addition, we present a\nmapping of a generalized radial potential problem defined on the Bethe lattice\nto an infinite number of one dimensional problems that are easily accessible\nnumerically. The latter method is particularly useful when the problem admits\nno analytical solution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractality in complex networks: critical and supercritical skeletons: Fractal scaling--a power-law behavior of the number of boxes needed to tile a\ngiven network with respect to the lateral size of the box--is studied. We\nintroduce a new box-covering algorithm that is a modified version of the\noriginal algorithm introduced by Song et al. [Nature (London) 433, 392 (2005)];\nthis algorithm enables effective computation and easy implementation. Fractal\nnetworks are viewed as comprising a skeleton and shortcuts. The skeleton,\nembedded underneath the original network, is a special type of spanning tree\nbased on the edge betweenness centrality; it provides a scaffold for the\nfractality of the network. When the skeleton is regarded as a branching tree,\nit exhibits a plateau in the mean branching number as a function of the\ndistance from a root. Based on these observations, we construct a fractal\nnetwork model by combining a random branching tree and local shortcuts. The\nscaffold branching tree can be either critical or supercritical, depending on\nthe small-worldness of a given network. For the network constructed from the\ncritical (supercritical) branching tree, the average number of vertices within\na given box grows with the lateral size of the box according to a power-law (an\nexponential) form in the cluster-growing method. The distribution of box\nmasses, i.e., the number of vertices within each box, follows a power law\nP_m(M) sim M^{-eta}. The exponent eta depends on the box lateral size ell_B.\nFor small values of ell_B, eta is equal to the degree exponent gamma of a given\nscale-free network, whereas eta approaches the exponent tau=gamma/(gamma-1) as\nell_B increases, which is the exponent of the cluster-size distribution of the\nrandom branching tree. We also study the perimeter of a given box as a function\nof the box mass.",
        "positive": "Coupling nonpolar and polar solvation free energies in implicit solvent\n  models: Recent studies on the solvation of atomistic and nanoscale solutes indicate\nthat a strong coupling exists between the hydrophobic, dispersion, and\nelectrostatic contributions to the solvation free energy, a facet not\nconsidered in current implicit solvent models. We suggest a theoretical\nformalism which accounts for coupling by minimizing the Gibbs free energy of\nthe solvent with respect to a solvent volume exclusion function. The resulting\ndifferential equation is similar to the Laplace-Young equation for the\ngeometrical description of capillary interfaces, but is extended to microscopic\nscales by explicitly considering curvature corrections as well as dispersion\nand electrostatic contributions. Unlike existing implicit solvent approaches,\nthe solvent accessible surface is an output of our model. The presented\nformalism is illustrated on spherically or cylindrically symmetrical systems of\nneutral or charged solutes on different length scales. The results are in\nagreement with computer simulations and, most importantly, demonstrate that our\nmethod captures the strong sensitivity of solvent expulsion and dewetting to\nthe particular form of the solvent-solute interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetization of nanoparticle systems in a rotating magnetic field: The investigation of a sizable thermal enhancement of magnetization is put\nforward for uniaxial ferromagnetic nanoparticles that are placed in a rotating\nmagnetic field. We elucidate the nature of this phenomenon and evaluate the\nresonant frequency dependence of the induced magnetization. Moreover, we reveal\nthe role of magnetic dipolar interactions, point out potential applications and\nreason the feasibility of an experimental observation of this effect.",
        "positive": "The Excess Heat Capacity in Glass-forming Liquid Systems Containing\n  Molecules: The excess heat capacity at glass transition temperature in two types of\nglass-forming systems of [xNaNO3\\cdot(1-x)KNO3]60[Ca(NO3)2]40 (0 \\leq x \\leq 1)\nand Ca(NO3)2\\cdotyH2O (4 \\leq y \\leq 13) is studied. In the former system, with\nthe replacement of K+ cation with Na+ cation, the excess heat capacity is\nalmost invariable around 65.1 J\\cdotmol-1\\cdotK-1, while the excess increases\nby 38.9 J\\cdotmol-1\\cdotK-1 with the increasing per molar H2O content in latter\nsystem. A quantitative description of the excess heat capacity is built up with\nthe consideration of atomic and molecular translational motion in the\nglass-forming systems. This finding might offer further understanding to the\nglass transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bath-induced Zeno localization in driven many-body quantum systems: We study a quantum interacting spin system subject to an external drive and\ncoupled to a thermal bath of spatially localized vibrational modes, serving as\na model of Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. We show that even when the many-body\neigenstates of the system are ergodic, a sufficiently strong coupling to the\nbath may effectively localize the spins due to many-body quantum Zeno effect,\nas manifested by the hole-burning shape of the electron paramagnetic resonance\nspectrum. Our results provide an explanation of the breakdown of the thermal\nmixing regime experimentally observed above 4 - 5 Kelvin.",
        "positive": "Algorithmic independence of initial condition and dynamical law in\n  thermodynamics and causal inference: We postulate a principle stating that the initial condition of a physical\nsystem is typically algorithmically independent of the dynamical law. We argue\nthat this links thermodynamics and causal inference. On the one hand, it\nentails behaviour that is similar to the usual arrow of time. On the other\nhand, it motivates a statistical asymmetry between cause and effect that has\nrecently postulated in the field of causal inference, namely, that the\nprobability distribution P(cause) contains no information about the conditional\ndistribution P(effect|cause) and vice versa, while P(effect) may contain\ninformation about P(cause|effect)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Prestrain-induced contraction in 1D random elastic chains: Prestrained elastic networks arise in a number of biological and\ntechnological systems ranging from the cytoskeleton of cells to tensegrity\nstructures. To understand the response of such a network as a function of the\nprestrain, we consider a minimal model in one dimension. We do this by\nconsidering a chain (1D network) of elastic springs upon which a random, zero\nmean, finite variance prestrain is imposed. Numerical simulations and\nanalytical predictions quantify the magnitude of the contraction as a function\nof the variance of the prestrain, and show that the chain always shrinks. To\ntest these predictions, we vary the topology of the chain and consider more\ncomplex connectivity and show that our results are relatively robust to these\nchanges.",
        "positive": "Transmission of packets on a hierarchical network: Statistics and\n  explosive percolation: We analyze an idealized model for the transmission or flow of particles, or\ndiscrete packets of information, in a weight bearing branching hierarchical 2-D\nnetworks, and its variants. The capacities add hierarchically down the\nclusters. Each node can accommodate a limited number of packets, depending on\nits capacity and the packets hop from node to node, following the links between\nthe nodes. The statistical properties of this system are given by the Maxwell -\nBoltzmann distribution. We obtain analytical expressions for the mean\noccupation numbers as functions of capacity, for different network topologies.\nThe analytical results are shown to be in agreement with the numerical\nsimulations. The traffic flow in these models can be represented by the site\npercolation problem. It is seen that the percolation transitions in the 2-D\nmodel and in its variant lattices are continuous transitions, whereas the\ntransition is found to be explosive (discontinuous) for the V- lattice, the\ncritical case of the 2-D lattice. We discuss the implications of our analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropic descriptor based reconstruction of three-dimensional porous\n  microstructures using a single cross-section: The simple entropic method to statistical reconstructing of heterogeneous\nthree-dimensional media from a single two-dimensional image is briefly\nreported. We apply the entropic descriptor quantifying spatial inhomogeneity\nthat depends on length scale. The multiscale reconstructing procedure is\nboosted when we start from the synthetic 3D configuration. It is randomly\ngenerated with the overlapping spheres of a radius depending on the structure\nconsidered. In our scenario, the simulated annealing terminates when all\nassigned temperature loops are completed. Thus, the quality of the results for\ndifferent samples can be fairly compared. The reliable 3D reconstructions of\nporous sandstone, ceramics and carbonate samples are obtained. They suggest the\nentropic method is a promising approach, which offers a kind of compromise\nbetween the computational efficiency and the accuracy of the statistical\nreconstructions. Furthermore, this approach is versatile enough to be extended\nfor any multiphase medium.",
        "positive": "Signatures of Noise Enhanced Stability in Metastable States: The lifetime of a metastable state in the transient dynamics of an overdamped\nBrownian particle is analyzed, both in terms of the mean first passage time and\nby means of the mean growth rate coefficient. Both quantities feature non\nmonotonic behaviors as a function of the noise intensity, and are independent\nsignatures of the noise enhanced stability effect. They can therefore be\nalternatively used to evaluate and estimate the presence of this phenomenon,\nwhich characterizes metastability in nonlinear physical systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Beyond the Thomas-Fermi approximation for a trapped condensed\n  Bose-Einstein gas: Corrections to the zero-temperature Thomas-Fermi description of a dilute\ninteracting condensed Bose-Einstein gas confined in an isotropic harmonic trap\narise due to the presence of a boundary layer near the condensate surface.\nWithin the Bogoliubov approximation, the various contributions to the\nground-state condensate energy all have terms of order R^{-4}ln R and R^{-4},\nwhere R is the number-dependent dimensionless condensate radius in units of the\noscillator length. The zero-order hydrodynamic density-fluctuation amplitudes\nare extended beyond the Thomas-Fermi radius through the boundary layer to\nprovide a uniform description throughout all space. The first-order correction\nto the excitation frequencies is shown to be of order R^{-4}.",
        "positive": "Geometric structure of coexisting phases found in the\n  Biham-Middleton-Levine traffic model: The Biham-Middleton-Levine traffic model is perhaps the simplest system\nexhibiting phase transitions and self-organization. Moreover, it is an\nunderpinning to extensive modern studies of traffic flow. The general belief is\nthat the system exhibits a sharp phase transition from freely flowing to fully\njammed, as a function of initial density of cars. However we discover\nintermediate stable phases, where jams and freely flowing traffic coexist. The\ngeometric structure of such phases is highly regular, with bands of free\nflowing traffic intersecting at jammed wavefronts that propagate smoothly\nthrough the space. Instead of a phase transition as a function of density, we\nsee bifurcation points, where intermediate phases begin coexisting with the\nmore conventionally known phases. We show that the regular geometric structure\nis in part a consequence of the finite size and aspect ratio of the underlying\nlattice, and that for certain aspect ratios the asymptotic intermediate phase\nis on a short periodic limit cycle (the exact microscopic configuration recurs\neach tau timesteps, where tau is small compared to the system size). Aside from\ndescribing these intermediate states, which previously were overlooked, we\nderive simple equations to describe the geometric constraints, and predict\ntheir asymptotic velocities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Muon sites in PbF2 and YF3: decohering environments and the role of\n  anion Frenkel defects: Muons implanted into ionic fluorides often lead to a so-called F-mu-F state,\nin which the time evolution of the muon spin contains information about the\ngeometry and nature of the muon site. Nuclei more distant from the muon than\nthe two nearest-neighbor fluorine ions result in decoherence of the F-mu-F\nsystem and this can yield additional quantitative information about the state\nof the muon. We demonstrate how this can be applied to the determination of\nmuon sites within the ionic fluorides alpha-PbF2 and YF3 which contain fluoride\nions in different crystallographic environments. Our results can be used to\ndistinguish between different crystal phases and reveal the presence of anion\nFrenkel defects in alpha-PbF2.",
        "positive": "PDE/statistical mechanics duality: relation between Guerra's\n  interpolated $p$-spin ferromagnets and the Burgers hierarchy: We examine the duality relating the equilibrium dynamics of the mean-field\n$p$-spin ferromagnets at finite size in the Guerra's interpolation scheme and\nthe Burgers hierarchy. In particular, we prove that - for fixed $p$ - the\nexpectation value of the order parameter on the first side w.r.t. the\ngeneralized partition function satisfies the $p-1$-th element in the\naforementioned class of nonlinear equations. In the light of this duality, we\ninterpret the phase transitions in the thermodynamic limit of the statistical\nmechanics model with the development of shock waves in the PDE side. We also\nobtain the solutions for the $p$-spin ferromagnets at fixed $N$, allowing us to\neasily generate specific solutions of the corresponding equation in the Burgers\nhierarchy. Finally, we obtain an effective description of the finite $N$\nequilibrium dynamics of the $p=2$ model with some standard tools in PDE side."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Flat Energy-Histogram Simulation of the Phase Transition in an Ising\n  Fully Frustrated Lattice: We show in this paper the results on the phase transition of the so-called\nfully frustrated simple cubic lattice with the Ising spin model. We use here\nthe Monte Carlo method with the flat energy-histogram Wang-Landau technique\nwhich is very powerful to detect weak first-order phase transition. We show\nthat the phase transition is clearly of first order, providing a definite\nanswer to a question raised 25 years ago.",
        "positive": "Doubling of Entanglement Spectrum in Tensor Renormalization Group: We investigate the entanglement spectrum in HOTRG ---tensor renormalization\ngroup (RG) method combined with the higher order singular value\ndecomposition--- for two-dimensional (2D) classical vertex models. In the\noff-critical region, it is explained that the entanglement spectrum associated\nwith the RG transformation is described by `doubling' of the spectrum of a\ncorner transfer matrix. We then demonstrate that the doubling actually occurs\nfor the square-lattice Ising model by HOTRG calculations up to $D = 64$, where\n$D$ is the cut-off dimension of tensors. At the critical point, we also find\nthat a non-trivial $D$ scaling behavior appears in the entanglement entropy. We\nmention about the HOTRG for the 1D quantum system as well."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Prediction and Retrodiction in Statistical Mechanics from the Principle\n  of Maximum Caliber: A statistical, path-dependent framework to describe time-dependent\nmacroscopic theories using the Principle of Maximum Caliber is presented. By\nmeans of this procedure, it is possible to infer predictive non-equilibrium\nstatistical mechanical models from a variational principle, provided that the\nadequate time-dependent constraints and the state of the system at some\nspecific times are given. The approach is exemplified by obtaining the\ndescription of a time-dependent Brownian particle from kinetic restrictions. We\nrelate the predictive nature of a model to the structure of the prior\ndistribution that represents the state of knowledge about the system before the\ndynamical constraints are considered. Non-predictive models are shown to be\npossible in the presented framework and as an example, retrodictive dynamics\nare obtained from the same kinetic constraints.",
        "positive": "Dimer and trimer fluctuations in the s=1/2 transverse XX chain: Exact results for the dynamic dimer and trimer structure factors of the\none-dimensional s=1/2 XX model in a transverse magnetic field ($\\parallel z$)\nare presented and discussed in relation to known exact results for the dynamic\nspin structure factors. In the framework of the Jordan-Wigner representation,\nthe accessible spectrum of the dimer fluctuation operator is limited to\ntwo-fermion excitations whereas that of the trimer fluctuation operator\ninvolves two-fermion and four-fermion excitations. The spectral boundaries,\nsoft modes, and singularity structure of the four-fermion excitation continuum\nas probed by the dynamic trimer structure factor are examined and compared with\ncorresponding properties of the two-fermion excitation continuum, as probed by\nthe dynamic dimer and transverse spin structure factors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computing Transition Rates for Rare Event: When Kramers Theory meets\n  Free Energy Landscape: Computing reactive trajectories and free energy (FE) landscapes associated to\nrare event kinetics is key to understanding the dynamics of complex systems.\nThe analysis of the FE surface on which the underlying dynamics takes place has\nbecome central to compute transition rates. In the overdamped limit, most often\nencountered in biophysics and soft condensed matter, the Kramers' Theory (KT)\nhas proved to be quite successful in recovering correct kinetics. However, the\nadditional calculation to obtain rate constants in complex systems where\nconfigurational entropy is competing with energy is still challenging\nconceptually and computationally. Building on KT and the metadynamics\nframework, the rate is expressed in terms of the height of the FE barrier\nmeasured along the minimum FE path and an auxiliary measure of the\nconfigurational entropy. We apply the formalism to two different problems where\nour approach shows good agreement with simulations and experiments and can\npresent significant improvement over the standard KT.",
        "positive": "Extinction and coexistence in a binary mixture of proliferating motile\n  disks: A binary mixture of two-different-sizes proliferating motile disks is\nstudied. As growth is space-limited, we focus on the conditions such that there\nis coexistence of both large and small disks, or dominance of the larger disks.\nThe study involves systematically varying some system parameters, such as\ndiffusivities, growth rates, and self-propulsion velocities. In particular, we\ndemonstrate that diffusing faster confers a competitive advantage, so that\nlarger disks can in the long time coexist or even dominate to the smaller ones.\nIn the case of self-propelled disks a coexistence regime is induced by the\nactivity where the two types of disks show the same spatial distribution: both\nphase separated or both homogenously distributed in the whole system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster Approximation for the Farey Fraction Spin Chain: We consider the Farey fraction spin chain in an external field $h$. Utilising\nideas from dynamical systems, the free energy of the model is derived by means\nof an effective cluster energy approximation. This approximation is valid for\ndivergent cluster sizes, and hence appropriate for the discussion of the\nmagnetizing transition. We calculate the phase boundaries and the scaling of\nthe free energy. At $h=0$ we reproduce the rigorously known asymptotic\ntemperature dependence of the free energy. For $h \\ne 0$, our results are\nlargely consistent with those found previously using mean field theory and\nrenormalization group arguments.",
        "positive": "Real-Space Visualization of Quantum Phase Transition by Network Topology: We demonstrate that with appropriate quantum correlation function, a\nreal-space network model can be constructed to study the phase transitions in\nquantum systems. For the three-dimensional bosonic system, the single-particle\ndensity matrix is adopted to construct the adjacency matrix. We show that the\nBose-Einstein condensate transition can be interpreted as the transition into a\nsmall-world network, which is accurately captured by the small-world\ncoefficient. For the one-dimensional disordered system, using the electron\ndiffusion operator to build the adjacency matrix, we find that the Anderson\nlocalized states create many weakly-linked subgraphs, which significantly\nreduces the clustering coefficient and lengthens the shortest path. We show\nthat the crossover from delocalized to localized regimes as a function of the\ndisorder strength can be identified as the loss of global connection, which is\nrevealed by the small-world coefficient as well as other independent measures\nlike the robustness, the efficiency, and the algebraic connectivity. Our\nresults suggest that the quantum phase transitions can be visualized in real\nspace and characterized by the network analysis with suitable choices of\nquantum correlation functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The GGE averaged currents of the classical Toda chain: The Toda chain with random initial data is studied. Of particular interest\nare generalized Gibbs ensembles, their averaged conserved fields, and the\naverages of the corresponding currents. While averaged fields are\nwell-understood, the description of averaged currents has hitherto relied on\nthe collision-rate assumption. For the Toda chain, the rate assumption can be\ninvestigated numerically. Here, we provide convincing evidence for the validity\nof the rate assumption. This lends further support to the idea that generalized\nEuler-type equations have a structure common to all integrable extensive\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Persistence exponent in a superantiferromagnetic quenching: We measure the persistence exponent in a phase separating two-dimensional\nspin system with non-conserved dynamics quenched in a region with four\ncoexisting stripe phases. The system is an Ising model with nearest neighbor,\nnext-to-the-nearest neighbor and plaquette interactions. Due the particular\nnature of the ground states, the order parameter is defined in terms of blocks\nof spins. Our estimate of the persistence exponent, $\\theta=0.42$, differs from\nthose of the two-dimensional Ising and four state Potts models. Our procedure\nallows the study of persistence properties also at finite temperature $T$: our\nresults are compatible with the hypothesis that $\\theta$ does not depend on $T$\nbelow the critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipative quantum many-body dynamics in (1+1)D quantum cellular\n  automata and quantum neural networks: Classical artificial neural networks, built from perceptrons as their\nelementary units, possess enormous expressive power. Here we investigate a\nquantum neural network architecture, which follows a similar paradigm. It is\nstructurally equivalent to so-called (1+1)D quantum cellular automata, which\nare two-dimensional quantum lattice systems on which dynamics takes place in\ndiscrete time. Information transfer between consecutive time slices -- or\nadjacent network layers -- is governed by local quantum gates, which can be\nregarded as the quantum counterpart of the classical perceptrons. Along the\ntime-direction an effective dissipative evolution emerges on the level of the\nreduced state, and the nature of this dynamics is dictated by the structure of\nthe elementary gates. We show how to construct the local unitary gates to yield\na desired many-body dynamics, which in certain parameter regimes is governed by\na Lindblad master equation. We study this for small system sizes through\nnumerical simulations and demonstrate how collective effects within the quantum\ncellular automaton can be controlled parametrically. Our study constitutes a\nstep towards the utilisation of large-scale emergent phenomena in large quantum\nneural networks for machine learning purposes.",
        "positive": "A note on the upward and downward intruder segregation in granular media: The intruder segregation dependence on size and density is investigated in\nthe framework of a hydrodynamic theoretical model for vibrated granular media.\nWe propose a segregation mechanism based on the difference of densities between\ndifferent regions of the granular system, which give origin to a buoyant force\nthat acts on the intruder. From the analytic solution of the segregation\nvelocity we can analyze the transition from the upward to downward intruder's\nmovement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Social organization in the Minority Game model: We study the role of imitation within the Minority Game model of market. The\nplayers can exchange information locally, which leads to formation of groups\nwhich act as if they were single players. Coherent spatial areas of rich and\npoor agents result. We found that the global effectivity is optimized at\ncertain value of the imitation probability, which decreases with increasing\nmemory length. The social tensions are suppressed for large imitation\nprobability, but generally the requirements of high global effectivity and low\nsocial tensions are in conflict.",
        "positive": "A simple deterministic self-organized critical system: We introduce a new continuous cellular automaton that presents self-organized\ncriticality. It is one-dimensional, totally deterministic, without any kind of\nembedded randomness, not even in the initial conditions. This system is in the\nsame universality class as the Oslo rice pile system, boundary driven interface\ndepinning and the train model for earthquakes. Although the system is chaotic,\nin the thermodynamic limit chaos occurs only in a microscopic level."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Majority-vote model on directed Erdos-Renyi random graphs: Through Monte Carlo Simulation, the well-known majority-vote model has been\nstudied with noise on directed random graphs. In order to characterize\ncompletely the observed order-disorder phase transition, the critical noise\nparameter $q_c$, as well as the critical exponents $beta/nu$, $gamma/nu$ and\n$1/nu$ have been calculated as a function of the connectivity $z$ of the random\ngraph.",
        "positive": "Field-theoretic description of ionic crystallization in the restricted\n  primitive model: Effects of charge-density fluctuations on a phase behavior of the restricted\nprimitive model (RPM) are studied within a field-theoretic formalism. We focus\non a $\\lambda$-line of continuous transitions between charge-ordered and\ncharge-disordered phases that is observed in several mean-field (MF) theories,\nbut is absent in simulation results. In our study the RPM is reduced to a\n$\\phi^6$ theory, and a fluctuation contribution to a grand thermodynamic\npotential is obtained by generalizing the Brazovskii approach. We find that in\na presence of fluctuations the $\\lambda$-line disappears. Instead, a\nfluctuation-induced first-order transition to a charge-ordered phase appears in\nthe same region of a phase diagram, where the liquid -- ionic-crystal\ntransition is obtained in simulations. Our results indicate that the\ncharge-ordered phase should be identified with an ionic crystal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the corresponding states law of the Yukawa fluid: We have analyzed the currently available simulation results, as well as\nperformed some additional Monte Carlo simulation for the hard-core attractive\nYukawa fluid in order to study its corresponding state behavior. We show that\nthe values of reduced surface tension map onto the master curve, and a\nuniversal equation of state can be obtained in the wide range of the attractive\nYukawa tail length after a certain re-scaling of the number density. Some\ncomparisons with other nonconformal potentials are presented and discussed.",
        "positive": "Quantum quenches in a spinor condensate: We discuss the ordering of a spin-1 condensate when quenched from its\nparamagnetic phase to its ferromagnetic phase by reducing magnetic field. We\nfirst elucidate the nature of the equilibrium quantum phase transition.\nQuenching rapidly through this transition reveals XY ordering either at a\nspecific wavevector, or the `light-cone' correlations familiar from\nrelativistic theories, depending on the endpoint of the quench. For a quench\nproceeding at a finite rate the ordering scale is governed by the Kibble-Zurek\nmechanism. The creation of vortices through growth of the magnetization\nfluctuations is also discussed. The long time dynamics again depends on the\nendpoint, conserving the order parameter in zero field, but not at finite\nfield, with differing exponents for the coarsening of magnetic order. The\nresults are discussed in the light of a recent experiment by Sadler \\emph{et\nal.}"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy partition and segregation for an intruder in a vibrated granular\n  system under gravity: The difference of temperatures between an impurity and the surrounding gas in\nan open vibrated granular system is studied. It is shown that, in spite of the\nhigh inhomogeneity of the state, the temperature ratio remains constant in the\nbulk of the system. The lack of energy equipartition is associated to the\nchange of sign of the pressure diffusion coefficient for the impurity at\ncertain values of the parameters of the system, leading to a segregation\ncriterium. The theoretical predictions are consistent with previous\nexperimental results, and also in agreement with molecular dynamics simulation\nresults reported in this paper.",
        "positive": "Accurate first-principle equation of state for the One-Component Plasma: Accurate \"first-principle\" expressions for the excess free energy $F_{ex}$\nand internal energy $U_{ex}$ of the classical one-component plasma (OCP) are\nobtained. We use the Hubbard-Schofield transformation that maps the OCP\nHamiltonian onto the Ising-like Hamiltonian, with coefficients expressed in\nterms of equilibrium correlation functions of a reference system. We use the\nideal gas as a reference system for which all the correlation functions are\nknown. Explicit calculations are performed with the high-order terms in the\nIsing-like Hamiltonian omitted. For small values of the plasma parameter\n$\\Gamma$ the Debye-Huckel result for $F_{ex}$ and $U_{ex}$ is recovered. For\nlarge $\\Gamma$ these depend linearly on $\\Gamma$ in accordance with the Monte\nCarlo findings for the OCP. The MC data for the internal energy are reproduced\nfairly well by the obtained analytical expression."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mesoscopic Hydro-Thermodynamics of Phonons: A generalized Hydrodynamics, referred to as Mesoscopic Hydro-Thermodynamics,\nof phonons in semiconductors is presented. It involves the descriptions of the\nmotion of the quasi-particle density and of the energy density. The\nhydrodynamic equations, which couple both types of movement via thermo-elastic\nprocesses, are derived starting with a generalized Peierls-Boltzmann kinetic\nequation obtained in the framework of a Non-Equilibrium Statistical Ensemble\nFormalism, providing such a Mesoscopic Hydro-Thermodynamics. The case of a\ncontraction in first order relevant variables is worked out in detail. The\nassociated Maxwell times are derived and discussed. The densities of\nquasi-particles and of energy are found to satisfy coupled\nMaxwell-Cattaneo-like hyperbolic equations. The analysis of thermo-elastic\neffects is done and applied to investigate thermal distortion in silicon\nmirrors under incidence of high intensity X-ray pulses in free electron laser\n(FEL) facilities. The derivation of a generalized Guyer-Krumhansl equation\ngoverning the flux of heat and the associated conductivity coefficient is also\npresented.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of Sleep-Wake Transitions During Sleep: We study the dynamics of the awakening during the night for healthy subjects\nand find that the wake and the sleep periods exhibit completely different\nbehavior: the durations of wake periods are characterized by a scale-free\npower-law distribution, while the durations of sleep periods have an\nexponential distribution with a characteristic time scale. We find that the\ncharacteristic time scale of sleep periods changes throughout the night. In\ncontrast, there is no measurable variation in the power-law behavior for the\ndurations of wake periods. We develop a stochastic model which agrees with the\ndata and suggests that the difference in the dynamics of sleep and wake states\narises from the constraints on the number of microstates in the sleep-wake\nsystem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sublinear but Never Superlinear Preferential Attachment by Local Network\n  Growth: We investigate a class of network growth rules that are based on a\nredirection algorithm wherein new nodes are added to a network by linking to a\nrandomly chosen target node with some probability 1-r or linking to the parent\nnode of the target node with probability r. For fixed 0<r<1, the redirection\nalgorithm is equivalent to linear preferential attachment. We show that when r\nis a decaying function of the degree of the parent of the initial target, the\nredirection algorithm produces sublinear preferential attachment network\ngrowth. We also argue that no local redirection algorithm can produce\nsuperlinear preferential attachment.",
        "positive": "Voter Dynamics on an Ising Ladder: Coarsening and Persistence: Coarsening and persistence of Ising spins on a ladder is examined under voter\ndynamics. The density of domain walls decreases algebraically with time as\n$t^-{1/2}$ for sequential as well as parallel dynamics. The persistence\nprobability decreases as $t^{-\\theta_{s}}$ under sequential dynamics, and as\n$t^{-\\theta_{p}}$ under parallel dynamics where $\\theta_{p} = 2 \\theta_{s}\n\\approx .88$. Numerical values of the exponents are explained. The results are\ncompared with the voter model on one and two dimensional lattices, as well as\nIsing model on a ladder under zero-temperature Glauber dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover temperature of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain with an impurity: We study exactly the effect of an impurity in the interacting quantum spin\nchain at low temperature by solving the integrable spin-1/2 XXZ periodic chain\nwith an impurity through the algebraic and thermal Bethe ansatz methods. In\nparticular, we investigate how the crossover temperature for the impurity\nspecific heat depends on the impurity parameter, i.e. the coupling of the\nimpurity to other spins, and show that it is consistent with the analytic\nexpression that is obtained by setting the impurity susceptibility to be\nproportional to the inverse of the crossover temperature. In the model, two\ntypes of crossover behavior appear: one from the high-temperature regime to the\nlow-temperature Kondo regime and another from the N-site homogeneous chain to\nthe (N-1)-site chain with a decoupled free impurity spin, with respect to the\ntemperature and the impurity parameter, respectively.",
        "positive": "Creation of neutron spinless pairs in a superfluid liquid $^4$He and a\n  neutron gas mixture: First, the creation of a free neutron spinless pairs is predicted in a\nsuperfluid liquid $^4$He and a neutron gas mixture. For solving the given\nproblem, it is presented an exact solution to the model of dilute Bose gas as\nan extension of the Bogoliubov model, at quantity of the condensate fraction\nvarying in the state $0\\leq\\frac{N_0}{N}\\leq 1$, which in turn might be useful\nfor a description of the superfluid liquid $^4$He. Due to an application of\npresented new model of dilute Bose gas, we prove that an appearance of atoms in\nthe condensate is a suppressor for the collective modes as well as a creator\nfor single-particle excitations On other hand, it is shown that the terms of\nthe interaction between the Bogoliubov excitations (Bogoliubov phonon-roton\nmodes) and the density modes of the neutron meditate an attractive interaction\nvia the neutron modes, which in turn leads to a bound state on a spinless\nneutron pair."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Search for Direct Stress Correlation Signatures of the Critical\n  Earthquake Model: We propose a new test of the critical earthquake model based on the\nhypothesis that precursory earthquakes are ``actors'' that create fluctuations\nin the stress field which exhibit an increasing correlation length as the\ncritical large event becomes imminent. Our approach constitutes an attempt to\nbuild a more physically-based cumulative function in the spirit of but\nimproving on the cumulative Benioff strain used in previous works documenting\nthe phenomenon of accelerated seismicity. Using a space and time dependent\nvisco-elastic Green function in a two-layer model of the Earth lithosphere, we\ncompute the spatio-temporal stress fluctuations induced by every earthquake\nprecursor and estimate, through an appropriate wavelet transform, the\ncontribution of each event to the correlation properties of the stress field\naround the location of the main shock at different scales. Our physically-based\ndefinition of the cumulative stress function adding up the contribution of\nstress loads by all earthquakes preceding a main shock seems to be unable to\nreproduce an acceleration of the cumulative stress nor an increase of the\nstress correlation length similar to those observed previously for the\ncumulative Benioff strain. Either earthquakes are ``witnesses'' of large scale\ntectonic organization and/or the triggering Green function requires much more\nthan just visco-elastic stress transfers.",
        "positive": "Discovering Phases, Phase Transitions and Crossovers through\n  Unsupervised Machine Learning: A critical examination: We apply unsupervised machine learning techniques, mainly principal component\nanalysis (PCA), to compare and contrast the phase behavior and phase\ntransitions in several classical spin models - the square and\ntriangular-lattice Ising models, the Blume-Capel model, a highly degenerate\nbiquadratic-exchange spin-one Ising (BSI) model, and the 2D XY model, and\nexamine critically what machine learning is teaching us. We find that\nquantified principal components from PCA not only allow exploration of\ndifferent phases and symmetry-breaking, but can distinguish phase transition\ntypes and locate critical points. We show that the corresponding weight vectors\nhave a clear physical interpretation, which is particularly interesting in the\nfrustrated models such as the triangular antiferromagnet, where they can point\nto incipient orders. Unlike the other well-studied models, the properties of\nthe BSI model are less well known. Using both PCA and conventional Monte Carlo\nanalysis, we demonstrate that the BSI model shows an absence of phase\ntransition and macroscopic ground-state degeneracy. The failure to capture the\n`charge' correlations (vorticity) in the BSI model (XY model) from raw spin\nconfigurations points to some of the limitations of PCA. Finally, we employ a\nnonlinear unsupervised machine learning procedure, the `antoencoder method',\nand demonstrate that it too can be trained to capture phase transitions and\ncritical points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kibble-Zurek Mechanism and Finite-Time Scaling: The Kibble-Zurek (KZ) mechanism has been applied to a variety of systems\nranging from low temperature Bose-Einstein condensations to grand unification\nscales in particle physics and cosmology and from classical phase transitions\nto quantum phase transitions. Here we show that finite-time scaling (FTS)\nprovides a detailed improved understanding of the mechanism. In particular, the\nfinite time scale, which is introduced by the external driving (or quenching)\nand results in FTS, is the origin of the division of the adiabatic regimes from\nthe impulse regime in the KZ mechanism. The origin of the KZ scaling for the\ndefect density, generated during the driving through a critical point, is not\nthat the correlation length ceases growing in the nonadiabatic impulse regime,\nbut rather, is that it is taken over by the effective finite length scale\ncorresponding to the finite time scale. We also show that FTS accounts well for\nand improves the scaling ansatz proposed recently by Liu, Polkovnikov, and\nSandvik [Phys. Rev. B {\\bf 89}, 054307 (2014)]. Further, we show that their\nuniversal power-law scaling form applies only to some observables in cooling\nbut not to heating. Even in cooling, it is invalid either when an appropriate\nexternal field is present. However, this finite-time-finite-size scaling calls\nfor caution in application of FTS. Detailed scaling behaviors of the FTS and\nfinite-size scaling, along with their crossover, are explicitly demonstrated,\nwith the dynamic critical exponent $z$ being estimated for two- and\nthree-dimensional Ising models under the usual Metropolis dynamics. These\nvalues of $z$ are found to give rise to better data collapses than the extant\nvalues do in most cases but take on different values in heating and cooling in\nboth two- and three-dimensional spaces.",
        "positive": "Deep learning of topological phase transitions from entanglement aspects: The one-dimensional $p$-wave superconductor proposed by Kitaev has long been\na classic example for understanding topological phase transitions through\nvarious methods, such as examining Berry phase, edge states of open chains and,\nin particular, aspects from quantum entanglement of ground states. In order to\nunderstand the amount of information carried in the entanglement-related\nquantities, here we study topological phase transitions of the model with\nemphasis of using the deep learning approach. We feed different quantities,\nincluding Majorana correlation matrices (MCMs), entanglement spectra (ES) or\nentanglement eigenvectors (EE) originated from Block correlation matrices\n(BCMs), into the deep neural networks for training, and investigate which one\ncould be the most useful input format in this approach. We find that ES is\nindeed too compressed information compared to MCM or EE. MCM and EE can provide\nus abundant information to recognize not only the topological phase transitions\nin the model but also phases of matter with different $U$(1) gauges, which is\nnot reachable by using ES only."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal Performance of a Three-level Quantum Refrigerator: We study the optimal performance of a three-level quantum refrigerator using\ntwo different objective functions: cooling power and $\\chi$-function. For both\ncases, we obtain general expressions for the coefficient of performance (COP)\nand derive its well-known lower and upper bounds for the limiting cases when\nthe ratio of system-bath coupling constants at the hot and cold contacts\napproaches infinity and zero, respectively. We also show that the cooling power\nis optimizable only in the local region with respect to one control frequency,\nwhile $\\chi$-function can be optimized globally with respect to two control\nfrequencies. Additionally, we show that in the low-temperatures regime, our\nmodel of refrigerator can be mapped to Feynman's ratchet and pawl model, a\nclassical mesoscopic heat engine. In the parameter regime where both cooling\npower and $\\chi$-function can be optimized, we compare the cooling power of the\nquantum refrigerator at maximum $\\chi$-function with the optimum cooling power.",
        "positive": "Josephson quantum spin thermodynamics: A 1D Josephson junction loop, doped with a spin-flipper and attached to two\nthermal reservoirs, operates as a heat engine or a refrigerator, a Joule pump,\nor even a cold pump. When operating as a quantum heat engine, the efficiency of\nthis device exceeds that of some recent Josephson heat engine proposals.\nFurther, as a quantum refrigerator, the coefficient of performance of this\ndevice is much higher than previously proposed Josephson junction-based\nrefrigerators. In addition, this device can be tuned from engine mode to\nrefrigerator mode or any other mode, i.e., Joule pump or cold pump, by either\ntuning the temperature of reservoirs or via the flux enclosed in the Josephson\njunction loop. In the presence of spin-flip scattering, we can tune our device\nfrom engine mode to other operating modes by only changing the enclosed flux in\nthe Josephson junction loop without changing the temperatures of the\nreservoirs. This is potentially an advantage with respect to other proposals.\nThis makes the proposed device much more versatile as regards possible\napplications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous diffusion in a symbolic model: We address this work to investigate some statistical properties of symbolic\nsequences generated by a numerical procedure in which the symbols are repeated\nfollowing a power law probability density. In this analysis, we consider that\nthe sum of n symbols represents the position of a particle in erratic movement.\nThis approach revealed a rich diffusive scenario characterized by non-Gaussian\ndistributions and, depending on the power law exponent and also on the\nprocedure used to build the walker, we may have superdiffusion, subdiffusion or\nusual diffusion. Additionally, we use the continuous-time random walk framework\nto compare with the numerical data, finding a good agreement. Because of its\nsimplicity and flexibility, this model can be a candidate to describe real\nsystems governed by power laws probabilities densities.",
        "positive": "Residual entropy from temperature incremental Monte Carlo method: Residual entropy, indicative of the degrees of freedom in a system at\nabsolute zero, is a cornerstone for understanding quantum and classical ground\nstates. Despite its critical role in elucidating low-temperature phenomena and\nground state degeneracy, accurately quantifying residual entropy remains a\nformidable challenge due to significant computational hurdles. In this Letter,\nwe introduce the Temperature Incremental Monte Carlo (TIMC) method, our novel\nsolution crafted to surmount these challenges. The TIMC method incrementally\ncalculates the partition function ratio of neighboring temperatures within\nMonte Carlo simulations, enabling precise entropy calculations and providing\ninsights into a spectrum of other temperature-dependent observables in a single\ncomputational sweep of temperatures. We have rigorously applied TIMC to a\nvariety of complex systems, such as the frustrated antiferromagnetic Ising\nmodel on both C60 and 2D triangular lattices, the Newman-Moore spin glass\nmodel, and a 2D quantum transverse field Ising model. Notably, our method\nsurmounts the traditional obstacles encountered in partition function\nmeasurements when mapping $d$-dimensional quantum models to $d+1$-dimensional\nclassical counterparts. The TIMC method's finesse in detailing entropy across\nthe entire temperature range enriches our comprehension of critical phenomena\nin condensed matter physics. This includes insights into spin glasses, phases\nexhibiting spontaneous symmetry breaking, topological states of matter and\nfracton phases. Our approach not only advances the methodology for probing the\nentropic landscape of such systems but also paves the way for exploring their\nbroader thermodynamic and quantum mechanical properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary Chaos: Scrambling in many-body quantum systems causes initially local observables to\nspread uniformly over the whole available Hilbert space under unitary dynamics,\nwhich in lattice systems causes exponential suppression of dynamical\ncorrelation functions with system size. Here, we present a perturbed free\nquantum circuit model, in which ergodicity is induced by an impurity\ninteraction placed on the system's boundary, that allows for demonstrating the\nunderlying mechanism. This is achieved by mapping dynamical correlation\nfunctions of local operators acting at the boundary to a partition function\nwith complex weights defined on a two dimensional lattice with a helical\ntopology. We evaluate this partition function in terms of transfer matrices,\nwhich allow for numerically treating system sizes far beyond what is accessible\nby exact diagonalization and whose spectral properties determine the asymptotic\nscaling of correlations. Combining analytical arguments with numerical results\nwe show that for impurities which remain unitary under partial transpose\ncorrelations are exponentially suppressed with system size in a particular\nscaling limit. In contrast for generic impurities or generic locations of the\nlocal operators correlations show persistent revivals with a period given by\nthe system size.",
        "positive": "Theoretical bound of the efficiency of learning: A unified thermodynamic formalism describing the efficiency of learning is\nproposed. First, we derive an inequality, which is more strength than\nClausius's inequality, revealing the lower bound of the entropy-production rate\nof a subsystem. Second, the inequality is transformed to determine the general\nupper limit for the efficiency of learning. In particular, we exemplify the\nbound of the efficiency in nonequilibrium quantum-dot systems and networks of\nliving cells. The framework provides a fundamental trade-off relationship\nbetween energy and information inheriting in stochastic thermodynamic\nprocesses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation-response relations for nonequilibrium diffusions with memory: Strong interaction with other particles or feedback from the medium on a\nBrownian particle entail memory effects in the effective dynamics. We discuss\nthe extension of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem to nonequilibrium Langevin\nsystems with memory. An important application is to the extension of the\nSutherland-Einstein relation between diffusion and mobility. Nonequilibrium\ncorrections include the time-correlation between the dynamical activity and the\nvelocity of the particle, which in turn leads to information about the\ncorrelations between the driving force and the particle's displacement.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo Study of the Anisotropic Heisenberg Antiferromagnet on the\n  Triangular Lattice: We report a Monte Carlo study of the classical antiferromagnetic Heisenberg\nmodel with easy axis anisotropy on the triangular lattice. Both the free energy\ncost for long wavelength spin waves as well as for the formation of free\nvortices are obtained from the spin stiffness and vorticity modulus\nrespectively. Evidence for two distinct Kosterlitz-Thouless types of\ndefect-mediated phase transitions at finite temperatures is presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bose-Einstein Condensation Temperature of Dipolar Gas in Anisotropic\n  Harmonic Trap: We consider a dilute gas of dipole moments in an arbitrary harmonic trap and\ntreat both the short-range, isotropic delta-interaction and the long-range,\nanisotropic dipole-dipole interaction perturbatively. With this we calculate\nthe leading shift of the critical temperature with respect to that of an ideal\ngas as a function of the relative orientation of the dipole moments with\nrespect to the harmonic trap axes. In particular, we determine those magic\nangles, where the dipolar shift of the Bose-Einstein condensation temperature\nvanishes. Furthermore, we show for the parameters of the ongoing\n52Cr-experiment in Stuttgart that this dipolar shift can be enhanced by\nincreasing the number of particles, the geometrical mean trap frequency, and\nthe anisotropy of the trap.",
        "positive": "Estimation in a fluctuating medium and power-law distributions: We show how recent results by Bening and Korolev in the context of\nestimation, when linked with a classical result of Fisher concerning the\nnegative binomial distribution, can be used to explain the ubiquity of power\nlaw probability distributions. Beck, Cohen and others have provided plausible\nmechanisms explaining how power law probability distributions naturally emerge\nin scenarios characterized by either finite dimension or fluctuation effects.\nThis paper tries to further contribute to such an idea. As an application, a\nnew and multivariate version of the central limit theorem is obtained that\nprovides a convenient alternative to the one recently presented in [S. Umarov,\nC. Tsallis, S. Steinberg, cond-mat/0603593]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The nondeterministic Nagel-Schreckenberg traffic model with open\n  boundary conditions: We study the phases of the Nagel-Schreckenberg traffic model with open\nboundary conditions as a function of the randomization probability p > 0 and\nthe maximum velocity ${v}_{max} > 1$. Due to the existence of \"buffer sites\"\nwhich enhance the free flow region, the behaviour is much richer than that of\nthe related asymmetric exclusion process (ASEP, {v}_{max} = 1$). Such sites\nexist for ${v}_{max} \\ge 3$ and p < ${p}_{c}$ where the phase diagram is\nqualitatively similar to the p = 0 case: there is a free flow and a jamming\nphase separated by a line of first-order phase transitions. For p > ${p}_{c}$\nan additional maximum current phase occurs like for the ASEP. The density\nprofile decays in the maximum current phase algebraically with an exponent\n$\\gamma \\approx 2/3$ for all ${v}_{max} \\ge 2$ indicating that these models\nbelong to another universality class than the ASEP where $\\gamma = 1/2$.",
        "positive": "Strong Shock Waves and Nonequilibrium Response in a One-dimensional Gas:\n  a Boltzmann Equation Approach: We investigate the nonequilibrium behavior of a one-dimensional binary fluid\non the basis of Boltzmann equation, using an infinitely strong shock wave as\nprobe. Density, velocity and temperature profiles are obtained as a function of\nthe mixture mass ratio \\mu. We show that temperature overshoots near the shock\nlayer, and that heavy particles are denser, slower and cooler than light\nparticles in the strong nonequilibrium region around the shock. The shock width\nw(\\mu), which characterizes the size of this region, decreases as w(\\mu) ~\n\\mu^{1/3} for \\mu-->0. In this limit, two very different length scales control\nthe fluid structure, with heavy particles equilibrating much faster than light\nones. Hydrodynamic fields relax exponentially toward equilibrium, \\phi(x) ~\nexp[-x/\\lambda]. The scale separation is also apparent here, with two typical\nscales, \\lambda_1 and \\lambda_2, such that \\lambda_1 ~ \\mu^{1/2} as \\mu-->0$,\nwhile \\lambda_2, which is the slow scale controlling the fluid's asymptotic\nrelaxation, increases to a constant value in this limit. These results are\ndiscussed at the light of recent numerical studies on the nonequilibrium\nbehavior of similar 1d binary fluids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear stochastic models of 1/f noise and power-law distributions: Starting from the developed generalized point process model of $1/f$ noise\n(B. Kaulakys et al, Phys. Rev. E 71 (2005) 051105; cond-mat/0504025) we derive\nthe nonlinear stochastic differential equations for the signal exhibiting\n1/f^{\\beta}$ noise and $1/x^{\\lambda}$ distribution density of the signal\nintensity with different values of $\\beta$ and $\\lambda$. The processes with\n$1/f^{\\beta}$ are demonstrated by the numerical solution of the derived\nequations with the appropriate restriction of the diffusion of the signal in\nsome finite interval. The proposed consideration may be used for modeling and\nanalysis of stochastic processes in different systems with the power-law\ndistributions, long-range memory or with the elements of self-organization.",
        "positive": "Free energy of formation of small ice nuclei near the Widom line in\n  simulations of supercooled water: The ST2 interaction potential has been used in a large number of simulation\nstudies to explore the possibility of a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT)\nin supercooled water. Using umbrella sampling Monte Carlo simulations of ST2\nwater, we evaluate the free energy of formation of small ice nuclei in the\nsupercooled liquid in the vicinity of the Widom line, the region above the\ncritical temperature of the LLPT where a number of thermodynamic anomalies\noccur. Our results show that in this region there is a substantial free energy\ncost for the formation of small ice nuclei, demonstrating that the\nthermodynamic anomalies associated with the Widom line in ST2 water occur in a\nwell-defined metastable liquid phase. On passing through the Widom line, we\nidentify changes in the free energy to form small ice nuclei that illustrate\nhow the thermodynamic anomalies associated with the LLPT may influence the ice\nnucleation process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Role of an intermediate state in homogeneous nucleation: We explore the role of an intermediate state (phase) in homogeneous\nnucleation phenomenon by examining the decay process through a doubly-humped\npotential barrier. As a generic model we use the fourth- and sixth-order Landau\npotentials and analyze the Fokker-Planck equation for the one-dimensional\nthermal diffusion in the system characterized by a triple-well potential. In\nthe low temperature case we apply the WKB method to the decay process and\nobtain the decay rate which is accurate for a wide range of depth and curvature\nof the middle well. In the case of a deep middle well, it reduces to a\ndoubly-humped-barrier counterpart of the Kramers escape rate: the barrier\nheight and the curvature of an initial well in the Kramers rate are replaced by\nthe arithmetic mean of higher(or outer) and lower(or inner) partial barriers\nand the geometric mean of curvatures of the initial and intermediate wells,\nrespectively. It seems to be a universal formula. In the case of a\nshallow-enough middle well, Kramers escape rate is alternatively evaluated\nwithin the standard framework of the mean-first-passage time problem, which\ncertainly supports the WKB result. The criteria whether or not the existence of\nan intermediate state can enhance the decay rate are revealed.",
        "positive": "Duality and spatial inhomogeneity: Within the framework on non-extensive thermostatistics we revisit the\nrecently advanced q-duality concept. We focus our attention here on a modified\nq-entropic measure of the spatial inhomogeneity for binary patterns. At a fixed\nlength-scale this measure exhibits a generalised duality that links appropriate\npairs of q and q' values. The simplest q <-> q' invariant function, without any\nfree parameters, is deduced here. Within an adequate interval q < qo < q', in\nwhich the function reaches its maximum value at qo, this invariant function\naccurately approximates the investigated q-measure, nitidly evidencing the\nduality phenomenon. In the close vicinity of qo, the approximate meaningful\nrelation q + q' = 2qo holds."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground States of the SU(N) Heisenberg Model: The SU(N) Heisenberg model with various single-row representations is\ninvestigated by quantum Monte Carlo simulations. While the zero-temperature\nphase boundary agrees qualitatively with the theoretical predictions based on\nthe 1/N expansion, some unexpected features are also observed. For N>=5 with\nthe fundamental representation, for example, it is suggested that the ground\nstates possess exact or approximate U(1) degeneracy. In addition, for the\nrepresentation of Young tableau with more than one column, the ground state\nshows no valence-bond-solid order even at N greater than the threshold value.",
        "positive": "Selective advantage of topological disorder in biological evolution: We examine a model of biological evolution of Eigen's quasispecies in a holey\nfitness landscape, where the fitness of a site is either 0 (lethal site) or a\nuniform positive constant (viable site). So, the evolution dynamics is\ndetermined by the topology of the genome space. It is modeled by the random\nBethe lattice. We use the effective medium and single-defect approximations to\nfind the criteria, under which the localized quasispecies cloud is created. We\nfind that shorter genomes, which are more robust to random mutations than\naverage, represent a selective advantage which we call ``topological''. A way\nof assessing empirically the relative importance of reproductive success and\ntopological advantage is suggested."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling limits of a tagged particle in the exclusion process with\n  variable diffusion coefficient: We prove a law of large numbers and a central limit theorem for a tagged\nparticle in a symmetric simple exclusion process in the one-dimensional lattice\nwith variable diffusion coefficient. The scaling limits are obtained from a\nsimilar result for the current through -1/2 for a zero-range process with bond\ndisorder. For the CLT, we prove convergence to a fractional Brownian motion of\nHurst exponent 1/4.",
        "positive": "Displacement Autocorrelation Functions for Strong Anomalous Diffusion: A\n  Scaling Form, Universal Behavior, and Corrections to Scaling: Strong anomalous diffusion is characterized by asymptotic power-law growth of\nthe moments of displacement, with exponents that do not depend linearly on the\norder of the moment. The exponents concerning small-order moments are dominated\nby random motion, while higher-order exponents grow by faster trajectories,\nsuch as ballistic excursions or \"light fronts\". Often such a situation is\ncharacterized by two linear dependencies of the exponents on their order. Here,\nwe introduce a simple exactly solvable model, the Fly-and-Die (FnD) model, that\nsheds light on this behavior and on the consequences of light fronts on\ndisplacement autocorrelation functions in transport processes. We present\nanalytical expressions for the moments and derive a scaling form that expresses\nthe long-time asymptotics of the autocorrelation function $\\langle\nx(t_1)\\,x(t_2)\\rangle$ in terms of the dimensionless time difference\n$(t_2-t_1)/t_1$. The scaling form provides a faithful collapse of numerical\ndata for vastly different systems. This is demonstrated here for the Lorentz\ngas with infinite horizon, polygonal billiards with finite and infinite\nhorizon, the L\\'evy-Lorentz gas, the Slicer Map, and L\\'evy walks. Our analysis\nalso captures the system-specific corrections to scaling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From Phase to Micro-Phase Separation in Flocking Models: The Essential\n  Role of Non-Equilibrium Fluctuations: We show that the flocking transition in the Vicsek model is best understood\nas a liquid-gas transition, rather than an order-disorder one. The full phase\nseparation observed in flocking models with Z2 rotational symmetry is, however,\nreplaced by a microphase separation leading to a smectic arrangement of\ntraveling ordered bands. Remarkably, continuous deterministic descriptions do\nnot account for this difference, which is only recovered at the fluctuating\nhydrodynamics level. Scalar and vectorial order parameters indeed produce\ndifferent types of number fluctuations, which we show to be essential in\nselecting the inhomogeneous patterns. This highlights an unexpected role of\nfluctuations in the selection of flock shapes.",
        "positive": "Quantum Critical Scaling of Dirty Bosons in Two Dimensions: We determine the dynamical critical exponent, $z$, appearing at the Bose\nglass to superfluid transition in two dimensions by performing large scale\nnumerical studies of two microscopically different quantum models within the\nuniversality class; The hard-core boson model and the quantum rotor (soft core)\nmodel, both subject to strong on-site disorder. By performing many simulations\nat different system size, $L$, and inverse temperature, $\\beta$, close to the\nquantum critical point, the position of the critical point and the critical\nexponents, $z$, $\\nu$ and $\\eta$ can be determined independently of any prior\nassumptions of the numerical value of $z$. This is done by a careful scaling\nanalysis close to the critical point with a particular focus on the temperature\ndependence of the scaling functions. For the hard-core boson model we find\n$z=1.88(8), \\nu=0.99(3)$ and $\\eta=-0.16(8)$ with a critical field of\n$h_c=4.79(3)$, while for the quantum rotor model we find $z=1.99(5),\n\\nu=1.00(2)$ and $\\eta=-0.3(1)$ with a critical hopping parameter of\n$t_c=0.0760(5)$. In both cases do we find a correlation length exponent\nconsistent with $\\nu=1$, saturating the bound $\\nu\\ge 2/d$ as well as a value\nof $z$ significantly larger than previous studies, and for the quantum rotor\nmodel consistent with $z=d$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lattice Boltzmann method for inhomogeneous fluids: We present a lattice-based numerical method to describe the non equilibrium\nbehavior of a simple fluid under non-uniform spatial conditions. The evolution\nequation for the one-particle phase-space distribution function is derived\nstarting from a microscopic description of the system. It involves a series of\napproximations which are similar to those employed in theories of inhomogeneous\nfluids, such as Density Functional theory. Among the merits of the present\napproach: the possibility to determine the equation of state of the model, the\ntransport coefficients and to provide an efficient method of numerical solution\nunder non-uniform conditions. The algorithm is tested in a particular non\nequilibrium situation, namely the steady flow of a hard-sphere fluid across a\nnarrow slit. Pronounced non-hydrodynamic oscillations in the density and\nvelocity profiles are found.",
        "positive": "Mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising model with uniaxial and biaxial\n  single-ion anisotropy on Bethe lattice: The mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising model on the Bethe lattice with both\nuniaxial as well as biaxial single-ion anisotropy terms is exactly solved by\ncombining star-triangle and triangle-star mapping transformations with exact\nrecursion relations. Magnetic properties (magnetization, phase diagrams and\ncompensation phenomenon) are investigated in detail. The particular attention\nis focused on the effect of uniaxial and biaxial single-ion anisotropies that\nbasically influence the magnetic behavior of the spin-1 atoms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of the two-dimensional XY model from functional\n  renormalization: We solve the nonperturbative renormalization-group flow equations for the\ntwo-dimensional XY model at the truncation level of the (complete) second-order\nderivative expansion. We compute the thermodynamic properties in the\nhigh-temperature phase and compare the non-universal features specific to the\nXY model with results from Monte Carlo simulations. In particular, we study the\nposition and magnitude of the specific heat peak as a function of temperature.\nThe obtained results compare well with Monte Carlo simulations. We additionally\ngauge the accuracy of simplified nonperturbative renormalization-group\ntreatments relying on $\\phi^4$-type truncations. Our computation indicates that\nsuch an approximation is insufficient in the high-$T$ phase and a correct\nanalysis of the specific heat profile requires account of an infinite number of\ninteraction vertices.",
        "positive": "Accurate Monte Carlo critical exponents for Ising lattices: A careful Monte Carlo investigation of the phase transition very close to the\ncritical point (T -> Tc, H -> 0) in relatively large d = 3, s = 1/2 Ising\nlattices did produce critical exponents beta = 0.3126(4) =~ 5/16, delta^{-1} =\n0.1997(4) =~ 1/5 and gamma_{3D} = 1.253(4) =~ 5/4. Our results indicate that,\nwithin experimental error, they are given by simple fractions corresponding to\nthe linear interpolations between the respective two-dimensional (Onsager) and\nfour-dimensional (mean field) critical exponents. An analysis of our inverse\nsusceptibility data chi^{-1}(T) vs. /T - Tc/ shows that these data lead to a\nvalue of gamma_{3D} compatible with gamma' = gamma and Tc = 4.51152(12), while\ngamma values obtained recently by high and low temperature series expansions\nand renormalization group methods are not."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A fluctuation theorem for currents and non-linear response coefficients: We use a recently proved fluctuation theorem for the currents to develop the\nresponse theory of nonequilibrium phenomena. In this framework, expressions for\nthe response coefficients of the currents at arbitrary orders in the\nthermodynamic forces or affinities are obtained in terms of the fluctuations of\nthe cumulative currents and remarkable relations are obtained which are the\nconsequences of microreversibility beyond Onsager reciprocity relations.",
        "positive": "Tracer dynamics in a single-file system with absorbing boundary: The paper addresses the single-file diffusion in the presence of an absorbing\nboundary. The emphasis is on an interplay between the hard-core interparticle\ninteraction and the absorption process. The resulting dynamics exhibits several\nqualitatively new features. First, starting with the exact probability density\nfunction for a given particle (a tracer), we study the long-time asymptotics of\nits moments. Both the mean position and the mean square displacement are\ncontrolled by dynamical exponents which depend on the initial order of the\nparticle in the file. Secondly, conditioning on non-absorption, we study the\ndistribution of long-living particles. In the conditioned framework, the\ndynamical exponents are the same for all particles, however, a given particle\npossesses an effective diffusion coefficient which depends on its initial\norder. After performing the thermodynamic limit, the conditioned dynamics of\nthe tracer is subdiffusive, the generalized diffusion coefficient $D_{1/2}$\nbeing different from that reported for the system without absorbing boundary."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-stage melting of an inter-component Potts long-range order in two\n  dimensions: Interplay of topology and competing interactions can induce new phases and\nphase transitions at finite temperatures. We consider a weakly coupled\ntwo-dimensional hexatic-nematic XY model with a relative $Z_3$ Potts degrees of\nfreedom,and apply the matrix product state method to solve this model\nrigorously. Since the partition function is expressed as a product of\ntwo-legged one-dimensional transfer matrix operator, an entanglement entropy of\nthe eigenstate corresponding to the maximal eigenvalue of this transfer\noperator can be used as a stringent criterion to determine various phase\ntransitions precisely. At low temperatures, the inter-component $Z_3$ Potts\nlong-range order (LRO) exists, indicating that the hexatic and nematic fields\nare locked together and their respective vortices exhibit quasi-LRO. In the\nhexatic regime, below the BKT transition of the hexatic vortices, the\ninter-component $Z_3$ Potts LRO appears, accompanying with the binding of\nnematic vortices. In the nematic regime, however, the inter-component $Z_3$\nPotts LRO undergoes a two-stage melting process. An intermediate Potts liquid\nphase emerges between the Potts ordered and disordered phases, characterized by\nan algebraic correlation with formation of charge-neutral pairs of both hexatic\nand nematic vortices. These two-stage phase transitions are associated with the\nproliferation of the domain walls and vortices of the relative $Z_3$ Potts\nvariable, respectively. Our results thus provide a prototype example of\ntwo-stage melting of a two-dimensional long-range order, driven by multiple\ntopological defects.",
        "positive": "Estimate for the fractal dimension of the Apollonian gasket in d\n  dimensions: We adapt a recent theory for the random close packing of polydisperse spheres\nin three dimensions [R. S. Farr and R. D. Groot, J. Chem. Phys. {\\bf 131}\n244104 (2009)] in order to predict the Hausdorff dimension $d_{A}$ of the\nApollonian gasket in dimensions 2 and above. Our approximate results agree with\npublished values in $2$ and $3$ dimensions to within $0.05%$ and $0.6%$\nrespectively, and we provide predictions for dimensions $4$ to $8$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Assisted exchange models in one dimension: We introduce an assisted exchange model (AEM) on a one dimensional periodic\nlattice with (K+1) different species of hard core particles, where the exchange\nrate depends on the pair of particles which undergo exchange and their\nimmediate left neighbor. We show that this stochastic process has a pair\nfactorized steady state for a broad class of exchange dynamics. We calculate\nexactly the particle current and spatial correlations (K+1)-species AEM using a\ntransfer matrix formalism. Interestingly the current in AEM exhibits density\ndependent current reversal and negative differential mobility- both of which\nhave been discussed elaborately by using a two species exchange model which\nresembles the partially asymmetric conserved lattice gas model in one\ndimension. Moreover, multi-species version of AEM exhibits additional features\nlike multiple points of current reversal, and unusual response of particle\ncurrent.",
        "positive": "Generalized Green-Kubo formulas for fluids with impulsive, dissipative,\n  stochastic and conservative interactions: We present a generalization of the Green-Kubo expressions for thermal\ntransport coefficients $\\mu$ in complex fluids of the generic form, $\\mu=\n\\mu_\\infty +\\int^\\infty_0 dt V^{-1} < J_\\epsilon \\exp(t {\\cal L}) J >_0$, i.e.\na sum of an instantaneous transport coefficient $\\mu_\\infty$, and a time\nintegral over a time correlation function in a state of thermal equilibrium\nbetween a current $J$ and a transformed current $J_\\epsilon$. The streaming\noperator $\\exp(t{\\cal L})$ generates the trajectory of a dynamical variable\n$J(t) =\\exp(t{\\cal L}) J$ when used inside the thermal average $<...>_0$. These\nformulas are valid for conservative, impulsive (hard spheres), stochastic and\ndissipative forces (Langevin fluids), provided the system approaches a thermal\nequilibrium state. In general $\\mu_\\infty \\neq 0$ and $J_\\epsilon \\neq J$,\nexcept for the case of conservative forces, where the equality signs apply. The\nmost important application in the present paper is the hard sphere fluid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Full Counting Statistics of Charge in Quenched Quantum Gases: Unless constrained by symmetry, measurement of an observable in a quantum\nsystem returns a distribution of values which are encoded in the full counting\nstatistics. While the mean value of this distribution is important for\ndetermining certain properties of a system, the full distribution can also\nexhibit universal behavior. In this paper we study the full counting statistics\nof particle number in one dimensional interacting Bose and Fermi gases which\nhave been quenched far from equilibrium. In particular we consider the time\nevolution of the Lieb-Liniger and Gaudin-Yang models quenched from a\nBose-Einstein condensate initial state and calculate the full counting\nstatistics of the particle number within a subsystem. We show that the scaled\ncumulants of the charge in the initial state and at long times are simply\nrelated and in particular the latter are independent of the model parameters.\nUsing the quasi-particle picture we obtain the full time evolution of the\ncumulants and find that although their endpoints are fixed, the finite time\ndynamics depends strongly on the model parameters. We go on to construct the\nscaled cumulant generating functions and from this determine the limiting\ncharge probability distributions at long time which are shown to exhibit\ndistinct non-trivial and non-Gaussian fluctuations and large deviations.",
        "positive": "Analysis of an information-theoretic model for communication: We study the cost-minimization problem posed by Ferrer i Cancho and Sol\\'e in\ntheir model of communication that aimed at explaining the origin of Zipf's law\n[PNAS 100, 788 (2003)]. Direct analysis shows that the minimum cost is $\\min\n{\\lambda, 1-\\lambda}$, where $\\lambda$ determines the relative weights of\nspeaker's and hearer's costs in the total, as shown in several previous works\nusing different approaches. The nature and multiplicity of the minimizing\nsolution changes discontinuously at $\\lambda=1/2$, being qualitatively\ndifferent for $\\lambda < 1/2$, $\\lambda > 1/2$, and $\\lambda=1/2$. Zipf's law\nis found only in a vanishing fraction of the minimum-cost solutions at $\\lambda\n= 1/2$ and therefore is not explained by this model. Imposing the further\ncondition of equal costs yields distributions substantially closer to Zipf's\nlaw, but significant differences persist. We also investigate the solutions\nreached by the previously used minimization algorithm and find that they\ncorrectly recover global minimum states at the transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Growing length and time scales in glass forming liquids: We study the growing time scales and length scales associated with dynamical\nslow down for a realistic glass former, using computer simulations. We perform\nfinite size scaling to evaluate a length scale associated with dynamical\nheterogeneity which grows as temperature decreases. However, relaxation times\nwhich also grow with decreasing temperature, do not show the same kind of\nscaling behavior with system size as the dynamical heterogeneity, indicating\nthat relaxation times are not solely determined by the length scale of\ndynamical heterogeneity. We show that relaxation times are instead determined,\nfor all studied system sizes and temperatures, by configurational entropy, in\naccordance with the Adam-Gibbs relation, but in disagreement with theoretical\nexpectations based on spin-glass models that configurational entropy is not\nrelevant at temperatures substantially above the critical temperature of mode\ncoupling theory. The temperature dependence of the heterogeneity length scale\nshows significant deviations from theoretical expectations, and the length\nscale one may extract from the system size dependence of the configurational\nentropy has much weaker temperature dependence compared to the heterogeneity\nlength scale at all studied temperatures. Our results provide new insights into\nthe dynamics of glass-forming liquids and pose serious challenges to existing\ntheoretical descriptions.",
        "positive": "Two-dimensional multicomponent Abelian-Higgs lattice models: We study the two-dimensional lattice multicomponent Abelian-Higgs model,\nwhich is a lattice compact U(1) gauge theory coupled with an N-component\ncomplex scalar field, characterized by a global SU(N) symmetry. In agreement\nwith the Mermin-Wagner theorem, the model has only a disordered phase at finite\ntemperature and a critical behavior is only observed in the zero-temperature\nlimit. The universal features are investigated by numerical analyses of the\nfinite-size scaling behavior in the zero-temperature limit. The results show\nthat the renormalization-group flow of the 2D lattice N-component Abelian-Higgs\nmodel is asymptotically controlled by the infinite gauge-coupling fixed point,\nassociated with the universality class of the 2D CP(N-1) field theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Casimir repulsion between metallic objects in vacuum: We give an example of a geometry in which two metallic objects in vacuum\nexperience a repulsive Casimir force. The geometry consists of an elongated\nmetal particle centered above a metal plate with a hole. We prove that this\ngeometry has a repulsive regime using a symmetry argument and confirm it with\nnumerical calculations for both perfect and realistic metals. The system does\nnot support stable levitation, as the particle is unstable to displacements\naway from the symmetry axis.",
        "positive": "Information Theory - The Bridge Connecting Bounded Rational Game Theory\n  and Statistical Physics: A long-running difficulty with conventional game theory has been how to\nmodify it to accommodate the bounded rationality of all real-world players. A\nrecurring issue in statistical physics is how best to approximate joint\nprobability distributions with decoupled (and therefore far more tractable)\ndistributions. This paper shows that the same information theoretic\nmathematical structure, known as Product Distribution (PD) theory, addresses\nboth issues. In this, PD theory not only provides a principled formulation of\nbounded rationality and a set of new types of mean field theory in statistical\nphysics. It also shows that those topics are fundamentally one and the same."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Parametric Resonance Phenomena in Bose-Einstein Condensates: Enhanced\n  Quantum Tunneling of Coherent Matter Pulses: We investigate the quantum tunneling of a Bose-Einstein condensate confined\nin a optical trap. We show that periodic pulses of coherent matter are emitted\nfrom the trap by using an oscillating energy barrier. Moreover, the emitted\nfraction of condensed atoms strongly increases if the period of oscillation of\nthe height of the energy barrier is in parametric resonance with the period of\noscillation of the center of mass of the condensate inside the potential well.\nOur model is analyzed by numerically solving the nonpolynomial Schrodinger\nequation (NPSE), an effective one-dimensional equation which describes the\nmacroscopic wavefunction of Bose condensates under transverse harmonic\nconfinement. The range of validity of NPSE is discussed and compared with that\nof Gross-Pitaevskii equation.",
        "positive": "The role of stationarity in magnetic crackling noise: We discuss the effect of the stationarity on the avalanche statistics of\nBarkhuasen noise signals. We perform experimental measurements on a\nFe$_{85}$B$_{15}$ amorphous ribbon and compare the avalanche distributions\nmeasured around the coercive field, where the signal is stationary, with those\nsampled through the entire hysteresis loop. In the first case, we recover the\nscaling exponents commonly observed in other amorphous materials ($\\tau=1.3$,\n$\\alpha=1.5$). while in the second the exponents are significantly larger\n($\\tau=1.7$, $\\alpha=2.2$). We provide a quantitative explanation of the\nexperimental results through a model for the depinning of a ferromagnetic\ndomain wall. The present analysis shed light on the unusually high values for\nthe Barkhausen noise exponents measured by Spasojevic et al. [Phys. Rev. E 54\n2531 (1996)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement dynamics in short and long-range harmonic oscillators: We study the time evolution of the entanglement entropy in the short and\nlong-range coupled harmonic oscillators that have well-defined continuum limit\nfield theories. We first introduce a method to calculate the entanglement\nevolution in generic coupled harmonic oscillators after quantum quench. Then we\nstudy the entanglement evolution after quantum quench in harmonic systems that\nthe couplings decay effectively as $1/r^{d+\\alpha}$ with the distance $r$.\nAfter quenching the mass from non-zero value to zero we calculate numerically\nthe time evolution of von Neumann and R\\'enyi entropies. We show that for\n$1<\\alpha<2$ we have a linear growth of entanglement and then saturation\nindependent of the initial state. For $0<\\alpha<1$ depending on the initial\nstate we can have logarithmic growth or just fluctuation of entanglement. We\nalso calculate the mutual information dynamics of two separated individual\nharmonic oscillators. Our findings suggest that in our system there is no\nparticular connection between having a linear growth of entanglement after\nquantum quench and having a maximum group velocity or generalized Lieb-Robinson\nbound.",
        "positive": "The moment sum-rules for ionic liquids at criticality: We discuss the first three well known moment charge-charge sum-rules for a\ngeneral ionic liquid. For the special symmetric case of the Restricted\nPrimitive Model, Das et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 215701 (2011)] has recently\ndiscovered, through Monte Carlo simulations, that the Stillinger-Lovett or\nsecond-moment sum-rule fails at criticality. We critically discuss a possible\nexplanation for this unexpected behavior. On the other hand the fourth-moment\nsum-rule turns out to be able to account for the results of the simulations at\ncriticality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Thermodynamically-Consistent Non-Ideal Stochastic Hard-Sphere Fluid: A grid-free variant of the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is\nproposed, named the Isotropic DSMC (I-DSMC) method, that is suitable for\nsimulating dense fluid flows at molecular scales. The I-DSMC algorithm\neliminates all grid artifacts from the traditional DSMC algorithm; it is\nGalilean invariant and microscopically isotropic. The stochastic collision\nrules in I-DSMC are modified to yield a non-ideal structure factor that gives\nconsistent compressibility, as first proposed in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101:075902\n(2008)]. The resulting Stochastic Hard Sphere Dynamics (SHSD) fluid is\nempirically shown to be thermodynamically identical to a deterministic\nHamiltonian system of penetrable spheres interacting with a linear core pair\npotential, well-described by the hypernetted chain (HNC) approximation. We\napply a stochastic Enskog kinetic theory for the SHSD fluid to obtain estimates\nfor the transport coefficients that are in excellent agreement with particle\nsimulations over a wide range of densities and collision rates. The fluctuating\nhydrodynamic behavior of the SHSD fluid is verified by comparing its dynamic\nstructure factor against theory based on the Landau-Lifshitz Navier-Stokes\nequations. We also study the Brownian motion of a nano-particle suspended in an\nSHSD fluid and find a long-time power-law tail in its velocity autocorrelation\nfunction consistent with hydrodynamic theory and molecular dynamics\ncalculations.",
        "positive": "Statistical properties of the Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur stock exchange\n  indices before and after crash: Using the tools developed for statistical physics, we simultaneously analyze\nstatistical properties of the Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange indices.\nIn spite of the small number of data used in the analysis, the result shows the\nuniversal behavior of complex systems previously found in the leading stock\nindices. We also analyze their features before and after the financial crisis.\nWe found that after the crisis both stocks do not show a same statistical\nbehavior. The impact of currency controls is observed in the distribution of\nindex returns."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical renormalization group of vortex aggregation in 2D decaying\n  turbulence: the role of three-body interactions: In this paper, we introduce a numerical renormalization group procedure which\npermits long-time simulations of vortex dynamics and coalescence in a 2D\nturbulent decaying fluid. The number of vortices decreases as $N\\sim t^{-\\xi}$,\nwith $\\xi\\approx 1$ instead of the value $\\xi=4/3$ predicted by a na\\\"{\\i}ve\nkinetic theory. For short time, we find an effective exponent $\\xi\\approx 0.7$\nconsistent with previous simulations and experiments. We show that the mean\nsquare displacement of surviving vortices grows as $<x^2>\\sim t^{1+\\xi/2}$.\nIntroducing effective dynamics for two-body and three-body collisions, we\njustify that only the latter become relevant at small vortex area coverage. A\nkinetic theory consistent with this mechanism leads to $\\xi=1$. We find that\nthe theoretical relations between kinetic parameters are all in good agreement\nwith experiments.",
        "positive": "Enhancing correlation times for edge spins through dissipation: Spin chains with open boundaries, such as the transverse field Ising model,\ncan display coherence times for edge spins that diverge with the system size as\na consequence of almost conserved operators, the so-called strong zero modes.\nHere, we discuss the fate of these coherence times when the system is perturbed\nin two different ways. First, we consider the effects of a unitary coupling\nconnecting the ends of the chain; when the coupling is weak and\nnon-interacting, we observe stable long-lived harmonic oscillations between the\nstrong zero modes. Second, and more interestingly, we consider the case when\ndynamics becomes dissipative. While in general dissipation induces decoherence\nand loss of information, here we show that particularly simple environments can\nactually enhance correlation times beyond those of the purely unitary case.\nThis allows us to generalise the notion of strong zero modes to irreversible\nMarkovian time-evolutions, thus defining conditions for {\\em dissipative strong\nzero maps}. Our results show how dissipation could, in principle, play a useful\nrole in protocols for storing information in quantum devices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Resonance between Noise and Delay: We propose here a stochastic binary element whose transition rate depends on\nits state at a fixed interval in the past. With this delayed stochastic\ntransition this is one of the simplest dynamical models under the influence of\n``noise'' and ``delay''. We demonstrate numerically and analytically that we\ncan observe resonant phenomena between the oscillatory behavior due to noise\nand that due to delay.",
        "positive": "Exact quantum dynamics of selected observables in integrable and\n  nonintegrable open many-body systems: We address dynamics of open many-body systems governed by the\nGorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad (GKSL) equation. We attempt to solve this\nequation in the Heisenberg representation, i.e. for observables, not states. We\ndemonstrate that there are broad classes of models where the GKSL equation can\nbe solved (essentially) exactly for certain observables. In the simplest case,\nthe only effect of dissipation is an exponential decay on top of a coherent\ndynamics. This is true, in particular, for the total energy, provided the\nHamiltonian is an eigenoperator of the dissipation superoperator - no matter\nwhether the model is integrable or not. In more complex cases, dissipation\nalters the dynamics in a much more profound way. As an example, we solve the\nGKSL equation for a set of observables in a dissipative one-dimensional $XX$\nmodel. It turns out that the observables experience the Wannier-Stark\nlocalization in the Krylov space of operators. As a result, the expectation\nvalues of the observables are linear combinations of a discrete set of decay\nmodes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic Critical Behavior of the Heisenberg Model with Strong Easy Plane\n  Anisotropy: The dynamic critical behavior of the Heisenberg model with a strong\nanisotropy of the exchange constant in the z direction is investigated. The\nmain features of the time evolution of this model are revealed. The static and\ndynamic critical behavior of planar magnetic models is shown to be described\nwell by the Heisenberg model with strong easy plane anisotropy.",
        "positive": "Zeroes in the Complex Beta Plane Of 2D Ising Block Spin Boltzmannians: Effective Boltzmannians in the sense of the block spin renormalization group\nare computed for the 2D Ising model. The blocking is done with majority and\nKadanoff rules for blocks of size 2 by 2. Transfer matrix techniques allow the\ndetermination of the effective Boltzmannians as polynomials in u=exp(4 Beta)\nfor lattices of up to 4 by 4 blocks. The zeroes of these polynomials are\ncomputed for all non-equivalent block spin configurations. Their distribution\nin the complex Beta plane reflects the regularity structure of the block spin\ntransformation. In the case of the Kadanoff rule spurious zeroes approach the\npositive real Beta axis at large values of Beta. They might be related to the\nrenormalization group pathologies discussed in the literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Comparison of High-Frequency Cross-Correlation Measures: On a high-frequency scale the time series are not homogeneous, therefore\nstandard correlation measures can not be directly applied to the raw data.\nThere are two ways to deal with this problem. The time series can be\nhomogenised through an interpolation method \\cite{Dacorogna} (linear or\nprevious tick) and then the Pearson correlation statistic computed. Recently,\nmethods that can handle raw non-synchronous time series have been developed\n\\cite{Reno1,deJong}. This paper compares two traditional methods that use\ninterpolation with an alternative method applied directly to the actual time\nseries.",
        "positive": "Percolation in a kinetic opinion exchange model: We study the percolation transition of the geometrical clusters in the square\nlattice LCCC model (a kinetic opinion exchange model introduced by Lallouache\net al. in Phys. Rev. E 82 056112 (2010)) with the change in conviction and\ninfluencing parameter. The cluster comprises of the adjacent sites having an\nopinion value greater than or equal to a prefixed threshold value of opinion\n(\\Omega). The transition point is different from that obtained for the\ntransition of the order parameter (average opinion value) found by Lallouache\net al. Although the transition point varies with the change in the threshold\nvalue of the opinion, the critical exponents for the percolation transition\nobtained from the data collapses of the maximum cluster size, cluster size\ndistribution and Binder cumulant remain same. The exponents are also\nindependent of the values of conviction and influencing parameters indicating\nthe robustness of this transition. The exponents do not match with that of any\nother known percolation exponents (e.g. the static Ising, dynamic Ising,\nstandard percolation) and thus characterizes the LCCC model to belong to a\nseparate universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat generation and transport due to time-dependent forces: We study heat transport for solids in the presence of arbitrary\ntime-dependent force. Using nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) approach we\npresent an exact analytical expression of current for the linear system. We\nfound that the heat current can be expressed in terms of the displacement of\nthe atoms in the center and the self energy of the baths. We carry out the\ncalculation for the oscillatory driven force and study the steady state\nproperties for one-dimensional linear chain and two-dimensional square lattice.\nWe found that the heat current is related to the density of states of the\nsystem and is independent of the bath temperature in ballistic transport. The\nbaths absorb energy only when their intrinsic frquency resonates with the\napplied frequency We also generalize the problem for multiple heat baths with\ndifferent temperatures. We also discuss the effect due to nonlinear\ninteractions in the center.",
        "positive": "Mean perimeter of the convex hull of a random walk in a semi-infinite\n  medium: We study various properties of the convex hull of a planar Brownian motion,\ndefined as the minimum convex polygon enclosing the trajectory, in the presence\nof an infinite reflecting wall. Recently, in a Rapid Communication [Phys. Rev.\nE \\textbf{91}, 050104(R) (2015)], we announced that the mean perimeter of the\nconvex hull at time $t$, rescaled by $\\sqrt{Dt}$, is a non-monotonous function\nof the initial distance to the wall. In the present article, we first give all\nthe details of the derivation of this mean rescaled perimeter, in particular\nits value when starting from the wall and near the wall. We then determine the\nphysical mechanism underlying this surprising non-monotonicity of the mean\nrescaled perimeter by analyzing the impact of the wall on two complementary\nparts of the convex hull. Finally, we provide a further quantification of the\nconvex hull by determining the mean length of the portion of the reflecting\nwall visited by the Brownian motion as a function of the initial distance to\nthe wall."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Essentially entropic lattice Boltzmann model: Theory and simulations: We present a detailed description of the essentially entropic lattice\nBoltzmann model. The entropic lattice Boltzmann model guarantees unconditional\nnumerical stability by iteratively solving the nonlinear entropy evolution\nequation. In this paper we explain the construction of closed-form analytic\nsolutions to this equation. We demonstrate that near equilibrium this exact\nsolution reduces to the standard lattice Boltzmann model. We consider a few\ntest cases to show that the exact solution does not exhibit any significant\ndeviation from the iterative solution. We also extend the analytical solution\nfor the ES-BGK model to remove the limitation on the Prandtl number for heat\ntransfer problems. The simplicity of the exact solution removes the\ncomputational overhead and algorithmic complexity associated with the entropic\nlattice Boltzmann models.",
        "positive": "Crossover between displacive and order-disorder phase transition: The phase transition in a 3D array of classical anharmonic oscillators with\nharmonic nearest-neighbour coupling (discrete $\\phi^4$ model) is studied by\nMonte Carlo (MC) simulations and by analytical methods. The model allows to\nchoose a single dimensionless parameter a determining completely the behaviour\nof the system. Changing a from 0 to $+\\infty$ allows to go continuously from\nthe displacive to the order-disorder limit. We calculate the transition\ntemperature $T_c$ and the temperature dependence of the order parameter down to\nT=0 for a wide range of the parameter a. The $T_c$ from MC calculations shows\nan excellent agreement with the known asymptotic values for small and large a.\nThe obtained MC results are further compared with predictions of the mean-field\nand independent-mode approximations as well as with predictions of our own\napproximation scheme.\n  In this approximation, we introduce an auxiliary system, which yields\napproximately the same temperature behaviour of the order parameter, but allows\nthe decoupling of the phonon modes.\n  Our approximation gives the value of $T_c$ within an error of 5% and\nsatisfactorily describes the temperature dependence of the order parameter for\nall values of a."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Binary fluids under steady shear in three dimensions: We simulate by lattice Boltzmann the steady shearing of a binary fluid\nmixture with full hydrodynamics in three dimensions. Contrary to some\ntheoretical scenarios, a dynamical steady state is attained with finite\ncorrelation lengths in all three spatial directions. Using large simulations we\nobtain at moderately high Reynolds numbers apparent scaling expon ents\ncomparable to those found by us previously in 2D. However, in 3D there may be a\ncrossover to different behavior at low Reynolds number: accessing this regime\nrequires even larger computational resource than used here.",
        "positive": "Finite current stationary states of random walks on one-dimensional\n  lattices with aperiodic disorder: Stationary states of random walks with finite induced drift velocity on\none-dimensional lattices with aperiodic disorder are investigated by scaling\nanalysis. Three aperiodic sequences, the Thue-Morse (TM), the paperfolding\n(PF), and the Rudin-Shapiro (RS) sequences, are used to construct the aperiodic\ndisorder. These are binary sequences, composed of two symbols A and B, and the\nratio of the number of As to that of Bs converges to unity in the infinite\nsequence length limit, but their effects on diffusional behavior are different.\nFor the TM model, the stationary distribution is extended, as in the case\nwithout current, and the drift velocity is independent of the system size. For\nthe PF model and the RS model, as the system size increases, the hierarchical\nand fractal structure and the localized structure, respectively, are broken by\na finite current and changed to an extended distribution if the system size\nbecomes larger than a certain threshold value. Correspondingly, the drift\nvelocity is saturated in a large system while in a small system it decreases as\nthe system size increases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The collective motion of self-propelled particles affected by the\n  spatial-dependent noise: We study the collective motion of self-propelled particles affected by the\nspatial-dependent noise based on the Vicsek rules. Only the particles inside\nthe special region will affected by noise. The consideration of the\nspatial-dependent noise is closer to reality because of the complexity of the\nenvironment. Interestingly, we find that there exists an optimal amplitude of\nnoise to adjust the average motional direction of the system. Particular\norientation of the noisy region makes the motional direction of the system\nparallel to the orientation of the noisy region. The adjustment of the motional\ndirection of the system also depends on the shape, the proportion and the\nspatial distribution of the noisy region. Our findings may inspire the capture\nof the key features of collective motion underlying various phenomena.",
        "positive": "Long-range correlations in a locally driven exclusion process: We show that the presence of a driven bond in an otherwise diffusive lattice\ngas with simple exclusion interaction results in long-range density-density\ncorrelation in its stationary state. In dimensions $d>1$ we show that in the\nthermodynamic limit this correlation decays as $C(r,s)\\sim (r^2+s^2)^{-d}$ at\nlarge distances $r$ and $s$ away from the drive with $|r-s|>>1$. This is\nderived using an electrostatic analogy whereby $C(r,s)$ is expressed as the\npotential due to a configuration of electrostatic charges distributed in\n$2d$-dimension. At bulk density $\\rho=1/2$ we show that the potential is that\nof a localized quadrupolar charge. At other densities the same is correct in\nleading order in the strength of the drive and is argued numerically to be\nvalid at higher orders."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion in generalized hydrodynamics and quasiparticle scattering: We extend beyond the Euler scales the hydrodynamic theory for quantum and\nclassical integrable models developed in recent years, accounting for diffusive\ndynamics and local entropy production. We review how the diffusive scale can be\nreached via a gradient expansion of the expectation values of the conserved\nfields and how the coefficients of the expansion can be computed via integrated\nsteady-state two-point correlation functions, emphasising that PT-symmetry can\nfully fix the inherent ambiguity in the definition of conserved fields at the\ndiffusive scale. We develop a form factor expansion to compute such correlation\nfunctions and we show that, while the dynamics at the Euler scale is completely\ndetermined by the density of single quasiparticle excitations on top of the\nlocal steady state, diffusion is due to scattering processes among\nquasiparticles, which are only present in truly interacting systems. We then\nshow that only two-quasiparticle scattering processes contribute to the\ndiffusive dynamics. Finally we employ the theory to compute the exact spin\ndiffusion constant of a gapped XXZ spin-1/2 chain at finite temperature and\nhalf-filling, where we show that spin transport is purely diffusive.",
        "positive": "Kinetics of phase separation in thermally isolated critical binary\n  fluids: Spinodal decomposition in a near-critical binary fluid is examined for\nexperimental scenarios in which the liquid is quenched abruptly by changing the\npressure and the subsequent phase separation occurs with no heat flow from the\noutside, i.e., adiabatically. Equations of motion for the system volume and\neffective temperature are derived. It is shown that for this case that the\nnonequilibrium decomposition process is well approximated as one of constant\nentropy, i.e., as thermodynamically reversible. Quantitative comparison, with\nno adjustable parameters, is made with experimental light scattering data of\nBailey and Cannell [$\\rm {Phys.\\ Rev.\\ Lett.\\ }{\\bf 70}$, 2110 (1993)]. It is\nfound that including these adiabatic effects accounts for most of the\ndiscrepancies between these experiments and previous isothermal theory. The\nequilibrium static critical properties of the isothermal theory are also\nexamined, this discussion serving to justify some approximations in the current\ntheory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Properties of pattern formation and selection processes in\n  nonequilibrium systems with external fluctuations: We extend the phase field crystal method for nonequilibrium patterning to\nstochastic systems with external source where transient dynamics is essential.\nIt was shown that at short time scales the system manifests pattern selection\nprocesses. These processes are studied by means of the structure function\ndynamics analysis. Nonequilibrium pattern-forming transitions are analyzed by\nmeans of numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic properties of rod-like chains: entropic sampling\n  simulations: In this work we apply entropic sampling simulations to a three-state model\nwhich has exact solutions in the microcanonical and grand-canonical ensembles.\nWe consider $N$ chains placed on an unidimensional lattice, such that each site\nmay assume one of three-states: empty (state 1), with a single molecule\nenergetically null (state 2), and with a single molecule with energy\n$\\varepsilon$ (state 3). Each molecule, which we will treat here as dimers,\nconsists of two monomers connected one to each other by a rod. The\nthermodynamic properties, such as internal energy, densities of dimers and\nspecific heat were obtained as functions of temperature where the analytic\nresults in the micro-canonical and grand-canonical ensembles were successfully\nconfirmed by the entropic sampling simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficiency and Large Deviations in Time-Asymmetric Stochastic Heat\n  Engines: In a stochastic heat engine driven by a cyclic non-equilibrium protocol,\nfluctuations in work and heat give rise to a fluctuating efficiency. Using\ncomputer simulations and tools from large deviation theory, we have examined\nthese fluctuations in detail for a model two-state engine. We find in general\nthat the form of efficiency probability distributions is similar to those\ndescribed by Verley et al. [2014 Nat Comm, 5 4721], in particular featuring a\nlocal minimum in the long-time limit. In contrast to the time-symmetric engine\nprotocols studied previously, however, this minimum need not occur at the value\ncharacteristic of a reversible Carnot engine. Furthermore, while the local\nminimum may reside at the global minimum of a large deviation rate function, it\ndoes not generally correspond to the least likely efficiency measured over\nfinite time. We introduce a general approximation for the finite-time\nefficiency distribution, $P(\\eta)$, based on large deviation statistics of work\nand heat, that remains very accurate even when $P(\\eta)$ deviates significantly\nfrom its large deviation form.",
        "positive": "Monte-Carlo simulations of the smeared phase transition in a contact\n  process with extended defects: We study the nonequilibrium phase transition in a contact process with\nextended quenched defects by means of Monte-Carlo simulations. We find that the\nspatial disorder correlations dramatically increase the effects of the\nimpurities. As a result, the sharp phase transition is completely destroyed by\nsmearing. This is caused by effects similar to but stronger than the usual\nGriffiths phenomena, viz., rare strongly coupled spatial regions can undergo\nthe phase transition independently from the bulk system. We determine both the\nstationary density in the vicinity of the smeared transition and its time\nevolution, and we compare the simulation results to a recent theory based on\nextremal statistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic response of a disordered binary ferromagnetic alloy to an\n  oscillating magnetic field: By means of Monte Carlo simulation with local spin update Metropolis\nalgorithm, we have elucidated non-equilibrium phase transition properties and\nstationary-state treatment of a disordered binary ferromagnetic alloy of the\ntype $A_{p}B_{1-p}$ on a square lattice. After a detailed analysis, we have\nfound that the system shows many interesting and unusual thermal and magnetic\nbehaviors, for instance, the locations of dynamic phase transition points\nchange significantly depending upon amplitude and period of the external\nmagnetic field as well as upon the active concentration of $A-$ type\ncomponents. Much effort has also been dedicated to clarify the hysteresis\ntools, such as coercivity, dynamic loop area as well as dynamic correlations\nbetween time dependent magnetizations and external time dependent applied field\nas a functions of period and amplitude of field as well as active concentration\nof of $A-$ type components, and outstanding physical findings have been\nreported in order to better understand the dynamic process underlying present\nsystem.",
        "positive": "Random Matrix Analysis of Multiplex Networks: We investigate the spectra of adjacency matrices of multiplex networks under\nrandom matrix theory (RMT) framework. Through extensive numerical experiments,\nwe demonstrate that upon multiplexing two random networks, the spectra of the\ncombined multiplex network exhibit superposition of two Gaussian orthogonal\nensemble (GOE)s for very small multiplexing strength followed by a smooth\ntransition to the GOE statistics with an increase in the multiplexing strength.\nInterestingly, randomness in the connection architecture, introduced by random\nrewiring to 1D lattice, of at least one layer may govern nearest neighbor\nspacing distribution (NNSD) of the entire multiplex network, and in fact, can\ndrive to a transition from the Poisson to the GOE statistics or vice versa.\nNotably, this transition transpires for a very small number of the random\nrewiring corresponding to the small-world transition. Ergo, only one layer\nbeing represented by the small-world network is enough to yield GOE statistics\nfor the entire multiplex network. Spectra of adjacency matrices of underlying\ninteraction networks have been contemplated to be related with dynamical\nbehaviour of the corresponding complex systems, the investigations presented\nhere have implications in achieving better structural and dynamical control to\nthe systems represented by multiplex networks against structural perturbation\nin only one of the layers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Residual discrete symmetry of the five-state clock model: It is well-known that the $q$-state clock model can exhibit a\nKosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition if $q$ is equal to or greater than a\ncertain threshold, which has been believed to be five. However, recent\nnumerical studies indicate that helicity modulus does not vanish in the\nhigh-temperature phase of the five-state clock model as predicted by the KT\nscenario. By performing Monte Carlo calculations under the fluctuating twist\nboundary condition, we show that it is because the five-state clock model does\nnot have the fully continuous U(1) symmetry even in the high-temperature phase\nwhile the six-state clock model does. We suggest that the upper transition of\nthe five-state clock model is actually a weaker cousin of the KT transition so\nthat it is $q \\ge 6$ that exhibits the genuine KT behavior.",
        "positive": "Cluster formation and anomalous fundamental diagram in an ant trail\n  model: A recently proposed stochastic cellular automaton model ({\\it J. Phys. A 35,\nL573 (2002)}), motivated by the motions of ants in a trail, is investigated in\ndetail in this paper. The flux of ants in this model is sensitive to the\nprobability of evaporation of pheromone, and the average speed of the ants\nvaries non-monotonically with their density. This remarkable property is\nanalyzed here using phenomenological and microscopic approximations thereby\nelucidating the nature of the spatio-temporal organization of the ants. We find\nthat the observations can be understood by the formation of loose clusters,\ni.e. space regions of enhanced, but not maximal, density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bias Analysis in Entropy Estimation: We consider the problem of finite sample corrections for entropy estimation.\nNew estimates of the Shannon entropy are proposed and their systematic error\n(the bias) is computed analytically. We find that our results cover correction\nformulas of current entropy estimates recently discussed in literature. The\ntrade-off between bias reduction and the increase of the corresponding\nstatistical error is analyzed.",
        "positive": "Polydisperse fluid mixtures of adhesive colloidal particles: We investigate polydispersity effects on the average structure factor of\ncolloidal suspensions of neutral particles with surface adhesion. A sticky hard\nsphere model alternative to Baxter's one is considered. The choice of\nfactorizable stickiness parameters in the potential allows a simple analytic\nsolution, within the ``mean spherical approximation'', for any number of\ncomponents and arbitrary stickiness distribution. Two particular cases are\ndiscussed: i) all particles have different sizes but equal stickiness (Model\nI), and ii) each particle has a stickiness proportional to its size (Model II).\nThe interplay between attraction and polydispersity yields a markedly different\nbehaviour for the two Models in regimes of strong coupling (i.e. strong\nadhesive forces and low temperature) and large polydispersity. These results\nare then exploited to reanalyze experimental scattering data on sterically\nstabilized silica particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Increase of complexity from classical Greek to Latin poetry: In this paper we develop a method to analyze the increase of complexity from\nclassical Greek poetry to classical Latin poetry by mapping large samples of\nthose poetry onto a symbolic time series. This mapping setup intends\ncharacterize regular succession of rhythms, that is, the patterns of stressed\nand unstressed syllables in a verse. Using techniques from information theory,\nmore precisely, certain Renyi entropy we show how the rhythmical patterns in\nGreek poetry evolve to more complex behavior in Latin poetry. Some interesting\nresults are reported.",
        "positive": "Exact boundary free energy of the open XXZ chain with arbitrary boundary\n  conditions: We derive an exact formula for the boundary free energy of the open\nHeisenberg XXZ spin chain. We allow for arbitrary boundary magnetic fields, but\nassume zero bulk magnetization. The result is completely analogous to earlier\nformulas for the so-called $g$-function: it is expressed as a combination of\nsingle integrals and two simple Fredholm determinants. Our expressions can be\nevaluated easily using numerical algorithms with arbitrary precision. We\ndemonstrate that the boundary free energy can show a wide variety of behaviour\nas a function of the temperature, depending on the anisotropy and the boundary\nfields. We also compute the low temperature limit of the boundary free energy,\nand reproduce the known results for the ground state boundary energy, including\nthe case of non-diagonal fields."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Kinetic Roughening in Polymer Film Growth by Vapor Deposition: This is a Comment on a recent publication: Y.-P. Zhao et al., Phys. Rev.\nLett. 85, 3229 (2000). In the Letter, the authors report on an experimental\ninvestigation of polymeric (p-xylene) thin film growth and propose a new\nuniversality class not previously known. Here, we point out that the critical\nexponents reported in the Letter are consistent with the critical exponents of\nDas Sarma-Tamborenea growth model.",
        "positive": "Island formation without attractive interactions: We show that adsorbates on surfaces can form islands even if there are no\nattractive interactions. Instead strong repulsion between adsorbates at short\ndistances can lead to islands, because such islands increase the entropy of the\nadsorbates that are not part of the islands. We suggest that this mechanism\ncause the observed island formation in O/Pt(111), but it may be important for\nmany other systems as well."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Recursive structures in the multispecies TASEP: We consider a multi-species generalization of the totally asymmetric simple\nexclusion process (TASEP) with the simple hopping rule: for x and yth-class\nparticles (x<y), the transition xy -> yx occurs with a rate independent from\nthe values x and y. P. A. Ferrari and J. Martin (2007) obtained the stationary\nstate of this model thanks to a combinatorial algorithm, which was subsequently\ninterpreted as a matrix product representation by Evans et al. (2009). This\n`matrix ansatz' shows that the stationary state of the multi-species TASEP with\nN classes of particles (N-TASEP) can be constructed algebraically by the action\nof an operator on the (N-1)-TASEP stationary state. Besides, Arita et al.\n(2009) analyzed the spectral structure of the Markov matrix: they showed that\nthe set of eigenvalues of the N-TASEP contains those of the (N-1)-TASEP and\nthat the various spectral inclusions can be encoded in a hierarchical\nset-theoretic structure known as the Hasse diagram. Inspired by these works, we\ndefine nontrivial operators that allow us to construct eigenvectors of the\nN-TASEP by lifting the eigenvectors of the (N-1)-TASEP. This goal is achieved\nby generalizing the matrix product representation and the Ferrari-Martin\nalgorithm. In particular, we show that the matrix ansatz is not only a\nconvenient tool to write the stationary state but in fact intertwines Markov\nmatrices of different values of N.",
        "positive": "Segregation by thermal diffusion in granular shear flows: Segregation by thermal diffusion of an intruder immersed in a sheared\ngranular gas is analyzed from the (inelastic) Boltzmann equation. Segregation\nis induced by the presence of a temperature gradient orthogonal to the shear\nflow plane and parallel to gravity. We show that, like in analogous systems\nwithout shear, the segregation criterion yields a transition between upwards\nsegregation and downwards segregation. The form of the phase diagrams is\nillustrated in detail showing that they depend sensitively on the value of\ngravity relative to the thermal gradient. Two specific situations are\nconsidered: i) absence of gravity, and ii) homogeneous temperature. We find\nthat both mechanisms (upwards and downwards segregation) are stronger and more\nclearly separated when compared with segregation criteria in systems without\nshear."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic model for the glass transition: deeply supercooled liquids\n  as mixtures of solid-like and liquid-like micro-regions: For a deeply supercooled liquid just above its glass transition temperature,\nwe present a simple thermodynamic model, where the deeply supercooled liquid is\nassumed to be a mixture of solid-like and liquid-like micro regions. The mole\nfraction of the liquid-like regions controls the thermodynamic properties of\nthe supercooled liquid while that of the solid-like regions controls its\nrelaxation time or viscosity. From the universal temperature dependence of the\nmolar excess entropy for the deeply supercooled liquids, we derive the\ntemperature dependence of the mole fraction of the liquid-like regions to\nobtain the universal temperature dependence of the relaxation time or the\nviscosity for the deeply supercooled liquids. A central parameter of our model\nis then shown to be a measure for the fragility of a supercooled liquid. We\nalso suggest a way to test our physical picture of deeply supercooled liquids\nby means of molecular dynamics simulations of model liquids.",
        "positive": "Evidence of dispersion relations for the nonlinear response of the\n  Lorenz 63 system: Along the lines of the nonlinear response theory developed by Ruelle, in a\nprevious paper we have proved under rather general conditions that\nKramers-Kronig dispersion relations and sum rules apply for a class of\nsusceptibilities describing at any order of perturbation the response of Axiom\nA non equilibrium steady state systems to weak monochromatic forcings. We\npresent here the first evidence of the validity of these integral relations for\nthe linear and the second harmonic response for the perturbed Lorenz 63 system,\nby showing that numerical simulations agree up to high degree of accuracy with\nthe theoretical predictions. Some new theoretical results, showing how to\nobtain recursively harmonic generation susceptibilities for general\nobservables, are also presented. Our findings confirm the conceptual validity\nof the nonlinear response theory, suggest that the theory can be extended for\nmore general non equilibrium steady state systems, and shed new light on the\napplicability of very general tools, based only upon the principle of\ncausality, for diagnosing the behavior of perturbed chaotic systems and\nreconstructing their output signals, in situations where the\nfluctuation-dissipation relation is not of great help."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From single-particle to collective effective temperatures in an active\n  fluid of self-propelled particles: We present a comprehensive analysis of effective temperatures based on\nfluctuation-dissipation relations in a model of an active fluid composed of\nself-propelled hard disks. We first investigate the relevance of effective\ntemperatures in the dilute and moderately dense fluids. We find that a unique\neffective temperature does not in general characterize the non-equilibrium\ndynamics of the active fluid over this broad range of densities, because\nfluctuation-dissipation relations yield a lengthscale-dependent effective\ntemperature. By contrast, we find that the approach to a non-equilibrium glass\ntransition at very large densities is accompanied by the emergence of a unique\neffective temperature shared by fluctuations at all lengthscales. This suggests\nthat an effective thermal dynamics generically emerges at long times in very\ndense suspensions of active particles due to the collective freezing occurring\nat non-equilibrium glass transitions.",
        "positive": "Multiscale modelling strategy using the lattice Boltzmann method for\n  polymer dynamics in a turbulent flow: Polymer dynamics in a turbulent flow is a problem spanning several orders of\nmagnitude of length and time scales. A microscopic simulation covering all\nthose scales from the polymer segment to the inertial scale of turbulence seems\nimpossible within the foreseeable future. We propose a multiscale simulation\nstrategy to enhance the spatio-temporal resolution of local Lagrangian\nturbulent flow by matching two different simulation techniques, i. e. direct\nnumerical simulation for the flow as a whole, and the lattice Boltzmann method\ncoupled to polymer dynamics at the Kolmogorov dissipation scale. Local\nturbulent flows sampled by Lagrangian tracer particles in the direct numerical\nsimulation are reproduced in the lattice Boltzmann model with a finer\nresolution, by supplying the latter with both the correct initial condition as\nwell as the correct time-dependent boundary condition, sampled from the former.\nWhen combined with a Molecular Dynamics simulation of a polymer chain in the\nlattice Boltzmann model, it provides a strategy to simulate the \\emph{passive}\ndynamics of a polymer chain in a turbulent flow covering all those scales.\nWhile this approach allows for a fairly realistic model of the macromolecule,\nthe back-coupling to the flow on the large scales is missing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Static and dynamical aspects of the metastable states of first order\n  transition systems: We numerically study the metastable states of the 2d Potts model. Both of\nequilibrium and relaxation properties are investigated focusing on the finite\nsize effect. The former is investigated by finding the free energy extremal\npoint by the Wang-Landau sampling and the latter is done by observing the\nMetropolis dynamics after sudden heating. It is explicitly shown that with\nincreasing system size the equilibrium spinodal temperature approaches the\nbistable temperature in a power-law and the size-dependence of the nucleation\ndynamics agrees with it. In addition, we perform finite size scaling of the\nfree energy landscape at the bistable point.",
        "positive": "Stochastic parameterization of subgrid-scale processes: A review of\n  recent physically-based approaches: We review some recent methods of subgrid-scale parameterization used in the\ncontext of climate modeling. These methods are developed to take into account\n(subgrid) processes playing an important role in the correct representation of\nthe atmospheric and climate variability. We illustrate these methods on a\nsimple stochastic triad system relevant for the atmospheric and climate\ndynamics, and we show in particular that the stability properties of the\nunderlying dynamics of the subgrid processes has a considerable impact on their\nperformances."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ageing effects in single particle trajectory averages: We study time averages of single particle trajectories in scale free\nanomalous diffusion processes, in which the measurement starts at some time\nt_a>0 after initiation of the process at the time origin, t=0. Using ageing\nrenewal theory we show that for such non-stationary processes a large class of\nobservables are affected by a unique ageing function, which is independent of\nboundary conditions or the external forces. We quantify the weakly non-ergodic\nnature of this process in terms of the distribution of time averages and the\nergodicity breaking parameter which both explicitly depend on the ageing time\nt_a. Consequences for the interpretation of single particle tracking data are\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Structural Properties of Potts Model Partition Functions and Chromatic\n  Polynomials for Lattice Strips: partial abstract: The $q$-state Potts model partition function (equivalent to\nthe Tutte polynomial) for a lattice strip of fixed width $L_y$ and arbitrary\nlength $L_x$ has the form\n$Z(G,q,v)=\\sum_{j=1}^{N_{Z,G,\\lambda}}c_{Z,G,j}(\\lambda_{Z,G,j})^{L_x}$, where\n$v$ is a temperature-dependent variable. The special case of the\nzero-temperature antiferromagnet ($v=-1$) is the chromatic polynomial $P(G,q)$.\nUsing coloring and transfer matrix methods, we give general formulas for\n$C_{X,G}=\\sum_{j=1}^{N_{X,G,\\lambda}}c_{X,G,j}$ for $X=Z,P$ on cyclic and\nM\\\"obius strip graphs of the square and triangular lattice. Combining these\nwith a general expression for the (unique) coefficient $c_{Z,G,j}$ of degree\n$d$ in $q$: $c^{(d)}=U_{2d}(\\frac{\\sqrt{q}}{2})$, where $U_n(x)$ is the\nChebyshev polynomial of the second kind, we determine the number of\n$\\lambda_{Z,G,j}$'s with coefficient $c^{(d)}$ in $Z(G,q,v)$ for these cyclic\nstrips of width $L_y$ to be $n_Z(L_y,d)=(2d+1)(L_y+d+1)^{-1} {2L_y \\choose\nL_y-d}$ for $0 \\le d \\le L_y$ and zero otherwise. For both cyclic and M\\\"obius\nstrips of these lattices, the total number of distinct eigenvalues\n$\\lambda_{Z,G,j}$ is calculated to be $N_{Z,L_y,\\lambda}={2L_y \\choose L_y}$.\nWe point out that $N_{Z,L_y,\\lambda}=2N_{DA,tri,L_y}$ and\n$N_{P,L_y,\\lambda}=2N_{DA,sq,L_y}$, where $N_{DA,\\Lambda,n}$ denotes the number\nof directed lattice animals on the lattice $\\Lambda$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Periodic potential can enormously boost free particle transport induced\n  by active fluctuations: Active fluctuations are detected in a growing number of systems due to\nself-propulsion mechanisms or collisions with active environment. They drive\nthe system far from equilibrium and can induce phenomena which at equilibrium\nstates are forbidden by e.g. fluctuation-dissipation relations and detailed\nbalance symmetry. Understanding of their role in living matter is emerging as a\nchallenge for physics. Here we demonstrate a paradoxical effect in which a free\nparticle transport induced by active fluctuations can be boosted by many orders\nof magnitude when the particle is additionally subjected to a periodic\npotential. In contrast, within the realm of only thermal fluctuations the\nvelocity of a free particle exposed to a bias is reduced when the periodic\npotential is switched on. The presented mechanism is significant for\nunderstanding nonequilibrium environments such as living cells where it can\nexplain from a fundamental point of view why spatially periodic structures\nknown as microtubules are necessary to generate impressively effective\nintracellular transport. Our findings can be readily corroborated\nexperimentally e.g. in a setup comprising a colloidal particle in an optically\ngenerated periodic potential.",
        "positive": "Relativistic analysis of stochastic kinematics: The relativistic analysis of stochastic kinematics is developed in order to\ndetermine the transformation of the effective diffusivity tensor in inertial\nframes. Poisson-Kac stochastic processes are initially considered. For\none-dimensional spatial models, the effective diffusion coefficient $D$\nmeasured in a frame $\\Sigma$ moving with velocity $w$ with respect to the rest\nframe of the stochastic process can be expressed as $D= D_0 \\, \\gamma^{-3}(w)$.\nSubsequently, higher dimensional processes are analyzed, and it is shown that\nthe diffusivity tensor in a moving frame becomes non-isotropic with\n$D_\\parallel = D_0 \\, \\gamma^{-3}(w)$, and $D_\\perp = D_0 \\, \\gamma^{-1}(w)$,\nwhere $D_\\parallel$ and $D_\\perp$ are the diffusivities parallel and orthogonal\nto the velocity of the moving frame. The analysis of discrete Space-Time\nDiffusion processes permits to obtain a general transformation theory of the\ntensor diffusivity, confirmed by several different simulation experiments.\nSeveral implications of the theory are also addressed and discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A perturbative path integral study of active and passive tracer\n  diffusion in fluctuating fields: We study the effective diffusion constant of a Brownian particle linearly\ncoupled to a thermally fluctuating scalar field. We use a path integral method\nto compute the effective diffusion coefficient perturbatively to lowest order\nin the coupling constant. This method can be applied to cases where the field\nis affected by the particle (an active tracer), and cases where the tracer is\npassive. Our results are applicable to a wide range of physical problems, from\na protein diffusing in a membrane to the dispersion of a passive tracer in a\nrandom potential. In the case of passive diffusion in a scalar field, we show\nthat the coupling to the field can, in some cases, speed up the diffusion\ncorresponding to a form of stochastic resonance. Our results on passive\ndiffusion are also confirmed via a perturbative calculation of the probability\ndensity function of the particle in a Fokker-Planck formulation of the problem.\nNumerical simulations on simplified systems corroborate our results.",
        "positive": "On the equivalence between the energy and virial routes to the equation\n  of state of hard-sphere fluids: The energy route to the equation of state of hard-sphere fluids is\nill-defined since the internal energy is just that of an ideal gas and thus it\nis independent of density. It is shown that this ambiguity can be avoided by\nconsidering a square-shoulder interaction and taking the limit of vanishing\nshoulder width. The resulting hard-sphere equation of state coincides exactly\nwith the one obtained through the virial route. Therefore, the energy and\nvirial routes to the equation of state of hard-sphere fluids can be considered\nas equivalent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quenched bond randomness in marginal and non-marginal Ising spin models\n  in 2D: We investigate and contrast, via entropic sampling based on the Wang-Landau\nalgorithm, the effects of quenched bond randomness on the critical behavior of\ntwo Ising spin models in 2D. The random bond version of the\nsuperantiferromagnetic (SAF) square model with nearest- and\nnext-nearest-neighbor competing interactions and the corresponding version of\nthe simple Ising model are studied and their general universality aspects are\ninspected by a detailed finite-size scaling (FSS) analysis. We find that, the\nrandom bond SAF model obeys weak universality, hyperscaling, and exhibits a\nstrong saturating behavior of the specific heat due to the competing nature of\ninteractions. On the other hand, for the random Ising model we encounter some\ndifficulties for a definite discrimination between the two well-known scenarios\nof the logarithmic corrections versus the weak universality. Yet, a careful FSS\nanalysis of our data favors the field-theoretically predicted logarithmic\ncorrections.",
        "positive": "Periodic Quantum Tunneling and Parametric Resonance with Cigar-Shaped\n  Bose-Einstein Condensates: We study the tunneling properties of a cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate\nby using an effective 1D nonpolynomial nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger equation (NPSE).\nFirst we investigate a mechanism to generate periodic pulses of coherent matter\nby means of a Bose condensate confined in a potential well with an oscillating\nheight of the energy barrier. We show that is possible to control the periodic\nemission of matter waves and the tunneling fraction of the Bose condensate. We\nfind that the number of emitted particles strongly increases if the period of\noscillation of the height of the energy barrier is in parametric resonance with\nthe period of oscillation of the center of mass of the condensate inside the\npotential well. Then we use NPSE to analyze the periodic tunneling of a\nBose-Einstein condensate in a double-well potential which has an oscillating\nenergy barrier. We show that the dynamics of the Bose condensate critically\ndepends on the frequency of the oscillating energy barrier. The macroscopic\nquantum self-trapping (MQST) of the condensate can be suppressed under the\ncondition of parametric resonance between the frequency of the energy barrier\nand the frequency of oscillation through the barrier of the very small fraction\nof particles which remain untrapped during MQST."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of condensation in the totally asymmetric inclusion process: We study the dynamics of condensation of the inclusion process on a\none-dimensional periodic lattice in the thermodynamic limit, generalising\nrecent results on finite lattices for symmetric dynamics. Our main focus is on\ntotally asymmetric dynamics which have not been studied before, and which we\nalso compare to exact solutions for symmetric systems. We identify all relevant\ndynamical regimes and corresponding time scales as a function of the system\nsize, including a coarsening regime where clusters move on the lattice and\nexchange particles, leading to a growing average cluster size. Suitable\nobservables exhibit a power law scaling in this regime before they saturate to\nstationarity following an exponential decay depending on the system size. Our\nresults are based on heuristic derivations and exact computations for symmetric\nsystems, and are supported by detailed simulation data.",
        "positive": "Shockwave Compression and Joule-Thomson Expansion: Structurally-stable atomistic one-dimensional shockwaves have long been\nsimulated by injecting fresh cool particles and extracting old hot particles at\nopposite ends of a simulation box. The resulting shock profiles demonstrate\ntensor temperature, with the longitudinal temperature exceeding the transverse,\nand Maxwell's delayed response, with stress lagging strainrate and heat flux\nlagging temperature gradient. Here this same geometry, supplemented by a\nshort-ranged external \"plug\" field, is used to simulate steady Joule-Kelvin\nthrottling flow of hot dense fluid through a porous plug, producing a dilute\nand cooler product fluid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probability distribution of the order parameter for the 3D Ising model\n  universality class: a high precision Monte Carlo study: We study the probability distribution P(M) of the order parameter (average\nmagnetization) M, for the finite-size systems at the critical point. The\nsystems under consideration are the 3-dimensional Ising model on a simple cubic\nlattice, and its 3-state generalization known to have remarkably small\ncorrections to scaling. Both models are studied in a cubic box with periodic\nboundary conditions. The model with reduced corrections to scaling makes it\npossible to determine P(M) with unprecedented precision. We also obtain a\nsimple, but remarkably accurate approximate formula describing the universal\nshape of P(M).",
        "positive": "Spectral analysis of electron transfer kinetics II: Electron transfer processes in Debye solvents are studied using a spectral\nanalysis method recently proposed. Spectral structure of a nonadiabatic\ntwo-state diffusion equation is investigated to reveal various kinetic regimes\ncharacterized by a broad range of physical parameters; electronic coupling,\nenergy bias, reorganization energy, and solvent relaxation rate. Within this\nunified framework, several kinetic behaviors of the electron transfer kinetics,\nincluding adiabatic Rabi oscillation, crossover from the nonadiabatic to\nadiabatic limits, transition from the incoherent to coherent kinetic limits,\nand dynamic bath effect, are demonstrated and compared with results from\nprevious theoretical models. Dynamics of the electron transfer system is also\ncalculated with the spectral analysis method. It is pointed out that in the\nlarge reorganization energy case the nonadiabatic diffusion equation exhibits a\nnon-physical behavior, yielding a negative eigenvalue."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adsorption, Segregation and Magnetization of a Single Mn Adatom on the\n  GaAs (110) Surface: Density functional calculations with a large unit cell have been conducted to\ninvestigate adsorption, segregation and magnetization of Mn monomer on\nGaAs(110). The Mn adatom is rather mobile along the trench on GaAs(110), with\nan energy barrier of 0.56 eV. The energy barrier for segregation across the\ntrenches is nevertheless very high, 1.67 eV. The plots of density of states\ndisplay a wide gap in the majority spin channel, but show plenty of\nmetal-induced gap states in the minority spin channel. The Mn atoms might be\ninvisibl in scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images taken with small biases,\ndue to the directional p-d hybridization. For example, one will more likely see\ntwo bright spots on Mn/GaAs(110), despite the fact that there is only one Mn\nadatom in the system.",
        "positive": "Entropic nonextensivity: A possible measure of complexity: An updated review [1] of nonextensive statistical mechanics and\nthermodynamics is colloquially presented. Quite naturally the possibility\nemerges for using the value of q-1 (entropic nonextensivity) as a simple and\nefficient manner to provide, at least for some classes of systems, some\ncharacterization of the degree of what is currently referred to as complexity\n[2]. A few historical digressions are included as well."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of RNA folding: importance of alphabet size: We construct a minimalist model of RNA secondary-structure formation and use\nit to study the mapping from sequence to structure. There are strong,\nqualitative differences between two-letter and four or six-letter alphabets.\nWith only two kinds of bases, there are many alternate folding configurations,\nyielding thermodynamically stable ground-states only for a small set of\nstructures of high designability, i.e., total number of associated sequences.\nIn contrast, sequences made from four bases, as found in nature, or six bases\nhave far fewer competing folding configurations, resulting in a much greater\naverage stability of the ground state.",
        "positive": "Relevance of electron spin dissipative processes to dynamic nuclear\n  polarization via thermal mixing: The available theoretical approaches aiming at describing Dynamic Nuclear\nspin Polarization (DNP) in solutions containing molecules of biomedical\ninterest and paramagnetic centers are not able to model the behaviour observed\nupon varying the concentration of trityl radicals or the polarization\nenhancement caused by moderate addition of gadolinium complexes. In this\nmanuscript, we first show experimentally that the nuclear steady state\npolarization reached in solutions of pyruvic acid with 15 mM trityl radicals is\nsubstantially independent from the average internuclear distance. This\nevidences a leading role of electron (over nuclear) spin relaxation processes\nin determining the ultimate performances of DNP. Accordingly, we have devised a\nvariant of the Thermal Mixing model for inhomogenously broadened electron\nresonance lines which includes a relaxation term describing the exchange of\nmagnetic anisotropy energy of the electron spin system with the lattice. Thanks\nto this additional term, the dependence of the nuclear polarization on the\nelectron concentration can be properly accounted for. Moreover, the model\npredicts a strong increase of the final polarization on shortening the electron\nspin-lattice relaxation time, providing a possible explanation for the effect\nof gadolinium doping."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dominant Reaction Pathways in High Dimensional Systems: This paper is devoted to the development of a theoretical and computational\nframework to efficiently sample the statistically significant thermally\nactivated reaction pathways, in multi-dimensional systems obeying Langevin\ndynamics. We show how to obtain the set of most probable reaction pathways and\ncompute the corrections due to quadratic thermal fluctuations around such\ntrajectories. We discuss how to obtain predictions for the evolution of\narbitrary observables and how to generate conformations which are\nrepresentative of the transition state ensemble. We present an illustrative\nimplementation of our method by studying the diffusion of a point particle in a\n2-dimensional funneled external potential.",
        "positive": "Systematic Semiclassical Expansion for Harmonically Trapped Ideal Bose\n  Gases: Using a field-theoretic approach, we systematically generalize the usual\nsemiclassical approximation for a harmonically trapped ideal Bose gas in such a\nway that its range of applicability is essentially extended. With this we can\nanalytically calculate thermodynamic properties even for small particle\nnumbers. In particular, it now becomes possible to determine the critical\ntemperature as well as the temperature dependence of both heat capacity and\ncondensate fraction in low-dimensional traps, where the standard semiclassical\napproximation is not even applicable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermally driven classical Heisenberg model in one dimension with a\n  local time-varying field: We study thermal transport in the one dimensional classical Heisenberg model\ndriven by boundary heat baths in presence of a local time varying magnetic\nfield that acts at one end of the system. The system is studied numerically\nusing an energy conserving discrete-time odd even dynamics. We find that the\nsteady state energy current shows thermal resonance as the frequency of the\ntime- periodic forcing is varied. When the amplitude of the forcing field is\nincreased the system exhibits multiple resonance peaks instead of a single\npeak. Both single and multiresonance survive in the thermodynamic limit and\ntheir magnitudes increase as the average temperature of the system is\ndecreased. Finally we show that, although a reversed thermal current can be\nmade to flow through the bulk for a certain range of the forcing frequency, the\nsystem fails to behave as a heat pump, thus revalidating the fact that thermal\npumping is generically absent in such force-driven lattices.",
        "positive": "Exact solutions of domain wall and spiral ground states in Hubbard\n  models: We construct a set of exact ground states with a localized ferromagnetic\ndomain wall and an extended spiral structure in a deformed flat-band Hubbard\nmodel. In the case of quarter filling, we show the uniqueness of the ground\nstate with a fixed magnetization. We discuss more realistic situation given by\na band-bending perturbation, which can stabilize these curious structures. We\nstudy the scattering of a conduction electron by the domain wall and the spiral\nspins."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation, sliding, localization and relaxation in topologically\n  closed circuits: Considering a \"random walk in a random environment\" in a topologically closed\ncircuit, we explore the implications of the percolation and sliding transitions\nfor its relaxation modes. A complementary question regarding the\n\"delocalization\" of eigenstates of non-hermitian Hamiltonians has been\naddressed by Hatano, Nelson, and followers. But we show that for a conservative\nstochastic process the implied spectral properties are dramatically different.\nIn particular we determine the threshold for under-damped relaxation, and\nobserve \"complexity saturation\" as the bias is increased.",
        "positive": "Residual entropies for three-dimensional frustrated spin systems with\n  tensor networks: We develop a technique for calculating three-dimensional classical partition\nfunctions using projected entangled-pair states (PEPS). Our method is based on\nvariational PEPS optimization algorithms for two-dimensional quantum spin\nsystems, and allows us to compute free energies directly in the thermodynamic\nlimit. The main focus of this work is classical frustration in\nthree-dimensional many-body systems leading to an extensive ground-state\ndegeneracy. We provide high-accuracy results for the residual entropy of the\ndimer model on the cubic lattice, water-ice $I_h$ and water-ice $I_c$. In\naddition, we show that these systems are in a Coulomb phase by computing the\ndipolar form of the correlation functions. As a further benchmark of our\nmethods, we calculate the critical temperature and exponents of the Ising model\non the cubic lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jamming During the Discharge of Grains from a Silo Described as a\n  Percolating Transition: We have looked into an experiment that has been termed the ``canonical\nexample'' of jamming: granular material, clogging the outlet of a container as\nit is discharged by gravity. We present quantitative data of such an\nexperiment. The experimental control parameter is the ratio between the radius\nof the orifice and the radius of the beads. As this parameter is increased, the\njamming probability decreases. However, in the range of parameters explored, no\nevidence of criticality --in the sense of a jamming probability that becomes\ninfinitely small for a finite radius-- has been found. We draw instead a\ncomparison with a simple model that captures the main features of the\nphenomenon, namely, percolation in one dimension. The model gives indeed a\nphase transition, albeit a special one.",
        "positive": "Disorder-induced critical behavior in driven diffusive systems: Using dynamic renormalization group we study the transport in driven\ndiffusive systems in the presence of quenched random drift velocity with\nlong-range correlations along the transport direction. In dimensions\n$d\\mathopen< 4$ we find fixed points representing novel universality classes of\ndisorder-dominated self-organized criticality, and a continuous phase\ntransition at a critical variance of disorder. Numerical values of the scaling\nexponents characterizing the distributions of relaxation clusters are in good\nagreement with the exponents measured in natural river networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Machine learning memory kernels as closure for non-Markovian stochastic\n  processes: Finding the dynamical law of observable quantities lies at the core of\nphysics. Within the particular field of statistical mechanics, the generalized\nLangevin equation (GLE) comprises a general model for the evolution of\nobservables covering a great deal of physical systems with many degrees of\nfreedom and an inherently stochastic nature. Although formally exact, the GLE\nbrings its own great challenges. It depends on the complete history of the\nobservables under scrutiny, as well as the microscopic degrees of freedom, all\nof which are often inaccessible. We show that these drawbacks can be overcome\nby adopting elements of machine learning from empirical data, in particular\ncoupling a multilayer perceptron (MLP) with the formal structure of the GLE and\ncalibrating the MLP with the data. This yields a powerful computational tool\ncapable of describing noisy complex systems beyond the realms of statistical\nmechanics. It is exemplified with a number of representative examples from\ndifferent fields: from a single colloidal particle and particle chains in a\nthermal bath to climatology and finance, showing in all cases excellent\nagreement with the actual observable dynamics. The new framework offers an\nalternative perspective for the study of non-equilibrium processes opening also\na new route for stochastic modelling.",
        "positive": "The Ising antiferromagnet on an anisotropic simple cubic lattice in the\n  presence of a magnetic field: We have studied the anisotropic three-dimensional nearest-neighbor Ising\nmodel with competitive interactions in an uniform longitudinal magnetic field\n$H$. The model consists of ferromagnetic interaction $J_{x}(J_{z})$ in the\n$x(z)$ direction and antiferromagnetic interaction $J_{y}$ in the $y$\ndirection. We have compared our calculations within a effective-field theory in\nclusters with four spins (EFT-4) in the simple cubic (sc) lattice with\ntraditional Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The phase diagrams in the\n$h-k_{B}T/J_{x}$ plane ($h=H/J_{x}$) were obtained for the particular case\n$\\lambda_{1}=J_{y}/J_{x} (\\lambda_{2}=J_{z}/J_{x})=1$ (anisotropic sc). Our\nresults indicate second-order frontiers for all values of $H$ for the\nparticular case $\\lambda_{2}=0$ (square lattice), while in case\n$\\lambda_{1}=\\lambda_{2}=1$, we observe first- and second-order phase\ntransitions in the low and high temperature limits, respectively, with presence\nof a tricritical point. Using EFT-4, a reentrant behavior at low temperature\nwas observed in contrast with results of MC."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random Networks Growing Under a Diameter Constraint: We study the growth of random networks under a constraint that the diameter,\ndefined as the average shortest path length between all nodes, remains\napproximately constant. We show that if the graph maintains the form of its\ndegree distribution then that distribution must be approximately scale-free\nwith an exponent between 2 and 3. The diameter constraint can be interpreted as\nan environmental selection pressure that may help explain the scale-free nature\nof graphs for which data is available at different times in their growth. Two\nexamples include graphs representing evolved biological pathways in cells and\nthe topology of the Internet backbone. Our assumptions and explanation are\nfound to be consistent with these data.",
        "positive": "Pattern formation in a metastable, gradient-driven sandpile: With a toppling rule which generates metastable sites, we explore the\nproperties of a gradient-driven sandpile that is minimally perturbed at one\nboundary. In two dimensions we find that the transport of grains takes place\nalong deep valleys, generating a set of patterns as the system approaches the\nstationary state. We use two versions of the toppling rule to analyze the time\nbehavior and the geometric properties of clusters of valleys, also discussing\nthe relation between this model and the general properties of models displaying\nself-organized criticality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work Distribution for Unzipping Processes: A simple zipper model is introduced, representing in a simplified way, e.g.,\nthe folded DNA double helix or hairpin structures in RNA. The double stranded\nhairpin is connected to a heat bath at temperature $T$ and subject to an\nexternal force $f$, which couples to the free length $L$ of the unzipped\nsequence. Increasing the force, leads to an zipping/unzipping first-order phase\ntransition at a critical force $f_c(T)$ in the thermodynamic limit of a very\nlarge chain. We compute analytically, as a function of temperature $T$ and\nforce $f$, the full distribution $P(L)$ of free lengths in the thermodynamic\nlimit and show that it is qualitatively very different for $f<f_c$, $f=f_c$ and\n$f>f_c$. Next we consider quasistatic work processes where the force is\nincremented according to a linear protocol. Having obtained $P(L)$ already\nallows us to derive an analytical expression for the work distribution $P(W)$\nin the zipped phase $f<f_c$ for a long chain. We compute the large-deviation\ntails of the work distribution explicitly. Our analytical result for the work\ndistribution is compared over a large range of the support down to\nprobabilities as small as $10^{-200}$ with numerical simulations, which were\nperformed by applying sophisticated large-deviation algorithms.",
        "positive": "Density shift of Bose gas due to the Casimir effect and mean field\n  potential: The shift of density of Bose gas due to the mean field potential (MFP) and\nthe Casimir effect is systematically investigated in the $d$-dimensional\nconfiguration space from the point of thermodynamic consideration. We show\nthat, for $d=3$, the shift of density arises completely due to the Casimir\neffect and, the MFP remains totally ineffective regardless of the state,\ncondensate or non-condensate. But for dimension $d>3$ the MFP plays an active\nrole in shifting the density of Bose gas along with the Casimir interaction.\nThe sign of density shift becomes positive in the present case. So, the\ncorresponding critical temperature shift would be negative, because these two\nshifts are related as $\\Delta n_{c}$/$n_{c}$ $\\approx$ -$\\Delta T_{c}$/$T_{c}$.\nIt is important to note that, the MFP causes a shift of density for $d>3$ even\nwhen the Casimir effect is not there, and the sign of shift becomes negative\nthen; consequently, the critical temperature shift would be positive with MFP\nalone in this particular situation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of frustrated systems: Monte Carlo simulations versus\n  Renormalization Group: We study the critical behavior of frustrated systems by means of Pade-Borel\nresummed three-loop renormalization-group expansions and numerical Monte Carlo\nsimulations. Amazingly, for six-component spins where the transition is second\norder, both approaches disagree. This unusual situation is analyzed both from\nthe point of view of the convergence of the resummed series and from the\npossible relevance of non perturbative effects.",
        "positive": "Nonextensivity and q-distribution of a relativistic gas under an\n  external electromagnetic field: We investigate the nonextensivity and the q-distribution of a relativistic\ngas under an external electromagnetic field. We derive a formula expression of\nthe nonextensive parameter q based on the relativistic generalized Boltzmann\nequation, the relativistic q-H theorem and the relativistic version of\nq-power-law distribution function in the nonextensive q-kinetic theory. We thus\nprovide the connection between the parameter 1-q and the differentiation of the\ntemperature field of the gas as well as the four-potential with respect to time\nand space coordinates, and therefore present the nonextensivity for the gas a\nclearly physical meaning."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Theory of a Bose-Einstein Condensate out of Equilibrium: We consider the interaction between a single-mode quantized perturbing\nexternal field and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) out of equilibrium. The\nusual Rabi type oscillations between the ground and the excited state of the\ncoherent topological modes are observed with a Rabi frequency modified by the\ntwo-body atomic interactions. Taking into account the granular structure of the\nexternal perturbing field reveals the well know phenomena of collapse and\nrevival of the Rabi oscillations. In particular we find that atomic\ninteractions reduce the Rabi frequency and also affect the collapse and revival\nsequence.",
        "positive": "Extremum statistics: A framework for data analysis: Recent work has suggested that in highly correlated systems, such as\nsandpiles, turbulent fluids, ignited trees in forest fires and magnetization in\na ferromagnet close to a critical point, the probability distribution of a\nglobal quantity (i.e. total energy dissipation, magnetization and so forth)\nthat has been normalized to the first two moments follows a specific non\nGaussian curve. This curve follows a form suggested by extremum statistics,\nwhich is specified by a single parameter a (a=1 corresponds to the\nFisher-Tippett Type I (\"Gumbel\") distribution.) Here, we present a framework\nfor testing for extremal statistics in a global observable. In any given\nsystem, we wish to obtain a in order to distinguish between the different\nFisher-Tippett asymptotes, and to compare with the above work. The\nnormalizations of the extremal curves are obtained as a function of a. We find\nthat for realistic ranges of data, the various extremal distributions when\nnormalized to the first two moments are difficult to distinguish. In addition,\nthe convergence to the limiting extremal distributions for finite datasets is\nboth slow and varies with the asymptote. However, when the third moment is\nexpressed as a function of a this is found to be a more sensitive method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computer simulations of supercooled liquid hydrogen mixtures and the\n  possible crystallization slowdown: Metastable liquid mixtures of parahydrogen and orthodeuterium are studied\ntheoretically by means of computer simulations. No reduced propensity of the\nmixture to undergo crystallization is observed, compared to that of pure liquid\nparahydrogen. Demixing of the two species as a precursor of crystallization is\nnot observed either.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation-dissipation relations in the activated regime of simple\n  strong-glass models: We study the out-of-equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation (FD) relations in the\nlow temperature, finite time, physical aging regime of two simple models with\nstrong glass behaviour, the Fredrickson-Andersen model and the square-plaquette\ninteraction model. We explicitly show the existence of unique, waiting-time\nindependent dynamical FD relations. While in the Fredrickson-Andersen model the\nFD theorem is obeyed at all times, the plaquette model displays piecewise\nlinear FD relations, similar to what is found in disordered mean-field models\nand in simulations of supercooled liquids, and despite the fact that its static\nproperties are trivial. We discuss the wider implications of these results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deep Neural Network Detects Quantum Phase Transition: We detect the quantum phase transition of a quantum many-body system by\nmapping the observed results of the quantum state onto a neural network. In the\npresent study, we utilized the simplest case of a quantum many-body system,\nnamely a one-dimensional chain of Ising spins with the transverse Ising model.\nWe prepared several spin configurations, which were obtained using repeated\nobservations of the model for a particular strength of the transverse field, as\ninput data for the neural network. Although the proposed method can be employed\nusing experimental observations of quantum many-body systems, we tested our\ntechnique with spin configurations generated by a quantum Monte Carlo\nsimulation without initial relaxation. The neural network successfully\nclassified the strength of transverse field only from the spin configurations,\nleading to consistent estimations of the critical point of our model $\\Gamma_c\n=J$.",
        "positive": "Local order parameters for use in driving homogeneous ice nucleation\n  with all-atom models of water: We present a local order parameter based on the standard Steinhardt-Ten Wolde\napproach that is capable both of tracking and of driving homogeneous ice\nnucleation in simulations of all-atom models of water. We demonstrate that it\nis capable of forcing the growth of ice nuclei in supercooled liquid water\nsimulated using the TIP4P/2005 model using overbiassed umbrella sampling Monte\nCarlo simulations. However, even with such an order parameter, the dynamics of\nice growth in deeply supercooled liquid water in all-atom models of water are\nshown to be very slow, and so the computation of free energy landscapes and\nnucleation rates remains extremely challenging."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation in continuous stochastic mass transport models: We study the dynamics of condensation for a stochastic continuous mass\ntransport process defined on a one-dimensional lattice. Specifically we\nintroduce three different variations of the truncated random average process.\nWe generalize hereby the regular truncated process by introducing a new\nparameter $\\gamma$ and derive a rich phase diagram in the $\\rho-\\gamma$ plane\nwhere several new phases next to the condensate or fluid phase can be observed.\nLastly we use an extreme value approach in order to describe the conditions of\na condensation transition in the thermodynamic limit. This leads us to a\npossible explanation of the broken ergodicity property expected for truncation\nprocesses.",
        "positive": "Family of non-equilibrium statistical operators and influence of the\n  past on the present: A family of non-equilibrium statistical operators (NSO) is introduced which\ndiffer by the system lifetime distribution over which the quasi-equilibrium\n(relevant) distribution is averaged. This changes the form of the source in the\nLiouville equation, as well as the expressions for the kinetic coefficients,\naverage fluxes, and kinetic equations obtained with use of NSO. It is possible\nto choose a class of lifetime distributions for which thermodynamic limiting\ntransition and to tend to infinity of average lifetime of system is reduced to\nthe result received at exponential distribution for lifetime, used by Zubarev.\nHowever there is also other extensive class of realistic distributions of\nlifetime of system for which and after to approach to infinity of average\nlifetime of system non-equilibrium properties essentially change. For some\ndistributions the effect of \"finite memory\" when only the limited interval of\nthe past influence on behaviour of system is observed. It is shown, how it is\npossible to spend specification the description of effects of memory within the\nlimits of NSO method, more detailed account of influence on evolution of system\nof quickly varying variables through the specified and expanded form of density\nof function of distribution of lifetime. The account of character of history of\nthe system, features of its conduct in the past, can have substantial influence\non non-equilibrium conduct of the system in a present moment time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Operator content of the critical Potts model in d dimensions and\n  logarithmic correlations: Using the symmetric group $S_Q$ symmetry of the $Q$-state Potts model, we\nclassify the (scalar) operator content of its underlying field theory in\narbitrary dimension. In addition to the usual identity, energy and\nmagnetization operators, we find fields that generalize the $N$-cluster\noperators well-known in two dimensions, together with their subleading\ncounterparts. We give the explicit form of all these operators -- up to\nnon-universal constants -- both on the lattice and in the continuum limit for\nthe Landau theory. We compute exactly their two- and three-point correlation\nfunctions on an arbitrary graph in terms of simple probabilities, and give the\ngeneral form of these correlation functions in the continuum limit at the\ncritical point. Specializing to integer values of the parameter $Q$, we argue\nthat the analytic continuation of the $S_Q$ symmetry yields logarithmic\ncorrelations at the critical point in arbitrary dimension, thus implying a\nmixing of some scaling fields by the scale transformation generator. All these\nlogarithmic correlation functions are given a clear geometrical meaning, which\ncan be checked in numerical simulations. Several physical examples are\ndiscussed, including bond percolation, spanning trees and forests, resistor\nnetworks and the Ising model. We also briefly address the generalization of our\napproach to the $O(n)$ model.",
        "positive": "Kinetic theory of two-dimensional point vortices with collective effects: We develop a kinetic theory of point vortices in two-dimensional\nhydrodynamics taking collective effects into account. We first recall the\napproach of Dubin & O'Neil [Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1286 (1988)] that leads to a\nLenard-Balescu-type kinetic equation for axisymmetric flows. When collective\neffects are neglected, it reduces to the Landau-type kinetic equation obtained\nindependently in our previous papers [P.H. Chavanis, Phys. Rev. E 64, 026309\n(2001); Physica A 387, 1123 (2008)]. We also consider the relaxation of a test\nvortex in a \"sea\" (bath) of field vortices. Its stochastic motion is described\nin terms of a Fokker-Planck equation. We determine the diffusion coefficient\nand the drift term by explicitly calculating the first and second order moments\nof the radial displacement of the test vortex from its equations of motion,\ntaking collective effects into account. This generalizes the expressions\nobtained in our previous works. We discuss the scaling with N of the relaxation\ntime for the system as a whole and for a test vortex in a bath."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of error on fluctuations under feedback control: We consider a one-dimensional Brownian motion under nonequilibrium feedback\ncontrol. Generally, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) is violated in\ndriven systems under nonequilibrium conditions. We find that the degree of the\nFDT violation is bounded by the mutual information obtained by the feedback\nsystem when the feedback protocol includes measurement errors. We introduce two\nsimple models to illustrate cooling processes by feedback control and\ndemonstrate analytical results for the cooling limit in those systems.\nEspecially in a steady state, lower bounds to the effective temperature are\ngiven by an inequality similar to the Carnot efficiency.",
        "positive": "Concavity, Response Functions and Replica Energy: In nonadditive systems, like small systems or like long-range interacting\nsystems even in the thermodynamic limit, ensemble inequivalence can be related\nto the occurrence of negative response functions, this in turn being connected\nwith anomalous concavity properties of the thermodynamic potentials associated\nto the various ensembles. We show how the type and number of negative response\nfunctions depend on which of the quantities E, V and N (energy, volume and\nnumber of particles) are constrained in the ensemble. In particular, we\nconsider the unconstrained ensemble in which E, V and N fluctuate, physically\nmeaningful only for nonadditive systems. In fact, its partition function is\nassociated to the replica energy, a thermodynamic function that identically\nvanishes when additivity holds, but that contains relevant information in\nnonadditive systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simulation of percolation on massively-parallel computers: A novel approach to parallelize the well-known Hoshen-Kopelman algorithm has\nbeen chosen, suitable for simulating huge lattices in high dimensions on\nmassively-parallel computers with distributed memory and message passing. This\nmethod consists of domain decomposition of the simulated lattice into strips\nperpendicular to the hyperplane of investigation that is used in the\nHoshen-Kopelman algorithm. Systems of world record sizes, up to L=4000256 in\ntwo dimensions, L=20224 in three, and L=1036 in four, gave precise estimates\nfor the Fisher exponent tau, the corrections to scaling Delta_1, and for the\ncritical number density n_c.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Transport Characteristics of substances in a Rough\n  Potential Field: A Langevin equation is proposed to describe the transport of overdamped\nBrownian particles in a periodic rough potential and driven by an unbiased\nperiodic force. The equation can be transformed into the Fokker-Planck equation\nby using the Kramers-Moyal expansions. The time-dependent solution of\nFokker-Planck equation demonstrates different modes of the probability flow.\nThese modes include creeping in a single direction, direction reversal and\noscillating in both directions in the coordinate space. By varying the\nroughness and noise intensity, the flow can transform between the modes. The\ncorrelation between the noise and space indicates that the noise can maintain\nthe oscillation of the modes and prolong the transient time to the steady state\nat which the flow tends to be zero."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The crystallization of hard disks induced by a temperature gradient: While uniform temperature has no effect on equilibrium properties of\nhard-core systems, its gradient might substantially change their behaviour. In\nparticular, in hard-disk system subject to temperature difference $\\Delta T$\ndisks are repelled from the hot boundary of the system and accumulate at the\ncold one. Using event-driven molecular dynamics simulations we show that for\nsufficiently large $\\Delta T$ or coverage ratio $\\rho^*$, crystal forms at the\ncold boundary. In this spatially inhomogeneous system a significant decrease of\ndiffusivity of disks clearly marks the stationary interface between liquid and\ncrystal. Such a behaviour is also supported through calculation of the radial\ndistribution function and the bond order parameter. Simulations show that for\nthis nonequilibrium system the equipartition of energy holds and velocity obeys\nthe Boltzmann distribution.",
        "positive": "Role of fluctuations in the phase transitions of coupled plaquette spin\n  models of glasses: We study the role of fluctuations on the thermodynamic glassy properties of\nplaquette spin models, more specifically on the transition involving an overlap\norder parameter in the presence of an attractive coupling between different\nreplicas of the system. We consider both short-range fluctuations associated\nwith the local environment on Bethe lattices and long-range fluctuations that\ndistinguish Euclidean from Bethe lattices with the same local environment. We\nfind that the phase diagram in the temperature-coupling plane is very sensitive\nto the former but, at least for the $3$-dimensional (square pyramid) model,\nappears qualitatively or semi-quantitatively unchanged by the latter. This\nsurprising result suggests that the mean-field theory of glasses provides a\nreasonable account of the glassy thermodynamics of models otherwise described\nin terms of the kinetically constrained motion of localized defects and taken\nas a paradigm for the theory of dynamic facilitation. We discuss the possible\nimplications for the dynamical behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the critical behavior of the one dimensional, diffusive pair contact\n  process: The phase transition of the one-dimensional, diffusive pair contact process\n(PCPD) is investigated by N cluster mean-field approximations and high\nprecision simulations. The N=3,4 cluster approximations exhibit smooth\ntransition line to absorbing state by varying the diffusion rate D with\nbeta_2=2 mean-field order parameter exponent of the pair density. This\ncontradicts with former N=2 results, where two different mean-field behavior\nwas found along the transition line. Extensive dynamical simulations on L=10^5\nlattices give estimates for the order parameter exponents of the particles for\n0.05 <= D <= 0.7. These data can support former two distinct class findings.\nHowever the gap between low and high D exponents is narrower than estimated\npreviously and the possibility for interpreting numerical data as a single\nclass behavior with exponents alpha=0.21(1), beta=0.41(1) assuming logarithmic\ncorrections is shown. Finite size scaling and cluster simulation results are\nalso presented.",
        "positive": "Effective one-dimensional description of confined diffusion biased by a\n  transverse gravitational force: Diffusion of point-like non interacting particles in a two-dimensional (2D)\nchannel of varying cross section is considered. The particles are biased by a\nconstant force in the transverse direction. We apply our recurrence mapping\nprocedure, which enables us to derive an effective one-dimensional (1D)\nevolution equation, governing the 1D density of the particles in the channel.\nIn the limit of stationary flow, we arrive at an extended Fick-Jacobs equation,\ncorrected by an effective diffusion coefficient D(x), depending on the\nlongitudinal coordinate x. Our result is an approximate formula for D(x),\ninvolving also influence of the transverse force. Our calculations are verified\non the stationary diffusion in a linear cone, which is exactly solvable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evolutionary reinforcement learning of dynamical large deviations: We show how to calculate the likelihood of dynamical large deviations using\nevolutionary reinforcement learning. An agent, a stochastic model, propagates a\ncontinuous-time Monte Carlo trajectory and receives a reward conditioned upon\nthe values of certain path-extensive quantities. Evolution produces\nprogressively fitter agents, eventually allowing the calculation of a piece of\na large-deviation rate function for a particular model and path-extensive\nquantity. For models with small state spaces the evolutionary process acts\ndirectly on rates, and for models with large state spaces the process acts on\nthe weights of a neural network that parameterizes the model's rates. This\napproach shows how path-extensive physics problems can be considered within a\nframework widely used in machine learning.",
        "positive": "Second to first order phase transition; coevolutionary versus structural\n  balance: In social networks, the balance theory has been studied by considering either\nthe triple interactions between the links (structural balance) or the triple\ninteraction of nodes and links (coevolutionary balance). In the structural\nbalance theory, the links are not independent from each other, implying a\nglobal effect of this term and it leads to a discontinuous phase transition in\nthe system's balanced states as a function of temperature. However, in the\ncoevolutionary balance the links only connect two local nodes and a continuous\nphase transition emerges. In this paper, we consider a combination of both in\norder to understand which of these types of interactions will identify the\nstability of the network. We are interested to see how adjusting the robustness\nof each term versus the other might affect the system to reach a balanced\nstate. We use statistical mechanics methods and the mean field theory and also\nthe Monte-Carlo numerical simulations to investigate the behaviour of the order\nparameters and the total energy of the system. We find the phase diagram of the\nsystem which demonstrates the competition of these two terms at different\nratios against each other and different temperatures. The system shows a\ntricritical point above which the phase transition switches from continuous to\ndiscrete. Also the superiority of the local perspective is observed at low\ntemperatures and the global view will be the dominant term in determining the\nstability of the system at higher temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy of particle packings : an illustration on a toy model: A toy model of particles packings is presented, which consists in arranging\nhexagons on a triangular lattice according to local stability rules. The number\nof stable packings is analytically computed and found to grow exponentially\nwith the size of the lattice, which illustrates the concept of packing entropy\nfirst proposed by Edwards and collaborators. The analysis is carried out for\nboth the monodispersed case and the more interesting, i.e. more disordered,\nbidispersed case.",
        "positive": "Quantum response to time-dependent external fields: Recently, explicit real time dynamics has been studied in various systems.\nThese quantum mechanical dynamics could provide new recipes in information\nprocessing. We study quantum dynamics under time dependent external fields, and\nexplore how to control the quantum state, and also how to bring the state into\na target state. Here, we investigate a pure quantum mechanical dynamics,\ndynamics in quantum Monte Carlo simulation and also in quantum master equation.\nFor the control magnetic states, operators which do not commute with\nmagnetization are important. We study case of the transverse Ising model, in\nwhich we compare natures of thermal and quantum fluctuations. We also study the\ncases of the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction, where we find a peculiar energy\nlevel structure. Moreover we study the case of itinerant magnetic state, where\nwe study the change from the Mott insulator to the Nagaoka ferromagnetic state.\nEffects of dissipation are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The nonlinear dynamics of a bistable energy harvesting system with\n  colored noise disturbances: This paper deals with the nonlinear stochastic dynamics of a piezoelectric\nenergy harvesting system subjected to a harmonic external excitation disturbed\nby Gaussian colored noise. A parametric analysis is conducted, where the\neffects of the standard deviation and the correlation time of colored noise on\nthe system response are investigated. The numerical results suggest a strong\ninfluence of noise on the system response for higher values of correlation time\nand standard deviation, and a low (noise level independent) influence for low\nvalues of correlation time.",
        "positive": "Superfluid to solid crossover in a rotating Bose-Einstein condensed gas: The properties of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a prolate\ncylindrically symmetric trap are explored both analytically and numerically. As\nthe rotation frequency increases, an ever greater number of vortices are\nenergetically favored. Though the cloud anisotropy and moment of inertia\napproach those of a classical fluid at high frequencies, the observed vortex\ndensity is consistently lower than the solid-body estimate. Furthermore, the\nvortices are found to arrange themselves in highly regular triangular arrays,\nwith little distortion even near the condensate surface. These results are\nshown to be a direct consequence of the inhomogeneous confining potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "State dependent jump processes: It\u00f4-Stratonovich interpretations,\n  potential, and transient solutions: The abrupt changes that are ubiquitous in physical and natural systems are\noften well characterized by shot noise with a state dependent recurrence\nfrequency and jump amplitude. For such state dependent behavior, we derive the\ntransition probability for both the It\\^o and Stratonovich jump\ninterpretations, and subsequently use the transition probability to pose a\nmaster equation for the jump process. For exponentially distributed inputs, we\npresent a novel class of transient solutions, as well as a generic steady state\nsolution in terms of a potential function and the Pope-Ching formula. These new\nresults allow us to describe state dependent jumps in a double well potential\nfor steady state particle dynamics, as well as transient salinity dynamics\nforced by state dependent jumps. Both examples showcase a stochastic\ndescription that is more general than the limiting case of Brownian motion to\nwhich the jump process defaults in the limit of infinitely frequent and small\njumps. Accordingly, our analysis may be used to explore a continuum of\nstochastic behavior from infrequent, large jumps to frequent, small jumps\napproaching a diffusion process.",
        "positive": "General H-theorem and entropies that violate the second law: $H$-theorem states that the entropy production is nonnegative and, therefore,\nthe entropy of a closed system should monotonically change in time. In\ninformation processing, the entropy production is positive for random\ntransformation of signals (the information processing lemma). Originally, the\n$H$-theorem and the information processing lemma were proved for the classical\nBoltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon entropy and for the correspondent divergence (the\nrelative entropy). Many new entropies and divergences have been proposed during\nlast decades and for all of them the $H$-theorem is needed. This note proposes\na simple and general criterion to check whether the $H$-theorem is valid for a\nconvex divergence $H$ and demonstrates that some of the popular divergences\nobey no $H$-theorem. We consider systems with $n$ states $A_i$ that obey first\norder kinetics (master equation). A convex function $H$ is a Lyapunov function\nfor all master equations with given equilibrium if and only if its conditional\nminima properly describe the equilibria of pair transitions $A_i\n\\rightleftharpoons A_j$. This theorem does not depend on the principle of\ndetailed balance and is valid for general Markov kinetics. Elementary analysis\nof pair equilibria demonstrates that the popular Bregman divergences like\nEuclidean distance or Itakura-Saito distance in the space of distribution\ncannot be the universal Lyapunov functions for the first-order kinetics and can\nincrease in Markov processes. Therefore, they violate the second law and the\ninformation processing lemma. In particular, for these measures of information\n(divergences) random manipulation with data may add information to data. The\nmain results are extended to nonlinear generalized mass action law kinetic\nequations. In Appendix, a new family of the universal Lyapunov functions for\nthe generalized mass action law kinetics is described."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations relation and external thermostats: an application to\n  granular materials: In this note we discuss a paradigmatic example of interacting particles\nsubject to non conservative external forces and to the action of thermostats\nconsisting of external (finite) reservoirs of particles. We then consider a\nmodel of granular materials of interest for experimental tests that had\nrecently attracted lot of attentions. This model can be reduced to the\npreviously discussed example under a number of assumptions, in particular that\ninelasticity due to internal collisions can be neglected for the purpose of\nmeasuring the large deviation functional for entropy production rate. We show\nthat if the restitution coefficient in the granular material model is close to\none, then the required assuptions are verified on a specific time scale and we\npredict a fluctuation relation for the entropy production rate measured on the\nsame time scale.",
        "positive": "Extension of the Uhlenbeck-Ford Model with an Attraction: The Uhlenbeck-Ford model for soft repulsion, which has only a repulsive\ninteraction, is extended by inclusion of an attraction. This extension still\nallows an analytical evaluation of the virial coefficients. The integrals over\nthe graph contributions are reduced to a combinatorial problem. We have\ncalculated the virial coefficients to order 6 in the density. A link is made\nbetween this model and more common interactions, like the 12-6 Lennard-Jones\npotential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sensitivity of the thermodynamics of two-dimensional systems towards the\n  topological classes of their surfaces: Using Monte Carlo simulations we study the two-dimensional Ising model on\ntriangular, square, and hexagonal lattices with various topologies. We focus on\nthe behavior of the magnetic susceptibility and of the specific heat near the\ncritical point of the planar bulk system. We find that scaling functions of\nthese quantities on the spherical surface (Euler characteristic K = 2) differ\nfrom the scaling functions on the projective plane (K = 1) which, in turn,\ndiffer from the scaling functions on the torus and on the Klein bottle (both K\n= 0). This provides strong evidence that phase transitions of the Ising model\non two-dimensional surfaces depend on their topologies.",
        "positive": "Finite size scaling of the dynamical free-energy in a kinetically\n  constrained model: We determine the finite size corrections to the large deviation function of\nthe activity in a kinetically constrained model (the Fredrickson-Andersen model\nin one dimension), in the regime of dynamical phase coexistence. Numerical\nresults agree with an effective model where the boundary between active and\ninactive regions is described by a Brownian interface."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Growth Models and Models of Turbulence : A Stochastic Quantization\n  Perspective: We consider a class of growth models and models of turbulence based on the\nrandomly stirred fluid. The similarity between the predictions of these models,\nnoted a decade earlier, is understood on the basis of a stochastic quantization\nscheme.",
        "positive": "Generalized entropy production fluctuation theorems for quantum systems: Based on trajectory dependent path probability formalism in state space, we\nderive generalized entropy production fluctuation relations for a quantum\nsystem in the presence of measurement and feedback. We have obtained these\nresults for three different cases: (i) the system is evolving in isolation from\nits surroundings; (ii) the system being weakly coupled to a heat bath; and\n(iii) system in contact with reservoir using quantum Crooks fluctuation\ntheorem. In case (iii), we build on the treatment carried out in [H. T. Quan\nand H. Dong, arxiv/cond-mat: 0812.4955], where a quantum trajectory has been\ndefined as a sequence of alternating work and heat steps. The obtained entropy\nproduction fluctuation theorems retain the same form as in the classical case.\nThe inequality of second law of thermodynamics gets modified in the presence of\ninformation. These fluctuation theorems are robust against intermediate\nmeasurements of any observable performed with respect to von Neumann projective\nmeasurements as well as weak or positive operator valued measurements."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Charge Transport in the Dense Two-Dimensional Coulomb Gas: The dynamics of a globally neutral system of diffusing Coulomb charges in two\ndimensions, driven by an applied electric field, is studied in a wide\ntemperature range around the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. I\nargue that the commonly accepted ``free particle drift'' mechanism of charge\ntransport in this system is limited to relatively low particle densities. For\nhigher densities, I propose a modified picture involving collective ``partner\ntransfer'' between bound pairs. The new picture provides a natural explanation\nfor recent experimental and numerical findings which deviate from standard\ntheory. It also clarifies the origin of dynamical scaling in this context.",
        "positive": "Front Propagation in Chaotic and Noisy Reaction-Diffusion Systems: a\n  Discrete-Time Map Approach: We study the front propagation in Reaction-Diffusion systems whose reaction\ndynamics exhibits an unstable fixed point and chaotic or noisy behaviour. We\nhave examined the influence of chaos and noise on the front propagation speed\nand on the wandering of the front around its average position. Assuming that\nthe reaction term acts periodically in an impulsive way, the dynamical\nevolution of the system can be written as the convolution between a spatial\npropagator and a discrete-time map acting locally. This approach allows us to\nperform accurate numerical analysis. They reveal that in the pulled regime the\nfront speed is basically determined by the shape of the map around the unstable\nfixed point, while its chaotic or noisy features play a marginal role. In\ncontrast, in the pushed regime the presence of chaos or noise is more relevant.\nIn particular the front speed decreases when the degree of chaoticity is\nincreased, but it is not straightforward to derive a direct connection between\nthe chaotic properties (e.g. the Lyapunov exponent) and the behaviour of the\nfront. As for the fluctuations of the front position, we observe for the noisy\nmaps that the associated mean square displacement grows in time as $t^{1/2}$ in\nthe pushed case and as $t^{1/4}$ in the pulled one, in agreement with recent\nfindings obtained for continuous models with multiplicative noise. Moreover we\nshow that the same quantity saturates when a chaotic deterministic dynamics is\nconsidered for both pushed and pulled regimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Irreversibility and Entropy Production in Transport Phenomena II --\n  Statistical-mechanical Theory on Steady States including Thermal Disturbance\n  and Energy Supply: Some general aspects of nonlinear transport phenomena are discussed on the\nbasis of two kinds of formulations obtained by extending Kubo's perturbational\nscheme of the density matrix and Zubarev's non-equilibrium statistical operator\nformulation. Both formulations are extended up to infinite order of an external\nforce in compact forms and their relationship is clarified through a direct\ntransformation.",
        "positive": "Unified approach to Quantum and Classical Dualities: We show how classical and quantum dualities, as well as duality relations\nthat appear only in a sector of certain theories (\"emergent dualities\"), can be\nunveiled, and systematically established. Our method relies on the use of\nmorphisms of the \"bond algebra\" of a quantum Hamiltonian. Dualities are\ncharacterized as unitary mappings implementing such morphisms, whose even\npowers become symmetries of the quantum problem. Dual variables -which were\nguessed in the past- can be derived in our formalism. We obtain new\nself-dualities for four-dimensional Abelian gauge field theories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum gas distributions prescribed by factorization hypothesis of\n  probability: Nonextensive quantum gas distributions are investigated on the basis of the\nfactorization hypothesis of compound probability required by thermodynamic\nequilibrium. It is shown that the formalisms of Tsallis nonextensive\nstatistical mechanics with normalized average give distribution functions for\nstandard bosons and fermions obeying Pauli principle. The formalism with\nunnormalized average leads to a intermediate quantum distribution comparable to\nthat of fractional exclusion statistics, with Fermi surface at T=0 depending on\nthe parameter $q$.",
        "positive": "Mean area of the convex hull of a run and tumble particle in two\n  dimensions: We investigate the statistics of the convex hull for a single run-and-tumble\nparticle in two dimensions. Run-and-tumble particle, also known as persistent\nrandom walker, has gained significant interest in the recent years due to its\nbiological application in modelling the motion of bacteria. We consider two\ndifferent statistical ensembles depending on whether (i) the total number of\ntumbles $n$ or (ii) the total observation time $t$ is kept fixed. Benchmarking\nthe results on perimeter, we study the statistical properties of the area of\nthe convex hull for RTP. Exploiting the connections to extreme value\nstatistics, we obtain exact analytical expressions for the mean area for both\nensembles. For fixed-$t$ ensemble, we show that the mean possesses a scaling\nform in $\\gamma t$ (with $\\gamma$ being the tumbling rate) and the\ncorresponding scaling function is exactly computed. Interestingly, we find that\nit exhibits crossover from $\\sim t^3$ scaling at small times $\\left( t \\ll\n\\gamma ^{-1} \\right)$ to $\\sim t$ scaling at large times $\\left( t \\gg \\gamma\n^{-1} \\right)$. On the other hand, for fixed-$n$ ensemble, the mean expectedly\ngrows linearly with $n$ for $n \\gg 1$. All our analytical findings are\nsupported with numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions and phase diagrams of the interacting\n  monomer-dimer model on a checkerboard lattice: Using the tensor network approach, we investigate the monomer-dimer models on\na checkerboard lattice, in which there are interactions (with strength $\\nu$)\nbetween the parallel dimers on half of the plaquettes. For the fully packed\ninteracting dimer model, we observe a Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition\nbetween the lowtemperature symmetry breaking and the high-temperature critical\nphases; for the doped monomer-dimer casewith finite chemical potential $\\mu$,\nwe also find an order-disorder phase transition which is of second order\ninstead. We use the boundary matrix product state approach to detect the KT and\nsecond-order phase transitions and obtain the phase diagrams $\\nu-T$ and\n$\\mu-T$ . Moreover, for the noninteracting monomer-dimer model (setting $\\mu =\n\\nu = 0$), we get an extraordinarily accurate determination of the free energy\nper site (negative of the monomer-dimer constant $h_2$) as $f=-0.662\\, 798\\,\n972\\, 833\\, 746$ with the dimer density $n=0.638\\, 123\\, 109\\, 228\\, 547$, both\nof 15 correct digits.",
        "positive": "System Size Stochastic Resonance from the Viewpoint of the\n  Nonequilibrium Potential: We analyze the phenomenon of system size stochastic resonance in a simple\nspatially extended system by exploiting the knowledge of the nonequilibrium\npotential. We show that through the analysis of that potential, and\nparticularly its \"symmetry\", we can obtain a clear physical interpretation of\nthis phenomenon in a wide class of extended systems, and also analyze, for the\nsame simple model, the effect of a general class of boundary conditions\n(albedo) on this kind of phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation of sticks: effect of stick alignment and length dispersity: Using Monte Carlo simulation, we studied the percolation of sticks, i.e.\nzero-width rods, on a plane paying special attention to the effects of stick\nalignment and their length dispersity. The stick lengths were distributed in\naccordance with log-normal distributions, providing a constant mean length with\ndifferent widths of distribution. Scaling analysis was performed to obtain the\npercolation thresholds in the thermodynamic limits for all values of the\nparameters. Greater alignment of the sticks led to increases in the percolation\nthreshold while an increase in length dispersity decreased the percolation\nthreshold. A fitting formula has been proposed for the dependency of the\npercolation threshold both on stick alignment and on length dispersity.",
        "positive": "Modified Thermodynamics as an Approach to the Description of some\n  Universal Properties of \"Nearly Perfect Fluids\": We show that the quantum statistical mechanics describing quantum and thermal\nproperties of objects has only the sense of a particular semiclassical\napproximation. We propose a more general (than that theory) microdescription of\nobjects in a heat bath taking a vacuum into account as an object environment;\nwe call it $(\\hbar,k)-$dynamics ($\\hbar kD)$. We introduce a new generative\noperator, a Schr\\\"odingerian or a stochastic action operator, and will show its\nfundamental role in the determination of such macroquantities as internal\nenergy, effective temperature, and effective entropy. We establish that $\\hbar\nkD$ can serve as an initial microtheory for constructing a modified\nthermodynamics. On this ground, we can explain the universality of the ratio\n\"effective action to effective entropy\" at zero temperature and its minimal\nvalue in the form $\\hbar/2k$. This result corresponds to experimental data\nobtained recently under studying a new matter state - a nearly perfect fluid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A proof of the Bloch theorem for lattice models: The Bloch theorem is a powerful theorem stating that the expectation value of\nthe U(1) current operator averaged over the entire space vanishes in large\nquantum systems. The theorem applies to the ground state and to the thermal\nequilibrium at a finite temperature, irrespective of the details of the\nHamiltonian as far as all terms in the Hamiltonian are finite ranged. In this\nwork we present a simple yet rigorous proof for general lattice models. For\nlarge but finite systems, we find that both the discussion and the conclusion\nare sensitive to the boundary condition one assumes: under the periodic\nboundary condition, one can only prove that the current expectation value is\ninversely proportional to the linear dimension of the system, while the current\nexpectation value completely vanishes before taking the thermodynamic limit\nwhen the open boundary condition is imposed. We also provide simple\ntight-binding models that clarify the limitation of the theorem in dimensions\nhigher than one.",
        "positive": "Phase diffusion and noise temperature of a microwave amplifier based on\n  single unshunted Josephson junction: High-gain microwave amplifiers operating near quantum limit are crucial for\ndevelopment of quantum technology. However, a systematic theoretical modeling\nand simulations of their performance represent rather challenging tasks due to\nthe occurrence of colored noises and nonlinearities in the underlying circuits.\nHere, we develop a response theory for such an amplifier whose circuit dynamics\nis based on nonlinear oscillations of an unshunted Josephson junction. The\ntheory accounts for a subtle interplay between exponentially damped\nfluctuations around the stable limit cycle and the nonlinear dynamics of the\nlimit cycle phase. The amplifier gain and noise spectrum are derived assuming a\ncolored voltage noise at the circuit resistor. The derived expressions are\ngenerally applicable to any system whose limit cycle dynamics is perturbed by a\ncolored noise and a harmonic signal. We also critically assess reliabilities of\nnumerical methods of simulations of the corresponding nonlinear Langevin\nequations, where even reliable discretization schemes might introduce errors\nsignificantly affecting simulated characteristics at the peak performance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Necessity of Feedback Control for the Quantum Maxwell Demon in a\n  Finite-Time Steady Feedback Cycle: We revisit quantum Maxwell demon in thermodynamic feedback cycle in the\nsteady-state regime. We derive a generalized version of the Clausius inequality\nfor a finite-time steady feedback cycle with a single heat bath. It is shown to\nbe tighter than previously known ones, and allows us to clarify that feedback\ncontrol is necessary to violate the standard Clausius inequality.",
        "positive": "Gibbs entropy and irreversible thermodynamics: Recently a number of approaches has been developed to connect the microscopic\ndynamics of particle systems to the macroscopic properties of systems in\nnonequilibrium stationary states, via the theory of dynamical systems. This way\na direct connection between dynamics and Irreversible Thermodynamics has been\nclaimed to have been found. However, the main quantity used in these studies is\na (coarse-grained) Gibbs entropy, which to us does not seem suitable, in its\npresent form, to characterize nonequilibrium states. Various simplified models\nhave also been devised to give explicit examples of how the coarse-grained\napproach may succeed in giving a full description of the Irreversible\nThermodynamics. We analyze some of these models pointing out a number of\ndifficulties which, in our opinion, need to be overcome in order to establish a\nphysically relevant connection between these models and Irreversible\nThermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topology Induced Spatial Bose-Einstein Condensation for Bosons on\n  Star-Shaped Optical Networks: New coherent states may be induced by pertinently engineering the topology of\na network. As an example, we consider the properties of non-interacting bosons\non a star network, which may be realized with a dilute atomic gas in a\nstar-shaped deep optical lattice. The ground state is localized around the star\ncenter and it is macroscopically occupied below the Bose-Einstein condensation\ntemperature T_c. We show that T_c depends only on the number of the star arms\nand on the Josephson energy of the bosonic Josephson junctions and that the\nnon-condensate fraction is simply given by the reduced temperature T/T_c.",
        "positive": "Comment on \" A simple model for DNA denaturation\": The replacment of mutual avoidance of polymers by a long-range interaction of\nthe type proposed by Garel etal (Europhys. Lett. 55, 132 (2001),\ncond-mat/0101058) is inconsistent with the prevalent renormalization group\narguments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The 1/D Expansion for Classical Magnets: Low-Dimensional Models with\n  Magnetic Field: The field-dependent magnetization m(H,T) of 1- and 2-dimensional classical\nmagnets described by the $D$-component vector model is calculated analytically\nin the whole range of temperature and magnetic fields with the help of the 1/D\nexpansion. In the 1-st order in 1/D the theory reproduces with a good accuracy\nthe temperature dependence of the zero-field susceptibility of antiferromagnets\n\\chi with the maximum at T \\lsim |J_0|/D (J_0 is the Fourier component of the\nexchange interaction) and describes for the first time the singular behavior of\n\\chi(H,T) at small temperatures and magnetic fields: \\lim_{T\\to 0}\\lim_{H\\to 0}\n\\chi(H,T)=1/(2|J_0|)(1-1/D) and \\lim_{H\\to 0}\\lim_{T\\to 0}\n\\chi(H,T)=1/(2|J_0|).",
        "positive": "Generalized empty-interval method applied to a class of one-dimensional\n  stochastic models: In this work we study, on a finite and periodic lattice, a class of\none-dimensional (bimolecular and single-species) reaction-diffusion models\nwhich cannot be mapped onto free-fermion models.\n  We extend the conventional empty-interval method, also called\n  {\\it interparticle distribution function} (IPDF) method, by introducing a\nstring function, which is simply related to relevant physical quantities.\n  As an illustration, we specifically consider a model which cannot be solved\ndirectly by the conventional IPDF method and which can be viewed as a\ngeneralization of the {\\it voter} model and/or as an {\\it epidemic} model. We\nalso consider the {\\it reversible} diffusion-coagulation model with input of\nparticles and determine other reaction-diffusion models which can be mapped\nonto the latter via suitable {\\it similarity transformations}.\n  Finally we study the problem of the propagation of a wave-front from an\ninhomogeneous initial configuration and note that the mean-field scenario\npredicted by Fisher's equation is not valid for the one-dimensional\n(microscopic) models under consideration."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Irreversible dynamics of a massive intruder in dense granular fluids: A Generalized Langevin Equation with exponential memory is proposed for the\ndynamics of a massive intruder in a dense granular fluid. The model reproduces\nnumerical correlation and response functions, violating the equilibrium\nFluctuation Dissipation relations. The source of memory is identified in the\ncoupling of the tracer velocity $V$ with a spontaneous local velocity field $U$\nin the surrounding fluid. Such identification allows us to measure the\nintruder's fluctuating entropy production as a function of $V$ and $U$,\nobtaining a neat verification of the Fluctuation Relation.",
        "positive": "Semiclassical noise beyond the second cumulant: We show how the semiclassical Langevin method can be extended to calculations\nof higher-than-second cumulants of noise. These cumulants are affected by\nindirect correlations between the fluctuations, which may be considered as\n\"noise of noise.\" We formulate simple diagrammatic rules for calculating the\nhigher cumulants and apply them to mesoscopic diffusive contacts and chaotic\ncavities. As one of the application of the method, we analyze the frequency\ndependence of the third cumulant of current in these systems and show that it\ncontains additional peculiarities as compared to the second cumulant. The\neffects of environmental feedback in measurements of the third cumulant are\nalso discussed in terms of this method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamic Theory of the Connected Spectral Form Factor: One manifestation of quantum chaos is a random-matrix-like fine-grained\nenergy spectrum. Prior to the inverse level spacing time, random matrix theory\npredicts a `ramp' of increasing variance in the connected part of the spectral\nform factor. However, in realistic quantum chaotic systems, the finite time\ndynamics of the spectral form factor is much richer, with the pure random\nmatrix ramp appearing only at sufficiently late time. In this article, we\npresent a hydrodynamic theory of the connected spectral form factor prior to\nthe inverse level spacing time. We start from a discussion of exact symmetries\nand spectral stretching and folding. We then derive a general formula for the\nspectral form factor of a system with almost-conserved sectors in terms of\nreturn probabilities and spectral form factors within each sector. Next we\nargue that the theory of fluctuating hydrodynamics can be adapted from the\nusual Schwinger-Keldysh contour to the periodic time setting needed for the\nspectral form factor, and we show explicitly that the general formula is\nrecovered in the case of energy diffusion. We also initiate a study of\ninteraction effects in this modified hydrodynamic framework and show how the\nThouless time, defined as the time required for the spectral form factor to\napproach the pure random matrix result, is controlled by the slow hydrodynamics\nmodes.",
        "positive": "Bounding and approximating parabolas for the spectrum of Heisenberg spin\n  systems: We prove that for a wide class of quantum spin systems with isotropic\nHeisenberg coupling the energy eigenvalues which belong to a total spin quantum\nnumber S have upper and lower bounds depending at most quadratically on S. The\nonly assumption adopted is that the mean coupling strength of any spin w.r.t.\nits neighbours is constant for all N spins. The coefficients of the bounding\nparabolas are given in terms of special eigenvalues of the N times N coupling\nmatrix which are usually easily evaluated. In addition we show that the\nbounding parabolas, if properly shifted, provide very good approximations of\nthe true boundaries of the spectrum. We present numerical examples of\nfrustrated rings, a cube, and an icosahedron."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometric Criterion for Solvability of Lattice Spin Systems: We present a simple criterion for solvability of lattice spin systems on the\nbasis of the graph theory and the simplicial homology. The lattice systems\nsatisfy algebras with graphical representations. It is shown that the null\nspaces of adjacency matrices of the graphs provide conserved quantities of the\nsystems. Furthermore, when the graphs belong to a class of simplicial\ncomplexes, the Hamiltonians are found to be mapped to bilinear forms of\nMajorana fermions, from which the full spectra of the systems are obtained. In\nthe latter situation, we find a relation between conserved quantities and the\nfirst homology group of the graph, and the relation enables us to interpret the\nconserved quantities as flux excitations of the systems. The validity of our\ntheory is confirmed in several known solvable spin systems including the 1d\ntransverse-field Ising chain, the 2d Kitaev honeycomb model and the 3d diamond\nlattice model. We also present new solvable models on a 1d tri-junction, 2d and\n3d fractal lattices, and the 3d cubic lattice.",
        "positive": "Correlation functions near Modulated and Rough Surfaces: In a system with long-ranged correlations, the behavior of correlation\nfunctions is sensitive to the presence of a boundary. We show that surface\ndeformations strongly modify this behavior as compared to a flat surface. The\nmodified near surface correlations can be measured by scattering probes. To\ndetermine these correlations, we develop a perturbative calculation in the\ndeformations in height from a flat surface. Detailed results are given for a\nregularly patterned surface, as well as for a self-affinely rough surface with\nroughness exponent $\\zeta$. By combining this perturbative calculation in\nheight deformations with the field-theoretic renormalization group approach, we\nalso estimate the values of critical exponents governing the behavior of the\ndecay of correlation functions near a self-affinely rough surface. We find that\nfor the interacting theory, a large enough $\\zeta$ can lead to novel surface\ncritical behavior. We also provide scaling relations between roughness induced\ncritical exponents for thermodynamic surface quantities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relations between Dissipated Work and R\u00e9nyi Divergences: In this paper, we establish a general relation which directly links the\ndissipated work done on a system driven arbitrarily far from equilibrium, a\nfundamental quantity in thermodynamics, and the R\\'{e}nyi divergences, a\nfundamental concept in information theory. Specifically, we find that the\ngenerating function of the dissipated work under an arbitrary time-dependent\ndriving process is related to the R\\'{e}nyi divergences between a\nnon-equilibrium state in the driven process and a non-equilibrium state in its\ntime reversed process. This relation is a consequence of time reversal symmetry\nin driven process and is universally applicable to both finite classical system\nand finite quantum system, arbitrarily far from equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Polymers critical point originates Brownian non-Gaussian diffusion: We demonstrate that size fluctuations close to polymers critical point\noriginate the non-Gaussian diffusion of their center of mass. Static universal\nexponents $\\gamma$ and $\\nu$ -- depending on the polymer topology, on the\ndimension of the embedding space, and on equilibrium phase -- concur to\ndetermine the potential divergency of a dynamic response, epitomized by the\ncenter of mass kurtosis. Prospects in experiments and stochastic modeling\nbrought about by this result are briefly outlined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Height Fluctuation Width in Crossover from Random to Coherent\n  Surface Growths: We study an anomalous behavior of the height fluctuation width in the\ncrossover from random to coherent growths of surface for a stochastic model. In\nthe model, random numbers are assigned on perimeter sites of surface,\nrepresenting pinning strengths of disordered media. At each time, surface is\nadvanced at the site having minimum pinning strength in a random subset of\nsystem rather than having global minimum. The subset is composed of a randomly\nselected site and its $(\\ell-1)$ neighbors. The height fluctuation width\n$W^2(L;\\ell)$ exhibits the non-monotonic behavior with $\\ell$ and it has a\nminimum at $\\ell^*$. It is found numerically that $\\ell^*$ scales as\n$\\ell^*\\sim L^{0.59}$, and the height fluctuation width at that minimum,\n$W^2(L;\\ell^*)$, scales as $\\sim L^{0.85}$ in 1+1 dimensions. It is found that\nthe subset-size $\\ell^*(L)$ is the characteristic size of the crossover from\nthe random surface growth in the KPZ universality, to the coherent surface\ngrowth in the directed percolation universality.",
        "positive": "Excitations in two-component Bose-gases: In this paper, we study a strongly correlated quantum system that has become\namenable to experiment by the advent of ultracold bosonic atoms in optical\nlattices, a chain of two different bosonic constituents. Excitations in this\nsystem are first considered within the framework of bosonization and Luttinger\nliquid theory which are applicable if the Luttinger liquid parameters are\ndetermined numerically. The occurrence of a bosonic counterpart of fermionic\nspin-charge separation is signalled by a characteristic two-peak structure in\nthe spectral functions found by dynamical DMRG in good agreement with\nanalytical predictions. Experimentally, single-particle excitations as probed\nby spectral functions are currently not accessible in cold atoms. We therefore\nconsider the modifications needed for current experiments, namely the\ninvestigation of the real-time evolution of density perturbations instead of\nsingle particle excitations, a slight inequivalence between the two\nintraspecies interactions in actual experiments, and the presence of a\nconfining trap potential. Using time-dependent DMRG we show that only\nquantitative modifications occur. With an eye to the simulation of strongly\ncorrelated quantum systems far from equilibrium we detect a strong dependence\nof the time-evolution of entanglement entropy on the initial perturbation,\nsignalling limitations to current reasonings on entanglement growth in\nmany-body systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum walks: the first detected transition time: We consider the quantum first detection problem for a particle evolving on a\ngraph under repeated projective measurements with fixed rate $1/\\tau$. A\ngeneral formula for the mean first detected transition time is obtained for a\nquantum walk in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space where the initial state\n$|\\psi_{\\rm in}\\rangle$ of the walker is orthogonal to the detected state\n$|\\psi_{\\rm d}\\rangle$. We focus on diverging mean transition times, where the\ntotal detection probability exhibits a discontinuous drop of its value, by\nmapping the problem onto a theory of fields of classical charges located on the\nunit disk. Close to the critical parameter of the model, which exhibits a\nblow-up of the mean transition time, we get simple expressions for the mean\ntransition time. Using previous results on the fluctuations of the return time,\ncorresponding to $|\\psi_{\\rm in}\\rangle = |\\psi_{\\rm d}\\rangle$, we find close\nto these critical parameters that the mean transition time is proportional to\nthe fluctuations of the return time, an expression reminiscent of the Einstein\nrelation.",
        "positive": "Large deviation theory to model systems under an external feedback: In this paper we address the problem of systems under an external feedback.\nThis is performed using a large deviation approach and rate distortion from\ninformation theory. In particular we define a lower boundary for the maximum\nentropy reduction that can be obtained using a feedback apparatus with a well\ndefined accuracy in terms of measurement of the state of the system. The large\ndeviation approach allows also to define a new set of potentials, including\ninformation, which similarly to more conventional thermodynamic potentials can\ndefine the state with optimal use of the information given the accuracy of the\nfeedback apparatus."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-lived Solitons and Their Signatures in the Classical Heisenberg\n  Chain: Motivated by the KPZ scaling recently observed in the classical ferromagnetic\nHeisenberg chain, we investigate the role of solitonic excitations in this\nmodel. We find that the Heisenberg chain, although well-known to be\nnon-integrable, supports a two-parameter family of long-lived solitons. We\nconnect these to the exact soliton solutions of the integrable Ishimori chain\nwith $\\log(1+ S_i\\cdot S_j)$ interactions. We explicitly construct infinitely\nlong-lived stationary solitons, and provide an adiabatic construction procedure\nfor moving soliton solutions, which shows that Ishimori solitons have a\nlong-lived Heisenberg counterpart when they are not too narrow and not too\nfast-moving. Finally, we demonstrate their presence in thermal states of the\nHeisenberg chain, even when the typical soliton width is larger than the spin\ncorrelation length, and argue that these excitations likely underlie the KPZ\nscaling.",
        "positive": "Algebraic Bethe Ansatz for the two species ASEP with different hopping\n  rates: An ASEP with two species of particles and different hopping rates is\nconsidered on a ring. Its integrability is proved and the Nested Algebraic\nBethe Ansatz is used to derive the Bethe Equations for states with arbitrary\nnumbers of particles of each type, generalizing the results of Derrida and\nEvans. We present also formulas for the total velocity of particles of a given\ntype and their limit for large size of the system and finite densities of the\nparticles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lorentzian Entropies and Olbert's $\u03ba$-distribution: This note derives the various forms of entropy of systems subject to Olbert\ndistributions (generalized Lorentzian probability distributions known as\n$\\kappa$-distributions) which are frequently observed particularly in high\ntemperature plasmas. The general expression of the partition function in such\nsystems is given as well in a form similar to the Boltzmann-Gibbs probability\ndistribution, including a possible exponential high energy truncation. We find\nthe representation of the mean energy as function of probability, and provide\nthe implicit form of Olbert (Lorentzian) entropy as well as its high\ntemperature limit. The relation to phase space density of states is obtained.\nWe then find the entropy as function of probability, an expression which is\nfundamental to statistical mechanics and here to its Olbertian version.\nLorentzian systems through internal collective interactions cause correlations\nwhich add to the entropy. Fermi systems do not obey Olbert statistics, while\nBose systems might at temperatures sufficiently far from zero.",
        "positive": "The effects of grain shape and frustration in a granular column near\n  jamming: We investigate the full phase diagram of a column of grains near jamming, as\na function of varying levels of frustration. Frustration is modelled by the\neffect of two opposing fields on a grain, due respectively to grains above and\nbelow it. The resulting four dynamical regimes (ballistic, logarithmic,\nactivated and glassy) are characterised by means of the jamming time of\nzero-temperature dynamics, and of the statistics of attractors reached by the\nlatter. Shape effects are most pronounced in the cases of strong and weak\nfrustration, and essentially disappear around a mean-field point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A comparative study of selected parallel tempering methods: We review several parallel tempering schemes and examine their main\ningredients for accuracy and efficiency. The present study covers two selection\nmethods of temperatures and several choices for the exchange of replicas,\nincluding a recent novel all-pair exchange method. We compare the resulting\nschemes and measure specific heat errors and efficiency using the\ntwo-dimensional (2D) Ising model. Our tests suggest that, an earlier proposal\nfor using numbers of local moves related to the canonical correlation times is\none of the key ingredients for increasing efficiency, and protocols using\ncluster algorithms are found to be very effective. Some of the protocols are\nalso tested for efficiency and ground state production in 3D spin glass models\nwhere we find that, a simple nearest-neighbor approach using a local n-fold way\nalgorithm is the most effective. Finally, we present evidence that the\nasymptotic limits of the ground state energy for the isotropic case and that of\nan anisotropic case of the 3D spin-glass model are very close and may even\ncoincide.",
        "positive": "Magnetic Field Dependence of CDW Phases in Per2M(mnt)2 (M=Pt, Au): Recently the authors discovered that the suppression of the charge density\nwave (CDW) ground states by high magnetic fields in the organic conductor\nseries Per2M(mnt)2 is followed by additional high field, CDW-like phases. The\npurpose of this presentation is to review these compounds, to consider the\nrelevant parameters of the materials that describe the manner in which the CDW\nground state may undergo new field induced changes above the Pauli limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal amplitude ratios for scaling corrections on Ising strips with\n  fixed boundary conditions: We study the (analytic) finite-size corrections in the Ising model on the\nstrip with fixed ($+ -$) boundary conditions. We find that subdominant\nfinite-size corrections to scaling should be to the form $a_k/N^{2k-1}$ for the\nfree energy $f_N$ and $b_k^{(n)}/N^{2k-1}$ for inverse correlation length\n$\\xi_n^{-1}$, with integer value of $k$. We investigate the set $\\{a_k,\nb_k^{(n)}\\}$ by exact evaluation and their changes upon varying anisotropy of\ncoupling. We find that the amplitude ratios $b_k^{(n)}/a_k$ remain constant\nupon varying coupling anisotropy. Such universal behavior are correctly\nreproduced by the conformal perturbative approach.",
        "positive": "Reaction, Levy Flights, and Quenched Disorder: We consider the A + A --> emptyset reaction, where the transport of the\nparticles is given by Levy flights in a quenched random potential. With a\ncommon literature model of the disorder, the random potential can only increase\nthe rate of reaction. With a model of the disorder that obeys detailed balance,\nhowever, the rate of reaction initially increases and then decreases as a\nfunction of the disorder strength. The physical behavior obtained with this\nsecond model is in accord with that for reactive turbulent flow, indicating\nthat Levy flight statistics can model aspects of turbulent fluid transport."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Neural Network Thermodynamics: We present three different neural network algorithms to calculate\nthermodynamic properties as well as dynamic correlation functions at finite\ntemperatures for quantum lattice models. The first method is based on\npurification, which allows for the exact calculation of the operator trace. The\nsecond one is based on a sampling of the trace using minimally entangled\nstates, whereas the third one makes use of quantum typicality. In the latter\ncase, we approximate a typical infinite-temperature state by wave functions\nwhich are given by a product of a projected pair and a neural network part and\nevolve this typical state in imaginary time.",
        "positive": "Critical and strong-coupling phases in one- and two-bath spin-boson\n  models: For phase transitions in dissipative quantum impurity models, the existence\nof a quantum-to-classical correspondence has been discussed extensively. We\nintroduce a variational matrix product state approach involving an optimized\nboson basis, rendering possible high-accuracy numerical studies across the\nentire phase diagram. For the sub-ohmic spin-boson model with a power-law bath\nspectrum $\\propto \\w^s$, we confirm classical mean-field behavior for $s<1/2$,\ncorrecting earlier numerical renormalization-group results. We also provide the\nfirst results for an XY-symmetric model of a spin coupled to two competing\nbosonic baths, where we find a rich phase diagram, including both critical and\nstrong-coupling phases for $s<1$, different from that of classical spin chains.\nThis illustrates that symmetries are decisive for whether or not a\nquantum-to-classical correspondence exists."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical physics of frictional grains: some simple applications of\n  Edwards statistics: Granular matter like sand is composed of a large number of interacting\ngrains, and is thus expected to be amenable to a statistical physics treatment.\nYet, the frictional properties of grains make the statistical physics of\ngranular matter significantly different from the equilibrium statistical\nphysics of atomic or molecular systems. We illustrate here on simple models\nsome of the key concepts of the statistical physics introduced by Edwards and\ncoworkers more than thirty years ago to describe shaken granular piles. Quite\nsurprisingly, properties of such frictional systems observed at high effective\ntemperature (i.e., strong shaking) may share some analogies with some low\ntemperature properties of equilibrium systems. For instance, the effective\nspecific heat of non-interacting frictional grains under strong shaking in a\nharmonic potential goes to zero in the high temperature limit. As a second\nexample, a chain of frictional grains linked by springs exhibits a critical\npoint at infinite effective temperature, at odds with the zero-temperature\ncritical point generically found in one-dimensional equilibrium systems in the\npresence of local interactions.",
        "positive": "Information Swimmer: A Novel Mechanism of Self-propulsion: We study an information-based mechanism of self-propulsion in noisy\nenvironment. An information swimmer maintains directional motion by\nperiodically measuring its velocity and accordingly adjusting its friction\ncoefficient. Assuming that the measurement and adjustment are reversible and\nhence cause no energy dissipation, an information swimmer may move without\nexternal energy input. There is however no violation of the second law of\nthermodynamics, because the information entropy stored in the memory of swimmer\nincreases monotonically. By optimizing its control parameters, the swimmer can\nachieve a steady velocity that is comparable to the root-mean-square velocity\nof an analogous Brownian particle. We also define a swimming efficiency in\nterms of information entropy production rate, and find that in equilibrium\nmedia with white noises, information swimmers are generally less efficient than\nBrownian particles driven by constant forces. For colored noises with long\ncorrelation times, the frequency of measurement can be greatly reduced without\naffecting the efficiency of information swimmers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shearing a Glassy Material: Numerical Tests of Nonequilibrium\n  Mode-Coupling Approaches and Experimental Proposals: The predictions of a nonequilibrium schematic mode-coupling theory developed\nto describe the nonlinear rheology of soft glassy materials have been\nnumerically challenged in a sheared binary Lennard-Jones mixture. The theory\ngives an excellent description of the stress/temperature `jamming phase\ndiagram' of the system. In the present paper, we focus on the issue of an\neffective temperature Teff for the slow modes of the fluid, as defined from a\ngeneralized fluctuation-dissipation theorem. As predicted theoretically, many\ndifferent observables are found to lead to the same value of Teff, suggesting\nseveral experimental procedures to measure Teff. New, simple experimental\nprotocols to access Teff from a generalized equipartition theorem are also\nproposed, and one such experiment is numerically performed. These results give\nstrong support to the thermodynamic interpretation of Teff and make it\nexperimentally accessible in a very direct way.",
        "positive": "Critical Casimir Forces in Colloidal Suspensions: Some time ago, Fisher and de Gennes pointed out that long-ranged correlations\nin a fluid close to its critical point Tc cause distinct forces between\nimmersed colloidal particles which can even lead to flocculation [C. R. Acad.\nSc. Paris B 287, 207 (1978)]. Here we calculate such forces between pairs of\nspherical particles as function of both relevant thermodynamic variables, i.e.,\nthe reduced temperature t = (T-Tc)/Tc and the field h conjugate to the order\nparameter. This provides the basis for specific predictions concerning the\nphase behavior of a suspension of colloidal particles in a near-critical\nsolvent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conformal partition functions of critical percolation from $D_3$\n  Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz equations: Using the planar Temperley-Lieb algebra, critical bond percolation on the\nsquare lattice is incorporated as ${\\cal LM}(2,3)$ in the family of Yang-Baxter\nintegrable logarithmic minimal models ${\\cal LM}(p,p')$. We consider this model\nin the presence of boundaries and with periodic boundary conditions. Inspired\nby Kuniba, Sakai and Suzuki, we rewrite the recently obtained infinite\n$Y$-system of functional equations. We obtain nonlinear integral equations in\nthe form of a closed finite set of TBA equations described by a $D_3$ Dynkin\ndiagram. Following the methods of Kl\\\"umper and Pearce, we solve the TBA\nequations for the conformal finite-size corrections. For the ground states of\nthe standard modules on the strip, these agree with the known central charge\n$c=0$ and conformal weights $\\Delta_{1,s}$ for $s\\in {\\Bbb Z_{\\ge 1}}$ with\n$\\Delta_{r,s}= \\big((3r-2s)^2-1\\big)/24$. For the periodic case, the\nfinite-size corrections agree with the conformal weights $\\Delta_{0,s}$,\n$\\Delta_{1,s}$ with $s\\in\\frac12\\Bbb Z_{\\ge0}$. These are obtained analytically\nusing Rogers dilogarithm identities. We incorporate all finite excitations by\nformulating empirical selection rules for the patterns of zeros of all the\neigenvalues of the standard modules. We thus obtain the conformal partition\nfunctions on the cylinder and the modular invariant partition function (MIPF)\non the torus. By applying $q$-binomial identities, it is shown that our\nfinitized characters on the strip agree with those of Pearce, Rasmussen and\nZuber. On the torus, the MIPF is a non-diagonal sesquilinear form in affine\n$u(1)$ characters given by the $u(1)$ partition function\n$Z_{2,3}(q)=Z_{2,3}^{\\rm{Circ}}(q)$. This is compatible with the general\nconjecture of Pearce and Rasmussen, namely\n$Z_{p,p'}(q)=Z^{\\rm{Proj}}_{p,p'}(q)+n_{p,p'}Z^{\\rm{Min}}_{p,p'}(q)$ with\n$n_{p,p'}\\in {\\Bbb Z}$, and the lattice derivation fixes $n_{2,3}=-1$.",
        "positive": "Detecting signals of weakly first-order phase transitions in\n  two-dimensional Potts models: We investigate the first-order phase transitions of the $q$-state Potts\nmodels with $q = 5, 6, 7$, and $8$ on the two-dimensional square lattice, using\nMonte Carlo simulations. At the very weakly first-order transition of the $q=5$\nsystem, the standard data-collapse procedure for the order parameter, carried\nout with results for a broad range of system sizes, works deceptively well and\nproduces non-trivial critical exponents different from the trivial values\nexpected for first-order transitions. However, a more systematic study reveals\nsignificant drifts in the `pseudo-critical' exponents as a function of the\nsystem size. For this purpose, we employ two methods of analysis: the\ndata-collapse procedure with narrow range of the system size, and the\nBinder-cumulant crossing technique for pairs of system sizes. In both methods,\nthe estimates start to drift toward the trivial values as the system size used\nin the analysis exceeds a certain `cross-over' length scale. This length scale\nis remarkably smaller than the correlation length at the transition point for\nweakly first-order transitions, e.g., less than one tenth for $q=5$, in\ncontrast to the naive expectation that the system size has to be comparable to\nor larger than the correlation length to observe the correct behavior. The\nresults overall show that proper care is indispensable to diagnose the nature\nof a phase transition with limited system sizes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diagnosis of weaknesses in modern error correction codes: a physics\n  approach: One of the main obstacles to the wider use of the modern error-correction\ncodes is that, due to the complex behavior of their decoding algorithms, no\nsystematic method which would allow characterization of the Bit-Error-Rate\n(BER) is known. This is especially true at the weak noise where many systems\noperate and where coding performance is difficult to estimate because of the\ndiminishingly small number of errors. We show how the instanton method of\nphysics allows one to solve the problem of BER analysis in the weak noise range\nby recasting it as a computationally tractable minimization problem.",
        "positive": "Logical and thermodynamical reversibility: optimized experimental\n  implementation of the NOT operation: The NOT operation is a reversible transformation acting on a 1-bit logical\nstate, and should be achievable in a physically reversible manner at no\nenergetic cost. We experimentally demonstrate a bit-flip protocol based on the\nmomentum of an underdamped oscillator confined in a double well potential. The\nprotocol is designed to be reversible in the ideal dissipationless case, and\nthe thermodynamic work required is inversely proportional to the quality factor\nof the system. Our implementation demonstrates an energy dissipation\nsignificantly lower than the minimal cost of information processing in\nlogically irreversible operations. It is moreover performed at high speed: a\nfully equilibrated final state is reached in only half a period of the\noscillator. The results are supported by an analytical model that takes into\naccount the presence of irreversibility. The Letter concludes with a discussion\nof optimization strategies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Statistical Distribution for Generalized Ideal Gas of\n  Fractional-Statistics Particles\", Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 73}, 922 (1994): In Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 937 (1991) [1], Haldane introduced the fruitful\nconcept of fractional exclusion statistics (FES). One of the most influential\npapers in which the thermodynamics of FES systems was deduced is Y.-S. Wu,\nPhys. Rev. Lett. 73, 922 (1994). Unfortunately, some important, but eventually\nsubtle, properties of the exclusion statistics parameters were overlooked in\nthe original paper [1] and in all the papers after that, including [2]. This\nomission makes the thermodynamics of FES systems inconsistent when mutual\nexclusion statistics is manifesting in the system. By this Comment I want to\npoint-out this error--an error that persisted for such a long time--and to give\nthe correct statistical mechanics interpretation of FES.",
        "positive": "Time-dependence of correlation functions following a quantum quench: We show that the time-dependence of correlation functions in an extended\nquantum system in d dimensions, which is prepared in the ground state of some\nhamiltonian and then evolves without dissipation according to some other\nhamiltonian, may be extracted using methods of boundary critical phenomena in\nd+1 dimensions. For d=1 particularly powerful results are available using\nconformal field theory. These are checked against those available from solvable\nmodels. They may be explained in terms of a picture, valid more generally,\nwhereby quasiparticles, entangled over regions of the order of the correlation\nlength in the initial state, then propagate classically through the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalously slow phase transitions in self-gravitating systems: Kinetics of collapse and explosion transitions in microcanonical\nself-gravitating ensembles is analyzed. A system of point particles interacting\nvia an attractive soft Coulomb potential and confined to a spherical container\nis considered. We observed that for 100--200 particles collapse takes $10^3$ --\n$10^4$ particle crossing times to complete, i. e., it is by 2-3 orders of\nmagnitude slower than velocity relaxation. In addition, it is found that the\ncollapse time decreases rapidly with the increase of the softcore radius. We\nfound that such an anomalously long collapse time is caused by the slow energy\nexchange between a higher-temperature compact core and relatively cold diluted\nhalo. The rate of energy exchange between the faster modes of the core\nparticles and slower-moving particles of the halo is exponentially small in the\nratio of the frequencies of these modes. As the softcore radius increases, and\nthe typical core modes become slower, the ratio of core and halo frequencies\ndecreases and the collapse accelerates. Implications to astrophysical systems\nand phase transition kinetics are discussed.",
        "positive": "Mittag-Leffler Functions to Pathway Model to Tsallis Statistics: In reaction rate theory, in input-output type models and in\nreaction-diffusion problems when the total derivatives are replaced by\nfractional derivatives the solutions are obtained in terms of Mittag-Leffler\nfunctions and their generalizations. When fractional calculus enters into the\npicture the solutions of these problems, usually available in terms of\nhypergeometric functions, G and H-functions, switch to Mittag-Leffler functions\nand their generalizations into Wright functions. In this paper, connections are\nestablished among generalized Mittag-Leffler functions, pathway model, Tsallis\nstatistics, superstatisitcs and power law, and among the corresponding entropic\nmeasures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy nonequipartition in a collisional model of a confined\n  quasi-two-dimensional granular mixture: A collisional model of a confined quasi-two-dimensional granular mixture is\nconsidered to analyze homogeneous steady states. The model includes an\neffective mechanism to transfer the kinetic energy injected by vibration in the\nvertical direction to the horizontal degrees of freedom of grains. The set of\nEnskog kinetic equations for the velocity distribution functions of each\ncomponent is derived first to analyze the homogeneous state. As in the\none-component case, an exact scaling solution is found where the time\ndependence of the distribution functions occurs entirely through the granular\ntemperature $T$. As expected, the kinetic partial temperatures $T_i$ of each\ncomponent are different and hence, energy equipartition is broken down. In the\nsteady state, explicit expressions for the temperature $T$ and the ratio of\npartial kinetic temperatures $T_i/T_j$ are obtained by considering Maxwellian\ndistributions defined at the partial temperatures $T_i$. The (scaled) granular\ntemperature and the temperature ratios are given in terms of the coefficients\nof restitution, the solid volume fraction, the (scaled) parameters of the\ncollisional model, and the ratios of mass, concentration, and diameters. In the\ncase of a binary mixture, the theoretical predictions are exhaustively compared\nwith both direct simulation Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations with\na good agreement. The deviations are identified to be originated in the\nnon-Gaussianity of the velocity distributions and on microsegregation patterns,\nwhich induce spatial correlations not captured in the Enskog theory.",
        "positive": "Computing time-periodic steady-state currents via the time evolution of\n  tensor network states: We present an approach based upon binary tree tensor network (BTTN) states\nfor computing steady-state current statistics for a many-particle 1D ratchet\nsubject to volume exclusion interactions. The ratcheted particles, which move\non a lattice with periodic boundary conditions subject to a time-periodic\ndrive, can be stochastically evolved in time to sample representative\ntrajectories via a Gillespie method. In lieu of generating realizations of\ntrajectories, a BTTN state can variationally approximate a distribution over\nthe vast number of many-body configurations. We apply the density matrix\nrenormalization group (DMRG) algorithm to initialize BTTN states, which are\nthen propagated in time via the time-dependent variational principle (TDVP)\nalgorithm to yield the steady-state behavior, including the effects of both\ntypical and rare trajectories. The application of the methods to ratchet\ncurrents is highlighted in a companion letter, but the approach extends\nnaturally to other interacting lattice models with time-dependent driving.\nThough trajectory sampling is conceptually and computationally simpler, we\ndiscuss situations for which the BTTN TDVP strategy could be more favorable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local characterization of transient chaos on finite times in open\n  systems: To characterize local finite-time properties associated with transient chaos\nin open dynamical systems, we introduce an escape rate and fractal dimensions\nsuitable for this purpose in a coarse-grained description. We numerically\nillustrate that these quantifiers have a considerable spread across the domain\nof the dynamics, but their spatial variation, especially on long but\nnon-asymptotic integration times, is approximately consistent with the\nrelationship that was recognized by Kantz and Grassberger for temporally\nasymptotic quantifiers. In particular, deviations from this relationship are\nsmaller than differences between various locations, which confirms the\nexistence of such a dynamical law and the suitability of our quantifiers to\nrepresent underlying dynamical properties in the non-asymptotic regime.",
        "positive": "Giant oscillations of diffusion in ac-driven periodic systems: We revisit the problem of diffusion in a driven system consisting of an\ninertial Brownian particle moving in a symmetric periodic potential and\nsubjected to a symmetric time-periodic force. We reveal parameter domains in\nwhich diffusion is normal in the long time limit and exhibits intriguing giant\ndamped quasiperiodic oscillations as a function of the external driving\namplitude. As the mechanism behind this effect we identify the corresponding\noscillations of difference in the number of locked and running trajectories\nwhich carries the leading contribution to the diffusion coefficient. Our\nfindings can be verified experimentally in a multitude of physical systems\nincluding colloidal particles, Josephson junction or cold atoms dwelling in\noptical lattices, to name only a few."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Leaf-excluded percolation in two and three dimensions: We introduce the \\emph{leaf-excluded} percolation model, which corresponds to\nindependent bond percolation conditioned on the absence of leaves (vertices of\ndegree one). We study the leaf-excluded model on the square and simple-cubic\nlattices via Monte Carlo simulation, using a worm-like algorithm. By studying\nwrapping probabilities, we precisely estimate the critical thresholds to be\n$0.355\\,247\\,5(8)$ (square) and $0.185\\,022(3)$ (simple-cubic). Our estimates\nfor the thermal and magnetic exponents are consistent with those for\npercolation, implying that the phase transition of the leaf-excluded model\nbelongs to the standard percolation universality class.",
        "positive": "Random-field Ising model criticality in a glass-forming liquid: We use computer simulations to investigate the extended phase diagram of a\nsupercooled liquid linearly coupled to a quenched reference configuration. An\nextensive finite-size scaling analysis demonstrates the existence of a\nrandom-field Ising model (RFIM) critical point and of a first-order transition\nline, in agreement with recent field-theoretical approaches. The dynamics in\nthe vicinity of this critical point resembles the peculiar activated scaling of\nRFIM-like systems, and the overlap autocorrelation displays a logarithmic\nstretching. Our study demonstrates RFIM criticality in the thermodynamic limit\nfor a three-dimensional supercooled liquids at equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relativistic kinetic theory of classical systems of charged particles:\n  towards the microscopic foundation of thermodynamics and kinetics: In the complete system of equations of evolution of the classical system of\ncharges and the electromagnetic field generated by them, the field variables\nare excluded. An exact closed relativistic non-Hamiltonian system of nonlocal\nkinetic equations, that describes the evolution of a system of charges in terms\nof their microscopic distribution functions, is obtained . The solutions of\nthis system of equations are non-invariant with respect to time reversal, and\nalso have the property of hereditarity.",
        "positive": "Three simple scenarios for high-dimensional sphere packings: Based on results from the physics and mathematics literature which suggest a\nseries of clearly defined conjectures, we formulate three simple scenarios for\nthe fate of hard sphere crystallization in high dimension: (A) crystallization\nis impeded and the glass phase constitutes the densest packing, (B)\ncrystallization from the liquid is possible, but takes place much beyond the\ndynamical glass transition and is thus dynamically implausible, or (C)\ncrystallization is possible and takes place before (or just after) dynamical\narrest, thus making it plausibly accessible from the liquid state. In order to\nassess the underlying conjectures and thus obtain insight into which scenario\nis most likely to be realized, we investigate the densest sphere packings in\ndimension $d=3$-$10$ using cell-cluster expansions as well as numerical\nsimulations. These resulting estimates of the crystal entropy near\nclose-packing tend to support scenario C. We additionally confirm that the\ncrystal equation of state is dominated by the free volume expansion and that a\nmeaningful polynomial correction can be formulated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Agent-based simulation of a financial market: This paper introduces an agent-based artificial financial market in which\nheterogeneous agents trade one single asset through a realistic trading\nmechanism for price formation. Agents are initially endowed with a finite\namount of cash and a given finite portfolio of assets. There is no\nmoney-creation process; the total available cash is conserved in time. In each\nperiod, agents make random buy and sell decisions that are constrained by\navailable resources, subject to clustering, and dependent on the volatility of\nprevious periods. The model herein proposed is able to reproduce the\nleptokurtic shape of the probability density of log price returns and the\nclustering of volatility. Implemented using extreme programming and\nobject-oriented technology, the simulator is a flexible computational\nexperimental facility that can find applications in both academic and\nindustrial research projects.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic engine powered by anisotropic fluctuations: The purpose of this work is to present the concept of an autonomous\nStirling-like engine powered by anisotropy of thermodynamic fluctuations.\nSpecifically, simultaneous contact of a thermodynamic system with two heat\nbaths along coupled degrees of freedom generates torque and circulatory\ncurrents -- an arrangement referred to as a Brownian gyrator. The embodiment\nthat constitutes the engine includes an inertial wheel to sustain rotary motion\nand average out the generated fluctuating torque, ultimately delivering power\nto an external load. We detail an electrical model for such an engine that\nconsists of two resistors in different temperatures and three reactive elements\nin the form of variable capacitors. The resistors generate Johnson-Nyquist\ncurrent fluctuations that power the engine, while the capacitors generate\ndriving forces via a coupling of their dielectric material with the inertial\nwheel. A proof-of-concept is established via stability analysis to ensure the\nexistence of a stable periodic orbit generating sustained power output. We\nconclude by drawing a connection to the dynamics of a damped pendulum with\nconstant torque and to those of a macroscopic Stirling engine. The sought\ninsights aim at nano-engines and biological processes that are similarly\npowered by anisotropy in temperature and chemical potentials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Depletion interactions of non-spherical colloidal particles in polymer\n  solutions: We consider anisotropic colloidal particles immersed in a solution of long,\nflexible, and nonadsorbing polymers. For the dumbbell shapes of recently\nsynthesized particles consisting of two intersecting spheres and for\nlens-shaped particles with spherical surfaces we calculate the isotropic and\nanisotropic interaction parameters that determine the immersion free energy and\nthe orientation-dependent depletion interaction between particles that are\ninduced by the polymers. Exact results are obtained for random-walk like\n(ideal) polymer chains.",
        "positive": "Bose condensation and the Casimir effects of an imperfect Bose gas in a\n  d-dimensional configuration space: Some properties of an ideal gas of massive bosons in a mean field potential\nand, confined between two infinite parallel slabs in a d-dimensional\nconfiguration space are investigated systematically. Here, one particle density\nof states approach is employed to study the critical temperature, shift of\ndensity, Casimir effects and critical exponents, starting from the evaluation\nof the grand canonical free energy in d-dimension. We have found that, the\nshift of density, Casimir force and the critical temperature depend on the\nspace dimensionality. But the Casimir force decays as an inverse power law of\nthe distance between two slabs in the condensate and, decays exponentially in\nthe non-condensed state situated very close to the point of phase transition.\nMost importently, this study enabled us to predict the shift of the density of\nexcited bosons due to mean field potential, and also the dimensional dependence\nof the critical exponent. The form of the critical exponent is found to be\n$\\frac{1}{d-2}$ for the imperfect Bose gas. This leads to a value of critical\nexponent $1$ for $d=3$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral statistics in spatially extended chaotic quantum many-body\n  systems: We study spectral statistics in spatially extended chaotic quantum many-body\nsystems, using simple lattice Floquet models without time-reversal symmetry.\nComputing the spectral form factor $K(t)$ analytically and numerically, we show\nthat it follows random matrix theory (RMT) at times longer than a many-body\nThouless time, $t_{\\rm Th}$. We obtain a striking dependence of $t_{\\rm Th}$ on\nthe spatial dimension $d$ and size of the system. For $d>1$, $t_{\\rm Th}$ is\nfinite in the thermodynamic limit and set by the inter-site coupling strength.\nBy contrast, in one dimension $t_{\\rm Th}$ diverges with system size, and for\nlarge systems there is a wide window in which spectral correlations are not of\nRMT form.",
        "positive": "Schrodinger's Equation is Universal, Dark Matter and Double Diffusion: This paper considers a main particle and an incident particle classical\nmechanics elastic collision preserving energy and momentum while ignoring the\nangular momentum, spin or other particle characteristics. The main result of\nthe paper shows that the colliding two particle classical Hamiltonian energy\ncan be represented in four weighted individual particle in symmetric and\nanti-symmetric (osmotic) terms similar to the quadratic Nelson measure used in\nthe derivation of the Schrodinger wave function. Following Nelson, if the\nsecond particle behavior can be captured in a potential and the ingoing and\noutgoing velocities of the main particle are modelled using stochastic\ndifferential equations the motion of the main particle satisfies the\nSchrodinger's equation. The diffusion variance of this equation is replaced by\na related ratio of masses and the assumed variance. The first example attempts\nto reconcile this result with quantum mechanics by considering the Schrodinger\nequation in the presence of only one type of incident particle. The main\nparticle energy levels become multiples of the incident particle and the energy\nexpression for the entire system agrees with quantum mechanics but there are\ndifferences with the stochastic equation. The Schrodinger equation can also be\nused to represent corrections for Newton's equation and suggests a user profile\nto be used in the search for Dark Matter. An alternative solution to the\ncollision model also shows relativistic properties as the interactions suggest\ncorrections to the Minkowski equation in Einstein's Special Relativity. It is\nalso possible to use the classical Schrodinger's equation both on the main and\nincident particle simultaneously leading to a correlated set of wave equations\nwith different diffusion parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The entropy production of an active particle in a box: A run-and-tumble particle in a one dimensional box (infinite potential well)\nis studied. The steady state is analytically solved and analyzed, revealing the\nemergent length scale of the boundary layer where particles accumulate near the\nwalls. The mesoscopic steady state entropy production rate of the system is\nderived from coupled Fokker-Planck equations with a linear reaction term,\nresulting in an exact analytic expression. The entropy production density is\nshown to peak at the walls. Additionally, the derivative of the entropy\nproduction rate peaks at a system size proportional to the length scale of the\naccumulation boundary layer, suggesting that the behavior of the entropy\nproduction rate and its derivatives as a function of the control parameter may\nsignify a qualitative behavior change in the physics of active systems, such as\nphase transitions.",
        "positive": "Universal relation between the dispersion curve and the ground-state\n  correlation length in 1D antiferromagnetic quantum spin systems: We discuss an universal relation $\\epsilon(i\\kappa)=0$ with ${\\rm Re}\n\\kappa=1/\\xi$ in 1D quantum spin systems with an excitation gap, where\n$\\epsilon(k)$ is the dispersion curve of the low-energy excitation and $\\xi$ is\nthe correlation length of the ground-state. We first discuss this relation for\nintegrable models such as the Ising model in a transverse filed and the XYZ\nmodel. We secondly make a derivation of the relation for general cases, in\nconnection with the equilibrium crystal shape in the corresponding 2D classical\nsystem. We finally verify the relation for the S=1 bilinear-biquadratic spin\nchain and $S=1/2$ zigzag spin ladder numerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-similar transport processes in a two-dimensional realization of\n  multiscale magnetic field turbulence: We present the results of a numerical investigation of charged-particle\ntransport across a synthesized magnetic configuration composed of a constant\nhomogeneous background field and a multiscale perturbation component simulating\nan effect of turbulence on the microscopic particle dynamics. Our main goal is\nto analyze the dispersion of ideal test particles faced to diverse conditions\nin the turbulent domain. Depending on the amplitude of the background field and\nthe input test particle velocity, we observe distinct transport regimes ranging\nfrom subdiffusion of guiding centers in the limit of Hamiltonian dynamics to\nrandom walks on a percolating fractal array and further to nearly diffusive\nbehavior of the mean-square particle displacement versus time. In all cases, we\nfind complex microscopic structure of the particle motion revealing long-time\nrests and trapping phenomena, sporadically interrupted by the phases of active\ncross-field propagation reminiscent of Levy-walk statistics. These complex\nfeatures persist even when the particle dispersion is diffusive. An\ninterpretation of the results obtained is proposed in connection with the\nfractional kinetics paradigm extending the microscopic properties of transport\nfar beyond the conventional picture of a Brownian random motion. A calculation\nof the transport exponent for random walks on a fractal lattice is advocated\nfrom topological arguments. An intriguing indication of the topological\napproach is a gap in the transport exponent separating Hamiltonian-like and\nfractal random walk-like dynamics, supported through the simulation.",
        "positive": "Hard-ball gas as hard nut of statistical mechanics (why mathematicians\n  missed 1/f-noise there): We continue discussion of hard-ball models of statistical mechanics, by\nexample of random walk of hard ball immersed into equlibrium ideal gas. Our\ngoal is to highlight decisive role of specific phase-space subsets, despite\ntheir vanishingly smaall Lebesgue measures under the Boltzmann-Grad limit. The\n\"art of draining\" such subsets in conventional mathematical constructions\nresulted in loss of so principal property of many-particle systems as 1/f-noise\nin diffusivities, mobilities and other transport and relaxation rates. We\nsuggest new approaches to formulation and analysis of evolution equations for\nhierarchy of probability distribution functions of infinite hard-ball systems,\nthus further overcoming prejudices of Boltzmannian kinetics and mistakes of its\nmodern adepts"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Resetting of free and confined motion with generalized\n  Ornstein-Uhlenbeck distribution: Recently, a new formalism describing the anomalous diffusion processes, based\non the Onsager-Machlup fluctuation theory, has been suggested \\cite{Smain,\nSpub}. We study particles performing this new type of motion, under the action\nof resetting at a constant rate, or Poissonian resetting. We derive the\nmean-squared displacement and probability density function, and investigate\ntheir dependence on the shape parameter, diffusion coefficient, potential\nstrength and resetting rate.",
        "positive": "Exact short-time height distribution in 1D KPZ equation with Brownian\n  initial condition: The early time regime of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation in $1+1$\ndimension, starting from a Brownian initial condition with a drift $w$, is\nstudied using the exact Fredholm determinant representation. For large drift we\nrecover the exact results for the droplet initial condition, whereas a\nvanishingly small drift describes the stationary KPZ case, recently studied by\nweak noise theory (WNT). We show that for short time $t$, the probability\ndistribution $P(H,t)$ of the height $H$ at a given point takes the large\ndeviation form $P(H,t) \\sim \\exp{\\left(-\\Phi(H)/\\sqrt{t} \\right)}$. We obtain\nthe exact expressions for the rate function $\\Phi(H)$ for $H<H_{c2}$. Our exact\nexpression for $H_{c2}$ numerically coincides with the value at which WNT was\nfound to exhibit a spontaneous reflection symmetry breaking. We propose two\ncontinuations for $H>H_{c2}$, which apparently correspond to the symmetric and\nasymmetric WNT solutions. The rate function $\\Phi(H)$ is Gaussian in the\ncenter, while it has asymmetric tails, $|H|^{5/2}$ on the negative $H$ side and\n$H^{3/2}$ on the positive $H$ side."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Le Chatelier principle for out of equilibrium and boundary driven\n  systems : application to dynamical phase transitions: A stability analysis of out of equilibrium and boundary driven systems is\npresented. It is performed in the framework of the hydrodynamic macroscopic\nfluctuation theory and assuming the additivity principle whose interpretation\nis discussed with the help of a Hamiltonian description. An extension of Le\nChatelier principle for out of equilibrium situations is presented which allows\nto formulate the conditions of validity of the additivity principle. Examples\nof application of these results in the realm of classical and quantum systems\nare provided.",
        "positive": "Full-order fluctuation-dissipation relation for a class of\n  non-equilibrium steady states: Acceleration of relaxation toward a fixed stationary distribution via\nviolation of detailed balance was reported in the context of a Markov chain\nMonte Carlo method recently. Inspired by this result, systematic methods to\nviolate detailed balance in Langevin dynamics were formulated by using\nexponential and rotational nonconservative forces. In the present paper, we\naccentuate that such specific nonconservative forces relate to the large\ndeviation of total heat in an equilibrium state. The response to these\nnonconservative forces can be described by the intrinsic fluctuation of the\ntotal heat in the equilibrium state. Consequently, the fluctuation-dissipation\nrelation for nonequilibrium steady states is derived without recourse to a\nlinear response approximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Breakdown of quantum-to-classical correspondence for diffusion in high\n  temperature thermal environment: We re-consider the old problem of Brownian motion in homogeneous\nhigh-temperature thermal environment. The semiclassical theory implies that the\ndiffusion coefficient does not depend on whether the thermal fluctuations are\ncorrelated in space or disordered. We show that the corresponding quantum\nanalysis exhibits a remarkable breakdown of quantum-to-classical\ncorrespondence. Explicit results are found for a tight binding model, within\nthe framework of an Ohmic master equation, where we distinguish between on-site\nand on-bond dissipators. The breakdown is second-order in the inverse\ntemperature, and therefore, on the quantitative side, involves an inherent\nambiguity that is related to the Ohmic approximation scheme.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of two-dimensional spin models with bimodal random-bond\n  disorder: We use numerical linked cluster expansions to study thermodynamic properties\nof the two-dimensional spin-1/2 Ising, XY, and Heisenberg models with bimodal\nrandom-bond disorder on the square and honeycomb lattices. In all cases, the\nnearest-neighbor coupling between the spins takes values $\\pm J$ with equal\nprobability. We obtain the disorder averaged (over all disorder configurations)\nenergy, entropy, specific heat, and uniform magnetic susceptibility in each\ncase. These results are compared with the corresponding ones in the clean\nmodels. Analytic expressions are obtained for low orders in the expansion of\nthese thermodynamic quantities in inverse temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Localization transition in the Discrete Non-Linear Schr\u00f6dinger\n  Equation: ensembles inequivalence and negative temperatures: We present a detailed account of a first-order localization transition in the\nDiscrete Nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger Equation, where the localized phase is\nassociated to the high energy region in parameter space. We show that, due to\nensemble inequivalence, this phase is thermodynamically stable only in the\nmicrocanonical ensemble. In particular, we obtain an explicit expression of the\nmicrocanonical entropy close to the transition line, located at infinite\ntemperature. This task is accomplished making use of large-deviation\ntechniques, that allow us to compute, in the limit of large system size, also\nthe subleading corrections to the microcanonical entropy. These subleading\nterms are crucial ingredients to account for the first-order mechanism of the\ntransition, to compute its order parameter and to predict the existence of\nnegative temperatures in the localized phase. All of these features can be\nviewed as signatures of a thermodynamic phase where the translational symmetry\nis broken spontaneously due to a condensation mechanism yielding energy\nfluctuations far away from equipartition: actually they prefer to participate\nin the formation of nonlinear localized excitations (breathers), typically\ncontaining a macroscopic fraction of the total energy.",
        "positive": "Abundance of unknots in various models of polymer loops: A veritable zoo of different knots is seen in the ensemble of looped polymer\nchains, whether created computationally or observed in vitro. At short loop\nlengths, the spectrum of knots is dominated by the trivial knot (unknot). The\nfractional abundance of this topological state in the ensemble of all\nconformations of the loop of $N$ segments follows a decaying exponential form,\n$ \\sim \\exp (-N/N_0)$, where $N_0$ marks the crossover from a mostly unknotted\n(ie topologically simple) to a mostly knotted (ie topologically complex)\nensemble. In the present work we use computational simulation to look closer\ninto the variation of $N_0$ for a variety of polymer models. Among models\nexamined, $N_0$ is smallest (about 240) for the model with all segments of the\nsame length, it is somewhat larger (305) for Gaussian distributed segments, and\ncan be very large (up to many thousands) when the segment length distribution\nhas a fat power law tail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasilocalized dynamics from confinement of quantum excitations: Confinement of excitations induces quasilocalized dynamics in disorder-free\nisolated quantum many-body systems in one spatial dimension. This occurrence is\nsignalled by severe suppression of quantum correlation spreading and of\nentanglement growth, long-time persistence of spatial inhomogeneities, and\nlong-lived coherent oscillations of local observables. In this work, we present\na unified understanding of these dramatic effects. The slow dynamical behavior\nis shown to be related to the Schwinger effect in quantum electrodynamics. We\ndemonstrate that it is quantitatively captured for long time scales by\neffective Hamiltonians exhibiting Stark localization of excitations and weak\ngrowth of the entanglement entropy for arbitrary coupling strength. This\nanalysis explains the phenomenology of real-time string dynamics investigated\nin a number of lattice gauge theories, as well as the anomalous dynamics\nobserved in quantum Ising chains after quenches. Our findings establish\nconfinement as a robust mechanism for hindering the approach to equilibrium in\ntranslationally-invariant quantum statistical systems with local interactions.",
        "positive": "Excitation spectra in crystal plasticity: Plastically deforming crystals exhibit scale-free fluctuations that are\nsimilar to those observed in driven disordered elastic systems close to\ndepinning, but the nature of the yielding critical point is still debated.\nHere, we study the marginal stability of ensembles of dislocations and compute\ntheir excitation spectrum in two and three dimensions. Our results show the\npresence of a singularity in the distribution of {\\it excitation stresses},\ni.e., the stress needed to make a localized region unstable, that is remarkably\nsimilar to the one measured in amorphous plasticity and spin glasses. These\nresults allow us to understand recent observations of extended criticality in\nbursty crystal plasticity and explain how they originate from the presence of a\npseudogap in the excitation spectrum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation times in the ASEP model using a DMRG method: We compute the largest relaxation times for the totally asymmetric exclusion\nprocess (TASEP) with open boundary conditions with a DMRG method. This allows\nus to reach much larger system sizes than in previous numerical studies. We are\nthen able to show that the phenomenological theory of the domain wall indeed\npredicts correctly the largest relaxation time for large systems. Besides, we\ncan obtain results even when the domain wall approach breaks down, and show\nthat the KPZ dynamical exponent $z=3/2$ is recovered in the whole maximal\ncurrent phase.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation-induced forces in periodic slabs: Breakdown of epsilon\n  expansion at the bulk critical point and revised field theory: Systems described by $n$-component $\\phi^4$ models in a $\\infty^{d-1}\\times\nL$ slab geometry of finite thickness $L$ are considered at and above their bulk\ncritical temperature $T_{c,\\infty}$. The renormalization-group improved\nperturbation theory commonly employed to investigate the fluctuation-induced\nforces (``thermodynamic Casimir effect'') in $d=4-\\epsilon$ bulk dimensions is\nre-examined. It is found to be ill-defined beyond two-loop order because of\ninfrared singularities when the boundary conditions are such that the free\npropagator in slab geometry involves a zero-energy mode at bulk criticality.\nThis applies to periodic boundary conditions and the special-special ones\ncorresponding to the critical enhancement of the surface interactions on both\nconfining plates. The field theory is reorganized such that a small-$\\epsilon$\nexpansion results which remains well behaved down to $T_{c,\\infty}$. The\nleading contributions to the critical Casimir amplitudes\n$\\Delta_{\\mathrm{per}}$ and $\\Delta_{\\mathrm{sp},\\mathrm{sp}}$ beyond two-loop\norder are $\\sim (u^*)^{(3-\\epsilon)/2}$, where $u^*=O(\\epsilon)$ is the value\nof the renormalized $\\phi^4$ coupling at the infrared-stable fixed point.\nBesides integer powers of $\\epsilon$, the small-$\\epsilon$ expansions of these\namplitudes involve fractional powers $\\epsilon^{k/2}$, with $k\\geq 3$, and\npowers of $\\ln \\epsilon$. Explicit results to order $\\epsilon^{3/2}$ are\npresented for $\\Delta_{\\mathrm{per}}$ and $\\Delta_{\\mathrm{sp},\\mathrm{sp}}$,\nwhich are used to estimate their values at $d=3$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Capillary Condensation in Cylindrical Pores: Monte Carlo Study of the\n  Interplay of Surface and Finite Size Effects: When a fluid that undergoes a vapor to liquid transition in the bulk is\nconfined to a long cylindrical pore, the phase transition is shifted (mostly\ndue to surface effects at the walls of the pore) and rounded (due to finite\nsize effects). The nature of the phase coexistence at the transition depends on\nthe length of the pore: For very long pores the system is axially homogeneous\nat low temperatures. At the chemical potential where the transition takes place\nfluctuations occur between vapor-like and liquid-like states of the cylinder as\na whole. At somewhat higher temperatures (but still far below bulk criticality)\nthe system at phase coexistence is in an axially inhomogeneous multi-domain\nstate, where long cylindrical liquid-like and vapor-like domains alternate.\nUsing Monte Carlo simulations for the Ising/lattice gas model and the\nAsakura-Oosawa model of colloid-polymer mixtures the transition between these\ntwo different scenarios is characterized. It is shown that the density\ndistribution changes gradually from a double-peak structure to a triple-peak\nshape, and the correlation length in axial direction (measuring the equilibrium\ndomain length) becomes much smaller than the cylinder length. The (rounded)\ntransition to the disordered phase of the fluid occurs when the axial\ncorrelation length has decreased to a value comparable to the cylinder\ndiameter. It is also suggested that adsorption hysteresis vanishes when the\ntransition from the simple domain state to the multi-domain state of the\ncylindrical pore occurs. We predict that the difference between the pore\ncritical temperature and the hysteresis critical emperature should increase\nlogarithmically with the length of the pore.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium-relaxation approach to quantum phase transitions:\n  Nontrivial critical relaxation in cluster-update quantum Monte Carlo: Although the nonequilibrium relaxation (NER) method has been widely used in\nMonte Carlo studies on phase transitions in classical spin systems, such\nstudies have been quite limited in quantum phase transitions. The reason is\nthat relaxation process based on cluster-update quantum Monte Carlo (QMC)\nalgorithms, which are now standards in Monte Carlo studies on quantum systems,\nhas been considered \"too fast\" for such analyses. Recently the present authors\nrevealed that the NER process in classical spin systems based on cluster-update\nalgorithms is characterized by the stretched-exponential critical relaxation,\nrather than the conventional power-law one in local-update algorithms. In the\npresent article we show that this is also the case in quantum phase transitions\nanalyzed with the cluster-update QMC, and that advantages of NER analyses are\navailable. As the simplest example of isotropic quantum spin models which\nexhibit quantum phase transitions, we investigate the N\\'eel-dimer quantum\nphase transition in the two-dimensional $S=1/2$ columnar-dimerized\nantiferromagnetic Heisenberg model with the continuous-time loop algorithm."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Breakdown of self-organized criticality: We introduce two sandpile models which show the same behavior of real\nsandpiles, that is, an almost self-organized critical behavior for small\nsystems and the dominance of large avalanches as the system size increases. The\nsystems become fully self-organized critical, with the critical exponents of\nthe Bak, Tang and Wiesenfeld model, as the system parameters are changed,\nshowing that these systems can make a bridge between the well known theoretical\nand numerical results and what is observed in real experiments. We find that a\nsimple mechanism determines the boundary where self-organized can or cannot\nexist, which is the presence of local chaos.",
        "positive": "Critical behaviour near multiple junctions and dirty surfaces in the\n  two-dimensional Ising model: We consider m two-dimensional semi-infinite planes of Ising spins joined\ntogether through surface spins and study the critical behaviour near to the\njunction. The m=0 limit of the model - according to the replica trick -\ncorresponds to the semi-infinite Ising model in the presence of a random\nsurface field (RSFI). Using conformal mapping, second-order perturbation\nexpansion around the weakly- and strongly-coupled planes limits and\ndifferential renormalization group, we show that the surface critical behaviour\nof the RSFI model is described by Ising critical exponents with logarithmic\ncorrections to scaling, while at multiple junctions (m>2) the transition is\nfirst order. There is a spontaneous junction magnetization at the bulk critical\npoint."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Persistent memory for a Brownian walker in a random array of obstacles: We show that for particles performing Brownian motion in a frozen array of\nscatterers long-time correlations emerge in the mean-square displacement.\nDefining the velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) via the second\ntime-derivative of the mean-square displacement, power-law tails govern the\nlong-time dynamics similar to the case of ballistic motion. The physical origin\nof the persistent memory is due to repeated encounters with the same obstacle\nwhich occurs naturally in Brownian dynamics without involving other scattering\ncenters. This observation suggests that in this case the VACF exhibits these\nanomalies already at first order in the scattering density. Here we provide an\nanalytic solution for the dynamics of a tracer for a dilute planar Lorentz gas\nand compare our results to computer simulations. Our result support the idea\nthat quenched disorder provides a generic mechanism for persistent correlations\nirrespective of the microdynamics of the tracer particle.",
        "positive": "Lagrangian dynamics in inhomogeneous and thermal environments, An\n  application of the Onsager-Machlup theory I: We straight-forwardly derive the Onsager-Machlup Lagrangian from the\nFokker-Planck equation and show that friction and dissipation are a natural\nproperty of the equation of motion. We develop a method to calculate the local\nvariance $\\sigma_{2}\\,b(q)^{2}$ and identify this function as a\nHelmholtz-factor. In both meanings the function $b(q)$ describes properties of\nthe environment. For application, we examine the free fall through a barometric\nmedium and model a blow of wind by a solitonic pulse running through the\nmedium. We treat harmonic oscillators immersed in a thermal bath, finding\nintuitive as well as counter-intuitive phenomena of friction. By allowing the\ntemperature to be time-dependent, the dynamical process of cooling and heating\nbecomes self-consistently available. We find a state of dynamical balance\nbetween system and environment. Last, we show that dynamical balance is related\nto adiabatic thermodynamic processes. In a special case, dynamical balance can\ninduce a real phase-transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Resonance and first passage time for excitable system exposed\n  to underdamped medium: Noise induced Brownian dynamics in underdamped medium is studied numerically\nto understand the firing time of excitable systems. By considering Brownian\nparticles that move in underdamped medium, we study how the first arrival time\nbehaves for different parameters of the model. We study the first arrival time\nfor both single particle as well as the first arrival time of one particle out\na system that has N particles. The present study helps to understand the\nintercellular calcium dynamics in cardiac tissue at the level of a single\nmicrodomain and at a tissue level (ensemble of microdomains). In the presence\nof time varying signal, we study how signal to noise ratio (SNR) depends on the\nmodel parameters. It is showed that the SNR exhibits a pronounced peak at a\nparticular noise strength. The fact that the SNR is amplified as the number of\nmicro domains (N) increase shows that the weak periodic signal plays a decisive\nrole in controlling the noise induced dynamics of excitable systems which may\nalso shed light on how to control the abnormal calcium release in a cardiac\ntissue.",
        "positive": "Instability in a Two-Dimensional Dilute Interacting Bose System: The formalism of Ursell operators provides a self-consistent integral\nequation for the one-particle reduced operator. In three dimensions this\ntechnique yields values of the shift in the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC)\ntransition temperature, as a function of the scattering length, that are in\ngood agreement with those of Green's function and quantum Monte Carlo methods.\nWe have applied the same equations to a uniform two-dimensional system and find\nthat, as we alter the chemical potential, an instability develops so that the\nself-consistent equations no longer have a solution. This instability, which\nseems to indicate that interactions restore a transition, occurs at a non-zero\nvalue of an effective chemical potential. The non-linear equations are limited\nto temperatures greater than or equal to Tc, so that they do not indicate the\nnature of the new stable state, but we speculate concerning whether it is a\nKosterlitz-Thouless state or a ``smeared'' BEC, which might avoid any violation\nof the Hohenberg theorem, as described in an accompanying paper."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Direct measurement of nonequilibrium system entropy is consistent with\n  Gibbs-Shannon form: Stochastic thermodynamics extends classical thermodynamics to small systems\nin contact with one or more heat baths. It can account for the effects of\nthermal fluctuations and describe systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium. A\nbasic assumption is that the expression for Shannon entropy is the appropriate\ndescription for the entropy of a nonequilibrium system in such a setting. Here,\nfor the first time, we measure experimentally this function. Our system is a\nmicron-scale colloidal particle in water, in a virtual double-well potential\ncreated by a feedback trap. We measure the work to erase a fraction of a bit of\ninformation and show that it is bounded by the Shannon entropy for a two-state\nsystem. Further, by measuring directly the reversibility of slow protocols, we\ncan distinguish unambiguously between protocols that can and cannot reach the\nexpected thermodynamic bounds.",
        "positive": "Mixtures of relativistic gases in gravitational fields: combined\n  Chapman-Enskog and Grad method and the Onsager relations: In this work we study a r-species mixture of gases within the relativistic\nkinetic theory point of view. We use the relativistic covariant full Boltzmann\nequation and we incorporate the Schwarzschild metric. The method of solution of\nthe Boltzmann equation is a combination of the Chapman-Enskog and Grad\nrepresentations. The thermodynamic fluxes are expressed as functions of the\nthermodynamic forces so that the generalized expressions for the Navier-Stokes,\nFick and Fourier laws are obtained. The constitutive equations for the\ndiffusion and heat fluxes of the mixture are functions of thermal and diffusion\nforces which depend on the acceleration and the gravitational potential\ngradient. While this dependence is of relativistic nature for the thermal\nforce, this is not the case for the diffusion forces. We show also that the\nmatrix of the diffusion coefficients is symmetric and the thermal-diffusion\ncoefficient is equal to the diffusion-thermal one, proving the Onsager\nreciprocity relations. The entropy flux of the mixture is also expressed in\nterms of the thermal and diffusion forces, so that its dependence on the\nacceleration and gravitational potential gradient is also determined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Estimation of equilibration time scales from nested fraction\n  approximations: We consider an autocorrelation function of a quantum mechanical system\nthrough the lens of the so-called recursive method, by iteratively evaluating\nLanczos coefficients, or solving a system of coupled differential equations in\nthe Mori formalism. We first show that both methods are mathematically\nequivalent, each offering certain practical advantages. We then propose an\napproximation scheme to evaluate the autocorrelation function, and use it to\nestimate the equilibration time $\\tau$ for the observable in question. With\nonly a handful of Lanczos coefficients as the input, this scheme yields an\naccurate order of magnitude estimate of $\\tau$, matching state-of-the-art\nnumerical approaches. We develop a simple numerical scheme to estimate the\nprecision of our method. We test our approach using several numerical examples\nexhibiting different relaxation dynamics. Our findings provide a new practical\nway to quantify the equilibration time of isolated quantum systems, a question\nwhich is both crucial and notoriously difficult.",
        "positive": "Electrophoresis simulated with the cage model for reptation: The cage model for polymer reptation is extended to simulate DC\nelectrophoresis. The drift velocity v of a polymer with length L in an electric\nfield with strength E shows three different regions: if the strength of field\nis small, the drift velocity scales as E/L; for slightly larger strengths, it\nscales as E^2, independent of length; for high fields, but still E much smaller\nthan 1, the drift velocity decreases exponentially to zero. The behaviour of\nthe first two regions are in agreement with earlier reports on simulations of\nthe Duke-Rubinstein model and with experimental work on DNA polymers in agarose\ngel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic effects in the growth of droplets: The effects of stochastic absorption and ejection of molecules by growing\ndroplets have been considered. Both analytical and numerical approaches have\nbeen used. They demonstrate the satisfactory coincidence. It is proved that in\ngeneral case corresponding to the asymptotic at big numbers of molecules in the\ncritical embryo the effects of stochastic growth are small in comparison with\nthe effects of stochastic appearance of droplets.",
        "positive": "Topological or not? A unified pattern description in the one-dimensional\n  anisotropic quantum XY model with a transverse field: The nature of phase transitions involving the questions why and how phase\ntransitions take place has not been sufficiently touched in the literature. In\ncontrast, the current attention to certain extent still focus on the\ndescription of critical phenomena and the classification of the associated\nphase transition along with the Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson paradigm, where the key\nissue is to identify phenomenologically order parameters and related\nsymmetries. This brings the question to topological phase transitions (TPTs),\nwhere no obvious order parameter and the broken symmetry are identified. Here\nwe present a unified pattern description of the second-order quantum phase\ntransition (QPT) and TPT, both involved in the one-dimensional anisotropic\nquantum XY model in a transverse field, which contains the transverse Ising\nmodel (TIM) as a limit case. Away from the TIM, the XY model enters the\nferromagnetic phase (marked by a second-order QPT or a direct TPT) as\nincreasing ferromagentic exchange coupling, a series of TPTs occur, which are\nabsent in the TIM. The TPTs behave like the first-order QPTs. In the isotropic\nand large exchange coupling cases, the ground state of the XY model is\ndominated by two topologically different vortices along positive and negative\ndirection of the transverse field. We confirm the above conclusion by analyzing\nthe energy contributions of the patterns to the ground state and calculating\nthe ground state pattern occupations of the XY model. The results have been\nobtained in a unified and self-evident way and answer the questions why and how\nthe QPT and TPTs take place in the XY model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On-lattice Vicsek model in confined geometries: The Vicsek model (Vicsek et al. 1995) is a very popular minimalist model to\nstudy active matter with a number of applications to biological systems at\ndifferent length scales. With its off-lattice implementation and periodic\nboundary conditions, it aims at the analysis of bulk behaviour of a limited\nnumber of particles. We introduce an efficient on-lattice implementation with\nfinite particle volume and analyse its behaviour for three different geometries\nwith reflective boundary conditions. For sufficiently fine lattices, the model\nbehaviour does not differ between off-lattice and on-lattice implementation.\nThe reflective boundary conditions introduce an alignment of the particles with\nthe boundary for low levels of noise. Numerical sensitivity analysis of the\nswarming behaviour results in a detailed characterisation of the on-lattice\nVicsek model for confined geometries with reflective boundary conditions. In a\nchannel geometry, the boundary alignment causes swarms to move along the\nchannel. In a box, the edges act as swarm traps and the trapping shows a\ndiscontinuous noise dependence. In a disk geometry, an ordered rotational state\narises. This state is well described by a novel order parameter. Our works\nprovides a foundation for future studies of Vicsek-like models with discretized\nspace.",
        "positive": "Optimal random deposition of interacting particles: Irreversible random sequential deposition of interacting particles is widely\nused to model aggregation phenomena in physical, chemical, and biophysical\nsystems. We show that in one dimension the exact time dependent solution of\nsuch processes can be found for arbitrary interaction potentials with finite\nrange. The exact solution allows to rigorously prove characteristic features of\nthe deposition kinetics, which have previously only been accessible by\nsimulations. We show in particular that a unique interaction potential exists\nthat leads to a maximally dense line coverage for a given interaction range.\nRemarkably, this distribution is singular and can only be expressed as a\nmathematical limit. The relevance of these results for models of nucleosome\npacking on DNA is discussed. The results highlight how the generation of an\noptimally dense packing requires a highly coordinated packing dynamics, which\ncan be effectively tuned by the interaction potential even in the presence of\nintrinsic randomness."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Occupation Time Statistics in the Quenched Trap Model: We investigate the distribution of occupation times for a particle undergoing\na random walk among random energy traps and in the presence of a deterministic\npotential field $U^{{\\rm det}}(x)$. When the distribution of energy traps is\nexponential with a width $T_g$ we find that the occupation time statistics\nbehaves according to (i) the canonical Boltzmann theory when $T>T_g$, (ii)\nwhile for $T<T_g$ they are distributed according to the Lamperti distribution\nwith the asymmetry of the distribution determined by the Boltzmann factor\n$\\exp(-U^{{\\rm det}}(x)/T_g)$ with $T_g$ and not $T$ being the effective\ntemperature. We explain how our results describe occupation times in other\nsystems with quenched disorder, when the underlying partition function of the\nproblem is a random variable distributed according to L\\'evy statistics.",
        "positive": "The Schottky-type specific heat as an indicator of relative degeneracy\n  between ground and first-excited states: the case study of regular Ising\n  polyhedra: The specific heat of regular Ising polyhedra is investigated in detail as a\nfunction of temperature and magnetic field. It is shown that the regular Ising\npolyhedra display diverse double-peak temperature dependences of the specific\nheat whenever the magnetic field approaches a level-crossing field. The\nSchottky theory of a two-level system often provides a plausible explanation of\na height and position of low-temperature peak, which emerges in the specific\nheat of a regular Ising polyhedron due to low-lying excitations from a ground\nstate to a first-excited state. The height and position of Schottky-type\nmaximum depends essentially on a relative degeneracy of the ground state and\nfirst-excited state, which are in general quite distinct in geometrically\nfrustrated Ising spin clusters. Low-temperature variations of the specific heat\nwith the magnetic field exhibit multipeak structure with two peaks (of\ngenerally different height) symmetrically placed around each level-crossing\nfield."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rain, power laws, and advection: Localized rain events have been found to follow power-law size and duration\ndistributions over several decades, suggesting parallels between precipitation\nand seismic activity [O. Peters et al., PRL 88, 018701 (2002)]. Similar power\nlaws are generated by treating rain as a passive tracer undergoing advection in\na velocity field generated by a two-dimensional system of point vortices.",
        "positive": "Constitutive Relation for Nonlinear Response and Universality of\n  Efficiency at Maximum Power for Tight-Coupling Heat Engines: We present a unified perspective on nonequilibrium heat engines by\ngeneralizing nonlinear irreversible thermodynamics. For tight-coupling heat\nengines, a generic constitutive relation of nonlinear response accurate up to\nthe quadratic order is derived from the symmetry argument and the stall\ncondition. By applying this generic nonlinear constitutive relation to\nfinite-time thermodynamics, we obtain the necessary and sufficient condition\nfor the universality of efficiency at maximum power, which states that a\ntight-coupling heat engine takes the universal efficiency at maximum power up\nto the quadratic order if and only if either the engine symmetrically interacts\nwith two heat reservoirs or the elementary thermal energy flowing through the\nengine matches the characteristic energy of the engine. As a result, we solve\nthe following paradox: On the one hand, the universal quadratic term in the\nefficiency at maximum power for tight-coupling heat engines proved as a\nconsequence of symmetry [M. Esposito, K. Lindenberg, and C. Van den Broeck,\nPhys. Rev. Lett. 102, 130602 (2009); S. Q. Sheng and Z. C. Tu, Phys. Rev. E 89,\n012129 (2014)]; On the other hand, two typical heat engines including the\nCurzon-Ahlborn endoreversible heat engine [F. L. Curzon and B. Ahlborn, Am. J.\nPhys. 43, 22 (1975)] and the Feynman ratchet [Z. C. Tu, J. Phys. A 41, 312003\n(2008)] recover the universal efficiency at maximum power regardless of any\nsymmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Data-Induced Interactions of Sparse Sensors: Large-dimensional empirical data in science and engineering frequently has\nlow-rank structure and can be represented as a combination of just a few\neigenmodes. Because of this structure, we can use just a few spatially\nlocalized sensor measurements to reconstruct the full state of a complex\nsystem. The quality of this reconstruction, especially in the presence of\nsensor noise, depends significantly on the spatial configuration of the\nsensors. Multiple algorithms based on gappy interpolation and QR factorization\nhave been proposed to optimize sensor placement. Here, instead of an algorithm\nthat outputs a singular \"optimal\" sensor configuration, we take a thermodynamic\nview to compute the full landscape of sensor interactions induced by the\ntraining data. The landscape takes the form of the Ising model in statistical\nphysics, and accounts for both the data variance captured at each sensor\nlocation and the crosstalk between sensors. Mapping out these data-induced\nsensor interactions allows combining them with external selection criteria and\nanticipating sensor replacement impacts.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium and nonequilibrium fluctuations at the interface between two\n  fluid phases: We have performed small-angle light-scattering measurements of the static\nstructure factor of a critical binary mixture undergoing diffusive partial\nremixing. An uncommon scattering geometry integrates the structure factor over\nthe sample thickness, allowing different regions of the concentration profile\nto be probed simultaneously. Our experiment shows the existence of interface\ncapillary waves throughout the macroscopic evolution to an equilibrium\ninterface, and allows to derive the time evolution of surface tension.\nInterfacial properties are shown to attain their equilibrium values quickly\ncompared to the system's macroscopic equilibration time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Linear Response in the s.c. Bogolyubov model of Bose-Einstein\n  Condensation: We discuss the linear response of the Bogolyubov theory of a weakly\ninteracting Bose gas below the critical temperature. The specific aspects, due\nto induced perturbation terms in the self-consistent treatment are discussed in\ndetail. We show that Bogolyubov's model having a gap-less equilibrium spectrum\nnevertheless gives rise to an effective susceptibility which does not satisfy\nthe super-fluidity criterion of Hohenberg and Martin.",
        "positive": "Entropic algorithms and the lid method as exploration tools for complex\n  landscapes: Monte Carlo algorithms such as the Wang-Landau algorithm and similar\n`entropic' methods are able to accurately sample the density of states of model\nsystems and thereby give access to thermal equilibrium properties at any\ntemperature. Thermal equilibrium is however not achievable at low temperatures\nin glassy systems. Such systems are characterized by a multitude of metastable\nconfigurations, pictorially referred to as `valleys' of an energy landscape.\nGeometrical properties of the landscape, e.g. the local density of states\ndescribing the distribution in energy of the states belonging to a single\nvalley, are key to understand the dynamical properties of such systems. In this\npaper we combine the lid algorithm, a tool for landscape exploration previously\napplied to a range of models, with the Wang-Swendsen algorithm. To test this\nimproved exploration tool, we consider a paradigmatic complex system, the\nEdwards-Andersom model in two and three spatial dimension. We find a striking\ndifference between the energy dependence of the local density of states in the\ntwo cases: nearly flat in the first case, and nearly exponential in the second.\nThe lid dependence of the data is analyzed to estimate the form of the global\ndensity of states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Finite Size Scaling Study of Lattice Models in the three-dimensional\n  Ising Universality Class: We simulate the spin-1/2 Ising model and the Blume-Capel model at various\nvalues of the parameter D on the simple cubic lattice. We perform a finite size\nscaling study of lattices of a linear size up to L=360 to obtain accurate\nestimates for critical exponents. We focus on values of D, where the amplitudes\nof leading corrections are small. Furthermore we employ improved observables\nthat have a small amplitude of the leading correction. We obtain\nnu=0.63002(10), eta=0.03627(10) and omega=0.832(6). We compare our results with\nthose obtained from previous Monte Carlo simulations and high temperature\nseries expansions of lattice models, by using field theoretic methods and\nexperiments.",
        "positive": "Radiative transfer in a spherical, emitting, absorbing and\n  anisotropically scattering medium: The atmospheres of planets (including Earth) and the outer layers of stars\nhave often been treated in radiative transfer as plane-parallel media, instead\nof spherical shells, which can lead to inaccuracy, e.g. limb darkening. We give\nan exact solution of the radiative transfer specific intensity at all points\nand directions in a finite spherical medium having arbitrary radial spectral\ndistribution of: source (temperature), absorption, emission and anisotropic\nscattering. The power and efficiency of the method stems from the spherical\nnumerical gridding used to discretize the transfer equations prior to matrix\nsolution: the wanted ray and the rays which scatter into it both have the same\nphysico-geometric structure. Very good agreement is found with an isotropic\nastrophysical benchmark (Avrett & Loeser, 1984). We introduce a specimen\narbitrary forward-back-side phase scattering function for future comparisons.\nOur method directly and exactly addresses spherical symmetry with anisotropic\nscattering, and could be used to study the Earth's climate, nuclear power\n(neutron diffusion) and the astrophysics of stars and planets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation Thresholds and Fisher Exponents in Hypercubic Lattices: We use invasion percolation to compute highly-accurate numerical values for\nbond and site percolation thresholds p_c on the hypercubic lattice Z^d for d =\n4,,,,,13. We also compute the Fisher exponent tau governing the cluster size\ndistribution at criticality. Our results support the claim that the mean-field\nvalue tau = 5/2 holds for d >= 6, with logarithmic corrections to power-law\nscaling at d=6.",
        "positive": "Comments on Sweeny and Gliozzi dynamics for simulations of Potts models\n  in the Fortuin-Kasteleyn representation: We compare the correlation times of the Sweeny and Gliozzi dynamics for\ntwo-dimensional Ising and three-state Potts models, and the three-dimensional\nIsing model for the simulations in the percolation prepresentation. The results\nare also compared with Swendsen-Wang and Wolff cluster dynamics. It is found\nthat Sweeny and Gliozzi dynamics have essentially the same dynamical critical\nbehavior. Contrary to Gliozzi's claim (cond-mat/0201285), the Gliozzi dynamics\nhas critical slowing down comparable to that of other cluster methods. For the\ntwo-dimensional Ising model, both Sweeny and Gliozzi dynamics give good fits to\nlogarithmic size dependences; for two-dimensional three-state Potts model,\ntheir dynamical critical exponent z is 0.49(1); the three-dimensional Ising\nmodel has z = 0.37(2)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The sum of log-normal variates in geometric Brownian motion: Geometric Brownian motion (GBM) is a key model for representing\nself-reproducing entities. Self-reproduction may be considered the definition\nof life [5], and the dynamics it induces are of interest to those concerned\nwith living systems from biology to economics. Trajectories of GBM are\ndistributed according to the well-known log-normal density, broadening with\ntime. However, in many applications, what's of interest is not a single\ntrajectory but the sum, or average, of several trajectories. The distribution\nof these objects is more complicated. Here we show two different ways of\nfinding their typical trajectories. We make use of an intriguing connection to\nspin glasses: the expected free energy of the random energy model is an average\nof log-normal variates. We make the mapping to GBM explicit and find that the\nfree energy result gives qualitatively correct behavior for GBM trajectories.\nWe then also compute the typical sum of lognormal variates using Ito calculus.\nThis alternative route is in close quantitative agreement with numerical work.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo Study of Correlations Near the Ground State of the\n  Triangular Antiferromagnetic Ising Model: We study the spin-spin correlation function in or near the T=0 ground state\nof the antiferromagnetic Ising model on a triangular lattice. At zero\ntemperature its modulation on the sublattices gives rise to two Bragg peaks in\nthe structure factor, and a known expression for the algebraic decay of\ncorrelations enables us to examine the form of the diffusive scattering. We do\nso by means of a comparison between exact results and data calculated using\nstandard Monte Carlo techniques. At non-zero temperatures the finite\ncorrelation length alters this form, and we account for the change by proposing\na generalisation of the zero temperature pair correlation function. The size\ndependence of our simulation data is investigated through a novel finite-size\nscaling analysis where t = exp(-2/T) is used as the temperature parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Machine learning a time-local fluctuation theorem for nonequilibrium\n  steady states: Fluctuation theorems (FTs) quantify the thermodynamic reversibility of a\nsystem, and for deterministic systems they are defined in terms of the\ndissipation function. However, in a nonequilibrium steady state of\ndeterministic dynamics, the phase space distribution is unknown, making the\ndissipation function difficult to evaluate without extra information. As such,\nsteady state FTs for deterministic systems to date have required either that\nthe trajectory segment of interest is relatively long, or that information is\navailable about the entire trajectory surrounding that segment. In this work,\nit is shown that a simple machine learning model trained to predict whether a\ngiven steady state trajectory segment is being played forward or backward in\ntime calculates a function that satisfies an FT and relies solely on\ninformation within the segment of interest. The FT is satisfied even for very\nshort trajectory segments where the approximate relation derived from theory\nbreaks down, for systems far from equilibrium, and for various nonequilibrium\ndynamics. It is further demonstrated that any function that is a\nwell-calibrated predictor of time's arrow must satisfy a fluctuation theorem,\nand that a local FT can be derived which depends only on local dissipation and\nits correlations with the surrounding non-local dissipation.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics methods and phase transitions in optimization\n  problems: Recently, it has been recognized that phase transitions play an important\nrole in the probabilistic analysis of combinatorial optimization problems.\nHowever, there are in fact many other relations that lead to close ties between\ncomputer science and statistical physics. This review aims at presenting the\ntools and concepts designed by physicists to deal with optimization or decision\nproblems in an accessible language for computer scientists and mathematicians,\nwith no prerequisites in physics. We first introduce some elementary methods of\nstatistical mechanics and then progressively cover the tools appropriate for\ndisordered systems. In each case, we apply these methods to study the phase\ntransitions or the statistical properties of the optimal solutions in various\ncombinatorial problems. We cover in detail the Random Graph, the\nSatisfiability, and the Traveling Salesman problems. References to the physics\nliterature on optimization are provided. We also give our perspective regarding\nthe interdisciplinary contribution of physics to computer science."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non- Markovian Quantum Stochastic Equation For Two Coupled Oscillators: The system of nonlinear Langevin equations was obtained by using\nHamiltonian's operator of two coupling quantum oscillators which are\ninteracting with heat bath. By using the analytical solution of these\nequations, the analytical expressions for transport coefficients was found.\nGeneralized Langevin equations and fluctuation-dissipation relations are\nderived for the case of a nonlinear non-Markovian noise. The explicit\nexpressions for the time-dependent friction and diffusion coefficients are\npresented for the case of linear couplings in the coordinate between the\ncollective two coupled harmonic oscillators and heat bath.",
        "positive": "Post-Quantum Quench Growth of Renyi Entropies in Low Dimensional\n  Continuum Bosonic Systems: The growth of Renyi entropies after the injection of energy into a correlated\nsystem provides a window upon the dynamics of its entanglement properties. We\ndevelop here a simulation scheme by which this growth can be determined in\nLuttinger liquids systems with arbitrary interactions, even those introducing\ngaps into the liquid. We apply this scheme to an experimentally relevant quench\nin the sine-Gordon field theory. While for short times we provide an analytic\nexpression for the growth of the second and third Renyi entropy, to access\nlonger times, we combine our scheme with truncated spectrum methods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Charge superselection rule does not rule out pure states of subsystems\n  to be coherent superpositions of states with different charges: We consider a huge quantum system that is subject to the charge\nsuperselection rule, which requires that any pure state must be an eigenstate\nof the total charge. We regard some parts of the system as \"subsystems,\" and\nthe rest as an environment E. We assume that one does not measure anything of\nE, i.e., one is only interested in observables of the subsystems. We show that\nthere exist states with the following properties: (i) Its reduced density\noperator is completely equivalent to a vector state of the subsystems for any\ngauge-invariant observable of the subsystems. (ii) The vector state is a simple\nproduct of vector states of individual subsystems, each of which is not an\neigenstate of the charge of each subsystem. Furthermore, one can associate to\neach subsystem its vector state, which is a pure state, and observables which\nare not necessarily gauge invariant in each subsystem. These results justify\ntaking (a) superpositions of states with different charges, and (b)\nnon-gauge-invariant operators, such as the order parameter of the breaking of\nthe gauge symmetry, as observables, for subsystems.",
        "positive": "Achievability of thermodynamic uncertainty relations: The thermodynamic uncertainty relations provide a universal trade-offs\nbetween entropy dissipation rate and fluctuations in transport current. This\nrelation has been mostly used to estimate a minimum entropy dissipation rate by\nexperimentally measuring current fluctuations. Here we consider joint currents\nand show that such uncertainty relations cannot be simultaneously achievable\nfor any two currents, which leads to a potential underestimation of the minimum\nentropy dissipation rate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficiency at maximum power output of linear irreversible Carnot-like\n  heat engines: The efficiency at maximum power output of linear irreversible Carnot-like\nheat engines is investigated based on the assumption that the rate of\nirreversible entropy production of working substance in each \"isothermal\"\nprocess is a quadratic form of heat exchange rate between the working substance\nand the reservoir. It is found that the maximum power output corresponds to\nminimizing the irreversible entropy production in two \"isothermal\" processes of\nthe Carnot-like cycle, and that the efficiency at maximum power output has the\nform as $\\eta_{mP}={\\eta_C}/(2-\\gamma\\eta_C)$ where $\\eta_C$ is the Carnot\nefficiency while $\\gamma$ depends on the heat transfer coefficients between the\nworking substance and two reservoirs. The value of $\\eta_{mP}$ is bounded\nbetween $\\eta_{-}\\equiv \\eta_C/2$ and $\\eta_{+}\\equiv\\eta_C/(2-\\eta_C)$. These\nresults are consistent with those obtained by Chen and Yan [J. Chem. Phys.\n\\textbf{90}, 3740 (1989)] based on the endoreversible assumption, those\nobtained by Esposito \\textit{et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. \\textbf{105}, 150603\n(2010)] based on the low-dissipation assumption, and those obtained by Schmiedl\nand Seifert [EPL \\textbf{81}, 20003 (2008)] for stochastic heat engines which\nin fact also satisfy the low-dissipation assumption. Additionally, we find that\nthe endoreversible assumption happens to hold for Carnot-like heat engines\noperating at the maximum power output based on our fundamental assumption, and\nthat the Carnot-like heat engines that we focused does not strictly satisfy the\nlow-dissipation assumption, which implies that the low-dissipation assumption\nor our fundamental assumption is a sufficient but non-necessary condition for\nthe validity of $\\eta_{mP}={\\eta_C}/(2-\\gamma\\eta_C)$ as well as the existence\nof two bounds $\\eta_{-}\\equiv \\eta_C/2$ and $\\eta_{+}\\equiv\\eta_C/(2-\\eta_C)$.",
        "positive": "Quiet Planting in the Locked Constraint Satisfaction Problems: We study the planted ensemble of locked constraint satisfaction problems. We\ndescribe the connection between the random and planted ensembles. The use of\nthe cavity method is combined with arguments from reconstruction on trees and\nfirst and second moment considerations; in particular the connection with the\nreconstruction on trees appears to be crucial. Our main result is the location\nof the hard region in the planted ensemble. In a part of that hard region\ninstances have with high probability a single satisfying assignment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maximum path information and the principle of least action for chaotic\n  system: A path information is defined in connection with the different possible paths\nof chaotic system moving in its phase space between two cells. On the basis of\nthe assumption that the paths are differentiated by their actions, we show that\nthe maximum path information leads to a path probability distribution as a\nfunction of action from which the well known transition probability of Brownian\nmotion can be easily derived. An interesting result is that the most probable\npaths are just the paths of least action. This suggests that the principle of\nleast action, in a probabilistic situation, is equivalent to the principle of\nmaximization of information or uncertainty associated with the probability\ndistribution.",
        "positive": "Comparison of pure and combined search strategies for single and\n  multiple targets: We address the generic problem of random search for a point-like target on a\nline. Using the measures of search reliability and efficiency to quantify the\nrandom search quality, we compare Brownian search with L\\'evy search based on\nlong-tailed jump length distributions. We then compare these results with a\nsearch process combined of two different long-tailed jump length distributions.\nMoreover, we study the case of multiple targets located by a L\\'evy searcher."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Skewness and Kurtosis in Stochastic Thermodynamics: The thermodynamic uncertainty relation is a prominent result in stochastic\nthermodynamics that provides a bound on the fluctuations of any thermodynamic\nflux, also known as current, in terms of the average rate of entropy\nproduction. Such fluctuations are quantified by the second moment of the\nprobability distribution of the current. The role of higher order standardized\nmoments such as skewness and kurtosis remains largely unexplored. We analyze\nthe skewness and kurtosis associated with the first passage time of\nthermodynamic currents within the framework of stochastic thermodynamics. We\ndevelop a method to evaluate higher order standardized moments associated with\nthe first passage time of any current. For systems with a unicyclic network of\nstates, we conjecture upper and lower bounds on skewness and kurtosis\nassociated with entropy production. These bounds depend on the number of states\nand the thermodynamic force that drives the system out of equilibrium. We show\nthat these bounds for skewness and kurtosis do not hold for multicyclic\nnetworks. We discuss the application of our results to infer an underlying\nnetwork of states.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of single polymers under extreme confinement: We study the dynamics of a single chain polymer confined to a two dimensional\ncell. We introduce a kinetically constrained lattice gas model that preserves\nthe connectivity of the chain, and we use this kinetically constrained model to\nstudy the dynamics of the polymer at varying densities through Monte Carlo\nsimulations. Even at densities close to the fully-packed configuration, we find\nthat the monomers comprising the chain manage to diffuse around the box with a\nroot mean square displacement of the order of the box dimensions over time\nscales for which the overall geometry of the polymer is, nevertheless, largely\npreserved. To capture this shape persistence, we define the local tangent field\nand study the two-time tangent-tangent correlation function, which exhibits a\nglass-like behavior. In both closed and open chains, we observe reptational\nmotion and reshaping through local fingering events which entail global monomer\ndisplacement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic processes and conformal invariance: We discuss a one-dimensional model of a fluctuating interface with a dynamic\nexponent $z=1$. The events that occur are adsorption, which is local, and\ndesorption which is non-local and may take place over regions of the order of\nthe system size. In the thermodynamic limit, the time dependence of the system\nis given by characters of the $c=0$ conformal field theory of percolation. This\nimplies in a rigorous way a connection between CFT and stochastic processes.\nThe finite-size scaling behavior of the average height, interface width and\nother observables are obtained. The avalanches produced during desorption are\nanalyzed and we show that the probability distribution of the avalanche sizes\nobeys finite-size scaling with new critical exponents.",
        "positive": "Ideal Gas-Like Distributions in Economics: Effects of Saving Propensity: We consider the ideal-gas models of trading markets, where each agent is\nidentified with a gas molecule and each trading as an elastic or\nmoney-conserving (two-body) collision. Unlike in the ideal gas, we introduce\nsaving propensity $\\lambda$ of agents, such that each agent saves a fraction\n$\\lambda$ of its money and trades with the rest. We show the steady-state money\nor wealth distribution in a market is Gibbs-like for $\\lambda=0$, has got a\nnon-vanishing most-probable value for $\\lambda \\ne 0$ and Pareto-like when\n$\\lambda$ is widely distributed among the agents. We compare these results with\nobservations on wealth distributions of various countries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The dimer model on the triangular lattice: We analyze the partition function of the dimer model on an $\\mathcal{M}\n\\times \\mathcal{N}$ triangular lattice wrapped on torus obtained by Fendley,\nMoessner and Sondhi [Phys. Rev. B \\textbf{66}, 214513 (2002)]. From a\nfinite-size analysis we have found that the dimer model on such a lattice can\nbe described by conformal field theory having central charge $c=1$. The shift\nexponent for the specific heat is found to depend on the parity of the number\nof lattice sites $\\mathcal{N}$ along a given lattice axis: e.g., for odd\n$\\mathcal{N}$ we obtain the shift exponent $\\lambda=1$, while for even\n$\\mathcal{N}$ it is infinite ($\\lambda=\\infty$). In the former case, therefore,\nthe finite-size specific-heat pseudocritical point is size dependent, while in\nthe latter case, it coincides with the critical point of the thermodynamic\nlimit.",
        "positive": "Kibble-Zurek mechanism and infinitely slow annealing through critical\n  points: We revisit the Kibble-Zurek mechanism by analyzing the dynamics of phase\nordering systems during an infinitely slow annealing across a second order\nphase transition. We elucidate the time and cooling rate dependence of the\ntypical growing length and we use it to predict the number of topological\ndefects left over in the symmetry broken phase as a function of time, both\nclose and far from the critical region. Our results extend the Kibble-Zurek\nmechanism and reveal its limitations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective surface motion on a reactive cylinder of particles that\n  perform intermittent bulk diffusion: In many biological and small scale technological applications particles may\ntransiently bind to a cylindrical surface. In between two binding events the\nparticles diffuse in the bulk, thus producing an effective translation on the\ncylinder surface. We here derive the effective motion on the surface, allowing\nfor additional diffusion on the cylinder surface itself. We find explicit\nsolutions for the number of adsorbed particles at one given instant, the\neffective surface displacement, as well as the surface propagator. In\nparticular sub- and superdiffusive regimes are found, as well as an effective\nstalling of diffusion visible as a plateau in the mean squared displacement. We\nalso investigate the corresponding first passage and first return problems.",
        "positive": "Interface localisation-delocalisation transition in a symmetric polymer\n  blend: a finite-size scaling Monte Carlo study: Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations we study the phase diagram of a\nsymmetric binary (AB) polymer blend confined into a thin film as a function of\nthe film thickness D. The monomer-wall interactions are short ranged and\nantisymmetric, i.e, the left wall attracts the A-component of the mixture with\nthe same strength as the right wall the B-component, and give rise to a first\norder wetting transition in a semi-infinite geometry. The phase diagram and the\ncrossover between different critical behaviors is explored. For large film\nthicknesses we find a first order interface localisation/delocalisation\ntransition and the phase diagram comprises two critical points, which are the\nfinite film width analogies of the prewetting critical point. Using finite size\nscaling techniques we locate these critical points and present evidence of 2D\nIsing critical behavior. When we reduce the film width the two critical points\napproach the symmetry axis $\\phi=1/2$ of the phase diagram and for $D \\approx 2\nR_g$ we encounter a tricritical point. For even smaller film thickness the\ninterface localisation/delocalisation transition is second order and we find a\nsingle critical point at $\\phi=1/2$.\n  Measuring the probability distribution of the interface position we determine\nthe effective interaction between the wall and the interface. This effective\ninterface potential depends on the lateral system size even away from the\ncritical points. Its system size dependence stems from the large but finite\ncorrelation length of capillary waves. This finding gives direct evidence for a\nrenormalization of the interface potential by capillary waves in the framework\nof a microscopic model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical properties of one dimensional \"turbulence\": We study a one-dimensional discrete analog of the von Karman flow, widely\ninvestigated in turbulence. A lattice of anharmonic oscillators is excited by\nboth ends in order to create a large scale structure in a highly nonlinear\nmedium, in the presence of a dissipative term similar to the viscous term in a\nfluid. This system shows a striking similarity with a turbulent flow both at\nlocal and global scales. The properties of the nonlinear excitations of the\nlattice provide a partial understanding of this behavior.",
        "positive": "Current fluctuations in boundary-driven quantum spin chains: Boundary-driven spin chains are paradigmatic non-equilibrium systems in both\nclassical and quantum settings. In general it may not be possible to\ndistinguish classical from quantum transport through monitoring the mean\ncurrent, as both ballistic as well as diffusive regimes occur in either\nsetting. Here we show that genuine quantum features become manifest in large\nfluctuations which allow a discrimination between classical and quantum\ntransport: in the classical case, realizations that are characterized by\natypically large boundary activity are associated with larger than typical\ncurrents, i.e. an enhanced number of events at the boundaries goes together\nwith a large current. Conversely, in the quantum case the Zeno effect leads to\nthe suppression of current in trajectories with large activity at the boundary.\nWe analyze how these different dynamical regimes are reflected in the structure\nof rare fluctuations. We show furthermore that realizations supporting a large\ncurrent are generated via weak long-range correlations within the spin chain,\ntypically associated with hyperuniformity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-range level correlations in quantum systems with finite Hilbert\n  space dimension: We study the spectral statistics of quantum systems with finite Hilbert\nspaces. We derive a theorem showing that eigenlevels in such systems cannot be\nglobally uncorrelated, even in the case of fully integrable dynamics, as a\nconsequence of the unfolding procedure. We provide an analytic expression for\nthe power spectrum of the $\\delta_n$ statistic for a model of intermediate\nstatistics with level repulsion but independent spacings, and we show both\nnumerically and analytically that the result is spoiled by the unfolding\nprocedure. Then, we provide a simple model to account for this phenomenon, and\ntest it by means of numerics on the disordered XXZ chain, the paradigmatic\nmodel of many-body localization, and the rational Gaudin-Richardson model, a\nprototypical model for quantum integrability.",
        "positive": "Correlation spreading and properties of the quantum state in quench\n  dynamics: The light cone spreading of correlations following a quantum quench is\nobtained from first principles. Fully taking into account quantum and\ninteraction effects, the derivation shows how light cone dynamics does not\nrequire peculiar properties of the post-quench state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Opinion formation models on a gradient: Statistical physicists have become interested in models of collective social\nbehavior such as opinion formation, where individuals change their inherently\npreferred opinion if their friends disagree. Real preferences often depend on\nregional cultural differences, which we model here as a spatial gradient $g$ in\nthe initial opinion. The gradient does not only add reality to the model. It\ncan also reveal that opinion clusters in two dimensions are typically in the\nstandard (i.e.\\ independent) percolation universality class, thus settling a\nrecent controversy about a non-consensus model. However, using analytical and\nnumerical tools, we also present a model where the width of the transition\nbetween opinions scales $\\propto g^{-1/4}$, not $\\propto g^{-4/7}$ as in\nindependent percolation, and the cluster size distribution is consistent with\nfirst-order percolation.",
        "positive": "First-passage time statistics for non-linear diffusion: Evaluating the completion time of a random algorithm or a running stochastic\nprocess is a valuable tip not only from a purely theoretical, but also\npragmatic point of view. In the formal sense, this kind of a task is specified\nin terms of the first-passage time statistics. Although first-passage\nproperties of diffusive processes, usually modeled by different types of the\nlinear differential equations, are permanently explored with unflagging\nintensity, there still exists noticeable niche in this subject concerning the\nstudy of the non-linear diffusive processes. Therefore, the objective of the\npresent paper is to fill this gap, at least to some extent. Here, we consider\nthe non-linear diffusion equation in which a diffusivity is power-law dependent\non the concentration/probability density, and analyse its properties from the\nviewpoint of the first-passage time statistics. Depending on the value of the\npower-law exponent, we demonstrate the exact and approximate expressions for\nthe survival probability and the first-passage time distribution along with its\nasymptotic representation. These results refer to the freely and harmonically\ntrapped diffusing particle. While in the former case the mean first-passage\ntime is divergent, even though the first-passage time distribution is\nnormalized to unity, it is finite in the latter. To support this result, we\nderive the exact formula for the mean first-passage time to the target\nprescribed in the minimum of the harmonic potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Planar quasiperiodic Ising models: We investigate zero-field Ising models on periodic approximants of planar\nquasiperiodic tilings by means of partition function zeros and high-temperature\nexpansions. These are obtained by employing a determinant expression for the\npartition function. The partition function zeros in the complex temperature\nplane yield precise estimates of the critical temperature of the quasiperiodic\nmodel. Concerning the critical behaviour, our results are compatible with\nOnsager universality, in agreement with the Harris-Luck criterion based on\nscaling arguments.",
        "positive": "Barrier crossing induced by very slow external noise: We consider the motion of a particle in a force field subjected to adiabatic,\nfluctuations of external origin. We do not put the restriction on the type of\nstochastic process that the noise is Gaussian. Based on a method developed\nearlier by us [ J. Phys. A {\\bf 31} (1998) 3937, 7301] we have derived the\nequation of motion for probability distribution function for the particle on a\ncoarse-grained timescale $\\Delta t$ assuming that it satisfies the separation\nof timescales; $|\\mu |^{-1} \\ll \\Delta t \\ll \\tau_c$, where $\\tau_c$ is the\ncorrelation time of fluctuations. $|\\mu |^{-1}$ refers to the inverse of the\ndamping rate (or, the largest of the eigenvalues of the unperturbed system) and\nsets the shortest timescale in the dynamics in contrast to the conventional\ntheory of fast fluctuations. The equation includes a third order noise term. We\nsolve the equation for a Kramers' type potential and show that although the\nsystem is thermodynamically open, appropriate boundary conditions allow the\ndistinct steady states. Based on the exact solution of the third order equation\nfor the linearized potential and the condition for attainment of the steady\nstates we calculate the adiabatic noise-induced rate of escape of a particle\nconfined in a well. A typical variation of the escape rate as a function of\ndissipation which is reminiscent of Kramers' turn-over problem, has been\ndemonstrated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of Energy Transport in a Toda Ring: We present results on the relationships between persistent currents and the\nknown conservation laws in the classical Toda ring. We also show that\nperturbing the integrability leads to a decay of the currents at long times,\nwith a time scale that is determined by the perturbing parameter. We summarize\nseveral known results concerning the Toda ring in 1-dimension, and present new\nresults relating to the frequency, average kinetic and potential energy, and\nmean square displacement in the cnoidal waves, as functions of the wave vector\nand a parameter that determines the non linearity.",
        "positive": "Exact Results for the Moments of the Rapidity Distribution in\n  Galilean-Invariant Integrable Models: We study a class of Galilean-invariant one-dimensional Bethe ansatz solvable\nmodels in the thermodynamic limit. Their rapidity distribution obeys an\nintegral equation with a difference kernel over a finite interval, which does\nnot admit a closed-form solution. We develop a general formalism enabling one\nto study the moments of the rapidity distribution, showing that they satisfy a\ndifference-differential equation. The derived equation is explicitly analyzed\nin the case of the Lieb-Liniger model and the moments are analytically\ncalculated. In addition, we obtained the exact information about the\nground-state energy at weak repulsion. The obtained results directly enter a\nnumber of physically relevant quantities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium fluctuations in small systems: From physics to biology: In this paper I am presenting an overview on several topics related to\nnonequilibrium fluctuations in small systems. I start with a general discussion\nabout fluctuation theorems and applications to physical examples extracted from\nphysics and biology: a bead in an optical trap and single molecule force\nexperiments. Next I present a general discussion on path thermodynamics and\nconsider distributions of work/heat fluctuations as large deviation functions.\nThen I address the topic of glassy dynamics from the perspective of\nnonequilibrium fluctuations due to small cooperatively rearranging regions.\nFinally, I conclude with a brief digression on future perspectives.",
        "positive": "Algorithmic Complexity in Minority Game: In this paper we introduce a new approach for the study of the complex\nbehavior of Minority Game using the tools of algorithmic complexity, physical\nentropy and information theory. We show that physical complexity and mutual\ninformation function strongly depend on memory size of the agents and yields\nmore information about the complex features of the stream of binary outcomes of\nthe game than volatility itself."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlocal Asymmetric exclusion process on a ring and conformal invariance: We present a one-dimensional nonlocal hopping model with exclusion on a ring.\nThe model is related to the Raise and Peel growth model. A nonnegative\nparameter $u$ controls the ratio of the local backwards and nonlocal forwards\nhopping rates. The phase diagram and consequently the values of the current,\ndepend on $u$ and the density of particles. In the special case of half-filling\nand $u = 1$ the system is conformal invariant and an exact value of the current\nfor any size $L$ of the system is conjectured and checked for large lattice\nsizes in Monte Carlo simulations. For $u > 1$ the current has a non-analytic\ndependence on the density when the latter approaches the half-filling value.",
        "positive": "Assessment of the dependence of $(\u03b4{S}/\u03b4{V})$ on the heat\n  influx for a well-stirred two-phase system with interfacial boiling: For a well-stirred multiphase fluid systems the mean interface area per unit\nvolume, $(\\delta{S}/\\delta{V})$, is a significant characteristic of the system\nstate. In particular, it is important for the dynamics of systems of immiscible\nliquids experiencing interfacial boiling. We estimate the value of parameter\n$(\\delta{S}/\\delta{V})$ as a function of heat influx $\\dot{Q}_V$ to the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chains of Viscoelastic Spheres: Given a chain of viscoelastic spheres with fixed masses of the first and last\nparticles. We raise the question: How to chose the masses of the other\nparticles of the chain to assure maximal energy transfer? The results are\ncompared with a chain of particles for which a constant coefficient of\nrestitution is assumed. Our simple example shows that the assumption of\nviscoelastic particle properties has not only important consequences for very\nlarge systems (see [1]) but leads also to qualitative changes in small systems\nas compared with particles interacting via a constant restitution coefficient.",
        "positive": "Dynamical phase transitions in $XY$ model: a Monte Carlo and mean-field\n  theory study: We investigate the dynamical phases and phase transitions arising in a\nclassical two-dimensional anisotropic $XY$ model under the influence of a\nperiodically driven temporal external magnetic field in the form of a symmetric\nsquare wave. We use a combination of finite temperature classical Monte Carlo\nsimulation, implemented within a CPU + GPU paradigm, utilizing local dynamics\nprovided by the Glauber algorithm and a phenomenological equation-of-motion\napproach based on relaxational dynamics governed by the time-dependent free\nenergy within a mean-field approximation to study the model. We investigate\nseveral parameter regimes of the variables (magnetic field, anisotropy, and the\nexternal drive frequency) that influence the anisotropic $XY$ system. We\nidentify four possible dynamical phases -- Ising-SBO, Ising-SRO, $XY$-SBO and\n$XY$-SRO. Both techniques indicate that only three of them (Ising-SRO,\nIsing-SBO, and $XY$-SRO) are stable dynamical phases in the thermodynamic\nsense. Within the Monte Carlo framework, a finite size scaling analysis shows\nthat $XY$-SBO does not survive in the thermodynamic limit giving way to either\nan Ising-SBO or a $XY$-SRO regime. The finite size scaling analysis further\nshows that the transitions between the three remaining dynamical phases either\nbelong to the two-dimensional Ising universality class or are first-order in\nnature. The mean-field calculations yield three stable dynamical phases, i.e.,\nIsing-SRO, Ising-SBO and $XY$-SRO, where the final steady state is independent\nof the initial condition chosen to evolve the equations of motion, as well as a\nregion of bistability where the system either flows to Ising-SBO or $XY$-SRO\n(Ising-SRO) depending on the initial condition. Unlike the stable dynamical\nphases, the $XY$-SBO represents a transient feature that is eventually lost to\neither Ising-SBO or $XY$-SRO."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Luttinger model: its role in the RG-theory of one dimensional many\n  body Fermi systems: The Luttinger model was introduced to illustrate the theory of Tomonaga via\nan exactly soluble model. It became soon the subject of great interest also on\nthe part of Mathematical Physics and a key to the investigations of the\nmathematical properties of Condensed Matter Physics. This paper reviews aspects\nof the above developments relevant for renormalization group methods.",
        "positive": "Expediting Feller process with stochastic resetting: We explore the effect of stochastic resetting on the first-passage properties\nof Feller process. The Feller process can be envisioned as space-dependent\ndiffusion, with diffusion coefficient $D(x)=x$, in a potential\n$U(x)=x\\left(\\frac{x}{2}-\\theta \\right)$ that owns a minimum at $\\theta$. This\nrestricts the process to the positive side of the origin and therefore, Feller\ndiffusion can successfully model a vast array of phenomena in biological and\nsocial sciences, where realization of negative values is forbidden. In our\nanalytically tractable model system, a particle that undergoes Feller diffusion\nis subject to Poissonian resetting, i.e., taken back to its initial position at\na constant rate $r$, after random time epochs. We addressed the two distinct\ncases that arise when the relative position of the absorbing boundary ($x_a$)\nwith respect to the initial position of the particle ($x_0$) differ, i.e., for\n(a) $x_0<x_a$ and (b) $x_a<x_0$. We observe that for $x_0<x_a$, resetting\naccelerates first-passage when $\\theta<\\theta_c$, where $\\theta_c$ is a\ncritical value of $\\theta$ that decreases when $x_a$ is moved away from the\norigin. In stark contrast, for $x_a<x_0$, resetting accelerates first-passage\nwhen $\\theta>\\theta_c$, where $\\theta_c$ is a critical value of $\\theta$ that\nincreases when $x_0$ is moved away from the origin. Our study opens up the\npossibility of a series of subsequent works with more case-specific models of\nFeller diffusion with resetting."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of a triangular lattice Ising AF/FM bilayer: We study a bilayer Ising spin system consisting of antiferromagnetic (AF) and\nferromagnetic (FM) triangular planes, coupled by ferromagnetic exchange\ninteraction, by standard Monte Carlo and parallel tempering methods. The AF/FM\nbilayer is found to display the critical behavior completely different from\nboth the single FM and AF constituents as well as the FM/FM and AF/AF bilayers.\nNamely, by finite-size scaling (FSS) analysis we identify at the same\ntemperature a standard Ising transition from the paramagnetic to FM state in\nthe FM plane that induces a ferrimagnetic state with a finite net magnetic\nmoment in the AF plane. At lower temperatures there is another phase\ntransition, that takes place only in the AF plane, to different ferrimagnetic\nstate with spins on two sublattices pointing parallel and on one sublattice\nantiparallel to the spins on the FM plane. FSS indicates that the corresponding\ncritical exponents are close to the two-dimensional three-state ferromagnetic\nPotts model values.",
        "positive": "Geometry-controlled Failure Mechanisms of Amorphous Solids on the\n  Nanoscale: Amorphous solids, confined on the nano-scale, exhibit a wealth of novel\nphenomena yet to be explored. In particular, the response of such solids to a\nmechanical load is not well understood and, as has been demonstrated\nexperimentally, it differs strongly from bulk samples made of the same\nmaterials. Failure patterns and mechanisms are strongly affected by the\ngeometry of the confinement and the interplay between interfacial effects in\nthe sample and the time scale, imposed by an external mechanical field. Here,\nwe present the mechanism of cavity formation in a confined model glass,\nsubjected to expansion with a constant strain rate. This system is studied for\nvarying geometric aspect ratio and sample size. Our results show that for a\ngiven temperature and straining condition, the sample shows cavitation when the\naspect ratio reaches a critical value and below this aspect ratio the sample\nbreaks by forming a neck. The critical aspect ratio is associated with a\ncritical curvature of the neck that depends on strain rate and temperature. If\nthis critical curvature is exceeded, the free energy of the system is minimized\nby the formation of a cavity. Our study reveals a novel mechanism of cavity\nformation on the nanoscale. This is probably a generic mechanism for material's\nfailure in small confined systems under mechanical load."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Velocity fluctuations of noisy reaction fronts propagating into a\n  metastable state: testing theory in stochastic simulations: The position of a reaction front, propagating into a metastable state,\nfluctuates because of the shot noise of reactions and diffusion. A recent\ntheory [B. Meerson, P.V. Sasorov, and Y. Kaplan, Phys. Rev. E 84, 011147\n(2011)] gave a closed analytic expression for the front diffusion coefficient\nin the weak noise limit. Here we test this theory in stochastic simulations\ninvolving reacting and diffusing particles on a one-dimensional lattice. We\nalso investigate a small noise-induced systematic shift of the front velocity\ncompared to the prediction from the spatially continuous deterministic\nreaction-diffusion equation.",
        "positive": "Multifractal scaling in the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld Sandpile and edge events: An analysis of moments and spectra shows that, while the distribution of\navalanche areas obeys finite size scaling, that of toppling numbers is\nuniversally characterized by a full, nonlinear multifractal spectrum. Rare,\nlarge avalanches dissipating at the border influence the statistics very\nsensibly. Only once they are excluded from the sample, the conditional toppling\ndistribution for given area simplifies enough to show also a well defined,\nmultifractal scaling. The resulting picture brings to light unsuspected, novel\nphysics in the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vortices in the two-dimensional Simple Exclusion Process: We show that the fluctuations of the partial current in two dimensional\ndiffusive systems are dominated by vortices leading to a different scaling from\nthe one predicted by the hydrodynamic large deviation theory. This is supported\nby exact computations of the variance of partial current fluctuations for the\nsymmetric simple exclusion process on general graphs. On a two-dimensional\ntorus, our exact expressions are compared to the results of numerical\nsimulations. They confirm the logarithmic dependence on the system size of the\nfluctuations of the partialflux. The impact of the vortices on the validity of\nthe fluctuation relation for partial currents is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Renormalization group analysis of the quantum non-linear sigma model\n  with a damping term: We investigate the behavior of the zero-temperature quantum non-linear sigma\nmodel in d dimensions in the presence of a damping term of the form f(w)~\n|w|^alpha, with 1 \\le alpha <2. We find two fixed points: a spin-wave fixed\npoint FP1 showing a dynamic scaling exponent z=1 and a dissipative fixed point\nFP2 with z>1. In the framework of the \\epsilon-expansion it is seen that there\nis a range of values alpha_*(d) \\le alpha \\le 2 where the point FP1 is stable\nwith respect to FP2, so that the system realizes a z=1 quantum critical\nbehavior even in the presence of a dissipative term. However, reasonable\narguments suggest that in d=2 this range is very narrow. In the broken symmetry\nphase we discuss a phenomenological scaling approach, treating damping as a\nperturbation of the ordered ground state. The relation of these results with\nthe pseudogap effect observed in underdoped layered cuprates is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The role of attractive forces in viscous liquids: We present evidence from computer simulation that the slowdown of relaxation\nof a standard Lennard-Jones glass-forming liquid and that of its reduction to a\nmodel with truncated pair potentials without attractive tails is quantitatively\nand qualitatively different in the viscous regime. The pair structure of the\ntwo models is however very similar. This finding, which appears to contradict\nthe common view that the physics of dense liquids is dominated by the steep\nrepulsive forces between atoms, is characterized in detail, and its\nconsequences are explored. Beyond the role of attractive forces themselves, a\nkey aspect in explaining the differences in the dynamical behavior of the two\nmodels is the truncation of the interaction potentials beyond a cutoff at\ntypical interatomic distance. This leads us to question the ability of the\njamming scenario to describe the physics of glass-forming liquids and polymers.",
        "positive": "Geometrical and transport properties of sequential adsorption clusters: We investigate transport properties of percolating clusters generated by\nirreversible cooperative sequential adsorption (CSA) on square lattices with\nArrhenius rates given by ki= q^(ni), where ni is the number of occupied\nneighbors of the site i, and q a controlling parameter. Our results show a\ndependence of the prefactors on q and a strong finite size effect for small\nvalues of this parameter, both impacting the size of the backbone and the\nglobal conductance of the system. These results might be pertinent to practical\napplications in processes involving adsorption of particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ergodicity breaking transition in zero dimensions: It is of great current interest to establish toy models of ergodicity\nbreaking transitions in quantum many-body systems. Here we study a model that\nis expected to exhibit an ergodic to nonergodic transition in the thermodynamic\nlimit upon tuning the coupling between an ergodic quantum dot and distant\nparticles with spin-1/2. The model is effectively zero dimensional, however, a\nvariant of the model was proposed by De Roeck and Huveneers to describe the\navalanche mechanism of ergodicity breaking transition in one-dimensional\ndisordered spin chains. We show that exact numerical results based on the\nspectral form factor calculation accurately agree with theoretical predictions,\nand hence unambiguously confirm existence of the ergodicity breaking transition\nin this model. We benchmark specific properties that represent hallmarks of the\nergodicity breaking transition in finite systems.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation force exerted by a planar self-avoiding polymer: Using results from Schramm Loewner evolution (SLE), we give the expression of\nthe fluctuation-induced force exerted by a polymer on a small impenetrable\ndisk, in various 2-dimensional domain geometries. We generalize to two polymers\nand examine whether the fluctuation force can trap the object into a stable\nequilibrium. We compute the force exerted on objects at the domain boundary,\nand the force mediated by the polymer between such objects. The results can\nstraightforwardly be extended to any SLE interface, including Ising,\npercolation, and loop-erased random walks. Some are relevant for extremal value\nstatistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transition in a phonon gas with pair correlation: The phase transition to the state of a phonon gas with pairwise correlations\nof interacting phonons with opposite momenta is studies. A method for\ndescribing such phonon systems within the framework of the self-consistent\nfield model is developed and their thermodynamic characteristics are\ncalculated. It is shown that a phonon gas with pair correlations can exist in a\nstate of unstable thermodynamic equilibrium. The possibility of experimental\nobservation of a solid in such a phase is discussed.",
        "positive": "Jordan-Wigner transformations and their generalizations for\n  multidimensional systems: In the paper nonlinear transformations of the Jordan-Wigner (JW) type are\nintroduced in the form different from the ones known previously, for the\npurpose of expressing multi-index Pauli operators in terms of multi-index Fermi\ncreation and annihilation operators. These JW transformations in the general\ncase being a subject of a rather complicated algebra of transposition relations\nbetween various sets of Fermi creation and annihilation operators, depending on\nthe common multiindex of the latter, is shown. As an example, the two- and\nthree- dimensional transformations of the JW type are investigated, their\nproperties and possible applications in analysis of a couple of lattice models\nof statistical mechanics and also an example of application of these\ntransformations to problems of self-avoiding walks in graph theory, are\ndiscussed. The relation of the obtained transformations to the previously known\ntransformations of the JW type for higher dimensions is shown."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytic Form of a Two-Dimensional Critical Distribution: This paper explores the possibility of establishing an analytic form of the\ndistribution of the order parameter fluctuations in a two-dimensional critical\nspin wave model, or width fluctuations of a two dimensional Edwards-Wilkinson\ninterface. It is shown that the characteristic function of the distribution can\nbe expressed exactly as a Gamma function quotient, while a Charlier series,\nusing the convolution of two Gumbel distributions as the kernel, converges to\nthe exact result over a restricted domain. These results can also be extended\nto calculate the temperature dependence of the distribution and give an insight\ninto the origin of Gumbel-like distributions in steady-state and equilibrium\nquantities that are not extreme values.",
        "positive": "Effective potential approach to hybrid synchronization transitions: The Kuramoto model exhibits different types of synchronization transitions\ndepending on the type of natural frequency distribution. To obtain these\nresults, the Kuramoto self-consistency equation (SCE) approach has been used\nsuccessfully. However, this approach affords only limited understanding of more\ndetailed properties such as the stability and finite size effect. Here, we\nextend the SCE approach by introducing an effective potential, that is, an\nintegral version of the SCE. We examine the landscape of this effective\npotential for second-order, first-order, and hybrid synchronization transitions\nin the thermodynamic limit. In particular, for the hybrid transition, we find\nthat the minimum of effective potential displays a plateau across the region in\nwhich the order parameter jumps. This result suggests that the effective free\nenergy can be used to determine a type of synchronization transition. For\nfinite systems, the effective potential contains local minima at which the\nsystem can be trapped. Using numerical simulations, we determine the stability\nof the system as a function of system size and simulation time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reciprocity relations between ordinary temperature and the\n  Frieden-Soffer's Fisher-temperature: Frieden and Soffer conjectured some years ago the existence of a ``Fisher\ntemperature\" T_F that would play, with regards to Fisher's information measure\nI, the same role that the ordinary temperature T plays vis-a-vis Shannon's\nlogarithmic measure. Here we exhibit the existence of reciprocity relations\nbetween T_F and T and provide an interpretation with reference to the meaning\nof T_F for the canonical ensemble.",
        "positive": "The Bond-Algebraic Approach to Dualities: An algebraic theory of dualities is developed based on the notion of bond\nalgebras. It deals with classical and quantum dualities in a unified fashion\nexplaining the precise connection between quantum dualities and the low\ntemperature (strong-coupling)/high temperature (weak-coupling) dualities of\nclassical statistical mechanics (or (Euclidean) path integrals). Its range of\napplications includes discrete lattice, continuum field, and gauge theories.\nDualities are revealed to be local, structure-preserving mappings between\nmodel-specific bond algebras that can be implemented as unitary\ntransformations, or partial isometries if gauge symmetries are involved. This\ncharacterization permits to search systematically for dualities and\nself-dualities in quantum models of arbitrary system size, dimensionality and\ncomplexity, and any classical model admitting a transfer matrix representation.\nDualities like exact dimensional reduction, emergent, and gauge-reducing\ndualities that solve gauge constraints can be easily understood in terms of\nmappings of bond algebras. As a new example, we show that the (\\mathbb{Z}_2)\nHiggs model is dual to the extended toric code model {\\it in any number of\ndimensions}. Non-local dual variables and Jordan-Wigner dictionaries are\nderived from the local mappings of bond algebras. Our bond-algebraic approach\ngoes beyond the standard approach to classical dualities, and could help\nresolve the long standing problem of obtaining duality transformations for\nlattice non-Abelian models. As an illustration, we present new dualities in any\nspatial dimension for the quantum Heisenberg model. Finally, we discuss various\napplications including location of phase boundaries, spectral behavior and,\nnotably, we show how bond-algebraic dualities help constrain and realize\nfermionization in an arbitrary number of spatial dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Force induced stretched state: Effects of temperature: A model of self avoiding walks with suitable constraint has been developed to\nstudy the effect of temperature on a single stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the\nconstant force ensemble. Our exact calculations for small chains show that the\nextension (reaction co-ordinate) may increase or decrease with the temperature\ndepending upon the applied force. The simple model developed here which\nincorporates semi-microscopic details of base direction provide an explanation\nof the force induced transitions in ssDNA as observed in experiments.",
        "positive": "Integral Quantum Fluctuation Theorems under Measurement and Feedback\n  control: We derive integral quantum fluctuation theorems and quantum Jarzynski\nequalities for a feedback-controlled system and a memory which registers\noutcomes of the measurement. The obtained equalities involve the information\ncontent, which reflects the information exchange between the system and the\nmemory, and take into account the back action of a general measurement contrary\nto the classical case. The generalized second law of thermodynamics under\nmeasurement and feedback control are reproduced from these equalities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Disordered Kitaev chain with long-range pairing: Loschmidt echo revivals\n  and dynamical phase transitions: We explore the dynamics of long-range Kitaev chain by varying pairing\ninteraction exponent, $\\alpha$. It is well known that distinctive\ncharacteristics on the nonequilibrium dynamics of a closed quantum system are\nclosely related to the equilibrium phase transitions. Specifically, the return\nprobability of the system to its initial state (Loschmidt echo), in the finite\nsize system, is expected to exhibit very nice periodicity after a sudden quench\nto a quantum critical point. Where the periodicity of the revivals scales\ninversely with the maximum of the group velocity. We show that, contrary to\nexpectations, the periodicity of the return probability breaks for a sudden\nquench to the non-trivial quantum critical point. Further, We find that, the\nperiodicity of return probability scales inversely with the group velocity at\nthe gap closing point for a quench to the trivial critical point of truly\nlong-range pairing case, $\\alpha < 1$. In addition, analyzing the effect of\naveraging quenched disorder shows that the revivals in the short range pairing\ncases are more robust against disorder than that of the long rang pairing case.\nWe also study the effect of disorder on the non-analyticities of rate function\nof the return probability which introduced as a witness of the dynamical phase\ntransition. We exhibit that, the non-analyticities in the rate function of\nreturn probability are washed out in the presence of strong disorders.",
        "positive": "Explicit construction of the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the graph\n  Laplacian on the Cayley tree: A generalized Fourier analysis on arbitrary graphs calls for a detailed\nknowledge of the eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian. Using the symmetries of\nthe Cayley tree, we recursively construct the family of eigenvectors with\nexponentially growing eigenspaces, associated with eigenvalues in the lower\npart of the spectrum. The spectral gap decays exponentially with the tree size,\nfor large trees. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors obey recursion relations\nwhich arise from the nested geometry of the tree. Such analytical solutions for\nthe eigenvectors of non-periodic networks are needed to provide a firm basis\nfor the spectral renormalization group which we have proposed earlier [A.\nTuncer and A. Erzan, Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 92}, 022106 (2015)].\n  PACS Nos. 02.10.Ox Combinatorics; graph theory, 02.10.Ud Linear algebra,\n02.30 Nw Fourier analysis"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite market size as a source of extreme wealth inequality and market\n  instability: We study the finite-size effects in some scaling systems, and show that the\nfinite number of agents N leads to a cut-off in the upper value of the Pareto\nlaw for the relative individual wealth. The exponent $\\alpha$ of the Pareto law\nobtained in stochastic multiplicative market models is crucially affected by\nthe fact that N is always finite in real systems. We show that any finite value\nof N leads to properties which can differ crucially from the naive theoretical\nresults obtained by assuming an infinite N. In particular, finite N may cause\nin the absence of an appropriate social policy extreme wealth inequality\n$\\alpha < 1$ and market instability.",
        "positive": "Glass transition and effective potential in the hypernetted chain\n  approximation: We study the glassy transition for simple liquids in the hypernetted chain\n(HNC) approximation by means of an effective potential recently introduced.\nIntegrating the HNC equations for hard spheres, we find a transition scenario\nanalogous to that of the long range disordered systems with ``one step replica\nsymmetry breaking''. Our result agree qualitatively with Monte Carlo\nsimulations of three dimensional hard spheres."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Origin of Temperature Gradient in Nonequilibrium Steady States in Weakly\n  Coupled Quantum Spin Systems: We study nonequilibrium steady states (NESSs) in quantum spin-1/2 chains in\ncontact with two heat baths at different temperatures. We consider the\nweak-coupling limit both for spin-spin coupling in the system and for\nsystem-bath coupling. This setting allows us to treat NESSs with a nonzero\ntemperature gradient analytically. We develop a perturbation theory for this\nweak-coupling situation and show a simple condition for the existence of\nnonzero temperature gradient. This condition is independent of the\nintegrability of the system.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of the frustrated spin ladder: We re-visit the phase diagram of the frustrated spin-1/2 ladder with two\ncompeting inter-chain antiferromagnetic exchanges, rung coupling J_\\perp and\ndiagonal coupling J_\\times. We suggest, based on the accurate renormalization\ngroup analysis of the low-energy Hamiltonian of the ladder, that marginal\ninter-chain current-current interaction plays central role in destabilizing\npreviously predicted intermediate columnar dimer phase in the vicinity of\nclassical degeneracy line J_\\perp = 2J_\\times. Following this insight we then\nsuggest that changing these competing inter-chain exchanges from the previously\nconsidered antiferromagnetic to the ferromagnetic ones eliminates the issue of\nthe marginal interactions altogether and dramatically expands the region of\nstability of the columnar dimer phase. This analytical prediction is\nconvincingly confirmed by the numerical density matrix renormalization group\nand exact diagonalization calculations as well as by the perturbative\ncalculation in the strong rung-coupling limit. The phase diagram for\nferromagnetic J_\\perp and J_\\times is determined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Macroscopic Irreversibility in Quantum Systems: ETH and Equilibration in\n  a Free Fermion Chain: We consider a free fermion chain with a uniform nearest-neighbor hopping and\na macroscopic number of particles. Fix any subset $S$ of the chain. For any\ninitial state, we prove that, at a sufficiently large and typical time, the\n(measurement result of the) number of particles in $S$ almost certainly equals\nits equilibrium value (corresponding to the uniform particle distribution).\nThis establishes the emergence of irreversible behavior in a system governed by\nthe quantum mechanical unitary time evolution. It is conceptually important\nthat irreversibility is proved here without introducing any randomness to the\ninitial state or the Hamiltonian, while the derivation of irreversibility in\nclassical systems relies on certain randomness. The essential new ingredient in\nthe proof is the justification of the strong ETH (energy eigenstate\nthermalization hypothesis) in the large-deviation form.",
        "positive": "Hub-Based Community Finding: This article presents a hub-based approach to community finding in complex\nnetworks. After identifying the network nodes with highest degree (the\nso-called hubs), the network is flooded with wavefronts of labels emanating\nfrom the hubs, accounting for the identification of the involved communities.\nThe simplicity and potential of this method, which is presented for\ndirect/undirected and weighted/unweighted networks, is illustrated with respect\nto the Zachary karate club data, image segmentation, and concept association.\nAttention is also given to the identification of the boundaries between\ncommunities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic phase diagram of the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic zigzag ladder: We study the one-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg model with antiferromagnetic\nnearest-neighbor J_1 and next-nearest-neighbor J_2 exchange couplings in\nmagnetic field h. With varying dimensionless parameters J_2/J_1 and h/J_1, the\nground state of the model exhibits several phases including three gapped phases\n(dimer, 1/3-magnetization plateau, and fully polarized phases) and four types\nof gapless Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) phases which we dub TLL1, TLL2,\nspin-density-wave (SDW_2), and vector chiral phases. From extensive numerical\ncalculations using the density-matrix renormalization-group method, we\ninvestigate various (multiple-)spin correlation functions in detail, and\ndetermine dominant and subleading correlations in each phase. For the\none-component TLLs, i.e., the TLL1, SDW_2, and vector chiral phases, we fit the\nnumerically obtained correlation functions to those calculated from effective\nlow-energy theories of TLLs, and find good agreement between them. The\nlow-energy theory for each critical TLL phase is thus identified, together with\nTLL parameters which control the exponents of power-law decaying correlation\nfunctions. For the TLL2 phase, we develop an effective low-energy theory of\ntwo-component TLL consisting of two free bosons (central charge c=1+1), which\nexplains numerical results of entanglement entropy and Friedel oscillations of\nlocal magnetization. Implications of our results to possible magnetic phase\ntransitions in real quasi-one-dimensional compounds are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Master crossover behavior of parachor correlations for one-component\n  fluids: The master asymptotic behavior of the usual parachor correlations, expressing\nsurface tension $\\sigma$ as a power law of the density difference\n$\\rho_{L}-\\rho_{V}$ between coexisting liquid and vapor, is analyzed for a\nseries of pure compounds close to their liquid-vapor critical point, using only\nfour critical parameters $(\\beta_{c})^{-1}$, $\\alpha_{c}$, $Z_{c}$ and $Y_{c}$,\nfor each fluid.\n  ... The main consequences of these theoretical estimations are discussed in\nthe light of engineering applications and process simulations where parachor\ncorrelations constitute one of the most practical method for estimating surface\ntension from density and capillary rise measurements."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusive Thermal Dynamics for the Ising Ferromagnet: We introduce a thermal dynamics for the Ising ferromagnet where the energy\nvariations occurring within the system exhibit a diffusive character typical of\nthermalizing agents such as e.g. localized excitations. Time evolution is\nprovided by a walker hopping across the sites of the underlying lattice\naccording to local probabilities depending on the usual Boltzmann weight at a\ngiven temperature. Despite the canonical hopping probabilities the walker\ndrives the system to a stationary state which is not reducible to the canonical\nequilibrium state in a trivial way. The system still exhibits a magnetic phase\ntransition occurring at a finite value of the temperature larger than the\ncanonical one. The dependence of the model on the density of walkers realizing\nthe dynamics is also discussed. Interestingly the differences between the\nstationary state and the Boltzmann equilibrium state decrease with increasing\nnumber of walkers.",
        "positive": "On the low temperature series expansion for the diagonal correlation\n  functions in the two-dimensional Ising model: A previously tested differential equation method for generating low\ntemperature series expansion for diagonal spin-spin correlation functions in\nthe d=2 Ising model is extended to generate the non-universal terms for\narbitrary separation of the spins. This extends the earlier calculations of\nthese correlation functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical quench dynamics in confined systems: We analyze the coherent quantum evolution of a many-particle system after\nslowly sweeping a power-law confining potential. The amplitude of the confining\npotential is varied in time along a power-law ramp such that the many-particle\nsystem finally reaches or crosses a critical point. Under this protocol we\nderive general scaling laws for the density of excitations created during the\nnon-adiabatic sweep of the confining potential. It is found that the mean\nexcitation density follows an algebraic law as a function of the sweeping rate\nwith an exponent that depends on the space-time properties of the potential. We\nconfirm our scaling laws by first order adiabatic calculation and exact results\non the Ising quantum chain with a varying transverse field.",
        "positive": "Human behavior as origin of traffic phases: It is shown that the desire for smooth and comfortable driving is directly\nresponsible for the occurrence of complex spatio-temporal structures\n(``synchronized traffic'') in highway traffic. This desire goes beyond the\navoidance of accidents which so far has been the main focus of microscopic\nmodeling and which is mainly responsible for the other two phases observed\nempirically, free flow and wide moving jams. These features have been\nincorporated into a microscopic model based on stochastic cellular automata and\nthe results of computer simulations are compared with empirical data. The\nsimple structure of the model allows for very fast implementations of realistic\nnetworks. The level of agreement with the empirical findings opens new\nperspectives for reliable traffic forecasts."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Intrinsic degree-correlations in static model of scale-free networks: We calculate the mean neighboring degree function $\\bar k_{\\rm{nn}}(k)$ and\nthe mean clustering function $C(k)$ of vertices with degree $k$ as a function\nof $k$ in finite scale-free random networks through the static model. While\nboth are independent of $k$ when the degree exponent $\\gamma \\geq 3$, they show\nthe crossover behavior for $2 < \\gamma < 3$ from $k$-independent behavior for\nsmall $k$ to $k$-dependent behavior for large $k$. The $k$-dependent behavior\nis analytically derived. Such a behavior arises from the prevention of\nself-loops and multiple edges between each pair of vertices. The analytic\nresults are confirmed by numerical simulations. We also compare our results\nwith those obtained from a growing network model, finding that they behave\ndifferently from each other.",
        "positive": "Kinetic Theory and Hydrodynamics for a Low Density Gas: Many features of real granular fluids under rapid flow are exhibited as well\nby a system of smooth hard spheres with inelastic collisions. For such a\nsystem, it is tempting to apply standard methods of kinetic theory and\nhydrodynamics to calculate properties of interest. The domain of validity for\nsuch methods is a priori uncertain due to the inelasticity, but recent\nsystematic studies continue to support the utility of kinetic theory and\nhydrodynamics as both qualitative and quantitative descriptions for many\nphysical states. The basis for kinetic theory and hydrodynamic descriptions is\ndiscussed briefly for the special case of a low density gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-monotonic dependence of the friction coefficient on heterogeneous\n  stiffness: The complexity of the frictional dynamics at the microscopic scale makes\ndifficult to identify all of its controlling parameters. Indeed, experiments on\nsheared elastic bodies have shown that the static friction coefficient depends\non loading conditions, the real area of contact along the interfaces and the\nconfining pressure. Here we show, by means of numerical simulations of a 2D\nBurridge-Knopoff model with a simple local friction law, that the macroscopic\nfriction coefficient depends non-monotonically on the bulk elasticity of the\nsystem. This occurs because elastic constants control the geometrical features\nof the rupture fronts during the stick-slip dynamics, leading to four different\nordering regimes characterized by different orientations of the rupture fronts\nwith respect to the external shear direction. We rationalize these results by\nmeans of an energetic balance argument.",
        "positive": "Run-and-tumble particles with hydrodynamics: sedimentation, trapping and\n  upstream swimming: We simulate by lattice Boltzmann the nonequilibrium steady states of\nrun-and-tumble particles (inspired by a minimal model of bacteria), interacting\nby far-field hydrodynamics, subject to confinement. Under gravity, hydrodynamic\ninteractions barely perturb the steady state found without them, but for\nparticles in a harmonic trap such a state is quite changed if the run length is\nlarger than the confinement length: a self-assembled pump is formed. Particles\nlikewise confined in a narrow channel show a generic upstream flux in\nPoiseuille flow: chiral swimming is not required."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady-state distributions of probability fluxes on complex networks: The methodology based on the random walk processes is adapted and applied to\na comprehensive analysis of the statistical properties of the probability\nfluxes. To this aim we define a simple model of the Markovian stochastic\ndynamics on a complex network extended by the additional transition, called\nhereafter the gate. The random skips through the gate, driven by the external\nconstant force, violate the detailed balance in the network. We argue, using a\ntheoretical approach and numerical simulations, that the stationary\ndistributions of the probability fluxes emergent under such conditions\nconverge, regardless of the network topology, to the normal distribution. This\nresult, combined with the stationary fluctuation theorem, permits to show that\nits standard deviation depends directly on the square root of the average flux.\nIn turn, the central result of our paper relates this quantity to the external\nconstant force and the two parameters that entirely characterize the normal\ndistribution of the probability fluxes both close to as well as far from the\nequilibrium state. Also, the other effects that modify these parameters, such\nas the addition of shortcuts to the tree-like network, the extension and\nconfiguration of the gate and a change in the network size studied by means of\nthe computer simulations are widely discussed in terms of the rigorous\ntheoretical predictions.",
        "positive": "Vortices and the entrainment transition in the 2D Kuramoto model: We study synchronization in the two-dimensional lattice of coupled phase\noscillators with random intrinsic frequencies. When the coupling $K$ is larger\nthan a threshold $K_E$, there is a macroscopic cluster of\nfrequency-synchronized oscillators. We explain why the macroscopic cluster\ndisappears at $K_E$. We view the system in terms of vortices, since cluster\nboundaries are delineated by the motion of these topological defects. In the\nentrained phase ($K>K_E$), vortices move in fixed paths around clusters, while\nin the unentrained phase ($K<K_E$), vortices sometimes wander off. These\ndeviant vortices are responsible for the disappearance of the macroscopic\ncluster. The regularity of vortex motion is determined by whether clusters\nbehave as single effective oscillators. The unentrained phase is also\ncharacterized by time-dependent cluster structure and the presence of chaos.\nThus, the entrainment transition is actually an order-chaos transition. We\npresent an analytical argument for the scaling $K_E\\sim K_L$ for small\nlattices, where $K_L$ is the threshold for phase-locking. By also deriving the\nscaling $K_L\\sim\\log N$, we thus show that $K_E\\sim\\log N$ for small $N$, in\nagreement with numerics. In addition, we show how to use the linearized model\nto predict where vortices are generated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiscale Theory: Boltzmann kinetic equation is put into the form of an abstract time evolution\nequation representing links connecting autonomous mesoscopic dynamical theories\ninvolving varying amount of details. In the chronological order we present\nresults that led to the abstract time equation evolution in both state space\nand the space of vector fields. In the final section we list some open\nproblems.",
        "positive": "Universal Finite-Size Effects in the Two-Dimensional Asymmetric Coulomb\n  Gas on a Sphere: We consider an asymmetric version of a two-dimensional Coulomb gas, made up\nof two species of pointlike particles with positive $+1$ and negative -1/Q $(Q\n= 1, 2, ...)$ charges; Q=1 corresponds to the symmetric two-component plasma\nand the limiting case $Q\\to\\infty$ is related to the one-component plasma. The\nsystem lives on the surface of a sphere, and it is studied in both canonical\nand grand-canonical ensembles. By combining the method of stereographic\nprojection of the sphere onto an infinite plane with the technique of a\nrenormalized Mayer series expansion it is explicitly shown that the finite-size\nexpansions of the free energy and of the grand potential have the same\nuniversal term, independent of model's details. As a by-product, the collapse\ntemperature and the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition point (in the limit of a\nvanishing hard-core attached to particles) are conjectured for any value of\n$Q$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Influence of a spatial anisotropy on presence of the intermediate\n  one-half magnetization plateau of a spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg branched chain: A spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg branched chain constituted by regularly\nalternating Ising spins and Heisenberg dimers involving an additional side\nbranching is exactly solved in a magnetic field by the transfer-matrix method.\nThe spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg branched chain involves two different Ising and\none Heisenberg coupling constants. The overall ground-state phase diagram is\nformed by three different ground states emergent depending on a mutual\ninterplay between the magnetic field and three considered coupling constants:\nthe modulated quantum antiferromagnetic phase, the quantum ferrimagnetic phase,\nand the classical ferromagnetic phase. It is shown that the interaction\nanisotropy connected to two different Ising coupling constants substantially\ninfluences a breakdown of the intermediate one-half magnetization plateau,\nwhich represents a macroscopic manifestation of the quantum ferrimagnetic\nphase.",
        "positive": "Properties of a classical spin liquid: the Heisenberg pyrochlore\n  antiferromagnet: We study the low-temperature behaviour of the classical Heisenberg\nantiferromagnet with nearest neighbour interactions on the pyrochlore lattice.\nBecause of geometrical frustration, the ground state of this model has an\nextensive number of degrees of freedom. We show, by analysing the effects of\nsmall fluctuations around the ground-state manifold, and from the results of\nMonte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations, that the system is disordered\nat all temperatures, T, and has a finite relaxation time, which varies as 1/T\nfor small T."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lieb-Schultz-Mattis type theorem with higher-form symmetry and the\n  quantum dimer models: The Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem dictates that a trivial symmetric insulator\nin lattice models is prohibited if lattice translation symmetry and $U(1)$\ncharge conservation are both preserved. In this paper, we generalize the\nLieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem to systems with higher-form symmetries, which act\non extended objects of dimension $n > 0$. The prototypical lattice system with\nhigher-form symmetry is the pure abelian lattice gauge theory whose action\nconsists only of the field strength. We first construct the higher-form\ngeneralization of the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem with a proof. We then apply\nit to the $U(1)$ lattice gauge theory description of the quantum dimer model on\nbipartite lattices. Finally, using the continuum field theory description in\nthe vicinity of the Rokhsar-Kivelson point of the quantum dimer model, we\ndiagnose and compute the mixed 't Hooft anomaly corresponding to the\nhigher-form Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem.",
        "positive": "Entropy as a measure of diffusion: The time variation of entropy, as an alternative to the variance, is proposed\nas a measure of the diffusion rate. It is shown that for linear and\ntime-translationally invariant systems having a large-time limit for the\ndensity, at large times the entropy tends exponentially to a constant. For\nsystems with no stationary density, at large times the entropy is logarithmic\nwith a coefficient specifying the speed of the diffusion. As an example, the\nlarge time behaviors of the entropy and the variance are compared for various\ntypes of fractional-derivative diffusions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mechanism of the Cassie-Wenzel transition via the atomistic and\n  continuum string methods: The string method is a general and flexible strategy to compute the most\nprobable transition path for an activated process (rare event). We apply here\nthe atomistic string method in the density field to the Cassie-Wenzel\ntransition, a central problem in the field of superhydrophobicity. We discuss\nin detail the mechanism of wetting of a submerged hydrophobic cavity of\nnanometer size and its dependence on the geometry of the cavity. Furthermore,\nwe discuss the algorithmic analogies between the string method and CREaM\n[Giacomello et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 226102 (2012)], a method inspired by\nthe string that allows for a faster and simpler computation of the mechanism\nand of the free-energy profiles of the wetting process. This approach is\ngeneral and can be employed in mesoscale and macroscopic calculations.",
        "positive": "Field theory of absorbing phase transitions with a non-diffusive\n  conserved field: We investigate the critical behavior of a reaction-diffusion system\nexhibiting a continuous absorbing-state phase transition. The\nreaction-diffusion system strictly conserves the total density of particles,\nrepresented as a non-diffusive conserved field, and allows an infinite number\nof absorbing configurations. Numerical results show that it belongs to a wide\nuniversality class that also includes stochastic sandpile models. We derive\nmicroscopically the field theory representing this universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sensitivity to small perturbations in systems of large quantum spins: We investigate the sensitivity of nonintegrable large-spin quantum lattices\nto small perturbations with a particular focus on the time reversal experiments\nknown in statistical physics as \"Loschmidt echoes\" and in nuclear magnetic\nresonance (NMR) as \"magic echoes\". Our numerical simulations of quantum\nspin-$7\\frac{1}{2}$ clusters indicate that there is a regime, where Loschmidt\nechoes exhibit nearly exponential sensitivity to small perturbations with\ncharacteristic constant approximately equal to twice the value of the largest\nLyapunov exponent of the corresponding classical spin clusters. The above\ntheoretical results are verifiable by NMR experiments on solids containing\nlarge-spin nuclei.",
        "positive": "Probability density function of the unbalanced impulse in Langevin\n  theory of Brownian motion: This paper attempts to find a probability distribution for the white noise\n(rapidly fluctuating unbalanced force) in the Langevin Equation. Unbalanced\nforce is the resultant impulse provided to the brownian particle by the\ncolliding fluid molecules. Therefore, a probability distribution of the speed\nof the particles after each impact will have the same probability distribution\nof the white noise. Such a distribution is discovered in this work by\nconstructing a simple model based on thermal molecules colliding with the\nparticle from all directions. The molecules obey Maxwell-Boltzmann speed\ndistribution law. At low temperatures, for bigger brownian particles, existence\nof some non-random distribution for the unbalanced impulse, in itself is an\ninteresting result. The distribution takes a near half gaussian form at these\nlimits. At high temperatures, for small brownian particles(e.g: pollen grains),\nthe distribution is shown to approach uniform distribution, and hence\nconsistent with bulk of well established theoretical assumptions and\nexperimental results in the literature that claims the unbalanced force to be a\nrandom white noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Height variables in the Abelian sandpile model: scaling fields and\n  correlations: We compute the lattice 1-site probabilities, on the upper half-plane, of the\nfour height variables in the two-dimensional Abelian sandpile model. We find\ntheir exact scaling form when the insertion point is far from the boundary, and\nwhen the boundary is either open or closed. Comparing with the predictions of a\nlogarithmic conformal theory with central charge c=-2, we find a full\ncompatibility with the following field assignments: the heights 2, 3 and 4\nbehave like (an unusual realization of) the logarithmic partner of a primary\nfield with scaling dimension 2, the primary field itself being associated with\nthe height 1 variable. Finite size corrections are also computed and\nsuccessfully compared with numerical simulations. Relying on these field\nassignments, we formulate a conjecture for the scaling form of the lattice\n2-point correlations of the height variables on the plane, which remain as yet\nunknown. The way conformal invariance is realized in this system points to a\nlocal field theory with c=-2 which is different from the triplet theory.",
        "positive": "Similarity and self-similarity in random walk with fixed, random and\n  shrinking steps: In this article, we first give a comprehensive description of random walk\n(RW) problem focusing on self-similarity, dynamic scaling and its connection to\ndiffusion phenomena. One of the main goals of our work is to check how robust\nthe RW problem is under various different choices of the step size. We show\nthat RW with random step size or uniformly shrinking step size is exactly the\nsame as for RW with fixed step size. Krapivsky and Redner in 2004 showed that\nRW with geometric shrinking step size, such that the size of the $n$th step is\ngiven by $S_n=\\lambda^n$ with a fixed $\\lambda<1$ value, exhibits some\ninteresting features which are different from the RW with fixed step size.\nMotivated by this, we investigate what if $\\lambda$ is not a fixed number\nrather it depends on the step number $n$? To this end, we first generate $N$\nrandom numbers for RW of $t=N$ which are then arranged in a descending order so\nthat the size of the $n$th step is $\\lambda_n^n$. We have shown, both\nnumerically and analytically, that $\\lambda_n=(1-n/N)$, the root mean square\ndisplacement increases as $t^{1/4}$ which are different from all the known\nresults on RW problems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Length regulation of microtubules by molecular motors: Exact solution\n  and density profiles: In this work we study a microtubule (MT) model, whose length is regulated by\nthe action of processive kinesin motors. We treat the case of infinite\nprocessivity, i.e. particle exchange in the bulk is neglected. The exact\nresults can be obtained for model parameters which correspond to a finite\nlength of the MT. In contrast to the model with particle exchange we find that\nthe lengths of the MT are exponentially distributed in this parameter regime.\nThe remaining parameter space of the model, which corresponds to diverging MT\nlengths, is analyzed by means of extensive Monte Carlo simulations and a\nmacroscopic approach. For divergent MTs we find a complex structure of the\nphase diagram in terms of shapes of the density profile.",
        "positive": "Critical temperature and density of spin-flips in the anisotropic random\n  field Ising model: We present analytical results for the strongly anisotropic random field Ising\nmodel, consisting of weakly interacting spin chains. We combine the mean-field\ntreatment of interchain interactions with an analytical calculation of the\naverage chain free energy (``chain mean-field'' approach). The free energy is\nfound using a mapping on a Brownian motion model. We calculate the order\nparameter and give expressions for the critical random magnetic field strength\nbelow which the ground state exhibits long range order and for the critical\ntemperature as a function of the random magnetic field strength. In the limit\nof vanishing interchain interactions, we obtain corrections to the\nzero-temperature estimate by Imry and Ma [Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 1399 (1975)] of\nthe ground state density of domain walls (spin-flips) in the one-dimensional\nrandom field Ising model. One of the problems to which our model has direct\nrelevance is the lattice dimerization in disordered quasi-one-dimensional\nPeierls materials, such as the conjugated polymer trans-polyacetylene."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Threshold criterion for wetting at the triple point: Grand canonical simulations are used to calculate adsorption isotherms of\nvarious classical gases on alkali metal and Mg surfaces. Ab initio adsorption\npotentials and Lennard-Jones gas-gas interactions are used. Depending on the\nsystem, the resulting behavior can be nonwetting for all temperatures studied,\ncomplete wetting, or (in the intermediate case) exhibit a wetting transition.\nAn unusual variety of wetting transitions at the triple point is found in the\ncase of a specific adsorption potential of intermediate strength. The general\nthreshold for wetting near the triple point is found to be close to that\npredicted with a heuristic model of Cheng et al. This same conclusion was drawn\nin a recent experimental and simulation study of Ar on CO_2 by Mistura et al.\nThese results imply that a dimensionless wetting parameter w is useful for\npredicting whether wetting behavior is present at and above the triple\ntemperature. The nonwetting/wetting crossover value found here is w circa 3.3.",
        "positive": "Turbulent Effects on Fluid Flow through Disordered Porous Media: The influence of turbulent effects on a fluid flow through a (pseudo) porous\nmedia is studied by numerically solving the set of Reynolds-averaged\nNavier-Stokes equations with the $\\kappa$-$\\epsilon$ model for turbulence. The\nspatial domains are two-dimensional rectangular grids with different {\\it\nporosities} obtained by the random placing of rigid obstacles. The objective of\nthe simulations is to access the behavior of the generalized friction factor\nwith varying Reynolds number. A good agreement with the Forchheimer's equation\nis observed. The flow distribution at both low and high Reynolds conditions is\nalso analyzed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Susceptibility divergence, phase transition and multistability of a\n  highly turbulent closed flow: Using time-series of stereoscopic particle image velocimetry data, we study\nthe response of a turbulent von K\\'{a}rm\\'{a}n swirling flow to a continuous\nbreaking of its forcing symmetry. Experiments are carried over a wide Reynolds\nnumber range, from laminar regime at $Re = 10^{2}$ to highly turbulent regime\nnear $Re = 10^{6}$. We show that the flow symmetry can be quantitatively\ncharacterized by two scalars, the global angular momentum $I$ and the mixing\nlayer altitude $z_s$, which are shown to be statistically equivalent.\nFurthermore, we report that the flow response to small forcing dissymetry is\nlinear, with a slope depending on the Reynolds number: this response\ncoefficient increases non monotonically from small to large Reynolds number and\npresents a divergence at a critical Reynolds number $Re_c = 40\\,000 \\pm\n5\\,000$. This divergence coincides with a change in the statistical properties\nof the instantaneous flow symmetry $I(t)$: its pdf changes from Gaussian to\nnon-Gaussian with multiple maxima, revealing metastable non-symmetrical states.\nFor symmetric forcing, a peak of fluctuations of $I(t)$ is also observed at\n$Re_c$: these fluctuations correspond to time-intermittencies between\nmetastable states of the flow which, contrary to the very-long-time-averaged\nmean flow, spontaneously and dynamically break the system symmetry. We show\nthat these observations can be interpreted in terms of divergence of the\nsusceptibility to symmetry breaking, revealing the existence of a phase\ntransition. An analogy with the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition in\nsolid-state physics is presented and discussed.",
        "positive": "Dissipative Particle Dynamics with Energy Conservation: Dynamic and\n  Transport Properties: Simulation results of the thermal conductivity ${\\cal L}$ of Dissipative\nParticle Dynamics model with Energy Conservation (DPDE) are reported. We also\npresent an analysis of the transport equations and the transport coefficients\nfor DPDE based on a local equilibrium approximation. This approach is valid\nwhen the particle-particle thermal conductivity $\\lambda$ and the friction\ncoefficient $\\zeta$ are large. A qualitative derivation of the scaling form of\nthe kinetic contribution of the transport of energy is derived, yielding two\ndifferent forms for the kinetic contribution to the heat transport, depending\non the value of $\\lambda$. We find agreement between the theoretically\npredicted value for ${\\cal L}$ and the simulation results, for large $\\lambda$\nand many particles interacting at one time. Significant differences are found\nfor small number of interacting particles, even with large $\\lambda$. For\nsmaller values of $\\lambda$, the obtained macroscopic thermal conductivity is\ndominated by diffusive transport, in agreement with the proposed scaling form."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equivalence condition for the canonical and microcanonical ensembles in\n  coupled spin systems: It is typically assumed, without justification, that a weak coupling between\na system and a bath is a necessary condition for the equivalence of a canonical\nensemble and a microcanonical ensemble. For instance, in a canonical ensemble,\ntemperature emerges if the system and the bath are uncoupled or weakly coupled.\nWe investigate the validity region of this weak coupling approximation, using a\ncoupled composite-spin system. Our results show that the spin coupling strength\ncan be as large as the level spacing of the system, indicating that the weak\ncoupling approximation has a much wider region of validity than usually\nexpected.",
        "positive": "L\u00e9vy walks on lattices as multi-state processes: Continuous-time random walks combining diffusive scattering and ballistic\npropagation on lattices model a class of L\\'evy walks. The assumption that\ntransitions in the scattering phase occur with exponentially-distributed\nwaiting times leads to a description of the process in terms of multiple\nstates, whose distributions evolve according to a set of delay differential\nequations, amenable to analytic treatment. We obtain an exact expression of the\nmean squared displacement associated with such processes and discuss the\nemergence of asymptotic scaling laws in regimes of diffusive and superdiffusive\n(subballistic) transport, emphasizing, in the latter case, the effect of\ninitial conditions on the transport coefficients. Of particular interest is the\ncase of rare ballistic propagation, in which case a regime of superdiffusion\nmay lurk underneath one of normal diffusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Hydrodynamics in Spin Chains with Phase Space Methods: Connecting short time microscopic dynamics with long time hydrodynamics in\nstrongly correlated quantum systems is one of the outstanding questions. In\nparticular, it is very difficult to determine various hydrodynamic coefficients\nlike the diffusion constant or viscosity starting from a microscopic model:\nexact quantum simulations are limited to either small system sizes or to short\ntimes, which are insufficient to reach asymptotic behavior. In this Letter, we\nshow that these difficulties, at least for a particular model, can be\ncircumvented by using the cluster truncated Wigner approximation (CTWA), which\nmaps quantum Hamiltonian dynamics into classical Hamiltonian dynamics in\nauxiliary high-dimensional phase space. We apply CTWA to a XXZ\nnext-nearest-neighbor spin 1/2 chain and find behavior consisting of short time\nspin relaxation which gradually crosses over to emergent diffusive behavior at\nlong times. For a random initial state we show that CTWA correctly reproduces\nthe whole spin spectral function. Necessary in this construction is sampling\nfrom properly fluctuating initial conditions: the Dirac mean-field\n(variational) ansatz, which neglects such fluctuations, leads to incorrect\npredictions.",
        "positive": "Giant magnetocaloric effect, magnetization plateaux and jumps of the\n  regular Ising polyhedra: Magnetization process and adiabatic demagnetization of the antiferromagnetic\nIsing spin clusters with the shape of regular polyhedra (Platonic solids) are\nexactly examined within the framework of a simple graph-theoretical approach.\nWhile the Ising cube as the only unfrustrated (bipartite) spin cluster shows\njust one trivial plateau at zero magnetization, the other regular Ising\npolyhedra (tetrahedron, octahedron, icosahedron and dodecahedron) additionally\ndisplay either one or two intermediate plateaux at fractional values of the\nsaturation magnetization. The nature of highly degenerate ground states\nemergent at intermediate plateaux owing to a geometric frustration is\nclarified. It is evidenced that the regular Ising polyhedra exhibit a giant\nmagnetocaloric effect in a vicinity of magnetization jumps, whereas the Ising\noctahedron and dodecahedron belong to the most prominent geometrically\nfrustrated spin clusters that enable an efficient low-temperature refrigeration\nby the process of adiabatic demagnetization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergence of steady currents due to strong prethermalization: A steady current between baths is a manifestation of the prethermalization\nphenomenon, a quasi-equilibrium dynamical process with weak conserved quantity\nbreaking. We consider two finite nonintegrable many-body baths each following\nthe eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, and each prepared in a random product\nstate with fixed and different energy constraints, i.e., within the mean energy\nensemble. Such an initialization, not being constrained to superpositions or\nmixtures of many-body eigenstates, opens the door to experimental realization\nand also significantly simplifies numerical simulations. We show that such\ndynamical process is typical as the current variance decreases exponentially\nwith respect to the size of baths. We also demonstrate that the emerging\ncurrent is prethermalized in a strong sense, analogously to strong\nthermalization, meaning that the current values stay close to the\nmicrocanonical one for most of the time.",
        "positive": "Exponent Inequalities in Dynamical Systems: In this letter we derive exponent inequalities relating the dynamic exponent\n$z$ to the steady state exponent $\\Gamma$ for a general class of stochastically\ndriven dynamical systems. We begin by deriving a general exact inequality,\nrelating the response function and the correlation function, from which the\nvarious exponent inequalities emanate. We then distinguish between two classes\nof dynamical systems and obtain different and complementary inequalities\nrelating $z$ and $\\Gamma$. The consequences of those inequalities for a wide\nset of dynamical problems, including critical dynamics and\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang-like problems are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New phenomena beyond Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: It is known that in thermal systems of finite size that are subject to second\norder phase transitions and until the spontaneous symmetry breaking is\ncompleted, the fluctuations of the order parameter obey to the dynamics of\ncritical intermittency. Beyond the SSB, critical intermittency does not hold.\nThus, it is not expected that the distribution of the waiting times in the\norder parameter timeseries would hold any power law. However we reveal for the\nfirst time that right after the SSB, power laws still exist within a small zone\nof temperatures. These power laws emerge due to another form of intermittency\nthat determines the dynamics of the order parameter fluctuations in the\nbeginning of the tricritical crossover, without this crossover ever being\ncompleted in a first order phase transition. In the work pesented hereby, we\npresent and explain this change of the dynamics of the order parameter\nfluctuations, as the temperature drops under the temperature of the SSB.\nFinally, it is mentioned that such a phenomenon has been already observed in\npreseismic processes.",
        "positive": "Order-N Cluster Monte Carlo Method for Spin Systems with Long-range\n  Interactions: An efficient O(N) cluster Monte Carlo method for Ising models with long-range\ninteractions is presented. Our novel algorithm does not introduce any cutoff\nfor interaction range and thus it strictly fulfills the detailed balance. The\nrealized stochastic dynamics is equivalent to that of the conventional\nSwendsen-Wang algorithm, which requires O(N^2) operations per Monte Carlo sweep\nif applied to long-range interacting models. In addition, it is shown that the\ntotal energy and the specific heat can also be measured in O(N) time. We\ndemonstrate the efficiency of our algorithm over the conventional method and\nthe O(N log N) algorithm by Luijten and Bloete. We also apply our algorithm to\nthe classical and quantum Ising chains with inverse-square ferromagnetic\ninteractions, and confirm in a high accuracy that a Kosterlitz-Thouless phase\ntransition, associated with a universal jump in the magnetization, occurs in\nboth cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation of classical many-body hamiltonians in one dimension: The relaxation of Fourier modes of hamiltonian chains close to equilibrium is\nstudied in the framework of a simple mode-coupling theory. Explicit estimates\nof the dependence of relevant time scales on the energy density (or\ntemperature) and on the wavenumber of the initial excitation are given. They\nare in agreement with previous numerical findings on the approach to\nequilibrium and turn out to be also useful in the qualitative interpretation of\nthem. The theory is compared with molecular dynamics results in the case of the\nquartic Fermi-Pasta-Ulam potential.",
        "positive": "Finite-size and finite bond dimension effects of tensor network\n  renormalization: We propose a general procedure for extracting the running coupling constants\nof the underlying field theory of a given classical statistical model on a\ntwo-dimensional lattice, combining tensor network renormalization (TNR) and the\nfinite-size scaling theory of conformal field theory. By tracking the coupling\nconstants at each scale, we are able to visualize the renormalization group\n(RG) flow and demonstrate it with the classical Ising and 3-state Potts models.\nFurthermore, utilizing the new methodology, we reveal the limitations due to\nfinite bond dimension D on TNR applied to critical systems. We find that a\nfinite correlation length is imposed by the finite bond dimension in TNR, and\nit can be attributed to an emergent relevant perturbation that respects the\nsymmetries of the system. The correlation length shows the same power-law\ndependence on D as the \"finite entanglement scaling\" of the Matrix Product\nStates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological quantum phase transition in an extended Kitaev spin model: We study the quantum phase transition between Abelian and non-Abelian phases\nin an extended Kitaev spin model on the honeycomb lattice, where the periodic\nboundary condition is applied by placing the lattice on a torus. Our analytical\nresults show that this spin model exhibits a continuous quantum phase\ntransition. Also, we reveal the relationship between bipartite entanglement and\nthe ground-state energy. Our approach directly shows that both the entanglement\nand the ground-state energy can be used to characterize the topological quantum\nphase transition in the extended Kitaev spin model.",
        "positive": "Temperature response in nonequilibrium stochastic systems: The linear response to temperature changes is derived for systems with\noverdamped stochastic dynamics. Holding both in transient and steady state\nconditions, the results allow to compute nonequilibrium thermal\nsusceptibilities from unperturbed correlation functions. These correlations\ncontain a novel form of entropy flow due to temperature unbalances, next to the\nstandard entropy flow of stochastic energetics and to complementary\ntime-symmetric dynamical aspects. Our derivation hinges on a time rescaling,\nwhich is a key procedure for comparing apparently incommensurable path weights.\nAn interesting notion of thermal time emerges from this approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Defect production in quench from current-carrying non-equilibrium state: We consider the defect production of a quantum system, initially prepared in\na current-carrying non-equilibrium state, during its unitary driving through a\nquantum critical point. At low values of the initial current, the quantum\nKibble-Zurek scaling for the production of defects is recovered. However, at\nlarge values of the initial current, i.e., very far from an initial equilibrium\nsituation, a universal scaling of the defect production is obtained which shows\nan algebraic dependence with respect to the initial current value. These\nscaling predictions are demonstrated by the exactly solvable Ising quantum\nchain where the current-carrying state is selected through the imposition of a\nDzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction term.",
        "positive": "Singularities in d-dimensional Langevin equations with anisotropic\n  multiplicative noise and lack of self-adjointness in the corresponding\n  Schrodinger equation: In this paper we analyse d-dimensional Langevin equations in Ito\nrepresentation characterised by anisotropic multiplicative noise, composed by\nthe superposition of an isotropic tensorial component and a radial one, and a\nradial power law drift term. This class of model is relevant in many contexts\nranging from vortex stochastic dynamics, passive scalar transport in fully\ndeveloped turbulence and second order phase transitions from active to\nabsorbing states. The focus of the paper is the system behaviour around the\nsingularity at vanishing distance depending on the model parameters. This can\nvary from regular boundary to naturally repulsive or attractive ones. The work\ndevelops in the following steps: (i) introducing a mapping that disentangle the\nradial dynamics from the angular one, with the first characterised by additive\nnoise and either logarithmic or power law potential, and the second one being\nsimply a free isotropic Brownian motion on the unitary sphere surface; (ii)\napplying the Feller's - Van Kampen's classification of singularities for\ncontinuous Markov processes; (iii) developing an Exponent Hunter Method to find\nthe small distance scaling behaviour of the solutions; (iv) building a mapping\ninto a well studied Schrodinger equation with singular potential in order to\nbuild a bridge between Feller's theory of singular boundaries of a continuous\nMarkov process and the problem of self-adjointness of the Hamiltonian operator\nin quantum theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical characterization of the standard map: The standard map, paradigmatic conservative system in the $(x,p)$ phase\nspace, has been recently shown to exhibit interesting statistical behaviors\ndirectly related to the value of the standard map parameter $K$. A detailed\nnumerical description is achieved in the present paper. More precisely, for\nlarge values of $K$, the Lyapunov exponents are neatly positive over virtually\nthe entire phase space, and, consistently with Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistics,\nwe verify $q_{\\text{ent}}=q_{\\text{sen}}=q_{\\text{stat}}=q_{\\text{rel}}=1$,\nwhere $q_{\\text{ent}}$ is the $q$-index for which the nonadditive entropy $S_q\n\\equiv k \\frac{1-\\sum_{i=1}^W p_i^q}{q-1}$ (with $S_1=S_{BG} \\equiv\n-k\\sum_{i=1}^W p_i \\ln p_i$) grows linearly with time before achieving its\n$W$-dependent saturation value; $q_{\\text{sen}}$ characterizes the time\nincrease of the sensitivity $\\xi$ to the initial conditions, i.e., $\\xi \\sim\ne_{q_{\\text{sen}}}^{\\lambda_{q_{\\text{sen}}}\n\\,t}\\;(\\lambda_{q_{\\text{sen}}}>0)$, where $e_q^z \\equiv[1+(1-q)z]^{1/(1-q)}$;\n$q_{\\text{stat}}$ is the index associated with the $q_{\\text{stat}}$-Gaussian\ndistribution of the time average of successive iterations of the\n$x$-coordinate; finally, $q_{\\text{rel}}$ characterizes the\n$q_{\\text{rel}}$-exponential relaxation with time of the entropy\n$S_{q_{\\text{ent}}}$ towards its saturation value. In remarkable contrast, for\nsmall values of $K$, the Lyapunov exponents are virtually zero over the entire\nphase space, and, consistently with $q$-statistics, we verify\n$q_{\\text{ent}}=q_{\\text{sen}}=0$, $q_{\\text{stat}} \\simeq 1.935$, and\n$q_{\\text{rel}} \\simeq1.4$. The situation corresponding to intermediate values\nof $K$, where both stable orbits and a chaotic sea are present, is discussed as\nwell. The present results transparently illustrate when BG or $q$-statistical\nbehavior are observed.",
        "positive": "Simple Models of the Protein Folding Problem: The protein folding problem has attracted an increasing attention from\nphysicists. The problem has a flavor of statistical mechanics, but possesses\nthe most common feature of most biological problems -- the profound effects of\nevolution. I will give an introduction to the problem, and then focus on some\nrecent work concerning the so-called ``designability principle''. The\ndesignability of a structure is measured by the number of sequences that have\nthat structure as their unique ground state. Structures differ drastically in\nterms of their designability; highly designable structures emerge with a number\nof associated sequences much larger than the average. These highly designable\nstructures 1) possess ``proteinlike'' secondary structures and motifs, 2) are\nthermodynamically more stable, and 3) fold faster than other structures. These\nresults suggest that protein structures are selected in nature because they are\nreadily designed and stable against mutations, and that such selection\nsimultaneously leads to thermodynamic stability and foldability. According to\nthis picture, a key to the protein folding problem is to understand the\nemergence and the properties of the highly designable structures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarsening and persistence in a class of stochastic processes\n  interpolating between the Ising and voter models: We study the dynamics of a class of two dimensional stochastic processes,\ndepending on two parameters, which may be interpreted as two different\ntemperatures, respectively associated to interfacial and to bulk noise. Special\nlines in the plane of parameters correspond to the Ising model, voter model and\nmajority vote model. The dynamics of this class of models may be described\nformally in terms of reaction diffusion processes for a set of coalescing,\nannihilating, and branching random walkers. We use the freedom allowed by the\nspace of parameters to measure, by numerical simulations, the persistence\nprobability of a generic model in the low temperature phase, where the system\ncoarsens. This probability is found to decay at large times as a power law with\na seemingly constant exponent $\\theta\\approx 0.22$. We also discuss the\nconnection between persistence and the nature of the interfaces between\ndomains.",
        "positive": "Slow dynamics of the contact process on complex networks: The Contact Process has been studied on complex networks exhibiting different\nkinds of quenched disorder. Numerical evidence is found for Griffiths phases\nand other rare region effects, in Erd\\H os R\\'enyi networks, leading rather\ngenerically to anomalously slow (algebraic, logarithmic,...) relaxation. More\nsurprisingly, it turns out that Griffiths phases can also emerge in the absence\nof quenched disorder, as a consequence of sole topological heterogeneity in\nnetworks with finite topological dimension. In case of scale-free networks,\nexhibiting infinite topological dimension, slow dynamics can be observed on\ntree-like structures and a superimposed weight pattern. In the infinite size\nlimit the correlated subspaces of vertices seem to cause a smeared phase\ntransition. These results have a broad spectrum of implications for propagation\nphenomena and other dynamical process on networks and are relevant for the\nanalysis of both models and empirical data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conflict between trajectories and density description: the statistical\n  source of disagreement: We study an idealized version of intermittent process leading the\nfluctuations of a stochastic dichotomous variable $\\xi$. It consists of an\noverdamped and symmetric potential well with a cusp-like minimum. The\nright-hand and left-hand portions of the potential corresponds to $\\xi = W$ and\n$\\xi = -W$, respectively. When the particle reaches this minimum is injected\nback to a different and randomly chosen position, still within the potential\nwell. We build up the corresponding Frobenius-Perron equation and we evaluate\nthe correlation function of the stochastic variable $\\xi$, called\n$\\Phi_{\\xi}(t)$. We assign to the potential well a form yielding $\\Phi_{\\xi}(t)\n= (T/(t + T))^{\\beta}$, with $\\beta > 0$. We limit ourselves to considering\ncorrelation functions with an even number of times, indicated for concision, by\n$<12>$, $<1234>$ and, more, in general, by $<1 ... 2n>$. The adoption of a\ntreatment based on density yields $<1 ... 2n > = < 1 2 > ... < (2n-1) 2n>$. We\nstudy the same dynamic problem using trajectories, and we establish that the\nresulting two-time correlation function coincides with that afforded by the\ndensity picture, as it should. We then study the four-times correlation\nfunction and we prove that in the non-Poisson case it departs from the density\nprescription, namely, from $<1234 > = < 12 > < 34>$. We conclude that this is\nthe main reason why the two pictures yield two different diffusion processes,\nas noticed in an earlier work [M. Bologna, P. Grigolini, B.J. West, Chem. Phys.\n{\\bf 284}, (1-2) 115-128 (2002)].",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic formalism for systems with Markov dynamics: The thermodynamic formalism allows one to access the chaotic properties of\nequilibrium and out-of-equilibrium systems, by deriving those from a dynamical\npartition function. The definition that has been given for this partition\nfunction within the framework of discrete time Markov chains was not suitable\nfor continuous time Markov dynamics. Here we propose another interpretation of\nthe definition that allows us to apply the thermodynamic formalism to\ncontinuous time.\n  We also generalize the formalism --a dynamical Gibbs ensemble construction--\nto a whole family of observables and their associated large deviation\nfunctions. This allows us to make the connection between the thermodynamic\nformalism and the observable involved in the much-studied fluctuation theorem.\n  We illustrate our approach on various physical systems: random walks,\nexclusion processes, an Ising model and the contact process. In the latter\ncases, we identify a signature of the occurrence of dynamical phase\ntransitions. We show that this signature can already be unravelled using the\nsimplest dynamical ensemble one could define, based on the number of\nconfiguration changes a system has undergone over an asymptotically large time\nwindow."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Can the Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory be Quantized?: The Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory is an effective framework to describe\ntransports and their fluctuations in classical out-of-equilibrium diffusive\nsystems. Whether the Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory may be extended to the\nquantum realm and which form this extension may take is yet terra incognita but\nis a timely question. In this short introductory review, I discuss possible\nquestions that a quantum version of the Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory could\naddress and how analysing Quantum Simple Exclusion Processes yields pieces of\nanswers to these questions.",
        "positive": "Inverse Statistical Mechanics: Probing the Limitations of Isotropic Pair\n  Potentials to Produce Ground-State Structural Extremes: Inverse statistical-mechanical methods have recently been employed to design\noptimized short-ranged radial (isotropic) pair potentials that robustly produce\nnovel targeted classical ground-state many-particle configurations. The target\nstructures considered in those studies were low-coordinated crystals with a\nhigh degree of symmetry. In this paper, we further test the fundamental\nlimitations of radial pair potentials by targeting crystal structures with\nappreciably less symmetry, including those in which the particles have\ndifferent local structural environments. These challenging target\nconfigurations demanded that we modify previous inverse optimization\ntechniques. Using this modified optimization technique, we have designed\nshort-ranged radial pair potentials that stabilize the two-dimensional kagome\ncrystal, the rectangular kagome crystal, and rectangular lattices, as well as\nthe three-dimensional structure of CaF$_2$ crystal inhabited by a single\nparticle species. We verify our results by cooling liquid configurations to\nabsolute zero temperature via simulated annealing and ensuring that such states\nhave stable phonon spectra. Except for the rectangular kagome structure, all of\nthe target structures can be stabilized with monotonic repulsive potentials.\nOur work demonstrates that single-component systems with short-ranged radial\npair potentials can counterintuitively self-assemble into crystal ground states\nwith low symmetry and different local structural environments. Finally, we\npresent general principles that offer guidance in determining whether certain\ntarget structures can be achieved as ground states by radial pair potentials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Homogeneous nucleation of a non-critical phase near a continuous phase\n  transition: Homogeneous nucleation of a new phase near a second, continuous, transition,\nis considered. The continuous transition is in the metastable region associated\nwith the first-order phase transition, one of whose coexisting phases is\nnucleating. Mean-field calculations show that as the continuous transition is\napproached, the size of the nucleus varies as the response function of the\norder parameter of the continuous transition. This response function diverges\nat the continuous transition, as does the temperature derivative of the free\nenergy barrier to nucleation. This rapid drop of the barrier as the continuous\ntransition is approached means that the continuous transition acts to reduce\nthe barrier to nucleation at the first-order transition. This may be useful in\nthe crystallisation of globular proteins.",
        "positive": "Levy ratchets in the spatially tempered fractional Fokker-Planck\n  equation: L\\'evy ratchets are minimal models of fluctuation-driven transport in the\npresence of L\\'evy noise and periodic external potentials with broken spatial\nsymmetry. In these systems, a net ratchet current can appear even in the\nabsence of time dependent perturbations, external tilting forces, or a bias in\nthe noise. The majority of studies on the interaction of L\\'evy noise with\nexternal potentials have assumed $\\alpha$-stable L\\'evy statistics in the\nLangevin description, which in the continuum limit corresponds to the\nfractional Fokker-Planck equation. However, the divergence of the low order\nmoments is a potential drawback of $\\alpha$-stable distributions because, in\napplications, the moments represent physical quantities. For example, for\n$\\alpha <1$, the current $J$, in $\\alpha$-stable L\\'evy ratchets is unbounded.\nTo overcome this limitation, we study ratchet transport using truncated L\\'evy\ndistributions which in the continuum limit correspond to the spatially tempered\nfractional Fokker-Planck equation. The main object of study is the dependence\nof the ratchet current on the level of tempering, $\\lambda$. For $\\lambda \\neq\n0$, the statistics ultimately converges (although very slowly) to Gaussian\ndiffusion in the absence of a potential. However, it is shown here that in the\npresence of a ratchet potential a finite current persists asymptotically for\nany finite value of $\\lambda$. The current converges exponentially in time to\nthe steady state value. The steady state current exhibits algebraically decay,\n$J\\sim \\lambda^{-\\zeta}$, for $\\alpha \\geq 1.75$. However, for $\\alpha \\leq\n1.5$, the decay is exponential, $J \\sim e^{-\\xi \\lambda}$. In the presence of a\nbias in the L\\'evy noise, it is shown that the tempering can lead to a current\nreversal. A detailed numerical study is presented on the dependence of the\ncurrent on $\\lambda$ and the physical parameters of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Power spectra of TASEPs with a localized slow site: The totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) with a localized\ndefect is revisited in this article with attention paid to the power spectra of\nthe particle occupancy N(t). Intrigued by the oscillatory behaviors in the\npower spectra of an ordinary TASEP in high/low density phase(HD/LD) observed by\nAdams et al. (2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 020601), we introduce a single slow site\nwith hopping rate q<1 to the system. As the power spectrum contains\ntime-correlation information of the particle occupancy of the system, we are\nparticularly interested in how the defect affects fluctuation in particle\nnumber of the left and right subsystems as well as that of the entire system.\nExploiting Monte Carlo simulations, we observe the disappearance of\noscillations when the defect is located at the center of the system. When the\ndefect is off center, oscillations are restored. To explore the origin of such\nphenomenon, we use a linearized Langevin equation to calculate the power\nspectrum for the sublattices and the whole lattice. We provide insights into\nthe interactions between the sublattices coupled through the defect site for\nboth simulation and analytical results.",
        "positive": "Discrete Holomorphic Parafermions in the Eight Vertex Model: We show that holomorphic Parafermions exist in the eight vertex model. This\nis done by extending the definition from the six vertex model to the eight\nvertex model utilizing a parameter redefinition. These Parafermions exist on\nthe critical plane and integrable cases of the eight vertex model. We show that\nfor the case of staggered eight vertex model, these Parafermions correspond to\nthose of the Ashkin-Teller model. Furthermore, the loop representation of the\neight vertex model enabled us to show a connection with the O(n) model which is\nin agreement with the six vertex limit found as a special case of the O(n)\nmodel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "State-dependent driving: A route to non-equilibrium stationary states: We study three different experiments that involve dry friction and periodic\ndriving, and which employ both single and many-particle systems. These\nexperimental set-ups, besides providing a playground for investigation of\nfrictional effects, are relevant in broad areas of science and engineering.\nAcross all these experiments, we monitor the dynamics of objects placed on a\nsubstrate that is being moved in a horizontal manner. The driving couples to\nthe degrees of freedom of the substrate, and this coupling in turn influences\nthe motion of the objects. Our experimental findings suggest emergence of\nstationary-states with non-trivial features. We invoke a minimalistic\nphenomenological model to explain our experimental findings. Within our model,\nwe treat the injection of energy into the system to be dependent on its\ndynamical state, whereby energy injection is allowed only when the system is in\nits suitable-friction state. Our phenomenological model is built on the fact\nthat such a state-dependent driving results in a force that repeatedly toggles\nthe frictional states in time, and serves to explain our experimental findings.",
        "positive": "Thermalization of a particle with dissipative collisions: One considers the motion of a test particle in an homogeneous fluid in\nequilibrium at temperature $T$, undergoing dissipative collisions with the\nfluid particles. It is shown that the corresponding linear Boltzmann equation\nstill posseses a stationary Maxwellian velocity distribution, with an effective\ntemperature smaller than $T$. This effective temperature is explicitly given in\nterms of the restitution parameter and the masses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of a collisional quantum-dot machine: the role of stages: Sequential (or collisional) engines have been put forward as an alternative\ncandidate for the realisation of reliable engine setups. Despite this, the role\nof the different stages and the influence of the intermediate reservoirs is not\nwell understood. We introduce the idea of conveniently adjusting/choosing\nintermediate reservoirs at engine devices as a strategy for optimizing its\nperformance. This is done by considering a minimal model composed of a\nquantum-dot machine sequentially exposed to distinct reservoirs at each stage,\nand for which thermodynamic quantities (including power and efficiency) can be\nobtained exactly from the framework of stochastic thermodynamics, irrespective\nthe number of stages. Results show that a significant gain can be obtained by\nincreasing the number of stages and conveniently choosing their parameters.",
        "positive": "Finite temperature coherence of the ideal Bose gas in an optical lattice: In current experiments with cold quantum gases in periodic potentials,\ninterference fringe contrast is typically the easiest signal in which to look\nfor effects of non-trivial many-body dynamics. In order better to calibrate\nsuch measurements, we analyse the background effect of thermal decoherence as\nit occurs in the absence of dynamical interparticle interactions. We study the\neffect of optical lattice potentials, as experimentally applied, on the\ncondensed fraction of a non-interacting Bose gas in local thermal equilibrium\nat finite temperatures. We show that the experimentally observed decrease of\nthe condensate fraction in the presence of the lattice can be attributed, up to\na threshold lattice height, purely to ideal gas thermodynamics; conversely we\nconfirm that sharper decreases in first-order coherence observed in stronger\nlattices are indeed attributable to many-body physics. Our results also suggest\nthat the fringe visibility 'kinks' observed in F.Gerbier et al., Phys. Rev.\nLett. 95, 050404 (2005) may be explained in terms of the competition between\nincreasing lattice strength and increasing mean gas density, as the gaussian\nprofile of the red-detuned lattice lasers also increases the effective strength\nof the harmonic trap."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Selection of Crystal Chirality: Equilibrium or Nonequilibrium?: To study the solution growth of crystals composed of chiral organic\nmolecules, a spin-one Ising lattice gas model is proposed. The model turns out\nto be equivalent to the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model, which shows an equilibrium\nchiral symmetry breaking at low temperatures. The kinetic Monte Carlo\nsimulation of crystal growth, however, demonstrates that Ostwald ripening is a\nvery slow process with a characteristic time proportional to the system size:\nThe dynamics is nonergodic. It is then argued that by incorporating grinding\ndynamics, homochirality is achieved in a short time, independent of the system\nsize. Grinding limits cluster sizes to a certain range independent of system\nsize and at the same time keeps the supersaturation so high that population\nnumbers of average-sized clusters grow. If numbers of clusters for two types of\nenantiomers differ by chance, the difference is amplified exponentially and the\nsystem rapidly approaches the homochiral state. Relaxation time to the final\nhomochiral state is determined by the average cluster size. We conclude that\nthe system should be driven and kept in a nonequilibrium state to achieve\nhomochirality.",
        "positive": "On melting of Boltzmann system of quantum hard spheres: Melting of a quantum system of hard spheres has been considered in the case\nwhen the effects of Bose and Fermi statistics can be neglected. It has been\nfound that the quantum melting line always differs from the classical line with\nexception for T=0, P=0, where the both lines crossed. It is shown that the\nclassical limit is not reachable at any finite temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bond and site color-avoiding percolation in scale free networks: Recently the problem of classes of vulnerable vertices (represented by\ncolors) in complex networks has been discussed, where all vertices with the\nsame vulnerability are prone to fail together. Utilizing redundant paths each\navoiding one vulnerability (color), a robust color-avoiding connectivity is\npossible. However, many infrastructure networks show the problem of vulnerable\nclasses of \\textit{edges} instead of vertices. Here we formulate color-avoiding\npercolation for colored edges as well. Additionally, we allow for random\nfailures of vertices or edges. The interplay of random failures and possible\ncollective failures implies a rich phenomenology. A new form of critical\nbehavior is found for networks with a power law degree distribution independent\nof the number of the colors, but still dependent on existence of the colors and\ntherefore different from standard percolation. Our percolation framework fills\na gap between different multilayer network percolation scenarios.",
        "positive": "Analysis of the phase transition for the Ising model on the frustrated\n  square lattice: We analyze the phase transition of the frustrated $J_1$-$J_2$ Ising model\nwith antiferromagnetic nearest- and strong next-nearest neighbor interactions\non the square lattice. Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations we show that the\nnature of the phase transition for $1/2 < J_2/J_1 \\lesssim 1$ is not of the\nweakly universal type -- as commonly believed -- but we conclude from the\nclearly doubly peaked structure of the energy histograms that the transition is\nof weak first order. Motivated by these results, we analyze the phase\ntransitions via field-theoretic methods; i.e., we calculate the central charge\nof the underlying field theory via transfer-matrix techniques and present,\nfurthermore, a field-theoretic discussion on the phase-transition behavior of\nthe model. Starting from the conformally invariant fixed point of two decoupled\ncritical Ising models ($J_1 = 0$), we calculate the effect of the nearest\nneighbor coupling term perturbatively using operator product expansions. As an\neffective action we obtain the Ashkin-Teller model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bose-Einstein condensation in a one-dimensional interacting system due\n  to power-law trapping potentials: We examine the possibility of Bose-Einstein condensation in one-dimensional\ninteracting Bose gas subjected to confining potentials of the form $V_{\\rm\next}(x)=V_0(|x|/a)^\\gamma$, in which $\\gamma < 2$, by solving the\nGross-Pitaevskii equation within the semi-classical two-fluid model. The\ncondensate fraction, chemical potential, ground state energy, and specific heat\nof the system are calculated for various values of interaction strengths. Our\nresults show that a significant fraction of the particles is in the lowest\nenergy state for finite number of particles at low temperature indicating a\nphase transition for weakly interacting systems.",
        "positive": "Theoretical analysis of the double spin chain compound KCuCl_3: We investigate thermal and magnetic properties of the double spin chain\ncompound KCuCl_3 via an exactly solved ladder model with strong rung\ninteraction. Results from the analysis of the thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz\nequations suggests the critical field values H_{c1}=22.74T and H_{c2}=51.34T,\nin good agreement with the experimental observations. The temperature dependent\nmagnetic properties are directly evaluated from the exact free energy. Good\noverall agreement is seen between the theoretical and experimental\nsusceptibility curves. Our results suggest that this compound lies in the\nstrong dimerized phase with an energy gap $\\Delta \\approx 35$K at zero\ntemperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stretched exponential behavior and random walks on diluted hypercubic\n  lattices: Diffusion on a diluted hypercube has been proposed as a model for glassy\nrelaxation and is an example of the more general class of stochastic processes\non graphs. In this article we determine numerically through large scale\nsimulations the eigenvalue spectra for this stochastic process and calculate\nexplicitly the time evolution for the autocorrelation function and for the\nreturn probability, all at criticality, with hypercube dimensions $N$ up to\nN=28. We show that at long times both relaxation functions can be described by\nstretched exponentials with exponent 1/3 and a characteristic relaxation time\nwhich grows exponentially with dimension $N$. The numerical eigenvalue spectra\nare consistent with analytic predictions for a generic sparse network model.",
        "positive": "Non-perturbative Approach to Critical Dynamics: This paper is devoted to a non-perturbative renormalization group (NPRG)\nanalysis of Model A, which stands as a paradigm for the study of critical\ndynamics. The NPRG formalism has appeared as a valuable theoretical tool to\ninvestigate non-equilibrium critical phenomena, yet the simplest -- and\nnontrivial -- models for critical dynamics have never been studied using NPRG\ntechniques. In this paper we focus on Model A taking this opportunity to\nprovide a pedagological introduction to NPRG methods for dynamical problems in\nstatistical physics. The dynamical exponent $z$ is computed in $d=3$ and $d=2$\nand is found in close agreement with results from other methods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic growth of field-oriented chains in dipolar colloidal solutions: Experimental studies on the irreversible growth of field-induced chains of\ndipolar particles suggest an asymptotic power-law behavior of several relevant\nquantities. We introduce a Monte Carlo model of chain growth that explicitly\nincorporates the anisotropic diffusion characteristic of a rod-like object.\nAssuming a simple power-law form for the mean cluster size, $S(t) \\sim t^z$,\nthe results of our model are in good agreement with the experimental\nmeasurements of the dynamic exponent $z$. Nevertheless, an alternative\nscenario, including logarithmic corrections to the standard power-law behavior,\nprovides a better and more insightful interpretation of the anomalous dynamic\nexponent. In contrast to some experimental findings, we do not observe any\ndependence of the exponents on the volume fraction of particles $\\phi$.\nFinite-size effects are also explored by simulating very long time evolutions\nor highly concentrated systems. Two different behaviors are found, namely,\nsaturation and a crossover to a quasi one-dimensional regime.",
        "positive": "Double transitions, non-Ising criticality and critical absorbing phase\n  in an interacting monomer-dimer model on a square lattice:: We present a numerical study on an interacting monomer-dimer model with\nnearest neighbor repulsion on a square lattice, which possesses two symmetric\nabsorbing states. The model is observed to exhibit two nearby continuous\ntransitions: the $Z_2$ symmetry-breaking order-disorder transition and the\nabsorbing transition with directed percolation criticality. We find that the\nsymmetry-breaking transition shows a non-Ising critical behavior, and that the\nabsorbing phase becomes critical, in the sense that the critical decay of the\ndimer density observed at the absorbing transition persists even within the\nabsorbing phase. Our findings call for further studies on the microscopic\nmodels and corresponding continuum description belonging to the generalized\nvoter universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling theory for two-dimensional single domain growth driven by\n  attachment of diffusing adsorbates: Epitaxial growth methods are a key technology used in producing large-area\nthin films on substrates but as a result of various factors controlling growth\nprocesses the rational optimization of growth conditions is rather difficult.\nMathematical modeling is one approach used in studying the effects of\ncontrolling factors on domain growth. The present study is motivated by a\nrecently found scaling relation between the domain radius and time for chemical\nvapor deposition of graphene. Mathematically, we need to solve the Stefan\nproblem; when the boundary moves, its position should be determined separately\nfrom the boundary conditions needed to obtain the spatial profile of diffusing\nadsorbates. We derive a closed equation for the growth rate constant defined as\nthe domain area divided by the time duration. We obtain approximate analytical\nexpressions for the growth rate; the growth rate constant is expressed as a\nfunction of the two-dimensional diffusion constant and the rate constant for\nthe attachment of adsorbates to the solid domain. In experiments, the area is\ndecreased by stopping the source gas flow. The rate of decrease of the area is\nobtained from theory. The theoretical results presented provide a foundation to\nstudy controlling factors for domain growth.",
        "positive": "Scissors mode of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate: A scissors mode of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate is investigated both\ntheoretically and experimentally. The condensate is confined in an\naxi-symmetric harmonic trap, superimposed with a small rotating deformation.\nFor angular velocities larger than $\\omega_\\perp/\\sqrt2 $, where $\\omega_\\perp$\nis the radial trap frequency, the frequency of the scissors mode is predicted\nto vanish like the square root of the deformation, due to the tendency of the\nsystem to exhibit spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking. Measurements of the\nfrequency confirm the predictions of theory. Accompanying characteristic\noscillations of the internal shape of the condensate are also calculated and\nobserved experimentally."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-Dimensional Copolymers and Exact Conformal Multifractality: We consider in two dimensions the most general star-shaped copolymer, mixing\nrandom (RW) or self-avoiding walks (SAW) with specific interactions thereof.\nIts exact bulk or boundary conformal scaling dimensions in the plane are all\nderived from an algebraic structure existing on a random lattice (2D quantum\ngravity). The multifractal dimensions of the harmonic measure of a 2D RW or SAW\nare conformal dimensions of certain star copolymers, here calculated exactly as\nnon rational algebraic numbers. The associated multifractal function f(alpha)\nare found to be identical for a random walk or a SAW in 2D. These are the first\nexamples of exact conformal multifractality in two dimensions.",
        "positive": "Limiting free energy per particle for Ising Model by approximating its\n  functional integral: There have been a lot of methods aimed at studying the limiting free energy\nper particle (LFEPP) for 3D Ising model in absence of an external magnetic\nfield. These methods are elegant, but most of them are complicated and often\nrequire specialized knowledge and special skills. Here we approximate the LFEPP\nfor Ising model from its corresponding functional integral, in which only the\ngeneral knowledge of mathematical analysis, linear algebra and asymptotic\ncomputation is used. The resulting Ising LFEPP, which is expressed in terms of\nan integral including a special function, is exact asymptotically. From this\nintegral expression, we further get a simplified LFEPP, in which only one\nparameter needs to be determined. The simplified LFEPPs in two limiting cases\nfor 1D and 2D Ising model are consistent or formally consistent with those\nwell-known, respectively. Based on these consistences, we infer the LFEPPs for\n3D model in these special cases. Furthermore, we suggest similar LFEPPs for\n1D-3D Ising models with an external magnetic field, although they are too\ncomplicated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crumpled-to-tubule transition and shape transformations of a model of\n  self-avoiding spherical meshwork: This paper analyzes a new self-avoiding (SA) meshwork model using the\ncanonical Monte Carlo simulation technique on lattices that consist of\nconnection-fixed triangles. The Hamiltonian of this model includes a\nself-avoiding potential and a pressure term. The model identifies a\ncrumpled-to-tubule (CT) transition between the crumpled and tubular phases.\nThis is a second-order transition, which occurs when the pressure difference\nbetween the inner and outer sides of the surface is close to zero. We obtain\nthe Flory swelling exponents $\\nu_{{\\rm R}^2}(=\\!D_f/2)$ and $\\bar{\\nu}_{\\rm\nv}$ corresponding to the mean square radius of gyration $R_g^2$ and enclosed\nvolume $V$, where $D_f$ is the fractal dimension. The analysis shows that\n$\\bar{\\nu}_{\\rm v}$ at the transition is almost identical to the one of the\nsmooth phase of previously reported SA model which has no crumpled phase.",
        "positive": "Recovering the equivalence of ensembles II: An Ising chain with\n  competing short and long-range interactions: In a pioneer work, John Nagle has shown that an Ising chain with competing\nshort and long-range interactions displays second and first-order phase\ntransitions separated by a tricritical point. More recently, it has been\nclaimed that Nagle's model provides an example of the inequivalence between\ncanonical and microcanonical calculations. We then revisit Nagle's original\nsolution, as well as the usual formulation of the problem in a canonical\nensemble, which lead to the same results. Also, in contrast to recent claims,\nwe show that an alternative formulation in the microcanonical ensemble, with\nthe adequate choice of the fixed thermodynamic extensive variables, leads to\nequivalent thermodynamic results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bulk, surface and corner free energy series for the chromatic polynomial\n  on the square and triangular lattices: We present an efficient algorithm for computing the partition function of the\nq-colouring problem (chromatic polynomial) on regular two-dimensional lattice\nstrips. Our construction involves writing the transfer matrix as a product of\nsparse matrices, each of dimension ~ 3^m, where m is the number of lattice\nspacings across the strip. As a specific application, we obtain the large-q\nseries of the bulk, surface and corner free energies of the chromatic\npolynomial. This extends the existing series for the square lattice by 32\nterms, to order q^{-79}. On the triangular lattice, we verify Baxter's\nanalytical expression for the bulk free energy (to order q^{-40}), and we are\nable to conjecture exact product formulae for the surface and corner free\nenergies.",
        "positive": "Bound on the exponential growth rate of out-of-time-ordered correlators: It has been conjectured by Maldacena, Shenker, and Stanford [J. High Energy\nPhys.~08 (2016) 106] that the exponential growth rate of the\nout-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) $F(t)$ has a universal upper bound $2\\pi\nk_B T/\\hbar$. Here we introduce a one-parameter family of out-of-time-ordered\ncorrelators $F_\\gamma(t)$ ($0\\leq\\gamma\\leq 1$), which has as good properties\nas $F(t)$ as a regularization of the out-of-time-ordered part of the squared\ncommutator $\\langle [A(t), B(0)]^2\\rangle$ that diagnoses quantum many-body\nchaos, and coincides with $F(t)$ at $\\gamma=1/2$. We rigorously prove that if\n$F_\\gamma(t)$ shows a transient exponential growth for all $\\gamma$ in\n$0\\leq\\gamma\\leq 1$, that is, if the OTOC shows an exponential growth\nregardless of the choice of the regularization, then the growth rate $\\lambda$\ndoes not depend on the regularization parameter $\\gamma$, and satisfies the\ninequality $\\lambda\\leq 2\\pi k_B T/\\hbar$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size scaling at infinite-order phase transitions: For systems with infinite-order phase transitions, in which an order\nparameter smoothly becomes nonzero, a new observable for finite-size scaling\nanalysis is suggested. By construction this new observable has the favourable\nproperty of diverging at the critical point. Focussing on the example of the\nF-model we compare the analysis of this observable with that of another\nobservable, which is also derived from the order parameter but does not\ndiverge, as well as that of the associated susceptibility. We discuss the\ndifficulties that arise in the finite-size scaling analysis of such systems. In\nparticular we show that one may reach incorrect conclusions from large-system\nsize extrapolations of observables that are not known to diverge at the\ncritical point. Our work suggests that one should base finite-size scaling\nanalyses for infinite-order phase transitions only on observables that are\nguaranteed to diverge.",
        "positive": "Dynamic condensates in aggregation processes with mass injection: The Takayasu aggregation model is a paradigmatic model of aggregation with\nmass injection, known to exhibit a power law distribution of mass over a range\nwhich grows in time. Working in one dimension we find that the mass profile in\naddition shows distinctive {\\it dynamic condensates} which collectively hold a\nsubstantial portion of the mass (approximately $80\\%$ when injection and\ndiffusion rates are equal) and lead to a substantial hump in the scaled\ndistribution. To track these, we monitor the largest mass within a growing\ncoarsening length. An interesting outcome of extremal statistics is that the\nmean of the globally largest mass in a finite system grows as a power law in\ntime, modulated by strong multiplicative logarithms in both time and system\nsize. At very long times in a finite system, the state consists of a\npower-law-distributed background with a condensate whose mass increases\nlinearly with time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Existence of Quasi-stationary states at the Long Range threshold: In this paper the lifetime of quasi-stationary states (QSS) in the\n$\\alpha-$HMF model are investigated at the long range threshold ($\\alpha=1$).\nIt is found that QSS exist and have a diverging lifetime $\\tau(N)$ with system\nsize which scales as $\\mbox{\\ensuremath{\\tau}(N)\\ensuremath{\\sim}}\\log N$,\nwhich contrast to the exhibited power law for $\\alpha<1$ and the observed\nfinite lifetime for $\\alpha>1$. Another feature of the long range nature of the\nsystem beyond the threshold ($\\alpha>1$) namely a phase transition is displayed\nfor $\\alpha=1.5$. The definition of a long range system is as well discussed.",
        "positive": "Contact values of the radial distribution functions of additive\n  hard-sphere mixtures in d dimensions: A new proposal: The contact values $g_{ij}(\\sigma_{ij})$ of the radial distribution functions\nof a $d$-dimensional mixture of (additive) hard spheres are considered. A\n`universality' assumption is put forward, according to which\n$g_{ij}(\\sigma_{ij})=G(\\eta, z_{ij})$, where $G$ is a common function for all\nthe mixtures of the same dimensionality, regardless of the number of\ncomponents, $\\eta$ is the packing fraction of the mixture, and $z_{ij}$ is a\ndimensionless parameter that depends on the size distribution and the diameters\nof spheres $i$ and $j$. For $d=3$, this universality assumption holds for the\ncontact values of the Percus--Yevick approximation, the Scaled Particle Theory,\nand, consequently, the Boublik--Grundke--Henderson--Lee--Levesque\napproximation. Known exact consistency conditions are used to express\n$G(\\eta,0)$, $G(\\eta,1)$, and $G(\\eta,2)$ in terms of the radial distribution\nat contact of the one-component system. Two specific proposals consistent with\nthe above conditions (a quadratic form and a rational form) are made for the\n$z$-dependence of $G(\\eta,z)$. For one-dimensional systems, the proposals for\nthe contact values reduce to the exact result. Good agreement between the\npredictions of the proposals and available numerical results is found for\n$d=2$, 3, 4, and 5."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Activity induced first order transition for the current in a disordered\n  medium: It is well known that particles can get trapped by randomly placed obstacles\nwhen they are pushed too much. We present a model where the current in a\ndisordered medium dies at a large external field, but is reborn when the\nactivity is increased. By activity we mean the time-variation of the external\ndriving at a constant time-averaged field. A different interpretation of the\nresurgence of the current is that the particles are capable of taking an\ninfinite sequence of potential barriers via a mechanism similar to stochastic\nresonance. We add a discussion regarding the role of \"shaking\" in processes of\nrelaxation.",
        "positive": "Irreversibility resulting from contact with a heat bath caused by the\n  finiteness of the system: When a small dynamical system that is initially in contact with a heat bath\nis detached from this heat bath and then caused to undergo a quasi-static\nadiabatic processes, the statistical distribution of the system's energy\ndiffers from that of an equilibrium ensemble. Subsequent contact of the system\nwith another heat bath is inevitably irreversible, hence the entire process\ncannot be reversed without a net energy transfer to the heat baths."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size effects in one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensation of\n  photons: The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of photons has been realized in one- and\ntwo-dimensional systems. When considering the influence of finite-size effect,\nthe condensation in the one-dimensional fibre is of special interest since such\na condensation cannot occur in the thermodynamic limit due to the linear\ndispersion relation of photons. The finite-size effect must play a key role in\nthis system and needs a detailed description. However, the previous theoretical\nanalysis of finite-size effect is often not accurate enough and only gives the\nleading-order contribution due to a divergence difficulty. In this paper, by\nusing an analytical continuation method to overcome the divergence difficulty,\nwe give an analytical treatment for the finite-size effect in BEC. The\nanalytical expressions of the critical temperature or critical particle number\nwith higher order correction and the chemical potential below the transition\npoint are presented. Our result shows that in a recent experiment, the\ndeviation between experiment and theory is overestimated, most of which is\ncaused by the inaccurate theoretical treatment of the finite-size effect. By\ntaking into account the next-to-leading correction, we find that the actual\ndeviation is much smaller.",
        "positive": "Emergent structural correlations in dense liquids: The complete quantitative description of the structure of dense and\nsupercooled liquids remains a notoriously difficult problem in statistical\nphysics. Most studies to date focus solely on two-body structural correlations,\nand only a handful of papers have sought to consider additional three-body\ncorrelations. Here, we go beyond the state of the art by extracting many-body\nstatic structure factors from molecular dynamics simulations and by deriving\naccurate approximations up to the six-body structure factor via density\nfunctional theory. We find that supercooling manifestly increases four-body\ncorrelations, akin to the two- and three-body case. However, at small wave\nnumbers, we observe that the four-point structure of a liquid drastically\nchanges upon supercooling, both qualitatively and quantitatively, which is not\nthe case in two-point structural correlations. This indicates that theories of\nthe structure or dynamics of dense liquids should incorporate many-body\ncorrelations beyond the two-particle level to fully capture their intricate\nbehaviour."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium polarity-induced mechanism for chemotaxis: emergent\n  Galilean symmetry and exact scaling exponents: A generically observed mechanism that drives the self-organization of living\nsystems is interaction via chemical signals among the individual elements --\nwhich may represent cells, bacteria, or even enzymes. Here we propose a novel\nmechanism for such interactions, in the context of chemotaxis, which originates\nfrom the polarity of the particles and which generalizes the well-known\nKeller--Segel interaction term. We study the resulting large-scale dynamical\nproperties of a system of such chemotactic particles using the exact stochastic\nformulation of Dean and Kawasaki along with dynamical renormalization group\nanalysis of the critical state of the system. At this critical point, an\nemergent \"Galilean\" symmetry is identified, which allows us to obtain the\ndynamical scaling exponents exactly; these exponents reveal superdiffusive\ndensity fluctuations and non-Poissonian number fluctuations. We expect our\nresults to shed light on how molecular regulation of chemotactic circuits can\ndetermine large-scale behavior of cell colonies and tissues.",
        "positive": "Critical Q=1 Potts Model and Temperley-Lieb Stochastic Processes: We consider the groundstate wave function and spectra of the $L$-site XXZ\n$U_q[s\\ell(2)]$ invariant quantum spin chain with $q=\\exp(\\pi i/3)$. This chain\nis related to the critical Q=1 Potts model and exhibits $c=0$ conformal\ninvariance. We show that the problem is related to Hamiltonians describing\none-dimensional stochastic processes defined on a Temperley-Lieb algebra. The\nbra groundstate wave function is trivial and the ket groundstate wave function\ngives the probabilty distribution of the stationary state. The stochastic\nprocesses can be understood as interface RSOS growth models with nonlocal\nrates. Allowing defects which can hop on the interface one obtains stochastic\nmodels having the same stationary state and spectra (but not degeracies) as the\nXXZ chain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonadiabaticity in spin pumping under relaxation: Using a minimum model consisting of a magnetic quantum dot and an electron\nlead, we investigate spin pumping by its precessing magnetization. Focusing on\nthe \"adiabaticity\", which is quantified using a comparison between the\nfrequency of precession and the relaxation rate of the relevant system, we\ninvestigate the role of nonadiabaticity in spin pumping by obtaining the\ndependence of the spin current generated on the frequency of precession using\nfull counting statistics. This evaluation shows that the steady-state\npopulation of the quantum dot remains unchanged by the precession owing to the\nrotational symmetry about the axis of precession. This implies that in the\nadiabatic limit the spin current is absent and that spin pumping is entirely a\nnonadiabatic effect. We also find that the nonadiabatic spin current depends\nlinearly on the frequency in the low-frequency regime and exhibits an\noscillation in the high-frequency regime. The oscillation points to an\nenhancement of spin pumping by tuning the frequency of precession.",
        "positive": "Fractal kinetics versus fractional derivative kinetics: This study presents a detailed comparison of the two most popular fractal\ntheories used in the field of kinetics sorption of pollutants in porous\nmaterials: the Brouers-Sotolongo model family of kinetics based on the BurrXII\nstatistical distribution and the fractional kinetics based on the\nRiemann-Liouville fractional derivative theory. Using the experimental kinetics\ndata of several studies published recently, it can be concluded that, although\nthese two models both yield very similar results, the Brouers-Sotolongo model\nis easier to use due to its simpler formal expression and because it enjoys all\nthe properties of a well-known family of distribution functions. We use the\nopportunity of this study to comment on the information, in particular, the\nsorption strength, the half-life time, and the time dependent rate, which can\nbe drawn from a complete analysis of measured kinetics using a fractal model.\nThis is of importance to characterize and classify sorbent-sorbate couples for\npractical applications. Finally, a generalization form of the Brouers-Sotolongo\nequation is presented by introducing a time dependent fractal exponent. This\nimprovement, which has a physical meaning, is necessary in some cases to obtain\na good fit of the experimental data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Determination of the friction coefficient of a Brownian particle by\n  molecular-dynamics simulation: By using the Kirkwood formula, the friction coefficient of a solvated\nBrownian particle is determined from the integration on time of the\nautocorrelation function of the force that the solvent exerts on this particle.\nExtensive molecular dynamics simulations show that above a definite size of the\nstudied systems the value of the integral defining the friction coefficient\ngoes to a quasi constant value (a plateau) when the upper bound on time\nincreases. The minimal value of the system size where the integral exhibits\nthis asymptotic behavior, rises with the Brownian particle size. From the\nplateau, a reliable estimate of the friction coefficient is obtained.",
        "positive": "Spatio-temporal Correlations in the Manna Model in one, three and five\n  dimensions: Although the paradigm of criticality is centred around spatial correlations\nand their anomalous scaling, not many studies of Self-Organised Criticality\n(SOC) focus on spatial correlations. Often, integrated observables, such as\navalanche size and duration, are used, not least as to avoid complications due\nto the unavoidable lack of translational invariance. The present work is a\nsurvey of spatio-temporal correlation functions in the Manna Model of SOC,\nmeasured numerically in detail in d=1,3 and 5 dimensions and compared to\ntheoretical results, in particular relating them to \"integrated\" observables\nsuch as avalanche size and duration scaling, that measure them indirectly.\nContrary to the notion held by some of SOC models organising into a critical\nstate by re-arranging their spatial structure avalanche by avalanche, which may\nbe expected to result in large, non-trivial, system-spanning spatial\ncorrelations in the quiescent state (between avalanches), correlations of\ninactive particles in the quiescent state have a small amplitude that does not\nincrease with the system size, although they display (noisy) power law scaling\nover a range linear in the system size. Self-organisation, however, does take\nplace as the (one-point) density of inactive particles organises into a\nparticular profile that is asymptotically independent of the driving location,\nalso demonstrated analytically in one dimension. Activity and its correlations,\non the other hand, display non-trivial long-ranged spatio-temporal scaling with\nexponents that can be related to established results, in particular avalanche\nsize and duration exponents. The correlation length and amplitude are set by\nthe system size (confirmed analytically for some observables), as expected in\nsystems displaying finite size scaling. In one dimension, we find some\nsurprising inconsistencies of the dynamical exponent. A (spatially extended)\nmean ..."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Perturbation propagation in random and evolved Boolean networks: We investigate the propagation of perturbations in Boolean networks by\nevaluating the Derrida plot and modifications of it. We show that even small\nRandom Boolean Networks agree well with the predictions of the annealed\napproximation, but non-random networks show a very different behaviour. We\nfocus on networks that were evolved for high dynamical robustness. The most\nimportant conclusion is that the simple distinction between frozen, critical\nand chaotic networks is no longer useful, since such evolved networks can\ndisplay properties of all three types of networks. Furthermore, we evaluate a\nsimplified empirical network and show how its specific state space properties\nare reflected in the modified Derrida plots.",
        "positive": "Modified Stokes-Einstein Relation for Small Brownian Particles: The Stokes-Einstein (SE) relation has been widely applied to quantitatively\ndescribe the Brownian motion. Notwithstanding, here we show that even for a\nsimple fluid, the SE relation may not be completely applicable. Namely,\nalthough the SE relation could be a good approximation for a large enough\nBrownian particle, we find that it induces significant error for a smaller\nBrownian particle, and the error increases with the decrease of the Brownian\nparticle's size, till the SE relation fails completely when the size of\nBrownian particle is comparable with that of a fluid molecule. The cause is\nrooted in the fact that the kinetic and the hydrodynamic effects depend on the\nsize of the Brownian particle differently. By excluding the kinetic\ncontribution to the diffusion coefficient, we propose a revised Stokes-Einstein\nrelation and show that it expands significantly the applicable range."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectra, Pseudospectra, and Localization for Random Bidiagonal Matrices: There has been much recent interest, initiated by work of the physicists\nHatano and Nelson, in the eigenvalues of certain random non-Hermitian periodic\ntridiagonal matrices and their bidiagonal limits. These eigenvalues cluster\nalong a \"bubble with wings\" in the complex plane, and the corresponding\neigenvectors are localized in the wings, delocalized in the bubble. Here, in\naddition to eigenvalues, pseudospectra are analyzed, making it possible to\ntreat the non-periodic analogues of these random matrix problems. Inside the\nbubble, the resolvent norm grows exponentially with the dimension. Outside, it\ngrows subexponentially in a bounded region that is the spectrum of the\ninfinite-dimensional operator. Localization and delocalization correspond to\nresolvent matrices whose entries exponentially decrease or increase,\nrespectively, with distance from the diagonal. This article presents theorems\nthat characterize the spectra, pseudospectra, and numerical range for the four\ncases of finite bidiagonal matrices, infinite bidiagonal matrices (\"stochastic\nToeplitz operators\"), finite periodic matrices, and doubly infinite bidiagonal\nmatrices (\"stochastic Laurent operators\").",
        "positive": "Asymmetric Primitive-Model Electrolytes: Debye-Huckel Theory,\n  Criticality and Energy Bounds: Debye-Huckel (DH) theory is extended to treat two-component size- and\ncharge-asymmetric primitive models, focussing primarily on the 1:1 additive\nhard-sphere electrolyte with, say, negative ion diameters, a--, larger than the\npositive ion diameters, a++. The treatment highlights the crucial importance of\nthe charge-unbalanced ``border zones'' around each ion into which other ions of\nonly one species may penetrate. Extensions of the DH approach which describe\nthe border zones in a physically reasonable way are exact at high $T$ and low\ndensity, $\\rho$, and, furthermore, are also in substantial agreement with\nrecent simulation predictions for \\emph{trends} in the critical parameters,\n$T_c$ and $\\rho_c$, with increasing size asymmetry. Conversely, the simplest\nlinear asymmetric DH description, which fails to account for physically\nexpected behavior in the border zones at low $T$, can violate a new lower bound\non the energy (which applies generally to models asymmetric in both charge and\nsize). Other recent theories, including those based on the mean spherical\napproximation, have predicted trends in the critical parameters quite opposite\nto those established by the simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local and Non-local Fractional Porous Media Equations: Recently it was observed that the probability distribution of the price\nreturn in S\\&P500 can be modeled by $q$-Gaussian distributions, where various\nphases (weak, strong super diffusion and normal diffusion) are separated by\ndifferent fitting parameters (Phys Rev. E 99, 062313, 2019). Here we analyze\nthe fractional extensions of the porous media equation and show that all of\nthem admit solutions in terms of generalized $q$-Gaussian functions. Three\nkinds of \"fractionalization\" are considered: \\textit{local}, referring to the\nsituation where the fractional derivatives for both space and time are local;\n\\textit{non-local}, where both space and time fractional derivatives are\nnon-local; and \\textit{mixed}, where one derivative is local, and another is\nnon-local. Although, for the \\textit{local} and \\textit{non-local} cases we\nfind $q$-Gaussian solutions , they differ in the number of free parameters.\nThis makes differences to the quality of fitting to the real data. We test the\nresults for the S\\&P 500 price return and found that the local and non-local\nschemes fit the data better than the classic porous media equation.",
        "positive": "Kinetic theory of long-range interacting systems with angle-action\n  variables and collective effects: We develop a kinetic theory of systems with long-range interactions taking\ncollective effects and spatial inhomogeneity into account. Starting from the\nKlimontovich equation and using a quasilinear approximation, we derive a\nLenard-Balescu-type kinetic equation written in angle-action variables. We\nconfirm the result obtained by Heyvaerts [Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. {\\bf 407},\n355 (2010)] who started from the Liouville equation and used the BBGKY\nhierarchy truncated at the level of the two-body distribution function. When\ncollective effects are neglected, we recover the Landau-type kinetic equation\nobtained in our previous papers [P.H. Chavanis, Physica A {\\bf 377}, 469\n(2007); J. Stat. Mech., P05019 (2010)]. We also consider the relaxation of a\ntest particle in a bath of field particles. Its stochastic motion is described\nby a Fokker-Planck equation written in angle-action variables. We determine the\ndiffusion tensor and the friction force by explicitly calculating the first and\nsecond order moments of the increment of action of the test particle from its\nequations of motion, taking collective effects into account. This generalizes\nthe expressions obtained in our previous works. We discuss the scaling with $N$\nof the relaxation time for the system as a whole and for a test particle in a\nbath."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical fragmentation properties of random drilling: How many random\n  holes need to be drilled to collapse a wooden cube?: A solid wooden cube fragments into pieces as we sequentially drill holes\nthrough it randomly. This seemingly straightforward observation encompasses\ndeep and nontrivial geometrical and probabilistic behavior that is discussed\nhere. Combining numerical simulations and rigorous results, we find\noff-critical scale-free behavior and a continuous transition at a critical\ndensity of holes that significantly differs from classical percolation.",
        "positive": "Fractal Behavior of the Shortest Path Between Two Lines in Percolation\n  Systems: Using Monte-Carlo simulations, we determine the scaling form for the\nprobability distribution of the shortest path, $\\ell$, between two lines in a\n3-dimensional percolation system at criticality; the two lines can have\narbitrary positions, orientations and lengths. We find that the probability\ndistributions can exhibit up to four distinct power law regimes (separated by\ncross-over regimes) with exponents depending on the relative orientations of\nthe lines. We explain this rich fractal behavior with scaling arguments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adiabatic perturbation theory: from Landau-Zener problem to quenching\n  through a quantum critical point: We discuss the application of the adiabatic perturbation theory to analyze\nthe dynamics in various systems in the limit of slow parametric changes of the\nHamiltonian. We first consider a two-level system and give an elementary\nderivation of the asymptotics of the transition probability when the tuning\nparameter slowly changes in the finite range. Then we apply this perturbation\ntheory to many-particle systems with low energy spectrum characterized by\nquasiparticle excitations. Within this approach we derive the scaling of\nvarious quantities such as the density of generated defects, entropy and\nenergy. We discuss the applications of this approach to a specific situation\nwhere the system crosses a quantum critical point. We also show the connection\nbetween adiabatic and sudden quenches near a quantum phase transitions and\ndiscuss the effects of quasiparticle statistics on slow and sudden quenches at\nfinite temperatures.",
        "positive": "Interaction of a granular stream with an obstacle: We investigate numerically the interaction of a stream of granular particles\nwith a resting obstacle in two dimensions. For the case of high stream velocity\nwe find that the force acting on the obstacle is proportional to the square of\nthe stream velocity, the density and the obstacle size. This behavior is\nequivalent to that of non- interacting hard spheres. For low stream velocity\nthere appears a gap in between the obstacle and the incoming stream particles\nwhich is filled with granular gas of high temperature and low density. As soon\nas the gap appears the force does not depend on the square of velocity of the\nstream but the dependency obeys another law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Periodicity-dependent stiffness of periodic hydrophilic-hydrophobic\n  hetero-polymers: From extensive Monte Carlo simulations of a Larson model of perfectly\nperiodic heteropolymers (PHP) in water a striking stiffening is observed as the\nperiod of the alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks is shortened. At\nshort period and low temperature needle-like conformations are the stable\nconformation. As temperature is increased thermal fluctuations induce kinks and\nbends. At large periods compact oligomeric globules are observed. From the\ngeneralized Larson prescription, originally developed for modelling surfactant\nmolecules in aqueous solutions, we find that the shorter is the period the more\nstretched is the PHP. This novel effect is expected to stimulate polymer\nsynthesis and trigger research on the rheology of aqueous periodic\nheteropolymer solutions.",
        "positive": "Echo chambers in the Ising model and implications on the mean\n  magnetization: The echo-chamber effect is a common term in opinion dynamic modeling to\ndescribe how a person's opinion might be artificially enhanced as it is\nreflected back at her through social interactions. Here, we study the existence\nof this effect in statistical mechanics models, which are commonly used to\nstudy opinion dynamics. We show that the Ising model does not exhibit\necho-chambers, but this result is a consequence of a special symmetry. We then\ndistinguish between three types of models: (i) those with a strong echo-chamber\nsymmetry, that have no echo-chambers at all; (ii) those with a weak\necho-chamber symmetry that can exhibit echo-chambers but only if there are\nexternal fields in the system, and (iii) models without echo-chamber symmetry\nthat generically have echo-chambers. We use these results to construct an\nefficient algorithm to efficiently and precisely calculate magnetization in\narbitrary tree networks. Finally, We apply this algorithm to study two systems:\nphase transitions in the random field Ising model on a Bethe lattice and the\ninfluence optimization problem in social networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mapping between dissipative and Hamiltonian systems: Theoretical studies of nonequilibrium systems are complicated by the lack of\na general framework. In this work we first show that a transformation\nintroduced by Ao recently (J. Phys. A {\\bf 37}, L25 (2004)) is related to\nprevious works of Graham (Z. Physik B {\\bf 26}, 397 (1977)) and Eyink {\\it et\nal.} (J. Stat. Phys. {\\bf 83}, 385 (1996)), which can also be viewed as the\ngeneralized application of the Helmholtz theorem in vector calculus. We then\nshow that systems described by ordinary stochastic differential equations with\nwhite noise can be mapped to thermostated Hamiltonian systems. A steady-state\nof a dissipative system corresponds to the equilibrium state of the\ncorresponding Hamiltonian system. These results provides a solid theoretical\nground for corresponding studies on nonequilibrium dynamics, especially on\nnonequilibrium steady state. The mapping permits the application of established\ntechniques and results for Hamiltonian systems to dissipative non-Hamiltonian\nsystems, those for thermodynamic equilibrium states to nonequilibrium steady\nstates. We discuss several implications of the present work.",
        "positive": "\"Lifshitz tails\" and extended states in an Imaginary random potential: Non-Hermitean operators may appear during the calculation of a partition\nfunction in various models of statistical mechanics. The tail eigen-states,\nhaving anomalously small real part of energy $Re(\\eps)$, became naturally\nimportant in this case. We consider the distribution of such states and the\nform of eigenfunctions for the particle propagating in an imaginary random\npotential (the model motivated by the statistics of polymer chains). Unlike it\nis in the Hermitean quantum mechanics, our tail states are sufficiently\nextended. Such state appear if the values of random potential turns out to be\nanomalously close inside the large area. Results of numerical simulations in\nthe case of strong coupling confirm the analytic estimates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlations in an expanding gas of hard-core bosons: We consider a longitudinal expansion of a one-dimensional gas of hard-core\nbosons suddenly released from a trap. We show that the broken translational\ninvariance in the initial state of the system is encoded in correlations\nbetween the bosonic occupation numbers in the momentum space. The correlations\nare protected by the integrability and exhibit no relaxation during the\nexpansion.",
        "positive": "Arrival time distribution for a driven system containing quenched\n  dichotomous disorder: We study the arrival time distribution of overdamped particles driven by a\nconstant force in a piecewise linear random potential which generates the\ndichotomous random force. Our approach is based on the path integral\nrepresentation of the probability density of the arrival time. We explicitly\ncalculate the path integral for a special case of dichotomous disorder and use\nthe corresponding characteristic function to derive prominent properties of the\narrival time probability density. Specifically, we establish the scaling\nproperties of the central moments, analyze the behavior of the probability\ndensity for short, long, and intermediate distances. In order to quantify the\ndeviation of the arrival time distribution from a Gaussian shape, we evaluate\nthe skewness and the kurtosis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum many-body dynamics in a Lagrangian frame: I. Equations of motion\n  and conservation laws: We formulate equations of motion and conservation laws for a quantum\nmany-body system in a co-moving Lagrangian reference frame. It is shown that\ngeneralized inertia forces in the co-moving frame are described by Green's\ndeformation tensor $g_{\\mu\\nu}(\\bm\\xi,t)$ and a skew-symmetric vorticity tensor\n$\\widetilde{F}_{\\mu\\nu}(\\bm\\xi,t)$, where $\\bm\\xi$ in the Lagrangian\ncoordinate. Equations of motion are equivalent to those for a quantum many-body\nsystem in a space with time-dependent metric $g_{\\mu\\nu}(\\bm\\xi,t)$ in the\npresence of an effective magnetic field $\\widetilde{F}_{\\mu\\nu}(\\bm\\xi,t)$. To\nillustrate the general formalism we apply it to the proof of the harmonic\npotential theorem. As another example of application we consider a fast long\nwavelength dynamics of a Fermi system in the dynamic Hartree approximation. In\nthis case the kinetic equation in the Lagrangian frame can be solved\nexplicitly. This allows us to formulate the description of a Fermi gas in terms\nof an effective nonlinear elasticity theory. We also discuss a relation of our\nresults to time-dependent density functional theory.",
        "positive": "q-Gamow States for intermediate energies: In a recent paper [Nuc. Phys. A {\\bf 948}, (2016) 19] we have demonstrated\nthe possible existence of Tsallis' q-Gamow states. Now, accelerators'\nexperimental evidence for Tsallis' distributions has been ascertained only at\nvery high energies. Here, instead, we develop a different set of q-Gamow states\nfor which the associated q-Breit-Wigner distribution could easily be found at\nintermediate energies, for which accelerators are available at many locations.\nIn this context, it should be strongly emphasized [Physica A {\\bf 388} (2009)\n601] that, empirically, one never exactly and unambiguously \"detects\" pure\nGaussians, but rather q-Gaussians. A prediction is made via Eq.(3.30)"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The two dimensional XY model at the transition temperature: A high\n  precision Monte Carlo study: We study the classical XY (plane rotator) model at the Kosterlitz-Thouless\nphase transition. We simulate the model using the single cluster algorithm on\nsquare lattices of a linear size up to L=2048.We derive the finite size\nbehaviour of the second moment correlation length over the lattice size\nxi_{2nd}/L at the transition temperature. This new prediction and the analogous\none for the helicity modulus are confronted with our Monte Carlo data. This way\nbeta_{KT}=1.1199 is confirmed as inverse transition temperature. Finally we\naddress the puzzle of logarithmic corrections of the magnetic susceptibility\nchi at the transition temperature.",
        "positive": "The Effect of Shear on Phase-Ordering Dynamics with\n  Order-Parameter-Dependent Mobility: The Large-n Limit: The effect of shear on the ordering-kinetics of a conserved order-parameter\nsystem with O(n) symmetry and order-parameter-dependent mobility\n\\Gamma({\\vec\\phi}) \\propto (1- {\\vec\\phi} ^2/n)^\\alpha is studied analytically\nwithin the large-n limit. In the late stage, the structure factor becomes\nanisotropic and exhibits multiscaling behavior with characteristic length\nscales (t^{2\\alpha+5}/\\ln t)^{1/2(\\alpha+2)} in the flow direction and (t/\\ln\nt)^{1/2(\\alpha+2)} in directions perpendicular to the flow. As in the \\alpha=0\ncase, the structure factor in the shear-flow plane has two parallel ridges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Study of Low Temperature Magnetic Properties of a Single Chain Magnet\n  With Alternate Isotropic and Non-Collinear Anisotropic Units: Here we study thermodynamic properties of an important class of single-chain\nmagnets (SCMs), where alternate units are isotropic and anisotropic with\nanisotropy axes being non-collinear. This class of SCMs shows slow relaxation\nat low temperatures which results from the interplay of two different\nrelaxation mechanisms, namely dynamical and thermal. Here anisotropy is assumed\nto be large and negative, as a result, anisotropic units behave like canted\nspins at low temperatures; but even then simple Ising-type model does not\ncapture the essential physics of the system due to quantum mechanical nature of\nthe isotropic units. We here show how statistical behavior of this class of\nSCMs can be studied using a transfer matrix (TM) method. We also, for the first\ntime, discuss in detail how weak inter-chain interactions can be treated by a\nTM method. The finite size effect is also discussed which becomes important for\nlow temperature dynamics. At the end of this paper, we apply this technique to\nstudy a real helical chain magnet.",
        "positive": "Autonomous Ratcheting by Stochastic Resetting: We propose a generalization of the stochastic resetting mechanism for a\nBrownian particle diffusing in a one-dimensional periodic potential: randomly\nin time, the particle gets reset at the bottom of the potential well it was in.\nNumerical simulations show that in mirror asymmetric potentials, stochastic\nresetting rectifies the particle's dynamics, with maximum drift speed for an\noptimal average resetting time. Accordingly, an unbiased Brownian tracer\ndiffusing on an asymmetric substrate can rectify its motion by adopting an\nadaptive stop-and-go strategy. Our proposed ratchet mechanism can model\ndirected autonomous motion of molecular motors and micro-organisms"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Solution of a Vertex Model with Unlimited Number of States Per\n  Bond: The exact solution is obtained for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the\nrow-to-row transfer matrix of a two-dimensional vertex model with unlimited\nnumber of states per bond. This model is a classical counterpart of a quantum\nspin chain with an unlimited value of spin. This quantum chain is studied using\ngeneral predictions of conformal field theory. The long-distance behaviour of\nsome ground-state correlation functions is derived from a finite-size analysis\nof the gapless excitations.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of self-assembled rigid rods on two-dimensional lattices:\n  Theory and Monte Carlo simulations: Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling analysis have been carried\nout to study the critical behavior in a two-dimensional system of particles\nwith two bonding sites that, by decreasing temperature or increasing density,\npolymerize reversibly into chains with discrete orientational degrees of\nfreedom and, at the same time, undergo a continuous isotropic-nematic (IN)\ntransition. A complete phase diagram was obtained as a function of temperature\nand density. The numerical results were compared with mean field (MF) and real\nspace renormalization group (RSRG) analytical predictions about the IN\ntransformation. While the RSRG approach supports the continuous nature of the\ntransition, the MF solution predicts a first-order transition line and a\ntricritical point, at variance with the simulation results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Redundant basis interpretation of Doi-Peliti method and an application: The Doi-Peliti method is effective for investigating classical stochastic\nprocesses, and it has wide applications, including field theoretic approaches.\nFurthermore, it is applicable not only to master equations but also to\nstochastic differential equations; one can derive a kind of discrete process\nfrom stochastic differential equations. A remarkable fact is that the\nDoi-Peliti method is related to a different analytical approach, i.e.,\ngenerating function. The connection with the generating function approach helps\nto understand the derivation of discrete processes from stochastic differential\nequations. Here, a redundant basis interpretation for the Doi-Peliti method is\nproposed, which enables us to derive different types of discrete processes. The\nconventional correspondence with the generating function approach is also\nextended. The proposed extensions give us a new tool to study stochastic\ndifferential equations. As an application of the proposed interpretation, we\nperform numerical experiments for a finite-state approximation of the derived\ndiscrete process from the noisy van der Pol system; the redundant basis yields\nreasonable results compared with the conventional discrete process with the\nsame number of states.",
        "positive": "Unbinding of mutually avoiding random walks and two dimensional quantum\n  gravity: We analyze the unbinding transition for a two dimensional lattice polymer in\nwhich the constituent strands are mutually avoiding random walks. At low\ntemperatures the strands are bound and form a single self-avoiding walk. We\nshow that unbinding in this model is a strong first order transition. The\nentropic exponents associated to denaturated loops and end-segments\ndistributions show sharp differences at the transition point and in the high\ntemperature phase. Their values can be deduced from some exact arguments\nrelying on a conformal mapping of copolymer networks into a fluctuating\ngeometry, i.e. in the presence of quantum gravity. An excellent agreement\nbetween analytical and numerical estimates is observed for all cases analized."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Duality between random trap and barrier models: We discuss the physical consequences of a duality between two models with\nquenched disorder, in which particles propagate in one dimension among random\ntraps or across random barriers. We derive an exact relation between their\ndiffusion fronts at fixed disorder, and deduce from this that their\ndisorder-averaged diffusion fronts are exactly equal. We use effective dynamics\nschemes to isolate the different physical processes by which particles\npropagate in the models and discuss how the duality arises from a\ncorrespondence between the rates for these different processes.",
        "positive": "The thermal conductivity of alternating spin chains: We study a class of integrable alternating (S1,S2) quantum spin chains with\ncritical ground state properties. Our main result is the description of the\nthermal Drude weight of the one-dimensional alternating spin chain as a\nfunction of temperature. We have identified the thermal current of the model\nwith alternating spins as one of the conserved currents underlying the\nintegrability. This allows for the derivation of a finite set of non-linear\nintegral equations for the thermal conductivity. Numerical solutions to the\nintegral equations are presented for specific cases of the spins S1 and S2. In\nthe low-temperature limit a universal picture evolves where the thermal Drude\nweight is proportional to temperature T and central charge c."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Nucleation of Phase Slips in a 1d Model of a Superfluid: We use a 1d model of a superfluid based on the Gross-Pitaevskii Lagrangian to\nillustrate a general numerical method designed to find quantum tunneling rates\nin extended bosonic systems. Specifically, we study flow past an obstacle and\ndirectly solve the imaginary time dynamics to find the ``bounce'' solution\nconnected with the decay of the metastable laminar state via phase slip\nnucleation. The action for the tunneling confuguration goes to zero at the\nthreshold (in superfluid velocity) for classical production of these slips.\nApplications to other processes are briefly discussed.",
        "positive": "From one-way streets to percolation on random mixed graphs: In most studies, street networks are considered as undirected graphs while\none-way streets and their effect on shortest paths are usually ignored. Here,\nwe first study the empirical effect of one-way streets in about $140$ cities in\nthe world. Their presence induces a detour that persists over a wide range of\ndistances and characterized by a non-universal exponent. The effect of one-ways\non the pattern of shortest paths is then twofold: they mitigate local traffic\nin certain areas but create bottlenecks elsewhere. This empirical study leads\nnaturally to consider a mixed graph model of 2d regular lattices with both\nundirected links and a diluted variable fraction $p$ of randomly directed links\nwhich mimics the presence of one-ways in a street network. We study the size of\nthe strongly connected component (SCC) versus $p$ and demonstrate the existence\nof a threshold $p_c$ above which the SCC size is zero. We show numerically that\nthis transition is non-trivial for lattices with degree less than $4$ and\nprovide some analytical argument. We compute numerically the critical exponents\nfor this transition and confirm previous results showing that they define a new\nuniversality class different from both the directed and standard percolation.\nFinally, we show that the transition on real-world graphs can be understood\nwith random perturbations of regular lattices. The impact of one-ways on the\ngraph properties were already the subject of a few mathematical studies, and\nour results show that this problem has also interesting connections with\npercolation, a classical model in statistical physics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partition function of N composite bosons: The partition function of composite bosons (\"cobosons\" for short) is\ncalculated in the canonical ensemble, with the Pauli exclusion principle\nbetween their fermionic components included in an exact way through the finite\ntemperature many-body formalism for composite quantum particles we recently\ndeveloped. To physically understand the very compact result we obtain, we first\npresent a diagrammatic approach to the partition function of $N$ elementary\nbosons. We then show how to extend this approach to cobosons with Pauli\nblocking and interaction between their fermions. These diagrams provide deep\ninsights on the structure of a coboson condensate, paving the way toward the\ndetermination of the critical parameters for their quantum condensation.",
        "positive": "Clustering of solutions in hard satisfiability problems: We study the structure of the solution space and behavior of local search\nmethods on random 3-SAT problems close to the SAT/UNSAT transition. Using the\noverlap measure of similarity between different solutions found on the same\nproblem instance we show that the solution space is shrinking as a function of\nalpha. We consider chains of satisfiability problems, where clauses are added\nsequentially. In each such chain, the overlap distribution is first smooth, and\nthen develops a tiered structure, indicating that the solutions are found in\nwell separated clusters. On chains of not too large instances, all solutions\nare eventually observed to be in only one small cluster before vanishing. This\ncondensation transition point is estimated to be alpha_c = 4.26. The transition\napproximately obeys finite-size scaling with an apparent critical exponent of\nabout 1.7. We compare the solutions found by a local heuristic, ASAT, and the\nSurvey Propagation algorithm up to alpha_c."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Life in the Stockmarket - a Realistic Model for Trading: We propose a frustrated and disordered many-body model of a stockmarket in\nwhich independent adaptive traders can trade a stock subject to the economic\nlaw of supply and demand. We show that the typical scaling properties and the\ncorrelated volatility arise as a consequence of the collective behavior of\nagents: With their interaction they determine a price which in turn affects\ntheir future way of investing. We introduce only one type of investors, since\nthey all share the same hope: They simply want to maximize the profit\nminimizing the risk. The best utilization of resources occurs at a critical\npoint characterized by the transition between the excess-demand and the\nexcess-supply phases.",
        "positive": "Energy landscapes and their relation to thermodynamic phase transitions: In order to better understand the occurrence of phase transitions, we adopt\nan approach based on the study of energy landscapes: The relation between\nstationary points of the potential energy landscape of a classical\nmany-particle system and the analyticity properties of its thermodynamic\nfunctions is studied for finite as well as infinite systems. For finite\nsystems, each stationary point is found to cause a nonanalyticity in the\nmicrocanonical entropy, and the functional form of this nonanalytic term can be\nderived explicitly. With increasing system size, the order of the nonanalytic\nterm grows unboundedly, leading to an increasing differentiability of the\nentropy. Therefore, in the thermodynamic limit, only asymptotically flat\nstationary points may cause a phase transition to take place. For several spin\nmodels, these results are illustrated by predicting the absence or presence of\na phase transition from stationary points and their local curvatures in\nmicroscopic configuration space. These results establish a relationship between\nproperties of energy landscapes and the occurrence of phase transitions. Such\nan approach appears particularly promising for the simultaneous study of\ndynamical and thermodynamical properties, as is of interest for example for\nprotein folding or the glass transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Packaging Spectra (as in Partition Functions and L/$\u03b6$-functions) to\n  Reveal Symmetries (Reciprocity) in Nature and in Numbers: In statistical mechanics one packages the possible energies of a system into\na partition function. In number theory, and elsewhere in mathematics, one\npackages the spectrum of a phenomenon, say the prime numbers, into a\n$\\zeta$-function or more generally into an L-function. These packaging\nfunctions have symmetries and properties not at all apparent from the energies\nor the primes themselves, often exhibiting scaling symmetries for example. One\nmight be able to understand those symmetries and compute the packaging function\nindependently of the actual packaging. And so one finds a way of putting\ntogether objects into a package, and ways of discerning symmetries of that\npackage independent of the actual mode of packaging. This is a recurrent theme\nof the Langlands Program as well. Packaging is also found in Weyl's asymptotics\nand \"hearing the shape of a drum\" (Kac), the Schwinger Greens function in\nquantum electrodynamics packaging the Feynman sum of histories, and more\ngenerally in the Selberg trace formula.",
        "positive": "The algorithm for simulating of phase transition in Ising magnetic: Simple algorithm of dynamics of Ising magnetic is described. The algorithm\ncan be implemented on conventional digital computer and can be used for\nconstruction of specialized processor for simulation of ferromagnetic systems.\nThe algorithm gives a simple way to calculate 1D correlation functions for 1D\nIsing magnetic."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of intrinsic fluctuations in a prototypical chemical oscillator:\n  metastability and switching: Intrinsic or demographic noise has been shown to play an important role in\nthe dynamics of a variety of systems including predator-prey populations,\nintracellular biochemical reactions, and oscillatory chemical reaction systems,\nand is known to give rise to oscillations and pattern formation well outside\nthe parameter range predicted by standard mean-field analysis. Initially\nmotivated by an experimental model of cells and tissues where the cells are\nrepresented by chemical reagents isolated in emulsion droplets, we study the\nstochastic Brusselator, a simple activator-inhibitor chemical reaction model.\nOur work builds on the results of recent studies and looks to understand the\nrole played by intrinsic fluctuations when the timescale of the inhibitor\nspecies is fast compared to that of the activator. In this limit, we observe a\nnoise induced switching between small and large amplitude oscillations that\npersists for large system sizes (N), and deep into the non oscillatory part of\nthe mean-field phase diagram. We obtain a scaling relation for the first\npassage times between the two oscillating states. From our scaling function, we\nshow that the first passage times have a well defined form in the large N\nlimit. Thus in the limit of small noise and large timescale separation a\ncareful treatment of the noise will lead to a set of non-trivial deterministic\nequations different from those obtained from the standard mean-field limit.",
        "positive": "Free-energy estimates from nonequilibrium trajectories under\n  varying-temperature protocols: The Jarzynski equality allows the calculation of free-energy differences\nusing values of work measured in nonequilibrium trajectories. The number of\ntrajectories required to accurately estimate free-energy differences in this\nway grows sharply with the size of work fluctuations, motivating the search for\nprotocols that perform desired transformations with minimum work. However,\nprotocols of this nature can involve varying temperature, to which the\nJarzynski equality does not apply. We derive a variant of the Jarzynski\nequality that applies to varying-temperature protocols, and show that it can\nhave better convergence properties than the standard version of the equality.\nWe derive this modified equality, and the associated fluctuation relation,\nwithin the framework of Markovian stochastic dynamics, complementing related\nderivations done within the framework of Hamiltonian dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling behavior of the conserved transfer threshold process: We analyze numerically the critical behavior of an absorbing phase transition\nin the conserved transfer threshold process. We determined the steady state\nscaling behavior of the order parameter as a function of both, the control\nparameter and an external field, conjugated to the order parameter. The\nexternal field is realized as a spontaneous creation of active particles which\ndrives the system away from criticality. The obtained results yields that the\nconserved transfers threshold process belongs to the universality class of\nabsorbing phase transitions in a conserved field.",
        "positive": "Phenomenological theory of the Potts model evaporation-condensation\n  transition: We present a phenomenological theory describing the finite-size\nevaporation-condensation transition of the $q$-state Potts model in the\nmicrocanonical ensemble. Our arguments rely on the existence of an exponent\n$\\sigma$, relating the surface and the volume of the condensed phase droplet.\nThe evaporation-condensation transition temperature and energy converge to\ntheir infinite-size values with the same power, $a=(1-\\sigma)/(2-\\sigma)$, of\nthe inverse of the system size. For the 2D Potts model we show, by means of\nefficient simulations up to $q=24$ and $1024^2$ sites, that the exponent $a$ is\ncompatible with $1/4$, in disagreement with previous studies. While this value\ncannot be addressed by the evaporation-condensation theory developed for the\nIsing model, it is obtained in the present scheme if $\\sigma=2/3$, in agreement\nwith previous theoretical guesses. The connection with the phenomenon of\nmetastability in the canonical ensemble is also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strong zero modes in integrable quantum circuits: It is a classic result that certain interacting integrable spin chains host\nrobust edge modes known as strong zero modes (SZMs). In this work, we extend\nthis result to the Floquet setting of local quantum circuits, focusing on a\nprototypical model providing an integrable Trotterization for the evolution of\nthe XXZ Heisenberg spin chain. By exploiting the algebraic structures of\nintegrability, we show that an exact SZM operator can be constructed for these\nintegrable quantum circuits in certain regions of parameter space. Our\nconstruction, which recovers a well-known result by Paul Fendley in the\ncontinuous-time limit, relies on a set of commuting transfer matrices known\nfrom integrability, and allows us to easily prove important properties of the\nSZM, including normalizabilty. Our approach is different from previous methods\nand could be of independent interest even in the Hamiltonian setting. Our\npredictions, which are corroborated by numerical simulations of\ninfinite-temperature autocorrelation functions, are potentially interesting for\nimplementations of the XXZ quantum circuit on available quantum platforms.",
        "positive": "Nonuniversality in short-time critical dynamics: We study behaviour of dynamical critical exponents of the two-dimensional\nIsing model with a line of defects. Simulations done at an early time (first\n100 Monte Carlo steps) reveal that the critical exponent of Janssen et al (Z.\nPhys. B 73 539) depends on the strength of the exchange coupling constant (J')\nof the altered line. On the other hand, our simulations permit us to conclude\nthat the dynamical critical exponent z is not sensitive to changes in J'. In\nadition, we investigate the possible invariance of the anomalous dimension of\nthe magnetization at the beginning of the process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Mean-Field Solutions of the Asymmetric Random Average Process: We consider the asymmetric random average process (ARAP) with continuous mass\nvariables and parallel discrete time dynamics studied recently by Krug/Garcia\nand Rajesh/Majumdar [both Jrl. Stat. Phys. 99 (2000)]. The model is defined by\nan arbitrary state-independent fraction density function $\\phi(r)$ with support\non the unit interval. We examine the exactness of mean-field steady-state mass\ndistributions in dependence of $\\phi$ and identify as a conjecture based on\nhigh order calculations the class $\\mathcal{M}$ of density functions yielding\nproduct measure solutions. Additionally the exact form of the associated mass\ndistributions P(m) is derived. Using these results we show examplary the\nexactness of the mean-field ansatz for monomial fraction densities\n$\\phi(r)=(n-1) r^{n-2}$ with $n \\geq 2$. For verification we calculate the mass\ndistributions P(m) explicitly and prove directly that product measure holds.\nFurthermore we show that even in cases where the steady state is not given by a\nproduct measure very accurate approximants can be found in the class\n$\\mathcal{M}$.",
        "positive": "Continuous demixing transition of binary liquids: finite-size scaling\n  from the analysis of sub-systems: A binary liquid near its consolute point exhibits critical fluctuations of\nthe local composition; the diverging correlation length has always challenged\nsimulations. The method of choice for the calculation of critical points in the\nphase diagram is a scaling analysis of finite-size corrections, based on a\nsequence of widely different system sizes. Here, we discuss an alternative\nusing cubic sub-systems of one large simulation as facilitated by modern,\nmassively parallel hardware. We exemplify the method for a symmetric binary\nliquid at critical composition and compare different routes to the critical\ntemperature: (1) fitting the critical divergences of the correlation length and\nthe susceptibility encoded in the composition structure factor of the whole\nsystem, (2) testing data collapse and scaling of moments of the composition\nfluctuations in sub-volumes, and (3) applying the cumulant intersection\ncriterion to the sub-systems. For the last route, two difficulties arise:\nsub-volumes are open systems with free boundary conditions, for which no\nprecise estimate of the critical Binder cumulant $U_c$ is available. Second,\nthe periodic boundaries of the simulation box interfere with the sub-volumes,\nwhich we resolve by a two-parameter finite-size scaling. The implied\nmodification to the data analysis restores the common intersection point, and\nwe estimate $U_c=0.201 \\pm 0.001$, universal for cubic Ising-like systems with\nfree boundaries. Confluent corrections to scaling, which arise for small\nsub-system sizes, are quantified at leading order and our data for the critical\nsusceptibility are compatible with the universal correction exponent\n$\\omega\\approx 0.83$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discreteness-induced transitions in multi-body reaction systems: A decrease in system size can induce qualitatively different behavior\ncompared to the macroscopic behavior of the corresponding large-size system.\nThe mechanisms of this transition, which is known as the small-size transition,\ncan be attributed to either a relative increase in the noise intensity or to\nthe discreteness of the state space due to the small system size. The former\nmechanism has been intensively investigated using several toy and realistic\nmodels. However, the latter has rarely been analyzed and is sometimes confused\nwith the former, because a toy model that extracts the essence of the\ndiscreteness-induced transition mechanism is lacking. In this work, we propose\na 1- and 3-body reaction system as a minimal model of the discreteness-induced\ntransition and derive the conditions under which this transition occurs in more\ncomplex systems. This work enriches our understanding of the influence of small\nsystem size on system behavior.",
        "positive": "Craig's XY-distribution and the statistics of Lagrangian power in\n  two-dimensional turbulence: We examine the probability distribution function (pdf) of energy injection\nrate (power) in numerical simulations of stationary two--dimensional (2D)\nturbulence in the Lagrangian frame. The simulation is designed to mimic an\nelectromagnetically driven fluid layer, a well-documented system for generating\ntwo--dimensional turbulence in the laboratory. In our simulations, the forcing\nand velocity fields are close to Gaussian. On the other hand, the measured PDF\nof injected power is very sharply peaked at zero, suggestive of a singularity\nthere, with tails which are exponential but asymmetric. Large positive\nfluctuations are more probable than large negative fluctuations. It is this\nasymmetry of the tails, which leads to a net positive mean value for the energy\ninput despite the most probable value being zero. The main features of the\npower distribution are well described by Craig's XY distribution for the PDF of\nthe product of two correlated normal variables. We show that the power\ndistribution should exhibit a logarithmic singularity at zero and decay\nexponentially for large absolute values of the power. We calculate the\nasymptotic behavior and express the asymmetry of the tails in terms of the\ncorrelation coefficient of the force and velocity. We compare the measured pdfs\nwith the theoretical calculations and briefly discuss how the power pdf might\nchange with other forcing mechanisms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Einstein relation between mobility and diffusion coefficient in\n  an active bath: An active bath, made of self-propelling units, is a nonequilibrium medium in\nwhich the Einstein relation $D=\\mu k_B T$ between the mobility $\\mu$ and the\ndiffusivity $D$ of a tracer particle cannot be expected to hold a priori. We\nconsider here heavy tracers for which these coefficients can be related to\ncorrelation functions which we estimate. We show that, to a good approximation,\nan Einstein relation does hold in an active bath upon using a different\ntemperature which is defined mechanically, through the pressure exerted on the\ntracer.",
        "positive": "Duality in stochastic processes from the viewpoint of basis expansions: A new derivation method of duality relations in stochastic processes is\nproposed. The current focus is on the duality between stochastic differential\nequations and birth-death processes. Although previous derivation methods have\nbeen based on the viewpoint of time-evolution operators, the current derivation\nis based on basis expansions. In addition, only the tool needed for the\nderivation is the integration by parts, which is rather simple and\nunderstandable. The viewpoint of basis expansions enables us to obtain various\ndual stochastic processes. As a demonstration, dual processes based on\nTaylor-type and Hermite polynomials are derived."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Measurement of FLux Fluctuations in Diffusion in the Small-Numbers Limit: Using a microfluidics device filled with a colloidal suspension of\nmicrospheres, we test the laws of diffusion in the limit of small particle\nnumbers. Our focus is not just on average properties such as the mean flux, but\nrather on the features of the entire distribution of allowed microscopic\ntrajectories that are possible during diffusive dynamics. The experiments show\nthat: (1) the flux distribution is Gaussian; (2) Fick's Law --- that the\naverage flux is proportional to the particle gradient --- holds even for\nparticle gradients down to one or zero particles; (3) the variance in the flux\nis proportional to the sum of the particle numbers; and (4) there are backwards\nflows, where particles flow up a concentration gradient, rather than down it,\nand their numbers are well-predicted by theory and consistent with a new Flux\nFluctuation Theorem.",
        "positive": "Chromatic Polynomials for Lattice Strips with Cyclic Boundary Conditions: The zero-temperature $q$-state Potts model partition function for a lattice\nstrip of fixed width $L_y$ and arbitrary length $L_x$ has the form\n$P(G,q)=\\sum_{j=1}^{N_{G,\\lambda}}c_{G,j}(\\lambda_{G,j})^{L_x}$, and is\nequivalent to the chromatic polynomial for this graph. We present exact\nzero-temperature partition functions for strips of several lattices with\n$(FBC_y,PBC_x)$, i.e., cyclic, boundary conditions. In particular, the\nchromatic polynomial of a family of generalized dodecahedra graphs is\ncalculated. The coefficient $c_{G,j}$ of degree $d$ in $q$ is\n$c^{(d)}=U_{2d}(\\frac{\\sqrt{q}}{2})$, where $U_n(x)$ is the Chebyshev\npolynomial of the second kind. We also present the chromatic polynomial for the\nstrip of the square lattice with $(PBC_y,PBC_x)$, i.e., toroidal, boundary\nconditions and width $L_y=4$ with the property that each set of four vertical\nvertices forms a tetrahedron. A number of interesting and novel features of the\ncontinuous accumulation set of the chromatic zeros, ${\\cal B}$ are found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging-induced continuous phase transition: Aging is considered as the property of the elements of a system to be less\nprone to change states as they get older. We incorporate aging into the noisy\nvoter model, a stochastic model in which the agents modify their binary state\nby means of noise and pair-wise interactions. Interestingly, due to aging the\nsystem passes from a finite-size discontinuous transition between ordered\n(ferromagnetic) and disordered (paramagnetic) phases to a second order phase\ntransition, well defined in the thermodynamic limit, belonging to the Ising\nuniversality class. We characterize it analytically by finding the stationary\nsolution of an infinite set of mean field equations. The theoretical\npredictions are tested with extensive numerical simulations in low dimensional\nlattices and complex networks. We finally employ the aging properties to\nunderstand the symmetries broken in the phase transition.",
        "positive": "Endoreversible Otto engines at maximal power: Despite its idealizations, thermodynamics has proven its power as a\npredictive theory for practical applications. In particular, the Curzon-Ahlborn\nefficiency provides a benchmark for any real engine operating at maximal power.\nHere we further develop the analysis of endoreversible Otto engines. For a\ngeneric class of working mediums, whose internal energy is proportional to some\npower of the temperature, we find that no engine can achieve the Carnot\nefficiency at finite power. However, we also find that for the specific example\nof photonic engines the efficiency at maximal power is larger than the\nCurzon-Ahlborn efficiency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical characterization of the fixed income market efficiency: We present cross and time series analysis of price fluctuations in the U.S.\nTreasury fixed income market. By means of techniques borrowed from statistical\nphysics we show that the correlation among bonds depends strongly on the\nmaturity and bonds' price increments do not fulfill the random walk hyphoteses.",
        "positive": "Boundary conditions in random sequential adsorption: The influence of different boundary conditions on the density of random\npackings of disks is studied. Packings are generated using the random\nsequential adsorption algorithm with three different types of boundary\nconditions: periodic, open, and wall. It is found that the finite size effects\nare smallest for periodic boundary conditions, as expected. On the other hand,\nin the case of open and wall boundaries it is possible to introduce an\neffective packing size and a constant correction term to significantly improve\nthe packing densities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theoretical Characterization of the Interface in a Nonequilibrium\n  Lattice System: The influence of nonequilibrium bulk conditions on the properties of the\ninterfaces exhibited by a kinetic Ising--like model system with nonequilibrium\nsteady states is studied. The system is maintained out of equilibrium by\nperturbing the familiar spin--flip dynamics at temperature T with\ncompletely--random flips; one may interpret these as ideally simulating some\n(dynamic) impurities. We find evidence that, in the present case, the\nnonequilibrium mechanism adds to the basic thermal one resulting on a\nrenormalization of microscopic parameters such as the probability of\ninterfacial broken bonds. On this assumption, we develop theory for the\nnonequilibrium \"surface tension\", which happens to show a non--monotonous\nbehavior with a maximum at some finite T. It ensues, in full agreement with\nMonte Carlo simulations, that interface fluctuations differ qualitatively from\nthe equilibrium case, e.g., the interface remains rough at zero--T. We discuss\non some consequences of these facts for nucleation theory, and make some\nexplicit predictions concerning the nonequilibrium droplet structure.",
        "positive": "The Vlasov equation and the Hamiltonian Mean-Field model: We show that the quasi-stationary states observed in the $N$-particle\ndynamics of the Hamiltonian Mean-Field (HMF) model are nothing but Vlasov\nstable homogeneous (zero magnetization) states. There is an infinity of Vlasov\nstable homogeneous states corresponding to different initial momentum\ndistributions. Tsallis $q$-exponentials in momentum, homogeneous in angle,\ndistribution functions are possible, however, they are not special in any\nrespect, among an infinity of others. All Vlasov stable homogeneous states lose\ntheir stability because of finite $N$ effects and, after a relaxation time\ndiverging with a power-law of the number of particles, the system converges to\nthe Boltzmann-Gibbs equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Weak correlation effects in the Ising model on triangular-tiled\n  hyperbolic lattices: The Ising model is studied on a series of hyperbolic two-dimensional lattices\nwhich are formed by tessellation of triangles on negatively curved surfaces. In\norder to treat the hyperbolic lattices, we propose a generalization of the\ncorner transfer matrix renormalization group method using a recursive\nconstruction of asymmetric transfer matrices. Studying the phase transition,\nthe mean-field universality is captured by means of a precise analysis of\nthermodynamic functions. The correlation functions and the density matrix\nspectra always decay exponentially even at the transition point, whereas power\nlaw behavior characterizes criticality on the Euclidean flat geometry. We\nconfirm the absence of a finite correlation length in the limit of infinite\nnegative Gaussian curvature.",
        "positive": "Study of the path probability of a Brownian motion: This work is a numerical experiment of stochastic motion of conservative\nHamiltonian system or weakly damped Brownian particles. The objective is to\nprove the existence of path probability and to compute its values. By observing\na large number of particles moving from one point to another under Gaussian\nnoise and conservative forces, it is determined that the path probability\ndecreases exponentially with action along the paths."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Loop erased random walk on percolation cluster: Crossover from Euclidean\n  to fractal geometry: We study loop erased random walk (LERW) on the percolation cluster, with\noccupation probability $p\\geq p_c$, in two and three dimensions. We find that\nthe fractal dimensions of LERW$_p$ is close to normal LERW in Euclidean\nlattice, for all $p>p_c$. However our results reveal that LERW on critical\nincipient percolation clusters is fractal with $d_{f}=1.217\\pm0.0015$ for d = 2\nand $1.44\\pm0.03$ for d = 3, independent of the coordination number of the\nlattice. These values are consistent with the known values for optimal path\nexponents in strongly disordered media. We investigate how the behavior of the\nLERW$_p$ crosses over from Euclidean to fractal geometry by gradually\ndecreasing the value of the parameter p from 1 to $p_c$. For finite systems,\ntwo crossover exponents and a scaling relation can be derived. This work opens\nup a new theoretical window regarding diffusion process on fractal and random\nlandscapes.",
        "positive": "Storage of energy in constrained non-equilibrium systems: We study a quantity $\\mathcal{T}$ defined as the energy U, stored in\nnon-equilibrium steady states (NESS) over its value in equilibrium $U_0$,\n$\\Delta U=U-U_0$ divided by the heat flow $J_{U}$ going out of the system. A\nrecent study suggests that $\\mathcal{T}$ is minimized in steady states\n(Phys.Rev.E.99, 042118 (2019)). We evaluate this hypothesis using an ideal gas\nsystem with three methods of energy delivery: from a uniformly distributed\nenergy source, from an external heat flow through the surface, and from an\nexternal matter flow. By introducing internal constraints into the system, we\ndetermine $\\mathcal{T}$ with and without constraints and find that\n$\\mathcal{T}$ is the smallest for unconstrained NESS. We find that the form of\nthe internal energy in the studied NESS follows $U=U_0*f(J_U)$. In this\ncontext, we discuss natural variables for NESS, define the embedded energy (an\nanalog of Helmholtz free energy for NESS), and provide its interpretation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Atomic-scale structure of hard-core fluids under shear flow: The effect of velocity correlations on the equal-time density autocorrelation\nfunction, e.g. the pair distribution function or pdf, of a hard-sphere fluid\nundergoing shear flow is investigated. The pdf at contact is calculated within\nthe Enskog approximation and is shown to be in good agreement with molecular\ndynamics simulations for shear rates below the shear-induced ordering\ntransition. These calculations are used to construct a nonequilibrium\ngeneralised mean spherical approximation for the pdf at finite separations\nwhich is also found to agree well with the simulation data.",
        "positive": "Quantum phase transition in a transverse Ising chain with regularly\n  varying parameters: Using rigorous analytical analysis and exact numerical data for the spin-1/2\ntransverse Ising chain we discuss the effects of regular alternation of the\nHamiltonian parameters on the quantum phase transition inherent in the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pumping single-file colloids: Absence of current reversal: We consider the single-file motion of colloidal particles interacting via\nshort-ranged repulsion and placed in a traveling wave potential, that varies\nperiodically in time and space. Under suitable driving conditions, a directed\ntime-averaged flow of colloids is generated. We obtain analytic results for the\nmodel using a perturbative approach to solve the Fokker-Planck equations. The\npredictions show good agreement with numerical simulations. We find peaks in\nthe time-averaged directed current as a function of driving frequency,\nwavelength and particle density and discuss possible experimental realizations.\nSurprisingly, unlike a closely related exclusion dynamics on a lattice, the\ndirected current in the present model does not show current reversal with\ndensity. A linear response formula relating current response to equilibrium\ncorrelations is also proposed.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of computations with absolute irreversibility,\n  unidirectional transitions, and stochastic computation times: Developing a thermodynamic theory of computation is a challenging task at the\ninterface of non-equilibrium thermodynamics and computer science. In\nparticular, this task requires dealing with difficulties such as stochastic\nhalting times, unidirectional (possibly deterministic) transitions, and\nrestricted initial conditions, features common in real-world computers. Here,\nwe present a framework which tackles all such difficulties by extending the\nmartingale theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics to generic non-stationary\nMarkovian processes, including those with broken detailed balance and/or\nabsolute irreversibility. We derive several universal fluctuation relations and\nsecond-law-like inequalities that provide both lower and upper bounds on the\nintrinsic dissipation (mismatch cost) associated with any periodic process --\nin particular the periodic processes underlying all current digital\ncomputation. Crucially, these bounds apply even if the process has stochastic\nstopping times, as it does in many computational machines. We illustrate our\nresults with exhaustive numerical simulations of deterministic finite automata\n(DFA) processing bit strings, one of the fundamental models of computation from\ntheoretical computer science. We also provide universal equalities and\ninequalities for the acceptance probability of words of a given length by a\ndeterministic finite automaton in terms of thermodynamic quantities, and\noutline connections between computer science and stochastic resetting. Our\nresults, while motivated from the computational context, are applicable far\nmore broadly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Box-Muller method for generating q-Gaussian random deviates: Addendum: The generalized Box-M\\\"uller algorithm provides a methodology for\ngenerating q-Gaussian random variates. The parameter $-\\infty<q\\leq3$ is\nrelated to the shape of the tail decay; $q<1$ for compact-support including\nparabola $(q=0)$; $1<q\\leq3$ for heavy-tail including Cauchy $(q=2)$. This\naddendum clarifies the transformation $q'=((3q-1)/(q+1))$ within the algorithm\nis due to a difference in the dimensions d of the generalized logarithm and the\ngeneralized distribution. The transformation is clarified by the decomposition\nof $q=1+2\\kappa/(1+d\\kappa)$, where the shape parameter $-1<\\kappa\\leq\\infty$\nquantifies the magnitude of the deformation from exponential. A simpler\nspecification for the generalized Box- M\\\"uller algorithm is provided using the\nshape of the tail decay.\n  Original: The q-Gaussian distribution is known to be an attractor of certain\ncorrelated systems, and is the distribution which, under appropriate\nconstraints, maximizes the entropy Sq, basis of nonextensive statistical\nmechanics. This theory is postulated as a natural extension of the standard\n(Boltzmann-Gibbs) statistical mechanics, and may explain the ubiquitous\nappearance of heavy-tailed distributions in both natural and man-made systems.\nThe q-Gaussian distribution is also used as a numerical tool, for example as a\nvisiting distribution in Generalized Simulated Annealing. We develop and\npresent a simple, easy to implement numerical method for generating random\ndeviates from a q-Gaussian distribution based upon a generalization of the well\nknown Box-Muller method. Our method is suitable for a larger range of q values,\nq<3, than has previously appeared in the literature, and can generate deviates\nfrom q-Gaussian distributions of arbitrary width and center. MATLAB code\nshowing a straightforward implementation is also included.",
        "positive": "Thermal Casimir drag in fluctuating classical fields: A uniformly moving inclusion which locally suppresses the fluctuations of a\nclassical thermally excited field is shown to experience a drag force which\ndepends on the dynamics of the field. It is shown that in a number of cases the\nlinear friction coefficient is dominated by short distance fluctuations and\ntakes a very simple form. Examples where this drag can occur are for stiff\nobjects, such as proteins, nonspecifically bound to more flexible ones such as\npolymers and membranes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long time evolution of meandered steps during the crystal growth\n  processes: Step meandering during growth of gallium nitride (0001) surface is studied\nusing kinetic Monte Carlo method. Simulated growth process, conducted in N-rich\nconditions are therefore controlled by Ga atoms surface diffusion. The model\nemploys dominating four-body interactions of Ga atoms that cause step flow\nanisotropy during growth. Overall kinetics and shape selection features of step\nmeandering are analyzed assuming their dependence on the external particle flux\nand on the temperature. It appears that at relatively high temperatures and low\nfluxes steps move regularly preserving their initial shapes of straight,\nparallel lines. For higher fluxes and at wide range of temperatures step\nmeandering happens. It is shown that, depending on the initial surface\nparameters, two different scenarios of step meandering are realized. In both\nthese regimes meandering has different character as a function of time. For\nrelatively high fluxes meanders have wavelengths shorter than the terrace width\nand they grow independently. Eventually surface ends up as a rough structure.\nWhen flux is lower regular pattern of meanders emerges. Step meander even if\nSchwoebel barrier is absent. Too high barrier destroys step stability. The\namplitude of wavelike step meanders increases in time up to a saturation value.\nThe mechanism of such meander development is elucidated.",
        "positive": "Mixing and perfect sampling in one-dimensional particle systems: We study the approach to equilibrium of the event-chain Monte Carlo (ECMC)\nalgorithm for the one-dimensional hard-sphere model. Using the connection to\nthe coupon-collector problem, we prove that a specific version of this local\nirreversible Markov chain realizes perfect sampling in O(N^2 log N) events,\nwhereas the reversible local Metropolis algorithm requires O(N^3 log N) time\nsteps for mixing. This confirms a special case of an earlier conjecture about\nO(N^2 log N) scaling of mixing times of ECMC and of the forward Metropolis\nalgorithm, its discretized variant. We furthermore prove that sequential ECMC\n(with swaps) realizes perfect sampling in O(N^2) events. Numerical simulations\nindicate a cross-over towards O(N^2 log N) mixing for the sequential forward\nswap Metropolis algorithm, that we introduce here. We point out open\nmathematical questions and possible applications of our findings to\nhigher-dimensional statistical-physics models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact dynamics in dual-unitary quantum circuits: We consider the class of dual-unitary quantum circuits in $1+1$ dimensions\nand introduce a notion of ``solvable'' matrix product states (MPSs), defined by\na specific condition which allows us to tackle their time evolution\nanalytically. We provide a classification of the latter, showing that they\ninclude certain MPSs of arbitrary bond dimension, and study analytically\ndifferent aspects of their dynamics. For these initial states, we show that\nwhile any subsystem of size $\\ell$ reaches infinite temperature after a time\n$t\\propto \\ell$, irrespective of the presence of conserved quantities, the\nlight-cone of two-point correlation functions displays qualitatively different\nfeatures depending on the ergodicity of the quantum circuit, defined by the\nbehavior of infinite-temperature dynamical correlation functions. Furthermore,\nwe study the entanglement spreading from such solvable initial states,\nproviding a closed formula for the time evolution of the entanglement entropy\nof a connected block. This generalizes recent results obtained in the context\nof the self-dual kicked Ising model. By comparison, we also consider a family\nof non-solvable initial mixed states depending on one real parameter $\\beta$,\nwhich, as $\\beta$ is varied from zero to infinity, interpolate between the\ninfinite temperature density matrix and arbitrary initial pure product states.\nWe study analytically their dynamics for small values of $\\beta$, and highlight\nthe differences from the case of solvable MPSs.",
        "positive": "Ising model on a hyperbolic plane with a boundary: A hyperbolic plane can be modeled by a structure called the enhanced binary\ntree. We study the ferromagnetic Ising model on top of the enhanced binary tree\nusing the renormalization-group analysis in combination with transfer-matrix\ncalculations. We find a reasonable agreement with Monte Carlo calculations on\nthe transition point, and the resulting critical exponents suggest the\nmean-field surface critical behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Broken ergodicity of right triangular billiard systems: A right triangular billiard system is equivalent to the system of two\ncolliding particles confined in a one-dimensional box. In spite of their\nseeming simplicity, no definite conclusion has been drawn so far concerning\ntheir ergodic properties. To answer this question, we transform the dynamics of\nthe right triangular billiard system to a piecewise map and analytically prove\nthe broken ergodicity. The mechanism leading to the broken ergodicity is\ndiscussed, and some numerical evidence corroborating our conclusion is\nprovided.",
        "positive": "Computing the Tolman length for solid-liquid interfaces: The curvature dependence of interfacial free energy, which is crucial in\nquantitatively predicting nucleation kinetics and the stability of bubbles and\ndroplets, can be described in terms of the Tolman length {\\delta}. For\nsolid-liquid interfaces, however,{\\delta} has never been computed directly due\nto various theoretical and practical challenges. Here we present a general\nmethod that enables the direct evaluation of the Tolman length from atomistic\nsimulations of a solid-liquid planar interface in out-of-equilibrium\nconditions. This method works by first measuring the surface tension from the\namplitude of thermal capillary fluctuations of a localized version of Gibbs\ndividing surface, and bythen computing the free energy difference between the\nsurface of tension and the equimolar dividing surface. For benchmark purposes,\nwe computed {\\delta}for a model potential, and compared the results to less\nrigorous indirect approaches."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Studies of Mass and Size Effects in Three-Dimensional Vibrofluidized\n  Granular Mixtures: We examine the steady state properties of binary systems of driven inelastic\nhard spheres. The spheres, which move under the influence of gravity, are\ncontained in a vertical cylinder with a vibrating base. We computed the\ntrajectories of the spheres using an event-driven molecular dynamics algorithm.\nIn the first part of the study, we chose simulation parameters that match those\nof experiments performed by Wildman and Parker. Various properties computed\nfrom the simulation including the density profile, granular temperature and\ncirculation pattern are in good qualitative agreement with the experiments. We\nthen studied the effect of varying the mass ratio and the size ratio\nindependently while holding the other parameters constant. The mass and size\nratio are shown to affect the distribution of the energy. The changes in the\nenergy distributions affect the packing fraction and temperature of each\ncomponent. The temperature of the heavier component has a non-linear dependence\non the mass of the lighter component, while the temperature of the lighter\ncomponent is approximately proportional to its mass. The temperature of both\ncomponents is inversely dependent on the size of the smaller component.",
        "positive": "Kinetics of Phase Separation in Thin Films: Lattice versus Continuum\n  Models for Solid Binary Mixtures: A description of phase separation kinetics for solid binary (A,B) mixtures in\nthin film geometry based on the Kawasaki spin-exchange kinetic Ising model is\npresented in a discrete lattice molecular field formulation. It is shown that\nthe model describes the interplay of wetting layer formation and lateral phase\nseparation, which leads to a characteristic domain size $\\ell(t)$ in the\ndirections parallel to the confining walls that grows according to the\nLifshitz-Slyozov $t^{1/3}$ law with time $t$ after the quench. Near the\ncritical point of the model, the description is shown to be equivalent to the\nstandard treatments based on Ginzburg-Landau models. Unlike the latter, the\npresent treatment is reliable also at temperatures far below criticality, where\nthe correlation length in the bulk is only of the order of a lattice spacing,\nand steep concentration variations may occur near the walls, invalidating the\ngradient square approximation. A further merit is that the relation to the\ninteraction parameters in the bulk and at the walls is always transparent, and\nthe correct free energy at low temperatures is consistent with the time\nevolution by construction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective Sampling in the Configurational Space by the\n  Multicanonical-Multioverlap Algorithm: We propose a new generalized-ensemble algorithm, which we refer to as the\nmulticanonical-multioverlap algorithm. By utilizing a non-Boltzmann weight\nfactor, this method realizes a random walk in the multi-dimensional,\nenergy-overlap space and explores widely in the configurational space including\nspecific configurations, where the overlap of a configuration with respect to a\nreference state is a measure for structural similarity. We apply the\nmulticanonical-multioverlap molecular dynamics method to a penta peptide,\nMet-enkephalin, in vacuum as a test system. We also apply the multicanonical\nand multioverlap molecular dynamics methods to this system for the purpose of\ncomparisons. We see that the multicanonical-multioverlap molecular dynamics\nmethod realizes effective sampling in the configurational space including\nspecific configurations more than the other two methods. From the results of\nthe multicanonical-multioverlap molecular dynamics simulation, furthermore, we\nobtain a new local-minimum state of the Met-enkephalin system.",
        "positive": "Landau theory for finite-time dynamical phase transitions: We study the time evolution of thermodynamic observables that characterise\nthe dissipative nature of thermal relaxation after an instantaneous temperature\nquench. Combining tools from stochastic thermodynamics and large-deviation\ntheory, we develop a powerful theory for computing the large-deviation\nstatistics of such observables. Our method naturally leads to a description in\nterms of a dynamical Landau theory, a versatile tool for the analysis of\nfinite-time dynamical phase transitions. The topology of the associated Landau\npotential allows for an unambiguous identification of the dynamical order\nparameter and of the phase diagram. As an immediate application of our method,\nwe show that the probability distribution of the heat exchanged between a\nmean-field spin model and the environment exhibits a singular point, a kink,\ncaused by a finite-time dynamical phase transition. Using our Landau theory, we\nconduct a detailed study of the phase transition. Although the manifestation of\nthe new transition is similar to that of a previously found finite-time\ntransition in the magnetisation, the properties and the dynamical origins of\nthe two turn out to be very different."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density matrix for a consistent non-extensive thermodynamics: Starting with the average particle distribution function for bosons and\nfermions for non-extensive thermodynamics , as proposed in \\cite{CMP}, we\nobtain the corresponding density matrix operators and hamiltonians. In\nparticular, for the bosonic case the corresponding operators satisfy a deformed\nbosonic algebra and the hamiltonian involves interacting terms in powers of\n$a^{\\dagger}_ja_j$ standard creation and annihilation operators. For the\nunnormalized density matrix we obtain a nonlinear equation that leads to a\ntwo-parameter solution relevant to anomalous diffusion phenomena.",
        "positive": "The Taylor-von Neumann-Sedov blast-wave solution: comparisons with\n  microscopic simulations of a one-dimensional gas: We study the response of an infinite system of point particles on the line\ninitially at rest on the instantaneous release of energy in a localized region.\nWe make a detailed comparison of the hydrodynamic variables predicted by Euler\nequations for non-dissipative ideal compressible gas and the results of direct\nmicroscopic simulations. At long times the profiles of the three conserved\nvariables evolve to self-similar scaling forms, with a scaling exponent as\npredicted by the Taylor-von Neumann-Sedov (TvNS) blast-wave solution. The\nscaling functions obtained from the microscopic dynamics show a remarkable\nagreement with the TvNS predictions, except at the blast core, where the TvNS\nsolution predicts a diverging temperature which is not observed in simulations.\nWe show that the effect of heat conduction becomes important and present\nresults from a numerical solution of the full Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations.\nA different scaling form is observed in the blast core and this is carefully\nanalyzed. Our microscopic model is the one-dimensional alternate mass\nhard-particle gas which has the ideal gas equation of state but is\nnon-integrable and known to display fast equilibration."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Markovian feedback control and acausality: an experimental study: Causality is an important assumption underlying nonequilibrium\ngeneralizations of the second law of thermodynamics known as fluctuation\nrelations. We here experimentally study the nonequilibrium statistical\nproperties of the work and of the entropy production for an optically trapped,\nunderdamped nanoparticle continuously subjected to a time-delayed feedback\ncontrol. Whereas the non-Markovian feedback depends on the past position of the\nparticle for a forward trajectory, it depends on its future position for a\ntime-reversed path, and is therefore acausal. In the steady-state regime, we\nshow that the corresponding fluctuation relations in the long-time limit\nexhibit a clear signature of this acausality, even though the time-reversed\ndynamics is not physically realizable.",
        "positive": "Scaling of the propagation of epidemics in a system of mobile agents: For a two-dimensional system of agents modeled by molecular dynamics, we\nsimulate epidemics spreading, which was recently studied on complex networks.\nOur resulting network model is time-evolving. We study the transitions to\nspreading as function of density, temperature and infection time. In addition,\nwe analyze the epidemic threshold associated to a power-law distribution of\ninfection times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-dimensional quantum spin-1/2 Heisenberg model with competing\n  interactions: We study the quantum spin-1/2 Heisenberg model in two dimensions, interacting\nthrough a nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic exchange ($J$) and a ferromagnetic\ndipolar-like interaction ($J_d$), using double-time Green's function, decoupled\nwithin the random phase approximation (RPA). We obtain the dependence of $k_B\nT_c/J_d$ as a function of frustration parameter $\\delta$, where $T_c$ is the\nferromagnetic (F) transition temperature and $\\delta$ is the ratio between the\nstrengths of the exchange and dipolar interaction (i.e., $\\delta = J/J_d$). The\ntransition temperature between the F and paramagnetic phases decreases with\n$\\delta$, as expected, but goes to zero at a finite value of this parameter,\nnamely $\\delta = \\delta_c = \\pi /8$. At T=0 (quantum phase transition), we\nanalyze the critical parameter $\\delta_c(p)$ for the general case of an\nexchange interaction in the form $J_{ij}=J_d/r_{ij}^{p}$, where ferromagnetic\nand antiferromagnetic phases are present.",
        "positive": "Rossby wave equilibria and zonal jets: The problem of coherent vortex and zonal jet formation in a system of\nnonlinear Rossby waves is considered from the point of view of the late time\nsteady state achieved by free decay of a given initial state. Statistical\nequilibrium equations respecting all conservation laws are constructed,\ngeneralizing those derived previously for 2D inviscid Euler flow. Jet-like\nsolutions are ubiquitous, with large coherent vortices existing only when there\nis uniform background flow with the precise velocity to cancel the beta effect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multivariable Optimization: Quantum Annealing & Computation: Recent developments in quantum annealing techniques have been indicating\npotential advantage of quantum annealing for solving NP-hard optimization\nproblems. In this article we briefly indicate and discuss the beneficial\nfeatures of quantum annealing techniques and compare them with those of\nsimulated annealing techniques. We then briefly discuss the quantum annealing\nstudies of some model spin glass and kinetically constrained systems.",
        "positive": "State dependent diffusion in a bistable potential: conditional\n  probabilities and escape rates: We consider a simple model of a bistable system under the influence of\nmultiplicative noise. We provide a path integral representation of the\noverdamped Langevin dynamics and compute conditional probabilities and escape\nrates in the weak noise approximation. The saddle-point solution of the\nfunctional integral is given by a diluted gas of instantons and\nanti-instantons, similarly to the additive noise problem. However, in this\ncase, the integration over fluctuations is more involved. We introduce a local\ntime reparametrization that allows its computation in the form of usual\nGaussian integrals. We found corrections to the Kramers' escape rate produced\nby the diffusion function which governs the state dependent diffusion for\narbitrary values of the stochastic prescription parameter. Theoretical results\nare confirmed through numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation of the Ising spin system coupled to a bosonic bath and the\n  time dependent mean field equation: The Ising model doesn't have a strictly defined dynamics, only a spectrum.\nThere are different ways to equip it with a time dependence e.g. the Glauber or\nthe Kawasaki dynamics, which are both stochastic, but it means there is a\nmaster equation which can also describes their dynamics. We present a\nGluber-type master equation derived from the Redfield equation, where the spin\nsystem is coupled to a bosonic bath. We derive a time dependent mean field\nequation which describes the relaxation of the spin system at finite\ntemperature. Using the fully connected, uniform Ising model the relaxation time\nwill be studied, and the critical behaviour around the critical temperature.\nThe master equation shows the finite size effects, and the mean field equation\nthe thermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "Universal Bounds on Fluctuations in Continuous Thermal Machines: We study bounds on ratios of fluctuations in steady-state time-reversal heat\nengines controlled by multi affinities. In the linear response regime, we prove\nthat the relative fluctuations (precision) of the output current (power) is\nalways lower-bounded by the relative fluctuations of the input current (heat\ncurrent absorbed from the hot bath). As a consequence, the ratio between the\nfluctuations of the output and input currents are bounded both from above and\nbelow, where the lower (upper) bound is determined by the square of the\naveraged efficiency (square of the Carnot efficiency) of the engine. The\nsaturation of the lower bound is achieved in the tight-coupling limit when the\ndeterminant of the Onsager response matrix vanishes. Our analysis can be\napplied to different operational regimes, including engines, refrigerators, and\nheat pumps. We illustrate our findings in two types of continuous engines:\ntwo-terminal coherent thermoelectric junctions and three-terminal quantum\nabsorption refrigerators. Numerical simulations in the far-from-equilibrium\nregime suggest that these bounds apply more broadly, beyond linear response."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic interpretation of the uniformity of the phase space\n  probability measure: Uniformity of the probability measure of phase space is considered in the\nframework of classical equilibrium thermodynamics. For the canonical and the\ngrand canonical ensembles, relations are given between the phase space\nuniformities and thermodynamic potentials, their fluctuations and correlations.\nFor the binary system in the vicinity of the critical point the uniformity is\ninterpreted in terms of temperature dependent rates of phases of well defined\nuniformities. Examples of a liquid-gas system and the mass spectrum of nuclear\nfragments are presented.",
        "positive": "A thermal form factor series for the longitudinal two-point function of\n  the Heisenberg-Ising chain in the antiferromagnetic massive regime: We consider the longitudinal dynamical two-point function of the XXZ quantum\nspin chain in the antiferromagnetic massive regime. It has a series\nrepresentation based on the form factors of the quantum transfer matrix of the\nmodel. The $n$th summand of the series is a multiple integral accounting for\nall $n$-particle $n$-hole excitations of the quantum transfer matrix. In\nprevious works the expressions for the form factor amplitudes appearing under\nthe integrals were either again represented as multiple integrals or in terms\nof Fredholm determinants. Here we obtain a representation which reduces, in the\nzero-temperature limit, essentially to a product of two determinants of finite\nmatrices whose entries are known special functions. This will facilitate the\nfurther analysis of the correlation function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation and Loop Statistics in Complex Networks: Complex networks display various types of percolation transitions. We show\nthat the degree distribution and the degree-degree correlation alone are not\nsufficient to describe diverse percolation critical phenomena. This suggests\nthat a genuine structural correlation is an essential ingredient in\ncharacterizing networks. As a signature of the correlation we investigate a\nscaling behavior in $M_N(h)$, the number of finite loops of size $h$, with\nrespect to a network size $N$. We find that networks, whose degree\ndistributions are not too broad, fall into two classes exhibiting $M_N(h)\\sim\n({constant})$ and $M_N(h) \\sim (\\ln N)^\\psi$, respectively. This classification\ncoincides with the one according to the percolation critical phenomena.",
        "positive": "A theory for the stabilization of polar crystal surfaces by a liquid\n  environment: Polar crystal surfaces play an important role in the functionality of many\nmaterials, and have been studied extensively over many decades. In this\narticle, a theoretical framework is presented that extends existing theories by\nplacing the surrounding solution environment on an equal footing with the\ncrystal itself; this is advantageous, e.g., when considering processes such as\ncrystal growth from solution. By considering the polar crystal as a stack of\nparallel plate capacitors immersed in a solution environment, the equilibrium\nadsorbed surface charge density is derived by minimizing the free energy of the\nsystem. In analogy to the well-known diverging surface energy of a polar\ncrystal surface at zero temperature, for a crystal in solution it is shown that\nthe \"polar catastrophe\" manifests as a diverging free energy cost to perturb\nthe system from equilibrium. Going further than existing theories, the present\nformulation predicts that fluctuations in the adsorbed surface charge density\nbecome increasingly suppressed with increasing crystal thickness. We also show\nhow, in the slab geometry often employed in both theoretical and computational\nstudies of interfaces, an electric displacement field emerges as an\nelectrostatic boundary condition, the origins of which are rooted in the slab\ngeometry itself, rather than the use of periodic boundary conditions. This\naspect of the work provides a firmer theoretical basis for the recent\nobservation that standard \"slab corrections\" fail to correctly describe, even\nqualitatively, polar crystal surfaces in solution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "3D Ising System in an External Field. Recurrence Relations for the\n  Asymmetric $\u03c1^6$ Model: The 3D one-component spin system in an external magnetic field is studied\nusing the collective variables method. The integration of the partition\nfunction of the system over the phase space layers is performed in the\napproximation of the sextic measure density including the even and the odd\npowers of the variable (the asymmetric $\\rho^6$ model). The general recurrence\nrelations between the coefficients of the effective measure densities are\nobtained. The new functions appearing in these recurrence relations are given\nin the form of a convergent series.",
        "positive": "The thermohydrodynamical picture of a charged Brownian particle: We study a charged Brownian gas with a non uniform bath temperature, and\npresent a thermohydrodynamical picture. Expansion on the collision time probes\nthe validity of the local equilibrium approach and the relevant thermodynamical\nvariables. For the linear regime we present several applications (including\nsome novel results). For the lowest nonlinear expansion and uniform bath\ntemperature we compute the gradient corrections to the local equilibrium\napproach and the fundamental (Smoluchowsky) equation for the nonequilibrium\nparticle density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Point-occurrence self-similarity in crackling-noise systems and in other\n  complex systems: It has been recently found that a number of systems displaying crackling\nnoise also show a remarkable behavior regarding the temporal occurrence of\nsuccessive events versus their size: a scaling law for the probability\ndistributions of waiting times as a function of a minimum size is fulfilled,\nsignaling the existence on those systems of self-similarity in time-size. This\nproperty is also present in some non-crackling systems. Here, the uncommon\ncharacter of the scaling law is illustrated with simple marked renewal\nprocesses, built by definition with no correlations. Whereas processes with a\nfinite mean waiting time do not fulfill a scaling law in general and tend\ntowards a Poisson process in the limit of very high sizes, processes without a\nfinite mean tend to another class of distributions, characterized by double\npower-law waiting-time densities. This is somehow reminiscent of the\ngeneralized central limit theorem. A model with short-range correlations is not\nable to escape from the attraction of those limit distributions. A discussion\non open problems in the modeling of these properties is provided.",
        "positive": "Bethe-Boltzmann Hydrodynamics and Spin Transport in the XXZ Chain: Quantum integrable systems, such as the interacting Bose gas in one dimension\nand the XXZ quantum spin chain, have an extensive number of local conserved\nquantities that endow them with exotic thermalization and transport properties.\nWe discuss recently introduced hydrodynamic approaches for such integrable\nsystems from the viewpoint of kinetic theory and extend the previous works by\nproposing a numerical scheme to solve the hydrodynamic equations for finite\ntimes and arbitrary locally equilibrated initial conditions. We then discuss\nhow such methods can be applied to describe non-equilibrium steady states\ninvolving ballistic heat and spin currents. In particular, we show that the\nspin Drude weight in the XXZ chain, previously accessible only by rigorous\ntechniques of limited scope or controversial thermodynamic Bethe ansatz\narguments, may be evaluated from hydrodynamics in very good agreement with\ndensity-matrix renormalization group calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "High-Precision Thermodynamic and Critical Properties from Tensor\n  Renormalization-Group Flows: The recently developed tensor renormalization-group (TRG) method provides a\nhighly precise technique for deriving thermodynamic and critical properties of\nlattice Hamiltonians. The TRG is a local coarse-graining transformation, with\nthe elements of the tensor at each lattice site playing the part of the\ninteractions that undergo the renormalization-group flows. These tensor flows\nare directly related to the phase diagram structure of the infinite system,\nwith each phase flowing to a distinct surface of fixed points. Fixed-point\nanalysis and summation along the flows give the critical exponents, as well as\nthermodynamic functions along the entire temperature range. Thus, for the\nferromagnetic triangular lattice Ising model, the free energy is calculated to\nbetter than 10^-5 along the entire temperature range. Unlike previous\nposition-space renormalization-group methods, the truncation (of the tensor\nindex range D) in this general method converges under straightforward and\nsystematic improvements. Our best results are easily obtained with D = 24,\ncorresponding to 4624-dimensional renormalization-group flows.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Emergence of a Brownian Motor: Human-created engines and evolutionarily optimized molecular motors exhibit\nsophisticated design in order to harvest chemical or thermal energy for\ngenerating unidirectional motion. The complexity of these motors makes their\nrandom emergence unlikely. Molecules capable of locomotion, however, seem to be\nessential to the creation of the first self-replicator and initiation of\nDarwinian evolution, posing a question of the physical mechanism that can\nfacilitate emergence of directed motion in an isotropic environment. Here we\nshow a universal thermodynamic mechanism for spontaneous emergence of motor\nabilities in a mechanical system. A non-equilibrium system with multiple\ndegrees of freedom develops symmetry breaking that favors rectification of\nenvironmental thermal fluctuations. The corresponding velocities and its\nfluctuations are calculated. Homochirality of living matter is explained as\nchirality breaking resulting from the emergence of a motor. Universality of the\nresults provides a general extension of the Onsager relations to the non-linear\nregime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Relaxation theory for perturbed many-body quantum systems\n  versus numerics and experiment\": In a recent Letter [Dabelow and Reimann, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 120602\n(2020)], a perturbative relaxation theory is applied to the Bose-Hubbard model\nand compared to data from a quantum simulator experiment [Trotzky et al. Nature\nPhys 8, 325 (2012)]. In this Comment, I argue that the discrepancy found is due\nto the quasi-local observable measured in the experiment being affected by a\nharmonic trapping potential that is unaccounted for in the analytic\ncalculation. I support my claim with quasi-exact numerics computed using a\nparallel time-evolving block decimation algorithm (TEBD), and show that the\nrelaxation theory gives accurate results in the correct limit when compared to\nan appropriate local observable. Finally, I note that my numerics disagree with\nthe t-DMRG calculations of Trotzky et al. but give better qualitative agreement\nwith their experimental results.",
        "positive": "Group action Markov chain Monte Carlo for accelerated sampling of energy\n  landscapes with discrete symmetries and energy barriers: Monte Carlo sampling of the canonical distribution presents a formidable\nchallenge when the potential energy landscape is characterized by a large\nnumber of local minima separated by high barriers. The principal observation of\nthis work is that the multiple local minima and energy barriers in a landscape\ncan often occur as a result of discrete symmetries in the potential energy\nfunction. A new Monte Carlo method is proposed, group action Markov chain Monte\nCarlo (GA-MCMC), which augments more conventional trial moves (e.g. random\njumps, hybrid Monte Carlo, etc.) with the application of a group action from a\nwell-chosen generating set of the discrete symmetry group; the result is a\nframework for symmetry-adapted MCMC. It is shown that conventional trial moves\nare generally optimal for \"local mixing\" rates, i.e. sampling a single energy\nwell; whereas the group action portion of the GA-MCMC trial move allows the\nMarkov chain to propagate between energy wells and can vastly improve the rate\nof \"global mixing\". The proposed method is compared with standard jumps and\numbrella sampling (a popular alternative for energy landscapes with barriers)\nfor potential energies with translational, reflection, and rotational\nsymmetries. GA-MCMC is shown to consistently outperform the considered\nalternatives, even when the symmetry of the potential energy function is\nbroken. The work culminates by extending GA-MCMC to a clustering-type algorithm\nfor interacting dielectric polymer chains. Not only does GA-MCMC again\noutperform the considered alternatives, but it is the only method which\nconsistently converges for all of the cases considered. Some new and\ninteresting phenomena regarding the electro-elasticity of dielectric polymer\nchains, unveiled via GA-MCMC, is briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Some Minimal Notes on Notation and Minima: A Comment on \"How Particular\n  is the Physics of the Free Energy Principle?\" by Aguilera, Millidge,\n  Tschantz, and Buckley: We comment on a technical critique of the free energy principle in linear\nsystems by Aguilera, Millidge, Tschantz, and Buckley, entitled \"How Particular\nis the Physics of the Free Energy Principle?\" Aguilera and colleagues identify\nan ambiguity in the flow of the mode of a system, and we discuss the context\nfor this ambiguity in earlier papers, and their proposal of a more adequate\ninterpretation of these equations. Following that, we discuss a\nmisinterpretation in their treatment of surprisal and variational free energy,\nespecially with respect to their gradients and their minima. In sum, we argue\nthat the results in the target paper are accurate and stand up to rigorous\nscrutiny; we also highlight that they, nonetheless, do not undermine the FEP.",
        "positive": "Dynamical phase coexistence in the Fredrickson-Andersen model: We analyse a first-order dynamical phase transition that takes place in the\nFredrickson--Andersen (FA) model. We construct a two-dimensional spin system\nwhose thermodynamic properties reproduce the dynamical large deviations of the\nFA model and we analyse this system numerically, comparing our results with\nfinite-size scaling theory. This allows us to rationalise recent results for\nthe FA model, including the exponential divergence of its susceptibility at\nphase coexistence. We also discuss a simple interfacial model that reproduces\nquantitatively the behaviour of the FA model at coexistence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Semi-classical theory for quantum quenches in the O(3) non-linear sigma\n  model: We use the semi-classical approach to study the non-equilibrium dynamics of\nthe O(3) non-linear sigma model. For a class of quenches defined in the text,\nwe obtain the order parameter dynamical correlator in the thermodynamic limit.\nIn particular we predict quench-dependent relaxation times and correlation\nlengths. The approach developed for the O(3) non-linear sigma model can also be\napplied to the transverse field Ising chain, where the semi-classical results\ncan be directly compared to both the exact and the numerical ones, revealing\nthe limits of the method.",
        "positive": "Universal aspects of vacancy-mediated disordering dynamics: the effect\n  of external fields: We investigate the disordering of an initially phase-segregated binary alloy,\ndue to a highly mobile defect which couples to an electric or gravitational\nfield. Using both mean-field and Monte Carlo methods, we show that the late\nstages of this process exhibit dynamic scaling, characterized by a set of\nexponents and scaling functions. A new scaling variable emerges, associated\nwith the field. While the scaling functions carry information about the field\nand the boundary conditions, the exponents are universal. They can be computed\nanalytically, in excellent agreement with simulation results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superstatistical generalised Langevin equation: non-Gaussian\n  viscoelastic anomalous diffusion: Recent advances in single particle tracking and supercomputing techniques\ndemonstrate the emergence of normal or anomalous, viscoelastic diffusion in\nconjunction with non-Gaussian distributions in soft, biological, and active\nmatter systems. We here formulate a stochastic model based on a generalised\nLangevin equation in which non-Gaussian shapes of the probability density\nfunction and normal or anomalous diffusion have a common origin, namely a\nrandom parametrisation of the stochastic force. We perform a detailed\nanalytical analysis demonstrating how various types of parameter distributions\nfor the memory kernel result in the exponential, power law, or power-log law\ntails of the memory functions. The studied system is also shown to exhibit a\nfurther unusual property: the velocity has a Gaussian one point probability\ndensity but non-Gaussian joint distributions. This behaviour is reflected in\nrelaxation from Gaussian to non-Gaussian distribution observed for the position\nvariable. We show that our theoretical results are in excellent agreement with\nMonte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Surface and bulk entanglement in free-fermion chains: We consider free-fermion chains where full and empty parts are connected by a\ntransition region with narrow surfaces. This can be caused by a linear\npotential or by time evolution from a step-like initial state. Entanglement\nspectra, entanglement entropies and fluctuations are determined for subsystems\neither in the surface region or extending into the bulk. In all cases there is\nlogarithmic behaviour in the subsystem size, but the prefactors in the surface\ndiffer from those in the bulk by 3/2. A previous fluctuation result is\ncorrected and a general scaling formula is inferred from the data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of the isotropic majority-vote model on complete graphs: The isotropic majority-vote (MV) model which, apart from the one-dimensional\ncase, is thought to be non-equilibrium and violating the detailed balance\ncondition. We show that this is not true, when the model is defined on a\ncomplete graph. In the stationary regime, the MV model on a fully connected\ngraph fulfills the detailed balance. We derive the exact expression for the\nprobability distribution of finding the system in a given spin configuration.\nWe show that it only depends on the absolute value of magnetization. Our\ntheoretical predictions are validated by numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Dynamical aspects of inextensible chains: In the present work the dynamics of a continuous inextensible chain is\nstudied. The chain is regarded as a system of small particles subjected to\nconstraints on their reciprocal distances. It is proposed a treatment of\nsystems of this kind based on a set Langevin equations in which the noise is\ncharacterized by a non-gaussian probability distribution. The method is\nexplained in the case of a freely hinged chain. In particular, the generating\nfunctional of the correlation functions of the relevant degrees of freedom\nwhich describe the conformations of this chain is derived. It is shown that in\nthe continuous limit this generating functional coincides with a model of an\ninextensible chain previously discussed by one of the authors of this work.\nNext, the approach developed here is applied to a inextensible chain, called\nthe freely jointed bar chain, in which the basic units are small extended\nobjects. The generating functional of the freely jointed bar chain is\nconstructed. It is shown that it differs profoundly from that of the freely\nhinged chain. Despite the differences, it is verified that in the continuous\nlimit both generating functionals coincide as it is expected."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hyperuniformity and anti-hyperuniformity in one-dimensional substitution\n  tilings: We consider the scaling properties characterizing the hyperuniformity (or\nanti-hyperuniformity) of long wavelength fluctuations in a broad class of\none-dimensional substitution tilings. We present a simple argument that\npredicts the exponent $\\alpha$ governing the scaling of Fourier intensities at\nsmall wavenumbers, tilings with $\\alpha>0$ being hyperuniform, and confirm with\nnumerical computations that the predictions are accurate for quasiperiodic\ntilings, tilings with singular continuous spectra, and limit-periodic tilings.\nTilings with quasiperiodic or singular continuous spectra can be constructed\nwith $\\alpha$ arbitrarily close to any given value between $-1$ and $3$.\nLimit-periodic tilings can be constructed with $\\alpha$ between $-1$ and $1$ or\nwith Fourier intensities that approach zero faster than any power law.",
        "positive": "On the probability distribution of power fluctuations in turbulence: We study local power fluctuations in numerical simulations of stationary,\nhomogeneous, isotropic turbulence in two and three dimensions with Gaussian\nforcing. Due to the near-Gaussianity of the one-point velocity distribution,\nthe probability distribution function (pdf) of the local power is well modelled\nby the pdf of the product of two joint normally distributed variables. In\nappropriate units, this distribution is parameterised only by the mean\ndissipation rate, $\\epsilon$. The large deviation function for this\ndistribution is calculated exactly and shown to satisfy a Fluctuation Relation\n(FR) with a coefficient which depends on $\\epsilon$. This FR is entirely\nstatistical in origin. The deviation from the model pdf are most pronounced for\npositive fluctuations of the power and can be traced to a slightly faster than\nGaussian decay of the tails of the one-point velocity pdf. The resulting\ndeviations from the FR are consistent with several recent experimental studies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Novel criticality in a model with absorbing states: We study a one-dimensional model which undergoes a transition between an\nactive and an absorbing phase. Monte Carlo simulations supported by some\nadditional arguments prompted as to predict the exact location of the critical\npoint and critical exponents in this model. The exponents $\\delta=0.5$ and\n$z=2$ follows from random-walk-type arguments. The exponents $\\beta =\n\\nu_{\\perp}$ are found to be non-universal and encoded in the singular part of\nreactivation probability, as recently discussed by H. Hinrichsen\n(cond-mat/0008179). A related model with quenched randomness is also studied.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium reversible dynamics of work production in four-spin\n  system in a magnetic field: A closed system of the equations for the local Bloch vectors and spin\ncorrelation functions is obtained by decomplexification of the Liouville-von\nNeumann equation for 4 magnetic particles with the exchange interaction that\ntakes place in an arbitrary time-dependent external magnetic field. The\nanalytical and numerical analysis of the quantum thermodynamic variables is\ncarried out depending on separable mixed initial state and the magnetic field\nmodulation. Under unitary evolution, non-equilibrium reversible dynamics of\npower production in the finite environment is investigated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modifying continuous-time random walks to model finite-size particle\n  diffusion in granular porous media: The continuous-time random walk (CTRW) model is useful for alleviating the\ncomputational burden of simulating diffusion in actual media. In principle,\nisotropic CTRW only requires knowledge of the step-size, $P_l$, and\nwaiting-time, $P_t$, distributions of the random walk in the medium and it then\ngenerates presumably equivalent walks in free space, which are much faster.\nHere we test the usefulness of CTRW to modelling diffusion of finite-size\nparticles in porous medium generated by loose granular packs. This is done by\nfirst simulating the diffusion process in a model porous medium of mean\ncoordination number, which corresponds to marginal rigidity (the loosest\npossible structure), computing the resulting distributions $P_l$ and $P_t$ as\nfunctions of the particle size, and then using these as input for a free space\nCTRW. The CTRW walks are then compared to the ones simulated in the actual\nmedia.\n  In particular, we study the normal-to-anomalous transition of the diffusion\nas a function of increasing particle size. We find that, given the same $P_l$\nand $P_t$ for the simulation and the CTRW, the latter predicts incorrectly the\nsize at which the transition occurs. We show that the discrepancy is related to\nthe dependence of the effective connectivity of the porous media on the\ndiffusing particle size, which is not captured simply by these distributions.\n  We propose a correcting modification to the CTRW model -- adding anisotropy\n-- and show that it yields good agreement with the simulated diffusion process.\nWe also present a method to obtain $P_l$ and $P_t$ directly from the porous\nsample, without having to simulate an actual diffusion process. This extends\nthe use of CTRW, with all its advantages, to modelling diffusion processes of\nfinite-size particles in such confined geometries.",
        "positive": "Off-equilibrium scaling driven by a time-dependent magnetic field in\n  O(N) vector models: We investigate the off-equilibrium dynamics of a spin system with O($N$)\nsymmetry in $2 < d < 4$ spatial dimensions arising by the presence of a slowly\nvarying time-dependent magnetic field $h(t,t_s) \\sim t/t_s$, $t_s$ is a time\nscale, at the critical temperature $T = T_c$ and below it $T < T_c$. After\nshowing the general theory, we demonstrate the off-equilibrium scaling and we\nformally compute the correlation functions in the limit of large $N$. We derive\nthe off-equilibrium scaling relations for the hysteresis loop area and for the\nmagnetic work done by the system when the magnetic field $h(t,t_s)$ is varied\nacross the phase transitions cyclically in time. We also investigate the first\ndeviations from the equilibrium behavior in the correlation functions checking\nthe consistence for an exponential approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical evidence for a Haagerup conformal field theory: We numerically study an anyon chain based on the Haagerup fusion category,\nand find evidence that it leads in the long-distance limit to a conformal field\ntheory whose central charge is $\\sim 2$. Fusion categories generalize the\nconcept of finite group symmetries to non-invertible symmetry operations, and\nthe Haagerup fusion category is the simplest one which comes neither from\nfinite groups nor affine Lie algebras. As such, ours is the first example of\nconformal field theories which have truly exotic generalized symmetries.",
        "positive": "Velocity Distribution for Strings in Phase Ordering Kinetics: The continuity equations expressing conservation of string defect charge can\nbe used to find an explicit expression for the string velocity field in terms\nof the order parameter in the case of an O(n) symmetric time-dependent\nGinzburg-Landau model. This expression for the velocity is used to find the\nstring velocity probability distribution in the case of phase-ordering kinetics\nfor a nonconserved order parameter. For long times $t$ after the quench,\nvelocities scale as $t^{-1/2}$. There is a large velocity tail in the\ndistribution corresponding to annihilation of defects which goes as\n$V^{-(2d+2-n)}$ for both point and string defects in $d$ spatial dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Role of sufficient statistics in stochastic thermodynamics and its\n  implication to sensory adaptation: A sufficient statistic is a significant concept in statistics, which means a\nprobability variable that has sufficient information required for an inference\ntask. We investigate the roles of sufficient statistics and related quantities\nin stochastic thermodynamics. Specifically, we prove that for general\ncontinuous-time bipartite networks, the existence of a sufficient statistic\nimplies that an informational quantity called the sensory capacity takes the\nmaximum. Since the maximal sensory capacity imposes a constraint that the\nenergetic efficiency cannot exceed one-half, our result implies that the\nexistence of a sufficient statistic is inevitably accompanied by energetic\ndissipation. We also show that, in a particular parameter region of linear\nLangevin systems, there exists the optimal noise intensity, at which the\nsensory capacity, the information-thermodynamic efficiency, and the total\nentropy production are optimized at the same time. We apply our general result\nto a model of sensory adaptation of E. Coli, and find that the sensory capacity\nis nearly maximal with experimentally realistic parameters, suggesting that E.\nColi approximately realizes a sufficient statistic in signal transduction at\nthe cost of energetic dissipation.",
        "positive": "Renormalization group approach to unified description of continuous and\n  the first order phase transitions: application to the Blume-Capel model: The renormalization group (RG) equation in the self-consistent local\npotential approximation (SC-LPA) suggested earlier for the description of\ncontinuous phase transitions in lattice models of the Landau-Ginzburg type has\nbeen applied to the solution of the spin-1 Blume-Capel model on the simple\ncubic lattice. The calculated transition temperatures of both continuous and\nthe first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) in zero external field have been\nfound to be in excellent agreement with the best available estimates. It has\nbeen argued that the SC-LPA RG equation may give more accurate and complete\ndescription of the FOPTs than those reported in alternative approaches. It has\nbeen shown that the SC-LPA RG equation can be cast in the form of the\ngeneralized Burgers' equation (GBE). In this formulation of the RG the FOPTs\nhave been shown to assume the form of the shock-wave solutions of GBE in the\ninviscid limit. Universality of the RG flow in the vicinity of the fixed point\ndescribing FOPTs has been discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brain activity vs. seismicity: Scaling and memory: The brain activity and seismicity share a remarkable similarity. The\nGutenberg-Richter law describing a power-law relation between the frequency of\nearthquake occurrence and released energy has its counterpart in the brain\nactivity of a patient with epilepsy, that is, the distribution of fluctuations\nof the voltage difference measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) also obeys a\nGutenberg-Richter-like power law. The similarity in the distributions, however,\ndoes not directly tell if the processes underlying these intermittent phenomena\nare also similar to each other. Here, a new simple method is presented for\nquantitative evaluation of (non-)Markovianity and is applied to the processes\nof released energy in seismicity and fluctuation of the voltage difference in\nEEG data. It is shown that the process in seismicity is almost memoryless,\nwhereas that in EEG has long-term memory.",
        "positive": "The Mode-Coupling Theory of the Glass Transition: We give a brief introduction to the mode-coupling theory of the glass\ntransition, a theory which was proposed a while ago to describe the dynamics of\nsupercooled liquids. After presenting the basic equations of the theory, we\nreview some of its predictions and compare these with results of experiments\nand computer simulations. We conclude that the theory is able to describe the\ndynamics of supercooled liquids in remarkably great detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Breakdown of Hydrodynamics in a Simple One-Dimensional Fluid: We investigate the behavior of a one-dimensional diatomic fluid under a shock\nwave excitation. We find that the properties of the resulting shock wave are in\nstriking contrast with those predicted by hydrodynamic and kinetic approaches,\ne.g., the hydrodynamic profiles relax algebraically toward their equilibrium\nvalues. Deviations from local thermodynamic equilibrium are persistent,\ndecaying as a power law of the distance to the shock layer. Non-equipartition\nis observed infinitely far from the shock wave, and the velocity-distribution\nmoments exhibit multiscaling. These results question the validity of simple\nhydrodynamic theories to understand collective behavior in 1d fluids.",
        "positive": "Transport and Helfand moments in the Lennard-Jones fluid. I. Shear\n  viscosity: We propose a new method, the Helfand-moment method, to compute the shear\nviscosity by equilibrium molecular dynamics in periodic systems. In this\nmethod, the shear viscosity is written as an Einstein-like relation in terms of\nthe variance of the so-called Helfand moment. This quantity, is modified in\norder to satisfy systems with periodic boundary conditions usually considered\nin molecular dynamics. We calculate the shear viscosity in the Lennard-Jones\nfluid near the triple point thanks to this new technique. We show that the\nresults of the Helfand-moment method are in excellent agreement with the\nresults of the standard Green-Kubo method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometry and Thermodynamic Fluctuations of the Ising Model on a Bethe\n  Lattice: A metric is introduced on the two dimensional space of parameters describing\nthe Ising model on a Bethe lattice of co-ordination number q. The geometry\nassociated with this metric is analysed and it is shown that the Gaussian\ncurvature diverges at the critical point. For the special case q=2 the\ncurvature reduces to an already known result for the one dimensional Ising\nmodel. The Gaussian curvature is also calculated for a general ferro-magnet\nnear its critical point, generalising a previous result for t>0. The general\nexpression near a critical point is compared with the specific case of the\nBethe lattice and a subtlety, associated with the fact that the specific heat\nexponent for the Bethe lattice vanishes, is resolved.",
        "positive": "Kinetic Temperatures for a Granular Mixture: An isolated mixture of smooth, inelastic hard spheres supports a homogeneous\ncooling state with different kinetic temperatures for each species. This\nphenomenon is explored here by molecular dynamics simulation of a two component\nfluid, with comparison to predictions of the Enskog kinetic theory. The ratio\nof kinetic temperatures is studied for two values of the restitution\ncoefficient, $\\alpha =0.95$ and 0.80, as a function of mass ratio, size ratio,\ncomposition, and density. Good agreement between theory and simulation is found\nfor the lower densities and higher restitution coefficient; significant\ndisagreement is observed otherwise. The phenomenon of different temperatures is\nalso discussed for driven systems, as occurs in recent experiments. Differences\nbetween the freely cooling state and driven steady states are illustrated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling Relations for Watersheds: We study the morphology of watersheds in two and three dimensional systems\nsubjected to different degrees of spatial correlations. The response of these\nobjects to small, local perturbations is also investigated with extensive\nnumerical simulations. We find the fractal dimension of the watersheds to\ngenerally decrease with the Hurst exponent, which quantifies the degree of\nspatial correlations. Moreover, in two dimensions, our results match the range\nof fractal dimensions $1.10 \\leq d_f \\leq 1.15$ observed for natural\nlandscapes. We report that the watershed is strongly affected by local\nperturbations. For perturbed two and three dimensional systems, we observe a\npower-law scaling behavior for the distribution of areas (volumes) enclosed by\nthe original and the displaced watershed, and for the distribution of distances\nbetween outlets. Finite-size effects are analyzed and the resulting scaling\nexponents are shown to depend significantly on the Hurst exponent. The\nintrinsic relation between watershed and invasion percolation, as well as\nrelations between exponents conjectured in previous studies with two\ndimensional systems, are now confirmed by our results in three dimensions.",
        "positive": "Fractal Plate Tectonics: We analyze in details the statistical significance of the claim by Bird\n[2002] of a power law distribution of plate areas covering the Earth and\nconfirm that the power law with exponent 0.25 +- 0.05 is the most robust and\nparsimonious model for all plates, including the very largest plates, when\ntaking into account the constraint that the plates areas must sum up to 4 pi\nsteradians. We propose a general class of fragmentation models that rationalize\nthis observation and discuss the implications for the earth dynamics and the\ngeneral self-organization of tectonic deformations at multiple scales."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Directional search-and-capture model of cytoneme-based morphogenesis: In this paper we develop a directional search-and-capture model of\ncytoneme-based morphogenesis. We consider a single cytoneme nucleating from a\nsource cell and searching for a set of $N$ target cells $\\Omega_k\\subset \\R^d$,\n$k=1,\\ldots,N$, with $d\\geq 2$. We assume that each time the cytoneme\nnucleates, it grows in a random direction so that the probability of being\noriented towards the $k$-th target is $p_k$ with $\\sum_{k=1}^Np_k<1$. Hence,\nthere is a non-zero probability of failure to find a target unless there is\nsome mechanism for returning to the nucleation site and subsequently nucleating\nin a new direction. We model the latter as a one-dimensional search process\nwith stochastic resetting, finite returns times and refractory periods. We use\na renewal method to calculate the splitting probabilities and conditional mean\nfirst passage times (MFPTs) for the cytoneme to be captured by a given target\ncell. We then determine the steady-state accumulation of morphogen over the set\nof target cells following multiple rounds of search-and-capture events and\nmorphogen degradation. This then yields the corresponding morphogen gradient\nacross the set of target cells, whose steepness depends on the resetting rate.\nWe illustrate the theory by considering a single layer of target cells, and\ndiscuss the extension to multiple cytonemes.",
        "positive": "Quantized information states in non-equilibrium thermodynamic systems: Based on (i) the Shannon information, (ii) the energy-time quantization\nrelation, and (iii) the quasi-static information-energy correspondence, a\nmethod for the quantization of information states in systems away from\nequilibrium is presented given the distance from equilibrium and the mean\ntemperature of the environment are known as a function of time. The method is\napplied to the case of the expanding universe in order to find the\neigen-informations of long-lived structures that are supported by the universe\nand the local environments therein at any given epoch, thus providing a\nquantitative basis for the rise of complexity with time that embodies the\ncosmic evolution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topology and Phase Transitions: towards a proper mathematical definition\n  of finite N transitions: A new point of view about the deep origin of thermodynamic phase transitions\nis sketched. The main idea is to link the appearance of phase transitions to\nsome major topology change of suitable submanifolds of phase space instead of\nlinking them to non-analyticity, as is usual in the Yang-Lee and in the\nDobrushin-Ruelle-Sinai theories. In the new framework a new possibility appears\nto properly define a mathematical counterpart of phase transitions also at\nfinite number of degrees of freedom. This is of prospective interest to the\nstudy of those systems that challenge the conventional approaches, as is the\ncase of phase transitions in nuclear clusters.",
        "positive": "Coalescence Model of Rock-Paper-Scissors Particles: The rock-paper-scissors game, commonly played in East Asia, gives a simple\nmodel to understand physical, biological, psychological and other problems. The\ninteracting rock-paper-scissors particle system is a point of contact between\nthe kinetic theory of gases by Maxwell and Boltzmann ( collision model) and the\ncoagulation theory by Smoluchowski ( coalescence model). A $2s+1$ types\nextended rock-paper-scissors collision model naturally introduces a nonlinear\nintegrable system. The time evolution of the $2s+1$ types extended\nrock-paper-scissors coalescence model is obtained from the logarithmic time\nchange of the nonlinear integrable system. We also discuss the behavior of a\ndiscrete rock-paper-scissors coalescence model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transition from Static to Dynamic Friction in an Array of Frictional\n  Disks: The nature of an instability that controls the transition from static to\ndynamical friction is studied in the the context of an array of frictional\ndisks that are pressed from above on a substrate. In this case the forces are\nall explicit and Newtonian dynamics can be employed without any\nphenomenological assumptions. We show that an oscillatory instability that had\nbeen discovered recently is responsible for the transition, allowing individual\ndisks to spontaneously reach the Coulomb limit and slide with dynamic friction.\nThe transparency of the model allows a full understanding of the phenomenon,\nincluding the speeds of the waves that travel from the trailing to the leading\nedge and vice versa.",
        "positive": "Path integrals and stochastic calculus: Path integrals are a ubiquitous tool in theoretical physics. However, their\nuse is sometimes hindered by the lack of control on various manipulations --\nsuch as performing a change of the integration path -- one would like to carry\nout in the light-hearted fashion that physicists enjoy. Similar issues arise in\nthe field of stochastic calculus, which we review to prepare the ground for a\nproper construction of path integrals. At the level of path integration, and in\narbitrary space dimension, we not only report on existing Riemannian\ngeometry-based approaches that render path integrals amenable to the standard\nrules of calculus, but also bring forth new routes, based on a fully\ntime-discretized approach, that achieve the same goal. We illustrate these\nvarious definitions of path integration on simple examples such as the\ndiffusion of a particle on a sphere."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Real-space condensation of reciprocal active particles driven by\n  spontaneous symmetry breaking induced nonreciprocity: We investigate the steady-state and dynamical properties of a reciprocal\nmany-body system consisting of self-propelled active particles with local\nalignment interactions that exists within a fan-shaped neighborhood of each\nparticle. We find that the nonreciprocity can emerge in this reciprocal system\nonce the spontaneous symmetry breaking is present, and the effective\ndescription of the system assumes a non-Hermitian structure that directly\noriginates from the emergent nonreciprocity. This emergent nonreciprocity can\nimpose strong influences on the properties the system. In particular, it can\neven drive a real-space condensation of active particles. Our findings pave the\nway for identifying a new class of physics in reciprocal systems that is driven\nby the emergent nonreciprocity.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation Theorem for Partially-masked Nonequilibrium Dynamics: We establish a novel generalization of the fluctuation theorem for\npartially-masked nonequilibrium dynamics. We introduce a partial entropy\nproduction with a subset of all possible transitions, and show that the partial\nentropy production satisfies the integral fluctuation theorem.Our result\nreveals the fundamental properties of a broad class of autonomous nanomachines\nas well as non-autonomous ones. In particular, our result gives a unified\nfluctuation theorem for both autonomous and non-autonomous Maxwell's demons,\nwhere mutual information plays a crucial role. Furthermore, we derive a novel\nkind of fluctuation-dissipation theorem that relates nonequilibrium stationary\ncurrent to two kinds of equilibrium fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous transport and relaxation in classical one-dimensional models: After reviewing the main features of anomalous energy transport in 1D\nsystems, we report simulations performed with chains of noisy anharmonic\noscillators. The stochastic terms are added in such a way to conserve total\nenergy and momentum, thus keeping the basic hydrodynamic features of these\nmodels. The addition of this \"conservative noise\" allows to obtain a more\nefficient estimate of the power-law divergence of heat conductivity kappa(L) ~\nL^alpha in the limit of small noise and large system size L. By comparing the\nnumerical results with rigorous predictions obtained for the harmonic chain, we\nshow how finite--size and --time effects can be effectively controlled. For low\nnoise amplitudes, the alpha values are close to 1/3 for asymmetric potentials\nand to 0.4 for symmetric ones. These results support the previously conjectured\ntwo-universality-classes scenario.",
        "positive": "Extreme lattices: symmetries and decorrelations: We study statistical and structural properties of extreme lattices, which are\nthe local minima in the density landscape of lattice sphere packings, in\n$d$-dimensional Euclidean space $\\mathbb{R}^d$. Specifically, we ascertain the\ndistributions of densities, kissing numbers and numbers of symmetries of the\npackings across a wide range of dimensions using the stochastic Voronoi\nalgorithm. The degree to which the packings decorrelate as well as the\ncorrelations between the density maxima as the space dimension increases is\nalso investigated. We find that the extreme lattices decorrelate with\nincreasing dimension, the least symmetric lattices decorrelate faster. The\nextreme lattices in a fixed dimension of space $d$ ($d\\geq 8$) are dominated by\ntypical lattices that have similar packing properties, like packing densities\nand kissing numbers, while the best and the worst packers are in the long tails\nof the distribution of the extreme lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Continuum and lattice heat currents for oscillator chains: We show that two commonly used definitions for the heat current give\ndifferent results--through the Kubo formula--for the heat conductivity of\noscillator chains. The difference exists for finite chains, and is expected to\nbe important more generally for small structures. For a chain of N particles\nthat are tethered at the ends, the ratio of the heat conductivities calculated\nwith the two currents differs from unity by O(1/N). For a chain held at\nconstant pressure, the difference from unity decays more slowly, and is\nconsistent with O(1/N^eta) with 1 > eta > 0.5.",
        "positive": "Multibalance conditions in nonequilibrium steady states: We study a new balance condition multibalance to obtain the nonequilibrium\nsteady states of a class of nonequilibrium lattice models on a ring where a\nparticle hops from a particular site to its nearest and next nearest\nneighbours. For the well-known zero range process (ZRP) with asymmetric hop\nrates, with this balance condition, we obtain the conditions on hop rates that\nlead to a factorized steady state (FSS). We show that this balance condition\ngives the cluster-factorized steady state (CFSS) for finite range process (FRP)\nand other models. We also discuss the application of multibalance condition to\ntwo species FRP model with hop rates ranging up to K nearest neighbours."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The uniformly frustrated two-dimensional XY model in the limit of weak\n  frustration: We consider the two-dimensional uniformly frustrated XY model in the limit of\nsmall frustration, which is equivalent to an XY system, for instance a\nJosephson junction array, in a weak uniform magnetic field applied along a\ndirection orthogonal to the lattice. We show that the uniform frustration\n(equivalently, the magnetic field) destabilizes the line of fixed points which\ncharacterize the critical behaviour of the XY model for T <= T_{KT}, where\nT_{KT} is the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature: the system is\nparamagnetic at any temperature for sufficiently small frustration. We predict\nthe critical behaviour of the correlation length and of gauge-invariant\nmagnetic susceptibilities as the frustration goes to zero. These predictions\nare fully confirmed by the numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Correlations among Vicious Random Walkers: Nonintersecting motion of Brownian particles in one dimension is studied. The\nsystem is constructed as the diffusion scaling limit of Fisher's vicious random\nwalk. N particles start from the origin at time t=0 and then undergo mutually\navoiding Brownian motion until a finite time t=T. In the short time limit $t\n\\ll T$, the particle distribution is asymptotically described by Gaussian\nUnitary Ensemble (GUE) of random matrices. At the end time t = T, it is\nidentical to that of Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble (GOE). The Brownian motion is\ngenerally described by the dynamical correlations among particles at many times\n$t_1,t_2,..., t_M$ between t=0 and t=T. We show that the most general dynamical\ncorrelations among arbitrary number of particles at arbitrary number of times\nare written in the forms of quaternion determinants. Asymptotic forms of the\ncorrelations in the limit $N \\to \\infty$ are evaluated and a discontinuous\ntransition of the universality class from GUE to GOE is observed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Polarised Electromagnetic wave propagation through the ferromagnet:\n  Phase boundary of dynamic phase transition: The dynamical responses of ferromagnet to the propagating electromagnetic\nfield wave passing through it are modelled and studied here by Monte Carlo\nsimulation in two dimensional Ising ferromagnet. Here, the electromagnetic wave\nis linearly polarised in such a way that the direction of magnetic field is\nparallel to that of the magnetic momemts (spins). The coherent propagating mode\nof spin-clusters is observed. The time average magnetisation over the full\ncycle (time) of the field defines the order parameter of the dynamic\ntransition. Depending on the value of the temperature and the amplitude of the\npropagating magnetic field wave, a dynamical phase transition is observed. The\ndynamic transition was detected by studying the temperature dependences of the\ndynamic order parameter, the variance of the dynamic order parameter, the\nderivative of the dynamic order parameter and the dynamic specific heat. The\nphase boundaries of the dynamic transitions were drawn for two different values\nof the wave lengths of the propagating magnetic field wave. The phase boundary\nwas observed to shrink (inward) for lower speed of propagation of the EM wave.\nThe divergence of the releavant length scale was observed at the transition\npoint.",
        "positive": "From equilibrium to non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of liquids: Relevant and fundamental concepts of the statistical mechanical theory of\nclassical liquids are ordinarily introduced in the context of the description\nof thermodynamic equilibrium states. This makes explicit reference to\nprobability distribution functions of \\emph{equilibrium} statistical ensembles\n(canonical, microcanonical, ...) in the derivation of general and fundamental\nrelations between inter-particle interactions and measurable macroscopic\nproperties of a given system. This includes, for instance, expressing the\ninternal energy and the pressure as functionals of the radial distribution\nfunction, or writing transport coefficients (diffusion constant, linear\nviscosity, ...) in terms of integral relations involving both, static and\ndynamic auto-correlation functions (density-density, stress-stress, ...). Most\ncommonly, however, matter is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, and this calls\nfor the extension of these relations to out-of-equilibrium conditions with the\naim of understanding, for example, the time-dependent transient states during\nthe process of equilibration, or the aging of glass- and gel-forming liquids\nduring the formation of non-equilibrium amorphous solid states. In this work we\naddress this issue from both, a general perspective and an illustrative\nconcrete application focused on the first principles description of rheological\nand viscoelastic properties of glass- and gel-forming liquids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anisotropic Condensation of Helium in Nanotube Bundles: Helium atoms are strongly attracted to the interstitial channels within a\nbundle of carbon nanotubes. The strong corrugation of the axial potential\nwithin a channel can produce a lattice gas system where the weak mutual\nattraction between atoms in neighboring channels of a bundle induces\ncondensation into a remarkably anisotropic phase with very low binding energy.\nWe estimate the binding energy and critical temperature for 4He in this novel\nquasi-one-dimensional condensed state. At low temperatures, the specific heat\nof the adsorbate phase (fewer than 2% of the total number of atoms) greatly\nexceeds that of the host material.",
        "positive": "Ising model with a magnetic field: The paper presents the low temperature expansion of the 2D Ising model in the\npresence of the magnetic field in powers of $x=\\exp(-J/(kT))$ and\n$z=\\exp(B/(kT))$ with full polynomials in $z$ up to $x^{88}$ and full\npolynomials in $x^4$ up to $z^{-60}$, in the latter case the polynomials are\nexplicitly given. The new result presented in the paper is an expansion not in\ninverse powers of $z$ but in $(z^2+x^8)^{-k}$ where the subsequent coefficients\n(polynomials in $x^4$) turn out to be divisible by increasing powers of\n$(1-x^4)$. The paper describes both the analytic expansions of the partition\nfunction and the efficient combinatorial methods to get the coefficients of the\nexpansion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimization of finite-size errors in finite-temperature calculations of\n  unordered phases: It is common knowledge that the microcanonical, canonical, and\ngrand-canonical ensembles are equivalent in thermodynamically large systems.\nHere, we study finite-size effects in the latter two ensembles. We show that\ncontrary to naive expectations, finite-size errors are exponentially small in\ngrand canonical ensemble calculations of translationally invariant systems in\nunordered phases at finite temperature. Open boundary conditions and canonical\nensemble calculations suffer from finite-size errors that are only polynomially\nsmall in the system size. We further show that finite-size effects are\ngenerally smallest in numerical linked cluster expansions. Our conclusions are\nsupported by analytical and numerical analyses of classical and quantum\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Universal formulas for percolation thresholds. II. Extension\n  to anisotropic and aperiodic lattices\": Recently S.Galam and A.Mauger [Phys.Rev.E 56, 322 (1997); cond-mat/9706304 ]\nproposed an approximant which relates the bond and the site percolation\nthreshold for a particular lattice. Their formula is based on a fit to exact\nand simulation results obtained earlier for different periodic and aperiodic\nlattices. However, the numerical result for an aperiodic dodecagonal lattice\ndoes not agree well with the proposed formula. I present here new and more\nprecise data for this and other aperiodic lattices. The previously published\nvalue for the dodecagonal lattice is confirmed. The reason for the deviation\nfrom the Galam and Mauger approximant is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random walks on graphs: ideas, techniques and results: Random walks on graphs are widely used in all sciences to describe a great\nvariety of phenomena where dynamical random processes are affected by topology.\nIn recent years, relevant mathematical results have been obtained in this\nfield, and new ideas have been introduced, which can be fruitfully extended to\ndifferent areas and disciplines. Here we aim at giving a brief but\ncomprehensive perspective of these progresses, with a particular emphasis on\nphysical aspects.",
        "positive": "Extreme value problems in Random Matrix Theory and other disordered\n  systems: We review some applications of central limit theorems and extreme values\nstatistics in the context of disordered systems. We discuss several problems,\nin particular concerning Random Matrix Theory and the generalisation of the\nTracy-Widom distribution when the disorder has ``fat tails''. We underline the\nrelevance of power-law tails for Directed Polymers and mean-field Spin Glasses,\nand we point out various open problems and conjectures on these matters. We\nfind that in many instances the assumption of Gaussian disorder cannot be taken\nfor granted."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometric Entropies of Mixing (EOM): Trigonometric and trigonometric-algebraic entropies are introduced.\nRegularity increases the entropy and the maximal entropy is shown to result\nwhen a regular $n$-gon is inscribed in a circle. A regular $n$-gon\ncircumscribing a circle gives the largest entropy reduction, or the smallest\nchange in entropy from the state of maximum entropy which occurs in the\nasymptotic infinite $n$ limit. EOM are shown to correspond to minimum perimeter\nand maximum area in the theory of convex bodies, and can be used in the\nprediction of new inequalities for convex sets. These expressions are shown to\nbe related to the phase functions obtained from the WKB approximation for\nBessel and Hermite functions.",
        "positive": "Upper critical dimension of the KPZ equation: Numerical results for the Directed Polymer model in 1+4 dimensions in various\ntypes of disorder are presented. The results are obtained for system size\nconsiderably larger than that considered previously. For the extreme strong\ndisorder case (Min-Max system), associated with the Directed Percolation model,\nthe expected value of the meandering exponent, zeta = 0.5 is clearly revealed,\nwith very week finite size effects. For the week disorder case, associated with\nthe KPZ equation, finite size effects are stronger, but the value of seta is\nclearly seen in the vicinity of 0.57. In systems with \"strong disorder\" it is\nexpected that the system will cross over sharply from Min-Max behavior at short\nchains to weak disorder behavior at long chains. This is indeed what we find.\nThese results indicate that 1+4 is not the Upper Critical Dimension (UCD) in\nthe week disorder case, and thus 4+1 does not seem to be the upper critical\ndimension for the KPZ equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Motional dispersions and ratchet effect in inertial systems: We obtain ratchet effect in inertial structureless systems in symmetric\nperiodic potentials where the asymmetry comes from the nonuniform friction\noffered by the medium and driven by symmetric periodic forces. In the adiabatic\nlimit the calculations are done by extending the matrix continued fraction\nmethod and also by numerically solving the appropriate Langevin equation. For\nfinite frequency field drive the ratchet effect is obtained only numerically.\nIn the transient time scales the system shows dispersionless behaviour as\nreported earlier when a constant force is applied. In the periodic drive case\nthe dispersion behaviour is more complex. In this brief communication we report\nsome of the results of our work",
        "positive": "Infinite families of fracton fluids with momentum conservation: We construct infinite families of new universality classes of fracton\nhydrodynamics with momentum conservation, both with multipole conservation laws\nand/or subsystem symmetry. We explore the effects of broken inversion and/or\ntime-reversal symmetry at the ideal fluid level, along with momentum\nrelaxation. In the case of one-dimensional multipole-conserving models, we\nwrite down explicit microscopic Hamiltonian systems realizing these new\nuniversality classes. All of these hydrodynamic universality classes exhibit\ninstabilities and will flow to new non-equilibrium fixed points. Such fixed\npoints are predicted to exist in arbitrarily large spatial dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Giant and negative dielectric tunability induced by interfacial\n  polarization in Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)1-xTixO3 single crystals: The giant and negative dielectric tunability of Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)1-xTixO3 single\ncrystals is reported. A low field of 120 V/cm can induce a great reduction of\nthe capacitance, and the tunability is larger than 80% in low frequency range\n(<1 MHz) at room temperature. This giant tunability is ascribed to the\ninterfacial polarization at the interface of electrode/sample. A negative\ndielectric tunability detected only in the tetragonal sample can be also\nattributed to the interfacial polarization. The origin of the giant and\nnegative tunabilities is discussed with the multipolarization-mechanism model\nand equivalent circuit model, respectively.",
        "positive": "Low-Temperature Transport in Out-of-Equilibrium XXZ Chains: We study the low-temperature transport properties of out-of-equilibrium XXZ\nspin-$1/2$ chains. We consider the protocol where two semi-infinite chains are\nprepared in two thermal states at small but different temperatures and suddenly\njoined together. We focus on the qualitative and quantitative features of the\nprofiles of local observables, which at large times $t$ and distances $x$ from\nthe junction become functions of the ratio $\\zeta=x/t$. By means of the\ngeneralized hydrodynamic equations, we analyse the rich phenomenology arising\nby considering different regimes of the phase diagram. In the gapped phases,\nvariations of the profiles are found to be exponentially small in the\ntemperatures but described by non-trivial functions of $\\zeta$. We provide\nanalytical formulae for the latter, which give accurate results also for small\nbut finite temperatures. In the gapless regime, we show how the three-step\nconformal predictions for the profiles of energy density and energy current are\nnaturally recovered from the hydrodynamic equations. Moreover, we also recover\nthe recent non-linear Luttinger liquid predictions for low-temperature\ntransport: universal peaks of width $\\Delta\\zeta\\propto T$ emerge at the edges\nof the light cone in the profiles of generic observables. Such peaks are\ndescribed by the same function of $\\zeta$ for all local observables."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Viscosity of a sheared correlated (near-critical) model fluid in\n  confinement: Second-order phase transitions are characterized by a divergence of the\nspatial correlation length of the order parameter fluctuations. For confined\nsystems, this is known to lead to remarkable equilibrium physical phenomena,\nincluding finite-size effects and critical Casimir forces. We explore here some\nnon-equilibrium aspects of these effects in the stationary state resulting from\nthe action of external forces: by analyzing a model of a correlated fluid under\nshear, spatially confined by two parallel plates, we study the resulting\nviscosity within the setting of (Gaussian) Landau-Ginzburg theory.\nSpecifically, we introduce a model in which the hydrodynamic velocity field\n(obeying the Stokes equation) is coupled to an order parameter with dissipative\ndynamics. The well-known Green-Kubo relation for bulk systems is generalized\nfor confined systems. This is shown to result in a non-local Stokes equation\nfor the fluid flow, due to the correlated fluctuations. The resulting effective\nshear viscosity shows universal as well as non-universal contributions, which\nwe study in detail. In particular, the deviation from the bulk behavior is\nuniversal, depending on the ratio of the correlation length and the film\nthickness $L$. In addition, at the critical point the viscosity is proportional\nto $\\ell/L$, where $\\ell$ is a dynamic length scale. These findings are\nexpected to be experimentally observable, especially for systems where the bulk\nviscosity is affected by critical fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Extended loop algorithm for pyrochlore Heisenberg spin models with\n  spin-ice type degeneracy: application to spin-glass transition in\n  antiferromagnets coupled to local lattice distortions: For Ising spin models which bear the spin-ice type macroscopic\n(quasi-)degeneracy, conventional classical Monte Carlo (MC) simulation using\nsingle spin flips suffers from dynamical freezing at low temperatures ($T$). A\nsimilar difficulty is seen also in a family of Heisenberg spin models with\neasy-axis anisotropy or biquadratic interactions. In the Ising case, the\ndifficulty is avoided by introducing a non-local update based on the loop\nalgorithm. We present an extension of the loop algorithm to the Heisenberg\ncase. As an example of its application, we review our recent study on\nspin-glass (SG) transition in a bond-disordered Heisenberg antiferromagnet\ncoupled to local lattice distortions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal diffusive search: nonequilibrium resetting versus equilibrium\n  dynamics: We study first-passage time problems for a diffusive particle with stochastic\nresetting with a finite rate $r$. The optimal search time is compared\nquantitatively with that of an effective equilibrium Langevin process with the\nsame stationary distribution. It is shown that the intermittent, nonequilibrium\nstrategy with non-vanishing resetting rate is more efficient than the\nequilibrium dynamics. Our results are extended to multiparticle systems where a\nteam of independent searchers, initially uniformly distributed with a given\ndensity, looks for a single immobile target. Both the average and the typical\nsurvival probability of the target are smaller in the case of nonequilibrium\ndynamics.",
        "positive": "Threshold value of three dimensional bootstrap percolation: The following article deals with the critical value p_c of the\nthree-dimensional bootstrap percolation. We will check the behavior of p_c for\ndifferent lengths of the lattice and additionally we will scale p_c in the\nlimit of an infinite lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tagged particle behavior in a harmonic chain of direction reversing\n  active Brownian particles: We study the tagged particle dynamics in a harmonic chain of direction\nreversing active Brownian particles, with spring constant $k$, rotation\ndiffusion coefficient $D_{\\text{r}}$, and directional reversal rate $\\gamma$.\nWe exactly compute the tagged particle position variance for quenched and\nannealed initial orientations of the particles. For well-separated time scales,\n$k^{-1}$, $D_{\\text{r}}^{-1}$ and $\\gamma^{-1}$, the strength of spring\nconstant $k$ relative to $D_{\\text{r}}$ and $\\gamma$ gives rise to different\ncoupling limits and for each coupling limit there are short, intermediate, and\nlong time regimes. In the thermodynamic limit, we show that, to the leading\norder, the tagged particle variance exhibits an algebraic growth $t^{\\nu}$,\nwhere the value of the exponent $\\nu$ depends on the specific regime. For a\nquenched initial orientation, the exponent $\\nu$ crosses over from $3$ to\n$1/2$, via intermediate values $5/2$ or $1$, depending on the specific coupling\nlimits. On the other hand, for the annealed initial orientation, $\\nu$ crosses\nover from $2$ to $1/2$ via an intermediate value $3/2$ or $1$ for strong\ncoupling limit and weak coupling limit respectively. An additional time scale\n$t_N=N^2/k$ emerges for a system with a finite number of oscillators $N$. We\nshow that the behavior of the tagged particle variance across $t_N$ can be\nexpressed in terms of a crossover scaling function, which we find exactly.\nFinally, we characterize the stationary state behavior of the separation\nbetween two consecutive particles by calculating the corresponding\nspatio-temporal correlation function.",
        "positive": "Exploring dynamical phase transitions and prethermalization with quantum\n  noise of excitations: Dynamical phase transitions can occur in isolated quantum systems that are\nbrought out of equilibrium by sudden parameter changes. We discuss the\ncharacterization of such dynamical phase transitions based on the statistics of\nproduced excitations. We consider both the O(N) model in the large N limit and\na spin model with long range interactions and show that the dynamical\ncriticality of their prethermal steady-states manifests most dramatically not\nin the average number of excitations but in their higher moments. We argue that\nthe growth of defect fluctuations carries unique signatures of the dynamical\ncriticality, irrespective of the precise details of the model. Our theoretical\nresults should be relevant to quantum quench experiments with ultracold bosonic\natoms in optical lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Large-order asymptotic behavior of the Strong-coupling and\n  High-Temperature series expansions: For theories that exhibit second order phase transition, we conjecture that\nthe large-order asymptotic behavior of the strong-coupling ( High-Temperature)\nseries expansion takes the form $\\sigma^{n} n^{b}$ where $b$ is a universal\nparameter. The associated critical exponent is then given by $b+1$. The series\nitself can be approximated by the hypergeometric approximants $_{p}F_{p-1}$\nwhich can mimic the same large-order behavior of the given series. Near the tip\nof the branch cut, the hypergeometric function $_{p}F_{p-1}$ has a power-law\nbehavior from which the critical exponent and critical coupling can be\nextracted. The conjecture has been tested in this work for the perturbation\nseries of the ground state energy of the Yang-Lee model as a strong-coupling\nform of the $\\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric $i\\phi^3$ theory and the High-Temperature\nexpansion within the Ising model. From the known $b$ parameter for the Yang-Lee\nmodel, we obtained the exact critical exponents which reflects the universality\nof $b$. Very accurate prediction for $b$ has been obtained from the many orders\navailable for the High-Temperature series expansion of the Ising model which in\nturn predicts accurate critical exponent. Apart from critical exponents, the\nhypergeometric approximants for the Yang-Lee model show almost exact\npredictions for the ground state energy from low orders of perturbation series\nas input.",
        "positive": "Non-linear rheology of layered systems - a phase model approach: We study non-linear rheology of a simple theoretical model developed to mimic\nlayered systems such as lamellar structures under shear. In the present work we\nstudy a 2-dimensional version of the model which exhibits a Kosterlitz-Thouless\ntransition in equilibrium at a critical temperature Tc. While the system\nbehaves as Newtonain fluid at high temperatures T > Tc, it exhibits shear\nthinning at low temperatures T < Tc. The non-linear rheology in the present\nmodel is understood as due to motions of edge dislocations and resembles the\nnon-linear transport phenomena in superconductors by vortex motions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion, peer pressure and tailed distributions: We present a general, physically motivated non-linear and non-local advection\nequation in which the diffusion of interacting random walkers competes with a\nlocal drift arising from a kind of peer pressure. We show, using a mapping to\nan integrable dynamical system, that on varying a parameter, the steady state\nbehaviour undergoes a transition from the standard diffusive behavior to a\nlocalized stationary state characterized by a tailed distribution. Finally, we\nshow that recent empirical laws on economic growth can be explained as a\ncollective phenomenon due to peer pressure interaction.",
        "positive": "Phase transition in conservative diffusive contact processes: We determine the phase diagrams of conservative diffusive contact processes\nby means of numerical simulations. These models are versions of the ordinary\ndiffusive single-creation, pair-creation and triplet-creation contact processes\nin which the particle number is conserved. The transition between the frozen\nand active states was determined by studying the system in the subcritical\nregime and the nature of the transition, whether continuous or first order, was\ndetermined by looking at the fractal dimension of the critical cluster. For the\nsingle-creation model the transition remains continuous for any diffusion rate.\nFor pair- and triplet-creation models, however, the transition becomes first\norder for high enough diffusion rate. Our results indicate that in the limit of\ninfinite diffusion rate the jump in density equals 2/3 for the pair-creation\nmodel and 5/6 for the triplet-creation model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A variational approach to nucleation simulation: We study by computer simulation the nucleation of a supersaturated\nLennard-Jones vapor into the liquid phase. The large free energy barriers to\ntransition make the time scale of this process impossible to study by ordinary\nmolecular dynamics simulations.Therefore we use a recently developed enhanced\nsampling method [Valsson and Parrinello, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 090601 (2014)]\nbased on the variational determination of a bias potential. We differ from\nprevious applications of this method in that the bias is constructed on the\nbasis of the physical model provided by the classical theory of nucleation. We\nexamine the technical problems associated with this approach. Our results are\nvery satisfactory and will pave the way for calculating the nucleation rates in\nmany systems.",
        "positive": "Bath-Mediated Interactions between Driven Tracers in Dense Single-Files: Single-file transport, where particles cannot bypass each other, has been\nobserved in various experimental setups. In such systems, the behaviour of a\ntracer particle (TP) is subdiffusive, which originates from strong correlations\nbetween particles. These correlations are especially marked when the TP is\ndriven and leads to inhomogeneous density profiles. Determining the impact of\nthis inhomogeneity when several TPs are driven in the system is a key question,\nrelated to the general issue of bath-mediated interactions, which are known to\ninduce collective motion and lead to the formation of clusters or lanes in a\nvariety of systems. Quantifying this collective behaviour, the emerging\ninteractions and their dependence on the amplitude of forces driving the TPs,\nremains a challenging but largely unresolved issue. Here, considering dense\nsingle-file systems, we analytically determine the entire dynamics of the\ncorrelations and reveal out of equilibrium cooperativity and competition\neffects between driven TPs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Confinement of Skyrmion states in noncentrosymmetric magnets: Skyrmionic states in noncentrosymmetric magnets with Lifshitz invariants are\ninvestigated within the phenomenological Dzyaloshinskii model. The interaction\nbetween the chiral Skyrmions, being repulsive in a broad temperature range,\nchanges into attraction at high temperatures. This leads to a remarkable\nconfinement effect: near the ordering temperature Skyrmions exist only as bound\nstates, and Skyrmion lattices are formed by an unusual instability-type\nnucleation transition. Numerical investigations on two-dimensional models\ndemonstrate the confinement and the occurrence of different Skyrmion lattice\nprecursor states near the ordering transition that can become thermodynamically\nstable by anisotropy or longitudinal softness in cubic helimagnets.",
        "positive": "Power-law decay exponents: a dynamical criterion for predicting\n  thermalization: From the analysis of the relaxation process of isolated lattice many-body\nquantum systems quenched far from equilibrium, we deduce a criterion for\npredicting when they are certain to thermalize. It is based on the algebraic\nbehavior $\\propto t^{-\\gamma}$ of the survival probability at long times. We\nshow that the value of the power-law exponent $\\gamma$ depends on the shape and\nfilling of the weighted energy distribution of the initial state. Two scenarios\nare explored in details: $\\gamma \\ge 2$ and $\\gamma <1$. Exponents $\\gamma \\ge\n2$ imply that the energy distribution of the initial state is ergodically\nfilled and the eigenstates are uncorrelated, so thermalization is guaranteed to\nhappen. In this case, the power-law behavior is caused by bounds in the energy\nspectrum. Decays with $\\gamma < 1$ emerge when the energy eigenstates are\ncorrelated and signal lack of ergodicity. They are typical of systems\nundergoing localization due to strong onsite disorder and are found also in\nclean integrable systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Irreversible Work Reduction by Disorder in Many-Body Quantum Systems: We study the effect of disorder on work exchange associated to quantum\nHamiltonian processes by considering an Ising spin chain in which the strength\nof coupling between spins are randomly drawn from either Normal or Gamma\ndistributions. The chain is subjected to a quench of the external transverse\nfield which induces this exchange of work. In particular, we study the\nirreversible work incurred by a quench as a function of the initial\ntemperature, field strength and magnitude of the disorder. While presence of\nweak disorder generally increases the irreversible work generated, disorder of\nsufficient strength can instead reduce it, giving rise to a disorder induced\nlubrication effect. This reduction of irreversible work depends on the nature\nof the distribution considered, and can either arise from acquiring the\nbehavior of an effectively smaller quench for the Normal-distributed spin\ncouplings, or that of effectively single spin dynamics in the case of Gamma\ndistributed couplings.",
        "positive": "DMRG studies of the effect of constraint release on the viscosity of\n  polymer melts: The scaling of the viscosity of polymer melts is investigated with regard to\nthe molecular weight. We present a generalization of the Rubinstein-Duke model,\nwhich takes constraint releases into account and calculate the effects on the\nviscosity by the use of the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG)\nalgorithm. Using input from Rouse theory the rates for the constraint release\nare determined in a self consistent way. We conclude that shape fluctuations of\nthe tube caused by constraint release are not a likely candidate for improving\nDoi's crossover theory for the scaling of the polymer viscosity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Hermitian Delocalization and Eigenfunctions: Recent literature on delocalization in non-Hermitian systems has stressed\ncriteria based on sensitivity of eigenvalues to boundary conditions and the\nexistence of a non-zero current. We emphasize here that delocalization also\nshows up clearly in eigenfunctions, provided one studies the product of left-\nand right-eigenfunctions, as required on physical grounds, and not simply the\nsquared modulii of the eigenfunctions themselves. We also discuss the right-\nand left-eigenfunctions of the ground state in the delocalized regime and\nsuggest that the behavior of these functions, when considered separately, may\nbe viewed as ``intermediate'' between localized and delocalized.",
        "positive": "The $P\u03a6$-Compromise Function as a criterion of merit to optimize\n  irreversible thermal engines: Several authors have proposed out of equilibrium thermal engines models,\nallowing optimization processes involving a trade off between the power output\nof the engine and its dissipation. These operating regimes are achieved by\nusing objective functions such as the ecological function ($EF$). In order to\nmeasure the quality of the balance between these characteristic functions, it\nwas proposed a relationship where power output and dissipation are evaluated in\nthe above mentioned $EF$-regime and they are compared with respect to its\nvalues at the regime of maximum power output. We called this relationship\n\"Compromise Function\" and only depends of a parameter that measures the quality\nof the compromise. Thereafter this function was used to select a value of the\nmentioned parameter to obtain the generalization of some different objective\nfunctions (generalizations of ecological function, omega function and efficient\npower), by demanding that these generalization parameters maximize the above\nmentioned functions. In this work we demonstrate that this function can be used\ndirectly as an objective function: the \"$P{\\Phi}$-Compromise Function\"\n($C_{P\\Phi}$), also that the operation modes corresponding to the maximum\nGeneralized Ecological Function, maximum Generalized Omega Function and maximum\nEfficient power output, are special cases of the operation mode of maximum\n$C_{P\\Phi}$, having the same optimum high reduced temperature, then the\ncharacteristic functions will be the same in any of the above three working\nregimes, independent of the algebraic complexity of each generalized function.\nThese results are presented for two different models of an irreversible energy\nconverter: a non-endoreversible and a totally irreversible, both with heat\nleakage."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Screening of classical Casimir forces by electrolytes in semi-infinite\n  geometries: We study the electrostatic Casimir effect and related phenomena in\nequilibrium statistical mechanics of classical (non-quantum) charged fluids.\nThe prototype model consists of two identical dielectric slabs in empty space\n(the pure Casimir effect) or in the presence of an electrolyte between the\nslabs. In the latter case, it is generally believed that the long-ranged\nCasimir force due to thermal fluctuations in the slabs is screened by the\nelectrolyte into some residual short-ranged force. The screening mechanism is\nbased on a \"separation hypothesis\": thermal fluctuations of the electrostatic\nfield in the slabs can be treated separately from the pure image effects of the\n\"inert\" slabs on the electrolyte particles. In this paper, by using a\nphenomenological approach under certain conditions, the separation hypothesis\nis shown to be valid. The phenomenology is tested on a microscopic model in\nwhich the conducting slabs and the electrolyte are modelled by the symmetric\nCoulomb gases of point-like charges with different particle fugacities. The\nmodel is solved in the high-temperature Debye-H\\\"uckel limit (in two and three\ndimensions) and at the free fermion point of the Thirring representation of the\ntwo-dimensional Coulomb gas. The Debye-H\\\"uckel theory of a Coulomb gas between\ndielectric walls is also solved.",
        "positive": "Splitting probabilities as a test of reaction coordinate choice in\n  single-molecule experiments: To explain the observed dynamics in equilibrium single-molecule measurements\nof biomolecules, the experimental observable is often chosen as a putative\nreaction coordinate along which kinetic behavior is presumed to be governed by\ndiffusive dynamics. Here, we invoke the splitting probability as a test of the\nsuitability of such a proposed reaction coordinate. Comparison of the observed\nsplitting probability with that computed from the kinetic model provides a\nsimple test to reject poor reaction coordinates. We demonstrate this test for a\nforce spectroscopy measurement of a DNA hairpin."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work Output and Efficiency at Maximum Power of Linear Irreversible Heat\n  Engines Operating with a Finite-Sized Heat Source: We formulate the work output and efficiency for linear irreversible heat\nengines working between a finite-sized hot heat source and an infinite-sized\ncold heat reservoir until the total system reaches the final thermal\nequilibrium state with a uniform temperature. We prove that when the heat\nengines operate at the maximum power under the tight-coupling condition without\nheat leakage the work output is just half of the exergy, which is known as the\nmaximum available work extracted from a heat source. As a consequence, the\ncorresponding efficiency is also half of its quasistatic counterpart.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear transport in inelastic Maxwell mixtures under simple shear\n  flow: The Boltzmann equation for inelastic Maxwell models is used to analyze\nnonlinear transport in a granular binary mixture in the steady simple shear\nflow. Two different transport processes are studied. First, the rheological\nproperties (shear and normal stresses) are obtained by solving exactly the\nvelocity moment equations. Second, the diffusion tensor of impurities immersed\nin a sheared inelastic Maxwell gas is explicitly determined from a perturbation\nsolution through first order in the concentration gradient. The corresponding\nreference state of this expansion corresponds to the solution derived in the\n(pure) shear flow problem. All these transport coefficients are given in terms\nof the restitution coefficients and the parameters of the mixture (ratios of\nmasses, concentration, and sizes). The results are compared with those obtained\nanalytically for inelastic hard spheres in the first Sonine approximation and\nby means of Monte Carlo simulations. The comparison between the results\nobtained for both interaction models shows a good agreement over a wide range\nvalues of the parameter space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renewal Aging as Emerging Property of Phase Synchronization: In this letter we examine a model recently proposed to produce phase\nsynchronization [K. Wood et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 145701 (2006)] and we show\nthat the onset to synchronization corresponds to the emergence of an\nintermittent process that is non-Poisson and renewal at the same time. We argue\nthat this makes the model appropriate for the physics of blinking quantum dots,\nand the dynamics of human brain as well.",
        "positive": "Generalized entropy and extensions of the second law of thermodynamics\n  and the Clausius relation for quantum systems in steady heat conduction\n  states: This paper has been withdrawn by the author. For the reason, see the bottom\nparagraph of this abstract.\n  By generalizing Tasaki's work on the second law of thermodynamics for an\nadiabatic process between two equilibrium states of a macroscopic quantum\ncompound system, we obtain an extension of the second law to a transient\nadiabatic process that takes a macroscopic quantum compound system consisting\nof a system of interest and two heat reservoirs from an initial equilibrium\nstate to a final non-equilibrium state, where the system of interest is in a\nsteady heat conduction state. For the system of interest, we define its\ngeneralized entropy so that it becomes an experimentally measurable quantity\nand exactly satisfies an extension of the Clausius relation.\n  This paper has been withdrawn by the author because the generalized entropy\npresented in this article violates the second law when the system in a steady\nheat conduction state is detached from the two reservoirs and then attached to\na reservoir at the temperature T^bar defined in Sec.1.2 so that it will reach\nan equilibrium state at T^bar. In this irreversible process, the total entropy\nfor the system and the reservoir remains constant and thus violates the second\nlaw."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium physics in integrable systems and spin-flip non-invariant\n  conserved quantities: Recently found spin-flip non-invariant (SFNI) conserved quantities play\nimportant roles in discussing nonequilibrium physics of the XXZ model. The\nrepresentative examples are the generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE) and the\nballistic transport of the spin current. In spite of big progress in\nunderstanding nonequilibrium physics of integrable systems, the general\nframework to determine a minimal complete set of conserved quantities which\ndescribes the long-time steady state has not yet been found. This paper shows\nthat the GGE of the gapless XXZ model consists of functionally independent\nconserved quantities rather than linearly independent. At the same time, the\nphysical meaning of SFNI conserved quantities is provided. We also discuss that\nthere exist ballistic channels of the spin current supported by non-quasilocal\nconserved quantities. The saturation of the lower bound for the Drude weight by\nquasilocal conserved quantities reads the linear dependence of non-quasilocal\nconserved quantities on quasilocal ones. We show that their (generalized)\nlinearly dependence relation is consistent with the statement that the GGE\nconsists of functionally independent conserved quantities without containing\nall linearly independent conserved quantities.",
        "positive": "Spatial Dynamics of Invasion: The Geometry of Introduced Species: Many exotic species combine low probability of establishment at each\nintroduction with rapid population growth once introduction does succeed. To\nanalyze this phenomenon, we note that invaders often cluster spatially when\nrare, and consequently an introduced exotic's population dynamics should depend\non locally structured interactions. Ecological theory for spatially structured\ninvasion relies on deterministic approximations, and determinism does not\naddress the observed uncertainty of the exotic-introduction process. We take a\nnew approach to the population dynamics of invasion and, by extension, to the\ngeneral question of invasibility in any spatial ecology. We apply the physical\ntheory for nucleation of spatial systems to a lattice-based model of\ncompetition between plant species, a resident and an invader, and the analysis\nreaches conclusions that differ qualitatively from the standard ecological\ntheories. Nucleation theory distinguishes between dynamics of single-cluster\nand multi-cluster invasion. Low introduction rates and small system size\nproduce single-cluster dynamics, where success or failure of introduction is\ninherently stochastic. Single-cluster invasion occurs only if the cluster\nreaches a critical size, typically preceded by a number of failed attempts. For\nthis case, we identify the functional form of the probability distribution of\ntime elapsing until invasion succeeds. Although multi-cluster invasion for\nsufficiently large systems exhibits spatial averaging and almost-deterministic\ndynamics of the global densities, an analytical approximation from nucleation\ntheory, known as Avrami's law, describes our simulation results far better than\nstandard ecological approximations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Formation of Two Component Bose Condensate During the Chemical Potential\n  Curve Crossing: In this article we study the formation of the two modes Bose-Einstein\ncondensate and the correlation between them. We show that beyond the mean field\napproximation the dissociation of a molecular condensate due to the chemical\npotential curve crossing leads to the formation of two modes condensate. We\nalso show that these two modes are correlated in a two mode squeezed state.",
        "positive": "Statistics of work distribution in periodically driven closed quantum\n  systems: We study the statistics of the work distribution $P(w)$ in a $d-$dimensional\nclosed quantum system with linear dimension $L$ subjected to a periodic drive\nwith frequency $\\omega_0$. We show that after an integer number of periods of\nthe drive, the corresponding rate function $I(w)= -\\ln[P(w)]/L^d$ satisfies an\nuniversal lower bound $I(0)\\ge n_d$ and has a zero at $w=Q$, where $n_d$ and\n$Q$ are the defect density and residual energy generated during the drive. We\nsupplement our results by calculating $I(w)$ for a class of $d$-dimensional\nintegrable models and show that it has oscillatory dependence on $\\omega_0$\noriginating from Stuckelberg interference generated during multiple passage\nthrough intermediate quantum critical points or regions during the drive. We\nsuggest experiments to test our theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-exit-time probability density tails for a local height of a\n  non-equilibrium Gaussian interface: We study the long-time behavior of the probability density Q_t of the first\nexit time from a bounded interval [-L,L] for a stochastic non-Markovian process\nh(t) describing fluctuations at a given point of a two-dimensional, infinite in\nboth directions Gaussian interface. We show that Q_t decays when t \\to \\infty\nas a power-law $^{-1 - \\alpha}, where \\alpha is non-universal and proportional\nto the ratio of the thermal energy and the elastic energy of a fluctuation of\nsize L. The fact that \\alpha appears to be dependent on L, which is rather\nunusual, implies that the number of existing moments of Q_t depends on the size\nof the window [-L,L]. A moment of an arbitrary order n, as a function of L,\nexists for sufficiently small L, diverges when L approaches a certain threshold\nvalue L_n, and does not exist for L > L_n. For L > L_1, the probability density\nQ_t is normalizable but does not have moments.",
        "positive": "Statistics of off-diagonal entries of Wigner $K$-matrix for chaotic wave\n  systems with absorption: Using the Random Matrix Theory approach we derive explicit distributions of\nthe real and imaginary parts for off-diagonal entries of the Wigner reaction\nmatrix $\\mathbf{K}$ for wave chaotic scattering in systems with and without\ntime-reversal invariance, in the presence of an arbitrary uniform absorption."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground State Entropy of Potts Antiferromagnets: Cases with Noncompact W\n  Boundaries Having Multiple Points at 1/q = 0: We present exact calculations of the zero-temperature partition function,\n$Z(G,q,T=0)$, and ground-state degeneracy (per site), $W({G},q)$, for the\n$q$-state Potts antiferromagnet on a number of families of graphs ${G}$ for\nwhich the boundary ${\\cal B}$ of regions of analyticity of $W$ in the complex\n$q$ plane is noncompact and has the properties that (i) in the $z=1/q$ plane,\nthe point $z=0$ is a multiple point on ${\\cal B}$ and (ii) ${\\cal B}$ includes\nsupport for $Re(q) < 0$. These families are generated by the method of\nhomeomorphic expansion. Our results give further insight into the conditions\nfor the validity of large--$q$ series expansions for the reduced function\n$W_{red.}=q^{-1}W$.",
        "positive": "Entanglement Entropy in the O(N) model: It is generally believed that in spatial dimension d > 1 the leading\ncontribution to the entanglement entropy S = - tr rho_A log rho_A scales as the\narea of the boundary of subsystem A. The coefficient of this \"area law\" is\nnon-universal. However, in the neighbourhood of a quantum critical point S is\nbelieved to possess subleading universal corrections. In the present work, we\nstudy the entanglement entropy in the quantum O(N) model in 1 < d < 3. We use\nan expansion in epsilon = 3-d to evaluate i) the universal geometric correction\nto S for an infinite cylinder divided along a circular boundary; ii) the\nuniversal correction to S due to a finite correlation length. Both corrections\nare different at the Wilson-Fisher and Gaussian fixed points, and the epsilon\n-> 0 limit of the Wilson-Fisher fixed point is distinct from the Gaussian fixed\npoint. In addition, we compute the correlation length correction to the Renyi\nentropy S_n = (log tr rho^n_A)/(1-n) in epsilon and large-N expansions. For N\n-> infinity, this correction generally scales as N^2 rather than the naively\nexpected N. Moreover, the Renyi entropy has a phase transition as a function of\nn for d close to 3."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagram of a bosonic ladder with two coupled chains: We study a bosonic ladder with two coupled chains using the finite size\ndensity matrix renormalisation group method. We show that in a commensurate\nbosonic ladder the critical on-site interaction ($U_C$) for the superfluid to\nMott insulator transition becomes larger as the inter-chain hopping\n($t_\\bot$)increases. We analyze this quantum phase transition and obtain the\nphase diagram in the $t_\\bot -U$ plane.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation Relations for Quantum Markovian Dynamical System: We derive a general set of fluctuation relations for a nonequilibrium open\nquantum system described by a Lindblad master equation. In the special case of\nconservative Hamiltonian dynamics, these identities allow us to retrieve\nquantum versions of Jarzynski and Crooks relations. In the linear response\nregime, these fluctuation relations yield a fluctuation-dissipation theorem\n(FDT) valid for a stationary state arbitrarily far from equilibrium. For a\nclosed system, this FDT reduces to the celebrated Callen-Welton-Kubo formula."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fast fluctuating fields as the source of low-frequency conductance\n  fluctuations in many-electron systems and failure of quantum kinetics: It is shown that in many-electron systems quantum transfer amplitudes and\nthus transfer probabilities may be strongly influenced by fast fluctuating\nfields, in particular, caused by simultaneous electron transfers. Corresponding\nmutual interplay of many electron jumps, arising at the fundamental level of\nquantum phases, results in long-correlated (1/f type) conductance fluctuations.\nHowever, thats could not be theoretically catched if neglect the real\ndiscreteness of quantum energy spectra and use the continuous spectrum\napproximation when building kinetic theory. Basing on first principles, the\nestimates of low-frequency fluctuations of tunneling conductance are presented.",
        "positive": "Why is Bloch's T^(3/2)-law also observed in d=2 dimensions ?: The paper is withdrawn by the author because it is superseded by\ncond-mat/0303357 ."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality relations in non-solvable quantum spin chains: We prove the exact relations between the critical exponents and the\nsusceptibility, implied by the Haldane Luttinger liquid conjecture, for a\ngeneric lattice fermionic model or a quantum spin chain with short range weak\ninteraction. The validity of such relations was only checked in some special\nsolvable models, but there was up to now no proof of their validity in\nnon-solvable models.",
        "positive": "Effect of Dilution on Spinodals and Pseudospinodals: We investigate the effect of quenched dilution on the critical and spinodal\npoints in the infinite range (mean-field) and long-range (near-mean-field)\nIsing model. We find that unlike the short-range Ising model, the effect of the\ndilution is not simply related to the divergence of the specific heat, i.e.,\nthe Harris criterion. We also find the mean-field behavior differs from that of\n$d=4$ (upper critical dimension) nearest neighbor model at the critical point.\nThese results are an important first step for understanding the effect of the\nspinodal on the nucleation process as well as the properties of the metastable\nstate in systems of considerable interest in material science, geophysics, and\neconophysics which in general have defects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinematic reduction of reaction-diffusion fronts with multiplicative\n  noise: Derivation of stochastic sharp-interface equations: We study the dynamics of generic reaction-diffusion fronts, including pulses\nand chemical waves, in the presence of multiplicative noise. We discuss the\nconnection between the reaction-diffusion Langevin-like field equations and the\nkinematic (eikonal) description in terms of a stochastic moving-boundary or\nsharp-interface approximation. We find that the effective noise is additive and\nwe relate its strength to the noise parameters in the original field equations,\nto first order in noise strength, but including a partial resummation to all\norders which captures the singular dependence on the microscopic cutoff\nassociated to the spatial correlation of the noise. This dependence is\nessential for a quantitative and qualitative understanding of fluctuating\nfronts, affecting both scaling properties and nonuniversal quantities. Our\nresults predict phenomena such as the shift of the transition point between the\npushed and pulled regimes of front propagation, in terms of the noise\nparameters, and the corresponding transition to a non-KPZ universality class.\nWe assess the quantitative validity of the results in several examples\nincluding equilibrium fluctuations, kinetic roughening, and the noise-induced\npushed-pulled transition, which is predicted and observed for the first time.\nThe analytical predictions are successfully tested against rigorous results and\nshow excellent agreement with numerical simulations of reaction-diffusion field\nequations with multiplicative noise.",
        "positive": "A numerical approach to large deviations in continuous-time: We present an algorithm to evaluate the large deviation functions associated\nto history-dependent observables. Instead of relying on a time discretisation\nprocedure to approximate the dynamics, we provide a direct continuous-time\nalgorithm, valuable for systems with multiple time scales, thus extending the\nwork of Giardin\\`a, Kurchan and Peliti (PRL 96, 120603 (2006)).\n  The procedure is supplemented with a thermodynamic-integration scheme, which\nimproves its efficiency. We also show how the method can be used to probe large\ndeviation functions in systems with a dynamical phase transition -- revealed in\nour context through the appearance of a non-analyticity in the large deviation\nfunctions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of deflagration in disordered media: The conventional theory of burning works well in the case of uniform media\nwhere all system parameters are spatially independent. We develop a theory of\nburning in disordered media. In this case, rare regions (hot spots) where the\nburning process is more effective than on average may control the heat\npropagation in an explosive sample. We show that most predictions of the theory\nof burning are quite different from the conventional case. In particular, we\nshow that a system of randomly distributed hot spots exhibits a dynamic phase\ntransition, which is similar to the percolation transition. Depending on\nparameters of the system the phase transition can be either first or second\norder. These two regimes are separated by a tricritical point. The above\nresults may be applicable to dynamics of any over-heated disordered system with\na first order phase transition.",
        "positive": "Boundary induced phase transitions in driven lattice gases with\n  meta-stable states: We study boundary induced phase transitions in a driven lattice gas\nexhibiting metastability. The phase diagram for open systems, parameterized by\nthe input and output rates, consists of two regions corresponding to the free\nflow and jammed phase. Both have been entirely characterized. The microscopic\nstates in the high density phase are shown to have an interesting striped\nstructure, which survives in the thermodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Atom-by-atom construction of attractors in a tunable finite size spin\n  array: We demonstrate that a two-dimensional finite and periodic array of Ising\nspins coupled via RKKY-like exchange can exhibit tunable magnetic states\nranging from three distinct magnetic regimes: (1) a conventional ferromagnetic\nregime, (2) a glass-like regime, and (3) a new multi-well regime. These\nmagnetic regimes can be tuned by one gate-like parameter, namely the ratio\nbetween the lattice constant and the oscillating interaction wavelength. We\ncharacterize the various magnetic regimes, quantifying the distribution of low\nenergy states, aging relaxation dynamics, and scaling behavior. The glassy and\nmulti-well behavior results from the competing character of the oscillating\nlong-range exchange interactions. The multi-well structure features multiple\nattractors, each with a sizable basin of attraction. This may open the possible\napplication of such atomic arrays as associative memories.",
        "positive": "Spin-Peierls transition of the first order in S=1 antiferromagnetic\n  Heisenberg chains: We investigate a one-dimensional S=1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model\ncoupled to a lattice distortion by a quantum Monte Carlo method. Investigating\nthe ground state energy of the static bond-alternating chain, we find that the\ninstability to a dimerized chain depends on the value of the spin-phonon\ncoupling, unlike the case of S=1/2. The spin state is the dimer state or the\nuniform Haldane state depending on whether the lattice distorts or not,\nrespectively. At an intermediate value of the spin-phonon coupling, we find the\nfirst-order transition between the two states. We also find the coexistence of\nthe two states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary Dissipation in a Driven Hard Disk System: A simulation is performed aiming at checking the existence of a well defined\nstationary state for a two dimensional system of driven hard disks when energy\ndissipation takes place at the system boundaries and no bulk impurities are\npresent",
        "positive": "Renormalization-group description of nonequilibrium critical short-time\n  relaxation processes: a three-loop approximation: The influence of nonequilibrium initial values of the order parameter on its\nevolution at a critical point is described using a renormalization group\napproach of the field theory. The dynamic critical exponent $\\theta'$ of the\nshort time evolution of a system with an $n$-component order parameter is\ncalculated within a dynamical dissipative model using the method of\n$\\varepsilon$-expansion in a three-loop approximation. Numerical values of\n$\\theta'$ for three-dimensional systems are determined using the Pad\\'{e}-Borel\nmethod for the summation of asymptotic series."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The nature and boundary of the floating phase in a dissipative Josephson\n  junction array: We study the nature of correlations within, and the transition into, the\nfloating phase of dissipative Josephson junction arrays. Order parameter\ncorrelations in this phase are long-ranged in time, but only short-ranged in\nspace. A perturbative RG analysis shows that, in {\\it arbitrary} spatial\ndimension, the transition is controlled by a continuous locus of critical fixed\npoints determined entirely by the \\textit{local} topology of the lattice. This\nmay be the most natural example of a line of critical points existing in\narbitrary dimensions.",
        "positive": "Bivelocity picture in the nonrelativistic limit of relativistic\n  hydrodynamics: We discuss the nonrelativistic limit of the relativistic\nNavier-Fourier-Stokes (NFS) theory. The next-to-leading order relativistic\ncorrections to the NFS theory for the Landau-Lifshitz fluid are obtained. While\nthe lowest order truncation of the velocity expansion leads to the usual NFS\nequations of nonrelativistic fluids, we show that when the next-to-leading\norder relativistic corrections are included, the equations can be expressed\nconcurrently with two different fluid velocities. One of the fluid velocities\nis parallel to the conserved charge current (which follows the Eckart\ndefinition) and the other one is parallel to the energy current (which follows\nthe Landau-Lifshitz definition). We compare this next-to-leading order\nrelativistic hydrodynamics with bivelocity hydrodynamics, which is one of the\ngeneralizations of the NFS theory and is formulated in such a way to include\nthe usual mass velocity and also a new velocity, called the volume velocity. We\nfind that the volume velocity can be identified with the velocity obtained in\nthe Landau-Lifshitz definition. Then, the structure of bivelocity\nhydrodynamics, which is derived using various nontrivial assumptions, is\nreproduced in the NFS theory including the next-to-leading order relativistic\ncorrections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of random environment on kinetic roughening: Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n  model with a static noise coupled to the Navier-Stokes equation: Kinetic roughening of a randomly growing surface can be modelled by the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang equation with a time-independent (``spatially quenched'' or\n``columnar'') random noise. In this paper, we use the field-theoretic\nrenormalization group approach to investigate how randomly moving medium\naffects the kinetic roughening. The medium is described by the stochastic\ndifferential Navier-Stokes equation for incompressible viscous fluid with an\nexternal stirring force. We find that the action functional for the full\nstochastic problem should be extended to be renormalizable: a new nonlinearity\nmust be introduced. Moreover, in order to correctly couple the scalar and\nvelocity fields, a new dimensionless parameter must be introduced as a factor\nin the covariant derivative of the scalar field. The resulting action\nfunctional involves four coupling constants and a dimensionless ratio of\nkinematic coefficients. The one-loop calculation (the leading order of the\nexpansion in $\\varepsilon=4-d$ with $d$ being the space dimension) shows that\nthe renormalization group equations in the five-dimensional space of those\nparameters reveal a curve of fixed points that involves an infrared attractive\nsegment for $\\varepsilon>0$.",
        "positive": "Statistics of Mass Aggregation in a Large Self-Gravitating\n  One-Dimensional Gas: We study at the microscopic level the dynamics of a one-dimensional\ngravitationally interacting sticky gas. Initially, N identical particles of\nmass m with uncorrelated, randomly distributed velocities fill homogeneously a\nfinite region of space. It is proved that at a characteristic time a single\nmacroscopic mass is formed with certainty, surrounded by a dust of non\nextensive fragments. In the continuum limit this corresponds to a single shock\ncreating a singular mass density. The statistics of the remaining fragments\nobeys the Poisson law at all times following the shock. Numerical simulations\nindicate that up to the moment of macroscopic aggregation the system remains\ninternally homogeneous. At the short time scale a rapid decrease in the kinetic\nenergy is observed, accompanied by the formation of a number sqrt(N) of\naggregates with masses sqrt(N)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations of isolated and confined surface steps of monoatomic height: The temporal evolution of equilibrium fluctuations for surface steps of\nmonoatomic height is analyzed studying one-dimensional solid-on-solid models.\nUsing Monte Carlo simulations, fluctuations due to periphery-diffusion (PD) as\nwell as due to evaporation-condensation (EC) are considered, both for isolated\nsteps and steps confined by the presence of straight steps. For isolated steps,\nthe dependence of the characteristic power-laws, their exponents and\nprefactors, on temperature, slope, and curvature is elucidated, with the main\nemphasis on PD, taking into account finite-size effects. The entropic repulsion\ndue to a second straight step may lead, among others, to an interesting\ntransient power-law like growth of the fluctuations, for PD. Findings are\ncompared to results of previous Monte Carlo simulations and predictions based,\nmostly, on scaling arguments and Langevin theory.",
        "positive": "Robustness and eventual slow decay of bound states of interacting\n  microwave photons in the Google Quantum AI experiment: Integrable models are characterized by the existence of stable excitations\nthat can propagate indefinitely without decaying. This includes multi-magnon\nbound states in the celebrated XXZ spin chain model and its integrable Floquet\ncounterpart. A recent Google Quantum AI experiment [A. Morvan et al., Nature\n612, 240 (2022)] realizing the Floquet model demonstrated the persistence of\nsuch collective excitations even when the integrability is broken: this\nobservation is at odds with the expectation of ergodic dynamics in generic\nnon-integrable systems. We here study the spectrum of the model realized in the\nexperiment using exact diagonalization and physical arguments. We find that\nisolated bands corresponding to the descendants of the exact bound states of\nthe integrable model are clearly observable in the spectrum for a large range\nof system sizes. However, our numerical analysis of the localization properties\nof the eigenstates suggests that the bound states become unstable in the\nthermodynamic limit. A perturbative estimate of the decay rate agrees with the\nprediction of an eventual instability for large system sizes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal law of thermalization for one-dimensional perturbed Toda\n  lattices: The Toda lattice is a nonlinear but integrable system. Here we study the\nthermalization problem in one-dimensional, perturbed Toda lattices in the\nthermodynamic limit. We show that the thermalization time, $T_{eq}$, follows a\nuniversal law; i.e., $T_{eq}\\sim \\epsilon^{-2}$, where the perturbation\nstrength, $\\epsilon$, characterizes the nonlinear perturbations added to the\nToda potential. This universal law applies generally to weak nonlinear lattices\ndue to their equivalence to perturbed Toda systems.",
        "positive": "Roughening Transition of Interfaces in Disordered Systems: The behavior of interfaces in the presence of both lattice pinning and random\nfield (RF) or random bond (RB) disorder is studied using scaling arguments and\nfunctional renormalization techniques. For the first time we show that there is\na continuous disorder driven roughening transition from a flat to a rough state\nfor internal interface dimensions 2<D<4. The critical exponents are calculated\nin an \\epsilon-expansion. At the transition the interface shows a\nsuperuniversal logarithmic roughness for both RF and RB systems. A transition\ndoes not exist at the upper critical dimension D_c=4. The transition is\nexpected to be observable in systems with dipolar interactions by tuning the\ntemperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagram for the spin-3/2 quantum ferromagnetic Blume-Capel model\n  in a transverse crystal field: an approximation at the mean-field level: We investigate the phase diagram for the spin-$3/2$ ferromagnetic Blume-Capel\nmodel in a transverse crystal field using the standard mean-field approximation\nwithin the framework of Bogoliubov inequality for free energy. We draw a very\nrich phase diagram with first- and second-order transition lines; tricritical\nand tetracritical points; critical endpoint of order 2 and double critical\nendpoint. Additionally, the behaviour of magnetisation as a function of\ntemperature over a wide range of values of both longitudinal and transverse\ncrystal fields is also analysed. To the best of our knowledge, this quantum\nspin model has only been studied employing an effective field theory, which in\nturn was not able to characterise completely the multicritical phenomena in its\nphase diagram, because that procedure is not based on free energy. Thus, our\nfindings on the phase diagram for the present model are novel as they have been\nnot previously reported.",
        "positive": "Transfer matrices and partition-function zeros for antiferromagnetic\n  Potts models. VI. Square lattice with special boundary conditions: We study, using transfer-matrix methods, the partition-function zeros of the\nsquare-lattice q-state Potts antiferromagnet at zero temperature (=\nsquare-lattice chromatic polynomial) for the special boundary conditions that\nare obtained from an m x n grid with free boundary conditions by adjoining one\nnew vertex adjacent to all the sites in the leftmost column and a second new\nvertex adjacent to all the sites in the rightmost column. We provide numerical\nevidence that the partition-function zeros are becoming dense everywhere in the\ncomplex q-plane outside the limiting curve B_\\infty(sq) for this model with\nordinary (e.g. free or cylindrical) boundary conditions. Despite this, the\ninfinite-volume free energy is perfectly analytic in this region."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy Relaxation in Fermi-Pasta-Ulam Arrays: The dynamics of energy relaxation in thermalized one- and two-dimensional\narrays with nonlinear interactions depend in detail on the interactions and, in\nsome cases, on dimensionality. We describe and explain these differences for\narrays of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam type. In particular, we focus on the roles of\nharmonic contributions to the interactions and of breathers in the relaxation\nprocess.",
        "positive": "Transport Properties of the Diluted Lorentz Slab: We study the behavior of a point particle incident from the left on a slab of\na randomly diluted triangular array of circular scatterers. Various scattering\nproperties, such as the reflection and transmission probabilities and the\nscattering time are studied as a function of thickness and dilution. We show\nthat a diffusion model satisfactorily describes the mentioned scattering\nproperties. We also show how some of these quantities can be evaluated exactly\nand their agreement with numerical experiments. Our results exhibit the\ndependence of these scattering data on the mean free path. This dependence\nagain shows excellent agreement with the predictions of a Brownian motion\nmodel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chaotic properties of systems with Markov dynamics: We present a general approach for computing the dynamic partition function of\na continuous-time Markov process. The Ruelle topological pressure is identified\nwith the large deviation function of a physical observable. We construct for\nthe first time a corresponding finite Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy for these\nprocesses. Then, as an example, the latter is computed for a symmetric\nexclusion process. We further present the first exact calculation of the\ntopological pressure for an N-body stochastic interacting system, namely an\ninfinite-range Ising model endowed with spin-flip dynamics. Expressions for the\nKolmogorov-Sinai and the topological entropies follow.",
        "positive": "Exact Solution of a Jamming Transition: Closed Equations for a Bootstrap\n  Percolation Problem: Jamming, or dynamical arrest, is a transition at which many particles stop\nmoving in a collective manner. In nature it is brought about by, for example,\nincreasing the packing density, changing the interactions between particles, or\notherwise restricting the local motion of the elements of the system. The onset\nof collectivity occurs because, when one particle is blocked, it may lead to\nthe blocking of a neighbor. That particle may then block one of its neighbors,\nthese effects propagating across some typical domain of size named the\ndynamical correlation length. When this length diverges, the system becomes\nimmobile. Even where it is finite but large the dynamics is dramatically\nslowed. Such phenomena lead to glasses, gels, and other very long-lived\nnonequilibrium solids. The bootstrap percolation models are the simplest\nexamples describing these spatio-temporal correlations. We have been able to\nsolve one such model in two dimensions exactly, exhibiting the precise\nevolution of the jamming correlations on approach to arrest. We believe that\nthe nature of these correlations and the method we devise to solve the problem\nare quite general. Both should be of considerable help in further developing\nthis field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unifying Finite-Temperature Dynamical and Excited-State Quantum Phase\n  Transitions: In recent years, various notions of dynamical phase transitions have emerged\nto describe far-from-equilibrium criticality. A unifying framework connecting\nthese different concepts is still missing, and would provide significant\nprogress towards understanding far-from-equilibrium quantum many-body\nuniversality. Initializing our system in a thermal ensemble and subsequently\nperforming quantum quenches in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, we establish a\ndirect connection between excited-state quantum phase transitions (ESQPTs) and\ntwo major types of dynamical phase transitions (DPTs), by relating the phases\nof the latter to the critical energies and conservation laws in the former. Our\nwork provides further insight into how various concepts of non-ground-state\ncriticality are intimately connected, paving the way for a unified framework of\nfar-from-equilibrium universality.",
        "positive": "Uncovering conformal symmetry in the $3D$ Ising transition:\n  State-operator correspondence from a fuzzy sphere regularization: The $3D$ Ising transition, the most celebrated and unsolved critical\nphenomenon in nature, has long been conjectured to have emergent conformal\nsymmetry, similar to the case of the $2D$ Ising transition. Yet, the emergence\nof conformal invariance in the $3D$ Ising transition has rarely been explored\ndirectly, mainly due to unavoidable mathematical or conceptual obstructions.\nHere, we design an innovative way to study the quantum version of the $3D$\nIsing phase transition on spherical geometry, using the \"fuzzy\n(non-commutative) sphere\" regularization. We accurately calculate and analyze\nthe energy spectra at the transition, and explicitly demonstrate the\nstate-operator correspondence (i.e. radial quantization), a fingerprint of\nconformal field theory. In particular, we have identified 13 parity-even\nprimary operators within a high accuracy and 2 parity-odd operators that were\nnot known before. Our result directly elucidates the emergent conformal\nsymmetry of the $3D$ Ising transition, a conjecture made by Polyakov half a\ncentury ago. More importantly, our approach opens a new avenue for studying\n$3D$ CFTs by making use of the state-operator correspondence and spherical\ngeometry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Grand canonical ensemble simulation studies of polydisperse fluids: We describe a Monte Carlo scheme for simulating polydisperse fluids within\nthe grand canonical ensemble. Given some polydisperse attribute $\\sigma$, the\nstate of the system is described by a density distribution $\\rho(\\sigma)$ whose\nform is controlled by the imposed chemical potential distribution\n$\\mu(\\sigma)$. We detail how histogram extrapolation techniques can be employed\nto tune $\\mu(\\sigma)$ such as to traverse some particular desired path in the\nspace of $\\rho(\\sigma)$. The method is applied in simulations of size-disperse\nhard spheres with densities distributed according to Schulz and log-normal\nforms. In each case, the equation of state is obtained along the dilution line,\ni.e. the path along which the scale of $\\rho(\\sigma)$ changes but not its\nshape. The results are compared with the moment-based expressions of Boublik et\nal (J. Chem. Phys. {\\bf 54}, 1523 (1971)) and Salacuse and Stell (J. Chem.\nPhys. {\\bf 77}, 3714 (1982)). It is found that for high degrees of\npolydispersity, both expressions fail to give a quantitatively accurate\ndescription of the equation of state when the overall volume fraction is large.",
        "positive": "Free energy of singular sticky-sphere clusters: Networks of particles connected by springs model many condensed-matter\nsystems, from colloids interacting with a short-range potential, to complex\nfluids near jamming, to self-assembled lattices, to origami-inspired materials.\nUnder small thermal fluctuations the vibrational entropy of a ground state is\ngiven by the harmonic approximation if it has no zero-frequency vibrational\nmodes, yet such singular modes are at the epicenter of many interesting\nbehaviors in the systems above. We consider a system of $N$ spherical\nparticles, and directly account for the singularities that arise in the sticky\nlimit where the pairwise interaction is strong and short ranged. Although the\ncontribution to the partition function from singular clusters diverges in the\nlimit, its asymptotic value can be calculated and depends on only two\nparameters, characterizing the depth and range of the potential. The result\nholds for systems that are second-order rigid, a geometric characterization\nthat describes all known ground-state (rigid) sticky clusters.\n  To illustrate our theory we address the question of emergence: how does\ncrystalline order arise in large systems when it is strongly disfavored in\nsmall ones? We calculate the partition functions of all known rigid clusters up\nto $N\\leq 19$, and show the cluster landscape is dominated by hyperstatic\nclusters (those with more than $3N-6$ contacts) -- singular and isostatic\nclusters are far less frequent, despite their extra vibrational and\nconfigurational entropies. Since the most hyperstatic clusters are close to\nfragments of a close-packed lattice, this underlies the emergence of order in\nsticky-sphere systems, even those as small as $N=10$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Blackbody radiation in a nonextensive scenario: An exact analysis of the N-dimensional blackbody radiation process in a\nnonextensive \\`a la Tsallis scenario is performed for values of the\nnonextensive's index in the range ($0<q<1$). The recently advanced ``Optimal\nLagrange Multipliers\" (OLM) technique has been employed. The results are\nconsistent with those of the extensive, $q=1$ case. The generalization of the\ncelebrated laws of Planck, Stefan-Boltzmann, and Wien are investigated.\n  PACS: 05.30.-d, 95.35.+d, 05.70.Ce, 75.10.-b Keywords: Tsallis\nThermostatistics, Blackbody radiation.",
        "positive": "The Markov approximation for the atomic output coupler: The regions of validity of the Markov approximation for the coupling of atoms\nout of an atomic trap are determined. We consider radio-frequency output\ncoupling in the presence of gravity and collisional repulsion, and Raman output\ncoupling. The Markov approximation is crucial in most theoretical descriptions\nof an atom laser that assume a continuous process of output coupling from a\ntrapped Bose-Einstein condensate. In this regime many techniques proved to be\nuseful for modeling the optical laser, such as master equations, can be used to\ndescribe the dynamics of the damping of the condensate mode undergoing output\ncoupling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymmetric simple exclusion processes with diffusive bottlenecks: One-dimensional asymmetric simple exclusion processes (ASEPs) which are\ncoupled to external reservoirs via diffusive transport are studied. These ASEPs\nconsist of active compartments characterized by directed movements of the\nparticles and diffusive compartments in which the particles undergo unbiased\ndiffusion. Phase diagrams are obtained by a self-consistent mean field approach\nand by Monte Carlo simulations. The diffusive compartments act as diffusive\nbottlenecks if the velocity of the driven compartments or ASEPs is sufficiently\nlarge. A diffusive bottleneck at the boundary of the system leads to the\nabsence of a maximal current phase, while a diffusive bottleneck in the\ninterior of the system leads to a new phase characterized by different\ndensities in the two active compartments adjacent to the diffusive one and to a\nmaximal current defined by the bottleneck.",
        "positive": "Anisotropic diffusion limited aggregation in three dimensions -\n  universality and non-universality: We explore the macroscopic consequences of lattice anisotropy for Diffusion\nLimited Aggregation (DLA) in three dimensions. Simple cubic and BCC lattice\ngrowths are shown to approach universal asymptotic states in a coherent\nfashion, and the approach is accelerated by the use of noise reduction. These\nstates are strikingly anisotropic dendrites with a rich hierarchy of structure.\nFor growth on an FCC lattice, our data suggest at least two stable fixed points\nof anisotropy, one matching the BCC case. Hexagonal growths, favouring six\nplanar and two polar directions, appear to approach a line of asymptotic states\nwith continuously tunable polar anisotropy. The more planar of these growths\nvisually resemble real snowflake morphologies.\n  Our simulations use a new and dimension-independent implementation of the\nDiffusion Limited Aggregation (DLA) model. The algorithm maintains a hierarchy\nof sphere-coverings of the growth, supporting efficient random walks onto the\ngrowth by spherical moves. Anisotropy was introduced by restricting growth to\ncertain preferred directions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian colloidal particles: Ito, Stratonovich or a different\n  stochastic interpretation: Recent experiments on Brownian colloidal particles have been studied\ntheoretically in terms of overdamped Langevin equations with multiplicative\nwhite noise using an unconventional stochastic interpretation. Complementary\nnumerical simulations of the same system are well described using the\nconventional Stratonovich interpretation. Here we address this dichotomy from a\nmore generic starting point: the underdamped Langevin equation and its\ncorresponding Fokker--Planck equation.",
        "positive": "Aspects of a phase transition in high-dimensional random geometry: A phase transition in high-dimensional random geometry is analyzed as it\narises in a variety of problems. A prominent example is the feasibility of a\nminimax problem that represents the extremal case of a class of financial risk\nmeasures, among them the current regulatory market risk measure Expected\nShortfall. Others include portfolio optimization with a ban on short selling,\nthe storage capacity of the perceptron, the solvability of a set of linear\nequations with random coefficients, and competition for resources in an\necological system. These examples shed light on various aspects of the\nunderlying geometric phase transition, create links between problems belonging\nto seemingly distant fields and offer the possibility for further\nramifications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Market Ecology, Pareto Wealth Distribution and Leptokurtic Returns in\n  Microscopic Simulation of the LLS Stock Market Model: The LLS stock market model is a model of heterogeneous quasi-rational\ninvestors operating in a complex environment about which they have incomplete\ninformation. We review the main features of this model and several of its\nextensions. We study the effects of investor heterogeneity and show that\npredation, competition, or symbiosis may occur between different investor\npopulations. The dynamics of the LLS model lead to the empirically observed\nPareto wealth distribution. Many properties observed in actual markets appear\nas natural consequences of the LLS dynamics: truncated Levy distribution of\nshort-term returns, excess volatility, a return autocorrelation \"U-shape\"\npattern, and a positive correlation between volume and absolute returns.",
        "positive": "Relation between directed polymers in random media and random bond dimer\n  models: We reassess the relation between classical lattice dimer models and the\ncontinuum elastic description of a lattice of fluctuating polymers. In the\nabsence of randomness we determine the density and line tension of the polymers\nin terms of the bond weights of hard-core dimers on the square and the\nhexagonal lattice. For the latter, we demonstrate the equivalence of the\ncanonical ensemble for the dimer model and the grand-canonical description for\npolymers by performing explicitly the continuum limit. Using this equivalence\nfor the random bond dimer model on a square lattice, we resolve a previously\nobserved discrepancy between numerical results for the random dimer model and a\nreplica approach for polymers in random media. Further potential applications\nof the equivalence are briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modeling and statistical analysis of non-Gaussian random fields with\n  heavy-tailed distributions: In this paper, we investigate and develop a new approach to the numerical\nanalysis and characterization of random fluctuations with heavy-tailed\nprobability distribution function (PDF), such as turbulent heat flow and solar\nflare fluctuations. We identify the heavy-tailed random fluctuations based on\nthe scaling properties of the tail exponent of the PDF, power-law growth of\n$q$th order correlation function and the self-similar properties of the contour\nlines in two-dimensional random fields. Moreover, this work leads to a\nsubstitution for fractional Edwards-Wilkinson (EW) equation that works in\npresence of $\\mu$-stable L\\'evy noise. Our proposed model explains the\nconfiguration dynamics of the systems with heavy-tailed correlated random\nfluctuations. We also present an alternative solution to the fractional EW\nequation in the presence of $\\mu$-stable L\\'evy noise in the steady-state,\nwhich is implemented numerically, using the $\\mu$-stable fractional L\\'evy\nmotion. Based on the analysis of the self-similar properties of contour loops,\nwe numerically show that the scaling properties of contour loop ensembles can\nqualitatively and quantitatively distinguish non-Gaussian random fields from\nGaussian random fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Quantum Phase Transitions in the Bosonic Single-Impurity Anderson Model: We consider a quantum impurity model in which a bosonic impurity level is\ncoupled to a non-interacting bosonic bath, with the bosons at the impurity site\nsubject to a local Coulomb repulsion U. Numerical renormalization group\ncalculations for this bosonic single-impurity Anderson model reveal a\nzero-temperature phase diagram where Mott phases with reduced charge\nfluctuations are separated from a Bose-Einstein condensed phase by lines of\nquantum critical points. We discuss possible realizations of this model, such\nas atomic quantum dots in optical lattices. Furthermore, the bosonic\nsingle-impurity Anderson model appears as an effective impurity model in a\ndynamical mean-field theory of the Bose-Hubbard model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral Theory of Sparse Non-Hermitian Random Matrices: Sparse non-Hermitian random matrices arise in the study of disordered\nphysical systems with asymmetric local interactions, and have applications\nranging from neural networks to ecosystem dynamics. The spectral\ncharacteristics of these matrices provide crucial information on system\nstability and susceptibility, however, their study is greatly complicated by\nthe twin challenges of a lack of symmetry and a sparse interaction structure.\nIn this review we provide a concise and systematic introduction to the main\ntools and results in this field. We show how the spectra of sparse\nnon-Hermitian matrices can be computed via an analogy with infinite dimensional\noperators obeying certain recursion relations. With reference to three\nillustrative examples -- adjacency matrices of regular oriented graphs,\nadjacency matrices of oriented Erd\\H{o}s-R\\'{e}nyi graphs, and adjacency\nmatrices of weighted oriented Erd\\H{o}s-R\\'{e}nyi graphs -- we demonstrate the\nuse of these methods to obtain both analytic and numerical results for the\nspectrum, the spectral distribution, the location of outlier eigenvalues, and\nthe statistical properties of eigenvectors.",
        "positive": "Multicanonical Study of Coarse-Grained Off-Lattice Models for Folding\n  Heteropolymers: We have performed multicanonical simulations of hydrophobic-hydrophilic\nheteropolymers with two simple effective, coarse-grained off-lattice models to\nstudy the influence of specific interactions in the models on conformational\ntransitions of selected sequences with 20 monomers. Another aspect of the\ninvestigation was the comparison with the purely hydrophobic homopolymer and\nthe study of general conformational properties induced by the \"disorder\" in the\nsequence of a heteropolymer. Furthermore, we applied an optimization algorithm\nto sequences with up to 55 monomers and compared the global-energy minimum\nfound with lowest-energy states identified within the multicanonical\nsimulation. This was used to find out how reliable the multicanonical method\nsamples the free-energy landscape, in particular for low temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Refined bounds on energy harvesting from anisotropic fluctuations: We consider overdamped Brownian particles with two degrees of freedom (DoF)\nthat are confined in a time-varying quadratic potential and are in simultaneous\ncontact with heat baths of different temperatures along the respective DoF. The\nanisotropy in thermal fluctuations can be used to extract work by suitably\nmanipulating the confining potential. The question of what the maximal amount\nof work that can be extracted is has been raised in recent work, and has been\ncomputed under the simplifying assumption that the entropy of the distribution\nof particles (thermodynamic states) remains constant throughout a thermodynamic\ncycle. Indeed, it was shown that the maximal amount of work that can be\nextracted amounts to solving an isoperimetric problem, where the 2-Wasserstein\nlength traversed by thermodynamic states quantifies dissipation that can be\ntraded off against an area integral that quantifies work drawn out of the\nthermal anisotropy. Here, we remove the simplifying assumption on constancy of\nentropy and carry out the analysis without any restriction on the thermodynamic\ncycle. We show that the work drawn can be computed similarly to the case where\nthe entropy is kept constant while the dissipation can be reduced by suitably\ntilting the thermodynamic cycle in a thermodynamic space with one additional\ndimension. Optimal cycles can be locally approximated by solutions to an\nisoperimetric problem in a tilted lower-dimensional subspace.",
        "positive": "Scaling study of diffusion in dynamic crowded spaces: We study Brownian motion in a space with a high density of moving obstacles\nin 1, 2 and 3 dimensions. Our tracers diffuse anomalously over many decades in\ntime, before reaching a diffusive steady state with an effective diffusion\nconstant $D_\\mathrm{eff}$ that depends on the obstacle density and diffusivity.\nThe scaling of $D_\\mathrm{eff}$, above and below a critical regime at the\npercolation point for void space, is characterized by two critical exponents:\nthe conductivity $\\mu$, also found in models with frozen obstacles, and $\\psi$,\nwhich quantifies the effect of obstacle diffusivity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A minimal mechanism leading to discontinuous phase transitions for\n  short-range systems with absorbing states: Motivated by recent findings, we discuss the existence of a direct and robust\nmechanism providing discontinuous absorbing transitions in short range systems\nwith single species, with no extra symmetries or conservation laws. We consider\nvariants of the contact process, in which at least two adjacent particles\n(instead of one, as commonly assumed) are required to create a new species.\nMany interaction rules are analyzed, including distinct cluster annihilations\nand a modified version of the original pair contact process (PCP). Through\ndetailed time dependent numerical simulations we find that for our modified\nmodels, the phase transitions are of first-order, hence contrasting with their\ncorresponding usual formulations in the literature, which are of second-order.\nBy calculating the order-parameter distributions, the obtained bimodal shapes\nas well as the finite scale analysis reinforce coexisting phases, so a\ndiscontinuous transition. These findings strongly suggest that above particle\ncreation requirements constitute a minimum and fundamental mechanism\ndetermining the phase coexistence in short-range contact processes.",
        "positive": "Background Field Functional Renormalization Group for Absorbing State\n  Phase Transitions: We present a functional renormalization group approach for the active to\ninactive phase transition in directed percolation type systems, in which the\ntransition is approached from the active, finite density phase. By expanding\nthe effective potential for the density field around its minimum, we obtain a\nbackground field action functional, which serves as a starting point for the\nfunctional renormalization group approach. Due to the presence of the\nbackground field, the corresponding non-perturbative flow equations yield\nremarkably good estimates for the critical exponents of the directed\npercolation universality class, even in low dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometrical Thermodynamic Field Theory: A manifestly covariant, coordinate independent reformulation of the\nThermodynamic Field Theory (TFT) is presented. The TFT is a covariant field\ntheory that describes the evolution of a thermodynamic system, extending the\nnear-equilibrium theory established by Prigogine in 1954. We introduce the {\\it\nMinimum Dissipation Principle}, which is conjectured to apply to any system\nrelaxing towards a steady-state. We also derive the thermodynamic field\nequations, which in the case of alpha-alpha and beta-beta processes have\nalready appeared in the literature. In more general cases the equations are\nnotably simpler than those previously encountered and they are conjectured to\nhold beyond the weak-field regime. Finally we derive the equations that\ndetermine the steady-states as well as the critical values of the control\nparameters beyond which a steady-state becomes unstable.",
        "positive": "Long-range interacting systems and the Gibbs-Duhem equation: The generalized Gibbs-Duhem equation is obtained for systems with long-range\ninteractions in $d$ spatial dimensions. We consider that particles in the\nsystem interact through a slowly decaying pair potential of the form $1/r^\\nu$\nwith $0\\leq\\nu\\leq d$. The local equation of state is obtained by computing the\nlocal entropy per particle and using the condition of local thermodynamic\nequilibrium. This local equation of state turns out to be that of an ideal gas.\nIntegrating the relation satisfied by local thermodynamic variables over the\nvolume, the equation involving global magnitudes is derived. Thus, the Euler\nrelation is found and we show that it is modified by the addition of a term\nproportional to the total potential energy. This term is responsible for the\nmodification of the Gibbs-Duhem equation. We also point out a close\nrelationship between the thermodynamics of long-range interacting systems and\nthe thermodynamics of small systems introduced by Hill."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal amplitude ratios and Coxeter geometry in the dilute A model: The leading excitations of the dilute $A_L$ model in regime 2 are considered\nusing analytic arguments. The model can be identified with the integrable\n$\\phi_{1,2}$ perturbation of the unitary minimal series $M_{L,L+1}$. It is\ndemonstrated that the excitation spectrum of the transfer matrix satisfies the\nsame functional equations in terms of elliptic functions as the exact\nS-matrices of the $\\phi_{1,2}$ perturbation do in terms of trigonometric\nfunctions. In particular, the bootstrap equation corresponding to a self-fusing\nprocess is recovered. For the special cases $L=3,4,6$ corresponding to the\nIsing model in a magnetic field, and the leading thermal perturbations of the\ntricritical Ising and three-state Potts model, as well as for the unrestricted\nmodel, $L=\\infty$, we relate the structure of the Bethe roots to the Lie\nalgebras $E_{8,7,6}$ and $D_4$ using Coxeter geometry. In these cases Coxeter\ngeometry also allows for a single formula in generic Lie algebraic terms\ndescribing all four cases. For general $L$ we calculate the spectral gaps\nassociated with the leading excitation which allows us to compute universal\namplitude ratios characteristic of the universality class. The ratios are of\nfield theoretic importance as they enter the bulk vacuum expectation value of\nthe energy momentum tensor associated with the corresponding integrable quantum\nfield theories.",
        "positive": "Further details on the phase diagram of hard ellipsoids of revolution: In recent work we revisited the phase diagram of hard ellipsoids of\nrevolution (spheroids) by means of replica exchange Monte Carlo simulations.\nThis was done by setting random initial configurations, and allows to confirm\nthe formation of sm2 crystal structures at high densities [Phys. Rev. E 75,\n020402 (2007)] for large anisotropies and stretched-fcc for small anisotropies.\nIn this work we employed the same technique but setting the starting cells as\nsm2 crystal structures having the maximum known packing density [Phys. Rev.\nLett. 92, 255506 (2004)]. This procedure yields a very rich behavior for\nquasi-spherical oblates and prolates. These systems, from low to high\npressures, show the following phases: isotropic fluid, plastic solid,\nstretched-fcc solid, and sm2 solid. The first three transitions are first\norder, whereas the last one is a subtle, probably high order transition. This\npicture is consistent with the fact of having the sm2 structure capable of\nproducing the maximally achievable density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates with dipole-dependent scattering\n  length: We consider a Bose-Einstein condensate of polar molecules in a harmonic trap,\nwhere the effective dipole may be tuned by an external field. We demonstrate\nthat taking into account the dependence of the scattering length on the dipole\nmoment is essential to reproducing the correct energies and for predicting the\nstability of the condensate. We do this by comparing Gross-Pitaevskii\ncalculations with diffusion Monte Carlo calculations. We find very good\nagreement between the results obtained by these two approaches once the dipole\ndependence of the scattering length is taken into account. We also examine the\nbehavior of the condensate in non-isotropic traps.",
        "positive": "Understanding and Controlling Regime Switching in Molecular Diffusion: Diffusion can be strongly affected by ballistic flights (long jumps) as well\nas long-lived sticking trajectories (long sticks). Using statistical inference\ntechniques in the spirit of Granger causality, we investigate the appearance of\nlong jumps and sticks in molecular-dynamics simulations of diffusion in a\nprototype system, a benzene molecule on a graphite substrate. We find that\nspecific fluctuations in certain, but not all, internal degrees of freedom of\nthe molecule can be linked to either long jumps or sticks. Furthermore, by\nchanging the prevalence of these predictors with an outside influence, the\ndiffusion of the molecule can be controlled. The approach presented in this\nproof of concept study is very generic, and can be applied to larger and more\ncomplex molecules. Additionally, the predictor variables can be chosen in a\ngeneral way so as to be accessible in experiments, making the method feasible\nfor control of diffusion in applications. Our results also demonstrate that\ndata-mining techniques can be used to investigate the phase-space structure of\nhigh-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How dissipation constrains fluctuations in nonequilibrium liquids:\n  Diffusion, structure and biased interactions: The dynamics and structure of nonequilibrium liquids, driven by\nnon-conservative forces which can be either external or internal, generically\nhold the signature of the net dissipation of energy in the thermostat. Yet,\ndisentangling precisely how dissipation changes collective effects remains\nchallenging in many-body systems due to the complex interplay between driving\nand particle interactions. First, we combine explicit coarse-graining and\nstochastic calculus to obtain simple relations between diffusion, density\ncorrelations and dissipation in nonequilibrium liquids. Based on these results,\nwe consider large-deviation biased ensembles where trajectories mimic the\neffect of an external drive. The choice of the biasing function is informed by\nthe connection between dissipation and structure derived in the first part.\nUsing analytical and computational techniques, we show that biasing\ntrajectories effectively renormalizes interactions in a controlled manner, thus\nproviding intuition on how driving forces can lead to spatial organization and\ncollective dynamics. Altogether, our results show how tuning dissipation\nprovides a route to alter the structure and dynamics of liquids and soft\nmaterials.",
        "positive": "Order parameter dynamics of the non-linear sigma model in the large $N$\n  limit: We study non-equilibrium order parameter dynamics of the non-linear sigma\nmodel in the large $N$ limit, using Keldysh formalism. We provide a scheme for\nobtaining stable numerical solutions of the Keldysh saddle point equations, and\nuse them to study the order parameter dynamics of the model either following a\nramp, or in the presence of a periodic drive. We find that the transient\ndynamics of the order parameter in the presence of a periodic drive is\ncontrolled by the drive frequency displaying the phenomenon of synchronization.\nWe also study the approach of the order parameter to its steady state value\nfollowing a ramp and find out the effective temperature of the steady state. We\nchart out the steady state temperature of the ordered phase as a function of\nramp time and amplitude, and discuss the relation of our results to\nexperimentally realizable spin models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A single-frequency test for one-parameter models of the linear\n  thermo-visco-elastic response of glass-forming liquids: A master equation description of the inherent dynamics is used to calculate\nthe frequency-dependent linear thermo-visco-elastic response functions of a\nglass-forming liquid. From the imaginary parts of the isobaric specific heat,\nisothermal bulk modulus, and isobaric thermal expansion coefficient, we define\na quantity $\\Lambda_{Tp}(\\omega)$ with the property that\n$\\Lambda_{Tp}(\\omega)=1$ is equivalent to having a one-parameter description of\nthe linear thermo-visco-elastic response. This provides an alternative to the\nwell-known criterion based on the Prigogine-Defay ratio.",
        "positive": "Random Sequential Adsorption of Mixtures of Dimers and Monomers on a\n  Pre-Treated Bethe Lattice: We report studies of random sequential adsorption on the pre-patterned Bethe\nlattice. We consider a partially covered Bethe lattice, on which monomers and\ndimers deposit competitively. Analytical solutions are obtained and discussed\nin the context of recent efforts to use pre-patterning as a tool to improve\nself-assembly in micro- and nano-scale surface structure engineering."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipation and Entropy Production in Deterministic Heat Conduction of\n  Quasi-one-dimensional Systems: We explore the consequences of a deterministic microscopic\nthermostat-reservoir contact mechanism. With different temperature reservoirs\nat each end of a two-dimensional system, a heat current is produced and the\nsystem has an anomalous thermal conductivity. The microscopic form for the\nlocal heat flux vector is derived and both the kinetic and potential\ncontributions are calculated. The total heat flux vector is shown to satisfy\nthe continuity equation. The properties of this nonequilibrium steady state are\nstudied as a function of system size and temperature gradient identifying key\nscaling relations for the local fluid properties and separating bulk and\nboundary effects. The local entropy density calculated from the local\nequilibrium distribution is shown to be a very good approximation to the\nentropy density calculated directly from velocity distribution even for systems\nthat are far from equilibrium. The dissipation and kinetic entropy production\nand flux are compared quantitatively and the differing mechanisms discussed\nwithin the BGY approximation. For equal temperature reservoirs the entropy\nproduction near the reservoir walls is shown to be proportional to the local\nphase space contraction calculated from the tangent space dynamics. However,\nfor unequal temperatures, the connection between local entropy production and\nlocal phase space contraction is more complicated.",
        "positive": "Factorized ground state for a general class of ferrimagnets: We have found the exact (factorized) ground state of a general class of\nferrimagnets in the presence of a magnetic field which covers the frustrated,\nanisotropic and long range interactions for arbitrary dimensional space. In\nparticular cases, our model represents the bond-alternating,\nferromagnet-antiferromagnet and also homogeneous spin $s$ model. The factorized\nground state is a product of single particle kets on a bipartite lattice\ncomposed of two different spins ($\\rho, \\sigma$). The spin waves analysis\naround the exact ground state show two branch of excitations which is the\norigin of two dynamics of the model. The signature of these dynamics is\naddressed as a peak and a broaden bump in the specific heat."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Estimation of the equilibrium free energy for glasses using the\n  Jarzynski equality: The free energy of glasses cannot be estimated using thermodynamic\nintegration, as glasses are intrinsically not in equilibrium. We present\nnumerical simulations showing that, in contrast, plausible free-energy\nestimates of a Kob-Andersen glass can be obtained using the Jarzynski relation.\nUsing the Jarzynski relation, we also compute the chemical potential difference\nof the two components of this system, and find that, in the glassy regime, the\nJarzynski estimate matches well with the extrapolated value of the supercooled\nliquid. Our findings are of broader interest as they show that the Jarzynski\nmethod can be used under conditions where the thermodynamic integration\napproach, which is normally more accurate, breaks down completely. Systems\nwhere such an approach might be useful are gels and jammed, glassy structures\nformed by compression.",
        "positive": "Finite size scaling theory for percolation with multiple giant clusters: A approach of finite size scaling theory for discontinous percolation with\nmultiple giant clusters is developed in this paper. The percolation in\ngeneralized Bohman-Frieze-Wormald (BFW) model has already been proved to be\ndiscontinuous phase transition. In the evolution process, the size of largest\ncluster $s_1$ increases in a stairscase way and its fluctuation shows a series\nof peaks corresponding to the jumps of $s_1$ from one stair to another. Several\nlargest jumps of the size of largest cluster from single edge are studied by\nextensive Monte Carlo simulation. $\\overline{\\Delta}_k(N)$ which is the mean of\nthe $k$th largest jump of largest cluster, $\\overline{r}_k(N)$ which is the\ncorresponding averaged edge density, $\\sigma_{\\Delta,k}(N)$ which is the\nstandard deviation of $\\Delta_k$ and $\\sigma_{r,k}(N)$ which is the standard\ndeviation of $r_k$ are analyzed. Rich power law behaviours are found for\n$\\overline{r}_k(N)$, $\\sigma_{\\Delta,k}(N)$ and $\\sigma_{r,k}(N)$ with critical\nexponents denoted as $1/\\nu_1$, $(\\beta/\\nu)_2$ and $1/\\nu_2$. Unlike\ncontinuous percolation where the exact critical thresholds and critical\nexponent $1/\\nu_1$ are used for finite size scaling, the size-dependent pseudo\ncritical thresholds $\\overline{r}_k(N)$ and $1/\\nu_2$ works for the data\ncollapse of the curves of largest cluster and its fluctuation in discontinuous\npercolation in BFW model. Further, data collapse can be obtained part by part.\nThat is, $s_1(r,N)$ can be collapsed for each jump from one stair to another\nand its fluctuation can be collapsed around each peak with the corresponding\n$\\overline{r}_k(N)$ and $1/\\nu_2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superfluidity of Grain Boundaries in Solid Helium-4: By large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations we show that grain boundaries\nin Helium-4 crystals are generically superfluid at low temperature, with a\ntransition temperature of the order of ~0.5K at the melting pressure;\ninsulating grain boundaries are found only for special orientations of the\ngrains. We also find that close vicinity to the melting line is not a necessary\ncondition for superfluid grain boundaries, and a grain boundary in direct\ncontact with the superfluid liquid at the melting curve is found to be\nmechanically stable and the grain boundary superfluidity observed by Sasaki et\nal. [Science 313, 1098 (2006)] is not just a crack filled with superfluid.",
        "positive": "An out-of-equilibrium model of the distributions of wealth: The distribution of wealth among the members of a society is herein assumed\nto result from two fundamental mechanisms, trade and investment. An empirical\ndistribution of wealth shows an abrupt change between the low-medium range,\nthat may be fitted by a non-monotonic function with an exponential-like tail\nsuch as a Gamma distribution, and the high wealth range, that is well fitted by\na Pareto or inverse power-law function. We demonstrate that an appropriate\ntrade-investment model, depending on three adjustable parameters associated\nwith the total wealth of a society, a social differentiation among agents, and\neconomic volatility referred to as investment can successfully reproduce the\ndistribution of empirical wealth data in the low, medium and high ranges.\nFinally, we provide an economic interpretation of the mechanisms in the model\nand, in particular, we discuss the difference between Classical and\nNeoclassical theories regarding the concepts of {\\it value} and {\\it price}. We\nconsider the importance that out-of-equilibrium trade transactions, where the\nprices differ from values, have in real economic societies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Three lectures on statistical mechanics: These lectures were prepared for the 2014 PCMI graduate summer school and\nwere designed to be a lightweight introduction to statistical mechanics for\nmathematicians. The applications feature some of the themes of the summer\nschool: sphere packings and tilings.",
        "positive": "Unusual Transport Properties with Non-Commutative System-Bath Coupling\n  Operators: Understanding non-equilibrium heat transport is crucial for controling heat\nflow in nano-scale systems. We study thermal energy transfer in a generalized\nnon-equilibrium spin-boson model (NESB) with non-commutative system-bath\ncoupling operators and discover unusual transport properties. Compared to the\nconventional NESB, the heat current is greatly enhanced by rotating the\ncoupling operators. Constructive contribution to thermal rectification can be\noptimized when two sources of asymmetry, system-bath coupling strength and\ncoupling operators, coexist. At the weak coupling and the adiabatic limit, the\nscaling dependence of heat current on the coupling strength and the system\nenergy gap changes drastically when the coupling operators become\nnon-commutative. These scaling relations can further be explained analytically\nby the non-equilibrium polaron-transformed Redfield equation. These novel\ntransport properties, arising from the pure quantum effect of non-commutative\ncoupling operators, should generally appear in other non-equilibrium set-ups\nand driven-systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral properties of stochastic processes possessing finite\n  propagation velocity: This article investigates the spectral structure of the evolution operators\nassociated with the statistical description of stochastic processes possessing\nfinite propagation velocity. Generalized Poisson-Kac processes and L\\'evy walks\nare explicitly considered as paradigmatic examples of regular and anomalous\ndynamics. A generic spectral feature of these processes is the\nlower-boundedness of the real part of the eigenvalue spectrum, corresponding to\nan upper limit for the spectral dispersion curve, physically expressing the\nrelaxation rate of a disturbance as a function of the wave vector. We analyze\nalso Generalized Poisson-Kac processes possessing a continuum of stochastic\nstates parametrized with respect to the velocity. In this case, there exists a\ncritical value of the wavevector above which the point spectrum ceases to\nexist, and the relaxation dynamics becomes controlled by the essential part of\nthe spectrum. This model can be extended to the quantum case and, in point of\nfact, it represents a simple and highlighting example of a sub-quantum dynamics\nwith hidden variables.",
        "positive": "Comment on `Equilibrium crystal shape of the Potts model at the\n  first-order transition point': We comment on the article by Fujimoto (1997 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., Vol. 30,\n3779), where the exact equilibrium crystal shape (ECS) in the critical Q-state\nPotts model on the square lattice was calculated, and its equivalence with ECS\nin the Ising model was established. We confirm these results, giving their\nalternative derivation applying the transformation properties of the\none-particle dispersion relation in the six-vertex model. It is shown, that\nthis dispersion relation is identical with that in the Ising model on the\nsquare lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Origin of the spontaneous oscillations in a simplified\n  coagulation-fragmentation system driven by a source: We consider a system of aggregated clusters of particles, subjected to\ncoagulation and fragmentation processes with mass dependent rates. Each monomer\nparticle can aggregate with larger clusters, and each cluster can fragment into\nindividual monomers with a rate directly proportional to the aggregation rate.\nThe dynamics of the cluster densities is governed by a set of Smoluchowski\nequations, and we consider the addition of a source of monomers at constant\nrate. The whole dynamics can be reduced to solving a unique non-linear\ndifferential equation which displays self-oscillations in a specific range of\nparameters, and for a number of distinct clusters in the system large enough.\nThis collective phenomenon is due to the presence of a fluctuating damping\ncoefficient and is closely related to the Li\\'enard self-oscillation mechanism\nobserved in a more general class of physical systems such as the van der Pol\noscillator.",
        "positive": "Phase transition in a directed traffic flow network: The generic feature of traffic in a network of flowing electronic data\npackets is a phase transition from a stationary free-flow phase to a\ncontinuously growing congested non-stationary phase. In the most simple network\nof directed oriented square lattice we have been able to observe all crucial\nfeatures of such flow systems having non-trivial critical behavior near the\ncritical point of transition. The network here is in the shape of a square\nlattice and data packets are randomly posted with a rate $\\rho$ at one side of\nthe lattice. Each packet executes a directed diffusive motion towards the\nopposite boundary where it is delivered. Packets accumulated at a particular\nnode form a queue and a maximum of $m$ such packets randomly jump out of this\nnode at every time step to its neighbors on a first-in-first-out (FIFO) basis.\nThe phase transition occurs at $\\rho_c=m$. The distribution of travel times\nthrough the system is found to have a log-normal behavior and the\npower-spectrum of the load time-series shows $1/f$ like noise similar to the\nscenario of Internet traffic."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collective behaviours: from biochemical kinetics to electronic circuits: In this work we aim to highlight a close analogy between cooperative\nbehaviors in chemical kinetics and cybernetics; this is realized by using a\ncommon language for their description, that is mean-field statistical\nmechanics. First, we perform a one-to-one mapping between paradigmatic\nbehaviors in chemical kinetics (i.e., non-cooperative, cooperative,\nultra-sensitive, anti-cooperative) and in mean-field statistical mechanics\n(i.e., paramagnetic, high and low temperature ferromagnetic,\nanti-ferromagnetic). Interestingly, the statistical mechanics approach allows a\nunified, broad theory for all scenarios and, in particular, Michaelis-Menten,\nHill and Adair equations are consistently recovered. This framework is then\ntested against experimental biological data with an overall excellent\nagreement. One step forward, we consistently read the whole mapping from a\ncybernetic perspective, highlighting deep structural analogies between the\nabove-mentioned kinetics and fundamental bricks in electronics (i.e.\noperational amplifiers, flashes, flip-flops), so to build a clear bridge\nlinking biochemical kinetics and cybernetics.",
        "positive": "Meaning of temperature in different thermostatistical ensembles: Depending on the exact experimental conditions, the thermodynamic properties\nof physical systems can be related to one or more thermostatistical ensembles.\nHere, we survey the notion of thermodynamic temperature in different\nstatistical ensembles, focusing in particular on subtleties that arise when\nensembles become non-equivalent. The 'mother' of all ensembles, the\nmicrocanonical ensemble, uses entropy and internal energy (the most\nfundamental, dynamically conserved quantity) to derive temperature as a\nsecondary thermodynamic variable. Over the past century, some confusion has\nbeen caused by the fact that several competing microcanonical entropy\ndefinitions are used in the literature, most commonly the volume and surface\nentropies introduced by Gibbs. It can be proved, however, that only the volume\nentropy satisfies exactly the traditional form of the laws of thermodynamics\nfor a broad class of physical systems, including all standard classical\nHamiltonian systems, regardless of their size. This mathematically rigorous\nfact implies that negative 'absolute' temperatures and Carnot efficiencies $>1$\nare not achievable within a standard thermodynamical framework. As an important\noffspring of microcanonical thermostatistics, we shall briefly consider the\ncanonical ensemble and comment on the validity of the Boltzmann weight factor.\nWe conclude by addressing open mathematical problems that arise for systems\nwith discrete energy spectrum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous 1D fluctuations of a simple 2D random walk in a large\n  deviation regime: The following question is the subject of our work: could a two-dimensional\nrandom path pushed by some constraints to an improbable \"large deviation\nregime\", possess extreme statistics with one-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n(KPZ) fluctuations? The answer is positive, though non-universal, since the\nfluctuations depend on the underlying geometry. We consider in details two\nexamples of 2D systems for which imposed external constraints force the\nunderlying stationary stochastic process to stay in an atypical regime with\nanomalous statistics. The first example deals with the fluctuations of a\nstretched 2D random walk above a semicircle or a triangle. In the second\nexample we consider a 2D biased random walk along a channel with forbidden\nvoids of circular and triangular shapes. In both cases we are interested in the\ndependence of a typical span $\\left< d(t) \\right> \\sim t^{\\gamma}$ of the\ntrajectory of $t$ steps above the top of the semicircle or the triangle. We\nshow that $\\gamma = \\frac{1}{3}$, i.e. $\\left< d(t) \\right>$ shares the KPZ\nstatistics for the semicircle, while $\\gamma=0$ for the triangle. We propose\nheuristic derivations of scaling exponents $\\gamma$ for different geometries,\njustify them by explicit analytic computations and compare with numeric\nsimulations. For practical purposes, our results demonstrate that the geometry\nof voids in a channel might have a crucial impact on the width of the boundary\nlayer and, thus, on the heat transfer in the channel.",
        "positive": "Measurement-induced phase transition in a classical, chaotic many-body\n  system: Local measurements in quantum systems are projective operations which act to\ncounteract the spread of quantum entanglement. Recent work has shown that\nlocal, random measurements applied to a generic volume-law entanglement\ngenerating many-body system are able to force a transition into an area-law\nphase. This work shows that projective operations can also force a similar\nclassical phase transition; we show that local projections in a chaotic system\ncan freeze information dynamics. In rough analogy with measurement-induced\nphase transitions, this is characterized by an absence of information spreading\ninstead of entanglement entropy. We leverage a damage-spreading model of the\nclassical transition to predict the butterfly velocity of the system both near\nto and away from the transition point. We map out the full phase diagram and\nshow that the critical point is shifted by local projections, but remains in\nthe directed percolation universality class. We discuss the implication for\nother classical chaotic many-body systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Drift induced by dissipation: Active particles have become a subject of intense interest across several\ndisciplines from animal behavior to granular physics. Usually the models of\nsuch particles contain an explicit internal driving. Here we propose a model\nwith implicit driving in the sense that the behavior of our particle is fully\ndissipative at zero temperature but becomes active in the presence of seemingly\ninnocent equilibrium fluctuations. The mechanism of activity is related to the\nbreaking of the gradient structure in the chemo-mechanical coupling. We show\nthat the thermodynamics of such active particles depends crucially on inertia\nand cannot be correctly captured in the standard Smoluchowski limit. To deal\nwith stall conditions, we generalize the definition of Stokes efficiency,\nassessing the quality of active force generation. We propose a simple\nrealization of the model in terms of an electric circuit capable of turning\nfluctuations into a directed current without an explicit source of voltage.",
        "positive": "Strength of Mechanical Memories is Maximal at the Yield Point of a Soft\n  Glass: We show experimentally that both single and multiple mechanical memories can\nbe encoded in an amorphous bubble raft, a prototypical soft glass, subject to\nan oscillatory strain. In line with recent numerical results, we find that\nmultiple memories can be formed sans external noise. By systematically\ninvestigating memory formation for a range of training strain amplitudes\nspanning yield, we find clear signatures of memory even beyond yielding. Most\nstrikingly, the extent to which the system recollects memory is largest for\ntraining amplitudes near the yield strain and is a direct consequence of the\nspatial extent over which the system reorganizes during the encoding process.\nOur study further suggests that the evolution of force networks on training\nplays a decisive role in memory formation in jammed packings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to Comment on ``Thermal Model for Adaptive Competition in a\n  Market'': We reply to the Comment of Challet et al. [cond-mat/0004308] on our paper\n[Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4429 (1999)]. We show that the claim of the Comment that\nthe effects of the temperature in the Thermal Minority Game ``can be eliminated\nby time rescaling'' and consequently the behaviour is ``independent of T'' has\nno general validity.",
        "positive": "A (reactive) lattice-gas approach to economic cycles: A microscopic approach to macroeconomic features is intended. A model for\nmacroeconomic behavior under heterogeneous spatial economic conditions is\nreviewed. A birth-death lattice gas model taking into account the influence of\nan economic environment on the fitness and concentration evolution of economic\nentities is numerically and analytically examined. The reaction-diffusion model\ncan be also mapped onto a high order logistic map. The role of the selection\npressure along various dynamics with entity diffusion on a square symmetry\nlattice has been studied by Monte-Carlo simulation. The model leads to a sort\nof phase transition for the fitness gap as a function of the selection pressure\nand to cycles. The control parameter is a (scalar) ''business plan''. The\nbusiness plan(s) allows for spin-offs or merging and enterprise survival\nevolution law(s), whence bifurcations, cycles and chaotic behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A mathematical structure for the generalization of the conventional\n  algebra: An abstract mathematical framework is presented in this paper as a\nunification of several deformed or generalized algebra proposed recently in the\ncontext of generalized statistical theories intended to treat certain complex\nthermodynamic or statistical systems. It is shown that, from mathematical point\nof view, any bijective function can be used in principle to formulate an\nalgebra in which the conventional algebraic rules are generalized.",
        "positive": "Non-parametric segmentation of non-stationary time series: The non-stationary evolution of observable quantities in complex systems can\nfrequently be described as a juxtaposition of quasi-stationary spells. Given\nthat standard theoretical and data analysis approaches usually rely on the\nassumption of stationarity, it is important to detect in real time series\nintervals holding that property. With that aim, we introduce a segmentation\nalgorithm based on a fully non-parametric approach. We illustrate its\napplicability through the analysis of real time series presenting diverse\ndegrees of non-stationarity, thus showing that this segmentation procedure\ngeneralizes and allows to uncover features unresolved by previous proposals\nbased on the discrepancy of low order statistical moments only."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean first-passage time of a random walker under Galilean transformation: We consider a continuous-time random walk model with finite-mean\nwaiting-times and we study the mean first-passage time (MFPT) as estimated by\nan observer in a reference frame $\\mathcal{S}$, that is co-moving with a\ntarget, and by an observer in a reference frame $\\mathcal{S}'$, that is in\nuniform motion with respect to the target through a Galilean transformation. We\nfound that the simple picture emerging in $\\mathcal{S}$, where the mean\nfirst-passage time depends on the whole jump distribution but only on the mean\nvalue of the waiting-times, does indeed not hold in $\\mathcal{S}'$ where the\nestimation depends on the whole jump distribution and also on the whole\ndistribution of the waiting-times. We derive the class of jump-size\ndistributions such that the dependence of the MFPT on the mean waiting-time\nonly is conserved also in $\\mathcal{S}'$. However, if the MFPT is finite, the\ndependence on the specific waiting-time distribution disappears in\n$\\mathcal{S}'$ when the initial position is sufficiently far-away from the\ntarget. While the MFPT emerges to be Galilean invariant with both two-sided and\none-sided jump distributions with finite moments, the MFPT is not a Galilean\ninvariant for one-sided jump distribution with power-law tails (one-sided\nL\\'evy distributions).",
        "positive": "Modelling Disorder: the Cases of Wetting and DNA Denaturation: We study the effect of the composition of the genetic sequence on the melting\ntemperature of double stranded DNA, using some simple analytically solvable\nmodels proposed in the framework of the wetting problem. We review previous\nwork on disordered versions of these models and solve them when there were not\npreexistent solutions. We check the solutions with Monte Carlo simulations and\ntransfer matrix numerical calculations. We present numerical evidence that\nsuggests that the logarithmic corrections to the critical temperature due to\ndisorder, previously found in RSOS models, apply more generally to ASOS and\ncontinuous models. The agreement between the theoretical models and\nexperimental data shows that, in this context, disorder should be the crucial\ningredient of any model while other aspects may be kept very simple, an\napproach that can be useful for a wider class of problems. Our work has also\nimplications for the existence of correlations in DNA sequences."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Langevin equations: Markovian and non-Markovian dynamics: Non-Markovian stochastic Langevin-like equations of motion are compared to\ntheir corresponding Markovian (local) approximations. The validity of the local\napproximation for these equations, when contrasted with the fully nonlocal\nones, is analyzed in details. The conditions for when the equation in a local\nform can be considered a good approximation are then explicitly specified. We\nstudy both the cases of additive and multiplicative noises, including system\ndependent dissipation terms, according to the Fluctuation-Dissipation theorem.",
        "positive": "The critical behavior of frustrated spin models with noncollinear order: We study the critical behavior of frustrated spin models with noncollinear\norder, including stacked triangular antiferromagnets and helimagnets. For this\npurpose we compute the field-theoretic expansions at fixed dimension to six\nloops and determine their large-order behavior. For the physically relevant\ncases of two and three components, we show the existence of a new stable fixed\npoint that corresponds to the conjectured chiral universality class. This\ncontradicts previous three-loop field-theoretical results but is in agreement\nwith experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Overlaps in the Lieb-Liniger Model from Coordinate Bethe Ansatz: In the paper arXiv:2002.12065, the authors developed a new method to compute\nthe exact overlap formulas between integrable boundary states and on-shell\nBethe states in integrable spin chains. This method utilizes the coordinate\nBethe ansatz representation of wave functions and singularity property of the\noff-shell overlaps. In this paper, we use this new method to derive the formula\nfor overlaps between the Lieb-Liniger Bethe states and the Bose-Einstein\ncondensate (BEC) state. As a simple application this method, we obtained the\noverlaps between the Lieb-Liniger eigenstates and the free particle states with\npair structure.",
        "positive": "Kubo formula for finite size systems: We demonstrate that the proper calculation of the linear response for\nfinite-size systems can only be performed if the coupling to the leads/baths is\nexplicitly taken into consideration. We exemplify this by obtaining a Kubo-type\nformula for heat transport in a finite-size system coupled to two thermal\nbaths, kept at different temperatures. We show that the proper calculation\nresults in a well-behaved response, without the singular contributions from\ndegenerate states encountered when Kubo formulae for infinite-size systems are\ninappropriately used for finite-size systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One-dimensional Ising model with long-range and random short-range\n  interactions: The one-dimensional Ising model in an external magnetic field with uniform\nlong-range interactions and random short-range interactions satisfying bimodal\nannealed distributions is studied. This generalizes the random model discussed\nby Paladin et al. (J. Phys. I France 4, 1994, p. 1597). Exact results are\nobtained for the thermodynamic functions at arbitrary temperatures, and special\nattention is given to the induced and spontaneous magnetization. At low\ntemperatures the system can exist in a ``ferrimagnetic'' phase with\nmagnetization 0<m<1, in addition to the usual paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and\nantiferromagnetic phases. For a fixed distribution of the random variables the\nsystem presents up to three tricritical points for different intensities of the\nlong-range interactions. Field-temperature diagrams can present up to four\ncritical points.",
        "positive": "Random matrices and entanglement entropy of trapped Fermi gases: We exploit and clarify the use of random matrix theory for the calculation of\nthe entanglement entropy of free Fermi gases. We apply this method to obtain\nanalytic predictions for Renyi entanglement entropies of a one-dimensional gas\ntrapped by a harmonic potential in all the relevant scaling regimes. We confirm\nour findings with accurate numerical calculations obtained by means of an\ningenious discretisation of the reduced correlation matrix."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo simulation of joint density of states in one-dimensional\n  Lebwohl-Lasher model using Wang-Landau algorithm: Monte Carlo simulation using the Wang-Landau algorithm has been performed in\nan one-dimensional Lebwohl-Lasher model. Both one-dimensional and\ntwo-dimensional random walks have been carried out. The results are compared\nwith the exact results which are available for this model.",
        "positive": "Spectral fluctuations of billiards with mixed dynamics: from time series\n  to superstatistics: A statistical analysis of the eigenfrequencies of two sets of superconducting\nmicrowave billiards, one with mushroom-like shape and the other from the\nfamiliy of the Limacon billiards, is presented. These billiards have mixed\nregular-chaotic dynamics but different structures in their classical phase\nspaces. The spectrum of each billiard is represented as a time series where the\nlevel order plays the role of time. Two most important findings follow from the\ntime-series analysis. First, the spectra can be characterized by two distinct\nrelaxation lengths. This is a prerequisite for the validity of the\nsuperstatistical approach which is based on the folding of two distribution\nfunctions. Second, the shape of the resulting probability density function of\nthe so-called superstatistical parameter is reasonably approximated by an\ninverse chi-square distribution. This distribution is used to compute\nnearest-neighbor spacing distributions and compare them with those of the\nresonance frequencies of billiards with mixed dynamics within the framework of\nsuperstatistics. The obtained spacing distribution is found to present a good\ndescription of the experimental ones and is of the same or even better quality\nas a number of other spacing distributions, including the one from Berry and\nRobnik. However, in contrast to other approaches towards a theoretical\ndescription of spectral properties of systems with mixed dynamics,\nsuperstatistics also provides a description of properties of the\neigenfunctions. Indeed, the inverse chi-square parameter distribution is found\nsuitable for the analysis of experimental resonance strengths in the Limacon\nbilliards within the framework of superstatistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Graded cluster expansion for lattice systems: In this paper we develop a general theory which provides a unified treatment\nof two apparently different problems. The weak Gibbs property of measures\narising from the application of Renormalization Group maps and the mixing\nproperties of disordered lattice systems in the Griffiths' phase. We suppose\nthat the system satisfies a mixing condition in a subset of the lattice whose\ncomplement is sparse enough namely, large regions are widely separated. We then\nshow how it is possible to construct a convergent multi-scale cluster\nexpansion.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions and order in two-dimensional generalized nonlinear\n  $\u03c3$-models: We study phase transitions and the nature of order in a class of classical\ngeneralized $O(N)$ nonlinear $\\sigma$-models (NLS) constructed by minimally\ncoupling pure NLS with additional degrees of freedom in the form of (i) Ising\nferromagnetic spins, (ii) an advective Stokesian velocity and (iii)\nmultiplicative noises. In examples (i) and (ii), and also (iii) with the\nassociated multiplicative noise being not sufficiently long-ranged, we show\nthat the models may display a class of unusual phase transitions between {\\em\nstiff} and {\\em soft phases}, where the effective spin stiffness, respectively,\ndiverges and vanishes in the long wavelength limit at two dimensions ($2d$),\nunlike in pure NLS. In the stiff phase, in the thermodynamic limit the variance\nof the transverse spin (or, the Goldstone mode) fluctuations are found to scale\nwith the system size $L$ in $2d$ as $\\ln\\ln L$ with a model-dependent\namplitude, that is markedly weaker than the well-known $\\ln L$-dependence of\nthe variance of the broken symmetry modes in models that display quasi-long\nrange order in $2d$. Equivalently, for $N=2$ at $2d$ the equal-time spin-spin\ncorrelations decay in powers of inverse logarithm of the spatial separation\nwith model-dependent exponents. These transitions are controlled by the model\nparameters those couple the $O(N)$ spins with the additional variables. In the\npresence of long-range noises in example (iii), true long-range order may set\nin $2d$, depending upon the specific details of the underlying dynamics. Our\nresults should be useful in understanding phase transitions in equilibrium and\nnonequilibrium low-dimensional systems with continuous symmetries in general."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extreme current fluctuations of boundary-driven systems in the large-N\n  limit: Current fluctuations in boundary-driven diffusive systems are, in many cases,\nstudied using hydrodynamic theories. Their predictions are then expected to be\nvalid for currents which scale inversely with the system size. To study this\nquestion in detail, we introduce a class of large-N models of one-dimensional\nboundary-driven diffusive systems, whose current large deviation functions are\nexactly derivable for any finite number of sites. Surprisingly, we find that\nfor some systems the predictions of the hydrodynamic theory may hold well\nbeyond their naive regime of validity. Specifically, we show that, while a\nsymmetric partial exclusion process exhibits non-hydrodynamic behaviors\nsufficiently far beyond the naive hydrodynamic regime, a symmetric inclusion\nprocess is well described by the hydrodynamic theory for arbitrarily large\ncurrents. We conjecture, and verify for zero-range processes, that the\nhydrodynamic theory captures the statistics of arbitrarily large currents for\nall models where the mobility coefficient as a function of density is unbounded\nfrom above. In addition, for the large-N models, we prove the additivity\nprinciple under the assumption that the large deviation function has no\ndiscontinuous transitions.",
        "positive": "First-order theta-point of a single polymer chain: Conformational transitions of a single macromolecule of finite size $N$\ncannot be described within standard thermodynamic framework. Taking as a basis\na simple model of homopolymer exhibiting a coil-globule transition, we show\nthat a relevant approach is to describe the thermal equilibrium distribution\n$P_N^{(\\beta)}(t)$ of some variable $t$ characterizing the conformation.\nAlthough the mean order parameter exhibits a second-order behaviour in the\ninfinite-size limit, the $\\Theta$-point arises from the coexistence of two\ndistinct populations, associated with two well-separated peaks of\n$P_N^{(\\beta)}(t)$ and identified respectively with a coil state and a globule\nstate. Remarkably, this first-order feature increases with the size of the\nchain. It allows to describe the transition within a two-state model,\nwell-suited to analyse experimental data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reentrant magnetic ordering and percolation in a spin-crossover system: Spin-crossover compounds, which are characterized by magnetic ions showing\nlow-spin and high-spin states at thermally accessible energies, are ubiquitous\nin nature. We here focus on the effect of an exchange interaction on the\ncollective properties for the case of non-magnetic low-spin ions, which applies\nto Fe(II) compounds. Monte Carlo simulations are used to study a\nthree-dimensional spin-crossover model for the full parameter range from\nessentially pure high spin to essentially pure low spin. We find that as the\nlow-spin state becomes more favorable, the Curie temperature drops, the\nuniversality class deviates from the three-dimensional Heisenberg class, and\nthe transition eventually changes to first order. A heat-bath algorithm that\ngrows or shrinks low-spin and high-spin domains is developed to handle the\nfirst-order transition. When the ground state has low spin, a reentrant\nmagnetic transition is found in a broad parameter range. We also observe a\npercolation transition of the high spins, which branches off the first-order\nmagnetic transition.",
        "positive": "Correlated correlation functions in random-bond ferromagnets: The two-dimensional random-bond Q-state Potts model is studied for Q near 2\nvia the perturbative renormalisation group to one loop. It is shown that weak\ndisorder induces cross-correlations between the quenched-averages of moments of\nthe two-point spin/spin and energy/energy correlation functions, which should\nbe observable numerically in specific linear combinations of various quenched\ncorrelation functions. The random-bond Ising model in (2+epsilon) dimensions is\nsimilarly treated. As a byproduct, a simple method for deriving the scaling\ndimensions of all moments of the local energy operator is presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The efficiency of the molecular motors: Molecular motors convert chemical energy into mechanical work while operating\nin an environment dominated by Brownian motion. The aim of this paper is to\nexplore the flow of energy between the molecular motors and its surroundings,\nin particular, its efficiency. Based on the Fokker-Planck equation with either\n$N$ or infinite chemical states, we find that the energy efficiency of the\nmolecular motors, whether the Stokes efficiency or the usual thermodynamic\nefficiency, is strictly bounded by 1, because of the dissipation of the energy\nin both the overdamped surroundings and in the process of the chemical\nreaction.",
        "positive": "Some remarks on R\u00e9nyi relative entropy in a thermostatistical\n  framework: In ordinary Boltzmann-Gibbs thermostatistics, the relative entropy expression\nplays the role of generalized free energy, providing the difference between the\noff-equilibrium and equilibrium free energy terms associated with\nBoltzmann-Gibbs entropy. In this context, we studied whether this physical\nmeaning can be given to R\\'{e}nyi relative entropy definition found in the\nliterature from a generalized thermostatistical point of view. We find that\nthis is possible only in the limit as $q$ approaches to 1. This shows that\nR\\'{e}nyi relative entropy has a physical (thermostatistical) meaning only when\nthe system can already be explained by ordinary Boltzmann-Gibbs\nthermostatistics. Moreover, this can be taken as an indication of R\\'{e}nyi\nentropy being an equilibrium entropy since any relative entropy definition is a\ntwo-probability generalization of the associated entropy definition. We also\nnote that this result is independent of the internal energy constraint\nemployed. Finally, we comment on the lack of foundation of R\\'{e}nyi relative\nentropy as far as its minimization (which is equivalent to the maximization of\nR\\'{e}nyi entropy) is considered in order to obtain a stationary equilibrium\ndistribution since R\\'{e}nyi relative entropy does not conform to Shore-Johnson\naxioms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact diagonalization: the Bose-Hubbard model as an example: We take the Bose-Hubbard model to illustrate exact diagonalization techniques\nin a pedagogical way. We follow the road of first generating all the basis\nvectors, then setting up the Hamiltonian matrix with respect to this basis, and\nfinally using the Lanczos algorithm to solve low lying eigenstates and\neigenvalues. Emphasis is placed on how to enumerate all the basis vectors and\nhow to use the hashing trick to set up the Hamiltonian matrix or matrices\ncorresponding to other quantities. Although our route is not necessarily the\nmost efficient one in practice, the techniques and ideas introduced are quite\ngeneral and may find use in many other problems.",
        "positive": "Prediction in a driven-dissipative system displaying a continuous phase\n  transition: Prediction in complex systems at criticality is believed to be very\ndifficult, if not impossible. Of particular interest is whether earthquakes,\nwhose distribution follows a power law (Gutenberg-Richter) distribution, are in\nprinciple unpredictable. We study the predictability of event sizes in the\nOlmai-Feder-Christensen model at different proximities to criticality using a\nconvolutional neural network. The distribution of event sizes satisfies a power\nlaw with a cutoff for large events. We find that prediction decreases as\ncriticality is approached and that prediction is possible only for large,\nnon-scaling events. Our results suggest that earthquake faults that satisfy\nGutenberg-Richter scaling are difficult to forecast."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Supplementary material: Topological estimation of percolation thresholds: This is supplementary material for the article arxiv:0708.3250. We provide an\nalternative introduction of the mean Euler Characteristic, additional examples\nand the percolation thresholds for 2-uniform lattices.",
        "positive": "Avalanche dynamics in hierarchical fiber bundles: Heterogeneous materials are often organized in a hierarchical manner, where a\nbasic unit is repeated over multiple scales.The structure then acquires a\nself-similar pattern. Examples of such structure are found in various\nbiological and synthetic materials. The hierarchical structure can have\nsignificant consequences for the failure strength and the mechanical response\nof such systems. Here we consider a fiber bundle model with hierarchical\nstructure and study the effect of the self-similar arrangement on the avalanche\ndynamics exhibited by the model during the approach to failure. We show that\nthe failure strength of the model generally decreases in a hierarchical\nstructure, as opposed to the situation where no such hierarchy exists. However,\nwe also report a special arrangement of the hierarchy for which the failure\nthreshold could be substantially above that of a non hierarchical reference\nstructure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical energy density of O$(n)$ models in $d=3$: A relation between O$(n)$ models and Ising models has been recently\nconjectured [L. Casetti, C. Nardini, and R. Nerattini, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106,\n057208 (2011)]. Such a relation, inspired by an energy landscape analysis,\nimplies that the microcanonical density of states of an O$(n)$ spin model on a\nlattice can be effectively approximated in terms of the density of states of an\nIsing model defined on the same lattice and with the same interactions. Were\nthis relation exact, it would imply that the critical energy densities of all\nthe O$(n)$ models (i.e., the average values per spin of the O$(n)$ Hamiltonians\nat their respective critical temperatures) should be equal to that of the\ncorresponding Ising model; it is therefore worth investigating how different\nthe critical energies are and how this difference depends on $n$.\n  We compare the critical energy densities of O$(n)$ models in three dimensions\nin some specific cases: the O$(1)$ or Ising model, the O$(2)$ or $XY$ model,\nthe O$(3)$ or Heisenberg model, the O$(4)$ model and the O$(\\infty)$ or\nspherical model, all defined on regular cubic lattices and with ferromagnetic\nnearest-neighbor interactions. The values of the critical energy density in the\n$n=2$, $n=3$, and $n=4$ cases are derived through a finite-size scaling\nanalysis of data produced by means of Monte Carlo simulations on lattices with\nup to $128^3$ sites. For $n=2$ and $n=3$ the accuracy of previously known\nresults has been improved. We also derive an interpolation formula showing that\nthe difference between the critical energy densities of O$(n)$ models and that\nof the Ising model is smaller than $1\\%$ if $n<8$ and never exceeds $3\\%$ for\nany $n$.",
        "positive": "Convergence dynamics of 2-dimensional isotropic and anisotropic\n  Bak-Sneppen models: The conventional Hamming distance measurement captures only the short-time\ndynamics of the displacement between the uncorrelated random configurations.\nThe minimum difference technique introduced by Tirnakli and Lyra [Int. J. Mod.\nPhys. C 14, 805 (2003)] is used to study the short-time and long-time dynamics\nof the two distinct random configurations of the isotropic and anisotropic\nBak-Sneppen models on a square lattice. Similar to 1-dimensional case, the time\nevolution of the displacement is intermittent. The scaling behavior of the jump\nactivity rate and waiting time distribution reveal the absence of typical\nspatial-temporal scales in the mechanism of displacement jumps used to quantify\nthe convergence dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuating Multicomponent Lattice Boltzmann Model: Current implementations of fluctuating lattice Boltzmann equations (FLBE)\ndescribe single component fluids. In this paper, a model based on the continuum\nkinetic Boltzmann equation for describing multicomponent fluids is extended to\nincorporate the effects of thermal fluctuations. The thus obtained fluctuating\nBoltzmann equation is first linearized to apply the theory of linear\nfluctuations, and expressions for the noise covariances are determined by\ninvoking the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) directly at the kinetic\nlevel. Crucial for our analysis is the projection of the Boltzmann equation\nonto the ortho-normal Hermite basis. By integrating in space and time the\nfluctuating Boltzmann equation with a discrete number of velocities, the FLBE\nis obtained for both ideal and non-ideal multicomponent fluids. Numerical\nsimulations are specialized to the case where mean-field interactions are\nintroduced on the lattice, indicating a proper thermalization of the system.",
        "positive": "Ion-ion dynamic structure factor, acoustic modes and equation of state\n  of two-temperature warm dense aluminum: The ion-ion dynamical structure factor and the equation of state of warm\ndense aluminum in a two-temperature quasi-equilibrium state, with the electron\ntemperature higher than the ion temperature, are investigated using\nmolecular-dynamics simulations based on ion-ion pair potentials constructed\nfrom a neutral pseudoatom model. Such pair potentials based on density\nfunctional theory are parameter-free and depend directly on the electron\ntemperature and indirectly on the ion temperature, enabling efficient\ncomputation of two-temperature properties. Comparison with ab initio\nsimulations and with other average-atom calculations for equilibrium aluminum\nshows good agreement, justifying a study of quasi-equilibrium situations.\nAnalyzing the van Hove function, we find that ion-ion correlations vanish in a\ntime significantly smaller than the electron-ion relaxation time so that\ndynamical properties have a physical meaning for the quasi-equilibrium state. A\nsignificant increase in the speed of sound is predicted from the modification\nof the dispersion relation of the ion acoustic mode as the electron temperature\nis increased. The two-temperature equation of state including the free energy,\ninternal energy and pressure is also presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mutual information disentangles interactions from changing environments: Real-world systems are characterized by complex interactions of their\ninternal degrees of freedom, while living in ever-changing environments whose\nnet effect is to act as additional couplings. Here, we introduce a paradigmatic\ninteracting model in a switching, but unobserved, environment. We show that the\nlimiting properties of the mutual information of the system allow for a\ndisentangling of these two sources of couplings. Further, our approach might\nstand as a general method to discriminate complex internal interactions from\nequally complex changing environments.",
        "positive": "Self-averaging and criticality: A comparative study in 2d random bond\n  spin models: We investigate and contrast, via the Wang-Landau (WL) algorithm, the effects\nof quenched bond randomness on the self-averaging properties of two Ising spin\nmodels in 2d. The random bond version of the superantiferromagnetic (SAF)\nsquare model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor competing interactions and\nthe corresponding version of the simple ferromagnetic Ising model are studied.\nWe find that, the random bond SAF model shows a strong violation of\nself-averaging, much stronger than that observed in the case of the random bond\nIsing model. Our analysis of the asymptotic scaling behavior of the variance of\nthe distribution of the sample-dependent pseudocritical temperatures is found\nto be consistent with the renormalization group prediction of Aharony and\nHarris. Using this alternative approach, we find estimates of the correlation\nlength exponent $\\nu$ in agreement with results obtained from the usual\nfinite-size scaling (FSS) methodology."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of the HMF model with a magnetic field: We study the thermodynamics of the Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model with an\nexternal potential playing the role of a \"magnetic field\". If we consider only\nfully stable states, this system does not present any phase transition.\nHowever, if we take into account metastable states (for a restricted class of\nperturbations), we find a very rich phenomenology. In particular, the system\ndisplays a region of negative specific heats in the microcanonical ensemble in\nwhich the temperature decreases as the energy increases. This leads to\nensembles inequivalence and to zeroth order phase transitions similar to the\n\"gravothermal catastrophe\" and to the \"isothermal collapse\" of self-gravitating\nsystems. In the present case, they correspond to the reorganization of the\nsystem from an \"anti-aligned\" phase (magnetization pointing in the direction\nopposite to the magnetic field) to an \"aligned\" phase (magnetization pointing\nin the same direction as the magnetic field). We also find that the magnetic\nsusceptibility can be negative in the microcanonical ensemble so that the\nmagnetization decreases as the magnetic field increases. The magnetic curves\ncan take various shapes depending on the values of energy or temperature. We\ndescribe hysteretic cycles involving positive or negative susceptibilities. We\nalso show that this model exhibits gaps in the magnetization at fixed energy,\nresulting in ergodicity breaking.",
        "positive": "Survival probabilities in time-dependent random walks: We analyze the dynamics of random walks in which the jumping probabilities\nare periodic {\\it time-dependent} functions. In particular, we determine the\nsurvival probability of biased walkers who are drifted towards an absorbing\nboundary. The typical life-time of the walkers is found to decrease with an\nincrement of the oscillation amplitude of the jumping probabilities. We discuss\nthe applicability of the results in the context of complex adaptive systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spherically averaged versus angle-dependent interactions in quadrupolar\n  fluids: Employing simplified models in computer simulation is on the one hand often\nenforced by computer time limitations but on the other hand it offers insights\ninto the molecular properties determining a given physical phenomenon. We\nemploy this strategy to the determination of the phase behaviour of quadrupolar\nfluids, where we study the influence of omitting angular degrees of freedom of\nmolecules via an effective spherically symmetric potential obtained from a\nperturbative expansion. Comparing the liquid-vapor coexistence curve, vapor\npressure at coexistence, interfacial tension between the coexisting phases,\netc., as obtained from both the models with the full quadrupolar interactions\nand the (approximate) isotropic interactions, we find discrepancies in the\ncritical region to be typically (such as in the case of carbon dioxide) of the\norder of 4%. However, when the Lennard-Jones parameters are rescaled such that\ncritical temperatures and critical densities of both models coincide with the\nexperimental results, almost perfect agreement between the above-mentioned\nproperties of both models is obtained. This result justifies the use of\nisotropic quadrupolar potentials. We present also a detailed comparison of our\nsimulations with a combined integral equation/density functional approach and\nshow that the latter provides an accurate description except for the vicinity\nof the critical point.",
        "positive": "Discontinuous Phase Transition in an Exactly Solvable One-Dimensional\n  Creation-Annihilation System: An exactly solvable reaction-diffusion model consisting of first-class\nparticles in the presence of a single second-class particle is introduced on a\none-dimensional lattice with periodic boundary condition. The number of\nfirst-class particles can be changed due to creation and annihilation\nreactions. It is shown that the system undergoes a discontinuous phase\ntransition in contrast to the case where the density of the second-class\nparticles is finite and the phase transition is continuous."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous transport phenomenon of a charged Brownian particle under the\n  thermal gradient and the magnetic field: There is a growing interest in the stochastic processes of nonequilibrium\nsystems subject to non-conserved forces, such as the magnetic forces acting on\ncharged particles and the chiral self-propelled force acting on active\nparticles. In this paper, we consider the stationary transport of\nnon-interacting Brownian particles under a constant magnetic field in a\nposition-dependent temperature background. We demonstrate the existence of the\nNernst-like stationary density current perpendicular to both the temperature\ngradient and magnetic field, induced by the intricate coupling between the\nnon-conserved force and the multiplicative noises due to the position-dependent\ntemperature.",
        "positive": "The spin-3/2 Blume-Capel model with competing short- and long-range\n  interactions: The phase diagrams of the spin-$3/2$ Blume-Capel model with competing short\nand long-range interactions were studied through the free energy density\nobtained by analytical methods. The competition emerges when positive\nshort-range interactions of strength $K$ arranged in a linear chain tend to\nestablish an anti-parallel spin order, whereas negative long-range interactions\n$-J$ tend to align them in parallel. Thus, no ferromagnetic order exists for\n$K/J > 0.25$. So, the phase-diagrams were scanned by varying the values of $K$\nin this interval. As in other similar study done for the spin-1 case, the\nsecond-order frontier separating the ferromagnetic and the paramagnetic phases\nis transformed gradually into a first-order line, when $K/J$ is greater than a\ncertain critical value. Accordingly, there is a subinterval of $K$, for which\ntwo tricritical points appear restricting the length of the second-order\nfrontier. Nevertheless, for greater values of $K/J$, the\nferromagnetic-paramagnetic frontier becomes wholly of first order. Also, the\ntipical coexistence line, which divides two different ferromagnetic phases of\nmagnetization $m=3/2$ and $m=1/2$, becomes more complex by giving rise to\nanother line of coexistence with a reentrant behavior that encloses a third\nordered phase. In this case, the competition is such that there is a region in\nthe phase diagram, where for each spin $i$ with $S_{i}=3/2$ ($S_{i}=-3/2$),\nthere is another one spin $j$ with $S_{j}=-1/2$ ($S_{j}=1/2$), so the absolute\nvalue of the magnetization per spin is one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic and glassy transitions in the square-lattice XY model with\n  random phase shifts: We investigate the magnetic and glassy transitions of the square-lattice XY\nmodel in the presence of random phase shifts. We consider two different\nrandom-shift distributions: the Gaussian distribution and a slightly different\ndistribution (cosine distribution) which allows the exact determination of the\nNishimori line where magnetic and overlap correlation functions are equal. We\nperform Monte Carlo simulations for several values of the temperature and of\nthe variance of the disorder distribution, in the paramagnetic phase close to\nthe magnetic and glassy transition lines. We find that, along the transition\nline separating the paramagnetic and the quasi-long-range order phases,\nmagnetic correlation functions show a universal Kosterlitz-Thouless behavior as\nin the pure XY model, while overlap correlations show a disorder-dependent\ncritical behavior. This behavior is observed up to a multicritical point which,\nin the cosine model, lies on the Nishimori line. Finally, for large values of\nthe disorder variance, we observe a universal zero-temperature glassy critical\ntransition, which is in the same universality class as that occurring in the\ngauge-glass model.",
        "positive": "Dynamical phase transition in one-dimensional kinetic Ising model with\n  nonuniform coupling constants: An extension of the Kinetic Ising model with nonuniform coupling constants on\na one-dimensional lattice with boundaries is investigated, and the relaxation\nof such a system towards its equilibrium is studied. Using a transfer matrix\nmethod, it is shown that there are cases where the system exhibits a dynamical\nphase transition. There may be two phases, the fast phase and the slow phase.\nFor some region of the parameter space, the relaxation time is independent of\nthe reaction rates at the boundaries. Changing continuously the reaction rates\nat the boundaries, however, there is a point where the relaxation times begins\nchanging, as a continuous (nonconstant) function of the reaction rates at the\nboundaries, so that at this point there is a jump in the derivative of the\nrelaxation time with respect to the reaction rates at the boundaries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster representations and the Wolff algorithm in arbitrary external\n  fields: We introduce a natural way to extend celebrated spin-cluster Monte Carlo\nalgorithms for fast thermal lattice simulations at criticality, like Wolff, to\nsystems in arbitrary fields, be they linear magnetic vector fields or nonlinear\nanisotropic ones. By generalizing the 'ghost spin' representation to one with a\n'ghost transformation,' global invariance to spin symmetry transformations is\nrestored at the cost of an extra degree of freedom which lives in the space of\nsymmetry transformations. The ordinary cluster-building process can then be run\non the new representation. We show that this extension preserves the scaling of\naccelerated dynamics in the absence of a field for Ising, Potts, and $\\mathrm\nO(n)$ models and demonstrate the method's use in modelling the presence of\nnovel nonlinear fields. We also provide a C++ library for the method's\nconvenient implementation for arbitrary models.",
        "positive": "Effects of surface interactions on heterogeneous ice nucleation for a\n  monatomic water model: Despite its importance in atmospheric science, much remains unknown about the\nmicroscopic mechanism of heterogeneous ice nucleation. In this work, we perform\nhybrid Monte Carlo simulations of the heterogeneous nucleation of ice on a\nrange of generic surfaces, both flat and structured, in order to probe the\nunderlying factors affecting the nucleation process. The structured surfaces we\nstudy comprise one basal plane bilayer of ice with varying lattice parameters\nand interaction strengths. We show that what determines the propensity for\nnucleation is not just the surface attraction, but also the orientational\nordering imposed on liquid water near a surface. In particular, varying the\nratio of the surface's attraction and orientational ordering can change the\nmechanism by which nucleation occurs: ice can nucleate on the structured\nsurface even when the orientational ordering imposed by the surface is weak, as\nthe water molecules that interact strongly with the surface are themselves a\ngood template for further growth. We also show that lattice matching is\nimportant for heterogeneous nucleation on the structured surface we study. We\nrationalise these brute-force simulation results by explicitly calculating the\ninterfacial free energies of ice and liquid water in contact with the\nnucleating surface and their variation with surface interaction parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum phases of mixtures of atoms and molecules on optical lattices: We investigate the phase diagram of a two-species Bose-Hubbard model\nincluding a conversion term, by which two particles from the first species can\nbe converted into one particle of the second species, and vice-versa. The model\ncan be related to ultra-cold atom experiments in which a Feshbach resonance\nproduces long-lived bound states viewed as diatomic molecules. The model is\nsolved exactly by means of Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We show than an\n\"inversion of population\" occurs, depending on the parameters, where the second\nspecies becomes more numerous than the first species. The model also exhibits\nan exotic incompressible \"Super-Mott\" phase where the particles from both\nspecies can flow with signs of superfluidity, but without global supercurrent.\nWe present two phase diagrams, one in the (chemical potential, conversion)\nplane, the other in the (chemical potential, detuning) plane.",
        "positive": "One-particle dynamical correlations in the one-dimensional Bose gas: The momentum- and frequency-dependent one-body correlation function of the\none-dimensional interacting Bose gas (Lieb-Liniger model) in the repulsive\nregime is studied using the Algebraic Bethe Ansatz and numerics. We first\nprovide a determinant representation for the field form factor which is\nwell-adapted to numerical evaluation. The correlation function is then\nreconstructed to high accuracy for systems with finite but large numbers of\nparticles, for a wide range of values of the interaction parameter. Our results\nare extensively discussed, in particular their specialization to the static\ncase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical properties of the quantum anharmonic oscillator in one\n  spatial dimension: The random matrix ensembles (RME) of Hamiltonian matrices, e.g. Gaussian\nrandom matrix ensembles (GRME) and Ginibre random matrix ensembles (Ginibre\nRME), are applicable to following quantum statistical systems: nuclear systems,\nmolecular systems, condensed phase systems, disordered systems, and\ntwo-dimensional electron systems (Wigner-Dyson electrostatic analogy). A family\nof quantum anharmonic oscillators in one spatial dimension is studied and the\nnumerical investigation of their eigenenergies is presented. The statistical\nproperties of the calculated eigenenergies are compared with the theoretical\npredictions inferred from the random matrix theory. Conclusions are derived.",
        "positive": "Diffusive Transport in Periodic Potentials: Underdamped Dynamics: In this paper we present a systematic and rigorous method for calculating the\ndiffusion tensor for a Brownian particle moving in a periodic potential which\nis valid in arbitrary dimensions and for all values of the dissipation. We use\nthis method to obtain an explicit formula for the diffusion coefficient in one\ndimension which is valid in the underdamped limit, and we also obtain higher\norder corrections to the Lifson-Jackson formula for the diffusion coefficient\nin the overdamped limit. A numerical method for calculating the diffusion\ncoefficient is also developed and is shown to perform extremely well for all\nvalues of the dissipation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Metastable states in the Blume-Emery-Griffiths spin glass model: We study the Blume-Emery-Griffiths spin glass model in presence of an\nattractive coupling between real replicas, and evaluate the effective potential\nas a function of the density overlap. We find that there is a region, above the\nfirst order transition of the model, where metastable states with a large\ndensity overlap exist. The line where these metastable states appear should\ncorrespond to a purely dynamical transition, with a breaking of ergodicity.\nDifferently from what happens in p-spin glasses, in this model the dynamical\ntransition would not be the precursor of a 1-step RSB transition, but\n(probably) of a full RSB transition.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of quantum dissipation systems interacting with bosonic\n  canonical bath: Hierarchical equations of motion approach: A nonperturbative theory is developed, aiming at an exact and efficient\nevaluation of a general quantum system interacting with arbitrary bath\nenvironment at any temperature and in the presence of arbitrary time-dependent\nexternal fields. An exact hierarchical equations of motion formalism is\nconstructed on the basis of calculus-on-path-integral algorithm, via the\nauxiliary influence generating functionals related to the interaction bath\ncorrelation functions in a parametrization expansion form. The corresponding\ncontinued-fraction Green's functions formalism for quantum dissipation is also\npresented. Proposed further is the principle of residue correction, not just\nfor truncating the infinite hierarchy, but also for incorporating the small\nresidue dissipation that may arise from the practical difference between the\ntrue and the parametrized bath correlation functions. The final\nresidue-corrected hierarchical equations of motion can therefore be used\npractically for the evaluation of arbitrary dissipative quantum systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variational and optimal control representations of conditioned and\n  driven processes: We have shown recently that a Markov process conditioned on rare events\ninvolving time-integrated random variables can be described in the long-time\nlimit by an effective Markov process, called the driven process, which is given\nmathematically by a generalization of Doob's $h$-transform. We show here that\nthis driven process can be represented in two other ways: first, as a process\nsatisfying various variational principles involving large deviation functions\nand relative entropies and, second, as an optimal stochastic control process\nminimizing a cost function also related to large deviation functions. These\ninterpretations of the driven process generalize and unify many previous\nresults on maximum entropy approaches to nonequilibrium systems, spectral\ncharacterizations of positive operators, and control approaches to large\ndeviation theory. They also lead, as briefly discussed, to new methods for\nanalytically or numerically approximating large deviation functions.",
        "positive": "Scaling of Coercivity in a 3d Random Anisotropy Model: The random-anisotropy Heisenberg model is numerically studied on lattices\ncontaining over ten million spins. The study is focused on hysteresis and\nmetastability due to topological defects, and is relevant to magnetic\nproperties of amorphous and sintered magnets. We are interested in the limit\nwhen ferromagnetic correlations extend beyond the size of the grain inside\nwhich the magnetic anisotropy axes are correlated. In that limit the coercive\nfield computed numerically roughly scales as the fourth power of the random\nanisotropy strength and as the sixth power of the grain size. Theoretical\narguments are presented that provide an explanation of numerical results. Our\nfindings should be helpful for designing amorphous and nanosintered materials\nwith desired magnetic properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The order-disorder transition in colloidal suspensions under shear flow: We study the order-disorder transition in colloidal suspensions under shear\nflow by performing Brownian dynamics simulations. We characterize the\ntransition in terms of a statistical property of time-dependent maximum value\nof the structure factor. We find that its power spectrum exhibits the power-law\nbehaviour only in the ordered phase. The power-law exponent is approximately -2\nat frequencies greater than the magnitude of the shear rate, while the power\nspectrum exhibits the $1 / f$-type fluctuations in the lower frequency regime.",
        "positive": "Heat conduction in simple networks: The effect of inter-chain coupling: The heat conduction in simple networks consisting of different one\ndimensional nonlinear chains is studied. We find that the coupling between\nchains has different function in heat conduction compared with that in electric\ncurrent. This might find application in controlling heat flow in complex\nnetworks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "2D Crystal Shapes, Droplet Condensation and Exponential Slowing Down in\n  Simulations of First-Order Phase Transitions: Multicanonical ensemble simulations for the simulation of first-order phase\ntransitions suffer from exponential slowing down. Monte Carlo autocorrelation\ntimes diverge exponentially with free energy barriers $\\Delta F$, which in\n$L^d$ boxes grow as $L^{d-1}$. We exemplify the situation in a study of the 2D\nIsing-model at temperature $T/T_c=0.63$ for two different lattice manifolds,\ntoroidal lattices and surfaces of cubes. For both geometries the effect is\ncaused by discontinuous droplet shape transitions between various classical\ncrystal shapes obeying geometrical constraints. We use classical droplet theory\nand numerical simulations to calculate transition points and barrier heights.\nOn toroidal lattices we determine finite size corrections to the droplet free\nenergy, which are given by a linear combination of Gibbs-Thomson corrections,\ncapillary wave fluctuation corrections, constant terms and logarithmic terms in\nthe droplet volume. Tolman corrections are absent. In addition, we study the\nfinite size effects on the condensation phase transition, which occurs in\ninfinite systems at the Onsager value of the magnetization. We find that this\ntransition is of discontinuous order also. A combination of classical droplet\ntheory and Gibbs-Thomson corrections yields a fair description for the\ntransition point and for the droplet size discontinuity for large droplets. We\nalso estimate the nucleation barrier that has to be surmounted in the formation\nof the stable droplet at coexistence.",
        "positive": "Energy Transport in a One-Dimensional Granular Gas: We study heat conduction in one-dimensional granular gases. In particular, we\nconsider two mechanisms of viscous dissipation during inter-grain collisions.\nIn one, the dissipative force is proportional to the grain's velocity and\ndissipates not only energy but also momentum. In the other, the dissipative\nforce is proportional to the relative velocity of the grains and therefore\nconserves momentum even while dissipating energy. This allows us to explore the\nrole of momentum conservation in the heat conduction properties of this\none-dimensional nonlinear system. We find normal thermal conduction whether or\nnot momentum is conserved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fast rare events in exit times distributions of jump processes: Rare events in the first-passage distributions of jump processes are capable\nof triggering anomalous reactions or series of events. Estimating their\nprobability is particularly important when the jump probabilities have\nbroad-tailed distributions, and rare events are therefore not so rare. We study\nthree jump processes that are used to model a wide class of stochastic\nprocesses ranging from biology to transport in disordered systems, ecology and\nfinance. We consider discrete time random-walks, continuous time random-walks\nand the L\\'evy-Lorentz gas and determine the exact form of the scaling function\nfor the probability distribution of fast rare events, in which the jump process\nexits in a very short time at a large distance opposite to the starting point.\nFor this estimation we use the so called big jump principle, and we show that\nin the regime of fast rare events the exit time distributions are not\nexponentially suppressed, even in the case of normal diffusion. This implies\nthat fast rare events are actually much less rare than predicted by the usual\nestimates of large deviations and can occur on timescales orders of magnitude\nshorter than expected. Our results are confirmed by extensive numerical\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Derivation of Boltzmann Equiation in Closed-Time-Path Formalism: A systematic derivation of Boltzmann equation is presented in the framework\nof closed-time-path formalism. Introducing a new type of probe, the expectation\nvalue of number operator is calculated as a functional of source. Then solving\nfor the source by inverting the relation, the equation of motion for number is\nobtained when the source is removed, and it turns out to be the Boltzmann\nequation. The inversion formula is used in the course of derivation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Obtaining highly excited eigenstates of the localized XX chain via\n  DMRG-X: We benchmark a variant of the recently introduced DMRG-X algorithm against\nexact results for the localized random field XX chain. We find that the\neigenstates obtained via DMRG-X exhibit a highly accurate l-bit description for\nsystem sizes much bigger than the direct, many body, exact diagonalization in\nthe spin variables is able to access. We take advantage of the underlying free\nfermion description of the XX model to accurately test the strengths and\nlimitations of this algorithm for large system sizes. We discuss the\ntheoretical constraints on the performance of the algorithm from the\nentanglement properties of the eigenstates, and its actual performance at\ndifferent values of disorder. A small but significant improvement to the\nalgorithm is also presented, which helps significantly with convergence. We\nfind that at high entanglement, DMRG-X shows a bias towards eigenstates with\nlow entanglement, but can be improved with increased bond dimension. This\nresult suggests that one must be careful when applying the algorithm for\ninteracting many body localized spin models near a transition.",
        "positive": "Hidden Criticality of Counterion Condensation Near a Charged Cylinder: We study the condensation transition of counterions on a charged cylinder via\nMonte Carlo simulations. Varying the cylinder radius systematically in relation\nto the system size, we find that all counterions are bound to the cylinder and\nthe heat capacity shows a drop at a finite Manning parameter. A finite-size\nscaling analysis is carried out to confirm the criticality of the complete\ncondensation transition, yielding the same critical exponents with the Manning\ntransition. We show that the existence of the complete condensation is\nessential to explain how the condensation nature alters from continuous to\ndiscontinuous transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Roughening of the Anharmonic Elastic Interface in Correlated Random\n  Media: We study the roughening properties of the anharmonic elastic interface in the\npresence of temporally correlated noise. The model can be seen as a\ngeneralization of the anharmonic Larkin model, recently introduced by Purrello,\nIguain, and Kolton [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 99}, 032105 (2019)], to investigate the\neffect of higher-order corrections to linear elasticity in the fate of\ninterfaces. We find analytical expressions for the critical exponents as a\nfunction of the anharmonicity index $n$, the noise correlator range $\\theta\n\\in[0,1/2]$, and dimension $d$. In $d=1$ we find that the interface becomes\nfaceted and exhibits anomalous scaling for $\\theta > 1/4$ for any degree of\nanharmonicity $n > 1$. Analytical expressions for the anomalous exponents\n$\\alpha_\\mathrm{loc}$ and $\\kappa$ are obtained and compared with a numerical\nintegration of the model. Our theoretical results show that anomalous\nroughening cannot exist for this model in dimensions $d > 1$.",
        "positive": "A lattice model approach to the morphology formation from ternary\n  mixtures during the evaporation of one component: Stimulated by experimental evidence in the field of solution--born thin\nfilms, we study the morphology formation in a three state lattice system\nsubjected to the evaporation of one component. The practical problem that we\naddress is the understanding of the parameters that govern morphology formation\nfrom a ternary mixture upon evaporation, as is the case in the fabrication of\nthin films from solution for organic photovoltaics. We use, as a tool, a\ngeneralized version of the Potts and Blume-Capel models in 2D, with the Monte\nCarlo Kawasaki-Metropolis algorithm, to simulate the phase behaviour of a\nternary mixture upon evaporation of one of its components. The components with\nspin $+1$, $-1$ and $0$ in the Blume-Capel dynamics correspond to the\nelectron--acceptor, electron--donor and solvent molecules, respectively, in a\nternary mixture used in the preparation of the active layer films in an organic\nsolar cell. Further, we introduce parameters that account for the relative\ncomposition of the mixture, temperature, and interaction between the species in\nthe system. We identify the parameter regions that are prone to facilitate the\nphase separation. Furthermore, we study qualitatively the types of formed\nconfigurations. We show that even a relatively simple model, as the present\none, can generate key morphological features, similar to those observed in\nexperiments, which proves the method valuable for the study of complex systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equivalence classes for large deviations: We show the existence of equivalence classes for large deviations. Stochastic\ndynamics within an equivalence class share the same large deviation properties.",
        "positive": "Stochastic pump of interacting particles: We consider the overdamped motion of Brownian particles, interacting via\nparticle exclusion, in an external potential that varies with time and space.\nWe show that periodic potentials that maintain specific position-dependent\nphase relations generate time-averaged directed current of particles. We obtain\nanalytic results for a lattice version of the model using a recently developed\nperturbative approach. Many interesting features like particle-hole symmetry,\ncurrent reversal with changing density, and system-size dependence of current\nare obtained. We propose possible experiments to test our predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation Function and Simplified TBA Equations for XXZ Chain: The calculation of the correlation functions of Bethe ansatz solvable models\nis very difficult problem. Among these solvable models spin 1/2 XXX chain has\nbeen investigated for a long time. Even for this model only the nearest\nneighbor and the second neighbor correlations were known. In 1990's multiple\nintegral formula for the general correlations is derived. But the integration\nof this formula is also very difficult problem. Recently these integrals are\ndecomposed to products of one dimensional integrals and at zero temperature,\nzero magnetic field and isotropic case, correlation functions are expressed by\n$\\log 2$ and Riemann's zeta functions with odd integer argument\n$\\zeta(3),\\zeta(5),\\zeta(7),...$. We can calculate density sub-matrix of\nsuccessive seven sites. Entanglement entropy of seven sites is calculated.\nThese methods can be extended to XXZ chain up to $n=4$. Correlation functions\nare expressed by the generalized zeta functions. Several years ago I derived\nnew thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equation for XXZ chain. This is quite different\nwith Yang-Yang type TBA equations and contains only one unknown function. This\nequation is very useful to get the high temperature expansion. In this paper we\nget the analytic solution of this equation at $\\Delta=0$.",
        "positive": "Pricing defaultable debt: some exact results: In this letter, I consider the issue of pricing risky debt by following\nMerton's approach. I generalize Merton's results to the case where the interest\nrate is modeled by the CIR term structure. Exact closed forms are provided for\nthe risky debt's price."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation and coarsening of weakly-interacting breathers in a\n  simplified DNLS chain: The Discrete NonLinear Schr\\\"odinger (DNLS) equation displays a parameter\nregion characterized by the presence of localized excitations (breathers).\nWhile their formation is well understood and it is expected that the asymptotic\nconfiguration comprises a single breather on top of a background, it is not\nclear why the dynamics of a multi-breather configuration is essentially frozen.\nIn order to investigate this question, we introduce simple stochastic models,\ncharacterized by suitable conservation laws. We focus on the role of the\ncoupling strength between localized excitations and background. In the DNLS\nmodel, higher breathers interact more weakly, as a result of their faster\nrotation. In our stochastic models, the strength of the coupling is controlled\ndirectly by an amplitude-dependent parameter. In the case of a power-law\ndecrease, the associated coarsening process undergoes a slowing down if the\ndecay rate is larger than a critical value. In the case of an exponential\ndecrease, a freezing effect is observed that is reminiscent of the scenario\nobserved in the DNLS. This last regime arises spontaneously when direct energy\ndiffusion between breathers and background is blocked below a certain\nthreshold.",
        "positive": "Which moments are appropriate to describe gases with internal structure\n  in Rational Extended Thermodynamics?: Motivated by a recent paper of Pennisi (2021) in the relativistic framework,\nwe revisit the previous approach of two hierarchies of moments critically and\npropose a new natural physical hierarchy of moments to describe classical\nrarefied non-polytropic polyatomic gas in the framework of Molecular Rational\nExtended Thermodynamics. The differential system of the previous approach is\nproved to be a \\emph{principal subsystem} of the present one. The main idea is\nthat at the molecular level, the total energy is the kinetic energy plus the\nenergy of internal mode due to the rotation and vibration, and the increasing\nmoments contain this total energy as power in which the power index increases\nwith the number of tensorial indexes. In particular, we consider the case of\n$15$ moments, and we close the system using the variational method of the\nMaximum Entropy Principle. We prove the convexity of entropy and the\npossibility to put the system in symmetric form. This more rich kinetic\nframework may be interesting also as possible applications to biomathematics or\nother fields in which kinetic models were applied recently with success."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The two laws of engines in general, information and the meaning of\n  entropy: The association of information with entropy has been argued on plausibility\narguments involving the operation of imaginary engines and beings, and it is\nnot a universal theorem. In this paper, a theorem by Charles Bennett on\nreversible computation is recognized as the much needed theorem. It is proposed\na real, non thermal engine, operated by humans. Its operation has stages\nanalogous to the stages in Bennett's reversible three-tape computer. The engine\nmakes possible to prove two results: (1) the engine operates on two laws,\nsimilar to the laws of thermodynamics, which are conditions on the possibility\nof resetting the engine; (2) entropy is the measure of erased information, and\nis measured in physical units, which complies with Landauer's principle. A\nprototype at work is shown in video.",
        "positive": "Phase Diagram of the 3D Bimodal Random-Field Ising Model: The one-parametric Wang-Landau (WL) method is implemented together with an\nextrapolation scheme to yield approximations of the two-dimensional\n(exchange-energy, field-energy) density of states (DOS) of the 3D bimodal\nrandom-field Ising model (RFIM). The present approach generalizes our earlier\nWL implementations, by handling the final stage of the WL process as an\nentropic sampling scheme, appropriate for the recording of the required\ntwo-parametric histograms. We test the accuracy of the proposed extrapolation\nscheme and then apply it to study the size-shift behavior of the phase diagram\nof the 3D bimodal RFIM. We present a finite-size converging approach and a\nwell-behaved sequence of estimates for the critical disorder strength. Their\nasymptotic shift-behavior yields the critical disorder strength and the\nassociated correlation length's exponent, in agreement with previous estimates\nfrom ground-state studies of the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Detection of network inhomogeneity by total neighbor degree: Inhomogeneity in networks can be detected by the analysis of the correlation\nof the total degree of nearest neighbors. This is illustrated by two models.\nThe first one is a random multi-partitions network that the Aboav Weaire law,\nwhich predicts the linear relationship between the degree of node and the total\ndegree of nearest neighbor, is being extended. The second one is a preferential\nattachment network with two partitions which shows scale free properties with\npower tail $\\gamma$ within the range $2<\\gamma\\le3$. By plotting the total\ndegree of neighbor verses the degree of each node in the networks, the\nscattered plot shows separable clustering as evidence for inhomogeneity in\nnetworks. The effectiveness of this new tool for the detection of inhomogeneity\nis demonstrated in real bipartite networks. By using this method, some\ninteresting group of nodes of semantic and WWW networks have been found.",
        "positive": "Enskog Theory for Polydisperse Granular Mixtures. I. Navier-Stokes order\n  Transport: A hydrodynamic description for an $s$-component mixture of inelastic, smooth\nhard disks (two dimensions) or spheres (three dimensions) is derived based on\nthe revised Enskog theory for the single-particle velocity distribution\nfunctions. In this first portion of the two-part series, the macroscopic\nbalance equations for mass, momentum, and energy are derived. Constitutive\nequations are calculated from exact expressions for the fluxes by a\nChapman-Enskog expansion carried out to first order in spatial gradients,\nthereby resulting in a Navier-Stokes order theory. Within this context of small\ngradients, the theory is applicable to a wide range of restitution coefficients\nand densities. The resulting integral-differential equations for the zeroth-\nand first-order approximations of the distribution functions are given in exact\nform. An approximate solution to these equations is required for practical\npurposes in order to cast the constitutive quantities as algebraic functions of\nthe macroscopic variables; this task is described in the companion paper."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The free energy principle made simpler but not too simple: This paper provides a concise description of the free energy principle,\nstarting from a formulation of random dynamical systems in terms of a Langevin\nequation and ending with a Bayesian mechanics that can be read as a physics of\nsentience. It rehearses the key steps using standard results from statistical\nphysics. These steps entail (i) establishing a particular partition of states\nbased upon conditional independencies that inherit from sparsely coupled\ndynamics, (ii) unpacking the implications of this partition in terms of\nBayesian inference and (iii) describing the paths of particular states with a\nvariational principle of least action. Teleologically, the free energy\nprinciple offers a normative account of self-organisation in terms of optimal\nBayesian design and decision-making, in the sense of maximising marginal\nlikelihood or Bayesian model evidence. In summary, starting from a description\nof the world in terms of random dynamical systems, we end up with a description\nof self-organisation as sentient behaviour that can be interpreted as\nself-evidencing; namely, self-assembly, autopoiesis or active inference.",
        "positive": "Transport, Geometrical and Topological Properties of Stealthy Disordered\n  Hyperuniform Two-Phase Systems: Disordered hyperuniform many-particle systems have attracted considerable\nrecent attention. One important class of such systems is the classical ground\nstates of \"stealthy potentials.\" The degree of order of such ground states\ndepends on a tuning parameter. Previous studies have shown that these\nground-state point configurations can be counterintuitively disordered,\ninfinitely degenerate, and endowed with novel physical properties (e.g.,\nnegative thermal expansion behavior). In this paper, we focus on the disordered\nregime in which there is no long-range order, and control the degree of\nshort-range order. We map these stealthy disordered hyperuniform point\nconfigurations to two-phase media by circumscribing each point with a possibly\noverlapping sphere of a common radius $a$: the \"particle\" and \"void\" phases are\ntaken to be the space interior and exterior to the spheres, respectively. We\nstudy certain transport properties of these systems, including the effective\ndiffusion coefficient of point particles diffusing in the void phase as well as\nstatic and time-dependent characteristics associated with diffusion-controlled\nreactions. Besides these effective transport properties, we also investigate\nseveral related structural properties, including pore-size functions, quantizer\nerror, an order metric, and percolation threshold. We show that these\ntransport, geometrical and topological properties of our two-phase media\nderived from decorated stealthy ground states are distinctly different from\nthose of equilibrium hard-sphere systems and spatially uncorrelated overlapping\nspheres."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Isothermal magnetocaloric effect in the vicinity of the Lifshitz point\n  in Mn_{0.9}Co_{0.1}P: The magnetic field - temperature (B - T) phase diagram of the Mn0.9Co0.1P\nsingle crystal is studied in the vicinity of the Lifshitz point by means of\nisothermal magnetocaloric coefficient (Mt) and AC susceptibility measurements.\nResults confirm previously reported shape of the B - T phase diagram and\nlocations of characteristic temperatures and fields. At the Curie temperature\n(Tc) the critical exponent w, which describes a singularity of Mt as a function\nof magnetic field (Mt \\propto B^-w), is estimated for B parallel to the easy\naxis to be equal to w \\approx 0.35. Below Tc an evidence of a new enigmatic\nphase, reported already for pure MnP, is found in susceptibility data also for\nMn0.9Co0.1P. However, the range of existence of this phase is significantly\nlarger here, than in MnP. At the Lifshitz point there is observed a sharp peak\nin the imaginary part of the magnetic susceptibility. A phenomenological theory\nis introduced to describe the field dependence of the critical lines from the\ndisordered phase (paramagnetic) to ordered phases (ferromagnetic and\nmodulated). The temperature and field dependences of the magnetocaloric\ncoefficient and susceptibility are also calculated within the same framework.",
        "positive": "Comments on \"Identifying Functional Thermodynamics in Autonomous\n  Maxwellian Ratchets\" (arXiv:1507.01537v2): We make a few comments on some misleading statements in the above paper."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal distribution of the number of minima for random walks and\n  L\u00e9vy flights: We compute exactly the full distribution of the number $m$ of local minima in\na one-dimensional landscape generated by a random walk or a L\\'evy flight. We\nconsider two different ensembles of landscapes, one with a fixed number of\nsteps $N$ and the other till the first-passage time of the random walk to the\norigin. We show that the distribution of $m$ is drastically different in the\ntwo ensembles (Gaussian in the former case, while having a power-law tail in\nthe latter $m^{-3/2}$ in the latter case). However, the most striking aspect of\nour results is that, in each case, the distribution is completely universal for\nall $m$ (and not just for large $m$), i.e., independent of the jump\ndistribution in the random walk. This means that the distributions are exactly\nidentical for L\\'evy flights and random walks with finite jump variance. Our\nanalytical results are in excellent agreement with our numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Evolutionary Minority Game with Multiple Options: We propose and study an evolutionary minority game (EMG) in which the agents\nare allowed to choose among three possible options. Unlike the original EMG\nwhere the agents either win or lose one unit of wealth, the present model\nassigns one unit of wealth to the winners in the least popular option, deducts\none unit from the losers in the most popular option, and awards $R$ ($-1<R< 1$)\nunits for those in the third option. Decisions are made based on the\ninformation in the most recent outcomes and on the characteristic probabilities\nof an agent to follow the predictions based on recent outcomes. Depending on\n$R$, the population shows a transition from self-segregation in difficult\nsituations ($R<R_{c}$) in which the agents tend to follow extreme action to\ncautious or less decisive action for $R>R_{c}$, where $R_{c}(N)$ is a critical\nvalue for optimal performance of the system that drops to zero as the number of\nagents $N$ increases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ito and Stratonovich calculuses in stochastic field theory: Ambiguities in the functional-integral solution of the stochastic\ndifferential equation (SDE) arising due to the definition on the functional\nJacobi determinant and the white-in-time limit in the noise are analyzed and\ntwo forms of the de Dominicis-Janssen dynamic action proposed corresponding to\nthe Ito and Stratonovich interpretations of the SDE.",
        "positive": "Brownian motion in a magnetic field: We derive explicit forms of Markovian transition probability densities for\nthe velocity space, phase-space and the Smoluchowski configuration-space\nBrownian motion of a charged particle in a constant magnetic field. By invoking\na hydrodynamical formalism for those stochastic processes, we quantify a\ncontinual (net on the local average) heat transfer from the thermostat to\ndiffusing particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion with Resetting Inside a Circle: We study the Brownian motion of a particle in a bounded circular\n2-dimensional domain, in search for a stationary target on the boundary of the\ndomain. The process switches between two modes: one where it performs a\ntwo-dimensional diffusion inside the circle and one where it travels along the\none-dimensional boundary. During the diffusion, the Brownian particle resets to\nits initial position with a constant rate $r$. The Fokker-Planck formalism\nallows us to calculate the mean time to absorption (MTA) as well as the optimal\nresetting rate for which the MTA is minimized. From the derived analytical\nresults the parameter regions where resetting reduces the search time can be\nspecified. We also provide a numerical method for the verification of our\nresults.",
        "positive": "Universality of ac-conduction in anisotropic disordered systems: An\n  effective medium approximation study: Anisotropic disordered system are studied in this work within the random\nbarrier model. In such systems the transition probabilities in different\ndirections have different probability density functions. The\nfrequency-dependent conductivity at low temperatures is obtained using an\neffective medium approximation. It is shown that the isotropic universal\nac-conduction law, $\\sigma \\ln \\sigma=u$, is recovered if properly scaled\nconductivity ($\\sigma$) and frequency ($u$) variables are used."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chimera states in neural networks and power systems: Partial, frustrated synchronization and chimera states are expected to occur\nin Kuramoto-like models if the spectral dimension of the underlying graph is\nlow: $d_s < 4$. We provide numerical evidence that this really happens in case\nof the high-voltage power grid of Europe ($d_s < 2$) and in case of the\nlargest, exactly known brain network corresponding to the fruit-fly (FF)\nconnectome ($d_s < 4$), even though their graph dimensions are much higher,\ni.e.: $d^{EU}_g\\simeq 2.6(1)$ and $d^{FF}_g\\simeq 5.4(1)$, $d^{KKI113}_g\\simeq\n3.4(1)$. We provide local synchronization results of the first- and\nsecond-order (Shinomoto) Kuramoto models by numerical solutions on the the FF\nand the European power-grid graphs, respectively and show the emergence of\nchimera-like patterns on the graph community level as well as by the local\norder parameters.",
        "positive": "What can nuclear collisions teach us about the boiling of water or the\n  formation of multi-star systems ?: Phase transitions in nuclei, small atomic clusters and self-gravitating\nsystems demand the extension of thermo-statistics to ``Small'' systems. The\nmain obstacle is the thermodynamic limit. It is shown how the original\ndefinition of the entropy by Boltzmann as the volume of the energy-manifold of\nthe N-body phase space allows a {\\em geometrical} definition of the entropy as\nfunction of the conserved quantities. Without invoking the thermodynamic limit\nthe whole ``zoo'' of phase transitions and critical points/lines can be\nunambiguously defined. The relation to the Yang--Lee singularities of the\ngrand-canonical partition sum is pointed out. It is shown that just phase\ntransitions in non-extensive systems give the complete set of characteristic\nparameters of the transition {\\em including the surface tension.} Nuclear\nheavy-ion collisions are an experimental playground to explore this extension\nof thermo-statistics"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Record statistics in random vectors and quantum chaos: The record statistics of complex random states are analytically calculated,\nand shown that the probability of a record intensity is a Bernoulli process.\nThe correlation due to normalization leads to a probability distribution of the\nrecords that is non-universal but tends to the Gumbel distribution\nasymptotically. The quantum standard map is used to study these statistics for\nthe effect of correlations apart from normalization. It is seen that in the\nmixed phase space regime the number of intensity records is a power law in the\ndimensionality of the state as opposed to the logarithmic growth for random\nstates.",
        "positive": "Structure of hard-hypersphere fluids in odd dimensions: The structural properties of single component fluids of hard hyperspheres in\nodd space dimensionalities $d$ are studied with an analytical approximation\nmethod that generalizes the Rational Function Approximation earlier introduced\nin the study of hard-sphere fluids [S. B. Yuste and A. Santos, Phys. Rev. A\n{\\bf 43}, 5418 (1991)]. The theory makes use of the exact form of the radial\ndistribution function to first order in density and extends it to finite\ndensity by assuming a rational form for a function defined in Laplace space,\nthe coefficients being determined by simple physical requirements. Fourier\ntransform in terms of reverse Bessel polynomials constitute the mathematical\nframework of this approximation, from which an analytical expression for the\nstatic structure factor is obtained. In its most elementary form, the method\nrecovers the solution of the Percus-Yevick closure to the Ornstein-Zernike\nequation for hyperspheres at odd dimension. The present formalism allows one to\ngo beyond by yielding solutions with thermodynamic consistency between the\nvirial and compressibility routes to any desired equation of state. Excellent\nagreement with available computer simulation data at $d=5$ and $d=7$ is\nobtained. As a byproduct of this study, an exact and explicit polynomial\nexpression for the intersection volume of two identical hyperspheres in\narbitrary odd dimensions is given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact scalings in competitive growth models: A competitive growth model (CGM) describes aggregation of a single type of\nparticle under two distinct growth rules with occurrence probabilities $p$ and\n$1-p$. We explain the origin of scaling behaviors of the resulting surface\nroughness with respect to $p$ for two CGMs which describe random deposition\n(RD) competing with ballistic deposition (BD) and RD competing with the Edward\nWilkinson (EW) growth rule. Exact scaling exponents are derived and are in\nagreement with previously conjectured values. Using this analytical result we\nare able to derive theoretically the scaling behaviors of the coefficients of\nthe continuous equations that describe their universality classes. We also\nsuggest that, in some CGM, the $p-$dependence on the coefficients of the\ncontinuous equation that represents the universality class can be non trivial.\nIn some cases the process cannot be represented by a unique universality class.\nIn order to show this we introduce a CGM describing RD competing with a\nconstrained EW (CEW) model. This CGM show a transition in the scaling exponents\nfrom RD to a Kardar-Parisi-Zhang behavior when $p \\to 0$ and to a Edward\nWilkinson one when $p \\to 1$. Our simulation results are in excellent agreement\nwith the analytic predictions.",
        "positive": "Fluctuating \"Pulled\" Fronts: the Origin and the Effects of a Finite\n  Particle Cutoff: Recently it has been shown that when an equation that allows so-called pulled\nfronts in the mean-field limit is modelled with a stochastic model with a\nfinite number $N$ of particles per correlation volume, the convergence to the\nspeed $v^*$ for $N \\to \\infty$ is extremely slow -- going only as $\\ln^{-2}N$.\nIn this paper, we study the front propagation in a simple stochastic lattice\nmodel. A detailed analysis of the microscopic picture of the front dynamics\nshows that for the description of the far tip of the front, one has to abandon\nthe idea of a uniformly translating front solution. The lattice and finite\nparticle effects lead to a ``stop-and-go'' type dynamics at the far tip of the\nfront, while the average front behind it ``crosses over'' to a uniformly\ntranslating solution. In this formulation, the effect of stochasticity on the\nasymptotic front speed is coded in the probability distribution of the times\nrequired for the advancement of the ``foremost bin''. We derive expressions of\nthese probability distributions by matching the solution of the far tip with\nthe uniformly translating solution behind. This matching includes various\ncorrelation effects in a mean-field type approximation. Our results for the\nprobability distributions compare well to the results of stochastic numerical\nsimulations. This approach also allows us to deal with much smaller values of\n$N$ than it is required to have the $\\ln^{-2}N$ asymptotics to be valid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coalescence preference and droplet size inequality during fluid phase\n  segregation: Using molecular dynamics simulations and scaling arguments, we investigate\nthe coalescence preference dynamics of liquid droplets in a phase-segregating\noff-critical, single-component fluid. It is observed that the preferential\ndistance of the product drop from its larger parent, during a coalescence\nevent, gets smaller for large parent size inequality. The relative coalescence\nposition exhibits a power-law dependence on the parent size ratio with an\nexponent $q \\simeq 3.1$. This value of $q$ is in strong contrast with earlier\nreports $2.02$ and $5.01$ in the literature. The dissimilarity is explained by\nconsidering the underlying coalescence mechanisms.",
        "positive": "Boltzmann equations for mixtures of Maxwell gases: exact solutions and\n  power like tails: We consider the Boltzmann equations for mixtures ofMaxwell gases. It is shown\nthat in certain limiting case the equations admit self-similar solutions that\ncan be constructed in explicit form. More precisely, the solutions have simple\nexplicit integral representations. The most interesting solutions have finite\nenergy and power like tails. This shows that power like tails can appear not\njust for granular particles (Maxwell models are far from reality in this case),\nbut also in the system of particles interacting in accordance with laws of\nclassical mechanics. In addition, non-existence of positive self-similar\nsolutions with finite moments of any order is proven for a wide class of\nMaxwell models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A complete theory for the magnetism of an ideal gas of electrons: We have explored Pauli paramagnetism, Landau diamagnetism and de Haas-van\nAlphen effect in a single framework, and unified these three effects for all\ntemperatures as well as for all strengths of magnetic field. Our result goes\nbeyond Pauli-Landau result on the magnetism of the 3-D ideal gas of electrons,\nand is able to describe crossover of the de Haas-van Alphen oscillation to the\nsaturation of magnetization. We also have obtained a novel asymptotic series\nexpansion for the low temperature properties of the system.",
        "positive": "Fixed Point of the Finite System DMRG: The density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) is a numerical method that\noptimizes a variational state expressed by a tensor product. We show that the\nground state is not fully optimized as far as we use the standard finite system\nalgorithm, that uses the block structure B**B. This is because the tensors are\nnot improved directly. We overcome this problem by using the simpler block\nstructure B*B for the final several sweeps in the finite iteration process. It\nis possible to increase the numerical precision of the finite system algorithm\nwithout increasing the computational effort."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simple Model of First-Order Phase Transition: One-dimensional model of a system where first-order phase transition occurs\nis examined in the present paper. It is shown that basic properties of the\nphenomenon, such as a well defined temperature of transition, are caused both\nby existence of a border between the phases and the fact that only in the\nvicinity of that border it is possible for molecules to change their phase. Not\nonly the model is introduced and theoretical analysis of its properties is made\nbut also the results of Monte Carlo simulations are presented together with the\nresults of numerical calculation of the distribution of energy levels of the\nsystem.",
        "positive": "Fractional Laplacians in bounded domains: Killed, reflected, censored\n  and taboo L\u00e9vy flights: The fractional Laplacian $(- \\Delta)^{\\alpha /2}$, $\\alpha \\in (0,2)$ has\nmany equivalent (albeit formally different) realizations as a nonlocal\ngenerator of a family of $\\alpha $-stable stochastic processes in $R^n$. On the\nother hand, if the process is to be restricted to a bounded domain, there are\nmany inequivalent proposals for what a boundary-data respecting fractional\nLaplacian should actually be. This ambiguity holds true not only for each\nspecific choice of the process behavior at the boundary (like e.g. absorbtion,\nreflection, conditioning or boundary taboos), but extends as well to its\nparticular technical implementation (Dirchlet, Neumann, etc. problems). The\ninferred jump-type processes are inequivalent as well, differing in their\nspectral and statistical characteristics. In the present paper we focus on\nL\\'evy flight-induced jump-type processes which are constrained to stay forever\ninside a finite domain. That refers to a concept of taboo processes (imported\nfrom Brownian to L\\'evy - stable contexts), to so-called censored processes and\nto reflected L\\'evy flights whose status still remains to be settled on both\nphysical and mathematical grounds. As a byproduct of our fractional spectral\nanalysis, with reference to Neumann boundary conditions, we discuss disordered\nsemiconducting heterojunctions as the bounded domain problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variational Formulation for the KPZ and Related Kinetic Equations: We present a variational formulation for the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ)\nequation that leads to a thermodynamic-like potential for the KPZ as well as\nfor other related kinetic equations. For the KPZ case, with the knowledge of\nsuch a potential we prove some global shift invariance properties previously\nconjectured by other authors. We also show a few results about the form of the\nstationary probability distribution function for arbitrary dimensions. The\nprocedure used for KPZ was extended in order to derive more general forms of\nsuch a functional leading to other nonlinear kinetic equations, as well as\ncases with density dependent surface tension.",
        "positive": "Consequences of the H-Theorem from Nonlinear Fokker-Planck Equations: A general type of nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation is derived directly from a\nmaster equation, by introducing generalized transition rates. The H-theorem is\ndemonstrated for systems that follow those classes of nonlinear Fokker-Planck\nequations, in the presence of an external potential. For that, a relation\ninvolving terms of Fokker-Planck equations and general entropic forms is\nproposed. It is shown that, at equilibrium, this relation is equivalent to the\nmaximum-entropy principle. Families of Fokker-Planck equations may be related\nto a single type of entropy, and so, the correspondence between well-known\nentropic forms and their associated Fokker-Planck equations is explored. It is\nshown that the Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy, apart from its connection with the\nstandard -- linear Fokker-Planck equation -- may be also related to a family of\nnonlinear Fokker-Planck equations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Multiscaling in Quenched Skyrme Systems: Strong dynamical scaling violations exist in quenched two-dimensional systems\nwith vector O(3) order parameters. These systems support non-singular\ntopologically stable configurations (skyrmions). By tuning the stability of\nisolated skyrmions to expand or shrink, we find dramatic differences in the\ndynamical multiscaling spectrum of decaying moments $< |\\rho|^n >$ of the\ntopological charge density distribution and in particular in the decay of the\nenergy-density $\\epsilon \\sim < |\\rho| >$. We present a simple two-length-scale\nmodel for the observed exponents in the case when isolated skyrmions expand. No\nsuch simple model is found when isolated skyrmions shrink.",
        "positive": "Discrete surface growth process as a synchronization mechanism for scale\n  free complex networks: We consider the discrete surface growth process with relaxation to the\nminimum [F. Family, J. Phys. A {\\bf 19} L441, (1986).] as a possible\nsynchronization mechanism on scale-free networks, characterized by a degree\ndistribution $P(k) \\sim k^{-\\lambda}$, where $k$ is the degree of a node and\n$\\lambda$ his broadness, and compare it with the usually applied\nEdward-Wilkinson process [S. F. Edwards and D. R. Wilkinson, Proc. R. Soc.\nLondon Ser. A {\\bf 381},17 (1982) ]. In spite of both processes belong to the\nsame universality class for Euclidean lattices, in this work we demonstrate\nthat for scale-free networks with exponents $\\lambda<3$ this is not true.\nMoreover, we show that for these ubiquitous cases the Edward-Wilkinson process\nenhances spontaneously the synchronization when the system size is increased,\nwhich is a non-physical result. Contrarily, the discrete surface growth process\ndo not present this flaw and is applicable for every $\\lambda$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotic Floquet states of non-Markovian systems: We propose a method to find asymptotic states of a class of periodically\nmodulated open systems which are outside the range of validity of the Floquet\ntheory due to the presence of memory effects. The method is based on a Floquet\ntreatment of the time-local, memoryless dynamics taking place in a minimally\nenlarged state space where the original system is coupled to auxiliary --\ntypically non-physical -- variables. A projection of the Floquet solution into\nthe physical subspace returns the sought asymptotic state of the system. The\nspectral gap of the Floquet propagator acting in the enlarged state space can\nbe used to estimate the relaxation time. We illustrate the method with a\nmodulated version of quantum random walk model.",
        "positive": "Quantum states, symmetry and dynamics in degenerate spin s=1 magnets: The article deals with spin s=1 magnets. The symmetry conditions for normal\nand degenerate equilibrium states are defined and types of magnetic ordering\nfound out. For each type of symmetry breaking the structure of source in the\nGibbs statistical operator has been obtained and additional thermodynamic\nparameters introduced. The algebra of Poisson bracket for magnetic degrees of\nfreedom has been established and nonlinear dynamic equations have been derived.\nUsing the models of the exchange interaction, we have calculated the spectra of\ncollective excitations for two degenerate states whose order parameters have\ndigerent signature under the time reversal transformation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Crossover in Invasion Percolation: The dynamical properties of the invasion percolation on the square lattice\nare investigated with emphasis on the geometrical properties on the growing\ncluster of infected sites. The exterior frontier of this cluster forms a\ncritical loop ensemble (CLE), whose length $(l)$, the radius $(r)$ and also\nroughness $(w)$ fulfill the finite size scaling hypothesis. The dynamical\nfractal dimension of the CLE defined as the exponent of the scaling relation\nbetween $l$ and $r$ is estimated to be $D_f=1.81\\pm0.02$. By studying the\nautocorrelation functions of these quantities we show importantly that there is\na crossover between two time regimes, in which these functions change behavior\nfrom power-law at the small times, to exponential decay at long times. In the\nvicinity of this crossover time, these functions are estimated by log-normal\nfunctions. We also show that the increments of the considered statistical\nquantities, which are related to the random forces governing the dynamics of\nthe observables undergo an anticorrelation/correlation transition at the time\nthat the crossover takes place.",
        "positive": "On the local equivalence between the canonical and the microcanonical\n  distributions for quantum spin systems: We study a quantum spin system on the $d$-dimensional hypercubic lattice\n$\\Lambda$ with $N=L^d$ sites with periodic boundary conditions. We take an\narbitrary translation invariant short-ranged Hamiltonian. For this system, we\nconsider both the canonical ensemble with inverse temperature $\\beta_0$ and the\nmicrocanonical ensemble with the corresponding energy $U_N(\\beta_0)$. For an\narbitrary self-adjoint operator $\\hat{A}$ whose support is contained in a\nhypercubic block $B$ inside $\\Lambda$, we prove that the expectation values of\n$\\hat{A}$ with respect to these two ensembles are close to each other for large\n$N$ provided that $\\beta_0$ is sufficiently small and the number of sites in\n$B$ is $o(N^{1/2})$. This establishes the equivalence of ensembles on the level\nof local states in a large but finite system. The result is essentially that of\nBrandao and Cramer (here restricted to the case of the canonical and the\nmicrocanonical ensembles), but we prove improved estimates in an elementary\nmanner. We also review and prove standard results on the thermodynamic limits\nof thermodynamic functions and the equivalence of ensembles in terms of\nthermodynamic functions. The present paper assumes only elementary knowledge on\nquantum statistical mechanics and quantum spin systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A forest-fire analogy to explain the b-value of the Gutenberg-Richter\n  law for earthquakes: The Drossel-Schwabl model of forest fires can be interpreted in a coarse\ngrained sense as a model for the stress distribution in a single planar fault.\nFires in the model are then translated to earthquakes. I show that when a\nsecond class of trees that propagate fire only after some finite time is\nintroduced in the model, secondary fires (analogous to aftershocks) are\ngenerated, and the statistics of events becomes quantitatively compatible with\nthe Gutenberg Richter law for earthquakes, with a realistic value of the $b$\nexponent. The change in exponent is analytically demonstrated in a simplified\npercolation scenario. Experimental consequences of the proposed mechanism are\nindicated.",
        "positive": "Topologically Protected Metastable States in Classical Dynamics: We propose that domain walls formed in a classical Ginzburg-Landau model can\nexhibit topologically stable but thermodynamically metastable states. This\nproposal relies on Allen-Cahn's assertion that the velocity of domain wall is\nproportional to the mean curvature at each point. From this assertion we\nspeculate that domain wall behaves like a rubber band that can winds the\nbackground geometry in a nontrivial way and can exist permanently. We\nnumerically verify our proposal in two and three spatial dimensions by using\nvarious boundary conditions. It is found that there are possibilities to form\ntopologically stable domain walls in the final equilibrium states. However,\nthese states have higher free energies, thus are thermodynamically metastable.\nThese metastable states that are protected by topology could potentially serve\nas storage media in the computer and information technology industry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Suppression of thermally activated escape by heating: The problem of thermally activated escape over a potential barrier is solved\nby means of path integrals for one-dimensional reaction dynamics with very\ngeneral time dependences. For a suitably chosen but still quite simple static\npotential landscape, the net escape rate may be substantially reduced by\ntemporally increasing the temperature above its unperturbed constant level.",
        "positive": "Anomalous, non-Gaussian tracer diffusion in heterogeneously crowded\n  environments: A topic of intense current investigation pursues the question how the highly\ncrowded environment of biological cells affects the dynamic properties of\npassively diffusing particles. Motivated by recent experiments we report\nresults of extensive simulations of the motion of a finite sized tracer\nparticle in a heterogeneously crowded environment. For given spatial\ndistributions of monodisperse crowders we demonstrate how anomalous diffusion\nwith strongly non-Gaussian features arises in this model system. We investigate\nboth biologically relevant situations of particles released either at the\nsurface of an inner domain (nucleus), or at the outer boundary (cell membrane),\nexhibiting distinctly different behaviour of the observed anomalous diffusion\nfor heterogeneous crowder distributions. Specifically we reveal an extremely\nasymmetric spreading of the tracer even at moderate crowding fractions. In\naddition to the standard mean squared displacement and the local diffusion\nexponent of the tracer particles we investigate the magnitude and the amplitude\nscatter of the time averaged mean squared displacement of individual\ntrajectories, the non-Gaussianity parameter, and the van Hove correlation\nfunction of the particle displacements. We also quantify how the average tracer\ndiffusivity varies with the position in the domain with heterogeneous radial\ndistribution of the crowders and examine the behaviour of the survival\nprobability and the dynamics of first passage events of the tracer. Finally, we\ndiscuss the relevance of our results to single particle tracking measurements\nin biological cells."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Oscillations of a Bose-Einstein condensate rotating in a harmonic plus\n  quartic trap: We study the normal modes of a two-dimensional rotating Bose-Einstein\ncondensate confined in a quadratic plus quartic trap. Hydrodynamic theory and\nsum rules are used to derive analytical predictions for the collective\nfrequencies in the limit of high angular velocities, $\\Omega$, where the vortex\nlattice produced by the rotation exhibits an annular structure. We predict a\nclass of excitations with frequency $\\sqrt{6} \\Omega$ in the rotating frame,\nirrespective of the mode multipolarity $m$, as well as a class of low energy\nmodes with frequency proportional to $|m|/\\Omega$. The predictions are in good\nagreement with results of numerical simulations based on the 2D\nGross-Pitaevskii equation. The same analysis is also carried out at even higher\nangular velocities, where the system enters the giant vortex regime.",
        "positive": "Entanglement gap in 1D long-range quantum spherical models: We investigate the finite-size scaling of the entanglement gap in the one\ndimensional long-range quantum spherical model (QSM). We focus on the weak\nlong-range QSM, for which the thermodynamic limit is well-defined. This model\nexhibits a continuous phase transition, separating a paramagnetic from a\nferromagnet phase. The universality class of the transition depends on the\nlong-range exponent $\\alpha$. We show that in the thermodynamic limit the\nentanglement gap is finite in the paramagnetic phase, and it vanishes in the\nferromagnetic phase. In the ferromagnetic phase the entanglement gap is\nunderstood in terms of standard magnetic correlation functions. The\nentanglement gap decays as $\\delta\\xi\\simeq C_\\alpha L^{-(1/2-\\alpha/4)}$,\nwhere the constant $C_\\alpha$ depends on the low-energy properties of the\nmodel. This reflects that the lower part of the dispersion is affected by the\nlong range physics. Finally, multiplicative logarithmic corrections are absent\nin the scaling of the entanglement gap, in contrast with the higher-dimensional\ncase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Number of distinct sites visited by a subdiffusive random walker: The asymptotic mean number of distinct sites visited by a subdiffusive\ncontinuous time random walker in two dimensions seems not to have been\nexplicitly calculated anywhere in the literature. This number has been\ncalculated for other dimensions for only one specific asymptotic behavior of\nthe waiting time distribution between steps. We present an explicit derivation\nfor two cases in all integer dimensions so as to formally complete a tableaux\nof results. In this tableaux we include the dominant as well as subdominant\ncontributions in all integer dimensions. Other quantities that can be\ncalculated from the mean number of distinct sites visited are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Stokes' Drift of linear Defects: A linear defect, viz. an elastic string, diffusing on a planar substrate\ntraversed by a travelling wave experiences a drag known as Stokes' drift. In\nthe limit of an infinitely long string, such a mechanism is shown to be\ncharacterized by a sharp threshold that depends on the wave parameters, the\nstring damping constant and the substrate temperature. Moreover, the onset of\nthe Stokes' drift is signaled by an excess diffusion of the string center of\nmass, while the dispersion of the drifting string around its center of mass may\ngrow anomalous."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Understanding multifractality: reconstructing images from edges: It has been recently proven that natural images exhibit scaling properties\nanalogue to those of turbulent flows. These properties allow regarding each\nimage as a multifractal object, for which its most singular manifold conveys\nthe most of the non-redundant structure. In the present work, we go further in\nthis analysis, proposing a simple propagator that reconstructs the whole image\nfrom this set. This fact could have deep implications for biology, technology\nand statistical mechanics.",
        "positive": "Fast equilibrium switch of a micro mechanical oscillator: We demonstrate an accurate method to control the motion of a micromechanical\noscillator in contact with a thermal bath. The experiment is carried out on the\ncantilever tip of an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Applying an appropriate\ntime dependent external force, we decrease the time necessary to reach\nequilibrium by two orders of magnitude compared to the intrinsic equilibration\ntime. Finally, we analyze the energetic cost of such a fast equilibration, by\nmeasuring with kBT accuracy the energy exchanges along the process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Criticality in Dynamic Arrest: Correspondence between Glasses and\n  Traffic: Dynamic arrest is a general phenomenon across a wide range of dynamic\nsystems, but the universality of dynamic arrest phenomena remains unclear. We\nrelate the emergence of traffic jams in a simple traffic flow model to the\ndynamic slow down in kinetically constrained models for glasses. In kinetically\nconstrained models, the formation of glass becomes a true (singular) phase\ntransition in the limit $T\\to 0$. Similarly, using the Nagel-Schreckenberg\nmodel to simulate traffic flow, we show that the emergence of jammed traffic\nacquires the signature of a sharp transition in the deterministic limit $\\pp\\to\n1$, corresponding to overcautious driving. We identify a true dynamical\ncritical point marking the onset of coexistence between free flowing and jammed\ntraffic, and demonstrate its analogy to the kinetically constrained glass\nmodels. We find diverging correlations analogous to those at a critical point\nof thermodynamic phase transitions.",
        "positive": "Shape fluctuations of a Deforamable Body in a Randomly Stirred Host\n  Fluid: Consider a deformable body immersed in an incompressible fluid that is\nrandomly stirred. Sticking to physical situations in which the body departs\nonly slightly from its spherical shape, we investigate the deformations of the\nbody. The shape is decomposed into spherical harmonic modes. We study the\ncorrelations of these modes for a general class of random flows that include\nthe flow due to thermal agitation. Our results are general in the sense that\nthey are applicable to any body that is described solely by the shape of its\nsurface."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Event-driven Monte Carlo algorithm for general potentials: We extend the event-chain Monte Carlo algorithm from hard-sphere interactions\nto the micro-canonical ensemble (constant potential energy) for general\npotentials. This event-driven Monte Carlo algorithm is non-local,\nrejection-free, and allows for the breaking of detailed balance. The algorithm\nuses a discretized potential, but its running speed is asymptotically\nindependent of the discretization. We implement the algorithm for the cut-off\nlinear potential, and discuss its possible implementation directly in the\ncontinuum limit.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of curved interfaces: Stochastic growth phenomena on curved interfaces are studied by means of\nstochastic partial differential equations. These are derived as counterparts of\nlinear planar equations on a curved geometry after a reparametrization\ninvariance principle has been applied. We examine differences and similarities\nwith the classical planar equations. Some characteristic features are the loss\nof correlation through time and a particular behaviour of the average\nfluctuations. Dependence on the metric is also explored. The diffusive model\nthat propagates correlations ballistically in the planar situation is\nparticularly interesting, as this propagation becomes nonuniversal in the new\nregime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conformal Dynamics of Fractal Growth Patterns Without Randomness: Many models of fractal growth patterns (like Diffusion Limited Aggregation\nand Dielectric Breakdown Models) combine complex geometry with randomness; this\ndouble difficulty is a stumbling block to their elucidation. In this paper we\nintroduce a wide class of fractal growth models with highly complex geometry\nbut without any randomness in their growth rules. The models are defined in\nterms of deterministic itineraries of iterated conformal maps, automatically\ngenerating the global conformal function which maps the exterior of the unit\ncircle to the exterior of a n-particle growing aggregate. The complexity of the\nevolving interfaces is fully contained in the deterministic dynamics of the\nconformal map. We focus attention to a class of growth models in which the\nitinerary is quasiperiodic. Such itineraries can be approached via a series of\nrational approximants. The analytic power gained is used to introduce a scaling\ntheory of the fractal growth patterns. We explain the mechanism for the\nfractality of the clusters and identify the exponent that determines the\nfractal dimension.",
        "positive": "Square lattice site percolation at increasing ranges of neighbor\n  interactions: We report site percolation thresholds for square lattice with neighbor\ninteractions at various increasing ranges. Using Monte Carlo techniques we\nfound that nearest neighbors (N$^2$), next nearest neighbors (N$^3$), next next\nnearest neighbors (N$^4$) and fifth nearest neighbors (N$^6$) yield the same\n$p_c=0.592...$. At odds, fourth nearest neighbors (N$^5$) give $p_c=0.298...$.\nThese results are given an explanation in terms of symmetry arguments. We then\nconsider combinations of various ranges of interactions with (N$^2$+N$^3$),\n(N$^2$+N$^4$), (N$^2$+N$^3$+N$^4$) and (N$^2$+N$^5$). The calculated associated\nthresholds are respectively $p_c=0.407..., 0.337..., 0.288..., 0.234...$. The\nexisting Galam--Mauger universal formula for percolation thresholds does not\nreproduce the data showing dimension and coordination number are not sufficient\nto build a universal law which extends to complex lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Integral representation of the density matrix of the XXZ chain at finite\n  temperatures: We present an integral formula for the density matrix of a finite segment of\nthe infinitely long spin-1/2 XXZ chain. This formula is valid for any\ntemperature and any longitudinal magnetic field.",
        "positive": "Out of equilibrium dynamics in the bidimensional spin-ice model: We study the dynamics of 2d spin-ice following a quench from a fully\ndisordered initial condition (equilibrium at infinite temperature) into its\ndisordered, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases. We analyze the\nevolution of the density of topological defects and we show that these take\nfinite density over very long periods of time in all kinds of quenches. We\nidentify the leading mechanisms for the growth of domains in the ordered phases\nand we evaluate the (anisotropically) growing lengths involved in dynamic\nscaling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarsening Dynamics of a Nonconserved Field Advected by a Uniform Shear\n  Flow: We consider the ordering kinetics of a nonconserved scalar field advected by\na uniform shear flow. Using the Ohta-Jasnow-Kawasaki approximation, modified to\nallow for shear-induced anisotropy, we calculate the asymptotic time dependence\nof the characteristic length scales, L_parallel and L_perp, that describe the\ngrowth of order parallel and perpendicular to the mean domain orientation. In\nspace dimension d=3 we find, up to constants, L_parallel = gamma t^{3/2},\nL_perp = t^{1/2}, where gamma is the shear rate, while for d = 2 we find\nL_parallel = gamma^{1/2} t (ln t)^{1/4}, L_perp = gamma^{-1/2}(ln t)^{-1/4} .\nOur predictions for d=2 can be tested by experiments on twisted nematic liquid\ncrystals.",
        "positive": "On the Conversion of Work into Heat: Microscopic Models and Macroscopic\n  Equations: We summarize and extend some of the results obtained recently for the\nmicroscopic and macroscopic behavior of a pinned harmonic chain, with random\nvelocity flips at Poissonian times, acted on by a periodic force {at one end}\nand in contact with a heat bath at the other end. Here we consider the case\nwhere the system is in contact with two heat baths at different temperatures\nand a periodic force is applied at any position. This leads in the hydrodynamic\nlimit to a heat equation for the temperature profile with a discontinuous slope\nat the position where the force acts. Higher dimensional systems, unpinned\ncases and anharmonic interactions are also considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of the Coulomb-glass model in the zero-disorder limit:\n  Ising universality in a system with long-range interactions: The ordering of charges on half-filled hypercubic lattices is investigated\nnumerically, where electroneutrality is ensured by background charges. This\nsystem is equivalent to the $s = 1/2$ Ising lattice model with\nantiferromagnetic $1/r$ interaction. The temperature dependences of specific\nheat, mean staggered occupation, and of a generalized susceptibility indicate\ncontinuous order-disorder phase transitions at finite temperatures in two- and\nthree-dimensional systems. In contrast, the susceptibility of the\none-dimensional system exhibits singular behavior at vanishing temperature. For\nthe two- and three-dimensional cases, the critical exponents are obtained by\nmeans of a finite-size scaling analysis. Their values are consistent with those\nof the Ising model with short-range interaction, and they imply that the\nstudied model cannot belong to any other known universality class. Samples of\nup to 1400, $112^2$, and $22^3$ sites are considered for dimensions 1 to 3,\nrespectively.",
        "positive": "Nontrivial Velocity Distributions in Inelastic Gases: We study freely evolving and forced inelastic gases using the Boltzmann\nequation. We consider uniform collision rates and obtain analytical results\nvalid for arbitrary spatial dimension d and arbitrary dissipation coefficient\nepsilon. In the freely evolving case, we find that the velocity distribution\ndecays algebraically, P(v,t) ~ v^{-sigma} for sufficiently large velocities. We\nderive the exponent sigma(d,epsilon), which exhibits nontrivial dependence on\nboth d and epsilon, exactly. In the forced case, the velocity distribution\napproaches a steady-state with a Gaussian large velocity tail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time-Irreversibility is Hidden Within Newtonian Mechanics: We develop a bit-reversible implementation of Milne's Fourth-order Predictor\nalgorithm so as to generate precisely time-reversible simulations of\nirreversible processes. We apply our algorithm to the collision of two\nzero-temperature Morse-potential balls, which collide to form a warm liquid\noscillating drop. The oscillations are driven by surface tension and damped by\nthe viscosities. We characterize the \"important\" Lyapunov-unstable particles\nduring the collision and equilibration phases in both time directions to\ndemonstrate the utility of the Milne algorithm in exposing \"Time's Arrow\".",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic length, geometric efficiency and Legendre invariance: Thermodynamic length is a metric distance between equilibrium thermodynamic\nstates that asymptotically bounds the dissipation induced by a finite time\ntransformation of a thermodynamic system. By means of thermodynamic length, we\nfirst evaluate the departures from ideal to real gases in geometric\nthermodynamics with and without Legendre invariance. In particular, we\ninvestigate ideal and real gases in the Ruppeiner and geometrothermodynamic\nformalisms. Afterwards, we formulate a strategy to relate thermodynamic lengths\nto efficiency of thermodynamic systems in both the aforementioned frameworks in\nthe working assumption of small deviations from ideality. In this respect, we\npropose a geometric efficiency definition built up in analogy to quantum\nthermodynamic systems. We show the result that this efficiency is higher for\ngeometrothermodynamic fluids. Moreover, we stress this efficiency could be used\nas a novel geometric way to distinguish ideal from non-ideal thermal behaviors.\nIn such a way, it could be useful to quantify deviations from ideality for a\nvariety of real gases. Finally, we discuss the corresponding applications of\nour recipe to classical thermodynamic systems, noticing that our findings could\nhelp geometrically grasping the nature of different metrizations on manifolds\nof equilibrium thermal states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "General Construction of Irreversible Kernel in Markov Chain Monte Carlo: The Markov chain Monte Carlo update method to construct an irreversible\nkernel has been reviewed and extended to general state spaces. The several\nconvergence conditions of the Markov chain were discussed. The alternative\nmethods to the Gibbs sampler and the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm were\nproposed and assessed in some models. The distribution convergence and the\nsampling efficiency are significantly improved in the Potts model, the\nbivariate Gaussian model, and so on. This approach using the irreversible\nkernel can be applied to any Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and it is\nexpected to improve the efficiency in general.",
        "positive": "Microscopic analog of temperature within nonextensive thermostatistics: It is presented a microscopic interpretation for the temperature within\nTsallis thermostatistics, generalizing the classical derivation based on the\nBoltzmann-Gibbs statistics. It is shown that with this definition the zeroth\nlaw and the equipartition theorem are valid in their classical form. Moreover,\nit is observed that the equation of state for an ideal gas within generalized\nthermostatistics preserves the classical Boyle's law form $PV=NkT$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "1/f noise from correlations between avalanches in self-organized\n  criticality: We show that large, slowly driven systems can evolve to a self-organized\ncritical state where long range temporal correlations between bursts or\navalanches produce low frequency $1/f^{\\alpha}$ noise. The avalanches can occur\ninstantaneously in the external time scale of the slow drive, and their event\nstatistics are described by power law distributions. A specific example of this\nbehavior is provided by numerical simulations of a deterministic ``sandpile''\nmodel.",
        "positive": "Dimensional crossover and driven interfaces in disordered ferromagnets: We study the depinning transition of driven interfaces in thin ferromagnetic\nfilms driven by external magnetic fields. Approaching the transition point the\ncorrelation length increases with decreasing driving. If the correlation length\nbecomes of the order of the film thickness a crossover to two dimensional\nbehavior occurs. From the corresponding scaling analysis we determine the\nexponents characterizing the transition of the three dimensional system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Does the method of quasi-averages lead to the periodic density in a\n  crystal?: Since the Gibbs distribution function always yields a density of particles\nconstant in space, in order to obtain the periodic density characteristic of a\ncrystal it is usual to mention the method of quasi-averages. In the present\npaper it is shown that the method of quasi-averages does not lead to the\nperiodic density as well as the initial Gibbs distribution. It is also\ndiscussed how the crystalline state can be investigated by means of statistical\nmechanics.",
        "positive": "Variational Principle in Langevin Processes: The recent work, Nemoto and Sasa [Phys. Rev. E, 83: 030105(R) (2011)], has\nshown that large deviations of the current characterizing a nonequilibrium\nsystem are obtained by observing the typical current for a modified system\nspecified by a variational principle. In the present study, we will give a\ngeneralized version of the Nemoto-Sasa study by extracting a hidden\nmathematical structure from the fluctuation-response relation which is\nwell-known in statistical mechanics. Here, the minimization of the\nKullback-Leibler divergence plays an essential role."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The parallel TASEP, fixed particle number and weighted Motzkin paths: In this paper the totally asymmetric exclusion process (TASEP) with parallel\nupdate on an open lattice of size $L$ is considered in the maximum-current\nregion. A formal expression for the generating function for the weight of\nconfigurations with $N$ particles is given. Further an interpretation in terms\nof $(u,l,d)$-colored weighted Motzkin paths is presented. Using previous\nresults (Woelki and Schreckenberg 2009 {\\it J. Stat. Mech} P05014, Woelki 2010\n{\\it Cellular Automata}, pp 637-645) the generating function is compared with\nthe one for a possible 2nd-class particle dynamics for the parallel TASEP. It\nis shown that both become physically equivalent in the thermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "CTRW Pathways to the Fractional Diffusion Equation: The foundations of the fractional diffusion equation are investigated based\non coupled and decoupled continuous time random walks (CTRW). For this aim we\nfind an exact solution of the decoupled CTRW, in terms of an infinite sum of\nstable probability densities. This exact solution is then used to understand\nthe meaning and domain of validity of the fractional diffusion equation. An\ninteresting behavior is discussed for coupled memories (i.e., L\\'evy walks).\nThe moments of the random walk exhibit strong anomalous diffusion, indicating\n(in a naive way) the breakdown of simple scaling behavior and hence of the\nfractional approximation. Still the Green function $P(x,t)$ is described well\nby the fractional diffusion equation, in the long time limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extended Scaling in High Dimensions: We apply and test the recently proposed \"extended scaling\" scheme in an\nanalysis of the magnetic susceptibility of Ising systems above the upper\ncritical dimension. The data are obtained by Monte Carlo simulations using both\nthe conventional Wolff cluster algorithm and the Prokof'ev-Svistunov worm\nalgorithm. As already observed for other models, extended scaling is shown to\nextend the high-temperature critical scaling regime over a range of\ntemperatures much wider than that achieved conventionally. It allows for an\naccurate determination of leading and sub-leading scaling indices, critical\ntemperatures and amplitudes of the confluent corrections.",
        "positive": "Vicsek Model Meets DBSCAN: Cluster Phases in the Vicsek Model: The Vicsek model, which was originally proposed to explain the dynamics of\nbird flocking, exhibits a phase transition with respect to the absolute value\nof the mean velocity. Although clusters of agents can be easily observed via\nnumerical simulations of the Vicsek model, qualitative studies are lacking. We\nstudy the clustering structure of the Vicsek model by applying DBSCAN, a\nrecently-introduced clustering algorithm, and report that the Vicsek model\nshows a phase transition with respect to the number of clusters: from O(N) to\nO(1), with N being the number of agents, when increasing the magnitude of noise\nfor a fixed radius that specifies the interaction of the Vicsek model. We also\nreport that the combination of the order parameter proposed by Vicsek et al.\nand the number of clusters defines at least four phases of the Vicsek model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Normal and Anomalous Diffusion in Soft Lorentz Gases: Motivated by electronic transport in graphene-like structures, we study the\ndiffusion of a classical point particle in Fermi potentials situated on a\ntriangular lattice. We call this system a soft Lorentz gas, as the hard disks\nin the conventional periodic Lorentz gas are replaced by soft repulsive\nscatterers. A thorough computational analysis yields both normal and anomalous\n(super) diffusion with an extreme sensitivity on model parameters. This is due\nto an intricate interplay between trapped and ballistic periodic orbits, whose\nexistence is characterized by tongue-like structures in parameter space. These\nresults hold even for small softness showing that diffusion in the paradigmatic\nhard Lorentz gas is not robust for realistic potentials, where we find an\nentirely different type of diffusion.",
        "positive": "Analytic continuation over complex landscapes: In this paper we follow up the study of 'complex complex landscapes,' rugged\nlandscapes of many complex variables. Unlike real landscapes, the\nclassification of saddles by index is trivial. Instead, the spectrum of\nfluctuations at stationary points determines their topological stability under\nanalytic continuation of the theory. Topological changes, which occur at\nso-called Stokes points, proliferate among saddles with marginal (flat)\ndirections and are suppressed otherwise. This gives a direct interpretation of\nthe gap or 'threshold' energy -- which in the real case separates saddles from\nminima -- as the level where the spectrum of the hessian matrix of stationary\npoints develops a gap. This leads to different consequences for the analytic\ncontinuation of real landscapes with different structures: the global minima of\n'one step replica-symmetry broken' landscapes lie beyond a threshold, their\nhessians are gapped, and are locally protected from Stokes points, whereas\nthose of 'many step replica-symmetry broken' have gapless hessians and Stokes\npoints immediately proliferate. A new matrix ensemble is found, playing the\nrole that GOE plays for real landscapes in determining the topological nature\nof saddles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact surface energy and helical spinons in the XXZ spin chain with\n  arbitrary non-diagonal boundary fields: An analytic method is proposed to compute the surface energy and elementary\nexcitations of the XXZ spin chain with generic non-diagonal boundary fields.\nFor the gapped case, in some boundary parameter regimes the contributions of\nthe two boundary fields to the surface energy are non-additive. Such a\ncorrelation effect between the two boundaries also depends on the parity of the\nsite number $N$ even in the thermodynamic limit $N\\to\\infty$. For the gapless\ncase, contributions of the two boundary fields to the surface energy are\nadditive due to the absence of long-range correlation in the bulk. Although the\n$U(1)$ symmetry of the system is broken, exact spinon-like excitations, which\nobviously do not carry spin-$\\frac12$, are observed. The present method\nprovides an universal procedure to deal with quantum integrable systems either\nwith or without $U(1)$ symmetry.",
        "positive": "Free energy potential and temperature with information exchange: In this paper we develop a generalized formalism for equilibrium\nthermodynamic systems when an information is shared between the system and the\nreservoir. The information results in a correction to the entropy of the\nsystem. This extension of the formalism requires a consistent generalization of\nthe concept of thermodynamic temperature. We show that this extended\nequilibrium formalism includes also non-equilibrium conditions in steady state.\nBy non-equilibrium conditions we mean here a non Boltzmann probability\ndistribution within the phase space of the system. It is in fact possible to\nmap non-equilibrium steady state in an equivalent system in equilibrium\nconditions (Boltzmann distribution) with generalized temperature and the\ninclusion of the information potential corrections. A simple model consisting\nin a single free particle is discussed as elementary application of the theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size scaling at first-order quantum transitions: We study finite-size effects at first-order quantum transitions (FOQTs). We\nshow that the low-energy properties show a finite-size scaling (FSS) behavior,\nthe relevant scaling variable being the ratio of the energy associated with the\nperturbation driving the transition and the finite-size energy gap at the FOQT\npoint. The size dependence of the scaling variable is therefore essentially\ndetermined by the size dependence of the gap at the transition, which in turn\ndepends on the boundary conditions. Our results have broad validity and, in\nparticular, apply to any FOQT characterized by the degeneracy and crossing of\nthe two lowest-energy states in the infinite-volume limit. In this case, a\nphenomenological two-level theory provides exact expressions for the scaling\nfunctions. Numerical results for the quantum Ising chain in transverse and\nparallel magnetic fields support the FSS ansatzes.",
        "positive": "Effect of finite-size heat source's heat capacity on the efficiency of\n  heat engine: Heat engines used to output useful work have important practical\nsignificance, which, in general, operate between heat baths of infinite size\nand constant temperature. In this paper we study the efficiency of a heat\nengine operating between two finite-size heat sources with initial temperature\ndifferences. The total output work of such heat engine is limited due to the\nfinite heat capacity of the sources. We investigate the effects of different\nheat capacity characteristics of the sources on the heat engine's efficiency at\nmaximum work (EMW) in the quasi-static limit. In addition, we study the\nefficiency of the engine working in finite-time with maximum power of each\ncycle is achieved and find the efficiency follows a simple universality as\n$\\eta=\\eta_{\\mathrm{C}}/4+O\\left(\\eta_{\\mathrm{C}}^{2}\\right)$. Remarkably,\nwhen the heat capacity of the heat source is negative, such as the black holes,\nwe show that the heat engine efficiency during the operation can surpass the\nCarnot efficiency determined by the initial temperature of the heat sources. It\nis further argued that the heat engine between two black holes with vanishing\ninitial temperature difference can be driven by the energy fluctuation. The\ncorresponding EMW is proved to be $\\eta_{\\mathrm{EMW}}=2-\\sqrt{2}$, which is\ntwo time of the maximum energy release rate\n$\\mu=\\left(2-\\sqrt{2}\\right)/2\\approx0.29$ of two black hole emerging process\nobtained by S. W. Hawking."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Linear Response for Markov Dynamics, II: Inertial\n  Dynamics: We continue our study of the linear response of a nonequilibrium system. This\nPart II concentrates on models of open and driven inertial dynamics but the\nstructure and the interpretation of the result remain unchanged: the response\ncan be expressed as a sum of two temporal correlations in the unperturbed\nsystem, one entropic, the other frenetic. The decomposition arises from the\n(anti)symmetry under time-reversal on the level of the nonequilibrium action.\nThe response formula involves a statistical averaging over explicitly known\nobservables but, in contrast with the equilibrium situation, they depend on the\nmodel dynamics in terms of an excess in dynamical activity. As an example, the\nEinstein relation between mobility and diffusion constant is modified by a\ncorrelation term between the position and the momentum of the particle.",
        "positive": "Diffusion in a logarithmic potential: scaling and selection in the\n  approach to equilibrium: The equation which describes a particle diffusing in a logarithmic potential\narises in diverse physical problems such as momentum diffusion of atoms in\noptical traps, condensation processes, and denaturation of DNA molecules. A\ndetailed study of the approach of such systems to equilibrium via a scaling\nanalysis is carried out, revealing three surprising features: (i) the solution\nis given by two distinct scaling forms, corresponding to a diffusive (x ~\n\\sqrt{t}) and a subdiffusive (x >> \\sqrt{t}) length scales, respectively; (ii)\nthe scaling exponents and scaling functions corresponding to both regimes are\nselected by the initial condition; and (iii) this dependence on the initial\ncondition manifests a \"phase transition\" from a regime in which the scaling\nsolution depends on the initial condition to a regime in which it is\nindependent of it. The selection mechanism which is found has many similarities\nto the marginal stability mechanism which has been widely studied in the\ncontext of fronts propagating into unstable states. The general scaling forms\nare presented and their practical and theoretical applications are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement Spectra and Entanglement Thermodynamics of Hofstadter\n  Bilayers: We study Hofstadter bilayers, i.e. coupled hopping models on two-dimensional\nsquare lattices in a perpendicular magnetic field. Upon tracing out one of the\nlayers, we find an explicit expression for the resulting entanglement spectrum\nin terms of the energy eigenvalues of the underlying monolayer system. For\nstrongly coupled layers the entanglement Hamiltonian is proportional to the\nenergetic Hamiltonian of the monolayer system. The proportionality factor,\nhowever, cannot be interpreted as the inverse thermodynamic temperature, but\nrepresents a phenomenological temperature scale. We derive an explicit relation\nbetween both temperature scales which is in close analogy to a standard result\nof classic thermodynamics. In the limit of vanishing temperature, thermodynamic\nquantities such as entropy and inner energy approach their ground-state values,\nbut show a fractal structure as a function of magnetic flux.",
        "positive": "Efficiency analysis of reaction rate calculation methods using\n  analytical models I: The 2D sharp barrier: We analyze the efficiency of different methods for the calculation of\nreaction rates in the case of two simple analytical benchmark systems. Two\nclasses of methods are considered: the first are based on the free energy\ncalculation along a reaction coordinate and the calculation of the transmission\ncoefficient, the second on the sampling of dynamical pathways. We give scaling\nrules for how this efficiency depends on barrier height and width, and we hand\nout simple optimization rules for the method-specific parameters. We show that\nthe path sampling methods, using the transition interface sampling technique,\nbecome exceedingly more efficient than the others when the reaction coordinate\nis not the optimal one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean field theory for driven domain walls in disordered environments: We study the mean field equation of motion for driven domain walls in random\nmedia. We discuss the two cases of an external constant as well as an\noscillating driving force. Our main focus lies on the critical dynamics close\nto the depinning transition, which we study by analytical and numerical\nmethods. We find power-law scaling for the velocity as well as the hysteresis\nloop area.",
        "positive": "Schr\u00f6dinger Equation Driven by the Square of a Gaussian Field:\n  Instanton Analysis in the Large Amplification Limit: We study the tail of $p(U)$, the probability distribution of\n$U=\\vert\\psi(0,L)\\vert^2$, for $\\ln U\\gg 1$, $\\psi(x,z)$ being the solution to\n$\\partial_z\\psi -\\frac{i}{2m}\\nabla_{\\perp}^2 \\psi =g\\vert S\\vert^2\\, \\psi$,\nwhere $S(x,z)$ is a complex Gaussian random field, $z$ and $x$ respectively are\nthe axial and transverse coordinates, with $0\\le z\\le L$, and both $m\\ne 0$ and\n$g>0$ are real parameters. We perform the first instanton analysis of the\ncorresponding Martin-Siggia-Rose action, from which it is found that the\nrealizations of $S$ concentrate onto long filamentary instantons, as $\\ln U\\to\n+\\infty$. The tail of $p(U)$ is deduced from the statistics of the instantons.\nThe value of $g$ above which $\\langle U\\rangle$ diverges coincides with the one\nobtained by the completely different approach developed in Mounaix et al. 2006\n{\\it Commun. Math. Phys.} {\\bf 264}~741. Numerical simulations clearly show a\nstatistical bias of $S$ towards the instanton for the largest sampled values of\n$\\ln U$. The high maxima -- or `hot spots' -- of $\\vert S(x,z)\\vert^2$ for the\nbiased realizations of $S$ tend to cluster in the instanton region."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Interplay of Nonlinearity and Architecture in Equilibrium\n  Cytoskeletal Mechanics: The interplay between cytoskeletal architecture and the nonlinearity of the\ninteractions due to bucklable filaments plays a key role in modulating the\ncell's mechanical stability and affecting its structural rearrangements. We\nstudy a model of cytoskeletal structure treating it as an amorphous network of\nhard centers rigidly cross-linked by nonlinear elastic strings, neglecting the\neffects of motorization. Using simulations along with a self-consistent phonon\nmethod, we show that this minimal model exhibits diverse thermodynamically\nstable mechanical phases that depend on excluded volume, crosslink\nconcentration, filament length and stiffness. Within the framework set by the\nfree energy functional formulation and making use of the random first order\ntransition theory of structural glasses, we further estimate the characteristic\ndensities for a kinetic glass transition to occur in this model system. Network\nconnectivity strongly modulates the transition boundaries between various\nequilibrium phases, as well as the kinetic glass transition density.",
        "positive": "Hierarchical Bounds on Entropy Production Inferred from Partial\n  Information: Systems driven away from thermal equilibrium constantly deliver entropy to\ntheir environment. Determining this entropy production requires detailed\ninformation about the system's internal states and dynamics. However, in most\npractical scenarios, only a part of a complex experimental system is accessible\nto an external observer. In order to address this challenge, two notions of\npartial entropy production have been introduced in the literature as a way to\nassign an entropy production to an observed subsystem: one due to Shiraishi and\nSagawa [Phys. Rev. E 91, 012130 (2015)] and another due to Polettini and\nEsposito [arXiv:1703.05715 (2017)]. We show that although both of these schemes\nprovide a lower bound on the total entropy production, the latter -- which\nutilizes an effective thermodynamics description-- gives a better estimate of\nthe total dissipation. Using this effective thermodynamic framework, we\nestablish a partitioning of the total entropy production into two contributions\nthat individually verify integral fluctuation theorems: an observable partial\nentropy production and a hidden entropy production assigned to the unobserved\nsubsystem. Our results offer broad implications for both theoretical and\nempirical systems when only partial information is available."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-Ranged Correlations in Sheared Fluids: The presence of long-ranged correlations in a fluid undergoing uniform shear\nflow is investigated. An exact relation between the density autocorrelation\nfunction and the density-mometum correlation function implies that the former\nmust decay more rapidly than $1/r$, in contrast to predictions of simple mode\ncoupling theory. Analytic and numerical evaluation of a non-perturbative\nmode-coupling model confirms a crossover from $1/r$ behavior at ''small'' $r$\nto a stronger asymptotic power-law decay. The characteristic length scale is\n$\\ell \\approx \\sqrt{\\lambda_{0}/a}$ where $% \\lambda_{0}$ is the sound damping\nconstant and $a$ is the shear rate.",
        "positive": "Generalized Ising Model on a Scale-Free Network: An Interplay of Power\n  Laws: We consider a recently introduced generalization of the Ising model in which\nindividual spin strength can vary. The model is intended for analysis of\nordering in systems comprising agents which, although matching in their\nbinarity (i.e., maintaining the iconic Ising features of `+' or `$-$', `up' or\n`down', `yes' or `no'), differ in their strength. To investigate the interplay\nbetween variable properties of nodes and interactions between them, we study\nthe model on a complex network where both the spin strength and degree\ndistributions are governed by power laws. We show that in the annealed network\napproximation, thermodynamic functions of the model are self-averaging and we\nobtain an exact solution for the partition function. This allows us to derive\nthe leading temperature and field dependencies of thermodynamic functions,\ntheir critical behavior, and logarithmic corrections at the interface of\ndifferent phases. We find the delicate interplay of the two power laws leads to\nnew universality classes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatio-temporal generalization of the Harris criterion and its\n  application to diffusive disorder: We investigate how a clean continuous phase transition is affected by\nspatio-temporal disorder, i.e., by an external perturbation that fluctuates in\nboth space and time. We derive a generalization of the Harris criterion for the\nstability of the clean critical behavior in terms of the space-time correlation\nfunction of the external perturbation. As an application, we consider diffusive\ndisorder, i.e, an external perturbation governed by diffusive dynamics, and its\neffects on a variety of equilibrium and nonequilibrium critical points. We also\ndiscuss the relation between diffusive disorder and diffusive dynamical degrees\nof freedom on the example of model C of the Hohenberg-Halperin classification,\nand we comment on Griffiths singularities.",
        "positive": "Efficiency of Free Energy Transduction in Autonomous Systems: We consider the thermodynamics of chemical coupling from the viewpoint of\nfree energy transduction efficiency. In contrast to an external\nparameter-driven stochastic energetics setup, the dynamic change of the\nequilibrium distribution induced by chemical coupling, adopted, for example, in\nbiological systems, is inevitably an autonomous process. We found that the\nefficiency is bounded by the ratio between the non-symmetric and the\nsymmetrized Kullback-Leibler distance, which is significantly lower than unity.\nConsequences of this low efficiency are demonstrated in the simple two-state\ncase, which serves as an important minimal model for studying the energetics of\nbiomolecules."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Q operator and the spectrum of the XXZ model at root of unity: The spin-1/2 Heisenberg XXZ chain is a paradigmatic quantum integrable model.\nAlthough it can be solved exactly via Bethe ansatz techniques, there are still\nopen issues regarding the spectrum at root of unity values of the anisotropy.\nWe construct Baxter's Q operator at arbitrary anisotropy from a two-parameter\ntransfer matrix associated to a complex-spin auxiliary space. A decomposition\nof this transfer matrix provides a simple proof of the transfer matrix fusion\nand Wronskian relations. At root of unity a truncation allows us to construct\nthe Q operator explicitly in terms of finite-dimensional matrices. From its\ndecomposition we derive truncated fusion and Wronskian relations as well as an\ninterpolation-type formula that has been conjectured previously. We elucidate\nthe Fabricius-McCoy (FM) strings and exponential degeneracies in the spectrum\nof the six-vertex transfer matrix at root of unity. Using a semicyclic\nauxiliary representation we give a conjecture for creation and annihilation\noperators of FM strings for all roots of unity. We connect our findings with\nthe 'string-charge duality' in the thermodynamic limit, leading to a conjecture\nfor the imaginary part of the FM string centres with potential applications to\nout-of-equilibrium physics.",
        "positive": "Brain, Rain and Forest Fires -- What is critical about criticality: In\n  praise of the correlation function: We present a brief review of power laws and correlation functions as measures\nof criticality and the relation between them. By comparing phenomenology from\nrain, brain and the forest fire model we discuss the relevant features of\nself-organisation to the vicinity about a critical state. We conclude that\norganisation to a region of extended correlations and approximate power laws\nmay be behaviour of interest shared between the three considered systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Insights into nature of magnetization plateaus of a nickel complex\n  [Ni4(CO3)2(aetpy)8](ClO4)4 from a spin-1 Heisenberg diamond cluster: Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of a spin-1 Heisenberg diamond cluster\nwith two different coupling constants are investigated with the help of an\nexact diagonalization based on the Kambe's method, which employs a local\nconservation of composite spins formed by spin-1 entities located in opposite\ncorners of a diamond spin cluster. It is shown that the spin-1 Heisenberg\ndiamond cluster exhibits several intriguing quantum ground states, which are\nmanifested in low-temperature magnetization curves as intermediate plateaus at\n1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 of the saturation magnetization. Besides, the spin-1\nHeisenberg diamond cluster may also exhibit an enhanced magnetocaloric effect,\nwhich may be relevant for a low-temperature refrigeration achieved through the\nadiabatic demagnetization. It is evidenced that the spin-1 Heisenberg diamond\ncluster with the antiferromagnetic coupling constants J1/kB = 41.4 K and J2/kB\n= 9.2 K satisfactorily reproduces a low-temperature magnetization curve\nrecorded for the tetranuclear nickel complex [Ni4(CO3)2(aetpy)8](ClO4)4 (aetpy\n= 2-aminoethyl-pyridine) including a size and position of intermediate plateaus\ndetected at 1/2 and 3/4 of the saturation magnetization. A microscopic nature\nof fractional magnetization plateaus observed experimentally is clarified and\ninterpreted in terms of valence-bond crystal with either a single or double\nvalence bond. It is suggested that this frustrated magnetic molecule can\nprovide a prospective cryogenic coolant with the maximal isothermal entropy\nchange - Delta S = 10.6 J/(K.kg) in a temperature range below 2.3 K.",
        "positive": "Exactly conserved quasilocal operators for the XXZ spin chain: We extend T. Prosen's construction of quasilocal conserved quantities for the\nXXZ model [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 217206 (2011)] to the case of periodic\nboundary conditions. These quasilocal operators stem from a two-parameter\ntransfer matrix which employs a highest-weight representation of the quantum\ngroup algebra inherent in the Yang-Baxter algebra. In contrast with the open\nchain, where the conservation law is weakly violated by boundary terms, the\nquasilocal operators in the periodic chain exactly commute with the Hamiltonian\nand other local conserved quantities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Domain-wall structure of a classical Heisenberg ferromagnet on a Mobius\n  strip: We study theoretically the structure of domain walls in ferromagnetic states\non Mobius strips. A two-dimensional classical Heisenberg ferromagnet with\nsingle-site anisotropy is treated within a mean-field approximation by taking\ninto account the boundary condition to realize the Mobius geometry. It is found\nthat two types of domain walls can be formed, namely, parallel or perpendicular\nto the circumference, and that the relative stability of these domain walls is\nsensitive to the change in temperature and an applied magnetic field. The\nmagnetization has a discontinuity as a function of temperature and the external\nfield.",
        "positive": "Fractional Dynamics and Modulational Instability in Long-Range\n  Heisenberg Chains: We study the effective dynamics of ferromagnetic spin chains in presence of\nlong-range interactions. We consider the Heisenberg Hamiltonian in one\ndimension for which the spins are coupled through power-law long-range exchange\ninteractions with exponent $\\alpha$. We add to the Hamiltonian an anisotropy in\nthe $z$-direction. In the framework of a semiclassical approach, we use the\nHolstein-Primakoff transformation to derive an effective long-range discrete\nnonlinear Schr\\\"odinger equation. We then perform the continuum limit and we\nobtain a fractional nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger-like equation. Finally, we study\nthe modulational instability of plane-waves in the continuum limit and we prove\nthat, at variance with the short-range case, plane waves are modulationally\nunstable for $\\alpha < 3$. We also study the dependence of the modulation\ninstability growth rate and critical wave-number on the parameters of the\nHamiltonian and on the exponent $\\alpha$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probing local equilibrium in nonequilibrium fluids: We use extensive computer simulations to probe local thermodynamic\nequilibrium (LTE) in a quintessential model fluid, the two-dimensional\nhard-disks system. We show that macroscopic LTE is a property much stronger\nthan previously anticipated, even in the presence of important finite size\neffects, revealing a remarkable bulk-boundary decoupling phenomenon in fluids\nout of equilibrium. This allows us to measure the fluid's equation of state in\nsimulations far from equilibrium, with an excellent accuracy comparable to the\nbest equilibrium simulations. Subtle corrections to LTE are found in the\nfluctuations of the total energy which strongly point out to the nonlocality of\nthe nonequilibrium potential governing the fluid's macroscopic behavior out of\nequilibrium.",
        "positive": "The dynamical and thermodynamical origin of dissipative chaos: Chaos is usually referred to the sensitivity to initial conditions in which\nthe nonlinearity plays a crucial role. Beyond such a mathematical description,\nthe understanding of the underlying physical origin of the chaos is still not\nvery clear. Here we study the dissipative chaos from the perspective of the\nnonequilibrium dynamics. This was not fully investigated in the traditional\nchaos theory, despite of the Lorenz's original discovery of chaos from the\nnonequilibrium atmosphere. We found that the nonequilibriumness as the degree\nof detailed balance breaking can be quantified by the appearance of the steady\nstate probability flux in the state space. We uncovered that the dynamical\norigin of the onset and offset of the dissipative chaos such as Lorentz\nattractor is from the sudden appearance and disappearance of such\nnonequilibrium flux. We also uncovered that the dissipation associated with the\nflux quantified by the entropy production rate gives the thermodynamical origin\nof dissipative chaos. The sharp changes in the degree of nonequilibriumness by\nthe flux and the entropy production rate also provide alternative quantitative\nindicators for the onset and offset of the dissipative chaos."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling Exponent for Coarsening in a 1D q-state system: An exponent $\\beta$ which characterises non-equilibrium coarsening processes\nis calculated in a deterministic solvable model of coarsening for a 1D q-state\nPotts system. We study how the fraction of sites P which have never changed\ntheir state, scale with the characteristic domain length $<\\ell>$. $\\beta$ is\ndefined by P \\sim $<\\ell>^{\\beta -1}$. We propose a new model of coarsening\nthat prevents correlations from developing between domains thereby ensuring\ntractability and an exact result for any q.",
        "positive": "Gompertz law in simple computer model of aging of biological population: It is shown that if the computer model of biological ageing proposed by\nStauffer is modified such that the late reproduction is privileged then the\nGompertz law of exponential increase of mortality can be retrieved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical scaling to infinite temperature: Three dimensional Ising model ferromagnets on different lattices with nearest\nneighbor interactions, and on simple cubic lattices with equivalent\ninteractions out to further neighbors, are studied numerically. The\nsusceptibility data for all these systems are analyzed using the critical\nRenormalization Group Theory formalism over the entire temperature range above\nTc with an appropriate choice of scaling variable and scaling expressions.\nRepresentative experimental data on a metallic ferromagnet (Ni) and an\nelementary fluid (Xe) are interpreted in the same manner so as to estimate\neffective coordination numbers.",
        "positive": "Spectral statistics of the k-body random-interaction model: We reconsider the question of the spectral statistics of the k-body\nrandom-interaction model, investigated recently by Benet, Rupp, and\nWeidenmueller, who concluded that the spectral statistics are Poissonian. The\nbinary-correlation method that these authors used involves formal manipulations\nof divergent series. We argue that Borel summation does not suffice to define\nthese divergent series without further (arbitrary) regularization, and that\nthis constitutes a significant gap in the demonstration of Poissonian\nstatistics. Our conclusion is that the spectral statistics of the k-body\nrandom-interaction model remains an open question."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Yang-Lee Zeros of the Yang-Lee Model: To understand the distribution of the Yang-Lee zeros in quantum integrable\nfield theories we analyse the simplest of these systems given by the\ntwo-dimensional Yang-Lee model. The grand-canonical partition function of this\nquantum field theory, as a function of the fugacity z and the inverse\ntemperature beta, can be computed in terms of the Thermodynamics Bethe Ansatz\nbased on its exact S-matrix. We extract the Yang-Lee zeros in the complex plane\nby using a sequence of polynomials of increasing order N in z which converges\nto the grand-canonical partition function. We show that these zeros are\ndistributed along curves which are approximate circles as it is also the case\nof the zeros for purely free theories. There is though an important difference\nbetween the interactive theory and the free theories, for the radius of the\nzeros in the interactive theory goes continuously to zero in the\nhigh-temperature limit beta ->0 while in the free theories it remains close to\n1 even for small values of beta, jumping to 0 only at beta = 0.",
        "positive": "Quantum Performance of Thermal Machines over Many Cycles: The performance of quantum heat engines is generally based on the analysis of\na single cycle. We challenge this approach by showing that the total work\nperformed by a quantum engine need not be proportional to the number of cycles.\nFurthermore, optimizing the engine over multiple cycles leads to the\nidentification of scenarios with a quantum enhancement. We demonstrate our\nfindings with a quantum Otto engine based on a two-level system as the working\nsubstance that supplies power to an external oscillator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Are superparamagnetic spins classical?: Effective giant spins of magnetic nanoparticles are considered classically in\nthe conventional theory of superparamagnetism based on the\nLandau-Lifshitz-Langevin equation. However, microscopic calculations for a\nlarge spin with uniaxial anisotropy, coupled to the lattice via the simplest\ngeneric mechanism, show that the results of the conventional theory are not\nreproduced in the limit S ->\\infty. In particular, the prefactor Gamma_0 in the\nArrhenius escape rate over the barrier Gamma =Gamma_0 exp[-Delta U/(k_B T)] has\nan anomalously large sensitivity to symmetry-breaking interactions such as\ntransverse field",
        "positive": "Universal and nonuniversal probability laws in Markovian open quantum\n  dynamics subject to generalized reset processes: We consider quantum jump trajectories of Markovian open quantum systems\nsubject to stochastic in time resets of their state to an initial\nconfiguration. The reset events provide a partitioning of quantum trajectories\ninto consecutive time intervals, defining sequences of random variables from\nthe values of a trajectory observable within each of the intervals. For\nobservables related to functions of the quantum state, we show that the\nprobability of certain orderings in the sequences obeys a universal law. This\nlaw does not depend on the chosen observable and, in case of Poissonian reset\nprocesses, not even on the details of the dynamics. When considering (discrete)\nobservables associated with the counting of quantum jumps, the probabilities in\ngeneral lose their universal character. Universality is only recovered in cases\nwhen the probability of observing equal outcomes in a same sequence is\nvanishingly small, which we can achieve in a weak reset rate limit. Our results\nextend previous findings on classical stochastic processes [N.~R.~Smith et al.,\nEPL {\\bf 142}, 51002 (2023)] to the quantum domain and to state-dependent reset\nprocesses, shedding light on relevant aspects for the emergence of universal\nprobability laws."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Potts Models with (17) Invisible States on Thin Graphs: The order of a phase transition is usually determined by the nature of the\nsymmetry breaking at the phase transition point and the dimension of the model\nunder consideration. For instance, q-state Potts models in two dimensions\ndisplay a second order, continuous transition for q = 2,3,4 and first order for\nhigher q.\n  Tamura et al recently introduced Potts models with \"invisible\" states which\ncontribute to the entropy but not the internal energy and noted that adding\nsuch invisible states could transmute continuous transitions into first order\ntransitions. This was observed both in a Bragg-Williams type mean-field\ncalculation and 2D Monte-Carlo simulations. It was suggested that the invisible\nstate mechanism for transmuting the order of a transition might play a role\nwhere transition orders inconsistent with the usual scheme had been observed.\n  In this paper we note that an alternative mean-field approach employing\n3-regular random (\"thin\") graphs also displays this change in the order of the\ntransition as the number of invisible states is varied, although the number of\nstates required to effect the transmutation, 17 invisible states when there are\n2 visible states, is much higher than in the Bragg-Williams case. The\ncalculation proceeds by using the equivalence of the Potts model with 2 visible\nand r invisible states to the Blume-Emery-Griffiths (BEG) model, so a\nby-product is the solution of the BEG model on thin random graphs.",
        "positive": "Scale invariance and related properties of q-Gaussian systems: We advance scale-invariance arguments for systems that are governed (or\napproximated) by a $q-$Gaussian distribution, i.e., a power law distribution\nwith exponent $Q=1/(1-q); q \\in \\mathbb{R}$. The ensuing line of reasoning is\nthen compared with that applying for Gaussian distributions, with emphasis on\ndimensional considerations. In particular, a Gaussian system may be part of a\nlarger system that is not Gaussian, but, if the larger system is spherically\ninvariant, then it is necessarily Gaussian again. We show that this result\nextends to q-Gaussian systems via elliptic invariance. The problem of\nestimating the appropriate value for $q$ is revisited. A kinetic application is\nalso provided."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal finite-differences discretization for the diffusion equation\n  from the perspective of large-deviation theory: When applying the finite-differences method to numerically solve the\none-dimensional diffusion equation, one must choose discretization steps\n$\\Delta x$, $\\Delta t$ in space and time, respectively. By applying\nlarge-deviation theory on the discretized dynamics, we analyze the numerical\nerrors due to the discretization, and find that the (relative) errors are\nespecially large in regions of space where the concentration of particles is\nvery small. We find that the choice $\\Delta t = {\\Delta x}^2 / (6D)$, where $D$\nis the diffusion coefficient, gives optimal accuracy compared to any other\nchoice (including, in particular, the limit $\\Delta t \\to 0$), thus reproducing\nthe known result that may be obtained using truncation error analysis. In\naddition, we give quantitative estimates for the dynamical lengthscale at which\nthe numerical solution is accurate, and study its dependence on the\ndiscretization parameters. We then turn to study the the advection-diffusion\nequation, and obtain explicit expressions for the optimal $\\Delta t$ and other\nparameters of the finite-differences scheme, in terms of $\\Delta x$, $D$ and\nthe advection velocity. We apply these results to study large deviations of the\narea swept by a diffusing particle in one dimension, trapped by an external\npotential $\\sim |x|$. We extend our analysis to higher dimensions by combining\nour results from the one dimensional case with the locally one-dimension\nmethod.",
        "positive": "Invited review: KPZ. Recent developments via a variational formulation: Recently, a variational approach has been introduced for the paradigmatic\nKardar--Parisi--Zhang (KPZ) equation. Here we review that approach, together\nwith the functional Taylor expansion that the KPZ nonequilibrium potential\n(NEP) admits. Such expansion becomes naturally truncated at third order, giving\nrise to a nonlinear stochastic partial differential equation to be regarded as\na gradient-flow counterpart to the KPZ equation. A dynamic renormalization\ngroup analysis at one-loop order of this new mesoscopic model yields the KPZ\nscaling relation alpha+z=2, as a consequence of the exact cancelation of the\ndifferent contributions to vertex renormalization. This result is quite\nremarkable, considering the lower degree of symmetry of this equation, which is\nin particular not Galilean invariant. In addition, this scheme is exploited to\ninquire about the dynamical behavior of the KPZ equation through a\npath-integral approach. Each of these aspects offers novel points of view and\nsheds light on particular aspects of the dynamics of the KPZ equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Imperfect Narrow Escape problem: We consider the kinetics of the imperfect narrow escape problem, i.e. the\ntime it takes for a particle diffusing in a confined medium of generic shape to\nreach and to be adsorbed by a small, imperfectly reactive patch embedded in the\nboundary of the domain, in two or three dimensions. Imperfect reactivity is\nmodeled by an intrinsic surface reactivity $\\kappa$ of the patch, giving rise\nto Robin boundary conditions. We present a formalism to calculate the exact\nasymptotics of the mean reaction time in the limit of large volume of the\nconfining domain. We obtain exact explicit results in the two limits of large\nand small reactivities of the reactive patch, and a semi-analytical expression\nin the general case. Our approach reveals an anomalous scaling of the mean\nreaction time as the inverse square root of the reactivity in the large\nreactivity limit, valid for an initial position near the extremity of the\nreactive patch. We compare our exact results with those obtained within the\n``constant flux approximation''; we show that this approximation turns out to\ngive exactly the next-to-leading order term of the small reactivity limit, and\nprovides a good approximation of the reaction time far from the reactive patch\nfor all reactivities, but not in the vicinity of the boundary of the reactive\npatch due to the above mentioned anomalous scaling. These results thus provide\na general framework to quantify the mean reaction times for the imperfect\nnarrow escape problem.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation Theorem as a special case of Girsanov Theorem: Stochastic thermodynamics is an important development in the direction of\nfinding general thermodynamic principles for non-equilibrium systems. We\nbelieve stochastic thermodynamics has the potential to benefit from the\nmeasure-theoretic framework of stochastic differential equations. Towards this,\nin this work, we show that Fluctuation Theorem (FT) is a special case of the\nGirsanov theorem, which is an important result in the theory of stochastic\ndifferential equations. We report that by employing Girsanov transformation of\nmeasures between the forward and the reversed dynamics of a general class of\nLangevin dynamic systems, we arrive at the Integral Fluctuation Relation.\nFollowing the same approach, we derive the FT also for the overdamped case. Our\nderivation is applicable to both transient and steady state conditions and can\nalso incorporate diffusion coefficients varying as a function of state and\ntime. We expect that the proposed method will be an easy route towards deriving\nthe FT irrespective of the complexity and non-linearity of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Residence time statistics for $N$ blinking quantum dots and other\n  stochastic processes: We present a study of residence time statistics for $N$ blinking quantum\ndots. With numerical simulations and exact calculations we show sharp\ntransitions for a critical number of dots. In contrast to expectation the\nfluctuations in the limit of $N \\to \\infty$ are non-trivial. Besides quantum\ndots our work describes residence time statistics in several other many\nparticle systems for example $N$ Brownian particles. Our work provides a\nnatural framework to detect non-ergodic kinetics from measurements of many\nblinking chromophores, without the need to reach the single molecule limit.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo Investigation of Lattice Models of Polymer Collapse in Five\n  Dimensions: Monte Carlo simulations, using the PERM algorithm, of interacting\nself-avoiding walks (ISAW) and interacting self-avoiding trails (ISAT) in five\ndimensions are presented which locate the collapse phase transition in those\nmodels. It is argued that the appearance of a transition (at least) as strong\nas a pseudo-first-order transition occurs in both models. The values of various\ntheoretically conjectured dimension-dependent exponents are shown to be\nconsistent with the data obtained. Indeed the first-order nature of the\ntransition is even stronger in five dimensions than four. The agreement with\nthe theory is better for ISAW than ISAT and it cannot be ruled out that ISAT\nhave a true first-order transition in dimension five. This latter difference\nwould be intriguing if true. On the other hand, since simulations are more\ndifficult for ISAT than ISAW at this transition in high dimensions, any\ndiscrepancy may well be due to the inability of the simulations to reach the\ntrue asymptotic regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conditions for the emergence of spatial asymmetric states in attractor\n  neural network: In this paper we show that during the retrieval process in a binary symmetric\nHebb neural network, spatial localized states can be observed when the\nconnectivity of the network is distance-dependent and when a constraint on the\nactivity of the network is imposed, which forces different levels of activity\nin the retrieval and learning states. This asymmetry in the activity during the\nretrieval and learning is found to be sufficient condition in order to observe\nspatial localized states. The result is confirmed analytically and by\nsimulation.",
        "positive": "Solving bifurcation diagrams using fixed points as control parameters: We propose to determine the bifurcation diagrams of fixed points using their\ncoordinates as control parameters. This method can lead to exact solutions to\notherwise intractable bifurcation problems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strong zero modes in a class of generalised Ising spin ladders with\n  plaquette interactions: We study a class of spin-$1/2$ quantum ladder models with generalised\nplaquette interactions in the presence of a transverse field. We show that in\ncertain parameter regimes these models have strong zero modes responsible for\nthe long relaxation times of edge spins. By exploiting an infinite set of\nsymmetries in these systems, we show how their Hamiltonians can be represented,\nin each symmetry sector, by a transverse field Ising chain. Due to the presence\nof an extensive number of conserved quantities, even if the original system has\nno disorder, most of these symmetry sectors feature a quasi-random transverse\nfield profile. This representation of the ladder system in terms of a\ndisordered Ising chain allows to explain the features of the edge\nautocorrelation function of the original system.",
        "positive": "Rejoinder on \"Conjectures on exact solution of three-dimensional (3D)\n  simple orthorhombic Ising lattices\": It is shown that the arguments in the reply of Z.-D. Zhang (arXiv:0812.0194)\nto the comment arXiv:0811.1802 defending his conjectures in arXiv:0705.1045 are\ninvalid. His conjectures have been thoroughly disproved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Logarithmic current fluctuations in non-equilibrium quantum spin chains: We study zero-temperature quantum spin chains which are characterized by a\nnon-vanishing current. For the XX model starting from the initial state |... +\n+ + - - - ...> we derive an exact expression for the variance of the total spin\ncurrent. We show that asymptotically the variance exhibits an anomalously slow\nlogarithmic growth; we also extract the sub-leading constant term. We then\nargue that the logarithmic growth remains valid for the XXZ model in the\ncritical region.",
        "positive": "Towards the Evaluation of the Relevant Degrees of Freedom in Nonlinear\n  Partial Differential Equations: We investigate an operator renormalization group method to extract and\ndescribe the relevant degrees of freedom in the evolution of partial\ndifferential equations. The proposed renormalization group approach is\nformulated as an analytical method providing the fundamental concepts of a\nnumerical algorithm applicable to various dynamical systems. We examine\ndynamical scaling characteristics in the short-time and the long-time evolution\nregime providing only a reduced number of degrees of freedom to the evolution\nprocess."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Standing magnetic wave on Ising ferromagnet: Nonequilibrium phase\n  transition: The dynamical response of an Ising ferromagnet to a plane polarised standing\nmagnetic field wave is modelled and studied here by Monte Carlo simulation in\ntwo dimensions. The amplitude of standing magnetic wave is modulated along the\ndirection x. We have detected two main dynamical phases namely, pinned and\noscillating spin clusters. Depending on the value of field amplitude the system\nis found to undergo a phase transition from oscillating spin cluster to pinned\nas the system is cooled down. The time averaged magnetisation over a full cycle\nof magnetic field oscillations is defined as the dynamic order parameter. The\ntransition is detected by studying the temperature dependences of the variance\nof the dynamic order parameter, the derivative of the dynamic order parameter\nand the dynamic specific heat. The dependence of the transition temperature on\nthe magnetic field amplitude and on the wavelength of the magnetic field wave\nis studied at a single frequency. A comprehensive phase boundary is drawn in\nthe plane described by the temperature and field amplitude for two different\nwavelengths of the magnetic wave. The variation of instantaneous line\nmagnetisation during a period of magnetic field oscillation for standing wave\nmode is compared to those for the propagating wave mode. Also the probability\nthat a spin at any site, flips, is calculated. The above mentioned variations\nand the probability of spin flip clearly distinguish between the dynamical\nphases formed by propagating magnetic wave and by standing magnetic wave in an\nIsing ferromagnet.",
        "positive": "Characterization of dynamical phase transitions in quantum jump\n  trajectories beyond the properties of the stationary state: We describe how to characterize dynamical phase transitions in open quantum\nsystems from a purely dynamical perspective, namely, through the statistical\nbehavior of quantum jump trajectories. This approach goes beyond considering\nonly properties of the steady state. While in small quantum systems dynamical\ntransitions can only occur trivially at limiting values of the controlling\nparameters, in many-body systems they arise as collective phenomena and within\nthis perspective they are reminiscent of thermodynamic phase transitions. We\nillustrate this in open models of increasing complexity: a three-level system,\na dissipative version of the quantum Ising model, and the micromaser. In these\nexamples dynamical transitions are accompanied by clear changes in static\nbehavior. This is however not always the case, and in general dynamical phase\nbehavior needs to be uncovered by observables which are strictly dynamical,\ne.g. dynamical counting fields. We demonstrate this via the example of a class\nof models of dissipative quantum glasses, whose dynamics can vary widely\ndespite having identical (and trivial) stationary states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the new universality class in structurally disordered $n$-vector\n  model with long-range interactions: We study a stability border of a region where nontrivial critical behaviour\nof an $n$-vector model with long-range power-law decaying interactions is\ninduced by the presence of a structural disorder (e.g. weak quenched dilution).\nThis border is given by the marginal dimension of the order parameter $n_c$\ndependent on space dimension, $d$, and a control parameter of the interaction\ndecay, $\\sigma$, below which the model belongs to the new dilution-induced\nuniversality class. Exploiting the Harris criterion and recent\nfield-theoretical renormalization group results for the pure model with\nlong-range interactions we get $n_c$ as a three loop\n$\\epsilon=2\\sigma-d$-expansion. We provide numerical values for $n_c$ applying\nseries resummation methods. Our results show that not only the Ising systems\n($n=1$) can belong to the new disorder-induced long-range universality class at\n$d=2$ and $d=3$.",
        "positive": "Auto-correlation Functions and Quantum Fluctuations of the Transverse\n  Ising Chain by the Quantum Transfer Matrix Method: The Quantum Transfer Matrix method based on the Suzuki-Trotter formulation is\nextended to dynamical problems. The auto-correlation functions of the\nTransverse Ising chain are derived by this method. It is shown that the\nTrotter-directional correlation function is interpreted as a Matsubara's\ntemperature Green function and that the auto-correlation function is given by\nanalytic continuation of the Green function. We propose the Trotter-directional\ncorrelation function is a new measure of the quantum fluctuation and show how\nit works well as a demonstration."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bayesian estimates of free energies from nonequilibrium work data in the\n  presence of instrument noise: The Jarzynski equality and the fluctuation theorem relate equilibrium free\nenergy differences to non-equilibrium measurements of the work. These relations\nextend to single-molecule experiments that have probed the finite-time\nthermodynamics of proteins and nucleic acids. The effects of experimental error\nand instrument noise have not previously been considered. Here, we present a\nBayesian formalism for estimating free-energy changes from non-equilibrium work\nmeasurements that compensates for instrument noise and combines data from\nmultiple driving protocols. We reanalyze a recent set of experiments in which a\nsingle RNA hairpin is unfolded and refolded using optical tweezers at three\ndifferent rates. Interestingly, the fastest and farthest-from-equilibrium\nmeasurements contain the least instrumental noise, and therefore provide a more\naccurate estimate of the free energies than a few slow, more noisy,\nnear-equilibrium measurements. The methods we propose here will extend the\nscope of single-molecule experiments; they can be used in the analysis of data\nfrom measurements with AFM, optical, and magnetic tweezers.",
        "positive": "Large work extraction and the Landauer limit in a continuous Maxwell\n  demon: The relation between entropy and information dates back to the classical\nMaxwell demon (MD) paradox, a thought experiment proposed in 1867 by J. C.\nMaxwell to violate the second law of thermodynamics. A variant of the classical\nMD is the Szilard engine proposed by L. Szilard in 1926 in which the demon\nobserves, at a given time, the compartment occupied by a single molecule in a\nvessel and extracts work by operating a pulley device. Here we introduce the\nContinuous Maxwell Demon (CMD), a device capable of extracting arbitrarily\nlarge amounts of work per cycle by repeated measurements of the state of a\nsystem, and experimentally test it in single DNA hairpin pulling experiments.\nIn the CMD the demon monitors the state of the DNA hairpin (folded or unfolded)\nby observing it at equally spaced time intervals but extracts work only when\nthe molecule changes state. We demonstrate that the average maximum work per\ncycle that can be extracted by the CMD is limited by the information-content of\nthe stored sequences, in agreement with the second law. Work extraction\nefficiency is found to be maximal in the large information-content limit where\nwork extraction is fuelled by rare events."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long range correlations in the non-equilibrium quantum relaxation of a\n  spin chain: We consider the non-stationary quantum relaxation of the Ising spin chain in\na transverse field of strength h. Starting from a homogeneously magnetized\ninitial state the system approaches a stationary state by a process possessing\nquasi long range correlations in time and space, independent of the value of\n$h$. In particular the system exhibits aging (or lack of time translational\ninvariance on intermediate time scales) although no indications of coarsening\nare present.",
        "positive": "Negative velocity fluctuations of pulled reaction fronts: The position of a reaction front, propagating into an unstable state,\nfluctuates because of the shot noise. What is the probability that the\nfluctuating front moves considerably slower than its deterministic counterpart?\nCan the noise arrest the front motion for some time, or even make it move in\nthe wrong direction? We present a WKB theory that assumes many particles in the\nfront region and answers these questions for the microscopic model A->2A, 2A->A\nand random walk."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The random field Ising model with an asymmetric trimodal probability\n  distribution: The Ising model in the presence of a random field is investigated within the\nmean field approximation based on Landau expansion. The random field is drawn\nfrom the trimodal probability distribution $P(h_{i})=p \\delta(h_{i}-h_{0}) + q\n\\delta (h_{i}+h_{0}) + r \\delta(h_{i})$, where the probabilities $p, q, r$ take\non values within the interval $[0,1]$ consistent with the constraint $p+q+r=1$\n(asymmetric distribution), $h_{i}$ is the random field variable and $h_{0}$ the\nrespective strength. This probability distribution is an extension of the\nbimodal one allowing for the existence in the lattice of non magnetic particles\nor vacant sites. The current random field Ising system displays second order\nphase transitions, which, for some values of $p, q$ and $h_{0}$, are followed\nby first order phase transitions, thus confirming the existence of a\ntricritical point and in some cases two tricritical points. Also, reentrance\ncan be seen for appropriate ranges of the aforementioned variables. Using the\nvariational principle, we determine the equilibrium equation for magnetization,\nsolve it for both transitions and at the tricritical point in order to\ndetermine the magnetization profile with respect to $h_{0}$.",
        "positive": "Sampling from a polytope and hard-disk Monte Carlo: The hard-disk problem, the statics and the dynamics of equal two-dimensional\nhard spheres in a periodic box, has had a profound influence on statistical and\ncomputational physics. Markov-chain Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics were\nfirst discussed for this model. Here we reformulate hard-disk Monte Carlo\nalgorithms in terms of another classic problem, namely the sampling from a\npolytope. Local Markov-chain Monte Carlo, as proposed by Metropolis et al. in\n1953, appears as a sequence of random walks in high-dimensional polytopes,\nwhile the moves of the more powerful event-chain algorithm correspond to\nmolecular dynamics evolution. We determine the convergence properties of Monte\nCarlo methods in a special invariant polytope associated with hard-disk\nconfigurations, and the implications for convergence of hard-disk sampling.\nFinally, we discuss parallelization strategies for event-chain Monte Carlo and\npresent results for a multicore implementation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Restoring isotropy in a three-dimensional lattice model: The Ising\n  universality class: We study a generalized Blume-Capel model on the simple cubic lattice. In\naddition to the nearest neighbor coupling there is a next to next to nearest\nneighbor coupling. In order to quantify spatial anisotropy, we determine the\ncorrelation length in the high temperature phase of the model for three\ndifferent directions. It turns out that the spatial anisotropy depends very\nlittle on the dilution parameter $D$ of the model and is essentially determined\nby the ratio of the nearest neighbor and the next to next to nearest neighbor\ncoupling. This ratio is tuned such that the leading contribution to the spatial\nanisotropy is eliminated. Next we perform a finite size scaling (FSS) study to\ntune $D$ such that also the leading correction to scaling is eliminated. Based\non this FSS study, we determine the critical exponents $\\nu=0.62998(5)$ and\n$\\eta=0.036284(40)$, which are in nice agreement with the more accurate results\nobtained by using the conformal bootstrap method. Furthermore we provide\naccurate results for fixed point values of dimensionless quantities such as the\nBinder cumulant and for the critical couplings. These results provide the\ngroundwork for broader studies of universal properties of the three-dimensional\nIsing universality class.",
        "positive": "Critical frontier for the Potts and percolation models on\n  triangular-type and kagome-type lattices II: Numerical analysis: In a recent paper (arXiv:0911.2514), one of us (FYW) considered the Potts\nmodel and bond and site percolation on two general classes of two-dimensional\nlattices, the triangular-type and kagome-type lattices, and obtained\nclosed-form expressions for the critical frontier with applications to various\nlattice models. For the triangular-type lattices Wu's result is exact, and for\nthe kagome-type lattices Wu's expression is under a homogeneity assumption. The\npurpose of the present paper is two-fold: First, an essential step in Wu's\nanalysis is the derivation of lattice-dependent constants $A, B, C$ for various\nlattice models, a process which can be tedious. We present here a derivation of\nthese constants for subnet networks using a computer algorithm. Secondly, by\nmeans of a finite-size scaling analysis based on numerical transfer matrix\ncalculations, we deduce critical properties and critical thresholds of various\nmodels and assess the accuracy of the homogeneity assumption. Specifically, we\nanalyze the $q$-state Potts model and the bond percolation on the 3-12 and\nkagome-type subnet lattices $(n\\times n):(n\\times n)$, $n\\leq 4$, for which the\nexact solution is not known. To calibrate the accuracy of the finite-size\nprocedure, we apply the same numerical analysis to models for which the exact\ncritical frontiers are known. The comparison of numerical and exact results\nshows that our numerical determination of critical thresholds is accurate to 7\nor 8 significant digits. This in turn infers that the homogeneity assumption\ndetermines critical frontiers with an accuracy of 5 decimal places or higher.\nFinally, we also obtained the exact percolation thresholds for site percolation\non kagome-type subnet lattices $(1\\times 1):(n\\times n)$ for $1\\leq n \\leq 6$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Description of Fischer Clusters Formation in Supercooled Liquids Within\n  Framework of Continual Theory of Defects: Liquid is represented as complicated system of disclinations according to\ndefect description of liquids and glasses. The expressions for the linear\ndisclination field of an arbitrary form and energy of inter-disclination\ninteraction are derived in the framework of gauge theory of defects. It allows\nus to describe liquid as a disordered system of topological moments and reduce\nthis model to the Edwards--Anderson model with large-range interaction. Within\nthe framework of this approach vitrifying is represented as a \"hierarchical\"\nphase transition. The suggested model allows us to explain the process of the\nFischer clusters formation and the slow dynamics in supercooled liquids close\nto the liquid--glass transition point.",
        "positive": "Exact enumeration of Hamiltonian circuits, walks, and chains in two and\n  three dimensions: We present an algorithm for enumerating exactly the number of Hamiltonian\nchains on regular lattices in low dimensions. By definition, these are sets of\nk disjoint paths whose union visits each lattice vertex exactly once. The\nwell-known Hamiltonian circuits and walks appear as the special cases k=0 and\nk=1 respectively. In two dimensions, we enumerate chains on L x L square\nlattices up to L=12, walks up to L=17, and circuits up to L=20. Some results\nfor three dimensions are also given. Using our data we extract several\nquantities of physical interest."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probability distribution functions of sub- and super-diffusive systems: We study the anomalous transport in systems of random walks (RW's) on\ncomb-like lattices with fractal sidebranches, showing subdiffusion, and in a\nsystem of Brownian particles driven by a random shear along the x-direction,\nshowing a superdiffusive behavior. In particular, we discuss whether scaling\nand universality are present or not in the shapes of the particle distribution\nalong the preferential transport direction (x-axis).",
        "positive": "Role of topological defects in the phase transition of modified XY model\n  : A Monte Carlo study: Monte Carlo simulation has been performed on a classical two dimensional XY-\nmodel with a modified form of interaction potential to investigate the role of\ntopological defects on the phase transition exhibited by the model. In\nsimulations in a restricted ensemble without defects, the system appears to\nremain ordered at all temperatures. Suppression of topological defects on the\nsquare plaquettes in the modified XY- model leads to complete elimination of\nthe phase transition observed in this model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correction of coarse-graining errors by a two-level method: application\n  to the Asakura-Oosawa model: We present a method that exploits self-consistent simulation of\ncoarse-grained and fine-grained models, in order to analyse properties of\nphysical systems. The method uses the coarse-grained model to obtain a first\nestimate of the quantity of interest, before computing a correction by\nanalysing properties of the fine system. We illustrate the method by applying\nit to the Asakura-Oosawa (AO) model of colloid-polymer mixtures. We show that\nthe liquid-vapour critical point in that system is affected by three-body\ninteractions which are neglected in the corresponding coarse-grained model. We\nanalyse the size of this effect and the nature of the three-body interactions.\nWe also analyse the accuracy of the method, as a function of the associated\ncomputational effort.",
        "positive": "Fragile vs strong liquids: a saddles ruled scenario: In the context of the energy landscape description of supercooled liquids, we\npropose an explanation for the different behaviour of fragile and strong\nliquids. Above the Goldstein crossover temperature Tx, diffusion is interpreted\nas a motion in the phase space among unstable stationary points of the\npotential energy, that is among saddles. In this way two mechanisms of\ndiffusion arise: mechanism A takes place when the system crosses potential\nenergy barriers along stable uphill directions, while mechanism B consists in\nfinding unstable downhill directions out of a saddle. Depending on the mutual\nvalue of the efficiency temperatures of A and B, we obtain two very different\nbehaviours of the viscosity, reproducing the usual classification of liquids in\nfragile and strong. Moreover, this scenario very naturally predicts the\npossibility of a fragile-to-strong crossover when lowering the temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One-Dimensional Impenetrable Anyons in Thermal Equilibrium. II.\n  Determinant Representation for the Dynamic Correlation Functions: We have obtained a determinant representation for the time- and\ntemperature-dependent field-field correlation function of the impenetrable\nLieb-Liniger gas of anyons through direct summation of the form factors. In the\nstatic case, the obtained results are shown to be equivalent to those that\nfollow from the anyonic generalization of Lenard's formula.",
        "positive": "Determining the critical coupling of explosive synchronization\n  transitions in scale-free networks by mean-field approximations: Explosive synchronization can be observed in scale-free networks when\nKuramoto oscillators have natural frequencies equal to their number of\nconnections. In the current work, we took into account mean-field\napproximations to determine the critical coupling of such explosive\nsynchronization. The obtained equation for the critical coupling has an inverse\ndependence with the network average degree. This expression differs from that\ncalculated when the frequency distributions are unimodal and even. In this\ncase, the critical coupling depends on the ratio between the first and second\nstatistical moments of the degree distribution. We also conducted numerical\nsimulations to verify our analytical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Description of Quantum Systems by Random Matrix Ensembles of High\n  Dimensions: The new Theorem on location of maximum of probability density functions of\ndimensionless second difference of the three adjacent energy levels for\n$N$-dimensional Gaussian orthogonal ensemble GOE($N$), $N$-dimensional Gaussian\nunitary ensemble GUE($N$), $N$-dimensional Gaussian symplectic ensemble\nGSE($N$), and Poisson ensemble PE, is formulated: {\\it The probability density\nfunctions of the dimensionless second difference of the three adjacent energy\nlevels take on maximum at the origin for the following ensembles: GOE($N$),\nGUE($N$), GSE($N$), and PE, where $N \\geq 3$.} The notions of {\\it level\nhomogenization with level clustering} and {\\it level homogenization with level\nrepulsion} are introduced.",
        "positive": "Non-Local Finite-Size Effects in the Dimer Model: We study the finite-size corrections of the dimer model on $\\infty \\times N$\nsquare lattice with two different boundary conditions: free and periodic. We\nfind that the finite-size corrections depend in a crucial way on the parity of\n$N$, and show that, because of certain non-local features present in the model,\na change of parity of $N$ induces a change of boundary condition. Taking a\ncareful account of this, these unusual finite-size behaviours can be fully\nexplained in the framework of the $c=-2$ logarithmic conformal field theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hyperuniformity in point patterns and two-phase random heterogeneous\n  media: Hyperuniform point patterns are characterized by vanishing infinite\nwavelength density fluctuations and encompass all crystal structures, certain\nquasi-periodic systems, and special disordered point patterns. This article\ngeneralizes the notion of hyperuniformity to include also two-phase random\nheterogeneous media. Hyperuniform random media do not possess\ninfinite-wavelength volume fraction fluctuations, implying that the variance in\nthe local volume fraction in an observation window decays faster than the\nreciprocal window volume as the window size increases. For microstructures of\nimpenetrable and penetrable spheres, we derive an upper bound on the asymptotic\ncoefficient governing local volume fraction fluctuations in terms of the\ncorresponding quantity describing the variance in the local number density\n(i.e., number variance). Extensive calculations of the asymptotic number\nvariance coefficients are performed for a number of disordered (e.g.,\nquasiperiodic tilings, classical stealth disordered ground states, and certain\ndeterminantal point processes), quasicrystal, and ordered (e.g., Bravais and\nnon-Bravais periodic systems) hyperuniform structures in various Euclidean\nspace dimensions, and our results are consistent with a quantitative order\nmetric characterizing the degree of hyperuniformity. We also present\ncorresponding estimates for the asymptotic local volume fraction coefficients\nfor several lattice families. Our results have interesting implications for a\ncertain problem in number theory.",
        "positive": "Deterministic ratchets: route to diffusive transport: The rectification efficiency of an underdamped ratchet operated in the\nadiabatic regime increases according to a scaling current-amplitude curve as\nthe damping constant approaches a critical threshold; below threshold the\nrectified signal becomes extremely irregular and eventually its time average\ndrops to zero. Periodic (locked) and diffusive (fully chaotic) trajectories\ncoexist on fine tuning the amplitude of the input signal. The transition from\nregular to chaotic transport in noiseless ratchets is studied numerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean-performance of Sharp Restart II: Inequality Roadmap: Restarting a deterministic process always impedes its completion. However, it\nis known that restarting a random process can also lead to an opposite outcome\n-- expediting completion. Hence, the effect of restart is contingent on the\nunderlying statistical heterogeneity of the process' completion times. To\nquantify this heterogeneity we bring a novel approach to restart: the\nmethodology of inequality indices, which is widely applied in economics and in\nthe social sciences to measure income and wealth disparity. Using this approach\nwe establish an `inequality roadmap' for the mean-performance of sharp restart:\na whole new set of universal inequality criteria that determine when restart\nwith sharp timers (i.e. with fixed deterministic timers) decreases/increases\nmean completion. The criteria are based on a host of inequality indices\nincluding Bonferroni, Gini, Pietra, and other Lorenz-curve indices; each index\ncaptures a different angle of the restart-inequality interplay. Utilizing the\nfact that sharp restart can match the mean-performance of any general restart\nprotocol, we prove -- with unprecedented precision and resolution -- the\nvalidity of the following statement: restart impedes/expedites mean completion\nwhen the underlying statistical heterogeneity is low/high.",
        "positive": "Correlation functions in conformal invariant stochastic processes: We consider the problem of correlation functions in the stationary states of\none-dimensional stochastic models having conformal invariance. If one considers\nthe space dependence of the correlators, the novel aspect is that although one\nconsiders systems with periodic boundary conditions, the observables are\ndescribed by boundary operators. From our experience with equilibrium problems\none would have expected bulk operators. Boundary operators have correlators\nhaving critical exponents being half of those of bulk operators. If one studies\nthe space-time dependence of the two-point function, one has to consider one\nboundary and one bulk operators. The Raise and Peel model has conformal\ninvariance as can be shown in the spin 1/2 basis of the Hamiltonian which gives\nthe time evolution of the system. This is an XXZ quantum chain with twisted\nboundary condition and local interactions. This Hamiltonian is integrable and\nthe spectrum is known in the finite-size scaling limit. In the stochastic base\nin which the process is defined, the Hamiltonian is not local anymore. The\nmapping into an SOS model, helps to define new local operators. As a byproduct\nsome new properties of the SOS model are conjectured. The predictions of\nconformal invariance are discussed in the new framework and compared with Monte\nCarlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral Function and Kinetic Equation for Normal Fermi Liquid: On the basis of the Kadanoff-Baym (KB) varient of the time dependent Green's\nfunction method a new ansatz for the approximation of a spectral function is\noffered. The ansatz possesses all the advantages of quasiparticle (QP) and\nextended quasiparticle (EQP) approximations and satisfies the KB equation for a\nspectral function in the case of slightly nonequilibrium system when\ndisturbances in space and time are taken into consideration in the gradient\napproximation. This feature opens new opportunities for the microscopic\nderivation of the Landau kinetic equation for the quasiparticle distribution\nfunction of the normal fermi liquid and provides the widening of these\nequation's temperature rang of validity.",
        "positive": "Stokes' drift: a rocking ratchet: We derive the explicit analytic expression for the Stokes' drift in one\ndimension in the presence of a dichotomic Markov forcing. For small amplitudes\nof the forcing, the drift is enhanced, but the enhancement is reduced with\nincreasing frequency of the forcing. On the other hand, a reduction of the\ndrift or even a flux reversal can be induced at larger amplitudes, while the\nflux is now found to be an increasing function of the perturbation frequency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solution of the random field $XY$ magnet on a fully connected graph: We use large deviation theory to obtain the free energy of the XY model on a\nfully connected graph on each site of which there is a randomly oriented field\nof magnitude $h$. The phase diagram is obtained for two symmetric distributions\nof the random orientations: (a) a uniform distribution and (b) a distribution\nwith cubic symmetry. In both cases, the disorder-averaged ordered state\nreflects the symmetry of the underlying distribution. The phase boundary has a\nmulticritical point which separates a locus of continuous transitions (for\nsmall values of $h$) from a locus of first order transitions (for large $h$).\nThe free energy is a function of a single variable in case (a) and a function\nof two variables in case (b), leading to different characters of the\nmulticritical points in the two cases. We find that the locus of continuous\ntransitions is given by the same equation for a family of quadriperiodic\ndistributions, which includes the distributions (a) and (b). However, the\nlocation of the multicritical point and the nature of ordered state depend on\nthe form of the distribution. The disorder-averaged ground state energy is\nfound exactly, and the specific heat is shown to approach a constant as\ntemperature approaches zero.",
        "positive": "Thermalization and its mechanism for generic isolated quantum systems: Time dynamics of isolated many-body quantum systems has long been an elusive\nsubject. Very recently, however, meaningful experimental studies of the problem\nhave finally become possible, stimulating theoretical interest as well.\nProgress in this field is perhaps most urgently needed in the foundations of\nquantum statistical mechanics. This is so because in generic isolated systems,\none expects nonequilibrium dynamics on its own to result in thermalization: a\nrelaxation to states where the values of macroscopic quantities are stationary,\nuniversal with respect to widely differing initial conditions, and predictable\nthrough the time-tested recipe of statistical mechanics. However, it is not\nobvious what feature of many-body quantum mechanics makes quantum\nthermalization possible, in a sense analogous to that in which dynamical chaos\nmakes classical thermalization possible. For example, dynamical chaos itself\ncannot occur in an isolated quantum system, where time evolution is linear and\nthe spectrum is discrete. Underscoring that new rules could apply in this case,\nsome recent studies even suggested that statistical mechanics may give wrong\npredictions for the outcomes of relaxation in such systems. Here we demonstrate\nthat an isolated generic quantum many-body system does in fact relax to a state\nwell-described by the standard statistical mechanical prescription. Moreover,\nwe show that time evolution itself plays a merely auxiliary role in relaxation\nand that thermalization happens instead at the level of individual eigenstates,\nas first proposed by J.M. Deutsch and M. Srednicki. A striking consequence of\nthis eigenstate thermalization scenario is that the knowledge of a single\nmany-body eigenstate suffices to compute thermal averages-any eigenstate in the\nmicrocanonical energy window will do, as they all give the same result."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of thresholding on avalanches and their clustering for interfaces\n  with long-range elasticity: Avalanches are often defined as signals higher than some detection level in\nbursty systems. The choice of the detection threshold affects the number of\navalanches, but it can also affect their temporal correlations. We simulated\nthe depinning of a long-range elastic interface and applied different\nthresholds including a zero one on the data to see how the sizes and durations\nof events change and how this affects temporal avalanche clustering. Higher\nthresholds result in steeper size and duration distributions and cause the\navalanches to cluster temporally. Using methods from seismology, the frequency\nof the events in the clusters was found to decrease as a power-law of time, and\nthe size of an event in a cluster was found to help predict how many events it\nis followed by. The results bring closer theoretical studies of this class of\nmodels to real experiments, but also highlight how different phenomena can be\nobtained from the same set of data.",
        "positive": "Mean-field behavior of the sandpile model below the upper critical\n  dimension: We present results of large scale numerical simulations of the Bak, Tang and\nWiesenfeld sandpile model. We analyze the critical behavior of the model in\nEuclidean dimensions $2\\leq d\\leq 6$. We consider a dissipative generalization\nof the model and study the avalanche size and duration distributions for\ndifferent values of the lattice size and dissipation. We find that the scaling\nexponents in $d=4$ significantly differ from mean-field predictions, thus\nsuggesting an upper critical dimension $d_c\\geq 5$. Using the relations among\nthe dissipation rate $\\epsilon$ and the finite lattice size $L$, we find that a\nsubset of the exponents displays mean-field values below the upper critical\ndimensions. This behavior is explained in terms of conservation laws."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Mechanics of Phase-Space Curves: We study the classical statistical mechanics of a phase-space curve. This\nunveils a mechanism that, via the associated entropic force, provides us with a\nsimple realization of effects such as confinement, hard core, and asymptotic\nfreedom. Additionally, we obtain negative specific heats, a distinctive feature\nof self-gravitating systems and negative pressures, typical of dark energy.",
        "positive": "Functionals in stochastic thermodynamics: how to interpret stochastic\n  integrals: In stochastic thermodynamics standard concepts from macroscopic\nthermodynamics, such as heat, work, and entropy production, are generalized to\nsmall fluctuating systems by defining them on a trajectory-wise level. In\nLangevin systems with continuous state-space such definitions involve\nstochastic integrals along system trajectories, whose specific values depend on\nthe discretization rule used to evaluate them (i.e. the \"interpretation\" of the\nnoise terms in the integral). Via a systematic mathematical investigation of\nthis apparent dilemma, we corroborate the widely used standard interpretation\nof heat- and work-like functionals as Stratonovich integrals. We furthermore\nrecapitulate the anomalies that are known to occur for entropy production in\nthe presence of temperature gradients."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Side-chain and backbone ordering in Homopolymers: In order to study the relation between backbone and side chain ordering in\nproteins, we have performed multicanonical simulations of deka-peptide chains\nwith various side groups. Glu10, Gln10, Asp10, Asn10, and Lys10 were selected\nto cover a wide variety of possible interactions between the side chains of the\nmonomers. All homopolymers undergo helix-coil transitions. We found that\npeptides with long side chains that are capable of hydrogen bonding, i.e.\nGlu10, and Gln10, exhibit a second transition at lower temperatures connected\nwith side chain ordering. This occurs in gas phase as well as in solvent,\nalthough the character of the side chain structure is different in each case.\nHowever, in polymers with short side chains capable of hydrogen bonding, i.e.\nAsp10 and Asn10, side chain ordering takes place over a wide temperature range\nand exhibits no phase transition like character. Moreover, non-backbone\nhydrogen bonds show enhanced formation and fluctuations already at the\nhelix-coil transition temperature, indicating competition between side chain\nand backbone hydrogen bond formation. Again, these results are qualitatively\nindependent of the environment. Side chain ordering in Lys10, whose side groups\nare long and polar, also takes place over a wide temperature range and exhibits\nno phase transition like character in both environments. Reasons for the\nobserved chain length threshold and consequences from these results for protein\nfolding are discussed.",
        "positive": "Pumping current in a non-Markovian $N$-state model: A periodically modulated N-state model whose dynamics is governed by a\ntime-convoluted generalized master equation is theoretically analyzed. It is\nshown that this non-Markovian master equation can be converted to a Markovian\nmaster equation having a larger transition matrix, which affords easier\nanalysis. The behavior of this model is investigated by focusing on the\ncycle-averaged pumping current. In the adiabatic limit, the geometrical current\nis calculated analytically, and compared to numerical results which are\navailable for a wide range of modulation frequencies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finding All the Stationary Points of a Potential Energy Landscape via\n  Numerical Polynomial Homotopy Continuation Method: The stationary points (SPs) of a potential energy landscape play a crucial\nrole in understanding many of the physical or chemical properties of a given\nsystem. Unless they are found analytically, there is, however, no efficient\nmethod to obtain 'all' the SPs of a given potential. We introduce a novel\nmethod, called the numerical polynomial homotopy continuation (NPHC) method,\nwhich numerically finds all the SPs, and is 'embarrassingly parallelizable'.\nThe method requires the non-linearity of the potential to be polynomial-like,\nwhich is the case for almost all of the potentials arising in physical and\nchemical systems. We also certify the numerically obtained SPs so that they are\nindependent of the numerical tolerance used during the computation. It is then\nstraightforward to separate out the local and global minima. As a first\napplication, we take the XY model with power-law interaction which is shown to\nhave a polynomial-like non-linearity and apply the method.",
        "positive": "Propagating rotational jump events drive liquid-liquid transition in\n  supercooled liquid water: We observe, at low temperature, the appearance of propagating events that\noriginate from the inter-conversion between adjacent four and five coordinated\nwater molecules in supercooled liquid water, resulting in the migration of the\ncoordination number five in a string-like fashion, creating rotational jumps\nalong the way. The length of the connected events increases with lowering\ntemperature. Each propagation event is terminated by a 3-coordinated species,\npresent in a small number at large supercooling, which interacts cooperatively\nwith 5-coordinated molecules to annihilate both the species. We find that these\ngrowing dynamical correlations manifest in a divergent-like growth of a\nnon-linear density response function, \\times4(t), which is given by a four\npoint time correlation function (FPTCF). The locus of the maximum of\n\\times4(t), when plotted against the time t* of maximum, exhibits a sharp peak\nprecisely at the temperature where the static response functions (specific\nheat, isothermal compressibility) also show similar sharp, divergent-like,\npeak. While the decay of population fluctuation time correlation function of\nboth 4- and 5- coordinated species slows down dramatically and a step-like\nfeature of the relaxation becomes evident, the lifetime itself of 5-corrdinated\nspecies remains short. These results suggest a new molecular mechanism of low\ntemperature anomalies and of the liquid-liquid transition in terms of\ninitiation, growth and termination of propagating jump and inter-conversion\nevents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density phase separation and order-disorder transition in a collection\n  of polar self-propelled particles: We study the order-disorder transition in a collection of polar\nself-propelled particles, interacting through a distance dependent short range\nalignment interaction. A distance dependent interaction parameter $a_0$ is\nintroduced such that on decreasing $a_0$ interaction decay faster with distance\n$d$ and for $a_0=1.0$ model reduces to Vicsek's type. For all $a_0>0.0$, system\nshows a transition from disorder to long ranged ordered state. We find another\nphase transition from phase separated to nonphase separated state with\ndecreasing $a_0$: at the same time order-disorder transition changes from\ndiscontinuous to continuous type. Hence density phase separation plays an\nimportant role in predicting the nature of order-disorder transition. We also\ncalculate the two-point density structure factor using coarse-grained\nhydrodynamic equations of motion with an introduction of a density dependent\nalignment term in the equation introduced by Toner and Tu \\cite{tonertu}.\nDensity structure factor shows a divergence at a critical wave-vector $q_c$,\nwhich decreases with decreasing density dependent alignment term. Alignment\nterm in the coarse-grained equation plays the same role as the distance\ndependent parameter $a_0$ in the microscopic simulation. Our results can be\ntested in many biological systems: where particle have tendency to interact\nstrongly with their closest neighbours.",
        "positive": "Kinetic Field Theory: Exact free evolution of Gaussian phase-space\n  correlations: In recent work we developed a description of cosmic large scale structure\nformation in terms of non-equilibrium ensembles of classical particles, with\ntime evolution obtained in the framework of a statistical field theory. In\nthese works, the initial Gaussian correlations between particles have so far\nbeen treated perturbatively or restricted to pure momentum correlations. Here\nwe treat the correlations between all phase-space coordinates exactly by\nadopting a diagrammatic language for the different forms of correlations,\ndirectly inspired by the Mayer cluster expansion. We will demonstrate that\nexplicit expressions for phase-space density cumulants of arbitrary $n$-point\norder, which fully capture the non-linear coupling of free streaming kinematics\ndue to initial correlations, can be obtained from a simple set of Feynman\nrules. These cumulants will be the foundation for further investigations of\ninteracting perturbation theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The entanglement entropy of 1D systems in continuous and homogenous\n  space: We introduce a systematic framework to calculate the bipartite entanglement\nentropy of a compact spatial subsystem in a one-dimensional quantum gas which\ncan be mapped into a noninteracting fermion system. We show that when working\nwith a finite number of particles N, the Renyi entanglement entropies grow as\nlog N, with a prefactor that is given by the central charge. We apply this\nnovel technique to the ground state and to excited states of periodic systems.\nWe also consider systems with boundaries. We derive universal formulas for the\nleading behavior and for subleading corrections to the scaling. The\nuniversality of the results allows us to make predictions for the finite-size\nscaling forms of the corrections to the scaling.",
        "positive": "An alternative view on random tilings: We apply a framework for the description of random tilings without height\nrepresentation, which was proposed recently, to the special case of\nquasicrystalline random tilings. Several important examples are discussed,\nthereby demonstrating the consistency of this alternative description with the\nconventional one. We also clarify the latter by deriving a group theoretic\ncriterion for the validity of the first random tiling hypothesis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random sequential adsorption model of damage and crack accumulation:\n  Exact one-dimensional results: The random sequential adsorption (RSA) model is modified to describe damage\nand crack accumulation. The exclusion for object deposition (for damaged region\nformation) is not for the whole object, as in the standard RSA, but only for\nthe initial point (or higher-dimensional defect) from which the damaged region\nor crack initiates. The one-dimensional variant of the model is solved exactly.",
        "positive": "Generalized kinetic and evolution equations in the approach of the\n  nonequilibrium statistical operator: The method of the nonequilibrium statistical operator developed by D. N.\nZubarev is employed to analyse and derive generalized transport and kinetic\nequations. The degrees of freedom in solids can often be represented as a few\ninteracting subsystems (electrons, spins, phonons, nuclear spins, etc.).\nPerturbation of one subsystem may produce a nonequilibrium state which is then\nrelaxed to an equilibrium state due to the interaction between particles or\nwith a thermal bath. The generalized kinetic equations were derived for a\nsystem weakly coupled to a thermal bath to elucidate the nature of transport\nand relaxation processes. It was shown that the \"collision term\" had the same\nfunctional form as for the generalized kinetic equations for the system with\nsmall interactions among particles. The applicability of the general formalism\nto physically relevant situations is investigated. It is shown that some known\ngeneralized kinetic equations (e.g. kinetic equation for magnons, Peierls\nequation for phonons) naturally emerges within the NSO formalism. The\nrelaxation of a small dynamic subsystem in contact with a thermal bath is\nconsidered on the basis of the derived equations. The Schrodinger-type equation\nfor the average amplitude describing the energy shift and damping of a particle\nin a thermal bath and the coupled kinetic equation describing the dynamic and\nstatistical aspects of the motion are derived and analysed. The equations\nderived can help in the understanding of the origin of irreversible behavior in\nquantum phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport of a heated granular gas in a washboard potential: We study numerically the motion of a one dimensional array of Brownian\nparticles in a washboard potential, driven by an external stochastic force and\ninteracting via short range repulsive forces. In particular, we investigate the\nrole of instantaneous elastic and inelastic collisions on the system dynamics\nand transport. The system displays a locked regime, where particles may move\nonly via activated processes and a running regime where particles drift along\nthe direction of the applied field. By tuning the value of the friction\nparameter controlling the Brownian motion we explore both the overdamped\ndynamics and the underdamped dynamics. In the two regimes we considered the\nmobility and the diffusivity of the system as functions of the tilt and other\nrelevant control parameters such as, coefficient of restitution, particle size\nand total number of particles. We find that, while in the overdamped regime,\nthe results for the interacting systems present similarities with the known\nnon-interacting case, in the underdamped regime, the inelastic collisions\ndetermine a rich variety of behaviors among which is an unexpected enhancement\nof the inelastic diffusion.",
        "positive": "Impurity crystal in a Bose-Einstein condensate: We investigate the behavior of impurity fields immersed in a larger\ncondensate field in 1, 2, and 3 dimensions. We discuss the localization of a\nsingle impurity field within a condensate and note the effects of surface\nenergy. We derive the functional form of the attractive interaction between two\nimpurities due to mediation from the condensate. Generalizing the analysis to\n$N$ impurity fields, we show that within various parameter regimes a crystal of\nimpurity fields can form spontaneously in the condensate. Finally, the system\nof condensate and crystallized impurity structure is shown to have nonclassical\nrotational inertia, which is characteristic of superfluidity, i.e. the system\ncan be seen to exhibit supersolid behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Global stability and $H$-theorem in lattice models with non-conservative\n  interactions: In kinetic theory, a system is usually described by its one-particle\ndistribution function $f(\\mathbf{r},\\mathbf{v},t)$, such that\n$f(\\mathbf{r},\\mathbf{v},t)d\\mathbf{r} d\\mathbf{v}$ is the fraction of\nparticles with positions and velocities in the intervals $(\\mathbf{r},\n\\mathbf{r}+d\\mathbf{r})$ and $(\\mathbf{v}, \\mathbf{v}+d\\mathbf{v})$,\nrespectively. Therein, global stability and the possible existence of an\nassociated Lyapunov function or $H$-theorem are open problems when\nnon-conservative interactions are present, as in granular fluids. Here, we\naddress this issue in the framework of a lattice model for granular-like\nvelocity fields. For a quite general driving mechanism, including both boundary\nand bulk driving, we show that the steady state reached by the system in the\nlong time limit is globally stable. This is done by proving analytically that a\ncertain $H$-functional is non-increasing in the long time limit. Moreover, for\ntwo specific energy injection mechanisms, we are able to demonstrate that the\nproposed $H$-functional is non-increasing for all times. Also, we put forward a\nproof that clearly illustrates why the \"classical\" Boltzmann functional\n$H_{B}[f]=\\int\\! d\\mathbf{r} \\, d\\mathbf{v} f(\\mathbf{r},\\mathbf{v},t) \\ln\nf(\\mathbf{r},\\mathbf{v},t)$ is inadequate for systems with non-conservative\ninteractions. Not only is this done for the simplified kinetic description that\nholds in the lattice models analysed here but also for a general kinetic\nequation, like Boltzmann's or Enskog's.",
        "positive": "Integral Fluctuation Theorem for Microcanonical and Pure States: We present a derivation of the integral fluctuation theorem (IFT) for\nisolated quantum systems based on some natural assumptions on transition\nprobabilities. Under these assumptions of \"stiffness\" and \"smoothness\" the IFT\nimmediately follows for microcanonical and pure quantum states. We numerically\ncheck the IFT as well as the validity of our assumptions by analyzing two\nexemplary systems. We have been informed by T. Sagawa et al. that he and his\nco-workers found comparable numerical results and are preparing a corresponding\npaper, which should be available on the same day as the present text. We\nrecommend reading their submission."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aspects of the Second Law of Thermodynamics from Quantum Statistical\n  Mechanics to Quantum Information Theory: The Kullback-Leibler inequality is a way of comparing any two density\nmatrices. A technique to set up the density matrix for a physical system is to\nuse the maximum entropy principle, given the entropy as a functional of the\ndensity matrix, subject to known constraints. In conjunction with the master\nequation for the density matrix, these two ingredients allow us to formulate\nthe second law of thermodynamics in its widest possible setting. Thus problems\narising in both quantum statistical mechanics and quantum information can be\nhandled. Aspects of thermodynamic concepts such as the Carnot cycle will be\ndiscussed. A model is examined to elucidate the role of entanglement in the\nLandauer erasure problem.",
        "positive": "The diffusion coefficient of propagating fronts with multiplicative\n  noise: Recent studies have shown that in the presence of noise both fronts\npropagating into a metastable state and so-called pushed fronts propagating\ninto an unstable state, exhibit diffusive wandering about the average position.\nIn this paper we derive an expression for the effective diffusion coefficient\nof such fronts, which was motivated before on the basis of a multiple scale\nansatz. Our systematic derivation is based on the decomposition of the\nfluctuating front into a suitably positioned average profile plus fluctuating\neigenmodes of the stability operator. While the fluctuations of the front\nposition in this particular decomposition are a Wiener process on all time\nscales, the fluctuations about the time averaged front profile relax\nexponentially."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tuning structure and mobility of solvation shells surrounding tracer\n  additives: Molecular dynamics simulations and a stochastic Fokker-Planck equation based\napproach are used to illuminate how position-dependent solvent mobility near\none or more tracer particle(s) is affected when tracer-solvent interactions are\nrationally modified to affect corresponding solvation structure. For tracers in\na dense hard-sphere fluid, we compare two types of tracer-solvent interactions:\n(1) a hard-sphere-like interaction; and (2) a soft repulsion extending beyond\nthe hard core designed via statistical mechanical theory to enhance tracer\nmobility at infinite dilution by suppressing coordination-shell structure\n(Carmer et al., Soft Matter 8 (2011)). For the latter case, we show that the\nmobility of surrounding solvent particles is also increased by addition of the\nsoft repulsive interaction, which helps to rationalize the mechanism underlying\nthe tracer's enhanced diffusivity. However, if multiple tracer surfaces are in\ncloser proximity (as at higher tracer concentrations), similar interactions\nthat disrupt local solvation structure instead suppress the position-dependent\nsolvent dynamics.",
        "positive": "Self-dual property of the Potts model in one dimension: A new duality relation is derived for the Potts model in one dimension. It is\nshown that the partition function is self-dual with the nearest-neighbor\ninteraction and the external field appearing as dual parameters. Zeroes of the\npartition function are analyzed. Particularly, we show that the new duality\nrelation implies a circle theorem in the complex temperature plane for the\none-dimensional Ising model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical Topological Order in Abelian and Non-Abelian Generalized\n  Height Models: We present Monte Carlo simulations on a new class of lattice models in which\nthe degrees of freedom are elements of an abelian or non-abelian finite\nsymmetry group G, placed on directed edges of a two-dimensional lattice. The\nplaquette group product is constrained to be the group identity. In contrast to\ndiscrete gauge models (but similar to past work on height models) only elements\nof symmetry-related subsets S of G are allowed on edges. These models have\ntopological sectors labeled by group products along topologically non-trivial\nloops. Measurement of relative sector probabilities and the distribution of\ndistance between defect pairs are done to characterize the types of order\n(topological or quasi-LRO) exhibited by these models. We present particular\nmodels in which fully local non-abelian constraints lead to global topological\nliquid properties.",
        "positive": "The properties of attractors of canalyzing random Boolean networks: We study critical random Boolean networks with two inputs per node that\ncontain only canalyzing functions. We present a phenomenological theory that\nexplains how a frozen core of nodes that are frozen on all attractors arises.\nThis theory leads to an intuitive understanding of the system's dynamics as it\ndemonstrates the analogy between standard random Boolean networks and networks\nwith canalyzing functions only. It reproduces correctly the scaling of the\nnumber of nonfrozen nodes with system size. We then investigate numerically\nattractor lengths and numbers, and explain the findings in terms of the\nproperties of relevant components. In particular we show that canalyzing\nnetworks can contain very long attractors, albeit they occur less often than in\nstandard networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dimers on the Triangular Kagome Lattice: We derive exact results for close-packed dimers on the triangular kagome\nlattice (TKL), formed by inserting triangles into the triangles of the kagome\nlattice. Because the TKL is a non-bipartite lattice, dimer-dimer correlations\nare short-ranged, so that the ground state at the Rokhsar-Kivelson (RK) point\nof the corresponding quantum dimer model on the same lattice is a short-ranged\nspin liquid. Using the Pfaffian method, we derive an exact form for the free\nenergy, and we find that the entropy is 1/3 ln2 per site, regardless of the\nweights of the bonds. The occupation probability of every bond is 1/4 in the\ncase of equal weights on every bond. Similar to the case of lattices formed by\ncorner-sharing triangles (such as the kagome and squagome lattices), we find\nthat the dimer-dimer correlation function is identically zero beyond a certain\n(short) distance. We find in addition that monomers are deconfined on the TKL,\nindicating that there is a short-ranged spin liquid phase at the RK point. We\nalso find exact results for the ground state energy of the classical Heisenberg\nmodel. The ground state can be ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, locally coplanar,\nor locally canted, depending on the couplings. From the dimer model and the\nclassical spin model, we derive upper bounds on the ground state energy of the\nquantum Heisenberg model on the TKL.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Inferring broken detailed balance in the absence of\n  observable currents\": In this reply, we resolve the apparent discrepancy raised in the \"Comment on\nInferring broken detailed balance in the absence of observable currents\"\n[arXiv:2112.08978v1]. We stress that the non-instantaneous transition paths\noriginate from the choice of a decimation process non-local in time, in\ncontrast to the decimation process described in our original work, which\ncommutes with time-reversal. Therefore, the example using such a non-local\ndecimation procedure, which indeed gives rise to spurious time-irreversibility,\ndoes not invalidate our main result, which was rigorously derived and proven\nmathematically. We hope this reply highlights the subtlety of the different\nchoices for decimating time series data which is pivotal for a correct\nunderstanding of the thermodynamics of small systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic Scaling in Diluted Systems Phase Transitions: Deactivation\n  trough Thermal Dilution: Activated scaling is confirmed to hold in transverse field induced phase\ntransitions of randomly diluted Ising systems. Quantum Monte Carlo calculations\nhave been made not just at the percolation threshold but well bellow and above\nit including the Griffiths-McCoy phase. A novel deactivation phenomena in the\nGriffiths-McCoy phase is observed using a thermal (in contrast to random)\ndilution of the system.",
        "positive": "Criticality and Griffiths phases in random games with quenched disorder: The perceived risk and reward for a given situation can vary depending on\nresource availability, accumulated wealth, and other extrinsic factors such as\nindividual backgrounds. Based on this general aspect of everyday life, here we\nuse evolutionary game theory to model a scenario with randomly perturbed\npayoffs in a prisoner's dilemma game. The perception diversity is modeled by\nadding a zero-average random noise in the payoff entries and a Monte-Carlo\nsimulation is used to obtain the population dynamics. This payoff heterogeneity\ncan promote and maintain cooperation in a competitive scenario where only\ndefectors would survive otherwise. In this work, we give a step further\nunderstanding the role of heterogeneity by investigating the effects of\nquenched disorder in the critical properties of random games. We observe that\npayoff fluctuations induce a very slow dynamic, making the cooperation decay\nbehave as power laws with varying exponents, instead of the usual exponential\ndecay after the critical point, showing the emergence of a Griffiths phase. We\nalso find a symmetric Griffiths phase near the defector's extinction point when\nfluctuations are present, indicating that Griffiths phases may be frequent in\nevolutionary game dynamics and play a role in the coexistence of different\nstrategies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The non-perturbative renormalization group in the ordered phase: We study some analytical properties of the solutions of the non perturbative\nrenormalization group flow equations for a scalar field theory with $Z_2$\nsymmetry in the ordered phase, i.e. at temperatures below the critical\ntemperature. The study is made in the framework of the local potential\napproximation. We show that the required physical discontinuity of the magnetic\nsusceptibility $\\chi(M)$ at $M=\\pm M_0$ ($M_0$ spontaneous magnetization) is\nreproduced only if the cut-off function which separates high and low energy\nmodes satisfies to some restrictive explicit mathematical conditions; we stress\nthat these conditions are not satisfied by a sharp cut-off in dimensions of\nspace $d<4$.",
        "positive": "Spontaneous breaking of U(1) symmetry at zero temperature in one\n  dimension: The Hohenberg--Mermin--Wagner theorem states that there is no spontaneous\nbreaking of continuous symmetries in spatial dimensions $d\\leq2$ at finite\ntemperature. At zero temperature, the classical/quantum mapping further implies\nthe absence of continuous symmetry breaking in one dimension, which is also\nknown as Coleman's theorem in the context of relativistic quantum field\ntheories. Except for the classic example of the Heisenberg ferromagnet and its\nvariations, there has been no known counterexample to the theorem. In this\nLetter, we discuss new examples that display spontaneous breaking of a U(1)\nsymmetry at zero temperature, although the order parameter does not commute\nwith the Hamiltonian unlike the Heisenberg ferromagnet. We argue that a more\ngeneral condition for this behavior is that the Hamiltonian is\nfrustration-free."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First numerical evidence of Janssen-Oerding's prediction in a\n  three-dimensional spin model far from equilibrium: Jansen and Oerding [H. K. Janssen, K. Oerding, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 27, 715\n(1994)] predicted an interesting anomalous tricritical dynamic behavior in\nthree-dimensional models via renormalization group theory. However, we verify a\nlack of literature about the computational verification of this universal\nbehavior. Here, we used some tricks to capture the log corrections and the\nparameters predicted by these authors using the three-dimensional Blume-Capel\nmodel. In addition, we also performed a more detailed study of the dynamic\nlocalization of the phase diagram via power laws optimization. We quantify the\ncrossover phenomena by computing the critical exponents near the tricritical\npoint.",
        "positive": "Percolation-induced PT symmetry breaking: We propose a new avenue in which percolation, which has been much associated\nwith critical phase transitions, can also dictate the asymptotic dynamics of\nnon-Hermitian systems by breaking PT symmetry. Central to it is our\nnewly-designed mechanism of topologically guided gain, where chiral edge\nwavepackets in a topological system experience non-Hermitian gain or loss based\non how they are topologically steered. For sufficiently wide topological\nislands, this leads to irreversible growth due to positive feedback from\ninterlayer tunneling. As such, a percolation transition that merges small\ntopological islands into larger ones also drives the edge spectrum across a\nreal to complex transition. Our discovery showcases intriguing dynamical\nconsequences from the triple interplay of chiral topology, directed gain and\ninterlayer tunneling, and suggests new routes for the topology to be harnessed\nin the control of feedback systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of Z_2 Chern-Simons model on a triangular lattice: We construct the Hamiltonian description of the Chern-Simons theory with Z_n\ngauge group on a triangular lattice. We show that the Z_2 model can be mapped\nonto free Majorana fermions and compute the excitation spectrum. In the bulk\nthe spectrum turns out to be gapless but acquires a gap if a magnetic term is\nadded to the Hamiltonian. On a lattice edge one gets additional non-gauge\ninvariant (matter) gapless degrees of freedom whose number grows linearly with\nthe edge length. Therefore, a small hole in the lattice plays the role of a\ncharged particle characterized by a non-trivial projective representation of\nthe gauge group, while a long edge provides a decoherence mechanism for the\nfluxes. We discuss briefly the implications for the implementations of\nprotected qubits.",
        "positive": "A Unified Grand Canonical Description of The Nonextensive\n  Thermostatistics of The Quantum Gases: Fractal and Fractional Approach: In this paper, the particles of quantum gases, that is, bosons and fermions\nare regarded as g-ons which obey fractional exclusion statistics. With this\npoint of departure the thermostatistical relations concerning the Bose and\nFermi systems are unified under the g-on formulation where a fractal approach\nis adopted. The fractal inspired entropy, the partition function, distribution\nfunction, the thermodynamics potential and the total number of g-ons have been\nfound for a grand canonical g-on system. It is shown that from the g-on\nformulation; by a suitable choice of the parameters of the nonextensivity q,\nthe parameter of the fractional exclusion statistics g, nonextensive Tsallis as\nwell as extensive standard thermostatistical relations of the Bose and Fermi\nsystems are recovered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of two qubits in a spin-bath of Quantum anisotropic Heisenberg\n  XY coupling type: The dynamics of two 1/2-spin qubits under the influence of a quantum\nHeisenberg XY type spin-bath is studied. After the Holstein-Primakoff\ntransformation, a novel numerical polynomial scheme is used to give the\ntime-evolution calculation of the center qubits initially prepared in a product\nstate or a Bell state. Then the concurrence of the two qubits, the\n$z$-component moment of either of the subsystem spins and the fidelity of the\nsubsystem are shown, which exhibit sensitive dependence on the anisotropic\nparameter, the temperature, the coupling strength and the initial state. It is\nfound that (i) the larger the anisotropic parameter $\\gamma$, the bigger the\nprobability of maintaining the initial state of the two qubits; (ii) with\nincreasing temperature $T$, the bath plays a more strong destroy effect on the\ndynamics of the subsystem, so does the interaction $g_0$ between the subsystem\nand the bath; (iii) the time evolution of the subsystem is dependent on the\ninitial state. The revival of the concurrence does not always means the restore\nof the state. Further, the dynamical properties of the subsystem should be\njudged by the combination of concurrence and fidelity.",
        "positive": "Multi-critical absorbing phase transition in a class of exactly solvable\n  models: We study diffusion of hardcore particles on a one dimensional periodic\nlattice subjected to a constraint that the separation between any two\nconsecutive particles does not increase beyond a fixed value $(n+1);$ initial\nseparation larger than $(n+1)$ can however decrease. These models undergo an\nabsorbing state phase transition when the conserved particle density of the\nsystem falls bellow a critical threshold $\\rho_c= 1/(n+1).$ We find that\n$\\phi_k$s, the density of $0$-clusters ($0$ representing vacancies) of size\n$0\\le k<n,$ vanish at the transition point along with activity density\n$\\rho_a$. The steady state of these models can be written in matrix product\nform to obtain analytically the static exponents $\\beta_k= n-k,\\nu=1=\\eta$\ncorresponding to each $\\phi_k$. We also show from numerical simulations that\nstarting from a natural condition, $\\phi_k(t)$s decay as $t^{-\\alpha_k}$ with\n$\\alpha_k= (n-k)/2$ even though other dynamic exponents $\\nu_t=2=z$ are\nindependent of $k$; this ensures the validity of scaling laws $\\beta= \\alpha\n\\nu_t,$ $\\nu_t = z \\nu$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An Entropic Approach To Classical Density Functional Theory: The classical Density Functional Theory (DFT) is introduced as an application\nof entropic inference for inhomogeneous fluids at thermal equilibrium. It is\nshown that entropic inference reproduces the variational principle of DFT when\ninformation about expected density of particles is imposed. This process\nintroduces an intermediate family of trial density-parametrized probability\ndistributions, and consequently an intermediate entropy, from which the\npreferred one is found using the method of Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). As an\napplication, the DFT model for slowly varying density is provided, and its\napproximation scheme is discussed.",
        "positive": "E2 distribution and statistical regularity in polygonal planar\n  tessellations: From solar supergranulation to salt flat in Bolivia, from veins on leaves to\ncells on Drosophila wing discs, polygon-based networks exhibit great\ncomplexities, yet similarities persist and statistical distributions can be\nremarkably consistent. Based on analysis of 99 polygonal tessellations of a\nwide variety of physical origins, this work demonstrates the ubiquity of an\nexponential distribution in the squared norm of the deformation tensor,\n$E^{2}$, which directly leads to the ubiquitous presence of Gamma distributions\nin polygon aspect ratio. The $E^{2}$ distribution in turn arises as a\n$\\chi^{2}$-distribution, and an analytical framework is developed to compute\nits statistics. $E^{2}$ is closely related to many energy forms, and its\nBoltzmann-like feature allows the definition of a pseudo-temperature. Together\nwith normality in other key variables such as vertex displacement, this work\nreveals regularities universally present in all systems alike"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic properties of an antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 XYZ model in the\n  presence of different magnetic fields: finite-size effects of inhomogeneity\n  property: Magnetic and thermodynamic properties of the anisotropic XYZ spin-1/2 finite\nchain under both homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic fields are\ntheoretically studied at low temperature. Using exact diagonalization method\n(ED), we study the magnetization, magnetic susceptibility and specific heat of\nthe model characterized in terms of the finite correlation length in the\npresence of three different magnetic fields including longitudinal, transverse\nand transverse staggered magnetic fields. The magnetization, susceptibility and\nthe specific heat of the model are investigated under two conditions\nseparately: I) when the model is putted in the presence of homogeneous magnetic\nfields; II) when finite inhomogeneities are considered for all applied magnetic\nfields in the Hamiltonian. We show that for the finite-size XYZ chains at low\ntemperature, the evident magnetization plateaus gradually convert to their\ncounterpart quasi-plateaus when the transverse magnetic field increases.\nMoreover, the influence of the transverse and staggered transverse magnetic\nfields, and their corresponding inhomogeneities on the magnetization process,\nmagnetic susceptibility, and specific heat are reported in detail. Our exact\nresults illustrate that by altering the inhomogeneity parameters, magnetization\nplateaus gradually convert to their counterpart quasi-plateaus. The specific\nheat manifests Schottky-type maximum, double-peak and triple-peak, as well as,\ntransformation between them by varying considered inhomogeneity parameters in\nthe Hamiltonian.",
        "positive": "Stochastic thermodynamics: Principles and perspectives: Stochastic thermodynamics provides a framework for describing small systems\nlike colloids or biomolecules driven out of equilibrium but still in contact\nwith a heat bath. Both, a first-law like energy balance involving exchanged\nheat and entropy production entering refinements of the second law can\nconsistently be defined along single stochastic trajectories. Various exact\nrelations involving the distribution of such quantities like integral and\ndetailed fluctuation theorems for total entropy production and the Jarzynski\nrelation follow from such an approach based on Langevin dynamics. Analogues of\nthese relations can be proven for any system obeying a stochastic master\nequation like, in particular, (bio)chemically driven enzyms or whole reaction\nnetworks. The perspective of investigating such relations for stochastic field\nequations like the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation is sketched as well."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on ``A simple one-dimensional model of heat conduction which\n  obeys Fourier's law'': A finite Green-Kubo thermal conductivity in a one-dimensional momentum\nconserving system was reported recently by Garrido et al [Phys. Rev. Lett.,\nvol. 86, 5486 (2001)]. We first comment on the apparent contradiction with an\nearlier result of Prosen and Campbell [Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 84, 2857 (2000)].\nWe then point out certain inconsistencies in their results and disagreements\nwith our own results.",
        "positive": "Breakdown of a Magnetization Plateau in Ferrimagnetic Mixed Spin-(1/2,S)\n  Heisenberg Chains Due to a Quantum Phase Transition Towards the Luttinger\n  Spin Liquid: Magnetization curves of the ferrimagnetic mixed spin-(1/2,S) Heisenberg\nchains are calculated with the help of density-matrix renormalization group\nmethod for several quantum spin numbers S=1, 3/2, 2 and 5/2. It is shown that\nthe ferrimagnetic mixed spin-(1/2,S) Heisenberg chains exhibit irrespective of\nthe spin value S exactly one intermediate magnetization plateau, which can be\nidentified with the gapped Lieb-Mattis ferrimagnetic ground state. The\nmagnetization plateau due to the Lieb-Mattis ferrimagnetism breaks down at a\nquantum phase transition towards the Luttinger spin liquid, which is\ncharacterized by a continuous change of the magnetization with the magnetic\nfield until another quantum critical point is reached at the saturation field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vortices in a trapped dilute Bose-Einstein condensate: We review the theory of vortices in trapped dilute Bose-Einstein condensates\nand compare theoretical predictions with existing experiments. Mean-field\ntheory based on the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation describes the main\nfeatures of the vortex states, and its predictions agree well with available\nexperimental results. We discuss various properties of a single vortex,\nincluding its structure, energy, dynamics, normal modes and stability, as well\nas vortex arrays. When the nonuniform condensate contains a vortex, the\nexcitation spectrum includes unstable (``anomalous'') mode(s) with negative\nfrequency. Trap rotation shifts the normal-mode frequencies and can stabilize\nthe vortex. We consider the effect of thermal quasiparticles on vortex normal\nmodes as well as possible mechanisms for vortex dissipation. Vortex states in\nmixtures and spinor condensates are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo study on low-temperature phase diagrams of the $J_1$-$J_2$\n  classical $XY$ kagome antiferromagnet: Frustrated magnets with degenerate ground states exhibit exotic ground states\nand rich phase structures when perturbations and/or thermal fluctuations lift\nthe degeneracy. In two-dimensional models with short-range interactions,\ncontinuous symmetries cannot spontaneously break at finite temperatures,\nleading to the suppression of conventional magnetic long-range ordering (LRO).\nIn this paper, we numerically study the classical $J_1$-$J_2$ $XY$\nantiferromagnet on the kagome lattice as a prototype model of such frustrated\nmagnets, where $J_2$ denotes the next-nearest-neighbor exchange interaction. We\nmap out the $J_2$-$T$ phase diagram of this model employing extensive classical\nMonte Carlo (MC) simulations. The obtained phase diagram features\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transitions of $q=0$,\n$\\sqrt{3}\\times\\sqrt{3}$ magnetic orders, and octupole orders, in addition to\nfinite-temperature phase transitions of both ferrochiral and antiferrochiral\nlong-range orders. Additionally, we find a non-trivial first-order transition\nfor antiferromagnetic $J_2/J_1 < 0$. The origin of this transition is discussed\nin the context of non-local loop structures present in local $120^\\circ$ spin\nstructures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Direct algebraic mapping transformation for decorated spin models: In this article we propose a general transformation for decorated spin\nmodels. The advantage of this transformation is to perform a direct mapping of\na decorated spin model onto another effective spin thus simplifying algebraic\ncomputations by avoiding the proliferation of unnecessary iterative\ntransformations and parameters that might otherwise lead to transcendental\nequations. Direct mapping transformation is discussed in detail for decorated\nIsing spin models as well as for decorated Ising-Heisenberg spin models, with\narbitrary coordination number and with some constrained Hamiltonian's parameter\nfor systems with coordination number larger than 4 (3) with (without) spin\ninversion symmetry respectively. In order to illustrate this transformation we\ngive several examples of this mapping transformation, where most of them were\nnot explored yet.",
        "positive": "High Frequency Dynamics of Amorphous Silica: We present the results of extensive molecular dynamics computer simulations\nin which the high frequency dynamics of silica, nu>0.5 THz, is investigated in\nthe viscous liquid state as well as in the glass state. We characterize the\nproperties of high frequency sound modes by analyzing J_l(q,nu) and J_t(q,nu),\nthe longitudinal and transverse current correlation function, respectively. For\nwave-vectors q>0.4 Angstrom^{-1} the spectra are sitting on top of a flat\nbackground which is due to multiphonon excitations. In the acoustic frequency\nband, i.e. for nu<20 THz, the intensity of J_l(q,nu) and J_t(q,nu) in the\nliquid and the glass approximately proportional to temperature, in agreement\nwith the harmonic approximation. In contrast to this, strong deviations from a\nlinear scaling are found for nu>20 THz. The dynamic structure factor S(q,nu)\nexhibits for q>0.23 Angstrom^{-1} a boson peak which is located nearly\nindependent of q around 1.7 THz. We show that the low frequency part of the\nboson peak is mainly due to the elastic scattering of transverse acoustic modes\nwith frequencies around 1 THz. The strength of this scattering depends on q and\nis largest around q=1.7 Angstrom^{-1}, the location of the first sharp\ndiffraction peak in the static structure factor. By studying S(q,nu) for\ndifferent system sizes we show that strong finite size effects are present in\nthe low frequency part of the boson peak in that for small systems part of its\nintensity is missing. We discuss the consequences of these finite size effects\nfor the structural relaxation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Threshold of coexistence and critical behavior of a predator-prey\n  cellular automaton: We study a probabilistic cellular automaton to describe two population\nbiology problems: the threshold of species coexistence in a predator-prey\nsystem and the spreading of an epidemic in a population. By carrying out\ntime-dependent simulations we obtain the dynamic critical exponents and the\nphase boundaries (thresholds) related to the transition between an activestate,\nwhere prey and predators present a stable coexistence, and a prey absorbing\nstate. The estimates for the critical exponents show that the transition\nbelongs to the directed percolation universality class. In the limit where the\ncellular automaton maps into a model for the spreading of an epidemic with\nimmunization we observe a crossover from directed percolation class to the\ndynamic percolation class. Patterns of growing clusters related to species\ncoexistence and spreading of epidemic are shown and discussed.",
        "positive": "Critical exponents of the driven elastic string in a disordered medium: We analyze the harmonic elastic string driven through a continuous random\npotential above the depinning threshold. The velocity exponent beta = 0.33(2)\nis calculated. We observe a crossover in the roughness exponent zeta from the\ncritical value 1.26 to the asymptotic (large force) value of 0.5. We calculate\ndirectly the velocity correlation function and the corresponding correlation\nlength exponent nu = 1.29(5), which obeys the scaling relation nu = 1/(2-zeta),\nand agrees with the finite-size-scaling exponent of fluctuations in the\ncritical force. The velocity correlation function is non-universal at short\ndistances."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-range epidemic spreading with immunization: We study the phase transition between survival and extinction in an epidemic\nprocess with long-range interactions and immunization. This model can be viewed\nas the well-known general epidemic process (GEP) in which nearest-neighbor\ninteractions are replaced by Levy flights over distances r which are\ndistributed as P(r) ~ r^(-d-sigma). By extensive numerical simulations we\nconfirm previous field-theoretical results obtained by Janssen et al. [Eur.\nPhys. J. B7, 137 (1999)].",
        "positive": "Dynamical and correlation properties of the Internet: The description of the Internet topology is an important open problem,\nrecently tackled with the introduction of scale-free networks. In this paper we\nfocus on the topological and dynamical properties of real Internet maps in a\nthree years time interval. We study higher order correlation functions as well\nas the dynamics of several quantities. We find that the Internet is\ncharacterized by non-trivial correlations among nodes and different dynamical\nregimes. We point out the importance of node hierarchy and aging in the\nInternet structure and growth. Our results provide hints towards the realistic\nmodeling of the Internet evolution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low-temperature Metastability of Ising Models: Prefactors, Divergences,\n  and Discontinuities: The metastable lifetime of the square-lattice and simple-cubic-lattice\nkinetic Ising models are studied in the low-temperature limit. The simulations\nare performed using Monte Carlo with Absorbing Markov Chain algorithms to\nsimulate extremely long low-temperature lifetimes. The question being addressed\nis at what temperatures the mathematically rigorous low-temperature results\nbecome valid. It is shown that the answer depends partly on how close the\nsystem is to fields at which the prefactor for the metastable decay either has\na discontinuity or diverges.",
        "positive": "Critical exponents and universality for the isotropic-nematic phase\n  transition in a system of self-assembled rigid rods on a lattice: Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out for a system of monomers on\nsquare lattices that, by decreasing temperature or increasing density,\npolymerize reversibly into chains with two allowed directions and, at the same\ntime, undergo a continuous isotropic-nematic (I-N) transition. The results show\nthat the self-assembly process affects the nature of the transition. Thus, the\ndetermination of the critical exponents indicates that the universality class\nof the I-N transition changes from two-dimensional Ising-type for monodisperse\nrods without self-assembly to q=1 Potts-type for self-assembled rods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Critical Properties of Two-dimensional Oscillator Arrays: We present a renormalization group study of two dimensional arrays of\noscillators, with dissipative, short range interactions. We consider the case\nof non-identical oscillators, with distributed intrinsic frequencies within the\narray and study the steady-state properties of the system. In two dimensions no\nmacroscopic mutual entrainment is found but, for identical oscillators,\ncritical behavior of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type is shown to be\npresent. We then discuss the stability of (BKT) order in the physical case of\ndistributed quenched random frequencies. In order to do that, we show how the\nsteady-state dynamical properties of the two dimensional array of non-identical\noscillators are related to the equilibrium properties of the XY model with\nquenched randomness, that has been already studied in the past. We propose a\nnovel set of recursion relations to study this system within the Migdal\nKadanoff renormalization group scheme, by mean of the discrete clock-state\nformulation. We compute the phase diagram in the presence of random dissipative\ncoupling, at finite values of the clock state parameter. Possible experimental\napplications in two dimensional arrays of microelectromechanical oscillators\nare briefly suggested.",
        "positive": "Pros and cons of swimming in a noisy environment: The problem of optimal microscopic swimming in a noisy environment is\nanalyzed. A simplified model in which propulsion is generated by the relative\nmotion of three spheres connected by immaterial links has been considered. We\nshow that an optimized noisy microswimmer requires less power for propulsion\n(on the average), than an optimal noiseless counterpart, migrating with\nidentical mean velocity and swimming stroke amplitude. We also show that noise\ncan be used to overcome some of the limitations of the scallop theorem, and\nhave a swimmer that is able to propel itself with control over just one degree\nof freedom."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of geometric and electronic structures on the finite temperature\n  behavior of Na$_{58}$, Na$_{57}$, and Na$_{55}$ clusters: An analysis of the evolutionary trends in the ground state geometries of\nNa$_{55}$ to Na$_{62}$ reveals Na$_{58}$, an electronic closed--shell system,\nshows namely an electronically driven spherical shape leading to a disordered\nbut compact structure. This structural change induces a strong {\\it\nconnectivity} of short bonds among the surface atoms as well as between core\nand surface atoms with inhomogeneous strength in the ground state geometry,\nwhich affects its finite--temperature behavior. By employing {\\it ab initio}\ndensity--functional molecular dynamics, we show that this leads to two distinct\nfeatures in specific heat curve compared to that of Na$_{55}$: (1) The peak is\nshifted by about 100 K higher in temperature. (2) The transition region becomes\nmuch broader than Na$_{55}$. The inhomogeneous distribution of bond strengths\nresults in a broad melting transition and the strongly connected network of\nshort bonds leads to the highest melting temperature of 375 K reported among\nthe sodium clusters. Na$_{57}$, which has one electron less than Na$_{58}$,\nalso possesses stronger short--bond network compared with Na$_{55}$, resulting\nin higher melting temperature (350 K) than observed in Na$_{55}$. Thus, we\nconclude that when a cluster has nearly closed shell structure not only\ngeometrically but also electronically, it show a high melting temperature. Our\ncalculations clearly bring out the size--sensitive nature of the specific heat\ncurve in sodium clusters.",
        "positive": "Preemptive vortex-loop proliferation in multicomponent interacting\n  Bose--Einstein condensates: We use analytical arguments and large-scale Monte Carlo calculations to\ninvestigate the nature of the phase transitions between distinct complex\nsuperfluid phases in a two-component Bose--Einstein condensate when a\nnon-dissipative drag between the two components is being varied. We focus on\nunderstanding the role of topological defects in various phase transitions and\ndevelop vortex-matter arguments allowing an analytical description of the phase\ndiagram. We find the behavior of fluctuation induced vortex matter to be much\nmore complex and substantially different from that of single-component\nsuperfluids. We propose and investigate numerically a novel drag-induced\n``preemptive vortex loop proliferation'' transition. Such a transition may be a\nquite generic feature in many multicomponent systems where symmetry is restored\nby a gas of several kinds of competing vortex loops."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Linear Algebra: Linear algebraic primitives are at the core of many modern algorithms in\nengineering, science, and machine learning. Hence, accelerating these\nprimitives with novel computing hardware would have tremendous economic impact.\nQuantum computing has been proposed for this purpose, although the resource\nrequirements are far beyond current technological capabilities, so this\napproach remains long-term in timescale. Here we consider an alternative\nphysics-based computing paradigm based on classical thermodynamics, to provide\na near-term approach to accelerating linear algebra.\n  At first sight, thermodynamics and linear algebra seem to be unrelated\nfields. In this work, we connect solving linear algebra problems to sampling\nfrom the thermodynamic equilibrium distribution of a system of coupled harmonic\noscillators. We present simple thermodynamic algorithms for (1) solving linear\nsystems of equations, (2) computing matrix inverses, (3) computing matrix\ndeterminants, and (4) solving Lyapunov equations. Under reasonable assumptions,\nwe rigorously establish asymptotic speedups for our algorithms, relative to\ndigital methods, that scale linearly in matrix dimension. Our algorithms\nexploit thermodynamic principles like ergodicity, entropy, and equilibration,\nhighlighting the deep connection between these two seemingly distinct fields,\nand opening up algebraic applications for thermodynamic computing hardware.",
        "positive": "Nonstandard Convergence to Jamming in Random Sequential Adsorption: The\n  Case of Patterned One-Dimensional Substrates: We study approach to the large-time jammed state of the deposited particles\nin the model of random sequential adsorption. The convergence laws are usually\nderived from the argument of Pomeau which includes the assumption of the\ndominance, at large enough times, of small landing regions into each of which\nonly a single particle can be deposited without overlapping earlier deposited\nparticles and which, after a certain time are no longer created by depositions\nin larger gaps. The second assumption has been that the size distribution of\ngaps open for particle-center landing in this large-time small-gaps regime is\nfinite in the limit of zero gap size. We report numerical Monte Carlo studies\nof a recently introduced model of random sequential adsorption on patterned\none-dimensional substrates that suggest that the second assumption must be\ngeneralized. We argue that a region exists in the parameter space of the\nstudied model in which the gap-size distribution in the Pomeau large-time\nregime actually linearly vanishes at zero gap sizes. In another region, the\ndistribution develops a threshold property, i.e., there are no small gaps below\na certain gap size. We discuss the implications of these findings for new\nasymptotic power-law and exponential-modified-by-a-power-law convergences to\njamming in irreversible one-dimensional deposition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Studies of thermal conductivity in Fermi-Pasta-Ulam like lattices: The pioneering computer simulations of the energy relaxation mechanisms\nperformed by Fermi, Pasta and Ulam can be considered as the first attempt of\nunderstanding energy relaxation and thus heat conduction in lattices of\nnonlinear oscillators. In this paper we describe the most recent achievements\nabout the divergence of heat conductivity with the system size in 1d and 2d\nFPU-like lattices. The anomalous behavior is particularly evident at low\nenergies, where it is enhanced by the quasi-harmonic character of the lattice\ndynamics. Remakably, anomalies persist also in the strongly chaotic region\nwhere long--time tails develop in the current autocorrelation function. A modal\nanalysis of the 1d case is also presented in order to gain further insight\nabout the role played by boundary conditions.",
        "positive": "Froehlich Polarons From 3D to 0D. Concepts and Recent Developments: An overview is presented of the fundamentals of continuum-polaron physics,\nwhich provide the basis of the analysis of polaron effects in ionic crystals\nand polar semiconductors. The present paper deals with \"large\", or \"continuum\",\npolarons, as described by the Froehlich Hamiltonian. The emphasis is on the\npolaron optical absorption."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Height distributions in interface growth: The role of the averaging\n  process: To quantitatively characterize height distributions (HDs), one uses\nadimensional ratios of their first central moments ($m_n$) or cumulants\n($\\kappa_n$), especially the skewness $S$ and kurtosis $K$, whose accurate\nestimate demands an averaging over all $L^d$ points of the height profile at a\ngiven time, in translation-invariant interfaces, and over $N$ independent\nsamples. One way of doing this is by calculating $m_n(t)$ [or $\\kappa_n(t)$]\nfor each sample and then carrying out an average of them for the $N$\ninterfaces, with $S$ and $K$ being calculated only at the end. Another approach\nconsists in directly calculating the ratios for each interface and, then,\naveraging the $N$ values. It turns out, however, that $S$ and $K$ for the\ngrowth regime HDs display strong finite-size and -time effects when estimated\nfrom these \"interface statistics\", as already observed in some previous works\nand clearly shown here, through extensive simulations of several discrete\ngrowth models belonging to the EW and KPZ classes on 1D and 2D substrates of\nsizes $L=const.$ and $L \\sim t$. Importantly, I demonstrate that with \"1-point\nstatistics'', i.e., by calculating $m_n(t)$ [or $\\kappa_n(t)$] once for all $N\nL^d$ heights together, these corrections become very weak. However, I find that\nthis \"1-point'' approach fails in uncovering the universality of the HDs in the\nsteady state regime (SSR) of systems whose average height, $\\bar{h}$, is a\nfluctuating variable. In fact, as demonstrated here, in this regime the 1-pt\nheight evolves as $h(t) = \\bar{h}(t) + s_{\\lambda} A^{1/2} L^{\\alpha} \\zeta +\n\\cdots$ -- where $P(\\zeta)$ is the underlying SSR HD -- and the fluctuations in\n$\\bar{h}$ yield $S_{1pt} \\sim t^{-1/2}$ and $K_{1pt} \\sim t^{-1}$. Nonetheless,\nby analyzing $P(h-\\bar{h})$, the cumulants of $P(\\zeta)$ can be accurately\ndetermined.",
        "positive": "Structure and dynamics of binary liquid mixtures near their continuous\n  demixing transitions: The dynamic and static critical behavior of five binary Lennard-Jones liquid\nmixtures, close to their continuous demixing points (belonging to the so-called\nmodel H' dynamic universality class), are studied computationally by combining\nsemi-grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations and large-scale molecular dynamics\n(MD) simulations, accelerated by graphic processing units (GPU). The symmetric\nbinary liquid mixtures considered cover a variety of densities, a wide range of\ncompressibilities, and various interactions between the unlike particles. The\nstatic quantities studied here encompass the bulk phase diagram (including both\nthe binodal and the $\\lambda$-line), the correlation length, the concentration\nsusceptibility, the compressibility of the finite-sized systems at the bulk\ncritical temperature $T_c$, and the pressure. Concerning the collective\ntransport properties, we focus on the Onsager coefficient and the shear\nviscosity. The critical power-law singularities of these quantities are\nanalyzed in the mixed phase (above $T_c$) and non-universal critical amplitudes\nare extracted. Two universal amplitude ratios are calculated. The first one\ninvolves static amplitudes only and agrees well with the expectations for the\nthree-dimensional Ising universality class. The second ratio includes also\ndynamic critical amplitudes and is related to the Einstein--Kawasaki relation\nfor the interdiffusion constant. Precise estimates of this amplitude ratio are\ndifficult to obtain from MD simulations, but within the error bars our results\nare compatible with theoretical predictions and experimental values for model\nH'. Evidence is reported for an inverse proportionality of the pressure and the\nisothermal compressibility at the demixing transition, upon varying either the\nnumber density or the repulsion strength between unlike particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic Magnetization-Reversal Transition in the Ising Model: We report the results of mean field and the Monte Carlo study of the dynamic\nmagnetization-reversal transition in the Ising model, brought about by the\napplication of an external field pulse applied in opposition to the existing\norder before the application of the pulse. The transition occurs at a\ntemperature T below the static critical temperature T_c without any external\nfield. The transition occurs when the system, perturbed by the external field\npulse competing with the existing order, jumps from one minimum of free energy\nto the other after the withdrawal of the pulse. The parameters controlling the\ntransition are the strength h_p and the duration Delta t of the pulse. In the\nmean field case, approximate analytical expression is obtained for the phase\nboundary which agrees well with that obtained numerically in the small Delta t\nand large T limit. The order parameter of the transition has been identified\nand is observed to vary continuously near the transition. The order parameter\nexponent beta was estimated both for the mean field (beta =1) and the Monte\nCarlo beta = 0.90 \\pm 0.02 in two dimension) cases. The transition shows a\n\"critical slowing-down\" type behaviour near the phase boundary with diverging\nrelaxation time. The divergence was found to be logarithmic in the mean field\ncase and exponential in the Monte Carlo case. The finite size scaling technique\nwas employed to estimate the correlation length exponent nu (= 1.5 \\pm 0.3 in\ntwo dimension) in the Monte Carlo case.",
        "positive": "A Model of Interface Growth with non-Burgers Dynamical Exponent: We define a new model of interface roughening which has the property that the\nminimum of interface height is conserved locally during the growth. This model\ncorresponds to the limit $q \\to \\infty$ of the q-color dimer\ndeposition-evaporation model introduced by us earlier [Hari Menon M K and Dhar\nD 1995 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 28 6517]. We present numerical evidence from\nMonte Carlo simulations and the exact diagonalization of the evolution operator\non finite rings that this model is not in the universality class of the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang interface growth model. The dynamical exponent z in one\ndimension is larger than 2, with $z \\approx 2.5$. And there are logarithmic\ncorrections to the scaling of the gap with system size. Higher dimensional\ngeneralization of the model is briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stabilization of highly dimensional statistical systems: Girko ensemble: A quantum statistical system with energy dissipation is studied. Its\nstatisitics is governed by random complex-valued non-Hermitean Hamiltonians\nbelonging to complex Ginibre ensemble. The eigenenergies are shown to form\nstable structure in thermodynamical limit (large matrix dimension limit).\nAnalogy of Wigner and Dyson with system of electrical charges is drawn.",
        "positive": "Geometrical optics of large deviations of Brownian motion in\n  inhomogeneous media: Geometrical optics provides an instructive insight into Brownian motion,\n``pushed\" into a large-deviations regime by imposed constraints. Here we extend\ngeometrical optics of Brownian motion by accounting for diffusion inhomogeneity\nin space. We consider three simple model problems of Brownian motion on the\nline or in the plane in situations where the diffusivity of the Brownian\nparticle depends on one spatial coordinate. One of our results describes\n``Brownian refraction\": an analog of refraction of light passing through a\nboundary between two media with different refraction indices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fields, particles and universality in two dimensions: We discuss the use of field theory for the exact determination of universal\nproperties in two-dimensional statistical mechanics. After a compact derivation\nof critical exponents of main universality classes, we turn to the off-critical\ncase, considering systems both on the whole plane and in presence of\nboundaries. The topics we discuss include magnetism, percolation, phase\nseparation, interfaces, wetting.",
        "positive": "Spontaneous magnetisation in the plane: The Arak process is a solvable stochastic process which generates coloured\npatterns in the plane. Patterns are made up of a variable number of random\nnon-intersecting polygons. We show that the distribution of Arak process states\nis the Gibbs distribution of its states in thermodynamic equilibrium in the\ngrand canonical ensemble. The sequence of Gibbs distributions form a new model\nparameterised by temperature. We prove that there is a phase transition in this\nmodel, for some non-zero temperature. We illustrate this conclusion with\nsimulation results. We measure the critical exponents of this off-lattice model\nand find they are consistent with those of the Ising model in two dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations and skewness of the current in the partially asymmetric\n  exclusion process: We use functional Bethe Ansatz equations to calculate the cumulants of the\ntotal current in the partially asymmetric exclusion process. We recover known\nformulas for the first two cumulants (mean value of the current and diffusion\nconstant) and obtain an explicit finite size formula for the third cumulant.\nThe expression for the third cumulant takes a simple integral form in the limit\nwhere the asymmetry scales as the inverse of the square root of the size of the\nsystem, which corresponds to a natural separation between weak and strong\nasymmetry.",
        "positive": "Surface and capillary transitions in an associating binary mixture model: We investigate the phase diagram of a two-component associating fluid mixture\nin the presence of selectively adsorbing substrates. The mixture is\ncharacterized by a bulk phase diagram which displays peculiar features such as\nclosed loops of immiscibility. The presence of the substrates may interfere the\nphysical mechanism involved in the appearance of these phase diagrams, leading\nto an enhanced tendency to phase separate below the lower critical solution\npoint. Three different cases are considered: a planar solid surface in contact\nwith a bulk fluid, while the other two represent two models of porous systems,\nnamely a slit and an array on infinitely long parallel cylinders. We confirm\nthat surface transitions, as well as capillary transitions for a large\narea/volume ratio, are stabilized in the one-phase region. Applicability of our\nresults to experiments reported in the literature is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Existence of a New Quantum Phase in Exactly Solvable Antiferromagnetic\n  Ising-Heisenberg Models on Planar Lattices: In this work we deal with doubly decorated Ising-Heisenberg models on planar\nlattices. Applying the generalized decoration-iteration transformation we\nobtain exact results for the antiferromagnetic version of the model. The\nexistence of a new quantum dimerized phase is predicted and its physical\nproperties are studied and analyzed. Particular attention has been paid to the\ninvestigation of the phase boundaries, pair-correlation functions and specific\nheat. A possible application of the present work to some molecular magnets is\nalso drawn.",
        "positive": "Generalized Cubic Model for BaTiO$_3$-like Ferroelectric Substance: We propose an order-disorder type microscopic model for BaTiO$_3$-like\nFerroelectric Substance. Our model has three phase transitions and four phases.\nThe symmetry and directions of the polarizations of the ordered phases agree\nwith the experimental results of BaTiO$_3$. The intermediate phases in our\nmodel are known as an incompletely ordered phase, which appears in a\ngeneralized clock model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ashkin-Teller criticality and weak-first-order behavior of phase\n  transition to four-fold degenerate state in two-dimensional frustrated Ising\n  antiferromagnets: We study the thermal phase transitions of the four-fold degenerate phases\n(the plaquette and single stripe states) in two-dimensional frustrated Ising\nmodel on the Shastry-Sutherland lattice using Monte Carlo simulations. The\ncritical Ashkin-Teller-like behavior is identified both in the parameter\nregions with the plaquette and single stripe phases, respectively. The\nfour-state Potts-critical end points differentiating the continuous transitions\nfrom the first-order ones are estimated based on finite-size scaling analyses.\nFurthermore, similar behavior of the transition to the four-fold single stripe\nphase is also observed in the anisotropic triangular Ising model. Thus, this\nwork clearly demonstrates that the transitions to the four-fold degenerate\nstates of two-dimensional Ising antiferromagnets exhibit similar transition\nbehavior.",
        "positive": "Jamming and asymptotic behavior in competitive random parking of\n  bidisperse cars: We propose a generalized car parking problem where either a car of size\n$\\sigma$ or of size $m\\sigma$ ($m>1$) is sequentially parked on a line with\nprobability $q$ and $(1-q)$, respectively. The free parameter $q$ interpolates\nbetween the classical car parking problem at either extreme ($q=0$ and $q=1$)\nand the competitive random sequential adsorption of a binary mixture in\nbetween. We find that the coverage in the jamming limit for a mixture always\nexceeds the value obtained for the uni-sized case. The introduction of a\nbidisperse mixture results in the slow approach ($\\sim t^{-1}$) to the jamming\nlimit by the smaller species while the larger species reach their asymptotic\nvalues exponentially fast $\\sim t^{-1}e^{-(m-1)qt}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement in a fermionic spin chain containing a single mobile boson\n  under decoherence: The concurrence between first and the last sites of a fermionic spin chain\ncontaining a single boson is rigorously investigated at finite low temperature\nin the vicinity of a weak homogeneous magnetic field. We consider the boson as\na mobile spin-1 particle through the chain and study concurrence without/under\ndecoherence and express some interesting phase flip and bit flip reactions of\nthe pairwise entanglement between first and the last half-spins in the chain.\nOur investigations show that the concurrence between two considered half-spins\nhas different behavior for various positions of the single boson along the\nchain. Indeed, we realize that the single boson mobility has an essential role\nto probe the pairwise entanglement intensity between two spins located at the\nopposite ends of a fermionic chain. Interestingly, the entanglement remains\nalive for higher temperatures when the boson is the nearest neighbor of the\nfirst fermion. When the boson is at the middle of chain, it is demonstrated\nthat the threshold temperature (at which the concurrence vanishes) versus\ndecoherence rate can be considered as a threshold temperature boundary. These\nresults pave the way to set and interpret the numerical and analytical\nexpressions for utilizing quantum information in realistic scenarios such as\nquantum state transmission, quantum communication science and quantum\ninformation processing, where the both fermion-fermion and fermion-boson\ncorrelations should be taken in to account.",
        "positive": "Efficiency at maximum power output of an irreversible Carnot-like cycle\n  with internally dissipative friction: We investigate the efficiency at maximum power of an irreversible Carnot\nengine performing finite-time cycles between two reservoirs at temperatures\n$T_h$ and $T_c$ $(T_c<T_h)$, taking into account of internally dissipative\nfriction in two \"adiabatic\" processes. In the frictionless case, the\nefficiencies at maximum power output are retrieved to be situated between\n$\\eta_{_C}/$ and $\\eta_{_C}/(2-\\eta_{_C})$, with $\\eta_{_C}=1-T_c/{T_h}$ being\nthe Carnot efficiency. The strong limits of the dissipations in the hot and\ncold isothermal processes lead to the result that the efficiency at maximum\npower output approaches the values of $\\eta_{_C}/$ and\n$\\eta_{_C}/(2-\\eta_{_C})$, respectively. When dissipations of two isothermal\nand two adiabatic processes are symmetric, respectively, the efficiency at\nmaximum power output is founded to be bounded between 0 and the Curzon-Ahlborn\n(CA) efficiency $1-\\sqrt{1-\\eta{_C}}$, and the the CA efficiency is achieved in\nthe absence of internally dissipative friction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective average action based approach to correlation functions at\n  finite momenta: We present a truncation scheme of the effective average action approach of\nthe nonperturbative renormalization group which allows for an accurate\ndescription of the critical regime as well as of correlation functions at\nfinite momenta. The truncation is a natural modification of the standard\nderivative expansion which includes both all local correlations and two-point\nand four-point irreducible correlations to all orders in the derivatives. We\ndiscuss schemes for both the symmetric and the symmetry broken phase of the\nO(N) model and present results for D=3. All approximations are done directly in\nthe effective average action rather than in the flow equations of irreducible\nvertices. The approach is numerically relatively easy to implement and yields\ngood results for all N both for the critical exponents as well as for the\nmomentum dependence of the two-point function.",
        "positive": "Absence of local conserved quantity in the Heisenberg model with\n  next-nearest-neighbor interaction: We rigorously prove that the Heisenberg chain with next-nearest-neighbor\ninteraction, which is anticipated to be non-integrable, is indeed\nnon-integrable in the sense that this system has no nontrivial local conserved\nquantity. Our result covers two important models, the Majundhar-Ghosh model and\nthe Shastry-Sutherland model, as special cases. These models are shown to be\nnon-integrable while have some solvable energy eigenstates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase boundaries of a spin-3/2 Blume-Emery-Griffiths model on a\n  honeycomb lattice: The spin-3/2 Blume-Emery-Griffiths model on a honeycomb lattice is studied by\nMonte Carlo simulations with the goal to determine phase diagrams for a range\nof the model parameters and to investigate the nature of the phase transitions\nbetween the respective phases. For positive values of the biquadratic to\nbilinear interaction ratio $\\alpha$, we find two ferromagnetically ordered\nphases, F1 and F2, with the sublattice magnetizations (1/2,1/2) and (3/2,3/2),\nrespectively, and our results confirm the discontinuous character of the\norder-disorder critical line as a function of the single-ion anisotropy\nstrength, predicted by the effective-field theory (EFT). For negative values of\n$\\alpha$, there is another ferrimagnetic (FRM) phase of the type (1/2,3/2),\nlocated between F1 and F2. However, the step-like variation of the\norder-disorder critical frontier obtained from EFT for large negative $\\alpha$\nis not reproduced and thus deemed artifact of the EFT approximation.\nFinite-size scaling analysis performed at various points between the respective\nidentified phases gave the ratio of critical exponents $\\gamma/\\nu$ consistent\nwith the 2D Ising universality class, except in the vicinity of the boundary\nintersection, where the results deviated from the standard values beyond the\nmeasurement errors.",
        "positive": "Ground state property of Bose-Einstein gas for arbitrary power low\n  interaction: We study Bose-Einstein gas for an arbitrary power low interaction\n$C_{\\alpha}r^{-\\alpha}$. This is done by the Hartree Fock Bogoliubov (HFB)\napproach at $T \\le T_{c}$ and the mean field approach at $T>T_{c}$. Especially,\nwe investigate the ground state property of Bose gas interacting through the\nVan der Waals $-C_{6}r^{-6}$ plus $C_{3}r^{-3}$ interactions. We show that the\nground state under this interaction is stable if the ratio of coupling\nconstants is larger than that of the critical curve. We find that the\n$C_{3}r^{-3}$ term plays an important role for the stability of the ground\nstate when the density of atoms becomes sufficiently large at low temperature.\nFurther, using the numerical values of $C_{3}$ and $C_{6}$, we confirm that the\nground state of alkali atoms are stable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Dilute Bose Gas Revised: The well-known results concerning a dilute Bose gas with the short-range\nrepulsive interaction should be reconsidered due to a thermodynamic\ninconsistency of the method being basic to much of the present understanding of\nthis subject. The aim of our paper is to propose a new way of treating the\ndilute Bose gas with an arbitrary strong interaction. Using the reduced density\nmatrix of the second order and a variational procedure, this way allows us to\nescape the inconsistency mentioned and operate with singular potentials of the\nLennard-Jones type. The derived expansion of the condensate depletion in powers\nof the boson density n=N/V reproduces the familiar result, while the expansion\nfor the mean energy per particle is of the new form: E=2\\pi \\hbar^2 a n/m\n[1+128/(15 \\sqrt{\\pi})\\sqrt{na^3}(1-5b/8a)+ ...], where a is the scattering\nlength and b>0 stands for one more characteristic length depending on the shape\nof the interaction potential (in particular, for the hard spheres a=b). All the\nconsideration concerns the zero temperature.",
        "positive": "Overlap Interfaces in Hierarchical Spin-Glass models: We discuss interfaces in spin glasses. We present new theoretical results and\na numerical method to characterize overlap interfaces and the stability of the\nspin-glass phase in extended disordered systems. We use this definition to\ncharacterize the low temperature phase of hierarchical spin-glass models. We\nuse the Replica Symmetry Breaking theory to evaluate the cost for an overlap\ninterface, which in these models is particularly simple. A comparison of our\nresults from numerical simulations with the theoretical predictions shows good\nagreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Teaching the Principles of Statistical Dynamics: We describe a simple framework for teaching the principles that underlie the\ndynamical laws of transport: Fick's law of diffusion, Fourier's law of heat\nflow, the Newtonian viscosity law, and mass-action laws of chemical kinetics.\nIn analogy with the way that the maximization of entropy over microstates leads\nto the Boltzmann law and predictions about equilibria, maximizing a quantity\nthat E. T. Jaynes called \"Caliber\" over all the possible microtrajectories\nleads to these dynamical laws. The principle of Maximum Caliber also leads to\ndynamical distribution functions which characterize the relative probabilities\nof different microtrajectories. A great source of recent interest in\nstatistical dynamics has resulted from a new generation of single-particle and\nsingle-molecule experiments which make it possible to observe dynamics one\ntrajectory at a time.",
        "positive": "Shift in critical temperature for random spatial permutations with cycle\n  weights: We examine a phase transition in a model of random spatial permutations which\noriginates in a study of the interacting Bose gas. Permutations are weighted\naccording to point positions; the low-temperature onset of the appearance of\narbitrarily long cycles is connected to the phase transition of Bose-Einstein\ncondensates. In our simplified model, point positions are held fixed on the\nfully occupied cubic lattice and interactions are expressed as Ewens-type\nweights on cycle lengths of permutations. The critical temperature of the\ntransition to long cycles depends on an interaction-strength parameter\n$\\alpha$. For weak interactions, the shift in critical temperature is expected\nto be linear in $\\alpha$ with constant of linearity $c$. Using Markov chain\nMonte Carlo methods and finite-size scaling, we find $c = 0.618 \\pm 0.086$.\nThis finding matches a similar analytical result of Ueltschi and Betz. We also\nexamine the mean longest cycle length as a fraction of the number of sites in\nlong cycles, recovering an earlier result of Shepp and Lloyd for non-spatial\npermutations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tagged particle in single-file diffusion with arbitrary initial\n  conditions: We compute the full probability distribution of the positions of a tagged\nparticle exactly for given arbitrary initial positions of the particles and for\ngeneral single-particle propagators. We consider the thermodynamic limit of our\nexact expressions in quenched and annealed settings. For a particular class of\nsingle-particle propagators, the exact formula is expressed in a simple\nintegral form in the quenched case whereas in the annealed case, it is\nexpressed as a simple combination of Bessel functions. In particular, we focus\non the step and the power-law initial configurations. In the former case, a\ndrift is induced even when the one-particle propagators are symmetric. On the\nother hand, in the later case the scaling of the cumulants of the position of\nthe tracer becomes different than the uniform case. We provide numerical\nverifications of our results.",
        "positive": "Action principle and Jaynes' guess method: A path information is defined in connection with the probability distribution\nof paths of nonequilibrium hamiltonian systems moving in phase space from an\ninitial cell to different final cells. On the basis of the assumption that\nthese paths are physically characterized by their action, we show that the\nmaximum path information leads to an exponential probability distribution of\naction which implies that the most probable paths are just the paths of\nstationary action. We also show that the averaged (over initial conditions)\npath information between an initial cell and all the possible final cells can\nbe related to the entropy change defined with natural invariant measures for\ndynamical systems. Hence the principle of maximum path information suggests\nmaximum entropy and entropy change which, in other words, is just an\napplication of the action principle of classical mechanics to the cases of\nstochastic or instable dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover from fast to slow dynamics in quantum Ising chains with long\n  range interactions: Quantum many body systems with long range interactions are known to display\nmany fascinating phenomena experimentally observable in trapped ions, Rydberg\natoms and polar molecules. Among these are dynamical phase transitions which\noccur after an abrupt quench in spin chains with interactions decaying as\n$r^{-\\alpha}$ and whose critical dynamics depend crucially on the power\n$\\alpha$: for systems with $\\alpha<1$ the transition is sharp while for\n$\\alpha>1$ it fans out in a chaotic crossover region. In this paper we explore\nthe fate of critical dynamics in Ising chains with long-range interactions when\nthe transverse field is ramped up with a finite speed. While for abrupt\nquenches we observe a chaotic region that widens as $\\alpha$ is increased, the\nwidth of the crossover region diminishes as the time of the ramp increases,\nsuggesting that chaos will disappear altogether and be replaced by a sharp\ntransition in the adiabatic limit.",
        "positive": "Vacancy localization in the square dimer model: We study the classical dimer model on a square lattice with a single vacancy\nby developing a graph-theoretic classification of the set of all configurations\nwhich extends the spanning tree formulation of close-packed dimers. With this\nformalism, we can address the question of the possible motion of the vacancy\ninduced by dimer slidings. We find a probability 57/4-10Sqrt[2] for the vacancy\nto be strictly jammed in an infinite system. More generally, the size\ndistribution of the domain accessible to the vacancy is characterized by a\npower law decay with exponent 9/8. On a finite system, the probability that a\nvacancy in the bulk can reach the boundary falls off as a power law of the\nsystem size with exponent 1/4. The resultant weak localization of vacancies\nstill allows for unbounded diffusion, characterized by a diffusion exponent\nthat we relate to that of diffusion on spanning trees. We also implement\nnumerical simulations of the model with both free and periodic boundary\nconditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Quench in the Transverse Field Ising Chain II: Stationary State\n  Properties: We consider the stationary state properties of the reduced density matrix as\nwell as spin-spin correlation functions after a sudden quantum quench of the\nmagnetic field in the transverse field Ising chain. We demonstrate that\nstationary state properties are described by a generalized Gibbs ensemble. We\ndiscuss the approach to the stationary state at late times.",
        "positive": "Exact velocity of dispersive flow in the asymmetric avalanche process: Using the Bethe ansatz we obtain the exact solution for the one-dimensional\nasymmetric avalanche process. We evaluate the velocity of dispersive flow as a\nfunction of driving force and the density of particles. The obtained solution\nshows a dynamical transition from intermittent to continuous flow."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Recovery temperature for nonclassical energy transfer in atom-surface\n  scattering: Nonperturbative expressions are derived for the angular resolved energy\ntransfer spectra in the quantum regime of multiphonon scattering of inert gas\natoms from surfaces. Application to He atom scattering from a prototype\nheatbath Xe/Cu(111) shows good agreement with experiments. This enables a full\nquantum calculation of the total energy transfer $\\mu$ and therefrom the much\ndebated recovery or equilibrium temperature $T_{r}$ characteristic of zero\nenergy transfer in gas-surface collisions in the free molecular flow regime.\nClassical universal character of $\\mu$ and $T_{r}$ is refuted.",
        "positive": "Spanning Trees on Lattices and Integration Identities: For a lattice $\\Lambda$ with $n$ vertices and dimension $d$ equal or higher\nthan two, the number of spanning trees $N_{ST}(\\Lambda)$ grows asymptotically\nas $\\exp(n z_\\Lambda)$ in the thermodynamic limit. We present exact integral\nexpressions for the asymptotic growth constant $z_\\Lambda$ for spanning trees\non several lattices. By taking different unit cells in the calculation, many\nintegration identities can be obtained. We also give $z_{\\Lambda (p)}$ on the\nhomeomorphic expansion of $k$-regular lattices with $p$ vertices inserted on\neach edge."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical exponents in zero dimensions: In the vicinity of the onset of an instability, we investigate the effect of\ncolored multiplicative noise on the scaling of the moments of the unstable mode\namplitude. We introduce a family of zero dimensional models for which we can\ncalculate the exact value of the critical exponents $\\beta_m$ for all the\nmoments. The results are obtained through asymptotic expansions that use the\ndistance to onset as a small parameter. The examined family displays a variety\nof behaviors of the critical exponents that includes anomalous exponents:\nexponents that differ from the deterministic (mean-field) prediction, and\nmultiscaling: non-linear dependence of the exponents on the order of the\nmoment.",
        "positive": "Bose-Einstein Condensates in Strongly Disordered Traps: A Bose-Einstein condensate in an external potential consisting of a\nsuperposition of a harmonic and a random potential is considered theoretically.\n  From a semi-quantitative analysis we find the size, shape and excitation\nenergy as a function of the disorder strength. For positive scattering length\nand sufficiently strong disorder the condensate decays into fragments each of\nthe size of the Larkin length ${\\cal L}$. This state is stable over a large\nrange of particle numbers. The frequency of the breathing mode scales as\n$1/{\\cal L}^2$. For negative scattering length a condensate of size ${\\cal L}$\nmay exist as a metastable state. These finding are generalized to anisotropic\ntraps."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sandpiles with height restrictions: We study stochastic sandpile models with a height restriction in one and two\ndimensions. A site can topple if it has a height of two, as in Manna's model,\nbut, in contrast to previously studied sandpiles, here the height (or number of\nparticles per site), cannot exceed two. This yields a considerable\nsimplification over the unrestricted case, in which the number of states per\nsite is unbounded. Two toppling rules are considered: in one, the particles are\nredistributed independently, while the other involves some cooperativity. We\nstudy the fixed-energy system (no input or loss of particles) using cluster\napproximations and extensive simulations, and find that it exhibits a\ncontinuous phase transition to an absorbing state at a critical value zeta_c of\nthe particle density. The critical exponents agree with those of the\nunrestricted Manna sandpile.",
        "positive": "Occurence Probabilities of Stochastic Paths: An analytical formula for the occurence probability of Markovian stochastic\npaths with repeatedly visited and/or equal departure rates is derived. This\nformula is essential for an efficient investigation of the trajectories\nbelonging to random walk models and for a numerical evaluation of the\n`contracted path integral solution' of the discrete master equation [Phys.\nLett. A 195, 128 (1994)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collisions enhance self-diffusion in odd-diffusive systems: It is generally believed that collisions of particles reduce the\nself-diffusion coefficient. Here we show that in odd-diffusive systems, which\nare characterized by diffusion tensors with antisymmetric elements, collisions\nsurprisingly can enhance the self-diffusion. In these systems, due to an\ninherent curving effect, the motion of particles is facilitated, instead of\nhindered by collisions leading to a mutual rolling effect. Using a geometric\nmodel, we analytically predict the enhancement of the self-diffusion\ncoefficient with increasing density. This counterintuitive behaviour is\ndemonstrated in the archetypal odd-diffusive system of Brownian particles under\nLorentz force. We validate our findings by many body Brownian dynamics\nsimulations in dilute systems.",
        "positive": "Escaping kinetic traps using non-reciprocal interactions: Kinetic traps are a notorious problem in equilibrium statistical mechanics,\nwhere temperature quenches ultimately fail to bring the system to low energy\nconfigurations. Using multifarious self-assembly as a model system, we\nintroduce a mechanism to escape kinetic traps by utilizing non-reciprocal\ninteractions between components. Introducing non-equilibrium effects offered by\nbroken action-reaction symmetry in the system, we can push the trajectory of\nthe system out of arrested dynamics. The dynamics of the model is studied using\ntools from the physics of interfaces and defects. Our proposal can find\napplications in self-assembly, glassy systems and systems with arrested\ndynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Concentration Profiles and Reaction Fronts in A + B -> C Type Processes:\n  Effect of Background Ions: Diffusion and reaction of initially separated ions A- and B+ in the presence\nof counter ions A'+ and B'- is studied. The dynamics is described in terms of\nreaction-diffusion equations obeying local electroneutrality, and the\ntime-evolution of ion-concentrations is determined. We find that, in the\nabsence of reactions, unequal mobility of ions generate nontrivial features in\nthe macroscopically observable concentration profiles. Switching on the\nreaction (A-) + (B+) -> C leads to the formation of a localized, diffusive\nreaction front and one finds that the properties of the front (e.g. effective\ndiffusion constant) are affected by the background ions. The consequences of\nthis effect on the formation of Liesegang patterns is discussed.",
        "positive": "Exact solution of free entropy for matrix-valued geometric Brownian\n  motion with non-commutative matrices via the replica method: Geometric Brownian motion (GBM) is a standard model in stochastic\ndifferential equations. In this study, we consider a matrix-valued GBM with\nnon-commutative matrices. Introduction of non-commutative matrices into the\nmatrix-valued GBM makes it difficult to obtain an exact solution because the\nexistence of noise terms prevents diagonalization. However, we show that the\nreplica method enables us to overcome this difficulty. We map the trace of the\ntime evolution operator of the matrix-valued GBM with non-commutative matrices\ninto the partition function of the isotropic Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model used in\nquantum spin systems. Then, solving the eigenvalue problem of the isotropic\nLipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, we obtain an analytical expression of the free\nentropy. Numerical simulation is consistent with our analytical result. Thus,\nour expression is the exact solution of the free entropy for the matrix-valued\nGBM with non-commutative matrices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimum transport in systems with time-dependent drive and short-ranged\n  interactions: We study one-dimensional hardcore lattice gases, with nearest-neighbor\ninteractions, in the presence of an external potential barrier, that moves on\nthe periodic lattice with a constant speed. We investigate how the nature of\nthe interaction (attractive or repulsive) affects particle transport and\ndetermine, using numerical simulations and mean-field calculations, the\nconditions for an optimum transport in the system. Physically, the particle\ncurrent induced by the time-dependent potential is opposed by a diffusive\ncurrent generated by the density inhomogeneity (a traveling wave) built up in\nthe system, resulting in a current reversal, that crucially depends on the\nspeed of the barrier and particle-number density. Indeed the presence of\nnearest-neighbor interaction has a significant impact on the current: Repulsive\ninteraction enhances the current, whereas attractive interaction suppresses it\nconsiderably. Quite remarkably, when the number density is low, the current\nincreases with the strength of the repulsive interaction and the maximum\ncurrent is obtained for the strongest possible repulsion strength, i.e., for\nthe nearest-neighbor exclusion. However, at high density, very strong repulsion\nmakes particle movement difficult in an overcrowded environment and, in that\ncase, the maximal current is achieved for weaker repulsive interaction\nstrength.",
        "positive": "Damage spreading in 2-dimensional isotropic and anisotropic Bak-Sneppen\n  models: We implement the damage spreading technique on 2-dimensional isotropic and\nanisotropic Bak-Sneppen models. Our extensive numerical simulations show that\nthere exists a power-law sensitivity to the initial conditions at the\nstatistically stationary state (self-organized critical state). Corresponding\ngrowth exponent $\\alpha$ for the Hamming distance and the dynamical exponent\n$z$ are calculated. These values allow us to observe a clear data collapse of\nthe finite size scaling for both versions of the Bak-Sneppen model. Moreover,\nit is shown that the growth exponent of the distance in the isotropic and\nanisotropic Bak-Sneppen models is strongly affected by the choice of the\ntransient time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Viewpoint on the \"Theory of the superglass phase\" and a proof of\n  principle of quantum critical jamming and related phases: A viewpoint article on the very interesting work of Biroli, Chamon, and\nZamponi on superglasses. I further suggest how additional new superglass and\n\"spin-superglass\" phases of matter (the latter phases contain quenched\ndisorder) and general characteristics may be proven as a theoretical proof of\nconcept in various electronic systems. The new phases include: (1) superglasses\nof Cooper pairs, i.e., glassy superconductors, (2) superglass phases of quantum\nspins, and (3) superglasses of the electronic orbitals. New general features\nwhich may be derived by the same construct include (a) quantum dynamical\nheterogeneities- a low temperature quantum analogue of dynamical\nheterogeneities known to exist in classical glasses and spin-glasses wherein\nthe local dynamics and temporal correlations are spatially non-uniform. I also\ndiscuss on a new class of quantum critical systems. In particular, I outline\n(b) the derivation of the quantum analogue of the zero temperature jamming\ntransition that has a non-trivial dynamical exponent. We very briefly comment\non (c) quantum liquid crystals.",
        "positive": "Microscopic Description of Yielding in Glass Based on Persistent\n  Homology: Persistent homology (PH) was applied to probe the structural changes of\nglasses under shear. PH associates each local atomistic structure in an\natomistic configuration to a geometric object, namely, a hole, and evaluates\nthe robustness of these holes against noise. We found that the microscopic\nstructures were qualitatively different before and after yielding. The\nstructures before yielding contained robust holes, the number of which\ndecreased after yielding. We also observed that the structures after yielding\napproached those of quickly quenched glass. This work demonstrates the crucial\nrole of robust holes in yielding and provides an interpretation based on\ngeometry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Elitzur's Theorem and Dimensional Reduction: We extend Elitzur's theorem to systems with symmetries intermediate between\nglobal and local. In general, our theorem formalizes the idea of {\\it\ndimensional reduction}. We apply the results of this generalization to many\nsystems that are of current interest. These include liquid crystalline phases\nof Quantum Hall systems, orbital systems, geometrically frustrated spin\nlattices, Bose metals, and models of superconducting arrays.",
        "positive": "Minibatch training of neural network ensembles via trajectory sampling: Most iterative neural network training methods use estimates of the loss\nfunction over small random subsets (or minibatches) of the data to update the\nparameters, which aid in decoupling the training time from the (often very\nlarge) size of the training datasets. Here, we show that a minibatch approach\ncan also be used to train neural network ensembles (NNEs) via trajectory\nmethods in a highly efficient manner. We illustrate this approach by training\nNNEs to classify images in the MNIST datasets. This method gives an improvement\nto the training times, allowing it to scale as the ratio of the size of the\ndataset to that of the average minibatch size which, in the case of MNIST,\ngives a computational improvement typically of two orders of magnitude. We\nhighlight the advantage of using longer trajectories to represent NNEs, both\nfor improved accuracy in inference and reduced update cost in terms of the\nsamples needed in minibatch updates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Autonomous Brownian motor driven by nonadiabatic variation of internal\n  parameters: We discuss an autonomous motor based on a Brownian particle driven from\nthermal equilibrium by periodic in time variation of the internal potential\nthrough which the particle interacts with molecules of the surrounding thermal\nbath. We demonstrate for such a motor the absence of a linear response regime:\nThe average driving force and drift velocity are shown to be quadratic in both\nthe frequency and amplitude of the variation. The adiabatic approximation (of\nan infinitely slow variation) and the leading correction to it (linear in the\nvariation's frequency) both lead to zero drift and are insufficient to describe\nthe motor's operation.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of muonium hydride: when dimensionality matters: We carry out a theoretical investigation of the low-temperature phase diagram\nof muonium hydride in two dimensions, using numerical simulations. It is shown\nthat the phase diagram of this substance is qualitatively different in two and\nthree dimensions. Specifically, while in three dimensions it has been shown to\nbe essentially identical to that of parahydrogen, i.e., only displaying a\nsingle (crystalline) phase, in two dimensions it is very similar to that of\nHe-4, with an equilibrium liquid phase that turns superfluid at a temperature\nas high as ~ 2.2 K, and that crystallizes under applied pressure. To our\nknowledge, this is the first well-described case of a condensed matter system\nwhose phase diagram is drastically altered by dimensional reduction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pair contact process with diffusion - A new type of nonequilibrium\n  critical behavior?: Recently Carlon et. al. investigated the critical behavior of the pair\ncontact process with diffusion [cond-mat/9912347]. Using density matrix\nrenormalization group methods, they estimate the critical exponents, raising\nthe possibility that the transition might belong to the same universality class\nas branching annihilating random walks with even numbers of offspring. This is\nsurprising since the model does not have an explicit parity-conserving\nsymmetry. In order to understand this contradiction, we estimate the critical\nexponents by Monte Carlo simulations. The results suggest that the transition\nmight belong to a different universality class that has not been investigated\nbefore.",
        "positive": "Heat transport in an ordered harmonic chain in presence of a uniform\n  magnetic field: We consider heat transport across a harmonic chain of charged particles, with\ntransverse degrees of freedom, in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. For\nan open chain connected to heat baths at the two ends we obtain the\nnonequilibrium Green's function expression for the heat current. This\nexpression involves two different Green's functions which can be identified as\ncorresponding respectively to scattering processes within or between the two\ntransverse waves. The presence of the magnetic field leads to two phonon bands\nof the isolated system and we show that the net transmission can be written as\na sum of two distinct terms attributable to the two bands. Exact expressions\nare obtained for the current in the thermodynamic limit, for the the cases of\nfree and fixed boundary conditions. In this limit, we find that at small\nfrequency $\\omega$, the effective transmission has the frequency-dependence\n$\\omega^{3/2}$ and $\\omega^{1/2}$ for fixed and free boundary conditions\nrespectively. This is in contrast to the zero magnetic field case where the\ntransmission has the dependence $\\omega^2$ and $\\omega^0$ for the two boundary\nconditions respectively, and can be understood as arising from the quadratic\nlow frequency phonon dispersion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of a single active slider on a fluctuating\n  interface: We study the statistical mechanics of a single active slider on a fluctuating\ninterface, by means of numerical simulations and theoretical arguments. The\nslider, which moves by definition towards the interface minima, is active as it\nalso stimulates growth of the interface. Even though such a particle has no\ncounterpart in thermodynamic systems, active sliders may provide a simple model\nfor ATP-dependent membrane proteins that activate cytoskeletal growth. We find\na wide range of dynamical regimes according to the ratio between the timescales\nassociated with the slider motion and the interface relaxation. If the\ninterface dynamics is slow, the slider behaves like a random walker in a random\nenvinronment which, furthermore, is able to escape environmental troughs by\nmaking them grow. This results in different dynamic exponens to the interface\nand the particle: the former behaves as an Edward-Wilkinson surface with\ndynamic exponent 2 whereas the latter has dynamic exponent 3/2. When the\ninterface is fast, we get sustained ballistic motion with the particle surfing\na membrane wave created by itself. However, if the interface relaxes\nimmediately (i.e., it is infinitely fast), particle motion becomes symmetric\nand goes back to diffusive. Due to such a rich phenomenology, we propose the\nactive slider as a toy model of fundamental interest in the field of active\nmembranes and, generally, whenever the system constituent can alter the\nenvironment by spending energy.",
        "positive": "Phase transition in the 2d random Potts model in the large-q limit: Phase transition in the two-dimensional $q$-state Potts model with random\nferromagnetic couplings in the large-q limit is conjectured to be described by\nthe isotropic version of the infinite randomness fixed point of the random\ntransverse-field Ising spin chain. This is supported by extensive numerical\nstudies with a combinatorial optimization algorithm giving estimates for the\ncritical exponents in accordance with the conjectured values:\n$\\beta=(3-\\sqrt{5})/4$, $\\beta_s=1/2$ and $\\nu=1$. The specific heat has a\nlogarithmic singularity, but at the transition point there are very strong\nsample-to-sample fluctuations. Discretized randomness results in\ndiscontinuities in the internal energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of Single-ion Anisotropy on Magnetocaloric Properties of\n  Frustrated Spin-$s$ Ising Nanoclusters: Effects of a single-ion anisotropy on magnetocaloric properties of selected\nspin-$s\\geq 1$ antiferromagnetic Ising clusters with frustration-inducing\ntriangular geometry are studied by exact enumeration. It is found that\ninclusion of the single-ion anisotropy parameter $D$ can result in a much more\ncomplex ground-state behavior, which is also reflected in a magnetocaloric\neffect (MCE) at finite temperatures. For negative $D$ (easy-plane anisotropy)\nwith increasing $s$ the ground-state magnetization as a function of the\nexternal field gradually shows increasing number of plateaus of various\nheights. Except for the cases of integer $s$ with $D < D_0 \\leq 0$, the first\nmagnetization plateau is of non-zero height. This property facilitates an\nenhanced MCE in the adiabatic demagnetization process in the form of an abrupt\ndecrease in temperature as the magnetic field vanishes to zero. The cooling\nrate can be considerably enhanced in the systems with larger $s$ and $D>0$\n(easy-axis anisotropy), albeit its dependence on these parameters is strongly\ndependent on the cluster geometry. From the studied systems more favorable\nconditions for observing a giant MCE were found in the 2CS cluster, consisting\nof two corner-sharing tetrahedra, the experimental realization of which could\nbe technologically used for efficient refrigeration to ultra-low temperatures.",
        "positive": "General continuum approach for dissipative systems of repulsive\n  particles: We propose a general coarse-graining method to derive a continuity equation\nthat describes any dissipative system of repulsive particles interacting\nthrough short-ranged potentials. In our approach, the effect of\nparticle-particle correlations is incorporated to the overall balance of\nenergy, and a non-linear diffusion equation is obtained to represent the\noverdamped dynamics. In particular, when the repulsive interaction potential is\na short-ranged power-law, our approach reveals a distinctive correspondence\nbetween particle-particle energy and the generalized thermostatistics of\nTsallis for any non-positive value of the entropic index q. Our methodology can\nalso be applied to microscopic models of superconducting vortices and complex\nplasma, where particle-particle correlations are pronounced at low\nconcentrations. The resulting continuum descriptions provide elucidating and\nuseful insights on the microdynamical behavior of these physical systems. The\nconsistency of our approach is demonstrated by comparison with molecular\ndynamics simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coherence phenomena: The basic notions related to coherence phenomena are formulated. Two types of\ncoherence are described, state coherence and transition coherence. Useful\ncharacteristics for quantifying coherence are defined, such as coherence\nfunctions, coherence radius, coherence length, and coherence time.",
        "positive": "An estimator of entropy production for partially accessible Markov\n  networks based on the observation of blurred transitions: A central task in stochastic thermodynamics is the estimation of entropy\nproduction for partially accessible Markov networks. We establish an effective\ntransition-based description for such networks with transitions that are not\ndistinguishable and therefore blurred for an external observer. We demonstrate\nthat, in contrast to a description based on fully resolved transitions, this\neffective description is typically non-Markovian at any point in time. Starting\nfrom an information-theoretic bound, we derive an operationally accessible\nentropy estimator for this observation scenario. We illustrate the operational\nrelevance and the quality of this entropy estimator with a numerical analysis\nof various representative examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hexagonal-Close-Packed Lattice: Phase Transition and Spin Transport: We study the ground state (GS) and the phase transition in a\nhexagonal-close-packed lattice with both XY and Ising models by using extensive\nMonte Carlo simulation. We suppose the in-plane interaction $J_1$ and\ninter-plane interaction $J_2$, both antiferromagnetic. The system is frustrated\nwith two kinds of GS configuration below and above a critical value of\n$\\eta=J_1/J_2$ ($\\eta_c$). For the Ising case, one has $\\eta_c=0.5$ which\nseparates in-plane ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states, while for the XY\ncase $\\eta_c=1/3$ separates the collinear and non collinear spin\nconfigurations. The phase transition is shown to be of first (second) order for\n$\\eta> (<) \\eta_c$. The spin resistivity is calculated for the Ising case. It\nshows a rounded maximum at the magnetic transition in the second-order region,\nand a discontinuity in the first-order region of $\\eta$.",
        "positive": "Violent relaxation in the Hamiltonian Mean Field model: I. Cold collapse\n  and effective dissipation: In $N$-body systems with long-range interactions mean-field effects dominate\nover binary interactions (collisions), so that relaxation to thermal\nequilibrium occurs on time scales that grow with $N$, diverging in the\n$N\\to\\infty$ limit. However, a faster and non-collisional relaxation process,\nreferred to as violent relaxation, sets in when starting from generic initial\nconditions: collective oscillations (referred to as virial oscillations)\ndevelop and damp out on timescales not depending on the system's size. After\nthe damping of such oscillations the system is found in a quasi-stationary\nstate that survives virtually forever when the system is very large. During\nviolent relaxation the distribution function obeys the collisionless Boltzmann\n(or Vlasov) equation, that, being invariant under time reversal, does not\n\"naturally\" describe a relaxation process. Indeed, the dynamics is moved to\nsmaller and smaller scales in phase space as time goes on, so that observables\nthat do not depend on small-scale details appear as relaxed after a short time.\nWe propose an approximation scheme to describe collisionless relaxation, based\non the introduction of moments of the distribution function, and apply it to\nthe Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model. To the leading order, virial\noscillations are equivalent to the motion of a particle in a one-dimensional\npotential. Inserting higher-order contributions in an effective way, inspired\nby the Caldeira-Leggett model of quantum dissipation, we derive a dissipative\nequation describing the damping of the oscillations, including a\nrenormalization of the effective potential and yielding predictions for\ncollective properties of the system after the damping in very good agreement\nwith numerical simulations. Here we restrict ourselves to \"cold\" initial\nconditions; generic initial conditions will be considered in a forthcoming\npaper."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetization plateaus and phase diagrams of the extended Ising model on\n  the Shastry-Sutherland lattice: Effects of long-range interactions: Magnetization plateaus and phase diagrams of the extended Ising model on the\nShastry-Sutherland lattice with the first $(J_1)$, second $(J_2)$, third\n$(J_3)$ fourth $(J_4)$ and fifth $(J_5)$ nearest-neighbour spin couplings are\nstudied by the classical Monte Carlo method. It is shown that switching on\n$J_4$ and $J_5$ interactions (in addition to usually considered $J_1, J_2$ and\n$J_3$ interactions) changes significantly the picture of magnetization\nprocesses found for $J_4=J_5=0$ and leads to stabilization of new macroscopic\nmagnetic phases (plateaus) with fractional magnetization. In particular, it is\nfound that combined effects of $J_4$ and $J_5$ interactions generate the\nfollowing sequence of plateaus with the fractional magnetization: $m/m_s$=1/9,\n1/6, 2/9, 1/3, 4/9, 1/2, 5/9 and 2/3. The results obtained are consistent with\nexperimental measurements of magnetization curves in selected rare-earth\ntetraborides.",
        "positive": "Controlling particle currents with evaporation and resetting from an\n  interval: We investigate the Brownian diffusion of particles in one spatial dimension\nand in the presence of finite regions within which particles can either\nevaporate or be reset to a given location. For open boundary conditions, we\nhighlight the appearance of a Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion: at long\ntimes, the particle distribution is non-Gaussian but its variance grows\nlinearly in time. Moreover, we show that the effective diffusion coefficient of\nthe particles in such systems is bounded from below by $(1-2/\\pi)$ times their\nbare diffusion coefficient. For periodic boundary conditions, i.e., for\ndiffusion on a ring with resetting, we demonstrate a \"gauge invariance\" of the\nspatial particle distribution for different choices of the resetting\nprobability currents, in both stationary and non-stationary regimes. Finally,\nwe apply our findings to a stochastic biophysical model for the motion of RNA\npolymerases during transcriptional pauses, deriving analytically the\ndistribution of the length of cleaved RNA transcripts and the efficiency of RNA\ncleavage in backtrack recovery."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Combinatorial Entropies and Statistics: We examine the {combinatorial} or {probabilistic} definition (\"Boltzmann's\nprinciple\") of the entropy or cross-entropy function $H \\propto \\ln \\mathbb{W}$\nor $D \\propto - \\ln \\mathbb{P}$, where $\\mathbb{W}$ is the statistical weight\nand $\\mathbb{P}$ the probability of a given realization of a system.\nExtremisation of $H$ or $D$, subject to any constraints, thus selects the \"most\nprobable\" (MaxProb) realization. If the system is multinomial, $D$ converges\nasymptotically (for number of entities $N \\back \\to \\back \\infty$) to the\nKullback-Leibler cross-entropy $D_{KL}$; for equiprobable categories in a\nsystem, $H$ converges to the Shannon entropy $H_{Sh}$. However, in many cases\n$\\mathbb{W}$ or $\\mathbb{P}$ is not multinomial and/or does not satisfy an\nasymptotic limit. Such systems cannot meaningfully be analysed with $D_{KL}$ or\n$H_{Sh}$, but can be analysed directly by MaxProb. This study reviews several\nexamples, including (a) non-asymptotic systems; (b) systems with\nindistinguishable entities (quantum statistics); (c) systems with\nindistinguishable categories; (d) systems represented by urn models, such as\n\"neither independent nor identically distributed\" (ninid) sampling; and (e)\nsystems representable in graphical form, such as decision trees and networks.\nBoltzmann's combinatorial definition of entropy is shown to be of greater\nimportance for {\"probabilistic inference\"} than the axiomatic definition used\nin information theory.",
        "positive": "A General Approach to the Investigation of Soft Materials by Statistical\n  thermodynamics Formalism: In this study, internal energy (U), electric field (E) and particle number\n(N) which specify the system quantities i.e. thermodynamical quantities for the\nproteins. In the frame of thermodynamical formalism, the relation between the\nheat capacity at effective field and the heat capacity at total dipole moment\nand the relations for the increment of enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy which\ncome out in the dissolving of the proteins in water have been obtained. By\nthinking about the present system being in the heat bath the canonical\ndistribution function, by considering the system in heat and electric field\nbath the macro canonical distribution function and once more by taking the\nsystem in heat and particle number bath the macro canonical distribution\nfunction have been calculated. Partition functions have been related to the\nmacro canonical quantities with the help of the free energy. Understanding the\nstructure of the proteins have been endeavoured by fitting the theoretical\ncalculations to the curves of experimental results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Integration of Quantum, Statistical, and Irreversible Thermodynamics in\n  A Coherent Framework: The combined law of thermodynamics derived by Gibbs laid the foundation of\nthermodynamics though only applicable to systems without internal processes.\nGibbs further derived the classical statistical thermodynamics in terms of the\nprobability of configurations in a system, which was extended to quantum\nmechanics-based statistical thermodynamics by Landau, while the irreversible\nthermodynamics was systemized by Onsager and expanded to chemical reactions by\nPrigogine. The development of density function theory (DFT) by Kohn enabled the\nquantitative prediction of properties of the ground-state configuration of a\nsystem from quantum mechanics. Here, we will present our theories that\nintegrate quantum, statistical, and irreversible thermodynamics in a coherent\nframework by utilizing the predicative capability of DFT to revise the\nstatistical thermodynamics (zentropy theory) and by keeping the entropy\nproduction due to irreversible processes in the combine law of thermodynamics\nto derive flux equations (theory of cross phenomena). The zentropy theory is\nshown capable of predicting the free energy landscape including singularity and\ninstability at critical point and emergent positive or negative divergences of\nproperties. The theory of cross phenomena can predict the coefficients of\ninternal processes between conjugate variables (direct phenomena) and\nnon-conjugate variables (cross phenomena) in the combined law of\nthermodynamics. Both are with inputs from DFT-based calculations only and\nwithout fitting parameters.",
        "positive": "Taylor dispersion with absorbing boundaries: A Stochastic Approach: We describe how to solve the problem of Taylor dispersion in the presence of\nabsorbing boundaries using an exact stochastic formulation. In addition to\nproviding a clear stochastic picture of Taylor dispersion, our method leads to\nclosed-form expressions for all the moments of the convective displacement of\nthe dispersing particles in terms of the transverse diffusion eigenmodes. We\nalso find that the cumulants grow asymptotically linearly with time, ensuring a\nGaussian distribution in the long-time limit. As a demonstration of the\ntechnique, the first two longitudinal cumulants (yielding respectively the\neffective velocity and the Taylor diffusion constant) as well as the skewness\n(a measure of the deviation from normality) are calculated for fluid flow in\nthe parallel plate geometry. We find that the effective velocity and the\nskewness (which is negative in this case) are enhanced while Taylor dispersion\nis suppressed due to absorption at the boundary."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distribution of the least-squares estimators of a single Brownian\n  trajectory diffusion coefficient: In this paper we study the distribution function $P(u_{\\alpha})$ of the\nestimators $u_{\\alpha} \\sim T^{-1} \\int^T_0 \\, \\omega(t) \\, {\\bf B}^2_{t} \\,\ndt$, which optimise the least-squares fitting of the diffusion coefficient\n$D_f$ of a single $d$-dimensional Brownian trajectory ${\\bf B}_{t}$. We pursue\nhere the optimisation further by considering a family of weight functions of\nthe form $\\omega(t) = (t_0 + t)^{-\\alpha}$, where $t_0$ is a time lag and\n$\\alpha$ is an arbitrary real number, and seeking such values of $\\alpha$ for\nwhich the estimators most efficiently filter out the fluctuations. We calculate\n$P(u_{\\alpha})$ exactly for arbitrary $\\alpha$ and arbitrary spatial dimension\n$d$, and show that only for $\\alpha = 2$ the distribution $P(u_{\\alpha})$\nconverges, as $\\epsilon = t_0/T \\to 0$, to the Dirac delta-function centered at\nthe ensemble average value of the estimator. This allows us to conclude that\nonly the estimators with $\\alpha = 2$ possess an ergodic property, so that the\nensemble averaged diffusion coefficient can be obtained with any necessary\nprecision from a single trajectory data, but at the expense of a progressively\nhigher experimental resolution. For any $\\alpha \\neq 2$ the distribution\nattains, as $\\epsilon \\to 0$, a certain limiting form with a finite variance,\nwhich signifies that such estimators are not ergodic.",
        "positive": "Exploring chaos in Dicke Model using ground state fidelity and Loschmidt\n  echo: We study the quantum critical behaviour of the Dicke Hamiltonian, with finite\nnumber of atoms and explore the signature of quantum chaos using measures like\nthe ground state fidelity and the Loschmidt echo. We show that both these\nquantities clearly point to the chaotic nature of the system in the\nsuper-radiant phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Infinite Shannon entropy: Even if a probability distribution is properly normalizable, its associated\nShannon (or von Neumann) entropy can easily be infinite. We carefully analyze\nconditions under which this phenomenon can occur. Roughly speaking, this\nhappens when arbitrarily small amounts of probability are dispersed into an\ninfinite number of states; we shall quantify this observation and make it\nprecise. We develop several particularly simple, elementary, and useful bounds,\nand also provide some asymptotic estimates, leading to necessary and sufficient\nconditions for the occurrence of infinite Shannon entropy. We go to some effort\nto keep technical computations as simple and conceptually clear as possible. In\nparticular, we shall see that large entropies cannot be localized in state\nspace; large entropies can only be supported on an exponentially large number\nof states. We are for the time being interested in single-channel Shannon\nentropy in the information theoretic sense, not entropy in a stochastic field\ntheory or QFT defined over some configuration space, on the grounds that this\nsimple problem is a necessary precursor to understanding infinite entropy in a\nfield theoretic context.",
        "positive": "Perturbative Quantum Monte Carlo Study of LiHoF4 in a Transverse\n  Magnetic Field: P.B. Chakraborty {\\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. B {\\bf 70}, 144411 (2004)) study of\nthe LiHoF$_4$ Ising magnetic material in an external transverse magnetic field\n$B_x$ show a discrepancy with the experimental results, even for small $B_x$\nwhere quantum fluctuations are small. This discrepancy persists asymptotically\nclose to the classical ferromagnet to paramagnet phase transition. In this\npaper, we numerically reinvestigate the temperature $T$, versus transverse\nfield phase diagram of LiHoF$_4$ in the regime of weak $B_x$. In this regime,\nstarting from an effective low-energy spin-1/2 description of LiHoF$_4$, we\napply a cumulant expansion to derive an effective temperature-dependent\nclassical Hamiltonian that incorporates perturbatively the small quantum\nfluctuations in the vicinity of the classical phase transition at $B_x=0$. Via\nthis effective classical Hamiltonian, we study the $B_x-T$ phase diagram via\nclassical Monte Carlo simulations. In particular, we investigate the influence\non the phase diagram of various effects that may be at the source of the\ndiscrepancy between the previous QMC results and the experimental ones. For\nexample, we consider two different ways of handling the long-range\ndipole-dipole interactions and explore how the $B_x-T$ phase diagram is\nmodified when using different microscopic crystal field Hamiltonians. The main\nconclusion of our work is that we fully reproduce the previous QMC results at\nsmall $B_x$. Unfortunately, none of the modifications to the microscopic\nHamiltonian that we explore are able to provide a $B_x-T$ phase diagram\ncompatible with the experiments in the small semi-classical $B_x$ regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kramers equation and supersymmetry: Hamilton's equations with noise and friction possess a hidden supersymmetry,\nvalid for time-independent as well as periodically time-dependent systems. It\nis used to derive topological properties of critical points and periodic\ntrajectories in an elementary way. From a more practical point of view, the\nformalism provides new tools to study the reaction paths in systems with\nseparated time scales. A 'reduced current' which contains the relevant part of\nthe phase space probability current is introduced, together with strategies for\nits computation.",
        "positive": "Analysing kinetic transition networks for rare events: The graph transformation approach is a recently proposed method for computing\nmean first passage times, rates, and committor probabilities for kinetic\ntransition networks. Here we compare the performance to existing linear algebra\nmethods, focusing on large, sparse networks. We show that graph transformation\nprovides a much more robust framework, succeeding when numerical precision\nissues cause the other methods to fail completely. These are precisely the\nsituations that correspond to rare event dynamics for which the graph\ntransformation was introduced."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlated percolation and the correlated resistor network: We present some exact results on percolation properties of the Ising model,\nwhen the range of the percolating bonds is larger than nearest-neighbors. We\nshow that for a percolation range to next-nearest neighbors the percolation\nthreshold Tp is still equal to the Ising critical temperature Tc, and present\nthe phase diagram for this type of percolation. In addition, we present Monte\nCarlo calculations of the finite size behavior of the correlated resistor\nnetwork defined on the Ising model. The thermal exponent t of the conductivity\nthat follows from it is found to be t = 0.2000 +- 0.0007. We observe no\ncorrections to scaling in its finite size behavior.",
        "positive": "Small-world networks: Evidence for a crossover picture: Watts and Strogatz [Nature 393, 440 (1998)] have recently introduced a model\nfor disordered networks and reported that, even for very small values of the\ndisorder $p$ in the links, the network behaves as a small-world. Here, we test\nthe hypothesis that the appearance of small-world behavior is not a\nphase-transition but a crossover phenomenon which depends both on the network\nsize $n$ and on the degree of disorder $p$. We propose that the average\ndistance $\\ell$ between any two vertices of the network is a scaling function\nof $n / n^*$. The crossover size $n^*$ above which the network behaves as a\nsmall-world is shown to scale as $n^*(p \\ll 1) \\sim p^{-\\tau}$ with $\\tau\n\\approx 2/3$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractality and Topology of Self-Avoiding Walks: We have analyzed geometric and topological features of self-avoiding walks.\nWe introduce a new kind of walk: the loop-deleted self-avoiding walk (LDSAW)\nmotivated by the interaction of chromatin with the nuclear lamina. Its critical\nexponent is calculated and found to be different from that of the ordinary SAW.\nTaking the walks as point-clouds, the LDSAW is a subset of the SAW. We study\nthe difference between the LDSAW and SAW by comparing their fractal dimensions\nand growth rates of the Betti number. In addition, the spatial distribution of\nthe contacts inside a SAW, which is also a subset of SAW, is analyzed following\nthe same routine. The results show that the contact-cloud has a multi-fractal\nproperty and different growth rates for the Betti number. Finally, for\ncomparison, we have analyzed random subsets of the SAW, showing them to have\nthe same fractal dimension as the SAW.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium dynamics in amorphous Si3B3N7: We present numerical investigations of the dynamics on the energy landscape\nof a realistic model of the high-temperature ceramic a-Si3B3N7. Below a\ncritical temperature Tc = 2000 K, the system is no longer in equilibrium, and\nwe predict that the material has a glass transition in this temperature range\nat high pressure. Analyzing the two-time energy correlation function shows\naging in this system, which is linked to the geometrical properties of the\nenergy landscape."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Zeroth Law in Quantum Thermodynamics at Strong Coupling: `in\n  Equilibrium', not `Equal Temperature': The zeroth law of thermodynamics involves a transitivity relation (pairwise\nbetween three objects) expressed either in terms of `equal temperature' (ET),\nor `in equilibrium' (EQ) conditions. In conventional thermodynamics conditional\non vanishingly weak system-bath coupling these two conditions are commonly\nregarded as equivalent. In this work we show that for thermodynamics at strong\ncoupling they are inequivalent: namely, two systems can be in equilibrium and\nyet have different effective temperatures. A recent result \\cite{NEqFE} for\nGaussian quantum systems shows that an effective temperature $T^{*}$ can be\ndefined at all times during a system's nonequilibrium evolution, but because of\nthe inclusion of interaction energy, after equilibration the system's $T^*$ is\nslightly higher than the bath temperature $T_{\\textsc{b}}$, with the deviation\ndepending on the coupling. A second object coupled with a different strength\nwith an identical bath at temperature $T_{\\textsc{b}}$ will not have the same\nequilibrated temperature as the first object. Thus $ET \\neq EQ $ for strong\ncoupling thermodynamics. We then investigate the conditions for dynamical\nequilibration for two objects 1 and 2 strongly coupled with a common bath $B$,\neach with a different equilibrated effective temperature. We show this is\npossible, and prove the existence of a generalized fluctuation-dissipation\nrelation under this configuration. This affirms that `in equilibrium' is a\nvalid and perhaps more fundamental notion which the zeroth law for quantum\nthermodynamics at strong coupling should be based on. Only when the system-bath\ncoupling becomes vanishingly weak that `temperature' appearing in thermodynamic\nrelations becomes universally defined and makes better physical sense.",
        "positive": "Coalescence of particles by differential sedimentation: We consider a three dimensional system consisting of a large number of small\nspherical particles, distributed in a range of sizes and heights (with uniform\ndistribution in the horizontal direction). Particles move vertically at a\nsize-dependent terminal velocity. They are either allowed to merge whenever\nthey cross or there is a size ratio criterion enforced to account for collision\nefficiency. Such a system may be described, in mean field approximation, by the\nSmoluchowski kinetic equation with a differential sedimentation kernel, used to\nstudy e.g. rain initiation and particle distributions in the atmosphere. We\nsolve the kinetic equation analytically to obtain steady state and self-similar\nsolutions in time and in height, using methods borrowed from weak turbulence\ntheory. Analytical results are compared with direct numerical simulations (DNS)\nof moving and merging particles, and a good agreement is found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Determination of the Nonequilibrium Steady State Emerging from a Defect: We consider the non-equilibrium time evolution of a translationally invariant\nstate under a Hamiltonian with a localized defect. We discern the situations\nwhere a light-cone spreads out from the defect and separates the system into\nregions with macroscopically different properties. We identify the light-cone\nand propose a procedure to obtain a (quasi-)stationary state describing the\nlate time dynamics of local observables. As an explicit example, we study the\ntime evolution generated by the Hamiltonian of the transverse-field Ising chain\nwith a local defect that cuts the interaction between two sites (a quench of\nthe boundary conditions alongside a global quench). We solve the dynamics\nexactly and show that the late time properties can be obtained with the general\nmethod proposed.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo Study of the Spin Transport in Magnetic Materials: The resistivity in magnetic materials has been theoretically shown to depend\non the spin-spin correlation function which in turn depends on the\nmagnetic-field, the density of conduction electron, the magnetic ordering\nstability, etc. However, these theories involved a lot of approximations, so\ntheir validity remained to be confirmed. The purpose of this work is to show by\nextensive Monte Carlo (MC) simulation the resistivity of the spin current from\nlow-$T$ ordered phase to high-$T$ paramagnetic phase in a ferromagnetic film.\nWe take into account the interaction between the itinerant spins and the\nlocalized lattice spins as well as the interaction between itinerant spins\nthemselves. We show that the resistivity undergoes an anomalous behavior at the\nmagnetic phase transition in agreement with previous theories in spite of their\nnumerous approximations. The origin of the resistivity peak near the phase\ntransition in ferromagnets is interpreted here as stemming from the existence\nof magnetic domains in the critical region. This interpretation is shown to be\nin consistence with previous theoretical pictures. Resistivity in a simple\ncubic antiferromagnet is also shown. The absence of a peak in this case is\nexplained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic variational relation: In systems far from equilibrium, the statistics of observables are connected\nto entropy production, leading to the Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation (TUR).\nHowever, the derivation of TURs often involves constraining the parity of\nobservables, such as considering asymmetric currents, making it unsuitable for\nthe general case. We propose a Thermodynamic Variational Relation (TVR) between\nthe statistics of general observables and entropy production, based on the\nvariational representation of $f$-divergences. From this result, we derive a\nuniversal TUR and other relations for higher-order statistics of observables.",
        "positive": "Tracer particle diffusion in a system with hardcore interacting\n  particles: In this study, inspired by the work of K. Nakazato and K. Kitahara [Prog.\nTheor. Phys. 64, 2261 (1980)], we consider the theoretical problem of tracer\nparticle diffusion in an environment of diffusing hardcore interacting crowder\nparticles. The tracer particle has a different diffusion constant from the\ncrowder particles. Based on a transformation of the generating function, we\nprovide an exact formal expansion for the tracer particle probability density,\nvalid for any lattice in the thermodynamic limit. By applying this formal\nsolution to dynamics on regular Bravais lattices we provide a closed form\napproximation for the tracer particle diffusion constant which extends the\nNakazato and Kitahara results to include also b.c.c. and f.c.c. lattices.\nFinally, we compare our analytical results to simulations in two and three\ndimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-particle self-consistency beyond the extensive and integrable\n  assumption: Thermalization in perspective of the system localization without\n  a lowest energy state: In a generic random system, the coexistence of extended and localized states\ncan be evidenced by the subextensive width of energy distribution of a physical\ninitial state in, for example, the quantum quenches which involving the local\nHamiltonian. The robust thermalization is also evidenced in terms of the\nmicroscopic canonical ensemble average in the thermalization limit[14], which\nsatisfies the weak ETH. Here we provide another pespective that considering the\nlocal conservation of an nonintegrable system as the stubborn correlations\nbetween the three kinds of decompositions for the four-point functions, which\ncan be regarded as the elements in a product of the self-energy and Green\nfunction matrices (i.e., the two-particle correlations in Kadanoff and Baym\nnotation[5]).",
        "positive": "Dislocation-Mediated Melting in Superfluid Vortex Lattices: We describe thermal melting of the two-dimensional vortex lattice in a\nrotating superfluid by generalizing the Halperin and Nelson theory of\ndislocation-mediated melting. and derive a melting temperature proportional to\nthe renormalized shear modulus of the vortex lattice. The rigid-body rotation\nof the superfluid attenuates the effects of lattice compression on the energy\nof dislocations and hence the melting temperature, while not affecting the\nshearing. Finally, we discuss dislocations and thermal melting in inhomogeneous\nrapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates; we delineate a phase diagram in the\ntemperature -- rotation rate plane, and infer that the thermal melting\ntemperature should lie below the Bose-Einstein transition temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Compact Waves in Microscopic Nonlinear Diffusion: We analyze the spread of a localized peak of energy into vacuum for nonlinear\ndiffusive processes. In contrast with standard diffusion, the nonlinearity\nresults in a compact wave with a sharp front separating the perturbed region\nfrom vacuum. In $d$ spatial dimensions, the front advances as $t^{1/(2+da)}$\naccording to hydrodynamics, with $a$ the nonlinearity exponent. We show that\nfluctuations in the front position grow as $\\sim t^{\\mu} \\eta$, where\n$\\mu<1/(2+da)$ is a new exponent that we measure and $\\eta$ is a random\nvariable whose distribution we characterize. Fluctuating corrections to\nhydrodynamic profiles give rise to an excess penetration into vacuum, revealing\nscaling behaviors and robust features. We also examine the discharge of a\nnonlinear rarefaction wave into vacuum. Our results suggest the existence of\nuniversal scaling behaviors at the fluctuating level in nonlinear diffusion.",
        "positive": "Low-temperature specific heat of real crystals: Possibility of leading\n  contribution of optical and short-wavelength acoustical vibrations: We point out that the repeatedly reported glass-like properties of\ncrystalline materials are not necessarily associated with localized (or\nquasilocalized) excitations. In real crystals, optical and short-wavelength\nacoustical vibrations remain damped due to defects down to zero temperature. If\nsuch a damping is frequency-independent, e.g. due to planar defects or charged\ndefects, these optical and short-wavelength acoustical vibrations yield a\nlinear-in-$T$ contribution to the low-temperature specific heat of the crystal\nlattices. At low enough temperatures such a contribution will prevail over that\nof the long-wavelength acoustical vibrations (Debye contribution). The\ncrossover between the linear and the Debye regime takes place at $T^* \\propto\n\\sqrt N$, where $N$ is the concentration of the defects responsible for the\ndamping. Estimates show that this crossover could be observable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise and diffusion of particles obeying asymmetric exclusion processes: The relation between noise and Fick's diffusion coefficient in barrier\nlimited transport associated with hopping or tunneling mechanisms of particles\nobeying the asymmetric simple exclusion processes (ASEP) is physically assessed\nby Monte Carlo simulations. For a closed ring consisting of a large number of\nbarriers the diffusion coefficient is related explicitly to the current noise\nthus revealing the existence of a generalized Nyquist-Einstein relation. Both\ndiffusion and noise are confirmed to decrease as the square root of the number\nof barriers as a consequence of the correlation induced by ASEP. By contrast,\nfor an open linear chain of barriers the diffusion coefficient is found to be\nno longer related to current noise. Here diffusion depends on particle\nconcentration but is independent of the number of barriers.",
        "positive": "Entanglement negativity in the critical Ising chain: We study the scaling of the traces of the integer powers of the partially\ntransposed reduced density matrix and of the entanglement negativity for two\nspin blocks as function of their length and separation in the critical Ising\nchain. For two adjacent blocks, we show that tensor network calculations agree\nwith universal conformal field theory (CFT) predictions. In the case of two\ndisjoint blocks the CFT predictions are recovered only after taking into\naccount the finite size corrections induced by the finite length of the blocks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glass transition in fullerenes: mode-coupling theory predictions: We report idealized mode-coupling theory results for the glass transition of\nensembles of model fullerenes interacting via phenomenological two-body\npotentials. Transition lines are found for C60, C70 and C96 in the\ntemperature-density plane. We argue that the observed glass-transition behavior\nis indicative of kinetic arrest that is strongly driven by the inter-particle\nattraction in addition to excluded-volume repulsion. In this respect, these\nsystems differ from most standard glass-forming liquids. They feature arrest\nthat occurs at lower densities and that is stronger than would be expected for\nrepulsion-dominated hard-sphere-like or Lennard-Jones-like systems. The\ninfluence of attraction increases with increasing the number of carbon atoms\nper molecule. However, unrealistically large fullerenes would be needed to\nyield behavior reminiscent of recently investigated model colloids with strong\nshort-ranged attraction (glass-glass transitions and logarithmic decay of\ntime-correlation functions).",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics of the minimum vertex cover problem in stochastic\n  block models: The minimum vertex cover (Min-VC) problem is a well-known NP-hard problem.\nEarlier studies illustrate that the problem defined over the\nErd\\\"{o}s-R\\'{e}nyi random graph with a mean degree $c$ exhibits computational\ndifficulty in searching the Min-VC set above a critical point $c = e = 2.718\n\\ldots$. Here, we address how this difficulty is influenced by the mesoscopic\nstructures of graphs. For this, we evaluate the critical condition of\ndifficulty for the stochastic block model. We perform a detailed examination of\nthe specific cases of two equal-size communities characterized by in- and out-\ndegrees, which are denoted by $c_{\\rm in}$ and $c_{\\rm out}$, respectively. Our\nanalysis based on the cavity method indicates that the solution search becomes\ndifficult when $c_{\\rm in }+c_{\\rm out} > e$, but becomes easy again when\n$c_{\\text{out}}$ is sufficiently larger than $c_{\\mathrm{in}}$ in the region\n$c_{\\rm out}>e$. Experiments based on various search algorithms support the\ntheoretical prediction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comptes Rendus Physique Issue on Coarsening Dynamics: This is the list of original contributions to the Comptes Rendus Physique\nIssue on Coarsening Dynamics (Vol. 16, Issue 3, 2015).",
        "positive": "Fractional Systems and Fractional Bogoliubov Hierarchy Equations: We consider the fractional generalizations of the phase volume, volume\nelement and Poisson brackets. These generalizations lead us to the fractional\nanalog of the phase space. We consider systems on this fractional phase space\nand fractional analogs of the Hamilton equations. The fractional generalization\nof the average value is suggested. The fractional analogs of the Bogoliubov\nhierarchy equations are derived from the fractional Liouville equation. We\ndefine the fractional reduced distribution functions. The fractional analog of\nthe Vlasov equation and the Debye radius are considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Money and Goldstone modes: Why is ``worthless'' fiat money generally accepted as payment for goods and\nservices? In equilibrium theory, the value of money is generally not\ndetermined: the number of equations is one less than the number of unknowns, so\nonly relative prices are determined. In the language of mathematics, the\nequations are ``homogeneous of order one''. Using the language of physics, this\nrepresents a continuous ``Goldstone'' symmetry. However, the continuous\nsymmetry is often broken by the dynamics of the system, thus fixing the value\nof the otherwise undetermined variable. In economics, the value of money is a\nstrategic variable which each agent must determine at each transaction by\nestimating the effect of future interactions with other agents. This idea is\nillustrated by a simple network model of monopolistic vendors and buyers, with\nbounded rationality. We submit that dynamical, spontaneous symmetry breaking is\nthe fundamental principle for fixing the value of money. Perhaps the continuous\nsymmetry representing the lack of restoring force is also the fundamental\nreason for large fluctuations in stock markets.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium steady state of trapped active particles: We consider an overdamped particle with a general physical mechanism that\ncreates noisy active movement (e.g., a run-and-tumble particle or active\nBrownian particle etc.), that is confined by an external potential. Focusing on\nthe limit in which the correlation time $\\tau$ of the active noise is small, we\nfind the nonequilibrium steady-state distribution\n$P_{\\text{st}}\\left(\\mathbf{X}\\right)$ of the particle's position $\\mathbf{X}$.\nWhile typical fluctuations of $\\mathbf{X}$ follow a Boltzmann distribution with\nan effective temperature that is not difficult to find, the tails of\n$P_{\\text{st}}\\left(\\mathbf{X}\\right)$ deviate from a Boltzmann behavior: In\nthe limit $\\tau \\to 0$, they scale as $P_{\\text{st}}\\left(\\mathbf{X}\\right)\\sim\ne^{-s\\left(\\mathbf{X}\\right)/\\tau}$. We calculate the large-deviation function\n$s\\left(\\mathbf{X}\\right)$ exactly for arbitrary trapping potential and active\nnoise in dimension $d=1$, by relating it to the rate function that describes\nlarge deviations of the position of the same active particle in absence of an\nexternal potential at long times. We then extend our results to $d>1$ assuming\nrotational symmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy fluctuations and the ensemble equivalence in Tsallis statistics: We investigate the general property of the energy fluctuation for the\ncanonical ensemble in Tsallis statistics and the ensemble equivalence. By\ntaking the ideal gas and the non-interacting harmonic oscillators as examples,\nwe show that, when the particle number N is large enough, the relative\nfluctuation of the energy is proportional to 1/N in the new statistics, instead\nof square root of 1/N in Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. Thus the equivalence\nbetween the microcanonical and the canonical ensemble still holds in Tsallis\nstatistics.",
        "positive": "Dissipation and Vortex Creation in Bose-Einstein Condensed Gases: We solve the Gross-Pitaevskii equation to study energy transfer from an\noscillating `object' to a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate. Two regimes are\nfound: for object velocities below a critical value, energy is transferred by\nexcitation of phonons at the motion extrema; while above the critical velocity,\nenergy transfer is via vortex formation. The second regime corresponds to\nsignificantly enhanced heating, in agreement with a recent experiment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interplay between Markovianity and Progressive Quenching: Progressive quenching (PQ) is a process in which we sequentially fix a\nsystem's degrees of freedom, which would otherwise evolve according to their\nstochastic dynamics. Previous studies have discovered what we refer to as the\nhidden martingale property in PQ. Here, we first attribute this martingale\nproperty to the canonicity of the two-layer ensemble comprising quenched and\nthermal ensembles and demonstrate that the Markovian property, coupled with the\ndetailed balance (DB) of the evolution dynamics, underpins this canonicity. We\nthen expand the PQ to the Markovian dynamics on the transition network where\nthe DB is locally upheld. Additionally, we examine the PQ of the systems that\nevolve through non-Markovian dynamics between consecutive quenching. When\nnon-Markovian dynamics ensure a trajectory-wise DB, such as in an equilibrium\nspin system with a hidden part, the PQ can occasionally maintain the canonical\nstructure of the overall statistical ensemble, but not always. Lastly, we\nanalytically and numerically investigate the PQ of a non-Markovian spin system\nwith delayed interaction and illustrate how the reduction of spin correlations\ndue to the delay can be compensated by the PQ.",
        "positive": "Effective temperatures in inhomogeneous passive and active bidimensional\n  Brownian particle systems: We study the stationary dynamics of an active interacting Brownian particle\nsystem. We measure the violations of the fluctuation dissipation theorem, and\nthe corresponding effective temperature, in a locally resolved way. Quite\nnaturally, in the homogeneous phases the diffusive properties and effective\ntemperature are also homogeneous. Instead, in the inhomogeneous phases (close\nto equilibrium and within the MIPS sector) the particles can be separated in\ntwo groups with different diffusion properties and effective temperatures.\nNotably, at fixed activity strength the effective temperatures in the two\nphases remain distinct and approximately constant within the MIPS region, with\nvalues corresponding to the ones of the whole system at the boundaries of this\nsector of the phase diagram. We complement the study of the globally averaged\nproperties with the theoretical and numerical characterization of the\nfluctuation distributions of the single particle diffusion, linear response,\nand effective temperature in the homogeneous and inhomogeneous phases. We also\ndistinguish the behavior of the (time-delayed) effective temperature from the\n(instantaneous) kinetic temperature, showing that the former is independent on\nthe friction coefficient."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reversible Random Sequential Adsorption of Dimers on a Triangular\n  Lattice: We report on simulations of reversible random sequential adsorption of dimers\non three different lattices: a one-dimensional lattice, a two-dimensional\ntriangular lattice, and a two-dimensional triangular lattice with the nearest\nneighbors excluded. In addition to the adsorption of particles at a rate K+, we\nallow particles to leave the surface at a rate K-. The results from the\none-dimensional lattice model agree with previous results for the continuous\nparking lot model. In particular, the long-time behavior is dominated by\ncollective events involving two particles. We were able to directly confirm the\nimportance of two-particle events in the simple two-dimensional triangular\nlattice. For the two-dimensional triangular lattice with the nearest neighbors\nexcluded, the observed dynamics are consistent with this picture. The\ntwo-dimensional simulations were motivated by measurements of Ca++ binding to\nLangmuir monolayers. The two cases were chosen to model the effects of changing\npH in the experimental system.",
        "positive": "Universal terms in the overlap of the ground state of the spin-1/2 XXZ\n  chain with the N\u00e9el state: We analyze universal terms that appear in the large system size scaling of\nthe overlap between the N\\'eel state and the ground state of the spin-1/2 XXZ\nchain in the antiferromagnetic regime. In a critical theory, the order one term\nof the asymptotics of such an overlap may be expressed in terms of $g$-factors,\nknown in the context of boundary conformal field theory. In particular, for the\nXXZ model in its gapless phase, this term provides access to the Luttinger\nparameter. In its gapped phase, on the other hand, the order one term simply\nreflects the symmetry broken nature of the phase. In order to study the large\nsystem size scaling of this overlap analytically and to compute the order one\nterm exactly, we use a recently derived finite-size determinant formula and\nperform an asymptotic expansion. Our analysis confirms the predictions of\nboundary conformal field theory and enables us to determine the exponent of the\nleading finite-size correction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classification and discussion of macroscopic entropy production\n  principles: In this article a classification of some proposed macroscopic entropy\nproduction (MEP) principles is given. With the help of simple electrical\nnetwork models, at least six interesting and most used principles are\ndistinguished: the least dissipation, the near-equilibrium (linear) minimum\nentropy production (MinEP), the near-equilibrium (linear) maximum entropy\nproduction (MaxEP), the far-from-equilibrium (non-linear) non-variational\nMaxEP, the far-from equilibrium variational MaxEP and the optimization MinEP.\nWith this framework, the different assumptions, regions of validity,\nconstraints and applications are explained, as well as their theoretical\nproofs, counterexamples or experimental verifications. The examples will be\nkept as simple as possible, in order to focus more on the concepts instead of\nthe technicalities. By better defining the settings of the principles, this\nclassification sheds some new light on some principles, and new ideas for\nfuture research are presented, especially for the more recent\nfar-from-equilibrium principles.",
        "positive": "Driven flow with exclusion and transport in graphene-like structures: The totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP), a well-known model\nin its strictly one-dimensional (chain) version, is generalized to cylinder\n(nanotube) and ribbon (nanoribbon) geometries. A mean-field theoretical\ndescription is given for very narrow ribbons (\"necklaces\"), and nanotubes. For\nspecific configurations of bond transmissivity rates, and for a variety of\nboundary conditions, theory predicts equivalent steady state behavior between\n(sublattices on) these structures and chains. This is verified by numerical\nsimulations, to excellent accuracy, by evaluating steady-state currents. We\nalso numerically treat ribbons of general width. We examine the adequacy of\nthis model to the description of electronic transport in carbon nanotubes and\nnanoribbons, or specifically-designed quantum dot arrays."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stretched Exponential Decay in the Edwards-Wilkinson Model: We consider the exactly soluble Edwards-Wilkinson Model in one dimension and\ndemonstrate explicitly, that it is possible to construct a field, that does not\ndepend explicitly on time, such that the corresponding time dependent\ncorrelation function,, is dominated at long times by a stretched exponential\ndecay. The difference between this and the stretched exponential decay present\nin truly non linear systems is discussed.",
        "positive": "Relaxation and thermalization in the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model:\n  A case study for the interaction quantum quench from the atomic limit: Motivated by recent experiments, we study the relaxation dynamics and\nthermalization in the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model induced by a global\ninteraction quench. Specifically, we start from an initial state that has\nexactly one boson per site and is the ground state of a system with infinitely\nstrong repulsive interactions at unit filling. Using exact diagonalization and\nthe density matrix renormalization group method, we compute the time dependence\nof such observables as the multiple occupancy and the momentum distribution\nfunction. Typically, the relaxation to stationary values occurs over just a few\ntunneling times. The stationary values are identical to the so-called diagonal\nensemble on the system sizes accessible to our numerical methods and we further\nobserve that the micro-canonical ensemble describes the steady state of many\nobservables reasonably well for small and intermediate interaction strength.\nThe expectation values of observables in the canonical ensemble agree\nquantitatively with the time averages obtained from the quench at small\ninteraction strengths, and qualitatively provide a good description of\nsteady-state values even in parameter regimes where the micro-canonical\nensemble is not applicable due to finite-size effects. We discuss our numerical\nresults in the framework of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. Moreover,\nwe also observe that the diagonal and the canonical ensemble are practically\nidentical for our initial conditions already on the level of their respective\nenergy distributions for small interaction strengths. Finally, we discuss\nimplications of our results for the interpretation of a recent sudden expansion\nexperiment [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 205301 (2013)], in which the same interaction\nquench was realized."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Duality Argument for the Chiral-Nematic Phase of Planar Spins: A duality argument for the recently discovered chiral-nematic phase of the XY\nmodel in a triangular lattice is presented. We show that a new Ising variable\nnaturally emerges in mapping the antiferromagnetic J1-J2 classical XY spin\nHamiltonian onto an appropriate Villain model on a triangular lattice. The new\nvariable is the chirality degree of freedom, which exists in addition to the\nusual vortex variables, in the dual picture. Elementary excitations and the\nassociated phase transition of the Ising degrees of freedom are discussed in\nsome detail.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of Fluctuating Bose-Einstein Condensates: We present a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation that describes also the\ndissipative dynamics of a trapped partially Bose condensed gas. It takes the\nform of a complex nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger equation with noise. We consider an\napproximation to this Langevin field equation that preserves the correct\nequilibrium for both the condensed and the noncondensed parts of the gas. We\nthen use this formalism to describe the reversible formation of a\none-dimensional Bose condensate, and compare with recent experiments. In\naddition, we determine the frequencies and the damping of collective modes in\nthis case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of simple glasses: This manuscript has been prepared as a thesis to obtain the French\n\"Habilitation \\`a diriger des recherches (HDR)\" which allows one to supervise\nPhD students. I review here my work on the glass and jamming transition. I\ntried to explain this subject in a concise and self-contained way, highlighting\nwhat I consider the main motivations for its study and trying to put my work in\na broader perspective. Basically I tried to tell this story in the same way as\nI would tell it to a student who contacted me to start a PhD thesis on these\ntopics.",
        "positive": "Exact solution of the minimalist Stark many body localization problem in\n  terms of spin pair hopping: Stark many body localization problem on a periodic spin chain with local four\nspin hopping conserving dipole moment becomes equivalent to a spin pair hopping\nmodel after overturn of spins in odd or even positions. Eigenstates of the\nlatter problem are separated into four groups including two groups of\ndelocalized states with translationally invariant unrestricted (group I) or\nrestricted (group II) Krylov subspaces and other two with confined spin\ntransport having either all mobile (group III) or some immobile spins (group\nIV). These groups can be examined experimentally in systems like those recently\ninvestigated in Refs. [1, 2]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium work relation beyond Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution: The presence of multiplicative noise can alter measurements of forces acting\non nanoscopic objects. Taking into account of multiplicative noise, we derive a\nseries of non-equilibrium thermodynamical equalities as generalization of the\nJarzynski equality, the detailed fluctuation theorem and the Hatano-Sasa's\nrelation. Our result demonstrates that the Jarzynski equality and the detailed\nfluctuation theorem remains valid only for systems with the Boltzmann-Gibbs\ndistribution at the equilibrium state, but the Hatano-Sasa's relation is robust\nwith respect to the ambiguity on multiplicative noise.",
        "positive": "Diffusion and escape times in the open-leaky standard map: We study the connection between transport phenomenon and escape rate\nstatistics in two-dimensional standard map. For the purpose of having an open\nphase space, we let the momentum co-ordinate vary freely and restrict only\nangle with periodic boundary condition. We also define a pair of artificial\nholes placed symmetrically along the momentum axis where the particles might\nleave the system. As a consequence of the leaks the diffusion can be analysed\nmaking use of only the ensemble of survived particles. We present how the\ndiffusion coefficient depends on the size and position of the escape regions.\nSince the accelerator modes and, thus, the diffusion are strongly related to\nthe system's control parameter, we also investigate effects of the perturbation\nstrength. Numerical simulations show that the short-time escape statistics does\nnot follow the well-known exponential decay especially for large values of\nperturbation parameters. The analysis of the escape direction also supports\nthis picture as a significant amount of particles skip the leaks and leave the\nsystem just after a longtime excursion in the remote zones of the phase space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on `Self-organized cooperative criticality in coupled complex\n  systems': In a recent Letter (EPL 105, 40006; arXiv:1309.7107), Liu and Hu presented a\nmodel of toppling-coupled sandpiles, where they found that the avalanche\nexponents for two toppling-coupled sandpiles are the same as those for a single\nuncoupled sandpile. In this Comment we provide a proof of this observation for\nthe case when there is conservation of grains in the bulk.",
        "positive": "External fields, density functionals, and the Gibbs inequality: By combining the upper and lower bounds to the free energy as given by the\nGibbs inequality for two systems with the same intermolecular interactions but\nwith external fields differing from each other only in a finite region of space\nGamma, we show that the corresponding equilibrium densities must also differ\nfrom each other somewhere in Gamma. We note that the basic equations of density\nfunctional theory arise naturally from a simple rearrangement and\nreinterpretation of the terms in the upper bound Gibbs inequality for such\nsystems and briefly discuss some of the complications that occur when the\nintermolecular interactions of the two systems also differ."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-temperature correlations in the trapped Bose gas: Previous functional integral methods for translationally invariant systems\nhave been extended to the case of a confining trap potential. Essentially all\nfinite-temperature properties of the repulsive Bose gas in a paraboloidal trap\ncan be determined this way. New analytical results reported here are for the\nfinite-temperature two-point correlation functions below the critical\ntemperatures in d=3,2 and 1 dimensions. Only for d=3 are correlations both long\nrange and coherent - at long range consistent with the existence of a coherent\nstate of the condensate in the trap. The two-dimensional condensate is\nmarginally stable in the sense that correlations decay by a power law.",
        "positive": "Phase diagrams for Prisoner's Dilemma game on two-dimensional lattices: The effects of payoffs and noise on the maintenance of cooperative behavior\nare studied in an evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma game with players located on\nthe sites of different two-dimensional lattices. This system exhibits a phase\ntransition from a mixed state of cooperators and defectors to a homogeneous one\nwhere only the defectors remain alive. Using systematic Monte Carlo simulations\nand different levels of the generalized mean-field approximations we have\ndetermined the phase boundaries (critical points) separating the two phases on\nthe plane of the temperature (noise) and temptation to choose defection. In the\nzero temperature limit this analysis suggests that the cooperation can be\nsustained only for those connectivity structures where three-site clique\npercolation occurs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation process of magnetic friction under sudden changes in velocity: Although there have been many studies of statistical mechanical models of\nmagnetic friction, most of these have focused on the behavior in the steady\nstate. In this study, we prepare a system composed of a chain and a lattice of\nIsing spins that interact with each other, and investigate the relaxation of\nthe system when the relative velocity $v$ changes suddenly. The situation where\n$v$ is given is realized by attaching the chain to a spring, the other end of\nwhich moves with a constant velocity $v$. Numerical simulation finds that, when\nthe spring constant has a moderate value, the relaxation of the frictional\nforce is divided into two processes, which are a sudden change and a slow\nrelaxation. This behavior is also observed on regular solid surfaces, although\ncaused by different factors than our model. More specifically, the slow\nrelaxation process is caused by relaxation of the magnetic structure in our\nmodel, but is caused by creep deformation in regular solid surfaces.",
        "positive": "Troublesome aspects of the Renyi-MaxEnt treatment: We study in great detail the possible existence of a Renyi-associated\nthermodynamics, with negative results. In particular, we uncover a hidden\nrelation in the Renyi's variational problem (MaxEnt). This relation connects\nthe two associated Lagrange multipliers (Canonical Ensemble) with the mean\nenergy $<U>$ and the Renyi parameter $\\alpha$. As a consequence of such\nrelation, we obtain anomalous Renyi-MaxEnt thermodynamic results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Prethermal quantum many-body Kapitza phases of periodically driven spin\n  systems: As realized by Kapitza long ago, a rigid pendulum can be stabilized upside\ndown by periodically driving its suspension point with tuned amplitude and\nfrequency. While this dynamical stabilization is feasible in a variety of\ninstances in systems with few degrees of freedom, it is natural to search for\ngeneralizations to multi-particle systems. In particular, a fundamental\nquestion is whether, by periodically driving a single parameter in a many-body\nsystem, one can stabilize an otherwise unstable phase of matter against all\npossible fluctuations of its microscopic degrees of freedom. In this work we\nshow that such stabilization occurs in experimentally realizable quantum\nmany-body systems: a periodic modulation of a transverse magnetic field can\nmake ferromagnetic spin systems with long-range interactions stably trapped\naround unstable paramagnetic configurations as well as in other unconventional\ndynamical phases with no equilibrium counterparts. We demonstrate that these\nquantum Kapitza phases have a long lifetime and can be observed in current\nexperiments with trapped ions.",
        "positive": "Optimization of scale-free network for random failures: It has been found that the networks with scale-free distribution are very\nresilient to random failures. The purpose of this work is to determine the\nnetwork design guideline which maximize the network robustness to random\nfailures with the average number of links per node of the network is constant.\nThe optimal value of the distribution exponent and the minimum connectivity to\ndifferent network size are given in this paper. Finally, the optimization\nstrategy how to improve the evolving network robustness is given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging in the three-dimensional Random Field Ising Model: We studied the nonequilibrium aging behavior of the Random Field Ising Model\nin three dimensions for various values of the disorder strength. This allowed\nus to investigate how the aging behavior changes across the\nferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition. We investigated a large system\nsize of $N=256^3$ spins and up to $10^8$ Monte Carlo sweeps. To reach these\nnecessary long simulation times we employed an implementation running on Intel\nXeon Phi coprocessors, reaching single spin flip times as short as 6 ps. We\nmeasured typical correlation functions in space and time to extract a growing\nlength scale and corresponding exponents.",
        "positive": "Lyapunov exponent in the Vicsek model: The well-known Vicsek model describes the dynamics of a flock of\nself-propelled particles (SPPs). Surprisingly, there is no direct measure of\nthe chaotic behavior of such systems. Here, we discuss the dynamical phase\ntransition present in Vicsek systems in light of the largest Lyapunov exponent\n(LLE), which is numerically computed by following the dynamical evolution in\ntangent space for up to two million SPPs. As discontinuities in the neighbor\nweighting factor hinder the computations, we propose a smooth form of the\nVicsek model. We find a chaotic regime for the collective behavior of the SPPs\nbased on the LLE. The dependence of LLE with the applied noise, used as a\ncontrol parameter, changes sensibly in the vicinity of the well-known\ntransition points of the Vicsek model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time-Reversal and Entropy: There is a relation between the irreversibility of thermodynamic processes as\nexpressed by the breaking of time-reversal symmetry, and the entropy production\nin such processes. We explain on an elementary mathematical level the relations\nbetween entropy production, phase-space contraction and time-reversal starting\nfrom a deterministic dynamics. Both closed and open systems, in the transient\nand in the steady regime, are considered. The main result identifies under\ngeneral conditions the statistical mechanical entropy production as the source\nterm of time-reversal breaking in the path space measure for the evolution of\nreduced variables. This provides a general algorithm for computing the entropy\nproduction and to understand in a unified way a number of useful\n(in)equalities. We also discuss the Markov approximation. Important are a\nnumber of old theoretical ideas for connecting the microscopic dynamics with\nthermodynamic behavior.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of the ABC model with nonequal densities: The ABC model is a driven diffusive exclusion model, composed of three\nspecies of particles that hop on a ring with local asymmetric rates. In the\nweak asymmetry limit, where the asymmetry vanishes with the length of the\nsystem, the model exhibits a phase transition between a homogenous state and a\nphase separated state. We derive the exact solution for the density profiles of\nthe three species in the hydrodynamic limit for arbitrary average densities.\nThe solution yields the complete phase diagram of the model and allows the\nstudy of the nature of the first order phase transition found for average\ndensities that deviate significantly from the equal densities point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local attachment in networks under churn: In this contribution we introduce local attachment as an universal\nnetwork-joining protocol for peer-to-peer networks, social networks, or other\nkinds of networks. Based on this protocol nodes in a finite-size network\ndynamically create power-law connectivity distributions. Nodes or peers\nmaintain them in a self-organized statistical way by incorporating local\ninformation only. We investigate the structural and macroscopic properties of\nsuch local attachment networks by extensive numerical simulations, including\ncorrelations and scaling relations between exponents. The emergence of the\npower-law degree distribution is further investigated by considering\npreferential attachment with a nonlinear attractiveness function as an\napproximative model for local attachment. This study suggests the local\nattachment scheme as a procedure to be included in future peer-to-peer\nprotocols to enable the efficient production of stable network topologies in a\ncontinuously changing environment.",
        "positive": "Sandpile model on Scale Free Networks with preferential sand\n  distribution: a new universality class: A two state sandpile model with preferential sand distribution is developed\nand studied numerically on scale free networks with power-law degree ($k$)\ndistribution, {\\em i.e.}: $P_k\\sim k^{-\\alpha}$. In this model, upon toppling\nof a critical node sand grains are given one to each of the neighbouring nodes\nwith highest and lowest degrees instead of two randomly selected neighbouring\nnodes as in a stochastic sandpile model. The critical behaviour of the model is\ndetermined by characterizing various avalanche properties at the steady state\nvarying the network structure from scale free to random, tuning $\\alpha$ from\n$2$ to $5$. The model exhibits mean field scaling on the random networks,\n$\\alpha>4$. However, in the scale free regime, $2<\\alpha<4$, the scaling\nbehaviour of the model not only deviates from the mean-field scaling but also\nthe exponents describing the scaling behaviour are found to decrease\ncontinuously as $\\alpha$ decreases. In this regime, the critical exponents of\nthe present model are found to be different from those of the two state\nstochastic sandpile model on similar networks. The preferential sand\ndistribution thus has non-trivial effects on the sandpile dynamics which leads\nthe model to a new universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Height distributions in competitive one-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n  systems: We study the competitive RSOS-BD model focusing on the validity of the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) ansatz h(t) = v t + (\\Gamma t)^{\\beta} \\chi and the\nuniversality of the height distributions (HDs) near the point where the model\nhas Edwards-Wilkinson (EW) scaling. Using numerical simulations for long times,\nwe show that the system is asymptotically KPZ, as expected, for values of the\nprobability of the RSOS component very close to p = p_c \\approx 0.83. Namely,\nthe growth exponents converge to \\beta_{KPZ} = 1/3 and the HDs converge to the\nGOE Tracy-Widom distribution, however, the convergence seems to be faster in\nthe last ones. While the EW-KPZ crossover appears in the roughness scaling in a\nbroad range of probabilities p around p_c, a Gaussian-GOE crossover is not\nobserved in the HDs into the same interval, possibly being restricted to values\nof p very close to p_c. These results improve recent ones reported by de Assis\net al. [Phys. Rev. E 86, 051607 (2012)], where, based on smaller simulations,\nthe KPZ scaling was argued to breakdown in broad range of p around p_c.",
        "positive": "Exact Asymptotics for One-Dimensional Diffusion with Mobile Traps: We consider a diffusing particle, with diffusion constant D', moving in one\ndimension in an infinite sea of noninteracting mobile traps with diffusion\nconstant D and density rho. We show that the asymptotic behavior of the\nsurvival probability, P(t), is given by P(t) ~ exp[-4 rho(Dt/pi)^{1/2}],\nindependent of D'. The result comes from obtaining upper and lower bounds on\nP(t), and showing that they coincide asymptotically. We also obtain exact\nresults for P(t) to first order in D' for an arbitrary finite number of traps."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exactly Solvable Model Glass with a Facilitated Dynamics: A model glass with fast and slow processes is studied. The statics is simple\nand the facilitated slow dynamics is exactly solvable. The main features of a\nfragile glass take place: Kauzmann transition, Vogel-Fulcher law, Adam-Gibbs\nrelation and aging. The time evolution can be so slow that a quasi-equilibrium\noccur at a time dependent effective temperature. The same effective temperature\nis derived from the Fluctuation-Dissipation ratio, which supports the\napplicability of out of equilibrium thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "The scattering from generalized Cantor fractals: We consider a fractal with a variable fractal dimension, which is a\ngeneralization of the well known triadic Cantor set. In contrast with the usual\nCantor set, the fractal dimension is controlled using a scaling factor, and can\nvary from zero to one in one dimension and from zero to three in three\ndimensions. The intensity profile of small-angle scattering from the\ngeneralized Cantor fractal in three dimensions is calculated. The system is\ngenerated by a set of iterative rules, each iteration corresponding to a\ncertain fractal generation. Small-angle scattering is considered from\nmonodispersive sets, which are randomly oriented and placed. The scattering\nintensities represent minima and maxima superimposed on a power law decay, with\nthe exponent equal to the fractal dimension of the scatterer, but the minima\nand maxima are damped with increasing polydispersity of the fractal sets. It is\nshown that for a finite generation of the fractal, the exponent changes at\nsufficiently large wave vectors from the fractal dimension to four, the value\ngiven by the usual Porod law. It is shown that the number of particles of which\nthe fractal is composed can be estimated from the value of the boundary between\nthe fractal and Porod regions. The radius of gyration of the fractal is\ncalculated analytically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature measurement from perturbations: The notion of configuration temperature is extended to discontinuous systems\nby identifying the temperature as the nontrivial root of several integral\nequations regarding the distribution of the energy change upon configuration\nperturbations. The relations are generalized to pressure and a distribution\nmean force.",
        "positive": "Growing Random Networks with Fitness: Three models of growing random networks with fitness dependent growth rates\nare analysed using the rate equations for the distribution of their\nconnectivities. In the first model (A), a network is built by connecting\nincoming nodes to nodes of connectivity $k$ and random additive fitness $\\eta$,\nwith rate $(k-1)+ \\eta $. For $\\eta >0$ we find the connectivity distribution\nis power law with exponent $\\gamma=<\\eta>+2$. In the second model (B), the\nnetwork is built by connecting nodes to nodes of connectivity $k$, random\nadditive fitness $\\eta$ and random multiplicative fitness $\\zeta$ with rate\n$\\zeta(k-1)+\\eta$. This model also has a power law connectivity distribution,\nbut with an exponent which depends on the multiplicative fitness at each node.\nIn the third model (C), a directed graph is considered and is built by the\naddition of nodes and the creation of links. A node with fitness $(\\alpha,\n\\beta)$, $i$ incoming links and $j$ outgoing links gains a new incoming link\nwith rate $\\alpha(i+1)$, and a new outgoing link with rate $\\beta(j+1)$. The\ndistributions of the number of incoming and outgoing links both scale as power\nlaws, with inverse logarithmic corrections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement negativity in a nonequilibrium steady state: We study entanglement properties in a nonequilibrium steady state of a\nfree-fermion chain, that emerges after connecting two half-chains prepared at\ndifferent temperatures. The entanglement negativity and the R\\'enyi mutual\ninformation between two adjacent intervals scale logarithmically in the system\nsize, with prefactors that we calculate analytically as a function of the bath\ntemperatures. In particular, we show that the negativity and the R\\'enyi mutual\ninformation with index $\\alpha=1/2$ are described by different prefactors, and\nthus the two quantities provide inequivalent information about the state.\nFurthermore, we show that the logarithmic growth of the negativity during time\nevolution is also governed by the steady-state prefactor.",
        "positive": "k-Deformed Fourier Transform: We present a new formulation of Fourier transform in the picture of the\n$\\kappa$-algebra derived in the framework of the $\\kappa$-generalized\nstatistical mechanics. The $\\kappa$-Fourier transform is obtained from a\n$\\kappa$-Fourier series recently introduced by us [2013 Entropy {\\bf15} 624].\nThe kernel of this transform, that reduces to the usual exponential phase in\nthe $\\kappa\\to0$ limit, is composed by a $\\kappa$-deformed phase and a damping\nfactor that gives a wavelet-like behavior. We show that the $\\kappa$-Fourier\ntransform is isomorph to the standard Fourier transform through a changing of\ntime and frequency variables. Nevertheless, the new formalism is useful to\nstudy, according to Fourier analysis, those functions defined in the realm of\nthe $\\kappa$-algebra. As a relevant application, we discuss the central limit\ntheorem for the $\\kappa$-sum of $n$-iterate statistically independent random\nvariables."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Memory effects in superfluid vortex dynamics: The dissipative dynamics of a vortex line in a superfluid is investigated\nwithin the frame of a non-Markovian quantal Brownian motion model. Our starting\npoint is a recently proposed interaction Hamiltonian between the vortex and the\nsuperfluid quasiparticle excitations, which is generalized to incorporate the\neffect of scattering from fermion impurities ($^3$He atoms). Thus, a\nnon-Markovian equation of motion for the mean value of the vortex position\noperator is derived within a weak-coupling approximation. Such an equation is\nshown to yield, in the Markovian and elastic scattering limits, a $^3$He\ncontribution to the longitudinal friction coefficient equivalent to that\narising from the Rayfield-Reif formula. Simultaneous Markov and elastic\nscattering limits are found, however, to be incompatible, since an unexpected\nbreakdown of the Markovian approximation is detected at low cyclotron\nfrequencies. Then, a non-Markovian expression for the longitudinal friction\ncoefficient is derived and computed as a function of temperature and $^3$He\nconcentration. Such calculations show that cyclotron frequencies within the\nrange 0.01$-$0.03 ps$^{-1}$ yield a very good agreement to the longitudinal\nfriction figures computed from the Iordanskii and Rayfield-Reif formulas for\npure $^4$He, up to temperatures near 1 K. A similar performance is found for\nnonvanishing $^3$He concentrations, where the comparison is also shown to be\nvery favorable with respect to the available experimental data. Memory effects\nare shown to be weak and increasing with temperature and concentration.",
        "positive": "Free energy calculations along entropic pathways: I. Homogeneous\n  vapor-liquid nucleation for atomic and molecular systems: Using the entropy $S$ as a reaction coordinate, we determine the free energy\nbarrier associated with the formation of a liquid droplet from a supersaturated\nvapor for atomic and molecular fluids. For this purpose, we develop the $\\mu\nVT-S$ simulation method that combines the advantages of the grand-canonical\nensemble, that allows for a direct evaluation of the entropy, and of the\numbrella sampling method, that is well suited to the study of an activated\nprocess like nucleation. Applying this approach to an atomic system such as\n$Ar$ allows us to test the method. The results show that the $\\mu VT-S$ method\ngives the correct dependence on supersaturation of the height of the free\nenergy barrier and of the size of the critical droplet, when compared to\npredictions from classical nucleation theory and to previous simulation\nresults. In addition, it provides insight into the relation between entropy and\ndroplet formation throughout this process. An additional advantage of the $\\mu\nVT-S$ approach is its direct transferability to molecular systems, since it\nuses the entropy of the system as the reaction coordinate. Applications of the\n$\\mu VT-S$ simulation method to $N_2$ and $CO_2$ are presented and discussed in\nthis work, showing the versatility of the $\\mu VT-S$ approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extension of the constant exchange probability method to\n  multi-dimensional replica exchange Monte Carlo applied to the tri-critical\n  spin-1 Blume-Capel model: In replica exchange Monte Carlo (REM), tuning of the temperature set and the\nexchange scheduling are crucial in improving the accuracy and reducing\ncalculation time. In multi-dimensional simulated tempering, the first order\nphase transition is accessible. Therefore it is important to study the tuning\nof parameter set and the scheduling of exchanges in the parallel counterpart,\nthe multi-dimensional REM. We extend Hukushima's constant exchange probability\nmethod to multi-dimensional REM for the parameter set. We further propose a\ncombined method to use this set and the Bittner-Nussbaumer-Janke's PT tau\nalgorithm for scheduling. We test the proposed method in two-dimensional spin-1\nBlume-Capel model and find that it works efficiently, including the vicinity of\nthe first order phase transition.",
        "positive": "Second moments of work and heat for a single particle stochastic heat\n  engine in a breathing harmonic potential: We consider a simple model of a stochastic heat engine, which consists of a\nsingle Brownian particle moving in a one-dimensional periodically breathing\nharmonic potential. Overdamped limit is assumed. Expressions of second moments\n(variances and covariances ) of heat and work are obtained in the form of\nintegrals, whose integrands contain functions satisfying certain differential\nequations. The results in the quasi-static limit are simple functions of\ntemperatures of hot and cold thermal baths. The coefficient of variation of the\nwork is suggested to give an approximate probability for the work to exceeds a\ncertain threshold. During derivation, we get the expression of the\ncumulant-generating function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strong breakdown of equipartition in uniform granular mixtures: A binary mixture made of heavy and light inelastic hard spheres in the free\ncooling state is considered. First, the regions in the parameter space where\nthe partial granular temperature of the heavy species is larger (or smaller)\nthan that of the light species are analyzed. Next, the asymptotic behavior of\nthe mean square velocity ratio in the disparate-mass limit is investigated,\nassuming different scaling laws for the parameters of the mixture. It is seen\nthat two general classes of states are possible: a \"normal\" state and an\n\"ordered\" state, the latter representing a strong breakdown of energy\nequipartition.",
        "positive": "Infinite matrix product states, Conformal Field Theory and the\n  Haldane-Shastry model: We generalize the Matrix Product States method using the chiral vertex\noperators of Conformal Field Theory and apply it to study the ground states of\nthe XXZ spin chain, the J1-J2 model and random Heisenberg models. We compute\nthe overlap with the exact wave functions, spin-spin correlators and the Renyi\nentropy, showing that critical systems can be described by this method. For\nrotational invariant ansatzs we construct an inhomogenous extension of the\nHaldane-Shastry model with long range exchange interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Out-of-equilibrium dynamics driven by localized time-dependent\n  perturbations at quantum phase transitions: We investigate the quantum dynamics of many-body systems subject to local,\ni.e. restricted to a limited space region, time-dependent perturbations. If the\nperturbation drives the system across a quantum transition, an off-equilibrium\nbehavior is observed, even when the perturbation is very slow. We show that,\nclose to the transition, time-dependent quantities obey scaling laws. In\nfirst-order quantum transitions, the scaling behavior is universal, and some\nscaling functions can be exactly computed. For continuous quantum transitions,\nthe scaling laws are controlled by the standard critical exponents and by the\nrenormalization-group dimension of the perturbation at the transition. Our\nscaling approach is applied to the quantum Ising ring which presents both\nfirst-order and continuous quantum transitions.",
        "positive": "The mesoscopic dynamics of thermodynamic systems: Concepts of everyday use like energy, heat, and temperature have acquired a\nprecise meaning after the development of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics\nprovides the basis for understanding how heat and work are related and with the\ngeneral rules that the macroscopic properties of systems at equilibrium follow.\nOutside equilibrium and away from macroscopic regimes most of those rules\ncannot be applied directly. Here we present recent developments that extend the\napplicability of thermodynamic concepts deep into mesoscopic and irreversible\nregimes. We show how the probabilistic interpretation of thermodynamics\ntogether with probability conservation laws can be used to obtain Fokker-Planck\nequations for the relevant degrees of freedom. This approach provides a\nsystematic method to obtain the stochastic dynamics of a system directly from\nits equilibrium properties. A wide variety of situations can be studied in this\nway, including many that were thought to be out of reach of thermodynamic\ntheories, such as non-linear transport in the presence of potential barriers,\nactivated processes, slow relaxation phenomena, and basic processes in\nbiomolecules, like translocation and stretching."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Planar cracks in the fuse model: We simulate the propagation of a planar crack in a quasi-two dimensional fuse\nmodel, confining the crack between two horizontal plates. We investigate the\neffect on the roughness of microcrack nucleation ahead of the main crack and\nstudy the structure of the damage zone. The two dimensional geometry introduces\na characteristic length in the problem, limiting the crack roughness. The\ndamage ahead of the crack does not appear to change the scaling properties of\nthe model, which are well described by gradient percolation.",
        "positive": "A Simple Model of Superconducting Vortex Avalanches: We introduce a simple lattice model of superconducting vortices driven by\nrepulsive interactions through a random pinning potential. The model describes\nthe behavior at the scale of the London length lambda or larger. It\nself-organizes to a critical state, characterized by a constant flux density\ngradient, where the activity takes place in terms of avalanches spanning all\nlength scales up to the system size. We determine scaling relations as well as\nfour universal critical exponents for avalanche moments and durations: tau =\n1.63 +/- 0.02, D = 2.7 +/- 0.1, z = 1.5 +/- 0.1, and tau_t = 2.13 +/- 0.14, for\nthe system driven at the boundary."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Turning with the others: novel transitions in an SPP model with coupling\n  of accelerations: We consider a three dimensional, generalized version of the original SPP\nmodel for collective motion. By extending the factors influencing the ordering,\nwe investigate the case when the movement of the self-propelled particles\n(SPP-s) depends on both the velocity and the acceleration of the neighboring\nparticles, instead of being determined solely by the former one. By changing\nthe value of a weight parameter s determining the relative influence of the\nvelocity and the acceleration terms, the system undergoes a kinetic phase\ntransition as a function of a behavioral pattern. Below a critical value of s\nthe system exhibits disordered motion, while above it the dynamics resembles\nthat of the SPP model. We argue that in nature evolutionary processes can drive\nthe strategy variable s towards the critical point, where information exchange\nbetween the units of a system is maximal.",
        "positive": "Information Accessibility and Cryptic Processes: We give a systematic expansion of the crypticity--a recently introduced\nmeasure of the inaccessibility of a stationary process's internal state\ninformation. This leads to a hierarchy of k-cryptic processes and allows us to\nidentify finite-state processes that have infinite crypticity--the internal\nstate information is present across arbitrarily long, observed sequences. The\ncrypticity expansion is exact in both the finite- and infinite-order cases. It\nturns out that k-crypticity is complementary to the Markovian finite-order\nproperty that describes state information in processes. One application of\nthese results is an efficient expansion of the excess entropy--the mutual\ninformation between a process's infinite past and infinite future--that is\nfinite and exact for finite-order cryptic processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the mass transport by a Burgers velocity field: The mass transport by a Burgers velocity field is investigated in the\nframework of the theory of stochastic processes. Much attention is devoted to\nthe limit of vanishing viscosity (inviscid limit) describing the \"adhesion\nmodel\" for the early stage of the evolution of the Universe. In particular the\nmathematical foundations for the ansatz currently used in the literature to\ncompute the mass distribution in the inviscid limit are provided.",
        "positive": "Probability distribution of the maximum of a smooth temporal signal: We present an approximate calculation for the distribution of the maximum of\na smooth stationary temporal signal X(t). As an application, we compute the\npersistence exponent associated to the probability that the process remains\nbelow a non-zero level M. When X(t) is a Gaussian process, our results are\nexpressed explicitly in terms of the two-time correlation function,\nf(t)=<X(0)X(t)>."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation relations without microscopic time reversality: Generalized\n  Green-Kubo relation and integral fluctuation theorem for uniformly sheared\n  granular systems: We derive the generalized Green-Kubo relation and an integral form of the\nfluctuation theorem that apply to uniformly sheared granular systems in which\nmicroscopic time-reversal symmetry is broken. The former relation provides an\nexact representation of nonequilibrium steady-state properties as the integral\nof the time-correlation function describing transient dynamics from an initial\nquiescent towards a final sheared steady state. We also investigate\nimplications of the integral fluctuation theorem on the approach towards the\nsteady state and on the possible form of the steady-state distribution function\nin terms of the excess thermodynamic function.",
        "positive": "On the complete-spectrum characterization of quantum integrable spin\n  chains via the inhomogeneous T-Q relation: With the XXZ spin chains as examples, we prove two theorems: (1) the\nfunctional relations derived from the off-diagonal Bethe Ansatz scheme are the\nsufficient and necessary conditions to characterize the complete spectrum of\nthe corresponding transfer matrix; (2) each eigenvalue of the transfer matrix\ncan be parameterized by a minimal inhomogeneous T-Q relation. These statements\nhold for both with and without inhomogeneity. The proof can be generalized to\nother finite-dimensional quantum integrable models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Full self-similar solutions of the subsonic radiative heat equations: We study the phenomenon of diffusive radiative heat waves (Marshak waves)\nunder general boundary conditions. In particular, we derive full analytic\nsolutions for the subsonic case, that include both the ablation and the shock\nwave regions. Previous works in this regime, based on the work of [R. Pakula\nand R. Sigel, Phys. Fluids. 443, 28, 232 (1985)], present self-similar\nsolutions for the ablation region alone, since in general, the shock region and\nthe ablation region are not self-similar together. Analytic results for both\nregions were obtained only for the specific case in which the ratio between the\nablation front velocity and the shock velocity is constant. In this work, we\nderive a full analytic solution for the whole problem in general boundary\nconditions. Our solution is composed of two different self-similar solutions,\none for each region, that are patched at the heat front. The ablative region of\nthe heat wave is solved in a manner similar to previous works. Then, the\npressure at the front, which is derived from the ablative region solution, is\ntaken as a boundary condition to the shock region, while the other boundary is\ndescribed by Hugoniot relations. The solution is compared to full numerical\nsimulations in several representative cases. The numerical and analytic results\nare found to agree within $1\\%$ in the ablation region, and within $2-5\\%$ in\nthe shock region. This model allows better prediction of the physical behavior\nof radiation induced shock waves, and can be applied for high energy density\nphysics experiments.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Work Extraction in a colloidal heat engine in presence of\n  colored noise: From synthetic active devices such as self-propelling Janus colloids to\nmicro-organisms like bacteria, micro-algae, living cells in tissues, active\nfluctuations are ubiquitous. Thermodynamics of small systems involving thermal\nas well as active fluctuations are of immense importance. They can be employed\nto extract thermodynamic work. Here we propose a simple model system that can\nproduce thermodynamic work exploiting active fluctuations. We consider a\nBrownian particle, trapped by an externally controlled harmonic confinement\nwhich time-periodically contracts and expands by modulating its spring constant\ne.g an optical tweezer. The system produces work by being alternately connected\nto two baths one passive and other active, modeled as exponentially correlated\nnoise which breaks the fluctuation dissipation theorem. The average efficiency\nof the system is calculated exactly in quasistatic limit. Nonquasistatic regime\nis explored by numerics. Comparing with its passive counterpart, we also show\nthat the active micro heat engine can be more efficient depending on the chosen\nparameter space. We also believe that our model can be realized experimentally\nwith the help of bacterial baths."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotic distributions of Periodically Driven Stochastic Systems: We study the large-time behaviour of Brownian particles moving through a\nviscous medium in a confined potential, and which are further subjected to\nposition-dependent driving forces that are periodic in time. We focus on the\ncase where these driving forces are rapidly oscillating with an amplitude that\nis not necessarily small. We develop a perturbative method for the\nhigh-frequency regime to find the large-time behavior of periodically driven\nstochastic systems. The asymptotic distribution of Brownian particles is then\ndetermined to second order. To first order, these particles are found to\nexecute small-amplitude oscillations around an effective static potential which\ncan have interesting forms.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Unraveling the 'Pressure Effect' in Nucleation\": In a 2008 Letter, Wedekind et al. discussed the influence of an inert carrier\ngas on the vapor-liquid nucleation rate. They found an additional\n\"pressure-volume work\" that is performed against the carrier gas, and also\nquantified the nonisothermal effects arising from the carrier gas. We argue\nthat the pressure-volume work term represents the influence of the carrier gas\non phase equilibrium itself. This term will not appear explicitly when a\ndefinition of the supersaturation is used that is appropriate for high-pressure\nnucleation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The role of interactions, tunneling and harmonic confinement on the\n  adiabatic loading of bosons in an optical lattice: We calculate entropy-temperature curves for interacting bosons in unit filled\noptical lattices for both homogeneous and harmonically trapped situations, and\nuse them to understand how adiabatic changes in the lattice depth affect the\ntemperature of the system. In a translationally invariant lattice, the zero\ntunneling limit facilitates a rather detailed analytic description. Unlike the\nnon-interacting bosonic system which is always cooled upon adiabatic loading\nfor low enough initial temperature, the change in the excitation spectrum\ninduced by interactions can lead to heating. Finite tunneling helps to reduce\nthis heating. Finally, we study the spatially inhomogeneous system confined in\na parabolic potential and show that the presence of the trap can significantly\nreduce the final available temperature, due to the non-vanishing superfluid\ncomponent at the edge of the cloud which is present in trapped systems.",
        "positive": "On the calculation of the Casimir forces: Casimir forces are a manifestation of the change in the zero-point energy of\nthe vacuum caused by the insertion of boundaries. We show how the Casimir force\ncan be computed by consideration of the vacuum fluctuations that are suppressed\nby the boundaries, and rederive the scalar Casimir effects for a series of\ngeometries. For the planar case a finite universal force is automatically\nfound. For curved geometries formally divergent expressions are encountered\nwhich we argue are largely due to the divergent self-energy of the boundary\ncontributing to the force. This idea is supported by computing the effect for a\nfixed perimeter wedge-arc geometry in two dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Replica-symmetric approach to the typical eigenvalue fluctuations of\n  Gaussian random matrices: We discuss an approach to compute the first and second moments of the number\nof eigenvalues $I_N$ that lie in an arbitrary interval of the real line for $N\n\\times N$ Gaussian random matrices. The method combines the standard\nreplica-symmetric theory with a perturbative expansion of the saddle-point\naction up to $O(1/N)$ ($N \\gg 1$), leading to the correct logarithmic scaling\nof the variance $\\langle I_{N}^{2} \\rangle - \\langle I_N \\rangle^2 = O(\\ln N)$\nas well as to an analytical expression for the $O(1/N)$ correction to the\naverage $\\langle I_N \\rangle/N$. Standard results for the number variance at\nthe local scaling regime are recovered in the limit of a vanishing interval.\nThe limitations of the replica-symmetric method are unveiled by comparing our\nresults with those derived through exact methods. The present work represents\nan important step to study the fluctuations of $I_N$ in non-invariant random\nmatrix ensembles, where the joint distribution of eigenvalues is not known.",
        "positive": "Langevin dynamics for L\u00e9vy walk with memory: Memory effects, sometimes, can not be neglected. In the framework of\ncontinuous time random walk, memory effect is modeled by the correlated waiting\ntimes. In this paper, we derive the two-point probability distribution of the\nstochastic process with correlated increments as well as the one of its inverse\nprocess, and present the Langevin description of L\\'evy walk with memory, i.e.,\ncorrelated waiting times. Based on the built Langevin picture, the properties\nof aging and nonstationary are discussed. The Langevin system exhibits\nsub-ballistic superdiffusion if the friction force is involved, while it\ndisplays super-ballistic diffusion or hyperdiffusion if there is no friction.\nIt is discovered that the correlation of waiting times suppresses the diffusion\nbehavior whether there is friction or not, and the stronger the correlation of\nwaiting times becomes, the slower the diffusion is. In particular, the\ncorrelation function, correlation coefficient, ergodicity, and scaling property\nof the corresponding stochastic process are also investigated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ion Pair Dissociation Dynamics in an Aqueous Premelting Layer: Using molecular dynamics simulations and methods of importance sampling, we\nstudy the thermodynamics and dynamics of sodium chloride in the aqueous\npremelting layer formed spontaneously at the interface between ice and its\nvapor. We uncover a hierarchy of timescales that characterize the relaxation\ndynamics of this system, spanning the picoseconds of ionic motion to the\n10s-100s of nanoseconds associated with fluctuations of the liquid-crystal\ninterface in their presence. We find that ions distort both local interfaces,\nincurring restoring forces that result in the ions preferentially residing in\nthe middle of the layer. While ion pair dissociation is thermodynamically\nfavorable, these structural and dynamic effects cause its rate to vary by over\nan order of magnitude through the layer, with a maximum rate significantly\ndepressed from the corresponding bulk value. The solvation environment of ions\nin the premelting layer is distinct from that in a bulk liquid, being dominated\nby slow reorganization of water molecules and a water structure intermediate\nbetween ice and its melt.",
        "positive": "Disks in a narrow channel jammed by gravity and centrifuge: profiles of\n  pressure, mass density and entropy density: This work investigates jammed granular matter under conditions that produce\nheterogeneous mass distributions on a mesoscopic scale. We consider a system of\nidentical disks that are confined to a narrow channel, open at one end and\nclosed off at the other end. The disks are jammed by the local pressure in a\ngravitational field or centrifuge. All surfaces are hard and frictionless. We\ncalculate the profiles of pressure, mass density, and entropy density on a\nmesoscopic length scale under the assumption that the jammed states are\nproduced by random agitations of uniform intensity along the channel. These\nprofiles exhibit trends and features governed by the balancing of\nposition-dependent forces and potential energies. The analysis employs a method\nof configurational statistics that uses interlinking two-disk tiles as the\nfundamental degrees of freedom. Configurational statistics weighs the\nprobabilities of tiles according to competing potential energies associated\nwith gravity and centrifugation. Amendments account for the effects of the\nmarginal stability of some tiles due to competing forces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions in one dimension: are they all driven by domain walls?: Two known distinct examples of one-dimensional systems which are known to\nexhibit a phase transition are critically examined: (A) a lattice model with\nharmonic nearest-neighbor elastic interactions and an on-site Morse potential,\nand (B) the ferromagnetic, spin 1/2 Ising model with long-range pair\ninteractions varying as the inverse square of the distance between pairs. In\nboth cases it can be shown that the domain wall configurations become\nentropically stable at, or very near, the critical temperature. This might\nprovide a \"positive\" criterion for the occurrence of a phase transition in\none-dimensional systems.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in anisotropic superconducting and magnetic systems\n  with vector order parameters: Three-loop renormalization-group analysis: The critical behavior of a model with N-vector complex order parameter and\nthree quartic coupling constants that describes phase transitions in\nunconventional superconductors, helical magnets, stacked triangular\nantiferromagnets, superfluid helium-3, and zero-temperature transitions in\nfully frustrated Josephson-junction arrays is studied within the field-\ntheoretical renormalization-group approach in three dimensions. To obtain\nqualitatively and quantitatively correct results perturbative expansions for\n\\beta-functions and critical exponents are calculated up to three-loop order\nand resummed by means of the generalized Pade-Borel procedure. Fixed-point\ncoordinates, critical exponent values, RG flows, etc. are found for the\nphysically interesting cases N = 2 and N = 3. Marginal values of N at which the\ntopology of the flow diagram changes are determined as well. In most cases the\nsystems mentioned are shown to undergo fluctuation-driven first-order phase\ntransitions. Continuous transitions are allowed in hexagonal d-wave\nsuperconductors, in planar helical magnets (into sinusoidal linearly-polarized\nphase), and in triangular antiferromagnets (into simple unfrustrated ordered\nstates) with critical exponents \\gamma = 1.336, \\nu = 0.677, \\alpha = -0.030,\n\\beta = 0.347, \\eta = 0.026, which are hardly believed to be experimentally\ndistinguishable from those of the 3D XY model. The chiral fixed point of RG\nequations is found to exist and possess some domain of attraction provided N >\n3. Thus, magnets with Heisenberg (N = 3) and XY-like (N = 2) spins should not\ndemonstrate chiral critical behavior with unusual critical exponents; they can\napproach the chiral state only via first-order phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A fluctuation theorem for Floquet quantum master equations: We present a fluctuation theorem for Floquet quantum master equations. This\nis a detailed version of the famous Gallavotti-Cohen theorem. In contrast to\nthe latter theorem, which involves the probability distribution of the total\nheat current, the former involves the joint probability distribution of\npositive and negative heat currents and can be used to derive the latter. A\nquantum two-level system driven by a periodic external field is used to verify\nthis result.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation relations for spin currents: The fluctuation theorem establishes general relations between transport\ncoefficients and fluctuations in nonequilibrium systems. Recently there was\nmuch interest in quantum fluctuation relations for electric currents. Since\ncharge carriers also carry spin, it is important to extend the fluctuation\ntheorem to spin currents. We use the principle of microscopic reversibility to\nderive such theorem. As a consequence, we obtain a family of relations between\ntransport coefficients and fluctuations of spin currents. We apply the\nrelations to the spin Seebeck effect and rectification of spin currents. Our\nrelations do not depend on a microscopic model and hence can be used to test\nthe validity of theoretical approximations in spin-transport problems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous fluctuation relations: We study Fluctuation Relations (FRs) for dynamics that are anomalous, in the\nsense that the diffusive properties strongly deviate from the ones of standard\nBrownian motion. We first briefly review the concept of transient work FRs for\nstochastic dynamics modeled by the ordinary Langevin equation. We then\nintroduce three generic types of dynamics generating anomalous diffusion:\nL\\'evy flights, long-time correlated Gaussian stochastic processes and\ntime-fractional kinetics. By combining Langevin and kinetic approaches we\ncalculate the work probability distributions in the simple nonequilibrium\nsituation of a particle subject to a constant force. This allows us to check\nthe transient FR for anomalous dynamics. We find a new form of FRs, which is\nintimately related to the validity of fluctuation-dissipation relations.\nAnalogous results are obtained for a particle in a harmonic potential dragged\nby a constant force. We argue that these findings are important for\nunderstanding fluctuations in experimentally accessible systems. As an example,\nwe discuss the anomalous dynamics of biological cell migration both in\nequilibrium and in nonequilibrium under chemical gradients.",
        "positive": "Low energy collective excitations in a superfluid trapped Fermi gas: We study low energy collective excitations in a trapped superfluid Fermi gas,\nthat describe slow variations of the phase of the superfluid order parameter.\nWell below the critical temperature the corresponding eigenfrequencies turn out\nto be of the order of the trap frequency, and these modes manifest themselves\nas the eigenmodes of the density fluctuations of the gas sample. The latter\ncould provide an experimental evidence of the presence of the superfluid phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The fractal dimensions of Laplacian growth: an analytical approach based\n  on a universal dimensionality function: Laplacian growth, associated to the diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) model\nor the more general dielectric-breakdown model (DBM), is a fundamental\nout-of-equilibrium process that generates structures with characteristic\nfractal/non-fractal morphologies. However, despite of diverse numerical and\ntheoretical attempts, a data-consistent description of the fractal dimensions\nof the mass-distributions of these structures has been missing. Here, an\nanalytical description to the fractal dimensions of the DBM and DLA is provided\nby means of a recently introduced general dimensionality equation for the\nscaling of clusters undergoing a continuous morphological transition.\nParticularly, this equation relies on an effective information-function\ndependent on the Euclidean dimension of the embedding-space and the control\nparameter of the system. Numerical and theoretical approaches are used in order\nto determine this information-function for both DLA and DBM. In the latter, a\nconnection to the R\\'enyi entropies and generalized dimensions of the cluster\nis made, showing that DLA could be considered as the point of maximum\ninformation-entropy production along the DBM transition. These findings are in\ngood agreement with previous theoretical and numerical results (two- and\nthree-dimensional DBM, and high-dimensional DLA). Notably, the DBM dimensions\ncan be conformed to a universal description independently of the initial\ncluster-configuration and the embedding-space.",
        "positive": "Short-range particle correlations in dilute Bose gas: The thermodynamics of a homogeneous dilute Bose gas with an arbitrary strong\nrepulsion between particles is investigated on the basis of the exact relation\nconnecting the pair correlation function with the in-medium pair wave functions\nand occupation numbers. It is shown that the effective-interaction scheme which\nis reduced to the Bogoliubov model with the effective pairwise potential, is\nnot acceptable for investigating the short-range particle correlations in a\ndilute strongly interacting Bose gas. In contrast to this scheme, our model is\nthermodynamically consistent and free of the ultraviolet divergences due to\naccurate treatment of the short-range boson correlations. The equation for the\nin-medium scattering amplitude is derived that makes it possible to find the\nin-medium renormalization for the pair wave functions at short boson\nseparations. Low-density expansions for the main thermodynamic quantities are\nreinvestigated on the basis of this equation. Besides, the expansions are found\nfor the interaction and kinetic energies per particle. It is demonstrated that\nfor the many-boson system of the hard spheres the interaction energy is equal\nto zero for any boson density. The exact relationship between the chemical\npotential and in-medium pair wave functions is also established."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An epicycle method for elasticity limit calculations: The task of finding the smallest energy needed to bring a solid to its onset\nof mechanical instability arises in many problems in materials science, from\nthe determination of the elasticity limit to the consistent assignment of free\nenergies to mechanically unstable phases. However, unless the space of possible\ndeformations is low-dimensional and a priori known, this problem is numerically\ndifficult, as it involves minimizing a function under a constraint on its\nHessian, which is computionally prohibitive to obtain in low symmetry systems,\nespecially if electronic structure calculations are used. We propose a method\nthat is inspired by the well-known dimer method for saddle point searches but\nthat adds the necessary ingredients to solve for the lowest onset of mechanical\ninstability. The method consists of two nested optimization problems. The inner\none involves a dimer-like construction to find the direction of smallest\ncurvature as well as the gradient of this curvature function. The outer\noptimization then minimizes energy using the result of the inner optimization\nproblem to constrain the search to the hypersurface enclosing all points of\nzero minimum curvature. Example applications to both model systems and\nelectronic structure calculations are given.",
        "positive": "Generalized Gibbs canonical ensemble: A possible physical scenario: After reviewing some fundamental results derived from the introduction of the\ngeneralized Gibbs canonical ensemble, such as the called thermodynamic\nuncertainty relation, it is described a physical scenario where such a\ngeneralized ensemble naturally appears as a consequence of a modification of\nthe energetic interchange mechanism between the interest system and its\nsurrounding, which could be relevant within the framework of long-range\ninteracting systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solitary cluster waves in periodic potentials: Formation, propagation,\n  and soliton-mediated particle transport: Transport processes in crowded periodic structures are often mediated by\ncooperative movements of particles forming clusters. Recent theoretical and\nexperimental studies of driven Brownian motion of hard spheres showed that\ncluster-mediated transport in one-dimensional periodic potentials can proceed\nin form of solitary waves. We here give a comprehensive description of these\nsolitons. Fundamental for our analysis is a static presoliton state, which is\nformed by a periodic arrangements of basic stable clusters. Their size follows\nfrom a geometric principle of minimum free space. Adding one particle to the\npresoliton state gives rise to solitons. We derive the minimal number of\nparticles needed for soliton formation, number of solitons at larger particle\nnumbers, soliton velocities and soliton-mediated particle currents. Incomplete\nrelaxations of the basic clusters are responsible for an effective repulsive\nsoliton-soliton interaction seen in measurements. Our results provide a\ntheoretical basis for describing experiments on cluster-mediated particle\ntransport in periodic potentials.",
        "positive": "Nonmonotonic dependence of the absolute entropy on temperature in\n  supercooled Stillinger-Weber silicon: Using a recently developed thermodynamic integration method, we compute the\nprecise values of the excess Gibbs free energy (G^e) of the high density liquid\n(HDL) phase with respect to the crystalline phase at different temperatures (T)\nin the supercooled region of the Stillinger-Weber (SW) silicon [F. H.\nStillinger and T. A. Weber, Phys. Rev. B. 32, 5262 (1985)]. Based on the slope\nof G^e with respect to T, we find that the absolute entropy of the HDL phase\nincreases as its enthalpy changes from the equilibrium value at T \\ge 1065 K to\nthe value corresponding to a non-equilibrium state at 1060 K. We find that the\nvolume distribution in the equilibrium HDL phases become progressively broader\nas the temperature is reduced to 1060 K, exhibiting van-der-Waals (VDW) loop in\nthe pressure-volume curves. Our results provides insight into the thermodynamic\ncause of the transition from the HDL phase to the low density phases in SW\nsilicon, observed in earlier studies near 1060 K at zero pressure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Empirical Regularities in Distributions of Individual Consumption\n  Expenditure: We empirically investigate distributions of individual consumption\nexpenditure f or four commodity categories conditional on fixed income levels.\nThe data stems from the Family Expenditure Survey carried out annually in the\nUnited Kingdom. W e use graphical techniques to test for normality and\nlognormality of these distributions. While mainstream economic theory does not\npredict any structure for these distributions, we find that in at least three\ncommodity categories individual consumption expenditure conditional on a fixed\nincome level is lognormally distributed.",
        "positive": "Solvent-induced symmetry breaking and second order phase transitions: The triiodide ion is an example of a system where symmetry-breaking may be\ninduced by a solvent. The Landau free energy is expected to have a similar form\nto that for the mean field Ising model, but with solvent strength rather than\ntemperature as the control parameter determining whether there is symmetry\nbreaking. In order to examine the possibility of critical phenomena we have\nstudied the properties of the ion in solvents based on a model for water with\ncharges scaled which causes a change from strong symmetry breaking to no\nsymmetry breaking. The behavior of the susceptibility and the Shannon entropy\nnear the critical point show no divergences. We examine the behavior of a\nsimple model and show that divergences would only be expected in the limit of\nlow temperatures, and the essential difference between the solvent-induced\nsymmetry breaking and the mean field Ising model is that in the latter the\nobserved quantity is an average over many spins, while in the former\nobservations are made on individual molecules."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collective charge fluctuations and Casimir interactions for quasi\n  one-dimensional metals: We investigate the Casimir interaction between two parallel metallic\ncylinders and between a metallic cylinder and plate. The material properties of\nthe metallic objects are implemented by the plasma, Drude and perfect metal\nmodel dielectric functions. We calculate the Casimir interaction numerically at\nall separation distances and analytically at large separations. The\nlarge-distance asymptotic interaction between one plasma cylinder parallel to\nanother plasma cylinder or plate does not depend on the material properties,\nbut for a Drude cylinder it depends on the dc conductivity $\\sigma$. At\nintermediate separations, for plasma cylinders the asymptotic interaction\ndepends on the plasma wave length $\\lambda_{\\rm p}$ while for Drude cylinders\nthe Casimir interaction can become independent of the material properties. We\nconfirm the analytical results by the numerics and show that at short\nseparations, the numerical results approach the proximity force approximation.",
        "positive": "Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Directed Percolation with Many Colors:\n  Differentiation of Species in the Gribov Process: A general field theoretic model of directed percolation with many colors that\nis equivalent to a population model (Gribov process) with many species near\ntheir extinction thresholds is presented. It is shown that the multicritical\nbehavior is always described by the well known exponents of Reggeon field\ntheory. In addition this universal model shows an instability that leads in\ngeneral to a total asymmetry between each pair of species of a cooperative\nsociety."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Stochastic Liouvillian Algorithm to Simulate Dissipative Quantum\n  Dynamics With Arbitrary Precision: An exact and efficient new method to simulate dynamics in dissipative quantum\nsystems is presented. A stochastic Liouville equation, deduced from Feynman and\nVernon's path-integral expression of the reduced density matrix, is used to\ndescribe the exact dynamics at any dissipative strength and for arbitrarily low\ntemperatures. The utility of the method is demonstrated by applications to a\ndamped harmonic oscillator and a double-well system immersed in an Ohmic bath\nat low temperatures.",
        "positive": "Data compression and learning in time sequences analysis: Motivated by the problem of the definition of a distance between two\nsequences of characters, we investigate the so-called learning process of\ntypical sequential data compression schemes. We focus on the problem of how a\ncompression algorithm optimizes its features at the interface between two\ndifferent sequences $A$ and $B$ while zipping the sequence $A+B$ obtained by\nsimply appending $B$ after $A$. We show the existence of a universal scaling\nfunction (the so-called learning function) which rules the way in which the\ncompression algorithm learns a sequence $B$ after having compressed a sequence\n$A$. In particular it turns out that it exists a crossover length for the\nsequence $B$, which depends on the relative entropy between $A$ and $B$, below\nwhich the compression algorithm does not learn the sequence $B$ (measuring in\nthis way the relative entropy between $A$ and $B$) and above which it starts\nlearning $B$, i.e. optimizing the compression using the specific features of\n$B$. We check the scaling function on three main classes of systems: Bernoulli\nschemes, Markovian sequences and the symbolic dynamic generated by a non\ntrivial chaotic system (the Lozi map). As a last application of the method we\npresent the results of a recognition experiment, namely recognize which\ndynamical systems produced a given time sequence. We finally point out the\npotentiality of these results for segmentation purposes, i.e. the\nidentification of homogeneous sub-sequences in heterogeneous sequences (with\napplications in various fields from genetic to time-series analysis)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Laplacian spectra of complex networks and random walks on them: Are\n  scale-free architectures really important?: We study the Laplacian operator of an uncorrelated random network and, as an\napplication, consider hopping processes (diffusion, random walks, signal\npropagation, etc.) on networks. We develop a strict approach to these problems.\nWe derive an exact closed set of integral equations, which provide the averages\nof the Laplacian operator's resolvent. This enables us to describe the\npropagation of a signal and random walks on the network. We show that the\ndetermining parameter in this problem is the minimum degree $q_m$ of vertices\nin the network and that the high-degree part of the degree distribution is not\nthat essential. The position of the lower edge of the Laplacian spectrum\n$\\lambda_c$ appears to be the same as in the regular Bethe lattice with the\ncoordination number $q_m$. Namely, $\\lambda_c>0$ if $q_m>2$, and $\\lambda_c=0$\nif $q_m\\leq2$. In both these cases the density of eigenvalues\n$\\rho(\\lambda)\\to0$ as $\\lambda\\to\\lambda_c+0$, but the limiting behaviors near\n$\\lambda_c$ are very different. In terms of a distance from a starting vertex,\nthe hopping propagator is a steady moving Gaussian, broadening with time. This\npicture qualitatively coincides with that for a regular Bethe lattice. Our\nanalytical results include the spectral density $\\rho(\\lambda)$ near\n$\\lambda_c$ and the long-time asymptotics of the autocorrelator and the\npropagator.",
        "positive": "Shaken Dynamics on the 3-D Cubic Lattice: On the space of $\\pm 1$ spin configurations on the 3$d$-square lattice, we\nconsider the \\emph{shaken dynamics}, a parallel Markovian dynamics that can be\ninterpreted in terms of Probabilistic Cellular Automata. The transition\nprobabilities are defined in terms of pair ferromagnetic Ising-type\nHamiltonians with nearest neighbor interaction $J$, depending on an additional\nparameter $q$, measuring the tendency of the system to remain locally in the\nsame state. Odd times and even times have different transition probabilities.\nWe compute the stationary measure of the shaken dynamics and we investigate its\nrelation with the Gibbs measure for the 3$d$ Ising model. It turns out that the\ntwo parameters $J$ and $q$ tune the geometry of the underlying lattice. We\nconjecture the existence of unique line of critical points in $J-q$ plane. By a\njudicious use of perturbative methods we delimit the region where such curve\nmust lie and we perform numerical simulation to determine it. Our method allows\nus to find in a unified way the critical values of $J$ for Ising model with\nfirst neighbors interaction, defined on a whole class of lattices, intermediate\nbetween the two-dimensional hexagonal and the three-dimensional cubic one, such\nas, for example, the tetrahedral lattice. Finally we estimate the critical\nexponents of the magnetic susceptibility and show that our model captures a\ndimensional transition in the geometry of the system at $q = 0$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Plasmon spectrum of degenerated electron gas. T=0 Green function method.\n  Detailed pedagogical derivation: Plasmon spectrum and polarization operator of 1, 2, and 3 dimensional\nelectron gas are calculated by T=0 Green function technique. It is shown that\nthis field theory method gives probably the simplest pedagogical derivation of\nthe statistical problem for the response function. The explanation is\ncomplimentary to the standard courses on condensed matter and plasma physics of\nthe level of IX volume of Landau-Lifshitz encyclopedia on theoretical physics.",
        "positive": "Classical spin Hamiltonians are context-sensitive languages: Classical spin Hamiltonians are a powerful tool to model complex systems,\ncharacterised by a local structure given by the local Hamiltonians. One of the\nbest understood local structures is the grammar of formal languages, which are\ncentral in computer science and linguistics, and have a natural complexity\nmeasure given by the Chomsky hierarchy. If we see classical spin Hamiltonians\nas languages, what grammar do the local Hamiltonians correspond to? Here we\ncast classical spin Hamiltonians as formal languages, and classify them in the\nChomsky hierarchy. We prove that the language of (effectively) zero-dimensional\nspin Hamiltonians is regular, one-dimensional spin Hamiltonians is\ndeterministic context-free, and higher-dimensional and all-to-all spin\nHamiltonians is context-sensitive. This provides a new complexity measure for\nclassical spin Hamiltonians, which captures the hardness of recognising spin\nconfigurations and their energies. We compare it to the computational\ncomplexity of the ground state energy problem, and find a different\neasy-to-hard threshold for the Ising model. We also investigate the dependence\non the language of the spin Hamiltonian. Finally, we define the language of the\ntime evolution of a spin Hamiltonian and classify it in the Chomsky hierarchy.\nOur work suggests that universal spin models are weaker than universal Turing\nmachines."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy-driven pumping across zeolites and biological channels: When two binary solutions are separated by a permeable barrier, the\nindividual species typically diffuse and mix, dissipating their chemical\npotential gradients. However, we use model lattice simulations to show that\nsingle-file molecular-sized channels (such biomembrane channels and zeolites)\ncan exhibit diffusional pumping, where one type of particle uses its entropy of\nmixing to drive another up its chemical potential gradient. Quantitative\nanalyses of rates and efficiencies of transport are plotted as functions of\ntransmembrane potential, pore length, and particle-pore interactions. Our\nresults qualitatively explain recent measurements of ``negative'' osmosis and\nsuggest new, more systematic experiments, particularly in zeolite transport\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Hysteresis and compensation behaviors of spin-1 hexagonal Ising nanowire: An effective-field theory with correlations has been used to study the\nhysteresis, susceptibility and compensation behaviors of the spin-1 hexagonal\nIsing nanowire (HIN) with core-shell structure. The effects of the temperature,\ncrystal field, core-shell interfacial coupling and shell surface coupling are\ninvestigated on hysteresis and compensation behaviors, in detail. When the\ncore-shell interfacial coupling is weak, the double and triple hysteresis loops\ncan be seen in the system. The hysteresis loops have different coercive field\npoints that the susceptibility make peak at these points. Moreover, we observed\nthat the system displays the Q-, R-, S-, P-, N- and W-types of compensation\nbehaviors according to Ne\\'el classification nomenclature. Finally, the\nobtaining results are compared with some experimental and theoretical results\nand found a good agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Derivation of Semiclassical Kinetic Theory in the Presence of\n  Non-Abelian Berry Curvature: In quantum mechanics it is often required to describe in a semiclassical\napproximation the motion of particles moving within a given energy band. Such a\nrepresentation leads to the appearance of an analogues of fictitious forces in\nthe semiclassical equations of motion associated with the Berry curvature. The\npurpose of this paper is to derive systematically the kinetic Boltzmann\nequations displaying these effects in the case that the band is degenerate, and\nas such the Berry curvature is non-Abelian. We use the formalism of phase-space\nquantum mechanics to derive the results.",
        "positive": "On the foundation of equilibrium quantum statistical mechanics: We discuss the condition for the validity of equilibrium quantum statistical\nmechanics in the light of recent developments in the understanding of classical\nand quantum chaotic motion. In particular, the ergodicity parameter is shown to\nprovide the conditions under which quantum statistical distributions can be\nderived from the quantum dynamics of a classical ergodic Hamiltonian system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin-spin Correlation in Some Excited States of Transverse Ising Model: We consider the transverse Ising model in one dimension with\nnearest-neighbour interaction and calculate exactly the longitudinal spin-spin\ncorrelation for a class of excited states. These states are known to play an\nimportant role in the perturbative treatment of one-dimensional transverse\nIsing model with frustrated second-neighbour interaction. To calculate the\ncorrelation, we follow the earlier procedure of Wu, use Szego's theorem and\nalso use Fisher-Hartwig conjecture. The result is that the correlation decays\nalgebraically with distance ($n$) as $1/\\surd n$ and is oscillatory or\nnon-oscillatory depending on the magnitude of the transverse field.",
        "positive": "Stiffness of random walks with reflecting boundary conditions: We study the distribution of occupation times for a one-dimensional random\nwalk restricted to a finite interval by reflecting boundary conditions. At\nshort times the classical bimodal distribution due to L\\'evy is reproduced with\nwalkers staying mostly either left or right to the initial point. With\nincreasing time, however, the boundaries suppress large excursions from the\nstarting point, and the distribution becomes unimodal converging to a\n$\\delta$-distribution in the long time limit. An approximate spectral analysis\nof the underlying Fokker-Planck equation yields results in excellent agreement\nwith numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal ratchet effects in ferrofluids: Rotational Brownian motion of colloidal magnetic particles in ferrofluids\nunder the influence of an oscillating external magnetic field is investigated.\nIt is shown that for a suitable time dependence of the magnetic field, a noise\ninduced rotation of the ferromagnetic particles due to rectification of thermal\nfluctuations takes place. Via viscous coupling, the associated angular momentum\nis transferred from the magnetic nano-particles to the carrier liquid and can\nthen be measured as macroscopic torque on the fluid sample. A thorough\ntheoretical analysis of the effect in terms of symmetry considerations,\nanalytical approximations, and numerical solutions is given which is in\naccordance with recent experimental findings.",
        "positive": "Stretching chimeric DNA: a test for the putative S-form: Double-stranded DNA `overstretches' at a pulling force of about 65 pN,\nincreasing in length by a factor of 1.7. The nature of the overstretched state\nis unknown, despite its considerable importance for DNA's biological function\nand technological application. Overstretching is thought by some to be a\nforce-induced denaturation, and by others to consist of a transition to an\nelongated, hybridized state called S-DNA. Within a statistical mechanical model\nwe consider the effect upon overstretching of extreme sequence heterogeneity.\n`Chimeric' sequences possessing halves of markedly different AT composition\nelongate under fixed external conditions via distinct, spatially segregated\ntransitions. The corresponding force-extension data display two plateaux at\nforces whose difference varies with pulling rate in a manner that depends\nqualitatively upon whether the hybridized S-form is accessible. This\nobservation implies a test for S-DNA that could be performed in experiment. Our\nresults suggest that qualitatively different, spatially segregated\nconformational transitions can occur at a single thermodynamic state within\nsingle molecules of DNA."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unsupervised learning of anomalous diffusion data: The characterization of diffusion processes is a keystone in our\nunderstanding of a variety of physical phenomena. Many of these deviate from\nBrownian motion, giving rise to anomalous diffusion. Various theoretical models\nexists nowadays to describe such processes, but their application to\nexperimental setups is often challenging, due to the stochastic nature of the\nphenomena and the difficulty to harness reliable data. The latter often\nconsists on short and noisy trajectories, which are hard to characterize with\nusual statistical approaches. In recent years, we have witnessed an impressive\neffort to bridge theory and experiments by means of supervised machine learning\ntechniques, with astonishing results. In this work, we explore the use of\nunsupervised methods in anomalous diffusion data. We show that the main\ndiffusion characteristics can be learnt without the need of any labelling of\nthe data. We use such method to discriminate between anomalous diffusion models\nand extract their physical parameters. Moreover, we explore the feasibility of\nfinding novel types of diffusion, in this case represented by compositions of\nexisting diffusion models. At last, we showcase the use of the method in\nexperimental data and demonstrate its advantages for cases where supervised\nlearning is not applicable.",
        "positive": "Well-Tempered Metadynamics: A Smoothly Converging and Tunable\n  Free-Energy Method: We present a method for determining the free energy dependence on a selected\nnumber of collective variables using an adaptive bias. The formalism provides a\nunified description which has metadynamics and canonical sampling as limiting\ncases. Convergence and errors can be rigorously and easily controlled. The\nparameters of the simulation can be tuned so as to focus the computational\neffort only on the physically relevant regions of the order parameter space.\nThe algorithm is tested on the reconstruction of alanine dipeptide free energy\nlandscape."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Coherence and Decoherence in Magnetic Nanostructures: The prospect of developing magnetic qubits is discussed. The first part of\nthe article makes suggestions on how to achieve the coherent quantum\nsuperposition of spin states in small ferromagnetic clusters, weakly\nuncompensated antiferromagnetic clusters, and magnetic molecules. The second\npart of the article deals with mechanisms of decoherence expected in magnetic\nsystems. Main decohering effects are coming from nuclear spins and magnetic\nfields. They can be reduced by isotopic purification and superconducting\nshielding. In that case the time reversal symmetry of spin Hamiltonians makes\nspin-phonon coupling ineffective in destroying quantum coherence.",
        "positive": "A phase-field-crystal approach to critical nuclei: We investigate a phase-field-crystal model for homogeneous nucleation.\nInstead of solving the time evolution of a density field towards equilibrium we\nuse a String Method to identify saddle points in phase space. The saddle points\nallow to obtain the nucleation barrier and the critical nucleus. The advantage\nof using the phase-field-crystal model for this task is its ability to resolve\natomistic effects. The obtained results indicate different properties of the\ncritical nucleus compared with bulk crystals and show a detailed description of\nthe nucleation process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviations for a stochastic model of heat flow: We investigate a one dimensional chain of $2N$ harmonic oscillators in which\nneighboring sites have their energies redistributed randomly. The sites $-N$\nand $N$ are in contact with thermal reservoirs at different temperature\n$\\tau_-$ and $\\tau_+$. Kipnis, Marchioro, and Presutti \\cite{KMP} proved that\nthis model satisfies {}Fourier's law and that in the hydrodynamical scaling\nlimit, when $N \\to \\infty$, the stationary state has a linear energy density\nprofile $\\bar \\theta(u)$, $u \\in [-1,1]$. We derive the large deviation\nfunction $S(\\theta(u))$ for the probability of finding, in the stationary\nstate, a profile $\\theta(u)$ different from $\\bar \\theta(u)$. The function\n$S(\\theta)$ has striking similarities to, but also large differences from, the\ncorresponding one of the symmetric exclusion process. Like the latter it is\nnonlocal and satisfies a variational equation. Unlike the latter it is not\nconvex and the Gaussian normal fluctuations are enhanced rather than suppressed\ncompared to the local equilibrium state. We also briefly discuss more general\nmodel and find the features common in these two and other models whose\n$S(\\theta)$ is known.",
        "positive": "Exactly solvable interacting vertex models: We introduce and solvev a special family of integrable interacting vertex\nmodels that generalizes the well known six-vertex model. In addition to the\nusual nearest-neighbor interactions among the vertices, there exist extra\nhard-core interactions among pair of vertices at larger distances.The\nassociated row-to-row transfer matrices are diagonalized by using the recently\nintroduced matrix product {\\it ansatz}. Similarly as the relation of the\nsix-vertex model with the XXZ quantum chain, the row-to-row transfer matrices\nof these new models are also the generating functions of an infinite set of\ncommuting conserved charges. Among these charges we identify the integrable\ngeneralization of the XXZ chain that contains hard-core exclusion interactions\namong the spins. These quantum chains already appeared in the literature. The\npresent paper explains their integrability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Signatures of Structural Organization: The case of long\n  memory in renewal processes: Identifying and quantifying memory are often critical steps in developing a\nmechanistic understanding of stochastic processes. These are particularly\nchallenging and necessary when exploring processes that exhibit long-range\ncorrelations. The most common signatures employed rely on second-order temporal\nstatistics and lead, for example, to identifying long memory in processes with\npower-law autocorrelation function and Hurst exponent greater than $1/2$.\nHowever, most stochastic processes hide their memory in higher-order temporal\ncorrelations. Information measures---specifically, divergences in the mutual\ninformation between a process' past and future (excess entropy) and minimal\npredictive memory stored in a process' causal states (statistical\ncomplexity)---provide a different way to identify long memory in processes with\nhigher-order temporal correlations. However, there are no ergodic stationary\nprocesses with infinite excess entropy for which information measures have been\ncompared to autocorrelation functions and Hurst exponents. Here, we show that\nfractal renewal processes---those with interevent distribution tails $\\propto\nt^{-\\alpha}$---exhibit long memory via a phase transition at $\\alpha = 1$.\nExcess entropy diverges only there and statistical complexity diverges there\nand for all $\\alpha < 1$. When these processes do have power-law\nautocorrelation function and Hurst exponent greater than $1/2$, they do not\nhave divergent excess entropy. This analysis breaks the intuitive association\nbetween these different quantifications of memory. We hope that the methods\nused here, based on causal states, provide some guide as to how to construct\nand analyze other long memory processes.",
        "positive": "Eulerian Walkers as a model of Self-Organised Criticality: We propose a new model of self-organized criticality. A particle is dropped\nat random on a lattice and moves along directions specified by arrows at each\nsite. As it moves, it changes the direction of the arrows according to fixed\nrules. On closed graphs these walks generate Euler circuits. On open graphs,\nthe particle eventually leaves the system, and a new particle is then added.\nThe operators corresponding to particle addition generate an abelian group,\nsame as the group for the Abelian Sandpile model on the graph. We determine the\ncritical steady state and some critical exponents exactly, using this\nequivalence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A hybrid percolation transition at a finite transition point in\n  scale-free networks: Percolation transition (PT) means the formation of a macroscopic-scale large\ncluster, which exhibits a continuous transition. However, when the growth of\nlarge clusters is globally suppressed, the type of PT is changed to a\ndiscontinuous transition for random networks. A question arises as to whether\nthe type of PT is also changed for scale-free (SF) network, because the\nexistence of hubs incites the formation of a giant cluster. Here, we apply a\nglobal suppression rule to the static model for SF networks, and investigate\nproperties of the PT. We find that even for SF networks with the degree\nexponent $2 < \\lambda <3$, a hybrid PT occurs at a finite transition point\n$t_c$, which we can control by the suppression strength. The order parameter\njumps at $t_c^-$ and exhibits a critical behavior at $t_c^+$.",
        "positive": "Determination of the Equation of State of a Two-Component Fermi Gas at\n  Unitarity: We report on the measurement of the equation of state of a two-component\nFermi gas of $^6$Li atoms with resonant interactions. By analyzing the\n\\textit{in situ} density distributions of a population-imbalanced Fermi mixture\nreported in the recent experiment [Y. Shin \\textit{et al.}, Nature\n\\textbf{451}, 689 (2008)], we determine the energy density of a resonantly\ninteracting Fermi gas as a function of the densities of the two components. We\npresent a method to determine the equation of state directly from the shape of\nthe trapped cloud, where the fully-polarized, non-interacting ideal Fermi gas\nin the outer region provides the absolute calibration of particle density. From\nthe density profiles obtained at the lowest temperature, we estimate the\nzero-temperature equation of state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise Reduction and Universality in Limited Mobility Models of\n  Nonequilibrium Growth: We show that a multiple hit noise reduction technique involving the\nacceptance of only a fraction of the allowed atomistic deposition events could,\nby significantly suppressing the formation of high steps and deep grooves,\ngreatly facilitate the identification of the universality class of limited\nmobility discrete solid-on-solid conserved nonequilibrium models of epitaxial\ngrowth. In particular, the critical growth exponents of the discrete one\ndimensional molecular beam epitaxy growth model are definitively determined\nusing the noise reduction technique, and the universality class is established\nto be that of the nonlinear continuum fourth order conserved epitaxial growth\nequation.",
        "positive": "Bistable switching asymptotics for the self regulating gene: A simple stochastic model of a self regulating gene that displays bistable\nswitching is analyzed. While on, a gene transcribes mRNA at a constant rate.\nTranscription factors can bind to the DNA and affect the gene's transcription\nrate. Before an mRNA is degraded, it synthesizes protein, which in turn\nregulates gene activity by influencing the activity of transcription factors.\nProtein is slowly removed from the system through degradation. Depending on how\nthe protein regulates gene activity, the protein concentration can exhibit\nnoise induced bistable switching. An asymptotic approximation of the mean\nswitching rate is derived that includes the pre exponential factor, which\nimproves upon a previously reported logarithmically accurate approximation.\nWith the improved accuracy, a uniformly accurate approximation of the\nstationary probability density, describing the gene, mRNA copy number, and\nprotein concentration is also obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimizing Traffic in Virtual and Real Space: We show how optimization methods from economics known as portfolio strategies\ncan be used for minimizing download times in the Internet and travel times in\nfreeway traffic. While for Internet traffic, there is an optimal restart\nfrequency for requesting data, freeway traffic can be optimized by a small\npercentage of vehicles coming from on-ramps. Interestingly, the portfolio\nstrategies can decrease the average waiting or travel times, respectively, as\nwell as their standard deviation (``risk''). In general, portfolio strategies\nare applicable to systems, in which the distribution of the quantity to be\noptimized is broad.",
        "positive": "Extension of Kirkwood-Buff Theory to the Canonical Ensemble: Kirkwood-Buff (KB) integrals are notoriously difficult to converge from a\ncanonical simulation because they require estimating the grand-canonical radial\ndistribution. The same essential difficulty is encountered when attempting to\nestimate the direct correlation function of Ornstein-Zernike theory by\ninverting the pair correlation functions. We present a new theory that applies\nto the entire, finite, simulation volume, so that no cutoff issues arise at\nall. The theory gives the direct correlation function for closed systems, while\nsmoothness of the direct correlation function in reciprocal space allows\ncalculating canonical KB integrals via a well-posed extrapolation to the\norigin. The present analysis method represents an improvement over previous\nwork because it makes use of the entire simulation volume and its convergence\ncan be accelerated using known properties of the direct correlation function.\nUsing known interaction energy functions can make this extrapolation near\nperfect accuracy in the low-density case. Because finite size effects are\nstronger in the canonical than the grand-canonical ensemble, we state ensemble\ncorrection formulas for the chemical potential and the KB coefficients. The new\ntheory is illustrated with both analytical and simulation results on the 1D\nIsing model and a supercritical Lennard-Jones fluid. For the latter, the\nfinite-size corrections are shown to be small."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations of Entropy Production in Partially Masked Electric\n  Circuits: Theoretical Analysis: In this work we perform theoretical analysis about a coupled RC circuit with\nconstant driven currents. Starting from stochastic differential equations,\nwhere voltages are subject to thermal noises, we derive time-correlation\nfunctions, steady-state distributions and transition probabilities of the\nsystem. The validity of the fluctuation theorem (FT) is examined for scenarios\nwith complete and incomplete descriptions.",
        "positive": "Symmetry broken motion of a periodically driven Brownian particle:\n  nonadiabatic regime: We report a theoretical study of an overdamped Brownian particle dynamics in\nthe presence of both a spatially modulated one-dimensional periodic potential\nand a periodic alternating force (AF). As the periodic potential has a low\nsymmetry (a ratchet potential) the Brownian particle displays a broken symmetry\nmotion with a nonzero time average velocity. By making use of the Green\nfunction method and a mapping to the theory of Brillouin bands the probability\ndistribution of the particle coordinate is derived and the nonlinear dependence\nof the macroscopic velocity on the frequency and the amplitude of AF is found.\nIn particular, our theory allows to go beyond the adiabatic limit and to\nexplain the peculiar reversal of the velocity sign found previously in the\nnumerical analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local interactions and non-Abelian quantum loop gases: Two-dimensional quantum loop gases are elementary examples of topological\nground states with Abelian or non-Abelian anyonic excitations. While Abelian\nloop gases appear as ground states of local, gapped Hamiltonians such as the\ntoric code, we show that gapped non-Abelian loop gases require non-local\ninteractions (or non-trivial inner products). Perturbing a local, gapless\nHamiltonian with an anticipated ``non-Abelian'' ground-state wavefunction\nimmediately drives the system into the Abelian phase, as can be seen by\nmeasuring the Hausdorff dimension of loops. Local quantum critical behavior is\nfound in a loop gas in which all equal-time correlations of local operators\ndecay exponentially.",
        "positive": "Determinant representation for some transition probabilities in the\n  TASEP with second class particles: We study the transition probabilities for the totally asymmetric simple\nexclusion process (TASEP) on the infinite integer lattice with a finite, but\narbitrary number of first and second class particles. Using the Bethe ansatz we\npresent an explicit expression of these quantities in terms of the Bethe wave\nfunction. In a next step it is proved rigorously that this expression can be\nwritten in a compact determinantal form for the case where the order of the\nfirst and second class particles does not change in time. An independent\ngeometrical approach provides insight into these results and enables us to\ngeneralize the determinantal solution to the multi-class TASEP."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A computational mechanics approach to estimate entropy and (approximate)\n  complexity for the dynamics of the 2D Ising Ferromagnet: We present a numerical analysis of the entropy rate and statistical\ncomplexity related to the spin flip dynamics of the 2D Ising Ferromagnet at\ndifferent temperatures T. We follow an information theoretic approach and test\nthree different entropy estimation algorithms to asses entropy rate and\nstatistical complexity of binary sequences. The latter are obtained by\nmonitoring the orientation of a single spin on a square lattice of side-length\nL=256 at a given temperature parameter over time. The different entropy\nestimation procedures are based on the M-block Shannon entropy (a well\nestablished method that yields results for benchmarking purposes),\nnon-sequential recursive pair substitution (providing an elaborate and an\napproximate estimator) and a convenient data compression algorithm contained in\nthe zlib-library (providing an approximate estimator only). We propose an\napproximate measure of statistical complexity that emphasizes on correlations\nwithin the sequence and which is easy to implement, even by means of black-box\ndata compression algorithms. Regarding the 2D Ising Ferromagnet simulated using\nMetropolis dynamics and for binary sequences of finite length, the proposed\napproximate complexity measure is peaked close to the critical temperature. For\nthe approximate estimators, a finite-size scaling analysis reveals that the\npeak approaches the critical temperature as the sequence length increases.\nResults obtained using different spin-flip dynamics are briefly discussed. The\nsuggested complexity measure can be extended to non-binary sequences in a\nstraightforward manner.",
        "positive": "A Monte Carlo study on the temperature dependence of hysteresis loops in\n  Ising Spin-1 Square Bilayers: A Metropolis Monte Carlo simulation is used in this paper to investigate the\ntemperature dependency of the hysteresis loops of a spin-1 bilayer with square\nmonolayers. In this system, the atoms interact ferromagnetically in-plane, with\neither ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic interplane interactions. The effects\nof four distinct combinations of the Hamiltonian parameters on the hysteresis\nbehaviours are discussed in detail. The geometry of the hysteresis loops\nchanges depending on how the exchange couplings are combined. With\nferromagnetic interlayer coupling, only the central hysteresis loop opens while\nfor the antiferromagnetic case, the hysteresis loop becomes a double loop for\nthe specific combination of coupling strengths. Additionally, in all these\ncases, the area of the hysteresis loops grows with the gradual lowering of the\ntemperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The q-exponential family in statistical physics: The Boltzmann-Gibbs probability distribution, seen as a statistical model,\nbelongs to the exponential family. Recently, the latter concept has been\ngeneralized. The q-exponential family has been shown to be relevant for the\nstatistical description of small isolated systems. Two main applications are\nreviewed: 1. The distribution of the momentum of a single particle is a\nq-Gaussian, the distribution of its velocity is a deformed Maxwellian; 2. The\nconfigurational density distribution belongs to the q-exponential family. The\ndefinition of the temperature of small isolated systems is discussed. It\ndepends on defining the thermodynamic entropy of a microcanonical ensemble in a\nsuitable manner. The simple example of non-interacting harmonic oscillators\nshows that Renyi's entropy functional leads to acceptable results.",
        "positive": "Extracting work from the magnetic field coupled Brownian particles: Thermodynamics of the magnetic field coupled Brownian particles is studied.\nWe show that in the presence of the magnetic field, work can be extracted from\nthe reservoir even when the measurement operation and the potential change\noperation are applied in different spatial directions. In particular, we show\nthat more work can be extracted if the measurements are applied in two\ndifferent directions simultaneously. In all these cases, we show that the\ngeneralized second law involving the measurement information and potential\nchange is satisfied. In addition, we show how the continuous potential change\nand measurement position affect the work extraction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fragmentation of Random Trees: We study fragmentation of a random recursive tree into a forest by repeated\nremoval of nodes. The initial tree consists of N nodes and it is generated by\nsequential addition of nodes with each new node attaching to a\nrandomly-selected existing node. As nodes are removed from the tree, one at a\ntime, the tree dissolves into an ensemble of separate trees, namely, a forest.\nWe study statistical properties of trees and nodes in this heterogeneous\nforest, and find that the fraction of remaining nodes m characterizes the\nsystem in the limit N --> infty. We obtain analytically the size density phi_s\nof trees of size s. The size density has power-law tail phi_s ~ s^(-alpha) with\nexponent alpha=1+1/m. Therefore, the tail becomes steeper as further nodes are\nremoved, and the fragmentation process is unusual in that exponent alpha\nincreases continuously with time. We also extend our analysis to the case where\nnodes are added as well as removed, and obtain the asymptotic size density for\ngrowing trees.",
        "positive": "Scale-free networks embedded in fractal space: The impact of inhomogeneous arrangement of nodes in space on network\norganization cannot be neglected in most of real-world scale-free networks.\nHere, we wish to suggest a model for a geographical network with nodes embedded\nin a fractal space in which we can tune the network heterogeneity by varying\nthe strength of the spatial embedding. When the nodes in such networks have\npower-law distributed intrinsic weights, the networks are scale-free with the\ndegree distribution exponent decreasing with increasing fractal dimension if\nthe spatial embedding is strong enough, while the weakly embedded networks are\nstill scale-free but the degree exponent is equal to $\\gamma=2$ regardless of\nthe fractal dimension. We show that this phenomenon is related to the\ntransition from a non-compact to compact phase of the network and that this\ntransition is related to the divergence of the edge length fluctuations. We\ntest our analytically derived predictions on the real-world example of networks\ndescribing the soil porous architecture."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pseudospin and spin-spin interactions in ultra-cold alkali atoms: Ultra-cold alkali atoms trapped in two distinct hyperfine states in an\nexternal magnetic field can mimic magnetic systems of spin 1/2 particles. We\ndescribe the spin-dependent effective interaction as a spin-spin interaction.\nAs a consequence of the zero-range, the interaction of spin 1/2 bosons can be\ndescribed as an Ising or, alternatively, as an XY-coupling. We calculated the\nspin-spin interaction parameters as a function of the external magnetic field\nin the Degenerate Internal State (DIS) approximation. We illustrate the\nadvantage of the spin-spin interaction form by mapping the system of N spin 1/2\nbosons confined by a tight trapping potential on that of N spin 1/2 spins\ncoupled via an infinite range interaction.",
        "positive": "Finite-size scaling exponents in the interacting boson model: We investigate the finite-size scaling exponents for the critical point at\nthe shape phase transition from U(5) (spherical) to O(6) (deformed\n$\\gamma$-unstable) dynamical symmetries of the Interacting Boson Model, making\nuse of the Holstein-Primakoff boson expansion and the continuous unitary\ntransformation technique. We compute exactly the leading order correction to\nthe ground state energy, the gap, the expectation value of the $d$-boson number\nin the ground state and the $E2$ transition probability from the ground state\nto the first excited state, and determine the corresponding finite-size scaling\nexponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ultrarelativistic Transport Coefficients in Two Dimensions: We compute the shear and bulk viscosities, as well as the thermal\nconductivity of an ultrarelativistic fluid obeying the relativistic Boltzmann\nequation in 2+1 space-time dimensions. The relativistic Boltzmann equation is\ntaken in the single relaxation time approximation, based on two approaches, the\nfirst, due to Marle and using the Eckart decomposition, and the second,\nproposed by Anderson and Witting and using the Landau-Lifshitz decomposition.\nIn both cases, the local equilibrium is given by a Maxwell-Juettner\ndistribution. It is shown that, apart from slightly different numerical\nprefactors, the two models lead to a different dependence of the transport\ncoefficients on the fluid temperature, quadratic and linear, for the case of\nMarle and Anderson-Witting, respectively. However, by modifying the Marle model\naccording to the prescriptions given in Ref.[1], it is found that the\ntemperature dependence becomes the same as for the Anderson-Witting model.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics of chemically-powered synthetic\n  nanomotors: Colloidal motors without moving parts can be propelled by\nself-diffusiophoresis, coupling molecular concentration gradients generated by\nsurface chemical reactions to the velocity slip between solid Janus particles\nand the surrounding fluid solution. The interfacial properties involved in this\npropulsion mechanism can be described by nonequilibrium thermodynamics and\nstatistical mechanics, disclosing the fundamental role of microreversibility in\nthe coupling between motion and reaction. Among other phenomena, the approach\npredicts that propulsion by fuel consumption has the reciprocal effect of fuel\nsynthesis by mechanical action."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boltzmann-Ginzburg-Landau approach for continuous descriptions of\n  generic Vicsek-like models: We describe a generic theoretical framework, denoted as the\nBoltzmann-Ginzburg-Landau approach, to derive continuous equations for the\npolar and/or nematic order parameters describing the large scale behavior of\nassemblies of point-like active particles interacting through polar or nematic\nalignment rules. Our study encompasses three main classes of dry active\nsystems, namely polar particles with 'ferromagnetic' alignment (like the\noriginal Vicsek model), nematic particles with nematic alignment (\"active\nnematics\"), and polar particles with nematic alignment (\"self-propelled rods\").\nThe Boltzmann-Ginzburg-Landau approach combines a low-density description in\nthe form of a Boltzmann equation, with a Ginzburg-Landau-type expansion close\nto the instability threshold of the disordered state. We provide the generic\nform of the continuous equations obtained for each class, and comment on the\nrelationships and differences with other approaches.",
        "positive": "Surface-induced non-equilibrium dynamics and critical Casimir forces for\n  model B in film geometry: Using analytic and numerical approaches, we study the spatio-temporal\nevolution of a conserved order parameter of a fluid in film geometry, following\nan instantaneous quench to the critical temperature $T_c$ as well as to\nsupercritical temperatures. The order parameter dynamics is chosen to be\ngoverned by model B within mean field theory and is subject to no-flux boundary\nconditions as well as to symmetric surface fields at the confining walls. The\nlatter give rise to critical adsorption of the order parameter at both walls\nand provide the driving force for the non-trivial time evolution of the order\nparameter. During the dynamics, the order parameter is locally and globally\nconserved; thus, at thermal equilibrium, the system represents the canonical\nensemble. We furthermore consider the dynamics of the nonequilibrium critical\nCasimir force, which we obtain based on the generalized force exerted by the\norder parameter field on the confining walls. We identify various asymptotic\nregimes concerning the time evolution of the order parameter and the critical\nCasimir force and we provide, within our approach, exact expressions of the\ncorresponding dynamic scaling functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-exotic theory of 1/f noise as a trace of infralow-frequency\n  fluctuations: This report is aimed at reviving the explanation of flicker-noise\nobservations as the result of spectral measurement of very low-frequency but\nstationary narrow-band fluctuations named as infralow-frequency noise (ILF\nnoise) [A. Ya. Shul'man. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 7, 337 (1981), Sov. Phys. JETP\n54, 420 (1981)]. Such a kind of the spectrum analyzer output takes place when\nthe ILF-noise correlation time is much longer than the analyzer reciprocal\nbandwidth. This result is valid for both analog and digital spectral\nmeasurements. The measured signal is proportional in this case to the mean\nsquare and not to the spectral density of the noise. The equilibrium\ntemperature fluctuations and the defect-motion as mechanisms of $1/f$ noise in\nmetal films are reconsidered from this point of view. It is shown that the\nILF-noise approach allows to remove the main objection against temperature\nfluctuation model and difficulties within the defect-motion model widely\ndiscussed in literature.",
        "positive": "Kinetic Theory of Soft Matter. The Penetrable-Sphere Model: The penetrable-sphere model has been introduced in the literature to describe\nthe peculiar thermodynamic behavior of some colloidal systems. In this model\nthe interaction potential is $\\phi(r)=\\epsilon>0$ if the two spheres are\noverlapped ($r<\\sigma$) and $\\phi(r)=0$ otherwise ($r>\\sigma$). In this paper\nthe shear viscosity, thermal conductivity, and self-diffusion coefficients of a\ndilute gas of penetrable spheres are evaluated. It is found that the effective\ncollision frequency $\\nu(T^*)$ grows as $\\sqrt{T^*}$ up to $T^*\\equiv\nk_BT/\\epsilon\\simeq 0.25$, reaches a maximum at $T^*\\simeq 0.415$ and then\ndecays as ${T^*}^{-3/2}\\log T^*$ for large temperatures. The results are\napplied to the hydrodynamic profiles in the steady Fourier and Couette flows."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partially ionized plasmas in electromagnetic fields: The interaction of partially ionized plasmas with an electromagnetic field is\ninvestigated using quantum statistical methods. A general statistical\nexpression for the current density of a plasma in an electromagnetic field is\npresented and considered in the high field regime. Expressions for the\ncollisional absorption are derived and discussed. Further, partially ionized\nplasmas are considered. Plasma Bloch equations for the description of\nbound-free transitions are given and the absorption coefficient as well as rate\ncoefficients for multiphoton ionization are derived and numerical results are\npresented.",
        "positive": "Microscopic description of the equality between violation of\n  fluctuation-dissipation relation and energy dissipation: In systems far from equilibrium, the fluctuation-dissipation relation is\nviolated due to the lack of detailed balance. Recently, for a class of Langevin\nequations, it has been proved that this violation is related to energy\ndissipation as an equality [T. Harada and S. Sasa, Phys. Rev. Lett., in press;\ncond-mat/0502505]. We provide a microscopic description of this equality by\nstudying a non-equilibrium colloidal system on the basis of classical mechanics\nwith some physical assumptions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on cond-mat/0107371: ``Dynamical exponents of an\n  even-parity-conserving contact process with diffusion'': In cond-mat/0107371, Mendonca proposes that diffusion can change the\nuniversality class of a parity-conserving reaction-diffusion process. In this\ncomment we suggest that this cannot happen, due to symmetry arguments. We also\npresent numerical results from lattice simulations which support these\narguments, and mention a previous result supporting this conclusion.",
        "positive": "Suppressing Roughness of Virtual Times in Parallel Discrete-Event\n  Simulations: In a parallel discrete-event simulation (PDES) scheme, tasks are distributed\namong processing elements (PEs), whose progress is controlled by a\nsynchronization scheme. For lattice systems with short-range interactions, the\nprogress of the conservative PDES scheme is governed by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\nequation from the theory of non-equilibrium surface growth. Although the\nsimulated (virtual) times of the PEs progress at a nonzero rate, their standard\ndeviation (spread) diverges with the number of PEs, hindering efficient data\ncollection. We show that weak random interactions among the PEs can make this\nspread nondivergent. The PEs then progress at a nonzero, near-uniform rate\nwithout requiring global synchronizations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enhanced Sampling in Molecular Dynamics Using Metadynamics,\n  Replica-Exchange, and Temperature-Acceleration: We review a selection of methods for performing enhanced sampling in\nmolecular dynamics simulations. We consider methods based on collective\nvariable biasing and on tempering, and offer both historical and contemporary\nperspectives. In collective-variable biasing, we first discuss methods stemming\nfrom thermodynamic integration that use mean force biasing, including the\nadaptive biasing force algorithm and temperature acceleration. We then turn to\nmethods that use bias potentials, including umbrella sampling and metadynamics.\nWe next consider parallel tempering and replica-exchange methods. We conclude\nwith a brief presentation of some combination methods.",
        "positive": "Exact solutions for models of evolving networks with addition and\n  deletion of nodes: There has been considerable recent interest in the properties of networks,\nsuch as citation networks and the worldwide web, that grow by the addition of\nvertices, and a number of simple solvable models of network growth have been\nstudied. In the real world, however, many networks, including the web, not only\nadd vertices but also lose them. Here we formulate models of the time evolution\nof such networks and give exact solutions for a number of cases of particular\ninterest. For the case of net growth and so-called preferential attachment --\nin which newly appearing vertices attach to previously existing ones in\nproportion to vertex degree -- we show that the resulting networks have\npower-law degree distributions, but with an exponent that diverges as the\ngrowth rate vanishes. We conjecture that the low exponent values observed in\nreal-world networks are thus the result of vigorous growth in which the rate of\naddition of vertices far exceeds the rate of removal. Were growth to slow in\nthe future, for instance in a more mature future version of the web, we would\nexpect to see exponents increase, potentially without bound."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Liouville field theory and log-correlated Random Energy Models: An exact mapping is established between the $c\\geq25$ Liouville field theory\n(LFT) and the Gibbs measure statistics of a thermal particle in a 2D Gaussian\nFree Field plus a logarithmic confining potential. The probability distribution\nof the position of the minimum of the energy landscape is obtained exactly by\ncombining the conformal bootstrap and one-step replica symmetry breaking\nmethods. Operator product expansions in LFT allow to unveil novel universal\nbehaviours of the log-correlated Random Energy class. High precision numerical\ntests are given.",
        "positive": "Intermittent pathways towards a dynamical target: In this paper, we investigate the quest for a single target, that remains\nfixed in a lattice, by a set of independent walkers. The target exhibits a\nfluctuating behavior between trap and ordinary site of the lattice, whereas the\nwalkers perform an intermittent kind of search strategy. Our searchers carry\nout their movements in one of two states between which they switch randomly.\nOne of these states (the exploratory phase) is a symmetric nearest neighbor\nrandom walk and the other state (relocating phase) is a symmetric next-nearest\nneighbor random walk. By using the multistate continuous-time random-walk\napproach we are able to show that for dynamical targets, the intermittent\nstrategy (despite the simplicity of the kinetics chosen for searching) improves\ndetection, in comparison to displacements in a single state. We have obtained\nanalytic results, that can be numerically evaluated, for the Survival\nProbability and for the Lifetime of the target. Thus, we have studied the\ndependence of these quantities both in terms of the transition probability that\ndescribes the dynamics of the target and in terms of the parameter that\ncharacterizes the walkers' intermittency. In addition to our analytical\napproach, we have implemented Monte Carlo simulations, finding excellent\nagreement between the theoretical--numerical results and simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wood compression in four-dimensional in situ tomography: Wood deformation, in particular when subject to compression, exhibits\nscale-free avalanche-like behavior as well as structure-dependent localization\nof deformation. We have taken three-dimensional (3D) x-ray tomographs during\ncompression with constant stress rate loading. Using digital volume\ncorrelation, we obtain the local total strain during the experiment and compare\nit to the global strain and acoustic emission. The wood cells collapse layer by\nlayer throughout the sample starting from the softest parts, i.e., the spring\nwood. As the damage progresses, more and more of the softwood layers throughout\nthe sample collapse, which indicates damage spreading instead of localization.\nIn 3D, one can see a fat-tailed local strain rate distribution, indicating that\ninside the softwood layers, the damage occurs in localized spots. The observed\nlog-normal strain distribution is in agreement with this view of the\ndevelopment of independent local collapses or irreversible deformation events.\nA key feature in the mechanical behavior of wood is then in the complex\ninteraction of localized deformation between or among the annual rings.",
        "positive": "Inhomogeneous MPA and exact steady states of boundary driven spin chains\n  at large dissipation: We find novel site-dependent Lax operators in terms of which we demonstrate\nexact solvability of a dissipatively driven XYZ spin-1/2 chain in the Zeno\nlimit of strong dissipation, with jump operators polarizing the boundary spins\nin arbitrary directions. We write the corresponding nonequilibrium steady state\nusing an inhomogeneous MPA, where the constituent matrices satisfy a simple set\nof linear recurrence relations. Although these matrices can be embedded into an\ninfinite-dimensional auxiliary space, we have verified that they cannot be\nsimultaneously put into a tridiagonal form, not even in the case of axially\nsymmetric (XXZ) bulk interactions and general nonlongitudinal boundary\ndissipation. We expect our results to have further fundamental applications for\nthe construction of nonlocal integrals of motion for the open XYZ model with\narbitrary boundary fields, or the eight-vertex model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Harmonic forcing of an extended oscillatory system: Homogeneous and\n  periodic solutions: In this paper we study the effect of external harmonic forcing on a\none-dimensional oscillatory system described by the complex Ginzburg-Landau\nequation (CGLE). For a sufficiently large forcing amplitude, a homogeneous\nstate with no spatial structure is observed. The state becomes unstable to a\nspatially periodic ``stripe'' state via a supercritical bifurcation as the\nforcing amplitude decreases. An approximate phase equation is derived, and an\nanalytic solution for the stripe state is obtained, through which the\nasymmetric behavior of the stability border of the state is explained. The\nphase equation, in particular the analytic solution, is found to be very useful\nin understanding the stability borders of the homogeneous and stripe states of\nthe forced CGLE.",
        "positive": "Fidelity susceptibility and general quench near an anisotropic quantum\n  critical point: We study the scaling behavior of fidelity susceptibility density $(\\chi_{\\rm\nf})$ at or close to an anisotropic quantum critical point characterized by two\ndifferent correlation length exponents $\\nu_{||}$ and $\\nu_{\\bot}$ along\nparallel and perpendicular spatial directions, respectively. Our studies show\nthat the response of the system due to a small change in the Hamiltonian near\nan anisotropic quantum critical point is different from that seen near an\nisotropic quantum critical point. In particular, for a finite system with\nlinear dimension $L_{||}$ ($L_{\\bot}$) in the parallel (perpendicular)\ndirections, the maximum value of $\\chi_{\\rm f}$ is found to increases in a\npower-law fashion with $L_{||}$ for small $L_{||}$, with an exponent depending\non both $\\nu_{||}$ and $\\nu_{\\bot}$ and eventually crosses over to a scaling\nwith $L_{\\bot}$ for $L_{||}^{1/\\nu_{||}} \\gtrsim L_{\\bot}^{1/\\nu_{\\bot}}$. We\nalso propose scaling relations of heat density and defect density generated\nfollowing a quench starting from an anisotropic quantum critical point and\nconnect them to a generalized fidelity susceptibility. These predictions are\nverified exactly both analytically and numerically taking the example of a\nHamiltonian showing a semi-Dirac band-crossing point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Flow Equations and Normal Ordering: In this paper we consider flow-equations where we allow a normal ordering\nwhich is adjusted to the one-particle energy of the Hamiltonian. We show that\nthis flow converges nearly always to the stable phase. Starting out from the\nsymmetric Hamiltonian and symmetry-broken normal ordering nearly always yields\nsymmetry breaking below the critical temperature.",
        "positive": "Principles of kinetic theory for granular fluids: Highlights are presented regarding recent developments of the kinetic theory\nof granular matter. These concern the discovery of an exact kinetic equation\nand a related exact H-theorem both holding for finite $N-$body systems formed\nby smooth hard-spheres systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase resetting of collective rhythm in ensembles of oscillators: Phase resetting curves characterize the way a system with a collective\nperiodic behavior responds to perturbations. We consider globally coupled\nensembles of Sakaguchi-Kuramoto oscillators, and use the Ott-Antonsen theory of\nensemble evolution to derive the analytical phase resetting equations. We show\nthe final phase reset value to be composed of two parts: an immediate phase\nreset directly caused by the perturbation, and the dynamical phase reset\nresulting from the relaxation of the perturbed system back to its dynamical\nequilibrium. Analytical, semi-analytical and numerical approximations of the\nfinal phase resetting curve are constructed. We support our findings with\nextensive numerical evidence involving identical and non-identical oscillators.\nThe validity of our theory is discussed in the context of large ensembles\napproximating the thermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "Thermalization of isolated harmonic networks under conservative noise: We study a scalar harmonic network with pair interactions and a binary\ncollision rule, exchanging the momenta of a randomly-chosen couple of sites. We\nconsider the case of the isolated network where the total energy is conserved.\nIn the first part, we recast the dynamics as a stochastic map in normal modes\n(or action-angle) coordinates and provide a geometric interpretation of it. We\nformulate the problem for generic networks but, for completeness, also\nreconsider the translation-invariant lattices. In the second part, we examine\nthe kinetic limit and its range of validity. A general form of the linear\ncollision operator in terms of eigenstates of the network is given. This\ndefines an \\textit{action network}, whose connectivity gives information on the\nout-of-equilibrium dynamics. We present a few examples (ordered and disordered\nchains and elastic networks) where the topology of connections in action spaces\ncan be determined in a neat way. As an application, we consider the classic\nproblem of relaxation to equipartition from the point of view of the dynamics\nof linear actions. We compare the results based on the spectrum of the\ncollision operator with numerical simulation, performed with a novel scheme\nbased on direct solution of the equation of motion in normal modes coordinates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of the turbulent energy cascade:\n  irreversibility and response functions: The statistical properties of turbulent flows are fundamentally different\nfrom those of systems at equilibrium due to the presence of an energy flux from\nthe scales of injection to those where energy is dissipated by the viscous\nforces: a scenario dubbed \"direct energy cascade\". From a statistical mechanics\npoint of view, the cascade picture prevents the existence of detailed balance,\nwhich holds at equilibrium, e.g. in the inviscid and unforced case. Here, we\naim at characterizing the non-equilibrium properties of turbulent cascades in a\nshell model of turbulence by studying an asymmetric time-correlation function\nand the relaxation behavior of an energy perturbation, measured at scales\nsmaller or larger than the perturbed one. We shall contrast the behavior of\nthese two observables in both non-equilibrium (forced and dissipated) and\nequilibrium (inviscid and unforced) cases. Finally, we shall show that\nequilibrium and non-equilibrium physics coexist in the same system, namely at\nscales larger and smaller, respectively, of the forcing scale.",
        "positive": "Global density equations for interacting particle systems with\n  stochastic resetting: from overdamped Brownian motion to phase\n  synchronization: A wide range of phenomena in the natural and social sciences involve large\nsystems of interacting particles, including plasmas, collections of galaxies,\ncoupled oscillators, cell aggregations, and economic ``agents'. Kinetic methods\nfor reducing the complexity of such systems typically involve the derivation of\nnonlinear partial differential equations for the corresponding global\ndensities. In recent years there has been considerable interest in the mean\nfield limit of interacting particle systems with long range interactions. Two\nmajor examples are interacting Brownian particles in the overdamped regime and\nthe Kuramoto model of coupled phase oscillators. In this paper we analyze these\nsystems in the presence of local or global stochastic resetting, where the\nposition or phase of each particle independently or simultaneously resets to\nits original value at a random sequence of times generated by a Poisson\nprocess. In each case we derive the Dean-Kawasaki (DK) equation describing\nhydrodynamic fluctuations of the global density, and then use a mean field\nansatz to obtain the corresponding nonlinear McKean-Vlasov (MV) equation in the\nthermodynamic limit. In particular, we show how the MV equation for global\nresetting is driven by a Poisson shot noise process, reflecting the fact that\nresetting is common to all of the particles and thus induces correlations that\ncannot be eliminated by taking a mean field limit. We then investigate the\neffects of local and global resetting on nonequilibrium stationary solutions of\nthe macroscopic dynamics and, in the case of the Kuramoto model, the reduced\ndynamics on the Ott-Antonsen manifold."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How to distinguish the Haldane/Large-D state and the intermediate-D\n  state in an S=2 quantum spin chain with the XXZ and on-site anisotropies: We numerically investigate the ground-state phase diagram of an S=2 quantum\nspin chain with the $XXZ$ and on-site anisotropies described by ${\\mathcal\nH}=\\sum_j (S_j^x S_{j+1}^x+S_j^y S_{j+1}^y+\\Delta S_j^z S_{j+1}^z) + D \\sum_j\n(S_j^z)^2$, where $\\Delta$ denotes the XXZ anisotropy parameter of the\nnearest-neighbor interactions and $D$ the on-site anisotropy parameter. We\nrestrict ourselves to the $\\Delta>0$ and $D>0$ case for simplicity. Our main\npurpose is to obtain the definite conclusion whether there exists or not the\nintermediate-$D$ (ID) phase, which was proposed by Oshikawa in 1992 and has\nbeen believed to be absent since the DMRG studies in the latter half of 1990's.\nIn the phase diagram with $\\Delta>0$ and $D>0$ there appear the XY state, the\nHaldane state, the ID state, the large-$D$ (LD) state and the N\\'eel state. In\nthe analysis of the numerical data it is important to distinguish three gapped\nstates; the Haldane state, the ID state and the LD state. We give a physical\nand intuitive explanation for our level spectroscopy method how to distinguish\nthese three phases.",
        "positive": "Lindbladian dynamics of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model: We study the Lindbladian dynamics of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model, where\nthe SYK model is coupled to Markovian reservoirs with jump operators that are\neither linear or quadratic in the Majorana fermion operators. Here, the linear\njump operators are non-random while the quadratic jump operators are sampled\nfrom a Gaussian distribution. In the limit of large $N$, where $N$ is the\nnumber of Majorana fermion operators, and also in the limit of large $N$ and\n$M$, where $M$ is the number of jump operators, the SYK Lindbladians are\nanalytically tractable, and we obtain their stationary Green's functions, from\nwhich we can read off the decay rate. For finite $N$, we also study the\ndistribution of the eigenvalues of the SYK Lindbladians."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover properties of a one-dimensional reaction-diffusion process\n  with a transport current: One-dimensional non-equilibrium models of particles subjected to a\ncoagulation-diffusion process are important in understanding non-equilibrium\ndynamics, and fluctuation-dissipation relation. We consider in this paper\ntransport properties in finite and semi-infinite one-dimensional chains. A set\nof particles freely hop between nearest-neighbor sites, with the additional\ncondition that, when two particles meet, they merge instantaneously into one\nparticle. A localized source of particle-current is imposed at the origin as\nwell as a non-symmetric hopping rate between the left and right directions\n(particle drift). This model was previously studied with exact results for the\nparticle density by Hinrichsen et al. [1] in the long-time limit. We are\ninterested here in the crossover process between a scaling regime and long-time\nbehavior, starting with a chain filled of particles. As in the previous\nreference [1], we employ the empty-interval-particle method, where the\nprobability of finding an empty interval between two given sites is considered.\nHowever a different method is developed here to treat the boundary conditions\nby imposing the continuity and differentiability of the interval probability,\nwhich allows for a closed and unique solution, especially for any given initial\nparticle configuration. In the finite size case, we find a crossover between\nthe scaling regime and two different exponential decays for the particle\ndensity as function of the input current. Precise asymptotic expressions for\nthe particle-density, and coagulation rate are given.",
        "positive": "Generic Dynamical Phase Transition in One-Dimensional Bulk-Driven\n  Lattice Gases with Exclusion: Dynamical phase transitions are crucial features of the fluctuations of\nstatistical systems, corresponding to boundaries between qualitatively\ndifferent mechanisms of maintaining unlikely values of dynamical observables\nover long periods of time. They manifest themselves in the form of\nnon-analyticities in the large deviation function of those observables. In this\npaper, we look at bulk-driven exclusion processes with open boundaries. It is\nknown that the standard asymmetric simple exclusion process exhibits a\ndynamical phase transition in the large deviations of the current of particles\nflowing through it. That phase transition has been described thanks to specific\ncalculation methods relying on the model being exactly solvable, but more\ngeneral methods have also been used to describe the extreme large deviations of\nthat current, far from the phase transition. We extend those methods to a large\nclass of models based on the ASEP, where we add arbitrary spatial\ninhomogeneities in the rates and short-range potentials between the particles.\nWe show that, as for the regular ASEP, the large deviation function of the\ncurrent scales differently with the size of the system if one considers very\nhigh or very low currents, pointing to the existence of a dynamical phase\ntransition between those two regimes: high current large deviations are\nextensive in the system size, and the typical states associated to them are\nCoulomb gases, which are correlated ; low current large deviations do not\ndepend on the system size, and the typical states associated to them are\nanti-shocks, consistently with a hydrodynamic behaviour. Finally, we illustrate\nour results numerically on a simple example, and we interpret the transition in\nterms of the current pushing beyond its maximal hydrodynamic value, as well as\nrelate it to the appearance of Tracy-Widom distributions in the relaxation\nstatistics of such models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Influence of the first-order contributions to the partial temperatures\n  on transport properties in polydisperse dense granular mixtures: The Chapman--Enskog solution to the Enskog kinetic equation of polydisperse\ngranular mixtures is revisited to determine the first-order contributions\n$\\varpi_i$ to the partial temperatures. As expected, these quantities (which\nwere neglected in previous attempts) are given in terms of the solution to a\nset of coupled integro-differential equations analogous to those for elastic\ncollisions. The solubility condition for this set of equations is confirmed and\nthe coefficients $\\varpi_i$ are calculated by using the leading terms in a\nSonine polynomial expansion. These coefficients are given as explicit functions\nof the sizes, masses, composition, density, and coefficients of restitution of\nthe mixture. Within the context of small gradients, the results apply for\narbitrary degree of inelasticity and are not restricted to specific values of\nthe parameters of the mixture. In the case of elastic collisions, previous\nexpressions of $\\varpi_i$ for ordinary binary mixtures are recovered. Finally,\nthe impact of the first-order coefficients $\\varpi_i$ on the bulk viscosity\n$\\eta_\\text{b}$ and the first-order contribution $\\zeta^{(1)}$ to the cooling\nrate is assessed. It is shown that the effect of $\\varpi_i$ on $\\eta_\\text{b}$\nand $\\zeta^{(1)}$ is not negligible, specially for disparate mass ratios and\nstrong inelasticity.",
        "positive": "Emergent hydrodynamics in integrable quantum systems out of equilibrium: Understanding the general principles underlying strongly interacting quantum\nstates out of equilibrium is one of the most important tasks of current\ntheoretical physics. With experiments accessing the intricate dynamics of\nmany-body quantum systems, it is paramount to develop powerful methods that\nencode the emergent physics. Up to now, the strong dichotomy observed between\nintegrable and non-integrable evolutions made an overarching theory difficult\nto build, especially for transport phenomena where space-time profiles are\ndrastically different. We present a novel framework for studying transport in\nintegrable systems: hydrodynamics with infinitely-many conservation laws. This\nbridges the conceptual gap between integrable and non-integrable quantum\ndynamics, and gives powerful tools for accurate studies of space-time profiles.\nWe apply it to the description of energy transport between heat baths, and\nprovide a full description of the current-carrying non-equilibrium steady state\nand the transition regions in a family of models including the Lieb-Liniger\nmodel of interacting Bose gases, realized in experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A novel iterative strategy for protein design: We propose and discuss a novel strategy for protein design. The method is\nbased on recent theoretical advancements which showed the importance to treat\ncarefully the conformational free energy of designed sequences. In this work we\nshow how computational cost can be kept to a minimum by encompassing negative\ndesign features, i.e. isolating a small number of structures that compete\nsignificantly with the target one for being occupied at low temperature. The\nmethod is succesfully tested on minimalist protein models and using a variety\nof amino acid interaction potentials.",
        "positive": "Canonical solution of a system of long-range interacting rotators on a\n  lattice: The canonical partition function of a system of rotators (classical X-Y\nspins) on a lattice, coupled by terms decaying as the inverse of their distance\nto the power alpha, is analytically computed. It is also shown how to compute a\nrescaling function that allows to reduce the model, for any d-dimensional\nlattice and for any alpha<d, to the mean field (alpha=0) model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analysis of distribution of cosmic microwave background photon in terms\n  of non-extensive statistics and formulas with temperature fluctuation: To take into account the temperature fluctuation in the Planck distribution,\nwe calculate convolution integral with several probability distributions. Using\nthese formula as well the Planck distribution and a formula in the\nnon-extensive statistics, we analyze the data measured by the Cosmic Background\nExplorer (COBE). Our analysis reveals that the derivation from the Planck\ndistribution is estimated as |q-1| = 4.4\\times 10^{-5}, where q means the\nmagnitude of the non-extensivity or the temperature fluctuation, provided that\nthe dimensionless chemical potential proposed by Zeldovich and Sunyaev exists.\nComparisons of new formulas and the Planck distribution including the\nSunyaev-Zeldovich (S-Z) effect are made.",
        "positive": "Irreversible Markov chains in spin models: Topological excitations: We analyze the convergence of the irreversible event-chain Monte Carlo\nalgorithm for continuous spin models in the presence of topological\nexcitations. In the two-dimensional XY model, we show that the local nature of\nthe Markov-chain dynamics leads to slow decay of vortex-antivortex correlations\nwhile spin waves decorrelate very quickly. Using a Frechet description of the\nmaximum vortex-antivortex distance, we quantify the contributions of\ntopological excitations to the equilibrium correlations, and show that they\nvary from a dynamical critical exponent z \\sim 2 at the critical temperature to\nz \\sim 0 in the limit of zero temperature. We confirm the event-chain\nalgorithm's fast relaxation (corresponding to z = 0) of spin waves in the\nharmonic approximation to the XY model. Mixing times (describing the approach\ntowards equilibrium from the least favorable initial state) however remain much\nlarger than equilibrium correlation times at low temperatures. We also describe\nthe respective influence of topological monopole-antimonopole excitations and\nof spin waves on the event-chain dynamics in the three-dimensional Heisenberg\nmodel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical correlations near dislocation jamming: Dislocation assemblies exhibit a jamming or yielding transition at a critical\nexternal shear stress value $\\sigma=\\sigma_c$. Nevertheless the nature of this\ntransition has not been ascertained. Here we study the heterogeneous and\ncollective nature of dislocation dynamics within a crystal plasticity model\nclose to $\\sigma_c$, by considering the first-passage properties of the\ndislocation dynamics. As the transition is approached in the moving phase, the\nfirst passage time distribution exhibits scaling, and a related peak {\\it\ndynamical} susceptibility $\\chi_4^*$ diverges as $\\chi_4^* \\sim\n(\\sigma-\\sigma_c)^{-\\alpha}$, with $\\alpha \\approx 1.1$. We relate this scaling\nto an avalanche description of the dynamics. While the static structural\ncorrelations are found to be independent of the external stress, we identify a\ndiverging dynamical correlation length $\\xi_y$ in the direction perpendicular\nto the dislocation glide motion.",
        "positive": "Spurious fixed points in frustrated magnets: We analyze the validity of perturbative estimations obtained at fixed\ndimensions in the study of frustrated magnets. To this end we consider the\nfive-loop beta-functions obtained within the minimal subtraction scheme and\nexploited without epsilon-expansion both for frustrated magnets and for the\nwell-controlled ferromagnetic systems with a cubic anisotropy. Comparing the\ntwo cases it appears that the fixed point supposed to control the second order\nphase transition of frustrated magnets is very likely an unphysical one. This\nis supported by the non-Gaussian character of this fixed point at the upper\ncritical dimension d=4. Our work confirms the weak first order nature of the\nphase transition and constitutes a step towards a unified picture of existing\ntheoretical approaches to frustrated magnets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relative Entropy and Mutual Information in Gaussian Statistical Field\n  Theory: Relative entropy is a powerful measure of the dissimilarity between two\nstatistical field theories in the continuum. In this work, we study the\nrelative entropy between Gaussian scalar field theories in a finite volume with\ndifferent masses and boundary conditions. We show that the relative entropy\ndepends crucially on $d$, the dimension of Euclidean space. Furthermore, we\ndemonstrate that the mutual information between two disjoint regions in\n$\\mathbb{R}^d$ is finite if and only if the two regions are separated by a\nfinite distance. We argue that the properties of mutual information in scalar\nfield theories can be explained by the Markov property of these theories.",
        "positive": "Optimal response to non-equilibrium disturbances under truncated\n  Burgers-Hopf dynamics: We model and compute the average response of truncated Burgers-Hopf dynamics\nto finite perturbations away from the Gibbs equipartition energy spectrum using\na dynamical optimization framework recently conceptualized in a series of\npapers. Non-equilibrium averages are there approximated in terms of geodesic\npaths in probability space that best-fit the Liouvillean dynamics over a family\nof quasi-equilibrium trial densities. By recasting the geodesic principle as an\noptimal control problem, we solve numerically for the non-equilibrium responses\nusing an augmented Lagrangian, non-linear conjugate gradient descent method.\nFor moderate perturbations, we find an excellent agreement between the optimal\npredictions and the direct numerical simulations of the truncated Burgers-Hopf\ndynamics. In this near-equilibrium regime, we argue that the optimal response\ntheory provides an approximate yet predictive counterpart to\nfluctuation-dissipation identities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Localization with random time-periodic quantum circuits: We consider a random time evolution operator composed of a circuit of random\nunitaries coupling even and odd neighboring spins on a chain in turn. In spirit\nof Floquet evolution, the circuit is time-periodic; each timestep is repeated\nwith the same random instances. We obtain analytical results for arbitrary\nlocal Hilbert space dimension d: On a single site, average time evolution acts\nas a depolarising channel. In the spin 1/2 (d=2) case, this is further\nquantified numerically. For that, we develop a new numerical method that\nreduces complexity by an exponential factor. Haar-distributed unitaries lead to\nfull depolarization after many timesteps, i.e. local thermalization. A unitary\nprobability distribution with tunable coupling strength allows us to observe a\nmany-body localization transition. In addition to a spin chain under a unitary\ncircuit, we consider the analogous problem with Gaussian circuits. We can make\nstronger statements about the entire covariance matrix instead of single sites\nonly, and find that the dynamics is localising. For a random time evolution\noperator homogeneous in space, however, the system delocalizes.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamically consistent flocking: From discontinuous to continuous\n  transitions: We introduce a family of lattice-gas models of flocking, whose\nthermodynamically consistent dynamics admits a proper equilibrium limit at\nvanishing self-propulsion. These models are amenable to an exact\ncoarse-graining which allows us to study their hydrodynamic behavior\nanalytically. We show that the equilibrium limit here belongs to the\nuniversality class of Model C, and that it generically exhibits tricritical\nbehavior. Self-propulsion has a non-perturbative effect on the phase diagram,\nyielding novel phase behaviors depending on the type of aligning interactions.\nFor aligning interaction that increase monotonically with the density, the\ntricritical point diverges to infinite density reproducing the standard\nscenario of a discontinuous flocking transition accompanied by traveling bands.\nIn contrast, for models where the aligning interaction is non-monotonic in\ndensity, the system can exhibit either (the nonequilibrium counterpart of) an\nazeotropic point, associated with a continuous flocking transition, or a state\nwhere three phases coexist dynamically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to \"Comment on `Non-universal exponents in interface growth'\": We reply to the recent comment cond-mat/9809184 on our original paper\n`Non-universal exponents in interface growth', Phys. Rev. Lett, 79, 2261\n(1997).",
        "positive": "Quantum quenches and thermalization on scale-free graphs: We show that after a quantum quench of the parameter controlling the number\nof particles in a Fermi-Hubbard model on scale free graphs, the distribution of\nenergy modes follows a power law dependent on the quenched parameter and the\nconnectivity of the graph. This paper contributes to the literature of quantum\nquenches on lattices, in which, for many integrable lattice models the\ndistribution of modes after a quench thermalizes to a Generalized Gibbs\nEnsemble; this paper provides another example of distribution which can arise\nafter relaxation. We argue that the main role is played by the symmetry of the\nunderlying lattice which, in the case we study, is scale free, and to the\ndistortion in the density of modes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipative quasi-particle picture for quadratic Markovian open quantum\n  systems: Correlations between different regions of a quantum many-body system can be\nquantified through measures based on entropies of (reduced) subsystem states.\nFor closed systems, several analytical and numerical tools, e.g., hydrodynamic\ntheories or tensor networks, can accurately capture the time-evolution of\nsubsystem entropies, thus allowing for a profound understanding of the unitary\ndynamics of quantum correlations. However, so far, these methods either cannot\nbe applied to open quantum systems or do not permit an efficient computation of\nquantum entropies for mixed states. Here, we make progress in solving this\nissue by formulating a dissipative quasi-particle picture -- describing the\ndynamics of quantum entropies in the hydrodynamic limit -- for a general class\nof noninteracting open quantum systems. Our results show that also in\ndissipative many-body systems, correlations are generically established through\nthe propagation of quasi-particles.",
        "positive": "Environmental Atmospheric Turbulence at Florence Airport: We present an analysis of a time series of a wind strength measurements\nrecorded at Florence airport in the period October 2002 - March 2003. The data\nwere taken simultaneously by two runway head anemometers, located at a distance\nof 900 m, at a frequency of 3.3 10-3 Hz. The data show strong correlations over\nlong time spans over a few tens of hours. We performed an analysis of wind\nvelocity as it is usually done for turbulence laboratory experiments. Wind\nvelocity returns and wind velocity differences were considered. The pdfs of\nthese quantities exhibit strong non-Gaussian fat tails. The distribution of the\nstandand deviations of the fluctuations can be successfully reproduced by a\nGamma distribution, while the Log-normal one fails completely. Following Beck\nand Cohen superstatistics approach, we extract the Tsallis entropic index q\nfrom this Gamma distribution. The corresponding q-exponential curves reproduce\nwith a very good accuracy the pdfs of returns and velocity differences."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New treatments of density fluctuations and recurrence times for\n  re-estimating Zermelo's paradox: What is the probability that all the gas in a box accumulates in the same\nhalf of this box? Though amusing, this question underlies the fundamental\nproblem of density fluctuations at equilibrium, which has profound\nimplementations in many physical fields. The currently accepted solutions are\nderived from the studies of Brownian motion by Smoluchowski, but they are not\nappropriate for the directly colliding particles of gases. Two alternative\ntheories are proposed here using self-regulatory Bernoulli distributions. A\ndiscretization of space is first introduced to develop a mechanism of matter\ncongestion holding for high densities. In a second mechanism valid in ordinary\nconditions, the influence of local pressure on the location of every particle\nis examined using classical laws of ideal gases. This approach reveals that a\nnegative feedback results from the reciprocal influences between individual\nparticles and the population of particles, which strongly reduces the\nprobability of atypical microstates. Finally, a thermodynamic quantum of time\nis defined to compare the recurrence times of improbable macrostates predicted\nthrough these different approaches.",
        "positive": "Reentrant phenomenon in the exactly solvable mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1\n  Ising-Heisenberg model on diamond-like decorated planar lattices: Ground-state and finite-temperature behaviour of the mixed spin-1/2 and\nspin-1 Ising-Heisenberg model on decorated planar lattices consisting of\ninter-connected diamonds is investigated by means of the generalised\ndecoration-iteration mapping transformation. The obtained exact results clearly\npoint out that this model has a rather complex ground state composed of two\nunusual quantum phases, which is valid regardless of the lattice topology as\nwell as the spatial dimensionality of the investigated system. It is shown that\nthe diamond-like decorated planar lattices with a sufficiently high\ncoordination number may exhibit a striking critical behaviour including\nreentrant phase transitions with two or three consecutive critical points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Communication in networks with hierarchical branching: We present a simple model of communication in networks with hierarchical\nbranching. We analyze the behavior of the model from the viewpoint of critical\nsystems under different situations. For certain values of the parameters, a\ncontinuous phase transition between a sparse and a congested regime is observed\nand accurately described by an order parameter and the power spectra. At the\ncritical point the behavior of the model is totally independent of the number\nof hierarchical levels. Also scaling properties are observed when the size of\nthe system varies. The presence of noise in the communication is shown to break\nthe transition. Despite the simplicity of the model, the analytical results are\na useful guide to forecast the main features of real networks.",
        "positive": "Atomistic spin dynamic method with both damping and moment of inertia\n  effects included from first principles: We consider spin dynamics for implementation in an atomistic framework and we\naddress the feasibility of capturing processes in the femtosecond regime by\ninclusion of moment of inertia. In the spirit of an {\\it s-d} -like interaction\nbetween the magnetization and electron spin, we derive a generalized equation\nof motion for the magnetization dynamics in the semi-classical limit, which is\nnon-local in both space and time. Using this result we retain a generalized\nLandau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, also including the moment of inertia, and\ndemonstrate how the exchange interaction, damping, and moment of inertia, all\ncan be calculated from first principles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Some Electronic Properties of Metals through q-Deformed Algebras: We study the thermodynamics of metals by applying q-deformed algebras. We\nshall mainly focus our attention on q-deformed Sommerfeld parameter as a\nfunction of q-deformed electronic specific heat. The results revealed that\nq-deformation acts as a factor of disorder or impurity, modifying the\ncharacteristics of a crystalline structure and thereby controlling the number\nof electrons per unit volume.",
        "positive": "Condensation of an ideal gas obeying non-Abelian statistic: We consider the thermodynamic geometry of an ideal non-Abelian gas. We show\nthat, for a certain value of the fractional parameter and at the relevant\nmaximum value of fugacity, the thermodynamic curvature has a singular point.\nThis indicates a condensation such as Bose-Einstein condensation for\nnon-Abelian statistics and we work out the phase transition temperature in\nvarious dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random resetting in search problems: By periodically returning a search process to a known or random state, random\nresetting possesses the potential to unveil new trajectories, sidestep\npotential obstacles, and consequently enhance the efficiency of locating\ndesired targets. In this chapter, we highlight the pivotal theoretical\ncontributions that have enriched our understanding of random resetting within\nan abundance of stochastic processes, ranging from standard diffusion to its\nfractional counterpart. We also touch upon the general criteria required for\nresetting to improve the search process, particularly when distribution\ndescribing the time needed to reach the target is broader compared to a normal\none. Building on this foundation, we delve into real-world applications where\nresetting optimizes the efficiency of reaching the desired outcome, spanning\ntopics from home range search, ion transport to the intricate dynamics of\nincome. Conclusively, the results presented in this chapter offer a cohesive\nperspective on the multifaceted influence of random resetting across diverse\nfields.",
        "positive": "Mapping of 2+1-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth onto a driven\n  lattice gas model of dimer: We show that a 2+1 dimensional discrete surface growth model exhibiting\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) class scaling can be mapped onto a two dimensional\nconserved lattice gas model of directed dimers. In case of KPZ height\nanisotropy the dimers follow driven diffusive motion. We confirm by numerical\nsimulations that the scaling exponents of the dimer model are in agreement with\nthose of the 2+1 dimensional KPZ class. This opens up the possibility of\nanalyzing growth models via reaction-diffusion models, which allow much more\nefficient computer simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mode-Dependent nonequilibrium temperature in aging systems: We introduce an exactly solvable model for glassy dynamics with many\nrelaxational modes, each one characterized by a different relaxational\ntime-scale. Analytical solution of the aging dynamics at low temperatures shows\nthat a nonequilibrium or effective temperature can be associated to each\ntime-scale or mode. The spectrum of effective temperatures shows two regions\nthat are separated by an age dependent boundary threshold. Region I is\ncharacterized by partially equilibrated modes that relax faster than the modes\nat the threshold boundary. Thermal fluctuations and time-correlations for modes\nin region I show that those modes are in mutual thermal equilibrium at a unique\nage-dependent effective temperature $\\Theta (s)$. In contrast, modes with\nrelaxational timescales longer than that of modes at the threshold (region II)\nshow diffusive properties and do not share the common temperature $\\Theta (s)$.\nThe shift of the threshold toward lower energy modes as the system ages, and\nthe progressive shrinking of region II, determines how the full spectrum of\nmodes equilibrates. As is usually done in experiments, we have defined a\nfrequency-dependent effective temperature and we have found that all modes in\nregion I are mutually equilibrated at the temperature $\\Theta (s)$\nindependently of the probing frequency. The present model aims to explain\ntransport anomalies observed in supercooled liquids in terms of a collection of\nstructurally disordered and cooperative rearranging mesoscopic regions.",
        "positive": "Generalized heat conduction in heat pulse experiments: A novel equation of heat conduction is derived with the help of a generalized\nentropy current and internal variables. The obtained system of constitutive\nrelations is compatible with the momentum series expansion of the kinetic\ntheory. The well known Fourier, Maxwell-Cattaneo-Vernotte, Guyer-Krumhansl,\nJeffreys-type, and Cahn-Hilliard type equations are derived as special cases.\n  Some remarkable properties of solutions of the general equation are\ndemonstrated with heat pulse initial and boundary conditions. A simple\nnumerical method is developed and its stability is proved. Apparent faster than\nFourier pulse propagation is calculated in the over-diffusion regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization and frustration in oscillator networks with attractive\n  and repulsive interactions: We study, numerically and analytically, the stability of synchronization for\nan ensemble of coupled phase oscillators with attractive and repulsive\ninteractions, as a function of the number of repulsive couplings and their\nintensity. Scaling properties of the desynchronization transition are\ndisclosed, and it is shown that unsynchronized configurations have different\nsymmetries depending on the intensity of the repulsive interaction. The concept\nof frustration minimization helps understanding the main features observed in\nthe collective dynamics of the oscillator network.",
        "positive": "Stochastic resetting on comb-like structures: We study a diffusion process on a three-dimensional comb under stochastic\nresetting. We consider three different types of resetting: global resetting\nfrom any point in the comb to the initial position, resetting from a finger to\nthe corresponding backbone and resetting from secondary fingers to the main\nfingers. The transient dynamics along the backbone in all three cases is\ndifferent due to the different resetting mechanisms, finding a wide range of\ndynamics for the mean squared displacement. For the particular geometry studied\nherein, we compute the stationary solution and the mean square displacement and\nfind that the global resetting breaks the transport in the three directions.\nRegarding the resetting to the backbone, the transport is broken in two\ndirections but it is enhanced in the main axis. Finally, the resetting to the\nfingers enhances the transport in the backbone and the main fingers but reaches\na steady value for the mean squared displacement in the secondary fingers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Real Space Renormalization Group Techniques and Applications: Real Space Renormalization Group (RSRG) techniques and their applications,\nmainly to quantum mechanics and to partial differential equations, are\ndiscussed. Special emphasis is given to the theoretical insight and the reasons\nfor the success of some techniques, specially DMRG. Applications to the\nspectrum of dendrimers and excitons on random media are considered. This work\nis the Ph.D. of the author. Almost all the results have already been published.\nThe main interest of this text is paedagogical and as a review.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation theorem between non-equilibrium states in an RC circuit: Fluctuation theorems impose constraints on the probability of observing\nnegative entropy production in small systems driven out of equilibrium. The\nrange of validity of fluctuation theorems has been extensively tested for\ntransitions between equilibrium and non equilibrium stationary states, but not\nbetween general non equilibrium states. Here we report an experimental\nverification of the detailed fluctuation theorem for the total amount of\nentropy produced in the isothermal transition between two non-equilibrium\nstates. The experimental setup is a parallel $RC$ circuit driven by an\nalternating current. We investigate the statistics of the heat released, of the\nvariation of the entropy of the system, and of the entropy produced for\nprocesses of different durations. We show that the fluctuation theorem is\nsatisfied with high accuracy for current drivings at different frequencies and\ndifferent amplitudes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Detailed analysis of the continuum limit of a supersymmetric lattice\n  model in 1D: We present a full identification of lattice model properties with their field\ntheoretical counter parts in the continuum limit for a supersymmetric model for\nitinerant spinless fermions on a one dimensional chain. The continuum limit of\nthis model is described by an $\\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ superconformal field theory\n(SCFT) with central charge c=1. We identify states and operators in the lattice\nmodel with fields in the SCFT and we relate boundary conditions on the lattice\nto sectors in the field theory. We use the dictionary we develop in this paper,\nto give a pedagogical explanation of a powerful tool to study supersymmetric\nmodels based on spectral flow. Finally, we employ the developed machinery to\nexplain numerically observed properties of the particle density on the open\nchain presented in Beccaria et al. PRL 94:100401 (2005).",
        "positive": "Thermoelectric efficiency of heterogeneous media at low temperatures: A quantum limit of the thermoelectric efficiency for heterogeneous media with\nweak links is established with a use of the Landauer-type formulae."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Characterization of complex networks by higher order neighborhood\n  properties: A concept of higher order neighborhood in complex networks, introduced\npreviously (PRE \\textbf{73}, 046101, (2006)), is systematically explored to\ninvestigate larger scale structures in complex networks. The basic idea is to\nconsider each higher order neighborhood as a network in itself, represented by\na corresponding adjacency matrix. Usual network indices are then used to\nevaluate the properties of each neighborhood. Results for a large number of\ntypical networks are presented and discussed. Further, the information from all\nneighborhoods is condensed in a single neighborhood matrix, which can be\nexplored for visualizing the neighborhood structure. On the basis of such\nrepresentation, a distance is introduced to compare, in a quantitative way, how\nfar apart networks are in the space of neighborhood matrices. The distance\ndepends both on the network topology and the adopted node numbering. Given a\npair of networks, a Monte Carlo algorithm is developed to find the best\nnumbering for one of them, holding fixed the numbering of the second network,\nobtaining a projection of the first one onto the pattern of the other. The\nminimal value found for the distance reflects differences in the neighborhood\nstructures of the two networks that arise from distinct topologies. Examples\nare worked out allowing for a quantitative comparison for distances among a set\nof distinct networks.",
        "positive": "Microscopic derivation of the hydrodynamics of active-Brownian-particle\n  suspensions: We derive the hydrodynamic equations of motion for a fluid of active\nparticles described by under- damped Langevin equations that reduce to the\nActive-Brownian-Particle model, in the overdamped limit. The contraction into\nthe hydrodynamic description is performed by locally averaging the par- ticle\ndynamics with the non-equilibrium many-particle probability density, whose\nformal expression is found in the physically relevant limit of high-friction\nthrough a multiple-time-scale analysis. This approach permits to identify the\nconditions under which self-propulsion can be subsumed into the fluid stress\ntensor and thus to define systematically and unambiguously the local pressure\nof the active fluid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Power-law spin correlations in pyrochlore antiferromagnets: The ground state ensemble of the highly frustrated pyrochlore-lattice\nantiferromagnet can be mapped to a coarse-grained ``polarization'' field\nsatisfying a zero-divergence condition From this it follows that the\ncorrelations of this field, as well as the actual spin correlations, decay with\nseparation like a dipole-dipole interaction ($1/|R|^3$). Furthermore, a lattice\nversion of the derivation gives an approximate formula for spin correlations,\nwith several features that agree well with simulations and neutron-diffraction\nmeasurements of diffuse scattering, in particular the pinch-point\n(pseudo-dipolar) singularities at reciprocal lattice vectors. This system is\ncompared to others in which constraints also imply diffraction singularities,\nand other possible applications of the coarse-grained polarization are\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Reciprocity in directed networks: Reciprocity is an important characteristic of directed networks and has been\nwidely used in the modeling of World Wide Web, email, social, and other complex\nnetworks. In this paper, we take a statistical physics point of view and study\nthe limiting entropy and free energy densities from the microcanonical\nensemble, the canonical ensemble, and the grand canonical ensemble whose\nsufficient statistics are given by edge and reciprocal densities. The sparse\ncase is also studied for the grand canonical ensemble. Extensions to more\ngeneral reciprocal models including reciprocal triangle and star densities will\nlikewise be discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-reciprocal hidden degrees of freedom: A unifying perspective on\n  memory, feedback, and activity: We show that memory, feedback, and activity are all describable by the same\nunifying concept, that is non-reciprocal (NR) coupling. We demonstrate that\ncharacteristic thermodynamic features of these intrinsically nonequilibrium\nsystems are reproduced by low-dimensional Markovian networks with NR coupling,\nwhich we establish as minimal models for such complex systems. NR coupling\nalone implies a violation of the fluctuation-dissipation relation, which is\ninevitably connected to entropy production, i.e., irreversibility. Hiding the\nNR coupled degrees of freedom renders non-Markovian, one-variable Langevin\ndescriptions with complex types of memory, for which we find a generalized\nsecond law involving information flow. We demonstrate that non-monotonic memory\nis inextricably linked to NR coupling. Furthermore, we discuss discrete time\ndelay as the infinite-dimensional limit, and find a divergent entropy\nproduction, corresponding to unbounded cost for precisely storing a Brownian\ntrajectory.",
        "positive": "Phase ordering in the near-critical regime of the Alzheimer's and normal\n  brain: Criticality, observed during second-order phase transitions, is an emergent\nphenomenon. The brain operates near criticality, where complex systems exhibit\nhigh correlations. The critical brain hypothesis suggests that the brain\nbecomes an efficient learning system in this state but poor in memory, while\nsub-criticality enhances memory but inhibits learning. As a system approaches\ncriticality, it develops \"domain\"-like regions with competing phases and\nincreased spatiotemporal correlations that diverge. The dynamics of these\ndomains depend on the system's proximity to criticality. This study\ninvestigates the phase ordering properties of a spin-lattice model derived from\nAlzheimer's and cognitively normal subjects, expecting significant differences\nin their proximity to criticality. However, our findings show no conclusive\ndistinction in the distal properties from criticality, as reflected in the\nphase ordering behavior of the Alzheimer's and cognitively normal brain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collective excitation frequencies of a Bose - Einstein condensate with\n  electromagnetically induced $1/r$ attraction: We investigate collective excitations of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate\nin a recently discovered regime [D.O'Dell et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5687\n(2000)] of a balance between electromagnetically induced $1/r$ attraction and a\nshort-range interatomic repulsion. The corresponding frequencies for monopole,\ndipole, and quadrupole modes are calculated numerically in the zero temperature\ncase.",
        "positive": "An exactly solvable asymmetric $K$-exclusion process: We study an interacting particle process on a finite ring with $L$ sites with\nat most $K$ particles per site, in which particles hop to nearest neighbors\nwith rates given in terms of $t$-deformed integers and asymmetry parameter $q$,\nwhere $t>0$ and $q \\geq 0$ are parameters. This model, which we call the $(q,\nt)$ $K$-ASEP, reduces to the usual ASEP on the ring when $K = 1$ and to a model\nstudied by Sch\\\"utz and Sandow (Phys. Rev. E, 1994) when $t = q = 1$. We show\nthat the steady state does not depend on $q$ and is of product form in terms of\n$t$-binomial coefficients, generalizing the same phenomena for the ASEP. We\nalso give exact formulas for the partition function and show that the steady\nstate weights are palindromic polynomials in $t$. Interestingly, although the\n$(q, t)$ $K$-ASEP does not satisfy particle-hole symmetry in general, the\nsteady state does. We analyze the density and calculate the most probable\nnumber of particles at a site in the steady state in various regimes of $t$.\nLastly, we construct a two-dimensional exclusion process on a discrete cylinder\nwith height $K$ and circumference $L$ which projects to the $(q, t)$ $K$-ASEP\nand whose steady state distribution is also of product form.\n  Simulations are attached as ancillary files."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First Passage Properties of the Erdos-Renyi Random Graph: We study the mean time for a random walk to traverse between two arbitrary\nsites of the Erdos-Renyi random graph. We develop an effective medium\napproximation that predicts that the mean first-passage time between pairs of\nnodes, as well as all moments of this first-passage time, are insensitive to\nthe fraction p of occupied links. This prediction qualitatively agrees with\nnumerical simulations away from the percolation threshold. Near the percolation\nthreshold, the statistically meaningful quantity is the mean transit rate,\nnamely, the inverse of the first-passage time. This rate varies\nnon-monotonically with p near the percolation transition. Much of this behavior\ncan be understood by simple heuristic arguments.",
        "positive": "The sensitivity of the population of states to the value of $q$ and the\n  legitimate range of $q$ in Tsallis statistics: In the framework of the Tsallis statistical mechanics, for the spin-1/2 and\nthe harmonic oscillator, we study the change of the population of states when\nthe parameter $q$ is varied; the results show that the difference between\npredictions of the Boltzmann--Gibbs and Tsallis Statistics can be much smaller\nthan the precision of any existing experiment. Also, the relation between the\nprivilege of rare/frequent event and the value of $q$ is restudied. This\nrelation is shown to be more complicated than the common belief about it.\nFinally, the convergence criteria of the partition function of some simple\nmodel systems, in the framework of Tsallis Statistical Mechanics, is studied;\nbased on this study, we conjecture that $q \\leq 1$, in the thermodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wang-Landau study of the random bond square Ising model with nearest-\n  and next-nearest-neighbor interactions: We report results of a Wang-Landau study of the random bond square Ising\nmodel with nearest- ($J_{nn}$) and next-nearest-neighbor ($J_{nnn}$)\nantiferromagnetic interactions. We consider the case $R=J_{nn}/J_{nnn}=1$ for\nwhich the competitive nature of interactions produces a sublattice ordering\nknown as superantiferromagnetism and the pure system undergoes a second-order\ntransition with a positive specific heat exponent $\\alpha$. For a particular\ndisorder strength we study the effects of bond randomness and we find that,\nwhile the critical exponents of the correlation length $\\nu$, magnetization\n$\\beta$, and magnetic susceptibility $\\gamma$ increase when compared to the\npure model, the ratios $\\beta/\\nu$ and $\\gamma/\\nu$ remain unchanged. Thus, the\ndisordered system obeys weak universality and hyperscaling similarly to other\ntwo-dimensional disordered systems. However, the specific heat exhibits an\nunusually strong saturating behavior which distinguishes the present case of\ncompeting interactions from other two-dimensional random bond systems studied\npreviously.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics of collisionless relaxation in a noninteracting\n  system: We introduce a model of uncoupled pendula, which mimics the dynamical\nbehavior of the Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model. This model has become a\nparadigm for long-range interactions, like Coulomb or dipolar forces. As in the\nHMF model, this simplified integrable model is found to obey the Vlasov\nequation and to exhibit Quasi Stationary States (QSS), which arise after a\n\"collisionless\" relaxation process. Both the magnetization and the single\nparticle distribution function in these QSS can be predicted using\nLynden-Bell's theory. The existence of an extra conserved quantity for this\nmodel, the energy distribution function, allows us to understand the origin of\nsome discrepancies of the theory with numerical experiments. It also suggests\nus an improvement of Lynden-Bell's theory, which we fully implement for the\nzero field case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Memory Driven Pattern Formation: The diffusion equation is extended by including spatial-temporal memory in\nsuch a manner that the conservation of the concentration is maintained. The\nadditional memory term gives rise to the formation of non-trivial stationary\nsolutions. The steady state pattern in an infinite domain is driven by a\ncompetition between conventional particle current and a feedback current. We\ngive a general criteria for the existence of a non-trivial stationary state.\nThe applicability of the model is tested in case of a strongly localized, time\nindependent memory kernel. The resulting evolution equation is exactly solvable\nin arbitrary dimensions and the analytical solutions are compared with\nnumerical simulations. When the memory term offers an spatially decaying\nbehavior, we find also the exact stationary solution in form of a screened\npotential.",
        "positive": "Mechanical Properties of Glass Forming Systems: We address the interesting temperature range of a glass forming system where\nthe mechanical properties are intermediate between those of a liquid and a\nsolid. We employ an efficient Monte-Carlo method to calculate the elastic\nmoduli, and show that in this range of temperatures the moduli are finite for\nshort times and vanish for long times, where `short' and `long' depend on the\ntemperature. By invoking some exact results from statistical mechanics we offer\nan alternative method to compute shear moduli using Molecular Dynamics\nsimulations, and compare those to the Monte-Carlo method. The final conclusion\nis that these systems are not \"viscous fluids\" in the usual sense, as their\nactual time-dependence concatenates solid-like materials with varying local\nshear moduli."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Current of interacting particles inside a channel of exponential\n  cavities: Application of a modified Fick--Jacobs equation: The Fick--Jacobs equation has been widely studied, because of its\napplications in the diffusion and transport of non-interacting particles in\nnarrow channels. It is also known that a modified version of this equation can\nbe used to describe the same system with particles interacting through a\nhard-core potential. In this work we present a system that can be exactly\nsolved using the Fick--Jacobs equation. The exact results of the particle\nconcentration profile along the channel $n$, the current, $J$, and the\nmobility, $\\mu$, of particles as a function of an external force are contrasted\nwith Monte Carlo simulations results of non-interacting particles. For\ninteracting particles the behavior of $n$, $J$ and $\\mu$, obtained from the\nmodified Fick--Jacobs equation are in agreement with numerical simulations,\nwhere the hard-core interaction is taken into account. Even more, for\ninteracting particles the modified Fick--Jacobs equation gives comparatively\nmore accurate results of the current difference (when a force is applied in\nopposite directions) than the exact result for the non-interacting ones.",
        "positive": "Local and Quasilocal Conserved Quantities in Integrable Systems: We outline a procedure for counting and identifying a complete set of local\nand quasilocal conserved operators in integrable lattice systems. The method\nyields a systematic generation of all independent, conserved quasilocal\noperators related to time-average of local operators with a support on up to M\nconsecutive sites. As an example we study the anisotropic Heisenberg spin-1/2\nchain and show that the number of independent conserved operators grows\nlinearly with M. Besides the known local operators there exist novel quasilocal\nconserved quantities in all the parity sectors. The existence of quasilocal\nconserved operators is shown also for the isotropic Heisenberg model.\nImplications for the anomalous relaxation of quenched systems are discussed as\nwell."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work statistics and generalized Loschmidt echo for the Hatano-Nelson\n  model: We focus on the biorthogonal work statistics of the interacting many-body\nHatano-Nelson model after switching on the imaginary vector potential. We\nintroduce a generalized Loschmidt echo $G(t)$ utilizing the biorthogonal metric\noperator. It is well suited for numerical analysis and its Fourier transform\nyields the probability distribution of work done. The statistics of work\ndisplays several universal features, including an exponential decay with the\nsquare of both the system size and imaginary vector potential for the\nprobability to stay in the ground state. Additionally, its high energy tail\nfollows a universal power law with exponent $-3$. This originates from the\npeculiar temporal power law decay of $G(t)$ with a time dependent exponent. The\nmean and the variance of work scale linearly and logarithmically with system\nsize while all higher cumulants are non-extensive. Our results are relevant for\nnon-unitary field theories as well.",
        "positive": "Coarse-graining the Dynamics of a Driven Interface in the Presence of\n  Mobile Impurities: Effective Description via Diffusion Maps: Developing effective descriptions of the microscopic dynamics of many\nphysical phenomena can both dramatically enhance their computational\nexploration and lead to a more fundamental understanding of the underlying\nphysics. Previously, an effective description of a driven interface in the\npresence of mobile impurities, based on an Ising variant model and a single\nempirical coarse variable, was partially successful; yet it underlined the\nnecessity of selecting additional coarse variables in certain parameter\nregimes. In this paper we use a data mining approach to help identify the\ncoarse variables required. We discuss the implementation of this diffusion map\napproach, the selection of a similarity measure between system snapshots\nrequired in the approach, and the correspondence between empirically selected\nand automatically detected coarse variables. We conclude by illustrating the\nuse of the diffusion map variables in assisting the atomistic simulations, and\nwe discuss the translation of information between fine and coarse descriptions\nusing lifting and restriction operators."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Loop corrections in spin models through density consistency: Computing marginal distributions of discrete or semidiscrete Markov random\nfields (MRFs) is a fundamental, generally intractable problem with a vast\nnumber of applications in virtually all fields of science. We present a new\nfamily of computational schemes to approximately calculate the marginals of\ndiscrete MRFs. This method shares some desirable properties with belief\npropagation, in particular, providing exact marginals on acyclic graphs, but it\ndiffers with the latter in that it includes some loop corrections; i.e., it\ntakes into account correlations coming from all cycles in the factor graph. It\nis also similar to the adaptive Thouless-Anderson-Palmer method, but it differs\nwith the latter in that the consistency is not on the first two moments of the\ndistribution but rather on the value of its density on a subset of values. The\nresults on finite-dimensional Isinglike models show a significant improvement\nwith respect to the Bethe-Peierls (tree) approximation in all cases and with\nrespect to the plaquette cluster variational method approximation in many\ncases. In particular, for the critical inverse temperature $\\beta_{c}$ of the\nhomogeneous hypercubic lattice, the expansion of $\\left(d\\beta_{c}\\right)^{-1}$\naround $d=\\infty$ of the proposed scheme is exact up to the $d^{-4}$ order,\nwhereas the two latter are exact only up to the $d^{-2}$ order.",
        "positive": "On the frequencies of patterns of rises and falls: We investigate the probability of observing a given pattern of $n$ rises and\nfalls in a random stationary data series. The data are modelled as a sequence\nof $n+1$ independent and identically distributed random numbers. This\nprobabilistic approach has a combinatorial equivalent, where the data are\nmodelled by a random permutation on $n+1$ objects. The probability of observing\na long pattern of rises and falls decays exponentially with its length $n$ in\ngeneral. The associated decay rate $\\alpha$ is interpreted as the embedding\nentropy of the pattern. This rate is evaluated exactly for all periodic\npatterns. In the most general case, it is expressed in terms of a determinant\nof generalized hyperbolic or trigonometric functions. Alternating patterns have\nthe smallest rate $\\alpha_{{\\rm min}}=\\ln(\\pi/2)=0.451582\\dots$, while other\nexamples lead to arbitrarily large rates. The probabilities of observing\nuniformly chosen random patterns are demonstrated to obey multifractal\nstatistics. The typical value $\\alpha_0=0.806361\\dots$ of the rate plays the\nrole of a Lyapunov exponent. A wide range of examples of patterns, either\ndeterministic or random, is also investigated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nuclear Spin-Lattice Relaxation in One-Dimensional Heisenberg\n  Ferrimagnets: Three-Magnon versus Raman Processes: Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in one-dimensional Heisenberg ferrimagnets is\nstudied by means of a modified spin-wave theory. We consider the second-order\nprocess, where a nuclear spin flip induces virtual spin waves which are then\nscattered thermally via the four-magnon exchange interaction, as well as the\nfirst-order process, where a nuclear spin directly interacts with spin waves\nvia the hyperfine interaction. We point out a possibility of the three-magnon\nrelaxation process predominating over the Raman one and suggest model\nexperiments.",
        "positive": "Subdiffusive front scaling in interacting integrable models: We show that any interacting integrable model possesses a class of initial\nstates for which the leading corrections to ballistic transport are\nsubdiffusive rather than diffusive. These initial states are natural to realize\nexperimentally and include the domain wall initial condition that has been the\nobject of much recent scrutiny. Upon performing numerical matrix product state\nsimulations in the spin-$1/2$ XXZ chain, we find that such states can exhibit\nsubdiffusive $t^{1/3}$ scaling of fronts of spin, energy and entanglement\nentropy across the entire range of anisotropies. This demonstrates that\nTracy-Widom scaling is not incompatible with model interactions, as was\npreviously believed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information transfer in coupled Langevin equations: We provide a general formula, based on stochastic thermodynamics, that\ndescribes the flow of information between an arbitrary number of coupled\ncomplex-valued Langevin equations. This permits to describe the transfer of\ninformation in complex networks of oscillators out of thermal equilibrium, that\ncan model a multitude of physical, biological and man made systems. The\ninformation flow contains an incoherent component proportional to the amplitude\ndifference and a coherent one proportional to the phase difference between the\noscillators, which depends on their synchronisation. We illustrate the theory\nby simulating the dynamics of a spin-Seebeck diode, described by two coupled\noscillators, that can rectify the flow of information, energy and spin.\nRemarkably, the system can operate in a regime where the synchronisation is\nbroken and there is a flow of incoherent information without net transfer of\nenergy.",
        "positive": "Fermionic theory of nonequilibrium steady states: As the quantification of metabolism, nonequilibrium steady states play a\ncentral role in living matter, but are beyond the purview of equilibrium\nstatistical mechanics. Here we develop a fermionic theory of nonequilibrium\nsteady states in continuous-time Markovian systems. The response to an\narbitrary perturbation is computed, and simplified in canonical cases. Beyond\nresponse, we consider ensembles of NESS and derive a fluctuation-response\nrelation over a non-equilibrium ensemble. Some connections to quantum gravity\nare pointed out, and the formulation is extended to a supersymmetric integral\none, which may form the basis of nontrivial solvable models of nonequilibrium\nsteady states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ergodicity and large deviations in physical systems with stochastic\n  dynamics: In ergodic physical systems, time-averaged quantities converge (for large\ntimes) to their ensemble-averaged values. Large deviation theory describes rare\nevents where these time averages differ significantly from the corresponding\nensemble averages. It allows estimation of the probabilities of these events,\nand their mechanisms. This theory has been applied to a range of physical\nsystems, where it has yielded new insights into entropy production, current\nfluctuations, metastability, transport processes, and glassy behaviour. We\nreview some of these developments, identifying general principles. We discuss a\nselection of dynamical phase transitions, and we highlight some connections\nbetween large-deviation theory and optimal control theory.",
        "positive": "Thermal Conductivity of Supercooled Water: The heat capacity of supercooled water, measured down to -37 {\\deg}C, shows\nan anomalous increase as temperature decreases. The thermal diffusivity, i. e.,\nthe ratio of the thermal conductivity and the heat capacity per unit volume,\nshows a decrease. These anomalies may be associated with a hypothetical\nliquid-liquid critical point in supercooled water below the line of homogeneous\nnucleation. However, while the thermal conductivity is known to diverge at the\nvapor-liquid critical point due to critical density fluctuations, the thermal\nconductivity of supercooled water, calculated as the product of thermal\ndiffusivity and heat capacity, does not show any sign of such an anomaly. We\nhave used mode-coupling theory to investigate the possible effect of critical\nfluctuations on the thermal conductivity of supercooled water, and found that\nindeed any critical thermal-conductivity enhancement would be too small to be\nmeasurable at experimentally accessible temperatures. Moreover, the behavior of\nthermal conductivity can be explained by the observed anomalies of the\nthermodynamic properties. In particular, we show that thermal conductivity\nshould go through a minimum as temperature is decreased, as Kumar and Stanley\nobserved in the TIP5P model of water. We discuss physical reasons for the\nstriking difference between the behavior of thermal conductivity in water near\nthe vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid critical points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Precise Asymptotics for a Random Walker's Maximum: We consider a discrete time random walk in one dimension. At each time step\nthe walker jumps by a random distance, independent from step to step, drawn\nfrom an arbitrary symmetric density function. We show that the expected\npositive maximum E[M_n] of the walk up to n steps behaves asymptotically for\nlarge n as, E[M_n]/\\sigma=\\sqrt{2n/\\pi}+ \\gamma +O(n^{-1/2}), where \\sigma^2 is\nthe variance of the step lengths. While the leading \\sqrt{n} behavior is\nuniversal and easy to derive, the leading correction term turns out to be a\nnontrivial constant \\gamma. For the special case of uniform distribution over\n[-1,1], Coffmann et. al. recently computed \\gamma=-0.516068...by exactly\nenumerating a lengthy double series. Here we present a closed exact formula for\n\\gamma valid for arbitrary symmetric distributions. We also demonstrate how\n\\gamma appears in the thermodynamic limit as the leading behavior of the\ndifference variable E[M_n]-E[|x_n|] where x_n is the position of the walker\nafter n steps. An application of these results to the equilibrium\nthermodynamics of a Rouse polymer chain is pointed out. We also generalize our\nresults to L\\'evy walks.",
        "positive": "The continuum percolation threshold for interpenetrating squares and\n  cubes: Monte Carlo simulations are performed to determine the critical percolation\nthreshold for interpenetrating square objects in two dimensions and cubic\nobjects in three dimensions. Simulations are performed for two cases: (i)\nobjects whose edges are aligned parallel to one another and (ii) randomly\noriented objects. For squares whose edges are aligned, the critical area\nfraction at the percolation threshold phi_c=0.6666 +/- 0.0004, while for\nrandomly oriented squares phi_c=0.6254 +/- 0.0002, 6% smaller. For cubes whose\nedges are aligned, the critical volume fraction at the percolation threshold\nphi_c=0.2773 +/- 0.0002, while for randomly oriented cubes phi_c=0.2236 +/-\n0.0002, 24% smaller."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bifurcation analysis and phase diagram of a spin-string model with\n  buckled states: We analyze a one-dimensional spin-string model, in which string oscillators\nare linearly coupled to their two nearest neighbors and to Ising spins\nrepresenting internal degrees of freedom. String-spin coupling induces a\nlong-range ferromagnetic interaction among spins that competes with a spin-spin\nantiferromagnetic coupling. As a consequence, the complex phase diagram of the\nsystem exhibits different flat rippled and buckled states, with first or second\norder transition lines between states. The two-dimensional version of the model\nhas a similar phase diagram, which has been recently used to explain the\nrippled to buckled transition observed in scanning tunnelling microscopy\nexperiments with suspended graphene sheets. Here we describe in detail the\nphase diagram of the simpler one-dimensional model and phase stability using\nbifurcation theory. This gives additional insight into the physical mechanisms\nunderlying the different phases and the behavior observed in experiments.",
        "positive": "Density fluctuations and phase separation in a traffic flow model: Within the Nagel-Schreckenberg traffic flow model we consider the transition\nfrom the free flow regime to the jammed regime. We introduce a method of\nanalyzing the data which is based on the local density distribution. This\nanalyzes allows us to determine the phase diagram and to examine the separation\nof the system into a coexisting free flow phase and a jammed phase above the\ntransition. The investigation of the steady state structure factor yields that\nthe decomposition in this phase coexistence regime is driven by density\nfluctuations, provided they exceed a critical wavelength."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Overlap properties and adsorption transition of two Hamiltonian paths: We consider a model of two (fully) compact polymer chains, coupled through an\nattractive interaction. These compact chains are represented by Hamiltonian\npaths (HP), and the coupling favors the existence of common bonds between the\nchains. Using a ($n=0$ component) spin representation for these paths, we show\nthe existence of a phase transition for strong coupling (i.e. at low\ntemperature) towards a ``frozen'' phase where one chain is completely adsorbed\nonto the other. By performing a Legendre transform, we obtain the probability\ndistribution of overlaps. The fraction of common bonds between two HP, i.e.\ntheir overlap $q$, has both lower ($q_m$) and upper ($q_M$) bounds. This means\nin particuliar that two HP with overlap greater than $q_M$ coincide. These\nresults may be of interest in (bio)polymers and in optimization problems.",
        "positive": "Economy of scales in R&D with block-busters: Are large scale research programs that include many projects more productive\nthan smaller ones with fewer projects? This problem of economy of scale is\nparticularly relevant for understanding recent mergers in particular in the\npharmaceutical industry. We present a quantitative theory based on the\ncharacterization of distributions of discounted sales S resulting from new\nproducts. Assuming that these complementary cumulative distributions have fat\ntails with approximate power law structure S^{-a}, we demonstrate that economy\nof scales are automatically realized when the exponent a is less than one.\nEmpirical evidence suggests that the exponent a is approximately equal to 2/3\nfor the pharmaceutical industry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enhanced Sampling with Machine Learning: A Review: Molecular dynamics (MD) enables the study of physical systems with excellent\nspatiotemporal resolution but suffers from severe time-scale limitations. To\naddress this, enhanced sampling methods have been developed to improve\nexploration of configurational space. However, implementing these is\nchallenging and requires domain expertise. In recent years, integration of\nmachine learning (ML) techniques in different domains has shown promise,\nprompting their adoption in enhanced sampling as well. Although ML is often\nemployed in various fields primarily due to its data-driven nature, its\nintegration with enhanced sampling is more natural with many common underlying\nsynergies. This review explores the merging of ML and enhanced MD by presenting\ndifferent shared viewpoints. It offers a comprehensive overview of this rapidly\nevolving field, which can be difficult to stay updated on. We highlight\nsuccessful strategies like dimensionality reduction, reinforcement learning,\nand flow-based methods. Finally, we discuss open problems at the exciting\nML-enhanced MD interface.",
        "positive": "Axiomatic construction of quantum Langevin equations: A phenomenological construction of quantum Langevin equations, based on the\nphysical criteria of (i) the canonical equal-time commutators, (ii) the Kubo\nformula, (iii) the virial theorem and (iv) the quantum fluctuation-dissipation\ntheorem is presented. The case of a single harmonic oscillator coupled to a\nlarge external bath is analysed in detail. This allows to distinguish a\nmarkovian semi-classical approach, due to Bedeaux and Mazur, from a\nnon-markovian full quantum approach, due to to Ford, Kac and Mazur. The\nquantum-fluctuation-dissipation theorem is seen to be incompatible with a\nmarkovian dynamics. Possible applications to the quantum spherical model are\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One- and Two-dimensional Solitary Wave States in the Nonlinear Kramers\n  Equation with Movement Direction as a Variable: We study self-propelled particles by direct numerical simulation of the\nnonlinear Kramers equation for self-propelled particles. In our previous paper,\nwe studied self-propelled particles with velocity variables in one dimension.\nIn this paper, we consider another model in which each particle exhibits\ndirectional motion. The movement direction is expressed with a variable $\\phi$.\nWe show that one-dimensional solitary wave states appear in direct numerical\nsimulations of the nonlinear Kramers equation in one- and two-dimensional\nsystems, which is a generalization of our previous result. Furthermore, we find\ntwo-dimensionally localized states in the case that each self-propelled\nparticle exhibits rotational motion. The center of mass of the\ntwo-dimensionally localized state exhibits circular motion, which implies\ncollective rotating motion. Finally, we consider a simple one-dimensional model\nequation to qualitatively understand the formation of the solitary wave state.",
        "positive": "Redundancy and synergy arising from correlations in large ensembles: Multielectrode arrays allow recording of the activity of many single neurons,\nfrom which correlations can be calculated. The functional roles of correlations\ncan be revealed by the measures of the information conveyed by neuronal\nactivity; a simple formula has been shown to discriminate the information\ntransmitted by individual spikes from the positive or negative contributions\ndue to correlations (Panzeri et al, Proc. Roy. Soc. B., {266}: 1001--1012\n(1999)). The formula quantifies the corrections to the single-unit\ninstantaneous information rate which result from correlations in spike emission\nbetween pairs of neurons. Positive corrections imply synergy, while negative\ncorrections indicate redundancy. Here, this analysis, previously applied to\nrecordings from small ensembles, is developed further by considering a model of\na large ensemble, in which correlations among the signal and noise components\nof neuronal firing are small in absolute value and entirely random in origin.\nEven such small random correlations are shown to lead to large possible synergy\nor redundancy, whenever the time window for extracting information from\nneuronal firing extends to the order of the mean interspike interval. In\naddition, a sample of recordings from rat barrel cortex illustrates the mean\ntime window at which such `corrections' dominate when correlations are, as\noften in the real brain, neither random nor small. The presence of this kind of\ncorrelations for a large ensemble of cells restricts further the time of\nvalidity of the expansion, unless what is decodable by the receiver is also\ntaken into account."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "dc-biased stationary transport in the absence of dissipation: We obtain stationary transport in a Hamiltonian system with ac driving in the\npresence of a dc bias. A particle in a periodic potential under the influence\nof a time-periodic field possesses a mixed phase space with regular and chaotic\ncomponents. An additional external dc bias allows to separate effectively these\nstructures. We show the existence of a stationary current which originates from\nthe persisting invariant manifolds (regular islands, periodic orbits, and\ncantori). The transient dynamics of the accelerated chaotic domain separates\nfast chaotic motion from ballistic type trajectories which stick to the\nvicinity of the invariant submanifold. Experimental studies with cold atoms in\nlaser-induced optical lattices are ideal candidates for the observation of\nthese unexpected findings.",
        "positive": "Environment dependent vibrational heat transport in molecular Junctions\n  : Rectification, quantum effects, vibrational mismatch: Vibrational heat transport in molecular junctions is a central issue in\ndifferent contemporary research areas like Chemistry, material science,\nmechanical engineering, thermoelectrics and power generation. Our model system\nconsists of a chain of molecules which sandwiched between two solids that are\nmaintained at different temperatures. We employ quantum self-consistent\nreservoir model, which is built on generalized quantum Langevin equation, to\ninvestigate quantum effects and far from equilibrium conditions on thermal\nconduction at nanoscale. The present self-consistent reservoir model can easily\nmimic the phonon-phonon scattering mechanisms. Different thermal environments\nare modelled as (i) Ohmic, (ii) sub-Ohmic, and (iii) super-Ohmic environment\nand their effects are demonstrated for the thermal rectification properties of\nthe system with spring graded or mass graded feature. The behavior of heat\ncurrent across molecular junctions as a function of chain length, temperature\ngradient and phonon scattering rate are studied. Further, our analysis reveals\nthe effects of vibrational mismatch between the solids phonon spectra on heat\ntransfer characteristics in molecular junctions for different thermal\nenvironments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation effects in Barkhausen noise and magnetic attenuation in soft\n  ribbons: The propagation of the effects connected with the occurrence of magnetization\nreversals in an amorphous ribbon of Fe$_{63}$B$_{64}$Si$_{8}$Ni$_{15}$ has been\ninvestigated using a method based on two pickup coils separated by a distance\nvariable between 2 an 40 mm. The ratio $R$ between the voltage signals induced\nin the coils contains information on the location where the magnetization\nreversal took place. This information can be extracted by knowing the function\n$V(x)$ which represents the attenuation of a signal generated by a reversal\nthat took place at a distance x from the coil. A mathematical model for\nextracting this function starting from the histogram of the experimentally\nmeasured values of $R$ is presented. The attenuation function obtained in this\nway is relatively independent on the distance between the coils, and this is in\nstrong support of the correctness of the model adopted.",
        "positive": "Random manifolds in non-linear resistor networks: Applications to\n  varistors and superconductors: We show that current localization in polycrystalline varistors occurs on\npaths which are, usually, in the universality class of the directed polymer in\na random medium. We also show that in ceramic superconductors, voltage\nlocalizes on a surface which maps to an Ising domain wall. The emergence of\nthese manifolds is explained and their structure is illustrated using direct\nsolution of non-linear resistor networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chaotic dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to a qubit: We study numerically the coupling between a qubit and a Bose-Einstein\ncondensate (BEC) moving in a kicked optical lattice, using Gross-Pitaevskii\nequation. In the regime where the BEC size is smaller than the lattice period,\nthe chaotic dynamics of the BEC is effectively controlled by the qubit state.\nThe feedback effects of the nonlinear chaotic BEC dynamics preserve the\ncoherence and purity of the qubit in the regime of strong BEC nonlinearity.\nThis gives an example of an exponentially sensitive control over a macroscopic\nstate by internal qubit states. At weak nonlinearity quantum chaos leads to\nrapid dynamical decoherence of the qubit. The realization of such coupled\nsystems is within reach of current experimental techniques.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo renormalization group calculation for the d=3 Ising Model\n  using a modified transformation: We present a simple approach to high-accuracy calculations of critical\nproperties for the three-dimensional Ising model, without prior knowledge of\nthe critical temperature. The iterative method uses a modified block-spin\ntransformation with a tunable parameter to improve convergence in the Monte\nCarlo renormalization group trajectory. We found experimentally that the\niterative method enables the calculation of the critical temperature\nsimultaneously with a critical exponent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Description of paramagnetic--spin glass transition in Edwards-Anderson\n  model in terms of critical dynamics: Possibility of description of the glass transition in terms of critical\ndynamics considering a hierarchy of the intermodal relaxation time is shown.\nThe generalized Vogel-Fulcher law for the system relaxation time is derived in\nterms of this approach. It is shown that the system satisfies the\nfluctuating--dissipative theorem in case of the absence of the intermodal\nrelaxation time hierarchy.",
        "positive": "The Effect of Substrate on Thermodynamic and Kinetic Anisotropies in\n  Atomic Thin Films: Glasses have a wide range of technological applications. The recent discovery\nof ultrastable glasses that are obtained by depositing the vapor of a\nglass-forming liquid onto the surface of a cold substrate has sparked renewed\ninterest in the effects of confinements on physicochemical properties of\nliquids and glasses. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations to study the\neffect of substrate on thin films of a model glass-forming liquid, the\nKob-Andersen binary Lennard-Jones system, and compute profiles of several\nthermodynamic and kinetic properties across the film. We observe that the\nsubstrate can induce large oscillations in profiles of thermodynamic properties\nsuch as density, composition and stress, and we establish a correlation between\nthe oscillations in total density and the oscillations in normal stress. We\nalso demonstrate that the kinetic properties of an atomic film can be readily\ntuned by changing the strength of interactions between the substrate and the\nliquid. Most notably, we show that a weakly attractive substrate can induce the\nemergence of a highly mobile region in its vicinity. In this highly mobile\nregion, structural relaxation is several times faster than in the bulk, and the\nexploration of the potential energy landscape is also more efficient. In the\nsubsurface region near a strongly attractive substrate, however, the dynamics\nis decelerated and the sampling of the potential energy landscape becomes less\nefficient than the bulk. We explain these two distinct behaviors by\nestablishing a correlation between the oscillations in kinetic properties and\nthe oscillations in lateral stress. Our findings offer interesting\nopportunities for designing better substrates for the vapor deposition process\nor developing alternative procedures for situations where vapor deposition is\nnot feasible."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Viscoelastic Interfaces Driven in Disordered Media and Applications to\n  Friction: Many complex systems respond to a continuous input of energy by an\naccumulation of stress over time, interrupted by sudden energy releases called\navalanches. Recently, it has been pointed out that several basic features of\navalanche dynamics are induced at the microscopic level by relaxation\nprocesses, which are neglected by most models. During my thesis, I studied two\nwell-known models of avalanche dynamics, modified minimally by the inclusion of\nsome forms of relaxation.\n  The first system is that of a viscoelastic interface driven in a disordered\nmedium. In mean-field, we prove that the interface has a periodic behaviour\n(with a new, emerging time scale), with avalanche events that span the whole\nsystem. We compute semi-analytically the friction force acting on this surface,\nand find that it is compatible with classical friction experiments. In finite\ndimensions (2D), the mean-field system-sized events become local, and numerical\nsimulations give qualitative and quantitative results in good agreement with\nseveral important features of real earthquakes.\n  The second system including a minimal form of relaxation consists in a toy\nmodel of avalanches: the Directed Percolation process. In our study of a\nnon-Markovian variant of Directed Percolation, we observed that the\nuniversality class was modified but not completely. In particular, in the\nnon-Markov case an exponent changes of value while several scaling relations\nstill hold. This picture of an extended universality class obtained by the\naddition of a non-Markovian perturbation to the dynamics provides promising\nprospects for our first system.",
        "positive": "Roughness exponent in two-dimensional percolation, Potts and clock\n  models: We present a numerical study of the self-affine profiles obtained from\nconfigurations of the q-state Potts (with q=2,3 and 7) and p=10 clock models as\nwell as from the occupation states for site-percolation on the square lattice.\nThe first and second order static phase transitions of the Potts model are\nlocated by a sharp change in the value of the roughness exponent $\\alpha$\ncharacterizing those profiles. The low temperature phase of the Potts model\ncorresponds to flat ($\\alpha\\simeq 1$) profiles, whereas its high temperature\nphase is associated to rough ($\\alpha\\simeq 0.5$) ones. For the p=10 clock\nmodel, in addition to the flat (ferromagnetic) and rough (paramagnetic)\nprofiles, an intermediate rough ($0.5< \\alpha <1$) phase - associated to a soft\nspin-wave one - is observed. Our results for the transition temperatures in the\nPotts and clock models are in agreement with the static values, showing that\nthis approach is able to detect the phase transitions in these models directly\nfrom the spin configurations, without any reference to thermodynamical\npotentials, order parameters or response functions. Finally, we show that the\nroughness exponent $\\alpha$ is insensitive to geometric critical phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase interference of spin tunneling in an arbitrarily directed magnetic\n  field: We present an exact analytic study on the topological phase interference\neffect in resonant quantum tunneling of the magnetization between degenerate\nexcited levels for biaxial ferromagnets in an arbitrarily directed magnetic\nfield. We show that the topological phase interference effect depends on the\norientation of the field distinctly. The transition from classical to quantum\nbehavior is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Non-Markovian Persistence and Nonequilibrium Critical Dynamics: The persistence exponent \\theta for the global order parameter, M(t), of a\nsystem quenched from the disordered phase to its critical point describes the\nprobability, p(t) \\sim t^{-\\theta}, that M(t) does not change sign in the time\ninterval t following the quench. We calculate \\theta to O(\\epsilon^2) for model\nA of critical dynamics (and to order \\epsilon for model C) and show that at\nthis order M(t) is a non-Markov process. Consequently, \\theta is a new\nexponent. The calculation is performed by expanding around a Markov process,\nusing a simplified version of the perturbation theory recently introduced by\nMajumdar and Sire [Phys. Rev. Lett. _77_, 1420 (1996); cond-mat/9604151]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality class of S=1/2 quantum spin ladder system with the four\n  spin exchange: We study s=1/2 Heisenberg spin ladder with the four spin exchange. Combining\nnumerical results with the conformal field theory(CFT), we find a phase\ntransition with central charge c=3/2. Since this system has an SU(2) symmetry,\nwe can conclude that this critical theory is described by k=2 SU(2)\nWess-Zumino-Witten model with Z$_2$ symmetry breaking.",
        "positive": "Finite-Size Scaling in the Driven Lattice Gas: We present a Monte Carlo study of the high-temperature phase of the\ntwo-dimensional driven lattice gas at infinite driving field. We define a\nfinite-volume correlation length, verify that this definition has a good\ninfinite-volume limit independent of the lattice geometry, and study its\nfinite-size-scaling behavior. The results for the correlation length are in\ngood agreement with the predictions based on the field theory proposed by\nJanssen, Schmittmann, Leung, and Cardy. The theoretical predictions for the\nsusceptibility and the magnetization are also well verified. We show that the\ntransverse Binder parameter vanishes at the critical point in all dimensions\n$d\\ge 2$ and discuss how such result should be expected in the theory of\nJanssen et al. in spite of the existence of a dangerously irrelevant operator.\nOur results confirm the Gaussian nature of the transverse excitations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Estimating entropy production in a stochastic system with odd-parity\n  variables: Entropy production (EP) is a central measure in nonequilibrium\nthermodynamics, as it can quantify the irreversibility of a process as well as\nits energy dissipation in special cases. Using the time-reversal asymmetry in a\nsystem's path probability distribution, many methods have been developed to\nestimate EP from only trajectory data. However, estimating the EP of a system\nwith odd-parity variables, which prevails in nonequilibrium systems, has not\nbeen covered. In this study, we develop a machine learning method for\nestimating the EP in a stochastic system with odd-parity variables through\nmultiple neural networks. We demonstrate our method with two systems, an\nunderdamped bead-spring model and a one-particle odd-parity Markov jump\nprocess.",
        "positive": "Growth Inside a Corner: The Limiting Interface Shape: We investigate the growth of a crystal that is built by depositing cubes onto\nthe inside of a corner. The interface of this crystal evolves into a limiting\nshape in the long-time limit. Building on known results for the corresponding\ntwo-dimensional system and accounting for the symmetries of the\nthree-dimensional problem, we conjecture a governing equation for the evolution\nof the interface profile. We solve this equation analytically and find\nexcellent agreement with simulations of the growth process. We also present a\ngeneralization to arbitrary spatial dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-organization of charged particles in circular geometry: The basic principles of self-organization of one-component charged particles,\nconfined in disk and circular parabolic potentials, are proposed. A system of\nequations is derived, that allows us to determine equilibrium configurations\nfor an arbitrary, but finite, number of charged particles that are distributed\nover several rings. Our approach reduces significantly the computational effort\nin minimizing the energy of equilibrium configurations and demonstrates a\nremarkable agreement with the values provided by molecular dynamics\ncalculations. With the increase of particle number n>180 we find a steady\nformation of a centered hexagonal lattice that smoothly transforms to valence\ncircular rings in the ground state configurations for both potentials.",
        "positive": "Large deviations in boundary-driven systems: Numerical evaluation and\n  effective large-scale behavior: We study rare events in systems of diffusive fields driven out of equilibrium\nby the boundaries. We present a numerical technique and use it to calculate the\nprobabilities of rare events in one and two dimensions. Using this technique,\nwe show that the probability density of a slowly varying configuration can be\ncaptured with a small number of long wave-length modes. For a configuration\nwhich varies rapidly in space this description can be complemented by a local\nequilibrium assumption."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "100 Years of Brownian motion: In the year 1905 Albert Einstein published four papers that raised him to a\ngiant in the history of science of all times. These works encompass the photon\nhypothesis (for which he obtained the Nobel prize in 1921), his first two\npapers on (special) relativity theory and, of course, his first paper on\nBrownian motion, entitled \"\\\"Uber die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der\nW\\\"arme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Fl\\\"ussigkeiten suspendierten\nTeilchen'' (submitted on May 11, 1905). Thanks to Einstein intuition, the\nphenomenon observed by the Scottish botanist Rober Brown in 1827 - a little\nmore than a naturalist's curiosity - becomes the keystone of a fully\nprobabilistic formulation of statistical mechanics and a well-established\nsubject of physical investigation which we celebrate in this Focus issue\nentitled - for this reason - : ``100 Years of Brownian Motion''.",
        "positive": "Statistics of DNA sequences: a low frequency analysis: We study statistical properties of DNA chains of thirteen microbial complete\ngenomes. We find that the power spectrum of several of the sequences studied\nflattens off in the low frequency limit. This implies that the correlation\nlength in those sequences is much smaller than the entire DNA chain.\nConsequently, in contradiction with previous studies, we show that the fractal\nbehavior of DNA chains not always prevail through the entire DNA molecule."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The role of mobility in epidemics near criticality: The general epidemic process (GEP), also known as\nsusceptible-infected-recovered model (SIR), describes how an epidemic spreads\nwithin a population of susceptible individuals who acquire permanent\nimmunization upon recovery. This model exhibits a second-order absorbing state\nphase transition, commonly studied assuming immobile healthy individuals. We\ninvestigate the impact of mobility on disease spreading near the extinction\nthreshold by introducing two generalizations of GEP, where the mobility of\nsusceptible and recovered individuals is examined independently. In both cases,\nincluding mobility violates GEP's rapidity reversal symmetry and alters the\nnumber of absorbing states. The critical dynamics of the models are analyzed\nthrough a perturbative renormalization group approach and large-scale\nstochastic simulations using a Gillespie algorithm. The renormalization group\nanalysis predicts both models to belong to the same novel universality class\ndescribing the critical dynamics of epidemic spreading when the infected\nindividuals interact with a diffusive species and gain immunization upon\nrecovery. At the associated renormalization group fixed point, the immobile\nspecies decouples from the dynamics of the infected species, dominated by the\ncoupling with the diffusive species. Numerical simulations in two dimensions\naffirm our renormalization group results by identifying the same set of\ncritical exponents for both models. Violation of the rapidity reversal symmetry\nis confirmed by breaking the associated hyperscaling relation. Our study\nunderscores the significance of mobility in shaping population spreading\ndynamics near the extinction threshold.",
        "positive": "Entanglement and Absorbing-State Transitions in Interactive Quantum\n  Dynamics: Nascent quantum computers motivate the exploration of quantum many-body\nsystems in nontraditional scenarios. For example, it has become natural to\nexplore the dynamics of systems evolving under both unitary evolution and\nmeasurement. Such systems can undergo dynamical phase transitions in the\nentanglement properties of quantum trajectories conditional on the measurement\noutcomes. Here, we explore dynamics in which one attempts to (locally) use\nthose measurement outcomes to steer the system toward a target state, and we\nstudy the resulting phase diagram as a function of the measurement and feedback\nrates. Steering succeeds when the measurement and feedback rates exceed a\nthreshold, yielding an absorbing-state transition in the trajectory-averaged\ndensity matrix. We argue that the absorbing-state transition generally occurs\nat different critical parameters from the entanglement transition in individual\ntrajectories and has distinct critical properties. The efficacy of steering\ndepends on the nature of the target state: in particular, for local dynamics\ntargeting long-range correlated states, steering is necessarily slow and the\nentanglement and steering transitions are well separated in parameter space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Trapping in Self-Avoiding Walks with Nearest-Neighbor Attraction: The statistics of self-avoiding random walks have been used to model polymer\nphysics for decades. A self-avoiding walk that grows one step at a time on a\nlattice will eventually trap itself, which occurs after an average of 71 steps\non a square lattice. Here, we consider the effect of nearest-neighbor\nattractive interactions on the growing self-avoiding walk, and examine the\neffect that self-attraction has both on the statistics of trapping as well as\non chain statistics through the transition between expanded and collapsed walks\nat the theta point. We find the trapping length increases exponentially with\nthe nearest-neighbor contact energy, but that there is a local minimum in\ntrapping length for weakly self-attractive walks. While it has been\ncontroversial whether growing self-avoiding walks have the same asymptotic\nbehavior as traditional self-avoiding walks, we find that the theta point is\nnot at the same location for growing self-avoiding walks, and that the\npersistence length converges much more rapidly to a smaller value.",
        "positive": "Novel universality class of absorbing transitions with continuously\n  varying critical exponents: The well-established universality classes of absorbing critical phenomena are\ndirected percolation (DP) and directed Ising (DI) classes. Recently, the pair\ncontact process with diffusion (PCPD) has been investigated extensively and\nclaimed to exhibit a new type of critical phenomena distinct from both DP and\nDI classes. Noticing that the PCPD possesses a long-term memory effect, we\nintroduce a generalized version of the PCPD (GPCPD) with a parameter\ncontrolling the memory effect. The GPCPD connects the DP fixed point to the\nPCPD point continuously. Monte Carlo simulations show that the GPCPD displays\nnovel type critical phenomena which are characterized by continuously varying\ncritical exponents. The same critical behaviors are also observed in models\nwhere two species of particles are coupled cyclically. We suggest that the\nlong-term memory may serve as a marginal perturbation to the ordinary DP fixed\npoint."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slow and fast relaxation times of quantum lattice model with local\n  multi-well potentials: phenomenological dynamics for Sn$_{2}$P$_{2}$S$_{6}$\n  ferroelectric crystals: As a continuation of the previously published work [Velychko O. V., Stasyuk\nI. V., Phase Transitions, 2019, 92, 420], a phenomenological framework for the\nrelaxation dynamics of quantum lattice model with multi-well potentials is\ngiven in the case of deformed Sn$_{2}$P$_{2}$S$_{6}$ ferroelectric lattice. The\nframework is based on the combination of statistical equilibrium theory and\nirreversible thermodynamics. In order to study these dynamics in a connected\nway we assume that the dipole ordering or polarization ($\\eta$) and volume\ndeformation ($u$) can be treated as fluxes and forces in the sense of Onsager\ntheory. From the linear relations between the forces and fluxes, the rate\nequations are derived and characterized by two relaxation times ($\\tau_{S},\n\\tau_{F}$) which describe the irreversible process near the equilibrium states.\nThe behaviors of $\\tau_{S}$ and $\\tau_{F}$ in the vicinity of ferroelectric\nphase transitions are studied.",
        "positive": "On the correlation properties of thermal noise in fluids: The properties of the thermal force driving micron particles in\nincompressible fluids are studied within the hydrodynamic theory of the\nBrownian motion. It is shown that the assumption used for the hydrodynamic\nLangevin equation in its usual form, according to which the random force at a\ntime t and the velocity of the particle at the initial time equal to zero are\nuncorrelated, leads to super-diffusion of the particle. To obtain the correct\nEinstein diffusion at long times, the mentioned hypothesis must be abandoned,\nwhich however does not contradict causality. The corresponding correlations are\nexplicitly evaluated. We consider also the \"color\" of thermal noise, recently\nmeasured experimentally (Th. Franosch et al., Nature 478, 85 (2011)), and\ncorrect the interpretation of these experiments. The time correlation functions\nfor the thermal random force are obtained using the exact solution of the\nLangevin equation, and on the basis of the theorem that in the linear response\ntheory connects the mobility of the particle and its velocity autocorrelation\nfunction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New Random Ordered Phase in Isotropic Models with Many-body Interactions: In this study, we have found a new random ordered phase in isotropic models\nwith many-body interactions. Spin correlations between neighboring planes are\nrigorously shown to form a long-range order, namely coplanar order, using a\nunitary transformation, and the phase transition of this new order has been\nanalyzed on the bases of the mean-field theory and correlation identities. In\nthe systems with regular 4-body interactions, the transition temperature\n$T_{\\text{c}}$ is obtained as $T_{\\text{c}}=(z-2)J/k_{\\text{B}}$, and the field\nconjugate to this new order parameter is found to be $H^2$. In contrast, the\ncorresponding physical quantities in the systems with random 4-body\ninteractions are given by $T_{\\text{c}}=\\sqrt{z-2}J/k_{\\text{B}}$ and $H^4$,\nrespectively. Scaling forms of order parameters for regular or random 4-body\ninteractions are expressed by the same scaling functions in the systems with\nregular or random 2-body interactions, respectively. Furthermore, we have\nobtained the nonlinear susceptibilities in the regular and random systems,\nwhere the coefficient $\\chi_{\\text{nl}}$ of $H^3$ in the magnetization shows\npositive divergence in the regular model, while the coefficient $\\chi_{7}$ of\n$H^7$ in the magnetization shows negative divergence in the random model.",
        "positive": "Information Flows? A Critique of Transfer Entropies: A central task in analyzing complex dynamics is to determine the loci of\ninformation storage and the communication topology of information flows within\na system. Over the last decade and a half, diagnostics for the latter have come\nto be dominated by the transfer entropy. Via straightforward examples, we show\nthat it and a derivative quantity, the causation entropy, do not, in fact,\nquantify the flow of information. At one and the same time they can\noverestimate flow or underestimate influence. We isolate why this is the case\nand propose several avenues to alternate measures for information flow. We also\naddress an auxiliary consequence: The proliferation of networks as a now-common\ntheoretical model for large-scale systems, in concert with the use of\ntransfer-like entropies, has shoehorned dyadic relationships into our\nstructural interpretation of the organization and behavior of complex systems.\nThis interpretation thus fails to include the effects of polyadic dependencies.\nThe net result is that much of the sophisticated organization of complex\nsystems may go undetected."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonergodicity and central limit behavior for systems with long-range\n  interactions: In this paper we discuss the nonergodic behavior for a class of long-standing\nquasi-stationary states in a paradigmatic model of long-range interacting\nsystems, i.e. the HMF model. We show that ensemble averages and time averages\nfor velocities probability density functions (pdfs) do not coincide and in\nparticular the latter exhibit a tendency to converge towards a q-Gaussian\nattractor instead of the usual Gaussian one predicted by the Central Limit\nTheorem, when ergodicity applies.",
        "positive": "Improved upper and lower energy bounds for antiferromagnetic Heisenberg\n  spin systems: Large spin systems as given by magnetic macromolecules or two-dimensional\nspin arrays rule out an exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian. Nevertheless,\nit is possible to derive upper and lower bounds of the minimal energies, i.e.\nthe smallest energies for a given total spin S.\n  The energy bounds are derived under additional assumptions on the topology of\nthe coupling between the spins. The upper bound follows from \"n-cyclicity\",\nwhich roughly means that the graph of interactions can be wrapped round a ring\nwith n vertices. The lower bound improves earlier results and follows from\n\"n-homogeneity\", i.e. from the assumption that the set of spins can be\ndecomposed into n subsets where the interactions inside and between spins of\ndifferent subsets fulfill certain homogeneity conditions. Many Heisenberg spin\nsystems comply with both concepts such that both bounds are available.\n  By investigating small systems which can be numerically diagonalized we find\nthat the upper bounds are considerably closer to the true minimal energies than\nthe lower ones."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Thermodynamic Casimir Effect in $^4$He Films near $T_\u03bb$: Monte\n  Carlo Results: The universal finite-size scaling function of the critical Casimir force for\nthe three dimensional XY universality class with Dirichlet boundary conditions\nis determined using Monte Carlo simulations. The results are in excellent\nagreement with recent experiments on $^4$He Films at the superfluid transition\nand with available theoretical predictions.",
        "positive": "Harmonious Representation of PDF's reflecting Large Deviations: The framework of multifractal analysis (MFA) is distilled to the most\nsophisticated one. Within this transparent framework, it is shown that the\nharmonious representation of MFA utilizing two distinct Tsallis distribution\nfunctions, one for the tail part of probability density function (PDF) and the\nother for its center part, explains the recently observed PDF's of turbulence\nin the highest accuracy superior to the analyses based on other models such as\nthe log-normal model and the $p$ model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Defining an universal \"sign\" to strictly probe phase transition: The mystery of the infamous sign problem in quantum Monte Carlo (QMC)\nsimulations mightily restricts applications of the method in fermionic and\nfrustrated systems. A recent work [Science \\textbf{375}, 418 (2022)] made a\nremarkable breakthrough in the sign problem by pointing out that the sign can\nbe used to probe phase transition. In this work, we proposed a general argument\nbased on the definition of the sign that is related to the difference in free\nenergy between the original and reference systems to clarify that the sign\nproblem and phase transition cannot always be strictly related. The sign can\nexactly probe phase transition only if the free energy in the reference system\nis flat under variable parameters, which is almost impossible to design.\nGenerally speaking, the conclusion that the sign can probe phase transition is\nsurvivorship bias without universality. To solve this problem, we define a\nmodified sign that excludes the influence of the reference system, which can\nprobe the phase transition strictly. The work gives an unbiased solution for\ndetecting phase transition by the new modified sign.",
        "positive": "Phase transition of surface models with intrinsic curvature: It is reported that a surface model of Polyakov strings undergoes a\nfirst-order phase transition between smooth and crumpled (or branched polymer)\nphases. The Hamiltonian of the model contains the Gaussian term and a deficit\nangle term corresponding to the weight of the integration measure dX in the\npartition function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vortex State Structure of a Bose Condensate in an Asymmetric Trap: Based on an analytic solution of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in the\nlarge-condensate (Thomas-Fermi) limit we determine the structure of a\nstationary vortex in a Bose-Einstein condensate in a nonaxisymmetric rotating\ntrap. The condensate velocity field has cylindrical symmetry only near the\nvortex core and becomes intrinsically anisotropic near the condensate\nboundaries. Rotating the anisotropic trap induces an additional irrotational\nvelocity field even for a vortex-free condensate.",
        "positive": "Liquid heat capacity in the approach from the solid state: anharmonic\n  theory: Calculating liquid energy and heat capacity in general form is an open\nproblem in condensed matter physics. We develop a recent approach to liquids\nfrom the solid state by accounting for the contribution of anharmonicity and\nthermal expansion to liquid energy and heat capacity. We subsequently compare\ntheoretical predictions to the experiments results of 5 commonly discussed\nliquids, and find a good agreement with no free fitting parameters. We discuss\nand compare the proposed theory to previous approaches."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of the Harmonic Oscillator: Derivation of the Planck\n  Blackbody Spectrum from Pure Thermodynamics: In 1893, Wien applied the first two laws of thermodynamics to blackbody\nradiation and derived his displacement theorem. Believing that the information\nfrom thermodynamics had been exhausted, Planck turned to statistical ideas in\n1900 in order to provide a physical understanding for his\nexperimental--data-based interpolation giving the Planck spectrum without\nzero-point radiation. Here we point out that the third law of thermodynamics\n(which was developed in the early years of the 20th century) introduces\nadditional thermodynamic information regarding thermal radiation. The Planck\nspectrum for thermal radiation can be derived from purely thermodynamic ideas\napplied to the classical simple harmonic oscillator, since every radiation mode\ntakes a simple oscillator form. Thermodynamics alone implies the Planck\nspectrum including zero-point energy without any need for quantum theory or\nstatistical ideas. It is pointed out that the inclusion of zero-point energy\ninvolves more natural thermodynamics than its exclusion.",
        "positive": "Critical Exponents in Two Dimensions and Pseudo-\u03b5 Expansion: The critical behavior of two-dimensional $n$-vector $\\lambda\\phi^4$ field\nmodel is studied within the framework of pseudo-$\\epsilon$ expansion approach.\nPseudo-$\\epsilon$ expansions for Wilson fixed point location $g^*$ and critical\nexponents originating from five-loop 2D renormalization group series are\nderived. Numerical estimates obtained within Pad\\'e and Pad\\'e-Borel\nresummation procedures as well as by direct summation are presented for $n =\n1$, $n = 0$ and $n = -1$, i. e. for the models which are exactly solvable. The\npseudo-$\\epsilon$ expansions for $g^*$, critical exponents $\\gamma$ and $\\nu$\nhave small lower-order coefficients and slow increasing higher-order ones. As a\nresult, direct summation of these series with optimal cut off provides\nnumerical estimates that are no worse than those given by the resummation\napproaches mentioned. This enables one to consider the pseudo-$\\epsilon$\nexpansion technique itself as some specific resummation method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optical manipulation of bipolarons in a system with nonlinear\n  electron-phonon coupling: We investigate full quantum mechanical evolution of two electrons nonlinearly\ncoupled to quantum phonons and simulate the dynamical response of the system\nsubject to a short spatially uniform optical pulse that couples to\ndipole-active vibrational modes. Nonlinear electron-phonon coupling can either\nsoften or stiffen the phonon frequency in the presence of electron density. In\nthe former case, an external optical pulse tuned just below the phonon\nfrequency generates attraction between electrons and leads to a long-lived\nbound state even after the optical pulse is switched off. It originates from a\ndynamical modification of the self-trapping potential that induces a metastable\nstate. By increasing the pulse frequency, the attractive electron-electron\ninteraction changes to repulsive. Two sequential optical pulses with different\nfrequencies can switch between attractive and repulsive interaction. Finally,\nwe show that the pulse-induced binding of electrons is shown to be efficient\nalso for weakly dispersive optical phonons, in the presence anharmonic phonon\nspectrum and in two dimensions.",
        "positive": "Renormalization group approach to the spin-1 Bose gas: A field theoretical renormalization group approach at two loop level is\napplied to the homogeneous spin-1 Bose gas in order to investigate the order of\nthe phase transition. The beta function of the system with $d=4-\\epsilon$\ndimensions is determined up to the third power of the coupling constants and\nthe system's free energy on the border of the classical stability is given in\nnext to leading order. It is found that the phase transition of the interacting\nspin-1 Bose gases with weak spin-dependent coupling constant values is of first\norder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Singularities in Free Energy: Lee-Yang Theory: Phase Transition is associated with a drastic change in some observable\n(ordered parameter) of the system when the controlled parameter is tuned\nsmoothly. Lee-Yang theory of phase transition is discussed which is related to\nthe accumulation of singularities of free energy, equivalently complex roots of\nGrand Partition function (Partition function) at points on positive real axis\nin complex fugacity plane; and more general (p+1) phase system is discussed,\nand also the case when (w+2) phases coexist together. Comparison to Mayer's\ntheory is also presented.",
        "positive": "Log-periodic self-similarity: an emerging financial law?: A hypothesis that the financial log-periodicity, cascading self-similarity\nthrough various time scales, carries signatures of a law is pursued. It is\nshown that the most significant historical financial events can be classified\namazingly well using a single and unique value of the preferred scaling factor\nlambda=2, which indicates that its real value should be close to this number.\nThis applies even to a declining decelerating log-periodic phase. Crucial in\nthis connection is identification of a \"super-bubble\" (bubble on bubble)\nphenomenon. Identifying a potential \"universal\" preferred scaling factor, as\nundertaken here, may significantly improve the predictive power of the\ncorresponding methodology. Several more specific related results include\nevidence that: (i) the real end of the high technology bubble on the stock\nmarket started (with a decelerating log-periodic draw down) in the begining of\nSeptember 2000; (ii) a parallel 2000-2002 decline seen in the Standard & Poor's\n500 from the log-periodic perspective is already of the same significance as\nthe one of the early 1930s and of the late 1970s; (iii) all this points to a\nmuch more serious global crash in around 2025, of course from a level much\nhigher (at least one order of magnitude) than in 2000."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wavelet treatment of the intra-chain correlation functions of\n  homopolymers in dilute solutions: Discrete wavelets are applied to parametrization of the intra-chain two-point\ncorrelation functions of homopolymers in dilute solutions obtained from Monte\nCarlo simulation. Several orthogonal and biorthogonal basis sets have been\ninvestigated for use in the truncated wavelet approximation. Quality of the\napproximation has been assessed by calculation of the scaling exponents\nobtained from des Cloizeaux ansatz for the correlation functions of\nhomopolymers with different connectivities in a good solvent. The resulting\nexponents are in a better agreement with those from the recent renormalisation\ngroup calculations as compared to the data without the wavelet denoising. We\nalso discuss how the wavelet treatment improves the quality of data for\ncorrelation functions from simulations of homopolymers at varied solvent\nconditions and of heteropolymers.",
        "positive": "Robustness of Kardar-Parisi-Zhang scaling in a classical integrable spin\n  chain with broken integrability: Recent investigations have observed superdiffusion in integrable classical\nand quantum spin chains. An intriguing connection between these spin chains and\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class has emerged. Theoretical\ndevelopments (e.g. generalized hydrodynamics) have highlighted the role of\nintegrability as well as spin-symmetry in KPZ behaviour. However understanding\ntheir precise role on superdiffusive transport still remains a challenging\ntask. The widely used quantum spin chain platform comes with severe numerical\nlimitations. To circumvent this barrier, we focus on a classical integrable\nspin chain which was shown to have deep analogy with the quantum\nspin-$\\frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg chain. Remarkably, we find that KPZ behaviour\nprevails even when one considers integrability-breaking but spin-symmetry\npreserving terms, strongly indicating that spin-symmetry plays a central role\neven in the non-perturbative regime. On the other hand, in the non-perturbative\nregime, we find that energy correlations exhibit clear diffusive behaviour. We\nalso study the classical analog of out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) and\nLyapunov exponents. We find significant presence of chaos for the\nintegrability-broken cases even though KPZ behaviour remains robust. The\nrobustness of KPZ behaviour is demonstrated for a wide class of spin-symmetry\npreserving integrability-breaking terms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complementarity relation for irreversible processes near steady states: A relation giving a minimum for the irreversible work in quasi-equilibrium\nprocesses was derived by Sekimoto et al. (K. Sekimoto and S. Sasa, J. Phys.\nSoc. Jpn. {\\bf 66} (1997), 3326) in the framework of stochastic energetics.\nThis relation can also be written as a type of \"uncertainty principle\" in such\na way that the precise determination of the Helmholtz free energy through the\nobservation of the work $<W>$ requires an indefinitely large experimental time\n$\\Delta t$. In the present article, we extend this relation to the case of\nquasi-steady processes by using the concept of non-equilibrium Helmholtz free\nenergy. We give a formulation of the second law for these processes that\nextends that presented by Sekimoto (K. Sekimoto, Prog. Theo. Phys. Suppl. No.\n{\\bf 130} (1998), 17) by a term of the first order in the inverse of the\nexperimental time. As application of our results, two possible experimental\nsituations are considered: stretching of a RNA molecule and the drag of a\ndipolar particle in the presence of a gradient of electric force.",
        "positive": "Discrete Laplacian thermostat for flocks and swarms: the fully conserved\n  Inertial Spin Model: Experiments on bird flocks and midge swarms reveal that these natural systems\nare well described by an active theory in which conservation laws play a\ncrucial role. By building a symplectic structure that couples the particles'\nvelocities to the generator of their internal rotations (spin), the Inertial\nSpin Model (ISM) reinstates a second-order temporal dynamics that captures many\nphenomenological traits of flocks and swarms. The reversible structure of the\nISM predicts that the total spin is a constant of motion, the central\nconservation law responsible for all the novel dynamical features of the model.\nHowever, fluctuations and dissipation introduced in the original model to make\nit relax, violate the spin conservation law, so that the ISM aligns with the\nbiophysical phenomenology only within finite-size regimes, beyond which the\noverdamped dynamics characteristic of the Vicsek model takes over. Here, we\nintroduce a novel version of the ISM, in which the irreversible terms needed to\nrelax the dynamics strictly respect the conservation of the spin. We perform a\nnumerical investigation of the fully conservative model, exploring both the\nfixed-network case, which belongs to the equilibrium class of Model G, and the\nactive case, characterized by self-propulsion of the agents and an\nout-of-equilibrium reshuffling of the underlying interaction network. Our\nsimulations not only capture the correct spin wave phenomenology of the ordered\nphase, but they also yield dynamical critical exponents in the near-ordering\nphase that agree very well with the theoretical predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging Wiener-Khinchin Theorem: The Wiener-Khinchin theorem shows how the power spectrum of a stationary\nrandom signal $I(t)$ is related to its correlation function $\\left\\langle\nI(t)I(t+\\tau)\\right\\rangle$. We consider non-stationary processes with the\nwidely observed aging correlation function $\\langle I(t) I(t+\\tau) \\rangle \\sim\nt^\\gamma \\phi_{\\rm EN}(\\tau/t)$ and relate it to the sample spectrum. We\nformulate two aging Wiener-Khinchin theorems relating the power spectrum to the\ntime and ensemble averaged correlation functions, discussing briefly the\nadvantages of each. When the scaling function $\\phi_{\\rm EN}(x)$ exhibits a\nnon-analytical behavior in the vicinity of its small argument we obtain aging\n$1/f$ type of spectrum. We demonstrate our results with three examples:\nblinking quantum dots, single file diffusion and Brownian motion in a\nlogarithmic potential, showing that our approach is valid for a wide range of\nphysical mechanisms.",
        "positive": "Universal critical behavior of noisy coupled oscillators: A\n  renormalization group study: We show that the synchronization transition of a large number of noisy\ncoupled oscillators is an example for a dynamic critical point far from\nthermodynamic equilibrium. The universal behaviors of such critical\noscillators, arranged on a lattice in a $d$-dimensional space and coupled by\nnearest neighbors interactions, can be studied using field theoretical methods.\nThe field theory associated with the critical point of a homogeneous\noscillatory instability (or Hopf bifurcation of coupled oscillators) is the\ncomplex Ginzburg-Landau equation with additive noise. We perform a perturbative\nrenormalization group (RG) study in a $4-\\epsilon$ dimensional space. We\ndevelop an RG scheme that eliminates the phase and frequency of the\noscillations using a scale-dependent oscillating reference frame. Within a\nCallan-Symanzik RG scheme to two-loop order in perturbation theory, we find\nthat the RG fixed point is formally related to the one of the model $A$\ndynamics of the real Ginzburg-Landau theory with an O(2) symmetry of the order\nparameter. Therefore, the dominant critical exponents for coupled oscillators\nare the same as for this equilibrium field theory. This formal connection with\nan equilibrium critical point imposes a relation between the correlation and\nresponse functions of coupled oscillators in the critical regime. Since the\nsystem operates far from thermodynamic equilibrium, a strong violation of the\nfluctuation-dissipation relation occurs and is characterized by a universal\ndivergence of an effective temperature. The formal relation between critical\noscillators and equilibrium critical points suggests that long-range phase\norder exists in critical oscillators above two dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum butterfly effect in polarized Floquet systems: We explore quantum dynamics in Floquet many-body systems with local\nconservation laws in one spatial dimension, focusing on sectors of the Hilbert\nspace which are highly polarized. We numerically compare the predicted charge\ndiffusion constants and quantum butterfly velocity of operator growth between\nmodels of chaotic Floquet dynamics (with discrete spacetime translation\ninvariance) and random unitary circuits which vary both in space and time. We\nfind that for small but finite polarization per length (in the thermodynamic\nlimit), the random unitary circuit correctly predicts the scaling of the\nbutterfly velocity but incorrectly predicts the scaling of the diffusion\nconstant. We argue that this is a consequence of quantum coherence on short\ntime scales. Our work clarifies the settings in which random unitary circuits\nprovide correct physical predictions for non-random chaotic systems, and sheds\nlight into the origin of the slow down of the butterfly effect in highly\npolarized systems or at low temperature.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of the harmonic oscillator using coherent states: The ongoing discussion whether thermodynamic properties can be extracted from\na (possibly approximate) quantum mechanical time evolution using time averages\nis fed with an instructive example. It is shown for the harmonic oscillator how\nthe Hilbert space or an appropriately defined phase space must be populated in\nterms of coherent states in order to obtain the quantum result respectively the\nclassical one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic derivation of nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamics for\n  crystalline solid: We present a microscopic derivation of the nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamic\nequation for the homogeneous crystalline solid from the Hamiltonian description\nof a many-particle system. We propose a microscopic expression of the\ndisplacement field that correctly generates the nonlinear elastic properties of\nthe solid and find the nonlinear mode-coupling terms in reversible currents\nwhich are consistent with the phenomenological equation. The derivation relies\non the projection onto the coarse-grained fields including the displacement\nfield, the long-wavelength expansion, and the stationarity condition of the\nFokker-Planck equation.",
        "positive": "Spacing distribution in the 2D Coulomb gas: Surmise and symmetry classes\n  of non-Hermitian random matrices at non-integer $\u03b2$: A random matrix representation is proposed for the two-dimensional (2D)\nCoulomb gas at inverse temperature $\\beta$. For $2\\times 2$ matrices with\nGaussian distribution we analytically compute the nearest neighbour spacing\ndistribution of complex eigenvalues in radial distance. Because it does not\nprovide such a good approximation as the Wigner surmise in 1D, we introduce an\neffective $\\beta_{\\rm eff}(\\beta)$ in our analytic formula, that describes the\nspacing obtained numerically from the 2D Coulomb gas well for small values of\n$\\beta$. It reproduces the 2D Poisson distribution at $\\beta=0$ exactly, that\nis valid for a large particle number. The surmise is used to fit data in two\nexamples, from open quantum spin chains and ecology. The spacing distributions\nof complex symmetric and complex quaternion self-dual ensembles of\nnon-Hermitian random matrices, that are only known numerically, are very well\nfitted by non-integer values $\\beta=1.4$ and $\\beta=2.6$ from a 2D Coulomb gas,\nrespectively. These two ensembles have been suggested as the only two symmetry\nclasses, where the 2D bulk statistics is different from the Ginibre ensemble."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation dynamics of vortex lines in disordered type-II\n  superconductors following magnetic field and temperature quenches: We study the effects of rapid temperature and magnetic field changes on the\nnon-equilibrium relaxation dynamics of magnetic vortex lines in disordered\ntype-II superconductors by employing an elastic line model and performing\nLangevin molecular dynamics simulations. In a previously equilibrated system,\neither the temperature is suddenly changed, or the magnetic field is\ninstantaneously altered which is reflected in adding or removing flux lines to\nor from the system. The subsequent aging properties are investigated in samples\nwith either randomly distributed point-like or extended columnar defects, which\nallows to distinguish the complex relaxation features that result from either\ntype of pinning centers. One-time observables such as the radius of gyration\nand the fraction of pinned line elements are employed to characterize\nsteady-state properties, and two-time correlation functions such as the vortex\nline height autocorrelations and their mean-square displacement are analyzed to\nstudy the non-linear stochastic relaxation dynamics in the aging regime.",
        "positive": "A branching random walk seen from the tip: We show that all the time-dependent statistical properties of the rightmost\npoints of a branching Brownian motion can be extracted from the traveling wave\nsolutions of the Fisher-KPP equation. We show that the distribution of all the\ndistances between the rightmost points has a long time limit which can be\nunderstood as the delay of the Fisher-KPP traveling waves when the initial\ncondition is modified. The limiting measure exhibits the surprising property of\nsuperposability: the statistical properties of the distances between the\nrightmost points of the union of two realizations of the branching Brownian\nmotion shifted by arbitrary amounts are the same as those of a single\nrealization. We discuss the extension of our results to more general branching\nrandom walks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractality of eroded coastlines of correlated landscapes: Using numerical simulations of a simple sea-coast mechanical erosion model,\nwe investigate the effect of spatial long-range correlations in the lithology\nof coastal landscapes on the fractal behavior of the corresponding coastlines.\nIn the model, the resistance of a coast section to erosion depends on the local\nlithology configuration as well as on the number of neighboring sea sides. For\nweak sea forces, the sea is trapped by the coastline and the eroding process\nstops after some time. For strong sea forces erosion is perpetual. The\ntransition between these two regimes takes place at a critical sea force,\ncharacterized by a fractal coastline front. For uncorrelated landscapes, we\nobtain, at the critical value, a fractal dimension D=1.33, which is consistent\nwith the dimension of the accessible external perimeter of the spanning cluster\nin two-dimensional percolation. For sea forces above the critical value, our\nresults indicate that the coastline is self-affine and belongs to the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class. In the case of landscapes generated\nwith power-law spatial long-range correlations, the coastline fractal dimension\nchanges continuously with the Hurst exponent H, decreasing from D=1.34 to 1.04,\nfor H=0 and 1, respectively. This nonuniversal behavior is compatible with the\nmultitude of fractal dimensions found for real coastlines.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic entropy of a many body energy eigenstate: It is argued that a typical many body energy eigenstate has a well defined\nthermodynamic entropy and that individual eigenstates possess thermodynamic\ncharacteristics analogous to those of generic isolated systems. We examine\nlarge systems with eigenstate energies equivalent to finite temperatures. When\nquasi-static evolution of a system is adiabatic (in the quantum mechanical\nsense), two coupled subsystems can transfer heat from one subsystem to another\nyet remain in an energy eigenstate. To explicitly construct the entropy from\nthe wave function, degrees of freedom are divided into two unequal parts. It is\nargued that the entanglement entropy between these two subsystems is the\nthermodynamic entropy per degree of freedom for the smaller subsystem. This is\ndone by tracing over the larger subsystem to obtain a density matrix, and\ncalculating the diagonal and off-diagonal contributions to the entanglement\nentropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transitions with Discrete Symmetry Breaking in Antiferromagnetic\n  Heisenberg Models on a Triangular Lattice: We study phase transition behavior of the Heisenberg model on a distorted\ntriangular lattice with competing interactions. The ground-state phase diagram\nindicates that underlying symmetry can be changed by tuning parameters. We\nfocus on two cases in which a phase transition with discrete symmetry breaking\noccurs. The first is that the order parameter space is SO(3)$\\times C_3$. In\nthis case, a first-order phase transition, with threefold symmetry breaking,\noccurs. The second has the order parameter space SO(3)$\\times Z_2$. In this\ncase, a second-order phase transition occurs with twofold symmetry breaking. To\ninvestigate finite-temperature properties of these phase transitions from a\nmicroscopic viewpoint, we introduce a method to make the connection between\ncontinuous frustrated spin systems and the Potts model with invisible states.",
        "positive": "The steady state distribution for diffusion in a logarithmic-harmonic\n  potential with stochastic resetting: The steady state distribution of the position of a Brownian particle\ndiffusing in logarithmic-harmonic potential with stochastic resetting is\nobtained analytically. We show that there are two critical conditions that\ndetermine the behavior of the stationary distribution function (SDF). We also\ninvestigate how the steady state distribution, which occurs due to the nature\nof the logarithmic-harmonic potential in the absence of reset, changes in the\npresence of the reset mechanism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Static and dynamic behavior of multiplex networks under interlink\n  strength variation: It has recently been suggested \\cite{Radicchi2013} that in a two-level\nmultiplex network, a gradual change in the value of the \"interlayer\" strength\n$p$ can provoke an abrupt structural transition. The critical point $p^*$ at\nwhich this happens is system-dependent. In this article, we show in a similar\nway as in \\cite{Garrahan2014} that this is a consequence of the graph Laplacian\nformalism used in \\cite{Radicchi2013}. We calculate the evolution of $p^{*}$ as\na function of system size for ER and RR networks. We investigate the behavior\nof structural measures and dynamical processes of a two-level system as a\nfunction of $p$, by Monte-Carlo simulations, for simple particle diffusion and\nfor reaction-diffusion systems. We find that as $p$ increases there is a smooth\ntransition from two separate networks to a single one. We cannot find any\nabrupt change in static or dynamic behavior of the underlying system.",
        "positive": "Simplifying Kaufman's Solution of the Two-Dimensional Ising Model: We considerably simplify Kaufman's solution of the two-dimensional Ising\nmodel by introducing two commuting representations of the complex rotation\ngroup SO(2n,C). All eigenvalues of the transfer matrix and therefore the\npartition function are found in a straightforward way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagram of Rydberg-dressed atoms on two-leg triangular ladders: Dressed Rydberg atoms in optical lattices are a promising platform for the\nquantum simulation of intriguing phenomena emerging in strongly interacting\nsystems. Relevant to such a setup, we investigate the phase diagram of\nhard-core bosons in a triangular ladder with next-to-nearest-neighbor\ninteraction along each leg and nearest-neighbors interactions without hopping\nbetween the legs. For weak interactions, Abelian bosonization predicts a spin\ndensity wave and a fully gapless Luttinger liquid phase. Such liquids\ntransition to a 'spin-locked' cluster Luttinger liquid at strong interactions\nalong each leg, as predicted by cluster bosonization. Interestingly, the\ncompetition with the zigzag interaction generates a charge density wave, a\n'polarized holonic' phase, and a crystalline phase at the filling 2/5, that we\naddress via semi-classical perturbative approach. Exact diagonalization and\ndensity matrix renormalization group simulations confirm the predictions and\nfurther characterize the phases and their transitions.",
        "positive": "Reply to ``Comment on `Critical behavior of a two-species\n  reaction-diffusion problem' '': Our recent Monte Carlo results [Phys. Rev. E 61 (2000) 6330] for the\none-dimensional reaction-diffusion process A+B->2B and B->A lead to the\ncorrelation length exponent estimate nu=2.21 +/- 0.05. In a comment on our work\n[cond-mat/0007366] the exact value is claimed to be nu=2. We reply that the\narguments advanced in the comment fail to prove the claim."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unitary polarized Fermi gases: Although recent theoretical and experimental progress have considerably\nclarified pairing mechanisms in spin 1/2 fermionic superfluid with equally\npopulated internal states, many open questions remain when the two spin\npopulations are mismatched. We show here that, taking advantage of the\nuniversal behavior characterizing the regime of infinite scattering length, the\nmacroscopic properties of these systems can be simply and quantitatively\nunderstood in the regime of strong interactions.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium generation of charge defects in kagome spin ice under\n  slow cooling: Kagome spin ice is one of the canonical examples of highly frustrated\nmagnets. The effective magnetic degrees of freedom in kagome spin ice are Ising\nspins residing on a two-dimensional network of corner-sharing triangles. Due to\nstrong geometrical frustration, nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic interactions\non the kagome lattice give rise to a macroscopic number of degenerate classical\nground states characterized by ice rules. Elementary excitations at low\ntemperatures are defect-triangles that violate the ice rules and carry an\nadditional net magnetic charge relative to the background. We perform\nlarge-scale Glauber dynamics simulations to study the nonequilibrium dynamics\nof kagome ice under slow cooling. We show that the density of residual charge\ndefects exhibits a power law dependence on the quench rate for the class of\nalgebraic cooling protocols. The numerical results are well captured by the\nrate equation for the charge defects based on the reaction kinetics theory. As\nthe relaxation time of the kagome ice phase remains finite, there is no\ndynamical freezing as in the Kibble-Zurek scenario. Instead, we show that the\npower-law behavior originates from a thermal excitation that decay\nalgebraically with time at the late stage of the cooling schedule. Similarities\nand differences in quench dynamics of other spin ice systems are also\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat and generalized Clausius entropy of nonextensive systems: Macroscopic nonextensive thermodynamics is studied without recourse to\nmicroscopic statistical mechanics. It is shown that if entropy is nonextensive,\nthe concept of physical temperature introduced through the generalized zeroth\nlaw of thermodynamics necessarily leads to modifications of the first law of\nthermodynamics and some of thermodynamic relations including Clausius\ndefinition of thermodynamic entropy. It is also shown, by applying this\ngeneralized Clausius entropy to a composite nonextensive system, how the\nnonextensive entropy and the quantity of heat consistently behave in an\narbitrary thermodynamic process. An important point emerging from this is that\nthe entropy coefficient, which connects the microscopic and macroscopic\nconcepts, cannot be removed from the macroscopic nonextensive theory. This fact\nsuggests that nonextensivity may require atomism for macroscopic thermodynamics\nat a logical level.",
        "positive": "Using Bayes formula to estimate rates of rare events in transition path\n  sampling simulations: Transition path sampling is a method for estimating the rates of rare events\nin molecular systems based on the gradual transformation of a path distribution\ncontaining a small fraction of reactive trajectories into a biased distribution\nin which these rare trajectories have become frequent. Then, a multistate\nreweighting scheme is implemented to postprocess data collected from the staged\nsimulations. Herein, we show how Bayes formula allows to directly construct a\nbiased sample containing an enhanced fraction of reactive trajectories and to\nconcomitantly estimate the transition rate from this sample. The approach can\nremediate the convergence issues encountered in free energy perturbation or\numbrella sampling simulations when the transformed distribution insufficiently\noverlaps with the reference distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the validity of entropy production principles for linear electrical\n  circuits: We discuss the validity of close-to-equilibrium entropy production principles\nin the context of linear electrical circuits. Both the minimum and the maximum\nentropy production principle are understood within dynamical fluctuation\ntheory. The starting point are Langevin equations obtained by combining\nKirchoff's laws with a Johnson-Nyquist noise at each dissipative element in the\ncircuit. The main observation is that the fluctuation functional for time\naverages, that can be read off from the path-space action, is in first order\naround equilibrium given by an entropy production rate. That allows to\nunderstand beyond the schemes of irreversible thermodynamics (1) the validity\nof the least dissipation, the minimum entropy production, and the maximum\nentropy production principles close to equilibrium; (2) the role of the\nobservables' parity under time-reversal and, in particular, the origin of\nLandauer's counterexample (1975) from the fact that the fluctuating observable\nthere is odd under time-reversal; (3) the critical remark of Jaynes (1980)\nconcerning the apparent inappropriateness of entropy production principles in\ntemperature-inhomogeneous circuits.",
        "positive": "Large deviations at various levels for run-and-tumble processes with\n  space-dependent velocities and space-dependent switching rates: One-dimensional run-and-tumble processes may converge towards some localized\nnon-equilibrium steady state when the two velocities and/or the two switching\nrates are space-dependent. A long dynamical trajectory can be then analyzed via\nthe large deviations at Level 2.5 for the joint probability of the empirical\ndensities, of the empirical spatial currents and of the empirical switching\nflows. The Level 2 for the empirical densities alone can be then derived via\nthe optimization of the Level 2.5 over the empirical flows. More generally, the\nlarge deviations of any time-additive observable can be also obtained via\ncontraction from the Level 2.5, or equivalently via the deformed generator\nmethod and the corresponding Doob conditioned process. Finally, the large\ndeviations for the empirical intervals between consecutive switching events can\nbe obtained via the introduction of the alternate Markov chain that governs the\nseries of all the switching events of a long trajectory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic Theory for Emission of Elementary Excitations into He II\n  from a Heated Solid: I develop here the microscopic quantum theory for description of creation of\nphonons and rotons in superfluid helium by a solid heater. Starting with\ncorrect transfer Hamiltonian describing a coupling between the solid and liquid\n$^4$He the probabilities of transformation of a single phonon in the solid into\ni) single helium phonon, ii) two helium phonons, and iii) single helium roton\nare found out. All the obtained expressions account for different polarizations\nof phonons in the solid. The heat transfer associated with single phonon and\nsingle roton channels are calculated. Particularly, the obtained expression for\nheat flux via the single phonon channel calculated in the framework of present\nmicroscopic theory exactly coincides with the well known Khalatnikov formula\nobtained initially in the framework of acoustic-mismatch theory. The\nimpossibility of direct creation of R$^{(-)}$ rotons becomes clear in the used\nframework due to accurate account of the boundary conditions at the solid --\nliquid helium interface, which is in agreement with recent experimental\nresults.",
        "positive": "A Cellular Automaton Model for Bi-Directionnal Traffic: We investigate a cellular automaton (CA) model of traffic on a bi-directional\ntwo-lane road. Our model is an extension of the one-lane CA model of {Nagel and\nSchreckenberg 1992}, modified to account for interactions mediated by passing,\nand for a distribution of vehicle speeds. We chose values for the various\nparameters to approximate the behavior of real traffic. The density-flow\ndiagram for the bi-directional model is compared to that of a one-lane model,\nshowing the interaction of the two lanes. Results were also compared to\nexperimental data, showing close agreement. This model helps bridge the gap\nbetween simplified cellular automata models and the complexity of real-world\ntraffic."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Model for Growth of Binary Alloys with Fast Surface Equilibration: We study a simple growth model for (d+1)-dimensional films of binary alloys\nin which atoms are allowed to interact and equilibrate at the surface, but are\nfrozen in the bulk. The resulting crystal is highly anisotropic: Correlations\nperpendicular to the growth direction are identical to a d-dimensional\ntwo-layer system in equilibrium, while parallel correlations generally reflect\nthe (Glauber) dynamics of such a system. For stronger in-plane interactions,\nthe correlation volumes change from oblate to highly prolate shapes near a\ncritical demixing or ordering transition. In d=1, the critical exponent z\nrelating the scaling of the two correlation lengths varies continuously with\nthe chemical interactions.",
        "positive": "Behavior of the impurity atom in a weakly-interacting Bose gas: We studied the properties of a single impurity atom immersed in a dilute Bose\ncondensate at low temperatures. In particular, we perturbatively obtained the\nmomentum dependence of the impurity spectrum and damping. By means of the\nBrillouin-Wigner perturbation theory we also calculated the self-energy both\nfor attractive and repulsive polaron in the long-wavelength limit. The\nstability problem of the impurity atom in a weakly-interacting Bose gas is also\nexamined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and generalizations: particle's dynamics\n  under comb constraints and stochastic resetting: The Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is interpreted as Brownian motion in a\nharmonic potential. This Gaussian Markov process has a bounded variance and\nadmits a stationary probability distribution, in contrast to the standard\nBrownian motion. It also tends to a drift towards its mean function, and such a\nprocess is called mean-reverting. Two examples of the generalized\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck process are considered. In the first one, we study the\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck process on a comb model, as an example of the harmonically\nbounded random motion in the topologically constrained geometry. The main\ndynamical characteristics (as the first and the second moments) and the\nprobability density function are studied in the framework of both the Langevin\nstochastic equation and the Fokker-Planck equation. The second example is\ndevoted to the study of the effects of stochastic resetting on the\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck process, including stochastic resetting in the comb\ngeometry. Here, the non-equilibrium stationary state is the main question in\ntask, where the two divergent forces, namely the resetting and the drift\ntowards the mean, lead to compelling results both in the case of the\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck process with resetting and its generalization on the two\ndimensional comb structure.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamics of probabilistic ballistic annihilation: We consider a dilute gas of hard spheres in dimension $d \\geq 2$ that upon\ncollision either annihilate with probability $p$ or undergo an elastic\nscattering with probability $1-p$. For such a system neither mass, momentum,\nnor kinetic energy are conserved quantities. We establish the hydrodynamic\nequations from the Boltzmann equation description. Within the Chapman-Enskog\nscheme, we determine the transport coefficients up to Navier-Stokes order, and\ngive the closed set of equations for the hydrodynamic fields chosen for the\nabove coarse grained description (density, momentum and kinetic temperature).\nLinear stability analysis is performed, and the conditions of stability for the\nlocal fields are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean-field theory of an asset exchange model with economic growth and\n  wealth distribution: We develop a mean-field theory of the growth, exchange and distribution (GED)\nmodel introduced by Kang et al. (preceding paper) that accurately describes the\nphase transition in the limit that the number of agents $N$ approaches\ninfinity. The GED model is a generalization of the Yard-Sale model in which the\nadditional wealth added by economic growth is nonuniformly distributed to the\nagents according to their wealth in a way determined by the parameter\n$\\lambda$. The model was shown numerically to have a phase transition at\n$\\lambda=1$ and be characterized by critical exponents and critical slowing\ndown. Our mean-field treatment of the GED model correctly predicts the\nexistence of the phase transition, critical slowing down, the values of the\ncritical exponents, and introduces an energy whose probability satisfies the\nBoltzmann distribution for $\\lambda < 1$, implying that the system is in\nthermodynamic equilibrium in the limit that $N \\to \\infty$. We show that the\nvalues of the critical exponents obtained by varying $\\lambda$ for a fixed\nvalue of $N$ do not satisfy the usual scaling laws, but do satisfy scaling if a\ncombination of parameters, which we refer to as the Ginzburg parameter, is much\ngreater than one and is held constant. We discuss possible implications of our\nresults for understanding economic systems and the subtle nature of the\nmean-field limit in systems with both additive and multiplicative noise.",
        "positive": "Zero-range process with finite compartments: Gentile's statistics and\n  glassiness: We discuss statics and dynamics of condensation in a zero-range process with\ncompartments of limited sizes. For the symmetric dynamics the stationary state\nhas a factorized form. For the asymmetric dynamics the steady state factorizes\nonly for special hopping rules which allow for overjumps of fully occupied\ncompartments. In the limit of large system size the grand canonical analysis is\nexact also in a condensed phase, and for a broader class of hopping rates as\ncompared to the previously studied systems with infinite compartments. The\ndynamics of condensation exhibits a dynamical self-blocking which significantly\nprolongs relaxation times. These general features are illustrated with a\nconcrete example: an inhomogeneous system with hopping rates that result in\nBose-Einstein-like condensations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation theorem for black-body radiation: The fluctuation theorem is verified for black-body radiation, provided the\nbunching of photons is taken into account appropriately.",
        "positive": "Inattainability of Carnot efficiency in the Brownian heat engine: We discuss the reversibility of Brownian heat engine. We perform asymptotic\nanalysis of Kramers equation on B\\\"uttiker-Landauer system and show\nquantitatively that Carnot efficiency is inattainable even in a fully\noverdamping limit. The inattainability is attributed to the inevitable\nirreversible heat flow over the temperature boundary."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-time generalization of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation: For fluctuating currents in non-equilibrium steady states, the recently\ndiscovered thermodynamic uncertainty relation expresses a fundamental relation\nbetween their variance and the overall entropic cost associated with the\ndriving. We show that this relation holds not only for the long-time limit of\nfluctuations, as described by large deviation theory, but also for fluctuations\non arbitrary finite time scales. This generalization facilitates applying the\nthermodynamic uncertainty relation to single molecule experiments, for which\ninfinite timescales are not accessible. Importantly, often this finite-time\nvariant of the relation allows inferring a bound on the entropy production that\nis even stronger than the one obtained from the long-time limit. We illustrate\nthe relation for the fluctuating work that is performed by a stochastically\nswitching laser tweezer on a trapped colloidal particle.",
        "positive": "Galilean invariance and homogeneous anisotropic randomly stirred flows: The Ward-Takahashi (WT) identities for incompressible flow implied by\nGalilean invariance are derived for the randomly forced Navier-Stokes equation\n(NSE), in which both the mean and fluctuating velocity components are\nexplicitly present. The consequences of Galilean invariance for the vertex\nrenormalization are drawn from this identity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Analysis of Soliton Dynamics in Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensates: We propose an integrable model of a multicomponent spinor Bose-Einstein\ncondensate in one dimension, which allows an exact description of the dynamics\nof bright solitons with spin degrees of freedom. We consider specifically an\natomic condensate in the F=1 hyperfine state confined by an optical dipole\ntrap. When the mean-field interaction is attractive (c_0 < 0) and the\nspin-exchange interaction of a spinor condensate is ferromagnetic (c_2 < 0), we\nprove that the system possesses a completely integrable point leading to the\nexistence of multiple bright solitons. By applying results from the inverse\nscattering method, we analyze a collision law for two-soliton solutions and\nfind that the dynamics can be explained in terms of the spin precession.",
        "positive": "An Explicit Microreversibility Violating Thermodynamic Markov Process: We explicitly construct a non-microreversible transition matrix for a Markov\nprocess and apply it to the standard three-state Potts model. This provides a\nclear and simple demonstration that the usual micoreversibility property of\nthermodynamical Monte Carlo algorithms is not strictly necessary from a\nmathemetical point of view."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Physical interpretation of It\u00f4--distribution on the basis of local\n  measurement of diffusion: In this paper we provide a physical interpretation of It\\^o-process resulting\nin thermal equilibrium distribution of a Brownian particle experiencing\ncoordinate dependent diffusion. Since the local quantities like diffusivity\nwould go through large fluctuations in thermal equilibrium, one needs to take\nthese fluctuation into account. We identify that the definition of local\ndiffusivity is an essential ingredient that effectively modifies Hamiltonian of\nthe system to result in a physically relevant Gibbs measure related to the\nIt\\^o-distribution.",
        "positive": "Thermal Pure Quantum States of Many-Particle Systems: We generalize the thermal pure quantum (TPQ) formulation of statistical\nmechanics, in such a way that it is applicable to systems whose Hilbert space\nis infinite dimensional. Assuming particle systems, we construct the\ngrand-canonical TPQ (gTPQ) state, which is the counterpart of the\ngrand-canonical Gibbs state of the ensemble formulation. A single realization\nof the gTPQ state gives all quantities of statistical-mechanical interest, with\nexponentially small probability of error. This formulation not only sheds new\nlight on quantum statistical mechanics but also is useful for practical\ncomputations. As an illustration, we apply it to the Hubbard model, on a\none-dimensional (1d) chain and on a two-dimensional (2d) triangular lattice.\nFor the 1d chain, our results agree well with the exact solutions over wide\nranges of temperature, chemical potential and the on-site interaction. For the\n2d triangular lattice, for which exact results are unknown, we obtain reliable\nresults over a wide range of temperature. We also find that finite-size effects\nare much smaller in the gTPQ state than in the canonical TPQ (cTPQ) state. This\nalso shows that in the ensemble formulation the grand-canonical Gibbs state of\na finite-size system simulates an infinite system much better than the\ncanonical Gibbs state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Devising a protocol-related statistical mechanics framework for granular\n  materials: Devising a statistical mechanics framework for jammed granular materials is a\nchallenging task as those systems do not share some important properties\nrequired to characterize them with statistical thermodynamics tools. In a\nrecent paper [Asenjo et al. PRL, 2014], a new definition of a granular entropy,\nthat puts the protocol used to generate the packings at its roots, has been\nproposed. Following up these results, it is shown that the protocol used in\n[Asenjo et al. PRL, 2014] can be recast as a canonical ensemble with a\nparticular value of the temperature. Signature of gaussianity for large system\nsizes strongly suggests an asymptotic equivalence with a corresponding\nmicrocanonical ensemble where jammed states with certain basin volumes are\nsampled uniformly. We argue that this microcanonical ensemble is not Edwards'\nmicrocanonical ensemble and generalize this argument to other protocols.",
        "positive": "New integrable version of the degenerate supersymmetric t-J model: A new integrable version of the degenerate supersymmetric t-J model is\nproposed. In this formulation instead of restricting single occupancy of\nelectrons at each lattice site we may have up to two electrons at each site. As\na requirement of exact integrability the hopping interaction turns out to be\ncorrelated with the density of electrons in the neighboring sites. The exact\nsolution of the model is obtained through the coordinate Bethe anzatz."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat differentiated by projection from particles' trajectories onto the\n  particle number-density field: Many particles suspended in a solution have two analogous but distinct\nstochastic descriptions referred to as the Langevin and Dean--Kawasaki\nequations, which are based on monitoring particles' trajectories and their\nnumber-density field, respectively. This article focuses on heat defined in the\nLangevin equation proposed by Sekimoto and also analogous heat assumed in the\nDean--Kawasaki equation. Spatial projection derives the Dean--Kawasaki equation\nfrom the Langevin equation, so that the amounts of the heat observed on the two\nstochastic forms are not generally identical even in the same phenomena.\nNotably, spatiotemporal resolutions are not altered in the above projection.\nThis difference offers an intriguing quantity reduced to the entropy of the\nnumber density. In addition, a many-polymer system is also found to retain the\nanalogous formalisms of a many-colloid system when chain configurations are\nembedded into hyperdimensions. Furthermore, we develop arguments about the\ninterpretation and applicability of the heat differences.",
        "positive": "Quasi-linear regime and rare-event tails of decaying Burgers turbulence: We study the decaying Burgers dynamics in $d$ dimensions for random Gaussian\ninitial conditions. We focus on power-law initial energy spectra, such that the\nsystem shows a self-similar evolution. This is the case of interest for the\n\"adhesion model\" in cosmology and a standard framework for \"decaying Burgers\nturbulence\". We briefly describe how the system can be studied through\nperturbative expansions at early time or large scale (quasi-linear regime).\nNext, we develop a saddle-point method, based on spherical instantons, that\nallows to obtain the asymptotic probability distributions $\\cP(\\eta_r)$ and\n$\\cP(\\ctheta_r)$, of the density and velocity increment over spherical cells,\nreached in the quasi-linear regime. Finally, we show how this approach can be\nextended to take into account the formation of shocks and we derive the\nrare-event tails of these probability distributions, at any finite time and\nscale. This also gives the high-mass tail of the mass function of point-like\nsingularities (shocks in the one dimensional case)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transfer Matrices and Partition-Function Zeros for Antiferromagnetic\n  Potts Models III. Triangular-Lattice Chromatic Polynomial: We study the chromatic polynomial P_G(q) for m \\times n triangular-lattice\nstrips of widths m <= 12_P, 9_F (with periodic or free transverse boundary\nconditions, respectively) and arbitrary lengths n (with free longitudinal\nboundary conditions). The chromatic polynomial gives the zero-temperature limit\nof the partition function for the q-state Potts antiferromagnet. We compute the\ntransfer matrix for such strips in the Fortuin--Kasteleyn representation and\nobtain the corresponding accumulation sets of chromatic zeros in the complex\nq-plane in the limit n\\to\\infty. We recompute the limiting curve obtained by\nBaxter in the thermodynamic limit m,n\\to\\infty and find new interesting\nfeatures with possible physical consequences. Finally, we analyze the isolated\nlimiting points and their relation with the Beraha numbers.",
        "positive": "Stability properties and probability distribution of multi-overlaps in\n  dilute spin glasses: We prove that the Aizenman-Contucci relations, well known for fully connected\nspin glasses, hold in diluted spin glasses as well. We also prove more general\nconstraints in the same spirit for multi-overlaps, systematically confirming\nand expanding previous results. The strategy we employ makes no use of\nself-averaging, and allows us to generate hierarchically all such relations\nwithin the framework of Random Multi-Overlap Structures. The basic idea is to\nstudy, for these structures, the consequences of the closely related concepts\nof stochastic stability, quasi-stationarity under random shifts, factorization\nof the trial free energy. The very simple technique allows us to prove also the\nphase transition for the overlap: it remains strictly positive (in average)\nbelow the critical temperature if a suitable external field is first applied\nand then removed in the thermodynamic limit. We also deduce, from a cavity\napproach, the general form of the constraints on the distribution of\nmulti-overlaps found within Quasi-Stationary Random Multi-Overlap Structures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interplay of phase segregation and chemical reaction: Crossover and\n  effect on growth laws: By combining the nonconserved spin-flip dynamics driving ferromagnetic\nordering with the conserved Kawasaki-exchange dynamics driving phase\nsegregation, we perform Monte Carlo simulations of the nearest neighbor Ising\nmodel. Such a set up mimics a system consisting of a binary mixture of\n\\emph{isomers} which is simultaneously undergoing a segregation and an\n\\emph{interconversion} reaction among themselves . Here, we study such a system\nfollowing a quench from the high-temperature homogeneous phase to a temperature\nbelow the demixing transition. We monitor the growth of domains of both the\n\\emph{winner}, the \\emph{isomer} which survives as the majority and the\n\\emph{loser}, the \\emph{isomer} that perishes. Our results show a strong\ninterplay of the two dynamics at early times leading to a growth of the average\ndomain size of both the \\emph{winner} and \\emph{loser} as $\\sim t^{1/7}$,\nslower than a purely phase-segregating system. At later times, eventually the\ndynamics becomes reaction dominated, and the \\emph{winner} exhibits a $\\sim\nt^{1/2}$ growth, expected for a system with purely nonconserved dynamics. On\nthe other hand, the \\emph{loser} at first show a faster growth, albeit, slower\nthan the \\emph{winner}, and then starts to decay before it almost vanishes.\nFurther, we estimate the time $\\tau_s$ marking the crossover from the\nearly-time slow growth to the late-time reaction dominated faster growth. As a\nfunction of the reaction probability $p_r$, we observe a power-law scaling\n$\\tau_s \\sim p_r^{-x}$, where $x\\approx 1.05$, irrespective of temperature. For\na fixed value of $p_r$ too, $\\tau_s$ appears to be independent of temperature.",
        "positive": "Magnetic ordering of random dense packings of freely rotating dipoles: We study random dense packings of Heisenberg dipoles by numerical simulation.\nThe dipoles are at the centers of identical spheres that occupy fixed random\npositions in space and fill a fraction $\\Phi$ of the spatial volume. The\nparameter $\\Phi$ ranges from rather low values, typical of amorphous ensembles,\nto the maximum $\\Phi$=0.64 that occurs in the random-close-packed limit. We\nassume that the dipoles can freely rotate and have no local anisotropies. As\nwell as the usual thermodynamical variables, the physics of such systems\ndepends on $\\Phi$. Concretely, we explore the magnetic ordering of these\nsystems in order to depict the phase diagram in the temperature-$\\Phi$ plane.\nFor $\\Phi \\gtrsim0.49$ we find quasi-long-range ferromagnetic order coexisting\nwith strong long-range spin-glass order. For $\\Phi \\lesssim0.49$ the\nferromagnetic order disappears giving way to a spin-glass phase similar to the\nones found for Ising dipolar systems with strong frozen disorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics on the spectra of random matrices: We show that the spectra of Wishart matrices built from magnetization time\nseries can describe the phase transitions and the critical phenomena of the\nPotts model with a different number of states. We can statistically determine\nthe transition points, independent of their order, by studying the density of\nthe eigenvalues and corresponding fluctuations. In some way, we establish a\nrelationship between the actual thermodynamics with the spectral thermodynamics\ndescribed by the eigenvalues. The histogram of correlations between time series\ninterestingly supports our results. In addition, we present an analogy to the\nstudy of the spectral properties of the Potts model, considering matrices\ncorrelated artificially. For such matrices, the eigenvalues are distributed in\ntwo groups that present a gap depending on such correlation.",
        "positive": "Pathological limits in statistical mechanics: This paper shows that some of the limit-like quantities currently used in\nstatistical mechanics are ill-defined in the mathematical sense. Along the\nline, it is shown that significant progresses in non-equilibrium gas dynamics\ncan be made by redefining, reinterpreting, and reformulating those quantities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact probability distribution for the two-tag displacement in\n  single-file motion: We consider a gas of point particles moving on the one-dimensional line with\na hard-core inter-particle interaction that prevents particle crossings ---\nthis is usually referred to as single-file motion. The individual particle\ndynamics can be arbitrary and they only interact when they meet. Starting from\ninitial conditions such that particles are uniformly distributed, we observe\nthe displacement of a tagged particle at time $t$, with respect to the initial\nposition of another tagged particle, such that their tags differ by $r$. For\n$r=0$, this is the usual well studied problem of the tagged particle motion.\nUsing a mapping to a non-interacting particle system we compute the exact\nprobability distribution function for the two-tagged particle displacement, for\ngeneral single particle dynamics. As by-products, we compute the large\ndeviation function, various cumulants and, for the case of Hamiltonian\ndynamics, the two-particle velocity auto-correlation function.",
        "positive": "Describing the ground state of quantum systems through statistical\n  mechanics: We present a statistical mechanics description to study the ground state of\nquantum systems. In this approach, averages for the complete system are\ncalculated over the non-interacting energy levels. Taking different interaction\nparameter, the particles of the system fall into non-interacting microstates,\ncorresponding to different occupation probabilities for these energy levels.\nUsing this novel thermodynamic interpretation we study the Hubbard model for\nthe case of two electrons in two sites and for the half-filled band on a\none-dimensional lattice. We show that the form of the entropy depends on the\nspecific system considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium density matrix for quantum transport: Hershfield approach\n  as a McLennan-Zubarev form of the statistical operator: In this paper, we formally demonstrate that the non-equilibrium density\nmatrix developed by Hershfield for the steady state has the form of a\nMcLennan-Zubarev non-equilibrium ensemble. The correction term in this pseudo\nequilibrium Gibbs-like ensemble is directly related to the entropy production\nin the quantum open system. The fact the both methods state that a\nnon-equilibrium steady state can be mapped onto a pseudo-equilibrium, permits\nus to develop non-equilibrium quantities from formal expressions equivalent to\nthe equilibrium case. We provide an example: the derivation of a\nnon-equilibrium distribution function for the electron population in a\nscattering region in the context of quantum transport.",
        "positive": "Simple CVM-based approximations for the configurational entropy: It is shown how to derive simple polynomial expressions for the variational\nconfigurational entropy starting from the cluster variation method (CVM). As an\nexample, first six terms of the expansion of the entropy in powers of the\nnearest-neighbour (NN) short-range order (SRO) parameter are obtained for the\nNN Ising ferromagnet on the face-centered cubic lattice using the tetrahedron\n(T-CVM) approximation. Calculated values of the transition temperature and the\nNN SRO parameter at the transition converge rapidly to their T-CVM counterparts\nas order of the approximation increases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temporally disordered granular flow: A model of landslides: We propose and study numerically a stochastic cellular automaton model for\nthe dynamics of granular materials with temporal disorder representing random\nvariation of the diffusion probability $1-\\mu (t)$ around threshold value\n$1-\\mu_0$ during the course of an avalanche. Combined with the slope threshold\ndynamics, the temporal disorder yields a series of secondary instabilities,\nresembling those in realistic granular slides. When the parameter $\\mu_0$ is\nlower than the critical value $\\mu_{0}^\\star \\approx 0.4$, the dynamics is\ndominated by occasional huge sandslides. For the range of values $\\mu_{0}^\\star\n\\le \\mu_0 < 1$ the critical steady states occur, which are characterized by\nmultifractal scaling properties of the slide distributions and continuously\nvarying critical exponents $\\tau_X(\\mu_0)$. The mass distribution exponent for\n$\\mu_0\\approx 0.45$ is in agreement with the reported value that characterizes\nHimalayan sandslides. At $\\mu_{0}= \\mu_{0}^\\star$ the exponents governing\ndistributions of large relaxation events reach numerical values which are close\nto those of parity-conserving universality class, whereas for small avalanches\nthey are close to the mean-field exponents.",
        "positive": "Geometrical structures of the instantaneous current and their\n  macroscopic effects: vortices and perspectives in non-gradient models: First we discuss the definition of the instantaneous current in interacting\nparticle systems, in particular in mass-energy systems and we point out its\nrole in the derivation of the hydrodynamics. Later we present some geometrical\nstructures of the instantaneous current when the rates satisfy a common\nsymmetry. These structures give some new ideas in non-gradient models and show\nnew phenomenology in diffusive interacting particle systems. Specifically, we\nintroduce models with vorticity and present some new perspectives on the link\nbetween the Green-Kubo's formula and the hydrodynamics of non-gradient models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adsorption and desorption in confined geometries: a discrete hopping\n  model: We study the adsorption and desorption kinetics of interacting particles\nmoving on a one-dimensional lattice. Confinement is introduced by limiting the\nnumber of particles on a lattice site. Adsorption and desorption are found to\nproceed at different rates, and are strongly influenced by the\nconcentration-dependent transport diffusion. Analytical solutions for the\ntransport and self-diffusion are given for systems of length 1 and 2 and for a\nzero-range process. In the last situation the self- and transport diffusion can\nbe calculated analytically for any length.",
        "positive": "Fermi gases with imaginary mass imbalance and the sign problem in Monte\n  Carlo calculations: Fermi gases in strongly coupled regimes, such as the unitary limit, are\ninherently challenging for many-body methods. Although much progress has been\nmade with purely analytic methods, quantitative results require ab initio\nnumerical approaches, such as Monte Carlo (MC) calculations. However,\nmass-imbalanced and spin-imbalanced gases are not accessible to MC calculations\ndue to the infamous sign problem. It was recently pointed out that the sign\nproblem, for finite spin imbalance, can be circumvented by resorting to\nimaginary polarizations and analytic continuation. Large parts of the phase\ndiagram spanned by temperature and polarization then become accessible to MC\ncalculations. We propose to apply a similar strategy to the mass-imbalanced\ncase, which opens up the possibility to study the associated phase diagram with\nMC calculations. In particular, our analysis suggests that a detection of a\n(tri-)critical point in this phase diagram is possible. We also discuss\ncalculations in the zero-temperature limit with our approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of two friendly walks above a sticky wall with single and\n  double interactions: We find, and analyse, the exact solution of two friendly directed walks,\nmodelling polymers, which interact with a wall via contact interactions. We\nspecifically consider two walks that begin and end together so as to imitate a\npolygon. We examine a general model in which a separate interaction parameter\nis assigned to configurations where both polymers touch the wall\nsimultaneously, and investigate the effect this parameter has on the\nintegrability of the problem. We find an exact solution of the generating\nfunction of the model, and provide a full analysis of the phase diagram that\nadmits three phases with one first-order and two second-order transition lines\nbetween these phases. We argue that one physically realisable model would see\ntwo phase transitions as the temperature is lowered.",
        "positive": "Energy spread and current-current correlation in quantum systems: We consider energy (heat) transport in quantum systems, and establish a\nrelationship between energy spread and energy current-current correlation\nfunction. The energy current-current correlation is related to thermal\nconductivity by the Green-Kubo formula, and thus this relationship allows us to\nstudy conductivity directly from the energy spread process. As an example, we\ninvestigate a spinless fermion model; the numerical results confirm the\nrelationship."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strictly and asymptotically scale-invariant probabilistic models of $N$\n  correlated binary random variables having {\\em q}--Gaussians as $N\\to \\infty$\n  limiting distributions: In order to physically enlighten the relationship between {\\it\n$q$--independence} and {\\it scale-invariance}, we introduce three types of\nasymptotically scale-invariant probabilistic models with binary random\nvariables, namely (i) a family, characterized by an index $\\nu=1,2,3,...$,\nunifying the Leibnitz triangle ($\\nu=1$) and the case of independent variables\n($\\nu\\to\\infty$); (ii) two slightly different discretizations of\n$q$--Gaussians; (iii) a special family, characterized by the parameter $\\chi$,\nwhich generalizes the usual case of independent variables (recovered for\n$\\chi=1/2$). Models (i) and (iii) are in fact strictly scale-invariant. For\nmodels (i), we analytically show that the $N \\to\\infty$ probability\ndistribution is a $q$--Gaussian with $q=(\\nu -2)/(\\nu-1)$. Models (ii) approach\n$q$--Gaussians by construction, and we numerically show that they do so with\nasymptotic scale-invariance. Models (iii), like two other strictly\nscale-invariant models recently discussed by Hilhorst and Schehr (2007),\napproach instead limiting distributions which are {\\it not} $q$--Gaussians. The\nscenario which emerges is that asymptotic (or even strict) scale-invariance is\nnot sufficient but it might be necessary for having strict (or asymptotic)\n$q$--independence, which, in turn, mandates $q$--Gaussian attractors.",
        "positive": "Fluctuations of global energy release and crackling in nominally brittle\n  heterogeneous fracture: The temporal evolution of mechanical energy and spatially-averaged crack\nspeed are both monitored in slowly fracturing artificial rocks. Both signals\ndisplay an irregular burst-like dynamics, with power-law distributed\nfluctuations spanning a broad range of scales. Yet, the elastic power released\nat each time step is proportional to the global velocity all along the process,\nwhich enables defining a material-constant fracture energy. We characterize the\nintermittent dynamics by computing the burst statistics. This latter displays\nthe scale-free features signature of crackling dynamics, in qualitative but not\nquantitative agreement with the depinning interface models derived for fracture\nproblems. The possible sources of discrepancies are pointed out and discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The statistics of the ordering of chiral ribbons on a honeycomb lattice: A novel model, devised to describe spontaneous chirality synchronization in\ncomplex liquids and liquid crystals, is proposed and studied. Segments of\nribbon-like molecular columns with left- or right-handed 180degree twist lie on\nthe bonds of a honeycomb lattice so that three ribbons meet in a vertex of the\nhexagonal honeycomb. The energy of each vertex is a minimum if the three\nribbons have the same chirality, -E, and is +E otherwise, and the ground state\nis homochiral, i.e. all ribbons have the same hand. The energy levels for two\nvertices linked by a single ribbon are either -2E, 0 and +2 E in this vertex\nmodel. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that this model is identical to an\nIsing spin model on a Kagome lattice, for which the site energy structure is\nquite different. The equivalence of the ordering of the vertex and Ising spin\nmodels is also shown analytically. The energy difference between the disordered\nand ground states, 4J in the spin model, is related to the transition\ntemperature for the Kagome lattice using the exact result, Tc=2.14J. The\nordering energy difference for a single site is 50% higher for the vertex\nmodel. The thermodynamic energy for the vertex model is corrected by a factor\nof 1/3 due to double counting and this makes the specific heat of the vertex\nmodel also equal to that of the spin model as expected. Other similar models\nwhere there is an unusual relation between the site and thermodynamic energies\nare discussed briefly.",
        "positive": "Monodisperse approximation as a tool to determine stochastic effects in\n  decay of metastable phase: Stochastic features of decay of a metastable phase have been investigated\nwith the help of a new monodisperse approximation. This approximation is more\nprecise than the already used one and namely it allows to give a very simple\nbut rather precise way to calculate dispersion of the total droplets number\ninitiated by stochastic appearance of supercritical embryos. The derivation is\ndone for a free molecular regime of droplets growth but the diffusion regime is\nalso discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Functional-integral based perturbation theory for the Malthus-Verhulst\n  process: We apply a functional-integral formalism for Markovian birth and death\nprocesses to determine asymptotic corrections to mean-field theory in the\nMalthus-Verhulst process (MVP). Expanding about the stationary mean-field\nsolution, we identify an expansion parameter that is small in the limit of\nlarge mean population, and derive a diagrammatic expansion in powers of this\nparameter. The series is evaluated to fifth order using computational\nenumeration of diagrams. Although the MVP has no stationary state, we obtain\ngood agreement with the associated {\\it quasi-stationary} values for the\nmoments of the population size, provided the mean population size is not small.\nWe compare our results with those of van Kampen's $\\Omega$-expansion, and apply\nour method to the MVP with input, for which a stationary state does exist.",
        "positive": "Fixed Points Structure & Effective Fractional Dimension for O(N) Models\n  with Long-Range Interactions: We study O(N) models with power-law interactions by using functional\nrenormalization group methods: we show that both in Local Potential\nApproximation (LPA) and in LPA' their critical exponents can be computed from\nthe ones of the corresponding short-range O(N) models at an effective\nfractional dimension. In LPA such effective dimension is given by\n$D_{eff}=2d/\\sigma$, where d is the spatial dimension and $d+\\sigma$ is the\nexponent of the power-law decay of the interactions. In LPA' the prediction by\nSak [Phys. Rev. B 8, 1 (1973)] for the critical exponent $\\eta$ is retrieved\nand an effective fractional dimension $D_{eff}'$ is obtained. Using these\nresults we determine the existence of multicritical universality classes of\nlong-range O(N) models and we present analytical predictions for the critical\nexponent $\\nu$ as a function of $\\sigma$ and N: explicit results in 2 and 3\ndimensions are given. Finally, we propose an improved LPA\" approximation to\ndescribe the full theory space of the models where both short-range and\nlong-range interactions are present and competing: a long-range fixed point is\nfound to branch from the short-range fixed point at the critical value\n$\\sigma_* = 2-\\eta_{SR}$ (where $\\eta_{SR}$ is the anomalous dimension of the\nshort-range model), and to subsequently control the critical behavior of the\nsystem for $\\sigma < \\sigma_*$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extreme value statistics of work done in stretching a polymer in a\n  gradient flow: We analyze the statistics of work generated by a gradient flow to stretch a\nnonlinear polymer. We obtain the Large Deviation Function (LDF) of the work in\nthe full range of appropriate parameters by combining analytical and numerical\ntools. The LDF shows two distinct asymptotes: \"near tails\" are linear in work\nand dominated by coiled polymer configurations, while \"far tails\" are quadratic\nin work and correspond to preferentially fully stretched polymers. We find the\nextreme value statistics of work for several singular elastic potentials, as\nwell as the mean and the dispersion of work near the coil-stretch transition.\nThe dispersion shows a maximum at the transition.",
        "positive": "A new hierarchy of avalanches observed in Bak-Sneppen evolution model: A new quantity, average fitness, is introduced in Bak-Sneppen evolution\nmodel. Through this new quantity, a new hierarchy of avalanches is observed in\nthe evolution of Bak-Sneppen model. An exact gap equation, governing the\nself-organization of the model, is presented. It is found that the\nself-organized threshold of the new quantity can be exactly obtained. Two basic\nexponents, avalanche distribution and avalanche dimension are given through\nsimulations of one- and two-dimensional Bak-Sneppen models. It is suggested\nthat this new quantity may be a good quantity in determining the emergence of\ncriticality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local detailed balance: We review the physical meaning and mathematical implementation of the\ncondition of local detailed balance for a class of nonequilibrium mesoscopic\nprocesses. A central concept is that of fluctuating entropy flux for which the\nsteady average gives the mean entropy production rate. We repeat how local\ndetailed balance is essentially equivalent to the widely discussed fluctuation\nrelations for that entropy flux and hence is at most \"only half of the story.\"",
        "positive": "Langevin dynamics with spatial correlations as a model for\n  electron-phonon coupling: Stochastic Langevin dynamics has been traditionally used as a tool to\ndescribe non-equilibrium processes. When utilized in systems with collective\nmodes, traditional Langevin dynamics relaxes all modes indiscriminately,\nregardless of their wavelength. We propose a generalization of Langevin\ndynamics that can capture a differential coupling between collective modes and\nthe bath, by introducing spatial correlations in the random forces. This allows\nmodeling the electronic subsystem in a metal as a generalized Langevin bath\nendowed with a concept of locality, greatly improving the capabilities of the\ntwo-temperature model. The specific form proposed here for the spatial\ncorrelations produces physical wavevector- and polarization-dependency of the\nrelaxation produced by the electron-phonon coupling in a solid. We show that\nthe resulting model can be used for describing the path to equilibration of\nions and electrons, and also as a thermostat to sample the equilibrium\ncanonical ensemble. By extension, the family of models presented here can be\napplied in general to any dense system, solids, alloys and dense plasmas. As an\nexample, we apply the model to study the non-equilibrium dynamics of an\nelectron-ion two-temperature Ni crystal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ballistic-diffusive model for heat transport in superlattices and the\n  minimum effective heat conductivity: There has been much interest in semiconductor superlattices because of\nshowing very low thermal conductivities. This makes them especially suitable\nfor applications in a variety of devices for thermoelectric generation of\nenergy, heat control at the nanometric length scale, etc. Recent experiments\nhave confirmed that the effective thermal conductivity of superlattices at room\ntemperature have a minimum for very short periods (in the order of nanometers)\nas some kinetic calculations had anticipated previously. This work will show\nadvances on a thermodynamic theory of heat transport in nanometric 1D\nmultilayer systems by considering the separation of ballistic and diffusive\nheat fluxes, which are both described by Guyer-Krumhansl constitutive\nequations. The dispersion relations, as derived from the ballistic and\ndiffusive heat transport equations, are used to derive an effective heat\nconductivity of the superlattice and to explain the minimum of the effective\nthermal conductivity.",
        "positive": "Wetting transitions of Ne: We report studies of the wetting behavior of Ne on very weakly attractive\nsurfaces, carried out with the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo method. The Ne-Ne\ninteraction was taken to be of Lennard-Jones form, while the Ne-surface\ninteraction was derived from an ab initio calculation of Chizmeshya et al.\nNonwetting behavior was found for Li, Rb, and Cs in the temperature regime\nexplored (i.e., T < 42 K). Drying behavior was manifested in a depleted fluid\ndensity near the Cs surface. In contrast, for the case of Mg (a more attractive\npotential) a prewetting transition was found near T= 28 K. This temperature was\nfound to shift slightly when a corrugated potential was used instead of a\nuniform potential. The isotherm shape and the density profiles did not differ\nqualitatively between these cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimizing the random search of a finite-lived target by a L\u00e9vy flight: In many random search processes of interest in chemistry, biology or during\nrescue operations, an entity must find a specific target site before the latter\nbecomes inactive, no longer available for reaction or lost. We present exact\nresults on a minimal model system, a one-dimensional searcher performing a\ndiscrete time random walk or L\\'evy flight. In contrast with the case of a\npermanent target, the capture probability and the conditional mean first\npassage time can be optimized. The optimal L\\'evy index takes a non-trivial\nvalue, even in the long lifetime limit, and exhibits an abrupt transition as\nthe initial distance to the target is varied. Depending on the target lifetime,\nthis transition is discontinuous or continuous, separated by a non-conventional\ntricritical point. These results pave the way to the optimization of search\nprocesses under time constraints.",
        "positive": "A Novel Approach to Spherical Harmonics Expansion for Electron Transport\n  in Semiconductors: A set of equations is derived from the Boltzmann kinetic equation describing\ncharge transport in semiconductors. The unknowns of these equations depend on\nthe space-time coordinates and the electron energy. The non-parabolic and\nparabolic band approximation are treated in detail. In these cases, the set of\nequations is equivalent to those obtained in the spherical-harmonics expansion.\nStationary and homogeneous solutions are explicitly treated. In order to solve\nnumerically the equations, a cut in the energy range is introduced. The\nmodified model maintains the physical characteristics of the original\nequations. The solution of an asymptotic equation is found and compared to the\nnumerical solutions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inherent Structures for Soft Long-Range Interactions in Two-Dimensional\n  Many-Particle Systems: We generate inherent structures, local potential-energy minima, of the\n\"$k$-space overlap potential\" in two-dimensional many-particle systems using a\ncooling and quenching simulation technique. The ground states associated with\nthe $k$-space overlap potential are stealthy ({\\it i.e.,} completely suppress\nsingle scattering of radiation for a range of wavelengths) and hyperuniform\n({\\it i.e.,} infinite wavelength density fluctuations vanish). However, we show\nvia quantitative metrics that the inherent structures exhibit a range of\nstealthiness and hyperuniformity depending on the fraction of degrees of\nfreedom that are constrained. Inherent structures in two dimensions typically\ncontain five-particle rings, wavy grain boundaries, and vacancy-interstitial\ndefects. The structural and thermodynamic properties of inherent structures are\nrelatively insensitive to the temperature from which they are sampled,\nsignifying that the energy landscape is relatively flat and devoid of deep\nwells. Using the nudged-elastic-band algorithm, we construct paths from\nground-state configurations to inherent structures and identify the transition\npoints between them. In addition, we use point patterns generated from a random\nsequential addition (RSA) of hard disks, which are nearly stealthy, and examine\nthe particle rearrangements necessary to make the configurations absolutely\nstealthy. We introduce a configurational proximity metric to show that only\nsmall local, but collective, particle rearrangements are needed to drive\ninitial RSA configurations to stealthy disordered ground states. These results\nlead to a more complete understanding of the unusual behaviors exhibited by the\nfamily of \"collective-coordinate\" potentials to which the $k$-space overlap\npotential belongs.",
        "positive": "Interface Unbinding in Structured Wedges: The unbinding properties of an interface near structured wedges are\ninvestigated by discrete models with short range interactions. The calculations\ndemonstrate that interface unbinding take place in two stages: $i$) a\ncontinuous filling--like transition in the pure wedge--like parts of the\nstructure; $ii$) a conclusive discontinuous unbinding. In 2$D$ an exact\ntransfer matrix approach allows to extract the whole interface phase diagram\nand the precise mechanism at the basis of the phenomenon. The Metropolis Monte\nCarlo simulations performed in 3$D$ reveal an analogous behavior. The emerging\nscenario allows to shed new light onto the problem of wetting of geometrically\nrough walls."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Determination of Interaction Potentials in Freeway Traffic from\n  Steady-State Statistics: Many-particle simulations of vehicle interactions have been quite successful\nin the qualitative reproduction of observed traffic patterns. However, the\nassumed interactions could not be measured, as human interactions are hard to\nquantify compared to interactions in physical and chemical systems. We show\nthat progress can be made by generalizing a method from equilibrium statistical\nphysics we learned from random matrix theory. It allows one to determine the\ninteraction potential via distributions of the netto distances s of vehicles.\nAssuming power-law interactions, we find that driver behavior can be\napproximated by a forwardly directed 1/s potential in congested traffic, while\ninteractions in free traffic are characterized by an exponent of approximately\n4. This is relevant for traffic simulations and the assessment of telematic\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Complete graph asymptotics for the Ising and random cluster models on 5D\n  grids with cyclic boundary: The finite size scaling behaviour for the Ising model in five dimensions,\nwith either free or cyclic boundary, has been the subject for a long running\ndebate. The older papers have been based on ideas from e.g. field theory or\nrenormalization. In this paper we propose a detailed and exact scaling picture\nfor critical region of the model with cyclic boundary. Unlike the previous\npapers our approach is based on a comparison with the existing exact and\nrigorous results for the FK-random-cluster model on a complete graph. Based on\nthose results we identify several distinct scaling regions in an $L$-dependent\nwindow around the critical point. We test these predictions by comparing with\ndata from Monte Carlo simulations and find a good agreement. The main feature\nwhich differs between the complete graph and the five dimensional model with\nfree boundary is the existence of a bimodal energy distribution near the\ncritical point in the latter. This feature was found by the same authors in an\nearlier paper in the form of a quasi-first order phase transition for the same\nIsing model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unsupervised learning of site percolation based on shuffled\n  configurations: In the field of statistical physics, machine learning has gained significant\npopularity and has achieved remarkable results in recent studies on phase\ntransitions.In this paper, we apply Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and\nAutoencoder(AE) based on Unsupervised learning to study the various\nconfigurations of the percolation model in equilibrium phase transition. In\ncertain phase transition models, such as the DP model in non-equilibrium phase\ntransitions, the order parameter is particle density. However, in some other\nphase transition models, such as the percolation model, it is not. This study\ninvolved randomizing and selecting percolation graphs to be used as input for a\nneural network, and analyzed the obtained results, indicating that the outputs\nof the single latent variable of AE and the first principal component of PCA\nare signals related to particle density.",
        "positive": "Is nonextensive statistics applicable to continuous Hamiltonian systems?: The homogeneous entropy for continuous systems in nonextensive statistics\nreads $S^{H}_{q}=k_B\\,{(1 - (K \\int d\\Gamma \\rho^{1/q}(\\Gamma))^{q})}/({1-q})$,\nwhere $\\Gamma$ is the phase space variable. Optimization of $S^{H}_{q}$\ncombined with normalization and energy constraints gives an implicit expression\nof the distribution function $\\rho (\\Gamma)$ which can be computed explicitly\nfor the ideal gas. From this result, we compute properties such as the energy\nfluctuations and the specific heat. Similar results are also presented using\nthe formulation based on the Tsallis entropy. From the analysis, we discuss the\nvalidity of the application of the nonextensive formalism to continuous\nHamiltonian systems which is found to be restricted to the range $q<1$, which\nrenders problematic its applicability to the class of phenomena exhibiting\npower law decay."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The adsorption-desorption model and its application to vibrated granular\n  materials: We investigate both analytically and by numerical simulation the kinetics of\na microscopic model of hard rods adsorbing on a linear substrate, a model which\nis relevant for compaction of granular materials. The computer simulations use\nan event-driven algorithm which is particularly efficient at very long times.\nFor a small, but finite desorption rate, the system reaches an equilibrium\nstate very slowly, and the long-time kinetics display three successive regimes:\nan algebraic one where the density varies as $1/t$, a logarithmic one where the\ndensity varies as $1/\\ln(t)$, followed by a terminal exponential approach. The\ncharacteristic relaxation time of the final regime, though incorrectly\npredicted by a mean field arguments, can be obtained with a systematic\ngap-distribution approach. The density fluctuations at equilibrium are also\ninvestigated, and the associated time-dependent correlation function exhibits a\npower law regime followed by a final exponential decay. Finally, we show that\ndenser particle packings can be obtained by varying the desorption rate during\nthe process.",
        "positive": "Logarithmic finite-size scaling correction to the leading Fisher zeros\n  in the p-state clock model: A higher-order tensor renormalization group study: We investigate the finite-size-scaling (FSS) behavior of the leading Fisher\nzero of the partition function in the complex temperature plane in the\n$p$-state clock models of $p=5$ and $6$. We derive the logarithmic finite-size\ncorrections to the scaling of the leading zeros which we numerically verify by\nperforming the higher-order tensor renormalization group (HOTRG) calculations\nin the square lattices of a size up to $128 \\times 128$ sites. The necessity of\nthe deterministic HOTRG method in the clock models is noted by the extreme\nvulnerability of the numerical leading zero identification against stochastic\nnoises that are hard to be avoided in the Monte-Carlo approaches. We\ncharacterize the system-size dependence of the numerical vulnerability of the\nzero identification by the type of phase transition, suggesting that the two\ntransitions in the clock models are not of an ordinary first- or second-order\ntype. In the direct FSS analysis of the leading zeros in the clock models, we\nfind that their FSS behaviors show excellent agreement with our predictions of\nthe logarithmic corrections to the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless ansatz at\nboth of the high- and low-temperature transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical theory of hierarchical avalanche ensemble: The statistical ensemble of avalanche intensities is considered to\ninvestigate diffusion in ultrametric space of hierarchically subordinated\navalanches. The stationary intensity distribution and the steady-state current\nare obtained. The critical avalanche intensity needed to initiate the global\navalanche formation is calculated depending on noise intensity. The large time\nasymptotic for the probability of the global avalanche appearance is derived.",
        "positive": "Stochastic thermodynamics of rapidly driven systems: We present the stochastic thermodynamics analysis of an open quantum system\nweakly coupled to multiple reservoirs and driven by a rapidly oscillating\nexternal field. The analysis is built on a modified stochastic master equation\nin the Floquet basis. Transition rates are shown to satisfy the local detailed\nbalance involving the entropy flowing out of the reservoirs. The first and\nsecond law of thermodynamics are also identified at the trajectory level.\nMechanical work is identified by means of initial and final projections on\nenergy eigenstates of the system. We explicitly show that this two step\nmeasurement becomes unnecessary in the long time limit. A steady-state\nfluctuation theorem for the currents and rate of mechanical work is also\nestablished. This relation does not require the introduction of a time reversed\nexternal driving which is usually needed when considering systems subjected to\ntime asymmetric external fields. This is understood as a consequence of the\nsecular approximation applied in consistency with the large time scale\nseparation between the fast driving oscillations and the slower relaxation\ndynamics induced by the environment. Our results are finally illustrated on a\nmodel describing a thermodynamic engine."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superdiffusion and Out-of-equilibrium Chaotic Dynamics with Many Degrees\n  of Freedoms: We study the link between relaxation to the equilibrium and anomalous\nsuperdiffusive motion in a classical N-body hamiltonian system with long-range\ninteraction showing a second-order phase-transition in the canonical ensemble.\nAnomalous diffusion is observed only in a transient out-of-equilibrium regime\nand for a small range of energy, below the critical one. Superdiffusion is due\nto L\\'evy walks of single particles and is checked independently through the\nsecond moment of the distribution, power spectra, trapping and walking time\nprobabilities. Diffusion becomes normal at equilibrium, after a relaxation time\nwhich diverges with N.",
        "positive": "Environmental effects on the $x^{4}$ model in Tsallis statistics: The author studied the effects of the environment described by Tsallis\nstatistics in quantum mechanics, when the deviation from Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG)\nstatistics is small. The $x^{4}$ model was used and the squeeze angle caused by\nthe difference between Tsallis and BG statistics was calculated perturbatively\nin the mean field approximation as a function of the dimensionless parameters:\nthe inverse temperature $\\beta_p$ and the coupling strength $\\lambda_p$. The\nauthor found that the effect of the deviation from BG statistics is relatively\nlarge at high temperature. The squeeze angle as a function of $\\beta_p$ has a\ndip structure, and the dip is deeper with the increase of $\\lambda_p$. The\nangle as a function of $\\beta_p$ changes the sign. These facts indicate that\nthe frequency is modulated by the difference between these statistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The transport phenomenon of inertia Brownian particles in a periodic\n  potential with non-Gaussian noise: The transport phenomenon (movement and diffusion) of inertia Brownian\nparticles in a periodic potential with non-Gaussian noise is investigated. It\nis found that proper noise intensity Q will promote particles directional\nmovement(or diffusion), but large Q will inhibit this phenomenon. For large\nvalue of Q, the average velocity V (or the diffusion coefficient D) has a\nmaximum with increasing correlation time tau. But for small value of Q, V (or\nD) decreases with increasing tau. In some cases, for the same value of Q and\nthe same value of tau, non-Gaussian noise can induce particles directional\nmovement(or diffusion), but Gaussian colored noise can not.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo Results for Projected Self-Avoiding Polygons: A\n  Two-dimensional Model for Knotted Polymers: We introduce a two-dimensional lattice model for the description of knotted\npolymer rings. A polymer configuration is modeled by a closed polygon drawn on\nthe square diagonal lattice, with possible crossings describing pairs of\nstrands of polymer passing on top of each other. Each polygon configuration can\nbe viewed as the two- dimensional projection of a particular knot. We study\nnumerically the statistics of large polygons with a fixed knot type, using a\ngeneralization of the BFACF algorithm for self-avoiding walks. This new\nalgorithm incorporates both the displacement of crossings and the three types\nof Reidemeister transformations preserving the knot topology. Its ergodicity\nwithin a fixed knot type is not proven here rigorously but strong arguments in\nfavor of this ergodicity are given together with a tentative sketch of proof.\nAssuming this ergodicity, we obtain numerically the following results for the\nstatistics of knotted polygons: In the limit of a low crossing fugacity, we\nfind a localization along the polygon of all the primary factors forming the\nknot. Increasing the crossing fugacity gives rise to a transition from a\nself-avoiding walk to a branched polymer behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size effects in canonical and grand-canonical quantum Monte Carlo\n  simulations for fermions: We introduce a quantum Monte Carlo method at finite temperature for\ninteracting fermionic models in the canonical ensemble, where the conservation\nof the particle number is enforced. Although general thermodynamic arguments\nensure the equivalence of the canonical and the grand-canonical ensembles in\nthe thermodynamic limit, their approach to the infinite-volume limit is\ndistinctively different. Observables computed in the canonical ensemble\ngenerically display a finite-size correction proportional to the inverse\nvolume, whereas in the grand-canonical ensemble the approach is exponential in\nthe ratio of the linear size over the correlation length. We verify these\npredictions by quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the Hubbard model in one and\ntwo dimensions in the grand-canonical and the canonical ensemble. We prove an\nexact formula for the finite-size part of the free energy density, energy\ndensity and other observables in the canonical ensemble and relate this\ncorrection to a susceptibility computed in the corresponding grand-canonical\nensemble. This result is confirmed by an exact computation of the\none-dimensional classical Ising model in the canonical ensemble, which for\nclassical models corresponds to the so-called fixed-magnetization ensemble. Our\nmethod is useful for simulating finite systems which are not coupled to a\nparticle bath, such as in nuclear or cold atom physics.",
        "positive": "Target competition for resources under diffusive search-and-capture: In this paper we use asymptotic analysis to determine the steady-state mean\nnumber of resources in each of $N$ small interior targets within a\nthree-dimensional bounded domain. The accumulation of resources is based on\nmultiple rounds of search-and-capture events; whenever a searcher finds a\ntarget it delivers a resource packet to the target, after which it escapes and\nreturns to its initial position (resetting after capture). The searcher is then\nresupplied with cargo and a new search process is initiated after a random\ndelay. Assuming that the accumulation of resources is counterbalanced by\ndegradation, one can derive general expressions for the moments of the resource\ndistribution. We use this to show that the mean number of resources in a target\nis proportional to its effective \"shape capacitance.\" We then extend the\nanalysis to the case of diffusive search with stochastic resetting before\ncapture, where the position of the searcher is reset to its initial position at\na random sequence of times that is statistically independent of the ongoing\nsearch process, in contrast to the sequence of resetting times after capture."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Decoherence and Quantum-Classical Master Equation Dynamics: The conditions under which quantum-classical Liouville dynamics may be\nreduced to a master equation are investigated. Systems that can be partitioned\ninto a quantum-classical subsystem interacting with a classical bath are\nconsidered. Starting with an exact non-Markovian equation for the diagonal\nelements of the density matrix, an evolution equation for the subsystem density\nmatrix is derived. One contribution to this equation contains the bath average\nof a memory kernel that accounts for all coherences in the system. It is shown\nto be a rapidly decaying function, motivating a Markovian approximation on this\nterm in the evolution equation. The resulting subsystem density matrix equation\nis still non-Markovian due to the fact that bath degrees of freedom have been\nprojected out of the dynamics. Provided the computation of non-equilibrium\naverage values or correlation functions is considered, the non-Markovian\ncharacter of this equation can be removed by lifting the equation into the full\nphase space of the system. This leads to a trajectory description of the\ndynamics where each fictitious trajectory accounts for decoherence due to the\nbath degrees of freedom. The results are illustrated by computations of the\nrate constant of a model nonadiabatic chemical reaction.",
        "positive": "Scaling dimensions of higher-charge monopoles at deconfined critical\n  points: The classical cubic dimer model has a columnar ordering transition that is\ncontinuous and described by a critical Anderson--Higgs theory containing an\nSU(2)-symmetric complex field minimally coupled to a noncompact U(1) gauge\ntheory. Defects in the dimer constraints correspond to monopoles of the gauge\ntheory, with charge determined by the deviation from unity of the dimer\noccupancy. By introducing such defects into Monte Carlo simulations of the\ndimer model at its critical point, we determine the scaling dimensions $y_2 =\n1.48\\pm0.07$ and $y_3 = 0.20 \\pm 0.03$ for the operators corresponding to\ndefects of charge $q=2$ and $3$ respectively. These results, which constitute\nthe first direct determination of the scaling dimensions, shed light on the\ndeconfined critical point of spin-1/2 quantum antiferromagnets, thought to\nbelong to the same universality class. In particular, the positive value of\n$y_3$ implies that the transition in the JQ model on the honeycomb lattice is\nof first order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions in the steady state behavior of mechanically perturbed\n  spin glasses and ferromagnets: We analyze the steady state regime of systems interpolating between spin\nglasses and ferromagnets under a tapping dynamics recently introduced by\nanalogy with the dynamics of mechanically perturbed granular media. A crossover\nfrom a second order to first order ferromagnetic transition as a function of\nthe spin coupling distribution is found. The flat measure over blocked states\nintroduced by Edwards for granular media is used to explain this scenario.\nAnnealed calculations of the Edwards entropy are shown to qualitatively explain\nthe nature of the phase transitions. A Monte-Carlo construction of the Edwards\nmeasure confirms that this explanation is also quantitatively accurate.",
        "positive": "Scaling for Interfacial Tensions near Critical Endpoints: Parametric scaling representations are obtained and studied for the\nasymptotic behavior of interfacial tensions in the \\textit{full} neighborhood\nof a fluid (or Ising-type) critical endpoint, i.e., as a function \\textit{both}\nof temperature \\textit{and} of density/order parameter \\textit{or} chemical\npotential/ordering field. Accurate \\textit{nonclassical critical exponents} and\nreliable estimates for the \\textit{universal amplitude ratios} are included\nnaturally on the basis of the ``extended de Gennes-Fisher'' local-functional\ntheory. Serious defects in previous scaling treatments are rectified and\ncomplete wetting behavior is represented; however, quantitatively small, but\nunphysical residual nonanalyticities on the wetting side of the critical\nisotherm are smoothed out ``manually.'' Comparisons with the limited available\nobservations are presented elsewhere but the theory invites new, searching\nexperiments and simulations, e.g., for the vapor-liquid interfacial tension on\nthe two sides of the critical endpoint isotherm for which an amplitude ratio\n$-3.25 \\pm 0.05$ is predicted."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality of Energy Equipartition in One-dimensional Lattices: We show that a general one-dimensional (1D) lattice with nonlinear\ninter-particle interactions can always be thermalized for arbitrarily small\nnonlinearity in the thermodynamic limit, thus proving equipartition hypothesis\nin statistical physics for an important class of systems. Particularly, we find\nthat in the lattices of interaction potential $V(x)=x^2/2+\\lambda x^n/n$ with\n$n\\geq4$, there is \\textit{a universal scaling law} for the thermalization time\n$T^{eq}$, i.e., $T^{eq}\\propto\\lambda^{-2}\\epsilon^{-(n-2)}$, where $\\epsilon$\nis the energy density. Numerical simulations confirm that it is accurate for an\neven $n$. A slight correction is needed for an odd $n$, which is due to the\nChirikov overlap occurring in the weakly nonlinear regime between extra\nvibration modes excited by the asymmetry of potential. Based on this scaling\nlaw, as well as previous prediction for the case of $n=3$, a universal formula\nfor the thermalization time for a 1D lattice with a general interaction\npotential is obtained.",
        "positive": "Universal features of the order-parameter fluctuations : reversible and\n  irreversible aggregation: We discuss the universal scaling laws of order parameter fluctuations in any\nsystem in which the second-order critical behaviour can be identified. These\nscaling laws can be derived rigorously for equilibrium systems when combined\nwith the finite-size scaling analysis. The relation between order parameter,\ncriticality and scaling law of fluctuations has been established and the\nconnexion between the scaling function and the critical exponents has been\nfound. We give examples in out-of-equilibrium aggregation models such as the\nSmoluchowski kinetic equations, or of at-equilibrium Ising and percolation\nmodels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Physics of Large Deviation: A large deviation function mathematically characterizes the statistical\nproperty of atypical events. Recently, in non-equilibrium statistical\nmechanics, large deviation functions have been used to describe universal laws\nsuch as the fluctuation theorem. Despite such significance, large deviation\nfunctions have not been easily obtained in laboratory experiments. Thus, in\norder to understand the physical significance of large deviation functions, it\nis necessary to consider their experimental measurability in greater detail.\nThis aspect of large deviation is discussed with the presentation of a future\nproblem.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of a homogeneous active dumbbell system: We analyse the dynamics of a two dimensional system of interacting active\ndumbbells. We characterise the mean-square displacement, linear response\nfunction and deviation from the equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation theorem as\na function of activity strength, packing fraction and temperature for\nparameters such that the system is in its homogeneous phase. While the\ndiffusion constant in the last diffusive regime naturally increases with\nactivity and decreases with packing fraction, we exhibit an intriguing\nnon-monotonic dependence on the activity of the ratio between the finite\ndensity and the single particle diffusion constants. At fixed packing fraction,\nthe time-integrated linear response function depends non-monotonically on\nactivity strength. The effective temperature extracted from the ratio between\nthe integrated linear response and the mean-square displacement in the last\ndiffusive regime is always higher than the ambient temperature, increases with\nincreasing activity and, for small active force it monotonically increases with\ndensity while for sufficiently high activity it first increases to next\ndecrease with the packing fraction. We ascribe this peculiar effect to the\nexistence of finite-size clusters for sufficiently high activity and density at\nthe fixed (low) temperatures at which we worked. The crossover occurs at lower\nactivity or density the lower the external temperature. The finite density\neffective temperature is higher (lower) than the single dumbbell one below\n(above) a cross-over value of the Peclet number."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Landau Theory for Non-Equilibrium Steady States: We examine how systems in non-equilibrium steady states close to a continuous\nphase transition can still be described by a Landau potential if one forgoes\nthe assumption of analyticity. In a system simultaneously coupled to several\nbaths at different temperatures, the non-analytic potential arises from the\ndifferent density of states of the baths. In periodically driven-dissipative\nsystems, the role of multiple baths is played by a single bath transferring\nenergy at different harmonics of the driving frequency. The mean-field critical\nexponents become dependent on the low-energy features of the two most singular\nbaths. We propose an extension beyond mean field.",
        "positive": "Kondo effect in a fermionic hierarchical model: In this paper, a fermionic hierarchical model is defined, inspired by the\nKondo model, which describes a 1-dimensional lattice gas of spin-1/2 electrons\ninteracting with a spin-1/2 impurity. This model is proved to be exactly\nsolvable, and is shown to exhibit a Kondo effect, i.e. that, if the interaction\nbetween the impurity and the electrons is antiferromagnetic, then the magnetic\nsusceptibility of the impurity is finite in the 0-temperature limit, whereas it\ndiverges if the interaction is ferromagnetic. Such an effect is therefore\ninherently non-perturbative. This difficulty is overcome by using the exact\nsolvability of the model, which follows both from its fermionic and\nhierarchical nature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the factorization of composite polymer knots into separated prime\n  components: Using Monte Carlo simulations and advanced knot localization methods, we\nanalyze the length and distribution of prime components in composite knots tied\non Freely Jointed Rings (FJRs). For increasing contour length, we observe the\nprogressive factorization of composite knots into separated prime components.\nHowever, we observe that a complete factorization, equivalent to the \"decorated\nring\" picture, is not obtained even for rings of contour lengths $N\\simeq\n3N_0$, about tens of times the most probable length of the prime knots tied on\nthe rings. The decorated ring hypothesis has been used in literature to justify\nthe factorization of composite knots probabilities into the knotting\nprobabilities of their prime components. Following our results, we suggest that\nsuch hypothesis may not be necessary to explain the factorization of the\nknotting probabilities, at least when polymers excluded volume is not relevant.\nWe rationalize the behavior of the system through a simple one dimensional\nmodel in which prime knots are replaced by sliplinks randomly placed on a\ncircle, with the only constraint that the length of the loops has the same\ndistribution of the length of the corresponding prime knots.",
        "positive": "Brownian motion approach to anomalous rotation of galaxies: It has been shown that the weak-interacting limit of the\nmetric-skew-tensor-gravity (MSTG) can explain the anomalous rotation of\ngalaxies without non-baryonic dark matter. We show that MSTG is related to the\nequilibrium-state of ordinary Brownian motion. We also explore if other\nstochastic processes can model anomalous rotation. Furthermore, we analyze\nphase-diagrams that elucidate the condensation of a gravitating cloud towards a\nKepler-Newton system and illustrate regions of existence of rotating objects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations and stability in front propagation: Propagating fronts arising from bistable reaction-diffusion equations are a\npurely deterministic effect. Stochastic reaction-diffusion processes also show\nfront propagation which coincides with the deterministic effect in the limit of\nsmall fluctuations (usually, large populations). However, for larger\nfluctuations propagation can be affected. We give an example, based on the\nclassic spruce-budworm model, where the direction of wave propagation, i.e.,\nthe relative stability of two phases, can be reversed by fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Boundary correlation function of fixed-to-free bcc operators in\n  square-lattice Ising model: We calculate the boundary correlation function of fixed-to-free boundary\ncondition changing operators in the square-lattice Ising model. The correlation\nfunction is expressed in four different ways using $2\\times2$ block Toeplitz\ndeterminants. We show that these can be transformed into a scalar Toeplitz\ndeterminant when the size of the matrix is even. To know the asymptotic\nbehavior of the correlation function at large distance we calculate the\nasymptotic behavior of this scalar Toeplitz determinant using the Szeg\\\"o's\ntheorem and the Fisher-Hartwig theorem. At the critical temperature we confirm\nthe power-law behavior of the correlation function predicted by conformal field\ntheory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superstatistics as the statistics of quasi-equilibrium states:\n  Application to fully developed turbulence: In non-equilibrium states, currents are produced by irreversible processes\nthat take a system toward the equilibrium state, where the current vanishes. We\ndemonstrate, in a general setting, that a superstatistics arises when the\nsystem relaxes to a (stationary) quasi-equilibrium state instead, where only\nthe \\textit{mean} current vanishes because of fluctuations. In particular, we\nshow that a current with Gaussian white noise takes the system to a unique\nclass of quasi-equilibrium states, where the superstatistics coincides with\nTsallis escort $q$-distributions. Considering the fully developed turbulence as\nan example of such quasi-equilibrium states, we analytically deduce the\npower-law spectrum of the velocity structure functions, yielding a correction\nto the log-normal model which removes its shortcomings with regard to the\ndecreasing higher order moments and the Novikov inequality, and obtain\nexponents that agree well with the experimental data.",
        "positive": "Tempo and Mode of Evolution in the Tangled Nature Model: We study the Tangled Nature model of macro evolution and demonstrate that the\nco-evolutionary dynamics produces an increasingly correlated core of well\noccupied types. At the same time the entire configuration of types becomes\nincreasing de-correlated. This finding is related to ecosystem evolution. The\nsystems level dynamics of the model is subordinated to intermittent transitions\nbetween meta-stable states. We improve on previous studies of the statistics of\nthe transition times and show that the fluctuations in the offspring\nprobability decreases with number of transitions. The longtime adaptation, as\nseen by an increasing population size is demonstrated to be related to the\nconvexity of the offspring probability. We explain how the models behaviour is\na mathematical reflection of Darwin's concept of adaptation of profitable\nvariations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of Topological Defects in the noisy Kuramoto Model in two\n  dimensions: We consider the two-dimensional (2D) noisy Kuramoto model of synchronization\nwith short-range coupling and a Gaussian distribution of intrinsic frequencies,\nand investigate its ordering dynamics following a quench. We consider both\nunderdamped (inertial) and over-damped dynamics, and show that the long-term\nproperties of this intrinsically out-of-equilibrium system do not depend on the\ninertia of individual oscillators. The model does not exhibit any phase\ntransition as its correlation length remains finite, scaling as the inverse of\nthe standard deviation of the distribution of intrinsic frequencies. The quench\ndynamics proceeds via domain growth, with a characteristic length that\ninitially follows the growth law of the 2D XY model, although is not given by\nthe mean separation between defects. Topological defects are generically free,\nbreaking the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless scenario of the 2D XY model.\nVortices perform a random walk reminiscent of the self-avoiding random walk,\nadvected by the dynamic network of boundaries between synchronised domains;\nfeaturing long-time super-diffusion, with the anomalous exponent $\\alpha=3/2$.",
        "positive": "Saddle index properties, singular topology, and its relation to\n  thermodynamical singularities for a phi^4 mean field model: We investigate the potential energy surface of a phi^4 model with infinite\nrange interactions. All stationary points can be uniquely characterized by\nthree real numbers $\\alpha_+, alpha_0, alpha_- with alpha_+ + alpha_0 + alpha_-\n= 1, provided that the interaction strength mu is smaller than a critical\nvalue. The saddle index n_s is equal to alpha_0 and its distribution function\nhas a maximum at n_s^max = 1/3. The density p(e) of stationary points with\nenergy per particle e, as well as the Euler characteristic chi(e), are singular\nat a critical energy e_c(mu), if the external field H is zero. However, e_c(mu)\n\\neq upsilon_c(mu), where upsilon_c(mu) is the mean potential energy per\nparticle at the thermodynamic phase transition point T_c. This proves that\nprevious claims that the topological and thermodynamic transition points\ncoincide is not valid, in general. Both types of singularities disappear for H\n\\neq 0. The average saddle index bar{n}_s as function of e decreases\nmonotonically with e and vanishes at the ground state energy, only. In\ncontrast, the saddle index n_s as function of the average energy bar{e}(n_s) is\ngiven by n_s(bar{e}) = 1+4bar{e} (for H=0) that vanishes at bar{e} = -1/4 >\nupsilon_0, the ground state energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Square water as a solvent: Monte Carlo simulations: Square water takes into account the directionality of hydrogen bonds. The\nmodel is reviewed and its properties as a solvent for apolar particles are\nstudied through Monte Carlo simulations. Specific heat measurements are used to\nidentify phase separation. Data for comparison with the lattice gas on the\nsquare lattice are presented and the relation to non-associating solvents is\ndiscussed. Data for the frequency of hydrogen bonds as a function of\ntemperature indicate a slower rate of bond breaking for the hydration shell as\ncompared to bulk water particles.",
        "positive": "Strong Soret effect in one dimension: We consider a one-dimensional gas of two kinds of particles with different\nmasses interacting through short range interactions. The system exhibits an\nextreme form of the Soret effect: when the ends of the system are in contact\nwith thermal baths of different temperatures, there is complete separation of\nthe species. We show how this separation can be well described in the Boltzmann\napproximation and discuss the origin of this odd behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hierarchical classical metastability in an open quantum East model: We study in detail an open quantum generalisation of a classical kinetically\nconstrained model -- the East model -- known to exhibit slow glassy dynamics\nstemming from a complex hierarchy of metastable states with distinct lifetimes.\nUsing the recently introduced theory of classical metastability for open\nquantum systems, we show that the driven open quantum East model features a\nhierarchy of classical metastabilities at low temperature and weak driving\nfield. We find that the effective long-time description of its dynamics is not\nonly classical, but shares many properties with the classical East model, such\nas obeying an effective detailed balance condition, and lacking static\ninteractions between excitations, but with this occurring within a modified set\nof metastable phases which are coherent, and with an effective temperature that\nis dependent on the coherent drive.",
        "positive": "A quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for softcore boson systems: An efficient Quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for the simulation of bosonic\nsystems on a lattice in a grand canonical ensemble is proposed. It is based on\nthe mapping of bosonic models to the spin models in the limit of the infinite\ntotal spin quantum number. It is demonstrated, how this limit may be taken\nexplicitly in the algorithm, eliminating the systematic errors. The efficiency\nof the algorithm is examined for the non-interacting lattice boson model and\ncompared with the stochastic series expansion method with the heat-bath type\nscattering probability of the random walker."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computing diffusivities from particle models out of equilibrium: A new method is proposed to numerically extract the diffusivity of a\n(typically nonlinear) diffusion equation from underlying stochastic particle\nsystems. The proposed strategy requires the system to be in local equilibrium\nand have Gaussian fluctuations but is otherwise allowed to undergo arbitrary\nout of equilibrium evolutions. This could be potentially relevant for particle\ndata obtained from experimental applications. The key idea underlying the\nmethod is that finite, yet large, particle systems formally obey stochastic\npartial differential equations of gradient flow type satisfying a\nfluctuation-dissipation relation. The strategy is here applied to three classic\nparticle models, namely independent random walkers, a zero range process and a\nsymmetric simple exclusion process in one space dimension, to allow the\ncomparison with analytic solutions.",
        "positive": "Pattern formation in a two-component reaction-diffusion system with\n  delayed processes on a network: Reaction-diffusion systems with time-delay defined on complex networks have\nbeen studied in the framework of the emergence of Turing instabilities. The use\nof the Lambert W-function allowed us get explicit analytic conditions for the\nonset of patterns as a function of the main involved parameters, the\ntime-delay, the network topology and the diffusion coefficients. Depending on\nthese parameters, the analysis predicts whether the system will evolve towards\na stationary Turing pattern or rather to a wave pattern associated to a Hopf\nbifurcation. The possible outcomes of the linear analysis overcome the\nrespective limitations of the single-species case with delay, and that of the\nclassical activator-inhibitor variant without delay. Numerical results gained\nfrom the Mimura-Murray model support the theoretical approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Critical Ising Model on a M\u00f6bius Strip: We study the two-dimensional critical Ising model on a M\\\"obius strip based\non a duality relation between conformally invariant boundary conditions. By\nusing a Majorana fermion field theory, we obtain explicit representations of\ncrosscap states corresponding to the boundary states. We also discuss the\nduality structure of the partition functions.",
        "positive": "Field Theory of Critical Behaviour in Driven Diffusive Systems with\n  Quenched Disorder: We present a field theoretic renormalization group study for the critical\nbehaviour of a uniformly driven diffusive system with quenched disorder, which\nis modelled by different kinds of potential barriers between sites. Due to\ntheir symmetry properties, these different realizations of the random potential\nbarriers lead to three different models for the phase transition to transverse\norder and to one model for the phase transition to longitudinal order all\nbelonging to distinct universality classes. In these four models that have\ndifferent upper critical dimensions d_{c} we find the critical scaling\nbehaviour of the vertex functions in spatial dimensions d < d_{c} . Its\ndeviation from purely diffusive behaviour is characterized by the\nanomaly-exponent \\eta that we calculate at first and second order, respectively\nin $\\epsilon = d_{c} -d$. In each model \\eta turns out to be positive which\nmeans superdiffusive spread of density fluctuations in the driving force\ndirection."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Iterated star-triangle transformation on inhomogeneous 2D Ising lattices: We consider infinite or periodic 2D triangular Ising lattices with arbitrary\npositive or negative nearest-neighbor couplings $K_i(\\vec{r})$, where $\\vec{r}$\nand $i$ indicate the bond position and orientation, respectively. Iterative\napplication of the star-triangle transformation to an initial lattice\n$\\mathcal{T}(0)$ with a set of couplings $\\{K_i^{(0)}(\\vec{r})\\}$ generates a\nsequence of lattices $\\mathcal{T}(n)$, for $n=1,2,\\ldots,$ with couplings\n$\\{K_i^{(n)}(\\vec{r})\\}$. When $\\mathcal{T}(0)$ includes sufficiently strongly\nfrustrated plaquettes, complex couplings will appear. We show that,\nnevertheless, the variables $1/\\sinh 2K_i^{(n)}\\!(\\vec{r})$ remain confined to\nthe union ${\\mathbb{R}} \\cup \\rm{i}{\\mathbb{R}}$ of the real and the imaginary\naxis. The same holds for a lattice with free boundaries, provided we\ndistinguish between \"receding\" and \"advancing\" boundaries, the latter having\ndegrees of freedom that must be fixed by an appropriately chosen protocol. This\nstudy establishes a framework for future analytic and numerical work on such\nfrustrated Ising lattices.",
        "positive": "Analytically solvable model of a driven system with quenched dichotomous\n  disorder: We perform a time-dependent study of the driven dynamics of overdamped\nparticles which are placed in a one-dimensional, piecewise linear random\npotential. This set-up of spatially quenched disorder then exerts a dichotomous\nvarying random force on the particles. We derive the path integral\nrepresentation of the resulting probability density function for the position\nof the particles and transform this quantity of interest into the form of a\nFourier integral. In doing so, the evolution of the probability density can be\ninvestigated analytically for finite times. It is demonstrated that the\nprobability density contains both a $\\delta$-singular contribution and a\nregular part. While the former part plays a dominant role at short times, the\nlatter rules the behavior at large evolution times. The slow approach of the\nprobability density to a limiting Gaussian form as time tends to infinity is\nelucidated in detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Markovian approximation in foreign exchange markets: In this paper we test the random walk hypothesis on the high frequency\ndataset of the bid--ask Deutschemark/US dollar exchange rate quotes registered\nby the inter-bank Reuters network over the period October 1, 1992 to September\n30, 1993. Then we propose a stochastic model for price variation which is able\nto describe some important features of the exchange market behavior. Besides\nthe usual correlation analysis we have verified the validity of this model by\nmeans of other approaches inspired by information theory . These techniques are\nnot only severe tests of the approximation but also evidence some aspects of\nthe data series which have a clear financial relevance.",
        "positive": "Jarzynski equation for a simple quantum system: Comparing two\n  definitions of work: The validity of the Jarzynski equation for a very simple, exactly solvable\nquantum system is analyzed. The implications of two different definitions of\nwork proposed in the literature are investigated. The first one derives from\nmeasurements of the system energy at the beginning and at the end of the\nprocess under consideration making the work a classical stochastic variable\nwith transition probabilities derived from quantum mechanics. In the second\ndefinition an operator of work is introduced and the average in the Jarzynski\nequation is a quantum expectation value. For the first definition a general\nquantum mechanical version of the Jarzynski equation is known to hold. For the\nsecond one the Jarzynski equation fails to yield the free energy difference at\nlow temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Directed Polymers and Interfaces in Disordered Media: We consider field theory formulation for directed polymers and interfaces in\nthe presence of quenched disorder. We write a series representation for the\naveraged free energy, where all the integer moments of the partition function\nof the model contribute. The structure of field space is analysed for polymers\nand interfaces at finite temperature using the saddle-point equations derived\nfrom each integer moments of the partition function. For the case of an\ninterface we obtain the wandering exponent $\\xi= (4-d)/2$, also obtained by the\nconventional replica method for the replica symmetric scenario.",
        "positive": "The transverse field XY model on the diamond chain: We consider the $s=1/2$ transverse field $XY$ model on the frustrated diamond\nchain, considering anisotropic exchange parameters between nearest-neighbor\nspins. To this end, we employ three different methodologies: mean-field\napproximations, and state-of-the-art exact diagonalizations (ED), and density\nmatrix renormalization group (DMRG) simulations. Within a mean-field theory,\nthe Hamiltonian is fermionized by introducing the Jordan-Wigner transformation,\nand the interacting (many-body) terms are approximated to single-particle ones\nby a Hartree-Fock approach. We analyze the behavior of the induced and\nspontaneous magnetization as functions of the external field, investigating the\nmagnetic properties at the ground state, and at finite temperatures.\nInterestingly, the mean-field results are in reasonable agreement with the ED\nand DMRG ones, in particular for the distorted chain, or at an\nintermediate/large spin anisotropy parameter. As our key results, we present\nphase diagrams anisotropy $\\times$ magnetic field at zero temperature,\ndiscussing the emergence of phases and their quantum critical points. Finally,\nour analysis at finite temperature provides a range of parameters in which an\nunusual behavior of the induced magnetization occurs -- with it increasing as a\nfunction of temperature. This work presents a \\textit{global} picture of the XY\nmodel on the diamond chain, which may be useful to understand features of\nmagnetism in more complex geometries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Concentration Gradient, Diffusion, and Flow Through Open Porous Medium\n  Near Percolation Threshold via Computer Simulations: The interacting lattice gas model is used to simulate fluid flow through an\nopen percolating porous medium with the fluid entering at the source-end and\nleaving from the opposite end. The shape of the steady-state concentration\nprofile and therefore the gradient field depends on the is found to scale with\nthe porosity according to porosity p. The root mean square (rms) displacements\nof fluid and its constituents (tracers) show a drift power-law behavior, in the\nasymptotic regime. The flux current density is found to scale with the porosity\naccording to an exponent near 1.7.",
        "positive": "The Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Small Systems: The interactions of tiny objects with their environment are dominated by\nthermal fluctuations. Guided by theory and assisted by micromanipulation tools,\nscientists have begun to study such interactions in detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Replica Field Theory for a Generalized Franz--Parisi Potential of\n  Inhomogeneous Glassy Systems: New Closure and the Associated Self-Consistent\n  Equation: On approaching the dynamical transition temperature, supercooled liquids show\nheterogeneity over space and time. Static replica theory investigates the\ndynamical crossover in terms of the free energy landscape (FEL). Two kinds of\nstatic approaches have provided a self-consistent equation for determining this\ncrossover, similar to the mode coupling theory for glassy dynamics. One uses\nthe Morita-Hiroike formalism of the liquid state theory, whereas the other\nrelies on the density functional theory (DFT). Each of the two approaches has\nadvantages in terms of perturbative field theory. Here, we develop a replica\nfield theory that has the benefits from both formulations. We introduce the\ngeneralized Franz-Parisi potential to formulate a correlation functional.\nConsidering fluctuations around an inhomogeneous density determined by the\nRamakrishnan--Yussouf DFT, we find a new closure as the stability condition of\nthe correlation functional. The closure leads to the self-consistent equation\ninvolving the triplet direct correlation function. The present field theory\nfurther helps us study the FEL beyond the mean-field approximation.",
        "positive": "Width and extremal height distributions of fluctuating interfaces with\n  window boundary conditions: We present a detailed study of squared local roughness (SLRDs) and local\nextremal height distributions (LEHDs), calculated in windows of lateral size\n$l$, for interfaces in several universality classes, in substrate dimensions\n$d_s = 1$ and $d_s = 2$. We show that their cumulants follow a Family-Vicsek\ntype scaling, and, at early times, when $\\xi \\ll l$ ($\\xi$ is the correlation\nlength), the rescaled SLRDs are given by log-normal distributions, with their\n$n$th cumulant scaling as $(\\xi/l)^{(n-1)d_s}$. This give rise to an\ninteresting temporal scaling for such cumulants $\\left\\langle w_n\n\\right\\rangle_c \\sim t^{\\gamma_n}$, with $\\gamma_n = 2 n \\beta + {(n-1)d_s}/{z}\n= \\left[ 2 n + {(n-1)d_s}/{\\alpha} \\right] \\beta$. This scaling is analytically\nproved for the Edwards-Wilkinson (EW) and Random Deposition interfaces, and\nnumerically confirmed for other classes. In general, it is featured by small\ncorrections and, thus, it yields exponents $\\gamma_n$'s (and, consequently,\n$\\alpha$, $\\beta$ and $z$) in nice agreement with their respective universality\nclass. Thus, it is an useful framework for numerical and experimental\ninvestigations, where it is, usually, hard to estimate the dynamic $z$ and\nmainly the (global) roughness $\\alpha$ exponents. The stationary (for $\\xi \\gg\nl$) SLRDs and LEHDs of Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) class are also investigated\nand, for some models, strong finite-size corrections are found. However, we\ndemonstrate that good evidences of their universality can be obtained through\nsuccessive extrapolations of their cumulant ratios for long times and large\n$l$'s. We also show that SLRDs and LEHDs are the same for flat and curved KPZ\ninterfaces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Biorthonormal Matrix-Product-State Analysis for Non-Hermitian\n  Transfer-Matrix Renormalization-Group in the Thermodynamic Limit: We give a thorough Biorthonormal Matrix-Product-State (BMPS) analysis of the\nTransfer-Matrix Renormalization-Group (TMRG) for non-Hermitian matrices in the\nthermodynamic limit. The BMPS is built on a dual series of reduced\nbiorthonormal bases for the left and right Perron states of a non-Hermitian\nmatrix. We propose two alternative infinite-size Biorthonormal TMRG (iBTMRG)\nalgorithms and compare their numerical performance in both finite and infinite\nsystems. We show that both iBTMRGs produce a dual infinite-BMPS (iBMPS) which\nare translationally invariant in the thermodynamic limit. We also develop an\nefficient wave function transformation of the iBTMRG, an analogy of McCulloch\nin the infinite-DMRG [arXiv:0804.2509 (2008)], to predict the wave function as\nthe lattice size is increased. The resulting iBMPS allows for probing bulk\nproperties of the system in the thermodynamic limit without boundary effects\nand allows for reducing the computational cost to be independent of the lattice\nsize, which are illustrated by calculating the magnetization as a function of\nthe temperature and the critical spin-spin correlation in the thermodynamic\nlimit for a 2D classical Ising model.",
        "positive": "The Pfaffian solution of a dimer-monomer problem: Single monomer on the\n  boundary: We consider the dimer-monomer problem for the rectangular lattice. By mapping\nthe problem into one of close-packed dimers on an extended lattice, we rederive\nthe Tzeng-Wu solution for a single monomer on the boundary by evaluating a\nPfaffian. We also clarify the mathematical content of the Tzeng-Wu solution by\nidentifying it as the product of the nonzero eigenvalues of the Kasteleyn\nmatrix."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat fluctuations in Ising models coupled with two different heat baths: Monte Carlo simulations of Ising models coupled to heat baths at two\ndifferent temperatures are used to study a fluctuation relation for the heat\nexchanged between the two thermostats in a time $\\tau$. Different kinetics\n(single--spin--flip or spin--exchange Kawasaki dynamics), transition rates\n(Glauber or Metropolis), and couplings between the system and the thermostats\nhave been considered. In every case the fluctuation relation is verified in the\nlarge $\\tau $ limit, both in the disordered and in the low temperature phase.\nFinite-$\\tau$ corrections are shown to obey a scaling behavior.",
        "positive": "Transport in a chain of asymmetric cavities: Effects of the\n  concentration with hard-core interaction: We studied the transport process of overdamped Brownian particles, in a chain\nof asymmetric cavities, interacting through a hard-core potential. When a force\nis applied in opposite directions a difference in the drift velocity of the\nparticles inside the cavity can be observed. Previous works on similar systems\ndeal with the low concentration regime, in which the interaction is irrelevant.\nIn this case it was found that large particles show a stronger asymmetry in the\ndrift velocity when a small force is applied, allowing for the separation of\ndifferent size particles (Reguera et al., Phys. Rev. Lett 108, 020604, 2012).\nWe found that when the interaction between particles is considered, the\nbehavior of the system is substantially different. For example, as\nconcentration is increased, the small particles are the ones that show a\nstronger asymmetry. For the case where all the particles in the system are of\nthe same size we took advantage of the particle-vacancy analogy to predict that\nthe left and right currents are almost equal in a region around the\nconcentration 0.5 despite the asymmetry of the cavity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin domains in ground state spinor Bose-Einstein condensates: Bose-Einstein condensates of dilute atomic gases, characterized by a\nmacroscopic population of the quantum mechanical ground state, are a new,\nweakly interacting quantum fluid. In most experiments condensates in a single\nweak field seeking state are magnetically trapped. These condensates can be\ndescribed by a scalar order parameter similar to the spinless superfluid 4He.\nEven though alkali atoms have angular momentum, the spin orientation is not a\ndegree of freedom because spin flips lead to untrapped states and are therefore\na loss process. In contrast, the recently realized optical trap for sodium\ncondensates confines atoms independently of their spin orientation. This opens\nthe possibility to study spinor condensates which represent a system with a\nvector order parameter instead of a scalar. Here we report a study of the\nequilibrium state of spinor condensates in an optical trap. The freedom of spin\norientation leads to the formation of spin domains in an external magnetic\nfield. The structure of these domains are illustrated in spin domain diagrams.\nCombinations of both miscible and immiscible spin components were realized.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Fluctuation theorem for hidden entropy production\": Recently, Kawaguchi and Nakayama (KN) [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 88}, 022147 (2013)]\nshowed that the hidden entropy production associated with a coarse-graining\nprocedure obeys the integral fluctuation theorem (IFT) if the original process\ndoes not involve any odd-parity variable that changes its sign under time\nreversal. This was interpreted as the evidence that odd-parity variables play\nan important role in the derivation of irreversible stochastic dynamics from\ntime-reversible deterministic dynamics. In this Comment, we show that KN's\napproach is inadequate for describing the origin of irreversible stochastic\ndynamics, which calls into question whether odd-parity variables are required\nfor the emergence of macroscopic irreversibility."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vibrational mechanics in an optical lattice: controlling transport via\n  potential renormalization: We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the phenomenon of vibrational\nresonance in a periodic potential, using cold atoms in an optical lattice as a\nmodel system. A high-frequency (HF) drive, with frequency much larger than any\ncharacteristic frequency of the system, is applied by phase-modulating one of\nthe lattice beams. We show that the HF drive leads to the renormalization of\nthe potential. We used transport measurements as a probe of the potential\nrenormalization. The very same experiments also demonstrate that transport can\nbe controlled by the HF drive via potential renormalization.",
        "positive": "Application of detrended fluctuation analysis to monthly average of the\n  maximum daily temperatures to resolve different climates: Detrended fluctuation analysis is used to investigate correlations between\nthe monthly average of the maximum daily temperatures for different locations\nin the continental US and the different climates these locations have. When we\nplot the scaling exponents obtained from the detrended fluctuation analysis\nversus the standard deviation of the temperature fluctuations we observe\ncrowding of data points belonging to the same climates. Thus, we conclude that\nby observing the long-time trends in the fluctuations of temperature it would\nbe possible to distinguish between different climates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytical study of non Gaussian fluctuations in a stochastic scheme of\n  autocatalytic reactions: A stochastic model of autocatalytic chemical reactions is studied both\nnumerically and analytically. The van Kampen perturbative scheme is\nimplemented, beyond the second order approximation, so to capture the non\nGaussianity traits as displayed by the simulations. The method is targeted to\nthe characterization of the third moments of the distribution of fluctuations,\noriginating from a system of four populations in mutual interaction. The theory\npredictions agree well with the simulations, pointing to the validity of the\nvan Kampen expansion beyond the conventional Gaussian solution.",
        "positive": "Inference of hopping rates of anisotropic random walk on a 2D lattice\n  via covariance-based estimators of diffusion parameters: Traditionally, time-development of the mean square displacement has been\nemployed to determine the diffusion coefficient from the trajectories of single\nparticles. However, this approach is sensitive to the noise and the motion blur\nupon image acquisition. Recently, Vestergaard et al. has proposed a novel\nmethod based on the covariance between the shifted displacement series. This\napproach gives a more robust estimator of the diffusion coefficient of\none-dimensional diffusion without bias, i.e., when mean velocity is zero. Here,\nwe extend this approach to a potentially biased random walk on a\ntwo-dimensional lattice. First, we describe the relationship between the\nhopping rates to the eight adjacent sites and the time development of the\nhigher-order moments of the stochastic two-dimensional displacements. Then, we\nderive the covariance-based estimators for these higher-order moments.\nNumerical simulations confirmed that the procedure presented here allows\ninference of the stochastic hopping rates from two-dimensional trajectory data\nwith location error and motion blur."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "About the fastest growth of Order Parameter in Models of Percolation: Can there be a `Litmus test' for determining the nature of transition in\nmodels of percolation? In this paper we argue that the answer is in the\naffirmative. All one needs to do is to measure the `growth exponent' $\\chi$ of\nthe largest component at the percolation threshold; $\\chi < 1$ or $\\chi = 1$\ndetermines if the transition is continuous or discontinuous. We show that a\nrelated exponent $\\eta = 1 - \\chi$ which describes how the average maximal jump\nsizes in the Order Parameter decays on increasing the system size, is the\nsingle exponent that describes the finite-size scaling of a number of\ndistributions related to the fastest growth of the Order Parameter in these\nproblems. Excellent quality scaling analysis are presented for the two single\npeak distributions corresponding to the Order Parameters at the two ends of the\nmaximal jump, the bimodal distribution constructed by interpolation of these\ndistributions and for the distribution of the maximal jump in the Order\nParameter.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Heterogeneities Below the Glass Transition: We present molecular dynamics simulations of a binary Lennard-Jones mixture\nat temperatures below the kinetic glass transition. The ``mobility'' of a\nparticle is characterized by the amplitude of its fluctuation around its\naverage position. The 5% particles with the largest/smallest mean amplitude are\nthus defined as the relatively most mobile/immobile particles. We investigate\nfor these 5% particles their spatial distribution and find them to be\ndistributed very heterogeneously in that mobile as well as immobile particles\nform clusters. The reason for this dynamic heterogeneity is traced back to the\nfact that mobile/immobile particles are surrounded by fewer/more neighbors\nwhich form an effectively wider/narrower cage. The dependence of our results on\nthe length of the simulation run indicates that individual particles have a\ncharacteristic mobility time scale, which can be approximated via the\nnon-Gaussian parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal least-squares estimators of the diffusion constant from a single\n  Brownian trajectory: Modern developments in microscopy and image processing are revolutionising\nareas of physics, chemistry, and biology as nanoscale objects can be tracked\nwith unprecedented accuracy. However, the price paid for having a direct\nvisualisation of a single particle trajectory with high temporal and spatial\nresolution is a consequent lack of statistics. This naturally calls for\nreliable analytical tools which will allow one to extract the properties\nspecific to a statistical ensemble from just a single trajectory. In this\narticle we briefly survey different analytical methods currently used to\ndetermine the ensemble average diffusion coefficient from single particle data\nand then focus specifically on weighted least-squares estimators, seeking the\nweight functions for which such estimators are ergodic. Finally, we address the\nquestion of the effects of disorder on such estimators.",
        "positive": "Stationary definition of persistence for finite temperature phase\n  ordering: For the two dimensional kinetic Ising model at finite temperature, the local\nmean magnetisation $M_t=t^{-1}\\int_{0}^t\\sigma(t')\\d t'$, simply related to the\nfraction of time spent by a given spin in the positive direction, has a\nlimiting distribution, singular at $\\pm m_0(T)$, the Onsager spontaneous\nmagnetization. The exponent of this singularity defines the persistence\nexponent $\\theta$. We also study first passage exponents associated to\npersistent large deviations of $M_t$, and their temperature dependence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modern architecture of random graphs: Constructions and correlations: 1. Basic constructions. 2. Equilibrium and nonequilibrium networks. 3.\nEquilibrium uncorrelated networks. 4. Nonequilibrium nongrowing scale-free\nnets. 5. Types of correlations. 6. When pair correlations are important. 7.\nWhen loops are important. 8. Pair degree-degree correlations in growing\nnetworks. 9. How to construct an equilibrium net with given degree-degree\ncorrelations. 10. How to construct a growing scale-free net with a given\nclustering (towards a real-space renormalization group for networks).",
        "positive": "Sociophysics Simulations: Reviews models of Bonabeau et al and Sznajd et al"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unveiling the ZGB model with $CO$ desorption: a single model with two\n  universality classes?: We study the behavior of the phase transitions of the Ziff-Gullari-Barshad\n(ZGB) model when the $CO$ molecules are adsorbed on the catalytic surface with\na rate $y$ and desorbed from the surface with a rate $k$. We employ large-scale\nnonequilibrium Monte Carlo simulations along with an optimization technique\nbased on the coefficient of determination, in order to obtain an overview of\nthe phase transitions of the model in the whole spectrum of $y$ and $k$:\n($0\\leq y\\leq 1$ and $0\\leq k\\leq 1$) with precision $\\Delta y=\\Delta k=0.001$.\nSucessive refinements reveal a region of points belonging to the directed\npercolation universality class whereas the exponents $\\theta $ and $\\beta\n/\\nu_{\\parallel }$ obtained agree with those of this universality class. On the\nother hand, the effects of allowing the $CO$ desorption from the lattice on the\ndiscontinuous phase transition point of the original ZGB model suggest the\nemergence of an Ising-like point previously predicted in Ref. \\cite{tome1993}.\nWe show that such a point appears after a sequence of two lines of\npseudo-critical points which leads to a unique peak of the coefficient of\ndetermination curve in $y_{c}=0.554$ and $k_{c}=0.064$. In this point, the\nexponent $\\theta $ agrees with the value found for Ising model.",
        "positive": "Conversion of stable crystals to metastable crystals in a solution by\n  periodic change of temperature: Using a Becker-D\\\"oring type model including cluster incorporation, we study\nthe possibility of conversion of stable crystals to metastable crystals in a\nsolution by a periodic change of temperature. At low temperature, both stable\nand metastable crystals grow by coalescence with abundant clusters. At high\ntemperature, a large amount of small clusters produced by the dissolution of\ncrystals inhibits the dissolution of crystals, and the imbalance in the amount\nof crystals increases. By repeating this process, the periodic temperature\nchange can convert stable crystals into metastable crystals."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Diagonalization of the Hamiltonian for Trapped Interacting Bosons: We consider systems of a small number of interacting bosons confined to\nharmonic potentials in one and two dimensions. By exact numerical\ndiagonalization of the many-body Hamiltonian we determine the low lying\nexcitation energies and the ground state energy and density profile. We discuss\nthe dependence of these quantities on both interaction strength g and particle\nnumber N. The ground state properties are compared to the predictions of the\nGross-Pitaevskii equation, which depends on these parameters only through the\ncombination Ng. We also calculate the specific heat based on the obtained\nenergy spectra.",
        "positive": "Heat fluctuations of Brownian oscillators in nonstationary processes:\n  fluctuation theorem and condensation transition: We study analytically the probability distribution of the heat released by an\nensemble of harmonic oscillators to the thermal bath, in the nonequilibrium\nrelaxation process following a temperature quench. We focus on the asymmetry\nproperties of the heat distribution in the nonstationary dynamics, in order to\nstudy the forms taken by the Fluctuation Theorem as the number of degrees of\nfreedom is varied. After analysing in great detail the cases of one and two\noscillators, we consider the limit of a large number of oscillators, where the\nbehavior of fluctuations is enriched by a condensation transition with a\nnontrivial phase diagram, characterized by reentrant behavior. Numerical\nsimulations confirm our analytical findings. We also discuss and highlight how\nconcepts borrowed from the study of fluctuations in equilibrium under symmetry\nbreaking conditions [Gaspard, J. Stat. Mech. P08021 (2012)] turn out to be\nquite useful in understanding the deviations from the standard Fluctuation\nTheorem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One-step replica-symmetry-breaking phase below the de Almeida-Thouless\n  line in low-dimensional spin glasses: The de Almeida-Thouless (AT) line is the phase boundary in the\ntemperature--magnetic field plane of an Ising spin glass at which a continuous\n(i.e. second-order) transition from a paramagnet to a replica-symmetry-breaking\n(RSB) phase occurs, according to mean-field theory. Here, using field-theoretic\nperturbative renormalization group methods on the Bray-Roberts reduced\nLandau-Ginzburg-type theory for a short-range Ising spin glass in space of\ndimension $d$, we show that at nonzero magnetic field the nature of the\ncorresponding transition is modified as follows: a) for $d-6$ small and\npositive, with increasing field on the AT line first, the ordered phase just\nbelow the transition becomes the so-called one-step RSB, instead of the full\nRSB that occurs in mean-field theory; the transition on the AT line remains\ncontinuous with a diverging correlation length. Then at a higher field, a\ntricritical point separates the latter transition from a quasi-first-order one,\nthat is one at which the correlation length does not diverge, and there is a\njump in part of the order parameter, but no latent heat. The location of the\ntricritical point tends to zero as $d\\to6^+$; b) for $d\\leq 6$, we argue that\nthe quasi-first-order transition could persist down to arbitrarily small\nnonzero fields, with a transition to full RSB still expected at lower\ntemperature. Whenever the quasi-first-order transition occurs, it is at a\nhigher temperature than the AT transition would be for the same field,\npreempting it as the temperature is lowered. We also draw attention to the\nsimilarity of the \"dynamically-frozen\" state, which occurs at temperatures just\nabove the quasi-first-order transition, and the \"metastate-average state\" of\nthe one-step RSB phase, and discuss the issue of the number of pure states in\neither.",
        "positive": "Anomalous diffusion on a fractal mesh: An exact analytical analysis of anomalous diffusion on a fractal mesh is\npresented. The fractal mesh structure is a direct product of two fractal sets\nwhich belong to a main branch of backbones and side branch of fingers. The\nfractal sets of both backbones and fingers are constructed on the entire\n(infinite) $y$ and $x$ axises. To this end we suggested a special algorithm of\nthis special construction. The transport properties of the fractal mesh is\nstudied, in particular, subdiffusion along the backbones is obtained with the\ndispersion relation $\\langle x^2(t)\\rangle\\sim t^{\\beta}$, where the transport\nexponent $\\beta<1$ is determined by the fractal dimensions of both backbone and\nfingers. Superdiffusion with $\\beta>1$ has been observed as well when the\nenvironment is controlled by means of a memory kernel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Survival of a static target in a gas of diffusing particles with\n  exclusion: Let a lattice gas of constant density, described by the symmetric simple\nexclusion process, be brought in contact with a \"target\": a spherical absorber\nof radius $R$. Employing the macroscopic fluctuation theory (MFT), we evaluate\nthe probability ${\\mathcal P}(T)$ that no gas particle hits the target until a\nlong but finite time $T$. We also find the most likely gas density history\nconditional on the non-hitting. The results depend on the dimension of space\n$d$ and on the rescaled parameter $\\ell=R/\\sqrt{D_0T}$, where $D_0$ is the gas\ndiffusivity. For small $\\ell$ and $d>2$, ${\\mathcal P}(T)$ is determined by an\nexact stationary solution of the MFT equations that we find. For large $\\ell$,\nand for any $\\ell$ in one dimension, the relevant MFT solutions are\nnon-stationary. In this case $\\ln {\\mathcal P}(T)$ scales differently with\nrelevant parameters, and it also depends on whether the initial condition is\nrandom or deterministic. The latter effects also occur if the lattice gas is\ncomposed of non-interacting random walkers. Finally, we extend the formalism to\na whole class of diffusive gases of interacting particles.",
        "positive": "Quantum Renyi relative entropies on a spin chain with interface defects: We compute the quantum Renyi relative entropies in an infinite spinless\nfermionic chain with a defect. Doing a numerical analysis we will show that the\nresulting quantity depends non trivially on the effective central charge of the\ntheory. Moreover, we will see that an explicit analytic expression can be\nwritten for all of them and from that, one can read the quantum fidelity and\nthe relative entropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium long-ranged charge correlations at the surface of a\n  conductor coupled to the electromagnetic radiation II: Results of a previous article with the same title are retrieved by a\ndifferent method. A one-component plasma is bounded by a plane surface. The\nplasma is fully coupled to the electromagnetic field, therefore the charge\ncorrelations are retarded. The quantum correlation function of the surface\ncharge densities, at times different by $t$, at asymptotical large distances\n$R$, at inverse temperature $\\beta$, decays as $-1/(8\\pi^2\\beta R^3)$, a\nsurprisingly simple result: the decay is independent of Planck's constant\n$\\hbar$ and of the time difference $t$. The present paper is based on the\nanalysis of the collective vibration modes of the system.",
        "positive": "Equivalence between two-dimensional alternating/random Ising model and\n  the ground state of one-dimensional alternating/random XY chain: It is derived that the two-dimensional Ising model with alternating/random\ninteractions and with periodic/free boundary conditions is equivalent to the\nground state of the one-dimensional alternating/random XY model with the\ncorresponding periodic/free boundary conditions. This provides an exact\nequivalence between a random rectangular Ising model, in which the\nGriffiths-McCoy phase appears, and a random XY chain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Formation Time of a Fermion Pair Condensate: The formation time of a condensate of fermionic atom pairs close to a\nFeshbach resonance was studied. This was done using a phase-shift method in\nwhich the delayed response of the many-body system to a modulation of the\ninteraction strength was recorded. The observable was the fraction of condensed\nmolecules in the cloud after a rapid magnetic field ramp across the Feshbach\nresonance. The measured response time was slow compared to the rapid ramp,\nwhich provides final proof that the molecular condensates reflect the presence\nof fermion pair condensates before the ramp.",
        "positive": "Matrix Coordinate Bethe Ansatz: Applications to XXZ and ASEP models: We present the construction of the full set of eigenvectors of the open ASEP\nand XXZ models with special constraints on the boundaries. The method combines\nboth recent constructions of coordinate Bethe Ansatz and the old method of\nmatrix Ansatz specific to the ASEP. This \"matrix coordinate Bethe Ansatz\" can\nbe viewed as a non-commutative coordinate Bethe Ansatz, the non-commutative\npart being related to the algebra appearing in"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation Functions of One-Dimensional Lieb-Liniger Anyons: We have investigated the properties of a model of 1D anyons interacting\nthrough a $\\delta$-function repulsive potential. The structure of the\nquasi-periodic boundary conditions for the anyonic field operators and the\nmany-anyon wavefunctions is clarified. The spectrum of the low-lying\nexcitations including the particle-hole excitations is calculated for periodic\nand twisted boundary conditions. Using the ideas of the conformal field theory\nwe obtain the large-distance asymptotics of the density and field correlation\nfunction at the critical temperature T=0 and at small finite temperatures. Our\nexpression for the field correlation function extends the results in the\nliterature obtained for harmonic quantum anyonic fluids.",
        "positive": "Stochastic processes with finite correlation time: modeling and\n  application to the generalized Langevin equation: The kangaroo process (KP) is characterized by various forms of the covariance\nand can serve as a useful model of random noises. We discuss properties of that\nprocess for the exponential, stretched exponential and algebraic (power-law)\ncovariances. Then we apply the KP as a model of noise in the generalized\nLangevin equation and simulate solutions by a Monte Carlo method. Some results\nappear to be incompatible with requirements of the fluctuation-dissipation\ntheorem because probability distributions change when the process is inserted\ninto the equation. We demonstrate how one can construct a model of noise free\nof that difficulty. This form of the KP is especially suitable for physical\napplications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simple realization of the polytropic process with a finite-sized\n  reservoir: In many textbooks of thermodynamics, the polytropic process is usually\nintroduced by defining its process equation rather than analyzing its actual\norigin. We realize a polytropic process of an ideal gas system when it is\nthermally contact with a reservoir whose heat capacity is a constant. This\nmodel can deepen students' understanding of typical thermodynamic processes,\nsuch as isothermal and adiabatic processes, in the teaching of thermodynamics.\nMoreover, it can inspire students to explore some interesting phenomena caused\nby the finiteness of the reservoir. The experimental implementation of the\nproposed model with realistic parameters is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Diffusion of a Test Chain in a Quenched Background of Semidilute\n  Polymers: Based on a recently established formalism (U. Ebert, J. Stat. Phys. 82, 183\n(1996)) we analyze the diffusive motion of a long polymer in a quenched random\nmedium. The medium is modeled by a frozen semidilute polymer system. In the\nframework of standard renormalization group (RG) theory we present a systematic\nperturbative approach to handle such a many chain system. In contrast to the\nwork of Ebert we here deal with long range correlated disorder and find an\nattractive RG fixed point. Unlike in polymer statics the semidilute limit here\nyields new nontrivial power laws for dynamic quantities. The exponents are\nintermediate between the Rouse and reptation results. An explicit one loop\ncalculation for the center of mass motion is given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unifying description of the damping regimes of a stochastic particle in\n  a periodic potential: We analyze the classical problem of the stochastic dynamics of a particle\nconfined in a periodic potential, through the so called Il'in and Khasminskii\nmodel, with a novel semi-analytical approach. Our approach gives access to the\ntransient and the asymptotic dynamics in all damping regimes, which are\ndifficult to investigate in the usual Brownian model. We show that the\ncrossover from the overdamped to the underdamped regime is associated with the\nloss of a typical time scale and of a typical length scale, as signaled by the\ndivergence of the probability distribution of a certain dynamical event. In the\nunderdamped regime, normal diffusion coexists with a non Gaussian displacement\nprobability distribution for a long transient, as recently observed in a\nvariety of different systems. We rationalize the microscopic physical processes\nleading to the non-Gaussian behavior, as well as the timescale to recover the\nGaussian statistics. The theoretical results are supported by numerical\ncalculations and are compared to those obtained for the Brownian model.",
        "positive": "Irreversible nucleation in multilayer growth: The epitaxial growth process of a high symmetry surface occurs because\nadatoms meet and nucleate new islands, that eventually coalesce and complete\natomic layers. During multilayer growth, nucleation usually takes place on top\nof terraces where the geometry of the diffusion process is well defined: We\nhave studied in detail the spatiotemporal distribution of nucleation events and\nthe resulting nucleation rate, a quantity of primary importance to model\nexperimental results and evaluate diffusion barriers at step-edges. We provide\nrigorous results for irreversible nucleation and we assess the limits of\nmean-field theory (MFT): we show that MFT overestimates the correct result by a\nfactor proportional to the number of times an adatom diffusing on the terrace\nvisits an already visited lattice site. In this report we aim at giving a\nsimple physical account of our results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stability of quantum breathers: Using two methods we show that a quantized discrete breather in a 1-D lattice\nis stable. One method uses path integrals and compares correlations for a\n(linear) local mode with those of the quantum breather. The other takes a local\nmode as the zeroth order system relative to which numerical, cutoff-insensitive\ndiagonalization of the Hamiltonian is performed.",
        "positive": "Two dimensional kicked quantum Ising model: dynamical phase transitions: Using an efficient one and two qubit gate simulator, operating on graphical\nprocessing units, we investigate ergodic properties of a quantum Ising spin 1/2\nmodel on a two dimensional lattice, which is periodically driven by a\n$\\delta$-pulsed transverse magnetic field. We consider three different\ndynamical properties: (i) level density and (ii) level spacing distribution of\nthe Floquet quasienergy spectrum, as well as (iii) time-averaged\nautocorrelation function of components of the magnetization. Varying the\nparameters of the model, we found transitions between ordered (non ergodic) and\nquantum chaotic (ergodic) phases, but the transitions between flat and non-flat\nspectral density {\\em do not} correspond to transitions between ergodic and\nnon-ergodic local observables. Even more surprisingly, we found nice agreement\nof level spacing distribution with the Wigner surmise of random matrix theory\nfor almost all values of parameters except where the model is essentially\nnoninteracting, even in the regions where local observables are not ergodic or\nwhere spectral density is non-flat. These findings put in question the\nversatility of the interpretation of level spacing distribution in many-body\nsystems and stress the importance of the concept of locality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cover times of random searches: How long does it take a random searcher to visit all sites of a given domain?\nThis time, known as the cover time, is a key observable to quantify the\nefficiency of exhaustive searches, which require a complete exploration of an\narea and not only the discovery of a single target; examples range from immune\nsystem cells chasing pathogens to animals harvesting resources, robotized\nexploration by e.g. automated cleaners or deminers, or algorithmics. Despite\nits broad relevance, the cover time has remained elusive and so far explicit\nresults have been scarce and mostly limited to regular random walks. Here we\ndetermine the full distribution of the cover time for a broad range of random\nsearch processes, which includes the prominent examples of L\\'evy strategies,\nintermittent strategies, persistent random walks and random walks on complex\nnetworks, and reveal its universal features. We show that for all these\nexamples the mean cover time can be minimized, and that the corresponding\noptimal strategies also minimize the mean search time for a single target,\nunambiguously pointing towards their robustness.",
        "positive": "Stochastic representation of deterministic interactions and Brownian\n  motion: Exact generalized stochastic representation of deterministic interaction\nbetween two dynamical (quantum or classical) systems is derived which helps\nwhen considering one of them to replace another by equivalent commutative\n($c$-number valued) random sources. The method is applied to classical Brownian\nmotion of a particle in a gas, and statistics of this motion is reduced to\nstatistics of the gas response to perturbations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonanalytic behavior of the spin susceptibility in clean Fermi systems: The wavevector and temperature dependent static spin susceptibility,\n\\chi_s(Q,T), of clean interacting Fermi systems is considered in dimensions\n1\\leq d \\leq 3. We show that at zero temperature \\chi_s is a nonanalytic\nfunction of |Q|, with the leading nonanalyticity being |Q|^{d-1} for 1<d<3, and\nQ^2\\ln|Q| for d=3. For the homogeneous spin susceptibility we find a\nnonanalytic temperature dependence T^{d-1} for 1<d<3. We give qualitative\nmode-mode coupling arguments to that effect, and corroborate these arguments by\na perturbative calculation to second order in the electron-electron interaction\namplitude. The implications of this, in particular for itinerant\nferromagnetism, are discussed. We also point out the relation between our\nfindings and established perturbative results for 1-d systems, as well as for\nthe temperature dependence of \\chi_s(Q=0) in d=3.",
        "positive": "Molecular dynamic simulation of directional crystal growth: We use molecular dynamic to simulate the directional growth of binary\nmixtures. our results compare very well with analitical and experimental\nresults. This opens up the possibility to probe growth situations which are\ndifficult to reach experimentally, being an important tool for further\nexperimental and theoretical developments in the area of crystal growth."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unified framework for hybrid percolation transitions based on\n  microscopic dynamics: A hybrid percolation transition (HPT) exhibits both discontinuity of the\norder parameter and critical behavior at the transition point. Such dynamic\ntransitions can occur in two ways: by cluster pruning with suppression of loop\nformation of cut links or by cluster merging with suppression of the creation\nof large clusters. While the microscopic mechanism of the former is understood\nin detail, a similar framework is missing for the latter. By studying two\ndistinct cluster merging models, we uncover the universal mechanism of the\nfeatures of HPT-s at a microscopic level. We find that these features occur in\nthree steps: (i) medium-sized clusters accumulate due to the suppression rule\nhindering the growth of large clusters, (ii) those medium size clusters\neventually merge and a giant cluster increases rapidly, and (iii) the\nsuppression effect becomes obsolete and the kinetics is governed by the\nErd\\H{o}s-R\\'enyi type of dynamics. We show that during the second and third\nperiod, the growth of the largest component must proceed in the form of a\nDevil's staircase. We characterize the critical behavior by two sets of\nexponents associated with the order parameter and cluster size distribution,\nwhich are related to each other by a scaling relation. Extensive numerical\nsimulations are carried out to support the theory where a specific method is\napplied for finite-size scaling analysis to enable handling the large\nfluctuations of the transition point. Our results provide a unified theoretical\nframework for the HPT.",
        "positive": "On the dynamics of point vortices in a quantum gas confined in an\n  annular region: The dynamics of one and two pointlike vortices in a planar quantum gas of\nspin-0 particles confined in an annular region is considered. New analytical\nand numerical solutions are found. The concept of stationarity radius, related\nto the doubly connected nature of the annulus, is defined. It is seen that the\nexistence of these radii has great impact on the behaviour of the vortices. It\nis shown that, because of the existence of the stationarity radii, vortices\nexhibit similar behaviour regardless of the sign of their winding number. The\nenergetically stable vortex solutions are studied qualitatively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Effects of \"Guest\" Charges Immersed in Electrolyte: Exact 2D\n  Results: We study physical situations when one or two \"guest\" arbitrarily-charged\nparticles are immersed in the bulk of a classical electrolyte modelled by a\nCoulomb gas of positive/negative unit point-like charges, the whole system\nbeing in thermal equilibrium. The models are treated as two-dimensional with\nlogarithmic pairwise interactions among charged constituents; the\n(dimensionless) inverse temperature $\\beta$ is considered to be smaller than 2\nin order to ensure the stability of the electrolyte against the collapse of\npositive-negative pairs of charges. Based on recent progress in the integrable\n(1+1)-dimensional sine-Gordon theory, exact formulas are derived for the\nchemical potential of one guest charge and for the asymptotic large-distance\nbehavior of the effective interaction between two guest charges. The exact\nresults imply, under certain circumstances, anomalous effects such as an\neffective attraction (repulsion) between like-charged (oppositely-charged)\nguest particles and the charge inversion in the electrolyte vicinity of a\nhighly-charged guest particle. The adequacy of the concept of renormalized\ncharge is confirmed in the whole stability region of inverse temperatures and\nthe related saturation phenomenon is revised.",
        "positive": "Model Realization and Numerical Studies of a Three-Dimensional Bosonic\n  Topological Insulator and Symmetry-Enriched Topological Phases: We study a topological phase of interacting bosons in (3+1) dimensions which\nis protected by charge conservation and time-reversal symmetry. We present an\nexplicit lattice model which realizes this phase and which can be studied in\nsign-free Monte Carlo simulations. The idea behind our model is to bind bosons\nto topological defects called hedgehogs. We determine the phase diagram of the\nmodel and identify a phase where such bound states are proliferated. In this\nphase we observe a Witten effect in the bulk whereby an external monopole binds\nhalf of the elementary boson charge, which confirms that it is a bosonic\ntopological insulator. We also study the boundary between the topological\ninsulator and a trivial insulator. We find a surface phase diagram which\nincludes exotic superfluids, a topologically ordered phase, and a phase with a\nHall effect quantized to one-half of the value possible in a purely\ntwo-dimensional system. We also present models that realize symmetry-enriched\ntopologically-ordered phases by binding multiple hedgehogs to each boson; these\nphases show charge fractionalization and intrinsic topological order as well as\na fractional Witten effect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Resolution of the Sign Problem for a Frustrated Triplet of Spins: We propose a mechanism for solving the `negative sign problem'---the\ninability to assign non-negative weights to quantum Monte Carlo\nconfigurations---for a toy model consisting of a frustrated triplet of\nspin-$1/2$ particles interacting antiferromagnetically. The introduced\ntechnique is based on the systematic grouping of the weights of the recently\ndeveloped off-diagonal series expansion of the canonical partition function\n[Phys. Rev. E 96, 063309 (2017)]. We show that while the examined model is\neasily diagonalizable, the sign problem it encounters can nonetheless be very\npronounced, and we offer a systematic mechanism to resolve it. We discuss the\ngeneralization of the suggested scheme and the steps required to extend it to\nmore general and larger spin models.",
        "positive": "Worm quantum Monte-Carlo study of phase diagram of extended\n  Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model: Herein, we study the extended Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model mainly by the\nlarge-scale worm quantum Monte-Carlo method to check whether or not a light\nsupersolid phase exists in various geometries, such as the one-dimensional\nchain, square lattices and triangular lattices. To achieve our purpose, the\nground state phase diagrams are investigated. For the one-dimensional chain and\nsquare lattices, a first-order transition occurs between the superfluid phase\nand the solid phase and therefore there is no stable supersolid phase existing\nin these geometries. Interestingly, soliton/beats of the local densities arise\nif the chemical potential is adjusted in the finite-size chain. However, this\nsoliton-superfluid coexistence can not be considered as a supersolid in the\nthermodynamic limit. Searching for a light supersolid, we also studied the\nJaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model on triangular lattices, and the phase diagrams\nare obtained. Through measurement of the structural factor, momentum\ndistribution and superfluid stiffness for various system sizes, a supersolid\nphase exists stably in the triangular lattices geometry and the regime of the\nsupersolid phase is smaller than that of the mean field results. The light\nsupersolid in the Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model is attractive because it has\nsuperreliance, which is absent in the pure Bose-Hubbard model. We believe the\nresults in this paper could help search for new novel phases in cold-atom\nexperiments"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Result for the Nonlocal Conserved Kardar-Parisi-Zhang Equation: I analyze the Nonlocal Conserved Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (NCKPZ) equation with\nspatially correlated noise. This equation is also known as the Nonlocal\nMolecular Beam Epitaxy (NMBE) equation andv was originally suggested to study\nthe effect of the long-range nature of interactions coupled with spatially\ncorrelated noise on the dynamics of a volume conserving surface. I find an\nexact result for a subfamily of NCKPZ models in one dimension, and thus\nestablish an exact result for MBE processes for the first time. Then, to\ncomplete the picture, I construct a Self-Consistent Expansion (SCE) and get\nresults that are consistent with the exact result in one dimension. I conclude\nby discussing previous results obtained for NCKPZ using dynamic renormalization\ngroup approach, and find that this approach does not yield the exact result I\nobtain. This discussion shows the advantage of the using SCE to deal with\nnon-linear stochastic equations.",
        "positive": "Fourier Monte Carlo Renormalization Group Approach to Crystalline\n  Membranes: The computation of the critical exponent eta characterizing the universal\nelastic behavior of crystalline membranes in the flat phase continues to\nrepresent challenges to theorists as well as computer simulators that manifest\nthemselves in a considerable spread of numerical results for eta published in\nthe literature. We present new insight to this problem that results from\ncombining Wilson's momentum shell renormalization group method with the power\nof modern computer simulations based on the Fourier Monte Carlo algorithm.\nAfter discussing the ideas and difficulties underlying this combined scheme, we\npresent a calculation of the renormalization group flow of the effective 2d\nYoung modulus for momentum shells of different thickness. Extrapolation to\ninfinite shell thickness allows to produce results in reasonable agreement with\nthose obtained by functional renormalization group or by Fourier Monte Carlo\nsimulations in combination with finite size scaling. Moreover, our new method\nallows for the first time to obtain a decent estimate for the value of the\nWegner exponent omega that determines the leading correction to scaling, which\nin turn allows to refine our numerical estimate for eta previously obtained\nfrom precise finite size scaling data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple analytical approach to describe disease spread on a network: We investigate the time evolution of disease spread on a network by using the\nconcept of generations. We derive a set of equations, which can be used to\ndetermine the average epidemic size. We find a very good agreement between the\nanalytical and simulation results. The details of approximations and the\npossibility of generalization or improvement are discussed.",
        "positive": "The equation of state of a cell fluid model in the supercritical region: The analytic method for deriving the equation of state of a cell fluid model\nin the region above the critical temperature ($T \\geqslant T_\\text{c}$) is\nelaborated using the renormalization group transformation in the collective\nvariables set. Mathematical description with allowance for non-Gaussian\nfluctuations of the order parameter is performed in the vicinity of the\ncritical point on the basis of the $\\rho^4$ model. The proposed method of\ncalculation of the grand partition function allows one to obtain the equation\nfor the critical temperature of the fluid model in addition to universal\nquantities such as critical exponents of the correlation length. The isothermal\ncompressibility is plotted as a function of density. The line of extrema of the\ncompressibility in the supercritical region is also represented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Why Nanosystems and Macroscopic Systems Behave Differently: Advancement in nanotechnology is dependent on the understanding of the\nbehavior of matter in nanoscale. In this report we have demonstrated, through a\nunique molecular simulation procedure, that properties of matter in nanosystems\ndo not follow the same rules as in macroscopic systems. More specifically, it\nis shown that extensive properties such as internal energy and entropy are not\nextensive, and intensive properties such as temperature and pressure are not\nintensive in nanosystems, in contrast to macroscopic systems. Variations of the\nEuler exponents for these properties as a function of the number of particles\nof the system are reported. As the size of the system increases, the value of\nthese exponents approach integers that correspond to the macroscopic systems.",
        "positive": "Optimal Control of Rotary Motors: Single-molecule experiments have found near-perfect thermodynamic efficiency\nin the rotary motor F1-ATP synthase. To help elucidate the principles\nunderlying nonequilibrium energetic efficiency in such stochastic machines, we\ninvestigate driving protocols that minimize dissipation near equilibrium in a\nsimple model rotary mechanochemical motor, as determined by a generalized\nfriction coefficient. Our simple model has a periodic friction coefficient that\npeaks near system energy barriers. This implies a minimum-dissipation protocol\nthat proceeds rapidly when the system is overwhelmingly in a single macrostate,\nbut slows significantly near energy barriers, thereby harnessing thermal\nfluctuations to kick the system over energy barriers with minimal work input.\nThis model also manifests a phenomenon not seen in otherwise similar\nnon-periodic systems: sufficiently fast protocols can effectively lap the\nsystem. While this leads to a non-trivial tradeoff between accuracy of driving\nand energetic cost, we find that our designed protocols out-perform naive\nprotocols."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Competition-Induced Preferential Attachment: Models based on preferential attachment have had much success in reproducing\nthe power law degree distributions which seem ubiquitous in both natural and\nengineered systems. Here, rather than assuming preferential attachment, we give\nan explanation of how it can arise from a more basic underlying mechanism of\ncompetition between opposing forces.\n  We introduce a family of one-dimensional geometric growth models, constructed\niteratively by locally optimizing the tradeoffs between two competing metrics.\nThis family admits an equivalent description as a graph process with no\nreference to the underlying geometry. Moreover, the resulting graph process is\nshown to be preferential attachment with an upper cutoff. We rigorously\ndetermine the degree distribution for the family of random graph models,\nshowing that it obeys a power law up to a finite threshold and decays\nexponentially above this threshold.\n  We also introduce and rigorously analyze a generalized version of our graph\nprocess, with two natural parameters, one corresponding to the cutoff and the\nother a ``fertility'' parameter. Limiting cases of this process include the\nstandard Barabasi-Albert preferential attachment model and the uniform\nattachment model. In the general case, we prove that the process has a power\nlaw degree distribution up to a cutoff, and establish monotonicity of the power\nas a function of the two parameters.",
        "positive": "Critical Phenomena and Diffusion in Complex Systems: Editorial of the International Conference on Critical Phenomena and Diffusion\nin Complex Systems held on 5--7 December, 2006 in Nizhniy Novgorod State\nUniversity, Russia and was dedicated to the memory and 80th anniversary of\nProfessor Askold N. Malakhov."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergence and Reduction Combined in Phase Transitions: In another paper (Butterfield 2011), one of us argued that emergence and\nreduction are compatible, and presented four examples illustrating both. The\nmain purpose of this paper is to develop this position for the example of phase\ntransitions. We take it that emergence involves behaviour that is novel\ncompared with what is expected: often, what is expected from a theory of the\nsystem's microscopic constituents. We take reduction as deduction, aided by\nappropriate definitions. Then the main idea of our reconciliation of emergence\nand reduction is that one makes the deduction after taking a limit of an\nappropriate parameter $N$. Thus our first main claim will be that in some\nsituations, one can deduce a novel behaviour, by taking a limit $N\\to\\infty$.\nOur main illustration of this will be Lee-Yang theory. But on the other hand,\nthis does not show that the $N=\\infty$ limit is physically real. For our second\nmain claim will be that in such situations, there is a logically weaker, yet\nstill vivid, novel behaviour that occurs before the limit, i.e. for finite $N$.\nAnd it is this weaker behaviour which is physically real. Our main illustration\nof this will be the renormalization group description of cross-over phenomena.",
        "positive": "Kondo effect in the hierarchical s-d model: The s-d model describes a chain of spin-1/2 electrons interacting\nmagnetically with a two-level impurity. It was introduced to study the Kondo\neffect, in which the magnetic susceptibility of the impurity remains finite in\nthe 0-temperature limit as long as the interaction of the impurity with the\nelectrons is anti-ferromagnetic. A variant of this model was introduced by\nAndrei, which he proved was exactly solvable via Bethe Ansatz. A hierarchical\nversion of Andrei's model was studied by Benfatto and the authors. In the\npresent letter, that discussion is extended to a hierarchical version of the\ns-d model. The resulting analysis is very similar to the hierarchical Andrei\nmodel, though the result is slightly simpler."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymmetric Bethe-Salpeter equation for pairing and condensation: The Martin-Schwinger hierarchy of correlations are reexamined and the\nthree-particle correlations are investigated under various partial summations.\nBesides the known approximations of screened, ladder and maximally crossed\ndiagrams the pair-pair correlations are considered. It is shown that the\nrecently proposed asymmetric Bethe-Salpeter equation to avoid unphysical\nrepeated collisions is derived as a result of the hierarchical dependencies of\ncorrelations. Exceeding the parquet approximation we show that an asymmetry\nappears in the selfconsistent propagators. This form is superior over the\nsymmetric selfconsistent one since it provides the Nambu-Gorkov equations and\ngap equation for fermions and the Beliaev equations for bosons while from the\nsymmetric form no gap equation results. The selfenergy diagrams which account\nfor the subtraction of unphysical repeated collisions are derived from the\npair-pair correlation in the three-particle Greenfunction. It is suggested to\ndistinguish between two types of selfconsistency, the channel-dressed\npropagators and the completely dressed propagators, with the help of which the\nasymmetric expansion completes the Ward identity and is $\\Phi$-derivable.",
        "positive": "Out of equilibrium dynamics of the spiral model: We study the relaxation of the bi-dimensional kinetically constrained spiral\nmodel. We show that due to the reversibility of the dynamic rules any unblocked\nstate fully decorrelates in finite times irrespectively of the system being in\nthe unjammed or the jammed phase. In consequence, the evolution of any\nunblocked configuration occurs in a different sector of phase space from the\none that includes the equilibrium blocked equilibrium configurations at\ncriticality and in the jammed phase. We argue that such out of equilibrium\ndynamics share many points in common with coarsening in the one-dimensional\nIsing model and we identify the coarsening structures that are, basically,\nlines of vacancies. We provide evidence for this claim by analyzing the\nbehaviour of several observables including the density of particles and\nvacancies, the spatial correlation function, the time-dependent persistence and\nthe linear response."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium and dynamical properties of two dimensional self-gravitating\n  systems: A system of N classical particles in a 2D periodic cell interacting via\nlong-range attractive potential is studied. For low energy density $U$ a\ncollapsed phase is identified, while in the high energy limit the particles are\nhomogeneously distributed. A phase transition from the collapsed to the\nhomogeneous state occurs at critical energy U_c. A theoretical analysis within\nthe canonical ensemble identifies such a transition as first order. But\nmicrocanonical simulations reveal a negative specific heat regime near $U_c$.\nThe dynamical behaviour of the system is affected by this transition : below\nU_c anomalous diffusion is observed, while for U > U_c the motion of the\nparticles is almost ballistic. In the collapsed phase, finite $N$-effects act\nlike a noise source of variance O(1/N), that restores normal diffusion on a\ntime scale diverging with N. As a consequence, the asymptotic diffusion\ncoefficient will also diverge algebraically with N and superdiffusion will be\nobservable at any time in the limit N \\to \\infty. A Lyapunov analysis reveals\nthat for U > U_c the maximal exponent \\lambda decreases proportionally to\nN^{-1/3} and vanishes in the mean-field limit. For sufficiently small energy,\nin spite of a clear non ergodicity of the system, a common scaling law \\lambda\n\\propto U^{1/2} is observed for any initial conditions.",
        "positive": "Scaling behaviour of non-equilibrium planar $N$-atic spin systems under\n  weak fluctuations: Starting from symmetry considerations, we derive the generic hydrodynamic\nequation of non-equilibrium $XY$ spin systems with $N$-atic symmetry under weak\nfluctuations. Through a systematic treatment we demonstrate that, in two\ndimensions, these systems exhibit two types of scaling behaviours. For $N=1$,\nthey have long-range order and are described by the flocking phase of dry polar\nactive fluids. For all other values of $N$, the systems exhibit quasi\nlong-range order, as in the equilibrium $XY$ model at low temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pressure exerted by a vesicle on a surface: Several recent works have considered the pressure exerted on a wall by a\nmodel polymer. We extend this consideration to vesicles attached to a wall, and\nhence include osmotic pressure. We do this by considering a two-dimensional\ndirected model, namely that of area-weighted Dyck paths.\n  Not surprisingly, the pressure exerted by the vesicle on the wall depends on\nthe osmotic pressure inside, especially its sign. Here, we discuss the scaling\nof this pressure in the different regimes, paying particular attention to the\ncrossover between positive and negative osmotic pressure. In our directed\nmodel, there exists an underlying Airy function scaling form, from which we\nextract the dependence of the bulk pressure on small osmotic pressures.",
        "positive": "Phase Diagram And Adsorption-Desorption Kinetics Of CO On Ru(0001):\n  Present Limitations Of A First Principles Approach: A lattice gas model is used to study the equilibrium properties and\ndesorption kinetics of CO on Ru(0001). With interactions obtained from density\nfunctional theory (DFT) the phase diagram and temperature programmed desorption\n(TPD) spectra are calculated up to a coverage of 1/3 ML using top sites only.\nFor coverages beyond 1/3 ML hollow sites are included. Good agreement is\nobtained between experiment and theory for coverages below 1/3 ML using top\nsites only. When including hollow sites, DFT calculations fail in predicting\nthe correct binding energy differences between top and hollow sites giving\ndisagreement with TPD, low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and heat of\nadsorption experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extreme Value Statistics of Jump Processes: We investigate extreme value statistics (EVS) of general discrete time and\ncontinuous space symmetric jump processes. We first show that for unbounded\njump processes, the semi-infinite propagator $G_0(x,n)$, defined as the\nprobability for a particle issued from $0$ to be at position $x$ after $n$\nsteps whilst staying positive, is the key ingredient needed to derive a variety\nof joint distributions of extremes and times at which they are reached. Along\nwith exact expressions, we extract novel universal asymptotic behaviors of such\nquantities. For bounded, semi-infinite jump processes killed upon first\ncrossing of zero, we introduce the \\textit{strip probability}\n$\\mu_{0,\\underline{x}}(n)$, defined as the probability that a particle issued\nfrom 0 remains positive and reaches its maximum $x$ on its $n^{\\rm th}$ step\nexactly. We show that $\\mu_{0,\\underline{x}}(n)$ is the essential building\nblock to address EVS of semi-infinite jump processes, and obtain exact\nexpressions and universal asymptotic behaviors of various joint distributions.",
        "positive": "Profit Profiles in Correlated Markets: We consider a financial market where the asset price follows a fractional\nBrownian motion. We introduce a family of investment strategies, and quantify\nprofit possibilities for both persistent and antipersistant markets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Symmetry breaking through a sequence of transitions in a driven\n  diffusive system: In this work we study a two species driven diffusive system with open\nboundaries that exhibits spontaneous symmetry breaking in one dimension. In a\nsymmetry broken state the currents of the two species are not equal, although\nthe dynamics is symmetric. A mean field theory predicts a sequence of two\ntransitions from a strongly symmetry broken state through an intermediate\nsymmetry broken state to a symmetric state. However, a recent numerical study\nhas questioned the existence of the intermediate state and instead suggested a\nsingle discontinuous transition. In this work we present an extensive numerical\nstudy that supports the existence of the intermediate phase but shows that this\nphase and the transition to the symmetric phase are qualitatively different\nfrom the mean-field predictions.",
        "positive": "Discrete scale invariance and stochastic Loewner evolution: In complex systems with fractal properties the scale invariance has an\nimportant rule to classify different statistical properties. In two dimensions\nthe Loewner equation can classify all the fractal curves. Using the\nWeierstrass-Mandelbrot (WM) function as the drift of the Loewner equation we\nintroduce a large class of fractal curves with discrete scale invariance (DSI).\nWe show that the fractal dimension of the curves can be extracted from the\ndiffusion coefficient of the trend of the variance of the WM function. We argue\nthat, up to the fractal dimension calculations, all the WM functions follow the\nbehavior of the corresponding Brownian motion. Our study opens a way to\nclassify all the fractal curves with DSI.\n  In particular, we investigate the contour lines of 2D WM function as a\nphysical candidate for our new stochastic curves."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On how nanomechanical systems can minimize dissipation: Information processing machines at the nanoscales are unavoidably affected by\nthermal fluctuations. Efficient design requires understanding how nanomachines\ncan operate at minimal energy dissipation. In this letter we focus on\nmechanical systems controlled by smoothly varying potential forces. We show\nthat optimal control equations come about in a natural way if the energy cost\nto manipulate the potential is taken into account. When such cost becomes\nnegligible, the optimal control strategy can be constructed by transparent\ngeometrical methods and recovers the solution of optimal mass transport\nequations in the overdamped limit. Our equations are equivalent to hierarchies\nof kinetic equations of a form well-known in the theory of dilute gases. From\nour results, optimal strategies for energy efficient nanosystems may be devised",
        "positive": "Possible dynamics of the Tsallis distribution from a Fokker-Planck\n  equation (I): The dynamical property of the Tsallis distribution is studied from a\nFokker-Planck equation. For the Langevin dynamical system with an arbitrary\npotential function, Markovian friction and Gaussian white noise, we show that\nno possible nonequilibrium dynamics can use the Tsallis distribution for the\nstatistical description. The current form of the Tsallis distribution stands\nfor a simple isothermal situation with no friction and no noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Separation and an upper bound for $\u0394$ for Fermi fluids in the\n  Phase Separation and an upper bound for $\u0394$ for Fermi fluids in the\n  unitary regime: An upper bound is derived for $\\Delta$ for a cold dilute fluid of equal\namounts of two species of fermion in the unitary regime $k_f a \\to \\infty$\n(where $k_f$ is the Fermi momentum and $a$ the scattering length, and $\\Delta$\nis a pairing energy: the difference in energy per particle between adding to\nthe system a macroscopic number (but infinitesimal fraction) of particles of\none species compared to adding equal numbers of both. The bound is $\\delta \\leq\n{5/3} (2 (2 \\xi)^{2/5} - (2 \\xi))$ where $\\xi=\\epsilon/\\epsilon_{\\rm FG}$,\n$\\delta= 2 \\Delta/\\epsilon_{\\rm FG}$; $\\epsilon$ is the energy per particle and\n$\\epsilon_{\\rm FG}$ is the energy per particle of a noninteracting Fermi gas.\nIf the bound is saturated, then systems with unequal densities of the two\nspecies will separate spatially into a superfluid phase with equal numbers of\nthe two species and a normal phase with the excess. If the bound is not\nsaturated then $\\Delta$ is the usual superfluid gap. If the superfluid gap\nexceeds the maximum allowed by the inequality phase separation occurs.",
        "positive": "Relevance in the Renormalization Group and in Information Theory: The analysis of complex physical systems hinges on the ability to extract the\nrelevant degrees of freedom from among the many others. Though much hope is\nplaced in machine learning, it also brings challenges, chief of which is\ninterpretability. It is often unclear what relation, if any, the architecture-\nand training-dependent learned \"relevant\" features bear to standard objects of\nphysical theory. Here we report on theoretical results which may help to\nsystematically address this issue: we establish equivalence between the\ninformation-theoretic notion of relevance defined in the Information Bottleneck\n(IB) formalism of compression theory, and the field-theoretic relevance of the\nRenormalization Group. We show analytically that for statistical physical\nsystems described by a field theory the \"relevant\" degrees of freedom found\nusing IB compression indeed correspond to operators with the lowest scaling\ndimensions. We confirm our field theoretic predictions numerically. We study\ndependence of the IB solutions on the physical symmetries of the data. Our\nfindings provide a dictionary connecting two distinct theoretical toolboxes,\nand an example of constructively incorporating physical interpretability in\napplications of deep learning in physics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Micro- and Macrosimulation of Freeway Traffic: We present simulations of congested traffic in circular and open systems with\na non-local, gas-kinetic-based traffic model and a novel car-following model.\nThe model parameters are all intuitive and can be easily calibrated. Micro- and\nmacrosimulations with these models for identical vehicles on a single lane\nproduce the same traffic states, which also qualitatively agree with empirical\ntraffic observations. Moreover, the phase diagrams of traffic states in the\npresence of bottlenecks for the microscopic car-following model and the\nmacroscopic gas-kinetic-based model almost agree. In both cases, we found\nmetastable regimes, spatially coexistent states, and a small region of\ntristability. The distinction of different types of vehicles (cars and long\nvehicles) yields additional insight and allows to reproduce empirical data even\nmore realistically, including the observed fluctuation properties of traffic\nflows like the wide scattering of congested traffic data.\n  Finally, as an alternative to the gas-kinetic approach, we propose a new\nscheme for deriving non-local macroscopic traffic models from given microscopic\ncar-following models. Assuming identical (macroscopic) initial and boundary\nconditions, we show that there are microscopic models for which the\ncorresponding macroscopic version displays an almost identical dynamics. This\nenables us to combine micro- and macrosimulations of road sections by simple\nalgorithms, and even to simulate them simultaneously.",
        "positive": "Ranked diffusion, delta Bose gas and Burgers equation: We study the diffusion of $N$ particles in one dimension interacting via a\ndrift proportional to their rank. In the attractive case (self-gravitating gas)\na mapping to the Lieb Liniger quantum model allows to obtain stationary time\ncorrelations, return probabilities and the decay rate to the stationary state.\nThe rank field obeys a Burgers equation, which we analyze. It allows to obtain\nthe stationary density at large $N$ in an external potential $V(x)$ (in the\nrepulsive case). In the attractive case the decay rate to the steady state is\nfound to depend on the initial condition if its spatial decay is slow enough.\nCoulomb gas methods allow to study the final equilibrium at large $N$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Number-of-particle fluctuations in systems with Bose-Einstein condensate: Fluctuations of the number of particles for the dilute interacting gas with\nBose-Einstein condensate are considered. It is shown that in the Bogolubov\ntheory these fluctuations are normal. The fluctuations of condensed as well as\nnoncondensed particles are also normal both in canonical and grand canonical\nensembles.",
        "positive": "Low-temperature spectrum of correlation lengths of the XXZ chain in the\n  antiferromagnetic massive regime: We consider the spectrum of correlation lengths of the spin-$\\frac{1}{2}$ XXZ\nchain in the antiferromagnetic massive regime. These are given as ratios of\neigenvalues of the quantum transfer matrix of the model. The eigenvalues are\ndetermined by integrals over certain auxiliary functions and by their zeros.\nThe auxiliary functions satisfy nonlinear integral equations. We analyse these\nnonlinear integral equations in the low-temperature limit. In this limit we can\ndetermine the auxiliary functions and the expressions for the eigenvalues as\nfunctions of a finite number of parameters which satisfy finite sets of\nalgebraic equations, the so-called higher-level Bethe Ansatz equations. The\nbehaviour of these equations, if we send the temperature $T$ to zero, is\ndifferent for zero and non-zero magnetic field $h$. If $h$ is zero the\nsituation is much like in the case of the usual transfer matrix. Non-trivial\nhigher-level Bethe Ansatz equations remain which determine certain complex\nexcitation parameters as functions of hole parameters which are free on a line\nsegment in the complex plane. If $h$ is non-zero, on the other hand, a\nremarkable restructuring occurs, and all parameters which enter the description\nof the quantum transfer matrix eigenvalues can be interpreted entirely in terms\nof particles and holes which are freely located on two curves when $T$ goes to\nzero."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations in partitioning systems with few degrees of freedom: We study the behavior of a moving wall in contact with a particle gas and\nsubjected to an external force. We compare the fluctuations of the system\nobserved in the microcanonical and canonical ensembles, at varying the number\nof particles. Static and dynamic correlations signal significant differences\nbetween the two ensembles. Furthermore, velocity-velocity correlations of the\nmoving wall present a complex two-time relaxation which cannot be reproduced by\na standard Langevin-like description. Quite remarkably, increasing the number\nof gas particles in an elongated geometry, we find a typical timescale, related\nto the interaction between the partitioning wall and the particles, which grows\nmacroscopically.",
        "positive": "Polarization kinetics in ferroelectrics with regard to fluctuations: Polarization in ferroelectrics, described by the Landau-Ginzburg Hamiltonian,\nis considered, based on a multi-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation. This\nformulation describes the time evolution of the probability distribution\nfunction over the polarization field configurations in the presence of a time\ndependent external field. The Fokker-Planck equation in a Fourier\nrepresentation is obtained, which can then be solved numerically for a finite\nnumber of modes. Calculation results are presented for one and three modes.\nThese results show the hysteresis of the mean polarization as well as that of\nthe mean squared gradient of the polarization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Explosive Percolation: Unusual Transitions of a Simple Model: In this paper we review the recent advances on explosive percolation, a very\nsharp phase transition first observed by Achlioptas et al. (Science, 2009).\nThere a simple model was proposed, which changed slightly the classical\npercolation process so that the emergence of the spanning cluster is delayed.\nThis slight modification turns out to have a great impact on the percolation\nphase transition. The resulting transition is so sharp that it was termed\nexplosive, and it was at first considered to be discontinuous. This surprising\nfact stimulated considerable interest in \"Achlioptas processes\". Later work,\nhowever, showed that the transition is continuous (at least for Achlioptas\nprocesses on Erdos networks), but with very unusual finite size scaling. We\npresent a review of the field, indicate open \"problems\" and propose directions\nfor future research.",
        "positive": "Critical Dynamical Exponent of the Two-Dimensional Scalar $\u03c6^4$ Model\n  with Local Moves: We study the scalar one-component two-dimensional (2D) $\\phi^4$ model by\ncomputer simulations, with local Metropolis moves. The equilibrium exponents of\nthis model are well-established, e.g. for the 2D $\\phi^4$ model $\\gamma= 1.75$\nand $\\nu= 1$. The model has also been conjectured to belong to the Ising\nuniversality class. However, the value of the critical dynamical exponent $z_c$\nis not settled. In this paper, we obtain $z_c$ for the 2D $\\phi^4$ model using\ntwo independent methods: (a) by calculating the relative terminal exponential\ndecay time $\\tau$ for the correlation function $\\langle \\phi(t)\\phi(0)\\rangle$,\nand thereafter fitting the data as $\\tau \\sim L^{z_c}$, where $L$ is the system\nsize, and (b) by measuring the anomalous diffusion exponent for the order\nparameter, viz., the mean-square displacement (MSD) $\\langle \\Delta\n\\phi^2(t)\\rangle\\sim t^c$ as $c=\\gamma/(\\nu z_c)$, and from the numerically\nobtained value $c\\approx 0.80$, we calculate $z_c$. For different values of the\ncoupling constant $\\lambda$, we report that $z_c=2.17\\pm0.03$ and\n$z_c=2.19\\pm0.03$ for the two methods respectively. Our results indicate that\n$z_c$ is independent of $\\lambda$, and is likely identical to that for the 2D\nIsing model. Additionally, we demonstrate that the Generalised Langevin\nEquation (GLE) formulation with a memory kernel, identical to those applicable\nfor the Ising model and polymeric systems, consistently capture the observed\nanomalous diffusion behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tsallis distribution from minimally selected order statistics: We demonstrate that selection of the minimal value of ordered variables leads\nin a natural way to its distribution being given by the Tsallis distribution,\nthe same as that resulting from Tsallis nonextensive statistics. The possible\napplication of this result to the multiparticle production processes is\nindicated.",
        "positive": "Semiclassical theory of the quasi two-dimensional trapped Bose gas: We discuss the quasi two-dimensional trapped Bose gas where the thermal\noccupation of excited states in the tightly confined direction is small but\nremains finite in the thermodynamic limit. We show that the semiclassical\ntheory describes very accurately the density profile obtained by Quantum Monte\nCarlo calculations in the normal phase above the Kosterlitz--Thouless\ntemperature T_KT, but differs strongly from the predictions of strictly\ntwo-dimensional mean-field theory, even at relatively high temperature. We\ndiscuss the relevance of our findings for analyzing ultra-cold-atom experiments\nin quasi two-dimensional traps."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-Organized Percolation Power Laws with and without Fractal Geometry\n  in the Etching of Random Solids: Classically, percolation critical exponents are linked to the power laws that\ncharacterize percolation cluster fractal properties. It is found here that the\ngradient percolation power laws are conserved even for extreme gradient values\nfor which the frontier of the infinite cluster is no more fractal. In\nparticular the exponent 7/4 which was recently demonstrated to be the exact\nvalue for the dimension of the so-called \"hull\" or external perimeter of the\nincipient percolation cluster, controls the width and length of gradient\npercolation frontiers whatever the gradient magnitude. This behavior is\nextended to previous model studies of etching by a finite volume of etching\nsolution in contact with a disordered solid. In such a model, the dynamics stop\nspontaneously on an equilibrium self-similar surface similar to the fractal\nfrontier of gradient percolation. It is shown that the power laws describing\nthe system geometry involves also the fractal dimension of the percolation\nhull, whatever the value of the dynamically generated gradient, i.e. even for a\nnon-fractal frontier. The comparison between numerical results and the exact\nresults that can be obtained analytically for extreme values of the gradient\nsuggests that there exist a unique power law valid from the smallest possible\nscale up to infinity. These results suggest the possible existence of an\nunderlying conservation law, relating the length and the statistical width of\npercolation gradient frontiers.",
        "positive": "Hong et al reply to Canul-Chay et al: Canul-Chay et al. [1] have conducted the segregation experiment of binary\ngranular mixtures in a bed and subjected the bed to vibration. They report that\nthe reverse Brazil-Nut phenomenon (RBNP) was never observed in their\nexperiments and thus conclude that such does not exist. However, we have\nclearly demonstrated in [2] by Molecular Dynamics simulations that the reverse\nBrazil-Nut problem not only exists, but can be determined from the solid-liquid\nphase boundary by a scaling theory for the crossover from RBNP. Hence, instead\nof disputing Canul-Chay et al.'s sound experimental results [1], in this reply\nwe want to draw the reader's attention to the experimental set up and the\ninterpretation of the experimental results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fate of Ising ferromagnets and antiferromagnets by zero-temperature\n  Glauber dynamics on the two-dimensional Archimedean and 2-uniform lattices: The fate of the Ising ferromagnet and antiferromagnet by the zero-temperature\nGlauber dynamics from random initial spin configuration is investigated in the\ntwo-dimensional Archimedean and 2-uniform lattices. Blinker states are found in\naddition to the ground state and metastable state. We show that an\neven-coordinated lattice can arrive at a blinker state or a metastable state\nwithout stripe structure, in contrast to common expectation. The universal\nrelationship between the critical percolation and the probability of stripe\nfinal state is confirmed for six lattices. Results about the fate of the\nantiferromagnetic Ising model show that the geometric frustration suppresses\nordering more and promotes blinker state.",
        "positive": "Optimal thermodynamic uncertainty relation in Markov jump processes: We investigate the tightness and optimality of\nthermodynamic-uncertainty-relation (TUR)-type inequalities from two aspects,\nthe choice of the Fisher information and the class of possible observables. We\nshow that there exists the best choice of the Fisher information, given by the\npseudo entropy production, and all other TUR-type inequalities in a certain\nclass can be reproduced by this tightest inequality. We also demonstrate that\nif we observe not only generalized currents but generalized empirical measures,\nthe TUR-type inequality becomes optimal in the sense that it achieves its\nequality in general nonequilibrium stationary systems. Combining these results,\nwe can draw a hierarchical structure of TUR-type inequalities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New duality relation for the Discrete Gaussian SOS model on a torus: We construct a new duality for two-dimensional Discrete Gaussian models. It\nis based on a known one-dimensional duality and on a mapping, implied by the\nChinese remainder theorem, between the sites of an $N\\times M$ torus and those\nof a ring of $NM$ sites. The duality holds for an arbitrary translation\ninvariant interaction potential $v(\\mathbf{r})$ between the height variables on\nthe torus. It leads to pairs $(v,\\widetilde{v})$ of mutually dual potentials\nand to a temperature inversion according to $\\widetilde{\\beta}=\\pi^2/\\beta$.\nWhen $v(\\mathbf{r})$ is isotropic, duality renders an anisotropic\n$\\widetilde{v}$. This is the case, in particular, for the potential that is\ndual to an isotropic nearest-neighbor potential. In the thermodynamic limit\nthis dual potential is shown to decay with distance according to an inverse\nsquare law with a quadrupolar angular dependence. There is a single pair of\nself-dual potentials $v^\\star=\\widetilde{v^\\star}$. At the self-dual\ntemperature $\\beta^\\star=\\widetilde{\\beta^\\star}=\\pi$ the height-height\ncorrelation can be calculated explicitly; it is anisotropic and diverges\nlogarithmically with distance.",
        "positive": "Exact solution of weighted partially directed walks crossing a square: We consider partially directed walks crossing a $L\\times L$ square weighted\naccording to their length by a fugacity $t$. The exact solution of this model\nis computed in three different ways, depending on whether $t$ is less than,\nequal to or greater than 1. In all cases a complete expression for the dominant\nasymptotic behaviour of the partition function is calculated. The model admits\na dilute to dense phase transition, where for $0 < t < 1$ the partition\nfunction scales exponentially in $L$ whereas for $t>1$ the partition function\nscales exponentially in $L^2$, and when $t=1$ there is an intermediate scaling\nwhich is exponential in $L \\log{L}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac distributions in nonextensive quantum\n  statistics: Exact and interpolation approaches: Generalized Bose-Einstein (BE) and Fermi-Dirac (FD) distributions in\nnonextensive quantum statistics have been discussed by the maximum-entropy\nmethod (MEM) with the optimum Lagrange multiplier based on the exact integral\nrepresentation [Rajagopal, Mendes, and Lenzi, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 80}, 3907\n(1998)]. It has been shown that the $(q-1)$ expansion in the exact approach\nagrees with the result obtained by the asymptotic approach valid for $O(q-1)$.\nModel calculations have been made with a uniform density of states for\nelectrons and with the Debye model for phonons. Based on the result of the\nexact approach, we have proposed the {\\it interpolation approximation} to the\ngeneralized distributions, which yields results in agreement with the exact\napproach within $O(q-1)$ and in high- and low-temperature limits. By using the\nfour methods of the exact, interpolation, factorization and superstatistical\napproaches, we have calculated coefficients in the generalized Sommerfeld\nexpansion, and electronic and phonon specific heats at low temperatures. A\ncomparison among the four methods has shown that the interpolation\napproximation is potentially useful in the nonextensive quantum statistics.\nSupplementary discussions have been made on the $(q-1)$ expansion of the\ngeneralized distributions based on the exact approach with the use of the\nun-normalized MEM, whose results also agree with those of the asymptotic\napproach.",
        "positive": "Self-similar formation of an inverse cascade in vibrating elastic plates: The dynamics of random weakly nonlinear waves is studied in the framework of\nvibrating thin elastic plates. Although it has been previously predicted that\nno stationary inverse cascade of constant wave action flux could exist in the\nframework of wave turbulence for elastic plates, we present substantial\nevidence of the existence of {\\gr a time dependent} inverse cascade, opening up\nthe possibility of self organization for a larger class of systems. This\ninverse cascade transports the spectral density of the amplitude of the waves\nfrom short up to large scales, increasing the distribution of long waves\ndespite the short wave fluctuations. This dynamics appears to be self-similar\nand possesses a power law behaviour in the short wavelength limit which is\nsignificantly different from the exponent obtained via a Kolmogorov dimensional\nanalysis argument. Finally, we show explicitly a tendency to build a long wave\ncoherent structure in finite time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Prime Suspects in a Quantum Ladder: In this Letter we set up a suggestive number theory interpretation of a\nquantum ladder system made of N coupled chains of spin 1/2. Using the hard-core\nboson representation and a leg-Hamiltonian made of a magnetic field and a\nhopping term, we can associate to the spins $s_a$ the prime numbers $p_a$ so\nthat the chains become quantum registers for square-free integers. The rung\nHamiltonian involves permutation terms between next neighborhood chains and a\ncoprime repulsive interaction. The system has various phases; in particular\nthere is one whose ground state is a coherent superposition of the first N\nprime numbers. We also discuss the realization of such a model in terms of an\nopen quantum system with a dissipative Lindblad dynamics.",
        "positive": "Space-time renormalization in phase transition dynamics: When a system is driven across a quantum critical point at a constant rate\nits evolution must become non-adiabatic as the relaxation time $\\tau$ diverges\nat the critical point. According to the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM), the\nemerging post-transition excited state is characterized by a finite correlation\nlength $\\hat\\xi$ set at the time $\\hat t=\\hat \\tau$ when the critical slowing\ndown makes it impossible for the system to relax to the equilibrium defined by\nchanging parameters. This observation naturally suggests a dynamical scaling\nsimilar to renormalization familiar from the equilibrium critical phenomena. We\nprovide evidence for such KZM-inspired spatiotemporal scaling by investigating\nan exact solution of the transverse field quantum Ising chain in the\nthermodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition on regular and Villain types\n  of $q$-state clock models: We study $q$-state clock models of regular and Villain types with $q=5,6$\nusing cluster-spin updates and observed double transitions in each model. We\ncalculate the correlation ratio and size-dependent correlation length as\nquantities for characterizing the existence of Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless\n(BKT) phase and its transitions by large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. We\ndiscuss the advantage of correlation ratio in comparison to other commonly used\nquantities in probing BKT transition. Using finite size scaling of BKT type\ntransition, we estimate transition temperatures and corresponding exponents.\nThe comparison between the results from both types revealed that the existing\ntransitions belong to BKT universality.",
        "positive": "Particle Statistics, Frustration, and Ground-State Energy: We study the connections among particle statistics, frustration, and\nground-state energy in quantum many-particle systems. In the absence of\ninteraction, the influence of particle statistics on the ground-state energy is\ntrivial: the ground-state energy of noninteracting bosons is lower than that of\nfree fermions because of Bose-Einstein condensation and Pauli exclusion\nprinciple. In the presence of hard-core or other interaction, however, the\ncomparison is not trivial. Nevertheless, the ground-state energy of hard-core\nbosons is proved to be lower than that of spinless fermions, if all the hopping\namplitudes are nonnegative. The condition can be understood as the absence of\nfrustration among hoppings. By mapping the many-body Hamiltonian to a\ntight-binding model on a fictitious lattice, we show that the Fermi statistics\nof the original particles introduces an effective magnetic flux in the\nfictitious lattice. The latter can be regarded as a frustration, since it leads\nto a destructive interference among different paths along which a single\nparticle is propagating. If we introduce hopping frustration, the hopping\nfrustration is expected to compete with \"effective frustration\", leading to the\npossibility that the ground-state energy of hard-core bosons can be higher than\nthat of fermions. We present several examples, in which the ground-state energy\nof hard-core bosons is proved to be higher than that of fermions due to the\nhopping frustration. The basic ideas were reported in a recent Letter [W.-X.\nNie, H. Katsura, and M. Oshikawa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 100402 (2013)]; more\ndetails and several extensions, including one to the spinful case, are\ndiscussed in the present paper."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality of Fluctuation-Dissipation Ratios: The Ferromagnetic Model: We calculate analytically the fluctuation-dissipation ratio (FDR) for Ising\nferromagnets quenched to criticality, both for the long-range model and its\nshort-range analogue in the limit of large dimension. Our exact solution shows\nthat, for both models, $X^\\infty=1/2$ if the system is unmagnetized while\n$X^\\infty=4/5$ if the initial magnetization is non-zero. This indicates that\ntwo different classes of critical coarsening dynamics need to be distinguished\ndepending on the initial conditions, each with its own nontrivial FDR. We also\nanalyze the dependence of the FDR on whether local and global observables are\nused. These results clarify how a proper local FDR (and the corresponding\neffective temperature) should be defined in long-range models in order to avoid\nspurious inconsistencies and maintain the expected correspondence between local\nand global results; global observables turn out to be far more robust tools for\ndetecting non-equilibrium FDRs.",
        "positive": "Feshbach Spectroscopy of a Shape Resonance: We present a new spectroscopy technique for studying cold-collision\nproperties. The technique is based on the association and dissociation of\nultracold molecules using a magnetically tunable Feshbach resonance. The energy\nand lifetime of a shape resonance are determined from a measurement of the\ndissociation rate. Additional spectroscopic information is obtained from the\nobservation of a spatial interference pattern between an outgoing s wave and d\nwave. The experimental data agree well with the results from a new model, in\nwhich the dissociation process is connected to a scattering gedanken\nexperiment, which is analyzed using a coupled-channels calculation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Operator thermalization vs eigenstate thermalization: We study the characteristics of thermalizing and non-thermalizing operators\nin integrable theories as we turn on a non-integrable deformation.\nSpecifically, we show that $\\sigma^z$, an operator that thermalizes in the\nintegrable transverse field Ising model, has mean matrix elements that resemble\nETH, but with fluctuations around the mean that are sharply suppressed. This\nsuppression rapidly dwindles as the Ising model becomes non-integrable by the\nturning on of a longitudinal field. We also construct a non-thermalizing\noperator in the integrable regime, which slowly approaches the ETH form as the\ntheory becomes non-integrable. At intermediate values of the non-integrable\ndeformation, one distinguishes a perturbatively long relaxation time for this\noperator.",
        "positive": "Proper ferroelastic phase transitions in thin epitaxial films with\n  symmetry-conserving and symmetry-breaking misfit strains: We study how the ferroelastic domain structure sets in in an epitaxial film\nof a material with second order proper ferroelastic transition. The domain\nstructures considered are similar to either $a_{1}/a_{2}/a_{1}/a_{2}$ or\n$c/a/c/a$ structures in perovskite ferroelectrics. If the \"extrinsic\" misfit\nstrain, not associated with the transition, does not break the symmetry of the\nhigh-temperature phase, the phase transition in the film occurs at somewhat\nlower temperature compared to the bulk. The loss of stability then occurs with\nrespect to a sinusoidal strain wave, which evolves into the domain structure\nwith practically the same geometry and approximately the same period. In the\npresence of the symmetry-breaking component of the misfit strain (\"extrinsic\"\nmisfit) the character of the phase transition is qualitatively different. In\nthis case it is a {\\em topological} transition between single-domain and\nmulti-domain states, which starts from a low density of the domain walls."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal protocols for minimal work processes in underdamped stochastic\n  thermodynamics: For systems in an externally controllable time-dependent potential, the\noptimal protocol minimizes the mean work spent in a finite-time transition\nbetween two given equilibrium states. For overdamped dynamics which ignores\ninertia effects, the optimal protocol has been found to involve jumps of the\ncontrol parameter at the beginning and end of the process. Including the\ninertia term, we show that this feature not only persists but that even delta\npeak-like changes of the control parameter at both boundaries make the process\noptimal. These results are obtained by analyzing two simple paradigmatic cases:\nFirst, a Brownian particle dragged by a harmonic optical trap through a viscous\nfluid and, second, a Brownian particle subject to an optical trap with\ntime-dependent stiffness. These insights could be used to improve free energy\ncalculations via either thermodynamic integration or \"fast growth\" methods\nusing Jarzynski's equality.",
        "positive": "From Lindblad master equations to Langevin dynamics and back: A case study of the non-equilibrium dynamics of open quantum systems in the\nmarkovian approximation is presented for two dynamical models based on a single\nharmonic oscillator in an external field. Specified through distinct forms of\nohmic damping, their quantum Langevin equations are derived from an identical\nset of physical criteria, namely the canonical commutator between position and\nmomentum, the Kubo formula, the virial theorem and the quantum equilibrium\nvariance. The associated Lindblad equations are derived but only one of them is\ncompletely positive. Transforming those into Fokker-Planck equations for the\nWigner functions, both models are shown to evolve towards the same Gibbs state,\nfor a vanishing external field. The phenomenological differences between the\nmodels are illustrated through their quantum relaxations and through the phase\ndiagrammes derived from their re-interpretation as mean-field approximations of\nan interacting many-body system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation Transitions in Scale-Free Networks under Achlioptas Process: It has been recently shown that the percolation transition is discontinuous\nin Erd\\H{o}s-R\\'enyi networks and square lattices in two dimensions under the\nAchlioptas Process (AP). Here, we show that when the structure is highly\nheterogeneous as in scale-free networks, a discontinuous transition does not\nalways occur: a continuous transition is also possible depending on the degree\ndistribution of the scale-free network. This originates from the competition\nbetween the AP that discourages the formation of a giant component and the\nexistence of hubs that encourages it. We also estimate the value of the\ncharacteristic degree exponent that separates the two transition types.",
        "positive": "Finite time thermodynamics for a single level quantum dot: We investigate the finite time thermodynamics of a single-level fermion\nsystem interacting with a thermal reservoir through a tunneling junction. The\noptimal protocol to extract the maximum work from the system when moving the\nsingle energy level between an initial higher value and a final lower value in\na finite time is calculated from a quantum master equation. The calculation\nalso yields the optimal protocol to raise the energy level with the expenditure\nof the least amount of work on the system. The optimal protocol displays\ndiscontinuous jumps at the initial and final times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On polynomials interpolating between the stationary state of a O(n)\n  model and a Q.H.E. ground state: We obtain a family of polynomials defined by vanishing conditions and\nassociated to tangles. We study more specifically the case where they are\nrelated to a O(n) loop model. We conjecture that their specializations at\n$z_i=1$ are {\\it positive} in $n$. At $n=1$, they coincide with the the\nRazumov-Stroganov integers counting alternating sign matrices.\n  We derive the CFT modular invariant partition functions labelled by\nCoxeter-Dynkin diagrams using the representation theory of the affine Hecke\nalgebras.",
        "positive": "The structure of networks that evolve under a combination of growth, via\n  node addition and random attachment, and contraction, via random node\n  deletion: We present analytical results for the emerging structure of networks that\nevolve via a combination of growth (by node addition and random attachment) and\ncontraction (by random node deletion). To this end we consider a network model\nin which at each time step a node addition and random attachment step takes\nplace with probability $P_{add}$ and a random node deletion step takes place\nwith probability $P_{del}=1-P_{add}$. The balance between the growth and\ncontraction processes is captured by the parameter $\\eta=P_{add}-P_{del}$. The\ncase of pure network growth is described by $\\eta=1$. In case that $0<\\eta<1$\nthe rate of node addition exceeds the rate of node deletion and the overall\nprocess is of network growth. In the opposite case, where $-1<\\eta<0$, the\noverall process is of network contraction, while in the special case of\n$\\eta=0$ the expected size of the network remains fixed, apart from\nfluctuations. Using the master equation we obtain a closed form expression for\nthe time dependent degree distribution $P_t(k)$. The degree distribution\n$P_t(k)$ includes a term that depends on the initial degree distribution\n$P_0(k)$, which decays as time evolves, and an asymptotic distribution\n$P_{st}(k)$. In the case of pure network growth ($\\eta=1$) the asymptotic\ndistribution $P_{st}(k)$ follows an exponential distribution, while for\n$-1<\\eta<1$ it consists of a sum of Poisson-like terms and exhibits a\nPoisson-like tail. In the case of overall network growth ($0 < \\eta < 1$) the\ndegree distribution $P_t(k)$ eventually converges to $P_{st}(k)$. In the case\nof overall network contraction ($-1 < \\eta < 0$) we identify two different\nregimes. For $-1/3 < \\eta < 0$ the degree distribution $P_t(k)$ quickly\nconverges towards $P_{st}(k)$. In contrast, for $-1 < \\eta < -1/3$ the\nconvergence of $P_t(k)$ is initially very slow and it gets closer to\n$P_{st}(k)$ only shortly before the network vanishes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical states in Political Trends. How much reliable is a poll on\n  Twitter? A study by means of the Potts Model: In recent years, Twitter data related to political trends have tentatively\nbeen used to make predictions (poll) about several electoral events. Given $q$\ncandidates for an election and a time-series of Twitts (short messages), one\ncan extract the $q$ mean trends and the $q(q+1)/2$ Twitt-to-Twitt correlations,\nand look for the statistical models that reproduce these data. On the base of\nseveral electoral events and assuming a stationary regime, we find out the\nfollowing: i) the maximization of the entropy singles out a microscopic model\n(single-Twitt-level) that coincides with a $q$-state Potts model having\nsuitable couplings and external fields to be determined via an inverse problem\nfrom the two sets of data; ii) correlations decay as $1/N_{eff}$, where\n$N_{eff}$ is a small fraction of the mean number of Twitts; iii) the simplest\nstatistical models that reproduce these correlations are the multinomial\ndistribution (MD), characterized by $q$ external fields, and the mean-field\nPotts model (MFP), characterized by one coupling; iv) remarkably, this coupling\nturns out to be always close to its critical value. This results in a MD or MFP\nmodel scenario that discriminates between cases in which polls are reliable and\nnot reliable, respectively. More precisely, predictions based on polls should\nbe avoided whenever the data maps to a MFP because anomalous large fluctuations\n(if $q=2$) or sudden jumps (if $q\\geq 3$) in the trends might take place as a\nresult of a second-order or a first-order phase transition of the MFP,\nrespectively.",
        "positive": "Three-dimensional non-equilibrium Potts systems with magnetic friction: We study the non-equilibrium steady states that emerge when two interacting\nthree-dimensional Potts blocks slide on each other. As at equilibrium the Potts\nmodel exhibits different types of phase transitions for different numbers $q$\nof spin states, we consider the following three cases: $q=2$ (i.e. the Ising\ncase), $q=3$, and $q=9$, which at equilibrium yield respectively a second order\nphase transition, a weak first order transition and a strong first order\ntransition. In our study we focus on the anisotropic character of the steady\nstates that result from the relative motion and discuss the change in\nfinite-size signatures when changing the number $q$ of spin states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Why Do We Believe in the Second Law?: Claims of exceptions to the second law of thermodynamics are generally met\nwith extreme skepticism that is quite reasonable given the great confidence\nplaced in the second law. But what specifically is the basis for that\nconfidence? The perspective from which we approach experimental or theoretical\nresults that call into question the absolute status of the second law depends\ngreatly on our understanding of why it must be true. For example, a belief that\nthere are solid theoretical arguments demonstrating that the second law must be\ntrue leads to a very different perspective than a belief that the law is simply\na generalization of empirical observations. This paper will briefly survey and\nexamine some of the basic arguments on which our confidence in the second law\nmight be based, to help provide a well-informed perspective for evaluating the\nvarious claims presented at this conference.",
        "positive": "Universal fluctuations of global geometrical measurements in planar\n  clusters: We characterize universal features of the sample-to-sample fluctuations of\nglobal geometrical observables, such as the area, width, length, and\ncenter-of-mass position, in random growing planar clusters. Our examples are\ntaken from simulations of both continuous and discrete models of kinetically\nrough interfaces, including several universality classes, such as\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang. We mostly focus on the scaling behavior with time of the\nsample-to-sample deviation for those global magnitudes, but we have also\ncharacterized their histograms and correlations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A kinetic approach to granular gases: We address the problem of the so-called ``granular gases'', i.e. gases of\nmassive particles in rapid movement undergoing inelastic collisions. We\nintroduce a class of models of driven granular gases for which the stationary\nstate is the result of the balance between the dissipation and the random\nforces which inject energies. These models exhibit a genuine thermodynamic\nlimit, i.e. at fixed density the mean values of kinetic energy and dissipated\nenergy per particle are independent of the number $N$ of particles, for large\nvalues of $N$. One has two regimes: when the typical relaxation time $\\tau$ of\nthe driving Brownian process is small compared with the mean collision time\n$\\tau_c$ the spatial density is nearly homogeneous and the velocity probability\ndistribution is gaussian. In the opposite limit $\\tau \\gg \\tau_c$ one has\nstrong spatial clustering, with a fractal distribution of particles, and the\nvelocity probability distribution strongly deviates from the gaussian one.\nSimulations performed in one and two dimensions under the {\\it Stosszahlansatz}\nBoltzmann approximation confirm the scenario. Furthermore we analyze the\ninstabilities bringing to the spatial and the velocity clusterization. Firstly,\nin the framework of a mean-field model, we explain how the existence of the\ninelasticity can bring to a spatial clusterization; on the other side we\ndiscuss, in the framework of a Langevin dynamics treating the collisions in a\nmean-field way, how a non-gaussian distribution of velocity can arise. The\ncomparison between the numerical and the analytical results exhibits an\nexcellent agreement.",
        "positive": "Power law tails of time correlations in a mesoscopic fluid model: In a quenched mesoscopic fluid, modelling transport processes at high\ndensities, we perform computer simulations of the single particle energy\nautocorrelation function C_e(t), which is essentially a return probability.\nThis is done to test the predictions for power law tails, obtained from mode\ncoupling theory. We study both off and on-lattice systems in one- and\ntwo-dimensions. The predicted long time tail ~ t^{-d/2} is in excellent\nagreement with the results of computer simulations. We also account for finite\nsize effects, such that smaller systems are fully covered by the present theory\nas well."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions on Markovian bipartite graphs - an application of the\n  zero-range process: We analyze the existence and the size of the giant component in the\nstationary state of a Markovian model for bipartite multigraphs, in which the\nmovement of the edge ends on one set of vertices of the bipartite graph is a\nzero-range process, the degrees being static on the other set. The analysis is\nbased on approximations by independent variables and on the results of Molloy\nand Reed for graphs with prescribed degree sequences. The possible types of\nphase diagrams are identified by studying the behavior below the zero-range\ncondensation point. As a specific example, we consider the so-called Evans\ninteraction. In particular, we examine the values of a critical exponent,\ndescribing the growth of the giant component as the value of the dilution\nparameter controlling the connectivity is increased above the critical\nthreshold. Rigorous analysis spans a large portion of the parameter space of\nthe model exactly at the point of zero-range condensation. These results,\nsupplemented with conjectures supported by Monte Carlo simulations, suggest\nthat the phenomenological Landau theory for percolation on graphs is not broken\nby the fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Quenching the magnetic flux in 1d fermionic ring: Loschmidt echo and\n  edge singularity: We consider the non-equilibrium dynamics of a system of interacting massless\nfermions in a ring threaded by a magnetic flux. We focus on the quench where\nthe flux is initially vanishing and is then turned on. We show that the\ndefinition of the limit of abrupt quench is problematic due to the presence of\ngauge invariance that has to be taken into account. We then propose a specific\nprotocol where the dynamics is non-trivial. Employing techniques coming from\nthe Algebraic Bethe-Ansatz, we present an exact formula for the Loschmidt echo\nvalid at all times as a Fredholm determinant at the free fermionic point. From\nthe analysis of the asymptotic behavior of the Fredholm determinant, we show\nthat the distribution of work done at small energies present an edge\nsingularity whose exponent can be explicitly computed. Using the correspondence\nbetween the edge singularity and the decay of the fidelity at finite-size we\npropose a general formula for the exponent valid also in the interacting case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boltzmann Temperature in out-of-equilibrium lattice gas: We investigate the quench of Ising and Potts models via Monte Carlo dynamics,\nand find that the distribution of the site-site interaction energy has the same\nform as in the equilibrium case. This form directly derives from the Boltzmann\nstatistics and allows to measure the instantaneous temperature during the\nsystems relaxation. We find that, after an undercritical quench, the system\nequilibrates in a finite time at the heatbath temperature, while the energy\nstill decreases due to the coarsening process.",
        "positive": "Response of Glass and Liquid Phases in the Vortex lattice to an external\n  AC magnetic field at different frequencies: We individuated a method to distinguish a glass phase from a highly viscous\nliquid phase in a lattice of vortices, established in type-two superconductors.\nOur analysis is based on the study of the temperature dependence of numerically\nobtained 1st and 3rd harmonics curves of the AC magnetic susceptibility, by\nchanging the frequency of the applied AC magnetic field. The harmonics are\nobtained by integrating the non-linear diffusion equation for the magnetic\nfield, with different voltage-current characteristics, corresponding to the two\ndifferent phases. This method could be applied to the analysis of experimental\ncurves in order to determine if the detected magnetic response of\nsuperconducting samples may be interpreted in terms of vortex glass or\nKim-Anderson model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time walkers and spatial dynamics of ageing information: The distribution of information is essential for living system's ability to\ncoordinate and adapt. Random walkers are often used to model this distribution\nprocess and, in doing so, one effectively assumes that information maintains\nits relevance over time. But the value of information in social and biological\nsystems often decay and must continuously be updated. To capture the spatial\ndynamics of ageing information, we introduce time walkers. A time walker moves\nlike a random walker, but interacts with traces left by other walkers, some\nrepresenting older information, some newer. The traces forms a navigable\ninformation landscape. We quantify the dynamical properties of time walkers\nmoving on a two-dimensional lattice and the quality of the information\nlandscape generated by their movements. We visualise the self-similar landscape\nas a river network, and show that searching in this landscape is superior to\nrandom searching and scales as the length of loop-erased random walks.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Detailed Fluctuation Theorem for Repeated Discrete\n  Feedback: We extend the framework of forward and reverse processes commonly utilized in\nthe derivation and analysis of the nonequilibrium work relations to\nthermodynamic processes with repeated discrete feedback. Within this framework,\nwe derive a generalization of the detailed fluctuation theorem, which is\nmodified by the addition of a term that quantifies the change in uncertainty\nabout the microscopic state of the system upon making measurements of physical\nobservables during feedback. As an application, we extend two nonequilibrium\nwork relations: the nonequilibrium work fluctuation theorem and the\nrelative-entropy work relation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two coupled, driven Ising spin systems working as an Engine: Miniaturized heat engines constitutes a fascinating field of current\nresearch. They are being studied theoretically as well as experimentally, with\nexperiments involving colloidal particles and harmonic traps and even bacterial\nbaths acting like thermal baths. They are interesting to study because usual\nequilibrium thermodynamic notions can not be applied directly to these systems.\nThese systems are micron sized or even smaller and they are subjected to laud\nthermal fluctuations. Thus one needs to study the behavior of such systems in\nterms of these fluctuations. Average thermodynamic quantities like work done,\nheat exchanged, efficiency loose meaning unless otherwise supported by their\nfull probability distributions. Earlier studies on micro-engines are concerned\nwith applying Carnot or Stirling engine protocols to miniaturized systems,\nwhere system undergoes typical two isothermal and two adiabatic changes. Unlike\nthese models we for the first time, study a prototype system of two classical\nIsing spins driven by time dependent, phase different, external magnetic\nfields. These spins are {\\it simultaneously} in contact with two heat\nreservoirs at different temperatures for the full duration of the driving\nprotocol. Performance of the model as an engine or a refrigerator depends only\non a single parameter namely the phase between two external drivings. We study\nthis system in terms of fluctuations in efficiency and coefficient of\nperformance (COP). We also find full distributions of these quantities\nnumerically and also study the tails of these distributions. We also study\nreliability of this engine. We find the fluctuations dominate mean values of\nefficiency and COP and their probability distributions are broad with power law\ntails.",
        "positive": "Nonextensive statistics and incomplete information: We comment on some open questions and theoretical peculiarities in Tsallis\nnonextensive statistical mechanics. It is shown that the theoretical basis of\nthe successful Tsallis' generalized exponential distribution shows some\nworrying properties with the conventional normalization and the escort\nprobability. These theoretical difficulties may be avoided by introducing an so\ncalled incomplete normalization allowing to deduce Tsallis' generalized\ndistribution in a more convincing and consistent way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Minimal entropy production in the presence of anisotropic fluctuations: Anisotropy in temperature, chemical potential, or ion concentration, provides\nthe fuel that feeds dynamical processes that sustain life. At the same time,\nanisotropy is a root cause of incurred losses manifested as entropy production.\nIn this work we consider a rudimentary model of an overdamped stochastic\nthermodynamic system in an anisotropic temperature heat bath, and study minimum\nentropy production when driving the system between thermodynamic states in\nfinite time. While entropy production in isotropic temperature environments can\nbe expressed in terms of the length (in the Wasserstein-2 metric) traversed by\nthe thermodynamic state of the system, anisotropy complicates substantially the\nmechanism of entropy production since, besides dissipation, seepage of energy\nbetween ambient anisotropic heat sources by way of the system dynamics is often\na major contributing factor. A key result of the paper is to show that in the\npresence of anisotropy, minimization of entropy production can once again be\nexpressed via a modified Optimal Mass Transport (OMT) problem. However, in\ncontrast to the isotropic situation that leads to a classical OMT problem and a\nWasserstein length, entropy production may not be identically zero when the\nthermodynamic state remains unchanged (unless one has control over\nnon-conservative forces); this is due to the fact that maintaining a\nNon-Equilibrium Steady-State (NESS) incurs an intrinsic entropic cost that can\nbe traced back to a seepage of heat between heat baths. As alluded to, NESSs\nrepresent hallmarks of life, since living matter by necessity operates far from\nequilibrium. Therefore, the question studied herein, to characterize minimal\nentropy production in anisotropic environments, appears of central importance\nin biological processes and on how such processes may have evolved to optimize\nfor available usage of resources.",
        "positive": "Anomalous scaling of a passive vector field in $d$ dimensions:\n  Higher-order structure functions: The problem of anomalous scaling in the model of a transverse vector field\n$\\theta_{i}(t,x)$ passively advected by the non-Gaussian, correlated in time\nturbulent velocity field governed by the Navier--Stokes equation, is studied by\nmeans of the field-theoretic renormalization group and operator product\nexpansion. The anomalous exponents of the $2n$-th order structure function\n$S_{2n}(r) = <[\\theta(t,x) - \\theta (t,x+ r)]^{2n}>$, where $\\theta$ is the\ncomponent of the vector field parallel to the separation $r$, are determined by\nthe critical dimensions of the family of composite fields (operators) of the\nform $(\\partial\\theta\\partial\\theta)^{2n}$, which mix heavily in\nrenormalization. The daunting task of the calculation of the matrices of their\ncritical dimensions (whose eigenvalues determine the anomalous exponents)\nsimplifies drastically in the limit of high spatial dimension, $d\\to\\infty$.\nThis allowed us to find the leading and correction anomalous exponents for the\nstructure functions up to the order $S_{56}$. They reveal intriguing\nregularities, which suggest for the anomalous exponents simple \"empiric\"\nformulae that become practically exact for $n$ large enough. Along with the\nexplicit results for modest $n$, they provide the full description of the\nanomalous scaling in the model. Key words: passive vector field, turbulent\nadvection, anomalous scaling, renormalization group, operator product\nexpansion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality in the tripartite information after global quenches:\n  (generalised) quantum XY models: We consider the R\\'enyi-$\\alpha$ tripartite information $I_3^{(\\alpha)}$ of\nthree adjacent subsystems in the stationary state emerging after global\nquenches in noninteracting spin chains from both homogeneous and bipartite\nstates. We identify settings in which $I_3^{(\\alpha)}$ remains nonzero also in\nthe limit of infinite lengths and develop an effective quantum field theory\ndescription of free fermionic fields on a ladder. We map the calculation into a\nRiemann-Hilbert problem with a piecewise constant matrix for a doubly connected\ndomain. We find an explicit solution for $\\alpha=2$ and an implicit one for\n$\\alpha>2$. In the latter case, we develop a rapidly convergent perturbation\ntheory that we use to derive analytic formulae approximating $I_3^{(\\alpha)}$\nwith outstanding accuracy.",
        "positive": "LETTER On putative incommensurate states of a finite Frenkel-Kontorova\n  chain: We propose a new but simpler explanation of the phases of a Frenkel-Kontorova\nchain of atoms, and we demonstrate it by examples. Combined with this, we\npresent a criticism of the theory of so-called commensurate and incommensurate\nstates, especially for finite chains. We reject the putative observation of an\nAubry-phase transition in a finite chain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Driven Diffusive Systems: How Steady States Depend on Dynamics: In contrast to equilibrium systems, non-equilibrium steady states depend\nexplicitly on the underlying dynamics. Using Monte Carlo simulations with\nMetropolis, Glauber and heat bath rates, we illustrate this expectation for an\nIsing lattice gas, driven far from equilibrium by an `electric' field. While\nheat bath and Glauber rates generate essentially identical data for structure\nfactors and two-point correlations, Metropolis rates give noticeably weaker\ncorrelations, as if the `effective' temperature were higher in the latter case.\nWe also measure energy histograms and define a simple ratio which is exactly\nknown and closely related to the Boltzmann factor for the equilibrium case. For\nthe driven system, the ratio probes a thermodynamic derivative which is found\nto be dependent on dynamics.",
        "positive": "Calculation of real gas pressures using modified functions of\n  probability distributions: We have improved the procedure for calculating distribution functions and the\nthermal equation of state for real gases by introducing modified functions of\nprobability distributions into the gas phase state sum. Calculation of real gas\npressure and the grand canonical partition function using the improved\nprocedure demonstrate that numerical difficulties arising from a large number\nof state variables can be circumvented. We have also calculated real gas\nisotherms and probability of vaporization in phase equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotic States of Ising Ferromagnets with Long-range Interactions: It is known that, after a quench to zero temperature ($T=0$), two-dimensional\n($d=2$) Ising ferromagnets with short-range interactions do not always relax to\nthe ordered state. They can also fall in infinitely long-lived striped\nmetastable states with a finite probability. In this paper, we study how the\nabundance of striped states is affected by long-range interactions. We\ninvestigate the relaxation of $d=2$ Ising ferromagnets with power-law\ninteractions by means of Monte Carlo simulations at both $T=0$ and $T \\ne 0$.\nFor $T=0$ and the finite system size, the striped metastable states are\nsuppressed by long-range interactions. In the thermodynamic limit, their\noccurrence probabilities are consistent with the short-range case. For $T \\ne\n0$, the final state is always ordered. Further, the equilibration occurs at\nearlier times with an increase in the strength of the interactions.",
        "positive": "Exponent relations at quantum phase transitions, with applications to\n  metallic quantum ferromagnets: Relations between critical exponents, or scaling laws, at both continuous and\ndiscontinuous quantum phase transitions are derived and discussed. In general\nthere are multiple dynamical exponents at these transitions, which complicates\nthe scaling description. Some rigorous inequalities are derived, and the\nconditions needed for these inequalities to be equalities are discussed. New\nscaling laws involving the specific-heat exponents are derived and and\ncontrasted with their counterparts at classical phase transitions. We also\ngeneralize the ideas of Fisher and Berker and others for applying (finite-size)\nscaling theory near a classical first-order transition to the quantum case. We\nthen apply and illustrate all of these ideas by using the quantum ferromagnetic\nphase transition in metals as an explicit example. This transition is known to\nhave multiple dynamical scaling exponents, and in general it is discontinuous\nin clean systems, but continuous in disordered ones. Furthermore, it displays\nmany experimentally relevant crossover phenomena that can be described in terms\nof fixed points, originally discussed by Hertz, that ultimately become unstable\nasymptotically close to the transition and give way to the asymptotic fixed\npoints. These fixed points provide a rich environment for illustrating the\ngeneral scaling concepts and exponent relations. We also discuss the\nquantum-wing critical point at the tips of the tricritical wings associated\nwith the discontinuous quantum ferromagnetic transition from a scaling point of\nview."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical exponents of an even-parity-conserving contact process with\n  diffusion: We provide finite-size scaling estimates for the dynamical critical exponent\nof the even parity-conserving universality class of critical behavior through\nexact numerical diagonalizations of the time evolution operator of an\neven-parity-conserving contact process. Our data seem to indicate that upon the\nintroduction of a small diffusion rate in the process its critical behavior\ncrosses over to that of the directed percolation universality class. A brief\ndiscussion of the many-sector decomposability of parity-conserving contact\nprocesses is presented.",
        "positive": "Quantum Mpemba effect in a quantum dot with reservoirs: We demonstrate the quantum Mpemba effect in a quantum dot coupled to two\nreservoirs, described by the Anderson model. We show that the system\ntemperatures starting from two different initial values (hot and cold), cross\neach other at finite time (and thereby reverse their identities i.e. hot\nbecomes cold and vice versa) to generate thermal quantam Mpemba effect. The\nslowest relaxation mode believed to play the dominating role in Mpemba effect\nin Markovian systems, does not contribute to such anomalous relaxation in the\npresent model. In this connection, our analytical result provides necessary\ncondition for producing quantum Mpemba effect in the density matrix elements of\nthe quantum dot, as a combined effect of the remaining relaxation modes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A truth of molecular chaos: The BBGKY hierarchy of equations for a particle interacting with an ideal gas\nis investigated. Principal properties of its solutions are disclosed, as exact\nidentities which connect probability distribution of path of the particle, its\nderivatives in respect to gas density and irreducible many-particle\ncorrelations between gas molecules and the path. They show that all the\ncorrelations always give equally important contributions to evolution of the\npath distribution, and therefore the exact theory does not reduce to the\nclassical kinetics even at arbitrary small gas density.",
        "positive": "Exponential Tails and Asymmetry Relations for the Spread of Biased\n  Random Walks: Exponential, and not Gaussian, decay of probability density functions was\nstudied by Laplace in the context of his analysis of errors. Such Laplace\npropagators for the diffusive motion of single particles in disordered media\nwere recently observed in numerous experimental systems. What will happen to\nthis universality when an external driving force is applied? Using the\nubiquitous continuous time random walk with bias, and the Crooks relation in\nconjunction with large deviations theory, we derive two properties of the\npositional probability density function $P_F(x,t)$ that hold for a wide\nspectrum of random walk models: (I) Universal asymmetric exponential decay of\n$P_F(X,t)$ for large $|X|$, and (II) Existence of a time transformation that\nfor large $|X|$ allows to express $P_F(X,t)$ in terms of the propagator of the\nunbiased process (measured at a shorter time). These findings allow us to\nestablish how the symmetric exponential-like tails, measured in many unbiased\nprocesses, will transform into asymmetric Laplace tails when an external force\nis applied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ensemble properties of securities traded in the NASDAQ market: We study the price dynamics of stocks traded in the NASDAQ market by\nconsidering the statistical properties of an ensemble of stocks traded\nsimultaneously. For each trading day of our database, we study the ensemble\nreturn distribution by extracting its first two central moments. According to\nprevious results obtained for the NYSE market, we find that the second moment\nis a long-range correlated variable. We compare time-averaged and\nensemble-averaged price returns and we show that the two averaging procedures\nlead to different statistical results.",
        "positive": "Linear systems with adiabatic fluctuations: We consider a dynamical system subjected to weak but adiabatically slow\nfluctuations of external origin. Based on the ``adiabatic following''\napproximation we carry out an expansion in \\alpha/|\\mu|, where \\alpha is the\nstrength of fluctuations and 1/|\\mu| refers to the time scale of evolution of\nthe unperturbed system to obtain a linear differential equation for the average\nsolution. The theory is applied to the problems of a damped harmonic oscillator\nand diffusion in a turbulent fluid. The result is the realization of\n`renormalized' diffusion constant or damping constant for the respective\nproblems. The applicability of the method has been critically analyzed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Response of Two-dimensional Kinetic Ising Model under Stochastic Field: We study, using Monte Carlo dynamics, the time ($t$) dependent average\nmagnetization per spin $m(t)$ behavior of 2-D kinetic Ising model under a\nbinary ($\\pm h_0$) stochastic field $h(t)$. The time dependence of the\nstochastic field is such that its average over each successive time interval\n$\\tau$ is assured to be zero (without any fluctuation). The average\nmagnetization $Q=(1/\\tau)\\int_{0}^{\\tau} m(t) dt$ is considered as order\nparameter of the system. The phase diagram in ($h_0,\\tau$) plane is obtained.\nFluctuations in order parameter and their scaling properties are studied across\nthe phase boundary. These studies indicate that the nature of the transition is\nIsing like (static Ising universality class) for field amplitudes $h_0$ below\nsome threshold value $h_0^c(\\tau)$ (dependent on $\\tau$ values;\n$h_0^c\\rightarrow0$ as $\\tau\\rightarrow\\infty$ across the phase boundary) .\nBeyond these $h_0^c (\\tau)$, the transition is no longer continuous.",
        "positive": "Quantum Kinetic Theory for Laser Plasmas. Dynamical Screening in Strong\n  Fields: A quantum kinetic theory for correlated charged-particle systems in strong\ntime-dependent electromagnetic fields is developed. Our approach is based on a\nsystematic gauge-invariant nonequilibrium Green's functions formulation.\nExtending our previous analysis (Kremp et al., Phys. Rev. E vol. 60, p. 4725\n(1999) we concentrate on the selfconsistent treatment of dynamical screening\nand electromagnetic fields which is applicable to arbitrary nonequilibrium\nsituations. The resulting kinetic equation generalizes previous results to\nquantum plasmas with full dynamical screening and includes many-body effects.\nIt is, in particular, applicable to the interaction of dense plasmas with\nstrong electromagnetic fields, including laser fields and x-rays. Furthermore,\nresults for the modification of the plasma screening and the longitudinal field\nfluctuations due to the electromagnetic field are presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hysteresis Behavior of Anisotropic Heisenberg Model in Thin Film\n  Geometry: The effect of the anisotropy in the exchange interaction and film thickness\non the hysteresis behavior of the anisotropic Heisenberg thin film has been\ninvestigated with effective field formulation in a two spin cluster using the\ndecoupling approximation. The behaviors of the hysteresis loop area, coersive\nfield and remanent magnetization with the film thickness and anisotropy in the\nexchange interaction have been obtained.",
        "positive": "Hysteresis in Ferromagnetic Random Field Ising Model with an Arbitrary\n  Initial State: We present exact expressions for hysteresis loops in the ferromagnetic random\nfield Ising model in the limit of zero temperature and zero driving frequency\nfor an arbitrary initial state of the model on a Bethe lattice. This work\nextends earlier results that were restricted to an initial state with all spins\npointing parallel to each other."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase separation driven by surface diffusion: a Monte Carlo study: We propose a kinetic Ising model to study phase separation driven by surface\ndiffusion. This model is referred to as \"Model S\", and consists of the usual\nKawasaki spin-exchange kinetics (\"Model B\") in conjunction with a kinetic\nconstraint. We use novel multi-spin coding techniques to develop fast\nalgorithms for Monte Carlo simulations of Models B and S. We use these\nalgorithms to study the late stages of pattern dynamics in these systems.",
        "positive": "Heat fluctuations in an out of equilibrium bath: We measure the energy fluctuations of a Brownian particle confined by an\noptical trap in an aging gelatin after a very fast quench (less than 1 ms). The\nstrong nonequilibrium fluctuations due to the assemblage of the gel, are\ninterpreted, within the framework of fluctuation theorem, as a heat flux from\nthe particle towards the bath. We derive, from a simple model, an analytical\nexpression of the heat probability distribution, which fits the experimental\ndata and satisfies a fluctuation relation similar to that of a system in\ncontact with two baths at different temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The self-consistent field model for Fermi systems with account of\n  three-body interactions: On the basis of a microscopic model of self-consistent field, the\nthermodynamics of the many-particle Fermi system at finite temperatures with\naccount of three-body interactions is built and the quasiparticle equations of\nmotion are obtained. It is shown that the delta-like three-body interaction\ngives no contribution into the self-consistent field, and the description of\nthree-body forces requires their nonlocality to be taken into account. The\nspatially uniform system is considered in detail, and on the basis of the\ndeveloped microscopic approach general formulas are derived for the fermion's\neffective mass and the system's equation of state with account of contribution\nfrom three-body forces. The effective mass and pressure are numerically\ncalculated for the potential of \"semi-transparent sphere\" type at zero\ntemperature. Expansions of the effective mass and pressure in powers of density\nare obtained. It is shown that, with account of only pair forces, the\ninteraction of repulsive character reduces the quasiparticle effective mass\nrelative to the mass of a free particle, and the attractive interaction raises\nthe effective mass. The question of thermodynamic stability of the Fermi system\nis considered and the three-body repulsive interaction is shown to extend the\nregion of stability of the system with the interparticle pair attraction. The\nquasiparticle energy spectrum is calculated with account of three-body forces.",
        "positive": "Spontaneous magnetization of the Ising model on the Sierpinski carpet\n  fractal, a rigorous result: We give a rigorous proof of the existence of spontaneous magnetization at\nfinite temperature for the Ising spin model defined on the Sierpinski carpet\nfractal. The theorem is inspired by the classical Peierls argument for the two\ndimensional lattice. Therefore, this exact result proves the existence of\nspontaneous magnetization for the Ising model in low dimensional structures,\ni.e. structures with dimension smaller than 2."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information compressibility, entropy production and approach to steady\n  state in open systems: We introduce the concept of {\\em information compressibility}, $K_I$, which\nmeasures the relative change of number of available microstates of an open\nsystem in response to an energy variation. We then prove that at the time in\nwhich the system reaches a steady state, the second and third time derivatives\nof the information entropy are proportional to the corresponding time\nderivatives of the energy, the proportionality constant being $K_I$. We argue\nthat if two steady states with different but same-sign $K_I$ are dynamically\nconnected in a non-adiabatic way it takes a longer time to reach the state with\ncompressibility closer to zero than the reverse. This concept, that applies to\nboth classical and quantum open systems, thus provides insight into the\nproperties of non-equilibrium steady states.",
        "positive": "Slow, bursty dynamics as the consequence of quenched network topologies: Bursty dynamics of agents is shown to appear at criticality or in extended\nGriffiths phases, even in case of Poisson processes. I provide numerical\nevidence for power-law type of inter-communication time distributions by\nsimulating the Contact Process and the Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible model.\nThis observation suggests that in case of non-stationary bursty systems the\nobserved non-poissonian behavior can emerge as the consequence of an underlying\nhidden poissonian network process, which is either critical or exhibits strong\nrare-region effects. On contrary, in time varying networks rare-region effects\ndo not cause deviation from the mean-field behavior and heterogeneity induced\nburstyness is absent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Properties of the entanglement Hamiltonian for finite free-fermion\n  chains: We study the entanglement Hamiltonian for fermionic hopping models on rings\nand open chains and determine single-particle spectra, eigenfunctions and the\nform in real space. For the chain, we find a commuting operator as for the ring\nand compare with its properties in both cases. In particular, a scaling\nrelation between the eigenvalues is found for large systems. We also show how\nthe commutation property carries over to the critical transverse Ising model.",
        "positive": "Full Counting Statistics of Avalanche Transport: an Experiment: We report the first measurement of high order cumulants of the current\nfluctuations in an avalanche diode run through by a stationary dc current. Such\na system is archetypic of devices in which transport is governed by a\ncollective mechanism, here charge multiplication by avalanche. We have measured\nthe first 5 cumulants of the probability distribution of the current\nfluctuations. We show that the charge multiplication factor is distributed\naccording to a power law that is different from that of the usual avalanche\nbelow breakdown, when avalanches are well separated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information-geometric structure for chemical thermodynamics: An explicit\n  construction of dual affine coordinates: We construct an information-geometric structure for chemical thermodynamics,\napplicable to a wide range of chemical reaction systems including non-ideal and\nopen systems. For this purpose, we explicitly construct dual affine coordinate\nsystems, which completely designate an information-geometric structure, using\nthe extent of reactions and the affinities of reactions as coordinates on a\nlinearly-constrained space of amounts of substances. The resulting structure\ninduces a metric and a divergence (a function of two distributions of amounts),\nboth expressed with chemical potentials. These quantities have been partially\nknown for ideal-dilute solutions, but their extensions for non-ideal solutions\nand the complete underlying structure are novel. The constructed geometry is a\ngeneralization of dual affine coordinates for stochastic thermodynamics. For\nexample, the metric and the divergence are generalizations of the Fisher\ninformation and the Kullback-Leibler divergence. As an application, we identify\nthe chemical-thermodynamic analog of the Hatano-Sasa excess entropy production\nusing our divergence.",
        "positive": "Cycling tames power fluctuations near optimum efficiency: According to the laws of thermodynamics, no heat engine can beat the\nefficiency of a Carnot cycle. This efficiency traditionally comes with\nvanishing power output and practical designs, optimized for power, generally\nachieve far less. Recently, various strategies to obtain Carnot's efficiency at\nlarge power were proposed. However, a thermodynamic uncertainty relation\nimplies that steady-state heat engines can operate in this regime only at the\ncost of large fluctuations that render them immensely unreliable. Here, we\ndemonstrate that this unfortunate trade-off can be overcome by designs\noperating cyclically under quasi-static conditions. The experimentally relevant\nyet exactly solvable model of an overdamped Brownian heat engine is used to\nillustrate the formal result. Our study highlights that work in cyclic heat\nengines and that in quasi-static ones are different stochastic processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Observation of Geometric Heat Pump Effect in Periodic Driven Thermal\n  Diffusion: The concept of geometry works as an overarching framework underlying a wide\nrange of transport phenomena. Particularly, the geometric phase effect in\nclassical and quantum heat pump has been attracting much attention in\nmicroscopic systems. Here, we formulate theoretically the geometric heat pump\neffect in macroscopic driven diffusive systems. Upon modulation protocols, the\nnontrivial geometric curvature in the parameter space universally induces an\nadditional pumped heat, beyond the constraint of hot-to-cold flowing.\nFurthermore, we set up a minimum experiment and indeed observe a non-vanishing\ndirectional heat flow across the driven system, despite keeping zero thermal\nbias between two time-dependent thermal reservoirs at every instant. We verify\nthat in analogy to the geometric phase effect, the geometric pumped heat during\neach driving cycle is independent of driving periods in the adiabatic limit and\ncoincides with theoretical predictions, thus validating its geometric origin.\nThese results about geometric heat pump effect could have potential\nimplications for designing and implementing nonreciprocal and topological\nthermal meta-devices under spatiotemporal modulations.",
        "positive": "On the relation between the second law of thermodynamics and classical\n  and quantum mechanics: In textbooks on statistical mechanics, one finds often arguments based on\nclassical mechanics, phase space and ergodicity in order to justify the second\nlaw of thermodynamics. However, the basic equations of motion of classical\nmechanics are deterministic and reversible, while the second law of\nthermodynamics is irreversible and not deterministic, because it states that a\nsystem forgets its past when approaching equilibrium. I argue that all\n\"derivations\" of the second law of thermodynamics from classical mechanics\ninclude additional assumptions that are not part of classical mechanics. The\nsame holds for Boltzmann's H-theorem. Furthermore, I argue that the\ncoarse-graining of phase-space that is used when deriving the second law cannot\nbe viewed as an expression of our ignorance of the details of the microscopic\nstate of the system, but reflects the fact that the state of a system is fully\nspecified by using only a finite number of bits, as implied by the concept of\nentropy, which is related to the number of different microstates that a closed\nsystem can have. While quantum mechanics, as described by the Schroedinger\nequation, puts this latter statement on a firm ground, it cannot explain the\nirreversibility and stochasticity inherent in the second law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of the Noninteracting Bose Gas in a Two-Dimensional Box: Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of a noninteracting Bose gas of N particles\nin a two-dimensional box with Dirichlet boundary conditions is studied.\nConfirming previous work, we find that BEC occurs at finite N at low\ntemperatures T without the occurrence of a phase transition. The\nconventionally-defined transition temperature TE for an infinite 3D system is\nshown to correspond in a 2D system with finite N to a crossover temperature\nbetween a slow and rapid increase in the fractional boson occupation N0/N of\nthe ground state with decreasing T. We further show that TE ~ 1/log(N) at fixed\narea per boson, so in the thermodynamic limit there is no significant BEC in 2D\nat finite T. Thus, paradoxically, BEC only occurs in 2D at finite N with no\nphase transition associated with it. Calculations of thermodynamic properties\nversus T and area A are presented, including Helmholtz free energy, entropy S ,\npressure p, ratio of p to the energy density U/A, heat capacity at constant\nvolume (area) CV and at constant pressure Cp, isothermal compressibility\nkappa_T and thermal expansion coefficient alpha_p, obtained using both the\ngrand canonical ensemble (GCE) and canonical ensemble (CE) formalisms. The GCE\nformalism gives acceptable predictions for S, p, p/(U/A), kappa_T and alpha_p\nat large N, T and A, but fails for smaller values of these three parameters for\nwhich BEC becomes significant, whereas the CE formalism gives accurate results\nfor all thermodynamic properties of finite systems even at low T and/or A where\nBEC occurs.",
        "positive": "Peaked structures in noise power spectra as signature of avalanche\n  correlation: An outstanding topic on noise phenomena is the occurrence of peaked\nstructures in many natural systems in a wide range 10^-1 - 10^6 Hz. All\nexisting theories failed to explain this issue. The present theory based on\nfirst prin-ciple statistics of elementary events clustered in time-amplitude\ncorrelated large avalanches leads to a noise spectral power master equation\nsuitable for any peaked noise spectra. The excellent agreement with our current\nnoise experiments in high Tc superconductors in the dendritic regime and with\noptical noise experiments in E.coli demonstrates firstly that avalanche\ncorrelation is the physical source of spectral peaks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A memory-induced diffusive-superdiffusive transition: ensemble and\n  time-averaged observables: The ensemble properties and time-averaged observables of a memory-induced\ndiffusive-superdiffusive transition are studied. The model consists in a random\nwalker whose transitions in a given direction depend on a weighted linear\ncombination of the number of both right and left previous transitions. The\ndiffusion process is nonstationary and its probability develops the phenomenon\nof aging. Depending on the characteristic memory parameters, the ensemble\nbehavior may be normal, superdiffusive, or ballistic. In contrast, the\ntime-averaged mean squared displacement is equal to that of a normal undriven\nrandom walk, which renders the process non-ergodic. In addition, and similarly\nto Levy walks [Godec and Metzler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 020603 (2013)], for\ntrajectories of finite duration the time-averaged displacement apparently\nbecome random with properties that depend on the measurement time and also on\nthe memory properties. These features are related to the non-stationary\npower-law decay of the transition probabilities to their stationary values.\nTime-averaged response to a bias is also calculated. In contrast with Levy\nwalks [Froemberg and Barkai, Phys. Rev. E 87, 030104(R) (2013)], the response\nalways vanishes asymptotically.",
        "positive": "Fixed boundary conditions analysis of the 3d Gonihedric Ising model with\n  $\u03ba=0$: The Gonihedric Ising model is a particular case of the class of models\ndefined by Savvidy and Wegner intended as discrete versions of string theories\non cubic lattices. In this paper we perform a high statistics analysis of the\nphase transition exhibited by the 3d Gonihedric Ising model with $k=0$ in the\nlight of a set of recently stated scaling laws applicable to first order phase\ntransitions with fixed boundary conditions. Even though qualitative evidence\nwas presented in a previous paper to support the existence of a first order\nphase transition at $k=0$, only now are we capable of pinpointing the\ntransition inverse temperature at $\\beta_c = 0.54757(63)$ and of checking the\nscaling of standard observables."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complex semiclassical analysis of the Loschmidt amplitude and dynamical\n  quantum phase transitions: We propose a new computational method of the Loschmidt amplitude in a generic\nspin system on the basis of the complex semiclassical analysis on the\nspin-coherent state path integral. We demonstrate how the dynamical transitions\nemerge in the time evolution of the Loschmidt amplitude for the infinite-range\ntransverse Ising model with a longitudinal field, exposed by a quantum quench\nof the transverse field $\\Gamma$ from $\\infty$ or $0$. For both initial\nconditions, we obtain the dynamical phase diagrams that show the presence or\nabsence of the dynamical transition in the plane of transverse field after a\nquantum quench and the longitudinal field. The results of semiclassical\nanalysis are verified by numerical experiments. Experimental observation of our\nfindings on the dynamical transition is also discussed.",
        "positive": "A nonlinear dynamical model of human gait: We present a nonlinear stochastic model of the human gait control system in a\nvariety of gait regimes. The stride interval time series in normal human gait\nis characterized by slightly multifractal fluctuations. The fractal nature of\nthe fluctuations become more pronounced under both an increase and decrease in\nthe average gait. Moreover, the long-range memory in these fluctuations is lost\nwhen the gait is keyed on a metronome. The human locomotion is controlled by a\nnetwork of neurons capable of producing a correlated syncopated output. The\ncentral nervous system is coupled to the motocontrol system, and together they\ncontrol the locomotion of the gait cycle itself. The metronomic gait is\nsimulated by a forced nonlinear oscillator with a periodic external force\nassociated with the conscious act of walking in a particular way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Controlling Uncertainty of Empirical First-Passage Times in the\n  Small-Sample Regime: We derive general bounds on the probability that the empirical first-passage\ntime $\\overline{\\tau}_n\\equiv \\sum_{i=1}^n\\tau_i/n$ of a reversible ergodic\nMarkov process inferred from a sample of $n$ independent realizations deviates\nfrom the true mean first-passage time by more than any given amount in either\ndirection. We construct non-asymptotic confidence intervals that hold in the\nelusive small-sample regime and thus fill the gap between asymptotic methods\nand the Bayesian approach that is known to be sensitive to prior belief and\ntends to underestimate uncertainty in the small-sample setting. We prove sharp\nbounds on extreme first-passage times that control uncertainty even in cases\nwhere the mean alone does not sufficiently characterize the statistics. Our\nconcentration-of-measure-based results allow for model-free error control and\nreliable error estimation in kinetic inference, and are thus important for the\nanalysis of experimental and simulation data in the presence of limited\nsampling.",
        "positive": "Static critical behavior of the $q-$states Potts model: High-resolution\n  entropic study: Here we report a precise computer simulation study of the static critical\nproperties of the two-dimensional $q$-states Potts model using very accurate\ndata obtained from a modified Wang-Landau (WL) scheme proposed by Caparica and\nCunha-Netto [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 85}, 046702 (2012)]. This algorithm is an\nextension of the conventional WL sampling, but the authors changed the\ncriterion to update the density of states during the random walk and\nestablished a new procedure to windup the simulation run. These few changes\nhave allowed a more precise microcanonical averaging which is essential to a\nreliable finite-size scaling analysis. In this work we used this new technique\nto determine the static critical exponents $\\beta$, $\\gamma$, and $\\nu$, in an\nunambiguous fashion. The static critical exponents were determined as\n$\\beta=0.10807(28)$, $\\gamma=1.44716(72)$, and $\\nu=0.818892(58)$, for the\n$q=3$ case, and $\\beta=0.09123(48)$, $\\gamma=1.2855(13)$, and\n$\\nu=0.70640(10)$, for the $q=4$ Potts model. A comparison of the present\nresults with conjectured values and with those obtained from other well\nestablished approaches strengthens this new way of performing WL simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The entanglement entropy of one-dimensional gases: We introduce a systematic framework to calculate the bipartite entanglement\nentropy of a spatial subsystem in a one-dimensional quantum gas which can be\nmapped into a noninteracting fermion system. To show the wide range of\napplicability of the proposed formalism, we use it for the calculation of the\nentanglement in the eigenstates of periodic systems, in a gas confined by\nboundaries or external potentials, in junctions of quantum wires and in a\ntime-dependent parabolic potential.",
        "positive": "New Evidence of Discrete Scale Invariance in the Energy Dissipation of\n  Three-Dimensional Turbulence: Correlation Approach and Direct Spectral\n  Detection: We extend the analysis of [Zhou and Sornette, Physica D 165, 94-125, 2002]\nshowing statistically significant log-periodic corrections to scaling in the\nmoments of the energy dissipation rate in experiments at high Reynolds number\n($\\approx 2500$) of three-dimensional fully developed turbulence. First, we\ndevelop a simple variant of the canonical averaging method using a rephasing\nscheme between different samples based on pairwise correlations that confirms\nZhou and Sornette's previous results. The second analysis uses a simpler local\nspectral approach and then performs averages over many local spectra. This\nyields stronger evidence of the existence of underlying log-periodic\nundulations, with the detection of more than 20 harmonics of a fundamental\nlogarithmic frequency $f = 1.434 \\pm 0.007$ corresponding to the preferred\nscaling ratio $\\gamma = 2.008 \\pm 0.006$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Patchwork Sampling of Stochastic Differential Equations: We propose a method to sample stationary properties of solutions of\nstochastic differential equations, which is accurate and efficient if there are\nrarely visited regions or rare transitions between distinct regions of the\nstate space. The method is based on a complete, non-overlapping partition of\nthe state space into patches on which the stochastic process is ergodic. On\neach of these patches we run simulations of the process strictly truncated to\nthe corresponding patch, which allows effective simulations also in rarely\nvisited regions. The correct weight for each patch is obtained by counting the\nattempted transitions between all different patches. The results are\npatchworked to cover the whole state space. We extend the concept of truncated\nMarkov chains which is originally formulated for processes which obey detailed\nbalance to processes not fulfilling detailed balance. The method is illustrated\nby three examples, describing the one-dimensional diffusion of an overdamped\nparticle in a double-well potential, a system of many globally coupled\noverdamped particles in double-well potentials subject to additive Gaussian\nwhite noise, and the overdamped motion of a particle on the circle in a\nperiodic potential subject to a deterministic drift and additive noise. In the\nappendix we explain how other well-known Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms\ncan be related to truncated Markov chains.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of vortex defect formation in two dimensional Coulomb crystals: We study the non-equilibrium dynamics of two dimensional planar ion Coulomb\ncrystals undergoing a structural buckling transition to a three plane\nconfiguration, driven by a reduction of the transverse confining frequency.\nThis phase transition can be theoretically modeled using a mapping to a two\ndimensional Ginzburg-Landau theory with complex order parameter field. We\ndemonstrate that finite rate quenches result in creation of stable topological\nvortices, which are localized point regions around which the phase of the order\nparameter field winds a multiple of 2{\\pi}. The density of the defects as a\nfunction of quench rate is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations\nand its scaling is shown to be consistent with Kibble-Zurek theory of defect\nformation. Following the quench, the annihilation of vortex and anti-vortex\npairs results in the relaxation of defect density that follows a diffusive\nscaling with a logarithmic correction. This work highlights the potential for\ninvestigating complex non-equilibrium statistical physics of topological\ndefects in an experimentally accessible ion trap setting."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean-field phase diagram and spin glass phase of the dipolar Kagome\n  Ising antiferromagnet: We derive the equilibrium phase diagram of the classical dipolar Ising\nantiferromagnet at the mean-field level on a geometry that mimics the two\ndimensional Kagome lattice. Our mean-field treatment is based on the\ncombination of the cluster variational Bethe-Peierls formalism and the cavity\nmethod, developed in the context of the glass transition, and is complementary\nto the Monte Carlo simulations realized in [Phys. Rev. B 98, 144439 (2018)].\nOur results confirm the nature of the low temperature crystalline phase which\nis reached through a weakly first-order phase transition. Moreover, they allow\nus to interpret the dynamical slowing down observed in the work of Hamp & al.\nas a remnant of a spin glass transition taking place at the mean-field level\n(and expected to be avoided in 2 dimensions).",
        "positive": "N-dimensional nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation with time-dependent\n  coefficients: An $N$-dimensional nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation is investigated here by\nconsidering the time dependence of the coefficients, where drift-controlled and\nsource terms are present. We exhibit the exact solution based on the\ngeneralized gaussian function related to the Tsallis statistics. Furthermore,\nwe show that a rich class of diffusive processes, including normal and\nanomalous ones, can be obtained by changing the time dependence of the\ncoefficients."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stick-slip motion of solids with dry friction subject to random\n  vibrations and an external field: We investigate a model for the dynamics of a solid object, which moves over a\nrandomly vibrating solid surface and is subject to a constant external force.\nThe dry friction between the two solids is modeled phenomenologically as being\nproportional to the sign of the object's velocity relative to the surface, and\ntherefore shows a discontinuity at zero velocity. Using a path integral\napproach, we derive analytical expressions for the transition probability of\nthe object's velocity and the stationary distribution of the work done on the\nobject due to the external force. From the latter distribution, we also derive\na fluctuation relation for the mechanical work fluctuations, which incorporates\nthe effect of the dry friction.",
        "positive": "Entanglement Entropy and Full Counting Statistics for $2d$-Rotating\n  Trapped Fermions: We consider $N$ non-interacting fermions in a $2d$ harmonic potential of\ntrapping frequency $\\omega$ and in a rotating frame at angular frequency\n$\\Omega$, with $0<\\omega - \\Omega\\ll \\omega$. At zero temperature, the fermions\nare in the non-degenerate lowest Landau level and their positions are in one to\none correspondence with the eigenvalues of an $N\\times N$ complex Ginibre\nmatrix. For large $N$, the fermion density is uniform over the disk of radius\n$\\sqrt{N}$ centered at the origin and vanishes outside this disk. We compute\nexactly, for any finite $N$, the R\\'enyi entanglement entropy of order $q$,\n$S_q(N,r)$, as well as the cumulants of order $p$, $\\langle{N_r^{p}}\\rangle_c$,\nof the number of fermions $N_r$ in a disk of radius $r$ centered at the origin.\nFor $N \\gg 1$, in the (extended) bulk, i.e., for $0 < r/\\sqrt{N} < 1$, we show\nthat $S_q(N,r)$ is proportional to the number variance ${\\rm Var}\\,(N_r)$,\ndespite the non-Gaussian fluctuations of $N_r$. This relation breaks down at\nthe edge of the fermion density, for $r \\approx \\sqrt{N}$, where we show\nanalytically that $S_q(N,r)$ and ${\\rm Var}\\,(N_r)$ have a different\n$r$-dependence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Logistic map trajectory distributions: Renormalization-group, entropy\n  and criticality at the transition to chaos: We study the evolution of the probability density of ensembles of iterates of\nthe logistic map that advance towards and finally remain at attractors of\nrepresentative dynamical regimes. We consider the mirror families of\nsuperstable attractors along the period-doubling cascade, and of chaotic-band\nattractors along the inverse band-splitting cascade. We examine also their\ncommon aperiodic accumulation point. The iteration time progress of the\ndensities of trajectories is determined via the action of the Frobenius-Perron\n(FP) operator. As a difference with the study of individual orbits, the\nanalysis of ensembles of positions offers a viewpoint from which the nonlinear\ndynamical features of this iconic model can be better characterized in\nstatistical-mechanical terms. The scaling of the densities along the considered\nfamilies of attractors conforms to a renormalization-group (RG) structure,\nwhile their entropies are seen to attain extrema at the fixed points of the RG\nflows. Additionally, this entropy as a function of the map control parameter\ndisplays the characteristic features of an equation of state of a thermal\nsystem undergoing a second-order phase transition. We discuss our results.",
        "positive": "Thermal conductivity in one-dimensional nonlinear disordered lattices:\n  Two kinds of scattering effects of hard-type and soft-type anharmonicities: The amorphous solids can be theoretically modeled by anharmonic disordered\nlattices. However, most of theoretical studies on thermal conductivity in\nanharmonic disordered lattices only focus on the potentials of hard-type (HT)\nanharmonicity. Here we study the thermal conductivity $\\kappa$ of\none-dimensional (1D) disordered lattices with both hard- and soft-type (ST)\nanharmonic on-site potentials. It is found, via both direct molecular dynamic\nsimulations and theoretical method, that the anharmonicity dependence of\n$\\kappa$ in the HT model is nonmonotonous, while in the ST model is\nmonotonously increased. This provides a new way to enhance thermal conductivity\nin disordered systems. Furthermore, $\\kappa$ of the HT model is consistent with\nthe prediction of the quasi-harmonic Green-Kubo (QHGK) method in a wide range\nof anharmonicity, while for the ST model, the numerical results seem largely\ndeviated from the theoretical predictions as the anharmonicity becomes soft.\nThis new and peculiar feature of the ST model may root in the fact that only\ndelocalization effect exists, different from the competing roles that both\ndelocalization and localization play in the counterpart HT model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum efficiency bound for continuous heat engines coupled to\n  non-canonical reservoirs: We derive an efficiency bound for continuous quantum heat engines absorbing\nheat from squeezed thermal reservoirs. Our approach relies on a full-counting\nstatistics description of nonequilibrium transport and it is not limited to the\nframework of irreversible thermodynamics. Our result, a generalized Carnot\nefficiency bound, is valid beyond the small squeezing and high temperature\nlimit. Our findings are embodied in a prototype three-terminal quantum\nphotoelectric engine where a qubit converts heat absorbed from a squeezed\nthermal reservoir into electrical power. We demonstrate that in the quantum\nregime the efficiency can be greatly amplified by squeezing. From the\nfluctuation relation we further receive other operational measures in linear\nresponse, for example, the universal maximum power efficiency bound.",
        "positive": "Fluid flow at interfaces driven by thermal gradients: Thermal forces drive several nonequilibrium phenomena able to set a fluid in\nmotion without pressure gradients. Although the most celebrated effect is\nthermophoresis, also known as Ludwig-Soret effect, probably the simplest\nexample where thermal forces are at play is thermo-osmosis: The motion of a\n{\\it confined} fluid exclusively due to the presence of a temperature gradient.\nWe present a concise but complete derivation of the microscopic theory of\nthermo-osmosis based on linear response theory. This approach is applied to a\nsimple fluid confined in a slab geometry, mimicking the flow through a pore in\na membrane separating two fluid reservoirs at different temperatures. We\nconsider both the case of an open channel, where the fluid can flow freely, and\nthat of a closed channel, where mass transport is inhibited and a pressure drop\nsets in at the boundaries. Quantitative results require the evaluation of\ngeneralized transport coefficients, but a preliminary check on a specific\nprediction of the theory has been successfully performed via nonequilibrium\nmolecular dynamics simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy Transport in the Integrable System in Contact with Various Types\n  of Phonon Reservoirs: We study how energy transport in an integrable system is affected by the\nspectral densities of heat reservoirs. The model investigated here is the\nquantum harmonic chain whose both ends are in contact with two heat reservoirs\nat different temperatures. The master equation for the reduced density matrix\nis derived on the assumption that the reservoirs are composed of an infinite\nnumber of independent harmonic oscillators. We evaluate temperature profile and\nenergy flux in the stationary state for the master equation and discuss how\nthey depend on the types of spectral densities. When we attach the reservoirs\nof the same type of spectral density, we find that the temperature profile is\nindependent of the types. On the other hand, when the two reservoirs have\ndifferent types of spectral densities, the energy profile near the ends of the\nchain depends on the types. When the coupling is finite, the temperature\nprofile near the ends shows wide variation of behavior dependent on spectral\ndensities and temperatures of reservoirs. This dependence is discussed with the\nFokker-Planck equations obtained in the classical limit.",
        "positive": "Theoretical description of spherically confined strongly correlated\n  Yukawa plasmas: A theoretical description of the radial density profile for charged particles\nwith Yukawa interaction in a harmonic trap is described. At strong Coulomb\ncoupling shell structure is observed in both computer simulations and\nexperiments. Correlations responsible for such shell structure are described\nhere using a recently developed model based in density functional theory. A\nwide range of particle number, Coulomb coupling, and screening lengths is\nconsidered within the fluid phase. A hypernetted chain approximation shows the\nformation of shell structure, but fails to give quantitative agreement with\nMonte Carlo simulation results at strong coupling. Significantly better\nagreement is obtained within the hypernetted chain structure using a\nrenormalized coupling constant, representing bridge function corrections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bipartite fidelity of critical dense polymers: We investigate the bipartite fidelity $\\mathcal F_d$ for a lattice model\ndescribed by a logarithmic CFT: the model of critical dense polymers. We define\nthis observable in terms of a partition function on the pants geometry, where\n$d$ defects enter at the top of the pants lattice and exit in one of the legs.\nUsing the correspondence with the XX spin chain, we obtain an exact closed-form\nexpression for $\\mathcal F_d$ and compute the leading terms in its $1/N$\nasymptotic expansion as a function of $x = N_A/N$, where $N$ is the lattice\nwidth at the top of the pants and $N_A$ is the width of the leg where the\ndefects exit. We find an agreement with the results of St\\'ephan and Dubail for\nrational CFTs, with the central charge and conformal weights specialised to\n$c=-2$ and $\\Delta = \\Delta_{1,d+1} = d(d-2)/8$.\n  We compute a second instance $\\mathcal {\\tilde F}_2$ of the bipartite\nfidelity for $d=2$ by imposing a different rule for the connection of the\ndefects. In the conformal setting, this choice corresponds to inserting two\nboundary condition changing fields of weight $\\Delta = 0$ that are logarithmic\ninstead of primary. We compute the asymptotic expansion in this case as well\nand find a simple additive correction compared to $\\mathcal F_2$, of the form\n$-2\\log((1+x)/(2\\sqrt{x}))$. We confirm this lattice result with a CFT\nderivation and find that this correction term is identical for all logarithmic\ntheories, independently of $c$ and $\\Delta$.",
        "positive": "Fragmentation processes in impact of spheres: We study the brittle fragmentation of spheres by using a three-dimensional\nDiscrete Element Model. Large scale computer simulations are performed with a\nmodel that consists of agglomerates of many particles, interconnected by\nbeam-truss elements. We focus on the detailed development of the fragmentation\nprocess and study several fragmentation mechanisms. The evolution of meridional\ncracks is studied in detail. These cracks are found to initiate in the inside\nof the specimen with quasi-periodic angular distribution. The fragments that\nare formed when these cracks penetrate the specimen surface give a broad peak\nin the fragment mass distribution for large fragments that can be fitted by a\ntwo-parameter Weibull distribution. This mechanism can only be observed in 3D\nmodels or experiments. The results prove to be independent of the degree of\ndisorder in the model. Our results significantly improve the understanding of\nthe fragmentation process for impact fracture since besides reproducing the\nexperimental observations of fragment shapes, impact energy dependence and mass\ndistribution, we also have full access to the failure conditions and evolution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical temperature study for classical planar spin systems: In this micro-canonical simulation the temperature and also the specific heat\nare determined as averages of expressions easy to implement. The XY-chain is\nstudied for a test. The second order transition on a cubic lattice and the\nfirst order transition on an fcc lattice are analyzed in greater detail to have\na more severe test about the feasibility of this micro-canonical method.",
        "positive": "A fluctuation relation for weakly ergodic aging systems: A fluctuation relation for aging systems is introduced, and verified by\nextensive numerical simulations. It is based on the hypothesis of partial\nequilibration over phase space regions in a scenario of entropy-driven\nrelaxation. The relation provides a simple alternative method, amenable of\nexperimental implementation, to measure replica symmetry breaking parameters in\naging systems. The connection with the effective temperatures obtained from the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extended hydrodynamics from Enskog's equation for a two-dimensional\n  system general formalism: Balance equations are derived from Enskog's kinetic equation for a\ntwo-dimensional system of hard disks using Grad's moment expansion method. This\nset of equations constitute an extended hydrodynamics for moderately dense\nbi-dimensional fluids. The set of independent hydrodynamic fields in the\npresent formulations are: density, velocity, temperature {\\em and\nalso}--following Grad's original idea--the symmetric and traceless pressure\ntensor $p_{ij}$ and the heat flux vector $\\mathbf q^{k}$. An approximation\nscheme similar in spirit to one made by Grad in his original work is made. Once\nthe hydrodynamics is derived it is used to discuss the nature of a simple\none-dimensional heat conduction problem. It is shown that, not too far from\nequilibrium, the nonequilibrium pressure in this case only depends on the\ndensity, temperature and heat flux vector.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Equalities in Absolutely Irreversible Processes: We generalize nonequilibrium integral equalities to situations involving\nabsolutely irreversible processes for which the forward-path probability\nvanishes and the entropy production diverges, rendering conventional integral\nfluctuation theorems inapplicable. We identify the mathematical origins of\nabsolute irreversibility as the singularity of probability measure. We\ndemonstrate the validity of the obtained equalities for several models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random time averaged diffusivities for L\u00e9vy walks: We investigate a L\\'evy-Walk alternating between velocities $\\pm v_0$ with\nopposite sign. The sojourn time probability distribution at large times is a\npower law lacking its mean or second moment. The first case corresponds to a\nballistic regime where the ensemble averaged mean squared displacement (MSD) at\nlarge times is $< x^2 > \\propto t^2$, the latter to enhanced diffusion with $<\nx^2 > \\propto t^\\nu$, $1<\\nu<2$. The correlation function and the time averaged\nMSD are calculated. In the ballistic case, the deviations of the time averaged\nMSD from a purely ballistic behavior are shown to be distributed according to a\nMittag-Leffler density function. In the enhanced diffusion regime, the\nfluctuations of the time averages MSD vanish at large times, yet very slowly.\nIn both cases we quantify the discrepancy between the time averaged and\nensemble averaged MSDs.",
        "positive": "Locally preferred structures and many-body static correlations in\n  viscous liquids: We investigate the influence of static correlations beyond the pair level on\nthe dynamics of selected model glass-formers. We compare the pair structure,\nangular distribution functions, and statistics of Voronoi polyhedra of two\nwell-known Lennard-Jones mixtures as well as of the corresponding\nWeeks-Chandler-Andersen variants, in which the attractive part of the potential\nis truncated. By means of the Voronoi construction we identify the atomic\narrangements corresponding to the locally preferred structures of the models.\nWe find that the growth of domains formed by interconnected locally preferred\nstructures signals the onset of the slow dynamics regime and allows to\nrationalize the different dynamic behaviors of the models. At low temperature,\nthe spatial extension of the structurally correlated domains, evaluated at\nfixed relaxation time, increases with the fragility of the models and is\nsystematically reduced by truncating the attractions. In view of these results,\nproper inclusion of many-body static correlations in theories of the glass\ntransition appears crucial for the description of the dynamics of fragile\nglass-formers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lattice permutations and Poisson-Dirichlet distribution of cycle lengths: We study random spatial permutations on Z^3 where each jump x -> \\pi(x) is\npenalized by a factor exp(-T ||x-\\pi(x)||^2). The system is known to exhibit a\nphase transition for low enough T where macroscopic cycles appear. We observe\nthat the lengths of such cycles are distributed according to Poisson-Dirichlet.\nThis can be explained heuristically using a stochastic\ncoagulation-fragmentation process for long cycles, which is supported by\nnumerical data.",
        "positive": "Does randomness in multifractals imply latent dimensions?: Negative, or latent, dimensions have always attracted a strong interest since\ntheir discovery. When randomness is introduced in multifractals, the\nsample-to-sample fluctuations of multifractal spectra emerge inevitably, which\nhas motivated various studies in this field. In this work, we study a class of\nmultinomial measures and argue the asymptotic behaviors of the multifractal\nfunction as . The so-called latent dimensions condition (LDC) is presented\nwhich states that latent dimensions may be absent in discrete random\nmultinomial measures. In order to clarify the discovery, several examples are\nillustrated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation of N interacting bosons: Hybrid approach to condensate\n  fluctuations: We present a new method of calculating the distribution function and\nfluctuations for a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of N interacting atoms. The\npresent formulation combines our previous master equation and canonical\nensemble quasiparticle techniques. It is applicable both for ideal and\ninteracting Bogoliubov BEC and yields remarkable accuracy at all temperatures.\nFor the interacting gas of 200 bosons in a box we plot the temperature\ndependence of the first four central moments of the condensate particle number\nand compare the results with the ideal gas. For the interacting mesoscopic BEC,\nas with the ideal gas, we find a smooth transition for the condensate particle\nnumber as we pass through the critical temperature.",
        "positive": "Pinning time statistics for vortex lines in disordered environments: We study the pinning dynamics of magnetic flux (vortex) lines in a disordered\ntype-II superconductor. Using numerical simulations of a directed elastic line\nmodel, we extract the pinning time distributions of vortex line segments. We\ncompare different model implementations for the disorder in the surrounding\nmedium: discrete, localized pinning potential wells that are either attractive\nand repulsive or purely attractive, and whose strengths are drawn from a\nGaussian distribution; as well as continuous Gaussian random potential\nlandscapes. We find that both schemes yield power law distributions in the\npinned phase as predicted by extreme-event statistics, yet they differ\nsignificantly in their effective scaling exponents and their short-time\nbehavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasiclassical Hamiltonians for large-spin systems: We propose a method for obtaining effective classical Hamiltonians \\cal H for\nmany-body quantum spin systems with large spins. This method uses the\ncoherent-state representation of the partition function Z and the cumulant\nexpansion in powers of 1/S. For the quantum Hamiltonian \\hat H of a Heisenberg\nform, the 1/S corrections in \\cal H have a non-Heisenberg many-spin form. The\neffective Hamiltonian \\cal H can be treated by methods familiar for classical\nsystems. The non-Heisenberg terms in \\cal H may be responsible for such effects\nas spin-Peierls transition and uplifting of the classical degeneracy by quantum\nfluctuations.",
        "positive": "Probing Anomalous Longitudinal Fluctuations of the Interacting Bose Gas\n  via Bose-Einstein Condensation of Magnons: The emergence of a finite staggered magnetization in quantum Heisenberg\nantiferromagnets subject to a uniform magnetic field can be viewed as\nBose-Einstein condensation of magnons. Using non-perturbative results for the\ninfrared behavior of the interacting Bose gas, we present exact results for the\nstaggered spin-spin correlation functions of quantum antiferromagnets in a\nmagnetic field at zero temperature. In particular, we show that in dimensions 1\n< D <= 3 the longitudinal dynamic structure factor S_parallel(q,omega)\ndescribing staggered spin fluctuations in the direction of the staggered\nmagnetization exhibits a critical continuum whose weight can be controlled\nexperimentally by varying the magnetic field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The spectral dimension of random brushes: We consider a class of random graphs, called random brushes, which are\nconstructed by adding linear graphs of random lengths to the vertices of Z^d\nviewed as a graph. We prove that for d=2 all random brushes have spectral\ndimension d_s=2. For d=3 we have {5\\over 2}\\leq d_s\\leq 3 and for d\\geq 4 we\nhave 3\\leq d_s\\leq d.",
        "positive": "Interplay of quenching temperature and drift in Brownian dynamics: We investigate the non-equilibrium evolution of ideal Brownian particles\nconfined between two walls, following simultaneous quenches of the temperature\nand a constant external force. We compute (analytically and in numeric\nsimulations) the post-quench dynamics of the density and the pressure exerted\nby the particles on the two walls perpendicular to the drift force. For\nidentical walls, symmetry breaking associated with the drift gives rise to\nunequal particle densities and pressures on the two walls. While the pressure\non one wall increases monotonically after the quench, on the other wall,\ndepletion causes a non-monotonic dynamics with an overshooting at finite times,\nbefore the long-term steady-state value is reached. For walls immersed in a\nBrownian gas, the effective interaction force changes sign from repulsive at\nshort times to attractive at late times. These findings have potential\napplications in various soft matter systems or fluids with charged Brownian\nparticles, as well as carrier dynamics in semiconducting structures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superdiffusivity of Asymmetric Energy Model in Dimension One and Two: We discuss an asymmetric energy model (AEM) introduced by Giardina et al. in\n\\cite{7}. This model is expected to belong to the KPZ class. We obtain lower\nbounds for the diffusion coefficient. In particular, the diffusion coefficient\nis diverging in dimension one and two as it is expected in the KPZ picture.",
        "positive": "Four Lectures on the Physics of Crystal Growth: Several aspects of the theory of epitaxial crystal growth from atomic or\nmolecular beams are developed from the perspective of statistical physics.\nLectures are devoted to the rate equation theory of two-dimensional nucleation\nand its limitations; the growth of multilayer wedding cakes in the presence of\nstrong step edge barriers; the continuum theory of mound coarsening; and\ngrowth-induced step meandering on vicinal surfaces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Griffiths phase and critical behavior of the 2D Potts models with\n  long-range correlated disorder: The $q$-state Potts model with a long-range correlated disorder is studied by\nmeans of large-scale Monte Carlo simulations for $q=2,4,8$ and 16. Evidence is\ngiven of the existence of a Griffiths phase, where the thermodynamic quantities\ndisplay an algebraic Finite-Size Scaling, in a finite range of temperatures\naround the self-dual point. The critical exponents are shown to depend on both\nthe temperature and the exponent of the algebraic decay of disorder\ncorrelations, but not on the number of states of the Potts model. The mechanism\nleading to the violation of hyperscaling relations is observed in the entire\nGriffiths phase.",
        "positive": "Effective-field theory study of the dynamical Ising-type thin films: The stationary state solutions of the Ising-type thin films with different\nlayers in the presence of an external oscillatory field have been examined\nwithin the effective field theory. The exhibition focuses on understanding of\nthe external field frequency and amplitude effect on the overall behavior of\nsystem for several powerful treatments. The particular attention has been paid\non the dynamical parametric evolution of the special point at which the\ncritical temperature of the three-dimensional infinite bulk system, where the\nsurface and the modified exchange parameter are of no importance. Important\ncharacteristics of the films, such as surface enhancement phenomenon, effect of\nthickness on the dynamic process etc. have been introduced together with well\nknown other characteristics. An attempt has been made to explain the relations\nbetween the competing time scales (intrinsic microscopic relaxation time of the\nsystem and the time period of the external oscillatory field) and frequency\ndispersion of the critical temperature coordinate of the special point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-body correlations and the superfluid fraction for nonuniform systems: We extend the one-body phase function upper bound on the superfluid fraction\nin a periodic solid (a spatially ordered supersolid) to include two-body phase\ncorrelations. The one-body current density is no longer proportional to the\ngradient of the one-body phase times the one-body density, but rather it\ndepends also on two-body correlation functions. The equations that\nsimultaneously determine the one-body and two-body phase functions require a\nknowledge of one-, two-, and three-body correlation functions. The approach can\nalso be extended to disordered solids. Fluids, with two-body densities and\ntwo-body phase functions that are translationally invariant, cannot take\nadvantage of this additional degree of freedom to lower their energy.",
        "positive": "Ergodicity recovery of random walk in heterogeneous disordered media: Significant and persistent trajectory-to-trajectory variance are commonly\nobserved in the particle tracking experiments, which have become a major\nchallenge for the experiment data analysis. In this theoretical paper, we\ninvestigate the ergodicity recovery behavior, which helps to clarify the origin\nand the convergence of trajectory-to-trajectory fluctuation in various\nheterogeneous disordered media. The concepts of self-averaging and ergodicity\nare revisited in the context of trajectory analysis. The slow ergodicity\nrecovery and the non-Gaussian diffusion in the annealed disordered media are\nshown as the consequences of the central limit theorem in different situations.\nThe strange ergodicity recovery behavior is reported in the quenched disordered\ncase, which arises from a localization mechanism. The first-passage approach is\nintroduced to the ergodicity analysis for this case, of which the central limit\ntheorem can be employed and the ergodicity is recovered in the length scale of\ndiffusivity correlation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A unified theory of information transfer and causal relation: Information transfer between coupled stochastic dynamics, measured by\ntransfer entropy and information flow, is suggested as a physical process\nunderlying the causal relation of systems. While information transfer analysis\nhas booming applications in both science and engineering fields, critical\nmysteries about its foundations remain unsolved. Fundamental yet difficult\nquestions concern how information transfer and causal relation originate, what\nthey depend on, how they differ from each other, and if they are created by a\nunified and general quantity. These questions essentially determine the\nvalidity of causal relation measurement via information transfer. Here we\npursue to lay a complete theoretical basis of information transfer and causal\nrelation. Beyond the well-known relations between these concepts that\nconditionally hold, we demonstrate that information transfer and causal\nrelation universally originate from specific information synergy and redundancy\nphenomena characterized by high-order mutual information. More importantly, our\ntheory analytically explains the mechanisms for information transfer and causal\nrelation to originate, vanish, and differ from each other. Moreover, our theory\nnaturally defines the effect sizes of information transfer and causal relation\nbased on high-dimensional coupling events. These results may provide a unified\nview of information, synergy, and causal relation to bridge Pearl's causal\ninference theory in computer science and information transfer analysis in\nphysics.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of glassy systems in an external field: We study the mean-field phase diagram of glassy systems in a field pointing\nin the direction of a metastable state. We find competition among a\n``magnetized'' and a ``disordered'' phase, that are separated by a coexistence\nline as in ordinary first order phase transitions. The coexistence line\nterminates in a critical point, which in principle can be observed in numerical\nsimulations of glassy models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transition Points and Classical Probability: In order to gain a deeper understanding of complex systems and infer key\ninformation using minimal data, I classify all configurations based on\nclassical probability, starting from the dimensions of energy and different\ncategories of configurations. By utilizing the principle of maximum entropy, it\nis concluded that all possible configurations with the same energy have equal\nprobabilities of occurrence. By using different representations of high and low\nenergy, the emergence of a transition point has been inferred. Finally, I take\nthe Ising model as an example and calculate the transition point of the\nthermodynamic phase transition, which is determined to be 2.25. This value is\nvery close to the simulation value obtained by Monte Carlo method, but I have\nonly consumed a small amount of computational resources in the process.",
        "positive": "Exact Results for Interacting Hard Rigid Rotors on a d-Dimensional\n  Lattice: We study the entropy of a set of identical hard objects, of general shape,\nwith each object pivoted on the vertices of a d-dimensional regular lattice of\nlattice spacing a, but can have arbitrary orientations. When the pivoting point\nis situated asymmetrically on the object, we show that there is a range of\nlattice spacings a, where in any orientation, a particle can overlap with at\nmost one of its neighbors. In this range, the entropy of the system of\nparticles can be expressed exactly in terms of the grand partition function of\ncoverings of the base lattice by dimers at a finite negative activity. The\nexact entropy in this range is fully determined by the second virial\ncoefficient. Calculation of the partition function is also shown to be\nreducible to that of the same model with discretized orientations. We determine\nthe exact functional form of the probability distribution function of\norientations at a site. This depends on the density of dimers for the given\nactivity in the dimer problem, that we determine by summing the corresponding\nMayer series numerically. These results are verified by numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral statistics of multi-parametric Gaussian ensembles with chiral\n  symmetry: The statistics of chiral matrix ensembles with uncorrelated but multivariate\nGaussian distributed elements is intuitively expected to be driven by many\nparameters. Contrary to intuition, however, our theoretical analysis reveals\nthe existence of a single parameter, a function of all ensemble parameters,\nwhich governs the dynamics of spectral statistics. The analysis not only\nextends the similar formulation (known as complexity parameter formulation) for\nthe Hermitian ensembles without chirality to those with it but also reveals the\nunderlying connection between chiral complex systems with seemingly different\nsystem conditions as well as to other complex systems e.g. multi-parametric\nWishart ensembles as well as generalized Calogero Sutherland Hamiltonian (CSH).",
        "positive": "Sloppiness and Emergent Theories in Physics, Biology, and Beyond: Large scale models of physical phenomena demand the development of new\nstatistical and computational tools in order to be effective. Many such models\nare `sloppy', i.e., exhibit behavior controlled by a relatively small number of\nparameter combinations. We review an information theoretic framework for\nanalyzing sloppy models. This formalism is based on the Fisher Information\nMatrix, which we interpret as a Riemannian metric on a parameterized space of\nmodels. Distance in this space is a measure of how distinguishable two models\nare based on their predictions. Sloppy model manifolds are bounded with a\nhierarchy of widths and extrinsic curvatures. We show how the manifold boundary\napproximation can extract the simple, hidden theory from complicated sloppy\nmodels. We attribute the success of simple effective models in physics as\nlikewise emerging from complicated processes exhibiting a low effective\ndimensionality. We discuss the ramifications and consequences of sloppy models\nfor biochemistry and science more generally. We suggest that the reason our\ncomplex world is understandable is due to the same fundamental reason: simple\ntheories of macroscopic behavior are hidden inside complicated microscopic\nprocesses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Level Spacing of Random Matrices in an External Source: In an earlier work we had considered a Gaussian ensemble of random matrices\nin the presence of a given external matrix source. The measure is no longer\nunitary invariant and the usual techniques based on orthogonal polynomials, or\non the Coulomb gas representation, are not available. Nevertheless the n-point\ncorrelation functions are still given in terms of the determinant of a kernel,\nknown through an explicit integral representation. This kernel is no longer\nsymmetric though and is not readily accessible to standard methods. In\nparticular finding the level spacing probability is always a delicate problem\nin Fredholm theory, and we have to reconsider the problem within our model. We\nfind a new class of universality for the level spacing distribution when the\nspectrum of the source is ajusted to produce a vanishing gap in the density of\nthe state. The problem is solved through coupled non-linear differential\nequations, which turn out to form a Hamiltonian system. As a result we find\nthat the level spacing probability $p(s)$ behaves like $\\exp[ - C\ns^{{8\\over{3}}}]$ for large spacing $s$; this is consistent with the asymptotic\nbehavior $\\exp[ - C s^{2 \\beta + 2}]$, whenever the density of state behaves\nnear the edge as $\\rho(\\lambda)\\sim \\lambda^{\\beta}$.",
        "positive": "Stability of Amorphous Structures with Voids: We incorporate the role of free volume in the density function of the\namorphous structure and study its effects on the stability of such structures.\nThe Density Functional Theory is used to explore this ``Free Volume Model'' of\nthe supercooled structures. The Free energy minimization is carried out using\nthe void concentration as a variational parameter. A critical value of this\nconcentration exists corresponding to the Free energy minima of the amorphous\nstructure. An increase in the stability is observed due to the inclusion of\nvoids in the density structure. This study is conducted for both the weakly and\nhighly localized amorphous structures. The free volume concentration shows a\npower law decrease with density for the weakly localized states and a linear\ndecrease for the highly localized amorphous structures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipative Floquet Dynamical Quantum Phase Transition: Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians provide a simple picture for inspecting\ndissipative systems with natural or induced gain and loss. We investigate the\nFloquet dynamical phase transition in the dissipative periodically time driven\nXY and extended XY models, where the imaginary terms represent the physical\ngain and loss during the interacting processes with the environment. The\ntime-independent effective Floquet non-Hermitian Hamiltonians disclose three\nregions by analyzing the non-Hermitian gap: pure real gap (real eigenvalues),\npure imaginary gap, and complex gap. We show that each region of the system can\nbe distinguished by the complex geometrical non-adiabatic phase. We have\ndiscovered that in the presence of dissipation, the Floquet dynamical phase\ntransitions (FDPTs) still exist in the region where the time-independent\neffective Floquet non-Hermitian Hamiltonians reveal real eigenvalues. Opposed\nto expectations based on earlier works on quenched systems, our findings show\nthat the existence of the non-Hermitian topological phase is not an essential\ncondition for dissipative FDPTs (DFDPTs). We also demonstrate the range of\ndriven frequency, over which the DFDPTs occur, narrows down by increasing the\ndissipation coupling and shrinks to a single point at the critical value of\ndissipation. Moreover, quantization and jumps of the dynamical geometric phase\nreveals the topological characteristic feature of DFDPTs in the real gap region\nwhere confined to exceptional points.",
        "positive": "Composition law of $\u03ba$-entropy for statistically independent\n  systems: The intriguing and still open question concerning the composition law of\n$\\kappa$-entropy $S_{\\kappa}(f)=\\frac{1}{2\\kappa}\\sum_i\n(f_i^{1-\\kappa}-f_i^{1+\\kappa})$ with $0<\\kappa<1$ and $\\sum_i f_i =1$ is here\nreconsidered and solved. It is shown that, for a statistical system described\nby the probability distribution $f=\\{ f_{ij}\\}$, made up of two statistically\nindependent subsystems, described through the probability distributions $p=\\{\np_i\\}$ and $q=\\{ q_j\\}$, respectively, with $f_{ij}=p_iq_j$, the joint entropy\n$S_{\\kappa}(p\\,q)$ can be obtained starting from the $S_{\\kappa}(p)$ and\n$S_{\\kappa}(q)$ entropies, and additionally from the entropic functionals\n$S_{\\kappa}(p/e_{\\kappa})$ and $S_{\\kappa}(q/e_{\\kappa})$, $e_{\\kappa}$ being\nthe $\\kappa$-Napier number. The composition law of the $\\kappa$-entropy is\ngiven in closed form, and emerges as a one-parameter generalization of the\nordinary additivity law of Boltzmann-Shannon entropy recovered in the $\\kappa\n\\rightarrow 0$ limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Levy Flights in External Force Fields: From Models to Equations: We consider different generalizations of the Fokker-Planck-equation devised\nto describe Levy processes in potential force fields. We show that such\ngeneralizations can proceed along different lines. On one hand,\n  Levy statistics can emerge from the fractal temporal nature of the underlying\nprocess, i.e. a high variability in the rate of microscopic events. On the\nother hand, they may be a direct consequence of the scale-free spatial\nstructure on which the process evolves. Although both forms considered lead to\nBoltzmann equilibrium, the relaxation patterns are quite different.\n  As an example, generalized diffusion in a double-well potential is\nconsidered.",
        "positive": "Maxwell and very hard particle models for probabilistic ballistic\n  annihilation: hydrodynamic description: The hydrodynamic description of probabilistic ballistic annihilation, for\nwhich no conservation laws hold, is an intricate problem with hard sphere-like\ndynamics for which no exact solution exists. We consequently focus on\nsimplified approaches, the Maxwell and very hard particles (VHP) models, which\nallows us to compute analytically upper and lower bounds for several\nquantities. The purpose is to test the possibility of describing such a far\nfrom equilibrium dynamics with simplified kinetic models. The motivation is\nalso in turn to assess the relevance of some singular features appearing within\nthe original model and the approximations invoked to study it. The scaling\nexponents are first obtained from the (simplified) Boltzmann equation, and are\nconfronted against Monte Carlo simulation (DSMC technique). Then, the\nChapman-Enskog method is used to obtain constitutive relations and transport\ncoefficients. The corresponding Navier-Stokes equations for the hydrodynamic\nfields are derived for both Maxwell and VHP models. We finally perform a linear\nstability analysis around the homogeneous solution, which illustrates the\nimportance of dissipation in the possible development of spatial\ninhomogeneities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Is the Information Entropy the Same as the Statistical Mechanical\n  Entropy?: It is shown that the standard expression for the information entropy,\noriginally due to Shannon, is only valid for a particular set of states. For\nthe general case of statistical mechanics, one needs to include an additional\nterm in the expression for the entropy as a function of the probability. A\nsimple derivation of the general formula is given.",
        "positive": "Theory of The Double Layer in Water-in-Salt Electrolytes: One challenge in developing the next generation of lithium-ion batteries is\nthe replacement of organic electrolytes, which are flammable and most often\ncontain toxic and thermally unstable lithium salts, with safer, environmentally\nfriendly alternatives. Recently developed Water-in-Salt Electrolytes (WiSEs)\nwere found to be a promising alternative, having also enhanced electrochemical\nstability. In this work, we develop a simple modified Poisson-Fermi theory,\nwhich demonstrates the fine interplay between electrosorption, solvation, and\nion correlations. The phenomenological parameters are extracted from molecular\nsimulations, also performed here. The theory reproduces the electrical double\nlayer structure of WiSEs with remarkable accuracy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Elastic Energy and Phase Structure in a Continuous Spin Ising Chain with\n  Applications to the Protein Folding Problem: We present a numerical Monte Carlo analysis of a continuos spin Ising chain\nthat can describe the statistical proterties of folded proteins. We find that\ndepending on the value of the Metropolis temperature, the model displays the\nthree known nontrivial phases of polymers: At low temperatures the model is in\na collapsed phase, at medium temperatures it is in a random walk phase, and at\nhigh temperatures it enters the self-avoiding random walk phase. By\ninvestigating the temperature dependence of the specific energy we confirm that\nthe transition between the collapsed phase and the random walk phase is a phase\ntransition, while the random walk phase and self-avoiding random walk phase are\nseparated from each other by a cross-over transition. We also compare the\npredictions of the model to a phenomenological elastic energy formula, proposed\nby Huang and Lei to describe folded proteins.",
        "positive": "Noise driven current reversal and stabilisation in the tilted ratchet\n  potential subject to tempered stable L\u00e9vy noise: We consider motion of a particle in a one-dimensional tilted ratchet\npotential subject to two-sided tempered stable L\\'{e}vy noise characterised by\nstrength $\\Omega$, fractional index $\\alpha$, skew $\\theta$ and tempering\n$\\lambda$. We derive analytic solutions to the corresponding Fokker-Planck\nL\\'{e}vy equations for the probability density. Due to the periodicity of the\npotential, we carry out reduction to a compact domain and solve for the\nanalogue there of steady-state solutions which we represent as wrapped\nprobability density functions. By solving for the expected value of the current\nassociated with the particle motion, we are able to determine threshold for\nmetastability of the system, namely when the particle stabilises in a well of\nthe potential and when the particle is in motion, for example as a consequence\nof the tilt of the potential. Because the noise may be asymmetric, we examine\nthe relationship between skew of the noise and the tilt of the potential. With\ntempering, we find two remarkable regimes where the current may be reversed in\na direction opposite to the tilt or where the particle may be stabilised in a\nwell in circumstances where deterministically it should flow with the tilt."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytical results for the entanglement Hamiltonian of a free-fermion\n  chain: We study the ground-state entanglement Hamiltonian for an interval of $N$\nsites in a free-fermion chain with arbitrary filling. By relating it to a\ncommuting operator, we find explicit expressions for its matrix elements in the\nlarge-$N$ limit. The results agree with numerical calculations and show that\ndeviations from the conformal prediction persist even for large systems.",
        "positive": "From crystal to amorphopus: a novel route towards unjamming in soft disk\n  packings: It is presented a numerical study on the unjamming packing fraction of bi-\nand polydisperse disk packings, which are generated through compression of a\nmonodisperse crystal. In bidisperse systems, a fraction f_+ = 40% up to 80% of\nthe total number of particles have their radii increased by \\Delta R, while the\nrest has their radii decreased by the same amount. Polydisperse packings are\nprepared by changing all particle radii according to a uniform distribution in\nthe range [-\\Delta R,\\Delta R]. The results indicate that the critical packing\nfraction is never larger than the value for the initial monodisperse crystal,\n\\phi = \\pi/12, and that the lowest value achieved is approximately the one for\nrandom close packing. These results are seen as a consequence of the interplay\nbetween the increase in small-small particle contacts and the local crystalline\norder provided by the large-large particle contacts."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Corresponding states law for a generalized Lennard-Jones potential: It was recently shown that vapor-liquid coexistence densities derived from\nMie and Yukawa models collapse to define a single master curve when represented\nagainst the difference between the reduced second virial coefficient at the\ncorresponding temperature and that at the critical point. In this work we\nfurther test this proposal for another generalization of the Lennard-Jones pair\npotential. This is carried out for vapor-liquid coexistence densities, surface\ntension, and vapor pressure, along a temperature window set below the critical\npoint. For this purpose we perform molecular dynamics simulations by varying\nthe potential softness parameter to produce from very short to intermediate\nattractive ranges. We observed all properties to collapse and yield master\ncurves. Moreover, the vapor-liquid curve is found to share the exact shape of\nthe Mie and attractive Yukawa. Furthermore, the surface tension and the\nlogarithm of the vapor pressure are linear functions of this difference of\nreduced second virial coefficients.",
        "positive": "Stochastic dynamics of two-step processes with harmonic potential: In this paper we address the one-dimensional problem of stochastic renewal in\ndifferent damping environments. An ensemble of particles with some specified\ninitial distribution in phase space are allowed to evolve stochastically till a\ncertain instant of time (say,$tau$), when a restoring force is applied to bring\nthem back to some point in configuration space. The physical quantities of\ninterest that have been studied are the Survival Probability and the First\nPassage distribution for return to the specified target point. We observe\nnontrivial dependence of these quantities on $tau$ as well as on the width of\nthe initial distribution, which has been taken to be Gaussian in position and\nvelocity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A contiuum model for low temperature relaxation of crystal steps: High and low temperature relaxation of crystal steps are described in a\nunified picture, using a continuum model based on a modified expression of the\nstep free energy. Results are in agreement with experiments and Monte Carlo\nsimulations of step fluctuations and monolayer cluster diffusion and\nrelaxation. In an extended model where mass exchange with neighboring terraces\nis allowed, step transparency and a low temperature regime for unstable step\nmeandering are found.",
        "positive": "Friction and noise for a probe in a nonequilibrium fluid: We investigate the fluctuation dynamics of a probe around a deterministic\nmotion induced by interactions with driven particles. The latter constitute the\nnonequilibrium medium in which the probe is immersed and is modelled as\noverdamped Langevin particle dynamics driven by nonconservative forces. The\nexpansion that yields the friction and noise expressions for the reduced probe\ndynamics is based on linear response around a time dependent nonequilibrium\ncondition of the medium. The result contains an extension of the second\nfluctuation dissipation relation between friction and noise for probe motion in\na nonequilibrium fluid"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stylized facts of financial markets and market crashes in Minority Games: We present and study a Minority Game based model of a financial market where\nadaptive agents -- the speculators -- interact with deterministic agents --\ncalled producers. Speculators trade only if they detect predictable patterns\nwhich grant them a positive gain. Indeed the average number of active\nspeculators grows with the amount of information that producers inject into the\nmarket. Transitions between equilibrium and out of equilibrium behavior are\nobserved when the relative number of speculators to the complexity of\ninformation or to the number of producers are changed. When the system is out\nof equilibrium, stylized facts arise, such as fat tailed distribution of\nreturns and volatility clustering. Without speculators, the price follows a\nrandom walk; this implies that stylized facts arise because of the presence of\nspeculators. Furthermore, if speculators abandon price taking behavior,\nstylized facts disappear.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamic Correlation Functions of a Driven Granular Fluid in Steady\n  State: We study a homogeneously driven granular fluid of hard spheres at\nintermediate volume fractions and focus on time-delayed correlation functions\nin the stationary state. Inelastic collisions are modeled by incomplete normal\nrestitution, allowing for efficient simulations with an event-driven algorithm.\nThe incoherent scattering function, F_incoh(q,t), is seen to follow\ntime-density superposition with a relaxation time that increases significantly\nas volume fraction increases. The statistics of particle displacements is\napproximately Gaussian. For the coherent scattering function S(q,omega) we\ncompare our results to the predictions of generalized fluctuating hydrodynamics\nwhich takes into account that temperature fluctuations decay either diffusively\nor with a finite relaxation rate, depending on wave number and inelasticity.\nFor sufficiently small wave number q we observe sound waves in the coherent\nscattering function S(q,omega) and the longitudinal current correlation\nfunction C_l(q,omega). We determine the speed of sound and the transport\ncoefficients and compare them to the results of kinetic theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin Model for Inverse Melting and Inverse Glass Transition: A spin model that displays inverse melting and inverse glass transition is\npresented and analyzed. Strong degeneracy of the interacting states of an\nindividual spin leads to entropic preference of the \"ferromagnetic\" phase,\nwhile lower energy associated with the non-interacting states yields a\n\"paramagnetic\" phase as temperature decreases. An infinite range model is\nsolved analytically for constant paramagnetic exchange interaction, while for\nits random exchange, analogous results based on the replica symmetric solution\nare presented. The qualitative features of this model are shown to resemble a\nlarge class of inverse melting phenomena. First and second order transition\nregimes are identified.",
        "positive": "Phase Transitions and Scaling in Systems Far From Equilibrium: Scaling ideas and renormalization group approaches proved crucial for a deep\nunderstanding and classification of critical phenomena in thermal equilibrium.\nOver the past decades, these powerful conceptual and mathematical tools were\nextended to continuous phase transitions separating distinct non-equilibrium\nstationary states in driven classical and quantum systems. In concordance with\ndetailed numerical simulations and laboratory experiments, several prominent\ndynamical universality classes have emerged that govern large-scale, long-time\nscaling properties both near and far from thermal equilibrium. These pertain to\ngenuine specific critical points as well as entire parameter space regions for\nsteady states that display generic scale invariance. The exploration of\nnon-stationary relaxation properties and associated physical aging scaling\nconstitutes a complementary potent means to characterize cooperative dynamics\nin complex out-of-equilibrium systems. This article describes dynamic scaling\nfeatures through paradigmatic examples that include near-equilibrium critical\ndynamics, driven lattice gases and growing interfaces, correlation-dominated\nreaction-diffusion systems, and basic epidemic models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractal analysis of three-dimensional grayscale images: Estimation\n  of generalized fractal dimension and singularity spectrum: A multifractal analysis is performed on a three-dimensional grayscale image\nassociated with a complex system. First, a procedure for generating 3D\nsynthetic images (2D image stacks) of a complex structure exhibiting\nmultifractal behaviour is described. Then, in order to characterize the 3D\nsystem, the theoretical calculation of the generalized fractal dimension and\ntwo different approaches for evaluating the singularity spectrum are presented.",
        "positive": "A Thermostat for Molecular Dynamics of Complex Fluids: A thermostat of the Nose-Hoover type, based on relative velocities and a\nlocal definition of the temperature, is presented. The thermostat is\nmomentum-conserving and Galilean-invariant, which should make it suitable for\nuse in Dissipative Particle Dynamics simulations, as well as nonequilibrium\nmolecular dynamics simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multinucleation in the first-order phase transition of the 2d Potts\n  model: Using large-scale numerical simulations we studied the kinetics of the 2d\nq-Potts model for q > 4 after a shallow subcritical quench from a\nhigh-temperature homogeneous configuration. This protocol drives the system\nacross a first-order phase transition. The initial state is metastable after\nthe quench and, for final temperatures close to the critical one, the system\nescapes from it via a multi-nucleation process. The ensuing relaxation towards\nequilibrium proceeds through coarsening with competition between the equivalent\nground states. This process has been analyzed for different choices of the\nparameters such as the number of states and the final quench temperature.",
        "positive": "Density Induced Phases in Active Nematic: We introduce a minimal model for a collection of self-propelled apolar active\nparticles, also called as `active nematic', on a two-dimensional substrate and\nstudy the order-disorder transition with the variation of density. The\nparticles interact with their neighbours within the framework of the\nLebwohl-Lasher model and move asymmetrically, along their orientation, to\nunoccupied nearest neighbour lattice sites. At a density lower than the\nequilibrium isotropic-nematic transition density, the active nematic shows a\nfirst order transition from the isotropic state to a banded state. The banded\nstate extends over a range of density, and the scalar order parameter of the\nsystem shows a plateau like behaviour, similar to that of the magnetic systems.\nIn the large density limit the active nematic shows a bistable behaviour\nbetween a homogeneous ordered state with global ordering and an inhomogeneous\nmixed state with local ordering. The study of the above phases with density\nvariation is scant and gives significant insight of complex behaviours of many\nbiological systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generic model of morphological changes in growing colonies of fungi: Fungal colonies are able to exhibit different morphologies depending on the\nenviromental conditions. This allows them to cope with and adapt to external\nchanges. When grown in solid or semi-solid media the bulk of the colony is\ncompact and several morphological transitions have been reported to occur as\nthe external conditions are varied. Here we show how a unified simple\nmathematical model, which includes the effect of the accumulation of toxic\nmetabolites, can account for the morphological changes observed. Our numerical\nresults are in excellent agreement with experiments carried out with the fungus\nAspergillus oryzae on solid agar.",
        "positive": "Burnett coefficients in quantum many-body systems: The Burnett coefficient B is investigated for transport in one-dimensional\nquantum many-body systems. Extensive numerical computations in spin-1/2 chains\nsuggest a linear growth with time, B(t) \\sim t, for non-integrable chains\nexhibiting diffusive transport. For integrable spin chains in the metallic\nregime, on the other hand, we find a cubic growth with time, B(t) \\sim -D_m^2\nt^3, with the proportionality constant being simply a square of the Drude\nweight D_m. The results are corroborated with additional studies in\nnon-interacting quantum chains and in the classical limit of large-spin chains."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical probability distributions of the order parameter from the\n  functional renormalization group: We show that the functional renormalization group (FRG) allows for the\ncalculation of the probability distribution function of the sum of strongly\ncorrelated random variables. On the example of the three-dimensional Ising\nmodel at criticality and using the simplest implementation of the FRG, we\ncompute the probability distribution functions of the order parameter or\nequivalently its logarithm, called the rate functions in large deviations\ntheory. We compute the entire family of universal scaling functions, obtained\nin the limit where the system size $L$ and the correlation length of the\ninfinite system $\\xi_{\\infty}$ diverge, with the ratio $\\zeta=L/\\xi_{\\infty}$\nheld fixed. It compares very accurately with numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "The Boltzmann equation for driven systems of inelastic soft spheres: We study a generic class of inelastic soft sphere models with a binary\ncollision rate $g^\\nu$ that depends on the relative velocity $g$. This includes\npreviously studied inelastic hard spheres ($\\nu=1$) and inelastic Maxwell\nmolecules ($\\nu=0$). We develop a new asymptotic method for analyzing large\ndeviations from Gaussian behavior for the velocity distribution function\n$f(c)$. The framework is that of the spatially uniform nonlinear Boltzmann\nequation and special emphasis is put on the situation where the system is\ndriven by white noise. Depending on the value of exponent $\\nu$, three\ndifferent situations are reported. For $\\nu<-2$, the non-equilibrium steady\nstate is a repelling fixed point of the dynamics. For $\\nu>-2$, it becomes an\nattractive fixed point, with velocity distributions $f(c)$ having stretched\nexponential behavior at large $c$. The corresponding dominant behavior of\n$f(c)$ is computed together with sub-leading corrections. In the marginally\nstable case $\\nu=-2$, the high energy tail of $f(c)$ is of power law type and\nthe associated exponents are calculated. Our analytical predictions are\nconfronted with Monte Carlo simulations, with a remarkably good agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On optimal tempered L\u00e9vy flight foraging: Optimal random foraging strategy has gained increasing concentrations. It is\nshown that L\\'evy flight is more efficient compared with the Brownian motion\nwhen the targets are sparse. However, standard L\\'evy flight generally cannot\nbe followed in practice. In this paper, we assume that each flight of the\nforager is possibly interrupted by some uncertain factors, such as obstacles on\nthe flight direction, natural enemies in the vision distance, and restrictions\nin the energy storage for each flight, and introduce the tempered L\\'evy\ndistribution $p(l)\\sim {\\rm e}^{-\\rho l}l^{-\\mu}$. It is validated by both\ntheoretical analyses and simulation results that a higher searching efficiency\ncan be derived when a smaller $\\rho$ or $\\mu$ is chosen. Moreover, by taking\nthe flight time as the waiting time, the master equation of the random\nsearching procedure can be obtained. Interestingly, we build two different\ntypes of master equations: one is the standard diffusion equation and the other\none is the tempered fractional diffusion equation.",
        "positive": "Nucleation of Market Shocks in Sornette-Ide model: The Sornette-Ide differential equation of herding and rational trader\nbehaviour together with very small random noise is shown to lead to crashes or\nbubbles where the price change goes to infinity after an unpredictable time.\nAbout 100 time steps before this singularity, a few predictable roughly\nlog-periodic oscillations are seen."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Limits to Fluctuation Dynamics: The fluctuation of an experimentally measured observable, along with its\nmean, constitutes the fundamental ingredient of a non-equilibrium system\ninvolving randomness. Despite previous efforts, a comprehensive framework for\ncharacterizing the temporal dynamics of fluctuations of observables remains\nelusive. In this manuscript, we develop a ubiquitous theory concerning rigorous\nlimits to the rate of fluctuation growth. We discover a simple principle that\nthe time derivative of the standard deviation of an observable is upper bound\nby the standard deviation of an appropriate observable describing velocity.\nThis indicates a hitherto unknown tradeoff relation between the changes for the\nmean and standard deviation, i.e., the sum of the squares for these quantities\ncannot exceed certain cost determined by dynamical processes. The cost can be\nkinetic energy for hydrodynamics, irreversible entropy production rate for\nthermodynamic processes, energy fluctuations for unitary quantum dynamics, and\nquantum Fisher information for dissipative quantum dynamics. Our results open\nan avenue toward a quantitative theory of fluctuation dynamics in various\nnon-equilibrium systems, encompassing quantum many-body systems and nonlinear\npopulation dynamics, as well as toward our understanding of how to control\nthem.",
        "positive": "Quantum fluctuation theorems and power measurements: Work in the paradigm of the quantum fluctuation theorems of Crooks and\nJarzynski is determined by projective measurements of energy at the beginning\nand end of the force protocol. In analogy to classical systems, we consider an\nalternative definition of work given by the integral of the supplied power\ndetermined by integrating up the results of repeated measurements of the\ninstantaneous power during the force protocol. We observe that such a\ndefinition of work, in spite of taking account of the process dependence, has\ndifferent possible values and statistics from the work determined by the\nconventional two energy measurement approach (TEMA). In the limit of many\nprojective measurements of power, the system's dynamics is frozen in the power\nmeasurement basis due to the quantum Zeno effect leading to statistics only\ntrivially dependent on the force protocol. In general the Jarzynski relation is\nnot satisfied except for the case when the instantaneous power operator\ncommutes with the total Hamiltonian at all times. We also consider properties\nof the joint statistics of power-based definition of work and TEMA work in\nprotocols where both values are determined. This allows us to quantify their\ncorrelations. Relaxing the projective measurement condition, weak continuous\nmeasurements of power are considered within the stochastic master equation\nformalism. Even in this scenario the power-based work statistics is in general\nnot able to reproduce qualitative features of the TEMA work statistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local Coarse-grained Approximation to Path Integral Monte Carlo\n  Integration for Fermion Systems: An approximate treatment of exchange in finite-temperature path integral\nMonte Carlo simulations for fermions has been proposed. In this method, some of\nthe fine details of density matrix due to permutations have been smoothed over\nor averaged out by using the coarse-grained approximation. The practical\nusefulness of the method is tested for interacting fermions in a three\ndimensional harmonic well. The results show that, the present method not only\nreduces the sign fluctuation of the density matrix, but also avoid the fermion\nsystem collapsing into boson system at low temperatures. The method is\nsubstantiated to be exact when applied to free particles.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamics and transport coefficients for Granular Gases: The hydrodynamics of granular gases of viscoelastic particles, whose\ncollision is described by an impact-velocity dependent coefficient of\nrestitution, is developed using a modified Chapman-Enskog approach. We derive\nthe hydrodynamic equations and the according transport coefficients with the\nassumption that the shape of the velocity distribution function follows\nadiabatically the decaying temperature. We show numerically that this\napproximation is justified up to intermediate dissipation. The transport\ncoefficients and the coefficient of cooling are expressed in terms of the\nelastic and dissipative parameters of the particle material and by the gas\nparameters. The dependence of these coefficients on temperature differs\nqualitatively from that obtained with the simplifying assumption of a constant\ncoefficient of restitution which was used in previous studies. The approach\nformulated for gases of viscoelastic particles may be applied also for other\nimpact-velocity dependencies of the restitution coefficient."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Giant leaps and long excursions: fluctuation mechanisms in systems with\n  long-range memory: We analyse large deviations of time-averaged quantities in stochastic\nprocesses with long-range memory, where the dynamics at time t depends itself\non the value q_t of the time-averaged quantity. First we consider the elephant\nrandom walk and a Gaussian variant of this model, identifying two mechanisms\nfor unusual fluctuation behaviour, which differ from the Markovian case. In\nparticular, the memory can lead to large deviation principles with reduced\nspeeds, and to non-analytic rate functions. We then explain how the mechanisms\noperating in these two models are generic for memory-dependent dynamics and\nshow other examples including a non-Markovian symmetric exclusion process.",
        "positive": "Atom-molecule Rabi oscillations in a Mott insulator: We observe large-amplitude Rabi oscillations between an atomic and a\nmolecular state near a Feshbach resonance. The experiment uses 87Rb in an\noptical lattice and a Feshbach resonance near 414 G. The frequency and\namplitude of the oscillations depend on magnetic field in a way that is well\ndescribed by a two-level model. The observed density dependence of the\noscillation frequency agrees with the theoretical expectation. We confirmed\nthat the state produced after a half-cycle contains exactly one molecule at\neach lattice site. In addition, we show that for energies in a gap of the\nlattice band structure, the molecules cannot dissociate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometrical aspects of protein folding: These lectures will address two questions. Is there a simple variational\nprinciple underlying the existence of secondary motifs in the native state of\nproteins? Is there a general approach which can qualitatively capture the\nsalient features of the folding process and which may be useful for\ninterpreting and guiding experiments? Here, we present three different\napproaches to the first question, which demonstrate the key role played by the\ntopology of the native state of proteins. The second question pertaining to the\nfolding dynamics of proteins remains a challenging problem -- a detailed\ndescription capturing the interactions between amino acids among each other and\nwith the solvent is a daunting task. We address this issue building on the\nlessons learned in tackling the first question and apply the resulting method\nto the folding of various proteins including HIV protease and membrane\nproteins. The results that will be presented open a fascinating perspective:\nthe two questions appear to be intimately related. The variety of results\nreported here all provide evidence in favour of the special criteria adopted by\nnature in the selection of viable protein folds, ranging from optimal\ncompactness to maximum dynamical and geometrical accessibility of the native\nstates.",
        "positive": "Array-induced collective transport in the Brownian motion of coupled\n  nonlinear oscillator systems: Brownian motion of an array of harmonically coupled particles subject to a\nperiodic substrate potential and driven by an external bias is investigated. In\nthe linear response limit (small bias), the coupling between particles may\nenhance the diffusion process, depending on the competition between the\nharmonic chain and the substrate potential. An analytical formula of the\ndiffusion rate for the single-particle case is also obtained. In the nonlinear\nresponse regime, the moving kink may become phase-locked to its radiated phonon\nwaves, hence the mobility of the chain may decrease as one increases the\nexternal force."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy Maximization with Linear Constraints: The Uniqueness of the\n  Shannon Entropy: Within a framework of utmost generality, we show that the entropy\nmaximization procedure with linear constraints uniquely leads to the\nShannon-Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy. Therefore, the use of this procedure with\nlinear constraints should not be extended to the generalized entropies\nintroduced recently. In passing, it is remarked how the forceful use of the\nentropy maximization for the Tsallis and R\\'enyi entropies implies either the\nShannon limit of these entropies or self-referential contradictions. Finally,\nwe note that the utilization of the entropy maximization procedure with\ndifferent averaging schemes is beyond the scope of this work.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation-dissipation relations in driven dissipative systems: Exact theoretical results for the violation of time dependent\nfluctuation-dissipation relations in driven dissipative systems are presented.\nThe ratio of correlation to delayed response in the stochastic model introduced\nin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 240601 (2004)] is shown to depend on measurement time.\nThe fluctuation temperature defined by this ratio differs both from the\ntemperature of the environment performing the driving, and from other effective\ntemperatures of the system, such as the average energy (or \"granular\ntemperature\"). General explanations are given for the time independence of\nfluctuation temperature for simple measurements or long measurement times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal schedules for annealing algorithms: Annealing algorithms such as simulated annealing and population annealing are\nwidely used both for sampling the Gibbs distribution and solving optimization\nproblems (i.e. finding ground states). For both statistical mechanics and\noptimization, additional parameters beyond temperature are often needed such as\nchemical potentials, external fields or Lagrange multipliers enforcing\nconstraints. In this paper we derive a formalism for optimal annealing\nschedules in multidimensional parameter spaces using methods from\nnon-equilibrium statistical mechanics. The results are closely related to work\non optimal control of thermodynamic systems [Sivak and Crooks, PRL 108, 190602\n(2012)]. Within the formalism, we compare the efficiency of population\nannealing and multiple weighted runs of simulated annealing (\"annealed\nimportance sampling\") and discuss the effects of non-ergodicity on both\nalgorithms. Theoretical results are supported by numerical simulations of spin\nglasses.",
        "positive": "Mechanocaloric and Thermomechanical Effects in Bose-Einstein Condensed\n  Systems: In this paper we extend previous hydrodynamic equations, governing the motion\nof Bose-Einstein-condensed fluids, to include temperature effects. This allows\nus to analyze some differences between a normal fluid and a\nBose-Einstein-condensed one. We show that, in close analogy with superfluid\nHe-4, a Bose-Einstein-condensed fluid exhibits the mechanocaloric and\nthermomechanical effects. In our approach we can explain both effects without\nusing the hypothesis that the Bose-Einstein-condensed fluid has zero entropy.\nSuch ideas could be investigated in existing experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermalisation Dynamics and Spectral Statistics of Extended Systems with\n  Thermalising Boundaries: We study thermalisation and spectral properties of extended systems\nconnected, through their boundaries, to a thermalising Markovian bath.\nSpecifically, we consider periodically driven systems modelled by brickwork\nquantum circuits where a finite section (block) of the circuit is constituted\nby arbitrary local unitary gates while its complement, which plays the role of\nthe bath, is dual-unitary. We show that the evolution of local observables and\nthe spectral form factor are determined by the same quantum channel, which we\nuse to characterise the system's dynamics and spectral properties. In\nparticular, we identify a family of fine-tuned quantum circuits -- which we\ncall strongly non-ergodic -- that fails to thermalise even in this controlled\nsetting, and, accordingly, their spectral form factor does not follow the\nrandom matrix theory prediction. We provide a set of necessary conditions on\nthe local quantum gates that lead to strong non-ergodicity, and in the case of\nqubits, we provide a complete classification of strongly non-ergodic circuits.\nWe also study the opposite extreme case of circuits that are almost\ndual-unitary, i.e., where thermalisation occurs with the fastest possible rate.\nWe show that, in these systems, local observables and spectral form factor\napproach respectively thermal values and random matrix theory prediction\nexponentially fast. We provide a perturbative characterisation of the dynamics\nand, in particular, of the time-scale for thermalisation.",
        "positive": "Survival probability and order statistics of diffusion on disordered\n  media: We investigate the first passage time t_{j,N} to a given chemical or\nEuclidean distance of the first j of a set of N>>1 independent random walkers\nall initially placed on a site of a disordered medium. To solve this\norder-statistics problem we assume that, for short times, the survival\nprobability (the probability that a single random walker is not absorbed by a\nhyperspherical surface during some time interval) decays for disordered media\nin the same way as for Euclidean and some class of deterministic fractal\nlattices. This conjecture is checked by simulation on the incipient percolation\naggregate embedded in two dimensions. Arbitrary moments of t_{j,N} are\nexpressed in terms of an asymptotic series in powers of 1/ln N which is\nformally identical to those found for Euclidean and (some class of)\ndeterministic fractal lattices. The agreement of the asymptotic expressions\nwith simulation results for the two-dimensional percolation aggregate is good\nwhen the boundary is defined in terms of the chemical distance. The agreement\nworsens slightly when the Euclidean distance is used."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal expression for adiabatic pumping in terms of non-equilibrium\n  steady states: We develop a unified treatment of pumping and nonequilibrium thermodynamics.\nWe show that the pumping current generated through an adiabatic mechanical\noperation in equilibrium can be expressed in terms of the stationary\ndistribution of the corresponding driven nonequilibrium system. We also show\nthat the total transfer in pumping can be evaluated from the work imported to\nthe driven counterpart. These findings lead us to a unified viewpoint for\npumping and nonequilibrium thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Spin transport in magnetically ordered systems: effect of the lattice\n  relaxation time: Spin resistivity $R$ has been shown to result mainly from the scattering of\nitinerant spins with magnetic impurities and lattice spins. $R$ is proportional\nto the spin-spin correlation so that its behavior is very complicated near and\nat the magnetic phase transition of the lattice spins. For the time being there\nare many new experimental data on the spin resistivity going from\nsemiconductors to superconductors. Depending on materials, various behaviors\nhave been observed. There is however no theory so far which gives a unified\nmechanism for spin resistivity in magnetic materials. Recently, we have showed\nMonte Carlo results for different systems. We found that the spin resistivity\nis very different from one material to another. In this paper, we show for the\nfirst time how the dynamic relaxation time of the lattice spins affects the\nresistivity of itinerant spins observed in Monte Carlo simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Recursion-transform method on computing the complex resistor network\n  with three arbitrary boundaries: We perfect the recursion-transform method to be a complete theory, which can\nderive the general exact resistance between any two nodes in a resistor network\nwith several arbitrary boundaries. As application of the method, we give a\nprofound example to illuminate the usefulness on calculating resistance of a\nnearly $m\\times n$ resistor network with a null resistor and three arbitrary\nboundaries, which has never been solved before since the Greens function\ntechnique and the Laplacian matrix approach are invalid in this case. Looking\nfor the exact solutions of resistance is important but difficult in the case of\nthe arbitrary boundary since the boundary is a wall or trap which affects the\nbehavior of finite network. For the first time, seven general formulae of\nresistance between any two nodes in a nearly $m\\times n$ resistor network in\nboth finite and infinite cases are given by our theory. In particular, we give\neight special cases by reducing one of general formulae to understand its\napplication and meaning.",
        "positive": "Conservation laws for a class of generic Hamiltonians: Within a strong coupling expansion, we construct local quasi-conserved\noperators for a class of Hamiltonians that includes both integrable and\nnon-integrable models. We explicitly show that at the lowest orders of\nperturbation theory the structure of the operators is independent of the system\ndetails. Higher order contributions are investigated numerically by means of an\nab initio method for computing the time evolution of local operators in the\nHeisenberg picture. The numerical analysis suggests that the quasi-conserved\noperators could be approximations of a quasi-local conservation law, even if\nthe model is non-integrable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatiotemporal expressions reflecting topological classes of repressor\n  networks: A family of repressor networks is proposed as a simple model of gene\nregulatory networks. We analytically show three topological classes of the\nrepressor networks, each of which exhibits distinctly growing complexity of\nspatiotemporal expressions starting from nearly homogeneous states. Further, by\nfocusing on locally interacting cases such as chain networks, including a\ngeneralized repressilator, or feedforward(back)-loop networks, spatiotemporal\nexpressions in the long time regime and elusive relationships between such\ndifferent networks are discussed in detail.",
        "positive": "Instability of condensation in the zero-range process with random\n  interaction: The zero-range process is a stochastic interacting particle system that is\nknown to exhibit a condensation transition. We present a detailed analysis of\nthis transition in the presence of quenched disorder in the particle\ninteractions. Using rigorous probabilistic arguments we show that disorder\nchanges the critical exponent in the interaction strength below which a\ncondensation transition may occur. The local critical densities may exhibit\nlarge fluctuations and their distribution shows an interesting crossover from\nexponential to algebraic behaviour."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size effects at first-order isotropic-to-nematic transitions: We present simulation data of first-order isotropic-to-nematic transitions in\nlattice models of liquid crystals and locate the thermodynamic limit inverse\ntransition temperature $\\epsilon_\\infty$ via finite-size scaling. We observe\nthat the inverse temperature of the specific heat maximum can be consistently\nextrapolated to $\\epsilon_\\infty$ assuming the usual $\\alpha / L^d$ dependence,\nwith $L$ the system size, $d$ the lattice dimension and proportionality\nconstant $\\alpha$. We also investigate the quantity $\\epsilon_{L,k}$, the\nfinite-size inverse temperature where $k$ is the ratio of weights of the\nisotropic to nematic phase. For an optimal value $k = k_{\\rm opt}$,\n$\\epsilon_{L,k}$ versus $L$ converges to $\\epsilon_\\infty$ much faster than\n$\\alpha/L^d$, providing an economic alternative to locate the transition.\nMoreover, we find that $\\alpha \\sim \\ln k_{\\rm opt} / {\\cal L}_\\infty$, with\n${\\cal L}_\\infty$ the latent heat density. This suggests that liquid crystals\nat first-order IN transitions scale approximately as $q$-state Potts models\nwith $q \\sim k_{\\rm opt}$.",
        "positive": "Density of States for a Short Overlapping-Bead Polymer: Clues to a\n  Mechanism for Helix Formation?: The densities of states are evaluated for very short chain molecules made up\nof overlapping monomers, using a model which has previously been shown to\nproduce helical structure. The results of numerical calculations are presented\nfor tetramers and pentamers. We show that these models demonstrate behaviors\nrelevant to the behaviors seen in longer, helix forming chains, particularly,\n\"magic numbers\" of the overlap parameter where the derivatives of the densities\nof states change discontinuously, and a region of bimodal energy probability\ndistributions, reminiscent of a first order phase transition in a bulk system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tropical Tensor Network for Ground States of Spin Glasses: We present a unified exact tensor network approach to compute the ground\nstate energy, identify the optimal configuration, and count the number of\nsolutions for spin glasses. The method is based on tensor networks with the\nTropical Algebra defined on the semiring. Contracting the tropical tensor\nnetwork gives the ground state energy; differentiating through the tensor\nnetwork contraction gives the ground state configuration; mixing the tropical\nalgebra and the ordinary algebra counts the ground state degeneracy. The\napproach brings together the concepts from graphical models, tensor networks,\ndifferentiable programming, and quantum circuit simulation, and easily utilizes\nthe computational power of graphical processing units (GPUs). For applications,\nwe compute the exact ground state energy of Ising spin glasses on square\nlattice up to 1024 spins, on cubic lattice up to 216 spins, and on 3 regular\nrandom graphs up to 220 spins, on a single GPU; We obtain exact ground state\nenergy of (+/-)J Ising spin glass on the chimera graph of D-Wave quantum\nannealer of 512 qubits in less than 100 seconds and investigate the exact value\nof the residual entropy of (+/-)J spin glasses on the chimera graph; Finally,\nwe investigate ground-state energy and entropy of 3-state Potts glasses on\nsquare lattices up to size 18 x 18. Our approach provides baselines and\nbenchmarks for exact algorithms for spin glasses and combinatorial optimization\nproblems, and for evaluating heuristic algorithms and mean-field theories.",
        "positive": "Brownian particles driven by spatially periodic noise: We discuss the dynamics of a Brownian particle under the influence of a\nspatially periodic noise strength in one dimension using analytical theory and\ncomputer simulations. In the absence of a deterministic force, the Langevin\nequation can be integrated formally exactly. We determine the short- and\nlong-time behaviour of the mean displacement (MD) and mean-squared displacement\n(MSD). In particular we find a very slow dynamics for the mean displacement,\nscaling as $t^{-1/2}$ with time $t$. Placed under an additional external\nperiodic force near the critical tilt value we compute the stationary current\nobtained from the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation and identify an\nessential singularity if the minimum of the noise strength is zero. Finally, in\norder to further elucidate the effect of the random periodic driving on the\ndiffusion process, we introduce a phase factor in the spatial noise with\nrespect to the external periodic force and identify the value of the phase\nshift for which the random force exerts its strongest effect on the long-time\ndrift velocity and diffusion coefficient."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maximum entropy in dynamic complex networks: Understanding common properties of different systems is a challenging task\nfor interdisciplinary research. By representing these systems as complex\nnetworks, different fields facilitate their comparison. Common properties can\nthen be extracted by network randomisation, in which a stochastic process\npreserves some properties of the network modifying others. If different systems\nexhibit statistically similar characteristics after being randomised by the\nsame process, then these characteristics are taken to be explained by the\npreserved properties. The method of maximum entropy provides a way to\ncompletely bypass the construction of specific randomisation processes,\ndirectly obtaining ensembles of fully randomised networks,knowing that these\ncontain no information beyond the imposed properties. The perspective of\nrandomisation processes with associated dynamics has been used to obtain\nimportant and widespread properties of networks, suggesting that these are\nbetter explained from a dynamic perspective. In this work we use the maximum\nentropy based principle of maximum caliber to construct the evolution of an\nensemble of networks based on constraints representing properties with known\nvalues throughout the evolution. We focus on the particular cases of dynamics\nresulting from conserved and variable number of links, comparing each to\nsimulations of randomisation processes that obey the same constraints. We find\nthat the simulations produce the same ensemble evolution as maximum caliber,\nthat the equilibrium distributions converge to known stationary results of\nmaximum entropy given the same constraints, discuss connections to other\nmaximum entropy approaches to network dynamics, and conclude by pointing out\nseveral avenues of future research.",
        "positive": "Systematic expansion in the order parameter for replica theory of the\n  dynamical glass transition: It has been shown recently that predictions from Mode-Coupling Theory for the\nglass transition of hard-spheres become increasingly bad when dimensionality\nincreases, whereas replica theory predicts a correct scaling. Nevertheless if\none focuses on the regime around the dynamical transition in three dimensions,\nMode-Coupling results are far more convincing than replica theory predictions.\nIt seems thus necessary to reconcile the two theoretic approaches in order to\nobtain a theory that interpolates between low-dimensional, Mode-Coupling\nresults, and \"mean-field\" results from replica theory. Even though quantitative\nresults for the dynamical transition issued from replica theory are not\naccurate in low dimensions, two different approximation schemes --small cage\nexpansion and replicated Hyper-Netted-Chain (RHNC)-- provide the correct\nqualitative picture for the transition, namely a discontinuous jump of a static\norder parameter from zero to a finite value. The purpose of this work is to\ndevelop a systematic expansion around the RHNC result in powers of the static\norder parameter, and to calculate the first correction in this expansion.\nInterestingly, this correction involves the static three-body correlations of\nthe liquid. More importantly, we separately demonstrate that higher order terms\nin the expansion are quantitatively relevant at the transition, and that the\nusual mode-coupling kernel, involving two-body direct correlation functions of\nthe liquid, cannot be recovered from static computations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior and scaling in trapped systems: We study the scaling properties of critical particle systems confined by a\npotential. Using renormalization-group arguments, we show that their critical\nbehavior can be cast in the form of a trap-size scaling, resembling finite-size\nscaling theory, with a nontrivial trap critical exponent theta, which describes\nhow the correlation length scales with the trap size l, i.e., $\\xi\\sim\nl^\\theta$ at the critical point. theta depends on the universality class of the\ntransition, the power law of the confining potential, and on the way it is\ncoupled to the critical modes. We present numerical results for two-dimensional\nlattice gas (Ising) models with various types of harmonic traps, which support\nthe trap-size scaling scenario.",
        "positive": "Testing quantum speedups in exciton transport through a photosynthetic\n  complex using quantum stochastic walks: Photosynthesis is a highly efficient process, nearly 100 percent of the red\nphotons falling on the surface of leaves reach the reaction center and get\ntransformed into energy. Most theoretical studies on photosynthetic complexes\nfocus mainly on the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex obtained from green-sulfur\nbacteria. Quantum coherence was speculated to play a significant role in this\nvery efficient transport process. However, recent reports indicate quantum\ncoherence via exciton transport may not be as relevant as coherence originating\nvia vibronic processes to Photosynthesis. Regardless of the origin, there has\nbeen a debate on whether quantum coherence results in any speedup of the\nexciton transport process. To address this we model exciton transport in FMO\nusing a quantum stochastic walk (QSW) with only incoherence, pure dephasing,\nand with both dephasing and incoherence. We find that the QSW model with pure\ndephasing leads to a substantial speedup in exciton transport as compared to a\nQSW model which includes both dephasing and incoherence and one which includes\nonly incoherence, both of which experience slowdowns."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Physical insight into the thermodynamic uncertainty relation using\n  Brownian motion in tilted periodic potentials: Using Brownian motion in periodic potentials $V(x)$ tilted by a force $f$, we\nprovide physical insight into the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, a\nrecently conjectured principle for statistical errors and irreversible heat\ndissipation in nonequilibrium steady states. According to the relation,\nnonequilibrium output generated from dissipative processes necessarily incurs\nan energetic cost or heat dissipation $q$, and in order to limit the output\nfluctuation within a relative uncertainty $\\epsilon$, at least\n$2k_BT/\\epsilon^2$ of heat must be dissipated. Our model shows that this bound\nis attained not only at near-equilibrium ($f\\ll V'(x)$) but also at\nfar-from-equilibrium $(f\\gg V'(x))$, more generally when the dissipated heat is\nnormally distributed. Furthermore, the energetic cost is maximized near the\ncritical force when the barrier separating the potential wells is about to\nvanish and the fluctuation of Brownian particle is maximized. These findings\nindicate that the deviation of heat distribution from Gaussianity gives rise to\nthe inequality of the uncertainty relation, further clarifying the meaning of\nthe uncertainty relation. Our derivation of the uncertainty relation also\nrecognizes a new bound of nonequilibrium fluctuations that the variance of\ndissipated heat ($\\sigma_q^2$) increases with its mean ($\\mu_q$) and cannot be\nsmaller than $2k_BT\\mu_q$.",
        "positive": "On the convergence of Kikuchi's natural iteration method: In this article we investigate on the convergence of the natural iteration\nmethod, a numerical procedure widely employed in the statistical mechanics of\nlattice systems to minimize Kikuchi's cluster variational free energies. We\ndiscuss a sufficient condition for the convergence, based on the coefficients\nof the cluster entropy expansion, depending on the lattice geometry. We also\nshow that such a condition is satisfied for many lattices usually studied in\napplications. Finally, we consider a recently proposed general method for the\nminimization of non convex functionals, showing that the natural iteration\nmethod turns out as a particular case of that method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Multiscale Approach to Brownian Motors: The problem of Brownian motion in a periodic potential, under the influence\nof external forcing, which is either random or periodic in time, is studied in\nthis paper. Multiscale techniques are used to derive general formulae for the\nsteady state particle current and the effective diffusion tensor. These\nformulae are then applied to calculate the effective diffusion coefficient for\na Brownian particle in a periodic potential driven simultaneously by additive\nGaussian white and colored noise. Our theoretical findings are supported by\nnumerical simulations.",
        "positive": "A pseudo-spectral approach to inverse problems in interface dynamics: An improved scheme for computing coupling parameters of the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang equation from a collection of successive interface\nprofiles, is presented. The approach hinges on a spectral representation of\nthis equation. An appropriate discretization based on a Fourier representation,\nis discussed as a by-product of the above scheme. Our method is first tested on\nprofiles generated by a one-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation where it\nis shown to reproduce the input parameters very accurately. When applied to\nmicroscopic models of growth, it provides the values of the coupling parameters\nassociated with the corresponding continuum equations. This technique favorably\ncompares with previous methods based on real space schemes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Compatibility of linear-response theory with the Second Law of\n  Thermodynamics and the emergence of negative entropy production rates: The reliability of physical theories depends on whether they agree with well\nestablished physical laws. In this work, we address the compatibility of the\nHamiltonian formulation of linear-response theory with the Second Law of\nThermodynamics. In order to do so, we verify three complementary aspects often\nunderstood as statements of the Second Law: 1. No dissipation for quasistatic\nprocess; 2. Dissipation for finite-time processes; 3. Positive entropy\nproduction rate. Our analysis focus on two classes of nonequilibrium isothermal\nprocesses: slowly-varying and finite-time but weak ones. For the former, we\nshow that these aspects are easily verified. For the later, we present\nconditions for the achievement of the first two aspects. We also show that the\nthird one is not always verified, presenting an example based on Brownian\nmotion in which we observe negative values in the entropy production rate. In\nparticular, we compare linear-response and exact results for this example.",
        "positive": "A Maxwell demon that can work at macroscopic scales: Maxwell's demons work by rectifying thermal fluctuations. They are not\nexpected to function at macroscopic scales where fluctuations become negligible\nand dynamics become deterministic. We propose an electronic implementation of\nan autonomous Maxwell's demon that indeed stops working in the regular\nmacroscopic limit as the dynamics becomes deterministic. However, we find that\nif the power supplied to the demon is scaled up appropriately, the\ndeterministic limit is avoided and the demon continues to work. The price to\npay is a decreasing thermodynamic efficiency. Our work suggests that novel\nstrategies may be found in nonequilibrium settings to bring to the macroscale\nnon-trivial effects so far only observed at microscopic scales."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probing the anomalous dynamical phase in long-range quantum spin chains\n  through Fisher-zero lines: Using the framework of infinite Matrix Product States, the existence of an\n\\textit{anomalous} dynamical phase for the transverse-field Ising chain with\nsufficiently long-range interactions was first reported in [J.~C.~Halimeh and\nV.~Zauner-Stauber, arXiv:1610:02019], where it was shown that\n\\textit{anomalous} cusps arise in the Loschmidt-echo return rate for\nsufficiently small quenches within the ferromagnetic phase. In this work we\nfurther probe the nature of the anomalous phase through calculating the\ncorresponding Fisher-zero lines in the complex time plane. We find that these\nFisher-zero lines exhibit a qualitative difference in their behavior, where,\nunlike in the case of the regular phase, some of them terminate before\nintersecting the imaginary axis, indicating the existence of smooth peaks in\nthe return rate preceding the cusps. Additionally, we discuss in detail the\ninfinite Matrix Product State time-evolution method used to calculate Fisher\nzeros and the Loschmidt-echo return rate using the Matrix Product State\ntransfer matrix. Our work sheds further light on the nature of the anomalous\nphase in the long-range transverse-field Ising chain, while the numerical\ntreatment presented can be applied to more general quantum spin chains.",
        "positive": "Comment on: \"Effect of polydispersity on the ordering transition of\n  adsorbed self-assembled rigid rods\": The critical behavior of self-assembled rigid rods on a square lattice was\nrecently reinvestigated by Almarza et al. [Phys. Rev. E 82, 061117 (2010)].\nBased on the Binder cumulants and the value of the critical exponent of the\ncorrelation length, the authors found that the isotropic-nematic phase\ntransition occurring in the system is in the two-dimensional Ising universality\nclass. This conclusion contrasts with that of a previous study [L\\'opez et al.,\nPhys. Rev. E 80, 040105 (R) (2009)] which indicates that the transition at\nintermediate density belongs to the q = 1 Potts universality class. Almarza et\nal. attributed the discrepancy to the use of the density as the control\nparameter by L\\'opez et al. The present work shows that this suggestion is not\nsufficient, and that the discrepancy arises solely from the use of different\nstatistical ensembles. Finally, the necessity of making corrections to the\nscaling functions in the canonical ensemble is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Many-body physics of a quantum fluid of exciton-polaritons in a\n  semiconductor microcavity: Some recent results concerning nonlinear optics in semiconductor\nmicrocavities are reviewed from the point of view of the many-body physics of\nan interacting photon gas. Analogies with systems of cold atoms at thermal\nequilibrium are drawn, and the peculiar behaviours due to the non-equilibrium\nregime pointed out. The richness of the predicted behaviours shows the\npotentialities of optical systems for the study of the physics of quantum\nfluids.",
        "positive": "Dispersion management using betatron resonances in an ultracold-atom\n  storage ring: Specific velocities of particles circulating in a storage ring can lead to\nbetatron resonances at which static perturbations of the particles' orbit yield\nlarge transverse (betatron) oscillations. We have observed betatron resonances\nin an ultracold-atom storage ring by direct observation of betatron motion.\nThese resonances caused a near-elimination of the longitudinal dispersion of\natomic beams propagating at resonant velocities, an effect which can improve\nthe performance of atom interferometric devices. Both the resonant velocities\nand the strength of the resonances were varied by deliberate modifications to\nthe storage ring."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Constraint percolation on hyperbolic lattices: Hyperbolic lattices interpolate between finite-dimensional lattices and Bethe\nlattices and are interesting in their own right with ordinary percolation\nexhibiting not one, but two, phase transitions. We study four constraint\npercolation models---$k$-core percolation (for $k=1,2,3$) and force-balance\npercolation---on several tessellations of the hyperbolic plane. By comparing\nthese four different models, our numerical data suggests that all of the\n$k$-core models, even for $k=3$, exhibit behavior similar to ordinary\npercolation, while the force-balance percolation transition is discontinuous.\nWe also provide a proof, for some hyperbolic lattices, of the existence of a\ncritical probability that is less than unity for the force-balance model, so\nthat we can place our interpretation of the numerical data for this model on a\nmore rigorous footing. Finally, we discuss improved numerical methods for\ndetermining the two critical probabilities on the hyperbolic lattice for the\n$k$-core percolation models.",
        "positive": "Entropy-based characterizations of the observable-dependence of the\n  fluctuation-dissipation temperature: The definition of a nonequilibrium temperature through generalized\nfluctuation-dissipation relations relies on the independence of the\nfluctuation-dissipation temperature from the observable considered. We argue\nthat this observable independence is deeply related to the uniformity of the\nphase-space probability distribution on the hypersurfaces of constant energy.\nThis property is shown explicitly on three different stochastic models, where\nobservable-dependence of the fluctuation-dissipation temperature arises only\nwhen the uniformity of the phase-space distribution is broken. The first model\nis an energy transport model on a ring, with biased local transfer rules. In\nthe second model, defined on a fully connected geometry, energy is exchanged\nwith two heat baths at different temperatures, breaking the uniformity of the\nphase-space distribution. Finally, in the last model, the system is connected\nto a zero temperature reservoir, and preserves the uniformity of the\nphase-space distribution in the relaxation regime, leading to an\nobservable-independent temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Delocalization and the semiclassical description of molecular rotation: We discuss phase-space delocalization for the rigid rotator within a\nsemiclassical context by recourse to the Husimi distributions of both the\nlinear and the $3D-$anisotropic instances. Our treatment is based upon the\nconcomitant Fisher information measures. The pertinent Wehrl entropy is also\ninvestigated in the linear case.",
        "positive": "Blast dynamics in a dissipative gas: The blast caused by an intense explosion has been extensively studied in\nconservative fluids, where the Taylor-von Neumann-Sedov hydrodynamic solution\nis a prototypical example of self-similarity driven by conservation laws. In\ndissipative media however, energy conservation is violated, yet a distinctive\nself-similar solution appears. It hinges on the decoupling of random and\ncoherent motion permitted by a broad class of dissipative mechanisms. This\nenforces a peculiar layered structure in the shock, for which we derive the\nfull hydrodynamic solution, validated by a microscopic approach based on\nMolecular Dynamics simulations. We predict and evidence a succession of\ntemporal regimes, as well as a long-time corrugation instability, also\nself-similar, which disrupts the blast boundary. These generic results may\napply from astrophysical systems to granular gases, and invite further\ncross-fertilization between microscopic and hydrodynamic approaches of\nshockwaves."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergent SO(5) symmetry at the columnar ordering transition in the\n  classical cubic dimer model: The classical cubic-lattice dimer model undergoes an unconventional\ntransition between a columnar crystal and a dimer liquid, in the same\nuniversality class as the deconfined quantum critical point in spin-1/2\nantiferromagnets but with very different microscopic physics and microscopic\nsymmetries. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that this transition has an\nemergent SO(5) symmetry relating quantities characterizing the two adjacent\nphases. While the low-temperature phase has a conventional order parameter, the\ndefining property of the Coulomb liquid on the high-temperature side is\ndeconfinement of monomers, and so the SO(5) symmetry relates fundamentally\ndifferent types of objects. We study linear system sizes up to $L=96$, and find\nthat this symmetry applies with an excellent precision that consistently\nimproves with system size over this range. It is remarkable that SO(5) emerges\nin a system as basic as the cubic dimer model, with only simple discrete\ndegrees of freedom. Our results are important evidence for the generality of\nthe SO(5) symmetry that has been proposed for the NCCP$^1$ field theory. We\ndescribe a possible interpretation for these results in terms of a consistent\nhypothesis for the renormalization-group flow structure, allowing for the\npossibility that SO(5) may ultimately be a near-symmetry rather than an exact\none.",
        "positive": "Counter-ion density profile around a charged disk: from the weak to the\n  strong association regime: We present a comprehensive study of the two dimensional one component plasma\nin the cell model with charged boundaries. Departing from weak couplings\nthrough a convenient approximation of the interacting potential we were able to\nobtain an analytic formulation to the problem deriving the partition function,\ndensity profile, contact densities and integrated profiles that compared well\nwith the numerical data from Monte-Carlo simulations. Additionally, we derived\nthe exact solution for the special cases of $\\Xi = 1, 2, 3, ...$ finding a\ncorrespondence between the results from weak couplings and exact results.\nFurthermore, we investigated the strong coupling regime taking into\nconsideration the Wigner formulation. Departing from this, we procured the\nprofile to leading order, computed the contact density values as compared to\nthose derived in a work on the contact theorem. We formulated adequately the\nstrong coupling regime for this system that differed from previous\nformulations. Ultimately, we computed the first order corrections and compared\nthose results against numerical results from our simulations obtaining very\ngood agreement; this results compared equally well in the planar limit, whose\nresults are known."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical and Quantum Fluctuation Theorems for Heat Exchange: The statistics of heat exchange between two classical or quantum finite\nsystems initially prepared at different temperatures are shown to obey a\nfluctuation theorem.",
        "positive": "Stochastic resetting with stochastic returns using external trap: In the past few years, stochastic resetting has become a subject of immense\ninterest. Most of the theoretical studies so far focused on instantaneous\nresetting which is, however, a major impediment to practical realization or\nexperimental verification in the field. This is because in the real world,\ntaking a particle from one place to another requires finite time and thus a\ngeneralization of the existing theory to incorporate non-instantaneous\nresetting is very much in need. In this paper, we propose a method of resetting\nwhich involves non-instantaneous returns facilitated by an external confining\ntrap potential $U(x)$ centered at the resetting location. We consider a\nBrownian particle that starts its random motion from the origin. Upon\nresetting, the trap is switched on and the particle starts experiencing a force\ntowards the center of the trap which drives it to return to the origin. The\nreturn phase ends when the particle makes a first passage to this center. We\ndevelop a general framework to study such a set up. Importantly, we observe\nthat the system reaches a non-equilibrium steady state which we analyze in full\ndetails for two choices of $U(x)$, namely, (i) linear and (ii) harmonic.\nFinally, we perform numerical simulations and find an excellent agreement with\nthe theory. The general formalism developed here can be applied to more\nrealistic return protocols opening up a panorama of possibilities for further\ntheoretical and experimental applications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement in many-body eigenstates of quantum-chaotic quadratic\n  Hamiltonians: In a recent Letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 180604 (2020)], we introduced a\nclosed-form analytic expression for the average bipartite von Neumann\nentanglement entropy of many-body eigenstates of random quadratic Hamiltonians.\nNamely, of Hamiltonians whose single-particle eigenstates have random\ncoefficients in the position basis. A paradigmatic Hamiltonian for which the\nexpression is valid is the quadratic Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK2) model in its\nDirac fermion formulation. Here we show that the applicability of our result is\nmuch broader. Most prominently, it is also relevant for local Hamiltonians such\nas the three-dimensional (3D) Anderson model at weak disorder. Moreover, it\ndescribes the average entanglement entropy in Hamiltonians without\nparticle-number conservation, such as the SYK2 model in the Majorana fermion\nformulation and the 3D Anderson model with additional terms that break\nparticle-number conservation. We extend our analysis to the average bipartite\nsecond R\\'enyi entanglement entropy of eigenstates of the same quadratic\nHamiltonians, which is derived analytically and tested numerically. We\nconjecture that our results for the entanglement entropies of many-body\neigenstates apply to quadratic Hamiltonians whose single-particle eigenstates\nexhibit quantum chaos, to which we refer as quantum-chaotic quadratic\nHamiltonians.",
        "positive": "Mobile-clogging transition in a Fermi-like model of counterflowing\n  particles: In this paper we propose a generalized model for the motion of a two-species\nself-driven objects ranging from a scenario of a completely random environment\nof particles of negligible excluded volume to a more deterministic regime of\nrigid objects in an environment. Each cell of the system has a maximum\noccupation level called $\\sigma _{\\max }$. Both species move in opposite\ndirections. The probability of any given particle to move to a neighboring cell\ndepends on the occupation of this cell according to a Fermi-Dirac like\ndistribution, considering a parameter $\\alpha $ that controls the system\nrandomness. We show that for a certain $\\alpha =\\alpha _{c}$ the system\nabruptly transits from a mobile scenario to a clogged state which is\ncharacterized by condensates. We numerically describe the details of this\ntransition by coupled partial differential equations (PDE) and Monte Carlo (MC)\nsimulations that are in good agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging in thermal active glasses: It is well established that glassy materials can undergo aging, i.e., their\nproperties gradually change over time. There is rapidly growing evidence that\ndense active and living systems also exhibit many features of glassy behavior,\nbut it is still largely unknown how physical aging is manifested in such active\nglassy materials. Our goal is to explore whether active and passive thermal\nglasses age in fundamentally different ways. To address this, we numerically\nstudy the aging dynamics following a quench from high to low temperature for\ntwo-dimensional passive and active Brownian model glass-formers. We find that\naging in active thermal glasses is governed by a time-dependent competition\nbetween thermal and active effects, with an effective temperature that\nexplicitly evolves with the age of the material. Moreover, unlike passive aging\nphenomenology, we find that the degree of dynamic heterogeneity in active aging\nsystems is relatively small and remarkably constant with age. We conclude that\nthe often-invoked mapping between an active system and a passive one with a\nhigher effective temperature rigorously breaks down upon aging, and that the\naging dynamics of thermal active glasses differs in several distinct ways from\nboth the passive and athermal active case.",
        "positive": "Stochastic theory of lineshape broadening in quasielastic He atom\n  scattering with interacting adsorbates: The activated surface diffusion of interacting adsorbates is described in\nterms of the so-called interacting single adsorbate approximation, which is\napplied to the diffusion of Na atoms on Cu(001) for coverages up to 20% in\nquasielastic He atom scattering experiments. This approximation essentially\nconsists of solving the standard Langevin equation with two noise sources and\nfrictions: a Gaussian white noise accounting for the friction with the\nsubstrate, and a white shot noise characterized by a collisional friction\nsimulating the adsorbate-adsorbate collisions. The broadenings undergone by the\nquasielastic peak are found to be in very good agreement with the experimental\ndata reported at two surface temperatures 200 and 300 K."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extended Vicsek fractals: Laplacian spectra and their applications: Extended Vicsek fractals (EVF) are the structures constructed by introducing\nlinear spacers into traditional Vicsek fractals. Here we study the Laplacian\nspectra of the EVF. In particularly, the recurrence relations for the Laplacian\nspectra allow us to obtain an analytic expression for the sum of all inverse\nnonvanishing Laplacian eigenvalues. This quantity characterizes the large-scale\nproperties, such as the gyration radius of the polymeric structures, or the\nglobal mean-first passage time for the random walk processes. Introduction of\nthe linear spacers leads to local heterogeneities, which reveal themselves, for\nexample, in the dynamics of EVF under external forces.",
        "positive": "Entropically-stabilised growth of a two-dimensional random tiling: The assembly of molecular networks into structures such as random tilings and\nglasses has recently been demonstrated for a number of two-dimensional systems.\nThese structures are dynamically-arrested on experimental timescales so the\ncritical regime in their formation is that of initial growth. Here we identify\na transition from energetic to entropic stabilisation in the nucleation and\ngrowth of a molecular rhombus tiling. Calculations based on a lattice gas model\nshow that clustering of topological defects and the formation of faceted\nboundaries followed by a slow relaxation to equilibrium occurs under conditions\nof energetic stabilisation. We also identify an entropically-stabilised regime\nin which the system grows directly into an equilibrium configuration without\nthe need for further relaxation. Our results provide a methodology for\nidentifying equilibrium and non-equilibrium randomness in the growth of\nmolecular tilings, and we demonstrate that equilibrium spatial statistics are\ncompatible with exponentially slow dynamical behaviour."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Fluctuation Law(s) for Hamiltonian systems (with equilibrium\n  steady state): A Comment on cond-mat/0008421: A generalization of the fluctuation law (FL) (\"theorem\"), formulated in 1993\nby Evans, Cohen and Morriss for a nonequilibrium steady state, on the chaotic\nHamiltonian systems with equilibrium steady state in recent publication ba\nEvans, Searles and Mittag (cond-mat/0008421) is briefly discussed. We argue\nthat the physical meaning of this law, as presented in the latter publication,\nis qualitatively different from the original one. Namely, the original FL\nconcerns the local (in time) fluctuations with an intriguing result: a high\nprobability for the \"violation\" of the Second Law. Instead, the new law\ndescribes the global fluctuations for which this remarkable unexpected\nphenomenon is absent or hidden. We compare both types in both classes of\nHamiltonian systems, and discuss remarkable similarities as well as the\ninteresting distinctions.",
        "positive": "Relaxation-to-creep transition of domain-wall motion in two- dimensional\n  random-field Ising model with ac driving field: With Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the relaxation dynamics with a\ndomain wall for magnetic systems at the critical temperature. The dynamic\nscaling behavior is carefully analyzed, and a dynamic roughening process is\nobserved. For comparison, similar analysis is applied to the relaxation\ndynamics with a free or disordered surface"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of the maximal distance and momentum in a trapped Fermi gas\n  at low temperature: We consider $N$ non-interacting fermions in an isotropic $d$-dimensional\nharmonic trap. We compute analytically the cumulative distribution of the\nmaximal radial distance of the fermions from the trap center at zero\ntemperature. While in $d=1$ the limiting distribution (in the large $N$ limit),\nproperly centered and scaled, converges to the squared Tracy-Widom distribution\nof the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble in Random Matrix Theory, we show that for all\n$d>1$, the limiting distribution converges to the Gumbel law. These limiting\nforms turn out to be universal, i.e., independent of the details of the\ntrapping potential for a large class of isotropic trapping potentials. We also\nstudy the position of the right-most fermion in a given direction in $d$\ndimensions and, in the case of a harmonic trap, the maximum momentum, and show\nthat they obey similar Gumbel statistics. Finally, we generalize these results\nto low but finite temperature.",
        "positive": "Learning nonequilibrium control forces to characterize dynamical phase\n  transitions: Sampling the collective, dynamical fluctuations that lead to nonequilibrium\npattern formation requires probing rare regions of trajectory space. Recent\napproaches to this problem based on importance sampling, cloning, and spectral\napproximations, have yielded significant insight into nonequilibrium systems,\nbut tend to scale poorly with the size of the system, especially near dynamical\nphase transitions. Here we propose a machine learning algorithm that samples\nrare trajectories and estimates the associated large deviation functions using\na many-body control force by leveraging the flexible function representation\nprovided by deep neural networks, importance sampling in trajectory space, and\nstochastic optimal control theory. We show that this approach scales to\nhundreds of interacting particles and remains robust at dynamical phase\ntransitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Levy flights in confining potentials: We analyze confining mechanisms for L\\'{e}vy flights. When they evolve in\nsuitable external potentials their variance may exist and show signatures of a\nsuperdiffusive transport. Two classes of stochastic jump - type processes are\nconsidered: those driven by Langevin equation with L\\'{e}vy noise and those,\nnamed by us topological L\\'{e}vy processes (occurring in systems with\ntopological complexity like folded polymers or complex networks and generically\nin inhomogeneous media), whose Langevin representation is unknown and possibly\nnonexistent. Our major finding is that both above classes of processes stay in\naffinity and may share common stationary (eventually asymptotic) probability\ndensity, even if their detailed dynamical behavior look different. That\ngeneralizes and offers new solutions to a reverse engineering (e.g. targeted\nstochasticity) problem due to I. Eliazar and J. Klafter [J. Stat. Phys. 111,\n739, (2003)]: design a L\\'{e}vy process whose target pdf equals a priori\npreselected one. Our observations extend to a broad class of L\\'{e}vy noise\ndriven processes, like e.g. superdiffusion on folded polymers, geophysical\nflows and even climatic changes.",
        "positive": "Zeros of the Potts Model Partition Function in the Large-$q$ Limit: We study the zeros of the $q$-state Potts model partition function\n$Z(\\Lambda,q,v)$ for large $q$, where $v$ is the temperature variable and\n$\\Lambda$ is a section of a regular $d$-dimensional lattice with coordination\nnumber $\\kappa_\\Lambda$ and various boundary conditions. We consider the\nsimultaneous thermodynamic limit and $q \\to \\infty$ limit and show that when\nthese limits are taken appropriately, the zeros lie on the unit circle\n$|x_\\Lambda|=1$ in the complex $x_\\Lambda$ plane, where $x_\\Lambda=v\nq^{-2/\\kappa_\\Lambda}$. For large finite sections of some lattices we also\ndetermine the circular loci near which the zeros lie for large $q$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions, stability, and dielectric response of the domain\n  structure in ferroelectric-ferroelastic thin films: We present the first analytical study of phase transitions in\nferroelastic-ferroelectric epitaxial thin films on exactly solvable model. The\nemerging domain structure with domains of equal width (which may be\nexponentially large on a \"soft\" substrate) always remains stable irrespective\nof the film thickness. The dielectric response of an epitaxial film is {\\em\nsmaller} than that of a free film, in striking contrast with assertions in the\nliterature.",
        "positive": "Island, pit and groove formation in strained heteroepitaxy: We study the morphological evolution of strained heteroepitaxial films using\na kinetic Monte Carlo method in three dimensions. The elastic part of the\nproblem uses a Green's function method. Isolated islands are observed under\ndeposition conditions for deposition rates slow compared with intrinsic surface\nroughening rates. They are semi-spherical and truncated conical for high and\nlow temperature cases respectively. Annealing of films at high temperature\nleads to the formation of closely packed islands consistent with an instability\ntheory. At low temperature, pits form via a layer-by-layer nucleation mechanism\nand subsequently develop into grooves."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Predicting critical crashes? A new restriction for the free variables: Several authors have noticed the signature of log-periodic oscillations prior\nto large stock market crashes [cond-mat/9509033, cond-mat/9510036, Vandewalle\net al 1998]. Unfortunately good fits of the corresponding equation to stock\nmarket prices are also observed in quiet times. To refine the method several\napproaches have been suggested:\n  1) Logarithmic Divergence: Regard the limit where the critical exponent \\beta\nconverges to 0.\n  2) Universality: Define typical ranges for the free parameters, by observing\nthe best fit for historic crashes.\n  We suggest a new approach. From the observation that the hazard-rate in\ncond-mat/9510036 has to be a positive number, we get an inequality among the\nfree variables of the equation for stock-market prices.\n  Checking 88 years of Dow-Jones-Data for best fits, we find that 25% of those\nthat satisfy our inequality, occur less than one year before a crash. We\ncompare this with other methods of crash prediction, i.p. the universality\nmethod of Johansen et al., which are followed by a crash in only 9% of the\ncases.\n  Combining the two approaches we obtain a method whose predictions are\nfollowed by crashes in 54% of the cases.",
        "positive": "Relationship between event counting statistics and waiting time\n  statistics in the steady state: There are two main quantities involved in the deviation of a stochastic\nprocess from a Poisson process: the squared coefficient of variation of the\ntime intervals between adjacent events and the Fano factor of the number of\nreaction events. As well known, these two quantities are equal for renewal\nprocesses, while their relationship remains unexplored for non-renewal\nprocesses. In this paper, we establish an explicit relation between the two\nstatistics that is applicable to non-renewal processes. The new relation, which\nreduces to the previously mentioned result for renewal processes, is confirmed\nto be accurate in several cases of non-renewal processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Impurity spin relaxation in S=1/2 XX chains: Dynamic autocorrelations $<S_i^{\\alpha}(t) S_i^{\\alpha}>$ (\\alpha=x,z) of an\nisolated impurity spin in a S=1/2 XX chain are calculated. The impurity spin,\ndefined by a local change in the nearest-neighbor coupling, is either in the\nbulk or at the boundary of the open-ended chain. The exact numerical\ncalculation of the correlations employs the Jordan-Wigner mapping from spin\noperators to Fermi operators; effects of finite system size can be eliminated.\nTwo distinct temperature regimes are observed in the long-time asymptotic\nbehavior. At T=0 only power laws are present. At high T the x correlation\ndecays exponentially (except at short times) while the z correlation still\nshows an asymptotic power law (different from the one at T=0) after an\nintermediate exponential phase. The boundary impurity correlations follow power\nlaws at all T. The power laws for the z correlation and the boundary\ncorrelations can be deduced from the impurity-induced changes in the properties\nof the Jordan-Wigner fermion states.",
        "positive": "Modelling the Evolution of Human Trail Systems: Many human social phenomena, such as cooperation, the growth of settlements,\ntraffic dynamics and pedestrian movement, appear to be accessible to\nmathematical descriptions that invoke self-organization. Here we develop a\nmodel of pedestrian motion to explore the evolution of trails in urban green\nspaces such as parks. Our aim is to address such questions as what the\ntopological structures of these trail systems are, and whether optimal path\nsystems can be predicted for urban planning. We use an `active walker' model\nthat takes into account pedestrian motion and orientation and the concomitant\nfeedbacks with the surrounding environment. Such models have previously been\napplied to the study of complex structure formation in physical chemical and\nbiological systems. We find that our model is able to reporduce many of the\nobserved large-scale spatial features of trail systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anisotropy in Rupture Lines of Paper Sheets: We have experimentally investigated the fracture process in paper samples\nsubmitted to a uniaxial force. Five types of paper sheets (newsprint, towel,\nsulfite, silk and couche papers) were fractured along two orthogonal\norientations. In order to characterize the rupture lines of the paper sheets we\nutilized the Hurst exponent. Our results indicate a dependence of the Hurst\nexponent on the orientation of the paper sheets for samples of newsprint and,\nprobably, towel and silk papers. For the other types of paper the Hurst\nexponent does not depend on the direction of crack propagation.",
        "positive": "Confinement-induced enhancement of diffusiophoretic forces on\n  self-propellers: We study the effect of spatial confinement on the strength of propulsive\ndiffusiophoretic forces acting on a particle that generates density gradients\nby exploiting the chemical free energy of its environment. Using a recently\nproposed simple model of a self-propelling device driven by chemical reactions\ntaking place on some parts of its surface, we demonstrate that the force\nsignificantly increases in the presence of confining walls. We also show that\nsuch effects become even more pronounced in two-dimensional systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time reversibility and nonequilibrium thermodynamics of second-order\n  stochastic processes: Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of a general second-order stochastic system is\ninvestigated. We prove that at steady state, under inversion of velocities, the\ncondition of time-reversibility over the phase space is equivalent to the\nantisymmetry of spatial flux and the symmetry of velocity flux. Then we show\nthat the condition of time-reversibility alone could not always guarantee the\nMaxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Comparing the two conditions together, we found\nthat the frictional force naturally emerges as the unique odd term of the total\nforce at thermodynamic equilibrium, and is followed by the Einstein relation.\nThe two conditions respectively correspond to two previously reported different\nentropy production rates. In case that the external force is only\nposition-dependent, the two entropy production rates become one. We prove that\nsuch an entropy production rate can be decomposed into two nonnegative terms,\nexpressed respectively by the conditional mean and variance of the\nthermodynamic force associated with the irreversible velocity flux at any given\nspatial coordinate. In the small inertia limit, the former term becomes the\nentropy production rate of the overdamped dynamics; while the anomalous entropy\nproduction rate originated from the latter term. Furthermore, regarding the\nconnection between the First Law and Second Law, we found that in the steady\nstate of such a limit, the anomalous entropy production rate is also the\nleading order of the Boltzmann-factor weighted difference between the spatial\nheat dissipation densities of the underdamped and overdamped dynamics, while\ntheir unweighted difference always tends to vanish.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium dynamics and entropy production of a trapped colloidal\n  particle in a complex nonreciprocal medium: We discuss the two-dimensional motion of a Brownian particle that is confined\nto a harmonic trap and driven by a shear flow. The surrounding medium induces\nmemory effects modelled by a linear, typically nonreciprocal coupling of the\nparticle coordinates to an auxiliary (hidden) variable. The system's behavior\nresulting from the microscopic Langevin equations for the three variables is\nanalyzed by means of exact moment equations derived from the Fokker-Planck\nrepresentation, and numerical Brownian Dynamics (BD) simulations. Increasing\nthe shear rate beyond a critical value we observe, for suitable coupling\nscenarios with nonreciprocal elements, a transition from a stationary to an\ninstationary state, corresponding to an escape from the trap. We analyze this\nbehavior, analytically and numerically, in terms of the associated moments of\nthe probability distribution, and from the perspective of nonequilibrium\nthermodynamics. Intriguingly, the entropy production rate remains finite when\ncrossing the stability threshold."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Measuring long-range dependence in electricity prices: The price of electricity is far more volatile than that of other commodities\nnormally noted for extreme volatility. The possibility of extreme price\nmovements increases the risk of trading in electricity markets. However,\nunderlying the process of price returns is a strong mean-reverting mechanism.\nWe study this feature of electricity returns by means of Hurst R/S analysis,\nDetrended Fluctuation Analysis and periodogram regression.",
        "positive": "Self similar Barkhausen noise in magnetic domain wall motion: A model for domain wall motion in ferromagnets is analyzed. Long-range\nmagnetic dipolar interactions are shown to give rise to self-similar dynamics\nwhen the external magnetic field is increased adiabatically. The power spectrum\nof the resultant Barkhausen noise is of the form $1/\\omega^\\alpha$, where\n$\\alpha\\approx 1.5$ can be estimated from the critical exponents for interface\ndepinning in random media."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modeling of Financial Data: Comparison of the Truncated L\u00e9vy Flight\n  and the ARCH(1) and GARCH(1,1) processes: We compare our results on empirical analysis of financial data with\nsimulations of two stochastic models of the dynamics of stock market prices.\nThe two models are (i) the truncated L\\'evy flight recently introduced by us\nand (ii) the ARCH(1) and GARCH(1,1) processes. We find that the TLF well\ndescribes the scaling and its breakdown observed in empirical data, while it is\nnot able to properly describe the fluctuations of volatility empirically\ndetected. The ARCH(1) and GARCH(1,1) models are able to describe the\nprobability density function of price changes at a given time horizon, but both\nfail to describe the scaling properties of the PDFs for short time horizons.",
        "positive": "Nagel scaling and relaxation in the kinetic Ising model on a n-isotopic\n  chain: The kinetic Ising model on a n-isotopic chain is considered in the framework\nof Glauber dynamics. The chain is composed of N segments with n sites, each one\noccupied by a different isotope. Due to the isotopic mass difference, the n\nspins in each segment have different relaxation times in the absence of the\ninteractions, and consequently the dynamics of the system is governed by\nmultiple relaxation mechanisms. The solution is obtained in closed form for\narbitrary n, by reducing the problem to a set of n coupled equations, and it is\nshown rigorously that the critical exponent z is equal to 2. Explicit results\nare obtained numerically for any temperature and it is also shown that the\ndynamic susceptibility satisfies the new scaling (Nagel scaling) proposed for\nglass-forming liquids. This is in agreement with our recent results (L. L.\nGoncalves, M. Lopez de Haro, J. Taguena-Martinez and R. B. Stinchcombe, Phys.\nRev. Lett. 84, 1507 (2000)), which relate this new scaling function to multiple\nrelaxation processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Determination of the order of phase transitions in Potts model by the\n  graph-weight approach: We examine the order of the phase transition in the Potts model by using the\ngraph representation for the partition function, which allows treating a\nnon-integer number of Potts states. The order of transition is determined by\nthe analysis of the shape of the graph-weight probability distribution. The\napproach is illustrated on special cases of the one-dimensional Potts model\nwith long-range interactions and on its mean-field limit.",
        "positive": "Analysis of Tsallis' classical partition function's poles: When one integrates the q-exponential function of Tsallis' so as to get the\npartition function $Z$, a gamma function inevitably emerges. Consequently,\npoles arise. We investigate here here the thermodynamic significance of these\npoles in the case of $n$ classical harmonic oscillators (HO). Given that this\nis an exceedingly well known system, any new feature that may arise can safely\nbe attributed to the poles' effect. We appeal to the mathematical tools used in\n[EPJB 89, 150 (2016) and arXiv:1702.03535 (2017)], and obtain both bound and\nunbound states. In the first case, we are then faced with a classical Einstein\ncrystal. We also detect what might be interpreted as pseudo gravitational\neffects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum-Classical Transition of the Escape Rate of a Uniaxial Spin\n  System in an Arbitrarily Directed Field: The escape rate \\Gamma of the large-spin model described by the Hamiltonian H\n= -DS_z^2 - H_zS_z - H_xS_x is investigated with the help of the mapping onto a\nparticle moving in a double-well potential U(x). The transition-state method\nyields $\\Gamma$ in the moderate-damping case as a Boltzmann average of the\nquantum transition probabilities. We have shown that the transition from the\nclassical to quantum regimes with lowering temperature is of the first order\n(d\\Gamma/dT discontinuous at the transition temperature T_0) for h_x below the\nphase boundary line h_x=h_{xc}(h_z), where h_{x,z}\\equiv H_{x,z}/(2SD), and of\nthe second order above this line. In the unbiased case (H_z=0) the result is\nh_{xc}(0)=1/4, i.e., one fourth of the metastability boundary h_{xm}=1, at\nwhich the barrier disappears. In the strongly biased limit \\delta\\equiv 1-h_z\n<< 1, one has h_{xc} \\cong (2/3)^{3/4}(\\sqrt{3}-\\sqrt{2})\\delta^{3/2}\\cong\n0.2345 \\delta^{3/2}, which is about one half of the boundary value h_{xm} \\cong\n(2\\delta/3)^{3/2} \\cong 0.5443 \\delta^{3/2}.The latter case is relevant for\nexperiments on small magnetic particles, where the barrier should be lowered to\nachieve measurable quantum escape rates.",
        "positive": "On a Possible Melting Curve of C60 Fullerite: We study thermodynamic properties of the high-temperature modification of\nfullerites on the basis of the Girifalco intermolecular potential. In the\npresent work, using the Lindemann's melting criterion we estimate a possible\nmelting curve Tm(P) of C60 fullerite. To take into account the lattice\nanharmonicity that has strong effect at T >700 K, we use the correlative method\nof unsymmetrized self-consistent field. The melting curve for C60 fullerite has\nbeen calculated from the melting point at normal pressure estimated at 1500 K\nup to 15 kbar which corresponds to 4000 K. The temperature dependence of the\nmelting pressure is approximated very well by the Simon equation. We have\ncalculated its parameters for C60. The temperature dependence of the molar\nvolume along the melting curve is discribed by logarithmic function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin-1/2 anisotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnet with\n  Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction via mean-field approximation: The spin-1/2 anisotropic Heisenberg model with antiferromagnetic exchange\ninteractions in the presence of a external magnetic field and a\nDzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is studied by employing the usual mean-field\napproximation. The magnetic properties are obtained and it is shown that only\nsecond-order phase transitions take place for any values of the theoretical\nHamiltonian parameters. Contrary to previous results from effective field\ntheory, no anomalies have been observed at low temperatures. However, some\nre-entrancies still persist in some region of the phase diagram.",
        "positive": "Anomalous scaling and first-order dynamical phase transition in large\n  deviations of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process: We study the full distribution of $A=\\int_{0}^{T}x^{n}\\left(t\\right)dt$,\n$n=1,2,\\dots$, where $x\\left(t\\right)$ is an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We\nfind that for $n>2$ the long-time ($T \\to \\infty$) scaling form of the\ndistribution is of the anomalous form $P\\left(A;T\\right)\\sim\ne^{-T^{\\mu}f_{n}\\left(\\Delta A/T^{\\nu}\\right)}$ where $\\Delta A$ is the\ndifference between $A$ and its mean value, and the anomalous exponents are\n$\\mu=2/\\left(2n-2\\right)$, and $\\nu=n/\\left(2n-2\\right)$. The rate function\n$f_n\\left(y\\right)$, that we calculate exactly, exhibits a first-order\ndynamical phase transition which separates between a homogeneous phase that\ndescribes the Gaussian distribution of typical fluctuations, and a \"condensed\"\nphase that describes the tails of the distribution. We also calculate the most\nlikely realizations of $\\mathcal{A}(t)=\\int_{0}^{t}x^{n}\\left(s\\right)ds$ and\nthe distribution of $x(t)$ at an intermediate time $t$ conditioned on a given\nvalue of $A$. Extensions and implications to other continuous-time systems are\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of surfactants on the elasticity of the liquid--liquid interface: We investigated the effect of surfactants on an interface between two kinds\nof liquid by molecular dynamics simulation. We adopted the simple bead-spring\nmodel with two atoms as the surfactants. We controlled the interfacial tension\nof the surfactant adsorbed on the interface by changing the bond length.\nAlthough the interface's structure changed depending on the magnitude of the\ninterfacial tension, the interface was stable even under conditions where the\ninterfacial tension was virtually zero. The Fourier spectrum of the\nfluctuations of the surface structure showed a crossover from $q^2$ to $q^4$\nwhen the interfacial tension was almost zero, where $q$ is the wavenumber. This\ncrossover means that the bending rigidity is dominant for the restoring force\nwhen the surfactant molecules are sufficiently absorbed on the interface and\nthe interfacial tension is almost zero, whereas the interfacial tension is\ndominant when the interfacial tension is a finite value.",
        "positive": "Configuration space partitioning in tilings of a bounded region of the\n  plane: Given a finite collection of two-dimensional tile types, the field of study\nconcerned with covering the plane with tiles of these types exclusively has a\nlong history, having enjoyed great prominence in the last six to seven decades.\nMuch of this interest has revolved around fundamental geometrical problems such\nas minimizing the variety of tile types to be used, and also around important\napplications in areas such as crystallography as well as others. All these\napplications are of course confined to finite spatial regions, but in many\ncases they refer back directly to progress in tiling the whole, unbounded\nplane. Tilings of bounded regions of the plane have also been actively studied,\nbut in general the additional complications imposed by the boundary conditions\ntend to constrain progress to mostly indirect results, such as recurrence\nrelations. Here we study the tiling of rectangular regions of the plane by\nrectangular tiles. The tile types we use are squares, dominoes, and straight\ntetraminoes. For this set of tile types, not even recurrence relations seem to\nbe available. Our approach is to seek to characterize this complex system\nthrough some fundamental physical quantities. We do this on two parallel\ntracks, one analytical for what seems to be the most complex special case still\namenable to such approach, the other based on the Wang-Landau method for\nstate-density estimation. Given a simple energy function based solely on tile\ncontacts, we have found either approach to lead to illuminating depictions of\nentropy, temperature, and above all partitions of the configuration space. The\nnotion of a configuration, in this context, refers to how many tiles of each\ntype are used. We have found that certain partitions help bind together\ndifferent aspects of the system in question and conjecture that future\napplications will benefit from the possibilities they afford."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Statistics of the Number of Minima in a Random Energy Landscape: We consider random energy landscapes constructed from d-dimensional lattices\nor trees. The distribution of the number of local minima in such landscapes\nfollows a large deviation principle and we derive the associated law exactly\nfor dimension 1. Also of interest is the probability of the maximum possible\nnumber of minima; this probability scales exponentially with the number of\nsites. We calculate analytically the corresponding exponent for the Cayley tree\nand the two-leg ladder; for 2 to 5 dimensional hypercubic lattices, we compute\nthe exponent numerically and compare to the Cayley tree case.",
        "positive": "Quantifying entropy production in active fluctuations of the hair-cell\n  bundle from time irreversibility and uncertainty relations: We introduce lower bounds for the rate of entropy production of an active\nstochastic process by quantifying the irreversibility of stochastic traces\nobtained from mesoscopic degrees of freedom. Our measures of irreversibility\nreveal signatures of time's arrow and provide bounds for entropy production\neven in the case of active fluctuations that have no drift. We apply these\nirreversibility measures to experimental recordings of spontaneous hair-bundle\noscillations in mechanosensory hair cells from the ear of the bullfrog. By\nanalysing the fluctuations of only the tip position of hair bundles, we reveal\nirreversibility in active oscillations and estimate an associated rate of\nentropy production of at least $\\sim 3 k_{\\rm B}$/s, on average. Applying\nthermodynamic uncertainty relations, we predict that measuring both the tip\nposition of the hair bundle and the mechano-electrical transduction current\nthat enters the hair cell leads to tighter lower bounds for the rate of entropy\nproduction, up to $\\sim 10^3 k_{\\rm B}$/s in the oscillatory regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact regimes of collapsed and extra two-string solutions in the two\n  down-spin sector of the spin-1/2 massive XXZ spin chain: We derive exactly the number of complex solutions with two down-spins in the\nmassive regime of the periodic spin-1/2 XXZ spin chain of $N$ sites. Here we\nremark that every solution of the Bethe ansatz equations is characterized by a\nset of quantum numbers. We derive them analytically for all the complex\nsolutions in the sector, which we call two-string solutions. We show that in a\nregion of $N$ and $\\Delta$ the number of two-string solutions is by two larger\nthan the number due to the string hypothesis, i.e., an extra pair of\ntwo-strings appears. We determine it exactly and also such regions where $m$\ntwo-string solutions collapse for any positive integers $m$. We illustrate the\nextra and standard two-string solutions numerically. In the sector we show that\nthe string deviations are exponentially small with respect to $N$ if $N$ is\nlarge. We argue that for any finite solution of the spin-1/2 XXX chain there is\nsuch a solution of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain that has the same quantum numbers in\ncommon with the XXX solution.",
        "positive": "A theoretical estimate on the probability of the formation of a\n  self-avoiding copolymer macromolecule: A lattice model of the directed self-avoiding walk is used to estimate the\npossibility on the formation of an infinitely long linear semi-flexible\ncopolymer chain. The copolymer chain is assumed to composed of four different\ntypes of the monomers. A method of the recursion relations is used to solve the\nproposed model analytically to show that the probability of the formation of a\nself-avoiding semi-flexible copolymer chain is independent of the stiffness of\nthe chain. It is a distinct result from our earlier study on the formation of a\nGaussian semi-flexible copolymer chain and the Gaussian chain is made up of\nthese four monomers, [P. K. Mishra, J. of Adv. Appl. Sci. Res. 2(4) 1-8\n(2020)]. We have also calculated the average number of different types of the\nbonding in the copolymer chain to show the distinctions in the behaviour of the\nself-avoiding copolymer chain from the Gaussian polymer chain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase separation and multibody effects in three-dimensional active\n  Brownian particles: Simulation studies of the phase diagram of repulsive active Brownian\nparticles in three dimensions reveal that the region of motility-induced phase\nseparation between a high and low density phase is enclosed by a region of\ngas-crystal phase separation. Near-critical loci and structural crossovers can\nadditionally be identified in analogy with simple fluids. Motivated by the\nstriking similarity to the behaviour of equilibrium fluids with short-ranged\npair-wise attractions, we show that a direct mapping to pair potentials in the\ndilute limit implies interactions that are insufficiently attractive to\nengender phase separation. Instead, this is driven by the emergence of\nmulti-body effects associated with particle caging that occurs at sufficiently\nhigh number density. We quantify these effects via information-theoretical\nmeasures of $n$-body effective interactions extracted from the configurational\nstructure.",
        "positive": "Tsallis distribution with complex nonextensivity parameter q: We discuss a Tsallis distribution with complex nonextensivity parameter $q$.\nIn this case the usual distribution is decorated with a log-periodic\noscillating factor (apparently, such oscillations can bee seen in recently\nmeasured transverse momentum distributions in collisions at very high\nenergies). Complex $q$ also means complex heat capacity which shall also be\nbriefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sign problems in path integral formulations of quantum mechanics and\n  quantum statistics: Nowadays the term 'sign problem' is used to identify two different problems.\nThe ideas to overcome the first type of the 'sign problem' of strongly\noscillating complex valued imtegrand in the Feynman path integrals comes from\nPicard-Lefschetz theory and a complex version of Morse theory. The main idea is\nto select Lefschetz thimbles as the cycle approaching the critical point at the\npath-integration, where the imaginary part of the complex action stays\nconstant. Since the imaginary part of the action is constant on each thimble,\nthe sign problem disappears and the integral can be calculated much more\neffectively. Here based on the Metropolis -- Hastings algorithm a new method of\ncalculations of the integral of the strongly oscillating integrands has been\nprosed. Some simple test calculation and comparison with available analytical\nresults have been carried out. The second type of the 'sign problem' arises at\nstudies Fermi systems by path integral approach and is caused by the\nrequirement of antisymmetrization of the real valued matrix elements of the\ndensity matrix. An explicit analytical expression for effective pair\npseudopotential in phase space has been discussed in Wigner formulation of\nquantum mechanics. Obtained pseudopotential allow to account for Fermi\nstatistical effects as realizes the Pauli blocking of fermions due to the\nrepulsion between identical fermions, which prevents their occupation of same\nphase space cell. To test this approach, calculations of the momentum\ndistribution function of the ideal system of Fermi particles have been\npresented over a wide range of momentum and degeneracy parameter.",
        "positive": "Fractality \u00e0 la carte: a general particle-cluster aggregation model: Aggregation phenomena are ubiquitous in nature, encompassing\nout-of-equilibrium processes of fractal pattern formation, important in many\nareas of science and technology. Despite their simplicity, foundational models\nsuch as diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) or ballistic aggregation (BA), have\ncontributed to reveal the most basic mechanisms that give origin to fractal\nstructures. Hitherto, it has been commonly accepted that, in the absence of\nlong-range particle-cluster interactions, the trajectories of aggregating\nparticles, carrying the entropic information of the growing medium, are the\nmain elements of the aggregation dynamics that determine the fractality and\nmorphology of the aggregates. However, when interactions are not negligible,\nfractality is enhanced or emerges from the screening effects generated by the\naggregated particles, a fact that has led to believe that the main contribution\nto fractality and morphology is of an energetic character only, turning the\nentropic one of no special significance, to be considered just as an intrinsic\nstochastic element. Here we show that, even when long-range attractive\ninteractions are considered, not only screening effects but also, in a very\nsignificant manner, particle trajectories themselves are the two fundamental\ningredients that give rise to the fractality in aggregates. We found that,\nwhile the local morphology of the aggregates is determined by the interactions,\ntheir global aspect will exclusively depend on the particle trajectories. Thus,\nby considering an effective aggregation range, we obtain a wide and versatile\ngeneralization of the DLA and BA models. Furthermore, for the first time, we\nshow how to generate a vast richness of natural-looking branching clusters with\nany prescribed fractal dimension, very precisely controlled."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inhibition of spontaneous emission in Fermi gases: Fermi inhibition is a quantum statistical analogue for the inhibition of\nspontaneous emission by an excited atom in a cavity. This is achieved when the\nrelevant motional states are already occupied by a cloud of cold atoms in the\ninternal ground state. We exhibit non-trivial effects at finite temperature and\nin anisotropic traps, and briefly consider a possible experimental realization.",
        "positive": "Non-Equilibrium Dynamics of Correlated Electron Transfer in Molecular\n  Chains: The relaxation dynamics of correlated electron transport (ET) along molecular\nchains is studied based on a substantially improved numerically exact path\nintegral Monte Carlo (PIMC) approach. As archetypical model we consider a\nHubbard chain containing two interacting electrons coupled to a bosonic bath.\nFor this generalization of the ubiquitous spin-boson model, the intricate\ninterdependence of correlations and dissipation leads to non-Boltzmann thermal\nequilibrium distributions for many-body states. By mapping the multi-particle\ndynamics onto an isomorphic single particle motion this phenomenon is shown to\nbe sensitive to the particle statistics and due to its robustness allows for\nnew control schemes in designed quantum aggregates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two generalizations of the Boltzmann equation: We connect two different generalizations of Boltzmann's kinetic theory by\nrequiring the same stationary solution. Non-extensive statistics can be\nproduced by either using corresponding collision rates nonlinear in the\none-particle densities or equivalently by using nontrivial energy composition\nrules in the energy conservation constraint. Direct transformation formulas\nbetween key functions of the two approaches are given.",
        "positive": "Critical exponents and universal excess cluster number of percolation in\n  four and five dimensions: We study critical bond percolation on periodic four-dimensional (4D) and\nfive-dimensional (5D) hypercubes by Monte Carlo simulations. By classifying the\noccupied bonds into branches, junctions and non-bridges, we construct the\nwhole, the leaf-free and the bridge-free clusters using the\nbreadth-first-search algorithm. From the geometric properties of these\nclusters, we determine a set of four critical exponents, including the thermal\nexponent $y_{\\rm t} \\equiv 1/\\nu$, the fractal dimension $d_{\\rm f}$, the\nbackbone exponent $d_{\\rm B}$ and the shortest-path exponent $d_{\\rm min}$. We\nalso obtain an estimate of the excess cluster number $b$ which is a universal\nquantity related to the finite-size scaling of the total number of clusters.\nThe results are $y_{\\rm t} = 1.461(5)$, $d_{\\rm f} = 3.044 \\, 6(7)$, $d_{\\rm B}\n= 1.984\\,4(11)$, $d_{\\rm min} = 1.604 \\, 2(5)$, $b = 0.62(1)$ for 4D; and\n$y_{\\rm t} = 1.743(10)$, $d_{\\rm f} = 3.526\\,0(14)$, $d_{\\rm B} =\n2.022\\,6(27)$, $d_{\\rm min} = 1.813\\, 7(16)$, $b = 0.62(2)$ for 5D. The values\nof the critical exponents are compatible with or improving over the existing\nestimates, and those of the excess cluster number $b$ have not been reported\nbefore. Together with the existing values in other spatial dimensions $d$, the\n$d$-dependent behavior of the critical exponents is obtained, and a local\nmaximum of $d_{\\rm B}$ is observed near $d \\approx 5$. It is suggested that, as\nexpected, critical percolation clusters become more and more dendritic as $d$\nincreases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Gibbs ensembles for time dependent processes: An information theory description of finite systems explicitly evolving in\ntime is presented for classical as well as quantum mechanics. We impose a\nvariational principle on the Shannon entropy at a given time while the\nconstraints are set at a former time. The resulting density matrix deviates\nfrom the Boltzmann kernel and contains explicit time odd components which can\nbe interpreted as collective flows. Applications include quantum brownian\nmotion, linear response theory, out of equilibrium situations for which the\nrelevant information is collected within different time scales before entropy\nsaturation, and the dynamics of the expansion.",
        "positive": "Local Variational Principle: A generalization of the Gibbs-Bogoliubov-Feynman inequality for spinless\nparticles is proven and then illustrated for the simple model of a symmetric\ndouble-well quartic potential. The method gives a pointwise lower bound for the\nfinite-temperature density matrix and it can be systematically improved by the\nTrotter composition rule. It is also shown to produce groundstate energies\nbetter than the ones given by the Rayleigh-Ritz principle as applied to the\ngroundstate eigenfunctions of the reference potentials. Based on this\nobservation, it is argued that the Local Variational Principle performs better\nthan the equivalent methods based on the centroid path idea and on the\nGibbs-Bogoliubov-Feynman variational principle, especially in the range of low\ntemperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonperturbative Quantum Physics from Low-Order Perturbation Theory: The Stark effect in hydrogen and the cubic anharmonic oscillator furnish\nexamples of quantum systems where the perturbation results in a certain\nionization probability by tunneling processes. Accordingly, the perturbed\nground-state energy is shifted and broadened, thus acquiring an imaginary part\nwhich is considered to be a paradigm of nonperturbative behavior. Here we\ndemonstrate how the low order coefficients of a divergent perturbation series\ncan be used to obtain excellent approximations to both real and imaginary parts\nof the perturbed ground state eigenenergy. The key is to use analytic\ncontinuation functions with a built in analytic structure within the complex\nplane of the coupling constant, which is tailored by means of Bender-Wu\ndispersion relations. In the examples discussed the analytic continuation\nfunctions are Gauss hypergeometric functions, which take as input fourth order\nperturbation theory and return excellent approximations to the complex\nperturbed eigenvalue. These functions are Borel-consistent and dramatically\noutperform widely used Pad\\'e and Borel-Pad\\'e approaches, even for rather\nlarge values of the coupling constant.",
        "positive": "Scaling in cosmic structures: The study of the properties of cosmic structures in the universe is one of\nthe most fascinating subject of the modern cosmology research. Far from being\npredicted, the large scale structure of the matter distribution is a very\nrecent discovery, which continuosly exhibits new features and issues. We have\nfaced such topic along two directions; from one side we have studied the\ncorrelation properties of the cosmic structures, that we have found\nsubstantially different from the commonly accepted ones. From the other side,\nwe have studied the statistical properties of the very simplified system, in\nthe attempt to capture the essential ingredients of the formation of the\nobserved structures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling behaviour in the fracture of fibrous materials: We study the existence of distinct failure regimes in a model for fracture in\nfibrous materials. We simulate a bundle of parallel fibers under uniaxial\nstatic load and observe two different failure regimes: a catastrophic and a\nslowly shredding. In the catastrophic regime the initial deformation produces a\ncrack which percolates through the bundle. In the slowly shredding regime the\ninitial deformations will produce small cracks which gradually weaken the\nbundle. The boundary between the catastrophic and the shredding regimes is\nstudied by means of percolation theory and of finite-size scaling theory. In\nthis boundary, the percolation density $\\rho$ scales with the system size $L$,\nwhich implies the existence of a second-order phase transition with the same\ncritical exponents as those of usual percolation.",
        "positive": "Stability of the homogeneous steady state for a model of a confined\n  quasi-two-dimensional granular fluid: A linear stability analysis of the hydrodynamic equations of a model for\nconfined quasi-two-dimensional granular gases is carried out. The stability\nanalysis is performed around the homogeneous steady state (HSS) reached\neventually by the system after a transient regime. In contrast to previous\nstudies (which considered dilute or quasielastic systems), our analysis is\nbased on the results obtained from the inelastic Enskog kinetic equation, which\ntakes into account the (nonlinear) dependence of the transport coefficients and\nthe cooling rate on dissipation and applies to moderate densities. As in\nearlier studies, the analysis shows that the HSS is linearly stable with\nrespect to long enough wavelength excitations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Logarithmic corrections in the aging of the fully-frustrated Ising model: We study the dynamics of the critical two-dimensional fully-frustrated Ising\nmodel by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The dynamical exponent is estimated\nat equilibrium and is shown to be compatible with the value $z_c=2$. In a\nsecond step, the system is prepared in the paramagnetic phase and then quenched\nat its critical temperature $T_c=0$. Numerical evidences for the existence of\nlogarithmic corrections in the aging regime are presented. These corrections\nmay be related to the topological defects observed in other fully-frustrated\nmodels. The autocorrelation exponent is estimated to be $\\lambda=d$ as for the\nIsing chain quenched at $T_c=0$.",
        "positive": "Velocity of sound in a Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of an\n  optical lattice and transverse confinement: We study the effect of the transverse degrees of freedom on the velocity of\nsound in a Bose-Einstein condensate immersed in a one-dimensional optical\nlattice and radially confined by a harmonic trap. We compare the results of\nfull three-dimensional calculations with those of an effective 1D model based\non the equation of state of the condensate. The perfect agreement between the\ntwo approaches is demonstrated for several optical lattice depths and\nthroughout the full crossover from the 1D mean-field to the Thomas Fermi regime\nin the radial direction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarse-graining and symplectic non-squeezing: We address aspects of coarse-graining in classical Statistical Physics from\nthe viewpoint of the symplectic non-squeezing theorem. We make some comments\nregarding the implications of the symplectic non-squeezing theorem for the\nBBGKY hierarchy. We also see the cubic cells appearing in coarse-graining as a\ndirect consequence of the uniqueness of Hofer's metric on the group of\nHamiltonian diffeomorphisms of the phase space.",
        "positive": "Applications of the divergence theorem in Bayesian inference and MaxEnt: Given a probability density $P({\\bf x}|{\\boldsymbol \\lambda})$, where $\\bf x$\nrepresents continuous degrees of freedom and $\\lambda$ a set of parameters, it\nis possible to construct a general identity relating expectations of observable\nquantities, which is a generalization of the equipartition theorem in\nThermodynamics.\n  In this work we explore some of the consequences of this relation, both in\nthe context of sampling distributions and Bayesian posteriors, and how it can\nbe used to extract some information without the need for explicit calculation\nof the partition function (or the Bayesian evidence, in the case of posterior\nexpectations). Together with the general family of fluctuation theorems it\nconstitutes a powerful tool for Bayesian/MaxEnt problems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mesoscale mode coupling theory for the weakly asymmetric simple\n  exclusion process: The asymmetric simple exclusion process and its analysis by mode coupling\ntheory (MCT) is reviewed. To treat the weakly asymmetric case at large space\nscale $x\\varepsilon^{-1}$, %(corresponding to small Fourier momentum at scale\n$p\\varepsilon$), large time scale $t \\varepsilon^{-\\chi}$ and weak hopping bias\n$b \\varepsilon^{\\kappa}$ in the limit $\\varepsilon \\to 0$ we develop a\nmesoscale MCT that allows for studying the crossover at $\\kappa=1/2$ and\n$\\chi=2$ from Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) to Edwards-Wilkinson (EW) universality.\nThe dynamical structure function is shown to satisfy for all $\\kappa$ an\nintegral equation that is independent of the microscopic model parameters and\nhas a solution that yields a scale-invariant function with the KPZ dynamical\nexponent $z=3/2$ at scale $\\chi=3/2+\\kappa$ for $0\\leq\\kappa<1/2$ and for\n$\\chi=2$ the exact Gaussian EW solution with $z=2$ for $\\kappa>1/2$. At the\ncrossover point it is a function of both scaling variables which converges at\nmacroscopic scale to the conventional MCT approximation of KPZ universality for\n$\\kappa<1/2$. This fluctuation pattern confirms long-standing conjectures for\n$\\kappa \\leq 1/2$ and is in agreement with mathematically rigorous results for\n$\\kappa>1/2$ despite the numerous uncontrolled approximations on which MCT is\nbased.",
        "positive": "Inducing Effect on the Percolation Transition in Complex Networks: Percolation theory concerns the emergence of connected clusters that\npercolate through a networked system. Previous studies ignored the effect that\na node outside the percolating cluster may actively induce its inside\nneighbours to exit the percolating cluster. Here we study this inducing effect\non the classical site percolation and K-core percolation, showing that the\ninducing effect always causes a discontinuous percolation transition. We\nprecisely predict the percolation threshold and core size for uncorrelated\nrandom networks with arbitrary degree distributions. For low-dimensional\nlattices the percolation threshold fluctuates considerably over realizations,\nyet we can still predict the core size once the percolation occurs. The core\nsizes of real-world networks can also be well predicted using degree\ndistribution as the only input. Our work therefore provides a theoretical\nframework for quantitatively understanding discontinuous breakdown phenomena in\nvarious complex systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonuniversality of heat engine efficiency at maximum power: We study the efficiency of a simple quantum dot heat engine at maximum power.\nIn contrast to the quasi-statically operated Carnot engine whose efficiency\nreaches the theoretical maximum, recent research on more realistic engines\noperated in a finite time has revealed other classes of efficiencies such as\nthe Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency maximizing the power. Such a power-maximizing\nefficiency has been argued to be always the half of the maximum efficiency up\nto the linear order near equilibrium under the tight-coupling condition between\nthermodynamic fluxes. We show, however, that this universality may break down\nfor the quantum dot heat engine, depending on the constraint imposed on the\nengine control parameters (local optimization), even though the tight-coupling\ncondition remains satisfied.It is shown that this deviation is critically\nrelated to the applicability of the linear irreversible thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "First passage properties in a crowded environment: We develop a model to compute the first-passage time of a random walker in a\ncrowded environment. Hard-core particles with the same size and diffusion\ncoefficient than the tracer diffuse, and the model allows to compute the first\npassage time of the tracer on euclidian lattices. The result is compared to\nclassical Nakazato-Kitahara model, and extends previous results obtained for\npersistent random walker. The crowding in a confined media acts as a memory\neffect, and thus lead to a persistent-like behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective Hamiltonian with holomorphic variables: The pure-quantum self-consistent harmonic approximation (PQSCHA) permits to\nstudy a quantum system by means of an effective classical Hamiltonian. In this\nwork the PQSCHA is reformulated in terms of the holomorphic variables connected\nto a set of bosonic operators. The holomorphic formulation, based on the\nolomorphic path integral for the Weyl symbol of the density matrix, makes it\npossible to directly approach general Hamiltonians given in terms of bosonic\ncreation and annihilation operators.",
        "positive": "Mechanisms of synchronization and pattern formation in a lattice of\n  pulse-coupled oscillators: We analyze the physical mechanisms leading either to synchronization or to\nthe formation of spatio-temporal patterns in a lattice model of pulse-coupled\noscillators. In order to make the system tractable from a mathematical point of\nview we study a one-dimensional ring with unidirectional coupling. In such a\nsituation, exact results concerning the stability of the fixed of the dynamic\nevolution of the lattice can be obtained. Furthermore, we show that this\nstability is the responsible for the different behaviors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boltzmann's entropy during free expansion of an interacting ideal gas: In this work we study the evolution of Boltzmann's entropy in the context of\nfree expansion of a one dimensional interacting gas inside a box. Boltzmann's\nentropy is defined for single microstates and is given by the phase-space\nvolume occupied by microstates with the same value of macrovariables which are\ncoarse-grained physical observables. We demonstrate the idea of typicality in\nthe growth of the Boltzmann's entropy for two choices of macro-variables -- the\nsingle particle phase space distribution and the hydrodynamic fields. Due to\nthe presence of interaction, the growth curves for both these entropies are\nobserved to converge to a monotonically increasing limiting curve, on taking\nthe appropriate order of limits, of large system size and small coarse graining\nscale. Moreover, we observe that the limiting growth curves for the two choices\nof entropies are identical as implied by local thermal equilibrium. We also\ndiscuss issues related to finite size and finite coarse gaining scale which\nlead interesting features such as oscillations in the entropy growth curve. We\nalso discuss shocks observed in the hydrodynamic fields.",
        "positive": "Support set of random wave-functions on the Bethe lattice: We introduce a new measure of ergodicity, the support set $S_\\varepsilon$,\nfor random wave functions on disordered lattices. It is more sensitive than the\ntraditional inverse participation ratios and their moments in the cases where\nthe extended state is very sparse. We express the typical support set\n$S_{\\varepsilon}$ in terms of the distribution function of the wave function\namplitudes and illustrate the scaling of $S_{\\varepsilon}\\propto N^{\\alpha}$\nwith $N$ (the lattice size) for the most general case of the multi-fractal\ndistribution. A number of relationships between the new exponent $\\alpha$ and\nthe conventional spectrum of multi-fractal dimensions is established. These\nrelationships are tested by numerical study of statistics of wave functions on\ndisordered Bethe lattices. We also obtain numerically the finite-size spectrum\nof fractal dimensions on the Bethe lattice which shows two apparent fixed\npoints as $N$ increases. The results allow us to conjecture that extended\nstates on the Bethe lattice at all strengths of disorder below the localization\ntransition are non-ergodic with a clear multifractal structure that evolves\ntowards almost ergodic behavior in the clean limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic sandpile model on small-world networks: scaling and crossover: A dissipative stochastic sandpile model is constructed on one and two\ndimensional small-world networks with different shortcut densities $\\phi$ where\n$\\phi=0$ and $1$ represent a regular lattice and a random network respectively.\nIn the small-world regime ($2^{-12} \\le \\phi \\le 0.1$), the critical behaviour\nof the model is explored studying different geometrical properties of the\navalanches as a function of avalanche size $s$. For both the dimensions, three\nregions of $s$, separated by two crossover sizes $s_1$ and $s_2$ ($s_1<s_2$),\nare identified analyzing the scaling behaviour of average height and area of\nthe toppling surface associated with an avalanche. It is found that avalanches\nof size $s<s_1$ are compact and follow Manna scaling on the regular lattice\nwhereas the avalanches with size $s>s_1$ are sparse as they are on network and\nfollow mean-field scaling. Coexistence of different scaling forms in the\nsmall-world regime leads to violation of usual finite-size scaling, in contrary\nto the fact that the model follows the same on the regular lattice as well as\non the random network independently. Simultaneous appearance of multiple\nscaling forms are characterized by developing a coexistence scaling theory. As\nSWN evolves from regular lattice to random network, a crossover from diffusive\nto super-diffusive nature of sand transport is observed and scaling forms of\nsuch crossover is developed and verified.",
        "positive": "Correlations in the Bond-Future Market: We analyze the time series of overnight returns for the bund and btp futures\nexchanged at LIFFE (London). The overnight returns of both assets are mapped\nonto a one-dimensional symbolic-dynamics random walk: The `bond walk'. During\nthe considered period (October 1991 - January 1994) the bund-future market\nopened earlier than the btp-future one. The crosscorrelations between the two\nbond walks, as well as estimates of the conditional probability, show that they\nare not independent; however each walk can be modeled by means of a trinomial\nprobability distribution. Monte Carlo simulations confirm that it is necessary\nto take into account the bivariate dependence in order to properly reproduce\nthe statistical properties of the real-world data. Various investment\nstrategies have been devised to exploit the `prior' information obtained by the\naforementioned analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature-driven dynamics of quantum liquids: Logarithmic\n  nonlinearity, phase structure and rising force: We study a large class of strongly interacting condensate-like materials,\nwhich can be characterized by a normalizable complex-valued function. A quantum\nwave equation with logarithmic nonlinearity is known to describe such systems,\nat least in a leading-order approximation, wherein the nonlinear coupling is\nrelated to temperature. This equation can be mapped onto the flow equations of\nan inviscid barotropic fluid with intrinsic surface tension and capillarity;\nthe fluid is shown to have a nontrivial phase structure controlled by its\ntemperature. It is demonstrated that in the case of a varying nonlinear\ncoupling an additional force occurs, which is parallel to a gradient of the\ncoupling. The model predicts that the temperature difference creates a\ndirection in space in which quantum liquids can flow, even against the force of\ngravity. We also present arguments explaining why superfluids; be it superfluid\ncomponents of liquified cold gases, or Cooper pairs inside superconductors, can\naffect closely positioned acceleration-measuring devices.",
        "positive": "Criticality governed by the stable renormalization fixed point of the\n  Ising model in the hierarchical small-world network: We study the Ising model in a hierarchical small-world network by\nrenormalization group analysis, and find a phase transition between an ordered\nphase and a critical phase, which is driven by the coupling strength of the\nshortcut edges. Unlike ordinary phase transitions, which are related to\nunstable renormalization fixed points (FPs), the singularity in the ordered\nphase of the present model is governed by the FP that coincides with the stable\nFP of the ordered phase. The weak stability of the FP yields peculiar\ncriticalities including logarithmic behavior. On the other hand, the critical\nphase is related to a nontrivial FP, which depends on the coupling strength and\nis continuously connected to the ordered FP at the transition point. We show\nthat this continuity indicates the existence of a finite\ncorrelation-length-like quantity inside the critical phase, which diverges upon\napproaching the transition point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of Bose-Condensed Atomic Hydrogen: We study the thermodynamics of the Bose-condensed atomic hydrogen confined in\nthe Ioffe-Pritchard potential. Such a trapping potential, that models the\nmagnetic trap used in recent experiments with hydrogen, is anharmonic and\nstrongly anisotropic. We calculate the ground-state properties, the condensed\nand non-condensed fraction and the Bose-Einstein transition temperature. The\nthermodynamics of the system is strongly affected by the anharmonicity of this\nexternal trap. Finally, we consider the possibility to detect Josephson-like\ncurrents by creating a double-well barrier with a laser beam.",
        "positive": "Steady state fluctuation relations for systems driven by an external\n  random force: We experimentally study the fluctuations of the work done by an external\nGaussian random force on two different stochastic systems coupled to a thermal\nbath: a colloidal particle in an optical trap and an atomic force microscopy\ncantilever. We determine the corresponding probability density functions for\ndifferent random forcing amplitudes ranging from a small fraction to several\ntimes the amplitude of the thermal noise. In both systems for sufficiently weak\nforcing amplitudes the work fluctuations satisfy the usual steady state\nfluctuation theorem. As the forcing amplitude drives the system far from\nequilibrium, deviations of the fluctuation theorem increase monotonically. The\ndeviations can be recasted to a single master curve which only depends on the\nkind of stochastic external force."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional differential and integral operations and cumulative processes: In this study the general formula for differential and integral operations of\nfractional calculus via fractal operators by the method of cumulative\ndiminution and cumulative growth is obtained. The under lying mechanism in the\nsuccess of traditional fractional calculus for describing complex systems is\nuncovered. The connection between complex physics with fractional\ndifferentiation and integration operations is established.",
        "positive": "State-space renormalization group theory of nonequilibrium reaction\n  networks: Exact solutions for hypercubic lattices in arbitrary dimensions: Nonequilibrium reaction networks (NRNs) underlie most biological functions.\nDespite their diverse dynamic properties, NRNs share the signature\ncharacteristics of persistent probability fluxes and continuous energy\ndissipation even in the steady state. Dynamics of NRNs can be described at\ndifferent coarse-grained levels. Our previous work showed that the apparent\nenergy dissipation rate at a coarse-grained level follows an inverse power law\ndependence on the scale of coarse-graining. The scaling exponent is determined\nby the network structure and correlation of stationary probability fluxes.\nHowever, it remains unclear whether and how the (renormalized) flux correlation\nvaries with coarse-graining. Following Kadanoff's real space renormalization\ngroup (RG) approach for critical phenomena, we address this question by\ndeveloping a State-Space Renormalization Group (SSRG) theory for NRNs, which\nleads to an iterative RG equation for the flux correlation function. In square\nand hypercubic lattices, we solve the RG equation exactly and find two types of\nfixed point solutions: a family of nontrivial fixed points where the\ncorrelation exhibits power-law decay and a trivial fixed point where the\ncorrelation vanishes beyond the nearest neighbors. The power-law fixed point is\nstable if and only if the power exponent is less than the lattice dimension\n$n$. Consequently, the correlation function converges to the power-law fixed\npoint only when the correlation in the fine-grained network decays slower than\n$r^{-n}$ and to the trivial fixed point otherwise. If the flux correlation in\nthe fine-grained network contains multiple stable solutions with different\nexponents, the RG iteration dynamics select the fixed point solution with the\nsmallest exponent. We also discuss a possible connection between the RG flows\nof flux correlation with those of the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface critical behavior of fluids: Lennard-Jones fluid near weakly\n  attractive substrate: The phase behavior of fluids near weakly attractive substrates is studied by\ncomputer simulations of the coexistence curve of a Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid\nconfined in a slitlike pore. The temperature dependence of the density profiles\nof the LJ fluid is found to be very similar to the behavior of water near\nhydrophobic surfaces (Brovchenko et al. J.Phys.: Cond.Matt. v.16, 2004). A\nuniversal critical behavior of the local order parameter, defined as the\ndifference between the local densities of the coexisting liquid and vapor\nphases at some distance z from the pore walls, Deltarho(z) = (rho_l(z) -\nrho_v(z))/2, is observed in a wide temperature range and found to be consistent\nwith the surface critical behavior of the Ising model. Near the surface the\ndependence of the order parameter on the reduced temperature tau = (T_c -\nT)/T_c obeys a scaling law ~ tau^(beta_1) with a critical exponent beta_1 of\nabout 0.8, corresponding to the ordinary surface transition. A crossover from\nbulk-like to surface-like critical behavior with increasing temperature occurs,\nwhen the correlation length is about half the distance to the surface.\nRelations between the ordinary and normal transitions in Ising systems and the\nsurface critical behavior of fluids are discussed.",
        "positive": "Competition between lanes and transient jammed clusters in driven binary\n  mixtures: We consider mixtures of oppositely driven particles, showing that their\nnon-equilibrium steady states form lanes parallel to the drive, which coexist\nwith transient jammed clusters where particles are temporarily immobilised. We\nanalyse the interplay between these two types of non-equilibrium pattern\nformation, including their implications for macroscopic demixing perpendicular\nto the drive. Finite-size scaling analysis indicates that there is no critical\ndriving force associated with demixing, which appears as a crossover in finite\nsystems. We attribute this effect to the disruption of long-ranged order by the\ntransient jammed clusters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An additive variant of Tsallis generalized entropy: This is an analysis of the additivity of the entropy of thermodynamical\nsystems with finite heat baths. It is presented an expression for the physical\nentropy of weakly interacting ergodic systems, and it is shown that it is valid\nfor both the microcanonical (constant energy), the Boltzmann-Gibbs canonical\n(infinite heat bath) and the Tsallis (finite heat bath) ensembles. This\nphysical entropy may be written as a variant of Tsallis entropy. It becomes an\nadditive function after a suitable choice of additive constants, in a procedure\nreminiscent to the solution presented by Gibbs to the paradox bearing his name.",
        "positive": "Quantum Corrections to the Energy Density of a Homogeneous Bose Gas: Quantum corrections to the properties of a homogeneous interacting Bose gas\nat zero temperature can be calculated as a low-density expansion in powers of\n$\\sqrt{\\rho a^3}$, where $\\rho$ is the number density and $a$ is the S-wave\nscattering length. We calculate the ground state energy density to second order\nin $\\sqrt{\\rho a^3}$. The coefficient of the $\\rho a^3$ correction has a\nlogarithmic term that was calculated in 1959. We present the first calculation\nof the constant under the logarithm. The constant depends not only on $a$, but\nalso on an extra parameter that describes the low energy $3\\to 3$ scattering of\nthe bosons. In the case of alkali atoms, we argue that the second order quantum\ncorrection is dominated by the logarithmic term, where the argument of the\nlogarithm is $\\rho a \\ell_V^2$, and $\\ell_V$ is the length scale set by the van\nder Waals potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Speck of Chaos: It has been shown that, despite being local, a perturbation applied to a\nsingle site of the one-dimensional XXZ model is enough to bring this\ninteracting integrable spin-1/2 system to the chaotic regime. Here, we show\nthat this is not unique to this model, but happens also to the Ising model in a\ntransverse field and to the spin-1 Lai-Sutherland chain. The larger the system\nis, the smaller the amplitude of the local perturbation for the onset of chaos.\nWe focus on two indicators of chaos, the correlation hole, which is a dynamical\ntool, and the distribution of off-diagonal elements of local observables, which\nis used in the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. Both methods avoid\nspectrum unfolding and can detect chaos even when the eigenvalues are not\nseparated by symmetry sectors.",
        "positive": "Integrable Magnetic Model of Two Chains Coupled by Four-Body\n  Interactions: An exact solution for an XXZ chain with four-body interactions is obtained\nand its phase diagram is determined. The model can be reduced to two chains\ncoupled by four-body interactions, and it is shown that the ground state of the\ntwo-chain model is magnetized in part. Furthermore, a twisted four-body\ncorrelation function of the anti-ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain is obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Realization of stripes and slabs in two and three dimensions: We consider Ising models in two and three dimensions with nearest neighbor\nferromagnetic interactions and long range, power law decaying,\nantiferromagnetic interactions. If the strength of the ferromagnetic coupling J\nis larger than a critical value J_c, then the ground state is homogeneous and\nferromagnetic. As the critical value is approached from smaller values of J, it\nis believed that the ground state consists of a periodic array of stripes (d=2)\nor slabs (d=3), all of the same size and alternating magnetization. Here we\nprove rigorously that the ground state energy per site converges to that of the\noptimal periodic striped/slabbed state, in the limit that J tends to the\nferromagnetic transition point. While this theorem does not prove rigorously\nthat the ground state is precisely striped/slabbed, it does prove that in any\nsuitably large box the ground state is striped/slabbed with high probability.",
        "positive": "On the anomalous thermal conductivity of one-dimensional lattices: The divergence of the thermal conductivity in the thermodynamic limit is\nthoroughly investigated. The divergence law is consistently determined with two\ndifferent numerical approaches based on equilibrium and non-equilibrium\nsimulations. A possible explanation in the framework of linear-response theory\nis also presented, which traces back the physical origin of this anomaly to the\nslow diffusion of the energy of long-wavelength Fourier modes. Finally, the\nresults of dynamical simulations are compared with the predictions of\nmode-coupling theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variational HFB Equations in the Thomas-Fermi Limit for Ultracold\n  Trapped Gases: We derive variationally the HFB equations for a trapped self-interacting Bose\ngas at finite temperature. In the Thomas-Fermi limit, we obtain simple\nexpressions for the condensate, the non condensate and the anomalous densities.\nTheir behavior in terms of the condensate fraction meets qualitatively the\nexperimental data. In particular, the non condensate and the anomalous\ndensities are peaked at the center of the trap and not at the edges as\npredicted by the self-consistent HFB calculations.",
        "positive": "Network Structures from Selection Principles: We present an analysis of the topologies of a class of networks which are\noptimal in terms of the requirements of having as short a route as possible\nbetween any two nodes while yet keeping the congestion in the network as low as\npossible. Strikingly, we find a variety of distinct topologies and novel phase\ntransitions between them on varying the number of links per node. Our results\nsuggest that the emergence of the topologies observed in nature may arise both\nfrom growth mechanisms and the interplay of dynamical mechanisms with a\nselection process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic asset trees and portfolio analysis: The minimum spanning tree, based on the concept of ultrametricity, is\nconstructed from the correlation matrix of stock returns and provides a\nmeaningful economic taxonomy of the stock market. In order to study the\ndynamics of this asset tree we characterize it by its normalized length and by\nthe mean occupation layer, as measured from an appropriately chosen center. We\nshow how the tree evolves over time, and how it shrinks particularly strongly\nduring a stock market crisis. We then demonstrate that the assets of the\noptimal Markowitz portfolio lie practically at all times on the outskirts of\nthe tree. We also show that the normalized tree length and the investment\ndiversification potential are very strongly correlated.",
        "positive": "Thermal properties and Magnetic susceptibility of Hellmann potential in\n  Aharanov-Bohm(AB) flux and Magnetic fields at zero and finite temperatures: In this research work, the Hellmann potential is studied in the presence of\nexternal magnetic and AB-flux fields. We solve the Schrodinger in the presence\nof these fields and the potential via the functional analysis approach (FAA).\nThe energy equation and wave function of the system are obtained in closed\nform. The effect of the fields on the energy spectra of the system examined in\ndetails. It is found that the AB field performs better than the magnetic in its\nability to remove degeneracy. Furthermore, the magnetization and magnetic\nsusceptibility of the system was discussed at zero and finite temperatures. We\nevaluate the partition function and use it to evaluate other thermodynamic\nproperties of the system such as magnetic susceptibility, Helmholtz free\nenergy,entropy, internal energy and specific heat. A comparative analysis of\nthe magnetic susceptibility of the system at zero and finite temperature shows\na similarity in the behavior of the system. A straight forward extension of our\nresults to three dimension shows that the present result is consistent with\nwhat is obtains in literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exponential damping induced by random and realistic perturbations: Given a quantum many-body system and the expectation-value dynamics of some\noperator, we study how this reference dynamics is altered due to a perturbation\nof the system's Hamiltonian. Based on projection operator techniques, we unveil\nthat if the perturbation exhibits a random-matrix structure in the eigenbasis\nof the unperturbed Hamiltonian, then this perturbation effectively leads to an\nexponential damping of the original dynamics. Employing a combination of\ndynamical quantum typicality and numerical linked cluster expansions, we\ndemonstrate that our theoretical findings for random matrices can, in some\ncases, be relevant for the dynamics of realistic quantum many-body models as\nwell. Specifically, we study the decay of current autocorrelation functions in\nspin-$1/2$ ladder systems, where the rungs of the ladder are treated as a\nperturbation to the otherwise uncoupled legs. We find a convincing agreement\nbetween the exact dynamics and the lowest-order prediction over a wide range of\ninterchain couplings.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions and edge scaling of number variance in Gaussian random\n  matrices: We consider $N\\times N$ Gaussian random matrices, whose average density of\neigenvalues has the Wigner semi-circle form over $[-\\sqrt{2},\\sqrt{2}]$. For\nsuch matrices, using a Coulomb gas technique, we compute the large $N$ behavior\nof the probability $\\mathcal{P}_{\\scriptscriptstyle N,L}(N_L)$ that $N_L$\neigenvalues lie within the box $[-L,L]$. This probability scales as\n$\\mathcal{P}_{\\scriptscriptstyle N,L}(N_L=\\kappa_L N)\\approx\\exp\\left(-{\\beta}\nN^2 \\psi_L(\\kappa_L)\\right)$, where $\\beta$ is the Dyson index of the ensemble\nand $\\psi_L(\\kappa_L)$ is a $\\beta$-independent rate function that we compute\nexactly. We identify three regimes as $L$ is varied: (i) $\\, N^{-1}\\ll\nL<\\sqrt{2}$ (bulk), (ii) $\\ L\\sim\\sqrt{2}$ on a scale of\n$\\mathcal{O}(N^{-{2}/{3}})$ (edge) and (iii) $\\ L > \\sqrt{2}$ (tail). We find a\ndramatic non-monotonic behavior of the number variance $V_N(L)$ as a function\nof $L$: after a logarithmic growth $\\propto \\ln (N L)$ in the bulk (when $L\n\\sim {\\cal O}(1/N)$), $V_N(L)$ decreases abruptly as $L$ approaches the edge of\nthe semi-circle before it decays as a stretched exponential for $L > \\sqrt{2}$.\nThis \"drop-off\" of $V_N(L)$ at the edge is described by a scaling function\n$\\tilde V_{\\beta}$ which smoothly interpolates between the bulk (i) and the\ntail (iii). For $\\beta = 2$ we compute $\\tilde V_2$ explicitly in terms of the\nAiry kernel. These analytical results, verified by numerical simulations,\ndirectly provide for $\\beta=2$ the full statistics of particle-number\nfluctuations at zero temperature of 1d spinless fermions in a harmonic trap."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling of Clusters and Winding Angle Statistics of Iso-height Lines in\n  two-dimensional KPZ Surface: We investigate the statistics of Iso-height lines of (2+1)-dimensional\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang model at different level sets around the mean height in the\nsaturation regime. We find that the exponent describing the distribution of the\nheight-cluster size behaves differently for level cuts above and below the mean\nheight, while the fractal dimensions of the height-clusters and their\nperimeters remain unchanged. The winding angle statistics also confirms again\nthe conformal invariance of these contour lines in the same universality class\nof self-avoiding random walks (SAWs).",
        "positive": "Broken scaling in the Forest Fire Model: We investigate the scaling behavior of the cluster size distribution in the\nDrossel-Schwabl Forest Fire model (DS-FFM) by means of large scale numerical\nsimulations, partly on (massively) parallel machines. It turns out that simple\nscaling is clearly violated, as already pointed out by Grassberger [P.\nGrassberger, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 26, 2081 (1993)], but largely ignored in\nthe literature. Most surprisingly the statistics not seems to be described by a\nuniversal scaling function, and the scale of the physically relevant region\nseems to be a constant. Our results strongly suggest that the DS-FFM is not\ncritical in the sense of being free of characteristic scales."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How Hot Is Radiation?: A self-consistent approach to nonequilibrium radiation temperature is\nintroduced using the distribution of the energy over states. We begin\nrigorously with ensembles of Hilbert spaces and end with practical examples\nbased mainly on the far from equilibrium radiation of lasers. We show that very\nhigh, but not infinite, laser radiation temperatures depend on intensity and\nfrequency. Heuristic \"temperatures\" derived from a misapplication of\nequilibrium arguments are shown to be incorrect. More general conditions for\nthe validity of nonequilibrium temperatures are also established.",
        "positive": "Aging in a Two-Dimensional Ising Model with Dipolar Interactions: Aging in a two-dimensional Ising spin model with both ferromagnetic exchange\nand antiferromagnetic dipolar interactions is established and investigated via\nMonte Carlo simulations. The behaviour of the autocorrelation function\n$C(t,t_w)$ is analyzed for different values of the temperature, the waiting\ntime $t_w$ and the quotient $\\delta=J_0/J_d$, $J_0$ and $J_d$ being the\nstrength of exchange and dipolar interactions respectively. Different\nbehaviours are encountered for $C(t,t_w)$ at low temperatures as $\\delta$ is\nvaried. Our results show that, depending on the value of $\\delta$, the dynamics\nof this non-disordered model is consistent either with a slow domain dynamics\ncharacteristic of ferromagnets or with an activated scenario, like that\nproposed for spin glasses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy fluctuations in a biharmonically driven nonlinear system: We study the fluctuations of work done and dissipated heat of a Brownian\nparticle in a symmetric double well system. The system is driven by two\nperiodic input signals that rock the potential simultaneously. Confinement in\none preferred well can be achieved by modulating the relative phase between the\ndrives. We show that in the presence of pumping the stochastic resonance signal\nis enhanced when analyzed in terms of the average work done on the system per\ncycle. This is in contrast to the case when pumping is achieved by applying an\nexternal static bias, which degrades resonance. We analyze the nature of work\nand heat fluctuations and show that the steady state fluctuation theorem holds\nin this system.",
        "positive": "Convergence of the probability of large deviations in a model of\n  correlated random variables having compact-support $Q$-Gaussians as limiting\n  distributions: We consider correlated random variables $X_1,\\dots,X_n$ taking values in\n$\\{0,1\\}$ such that, for any permutation $\\pi$ of $\\{1,\\dots,n\\}$, the random\nvectors $(X_1,\\dots,X_n)$ and $(X_{\\pi(1)},\\dots,X_{\\pi(n)})$ have the same\ndistribution. This distribution, which was introduced by Rodr\\'iguez et al\n(2008) and then generalized by Hanel et al (2009), is scale-invariant and\ndepends on a real parameter $\\nu>0$ ($\\nu\\to\\infty$ implies independence).\nPutting $S_n=X_1+\\cdots+X_n$, the distribution of $S_n-n/2$ approaches a\n$Q$-Gaussian distribution with compact support ($Q=1-1/(\\nu-1)<1$) as $n$\nincreases, after appropriate scaling. In the present article, we show that the\ndistribution of $S_n/n$ converges, as $n\\to\\infty$, to a beta distribution with\nboth parameters equal to $\\nu$. In particular, the law of large numbers does\nnot hold since, if $0\\le x<1/2$, then $\\mathbb{P}(S_n/n\\le x)$, which is the\nprobability of the event $\\{S_n/n\\le x\\}$ (large deviation), does not converges\nto zero as $n\\to\\infty$. For $x=0$ and every real $\\nu>0$, we show that\n$\\mathbb{P}(S_n=0)$ decays to zero like a power law of the form $1/n^\\nu$ with\na subdominant term of the form $1/n^{\\nu+1}$. If $0<x\\le 1$ and $\\nu>0$ is an\ninteger, we show that we can analytically find upper and lower bounds for the\ndifference between $\\mathbb{P}(S_n/n\\le x)$ and its ($n\\to\\infty$) limit. We\nalso show that these bounds vanish like a power law of the form $1/n$ with a\nsubdominant term of the form $1/n^2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free parafermions: The spectrum of the quantum Ising chain can be found by expressing the spins\nin terms of free fermions. An analogous transformation exists for clock chains\nwith $Z_n$ symmetry, but is of less use because the resulting parafermionic\noperators remain interacting. Nonetheless, Baxter showed that a certain\nnon-hermitian (but PT-symmetric) clock Hamiltonian is \"free\", in the sense that\nthe entire spectrum is found in terms of independent energy levels, with the\nstriking feature that there are $n$ possibilities for occupying each level.\nHere I show this directly explicitly finding shift operators obeying a $Z_n$\ngeneralization of the Clifford algebra. I also find higher Hamiltonians that\ncommute with Baxter's and prove their spectrum comes from the same set of\nenergy levels. This thus provides an explicit notion of a \"free parafermion\". A\nbyproduct is an elegant method for the solution of the Ising/Kitaev chain with\nspatially varying couplings.",
        "positive": "Axioms and uniqueness theorem for Tsallis entropy: The Shannon-Khinchin axioms for the ordinary information entropy are\ngeneralized in a natural way to the nonextensive systems based on the concept\nof nonextensive conditional entropy, and a complete proof of the uniqueness\ntheorem for the Tsallis entropy is presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lattice methods for strongly interacting many-body systems: Lattice field theory methods, usually associated with non-perturbative\nstudies of quantum chromodynamics, are becoming increasingly common in the\ncalculation of ground-state and thermal properties of strongly interacting\nnon-relativistic few- and many-body systems, blurring the interfaces between\ncondensed matter, atomic and low-energy nuclear physics. While some of these\ntechniques have been in use in the area of condensed matter physics for a long\ntime, others, such as hybrid Monte Carlo and improved effective actions, have\nonly recently found their way across areas. With this topical review, we aim to\nprovide a modest overview and a status update on a few notable recent\ndevelopments. For the sake of brevity we focus on zero-temperature,\nnon-relativistic problems. After a short introduction, we lay out some general\nconsiderations and proceed to discuss sampling algorithms, observables, and\nsystematic effects. We show selected results on ground- and excited-state\nproperties of fermions in the limit of unitarity. The appendix contains details\non group theory on the lattice.",
        "positive": "Efficient simulated tempering with approximated weights: Applications to\n  first-order phase transitions: Simulated tempering (ST) has attracted a great deal of attention in the last\nyears, due to its capability to allow systems with complex dynamics to escape\nfrom regions separated by large entropic barriers. However its performance is\nstrongly dependent on basic ingredients, such as the choice of the set of\ntemperatures and their associated weights. Since the weight evaluations are not\ntrivial tasks, an alternative approximated approach was proposed by Park and\nPande (Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 76}, 016703 (2007)) to circumvent this difficulty.\nHere we present a detailed study about this procedure by comparing its\nperformance with exact (free-energy) weights and other methods, its dependence\non the total replica number $R$ and on the temperature set. The ideas above are\nanalyzed in four distinct lattice models presenting strong first-order phase\ntransitions, hence constituting ideal examples in which the performance of\nalgorithm is fundamental. In all cases, our results reveal that approximated\nweights work properly in the regime of larger $R$'s. On the other hand, for\nsufficiently small $R$ its performance is reduced and the systems do not cross\nproperly the free-energy barriers. Finally, for estimating reliable temperature\nsets, we consider a simple protocol proposed at Comp. Phys. Comm. {\\bf 128},\n2046 (2014)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The 1+1 dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation: more surprises: In its original version the KPZ equation models the dynamics of an interface\nbordering a stable phase against a metastable one. Over past years the\ncorresponding two-dimensional field theory has been applied to models with\ndifferent physics. Out of a wide choice, the spin-spin time correlations for\nthe Heisenberg chain will be discussed at some length, also the equilibrium\ntime-correlations of the conserved fields for 1D fluids. An interesting recent\ntheoretical advance is the construction of the scale-invariant asymptotic\ntheory, the so-called KPZ fixed point.",
        "positive": "Large deviations of a long-time average in the Ehrenfest Urn Model: Since its inception in 1907, the Ehrenfest urn model (EUM) has served as a\ntest bed of key concepts of statistical mechanics. Here we employ this model to\nstudy large deviations of a time-additive quantity. We consider two\ncontinuous-time versions of the EUM with $K$ urns and $N$ balls: without and\nwith interactions between the balls in the same urn. We evaluate the\nprobability distribution $\\mathcal{P}_T(\\bar{n}= a N)$ that the average number\nof balls in one urn over time $T$, $\\bar{n}$, takes any specified value $aN$,\nwhere $0\\leq a\\leq 1$. For long observation time, $T\\to \\infty$, a\nDonsker-Varadhan large deviation principle holds: $-\\ln \\mathcal{P}_T(\\bar{n}=\na N) \\simeq T I(a,N,K,\\dots)$, where $\\dots$ denote additional parameters of\nthe model. We calculate the rate function $I(a,N,K, \\dots)$ exactly by two\ndifferent methods due to Donsker and Varadhan and compare the exact results\nwith those obtained with a variant of WKB approximation (after Wentzel, Kramers\nand Brillouin). In the absence of interactions the WKB prediction for $I(a,N,K,\n\\dots)$ is exact for any $N$. In the presence of interactions the WKB method\ngives asymptotically exact results for $N\\gg 1$. The WKB method also uncovers\nthe (very simple) time history of the system which dominates the contribution\nof different time histories to $\\mathcal{P}_T(\\bar{n}= a N)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Controversy about the applicability of Tsallis statistics to the HMF\n  model: Comment to \"Nonextensive Thermodynamics and Glassy Behaviour in Hamiltonian\nSystems\" by A. Rapisarda and A. Pluchino, Europhysics News 36, 202 (2005).",
        "positive": "Steady-state thermodynamics for population dynamics in fluctuating\n  environments with side information: Steady-state thermodynamics (SST) is a relatively newly emerging subfield of\nphysics, which deals with transitions between steady states. In this paper, we\nfind an SST-like structure in population dynamics of organisms that can sense\ntheir fluctuating environments. As heat is divided into two parts in SST, we\ndecompose population growth into two parts: housekeeping growth and excess\ngrowth. Then, we derive the Clausius equality and inequality for excess growth.\nUsing numerical simulations, we demonstrate how the Clausius inequality behaves\ndepending on the magnitude of noise and strategies that organisms employ.\nFinally, we discuss the novelty of our findings and compare them with a\nprevious study."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pattern Formation and a Clustering Transition in Power-Law Sequential\n  Adsorption: A new model that describes adsorption and clustering of particles on a\nsurface is introduced. A {\\it clustering} transition is found which separates\nbetween a phase of weakly correlated particle distributions and a phase of\nstrongly correlated distributions in which the particles form localized fractal\nclusters. The order parameter of the transition is identified and the fractal\nnature of both phases is examined. The model is relevant to a large class of\nclustering phenomena such as aggregation and growth on surfaces, population\ndistribution in cities, plant and bacterial colonies as well as gravitational\nclustering.",
        "positive": "Entropy loss in long-distance DNA looping: The entropy loss due to the formation of one or multiple loops in circular\nand linear DNA chains is calculated from a scaling approach in the limit of\nlong chain segments. The analytical results allow to obtain a fast estimate for\nthe entropy loss for a given configuration. Numerical values obtained for some\nexamples suggest that the entropy loss encountered in loop closure in typical\ngenetic switches may become a relevant factor which has to be overcome by the\nreleased bond energy between the looping contact sites."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic storage models and noise-induced phase transitions: The most frequently used in physical application diffusive (based on the\nFokker-Planck equation) model leans upon the assumption of small jumps of a\nmacroscopic variable for each given realization of the stochastic process. This\nimposes restrictions on the description of the phase transition problem where\nthe system is to overcome some finite potential barrier, or systems with finite\nsize where the fluctuations are comparable with the size of a system. We\nsuggest a complementary stochastic description of physical systems based on the\nmathematical stochastic storage model with basic notions of random input and\noutput into a system. It reproduces statistical distributions typical for\nnoise-induced phase transitions (e.g. Verhulst model) for the simplest (up to\nlinear) forms of the escape function. We consider a generalization of the\nstochastic model based on the series development of the kinetic potential. On\nthe contrast to Gaussian processes in which the development in series over a\nsmall parameter characterizing the jump value is assumed [Stratonovich R.L.,\nNonlinear Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics, Springer Series in Synergetics,\nvol.59, Springer Verlag, 1994], we propose a series expansion directly suitable\nfor storage models and introduce the kinetic potential generalizing them.",
        "positive": "Propagating large open quantum systems towards their steady states:\n  cluster implementation of the time-evolving block decimation scheme: Many-body quantum systems are subjected to the Curse of Dimensionality: The\ndimension of the Hilbert space $\\mathcal{H}$, where these systems live in,\ngrows exponentially with systems' 'size' (number of their components,\n\"bodies\"). It means that, in order to specify a state of a quantum system, we\nneed a description whose length grows exponentially with the system size.\nHowever, with some systems it is possible to escape the curse by using low-rank\ntensor approximations known as `matrix-product state/operator (MPS/O)\nrepresentation' in the quantum community and `tensor-train decomposition' among\napplied mathematicians. Motivated by recent advances in computational quantum\nphysics, we consider chains of $N$ spins coupled by nearest-neighbor\ninteractions. The spins are subjected to an action coming from the environment.\nSpatially disordered interaction and environment-induced decoherence drive\nsystems into non-trivial asymptotic states. The dissipative evolution is\nmodeled with a Markovian master equation in the Lindblad form. By implementing\nthe MPO technique and propagating system states with the time-evolving block\ndecimation (TEBD) scheme (which allows to keep the length of the state\ndescriptions fixed), it is in principle possible to reach the corresponding\nsteady states. We propose and realize a cluster implementation of this idea.\nThe implementation on four nodes allowed us to resolve steady states of the\nmodel systems with $N = 128$ spins."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partition Functions for Statistical Mechanics With MicroPartitions and\n  Phase Transitions: The fundamentals of Statistical Mechanics require a fresh definition in the\ncontext of the developments in Classical Mechanics of integrable and chaotic\nsystems. This is done with the introduction of Micro Partitions ; a union of\ndisjoint components in phase space. Partition functions including the\ninvariants, Kolmogorov Entropy and Euler number are introduced. The ergodic\nhypothesis for partial ergodicity is discussed.\n  In the context of Quantum Mechanics the presence of symmetry groups with\nirreducible representations gives rise to degenerate and non degenerate\nspectrum for the Hamiltonian. Quantum Statistical Mechanics is formulated\nincluding these two cases ; by including the multiplicity dimension of the\ngroup representation and the Casimir invariants into the Partition function.\nThe possibility of new kinds of phase transitions is discussed.\n  The occurence of systems with non simply connected configuration spaces and\nQuantum Mechanics for them, also requires a possible generalisation of\nStatistical Mechanics. The developments of Quantum pure, mixed, and entangled\nstates has made it neccessary to understand the Statistical Mechanics of the\nmultipartite N particle system. And to obtain in terms of the density matrices,\nwritten in energy basis, the Trace of the Gibbs operator as the Partition\nfunction and use it to get statistical averages of operators. There are some\nissues of definition, interpretation and application that are discussed.",
        "positive": "Scattering theory of Non-Brownian active particles with social\n  distancing: We consider deterministic self-propelled particles with anti-alignment\ninteractions. An asymptotically exact kinetic theory for particle scattering at\nlow densities is constructed by a non-local closure of the BBGKY-hierarchy,\ninvolving pair correlations. We show that the mean-field assumption of\nmolecular chaos yields unphysical predictions, whereas the scattering theory\nshows excellent agreement with agent-based simulations. To extend the theory to\nhigh densities, a self-consistent mapping to a random-telegraph process is\nperformed. The approach is used to derive a one-particle Langevin-equation and\nleads to analytical expressions for the correlations of its effective noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions in a fluid surface model with a deficit angle term: Nambu-Goto model is investigated by using the canonical Monte Carlo\nsimulation technique on dynamically triangulated surfaces of spherical\ntopology. We find that the model has four distinct phases; crumpled,\nbranched-polymer, linear, and tubular. The linear phase and the tubular phase\nappear to be separated by a first-order transition. It is also found that there\nis no long-range two-dimensional order in the model. In fact, no smooth surface\ncan be seen in the whole region of the curvature modulus \\alpha, which is the\ncoefficient of the deficit angle term in the Hamiltonian. The bending energy,\nwhich is not included in the Hamiltonian, remains large even at sufficiently\nlarge \\alpha in the tubular phase. On the other hand, the surface is\nspontaneously compactified into a one-dimensional smooth curve in the linear\nphase; one of the two degrees of freedom shrinks, and the other degree of\nfreedom remains along the curve. Moreover, we find that the rotational symmetry\nof the model is spontaneously broken in the tubular phase just as in the same\nmodel on the fixed connectivity surfaces.",
        "positive": "Velocity Inversion in Nanochannel Flow: The nanoscale cylindrical Couette flow is investigated by means of molecular\ndynamics simulations, in the case where the inner cylinder is rotating whereas\nthe outer cylinder is at rest. We find that the tangential velocity of the low\nis inverted when the fluid-wall interaction near the outer cylinder is weak and\nthe fluid density is low. The unusual velocity inversion behavior is shown to\nbe strongly related to the degree of the slip between the fluid and the outer\ncylinder, which is determined by the presence or absence of the layering of the\nfluid near the outer wall."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat rectification by two qubits coupled with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya\n  interaction: We investigate heat rectification in a two-qubit system coupled via the\nDzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction. We derive analytical expressions for\nheat currents and thermal rectification and provide possible physical\nmechanisms behind the observed results. We show that the anisotropy of DM\ninteraction in itself is insufficient for heat rectification, and some other\nform of asymmetry is needed. We employ off-resonant qubits as the source of\nthis asymmetry. We find the regime of parameters for higher rectification\nfactors by examining the analytical expressions of rectification obtained from\na global master equation solution. In addition, it is shown that the direction\nand quality of rectification can be controlled via various system parameters.\nFurthermore, we compare the influence of different orientations of the DM field\nanisotropy on the performance of heat rectification. Finally, we investigate\nthe possible interplay between quantum correlations and the performance of the\nquantum thermal rectifier. We find that asymmetry in the coherences is a\nfundamental resource for the performance of the quantum thermal rectifier.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Deformations of Sample Paths of Random Walks and Exclusion\n  Models: This study in centered on models accounting for stochastic deformations of\nsample paths of random walks, embedded either in $\\mathbb{Z}^2$ or in\n$\\mathbb{Z}^3$. These models are immersed in multi-type particle systems with\nexclusion. Starting from examples, we give necessary and sufficient conditions\nfor the underlying Markov processes to be reversible, in which case their\ninvariant measure has a Gibbs form. Letting the size of the sample path\nincrease, we find the convenient scalings bringing to light phase transition\nphenomena. Stable and metastable configurations are bound to time-periods of\nlimiting deterministic trajectories which are solution of nonlinear\ndifferential systems: in the example of the ABC model, a system of\nLotka-Volterra class is obtained, and the periods involve elliptic,\nhyper-elliptic or more general functions. Lastly, we discuss briefly the\ncontour of a general approach allowing to tackle the transient regime via\ndifferential equations of Burgers' type."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Autocorrelation functions in 3D fully frustrated systems: We present a numerical study of autocorrelation functions of a 3D Fully\nFrustrated Ising model (FFIM) simulated by spin-flip Monte Carlo dynamics,\nfinding simple exponential decay for all the temperature above the critical\ntemperature T_c for the autocorrelation of squared magnetization, and stretched\nexponential decay for the energy autocorrelation below a temperature T^* with\nT_c < T^* =< T_p where T_p is the Kasteleyn-Fortuin and Coniglio-Klein\npercolation temperature. The results are compared to those on 2D FFIM to give\ninsight on the relevant mechanism in the onset of stretched exponential\nrelaxation functions.",
        "positive": "Quantum order by disorder in a semiclassical spin ice: We study the S>1 nearest-neighbor Heisenberg model with a ferromagnetic\ninteraction J and a large non-collinear <111> easy-axis anisotropy D on a\npyrochlore lattice. For a finite D>>|J|, the low-energy physics is described by\na < 111 > Ising model with second- and third-neighbor exchange interactions.\nThe extensive degeneracy of the ground state manifold in the infinite\nanisotropic limit is lifted by the transverse quantum fluctuations, and a q=0\nordered state is selected via the quantum order by disorder machanism, through\na first-order phase transition at low temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm based on the reparametrization\n  invariance: We introduce a modification of the well-known Metropolis importance sampling\nalgorithm by using a methodology inspired on the consideration of the\nreparametrization invariance of the microcanonical ensemble. The most important\nfeature of the present proposal is the possibility of performing a suitable\ndescription of microcanonical thermodynamic states during the first-order phase\ntransitions by using this local Monte Carlo algorithm.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Theory of Incompressible Hydrodynamics: The grand potential for open systems describes thermodynamics of fluid flows\nat low Mach numbers. A new system of reduced equations for the grand potential\nand the fluid momentum is derived from the compressible Navier-Stokes\nequations. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are the quasi-stationary\nsolution to the new system. It is argued that the grand canonical ensemble is\nthe unifying concept for the derivation of models and numerical methods for\nincompressible fluids, illustrated here with a simulation of a minimal\nBoltzmann model in a microflow setup."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spontaneous dimensional reduction and novel ground state degeneracy in a\n  simple chain model: Chain molecules play a key role in the polymer field and in living cells. Our\nfocus is on a new homopolymer model of a linear chain molecule subject to an\nattractive self-interaction promoting compactness. We analyze the model using\nsimple analytic arguments complemented by extensive computer simulations. We\nfind several striking results: there is a first order transition from a high\ntemperature random coil phase to a highly unusual low temperature phase; the\nmodular ground states exhibit significant degeneracy; the ground state\nstructures exhibit spontaneous dimensional reduction and have a two-layer\nstructure; and the ground states are assembled from secondary motifs of helices\nand strands connected by tight loops. We discuss the similarities and notable\ndifferences between the ground state structures (we call these PoSSuM -- Planar\nStructures with Secondary Motifs) in the novel phase and protein native state\nstructures.",
        "positive": "The distribution of work performed on a NIS junction: We propose an experimental setup to measure the work performed in a\nnormal-metal/insulator/superconducting (NIS) junction, subjected to a voltage\nchange and in contact with a thermal bath. We compute the performed work and\nargue that the associated heat release can be measured experimentally. Our\nresults are based on an equivalence between the dynamics of the NIS junction\nand that of an assembly of two-level systems subjected to a circularly\npolarised field, for which we can determine the work-characteristic function\nexactly. The average work dissipated by the NIS junction, as well as its\nfluctuations, are determined. From the work characteristic function, we also\ncompute the work probability-distribution and show that it does not have a\nGaussian character. Our results allow for a direct experimental test of the\nCrooks-Tasaki fluctuation relation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solution to the key problem of statistical physics -- calculations of\n  partition function of many-body systems: The key problem of statistical physics standing over one hundred years is how\nto exactly calculate the partition function (or free energy) of many-body\ninteraction systems, which severely hinders application of the theory for\nrealistic systems. Here we present a novel approach that works at least four\norders faster than state-of-the-art algorithms to the problem and can be\napplied to predict thermal properties of large molecules or macroscopic\ncondensed matters via \\emph{ab initio} calculations.The method was demonstrated\nby C$_{60}$ molecules, solid and liquid copper (up to $\\sim 600$GPa), solid\nargon, graphene and silicene on substrate, and the derived internal energy or\npressure is in a good agreement with the results of vast molecular dynamics\nsimulations in a temperature range up to $2500$K, achieving a precision at\nleast one order higher than previous methods. And, for the first time, the\nrealistic isochoric equation of state for solid argon was reproduced directly\nfrom the partition function.",
        "positive": "Density and spin response function of a normal Fermi gas at unitarity: Using Landau theory of Fermi liquids we calculate the dynamic response of\nboth a polarized and unpolarized normal Fermi gas at zero temperature in the\nstrongly interacting regime of large scattering length. We show that at small\nexcitation energies the {\\it in phase} (density) response is enhanced with\nrespect to the ideal gas prediction due to the increased compressibility.\nViceversa, the {\\it out of phase} (spin) response is quenched as a consequence\nof the tendency of the system to pair opposite spins. The long wavelength\nbehavior of the static structure factor is explicitly calculated. The results\nare compared with the predictions in the collisional and superfluid regimes.\nThe emergence of a spin zero sound solution in the unpolarized normal phase is\nexplicitly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Eigenfunction Statistics of Complex Systems: A Common Mathematical\n  Formulation: We derive a common mathematical formulation for the eigenfunction statistics\nof Hermitian operators, represented by a multi-parametric probability density.\nThe system-information in the formulation enters through two parameters only,\nnamely, system size and the complexity parameter, a function of all system\nparameter including size. The behavior is contrary to the eigenvalue statistics\nwhich is sensitive to complexity parameter only and shows a single parametric\nscaling. The existence of a mathematical formulation, of both eigenfunctions\nand eigenvalues, common to a wide range of complex systems indicates the\npossibility of a similar formulation for many physical properties. This also\nsuggests the possibility to classify them in various universality classes\ndefined by complexity parameter.",
        "positive": "Dynamically Driven Renormalization Group Applied to Sandpile Models: The general framework for the renormalization group analysis of\nself-organized critical sandpile models is formulated. The usual real space\nrenormalization scheme for lattice models when applied to nonequilibrium\ndynamical models must be supplemented by feedback relations coming from the\nstationarity conditions. On the basis of these ideas the Dynamically Driven\nRenormalization Group is applied to describe the boundary and bulk critical\nbehavior of sandpile models. A detailed description of the branching nature of\nsandpile avalanches is given in terms of the generating functions of the\nunderlying branching process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strong-coupling-expansion analysis of the false-vacuum decay rate of the\n  lattice phi^4 model in 1+1 dimensions: Strong-coupling expansion is performed for the lattice phi^4 model in 1+1\ndimensions. Because the strong-coupling limit itself is not solvable, we\nemployed numerical calculations so as to set up unperturbed eigensystems.\nRestricting the number of Hilbert-space bases, we performed linked-cluster\nexpansion up to eleventh order. We carried out alternative simulation by means\nof the density-matrix renormalization group. Thereby, we confirmed that our\nseries-expansion data with a convergence-acceleration trick are in good\nagreement with the simulation result. Through the analytic continuation to the\ndomain of negative biquadratic interaction, we obtain the false-vacuum decay\nrate. Contrary to common belief that tunnelling phenomenon lies out of\nperturbative treatments, our series expansion reproduces the instanton-theory\nbehaviour for high potential barrier. For shallow barrier, on the contrary, our\nresult tells that the relaxation is no more described by instanton, but the\ndecay rate acquires notable enhancement.",
        "positive": "Dispersion relations for the time-fractional Cattaneo-Maxwell heat\n  equation: In this paper, after a brief review of the general theory of dispersive waves\nin dissipative media, we present a complete discussion of the dispersion\nrelations for both the ordinary and the time-fractional Cattaneo-Maxwell heat\nequations. Consequently, we provide a complete characterization of the group\nand phase velocities for these two cases, together with some non-trivial\nremarks on the nature of wave dispersion in fractional models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phonon-induced relaxation of a two-state system in solids: We study phonon-induced relaxation of quantum states of a particle (e.g.,\nelectron or proton) in a rigid double-well potential in a solid. Relaxation\nrate due to Raman two-phonon processes have been computed. We show that in a\ntwo-state limit, symmetry arguments allow one to express these rates in terms\nof independently measurable parameters. In general, the two-phonon processes\ndominate relaxation at higher temperature. Due to parity effect in a biased\ntwo-state system, their rate can be controlled by the bias.",
        "positive": "Scaling relations and multicritical phenomena from Functional\n  Renormalization: We investigate multicritical phenomena in O(N)+O(M)-models by means of\nnonperturbative renormalization group equations. This constitutes an elementary\nbuilding block for the study of competing orders in a variety of physical\nsystems. To identify possible multicritical points in phase diagrams with two\nordered phases, we compute the stability of isotropic and decoupled fixed point\nsolutions from scaling potentials of single-field models. We verify the\nvalidity of Aharony's scaling relation within the scale-dependent derivative\nexpansion of the effective average action. We discuss implications for the\nanalysis of multicritical phenomena with truncated flow equations. These\nfindings are an important step towards studies of competing orders and\nmulticritical quantum phase transitions within the framework of Functional\nRenormalization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Phases in the Full Counting Statistics of the Resonant-Level\n  Model: We present a thermodynamic formalism to study the full counting statistics\n(FCS) of charge transport through a quantum dot coupled to two leads in the\nresonant-level model. We show that a close analogue of equilibrium phase\ntransitions exists for the statistics of transferred charge; by tuning an\nappropriate `counting field', crossovers to different dynamical phases are\npossible. Our description reveals a mapping between the FCS of a given device\nand current measurements over a range of devices with different dot-lead\ncoupling strengths. Further insight into features in the FCS is found by\nstudying the occupation of the dot conditioned on the transported charge\nbetween the leads.",
        "positive": "Energy distribution and energy fluctuation in Tsallis statistics: The energy distribution and the energy fluctuation in the Tsallis canonical\nensemble are studied with the OLM formalism but following a new way. The\nresulting formula for the energy fluctuation is not the same as that in\nprevious work [Liu L.Y. and Du J.L., Physica A 387(2008)5417]. In discussing\nthe application of an ideal gas, we find that the energy fluctuation can not be\nnegligible in the thermodynamic limit, showing the ensemble nonequivalence for\nthis case in Tsallis statistics. We investigate the energy fluctuation with a\nTsallis generalized canonical distribution studied by Plastino and Plastino\n[Phys. Lett. A 193(1994)140] for describing a system in contact with a finite\nheath bath. For this situation, the two formulae for the energy fluctuation are\nshown to be equivalent, while the nonextensive parameter q plays a very\nimportant role."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Experimental Measures of Topological Sector Fluctuations in the F-Model: The two dimensional F-model is an ice-rule obeying model, with a low\ntemperature antiferroelectric state and high temperature critical Coulomb\nphase. Polarization in the system is associated with topological defects in the\nform of system-spanning windings which makes it an ideal system on which to\nobserve topological sector fluctuations, as have been discussed in the context\nof spin ice and Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) systems. Here we develop\nLieb and Baxter's historic solutions of the F-model to exactly calculate\nrelevant properties, several apparently for the first time. We further\ncalculate properties not amenable to exact solution by an approximate cavity\nmethod and by referring to established scaling results. Of particular relevance\nto topological sector fluctuations are the exact results for the applied field\npolarization and the \"energetic susceptibility\". The latter is a both a measure\nof topological sector fluctuations and, surprisingly, in this case, a measure\nof the order parameter correlation exponent. In the high temperature phase, the\ntemperature tunes the density of topological defects and algebraic\ncorrelations, with the energetic susceptibility undergoing a jump to zero at\nthe antiferroelectric ordering temperature, analogous to the \"universal jump\"\nin BKT systems. We discuss how these results are relevant to experimental\nsystems, including to spin ice thin films and three-dimensional dipolar spin\nice and water ice, where we find that an analogous \"universal jump\" has\npreviously been established in numerical studies. This unexpected result\nsuggests a universal limit on the stability of perturbed Coulomb phases that is\nindependent of dimension and of the order of the transition. Experimental\nresults on water ice Ih are not inconsistent with this proposition. We complete\nthe paper by relating our results to experimental studies of artificial spin\nice arrays.",
        "positive": "Extracting Hidden Information from Knowledge Networks: We develop a method allowing us to reconstruct individual tastes of customers\nfrom a sparsely connected network of their opinions on products, services, or\neach other. Two distinct phase transitions occur as the density of edges in\nthis network is increased: above the first - macroscopic prediction of tastes\nbecomes possible, while above the second - all unknown opinions can be uniquely\nreconstructed. We illustrate our ideas using a simple Gaussian model, which we\nstudy using both field-theoretical methods and numerical simulations. We point\nout a potential relevance of our approach to the field of bioinformatics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Charge order in an interacting monolayer under transverse bias: A monolayer of molecules or quantum dots sandwiched between electrodes can be\ndriven out of equilibrium by the application of a bias voltage between the\nelectrodes. We study charge ordering, i.e., the spontaneous formation of a\ncharge density wave, and the perpendicular current in such a system within a\nmaster-equation approach augmented by mean-field and classical Monte Carlo\nmethods. Our approach is suitable for weak tunneling between the monolayer and\nthe electrodes. For a square lattice with nearest-neighbor Coulomb repulsion,\nwe present a comprehensive study of the zero-temperature phases controlled by\nthe on-site energy, the bias voltage, and the degeneracy of the occupied\nsingle-site state. One of the most interesting results is the prediction of a\nconducting charge-density-wave phase that only occurs at a finite bias voltage.\nWe also study the universality classes of the phase transitions towards\ncharge-ordered states at zero and nonzero temperatures. While all transitions\nat $T>0$ and some at $T=0$ belong to the two-dimensional Ising universality\nclass, we also find an absorbing-to-active phase transition in the\n$\\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetric directed percolation (DP2) class at $T=0$.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation relations for molecular motors: This review is focused on the application of specific fluctuation relations,\nsuch as the Gallavotti-Cohen relation, to ratchet models of a molecular motor.\nA special emphasis is placed on two-states models such as the flashing ratchet\nmodel. We derive the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation relation for these models and\nwe discuss some of its implications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Small clusters Renormalization Group in 2D and 3D Ising and BEG models\n  with ferro, antiferro and quenched disordered magnetic interactions: The Ising and BEG models critical behavior is analyzed in 2D and 3D by means\nof a renormalization group scheme on small clusters made of a few lattice\ncells. Different kinds of cells are proposed for both ordered and disordered\nmodel cases. In particular, cells preserving a possible antiferromagnetic\nordering under decimation allow for the determination of the N\\'eel critical\npoint and its scaling indices. These also provide more reliable estimates of\nthe Curie fixed point than those obtained using cells preserving only the\nferromagnetic ordering. In all studied dimensions, the present procedure does\nnot yield the strong disorder critical point corresponding to the transition to\nthe spin-glass phase. This limitation is thoroughly analyzed and motivated.",
        "positive": "Transport on randomly evolving trees: The time process of transport on randomly evolving trees is investigated. By\nintroducing the notions of living and dead nodes a model of random tree\nevolution is constructed which describes the spreading in time of objects\ncorresponding to nodes. By using the method of the age-dependent branching\nprocesses we derive the joint distribution function of the number of living and\ndead nodes, and determine the correlation between these node numbers as a\nfunction of time. Also analyzed are the stochastic properties of the end-nodes;\nand the correlation between the numbers of living and dead end-nodes is shown\nto change its character suddenly at the very beginning of the evolution\nprocess. The survival probability of random trees is investigated and\nexpressions are derived for this probability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum critical behavior of itinerant ferromagnets: We investigate the quantum phase transition of itinerant ferromagnets. It is\nshown that correlation effects in the underlying itinerant electron system lead\nto singularities in the order parameter field theory that result in an\neffective long-range interaction between the spin fluctuations. This\ninteraction turns out to be generically {\\em antiferromagnetic} for clean\nsystems. In disordered systems analogous correlation effects lead to even\nstronger singularities. The resulting long-range interaction is, however,\ngenerically ferromagnetic.\n  We discuss two possibilities for the ferromagnetic quantum phase transition.\nIn clean systems, the transition is generically of first order, as is\nexperimentally observed in MnSi. However, under certain conditions the\ntransition may be continuous with non-mean field critical behavior. In\ndisordered systems, one finds a very rich phase diagram showing first order and\ncontinuous phase transitions and several multicritical points.",
        "positive": "Obtaining pressure versus concentration phase diagrams in spin systems\n  from Monte Carlo simulations: We propose an efficient procedure for determining phase diagrams of systems\nthat are described by spin models. It consists of combining cluster algorithms\nwith the method proposed by Sauerwein and de Oliveira where the grand canonical\npotential is obtained directly from the Monte Carlo simulation, without the\nnecessity of performing numerical integrations. The cluster algorithm presented\nin this paper eliminates metastability in first order phase transitions\nallowing us to locate precisely the first-order transitions lines. We also\nproduce a different technique for calculating the thermodynamic limit of\nquantities such as the magnetization whose infinite volume limit is not\nstraightforward in first order phase transitions. As an application, we study\nthe Andelman model for Langmuir monolayers made of chiral molecules that is\nequivalent to the Blume-Emery-Griffiths spin-1 model. We have obtained the\nphase diagrams in the case where the intermolecular forces favor interactions\nbetween enantiomers of the same type (homochiral interactions). In particular,\nwe have determined diagrams in the surface pressure versus concentration plane\nwhich are more relevant from the experimental point of view and less usual in\nnumerical studies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Regulation effects on market with Bak-Sneppen model in high dimensions: We present the effect of regulations on self-organized market by using\nbiological model of Bak-Sneppen in higher dimensions. This study extends the\nidea of Cuniberti et.al. The higher-dimensional description of the market\nsuffices less effect of regulation than that of lower one.",
        "positive": "The Asymptotic Order of the k-SAT Threshold: Form a random k-SAT formula on n variables by selecting uniformly and\nindependently m=rn clauses out of all 2^k (n choose k) possible k-clauses. The\nSatisfiability Threshold Conjecture asserts that for each k there exists a\nconstant r_k such that, as n tends to infinity, the probability that the\nformula is satisfiable tends to 1 if r < r_k and to 0 if r > r_k. It has long\nbeen known that 2^k / k < r_k < 2^k. We prove that r_k > 2^{k-1} \\ln 2 - d_k,\nwhere d_k \\to (1+\\ln 2)/2. Our proof also allows a blurry glimpse of the\n``geometry'' of the set of satisfying truth assignments, and a nearly exact\nlocation of the threshold for Not-All-Equal (NAE) k-SAT."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Particle Number Fluctuations, R\u00e9nyi and Symmetry-resolved\n  Entanglement Entropy in Two-dimensional Fermi Gas from Multi-dimensional\n  Bosonization: In this paper, we revisit the computation of particle number fluctuations and\nthe R\\'{e}nyi entanglement entropy of a two-dimensional Fermi gas using\nmulti-dimensional bosonization. In particular, we compute these quantities for\na circular Fermi surface and a circular entangling surface. Both quantities\ndisplay a logarithmic violation of the area law, and the R\\'{e}nyi entropy\nagrees with the Widom conjecture. Lastly, we compute the symmetry-resolved\nentanglement entropy for the two-dimensional circular Fermi surface and find\nthat, while the total entanglement entropy scales as $R\\log R$, the\nsymmetry-resolved entanglement scales as $\\sqrt{R\\log R}$, where $R$ is the\nradius of the subregion of our interest.",
        "positive": "Quantum many-body scars and non-thermal behaviour in Fredkin spin chains: We study the dynamics and thermalization of the Fredkin spin chain, a system\nwith local three-body interactions, particle conservation and explicit kinetic\nconstraints. We consider deformations away from its stochastic point in order\nto tune between regimes where kinetic energy dominates and those where\npotential energy does. By means of exact diagonalisation, perturbation theory\nand variational matrix product states, we show that the stochastic point is\nwhere a transition occurs between a phase of fast thermalization to one of slow\nmetastable (prethermal) dynamics. This change in relaxation is connected to the\nemergence of additional kinetic constraints which lead to the fragmentation of\nHilbert space in the limit of a large potential energy. We also show that this\ntransition can lead to thermalization being evaded for special initial\nconditions due to non-thermal eigenstates (akin to quantum many-body scars). We\nprovide clear evidence for the existence of these non-thermal states for large\nsystem sizes even when far from the large-potential-energy limit, and explain\ntheir connection to the emergent kinetic constraints."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ionization energy based Fermi-Dirac statistics: Quantitative differences of Lagrange multipliers between standard Fermi-Dirac\nstatistics (FDS) and Ionization energy ($E_I$) based FDS (iFDS) are analyzed in\ndetail. It is shown here that iFDS is degenerate and its total energy remains\nthe same with the standard FDS. The total energy can be obtained by recasting\nthe $E_I$ in quantized form, as required by the restrictive condition.",
        "positive": "Blume-Capel model on cylindrical Ising nanowire with core/shell\n  structure: Existence of a dynamic compensation temperatures: We present a study, within a mean-field approach, of the kinetics of the\nspin-1 Blume-Capel model on cylindrical Ising nanowire in the presence of a\ntime-dependent oscillating external magnetic field. We employ the Glauber\ntransition rates to construct the mean-field dynamical equations. We\ninvestigate the thermal behavior of the dynamic order parameters. From these\nstudies, we obtain the dynamic phase transition (DPT) points. Then, we study\nthe temperature dependence of the dynamic total magnetization to find the\ndynamic compensation points as well as to determine the type of behavior. We\nalso investigate the effect of a crystal-field interaction and the exchange\ncouplings between the nearest-neighbor pairs of spins on the compensation\nphenomenon and construct the phase diagrams in four different planes. The\ndynamic phase diagrams contain paramagnetic (P), ferromagnetic (F), the\nantiferromagnetic (AF), and two coexistence or mixed phase regions, namely, the\nF + P and AF + P that strongly depend on interaction parameters. The system\nalso exhibits the compensation temperatures, or the N-, P-, Q-, S- type\nbehaviors. Furthermore, we also observed two compensation temperatures, namely\nW-type behaviors, which this result is compared with some experimental works\nand a good overall agreement is found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Approximate optimization, sampling and spin-glass droplets discovery\n  with tensor networks: We devise a deterministic algorithm to efficiently sample high-quality\nsolutions of certain spin-glass systems that encode hard optimization problems.\nWe employ tensor networks to represent the Gibbs distribution of all possible\nconfigurations. Using approximate tensor-network contractions, we are able to\nefficiently map the low-energy spectrum of some quasi-two-dimensional\nHamiltonians. We exploit the local nature of the problems to compute spin-glass\ndroplets geometries, which provides a new form of compression of the low-energy\nspectrum. It naturally extends to sampling, which otherwise, for exact\ncontraction, is $\\#$P-complete. In particular, for one of the hardest known\nproblem-classes devised on chimera graphs known as deceptive cluster loops and\nfor up to $2048$ spins, we find on the order of $10^{10}$ degenerate ground\nstates in a single run of our algorithm, computing better solutions than have\nbeen reported on some hard instances. Our gradient-free approach could provide\nnew insight into the structure of disordered spin-glass complexes, with\nramifications both for machine learning and noisy intermediate-scale quantum\ndevices.",
        "positive": "Diamagnetism versus Paramagnetism in charged spin-1 Bose gases: It has been suggested that either diamagnetism or paramagnetism of Bose\ngases, due to the charge or spin degrees of freedom respectively, appears\nsolely to be extraordinarily strong. We investigate magnetic properties of\ncharged spin-1 Bose gases in external magnetic field, focusing on the\ncompetition between the diamagnetism and paramagnetism, using the Lande-factor\n$g$ of particles to evaluate the strength of paramagnetic effect. We propose\nthat a gas with $g<{1/\\sqrt{8}}$ exhibits diamagnetism at all temperatures,\nwhile a gas with $g>{1/2}$ always exhibits paramagnetism. Moreover, a gas with\nthe Lande-factor in between shows a shift from paramagnetism to diamagnetism as\nthe temperature decreases. The paramagnetic and diamagnetic contributions to\nthe total magnetization density are also calculated in order to demonstrate\nsome details of the competition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Internal energy and condensate fraction of a trapped interacting Bose\n  gas: We present a semiclassical two-fluid model for an interacting Bose gas\nconfined in an anisotropic harmonic trap and solve it in the experimentally\nrelevant region for a spin-polarized gas of Rb-87 atoms, obtaining the\ntemperature dependence of the internal energy and of the condensate fraction.\nOur results are in agreement with recent experimental observations by Ensher et\nal.",
        "positive": "Correlations in multithermostat Brownian systems with Lorentz force: We study the motion of a Brownian particle subjected to Lorentz force due to\nan external magnetic field. Each spatial degree of freedom of the particle is\ncoupled to a different thermostat. We show that the magnetic field results in\ncorrelation between different velocity components in the stationary state.\nIntegrating the velocity autocorrelation matrix, we obtain the diffusion matrix\nthat enters the Fokker-Planck equation for the probability density. The\neigenvectors of the diffusion matrix do not align with the temperature axes. As\na consequence the Brownian particle performs spatially correlated diffusion. We\nfurther show that in the presence of an isotropic confining potential, an\nunusual, flux-free steady state emerges which is characterized by a\nnon-Boltzmann density distribution, which can be rotated by reversing the\nmagnetic field. The nontrivial steady state properties of our system result\nfrom the Lorentz force induced coupling of the spatial degrees of freedom which\ncease to exist in equilibrium corresponding to a single-temperature system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Continuous Gated First-Passage Processes: Gated first-passage processes, where completion depends on both hitting a\ntarget and satisfying additional constraints, are prevalent across various\nfields. Despite their significance, analytical solutions to basic problems\nremain unknown, e.g. the detection time of a diffusing particle by a gated\ninterval, disk, or sphere. In this paper, we elucidate the challenges posed by\ncontinuous gated first-passage processes and present a renewal framework to\novercome them. This framework offers a unified approach for a wide range of\nproblems, including those with single-point, half-line, and interval targets.\nThe latter have so far evaded exact solutions. Our analysis reveals that\nsolutions to gated problems can be obtained directly from the ungated dynamics.\nThis, in turn, reveals universal properties and asymptotic behaviors, shedding\nlight on cryptic intermediate-time regimes and refining the notion of\nhigh-crypticity for continuous-space gated processes. Moreover, we extend our\nformalism to higher dimensions, showcasing its versatility and applicability.\nOverall, this work provides valuable insights into the dynamics of continuous\ngated first-passage processes and offers analytical tools for studying them\nacross diverse domains.",
        "positive": "Coexistence Curve Singularities at Critical End Points: We report an extensive Monte Carlo study of critical end point behaviour in a\nsymmetrical binary fluid mixture. On the basis of general scaling arguments,\nsingular behaviour is predicted in the diameter of the liquid-gas coexistence\ncurve as the critical end point is approached. The simulation results show\nclear evidence for this singularity, as well as confirming a previously\npredicted singularity in the coexistence chemical potential. Both singularities\nshould be detectable experimentally."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Average Atom Model based on Quantum Hyper-Netted Chain Method: The study shows how to define \"exactly\" the average ion charge $Z_{\\rm I}$ in\nthe electron-ion model for plasmas and liquid metals: this definition comes out\nof the condition that a plasma consisting of electrons and nuclei can be\ndescribed by the electron-ion model. Based on this definition of the average\nion charge, the Quantum Hyper-Netted Chain (QHNC) method takes account of the\nresonant-state contribution to the bound electrons to form an ion. On the other\nhand, Blenski and coworkers have derived a formula to determine the electron\ndensity $n_0$ in a plasma as an electron-ion mixture by using the variational\nmethod with help of the local density approximation. Without use of any\napproximation, we derived the formula determining the electron density in an\nextended form on the basis of the DF theory. This formula is shown to be valid\nalso for the QHNC method.",
        "positive": "Internal energy fluctuations of a granular gas under steady uniform\n  shear flow: The stochastic properties of the total internal energy of a dilute granular\ngas in the steady uniform shear flow state are investigated. A recent theory\nformulated for fluctuations about the homogeneous cooling state is extended by\nanalogy with molecular systems. The theoretical predictions are compared with\nmolecular dynamics simulation results. Good agreement is found in the limit of\nweak inelasticity, while systematic and relevant discrepancies are observed\nwhen the inelasticity increases. The origin of this behavior is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics as a nonequilibrium path integral: Thermodynamics is a well developed tool to study systems in equilibrium but\nno such general framework is available for non-equilibrium processes. Only hope\nfor a quantitative description is to fall back upon the equilibrium language as\noften done in biology. This gap is bridged by the work theorem. By using this\ntheorem we show that the Barkhausen-type non-equilibrium noise in a process,\nrepeated many times, can be combined to construct a special matrix ${\\cal S}$\nwhose principal eigenvector provides the equilibrium distribution. For an\ninteracting system ${\\cal S}$, and hence the equilibrium distribution, can be\nobtained from the free case without any requirement of equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Universal anomalous fluctuations in charged single-file systems: Introducing a general class of one-dimensional single-file systems (meaning\nthat particle crossings are prohibited) of interacting hardcore particles with\ninternal degrees of freedom (called charge), we exhibit a novel type of\ndynamical universality reflected in anomalous statistical properties of\nmacroscopic fluctuating observables such as charge transfer. We find that\nstringent dynamical constraints lead to universal anomalous statistics of\ncumulative charge currents manifested both on the timescale characteristic of\ntypical fluctuations and also in the rate function describing rare events. By\ncomputing the full counting statistics of net transferred charge between two\nextended subsystems, we establish a number of unorthodox dynamical properties\nin an analytic fashion. Most prominently, typical fluctuations in equilibrium\nare governed by a universal distribution that markedly deviates from the\nexpected Gaussian statistics, whereas large fluctuations are described by an\nexotic large-deviation rate function featuring an exceptional triple critical\npoint. Far from equilibrium, competition between dynamical phases leads to\ndynamical phase transitions of first and second order and spontaneous breaking\nof fluctuation symmetry of the univariate charge large-deviation function. The\nrich phenomenology of the outlined dynamical universality is exemplified on an\nexactly solvable classical cellular automaton of charged hardcore particles. We\ndetermine the dynamical phase diagram in the framework of Lee-Yang's theory of\nphase transitions and exhibit a hyper-dimensional diagram of distinct dynamical\nregimes. Our findings lead us to conclude that the conventional classification\nof dynamical universality classes based on the algebraic dynamical exponents\nand asymptotic scaling functions that characterize hydrodynamic relaxation of\nthe dynamical structure factor is incomplete and calls for refinement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The TQ equation of the 8 vertex model for complex elliptic roots of\n  unity: We extend our studies of the TQ equation introduced by Baxter in his 1972\nsolution of the 8 vertex model with parameter $\\eta$ given by\n$2L\\eta=2m_1K+im_2K'$ from $m_2=0$ to the more general case of complex $\\eta.$\nWe find that there are several different cases depending on the parity of $m_1$\nand $m_2$.",
        "positive": "Energy exchanges in a damped Langevin-like system with two thermal baths\n  and an athermal reservoir: We study a Langevin-like model which describes an inertial particle in a\none-dimensional harmonic potential and subjected to two heat baths and one\nathermal environment. The thermal noises are white and Gaussian, and the\ntemperatures of heat reservoirs are different. The athermal medium act through\nan external non-Gaussian noise of Poisson type. We calculate exactly the\ntime-dependent cumulant-generating function of position and velocity of the\nparticle, as well as an expression of this generating function for stationary\nstates. We discuss the long-time behavior of first cumulants of the energy\ninjected by the athermal reservoir and the heat exchanged with thermal baths.\nIn particular, we find that the covariance of stochastic heat due to distinct\nthermal baths exhibits a complex dependence on properties of athermal noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Macroscopic Degeneracy and order in the 3d plaquette Ising model: The purely plaquette 3d Ising Hamiltonian with the spins living at the\nvertices of a cubic lattice displays several interesting features. The\nsymmetries of the model lead to a macroscopic degeneracy of the low-temperature\nphase and prevent the definition of a standard magnetic order parameter.\nConsideration of the strongly anisotropic limit of the model suggests that a\nlayered, \"fuki-nuke\" order still exists and we confirm this with multicanonical\nsimulations. The macroscopic degeneracy of the low-temperature phase also\nchanges the finite-size scaling corrections at the first-order transition in\nthe model and we see this must be taken into account when analysing our\nmeasurements.",
        "positive": "Understanding glass-like Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equilibration times:\n  microcanonical effective temperatures in quenched 3D martensites: We do Monte Carlo simulations of four 3D structural transitions, with\nvector-spin models of their martensitic strain domains under quenches to $T$,\nto test a generic post-quench Partial Equilibration Scenario (PES) of Ritort.\nWe indeed confirm that energy-lowering passages between fixed-energy shells\ninduce a signature PES distribution of an exponential tail in heat releases,\nscaled in an effective search temperature. A linear vanishing of this\n$T_{eff}(T)\\sim T_d -T$ at a temperature $T_d$ where PES passage-searches\nfreeze, explains the Vogel-Fulcher like divergence of equilibration times $\ne^{1/ T_{eff} (T)}\\sim e^{1/(T_d -T)}$, extracted from incubation-time delays\nof simulations and martensitic alloys."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Disappearance of the hexatic phase in a binary mixture of hard disks: Recent studies of melting in hard disks have confirmed the existence of a\nhexatic phase occurring in a narrow window of density which is separated from\nthe isotropic liquid phase by a first-order transition, and from the solid\nphase by a continuous transition. However, little is known concerning the\nmelting scenario in mixtures of hard disks. Here we employ specialized Monte\nCarlo simulations to elucidate the phase behavior of a system of large ($l$)\nand small ($s$) disks with diameter ratio $\\sigma_l/\\sigma_s=1.4$. We find that\nas small disks are added to a system of large ones, the stability window of the\nhexatic phase shrinks progressively until the line of continuous transitions\nterminates at an end point beyond which melting becomes a first-order\nliquid-solid transition. This occurs at surprisingly low concentrations of the\nsmall disks, $c\\lesssim 1\\%$, emphasizing the fragility of the hexatic phase.\nWe speculate that the change to the melting scenario is a consequence of strong\nfractionation effects, the nature of which we elucidate.",
        "positive": "Evidence for \"fragile\" glass-forming behavior in the relaxation of\n  Coulomb frustrated three-dimensional systems: We show by means of a Monte Carlo simulation study that three-dimensional\nmodels with long-range frustration display the generic phenomena seen in\nfragile glassforming liquids. Due to their properties (absence of quenched\ndisorder, physical motivation in terms of structural frustration, and tunable\nfragility), these systems appear as promising minimal theoretical models for\ndescribing the glass transition of supercooled liquids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The topological hypothesis for discrete spin models: The topological hypothesis claims that phase transitions in a classical\nstatistical mechanical system are related to changes in the topology of the\nlevel sets of the Hamiltonian. So far, the study of this hypothesis has been\nrestricted to continuous systems. The purpose of this article is to explore\ndiscrete models from this point of view. More precisely, we show that some form\nof the topological hypothesis holds for a wide class of discrete models, and\nthat its strongest version is valid for the Ising model on $\\mathbb{Z}^d$ with\nthe possible exception of dimensions $d=3,4$.",
        "positive": "Geometry-controlled kinetics: It has long been appreciated that transport properties can control reaction\nkinetics. This effect can be characterized by the time it takes a diffusing\nmolecule to reach a target -- the first-passage time (FPT). Although essential\nto quantify the kinetics of reactions on all time scales, determining the FPT\ndistribution was deemed so far intractable. Here, we calculate analytically\nthis FPT distribution and show that transport processes as various as regular\ndiffusion, anomalous diffusion, diffusion in disordered media and in fractals\nfall into the same universality classes. Beyond this theoretical aspect, this\nresult changes the views on standard reaction kinetics. More precisely, we\nargue that geometry can become a key parameter so far ignored in this context,\nand introduce the concept of \"geometry-controlled kinetics\". These findings\ncould help understand the crucial role of spatial organization of genes in\ntranscription kinetics, and more generally the impact of geometry on\ndiffusion-limited reactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement entropy with localized and extended interface defects: The quantum Ising chain of length, L, which is separated into two parts by\nlocalized or extended defects is considered at the critical point where scaling\nof the interface magnetization is non-universal. We measure the entanglement\nentropy between the two halves of the system in equilibrium, as well as after a\nquench, when the interaction at the interface is changed for time t>0. For the\nlocalized defect the increase of the entropy with log(L) or with log(t)\ninvolves the same effective central charge, which is a continuous function of\nthe strength of the defect. On the contrary for the extended defect the\nequilibrium entropy is saturated, but the non-equilibrium entropy has a\nlogarithmic time-dependence the prefactor of which depends on the strength of\nthe defect.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics without ergodicity: We show that fundamental thermodynamic relations can be derived from\ndeterministic mechanics for a non-ergodic system. This extend a similar\nderivation for ergodic systems and suggests that ergodicity should not be\nconsidered as a requirement for a system to exhibit a thermodynamic behavior.\nOur analysis emphasizes the role of adiabatic invariants in deterministic\ndescription and strengthens the link between mechanics and thermodynamics. In\nparticular, we argue that macroscopic thermodynamic behavior of a system is\ncaused by the existence of different time scales in its deterministic\nmicroscopic evolution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Crossover in Supercritical Core-Softened Fluids: It is well known that some liquids can demonstrate anomalous behavior.\nInterestingly, this be- havior can be qualitatively reproduced with simple\ncore-softened isotropic pair-potential systems. Although anomalous properties\nof liquids usually take place at low and moderate temperatures it was recently\nrecognized that many important phenomena can appear in supercritical fuids.\nHowever, no studies of supercritical behavior of core-softened fuids is\nreported. This paper reports a study of dynamical crossover in supercritical\ncore-softened systems. The crossover line is calculated from three different\ncriteria and good agreement between them is observed. It is found that the\nbehavior of the dynamical crossover line of core-softened systems is quite\ncomplex due to its quasi-binary nature.",
        "positive": "Real-time broadening of bath-induced density profiles from closed-system\n  correlation functions: The Lindblad master equation is one of the main approaches to open quantum\nsystems. While it has been widely applied in the context of condensed matter\nsystems to study properties of steady states in the limit of long times, the\nactual route to such steady states has attracted less attention yet. Here, we\ninvestigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of spin chains with a local coupling to\na single Lindblad bath and analyze the transport properties of the induced\nmagnetization. Combining typicality and equilibration arguments with stochastic\nunraveling, we unveil for the case of weak driving that the dynamics in the\nopen system can be constructed on the basis of correlation functions in the\nclosed system, which establishes a connection between the Lindblad approach and\nlinear response theory at finite times. In this way, we provide a particular\nexample where closed and open approaches to quantum transport agree strictly.\nWe demonstrate this fact numerically for the spin-1/2 XXZ chain at the\nisotropic point and in the easy-axis regime, where superdiffusive and diffusive\nscaling is observed, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective forces in square well and square shoulder fluids: We derive an analytical expression for the effective force between a pair of\nmacrospheres immersed in a sea of microspheres, in the case where the\ninteraction between the two unlike species is assumed to be a square well or a\nsquare shoulder of given range and depth (or height). This formula extends a\nsimilar one developed in the case of hard core interactions only. Qualitative\nfeatures of such effective force and the resulting phase diagram are then\nanalyzed in the limit of no interaction between the small particles.\nApproximate force profiles are then obtained by means of integral equation\ntheories (PY and HNC) combined with the superposition approximation and\ncompared with exact ones from direct Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "A Statistical Mechanical Approach to Combinatorial Chemistry: An analogy between combinatorial chemistry and Monte Carlo computer\nsimulation is pursued. Examples of how to design libraries for both materials\ndiscovery and protein molecular evolution are given. For materials discovery,\nthe concept of library redesign, or the use previous experiments to guide the\ndesign of new experiments, is introduced. For molecular evolution, examples of\nhow to use ``biased'' Monte Carlo to search the protein sequence space are\ngiven. Chemical information, whether intuition, theoretical calculations, or\ndatabase statistics, can be naturally incorporated as an a priori bias in the\nMonte Carlo approach to library design in combinatorial chemistry. In this\nsense, combinatorial chemistry can be viewed as an extension of traditional\nchemical synthesis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The vibrational dynamics of vitreous silica: Classical force fields vs.\n  first-principles: We compare the vibrational properties of model SiO_2 glasses generated by\nmolecular-dynamics simulations using the effective force field of van Beest et\nal. (BKS) with those obtained when the BKS structure is relaxed using an ab\ninitio calculation in the framework of the density functional theory. We find\nthat this relaxation significantly improves the agreement of the density of\nstates with the experimental result. For frequencies between 14 and 26 THz the\nnature of the vibrational modes as determined from the BKS model is very\ndifferent from the one from the ab initio calculation, showing that the\ninterpretation of the vibrational spectra in terms of calculations using\neffective potentials can be very misleading.",
        "positive": "Tempered fractional Brownian motion on finite intervals: Diffusive transport in many complex systems features a crossover between\nanomalous diffusion at short times and normal diffusion at long times. This\nbehavior can be mathematically modeled by cutting off (tempering) beyond a\nmesoscopic correlation time the power-law correlations between the increments\nof fractional Brownian motion. Here, we investigate such tempered fractional\nBrownian motion confined to a finite interval by reflecting walls.\nSpecifically, we explore how the tempering of the long-time correlations\naffects the strong accumulation and depletion of particles near reflecting\nboundaries recently discovered for untempered fractional Brownian motion. We\nfind that exponential tempering introduces a characteristic size for the\naccumulation and depletion zones but does not affect the functional form of the\nprobability density close to the wall. In contrast, power-law tempering leads\nto more complex behavior that differs between the superdiffusive and\nsubdiffusive cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Frustrated Ising model on the Cairo pentagonal lattice: Through the direct decoration transformation approach, we obtain a general\nsolution for the pentagonal Ising model, showing its equivalence to the\nisotropic free-fermion eight-vertex model. We study the ground-state phase\ndiagram, in which one ferromagnetic (FM) state, one ferrimagnetic (FIM) state,\nand one frustrated state are found. Using the exact solution of the pentagonal\nIsing model, we discuss the finite-temperature phase diagrams and find a phase\ntransition between the FIM state and the disordered state as well as a phase\ntransition between the disordered state and the FM state. We also discuss some\nadditional remarkable properties of the model, such as the magnetization,\nentropy, and specific heat, at finite temperature and at its low-temperature\nasymptotic limit. Because of the influence of the second-order phase transition\nbetween the frustrated and ferromagnetic phases, we obtain surprisingly low\nvalues of the entropy and the specific heat until the critical temperature is\nreached.",
        "positive": "Active Brownian Motion in Threshold Distribution of a Coulomb Blockade\n  Model: Randomly-distributed offset charges affect the nonlinear current-voltage\nproperty via the fluctuation of the threshold voltage of Coulomb blockade\narrays. We analytically derive the distribution of the threshold voltage for a\nmodel of one-dimensional locally-coupled Coulomb blockade arrays, and propose a\ngeneral relationship between conductance and the distribution. In addition, we\nshow the distribution for a long array is equivalent to the distribution of the\nnumber of upward steps for aligned objects of different height. The\ndistribution satisfies a novel Fokker-Planck equation corresponding to active\nBrownian motion. The feature of the distribution is clarified by comparing it\nwith the Wigner and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. It is not restricted to the\nCoulomb blockade model, but instructive in statistical physics generally."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Real-Space Renormalization Group Study of Effects of Anisotropy on S=1\n  Random Antiferromagnetic Chain: We investigate S=1 antiferromagnetic quantum spin chain, whose exchange\ncouplings are strongly disordered. By the real-space renomalization group\nmethod, introduced by Ma, Dasgupta, and Hu, the renormalization group flows are\nanalyzed numerically in a plain of the anisotoropy of the exchange coupling vs.\nthe staggered magnetic field. As the result, the Heisenberg point, which has a\nzero average of the exchange coupling anisotropy, is specified as the unstable\nfixed point against the anisotropy.",
        "positive": "Leapover lengths and first passage time statistics for L\u00e9vy flights: Exact results for the first passage time and leapover statistics of symmetric\nand one-sided Levy flights (LFs) are derived. LFs with stable index alpha are\nshown to have leapover lengths, that are asymptotically power-law distributed\nwith index alpha for one-sided LFs and, surprisingly, with index alpha/2 for\nsymmetric LFs. The first passage time distribution scales like a power-law with\nindex 1/2 as required by the Sparre Andersen theorem for symmetric LFs, whereas\none-sided LFs have a narrow distribution of first passage times. The exact\nanalytic results are confirmed by extensive simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Electromagnetic instability of the Thomson Problem: The classical Thomson problem of $n$ charged particles confined to the\nsurface of a sphere of radius $a$ is analyzed within the Darwin approximation\nof electrodynamics. For $n<n_c(a)$ the ground state corresponds to a hexagonal\nWigner crystal with a number of topological defects. However, if $n>n_c(a)$ the\nWigner lattice is unstable with respect to small perturbations and the ground\nstate becomes spontaneously magnetized for finite $n$.",
        "positive": "Work Relation and the Second Law of Thermodynamics in Nonequilibrium\n  Steady States: We extend Jarzynski's work relation and the second law of thermodynamics to a\nheat conducting system which is operated by an external agent. These extensions\ncontain a new non equilibrium contribution expressed as the violation of the\n(linear) response relation caused by the operation. We find that a natural\nextension of the minimum work principle involves information about the\ntime-reversed operation, and is far from straightforward. Our work relation may\nbe tested experimentally especially when the temperature gradient is small."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic transformations of nonequilibrium states: We consider a macroscopic system in contact with boundary reservoirs and/or\nunder the action of an external field. We discuss the case in which the\nexternal forcing depends explicitly on time and drives the system from a\nnonequilibrium state to another one. In this case the amount of energy\ndissipated along the transformation becomes infinite when an unbounded time\nwindow is considered. Following the general proposal by Oono and Paniconi and\nusing results of the macroscopic fluctuation theory, we give a natural\ndefinition of a renormalized work. We then discuss its thermodynamic relevance\nby showing that it satisfies a Clausius inequality and that quasi static\ntransformations minimize the renormalized work. In addition, we connect the\nrenormalized work to the quasi potential describing the fluctuations in the\nstationary nonequilibrium ensemble. The latter result provides a\ncharacterization of the quasi potential that does not involve rare\nfluctuations.",
        "positive": "Ground state fidelity from tensor network representations: For any D-dimensional quantum lattice system, the fidelity between two ground\nstate many-body wave functions is mapped onto the partition function of a\nD-dimensional classical statistical vertex lattice model with the same lattice\ngeometry. The fidelity per lattice site, analogous to the free energy per site,\nis well-defined in the thermodynamic limit and can be used to characterize the\nphase diagram of the model. We explain how to compute the fidelity per site in\nthe context of tensor network algorithms, and demonstrate the approach by\nanalyzing the two-dimensional quantum Ising model with transverse and parallel\nmagnetic fields."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inter-particle ratchet effect determines global current of heterogeneous\n  particles diffusing in confinement: In a model of $N$ volume-excluding spheres in a $d$-dimensional tube, we\nconsider how differences between particles in their drift velocities,\ndiffusivities, and sizes influence the steady state distribution and axial\nparticle current. We show that the model is exactly solvable when the\ngeometrical constraints prevent any particle from overtaking every other -- a\nnotion we term quasi-one-dimensionality. Then, due to a ratchet effect, the\ncurrent is biased towards the velocities of the least diffusive particles. We\nconsider special cases of this model in one dimension, and derive the exact\njoint gap distribution for driven tracers in a passive bath. We describe the\nrelationship between phase space structure and irreversible drift that makes\nthe quasi-one-dimensional supposition key to the model's solvability.",
        "positive": "Correlation between entropy and generalizability in a neural network: Although neural networks can solve very complex machine-learning problems,\nthe theoretical reason for their generalizability is still not fully\nunderstood. Here we use Wang-Landau Mote Carlo algorithm to calculate the\nentropy (logarithm of the volume of a part of the parameter space) at a given\ntest accuracy, and a given training loss function value or training accuracy.\nOur results show that entropical forces help generalizability. Although our\nstudy is on a very simple application of neural networks (a spiral dataset and\na small, fully-connected neural network), our approach should be useful in\nexplaining the generalizability of more complicated neural networks in future\nworks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kurtosis of height fluctuations in $(1+1)$ dimensional KPZ Dynamics: We study the fourth order normalized cumulant of height fluctuations governed\nby $1+1$ dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation for a growing surface.\nFollowing a diagrammatic renormalization scheme, we evaluate the kurtosis $Q$\nfrom the connected diagrams leading to the value $Q=0.1523$ in the large-scale\nlong-time limit.",
        "positive": "Fundamental Asymmetry in Quenches Between Integrable and Nonintegrable\n  Systems: We study quantum quenches between integrable and nonintegrable hard-core\nboson models in the thermodynamic limit with numerical linked cluster\nexpansions. We show that while quenches in which the initial state is a thermal\nequilibrium state of an integrable model and the final Hamiltonian is\nnonintegrable (quantum chaotic) lead to thermalization, the reverse is not\ntrue. While this might appear counterintuitive given the fact that the\neigenstates of both Hamiltonians are related by a unitary transformation, we\nargue that it is generic. Hence, the lack of thermalization of integrable\nsystems is robust against quenches starting from stationary states of\nnonintegrable ones. Nonintegrable systems thermalize independently of the\nnature of the initial Hamiltonian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Iron melting curve with a tricritical point: Solidification as a first order phase transition is described in the Landau\ntheory by the same equation as tricritical phenomena. Here, the solidification\nor melting temperature against pressure curve is modelled to end at a\ntricritical point. The model gives the phase transition temperature's\ndependence on pressure up to the quadratic term with a definite expression for\nthe coefficients. This formula is expected to be generally valid for pure\nmaterials having melting curves with dT/dP approaching zero at very high P.\nExcellent experimental agreement is obtained for iron, the material having the\nmost high pressure data which rather accurately determines the value of the\ncoefficient defining the curvature. The geophysically interesting iron\nsolidification temperatures at the Earth's core pressures are obtained. In\naddition, the general formulae for entropy change, latent heat and volume\ncontraction in solidification are found and calculated for iron as functions of\npressure and temperature.",
        "positive": "Contribution of One-Time Pair Correlation Function to Kinetic Phenomena\n  in Nonequilibrium Gas: It has been established in nineteen seventies that in nonequilibrium case the\npair collisions generate non-zero two-particle correlations which are\nnon-diagonal in momentum space and give the essential contribution to the\ncurrent fluctuations of hot electrons. It is shown here that this correlations\ngive also a contribution to the collision integral, i.e., to kinetic properties\nof nonequilibrium gas. The expression for electron energy loss rate P via\nphonons is re-derived in detail from this point of view. The contribution of\nthe non-diagonal part of the nonequilibrium pair correlator to phonon-electron\ncollision integral and to P is obtained and explicitly calculated in the\nelectron temperature approximation. It is shown that these results can be\nobtained from stochastic non-linear kinetic equation with Langevin fluctuation\nforce. Such an approach allows to formulate the simple general conditions under\nthat a contribution of two-particle correlations might be essential in\nkinetics. The contribution obtained does not contain the extra powers of small\ngas parameter unlike the equilibrium virial decompositions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Decay of a superfluid currents in a moving system of strongly\n  interacting bosons: We analyze the stability and decay of supercurrents of strongly interacting\nbosons on optical lattices. At the mean field level, the system undergoes an\nirreversible dynamic phase transition, whereby the current decays beyond a\ncritical phase gradient that depends on the interaction strength. At\ncommensurate filling the transition line smoothly interpolates between the\nclassical modulational instability of weakly interacting bosons and the\nequilibrium Mott transition at zero current. Below the mean field instability,\nthe current can decay due to quantum and thermal phase slips. We derive\nasymptotic expressions of the decay rate near the critical current. In a three\ndimensional optical lattice this leads to very weak broadening of the\ntransition. In one and two dimensions the broadening leads to significant\ncurrent decay well below the mean field critical current. We show that the\ntemperature scale below which quantum phase slips dominate the decay of\nsupercurrents, is easily within experimental reach.",
        "positive": "Generalized Mittag-Leffler functions in the theory of finite-size\n  scaling for systems with strong anisotropy and/or long-range interaction: The difficulties arising in the investigation of finite-size scaling in\n$d$--dimensional O(n) systems with strong anisotropy and/or long-range\ninteraction, decaying with the interparticle distance $r$ as $r^{-d-\\sigma}$\n($0<\\sigma\\leq2$), are discussed. Some integral representations aiming at the\nsimplification of the investigations are presented for the classical and\nquantum lattice sums that take place in the theory. Special attention is paid\nto a more general form allowing to treat both cases on an equal footing and in\naddition cases with strong anisotropic interactions and different geometries.\nThe analysis is simplified further by expressing this general form in terms of\na generalization of the Mittag-Leffler special functions. This turned out to be\nvery useful for the extraction of asymptotic finite-size behaviours of the\nthermodynamic functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Phase transition for quenched coupled replicas in a\n  plaquette spin model of glasses'\": This is a comment on the recent letter by Jack and Garrahan on \"Phase\ntransition for quenched coupled replicas in a plaquette spin model of glasses\".",
        "positive": "The rich behavior of the Boltzmann equation for dissipative gases: Within the framework of the homogeneous non-linear Boltzmann equation, we\npresent a new analytic method, without the intrinsic limitations of existing\nmethods, for obtaining asymptotic solutions. This method permits extension of\nexisting results for Maxwell molecules and hard spheres to large classes of\nparticle interactions, from very hard spheres to softer than Maxwell molecules,\nas well as to more general forcing mechanisms, beyond free cooling and white\nnoise driving. By combining this method with numerical solutions, obtained from\nthe Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, we study a broad class of\nmodels relevant for the dynamics of dissipative fluids, including granular\ngases. We establish a criterion connecting the stability of the non-equilibrium\nsteady state to an exponentially bound form for the velocity distribution $F$,\nwhich varies depending on the forcing mechanism. Power laws arise in marginal\nstability cases, of which several new cases are reported. Our results provide a\nminimal framework for interpreting large classes of experiments on driven\ngranular gases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Periodic States, Local Effects and Coexistence in the BML Traffic Jam\n  Model: The Biham-Middleton-Levine model (BML) is simple lattice model of traffic\nflow, self-organization and jamming. Rather than a sharp phase transition\nbetween free-flow and jammed, it was recently shown that there is a region\nwhere stable intermediate states exist, with details dependent on the aspect\nratio of the underlying lattice. Here we investigate square aspect ratios,\nfocusing on the region where random, disordered intermediate (DI) states and\nconventional global jam (GJ) states coexist, and show that DI states dominate\nfor some densities and timescales. Moreover, we show that periodic intermediate\n(PI) states can also coexist. PI states converge to periodic limit cycles with\nshort recurrence times and were previously conjectured to arise from\nidiosyncrasies of relatively prime aspect ratios. The observed coexistence of\nDI, PI and GJ states shows that global parameters, density together with aspect\nratio, are not sufficient to determine the full jamming outcome. We investigate\nadditional features that lead towards jamming and show that a strategic\nperturbation of a few selected bits can change the nature of the flow,\nnucleating a global jam.",
        "positive": "Effects of diffusion in competitive contact processes on bipartite\n  lattices: We investigate the influence of particle diffusion in the two-dimension\ncontact process (CP) with a competitive dynamics in bipartite sublattices,\nproposed in [Phys. Rev. E 84, 011125 (2011)]. The particle creation depends on\nits first and second neighbors and the extinction increases according to the\nlocal density. In contrast to the standard CP model, mean-field theory and\nnumerical simulations predict three stable phases: inactive (absorbing), active\nsymmetric and active asymmetric, signed by distinct sublattice particle\noccupations. Our results from MFT and Monte Carlo simulations reveal that low\ndiffusion rates do not destroy sublattice ordering, ensuring the maintenance of\nthe asymmetric phase. On the other hand, for diffusion larger than a threshold\nvalue Dc, the sublattice ordering is suppressed and only the usual active\n(symmetric)-inactive transition is presented. We also show the critical\nbehavior and universality classes are not affected by the diffusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Significance of log-periodic precursors to financial crashes: We clarify the status of log-periodicity associated with speculative bubbles\npreceding financial crashes. In particular, we address Feigenbaum's [2001]\ncriticism and show how it can be rebuked. Feigenbaum's main result is as\nfollows: ``the hypothesis that the log-periodic component is present in the\ndata cannot be rejected at the 95% confidence level when using all the data\nprior to the 1987 crash; however, it can be rejected by removing the last year\nof data.'' (e.g., by removing 15% of the data closest to the critical point).\nWe stress that it is naive to analyze a critical point phenomenon, i.e., a\npower law divergence, reliably by removing the most important part of the data\nclosest to the critical point. We also present the history of log-periodicity\nin the present context explaining its essential features and why it may be\nimportant. We offer an extension of the rational expectation bubble model for\ngeneral and arbitrary risk-aversion within the general stochastic discount\nfactor theory. We suggest guidelines for using log-periodicity and explain how\nto develop and interpret statistical tests of log-periodicity. We discuss the\nissue of prediction based on our results and the evidence of outliers in the\ndistribution of drawdowns. New statistical tests demonstrate that the 1% to 10%\nquantile of the largest events of the population of drawdowns of the Nasdaq\ncomposite index and of the Dow Jones Industrial Average index belong to a\ndistribution significantly different from the rest of the population. This\nsuggests that very large drawdowns result from an amplification mechanism that\nmay make them more predictable than smaller market moves.",
        "positive": "From Vicious Walkers to TASEP: We propose a model of semi-vicious walkers, which interpolates between the\ntotally asymmetric simple exclusion process and the vicious walkers model,\nhaving the two as limiting cases. For this model we calculate the asymptotics\nof the survival probability for $m$ particles and obtain a scaling function,\nwhich describes the transition from one limiting case to another. Then, we use\na fluctuation-dissipation relation allowing us to reinterpret the result as the\nparticle current generating function in the totally asymmetric simple exclusion\nprocess. Thus we obtain the particle current distribution asymptotically in the\nlarge time limit as the number of particles is fixed. The results apply to the\nlarge deviation scale as well as to the diffusive scale. In the latter we\nobtain a new universal distribution, which has a skew non-Gaussian form. For\n$m$ particles its asymptotic behavior is shown to be\n$e^{-\\frac{y^{2}}{2m^{2}}}$ as $y\\to -\\infty $ and\n$e^{-\\frac{y^{2}}{2m}}y^{-\\frac{m(m-1)}{2}}$ as $y\\to \\infty $."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Phases of Long Range 1-D Bose-Hubbard Model: Field Theoretic and\n  DMRG Study at Different Densities: We use Abelian Bosonization and density matrix renormalization group method\nto study the effect of density on quantum phases of long range 1-D Bose-Hubbard\nmodel. We predict the existence of supersolid phase and also other quantum\nphases for this system. We have analyzed the role of long range interaction\nparameter on solitonic phase near half filling. We discuss the effect of\ndimerization in nearest neighbor hopping and interaction terms on the plateau\nphase at the half filling.",
        "positive": "An accurate reaction-diffusion limit to the spherical-symmetric\n  Boltzmann equation: We resolve a long standing question regarding the suitable effective\ndiffusion coefficient of the spherically-symmetric transport equation, which is\nvalid at long times. To that end, we generalize a transport solution in three\ndimensions for homogeneous media, to include general collisional properties,\nincluding birth-death events and linearly anisotropic scattering. This is done\nby introducing an exact scaling law relating the Green function of the\npure-scattering case with the general collision case, which is verified using\ndeterministic and Monte-Carlo simulations. Importantly, the effective diffusion\ncoefficient is identified by inspecting the transport solution at long times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological Field Theory far from Equilibrium: The observable properties of topological quantum matter are often described\nby topological field theories. We here demonstrate that this principle extends\nbeyond thermal equilibrium. To this end, we construct a model of\ntwo-dimensional driven open dynamics with a Chern insulator steady state.\nWithin a Keldysh field theory approach, we show that under mild assumptions -\nparticle number conservation and purity of the stationary state - an abelian\nChern-Simons theory describes its response to external perturbations. As a\ncorollary, we predict chiral edge modes stabilized by a dissipative bulk.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of Phase Separation under Shear: A Soluble Model: The dynamics of phase separation for a binary fluid subjected to a uniform\nshear are solved exactly for a model in which the order parameter is\ngeneralized to an n-component vector and the large-n limit taken.\nCharacteristic length scales in directions parallel and perpendicular to the\nflow increase as (t^5/\\ln t)^{1/4} and (t/\\ln t)^{1/4} respectively. The\nstructure factor in the shear-flow plane exhibits two parallel ridges as\nobserved in experiment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Statistical Physics - A New Approach: The new scheme employed (throughout the thermodynamic phase space), in the\nstatistical thermodynamic investigation of classical systems, is extended to\nquantum systems. Quantum Nearest Neighbor Probability Density Functions are\nformulated (in a manner analogous to the classical case) to provide a new\nquantum approach for describing structure at the microscopic level, as well as\ncharacterize the thermodynamic properties of material systems. A major point of\nthis paper is that it relates the free energy of an assembly of interacting\nparticles to Quantum Nearest Neighbor Probability Density Functions. Also. the\nmethods of this paper reduces to a great extent, the degree of difficulty of\nthe original equilibrium quantum statistical thermodynamic problem without\ncompromising the accuracy of results. Application to the simple case of dilute,\nweakly degenerate gases has been outlined.",
        "positive": "Failure properties of loaded fiber bundles having a lower cutoff in\n  fiber threshold distribution: Presence of lower cutoff in fiber threshold distribution may affect the\nfailure properties of a bundle of fibers subjected to external load. We\ninvestigate this possibility both in a equal load sharing (ELS) fiber bundle\nmodel and in local load sharing (LLS) one. We show analytically that in ELS\nmodel, the critical strength gets modified due to the presence of lower cutoff\nand it becomes bounded by an upper limit. Although the dynamic exponents for\nthe susceptibility and relaxation time remain unchanged, the avalanche size\ndistribution shows a permanent deviation from the mean-fiels power law. In the\nLLS model, we analytically estimate the upper limit of the lower cutoff above\nwhich the bundle fails at one instant. Also the system size variation of\nbundle's strength and the avalanche statistics show strong dependence on the\nlower cutoff level."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Clustering properties of a generalised critical Euclidean network: Many real-world networks exhibit scale-free feature, have a small diameter\nand a high clustering tendency. We have studied the properties of a growing\nnetwork, which has all these features, in which an incoming node is connected\nto its $i$th predecessor of degree $k_i$ with a link of length $\\ell$ using a\nprobability proportional to $k^\\beta_i \\ell^{\\alpha}$. For $\\alpha > -0.5$, the\nnetwork is scale free at $\\beta = 1$ with the degree distribution $P(k) \\propto\nk^{-\\gamma}$ and $\\gamma = 3.0$ as in the Barab\\'asi-Albert model ($\\alpha =0,\n\\beta =1$). We find a phase boundary in the $\\alpha-\\beta$ plane along which\nthe network is scale-free. Interestingly, we find scale-free behaviour even for\n$\\beta > 1$ for $\\alpha < -0.5$ where the existence of a new universality class\nis indicated from the behaviour of the degree distribution and the clustering\ncoefficients. The network has a small diameter in the entire scale-free region.\nThe clustering coefficients emulate the behaviour of most real networks for\nincreasing negative values of $\\alpha$ on the phase boundary.",
        "positive": "Variational Formulation for the KPZ and Related Kinetic Equations: We present a variational formulation for the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ)\nequation that leads to a thermodynamic-like potential for the KPZ as well as\nfor other related kinetic equations. For the KPZ case, with the knowledge of\nsuch a potential we prove some global shift invariance properties previously\nconjectured by other authors. We also show a few results about the form of the\nstationary probability distribution function for arbitrary dimensions. The\nprocedure used for KPZ was extended in order to derive more general forms of\nsuch a functional leading to other nonlinear kinetic equations, as well as\ncases with density dependent surface tension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic Phase Transition in 2D Ising Systems: Effect of Anisotropy and\n  Defects: We investigate the dynamic phase transition in two-dimensional Ising models\nwhose equilibrium characteristics are influenced by either anisotropic\ninteractions or quenched defects. The presence of anisotropy reduces the\ndynamical critical temperature, leading to the expected result that the\ncritical temperature approaches zero in the full-anisotropy limit. We show that\na comprehensive understanding of the dynamic behavior of systems with quenched\ndefects requires a generalized definition of the dynamic order parameter. By\ndoing so, we demonstrate that the inclusion of quenched defects lowers the\ndynamic critical temperature as well, with a linear trend across the range of\ndefect fractions considered. We also explore if and how it is possible to\npredict the dynamic behavior of specific magnetic systems with quenched\nrandomness. Various geometric quantities, such as a defect potential index, the\ndefect dipole moment, and the properties of the defect Delaunay triangulation,\nprove useful for this purpose.",
        "positive": "Stochastic actions for diffusive dynamics: Reweighting, sampling, and\n  minimization: In numerical studies of diffusive dynamics, two different action functionals\nare often used to specify the probability distribution of trajectories, one of\nwhich requiring the evaluation of the second derivative of the potential in\naddition to the force. Here it is argued that both actions are equivalent\nprescriptions for the purposes of reweighting and sampling trajectories,\nwhereas the most probable path is more generally given by the global minimum of\nthe action involving the second derivative term. The answer to this apparent\nparadox lies in the non-differentiable character of Brownian paths, as well as\nin the \"entropy\" associated with a given trajectory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Generic Microscopic Theory for the Universality of TTLS Model\n  Meissner-Berret Ratio in Low-Temperature Glasses: Tunneling-two-level-system (TTLS) model has successfully explained several\nlow-temperature glass universal properties which do not exist in their\ncrystalline counterparts. The coupling constants between longitudinal and\ntransverse phonon strain fields and two-level-systems are denoted as $\\gamma_l$\nand $\\gamma_t$. The ratio $\\gamma_l/\\gamma_t$ was observed to lie between\n$1.44$ and $1.84$ for 18 different kinds of glasses. Such universal property\ncannot be explained within TTLS model. In this paper by developing a\nmicroscopic generic coupled block model, we show that the ratio\n$\\gamma_l/\\gamma_t$ is proportinal to the ratio of sound velocity $c_l/c_t$. We\nprove that the universality of $\\gamma_l/\\gamma_t$ essentially comes from the\nmutual interaction between different glass blocks, independent of the\nmicroscopic structure and chemical compound of the amorphous materials. In the\nappendix we also give a detailed correction on the coefficient of non-elastic\nstress-stress interaction $\\Lambda_{ijkl}^{(ss')}$ which was obtained by\nJoffrin and Levelut\\cite{Joffrin1976}.",
        "positive": "Spinon bases in supersymmetric CFTs: We present a novel way to organise the finite size spectra of a class of\nconformal field theories (CFT) with $\\mathcal{N}=2$ or (non-linear)\n$\\mathcal{N}=4$ superconformal symmetry. Generalising the spinon basis of the\n$SU(n)_1$ WZW theories, we introduce supersymmetric spinons $(\\phi^-,\n\\phi^{+})$, which form a representation of the supersymmetry algebra. In each\ncase, we show how to construct a multi-spinon basis of the chiral CFT spectra.\nThe multi-spinon states are labelled by a collection $\\{ n_j \\}$ of (discrete)\nmomenta. The state-content for given choice of $\\{ n_j \\}$ is determined\nthrough a generalised exclusion principle, similar to Haldane's `motif' rules\nfor the $SU(n)_1$ theories. In the simplest case, which is the ${\\cal N}=2$\nsuperconformal theory with central charge $c=1$, we develop an algebraic\nframework similar to the Yangian symmetry of the $SU(2)_1$ theory. It includes\nan operator $H_2$, akin to a CFT Haldane-Shastry Hamiltonian, which is\ndiagonalised by multi-spinon states. In all cases studied, we obtain finite\npartition sums by capping the spinon-momenta to some finite value. For the\n$\\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal CFTs, this finitisation precisely leads to the\nso-called M$_k$ supersymmetric lattice models with characteristic order-$k$\nexclusion rules on the lattice. Finitising the $c=2$ CFT with non-linear ${\\cal\nN}=4$ superconformal symmetry similarly gives lattice model partition sums for\nspin-full fermions with on-site and nearest neighbour exclusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rotational transport via spontaneous symmetry breaking in vibrated disk\n  packings: It is shown that vibrated packings of frictional disks self-organize\ncooperatively onto a rotational-transport state where the long-time angular\nvelocity $\\bar\\omega_i$ of each disk $i$ is nonzero. Steady rotation is\nmediated by the spontaneous breaking of local reflection symmetry, arising when\nthe cages in which disks are constrained by their neighbors acquire quenched\ndisorder at large packing densities. Experiments and numerical simulation of\nthis unexpected phenomenon show excellent agreement with each other, revealing\ntwo rotational phases as a function of excitation intensity, respectively the\nlow-drive (LDR) and the moderate-drive (MDR) regimes. In the LDR, interdisk\ncontacts are persistent and rotation happens due to frictional sliding. In the\nMDR, disks bounce against each other, still forming a solid phase. In the LDR,\nsimple energy-dissipation arguments are provided, that support the observed\ndependence of the typical rotational velocity on excitation strength.",
        "positive": "Rigidity in Solids: We address the question of whether solids may be distinguished from fluids by\ntheir response to shear stress"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective Potential, Mori Product and Quantum Dynamics: We present a method that permits the calculation of the dynamical correlation\nfunctions for quantum systems. These are obtained by evaluating the generating\nfunctionals of the static moments of the relaxation functions in a\nself-consistent approximation that can be obtained by an appropriate extension\nof the effective potential theory.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic properties of an integrable quantum spin ladder with\n  boundary impurities: An integrable quantum spin ladder based on the SU(4) symmetry algebra with\nboundary defects is studied in the framework of boundary integrability. Five\nnontrivial solutions of the reflection equations lead to different boundary\nimpurities. In each case the energy spectrum is determined using the quantum\ninverse scattering method. The thermodynamic properties are investigated by\nmeans of the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz. In particular, the susceptibility and\nthe magnetization of the model in the vicinity of the critical points are\nderived along with differing magnetic properites for antiferromagnetic and\nferromagnetic impurity couplings at the edges. The results are applicable to\nthe strong coupling ladder compounds, such as Cu_2(C_5 H_12 N_2)_2 Cl_4."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random walks on weighted networks: Random walks constitute a fundamental mechanism for a large set of dynamics\ntaking place on networks. In this article, we study random walks on weighted\nnetworks with an arbitrary degree distribution, where the weight of an edge\nbetween two nodes has a tunable parameter. By using the spectral graph theory,\nwe derive analytical expressions for the stationary distribution, mean\nfirst-passage time (MFPT), average trapping time (ATT), and lower bound of the\nATT, which is defined as the average MFPT to a given node over every starting\npoint chosen from the stationary distribution. All these results depend on the\nweight parameter, indicating a significant role of network weights on random\nwalks. For the case of uncorrelated networks, we provide explicit formulas for\nthe stationary distribution as well as ATT. Particularly, for uncorrelated\nscale-free networks, when the target is placed on a node with the highest\ndegree, we show that ATT can display various scalings of network size,\ndepending also on the same parameter. Our findings could pave a way to\ndelicately controlling random-walk dynamics on complex networks.",
        "positive": "The localization regime in a nutshell: High diffusion-sensitizing magnetic field gradients have been more and more\noften applied nowadays to achieve a better characterization of the\nmicrostructure. As the resulting spin-echo signal significantly deviates from\nthe conventional Gaussian form, various models have been employed to interpret\nthese deviations and to relate them with the microstructural properties of a\nsample. In this paper, we argue that the non-Gaussian behavior of the signal is\na generic universal feature of the Bloch-Torrey equation. We provide a simple\nyet rigorous description of the localization regime emerging at high extended\ngradients and identify its origin as a symmetry breaking at the reflecting\nboundary. We compare the consequent non-Gaussian signal decay to other\ndiffusion NMR regimes such as slow-diffusion, motional-narrowing and\ndiffusion-diffraction regimes. We emphasize limitations of conventional\nperturbative techniques and advocate for non-perturbative approaches which may\npave a way to new imaging modalities in this field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Neutral evolution of model proteins: diffusion in sequence space and\n  overdispersion: We simulate the evolution of model protein sequences subject to mutations. A\nmutation is considered neutral if it conserves 1) the structure of the ground\nstate, 2) its thermodynamic stability and 3) its kinetic accessibility. All\nother mutations are considered lethal and are rejected. We adopt a lattice\nmodel, amenable to a reliable solution of the protein folding problem. We prove\nthe existence of extended neutral networks in sequence space -- sequences can\nevolve until their similarity with the starting point is almost the same as for\nrandom sequences. Furthermore, we find that the rate of neutral mutations has a\nbroad distribution in sequence space. Due to this fact, the substitution\nprocess is overdispersed (the ratio between variance and mean is larger than\none). This result is in contrast with the simplest model of neutral evolution,\nwhich assumes a Poisson process for substitutions, and in qualitative agreement\nwith biological data.",
        "positive": "Random walks and diameter of finite scale-free networks: Dynamical scalings for the end-to-end distance $R_{ee}$ and the number of\ndistinct visited nodes $N_v$ of random walks (RWs) on finite scale-free\nnetworks (SFNs) are studied numerically. $\\left< R_{ee} \\right>$ shows the\ndynamical scaling behavior $\\left<R_{ee}({\\bar \\ell},t)\\right>=\n\\bar{\\ell}^\\alpha (\\gamma, N) g(t/\\bar{\\ell}^z)$, where $\\bar{\\ell}$ is the\naverage minimum distance between all possible pairs of nodes in the network,\n$N$ is the number of nodes, $\\gamma$ is the degree exponent of the SFN and $t$\nis the step number of RWs. Especially, $\\left<R_{ee}({\\bar \\ell},t)\\right>$ in\nthe limit $t \\to \\infty$ satisfies the relation $\\left< R_{ee} \\right> \\sim\n\\bar{\\ell}^\\alpha \\sim d^\\alpha$, where $d$ is the diameter of network with $d\n({\\bar \\ell}) \\simeq \\ln N$ for $\\gamma \\ge 3$ or $d ({\\bar \\ell}) \\simeq \\ln\n\\ln N$ for $\\gamma < 3$. Based on the scaling relation $\\left< R_{ee} \\right>$,\nwe also find that the scaling behavior of the diameter of networks can be\nmeasured very efficiently by using RWs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Attractive forces between circular polyions of the same charge: We study two models of ringlike polyions which are two-dimensional versions\nof simple models for colloidal particles (model A) and for rodlike segments of\nDNA (model B), both in solution with counterions. The counterions may\ncondensate on Z sites of the polyions, and we suppose the number of condensed\ncounterions on each polyion n to be fixed. The exact free energy of a pair of\npolyions is calculated for not too large values of Z, and for both models we\nfind that attractive forces appear between the rings even when the condensed\ncounterions do not neutralize the total charge of the polyions. This force is\ndue to correlations between the condensed counterions and in general becomes\nsmaller as the temperature is increased. For model A a divergent force may\nappear as the separation between the rings vanishes, and this makes an\nanalytical study possible for this model and for vanishing separation, showing\na universal behavior in this limit. Attractive forces are found for model A if\nthe valence of the counterions is larger than one. For model B, no such\ndivergences are present, and attractive forces are found for a finite range of\nvalues of the couterion valence, which depends of Z, n, and the temperature.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of quantum coherences at strong coupling to a heat bath: The standard approach for path integral Monte Carlo simulations of open\nquantum systems is extended as an efficient tool to monitor the time evolution\nof coherences (off-diagonal elements of the reduced density matrix) also for\nstrong coupling to environments. Specific simulations are performed for two\nlevel systems embedded in Ohmic and sub-Ohmic reservoirs in the domains of\ncoherent and incoherent dynamics of the polarization. In the latter regime, the\nnotorious difficulty to access the long time regime is overcome by combining\nsimulations on moderate time scales with iteratively calculated initial\ndensities. This allows to extract relaxation rates for sub-Ohmic environments\nat finite temperatures and over a broad range of couplings and to compare them\nto analytical predictions. The time evolution of the von Neumann entropy\nprovides insight into the quantum phase transition at thermal equilibrium from\na delocalized to a localized state at zero temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lagrangian formulation of turbulent premixed combustion: The Lagrangian point of view is adopted to study turbulent premixed\ncombustion. The evolution of the volume fraction of combustion products is\nestablished by the Reynolds transport theorem. It emerges that the burned-mass\nfraction is led by the turbulent particle motion, by the flame front velocity,\nand by the mean curvature of the flame front. A physical requirement connecting\nparticle turbulent dispersion and flame front velocity is obtained from\nequating the expansion rates of the flame front progression and of the unburned\nparticles spread. The resulting description compares favorably with\nexperimental data. In the case of a zero-curvature flame, with a non-Markovian\nparabolic model for turbulent dispersion, the formulation yields the Zimont\nequation extended to all elapsed times and fully determined by turbulence\ncharacteristics. The exact solution of the extended Zimont equation is\ncalculated and analyzed to bring out different regimes.",
        "positive": "The world according to Renyi: Thermodynamics of multifractal systems: We discuss basic statistical properties of systems with multifractal\nstructure. This is possible by extending the notion of the usual Gibbs--Shannon\nentropy into more general framework - Renyi's information entropy. We address\nthe renormalization issue for Renyi's entropy on (multi)fractal sets and\nconsequently show how Renyi's parameter is connected with multifractal\nsingularity spectrum. The maximal entropy approach then provides a passage\nbetween Renyi's information entropy and thermodynamics on multifractals.\nImportant issues as, for instance, Renyi's entropy versus\nTsallis--Havrda--Charvat entropy and PDF reconstruction theorem are also\nstudied. Finally, some further speculations on a possible relevance of our\napproach to cosmology are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions on heterogeneous random graphs: some case studies: The focus of this thesis is about statistical mechanics on heterogeneous\nrandom graphs, i.e. how this heterogeneity affects the cooperative behavior of\nmodel systems. It is not intended as a review on it, rather it is showed how\nthis question emerges naturally and can give useful insights to specific\ninstances. The first chapter is about the statistical mechanics of congestion\nin queuing networks. The second is devoted to the study of the glassy dynamics\nof facilitated spin models on disordered structures. In the third chapter, the\npresence of inverse phase transitions in tri-critical spin systems on\nheterogeneous random graphs is pointed out. Finally, the last chapter is on the\nrole of volatility in the evolution of social networks. In the conclusions, a\ngeneral insight about the interplay between structure and dynamics on\nheterogeneous random graphs is given. It is based on the different scaling of\nthe transition point with the moments of the degree distribution for continuous\nand discontinuous transitions, respectively.",
        "positive": "Active-to-absorbing state phase transition in the presence of\n  fluctuating environments: Weak and strong dynamic scaling: We investigate the scaling properties of phase transitions between survival\nand extinction (active-to-absorbing state phase transition, AAPT) in a model,\nthat by itself belongs to the directed percolation (DP) universality class,\ninteracting with a spatio-temporally fluctuating environment having its own\nnon-trivial dynamics. We model the environment by (i) a randomly stirred fluid,\ngoverned by the Navier-Stokes (NS) equation, and (ii) a fluctuating surface,\ndescribed either by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) or the Edward-Wilkinson (EW)\nequations. We show, by using a one-loop perturbative field theoretic set up,\nthat depending upon the spatial scaling of the variance of the external forces\nthat drive the environment (i.e., the NS, KPZ or EW equations), the system may\nshow {\\em weak} or {\\em strong dynamic scaling} at the critical point of active\nto absorbing state phase transitions. In the former case AAPT displays scaling\nbelonging to the DP universality class, whereas in the latter case the\nuniversal behavior is different."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Broken space-time symmetries and mechanisms of rectification of ac\n  fields by nonlinear (non)adiabatic response: We consider low-dimensional dynamical systems exposed to a heat bath and to\nadditional ac fields. The presence of these ac fields may lead to a breaking of\ncertain spatial or temporal symmetries which in turn cause nonzero averages of\nrelevant observables. Nonlinear (non)adiabatic response is employed to explain\nthe effect. We consider a case of a particle in a periodic potential as an\nexample and discuss the relevant symmetry breakings and the mechanisms of\nrectification of the current in such a system.",
        "positive": "Biconical critical dynamics: A complete two loop renormalization group calculation of the multicritical\ndynamics at a tetracritical or bicritical point in anisotropic antiferromagnets\nin an external magnetic field is performed. Although strong scaling for the two\norder parameters (OPs) perpendicular and parallel to the field is restored as\nfound earlier, in the experimentally accessible region the effective dynamical\nexponents for the relaxation of the OPs remain different since their equal\nasymptotic values are not reached."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transverse Field Ising Model Under Hyperbolic Deformation: Ground state of the one-dimensional transverse field Ising model is\ninvestigated under the hyperbolic deformation, where the energy scale of j-th\nbond is proportional to the function \\cosh ( j \\lambda ) that contains a\nparameter \\lambda. Although the Hamiltonian is position dependent, the ground\nstate is nearly uniform and finitely correlated. We observe the energy cross\nover between the ordered and disordered state with respect to the transverse\nfield. The model shows first order phase transition, and the discontinuities in\nthe magnetization and entanglement entropy at the transition point detect the\nIsing universality.",
        "positive": "Percolation critical exponents in cluster kinetics of pulse-coupled\n  oscillators: Transient dynamics leading to the synchrony of pulse-coupled oscillators has\npreviously been studied as an aggregation process of synchronous clusters, and\na rate equation for the cluster size distribution has been proposed. However,\nthe evolution of the cluster size distribution for general cluster sizes has\nnot been solved yet. In this paper, we study the evolution of the cluster size\ndistribution from the perspective of a percolation model by regarding the\nnumber of aggregations as the number of attached bonds. Specifically, we derive\nthe scaling form of the cluster size distribution with specific values of the\ncritical exponents using the property that the characteristic cluster size\ndiverges as the percolation threshold is approached from below. Through\nsimulation, it is confirmed that the scaling form well explains the evolution\nof the cluster size distribution. Based on the distribution behavior, we find\nthat a giant cluster of all oscillators is formed discontinuously at the\nthreshold and also that further aggregation does not occur like in a\none-dimensional bond percolation model. Finally, we discuss the origin of the\ndiscontinuous formation of the giant cluster from the perspective of global\nsuppression in explosive percolation models. For this, we approximate the\naggregation process as a cluster--cluster aggregation with a given collision\nkernel. We believe that the theoretical approach presented in this paper can be\nused to understand the transient dynamics of a broad range of synchronizations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ballistic, diffusive, and localized transport in surface-disordered\n  systems: Two-mode waveguide: This paper presents an analytical study of the coexistence of different\ntransport regimes in quasi-one-dimensional surface-disordered waveguides (or\nelectron conductors). To elucidate main features of surface scattering, the\ncase of two open modes (channels) is considered in great detail. Main attention\nis paid to the transmission in dependence on various parameters of the model\nwith two types of rough-surface profiles (symmetric and antisymmetric). It is\nshown that depending on the symmetry, basic mechanisms of scattering can be\neither enhanced or suppressed. As a consequence, different transport regimes\ncan be realized. Specifically, in the waveguide with symmetric rough\nboundaries, there are ballistic, localized and coexistence transport regimes.\nIn the waveguide with antisymmetric roughness of lateral walls, another regime\nof the diffusive transport can arise. Our study allows to reveal the role of\nthe so-called square-gradient scattering which is typically neglected in\nliterature, however, can give a strong impact to the transmission.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of condensation in zero-range processes: The dynamics of a class of zero-range processes exhibiting a condensation\ntransition in the stationary state is studied. The system evolves in time\nstarting from a random disordered initial condition. The analytical study of\nthe large-time behaviour of the system in its mean-field geometry provides a\nguide for the numerical study of the one-dimensional version of the model. Most\nqualitative features of the mean-field case are still present in the\none-dimensional system, both in the condensed phase and at criticality. In\nparticular the scaling analysis, valid for the mean-field system at large time\nand for large values of the site occupancy, still holds in one dimension. The\ndynamical exponent $z$, characteristic of the growth of the condensate, is\nchanged from its mean-field value 2 to 3. In presence of a bias, the mean-field\nvalue $z=2$ is recovered. The dynamical exponent $z_c$, characteristic of the\ngrowth of critical fluctuations, is changed from its mean-field value 2 to a\nlarger value, $z_c\\simeq 5$. In presence of a bias, $z_c\\simeq 3$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation transition and ensemble inequivalence in the Discrete\n  Nonlinear Schr\u00f6dinger Equation: The thermodynamics of the discrete nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger equation in the\nvicinity of infinite temperature is explicitly solved in the microcanonical\nensemble by means of large-deviation techniques. A first-order phase transition\nbetween a thermalized phase and a condensed (localized) one occurs at the\ninfinite-temperature line. Inequivalence between statistical ensembles\ncharacterizes the condensed phase, where the grand-canonical representation\ndoes not apply. The control over finite size corrections of the microcanonical\npartition function allows to design an experimental test of delocalized\nnegative-temperature states in lattices of cold atoms.",
        "positive": "Peculiar spectral statistics of ensembles of trees and star-like graphs: In this paper we investigate the eigenvalue statistics of exponentially\nweighted ensembles of full binary trees and $p$-branching star graphs. We show\nthat spectral densities of corresponding adjacency matrices demonstrate\npeculiar ultrametric structure inherent to sparse systems. In particular, the\ntails of the distribution for binary trees share the \"Lifshitz singularity\"\nemerging in the one-dimensional localization, while the spectral statistics of\n$p$-branching star-like graphs is less universal, being strongly dependent on\n$p$. The hierarchical structure of spectra of adjacency matrices is interpreted\nas sets of resonance frequencies, that emerge in ensembles of fully branched\ntree-like systems, known as dendrimers. However, the relaxational spectrum is\nnot determined by the cluster topology, but has rather the number-theoretic\norigin, reflecting the peculiarities of the rare-event statistics typical for\none-dimensional systems with a quenched structural disorder. The similarity of\nspectral densities of an individual dendrimer and of ensemble of linear chains\nwith exponential distribution in lengths, demonstrates that dendrimers could be\nserved as simple disorder-less toy models of one-dimensional systems with\nquenched disorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A dynamical characterization of the small world phase: Small-world (SW) networks have been identified in many different fields.\nTopological coefficients like the clustering coefficient and the characteristic\npath length have been used in the past for a qualitative characterization of\nthese networks. Here a dynamical approach is used to characterize the\nsmall-world phenomenon. Using the $\\beta -$model, a coupled map dynamical\nsystem is defined on the network. Entrance to and exit from the SW phase are\nrelated to the behavior of the ergodic invariants of the dynamics.",
        "positive": "Theory of degenerate Bose gas without anomalous averages: Theory of a weakly non-ideal Bose gas in the canonical ensemble is developed\nwithout assumption of the C-number representation of the creation and\nannihilation operators with zero momentum. It is shown that the pole of the\n\"density-density\" Green's function exactly coincides with the Bogolybov's\nphonon-roton spectrum of excitations. At the same time, a gap exists in the\none-particle excitation spectrum . This gap is related to the density of\nparticles in the \"condensate\"."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exchange Driven Growth: We study a class of growth processes in which clusters evolve via exchange of\nparticles. We show that depending on the rate of exchange there are three\npossibilities: I) Growth: Clusters grow indefinitely; II) Gelation: All mass is\ntransformed into an infinite gel in a finite time; and III) Instant Gelation.\nIn regimes I and II, the cluster size distribution attains a self-similar form.\nThe large size tail of the scaling distribution is Phi(x) ~ exp(-x^{2-\\nu}),\nwhere nu is a homogeneity degree of the rate of exchange. At the borderline\ncase nu=2, the distribution exhibits a generic algebraic tail, Phi(x)\\sim\nx^{-5}. In regime III, the gel nucleates immediately and consumes the entire\nsystem. For finite systems, the gelation time vanishes logarithmically, T\\sim\n[\\ln N]^{-(\\nu-2)}, in the large system size limit N\\to\\infty. The theory is\napplied to coarsening in the infinite range Ising-Kawasaki model and in\nelectrostatically driven granular layers.",
        "positive": "\"Quasi Universality classes\" in 2D frustrated XY spin systems: Classical XY spins on a two dimensional triangular lattice with\nantiferromagnetic interactions are reconsidered. We find that the\nKosterlitz-Thouless transition associated to the U(1) symmetry appears at a\ntemperature 0.0020(2) below the Ising transition at 0.5122(1) associated to the\nZ_2 symmetry. The Ising transition has critical exponents different from the\nstandard ones. Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations for equilibrium and\ndynamical properties we show that the lack of universality observed in previous\nstudies is due to finite size corrections not taken account. Likewise the\nKosterlitz-Thouless transition has a critical exponent \\eta\\approx0.36 larger\nthan the corresponding standard value 0.25. Also the helicity jump at the\ncritical temperature is smaller than in the ferromagnetic case in disagreement\nwith theoretical predictions. We try using the concept of an \"quasi\nUniversality class\" to reconcile the standard critical behavior observable at\nhigher temperatures with the different quasi universal one close to the\ncritical region."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy and chirality in sphinx tilings: As a toy model of chiral interactions in crowded spaces, we consider sphinx\ntilings in finite regions of the triangular lattice. The sphinx tiles,\nhexiamonds composed of six equilateral triangles in the shape of a stylized\nsphinx, come in left and right enantiomorphs. Regions scaled up from the unit\nsphinx by an integer factor (\"Sphinx frames\") require tiles of both chiral\nforms to produce tilings, including crystalline, quasicrystalline, and fully\ndisordered tilings. For frames up to order 13, we describe methods that permit\nexact enumeration and computation of partition functions using \"accelerated\nbacktracking,\" \"seam,\" and \"dangler\" algorithms. For larger frames, we\nintroduce a Monte Carlo (MC) method to sample typical tilings. Key to the\nlatter is the identification of fundamental shapes (polyads) that admit\nmultiple tilings and which allow a rejection-free MC simulation.",
        "positive": "Single Particle Battery Model via universal transform method: We obtain and investigate explicit analytic solution via universal transform\nof the diffusion equation in a spherical particles which appears in the\nso-called single particle model, a popular simple model of an electric battery."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Supersymmetries in non-equilibrium Langevin dynamics: Stochastic phenomena are often described by Langevin equations, which serve\nas a mesoscopic model for microscopic dynamics. It is known since the work of\nParisi and Sourlas that reversible (or equilibrium) dynamics present\nsupersymmetries (SUSYs). These are revealed when the path-integral action is\nwritten as a function not only of the physical fields, but also of Grassmann\nfields representing a Jacobian arising from the noise distribution. SUSYs leave\nthe action invariant upon a transformation of the fields that mixes the\nphysical and the Grassmann ones. We show that, contrarily to the common belief,\nit is possible to extend the known reversible construction to the case of\narbitrary irreversible dynamics, for overdamped Langevin equations with\nadditive white noise - provided their steady state is known. The construction\nis based on the fact that the Grassmann representation of the functional\ndeterminant is not unique, and can be chosen so as to present a generalization\nof the Parisi-Sourlas SUSY. Our approach is valid both for\nMartin-Siggia-Rose-Janssen-de Dominicis and for Onsager-Machlup actions. We\nshow how such SUSYs are related to time-reversal symmetries and allow one to\nderive modified fluctuation-dissipation relations valid in non-equilibrium. We\ngive as a concrete example the results for the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation.",
        "positive": "Off-diagonal correlations of lattice impenetrable bosons in one\n  dimension: We consider off-diagonal correlation functions of impenetrable bosons on a\nlattice. By using the Jordan-Wigner transformation the one-body density matrix\nis represented as (Toeplitz) determinant of a matrix of fermionic Green\nfunctions. Using the replica method we calculate exactly the full long-range\nasymptotic behaviour of the one-body density matrix. We discuss how subleading\noscillating terms, originating from short-range correlations give rise to\ninteresting features in the momentum distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-conserved dynamics of steps on vicinal surfaces during\n  electromigration-induced step bunching: We report new results on the non-conserved dynamics of parallel steps on\nvicinal surfaces in the case of sublimation with electromigration and step-step\ninteractions. The derived equations are valid in the quasistatic approximation\nand in the limit $f^{-1}\\gg l_D\\gg l_{\\pm} \\gg l_i$, where $f$ is the inverse\nelectromigration length, $l_D$ the diffusion length, $l_{\\pm}$ the kinetic\nlengths and $l_i$ the terrace widths. The coupling between crystal sublimation\nand step-step interactions induces non-linear, non-conservative terms in the\nequations of motion. Depending on the initial conditions, this leads to\ninterrupted coarsening, anticoarsening of step bunches or periodic switching\nbetween step trains of different numbers of bunches.",
        "positive": "Inertial Effects in Nonequilibrium Work Fluctuations by a Path Integral\n  Approach: Inertial effects in fluctuations of the work to sustain a system in a\nnonequilibrium steady state are discussed for a dragged massive Brownian\nparticle model using a path integral approach. We calculate the work\ndistribution function in the laboratory and comoving frames and prove the\nasymptotic fluctuation theorem for these works for any initial condition.\nImportant and observable differences between the work fluctuations in the two\nframes appear for finite times and are discussed concretely for a\nnonequilibrium steady state initial condition. We also show that for finite\ntimes a time oscillatory behavior appears in the work distribution function for\nmasses larger than a nonzero critical value."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymmetric Heat Flow in Mesoscopic Magnetic System: The characteristics of heat flow in a coupled magnetic system are studied.\nThe coupled system is composed of a gapped chain and a gapless chain. The\nsystem size is assumed to be quite small so that the mean free path is\ncomparable to it. When the parameter set of the temperatures of reservoirs is\nexchanged, the characteristics of heat flow are studied with the Keldysh Green\nfunction technique. The asymmetry of current is found in the presence of a\nlocal equilibrium process at the contact between the magnetic systems. The\npresent setup is realistic and such an effect will be observed in real\nexperiments. We also discuss the simple phenomenological explanation to obtain\nthe asymmetry.",
        "positive": "On the optimal relaxation rate for the Metropolis algorithm in one\n  dimension: We study the relaxation of the Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm corresponding\nto a single particle trapped in a one-dimensional confining potential, with\neven jump distributions that ensure that the dynamics verifies detailed\nbalance. Previous work suggested that, for smooth jump distributions, the\nfastest relaxation rate is obtained as a result of the competition between\ndiffusive and rejection-dominated dynamics. In this work, we show that a new\nregime comes into play for two-peaked jump distributions, where the relaxation\ndynamics is neither dominated by diffusion nor rejection: the eigenmodes adopt\nan oscillatory form, reminiscent of charge density waves (CDW) -- thus we term\nthis new regime the CDW regime. Using a combination of numerical and analytical\ntechniques, the parameter regions corresponding to diffusion, rejection, and\nCDW are characterised, as well as the transition lines between them -- i.e. a\nphase diagram is built. The optimal relaxation rate is located at the triple\npoint of phase coexistence, where the transition lines (diffusive-rejection,\ndiffusive-CDW, and CDW-rejection) intersect. Our theoretical framework is\nchecked versus the numerical diagonalisation of the master equation. We also\nbriefly discuss more sophisticated attempts at optimising the relaxation rate\nto equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-order condensation transition in the position distribution of a\n  run-and-tumble particle in one dimension: We consider a single run-and-tumble particle (RTP) moving in one dimension.\nWe assume that the velocity of the particle is drawn independently at each\ntumbling from a zero-mean Gaussian distribution and that the run times are\nexponentially distributed. We investigate the probability distribution $P(X,N)$\nof the position $X$ of the particle after $N$ runs, with $N\\gg 1$. We show that\nin the regime $ X \\sim N^{3/4}$ the distribution $P(X,N)$ has a large deviation\nform with a rate function characterized by a discontinuous derivative at the\ncritical value $X=X_c>0$. The same is true for $X=-X_c$ due to the symmetry of\n$P(X,N)$. We show that this singularity corresponds to a first-order\ncondensation transition: for $X>X_c$ a single large jump dominates the RTP\ntrajectory. We consider the participation ratio of the single-run displacements\nas the order parameter of the system, showing that this quantity is\ndiscontinuous at $X=X_c$. Our results are supported by numerical simulations\nperformed with a constrained Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm.",
        "positive": "Proposed fitting function for the critical Casimir force on $^4$He film\n  below the $\u03bb$ point: We have extended the mean field calculation of Zandi et al [1] and have\nobtained an approximate mathematical expression for the Casimir scaling\nfunction, which if extrapolated to the domain $\\pi^2\\ge-y\\ge 0$, becomes\nsurprisingly similar to that obtained experimentally by Ganshin et al [2]. The\nextrapolated scaling function can be regarded as a proposed fitting function,\nthat appears to agree better with the experiments [2] in D=3, than the exact\nmean field result of Zandi et al [1]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality of closed nested paths in two-dimensional percolation: Recent work on two-dimensional percolation [arXiv:2102.07135] introduced an\noperator that counts the number of nested paths (NP), which is the maximal\nnumber of disjoint concentric cycles sustained by a cluster that percolates\nfrom the center to the boundary of a disc of diameter $L$. Giving a weight $k$\nto each nested path, with $k$ a real number, the one-point function of the NP\noperator was found to scale as $ L^{-X_{\\rm NP}(k)}$, with a continuously\nvarying exponent $X_{\\rm NP}(k)$, for which an analytical formula was\nconjectured on the basis of numerical result. Here we revisit the NP problem.\nWe note that while the original NPs are monochromatic, i.e. all on the same\ncluster, one can also consider polychromatic nested paths, which can be on\ndifferent clusters, and lead to an operator with a different exponent. The\noriginal nested paths are therefore labeled with MNP. We first derive an exact\nresult for $X_{\\rm MNP}(k)$, valid for $k \\ge -1$, which replaces the previous\nconjecture. Then we study the probability distribution $\\mathbb{P}_{\\ell}$ that\n$\\ell \\geq 0$ NPs exist on the percolating cluster. We show that\n$\\mathbb{P}_{\\ell}(L)$ scales as $ L^{-1/4} (\\ln L)^\\ell [(1/\\ell!)\n\\Lambda^\\ell]$ when $L \\gg 1$, with $\\Lambda = 1/\\sqrt{3} \\pi$, and that the\nmean number of NPs, conditioned on the existence of a percolating cluster,\ndiverges logarithmically as $\\kappa \\ln L$, with $\\kappa =3/8\\pi$. These\ntheoretical predictions are confirmed by extensive simulations for a number of\ncritical percolation models, hence supporting the universality of the NP\nobservables.",
        "positive": "Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in the Quantum Sine-Gordon Model: The spontaneous symmetry breaking in the quantum sine-Gordon model is studied\nby a density matrix renormalization group. A phase diagram in the coupling\nconstant - system size plane is obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sum rules for correlation functions of ionic mixtures in arbitrary\n  dimension $d\\geq 2$: The correlations in classical multi-component ionic mixtures with spatial\ndimension $d\\geq 2$ are studied by using a restricted grand-canonical ensemble\nand the associated hierarchy equations for the correlation functions. Sum rules\nfor the first few moments of the two-particle correlation function are derived\nand their dependence on $d$ is established. By varying $d$ continuously near\n$d=2$ it is shown how the sum rules for the two-dimensional mixture are related\nto those for mixtures at higher $d$.",
        "positive": "Supercooled confined water and the Mode Coupling crossover temperature: We present a Molecular Dynamics study of the single particle dynamics of\nsupercooled water confined in a silica pore. Two dynamical regimes are found:\nclose to the hydrophilic substrate molecules are below the Mode Coupling\ncrossover temperature, $T_C$, already at ambient temperature. The water closer\nto the center of the pore (free water) approaches upon supercooling $T_C$ as\npredicted by Mode Coupling Theories. For free water the crossover temperature\nand crossover exponent $\\gamma$ are extracted from power-law fits to both the\ndiffusion coefficient and the relaxation time of the late $\\alpha$ region."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Force-Field Functor Theory: Classical Force-Fields which Reproduce\n  Equilibrium Quantum Distributions: Feynman and Hibbs were the first to variationally determine an effective\npotential whose associated classical canonical ensemble approximates the exact\nquantum partition function. We examine the existence of a map between the local\npotential and an effective classical potential which matches the exact quantum\nequilibrium density and partition function. The usefulness of such a mapping\nrests in its ability to readily improve Born-Oppenheimer potentials for use\nwith classical sampling. We show that such a map is unique and must exist. To\nexplore the feasibility of using this result to improve classical molecular\nmechanics, we numerically produce a map from a library of randomly generated\none-dimensional potential/effective potential pairs then evaluate its\nperformance on independent test problems. We also apply the map to simulate\nliquid para-hydrogen, finding that the resulting radial pair distribution\nfunctions agree well with path integral Monte Carlo simulations. The surprising\naccessibility and transferability of the technique suggest a quantitative route\nto adapting Born-Oppenheimer potentials, with a motivation similar in spirit to\nthe powerful ideas and approximations of density functional theory.",
        "positive": "Faraday patterns in Bose-Einstein condensates: Temporal periodic modulation of the interatomic s-wave scattering length in\nBose-Einstein condensates is shown to excite subharmonic patterns of atom\ndensity through a parametric resonance. The dominating wavelength of the\nspatial structures is shown to be primarily selected by the excitation\nfrequency but also affected by the depth of the spatial modulation via a\nnonlinear resonance. These phenomena represent macroscopic quantum analogues of\nthe Faraday waves excited in vertically shaken liquids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of a kinetic barrier on limited-mobility interface growth models: The role played by a kinetic barrier originated by out-of-plane step edge\ndiffusion, introduced in [Leal \\textit{et al.},\n\\href{https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/23/29/292201}{J. Phys. Condens. Matter\n\\textbf{23}, 292201 (2011)}], is investigated in the Wolf-Villain and Das\nSarma-Tamborenea models with short range diffusion. Using large-scale\nsimulations, we observed that this barrier is sufficient to produce growth\ninstability, forming quasiregular mounds in one and two dimensions. The\ncharacteristic surface length saturates quickly indicating a uncorrelated\ngrowth of the 3d structures, which is also confirmed by a growth exponent\n$\\beta=1/2$. The out-of-plane particle current provides a large reduction of\nthe downward flux enhancing, consequently, the net upward diffusion and\nformation of 3d self-arranged structures.",
        "positive": "Active XY model on a substrate: Density fluctuations and phase ordering: We explore the generic long wavelength properties of an active XY model on a\nsubstrate, consisting of collection of nearly phase-ordered active XY spins in\ncontact with a diffusing, conserved species, as a representative system of\nactive spinners with a conservation law. The spins rotate actively in response\nto the local density fluctuations and local phase differences, on a solid\nsubstrate. We investigate this system by Monte-Carlo simulations of an\nagent-based model, which we set up, complemented by the hydrodynamic theory for\nthe system. We demonstrate that this system can phase-synchronize without any\nhydrodynamic interactions. Our combined numerical and analytical studies show\nthat this model, when stable, displays hitherto unstudied scaling behavior: As\na consequence of the interplay between the mobility, active rotation and number\nconservation, such a system can be stable over a wide range of the model\nparameters characterized by a novel correspondence between the phase and\ndensity fluctuations. In different regions of the phase space where the\nphase-ordered system is stable, it shows phase ordering which is generically\neither logarithmically stronger than the conventional quasi long range order\n(QLRO) found in its equilibrium limit, together with \"miniscule number\nfluctuations\", or logarithmically weaker than QLRO along with \"giant number\nfluctuations\", showing a novel one-to-one correspondence between phase ordering\nand density fluctuations in the ordered states. Intriguingly, these scaling\nexponents are found to depend explicitly on the model parameters. We further\nshow that in other parameter regimes there are no stable, ordered phases.\nInstead, two distinct types of disordered states with short range phase-order\nare found, characterized by the presence or absence of stable clusters of\nfinite sizes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Can Somebody Please Say What Gibbsian Statistical Mechanics Says?: Gibbsian statistical mechanics (GSM) is the most widely used version of\nstatistical mechanics among working physicists. Yet a closer look at GSM\nreveals that it is unclear what the theory actually says and how it bears on\nexperimental practice. The root cause of the difficulties is the status of the\nAveraging Principle, the proposition that what we observe in an experiment is\nthe ensemble average of a phase function. We review different stances toward\nthis principle, and eventually present a coherent interpretation of GSM that\nprovides an account of the status and scope of the principle.",
        "positive": "Links between Dissipation and R\u00e9nyi Divergences in\n  $\\mathcal{PT}$-Symmetric Quantum Mechanics: Thermodynamics and information theory have been intimately related since the\ntimes of Maxwell and Boltzmann. Recently it was shown that the dissipated work\nin an arbitrary non-equilibrium process is related to the R\\'{e}nyi divergences\nbetween two states along the forward and reversed dynamics. Here we show that\nthe relation between dissipated work and Renyi divergences generalizes to\n$\\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quantum mechanics with unbroken $\\mathcal{PT}$\nsymmetry. In the regime of broken $\\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry, the relation between\ndissipated work and Renyi divergences does not hold as the norm is not\npreserved during the dynamics. This finding is illustrated for an\nexperimentally relevant system of two-coupled cavities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic criticality in driven disordered systems: Role of depinning and\n  driving rate in Barkhausen noise: We study Barkhausen noise in a diluted two-dimensional Ising model with the\nextended domain wall and weak random fields occurring due to coarse graining.\nWe report two types of scaling behavior corresponding to (a) low disorder\nregime where a single domain wall slips through a series of positions when the\nexternal field is increased, and (b) large disorder regime, which is\ncharacterized with nucleation of many domains. The effects of finite\nconcentration of nonmagnetic ions and variable driving rate on the scaling\nexponents is discussed in both regimes. The universal scaling behavior at low\ndisorder is shown to belong to a class of critical dynamic systems, which are\ndescribed by a fixed point of the stochastic transport equation with\nself-consistent disorder correlations.",
        "positive": "Power-efficiency-dissipation relations in linear thermodynamics: We derive general relations between maximum power, maximum efficiency, and\nminimum dissipation regimes from linear irreversible thermodynamics. The\nrelations simplify further in the presence of a particular symmetry of the\nOnsager matrix, which can be derived from detailed balance. The results are\nillustrated on a periodically driven system and a three terminal device subject\nto an external magnetic field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complex-valued second difference as a measure of stabilization of\n  complex dissipative statistical systems: Girko ensemble: A quantum statistical system with energy dissipation is studied. Its\nstatistics is governed by random complex-valued non-Hermitean Hamiltonians\nbelonging to complex Ginibre ensemble. The eigenenergies are shown to form\nstable structure. Analogy of Wigner and Dyson with system of electrical charges\nis drawn.",
        "positive": "Mathematical model for substitutional binary diffusion in solids: In this paper we detail the mechanisms that drive substitutional binary\ndiffusion and derive appropriate governing equations. We focus on the\none-dimensional case with insulated boundary conditions. Asymptotic expansions\nare used in order to simplify the problem. We are able to obtain approximate\nanalytical solutions in two distinct cases: the two species diffuse at similar\nrates, and the two species have largely different diffusion rates. A numerical\nsolution for the full problem is also described."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generic phase coexistence in the totally asymmetric kinetic Ising model: The physical analysis of generic phase coexistence in the North-East-Center\nToom model was originally given by Bennett and Grinstein. The gist of their\nargument relies on the dynamics of interfaces and droplets. We revisit the same\nquestion for a specific totally asymmetric kinetic Ising model on the square\nlattice. This nonequilibrium model possesses the remarkable property that its\nstationary-state measure in the absence of a magnetic field coincides with that\nof the usual ferromagnetic Ising model. We use both analytical arguments and\nnumerical simulations in order to make progress in the quantitative\nunderstanding of the phenomenon of generic phase coexistence. At zero\ntemperature a mapping onto the TASEP allows an exact determination of the\ntime-dependent shape of the ballistic interface sweeping a large square\nminority droplet of up or down spins. At finite temperature, measuring the mean\nlifetime of such a droplet allows an accurate measurement of its shrinking\nvelocity $v$, which depends on temperature $T$ and magnetic field $h$. In the\nabsence of a magnetic field, $v$ vanishes with an exponent\n$\\Delta_v\\approx2.5\\pm0.2$ as the critical temperature $T_c$ is approached. At\nfixed temperature in the ordered phase, $v$ vanishes at the phase-boundary\nfields $\\pm h_{\\rm b}(T)$ which mark the limits of the coexistence region. The\nlatter fields vanish with an exponent $\\Delta_h\\approx3.2\\pm0.3$ as $T_c$ is\napproached.",
        "positive": "Distinct Degrees and Their Distribution in Complex Networks: We investigate a variety of statistical properties associated with the number\nof distinct degrees that exist in a typical network for various classes of\nnetworks. For a single realization of a network with N nodes that is drawn from\nan ensemble in which the number of nodes of degree k has an algebraic tail, N_k\n~ N/k^nu for k>>1, the number of distinct degrees grows as N^{1/nu}. Such an\nalgebraic growth is also observed in scientific citation data. We also\ndetermine the N dependence of statistical quantities associated with the\nsparse, large-k range of the degree distribution, such as the location of the\nfirst hole (where N_k=0), the last doublet (two consecutive occupied degrees),\ntriplet, dimer (N_k=2), trimer, etc."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation of the Site Random-Cluster Model by Monte Carlo Method: Herein, we propose a site random cluster model by introducing an additional\ncluster weight in the partition function of the traditional site percolation.\nTo simulate the model on a square lattice, we combine the color-assignation and\nthe Swendsen-Wang methods together to design a highly efficient cluster\nalgorithm with a small critical slowing-down phenomenon. To verify whether or\nnot it is consistent with the bond random cluster model, we measure several\nquantities such as the wrapping probability $R_e$, the percolation strength\n$P_\\infty$, and the magnetic susceptibility per site $\\chi_p$ as well as two\nexponents such as the thermal exponent $y_t$ and the fractal dimension $y_h$ of\nthe largest cluster. We find that for different exponents of cluster weight\nq=1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4, the numerical estimation of the exponents $y_t$\nand $y_h$ are consistent with the theoretical values. The universalities of the\nsite random cluster model and the bond random cluster model are completely\nidentical. For larger values of $q$, we find obvious signatures of the\nfirst-order percolation transition by the histograms and the hysteresis loops\nof the percolation strength and the energy per site. Our results are helpful\nfor the understanding of the percolation of traditional statistical models.",
        "positive": "Linear Response for Confined Particles: The dynamics of fluctuations is considered for electrons near a positive ion\nor for charges in a confining trap. The stationary nonuniform equilibrium\ndensities are discussed and contrasted. The linear response function for small\nperturbations of this nonuniform state is calculated from a linear Markov\nkinetic theory whose generator for the dynamics is exact in the short time\nlimit. The kinetic equation is solved in terms of an effective mean field\nsingle particle dynamics determined by the local density and dynamical\nscreening by a dielectric function for the non-uniform system. The\nautocorrelation function for the total force on the charges is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random motion theory of an optical vortex in nonlinear birefringent\n  media: A theoretical study is presented for the random aspect of an optical vortex\ninherent in the nonlinear birefringent Kerr effect, which is called the optical\nspin vortex. We start with the two-component nonlinear Schr\\\"{o}dinger\nequation. The vortex is inherent in the spin texture caused by an anisotropy of\nthe dielectric tensor, for which the role of spin is played by the Stokes\nvector (or pseudospin). The evolutional equation is derived for the vortex\ncenter coordinate using the effective Lagrangian of the pseudospin field. This\nis converted to the Langevin equation in the presence of the fluctuation\ntogether with the dissipation. The corresponding Fokker-Planck equation is\nderived and analytically solved for a particular form of the birefringence\ninspired from the Faraday effect. The main consequence is that the relaxation\ndistance for the distribution function is expressed by the universal constant\nin the Faraday effect and the size of optical vortex. The result would provide\na possible clue for future experimental study in polarization optics from a\nstochastic aspect.",
        "positive": "The breakdown of the zeroth law of thermodynamics and the definition of\n  temperature in small quantum systems: We study two small quantum systems coupled to the same reservoir which is in\nthermal equilibrium. By studying the particle density and the energy density in\nthe two systems before and after they contact each other, we find that the two\nsystems are not in thermal equilibrium with each other. Our result shows that\nthe zeroth law of thermodynamics is broken in small quantum systems at low\ntemperatures. Therefore, the traditional way of defining temperature fails due\nto the breakdown of the transitive relation of thermal equilibrium. Then we\nshow a different way of defining temperature by attaching an auxiliary site,\nwhich plays the role of a thermometer, to the small quantum system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stationary Motion of the Adiabatic Piston: We consider a one-dimensional system consisting of two infinite ideal fluids,\nwith equal pressures but different temperatures T_1 and T_2, separated by an\nadiabatic movable piston whose mass M is much larger than the mass m of the\nfluid particules. This is the infinite version of the controversial adiabatic\npiston problem. The stationary non-equilibrium solution of the Boltzmann\nequation for the velocity distribution of the piston is expressed in powers of\nthe small parameter \\epsilon=\\sqrt{m/M}, and explicitly given up to order\n\\epsilon^2. In particular it implies that although the pressures are equal on\nboth sides of the piston, the temperature difference induces a non-zero average\nvelocity of the piston in the direction of the higher temperature region. It\nthus shows that the asymmetry of the fluctuations induces a macroscopic motion\ndespite the absence of any macroscopic force. This same conclusion was\npreviously obtained for the non-physical situation where M=m.",
        "positive": "Emergent Facilitation and Glassy Dynamics in Supercooled Liquids: In supercooled liquids, dynamical facilitation refers to a phenomenon where\nmicroscopic motion begets further motion nearby, resulting in spatially\nheterogeneous dynamics. This is central to the glassy relaxation dynamics of\nsuch liquids, which show super-Arrhenius growth of relaxation timescales with\ndecreasing temperature. Despite the importance of dynamical facilitation, there\nis no theoretical understanding of how facilitation emerges and impacts\nrelaxation dynamics. Here, we present a theory that explains the microscopic\norigins of dynamical facilitation. We show that dynamics proceeds by localized\nbond-exchange events, also known as excitations, resulting in the accumulation\nof elastic stresses with which new excitations can interact. At low\ntemperatures, these elastic interactions dominate and facilitate the creation\nof new excitations near prior excitations. Using the theory of linear\nelasticity and Markov processes, we simulate a model, which reproduces multiple\naspects of glassy dynamics observed in experiments and molecular simulations,\nincluding the stretched exponential decay of relaxation functions, the\nsuper-Arrhenius behavior of relaxation timescales as well as their\ntwo-dimensional (2D) finite-size effects. The model also predicts the\nsubdiffusive behavior of the mean squared displacement (MSD) on short,\nintermediate timescales. Furthermore, we derive the phonon contributions to\ndiffusion and relaxation, which when combined with the excitation contributions\nproduce the two-step relaxation processes, and the\nballistic-subdiffusive-diffusive crossover MSD behaviors commonly found in\nsupercooled liquids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin-phonon coupling induced frustration in the exactly solved spin-1/2\n  Ising model on a decorated planar lattice: The spin-1/2 Ising model with a spin-phonon coupling on decorated planar\nlattices partially amenable to lattice vibrations is examined within the\nframework of the generalized decoration-iteration transformation and the\nharmonic approximation. It is shown that the magnetoelastic coupling gives rise\nto an effective antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbour interaction, which\ncompetes with the nearest-neighbour interaction and is responsible for a\nfrustration of the decorating spins. The strong enough spin-phonon coupling\nconsequently leads to an appearance of the striking partially ordered and\npartially disordered phase, where a perfect antiferromagnetic alignment of the\nnodal spins is accompanied with a complete disorder of the decorating spins.\nThe diversity in temperature dependences of the total specific heat is\ninvestigated in connection with the particular behaviour of its magnetic and\nlattice contribution.",
        "positive": "Ergodicity breaking in one-dimensional reaction-diffusion systems: We investigate one-dimensional driven diffusive systems where particles may\nalso be created and annihilated in the bulk with sufficiently small rate. In an\nopen geometry, i.e., coupled to particle reservoirs at the two ends, these\nsystems can exhibit ergodicity breaking in the thermodynamic limit. The\ntriggering mechanism is the random motion of a shock in an effective potential.\nBased on this physical picture we provide a simple condition for the existence\nof a non-ergodic phase in the phase diagram of such systems. In the\nthermodynamic limit this phase exhibits two or more stationary states. However,\nfor finite systems transitions between these states are possible. It is shown\nthat the mean lifetime of such a metastable state is exponentially large in\nsystem-size. As an example the ASEP with the A0A--AAA reaction kinetics is\nanalyzed in detail. We present a detailed discussion of the phase diagram of\nthis particular model which indeed exhibits a phase with broken ergodicity. We\nmeasure the lifetime of the metastable states with a Monte Carlo simulation in\norder to confirm our analytical findings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Experimental Observations of the Effects of Intermolecular Van der Waals\n  Forces on Entropy: An experimental effort was conducted to measure the change in internal energy\nof non-ideal carbon dioxide as its volume rapidly expanded with the sudden\nopening of a valve from one to two compressed gas cylinders. This was achieved\nby measuring the mass heat capacity of the gas cylinders and the\nmanifold-valve, and measuring the change in temperature from the sudden\ndoubling of volume of the non-ideal carbon dioxide. It was determined that an\nempirical equation for the change in internal energy of a non-ideal fluid was\nmore accurate than previous methods used for estimating the change in internal\nenergy by estimating the change in entropy. With this empirical equation, a\ntheoretical ideal Stirling cycle heat engine that exceeds the Carnot efficiency\nwas realized by utilizing non-ideal carbon dioxide as a working fluid.",
        "positive": "Entropy-reducing dynamics of a double demon: We study the reduction in total entropy, and associated conversion of\nenvironmental heat into work, arising from the coupling and decoupling of two\nsystems followed by processing determined by suitable mutual feedback. The\nscheme is based on the actions of Maxwell's demon, namely the performance of a\nmeasurement on a system followed by an exploitation of the outcome to extract\nwork. When this is carried out in a symmetric fashion, with each system\ninforming the exploitation of the other (and both therefore acting as a demon),\nit may be shown that the second law can be broken, a consequence of the\nself-sorting character of the system dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Steady States of Matrix Product Form: A Solver's Guide: We consider the general problem of determining the steady state of stochastic\nnonequilibrium systems such as those that have been used to model (among other\nthings) biological transport and traffic flow. We begin with a broad overview\nof this class of driven diffusive systems - which includes exclusion processes\n- focusing on interesting physical properties, such as shocks and phase\ntransitions. We then turn our attention specifically to those models for which\nthe exact distribution of microstates in the steady state can be expressed in a\nmatrix product form. In addition to a gentle introduction to this matrix\nproduct approach, how it works and how it relates to similar constructions that\narise in other physical contexts, we present a unified, pedagogical account of\nthe various means by which the statistical mechanical calculations of\nmacroscopic physical quantities are actually performed. We also review a number\nof more advanced topics, including nonequilibrium free energy functionals, the\nclassification of exclusion processes involving multiple particle species,\nexistence proofs of a matrix product state for a given model and more\ncomplicated variants of the matrix product state that allow various types of\nparallel dynamics to be handled. We conclude with a brief discussion of open\nproblems for future research.",
        "positive": "An application of Malliavin Calculus to Finance: In this article, we give a brief informal introduction to Malliavin Calculus\nfor newcomers. We apply these ideas to the simulation of Greeks in Finance.\nFirst to European-type options where formulas can be computed explicitly and\ntherefore can serve as testing ground. Later we study the case of Asian options\nwhere close formulas are not available. The Greeks are computed through Monte\nCarlo simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An alternate view of complexity in k-SAT problems: The satisfiability threshold for constraint satisfaction problems is that\nvalue of the ratio of constraints (or clauses) to variables, above which the\nprobability that a random instance of the problem has a solution is zero in the\nlarge system limit. Two different approaches to obtaining this threshold have\nbeen discussed in the literature - using first or second-moment methods which\ngive rigorous bounds or using the non-rigorous but powerful replica-symmetry\nbreaking (RSB) approach, which gives very accurate predictions on random\ngraphs. In this paper, we lay out a different route to obtaining this threshold\non a Bethe lattice. We need make no assumptions about the solution-space\nstructure, a key assumption in the RSB approach. Despite this, our expressions\nand threshold values exactly match the best predictions of the cavity method\nunder the 1-RSB assumption. Our method hence provides alternate interpretations\nas well as motivations for the key equations in the RSB approach.",
        "positive": "Local correlations in dual-unitary kicked chains: We show that for dual-unitary kicked chains, built upon a pair of complex\nHadamard matrices, correlators of strictly local, traceless operators vanish\nidentically for sufficiently long chains. On the other hand, operators\nsupported at pairs of adjacent chain sites, generically, exhibit nontrivial\ncorrelations along the light cone edges. In agreement with Bertini et. al.\n[Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 210601 (2019)], they can be expressed through the\nexpectation values of a transfer matrix $T$. Furthermore, we identify a\nremarkable family of dual-unitary models where an explicit information on the\nspectrum of $T$ is available. For this class of models we provide a closed\nanalytical formula for the corresponding two-point correlators. This result, in\nturn, allows an evaluation of local correlators in the vicinity of the\ndual-unitary regime which is exemplified on the kicked Ising spin chain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficiency Statistics and Bounds for Systems with Broken Time-Reversal\n  Symmetry: Universal properties of the statistics of stochastic efficiency for\nmesoscopic time-reversal symmetry broken energy transducers are revealed in the\nGaussian approximation. We also discuss how the second law of thermodynamics\nrestricts the statistics of stochastic efficiency. The tight-coupling\n(reversible) limit becomes unfavorable, characterized by an infinitely broad\ndistribution of efficiency at {\\em all times}, when time-reversal symmetry\nbreaking leads to an asymmetric Onsager response matrix. The underlying physics\nis demonstrated through the integer quantum Hall effect and further elaborated\nin a triple-quantum-dot three-terminal thermoelectric engine.",
        "positive": "SLE in the three-state Potts model - a numerical study: The scaling limit of the spin cluster boundaries of the Ising model with\ndomain wall boundary conditions is SLE with kappa=3. We hypothesise that the\nthree-state Potts model with appropriate boundary conditions has spin cluster\nboundaries which are also SLE in the scaling limit, but with kappa=10/3. To\ntest this, we generate samples using the Wolff algorithm and test them against\npredictions of SLE: we examine the statistics of the Loewner driving function,\nestimate the fractal dimension and test against Schramm's formula. The results\nare in support of our hypothesis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strongly correlated 2D quantum phases with cold polar molecules:\n  controlling the shape of the interaction potential: We discuss techniques to tune and shape the long-range part of the\ninteraction potentials in quantum gases of polar molecules by dressing\nrotational excitations with static and microwave fields. This provides a novel\ntool towards engineering strongly correlated quantum phases in combination with\nlow dimensional trapping geometries. As an illustration, we discuss a 2D\ncrystalline phase, and a superfluid-crystal quantum phase transition.",
        "positive": "Finite-size corrections to scaling of the magnetization distribution in\n  the $2d$ $XY$-model at zero temperature: The zero-temperature, classical $XY$-model on an $L \\times L$ square-lattice\nis studied by exploring the distribution $\\Phi_L(y)$ of its centered and\nnormalized magnetization $y$ in the large $L$ limit. An integral representation\nof the cumulant generating function, known from earlier works, is used for the\nnumerical evaluation of $\\Phi_L(y)$, and the limit distribution $\\Phi_{L\n\\rightarrow \\infty} (y) = \\Phi_0(y)$ is obtained with high precision. The two\nleading finite-size corrections $\\Phi_L (y) -\\Phi_0 (y) \\approx a_1(L)\\,\n\\Phi_1(y) + a_2(L)\\,\\Phi_2(y)$ are also extracted both from numerics and from\nanalytic calculations. We find that the amplitude $a_1(L)$ scales as\n$\\ln(L/L_0) /L^2$ and the shape correction function $\\Phi_1 (y)$ can be\nexpressed through the low-order derivatives of the limit distribution, $\\Phi_1\n(y) = [\\,y\\, \\Phi_0 (y) + \\Phi'_0 (y)\\,]'$. The second finite-size correction\nhas an amplitude $a_2(L)\\propto 1/L^2$ and one finds that $a_2\\,\\Phi_2(y) \\ll\na_1 \\,\\Phi_1(y)$ already for small system size ($L> 10$). We illustrate the\nfeasibility of observing the calculated finite-size corrections by performing\nsimulations of the $XY$-model at low temperatures, including $T = 0$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Excitation Spectrum at the Yang-Lee Edge Singularity of 2D Ising Model\n  on the Strip: At the Yang-Lee edge singularity, finite-size scaling behavior is used to\nmeasure the low-lying excitation spectrum of the Ising quantum spin chain for\nfree boundary conditions. The measured spectrum is used to identify the CFT\nthat describes the Yang-Lee edge singularity of the 2D Ising model for free\nboundary conditions.",
        "positive": "A possible generalized form of Jarzynski equality: The crucial condition in the derivation of the Jarzynski equality (JE) from\nthe fluctuation theorem is that the time integral of the phase space\ncontraction factor can be exactly expressed as the entropy production resulting\nfrom the heat absorbed by the system from the thermal bath. For the system\nviolating this condition, a more general form of JE may exist. This existence\nis verified by three \\textit{Gedanken} experiments and numerical simulations,\nand may be confirmed by the real experiment in the nanoscale."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy Production in Relativistic Binary Mixtures: In this paper we calculate the entropy production of a relativistic binary\nmixture of inert dilute gases using kinetic theory. For this purpose we use the\ncovariant form of Boltzmann's equation which, when suitably transformed, yields\na formal expression for such quantity. Its physical meaning is extracted when\nthe distribution function is expanded in the gradients using the well-known\nChapman-Enskog method. Retaining the terms to first order, consistently with\nLinear Irreversible Thermodynamics we show that indeed, the entropy production\ncan be expressed as a bilinear form of products between the fluxes and their\ncorresponding forces. The implications of this result are thoroughly discussed.",
        "positive": "Viscoelasticity and metastability limit in supercooled liquids: A supercooled liquid is said to have a kinetic spinodal if a temperature Tsp\nexists below which the liquid relaxation time exceeds the crystal nucleation\ntime. We revisit classical nucleation theory taking into account the\nviscoelastic response of the liquid to the formation of crystal nuclei and find\nthat the kinetic spinodal is strongly influenced by elastic effects. We\nintroduce a dimensionless parameter \\lambda, which is essentially the ratio\nbetween the infinite frequency shear modulus and the enthalpy of fusion of the\ncrystal. In systems where \\lambda is larger than a critical value \\lambda_c the\nmetastability limit is totally suppressed, independently of the surface\ntension. On the other hand, if \\lambda < \\lambda_c a kinetic spinodal is\npresent and the time needed to experimentally observe it scales as\nexp[\\omega/(\\lambda_c-\\lambda)^2], where \\omega is roughly the ratio between\nsurface tension and enthalpy of fusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Butterfly hysteresis curve is a signature of adiabatic Landau-Zener\n  transition: We stress that the so-called butterfly hysteresis curves observed in\ndynamical magnetization measurements on systems of low-spin magnetic molecules\nsuch as V-15 and V-6 are a signature of adiabatic Landau-Zener transitions\nrather than that of a phonon bottleneck. We investigate the magnetization\ndynamics analytically with the help of a simple relaxation theory in the basis\nof the adabatic energy levels of the spin 1/2, to a qualitative accordance with\nexperimental observations. In particular, reversible behavior is found near\nzero field, the corresponding susceptibility being bounded by the equilibrium\nand adiabatic susceptibilities from below and above, respectively.",
        "positive": "Survival probabilities in the double trapping reaction A +B -> B, B + C\n  -> C: We consider the double trapping reaction A + B -> B, B + C -> C in one\ndimension. The survival probability of a given A particle is calculated under\nvarious conditions on the diffusion constants of the reactants, and on the\nratio of initial B and C particle densities. The results are of more general\nform than those obtained in previous work on the problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior and out-of-equilibrium dynamics of a two-dimensional\n  Ising model with dynamic couplings: We study the critical behavior and the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of a\ntwo-dimensional Ising model with non-static interactions. In our model, bonds\nare dynamically changing according to a majority rule depending on the set of\nclosest neighbors of each spin pair, which prevents the system from ordering in\na full ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic state. Using a parallel-tempering\nMonte Carlo algorithm, we find that the model undergoes a continuous phase\ntransition at finite temperature, which belongs to the Ising universality\nclass. The properties of the bond structure and the ground-state entropy are\nalso studied. Finally, we analyze the out-of-equilibrium dynamics which\ndisplays typical glassy characteristics at a temperature well below the\ncritical one.",
        "positive": "Congested Traffic States in Empirical Observations and Microscopic\n  Simulations: We present data from several German freeways showing different kinds of\ncongested traffic forming near road inhomogeneities, specifically lane\nclosings, intersections, or uphill gradients. The states are localized or\nextended, homogeneous or oscillating. Combined states are observed as well,\nlike the coexistence of moving localized clusters and clusters pinned at road\ninhomogeneities, or regions of oscillating congested traffic upstream of nearly\nhomogeneous congested traffic. The experimental findings are consistent with a\nrecently proposed theoretical phase diagram for traffic near on-ramps [D.\nHelbing, A. Hennecke, and M. Treiber, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 82}, 4360 (1999)].\nWe simulate these situations with a novel continuous microscopic single-lane\nmodel, the ``intelligent driver model'' (IDM), using the empirical boundary\nconditions. All observations, including the coexistence of states, are\nqualitatively reproduced by describing inhomogeneities with local variations of\none model parameter.\n  We show that the results of the microscopic model can be understood by\nformulating the theoretical phase diagram for bottlenecks in a more general\nway. In particular, a local drop of the road capacity induced by parameter\nvariations has practically the same effect as an on-ramp."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nontrivial temporal scaling in a Galilean stick-slip dynamics: We examine the stick-slip fluctuating response of a rough massive\nnon-rotating cylinder moving on a rough inclined groove which is submitted to\nweak external perturbations and which is maintained well below the angle of\nrepose. The experiments presented here, which are reminiscent of the Galileo's\nworks with rolling objects on inclines, have brought in the last years\nimportant new insights into the friction between surfaces in relative motion\nand are of relevance for earthquakes, differing from classical block-spring\nmodels by the mechanism of energy input in the system. Robust nontrivial\ntemporal scaling laws appearing in the dynamics of this system are reported,\nand it is shown that the time-support where dissipation occurs approaches a\nstatistical fractal set with a fixed value of dimension. The distribution of\nperiods of inactivity in the intermittent motion of the cylinder is also\nstudied and found to be closely related to the lacunarity of a random version\nof the classic triadic Cantor set on the line.",
        "positive": "Checkerboards, stripes and corner energies in spin models with competing\n  interactions: We study the zero temperature phase diagram of Ising spin systems in two\ndimensions in the presence of competing interactions, long range\nantiferromagnetic and nearest neighbor ferromagnetic of strength J. We first\nintroduce the notion of a \"corner energy\" which shows, when the\nantiferromagnetic interaction decays faster than the fourth power of the\ndistance, that a striped state is favored with respect to a checkerboard state\nwhen J is close to J_c, the transition to the ferromagnetic state, i.e., when\nthe length scales of the uniformly magnetized domains become large. Next, we\nperform detailed analytic computations on the energies of the striped and\ncheckerboard states in the cases of antiferromagnetic interactions with\nexponential decay and with power law decay r^{-p}, p>2, that depend on the\nManhattan distance instead of the Euclidean distance. We prove that the striped\nphase is always favored compared to the checkerboard phase when the scale of\nthe ground state structure is very large. This happens for J\\lesssim J_c if\np>3, and for J sufficiently large if 2<p<=3. Many of our considerations\ninvolving rigorous bounds carry over to dimensions greater than two and to more\ngeneral short-range ferromagnetic interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vortices in Spatially Inhomogeneous Superfluids: We study vortices in a radially inhomogeneous superfluid, as realized by a\ntrapped degenerate Bose gas in a uniaxially symmetric potential. We show that,\nin contrast to a homogeneous superfluid, an off-axis vortex corresponds to an\nanisotropic superflow whose profile strongly depends on the distance to the\ntrap axis. One consequence of this superflow anisotropy is vortex precession\nabout the trap axis in the absence of an imposed rotation. In the complementary\nregime of a finite prescribed rotation, we compute the minimum-energy vortex\ndensity, showing that in the rapid-rotation limit it is extremely uniform,\ndespite a strongly inhomogeneous (nearly) Thomas-Fermi condensate density\n$\\rho_s(r)$. The weak radially-dependent contribution ($\\propto\n\\nabla^2\\ln\\rho_s(r)$) to the vortex distribution, that vanishes with the\nnumber of vortices $N_v$ as $\\frac{1}{N_v}$, arises from the interplay between\nvortex quantum discretness (namely their inability to faithfully support the\nimposed rigid-body rotation) and the inhomogeneous superfluid density. This\nleads to an enhancement of the vortex density at the center of a typical\nconcave trap, a prediction that is in quantitative agreement with recent\nexperiments (cond-mat/0405240). One striking consequence of the inhomogeneous\nvortex distribution is an azimuthally-directed, radially-shearing superflow.",
        "positive": "Semiclassical Spectrum of Small Bose-Hubbard Chains: A Normal Form\n  Approach: We analyze the spectrum of the 3-site Bose-Hubbard model with periodic\nboundary conditions using a semiclassical method. The Bohr-Sommerfeld\nquantization is applied to an effective classical Hamiltonian which we derive\nusing resonance normal form theory. The derivation takes into account the 1:1\nresonance between frequencies of a linearized classical system, and brings\nnonlinear terms into a corresponding normal form. The obtained expressions\nreproduce the exact low-energy spectrum of the system remarkably well even for\na small number of particles N corresponding to fillings of just two particles\nper site. Such small fillings are often used in current experiments, and it is\ninspiring to get insight into this quantum regime using essentially classical\ncalculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probability of Incipient Spanning Clusters in Critical Two-Dimensional\n  Percolation: The probability of simultaneous occurence of at least k spanning clusters has\nbeen studied by Monte Carlo simulations on the 2D square lattice at the bond\npercolation threshold Pc=1/2. The calculated probabilities for free boundary\nconditions and periodic boundary conditions are in a very good coincidence with\nthe exact formulae developed recently by Cardy.",
        "positive": "$\u03bcPT$ statistical ensemble: systems with fluctuating energy, particle\n  number, and volume: Within the theory of statistical ensemble, the so-called $\\mu PT$ ensemble\ndescribes equilibrium systems that exchange energy, particles, and volume with\nthe surrounding. General, model-independent features of volume and particle\nnumber statistics are derived. Non-analytic points of the partition function\nare discussed in connection with divergent fluctuations and ensemble\nequivalence. Quantum and classical ideal gases, and a model of Bose gas with\nmean-field interactions are discussed as examples of the above considerations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of systems with heterogeneous agents: Minority\n  Games: We study analytically a simple game theoretical model of heterogeneous\ninteracting agents. We show that the stationary state of the system is\ndescribed by the ground state of a disordered spin model which is exactly\nsolvable within the simple replica symmetric ansatz. Such a stationary state\ndiffers from the Nash equilibrium where each agent maximizes her own utility.\nThe latter turns out to be characterized by a replica symmetry broken\nstructure. Numerical results fully agree with our analytic findings.",
        "positive": "Dissipation and energy gap: The effect of anharmonicity (coupling) in the field theory generally result\nin dissipation of plane waves. It has been appreciated that anharmonicity and\nensuing dissipation of plane waves can be accompanied by the emergence of the\ngapped momentum state. Here, we show that the same effect can lead to a gapped\nenergy state and a dispersion relation where the frequency (energy) gap emerges\nexplicitly. We discuss several notable properties of gapped energy and momentum\nstates and connections between them."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vlasov analysis of relaxation and meta-equilibrium: The Hamiltonian Mean-Field model (HMF), an inertial XY ferromagnet with\ninfinite-range interactions, has been extensively studied in the last few\nyears, especially due to its long-lived meta-equilibrium states, which exhibit\na series of anomalies, such as, breakdown of ergodicity, anomalous diffusion,\naging, and non-Maxwell velocity distributions. The most widely investigated\nmeta-equilibrium states of the HMF arise from special (fully magnetized)\ninitial conditions that evolve to a spatially homogeneous state with well\ndefined macroscopic characteristics and whose lifetime increases with the\nsystem size, eventually reaching equilibrium. These meta-equilibrium states\nhave been observed for specific energies close below the critical value 0.75,\ncorresponding to a ferromagnetic phase transition, and disappear below a\ncertain energy close to 0.68. In the thermodynamic limit, the $\\mu$-space\ndynamics is governed by a Vlasov equation. For finite systems this is an\napproximation to the exact dynamics. However, it provides an explanation, for\ninstance, for the violent initial relaxation and for the disappearance of the\nhomogeneous states at energies below 0.68.",
        "positive": "Properties of low variability periods in financial time series: Properties of low-variability periods in the time series are analysed. The\ntheoretical approach is used to show the relationship between the multi-scaling\nof low-variability periods and multi-affinity of the time series. It is shown\nthat this technically simple method is capable of reveling more details about\ntime-series than the traditional multi-affine analysis. We have applied this\nscaling analysis to financial time series: a number of daily currency and stock\nindex time series. The results show a good scaling behaviour for different\nmodel parameters. The analysis of high-frequency USD-EUR exchange rate data\nconfirmed the theoretical expectations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Preferencial growth: exact solution of the time dependent distributions: We consider a preferential growth model where particles are added one by one\nto the system consisting of clusters of particles. A new particle can either\nform a new cluster (with probability q) or join an already existing cluster\nwith a probability proportional to the size thereof. We calculate exactly the\nprobability $\\Pm_i(k,t)$ that the size of the i-th cluster at time t is k. We\nanalyze the asymptotics, the scaling properties of the size distribution and of\nthe mean size as well as the relation of our system to recent network models.",
        "positive": "Critical amplitude ratios of the Baxter-Wu model: A Monte Carlo simulation study of the critical and off-critical behavior of\nthe Baxter-Wu model, which belongs to the universality class of the 4-state\nPotts model, was performed. We estimate the critical temperature window using\nknown analytical results for the specific heat and magnetization. This helps us\nto extract reliable values of universal combinations of critical amplitudes\nwith reasonable accuracy. Comparisons with approximate analytical predictions\nand other numerical results are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theoretical study of anisotropic layered antiferromagnets: We develop the field theory of antiferromagnets to layered structures on BCT\ncrystal lattices with nearest-neibour and next-nearest-neighbour ferro- and/or\nantiferromagnetic interactions. For this aim the field theoretical counterpart\nof a lattice Heisenberg model is derived by standard theoretical methods:\nHubbard-Stratonovich transformation and a generalized mean-field approach. We\nshown that the inter-layer interactions are a pure thermal fluctuation effect\nwhereas the ground state is characterized by a perfect in-layer\nantiferromagnetic order and a lack of inter-layer coupling. This is a\ndemonstration of 2D-3D dimensional crossover which is supposed to occur in real\nantiferromagnets, for example, in the spin-dimer antiferromagnet BaCuSi2O6.",
        "positive": "The Mathematical Theory of Molecular Motor Movement and Chemomechanical\n  Energy Transduction: The mathematical formulation of the model for molecular movement of single\nmotor proteins driven by cyclic biochemical reactions in an aqueous environment\nleads to a drifted Brownian motion characterized by coupled diffusion\nequations. In this article, we introduce the basic notion for the continuous\nmodel and review some asymptotic solutions for the problem. Stochastic,\nnonequilibrium thermodynamic interpretations of the mathematical equations and\ntheir solutions are presented. Some relevant mathematics, mainly in the field\nof stochastic processes, are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The partition function of the four-vertex model in inhomogeneous\n  external field and trace statistics: The exactly solvable four-vertex model with the fixed boundary conditions in\nthe presence of inhomogeneous linearly growing external field is considered.\nThe partition function of the model is calculated and represented in the\ndeterminantal form. The established connection with the boxed plane partitions\nallows us to calculate the generating function of plane partitions with the\nfixed sums of their diagonals. The obtained results are another example of the\nconnection of integrable models with the enumerative combinatorics.",
        "positive": "An Exactly Solvable Two-Way Traffic Model With Ordered Sequential Update: Within the formalism of martix product ansatz, we study a two-species\nasymmetric exclusion process with backward and forward site-ordered sequential\nupdate. This model describes a two-way traffic flow with a dynamical impurity\nand shows a phase transition between the free flow and the traffic jam. We\ninvestigate characteristics of this jamming and examine similarities and\ndifferences between our results and those with random sequential update."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium work relations: This is a brief review of recently derived relations describing the behaviour\nof systems far from equilibrium. They include the Fluctuation Theorem,\nJarzynski's and Crooks' equalities, and an extended form of the Second\nPrinciple for general steady states. They are very general and their proofs\nare, in most cases, disconcertingly simple.",
        "positive": "Uninfected random walkers in one dimension: We consider a system of unbiased diffusing walkers (A0 <-> 0A) in one\ndimension with random initial conditions. We investigate numerically the\nrelation between the fraction of walkers, U(t), which have never encountered\nanother walker up to time t, calling such walkers ``uninfected'' and the\nfraction of sites, P(t), which have never been visited by a diffusing particle.\nWe extend our study to include the A + B -> 0 diffusion-limited reaction in\none-dimension, with equal initial densities of A and B particles distributed\nhomogeneously at t=0. We find U(t) \\simeq [P(t)]^\\gamma, with \\gamma \\simeq\n1.39, in both models, though there is evidence that a smaller value of \\gamma\nis required for t -> infinity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The problem of predecessors on spanning trees: We consider the equiprobable distribution of spanning trees on the square\nlattice. All bonds of each tree can be oriented uniquely with respect to an\narbitrary chosen site called the root. The problem of predecessors is finding\nthe probability that a path along the oriented bonds passes sequentially fixed\nsites $i$ and $j$. The conformal field theory for the Potts model predicts the\nfractal dimension of the path to be 5/4. Using this result, we show that the\nprobability in the predecessors problem for two sites separated by large\ndistance $r$ decreases as $P(r) \\sim r^{-3/4}$. If sites $i$ and $j$ are\nnearest neighbors on the square lattice, the probability $P(1)=5/16$ can be\nfound from the analytical theory developed for the sandpile model. The known\nequivalence between the loop erased random walk (LERW) and the directed path on\nthe spanning tree says that $P(1)$ is the probability for the LERW started at\n$i$ to reach the neighboring site $j$. By analogy with the self-avoiding walk,\n$P(1)$ can be called the return probability. Extensive Monte-Carlo simulations\nconfirm the theoretical predictions.",
        "positive": "Quantum quenches in the thermodynamic limit. II. Initial ground states: A numerical linked-cluster algorithm was recently introduced to study quantum\nquenches in the thermodynamic limit starting from thermal initial states [M.\nRigol, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 170601 (2014)]. Here, we tailor that algorithm to\nquenches starting from ground states. In particular, we study quenches from the\nground state of the antiferromagnetic Ising model to the XXZ chain. Our results\nfor spin correlations are shown to be in excellent agreement with recent\nanalytical calculations based on the quench action method. We also show that\nthey are different from the correlations in thermal equilibrium, which confirms\nthe expectation that thermalization does not occur in general in integrable\nmodels even if they cannot be mapped to noninteracting ones."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reaction-diffusion processes of three species on small-world networks: We study the decay process for the reaction-diffusion process of three\nspecies on the small-world network. The decay process is manipulated from the\ndeterministic rate equation of three species in the reaction-diffusion system.\nThe particle density and the global reaction rate on a two dimensional\nsmall-world network adding new random links is discussed numerically, and the\nglobal reaction rate before and after the crossover is also found by means of\nthe Monte Carlo simulation. The time-dependent global reaction rate scales as a\npower law with the scaling exponent 0.66 at early time regime while it scales\nwith -0.50 at long time regime, in all four cases of the added probability\n$p=0.2-0.8$. Especially, our result presented is compared with the numerical\ncalculation of regular networks.",
        "positive": "Finite-Size Scaling Analysis of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis\n  in a One-Dimensional Interacting Bose gas: By calculating correlation functions for the Lieb-Liniger model based on the\nalgebraic Bethe ansatz method, we conduct a finite-size scaling analysis of the\neigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) which is considered to be a possible\nmechanism of thermalization in isolated quantum systems. We find that the ETH\nin the weak sense holds in the thermodynamic limit even for an integrable\nsystem although it does not hold in the strong sense. Based on the result of\nthe finite-size scaling analysis, we compare the contribution of the weak ETH\nto thermalization with that of yet another thermalization mechanism, the\ntypicality, and show that the former gives only a logarithmic correction to the\nlatter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heating Rates under Fast Periodic Driving beyond Linear Response: Heating under periodic driving is a generic nonequilibrium phenomenon, and it\nis a challenging problem in nonequilibrium statistical physics to derive a\nquantitatively accurate heating rate. In this work, we provide a simple formula\non the heating rate under fast and strong periodic driving in classical and\nquantum many-body systems. The key idea behind the formula is constructing a\ntime-dependent dressed Hamiltonian by moving to a rotating frame, which is\nfound by a truncation of the high-frequency expansion of the micromotion\noperator, and applying the linear-response theory. It is confirmed for specific\nclassical and quantum models that the second-order truncation of the\nhigh-frequency expansion yields quantitatively accurate heating rates beyond\nthe linear-response regime. Our result implies that the information on heating\ndynamics is encoded in the first few terms of the high-frequency expansion,\nalthough heating is often associated with an asymptotically divergent behavior\nof the high-frequency expansion.",
        "positive": "Universality versus material dependence of fluctuation forces between\n  metallic wires: We calculate the Casimir interaction between two parallel wires and between a\nwire and a metall plate. The dielectric properties of the objects are described\nby the plasma, Drude and perfect metal models. We find that at asymptotically\nlarge separation interactions involving plasma wires and/or plates are\nindependent of the material properties, but depend on the dc conductivity\n$\\sigma$ for Drude wires. Counterintuitively, at intermediate separations the\ninteraction involving Drude wires can become independent of $\\sigma$. At\nsmaller separations, we compute the interaction numerically and observe an\napproach to the proximity approximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality in stochastic exponential growth: Recent imaging data for single bacterial cells reveal that their mean sizes\ngrow exponentially in time and that their size distributions collapse to a\nsingle curve when rescaled by their means. An analogous result holds for the\ndivision-time distributions. A model is needed to delineate the minimal\nrequirements for these scaling behaviors. We formulate a microscopic theory of\nstochastic exponential growth as a Master Equation that accounts for these\nobservations, in contrast to existing quantitative models of stochastic\nexponential growth (e.g., the Black-Scholes equation or geometric Brownian\nmotion). Our model, the stochastic Hinshelwood cycle (SHC), is an autocatalytic\nreaction cycle in which each molecular species catalyzes the production of the\nnext. By finding exact analytical solutions to the SHC and the corresponding\nfirst passage time problem, we uncover universal signatures of fluctuations in\nexponential growth and division. The model makes minimal assumptions, and we\ndescribe how more complex reaction networks can reduce to such a cycle. We thus\nexpect similar scalings to be discovered in stochastic processes resulting in\nexponential growth that appear in diverse contexts such as cosmology, finance,\ntechnology, and population growth.",
        "positive": "Phase transition properties of Bell-Lavis model: Using Monte Carlo calculations we analyze the order and the universality\nclass of phase transitions into a low density (honeycomb) phase of a triangular\nantiferromagnetic three-state Bell-Lavis model. The results are obtained in a\nwhole interval of chemical potential $\\mu$ corresponding to the honeycomb\nphase. Our results demonstrate that the phase transitions might be attributed\nto the three-state Potts universality class for all $\\mu$ values except for the\nedges of the honeycomb phase existence. At the honeycomb phase and the low\ndensity gas phase boundary the transitions become of the first order. At\nanother, honeycomb-to-frustrated phase boundary, we observe the approach to the\ncrossover from the three-state Potts to the Ising model universality class. We\nalso obtain the Schottky anomaly in the specific heat close to this edge. We\nshow that the intermediate planar phase, found in a very similar\nantiferromagnetic triangular Blume-Capel model, does not occur in the\nBell-Lavis model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Identification of clusters of companies in stock indices via Potts\n  super-paramagnetic transitions: The clustering of companies within a specific stock market index is studied\nby means of super-paramagnetic transitions of an appropriate q-state Potts\nmodel where the spins correspond to companies and the interactions are\nfunctions of the correlation coefficients determined from the time dependence\nof the companies' individual stock prices. The method is a generalization of\nthe clustering algorithm by Domany et. al. to the case of anti-ferromagnetic\ninteractions corresponding to anti-correlations. For the Dow Jones Industrial\nAverage where no anti-correlations were observed in the investigated time\nperiod, the previous results obtained by different tools were well reproduced.\nFor the Standard & Poor's 500, where anti-correlations occur, repulsion between\nstocks modify the cluster structure.",
        "positive": "Adaptation maximizes information and minimizes dissipation across\n  biological scales: Biological and living systems possess the inherent capacity to process\ninformation across spatiotemporal scales, displaying the hallmark ability to\nconstantly adapt their responses to ever-changing and complex environments. In\nthis work, we show that adaptation is a fundamental mechanism that\nspontaneously emerges when the system seeks to both maximize its information on\nexternal environments and minimize the unavoidable dissipation of its\nreceptors. Adaptive responses arise in a narrow optimal regime characterized by\nsuch information-dissipation trade-off and a maximal information gain over\ntime. Surprisingly, in systems close to optimality, the dynamics of adaptation\nreveals that the information gain is necessarily tangled with a reduction of\nthe entropy produced by microscopic processes and an increase in the efficacy\nof feedback mechanisms. Moreover, we demonstrate that adaptation necessarily\nrequires the simultaneous presence of negative feedback and a slow mechanism of\ninformation storage, while being independent of biological details. Finally, we\nemploy our framework to investigate large-scale neural adaptation in zebrafish\nlarvae subjected to repeated visual stimulation, paving the way for the\nunderstanding of the essential mechanisms that underlie adaptive behaviors and\ninformation processing in biological and living systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Super Rogers-Szeg\u00f6 polynomials associated with $BC_N$ type of\n  Polychronakos spin chains: As is well known, multivariate Rogers-Szeg\\\"o polynomials are closely\nconnected with the partition functions of the $A_{N-1}$ type of Polychronakos\nspin chains having long-range interactions. Applying the `freezing trick', here\nwe derive the partition functions for a class of $BC_N$ type of Polychronakos\nspin chains containing supersymmetric analogues of polarized spin reversal\noperators and subsequently use those partition functions to obtain novel\nmultivariate super Rogers-Szeg\\\"o (SRS) polynomials depending on four types of\nvariables. We construct the generating functions for such SRS polynomials and\nshow that these polynomials can be written as some bilinear combinations of the\n$A_{N-1}$ type of SRS polynomials. We also use the above mentioned generating\nfunctions to derive a set of recursion relations for the partition functions of\nthe $BC_N$ type of Polychronakos spin chains involving different numbers of\nlattice sites and internal degrees of freedom.",
        "positive": "Majority-vote model on hyperbolic lattices: We study the critical properties of a non-equilibrium statistical model, the\nmajority-vote model, on heptagonal and dual heptagonal lattices. Such lattices\nhave the special feature that they only can be embedded in negatively curved\nsurfaces. We find, by using Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size analysis,\nthat the critical exponents $1/\\nu$, $\\beta/\\nu$ and $\\gamma/\\nu$ are different\nfrom those of the majority-vote model on regular lattices with periodic\nboundary condition, which belongs to the same universality class as the\nequilibrium Ising model. The exponents are also from those of the Ising model\non a hyperbolic lattice. We argue that the disagreement is caused by the\neffective dimensionality of the hyperbolic lattices. By comparative studies, we\nfind that the critical exponents of the majority-vote model on hyperbolic\nlattices satisfy the hyperscaling relation\n$2\\beta/\\nu+\\gamma/\\nu=D_{\\mathrm{eff}}$, where $D_{\\mathrm{eff}}$ is an\neffective dimension of the lattice. We also investigate the effect of boundary\nnodes on the ordering process of the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat-induced liquid hovering in liquid-gas coexistence under gravity: We study a liquid-gas coexistence system in a container under gravity with\nheat flow in the direction opposite to gravity. By molecular dynamics\nsimulation, we find that the liquid buoys up and continues to float steadily.\nThe height at which the liquid floats is determined by a dimensionless\nparameter related to the ratio of the temperature gradient to gravity. We\nconfirm that supercooled gas remains stable above the liquid. We provide a\nphenomenological argument for explaining the phenomenon from a simple\nthermodynamic assumption.",
        "positive": "Machine learning at the mesoscale: a computation-dissipation bottleneck: The cost of information processing in physical systems calls for a trade-off\nbetween performance and energetic expenditure. Here we formulate and study a\ncomputation-dissipation bottleneck in mesoscopic systems used as input-output\ndevices. Using both real datasets and synthetic tasks, we show how\nnon-equilibrium leads to enhanced performance. Our framework sheds light on a\ncrucial compromise between information compression, input-output computation\nand dynamic irreversibility induced by non-reciprocal interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin glass models with Kac interactions: In this paper I will review my work on disordered systems -spin glass model\nwith two body and $p>2$ body interactions- with long but finite interaction\nrange $R$. I will describe the relation of these model with Mean Field Theory\nin the Kac limit and some attempts to go beyond mean field.",
        "positive": "Random graphs with arbitrary degree distributions and their applications: Recent work on the structure of social networks and the internet has focussed\nattention on graphs with distributions of vertex degree that are significantly\ndifferent from the Poisson degree distributions that have been widely studied\nin the past. In this paper we develop in detail the theory of random graphs\nwith arbitrary degree distributions. In addition to simple undirected,\nunipartite graphs, we examine the properties of directed and bipartite graphs.\nAmong other results, we derive exact expressions for the position of the phase\ntransition at which a giant component first forms, the mean component size, the\nsize of the giant component if there is one, the mean number of vertices a\ncertain distance away from a randomly chosen vertex, and the average\nvertex-vertex distance within a graph. We apply our theory to some real-world\ngraphs, including the world-wide web and collaboration graphs of scientists and\nFortune 1000 company directors. We demonstrate that in some cases random graphs\nwith appropriate distributions of vertex degree predict with surprising\naccuracy the behavior of the real world, while in others there is a measurable\ndiscrepancy between theory and reality, perhaps indicating the presence of\nadditional social structure in the network that is not captured by the random\ngraph."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Subordinated Langevin Equations for Anomalous Diffusion in External\n  Potentials - Biasing and Decoupled Forces: The role of external forces in systems exhibiting anomalous diffusion is\ndiscussed on the basis of the describing Langevin equations. Since there exist\ndifferent possibilities to include the effect of an external field the concept\nof {\\it biasing} and {\\it decoupled} external fields is introduced.\nComplementary to the recently established Langevin equations for anomalous\ndiffusion in a time-dependent external force-field [{\\it Magdziarz et al.,\nPhys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 101}, 210601 (2008)}] the Langevin formulation of\nanomalous diffusion in a decoupled time-dependent force-field is derived.",
        "positive": "Modular synchronization in complex networks: We study the synchronization transition (ST) of a modified Kuramoto model on\ntwo different types of modular complex networks. It is found that the ST\ndepends on the type of inter-modular connections. For the network with\ndecentralized (centralized) inter-modular connections, the ST occurs at finite\ncoupling constant (behaves abnormally). Such distinct features are found in the\nyeast protein interaction network and the Internet, respectively. Moreover, by\napplying the finite-size scaling analysis to an artificial network with\ndecentralized inter-modular connections, we obtain the exponent associated with\nthe order parameter of the ST to be $\\beta \\approx 1$ different from\n$\\beta_{\\rm MF} \\approx 1/2$ obtained from the scale-free network with the same\ndegree distribution but the absence of modular structure, corresponding to the\nmean field value."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium fluctuation theorem for systems under discrete and\n  continuous feedback control: Without violating causality, we allow performing measurements in time reverse\nprocess of a feedback manipulated stochastic system. As a result we come across\nan entropy production due to the measurement process. This entropy production,\nin addition to the usual system and medium entropy production, constitutes the\ntotal entropy roduction of the combined system of the reservoir, the system and\nthe feedback controller. We show that this total entropy production of \"full\"\nsystem satisfies an integrated fluctuation theorem as well as a detailed\nfluctuation theorem as expected. We illustrate and verify this idea through\nexplicit calculation and direct simulation in two examples.",
        "positive": "Generalised Langevin Equation Formulation for Anomalous Diffusion in the\n  Ising Model at the Critical Temperature: We consider the two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) Ising model on a square\nlattice at the critical temperature $T_c$, under Monte-Carlo spin flip\ndynamics. The bulk magnetisation and the magnetisation of a tagged line in the\n2D Ising model, and the bulk magnetisation and the magnetisation of a tagged\nplane in the 3D Ising model exhibit anomalous diffusion. Specifically, their\nmean-square displacement increases as power-laws in time, collectively denoted\nas $\\sim t^c$, where $c$ is the anomalous exponent. We argue that the anomalous\ndiffusion in all these quantities for the Ising model stems from time-dependent\nrestoring forces, decaying as power-laws in time --- also with exponent $c$ ---\nin striking similarity to anomalous diffusion in polymeric systems. Prompted by\nour previous work that has established a memory-kernel based Generalised\nLangevin Equation (GLE) formulation for polymeric systems, we show that a\nclosely analogous GLE formulation holds for the Ising model as well. We obtain\nthe memory kernels from spin-spin correlation functions, and the formulation\nallows us to consistently explain anomalous diffusion as well as anomalous\nresponse of the Ising model to an externally applied magnetic field in a\nconsistent manner."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Grand potential in thermodynamics of solid bodies and surfaces: Using the chemical potential of a solid in a dissolved state or the\ncorresponding component of the chemical potential tensor at equilibrium with\nthe solution, a new concept of grand thermodynamic potential for solids has\nbeen suggested. This allows generalizing the definition of Gibbs' quantity\n$\\sigma$ (surface work often called the solid-fluid interfacial free energy) at\na planar surface as an excess grand thermodynamic potential per unit surface\narea that (1) does not depend on the dividing surface location and (2) is\ncommon for fluids and solids.",
        "positive": "Dynamic finite-size scaling after a quench at quantum transitions: We present a general dynamic finite-size scaling theory for the quantum\ndynamics after an abrupt quench, at both continuous and first-order quantum\ntransitions. For continuous transitions, the scaling laws are naturally ruled\nby the critical exponents and the renormalization-group dimension of the\nperturbation at the transition. In the case of first-order transitions, it is\npossible to recover a universal scaling behavior, which is controlled by the\nsize behavior of the energy gap between the lowest energy levels. We discuss\nthese findings in the framework of the paradigmatic quantum Ising ring, and\nsupport the dynamic scaling laws by numerical evidence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion through permeable interfaces: Fundamental equations and their\n  application to first-passage and local time statistics: The diffusion equation is the primary tool to study the movement dynamics of\na free Brownian particle, but when spatial heterogeneities in the form of\npermeable interfaces are present, no fundamental equation has been derived.\nHere we obtain such an equation from a microscopic description using a lattice\nrandom walk model. The sought after Fokker-Planck description and the\ncorresponding backward Kolmogorov equation are employed to investigate\nfirst-passage and local time statistics and gain new insights. Among them a\nsurprising phenomenon, in the case of a semibounded domain, is the appearance\nof a regime of dependence and independence on the location of the permeable\nbarrier in the mean first-passage time. The new formalism is completely\ngeneral: it allows to study the dynamics in the presence of multiple permeable\nbarriers as well as reactive heterogeneities in bounded or unbounded domains\nand under the influence of external forces.",
        "positive": "Infinite-cluster geometry in central-force networks: We show that the infinite percolating cluster (with density P_inf) of\ncentral-force networks is composed of: a fractal stress-bearing backbone (Pb)\nand; rigid but unstressed ``dangling ends'' which occupy a finite\nvolume-fraction of the lattice (Pd). Near the rigidity threshold pc, there is\nthen a first-order transition in P_inf = Pd + Pb, while Pb is second-order with\nexponent Beta'. A new mean field theory shows Beta'(mf)=1/2, while simulations\nof triangular lattices give Beta'_tr = 0.255 +/- 0.03."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Algebraic Approach to Molecular thermodynamics: An algebraic model based on Lie-algebraic and discrete symmetry techniques is\napplied to the analysis of thermodynamic vibrational properties of molecules.\nThe local anharmonic effects are described by a Morse-like potential and the\ncorresponding anharmonic bosons are associated with the SU(2) algebra. A\nvibrational high-temperature partition function and the related thermodynamic\nfunctions are derived and studied in terms of the parameters of the model. The\nidea of a critical temperature is introduced in relation with the specific\nheat. A physical interpretation of a quantum deformation associated with the\nmodel is given.",
        "positive": "Entropic lattice Boltzmann method for microflows: A new method for the computation of flows at the micrometer scale is\npresented. It is based on the recently introduced minimal entropic kinetic\nmodels. Both the thermal and isothermal families of minimal models are\npresented, and the simplest isothermal entropic lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook\n(ELBGK) is studied in detail in order to quantify its relevance for microflow\nsimulations. ELBGK is equipped with boundary conditions which are derived from\nmolecular models (diffusive wall). A map of three-dimensional kinetic equations\nonto two-dimensional models is established which enables two-dimensional\nsimulations of quasi-two-dimensional flows. The ELBGK model is studied\nextensively in the simulation of the two-dimensional Poiseuille channel flow.\nResults are compared to known analytical and numerical studies of this flow in\nthe setting of the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook model. The ELBGK is in quantitative\nagreement with analytical results in the domain of weak rarefaction\n(characterized by Knudsen number Kn, the ratio of mean free path to the\nhydrodynamic scale), up to Kn=0.01, which is the domain of many practical\nmicroflows. Moreover, the results qualitatively agree throughout the entire\nKnudsen number range, demonstrating Knudsen's minimum for the mass flow rate at\nmoderate values of Kn, as well as the logarithmic scaling at large Kn. The\npresent results indicate that ELBM can complement or even replace\ncomputationally expensive microscopic simulation techniques such as kinetic\nMonte Carlo and/or molecular dynamics for low Mach and low Knudsen number\nhydrodynamics pertinent to microflows."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic scaling in the 2D Ising spin glass with Gaussian couplings: We carry out simulated annealing and employ a generalized Kibble-Zurek\nscaling hypothesis to study the 2D Ising spin glass with normal-distributed\ncouplings. The system has an equilibrium glass transition at temperature $T=0$.\nFrom a scaling analysis when $T\\rightarrow 0$ at different annealing\nvelocities, we extract the dynamic critical exponent $z$, i.e., the exponent\nrelating the relaxation time $\\tau$ to the system length $L$; $\\tau\\sim L^z$.\nWe find $z=13.6 \\pm 0.4$ for both the Edwards-Anderson spin-glass order\nparameter and the excess energy. This is different from a previous study of the\nsystem with bimodal couplings [S. J. Rubin, N. Xu, and A. W. Sandvik, Phys.\nRev. E {\\bf 95}, 052133 (2017)] where the dynamics is faster and the above two\nquantities relax with different exponents (and that of the energy is larger).\nWe here argue that the different behaviors arise as a consequence of the\ndifferent low-energy landscapes---for normal-distributed couplings the ground\nstate is unique (up to a spin reflection) while the system with bimodal\ncouplings is massively degenerate. Our results reinforce the conclusion of\nanomalous entropy-driven relaxation behavior in the bimodal Ising glass. In the\ncase of a continuous coupling distribution, our results presented here indicate\nthat, although Kibble-Zurek scaling holds, the perturbative behavior normally\napplying in the slow limit breaks down, likely due to quasi-degenerate states,\nand the scaling function takes a different form.",
        "positive": "Criticality of the $O(2)$ model with cubic anisotropies from\n  nonperturbative renormalization: We study the $O(2)$ model with $\\mathbb{Z}_4$-symmetric perturbations within\nthe framework of nonperturbative renormalization group (RG) for spatial\ndimensionality $d=2$ and $d=3$. In a unified framework we resolve the\nrelatively complex crossover behavior emergent due to the presence of multiple\nRG fixed points. In $d=3$ the system is controlled by the $XY$, Ising, and\nlow-$T$ fixed points in presence of a dangerously irrelevant anisotropy\ncoupling $\\lambda$. In $d=2$ the anisotropy coupling is marginal and the\nphysical picture is governed by the interplay between two distinct lines of RG\nfixed points, giving rise to nonuniversal critical behavior; and an isolated\nIsing fixed point. In addition to inducing crossover behavior in universal\nproperties, the presence of the Ising fixed point yields a generic, abrupt\nchange of critical temperature at a specific value of the anisotropy field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonuniversal prefactors in correlation functions of 1D quantum liquids: We develop a general approach to calculating \"nonuniversal\" prefactors in\nstatic and dynamic correlation functions of 1D quantum liquids at zero\ntemperature, by relating them to the finite size scaling of certain matrix\nelements (form factors). This represents a new, powerful tool for extracting\ndata valid in the thermodynamic limit from finite-size effects. As the main\napplication, we consider weakly interacting spinless fermions with an arbitrary\npair interaction potential, for which we perturbatively calculate certain\nprefactors in static and dynamic correlation functions. We also\nnon-perturbatively evaluate prefactors of the long-distance behavior of\ncorrelation functions for the exactly solvable Lieb-Liniger model of 1D bosons.",
        "positive": "Generalized Theory of Landau Damping: Collisionless damping of electrical waves in plasma is investigated in the\nframe of the classical formulation of the problem. The new principle of\nregularization of the singular integral is used. The exact solution of the\ncorresponding dispersion equation is obtained. The results of calculations lead\nto existence of discrete spectrum of frequencies and discrete spectrum of\ndispersion curves. Analytical results are in good coincidence with results of\ndirect mathematical experiments. Key words: Foundations of the theory of\ntransport processes and statistical physics; Boltzmann physical kinetics;\ndamping of plasma waves, linear theory of wave`s propagation PACS: 67.55.Fa,\n67.55.Hc"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Library Design in Combinatorial Chemistry by Monte Carlo Methods: Strategies for searching the space of variables in combinatorial chemistry\nexperiments are presented, and a random energy model of combinatorial chemistry\nexperiments is introduced. The search strategies, derived by analogy with the\ncomputer modeling technique of Monte Carlo, effectively search the variable\nspace even in combinatorial chemistry experiments of modest size. Efficient\nimplementations of the library design and redesign strategies are feasible with\ncurrent experimental capabilities.",
        "positive": "Free fermions beyond Jordan and Wigner: The Jordan-Wigner transformation is frequently utilised to rewrite quantum\nspin chains in terms of fermionic operators. When the resulting Hamiltonian is\nbilinear in these fermions, i.e. the fermions are free, the exact spectrum\nfollows from the eigenvalues of a matrix whose size grows only linearly with\nthe volume of the system. However, several Hamiltonians that do not admit a\nJordan-Wigner transformation to fermion bilinears still have the same type of\nfree-fermion spectra. The spectra of such ``free fermions in disguise\" models\ncan be found exactly by an intricate but explicit construction of the raising\nand lowering operators. We generalise the methods further to find a family of\nsuch spin chains. We compute the exact spectrum, and generalise an elegant\ngraph-theory construction. We also explain how this family admits an N=2\nlattice supersymmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unorthodox properties of critical clusters: We look at the properties of clusters of order parameter at critical points\nin thermal systems and consider their significance to statistical-mechanical\nground rules. These properties have been previously obtained through the\nsaddle-point approximation in a coarse-grained partition function. We examine\nboth static and dynamical aspects of a single large cluster and indicate that\nthese properties fall outside the canonical Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) scheme.\nSpecifically: 1) The faster than exponential growth with cluster size of the\nspace-integrated order parameter suggests nonextensivity of the BG entropy but\nextensivity of a q-entropy expression. 2) The finding that the time evolution\nof the order parameter is described by the dynamics of an intermittent\nnonlinear map implies an atypical sensitivity to initial conditions compatible\nwith q-statistics and displays an 'aging' scaling property. 3) Both, the\napproach to criticality and the infinite-size cluster limit at criticality\nmanifest through a crossover from canonical to q-statistics and we discuss the\nnonuniform convergence associated to these features. Key words: critical\nclusters, saddle-point approximation, q-entropy, intermittency, aging",
        "positive": "Smooth or shock: universality in closed inhomogeneous driven single file\n  motions: We study the nonequilibrum steady states in a unidirectional {or driven}\nsingle file motion (DSFM) of a collection of particles with hard-core repulsion\nin a closed system. For driven propulsion that is {spatially} smoothly varying\nwith a few discontinuities, we show that the steady states are broadly\nclassified into two classes, independent of any system detail: (i) when the\nsteady state current depends explicitly on the {conserved} number density $n$,\nand (ii) when it is independent of $n$. This manifests itself in the universal\ntopology of the phase diagrams {and fundamental diagrams (i.e., the current\nversus density curves) } for DSFM, which are determined solely by the interplay\nbetween {two control parameters} $n$ and the minimum propulsion speed along the\nchain.\n  Our theory can be tested in laboratory experiments on driven particles in a\nclosed geometry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Beyond Flory theory: Distribution functions for interacting lattice\n  trees: While Flory theories provide an extremely useful framework for understanding\nthe behavior of interacting, randomly branching polymers, the approach is\ninherently limited. Here we use a combination of scaling arguments and computer\nsimulations to go beyond a Gaussian description. We analyse distributions\nfunctions for a wide variety of quantities characterising the tree\nconnectivities and conformations for the four different statistical ensembles,\nwhich we have studied numerically in [Rosa and Everaers, J. Phys. A (2016,\npublished) and J. Chem. Phys. (2016, to appear)]: (a) ideal randomly branching\npolymers, (b) $2d$ and $3d$ melts of interacting randomly branching polymers,\n(c) $3d$ self-avoiding trees with annealed connectivity and (d) $3d$\nself-avoiding trees with quenched ideal connectivity. In particular, we\ninvestigate the distributions (i) $p_N(n)$ of the weight, $n$, of branches cut\nfrom trees of mass $N$ by severing randomly chosen bonds; (ii) $p_N(l)$ of the\ncontour distances, $l$, between monomers; (iii) $p_N(\\vec r)$ of spatial\ndistances, $\\vec r$, between monomers, and (iv) $p_N(\\vec r|l)$ of the\nend-to-end distance of paths of length $l$. Data for different tree sizes\nsuperimpose, when expressed as functions of suitably rescaled observables $\\vec\nx = \\vec r/\\langle r^2(N) \\rangle$ or $x =l/\\langle l(N) \\rangle$. In\nparticular, we observe a generalised Kramers relation for the branch weight\ndistributions (i) and find that all the other distributions (ii-iv) are of\nRedner-des Cloizeaux type, $q(\\vec x) = C \\, |x|^\\theta\\ \\exp \\left( -(K |x|)^t\n\\right)$. We propose a coherent framework, including generalised Fisher-Pincus\nrelations, relating most of the RdC exponents to each other and to the contact\nand Flory exponents for interacting trees.",
        "positive": "Random Walk on a Rough Surface: Renormalization Group Analysis of a\n  Simple Model: The field theoretic renormalization group is applied to a simple model of\nrandom walk on a rough fluctuating surface. We consider the Fokker--Planck\nequation for a particle in a uniform gravitational field. The surface is\nmodelled by the generalized Edwards--Wilkinson linear stochastic equation for\nthe height field. The full stochastic model is reformulated as a\nmultiplicatively renormalizable field theory, which allows for application of\nthe standard renormalization theory. The renormalization group equations have\nseveral fixed points that correspond to possible scaling regimes in the\ninfrared range (long times, large distances); all the critical dimensions are\nfound exactly. As an example, the spreading law for particle's cloud is\nderived. It has the form $R^2(t)\\simeq t^{2/\\Delta_{\\omega}}$ with the exactly\nknown critical dimension of frequency $\\Delta_{\\omega}$ and, in general,\ndiffers from the standard expression $R^2(t)\\simeq t$ for ordinary random walk."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling Behavior of the Heisenberg Model in Three Dimensions: We report on extensive numerical simulations of the three-dimensional\nHeisenberg model and its analysis through finite-size scaling of Lee-Yang\nzeros. Besides the critical regime, we also investigate scaling in the\nferromagnetic phase. We show that, in this case of broken symmetry, the\ncorrections to scaling contain information on the Goldstone modes. We present a\ncomprehensive Lee-Yang analysis, including the density of zeros and confirm\nrecent numerical estimates for critical exponents.",
        "positive": "Self-Attracting Walk on Lattices: We have studied a model of self-attracting walk proposed by Sapozhnikov using\nMonte Carlo method. The mean square displacement $ < R^2(t) > \\sim t^{2\\nu}$\nand the mean number of visited sites $ < S(t) > \\sim t^{k}$ are calculated for\none-, two- and three-dimensional lattice. In one dimension, the walk shows\ndiffusive behaviour with $\\nu=k=1/2$. However, in two and three dimension, we\nobserved a non-universal behaviour, i.e., the exponent $\\nu$ varies\ncontinuously with the strength of the attracting interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Markovian Models of Blocking in Concurrent and Countercurrent Flows: We investigate models in which blocking can interrupt a particulate flow\nprocess at any time. Filtration, and flow in micro/nano-channels and traffic\nflow are examples of such processes. We first consider concurrent flow models\nwhere particles enter a channel randomly. If at any time two particles are\nsimultaneously present in the channel, failure occurs. The key quantities are\nthe survival probability and the distribution of the number of particles that\npass before failure. We then consider a counterflow model with two opposing\nPoisson streams. There is no restriction on the number of particles passing in\nthe same direction, but blockage occurs if, at any time, two opposing particles\nare simultaneously present in the passage.",
        "positive": "Finite-temperature many-body perturbation theory for vibrations:\n  Recursions, algebraic reduction, second-quantized reduction, diagrammatic\n  rules, linked-diagram theorem, finite-temperature self-consistent field, and\n  general-order algorithm: A unified theory is presented for finite-temperature many-body perturbation\nexpansions of the anharmonic vibrational contributions to thermodynamic\nfunctions: the free energy, internal energy, and entropy. The theory is\ndiagrammatically size-consistent at any order, as ensured by the linked-diagram\ntheorem proved here, and thus applicable to molecular gases and solids on an\nequal footing. It is also a basis-set-free formalism, just like its underlying\nBose-Einstein theory, capable of summing anharmonic effects over an infinite\nnumber of states analytically. It is formulated by the\nRayleigh-Schrodinger-style recursions, generating sum-over-states formulas for\nthe perturbation series, which unambiguously converges at the\nfinite-temperature vibrational full-configuration-interaction limits. Two\nstrategies are introduced to reducing these sum-over-states formulas into\ncompact sum-over-modes analytical formulas. One is a purely algebraic method\nthat factorizes each many-mode thermal average into a product of one-mode\nthermal averages, which are then evaluated by the thermal Born-Huang rules.\nCanonical forms of these rules are proposed, dramatically expediting the\nreduction process. The other is finite-temperature normal-ordered second\nquantization, which is fully developed in this study, including a proof of\nthermal Wick's theorem and the derivation of a normal-ordered vibrational\nHamiltonian at finite temperature. The latter naturally defines a\nfinite-temperature extension of size-extensive vibrational self-consistent\nfield theory. These reduced formulas can be represented graphically as Feynman\ndiagrams with resolvent lines, which include anomalous and renormalization\ndiagrams. Two order-by-order and one general-order algorithms of computing\nthese perturbation corrections are implemented and applied up to the eighth\norder. The results show no signs of Kohn-Luttinger-type nonconvergence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the use of the energy probability distribution zeros in the study of\n  phase transitions: This contribution is devoted to cover some technical aspects related to the\nuse of the recently proposed energy probability distribution zeros in the study\nof phase transitions. This method is based on the partial knowledge of the\npartition function zeros and has been shown to be extremely efficient to\nprecisely locate phase transition temperatures. It is based on an iterative\nmethod in such a way that the transition temperature can be approached at will.\nThe iterative method will be detailed and some convergence issues that has been\nobserved in its application to the 2D Ising model and to an artificial spin ice\nmodel will be shown, together with ways to circumvent them.",
        "positive": "Dynamical topological quantum phase transitions in nonintegrable models: We consider sudden quenches across quantum phase transitions in the $S=1$ XXZ\nmodel starting from the Haldane phase. We demonstrate that dynamical phase\ntransitions may occur during these quenches that are identified by\nnonanalyticities in the rate function for the return probability. In addition,\nwe show that the temporal behavior of the string order parameter is intimately\nrelated to the subsequent dynamical phase transitions. We furthermore find that\nthe dynamical quantum phase transitions can be accompanied by enhanced two-site\nentanglement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous thermalization in ergodic systems: It is commonly believed that quantum isolated systems satisfying the\neigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) are diffusive. We show that this\nassumption is too restrictive, since there are systems that are asymptotically\nin a thermal state, yet exhibit anomalous, subdiffusive thermalization. We show\nthat such systems satisfy a modified version of the ETH ansatz and derive a\ngeneral connection between the scaling of the variance of the offdiagonal\nmatrix elements of local operators, written in the eigenbasis of the\nHamiltonian, and the dynamical exponent. We find that for subdiffusively\nthermalizing systems the variance scales more slowly with system size than\nexpected for diffusive systems. We corroborate our findings by numerically\nstudying the distribution of the coefficients of the eigenfunctions and the\noffdiagonal matrix elements of local operators of the random field Heisenberg\nchain, which has anomalous transport in its thermal phase. Surprisingly, this\nsystem also has non-Gaussian distributions of the eigenfunctions, thus directly\nviolating Berry's conjecture.",
        "positive": "Introduction to the theory of stochastic processes and Brownian motion\n  problems: These notes are an introduction to the theory of stochastic processes based\non several sources. The presentation mainly follows the books of van Kampen and\nWio, except for the introduction, which is taken from the book of Gardiner and\nthe parts devoted to the Langevin equation and the methods for solving Langevin\nand Fokker-Planck equations, which are based on the book of Risken."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-additivity of Tsallis entropies and fluctuations of temperature: We show that the non-additivity relation of the Tsallis entropies in\nnonextensive statistical mechanics has a simple physical interpretation for\nsystems with fluctuating temperature or fluctuating energy dissipation rate. We\nalso show that there is a distinguished dependence of the entropic index q on\nthe spatial scale that makes the Tsallis entropies quasi-additive.\nQuasi-additivity implies that q is a strictly monotonously decreasing function\nof the spatial scale r, as indeed observed in various experiments.",
        "positive": "Unusual Corrections to Scaling and Convergence of Universal Renyi\n  Properties at Quantum Critical Points: At a quantum critical point, bipartite entanglement entropies have universal\nquantities which are subleading to the ubiquitous area law. For Renyi\nentropies, these terms are known to be similar to the von Neumann entropy,\nwhile being much more amenable to numerical and even experimental measurement.\nWe show here that when calculating universal properties of Renyi entropies, it\nis important to account for unusual corrections to scaling that arise from\nrelevant local operators present at the conical singularity in the\nmulti-sheeted Riemann surface. These corrections grow in importance with\nincreasing Renyi index. We present studies of Renyi correlation functions in\nthe 1+1 transverse-field Ising model (TFIM) using conformal field theory,\nmapping to free fermions, and series expansions, and the logarithmic entropy\nsingularity at a corner in 2+1 for both free bosonic field theory and the TFIM,\nusing numerical linked cluster expansions. In all numerical studies, accurate\nresults are only obtained when unusual corrections to scaling are taken into\naccount. In the worst case, an analysis ignoring these corrections can get\nqualitatively incorrect answers, such as predicting a decrease in critical\nexponents with the Renyi index, when they are actually increasing. We discuss a\ntwo-step extrapolation procedure that can be used to account for the unusual\ncorrections to scaling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finding critical points using improved scaling Ansaetze: Analyzing in detail the first corrections to the scaling hypothesis, we\ndevelop accelerated methods for the determination of critical points from\nfinite size data. The output of these procedures are sequences of\npseudo-critical points which rapidly converge towards the true critical points.\nIn fact more rapidly than previously existing methods like the Phenomenological\nRenormalization Group approach. Our methods are valid in any spatial\ndimensionality and both for quantum or classical statistical systems. Having at\ndisposal fast converging sequences, allows to draw conclusions on the basis of\nshorter system sizes, and can be extremely important in particularly hard cases\nlike two-dimensional quantum systems with frustrations or when the sign problem\noccurs. We test the effectiveness of our methods both analytically on the basis\nof the one-dimensional XY model, and numerically at phase transitions occurring\nin non integrable spin models. In particular, we show how a new Homogeneity\nCondition Method is able to locate the onset of the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition making only use of ground-state\nquantities on relatively small systems.",
        "positive": "Physics of PT-Symmetric Quantum Systems at Finite Temperature: We study parity-time-symmetric non-Hermitian quantum systems at finite\ntemperature, where the Boltzmann distribution law fails to hold. To\ncharacterize their abnormal physical properties, a new quantum statistics\ntheory (the so-called quantum Liouvillian statistics theory) was developed, in\nwhich the Boltzmann distribution law was replaced by the Liouvillian-Boltzmann\ndistribution law. Using it, we derived analytical results of thermodynamic\nproperties for thermal PT systems and found that a \"continuous\" thermodynamic\nphase transition occurs at the exceptional point, where a zero-temperature\nanomaly exists."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thouless Energy Challenges Thermalization on the Ergodic Side of the\n  Many-Body Localization Transition: We study the ergodic side of the many-body localization transition in its\nstandard model, the disordered Heisenberg quantum spin chain. We show that the\nThouless energy, extracted from long-range spectral statistics and the\npower-spectrum of the full momentum distribution fluctuations, is not large\nenough to guarantee thermalization. We find that both estimates coincide and\nbehave non-monotonically, exhibiting a strong peak at an intermediate value of\nthe disorder. Furthermore, we show that non-thermalizing initial conditions\noccur well within the ergodic phase with larger probability than expected.\nFinally, we propose a mechanism, driven by the Thouless energy and the presence\nof anomalous events, for the transition to the localized phase.",
        "positive": "New Developments in the Eight Vertex Model II. Chains of odd length: We study the transfer matrix of the 8 vertex model with an odd number of\nlattice sites $N.$ For systems at the root of unity points $\\eta=mK/L$ with $m$\nodd the transfer matrix is known to satisfy the famous ``$TQ$'' equation where\n${\\bf Q}(v)$ is a specifically known matrix. We demonstrate that the location\nof the zeroes of this ${\\bf Q}(v)$ matrix is qualitatively different from the\ncase of even $N$ and in particular they satisfy a previously unknown equation\nwhich is more general than what is often called ``Bethe's equation.'' For the\ncase of even $m$ where no ${\\bf Q}(v)$ matrix is known we demonstrate that\nthere are many states which are not obtained from the formalism of the SOS\nmodel but which do satisfy the $TQ$ equation. The ground state for the\nparticular case of $\\eta=2K/3$ and $N$ odd is investigated in detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sampling properties of random graphs: the degree distribution: We discuss two sampling schemes for selecting random subnets from a network:\nRandom sampling and connectivity dependent sampling, and investigate how the\ndegree distribution of a node in the network is affected by the two types of\nsampling. Here we derive a necessary and sufficient condition that guarantees\nthat the degree distribution of the subnet and the true network belong to the\nsame family of probability distributions. For completely random sampling of\nnodes we find that this condition is fulfilled by classical random graphs; for\nthe vast majority of networks this condition will, however, not be met. We\nfurthermore discuss the case where the probability of sampling a node depends\non the degree of a node and we find that even classical random graphs are no\nlonger closed under this sampling regime. We conclude by relating the results\nto real {\\it E.coli} protein interaction network data.",
        "positive": "A generalization of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation to\n  periodically driven systems: The thermodynamic uncertainty relation expresses a universal trade-off\nbetween precision and entropy production, which applies in its original\nformulation to current observables in steady-state systems. We generalize this\nrelation to periodically time-dependent systems and, relatedly, to a larger\nclass of inherently time-dependent current observables. In the context of heat\nengines or molecular machines, our generalization applies not only to the work\nperformed by constant driving forces, but also to the work performed while\nchanging energy levels. The entropic term entering the generalized uncertainty\nrelation is the sum of local rates of entropy production, which are modified by\na factor that refers to an effective time-independent probability distribution.\nThe conventional form of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation is recovered\nfor a time-independently driven steady state and, additionally, in the limit of\nfast driving. We illustrate our results for a simple model of a heat engine\nwith two energy levels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Damage accumulation in quasi-brittle fracture: The strength of quasi-brittle materials depends on the ensemble of defects\ninside the sample and on the way damage accumulates before failure. Using large\nscale numerical simulations of the random fuse model, we investigate the\nevolution of the microcrack distribution that is directly related to the\nstrength distribution and its size effects. We show that the broadening of the\ndistribution tail originates from the dominating microcracks in each sample and\nis related to a tendency of crack coalescence that increases with system size.\nWe study how the observed behavior depends on the disorder present in the\nsample.",
        "positive": "Beyond the Boltzmann factor for corrections to scaling in ferromagnetic\n  materials and critical fluids: The Boltzmann factor comes from the linear change in entropy of an infinite\nheat bath during a local fluctuation; small systems have significant nonlinear\nterms. We present theoretical arguments, experimental data, and Monte-Carlo\nsimulations indicating that nonlinear terms may also occur when a particle\ninteracts directly with a finite number of neighboring particles, forming a\nlocal region that fluctuates independent of the infinite bath. A possible\nmechanism comes from the net force necessary to change the state of a particle\nwhile conserving local momentum. These finite-sized local regions yield\nnonlinear fluctuation constraints, beyond the Boltzmann factor. One such\nfluctuation constraint applied to simulations of the Ising model lowers the\nenergy, makes the entropy extensive, and greatly improves agreement with the\ncorrections to scaling measured in ferromagnetic materials and critical fluids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation relations for heat engines in time-periodic steady states: A fluctuation relation for heat engines (FRHE) has been derived recently. In\nthe beginning, the system is in contact with the cooler bath. The system is\nthen coupled to the hotter bath and external parameters are changed cyclically,\neventually bringing the system back to its initial state, once the coupling\nwith the hot bath is switched off. In this work, we lift the condition of\ninitial thermal equilibrium and derive a new fluctuation relation for the\ncentral system (heat engine) being in a time-periodic steady state (TPSS).\nCarnot's inequality for classical thermodynamics follows as a direct\nconsequence of this fluctuation theorem even in TPSS. For the special cases of\nthe absence of hot bath and no extraction of work, we obtain the integral\nfluctuation theorem for total entropy and the generalized exchange fluctuation\ntheorem, respectively. Recently microsized heat engines have been realized\nexperimentally in the TPSS. We numerically simulate the same model and verify\nour proposed theorems.",
        "positive": "Large Deviations in Fast-Slow Systems: The incidence of rare events in fast-slow systems is investigated via\nanalysis of the large deviation principle (LDP) that characterizes the\nlikelihood and pathway of large fluctuations of the slow variables away from\ntheir mean behavior -- such fluctuations are rare on short timescales but\nbecome ubiquitous eventually. This LDP involves an Hamilton-Jacobi equation\nwhose Hamiltonian is related to the leading eigenvalue of the generator of the\nfast process, and is typically non-quadratic in the momenta -- in other words,\nthe LDP for the slow variables in fast-slow systems is different in general\nfrom that of any stochastic differential equation (SDE) one would write for the\nslow variables alone. It is shown here that the eigenvalue problem for the\nHamiltonian can be reduced to a simpler algebraic equation for this Hamiltonian\nfor a specific class of systems in which the fast variables satisfy a linear\nequation whose coefficients depend nonlinearly on the slow variables, and the\nfast variables enter quadratically the equation for the slow variables. These\nresults are illustrated via examples, inspired by kinetic theories of turbulent\nflows and plasma, in which the quasipotential characterizing the long time\nbehavior of the system is calculated and shown again to be different from that\nof an SDE."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tree method for quantum vortex dynamics: We present a numerical method to compute the evolution of vortex filaments in\nsuperfluid helium. The method is based on a tree algorithm which considerably\nspeeds up the calculation of Biot-Savart integrals. We show that the\ncomputational cost scales as Nlog{(N) rather than N squared, where $N$ is the\nnumber of discretization points. We test the method and its properties for a\nvariety of vortex configurations, ranging from simple vortex rings to a\ncounterflow vortex tangle, and compare results against the Local Induction\nApproximation and the exact Biot-Savart law.",
        "positive": "Currents and fluctuations of quantum heat transport in harmonic chains: Heat transport in open quantum systems is particularly susceptible to the\nmodeling of system-reservoir interactions. It thus requires to consistently\ntreat the coupling between a quantum system and its environment. While\nperturbative approaches are successfully used in fields like quantum optics and\nquantum information, they reveal deficiencies, typically in the context of\nthermodynamics, when it is essential to respect additional criteria such as\nfluctuation-dissipation theorems. We use a non-perturbative approach for\nquantum dissipative dynamics based on a stochastic Liouville-von Neumann\nequation to provide a very general and extremely efficient formalism for heat\ncurrents and its correlations in open harmonic chains. Specific results are\nderived not only for first but also for second order moments which requires to\naccount for both real and imaginary parts of bath-bath correlation functions.\nSpatiotemporal patterns are compared with weak coupling calculations. The\nregime of stronger system-reservoir couplings gives rise to an intimate\ninterplay between reservoir fluctuations and heat transfer far from\nequilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A First-Order Dynamical Transition in the displacement distribution of a\n  Driven Run-and-Tumble Particle: We study the probability distribution $P(X_N=X,N)$ of the total displacement\n$X_N$ of an $N$-step run and tumble particle on a line, in presence of a\nconstant nonzero drive $E$. While the central limit theorem predicts a standard\nGaussian form for $P(X,N)$ near its peak, we show that for large positive and\nnegative $X$, the distribution exhibits anomalous large deviation forms. For\nlarge positive $X$, the associated rate function is nonanalytic at a critical\nvalue of the scaled distance from the peak where its first derivative is\ndiscontinuous. This signals a first-order dynamical phase transition from a\nhomogeneous `fluid' phase to a `condensed' phase that is dominated by a single\nlarge run. A similar first-order transition occurs for negative large\nfluctuations as well. Numerical simulations are in excellent agreement with our\nanalytical predictions.",
        "positive": "Equilibration, generalized equipartition, and diffusion in dynamical\n  Lorentz gases: We prove approach to thermal equilibrium for the fully Hamiltonian dynamics\nof a dynamical Lorentz gas, by which we mean an ensemble of particles moving\nthrough a $d$-dimensional array of fixed soft scatterers that each possess an\ninternal harmonic or anharmonic degree of freedom to which moving particles\nlocally couple. We establish that the momentum distribution of the moving\nparticles approaches a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution at a certain temperature\n$T$, provided that they are initially fast and the scatterers are in a\nsufficiently energetic but otherwise arbitrary stationary state of their free\ndynamics--they need not be in a state of thermal equilibrium. The temperature\n$T$ to which the particles equilibrate obeys a generalized equipartition\nrelation, in which the associated thermal energy $k_{\\mathrm B}T$ is equal to\nan appropriately defined average of the scatterers' kinetic energy. In the\nequilibrated state, particle motion is diffusive."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometrical aspect of susceptibility critical exponent: Critical exponent $\\gamma \\succeq 1.1$ characterizes behavior of the\nmechanical susceptibility of a real fluid when temperature approaches the\ncritical one. It results in zero Gaussian curvature of the local shape of the\ncritical point on the thermodynamic equation of state surface, which imposes a\nnew constraint upon the construction of the potential equation of state of the\nreal fluid from the empirical data. All known empirical equations of state\nsuffer from a weakness that the Gaussian curvature of the critical point is\nnegative definite instead of zero.",
        "positive": "Local constraints can globally shatter Hilbert space: a new route to\n  quantum information protection: We show how local constraints can globally \"shatter\" Hilbert space into\nsubsectors, leading to an unexpected dynamics with features reminiscent of both\nmany body localization and quantum scars. A crisp example of this phenomenon is\nprovided by a \"fractonic circuit\" - a model of quantum circuit dynamics in one\ndimension constrained to conserve both charge and dipole moment. We show how\nthe Hilbert space of the fractonic circuit dynamically fractures into\ndisconnected emergent subsectors within a particular charge and dipole symmetry\nsector. A large number of the emergent subsectors, exponentially many in the\nsize of the system, have dimension one and exhibit strictly localized quantum\ndynamics---even in the absence of spatial disorder and in the presence of\ntemporal noise. Exponentially large localized subspaces can be proven to exist\nfor any one dimensional fractonic circuit with finite spatial range, and\nprovide a potentially new route for the robust storage of quantum information.\nOther emergent subsectors display non-trivial dynamics and may be constructed\nby embedding finite sized non-trivial blocks into the localized subspace. The\nshattering of a particular symmetry sector into a distribution of dynamical\nsubsectors with varying sizes leads to the coexistence of high and low\nentanglement states, i.e. this provides a general mechanism for the production\nof quantum many body scars. We discuss the detailed pattern of fracturing and\nits implications. We also discuss other mechanisms for similarly shattering\nHilbert space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards a continuum theory of clustering in a freely cooling inelastic\n  gas: We performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the clustering\ninstability of a freely cooling dilute gas of inelastically colliding disks in\na quasi-one-dimensional setting. We observe that, as the gas cools, the shear\nstress becomes negligibly small, and the gas flows by inertia only. Finite-time\nsingularities, intrinsic in such a flow, are arrested only when close-packed\nclusters are formed. We observe that the late-time dynamics of this system are\ndescribable by the Burgers equation with vanishing viscosity, and predict the\nlong-time coarsening behavior.",
        "positive": "Kondo signature in heat transfer via a local two-state system: We study the Kondo effect in heat transport via a local two-state system.\nThis system is described by the spin-boson Hamiltonian with Ohmic dissipation,\nwhich can be mapped onto the Kondo model with anisotropic exchange coupling. We\ncalculate thermal conductance by the Monte Carlo method based on the exact\nformula. Thermal conductance has a scaling form \\kappa = (k_B^2 T_K/\\hbar)\nf(\\alpha,T/T_K ), where T_K and \\alpha indicate the Kondo temperature and\ndimensionless coupling strength, respectively. Temperature dependence of\nconductance is classified by the Kondo temperature as \\kappa\\propto (T/T_K )^3\nfor T\\ll T_K and \\kappa\\propto (k_B T / \\hbar\\omega_c)^{2\\alpha-1} for T\\gg\nT_K. Similarities to the Kondo signature in electric transport are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Obtaining efficient collisional engines via velocity dependent drivings: Brownian particles interacting sequentially with distinct temperatures and\ndriving forces at each stroke have been tackled as a reliable alternative for\nthe construction of engine setups. However they can behave very inefficiently\ndepending on the driving used for the worksource and/or when temperatures of\neach stage are very different from each other. Inspired by some models for\nmolecular motors and recent experimental studies, a coupling between driving\nand velocities is introduced as an alternative ingredient for enhancing the\nsystem performance. Here, the role of this new ingredient for levering the\nengine performance is detailed investigated from stochastic thermodynamics.\nExact expressions for quantities and distinct maximization routes have been\nobtained and investigated. The search of an optimal coupling provides a\nsubstantial increase of engine performance (mainly efficiency), even for large\n$\\Delta T$. A simple and general argument for the optimal coupling can be\nestimated, irrespective the driving and other model details.",
        "positive": "Percolation Crossing Formulas and Conformal Field Theory: Using conformal field theory, we derive several new crossing formulas at the\ntwo-dimensional percolation point. High-precision simulation confirms these\nresults. Integrating them gives a unified derivation of Cardy's formula for the\nhorizontal crossing probability $\\Pi_h(r)$, Watts' formula for the\nhorizontal-vertical crossing probability $\\Pi_{hv}(r)$, and Cardy's formula for\nthe expected number of clusters crossing horizontally $\\mathcal{N}_h(r)$. The\nmain step in our approach implies the identification of the derivative of one\nprimary operator with another. We present operator identities that support this\nidea and suggest the presence of additional symmetry in $c=0$ conformal field\ntheories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bona fide stochastic resonance under nonGaussian active fluctuations: We report on the experimental observation of stochastic resonance (SR) in a\nnonGaussian active bath without any periodic modulation. A Brownian particle\nhopping in a nanoscale double-well potential under the influence of nonGaussian\ncorrelated noise, with mean interval ${{\\tau }_{P}}$ and correlation time\n${{\\tau }_{c}}$, shows a series of equally-spaced peaks in the residence time\ndistribution at integral multiples of ${{\\tau }_{P}}$. The strength of the\nfirst peak is found to be maximum when the mean residence time ${{\\bar{\\tau\n}}_{d}}$ matches the double condition, $4{{\\tau }_{c}}\\approx {{\\tau\n}_{P}}\\approx {{\\bar{\\tau }}_{d}}\\text{/}2$, demonstrating a new type of bona\nfide SR. The experimental findings agree with a simple model that explains the\nemergence of SR without periodic modulation of the double-well potential.\nAdditionally, we show that generic SR under periodic modulation, known to\ndegrade in strongly correlated continuous noise, is recovered by the discrete\nnonGaussian kicks.",
        "positive": "Clusters' size-degree distribution for bond percolation: To address some physical properties of percolating systems it can be useful\nto know the degree distributions in finite clusters along with their size\ndistribution. Here we show that to achieve this aim for classical bond\npercolation one can use the $q \\to 1$ limit of suitably modified q-state Potts\nmodel. We consider a version of such model with the additional complex\nvariables and show that its partition function gives generating function for\nthe size and degree distribution in this limit. We derive this distribution\nanalytically for bond percolation on Bethe lattice and complete graph. The\npossibility to expand the applications of present method to other clusters'\ncharacteristics and to models of correlated percolation is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The power of choice in network growth: The \"power of choice\" has been shown to radically alter the behavior of a\nnumber of randomized algorithms. Here we explore the effects of choice on\nmodels of tree and network growth. In our models each new node has k randomly\nchosen contacts, where k > 1 is a constant. It then attaches to whichever one\nof these contacts is most desirable in some sense, such as its distance from\nthe root or its degree. Even when the new node has just two choices, i.e., when\nk=2, the resulting network can be very different from a random graph or tree.\nFor instance, if the new node attaches to the contact which is closest to the\nroot of the tree, the distribution of depths changes from Poisson to a\ntraveling wave solution. If the new node attaches to the contact with the\nsmallest degree, the degree distribution is closer to uniform than in a random\ngraph, so that with high probability there are no nodes in the network with\ndegree greater than O(log log N). Finally, if the new node attaches to the\ncontact with the largest degree, we find that the degree distribution is a\npower law with exponent -1 up to degrees roughly equal to k, with an\nexponential cutoff beyond that; thus, in this case, we need k >> 1 to see a\npower law over a wide range of degrees.",
        "positive": "Relaxation theory for perturbed many-body quantum systems versus\n  numerics and experiment: An analytical prediction is established of how an isolated many-body quantum\nsystem relaxes towards its thermal long-time limit under the action of a\ntime-independent perturbation, but still remaining sufficiently close to a\nreference case whose temporal relaxation is known. This is achieved within the\nconceptual framework of a typicality approach by showing and exploiting that\nthe time-dependent expectation values behave very similarly for most members of\na suitably chosen ensemble of perturbations. The predictions are validated by\ncomparison with various numerical and experimental results from the literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Toy model for molecular motors: A hopping model for molecular motors is presented consisting of a state with\nasymmetric hopping rates with period 2 and a state with uniform hopping rates.\nState changes lead to a stationary unidirectional current of a particle. The\ncurrent is explicitly calculated as a function of the rate of state changes,\nincluding also an external bias field. The Einstein relation between the linear\nmobility of the particle and its diffusion coefficient is investigated. The\npower input into the system is derived, as well as the power output resulting\nfrom the work performed against the bias field. The efficiency of this model is\nfound to be rather small.",
        "positive": "The N-steps Invasion Percolation Model: A new kind of invasion percolation is introduced in order to take into\naccount the inertia of the invader fluid. The inertia strength is controlled by\nthe number N of pores (or steps) invaded after the perimeter rupture. The new\nmodel belongs to a different class of universality with the fractal dimensions\nof the percolating clusters depending on N. A blocking phenomenon takes place\nin two dimensions. It imposes an upper bound value on N. For pore sizes larger\nthan the critical threshold, the acceptance profile exhibits a permanent tail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Second law, entropy production, and reversibility in thermodynamics of\n  information: We present a pedagogical review of the fundamental concepts in thermodynamics\nof information, by focusing on the second law of thermodynamics and the entropy\nproduction. Especially, we discuss the relationship among thermodynamic\nreversibility, logical reversibility, and heat emission in the context of the\nLandauer principle and clarify that these three concepts are fundamentally\ndistinct to each other. We also discuss thermodynamics of measurement and\nfeedback control by Maxwell's demon. We clarify that the demon and the second\nlaw are indeed consistent in the measurement and the feedback processes\nindividually, by including the mutual information to the entropy production.",
        "positive": "High precision Monte Carlo study of the 3D XY-universality class: We present a Monte Carlo study of the two-component $\\phi^4$ model on the\nsimple cubic lattice in three dimensions. By suitable tuning of the coupling\nconstant $\\lambda$ we eliminate leading order corrections to scaling. High\nstatistics simulations using finite size scaling techniques yield\n$\\nu=0.6723(3)[8]$ and $\\eta=0.0381(2)[2]$, where the statistical and\nsystematical errors are given in the first and second bracket, respectively.\nThese results are more precise than any previous theoretical estimate of the\ncritical exponents for the 3D XY universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "General Relation between Entanglement and Fluctuations in One Dimension: In one dimension very general results from conformal field theory and exact\ncalculations for certain quantum spin systems have established universal\nscaling properties of the entanglement entropy between two parts of a critical\nsystem. Using both analytical and numerical methods, we show that if particle\nnumber or spin is conserved, fluctuations in a subsystem obey identical scaling\nas a function of subsystem size, suggesting that fluctuations are a useful\nquantity for determining the scaling of entanglement, especially in higher\ndimensions. We investigate the effects of boundaries and subleading corrections\nfor critical spin and bosonic chains.",
        "positive": "Three-dimensional Lorentz model in a magnetic field : exact and\n  Chapman-Enskog solutions: We derive the exact solution of the Boltzmann kinetic equation for the\nthree-dimensional Lorentz model in the presence of a constant and uniform\nmagnetic field. The velocity distribution of the electrons reduces\nexponentially fast to its spherically symmetric component. In the long time\nhydrodynamic limit there remains only the diffusion process governed by an\nanisotropic diffusion tensor. The systematic way of building the Chapman-Enskog\nsolutions is described."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equivalent-neighbor Potts models in two dimensions: We investigate the two-dimensional $q=3$ and 4 Potts models with a variable\ninteraction range by means of Monte Carlo simulations. We locate the phase\ntransitions for several interaction ranges as expressed by the number $z$ of\nequivalent neighbors. For not too large $z$, the transitions fit well in the\nuniversality classes of the short-range Potts models. However, at longer ranges\nthe transitions become discontinuous. For $q=3$ we locate a tricritical point\nseparating the continuous and discontinuous transitions near $z=80$, and a\ncritical fixed point between $z=8$ and 12. For $q=4$ the transition becomes\ndiscontinuous for $z > 16$. The scaling behavior of the $q=4$ model with $z=16$\napproximates that of the $q=4$ merged critical-tricritical fixed point\npredicted by the renormalization scenario.",
        "positive": "Area covered by disks in small-bounded continuum percolating systems: An\n  application to the string percolation model: In string percolation model, the study of colliding systems at high energies\nis based on a continuum percolation theory in two dimensions where the number\nof strings distributed in the surface of interest is strongly determined by the\nsize and the energy of the colliding particles. It is also expected that the\nsurface where the disks are lying be finite, defining a system without periodic\nboundary conditions. In this work, we report modifications to the fraction of\nthe area covered by disks in continuum percolating systems due to a finite\nnumber of disks and bounded by different geometries: circle, ellipse, triangle,\nsquare and pentagon, which correspond to the first Fourier modes of the shape\nfluctuation of the initial state after the particle collision. We find that the\ndeviation of the fraction of area covered by disks from its corresponding value\nin the thermodynamic limit satisfies a universal behavior, where the free\nparameters depend on the density profile, number of disks and the shape of the\nboundary. Consequently, it is also found that the color suppression factor of\nthe string percolation model is modified by a damping function related to the\nsmall-bounded effects. Corrections to the temperature and the speed of sound\ndefined in string systems are also shown for small and elliptically bounded\nsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density Response from Kinetic Theory and Time Dependent Density\n  Functional Theory for Matter Under Extreme Conditions: The density linear response function for an inhomogeneous system of electrons\nin equilibrium with an array of fixed ions is considered. Two routes to its\nevaluation for extreme conditions (e.g., warm dense matter) are considered. The\nfirst is from a recently developed short-time kinetic equation; the second is\nfrom time-dependent density functional theory (tdDFT). The result from the\nlatter approach agrees with that from kinetic theory in the \"adiabatic\napproximation\", providing support and context for each. Both provide a\nconnection to the phenomenological Kubo-Greenwood method for calculating\ntransport properties. A brief proof of the van Leeuwen theorem (an essential\nunderpinning of tdDFT) extended to the mixed states of equilibrium ensembles is\ngiven.",
        "positive": "Weak universality, quantum many-body scars and anomalous\n  infinite-temperature autocorrelations in a one-dimensional spin model with\n  duality: We study a one-dimensional spin-$1/2$ model with three-spin interactions and\na transverse magnetic field $h$. The model has a $Z_2 \\times Z_2$ symmetry, and\na duality between $h$ and $1/h$. The self-dual point at $h=1$ is a quantum\ncritical point with a continuous phase transition. We compute the critical\nexponents $z$, $\\beta$, $\\gamma$ and $\\nu$, and the central charge $c$\nnumerically using exact diagonalization (ED) for systems with periodic boundary\nconditions. We find that both $z$ and $c$ are equal to $1$, implying that the\ncritical point is governed by a conformal field theory. The values obtained for\n$\\beta/\\nu$, $\\gamma/\\nu$, and $\\nu$ from ED suggest that the model exhibits\nAshkin-Teller criticality with an effective coupling that is intermediate\nbetween the four-state Potts model and two decoupled transverse field Ising\nmodels. An analysis on larger systems but with open boundaries using\ndensity-matrix renormalization group calculations, however, shows that the\nself-dual point may be in the same universality class as the four-state Potts\nmodel. An energy level spacing analysis shows that the model is not integrable.\nFor a system with periodic boundary conditions, there are an exponentially\nlarge number of exact mid-spectrum zero-energy eigenstates. A subset of these\neigenstates have wave functions which are independent of $h$ and have unusual\nentanglement structure, suggesting that they are quantum many-body scars. The\nnumber of such states scales at least linearly with system size. Finally, we\nstudy the infinite-temperature autocorrelation functions close to one end of an\nopen system. We find that some of the autocorrelators relax anomalously in\ntime, with pronounced oscillations and very small decay rates if $h \\gg 1$ or\n$h \\ll 1$. If $h$ is close to the critical point, the autocorrelators decay\nquickly to zero except for an autocorrelator at the end site."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The PASEP at q=-1: We investigate the partially asymmetric exclusion process (PASEP) with open\nboundaries when the reverse hopping rate of particles q=-1, using a\nrepresentation of the PASEP algebra related to the al-Salam Chihara\npolynomials. When q=-1 the representation is two-dimensional, which allows for\nstraightforward calculation of the normalization, current and density. We note\nthat these quantities behave in an a priori reasonable manner in spite of the\napparently unphysical value of q as the input, alpha, and output, beta, rates\nare varied over the physical range of 0 to 1.\n  As is well known, another two dimensional representation exists when 0<q<1\nand abq=1, where a=(1-q)/beta -1 and b=(1-q)/beta-1, and we compare the\nbehaviour at q=-1 with this. An extension to generalized boundary conditions\nwhere particles may enter and exit at both ends is briefly outlined. We also\nnote that a different representation related to the q-harmonic oscillator does\nnot admit a straightforward truncation when q=-1 and discuss why this is the\ncase from the perspective of a lattice path interpretation of the PASEP\nnormalization.",
        "positive": "Some properties of evolution equation for homogeneous nucleation period\n  under the smooth behavior of initial conditions: The properties of the evolution equation have been analyzed. The uniqueness\nand the existence of solution for the evolution equation with special value of\nparameter characterizing intensity of change of external conditions, of the\ncorresponding iterated equation have been established. On the base of these\nfacts taking into account some properties of behavior of solution the\nuniqueness of the equation appeared in the theory of homogeneous nucleation has\nbeen established. The equivalence of auxiliary problem and the real problem is\nshown."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Haldane Insulator in the 1D Nearest-Neighbor Extended Bose-Hubbard Model\n  with Cavity-Mediated Long-Range Interactions: In the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model with on-site and nearest neighbor\ninteractions, a gapped phase characterized by an exotic non-local order\nparameter emerges, the Haldane insulator. Bose-Hubbard models with\ncavity-mediated global range interactions display phase diagrams, which are\nvery similar to those with nearest neighbor repulsive interactions, but the\nHaldane phase remains elusive there. Here we study the one-dimensional\nBose-Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor and cavity-mediated global-range\ninteractions and scrutinize the existence of a Haldane Insulator phase. With\nthe help of extensive quantum Monte-Carlo simulations we find that in the\nBose-Hubbard model with only cavity-mediated global-range interactions no\nHaldane phase exists. For a combination of both interactions, the Haldane\nInsulator phase shrinks rapidly with increasing strength of the cavity-mediated\nglobal-range interactions. Thus, in spite of the otherwise very similar\nbehavior the mean-field like cavity-mediated interactions strongly suppress the\nnon-local order favored by nearest neighbor repulsion in some regions of the\nphase diagram.",
        "positive": "Some measure theory on stacks of graphs: We apply a theorem of Wick to rewrite certain classes of exponential measures\non random graphs as integrals of Feynman-Gibbs type, on the real line. The\nanalytic properties of these measures can then be studied in terms of phase\ntransitions; spaces of scale-free trees are a particularly interesting example."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transitions in a Nonequilibrium Percolation Model: We investigate the percolation properties of a two-state (occupied - empty)\ncellular automaton, where at each time step a cluster of occupied sites is\nremoved and the same number of randomly chosen empty sites are occupied again.\nWe find a finite region of critical behavior, formation of synchronized\nstripes, additional phase transitions, as well as violation of the usual\nfinite-size scaling and hyperscaling relations, phenomena that are very\ndifferent from conventional percolation systems. We explain the mechanisms\nbehind all these phenomena using computer simulations and analytic arguments.",
        "positive": "Path Integral Approach to the Nonextensive Canonical Density Matrix: Feynman's path integral is herein generalized to the nonextensive canonical\ndensity matrix based on Tsallis entropy. This generalization is done in two\nways by using unnormalized and normalized constraints. Firstly, we consider the\npath integral formulation with unnormalized constraints, and this\ngeneralization is worked out through two different ways, which are shown to be\nequivalent. These formulations with unnormalized constraints are solutions to\ntwo generalized Bloch equations proposed in this work. The first form of the\ngeneralized Bloch equation is linear, but with a temperature-dependent\neffective Hamiltonian; the second form is nonlinear and resembles the anomalous\ncorrelated diffusion equation (porous medium equation). Furthermore, we can\nextend these results to the prescription of field theory using integral\nrepresentations. The second development is dedicated to analyzing the path\nintegral formulation with normalized constraints.\n  To illustrate the methods introduced here, we analyze the free particle case\nand a non-interacting scalar field. The results herein obtained are expected to\nbe useful in the discussion of generic nonextensive contexts."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From Intracellular Traffic to a Novel Class of Driven Lattice Gas Models: Motor proteins are key players in intracellular transport processes and\nbiological motion. Theoretical modeling of these systems has been achieved by\nthe use of step processes on one-dimensional lattices. After a comprehensive\nintroduction to the total asymmetric exclusion process and some analytical\ntools, we will give a review on different lines of research attracted to the\naspects of this systems. We will focus on the generic properties of a coupling\nbetween the exclusion process and Langmuir bulk kinetics that induce\ntopological changes in the phase diagram and multi-phase coexistence.",
        "positive": "Directed percolation with a single defect site: In a recent study [arXiv:1011.3254] the contact process with a modified\ncreation rate at a single site was shown to exhibit a non-universal scaling\nbehavior with exponents varying with the creation rate at the special site. In\nthe present work we argue that the survival probability decays according to a\nstretched exponential rather than a power law, explaining previous\nobservations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions in fluctuations and their role in two-step nucleation: We consider the thermodynamic behavior of local fluctuations occurring in a\nstable or metastable bulk phase. For a system with three or more phases, a\nsimple analysis based on classical nucleation theory predicts that small\nfluctuations always resemble the phase having the lowest surface tension with\nthe surrounding bulk phase, regardless of the relative chemical potentials of\nthe phases. We also identify the conditions at which a fluctuation may convert\nto a different phase as its size increases, referred to here as a \"fluctuation\nphase transition\" (FPT). We demonstrate these phenonena in simulations of a two\ndimensional lattice model by evaluating the free energy surface that describes\nthe thermodynamic properties of a fluctuation as a function of its size and\nphase composition. We show that a FPT can occur in the fluctuations of either a\nstable or metastable bulk phase and that the transition is first-order. We also\nfind that the FPT is bracketed by well-defined spinodals, which place limits on\nthe size of fluctuations of distinct phases. Furthermore, when the FPT occurs\nin a metastable bulk phase, we show that the superposition of the FPT on the\nnucleation process results in two-step nucleation (TSN). We identify distinct\nregimes of TSN based on the nucleation pathway in the free energy surface, and\ncorrelate these regimes to the phase diagram of the bulk system. Our results\nclarify the origin of TSN, and elucidate a wide variety of phenomena associated\nwith TSN, including the Ostwald step rule.",
        "positive": "A general theory of kinetics and thermodynamics of steady-state\n  copolymerization: Kinetics of steady-state copolymerization has been investigated since 1940s.\nIrreversible terminal and penultimate models were successfully applied to a\nnumber of comonomer systems, but failed for systems where depropagation is\nsignificant. Although a general mathematical treatment of the terminal model\nwith depropagation was established in 1980s, penultimate model and higher-order\nterminal models with depropagation have not been systematically studied, since\ndepropagation leads to hierarchically-coupled and unclosed kinetic equations\nwhich are hard to be solved analytically. In this work, we propose a truncation\nmethod to solve the steady-state kinetic equations of any-order terminal models\nwith depropagation in an unified way, by reducing them into closed steady-state\nequations which give the exact solution of the original kinetic equations.\nBased on the steady-state equations, we also derive a general thermodynamic\nequality in which the Shannon entropy of the copolymer sequence is explicitly\nintroduced as part of the free energy dissipation of the whole copolymerization\nsystem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wigner Surmise For Domain Systems: In random matrix theory, the spacing distribution functions $p^{(n)}(s)$ are\nwell fitted by the Wigner surmise and its generalizations. In this\napproximation the spacing functions are completely described by the behavior of\nthe exact functions in the limits s->0 and s->infinity. Most non equilibrium\nsystems do not have analytical solutions for the spacing distribution and\ncorrelation functions. Because of that, we explore the possibility to use the\nWigner surmise approximation in these systems. We found that this approximation\nprovides a first approach to the statistical behavior of complex systems, in\nparticular we use it to find an analytical approximation to the nearest\nneighbor distribution of the annihilation random walk.",
        "positive": "Equation of state from symmetry: Equation of state (EOS) describes the thermodynamic properties of substances.\nIt has important applications in many fields such as power mechanics,\ngeophysics, astrophysics, and detonation physics. Currently, most EOSs have\nbeen constructed using the ideal gas EOS as the base framework. However, this\nis inappropriate for the substances with high pressures or low temperatures\nthat are far from the ideal gas state. Here we extract a concept of \"ideal\nsolid\" that is symmetrical with ideal gas and propose its EOS. We verify that\nthe ideal solid EOS represents the thermodynamic properties of the\nhigh-pressure and low-temperature limiting state. It indicates that the\nthermodynamic properties of substances have symmetrical characteristic. Then we\ndevelop a universal model by interpolation of the ideal gas and the ideal solid\nlimits. We verify that the universal EOS has high description accuracy in a\nwide region. The concept of ideal solid and its EOS potentially provides a new\ndirection for the development of the EOS theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Holder exponent spectra for human gait: The stride interval time series in normal human gait is not strictly\nconstant, but fluctuates from step to step in a complex manner. More precisely,\nit has been shown that the control process for human gait is a fractal random\nphenomenon, that is, one with a long-term memory. Herein we study the Holder\nexponent spectra for the slow, normal and fast gaits of 10 young healthy men in\nboth free and metronomically triggered conditions and establish that the stride\ninterval time series is more complex than a monofractal phenomenon. A slightly\nmultifractal and non-stationary time series under the three different gait\nconditions emerges.",
        "positive": "Abrupt appearance of the domain pattern and fatigue of thin\n  ferroelectric films: We study the domain structure in ferroelectric thin films with a `passive'\nlayer (material with damaged ferroelectric properties) at the interface between\nthe film and electrodes within a continuous medium approximation. An abrupt\ntransition from a monodomain to a polydomain state has been found with the\nincrease of the `passive' layer thickness $d$. The domain width changes very\nquickly at the transition (exponentially with $d^{-2}$). We have estimated the\ndielectric response $dP/dE$ (the slope of the hysteresis loop) in the\n`fatigued' multidomain state and found that it is in agreement with experiment,\nassuming realistic parameters of the layer. We derive a simple universal\nrelation for the dielectric response, which scales as $1/d$, involving only the\nproperties of the passive layer. This relation qualitatively reproduces the\nevolution of the hysteresis loop in fatigued samples and it could be tested\nwith controlled experiments. It is expected that the coercive field should\nincrease with decreasing lateral size of the film. We believe that specific\nproperties of the domain structure under bias voltage in ferroelectrics with a\npassive layer can resolve the long-standing `paradox of the coercive field'."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stationary Coverage of a Stochastic Adsorption-Desorption Process with\n  Diffusional Relaxation: We show that it is possible to derive the stationary coverage of an\nadsorption-desorption process of dimers with diffusional relaxation with a very\nsimple ansatz for the stationary distribution of the process supplemented by a\nhypothesis of global balance. Our approach is contrasted to the exact result\nand we seek to understand its validity within an instance of the model.",
        "positive": "Maxima of Two Random Walks: Universal Statistics of Lead Changes: We investigate statistics of lead changes of the maxima of two discrete-time\nrandom walks in one dimension. We show that the average number of lead changes\ngrows as $\\pi^{-1}\\ln(t)$ in the long-time limit. We present theoretical and\nnumerical evidence that this asymptotic behavior is universal. Specifically,\nthis behavior is independent of the jump distribution: the same asymptotic\nunderlies standard Brownian motion and symmetric Levy flights. We also show\nthat the probability to have at most n lead changes behaves as $t^{-1/4}[\\ln\nt]^n$ for Brownian motion and as $t^{-\\beta(\\mu)}[\\ln t]^n$ for symmetric Levy\nflights with index $\\mu$. The decay exponent $\\beta(\\mu)$ varies continuously\nwith the Levy index when $0<\\mu<2$, while $\\beta=1/4$ for $\\mu>2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evaluating the RiskMetrics Methodology in Measuring Volatility and\n  Value-at-Risk in Financial Markets: We analyze the performance of RiskMetrics, a widely used methodology for\nmeasuring market risk. Based on the assumption of normally distributed returns,\nthe RiskMetrics model completely ignores the presence of fat tails in the\ndistribution function, which is an important feature of financial data.\nNevertheless, it was commonly found that RiskMetrics performs satisfactorily\nwell, and therefore the technique has become widely used in the financial\nindustry. We find, however, that the success of RiskMetrics is the artifact of\nthe choice of the risk measure. First, the outstanding performance of\nvolatility estimates is basically due to the choice of a very short (one-period\nahead) forecasting horizon. Second, the satisfactory performance in obtaining\nValue-at-Risk by simply multiplying volatility with a constant factor is mainly\ndue to the choice of the particular significance level.",
        "positive": "Second law of thermodynamics for macroscopic mechanics coupled to\n  thermodynamic degrees of freedom: Based only on classical Hamiltonian dynamics, we prove the maximum work\nprinciple in a system where macroscopic dynamical degrees of freedom are\nintrinsically coupled to microscopic degrees of freedom. Unlike recent\nidentities between irreversible work and free energy, such as in the Jarzynski\nrelation, the macroscopic dynamics is not governed by an external action but\nundergoes the back reaction of the microscopic degrees of freedom. Our theorems\ncover such physical situations as impact between macroscopic bodies,\nthermodynamic machines, and molecular motors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multimodal stationary states in symmetric single-well potentials driven\n  by Cauchy noise: Stationary states for a particle moving in a single-well, steeper than\nparabolic, potential driven by L\\'evy noise can be bi-modal. Here, we explore\nin details conditions that are required in order to induce multimodal\nstationary states having more than two modal values. Phenomenological arguments\ndetermining necessary conditions for emergence of stationary states of higher\nmultimodality are provided. Basing on these arguments, appropriate symmetric\nsingle-well potentials are constructed. Finally, using numerical methods it is\nverified that stationary states have anticipated multimodality.",
        "positive": "Critical behavior of two-dimensional fully frustrated XY systems: We study the phase diagram of the two-dimensional fully frustrated XY model\n(FFXY) and of two related models, a lattice discretization of the\nLandau-Ginzburg-Wilson Hamiltonian for the critical modes of the FFXY model,\nand a coupled Ising-XY model. We present Monte Carlo simulations on square\nlattices $L\\times L$, $L\\lesssim 10^3$. We show that the low-temperature phase\nof these models is controlled by the same line of Gaussian fixed points as in\nthe standard XY model. We find that, if a model undergoes a unique transition\nby varying temperature, then the transition is of first order. In the opposite\ncase we observe two very close transitions: a transition associated with the\nspin degrees of freedom and, as temperature increases, a transition where\nchiral modes become critical. If they are continuous, they belong to the\nKosterlitz-Thouless and to the Ising universality class, respectively. Ising\nand Kosterlitz-Thouless behavior is observed only after a preasymptotic regime,\nwhich is universal to some extent. In the chiral case, the approach is\nnonmonotonic for most observables, and there is a wide region in which\nfinite-size scaling is controlled by an effective exponent $\\nu_{\\rm eff}\n\\approx 0.8$. This explains the result $\\nu\\approx 0.8$ of many previous\nstudies using smaller lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviations and conditioning for chaotic non-invertible\n  deterministic maps: analysis via the forward deterministic dynamics and the\n  backward stochastic dynamics: The large deviations properties of trajectory observables for chaotic\nnon-invertible deterministic maps as studied recently by N. R. Smith, Phys.\nRev. E 106, L042202 (2022) and by R. Gutierrez, A. Canella-Ortiz, C.\nPerez-Espigares, arXiv:2304.13754 are revisited in order to analyze in detail\nthe similarities and the differences with the case of stochastic Markov chains.\nTo be concrete, we focus on the simplest example displaying the two essential\nproperties of local-stretching and global-folding, namely the doubling map $\nx_{t+1} = 2 x_t [\\text{mod} 1] $ on the real-space interval $x \\in [0,1[$ that\ncan be also analyzed via the decomposition $x= \\sum_{l=1}^{+\\infty}\n\\frac{\\sigma_l}{2^l} $ into binary coefficients $\\sigma_l=0,1$. The large\ndeviations properties of trajectory observables can be studied either via\ndeformations of the forward deterministic dynamics or via deformations of the\nbackward stochastic dynamics. Our main conclusions concerning the construction\nof the corresponding Doob canonical conditioned processes are: (i) non-trivial\nconditioned dynamics can be constructed only in the backward stochastic\nperspective where the reweighting of existing transitions is possible, and not\nin the forward deterministic perspective ; (ii) the corresponding conditioned\nsteady state is not smooth on the real-space interval $x \\in [0,1[$ and can be\nbetter characterized in the binary space $\\sigma_{l=1,2,..,+\\infty}$. As a\nconsequence, the backward stochastic dynamics in the binary space is also the\nmost appropriate framework to write the explicit large deviations at level 2\nfor the probability of the empirical density of long backward trajectories.",
        "positive": "Boltzmann-type equations for multi-agent systems with label switching: In this paper, we propose a Boltzmann-type kinetic description of\nmass-varying interacting multi-agent systems. Our agents are characterised by a\nmicroscopic state, which changes due to their mutual interactions, and by a\nlabel, which identifies a group to which they belong. Besides interacting\nwithin and across the groups, the agents may change label according to a\nstate-dependent Markov-type jump process. We derive general kinetic equations\nfor the joint interaction/label switch processes in each group. For\nprototypical birth/death dynamics, we characterise the transient and\nequilibrium kinetic distributions of the groups via a Fokker-Planck asymptotic\nanalysis. Then we introduce and analyse a simple model for the contagion of\ninfectious diseases, which takes advantage of the joint interaction/label\nswitch processes to describe quarantine measures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic and Deterministic Vector Chromatography of Suspended\n  Particles in 1D-Periodic Potentials: We present a comprehensive description of vector chromatography that includes\ndeterministic and stochastic transport in 1D-periodic free-energy landscapes,\nwith both energetic and entropic contributions, and highlights the parameters\ngoverning the deflection angle, i.e. the Peclet number and the partition ratio.\nWe also investigate the dependence of the deflection angle on the shape of the\nfree-energy landscape by varying the width of the linear transitions in an\notherwise dichotomous potential. Finally, we present experimental results\nobtained in a microfluidic system in which gravity drives the suspended\nparticles and, in combination with a bottom surface patterned with shallow\nrectangular grooves, creates a periodic landscape of (potential) energy\nbarriers. The experiments validate the model and demonstrate that a simple,\npassive microdevice can lead to vector separation of colloidal particles based\non both size and density.",
        "positive": "Response to targeted perturbations for random walks on networks: We introduce a general framework, applicable to a broad class of random walks\non networks, that quantifies the response of the mean first-passage time to a\ntarget node to a local perturbation of the network, both in the context of\nattacks (damaged link) or strategies of transport enhancement (added link).\nThis approach enables to determine explicitly the dependence of this response\non geometric parameters (such as the network size and the localization of the\nperturbation) and on the intensity of the perturbation. In particular, it is\nshowed that the relative variation of the MFPT is independent of the network\nsize, and remains significant in the large size limit. Furthermore, in the case\nof non compact exploration of the network, it is found that a targeted\nperturbation keeps a substantial impact on transport properties for any\nlocalization of the damaged link."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dimensional effects in ultrathin magnetic films: Dimensional effects in the critical properties of multilayer Heisenberg films\nhave been numerically studied by Monte Carlo methods. The effect of anisotropy\ncreated by the crystal field of a substrate has been taken into account for\nfilms with various thicknesses. The calculated critical exponents demonstrate a\ndimensional transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional properties of\nthe films with an increase in the number of layers. A spin-orientation\ntransition to a planar phase has been revealed in films with thicknesses\ncorresponding to the crossover region.",
        "positive": "On the non-convergence of the Wang-Landau algorithms with multiple\n  random walkers: This paper discusses some convergence properties in the entropic sampling\nMonte Carlo methods with multiple random walkers, particularly in the\nWang-Landau (WL) and $1/t$ algorithms. The classical algorithms are modified by\nthe use of $m$ independent random walkers in the energy landscape to calculate\nthe density of states (DOS). The Ising model is used to show the convergence\nproperties in the calculation of the DOS, as well as the critical temperature,\nwhile the calculation of the number $\\pi$ by multiple dimensional integration\nis used in the continuum approximation. In each case, the error is obtained\nseparately for each walker at a fixed time, $t$; then, the average over $m$\nwalkers is performed. It is observed that the error goes as $1/\\sqrt{m}$.\nHowever, if the number of walkers increases above a certain critical value\n$m>m_x$, the error reaches a constant value (i.e. it saturates). This occurs\nfor both algorithms; however, it is shown that for a given system, the $1/t$\nalgorithm is more efficient and accurate than the similar version of the WL\nalgorithm. It follows that it makes no sense to increase the number of walkers\nabove a critical value $m_x$, since it does not reduces the error in the\ncalculation. Therefore, the number of walkers does not guarantee convergence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Level statistics for two-dimensional oscillators: We consider the level statistics of two-dimensional harmonic oscillators with\nincommensurable frequencies, which are known to have picket-fence type spectra.\nWe propose a parametric representation for the level-spacing distribution and\nlevel-number variance, and study the variation of the parameters with the\nfrequency ratio and the size of the spectra. By introducing an anharmonic\nperturbation, we observe a gradual transition to the Poisson statistics. We\ndescribe the level spectra in transition from harmonic to Poissonian statistics\nas a superposition of two independent sequences, one for each of the two\nextreme statistics. We show that this transition provides a suitable\ndescription for the evolution of the spectrum of a disordered chain with\nincreasing long range correlations between the lattice sites.",
        "positive": "Exact partial information decompositions for Gaussian systems based on\n  dependency constraints: The Partial Information Decomposition (PID) [arXiv:1004.2515] provides a\ntheoretical framework to characterize and quantify the structure of\nmultivariate information sharing. A new method (Idep) has recently been\nproposed for computing a two-predictor PID over discrete spaces.\n[arXiv:1709.06653] A lattice of maximum entropy probability models is\nconstructed based on marginal dependency constraints, and the unique\ninformation that a particular predictor has about the target is defined as the\nminimum increase in joint predictor-target mutual information when that\nparticular predictor-target marginal dependency is constrained. Here, we apply\nthe Idep approach to Gaussian systems, for which the marginally constrained\nmaximum entropy models are Gaussian graphical models. Closed form solutions for\nthe Idep PID are derived for both univariate and multivariate Gaussian systems.\nNumerical and graphical illustrations are provided, together with practical and\ntheoretical comparisons of the Idep PID with the minimum mutual information PID\n(Immi). [arXiv:1411.2832] In particular, it is proved that the Immi method\ngenerally produces larger estimates of redundancy and synergy than does the\nIdep method. In discussion of the practical examples, the PIDs are complemented\nby the use of deviance tests for the comparison of Gaussian graphical models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Application of importance sampling to the computation of large\n  deviations in non-equilibrium processes: We present an algorithm for finding the probabilities of rare events in\nnonequilibrium processes. The algorithm consists of evolving the system with a\nmodified dynamics for which the required event occurs more frequently. By\nkeeping track of the relative weight of phase-space trajectories generated by\nthe modified and the original dynamics one can obtain the required\nprobabilities. The algorithm is tested on two model systems of steady-state\nparticle and heat transport where we find a huge improvement from direct\nsimulation methods.",
        "positive": "A solvable model of quantum random optimization problems: We study the quantum version of a simplified model of optimization problems,\nwhere quantum fluctuations are introduced by a transverse field acting on the\nqubits. We find a complex low-energy spectrum of the quantum Hamiltonian,\ncharacterized by an abrupt condensation transition and a continuum of level\ncrossings as a function of the transverse field. We expect this complex\nstructure to have deep consequences on the behavior of quantum algorithms\nattempting to find solutions to these problems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo study of the magnetic critical properties of the\n  two-dimensional Ising fluid: A two-dimensional fluid of hard spheres each having a spin $\\pm 1$ and\ninteracting via short-range Ising-like interaction is studied near the second\norder phase transition from the paramagnetic gas to the ferromagnetic gas\nphase. Monte Carlo simulation technique and the multiple histogram data\nanalysis were used. By measuring the finite-size behaviour of several different\nthermodynamic quantities,we were able to locate the transition and estimate\nvalues of various static critical exponents. The values of exponents\n$\\beta/\\nu$ and $\\gamma/\\nu$ are close to the ones for the two-dimensional\nlattice Ising model. However, our result for the exponent $\\nu =1.35$ is very\ndifferent from the one for the Ising universality class.",
        "positive": "Colored minority games: We study the behavior of simple models for financial markets with widely\nspread frequency either in the trading activity of agents or in the occurrence\nof basic events. The generic picture of a phase transition between information\nefficient and inefficient markets still persists even when agents trade on\nwidely spread time-scales. We derive analytically the dependence of the\ncritical threshold on the distribution of time-scales. We also address the\nissue of market efficiency as a function of frequency. In an inefficient market\nwe find that the size of arbitrage opportunities is inversely proportional to\nthe frequency of the events on which they occur. Greatest asymmetries in market\noutcomes are concentrated on the most rare events. The practical limits of the\napplications of these ideas to real markets are discussed in a specific\nexample."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Model for Dipolar Glass and Relaxor Ferroelectric Behavior: Heat bath Monte Carlo simulations have been used to study a 12-state\ndiscretized Heisenberg model with a type of random field, for several values of\nthe randomness coupling parameter $h_R$. The 12 states correspond to the [110]\ndirections of a cube. Simple cubic lattices of size $128 \\times 128 \\times 128$\nwith periodic boundary conditions were used, and 32 samples were studied for\neach value of $h_R$. The model has the standard nonrandom two-spin exchange\nterm with coupling energy $J$ and a field which adds an energy $h_R$ to two of\nthe 12 spin states, chosen randomly and independently at each site. We provide\nresults for the cases $h_R / J =$ -2.5, -2.0, -1.5, 3.0 and 4.0. For all these\ncases except $h_R / J =$ -2.5, we see an apparently sharp phase transition at a\ntemperature $T_c$ where the specific heat and the longitudinal susceptibility\nare peaked. At $T_c$, the behavior of the peak in the structure factor, $S\n({\\bf k} )$, at small $|{\\bf k}|$ is a straight line on a log-log plot.\nHowever, the value of the slope of this line is different for $h_R /J =$ -1.5\nand 3.0 than it is for $h_R / J =$ -2.0 and 4.0. We believe that the first two\ncases are showing the behavior of a cubic fixed point in a weak random field,\nand the behavior of the second two cases are showing the behavior of an\nisotropic fixed point when the Imry-Ma length is smaller than the sample size.\nBelow $T_c$, these $L = 128$ samples show ferroelectric order, and this order\nrapidly becomes oriented along one of the eight [111] directions as $T$ is\nreduced. This rotation of the ordering direction is caused by the cubic\nanisotropy. For $h_R / J =$ -2.5, we do not see clear evidence of a single\nwell-defined $T_c$.",
        "positive": "On the Limit of the Thermodynamic Stability Superheated Crystals and\n  Mechanisms of Its Loss: Using the correlative method of unsymmetrized self-consistent field for\nstrongly anharmonic crystals, the thermodynamic stability and the mechanism its\nloss is studied for crystals with various types of the chemical bond. The\nfollowing interaction potentials are utilized: the Lennard-Jones pairwise\npotential together with Axilrod - Teller three-body one for simple van der\nWaals crystals (solid Ar), effective interionic pairwise potential proposed by\nSchiff for a metal (Na) and the Girifalco potential for fullerites (C60). In\nthe first and third cases, the FCC lattice becomes unstable because the\nisothermal bulk modulus BT becomes zero. For fullerites, the shearing\ncoefficient C44 goes to zero as well. Solid Na losses its stability when other\nshearing coefficient CT11 - CT12 becomes zero."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical test of hydrodynamic fluctuation theory in the\n  Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chain: Recent work has developed a nonlinear hydrodynamic fluctuation theory for a\nchain of coupled anharmonic oscillators governing the conserved fields, namely\nstretch, momentum, and energy. The linear theory yields two propagating sound\nmodes and one diffusing heat mode. In contrast, the nonlinear theory predicts\nthat, at long times, the sound mode correlations satisfy Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n(KPZ) scaling, while the heat mode correlations satisfies Levy-walk scaling. In\nthe present contribution we report on molecular dynamics simulations of\nFermi-Pasta-Ulam chains to compute various spatiotemporal correlation functions\nand compare them with the predictions of the theory. We find very good\nagreement in many cases, but also some deviations.",
        "positive": "Renormalization of the Lattice Boltzmann Hierarchy: Is it possible to solve Boltzmann-type kinetic equations using only a small\nnumber of particles velocities? We introduce a novel techniques of solving\nkinetic equations with (arbitrarily) large number of particle velocities using\nonly a lattice Boltzmann method on standard, low-symmetry lattices. The\nrenormalized kinetic equation is validated with the exact solution of the\nplanar Couette flow at moderate Knudsen numbers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On anomalous diffusion in a plasma in velocity space: The problem of anomalous diffusion in momentum space is considered for\nplasma-like systems on the basis of a new collision integral, which is\nappropriate for consideration of the probability transition function (PTF) with\nlong tails in momentum space. The generalized Fokker-Planck equation for\ndescription of diffusion (in momentum space) of particles (ions, grains etc.)\nin a stochastic system of light particles (electrons, or electrons and ions,\nrespectively) is applied to the evolution of the momentum particle distribution\nin a plasma. In a plasma the developed approach is also applicable to the\ndiffusion of particles with an arbitrary mass relation, due to the small\ncharacteristic momentum transfer. The cases of an exponentially decreasing in\nmomentum space (including the Boltzmann-like) kernel in the PT-function, as\nwell as the more general kernels, which create the anomalous diffusion in\nvelocity space due to the long tail in the PT-function, are considered.\nEffective friction and diffusion coefficients for plasma-like systems are\nfound.",
        "positive": "Microscopic kinetics and time-dependent structure factors: The time evolution of structure factors in the disordering process of an\ninitially phase separated lattice depends crucially on the microscopic\nmechanism which drives the disordering, such as Kawasaki dynamics or vacancy\nmediated disordering. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations show unexpected ``dips'' in\nthe structure factors, which mean-field theory completely fails to capture. The\ndisordering via vacancies is slower by a surprisingly large constant factor\ncompared to Kawasaki dynamics. A phenomenological model is introduced in order\nto understand the dips, and an analytical solution of Kawasaki dynamics is\nderived, in excellent agreement with simulations. An outline is given on how to\nextend the analytical solution to the more complicated case of a wandering\nvacancy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dimensional crossover in alternating spin chains: The effect of antiferromagnetic interchain coupling in alternating spin\n(1,1/2) chains is studied by mean of spin wave theory and density matrix\nrenormalization group(DMRG). Two limiting cases are investigated, the two-leg\nladder and its two dimensional (2D) generalization. For the 2D case, spin wave\napproximation predicts a smooth dimensional crossover keeping the ground state\nordered, whereas in the ladder case the DMRG results show a gapped ground state\nfor any $J_{\\perp}>0$. Furthermore, the behavior of the correlation functions\nclosely resemble the uniform spin-1/2 ladder. However, for small $J_{\\perp}$,\nthe gap behaves quadratically as $\\Delta\\sim0.6 J^2_{\\perp}$. Similarly to\nuniform spin chains, it is conjectured an analogous spin gap behavior for an\narbitrary number of mixed spin chains",
        "positive": "Fractional Spectral Moments for Digital Simulation of Multivariate Wind\n  Velocity Fields: In this paper, a method for the digital simulation of wind velocity fields by\nFractional Spectral Moment function is proposed. It is shown that by\nconstructing a digital filter whose coefficients are the fractional spectral\nmoments, it is possible to simulate samples of the target process as\nsuperposition of Riesz fractional derivatives of a Gaussian white noise\nprocesses. The key of this simulation technique is the generalized Taylor\nexpansion proposed by the authors. The method is extended to multivariate\nprocesses and practical issues on the implementation of the method are\nreported."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized-Ensemble Algorithms for Protein Folding Simulations: Conventional simulations of complex systems in the canonical ensemble suffer\nfrom the quasi-ergodicity problem. A simulation in generalized ensemble\novercomes this difficulty by performing a random walk in potential energy space\nand other parameter space. From only one simulation run, one can obtain\ncanonical-ensemble averages of physical quantities as functions of temperature\nby the single-histogram and/or multiple-histogram reweighting techniques. In\nthis article we review the generalized-ensemble algorithms. Three well-known\nmethods, namely, multicanonical algorithm, simulated tempering, and\nreplica-exchange method, are described first. Both Monte Carlo and molecular\ndynamics versions of the algorithms are given. We then present further\nextensions of the above three methods.",
        "positive": "Rheology of a granular gas under a plain shear: The rheology of a two-dimensional granular gas under a plane shear is\ninvestigated. From the comparison among the discrete element method, the\nsimulation of a set of hydrodynamic equation, and the analytic solution of the\nsteady equation of the hydrodynamic equations, it is confirmed that the fluid\nequations derived from the kinetic theory give us accurate results even in\nrelatively high density cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Defect Statistics in the Two Dimensional Complex Ginsburg-Landau Model: The statistical correlations between defects in the two dimensional complex\nGinsburg-Landau model are studied in the defect-coarsening regime. In\nparticular the defect-velocity probability distribution is determined and has\nthe same high velocity tail found for the purely dissipative time-dependent\nGinsburg-Landau (TDGL) model. The spiral arms of the defects lead to a very\ndifferent behavior for the order parameter correlation function in the scaling\nregime compared to the results for the TDGL model.",
        "positive": "Non-universality in the erosion of tilted landscapes: The anisotropic model for landscapes erosion proposed by Pastor-Satorras and\nRothman in [R. Pastor-Satorras and D. H. Rothman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4349\n(1998)] is believed to capture the physics of erosion at intermediate length\nscale ($\\lesssim3$ km), and to account for the large value of the roughness\nexponent $\\alpha$ observed in real data at this scale. Our study of this model\n-- conducted using the nonperturbative renormalization group (NPRG) --\nconcludes on the nonuniversality of this exponent because of the existence of a\nline of fixed points. Thus the roughness exponent depends (weakly) on the\ndetails of the soil and the erosion mechanisms. We conjecture that this\nfeature, while preserving the generic scaling observed in real data, could\nexplain the wide spectrum of values of $\\alpha$ measured for natural\nlandscapes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement negativity in a fermionic chain with dissipative defects:\n  Exact results: We investigate the dynamics of the fermionic logarithmic negativity in a\nfree-fermion chain with a localized loss, which acts as a dissipative impurity.\nThe chain is initially prepared in a generic Fermi sea. In the standard\nhydrodynamic limit of large subsystems and long times, with their ratio fixed,\nthe negativity between two subsystems is described by a simple formula, which\ndepends only on the effective absorption coefficient of the impurity. The\nnegativity grows linearly at short times, then saturating to a volume-law\nscaling. Physically, this reflects the continuous production with time of\nentangling pairs of excitations at the impurity site. Interestingly, the\nnegativity is not the same as the R\\'enyi mutual information with R\\'enyi index\n$1/2$, in contrast with the case of unitary dynamics. This reflects the\ninterplay between dissipative and unitary processes. The negativity content of\nthe entangling pairs is obtained in terms of an effective two-state mixed\ndensity matrix for the subsystems. Criticality in the initial Fermi sea is\nreflected in the presence of logarithmic corrections. The prefactor of the\nlogarithmic scaling depends on the loss rate, suggesting a nontrivial interplay\nbetween dissipation and criticality.",
        "positive": "Particle Systems with Stochastic Passing: We study a system of particles moving on a line in the same direction.\n  Passing is allowed and when a fast particle overtakes a slow particle, it\nacquires a new velocity drawn from a distribution P_0(v), while the slow\nparticle remains unaffected. We show that the system reaches a steady state if\nP_0(v) vanishes at its lower cutoff; otherwise, the system evolves\nindefinitely."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conformal invariance and vector operators in the $O(N)$ model: It is widely expected that, for a large class of models, scale invariance\nimplies conformal invariance. A sufficient condition for this to happen is that\nthere exists no integrated vector operator, invariant under all internal\nsymmetries of the model, with scaling dimension $-1$. In this article, we\ncompute the scaling dimensions of vector operators with lowest dimensions in\nthe $O(N)$ model. We use three different approximation schemes: $\\epsilon$\nexpansion, large $N$ limit and third order of the Derivative Expansion of\nNon-Perturbative Renormalization Group equations. We find that the scaling\ndimensions of all considered integrated vector operators are always much larger\nthan $-1$. This strongly supports the existence of conformal invariance in this\nmodel. For the Ising model, an argument based on correlation functions\ninequalities was derived, which yields a lower bound for the scaling dimension\nof the vector perturbations. We generalize this proof to the case of the $O(N)$\nmodel with $N\\in \\left\\lbrace 2,3,4 \\right\\rbrace$.",
        "positive": "Precision calculation of critical exponents in the $O(N)$ universality\n  classes with the nonperturbative renormalization group: We compute the critical exponents $\\nu$, $\\eta$ and $\\omega$ of $O(N)$ models\nfor various values of $N$ by implementing the derivative expansion of the\nnonperturbative renormalization group up to next-to-next-to-leading order\n[usually denoted $\\mathcal{O}(\\partial^4)$]. We analyze the behavior of this\napproximation scheme at successive orders and observe an apparent convergence\nwith a small parameter -- typically between $1/9$ and $1/4$ -- compatible with\nprevious studies in the Ising case. This allows us to give well-grounded error\nbars. We obtain a determination of critical exponents with a precision which is\nsimilar or better than those obtained by most field theoretical techniques. We\nalso reach a better precision than Monte-Carlo simulations in some physically\nrelevant situations. In the $O(2)$ case, where there is a longstanding\ncontroversy between Monte-Carlo estimates and experiments for the specific heat\nexponent $\\alpha$, our results are compatible with those of Monte-Carlo but\nclearly exclude experimental values."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-ranged correlations in large deviations of local clustering: In systems of diffusing particles, we investigate large deviations of a\ntime-averaged measure of clustering around one particle. We focus on biased\nensembles of trajectories, which realise large-deviation events. The bias acts\non a single particle, but elicits a response that spans the whole system.\n  We analyse this effect through the lens of Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory,\nfocussing on the coupling of the bias to hydrodynamic modes. This explains that\nthe dynamical free energy has non-trivial scaling relationships with the system\nsize, in 1 and 2 spatial dimensions.\n  We show that the long-ranged response to a bias on one particle also has\nconsequences when biasing two particles.",
        "positive": "Surface diffusion and low vibrational motion with interacting\n  adsorbates: A shot noise description: Here, an approach in terms of shot noise is proposed to study and\ncharacterize surface diffusion and low vibrational motion when having\ninteracting adsorbates on surfaces. In what we call statistical limit, that is,\nat long times and high number of collisions, one expects that diffusing\nparticles display an essential Markovian behavior. Accordingly, the action of\nthe pairwise potentials accounting for particle-particle collisions is\nequivalent to considering a shot noise acting on a single particle. We call\nthis approach the interacting single adsorbate approximation, which gathers\nthree important advantages: (i) the dynamics underlying surface diffusion and\nlow vibrational motion can be easily understood in terms of relatively simple\nstochastic processes; (ii) from our model, appropriate (and well justified)\nworking formulas are easily obtained, which explain the results arising from\nmore complicated (but commonly used) molecular dynamics simulations within the\nLangevin formulation; and (iii), at the same time, it is less demanding\ncomputationally than the latter type of calculations. In order to illustrate\nthe application of this model, numerical results are presented. Specially, our\nmodel reproduces the experimental observation regarding the broadening of the\nquasielastic peak ruling surface diffusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport and entanglement across integrable impurities from Generalized\n  Hydrodynamics: Quantum impurity models (QIMs) are ubiquitous throughout physics. As\nsimplified toy models they provide crucial insights for understanding more\ncomplicated strongly correlated systems, while in their own right are accurate\ndescriptions of many experimental platforms. In equilibrium, their physics is\nwell understood and have proven a testing ground for many powerful theoretical\ntools, both numerical and analytical, in use today. Their non-equilibrium\nphysics is much less studied and understood. However, the recent advancements\nin non equilibrium integrable quantum systems through the development of\ngeneralized hydrodynamics (GHD) coupled with the fact that many archetypal QIMs\nare in fact integrable presents an enticing opportunity to enhance our\nunderstanding of these systems. We take a step towards this by expanding the\nframework of GHD to incorporate integrable interacting QIMs. We present a set\nof Bethe-Boltzmann type equations which incorporate the effects of impurity\nscattering and discuss the new aspects which include entropy production. These\nimpurity GHD equations are then used to study a bipartioning quench wherein a\nrelevant backscattering impurity is included at the location of the\nbipartition. The density and current profiles are studied as a function of the\nimpurity strength and expressions for the entanglement entropy and full\ncounting statistics are derived.",
        "positive": "Bounds on fluctuations for finite-time quantum Otto cycle: For finite-time quantum Otto heat engine with working fluid consisting of\neither a (i) qubit or (ii) a harmonic oscillator, we show that the relative\nfluctuation of output work is always greater than the corresponding relative\nfluctuation of input heat absorbed from the hot bath. As a result, the ratio\nbetween the work fluctuation and the input heat fluctuation receives a lower\nbound in terms of the square value of the average efficiency of the engine. The\nsaturation of the lower bound is received in the quasi-static limit of the\nengine and can be shown for a class of working fluids that follow a\nscale-invariant energy eigenspectra under driving."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical crossovers in prethermal critical states: We study the prethermal dynamics of an interacting quantum field theory with\na N-component order parameter and $O(N)$ symmetry, suddenly quenched in the\nvicinity of a dynamical critical point. Depending on the initial conditions,\nthe evolution of the order parameter, and of the response and correlation\nfunctions, can exhibit a temporal crossover between universal dynamical scaling\nregimes governed, respectively, by a quantum and a classical prethermal fixed\npoint, as well as a crossover from a Gaussian to a non-Gaussian prethermal\ndynamical scaling. Together with a recent experiment, this suggests that\nquenches may be used in order to explore the rich variety of dynamical critical\npoints occurring in the non-equilibrium dynamics of a quantum many-body system.\nWe illustrate this fact by using a combination of renormalization group\ntechniques and a non-perturbative large-$N$ limit.",
        "positive": "Stability analysis of the Hindmarsh-Rose neuron under electromagnetic\n  induction: We consider the Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model modified by taking into account\nthe effect of electromagnetic induction on membrane potential. We study the\nimpact of the magnetic flux on the neuron dynamics, through the analysis of the\nstability of fixed points. Increasing magnetic flux reduces the number of\nequilibrium points and favors their stability. Therefore, electromagnetic\ninduction tends to regularize chaotic regimes and to affect regular and\nquasi-regular ones by reducing the number of spikes or even destroying the\noscillations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Singular relaxation of a random walk in a box with a Metropolis Monte\n  Carlo dynamics: We study analytically the relaxation eigenmodes of a simple Monte Carlo\nalgorithm, corresponding to a particle in a box which moves by uniform random\njumps. Moves outside of the box are rejected. At long times, the system\napproaches the equilibrium probability density, which is uniform inside the\nbox. We show that the relaxation towards this equilibrium is unusual: for a\njump length comparable to the size of the box, the number of relaxation\neigenmodes can be surprisingly small, one or two. We provide a complete\nanalytic description of the transition between these two regimes. When only a\nsingle relaxation eigenmode is present, a suitable choice of the symmetry of\nthe initial conditions gives a localizing decay to equilibrium. In this case,\nthe deviation from equilibrium concentrates at the edges of the box where the\nrejection probability is maximal. Finally, in addition to the relaxation\nanalysis of the master equation, we also describe the full eigen-spectrum of\nthe master equation including its sub-leading eigen-modes.",
        "positive": "Autocorrelation functions in phase-ordering kinetics from local\n  scale-invariance: The explicit calculation of the scaling form of the two-time autocorrelation\nfunction in phase-ordering kinetics and in those cases of non-equilibrium\ncritical dynamics where the dynamical exponent z=2 through the extension of\ndynamical scaling to local scale-invariance is reviewed. Conceptually, this\nmainly requires an extension from the usually considered d-dimensional ageing\nor Schr\\\"odinger algebras to a new kind of representation of the conformal\nalgebra in d+2 dimensions. Explicit tests in several exactly solved models of\nsimple magnets and through simulations in the 2D Ising and q-states Potts\nmodels (q=2,3,8) quenched to T<T_c are presented and the extension to systems\nwith non-equilibrium steady-states is discussed through two exactly solvable\nmodels as well. In the context of surface growth models, possible\ngeneralizations for a dynamical exponent z=4 and beyond are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dispersion of the time spent in a state: General expression for\n  unicyclic model and dissipation-less precision: We compare the relation between dispersion and dissipation for two random\nvariables that can be used to characterize the precision of a Brownian clock.\nThe first random variable is the current between states. In this case, a\ncertain precision requires a minimal energetic cost determined by a known\nthermodynamic uncertainty relation. We introduce a second random variable that\nis a certain linear combination of two random variables, each of which is the\ntime a stochastic trajectory spends in a state. Whereas the first moment of\nthis random variable is equal to the average probability current, its\ndispersion is generally different from the dispersion associated with the\ncurrent. Remarkably, for this second random variable a certain precision can be\nobtained with an arbitrarily low energy dissipation, in contrast to the\nthermodynamic uncertainty relation for the current. As a main technical\nachievement, we provide an exact expression for the dispersion related to the\ntime that a stochastic trajectory spends in a cluster of states for a general\nunicyclic network.",
        "positive": "Generalized Lyapunov exponents of the random harmonic oscillator:\n  cumulant expansion approach: The cumulant expansion is used to estimate generalized Lyapunov exponents of\nthe random-frequency harmonic oscillator. Three stochastic processes are\nconsidered: Gaussian white noise, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck, and Poisson shot noise.\nIn some cases, nontrivial numerical difficulties arise. These are mostly solved\nby implementing an appropriate importance-sampling Montecarlo scheme. We\nanalyze the relation between random-frequency oscillators and many-particle\nsystems with pairwise interactions like the Lennard-Jones gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Universal Critical Behaviour of Two-Dimensional Ising Systems: Two conditions are derived for Ising models to show non-universal critical\nbehaviour, namely conditions concerning 1) logarithmic singularity of the\nspecific heat and 2) degeneracy of the ground state. These conditions are\nsatisfied with the eight-vertex model, the Ashkin-Teller model, some Ising\nmodels with short- or long-range interactions and even Ising systems without\nthe translational or the rotational invariance.",
        "positive": "Logarithmic Finite-Size Effects on Interfacial Free Energies:\n  Phenomenological Theory and Monte Carlo Studies: The computation of interfacial free energies between coexisting phases\n(e.g.~saturated vapor and liquid) by computer simulation methods is still a\nchallenging problem due to the difficulty of an atomistic identification of an\ninterface, and due to interfacial fluctuations on all length scales. The\napproach to estimate the interfacial tension from the free energy excess of a\nsystem with interfaces relative to corresponding single-phase systems does not\nsuffer from the first problem but still suffers from the latter. Considering\n$d$-dimensional systems with interfacial area $L^{d-1}$ and linear dimension\n$L_z$ in the direction perpendicular to the interface, it is argued that the\ninterfacial fluctuations cause logarithmic finite-size effects of order $\\ln\n(L) / L^{d-1}$ and order $\\ln (L_z)/L ^{d-1}$, in addition to regular\ncorrections (with leading order $\\text{const}/L^{d-1}$). A phenomenological\ntheory predicts that the prefactors of the logarithmic terms are universal (but\ndepend on the applied boundary conditions and the considered statistical\nensemble). The physical origin of these corrections are the translational\nentropy of the interface as a whole, \"domain breathing\" (coupling of\ninterfacial fluctuations to the bulk order parameter fluctuations of the\ncoexisting domains), and capillary waves. Using a new variant of the ensemble\nswitch method, interfacial tensions are found from Monte Carlo simulations of\n$d=2$ and $d=3$ Ising models and a Lennard Jones fluid. The simulation results\nare fully consistent with the theoretical predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics from relative entropy: Thermodynamics is usually developed starting from entropy and the maximum\nentropy principle. We investigate here to what extent one can replace entropy\nwith relative entropy which has several advantages, for example in the context\nof local quantum field theory. We find that the principle of maximum entropy\ncan be replaced by a principle of minimum expected relative entropy. Various\nensembles and their thermodynamic potentials can be defined through relative\nentropy. We also show that thermal fluctuations are in fact governed by a\nrelative entropy. Furthermore we reformulate the third law of thermodynamics\nusing relative entropy only.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics of small-scale systems: Small thermodynamic systems exhibit peculiar behavior different from that\nobserved in long-scale systems. Non-equilibrium processes taking place in those\nsystems are strongly influenced by the presence of fluctuations which can be\nlarge. Contributions to the free energy which vanish at the infinite number of\nparticles limit cannot be neglected and may exert an important influence on the\ndynamics. We show that in spite of these important differences, the method of\nnon-equilibrium thermodynamics still applies when reducing the size of the\nsystem. By using this method, assumption of local equilibrium at the mesoscale\nthereby leads to the formulation of a mesoscopic nonequilibrium thermodynamics\nfrom which expressions for the non-equilibrium currents and kinetic equations\nfor the probability density can be obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization of oscillators with long range interaction: phase\n  transition and anomalous finite size effects: Synchronization in a lattice of a finite population of phase oscillators with\nalgebraically decaying, non-normalized coupling is studied by numerical\nsimulations. A critical level of decay is found, below which full locking takes\nplace if the population contains a sufficiently large number of elements. For\nlarge number of oscillators and small coupling constant, numerical simulations\nand analytical arguments indicate that a phase transition separating\nsynchronization from incoherence appears at a decay exponent value equal to the\nnumber of dimensions of the lattice. In contrast with earlier results on\nsimilar systems with normalized coupling, we have indication that for the decay\nexponent less than the dimensions of the lattice and for large populations,\nsynchronization is possible even if the coupling is arbitarily weak. This\nfinding suggests that in organisms interacting through slowly decaying signals\nlike light or sound, collective oscillations can always be established if the\npopulation is sufficiently large.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibirum steady state for harmonically-confined active particles: We study the full nonequilibirum steady state distribution\n$P_{\\text{st}}\\left(X\\right)$ of the position $X$ of a damped particle confined\nin a harmonic trapping potential and experiencing active noise, whose\ncorrelation time $\\tau_c$ is assumed to be very short. Typical fluctuations of\n$X$ are governed by a Boltzmann distribution with an effective temperature that\nis found by approximating the noise as white Gaussian thermal noise. However,\nlarge deviations of $X$ are described by a non-Boltzmann steady-state\ndistribution. We find that, in the limit $\\tau_c \\to 0$, they display the\nscaling behavior $P_{\\text{st}}\\left(X\\right)\\sim\ne^{-s\\left(X\\right)/\\tau_{c}}$, where $s\\left(X\\right)$ is the large-deviation\nfunction. We obtain an expression for $s\\left(X\\right)$ for a general active\nnoise, and calculate it exactly for the particular case of telegraphic\n(dichotomous) noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Thermalization in an Integrable Lattice System: After a quench, observables in an integrable system may not relax to the\nstandard thermal values, but can relax to the ones predicted by the generalized\nGibbs ensemble (GGE) [M. Rigol et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 050405 (2007)]. The\nGGE has been shown to accurately describe observables in various\none-dimensional integrable systems, but the origin of its success is not fully\nunderstood. Here we introduce a microcanonical version of the GGE and provide a\njustification of the GGE based on a generalized interpretation of the\neigenstate thermalization hypothesis, which was previously introduced to\nexplain thermalization of nonintegrable systems. We study relaxation after a\nquench of one-dimensional hard-core bosons in an optical lattice. Exact\nnumerical calculations for up to 10 particles on 50 lattice sites (~10^10\neigenstates) validate our approach.",
        "positive": "Scaling Analysis of the Site-Diluted Ising Model in Two Dimensions: A combination of recent numerical and theoretical advances are applied to\nanalyze the scaling behaviour of the site-diluted Ising model in two\ndimensions, paying special attention to the implications for multiplicative\nlogarithmic corrections. The analysis focuses primarily on the odd sector of\nthe model (i.e., that associated with magnetic exponents), and in particular on\nits Lee-Yang zeros, which are determined to high accuracy. Scaling relations\nare used to connect to the even (thermal) sector, and a first analysis of the\ndensity of zeros yields information on the specific heat and its corrections.\nThe analysis is fully supportive of the strong scaling hypothesis and of the\nscaling relations for logarithmic corrections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficiency analysis of diffusion on T-fractals in the sense of random\n  walks: Efficiently controlling the diffusion process is crucial in the study of\ndiffusion problem in complex systems. In the sense of random walks with a\nsingle trap, mean trapping time(MTT) and mean diffusing time(MDT) are good\nmeasures of trapping efficiency and diffusion efficiency respectively. They\nboth vary with the location of the node. In this paper, we study random walks\non T-fractal and provided general methods to calculate the MTT for any target\nnode and the MDT for any source node. Using the MTT and the MDT as the measure\nof trapping efficiency and diffusion efficiency respectively, we compare the\ntrapping efficiency and diffusion efficiency among all nodes of T-fractal and\nfind the best (or worst) trapping sites and the best (or worst) diffusing\nsites. Our results show that: the hub node of T-fractal is the best trapping\nsite, but it is also the worst diffusing site, the three boundary nodes are the\nworst trapping sites, but they are also the best diffusing sites. Comparing the\nminimum and maximum of MTT and MDT, we found that the maximum of MTT is almost\n$6$ times of the minimum for MTT and the maximum of MDT is almost equal to the\nminimum for MDT. These results show that the location of target node has big\neffect on the trapping efficiency, but the location of source node almost has\nno effect on diffusion efficiency. We also conducted numerical simulation to\ntest the results we have derived, the results we derived are consistent with\nthose obtained by numerical simulation.",
        "positive": "On the nonlinear stochastic dynamics of a continuous system with\n  discrete attached elements: This paper presents a theoretical study on the influence of a discrete\nelement in the nonlinear dynamics of a continuous mechanical system subject to\nrandomness in the model parameters. This system is composed by an elastic bar,\nattached to springs and a lumped mass, with a random elastic modulus and\nsubjected to a Gaussian white-noise distributed external force. One can note\nthat the dynamic behavior of the bar is significantly altered when the lumped\nmass is varied, becoming, on the right extreme and for large values of the\nconcentrated mass, similar to a mass-spring system. It is also observed that\nthe system response is more influenced by the randomness for small values of\nthe lumped mass. The study conducted also show an irregular distribution of\nenergy through the spectrum of frequencies, asymmetries and multimodal behavior\nin the probability distributions of the lumped mass velocity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temporally ordered collective creep and dynamic transition in the\n  charge-density-wave conductor NbSe3: We have observed an unusual form of creep at low temperatures in the\ncharge-density-wave (CDW) conductor NbSe$_3$. This creep develops when CDW\nmotion becomes limited by thermally-activated phase advance past individual\nimpurities, demonstrating the importance of local pinning and related\nshort-length-scale dynamics. Unlike in vortex lattices, elastic collective\ndynamics on longer length scales results in temporally ordered motion and a\nfinite threshold field. A first-order dynamic phase transition from creep to\nhigh-velocity sliding produces \"switching\" in the velocity-field\ncharacteristic.",
        "positive": "TMI: Thermodynamic inference of data manifolds: The Gibbs-Boltzmann distribution offers a physically interpretable way to\nmassively reduce the dimensionality of high dimensional probability\ndistributions where the extensive variables are `features' and the intensive\nvariables are `descriptors'. However, not all probability distributions can be\nmodeled using the Gibbs-Boltzmann form. Here, we present TMI: TMI, {\\bf\nT}hermodynamic {\\bf M}anifold {\\bf I}nference; a thermodynamic approach to\napproximate a collection of arbitrary distributions. TMI simultaneously learns\nfrom data intensive and extensive variables and achieves dimensionality\nreduction through a multiplicative, positive valued, and interpretable\ndecomposition of the data. Importantly, the reduced dimensional space of\nintensive parameters is not homogeneous. The Gibbs-Boltzmann distribution\ndefines an analytically tractable Riemannian metric on the space of intensive\nvariables allowing us to calculate geodesics and volume elements. We discuss\nthe applications of TMI with multiple real and artificial data sets. Possible\nextensions are discussed as well."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deterministic model of battery, uphill currents and non-equilibrium\n  phase transitions: We consider point particles in a table made of two circular cavities\nconnected by two rectangular channels, forming a closed loop under periodic\nboundary conditions. In the first channel, a bounce--back mechanism acts when\nthe number of particles flowing in one direction exceeds a given threshold $T$.\nIn that case, the particles invert their horizontal velocity, as if colliding\nwith vertical walls. The second channel is divided in two halves parallel to\nthe first, but located in the opposite sides of the cavities. In the second\nchannel, motion is free. We show that, suitably tuning the sizes of cavities,\nof the channels and of $T$, non--equilibrium phase transitions take place in\nthe $N\\rightarrow \\infty$ limit. This induces a stationary current in the\ncircuit, thus modeling a kind of battery, although our model is deterministic,\nconservative, and time reversal invariant.",
        "positive": "Anderson localization on the Bethe lattice: non-ergodicity of extended\n  states: Statistical analysis of the eigenfunctions of the Anderson tight-binding\nmodel with on-site disorder on regular random graphs strongly suggests that the\nextended states are multifractal at any finite disorder. The spectrum of\nfractal dimensions $f(\\alpha)$ defined in Eq.(3), remains positive for $\\alpha$\nnoticeably far from 1 even when the disorder is several times weaker than the\none which leads to the Anderson localization, i.e. the ergodicity can be\nreached only in the absence of disorder. The one-particle multifractality on\nthe Bethe lattice signals on a possible inapplicability of the equipartition\nlaw to a generic many-body quantum system as long as it remains isolated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Second-order phase transition in the Heisenberg model on a triangular\n  lattice with competing interactions: We discover an example where the dissociation of the Z2 vortices occurs at\nthe second-order phase transition point. We investigate the nature of phase\ntransition in a classical Heisenberg model on a distorted triangular lattice\nwith competing interactions. The order parameter space of the model is\nSO(3)xZ2. The dissociation of the Z2 vortices which comes from SO(3) and a\nsecond-order phase transition with Z2 symmetry breaking occur at the same\ntemperature. We also find that the second-order phase transition belongs to the\nuniversality class of the two-dimensional Ising model.",
        "positive": "Theory and Simulation of the Ising Model: We have provided a concise introduction to the Ising model as one of the most\nimportant models in statistical mechanics and in studying the phenomenon of\nphase transition. The required theoretical background and derivation of the\nHamiltonian of the model have also been presented. We finally have discussed\nthe computational method and details to numerically solve the two- and\nthree-dimensional Ising problems using Monte Carlo simulations. The related\ncomputer codes in both Python and Fortran, as well as a simulation trick to\nvisualize the spin lattice, have also been provided."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Regimes of quantum degeneracy in trapped 1D gases: We discuss the regimes of quantum degeneracy in a trapped 1D gas and obtain\nthe diagram of states. Three regimes have been identified: the BEC regimes of a\ntrue condensate and quasicondensate, and the regime of a trapped gas of Tonks\n(gas of impenetrable bosons). The presence of a sharp cross-over to the BEC\nregime requires extremely small interaction between particles. We discuss how\nto distinguish between true and quasicondensates in phase coherence\nexperiments.",
        "positive": "Finite temperature dynamical quantum phase transition in a non-Hermitian\n  system: We investigate the interplay between the non-Hermiticity and finite\ntemperature in the context of mixed state dynamical quantum phase transition\n(MSDQPT). We consider a $p$-wave superconductor model, encompassing complex\nhopping and non-Hermiticity that can lead to gapless phases in addition to\ngapped phases, to examine the MSDQPT and winding number via the intra-phase\nquench. We find that the MSDQPT is always present irrespective of the gap\nstructure of the underlying phase, however, the profile of Fisher zeros changes\nbetween the above phases. Such occurrences of MSDQPT are in contrast to the\nzero-temperature case where DQPT does not take place for the gapped phase.\nSurprisingly, the half-integer jumps in winding number at zero-temperature are\nwashed away for finite temperature in the gapless phase. We study the evolution\nof the minimum time required by the system to experience MSDQPT with the\ninverse temperature such that gapped and gapless phases can be differentiated.\nOur study indicates that the minimum time shows monotonic (non-monotonic)\nbehavior for the gapped (gapless) phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy of Open Lattice Systems: We investigate the behavior of the Gibbs-Shannon entropy of the stationary\nnonequilibrium measure describing a one-dimensional lattice gas, of L sites,\nwith symmetric exclusion dynamics and in contact with particle reservoirs at\ndifferent densities. In the hydrodynamic scaling limit, L to infinity, the\nleading order (O(L)) behavior of this entropy has been shown by Bahadoran to be\nthat of a product measure corresponding to strict local equilibrium; we compute\nthe first correction, which is O(1). The computation uses a formal expansion of\nthe entropy in terms of truncated correlation functions; for this system the\nk-th such correlation is shown to be O(L^{-k+1}). This entropy correction\ndepends only on the scaled truncated pair correlation, which describes the\ncovariance of the density field. It coincides, in the large L limit, with the\ncorresponding correction obtained from a Gaussian measure with the same\ncovariance.",
        "positive": "Random matrix ensembles from nonextensive entropy: The classical Gaussian ensembles of random matrices can be constructed by\nmaximizing Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon's entropy,\n  S_{BGS} = - \\int d{\\bf H} [P({\\bf H})] \\ln [P({\\bf H})], with suitable\nconstraints. Here we construct and analyze random-matrix ensembles arising from\nthe generalized entropy S_q = (1 - \\int d{\\bf H} [P({\\bf H})]^q)/(q-1) (thus\nS_1=S_{BGS}). The resulting ensembles are characterized by a parameter q\nmeasuring the degree of nonextensivity of the entropic form. Making q -> 1\nrecovers the Gaussian ensembles. If q \\ne 1, the joint probability\ndistributions P(\\bf H) cannot be factorized, i.e., the matrix elements of \\bf H\nare correlated. In the limit of large matrices two different regimes are\nobserved. When q<1, P(\\bf H) has compact support, and the fluctuations tend\nasymptotically to those of the Gaussian ensembles. Anomalies appear for q>1:\nBoth P(\\bf H) and the marginal distributions P(H_{ij}) show power-law tails.\nNumerical analyses reveal that the nearest-neighbor spacing distribution is\nalso long-tailed (not Wigner-Dyson) and, after proper scaling, very close to\nthe result for the 2 x 2 case -- a generalization of Wigner's surmise. We\ndiscuss connections of these \"nonextensive\" ensembles with other non-Gaussian\nones, like the so-called L\\'evy ensembles and those arising from\nsoft-confinement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nature of crossover from classical to Ising-like critical behavior: We present an accurate numerical determination of the crossover from\nclassical to Ising-like critical behavior upon approach of the critical point\nin three-dimensional systems. The possibility to vary the Ginzburg number in\nour simulations allows us to cover the entire crossover region. We employ these\nresults to scrutinize several semi-phenomenological crossover scaling functions\nthat are widely used for the analysis of experimental results. In addition we\npresent strong evidence that the exponent relations do not hold between\neffective exponents.",
        "positive": "Non-exponential time-correlation function for random physical processes: The exponential correlation function is theoretically incorrect in the entire\nfrequency range of interest for processes described in terms of linear response\ntheory. The Lorentzian lineshape results from an inconsistent assumption of\nexponential correlation at timescales smaller than the relaxation time. A new\ncorrelation function is proposed that avoids the deficiencies of the\nexponential function. Comparison on dielectric relaxation in gases shows that\nthe new correlation function can be used to fit data satisfactorily instead of\nthe exponential function. The new correlation function is theoretically\nconsistent for all processes described in terms of linear response theory. Its\nadditional mathematical superiority implies that it can be used instead of the\nexponential function for all such processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chaos and Thermalization in the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model in\n  the classical-field approximation: In this thesis, we present a comprehensive study of chaos and thermalization\nof the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard Model (BHM) within the classical field\napproximation. Two quantitative measures are compared: the ensemble-averaged\nFinite-time Maximal Lyapunov exponent, a measures of chaos and the normalized\nspectral entropy, a measure of the distance between the numerical time-averaged\nmomentum distribution and the one predicted by thermodynamics. A threshold for\nchaos is found, which depends on two parameters, the nonlinearity and the total\nenergy-per-particle. Below the threshold, the dynamics are regular, while far\nabove the threshold, complete thermalization is observed, as measured by the\nnormalized spectral entropy. We study individual resonances in the Bose-Hubbard\nmodel to determine the criterion for chaos. The criterion based on Chirikov's\nmethod of overlapping resonances diverges in the thermodynamic limit, in\ncontrast to the criterion parameters inferred from numerical calculations,\nsignifying the failure of the standard Chirikov's approach. The Ablowitz-Ladik\nlattice is one of several integrable models that are close to the BHM. We\noutline the method of Inverse Scattering Transform and generate the integrals\nof motion of the Ablowitz-Ladik lattice. Furthermore, we discuss the possible\nrole of these quantities in the relaxation dynamics of the BHM.",
        "positive": "Renormalization group for the probability distribution of magnetic\n  impurities in a random-field $\u03c6^4$ model: Extending the usual Ginzburg-Landau theory for the random-field Ising model,\nthe possibility of dimensional reduction is reconsidered. A renormalization\ngroup for the probability distribution of magnetic impurities is applied. New\nparameters corresponding to the extra $\\phi^4$ coupling constants in the\nreplica Hamiltonian are introduced. Although they do not affect the critical\nphenomena near the upper critical dimension, they can when dimensions are\nlowered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite Temperature Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order for Interacting Bosons: Characterizing the scaling with the total particle number ($N$) of the\nlargest eigenvalue of the one--body density matrix ($\\lambda_0$), provides\ninformations on the occurrence of the off-diagonal long-range order (ODLRO)\naccording to the Penrose-Onsager criterion. Setting $\\lambda_0\\sim\nN^{\\mathcal{C}_0}$, then $\\mathcal{C}_0=1$ corresponds to ODLRO. The\nintermediate case, $0<\\mathcal{C}_0<1$, corresponds for translational invariant\nsystems to the power-law decaying of (non-connected) correlation functions and\nit can be seen as identifying quasi-long-range order. The goal of the present\npaper is to characterize the ODLRO properties encoded in $\\mathcal{C}_0$ [and\nin the corresponding quantities $\\mathcal{C}_{k \\neq 0}$ for excited natural\norbitals] exhibited by homogeneous interacting bosonic systems at finite\ntemperature for different dimensions. We show that $\\mathcal{C}_{k \\neq 0}=0$\nin the thermodynamic limit. In $1D$ it is $\\mathcal{C}_0=0$ for non-vanishing\ntemperature, while in $3D$ $\\mathcal{C}_0=1$ ($\\mathcal{C}_0=0$) for\ntemperatures smaller (larger) than the Bose-Einstein critical temperature. We\nthen focus our attention to $D=2$, studying the $XY$ and the Villain models,\nand the weakly interacting Bose gas. The universal value of $\\mathcal{C}_0$\nnear the Berezinskii--Kosterlitz--Thouless temperature $T_{BKT}$ is $7/8$. The\ndependence of $\\mathcal{C}_0$ on temperatures between $T=0$ (at which\n$\\mathcal{C}_0=1$) and $T_{BKT}$ is studied in the different models. An\nestimate for the (non-perturbative) parameter $\\xi$ entering the equation of\nstate of the $2D$ Bose gases, is obtained using low temperature expansions and\ncompared with the Monte Carlo result. We finally discuss a double jump\nbehaviour for $\\mathcal{C}_0$, and correspondingly of the anomalous dimension\n$\\eta$, right below $T_{BKT}$ in the limit of vanishing interactions.",
        "positive": "Quantum Brownian Motion: A Review: We review in a pedagogic manner the topic of quantum Brownian motion, with an\nemphasis on its thermodynamic aspects. For the sake of completeness, we begin\nwith the classical treatment of one-dimensional Brownian motion, discussing\ncorrelation functions and fluctuation-dissipation relations. The\nequation-of-motion approach, based on the Langevin equation, is mostly followed\nthroughout the paper. A microscopic derivation of the generalized Langevin\nequation is outlined, based on the microscopic model of a heat bath as a\ncollection of a large number of independent classical harmonic oscillators. We\nthen consider a fully quantum-mechanical treatment of Brownian motion based on\nthe quantum Langevin equation, where the bath is modelled as a collection of\nindependent quantum harmonic oscillators. In the stationary state, we analyze\nthe quantum counterpart of energy equipartition theorem, which has generated a\nconsiderable amount of interest in recent literature. The free energy, entropy\nand third law of thermodynamics are discussed for the one-dimensional quantum\nBrownian motion in a harmonic well. Following this, we explore some aspects of\ndissipative diamagnetism in the context of two-dimensional quantum Brownian\nmotion. The role of an external magnetic field and confining potentials is\ndiscussed. We then briefly outline the path-integral approach to thermodynamics\nof a quantum Brownian particle. Finally, we devote a substantial part of the\nreview to discussing stochastic thermodynamics and fluctuation theorems in the\ncontext of classical and quantum Langevin equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reconstruction of the lattice Hamiltonian models from the observations\n  of microscopic degrees of freedom in the presence of competing interactions: The emergence of scanning probe and electron beam imaging techniques have\nallowed quantitative studies of atomic structure and minute details of\nelectronic and vibrational structure on the level of individual atomic units.\nThese microscopic descriptors in turn can be associated with the local symmetry\nbreaking phenomena, representing stochastic manifestation of underpinning\ngenerative physical model. Here, we explore the reconstruction of exchange\nintegrals in the Hamiltonian for the lattice model with two competing\ninteractions from the observations of the microscopic degrees of freedom and\nestablish the uncertainties and reliability of such analysis in a broad\nparameter-temperature space. As an ancillary task, we develop a machine\nlearning approach based on histogram clustering to predict phase diagrams\nefficiently using a reduced descriptor space. We further demonstrate that\nreconstruction is possible well above the phase transition and in the regions\nof the parameter space when the macroscopic ground state of the system is\npoorly defined due to frustrated interactions. This suggests that this approach\ncan be applied to the traditionally complex problems of condensed matter\nphysics such as ferroelectric relaxors and morphotropic phase boundary systems,\nspin and cluster glasses, quantum systems once the local descriptors linked to\nthe relevant physical behaviors are known.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a three-dimensional\n  driven disordered system: We demonstrate a three-dimensional Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition in the\nrandom field XY model driven out of thermal equilibrium. By employing the\nspin-wave approximation and functional renormalization group approach, in the\nweak disorder regime, the three-dimensional driven random field XY model is\nfound to exhibit a quasi-long-range order phase, wherein the correlation\nfunction shows power-law decay with a non-universal exponent that depends on\nthe disorder strength. This result is consistent with that reported in a\nprevious numerical study. We further develop a phenomenological theory of the\nthree-dimensional KT transition by taking into account the effect of vortices.\nThe point of this theory is that the cross-section of the system with respect\nto a plane perpendicular to the driving direction is essentially identical to\nthe two-dimensional pure XY model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Risk and Utility in Portfolio Optimization: Modern portfolio theory(MPT) addresses the problem of determining the optimum\nallocation of investment resources among a set of candidate assets. In the\noriginal mean-variance approach of Markowitz, volatility is taken as a proxy\nfor risk, conflating uncertainty with risk. There have been many subsequent\nattempts to alleviate that weakness which, typically, combine utility and risk.\nWe present here a modification of MPT based on the inclusion of separate risk\nand utility criteria. We define risk as the probability of failure to meet a\npre-established investment goal. We define utility as the expectation of a\nutility function with positive and decreasing marginal value as a function of\nyield. The emphasis throughout is on long investment horizons for which\nrisk-free assets do not exist. Analytic results are presented for a Gaussian\nprobability distribution. Risk-utility relations are explored via empirical\nstock-price data, and an illustrative portfolio is optimized using the\nempirical data.",
        "positive": "Disorder-Free Localization and Many-Body Quantum Scars from Magnetic\n  Frustration: The concept of geometrical frustration has led to rich insights into\ncondensed matter physics, especially as a mechansim to produce exotic low\nenergy states of matter. Here we show that frustration provides a natural\nvehicle to generate models exhibiting anomalous thermalization of various types\nwithin high energy states. We consider three classes of non-integrable\nfrustrated spin models: (I) systems with local conserved quantities where the\nnumber of symmetry sectors grows exponentially with the system size but more\nslowly than the Hilbert space dimension, (II) systems with exact eigenstates\nthat are singlet coverings, and (III) flat band systems hosting magnon\ncrystals. We argue that several 1D and 2D models from class (I) exhibit\ndisorder-free localization in high energy states so that information\npropagation is dynamically inhibited on length scales greater than a few\nlattice spacings. We further show that models of class (II) and (III) exhibit\nquantum many-body scars -- eigenstates of non-integrable Hamiltonians with\nfinite energy density and anomalously low entanglement entropy. Our results\ndemonstrate that magnetic frustration supplies a means to systematically\nconstruct classes of non-integrable models exhibiting anomalous thermalization\nin mid-spectrum states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport properties of a modified Lorentz gas: We present a detailed study of the first simple mechanical system that shows\nfully realistic transport behavior while still being exactly solvable at the\nlevel of equilibrium statistical mechanics. The system under consideration is a\nLorentz gas with fixed freely-rotating circular scatterers interacting with\npoint particles via perfectly rough collisions. Upon imposing a temperature\nand/or a chemical potential gradient, a stationary state is attained for which\nlocal thermal equilibrium holds for low values of the imposed gradients.\nTransport in this system is normal, in the sense that the transport\ncoefficients which characterize the flow of heat and matter are finite in the\nthermodynamic limit. Moreover, the two flows are non-trivially coupled,\nsatisfying Onsager's reciprocity relations to within numerical accuracy as well\nas the Green-Kubo relations . We further show numerically that an applied\nelectric field causes the same currents as the corresponding chemical potential\ngradient in first order of the applied field. Puzzling discrepancies in higher\norder effects (Joule heating) are also observed. Finally, the role of entropy\nproduction in this purely Hamiltonian system is shortly discussed.",
        "positive": "Quantum Stochastic Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Viscosity of\n  Superfluid Helium: Decoherent quantum equations of motion are derived that yield the trajectory\nof an open quantum system. The viscosity of superfluid Lennard-Jones helium-4\nis obtained with a quantum stochastic molecular dynamics algorithm. The\nmomentum state occupancy entropy is counted with a continuous representation of\nboson number and averages are obtained with umbrella sampling. Instantaneous\nsnapshots of the Bose-Einstein condensed system show multiple highly occupied\nmomentum states. The viscosity is obtained from the Onsager-Green-Kubo relation\nwith the time correlation function modified in the quantum case. On the\nsaturation curve, at higher temperatures the viscosities of the classical and\nquantum liquids are equal. With decreasing temperature the viscosity of the\nclassical liquid increases whereas that of the quantum liquid decreases. Below\nthe $\\lambda$-transition the viscosity lies significantly below the classical\nvalue, being small but positive due to the mixture of condensed and uncondensed\nbosons. The computed trajectories give a physical explanation of the molecular\nmechanism for superfluidity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of random fields on the reversal of magnetisation of Ising\n  ferromagnet: We have studied the reversal time of the magnetisation in two dimensional\nIsing ferromagnet in the presence of externally applied uniform magnetic field\nusing Monte Carlo simulation based on Metropolis single spin flip algorithm.\nThen we have investigated the change in reversal time due to the presence of\nquenched random field in addition to the uniform magnetic field. We report the\nresults of statistical distribution of reversal times in the presence of three\ndifferent types of the distributions (namely, uniform, bimodal and normal) of\nrandom fields and compared the results with those obtained for uniform field\nonly. We have observed that the reversal time decreases due to the presence of\nany kind (of distribution) of the random fields. The metastable volume fraction\nis observed to follow the Avrami's law. Dependence of reversal times on\ntemperature and different widths of the distributions of random fields are also\nreported. We have also checked whether the system obeyed Becker-Doring theory\nof classical nucleation in presence of additional random field and tried to\ninvestigate the range of the width of the distribution of random field. For\nlarger width of the distribution of random field, the system fails to show the\nreversal via the nucleation of a single droplet (for small values of uniform\nfield only). The possible reason is analysed.",
        "positive": "Arresting dynamics in hardcore spin models: We study the dynamics of hardcore spin models on the square and triangular\nlattice, constructed by analogy to hard spheres, where the translational\ndegrees of freedom of the spheres are replaced by orientational degrees of\nfreedom of spins on a lattice and the packing fraction as a control parameter\nis replaced by an exclusion angle. In equilibrium, models on both lattices\nexhibit a Kosterlitz-Thouless transition at an exclusion angle $\\Delta_{\\rm\nKT}$. We devise compression protocols for hardcore spins and find that {\\it\nany} protocol that changes the exclusion angle nonadiabatically, if endowed\nwith only local dynamics, fails to compress random initial states beyond an\nangle $\\Delta_{\\rm J}> \\Delta_{\\rm KT}$. This coincides with a doubly algebraic\ndivergence of the relaxation time of compressed states towards equilibrium. We\nidentify a remarkably simple mechanism underpinning this divergent timescale:\ntopological defects involved in the phase ordering kinetics of the system\nbecome incompatible with the hardcore spin constraint, leading to a vanishing\ndefect mobility as $\\Delta\\rightarrow\\Delta_{\\rm J}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation dynamics of stochastic long-range interacting systems: Long-range interacting systems, while relaxing towards equilibrium, may get\ntrapped in nonequilibrium quasistationary states (QSS) for a time which\ndiverges algebraically with the system size. These intriguing non-Boltzmann\nstates have been observed under deterministic Hamiltonian evolution of a\nparadigmatic system, the Hamiltonian Mean-Field (HMF) model. We study here the\nrobustness of QSS with respect to stochastic processes beyond deterministic\ndynamics within a microcanonical ensemble. To this end, we generalize the HMF\nmodel by allowing for stochastic three-particle collision dynamics in addition\nto the deterministic ones. By analyzing the resulting Boltzmann equation for\nthe phase space density, we demonstrate that in the presence of stochasticity,\nQSS occur only as a crossover phenomenon over a finite time determined by the\nstrength of the stochastic process. In particular, we argue that the relaxation\ntime to equilibrium does not scale algebraically with the system size. We\npropose a scaling form for the relaxation time which is in very good agreement\nwith results of extensive numerical simulations. The broader validity of these\nresults is tested on a different stochastic HMF model involving microcanonical\nMonte Carlo dynamical moves.",
        "positive": "Magnetization and energy dynamics in spin ladders: Evidence of diffusion\n  in time, frequency, position, and momentum: The dynamics of magnetization and energy densities are studied in the two-leg\nspin-1/2 ladder. Using an efficient pure-state approach based on the concept of\ntypicality, we calculate spatio-temporal correlation functions for large\nsystems with up to 40 lattice sites. In addition, two subsequent Fourier\ntransforms from real to momentum space as well as from time to frequency domain\nyield the respective dynamic structure factors. Summarizing our main results,\nwe unveil the existence of genuine diffusion both for spin and energy. In\nparticular, this finding is based on four distinct signatures which can all be\nequally well detected: (i) Gaussian density profiles, (ii) time-independent\ndiffusion coefficients, (iii) exponentially decaying density modes, and (iv)\nLorentzian line shapes of the dynamic structure factor. The combination of (i)\n- (iv) provides a comprehensive picture of high-temperature dynamics in\nthisarchetypal nonintegrable quantum model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact statistical properties of the Burgers equation: The one dimensional Burgers equation in the inviscid limit with white noise\ninitial condition is revisited. The one- and two-point distributions of the\nBurgers field as well as the related distributions of shocks are obtained in\nclosed analytical forms. In particular, the large distance behavior of spatial\ncorrelations of the field is determined. Since higher order distributions\nfactorize in terms of the one and two points functions, our analysis provides\nan explicit and complete statistical description of this problem.",
        "positive": "The kinetic fragility of liquids as manifestation of the elastic\n  softening: We show that the fragility $m$, the steepness of the viscosity and relaxation\ntime close to the vitrification, increases with the degree of elastic\nsoftening, i.e. the decrease of the elastic modulus with increasing\ntemperature, in universal way. This provides a novel connection between the\nthermodynamics, via the modulus, and the kinetics. The finding is evidenced by\nnumerical simulations and comparison with the experimental data of glassformers\nwith widely different fragilities ($33 \\le m \\le 115$), leading to a\nfragility-independent elastic master curve extending over eighteen decades in\nviscosity and relaxation time. The master curve is accounted for by a cavity\nmodel pointing out the roles of both the available free volume and the cage\nsoftness. A major implication of our findings is that ultraslow relaxations,\nhardly characterised experimentally, become predictable by linear elasticity.\nAs an example, the viscosity of supercooled silica is derived over about\nfifteen decades with no adjustable parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "$1/f^\u03b2$ noise for scale-invariant processes: How long you wait\n  matters: We study the power spectrum which is estimated from a nonstationary signal.\nIn particular we examine the case when the signal is observed in a measurement\ntime window $[t_w,t_w+t_m]$, namely the observation started after a waiting\ntime $t_w$, and $t_m$ is the measurement duration. We introduce a generalized\naging Wiener-Khinchin theorem which relates between the spectrum and the time-\nand ensemble-averaged correlation function for arbitrary $t_m$ and $t_w$.\nFurthermore we provide a general relation between the non-analytical behavior\nof the scale-invariant correlation function and the aging $1/f^{\\beta}$ noise.\nWe illustrate our general results with two-state renewal models with sojourn\ntimes' distributions having a broad tail.",
        "positive": "The t-Jz ladder: The phase diagram of the two-leg t-Jz ladder is explored, using the density\nmatrix renormalization group method. Results are obtained for energy gaps,\nelectron density profiles and correlation functions for the half-filled and\nquarter-filled cases. The effective Lagrangian velocity parameter is shown to\nvanish at half-filling. The behaviour of the one-hole gap in the Nagaoka limit\nis investigated, and found to disagree with theoretical predictions. A\ntentative phase diagram is presented, which is quite similar to the full t-J\nladder, but scaled up by a factor of about two in coupling. Near half-filling a\nLuther-Emery phase is found, which may be expected to show superconducting\ncorrelations, while near quarter-filling the system appears to be in a\nTomonaga-Luttinger phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fisher Hartwig determinants, conformal field theory and universality in\n  generalised XX models: We discuss certain quadratic models of spinless fermions on a 1D lattice, and\ntheir corresponding spin chains. These were studied by Keating and Mezzadri in\nthe context of their relation to the Haar measures of the classical compact\ngroups. We show how these models correspond to translation invariant models on\nan infinite or semi-infinite chain, which in the simplest case reduce to the\nfamiliar XX model. We give physical context to mathematical results for the\nentanglement entropy, and calculate the spin-spin correlation functions using\nthe Fisher-Hartwig conjecture. These calculations rigorously demonstrate\nuniversality in classes of these models. We show that these are in agreement\nwith field theoretic and renormalization group arguments that we provide.",
        "positive": "Crossover scaling in the two-dimensional three-state Potts model: We apply simulated tempering and magnetizing (STM) Monte Carlo simulations to\nthe two-dimensional three-state Potts model in an external magnetic field in\norder to investigate the crossover scaling behaviour in the temperature-field\nplane at the Potts critical point and towards the Ising universality class for\nnegative magnetic fields. Our data set has been generated by STM simulations of\nseveral square lattices with sizes up to 160 x 160 spins, supplemented by\nconventional canonical simulations of larger lattices at selected simulation\npoints. We present careful scaling and finite-size scaling analyses of the\ncrossover behaviour with respect to temperature, magnetic field and lattice\nsize."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free diffusion bounds the precision of currents in underdamped dynamics: The putative generalization of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR)\nto underdamped dynamics is still an open problem. So far, bounds that have been\nderived for such a dynamics are not particularly transparent and they do not\nconverge to the known TUR in the overdamped limit. Furthermore, it was found\nthat there are restrictions for a TUR to hold such as the absence of a magnetic\nfield. In this article we first analyze the properties of driven free diffusion\nin the underdamped regime and show that it inherently violates the overdamped\nTUR for finite times. Based on numerical evidence, we then conjecture a bound\nfor one-dimensional driven diffusion in a potential which is based on the\nresult for free diffusion. This bound converges to the known overdamped TUR in\nthe corresponding limit. Moreover, the conjectured bound holds for observables\nthat involve higher powers of the velocity as long as the observable is odd\nunder time-reversal. Finally, we address the applicability of this bound to\nunderdamped dynamics in higher dimensions.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of the condensate in zero-range processes: For stochastic processes leading to condensation, the condensate, once it is\nformed, performs an ergodic stationary-state motion over the system. We analyse\nthis motion, and especially its characteristic time, for zero-range processes.\nThe characteristic time is found to grow with the system size much faster than\nthe diffusive timescale, but not exponentially fast. This holds both in the\nmean-field geometry and on finite-dimensional lattices. In the generic\nsituation where the critical mass distribution follows a power law, the\ncharacteristic time grows as a power of the system size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Duality, Magnetic space group and their applications to quantum phases\n  and phase transitions on bipartite lattices in several experimental systems: By using a dual vortex method, we study phases such as superfluid, solids,\nsupersolids and quantum phase transitions in a unified scheme in extended boson\nHubbard models at and slightly away from half filling on bipartite optical\nlattices such as honeycomb and square lattice. We also map out its global phase\ndiagram at $ T=0 $ of chemical potential versus the ratio of kinetic energy\nover the interaction. We stress the importance of the self-consistence\ncondition on the saddle point structure of the dual gauge fields in the\ntranslational symmetry breaking insulating sides, especially in the charge\ndensity wave side. We find that in the translational symmetry breaking side,\ndifferent kinds of supersolids are generic possible states slightly away from\nhalf filling. We propose a new kind of supersolid: valence bond supersolid\n(VB-SS). In this VB-SS, the density fluctuation at any site is very large\nindicating its superfluid nature, but the boson kinetic energies on bonds\nbetween two sites are given and break the lattice translational symmetries\nindicating its valence bound nature. Implications on possible future QMC\nsimulations in both bipartite lattices are given. All these phases and phase\ntransitions can be potentially realized in ultra-cold atoms loaded on optical\nbipartite lattices.",
        "positive": "Noise effects in polymer dynamics: The study of the noise induced effects on the dynamics of a chain molecule\ncrossing a potential barrier, in the presence of a metastable state, is\npresented. A two-dimensional stochastic version of the Rouse model for a\nflexible polymer has been adopted to mimic the molecular dynamics and to take\ninto account the interactions between adjacent monomers. We obtain a\nnonmonotonic behavior of the mean first passage time and its standard\ndeviation, of the polymer centre of inertia, with the noise intensity. These\nfindings reveal a noise induced effect on the mean crossing time. The role of\nthe polymer length is also investigated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasistationarity in a model of classical spins with long-range\n  interactions: Systems with long-range interactions, while relaxing towards equilibrium,\nsometimes get trapped in long-lived non-Boltzmann quasistationary states (QSS)\nwhich have lifetimes that grow algebraically with the system size. Such states\nhave been observed in models of globally coupled particles that move under\nHamiltonian dynamics either on a unit circle or on a unit spherical surface.\nHere, we address the ubiquity of QSS in long-range systems by considering a\ndifferent dynamical setting. Thus, we consider an anisotropic Heisenberg model\nconsisting of classical Heisenberg spins with mean-field interactions and\nevolving under classical spin dynamics. Our analysis of the corresponding\nVlasov equation for time evolution of the phase space distribution shows that\nin a certain energy interval, relaxation of a class of initial states occurs\nover a timescale which grows algebraically with the system size. We support\nthese findings by extensive numerical simulations. This work further supports\nthe generality of occurrence of QSS in long-range systems evolving under\nHamiltonian dynamics.",
        "positive": "First passage under stochastic resetting in an interval: We consider a Brownian particle diffusing in a one dimensional interval with\nabsorbing end points. We study the ramifications when such motion is\ninterrupted and restarted from the same initial configuration. We provide a\ncomprehensive study of the first passage properties of this trapping phenomena.\nWe compute the mean first passage time and derive the criterion upon which\nrestart always expedites the underlying completion. We show how this set-up is\na manifestation of a success-failure problem. We obtain the success and failure\nrates and relate them with the splitting probabilities, namely, the probability\nthat the particle will eventually be trapped on either of the boundaries\nwithout hitting the other one. Numerical studies are presented to support our\nanalytic results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement dynamics in confining spin chains: The confinement of elementary excitations induces distinctive features in the\nnon-equilibrium quench dynamics. One of the most remarkable is the suppression\nof entanglement entropy which in several instances turns out to oscillate\nrather than grow indefinitely. While the qualitative physical origin of this\nbehavior is clear, till now no quantitative understanding away from the field\ntheory limit was available. Here we investigate this problem in the weak quench\nlimit, when mesons are excited at rest, hindering entropy growth and exhibiting\npersistent oscillations. We provide analytical predictions of the entire\nentanglement dynamics based on a Gaussian approximation of the many-body state,\nwhich captures numerical data with great accuracy and is further simplified to\na semiclassical quasiparticle picture in the regime of weak confinement. Our\nmethods are valid in general and we apply explicitly to two prototypical\nmodels: the Ising chain in a tilted field and the experimentally relevant\nlong-range Ising model.",
        "positive": "Efficient free energy profile reconstruction using adaptive stochastic\n  perturbation protocols: Application of Jarzynski nonequilibrium work relation to free energy\ncalculation is limited by the very slow convergence of the estimate when\ndissipation is high. We present a novel perturbation protocol able to improve\nthe convergence of Jarzynski estimator when it is applied in the reconstruction\nof the potential of mean force. The improvement is based on the application of\nthe adaptive external work variation in addition to the one caused by thermal\nfluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Measles-induced immune amnesia and its effects in concurrent epidemics: It has been recently discovered that the measles virus can wipe out the\nadaptive immune system, destroying B lymphocytes and reducing the diversity of\nnon-specific B cells of the infected host. In particular, this implies that\npreviously acquired immunization from vaccination or direct exposition to other\npathogens could be erased in a phenomenon named \"immune amnesia\", whose effects\ncan become particularly worrisome given the actual rise of anti-vaccination\nmovements. Here we present the first attempt to incorporate immune amnesia into\nstandard models of epidemic spreading. In particular, we analyze diverse\nvariants of a model that describes the spreading of two concurrent pathogens\ncausing measles and another generic disease: the SIR-IA model. Analytical and\ncomputational studies confirm that immune amnesia can indeed have important\nconsequences for epidemic spreading, significantly altering the vaccination\ncoverage required to reach herd-immunity for concurring infectious diseases.\nMore specifically, we uncover the existence of novel propagating and endemic\nphases which are induced by immune amnesia, that appear both in fully-connected\nand more structured networks, such as random networks and power-law\ndegree-distributed ones. In particular, the transitions from a quiescent state\ninto these novel phases can become rather abrupt in some cases that we\nspecifically analyze. Furthermore, we discuss the meaning and consequences of\nour results and their relation with, e.g., immunization strategies, together\nwith the possibility that explosive types of transitions may emerge, making\nimmune-amnesia effects particularly dramatic. This work opens the door to\nfurther developments and analyses of immune amnesia effects, contributing, more\ngenerally, to the theory of interacting epidemics on complex networks.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of a Ring of Diffusively Coupled Lorenz Oscillators: We study the dynamics of a finite chain of diffusively coupled Lorenz\noscillators with periodic boundary conditions. Such rings possess infinitely\nmany fixed states, some of which are observed to be stable. It is shown that\nthere exists a stable fixed state in arbitrarily large rings for a fixed\ncoupling strength. This suggests that coherent behavior in networks of\ndiffusively coupled systems may appear at a coupling strength that is\nindependent of the size of the network."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mortal Brownian motion: three short stories: Mortality introduces an intrinsic time scale into the scale-invariant\nBrownian motion. This fact has important consequences for different statistics\nof Brownian motion. Here we are telling three short stories, where spontaneous\ndeath, such as radioactive decay, puts a natural limit to \"lifetime\nachievements\" of a Brownian particle. In story 1 we determine the probability\ndistribution of a mortal Brownian particle (MBP) reaching a specified point in\nspace at the time of its death. In story 2 we determine the probability\ndistribution of the area $A=\\int_0^{T} x(t) dt$ of a MBP on the line. Story 3\naddresses the distribution of the winding angle of a MBP wandering around a\nreflecting disk in the plane. In stories 1 and 2 the probability distributions\nexhibit integrable singularities at zero values of the position and the area,\nrespectively. In story 3 a singularity at zero winding angle appears only in\nthe limit of very high mortality. A different integrable singularity appears at\na nonzero winding angle. It is inherited from the recently uncovered\nsingularity of the short-time large-deviation function of the winding angle for\nimmortal Brownian motion.",
        "positive": "Signatures of Chaos in Non-integrable Models of Quantum Field Theory: We study signatures of quantum chaos in (1+1)D Quantum Field Theory (QFT)\nmodels. Our analysis is based on the method of Hamiltonian truncation, a\nnumerical approach for the construction of low-energy spectra and eigenstates\nof QFTs that can be considered as perturbations of exactly solvable models. We\nfocus on the double sine-Gordon, also studying the massive sine-Gordon and\n${\\phi^4}$ model, all of which are non-integrable and can be studied by this\nmethod with sufficiently high precision from small to intermediate perturbation\nstrength. We analyze the statistics of level spacings and of eigenvector\ncomponents, both of which are expected to follow Random Matrix Theory\npredictions. While level spacing statistics are close to the Gaussian\nOrthogonal Ensemble as expected, on the contrary, the eigenvector components\nfollow a distribution markedly different from the expected Gaussian. Unlike in\nthe typical quantum chaos scenario, the transition of level spacing statistics\nto chaotic behaviour takes place already in the perturbative regime. On the\nother hand, the distribution of eigenvector components does not appear to\nchange or approach Gaussian behaviour, even for relatively large perturbations.\nMoreover, our results suggest that these features are independent of the choice\nof model and basis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A journey into localization, integrability and thermalization: We present here the results obtained during my PhD work. We report the study\nof the many body localization transition in a spin chain and the breaking of\nergodicity measured in terms of return probability in a state evolution.\nMoreover, we introduce the Richardson model, an exactly solvable model, that\nturns out to be suitable for investigating the many-body localized phase. Then\nwe turn to the analysis of the quench problem in an ensemble of random\nmatrices. We analyze the thermalization properties and the validity of the\nEigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis for the typical case, where the quench\nparameter explicitly breaks a Z_2 symmetry.",
        "positive": "A diffusive system driven by a battery or by a smoothly varying field: We consider the steady state of a one dimensional diffusive system, such as\nthe symmetric simple exclusion process (SSEP) on a ring, driven by a battery at\nthe origin or by a smoothly varying field along the ring. The battery appears\nas the limiting case of a smoothly varying field, when the field becomes a\ndelta function at the origin. We find that in the scaling limit, the long range\npair correlation functions of the system driven by a battery turn out to be\nvery different from the ones known in the steady state of the SSEP maintained\nout of equilibrium by contact with two reservoirs, even when the steady state\ndensity profiles are identical in both models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Upper and Lower Critical Decay Exponents of Ising Ferromagnets with\n  Long-range Interaction: We investigate the universality class of the finite-temperature phase\ntransition of the two-dimensional Ising model with the algebraically decaying\nferromagnetic long-range interaction, $J_{ij} = |\\vec{r}_i\n-\\vec{r}_j|^{-(d+\\sigma)}$, where $d$ (=2) is the dimension of the system and\n$\\sigma$ the decay exponent, by means of the order-$N$ cluster-algorithm Monte\nCarlo method. In particular, we focus on the upper and lower critical decay\nexponents, the boundaries between the mean-field-universality, intermediate,\nand short-range-universality regimes. At the critical decay exponents, it is\nfound that the critical amplitude of the standard Binder ratio of magnetization\nexhibits the extremely slow convergence as a function of the system size. We\npropose more effective physical quantities, the combined Binder ratio and the\nself-combined Binder ratio, both of which cancel the leading finite-size\ncorrections of the conventional Binder ratio. Utilizing these techniques, we\nclearly demonstrate that in two dimensions the lower and upper critical decay\nexponents are $\\sigma = 1$ and 7/4, respectively, contrary to the recent Monte\nCarlo and the renormalization-group studies [M. Picco, arXiv:1207.1018; T.\nBlanchard, et al., Europhys. Lett. 101, 56003 (2013)].",
        "positive": "Surface and bulk transitions in three-dimensional O(n) models: Using Monte Carlo methods and finite-size scaling, we investigate surface\ncriticality in the O$(n)$ models on the simple-cubic lattice with $n=1$, 2, and\n3, i.e. the Ising, XY, and Heisenberg models. For the critical couplings we\nfind $K_{\\rm c}(n=2)=0.454 1655 (10)$ and $K_{\\rm c}(n=3)= 0.693 002 (2)$. We\nsimulate the three models with open surfaces and determine the surface magnetic\nexponents at the ordinary transition to be $y_{h1}^{\\rm (o)}=0.7374 (15)$,\n$0.781 (2)$, and $0.813 (2)$ for $n=1$, 2, and 3, respectively. Then we vary\nthe surface coupling $K_1$ and locate the so-called special transition at\n$\\kappa_{\\rm c} (n=1)=0.50214 (8)$ and $\\kappa_{\\rm c} (n=2)=0.6222 (3)$, where\n$\\kappa=K_1/K-1$. The corresponding surface thermal and magnetic exponents are\n$y_{t1}^{\\rm (s)} =0.715 (1)$ and $y_{h1}^{\\rm (s)} =1.636 (1)$ for the Ising\nmodel, and $y_{t1}^{\\rm (s)} =0.608 (4)$ and$y_{h1}^{\\rm (s)} =1.675 (1)$ for\nthe XY model. Finite-size corrections with an exponent close to -1/2 occur for\nboth models. Also for the Heisenberg model we find substantial evidence for the\nexistence of a special surface transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Electrostatic solution of massless quenches in Luttinger liquids: The study of the non-equilibrium dynamics of many-body systems after a\nquantum quench received a considerable boost and a deep theoretical\nunderstanding from the path integral formulation in imaginary time. However,\nthe celebrated problem of a quench in the Luttinger parameter of a one\ndimensional quantum critical system (massless quench) has so far only been\nsolved in the real-time Heisenberg picture. In order to bridge this theoretical\ngap and to understand on the same ground massive and massless quenches, we\nstudy the problem of a gaussian field characterized by a coupling parameter K\nwithin a strip and a different one K0 in the remaining two semi-infinite\nplanes. We give a fully analytical solution using the electrostatic analogy\nwith the problem of a dielectric material within a strip surrounded by an\ninfinite medium of different dielectric constant, and exploiting the method of\ncharge images. After analytic continuation, this solution allows us to obtain\nall the correlation functions after the quench within a path integral approach\nin imaginary time, thus recovering and generalizing the results in real time.\nFurthermore, this imaginary-time approach establishes a remarkable connection\nbetween the quench and the famous problem of the conductivity of a\nTomonaga-Luttinger liquid coupled to two semi-infinite leads: the two are in\nfact related by a rotation of the spacetime coordinates.",
        "positive": "Bistability induced by two cross-correlated Gaussian white noises: A prototype model of a stochastic one-variable system with a linear restoring\nforce driven by two cross-correlated multiplicative and additive Gaussian white\nnoises was considered earlier [S. I. Denisov et al., Phys. Rev. E 68, 046132\n(2003)]. The multiplicative factor was assumed to be quadratic in the vicinity\nof a stable equilibrium point. It was determined that a negative\ncross-correlation can induce nonequilibrium transitions. In this paper, we\ninvestigate this model in more detail and calculate explicit expressions of the\nstationary probability density. We construct a phase diagram and show that both\nadditive and multiplicative noises can also generate bimodal probability\ndistributions of the state variable in the presence of anti-correlation. We\nfind the order parameter and determine that the additive noise has a\ndisordering effect and the multiplicative noise has an ordering effect. We\nexplain the mechanism of this bistability and specify its key ingredients."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Internal state conversion in ultracold gases: We consider an ultracold gas of (non-condensed) bosons or fermions with two\ninternal states, and study the effect of a gradient of the transition frequency\nbetween these states. When a $\\pi/2$ RF pulse is applied to the sample,\nexchange effects during collisions transfer the atoms into internal states\nwhich depend on the direction of their velocity. This results, after a short\ntime, in a spatial separation between the two states. A kinetic equation is\nsolved analytically and numerically; the results agree well with the recent\nobservations of Lewandowski et al.",
        "positive": "Statistical properties of the 2D attached Rouse chain: We study various dynamical properties (winding angles, areas) of a set of\nharmonically bound Brownian particles (monomers), one endpoint of this chain\nbeing kept fixed at the origin 0. In particular, we show that, for long times\nt, the areas {A_i} enclosed by the monomers scale like t^{1/2}, with correlated\ngaussian distributions. This is at variance with the winding angles {\\theta_i}\naround fixed points that scale like t and are distributed according to\nindependent Cauchy laws."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic energetics of a Brownian motor and refrigerator driven by\n  non-uniform temperature: The energetics of a Brownian heat engine and heat pump driven by position\ndependent temperature, known as the B\\\"uttiker-Landauer heat engine and heat\npump, is investigated by numerical simulations of the inertial Langevin\nequation. We identify parameter values for optimal performance of the heat\nengine and heat pump. Our results qualitatively differ from approaches based on\nthe overdamped model. The behavior of the heat engine and heat pump, in the\nlinear response regime is examined under finite time conditions and we find\nthat the efficiency is lower than that of an endoreversible engine working\nunder the same condition. Finally, we investigate the role of different\npotential and temperature profiles to enhance the efficiency of the system. Our\nsimulations show that optimizing the potential and temperature profile leads\nonly to a marginal enhancement of the system performance due to the large\nentropy production via the Brownian particle's kinetic energy.",
        "positive": "Quantum fluctuations in the incommensurate phase of CsCuCl3 under\n  transverse magnetic field: In low magnetic field, the stacked, triangular antiferromagnet CsCuCl3 has a\nhelical structure incommensurate (IC) in the chain direction. The IC wavenumber\n(from neutron-diffraction experiments) decreases with increasing field\ntransverse to the chains, as predicted by classical theory, but then it has a\nplateau almost certainly caused by quantum fluctuations. Linear spin-wave\ntheory fails because fluctuations have particularly large effects in the IC\nphase. An innovative phenomenological treatment of quantum fluctuations yields\na plateau at approximately the observed value and the observed fields; it\npredicts a transition to the commensurate phase so far not observed. Results\ndepend sensitively on a weak anisotropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality and a numerical \u03b5-expansion of the Abelian Manna\n  model below upper critical dimension: The Abelian Manna model of self-organized criticality is studied on various\nthree-dimensional and fractal lattices. The exponents for avalanche size,\nduration and area distribution of the model are obtained by using a\nhigh-accuracy moment analysis. Together with earlier results on\nlower-dimensional lattices, the present results reinforce the notion of\nuniversality below the upper critical dimension and allow us to determine the\nthe coefficients of an \\epsilon-expansion. Rescaling the critical exponents by\nthe lattice dimension and incorporating the random walker dimension, a\nremarkable relation is observed, satisfied by both regular and fractal\nlattices.",
        "positive": "Tail of the two-time height distribution for KPZ growth in one dimension: Obtaining the exact multi-time correlations for one-dimensional growth models\ndescribed by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class is presently an\noutstanding open problem. Here, we study the joint probability distribution\nfunction (JPDF) of the height of the KPZ equation with droplet initial\nconditions, at two different times $t_1<t_2$, in the limit where both times are\nlarge and their ratio $t_2/t_1$ is fixed. This maps to the JPDF of the free\nenergies of two directed polymers with two different lengths and in the same\nrandom potential. Using the replica Bethe ansatz (RBA) method, we obtain the\nexact tail of the JPDF when one of its argument (the KPZ height at the earlier\ntime $t_1$) is large and positive. Our formula interpolates between two limits\nwhere the JPDF decouples: (i) for $t_2/t_1 \\to +\\infty$ into a product of two\nGUE Tracy-Widom (TW) distributions, and (ii) for $t_2/t_1 \\to 1^+$ into a\nproduct of a GUE-TW distribution and a Baik-Rains distribution (associated to\nstationary KPZ evolution). The lowest cumulants of the height at time $t_2$,\nconditioned on the one at time $t_1$, are expressed analytically as expansions\naround these limits, and computed numerically for arbitrary $t_2/t_1$. Moreover\nwe compute the connected two-time correlation, conditioned to a large enough\nvalue at $t_1$, providing a quantitative prediction for the so-called\npersistence of correlations (or ergodicity breaking) in the time evolution from\nthe droplet initial condition. Our RBA results are then compared with arguments\nbased on Airy processes, with satisfactory agreement. These predictions are\nuniversal for all models in the KPZ class and should be testable in experiments\nand numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-range interactions in the avalanches of elastic interfaces: Disordered systems submitted to a slowly increasing external stress often\nreacts with a jerky dynamics characterized by bursts of activity, called\navalanches, which are the manifestation of an out-of-equilibrium phase\ntransition. This thesis focuses on the dynamics of elastic interfaces near the\ndepinning transition, and more specially on the effect of long-range\ninteractions. I derive the universal scaling form of the correlation functions\nof the local velocity field. It allows to test the universality class of the\ntransition as well as the range of the interactions. I also study the\nstatistics of the clusters that form in presence of long-range interactions and\nshow how it relates to the statistics of the global avalanches. Finally I\npresent analytical advances towards the understanding of the spatial structure\nof avalanches within a mean-field model, the Brownian force model.",
        "positive": "Deterministic growth model of Laplacian charged particle aggregates: The results of the computer simulation of the aggregates growth of the\nsimilarly charged particles in the framework of deterministic Laplacian growth\nmodel on a square lattice are presented. Cluster growth is controlled by three\nparameters ${p, E,\\lambda}$, where $p$ - Laplacian growth parameter, $E$ -\nenergy of a particle sticking to a cluster, $\\lambda$ - the screening length of\nelectrostatic interactions. The phase diagram of cluster growth is built in the\nco-ordinates ${E,\\lambda}$. The zones of different cluster morphology are\nselected: I-the zone of finite X-like structures,II-the zone of infinite\nramified structures, controlled by electrostatic interactions, III-the zone of\ninfinite structures with electrostatic interactions effectively switched off.\nSimple electrostatic estimations of the locations of the zone boundaries are\npresented. It is shown that in general case within the zone II the continuous\nchange of $D_f$, controlled by parameters ${p, E,\\lambda}$, takes place. In the\ndegeneration limit when the given model transforms into deterministic version\nof the Eden model (at $p=0$), the crossover from linear $(D_f=1)$ to compact\n$(D_f=2)$ structures is observed when passing through the boundary between the\nzones I and II."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Duality in matrix lattice Boltzmann models: The notion of duality between the hydrodynamic and kinetic (ghost) variables\nof lattice kinetic formulations of the Boltzmann equation is introduced. It is\nsuggested that this notion can serve as a guideline in the design of matrix\nversions of the lattice Boltzmann equation in a physically transparent and\ncomputationally efficient way.",
        "positive": "Exact Statistical Thermodynamics of the Pseudospin-1 System on the Diced\n  Lattice: In this work we analyze the thermodynamic properties of the pseudospin-1\nHamiltonian on the two-dimensional {\\cal{T}} -3 or Diced Lattice. Starting from\nthe Partition function, we obtain the Grand ensemble thermodynamic potential,\nentropy and specific heat exactly and in the degenerate and non-degenerate\nregimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stability analysis of an ensemble of simple harmonic oscillators: In this paper, we investigate the stability of the configurations of harmonic\noscillator potential that are directly proportional to the square of the\ndisplacement. We derive expressions for fluctuations in partition function due\nto variations of the parameters, viz. the mass, temperature and the frequency\nof oscillators. Here, we introduce the Hessian matrix of the partition function\nas the model embedding function from the space of parameters to the set of real\nnumbers. In this framework, we classify the regions in the parameter space of\nthe harmonic oscillator fluctuations where they yield a stable statistical\nconfiguration. The mechanism of stability follows from the notion of the\nfluctuation theory. In sections 7 and 8, we provide the nature of local and\nglobal correlations and stability regions where the system yields a stable or\nunstable statistical basis, or it undergoes into geometric phase transitions.\nFinally, in section $9$, the comparison of results is provided with reference\nto other existing research.",
        "positive": "Bodies in an Interacting Active Fluid: Far-Field Influence of a Single\n  Body and Interaction Between Two Bodies: Because active particles break time-reversal symmetry, an active fluid can\nsustain currents even without an external drive. We show that when a passive\nbody is placed in a fluid of pairwise interacting active particles, it\ngenerates long-range currents, corresponding to density and pressure gradients.\nBy using a multipole expansion and a far-field constitutive relation, we show\nthat the leading-order behavior of all three corresponds to a source dipole.\nThen, when two bodies or more are placed in the active fluid, generic\nlong-range interactions between the bodies occur. We find these to be\nqualitatively different from other fluid mediated interactions, such as\nhydrodynamic or thermal Casimir. The interactions can be predicted by measuring\na few single-body properties in separate experiments. Moreover, they are\nanisotropic and do not satisfy an action-reaction principle. These results\nextend previous results on non-interacting active particles. Our framework may\npoint to a path towards self-assembly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dielectric Constant of Ionic Solutions: Combined Effects of Correlations\n  and Excluded Volume: The dielectric constant of ionic solutions is known to reduce with increasing\nionic concentrations. However, the origin of this effect has not been\nthoroughly explored. In this paper we study two such possible sources:\nlong-range Coulombic correlations and solvent excluded volume. Correlations\noriginate from fluctuations of the electrostatic potential beyond the\nmean-field Poisson-Boltzmann theory, evaluated by employing a field-theoretical\nloop expansion of the free energy. The solvent excluded-volume, on the other\nhand, stems from the finite ion size, accounted for via a lattice-gas model. We\nshow that both correlations and excluded volume are required in order to\ncapture the important features of the dielectric behavior. For highly polar\nsolvents, such as water, the dielectric constant is given by the product of the\nsolvent volume fraction and a concentration-dependent susceptibility per volume\nfraction. The available solvent volume decreases as function of ionic strength\ndue the increasing volume fraction of ions. A similar decrease occurs for the\nsusceptibility due to correlations between the ions and solvent, reducing the\ndielectric response even further. Our predictions for the dielectric constant\nfit well with experiments for a wide range of concentrations for different\nsalts in different temperatures, using a single fit parameter related to the\nion size.",
        "positive": "Coulomb Systems with Ideal Dielectric Boundaries: Free Fermion Point and\n  Universality: A two-component Coulomb gas confined by walls made of ideal dielectric\nmaterial is considered. In two dimensions at the special inverse temperature\n$\\beta = 2$, by using the Pfaffian method, the system is mapped onto a\nfour-component Fermi field theory with specific boundary conditions. The exact\nsolution is presented for a semi-infinite geometry of the dielectric wall (the\ndensity profiles, the correlation functions) and for the strip geometry (the\nsurface tension, a finite-size correction of the grand potential). The\nuniversal finite-size correction of the grand potential is shown to be a\nconsequence of the good screening properties, and its generalization is derived\nfor the conducting Coulomb gas confined in a slab of arbitrary dimension $\\ge\n2$ at any temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A solvable problem in statistical mechanics: the dipole-type Hamiltonian\n  mean field model: The present study regards the zeroth order mean field approximation of a\ndipole-type interaction model, which is analytically solved in the canonical\nand microcanonical ensembles. After writing the canonical partition function,\nthe free and internal energies, magnetization and the specific heat are derived\nand graphically represented. A crucial derivation is the calculation of the\nfree energy, which is variationally evaluated, and it is shown that the exact\nresult coincides with the approximate trend when $N$ tends to infinity. In the\nmicrocanonical ensemble, the entropy as other thermodynamic properties are\ncalculated. We notice that both schemes coincide in equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Behavior of heuristics and state space structure near SAT/UNSAT\n  transition: We study the behavior of ASAT, a heuristic for solving satisfiability\nproblems by stochastic local search near the SAT/UNSAT transition. The\nheuristic is focused, i.e. only variables in unsatisfied clauses are updated in\neach step, and is significantly simpler, while similar to, walksat or Focused\nMetropolis Search. We show that ASAT solves instances as large as one million\nvariables in linear time, on average, up to 4.21 clauses per variable for\nrandom 3SAT. For K higher than 3, ASAT appears to solve instances at the ``FRSB\nthreshold'' in linear time, up to K=7."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On Clausius' approach to entropy and analogies in non-equilibrium: In his ninth memoir Clausius summarizes the two principles of thermodynamics\nas follows: \"The whole mechanical theory of heat rests on two fundamental\ntheorems: that of equivalence of heat and work, and that of equivalence of\ntransformations.\" This paper contains an introduction to Clausius' approach to\nentropy as illustrated in his original articles and describes an analogy in the\nmacroscopic fluctuation theory of non-equilibrium diffusive systems.",
        "positive": "Formation of fermionic molecules via interisotope Feshbach resonances: We perform an analysis of recent experimental measurements and improve the\nlithium interaction potentials. For $^6$Li a consistent description can be\ngiven. We discuss theoretical uncertainties for the position of the wide $^6$Li\nFeshbach resonance, and we present an analytic scattering model for this\nresonance, based on the inclusion of a field-dependent virtual open-channel\nstate. We predict new Feshbach resonances for the $^6$Li-$^7$Li system, and\ntheir importance for different types of crossover superfluidity models is\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Additive renormalization of the specific heat of O(n) symmetric systems\n  in three-loop order: We present three-loop formulas for the additive renormalization constant\nA(u,epsilon) and associated renormalization group function B(u) for the\nspecific heat of the O(n) symmetric phi^4 model. Using this result, we obtain\nalso the amplitude function above Tc within the minimally renormalied theory at\nfixed d=3. At the fixed point, the three-loop correction to B(u) turns out to\nbe small (about 3% for n=2). We note that a correction of this size may become\nimportant at the level of accuracy expected in future experiments.",
        "positive": "Spectral and steady-state properties of fermionic random quadratic\n  Liouvillians: We study spectral and steady-state properties of generic Markovian\ndissipative systems described by quadratic fermionic Liouvillian operators of\nthe Lindblad form. The Hamiltonian dynamics is modeled by a generic random\nquadratic operator, i.e., as a featureless superconductor of class D, whereas\nthe Markovian dissipation is described by $M$ random linear jump operators. By\nvarying the dissipation strength and the ratio of dissipative channels per\nfermion, $m=M/(2N_F)$, we find two distinct phases where the support of the\nsingle-particle spectrum has one or two connected components. In the strongly\ndissipative regime, this transition occurs for $m=1/2$ and is concomitant with\na qualitative change in both the steady-state and the spectral gap that rules\nthe large-time dynamics. Above this threshold, the spectral gap and the\nsteady-state purity qualitatively agree with the fully generic (i.e.,\nnon-quadratic) case studied recently. Below $m=1/2$, the spectral gap closes in\nthe thermodynamic limit and the steady-state decouples into an ergodic and a\nnonergodic sector yielding a non-monotonic steady-state purity as a function of\nthe dissipation strength. Our results show that some of the universal features\npreviously observed for fully random Liouvillians are generic for a\nsufficiently large number of jump operators. On the other hand, if the number\nof dissipation channels is decreased the system can exhibit nonergodic\nfeatures, rendering it possible to suppress dissipation in protected subspaces\neven in the presence of strong system-environment coupling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large Deviations of Extreme Eigenvalues of Random Matrices: We calculate analytically the probability of large deviations from its mean\nof the largest (smallest) eigenvalue of random matrices belonging to the\nGaussian orthogonal, unitary and symplectic ensembles. In particular, we show\nthat the probability that all the eigenvalues of an (N\\times N) random matrix\nare positive (negative) decreases for large N as \\exp[-\\beta \\theta(0) N^2]\nwhere the parameter \\beta characterizes the ensemble and the exponent\n\\theta(0)=(\\ln 3)/4=0.274653... is universal. We also calculate exactly the\naverage density of states in matrices whose eigenvalues are restricted to be\nlarger than a fixed number \\zeta, thus generalizing the celebrated Wigner\nsemi-circle law. The density of states generically exhibits an inverse\nsquare-root singularity at \\zeta.",
        "positive": "On possible origins of power-law distributions: Selected examples of possible origins of power-law distributions are\npresented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First excitations of the spin 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the\n  kagom\u00e9 lattice: We study the exact low energy spectra of the spin 1/2 Heisenberg\nantiferromagnet on small samples of the kagom\\'e lattice of up to N=36 sites.\nIn agreement with the conclusions of previous authors, we find that these low\nenergy spectra contradict the hypothesis of N\\'eel type long range order.\nCertainly, the ground state of this system is a spin liquid, but its properties\nare rather unusual. The magnetic ($\\Delta S=1$) excitations are separated from\nthe ground state by a gap. However, this gap is filled with nonmagnetic\n($\\Delta S=0$) excitations. In the thermodynamic limit the spectrum of these\nnonmagnetic excitations will presumably develop into a gapless continuum\nadjacent to the ground state. Surprisingly, the eigenstates of samples with an\nodd number of sites, i.e. samples with an unsaturated spin, exhibit symmetries\nwhich could support long range chiral order. We do not know if these states\nwill be true thermodynamic states or only metastable ones. In any case, the low\nenergy properties of the spin 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the kagom\\'e\nlattice clearly distinguish this system from either a short range RVB spin\nliquid or a standard chiral spin liquid. Presumably they are facets of a\ngenerically new state of frustrated two-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets.",
        "positive": "Blume-Emery-Griffiths Model in a Random Crystal Field: We study the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model in a random crystal field in two and\nthree dimensions, through a real-space renormalization-group approach and a\nmean-field approximation, respectively. According to the two-dimensional\nrenormalization-group calculation, non-symmetry-breaking first-order phase\ntransitions are eliminated and symmetry-breaking discontinuous transitions are\nreplaced by continuous ones, when disorder is introduced. On the other hand,\nthe mean-field calculation predicts that first-order transitions are not\neliminated by disorder, although some changes are introduced in the phase\ndiagrams. We make some comments on the consequences of a degeneracy parameter,\nwhich may be relevant in martensitic transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficient stochastic thermostatting of path integral molecular dynamics: The path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) method provides a convenient way\nto compute the quantum mechanical structural and thermodynamic properties of\ncondensed phase systems at the expense of introducing an additional set of\nhigh-frequency normal modes on top of the physical vibrations of the system.\nEfficiently sampling such a wide range of frequencies provides a considerable\nthermostatting challenge. Here we introduce a simple stochastic path integral\nLangevin equation (PILE) thermostat which exploits an analytic knowledge of the\nfree path integral normal mode frequencies. We also apply a recently-developed\ncolored-noise thermostat based on a generalized Langevin equation (GLE), which\nautomatically achieves a similar, frequency-optimized sampling. The sampling\nefficiencies of these thermostats are compared with that of the more\nconventional Nos\\'e-Hoover chain (NHC) thermostat for a number of physically\nrelevant properties of the liquid water and hydrogen-in-palladium systems. In\nnearly every case, the new PILE thermostat is found to perform just as well as\nthe NHC thermostat while allowing for a computationally more efficient\nimplementation. The GLE thermostat also proves to be very robust delivering a\nnear-optimum sampling efficiency in all of the cases considered. We suspect\nthat these simple stochastic thermostats will therefore find useful application\nin many future PIMD simulations.",
        "positive": "Quantum critical behavior of clean itinerant ferromagnets: We consider the quantum ferromagnetic transition at zero temperature in clean\nitinerant electron systems. We find that the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson order\nparameter field theory breaks down since the electron-electron interaction\nleads to singular coupling constants in the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson functional.\nThese couplings generate an effective long-range interaction between the spin\nor order parameter fluctuations of the form 1/r^{2d-1}, with d the spatial\ndimension. This leads to unusual scaling behavior at the quantum critical point\nin 1 < d\\leq 3, which we determine exactly. We also discuss the\nquantum-to-classical crossover at small but finite temperatures, which is\ncharacterized by the appearance of multiple temperature scales. A comparison\nwith recent results on disordered itinerant ferromagnets is given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The transition from order to disorder in Voronoi Diagrams with\n  applications: The transition from ordered to disordered structures in Voronoi tessellation\nis obtained by perturbing the seeds that were originally identified with two\ntypes of lattice in 2D and one type in 3D. The area in 2D and the volume in 3D\nare modeled with the Kiang function. A new relationship that models the scaling\nof the Kiang function with a geometrical parameter is introduced. A first\napplication models the local structure of sub- and supercritical ammonia as\nfunction of the temperature and a second application models the volumes of\ncosmic voids.",
        "positive": "Distance statistics in random media: high dimension and/or high\n  neighborhood order cases: Consider an unlimited homogeneous medium disturbed by points generated via\nPoisson process. The neighborhood of a point plays an important role in spatial\nstatistics problems. Here, we obtain analytically the distance statistics to\n$k$th nearest neighbor in a $d$-dimensional media. Next, we focus our attention\nin high dimensionality and high neighborhood order limits. High dimensionality\nmakes distance distribution behavior as a delta sequence, with mean value equal\nto Cerf's conjecture. Distance statistics in high neighborhood order converges\nto a Gaussian distribution. The general distance statistics can be applied to\ndetect departures from Poissonian point distribution hypotheses as proposed by\nThompson and generalized here."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the mean-field spherical model: Exact solutions are obtained for the mean-field spherical model, with or\nwithout an external magnetic field, for any finite or infinite number N of\ndegrees of freedom, both in the microcanonical and in the canonical ensemble.\nThe canonical result allows for an exact discussion of the loci of the Fisher\nzeros of the canonical partition function. The microcanonical entropy is found\nto be nonanalytic for arbitrary finite N. The mean-field spherical model of\nfinite size N is shown to be equivalent to a mixed isovector/isotensor\nsigma-model on a lattice of two sites. Partial equivalence of statistical\nensembles is observed for the mean-field spherical model in the thermodynamic\nlimit. A discussion of the topology of certain state space submanifolds yields\ninsights into the relation of these topological quantities to the thermodynamic\nbehavior of the system in the presence of ensemble nonequivalence.",
        "positive": "Swirling Granular Matter: From Rotation to Reptation: A novel effect in a granular material under swirling motion of the container\nis presented. At low packing densities the material rotates in the same\ndirection as the swirling motion of the container (rotation). At higher\ndensities the cluster of granular material rotates in opposite direction\n(reptation). The change of the direction of the motion of the cluster takes\nplace at a critical packing density while the diffusion coefficient changes\nsignificantly. The measured critical density of the packing is in good\nagreement with results obtained by molecular dynamics simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature dependence of thermal conductivities of coupled rotator\n  lattice and the momentum diffusion in standard map: In contrary to other 1D momentum-conserving lattices such as the\nFermi-Pasta-Ulam $\\beta$ (FPU-$\\beta$) lattice, the 1D coupled rotator lattice\nis a notable exception which conserves total momentum while exhibits normal\nheat conduction behavior. The temperature behavior of the thermal\nconductivities of 1D coupled rotator lattice had been studied in previous works\ntrying to reveal the underlying physical mechanism for normal heat conduction.\nHowever, two different temperature behaviors of thermal conductivities have\nbeen claimed for the same coupled rotator lattice. These different temperature\nbehaviors also intrigue the debate whether there is a phase transition of\nthermal conductivities as the function of temperature. In this work, we will\nrevisit the temperature dependent thermal conductivities for the 1D coupled\nrotator lattice. We find that the temperature dependence follows a power law\nbehavior which is different with the previously found temperature behaviors.\nOur results also support the claim that there is no phase transition for 1D\ncoupled rotator lattice. We also give some discussion about the similarity of\ndiffusion behaviors between the 1D coupled rotator lattice and the single\nkicked rotator also called the Chirikov standard map.",
        "positive": "Exclusion processes on networks as models for cytoskeletal transport: We present a study of exclusion processes on networks as models for complex\ntransport phenomena and in particular for active transport of motor proteins\nalong the cytoskeleton. We argue that active transport processes on networks\nspontaneously develop density heterogeneities at various scales. These\nheterogeneities can be regulated through a variety of multi-scale factors, such\nas the interplay of exclusion interactions, the non-equilibrium nature of the\ntransport process and the network topology.\n  We show how an effective rate approach allows to develop an understanding of\nthe stationary state of transport processes through complex networks from the\nphase diagram of one single segment. For exclusion processes we rationalize\nthat the stationary state can be classified in three qualitatively different\nregimes: a homogeneous phase as well as inhomogeneous network and segment\nphases.\n  In particular, we present here a study of the stationary state on networks of\nthree paradigmatic models from non-equilibrium statistical physics: the totally\nasymmetric simple exclusion process, the partially asymmetric simple exclusion\nprocess and the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with Langmuir\nkinetics. With these models we can interpolate between equilibrium (due to\nbi-directional motion along a network or infinite diffusion) and\nout-of-equilibrium active directed motion along a network. The study of these\nmodels sheds further light on the emergence of density heterogeneities in\nactive phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-similarity, small-world, scale-free scaling, disassortativity, and\n  robustness in hierarchical lattices: In this paper, firstly, we study analytically the topological features of a\nfamily of hierarchical lattices (HLs) from the view point of complex networks.\nWe derive some basic properties of HLs controlled by a parameter $q$. Our\nresults show that scale-free networks are not always small-world, and support\nthe conjecture that self-similar scale-free networks are not assortative.\nSecondly, we define a deterministic family of graphs called small-world\nhierarchical lattices (SWHLs). Our construction preserves the structure of\nhierarchical lattices, while the small-world phenomenon arises. Finally, the\ndynamical processes of intentional attacks and collective synchronization are\nstudied and the comparisons between HLs and Barab{\\'asi}-Albert (BA) networks\nas well as SWHLs are shown. We show that degree distribution of scale-free\nnetworks does not suffice to characterize their synchronizability, and that\nnetworks with smaller average path length are not always easier to synchronize.",
        "positive": "Streched exponential in non-linear stochastic filed theories: We consider the time dependent two point function, <\\phi_q (t) \\phi_-q (0)>\nin non-linear stochastic field theories, for which the KPZ equation serves as a\nprototype. In particular we consider the small q's and long times such that\n\\omega_q t>>1 (\\omega_q being the corresponding decay rate). We find that,\nsince the generic case has \\omega_q \\propto q^\\mu for small q where \\mu>1, the\ndecay of the two point function is given by a streched exponential in \\omega_qt\nmultiplied by a factor of t, <\\phi_q (t) \\phi_-q (0)> \\propto\nt^{\\beta_d}exp[-\\gamma(\\omega_qt)^{1/\\mu}], where \\beta_d=(d-1)/2\\mu, d is the\ndimensionality of space and \\gamma a dimensionless constant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local scale-invariance in ageing phenomena: Many materials quenched into their ordered phase undergo ageing and there\nshow dynamical scaling. For any given dynamical exponent z, this can be\nextended to a new form of local scale-invariance which acts as a dynamical\nsymmetry. The scaling functions of the two-time correlation and response\nfunctions of ferromagnets with a non-conserved order parameter are determined.\nThese results are in agreement with analytical and numerical studies of various\nmodels, especially the kinetic Glauber-Ising model in 2 and 3 dimensions.",
        "positive": "Functional-renormalization-group approach to classical liquids with\n  short-range repulsion: a scheme without repulsive reference system: The renormalization-group approaches for classical liquids in previous works\nrequire a repulsive reference such as a hard-core one when applied to systems\nwith short-range repulsion. The need for the reference is circumvented here by\nusing a functional renormalization group approach for integrating the\nhierarchical flow of correlation functions along a path of variable interatomic\ncoupling. We introduce the cavity distribution functions to avoid the\nappearance of divergent terms and choose a path to reduce the error caused by\nthe decomposition of higher order correlation functions. We demonstrate using\nan exactly solvable one-dimensional models that the resulting scheme yields\naccurate thermodynamic properties and interatomic distribution at various\ndensities when compared to integral-equation methods such as the hypernetted\nchain and the Percus-Yevick equation, even in the case where our hierarchical\nequations are truncated with the Kirkwood superposition approximation, which is\nvalid for low-density cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of the Boltzmann equation for low-temperature transport\n  coefficients in metals I: Scattering by phonons, antiferromagnons, and\n  helimagnons: We present a technique for an exact solution of the linearized Boltzmann\nequation for the electrical and thermal transport coefficients in metals in the\nlow-temperature limit. This renders unnecessary an uncontrolled approximation\nthat has been used in all previous solutions of the integral equations for the\ntransport coefficients. Applications include electron-phonon scattering in\nnonmagnetic metals, as well as the magnon contribution to the electrical and\nthermal conductivities, and to the thermopower, in metallic ferromagnets,\nantiferromagnets, and helimagnets. In this paper, the first of a pair, we set\nup the technique and apply it to the scattering of electrons by phonons,\nantiferromagnons, and helimagnons. We show that the Bloch $T^5$ law for the\nelectrical resistivity, the $T^2$ law for the thermal resistivity, and the $T$\nlaw for the thermopower due to phonon and antiferromagnon scattering are exact,\nand determine the prefactors exactly. The corresponding exact results for\nhelimagnons are $T^{5/2}$, $T^{1/2}$, and $T$, respectively. In a second paper\nwe will consider the scattering by ferromagnons.",
        "positive": "Surface critical behavior of the three-dimensional O(3) model: We report results of high-precision Monte Carlo simulations of a\nthree-dimensional lattice model in the O(3) universality class, in the presence\nof a surface. By a finite-size scaling analysis we have proven the existence of\na special surface transition, computed the associated critical exponents, and\nshown the presence of an extraordinary phase with logarithmically decaying\ncorrelations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarse grains: the emergence of space and order: The emergence of macroscopic variables can be effected through {\\it coarse\ngraining}. Despite practical and fundamental benefits conveyed by this\npartitioning of state space, the apparently subjective nature of the selection\nof coarse grains has been considered problematic. We provide objective\nselection methods, deriving from the existence of relatively slow dynamical\ntime scales. Using a framework for nonequilibrium statistical mechanics\ndeveloped by us, we show the emergence of both spatial variables and order\nparameters. Although significant objective criteria are introduced in the\ncoarse graining, we do not provide a unique prescription. Most significantly,\nthe grains, and by implication entropy, are only defined modulo a\ncharacteristic time scale of observation.",
        "positive": "Spin Dephasing in the Extended Strong Collision Approximation: For Markovian dynamics of field fluctuations we present here an extended\nstrong collision approximation, thereby putting our previous strong collision\napproach (Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 4215) into a systematic framework. Our new\napproach provides expressions for the free induction and spin echo\nmagnetization decays that may be solved analytically or at least numerically.\nIt is tested for the generic cases of dephasing due to an Anderson-Weiss\nprocess and due to restricted diffusion in a linear field gradient."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evidence for sharper than expected transition between metastable and\n  unstable states: In mean-field theory, i.e. infinite-range interactions, the transition\nbetween metastable and unstable states of a thermodynamic system is sharp. The\nmetastable and the unstable states are separated by a spinodal curve. For\nsystems with short-range interaction the transition between metastable and\nunstable states has been thought of as gradual. We show evidence, that one can\ndefine a sharp border between the two regions. We have analysed the lifetimes\nof states by considering the relaxation trajectories following a quench. The\naverage lifetimes, as a function of the quench depth into the two-phase region,\nshows a very sharp drop defining a limit of stability for metastable states.\nUsing the limit of stability we define a line similar to a spinodal in the\ntwo-phase region.",
        "positive": "Anomalous vacuum energy and stability of a quantum liquid: We show that the vacuum (zero-point) energy of a low-temperature quantum\nliquid is a variable property which changes with the state of the system, in\nnotable contrast to the static vacuum energy in solids commonly considered. We\nfurther show that this energy is inherently anomalous: it decreases with\ntemperature and gives negative contribution to system's heat capacity. This\neffect operates in an equilibrium and macroscopic system, in marked contrast to\nsmall or out-of-equilibrium configurations discussed previously. We find that\nthe negative contribution is over-compensated by the positive term from the\nexcitation of longitudinal fluctuations and demonstrate how the overall\npositive heat capacity is related to the stability of a condensed phase at the\nmicroscopic level."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of noise-induced phase synchronization: In this article, we present a systematic study of the critical behavior of\nphase oscillators with multiplicative noise from a thermodynamic equilibrium\napproach. We have already presented the thermodynamics of phase noise\noscillators and mapped out in detail the behavior of free energy, entropy, and\nspecific heat in a previous work [P. D. Pinto, F.A. Oliveira, A.L.A. Penna,\nPhys. Rev. E 93, 052220 (2016)], in which we also introduced the concept of\nsynchronization field. This proved to be important in order to understand the\neffect of multiplicative noise in the synchronization of the system. Using this\napproach, our aim is now to study analytically the critical behavior of this\nsystem from which we derive a fluctuation-dissipation relation as well as the\ncritical exponents associated with the order parameter, specific heat, and\nsusceptibility. We show that the exponents obey the Rushbrooke and Widom\nscaling laws.",
        "positive": "Truncated Levy Random Walks and Generalized Cauchy Processes: A continuous Markovian model for truncated Levy random walks is proposed. It\ngeneralizes the approach developed previously by Lubashevsky et al. Phys. Rev.\nE 79, 011110 (2009); 80, 031148 (2009), Eur. Phys. J. B 78, 207 (2010) allowing\nfor nonlinear friction in wondering particle motion and saturation of the noise\nintensity depending on the particle velocity. Both the effects have own reason\nto be considered and individually give rise to truncated Levy random walks as\nshown in the paper. The nonlinear Langevin equation governing the particle\nmotion was solved numerically using an order 1.5 strong stochastic Runge-Kutta\nmethod and the obtained numerical data were employed to calculate the geometric\nmean of the particle displacement during a certain time interval and to\nconstruct its distribution function. It is demonstrated that the time\ndependence of the geometric mean comprises three fragments following one\nanother as the time scale increases that can be categorized as the ballistic\nregime, the Levy type regime (superballistic, quasiballistic, or superdiffusive\none), and the standard motion of Brownian particles. For the intermediate Levy\ntype part the distribution of the particle displacement is found to be of the\ngeneralized Cauchy form with cutoff. Besides, the properties of the random\nwalks at hand are shown to be determined mainly by a certain ratio of the\nfriction coefficient and the noise intensity rather then their characteristics\nindividually."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Langevin formulation for single-file diffusion: We introduce a stochastic equation for the microscopic motion of a tagged\nparticle in the single file model. This equation provides a compact\nrepresentation of several of the system's properties such as\nFluctuation-Dissipation and Linear Response relations, achieved by means of a\ndiffusion noise approach. Most important, the proposed Langevin Equation\nreproduces quantitatively the \\emph{three} temporal regimes and the\ncorresponding time scales: ballistic, diffusive and subdiffusive.",
        "positive": "A Gibbsian approach to potential game theory: In games for which there exists a potential, the deviation-from-rationality\ndynamical model for which each agent's strategy adjustment follows the gradient\nof the potential along with a normally distributed random perturbation, is\nshown to equilibrate to a Gibbs measure. The standard Cournot model of an\noligopoly is shown not to have a phase transition, as it is equivalent to a\ncontinuum version of the Curie-Weiss model. However, when there is increased\nlocal competition among agents, a phase transition will likely occur. If the\noligopolistic competition has power-law falloff and there is increased local\ncompetition among agents, then the model has a rich phase diagram with an\nantiferromagnetic checkerboard state, striped states and maze-like states with\nvarying widths, and finally a paramagnetic state. Such phases have economic\nimplications as to how agents compete given various restrictions on how goods\nare distributed. The standard Cournot model corresponds to a uniform\ndistribution of goods, whereas the power-law variations correspond to goods for\nwhich the distribution is more localized."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase coexistence and spatial correlations in reconstituting k-mer\n  models: In reconstituting k-mer models, extended objects which occupy several sites\non a one dimensional lattice, undergo directed or undirected diffusion, and\nreconstitute -when in contact- by transferring a single monomer unit from one\nk-mer to the other; the rates depend on the size of participating k-mers. This\npolydispersed system has two conserved quantities, the number of k-mers and the\npacking fraction. We provide a matrix product method to write the steady state\nof this model and to calculate the spatial correlation functions analytically.\nWe show that for a constant reconstitution rate, the spatial correlation\nexhibits damped oscillations in some density regions separated, from other\nregions with exponential decay, by a disorder surface. In a specific limit,\nthis constant-rate reconstitution model is equivalent to a single dimer model\nand exhibits a phase coexistence similar to the one observed earlier in totally\nasymmetric simple exclusion process on a ring with a defect.",
        "positive": "The Gibbs paradox revisited from the fluctuation theorem with absolute\n  irreversibility: The inclusion of the factor $\\ln (1/N!)$ in the thermodynamic entropy\nproposed by Gibbs is shown to be equivalent to the validity of the fluctuation\ntheorem with absolute irreversibility for gas mixing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Flory theory for Polymers: We review various simple analytical theories for homopolymers within a\nunified framework. The common guideline of our approach is the Flory theory,\nand its various avatars, with the attempt of being reasonably self-contained.\nWe expect this review to be useful as an introduction to the topic at the\ngraduate students level.",
        "positive": "Scaling in Small-World Resistor Networks: We study the effective resistance of small-world resistor networks. Utilizing\nrecent analytic results for the propagator of the Edwards-Wilkinson process on\nsmall-world networks, we obtain the asymptotic behavior of the\ndisorder-averaged two-point resistance in the large system-size limit. We find\nthat the small-world structure suppresses large network resistances: both the\naverage resistance and its standard deviation approaches a finite value in the\nlarge system-size limit for any non-zero density of random links. We also\nconsider a scenario where the link conductance decays as a power of the length\nof the random links, $l^{-\\alpha}$. In this case we find that the average\neffective system resistance diverges for any non-zero value of $\\alpha$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time-dependent properties of run-and-tumble particles: Density\n  relaxation: We characterize collective diffusion of hardcore run-and-tumble particles\n(RTPs) by explicitly calculating the bulk-diffusion coefficient $D(\\rho,\n\\gamma)$ in two minimal models on a $d$ dimensional periodic lattice for\narbitrary density $\\rho$ and tumbling rate $\\gamma$. We focus on two models:\nModel I is the standard version of hardcore RTPs [Phys. Rev. E \\textbf{89},\n012706 (2014)], whereas model II is a long-ranged lattice gas (LLG) with\nhardcore exclusion - an analytically tractable variant of model I; notably,\nboth models are found to have qualitatively similar features. In the\nstrong-persistence limit $\\gamma \\rightarrow 0$ (i.e., dimensionless $r_0\n\\gamma /v \\rightarrow 0$), with $v$ and $r_{0}$ being the self-propulsion speed\nand particle diameter, respectively, the fascinating interplay between\npersistence and interaction is quantified in terms of two length scales - mean\ngap, or \"mean free path\", and persistence length $l_{p}=v/ \\gamma$. Indeed, for\na small tumbling rate, the bulk-diffusion coefficient varies as a power law in\na wide range of density: $D \\propto \\rho^{-\\alpha}$, with exponent $\\alpha$\ngradually crossing over from $\\alpha = 2$ at high densities to $\\alpha = 0$ at\nlow densities. Thus, the density relaxation is governed by a nonlinear\ndiffusion equation with anomalous spatiotemporal scaling. Moreover, in the\nthermodynamic limit, we show that the bulk-diffusion coefficient - for\n$\\rho,\\gamma \\rightarrow 0$ with $\\rho/\\gamma$ fixed - has a scaling form\n$D(\\rho, \\gamma) = D^{(0)}\\mathcal{F}(\\psi=\\rho a v/\\gamma)$, where $a\\sim\nr_{0}^{d-1}$ is particle cross-section and $D^{(0)}$ is proportional to the\ndiffusivity of noninteracting particles; the scaling function\n$\\mathcal{F}(\\psi)$ is calculated analytically for model I and numerically for\nmodel II. Our arguments are independent of dimensions and microscopic details.",
        "positive": "Current fluctuations in the zero-range process with open boundaries: We discuss the long-time limit of the integrated current distribution for the\none-dimensional zero-range process with open boundaries. We observe that the\ncurrent fluctuations become site-dependent above some critical current and\nargue that this is a precursor of the condensation transition which occurs in\nsuch models. Our considerations for the totally asymmetric zero-range process\nare complemented by a Bethe ansatz treatment for the equivalent exclusion\nprocess."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary dependence of the coupling constant and the mass in the vector\n  N-component $(\u03bb\u03c6^{4})_{D}$ theory: Using the Matsubara formalism, we consider the massive $(\\lambda\n\\phi^{4})_{D}$ vector $N$-component model in the large $N$ limit, the system\nbeing confined between two infinite paralell planes. We investigate the\nbehavior of the coupling constant as a function of the separation $L$ between\nthe planes. For the Wick-ordered model in $D = 3$ we are able to give an exact\nformula to the $L$-dependence of the coupling constant. For the\nnon-Wick-ordered model we indicate how expressions for the coupling constant\nand the mass can be obtained for arbitrary dimension $D$ in the small-$L$\nregime. Closed exact formulas for the $L$-dependent renormalized coupling\nconstant and mass are obtained in $D = 3$ and their behaviors as functions of\n$L$ are displayed. We are also able to obtainn in generic dimension $D$, an\nequation for the critical value of $L$ corresponding to a second order phase\ntransition in terms of the Riemann $zeta$-function. In $D = 3$ a\nrenormalization is done and an explicit formula for the critical $L$ is given.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in a disordered system in and out of equilibrium: The equilibrium and non--equilibrium disorder induced phase transitions are\ncompared in the random-field Ising model (RFIM). We identify in the\ndemagnetized state (DS) the correct non-equilibrium hysteretic counterpart of\nthe T=0 ground state (GS), and present evidence of universality. Numerical\nsimulations in d=3 indicate that exponents and scaling functions coincide,\nwhile the location of the critical point differs, as corroborated by exact\nresults for the Bethe lattice. These results are of relevance for optimization,\nand for the generic question of universality in the presence of disorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling behavior of information entropy in explosive percolation\n  transitions: An explosive percolation transition is the abrupt emergence of a giant\ncluster at a threshold caused by a suppression of the growth of large clusters.\nIn this paper, we consider the information entropy of the cluster size\ndistribution, which is the probability distribution for the size of a randomly\nchosen cluster. It has been reported that information entropy does not reach\nits maximum at the threshold in explosive percolation models, a result\nseemingly contrary to other previous results that the cluster size distribution\nshows power-law behavior and the cluster size diversity (number of distinct\ncluster sizes) is maximum at the threshold. Here, we show that this phenomenon\nis due to that the scaling form of the cluster size distribution is given\ndifferently below and above the threshold. We also establish the scaling\nbehaviors of the first and second derivatives of the information entropy near\nthe threshold to explain why the first derivative has a negative minimum at the\nthreshold and the second derivative diverges negatively (positively) at the\nleft (right) limit of the threshold, as predicted through previous simulation.",
        "positive": "Tree-hierarchy of DNA and distribution of Holliday junctions: We define a DNA as a sequence of $\\pm 1$'s and embed it on a path of Cayley\ntree. Using group representation of the Cayley tree, we give a hierarchy of a\ncountable set of DNAs each of which 'lives' on the same Cayley tree. This\nhierarchy has property that each vertex of the Cayley tree belongs only to one\nof DNA. Then we give a model (energy, Hamiltonian) of this set of DNAs by an\nanalogue of Ising model with three spin values (considered as DNA base pairs)\non a set of admissible configurations. To study thermodynamic properties of the\nmodel of DNAs we describe corresponding translation invariant Gibbs measures\n(TIGM) of the model on the Cayley tree of order two. We show that there is a\ncritical temperature $T_{\\rm c}$ such that (i) if temperature $T>T_{\\rm c}$\nthen there exists unique TIGM; (ii) if $T=T_{\\rm c}$ then there are two TIGMs;\n(iii) if $T<T_{\\rm c}$ then there are three TIGMs. Each such measure describes\na phase of the set of DNAs. We use these results to study distributions of\nHolliday junctions and branches of DNAs. In case of very high and very low\ntemperatures we give stationary distributions and typical configurations of the\nHolliday junctions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First order phase transition in the Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm: We simulate the quantum adiabatic algorithm (QAA) for the exact cover problem\nfor sizes up to N=256 using quantum Monte Carlo simulations incorporating\nparallel tempering. At large N we find that some instances have a discontinuous\n(first order) quantum phase transition during the evolution of the QAA. This\nfraction increases with increasing N and may tend to 1 for N -> infinity.",
        "positive": "Classical many-body chaos with and without quasiparticles: We study correlations, transport and chaos in a Heisenberg magnet as a\nclassical model many-body system. By varying temperature and dimensionality, we\ncan tune between settings with and without symmetry breaking and accompanying\ncollective modes or quasiparticles. We analyse both conventional and\nout-of-time-ordered spin correlators (`decorrelators') to track the spreading\nof a spatiotemporally localised perturbation -- the wingbeat of the butterfly\n-- as well as transport coefficients and Lyapunov exponents. We identify a\nnumber of qualitatively different regimes. Trivially, at $T=0$, there is no\ndynamics at all. In the limit of low temperature, $T=0^+$, integrability\nemerges, with infinitely long-lived magnons; here the wavepacket created by the\nperturbation propagates ballistically, yielding a lightcone at the spin wave\nvelocity which thus subsumes the butterfly velocity; inside the lightcone, a\npattern characteristic of the free spin wave spectrum is visible at short\ntimes. On top of this, residual interactionslead to spin wave lifetimes which,\nwhile divergent in this limit, remain finite at any nonzero $T$. At the longest\ntimes, this leads to a `standard' chaotic regime; for this regime, we show that\nthe Lyapunov exponent is simply proportional to the inverse spin-wave lifetime.\nVisibly strikingly, between this and the `short-time' integrable regimes, a\nscarred regime emerges: here, the decorrelator is spatiotemporally highly\nnon-uniform, being dominated by rare and random scattering events seeding\nsecondary lightcones. As the spin correlation length decreases with increasing\n$T$, the distinction between these regimes disappears and at high temperature\nthe previously studied chaotic paramagnetic regime emerges. For this, we\nelucidate how, somewhat counterintuitively, the ballistic butterfly velocity\narises from a diffusive spin dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The entropic origin of disassortativity in complex networks: Why are most empirical networks, with the prominent exception of social ones,\ngenerically degree-degree anticorrelated, i.e. disassortative? With a view to\nanswering this long-standing question, we define a general class of\ndegree-degree correlated networks and obtain the associated Shannon entropy as\na function of parameters. It turns out that the maximum entropy does not\ntypically correspond to uncorrelated networks, but to either assortative\n(correlated) or disassortative (anticorrelated) ones. More specifically, for\nhighly heterogeneous (scale-free) networks, the maximum entropy principle\nusually leads to disassortativity, providing a parsimonious explanation to the\nquestion above. Furthermore, by comparing the correlations measured in some\nreal-world networks with those yielding maximum entropy for the same degree\nsequence, we find a remarkable agreement in various cases. Our approach\nprovides a neutral model from which, in the absence of further knowledge\nregarding network evolution, one can obtain the expected value of correlations.\nIn cases in which empirical observations deviate from the neutral predictions\n-- as happens in social networks -- one can then infer that there are specific\ncorrelating mechanisms at work.",
        "positive": "A measure of the violation of the 'detailed balance' criterion: a\n  possible definition of a 'distance' from equilibrium: Motivated by the classification of non-equilibrium steady states suggested by\nR.K.P. Zia and B. Schmittmann in J. Stat. Mech. P07012 (2007), we propose to\nmeasure the violation of the 'detailed balance' criterion by the $p$-norm\n($||K||_p$) of the matrix formed by the probability currents. Its asymptotic\nanalysis, for the totally asymmetric exclusion process, motivates the\ndefinition of a 'distance' from equilibrium $K^*$ obtained for $p=1$. In\naddition, we show that the latter quantity and the average activity $A^*$ are\nboth related to the probability distribution of the entropy production.\nFinally, considering the open-ASEP and open-ZRP, we show that the current of\nparticles gives an exact measure of the violation of 'detailed balance'."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Localization-delocalization transition of a reaction-diffusion front\n  near a semipermeable wall: The A+B --> C reaction-diffusion process is studied in a system where the\nreagents are separated by a semipermeable wall. We use reaction-diffusion\nequations to describe the process and to derive a scaling description for the\nlong-time behavior of the reaction front. Furthermore, we show that a critical\nlocalization-delocalization transition takes place as a control parameter which\ndepends on the initial densities and on the diffusion constants is varied. The\ntransition is between a reaction front of finite width that is localized at the\nwall and a front which is detached and moves away from the wall. At the\ncritical point, the reaction front remains at the wall but its width diverges\nwith time [as t^(1/6) in mean-field approximation].",
        "positive": "Topics in coarsening phenomena: These lecture notes give a very short introduction to coarsening phenomena\nand summarize some recent results in the field. They focus on three aspects:\nthe super-universality hypothesis, the geometry of growing structures, and\ncoarsening in the spiral kinetically constrained model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal response of nonequilibrium RC-circuits: We analyze experimental data obtained from an electrical circuit having\ncomponents at different temperatures, showing how to predict its response to\ntemperature variations. This illustrates in detail how to utilize a recent\nlinear response theory for nonequilibrium overdamped stochastic systems. To\nvalidate these results, we introduce a reweighting procedure that mimics the\nactual realization of the perturbation and allows extracting the susceptibility\nof the system from steady state data. This procedure is closely related to\nother fluctuation-response relations based on the knowledge of the steady state\nprobability distribution. As an example, we show that the nonequilibrium heat\ncapacity in general does not correspond to the correlation between the energy\nof the system and the heat flowing into it. Rather, also non-dissipative\naspects are relevant in the nonequilbrium fluctuation response relations.",
        "positive": "Photon Counting Statistics For Blinking CdSe-ZnS Quantum Dots: A Levy\n  Walk Process: This paper has been withdrawn by the authors due to a copyright conflict with\nthe Journal of Physical Chemistry, to which it has been submitted."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion and Correlations in Lattice Gas Automata: We present an analysis of diffusion in terms of the spontaneous density\nfluctuations in a non-thermal two-species fluid modeled by a lattice gas\nautomaton. The power spectrum of the density correlation function is computed\nwith statistical mechanical methods, analytically in the hydrodynamic limit,\nand numerically from a Boltzmann expression for shorter time and space scales.\nIn particular we define an observable -- the weighted difference of the species\ndensities -- whose fluctuation correlations yield the diffusive mode\nindependently of the other modes so that the corresponding power spectrum\nprovides a measure of diffusion dynamics solely. Automaton simulations are\nperformed to obtain measurements of the spectral density over the complete\nrange of wavelengths (from the microscopic scale to the macroscopic scale of\nthe automaton universe). Comparison of the theoretical results with the\nnumerical experiments data yields the following results: (i) the spectral\nfunctions of the lattice gas fluctuations are in accordance with those of a\nclassical `non-thermal' fluid; (ii) the Landau-Placzek theory, obtained as the\nhydrodynamic limit of the Boltzmann theory, describes the spectra correctly in\nthe long wavelength limit; (iii) at shorter wavelengths and at moderate\ndensities the complete Boltzmann theory provides good agreement with the\nsimulation data. These results offer convincing validation of lattice gas\nautomata as a microscopic approach to diffusion phenomena in fluid systems.",
        "positive": "Economic Fluctuations and Diffusion: Stock price changes occur through transactions, just as diffusion in physical\nsystems occurs through molecular collisions. We systematically explore this\nanalogy and quantify the relation between trading activity - measured by the\nnumber of transactions $N_{\\Delta t}$ - and the price change $G_{\\Delta t}$,\nfor a given stock, over a time interval $[t, t+\\Delta t]$. To this end, we\nanalyze a database documenting every transaction for 1000 US stocks over the\ntwo-year period 1994-1995. We find that price movements are equivalent to a\ncomplex variant of diffusion, where the diffusion coefficient fluctuates\ndrastically in time. We relate the analog of the diffusion coefficient to two\nmicroscopic quantities: (i) the number of transactions $N_{\\Delta t}$ in\n$\\Delta t$, which is the analog of the number of collisions and (ii) the local\nvariance $w^2_{\\Delta t}$ of the price changes for all transactions in $\\Delta\nt$, which is the analog of the local mean square displacement between\ncollisions. We study the distributions of both $N_{\\Delta t}$ and $w_{\\Delta\nt}$, and find that they display power-law tails. Further, we find that\n$N_{\\Delta t}$ displays long-range power-law correlations in time, whereas\n$w_{\\Delta t}$ does not. Our results are consistent with the interpretation\nthat the pronounced tails of the distribution of $G_{\\Delta t} are due to\n$w_{\\Delta t}$, and that the long-range correlations previously found for $|\nG_{\\Delta t} |$ are due to $N_{\\Delta t}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Mechanics of Dynamical Systems With Topological Phase\n  Transitions: Dynamical system properties give rise to effects in Statistical Mechanics.\nTopological index changes can be the basis for phase transitions. The Euler\ncharacteristic is a versatile topological invariant that can be evaluated for\nmodel systems. These recent developments in the foundations of Statistical\nMechanics, that are giving new results, provide insight into the statistical\nthermodynamics of small N systems, such as molecular and spin clusters.\n  This paper uses model systems to give a basis for redefining partition\nfunctions in classical statistical mechanics. It includes the properties of\ndynamical systems, namely, KAM Torii, singular points and chaotic regions. The\nequipotential surfaces and the Morse and Euler index for it are defined. The\nconditions for the toplogy change in configuration space, and its effect on the\npartition function and the ensemble average quantities is found. The\njustification for topological phase transitions and their thermodynamic\ninterpretation are discussed.",
        "positive": "Zeroes of the Jones polynomial: We study the distribution of zeroes of the Jones polynomial $V_K(t)$ for a\nknot $K$. We have computed numerically the roots of the Jones polynomial for\nall prime knots with $N\\leq 10$ crossings, and found the zeroes scattered about\nthe unit circle $|t|=1$ with the average distance to the circle approaching a\nnonzero value as $N$ increases.\n  For torus knots of the type $(m,n)$ we show that all zeroes lie on the unit\ncircle with a uniform density in the limit of either $m$ or $n\\to \\infty$, a\nfact confirmed by our numerical findings. We have also elucidated the relation\nconnecting the Jones polynomial with the Potts model, and used this relation to\nderive the Jones polynomial for a repeating chain knot with $3n$ crossings for\ngeneral $n$. It is found that zeroes of its Jones polynomial lie on three\nclosed curves centered about the points $1, i$ and $-i$. In addition, there are\ntwo isolated zeroes located one each near the points $t_\\pm = e^{\\pm 2\\pi i/3}$\nat a distance of the order of $3^{-(n+2)/2}$. Closed-form expressions are\ndeduced for the closed curves in the limit of $n\\to \\infty$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Higher-Order Heat-Type Equations via signed L\u00e9vy stable and\n  generalized Airy functions: We study the higher-order heat-type equation with first time and M-th spatial\npartial derivatives, M = 2, 3, ... . We demonstrate that its exact solutions\nfor M even can be constructed with the help of signed Levy stable functions.\nFor M odd the same role is played by a special generalization of Airy Ai\nfunction that we introduce and study. This permits one to generate the exact\nand explicit heat kernels pertaining to these equations. We examine\nanalytically and graphically the spacial and temporary evolution of particular\nsolutions for simple initial conditions.",
        "positive": "Visualization of Entanglement Geometry by Structural Optimization of\n  Tree Tensor Network: In tensor-network analysis of quantum many-body systems, it is of crucial\nimportance to employ a tensor network with a spatial structure suitable for\nrepresenting the state of interest. In the previous work [Hikihara et al.,\nPhys. Rev. Research 5, 013031 (2023)], we proposed a structural optimization\nalgorithm for tree-tensor networks. In this paper, we apply the algorithm to\nthe Rainbow-chain model, which has a product state of singlet pairs between\nspins separated by various distances as an approximate ground state. We then\ndemonstrate that the algorithm can successfully visualize the spatial pattern\nof spin-singlet pairs in the ground state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sparse polynomial space approach to dissipative quantum systems:\n  Application to the sub-ohmic spin-boson model: We propose a general numerical approach to open quantum systems with a\ncoupling to bath degrees of freedom. The technique combines the methodology of\npolynomial expansions of spectral functions with the sparse grid concept from\ninterpolation theory. Thereby we construct a Hilbert space of moderate\ndimension to represent the bath degrees of freedom, which allows us to perform\nhighly accurate and efficient calculations of static, spectral and dynamic\nquantities using standard exact diagonalization algorithms. The strength of the\napproach is demonstrated for the phase transition, critical behaviour, and\ndissipative spin dynamics in the spin boson model",
        "positive": "Strong fluctuation theorem for nonstationary nonequilibrium systems: We introduce a finite-time detailed fluctuation theorem for the environmental\nentropy of the form $\\tilde P(\\Delta S_{env}) = e^{\\Delta S_{env}} \\tilde\nP(-\\Delta S_{env})$ for an appropriately weighted probability density of the\nexternal entropy production in the environment. The fluctuation theorem is\nvalid for nonequilibrium systems with constant rates starting with an arbitrary\ninitial probability distribution. We discuss the implication of this new\nrelation for the case of a temperature quench in classical equilibrium systems.\nThe fluctuation theorem is tested numerically for a Markov jump process with\nsix states and for a surface growth model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-range correlated stationary Markovian processes: We introduce a new class of stochastic processes which are stationary,\nMarkovian and characterized by an infinite range of time-scales. By\ntransforming the Fokker-Planck equation of the process into a Schrodinger\nequation with an appropriate quantum potential we determine the asymptotic\nbehavior of the autocorrelation function of the process in an analytical way.\nWe find the conditions needed to observe a stationary long-range correlated\nMarkovian process. In the presence of long-range correlation, for selected\nvalues of the control parameters, the process has a 1/f-like spectral density\nfor low frequency values.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic Large Deviations of Counting Statistics in Open Quantum\n  Systems: We use a semi-Markov process method to calculate large deviations of counting\nstatistics for three open quantum systems, including a resonant two-level\nsystem and resonant three-level systems in the $\\Lambda$- and\n$V$-configurations. In the first two systems, radical solutions to the scaled\ncumulant generating functions are obtained. Although this is impossible in the\nthird system, since a general sixth-degree polynomial equation is present, we\nstill obtain asymptotically large deviations of the complex system. Our results\nshow that, in these open quantum systems, the large deviation rate functions at\nzero current are equal to two times the largest nonzero real parts of the\neigenvalues of operator $-{\\rm i}\\hat H$, where $\\hat H$ is a non-Hermitian\nHamiltonian, while at a large current, these functions possess a unified\nformula."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Replica Field Theory of the Dynamical Transition in Glassy Systems: The critical behaviour of the dynamical transition of glassy system is\ncontrolled by a Replica Symmetric action with n=1 replicas. The most divergent\ndiagrams in the loop expansion correspond at all orders to the solutions of a\nstochastic equation leading to perturbative dimensional reduction. The theory\ndescribe accurately numerical simulations of mean-field models.",
        "positive": "Finite-size effects from higher conservation laws for the\n  one-dimensional Bose gas: We consider a generalized Lieb-Liniger model, describing a one-dimensional\nBose gas with all its conservation laws appearing in the density matrix. This\nwill be the case for the generalized Gibbs ensemble, or when the conserved\ncharges are added to the Hamiltonian. The finite-size corrections are\ncalculated for the energy spectrum. Large-distance asymptotics of correlation\nfunctions are then determined using methods from conformal field theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stirling engine operating at low temperature difference: The paper develops the dynamics and thermodynamics of Stirling engines that\nrun with temperature differences below 100 0C. The working gas pressure is\nanalytically expressed using an alternative thermodynamic cycle. The shaft\ndynamics is studied using its rotational equation of motion. It is found that\nthe initial volumes of the cold and hot working gas play a non-negligible role\nin the functioning of the engine.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Langevin dynamics: a demonstration study of shear flow\n  fluctuations in a simple fluid: The present study is based on a recent success of the second-order stochastic\nfluctuation theory in describing time autocorrelations of equilibrium and\nnonequilibrium physical systems. In particular, it was shown to yield values of\nthe related deterministic parameters of the Langevin equation for a Couette\nflow in a microscopic Molecular Dynamics model of a simple fluid. In this paper\nwe find all the remaining constants of the stochastic dynamics, which is then\nnumerically simulated and directly compared with the original physical system.\nBy using these data, we study in detail the accuracy and precision of a\nsecond-order Langevin model for nonequilibrium physical systems, theoretically\nand computationally. In addition, an intriguing relation is found between an\napplied external force and cumulants of the resulting flow fluctuations. This\nis characterized by a linear dependence of athermal cumulant ratio, a new\nquantity introduced here."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-passage functionals of Brownian motion in logarithmic potentials\n  and heterogeneous diffusion: We study the statistics of random functionals\n$\\mathcal{Z}=\\int_{0}^{\\mathcal{T}}[x(t)]^{\\gamma-2}dt$, where $x(t)$ is the\ntrajectory of a one-dimensional Brownian motion with diffusion constant $D$\nunder the effect of a logarithmic potential $V(x)=V_0\\ln(x)$. The trajectory\nstarts from a point $x_0$ inside an interval entirely contained in the positive\nreal axis, and the motion is evolved up to the first-exit time $\\mathcal{T}$\nfrom the interval. We compute explicitly the PDF of $\\mathcal{Z}$ for\n$\\gamma=0$, and its Laplace transform for $\\gamma\\neq0$, which can be inverted\nfor particular combinations of $\\gamma$ and $V_0$. Then we consider the\ndynamics in $(0,\\infty)$ up to the first-passage time to the origin, and obtain\nthe exact distribution for $\\gamma>0$ and $V_0>-D$. By using a mapping between\nBrownian motion in logarithmic potentials and heterogeneous diffusion, we\nextend this result to functionals measured over trajectories generated by\n$\\dot{x}(t)=\\sqrt{2D}[x(t)]^{\\theta}\\eta(t)$, where $\\theta<1$ and $\\eta(t)$ is\na Gaussian white noise. We also emphasize how the different interpretations\nthat can be given to the Langevin equation affect the results. Our findings are\nillustrated by numerical simulations, with good agreement between data and\ntheory.",
        "positive": "Mechanism of irreversibility in a many-body systems: The mechanism of irreversible dynamics in the mixing systems is constructed\nin the frames of the classical mechanics laws. The offered mechanism can be\nfound only within the framework of the generalized Hamilton's formalism. The\ngeneralized formalism is created by expansion of the canonical Hamilton's\nformalism to the open systems. A formula, which expresses the entropy through\nthe work of subsystems interaction forces was obtained. The essential link\nbetween thermodynamics and classical mechanics was established."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic origin of universality in Casimir forces: The microscopic mechanisms for universality of Casimir forces between\nmacroscopic conductors are displayed in a model of classical charged fluids.\nThe model consists of two slabs in empty space at distance $d$ containing\nclassical charged particles in thermal equilibrium (plasma, electrolyte). A\ndirect computation of the average force per unit surface yields, at large\ndistance, the usual form of the Casimir force in the classical limit (up to a\nfactor 2 due to the fact that the model does not incorporate the magnetic part\nof the force). Universality originates from perfect screening sum rules obeyed\nby the microscopic charge correlations in conductors. If one of the slabs is\nreplaced by a macroscopic dielectric medium, the result of Lifshitz theory for\nthe force is retrieved. The techniques used are Mayer expansions and integral\nequations for charged fluids.",
        "positive": "A Model System of Mixed Ionized Gas Dynamics: The aim of this paper is to study a one dimensional model system of equations\nfor ionized gas dynamics at high temperature where the gas is a mixture of two\nkinds of monatomic gas. In addition to the mass density, pressure, temperature\nand particle velocity, degrees of ionization of both gases are also involved.\nBy assuming that the local thermal equilibrium is attained, Saha's ionization\nequations are added. Thus the equations are supplemented by the first and\nsecond law of thermodynamics, a single equation of state and, in addition, a\nset of thermodynamic equations. The equations constitute a strictly hyperbolic\nsystem, which guarantees that the initial value problem is well-posed locally\nin time for sufficiently smooth initial data. However the geometric properties\nof the system are rather complicated: in particular, we prove the existence of\na region where convexity (genuine nonlinearity) fails for forward and backward\ncharacteristic fields. Also we study thermodynamic properties of shock waves by\na detailed analysis of the Hugoniot locus, which is used in a mathematical\nstudy of existence and uniqueness of solutions to the shock tube problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An introduction to Monte Carlo methods: Monte Carlo simulations are methods for simulating statistical systems. The\naim is to generate a representative ensemble of configurations to access\nthermodynamical quantities without the need to solve the system analytically or\nto perform an exact enumeration. The main principles of Monte Carlo simulations\nare ergodicity and detailed balance. The Ising model is a lattice spin system\nwith nearest neighbor interactions that is appropriate to illustrate different\nexamples of Monte Carlo simulations. It displays a second order phase\ntransition between a disordered (high temperature) and ordered (low\ntemperature) phases, leading to different strategies of simulations. The\nMetropolis algorithm and the Glauber dynamics are efficient at high\ntemperature. Close to the critical temperature, where the spins display long\nrange correlations, cluster algorithms are more efficient. We introduce the\nrejection free (or continuous time) algorithm and describe in details an\ninteresting alternative representation of the Ising model using graphs instead\nof spins with the Worm algorithm. We conclude with an important discussion of\nthe dynamical effects such as thermalization and correlation time.",
        "positive": "Scaling behaviour under the influence of a homogeneous size-dependent\n  perturbation: We study the finite-size scaling behaviour at the critical point, resulting\nfrom the addition of a homogeneous size-dependent perturbation, decaying as an\ninverse power of the system size. The scaling theory is first formulated in a\ngeneral framework and then illustrated using three concrete problems for which\nexact results are obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimum bias for fast-switching free energy calculations: We derive the bias function that minimizes the statistical error of free\nenergy differences calculated in work-biased fast-switching simulations. The\noptimum bias function is compared to other bias functions using a particle\npulled through a viscous fluid as an illustrative example. Our analysis\nindicates that the uncertainty in the free energy is smallest if both dominant\nand typical work values are sampled with high frequency.",
        "positive": "Resonant quantum coherence of magnetization at excited states in\n  nanospin systems with different crystal symmetries: The quantum interference effects induced by the Wess-Zumino term, or Berry\nphase are studied theoretically in resonant quantum coherence of magnetization\nvector between degenerate excited states in nanometer-scale single-domain\nferromagnets in the absence of an external magnetic field. By applying the\nperiodic instanton method in the spin-coherent-state path integral, we evaluate\nthe low-lying tunnel splittings between degenerate excited states of\nneighboring wells. And the low-lying energy level spectrum of m-th excited\nstates are obtained with the help of the Bloch theorem in one-dimensional\nperiodic potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "CA Models for Traffic Flow: Comparison with Empirical Single-Vehicle\n  Data: Although traffic simulations with cellular-automata models give meaningful\nresults compared with empirical data, highway traffic requires a more detailed\ndescription of the elementary dynamics. Based on recent empirical results we\npresent a modified Nagel-Schreckenberg cellular automaton model which\nincorporates both a slow-to-start and an anticipation rule, which takes into\naccount especially brake lights. The focus in this article lies on the\ncomparison with empirical single-vehicle data.",
        "positive": "High-precision determination of universal amplitude ratios for the q=3\n  Potts model in 2d: Monte Carlo simulations and series expansion data for the energy, specific\nheat, magnetization and susceptibility of the 3-state Potts model on the square\nlattice are analyzed in the vicinity of the critical point in order to estimate\nuniversal combinations of critical amplitudes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The average avalanche size in the Manna Model and other models of\n  self-organised criticality: The average avalanche size can be calculated exactly in a number of models of\nself-organised criticality (SOC). While the calculation is straight-forward in\none dimension, it is more involved in higher dimensions and further complicated\nby the presence of different boundary conditions and different forms of\nexternal driving. Amplitudes of the leading order are determined analytically\nand evaluated to obtain analytical references for numerical work. A subtle link\nexists between the procedure to calculate the average avalanche size and the\nfield theory of SOC.",
        "positive": "Non-Debye relaxations: smeared time evolution, memory effects, and the\n  Laplace exponents: The non-Debye, \\textit{i.e.,} non-exponential, behavior characterizes a large\nplethora of dielectric relaxation phenomena. Attempts to find their theoretical\nexplanation are dominated either by considerations rooted in the stochastic\nprocesses methodology or by the so-called \\textsl{fractional dynamics} based on\nequations involving fractional derivatives which mimic the non-local time\nevolution and as such may be interpreted as describing memory effects. Using\nthe recent results coming from the stochastic approach we link memory functions\nwith the Laplace (characteristic) exponents of infinitely divisible probability\ndistributions and show how to relate the latter with experimentally measurable\nspectral functions characterizing relaxation in the frequency domain. This\nenables us to incorporate phenomenological knowledge into the evolution laws.\nTo illustrate our approach we consider the standard Havriliak-Negami and\nJurlewicz-Weron-Stanislavsky models for which we derive well-defined evolution\nequations. Merging stochastic and fractional dynamics approaches sheds also new\nlight on the analysis of relaxation phenomena which description needs going\nbeyond using the single evolution pattern. We determine sufficient conditions\nunder which such description is consistent with general requirements of our\napproach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium thermodynamic properties of binary hard-sphere mixtures from\n  integral equation theory: We present an equilibrium thermodynamic properties of binary hard-sphere\nmixtures from integral equation approach combined with the Percus-Yevick (PY)\nand the Martynov-Sarkisov (MS) approximations.\n  We use the virial, the compressibility and the\nBoubl\\'{i}k-Mansoori-Carnahan-Starling-Leland (BMCSL) equations of state in the\nPY approximation, while the virial equation of state is only employed in the MS\napproximation. We employ a closed-form expression for evaluating the excess\nchemical potential. The excess Helmholtz free energy is obtained using the\nEuler relation of thermodynamics. For a number of binary sets of the mixtures\nwe compare our findings for thermodynamic properties with previously obtained\nresults in the literature. Generally, the findings from the MS approximation\nshow better agreement with the results than those from the PY approximation.",
        "positive": "Extracting signatures of quantum criticality in the finite-temperature\n  behavior of many-body systems: We face the problem of detecting and featuring footprints of quantum\ncriticality in the finite-temperature behavior of quantum many-body systems.\nOur strategy is that of comparing the phase diagram of a system displaying a\nT=0 quantum phase transition with that of its classical limit, in order to\nsingle out the genuinely quantum effects. To this aim, we consider the\none-dimensional Ising model in a transverse field: while the quantum S=1/2\nIsing chain is exactly solvable and extensively studied, results for the\nclassical limit (infinite S) of such model are lacking, and we supply them\nhere. They are obtained numerically, via the Transfer-matrix method, and their\nasymptotic low-temperature behavior is also derived analytically by\nself-consistent spin-wave theory. We draw the classical phase-diagram according\nto the same procedure followed in the quantum analysis, and the two phase\ndiagrams are found unexpectedly similar: Three regimes are detected also in the\nclassical case, each characterized by a functional dependence of the\ncorrelation length on temperature and field analogous to that of the quantum\nmodel. What discriminates the classical from the quantum case are the different\nvalues of the exponents entering such dependencies, a consequence of the\ndifferent nature of zero-temperature quantum fluctuations with respect to\nthermal ones."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sequential Kibble-Zurek dynamics in the anisotropic Ising model of the\n  Si(001) surface: As a simplified description of the non-equilibrium dynamics of buckled dimers\non the Si(001) surface, we consider the anisotropic 2D Ising model and study\nthe freezing of spatial correlations during a cooling quench across the\ncritical point. The dependence of the frozen correlation lengths $\\xi_\\|$ and\n$\\xi_\\perp$ on the cooling rate obtained numerically matches the Kibble-Zurek\nscaling quite well. However, we also find that the ratio $\\xi_\\|/\\xi_\\perp$ of\ntheir frozen values deviates significantly from the ratio in equilibrium.\nSupported by analytical arguments, we explain this difference by the fact that\nthe deviation from equilibrium in the weakly coupled direction occurs earlier\nthan in the strongly coupled direction.",
        "positive": "Directed percolation in two dimensions: An exact solution: We consider a directed percolation process on an ${\\cal M}$ x ${\\cal N}$\nrectangular lattice whose vertical edges are directed upward with an occupation\nprobability y and horizontal edges directed toward the right with occupation\nprobabilities x and 1 in alternate rows. We deduce a closed-form expression for\nthe percolation probability P(x,y), the probability that one or more directed\npaths connect the lower-left and upper-right corner sites of the lattice. It is\nshown that P(x,y) is critical in the aspect ratio $a = {\\cal M}/{\\cal N}$ at a\nvalue $a_c =[1-y^2-x(1-y)^2]/2y^2$ where P(x,y) is discontinuous, and the\ncritical exponent of the correlation length for $a < a_c$ is $\\nu=2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Giant coherence in driven systems: We study the noise-induced currents and reliability or coherence of transport\nin two different classes of rocking ratchets. For this, we consider the motion\nof Brownian particles in the over damped limit in both adiabatic and\nnon-adiabatic regimes subjected to unbiased temporally symmetric and asymmetric\nperiodic driving force. In the case of a time symmetric driving, we find that\neven in the presence of a spatially symmetric simple sinusoidal potential,\nhighly coherent transport occurs. These ratchet systems exhibit giant coherence\nof transport in the regime of parameter space where unidirectional currents in\nthe deterministic case are observed. Outside this parameter range, i.e., when\ncurrent vanishes in the deterministic regime, coherence in transport is very\nlow. The transport coherence decreases as a function of temperature and is a\nnon-monotonic function of the amplitude of driving. The transport becomes\nunreliable as we go from the adiabatic to the non-adiabatic domain of\noperation.",
        "positive": "Dynamic Transitions in Pure Ising Magnets under Pulsed and Oscillating\n  Fields: Response of pure Ising systems to time-dependent external magnetic fields,\nlike pulsed and oscillating fields, are discussed and compared here. Because of\nthe two time scales involved, namely the thermodynamic relaxation time of the\nsystem and the pulse width or the time period of the external field,\ndynamically broken symmetric phases appear spontaneously when both become\ncomparable. A particularly simple case is that of an Ising ferromagnet below\nits static critical temperature, when it is perturbed for a short duration by a\npulsed magnetic field competing with the existing order in the system. If the\nfield strength and duration is more than the threshold (dependent on the\ntemperature), the system, and consequently the magnetization, switches from one\nminimum to the other of the static free energy. This magnetization reversal\ntransition here shows intriguing dynamic transition behaviour, similar to those\nfor oscillating fields. Monte Carlo studies for such dynamic transitions are\ndiscussed and compared with the mean field results for the same and the Monte\nCarlo results for the oscillating field case. In particular, we discuss about\nthe Monte Carlo results for the fluctuations and their growth behaviour near\nthis magnetization reversal (dynamic) transition point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distinguishing step relaxation mechanisms via pair correlation functions: Theoretical predictions of coupled step motion are tested by direct STM\nmeasurement of the fluctuations of near-neighbor pairs of steps on\nSi(111)-root3 x root3 R30 - Al at 970K. The average magnitude of the\npair-correlation function is within one standard deviation of zero, consistent\nwith uncorrelated near-neighbor step fluctuations. The time dependence of the\npair-correlation function shows no statistically significant agreement with the\npredicted t^1/2 growth of pair correlations via rate-limiting atomic diffusion\nbetween adjacent steps. The physical considerations governing uncorrelated step\nfluctuations occurring via random attachment/detachment events at the step edge\nare discussed.",
        "positive": "Effective action for stochastic partial differential equations: Stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) are the basic tool for\nmodeling systems where noise is important. In this paper we set up a functional\nintegral formalism and demonstrate how to extract all the one-loop physics for\nan arbitrary SPDE subject to arbitrary Gaussian noise. It is extremely\nimportant to realize that Gaussian noise does not imply that the field\nvariables undergo Gaussian fluctuations, and that these non-quantum field\ntheories are fully interacting. Experience with quantum field theories (QFTs)\nhas taught us that one-loop physics is often quite adequate to give a good\ndescription of the salient issues, and furthermore offers marked technical\nadvantages: We can sidestep the complications inherent in the\nMartin-Siggia-Rose formalism (the SPDE analog of the BRST formalism used in\nQFT) and instead focus attention on a minimalist approach that uses only the\nphysical fields (this ``direct approach'' is the SPDE analog of canonical\nquantization using physical fields.) We show how to define the effective action\nto all loops, and then focus on the one-loop effective action, and its\nspecialization to constant fields: the effective potential. An important result\nis that the amplitude of the two-point function governing the noise acts as the\nloop-counting parameter and is the analog of Planck's constant hbar in this\nSPDE context. We derive a general expression for the one-loop effective\npotential of an arbitrary SPDE subject to translation-invariant Gaussian noise,\nand compare this with the one-loop potential for QFT."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ergodicity and Central Limit Theorem in Systems with Long-Range\n  Interactions: In this letter we discuss the validity of the ergodicity hypothesis in\ntheories of violent relaxation in long-range interacting systems. We base our\nreasoning on the Hamiltonian Mean Field model and show that the life-time of\nquasi-stationary states resulting from the violent relaxation does not allow\nthe system to reach a complete mixed state. We also discuss the applicability\nof a generalization of the central limit theorem. In this context, we show that\nno attractor exists in distribution space for the sum of velocities of a\nparticle other than the Gaussian distribution. The long-range nature of the\ninteraction leads in fact to a new instance of sluggish convergence to a\nGaussian distribution.",
        "positive": "Neural Canonical Transformation with Symplectic Flows: Canonical transformation plays a fundamental role in simplifying and solving\nclassical Hamiltonian systems. We construct flexible and powerful canonical\ntransformations as generative models using symplectic neural networks. The\nmodel transforms physical variables towards a latent representation with an\nindependent harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian. Correspondingly, the phase space\ndensity of the physical system flows towards a factorized Gaussian distribution\nin the latent space. Since the canonical transformation preserves the\nHamiltonian evolution, the model captures nonlinear collective modes in the\nlearned latent representation. We present an efficient implementation of\nsymplectic neural coordinate transformations and two ways to train the model.\nThe variational free energy calculation is based on the analytical form of\nphysical Hamiltonian. While the phase space density estimation only requires\nsamples in the coordinate space for separable Hamiltonians. We demonstrate\nappealing features of neural canonical transformation using toy problems\nincluding two-dimensional ring potential and harmonic chain. Finally, we apply\nthe approach to real-world problems such as identifying slow collective modes\nin alanine dipeptide and conceptual compression of the MNIST dataset."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Atomistic View of Homogeneous Nucleation of Water into Polymorphic Ices: Water is one of the most abundant substances on Earth, and ice, i.e., solid\nwater, has more than 18 known phases. Normally ice in nature exists only as Ice\nIh, Ice Ic, or a stacking disordered mixture of both. Although many theoretical\nefforts have been devoted to understanding the thermodynamics of different ice\nphases at ambient temperature and pressure, there still remains many puzzles.\nWe simulated the reversible transitions between water and different ice phases\nby performing full atom molecular dynamics simulations. Using the enhanced\nsampling method MetaITS with the two selected X-ray diffraction peak\nintensities as collective variables, the ternary phase diagrams of liquid\nwater, ice Ih, ice Ic at multiple were obtained. We also present a simple\nphysical model which successfully explains the thermodynamic stability of ice.\nOur results agree with experiments and leads to a deeper understanding of the\nice nucleation mechanism.",
        "positive": "Theories of Glass Formation and the Glass Transition: This key-issues review is a plea for a new focus on simpler and more\nrealistic models of glass-forming fluids. It seems to me that we have too often\nbeen led astray by sophisticated mathematical models that beautifully capture\nsome of the most intriguing features of glassy behavior, but are too\nunrealistic to provide bases for predictive theories. As illustrations of what\nI mean, the first part of this article is devoted to brief summaries of\nimaginative, sensible, but disparate and often contradictory ideas for solving\nglass problems. Almost all of these ideas remain alive today, with their own\nenthusiastic advocates. I then describe numerical simulations, mostly by H.\nTanaka and coworkers, in which it appears that very simple, polydisperse\nsystems of hard disks and spheres develop long range, Ising-like,\nbond-orientational order as they approach glass transitions. Finally, I\nsummarize my recent proposal that topologically ordered clusters of particles,\nin disordered environments, tend to become aligned with each other as if they\nwere two-state systems, and thus produce the observed Ising-like behavior.\nNeither Tanaka's results nor my proposed interpretation of them fit comfortably\nwithin any of the currently popular glass theories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Drift-Controlled Anomalous Diffusion: A Solvable Gaussian Model: We introduce a Langevin equation characterized by a time dependent drift. By\nassuming a temporal power-law dependence of the drift we show that a great\nvariety of behavior is observed in the dynamics of the variance of the process.\nIn particular diffusive, subdiffusive, superdiffusive and stretched\nexponentially diffusive processes are described by this model for specific\nvalues of the two control parameters. The model is also investigated in the\npresence of an external harmonic potential. We prove that the relaxation to the\nstationary solution is power-law in time with an exponent controlled by one of\nmodel parameters.",
        "positive": "Hysteresis in the Ising model with Glauber dynamics: We use Glauber dynamics to study frequency and temperature dependence of\nhysteresis loops in the pure (without quenched disorder) Ising model on cubic,\nsquare, honeycomb lattices and random graphs. Results are discussed in the\ncontext of more extensive studies of hysteresis in the random field Ising\nmodel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-velocity diffusion on a comb: A Cattaneo equation for a comb structure is considered. We present a rigorous\nanalysis of the obtained fractional diffusion equation, and corresponding\nsolutions for the probability distribution function are obtained in the form of\nthe Fox $H$-function and its infinite series. The mean square displacement\nalong the backbone is obtained as well in terms of the infinite series of the\nFox $H$-function. The obtained solutions describe the transition from normal\ndiffusion to subdiffusion, which results from the comb geometry.",
        "positive": "Phase field modeling of wetting on structured surfaces: We study the dynamics and equilibrium profile shapes of contact lines for\nwetting in the case of a spatially inhomogeneous solid wall with stripe\ndefects. Using a phase-field model with conserved dynamics, we first\nnumerically determine the contact line behavior in the case of a stripe defect\nof varying width. For narrow defects, we find that the maximum distortion of\nthe contact line and the healing length are related to the defect width, while\nfor wide defects, they saturate to constant values. This behavior is in\nquantitative agreement with experimental data. In addition, we examine the\nshape of the contact line between two stripe defects as a function of their\nseparation. Using the phase-field model, we also analytically estimate the\ncontact line configuration, and find good qualitative agreement with the\nnumerical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dimensionality effects in dipolar fluids: Using classical density functional theory (DFT) in a modified mean-field\napproximation we investigate the fluid phase behavior of quasi-two dimensional\ndipolar fluids confined to a plane. The particles carry three-dimensional\ndipole moments and interact via a combination of hard-sphere, van-der-Waals,\nand dipolar interactions. The DFT predicts complex phase behavior involving\nfirst- and second-order isotropic-to-ferroelectric transitions, where the\nferroelectric ordering is characterized by global polarization within the\nplane. We compare this phase behavior, particularly the onset of ferroelectric\nordering and the related tricritical points, with corresponding\nthree-dimensional systems, slab-like systems (with finite extension into the\nthird direction), and true two-dimensional systems with two-dimensional dipole\nmoments.",
        "positive": "Hyperuniformity and phase separation in biased ensembles of trajectories\n  for diffusive systems: We analyse biased ensembles of trajectories for diffusive systems. In\ntrajectories biased either by the total activity or the total current, we use\nfluctuating hydrodynamics to show that these systems exhibit phase transtions\ninto `hyperuniform' states, where large-wavelength density fluctuations are\nstrongly suppressed. We illustrate this behaviour numerically for a system of\nhard particles in one dimension and we discuss how it appears in simple\nexclusion processes. We argue that these diffusive systems generically respond\nvery strongly to any non-zero bias, so that homogeneous states with \"normal\"\nfluctuations (finite compressibility) exist only when the bias is very weak."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological order from quantum loops and nets: I define models of quantum loops and nets which have ground states with\ntopological order. These make possible excited states comprised of deconfined\nanyons with non-abelian braiding. With the appropriate inner product, these\nquantum loop models are equivalent to net models whose topological weight\ninvolves the chromatic polynomial. A useful consequence is that the models have\na quantum self-duality, making it possible to find a simple Hamiltonian\npreserving the topological order. For the square lattice, this Hamiltonian has\nonly four-spin interactions.",
        "positive": "Multilane driven diffusive systems: We consider networks made of parallel lanes along which particles hop\naccording to driven diffusive dynamics. The particles also hop transversely\nfrom lane to lane, hence indirectly coupling their longitudinal dynamics. We\npresent a general method for constructing the phase diagram of these systems\nwhich reveals that in many cases their physics reduce to that of single-lane\nsystems. The reduction to an effective single-lane description legitimizes, for\ninstance, the use of a single TASEP to model the hopping of molecular motors\nalong the many tracks of a single microtubule. Then, we show how, in quasi-2D\nsettings, new phenomena emerge due to the presence of non-zero transverse\ncurrents, leading, for instance, to strong `shear localisation' along the\nnetwork."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic uncertainty relation for energy transport in transient\n  regime -- Model study: We investigate transient version of the recently discovered thermodynamic\nuncertainty relation (TUR) which provides a precision-cost trade-off relation\nfor certain out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic observables in terms of net\nentropy production. We explore this relation in the context of energy transport\nin a bipartite setting for three exactly solvable toy model systems (two\ncoupled harmonic oscillators, two coupled qubits and a hybrid coupled\noscillator-qubit system) and analyze the role played by the underlying\nstatistics of the transport carriers in TUR. Interestingly, for all these\nmodels, depending on the statistics, the TUR ratio can be expressed as a sum or\na difference of an universal term which is always greater or equal to 2 and a\ncorresponding entropy production term. We find that the generalized version of\nthe TUR, originating from the universal fluctuation symmetry is always\nsatisfied. However, interestingly, the specialized TUR, a tighter bound, is\nalways satisfied for the coupled harmonic oscillator system obeying\nBose-Einstein statistics. Whereas, for both the coupled qubit, obeying\nFermi-like statistics and the hybrid qubit-oscillator system with mixed\nFermi-Bose statistics, violation of tighter bound is observed in certain\nparameter regimes. We have provided conditions for such violations. We also\nprovide a rigorous proof following the non-equilibrium Green's function\napproach that the tighter bound is always satisfied in the weak-coupling regime\nfor generic bipartite systems.",
        "positive": "Entanglement front generated by an impurity travelling in an isolated\n  many-body quantum system: We investigate the effect on the entanglement dynamics of an impurity moving\nat constant velocity in a closed quantum system. We focus on one-dimensional\nstrongly-correlated lattice models, both in the presence of integrable and\nchaotic dynamics. In the former, the slow impurity is preceded by fast\nquasiparticles carrying an \"endogenous\" entanglement front which decays in time\nas a power-law; on the contrary, a fast impurity drags itself an \"exogenous\"\nentanglement front which never fades. We argue that these effects are valid for\ngeneric systems whose correlations propagate inside a light-cone. To assess the\nfully chaotic regime, we formulate a random circuit model which supports a\nmoving impurity and a sharp lightcone. Although the qualitative behavior is\nsimilar to the integrable case, the endogenous regime is only visible at short\ntimes due to the onset of diffusive energy transport. Our predictions are\nsupported by numerical simulations in the different regimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy rate of random walks on complex networks under stochastic\n  resetting: Stochastic processes under resetting at random times have attracted a lot of\nattention in recent years and served as illustrations of nontrivial and\ninteresting static and dynamic features of stochastic dynamics. In this paper,\nwe aim to address how the entropy rate is affected by stochastic resetting in\ndiscrete-time Markovian processes, and explore nontrivial effects of the\nresetting in the mixing properties of a stochastic process. In particular, we\nconsider resetting random walks on complex networks and compute the entropy\nrate as a function of the resetting probability. Interestingly, we find that\nthe entropy rate can show a nonmonotonic dependence on the resetting\nprobability. There exists an optimal resetting probability for which the\nentropy rate reaches a maximum. We also show that the maximum entropy rate can\nbe larger than that of the maximal-entropy random walks on the same topology.\nOur study provides a new nontrivial effect of stochastic resetting on\nnonequilibrium statistical physics.",
        "positive": "Surface Magnetization and Critical Behavior of Aperiodic Ising Quantum\n  Chains: We consider semi-infinite two-dimensional layered Ising models in the extreme\nanisotropic limit with an aperiodic modulation of the couplings. Using\nsubstitution rules to generate the aperiodic sequences, we derive functional\nequations for the surface magnetization. These equations are solved by\niteration and the surface magnetic exponent can be determined exactly. The\nmethod is applied to three specific aperiodic sequences, which represent\ndifferent types of perturbation, according to a relevance-irrelevance\ncriterion. On the Thue-Morse lattice, for which the modulation is an irrelevant\nperturbation, the surface magnetization vanishes with a square root\nsingularity, like in the homogeneous lattice. For the period-doubling sequence,\nthe perturbation is marginal and the surface magnetic exponent varies\ncontinuously with the modulation amplitude. Finally, the Rudin-Shapiro\nsequence, which corresponds to the relevant case, displays an anomalous surface\ncritical behavior which is analyzed via scaling considerations: Depending on\nthe value of the modulation, the surface magnetization either vanishes with an\nessential singularity or remains finite at the bulk critical point, i.e., the\nsurface phase transition is of first order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interface localization near criticality: The theory of interface localization in near-critical planar systems at phase\ncoexistence is formulated from first principles. We show that mutual\ndelocalization of two interfaces, amounting to interfacial wetting, occurs when\nthe bulk correlation length critical exponent $\\nu$ is larger than or equal to\n1. Interaction with a boundary or defect line involves an additional scale and\na dependence of the localization strength on the distance from criticality. The\nimplications are particularly rich in the boundary case, where delocalization\nproceeds through different renormalization patterns sharing the feature that\nthe boundary field becomes irrelevant in the delocalized regime. The boundary\ndelocalization (wetting) transition is shown to be continuous, with surface\nspecific heat and layer thickness exponents which can take values that we\ndetermine.",
        "positive": "Mechanism for Surface Waves in Vibrated Granular Material: We use molecular dynamics simulations to study the formation of surface waves\nin vertically vibrated granular material. We find that horizontal movements of\nparticles, which are essential for the formation of the waves, consist of two\ndistinct processes. First, the movements sharply increase while the particles\nare colliding with a bottom plate, where the duration of the collisions is very\nshort compared to the period of the vibration. Next, the movements gradually\ndecrease between the collisions, during which the particles move through the\nmaterial. We also find that the horizontal velocity field after the collisions\nis strongly correlated to the surface profile before the collisions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetization reversal in spin patterns with complex geometry: We study field-driven dynamics of spins with antiferromagnetic interaction\nalong the links of a complex substrate geometry, which is modeled by graphs of\na controlled connectivity distribution. The magnetization reversal occurs in\navalanches of spin flips, which are pinned by the topological constraints of\nthe underlying graph. The hysteresis loop and avalanche sizes are analyzed and\nclassified in terms of graph's connectivity and clustering. The results are\nrelevant for magnets with a hierarchical spatial inhomogeneity and for design\nof nanoscale magnetic devices.",
        "positive": "Stationary Self-Organized Fractal Structures in an Open,Dissipative\n  Electrical System: We study the stationary state of a Poisson problem for a system of N\nperfectly conducting metal balls driven by electric forces to move within a\nmedium of very low electrical conductivity onto which charges are sprayed from\noutside. When grounded at a confining boundary, the system of metal balls is\nexperimentally known to self-organize into stable fractal aggregates. We\nsimulate the dynamical conditions leading to the formation of such aggregated\npatterns and analyse the fractal properties. From our results and those\nobtained for steady-state systems that obey minimum total energy dissipation\n(and potential energy of the system as a whole), we suggest a possible\ndynamical rule for the emergence of scale-free structures in nature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface Driven Bulk Reconstruction of Gold Nanorods: Molecular dynamic simulations are used to study the heating of a gold nanorod\nof 2624 atoms. We show that roughening of surface {110} facets leads to a shape\ntransformation and structural rearrangement of surface and bulk atoms in the\nrod, in order to reach a more stable configuration. Our results show that the\nstability of the nanorod is governed by the free energetics of the surface\nfacets.",
        "positive": "Nonuniversal Entanglement Level Statistics in Projection-driven Quantum\n  Circuits: We study the level-spacing statistics in the entanglement spectrum of output\nstates of random universal quantum circuits where qubits are subject to a\nfinite probability of projection to the computational basis at each time step.\nWe encounter two phase transitions with increasing projection rate: The first\nis the volume-to-area law transition observed in quantum circuits with\nprojective measurements; The second separates the pure Poisson level statistics\nphase at large projective measurement rates from a regime of residual level\nrepulsion in the entanglement spectrum within the area-law phase, characterized\nby non-universal level spacing statistics that interpolates between the\nWigner-Dyson and Poisson distributions. By applying a tensor network\ncontraction algorithm introduced in Ref. [1] to the circuit spacetime, we\nidentify this second projective-measurement-driven transition as a percolation\ntransition of entangled bonds. The same behavior is observed in both circuits\nof random two-qubit unitaries and circuits of universal gate sets, including\nthe set implemented by Google in its Sycamore circuits."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gradient Clogging in Depth Filtration: We investigate clogging in depth filtration, in which a dirty fluid is\n``cleaned'' by the trapping of dirt particles within the pore space during flow\nthrough a porous medium. This leads to a gradient percolation process which\nexhibits a power law distribution for the density of trapped particles at\ndownstream distance x from the input. To achieve a non-pathological clogging\n(percolation) threshold, the system length L should scale no faster than a\npower of ln w, where w is the width. Non-trivial behavior for the permeability\narises only in this extreme anisotropic geometry.",
        "positive": "Critical Behaviour of Irreversible Reaction Systems: An introductory review on the critical behaviour of some irreversible\nreaction systems is given. The study of these systems has attracted great\nattention during the last decades due to, on the one hand, the rich and complex\nunderlying physics, and on the other hand, their relevance for numerous\ntechnological applications in heterogeneous catalysis, corrosion and coating,\ndevelopment of microelectronic devices, etc. The review is focuses on recent\nadvances in the understanding of irreversible phase transitions (IPT's)\nproviding a survey of the theoretical development of the field during the last\ndecade, as well as a detailed discussion of relevant numerical simulations. The\nLangevin formulation for the treatment of second-order IPT's is discussed.\nDifferent Monte Carlo approaches are also presented in detail and the\nfinite-size scaling analysis of second-order IPT's is described. Special\nattention is devoted to the description of recent progress in the study of\nfirst-order IPT's observed upon catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide and the\nreduction of nitrogen monoxide, using lattice gas reaction models. Only brief\ncomments are given on other reactions such as the oxidation of hydrogen,\nammonia synthesis, etc. Also, a discussion of relevant experiments is presented\nand measurement are compared with the numerical results. Furthermore, promising\nareas for further research and open questions are also addressed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Instability in Boolean Networks as a Percolation Problem: Boolean networks, widely used to model gene regulation, exhibit a phase\ntransition between regimes in which small perturbations either die out or grow\nexponentially. We show and numerically verify that this phase transition in the\ndynamics can be mapped onto a static percolation problem which predicts the\nlong-time average Hamming distance between perturbed and unperturbed orbits.",
        "positive": "Gas-kinetic derivation of Navier-Stokes-like traffic equations: Macroscopic traffic models have recently been severely criticized to base on\nlax analogies only and to have a number of deficiencies. Therefore, this paper\nshows how to construct a logically consistent fluid-dynamic traffic model from\nbasic laws for the acceleration and interaction of vehicles. These\nconsiderations lead to the gas-kinetic traffic equation of Paveri-Fontana. Its\nstationary and spatially homogeneous solution implies equilibrium relations for\nthe `fundamental diagram', the variance-density relation, and other quantities\nwhich are partly difficult to determine empirically.\n  Paveri-Fontana's traffic equation allows the derivation of macroscopic moment\nequations which build a system of non-closed equations. This system can be\nclosed by the well proved method of Chapman and Enskog which leads to\nEuler-like traffic equations in zeroth-order approximation and to\nNavier-Stokes-like traffic equations in first-order approximation. The latter\nare finally corrected for the finite space requirements of vehicles. It is\nshown that the resulting model is able to withstand the above mentioned\ncriticism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-intersecting Brownian Interfaces and Wishart Random Matrices: We study a system of $N$ non-intersecting $(1+1)$-dimensional fluctuating\nelastic interfaces (`vicious bridges') at thermal equilibrium, each subject to\nperiodic boundary condition in the longitudinal direction and in presence of a\nsubstrate that induces an external confining potential for each interface. We\nshow that, for a large system and with an appropriate choice of the external\nconfining potential, the joint distribution of the heights of the $N$\nnon-intersecting interfaces at a fixed point on the substrate can be mapped to\nthe joint distribution of the eigenvalues of a Wishart matrix of size $N$ with\ncomplex entries (Dyson index $\\beta=2$), thus providing a physical realization\nof the Wishart matrix. Exploiting this analogy to random matrix, we calculate\nanalytically (i) the average density of states of the interfaces (ii) the\nheight distribution of the uppermost and lowermost interfaces (extrema) and\n(iii) the asymptotic (large $N$) distribution of the center of mass of the\ninterfaces. In the last case, we show that the probability density of the\ncenter of mass has an essential singularity around its peak which is shown to\nbe a direct consequence of a phase transition in an associated Coulomb gas\nproblem.",
        "positive": "Ground state properties of antiferromagnetic anisotropic S=1 Heisenberg\n  spin chains: Using (infinite) density matrix renormalization group techniques, ground\nstate properties of antiferromagnetic S=1 Heisenberg spin chains with exchange\nand single-site anisotropies in an external field are studied. The phase\ndiagram is known to display a plenitude of interesting phases. We elucidate\nquantum phase transitions between the supersolid and spin-liquid as well as the\nspin-liquid and the ferromagnetic phases. Analyzing spin correlation functions\nin the spin-liquid phase, commensurate and (two distinct) incommensurate\nregions are identified."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Infinite ergodic theory meets Boltzmann statistics: We investigate the overdamped stochastic dynamics of a particle in an\nasymptotically flat external potential field, in contact with a thermal bath.\nFor an infinite system size, the particles may escape the force field and\ndiffuse freely at large length scales. The partition function diverges and\nhence the standard canonical ensemble fails. This is replaced with tools\nstemming from infinite ergodic theory. Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics, even though\nnot normalized, still describes integrable observables, like energy and\noccupation times. The Boltzmann infinite density is derived heuristically using\nan entropy maximization principle, as well as via a first-principles\ncalculation using an eigenfunction expansion in the continuum of low-energy\nstates. A generalized virial theorem is derived, showing how the virial\ncoefficient describes the delay in the diffusive spreading of the particles,\nfound at large distances. When the process is non-recurrent, e.g. diffusion in\nthree dimensions with a Coulomb-like potential, we use weighted time averages\nto restore basic canonical relations between time and ensemble averages.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic cost of finite-time stochastic resetting: Recent experiments have implemented resetting by means of an external trap,\nwhereby a system relaxes to the minimum of the trap and is reset in a finite\ntime. In this work, we set up and analyze the thermodynamics of such a\nprotocol. We present a general framework, even valid for non-Poissonian\nresetting, that captures the thermodynamic work required to maintain a\nresetting process up to a given observation time, and exactly calculate the\nmoment generating function of this work. Our framework is valid for a wide\nrange of systems, the only assumption being of relaxation to equilibrium in the\nresetting trap. Examples and extensions are considered, including the validity\nof fluctuation theorems. In the case of Brownian motion, we investigate optimal\nresetting schemes that minimize work and its fluctuations, the mean work for\narbitrary switching protocols and comparisons to earlier-studied resetting\nschemes. Numerical simulations are performed to validate our findings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation in Networks with Voids and Bottlenecks: A general method is proposed for predicting the asymptotic percolation\nthreshold of networks with bottlenecks, in the limit that the sub-net mesh size\ngoes to zero. The validity of this method is tested for bond percolation on\nfilled checkerboard and \"stack-of-triangle\" lattices. Thresholds for the\ncheckerboard lattices of different mesh sizes are estimated using the gradient\npercolation method, while for the triangular system they are found exactly\nusing the triangle-triangle transformation. The values of the thresholds\napproach the asymptotic values of 0.64222 and 0.53993 respectively as the mesh\nis made finer, consistent with a direct determination based upon the predicted\ncritical corner-connection probability.",
        "positive": "Direct Evidence for Conformal Invariance of Avalanche Frontier in\n  Sandpile Models: Appreciation of Stochastic Loewner evolution (SLE$_\\kappa$), as a powerful\ntool to check for conformal invariant properties of geometrical features of\ncritical systems has been rising. In this paper we use this method to check\nconformal invariance in sandpile models. Avalanche frontiers in Abelian\nsandpile model (ASM) are numerically shown to be conformally invariant and can\nbe described by SLE with diffusivity $\\kappa=2$. This value is the same as\nvalue obtained for loop erased random walks (LERW). The fractal dimension and\nSchramm's formula for left passage probability also suggest the same result. We\nalso check the same properties for Zhang's sandpile model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inverse square L\u00e9vy walks are not optimal search strategies for $d\\ge\n  2$: The L\\'evy hypothesis states that inverse square L\\'evy walks are optimal\nsearch strategies because they maximise the encounter rate with sparse,\nrandomly distributed, replenishable targets. It has served as a theoretical\nbasis to interpret a wealth of experimental data at various scales, from\nmolecular motors to animals looking for resources, putting forward the\nconclusion that many living organisms perform L\\'evy walks to explore space\nbecause of their optimal efficiency. Here we provide analytically the\ndependence on target density of the encounter rate of L\\'evy walks for any\nspace dimension $d$ ; in particular, this scaling is shown to be {\\it\nindependent} of the L\\'evy exponent $\\alpha$ for the biologically relevant case\n$d\\ge 2$, which proves that the founding result of the L\\'evy hypothesis is\nincorrect. As a consequence, we show that optimizing the encounter rate with\nrespect to $\\alpha$ is {\\it irrelevant} : it does not change the scaling with\ndensity and can lead virtually to {\\it any} optimal value of $\\alpha$ depending\non system dependent modeling choices. The conclusion that observed inverse\nsquare L\\'evy patterns are the result of a common selection process based\npurely on the kinetics of the search behaviour is therefore unfounded.",
        "positive": "A Monte Carlo study of the three-dimensional Coulomb frustrated Ising\n  ferromagnet: We have investigated by Monte-Carlo simulation the phase diagram of a\nthree-dimensional Ising model with nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic interactions\nand small, but long-range (Coulombic) antiferromagnetic interactions. We have\ndeveloped an efficient cluster algorithm and used different lattice sizes and\ngeometries, which allows us to obtain the main characteristics of the\ntemperature-frustration phase diagram. Our finite-size scaling analysis\nconfirms that the melting of the lamellar phases into the paramgnetic phase is\ndriven first-order by the fluctuations. Transitions between ordered phases with\ndifferent modulation patterns is observed in some regions of the diagram, in\nagreement with a recent mean-field analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Circular Kinks on the Surface of Granular Material Rotated in a Tilted\n  Spinning Bucket: We find that circular kinks form on the surface of granular material when the\naxis of rotation is tilted more than the angle of internal friction of the\nmaterial. Radius of the kinks is measured as a function of the spinning speed\nand the tilting angle. Stability consideration of the surface results in an\nexplanation that the kink is a boundary between the inner unstable and outer\nstable regions. A simple cellular automata model also displays kinks at the\nstability boundary.",
        "positive": "Relationship between Fragility, Diffusive Directions and Energy Barriers\n  in a Supercooled Liquid: An analysis of diffusion in a supercooled liquid based solely in the density\nof diffusive directions and the value of energy barriers shows how the\npotential energy landscape (PEL) approach is capable of explaining the $\\alpha$\nand $\\beta$ relaxations and the fragility of a glassy system. We find that the\n$\\beta$ relaxation is directly related to the search for diffusive directions.\nOur analysis shows how in strong liquids diffusion is mainly energy activated,\nand how in fragile liquids the diffusion is governed by the density of\ndiffusive directions. We describe the fragile-to-strong crossover as a change\nin the topography of the PEL sampled by the system at a certain crossover\ntemperature $T_\\times$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A dynamical classification of the range of pair interactions: We formalize a classification of pair interactions based on the convergence\nproperties of the {\\it forces} acting on particles as a function of system\nsize. We do so by considering the behavior of the probability distribution\nfunction (PDF) P(F) of the force field F in a particle distribution in the\nlimit that the size of the system is taken to infinity at constant particle\ndensity, i.e., in the \"usual\" thermodynamic limit. For a pair interaction\npotential V(r) with V(r) \\rightarrow \\infty) \\sim 1/r^a defining a {\\it\nbounded} pair force, we show that P(F) converges continuously to a well-defined\nand rapidly decreasing PDF if and only if the {\\it pair force} is absolutely\nintegrable, i.e., for a > d-1, where d is the spatial dimension. We refer to\nthis case as {\\it dynamically short-range}, because the dominant contribution\nto the force on a typical particle in this limit arises from particles in a\nfinite neighborhood around it. For the {\\it dynamically long-range} case, i.e.,\na \\leq d-1, on the other hand, the dominant contribution to the force comes\nfrom the mean field due to the bulk, which becomes undefined in this limit. We\ndiscuss also how, for a \\leq d-1 (and notably, for the case of gravity, a=d-2)\nP(F) may, in some cases, be defined in a weaker sense. This involves a\nregularization of the force summation which is generalization of the procedure\nemployed to define gravitational forces in an infinite static homogeneous\nuniverse. We explain that the relevant classification in this context is,\nhowever, that which divides pair forces with a > d-2 (or a < d-2), for which\nthe PDF of the {\\it difference in forces} is defined (or not defined) in the\ninfinite system limit, without any regularization. In the former case dynamics\ncan, as for the (marginal) case of gravity, be defined consistently in an\ninfinite uniform system.",
        "positive": "A scaling theory for the quasi-deterministic limit: Deterministic rate equations are widely used in the study of stochastic,\ninteracting particles systems. This approach assumes that the inherent noise,\nassociated with the discreteness of the elementary constituents, may be\nneglected when the number of particles $N$ is large. Accordingly, it fails\nclose to the extinction transition, when the amplitude of stochastic\nfluctuations is comparable with the size of the population. Here we present a\ngeneral scaling theory of the transition regime for spatially extended systems.\nTwo fundamental models for out-of-equilibrium phase transitions are considered:\nthe Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) that belongs to the directed\npercolation equivalence class, and the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR)\nmodel belonging to the dynamic percolation class. Implementing the Ginzburg\ncriteria we show that the width of the fluctuation-dominated region scales like\n$N^{-\\kappa}$, where $N$ is the number of individuals per site and $\\kappa =\n2/(d_u-d)$, $d_u$ is the upper critical dimension. Other exponents that control\nthe approach to the deterministic limit are shown to depend on $\\kappa$. The\ntheory is supported by the results of extensive numerical simulations for\nsystems of various dimensionalities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Number-conserving rate equation for sympathetic cooling of a boson gas: We derive a particle number-conserving rate equation for the ground state and\nfor the elementary excitations of a bosonic system which is in contact with a\ngas of a different species (sympathetic cooling). We use the Giradeau-Arnowitt\nmethod and the model derived by Lewenstein et. al. with an additional\nassumption: the high-excited levels thermalize much faster with the cooling\nagent than the other levels. Evaporation of particles, know to be important in\nthe initial stages of the cooling process, is explicitly included.",
        "positive": "Reply to W. G. Hoover [arXiv:1204.0312v2]: In response to W. G. Hoover's comment [arXiv:1204.0312v2] on our work\n[arXiv:1203.5968], we show explicitly that the divergence of the velocity field\nassociated with the Nos\\'e-Hoover equations is nonzero, implying that those\nequations are not volume preserving, and hence, as often stated in the\nliterature, are not Hamiltonian. We further elucidate that the trajectories\n{q(t)} generated by the Nos\\'e-Hoover equations are generally not identical to\nthose generated by Dettmann's Hamiltonian. Dettmann's Hamiltonian produces the\nsame trajectories as the Nos\\'e-Hoover equations only on a specific energy\nshell, but not on the neighboring ones. This fact explains why the\nNos\\'e-Hoover equations are not volume preserving. The Hamiltonian that we put\nforward with [arXiv:1203.5968] instead produces thermostated dynamics\nirrespective of the energy value. The main advantage of our Hamiltonian\nthermostat over previous ones is that it contains kinetic energy terms that are\nof standard form with coordinate-independent masses and consequently is readily\nmatched in laboratory experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mode Coupling Approach for spin-facilitated kinetic Ising models: The d-dimensional n-spin facilitated kinetic Ising model is studied\nanalytically starting from usual master equations and their transformation into\na Fock-space representation. The evolution of relevant operators is rewritten\nin terms of a projection formalism. The obtained frequency matrices and memory\nterms are analyzed. Especially, the influences of the memory terms is\napproached by using standard techniques of the usual mode coupling approach.\nThe temperature dependence of the relaxation times related to the n-spin\nfacilitated kinetic Ising model shows a weak non-Arrhenius behavior.\nFurthermore, a characteristic stretched decay of the correlation function is\nobtained.",
        "positive": "Critical properties of the two-dimensional $q$-state clock model: We perform the state-of-the-art tensor network simulations directly in the\nthermodynamic limit to clarify the critical properties of the $q$-state clock\nmodel on the square lattice. We determine accurately the two phase transition\ntemperatures through the singularity of the classical analog of the\nentanglement entropy, and provide extensive numerical evidences to show that\nboth transitions are of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) type for\n$q\\ge 5$ and that the low-energy physics of this model is well described by the\n$\\mathbb{Z}_q$-deformed sine-Gordon theory. We also determine the\ncharacteristic conformal parameters, especially the compactification radius,\nthat govern the critical properties of the intermediate BKT phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical q-deformed dynamics: On the basis of the quantum q-oscillator algebra in the framework of quantum\ngroups and non-commutative q-differential calculus, we investigate a possible\nq-deformation of the classical Poisson bracket in order to extend a generalized\nq-deformed dynamics in the classical regime. In this framework, classical\nq-deformed kinetic equations, Kramers and Fokker-Planck equations, are also\nstudied.\n  Pacs: 05.20.Dd, 45.20.-d, 02.20.Uw\n  Keywords: Kinetic theory, q-deformed classical mechanics, quantum groups,\nquantum algebras",
        "positive": "Numerical simulations of two dimensional magnetic domain patterns: I show that a model for the interaction of magnetic domains that includes a\nshort range ferromagnetic and a long range dipolar anti-ferromagnetic\ninteraction reproduces very well many characteristic features of\ntwo-dimensional magnetic domain patterns. In particular bubble and stripe\nphases are obtained, along with polygonal and labyrinthine morphologies. In\naddition, two puzzling phenomena, namely the so called `memory effect' and the\n`topological melting' observed experimentally are also qualitatively described.\nVery similar phenomenology is found in the case in which the model is changed\nto be represented by the Swift-Hohenberg equation driven by an external\norienting field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of Molecular Crowding on stretching of polymers in poor solvent: We consider a linear polymer chain in a disordered environment modeled by\npercolation clusters on a square lattice. The disordered environment is meant\nto roughly represent molecular crowding as seen in cells. The model may be\nviewed as the simplest representation of biopolymers in a cell. We show the\nexistence of intermediate states during stretching arising as a consequence of\nmolecular crowding. In the constant distance ensemble the force-extension\ncurves exhibit oscillations. We observe the emergence of two or more peaks in\nthe probability distribution curves signaling the coexistence of different\nstates and indicating that the transition is discontinuous unlike what is\nobserved in the absence of molecular crowding.",
        "positive": "Renormalisation Group Theory of Branching Potts Interfaces: We develop a field-theoretic representation for the configurations of an\ninterface between two ordered phases of a q-state Potts model in two\ndimensions, in the solid-on-solid approximation. The model resembles the field\ntheory of directed percolation and may be analysed using similar\nrenormalisation group methods. In the one-loop approximation these reveal a\nsimple mechanism for the emergence of a critical value q_c, such that for q<q_c\nthe interface becomes a fractal with a vanishing interfacial tension at the\ncritical point, while for q>q_c the interfacial width diverges at a finite\nvalue of the tension, indicating a first-order transition. The value of the\nWidom exponent for q<q_c within this approximation is in fair agreement with\nknown exact values. Some comments are made on the case of quenched randomness.\nWe also show that the q-> minus infinity limit of our model corresponds to\ndirected percolation and that the values for the exponents in the one-loop\napproximation are in reasonable agreement with accepted values."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic resetting by a random amplitude: Stochastic resetting, a diffusive process whose amplitude is \"reset\" to the\norigin at random times, is a vividly studied strategy to optimize encounter\ndynamics, e.g., in chemical reactions. We here generalize the resetting step by\nintroducing a random resetting amplitude, such that the diffusing particle may\nbe only partially reset towards the trajectory origin, or even overshoot the\norigin in a resetting step. We introduce different scenarios for the\nrandom-amplitude stochastic resetting process and discuss the resulting\ndynamics. Direct applications are geophysical layering (stratigraphy) as well\nas population dynamics or financial markets, as well as generic search\nprocesses.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear Stochastic Dynamics of Complex Systems, II: Potential of\n  Entropic Force in Markov Systems with Nonequilibrium Steady State,\n  Generalized Gibbs Function and Criticality: In this paper we revisit the notion of the \"minus logarithm of stationary\nprobability\" as a generalized potential in nonequilibrium systems and attempt\nto illustrate its central role in an axiomatic approach to stochastic\nnonequilibrium thermodynamics of complex systems. It is demonstrated that this\nquantity arises naturally through both monotonicity results of Markov processes\nand as the rate function when a stochastic process approaches a deterministic\nlimit. We then undertake a more detailed mathematical analysis of the\nconsequences of this quantity, culminating in a necessary and sufficient\ncondition for the criticality of stochastic systems. This condition is then\ndiscussed in the context of recent results about criticality in biological\nsystems"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field theory for size- and charge asymmetric primitive model of\n  electrolytes. Mean-field stability analysis and pretransitional effects: The primitive model of ionic systems is investigated within a field-theoretic\ndescription for the whole range of size-, \\lambda, and charge, Z, ratios of the\ntwo ionic species. Two order parameters (OP) are identified, and their\nrelations to physically relevant quantities are described for various values of\n\\lambda and Z. Instabilities of the disordered phase associated with the two\nOP's are determined in the mean-field approximation.\n  A gas-liquid separation occurs for any Z and \\lambda different from 1. In\naddition, an instability with respect to various types of periodic ordering of\nthe two kinds of ions is found.",
        "positive": "Mean-field limit of systems with multiplicative noise: A detailed study of the mean-field solution of Langevin equations with\nmultiplicative noise is presented. Three different regimes depending on\nnoise-intensity (weak, intermediate, and strong-noise) are identified by\nperforming a self-consistent calculation on a fully connected lattice. The most\ninteresting, strong-noise, regime is shown to be intrinsically unstable with\nrespect to the inclusion of fluctuations, as a Ginzburg criterion shows. On the\nother hand, the self-consistent approach is shown to be valid only in the\nthermodynamic limit, while for finite systems the critical behavior is found to\nbe different. In this last case, the self-consistent field itself is broadly\ndistributed rather than taking a well defined mean value; its fluctuations,\ndescribed by an effective zero-dimensional multiplicative noise equation,\ngovern the critical properties. These findings are obtained analytically for a\nfully connected graph, and verified numerically both on fully connected graphs\nand on random regular networks. The results presented here shed some doubt on\nwhat is the validity and meaning of a standard mean-field approach in systems\nwith multiplicative noise in finite dimensions, where each site does not see an\ninfinite number of neighbors, but a finite one. The implications of all this on\nthe existence of a finite upper critical dimension for multiplicative noise and\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang problems are briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cooperative dynamics in bidirectional transport on flexible lattice: Several theoretical models based on totally asymmetric simple exclusion\nprocess (TASEP) have been extensively utilized to study various non-equilibrium\ntransport phenomena. Inspired by the the role of microtubule-transported\nvesicles in intracellular transport, we propose a generalized TASEP model where\ntwo distinct particles are directed to hop stochastically in opposite\ndirections on a flexible lattice immersed in a three dimensional pool of\ndiffusing particles. We investigate the interplay between lattice conformation\nand bidirectional transport by obtaining the stationary phase diagrams and\ndensity profiles within the framework of mean field theory. For the case when\nrecycling strength is independent of density of particles, the topology of\nphase diagram alters quantitatively. However, if the lattice occupancy governs\nthe global conformation of lattice, in addition to the pre-existing phases for\nbidirectional transport a new asymmetric shock-low density phase originates in\nthe system. We identified that this phase is sensitive to finite size effect\nand vanishes in the thermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "Comment on ``Dynamical Heterogeneities in a Supercooled Lennard-Jones\n  Liquid'': In two recent interesting letters evidence was presented for the existence of\na growing dynamic correlation length when we approach the glass transition from\nthe liquid phase (a similar divergence is present also in the off-equilibrium\ndynamics below $T_c$). Here we would like to point out that this phenomenon can\nbe easily predicted using the replica approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A predator-prey model based on fully parallel cellular automata: We presented a predator-prey lattice model containing moveable wolves and\nsheep, which are characterized by Penna double bit strings. Sexual reproduction\nand child-care strategies are considered. To implement this model in an\nefficient way, we build a fully parallel Cellular Automata based on a new\ndefinition of the neighborhood. We show the roles played by the initial\ndensities of the populations, the mutation rate and the linear size of the\nlattice in the evolution of this model.",
        "positive": "Thermoelectric performance of topological boundary modes: We investigate quantum transport and thermoelectrical properties of a\nfinite-size Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, a paradigmatic model for a\none-dimensional topological insulator, which displays topologically protected\nedge states. By coupling the model to two fermionic reservoirs at its ends, we\ncan explore the non-equilibrium dynamics of the system. Investigating the\nenergy-resolved transmission, the current and the noise, we find that these\nobservables can be used to detect the topologically non-trivial phase. With\nspecific parameters and asymmetric reservoir coupling strengths, we show that\nwe can dissipatively prepare the edge states as stationary states of a\nnon-equilibrium configuration. In addition, we point out that the edge states\ncan be exploited to design a refrigerator driven by chemical work or a heat\nengine driven by a thermal gradient, respectively. These thermal devices do not\nrequire asymmetric couplings and are topologically protected against\nsymmetry-preserving perturbations. Their maximum efficiencies significantly\nexceed that of a single quantum dot device at comparable coupling strengths."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetism and quantum phase transitions in spin-1/2 attractive fermions\n  with polarization: An extensive investigation is given for magnetic properties and phase\ntransitions in one-dimensional Bethe ansatz integrable spin-1/2 attractive\nfermions with polarization by means of the dressed energy formalism. An\niteration method is presented to derive higher order corrections for the ground\nstate energy, critical fields and magnetic properties. Numerical solutions of\nthe dressed energy equations confirm that the analytic expressions for these\nphysical quantities and resulting phase diagrams are highly accurate in the\nweak and strong coupling regimes, capturing the precise nature of magnetic\neffects and quantum phase transitions in one-dimensional interacting fermions\nwith population imbalance. Moreover, it is shown that the universality class of\nlinear field-dependent behaviour of the magnetization holds throughout the\nwhole attractive regime.",
        "positive": "New classical integrable systems from generalized\n  $T\\bar{T}$-deformations: We introduce and study a novel class of classical integrable many-body\nsystems obtained by generalized $T\\bar{T}$-deformations of free particles.\nDeformation terms are bilinears in densities and currents for the continuum of\ncharges counting asymptotic particles of different momenta. In these models,\nwhich we dub ``semiclassical Bethe systems'' for their link with the dynamics\nof Bethe ansatz wave packets, many-body scattering processes are factorised,\nand two-body scattering shifts can be set to an almost arbitrary function of\nmomenta. The dynamics is local but inherently different from that of known\nclassical integrable systems. At short scales, the geometry of the deformation\nis dynamically resolved: either particles are slowed down (more space\navailable), or accelerated via a novel classical particle-pair\ncreation/annihilation process (less space available). The thermodynamics both\nat finite and infinite volumes is described by the equations of (or akin to)\nthe thermodynamic Bethe ansatz, and at large scales generalized hydrodynamics\nemerge."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological transition in a two-dimensional model of liquid crystal: Simulations of nematic-isotropic transition of liquid crystals in two\ndimensions are performed using an O(2) vector model characterised by non linear\nnearest neighbour spin interaction governed by the fourth Legendre polynomial\n$P\\_4$. The system is studied through standard Finite-Size Scaling and\nconformal rescaling of density profiles of correlation functions. A topological\ntransition between a paramagnetic phase at high temperature and a critical\nphase at low temperature is observed. The low temperature limit is discussed in\nthe spin wave approximation and confirms the numerical results.",
        "positive": "Perturbation Expansion in Phase-Ordering Kinetics: II. N-vector Model: The perturbation theory expansion presented earlier to describe the\nphase-ordering kinetics in the case of a nonconserved scalar order parameter is\ngeneralized to the case of the $n$-vector model. At lowest order in this\nexpansion, as in the scalar case, one obtains the theory due to Ohta, Jasnow\nand Kawasaki (OJK). The second-order corrections for the nonequilibrium\nexponents are worked out explicitly in $d$ dimensions and as a function of the\nnumber of components $n$ of the order parameter. In the formulation developed\nhere the corrections to the OJK results are found to go to zero in the large\n$n$ and $d$ limits. Indeed, the large-$d$ convergence is exponential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Order parameters in quasi-1D spin systems: In this work we extend the idea of the meanfield. Meanfields approximately\nmap - through some self consistency relation - a complex, usually manybody,\nproblem to a simpler more readily solvable problem. Prototypical examples of\nsimpler meanfield problem (meanfield systems) are the single site and free\nparticle problems - which are solvable. Here we propose a new class of simple\nmeanfield systems where the simple problem to be solved is a 1D spin chain.\nThese meanfields are particularly useful for studying quasi-1D models. We\nillustrate this idea by considering meanfields for the Ising and ferromagnetic\nHeisenberg models with one direction coupled much more strongly then the other\ndirections (quasi-1D systems) which map at meanfield level onto the 1D Ising\nand 1D ferromagnetic Heisenberg models. Magnetic phase transition temperatures\nand are obtained for both models.",
        "positive": "Invasion percolation in short-range and long-range disorder background: In this paper, we investigate the invasion percolation (IP) in imperfect\nsupport in which the configuration of imperfections is considered to be\ncorrelated. Three lattice models were engaged to realize this pattern: site\npercolation, Ising model and random Coulomb potential (RCP). The first two\nmodels are short range interaction (SRI), whereas the last one includes coulomb\nlike interactions which is pretty long range (long-range interactions, LRI). By\nexamining various dynamical observables we show that the critical exponents of\nSRI IP are robust against the control parameters (temperature in the Ising\nmodel and occupation probability in site percolation), whereas its properties\nin the LRI (RCP) supports are completely different from the normal IP (i.e. on\nthe regular lattice). Especially the fractal dimension of the external frontier\nof the largest hole converges to $1.099\\pm 0.008$ for RCP IP, whereas it is\nnearly $\\frac{4}{3}$ for SRI IP being compatible with normal IP. Additionally a\nnovel dynamical crossover is seen in the RCP IP according to which the time\ndependence of all of the observables is divided to three parts: the power-law\n(small times), the logarithmic (mid time), and the linear (long time) regimes.\nThe second crossover time is shown to go to infinity in the thermodynamic\nlimit, whereas the first crossover time is nearly unchanged, signaling the\ndominance of the logarithmic regime. The observables become nearly constant in\nthe thermodynamic limit for the long time, showing that it is a stationary\nphase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non equilibrium inertial dynamics of colloidal systems: We consider the properties of a one dimensional fluid of brownian inertial\nhard-core particles, whose microscopic dynamics is partially damped by a\nheat-bath. Direct interactions among the particles are represented as binary,\ninstantaneous elastic collisions. Collisions with the heath bath are accounted\nfor by a Fokker-Planck collision operator, whereas direct collisions among the\nparticles are treated by a well known method of kinetic theory, the Revised\nEnskog Theory. By means of a time multiple time-scale method we derive the\nevolution equation for the average density. Remarkably, for large values of the\nfriction parameter and/or of the mass of the particles we obtain the same\nequation as the one derived within the dynamic density functional theory (DDF).\nIn addition, at moderate values of the friction constant, the present method\nallows to study the inertial effects not accounted for by DDF method. Finally,\na numerical test of these corrections is provided.",
        "positive": "Anomalous diffusion and the Moses effect in a model of aging: We decompose the anomalous diffusive behavior found in a model of aging into\nits fundamental constitutive causes. The model process is a sum of increments\nthat are iterates of a chaotic dynamical system, the Pomeau-Manneville map. The\nincrements can have long-time correlations, fat-tailed distributions and be\nnon-stationary. Each of these properties can cause anomalous diffusion through\nwhat is known as the Joseph, Noah and Moses effects, respectively. The model\ncan have either sub- or super-diffusive behavior, which we find is generally\ndue to a combination of the three effects. Scaling exponents quantifying each\nof the three constitutive effects are calculated using analytic methods and\nconfirmed with numerical simulations. They are then related to the scaling of\nthe distribution of the process through a scaling relation. Finally, the\nimportance of the Moses effect in the anomalous diffusion of experimental\nsystems is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Total entropy production fluctuation theorems in a nonequilibrium\n  time-periodic steady state: We investigate the total entropy production of a Brownian particle in a\ndriven bistable system. This system exhibits the phenomenon of stochastic\nresonance. We show that in the time-periodic steady state, the probability\ndensity function for the total entropy production satisfies Seifert's integral\nand detailed fluctuation theorems over finite time trajectories.",
        "positive": "Exact results for one-dimensional disordered bosons with strong\n  repulsion: We study one-dimensional incommensurate bosons with strong repulsive\ninteractions and weak disorder. In analogy to the clean Tonks-Girardeau gas, a\nBose-Fermi mapping expresses this problem in terms of disordered free fermions.\nThereby many known results apply, in particular for the density-density\ncorrelations, the distribution function of the local density of states, and the\ncomplete spectral statistics. We also analyze the bosonic momentum\ndistribution, and comment on the experimental observability of these\npredictions in ultracold atomic gases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Epidemic extinction in a simplicial susceptible-infected-susceptible\n  model: We study the extinction of epidemics in a simplicial\nsusceptible-infected-susceptible model, where each susceptible individual\nbecomes infected either by two-body interactions ($S+I \\to 2I$) with a rate\n$\\beta$ or by three-body interactions ($S+2I \\to 3I$) with a rate $\\beta\n(1+\\delta)$, and each infected individual spontaneously recovers ($I \\to S$)\nwith a rate $\\mu$. We focus on the case $\\delta>0$ that embodies a synergistic\nreinforcement effect in the group interactions. By using the theory of large\nfluctuations to solve approximately for the master equation, we reveal two\ndifferent scenarios for optimal path to extinction, and derive the associated\naction $\\mathcal{S}$ for $\\beta_b<\\beta<\\beta_c$ and for $\\beta>\\beta_c$, where\n$\\beta_b=4 (1+\\delta)/(2+\\delta)^2$ and $\\beta_c=1$ are two different\nbifurcation points. The action $\\mathcal{S}$ shows different scaling laws with\nthe distance of the infectious rate to the transition points $\\beta_b$ and\n$\\beta_c$, characterized by two different exponents: 3/2 and 1, respectively.\nInterestingly, the second-order derivative of $\\mathcal{S}$ with respect to\n$\\beta$ is discontinuous at $\\beta=\\beta_c$, while $\\mathcal{S}$ and its\nfirst-order derivative are both continuous, reminiscent of the second-order\nphase transitions in equilibrium systems. Finally, a rare-event simulation\nmethod is used to compute the mean extinction time, which depends exponentially\non $\\mathcal{S}$ and the size $N$ of the population. The simulations results\nare in well agreement with the proposed theory.",
        "positive": "Optimal branching asymmetry of hydrodynamic pulsatile trees: Most of the studies on optimal transport are done for steady state regime\nconditions. Yet, there exists numerous examples in living systems where supply\ntree networks have to deliver products in a limited time due to the pulsatile\ncharacter of the flow. This is the case for mammals respiration for which air\nhas to reach the gas exchange units before the start of expiration. We report\nhere that introducing a systematic branching asymmetry allows to reduce the\naverage delivery time of the products. It simultaneously increases its\nrobustness against the unevitable variability of sizes related to\nmorphogenesis. We then apply this approach to the human tracheobronchial tree.\nWe show that in this case all extremities are supplied with fresh air, provided\nthat the asymmetry is smaller than a critical threshold which happens to fit\nwith the asymmetry measured in the human lung. This could indicate that the\nstructure is adjusted at the maximum asymmetry level that allows to feed all\nterminal units with fresh air."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time evolution of intermittency in the passive slider problem: How does a steady state with strong intermittency develop in time from an\ninitial state which is statistically random? For passive sliders driven by\nvarious fluctuating surfaces, we show that the approach involves an\nindefinitely growing length scale which governs scaling properties. A simple\nmodel of sticky sliders suggests scaling forms for the time-dependent flatness\nand hyperflatness, both measures of intermittency and these are confirmed\nnumerically for passive sliders driven by a Kardar-Parisi-Zhang surface. Aging\nproperties are studied via a two-time flatness. We predict and verify\nnumerically that the time-dependent flatness is, remarkably, a non-monotonic\nfunction of time, with different scaling forms at short and long times. The\nscaling description remains valid when clustering is more diffuse as for\npassive sliders evolving through Edwards-Wilkinson driving or under\nantiadvection, although exponents and scaling functions differ substantially.",
        "positive": "Pressure is not a state function for generic active fluids: Pressure is the mechanical force per unit area that a confined system exerts\non its container. In thermal equilibrium, it depends only on bulk properties\n(density, temperature, etc.) through an equation of state. Here we show that in\na wide class of active systems the pressure depends on the precise interactions\nbetween the active particles and the confining walls. In general, therefore,\nactive fluids have no equation of state, their mechanical pressures exhibit\nanomalous properties that defy the familiar thermodynamic reasoning that holds\nin equilibrium. The pressure remains a function of state, however, in some\nspecific and well-studied active models that tacitly restrict the character of\nthe particle-wall and/or particle-particle interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics and Optical Conductivity of a Dissipative Carrier in a\n  Tight Binding Model: Thermodynamics and transport properties of a dissipative particle in a\ntight-binding model are studied through specific heat and optical conductivity.\nA weak coupling theory is constituted to study the crossover behavior between\nthe low-temperature region and the high-temperature region analytically. We\nfound that coherent part around zero frequency in the optical conductivity\ndisappears for 0<s<2, where s is an exponent of a spectral function of the\nenvironment. Detailed calculation is performed for ohmic damping (s=1). In this\ncase, the specific heat shows an unusual $T$-linear behavior at low\ntemperatures, which indicates that the environment strongly influences the\nparticle motion, and changes the low-energy states of the dissipative particle.\nThe optical conductivity \\sigma(\\omega) takes a non-Drude form even at zero\ntemperature, and the high-frequency side behaves as \\omega^(2K-2), where K is a\ndimensionless damping strength. The high frequency side of the optical\nconductivity is independent of temperatures, while the low frequency side\ndepends on the temperature, and behaves as T^(2K-2) at high temperatures. We\nalso comment on the application of this model to the description of incoherent\nmotion in correlated electron systems.",
        "positive": "Optimized recursion relation for the computation of partition functions\n  in the superconfiguration approach: Partition functions of a canonical ensemble of non-interacting bound\nelectrons are a key ingredient of the super-transition-array approach to the\ncomputation of radiative opacity. A few years ago, we published a robust and\nstable recursion relation for the calculation of such partition functions. In\nthis paper, we propose an optimization of the latter method and explain how to\nimplement it in practice. The formalism relies on the evaluation of elementary\nsymmetric polynomials, which opens the way to further improvements."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Properties of Nonlinear Response Functions of Nonequilibrium\n  Steady States: We derive universal properties of nonlinear response functions of\nnonequilibrium steady states. In particular, sum rules and asymptotic behaviors\nare derived. Their consequences are illustrated for nonlinear optical materials\nand nonlinear electrical conductors.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of Social Balance on Networks: We study the evolution of social networks that contain both friendly and\nunfriendly pairwise links between individual nodes. The network is endowed with\ndynamics in which the sense of a link in an imbalanced triad--a triangular loop\nwith 1 or 3 unfriendly links--is reversed to make the triad balanced. With this\ndynamics, an infinite network undergoes a dynamic phase transition from a\nsteady state to \"paradise\"--all links are friendly--as the propensity p for\nfriendly links in an update event passes through 1/2. A finite network always\nfalls into a socially-balanced absorbing state where no imbalanced triads\nremain. If the additional constraint that the number of imbalanced triads in\nthe network does not increase in an update is imposed, then the network quickly\nreaches a balanced final state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Active Spherical Model: The spherical model is a popular solvable model and has been applied to\ndescribe several critical phenomena such as the ferromagnetic transition,\nBose-Einstein condensation, spin-glass transition, glass transition, jamming\ntransition, and so on. Motivated by recent developments of active matter, here\nwe consider the spherical model driven by the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type\nself-propulsion force with persistent time $\\tau_p$. We show that the model\nexhibits the Ising universality for finite $\\tau_p$. On the contrary, the model\nexhibits the random field Ising universality in the limit $\\tau_p\\to\\infty$.",
        "positive": "Functionals of fractional Brownian motion and the three arcsine laws: Fractional Brownian motion is a non-Markovian Gaussian process indexed by the\nHurst exponent $H\\in [0,1]$, generalising standard Brownian motion to account\nfor anomalous diffusion. Functionals of this process are important for\npractical applications as a standard reference point for non-equilibrium\ndynamics. We describe a perturbation expansion allowing us to evaluate many\nnon-trivial observables analytically: We generalize the celebrated three\narcsine-laws of standard Brownian motion. The functionals are: (i) the fraction\nof time the process remains positive, (ii) the time when the process last\nvisits the origin, and (iii) the time when it achieves its maximum (or\nminimum). We derive expressions for the probability of these three functionals\nas an expansion in $\\epsilon = H-\\tfrac{1}{2}$, up to second order. We find\nthat the three probabilities are different, except for $H=\\tfrac{1}{2}$ where\nthey coincide. Our results are confirmed to high precision by numerical\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density of State in a Complex Random Matrix Theory with External Source: The density of state for a complex $N\\times N$ random matrix coupled to an\nexternal deterministic source is considered for a finite N, and a compact\nexpression in an integral representation is obtained.",
        "positive": "Geometrical Ambiguity of Pair Statistics. II. Heterogeneous Media: In a previous paper [Jiao, Stillinger and Torquato, PRE 81, 011105 (2010)],\nwe considered the geometrical ambiguity of pair statistics associated with\npoint configurations. Here we focus on the analogous problem for heterogeneous\nmedia (materials). The complex structures of heterogeneous media are usually\ncharacterized via statistical descriptors, such as the $n$-point correlation\nfunction $S_n$. An intricate inverse problem of practical importance is to what\nextent a medium can be reconstructed from the two-point correlation function\n$S_2$ of a target medium. Recently, general claims of the uniqueness of\nreconstructions using $S_2$ have been made based on numerical studies. Here, we\nprovide a systematic approach to characterize the geometrical ambiguity of\n$S_2$ for both continuous two-phase heterogeneous media and their digitized\nrepresentations in a mathematically precise way. In particular, we derive the\nexact conditions for the case where two distinct media possess identical $S_2$.\nThe degeneracy conditions are given in terms of integral and algebraic\nequations for continuous media and their digitized representations,\nrespectively. By examining these equations and constructing their rigorous\nsolutions for specific examples, we conclusively show that in general $S_2$ is\nindeed not sufficient information to uniquely determine the structure of the\nmedium, which is consistent with the results of our recent study on\nheterogeneous media reconstruction [Jiao, Stillinger and Torquato, PNAS 106,\n17634 (2009)]. The uniqueness issue of multiphase media reconstructions and\nadditional structural information required to characterize heterogeneous media\nare discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic restrictions on statistics of molecular random walks: It is shown that time reversibility of Hamiltonian microscopic dynamics and\nGibbs canonical statistical ensemble of initial conditions for it together\nproduce an exact virial expansion for probability distribution of path of\nmolecular Brownian particle in a fluid. This expansion leads to inequality\nconnecting logarithmic derivative of the distribution with respect to fluid\ndensity and characteristic volume occupied by pair statistical correlation\nbetween the path and fluid molecules. Due to the inequality, finiteness of this\nvolume means that asymptotic of the distribution is essentially non-Gaussian.\nFor principal case when fluid is dilute gas it is demonstrated that the pair\ncorrelation volume is actually finite and bounded above. Therefore even under\nthe Boltzmann-Grad limit the path distribution possess power-law long tails\n(cut off at distances of ballistic flight).",
        "positive": "Random exchange dynamics with bounds: H-theorem and negative temperature: Random exchange kinetic models are widely employed to describe the\nconservative dynamics of large interacting systems. Due to their simplicity and\ngenerality, they are quite popular in several fields, from statistical\nmechanics to biophysics and economics. Here we study a version where bounds on\nthe individual shares of the globally conserved quantity are introduced. We\nanalytically show that this dynamics allows stationary states with population\ninversion, described by Boltzmann statistics at negative absolute temperature.\nTheir genuine equilibrium nature is verified by checking the detailed balance\ncondition. An H-theorem is proven: the Boltzmann entropy monotonically\nincreases during the dynamics. Finally, we provide analytical and numerical\nevidence that a large intruder in contact with the system thermalizes,\nsuggesting a practical way to design a thermal bath at negative temperature.\nThese results open new research perspectives, creating a bridge between\nnegative temperature statistical descriptions and kinetic models with bounds."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium dynamics of the zeta urn model: We consider a mean-field dynamical urn model, defined by rules which give the\nrate at which a ball is drawn from an urn and put in another one, chosen\namongst an assembly. At equilibrium, this model possesses a fluid and a\ncondensed phase, separated by a critical line. We present an analytical study\nof the nonequilibrium properties of the fluctuating number of balls in a given\nurn, considering successively the temporal evolution of its distribution, of\nits two-time correlation and response functions, and of the associated \\fd\nratio, both along the critical line and in the condensed phase. For well\nseparated times the \\fd ratio admits non-trivial limit values, both at\ncriticality and in the condensed phase, which are universal quantities\ndepending continuously on temperature.",
        "positive": "A 2-D asymmetric exclusion model for granular flows: A 2-D version of the asymmetric exclusion model for granular sheared flows is\npresented. The velocity profile exhibits two qualitatively different behaviors,\ndependent on control parameters. For low friction, the velocity profile follows\nan exponential decay while for large friction the profile is more accurately\nrepresented by a Gaussian law. The phase transition occurring between these two\nbehavior is identified by the appearance of correlations in the cluster size\ndistribution. Finally, a mean--field theory gives qualitative and quantitative\ngood agreement with the numerical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady-State Dynamics of the Forest Fire Model on Complex Networks: Many sociological networks, as well as biological and technological ones, can\nbe represented in terms of complex networks with a heterogeneous connectivity\npattern. Dynamical processes taking place on top of them can be very much\ninfluenced by this topological fact. In this paper we consider a paradigmatic\nmodel of non-equilibrium dynamics, namely the forest fire model, whose\nrelevance lies in its capacity to represent several epidemic processes in a\ngeneral parametrization. We study the behavior of this model in complex\nnetworks by developing the corresponding heterogeneous mean-field theory and\nsolving it in its steady state. We provide exact and approximate expressions\nfor homogeneous networks and several instances of heterogeneous networks. A\ncomparison of our analytical results with extensive numerical simulations\nallows to draw the region of the parameter space in which heterogeneous\nmean-field theory provides an accurate description of the dynamics, and\nenlights the limits of validity of the mean-field theory in situations where\ndynamical correlations become important.",
        "positive": "Resistance functions for two unequal spheres in linear flow at low\n  Reynolds number with the Navier slip boundary condition: Resistance functions for two spherical particles with the Navier slip\nboundary condition in general linear flows, including rigid translation, rigid\nrotation, and strain, at low Reynolds number are derived by the method of\nreflections as well as twin multipole expansions. In the solutions, particle\nradii and slip lengths can be chosen independently. In the course of\ncalculations, single-sphere problem with the slip boundary condition is solved\nby Lamb's general solution and the expression of multipole expansions, and\nFax\\'{e}n's laws of force, torque, and stresslet for slip particle are also\nderived. The solutions of two-body problem are confirmed to recover the\nexisting results in the no-slip limit and for the case of equal scaled slip\nlengths."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transverse density fluctuations around the ground state distribution of\n  counterions near one charged plate: stochastic density functional view: We consider the Dean-Kawasaki (DK) equation of overdamped Brownian particles\nthat forms the basis of the stochastic density functional theory. Recently, the\nlinearized DK equation has successfully reproduced the full Onsager theory of\nsymmetric electrolyte conductivity. In this paper, the linear DK equation is\napplied to investigate density fluctuations around the ground state\ndistribution of strongly coupled counterions near a charged plate, focusing\nespecially on the transverse dynamics along the plate surface. Consequently, we\nfind a crossover scale above which the transverse density dynamics appears\nfrozen and below which diffusive behavior of counterions can be observed on the\ncharged plate. The linear DK equation provides a characteristic length of the\ndynamical crossover that is similar to the Wigner-Seitz radius used in\nequilibrium theory for the 2D one-component plasma, which is our main result.\nIncidentally, general representations of longitudinal dynamics vertical to the\nplate further suggest the existence of advective and electrically reverse\nflows; these effects remain to be quantitatively investigated.",
        "positive": "Dynamical modelling of superstatistical complex systems: We show how to construct the optimum superstatistical dynamical model for a\ngiven experimentally measured time series. For this purpose we generalise the\nsuperstatistics concept and study a Langevin equation with a memory kernel\nwhose parameters fluctuate on a large time scale. It is shown how to construct\na synthetic dynamical model with the same invariant density and correlation\nfunction as the experimental data. As a main example we apply our method to\nvelocity time series measured in high-Reynolds number turbulent Taylor-Couette\nflow, but the method can be applied to many other complex systems in a similar\nway."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bose-Einstein Condensation and Casimir Effect of Trapped Ideal Bose Gas\n  in between two Slabs: We study the Bose-Einstein condensation for a 3-d system of ideal Bose gas\nwhich is harmonically trapped along two perpendicular directions and is\nconfined in between two slabs along the other perpendicular direction. We\ncalculate the Casimir force between the two slabs for this system of trapped\nBose gas. At finite temperatures this force for thermalized photons in between\ntwo plates has a classical expression which is independent of $\\hbar$. At\nfinite temperatures the Casimir force for our system depends on $\\hbar$. For\nthe calculation of Casimir force we consider only the Dirichlet boundary\ncondition. We show that below condensation temperature($T_c$) the Casimir force\nfor this non-interacting system decreases with temperature($T$) and at\n$T\\gtrsim T_c$, it is independent of temperature. We also discuss the Casimir\neffect on 3-d highly anisotropic harmonically trapped ideal Bose gas.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear dynamics and emergent statistical regularity in classical\n  Lennard-Jones three-body system upon disturbance: Understanding the deep connection of microscopic dynamics and statistical\nregularity yields insights into the foundation of statistical mechanics. In\nthis work, based on the classical three-body system under the Lennard-Jones\npotential upon disturbance, we illustrated the elusive nonlinear dynamics in\nterms of the neat frequency-mixing processes, and revealed the emergent\nstatistical regularity in speed distribution along a single particle\ntrajectory. This work demonstrates the promising possibility of classical\nfew-body models for exploring the fundamental questions on the interface of\nmicroscopic dynamics and statistical physics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interaction quenches in the 1D Bose gas: The non-equilibrium dynamics of integrable systems are special: there is\nsubstantial evidence that after a quantum quench they do not thermalize but\ntheir asymptotic steady state can be described by a Generalized Gibbs Ensemble\n(GGE). Most of the studies on the GGE so far have focused on models that can be\nmapped to quadratic systems while analytic treatment in non-quadratic systems\nremained elusive. We obtain results on interaction quenches in a non-quadratic\ncontinuum system, the 1D Bose gas described by the integrable Lieb-Liniger\nmodel. We compute local correlators for a non-interacting initial state and\narbitrary final interactions as well as two-point functions for quenches to the\nTonks-Girardeau regime. We show that in the long time limit integrability leads\nto significant deviations from the predictions of the grand canonical ensemble.",
        "positive": "Eden model with nonlocal growth rules and the kinetic roughening in\n  biological systems: We investigate an off-lattice Eden model where the growth of new cells is\nperformed with a probability dependent on the availability of resources coming\nexternally towards the growing aggregate. Concentration of nutrients necessary\nfor replication is assumed to be proportional to the voids connecting the\nreplicating cells to the outer region, introducing therefore an nonlocal\ndependence on the replication rule. Our simulations point out that the\nKadar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class is a transient that can last for\nlong periods in plentiful environments. For conditions of nutrient scarcity we\nobserve a crossover from regular KPZ to unstable growth, passing by a transient\nconsistent with the quenched KPZ class at the pinning transition. Our analysis\nsheds light on results reporting on the universality class of kinetic\nroughening in akin experiments of biological growth."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal Transport in a Noncommutative Hydrodynamics: We find the hydrodynamic equations of a system of particles constrained to be\nin the lowest Landau level. We interpret the hydrodynamic theory as a\nHamiltonian system with the Poisson brackets between the hydrodynamic variables\ndetermined from the noncommutativity of space. We argue that the most general\nhydrodynamic theory can be obtained from this Hamiltonian system by allowing\nthe Righi-Leduc coefficient to be an arbitrary function of thermodynamic\nvariables. We compute the Righi-Leduc coefficients at high temperatures and\nshow that it satisfies the requirements of particle-hole symmetry, which we\noutline.",
        "positive": "Self-Similarity in Random Collision Processes: Kinetics of collision processes with linear mixing rules are investigated\nanalytically. The velocity distribution becomes self-similar in the long time\nlimit and the similarity functions have algebraic or stretched exponential\ntails. The characteristic exponents are roots of transcendental equations and\nvary continuously with the mixing parameters. In the presence of conservation\nlaws, the velocity distributions become universal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probabilistic Genotype-Phenotype Maps Reveal Mutational Robustness of\n  RNA Folding, Spin Glasses, and Quantum Circuits: Recent studies of genotype-phenotype (GP) maps have reported universally\nenhanced phenotypic robustness to genotype mutations, a feature essential to\nevolution. Virtually all of these studies make a simplifying assumption that\neach genotype maps deterministically to a single phenotype. Here, we introduce\nprobabilistic genotype-phenotype (PrGP) maps, where each genotype maps to a\nvector of phenotype probabilities, as a more realistic framework for\ninvestigating robustness. We study three model systems to show that our\ngeneralized framework can handle uncertainty emerging from various physical\nsources: (1) thermal fluctuation in RNA folding, (2) external field disorder in\nspin glass ground state finding, and (3) superposition and entanglement in\nquantum circuits, which are realized experimentally on a 7-qubit IBM quantum\ncomputer. In all three cases, we observe a novel biphasic robustness scaling\nwhich is enhanced relative to random expectation for more frequent phenotypes\nand approaches random expectation for less frequent phenotypes.",
        "positive": "Understanding the role of predictive time delay and biased propagator in\n  RAVE: In this work, we revisit our recent iterative machine learning (ML) --\nmolecular dynamics (MD) technique \"Reweighted autoencoded variational Bayes for\nenhanced sampling (RAVE)\" (Ribeiro, Bravo, Wang, Tiwary, J. Chem. Phys. 149\n072301 (2018) and Wang, Ribeiro, Tiwary, Nature Commun. 10 3573 (2019)) and\nanalyze as well as formalize some of its approximations. These including: (a)\nthe choice of a predictive time-delay, or how far into the future should the ML\ntry to predict the state of a given system output from MD, and (b) for short\ntime-delays, how much of an error is made in approximating the biased\npropagator for the dynamics as the unbiased propagator. We demonstrate through\na master equation framework as to why the exact choice of time-delay is\nirrelevant as long as a small non-zero value is adopted. We also derive a\ncorrection to reweight the biased propagator, and somewhat to our\ndissatisfaction but also to our reassurance, find that it barely makes a\ndifference to the intuitive picture we had previously derived and used."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Applications of Lambert-Tsallis and Lambert-Kaniadakis Functions in\n  Differential and Difference Equations with Deformed Exponential Decay: The analysis of a dynamical system modelled by differential (continuum case)\nor difference equation (discrete case) with deformed exponential decay, here we\nconsider Tsallis and Kaniadakis exponentials, may require the use of the\nrecently proposed deformed Lambert functions: the Lambert-Tsallis and\nLambert-Kaniadakis functions. In this direction, the present work studies the\nlogistic map with deformed exponential decay, using the Lambert-Tsallis and the\nLambert-Kaniadakis functions to determine the stable behaviour and the dynamic\nof the disentropy in the weak chaotic regime. Furthermore, we investigate the\nmotion of projectile when the vertical motion is governed by a non-linear\ndifferential equation with Tsallis exponential in the coefficient of the second\norder derivative. In this case, we calculated the range of the projectile using\nthe Lambert-Tsallis function.",
        "positive": "Many-body perturbation theory and fluctuation relations for interacting\n  population dynamics: Population dynamics deals with the collective phenomena of living organisms,\nand it has attracted much attention since it is expected to explain how not\nonly living organisms but also human beings have been adapted to varying\nenvironments. However, it is quite difficult to insist on a general statement\non living organisms since mathematical models heavily depend on phenomena that\nwe focus on. Recently it was reported that the fluctuation relations on the\nfitness of living organisms held for a quite general problem setting. But,\ninteractions between organisms were not incorporated in the problem setting,\nthough interaction plays critical roles in collective phenomena in physics and\npopulation dynamics. In this paper, we propose interacting models for\npopulation dynamics and provide the perturbative theory of population dynamics.\nThen, we derive the variational principle and fluctuation relations for\ninteracting population dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ginzburg-Landau Polynomials and the Asymptotic Behavior of the\n  Magnetization Near Critical and Tricritical Points: For the mean-field version of an important lattice-spin model due to Blume\nand Capel, we prove unexpected connections among the asymptotic behavior of the\nmagnetization, the structure of the phase transitions, and a class of\npolynomials that we call the Ginzburg-Landau polynomials. The model depends on\nthe parameters n, beta, and K, which represent, respectively, the number of\nspins, the inverse temperature, and the interaction strength. Our main focus is\non the asymptotic behavior of the magnetization m(beta_n,K_n) for appropriate\nsequences (beta_n,K_n) that converge to a second-order point or to the\ntricritical point of the model and that lie inside various subsets of the\nphase-coexistence region. The main result states that as (beta_n,K_n) converges\nto one of these points (beta,K), m(beta_n,K_n) ~ c |beta - beta_n|^gamma --> 0.\nIn this formula gamma is a positive constant, and c is the unique positive,\nglobal minimum point of a certain polynomial g that we call the Ginzburg-Landau\npolynomial. This polynomial arises as a limit of appropriately scaled\nfree-energy functionals, the global minimum points of which define the\nphase-transition structure of the model. For each sequence (beta_n,K_n) under\nstudy, the structure of the global minimum points of the associated\nGinzburg-Landau polynomial mirrors the structure of the global minimum points\nof the free-energy functional in the region through which (beta_n,K_n) passes\nand thus reflects the phase-transition structure of the model in that region.\nThe properties of the Ginzburg-Landau polynomials make rigorous the predictions\nof the Ginzburg-Landau phenomenology of critical phenomena, and the asymptotic\nformula for m(beta_n,K_n) makes rigorous the heuristic scaling theory of the\ntricritical point.",
        "positive": "Uniform quantized electron gas: In this work we study the correlation energy of the quantized electron gas of\nuniform density at temperature $T=0$. To do so we utilize methods from\nclassical statistical mechanics. The basis for this is the Feynman path\nintegral for the partition function of quantized systems. With this\nrepresentation the quantum mechanical problem can be interpreted as, and is\nequivalent to, a classical polymer problem in four dimensions where the fourth\ndimension is imaginary time. Thus methods, results, and properties obtained in\nthe statistical mechanics of classical fluids can be utilized. From this\nviewpoint we recover the well known RPA (random phase approximation). Then to\nimprove it we in this work modify the RPA by requiring the corresponding\ncorrelation function to be such that electrons with equal spins can not be on\nthe same position. Numerical evaluations are compared with well known results\nof a standard parameterization of Monte Carlo correlation energies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality classes in nonequilibrium lattice systems: This work is designed to overview our present knowledge about universality\nclasses occurring in nonequilibrium systems defined on regular lattices. In the\nfirst section I summarize the most important critical exponents, relations and\nthe field theoretical formalism used in the text. In the second section I\nbriefly address the question of scaling behavior at first order phase\ntransitions. In section three I review dynamical extensions of basic static\nclasses, show the effect of mixing dynamics and the percolation behavior. The\nmain body of this work is given in section four where genuine, dynamical\nuniversality classes specific to nonequilibrium systems are introduced. In\nsection five I continue overviewing such nonequilibrium classes but in coupled,\nmulti-component systems. Most of the known nonequilibrium transition classes\nare explored in low dimensions between active and absorbing states of\nreaction-diffusion type of systems. However by mapping they can be related to\nuniversal behavior of interface growth models, which I overview in section six.\nFinally in section seven I summarize families of absorbing state system\nclasses, mean-field classes and give an outlook for further directions of\nresearch.",
        "positive": "Aging power spectrum of membrane protein transport and other\n  subordinated random walks: Single-particle tracking offers detailed information about the motion of\nmolecules in complex environments such as those encountered in live cells, but\nthe interpretation of experimental data is challenging. One of the most\npowerful tools in the characterization of random processes is the power\nspectral density. However, because anomalous diffusion processes in complex\nsystems are usually not stationary, the traditional Wiener-Khinchin theorem for\nthe analysis of power spectral densities is invalid. Here, we employ a recently\ndeveloped tool named aging Wiener-Khinchin theorem to derive the power spectral\ndensity of fractional Brownian motion coexisting with a scalefree continuous\ntime random walk, the two most typical anomalous diffusion processes. Using\nthis analysis, we characterize the motion of voltage-gated sodium channels on\nthe surface of hippocampal neurons. Our results show aging where the power\nspectral density can either increase or decrease with observation time\ndepending on the specific parameters of both underlying processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometrical interpretation of fluctuating hydrodynamics in diffusive\n  systems: We discuss geometric formulations of hydrodynamic limits in diffusive\nsystems. Specifically, we describe a geometrical construction in the space of\ndensity profiles --- the Wasserstein geometry --- which allows the\ndeterministic hydrodynamic evolution of the systems to be related to steepest\ndescent of the free energy, and show how this formulation can be related to\nmost probable paths of mesoscopic dissipative systems. The geometric viewpoint\nis also linked to fluctuating hydrodynamics of these systems via a saddle point\nargument.",
        "positive": "Lebowitz Inequalities for Ashkin-Teller Systems: We consider the Ashkin-Teller model with negative four-spin coupling but\nstill in the region where the ground state is ferromagnetic. We establish the\nstandard Lebowitz inequality as well as the extension that is necessary to\nprove a divergent susceptibility."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Metastability within the generalized canonical ensemble: We discuss a property of our recently introduced generalized canonical\nensemble (J. Stat. Phys. 119 (2005) 1283). We show that this ensemble can be\nused to transform metastable or unstable (nonequilibrium) states of the\nstandard canonical ensemble into stable (equilibrium) states within the\ngeneralized canonical ensemble. Equilibrium calculations within the generalized\ncanonical ensemble can thus be used to obtain information about nonequilibrium\nstates in the canonical ensemble.",
        "positive": "Transition from small to large world in growing networks: We examine the global organization of growing networks in which a new vertex\nis attached to already existing ones with a probability depending on their age.\nWe find that the network is infinite- or finite-dimensional depending on\nwhether the attachment probability decays slower or faster than $(age)^{-1}$.\nThe network becomes one-dimensional when the attachment probability decays\nfaster than $(age)^{-2}$. We describe structural characteristics of these\nphases and transitions between them."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Five-loop \\sqrt\u03b5-expansions for random Ising model and marginal\n  spin dimensionality for cubic systems: The \\sqrt\\epsilon-expansions for critical exponents of the weakly-disordered\nIsing model are calculated up to the five-loop order and found to possess\ncoefficients with irregular signs and values. The estimate n_c = 2.855 for the\nmarginal spin dimensionality of the cubic model is obtained by the Pade-Borel\nresummation of corresponding five-loop \\epsilon-expansion.",
        "positive": "Symmetries and Geometrical Properties of Dynamical Fluctuations in\n  Molecular Dynamics: We describe some general results that constrain the dynamical fluctuations\nthat can occur in non-equilibrium steady states, with a focus on molecular\ndynamics. That is, we consider Hamiltonian systems, coupled to external heat\nbaths, and driven out of equilibrium by non-conservative forces. We focus on\nthe probabilities of rare events (large deviations). First, we discuss a PT\n(parity-time) symmetry that appears in ensembles of trajectories where a\ncurrent is constrained to have a large (non-typical) value. We analyse the heat\nflow in such ensembles, and compare it with non-equilibrium steady states.\nSecond, we consider pathwise large deviations that are defined by considering\nmany copies of a system. We show how the probability currents in such systems\ncan be decomposed into orthogonal contributions, that are related to\nconvergence to equilibrium and to dissipation. We discuss the implications of\nthese results for modelling non-equilibrium steady states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Gibbs Ensembles of the classical Toda chain: The Toda chain is the prime example of a classical integrable system with\nstrictly local conservation laws. Relying on the Dumitriu-Edelman matrix model,\nwe obtain the generalized free energy of the Toda chain and thereby establish a\nmapping to the one-dimensional log-gas with an interaction strength of order\n1/N. The (deterministic) local density of states of the Lax matrix is\nidentified as the object, which should evolve according to generalized\nhydrodynamics. In the current version missing factors of 2 are corrected.",
        "positive": "On quenches to the critical point of the three states Potts model --\n  Matrix Product State simulations and CFT: Conformal Field Theories (CFTs) have been used extensively to understand the\nphysics of critical lattice models at equilibrium. However, the applicability\nof CFT calculations to the behavior of the lattice systems in the\nout-of-equilibrium setting is not entirely understood. In this work, we compare\nthe CFT results of the evolution of the entanglement spectrum after a quantum\nquench with numerical calculations of the entanglement spectrum of the\nthree-state Potts model using matrix product state simulations. Our results\nlead us to conjecture that CFT does not describe the entanglement spectrum of\nthe three-state Potts model at long times, contrary to what happens in the\nIsing model. We thus numerically simulate the out-of-equilibrium behaviour of\nthe Potts model according to the CFT protocol - i.e. by taking a particular\nproduct state and \"cooling\" it, then quenching to the critical point and find\nthat, in this case, the entanglement spectrum is indeed described by the CFT at\nlong times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The non-equilibrium phase transition of the pair-contact process with\n  diffusion: The pair-contact process 2A->3A, 2A->0 with diffusion of individual particles\nis a simple branching-annihilation processes which exhibits a phase transition\nfrom an active into an absorbing phase with an unusual type of critical\nbehaviour which had not been seen before. Although the model has attracted\nconsiderable interest during the past few years it is not yet clear how its\ncritical behaviour can be characterized and to what extent the diffusive\npair-contact process represents an independent universality class. Recent\nresearch is reviewed and some standing open questions are outlined.",
        "positive": "Relaxation of a steep density gradient in a simple fluid: comparison\n  between atomistic and continuum modeling: We compare dynamical nonequilibrium molecular dynamics and continuum\nsimulations of the dynamics of relaxation of a fluid system characterized by a\nnon uniform density profile. Results match quite well as long as the\nlengthscale of density nonuniformities are greater than the molecular scale (10\ntimes the molecular size). In presence of molecular scale features some of the\ncontinuum fields (e.g. density and momentum) are in good agreement with\natomistic counterparts, but are smoother. On the contrary, other fields, such\nat the temperature field, present very large difference with respect to\nreference (atomistic) ones. This is due to the limited accuracy of some of the\nempirical relations used in continuum models, the equation of state of the\nfluid in the example considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Helmholtz Thermodynamics Beyond Hamiltonians: Including Walls, Pressure\n  and Heat Flow: For 1D Hamiltonian systems with periodic solutions, Helmholtz formalism\nprovides a tantalizing interpretation of classical thermodynamics, based on\ntime integrals of purely mechanical quantities and without need of statistical\ndescription. Here we extend this approach to include heat flux and pressure at\nthe walls, thereby enabling it to describe actual thermodynamic\ntransformations, such as isothermal compressions and expansions. The presence\nof hard walls, which gives rise to non zero pressure, is justified by means of\nthe virial theorem, while the heat fluxes are introduced as quasi-static limits\nof suitably thermostatted Hamiltonians. Particular attention is paid to\ngeneralizing the minimalist cases of the harmonic oscillator and elastic\nbouncer, which afford clear physical interpretations. With such extensions, a\ncomplete picture of thermodynamics emerges, amenable to cyclic transformations\ncapable of producing mechanical work from heat, like the Carnot cycle.",
        "positive": "Creation probabilities of hierarchical trees: We consider both analytically and numerically creation conditions of diverse\nhierarchical trees. A connection between the probabilities to create\nhierarchical levels and the probability to associate these levels into united\nstructure is found. We argue a consistent probabilistic picture requires making\nuse of the deformed algebra. Our consideration is based on study of main types\nof hierarchical trees, among which both regular and degenerate ones are studied\nanalytically, while the creation probabilities of the Fibonacci and free-scale\ntrees are determined numerically. We find a general expression for the creation\nprobability of an arbitrary tree and calculate the sum of terms of deformed\ngeometrical progression that appears at consideration of the degenerate tree."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topology and the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class: We study the role of the topology of the background space on the\none-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class. To do so, we\nstudy the growth of balls on disordered 2D manifolds with random Riemannian\nmetrics, generated by introducing random perturbations to a base manifold. As\nbase manifolds we consider cones of different aperture angles $\\theta$,\nincluding the limiting cases of a cylinder ($\\theta=0$, which corresponds to an\ninterface with periodic boundary conditions) and a plane ($\\theta=\\pi/2$, which\ncorresponds to an interface with circular geometry). We obtain that in the\nformer case the radial fluctuations of the ball boundaries follow the\nTracy-Widom (TW) distribution of the largest eigenvalue of random matrices in\nthe Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (TW-GOE), while on cones with any aperture\nangle $\\theta\\neq 0$ fluctuations correspond to the TW-GUE distribution related\nwith the Gaussian unitary ensemble. We provide a topological argument to\njustify the relevance of TW-GUE statistics for cones, and state a conjecture\nwhich relates the KPZ universality subclass with the background topology.",
        "positive": "Renormalization fixed point of the KPZ universality class: The one dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class is believed to\ndescribe many types of evolving interfaces which have the same characteristic\nscaling exponents. These exponents lead to a natural renormalization/rescaling\non the space of such evolving interfaces. We introduce and describe the\nrenormalization fixed point of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class in\nterms of a random nonlinear semigroup with stationary independent increments,\nand via a variational formula. Furthermore, we compute a plausible formula the\nexact transition probabilities using replica Bethe ansatz. The semigroup is\nconstructed from the Airy sheet, a four parameter space-time field which is the\nAiry2 process in each of its two spatial coordinates. Minimizing paths through\nthis field describe the renormalization group fixed point of directed polymers\nin a random potential. At present, the results we provide do not have\nmathematically rigorous proofs, and they should at most be considered\nproposals."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ordering Dynamics of Heisenberg Spins with Torque: Crossover, Spinwaves\n  and Defects: We study the effect of a torque induced by the local molecular field on the\nphase ordering dynamics of the Heisenberg model when the total magnetization is\nconserved. The torque drives the zero-temperature ordering dynamics to a new\nfixed point, characterized by exponents $z=2$ and $\\lambda \\approx 5$. This\n`torque-driven' fixed point is approached at times such that $g^2 t\\gg 1$,\nwhere $g$ is the strength of the torque. All physical quantities, like the\ndomain size $L(t)$ and the equal and unequal time correlation functions obey a\ncrossover scaling form over the entire range of $g$. An attempt to understand\nthis crossover behavior from the approximate Gaussian Closure Scheme fails\ncompletely, implying that the dynamics at late times cannot be understood from\nthe dynamics of defects alone. We provide convincing arguments that the spin\nconfigurations can be decomposed in terms of defects and spin-waves which\ninteract with each other even at late times. In the absence of the torque term,\nthe spin waves decay faster, but even so we find that the Gaussian closure\nscheme is inconsistent. In the latter case the inconsistency may be remedied by\nincluding corrections to a simple gaussian distribution. For completeness we\ninclude a discussion of the ordering dynamics at $T_c$, where the torque is\nshown to be relevant, with exponents $z=4-\\epsilon/2$ and $\\lambda = d$ (where\n$\\epsilon = 6-d$). We show to all orders in perturbation theory that\n$\\lambda=d$ as a consequence of the conservation law.",
        "positive": "The Analytical Theory of Bulk Melting I: Exact Solution of the\n  One-dimensional Atom Chain: We investigate theoretically the crucial r\\^{o}le of interstitialcies that\ntrigger the melting of a boundary-free crystal. Based on an interstitialcy\nmodel that resembles the $J_1$-$J_2$ model of frustrated antiferromagnets with\nuniaxial anisotropy, we have calculated the exact partition function and\ncorrelation functions in a one-dimensional atom chain. The melting point and\ncorrelation behavior of this crystal model show the applicability of Lindemann\ncriterion and Born criterion in the one-dimensional case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two Component Plasma in a Flamm's Paraboloid: The two component plasma (TCP) living in a Flamm's paraboloid is studied at a\nvalue of the coupling constant $\\Gamma=2$ for which an analytic expression for\nthe grand canonical partition function is available. Two cases are considered,\nthe plasma in the half surface with an insulating horizon and the plasma in the\nwhole surface. The Green's function equation necessary to determine the\n$n$-particle truncated correlation functions is explicitly found. In both cases\nthis proves too complicated to be solved analytically. So we present the method\nof solution reducing the problem to finding the two linearly independent\nsolutions of a linear homogeneous second order ordinary differential equation\nwith polynomial coefficients of high degrees. In the flat limit one recovers\nthe solution for the structure of the TCP in a plane in the first case but the\ncollapse of opposite charges at the horizon makes the structure of the plasma\nphysically not well defined in the second case.",
        "positive": "Simulation software for 'Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic': Simulation software used to produce results in cond-mat/0009448 -- published\nas Helbing et.al, Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic, Nature 407,\n487-490 (2000) -- has been made available via the website of the publication at\nhttp://angel.elte.hu/panic"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-dimensional scaling properties of experimental fracture surfaces: The morphology of fracture surfaces encodes the various complex damage and\nfracture processes occurring at the microstructure scale that have lead to the\nfailure of a given heterogeneous material. Understanding how to decipher this\nmorphology is therefore of fundamental interest. This has been extensively\ninvestigated over these two last decades. It has been established that 1D\nprofiles of these fracture surfaces exhibit properties of scaling invariance.\nIn this paper, we present deeper analysis and investigate the 2D scaling\nproperties of these fracture surfaces. We showed that the properties of scaling\ninvariance are anisotropic and evidenced the existence of two peculiar\ndirections on the post-mortem fracture surface caracterized by two different\nscaling exponents: the direction of the crack growth and the direction of the\ncrack front. These two exponents were found to be universal, independent of the\ncrack growth velocity, in both silica glass and aluminum alloy, archetype of\nbrittle and ductile material respectively. Moreover, the 2D structure function\nthat fully characterizes the scaling properties of the fracture surface was\nshown to take a peculiar form similar to the one predicted by some models\nissued from out-of-equilibrium statistical physics. This suggest some promising\nanalogies between dynamic phase transition models and the stability of a crack\nfront pinned/unpinned by the heterogenities of the material.",
        "positive": "Domain convexification: a simple model for invasion processes: We propose an invasion model where domains grow up to their convex hulls and\nmerge when they overlap. This model can be seen as a continuum and isotropic\ncounterpart of bootstrap percolation models. From numerical investigations of\nthe model starting with randomly scattered discs in two dimensions, we find an\ninvasion transition that occurs via macroscopic avalanches. The disc\nconcentration threshold and the sharpness of the transition are found to\ndecrease as the system size is increased. Our results are consistent with a\nvanishing threshold in the limit of infinitely large system sizes. However this\nlimit could not be investigated by simulations. For finite initial\nconcentrations of discs, the cluster size distribution presents a power-law\ntail characterized by an exponent that varies approximately linearly with the\ninitial concentration of discs. These results at finite initial concentration\nopen novel directions for the understanding of the transition in systems of\nfinite size. Furthermore, we find that the domain area distribution has\noscillations with discontinuities. In addition, the deviation from circularity\nof large domains is constant. Finally, we compare our results to experimental\nobservations on de-adhesion of graphene induced by the intercalation of\nnanoparticles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical Infinite-Range-Interaction Heisenberg Ferromagnetic Model:\n  Metastability and Sensitivity to Initial Conditions: A N-sized inertial classical Heisenberg ferromagnet, which consists in a\nmodification of the well-known standard model, where the spins are replaced by\nclassical rotators, is studied in the limit of infinite-range interactions. The\nusual canonical-ensemble mean-field solution of the inertial classical\n$n$-vector ferromagnet (for which $n=3$ recovers the particular Heisenberg\nmodel considered herein) is briefly reviewed, showing the well-known\nsecond-order phase transition. This Heisenberg model is studied numerically\nwithin the microcanonical ensemble, through molecular dynamics.",
        "positive": "On the energy translation invariance of probability distributions: We comment on the problem of energy translation invariance of probability\ndistribution and present some observations. It is shown that a probability\ndistribution can be invariant in the thermodynamic limit if there is no long\nterm interaction or correlation and no relativistic effect. So this invariance\nshould not be considered as a universal theoretical property. Some\npeculiarities within the invariant $q$-exponential distribution reveal that the\nconnection of the current nonextensive statistical mechanics to thermodynamics\nmight be disturbed by this invariance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Corner Transfer Matrix Algorithm for Classical Renormalization Group: We report a real-space renormalization group (RSRG) algorithm, which is\nformulated through Baxter's corner transfer matrix (CTM), for two-dimensional\n(d = 2) classical lattice models. The new method performs the renormalization\ngroup transformation according to White's density matrix algorithm, so that\nvariational free energies are minimized within a restricted degree of freedom\nm. As a consequence of the renormalization, spin variables on each corner of\nCTM are replaced by a m-state block spin variable. It is shown that the\nthermodynamic functions and critical exponents of the q = 2, 3 Potts models can\nbe precisely evaluated by use of the renormalization group method.",
        "positive": "Application of the concept of hierarchical subordination to chain\n  reactions in a nuclear reactor: Based on the theory of hierarchical structures, a correspondence has been\nestablished between the dynamics for the number of neutrons obtained from the\ntheory of branching processes, the number of neutrons of the n-th generation,\nthe number of nodes at the n-th level of the hierarchy, the rate of change in\nthe probability of a chain reaction, the type of intensity and strength of the\nhierarchical connection, the degree reactor criticality, and neutron\ntrajectories in the reactor. A connection has been found between the\nprobabilities of the formation of a certain generation of the number of\nneutrons and the probability of the occurrence of a self-sustaining chain\nreaction of nuclear fission. It is shown that the Tsallis and R\\'enyi\ndistributions describing these processes are related by relations of deformed\nalgebra, and under certain conditions can be accompanying with respect to each\nother."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral theory of metastability and extinction in a\n  branching-annihilation reaction: We apply the spectral method, recently developed by the authors, to calculate\nthe statistics of a reaction-limited multi-step birth-death process, or\nchemical reaction, that includes as elementary steps branching A->2A and\nannihilation 2A->0. The spectral method employs the generating function\ntechnique in conjunction with the Sturm-Liouville theory of linear differential\noperators. We focus on the limit when the branching rate is much higher than\nthe annihilation rate, and obtain accurate analytical results for the complete\nprobability distribution (including large deviations) of the metastable\nlong-lived state, and for the extinction time statistics. The analytical\nresults are in very good agreement with numerical calculations. Furthermore, we\nuse this example to settle the issue of the \"lacking\" boundary condition in the\nspectral formulation.",
        "positive": "Stock Market Scale by Artificial Insymmetrised Patterns: Large and stable indices of the world wide stock markets such as NYSE and SP\n500 together with NASDAQ -- the index representing markets of new trends, and\nWIG -- the index of the local stock market of Eastern Europe, are considered.\nDue to the relation between artificial insymmetrised patterns (AIP) and time\nseries, stationary and temporary properties of stock market indices are\nidentified. By filtering extreme events it is found that fluctuations are\nself-similar. Snap-shots in time lead to estimates for a temporary state of a\nmarket with respect to its history. It appears that close to a crash the AIP\nrepresentation of a system becomes frozen."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized microcanonical and Gibbs ensembles in classical and quantum\n  integrable dynamics: We prove two statements about the long time dynamics of integrable\nHamiltonian systems. In classical mechanics, we prove the microcanonical\nversion of the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE) by mapping it to a known\ntheorem and then extend it to the limit of infinite number of degrees of\nfreedom. In quantum mechanics, we prove GGE for maximal Hamiltonians - a class\nof models stemming from a rigorous notion of quantum integrability understood\nas the existence of conserved charges with prescribed dependence on a system\nparameter, e.g. Hubbard U, anisotropy in the XXZ model etc. In analogy with\nclassical integrability, the defining property of these models is that they\nhave the maximum number of independent integrals. We contrast their dynamics\ninduced by quenching the parameter to that of random matrix Hamiltonians.",
        "positive": "Comments On the heat capacity of liquids at high temperatures, S.M.\n  Stishov, Physica A 478 (2017) 205: It is shown that the isochoric heat capacity of dense gas, fluid and liquid\ndecreases with increasing temperature at arbitrary values of a density for many\npair interaction potentials, including bonded potentials; that a decrease of\nthe isochoric heat capacity of the liquid with increasing temperature is\nrelated to a decrease of the interaction between the particles with increasing\ntemperature; that a radial distribution function for nonideal dilute gas, which\nis independent of density, can describe a temperature dependence of the\nisochoric heat capacity of liquid argon; that a radial distribution function\ndependent on the density and temperature describes a temperature dependence of\nthe isochoric heat capacity of liquid and dense fluid; that the\nCarnahan-Starling equation of state for soft spheres gives a good quantitative\ndescription of the isochoric heat capacity of argon; that the fluctuations of\nthe kinetic energy increases with temperature faster than that of the potential\nenergy; and finally, that a liquid state can be considered as a state of dense\ngas. The explicit expressions to define the Frenkel line on the (temperature,\ndensity) plane are derived."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the general properties of non-linear optical conductivities: The optical conductivity is the basic defining property of materials\ncharacterizing the current response toward time-dependent electric fields. In\nthis work, following the approach of Kubo's response theory, we study the\ngeneral properties of the nonlinear optical conductivities of quantum many-body\nsystems both in equilibrium and non-equilibrium. We obtain an expression of the\nsecond- and the third-order optical conductivity in terms of correlation\nfunctions and present a perturbative proof of the generalized Kohn formula\nproposed recently. We also discuss a generalization of the $f$-sum rule to a\nnon-equilibrium setting by focusing on the instantaneous response.",
        "positive": "Brownian ratchets driven by asymmetric nucleation of hydrolysis waves: We propose a stochastic process wherein molecular transport is mediated by\nasymmetric nucleation of domains on a one-dimensional substrate. Track-driven\nmechanisms of molecular transport arise in biophysical applications such as\nHolliday junction positioning and collagenase processivity. In contrast to\nmolecular motors that hydrolyze nucleotide triphosphates and undergo a local\nmolecular conformational change, we show that asymmetric nucleation of\nhydrolysis waves on a track can also result in directed motion of an attached\nparticle. Asymmetrically cooperative kinetics between ``hydrolyzed'' and\n``unhydrolyzed'' states on each lattice site generate moving domain walls that\npush a particle sitting on the track. We use a novel fluctuating-frame,\nfinite-segment mean field theory to accurately compute steady-state velocities\nof the driven particle and to discover parameter regimes which yield maximal\ndomain wall flux, leading to optimal particle drift."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fast Algorithm for Relaxation Processes in Big-data Systems: Relaxation processes driven by a Laplacian matrix can be found in many\nreal-world big-data systems, for example, in search engines on the\nWorld-Wide-Web and the dynamic load balancing protocols in mesh networks. To\nnumerically implement such processes, a fast-running algorithm for the\ncalculation of the pseudo inverse of the Laplacian matrix is essential. Here we\npropose an algorithm which computes fast and efficiently the pseudo inverse of\nMarkov chain generator matrices satisfying the detailed-balance condition, a\ngeneral class of matrices including the Laplacian. The algorithm utilizes the\nrenormalization of the Gaussian integral. In addition to its applicability to a\nwide range of problems, the algorithm outperforms other algorithms in its\nability to compute within a manageable computing time arbitrary elements of the\npseudo inverse of a matrix of size millions by millions. Therefore our\nalgorithm can be used very widely in analyzing the relaxation processes\noccurring on large-scale networked systems.",
        "positive": "Metastable behavior of the spin-s Ising and Blume-Capel ferromagnets: A\n  Monte Carlo study: We present an extensive Monte Carlo investigation of the metastable lifetime\nthrough the reversal of the magnetization of spin-$s$ Ising and Blume-Capel\nmodels, where $s=\\{1/2, 1, 3/2, 2, 5/2, 3, 7/2\\}$. The mean metastable lifetime\n(or reversal time) is studied as a function of the applied magnetic field and\nfor both models is found to obey the Becker-Doring theory, as was initially\ndeveloped for the case of $s=1/2$ Ising ferromagnet within the classical\nnucleation theory. Moreover, the decay of metastable volume fraction nicely\nfollows the Avrami's law for all values of $s$ and for both models considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A hydrodynamic approach to Stark localization: When a free Fermi gas on a lattice is subject to the action of a linear\npotential it does not drift away, as one would naively expect, but it remains\nspatially localized. Here we revisit this phenomenon, known as Stark\nlocalization, within the recently proposed framework of generalized\nhydrodynamics. In particular, we consider the dynamics of an initial state in\nthe form of a domain wall and we recover known results for the particle density\nand the particle current, while we derive analytical predictions for relevant\nobservables such as the entanglement entropy and the full counting statistics.\nThen, we extend the analysis to generic potentials, highlighting the\nrelationship between the occurrence of localization and the presence of\npeculiar closed orbits in phase space, arising from the lattice dispersion\nrelation. We also compare our analytical predictions with numerical\ncalculations and with the available results, finding perfect agreement. This\napproach paves the way for an exact treatment of the interacting case known as\nStark many-body localization.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of the two-dimensional directed Ising model in the paramagnetic\n  phase: We consider the non-conserved dynamics of the Ising model on the\ntwo-dimensional square lattice, where each spin is influenced preferentially by\nits East and North neighbours. The single-spin flip rates are such that the\nstationary state is Gibbsian with respect to the usual ferromagnetic Ising\nHamiltonian. We show the existence, in the paramagnetic phase, of a dynamical\ntransition between two regimes of violation of the fluctuation-dissipation\ntheorem in the nonequilibrium stationary state: a regime of weak violation\nwhere the stationary fluctuation-dissipation ratio is finite, when the\nasymmetry parameter is less than a threshold value, and a regime of strong\nviolation where this ratio vanishes asymptotically above the threshold. The\npresent study suggests that this novel kind of dynamical transition in\nnonequilibrium stationary states, already found for the directed Ising chain\nand the spherical model with asymmetric dynamics, might be quite general. In\ncontrast with the later models, the equal-time correlation function for the\ntwo-dimensional directed Ising model depends on the asymmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transition in the maximum clique problem: the case of Erdos-Renyi\n  graphs: A phase transition, like the one already found on Boolean satisfiability\nproblem by Kirkpatrick and Selman, is found on max clique problem on ER graphs.\nAlthough number of the datapoints is limited, the transition seems to obey\nfinite size scaling. The transition also shows concentration of the graph\ninstances which need particularly large CPU time to solve.",
        "positive": "Critical temperature of the superfluid transition in bose liquids: A phenomenological criterion for the superfluid transition is proposed, which\nis similar to the Lindemann criterion for the crystal melting. Then we derive a\nnew formula for the critical temperature, relating $T_{\\lambda}$ to the mean\nkinetic energy per particle above the transition. The suppression of the\ncritical temperature in a sufficiently dense liquid is described as a result of\nthe quantum decoherence phenomenon. The theory can account for the observed\ndependence of $T_{\\lambda}$ on density in liquid helium and results in an\nestimate $T_{\\lambda} \\sim 1.1$ K for molecular hydrogen."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature induced tunable particle separation: An effective approach to isolation of sub-micro sized particles is desired to\nseparate cancer and healthy cells or in therapy of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's\ndisease. However, since bioparticles span a large size range comprising several\norders of magnitude, development of an adequate separation method is a\nchallenging task. We consider a collection of non-interacting Brownian\nparticles of various sizes moving in a symmetric periodic potential and\nsubjected to an external unbiased harmonic driving as well as a constant bias.\nWe reveal a nonintuitive, yet efficient, separation mechanism based on thermal\nfluctuations induced negative mobility phenomenon in which particles of a given\nsize move in a direction opposite to the applied bias. By changing solely\ntemperature of the system one can separate particles of various strictly\ndefined sizes. This novel approach may be important step towards development of\npoint-of-care lab-on-a-chip devices.",
        "positive": "Statistics of the work distribution for a quenched Fermi gas: The local quench of a Fermi gas, giving rise to the Fermi edge singularity\nand the Anderson orthogonality catastrophe, is a rare example of an\nanalytically tractable out of equilibrium problem in condensed matter. It\ndescribes the universal physics which occurs when a localized scattering\npotential is suddenly introduced in a Fermi sea leading to a brutal disturbance\nof the quantum state. It has recently been proposed that the effect could be\nefficiently simulated in a controlled manner using the tunability of ultra-cold\natoms. In this work, we analyze the quench problem in a gas of trapped\nultra-cold fermions from a thermodynamic perspective using the full statistics\nof the so called work distribution. The statistics of work are shown to provide\nan accurate insight into the fundamental physics of the process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Birds on a Wire: We investigate the occupancy statistics of birds on a wire and on\nhigher-dimensional substrates. In one dimension, birds land one by one on a\nwire and rest where they land. Whenever a newly arriving bird lands within a\nfixed distance of already resting birds, these resting birds immediately fly\naway. We determine the steady-state occupancy of the wire, the distribution of\ngaps between neighboring birds, and other basic statistical features of this\nprocess. We discuss conjectures for corresponding observables in higher\ndimensions.",
        "positive": "Quantum Critical Universality and Singular Corner Entanglement Entropy\n  of Bilayer Heisenberg-Ising model: We consider a bilayer quantum spin model with anisotropic intra-layer\nexchange couplings. By varying the anisotropy, the quantum critical phenomena\nchanges from XY to Heisenberg to Ising universality class, with two, three and\none modes respectively becoming gapless simultaneously. We use series expansion\nmethods to calculate the second and third Renyi entanglement entropies when the\nsystem is bipartitioned into two parts. Leading area-law terms and subleading\nentropies associated with corners are separately calculated. We find clear\nevidence that the logarithmic singularity associated with the corners is\nuniversal in each class. Its coefficient along the Ising critical line is in\nexcellent agreement with those obtained previously for the transverse-field\nIsing model. Our results provide strong evidence for the idea that the\nuniversal terms in the entanglement entropy provide an approximate measure of\nthe low energy degrees of freedom in the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free cooling and inelastic collapse of granular gases in high dimensions: The connection between granular gases and sticky gases has recently been\nconsidered, leading to the conjecture that inelastic collapse is avoided for\nspace dimensions higher than 4. We report Molecular Dynamics simulations of\nhard inelastic spheres in dimensions 4, 5 and 6. The evolution of the granular\nmedium is monitored throughout the cooling process. The behaviour is found to\nbe very similar to that of a two-dimensional system, with a shearing-like\ninstability of the velocity field and inelastic collapse when collisions are\ninelastic enough, showing that the connection with sticky gases needs to be\nrevised.",
        "positive": "Application of vibration-transit theory to distinct dynamic response for\n  a monatomic liquid: We examine the distinct part of the density autocorrelation function Fd(q,t),\nalso called the intermediate scattering function, from the point of view of the\nvibration-transit (V-T) theory of monatomic liquid dynamics. A similar study\nhas been reported for the self part, and we study the self and distinct parts\nseparately because their damping processes are not simply related. We begin\nwith the perfect vibrational system, which provides precise definitions of the\nliquid correlations, and provides the vibrational approximation Fdvib(q,t) at\nall q and t. Two independent liquid correlations are defined, motional and\nstructural, and these are decorrelated sequentially, with a crossover time\ntc(q). This is done by two independent decorrelation processes: the first,\nvibrational dephasing, is naturally present in Fdvib(q,t) and operates to damp\nthe motional correlation; the second, transit-induced decorrelation, is invoked\nto enhance the damping of motional correlation, and then to damp the structural\ncorrelation. A microscopic model is made for the \"transit drift\", the averaged\ntransit motion that damps motional correlation on 0 < t < tc(q). Following the\npreviously developed self-decorrelation theory, a microscopic model is also\nmade for the \"transit random walk,\" which damps the structural correlation on t\n> tc(q). The complete model incorporates a property common to both self and\ndistinct decorrelation: simple exponential decay following a delay period,\nwhere the delay is tc(q, the time required for the random walk to emerge from\nthe drift. Our final result is an accurate expression for Fd(q,t) for all q\nthrough the first peak in Sd(q). The theory is calibrated and tested using\nmolecular dynamics (MD) calculations for liquid Na at 395K; however, the theory\nitself does not depend on MD, and we consider other means for calibrating it."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Properties of the energy landscape of network models for covalent\n  glasses: We investigate the energy landscape of two dimensional network models for\ncovalent glasses by means of the lid algorithm. For three different particle\ndensities and for a range of network sizes, we exhaustively analyse many\nconfiguration space regions enclosing deep-lying energy minima. We extract the\nlocal densities of states and of minima, and the number of states and minima\naccessible below a certain energy barrier, the 'lid'. These quantities show on\naverage a close to exponential growth as a function of their respective\narguments. We calculate the configurational entropy for these pockets of states\nand find that the excess specific heat exhibits a peak at a critical\ntemperature associated with the exponential growth in the local density of\nstates, a feature of the specific heat also observed in real glasses at the\nglass transition.",
        "positive": "Temperature and friction fluctuations inside a harmonic potential: In this article we study the trapped motion of a molecule undergoing\ndiffusivity fluctuations inside a harmonic potential. For the same\ndiffusing-diffusivity process, we investigate two possible interpretations.\nDepending on whether diffusivity fluctuations are interpreted as temperature or\nfriction fluctuations, we show that they display drastically different\nstatistical properties inside the harmonic potential. We compute the\ncharacteristic function of the process under both types of interpretations and\nanalyse their limit behavior. Based on the integral representations of the\nprocesses we compute the mean-squared displacement and the normalized excess\nkurtosis. In the long-time limit, we show for friction fluctuations that the\nprobability density function (PDF) always converges to a Gaussian whereas in\nthe case of temperature fluctuations the stationary PDF can display either\nGaussian distribution or generalized Laplace (Bessel) distribution depending on\nthe ratio between diffusivity and positional correlation times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deformed gas of p,q-bosons: virial expansion and virial coefficients: In the study of many-particle systems both the interaction of particles can\nbe essential and such feature as their internal (composite) structure. To\ndescribe these aspects, the theory of deformed oscillators is very efficient.\nViewing the particles as p,q-deformed bosons, in the corresponding p,q-Bose gas\nmodel we obtain in explicit form virial expansion along with the 2nd to 5th\nvirial coefficients. The obtained virial coefficients depend on the deformation\nparameters p,q in the form symmetric under p<->q, and at p->1, q->1 turn into\nthose known for usual bosons. Besides real parameters, we analyze the case of\ncomplex mutually conjugate p and q and find interesting implications. Also, the\ncritical temperature is derived (for the p,q-Bose gas) and compared with the\nT_c of standard case of Bose condensation. Similar results are presented for\nthe deformed Bose gas model of the Tamm-Dancoff type.",
        "positive": "Semiclassical approach to the thermodynamics of spin chains: Using the PQSCHA semiclassical method, we evaluate thermodynamic quantities\nof one-dimensional Heisenberg ferro- and antiferromagnets. Since the PQSCHA\nreduces their evaluation to classical-like calculations, we take advantage of\nFisher's exact solution to get all results in an almost fully analytical way.\nExplicitly considered here are the specific heat, the correlations length and\nsusceptibility. Good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations is found for S>1\nantiferromagnets, showing that the relevance of the topological terms and of\nthe Haldane gap is significant only for the lowest spin values and\ntemperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of dissipative systems: We propose a generalization of classical statistical mechanics which\ndescribes the behavior of dissipative systems placed in contact with a heat\nbath. In contrast to conventional statistical mechanics, which assigns\nprobabilities to the states of the system, the generalized theory assigns\nprobabilities to the trajectories of the system. The conditional probability of\npairs of states at two different times is given by a path integral. We present\ntwo simple analytically-tractable examples which illustrate the predicted\neffect of temperature on the mean trajectories, hysteresis and drift of the\nsystem.",
        "positive": "Absence of temporal order in states with spatial correlation decay: In quantum lattice systems, we prove that any stationary state with power-law\n(or even exponential) decay of spatial correlations has vanishing macroscopic\ntemporal order in the thermodynamic limit. Assuming translational invariance,\nwe obtain a similar bound on the temporal order between local operators at late\ntimes. Our proofs do not require any locality of the Hamiltonian. Applications\nin quantum time crystals are briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scale-free energy dissipation and dynamic phase transition in stochastic\n  sandpiles: We study numerically scaling properties of the distribution of cumulative\nenergy dissipated in an avalanche and the dynamic phase transition in a\nstochastic directed cellular automaton [B. Tadi\\'c and D. Dhar, Phys. Rev.\nLett. {\\bf 79}, 1519 (1997)] in d=1+1 dimensions. In the critical steady state\noccurring for the probability of toppling $p\\ge p^\\star$= 0.70548, the\ndissipated energy distribution exhibits scaling behavior with new scaling\nexponents $\\tau_E $ and D_E for slope and cut-off energy, respectively,\nindicating that the sandpile surface is a fractal. In contrast to avalanche\nexponents, the energy exponents appear to be p- dependent in the region\n$p^\\star \\le p <1$, however the product $(\\tau_E-1)D_E$ remains universal. We\nestimate the roughness exponent of the transverse section of the pile as $\\chi\n=0.44\\pm 0.04$. Critical exponents characterizing the dynamic phase transition\nat $p^\\star $ are obtained by direct simulation and scaling analysis of the\nsurvival probability distribution and the average outflow current. The\ntransition belongs to a new universality class with the critical exponents\n$\\nu_\\| =\\gamma =1.22 \\pm 0.02$, $\\beta =0.56\\pm 0.02$ and $\\nu_\\bot = 0.761\n\\pm 0.029$, with apparent violation of hyperscaling. Generalized hyperscaling\nrelation leads to $\\beta + \\beta ^\\prime = (d-1)\\nu_\\bot $, where $\\beta\n^\\prime = 0.195 \\pm 0.012$ is the exponent governed by the ultimate survival\nprobability.",
        "positive": "Ising universality in the two-dimensional Blume-Capel model with\n  quenched random crystal field: Using high-precision Monte-Carlo simulations based on a parallel version of\nthe Wang-Landau algorithm and finite-size scaling techniques we study the\neffect of quenched disorder in the crystal-field coupling of the Blume-Capel\nmodel on the square lattice. We mainly focus on the part of the phase diagram\nwhere the pure model undergoes a continuous transition, known to fall into the\nuniversality class of the pure Ising ferromagnet. A dedicated scaling analysis\nreveals concrete evidence in favor of the strong universality hypothesis with\nthe presence of additional logarithmic corrections in the scaling of the\nspecific heat. Our results are in agreement with an early real-space\nrenormalization-group study of the model as well as a very recent numerical\nwork where quenched randomness was introduced in the energy exchange coupling.\nFinally, by properly fine tuning the control parameters of the randomness\ndistribution we also qualitatively investigate the part of the phase diagram\nwhere the pure model undergoes a first-order phase transition. For this region,\npreliminary evidence indicate a smoothening of the transition to second-order\nwith the presence of strong scaling corrections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermally activated barrier crossing and stochastic resonance of a\n  flexible polymer chain in a piecewise linear bistable potential: We study the stochastic resonance (SR) of a flexible polymer chain crossing\nover a piecewise linear bistable potential. The dependence of signal to noise\nratio $SNR$ on noise intensity $D$, coupling constant $k$ and polymer length\n$N$ is studied via two state approximation. We find that the response of signal\nto the background noise strength is significant at optimum values of $D_{opt}$,\n$k_{opt}$ and $N_{opt}$ which suggests novel means of manipulating proteins or\nvesicles. Furthermore, the thermally activated barrier crossing rate $r_{k}$\nfor the flexible polymer chain is studied. We find that the crossing rate\n$r_{k}$ exhibits an optimal value at an optimal coupling constant $k_{opt}$;\n$k_{opt}$ decreases with $N$. As the chain length $N$ increases, the escape\nrate for the center of mass $r_{k}$ monotonously decreases. On the other hand,\nthe crossing rate for the portion of polymer segment $r_s$ increases and\nsaturates to a constant rate as $N$ steps up.",
        "positive": "Diffusion in a potential landscape with stochastic resetting: The steady state of a Brownian particle diffusing in an arbitrary potential\nunder the stochastic resetting mechanism has been studied. We show that there\nare different classes of nonequilibrium steady states depending on the nature\nof the potential. In the stable potential landscape, the system attains a well\ndefined steady state however existence of the steady state for the unstable\nlandscape is constrained. We have also investigated the transient properties of\nthe propagator towards the steady state under the stochastic resetting\nmechanism. Finally, we have done numerical simulations to verify our analytical\nresults."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal estimates of the diffusion coefficient of a single Brownian\n  trajectory: Modern developments in microscopy and image processing are revolutionizing\nareas of physics, chemistry and biology as nanoscale objects can be tracked\nwith unprecedented accuracy. The goal of single particle tracking is to\ndetermine the interaction between the particle and its environment. The price\npaid for having a direct visualization of a single particle is a consequent\nlack of statistics. Here we address the optimal way of extracting diffusion\nconstants from single trajectories for pure Brownian motion. It is shown that\nthe maximum likelihood estimator is much more efficient than the commonly used\nleast squares estimate. Furthermore we investigate the effect of disorder on\nthe distribution of estimated diffusion constants and show that it increases\nthe probability of observing estimates much smaller than the true (average)\nvalue.",
        "positive": "Mean Field Theory of Spherical Gravitating Systems: Important gaps remain in our understanding of the thermodynamics and\nstatistical physics of self-gravitating systems. Using mean field theory, here\nwe investigate the equilibrium properties of several spherically symmetric\nmodel systems confined in a finite domain consisting of either point masses, or\nrotating mass shells of different dimension. We establish a direct connection\nbetween the spherically symmetric equilibrium states of a self-gravitating\npoint mass system and a shell model of dimension 3. We construct the\nequilibrium density functions by maximizing the entropy subject to the usual\nconstraints of normalization and energy, but we also take into account the\nconstraint on the sum of the squares of the individual angular momenta, which\nis also an integral of motion for these symmetric systems. Two new statistical\nensembles are introduced which incorporate the additional constraint. They are\nused to investigate the possible occurrence of a phase transition as the\ndefining parameters for each ensemble are altered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Electronic Energy Functionals: Levy-Lieb principle within the Ground\n  State Path Integral Quantum Monte Carlo: We propose a theoretical/computational protocol based on the use of the\nGround State (GS) Path Integral (PI) Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) for the\ncalculation of the kinetic and Coulomb energy density for a system of $N$\ninteracting electrons in an external potential. The idea is based on the\nderivation of the energy densities via the $N-1$-conditional probability\ndensity within the framework of the Levy-Lieb constrained search principle. The\nconsequences for the development of energy functionals within the context of\nDensity Functional Theory (DFT) are discussed. We propose also the possibility\nof going beyond the energy densities and extend this idea to a computational\nprocedure where the $N-1$-conditional probability is an implicit functional of\nthe electron density, independently from the external potential. In principle,\nsuch a procedure paves the way for an {\\it on-the-fly} determination of the\nenergy functional for any system.",
        "positive": "The influence of statistical properties of Fourier coefficients on\n  random surfaces: Many examples of natural systems can be described by random Gaussian\nsurfaces. Much can be learned by analyzing the Fourier expansion of the\nsurfaces, from which it is possible to determine the corresponding Hurst\nexponent and consequently establish the presence of scale invariance. We show\nthat this symmetry is not affected by the distribution of the modulus of the\nFourier coefficients. Furthermore, we investigate the role of the Fourier\nphases of random surfaces. In particular, we show how the surface is affected\nby a non-uniform distribution of phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Lattice Model of Multi-Component Systems with Internal\n  Degrees of Freedom. I. General consideration: The paper contains the generalization of usual lattice model of\nmulticomponent systems. The generalization is related to account the following\nfactors: 1. The short-range parts of interatomic repulsions. These repulsions\nare not identical for different pairs of atoms, therefore it is impossible to\ntake into account the repulsions by means of usual ideal lattice introduction.\n2. The long-range interatomic potentials take into account by means of\neffective fields approximation. 3. The presence the interatomic potentials\ndepending on some inner degrees of freedoms such as atomic electric and/or\nmagnetic momentum. The Helmholtz free energy functional in the generalized\nlattice model is reduced to the Ginzburg-Landau-Cahn-Hilliard-like (GLCH) form.\nThe connection between the interatomic potentials characteristics and the\nparameters of the GLCH-like functional is obtained. The equations for both full\nand partial equilibrium distributions of the species in multicomponent systems\nare derived.",
        "positive": "Persistence and Life Time Distribution in Coarsening Phenomen: We investigate the life time distribution in one and two dimensional\ncoarsening processes modelled by Ising - Glauber dynamics at zero temperature.\nWe find that the life time distribution obeys a scaling ansatz, asymptotically.\nAn independent life time model where the life times are sampled from a\ndistribution with power law tail is presented, which predicts analytically the\nqualitative features of the scaling function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium evaporation/condensation model: A new mathematical model for non-equilibrium evaporation/condensation\nincluding boiling effect is proposed. A simplified differential-algebraic\nsystem of equations is obtained. A code to solve numerically this\ndifferential-algebraic system has been developed. It is designed to solve both\nsystems of equations with and without the boiling effect. Numerical\ncalculations of ammonia-water systems with various initial conditions, which\ncorrespond to evaporation and/or condensation of both components, have been\nperformed. It is shown that, although the system evolves quickly towards a\nquasi equilibrium state, it is necessary to use a non-equilibrium evaporation\nmodel to calculate accurately the evaporation/condensation rates, and\nconsequently all the other dependent variables.",
        "positive": "Quantifying the validity and breakdown of the overdamped approximation\n  in stochastic thermodynamics: Theory and experiment: Stochastic thermodynamics provides an important framework to explore small\nphysical systems where thermal fluctuations are inevitable. In the studies of\nstochastic thermodynamics, some thermodynamic quantities, such as the\ntrajectory work, associated with the complete Langevin equation (the Kramers\nequation) are often assumed to converge to those associated with the overdamped\nLangevin equation (the Smoluchowski equation) in the overdamped limit under the\noverdamped approximation. Nevertheless, a rigorous mathematical proof of the\nconvergence of the work distributions to our knowledge has not been reported so\nfar. Here we study the convergence of the work distributions explicitly. In the\noverdamped limit, we rigorously prove the convergence of the extended\nFokker-Planck equations including work using a multiple timescale expansion\napproach. By taking the linearly dragged harmonic oscillator as an exactly\nsolvable example, we analytically calculate the work distribution associated\nwith the Kramers equation, and verify its convergence to that associated with\nthe Smoluchowski equation in the overdamped limit. We quantify the accuracy of\nthe overdamped approximation as a function of the damping coefficient. In\naddition, we experimentally demonstrate that the data of the work distribution\nof a levitated silica nanosphere agrees with the overdamped approximation in\nthe overdamped limit, but deviates from the overdamped approximation in the\nlow-damping case. Our work fills a gap between the stochastic thermodynamics\nbased on the complete Langevin equation (the Kramers equation) and the\noverdamped Langevin equation (the Smoluchowski equation), and deepens our\nunderstanding of the overdamped approximation in stochastic thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Fluctuations of Entropy Production for Fermionic Systems in\n  Landauer-Buttiker State: The quantum fluctuations of the entropy production for fermionic systems in\nthe Landauer-Buttiker non-equilibrium steady state are investigated. The\nprobability distribution, governing these fluctuations, is explicitly derived\nby means of quantum field theory methods and analysed in the zero frequency\nlimit. It turns out that microscopic processes with positive, vanishing and\nnegative entropy production occur in the system with non-vanishing probability.\nIn spite of this fact, we show that all odd moments (in particular, the mean\nvalue of the entropy production) of the above distribution are non-negative.\nThis result extends the second principle of thermodynamics to the quantum\nfluctuations of the entropy production in the Landauer-Buttiker state. The\nimpact of the time reversal is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Integrated Information, a Complexity Measure for optimal partitions: Motivated by the possible applications that a better understanding of\nconsciousness might bring, we follow Tononi's idea and calculate analytically a\ncomplexity index for two systems of Ising spins with parallel update dynamics,\nthe homogeneous and a modular infinite range models. Using the information\ngeometry formulation of integrated information theory, we calculate the\ngeometric integrated information index, $\\phi_G(\\Pi)$ for a fixed partition\n$\\Pi$ with $K$ components and $\\Phi=$max$_\\Pi\\phi_G(\\Pi)$ for $K=2$ or $3$. For\nsystems in the deep ferromagnetic phase, the optimal partition undergoes a\ntransition such that the smallest (largest) component is above (resp. below)\nits critical temperature. The effects of partitioning are taken into account by\nintroducing site dilution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Yield stress, heterogeneities and activated processes in soft glassy\n  materials: The rheological behavior of soft glassy materials basically results from the\ninterplay between shearing forces and an intrinsic slow dynamics. This\ncompetition can be described by a microscopic theory, which can be viewed as a\nnonequilibrium schematic mode-coupling theory. This statistical mechanics\napproach to rheology results in a series of detailed theoretical predictions,\nsome of which still awaiting for their experimental verification. We present\nnew, preliminary, results about the description of yield stress, flow\nheterogeneities and activated processes within this theoretical framework.",
        "positive": "The Einstein relation generalized to non-equilibrium: The Einstein relation connecting the diffusion constant and the mobility is\nviolated beyond the linear response regime. For a colloidal particle driven\nalong a periodic potential imposed by laser traps, we test the recent\ntheoretical generalization of the Einstein relation to the non-equilibrium\nregime which involves an integral over measurable velocity correlation\nfunctions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Model of subdiffusion--absorption process in a membrane system\n  consisting of two different media: We consider the subdiffusion--absorption process in a system which consists\nof two different media separated by a thin membrane. The process is described\nby subdiffusion--absorption equations with fractional Riemann--Liouville time\nderivative. We present the method of deriving the probabilities (the Green's\nfunctions) described particle's random walk in the system. Within the method we\nfirstly consider the random walk of a particle in a system with both discrete\ntime and space variables, and then we pass from discrete to continuous\nvariables by means of the procedure presented in this paper. Using the Green's\nfunctions we derive boundary conditions at the membrane.",
        "positive": "Reentrant condensation transition in a model of driven scalar active\n  matter with diffusivity edge: The effect of a diffusivity edge is studied in a system of scalar active\nmatter confined by a periodic potential and driven by an externally applied\nforce. We find that this system shows qualitatively distinct stationary regimes\ndepending on the amplitude of the driving force with respect to the potential\nbarrier. For small driving, the diffusivity edge induces a transition to a\ncondensed phase analogous to the Bose-Einstein-like condensation reported for\nthe nondriven case, which is characterized by a density-independent steady\nstate current. Conversely, large external forces lead to a qualitatively\ndifferent phase diagram since in this case condensation is only possible beyond\na given density threshold, while the associated transition at higher densities\nis found to be reentrant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-consistent harmonic approximation with non-local couplings: We derive the self-consistent harmonic approximation for the $2D$ XY model\nwith non-local interactions. The resulting equation for the variational\ncouplings holds for any form of the spin-spin coupling as well as for any\ndimension. Our analysis is then specialized to power-law couplings decaying\nwith the distance $r$ as $\\propto 1/r^{2+\\sigma}$ in order to investigate the\nrobustness, at finite $\\sigma$, of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT)\ntransition, which occurs in the short-range limit $\\sigma \\to \\infty$. We\npropose an ansatz for the functional form of the variational couplings and show\nthat for any $\\sigma>2$ the BKT mechanism occurs. The present investigation\nprovides an upper bound for the lower critical threshold $\\sigma^\\ast=2$, above\nwhich the traditional BKT transition persists in spite of the LR couplings.",
        "positive": "Generalized optimal protocols of Brownian motion in a parabolic potentia: The generalized Langevin equation with an exponential kernel is used to\nanalyze memory effects on the optimal work done by a Brownian particle in a\nheat bath and subjected to a harmonic moving potential. The generalized\noverdamping scenario is also investigated. Several facts emerge in these more\nprecise descriptions using the same initial conditions of the Markovian which\nlead the particle to do mechanical work against the field. Compared with the\nresults obtained with the latter, the memory fades the discontinuities observed\nin the highly underdamped regime, which suggests that this trait is a\nconsequence of the Markov approximation as well as the dependence of the\ndifferent dynamical susceptibilities with the external field. Unlike the\noverdamped Markovian, work is done by the external field in the analog\ngeneralized counterpart. A detailed calculation of the rate of entropy\nproduction gives negative values. It is mathematically correct because the\ndynamics deal with a reduced description of the degrees of freedom of the bath.\nThe theory then requires improving the treatment of them to restore the second\nlaw and thus to get the results with the required thermodynamics consistency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hamiltonian Brownian motion in Gaussian thermally fluctuating potential.\n  I. Exact Langevin equations, invalidity of Marcovian approximation, common\n  bottleneck of dynamic noise theories, and diffusivity/mobility 1/f noise: Dynamical random walk of classical particle in thermodynamically equilibrium\nfluctuating medium, - Gaussian random potential field, - is considered in the\nframework of explicit stochastic representation of deterministic interactions.\nWe discuss corresponding formally exact Langevin equations for the particle's\ntrajectory and show that Marcovian kinetic equation approximation to them is\ninadequate, - even (and especially) in case of spatially-temporally\nshort-correlated field, - since ignores such actual effects of exponential\ninstability of the trajectory (in respect to small perturbations) as scaleless\nlow-frequency diffusivity/mobility fluctuations (and other excess degrees of\nrandomness) reflected by third-, fourth- and higher-order long-range\nirreducible statistical correlations. We try to catch the latter, - squeezing\nthrough typical theoretical narrow bottleneck, - with the help of an exact\nrelationship between the instability and diffusivity statistical\ncharacteristics, along with standard analytical d approximations. The result is\nquasi-static diffusivity fluctuations which generally are comparable with mean\nvalue of diffusivity and disappear in the limit of infinitely large medium's\ncorrelation length or infinitely small correlation time only, in agreement with\nthe previously suggested theorem on fundamental 1/f noise.",
        "positive": "On the Einstein relation in a heated granular gas: Recent computer simulation results [Barrat {\\em et al.}, Physica A 334 (2004)\n513] for granular mixtures subject to stochastic driving have shown the\nvalidity of the Einstein relation $\\epsilon\\equiv D/(T_0\\lambda)=1$ between the\ndiffusion $D$ and mobility $\\lambda$ coefficients when the temperature of the\ngas $T$ is replaced by the temperature of the impurity $T_0$ in the usual\nEinstein relation. This problem is analyzed in this paper by solving\nanalytically the Boltzmann-Lorentz equation from the Chapman-Enskog method. The\ngas is heated by the action of an external driving force (thermostat) which\ndoes work to compensate for the collisional loss of energy. Two types of\nthermostats are considered: (a) a deterministic force proportional to the\nparticle velocity (Gaussian thermostat), and (b) a white noise external force\n(stochastic thermostat). The diffusion and mobility coefficients are given in\nterms of the solutions of two linear integral equations, which are\napproximately solved up to the second order in a Sonine polynomial expansion.\nThe results show that the violation of the Einstein relation ($\\epsilon\\neq 1$)\nis only due to the non-Maxwellian behavior of the impurity velocity\ndistribution function (absence of the Gibbs state). At a quantitative level,\nthe kinetic theory results also show that the deviation of $\\epsilon$ from 1 is\nmore significant in the case of the Gaussian thermostat than in the case of the\nstochastic one, in which case the deviation of the Einstein relation is in\ngeneral smaller than 1%. This conclusion agrees quite well with the results\nfound in computer simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An Efficient Simulation Protocol for Determining the Density of States:\n  Combination of Replica-Exchange Wang-Landau Method and Multicanonical\n  Replica-Exchange Method: By combining two generalized-ensemble algorithms, Replica-Exchange\nWang-Landau (REWL) method and Multicanonical Replica-Exchange Method (MUCAREM),\nwe propose an effective simulation protocol to determine the density of states\nwith high accuracy. The new protocol is referred to as REWL-MUCAREM, and REWL\nis first performed and then MUCAREM is performed next. In order to verify the\neffectiveness of our protocol, we performed simulations of a square-lattice\nIsing model by the three methods, namely, REWL, MUCAREM, and REWL-MUCAREM. The\nresults showed that the density of states obtained by the REWL-MUCAREM is more\naccurate than that is estimated by the two methods separately.",
        "positive": "Analysis of a three-component model phase diagram by Catastrophe Theory:\n  Potentials with two Order Parameters: In this work we classify the singularities obtained from the Gibbs potential\nof a lattice gas model with three components, two order parameters and five\ncontrol parameters applying the general theorems provided by Catastrophe\nTheory. In particular, we clearly establish the existence of Landau potentials\nin two variables or, in other words, corank 2 canonical forms that are\nassociated to the hyperbolic umbilic, D_{+4}, its dual the elliptic umbilic,\nD_{-4}, and the parabolic umbilic, D_5, catastrophes. The transversality of the\npotential with two order parameters is explicitely shown for each case. Thus we\ncomplete the Catastrophe Theory analysis of the three-component lattice model,\ninitiated in a previous paper."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Onsager and Kaufman's calculation of the spontaneous magnetization of\n  the Ising model: II: In 2011 I reviewed the calculation by Onsager and Kaufman of the spontaneous\nmagnetization of the square-lattice Ising model, which Onsager announced in\n1949 but never published. I have recently been alerted to further original\npapers that bear on the subject. It is quite clear that the draft paper on\nwhich I relied was indeed written by Onsager, who was working on the problem\nwith Kaufman, and that they had two derivations of the result.",
        "positive": "On the number of attractors in random Boolean networks: The evaluation of the number of attractors in Kauffman networks by Samuelsson\nand Troein is generalized to critical networks with one input per node and to\nnetworks with two inputs per node and different probability distributions for\nupdate functions. A connection is made between the terms occurring in the\ncalculation and between the more graphic concepts of frozen, nonfrozen and\nrelevant nodes, and relevant components. Based on this understanding, a\nphenomenological argument is given that reproduces the dependence of the\nattractor numbers on system size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster Monte Carlo study of multi-component fluids of the\n  Stillinger-Helfand and Widom-Rowlinson type: Phase transitions of fluid mixtures of the type introduced by Stillinger and\nHelfand are studied using a continuum version of the invaded cluster algorithm.\nParticles of the same species do not interact, but particles of different types\ninteract with each other via a repulsive potential. Examples of interactions\ninclude the Gaussian molecule potential and a repulsive step potential.\nAccurate values of the critical density, fugacity and magnetic exponent are\nfound in two and three dimensions for the two-species model. The effect of\nvarying the number of species and of introducing quenched impurities is also\ninvestigated. In all the cases studied, mixtures of $q$-species are found to\nhave properties similar to $q$-state Potts models.",
        "positive": "Evolutionary Computer Simulations: Computer modelling for evolutionary systems consists in: 1) to store in the\nmemory the individual features of each member of a large population; and 2) to\nupdate the whole system repeatedly, as time goes by, according to some\nprescribed rules (reproduction, death, ageing, etc) where some degree of\nrandomness is included through pseudo-random number sequences. Compared to\ndirect observation of Nature, this approach presents two distinguishing\nfeatures. First, one can follow the characteristics of the system in real time,\ninstead of only observing the current, static situation which is a long-term\nconsequence of a remote past completely unknown except for some available\nfossil snapshots. In particular, one can repeat the whole dynamical process,\nstarting from the same initial population, using the same randomness, changing\nonly some minor contingency during the process, in order to study its long-term\nconsequences. Second, evolution necessarily follows a critical dynamics with\nlong-term memory characteristics, equivalent to the long-range correlations\nresponsible for the well known universality properties of static critical\nphenomena. Accordingly, some strong simplifications can be applied, allowing\none to obtain many characteristics of real populations from toy models easily\nimplementable on the computer."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The subdiffusive target problem: Survival probability: The asymptotic survival probability of a spherical target in the presence of\na single subdiffusive trap or surrounded by a sea of subdiffusive traps in a\ncontinuous Euclidean medium is calculated. In one and two dimensions the\nsurvival probability of the target in the presence of a single trap decays to\nzero as a power law and as a power law with logarithmic correction,\nrespectively. The target is thus reached with certainty, but it takes the trap\nan infinite time on average to do so. In three dimensions a single trap may\nnever reach the target and so the survival probability is finite and, in fact,\ndoes not depend on whether the traps move diffusively or subdiffusively. When\nthe target is surrounded by a sea of traps, on the other hand, its survival\nprobability decays as a stretched exponential in all dimensions (with a\nlogarithmic correction in the exponent for $d=2$). A trap will therefore reach\nthe target with certainty, and will do so in a finite time. These results may\nbe directly related to enzyme binding kinetics on DNA in the crowded cellular\nenvironment.",
        "positive": "Diffusion in sparse networks: linear to semi-linear crossover: We consider random networks whose dynamics is described by a rate equation,\nwith transition rates $w_{nm}$ that form a symmetric matrix. The long time\nevolution of the system is characterized by a diffusion coefficient $D$. In one\ndimension it is well known that $D$ can display an abrupt percolation-like\ntransition from diffusion ($D>0$) to sub-diffusion (D=0). A question arises\nwhether such a transition happens in higher dimensions. Numerically $D$ can be\nevaluated using a resistor network calculation, or optionally it can be deduced\nfrom the spectral properties of the system. Contrary to a recent expectation\nthat is based on a renormalization-group analysis, we deduce that $D$ is\nfinite; suggest an \"effective-range-hopping\" procedure to evaluate it; and\ncontrast the results with the linear estimate. The same approach is useful for\nthe analysis of networks that are described by quasi-one-dimensional sparse\nbanded matrices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on: ``Nonextensivity: from low-dimensional maps to Hamiltonian\n  systems'' by Tsallis et al: The critique against using Boltzmann's microcanonical entropy, an \"ensemble\nmeasure\", as foundation of statistics is rebuffed. The confusion of the\nmicrocanonical distribution with the exponential Boltzmann-Gibbs (``BG'')\ndistribution is pointed out. Boltzmann's principle is clearly superior over any\nTsallis q-statistics in describing the equilibrium of small systems like nuclei\nand even self-gravitating systems as paradigm of non-extensive Hamiltonian\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Cumulant expansion method in the density matrix approach to wave packet\n  dynamics in molecular systems: A non-Markovian master equation for a molecule interacting with a heat bath\nis obtained using the cumulant expansion method. The equation is applied to the\nproblem of molecular wave packet relaxtional dynamics. An exact solution is\nderived that demonstrates classical type of squeezing for the wave packet\nevolution and a heat-bath dependent frequency shift."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal fluctuations of magnetic nanoparticles: The reversal time (superparamagnetic relaxation time) of the magnetization of\nfine single domain ferromagnetic nanoparticles owing to thermal fluctuations\nplays a fundamental role in information storage, paleomagnetism, biotechnology,\netc. Here a comprehensive tutorial-style review of the achievements of fifty\nyears of development and generalizations of the seminal work of Brown [W.F.\nBrown, Jr., Phys. Rev., 130, 1677 (1963)] on thermal fluctuations of magnetic\nnanoparticles is presented. Analytical as well as numerical approaches to the\nestimation of the damping and temperature dependence of the reversal time based\non Brown's Fokker-Planck equation for the evolution of the magnetic moment\norientations on the surface of the unit sphere are critically discussed while\nthe most promising directions for future research are emphasized.",
        "positive": "Crossover from $\u03b2$- to $\u03b1$-relaxation in cooperative\n  facilitation dynamics: $\\beta$ and $\\alpha$ relaxation processes are dynamical scaling regimes of\nglassy systems occurring on two separate time scales which both diverge as the\nglass state is approached. We study here the crossover scaling from $\\beta$- to\n$\\alpha$- relaxation in the cooperative facilitation scenario (CFS) and show\nthat it is quantitatively described, with no adjustable parameter, by the\nleading order asymptotic formulas for scaling predicted by the mode-coupling\ntheory (MCT). These results establish: (i) the mutual universality of the MCT\nand CFS, and (ii) the existence of a purely dynamic realization of MCT which is\ndistinct from the well established random-first order transition scenario for\ndisordered systems. Some implications of the emerging kinetic-static duality\nare discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Euclidean travelling salesman problem: Frequency distribution of\n  neighbours for small-size systems: We have studied numerically the frequency distribution $\\rho (n)$ of the n-th\nneighbour along the optimal tour in the Euclidean travelling salesman problem\nfor N cities, in dimensions d=2 and d=3. We find there is no significant\ndependence of $\\rho (n)$ on either the number of cities N or the dimension d.",
        "positive": "$XY$ model with higher-order exchange: An $XY$ model, generalized by inclusion of up to an infinite number of\nhigher-order pairwise interactions with an exponentially decreasing strength,\nis studied by spin-wave theory and Monte Carlo simulations. At low temperatures\nthe model displays a quasi-long-range order phase characterized by an\nalgebraically decaying correlation function with the exponent $\\eta = T/[2 \\pi\nJ(p,\\alpha)]$, nonlinearly dependent on the parameters $p$ and $\\alpha$ that\ncontrol the number of the higher-order terms and and the decay rate of their\nintensity, respectively. At higher temperatures the system shows a crossover\nfrom the continuous Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless to the first-order\ntransition for the parameter values corresponding to a highly nonlinear shape\nof the potential well. The role of of topological excitations (vortices) in\nchanging the nature of the transition is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior in the cubic dimer model at nonzero monomer density: We study critical behavior in the classical cubic dimer model (CDM) in the\npresence of a finite density of monomers. With attractive interactions between\nparallel dimers, the monomer-free CDM exhibits an unconventional transition\nfrom a Coulomb phase to a dimer crystal. Monomers acts as charges (or\nmonopoles) in the Coulomb phase and, at nonzero density, lead to a standard\nLandau-type transition. We use large-scale Monte Carlo simulations to study the\nsystem in the neighborhood of the critical point, and find results in agreement\nwith detailed predictions of scaling theory. Going beyond previous studies of\nthe transition in the absence of monomers, we explicitly confirm the\ndistinction between conventional and unconventional criticality, and\nquantitatively demonstrate the crossover between the two. Our results also\nprovide additional evidence for the theoretical claim that the transition in\nthe CDM belongs in the same universality class as the deconfined quantum\ncritical point in the SU(2) JQ model.",
        "positive": "Correlation functions by Cluster Variation Method for Ising model with\n  NN, NNN and Plaquette interactions: We consider the procedure for calculating the pair correlation function in\nthe context of the Cluster Variation Methods. As specific cases, we study the\npair correlation function in the paramagnetic phase of the Ising model with\nnearest neighbors, next to the nearest neighbors and plaquette interactions in\ntwo and three dimensions. In presence of competing interactions, the so called\ndisorder line separates in the paramagnetic phase a region where the\ncorrelation function has the usual exponential behavior from a region where the\ncorrelation has an oscillating exponentially damped behavior. In two\ndimensions, using the plaquette as the maximal cluster of the CVM\napproximation, we calculate the phase diagram and the disorder line for a case\nwhere a comparison is possible with results known in literature for the\neight-vertex model. In three dimensions, in the CVM cube approximation, we\ncalculate the phase diagram and the disorder line in some cases of particular\ninterest. The relevance of our results for experimental systems like mixtures\nof oil, water and surfactant is also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modulating heat conduction by stretching or compressing: Recent studies have revealed that the symmetry of interparticle potential\nplays an important role in one-dimensional heat conduction problem. Here we\ndemonstrate that by stretching or compressing the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-\\b{eta}\nlattice, one can control the symmetry of the potential, and thus manipulate the\ndecaying behavior of the heat current autocorrelation function (HCAF). In fact,\nstretching or compressing induces a fast decaying stage (FDS) during which the\nHCAF decays faster than power-law manners or in a power law manner but faster\nthan ~t -1. The time range as well as the decay amplitude of the HCAF over the\nFDS increase as the stretching or compressing ratio increase, or as the\ntemperature decreases. As a consequence, the thermal conductivity calculated\nfollowing the Green-Kubo formula shows a truncation-time independent window,\nimplying a system-size independent conductivity. Stretching or compressing also\nchanges the exponent of the power-law tail of the HCAF. The complicated heat\nconduction behavior induced by stretching or compressing can be connected to\nthe change of the symmetry of the interparticle potential.",
        "positive": "On the computation of the entropy in the microcanonical ensemble for\n  mean-field-like systems: Two recently proposed expressions for the computation of the entropy in the\nmicrocanonical ensemble are compared, and their equivalence is proved. These\nexpressions are valid for a certain class of statistical mechanics systems,\nthat can be called mean-field-like systems. Among these, this work considers\nonly the systems with the most usual hamiltonian structure, given by a kinetic\nenergy term plus interaction terms depending only on the configurational\ncoordinates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The McCoy-Wu Model in the Mean-field Approximation: We consider a system with randomly layered ferromagnetic bonds (McCoy-Wu\nmodel) and study its critical properties in the frame of mean-field theory. In\nthe low-temperature phase there is an average spontaneous magnetization in the\nsystem, which vanishes as a power law at the critical point with the critical\nexponents $\\beta \\approx 3.6$ and $\\beta_1 \\approx 4.1$ in the bulk and at the\nsurface of the system, respectively. The singularity of the specific heat is\ncharacterized by an exponent $\\alpha \\approx -3.1$. The samples reduced\ncritical temperature $t_c=T_c^{av}-T_c$ has a power law distribution $P(t_c)\n\\sim t_c^{\\omega}$ and we show that the difference between the values of the\ncritical exponents in the pure and in the random system is just $\\omega \\approx\n3.1$. Above the critical temperature the thermodynamic quantities behave\nanalytically, thus the system does not exhibit Griffiths singularities.",
        "positive": "Theory of Entropy Production in Quantum Many-Body Systems: We define the entropy operator as the negative of the logarithm of the\ndensity matrix, give a prescription for extracting its thermodynamically\nmeasurable part, and discuss its dynamics. For an isolated system we derive the\nfirst, second and third laws of thermodynamics. For weakly-coupled subsystems\nof an isolated system, an expression for the long time limit of the expectation\nvalue of the rate of change of the thermodynamically measurable part of the\nentropy operator is derived and interpreted in terms of entropy production and\nentropy transport terms. The interpretation is justified by comparison to the\nknown expression for the entropy production in an aged classical Markovian\nsystem with Gaussian fluctuations and by a calculation of the current-induced\nentropy production in a conductor with electron-phonon scattering."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytical Solution of the Degeneracy Pressure of Two-Dimensional\n  Quantum Gas: The exact equations of state of two-dimensional Bose gas (Equation 14) and\nFermi gas (Equation 24) are derived, to calculate the degeneracy pressure. They\nare consistent with the second law of thermodynamics in the entire phase space.\nUnder relevant conditions, they converge to the conventional equations.",
        "positive": "Love might be a second-order phase transition: The hypothesis of the human brain operation in vicinity of a critical point\nhas been a matter of a hot debate in the recent years. The evidence for a\npossibility of a naturally occurring phase transition across this critical\npoint was missing so far. Here we show that love might be an example of such\nsecond-order phase transition. This hypothesis allows to describe both love at\nfirst sight and love from liking or friendship."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Flow Conductance of a Single Nanohole: The mass flow conductance of single nanoholes with diameter ranging from 75\nto 100 nm was measured using mass spectrometry. For all nanoholes, a smooth\ncrossover is observed between single-particle statistical flow (effusion) and\nthe collective viscous flow emanating from the formation of a continuum. This\ncrossover is shown to occur when the gas mean free path matches the size of the\nnanohole diameter. As a consequence of the pinhole geometry, the breakdown of\nthe Poiseuille approximation is observed in the power-law temperature exponent\nof the measured conductance.",
        "positive": "Pattern selection in a lattice of pulse-coupled oscillators: We study spatio-temporal pattern formation in a ring of N oscillators with\ninhibitory unidirectional pulselike interactions. The attractors of the\ndynamics are limit cycles where each oscillator fires once and only once. Since\nsome of these limit cycles lead to the same pattern, we introduce the concept\nof pattern degeneracy to take it into account. Moreover, we give a qualitative\nestimation of the volume of the basin of attraction of each pattern by means of\nsome probabilistic arguments and pattern degeneracy, and show how are they\nmodified as we change the value of the coupling strength. In the limit of small\ncoupling, our estimative formula gives a perfect agreement with numerical\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Thermodynamics: Inside-Outside Perspective: We introduce an energy-resolved variant of quantum thermodynamics for open\nsystems strongly coupled to their baths. The approach generalizes the\nLandauer-Buttiker inside-outside duality method [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 107701\n(2018)] to interacting systems subjected to arbitrary external driving. It is\nconsistent with the underlying dynamical quantum transport description and is\ncapable of overcoming limitations of the only other consistent approach [New J.\nPhys. 12, 013013 (2010)]. We illustrate viability of the generalized\ninside-outside method with numerical simulations for generic junction models.",
        "positive": "Correlation, crossover and broken scaling in the Abelian Manna Model: The role of correlations in self-organised critical (SOC) phenomena is\ninvestigated by studying the Abelian Manna Model (AMM) in two dimensions. Local\ncorrelations of the debris left behind after avalanches are destroyed by\nre-arranging particles on the lattice between avalanches, without changing the\none-point particle density. It is found that the spatial correlations are not\nrelevant to small avalanches, while changing the scaling of the large\n(system-wide) ones, yielding a crossover in the model's scaling behaviour. This\ncrossover breaks the simple scaling observed in normal SOC."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sampling Time Effects for Persistence and Survival in Step Structural\n  Fluctuations: The effects of sampling rate and total measurement time have been determined\nfor single-point measurements of step fluctuations within the context of\nfirst-passage properties. Time dependent STM has been used to evaluate step\nfluctuations on Ag(111) films grown on mica as a function of temperature\n(300-410 K), on screw dislocations on the facets of Pb crystallites at 320K,\nand on Al-terminated Si(111) over the temperature range 770K - 970K. Although\nthe fundamental time constant for step fluctuations on Ag and Al/Si varies by\norders of magnitude over the temperature ranges of measurement, no dependence\nof the persistence amplitude on temperature is observed. Instead, the\npersistence probability is found to scale directly with t/Dt where Dt is the\ntime interval used for sampling. Survival probabilities show a more complex\nscaling dependence which includes both the sampling interval and the total\nmeasurement time tm. Scaling with t/Dt occurs only when Dt/tm is a constant. We\nshow that this observation is equivalent to theoretical predictions that the\nsurvival probability will scale as Dt/L^z, where L is the effective length of a\nstep. This implies that the survival probability for large systems, when\nmeasured with fixed values of tm or Dt should also show little or no\ntemperature dependence.",
        "positive": "Entangled multiplets and unusual spreading of quantum correlations in a\n  continuously monitored tight-binding chain: We analyze the dynamics of entanglement in a paradigmatic noninteracting\nsystem subject to continuous monitoring of the local excitation densities.\nRecently, it was conjectured that the evolution of quantum correlations in such\nsystem is described by a semi-classical theory, based on entangled pairs of\nballistically propagating quasiparticles and inspired by the hydrodynamic\napproach to unitary (integrable) quantum systems. Here, however, we show that\nthis conjecture does not fully capture the complex behavior of quantum\ncorrelations emerging from the interplay between coherent dynamics and\ncontinuous monitoring. We unveil the existence of multipartite quantum\ncorrelations which are inconsistent with an entangled-pair structure and which,\nwithin a quasiparticle picture, would require the presence of larger\nmultiplets. We also observe that quantum information is highly delocalized, as\nit is shared in a collective {\\it nonredundant} way among adjacent regions of\nthe many-body system. Our results shed new light onto the behavior of\ncorrelations in quantum stochastic dynamics and further show that these may be\nenhanced by a (weak) continuous monitoring process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chiral transitions in three-dimensional magnets and higher order\n  \u03b5-expansion: The critical behaviour of helimagnets and stacked triangular antiferromagnets\nis analyzed in (4 - \\epsilon) dimensions within three-loop approximation.\nNumerical estimates for marginal values of the order parameter dimensionality N\nobtained by resummation of corresponding \\epsilon-expansions rule out the\npossibility of continuous chiral transitions in magnets with Heisenberg or\nplanar spins.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic relations at the coupling boundary in adaptive resolution\n  simulations for open systems: The adaptive resolution simulation (AdResS) technique couples regions with\ndifferent molecular resolutions and allows the exchange of molecules between\ndifferent regions in an adaptive fashion. The latest development of the\ntechnique allows to abruptly couple the atomistically resolved region with a\nregion of non-interacting point-like particles. The abrupt set-up was derived\nhaving in mind the idea of the atomistically resolved region as an open system\nembedded in a large reservoir at a given macroscopic state. In this work,\nstarting from the idea of open system, we derive thermodynamic relations for\nAdResS which justify conceptually and numerically the claim of AdResS as a\ntechnique for simulating open systems. In particular, we derive the relation\nbetween the chemical potential of the AdResS set-up and that of its reference\nfully atomistic simulation. The implication of this result is that the grand\npotential of AdResS can be explicitly written and thus, from a statistical\nmechanics point of view, the atomistically resolved region of AdResS can be\nidentified with a well defined open system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The role of non-conservative scattering forces and damping on Brownian\n  particles in optical traps: We consider a model of a particle trapped in a harmonic optical trap but with\nthe addition of a non-conservative radiation induced force. This model is known\nto correctly describe experimentally observed trapped particle statistics for a\nwide range of physical parameters such as temperature and pressure. We\ntheoretically analyse the effect of non-conservative force on the underlying\nsteady state distribution as well as the power spectrum for the particle\nposition. We compute perturbatively the probability distribution of the\nresulting non-equilibrium steady states for all dynamical regimes, underdamped\nthrough to overdamped and give expressions for the associated currents in phase\nspace (position and velocity). We also give the spectral density of the trapped\nparticle's position in all dynamical regimes and for any value of the\nnon-conservative force. Signatures of the presence non-conservative forces are\nshown to be particularly strong for in the underdamped regime at low\nfrequencies.",
        "positive": "A Model for the Lambda Transition of Helium 4: Guided by the analogy to the Bose-Einstein condensation of the ideal Bose gas\n(IBG) we propose a new model for the lambda transition of liquid helium.\nDeviating from the IBG our model uses phase ordered and localized\nsingle-particle functions. This means that finite groups of particles are\nassumed to be phase-locked. These phase correlations can be related to the\nsingularity at the transition point and to the occurrence of the superfluid\ndensity.\n  The model leads to the following results: 1. A possible explanation of the\nlogarithmic singularity of the specific heat. 2. A characteristic functional\nform for the superfluid density which yields excellent fits to the experimental\ndata. 3. A quantitative prediction of a small but nonzero entropy content of\nthe superfluid component."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of the Bose-System with a Small Number of Particles: A theoretical description of the interacting Bose-system is proposed. It is\nbased on the extrapolation of the results obtained for the systems with a small\nnumber of particles N=2, 3, 4, etc. to the bulk case of N=\\infty. It is shown\nthat already the system with N=12, 13 behaves almost as a bulk in a wide\ntemperature range. Special attention is paid to the phase transition in these\nsystems. The hard sphere potential is used in calculations. The sequence of\nheat capacity maxima is approximated as C^{max}_N/N\\simeq13.6-aN^{-\\epsilon}\nwith \\epsilon=0.0608 giving the value of bulk heat capacity as 13.6 while\nexperimental value is close to 16. The temperature of \\lambda-transition is\nestimated as 2.1-2.3 K versus experimental 2.17 K. Quite good qualitative and\nsatisfactory quantitative agreement with the experimental data has been\nachieved.",
        "positive": "Relevance of soft modes for order parameter fluctuations in the\n  Two-Dimensional XY model: We analyse the spin wave approximation for the 2D-XY model, directly in\nreciprocal space. In this limit the model is diagonal and the normal modes are\nstatistically independent. Despite this simplicity non-trivial critical\nproperties are observed and exploited. We confirm that the observed asymmetry\nfor the probability density function for order parameter fluctuations comes\nfrom the divergence of the mode amplitudes across the Brillouin zone. We show\nthat the asymmetry is a many body effect despite the importance played by the\nzone centre. The precise form of the function is dependent on the details of\nthe Gibbs measure, giving weight to the idea that an effective Gibbs measure\nshould exist in non-equilibrium systems, if a similar distribution is observed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The zero-dimensional O(N) vector model as a benchmark for perturbation\n  theory, the large-N expansion and the functional renormalization group: We consider the zero-dimensional O(N) vector model as a simple example to\ncalculate n-point correlation functions using perturbation theory, the large-N\nexpansion, and the functional renormalization group (FRG). Comparing our\nfindings with exact results, we show that perturbation theory breaks down for\nmoderate interactions for all N, as one should expect. While the\ninteraction-induced shift of the free energy and the self-energy are well\ndescribed by the large-N expansion even for small N, this is not the case for\nhigher-order correlation functions. However, using the FRG in its one-particle\nirreducible formalism, we see that very few running couplings suffice to get\naccurate results for arbitrary N in the strong coupling regime, outperforming\nthe large-N expansion for small N. We further remark on how the derivative\nexpansion, a well-known approximation strategy for the FRG, reduces to an exact\nmethod for the zero-dimensional O(N) vector model.",
        "positive": "Single electron transistor strongly coupled to vibrations: Counting\n  Statistics and Fluctuation Theorem: Using a simple quantum master equation approach, we calculate the Full\nCounting Statistics of a single electron transistor strongly coupled to\nvibrations. The Full Counting Statistics contains both the statistics of\nintegrated particle and energy currents associated to the transferred electrons\nand phonons. A universal as well as an effective fluctuation theorem are\nderived for the general case where the various reservoir temperatures and\nchemical potentials are different. The first relates to the entropy production\ngenerated in the junction while the second reveals internal information of the\nsystem. The model recovers Franck-Condon blockade and potential applications to\nnon-invasive molecular spectroscopy are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Semantic information, autonomous agency, and nonequilibrium statistical\n  physics: Shannon information theory provides various measures of so-called \"syntactic\ninformation\", which reflect the amount of statistical correlation between\nsystems. In contrast, the concept of \"semantic information\" refers to those\ncorrelations which carry significance or \"meaning\" for a given system. Semantic\ninformation plays an important role in many fields, including biology,\ncognitive science, and philosophy, and there has been a long-standing interest\nin formulating a broadly applicable and formal theory of semantic information.\nIn this paper we introduce such a theory. We define semantic information as the\nsyntactic information that a physical system has about its environment which is\ncausally necessary for the system to maintain its own existence. \"Causal\nnecessity\" is defined in terms of counter-factual interventions which scramble\ncorrelations between the system and its environment, while \"maintaining\nexistence\" is defined in terms of the system's ability to keep itself in a low\nentropy state. We also use recent results in nonequilibrium statistical physics\nto analyze semantic information from a thermodynamic point of view. Our\nframework is grounded in the intrinsic dynamics of a system coupled to an\nenvironment, and is applicable to any physical system, living or otherwise. It\nleads to formal definitions of several concepts that have been intuitively\nunderstood to be related to semantic information, including \"value of\ninformation\", \"semantic content\", and \"agency\".",
        "positive": "Breakdown of the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem for fast superdiffusion: We study anomalous diffusion for one-dimensional systems described by a\ngeneralized Langevin equation. We show that superdiffusion can be classified in\nslow superdiffusion and fast superdiffusion. For fast superdiffusion we prove\nthat the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem does not hold. We show as well that\nthe asymptotic behavior of the response function is a stretched exponential for\nanomalous diffusion and an exponential only for normal diffusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Triangle Distribution and Equation of State for Classical Rigid Disks: The triangle distribution function f^(3) for three mutual nearest neighbors\nin the plane describes basic aspects of short-range order and statistical\nthermodynamics in two-dimensional many-particle systems. This paper examines\nprospects for constructing a self-consistent calculation for the rigid-disk\nsystem f^(3). We present several identities obeyed by f^(3). A rudimentary\nclosure suggested by scaled-particle theory is introduced. In conjunction with\nthree of the basic identities, this closure leads to a unique f^(3) over the\nentire density range. The pressure equation of state exhibits qualitatively\ncorrect behavior in both the low density and the close-packed limits, but no\nintervening phase transition appears. We discuss extensions to improved disk\nclosures, and to the three-dimensional rigid sphere system.",
        "positive": "Statistical properties of eigenstate amplitudes in complex quantum\n  systems: We study the eigenstates of quantum systems with large Hilbert spaces, via\ntheir distribution of wavefunction amplitudes in a real-space basis. For\nsingle-particle 'quantum billiards', these real-space amplitudes are known to\nhave Gaussian distribution for chaotic systems. In this work, we formulate and\naddress the corresponding question for many-body lattice quantum systems. For\nintegrable many-body systems, we examine the deviation from Gaussianity and\nprovide evidence that the distribution generically tends toward power-law\nbehavior in the limit of large sizes. We relate the deviation from Gaussianity\nto the entanglement content of many-body eigenstates. For integrable billiards,\nwe find several cases where the distribution has power-law tails."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stability of Matter in Magnetic Fields: The proof of the stability of matter is three decades old, but the question\nof stability when arbitrarily large magnetic fields are taken into account was\nsettled only recently. Even more recent is the solution to the question of the\nstability of relativistic matter when the electron motion is governed by the\nDirac operator (together with Dirac's prescription of filling the ``negative\nenergy sea\"). When magnetic fields are included the question arises whether it\nis better to fill the negative energy sea of the free Dirac operator or of the\nDirac operator with magnetic field. The answer is found to be that the former\nprescription is unstable while the latter is stable. This paper is a brief,\nnontechnical summary of recent work with M. Loss, J.P. Solovej and H.\nSiedentop.",
        "positive": "Bond diluted anisotropic quantum Heisenberg model: Effects of the bond dilution on the critical temperatures, phase diagrams and\nthe magnetization behaviors of the isotropic and anisotropic quantum Heisenberg\nmodel have been investigated in detail. For the isotropic case, bond\npercolation threshold values have been determined for several numbers of two\n(2D) and three (3D) dimensional lattices. In order to investigate the effect of\nthe anisotropy in the exchange interaction on the results obtained for the\nisotropic model, a detailed investigation has been made on a honeycomb lattice.\nSome interesting results, such as second order reentrant phenomena in the phase\ndiagrams have been found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Approach to Hyperuniformity of Steady States of Facilitated Exchange\n  Processes: We consider the fluctuations in the number of particles in a box of size L^d\nin Z^d, d>=1, in the (infinite volume) translation invariant stationary states\nof the facilitated exclusion process, also called the conserved lattice gas\nmodel. When started in a Bernoulli (product) measure at density rho, these\nsystems approach, as t goes to infinity, a \"frozen\" state for rho<=rho_c, with\nrho_c=1/2 for d=1 and rho_c<1/2 for d>=2. At rho=rho_c the limiting state is\nhyperuniform, that is, the variance of the number of particles in the box grows\nslower than L^d. We give a general description of how the variances at\ndifferent scales of L behave as rho increases to rho_c. On the largest scale,\nL>>L_2, the fluctuations are normal (in fact the same as in the original\nproduct measure), while in a region L_1<<L<<L_2, with both L_1 and L_2 going to\ninfinity as rho increases to rho_c, the variance grows faster than normal. For\n1<<L<<L_1 the variance is the same as in the hyperuniform system. (All results\ndiscussed are rigorous for d=1 and based on simulations for d>=2.)",
        "positive": "Gravitational dynamics of an infinite shuffled lattice: early time\n  evolution and universality of non-linear correlations: In two recent articles a detailed study has been presented of the out of\nequilibrium dynamics of an infinite system of self-gravitating points initially\nlocated on a randomly perturbed lattice. In this article we extend the\ntreatment of the early time phase during which strong non-linear correlations\nfirst develop, prior to the onset of ``self-similar'' scaling in the two point\ncorrelation function. We establish more directly, using appropriate\nmodifications of the numerical integration, that the development of these\ncorrelations can be well described by an approximation of the evolution in two\nphases: a first perturbative phase in which particles' displacements are small\ncompared to the lattice spacing, and a subsequent phase in which particles\ninteract only with their nearest neighbor. For the range of initial amplitudes\nconsidered we show that the first phase can be well approximated as a\ntransformation of the perturbed lattice configuration into a Poisson\ndistribution at the relevant scales. This appears to explain the\n``universality'' of the spatial dependence of the asymptotic non-linear\nclustering observed from both shuffled lattice and Poisson initial conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise Induced Complexity: From Subthreshold Oscillations to Spiking in\n  Coupled Excitable Systems: We study stochastic dynamics of an ensemble of N globally coupled excitable\nelements. Each element is modeled by a FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillator and is\ndisturbed by independent Gaussian noise. In simulations of the Langevin\ndynamics we characterize the collective behavior of the ensemble in terms of\nits mean field and show that with the increase of noise the mean field displays\na transition from a steady equilibrium to global oscillations and then, for\nsufficiently large noise, back to another equilibrium. Diverse regimes of\ncollective dynamics ranging from periodic subthreshold oscillations to\nlarge-amplitude oscillations and chaos are observed in the course of this\ntransition. In order to understand details and mechanisms of noise-induced\ndynamics we consider a thermodynamic limit $N\\to\\infty$ of the ensemble, and\nderive the cumulant expansion describing temporal evolution of the mean field\nfluctuations. In the Gaussian approximation this allows us to perform the\nbifurcation analysis; its results are in good agreement with dynamical\nscenarios observed in the stochastic simulations of large ensembles.",
        "positive": "The nonequilibrium discrete nonlinear Schroedinger equation: We study nonequilibrium steady states of the one-dimensional discrete\nnonlinear Schroedinger equation. This system can be regarded as a minimal model\nfor stationary transport of bosonic particles like photons in layered media or\ncold atoms in deep optical traps. Due to the presence of two conserved\nquantities, energy and norm (or number of particles), the model displays\ncoupled transport in the sense of linear irreversible thermodynamics. Monte\nCarlo thermostats are implemented to impose a given temperature and chemical\npotential at the chain ends. As a result, we find that the Onsager coefficients\nare finite in the thermodynamic limit, i.e. transport is normal. Depending on\nthe position in the parameter space, the \"Seebeck coefficient\" may be either\npositive or negative. For large differences between the thermostat parameters,\ndensity and temperature profiles may display an unusual nonmonotonic shape.\nThis is due to the strong dependence of the Onsager coefficients on the state\nvariables."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Studying Rare Events using Forward-Flux Sampling: Recent Breakthroughs\n  and Future Outlook: Rare events are processes that occur upon the emergence of unlikely\nfluctuations. Unlike what their name suggests, rare events are fairly\nubiquitous in nature, as the occurrence of many structural transformations in\nbiology and material sciences is predicated upon crossing large free energy\nbarriers. Probing the kinetics and uncovering the molecular mechanisms of\npossible barrier crossings in a system is critical to predicting and\ncontrolling its structural and functional properties. Due to their activated\nnature, however, rare events are exceptionally difficult to study using\nconventional experimental and computational techniques. In recent decades, a\nwide variety of specialized computational techniques-- known as advanced\nsampling techniques-- have been developed to systematically capture improbable\nfluctuations relevant to rare events. In this perspective, we focus on a\ntechnique called forward flux sampling (Allen~\\emph{et al.,}~\\emph{J. Chem.\nPhys.}, {\\bf 124}: 024102, 2006), and overview its recent methodological\nvariants and extensions. We also provide a detailed overview of its application\nto study a wide variety of rare events, and map out potential avenues for\nfurther explorations.",
        "positive": "Analysis of a continuous field theory in two dimensions with use of the\n  Density Matrix Renormalization Group: A formulation of the Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson version of the partition function\nof a system with a continuously varying order parameter as a transfer matrix\ncalculation allows for the application of methods based on the Density Matrix\nRenormalization Group (DMRG) to the calculation of the free energy of the O(1)\nmodel. The essence of both the mapping and the DMRG calculation is laid out,\nalong with results that validate this strategy. This method forms the basis of\na unified approach to the crossover from three to two dimensions in an O(1)\nsystem with a slab-like geometry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous thermal relaxation of Langevin particles in a\n  piecewise-constant potential: We consider the thermal relaxation of a particle in a piecewise-constant\npotential landscape subject to thermal fluctuations in the overdamped limit. We\nstudy the connection between the occurrence of the Mpemba effect, the presence\nof metastable states, and phase transitions as a function of the potential. We\nfind that the Mpemba effect exists even in cases without metastable states. In\nthe considered physical system, the borders of the areas where the effect\nhappens correspond to either eigenvector changes of direction or to phase\ntransitions. Finally, we discuss the topological aspects of the strong Mpemba\neffect and propose using topology to search for the Mpemba effect in a physical\nsystem.",
        "positive": "Repulsive shield between polar molecules: We propose and analyze a technique that allows to suppress inelastic\ncollisions and simultaneously enhance elastic interactions between cold polar\nmolecules. The main idea is to cancel the leading dipole-dipole interaction\nwith a suitable combination of static electric and microwave fields in such a\nway that the remaining van-der-Waals-type potential forms a three-dimensional\nrepulsive shield. We analyze the elastic and inelastic scattering cross\nsections relevant for evaporative cooling of polar molecules and discuss the\nprospect for the creation of crystalline structures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Inertial Rotational Brownian Motion of Arbitrarily Shaped\n  Particles: This article reports the modeling of inertial rotational Brownian motion as\nan Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process evolving on the cotangent bundle of the rotation\ngroup, SO(3). The benefit of this approach and the use of a different\nparameterization of rotations allows the handling of particles with arbitrary\nshapes, without requiring any simplifying assumptions on the shape or the\nstructure of the viscosity tensors. The resultant Fokker-Planck equation for\nthe joint orientation and angular momentum probability distribution can be\nsolved approximately using an `ansatz' Gaussian distribution in exponential\ncoordinates.",
        "positive": "Quasi-equilibrium nonadditivity: The possibility that a short-range interacting system exhibits nonadditivity\nis investigated. After the discussion on the precise definition of additivity\nand its consequence, we show that it is possible when the system is in a\nquasi-equilibrium state by examining the specific model, in which the spin\ndegrees of freedom are coupled to the motional degrees of freedom and which\nexhibits a type of structural phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exactly Solvable Lattice Models with Crossing Symmetry: We show how to compute the exact partition function for lattice\nstatistical-mechanical models whose Boltzmann weights obey a special \"crossing\"\nsymmetry. The crossing symmetry equates partition functions on different\ntrivalent graphs, allowing a transformation to a graph where the partition\nfunction is easily computed. The simplest example is counting the number of\nnets without ends on the honeycomb lattice, including a weight per branching.\nOther examples include an Ising model on the Kagome' lattice with three-spin\ninteractions, dimers on any graph of corner-sharing triangles, and non-crossing\nloops on the honeycomb lattice, where multiple loops on each edge are allowed.\nWe give several methods for obtaining models with this crossing symmetry, one\nutilizing discrete groups and another anyon fusion rules. We also present\nresults indicating that for models which deviate slightly from having crossing\nsymmetry, a real-space decimation (renormalization-group-like) procedure\nrestores the crossing symmetry.",
        "positive": "Interplay between particle trapping and heterogeneity in anomalous\n  diffusion: Heterogeneous media diffusion is often described using position-dependent\ndiffusion coefficients and estimated indirectly through mean squared\ndisplacement in experiments. This approach may overlook other mechanisms and\ntheir interaction with position-dependent diffusion, potentially leading to\nerroneous conclusions. Here, we introduce a hybrid diffusion model that merges\na position-dependent diffusion coefficient with the trapping mechanism of the\ncomb model. We derive exact solutions for position distributions and mean\nsquared displacements, validated through simulations of Langevin equations. Our\nmodel shows that the trapping mechanism attenuates the impact of media\nheterogeneity. Superdiffusion occurs when the position-dependent coefficient\nincreases superlinearly, while subdiffusion occurs for sublinear and inverse\npower-law relations. This nontrivial interplay between heterogeneity and\nstate-independent mechanisms also leads to anomalous yet Brownian and\nnon-Brownian yet Gaussian regimes. These findings emphasize the need for\ncautious interpretations of experiments and highlight the limitations of\nrelying solely on mean squared displacements or position distributions for\ndiffusion characterization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Parameter-Free Differential Evolution Algorithm for the Analytic\n  Continuation of Imaginary Time Correlation Functions: We report on Differential Evolution for Analytic Continuation (DEAC): a\nparameter-free evolutionary algorithm to generate the dynamic structure factor\nfrom imaginary time correlation functions. Our approach to this long-standing\nproblem in quantum many-body physics achieves enhanced spectral fidelity while\nusing fewer compute (CPU) hours. The need for fine-tuning of algorithmic\ncontrol parameters is eliminated by embedding them within the genome to be\noptimized for this evolutionary computation based algorithm. Benchmarks are\npresented for models where the dynamic structure factor is known exactly, and\nexperimentally relevant results are included for quantum Monte Carlo\nsimulations of bulk $^4$He below the superfluid transition temperature.",
        "positive": "Statistical distribution, host for encrypted information: The statistical distribution, when determined from an incomplete set of\nconstraints, is shown to be suitable as host for encrypted information. We\ndesign an encoding/decoding scheme to embed such a distribution with hidden\ninformation. The encryption security is based on the extreme instability of the\nencoding procedure. The essential feature of the proposed system lies in the\nfact that the key for retrieving the code is generated by random perturbations\nof {\\em {very small value}}. The security of the proposed encryption relies on\nthe security to interchange the secret key. Hence, it appears as a good\ncomplement to the quantum key distribution protocol."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimization by Record Dynamics: Large dynamical changes in thermalizing glassy systems are triggered by\ntrajectories crossing record sized barriers, a behavior revealing the presence\nof a hierarchical structure in configuration space. The observation is here\nturned into a novel local search optimization algorithm dubbed Record Dynamics\nOptimization, or RDO. RDO uses the Metropolis rule to accept or reject\ncandidate solutions depending on the value of a parameter akin to the\ntemperature, and minimizes the cost function of the problem at hand through\ncycles where its `temperature' is raised and subsequently decreased in order to\nexpediently generate record high (and low) values of the cost function. Below,\nRDO is introduced and then tested by searching the ground state of the\nEdwards-Anderson spin-glass model, in two and three spatial dimensions. A\npopular and highly efficient optimization algorithm, Parallel Tempering (PT) is\napplied to the same problem as a benchmark. RDO and PT turn out to produce\nsolution of similar quality for similar numerical effort, but RDO is simpler to\nprogram and additionally yields geometrical information on the system's\nconfiguration space which is of interest in many applications. In particular,\nthe effectiveness of RDO strongly indicates the presence of the above mentioned\nhierarchically organized configuration space, with metastable regions indexed\nby the cost (or energy) of the transition states connecting them.",
        "positive": "Growing networks with local rules: preferential attachment, clustering\n  hierarchy and degree correlations: The linear preferential attachment hypothesis has been shown to be quite\nsuccessful to explain the existence of networks with power-law degree\ndistributions. It is then quite important to determine if this mechanism is the\nconsequence of a general principle based on local rules. In this work it is\nclaimed that an effective linear preferential attachment is the natural outcome\nof growing network models based on local rules. It is also shown that the local\nmodels offer an explanation to other properties like the clustering hierarchy\nand degree correlations recently observed in complex networks. These\nconclusions are based on both analytical and numerical results of different\nlocal rules, including some models already proposed in the literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-consistent approach to magnetic ordering and excited site\n  occupation processes in a two-level system: Ferromagnetic ordering in a two-level partially excited system is studied in\ndetail. Magnitudes of magnetization (magnetic order parameter) and lattice\nordering (excited level occupation number) are calculated self-consistently.\nThe influence of an external magnetic field and excited level gap on the\nferromagnetic phase transition is discussed.",
        "positive": "Longest increasing subsequence as expectation of a simple nonlinear\n  stochastic PDE with a low noise intensity: We report some new observation concerning the statistics of Longest\nIncreasing Subsequences (LIS). We show that the expectation of LIS, its\nvariance, and apparently the full distribution function appears in statistical\nanalysis of some simple nonlinear stochastic partial differential equation\n(SPDE) in the limit of very low noise intensity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A sufficient condition for superstatistics in steady state ensembles: In recent years, the theory of superstatistics, which aims to describe\nnon-equilibrium steady state systems, has gained attention due to its different\nreal world applications, highlighting its versatility and concise mathematical\nformulation in terms of a probability density for the inverse temperature\n$\\beta=1/k_{B}T$. When exploring the domain of application of the\nsuperstatistical theory, recent works have shown some necessary conditions for\na superstatistical description of a given steady state, in terms of the\nfundamental and microcanonical inverse temperature. In this work, a new theorem\nthat establishes a sufficient condition for the existence of a superstatistical\ndescription of a particular steady state is presented, using the language of\nmoment-generating functions and connecting them with properties of the\nderivatives of the fundamental inverse temperature.",
        "positive": "Field Theoretic Approach to Long Range Reactions: We analyze bimolecular reactions that proceed by a long-ranged reactive\ninteraction, using a field theoretic approach that takes into account\nfluctuations.\n  We consider both the one-species, $A+A \\to \\emptyset$ reaction and the\ntwo-species, $A+B \\to \\emptyset$ reaction. We consider both mobile and immobile\nreactants, both in the presence and in the absence of adsorption."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phonon number fluctuations in Debye model of solid: The phonon number fluctuations in the Debye model of solid are calculated and\nare demonstrated to be proportional to the temperature cubed at low\ntemperature, similar to the celebrated Debye's law of the heat capacity. For a\nfixed number of atoms, the relative fluctuations approach to infinity as the\ntemperatture decreases to zero, and the proper definition of temperature needs\nmore and more numbers of atoms at lower and lower temperatures, compatible with\nthe third law on the unattainability of absolute zero temperature.",
        "positive": "Clustering and preferential attachment in growing networks: We study empirically the time evolution of scientific collaboration networks\nin physics and biology. In these networks, two scientists are considered\nconnected if they have coauthored one or more papers together. We show that the\nprobability of scientists collaborating increases with the number of other\ncollaborators they have in common, and that the probability of a particular\nscientist acquiring new collaborators increases with the number of his or her\npast collaborators. These results provide experimental evidence in favor of\npreviously conjectured mechanisms for clustering and power-law degree\ndistributions in networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Criticality of O(N) symmetric models in the presence of discrete gauge\n  symmetries: We investigate the critical properties of the three-dimensional (3D)\nantiferromagnetic RP(N-1}) model, which is characterized by a global O(N)\nsymmetry and a discrete Z_2 gauge symmetry. We perform a field-theoretical\nanalysis using the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson (LGW) approach and a numerical Monte\nCarlo study. The LGW field-theoretical results are obtained by high-order\nperturbative analyses of the renormalization-group (RG) flow of the most\ngeneral Phi^4 theory with the same global symmetry as the model, assuming a\ngauge-invariant order-parameter field. For N=4 no stable fixed point is found,\nimplying that any transition must necessarily be of first order. This is\ncontradicted by the numerical results that provide strong evidence for a\ncontinuous transition. This suggests that gauge modes are not always\nirrelevant, as assumed by the LGW approach, but they may play an important role\nto determine the actual critical dynamics at the phase transition of O(N)\nsymmetric models with a discrete Z_2 gauge symmetry.",
        "positive": "Temperature Anisotropy in a Driven Granular Gas: When smooth granular material is fluidized by vertically shaking a container,\nwe find that the temperature in the direction of energy input always exceeds\nthe temperature in the other directions. An analytical model is presented which\nshows how the anisotropy can be traced back to the inelasticity of the\ninterparticle collisions and the collisions with the wall. The model compares\nvery well with molecular dynamics simulations. It is concluded that any\nnon-isotropic driving of a granular gas in a steady state necessarily causes\nanisotropy of the granular temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic limit of the six-vertex model with reflecting end: We study the thermodynamic limit of the six-vertex model with domain wall\nboundary and reflecting end. We evaluated the partition function explicitly in\nspecial cases. We calculated the homogeneous limit of the Tsuchiya determinant\nformula for the partition function. We evaluated the thermodynamic limit and\nobtain the free energy of the six-vertex model with reflecting end. We\ndetermined the free energy in the disordered regime.",
        "positive": "Numerical fluid dynamics for FRG flow equations: Zero-dimensional QFTs\n  as numerical test cases. II. Entropy production and irreversibility of RG\n  flows: We demonstrate that the reformulation of renormalization group (RG) flow\nequations as non-linear heat equations has severe implications on the\nunderstanding of RG flows in general. We demonstrate by explicitly constructing\nan entropy function for a zero-dimensional $\\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric model that\nthe dissipative character of generic non-linear diffusion equations is also\nhard-coded in the functional RG equation. This renders RG flows manifestly\nirreversible, revealing the semi-group property of RG transformations on the\nlevel of the flow equation itself. Additionally, we argue that the dissipative\ncharacter of RG flows, its irreversibility and the entropy production during\nthe RG flow may be linked to the existence of a so-called\n$\\mathcal{C}$-/$\\mathcal{A}$-function. In total, this introduces an asymmetry\nin the so-called RG time -- in complete analogy to the thermodynamic arrow of\ntime -- and allows for an interpretation of infrared actions as equilibrium\nsolutions of dissipative RG flows equations. The impossibility of resolving\nmicrophysics from macrophysics is evident in this framework. Furthermore, we\ndirectly link the irreversibility and the entropy production in RG flows to an\nexplicit numerical entropy production, which is manifest in diffusive and\nnon-linear partial differential equations (PDEs) and a standard mathematical\ntool for the analysis of PDEs. Using exactly solvable zero-dimensional\n$\\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric models, we explicitly compute the (numerical) entropy\nproduction related to the total variation non-increasing property of the PDE\nduring RG flows toward the infrared limit. Finally, we discuss generalizations\nof our findings and relations to the $\\mathcal{C}$-/$\\mathcal{A}$-theorem as\nwell as how our work may help to construct truncations of RG flow equations in\nthe future, including numerically stable schemes for solving the corresponding\nPDEs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlations in random Apollonian network: In this paper, by both simulations and theoretical predictions we study two\nand three node (or degree) correlations in random Apollonian network (RAN),\nwhich have small-world and scale-free topologies. Using the rate equation\napproach under the assumption of continuous degree, we first give the\nanalytical solution for two node correlations, expressed by average\nnearest-neighbor degree (ANND). Then, we revisit the degree distribution of RAN\nusing rate equation method and get the exact connection distribution, based on\nwhich we derive a more accurate result for mean clustering coefficient as an\naverage quantity of three degree correlations than the one previously reported.\nAnalytical results reveal that ANND has no correlations with respect to degree,\nwhile clustering coefficient is dependent on degree, showing a power-law\nbehavior as $C(k)\\sim k^{-1}$. The obtained expressions are successfully\ncontrasted with extensive numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic constraints on the power spectral density in and out of\n  equilibrium: The power spectral density of an observable quantifies the amount of\nfluctuations at a given frequency and can reveal the influence of different\ntimescales on the observable's dynamics. Here, we show that the spectral\ndensity in a continuous-time Markov process can be both lower and upper bounded\nby an expression involving two constants that depend on the observable and the\nproperties of the system. In equilibrium, we identify these constants with the\nlow- and high-frequency limit of the spectral density, respectively; thus, the\nspectrum at arbitrary frequency is bounded by the short- and long-time behavior\nof the observable. Out of equilibrium, on the other hand, the constants can no\nlonger be identified with the limiting behavior of the spectrum, allowing for\npeaks that correspond to oscillations in the dynamics. We show that the height\nof these peaks is related to dissipation, allowing to infer the degree to which\nthe system is out of equilibrium from the measured spectrum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Algebraic methods in the study of systems of the reaction-diffusion type: Nonlinear systems of the reaction-diffusion type, including Gierer-Meinhardt\nmodels of autocatalysis, are studied by using Lie algebras coming from the\nprolongation structure. The consequences of this analytical approach, as the\ndetermination of special exact solutions, are compared with the corresponding\nresults obtained via numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Nonlocal elasticity near jamming: We demonstrate that the elasticity of jammed solids is nonlocal. By forcing\nfrictionless soft sphere packings at varying wavelength, we directly access\ntheir transverse and longitudinal compliances without resorting to curve\nfitting. The observed wavelength dependence of the compliances is incompatible\nwith classical (local) elasticity, and hence quantifies the amplitude of\nnonlocal effects. Three distinct length scales, two of which diverge, control\nthe amplitude of both nonlocal effects and fluctuations about the mean\nresponse. Our results identify new, more accurate constitutive relations for\nweakly jammed solids, including emulsions, foams, and granulates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A New Stochastic Strategy for the Minority Game: We present a variant of the Minority Game in which players who where\nsuccessful in the previous timestep stay with their decision, while the losers\nchange their decision with a probability $p$. Analytical results for different\nregimes of $p$ and the number of players $N$ are given and connections to\nexisting models are discussed. It is shown that for $p \\propto 1/N$ the average\nloss $\\sigma^2$ is of the order of 1 and does not increase with $N$ as for\nother known strategies.",
        "positive": "Scaling Concepts in Graph Thoery: Self-Avoiding Walk on Fractal Complex\n  Networks: It was discovered a few years ago that many networks in the real world\nexhibit self-similarity. A lot of researches on the structures and processes on\nreal and artificial fractal complex networks have been done, drawing an analogy\nto critical phenomena. However, the non-Markovian dynamics on fractal networks\nhas not been understood well yet. We here study the self-avoiding walk on\ncomplex fractal networks through the mapping of the self-avoiding walk to the\nn-vector model by a generating function formalism. First, we analytically\ncalculate the critical exponent {\\nu} and the effective coordination number\n(the connective constant) by a renormalization-group analysis in various\nfractal dimensions. We find that the exponent {\\nu} is equal to the exponent of\ndisplacement, which describes the speed of diffusion in terms of the shortest\ndistance. Second, by obtaining an exact solution, we present an example which\nsupports the well-known conjecture that the universality class of the\nself-avoiding walk is not determined only by a fractal dimension. Our finding\nsuggests that the scaling theory of polymers can be applied to graphs which\nlack the Euclidian distance as well. Furthermore, the self-avoiding walk has\nbeen exactly solved only on a few lattices embedded in the Euclidian space, but\nwe show that consideration on general graphs can simplify analytic calculations\nand leads to a better understanding of critical phenomena. The scaling theory\nof the self-avoiding path will shed light on the relationship between path\nnumeration problems in graph theory and statistical nature of paths."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transverse ratchet effect and superconducting vortices: Simulation and\n  experiment: A transverse ratchet effect has been measured in magnetic/superconducting\nhybrid films fabricated by electron beam lithography and magnetron sputtering\ntechniques. The samples are Nb films grown on top of an array of Ni\nnanotriangles. Injecting an ac current parallel to the triangle reflection\nsymmetry axis yields an output dc voltage perpendicular to the current, due to\na net motion of flux vortices in the superconductor. The effect is reproduced\nby numerical simulations of vortices as Langevin particles with realistic\nparameters. Simulations provide an intuitive picture of the ratchet mechanism,\nrevealing the fundamental role played by the random intrinsic pinning of the\nsuperconductor.",
        "positive": "Universal fluctuations in the support of the random walk: A random walk starts from the origin of a d-dimensional lattice. The\noccupation number n(x,t) equals unity if after t steps site x has been visited\nby the walk, and zero otherwise. We study translationally invariant sums M(t)\nof observables defined locally on the field of occupation numbers. Examples are\nthe number S(t) of visited sites; the area E(t) of the (appropriately defined)\nsurface of the set of visited sites; and, in dimension d=3, the Euler index of\nthis surface. In d > 3, the averages <M>(t) all increase linearly with t as\nt-->infinity. We show that in d=3, to leading order in an asymptotic expansion\nin t, the deviations from average Delta M(t)= M(t)-<M>(t) are, up to a\nnormalization, all identical to a single \"universal\" random variable. This\nresult resembles an earlier one in dimension d=2; we show that this\nuniversality breaks down for d>3."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The flat phase of quantum polymerized membranes: We investigate the flat phase of quantum polymerized phantom membranes by\nmeans of a nonperturbative renormalization group approach. We first implement\nthis formalism for general quantum polymerized membranes and derive the flow\nequations that encompass both quantum and thermal fluctuations. We then deduce\nand analyze the flow equations relevant to study the flat phase and discuss\ntheir salient features : quantum to classical crossover and, in each of these\nregimes, strong to weak coupling crossover. We finally illustrate these\nfeatures in the context of free standing graphene physics.",
        "positive": "The interfacial profile in two-loop order: The profile of interfaces separating different phases of statistical systems\nis investigated in the framework of renormalized field theory. The profile\nfunction is calculated analytically in the local potential approximation, using\nthe effective potential to two loops. It can be interpreted as an intrinsic\ninterfacial profile. The loop corrections to the leading tanh-type term turn\nout to be small. They yield a broadening of the interface."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of fluids at a permeable wall: The problem of surface effects at a fluid boundary created by the force field\nof finite value is investigated. A classical simple fluid with a locally\nintroduced field imitating a permeable solid is considered. The cases of micro-\nand macroscopically smooth boundary are examined and the analysis of static\nmembranes is performed. Henry constant of adsorption and its connection with\nHenry constant of absorption, specific surface grand potential (gamma) and the\nsurface number density are determined. High-temperature expansions and\nlow-temperature limit for basic values are obtained. \"The surface tension\ncoefficient\" decomposes into a value proportional to Henry constant of\nadsorption depending on the position of the separating surface, and a universal\nnonlinear surface coefficient. Two approaches to this problem are analyzed:\nthrough the surface cluster expansion and through the pressure tensor. Within\nthe first approach, the series in powers of activity is obtained for gamma.\nThis expression is similar to the cluster expansion for pressure but in\ncontrast to this case the integrals of Ursell factors contain the multipliers\ndepending on the potential of particles interaction with the external field.\nWithin the second approach, Kirkwood-Buff formula for gamma is extended for the\ncase of the field of finite value. A complete identity of the approaches of\n\"cluster expansion\" and \"pressure tensor\" is demonstrated, and the near-surface\nvirial expansion which determines the exact equation of state of the\n\"two-dimensional\" gas of the near-surface region is constructed. Coincidence of\npressure acting on a transverse wall and the tangential component of pressure\ntensor, both averages over the transition layer as well as the symmetry of the\nsolution with respect to the permutation of sorbent - fluid are demonstrated.",
        "positive": "Controlling Anderson localization in disordered heterostructures with\n  L\u00e9vy-type distribution: In this paper, we propose a disordered heterostructure in which the\ndistribution of refractive index of one of its constituents follows a\nL\\'evy-type distribution characterized by the exponent $\\alpha$. For the normal\nand oblique incidences, the effect of $\\alpha$ variation on the localization\nlength is investigated in different frequency ranges. As a result, the\ncontrollability of Anderson localization can be achieved by changing the\nexponent $\\alpha$ in the disordered structure having heavy tailed distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Span observables - \"When is a foraging rabbit no longer hungry?\": Be $X_t$ a random walk. We study its span $S$, i.e. the size of the domain\nvisited up to time $t$. We want to know the probability that $S$ reaches $1$\nfor the first time, as well as the density of the span given $t$. Analytical\nresults are presented, and checked against numerical simulations. We then\ngeneralize this to include drift, and one or two reflecting boundaries. We also\nderive the joint probability of the maximum and minimum of a process. Our\nresults are based on the diffusion propagator with reflecting or absorbing\nboundaries, for which a set of useful formulas is derived.",
        "positive": "Haldane relation for interacting dimers: We consider a model of weakly interacting, close-packed, dimers on the\ntwo-dimensional square lattice. In a previous paper, we computed both the\nmultipoint dimer correlations, which display non-trivial critical exponents,\ncontinuously varying with the interaction strength; and the height\nfluctuations, which, after proper coarse graining and rescaling, converge to\nthe massless Gaussian field with a suitable interaction-dependent pre-factor\n(`amplitude'). In this paper, we prove the identity between the critical\nexponent of the two-point dimer correlation and the amplitude of this massless\nGaussian field. This identity is the restatement, in the context of interacting\ndimers, of one of the Haldane universality relations, part of his Luttinger\nliquid conjecture, originally formulated in the context of one-dimensional\ninteracting Fermi systems. Its validity is a strong confirmation of the\neffective massless Gaussian field description of the interacting dimer model,\nwhich was guessed on the basis of formal bosonization arguments. We also\nconjecture that a certain discrete curve defined at the lattice level via the\nTemperley bijection converges in the scaling limit to an SLE$_\\kappa$ process,\nwith $\\kappa$ depending non-trivially on the interaction and related in a\nsimple way to the amplitude of the limiting Gaussian field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On some properties of Tsallis hypoentropies and hypodivergences: Both the Kullback-Leibler and the Tsallis divergence have a strong\nlimitation: if the value $0$ appears in probability distributions $\\left(\np_{1},\\cdots ,p_{n}\\right)$ and $\\left( q_{1},\\cdots ,q_{n}\\right)$, it must\nappear in the same positions for the sake of significance. In order to avoid\nthat limitation in the framework of Shannon statistics, Ferreri introduced in\n1980 the hypoentropy: \"such conditions rarely occur in practice\". The aim of\nthe present paper is to extend Ferreri's hypoentropy to the Tsallis statistics.\nWe introduce the Tsallis hypoentropy and the Tsallis hypodivergence and\ndescribe their mathematical behavior. Fundamental properties like\nnonnegativity, monotonicity, the chain rule and subadditivity are established.",
        "positive": "Quasi-equilibrium in glassy dynamics: a liquid theory approach: We introduce a quasi-equilibrium formalism in the theory of liquids in order\nto obtain a set of coarse grained long time dynamical equations for the two\npoint density correlation functions. Our scheme allows to use typical\napproximations devised for equilibrium to study long time glassy dynamics. We\nstudy the Hypernetted Chain (HNC) approximation and a recent closure scheme by\nSzamel. In both cases we get dynamical equations that have the structure of the\nMode-Coupling (MCT) equations in the long time region. The HNC approach, that\nwas so far used to get equilibrium quantities is thus generalized to a fully\nconsistent scheme where long-time dynamic quantities can also be computed. In\nthe context of this approximation we get an asymptotic description of both\nequilibrium glassy dynamics at high temperature and of aging dynamics at low\ntemperature. The Szamel approximation on the other hand is shown to lead to the\nexact Mode Coupling equation of G\\\"otze for equilibrium dynamics. We clarify\nthe way phase space is sampled according to MCT during dynamical relaxation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computation of the equilibrium three-particle entropy for dense atomic\n  fluids by molecular dynamics simulation: We have computed the two and three-particle contribution to the entropy of a\nWeeks-Chandler-Andersen fluid via molecular dynamics simulations. The\nthree-particle correlation function and entropy were computed with a new method\nwhich simplified calculation. Results are qualitatively similar to\nLennard-Jones systems. We observed a numerical instability in the\nthree-particle contribution. This phenomenon has been previously detected when\nthe traditional method is used, thus it is likely to be intrinsic in the\ncomputation. While the effect of statistical fluctuations can be removed\nthrough an extrapolation procedure, the discretization error due to finite bin\nsize is more difficult to characterize. With a correct choice of the bin size,\na good estimate of the three-particle entropy contribution can be achieved at\nany state, even close to the freezing point. We observed that, despite the fact\nthat the magnitude of the three-particle contribution increases significantly\ncompared to the two-particle contribution as freezing is approached, the error\ninduced from overestimation of the excess entropy by the two and three-body\nterms exceeds that induced by approximating the excess entropy with the two\nbody term alone.",
        "positive": "Critical entanglement of XXZ Heisenberg chains with defects: We study the entanglement properties of anisotropic open spin one-half\nHeisenberg chains with a modified central bond. The entanglement entropy\nbetween the two half-chains is calculated with the density-matrix\nrenormalization method (DMRG).We find a logarithmic behaviour with an effective\ncentral charge c' varying with the length of the system. It flows to one in the\nferromagnetic region and to zero in the antiferromagnetic region of the model.\nIn the XX case it has a non-universal limit and we recover previous results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior and Griffiths effects in the disordered contact\n  process: We study the nonequilibrium phase transition in the one-dimensional contact\nprocess with quenched spatial disorder by means of large-scale Monte-Carlo\nsimulations for times up to $10^9$ and system sizes up to $10^7$ sites. In\nagreement with recent predictions of an infinite-randomness fixed point, our\nsimulations demonstrate activated (exponential) dynamical scaling at the\ncritical point. The critical behavior turns out to be universal, even for weak\ndisorder. However, the approach to this asymptotic behavior is extremely slow,\nwith crossover times of the order of $10^4$ or larger. In the Griffiths region\nbetween the clean and the dirty critical points, we find power-law dynamical\nbehavior with continuously varying exponents. We discuss the generality of our\nfindings and relate them to a broader theory of rare region effects at phase\ntransitions with quenched disorder.",
        "positive": "Phase Disorder Effects in a Cellular Automaton Model of Epidemic\n  Propagation: A deterministic cellular automaton rule defined on the Moore neighbourhood is\nstudied as a model of epidemic propagation. The directed nature of the\ninteraction between cells allows one to introduce the dependence on a disorder\nparameter that determines the fraction of ``in-phase'' cells. Phase-disorder is\nshown to produce peculiar changes in the dynamical and statistical properties\nof the different evolution regimes obtained by varying the infection and the\nimmunization periods. In particular, the finite-velocity spreading of\nperturbations, characterizing chaotic evolution, can be prevented by\nlocalization effects induced by phase-disorder, that may also yield spatial\nisotropy of the infection propagation as a statistical effect. Analogously, the\nstructure of phase-synchronous ordered patterns is rapidly lost as soon as\nphase-disorder is increased, yielding a defect-mediated turbulent regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo Investigation of Anomalous Transport in presence of a\n  Discontinuity and of an Advection Field: Anomalous diffusion has recently turned out to be almost ubiquitous in\ntransport problems. When the physical properties of the medium where the\ntransport process takes place are stationary and constant at each spatial\nlocation, anomalous transport has been successfully analyzed within the\nContinuous Time Random Walk (CTRW) model. In this paper, within a Monte Carlo\napproach to CTRW, we focus on the particle transport through two regions\ncharacterized by different physical properties, in presence of an external\ndriving action constituted by an additional advective field, modeled within\nboth the Galilei invariant and Galilei variant schemes. Particular attention is\npaid to the interplay between the distributions of space and time across the\ndiscontinuity. The resident concentration and the flux of the particles are\nfinally evaluated and it is shown that at the interface between the two regions\nthe flux is continuous as required by mass conservation, while the\nconcentration may reveal a neat discontinuity. This result could open the route\nto the Monte Carlo investigation of the effectiveness of a physical\ndiscontinuity acting as a filter on particle concentration.",
        "positive": "Critical properties of a spin-1 triangular lattice Ising antiferromagnet: We employ Monte Carlo simulations in order to investigate critical behavior\nof a geometrically frustrated spin-1 Ising antiferromagnet on a triangular\nlattice in the presence of a single-ion anisotropy. It has been previously\nfound that long-range order can exist in the isotropic system with a spin\nlarger than some critical value estimated as 11/2. We show that the presence of\nthe single-ion anisotropy can lead to a partial long-range order in the\nlow-temperature region even below this critical value, namely for the spin 1,\nwithin a certain range of the anisotropy strength. At higher temperatures we\nidentify another phase of the Berezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless type and using a\nfinite-size scaling analysis evaluate the correlation decay exponent. We also\nstudy densities of various local spin patterns in the respective phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From classical to quantum walks with stochastic resetting on networks: Random walks are fundamental models of stochastic processes with applications\nin various fields including physics, biology, and computer science. We study\nclassical and quantum random walks under the influence of stochastic resetting\non arbitrary networks. Based on the mathematical formalism of quantum\nstochastic walks, we provide a framework of classical and quantum walks whose\nevolution is determined by graph Laplacians. We study the influence of quantum\neffects on the stationary and long-time average probability distribution by\ninterpolating between the classical and quantum regime. We compare our\nanalytical results on stationary and long-time average probability\ndistributions with numerical simulations on different networks, revealing\ndifferences in the way resets affect the sampling properties of classical and\nquantum walks.",
        "positive": "High chemical affinity increases the robustness of biochemical\n  oscillations: Biochemical oscillations are ubiquitous in nature and allow organisms to\nproperly time their biological functions. In this paper, we consider minimal\nMarkov state models of nonequilibrium biochemical networks that support\noscillations. We obtain analytical expressions for the coherence and period of\noscillations in these networks. These quantities are expected to depend on all\ndetails of the transition rates in the Markov state model. However, our\nanalytical calculations reveal that driving the system out of equilibrium makes\nmany of these details - specifically, the location and arrangement of the\ntransition rates - irrelevant to the coherence and period of oscillations. This\ntheoretical prediction is confirmed by excellent agreement with numerical\nresults. As a consequence, the coherence and period of oscillations can be\nrobustly maintained in the presence of fluctuations in the irrelevant\nvariables. While recent work has established that increasing energy consumption\nimproves the coherence of oscillations, our findings suggest that it plays the\nadditional role of making the coherence and the average period of oscillations\nrobust to fluctuations in rates that can result from the noisy environment of\nthe cell."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Hierarchical Systems: Fluctuation Force by Coarse-Graining,\n  Decoherence by Correlation Noise: While the issues of dissipation, fluctuations, noise and decoherence in open\nquantum systems (with autocratic divide) analyzed via Langevin dynamics are\nfamiliar subjects, the treatment of corresponding issues in closed quantum\nsystems is more subtle, as witnessed by Boltzmann's explanation of dissipation\nin a macroscopic system made up of many equal constituents (a democratic\nsystem). How to extract useful physical information about a closed democratic\nsystem with no obvious ways to distinguish one constituent from another, nor\nthe existence of conservation laws governing certain special kinds of\nvariables, e.g., the hydrodynamic variables -- this is the question we raise in\nthis essay. Taking the inspirations from Boltzmann and Langevin, we study a)\nhow a hierarchical order introduced to a closed democratic system -- defined\neither by substance or by representation, and b) how hierarchical\ncoarse-graining, executed in a specific order, can facilitate our understanding\nin how macro-behaviors arise from micro-dynamics. We give two examples in: a)\nthe derivation of correlation noises in the BBGKY hierarchy and how using a\nBoltzmann-Langevin equation one can study the decoherence of the lower order\ncorrelations; and b) the derivation of quantum fluctuation forces by ordered\ncoarse-grainings of the relevant variables in the medium, the quantum field and\nthe internal degrees of freedom of an atom.",
        "positive": "Susceptibility of Polar Flocks to Spatial Anisotropy: We consider the effect of spatial anisotropy on polar flocks by investigating\nactive $q$-state clock models in two dimensions. In contrast to what happens in\nequilibrium, we find that, in the large-size limit, any amount of anisotropy\nchanges drastically the phenomenology of the rotationally-invariant case,\ndestroying long-range correlations, pinning the direction of global order, and\ntransforming the traveling bands of the coexistence phase into a single moving\ndomain. All this happens beyond a lengthscale that diverges in the $q\\to\\infty$\nlimit. A phenomenology akin to that of the Vicsek model can thus be observed in\na finite system for large enough values of $q$. We provide a scaling argument\nwhich rationalizes why anisotropy has so different effects in the passive and\nactive cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of spatial correlations on Hopfield Neural Network and Dense\n  Associative Memories: Hopfield model is one of the few neural networks for which analytical results\ncan be obtained. However, most of them are derived under the assumption of\nrandom uncorrelated patterns, while in real life applications data to be stored\nshow non-trivial correlations. In the present paper we study how the retrieval\ncapability of the Hopfield network at null temperature is affected by spatial\ncorrelations in the data we feed to it. In particular, we use as patterns to be\nstored the configurations of a linear Ising model at inverse temperature\n$\\beta$. Exploiting the signal to noise technique we obtain a phase diagram in\nthe load of the Hopfield network and the Ising temperature where a fuzzy phase\nand a retrieval region can be observed. Remarkably, as the spatial correlation\ninside patterns is increased, the critical load of the Hopfield network\ndiminishes, a result also confirmed by numerical simulations. The analysis is\nthen generalized to Dense Associative Memories with arbitrary odd-body\ninteractions, for which we obtain analogous results.",
        "positive": "Optimal estimates of free energies from multi-state nonequilibrium work\n  data: We derive the optimal estimates of the free energies of an arbitrary number\nof thermodynamic states from nonequilibrium work measurements; the work data\nare collected from forward and reverse switching processes and obey a\nfluctuation theorem. The maximum likelihood formulation properly reweights all\npathways contributing to a free energy difference, and is directly applicable\nto simulations and experiments. We demonstrate dramatic gains in efficiency by\ncombining the analysis with parallel tempering simulations for alchemical\nmutations of model amino acids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Fluctuation Theorem for Stochastic Systems: The Fluctuation Theorem describes the probability ratio of observing\ntrajectories that satisfy or violate the second law of thermodynamics. It has\nbeen proved in a number of different ways for thermostatted deterministic\nnonequilibrium systems. In the present paper we show that the Fluctuation\nTheorem is also valid for a class of stochastic nonequilibrium systems. The\nTheorem is therefore not reliant on the reversibility or the determinism of the\nunderlying dynamics. Numerical tests verify the theoretical result.",
        "positive": "Poincar\u00e9's Observation and the Origin of Tsallis Generalized\n  Canonical Distributions: In this paper, we present some geometric properties of the maximum entropy\n(MaxEnt) Tsallis- distributions under energy constraint. In the case q > 1,\nthese distributions are proved to be marginals of uniform distributions on the\nsphere; in the case q < 1, they can be constructed as conditional distribu-\ntions of a Cauchy law built from the same uniform distribution on the sphere\nusing a gnomonic projection. As such, these distributions reveal the relevance\nof using Tsallis distributions in the microcanonical setup: an example of such\napplication is given in the case of the ideal gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of Quantum Information Flows: We report two results complementing the second law of thermodynamics for\nMarkovian open quantum systems coupled to multiple reservoirs with different\ntemperatures and chemical potentials. First, we derive a nonequilibrium free\nenergy inequality providing an upper bound for a maximum power output, which\nfor systems with inhomogeneous temperature is not equivalent to the Clausius\ninequality. Secondly, we derive local Clausius and free energy inequalities for\nsubsystems of a composite system. These inequalities differ from the total\nsystem one by the presence of an information-related contribution and build the\nground for thermodynamics of quantum information processing. Our theory is used\nto study an autonomous Maxwell demon.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of Self-Gravitating Systems with Softened Potentials: The microcanonical statistical mechanics of a set of self-gravitating\nparticles is analyzed in mean-field approach. In order to deal with an upper\nbounded entropy functional, a softened gravitational potential is used. The\nsoftening is achieved by truncating to N terms an expansion of the Newtonian\npotential in spherical Bessel functions. The order N is related to the\nsoftening at short distances. This regularization has the remarkable property\nthat it allows for an exact solution of the mean field equation. It is found\nthat for N not too large the absolute maximum of the entropy coincides to high\naccuracy with the solution of the Lane-Emden equation, which determines the\nmean field mass distribution for the Newtonian potential for energies larger\nthan $E_c\\approx -0.335 G M^2/R$. Below this energy a collapsing phase\ntransition, with negative specific heat, takes place. The dependence of this\nresult on the regularizing parameter N is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic deformation of a thermodynamic symplectic structure: A stochastic deformation of a thermodynamic symplectic structure is studied.\nThe stochastic deformation procedure is analogous to the deformation of an\nalgebra of observables like deformation quantization, but for an imaginary\ndeformation parameter (the Planck constant). Gauge symmetries of thermodynamics\nand corresponding stochastic mechanics, which describes fluctuations of a\nthermodynamic system, are revealed and gauge fields are introduced. A physical\ninterpretation to the gauge transformations and gauge fields is given. An\napplication of the formalism to a description of systems with distributed\nparameters in a local thermodynamic equilibrium is considered.",
        "positive": "How two spins can thermalize a third spin: We consider thermalization of a microscopic quantum system by interaction\nwith a thermal bath. Our interest is the minimal size the bath can have while\nstill being able to thermalize the system. Within a specific thermalization\nscheme we show that a single spin-1/2 can be fully thermalized by interaction\nwith a bath that consists of just two other spin-1/2. The two bath spins are\ninitially in a pure, entangled state, and the thermalizing interaction is a\nHeisenberg exchange-interaction of the system-spin with one of the bath spins.\nThe time dependent coupling strength has to obey a single integral constraint.\nWe also present a simple generalization of this minimal model in which the bath\nconsists of an arbitrary number of spin-1/2 pairs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modeling Escape from a One-Dimensional Potential Well at Zero or Very\n  Low Temperatures: The process of activation out a one-dimensional potential is investigated\nsystematically in zero and nonzero temperature conditions. The features of the\npotential are traced through statistical escape out of its wells whose depths\nare tuned in time by a forcing term. The process is carried out on the damped\npendulum system imposing specific initial conditions on the potential variable.\nWhile for relatively high values of the dissipation the statistical properties\nfollow a behavior that can be derived from the standard Kramers model,\ndecreasing the dissipation we observe responses/deviations which have regular\ndependencies on initial conditions, temperature, and loss parameter itself. It\nis shown that failures of the thermal activation model are originated at low\ntemperatures, and very low dissipation, by the initial conditions and\nintrinsic, namely T=0, characteristic oscillations of the potential-generated\ndynamical equation.",
        "positive": "Commuting Heisenberg operators as the quantum response problem:\n  Time-normal averages in the truncated Wigner representation: The applicability of the so-called truncated Wigner approximation (-W) is\nextended to multitime averages of Heisenberg field operators. This task splits\nnaturally in two. Firstly, what class of multitime averages the -W\napproximates, and, secondly, how to proceed if the average in question does not\nbelong to this class. To answer the first question we develop an (in principle,\nexact) path-integral approach in phase-space based on the symmetric (Weyl)\nordering of creation and annihilation operators. These techniques calculate a\nnew class of averages which we call time-symmetric. The -W equations emerge as\nan approximation within this path-integral techniques. We then show that the\nanswer to the second question is associated with response properties of the\nsystem. In fact, for two-time averages Kubo's renowned formula relating the\nlinear response function to two-time commutators suffices. The -W is trivially\ngeneralised to the response properties of the system allowing one to calculate\napproximate time-normally ordered two-time correlation functions with\nsurprising ease. The techniques we develop are demonstrated for the\nBose-Hubbard model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non equivalence of dynamical ensembles and emergent non ergodicity: Dynamical ensembles have been introduced to study constrained stochastic\nprocesses. In the microcanonical ensemble, the value of a dynamical observable\nis constrained to a given value. In the canonical ensemble a bias is introduced\nin the process to move the mean value of this observable. The equivalence\nbetween the two ensembles means that calculations in one or the other ensemble\nlead to the same result. In this paper, we study the physical conditions\nassociated with ensemble equivalence and the consequences of non-equivalence.\nFor continuous time Markov jump processes, we show that ergodicity guarantees\nensemble equivalence. For non-ergodic systems or systems with emergent\nergodicity breaking, we adapt a method developed for equilibrium ensembles to\ncompute asymptotic probabilities while caring about the initial condition. We\nillustrate our results on the infinite range Ising model by characterizing the\nfluctuations of magnetization and activity. We discuss the emergence of non\nergodicity by showing that the initial condition can only be forgotten after a\ntime that scales exponentially with the number of spins.",
        "positive": "Statistical analysis of random trajectories of vibrated disks: towards a\n  macroscopic realization of Brownian motion: We propose a macroscopic realization of planar Brownian motion by vertically\nvibrated disks. We perform a systematic statistical analysis of many random\ntrajectories of individual disks. The distribution of increments is shown to be\nalmost Gaussian, with slight deviations at large increments caused by\ninter-disk collisions. The velocity auto-correlation function takes both\npositive and negative values at short lag times but rapidly vanishes. We\ncompare the empirical and theoretical distributions of time averaged mean\nsquare displacements and discuss distinctions between its mean and mode. These\nwell-controlled experimental data can serve for validating statistical tools\ndeveloped for the analysis of single-particle trajectories in microbiology."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simple series solutions to specific heat-phonon spectrum inversion: The specific heat-phonon spectrum inversion has played a significant role in\nsolid physics. But for this inherently ill-posed problem, most of the known\nsolutions are complex both in form and content, although they are rigorous and\nperfect. Here we suggest another simpler series solution to this problem, which\ncan be easily calculated if the ratio of specific heat to temperature can be\nexpanded into a power series, or specific heat can be expanded asymptotically\nand conditionally. Furthermore, we suggest similar solutions to the black-body\nradiation inversion.",
        "positive": "On exact time-averages of a massive Poisson particle: In this work we study, under the Stratonovich definition, the problem of the\ndamped oscillatory massive particle subject to a heterogeneous Poisson noise\ncharacterised by a rate of events, \\lambda (t), and a magnitude, \\Phi,\nfollowing an exponential distribution. We tackle the problem by performing\nexact time-averages over the noise in a similar way to previous works analysing\nthe problem of the Brownian particle. From this procedure we obtain the\nlong-term equilibrium distributions of position and velocity as well as\nanalytical asymptotic expressions for the injection and dissipation of energy\nterms. Considerations on the emergence of stochastic resonance in this type of\nsystem are also set forth."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Whitham approach to Generalized Hydrodynamics: The formation of dispersive shock waves in the one-dimensional Bose gas\nrepresents a limitation of Generalized Hydrodynamics (GHD) due to the\ncoarse-grained nature of the theory. Nevertheless, GHD accurately captures the\nlong wavelength behavior indicating an implicit knowledge of the underlying\nmicroscopic physics. Such representation are already known through the Whitham\nmodulation theory, where dispersion-less equations describe the evolution of\nthe slowly varying shock wave parameters. Here we study the correspondence\nbetween Whithams approach to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and GHD in the\nsemi-classical limit. Our findings enable the recovery of the shock wave\nsolution directly from GHD simulations, which we demonstrate for both zero and\nfinite temperature. Additionally, we study how free expansion protocols affect\nthe shock wave density and their implications for experimental detection. The\ncombined picture of Whitham and GHD lends itself to additional physical\ninterpretation regarding the formation of shock waves. Further, this picture\nexhibits clear analogies to the theory of Quantum GHD, and we discuss possible\nroutes to establish an explicit connection between them.",
        "positive": "Dissipation, interaction and relative entropy: Many thermodynamic relations involve inequalities, with equality if a process\ndoes not involve dissipation. In this article we provide equalities in which\nthe dissipative contribution is shown to involve the relative entropy (a.k.a.\nKullback-Leibler divergence). The processes considered are general time\nevolutions both in classical and quantum mechanics, and the initial state is\nsometimes thermal, sometimes partially so. As an application, the relative\nentropy is related to transport coefficients."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On a Dynamical-Like Replica-Symmetry-Breaking Scheme for the Spin Glass: Considering the unphysical result obtained in the calculation of the\nfree-energy cost for twisting the boundary conditions in a spin glass, we trace\nit to the negative multiplicities associated with the Parisi replica-symmetry\nbreaking (RSB). We point out that a distinct RSB, that keeps positive\nmultiplicities, was proposed long ago, in the spirit of an ultra-long time\ndynamical approach due to Sompolinsky. For an homogeneous bulk system, both RSB\nschemes are known to yield identical free energies and observables. However,\nusing the dynamical RSB, we have recalculated the twist free energy at the\nmean-field level. The free-energy cost of this twist is, as expected, positive\nin that scheme, as it should be.",
        "positive": "A multiobjective optimization approach to statistical mechanics: Optimization problems have been the subject of statistical physics\napproximations. A specially relevant and general scenario is provided by\noptimization methods considering tradeoffs between cost and efficiency, where\noptimal solutions involve a compromise between both. The theory of Pareto (or\nmulti objective) optimization provides a general framework to explore these\nproblems and find the space of possible solutions compatible with the\nunderlying tradeoffs, known as the {\\em Pareto front}. Conflicts between\nconstraints can lead to complex landscapes of Pareto optimal solutions with\ninteresting implications in economy, engineering, or evolutionary biology.\nDespite their disparate nature, here we show how the structure of the Pareto\nfront uncovers profound universal features that can be understood in the\ncontext of thermodynamics. In particular, our study reveals that different\nfronts are connected to different classes of phase transitions, which we can\ndefine robustly, along with critical points and thermodynamic potentials. These\nequivalences are illustrated with classic thermodynamic examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Closed-form solutions for the L\u00e9vy-stable distribution: The L\\'evy-stable distribution is the attractor of distributions which hold\npower laws with infinite variance. This distribution has been used in a variety\nof research areas, for example in economics it is used to model financial\nmarket fluctuations and in statistical mechanics as a numerical solution of\nfractional kinetic equations of anomalous transport. This function does not\nhave an explicit expression and no uniform solution has been proposed yet. This\npaper presents a uniform analytical approximation for the L\\'evy-stable\ndistribution based on matching power series expansions. For this solution, the\ntrans-stable function is defined as an auxiliary function which removes the\nnumerical issues of the calculations of the L\\'evy-stable. Then, the uniform\nsolution is proposed as a result of an asymptotic matching between two types of\napproximations called \"the inner solution\" and \"the outer solution\". Finally,\nthe results of analytical approximation are compared to the numerical results\nof the L\\'evy-stable distribution function, making this uniform solution valid\nto be applied as an analytical approximation.",
        "positive": "The universality class of fluctuating pulled fronts: It has recently been proposed that fluctuating ``pulled'' fronts propagating\ninto an unstable state should not be in the standard KPZ universality class for\nrough interface growth. We introduce an effective field equation for this class\nof problems, and show on the basis of it that noisy pulled fronts in {\\em d+1}\nbulk dimensions should be in the universality class of the {\\em (d+1)+1}D KPZ\nequation rather than of the {\\em d+1}D KPZ equation. Our scenario ties together\na number of heretofore unexplained observations in the literature, and is\nsupported by previous numerical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Theory of Finite Fermi-Systems Based on the Structure of\n  Chaotic Eigenstates: The approach is developed for the description of isolated Fermi-systems with\nfinite number of particles, such as complex atoms, nuclei, atomic clusters etc.\nIt is based on statistical properties of chaotic excited states which are\nformed by the interaction between particles. New type of ``microcanonical''\npartition function is introduced and expressed in terms of the average shape of\neigenstates $F(E_k,E)$ where $E$ is the total energy of the system. This\npartition function plays the same role as the canonical expression\n$exp(-E^{(i)}/T)$ for open systems in thermal bath. The approach allows to\ncalculate mean values and non-diagonal matrix elements of different operators.\nIn particular, the following problems have been considered: distribution of\noccupation numbers and its relevance to the canonical and Fermi-Dirac\ndistributions; criteria of equilibrium and thermalization; thermodynamical\nequation of state and the meaning of temperature, entropy and heat capacity,\nincrease of effective temperature due to the interaction. The problems of\nspreading widths and shape of the eigenstates are also studied.",
        "positive": "Numerical solutions of Fokker-Planck equations with drift-admitting\n  jumps: We develop a finite difference scheme based on a grid staggered by flux\npoints and solution points to solve Fokker-Planck equations with\ndrift-admitting jumps. To satisfy the matching conditions at the jumps, i.e.,\nthe continuities of the propagator and the probability current, the jumps are\nset to be solution points and used to divide the solution domain into\nsubdomains. While the values of the probability current at flux points are\nobtained within each subdomain, the values of its first derivative at solution\npoints are evaluated by using stencils across the subdomains. Several benchmark\nproblems are solved numerically to show the validity of the proposed scheme."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic theory of ${1D}$ homogeneous long-range interacting systems\n  sourced by ${1/N^{2}}$ effects: The long-term dynamics of long-range interacting $N$-body systems can\ngenerically be described by the Balescu-Lenard kinetic equation. However, for\n${1D}$ homogeneous systems, this collision operator exactly vanishes by\nsymmetry. These systems undergo a kinetic blocking, and cannot relax as a whole\nunder ${1/N}$ resonant effects. As a result, these systems can only relax under\n${1/N^{2}}$ effects, and their relaxation is drastically slowed down. In the\ncontext of the homogeneous Hamiltonian Mean Field model, we present a new,\nclosed and explicit kinetic equation describing self-consistently the very\nlong-term evolution of such systems, in the limit where collective effects can\nbe neglected, i.e. for dynamically hot initial conditions. We show in\nparticular how that kinetic equation satisfies an $H$-Theorem that guarantees\nthe unavoidable relaxation to the Boltzmann equilibrium distribution. Finally,\nwe illustrate how that kinetic equation quantitatively matches with the\nmeasurements from direct $N$-body simulations.",
        "positive": "Effective rate equations for the over-damped motion in fluctuating\n  potentials: We discuss physical and mathematical aspects of the over-damped motion of a\nBrownian particle in fluctuating potentials. It is shown that such a system can\nbe described quantitatively by fluctuating rates if the potential fluctuations\nare slow compared to relaxation within the minima of the potential, and if the\nposition of the minima does not fluctuate. Effective rates can be calculated;\nthey describe the long-time dynamics of the system. Furthermore, we show the\nexistence of a stationary solution of the Fokker-Planck equation that describes\nthe motion within the fluctuating potential under some general conditions. We\nalso show that a stationary solution of the rate equations with fluctuating\nrates exists."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From algebraic to coordinate Bethe ansatz for square ice: In this text, we provide a detailed exposition of the Algebraic Bethe ansatz\nfor square ice (or six vertex model), which allows the construction of\ncandidate eigenvectors for the transfer matrices of this model. We also prove\nsome formula of V.E. Korepin for these vectors, which leads to an\nidentification, up to a non-zero complex factor, with the vector obtained by\ncoordinate Bethe ansatz.",
        "positive": "Information Geometry of q-Gaussian Densities and Behaviors of Solutions\n  to Related Diffusion Equations: This paper presents new geometric aspects of the behaviors of solutions to\nthe porous medium equation (PME) and its associated equation. First we discuss\nthe Legendre structure with information geometry on the manifold of generalized\nexponential densities. Next by considering such a structure in particular on\nthe q-Gaussian densities, we derive several physically and geometrically\ninteresting properties of the solutions. They include, for example,\ncharacterization of the moment-conserving projection of a solution, evaluation\nof evolutional velocities of the second moments and the convergence rate to the\nmanifold in terms of the geodesic curves, divergence and so on."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pair-factorized steady states on arbitrary graphs: Stochastic mass transport models are usually described by specifying hopping\nrates of particles between sites of a given lattice, and the goal is to predict\nthe existence and properties of the steady state. Here we ask the reverse\nquestion: given a stationary state that factorizes over links (pairs of sites)\nof an arbitrary connected graph, what are possible hopping rates that converge\nto this state? We define a class of hopping functions which lead to the same\nsteady state and guarantee current conservation but may differ by the induced\ncurrent strength. For the special case of anisotropic hopping in two dimensions\nwe discuss some aspects of the phase structure. We also show how this case can\nbe traced back to an effective zero-range process in one dimension which is\nsolvable for a large class of hopping functions.",
        "positive": "Stochastic thermodynamics of hidden pumps: We show that a reversible pumping mechanism operating between two states of a\nkinetic network can give rise to Poisson transitions between these two states.\nAn external observer, for whom the pumping mechanism is not accessible, will\nobserve a Markov chain satisfying local detailed balance with an emerging\neffective force induced by the hidden pump. Due to the reversibility of the\npump, the actual entropy production turns out to be lower than the coarse\ngrained entropy production estimated from the flows and affinities of the\nresulting Markov chain. Moreover, in presence of a large time scale separation\nbetween the fast pumping dynamics and the slow network dynamics, a finite\ncurrent with zero dissipation may be produced. We make use of these general\nresults to build a synthetase-like kinetic scheme able to reversibly produce\nhigh free energy molecules at a finite rate and a rotatory motor achieving\n100\\% efficiency at finite speed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite size fluctuations and stochastic resonance in globally coupled\n  bistable systems: The dynamics of a system formed by a finite number $N$ of globally coupled\nbistable oscillators and driven by external forces is studied focusing on a\nglobal variable defined as the arithmetic mean of each oscillator variable.\nSeveral models based on truncation schemes of a hierarchy of stochastic\nequations for a set of fluctuating cumulant variables are presented. This\nhierarchy is derived using It\\^o stochastic calculus, and the noise terms in it\nare treated using an asymptotic approximation valid for large $N$. In addition,\na simplified one-variable model based on an effective potential is also\nconsidered. These models are tested in the framework of the phenomenon of\nstochastic resonance. In turn, they are used to explain in simple terms the\nvery large gains recently observed in these finite systems.",
        "positive": "Negative fluctuation-dissipation ratios in the backgammon model: We analyze fluctuation-dissipation relations in the Backgammon model: a\nsystem that displays glassy behavior at zero temperature due to the existence\nof entropy barriers. We study local and global fluctuation relations for the\ndifferent observables in the model. For the case of a global perturbation we\nfind a unique negative fluctuation-dissipation ratio that is independent of the\nobservable and which diverges linearly with the waiting time. This result\nsuggests that a negative effective temperature can be observed in glassy\nsystems even in the absence of thermally activated processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions in integer linear problems: The resolution of linear system with positive integer variables is a basic\nyet difficult computational problem with many applications. We consider sparse\nuncorrelated random systems parametrised by the density $c$ and the ratio\n$\\alpha=N/M$ between number of variables $N$ and number of constraints $M$. By\nmeans of ensemble calculations we show that the space of feasible solutions\nendows a Van-Der-Waals phase diagram in the plane ($c$, $\\alpha$). We give\nnumerical evidence that the associated computational problems become more\ndifficult across the critical point and in particular in the coexistence\nregion.",
        "positive": "Low-energy properties of anisotropic two-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg\n  models in staggered magnetic fields: We present a systematic study of the anisotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg model in\nstaggered magnetic fields in two dimensions (2D). To mimic real materials, we\nconsider a system of coupled, antiferromagnetic chains, whose interchain\ninteraction can be either ferro- or antiferromagnetic. When the staggered field\nis commensurate with the magnetic interactions, an energy gap opens immediately\nand follows a power law as a function of the applied field, similar to the\nsituation in 1D. When the field competes with the interactions, a quantum phase\ntransition (QPT) occurs from a gapless, magnetically ordered phase at low\nfields to a gapped, disordered regime. We use a continuous-time Monte Carlo\nmethod to compute the staggered moment of the ordered phases and the spin gap\nof the disordered phases. We deduce the phase diagrams as functions of the\nanisotropy ratio and the applied field, and calculate the scaling behavior of\nthe models in both quantities. We show that in the competitive case, the\nstaggered field acts to maintain a regime of quasi-1D behavior around the QPT,\nand we discuss as a consequence the nature of the crossover from 1D to 2D\nphysics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reaction-Path Statistical Mechanics of Enzymatic Kinetics: We introduce a reaction-path statistical mechanics formalism based on the\nprinciple of large deviations to quantify the kinetics of single-molecule\nenzymatic reaction processes under the Michaelis-Menten mechanism, which\nexemplifies an out-of-equilibrium process in the living system. Our theoretical\napproach begins with the principle of equal a priori probabilities and defines\nthe reaction path entropy to construct a new nonequilibrium ensemble as a\ncollection of possible chemical reaction paths. As a result, we evaluate a\nvariety of path-based partition functions and free energies using the formalism\nof statistical mechanics. They allow us to calculate the timescales of a given\nenzymatic reaction, even in the absence of an explicit boundary condition that\nis necessary for the equilibrium ensemble. We also consider the large deviation\ntheory under a closed-boundary condition of the fixed observation time to\nquantify the enzyme-substrate unbinding rates. The result demonstrates the\npresence of a phase-separation-like, bimodal behavior in unbinding events at a\nfinite timescale, and the behavior vanishes as its rate function converges to a\nsingle phase in the long-time limit.",
        "positive": "Geometrical exponents of contour loops on synthetic multifractal rough\n  surfaces: multiplicative hierarchical cascade p-model: In this paper, we study many geometrical properties of contour loops to\ncharacterize the morphology of synthetic multifractal rough surfaces, which are\ngenerated by multiplicative hierarchical cascading processes. To this end, two\ndifferent classes of multifractal rough surfaces are numerically simulated. As\nthe first group, singular measure multifractal rough surfaces are generated by\nusing the $p$ model. The smoothened multifractal rough surface then is\nsimulated by convolving the first group with a so-called Hurst exponent, $H^*$\n. The generalized multifractal dimension of isoheight lines (contours), $D(q)$,\ncorrelation exponent of contours, $x_l$, cumulative distributions of areas,\n$\\xi$, and perimeters, $\\eta$, are calculated for both synthetic multifractal\nrough surfaces. Our results show that for both mentioned classes, hyperscaling\nrelations for contour loops are the same as that of monofractal systems. In\ncontrast to singular measure multifractal rough surfaces, $H^*$ plays a leading\nrole in smoothened multifractal rough surfaces. All computed geometrical\nexponents for the first class depend not only on its Hurst exponent but also on\nthe set of $p$ values. But in spite of multifractal nature of smoothened\nsurfaces (second class), the corresponding geometrical exponents are controlled\nby $H^*$, the same as what happens for monofractal rough surfaces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Direct observation of irrotational flow and evidence of superfluidity in\n  a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate: We observed the expansion of vortex-free Bose-condensates after their sudden\nrelease from a slowly rotating anisotropic trap. Our results show clear\nexperimental evidence of the irrotational flow expected for a superfluid. The\nexpansion from a rotating trap has strong features associated with the\nsuperfluid nature of a Bose-condensate, namely that the condensate cannot at\nany point be cylindrically symmetric with respect to the axis of rotation since\nsuch a wavefunction cannot possess angular momentum. Consequently, an initially\nrotating condensate expands in a distinctively different way to one released\nfrom a static trap. We report measurements of this phenomenon in absorption\nimages of the condensate taken along the direction of the rotation axis.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear Sigma Model for a Condensate Composed of Fermionic Atoms: A nonlinear sigma model is derived for the time development of a\nBose-Einstein condensate composed of fermionic atoms. Spontaneous symmetry\nbreaking of a Sp(2) symmetry in a coherent state path integral with\nanticommuting fields yields Goldstone bosons in a Sp(2)\\U(2) coset space. After\na Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation from the anticommuting fields to a local\nself-energy matrix with anomalous terms, the assumed short-ranged attractive\ninteraction reduces this symmetry to a SO(4)\\U(2) coset space with only one\ncomplex Goldstone field for the singlett pairs of fermions. This bosonic field\nfor the anomalous term of fermions is separated in a gradient expansion from\nthe density terms. The U(2) invariant density terms are considered as a\nbackground field or unchanged interacting Fermi sea in the spontaneous symmetry\nbreaking of the SO(4) invariant action and appear as coefficients of\ncorrelation functions in the nonlinear sigma model for the Goldstone boson. The\ntime development of the condensate composed of fermionic atoms results in a\nmodified Sine-Gordon equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density Functional Theory for the Electron Gas and for Jellium: Density Functional Theory relies on universal functionals characteristic of a\ngiven system. Those functionals in general are different for the electron gas\nand for jellium (electron gas with uniform background). However, jellium is\nfrequently used to construct approximate functionals for the electron gas\n(e.g., local density approximation, gradient expansions). The precise\nrelationship of the exact functionals for the two systems is addressed here. In\nparticular, it is shown that the exchange - correlation functionals for the\ninhomogeneous electron gas and inhomogeneous jellium are the same. This\njustifies theoretical and quantum Monte Carlo simulation studies of jellium to\nguide the construction of functionals for the electron gas. Related issues of\nthe thermodynamic limit are noted as well.",
        "positive": "Microscopic thermal machines using run-and-tumble particles: Microscopic thermal machines that are of the dimensions of around few hundred\nnanometers have been the subject of intense study over the last two decades.\nRecently, it has been shown that the efficiency of such thermal engines can be\nenhanced by using active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles (AOUP). In this work, we\nnumerically study the behaviour of tiny engines and refrigerators that use an\nactive run-and-tumble particle (RTP) as the working system. We find that the\nresults for the engine mode are in sharp contrast with those of engines using\nAOUP, thus showing that the nature of activity has a strong influence on the\nqualitative behaviours of thermal machines for nonequilibrium cycles. The\nefficiency of an engine using a run-and-tumble particle is found to be smaller\nin general than a passive microscopic engine. However, when the applied\nprotocol is time-reversed, the resulting microscopic refrigerator can have a\nmuch higher coefficient of performance under these conditions. The effect of\nvariation of different parameters of the coefficient of performance has been\nexplored. A non-monotonic variation of coefficient of performance with active\nforce has been found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Direct observation of large temperature fluctuations during DNA thermal\n  denaturation: In this paper we report direct measurement of large low frequency temperature\nfluctuations in double stranded (ds) DNA when it undergoes thermal denaturation\ntransition. The fluctuation, which occurs only in the temperature range where\nthe denaturation occurs, is several orders more than the expected equilibrium\nfluctuation. It is absent in single stranded (ss) DNA of the same sequence. The\nfluctuation at a given temperature also depends on the wait time and vanishes\nin a scale of few hours. It is suggested that the large fluctuation occurs due\nto coexisting denaturated and closed base pairs that are in dynamic equilibrium\ndue to transition through a potential barrier in the scale of\n25-30k_{B}T_{0}(T_{0}=300K).",
        "positive": "Fluctuations of composite observables and stability of statistical\n  systems: Thermodynamic stability of statistical systems requires that susceptibilities\nbe semipositive and finite. Susceptibilities are known to be related to the\nfluctuations of extensive observable quantities. This relation becomes\nnontrivial, when the operator of an observable quantity is represented as a sum\nof operators corresponding to the extensive system parts. The association of\nthe dispersions of the partial operator terms with the total dispersion is\nanalyzed. A special attention is paid to the dependence of dispersions on the\ntotal number of particles N in the thermodynamic limit. An operator dispersion\nis called thermodynamically normal, if it is proportional to N at large values\nof the latter. While, if the dispersion is proportional to a higher power of N,\nit is termed thermodynamically anomalous. The following theorem is proved: The\nglobal dispersion of a composite operator, which is a sum of linearly\nindependent self-adjoint terms, is thermodynamically anomalous if and only if\nat least one of the partial dispersions is anomalous, the power of N in the\nglobal dispersion being defined by the largest partial dispersion. Conversely,\nthe global dispersion is thermodynamically normal if and only if all partial\ndispersions are normal. The application of the theorem is illustrated by\nseveral examples of statistical systems. The notion of representative ensembles\nis formulated. The relation between the stability and equivalence of\nstatistical ensembles is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat Conduction, and the Lack Thereof, in Time-Reversible Dynamical\n  Systems: Generalized Nos\u00e9-Hoover Oscillators with a Temperature Gradient: We use nonequilibrium molecular dynamics to analyze and illustrate the\nqualitative differences between the one-thermostat and two-thermostat versions\nof equilibrium and nonequilibrium (heat-conducting) harmonic oscillators.\nConservative nonconducting regions can coexist with dissipative heat conducting\nregions in phase space with exactly the same imposed temperature field.",
        "positive": "Speculative trading: the price multiplier effect: During a speculative episode the price of an item jumps from an initial level\np_1 to a peak level p_2 before more or less returning to level p_1. The ratio\np_2/p_1 is referred to as the amplitude A of the peak. This paper shows that\nfor a given market the peak amplitude is a linear function of the logarithm of\nthe price at the beginning of the speculative episode; with p_1 expressed in\n1999 euros the relationship takes the form:\n  $ A=a\\ln p_1 +b $; the values of the parameter a turn out to be relatively\nindependent of the market considered: $ a \\simeq 0.5 $, the values of the\nparameter b are more market-dependent, but are stable in the course of time for\na given market. This relationship suggests that the higher the stakes the more\n\"bullish\" the market becomes. Possible mechanisms of this \"risk affinity\"\neffect are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Order-by-Disorder in the XY Pyrochlore Antiferromagnet Revisited: We investigate the properties of the XY pyrochlore antiferromagnet with local\n<111> planar anisotropy. We find the ground states and show that the\nconfigurational ground state entropy is subextensive. By computing the free\nenergy due to harmonic fluctuations and by carrying out Monte Carlo\nsimulations, we confirm earlier work indicating that the model exhibits thermal\norder-by-disorder leading to low temperature long-range order consisting of\ndiscrete magnetic domains. We compute the spin wave spectrum and show that\nthermal and quantum fluctuations select the same magnetic structure. Using\nMonte Carlo simulations, we find that the state selected by thermal\nfluctuations in this XY pyrochlore antiferromagnet can survive the addition of\nsufficiently weak nearest-neighbor pseudo-dipolar interactions to the spin\nHamiltonian. We discuss our results in relation to the Er2Ti2O7 pyrochlore\nantiferromagnet.",
        "positive": "Reduced density matrix hybrid approach: An efficient and accurate method\n  for adiabatic and non-adiabatic quantum dynamics: We present a new approach to calculate real-time quantum dynamics in complex\nsystems. The formalism is based on the partitioning of a system's environment\ninto \"core\" and \"reservoir\" modes, with the former to be treated quantum\nmechanically and the latter classically. The presented method only requires the\ncalculation of the system's reduced density matrix averaged over the quantum\ncore degrees of freedom which is then coupled to a classically evolved\nreservoir to treat the remaining modes. We demonstrate our approach by applying\nit to the spin-boson problem using the noninteracting blip approximation to\ntreat the system and core, and Ehrenfest dynamics to treat the reservoir. The\nresulting hybrid methodology is accurate for both fast and slow baths, since it\nnaturally reduces to its composite methods in their respective regimes of\nvalidity. In addition, our combined method is shown to yield good results in\nintermediate regimes where neither approximation alone is accurate and to\nperform equally well for both strong and weak system-bath coupling. Our\napproach therefore provides an accurate and efficient methodology for\ncalculating quantum dynamics in complex systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tricritical directed percolation: We consider a modification of the contact process incorporating higher-order\nreaction terms. The original contact process exhibits a non-equilibrium phase\ntransition belonging to the universality class of directed percolation. The\nincorporated higher-order reaction terms lead to a non-trivial phase diagram.\nIn particular, a line of continuous phase transitions is separated by a\ntricritical point from a line of discontinuous phase transitions. The\ncorresponding tricritical scaling behavior is analyzed in detail, i.e., we\ndetermine the critical exponents, various universal scaling functions as well\nas universal amplitude combinations.",
        "positive": "Theory of Perturbations with a Strong Interaction: This is one of the two papers where the optimized perturbation theory was\nfirst formulated. The other paper is published in Theor. Math. Phys. 28,\n652--660 (1976). The main idea of the theory is to reorganize the perturbative\nsequence by introducing control functions, defined by optimization conditions,\nso that the reorganized approximation sequence be convergent. In the present\npaper, the theory of perturbations is suggested for statistical systems in the\nabsence of small interaction parameters. A new form is advanced for\nself-consistent conditions defining the optimal parameters for trial Green\nfunctions in iterating nonlinear propagator equations. Superharmonic,\nsemiharmonic, and pseudoharmonic approximations for a molecular crystal are\nconsidered as examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation of the Phase in an Inhomogeneous Bose Gas: An effective action is obtained of a Bose gas in the bulk separated into two\nregions by a strong external potential depending on the single coordinate. The\nmain attention is focused on the relaxation of the difference between phases of\nthe weakly coupling condensates of the different bulk domains separated from\neach other by the external potential.",
        "positive": "Power Spectra of a Constrained Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion\n  Process: To synthesize proteins in a cell, an mRNA has to work with a finite pool of\nribosomes. When this constraint is included in the modeling by a totally\nasymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP), non-trivial consequences emerge.\nHere, we consider its effects on the power spectrum of the total occupancy,\nthrough Monte Carlo simulations and analytical methods. New features, such as\ndramatic suppressions at low frequencies, are discovered. We formulate a theory\nbased on a linearized Langevin equation with discrete space and time. The good\nagreement between its predictions and simulation results provides some insight\ninto the effects of finite resoures on a TASEP."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stretch diffusion and heat conduction in 1D nonlinear lattices: In the study of 1D nonlinear Hamiltonian lattices, the conserved quantities\nplay an important role in determining the actual behavior of heat conduction.\nBesides the total energy, total momentum and total stretch could also be\nconserved quantities. In microcanonical Hamiltonian dynamics, the total energy\nis always conserved. It was recently argued by Das and Dhar that whenever\nstretch (momentum) is not conserved in a 1D model, the momentum (stretch) and\nenergy fields exhibit normal diffusion. In this work, we will systematically\ninvestigate the stretch diffusions for typical 1D nonlinear lattices. No clear\nconnection between the conserved quantities and heat conduction can be\nestablished. The actual situation is more complicated than what Das and Dhar\nclaimed.",
        "positive": "Sound waves and the absence of Galilean invariance in flocks: We study a model of flocking for a very large system (N=320,000) numerically.\nWe find that in the long wavelength, long time limit, the fluctuations of the\nvelocity and density fields are carried by propagating sound modes, whose\ndispersion and damping agree quantitatively with the predictions of our\nprevious work using a continuum equation. We find that the sound velocity is\nanisotropic and characterized by its speed $c$ for propagation perpendicular to\nthe mean velocity $<\\vec{v}>$, $<\\vec{v}>$ itself, and a third velocity\n$\\lambda <\\vec{v}>$, arising explicitly from the lack of Galilean invariance in\nflocks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal behavior for single-file diffusion on a disordered fractal: We study single-file diffusion on a one-dimensional lattice with a random\nfractal distribution of hopping rates. For finite lattices, this problem shows\nthree clearly different regimes, namely, nearly independent particles, highly\ninteracting particles, and saturation. The mean-square displacement of a tagged\nparticle as a function of time follows a power law in each regime. The first\ncrossover time $t_s$, between the first and the second regime, depends on the\nparticle density. The other crossover time $t_l$, between the second and the\nthird regime, depends on the lattice length. We find analytic expressions for\nthese dependencies and show how the general behavior can be characterized by an\nuniversal form. We also show that the mean-square displacement of the center of\nmass presents two regimes; anomalous diffusion for times shorter than $t_l$,\nand normal diffusion for times longer than $t_l$. We study single-file\ndiffusion on a one-dimensional lattice with a random fractal distribution of\nhopping rates. For finite lattices, this problem shows three clearly different\nregimes, namely, nearly independent particles, highly interacting particles,\nand saturation. The mean-square displacement of a tagged particle as a function\nof time follows a power law in each regime. The first crossover time $t_s$,\nbetween the first and the second regime, depends on the particle density. The\nother crossover time $t_l$, between the second and the third regime, depends on\nthe lattice length. We find analytic expressions for these dependencies and\nshow how the general behavior can be characterized by an universal form. We\nalso show that the mean-square displacement of the center of mass presents two\nregimes; anomalous diffusion for times shorter than $t_l$, and normal diffusion\nfor times longer than $t_l$.",
        "positive": "Driven Diffusive Systems with Disorder: We discuss recent work on the static and dynamical properties of the\nasymmetric exclusion process, generalized to include the effect of disorder. We\nstudy in turn: random disorder in the properties of particles; disorder in the\nspatial distribution of transition rates, both with a single easy direction and\nwith random reversals of the easy direction; dynamical disorder, where\nparticles move in a disordered landscape which itself evolves in time. In every\ncase, the system exhibits phase separation; in some cases, it is of an unusual\nsort. The time-dependent properties of density fluctuations are in accord with\nthe kinematic wave criterion that the dynamical universality class is\nunaffected by disorder if the kinematic wave velocity is nonzero."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Explicit Construction of Local Conserved Quantities in the XYZ Spin-1/2\n  Chain: We present a rigorous explicit expression for an extensive number of local\nconserved quantities in the XYZ spin-1/2 chain with general coupling constants.\nAll the coefficients of operators in each local conserved quantity are\ncalculated. We also confirm that our result can be applied to the case of the\nXXZ chain with a magnetic field in the z-axis direction.",
        "positive": "Effect of shape asymmetry on percolation of aligned and overlapping\n  objects on lattices: We investigate the percolation transition of aligned, overlapping,\nnon-symmetrical shapes on lattices. Using the recently proposed lattice version\nof excluded volume theory, we show that shape-asymmetry leads to some\nintriguing consequences regarding the percolation behavior of asymmetric\nshapes. We consider a prototypical asymmetric shape - rectangle - on a square\nlattice and show that for rectangles of width unity (sticks), the percolation\nthreshold is a monotonically decreasing function of the stick length, whereas,\nfor rectangles of width greater than two, it is a monotonically increasing\nfunction. Interestingly, for rectangles of width two, the percolation threshold\nis independent of its length. The limiting case of the length of the rectangles\ngoing to infinity shows that the limiting threshold value is finite and depends\nupon the width of the rectangle. Unlike the case of symmetrical shapes like\nsquares, there seems to be no continuum percolation problem that corresponds to\nthis limit. We show that similar results hold for other asymmetric shapes and\nlattices. The critical properties of the aligned and overlapping rectangles are\nevaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. We find that the threshold values\ngiven by the lattice-excluded volume theory are in good agreement with the\nsimulation results, especially for larger rectangles. We verify the isotropy of\nthe percolation threshold and also compare our results with models where\nrectangles of mixed orientation are allowed. Our simulation results show that\nalignment increases the percolation threshold. The calculation of critical\nexponents places the model in the standard percolation universality class. Our\nresults show that shape-anisotropy of the aligned, overlapping percolating\nunits has a marked influence on the percolation properties, especially when a\nsubset of the dimensions of the percolation units are made to diverge."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spherical Model in a Random Field: We investigate the properties of the Gibbs states and thermodynamic\nobservables of the spherical model in a random field. We show that on the\nlow-temperature critical line the magnetization of the model is not a\nself-averaging observable, but it self-averages conditionally. We also show\nthat an arbitrarily weak homogeneous boundary field dominates over fluctuations\nof the random field once the model transits into a ferromagnetic phase. As a\nresult, a homogeneous boundary field restores the conventional self-averaging\nof thermodynamic observables, like the magnetization and the susceptibility. We\nalso investigate the effective field created at the sites of the lattice by the\nrandom field, and show that at the critical temperature of the spherical model\nthe effective field undergoes a transition into a phase with long-range\ncorrelations $\\sim r^{4-d}$.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Potential Switching Algorithm for Monte Carlo Simulations of\n  Complex Systems: This paper describes a new Monte Carlo method based on a novel stochastic\npotential switching algorithm. This algorithm enables the equilibrium\nproperties of a system with potential $V$ to be computed using a Monte Carlo\nsimulation for a system with a possibly less complex stochastically altered\npotential $\\tilde V$. By proper choices of the stochastic switching and\ntransition probabilities, it is shown that detailed balance can be strictly\nmaintained with respect to the original potential $V$. The validity of the\nmethod is illustrated with a simple one-dimensional example. The method is then\ngeneralized to multidimensional systems with any additive potential, providing\na framework for the design of more efficient algorithms to simulate complex\nsystems. A near-critical Lennard-Jones fluid with more than 20000 particles is\nused to illustrate the method. The new algorithm produced a much smaller\ndynamic scaling exponent compared to the Metropolis method and improved\nsampling efficiency by over an order of magnitude."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological defects in two-dimensional crystals: By using topological current theory, we study the inner topological structure\nof the topological defects in two-dimensional (2D) crystal. We find that there\nare two elementary point defects topological current in two-dimensional\ncrystal, one for dislocations and the other for disclinations. The topological\nquantization and evolution of topological defects in two-dimensional crystals\nare discussed. Finally, We compare our theory with Brownian-dynamics\nsimulations in 2D Yukawa systems.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of nonadditive systems: The usual formulation of thermodynamics is based on the additivity of\nmacroscopic systems. However, there are numerous examples of macroscopic\nsystems that are not additive, due to the long-range character of the\ninteraction among the constituents. We present here an approach in which\nnonadditive systems can be described within a purely thermodynamics formalism.\nThe basic concept is to consider a large ensemble of replicas of the system\nwhere the standard formulation of thermodynamics can be naturally applied and\nthe properties of a single system can be consequently inferred. After\npresenting the approach, we show its implementation in systems where the\ninteraction decays as $1/r^\\alpha$ in the interparticle distance $r$, with\n$\\alpha$ smaller than the embedding dimension $d$, and in the Thirring model\nfor gravitational systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal sampling of dynamical large deviations via matrix product states: The large deviation (LD) statistics of dynamical observables is encoded in\nthe spectral properties of deformed Markov generators. Recent works have shown\nthat tensor network methods are well suited to compute the relevant leading\neigenvalues and eigenvectors accurately. However, the efficient generation of\nthe corresponding rare trajectories is a harder task. Here we show how to\nexploit the MPS approximation of the dominant eigenvector to implement an\nefficient sampling scheme which closely resembles the optimal (so-called\n\"Doob\") dynamics that realises the rare events. We demonstrate our approach on\nthree well-studied lattice models, the Fredrickson-Andersen and East\nkinetically constrained models (KCMs), and the symmetric simple exclusion\nprocess (SSEP). We discuss how to generalise our approach to higher dimensions.",
        "positive": "Double Lynden-Bell Structure of Low-Energy Quasi-Stationary\n  Distributions in the Hamiltonian Mean-Field Model: In the Hamiltonian mean-field model, we study the core-halo structure of\nlow-energy quasi-stationary states under unsteady water-bag type initial\nconditions. The core-halo structure results in the superposition of two\nindependent Lynden-Bell distributions. We examine the completeness of the\nLynden-Bell relaxation and the relaxation between these two Lynden-Bell\ndistributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Models of fragmentation with power law log-normal distributions: Two models of binary fragmentation are introduced in which a time dependent\ntransition size produces two regions of fragment sizes above and below the\ntransition size. In the models we consider a fixed rate of fragmentation for\nthe largest fragment and two different rates of fragmentation for the two\nregions of sizes above and below the transition size. The models are solved\nexactly in the long time limit to reveal stable time-invariant solutions for\nthe fragment size distributions. A rate of fragmentation proportional to the\ninverse of fragment size in the smaller size region produces a power law\ndistribution in that region. A rate of fragmentation combined of two terms, one\nproportional to the inverse of the fragment size and the other proportional to\na logarithmic function of the fragment size, in the larger size region produces\na log-normal distribution in that region. Special cases of the models with no\nfragmentation for the smaller fragments are also considered. The similarities\nbetween the stable distributions in our models and power law log-normal\ndistributions from experimental work on shock fragmentation of long thin glass\nrods and rupture of mercury droplets are investigated.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo Chord Length Sampling for $d$-dimensional Markov binary\n  mixtures: The Chord Length Sampling (CLS) algorithm is a powerful Monte Carlo method\nthat models the effects of stochastic media on particle transport by generating\non-the-fly the material interfaces seen by the random walkers during their\ntrajectories. This annealed disorder approach, which formally consists of\nsolving the approximate Levermore-Pomraning equations for linear particle\ntransport, enables a considerable speed-up with respect to transport in\nquenched disorder, where ensemble-averaging of the Boltzmann equation with\nrespect to all possible realizations is needed. However, CLS intrinsically\nneglects the correlations induced by the spatial disorder, so that the accuracy\nof the solutions obtained by using this algorithm must be carefully verified\nwith respect to reference solutions based on quenched disorder realizations.\nWhen the disorder is described by Markov mixing statistics, such comparisons\nhave been attempted so far only for one-dimensional geometries, of the rod or\nslab type. In this work we extend these results to Markov media in\ntwo-dimensional (extruded) and three-dimensional geometries, by revisiting the\nclassical set of benchmark configurations originally proposed by Adams, Larsen\nand Pomraning, and extended by Brantley. In particular, we examine the\ndiscrepancies between CLS and reference solutions for scalar particle flux and\ntransmission/reflection coefficients as a function of the material properties\nof the benchmark specifications and of the system dimensionality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic mechanism for experimentally observed anomalous elasticity\n  of DNA in 2D: By exploring a recent model [Palmeri, J., M. Manghi, and N. Destainville.\n2007. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99:088103] where DNA bending elasticity, described by\nthe wormlike chain model, is coupled to base-pair denaturation, we demonstrate\nthat small denaturation bubbles lead to anomalies in the flexibility of DNA at\nthe nanometric scale, when confined in two dimensions (2D), as reported in\natomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments [Wiggins, P. A., et al. 2006. Nature\nNanotech. 1:137-141]. Our model yields very good fits to experimental data and\nquantitative predictions that can be tested experimentally. Although such\nanomalies exist when DNA fluctuates freely in three dimensions (3D), they are\ntoo weak to be detected. Interactions between bases in the helical\ndouble-stranded DNA are modified by electrostatic adsorption on a 2D substrate,\nwhich facilitates local denaturation. This work reconciles the apparent\ndiscrepancy between observed 2D and 3D DNA elastic properties and points out\nthat conclusions about the 3D properties of DNA (and its companion proteins and\nenzymes) do not directly follow from 2D experiments by AFM.",
        "positive": "Daemon computers versus clairvoyant computers: A pure theoretical\n  viewpoint towards energy consumption of computing: Energy consumption of computing has found increasing prominence but the area\nstill suffers from the lack of a consolidated formal theory. In this paper, a\ntheory for the energy consumption of computing is structured as an axiomatic\nsystem. The work is pure theoretical, involving theorem proving and\nmathematical reasoning. It is also interdisciplinary, so that while it targets\ncomputing, it involves theoretical physics (thermodynamics and statistical\nmechanics) and information theory. The theory does not contradict existing\ntheories in theoretical physics and conforms to them as indeed it adopts its\naxioms from them. Nevertheless, the theory leads to interesting and important\nconclusions that have not been discussed in previous work. Some of them are:\n(i) Landauer's principle is shown to be a provable theorem provided that a\nprecondition, named macroscopic determinism, holds. (ii) It is proved that real\nrandomness (not pseudo randomness) can be used in computing in conjunction with\nor as an alternative to reversibility to achieve more energy saving. (iii) The\ntheory propounds the concept that computers that use real randomness may\napparently challenge the second law of thermodynamics. These are computational\ncounterpart to Maxwell's daemon in thermodynamics and hence are named daemon\ncomputers. (iv) It is proved that if we do not accept the existence of daemon\ncomputers (to conform to the second law of thermodynamics), another type of\ncomputers, named clairvoyant computers, must exist that can gain information\nabout other physical systems through real randomness. This theorem probably\nprovides a theoretical explanation for strange observations about real\nrandomness made in the global consciousness project at Princeton University."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal linear Kawasaki model: The Kawasaki model is not exactly solvable as any choice of the exchange rate\n($w_{jj'}$) which satisfies the detailed balance condition is highly nonlinear.\nIn this work we address the issue of writing $w_{jj'}$ in a best possible\nlinear form such that the mean squared error in satisfying the detailed balance\ncondition is least. In the continuum limit, our approach leads to a\nCahn-Hilliard equation of conservative dynamics. The work presented in this\npaper will help us anticipate how the conservative dynamics of an arbitrary\nIsing system depends on the temperature and the coupling constants. In\nparticular, for two and three dimensional systems, the critical temperatures\nestimated in our work are in good agreement with the actual values. We also\ncalculate the dynamic and some of the critical exponents of the model.",
        "positive": "Mass fluctuations in Random Average Transfer Process in open set-up: We define a new mass transport model on a one-dimensional lattice of size $N$\nwith continuous masses at each site. The lattice is connected to mass\nreservoirs of different `chemical potentials' at the two ends. The mass\ntransfer dynamics in the bulk is equivalent to the dynamics of the gaps between\nparticles in the Random Average Process. In the non-equilibrium steady state,\nwe find that the multi-site arbitrary order cumulants of the masses can be\nexpressed as an expansion in powers of $1/N$ where at each order the cumulants\nhave a scaling form. We introduce a novel operator approach which allows us to\ncompute these scaling functions at different orders of $1/N$. Moreover, this\napproach reveals that, to express the scaling functions for higher order\ncumulants completely one requires all lower order multi-site cumulants. This is\nin contrast to the Wick's theorem in which all higher order cumulants are\nexpressed solely in terms of two-site cumulants. We support our results with\nevidence from Monte-Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning for high-dimensional\n  nonequilibrium control: Experimental advances enabling high-resolution external control create new\nopportunities to produce materials with exotic properties. In this work, we\ninvestigate how a multi-agent reinforcement learning approach can be used to\ndesign external control protocols for self-assembly. We find that a fully\ndecentralized approach performs remarkably well even with a \"coarse\" level of\nexternal control. More importantly, we see that a partially decentralized\napproach, where we include information about the local environment allows us to\nbetter control our system towards some target distribution. We explain this by\nanalyzing our approach as a partially-observed Markov decision process. With a\npartially decentralized approach, the agent is able to act more presciently,\nboth by preventing the formation of undesirable structures and by better\nstabilizing target structures as compared to a fully decentralized approach.",
        "positive": "Precise estimates of bounds on relative operator entropies: Recently, Zou obtained the generalized results on the bounds for Tsallis\nrelative operator entropy. In this short paper, we give precise bounds for\nTsallis relative operator entropy. We also give precise bounds of relative\noperator entropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Identifying universality classes of absorbing phase transitions by block\n  renormalization: We propose a renormalization scheme that can be used as a reliable method to\nidentify universality classes of absorbing phase transitions. Following the\nspirit of Wilson's block-spin renormalization group, the lattice is divided\ninto blocks, assigning to them an effective state by a suitable Boolean\nfunction of the interior degrees of freedom. The effective states of adjacent\nblocks form certain patterns which are shown to occur with universal\nprobability ratios if the underlying process is critical. Measuring these\nprobability ratios in the limit of large block sizes one obtains a set of\nuniversal numbers as an individual fingerprint for each universality class.",
        "positive": "Random matrix analysis of network Laplacians: We analyze eigenvalues fluctuations of the Laplacian of various networks\nunder the random matrix theory framework. Analyses of random networks,\nscale-free networks and small-world networks show that nearest neighbor spacing\ndistribution of the Laplacian of these networks follow Gaussian orthogonal\nensemble statistics of random matrix theory. Furthermore, we study nearest\nneighbor spacing distribution as a function of the random connections and find\nthat transition to the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble statistics occurs at the\nsmall-world transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards lattice-gas description of low-temperature properties above the\n  Haldane and cluster-based Haldane ground states of a mixed spin-(1,1/2)\n  Heisenberg octahedral chain: The rich ground-state phase diagram of the mixed spin-(1,1/2) Heisenberg\noctahedral chain was previously elaborated from effective mixed-spin Heisenberg\nchains, which were derived by employing a local conservation of a total spin on\nsquare plaquettes of an octahedral chain. Here we present a comprehensive\nanalysis of the thermodynamic properties of this model. In the highly\nfrustrated parameter region the lowest-energy eigenstates of the mixed-spin\nHeisenberg octahedral chain belong to flat bands, which allow a precise\ndescription of low-temperature magnetic properties within the localized-magnon\napproach exploiting a classical lattice-gas model of hard-core monomers. The\npresent article provides a more comprehensive version of the localized-magnon\napproach, which extends the range of its validity down to a less frustrated\nparameter region involving the Haldane and cluster-based Haldane ground states.\nA comparison between results of the developed localized-magnon theory and\naccurate numerical methods such as full exact diagonalization and\nfinite-temperature Lanczos technique convincingly evidence that the\nlow-temperature magnetic properties above the Haldane and the cluster-based\nHaldane ground states can be extracted from a classical lattice-gas model of\nhard-core monomers and dimers, which is additionally supplemented by a\nhard-core particle spanned over the whole lattice representing the gapped\nHaldane phase.",
        "positive": "Generalized Gibbs Ensemble and string-charge relations in nested Bethe\n  Ansatz: The non-equilibrium steady states of integrable models are believed to be\ndescribed by the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE), which involves all local and\nquasi-local conserved charges of the model. In this work we investigate\nintegrable lattice models solvable by the nested Bethe Ansatz, with group\nsymmetry $SU(N)$, $N\\ge 3$. In these models the Bethe Ansatz involves various\ntypes of Bethe rapidities corresponding to the \"nesting\" procedure, describing\nthe internal degrees of freedom for the excitations. We show that a complete\nset of charges for the GGE can be obtained from the known fusion hierarchy of\ntransfer matrices. The resulting charges are quasi-local in a certain regime in\nrapidity space, and they completely fix the rapidity distributions of each\nstring type from each nesting level."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Focus on some Nonequilibrium Issues: A mathematical framework for the physics of nonequilibrium phenomena is\ngradually being developed. This review is meant to shed light on some aspects\nof Response Theory, on the theory of Fluctuation Relations, on the so-called\n\"t-mixing\" condition, and on the use of Large Deviation techniques in the\ndescription of stochastic diffusion processes.",
        "positive": "Phase Transition in Two Species Zero-Range Process: We study a zero-range process with two species of interacting particles. We\nshow that the steady state assumes a simple factorised form, provided the\ndynamics satisfy certain conditions, which we derive. The steady state exhibits\na new mechanism of condensation transition wherein one species induces the\ncondensation of the other. We study this mechanism for a specific choice of\ndynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Intrinsic vulnerabilities to mechanical failure in nanoscale films: We use molecular simulations to explore how sample dimensions and interfacial\nproperties impact some generic aspects of the mechanical and structural\nbehavior of nanoconfined materials. Specifically, we calculate the\nstrain-dependent properties of minimum-energy thin-film particle configurations\n(i.e., inherent structures) confined between attractive, parallel substrates.\nWe examine how the relationship between the transverse strain and the stress\ntensor (the equation of state of the energy landscape) depends on the\nproperties of the film and substrate. We find that both film thickness and\nfilm-substrate attractions influence not only the mechanical properties of thin\nfilms, but also the shape and location of the \"weak spots\" where voids\npreferentially form in a film as it is strained beyond its point of maximum\ntensile stress. The sensitivity of weak spots to film properties suggests that\nnanoscale materials may be intrinsically vulnerabile to specific mechanisms of\nmechanical failure.",
        "positive": "Partially Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Model in the Presence of an\n  Impurity on a Ring: We study a generalized two-species model on a ring. The original model [1]\ndescribes ordinary particles hopping exclusively in one direction in the\npresence of an impurity. The impurity hops with a rate different from that of\nordinary particles and can be overtaken by them. Here we let the ordinary\nparticles hop also backward with the rate q. Using Matrix Product Ansatz (MPA),\nwe obtain the relevant quadratic algebra. A finite dimensional representation\nof this algebra enables us to compute the stationary bulk density of the\nordinary particles, as well as the speed of impurity on a set of special\nsurfaces of the parameter space. We will obtain the phase structure of this\nmodel in the accessible region and show how the phase structure of the original\nmodel is modified. In the infinite-volume limit this model presents a shock in\none of its phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Order-disorder transition in a two-dimensional associating lattice gas: We study an associating lattice gas (ALG) using Monte Carlo simulation and\nsolutions on Husimi lattices. In this model, the molecules have an\norientational degree of freedom and the interactions depend on the relative\norientations of nearest-neighbor molecules. We focus on the transition between\nthe high-density liquid (HDL) phase and the isotropic gas phase in the limit of\nfull occupancy ($\\mu \\to \\infty$). Simulation results show a continuous phase\ntransition at $\\tau_c=k_BT_c/\\gamma=0.4763(1)$ (where $-\\gamma$ is the bond\nenergy) between the low-temperature HDL phase, with a non-vanishing mean\norientation of the molecules, and the high-temperature isotropic phase. Results\nfor critical exponents and the Binder cumulant indicate that the transition\nbelongs to the three-state Potts model universality class, even though the ALG\nHamiltonian does not have the full permutation symmetry of the Potts model. In\ncontrast with simulation, the Husimi lattice results furnish a discontinuous\nphase transition, characterized by a discontinuity of the nematic order\nparameter. The transition temperatures ($\\tau_c=0.51403$ and $0.51207$ for\ntrees built with triangles and hexagons, respectively) are slightly higher than\nthe one found via simulation. Since the Husimi lattice studies show that the\nALG phase diagram features a discontinuous gas-HDL line for finite $\\mu$, three\npossible scenarios arise. The first is that in the limit $\\mu \\to \\infty$ the\nfirst-order line ends in a critical point; the second is a change in the nature\nof the transition at some finite chemical potential; the third is that the\nentire line is one of continuous phase transitions. Results from other ALG\nmodels and the fact that mean-field approximations show a discontinuous phase\ntransition for the three-state Potts model (known to possess a continuous\ntransition) lends some weight to the third alternative.",
        "positive": "Hamiltonian Memory: An Erasable Classical Bit: Computations implemented on a physical system are fundamentally limited by\nthe laws of physics. A prominent example for a physical law that bounds\ncomputations is the Landauer principle. According to this principle, erasing a\nbit of information requires a concentration of probability in phase space,\nwhich by Liouville's theorem is impossible in pure Hamiltonian dynamics. It\ntherefore requires dissipative dynamics with heat dissipation of at least\n$k_BT\\log 2$ per erasure of one bit. Using a concrete example, we show that\nwhen the dynamic is confined to a single energy shell it is possible to\nconcentrate the probability on this shell using Hamiltonian dynamic, and\ntherefore to implement an erasable bit with no thermodynamic cost."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Diagram and Conformal String Excitations of Square Ice using Gauge\n  Invariant Matrix Product States: We investigate the ground state phase diagram of square ice -- a U(1) lattice\ngauge theory in two spatial dimensions -- using gauge invariant tensor network\ntechniques. By correlation function, Wilson loop, and entanglement diagnostics,\nwe characterize its phases and the transitions between them, finding good\nagreement with previous studies. We study the entanglement properties of string\nexcitations on top of the ground state, and provide direct evidence of the fact\nthat the latter are described by a conformal field theory. Our results pave the\nway to the application of tensor network methods to confining, two-dimensional\nlattice gauge theories, to investigate their phase diagrams and low-lying\nexcitations.",
        "positive": "Ballistic Dynamics of Flexural Thermal Movements in a Nano-membrane\n  Revealed with Subatomic Resolution: Flexural oscillations of free-standing films, nano-membranes and nano-wires\nare attracting growing attention for their importance to the thermal,\nelectrical and mechanical properties of 2D materials. Here we report on the\nobservation of short-timescale ballistic motion in the flexural mode of a\nnano-membrane cantilever, driven by thermal fluctuation of flexural phonons,\nincluding measurements of ballistic velocities and displacements performed with\nsub-atomic resolution, using a new free electron edge-scattering technique.\nWithin intervals <10 {\\mu}s, the membrane moves ballistically at a constant\nvelocity, typically ~300 {\\mu}m/s, while Brownian-like dynamics emerge for\nlonger observation periods. Access to the ballistic regime provides\nverification of the equipartition theorem and Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics for\nflexural modes, and can be used in fast thermometry and mass sensing during\natomic absorption/desorption processes on the membrane. We argue that the\nballistic regime should be accounted for in understanding the electrical,\noptical, thermal and mechanical properties of 2D materials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rainbow Nambu-Goldstone modes under a shear flow: We study an $O(N)$ scalar model under shear flow and its Nambu-Goldstone\nmodes associated with spontaneous symmetry breaking $O(N) \\to O(N-1)$. We find\nthat the Nambu-Goldstone mode splits into an infinite number of gapless modes,\nwhich we call the rainbow Nambu-Goldstone modes. They have different group\nvelocities and the fractional dispersion relation $\\omega \\sim k_1^{2/3}$,\nwhere $k_1$ is the wavenumber along the flow. Such behaviors do not have\ncounterparts in an equilibrium state.",
        "positive": "Some Bounds upon Nonextensivity Parameter Using the Appropriate\n  Generalized Distribution Functions: In this study, approximate generalized quantal distribution functions and\ntheir applications, which appeared in the literature so far, have been\nsummarized. Making use of the generalized Planck radiation law, which have been\nobtained by the authors of the present manuscript [Physica A240 (1997) 657],\nsome alternative bounds for the nonextensivity parameter $q$ has been\nestimated. It has been shown that these results are similar to those obtained\nby Tsallis et al. [Phys. Rev. E52 (1995) 1447] and by Plastino et al. [Phys.\nLett. A207 (1995) 42]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Instability of the mean-field states and generalization of phase\n  separation in long-range interacting systems: Equilibrium properties of long-range interacting systems on lattices are\ninvestigated. There was a conjecture by Cannas et. al. that the mean-field\ntheory is exact for spin systems with non-additive long-range interactions.\nThis is called \"exactness of the mean-field theory\". We show that the exactness\nof the mean-field theory holds for systems on a lattice with non-additive two\nbody long-range interactions in the canonical ensemble with non-fixed order\nparameters. We also show that in canonical ensemble with fixed order parameters\n(e.g. lattice gas model with a fixed number of particles), exactness of the\nmean-field theory does not hold in some parameter region, which we call \"non-MF\nregion\". In the non-MF region, an inhomogeneous configuration appears contrary\nto the uniform configuration in the region where the mean-field theory holds.\nThis inhomogeneous configuration is not the one given by the standard phase\nseparation. Therefore, the mean-field picture is not adequate to describe these\nstates. We discuss phase transitions between the MF region and the non-MF\nregion. Exactness of the mean-field theory in spin glasses is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless-like percolation transitions in the\n  two-dimensional XY model: We study a percolation problem on a substrate formed by two-dimensional XY\nspin configurations, using Monte Carlo methods. For a given spin configuration\nwe construct percolation clusters by randomly choosing a direction $x$ in the\nspin vector space, and then placing a percolation bond between nearest-neighbor\nsites $i$ and $j$ with probability $p_{ij} = \\max (0,1-e^{-2K s^x_i s^x_j})$,\nwhere $K > 0$ governs the percolation process. A line of percolation thresholds\n$K_{\\rm c} (J)$ is found in the low-temperature range $J \\geq J_{\\rm c}$, where\n$J > 0$ is the XY coupling strength. Analysis of the correlation function $g_p\n(r)$, defined as the probability that two sites separated by a distance $r$\nbelong to the same percolation cluster, yields algebraic decay for $K \\geq\nK_{\\rm c}(J)$, and the associated critical exponent depends on $J$ and $K$.\nAlong the threshold line $K_{\\rm c}(J)$, the scaling dimension for $g_p$ is,\nwithin numerical uncertainties, equal to $1/8$. On this basis, we conjecture\nthat the percolation transition along the $K_{\\rm c} (J)$ line is of the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The exact susceptibility of the spin-S transverse Ising chain with\n  next-nearest-neighbor interactions: The zero-field susceptibility of the spin-S transverse Ising chain with\nnext-nearest-neighbor interactions is obtained exactly. The susceptibility is\ngiven in an explicit form for S=1/2, and expressed in terms of the eigenvectors\nof the transfer matrix for general spin S. It is found that the low-temperature\nlimit is independent of spin S, and is divergent at the transition point.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic scattering and duality in the one-dimensional three-state\n  quantum Potts model on a lattice: We determine numerically the single-particle and the two-particle spectrum of\nthe three-state quantum Potts model on a lattice by using the density matrix\nrenormalization group method, and extract information on the asymptotic (small\nmomentum) S-matrix of the quasiparticles. The low energy part of the finite\nsize spectrum can be understood in terms of a simple effective model introduced\nin a previous work, and is consistent with an asymptotic S-matrix of an\nexchange form below a momentum scale $p^*$. This scale appears to vanish faster\nthan the Compton scale, $mc$, as one approaches the critical point, suggesting\nthat a dangerously irrelevant operator may be responsible for the behavior\nobserved on the lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A new treatment of fluctuation correlations near phase transition points: A general self-consistency approach allows a thorough treatment of the\ncorrections to the standard mean-field approximation (MFA). The natural\nextension of standard MFA with the help of a cumulant expansion leads to a new\npoint of view on the MF theories. The proposed approach can be used for a\nsystematic treatment of fluctuation effects of various length scales and,\nperhaps, for the development of a new coarse graining procedure. We outline and\njustify our method by some preliminary calculations. Concrete results are given\nfor the critical temperature and the Landau parameters of the theory -- the\nfield counterpart of the Ising model. An important unresolved problem of the\nmodern theory of phase transitions -- the problem for the calculation of the\ntrue critical temperature, is considered within the framework of the present\napproach.",
        "positive": "A generalized mean field theory of coarse-graining: A general mean field theory is presented for the construction of equilibrium\ncoarse grained models. Inverse methods that reconstruct microscopic models from\nlow resolution experimental data can be derived as particular implementations\nof this theory. The theory also applies to the opposite problem of reduction,\nwhere relevant information is extracted from available equilibrium ensemble\ndata. These problems are central to the construction of coarse grained\nrepresentations of complex systems, and commonly used coarse graining methods\nare derived as particular cases of the general theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Paradoxical diffusion: Discriminating between normal and anomalous\n  random walks: Commonly, normal diffusive behavior is characterized by a linear dependence\nof the second central moment on time, $< x^2(t) >\\propto t$, while anomalous\nbehavior is expected to show a different time dependence, $ < x^2(t) > \\propto\nt^{\\delta}$ with $\\delta <1$ for subdiffusive and $\\delta >1$ for\nsuperdiffusive motions. Here we demonstrate that this kind of qualification, if\napplied straightforwardly, may be misleading: There are anomalous transport\nmotions revealing perfectly \"normal\" diffusive character ($< x^2(t) >\\propto\nt$), yet being non-Markov and non-Gaussian in nature. We use recently developed\nframework \\cite[Phys. Rev. E \\textbf{75}, 056702 (2007)]{magdziarz2007b} of\nMonte Carlo simulations which incorporates anomalous diffusion statistics in\ntime and space and creates trajectories of such an extended random walk. For\nspecial choice of stability indices describing statistics of waiting times and\njump lengths, the ensemble analysis of paradoxical diffusion is shown to hide\ntemporal memory effects which can be properly detected only by examination of\nformal criteria of Markovianity (fulfillment of the Chapman-Kolmogorov\nequation).",
        "positive": "Vortex interaction on curved surfaces: The vortex-excitation energy on a sphere can be obtained by using the\nstereographic projection. By applying this method, we calculate the energy\nneeded to create a vortex on a surface with a constant negative curvature. It\nis found that the energy is a linear function of the radius of the vortex. In\naccordance with this result, the interaction energy between a pair of vortices\nis also found to change linearly with the vortex separation distance. Explicit\nvortex configurations are obtained numerically with this interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous mean-field behavior of the fully connected Ising model: Although the fully connected Ising model does not have a length scale, we\nshow that its critical exponents can be found using finite size scaling with\nthe scaling variable equal to N, the number of spins. We find that at the\ncritical temperature of the infinite system the mean value and the most\nprobable value of the magnetization scale differently with N, and the\nprobability distribution of the magnetization is not a Gaussian, even for large\nN. Similar results inconsistent with the usual understanding of mean-field\ntheory are found at the spinodal. We relate these results to the breakdown of\nhyperscaling and show how hyperscaling can be restored by increasing N while\nholding the Ginzburg parameter rather than the temperature fixed.",
        "positive": "Non-abelian statistics from an abelian model: It is well known that the abelian $Z_2$ anyonic model (toric code) can be\nrealized on a highly entangled two-dimensional spin lattice, where the anyons\nare quasiparticles located at the endpoints of string-like concatenations of\nPauli operators. Here we show that the same entangled states of the same\nlattice are capable of supporting the non-abelian Ising model, where the\nconcatenated operators are elements of the Clifford group. The Ising anyons are\nshown to be essentially superpositions of the abelian toric code anyons,\nreproducing the required fusion, braiding and statistical properties. We\npropose a string framing and ancillary qubits to implement the non-trivial\nchirality of this model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complex Behavior of Stock Markets: Processes of Synchronization and\n  Desynchronization during Crises: This paper investigates the dynamics of in the S&P500 index from daily\nreturns for the last 30 years. Using a stochastic geometry technique, each\nS&P500 yearly batch of data is embedded in a subspace that can be accurately\ndescribed by a reduced number of dimensions. Such feature is understood as\nempirical evidence for the presence of a certain amount of structure in the\nmarket. As part of the inquiry into the structure of the market we investigate\nchanges in its volume and shape, and we define new measures for that purpose.\nHaving these measures defined in the space of stocks we analyze the effects of\nsome extreme phenomena on the geometry of the market. We discuss the hypothesis\nthat collective behavior in period of crises reinforces the structure of\ncorrelations between stocks, but that it also may have an opposite effect on\nclustering by similar economic sectors. Comparing the crises of 1987 and 2001,\nwe discuss why the expansion of the ellipsoid describing the geometry of the\ndistances in the market, which occurs in the latter period, is not homogeneous\nthrough sectors. The conclusions from this research identify some of the\nchanges in the structure of the market over the last 30 years.",
        "positive": "Phase Transitions and Adsorption Isotherm in Multilayer Adsorbates with\n  Lateral Interactions: We analyze here a model for an adsorbate system composed of many layers by\nextending a theoretical approach used to describe pattern formation on a\nmonolayer of adsorbates with lateral interactions. The approach shows, in\naddition to a first order phase transition in the first layer, a transition in\nthe second layer together with evidence of a \"cascade\" of transitions if more\nlayers are included. The transition profiles, showing a staircase structure,\ncorroborate this picture. The adsorption isotherm that came out of this\napproach is in qualitative agreement with numerical and experimental results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis through the lens of autocorrelation\n  functions: Matrix elements of observables in eigenstates of generic Hamiltonians are\ndescribed by the Srednicki ansatz within the eigenstate thermalization\nhypothesis (ETH). We study a quantum chaotic spin-fermion model in a\none-dimensional lattice, which consists of a spin-1/2 XX chain coupled to a\nsingle itinerant fermion. In our study, we focus on translationally invariant\nobservables including the charge and energy current, thereby also connecting\nthe ETH with transport properties. Considering observables with a\nHilbert-Schmidt norm of one, we first perform a comprehensive analysis of ETH\nin the model taking into account latest developments. A particular emphasis is\non the analysis of the structure of the offdiagonal matrix elements $|\\langle\n\\alpha | \\hat O | \\beta \\rangle|^2$ in the limit of small eigenstate energy\ndifferences $\\omega = E_\\beta - E_\\alpha$. Removing the dominant exponential\nsuppression of $|\\langle \\alpha | \\hat O | \\beta \\rangle|^2$, we find that: (i)\nthe current matrix elements exhibit a system-size dependence that is different\nfrom other observables under investigation, (ii) matrix elements of several\nother observables exhibit a Drude-like structure with a Lorentzian frequency\ndependence. We then show how this information can be extracted from the\nautocorrelation functions as well. Finally, our study is complemented by a\nnumerical analysis of the fluctuation-dissipation relation for eigenstates in\nthe bulk of the spectrum. We identify the regime of $\\omega$ in which the\nwell-known fluctuation-dissipation relation is valid with high accuracy for\nfinite systems.",
        "positive": "Effective coupling between two Brownian particles: We use the system-plus-reservoir approach to study the dynamics of a system\ncomposed of two independent Brownian particles. We present an extension of the\nwell-known model of a bath of oscillators which is capable of inducing an\neffective coupling between the two particles depending on the choice made for\nthe spectral function of the bath oscillators. The coupling is non-linear in\nthe variables of interest and an exponential dependence on these variables is\nimposed in order to guarantee the translational invariance of the model if the\ntwo particles are not subject to any external potential. The effective\nequations of motion for the particles are obtained by the Laplace transform\nmethod and besides recovering all the local dynamical properties for each\nparticle we end up with an effective interaction potential between them. We\nexplicitly analyze one of its possible forms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometrical aspects of entropy production in stochastic thermodynamics\n  based on Wasserstein distance: We study a relationship between optimal transport theory and stochastic\nthermodynamics for the Fokker-Planck equation. We show that the lower bound on\nthe entropy production is the action measured by the path length of the\n$L^2$-Wasserstein distance. Because the $L^2$-Wasserstein distance is a\ngeometric measure of optimal transport theory, our result implies a geometric\ninterpretation of the entropy production. Based on this interpretation, we\nobtain a thermodynamic trade-off relation between transition time and the\nentropy production. This thermodynamic trade-off relation is regarded as a\nthermodynamic speed limit which gives a tighter bound of the entropy\nproduction. We also discuss stochastic thermodynamics for the subsystem and\nderive a lower bound on the partial entropy production as a generalization of\nthe second law of information thermodynamics. Our formalism also provides a\ngeometric picture of the optimal protocol to minimize the entropy production.\nWe illustrate these results by the optimal stochastic heat engine and show a\ngeometrical bound of the efficiency.",
        "positive": "Brownian molecular motors driven by rotation-translation coupling: We investigated three models of Brownian motors which convert rotational\ndiffusion into directed translational motion by switching on and off a\npotential. In the first model a spatially asymmetric potential generates\ndirected translational motion by rectifying rotational diffusion. It behaves\nmuch like a conventional flashing ratchet. The second model utilizes both\nrotational diffusion and drift to generate translational motion without spatial\nasymmetry in the potential. This second model can be driven by a combination of\na Brownian motor mechanism (diffusion driven) or by powerstroke (drift driven)\ndepending on the chosen parameters. In the third model, elements of both the\nBrownian motor and powerstroke mechanisms are combined by switching between\nthree distinct states. Relevance of the model to biological motor proteins is\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Limit for Dipolar Media: We prove existence of a shape and boundary condition independent\nthermodynamic limit for fluids and solids of identical particles with electric\nor magnetic dipole moments. Our result applies to fluids of hard core\nparticles, to dipolar soft spheres and Stockmayer fluids, to disordered solid\ncomposites, and to regular crystal lattices. In addition to their permanent\ndipole moments, particles may further polarize each other. Classical and\nquantum models are treated. Shape independence depends on the reduction in free\nenergy accomplished by domain formation, so our proof applies only in the case\nof zero applied field. Existence of a thermodynamic limit implies texture\nformation in spontaneously magnetized liquids and disordered solids analogous\nto domain formation in crystalline solids.",
        "positive": "Computationally feasible bounds for the free energy of nonequilibrium\n  steady states, applied to simple models of heat conduction: In this paper we study computationally feasible bounds for relative free\nenergies between two many-particle systems. Specifically, we consider systems\nout of equilibrium that do not necessarily satisfy a fluctuation-dissipation\nrelation, but that nevertheless admit a nonequilibrium steady state that is\nreached asymptotically in the long-time limit. The bounds that we suggest are\nbased on the well-known Bogoliubov inequality and variants of Gibbs' and\nDonsker-Varadhan variational principles. As a general paradigm, we consider\nsystems of oscillators coupled to heat baths at different temperatures. For\nsuch systems, we define the free energy of the system relative to any given\nreference system (that may or may not be in thermal equilibrium) in terms of\nthe Kullback-Leibler divergence between steady states. By employing a two-sided\nBogoliubov inequality and a mean-variance approximation of the free energy (or\ncumulant generating function, we can efficiently estimate the free energy cost\nneeded in passing from the reference system to the system out of equilibrium\n(characterised by a temperature gradient). A specific test case to validate our\nbounds are harmonic oscillator chains with ends that are coupled to Langevin\nthermostats at different temperatures; such a system is simple enough to allow\nfor analytic calculations and general enough to be used as a prototype to\nestimate, e.g., heat fluxes or interface effects in a larger class of\nnonequilibrium particle systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrogen-Bonded Liquids: Effects of Correlations of Orientational\n  Degrees of Freedom: We improve a lattice model of water introduced by Sastry, Debenedetti,\nSciortino, and Stanley to give insight on experimental thermodynamic anomalies\nin supercooled phase, taking into account the correlations between\nintra-molecular orientational degrees of freedom. The original Sastry et al.\nmodel including energetic, entropic and volumic effect of the\norientation-dependent hydrogen bonds (HBs), captures qualitatively the\nexperimental water behavior, but it ignores the geometrical correlation between\nHBs. Our mean-field calculation shows that adding these correlations gives a\nmore water-like phase diagram than previously shown, with the appearance of a\nsolid phase and first-order liquid-solid and gas-solid phase transitions.\nFurther investigation is necessary to be able to use this model to characterize\nthe thermodynamic properties of the supercooled region.",
        "positive": "The structure factor of fat deterministic Vicsek fractals: a small-angle\n  scattering study: We study here the small-angle scattering structure factor for deterministic\nfat fractals in the reciprocal space. It is shown that fat fractals are exact\nself-similar in the range of iterations having the same values of the scaling\nfactor, and therefore in each of these ranges all the properties of regular\nfractals can be inferred to fat fractals. In order to illustrate the above\nfindings we introduce deterministic fattened versions of Vicsek deterministic\nfractals. We calculate the mono- and polydisperse structure factor and study\nits scattering properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Approach to asymptotically diffusive behavior for Brownian particles in\n  periodic potentials : extracting information from transients: A Langevin process diffusing in a periodic potential landscape has a time\ndependent diffusion constant which means that its average mean squared\ndisplacement (MSD) only becomes linear at late times. The long time, or\neffective diffusion constant, can be estimated from the slope of a linear fit\nof the MSD at late times. Due to the cross over between a short time\nmicroscopic diffusion constant, which is independent of the potential, to the\neffective late time diffusion constant, a linear fit of the MSD will not in\ngeneral pass through the origin and will have a non-zero constant term. Here we\naddress how to compute the constant term and provide explicit results for\nBrownian particles in one dimension in periodic potentials. We show that the\nconstant is always positive and that at low temperatures it depends on the\ncurvature of the minimum of the potential. For comparison we also consider the\nsame question for the simpler problem of a symmetric continuous time random\nwalk in discrete space. Here the constant can be positive or negative and can\nbe used to determine the variance of the hopping time distribution.",
        "positive": "Continuous unitary transformations in two-level boson systems: Two-level boson systems displaying a quantum phase transition from a\nspherical (symmetric) to a deformed (broken) phase are studied. A formalism to\ndiagonalize Hamiltonians with $O(2L+1)$ symmetry for large number of bosons is\nworked out. Analytical results beyond the simple mean-field treatment are\ndeduced by using the continuous unitary transformations technique. In this\nscheme, a 1/N expansion for different observables is proposed and allows one to\ncompute the finite-size scaling exponents at the critical point. Analytical and\nnumerical results are compared and reveal the power of the present approach to\ncompute the finite-size corrections in such a context."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Behavior of the q = 3, 4-Potts model on Quasiperiodic Decagonal\n  Lattices: In this study, we performed Monte Carlo simulations of the $q=3,4$-Potts\nmodel on quasiperiodic decagonal lattices (QDL) to assess the critical behavior\nof these systems. Using the single histogram technique in conjunction with the\nfinite-size scaling analysis, we estimate the infinite lattice critical\ntemperatures and the leading critical exponents for $q=3$ and $q=4$ states. Our\nestimates for the critical exponents on QDL are in good agreement with the\nexact values on 2D periodic lattices, supporting the claim that both the $q=3$\nand $q=4$ Potts model on quasiperiodic lattices belong to the same universality\nclass as those on 2D periodic lattices.",
        "positive": "Zero-Temperature Relaxation of Three-Dimensional Ising Ferromagnets: We investigate the properties of the Ising-Glauber model on a periodic cubic\nlattice of linear dimension L after a quench to zero temperature. The resulting\nevolution is extremely slow, with long periods of wandering on constant energy\nplateaux, punctuated by occasional energy-decreasing spin-flip events. The\ncharacteristic time scale tau for this relaxation grows exponentially with the\nsystem size; we provide a heuristic and numerical evidence that tau exp(L^2).\nFor all but the smallest-size systems, the long-time state is almost never\nstatic. Instead the system contains a small number of \"blinker\" spins that\ncontinue to flip forever with no energy cost. Thus the system wanders ad\ninfinitum on a connected set of equal-energy blinker states. These states are\ncomposed of two topologically complex interwoven domains of opposite phases.\nThe average genus g_L of the domains scales as L^gamma, with gamma~1.7; thus\ndomains typically have many holes, leading to a \"plumber's nightmare\" geometry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Statistical Model of Aggregates Fragmentation: A statistical model of fragmentation of aggregates is proposed, based on the\nstochastic propagation of cracks through the body. The propagation rules are\nformulated on a lattice and mimic two important features of the process -- a\ncrack moves against the stress gradient and its energy depletes as it grows. We\nperform numerical simulations of the model for two-dimensional lattice and\nreveal that the mass distribution for small and intermediate-size fragments\nobeys a power-law, F(m)\\propto m^(-3/2), in agreement with experimental\nobservations. We develop an analytical theory which explains the detected\npower-law and demonstrate that the overall fragment mass distribution in our\nmodel agrees qualitatively with that, observed in experiments.",
        "positive": "Visualizing probabilistic models in Minkowski space with intensive\n  symmetrized Kullback-Leibler embedding: We show that the predicted probability distributions for any $N$-parameter\nstatistical model taking the form of an exponential family can be explicitly\nand analytically embedded isometrically in a $N{+}N$-dimensional Minkowski\nspace. That is, the model predictions can be visualized as control parameters\nare varied, preserving the natural distance between probability distributions.\nAll pairwise distances between model instances are given by the symmetrized\nKullback-Leibler divergence. We give formulas for these intensive symmetrized\nKullback Leibler (isKL) coordinate embeddings, and illustrate the resulting\nvisualizations with the Bernoulli (coin toss) problem, the ideal gas, $n$ sided\ndie, the nonlinear least squares fit, and the Gaussian fit. We highlight how\nisKL can be used to determine the minimum number of parameters needed to\ndescribe probabilistic data, and conclude by visualizing the prediction space\nof the two-dimensional Ising model, where we examine the manifold behavior near\nits critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The persistence length of two dimensional self avoiding random walks: The decay of directional correlations in self-avoiding random walks on the\nsquare lattice is investigated. Analysis of exact enumerations and Monte Carlo\ndata suggest that the correlation between the directions of the first step and\nthe j-th step of the walk decays faster than 1/j, indicating that the\npersistence length of the walk is finite.",
        "positive": "Topological phase diagrams of the frustrated Ising ferromagnet: The emergence of complex modulated structures in the magnetization pattern of\nthin films is a well-established experimental phenomenology caused by the\nfrustrating effects of competing interactions. Using a coarse-grained version\nof the Ising ferromagnet with dipolar interactions, we develop a method that\nuses the information from the microscopic Hamiltonian to predict the specific\ntopological phases present in the temperature-external magnetic field phase\ndiagram. This is done by the combination of mean-field variational calculations\nand the renormalization group equations from the classical theory of\ntwo-dimensional melting. In this framework, we are able to distinguish when the\norientational and translational symmetries are broken, discriminating between\nthe ordered and disordered states of the system for all temperatures and\nfields. We observe that the reentrance developed by the $H$-$T$ phase diagrams\nin the regime of weak dipolar interactions is directly related with the\nappearance of anomalous topological transitions. These results motivate the\nrealization of new experiments on magnetic thin films in order to explore the\ntopological properties of the magnetic textures, allowing to identify new\nexotic phases in these materials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin-wave theory in a randomly disordered lattice: A Heisenberg\n  ferromagnet: Starting from the hamiltonian for the Heisenberg ferromagnet which comprise\nrandomly distributed nonmagnetic ions as impurities in a Bravais lattice, we\nexpress the spin operators by means of the Dyson-Maleev transformation in terms\nof the Bose operators of the second quantization. Then by using methods of\nquantum statistical field theory, we derive the partition function and the free\nenergy for the system. We adopt the Matsubara thermal perturbation method to a\nportion of the hamiltonian which describes the interaction between magnons and\nthe stationary field of nonmagnetic ions. Upon averaging over all possible\ndistributions of impurities, we express the free energy of the system as a\nfunction of the mean impurity concentration. Subsequently, we set up the\ndouble-time single particle Green function at temperature T in the momentum\nspace in terms of magnon operators and derive the equation of motion for the\nGreen function through the Heisenberg equation of motion and then solve the\nresulting equation. From this, we calculate the self-energy and then the\nspectral density for the system. We apply the formalism to the case of the\nsimple cubic lattice and compute the density of states, the spectral density\nfunction and the lifetime of the magnons as a function of energy for several\nvalues of the mean concentration of nonmagnetic ions in the lattice. We\ncalculate magnon energy spectrum as a function of average impurity\nconcentration fraction c, which shows that for low lying states, the excitation\nenergy increases continuously with c in the studied range 0.1 < c < 0.7. We use\nthe spectral density function to compute some thermal quantities. We have\nobtained closed form expressions for the configurationally averaged physical\nquantities of interest in a unified fashion as functions of c to any order of c\napplicable below a critical percolation concentration.",
        "positive": "Charged complexes at the surface of liquid helium: Charged clusters in liquid helium in an external electric field form a\ntwo-dimensional system below the helium surface. This 2D system undergoes a\nphase transition from a liquid to a Wigner crystal at rather high temperatures.\nContrary to the electron Wigner crystal, the Wigner lattice of charged clusters\ncan be detected directly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic PDEs: domain formation in dynamic transitions: Spatiotemporal evolution in the real Ginzburg-Landau equation is studied with\nspace-time noise and a slowly increasing critical parameter. Analytical\nestimates for the characteristic size of the domains formed in a slow sweep\nthrough the critical point agree with the results of finite difference solution\nof the stochastic PDEs.",
        "positive": "Minimal Variance Hedging of Options with Student-t Underlying: I explicitly work out closed form solutions for the optimal hedging\nstrategies (in the sense of Bouchaud and Sornette) in the case of European call\noptions, where the underlying is modeled by (unbiased) iid additive returns\nwith Student-t distributions. The results may serve as illustrative examples\nfor option pricing in the presence of fat tails."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics and Steady State Density Matrix for\n  Quantum Open Systems: We consider the generic model of a finite-size quantum electron system\nconnected to two (temperature and particle) reservoirs. The quantum open system\nis driven out of equilibrium by the presence of both a temperature and a\nchemical potential differences between the two reservoirs. The nonequilibrium\n(NE) thermodynamical properties of such a quantum open system are studied for\nthe steady state regime. In such a regime, the corresponding NE density matrix\nis built on the so-called generalised Gibbs ensembles. From different\nexpressions of the NE density matrix, we can identify the terms related to the\nentropy production in the system. We show, for a simple model, that the entropy\nproduction rate is always a positive quantity. Alternative expressions for the\nentropy production are also obtained from the Gibbs-von Neumann conventional\nformula and discussed in detail. Our results corroborate and expand earlier\nworks found in the literature.",
        "positive": "Canonical phase space approach to the noisy Burgers equation: Presenting a general phase approach to stochastic processes we analyze in\nparticular the Fokker-Planck equation for the noisy Burgers equation and\ndiscuss the time dependent and stationary probability distributions. In one\ndimension we derive the long-time skew distribution approaching the symmetric\nstationary Gaussian distribution. In the short time regime we discuss\nheuristically the nonlinear soliton contributions and derive an expression for\nthe distribution in accordance with the directed polymer-replica model and\nasymmetric exclusion model results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling property and the generalized entropy uniquely determined by a\n  fundamental nonlinear differential equation: We derive a scaling property from a fundamental nonlinear differential\nequation whose solution is the so-called q-exponential function. A scaling\nproperty has been believed to be given by a power function only, but actually\nmore general expression for the scaling property is found to be a solution of\nthe above fundamental nonlinear differential equation. In fact, any power\nfunction is obtained by restricting the domain of the q-exponential function\nappropriately. As similarly as the correspondence between the exponential\nfunction and Shannon entropy, an appropriate generalization of Shannon entropy\nis expected for the scaling property. Although the q-exponential function is\noften appeared in the optimal distributions of some one-parameter generalized\nentropies such as Renyi entropy, only Tsallis entropy is uniquely derived from\nthe algebra of the q-exponential function, whose uniqueness is shown in the two\nways in this paper.",
        "positive": "Universality and the five-dimensional Ising model: We solve the long-standing discrepancy between Monte Carlo results and the\nrenormalization prediction for the Binder cumulant of the five-dimensional\nIsing model. Our conclusions are based on accurate Monte Carlo data for systems\nwith linear sizes up to L=22. A detailed analysis of the corrections to scaling\nallows the extrapolation of these results to L=\\infinity. Our determination of\nthe critical point, K_c=0.1139150 (4), is more than an order of magnitude more\naccurate than previous estimates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Is non-Gaussianity sufficient to produce long-range volatile\n  correlations?: Scaling analysis of the magnitude series (volatile series) has been proposed\nrecently to identify possible nonlinear/multifractal signatures in the given\ndata [1-3]. In this letter, correlations of volatile series generated from\nstationary first-order linear feedback process with Gaussian and non-Gaussian\ninnovations are investigated. While volatile correlations corresponding to\nGaussian innovations exhibited uncorrelated behavior across all time scales,\nthose of non-Gaussian innovations showed significant deviation from\nuncorrelated behavior even at large time scales. The results presented raise\nthe intriguing question whether non-Gaussian innovations can be sufficient to\nrealize long-range volatile correlations.",
        "positive": "Memoryless Thermodynamics? A Reply: We reply to arXiv:1508.00203 `Comment on \"Identifying Functional\nThermodynamics in Autonomous Maxwellian Ratchets\" (arXiv:1507.01537v2)'."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation with Multiple Giant Clusters: We study the evolution of percolation with freezing. Specifically, we\nconsider cluster formation via two competing processes: irreversible\naggregation and freezing. We find that when the freezing rate exceeds a certain\nthreshold, the percolation transition is suppressed. Below this threshold, the\nsystem undergoes a series of percolation transitions with multiple giant\nclusters (\"gels\") formed. Giant clusters are not self-averaging as their total\nnumber and their sizes fluctuate from realization to realization. The size\ndistribution F_k, of frozen clusters of size k, has a universal tail, F_k ~\nk^{-3}. We propose freezing as a practical mechanism for controlling the gel\nsize.",
        "positive": "Discrete Holomorphicity at Two-Dimensional Critical Points: After a brief review of the historical role of analyticity in the study of\ncritical phenomena, an account is given of recent discoveries of discretely\nholomorphic observables in critical two-dimensional lattice models. These are\nobjects whose correlation functions satisfy a discrete version of the\nCauchy-Riemann relations. Their existence appears to have a deep relation with\nthe integrability of the model, and they are presumably the lattice versions of\nthe truly holomorphic observables appearing in the conformal field theory (CFT)\ndescribing the continuum limit. This hypothesis sheds light on the connection\nbetween CFT and integrability, and, if verified, can also be used to prove that\nthe scaling limit of certain discrete curves in these models is described by\nSchramm-Loewner evolution (SLE)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From second to first order transitions in a disordered quantum magnet: We study the spin-glass transition in a disordered quantum model. There is a\nregion in the phase diagram where quantum effects are small and the phase\ntransition is second order, as in the classical case. In another region,\nquantum fluctuations drive the transition first order. Across the first order\nline the susceptibility is discontinuous and shows hysteresis. Our findings\nreproduce qualitatively observations on LiHo$_x$Y$_{1-x}$F$_4$. We also discuss\na marginally stable spin-glass state and derive some results previously\nobtained from the real-time dynamics of the model coupled to a bath.",
        "positive": "Fractal Structure of Hastings-Levitov Patterns Restricted in a Sector\n  Geometry: A generalized form of the Hastings and Levitov (HL) algorithm for simulation\nof diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) restricted in a sector geometry is\nstudied. It is found that this generalization with uniform measure produces\n\"wedge-like\" fractal patterns in the physical space, whose fractal dimension\nand anisotropy exponent depend significantly on the opening angle $\\beta$ of\nthe sector. The morphological properties and the overall shape of the patterns\nare analyzed by computing the angular two-point density correlation function of\nthe patterns. We also find that the fractal dimension of the patterns with\nsinusoidal distributed measure depend weakly on $\\beta$ with almost the same\ndimension as the radial DLA cluster. The anisotropy exponent and the visual\nappearance of the patterns in this case are shown to be compatible with those\nof the advection-diffusion-limited aggregation (ADLA) clusters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chirality Driven Helical Pattern Formation: We study the pattern formation of chiral charges in the presence of\nreactions. We show that, in contrast to the original Turing's mechanism of\npattern formation in diffusion-reaction systems, the interplay between chiral\neffects and reactions can lead to a new kind of instability against spatially\ninhomogeneous perturbations, and furthermore, to a helical pattern formation,\neven without diffusion. This provides a new physical mechanism that can\ngenerate a macroscopic helical structure from microscopic chirality, including\nchirality of elementary particles, via nonequilibrium processes.",
        "positive": "On the critical exponents of the yielding transition of amorphous solids: We investigate numerically the yielding transition of a two dimensional model\namorphous solid under external shear. We use a scalar model in terms of values\nof the total local strain, that we derive from the full (tensorial) description\nof the elastic interactions in the system, in which plastic deformations are\naccounted for by introducing a stochastic \"plastic disorder\" potential. This\nscalar model is seen to be equivalent to a collection of Prandtl-Tomlinson\nparticles, which are coupled through an Eshelby quadrupolar kernel. Numerical\nsimulations of this scalar model reveal that the strain rate vs stress curve,\nclose to the critical stress, is of the form $\\dot\\gamma\\sim\n(\\sigma-\\sigma_c)^\\beta$. Remarkably, we find that the value of $\\beta$ depends\non details of the microscopic plastic potential used, confirming and giving\nadditional support to results previously obtained with the full tensorial\nmodel. %\\cite{Jagla_Yiel}. To rationalize this result, we argue that the\nEshelby interaction in the scalar model can be treated to a good approximation\nin a sort of \"dynamical\" mean field, which corresponds to a Prandtl-Tomlinson\nparticle that is driven by the applied strain rate in the presence of a\nstochastic noise generated by all other particles. The dynamics of this\nPrandtl-Tomlinson particle displays different values of the $\\beta$ exponent\ndepending on the analytical properties of the microscopic potential, thus\ngiving support to the results of the numerical simulations. Moreover, we find\nthat other critical exponents that depend on details of the dynamics show also\na dependence with the form of the disorder, while static exponents are\nindependent of the details of the disorder. Finally, we show how our scalar\nmodel relates to other elastoplastic models and to the widely used mean field\nversion known as the H\\'ebraud-Lequeux model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Limits of Spatial Resolution in Active Thermography: Thermal waves are caused by pure diffusion: their amplitude is decreased by\nmore than a factor of 500 within a propagation distance of one wavelength. The\ndiffusion equation, which describes the temperature as a function of space and\ntime, is linear. For every linear equation the superposition principle is\nvalid, which is known as Huygens principle for optical or mechanical wave\nfields. This limits the spatial resolution, like the Abbe diffraction limit in\noptics. The resolution is the minimal size of a structure which can be detected\nat a certain depth. If an embedded structure at a certain depth in a sample is\nsuddenly heated, e.g. by eddy current or absorbed light, an image of the\nstructure can be reconstructed from the measured temperature at the sample\nsurface. To get the resolution the image reconstruction can be considered as\nthe time reversal of the thermal wave. This inverse problem is ill-conditioned\nand therefore regularization methods have to be used taking additional\nassumptions like smoothness of the solutions into account. In the present work\nfor the first time methods of non-equilibrium statistical physics are used to\nsolve this inverse problem without the need of such additional assumptions and\nwithout the necessity to choose a regularization parameter. For reconstructing\nsuch an embedded structure by thermal waves the resolution turns out to be\nproportional to the depth and inversely proportional to the natural logarithm\nof the signal-to-noise ratio. This result could be derived from the diffusion\nequation by using a delta-source at a certain depth and setting the entropy\nproduction caused by thermal diffusion equal to the information loss. No\nspecific model about the stochastic process of the fluctuations and about the\ndistribution densities around the mean values was necessary to get this result.",
        "positive": "Mean field stability map of hard-sphere glasses: The response of amorphous solids to an applied shear deformation is an\nimportant problem, both in fundamental and applied research. To tackle this\nproblem, we focus on a system of hard spheres in infinite dimensions as a\nsolvable model for colloidal systems and granular matter. The system is\nprepared above the dynamical glass transition density, and we discuss the phase\ndiagram of the resulting glass under compression, decompression, and shear\nstrain, expanding on previous results [P. Urbani and F. Zamponi, Phys.Rev.Lett.\n118, 038001 (2017)]. We show that the solid region is bounded by a \"shear\njamming\" line, at which the solid reaches close packing, and a \"shear yielding\"\nline, at which the solid undergoes a spinodal instability towards a liquid,\nflowing phase. Furthermore, we characterize the evolution of these lines upon\nvarying the glass preparation density. This work aims to provide a general\noverview of yielding and jamming phenomena in hard-sphere systems by a\nsystematic exploration of the phase diagram."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Critical Wrapping Probabilities in the Canonical Ensemble: Universal dimensionless quantities, such as Binder ratios and wrapping\nprobabilities, play an important role in the study of critical phenomena. We\nstudy the finite-size scaling behavior of the wrapping probability for the\nPotts model in the random-cluster representation, under the constraint that the\ntotal number of occupied bonds is fixed, so that the canonical ensemble\napplies. We derive that, in the limit $L \\rightarrow \\infty$, the critical\nvalues of the wrapping probability are different from those of the\nunconstrained model, i.e. the model in the grand-canonical ensemble, but still\nuniversal, for systems with $2y_t - d > 0$ where $y_t = 1/\\nu$ is the thermal\nrenormalization exponent and $d$ is the spatial dimension. Similar\nmodifications apply to other dimensionless quantities, such as Binder ratios.\nFor systems with $2y_t-d \\le 0$, these quantities share same critical universal\nvalues in the two ensembles. It is also derived that new finite-size\ncorrections are induced. These findings apply more generally to systems in the\ncanonical ensemble, e.g. the dilute Potts model with a fixed total number of\nvacancies. Finally, we formulate an efficient cluster-type algorithm for the\ncanonical ensemble, and confirm these predictions by extensive simulations.",
        "positive": "Wavelet Conditional Renormalization Group: We develop a multiscale approach to estimate high-dimensional probability\ndistributions from a dataset of physical fields or configurations observed in\nexperiments or simulations. In this way we can estimate energy functions (or\nHamiltonians) and efficiently generate new samples of many-body systems in\nvarious domains, from statistical physics to cosmology. Our method -- the\nWavelet Conditional Renormalization Group (WC-RG) -- proceeds scale by scale,\nestimating models for the conditional probabilities of \"fast degrees of\nfreedom\" conditioned by coarse-grained fields. These probability distributions\nare modeled by energy functions associated with scale interactions, and are\nrepresented in an orthogonal wavelet basis. WC-RG decomposes the microscopic\nenergy function as a sum of interaction energies at all scales and can\nefficiently generate new samples by going from coarse to fine scales. Near\nphase transitions, it avoids the \"critical slowing down\" of direct estimation\nand sampling algorithms. This is explained theoretically by combining results\nfrom RG and wavelet theories, and verified numerically for the Gaussian and\n$\\varphi^4$ field theories. We show that multiscale WC-RG energy-based models\nare more general than local potential models and can capture the physics of\ncomplex many-body interacting systems at all length scales. This is\ndemonstrated for weak-gravitational-lensing fields reflecting dark matter\ndistributions in cosmology, which include long-range interactions with\nlong-tail probability distributions. WC-RG has a large number of potential\napplications in non-equilibrium systems, where the underlying distribution is\nnot known {\\it a priori}. Finally, we discuss the connection between WC-RG and\ndeep network architectures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic phase transitions in electromigration-induced step bunching: Electromigration-induced step bunching in the presence of sublimation or\ndeposition is studied theoretically in the attachment-limited regime. We\npredict a phase transition as a function of the relative strength of kinetic\nasymmetry and step drift. For weak asymmetry the number of steps between\nbunches grows logarithmically with bunch size, whereas for strong asymmetry at\nmost a single step crosses between two bunches. In the latter phase the\nemission and absorption of steps is a collective process which sets in only\nabove a critical bunch size and/or step interaction strength.",
        "positive": "Chiral phase transitions: focus driven critical behavior in systems with\n  planar and vector ordering: The fixed point that governs the critical behavior of magnets described by\nthe $N$-vector chiral model under the physical values of $N$ ($N =2, 3$) is\nshown to be a stable focus both in two and three dimensions. Robust evidence in\nfavor of this conclusion is obtained within the five-loop and six-loop\nrenormalization-group analysis in fixed dimension. The spiral-like approach of\nthe chiral fixed point results in unusual crossover and near-critical regimes\nthat may imitate varying critical exponents seen in physical and computer\nexperiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Matrix Product States for Interacting Particles without Hardcore\n  Constraints: We construct matrix product steady state for a class of interacting particle\nsystems where particles do not obey hardcore exclusion, meaning each site can\noccupy any number of particles subjected to the global conservation of total\nnumber of particles in the system. To represent the arbitrary occupancy of the\nsites, the matrix product ansatz here requires an infinite set of matrices\nwhich in turn leads to an algebra involving infinite number of matrix\nequations. We show that these matrix equations, in fact, can be reduced to a\nsingle functional relation when the matrices are parametric functions of the\nrepresentative occupation number. We demonstrate this matrix formulation in a\nclass of stochastic particle hopping processes on a one dimensional periodic\nlattice where hop rates depend on the occupation numbers of the departure site\nand its neighbors within a finite range; this includes some well known\nstochastic processes like, totally asymmetric zero range process, misanthrope\nprocess, finite range process and partially asymmetric versions of the same\nprocesses but with different rate functions depending on the direction of\nmotion.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation relation and heterogeneous superdiffusion in glassy\n  transport: Current fluctuations and related steady state fluctuation relation are\ninvestigated in simple coarse-grained lattice-gas analogs of a non-Newtonian\nfluid driven by a constant and uniform force field, in two regimes of small\nentropy production. Non-Gaussian current fluctuations and deviations from\nfluctuation relation are observed and related to the existence of growing\namorphous correlations and heterogeneous anomalous diffusion regimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Characterizing complexity of many-body quantum dynamics by higher-order\n  eigenstate thermalization: Complexity of dynamics is at the core of quantum many-body chaos and exhibits\na hierarchical feature: higher-order complexity implies more chaotic dynamics.\nConventional ergodicity in thermalization processes is a manifestation of the\nlowest order complexity, which is represented by the eigenstate thermalization\nhypothesis (ETH) stating that individual energy eigenstates are thermal. Here,\nwe propose a higher-order generalization of the ETH, named the $ k $-ETH ($\nk=1,2,\\dots $), to quantify higher-order complexity of quantum many-body\ndynamics at the level of individual energy eigenstates, where the lowest order\nETH (1-ETH) is the conventional ETH. As a non-trivial contribution of the\nhigher-order ETH, we show that the $ k $-ETH with $ k\\geq 2 $ implies a\nuniversal behavior of the $ k $th Renyi entanglement entropy of individual\nenergy eigenstates. In particular, the Page correction of the entanglement\nentropy originates from the higher-order ETH, while as is well known, the\nvolume law can be accounted for by the 1-ETH. We numerically verify that the\n2-ETH approximately holds for a nonintegrable system, but does not hold in the\nintegrable case. To further investigate the information-theoretic feature\nbehind the $ k $-ETH, we introduce a concept named a partial unitary $ k\n$-design (PU $ k $-design), which is an approximation of the Haar random\nunitary up to the $ k $th moment, where partial means that only a limited\nnumber of observables are accessible. The $ k $-ETH is a special case of a PU $\nk $-design for the ensemble of Hamiltonian dynamics with random-time sampling.\nIn addition, we discuss the relationship between the higher-order ETH and\ninformation scrambling quantified by out-of-time-ordered correlators. Our\nframework provides a unified view on thermalization, entanglement entropy, and\nunitary $ k $-designs, leading to deeper characterization of higher-order\nquantum complexity.",
        "positive": "Crossover exponent for piecewise directed walk adsorption on Sierpinski\n  fractals: We study the problem of critical adsorption of piecewise directed random\nwalks on a boundary of fractal lattices that belong to the Sierpinski gasket\nfamily. By applying the exact real space renormalization group method, we\ncalculate the crossover exponent $\\phi$, associated with the number of adsorbed\nsteps, for the complete fractal family. We demonstrate that our results are\nvery close to the results obtained for ordinary self-avoiding walk, and discuss\nthe asymptotic behaviour of $\\phi$ at the fractal to Euclidean lattice\ncrossover."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-dual quasiperiodic percolation: How does the percolation transition behave in the absence of quenched\nrandomness? To address this question, we study two nonrandom self-dual\nquasiperiodic models of square-lattice bond percolation. In both models, the\ncritical point has emergent discrete scale invariance, but none of the\nadditional emergent conformal symmetry of critical random percolation. From the\ndiscrete sequences of critical clusters, we find fractal dimensions of\n$D_f=1.911943(1)$ and $D_f=1.707234(40)$ for the two models, significantly\ndifferent from $D_f=91/48=1.89583...$ of random percolation. The critical\nexponents $\\nu$, determined through a numerical study of cluster sizes and\nwrapping probabilities on a torus, are also well below the $\\nu=4/3$ of random\npercolation. While these new models do not appear to belong to a universality\nclass, they demonstrate how the removal of randomness can fundamentally change\nthe critical behavior.",
        "positive": "Kinetics of Diffusion-Controlled Annihilation with Sparse Initial\n  Conditions: We study diffusion-controlled single-species annihilation with sparse initial\nconditions. In this random process, particles undergo Brownian motion, and when\ntwo particles meet, both disappear. We focus on sparse initial conditions where\nparticles occupy a subspace of dimension $\\delta$ that is embedded in a larger\nspace of dimension $d$. We find that the co-dimension $\\Delta=d-\\delta$ governs\nthe behavior. All particles disappear when the co-dimension is sufficiently\nsmall, $\\Delta\\leq 2$; otherwise, a finite fraction of particles indefinitely\nsurvive. We establish the asymptotic behavior of the probability $S(t)$ that a\ntest particle survives until time $t$. When the subspace is a line, $\\delta=1$,\nwe find inverse logarithmic decay, $S\\sim (\\ln t)^{-1}$, in three dimensions,\nand a modified power-law decay, $S\\sim (\\ln t)\\,t^{-1/2}$, in two dimensions.\nIn general, the survival probability decays algebraically when $\\Delta <2$, and\nthere is an inverse logarithmic decay at the critical co-dimension $\\Delta=2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Linear complex susceptibility of long range interacting dipoles acted on\n  by thermal agitation and weak external ac fields: An analytical formula for the linear complex susceptibility of dipolar\nassemblies subjected to thermal agitation, long range interactions and an\nexternally applied uniform sinusoidal field of weak amplitude is derived using\nthe forced rotational diffusion equation of Cugliandolo et al. [Phys. Rev. E\n91, 032139 (2015)] in the virial approximation. If the Kirkwood correlation\nfactor of the dipolar assembly gK exceeds unity, a thermally activated process\narising from the interaction-specific component arises while for gK<1, the\nsusceptibility spectrum normalized by its static value is practically unaltered\nwith respect to that of the ideal gas phase.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation dissipation ratio in an aging Lennard-Jones glass: By using extensive Molecular Dynamics simulations, we have determined the\nviolation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in a Lennard-Jones liquid\nquenched to low temperatures. For this we have calculated $X(C)$, the ratio\nbetween a one particle time-correlation function $C$ and the associated\nresponse function. Our results are best fitted by assuming that $X(C)$ is a\ndiscontinuous, piecewise constant function. This is similar to what is found in\nspin systems with one step replica symmetry breaking. This strengthen the\nconjecture of a similarity between the phase space structure of structural\nglasses and such spin systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modulation of dephasing due to a spin-boson environment: We study the reduced dynamics of a spin (qubit) coupled to a spin-boson\nenvironment in the case of pure dephasing. We derive formal exact expressions\nwhich can be cast in terms of exact integro-differential master equations. We\npresent results for a SB environment with ohmic dissipation at finite\ntemperatures. For the special value of the ohmic damping strength K=1/2 the\nreduced dynamics is found in analytic form. For K<<1 we discuss the possibility\nof modulating the effect of the SB environment on the qubit. In particular we\nstudy the effect of the crossover to a slow environment dynamics, which may be\ntriggered by changing both the temperature and the system-environment coupling.",
        "positive": "Master equation approach to DNA-breathing in heteropolymer DNA: After crossing an initial barrier to break the first base-pair (bp) in\ndouble-stranded DNA, the disruption of further bps is characterized by free\nenergies between less than one to a few kT. This causes the opening of\nintermittent single-stranded bubbles. Their unzipping and zipping dynamics can\nbe monitored by single molecule fluorescence or NMR methods. We here establish\na dynamic description of this DNA-breathing in a heteropolymer DNA in terms of\na master equation that governs the time evolution of the joint probability\ndistribution for the bubble size and position along the sequence. The transfer\ncoefficients are based on the Poland-Scheraga free energy model. We derive the\nautocorrelation function for the bubble dynamics and the associated relaxation\ntime spectrum. In particular, we show how one can obtain the probability\ndensities of individual bubble lifetimes and of the waiting times between\nsuccessive bubble events from the master equation. A comparison to results of a\nstochastic Gillespie simulation shows excellent agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unnormalized nonextensive expectation value and zeroth law of\n  thermodynamics: We show an attempt to establish the zeroth law of thermodynamics within the\nframework of nonextensive statistical mechanics based on the classic\nnormalization $\\texttt{Tr}\\hat{\\rho}=1$ and the unnormalized expectation\n$x=\\texttt{Tr}\\hat{\\rho}^q\\hat{x}$. The first law of thermodynamics and the\ndefinition of heat and work in this formalism are discussed.",
        "positive": "The Correlation Functions of the XXZ Heisenberg Chain for Zero or\n  Infinite Anisotropy and Random Walks of Vicious Walkers: The XXZ Heisenberg chain is considered for two specific limits of the\nanisotropy parameter: $\\Dl\\to 0$ and $\\Dl\\to -\\infty$. The corresponding wave\nfunctions are expressed by means of the symmetric Schur functions. Certain\nexpectation values and thermal correlation functions of the ferromagnetic\nstring operators are calculated over the base of N-particle Bethe states. The\nthermal correlator of the ferromagnetic string is expressed through the\ngenerating function of the lattice paths of random walks of vicious walkers. A\nrelationship between the expectation values obtained and the generating\nfunctions of strict plane partitions in a box is discussed. Asymptotic estimate\nof the thermal correlator of the ferromagnetic string is obtained in the limit\nof zero temperature. It is shown that its amplitude is related to the number of\nplane partitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic speed limits for co-evolving systems: Previously derived \"global\" thermodynamic speed limit theorems state that\nincreasing the maximum speed with which a system can evolve between two given\nprobability distributions over its states requires the system to produce more\nentropy in its evolution. However, these theorems ignore that many systems are\nnot monolithic, but instead comprise multiple subsystems that interact\naccording to an (often sparse) network. Indeed, most naturally-occurring and\nhuman-engineered systems of increasing complexity can be decomposed into sets\nof co-evolving subsystems, where there exist a priori constraints on the\ndynamics of each subsystem, restricting which other subsystems can affect its\ndynamics. Here we derive three new SLTs that account for the thermodynamic\neffects of such constraints. Our first new speed limit strengthens the global\nspeed limit. While our other two SLTs do not have this guarantee, in some\nsituations they are even stronger than our first speed limit. Our results\nestablish that a stochastically evolving system will, on average, produce more\nentropy in evolving between two distributions within a given time simply due to\nits comprising multiple, co-evolving subsystems. We illustrate our results with\nnumerical calculations involving a model of two cells sensing and storing\ninformation about their environment.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions of the mixed spin-1/2 and spin-S Ising model on a\n  three-dimensional decorated lattice with a layered structure: Phase transitions of the mixed spin-1/2 and spin-S (S >= 1/2) Ising model on\na three-dimensional (3D) decorated lattice with a layered magnetic structure\nare investigated within the framework of a precise mapping relationship to the\nsimple spin-1/2 Ising model on the tetragonal lattice. This mapping\ncorrespondence yields for the layered Ising model of mixed spins plausible\nresults either by adopting the conjectured solution for the spin-1/2 Ising\nmodel on the orthorhombic lattice [Z.-D. Zhang, Philos. Mag. 87 (2007)\n5309-5419] or by performing extensive Monte Carlo simulations for the\ncorresponding spin-1/2 Ising model on the tetragonal lattice. It is shown that\nthe critical behaviour markedly depends on a relative strength of axial\nzero-field splitting parameter, inter- and intra-layer interactions. The\nstriking spontaneous order captured to the 'quasi-1D' spin system is found in a\nrestricted region of interaction parameters, where the zero-field splitting\nparameter forces all integer-valued decorating spins towards their\n'non-magnetic' spin state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Franzese-Stanley Coarse Grained Model for Hydration Water: Water modeling is a challenging problem. Its anomalies are difficult to\nreproduce, promoting the proliferation of a large number of computational\nmodels, among which researchers select the most appropriate for the property\nthey study. In this chapter, we introduce a coarse-grained model introduced by\nFranzese and Stanley (FS) that accounts for the many-body interactions of\nwater. We review mean-field calculations and Monte Carlo simulations on water\nmonolayers for a wide range of pressures and temperatures, including extreme\nconditions. The results show the presence of two dynamic crossovers and explain\nthe origin of diffusion anomalies. Moreover, the model shows that all the\ndifferent scenarios, proposed in the last decades as alternative explanations\nof the experimental anomalies of water, can be related by the fine-tuning of\nthe many-body (cooperative) interaction. Once this parameter is set from the\nexperiments, the FS model predicts a phase transition between two liquids with\ndifferent densities and energies in the supercooled water region, ending in a\nliquid-liquid critical point. From this critical point stems a liquid-liquid\nWidom line, i.e., the locus of maxima of the water correlation length, that in\nthe FS model can be directly calculated. The results are consistent with the\nextrapolations from experiments. Furthermore, they agree with those from\natomistic models but make predictions over a much wider thermodynamic region,\nallowing for a better interpretation of the available experimental data. All\nthese findings provide a coherent picture of the properties of water and\nconfirm the validity of the FS model that has proved to be useful for\nlarge-scale simulations of biological systems.",
        "positive": "On large deviation properties of Brownian motion with dry friction: We investigate piecewise-linear stochastic models as with regards to the\nprobability distribution of functionals of the stochastic processes, a question\nwhich occurs frequently in large deviation theory. The functionals that we are\nlooking into in detail are related to the time a stochastic process spends at a\nphase space point or in a phase space region, as well as to the motion with\ninertia. For a Langevin equation with discontinuous drift, we extend the\nso-called backward Fokker-Planck technique for nonnegative support functionals\nto arbitrary support functionals, to derive explicit expressions for the\nmoments of the functional. Explicit solutions for the moments and for the\ndistribution of the so-called local time, the occupation time and the\ndisplacement are derived for the Brownian motion with dry friction, including\nquantitative measures to characterize deviation from Gaussian behaviour in the\nasymptotic long time limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical interfaces of the Ashkin-Teller model at the parafermionic\n  point: We present an extensive study of interfaces defined in the Z_4 spin lattice\nrepresentation of the Ashkin-Teller (AT) model. In particular, we numerically\ncompute the fractal dimensions of boundary and bulk interfaces at the\nFateev-Zamolodchikov point. This point is a special point on the self-dual\ncritical line of the AT model and it is described in the continuum limit by the\nZ_4 parafermionic theory. Extending on previous analytical and numerical\nstudies [10,12], we point out the existence of three different values of\nfractal dimensions which characterize different kind of interfaces. We argue\nthat this result may be related to the classification of primary operators of\nthe parafermionic algebra. The scenario emerging from the studies presented\nhere is expected to unveil general aspects of geometrical objects of critical\nAT model, and thus of c=1 critical theories in general.",
        "positive": "Spatio-temporal Bounded Noises, and transitions induced by them in\n  solutions of real Ginzburg-Landau model: In this work, we introduce two spatio-temporal colored bounded noises, based\non the zero-dimensional Cai-Lin and Tsallis-Borland noises. We then study and\ncharacterize the dependence of the defined bounded noises on both a temporal\ncorrelation parameter $\\tau$ and on a spatial coupling parameter $\\lambda$. The\nboundedness of these noises has some consequences on their equilibrium\ndistributions. Indeed in some cases varying $\\lambda$ may induce a transition\nof the distribution of the noise from bimodality to unimodality. With the aim\nto study the role played by bounded noises on nonlinear dynamical systems, we\ninvestigate the behavior of the real Ginzburg-Landau time-varying model\nadditively perturbed by such noises. The observed phase transitions\nphenomenology is quite different from the one observed when the perturbations\nare unbounded. In particular, we observed an inverse \"order-to-disorder\"\ntransition, and a re-entrant transition, with dependence on the specific type\nof bounded noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coupled autonomous thermal machines and efficiency at maximum power: We show that coupled autonomous thermal machines, in the presence of three\nheat reservoirs and following a global linear-irreversible description, provide\na unified framework to accommodate the variety of expressions for the\nefficiency at maximum power (EMP). The efficiency is expressible in terms of\nthe Carnot efficiency of the global set up if the intermediate reservoir\ntemperature is an algebraic mean of the hot and cold temperatures. We give an\nexplanation of the universal properties of EMP near equilibrium in terms of the\nproperties of symmetric algebraic means. For the case of broken time reversal\nsymmetry, a universal second order coefficient of 6/49 is predicted in the\nseries expansion of EMP, analogous to the 1/8 coefficient in the time-reversal\nsymmetric case.",
        "positive": "Dynamical model of steadily forced isotropic turbulence: A dynamical model is proposed for isotropic turbulence driven by steady\nforcing that yields a viscosity independent dynamics for the small-scale\n(inertial) regime. This reproduces the Kolmogorov spectrum for the two-point\nvelocity correlation function in the fully developed (stationary) stage, while\npredicting intermittency corrections for higher order moments. The model also\nyields a transient stage with a power-law time evolution. The crossover time to\nfully developed turbulence scales with the turbulent system size as $\\sim\nL^{11/3}$. The physical origin of the transient behavior is explained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "1/f noise for intermittent quantum dots exhibits non-stationarity and\n  critical exponents: The power spectrum of quantum dot fluorescence exhibits $1/f^\\beta$ noise,\nrelated to the intermittency of these nanosystems. As in other systems\nexhibiting $1/f$ noise, this power spectrum is not integrable at low\nfrequencies, which appears to imply infinite total power. We report\nmeasurements of individual quantum dots that address this long-standing\nparadox. We find that the level of $1/f^\\beta$ noise decays with the\nobservation time. The change of the spectrum with time places a bound on the\ntotal power. These observations are in stark contrast with most measurements of\nnoise in macroscopic systems which do not exhibit any evidence for\nnon-stationarity. We show that the traditional description of the power\nspectrum with a single exponent $\\beta$ is incomplete and three additional\ncritical exponents characterize the dependence on experimental time.",
        "positive": "Strong Dynamical Heterogeneity and Universal Scaling in Driven Granular\n  Fluids: Large scale simulations of two-dimensional bidisperse granular fluids allow\nus to determine spatial correlations of slow particles via the four-point\nstructure factor $S_4(q,t)$. Both cases, elastic ($\\varepsilon=1$) as well as\ninelastic ($\\varepsilon < 1$) collisions, are studied. As the fluid approaches\nstructural arrest, i.e. for packing fractions in the range $0.6 \\le \\phi \\le\n0.805$, scaling is shown to hold: $S_4(q,t)/\\chi_4(t)=s(q\\xi(t))$. Both the\ndynamic susceptibility, $\\chi_4(\\tau_{\\alpha})$, as well as the dynamic\ncorrelation length, $\\xi(\\tau_{\\alpha})$, evaluated at the $\\alpha$ relaxation\ntime, $\\tau_{\\alpha}$, can be fitted to a power law divergence at a critical\npacking fraction. The measured $\\xi(\\tau_{\\alpha})$ widely exceeds the largest\none previously observed for hard sphere 3d fluids. The number of particles in a\nslow cluster and the correlation length are related by a robust power law,\n$\\chi_4(\\tau_{\\alpha}) \\approx\\xi^{d-p}(\\tau_{\\alpha})$, with an exponent\n$d-p\\approx 1.6$. This scaling is remarkably independent of $\\varepsilon$, even\nthough the strength of the dynamical heterogeneity increases dramatically as\n$\\varepsilon$ grows."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of two-dimensional random walks, the \"cyclic sieving\n  phenomenon\" and the Hofstadter model: We focus on the algebraic area probability distribution of planar random\nwalks on a square lattice with $m_1$, $m_2$, $l_1$ and $l_2$ steps right, left,\nup and down. We aim, in particular, at the algebraic area generating function\n$Z_{m_1,m_2,l_1,l_2}(Q)$ evaluated at $Q=e^{2\\i\\pi\\over q}$, a root of unity,\nwhen both $m_1-m_2$ and $l_1-l_2$ are multiples of $q$. In the simple case of\nstaircase walks, a geometrical interpretation of\n$Z_{m,0,l,0}(e^\\frac{2i\\pi}{q})$ in terms of the cyclic sieving phenomenon is\nillustrated. Then, an expression for $Z_{m_1,m_2,l_1,l_2}(-1)$, which is\nrelevant to the Stembridge's case, is proposed. Finally, the related problem of\nevaluating the n-th moments of the Hofstadter Hamiltonian in the commensurate\ncase is addressed.",
        "positive": "Low-density series expansions for directed percolation II: The square\n  lattice with a wall: A new algorithm for the derivation of low-density expansions has been used to\ngreatly extend the series for moments of the pair-connectedness on the directed\nsquare lattice near an impenetrable wall. Analysis of the series yields very\naccurate estimates for the critical point and exponents. In particular, the\nestimate for the exponent characterizing the average cluster length near the\nwall, $\\tau_1=1.00014(2)$, appears to exclude the conjecture $\\tau_1=1$. The\ncritical point and the exponents $\\nu_{\\parallel}$ and $\\nu_{\\perp}$ have the\nsame values as for the bulk problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface fields and emergence of long-range couplings in classical\n  uniaxial ferromagnetic arrays: Critical wetting is of crucial importance for the phase behaviour of a simple\nfluid or Ising magnet confined between walls that exert opposing surface fields\nso that one wall favours liquid (spin up), while the other favours gas (spin\ndown). We show that arrays of boxes filled with fluid or Ising magnet and\nlinked by channels with such ``opposing'' walls can exhibit long-range\ncooperative effects, on a length scale far exceeding the bulk correlation\nlength. We give the theoretical foundations of these long-range couplings by\nusing a lattice gas (Ising model) description of a system.",
        "positive": "Abelian Sandpile Model: a Conformal Field Theory Point of View: In this paper we derive the scaling fields in $c=-2$ conformal field theory\nassociated with weakly allowed clusters in abelian sandpile model and show a\ndirect relation between the two models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How a local active force modifies the structural properties of polymers: We study the dynamics of a polymer, described as a variant of a Rouse chain,\ndriven by an active terminal monomer (head). The local active force induces a\ntransition from a globule-like to an elongated state, as revealed by the study\nof the end-to-end distance, whose variance is analytically predicted under\nsuitable approximations. The change in the relaxation times of the Rouse-modes\nproduced by the local self-propulsion is consistent with the transition from\nglobule to elongated conformations. Moreover also the bond-bond spatial\ncorrelation for the chain head results to be affected and a gradient of\nover-stretched bonds along the chain is observed. We compare our numerical\nresults both with the phenomenological stiff-polymer theory and several\nanalytical predictions in the Rouse-chain approximation.",
        "positive": "Stabilization in the eye of a cyclone: We consider the systematic force on a heavy probe induced by interaction with\nan overdamped diffusive medium where particles undergo a rotating force around\na fixed center. The stiffness matrix summarizes the stability of the probe\naround that center, where the induced force vanishes. We prove that the\nintroduction of the rotational force in general enhances the stability of that\npoint (and may turn it from unstable to stable!), starting at second-order in\nthe nonequilibrium amplitude. When the driving is further enhanced the\nstabilization occurs for a wide range of rotation profiles and the induced\nstiffness converges to a universal expression proportional to the average\nmechanical stiffness. The model thus provides a rigorous example of\nstabilization of a fixed point due to contact with a nonequilibrium medium and\nbeyond linear order around equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The phase diagram for a class of multispecies permissive asymmetric\n  exclusion processes: In this article, we investigate a multispecies generalization of the\nsingle-species asymmetric simple exclusion process defined on an open\none-dimensional lattice. We devise an exact projection scheme to find the phase\ndiagram in terms of densities and currents of all species. In most of the\nphases, one or more species are absent in the system due to dynamical\nexpulsion. We observe shocks as well in some regions of the phase diagram. We\nexplain the density profiles using a generalized shock structure that is\nsubstantiated by numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Heat Superconductivity: Electrons/atoms can flow without dissipation at low temperature in\nsuperconductors/superfluids. The phenomenon known as\nsuperconductivity/superfluidity is one of the most important discoveries of\nmodern physics, and is not only fundamentally important, but also essential for\nmany real applications. An interesting question is: can we have a\nsuperconductor for heat current, in which energy can flow without dissipation?\nHere we show that heat superconductivity is indeed possible. We will show how\nthe possibility of the heat superconductivity emerges in theory, and how the\nheat superconductor can be constructed using recently proposed time crystals.\nThe underlying simple physics is also illustrated. If the possibility could be\nrealized, it would not be difficult to speculate various potential\napplications, from energy tele-transportation to cooling of information\ndevices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density Profiles in Open Superdiffusive Systems: We numerically solve a discretized model of Levy random walks on a finite\none-dimensional domain in the presence of sources and with a reflection\ncoefficient $r$. At the domain boundaries, the steady-state density profile is\nnon-analytic. The meniscus exponent $\\mu$, introduced to characterize this\nsingular behavior, uniquely identifies the whole profile. Numerical data\nsuggest that $\\mu =\\alpha/2 + r(\\alpha/2-1)$, where $\\alpha$ is the Levy\nexponent of the step-length distribution. As an application, we show that this\nmodel reproduces the temperature profiles obtained for a chain of oscillators\ndisplaying anomalous heat conduction. Remarkably, the case of free-boundary\nconditions in the chain correspond to a Levy walk with negative reflection\ncoefficient.",
        "positive": "Load distribution in weighted complex networks: We study the load distribution in weighted networks by measuring the\neffective number of optimal paths passing through a given vertex. The optimal\npath, along which the total cost is minimum, crucially depend on the cost\ndistribution function $p_c(c)$. In the strong disorder limit, where $p_c(c)\\sim\nc^{-1}$, the load distribution follows a power law both in the\nErd\\H{o}s-R\\'enyi (ER) random graphs and in the scale-free (SF) networks, and\nits characteristics are determined by the structure of the minimum spanning\ntree. The distribution of loads at vertices with a given vertex degree also\nfollows the SF nature similar to the whole load distribution, implying that the\nglobal transport property is not correlated to the local structural\ninformation. Finally, we measure the effect of disorder by the correlation\ncoefficient between vertex degree and load, finding that it is larger for ER\nnetworks than for SF networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Influence of the Barrier Shape on Resonant Activation: The escape of a Brownian particle over a dichotomously fluctuating barrier is\ninvestigated for various shapes of the barrier. The problem of resonant\nactivation is revisited with the attention on the effect of the barrier shape\non optimal value of the mean escape time in the system. The characteristic\nfeatures of resonant behavior are analyzed for barriers switching either\nbetween different heights, or \"on\" and \"off\" positions. PACS number(s):\n05.10-a, 02.50.-r, 82.20.-wj.",
        "positive": "Quantum quench dynamics in the transverse-field Ising model: A numerical\n  expansion in linked rectangular clusters: We study quantum quenches in the transverse-field Ising model defined on\ndifferent lattice geometries such as chains, two- and three-leg ladders, and\ntwo-dimensional square lattices. Starting from fully polarized initial states,\nwe consider the dynamics of the transverse and the longitudinal magnetization\nfor quenches to weak, strong, and critical values of the transverse field. To\nthis end, we rely on an efficient combination of numerical linked cluster\nexpansions (NLCEs) and a forward propagation of pure states in real time. As a\nmain result, we demonstrate that NLCEs comprising solely rectangular clusters\nprovide a promising approach to study the real-time dynamics of two-dimensional\nquantum many-body systems directly in the thermodynamic limit. By comparing to\nexisting data from the literature, we unveil that NLCEs yield converged results\non time scales which are competitive to other state-of-the-art numerical\nmethods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Trajectory phase transitions in non-interacting spin systems: We show that a collection of independent Ising spins evolving stochastically\ncan display surprisingly large fluctuations towards ordered behaviour, as\nquantified by certain types of time-integrated plaquette observables, despite\nthe underlying dynamics being non-interacting. In the large deviation (LD)\nregime of long times and large system size, this can give rise to a phase\ntransition in trajectory space. As a non-interacting system we consider a\ncollection of spins undergoing single spin-flip dynamics at\ninfinite-temperature. For the dynamical observables we study, the associated\ntilted generators have an exact and explicit spin-plaquette duality. Such setup\nsuggests the existence of a transition (in the large size limit) at the\nself-dual point of the tilted generator. The nature of the LD transition\ndepends on the observable. We consider explicitly two situations: (i) for a\npairwise bond observable the LD transition is continuous, and equivalent to\nthat of the transverse field Ising model; (ii) for a higher order plaquette\nobservable, in contrast, the LD transition is first order. Case (i) is easy to\nprove analytically, while we confirm case (ii) numerically via an efficient\ntrajectory sampling scheme that exploits the non-interacting nature of the\noriginal dynamics.",
        "positive": "The fourth virial coefficient for hard spheres in even dimension: The fourth virial coefficient is calculated exactly for a fluid of hard\nspheres in even dimensions. For this purpose the complete star cluster integral\nis expressed as the sum of two three-folded integrals only involving spherical\nangular coordinates. These integrals are solved anallytically for any even\ndimension d and working with existing expressions for the other terms of the\nfourth cluster integral we obtain an expression for the fourth virial\ncoefficient B4(d) for even d that sums a finite number of simple terms, with\nthe number of terms increasing with d."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological Defects on the Lattice: Dualities and Degeneracies: We construct topological defects in two-dimensional classical lattice models\nand quantum chains. The defects satisfy local commutation relations\nguaranteeing that the partition function is independent of their path. These\nrelations and their solutions are extended to allow defect lines to fuse,\nbranch and satisfy all the properties of a fusion category. We show how the\ntwo-dimensional classical lattice models and their topological defects are\nnaturally described by boundary conditions of a Turaev-Viro-Barrett-Westbury\npartition function. These defects allow Kramers-Wannier duality to be\ngeneralized to a large class of models, explaining exact degeneracies between\nnon-symmetry-related ground states as well as in the low-energy spectrum. They\ngive a precise and general notion of twisted boundary conditions and the\nuniversal behaviour under Dehn twists. Gluing a topological defect to a\nboundary yields linear identities between partition functions with different\nboundary conditions, allowing ratios of the universal g-factor to be computed\nexactly on the lattice. We develop this construction in detail in a variety of\nexamples, including the Potts, parafermion and height models.",
        "positive": "Stochastic simulations for the time evolution of systems which obey\n  generalized statistics: Fractional exclusion statistics and Gentile's\n  statistics: We present a stochastic method for the simulation of the time evolution in\nsystems which obey generalized statistics, namely fractional exclusion\nstatistics and Gentile's statistics. The transition rates are derived in the\nframework of canonical ensembles. This approach introduces a tool for\ndescribing interacting fermionic and bosonic systems in non-equilibrium as\nideal FES systems, in a computationally efficient manner. The two types of\nstatistics are analyzed comparatively, indicating their intrinsic thermodynamic\ndifferences and revealing key aspects related to the species size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "In Search of H-theorem for Ulam's Redistribution Problem: We discuss the possibility of deriving an H-theorem for the nonlinear\ndiscrete time evolution known as Ulam's redistribution of energy problem. In\nthis model particles are paired at random and then their total energy is\nredistributed between them according to some probability law. It appears\npossible to obtain the proper H-function which always increases during the\nrelaxation only for a special set of redistribution laws, given by symmetric\nbeta distributions. This H-function differs from the usual entropy by an\nadditional term that vanishes only for the uniform redistribution law. But for\narbitrary redistribution the evolution has some features of relaxation to a\nnon-equilibrium steady state and the H-function is still unknown.",
        "positive": "Ising models on the Regularized Apollonian Network: We investigate the critical properties of Ising models on a Regularized\nApollonian Network (RAN), here defined as a kind of Apollonian Network (AN) in\nwhich the connectivity asymmetry associated to its corners is removed.\nDifferent choices for the coupling constants between nearest neighbors are\nconsidered, and two different order parameters are used to detect the critical\nbehaviour. While ordinary ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic models on RAN do\nnot undergo a phase transition, some anti-ferrimagnetic models show an\ninteresting infinite order transition. All results are obtained by an exact\nanalytical approach based on iterative partial tracing of the Boltzmann factor\nas intermediate steps for the calculation of the partition function and the\norder parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-Passage Properties of Bursty Random Walks: We investigate the first-passage properties of bursty random walks on a\nfinite one-dimensional interval of length L, in which unit-length steps to the\nleft occur with probability close to one, while steps of length b to the right\n-- \"bursts\" -- occur with small probability. This stochastic process provides a\ncrude description of the early stages of virus spread in an organism after\nexposure. The interesting regime arises when b is of the order of but less than\n1, where the conditional exit time to reach L, corresponding to an infected\nstate, has a non-monotonic dependence on initial position. Both the exit\nprobability and the infection time exhibit complex dependences on the initial\ncondition due to the interplay between the burst length and interval length.",
        "positive": "Liquid Limits: The Glass Transition and Liquid-Gas Spinodal Boundaries\n  of Metastable Liquids: The liquid-gas spinodal and the glass transition define ultimate boundaries\nbeyond which substances cannot exist as (stable or metastable) liquids. The\nrelation between these limits is analyzed {\\it via} computer simulations of a\nmodel liquid. The results obtained indicate that the liquid - gas spinodal and\nthe glass transition lines intersect at a finite temperature, implying a glass\n- gas mechanical instability locus at low temperatures. The glass transition\nlines obtained by thermodynamic and dynamic criteria agree very well with each\nother."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on evidence of a transition to the ultimate regime of heat\n  transfer: It is pointed out that the simulations presented by Zhu et al. PRL 120,\n144502, (2018) were not ran to a stationary state. The claim of Zhu et al. that\nthey have found evidence to a transition to the ultimate state of heat transfer\npredicted by Kraichnan (1962) is therefore not supported by the simulations.",
        "positive": "Adaptive evolution of transcription factor binding sites: The regulation of a gene depends on the binding of transcription factors to\nspecific sites located in the regulatory region of the gene. The generation of\nthese binding sites and of cooperativity between them are essential building\nblocks in the evolution of complex regulatory networks. We study a theoretical\nmodel for the sequence evolution of binding sites by point mutations. The\napproach is based on biophysical models for the binding of transcription\nfactors to DNA. Hence we derive empirically grounded fitness landscapes, which\nenter a population genetics model including mutations, genetic drift, and\nselection. We show that the selection for factor binding generically leads to\nspecific correlations between nucleotide frequencies at different positions of\na binding site. We demonstrate the possibility of rapid adaptive evolution\ngenerating a new binding site for a given transcription factor by point\nmutations. The evolutionary time required is estimated in terms of the neutral\n(background) mutation rate, the selection coefficient, and the effective\npopulation size. The efficiency of binding site formation is seen to depend on\ntwo joint conditions: the binding site motif must be short enough and the\npromoter region must be long enough. These constraints on promoter architecture\nare indeed seen in eukaryotic systems. Furthermore, we analyse the adaptive\nevolution of genetic switches and of signal integration through binding\ncooperativity between different sites. Experimental tests of this picture\ninvolving the statistics of polymorphisms and phylogenies of sites are\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Kinetic Equations for a System of Interacting Atoms and\n  Photons: Theory and Simulations: In the present paper we introduce generalized kinetic equations describing\nthe dynamics of a system of interacting gas and photons obeying to a very\ngeneral statistics. In the space homogeneous case we study the equilibrium\nstate of the system and investigate its stability by means of Lyapounov's\ntheory. Two physically relevant situations are discussed in details: photons in\na background gas and atoms in a background radiation. After having dropped the\nstatistics generalization for atoms but keeping the statistics generalization\nfor photons, in the zero order Chapmann-Enskog approximation, we present two\nnumerical simulations where the system, initially at equilibrium, is perturbed\nby an external isotropic Dirac's delta and by a constant source of photons.",
        "positive": "Classical thermodynamics from quasi-probabilities: The basic idea of a microscopic understanding of Thermodynamics is to derive\nits main features from a microscopic probability distribution. In such a vein,\nwe investigate the thermal statistics of quasi-probabilities's semi-classical\nanalogs in phase space for the important case of quadratic Hamiltonians,\nfocusing attention in the three more important instances, i.e., those of\nWigner, $P$-, and Husimi distributions. Introduction of an effective\ntemperature permits one to obtain a unified thermodynamic description that\nencompasses and unifies the three different quasi-probability distributions.\nThis unified description turns out to be classical."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical exploration of the Aging effects in spin systems: An interesting concept that has been underexplored in the context of\ntime-dependent simulations is the correlation of total magnetization, $C(t)$%.\nOne of its main advantages over directly studying magnetization is that we do\nnot need to meticulously prepare initial magnetizations. This is because the\nevolutions are computed from initial states with spins that are independent and\ncompletely random. In this paper, we take an important step in demonstrating\nthat even for time evolutions from other initial conditions, $C(t_{0},t)$, a\nsuitable scaling can be performed to obtain universal power laws. We\nspecifically consider the significant role played by the second moment of\nmagnetization. Additionally, we complement the study by conducting a recent\ninvestigation of random matrices, which are applied to determine the critical\nproperties of the system. Our results show that the aging in the time series of\nmagnetization influences the spectral properties of matrices and their ability\nto determine the critical temperature of systems.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of Fluctuations in Quantum Simple Exclusion Processes: We consider the dynamics of fluctuations in the quantum asymmetric simple\nexclusion process (Q-ASEP) with periodic boundary conditions. The Q-ASEP\ndescribes a chain of spinless fermions with random hoppings that are induced by\na Markovian environment. We show that fluctuations of the fermionic degrees of\nfreedom obey evolution equations of Lindblad type, and derive the corresponding\nLindbladians. We identify the underlying algebraic structure by mapping them to\nnon-Hermitian spin chains and demonstrate that the operator space fragments\ninto exponentially many (in system size) sectors that are invariant under time\nevolution. At the level of quadratic fluctuations we consider the Lindbladian\non the sectors that determine the late time dynamics for the particular case of\nthe quantum symmetric simple exclusion process (Q-SSEP). We show that the\ncorresponding blocks in some cases correspond to known Yang-Baxter integrable\nmodels and investigate the level-spacing statistics in others. We carry out a\ndetailed analysis of the steady states and slow modes that govern the late time\nbehaviour and show that the dynamics of fluctuations of observables is\ndescribed in terms of closed sets of coupled linear differential-difference\nequations. The behaviour of the solutions to these equations is essentially\ndiffusive but with relevant deviations, that at sufficiently late times and\nlarge distances can be described in terms of a continuum scaling limit which we\nconstruct. We numerically check the validity of this scaling limit over a\nsignificant range of time and space scales. These results are then applied to\nthe study of operator spreading at large scales, focusing on out-of-time\nordered correlators and operator entanglement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Ising Susceptibility Scaling Function: We have dramatically extended the zero field susceptibility series at both\nhigh and low temperature of the Ising model on the triangular and honeycomb\nlattices, and used these data and newly available further terms for the square\nlattice to calculate a number of terms in the scaling function expansion around\nboth the ferromagnetic and, for the square and honeycomb lattices, the\nantiferromagnetic critical point.",
        "positive": "Evaluating the Jones polynomial with tensor networks: We introduce tensor network contraction algorithms for the evaluation of the\nJones polynomial of arbitrary knots. The value of the Jones polynomial of a\nknot maps to the partition function of a $q$-state Potts model defined as a\nplanar graph with weighted edges that corresponds to the knot. For any integer\n$q$, we cast this partition function into tensor network form and employ fast\ntensor network contraction protocols to obtain the exact tensor trace, and thus\nthe value of the Jones polynomial. By sampling random knots via a grid-walk\nprocedure and computing the full tensor trace, we demonstrate numerically that\nthe Jones polynomial can be evaluated in time that scales subexponentially with\nthe number of crossings in the typical case. This allows us to evaluate the\nJones polynomial of knots that are too complex to be treated with other\navailable methods. Our results establish tensor network methods as a practical\ntool for the study of knots."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finding and improving bounds of real functions by thermodynamic\n  arguments: The possibility of stating the second law of thermodynamics in terms of the\nincreasing behaviour of a physical property establishes a connection between\nthat branch of physics and the theory of algebraic inequalities. We use this\nconnection to show how some well-known inequalities such as the standard bounds\nfor the logarithmic function or generalizations of Bernoulli's inequality can\nbe derived by thermodynamic methods. Additionally, we show that by comparing\nthe global entropy production in processes implemented with decreasing levels\nof irreversibility but subject to the same change of state of one particular\nsystem, we can find progressively better bounds for the real function that\nrepresents the entropy variation of the system. As an application, some new\nfamilies of bounds for the function $\\log(1+x)$ are obtained by this method.",
        "positive": "Moderate deviations for diffusion in time dependent random media: The position $x(t)$ of a particle diffusing in a one-dimensional uncorrelated\nand time dependent random medium is simply Gaussian distributed in the typical\ndirection, i.e. along the ray $x=v_0 t$, where $v_0$ is the average drift.\nHowever, it has been found that it exhibits at large time sample to sample\nfluctuations characteristic of the KPZ universality class when observed in an\natypical direction, i.e. along the ray $x = v t$ with $v \\neq v_0$. Here we\nshow, from exact solutions, that in the moderate deviation regime $x - v_0 t\n\\propto t^{3/4}$ these fluctuations are precisely described by the finite time\nKPZ equation, which thus describes the crossover between the Gaussian typical\nregime and the KPZ fixed point regime for the large deviations. This confirms\nheuristic arguments given in [2]. These exact results include the discrete\nmodel known as the Beta RWRE, and a continuum diffusion. They predict the\nbehavior of the maximum of a large number of independent walkers, which should\nbe easier to observe (e.g. in experiments) in this moderate deviations regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local pairing of Feynman histories in many-body Floquet models: We study many-body quantum dynamics using Floquet quantum circuits in one\nspace dimension as simple examples of systems with local interactions that\nsupport ergodic phases. Physical properties can be expressed in terms of\nmultiple sums over Feynman histories, which for these models are paths or\nmany-body orbits in Fock space. A natural simplification of such sums is the\ndiagonal approximation, where the only terms that are retained are ones in\nwhich each path is paired with a partner that carries the complex conjugate\nweight. We identify the regime in which the diagonal approximation holds, and\nthe nature of the leading corrections to it. We focus on the behaviour of the\nspectral form factor (SFF) and of matrix elements of local operators, averaged\nover an ensemble of random circuits, making comparisons with the predictions of\nrandom matrix theory (RMT) and the eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis (ETH).\nWe show that properties are dominated at long times by contributions to orbit\nsums in which each orbit is paired locally with a conjugate, as in the diagonal\napproximation, but that in large systems these contributions consist of many\nspatial domains, with distinct local pairings in neighbouring domains. The\nexistence of these domains is reflected in deviations of the SFF from RMT\npredictions, and of matrix element correlations from ETH predictions;\ndeviations of both kinds diverge with system size. We demonstrate that our\nphysical picture of orbit-pairing domains has a precise correspondence in the\nspectral properties of a transfer matrix that acts in the space direction to\ngenerate the ensemble-averaged SFF. In addition, we find that domains of a\nsecond type control non-Gaussian fluctuations of the SFF. These domains are\nseparated by walls which are related to the entanglement membrane, known to\ncharacterise the scrambling of quantum information.",
        "positive": "Spatial stochastic resonance in 1D Ising systems: The 1D Ising model is analytically studied in a spatially periodic and\noscillatory external magnetic field using the transfer-matrix method. For low\nenough magnetic field intensities the correlation between the external magnetic\nfield and the response in magnetization presents a maximum for a given\ntemperature. The phenomenon can be interpreted as a resonance phenomenon\ninduced by the stochastic heatbath. This novel \"spatial stochastic resonance\"\nhas a different origin from the classical stochastic resonance phenomenon."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wang-Landau Monte Carlo simulation of isotropic-nematic transition in\n  liquid crystals: Wang and Landau proposed recently, a simple and flexible non-Boltzmann Monte\nCarlo method for estimating the density of states, from which the macroscopic\nproperties of a closed system can be calculated. They demonstrated their\nalgorithm by cocontinuous energy spectrum. We propose in this paper\nmodifications nsidering systems with discrete energy spectrum. We find that the\nWang-Landau algorithm does not perform well when the system has continuous\nenergy spectrum. We propose in this paper modifications to the algorithm and\ndemonstrate their performance on a lattice model of liquid crystalline system\n(with Lebwohl-Lasher interaction having continuously varying energy),\nexhibiting transition from high temperature isotropic to low temperature\nnematic phase.",
        "positive": "Experimental implementation of finite-time Carnot cycle: The Carnot cycle is a prototype of ideal heat engine to draw mechanical\nenergy from the heat flux between two thermal baths with the maximum\nefficiency, dubbed as the Carnot efficiency $\\eta_{\\mathrm{C}}$. Such\nefficiency can only be reached by thermodynamical equilibrium processes with\ninfinite time, accompanied unavoidably with vanishing power - energy output per\nunit time. In real-world applications, the quest to acquire high power leads to\nan open question whether a fundamental maximum efficiency exists for\nfinite-time heat engines with given power. We experimentally implement a\nfinite-time Carnot cycle with sealed dry air as working substance and verify\nthe existence of a tradeoff relation between power and efficiency. Efficiency\nup to $(0.524\\pm0.034)\\eta_{\\mathrm{C}}$ is reached for the engine to generate\nthe maximum power, consistent with the theoretical prediction\n$\\eta_{\\mathrm{C}}/2$. Our results shall provide a new platform for studying\nfinite-time thermodynamics consisting of nonequilibrium processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Postponing the dynamical transition density using competing interactions: Systems of dense spheres interacting through very short-ranged attraction are\nknown from theory, simulations and colloidal experiments to exhibit dynamical\nreentrance. The liquid state can thus be fluidized to higher densities than\notherwise possible with interactions that are purely repulsive or long-ranged\nattractive. A recent mean-field, infinite-dimensional calculation predicts that\nthe dynamical arrest of the fluid can be further delayed by adding a\nlonger-ranged repulsive contribution to the short-ranged attraction. We examine\nthis proposal by performing extensive numerical simulations in a\nthree-dimensional system. We first find the short-ranged attraction parameters\nnecessary to achieve the densest liquid state, and then explore the parameters\nspace for an additional longer-ranged repulsion that could enhance the effect.\nIn the family of systems studied, no significant (within numerical accuracy)\ndelay of the dynamical arrest is observed beyond what is already achieved by\nthe short-ranged attraction. Possible explanations are discussed.",
        "positive": "Crossing Probabilities in Critical 2-D Percolation and Modular Forms: Crossing probabilities for critical 2-D percolation on large but finite\nlattices have been derived via boundary conformal field theory. These\npredictions agree very well with numerical results. However, their derivation\nis heuristic and there is evidence of additional symmetries in the problem.\nThis contribution gives a preliminary examination some unusual modular behavior\nof these quantities. In particular, the derivatives of the \"horizontal\" and\n\"horizontal-vertical\" crossing probabilities transform as a vector modular\nform, one component of which is an ordinary modular form and the other the\nproduct of a modular form with the integral of a modular form. We include\nconsideration of the interplay between conformal and modular invariance that\narises."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact results of a mixed spin-1/2 and spin-S Ising model on a bathroom\n  tile (4-8) lattice: effect of uniaxial single-ion anisotropy: Effect of uniaxial single-ion anisotropy upon magnetic properties of a mixed\nspin-1/2 and spin-S (S>=1) Ising model on a bathroom tile (4-8) lattice is\nexamined within the framework of an exact star-triangle mapping transformation.\nThe particular attention is focused on the phase diagrams established for\nseveral values of the quantum spin number S. It is shown that the mixed-spin\nbathroom tile lattice exhibits very similar phase boundaries as the mixed-spin\nhoneycomb lattice whose critical points are merely slightly enhanced with\nrespect to the former ones. The influence of uniaxial single-ion anisotropy\nupon the total magnetization vs. temperature dependence is particularly\ninvestigated as well.",
        "positive": "Universal function of the non-equilibrium phase transition of nonlinear\n  P\u00f3lya urn: We study the phase transition and the critical properties of a nonlinear\nP\\'{o}lya urn, which is a simple binary stochastic process $X(t)\\in\n\\{0,1\\},t=1,\\cdots$ with a feedback mechanism. Let $f$ be a continuous function\nfrom the unit interval to itself, and $z(t)$ be the proportion of the first $t$\nvariables $X(1),\\cdots,X(t)$ that take the value 1. $X(t+1)$ takes the value 1\nwith probability $f(z(t))$. When the number of stable fixed points of $f(z)$\nchanges, the system undergoes a non-equilibrium phase transition and the order\nparameter is the limit value of the autocorrelation function. When the system\nis $Z_{2}$ symmetric, that is, $f(z)=1-f(1-z)$, a continuous phase transition\noccurs, and the autocorrelation function behaves asymptotically as\n$\\ln(t+1)^{-1/2}g(\\ln(t+1)/\\xi)$, with a suitable definition of the correlation\nlength $\\xi$ and the universal function $g(x)$. We derive $g(x)$ analytically\nusing stochastic differential equations and the expansion about the strength of\nstochastic noise. $g(x)$ determines the asymptotic behavior of the\nautocorrelation function near the critical point and the universality class of\nthe phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Reactions A+A+...+A->0 at a One-Dimensional Periodic Lattice of\n  Catalytic Centers: Exact Solution: The kinetics of the diffusion-controlled chemical reactions A+A+...+A->0 that\noccur at catalytic centers periodically arranged along a straight line is\nconsidered. Modes of the behavior of reaction probability W(t) were studied at\ndifferent times and different densities of the catalyst. Within the\nSmoluchowski approximation, it was rigorously proved that at large times the\nfunction W(t) is independent of the lattice period. This means that, in the\ngiven asymptotic mode, the probability of the reaction on a lattice with a\ncatalyst placed in each lattice site is the same as on a lattice with a\ncatalyst placed in sparse sites.",
        "positive": "Empirical investigation of a quantum field theory of forward rates: A new test of a wide class of interest rate models is proposed and applied to\na recently developed quantum field theoretic model and the industry standard\nHeath-Jarrow-Morton model. This test is independent of the volatility function\nunlike other tests previously proposed in the literature. It is found that the\nHJM model is inconsistent with the data while the quantum field theoretic model\nis in significant agreement with data. We also show that a portion of the\nspread between long and short term interest rates is explicable in terms of\nthis model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermalization dynamics close to a quantum phase transition: We investigate the dissipative dynamics of a quantum critical system in\ncontact with a thermal bath. In analogy with the standard protocol employed to\nanalyze aging, we study the response of a system to a sudden change of the bath\ntemperature. The specific example of the XY model in a transverse magnetic\nfield whose spins are locally coupled to a set of bosonic baths is considered.\nThe peculiar nature of the dynamics is encoded in the correlations developing\nout of equilibrium. By means of a kinetic equation we analyze the spin-spin\ncorrelations and block correlations. We identify some universal features in the\nout-of-equilibrium dynamics. Two distinct regimes, characterized by different\ntime and length scales, emerge. During the initial transient the dynamics is\ncharacterized by the same critical exponents as those of the equilibrium\nquantum phase transition and resembles the dynamics of thermal phase\ntransitions. At long times equilibrium is reached through the propagation along\nthe chain of a thermal front in a manner similar to the classical Glauber\ndynamics.",
        "positive": "Mixed spin-1/2 and 3/2 Ising model with multi-spin interactions on a\n  decorated square lattice: A mixed spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 Ising model on a decorated square lattice with\na nearest- neighbor interaction, next-nearest-neighbor bilinear interaction,\nthree-site four-spin in- teraction and single-ion anisotropy is exactly\ninvestigated using a generalized decoration- iteration transformation,\nCallen-Suzuki identity and differential operator technique. The ground-state\nand finite-temperature phase boundaries are obtained by identifying all rel-\nevant phases corresponding to minimum internal or free energy of the system.\nThe thermal dependencies of magnetization, correlation functions, entropy and\nspecific heat are also calculated exactly and the most interesting cases are\ndiscussed in detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density profiles of the exclusive queueing process: The exclusive queueing process (EQP) incorporates the exclusion principle\ninto classic queueing models. It can be interpreted as an exclusion process of\nvariable system length. Here we extend previous studies of its phase diagram by\nidentifying subphases which can be distinguished by the number of plateaus in\nthe density profiles. Furthermore the influence of different update procedures\n(parallel, backward-ordered, continuous time) is determined.",
        "positive": "Nonadditive entropy reconciles the area law in quantum systems with\n  classical thermodynamics: The Boltzmann-Gibbs-von Neumann entropy of a large part (of linear size L) of\nsome (much larger) d-dimensional quantum systems follows the so-called area law\n(as for black holes), i.e., it is proportional to $L^{d-1}$. Here we show, for\nd=1,2, that the (nonadditive) entropy S_q satisfies, for a special value of $q\n\\neq 1$, the classical thermodynamical prescription for the entropy to be\nextensive, i.e., $S_q \\propto L^d$. Therefore, we reconcile with classical\nthermodynamics the area law widespread in quantum systems. Recently, a similar\nbehavior was exhibited, by M. Gell-Mann, Y. Sato and one of us (C.T.), in\nmathematical models with scale-invariant correlations. Finally, we find that\nthe system critical features are marked by a maximum of the special entropic\nindex q."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Finite Size Study of the 2dOCP at Gamma=4 and Gamma=6: An exact numerical study is undertaken into the finite $N$ calculation of the\nfree energy and distribution functions for the two-dimensional one-component\nplasma. Both disk and sphere geometries are considered, with the coupling\n$\\Gamma$ set equal to 4 and 6. Extrapolation of our data for the free energy is\nconsistent with the existence of a universal term ${\\chi \\over 12} \\log N$,\nwhere $\\chi$ denotes the Euler characteristic of the surface, as predicted\ntheoretically. The exact finite $N$ density profile is shown to give poor\nagreement with the contact theorem relating the density at contact and\npotential drop to the pressure in the thermodynamic limit. This is understood\ntheoretically via a known finite $N$ version of the contact theorem.\nFurthermore, the ideas behind the derivation of the latter result are extended\nto give a sum rule for the second moment of the pair correlation in the finite\ndisk, which in the thermodynamic limit converges to the Stillinger-Lovett\nresult.",
        "positive": "Analysis of diffusion and trapping efficiency for random walks on\n  non-fractal scale-free trees: We study discrete random walks on the NFSFT and provide new methods to\ncalculate the analytic solutions of the MFPT for any pair of nodes, the MTT for\nany target node and MDT for any source node. Further more, using the MTT and\nthe MDT as the measures of trapping efficiency and diffusion efficiency\nrespectively, we compare the trapping efficiency and diffusion efficiency for\nany two nodes of NFSFT and find the best (or worst) trapping sites and the best\n(or worst) diffusion sites. Our results show that: the two hubs of NFSFT is the\nbest trapping site, but it is also the worst diffusion site, the nodes which\nare the farthest nodes from the two hubs are the worst trapping sites, but they\nare also the best diffusion sites. Comparing the maximum and minimum of MTT and\nMDT, we found that the ratio between the maximum and minimum of MTT grows\nlogarithmically with network order, but the ratio between the maximum and\nminimum of MTT is almost equal to $1$. These results implie that the trap's\nposition has great effect on the trapping efficiency, but the position of\nsource node almost has no effect on diffusion efficiency. We also conducted\nnumerical simulation to test the results we have derived, the results we\nderived are consistent with those obtained by numerical simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Macroscopically constrained Wang-Landau method for systems with multiple\n  order parameters and its application to drawing complex phase diagrams: A generalized approach to Wang-Landau simulations, macroscopically\nconstrained Wang-Landau, is proposed to simulate the density of states of a\nsystem with multiple macroscopic order parameters. The method breaks a\nmultidimensional random-walk process in phase space into many separate,\none-dimensional random-walk processes in well-defined subspaces. Each of these\nrandom walks is constrained to a different set of values of the macroscopic\norder parameters. When the multi-variable density of states is obtained for one\nset of values of field-like model parameters, the density of states for any\nother values of these parameters can be obtained by a simple transformation of\nthe total system energy. All thermodynamic quantities of the system can then be\nrapidly calculated at any point in the phase diagram. We demonstrate how to use\nthe multi-variable density of states to draw the phase diagram, as well as\norder-parameter probability distributions at specific phase points, for a model\nspin-crossover material: an antiferromagnetic Ising model with ferromagnetic\nlong-range interactions. The field-like parameters in this model are an\neffective magnetic field and the strength of the long-range interaction.",
        "positive": "Motor-driven Dynamics of Cytoskeletal FIlaments in Motility Assays: We model analytically the dynamics of a cytoskeletal filament in a motility\nassay. The filament is described as rigid rod free to slide in two dimensions.\nThe motor proteins consist of polymeric tails tethered to the plane and modeled\nas linear springs and motor heads that bind to the filament. As in related\nmodels of rigid and soft two-state motors, the binding/unbinding dynamics of\nthe motor heads and the dependence of the transition rates on the load exerted\nby the motor tails play a crucial role in controlling the filament's dynamics.\nOur work shows that the filament effectively behaves as a self-propelled rod at\nlong times, but with non-Markovian noise sources arising from the coupling to\nthe motor binding/unbinding dynamics. The effective propulsion force of the\nfilament and the active renormalization of the various friction and diffusion\nconstants are calculated in terms of microscopic motor and filament parameters.\nThese quantities could be probed by optical force microscopy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slower Speed and Stronger Coupling: Adaptive Mechanisms of\n  Self-Organized Chaos Synchronization: We show that two initially weakly coupled chaotic systems can achieve\nself-organized synchronization by adaptively reducing their speed and/or\nenhancing the coupling strength. Explicit adaptive algorithms for\nspeed-reduction and coupling-enhancement are provided. We apply these\nalgorithms to the self-organized synchronization of two coupled Lorenz systems.\nIt is found that after a long-time self-organized process, the two coupled\nchaotic systems can achieve synchronization with almost minimum required\ncoupling-speed ratio.",
        "positive": "First-passage dynamics of linear stochastic interface models: numerical\n  simulations and entropic repulsion effect: A fluctuating interfacial profile in one dimension is studied via Langevin\nsimulations of the Edwards-Wilkinson equation with non-conserved noise and the\nMullins-Herring equation with conserved noise. The profile is subject to either\nperiodic or Dirichlet (no-flux) boundary conditions. We determine the\nnoise-driven time-evolution of the profile between an initially flat\nconfiguration and the instant at which the profile reaches a given height $M$\nfor the first time. The shape of the averaged profile agrees well with the\nprediction of weak-noise theory (WNT), which describes the most-likely\ntrajectory to a fixed first-passage time. Furthermore, in agreement with WNT,\non average the profile approaches the height $M$ algebraically in time, with an\nexponent that is essentially independent of the boundary conditions. However,\nthe actual value of the dynamic exponent turns out to be significantly smaller\nthan predicted by WNT. This \"renormalization\" of the exponent is explained in\nterms of the entropic repulsion exerted by the impenetrable boundary on the\nfluctuations of the profile around its most-likely path. The entropic repulsion\nmechanism is analyzed in detail for a single (fractional) Brownian walker,\nwhich describes the anomalous diffusion of a tagged monomer of the interface as\nit approaches the absorbing boundary. The present study sheds light on the\naccuracy and the limitations of the weak-noise approximation for the\ndescription of the full first-passage dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Melting in two dimensions with particle conservation: This paper has been withdrawn.",
        "positive": "Ballistic spin transport in a periodically driven integrable quantum\n  system: We demonstrate ballistic spin transport of an integrable unitary quantum\ncircuit, which can be understood either as a paradigm of an integrable\nperiodically driven (Floquet) spin chain, or as a Trotterized anisotropic\n($XXZ$) Heisenberg spin-1/2 model. We construct an analytic family of\nquasi-local conservation laws that break the spin-reversal symmetry and compute\na lower bound on the spin Drude weight which is found to be a fractal function\nof the anisotropy parameter. Extensive numerical simulations of spin transport\nsuggest that this fractal lower bound is in fact tight."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The nematic-disordered phase transition in systems of long rigid rods on\n  two dimensional lattices: We study the phase transition from a nematic phase to a high-density\ndisordered phase in systems of long rigid rods of length $k$ on the square and\ntriangular lattices. We use an efficient Monte Carlo scheme that partly\novercomes the problem of very large relaxation times of nearly jammed\nconfigurations. The existence of a continuous transition is observed on both\nlattices for $k=7$. We study correlations in the high-density disordered phase,\nand we find evidence of a crossover length scale $\\xi^* \\gtrsim 1400$, on the\nsquare lattice. For distances smaller than $\\xi^*$, correlations appear to\ndecay algebraically. Our best estimates of the critical exponents differ from\nthose of the Ising model, but we cannot rule out a crossover to Ising\nuniversality class at length scales $\\gg \\xi^*$. On the triangular lattice, the\ncritical exponents are consistent with those of the two dimensional three-state\nPotts universality class.",
        "positive": "Relevance of sampling schemes in light of Ruelle's linear response\n  theory: We reconsider the theory of the linear response of non-equilibrium steady\nstates to perturbations. We first show that by using a general functional\ndecomposition for space-time dependent forcings, we can define elementary\nsusceptibilities that allow to construct the response of the system to general\nperturbations. Starting from the definition of SRB measure, we then study the\nconsequence of taking different sampling schemes for analysing the response of\nthe system. We show that only a specific choice of the time horizon for\nevaluating the response of the system to a general time-dependent perturbation\nallows to obtain the formula first presented by Ruelle. We also discuss the\nspecial case of periodic perturbations, showing that when they are taken into\nconsideration the sampling can be fine-tuned to make the definition of the\ncorrect time horizon immaterial. Finally, we discuss the implications of our\nresults in terms of strategies for analyzing the outputs of numerical\nexperiments by providing a critical review of a formula proposed by Reick."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long Time Behvaior of the Kondo Model After a Quench: We find the statistical weight of excitations at long times following a\nquench in the Kondo problem. The weights computed are directly related to the\noverlap between initial and final states that are, respectively, states close\nto the Kondo ground state and states close to the normal metal ground state.\nThe overlap is computed making use of the Slavnov approach, whereby a\nfunctional representation method is adopted, in order to obtain definite\nexpressions.",
        "positive": "Characterizing the asymmetry in hardness between synthesis and\n  destruction of heteropolymers: We present a simple model describing the assembly and disassembly of\nheteropolymers consisting of two types of monomers $A$ and $B$. We prove that\nno matter how we manipulate the concentrations of $A$ and $B$, it takes longer\nthan the exponential function of $d$ to synthesize a fixed amount of the\ndesired heteropolymer, where $d$ is the number of $A$-$B$ connections. We also\nprove the decomposition time is linear for chain length $n$. When $d$ is\nproportional to $n$, synthesis and destruction have an exponential asymmetry.\nOur findings may facilitate research on the more general asymmetry of\noperational hardness."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of Hyperuniformity at the Absorbing State Transition: Hyperuniformity, whereby the static structure factor (or density correlator)\nobeys $S(q)\\sim q^{\\varsigma}$ with $\\varsigma> 0$, emerges at criticality in\nsystems having multiple absorbing states, such as periodically sheared\nsuspensions. These lie in the conserved directed percolation (C-DP)\nuniversality class, for which analytic results for $\\varsigma$ are lacking.\nSpecifically, $\\varsigma$ appears inaccessible within an exact `interfacial\nmapping' that yields other C-DP exponents via functional renormalization group\n(FRG). Here, using Doi-Peliti field theory for interacting particles and\nperturbative RG about a Gaussian model, we find $\\varsigma = 0^+$ and\n$\\varsigma= 2\\epsilon/9 + O(\\epsilon^2)$ in dimension $d>4$ and $d=4-\\epsilon$\nrespectively. The latter disproves a previously conjectured scaling relation\nfor $\\varsigma$. We show how hyperuniformity emerges from anticorrelation of\nstrongly fluctuating active and passive densities. Our calculations also yield\nthe remaining C-DP exponents without recourse to functional RG methods.",
        "positive": "Stochastic description of the stationary Hall effect: The properties which characterize the stationary Hall effect in a Hall bar\nare derived from the Langevin equations describing the Brownian motion of an\nensemble of interacting moving charges in a constant externally applied\nelectromagnetic field. It is demonstrated that a non-uniform current density a)\nsuperimposes on the injected one, b) is confined in a boundary layer located\nnear the edges over the Debye-Fermi length scale c) results from the coupling\nbetween diffusion and conduction and d) arises because of charge accumulation\nat the edges. The theory can easily be transposed to describe the Hall effect\nin metals, semi-conductors and plasmas and agrees with standard and previously\npublished results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probability distribution of persistent spins in a Ising chain: We study the probability distribution $Q(n,t)$ of $n(t)$, the fraction of\nspins unflipped till time $t$, in a Ising chain with ferromagnetic\ninteractions. The distribution shows a peak at $n=n_{max}$ and in general is\nnon-Gaussian and asymmetric in nature. However for $n>n_{max}$ it shows a\nGaussian decay. A data collapse can be obtained when $Q(n,t)/L^{\\alpha}$ versus\n$(n-n_{max})L^{\\beta}$ is plotted with $\\alpha \\sim 0.45$ and $\\beta \\sim 0.6$.\nInterestingly, $n_{max}(t)$ shows a different behaviour compared to $<n(t)> =\nP(t)$, the persistence probability which follows the well-known behaviour\n$P(t)\\sim t^{-\\theta}$. A quantitative estimate of the asymmetry and\nnon-Gaussian nature of $Q(n,t)$ is made by calculating its skewness and\nkurtosis.",
        "positive": "Geometric frustration in the class of exactly solvable Ising-Heisenberg\n  diamond chains: Ground-state and finite-temperature properties of the mixed spin-1/2 and\nspin-S Ising-Heisenberg diamond chains are examined within an exact analytical\napproach based on the generalized decoration-iteration map. A particular\nemphasis is laid on the investigation of the effect of geometric frustration,\nwhich is generated by the competition between Heisenberg- and Ising-type\nexchange interactions. It is found that an interplay between the geometric\nfrustration and quantum effects gives rise to several quantum ground states\nwith entangled spin states in addition to some semi-classically ordered ones.\nAmong the most interesting results to emerge from our study one could mention a\nrigorous evidence for quantized plateux in magnetization curves, an appearance\nof the round minimum in the thermal dependence of susceptibility times\ntemperature data, double-peak zero-field specific heat curves, or an enhanced\nmagnetocaloric effect when the frustration comes into play. The triple-peak\nspecific heat curve is also detected when applying small external field to the\nsystem driven by the frustration into the disordered state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of driven flow with exclusion in graphene-like structures: We present a mean-field theory for the dynamics of driven flow with exclusion\nin graphenelike structures, and numerically check its predictions. We treat\nfirst a specific combination of bond transmissivity rates, where mean field\npredicts, and numerics to a large extent confirms, that the sublattice\nstructure characteristic of honeycomb networks becomes irrelevant. Dynamics, in\nthe various regions of the phase diagram set by open boundary injection and\nejection rates, is then in general identical to that of one-dimensional\nsystems, although some discrepancies remain between mean-field theory and\nnumerical results, in similar ways for both geometries. However, at the\ncritical point for which the characteristic exponent is z = 3/2 in one\ndimension, the mean-field value z = 2 is approached for very large systems with\nconstant (finite) aspect ratio. We also treat a second combination of bond (and\nboundary) rates where, more typically, sublattice distinction persists. For the\ntwo rate combinations, in continuum or late-time limits, respectively, the\ncoupled sets of mean-field dynamical equations become tractable with various\ntechniques and give a two-band spectrum, gapless in the critical phase. While\nfor the second rate combination quantitative discrepancies between mean-field\ntheory and simulations increase for most properties and boundary rates\ninvestigated, theory still is qualitatively correct in general, and gives a\nfairly good quantitative account of features such as the late-time evolution of\ndensity profile differences from their steady-state values.",
        "positive": "Width scaling of an interface constrained by a membrane: We investigate the shape of a growing interface in the presence of an\nimpenetrable moving membrane. The two distinct geometrical arrangements of the\ninterface and membrane, obtained by placing the membrane behind or ahead of the\ninterface, are not symmetrically related. On the basis of numerical results and\nan exact calculation, we argue that these two arrangements represent two\ndistinct universality classes for interfacial growth: whilst the\nwell-established Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) growth is obtained in the `ahead'\narrangement, we find an arrested KPZ growth with a smaller roughness exponent\nin the `behind' arrangement. This suggests that the surface properties of\ngrowing cell membranes and expanding bacterial colonies, for example, are\nfundamentally distinct."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian heat engine with active reservoirs: Microorganisms such as bacteria are active matters which consume chemical\nenergy and generate their unique run-and-tumble motion. A swarm of such\nmicroorganisms provide a nonequilibrium active environment whose noise\ncharacteristics are different from those of thermal equilibrium reservoirs. One\nimportant difference is a finite persistence time, which is considerably large\ncompared to that of the equilibrium noise, that is, the active noise is\ncolored. Here, we study a mesoscopic energy-harvesting device (engine) with\nactive reservoirs harnessing this noise nature. For a simple linear model, we\nanalytically show that the engine efficiency can surpass the conventional\nCarnot bound, thus the power-efficiency tradeoff constraint is released, and\nthe efficiency at the maximum power can overcome the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency.\nWe find that the supremacy of the active engine critically depends on the\ntime-scale symmetry of two active reservoirs.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of supercooled water confined to hydrophilic nanopores: We present a phase diagram for water confined to cylindrical silica nanopores\nin terms of pressure, temperature and pore radius. The confining cylindrical\nwall is hydrophilic and disordered, which has a destabilizing effect on ordered\nwater structure. The phase diagram for this class of systems is derived from\ngeneral arguments, with parameters taken from experimental observations and\ncomputer simulations and with assumptions tested by computer simulation. Phase\nspace divides into three regions: a single liquid, a crystal-like solid, and\nglass. For large pores, radii exceeding 1 nm, water exhibits liquid and\ncrystal-like behaviors, with abrupt crossovers between these regimes. For small\npore radii, crystal-like behavior is unstable and water remains amorphous for\nall non-zero temperatures. At low enough temperatures, these states are\nglasses. Several experimental results for supercooled water can be understood\nin terms of the phase diagram we present."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Casimir Interactions Between Spherical Particles in the\n  Presence of the Bulk Ordering Fields: The spatial suppression of order parameter fluctuations in a critical media\nproduces Critical Casimir forces acting on confining surfaces. This scenario is\nrealized in a critical binary mixture near the demixing transition point that\ncorresponds to the second order phase transition of the Ising universality\nclass. Due to these critical interactions similar colloids, immersed in a\ncritical binary mixture near the consolute point, exhibit attraction. The\nnumerical method for computation of the interaction potential between two\nspherical particles using Monte Carlo simulations for the Ising model is\nproposed. This method is based on the integration of the local magnetization\nover the applied local magnetic field. For the stronger interaction the\nconcentration of the component of the mixture that does not wet colloidal\nparticles, should be larger, than the critical concentration. The strongest\namplitude of the interactions is observed below the critical point.",
        "positive": "Chaotic Lattice - Gas Model: A nonuniform system is considered consisting of two phases with different\ndensities of particles. At each given time the distribution of the phases in\nspace is chaotic: each phase filling a set of regions with random shapes and\nlocations. A chaotic diffusion process intermixes these regions by varying\ntheir shapes and locations in a random way. To investigate the statistical\nproperties of such a system, it is exemplified by a lattice-gas model.\nConditions are analysed when this chaotic lattice-gas model can become\nthermodynamically more stable than the usual model describing a pure one-phase\nsystem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The absence of phase transition for the classical XY-model on Sierpinski\n  pyramid with fractal dimension D=2: For the spin models with continuous symmetry on regular lattices and finite\nrange of interactions the lower critical dimension is d=2. In two dimensions\nthe classical XY-model displays Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition\nassociated with unbinding of topological defects (vortices and antivortices).\nWe perform a Monte Carlo study of the classical XY-model on Sierpinski pyramids\nwhose fractal dimension is D=log4/log2=2 and the average coordination number\nper site is about 7. The specific heat does not depend on the system size which\nindicates the absence of long range order. From the dependence of the helicity\nmodulus on the cluster size and on boundary conditions we draw a conclusion\nthat in the thermodynamic limit there is no Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless\ntransition at any finite temperature. This conclusion is also supported by our\nresults for linear magnetic susceptibility. The lack of finite temperature\nphase transition is presumably caused by the finite order of ramification of\nSierpinski pyramid.",
        "positive": "Work, entropy production, and thermodynamics of information under\n  protocol constraints: In many real-world situations, there are constraints on the ways in which a\nphysical system can be manipulated. We investigate the entropy production (EP)\nand extractable work involved in bringing a system from some initial\ndistribution $p$ to some final distribution $p'$, given that the set of master\nequations available to the driving protocol obeys some constraints. We first\nderive general bounds on EP and extractable work, as well as a decomposition of\nthe nonequilibrium free energy into an \"accessible free energy\" (which can be\nextracted as work, given a set of constraints) and an \"inaccessible free\nenergy\" (which must be dissipated as EP). In a similar vein, we consider the\nthermodynamics of information in the presence of constraints, and decompose the\ninformation acquired in a measurement into \"accessible\" and \"inaccessible\"\ncomponents. This decomposition allows us to consider the thermodynamic\nefficiency of different measurements of the same system, given a set of\nconstraints. We use our framework to analyze protocols subject to symmetry,\nmodularity, and coarse-grained constraints, and consider various examples\nincluding the Szilard box, the 2D Ising model, and a multi-particle flashing\nratchet."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin Glass Phase Transition on Scale-Free Networks: We study the Ising spin glass model on scale-free networks generated by the\nstatic model using the replica method. Based on the replica-symmetric solution,\nwe derive the phase diagram consisting of the paramagnetic (P), ferromagnetic\n(F), and spin glass (SG) phases as well as the Almeida-Thouless line as\nfunctions of the degree exponent $\\lambda$, the mean degree $K$, and the\nfraction of ferromagnetic interactions $r$. To reflect the inhomogeneity of\nvertices, we modify the magnetization $m$ and the spin glass order parameter\n$q$ with vertex-weights. The transition temperature $T_c$ ($T_g$) between the\nP-F (P-SG) phases and the critical behaviors of the order parameters are found\nanalytically. When $2 < \\lambda < 3$, $T_c$ and $T_g$ are infinite, and the\nsystem is in the F phase or the mixed phase for $r > 1/2$, while it is in the\nSG phase at $r=1/2$. $m$ and $q$ decay as power-laws with increasing\ntemperature with different $\\lambda$-dependent exponents. When $\\lambda > 3$,\nthe $T_c$ and $T_g$ are finite and related to the percolation threshold. The\ncritical exponents associated with $m$ and $q$ depend on $\\lambda$ for $3 <\n\\lambda < 5$ ($3 < \\lambda < 4$) at the P-F (P-SG) boundary.",
        "positive": "Multidimensional replica-exchange method for free-energy calculations: We have developed a new simulation algorithm for free-energy calculations.\nThe method is a multidimensional extension of the replica-exchange method.\nWhile pairs of replicas with different temperatures are exchanged during the\nsimulation in the original replica-exchange method, pairs of replicas with\ndifferent temperatures and/or different parameters of the potential energy are\nexchanged in the new algorithm. This greatly enhances the sampling of the\nconformational space and allows accurate calculations of free energy in a wide\ntemperature range from a single simulation run, using the weighted histogram\nanalysis method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractal fluctuations in the survival probability of an open quantum\n  system: We predict a multifractal behaviour of transport in the deep quantum regime\nfor the opened $\\delta-$kicked rotor model. Our analysis focuses on\nintermediate and large scale correlations in the transport signal and\ngeneralizes previously found parametric {\\em mono}-fractal fluctuations in the\nquantum survival probability on small scales.",
        "positive": "Local non-equilibrium thermodynamics: Local Shannon entropy lies at the heart of modern thermodynamics, with much\ndiscussion of trajectory-dependent entropy production. When taken at both\nboundaries of a process in phase space, it reproduces the second law of\nthermodynamics over a finite time interval for small scale systems. However,\ngiven that entropy is an ensemble property, it has never been clear how one can\nassign such a quantity locally. Given such a fundamental omission in our\nknowledge, we construct a new ensemble composed of trajectories reaching an\nindividual microstate, and show that locally defined entropy, information, and\nfree energy are properties of the ensemble, or trajectory-independent true\nthermodynamic potentials. We find that the Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution and\nLandauer's principle can be generalized naturally as properties of the\nensemble, and that trajectory-free state functions of the ensemble govern the\nexact mechanism of non-equilibrium relaxation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic dynamics of an electron in a Penning trap: phase flips\n  correlated with amplitude collapses and revivals: We study the effect of noise on the axial mode of an electron in a Penning\ntrap under parametric-resonance conditions. Our approach, based on the\napplication of averaging techniques to the description of the dynamics,\nprovides an understanding of the random phase flips detected in recent\nexperiments. The observed correlation between the phase jumps and the amplitude\ncollapses is explained. Moreover, we discuss the actual relevance of noise\ncolor to the identified phase-switching mechanism. Our approach is then\ngeneralized to analyze the persistence of the stochastic phase flips in the\ndynamics of a cloud of N electrons. In particular, we characterize the detected\nscaling of the phase-jump rate with the number of electrons.",
        "positive": "Dimers and the Ising model: We present a innovative relationship between ground states of the Ising model\nand dimer coverings which sheds new light on the Ising Models with highly\ndegenerated ground states and enables one to construct such models. Thanks to\nthis relationship we also find the generating function for dimers as the\nappropriate limit of the free energy per spin for the Ising model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exactly Solvable Single Lane Highway Traffic Model With Tollbooths: Tolls are collected on many highways as a means of traffic control and\nrevenue generation. However, the presence of tollbooths on highway surely slows\ndown traffic flow. Here, we investigate how the presence of tollbooths affect\nthe average car speed using a simple-minded single lane deterministic discrete\ntraffic model. More importantly, the model is exactly solvable.",
        "positive": "Pattern formation in the dipolar Ising model on a two-dimensional\n  honeycomb lattice: We present Monte Carlo simulation results for a two-dimensional Ising model\nwith ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor couplings and a competing long-range\ndipolar interaction on a honeycomb lattice. Both structural and thermodynamic\nproperties are very similar to the case of a square lattice, with the exception\nthat structures reflect the sixfold rotational symmetry of the underlying\nhoneycomb lattice. To deal with the long-range nature of the dipolar\ninteraction we also present a simple method of evaluating effective interaction\ncoefficients, which can be regarded as a more straightforward alternative to\nthe prevalent Ewald summation techniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergence of Hilbert Space Fragmentation in Ising Models with a Weak\n  Transverse Field: The transverse-field Ising model is one of the fundamental models in quantum\nmany-body systems, yet a full understanding of its dynamics remains elusive in\nhigher than one dimension. Here, we show for the first time the breakdown of\nergodicity in $d$-dimensional Ising models with a weak transverse field in a\nprethermal regime. We demonstrate that novel Hilbert-space fragmentation occurs\nin the effective non-integrable model with $d\\geq2$ as a consequence of only\none emergent global conservation law of the domain wall number. Our results\nindicate nontrivial initial-state dependence for non-equilibrium dynamics of\nthe Ising models in a weak transverse field.",
        "positive": "Spectra of sparse regular graphs with loops: We derive exact equations that determine the spectra of undirected and\ndirected sparsely connected regular graphs containing loops of arbitrary\nlength. The implications of our results to the structural and dynamical\nproperties of networks are discussed by showing how loops influence the size of\nthe spectral gap and the propensity for synchronization. Analytical formulas\nfor the spectrum are obtained for specific length of the loops."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality properties of steady driven coagulation with collisional\n  evaporation: Irreversible aggregation is an archetypal example of a system driven far from\nequilibrium by sources and sinks of a conserved quantity (mass). The source is\na steady input of monomers and the evaporation of colliding particles with a\nsmall probability is the sink. Using exact and heuristic analyses, we find a\nuniversal regime and two distinct non-universal regimes distinguished by the\nrelative importance of mergers between small and large particles. At the\nboundary between the regimes we find an analogue of the logarithmic correction\nconjectured by Kraichnan for two-dimensional turbulence.",
        "positive": "Markovian Description of Unbiased Polymer Translocation: We perform, with the help of cloud computing resources, extensive Langevin\nsimulations which provide compelling evidence in favor of a general markovian\nframework for unbiased polymer translocation. Our statistical analysis consists\nof careful evaluations of (i) two-point correlation functions of the\ntranslocation coordinate and (ii) the empirical probabilities of complete\npolymer translocation (taken as a function of the initial number of monomers on\na given side of the membrane). We find good agreement with predictions derived\nfrom the Markov chain approach recently addressed in the literature by the\npresent authors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Predictive statistical mechanics and macroscopic time evolution:\n  hydrodynamics and entropy production: In the previous papers (Kui\\'{c} et al. in Found Phys 42:319-339, 2012;\nKui\\'{c} in arXiv:1506.02622, 2015), it was demonstrated that applying the\nprinciple of maximum information entropy by maximizing the conditional\ninformation entropy, subject to the constraint given by the Liouville equation\naveraged over the phase space, leads to a definition of the rate of entropy\nchange for closed Hamiltonian systems without any additional assumptions. Here,\nwe generalize this basic model and, with the introduction of the additional\nconstraints which are equivalent to the hydrodynamic continuity equations, show\nthat the results obtained are consistent with the known results from the\nnonequilibrium statistical mechanics and thermodynamics of irreversible\nprocesses. In this way, as a part of the approach developed in this paper, the\nrate of entropy change and entropy production density for the classical\nHamiltonian fluid are obtained. The results obtained suggest the general\napplicability of the foundational principles of predictive statistical\nmechanics and their importance for the theory of irreversibility.",
        "positive": "Transport and Control in One-Dimensional Systems: We study transport of local magnetization in a Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain at\nzero temperature. The system is initially prepared in a highly excited pure\nstate far from equilibrium and its evolution is analyzed via exact\ndiagonalization. Integrable and non-integrable regimes are obtained by\nadjusting the parameters of the Hamiltonian, which allows for the comparison of\ntransport behaviors in both limits. In the presence of nearest neighbor\ninteractions only, the transport behavior in the integrable clean system\ncontrasts with the chaotic chain with on-site defects, oscillations in the\nfirst suggesting ballistic transport and a fast decay in the latter indicating\ndiffusive transport. The results for a non-integrable system with frustration\nare less conclusive, similarities with the integrable chain being verified. We\nalso show how methods of quantum control may be applied to chaotic systems to\ninduce a desired transport behavior, such as that of an integrable system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Finite-Size Corrections of the Entanglement Entropy of Quantum\n  Ladders and the Entropic Area Law: We investigate the finite-size corrections of the entanglement entropy of\ncritical ladders and propose a conjecture for its scaling behavior. The\nconjecture is verified for free fermions, Heisenberg and quantum Ising ladders.\nOur results support that the prefactor of the logarithmic correction of the\nentanglement entropy of critical ladder models is universal and it is\nassociated with the central charge of the one-dimensional version of the models\nand with the number of branches associated with gapless excitations. Our\nresults suggest that it is possible to infer whether there is a violation of\nthe entropic area law in two-dimensional critical systems by analyzing the\nscaling behavior of the entanglement entropy of ladder systems, which are\neasier to deal.",
        "positive": "Collapse of Bose component in Bose-Fermi mixture with attraction between\n  components: An effective Hamiltonian for the Bose system in the mixture of ultracold\natomic clouds of bosons and fermions is obtained by integrating out the Fermi\ndegrees of freedom. An instability of the Bose system is found in the case of\nattractive interaction between components in good agreement with the experiment\non the bosonic $^{87}$Rb and fermionic $^{40}$K mixture."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inverse Currents in Hamiltonian Coupled Transport: The occurrence of an inverse current, where the sign of the induced current\nis opposite to the applied force, is a highly counterintuitive phenomenon. We\nshow that inverse currents in coupled transport (ICC) of energy and particle\ncan occur in a one-dimensional interacting Hamiltonian system when its\nequilibrium state is perturbed by coupled thermodynamic forces. This seemingly\nparadoxical result is possible due to the self-organization occurring in the\nsystem in response to the applied forces.",
        "positive": "Fractionally diffusing passing through the saddle point of metastable\n  potential: The diffusion of a fractional Brownian particle passing over the saddle point\nis studied in the field of the metastable potential. The barrier escaping\nprobability is found to be greatly related to the fractional exponent $\\alpha$.\nProperties are revealed to move reversely in the opposite direction of\ndiffusion when $\\alpha$ is relatively large despite of the zero-approximating\neffective friction of the system. This is very anomalous to the standard\nBrownian motion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "High Precision Fourier Monte Carlo Simulation of Crystalline Membranes: We report an essential improvement of the plain Fourier Monte Carlo algorithm\nthat promises to be a powerful tool for investigating critical behavior in a\nlarge class of lattice models, in particular those containing microscopic or\neffective long-ranged interactions. On tuning the Monte Carlo acceptance rates\nseparately for each wave vector, we are able to drastically reduce critical\nslowing down. We illustrate the resulting efficiency and unprecedented accuracy\nof our algorithm with a calculation of the universal elastic properties of\ncrystalline membranes in the flat phase and derive a numerical estimate eta =\n0.795(10) for the critical exponent eta that challenges those derived from\nother recent simulations. The large system sizes accessible to our present\nalgorithm also allow to demonstrate that insufficiently taking into account\ncorrections to scaling may severely hamper a finite size scaling analysis. This\nobservation may also help to clarify the apparent disagreement of published\nnumerical estimates of eta in the existing literature.",
        "positive": "Spectral fingerprints of non-equilibrium dynamics: The case of a\n  Brownian gyrator: The same system can exhibit a completely different dynamical behavior when it\nevolves in equilibrium conditions or when it is driven out-of-equilibrium by,\ne.g., connecting some of its components to heat baths kept at different\ntemperatures. Here we concentrate on an analytically solvable and\nexperimentally-relevant model of such a system -- the so-called Brownian\ngyrator -- a two-dimensional nanomachine that performs a systematic, on\naverage, rotation around the origin under non-equilibrium conditions, while no\nnet rotation takes place in equilibrium. On this example, we discuss a question\nwhether it is possible to distinguish between two types of a behavior judging\nnot upon the statistical properties of the trajectories of components, but\nrather upon their respective spectral densities. The latter are widely used to\ncharacterize diverse dynamical systems and are routinely calculated from the\ndata using standard built-in packages. From such a perspective, we inquire\nwhether the power spectral densities possess some \"fingerprint\" properties\nspecific to the behavior in non-equilibrium. We show that indeed one can\nconclusively distinguish between equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics by\nanalyzing the cross-correlations between the spectral densities of both\ncomponents in the short frequency limit, or from the spectral densities of both\ncomponents evaluated at zero frequency. Our analytical predictions,\ncorroborated by experimental and numerical results, open a new direction for\nthe analysis of a non-equilibrium dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wetting behavior at the free surface of a liquid gallium-bismuth alloy:\n  An X-ray reflectivity study close to the bulk monotectic point: We present x-ray reflectivity measurements from the free surface of a liquid\ngallium-bismuth alloy (Ga-Bi) in the temperature range close to the bulk\nmonotectic temperature $T_{mono} = 222$C. Our measurements indicate a\ncontinuous formation of a thick wetting film at the free surface of the binary\nsystem driven by the first order transition in the bulk at the monotectic\npoint. We show that the behavior observed is that of a complete wetting at a\ntetra point of solid-liquid-liquid-vapor coexistance.",
        "positive": "On the relation between virial coefficients and the close-packing of\n  hard disks and hard spheres: The question of whether the known virial coefficients are enough to determine\nthe packing fraction $\\eta_\\infty$ at which the fluid equation of state of a\nhard-sphere fluid diverges is addressed. It is found that the information\nderived from the direct Pad\\'e approximants to the compressibility factor\nconstructed with the virial coefficients is inconclusive. An alternative\napproach is proposed which makes use of the same virial coefficients and of the\nequation of state in a form where the packing fraction is explicitly given as a\nfunction of the pressure. The results of this approach both for hard-disk and\nhard-sphere fluids, which can straightforwardly accommodate higher virial\ncoefficients when available, lends support to the conjecture that $\\eta_\\infty$\nis equal to the maximum packing fraction corresponding to an ordered\ncrystalline structure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the practical application of negentropic polarization of\n  thermodynamically equilibrium photon gas: In the course of the analysis of the axiomatic principles underlying\nstatistical physics, the assumption about the limited correctness of the\npostulate of equiprobability of all available microstates of a closed system\nwas tested. Earlier, the result of simulation modeling of the most probable\nstationary state of a stochastic isolated system, inside which isotropic\nmonochrome radiation spontaneously acquired anisotropic polarization, was\nobtained (later the presence of such an effect was confirmed by a natural\nexperiment). This article considers an already practically significant variant\nof suchlike a system. The conditions for the appearance of polarization\nanisotropy in a thermodynamically equilibrium medium initially filled with\nisotropic Planck radiation are predicted. Important consistent pattern of the\napplied mathematical model are noted.",
        "positive": "On the possibility of optimal investment: We analyze the theory of optimal investment in risky assets, developed\nrecently by Marsili, Maslov and Zhang [Physica A 253 (1998) 403]. When the real\ndata are used instead of abstract stochastic process, it appears that a\nnon-trivial investment strategy is rarely possible. We show that non-zero\ntransaction costs make the applicability of the method even more difficult. We\ngeneralize the method in order to take into account possible correlations in\nthe asset price."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Timescales in the quench dynamics of many-body quantum systems:\n  Participation ratio vs out-of-time ordered correlator: We study quench dynamics in the many-body Hilbert space using two isolated\nsystems with a finite number of interacting particles: a paradigmatic model of\nrandomly interacting bosons and a dynamical (clean) model of interacting\nspins-$1/2$. For both systems in the region of strong quantum chaos, the number\nof components of the evolving wave function, defined through the number of\nprincipal components $N_{pc}$ (or participation ratio), was recently found to\nincrease exponentially fast in time [Phys. Rev. E 99, 010101R (2019)]. Here, we\nask whether the out-of-time ordered correlator (OTOC), which is nowadays widely\nused to quantify instability in quantum systems, can manifest analogous\ntime-dependence. We show that $N_{pc}$ can be formally expressed as the inverse\nof the sum of all OTOC's for projection operators. While none of the individual\nprojection-OTOC's shows an exponential behavior, their sum decreases\nexponentially fast in time. The comparison between the behavior of the OTOC\nwith that of the $N_{pc}$ helps us better understand wave packet dynamics in\nthe many-body Hilbert space, in close connection with the problems of\nthermalization and information scrambling.",
        "positive": "Exact correlations in the nonequilibrium stationary state of the noisy\n  Kuramoto model: We obtain exact results on autocorrelation of the order parameter in the\nnonequilibrium stationary state of a paradigmatic model of spontaneous\ncollective synchronization, the Kuramoto model of coupled oscillators, evolving\nin presence of Gaussian, white noise. The method relies on an exact mapping of\nthe stationary-state dynamics of the model in the thermodynamic limit to the\nnoisy dynamics of a single, non-uniform oscillator, and allows to obtain\nbesides the Kuramoto model the autocorrelation in the equilibrium stationary\nstate of a related model of long-range interactions, the Brownian mean-field\nmodel. Both the models show a phase transition between a synchronized and an\nincoherent phase at a critical value of the noise strength. Our results\nindicate that in the two phases as well as at the critical point, the\nautocorrelation for both the model decays as an exponential with a rate that\nincreases continuously with the noise strength."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-universal critical behaviour of a mixed-spin Ising model on the\n  extended Kagome lattice: The mixed spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 Ising model on the extended Kagom\\'e lattice\nis solved by establishing a mapping correspondence with the eight-vertex model.\nLetting the parameter of uniaxial single-ion anisotropy tend to infinity, the\nmodel becomes exactly soluble as a free-fermion eight-vertex model. Under this\nrestriction, the critical points are characterized by critical exponents from\nthe standard Ising universality class. In a certain subspace of interaction\nparameters that corresponds to a coexistence surface between two ordered\nphases, the model becomes exactly soluble as a symmetric zero-field\neight-vertex model. This surface is bounded by a line of bicritical points that\nhave non-universal interaction-dependent critical exponents.",
        "positive": "Joint statistics of quantum transport in chaotic cavities: We study the joint statistics of conductance $G$ and shot noise $P$ in\nchaotic cavities supporting a large number $N$ of open electronic channels in\nthe two attached leads. We determine the full phase diagram in the $(G,P)$\nplane, employing a Coulomb gas technique on the joint density of transmission\neigenvalues, as dictated by Random Matrix Theory. We find that in the region of\ntypical fluctuations, conductance and shot noise are uncorrelated and jointly\nGaussian, and away from it they fluctuate according to a different joint rate\nfunction in each phase of the $(G,P)$ plane. Different functional forms of the\nrate function in different regions emerge as a direct consequence of third\norder phase transitions in the associated Coulomb gas problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A new mechanism of neutron star radiation: We find a new mechanism of neutron star radiation wherein radiation is\nproduced by the stellar interior. The source of radiation is oscillating\nneutron vortices in the superfluid core of a rotating neutron star. Thermally\nexcited helical waves of vortices generate fast magnetosonic waves at the\nstellar crust. Near the crust bottom such waves reduce to a collisionless zero\nsound in an electron liquid, while near the stellar surface they behave as\nelectromagnetic waves in a medium. The magnetosonic waves propagate across the\ncrust and transform into electromagnetic radiation at the surface. The vortex\ncontribution has the spectral index -0.45 and can explain nonthermal radiation\nof middle-aged pulsars observed in infrared, optical and hard X-ray bands.\nDetection of vortex radiation allows direct determination of the core\ntemperature. Comparing the theory with available spectra observations we find\nthat the core temperature of the Vela pulsar is T=8*10^8K, while the core\ntemperature of PSR B0656+14 exceeds 2*10^8K. This is the first measurement of\nthe temperature of a neutron star core. The temperature estimate rules out\nequation of states incorporating Bose condensations of pions or kaons and quark\nmatter in these objects. In principle, zero sound can also be emitted by other\nmechanisms, rather than vortices, which opens a perspective of direct\nspectroscopic study of superdense matter in the neutron star interiors.",
        "positive": "Short-Range Correlations in He-4 Liquid and Small He-4 Droplets\n  described by the Unitary Correlation Operator Method: The Unitary Correlation Operator Method (UCOM) is employed to treat\nshort-range correlations in both, homogeneous liquid and small droplets of\nbosonic He-4 atoms. The dominating short-range correlations in these systems\nare described by an unitary transformation in the two-body relative coordinate,\napplied either to the many-body state or to the Hamiltonian and other\noperators. It is shown that the two-body correlated interaction can describe\nthe binding energy of clusters of up to 6 atoms very well, the numerical effort\nconsisting only in calculating one two-body matrix element with Gaussian\nsingle-particle states. The increasing density of bigger droplets requires the\ninclusion of correlation effects beyond the two-body order, which are\nsuccessfully implemented by a density-dependent two-body correlator. With only\none adjusted parameter the binding energies and radii of larger droplets and\nthe equation of state of the homogeneous He-4 liquid can be described\nquantitatively in a physically intuitive and numerically simple way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transition path time distributions: Biomolecular folding, at least in simple systems, can be described as a two\nstate transition in a free energy landscape with two deep wells separated by a\nhigh barrier. Transition paths are the short part of the trajectories that\ncross the barrier. Average transition path times and, recently, their full\nprobability distribution have been measured for several biomolecular systems,\ne.g. in the folding of nucleic acids or proteins. Motivated by these\nexperiments, we have calculated the full transition path time distribution for\na single stochastic particle crossing a parabolic barrier, focusing on the\nunderdamped regime. Our analysis thus includes inertial terms, which were\nneglected in previous studies. These terms influence the short time scale\ndynamics of a stochastic system, and can be of experimental relevance in view\nof the short duration of transition paths. We derive the full transition path\ntime distribution in the underdamped case and discuss the similarities and\ndifferences with the high friction (overdamped) limit.",
        "positive": "Infinite density for cold atoms in shallow optical lattices: Infinite densities can describe the long-time properties of systems when\nergodicity is broken and the equilibrium Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution fails. We\nhere perform semiclassical Monte Carlo simulations of cold atoms in dissipative\noptical lattices with realistic parameters. We show that the momentum infinite\ndensity, as well as its scale invariance, should be observable in shallow\npotentials. We further evaluate the momentum autocorrelation function in the\nstationary and aging regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Persistence Length of Flexible Polyelectrolyte Chains: We calculate the dependence of the electrostatic persistence length, l_e, of\nweakly charged flexible polyelectrolyte chains using a self-consistent\nvariational theory. The variation of l_e with \\kappa, the inverse Debye\nscreening length, is controlled by the parameter l_0 l_B/A^2, where l_0 is the\nbare persistence length, l_B is the Bjerrum length, and A is the mean distance\nbetween charges along the chain. Several distinct regimes for the dependence of\nl_e on \\kappa emerge depending on the value of l_0 l_B/A^2. We show that when\nl_0 l_B /A^2 << 1 we recover the classical result, l_e \\propto \\kappa^{-2}. For\nintermediate values of l_0 l_B /A^2, l_e \\propto \\kappa^{-1}. In this regime\none can also get l_e \\propto \\kappa^{-y} with y < 1 depending on the strength\nof the Coulomb interaction. Qualitative comparisons between our theory and\nsimulations as well as other theories are presented.",
        "positive": "Dynamical quantum phase transitions: Role of topological nodes in\n  wavefunction overlaps: A sudden quantum quench of a Bloch band from one topological phase toward\nanother has been shown to exhibit an intimate connection with the notion of a\ndynamical quantum phase transition (DQPT), where the returning probability of\nthe quenched state to the initial state---i.e. the Loschmidt echo---vanishes at\ncritical times $\\{t^{*}\\}$. Analytical results so far are limited to two-band\nmodels, leaving the exact relation between topology and DQPT unclear. In this\nwork, we show that for a general multi-band system, a robust DQPT relies on the\nexistence of nodes (i.e. zeros) in the wavefunction overlap between the initial\nband and the post-quench energy eigenstates. These nodes are topologically\nprotected if the two participating wavefunctions have distinctive topological\nindices. We demonstrate these ideas in detail for both one and two spatial\ndimensions using a three-band generalized Hofstadter model. We also discuss\npossible experimental observations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evolution of entanglement entropy following a quantum quench: Analytic\n  results for the XY chain in a transverse magnetic field: The non-equilibrium evolution of the block entanglement entropy is\ninvestigated in the XY chain in a transverse magnetic field after the\nHamiltonian parameters are suddenly changed from and to arbitrary values. Using\nToeplitz matrix representation and multidimensional phase methods, we provide\nanalytic results for large blocks and for all times, showing explicitly the\nlinear growth in time followed by saturation. The consequences of these\nanalytic results are discussed and the effects of a finite block length is\ntaken into account numerically.",
        "positive": "Flocks, herds, and schools: A quantitative theory of flocking: We present a quantitative continuum theory of ``flocking'': the collective\ncoherent motion of large numbers of self-propelled organisms. Our model\npredicts the existence of an ``ordered phase'' of flocks, in which all members\nof the flock move together with the same mean velocity. This coherent motion of\nthe flock is an example of spontaneously broken symmetry. The ``Goldstone\nmodes'' associated with this ``spontaneously broken rotational symmetry'' are\nfluctuations in the direction of motion of a large part of the flock away from\nthe mean direction. These ``Goldstone modes'' mix with modes associated with\nconservation of bird number to produce propagating sound modes. These sound\nmodes lead to enormous fluctuations of the density of the flock. Our model is\nsimilar in many ways to the Navier-Stokes equations for a simple compressible\nfluid; in other ways, it resembles a relaxational time dependent\nGinsburg-Landau theory for an $n = d$ component isotropic ferromagnet. In\nspatial dimensions $d > 4$, the long distance behavior is correctly described\nby a linearized theory. For $d < 4$, non-linear fluctuation effects radically\nalter the long distance behavior, making it different from that of any known\nequilibrium model. In particular, we find that in $d = 2$, where we can\ncalculate the scaling exponents \\underline{exactly}, flocks exhibit a true,\nlong-range ordered, spontaneously broken symmetry state, in contrast to\nequilibrium systems, which cannot spontaneously break a continuous symmetry in\n$d = 2$ (the ``Mermin-Wagner'' theorem). We make detailed predictions for\nvarious correlation functions that could be measured either in simulations, or\nby quantitative imaging of real flocks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Folded Spin-1/2 XXZ Model: II. Thermodynamics and Hydrodynamics with\n  a Minimal Set of Charges: We study the (dual) folded spin-1/2 XXZ model in the thermodynamic limit. We\nfocus, in particular, on a class of local macrostates that includes Gibbs\nensembles. We develop a thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz description and work out\ngeneralised hydrodynamics at the leading order. Remarkably, in the ballistic\nscaling limit the junction of two local macrostates results in a discontinuity\nin the profile of essentially any local observable.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Work and its Hamiltonian Connection for a Microstate in\n  Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics: A Case of Mistaken Identity: Nonequilibrium work-Hamiltonian connection for a microstate plays a central\nrole in diverse branches of statistical thermodynamics (fluctuation theorems,\nquantum thermodynamics, stochastic thermodynamics, etc.). We show that the\nchange in the Hamiltonian for a microstate should be identified with the work\ndone by it, and not the work done on it. This contradicts the current practice\nin the field. The difference represents a contribution whose average gives the\nwork that is dissipated due to irreversibility. As the latter has been\noverlooked, the current identification does not properly account for\nirreversibilty. As an example, we show that the corrected version of\nJarzynski's relation can be applied to free expansion, where the original\nrelation fails. Thus, the correction has far-reaching consequences and requires\nreassessment of current applications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multi-species pair annihilation reactions: We consider diffusion-limited reactions A_i + A_j -> 0 (1 <= i < j <= q) in d\nspace dimensions. For q > 2 and d >= 2 we argue that the asymptotic density\ndecay for such mutual annihilation processes with equal rates and initial\ndensities is the same as for single-species pair annihilation A + A -> 0. In d\n= 1, however, particle segregation occurs for all q < oo. The total density\ndecays according to a $q$ dependent power law, rho(t) ~ t^{-\\alpha(q)}. Within\na simplified version of the model \\alpha(q) = (q-1) / 2q can be determined\nexactly. Our findings are supported through Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Dynamical bifurcation as a semiclassical counterpart of a quantum phase\n  transition: We illustrate how dynamical transitions in nonlinear semiclassical models can\nbe recognized as phase transitions in the corresponding -- inherently linear --\nquantum model, where, in a Statistical Mechanics framework, the thermodynamic\nlimit is realized by letting the particle population go to infinity at fixed\nsize. We focus on lattice bosons described by the Bose-Hubbard (BH) model and\nDiscrete Self-Trapping (DST) equations at the quantum and semiclassical level,\nrespectively.\n  After showing that the gaussianity of the quantum ground states is broken at\nthe phase transition, we evaluate finite populations effects introducing a\nsuitable scaling hypothesis; we work out the exact value of the critical\nexponents and we provide numerical evidences confirming our hypothesis. Our\nanalytical results rely on a general scheme obtained from a large-population\nexpansion of the eigenvalue equation of the BH model. In this approach the DST\nequations resurface as solutions of the zeroth-order problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of surface steps: In the framework of SOS models, the dynamics of isolated and pairs of surface\nsteps of monoatomic height is studied, for step--edge diffusion and for\nevaporation kinetics, using Monte Carlo techniques. In particular, various\ninteresting crossover phenomena are identified. Simulational results are\ncompared, especially, to those of continuum theories and random walk\ndescriptions.",
        "positive": "XY Spin Fluid in an External Magnetic Field: A method of integral equations is developed to study inhomogeneous fluids\nwith planar spins in an external field. As a result, the calculations for these\nsystems appear to be no more difficult than those for ordinary homogeneous\nliquids. The approach proposed is applied to the ferromagnetic XY spin fluid in\na magnetic field using a soft mean spherical closure and the Born-Green-Yvon\nequation. This provides an accurate reproduction of the complicated phase\ndiagram behavior obtained by cumbersome Gibbs ensemble simulation and multiple\nhistogram reweighting techniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On Defect-Mediated Transitions in Bosonic Planar Lattices: We discuss the finite-temperature properties of Bose-Einstein condensates\nloaded on a 2D optical lattice. In an experimentally attainable range of\nparameters the system is described by the XY model, which undergoes a\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition driven by the vortex pair\nunbinding. The interference pattern of the expanding condensates provides the\nexperimental signature of the BKT transition: near the critical temperature,\nthe k=0 component of the momentum distribution sharply decreases.",
        "positive": "Quantum phase transition between spin liquid and spin nematics in spin-1\n  Kitaev honeycomb model: Besides the exactly solvable spin-1/2 Kitaev model, higher spin-$S$ ones, not\nexactly solvable, are promising playgrounds for researches on the quantum spin\nliquid as well. One of the main interests in higher spin-S cases is the\ninterplay between the Kitaev spin liquid (KSL) and spin nematics. We probe this\ninterplay in a spin-1 model on the honeycomb lattice with competing\nbilinear-biquadratic and Kitaev interactions. Utilizing the 2D infinite\nprojected entangled-pair state (iPEPS), we map out the phase diagram for the\nferro-biquadratic interaction. In the phase diagram, we discover the direct\nKSL--spin-nematics transitions in the vicinity of pure Kitaev limits. It has\nbeen revealed that the ferro KSL exhibits robustness against perturbations from\nferro-quadrupolar interactions. Also, the spin-nematic phase is extended to the\nparameter region near the antiferro-Kitaev limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cumulative Merging Percolation: A long-range percolation process in\n  networks: Percolation on networks is a common framework to model a wide range of\nprocesses, from cascading failures to epidemic spreading. Standard percolation\nassumes short-range interactions, implying that nodes can merge into clusters\nonly if they are nearest-neighbors. Cumulative Merging Percolation (CMP) is an\nnew percolation process that assumes long-range interactions, such that nodes\ncan merge into clusters even if they are topologically distant. Hence in CMP\npercolation clusters do not coincide with the topological connected components\nof the network. Previous work has shown that a specific formulation of CMP\nfeatures peculiar mechanisms for the formation of the giant cluster, and allows\nto model different network dynamics such as recurrent epidemic processes. Here\nwe develop a more general formulation of CMP in terms of the functional form of\nthe cluster interaction range, showing an even richer phase transition scenario\nwith competition of different mechanisms resulting in crossover phenomena. Our\nanalytic predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "The second law of thermodynamics from concave energy in classical\n  mechanics: A recently proposed quantum mechanical criterion `concavity of energy' for\nthe second law of thermodynamics is studied also for classical particle systems\nconfined in a bounded region by a potential with a time-dependent coupling\nconstant. It is shown that the time average of work done by particles in a\nquench process cannot exceed that in the corresponding quasi-static process, if\nthe energy is a concave function of the coupling constant. It is proven that\nthe energy is indeed concave for a general confining potential with certain\nproperties. This result implies that the system satisfies the principle of\nmaximum work in the adiabatic environment as an expression of the second law of\nthermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fisher's scaling relation above the upper critical dimension: Fisher's fluctuation-response relation is one of four famous scaling formulae\nand is consistent with a vanishing correlation-function anomalous dimension\nabove the upper critical dimension d_c. However, it has long been known that\nnumerical simulations deliver a negative value for the anomalous dimension\nthere. Here, the apparent discrepancy is attributed to a distinction between\nthe system-length and correlation- or characteristic-length scales. On the\nlatter scale, the anomalous dimension indeed vanishes above d_c and Fisher's\nrelation holds in its standard form. However, on the scale of the system\nlength, the anomalous dimension is negative and Fisher's relation requires\nmodification. Similar investigations at the upper critical dimension, where\ndangerous irrelevant variables become marginal, lead to an analogous pair of\nFisher relations for logarithmic-correction exponents. Implications of a\nsimilar distinction between length scales in percolation theory above d_c and\nfor the Ginzburg criterion are briefly discussed.",
        "positive": "Effects of mortality on stochastic search processes with resetting: We study the first-passage time to the origin of a mortal Brownian particle,\nwith mortality rate $ \\mu $, diffusing in one dimension. The particle starts\nits motion from $ x>0 $ and it is subject to stochastic resetting with constant\nrate $ r $. We first unveil the relation between the probability of reaching\nthe target and the mean first-passage time of the corresponding problem in\nabsence of mortality, which allows us to deduce under which conditions the\nformer can be increased by adjusting the restart rate. We then consider the\nfirst-passage time conditioned on the event that the particle reaches the\ntarget before dying, and provide exact expressions for the mean and the\nvariance as functions of $ r $, corroborated by numerical simulations. By\nstudying the impact of resetting for different mortality regimes, we also show\nthat, if the average lifetime $ \\tau_\\mu=1/\\mu $ is long enough with respect to\nthe diffusive time scale $ \\tau_D=x^2/(4D) $, there exist both a resetting rate\n$ r_\\mu^* $ that maximizes the probability and a rate $ r_m $ that minimizes\nthe mean first-passage time. However, the two never coincide for positive $ \\mu\n$, making the optimization problem highly nontrivial."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Volatility in Financial Markets: Stochastic Models and Empirical Results: We investigate the historical volatility of the 100 most capitalized stocks\ntraded in US equity markets. An empirical probability density function (pdf) of\nvolatility is obtained and compared with the theoretical predictions of a\nlognormal model and of the Hull and White model. The lognormal model well\ndescribes the pdf in the region of low values of volatility whereas the Hull\nand White model better approximates the empirical pdf for large values of\nvolatility. Both models fails in describing the empirical pdf over a moderately\nlarge volatility range.",
        "positive": "The chemical potential of a Lennard Jones fluid: The aim of this paper is to present an analytical calculation of the chemical\npotential of a Lennard Jones fluid. The integration range is divided into two\nregions. In the small distance region,which is $r\\leq\\sigma$ in the usual\nnotation,the integration range had to be cut off in order to avoid the\noccurence of divergences.In the large distance region,the calculation is\ntechnically simpler. The calculation reported here will be useful in all kinds\nof studies concerning phase equilibrium in a $LJ$ fluid. Interesting kinds of\nsuch systems are the giant planets and the icy satellites in various planetary\nsystems,but also the (so far) hypothetical quark stars."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic thermodynamics of periodically driven systems: Fluctuation\n  theorem for currents and unification of two classes: Periodic driving is used to operate machines that go from standard\nmacroscopic engines to small non-equilibrium micro-sized systems. Two classes\nof such systems are small heat engines driven by periodic temperature\nvariations and molecular pumps driven by external stimuli. Well known results\nthat are valid for nonequilibrium steady states of systems driven by fixed\nthermodynamic forces, instead of an external periodic driving, have been\ngeneralized to periodically driven heat engines only recently. These results\ninclude a general expression for entropy production in terms of currents and\naffinities and symmetry relations for the Onsager coefficients from linear\nresponse theory. For nonequilibrium steady states, the Onsager reciprocity\nrelations can be obtained from the more general fluctuation theorem for the\ncurrents. We prove a fluctuation theorem for the currents for periodically\ndriven systems. We show that this fluctuation theorem implies a fluctuation\ndissipation relation, symmetry relations for Onsager coefficients and further\nrelations for nonlinear response coefficients. The setup in this paper is more\ngeneral than previous studies, i.e., our results are valid for both heat\nengines and molecular pumps. The external protocol is assumed to be stochastic\nin our framework, which leads to a particularly convenient way to treat\nperiodically driven systems.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics and efficiency of sequentially collisional Brownian\n  particles: The role of drivings: Brownian particles placed sequentially in contact with distinct thermal\nreservoirs and subjected to external driving forces are promising candidates\nfor the construction of reliable thermal engines. In this contribution, we\naddress the role of driving forces for enhancing the machine performance.\nAnalytical expressions for thermodynamic quantities such as power output and\nefficiency are obtained for general driving schemes. A proper choice of these\ndriving schemes substantially increases both power output and efficiency and\nextends the working regime. Maximizations of power and efficiency, whether with\nrespect to the strength of the force, driving scheme or both have been\nconsidered and exemplified for two kind of drivings: a generic power-law and a\nperiodically drivings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization and Control in Intrinsic and Designed Computation: An\n  Information-Theoretic Analysis of Competing Models of Stochastic Computation: We adapt tools from information theory to analyze how an observer comes to\nsynchronize with the hidden states of a finitary, stationary stochastic\nprocess. We show that synchronization is determined by both the process's\ninternal organization and by an observer's model of it. We analyze these\ncomponents using the convergence of state-block and block-state entropies,\ncomparing them to the previously known convergence properties of the Shannon\nblock entropy. Along the way, we introduce a hierarchy of information\nquantifiers as derivatives and integrals of these entropies, which parallels a\nsimilar hierarchy introduced for block entropy. We also draw out the duality\nbetween synchronization properties and a process's controllability. The tools\nlead to a new classification of a process's alternative representations in\nterms of minimality, synchronizability, and unifilarity.",
        "positive": "Markov chain sampling of the $O(n)$ loop models on the infinite plane: It was recently proposed in\nhttps://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.94.043322 [Herdeiro &\nDoyon Phys.,Rev.,E (2016)] a numerical method showing a precise sampling of the\ninfinite plane 2d critical Ising model for finite lattice subsections. The\npresent note extends the method to a larger class of models, namely the $O(n)$\nloop gas models for $n \\in (1,2]$. We argue that even though the Gibbs measure\nis non local, it is factorizable on finite subsections when sufficient\ninformation on the loops touching the boundaries is stored. Our results attempt\nto show that provided an efficient Markov chain mixing algorithm and an\nimproved discrete lattice dilation procedure the planar limit of the $O(n)$\nmodels can be numerically studied with efficiency similar to the Ising case.\nThis confirms that scale invariance is the only requirement for the present\nnumerical method to work."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anisotropic scattering in angular-dependent magnetoresistance\n  oscillations of quasi-2D and quasi-1D metals: beyond the relaxation-time\n  approximation: The electrical resistivity for a current moving perpendicular to layers\n(chains) in quasi-2D (quasi-1D) metals under an applied magnetic field of\nvarying orientation is studied using Boltzmann transport theory. We consider\nthe simplest non-trivial quasi-2D and quasi-1D Fermi surfaces but allow for an\narbitrary elastic collision integral (i.e., a scattering probability with\narbitrary dependence on momentum-transfer) and obtain an expression for the\nresistivity which generalizes that previously found using a single\nrelaxation-time approximation. The dependence of the resistivity on the angle\nbetween the magnetic field and current changes depending on the\nmomentum-dependence of the scattering probability. So, whereas zero-field\nintra-layer transport is sensitive only to the momentum-averaged scattering\nprobability (the transport relaxation rate) the resistivity perpendicular to\nlayers measured in a tilted magnetic field provides detailed information about\nthe momentum-dependence of interlayer scattering. These results help clarify\nthe meaning of the relaxation rate determined from fits of angular-dependent\nmagnetoresistance oscillations (AMRO) experimental data to theoretical\nexpressions. Furthermore, we suggest how AMRO might be used to probe the\ndominant scattering mechanism.",
        "positive": "Singular ferromagnetic susceptibility of the transverse-field Ising\n  antiferromagnet on the triangular lattice: A transverse magnetic field $\\Gamma$ is known to induce antiferromagnetic\nthree-sublattice order of the Ising spins $\\sigma^z$ in the triangular lattice\nIsing antiferromagnet at low enough temperature. This low-temperature order is\nknown to melt on heating in a two-step manner, with a power-law ordered\nintermediate temperature phase characterized by power-law correlations at the\nthree-sublattice wavevector ${\\bf Q}$: $\\langle \\sigma^z(\\vec{R})\n\\sigma^z(0)\\rangle \\sim \\cos({\\mathbf Q}\\cdot \\vec{R}) /|\\vec{R}|^{\\eta(T)}$\nwith the temperature-dependent power-law exponent $\\eta(T) \\in (1/9,1/4)$.\n  Here, we use a newly developed quantum cluster algorithm to study the {\\em\nferromagnetic} easy-axis susceptibility $\\chi_{u}(L)$ of an $L \\times L$ sample\nin this power-law ordered phase. Our numerical results are consistent with a\nrecent prediction of a singular $L$ dependence $\\chi_{u}(L)\\sim L^{2- 9 \\eta}$\nwhen $\\eta(T)$ is in the range $(1/9,2/9)$. This finite-size result implies,\nvia standard scaling arguments, that the ferromagnetic susceptibility\n$\\chi_{u}(B)$ to a uniform field $B$ along the easy axis is singular at\nintermediate temperatures in the small $B$ limit, $\\chi_{u}(B) \\sim\n|B|^{-\\frac{4 - 18 \\eta}{4-9\\eta}}$ for $\\eta(T) \\in (1/9, 2/9)$, although\nthere is no ferromagnetic long-range order in the low temperature state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maxwell Model of Traffic Flows: We investigate traffic flows using the kinetic Boltzmann equations with a\nMaxwell collision integral. This approach allows analytical determination of\nthe transient behavior and the size distributions. The relaxation of the car\nand cluster velocity distributions towards steady state is characterized by a\nwide range of velocity dependent relaxation scales, $R^{1/2}<\\tau(v)<R$, with\n$R$ the ratio of the passing and the collision rates. Furthermore, these\nrelaxation time scales decrease with the velocity, with the smallest scale\ncorresponding to the decay of the overall density. The steady state cluster\nsize distribution follows an unusual scaling form $P_m \\sim < m>^{-4} \\Psi(m/<\nm>^2)$. This distribution is primarily algebraic, $P_m\\sim m^{-3/2}$, for $m\\ll\n< m>^2$, and is exponential otherwise.",
        "positive": "Reactive Turbulent Flow in Low-Dimensional, Disordered Media: We analyze the reactions $A+A \\to \\emptyset$ and $A + B \\to \\emptyset$\noccurring in a model of turbulent flow in two dimensions. We find the reactant\nconcentrations at long times, using a field-theoretic renormalization group\nanalysis. We find a variety of interesting behavior, including, in the presence\nof potential disorder, decay rates faster than that for well-mixed reactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion laws, information and action principle: This is an attempt to address diffusion phenomena from the point of view of\ninformation theory. We imagine a regular hamiltonian system under the random\nperturbation of thermal (molecular) noise and chaotic instability. The\nirregularity of the random process produced in this way is taken into account\nvia the dynamic uncertainty measured by a path information associated with\ndifferent transition paths between two points in phase space. According to the\nresult of our previous work, this dynamic system maximizes this uncertainty in\norder to follow the action principle of mechanics. In this work, this\nmethodology is applied to particle diffusion in external potential field. By\nusing the exponential probability distribution of action (least action\ndistribution) yielded by maximum path information, a derivation of\nFokker-Planck equation, Fick's laws and Ohm's law for normal diffusion is given\nwithout additional assumptions about the nature of the process. This result\nsuggests that, for irregular dynamics, the method of maximum path information,\ninstead of the least action principle for regular dynamics, should be used in\norder to obtain the correct occurring probability of different paths of\ntransport. Nevertheless, the action principle is present in this formalism of\nstochastic mechanics because the average action has a stationary associated\nwith the dynamic uncertainty. The limits of validity of this work is discussed.",
        "positive": "Interplay of quantum and thermal fluctuations in a frustrated magnet: We demonstrate the presence of an extended critical phase in the transverse\nfield Ising magnet on the triangular lattice, in a regime where both thermal\nand quantum fluctuations are important. We map out a complete phase diagram by\nmeans of quantum Monte Carlo simulations, and find that the critical phase is\nthe result of thermal fluctuations destabilising an order established by the\nquantum fluctuations. It is separated by two Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions\nfrom the paramagnet on one hand and the quantum-fluctuation driven\nthree-sublattice ordered phase on the other. Our work provides further evidence\nthat the zero temperature quantum phase transition is in the 3d XY universality\nclass."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unification and new extensions of the no-pumping theorems of stochastic\n  pumps: From molecular machines to quantum dots, a wide range of mesoscopic systems\ncan be modeled by periodically driven Markov processes, or stochastic pumps.\nCurrents in the stochastic pumps are delimited by an exact no-go condition\ncalled the no-pumping theorem (NPT). The letter presents a unified treatment of\nall the adaptations of NPT known so far, and further extends it to systems with\nmany species of interacting particles.",
        "positive": "Continuous-time Monte Carlo Renormalization Group: We implement Monte Carlo Renormalization Group (MCRG) in the continuous-time\nMonte Carlo simulation of a quantum system. We demonstrate numerically the\nemergent isotropy between space and time at large distances for the systems\nthat exhibit Lorentz invariance at quantum criticality. This allows us to\nestimate accurately the sound velocity for these quantum systems. $Q$-state\nPotts models in one and two space dimensions are used to illustrate the method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Anti-Wishart distribution: We provide the probability distribution function of matrix elements each of\nwhich is the inner product of two vectors.\n  The vectors we are considering here are independently distributed but not\nnecessarily Gaussian variables.\n  When the number of components M of each vector is greater than the number of\nvectors N, one has a $N\\times N$ symmetric matrix.\n  When $M\\ge N$ and the components of each vector are independent Gaussian\nvariables, the distribution function of the $N(N+1)/2$ matrix elements was\nobtained by Wishart in 1928.\n  When N > M, what we called the ``Anti-Wishart'' case, the matrix elements are\nno longer completely independent because the true degrees of freedom becomes\nsmaller than the number of matrix elements. Due to this singular nature,\nanalytical derivation of the probability distribution function is much more\ninvolved than the corresponding Wishart case. For a class of general random\nvectors, we obtain the analytical distribution function in a closed form, which\nis a product of various factors and delta function constraints, composed of\nvarious determinants. The distribution function of the matrix element for the\n$M\\ge N$ case with the same class of random vectors is also obtained as a\nby-product. Our result is closely related to and should be valuable for the\nstudy of random magnet problem and information redundancy problem.",
        "positive": "Anisotropies of the Hamiltonian and the Wave Function: Inversion\n  Phenomena in Quantum Spin Chains: We investigate the inversion phenomenon between the XXZ anisotropies of the\nHamiltonian and the wave function in quantum spin chains, mainly focusing on\nthe S=1/2 trimerized XXZ model with the next-nearest-neighbor interactions. We\nhave obtained the ground-state phase diagram by use of the degenerate\nperturbation theory and the level spectroscopy analysis of the numerical data\ncalculated by the Lanczos method. In some parameter regions, the spin-fluid is\nrealized for the Ising-like anisotropy, and the Neel state for the XY-like\nanisotropy, against the ordinary situation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Why Non-equilibrium is Different: The 1970 paper, \"Decay of the Velocity Correlation Function\" [Phys. Rev. A1,\n18 (1970), see also Phys. Rev. Lett. 18, 988 (1967)] by Berni Alder and Tom\nWainwright, demonstrated, by means of computer simulations, that the velocity\nautocorrelation function for a particle in a gas of hard disks decays\nalgebraically in time as $t^{-1},$ and as $t^{-3/2}$ for a gas of hard spheres.\nThese decays appear in non-equilibrium fluids and have no counterpart in fluids\nin thermodynamic equilibrium. The work of Alder and Wainwright stimulated\ntheorists to find explanations for these \"long time tails\" using kinetic theory\nor a mesoscopic mode-coupling theory. This paper has had a profound influence\non our understanding of the non-equilibrium properties of fluid systems. Here\nwe discuss the kinetic origins of the long time tails, the microscopic\nfoundations of mode-coupling theory, and the implications of these results for\nthe physics of fluids. We also mention applications of the long time tails and\nmode-coupling theory to other, seemingly unrelated, fields of physics. We are\nhonored to dedicate this short review to Berni Alder on the occasion of his\n90th birthday!",
        "positive": "Pattern formation in systems of active particles with chiral\n  interactions: We analyzed pattern formation in systems of active particles with chiral\nforces in the context of pedestrian dynamics. To describe the interparticle\ninteractions, we use the standard social force model and supplement it with a\nnew type of force that reflects the chirality. We performed numerical\nsimulations of two pedestrian flows moving in opposite directions in a long\ncorridor. We observed two dynamic phase transitions which occur for varying\nnumber density of particles and strength of the chirality force -- one from\ndisordered motion to multi-lane motion and another -- from the multi-lane to\ntwo-lane motion. We develop a qualitative theory which describes the\ndemarcation lines for these phase transitions on the phase diagram\nchirality-density. The results of our analysis agree fairly well with the\nsimulation data. Our findings may find applications for problems of urban and\ntransportation planning."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of power-law correlated disorders in XXZ spin chain: Many-body\n  localized to thermal phase transition and its critical regime: We study a canonical many-body-localized (MBL) system with\npower-law-correlated disorders: $s=\\frac{1}{2}$ spin chain in a random magnetic\nfield. The power-law-correlated disorder can control the critical regime\nbetween the MBL and thermal (ergodic) phases by varying its exponent, and it\nlet us investigate the MBL transitions in detail. Static-eigenstate and dynamic\nproperties of MBL are studied by numerical methods for systems with various\nlong-range correlations. By using energy-resolved distribution of the\nparticipation ratio (PR) and calculating some physical quantities related to\nlocalization length, we show that the MBL transition exhibits certain universal\nbehavior. We also investigate entanglement properties for the static and\ndynamics system. These studies elucidate the impact of power-law-correlated\ndisorders in the canonical MBL system.",
        "positive": "Classical Analogue of the Ionic Hubbard Model: In our earlier work [M. Hafez, {\\em et al.}, Phys. Lett. A {\\bf 373} (2009)\n4479] we employed the flow equation method to obtain a classic effective model\nfrom a quantum mechanical parent Hamiltonian called, the ionic Hubbard model\n(IHM). The classical ionic Hubbard model (CIHM) obtained in this way contains\nsolely Fermionic occupation numbers of two species corresponding to particles\nwith $\\up$ and $\\down$ spin, respectively. In this paper, we employ the\ntransfer matrix method to analytically solve the CIHM at finite temperature in\none dimension. In the limit of zero temperature, we find two insulating phases\nat large and small Coulomb interaction strength, $U$, mediated with a gap-less\nmetallic phase, resulting in two continuous metal-insulator transitions. Our\nresults are further supported with Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization-Group Theory of the Heisenberg Model in d Dimensions: The classical Heisenberg model has been solved in spatial d dimensins,\nexactly in d=1 and by the Migdal-Kadanoff approximation in d>1, by using a\nFourier-Legendre expansion. The phase transition temperatures, the energy\ndensities, and the specific heats are calculated in arbitrary dimension d.\nFisher's exact result is recovered in d=1. The absence of an ordered phase,\nconventional or algebraic (in contrast to the XY model yielding an\nalgebraically ordered phase), is recovered in d=2. A conventionally ordered\nphase occurs at d>2. This method opens the way to complex-system calculations\nwith Heisenberg local degrees of freedom.",
        "positive": "Finite size scaling theory for percolation phase transition: The finite-size scaling theory for continuous phase transition plays an\nimportant role in determining critical point and critical exponents from the\nsize-dependent behaviors of quantities in the thermodynamic limit. For\npercolation phase transition, the finite-size scaling form for the reduced size\nof largest cluster has been extended to cluster ranked $R$. However, this is\ninvalid for explosive percolation as our results show. Besides, the behaviors\nof largest increase of largest cluster induced by adding single link or node\nhave also been used to investigate the critical properties of percolation and\nseveral new exponents $\\beta_1$, $\\beta_2$, $1/\\nu_1$ and $1/\\nu_2$ are defined\nwhile their relation with $\\beta/\\nu$ and $1/\\nu$ is unknown. Through the\nanalysis of asymptotic properties of size jump behaviors, we obtain correct\ncritical exponents and develop a new approach to finite size scaling theory\nwhere sizes of ranked clusters are averaged at same distances from the\nsample-dependent pseudo-critical point in each realization rather than\naveraging at same value of control parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Diagram of the $J_1$ - $J_2$ Frustrated Anisotropic\n  Antiferromagnet with Spin $S=1$ on the Quadratic Lattice: In the paper the phase diagram of $J_1-J_2$ frustrated antiferromagnet with\nspin $S=1$ and single-ion anisotropy is studied on the planar quadratic lattice\nin the cluster approximation. The Bogolyubov inequality is adopted for the\nGibbs energy calculation for the case of $2 \\times 2$ and $4 \\times 4$\nclusters. On this basis, the ranges of existence of the anfiferromagnetic,\nsuperantiferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases are investigated for the\nantiferromagnetic nearest-neighbour ($J_1<0$) and next-nearest-neighbour\n($J_2<0$) interactions. In particular, the occurrence of tricritical and triple\npoints is discussed and a comparison between the results for $2 \\times 2$ and\n$4 \\times 4$ clusters is made. The results are also compared with the classical\nMFA method, adopted here for the model in question, as well as with selected\nliterature results for particular choices of interaction parameters.",
        "positive": "Non Extensivity in Meteor Showers: A meteor shower is a luminous phenomenon that takes place by the entry into\nthe Earths atmosphere of a cascade of particles coming from a stream\nintersected by our planet in its orbit. Here we investigate the possibility of\na description of the mass distribution of meteoroids in meteor showers int\nterms of a non extensive formulation, which could shed light and give some\ninsight into the origin of such particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glass transition as a topological phase transition: The glass transition is considered as a phase transition in the system of\ntopologically protected excitations in matter structure. The critical behavior\nof the system is considered both in statics and dynamics cases. It is shown in\nthe simple model describing the topological defects system in the elastic\nmedium with non-zero shear modulus, most of characteristic thermodynamic and\nkinetic properties of glass transition are reproduced: the\nVogel--Fulcher--Tammann law; the behavior of susceptibility, and non-linear\nsusceptibilities; heat capacity behavior; and boson peak near the glass\ntransition temperature.",
        "positive": "Target Searches of Interacting Brownian Particles: We study the target search of interacting Brownian particles in a finite\ndomain, focusing on the effect of inter-particle interactions on the search\ntime. We derive the integral equation for the mean first-passage time and\nacquire its solution as a series expansion in the orders of the Mayer function.\nFor dilute systems relevant to most target search problems, we analytically\nobtain the leading order correction to the search time and prove a universal\nrelation given by the particle density and the second virial coefficient.\nFinally, we validate our theoretical prediction by Langevin dynamics\nsimulations for the various types of the interaction potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The fate of a discrete time crystal in an open system: Following the recent realisation that periodically driven quantum matter can\nsupport new types of spatiotemporal order, now known as discrete time crystals\n(DTCs), we consider the stability of this phenomenon. Motivated by its\nconceptual importance as well as its experimental relevance we consider the\neffect of coupling to an external environment. We use this to argue, both\nanalytically and numerically, that the DTC in disordered one-dimensional\nsystems is destroyed at long times by any such natural coupling. This holds\ntrue even in the case where the coupling is such that the system is prevented\nfrom heating up by an external thermal bath.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium phase transition in a spreading process on a timeline: We consider a nonequilibrium process on a timeline with discrete sites which\nevolves by a non-Markovian update rule in such a way that an active site at\ntime t activates one or several sites in the future at time t+dt. The time\nintervals dt are distributed algebraically as dt^(-1-kappa), where 0<kappa<1 is\na control paramter. Depending on the activation rate, the system display a\nnonequilibrium phase transition which may be interpreted as directed\npercolation transition driven by temporal Levy flights in the limit of zero\nspace dimensions. The critical properties are investigated by extensive\nnumerical simulations and compared with field-theoretic predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A perturbative method for nonequilibrium steady state of open quantum\n  systems: We develop a method of calculating the nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) of\nan open quantum system that is weakly coupled to reservoirs in different\nequilibrium states. We describe the system using a Redfield-type quantum master\nequation (QME). We decompose the Redfield QME into a Lindblad-type QME and the\nremaining part $\\mathcal{R}$. Regarding the steady state of the Lindblad QME as\nthe unperturbed solution, we perform a perturbative calculation with respect to\n$\\mathcal{R}$ to obtain the NESS of the Redfield QME. The NESS thus determined\nis exact up to the first order in the system-reservoir coupling strength\n(pump/loss rate), which is the same as the order of validity of the QME. An\nadvantage of the proposed method in numerical computation is its applicability\nto systems larger than those in methods of directly solving the original\nRedfield QME. We apply the method to a noninteracting fermion system to obtain\nan analytical expression of the NESS density matrix. We also numerically\ndemonstrate the method in a nonequilibrium quantum spin chain.",
        "positive": "Competing synchronization on random networks: The synchronization pattern of a fully connected competing Kuramoto model\nwith a uniform intrinsic frequency distribution $g(\\omega)$ was recently\nconsidered. This competing Kuramoto model assigns two coupling constants with\nopposite signs, $K_1 < 0$ and $K_2 > 0$, to the $1-p$ and $p$ fractions of\nnodes, respectively. This model has a rich phase diagram that includes\nincoherent, $\\pi$, and traveling wave (TW) phases and a hybrid phase transition\nwith abnormal properties that occurs through an intermediate metastable $\\pi$\nstate. Here, we consider the competing Kuramoto model on Erd\\H{o}s--R\\'enyi\n(ER) random networks. Numerical simulations and the mean-field solution based\non the annealed network approximation reveal that in this case, when the mean\ndegree of the random networks is large, the features of the phase diagram and\ntransition types are consistent overall with those on completely connected\nnetworks. However, when the mean degree is small, the mean-field solution is\nnot consistent with the numerical simulation results; specifically, the TW\nstate does not occur, and thus the phase diagram is changed, owing to the\nstrong heterogeneity of the local environment. By contrast, for the original\nKuramoto oscillators, the annealed mean-field solution is consistent with the\nnumerical simulation result for ER networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean-Field Theory and Sandpile Models: We review and refine the concept of a mean-field theory for the study of\nsandpile models, which are of central importance in the study of self-organized\ncriticality. By considering the simple one-dimensional random walker with an\nabsorbing and reflecting boundary we are able to construct a complete\nmean-field picture which we can solve in detail for different types of driving.\nUsing this theory, we are able to clarify the effect of finite driving rate on\nsandpile models, as well as the observed sensitivity of certain universal\nquantities on the driving.",
        "positive": "Modelling one-dimensional driven diffusive systems by the Zero-Range\n  Process: The recently introduced correspondence between one-dimensional two-species\ndriven models and the Zero-Range Process is extended to study the case where\nthe densities of the two species need not be equal. The correspondence is\nformulated through the length dependence of the current emitted from a particle\ndomain. A direct numerical method for evaluating this current is introduced,\nand used to test the assumptions underlying this approach. In addition, a model\nfor isolated domain dynamics is introduced, which provides a simple way to\ncalculate the current also for the non-equal density case. This approach is\ndemonstrated and applied to a particular two-species model, where a phase\nseparation transition line is calculated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of Computation for CMOS NAND Gate: Understanding how much energy is needed and dissipated as heat for a given\ncomputational system and for a given program is a physically interesting and\npractically important problem. However, the thermodynamic costs of\ncomputational systems are only partially understood. In this paper, we focus on\na specific logic gate, the CMOS NAND gate, operating in the sub-threshold\nregion and analyze the dissipated heat from two aspects. One is the general\nLandauer bound, which is the change in entropy of the computational system, and\nthe other is a cost that depends on the difference between the initial and\nsteady-state distributions of the system. We find that the general Landauer\nbound is the same order for different inputs to the gate, but that the another\ncost has partially different order due to the difference between the initial\nand steady-state distributions over output logical states. We also investigate\nthe interplay between the costs, time scale, and reliability of the process and\nfind that for different inputs, there is not always a trade-off between\nreliability and dissipation of computations.",
        "positive": "Thermal Drude weight in an integrable chiral clock model: We calculate the finite temperature thermal conductivity of a time-reversal\ninvariant chiral $\\mathbb{Z}_3$ clock model along an integrable line in the\nparameter space using tDMRG. The thermal current itself is not a conserved\ncharge, unlike in the XXZ model, but has a finite overlap with a local\nconserved charge $Q^{(2)}$ obtained from the transfer matrix. We find that the\nDrude weight is finite at non-zero temperature, and the Mazur bound from\n$Q^{(2)}$ saturates the Drude weight, allowing us to obtain an asymptotic\nexpression for the Drude weight at high temperatures. The numerical estimates\nare validated using a sum rule for thermal conductivity. On the computational\nside, we also explore the effectiveness of the ancilla disentangler in the\nintegrable and non-integrable regimes of the model. We find that the\ndisentangler helps in localizing the entanglement growth around the quench\nlocation, but the improvement is lesser in the non-integrable regime and at low\ntemperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Method for estimating critical exponents in percolation processes with\n  low sampling: In phase transition phenomena, the estimation of the critical point is\ncrucial for the calculation of the various critical exponents and the\ndetermination of the universality class they belong to. However, this is not an\neasy task, since a huge amount of realizations is needed to eliminate the noise\nin the data. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for the simultaneous\nestimation of the critical point $p_c$ and the critical exponent $\\beta/\\nu$,\napplied for the case of \"explosive\" bond percolation on $2D$ square lattices\nand ER networks. The results show that with only a few hundred of realizations,\nit is possible to acquire accurate values for these quantities. Guidelines are\ngiven at the end for the applicability of the method to other cases as well.",
        "positive": "Amino-acid-dependent main-chain torsion-energy terms for protein systems: Many commonly used force fields for protein systems such as AMBER, CHARMM,\nGROMACS, OPLS, and ECEPP have amino-acid-independent force-field parameters of\nmain-chain torsion-energy terms. Here, we propose a new type of\namino-acid-dependent torsion-energy terms in the force fields. As an example,\nwe applied this approach to AMBER ff03 force field and determined new\namino-acid-dependent parameters for $\\psi$ and $\\psi'$ angles for each amino\nacid by using our optimization method, which is one of the knowledge-based\napproach. In order to test the validity of the new force-field parameters, we\nthen performed folding simulations of $\\alpha$-helical and $\\beta$-hairpin\npeptides, using the optimized force field. The results showed that the new\nforce-field parameters gave structures more consistent with the experimental\nimplications than the original AMBER ff03 force field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Small-scale behaviour in deterministic reaction models: In a recent paper published in this journal [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 42\n(2009) 495004] we studied a one-dimensional particles system where nearest\nparticles attract with a force inversely proportional to a power \\alpha of\ntheir distance and coalesce upon encounter. Numerics yielded a distribution\nfunction h(z) for the gap between neighbouring particles, with\nh(z)=z^{\\beta(\\alpha)} for small z and \\beta(\\alpha)>\\alpha. We can now prove\nanalytically that in the strict limit of z\\to 0, \\beta=\\alpha for \\alpha>0,\ncorresponding to the mean-field result, and we compute the length scale where\nmean-field breaks down. More generally, in that same limit correlations are\nnegligible for any similar reaction model where attractive forces diverge with\nvanishing distance. The actual meaning of the measured exponent \\beta(\\alpha)\nremains an open question.",
        "positive": "From discrete to continuous percolation in dimensions 3 to 7: We propose a method of studying the continuous percolation of aligned objects\nas a limit of a corresponding discrete model. We show that the convergence of a\ndiscrete model to its continuous limit is controlled by a power-law dependency\nwith a universal exponent $\\theta = 3/2$. This allows us to estimate the\ncontinuous percolation thresholds in a model of aligned hypercubes in\ndimensions $d = 3,\\ldots,7$ with accuracy far better than that attained using\nany other method before. We also report improved values of the correlation\nlength critical exponent $\\nu$ in dimensions $d = 4,5$ and the values of\nseveral universal wrapping probabilities for $d=4,\\ldots,7$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lowest Landau-level description of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a\n  rapidly rotating anisotropic trap: A rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensate in a symmetric two-dimensional\ntrap can be described with the lowest Landau-level set of states. In this case,\nthe condensate wave function psi(x,y) is a Gaussian function of r^2 = x^2 +\ny^2, multiplied by an analytic function P(z) of the single complex variable z=\nx+ i y; the zeros of P(z) denote the positions of the vortices. Here, a similar\ndescription is used for a rapidly rotating anisotropic two-dimensional trap\nwith arbitrary anisotropy (omega_x/omega_y le 1). The corresponding condensate\nwave function psi(x,y) has the form of a complex anisotropic Gaussian with a\nphase proportional to xy, multiplied by an analytic function P(zeta), where\nzeta is proportional to x + i beta_- y and 0 le beta_- le 1 is a real parameter\nthat depends on the trap anisotropy and the rotation frequency. The zeros of\nP(zeta) again fix the locations of the vortices. Within the set of lowest\nLandau-level states at zero temperature, an anisotropic parabolic density\nprofile provides an absolute minimum for the energy, with the vortex density\ndecreasing slowly and anisotropically away from the trap center.",
        "positive": "A nonperturbative Real-Space Renormalization Group scheme: Based on the original idea of the density matrix renormalization group\n(DMRG), i.e. to include the missing boundary conditions between adjacent blocks\nof the blocked quantum system, we present a rigorous and nonperturbative\nmathematical formulation for the real-space renormalization group (RG) idea\ninvented by L.P. Kadanoff and further developed by K.G. Wilson. This is\nachieved by using additional Hilbert spaces called auxiliary spaces in the\nconstruction of each single isolated block, which is then named a superblock\naccording to the original nomenclature. On this superblock we define two maps\ncalled embedding and truncation for successively integrating out the small\nscale structure. Our method overcomes the known difficulties of the numerical\nDMRG, i.e. limitation to zero temperature and one space dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Plastic response of a 2D amorphous solid to quasi-static shear : I -\n  Transverse particle diffusion and phenomenology of dissipative events: We perform extensive simulations of a 2D LJ glass subjected to quasi-static\nshear deformation at T=0. We analyze the distribution of non-affine\ndisplacements in terms of contributions of plastic, irreversible events, and\nelastic, reversible motions. From this, we extract information about\ncorrelations between plastic events and about the elastic non-affine noise.\nMoreover, we find that non-affine motion is essentially diffusive, with a\nclearly size-dependent diffusion constant. These results, supplemented by close\ninspection of the evolving patterns of the non-affine tangent displacement\nfield, lead us to propose a phenomenology of plasticity in such amorphous\nmedia. It can be schematized in terms of elastic loading and irreversible flips\nof small, randomly located shear transformation zones, elastically coupled via\ntheir quadrupolar fields.",
        "positive": "Comparative study of strong coupling theories of a trapped Fermi gas at\n  unitarity: We present a systematic comparison of the most recent thermodynamic\nmeasurements of a trapped Fermi gas at unitarity with predictions from strong\ncoupling theories and quantum Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The accuracy of the\nexperimental data, of the order of a few percent, allows a precise test of\ndifferent many-body approaches. We find that a Nozieres and Schmitt-Rink\ntreatment of fluctuations is in excellent agreement with the experimental data\nand available MC calculations at unitarity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dependence of the average to-node distance on the node degree for random\n  graphs and growing networks: In a graph, nodes can be characterized locally (with their degree $k$) or\nglobally (e.g. with their average length path $\\xi$ to other nodes). Here we\ninvestigate how $\\xi$ depends on $k$. Our earlier algorithm of the construction\nof the distance matrix is applied to the random graphs. Numerical calculations\nare performed for the random graphs and the growing networks: the scale-free\nones and the exponential ones. The results are relevant for search strategies\nin different networks.",
        "positive": "Theory of Electronic Relaxation in solution with ultra-short sink of\n  different shapes: An exact analytical solution: We propose a very simple one dimensional analytically solvable model for\nunderstanding the problem of electronic relaxation of molecules in solution.\nThis problem is modeled by a particle diffusing under the influence of\nparabolic potential in presence of a sink of ultra-short width. The diffusive\nmotion is described by the Smoluchowski equation and shape of the sink is\nrepresented by 1) ultra-short Gaussian, 2) ultra-short exponential and 3)\nultra-short rectangular function at arbitrary position. Rate constants are\nfound to be sensitive to the shape of the sink function, even though the width\nof the sink is too small. This model is of considerable importance as a\nrealistic model in comparison with the point sink model for understanding the\nproblem of electronic relaxation of a molecule in solution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unbinding transition of probes in single-file systems: Single-file transport, arising in quasi one-dimensional geometries where\nparticles cannot pass each other, is characterized by the anomalous dynamics of\na probe, notably its response to an external force. In these systems, the\nmotion of several probes submitted to different external forces, although\nrelevant to mixtures of charged and neutral or active and passive objects,\nremains unexplored. Here, we determine how several probes respond to external\nforces. We rely on a hydrodynamic description of the symmetric exclusion\nprocess to obtain exact analytical results at long times. We show that the\nprobes can either move as a whole, or separate into two groups moving away from\neach other. In between the two regimes, they separate with a different\ndynamical exponent, as $t^{1/4}$. This unbinding transition also occurs in\nseveral continuous single-file systems and is expected to be observable.",
        "positive": "Physical properties of a generalized model of multilayer adsorption of\n  dimers: We investigate the transport properties of a complex porous structure with\nbranched fractal architectures formed due to the gradual deposition of dimers\nin a model of multilayer adsorption. We thoroughly study the interplay between\nthe orientational anisotropy parameter $p_0$ of deposited dimers and the\nformation of porous structures, as well as its impact on the conductivity of\nthe system, through extensive numerical simulations. By systematically varying\nthe value of $p_0$, several critical and off-critical scaling relations\ncharacterizing the behavior of the system are examined. The results demonstrate\nthat the degree of orientational anisotropy of dimers plays a significant role\nin determining the structural and physical characteristics of the system. We\nfind that the Einstein relation relating to the size scaling of the electrical\nconductance holds true only in the limiting case of $p_0 \\to 1$. Monitoring the\nfractal dimension of the interface of the multilayer formation for various\n$p_0$ values, we reveal that in a wide range of $p_0 > 0.2$ interface shows the\ncharacteristic of a self-avoiding random walk, compared to the limiting case of\n$p_0 \\to 0$ where it is characterized by the fractal dimension of the backbone\nof ordinary percolation cluster at criticality. Our results thus can provide\nuseful information about the fundamental mechanisms underlying the formation\nand behavior of wide varieties of amorphous and disordered systems that are of\nparamount importance both in science and technology as well as in environmental\nstudies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous diffusion and FRAP dynamics in the random comb model: We address the problem of diffusion on a comb whose teeth display a varying\nlength. Specifically, the length $\\ell$ of each tooth is drawn from a\nprobability distribution displaying the large-$\\ell$ behavior $P(\\ell) \\sim\n\\ell^{-(1+\\alpha)}$ ($\\alpha>0$). Our method is based on the mean-field\ndescription provided by the well-tested CTRW approach for the random comb\nmodel, and the obtained analytical result for the diffusion coefficient is\nconfirmed by numerical simulations. We subsequently incorporate retardation\neffects arising from binding/unbinding kinetics into our model and obtain a\nscaling law characterizing the corresponding change in the diffusion\ncoefficient. Finally, our results for the diffusion coefficient are used as an\ninput to compute concentration recovery curves mimicking FRAP experiments in\ncomb-like geometries such as spiny dendrites. We show that such curves cannot\nbe fitted perfectly by a model based on scaled Brownian motion, i.e., a\nstandard diffusion equation with a time-dependent diffusion coefficient.\nHowever, differences between the exact curves and such fits are small, thereby\nproviding justification for the practical use of models relying on scaled\nBrownian motion as a fitting procedure for recovery curves arising from\nparticle diffusion in comb-like systems.",
        "positive": "How to calculate quantum quench distributions with a weighted\n  Wang-Landau Monte Carlo: We present here an extension of the Wang-Landau Monte Carlo method which\nallows us to get very accurate estimates of the full probability distributions\nof several observables after a quantum quench for large systems, whenever the\nrelevant matrix elements are calculable, but the full exponential complexity of\nthe Hilbert space would make an exhaustive enumeration impossible beyond very\nlimited sizes. We apply this method to quenches of free-fermion models with\ndisorder, further corroborating the fact that a generalized Gibbs ensemble\nfails to capture the long-time average of many-body operators when disorder is\npresent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "(Non equilibrium) Thermodynamics of Integrable models: The Generalized\n  Gibbs Ensemble description of the classical Neumann Model: We study a classical integrable (Neumann) model describing the motion of a\nparticle on the sphere, subject to harmonic forces. We tackle the problem in\nthe infinite dimensional limit by introducing a soft version in which the\nspherical constraint is imposed only on average over initial conditions. We\nshow that the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble captures the long-time averages of the\nsoft model. We reveal the full dynamic phase diagram with extended,\nquasi-condensed, coordinate-, and coordinate and momentum-condensed phases. The\nscaling properties of the fluctuations allow us to establish in which cases the\nstrict and soft spherical constraints are equivalent, confirming the validity\nof the GGE hypothesis for the Neumann model on a large portion of the dynamic\nphase diagram.",
        "positive": "Network Discovery by Generalized Random Walks: We investigate network exploration by random walks defined via stationary and\nadaptive transition probabilities on large graphs. We derive an exact formula\nvalid for arbitrary graphs and arbitrary walks with stationary transition\nprobabilities (STP), for the average number of discovered edges as function of\ntime. We show that for STP walks site and edge exploration obey the same\nscaling $\\sim n^{\\lambda}$ as function of time $n$. Therefore, edge exploration\non graphs with many loops is always lagging compared to site exploration, the\nrevealed graph being sparse until almost all nodes have been discovered. We\nthen introduce the Edge Explorer Model, which presents a novel class of\nadaptive walks, that perform faithful network discovery even on dense networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat transport in a three dimensional slab geometry and the temperature\n  profile of Ingen-Hausz's experiment: We study the transport of heat in a three dimensional harmonic crystal of\nslab geometry whose boundaries and the intermediate surfaces are connected to\nstochastic, white noise heat baths at different temperatures. Heat baths at the\nintermediate surfaces are required to fix the initial state of the slab in\nrespect of its surroundings. We allow the flow of energy fluxes between the\nintermediate surfaces and the attached baths and impose conditions that relate\nthe widths of the Gaussian noises of the intermediate baths. The radiated heat\nobeys Newton's law of cooling when intermediate baths collectively constitute\nthe environment surrounding the slab. We show that Fourier's law holds in the\ncontinuum limit. We obtain an exponentially falling temperature profile from\nhigh to low temperature end of the slab and this very nature of the profile was\nalready confirmed by Ingen Hausz's experiment. Temperature profile of similar\nnature is also obtained in the one dimensional version of this model.",
        "positive": "The derivation of Markov processes that violate detailed balance: Time-reversal symmetry of microscopic laws dictates that the equilibrium\ndistribution of a stochastic process must obey the detailed balance. On the\nother hand, cyclic Markov processes that do not admit equilibrium distributions\nwith detailed balance, are often used to model open systems driven out of\nequilibrium by external agents. I show that for a Markov model without detailed\nbalance, an extended Markov model that explicitly includes the degrees of\nfreedom for the driving agent can be constructed, such that the original cyclic\nMarkov model for the driven system can be recovered as an approximation at\nearly times, by summing over the degrees of freedom for the driving agent. In\nthe process, the widely accepted formula for the entropy production in a cyclic\nMarkov model is explicitly expressed as a time derivative of an entropy\ncomponent in the extended model. I also find an analytic formula for the\nentropy component that is hidden in the cyclic Markov model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Experiments in randomly agitated granular assemblies close to the\n  jamming transition: We present here the preliminary results obtained for two experiments on\nrandomly agitated granular assemblies using a novel way of shaking. First we\ndiscuss the transport properties of a 2D model system undergoing classical\nshaking that show the importance of large scale dynamics for this type of\nagitation and offer a local view of the microscopic motions of a grain. We then\ndevelop a new way of vibrating the system allowing for random accelerations\nsmaller than gravity. Using this method we study the evolution of the free\nsurface as well as results from a light scattering method for a 3D model\nsystem. The final aim of these experiments is to investigate the ideas of\neffective temperature on the one hand as a function of inherent states and on\nthe other hand using fluctuation dissipation relations.",
        "positive": "Conserved mass aggregation model with mass-dependent fragmentation: We study a conserved mass aggregation model with mass-dependent fragmentation\nin one dimension. In the model, the whole mass $m$ of a site isotropically\ndiffuse with unit rate. With rate $\\omega$, a mass $m^{\\lambda}$ is fragmented\nfrom the site and moves to a randomly selected nearest neighbor site. Since the\nfragmented mass is smaller than the whole mass $m$ of a site for $\\lambda < 1$,\nthe on-site attractive interaction exists for the case. For $\\lambda = 0$, the\nmodel is known to undergo the condensation phase transitions from a fluid phase\ninto a condensed phase as the density of total masses ($\\rho$) increases beyond\na critical density $\\rho_c$. For $0< \\lambda <1$, we numerically confirm for\nseveral values of $\\omega$ that $\\rho_c$ diverges with the system size $L$.\nHence in thermodynamic limit, the condensed phase disappears and no transitions\ntake place in one dimension. We also explain that there are no transitions in\nany dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Intrinsic noise and two-dimensional maps: Quasicycles, quasiperiodicity,\n  and chaos: We develop a formalism to describe the discrete-time dynamics of systems\ncontaining an arbitrary number of interacting species. The individual-based\nmodel, which forms our starting point, is described by a Markov chain, which in\nthe limit of large system sizes is shown to be very well-approximated by a\nFokker-Planck-like equation, or equivalently by a set of stochastic difference\nequations. This formalism is applied to the specific case of two species: one\npredator species and its prey species. Quasi-cycles --- stochastic cycles\nsustained and amplified by the demographic noise --- previously found in\ncontinuous-time predator-prey models are shown to exist, and their behavior\npredicted from a linear noise analysis is shown to be in very good agreement\nwith simulations. The effects of the noise on other attractors in the\ncorresponding deterministic map, such as periodic cycles, quasiperiodicity and\nchaos, are also investigated.",
        "positive": "Study of universality crossover in the contact process: We consider a generalization of the contact process stochastic model,\nincluding an additional autocatalitic process. The phase diagram of this model\nin the proper two-parameter space displays a line of transitions between an\nactive and an absorbing phase which starts at the critical point of the contact\nprocess and ends at the transition point of the voter model. Thus, a crossover\nbetween the directed percolation and the compact percolation universality\nclasses is observed at this latter point. We study this crossover by a variety\nof techniques. Using supercritical series expansions analyzed with partial\ndifferential approximants, we obtain precise estimates of the crossover\nbehavior of the model. In particular, we find an estimate for the crossover\nexponent $\\phi=2.00 \\pm 0.02$. We also show arguments that support the\nconjecture $\\phi=2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Epitaxial mounding in limited mobility models of surface growth: We study, through large scale stochastic simulations using the noise\nreduction technique, a large number of simple nonequilibrium limited mobility\nsolid-on-solid growth models. We find that d=2+1 dimensional surface growth in\nseveral noise reduced models (most notably the Wolf-Villain and the\nLarger-Curvature model) exhibits spectacular quasi-regular mound formation with\nslope selection in their dynamical surface morphology. The mounding instability\nin these epitaxial growth models does not involve the Ehrlich-Schwoebel step\nedge diffusion barrier. The mounded morphology in these growth models arises\nfrom the interplay between the line tension along step edges in the plane\nparallel to the average surface and the suppression of noise and island\nnucleation. The line tension tends to stabilize some of the step orientations\nthat coincide with in-plane high symmetry crystalline directions, and thus the\nmounds that are formed assume quasi-regular structures. The noise reduction\ntechnique developed originally for Eden type models can be used to control the\nstochastic noise and enhance diffusion along the step edge, which ultimately\nleads to the formation of quasi-regular mounds during growth. We show that by\nincreasing the diffusion surface length together with supression of nucleation\nand deposition noise, one can obtain a self-organization of the pyramids in\nquasi-regular patterns.",
        "positive": "KPZ scaling in topological mixing: In the spirit of recent works on topological chaos generated by sequential\nrotation of infinitely thin stirrers placed in a viscous liquid, we consider\nthe statistical properties of braiding exponent which quantitatively\ncharacterizes the chaotic behavior of advected particles in two-dimensional\nflows. We pay a special attention to the random stirring protocol and study the\ntime-dependent behavior of the variance of the braiding exponent. We show that\nthis behavior belongs to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class typical for\nmodels of nonstationary growth. Using the matrix (Magnus) representation of the\nbraid group generators, we relate the random stirring protocol with the growth\nof random heap generated by a ballistic deposition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time-reversal symmetry relation for nonequilibrium flows ruled by the\n  fluctuating Boltzmann equation: A time-reversal symmetry relation is established for out-of-equilibrium\ndilute or rarefied gases described by the fluctuating Boltzmann equation. The\nrelation is obtained from the associated coarse-grained master equation ruling\nthe random numbers of particles in cells of given position and velocity in the\nsingle-particle phase space. The symmetry relation concerns the fluctuating\nparticle and energy currents of the gas flowing between reservoirs or\nthermalizing surfaces at given particle densities or temperatures.",
        "positive": "Dynamics at the edge for independent diffusing particles: We study the dynamics of the outliers for a large number of independent\nBrownian particles in one dimension. We derive the multi-time joint\ndistribution of the position of the rightmost particle, by two different\nmethods. We obtain the two time joint distribution of the maximum and second\nmaximum positions, and study the counting statistics at the edge. Finally we\nderive the multi-time joint distribution of the running maximum, as well as the\njoint distribution of the arrival time of the first particle at several space\npoints."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Precise Algorithm to Generate Random Sequential Addition of Hard\n  Hyperspheres at Saturation: Random sequential addition (RSA) time-dependent packing process, in which\ncongruent hard hyperspheres are randomly and sequentially placed into a system\nwithout interparticle overlap, is a useful packing model to study disorder in\nhigh dimensions. Of particular interest is the infinite-time {\\it saturation}\nlimit in which the available space for another sphere tends to zero. However,\nthe associated saturation density has been determined in all previous\ninvestigations by extrapolating the density results for near-saturation\nconfigurations to the saturation limit, which necessarily introduces numerical\nuncertainties. We have refined an algorithm devised by us [S. Torquato, O.\nUche, and F.~H. Stillinger, Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 74}, 061308 (2006)] to generate\nRSA packings of identical hyperspheres. The improved algorithm produce such\npackings that are guaranteed to contain no available space using finite\ncomputational time with heretofore unattained precision and across the widest\nrange of dimensions ($2 \\le d \\le 8$). We have also calculated the packing and\ncovering densities, pair correlation function $g_2(r)$ and structure factor\n$S(k)$ of the saturated RSA configurations. As the space dimension increases,\nwe find that pair correlations markedly diminish, consistent with a recently\nproposed \"decorrelation\" principle, and the degree of \"hyperuniformity\"\n(suppression of infinite-wavelength density fluctuations) increases. We have\nalso calculated the void exclusion probability in order to compute the\nso-called quantizer error of the RSA packings, which is related to the second\nmoment of inertia of the average Voronoi cell. Our algorithm is easily\ngeneralizable to generate saturated RSA packings of nonspherical particles.",
        "positive": "Microstructure and Velocity of Field-Driven SOS Interfaces: Analytic\n  Approximations and Numerical Results: The local structure of a solid-on-solid (SOS) interface in a two-dimensional\nkinetic Ising ferromagnet with single-spin-flip Glauber dynamics, which is\ndriven far from equilibrium by an applied field, is studied by an analytic\nmean-field, nonlinear-response theory [P.A. Rikvold and M. Kolesik, J. Stat.\nPhys. 100, 377 (2000)] and by dynamic Monte Carlo simulations. The probability\ndensity of the height of an individual step in the surface is obtained, both\nanalytically and by simulation. The width of the probability density is found\nto increase dramatically with the magnitude of the applied field, with close\nagreement between the theoretical predictions and the simulation results.\nExcellent agreement between theory and simulations is also found for the\nfield-dependence and anisotropy of the interface velocity. The joint\ndistribution of nearest-neighbor step heights is obtained by simulation. It\nshows increasing correlations with increasing field, similar to the skewness\nobserved in other examples of growing surfaces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simplest nonequilibrium phase transition into an absorbing state: We study in further detail particle models displaying a boundary-induced\nabsorbing state phase transition [Phys. Rev. E. {\\bf 65}, 046104 (2002) and\nPhys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 100}, 165701 (2008)] . These are one-dimensional systems\nconsisting of a single site (the boundary) where creation and annihilation of\nparticles occur and a bulk where particles move diffusively. We study different\nversions of these models, and confirm that, except for one exactly solvable\nbosonic variant exhibiting a discontinuous transition and trivial exponents,\nall the others display non-trivial behavior, with critical exponents differing\nfrom their mean-field values, representing a universality class. Finally, the\nrelation of these systems with a $(0+1)$-dimensional non-Markovian process is\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Subthreshold behavior and avalanches in an exactly solvable Charge\n  Density Wave system: We present a toy charge density wave (CDW) model in 1d exhibiting a depinning\ntransition with threshold force and configurations that are explicit. Due to\nthe periodic boundary conditions imposed, the threshold configuration has a set\nof topological defects whose location and number depend on the realization of\nthe random phases. Approaching threshold, these defects are relocated by\navalanches whose size dependence on the external driving force $F$ is described\nby a record-breaking process. We find that the depinning transition in this\nmodel is a critical phenomenon, with the cumulative avalanche size diverging\nnear threshold as $(F_{\\rm th} - F)^{-2}$. The exact avalanche size\ndistributions and their dependence on the control parameter $(F_{\\rm th} - F)$\nare obtained. Remarkably, the scaling exponents associated with the critical\nbehavior depend on (1) the initial conditions and (2) the relationship between\nthe system size and the pinning strength."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Unequal Twins - Probability Distributions Aren't Everything: It is the common lore to assume that knowing the equation for the probability\ndistribution function (PDF) of a stochastic model as a function of time tells\nthe whole picture defining all other characteristics of the model. We show that\nthis is not the case by comparing two exactly solvable models of anomalous\ndiffusion due to geometric constraints: The comb model and the random walk on a\nrandom walk (RWRW). We show that though the two models have exactly the same\nPDFs, they differ in other respects, like their first passage time (FPT)\ndistributions, their autocorrelation functions and their aging properties.",
        "positive": "Quantum Confinement and Negative Heat Capacity: Thermodynamics dictates that the specific heat of a system is strictly\nnon-negative. However, in finite classical systems there are well known\ntheoretical and experimental cases where this rule is violated, in particular\nfinite atomic clusters. Here, we show for the first time that negative heat\ncapacity can also occur in finite quantum systems. The physical scenario on\nwhich this effect might be experimentally observed is discussed. Observing such\nan effect might lead to the design of new light harvesting nano devices, in\nparticular a solar nano refrigerator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized canonical ensembles and ensemble equivalence: This paper is a companion article to our previous paper (J. Stat. Phys. 119,\n1283 (2005), cond-mat/0408681), which introduced a generalized canonical\nensemble obtained by multiplying the usual Boltzmann weight factor $e^{-\\beta\nH}$ of the canonical ensemble with an exponential factor involving a continuous\nfunction $g$ of the Hamiltonian $H$. We provide here a simplified introduction\nto our previous work, focusing now on a number of physical rather than\nmathematical aspects of the generalized canonical ensemble. The main result\ndiscussed is that, for suitable choices of $g$, the generalized canonical\nensemble reproduces, in the thermodynamic limit, all the microcanonical\nequilibrium properties of the many-body system represented by $H$ even if this\nsystem has a nonconcave microcanonical entropy function. This is something that\nin general the standard ($g=0$) canonical ensemble cannot achieve. Thus a\nvirtue of the generalized canonical ensemble is that it can be made equivalent\nto the microcanonical ensemble in cases where the canonical ensemble cannot.\nThe case of quadratic $g$-functions is discussed in detail; it leads to the\nso-called Gaussian ensemble.",
        "positive": "Bounding dissipation in stochastic models: We generalize to stochastic dynamics the exact expression for average\ndissipation along an arbitrary non-equilibrium process, given in Phys. Rev.\nLett. 98, 080602 (2007). We then derive lower bounds by various coarse-graining\nprocedures and illustrate how, when and where the information on the\ndissipation is captured in models of over- and underdamped Brownian particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simulated Tempering and Magnetizing: An Application of Two-Dimensional\n  Simulated Tempering to Two-Dimensional Ising Model and Its Crossover: We performed two-dimensional simulated tempering (ST) simulations of the\ntwo-dimensional Ising model with different lattice sizes in order to\ninvestigate the two-dimensional ST's applicability to dealing with phase\ntransitions and to study the crossover of critical scaling behavior. The\nexternal field, as well as the temperature, was treated as a dynamical variable\nupdated during the simulations. Thus, this simulation can be referred to as\n\"Simulated Tempering and Magnetizing (STM).\" We also performed the \"Simulated\nMagnetizing\" (SM) simulations, in which the external field was considered as a\ndynamical variable and temperature was not. As has been discussed by previous\nstudies, the ST method is not always compatible with first-order phase\ntransitions. This is also true in the magnetizing process. Flipping of the\nentire magnetization did not occur in the SM simulations under $T_\\mathrm{c}$\nin large lattice-size simulations. However, the phase changed through the high\ntemperature region in the STM simulations. Thus, the dimensional extension let\nus eliminate the difficulty of the first-order phase transitions and study wide\narea of the phase space. We then discuss how frequently parameter-updating\nattempts should be made for optimal convergence. The results favor frequent\nattempts. We finally study the crossover behavior of the phase transitions with\nrespect to the temperature and external field. The crossover behavior was\nclearly observed in the simulations in agreement with the theoretical\nimplications.",
        "positive": "Joule-Thomson coefficient of ideal anyons within fractional exclusion\n  statistics: The analytical expressions of the Joule-Thomson coefficient for homogeneous\nand harmonically trapped three-dimensional ideal anyons which obey Haldane\nfractional exclusion statistics are derived. For an ideal Fermi gas, the\nJoule-Thomson coefficient is negative, which means that there is no maximum\nJoule-Thomson inversion temperature. With careful study, it is found that there\nexists a Joule-Thomson inversion temperature in the fractional exclusion\nstatistics model. Furthermore, the relations between the Joule-Thomson\ninversion temperature and the statistical parameter $g$ are investigated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous diffusion in nonhomogeneous media: Power spectral density of\n  signals generated by time-subordinated nonlinear Langevin equations: Subdiffusive behavior of one-dimensional stochastic systems can be described\nby time-subordinated Langevin equations. The corresponding probability density\nsatisfies the time-fractional Fokker-Planck equations. In the homogeneous\nsystems the power spectral density of the signals generated by such Langevin\nequations has power-law dependency on the frequency with the exponent smaller\nthan 1. In this paper we consider nonhomogeneous systems and show that in such\nsystems the power spectral density can have power-law behavior with the\nexponent equal to or larger than 1 in a wide range of intermediate frequencies.",
        "positive": "Critical Casimir Effect: Exact Results: In any medium there are fluctuations due to temperature or due to the quantum\nnature of its constituents. If a material body is immersed into such a medium,\nits shape and the properties of its constituents modify the properties of the\nsurrounding medium and its fluctuations. If in the same medium there is a\nsecond body then -- in addition to all direct interactions between them -- the\nmodifications due to the first body influence the modifications due to the\nsecond body. This mutual influence results in a force between these bodies. If\nthe excitations of the medium, which mediate the effective interaction between\nthe bodies, are massless, this force is long-ranged and nowadays known as a\nCasimir force. If the fluctuating medium consists of the confined\nelectromagnetic field in vacuum, one speaks of the quantum mechanical Casimir\neffect. In the case that the order parameter of material fields fluctuates -\nsuch as differences of number densities or concentrations - and that the\ncorresponding fluctuations of the order parameter are long-ranged, one speaks\nof the critical Casimir effect. This holds, e.g., in the case of systems which\nundergo a second-order phase transition and which are thermodynamically located\nnear the corresponding critical point, or for systems with a continuous\nsymmetry exhibiting Goldstone mode excitations. Here we review the currently\navailable exact results concerning the critical Casimir effect in systems\nencompassing the one-dimensional Ising, XY, and Heisenberg models, the\ntwo-dimensional Ising model, the Gaussian and the spherical models, as well as\nthe mean field results for the Ising and the XY model. Special attention is\npaid to the influence of the boundary conditions on the behavior of the Casimir\nforce."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Order, Disorder, and Transitions in Decorated AKLT States on Bethe\n  Lattices: Returning to one of the original generalizations of the AKLT state, we extend\nprior analysis on the Bethe lattice (or Cayley tree) to a variant with a series\nof $n$ spin-1 decorations placed on each edge. The recurrence relations derived\nfor this system demonstrate that such systems are critical for coordination\nnumbers $z=3^{n+1}$, demonstrating order for greater and disorder for lesser\ncoordination number. We then generalize further, effectively interpolating\nbetween systems with different values of $n$, using two realizations, one\nisotropic under local $SU(2)$ transformations and one anisotropic. Exact\nanalysis of these recurrence relations allows us to deduce the location and\nbehavior of order-disorder phase transitions for $z>4$.",
        "positive": "Information Capacity of a Hierarchical Neural Network: The information conveyed by a hierarchical attractor neural network is\nexamined. The network learns sets of correlated patterns (the examples) in the\nlowest level of the hierarchical tree and can categorize them at the upper\nlevels. A way to measure the non-extensive information content of the examples\nis formulated. Curves showing the transition from a large retrieval information\nto a large categorization information behavior, when the number of examples\nincrease, are displayed. The conditions for the maximal information are given\nas functions of the correlation between examples and the load of concepts.\nNumerical simulations support the analytical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A New Estimate of the Cutoff Value in the Bak-Sneppen Model: We present evidence that the Bak-Sneppen model of evolution on $N$ vertices\nrequires $N^3$ iterates to reach equilibrium. This is substantially more than\nprevious authors suggested (on the order of $N^2$). Based on that estimate, we\npresent a novel algorithm inspired by previous rank-driven analyses of the\nmodel allowing for direct simulation of the model with populations of up to $N\n= 25600$ for $2\\cdot N^3$ iterations. These extensive simulations suggest a\ncutoff value of $x^* = 0.66692 \\pm 0.00003$, a value slightly lower than\npreviously estimated yet still distinctly above $2/3$. We also study how the\ncutoff values $x^*_N$ at finite $N$ approximate the conjectured value $x^*$ at\n$N=\\infty$. Assuming $x^*_N-x^*_\\infty \\sim N^{-\\nu}$, we find that\n$\\nu=0.978\\pm 0.025$, which is significantly lower than previous estimates\n($\\nu\\approx 1.4$).",
        "positive": "Finding critical points and correlation length exponents using finite\n  size scaling of Gini index: The order parameter for a continuous transition shows diverging fluctuation\nnear the critical point. Here we show, through numerical simulations and\nscaling arguments, that the inequality (or variability) between the values of\nan order parameter, measured near a critical point, is independent of the\nsystem size. Quantification of such variability through Gini index ($g$),\ntherefore, leads to a scaling form $g=G\\left[|F-F_c|N^{1/d\\nu}\\right]$, where\n$F$ denotes the driving parameter for the transition (e.g., temperature $T$ for\nferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition transition, or lattice occupation\nprobability $p$), $N$ is the system size, $d$ is the spatial dimension and\n$\\nu$ is the correlation length exponent. We demonstrate the scaling for the\nIsing model in two and three dimensions, site percolation on square lattice and\nthe fiber bundle model of fracture."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From the adiabatic piston to macroscopic motion induced by fluctuations: The controversial problem of an isolated system with an internal adiabatic\nwall is investigated with the use of a simple microscopic model and the\nBoltzmann equation. In the case of two infinite volume one-dimensional ideal\nfluids separated by a piston whose mass is equal to the mass of the fluid\nparticles we obtain a rigorous explicit stationary non-equilibrium solution of\nthe Boltzmann equation. It is shown that at equal pressures on both sides of\nthe piston, the temperature difference induces a non-zero average velocity,\noriented toward the region of higher temperature. It thus turns out that\ndespite the absence of macroscopic forces the asymmetry of fluctuations results\nin a systematic macroscopic motion. This remarkable effect is analogous to the\ndynamics of stochastic ratchets, where fluctuations conspire with spatial\nanisotropy to generate direct motion. However, a different mechanism is\ninvolved here. The relevance of the discovered motion to the adiabatic piston\nproblem is discussed.",
        "positive": "Condensation vs. phase-ordering in the dynamics of first order\n  transitions: The origin of the non commutativity of the limits $t \\to \\infty$ and $N \\to\n\\infty$ in the dynamics of first order transitions is investigated. In the\nlarge-N model, i.e. $N \\to \\infty$ taken first, the low temperature phase is\ncharacterized by condensation of the large wave length fluctuations rather than\nby genuine phase-ordering as when $t \\to \\infty$ is taken first. A detailed\nstudy of the scaling properties of the structure factor in the large-N model is\ncarried out for quenches above, at and below T_c. Preasymptotic scaling is\nfound and crossover phenomena are related to the existence of components in the\norder parameter with different scaling properties. Implications for\nphase-ordering in realistic systems are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation-driven directed transport in the presence of Levy flights: Numerical evidence of directed transport driven by symmetric Levy noise in\ntime-independent ratchet potentials in the absence of an external tilting force\nis presented. The results are based on the numerical solution of the fractional\nFokker-Planck equation in a periodic potential and the corresponding Langevin\nequation with Levy noise. The Levy noise drives the system out of thermodynamic\nequilibrium and an up-hill net current is generated. For small values of the\nnoise intensity there is an optimal value of the Levy noise index yielding the\nmaximum current. The direction and magnitude of the current can be manipulated\nby changing the Levy noise asymmetry and the potential asymmetry.",
        "positive": "A simplified Parisi Ansatz II: REM universality: In a previous work [A simplified Parisi Ansatz, Franchini, S., Commun. Theor.\nPhys., 73, 055601 (2021)] we introduced a simple method to compute the Random\nOverlap Structure of Aizenmann, Simm and Stars and the full-RSB Parisi formula\nfor the Sherrington-Kirckpatrick Model without using replica theory. The method\nconsists in partitioning the system into smaller sub-systems that we call\nlayers, and iterate the Bayes rule. A central ansatz in our derivation was that\nthese layers could be approximated by Random Energy Models of the Derrida type.\nIn this paper we analyze the properties of the layers in detail, and show the\nequivalence with the Random Energy Model at low temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-dimensional anisotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnet in a field: The classical, square lattice, uniaxially anisotropic Heisenberg\nantiferromagnet in a magnetic field parallel to the easy axis is studied using\nMonte Carlo techniques. The model displays a long-range ordered\nantiferromagnetic, an algebraically ordered spin-flop, and a paramagnetic\nphase. The simulations indicate that a narrow disordered phase intervenes\nbetween the ordered phases down to quite low temperatures. Results are compared\nto previous, partially conflicting findings on related classical models as well\nas the quantum variant with spin S=1/2.",
        "positive": "Entropy Production in Quantum Brownian Motion: We investigate how to coherently define entropy production for a process of\ntransient relaxation in the Quantum Brownian Motion model for harmonic\npotential. We compare a form, called \"Poised\" (P), which after non-Markovian\ntransients corresponds to a definition of heat as the change in the system\nHamiltonian of mean force, with a recent proposal by Esposito (ELB) based on a\ndefinition of heat as the energy change in the bath. Both expressions yield a\npositive-defined entropy production and coincide for vanishing coupling\nstrength, but their difference is proved to be always positive (after\nnon-Markovian transients disappear) and to grow as the coupling strength\nincreases. In the classical over-damped limit the \"Poised\" entropy production\nconverges to the entropy production used in stochastic thermodynamics. We also\ninvestigate the effects of the system size, and of the ensuing Poincar\\'e\nrecurrences, and how the classical limit is approached. We close by discussing\nthe strong-coupling limit, in which the ideal canonical equilibrium of the bath\nis violated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Configurational entropy of polydisperse supercooled liquids: We propose a computational method to measure the configurational entropy in\ngeneric polydisperse glass-formers. In particular, our method resolves issues\nrelated to the diverging mixing entropy term due to a continuous\npolydispersity. The configurational entropy is measured as the difference\nbetween the well-defined fluid entropy and a more problematic glass entropy. We\nshow that the glass entropy can be computed by a simple generalisation of the\nFrenkel-Ladd thermodynamic integration method, which includes permutations of\nthe particle diameters. This approach automatically provides a physically\nmeaningful mixing entropy, and includes contributions that are not purely\nvibrational. The proposed configurational entropy is thus devoid of conceptual\nand technical difficulties due to continuous polydispersity, while being\nconceptually closer and technically simpler than alternative free energy\napproaches.",
        "positive": "Robust estimation of position-dependent anisotropic diffusivity tensors\n  from stochastic trajectories: Materials under confinement can possess properties that deviate considerably\nfrom their bulk counterparts. Indeed, confinement makes all physical properties\nposition-dependent and possibly anisotropic, and characterizing such spatial\nvariations and directionality is an intense area of focus in experimental and\ncomputational studies of confined matter. While this task is fairly\nstraightforward for simple mechanical observables, it is far more daunting for\ntransport properties such as diffusivity that can only be estimated from\nautocorrelations of mechanical observables. For instance, there are well\nestablished methods for estimating diffusivity from experimentally observed or\ncomputationally generated trajectories in the bulk. No rigorous generalizations\nof such methods, however, exist for confined systems. In this work, we present\ntwo filtered covariance estimators for computing anisotropic and\nposition-dependent diffusivity tensors and validate them by applying them to\nstochastic trajectories generated according to known diffusivity profiles.\nThese estimators can accurately capture spatial variations spanning over\nseveral orders of magnitude and assuming different functional forms. Our\napproach is also very robust to implementation details such as the localization\nfunction and time discretization and performs significantly better than\nestimators that are solely based on local covariance. Moreover, the kernel\nfunction does not have to be localized and can instead belong to a dictionary\nof orthogonal functions. Therefore, the proposed estimator can be readily used\nto obtain functional estimates of diffusivity rather than a tabulated\ncollection of pointwise estimates. Nonetheless, the susceptibility of the\nproposed estimators to time discretization is higher close to hard boundaries.\nWe demonstrate this heightened susceptibility to be common among all\ncovariance-based estimators."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fisher-based thermodynamics for scale-invariant systems: Zipf's Law as\n  an equilibrium state of a scale-free ideal gas: We present a thermodynamic formulation for scale-invariant systems based on\nthe principle of extreme information. We create an analogy between these\nsystems and the well-known thermodynamics of gases and fluids, and study as a\ncompelling case the non-interacting system -the scale-free ideal gas-\npresenting some empirical evidences of electoral results, city population and\ntotal cites of Physics journals that confirm its existence. The empirical class\nof universality known as Zipf's law is derived from first principles: we show\nthat this special class of power law can be understood as the density\ndistribution of an equilibrium state of the scale-free ideal gas, whereas power\nlaws of different exponent arise from equilibrium and non-equilibrium states.\nWe also predict the appearance of the log-normal distribution as the\nequilibrium density of a harmonically constrained system, and finally derive an\nequivalent microscopic description of these systems.",
        "positive": "Inequivalence of time and ensemble averages in ergodic systems:\n  exponential versus power-law relaxation in confinement: Single particle tracking has become a standard tool to investigate diffusive\nproperties, especially in small systems such as biological cells. Usually the\nresulting time series are analyzed in terms of time averages over individual\ntrajectories. Here we study confined normal as well as anomalous diffusion\nmodeled by fractional Brownian motion and the fractional Langevin equation, and\nshow that even for such ergodic systems time-averaged quantities behave\ndifferently from their ensemble averaged counterparts, irrespective of how long\nthe measurement time becomes. Knowledge of the exact behavior of time averages\nis therefore fundamental for the proper physical interpretation of measured\ntime series, in particular, for extraction of the relaxation time scale from\ndata."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chiral effects in classical spinning gas: We consider a statistical mechanics of rotating ideal gas consisting of\nclassical non-relativistic spinning particles. The microscopic structure\nelements of the system are massive point particles with a nonzero proper\nangular momentum. The norm of proper angular momentum is determined by spin.\nThe direction of proper angular momentum changes continuously. Applying the\nGibbs canonical formalism for the rotating system, we construct the\none-particle distribution function, generalising the usual Maxwell-Boltzmann\ndistribution, and the partition function of the system. The model demonstrates\na set of chiral effects caused by interaction of spin and macroscopic rotation,\nincluding the change of entropy, heat capacity, chemical potential and angular\nmomentum.",
        "positive": "Why are all dualities conformal? Theory and practical consequences: We relate duality mappings to the \"Babbage equation\" F(F(z)) = z, with F a\nmap linking weak- to strong-coupling theories. Under fairly general conditions\nF may only be a specific conformal transformation of the fractional linear\ntype. This deep general result has enormous practical consequences. For\nexample, one can establish that weak- and strong- coupling series expansions of\narbitrarily large finite size systems are trivially related, i.e., after\ngenerating one of those series the other is automatically determined through a\nset of linear constraints between the series coefficients. This latter relation\npartially solve or, equivalently, localize the computational complexity of\nevaluating the series expansion to a simple fraction of those coefficients. As\na bonus, those relations also encode non-trivial equalities between different\ngeometric constructions in general dimensions, and connect derived coefficients\nto polytope volumes. We illustrate our findings by examining various models\nincluding, but not limited to, ferromagnetic and spin-glass Ising, and Ising\ngauge type theories on hypercubic lattices in 1< D <9 dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production by active particles: Coupling of odd and even\n  functions of velocity: Non-equilibrium stochastic dynamics of several active Brownian systems are\nmodeled in terms of non-linear velocity dependent force. In general, this force\nmay consist of both even and odd functions of velocity. We derive the\nexpression for total entropy production in such systems using the Fokker-Planck\nequation. The result is consistent with the expression for stochastic entropy\nproduction in the reservoir, that we obtain from probabilities of time-forward\nand time-reversed trajectories, leading to fluctuation theorems. Numerical\nsimulation is used to find probability distribution of entropy production,\nwhich shows good agreement with the detailed fluctuation theorem.",
        "positive": "Inferring dissipation from current fluctuations: Complex physical dynamics can often be modeled as a Markov jump process\nbetween mesoscopic configurations. When jumps between mesoscopic states are\nmediated by thermodynamic reservoirs, the time-irreversibility of the jump\nprocess is a measure of the physical dissipation. We rederive a recently\nintroduced inequality relating the dissipation rate to current fluctuations in\njump processes. We then adapt these results to diffusion processes via a\nlimiting procedure, reaffirming that diffusions saturate the inequality.\nFinally, we study the impact of spatial coarse-graining in a two-dimensional\nmodel with driven diffusion. By observing fluctuations in coarse-grained\ncurrents, it is possible to infer a lower bound on the total dissipation rate,\nincluding the dissipation associated with hidden dynamics. The tightness of\nthis bound depends on how well the spatial coarse-graining detects dynamical\nevents that are driven by large thermodynamic forces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Precessing ball solitons as dissipative structures during a phase\n  transition in a ferromagnet: Precessing ball solitons (PBS) in a ferromagnet during the first order phase\ntransition induced by a magnetic field directed along the axis of anisotropy,\nwhile the action of the periodic field perpendicular to the main magnetic\nfield, have been analyzed. Under this condition, the characteristics of arising\nequilibrium PBS's are uniquely determined by the frequency of the periodic\nfield, but the solitons with other frequencies are impossible. It is shown that\nthe equilibrium PBS's are essentially the \"dissipative structures\" that can\narise in a metastable state.",
        "positive": "How to count in hierarchical landscapes: a 'full' solution to mean-field\n  complexity: We derive the general solution for counting the stationary points of\nmean-field complex landscapes. It incorporates Parisi's solution for the ground\nstate, as it should. Using this solution, we count the stationary points of two\nmodels: one with multi-step replica symmetry breaking, and one with full\nreplica symmetry breaking."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-organized random walks and stochastic sandpile: From linear to\n  branched avalanches: In a model of self-organized criticality unstable sites discharge to just one\nof their neighbors. For constant discharge ratio $\\alpha$ and for a certain\nrange of values of the input energy, avalanches are simple branchless P\\'olya\nrandom walks, and their scaling properties can be derived exactly. If $\\alpha$\nfluctuates widely enough, avalanches become branched, due to multiple\ndischarges, and behave like those of the stochastic sandpile. At the threshold\nfor branched behaviour, peculiar scaling and anomalous diffusive transport are\nobserved.",
        "positive": "Kibble Zurek mechanism in rapidly quenched phase transition dynamics: We propose a theory to explain the experimental observed deviation from the\nKibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) scaling in rapidly quenched critical phase\ntransition dynamics. There is a critical quench rate $\\tau_{Q}^{c1}$ above it\nthe KZM scaling begins to appear. Smaller than $\\tau_Q^{c1}$, the defect\ndensity $n$ is a constant independent of the quench rate but depends on the\nfinal temperature $T_f$ as $n \\propto L^d \\epsilon_{T_f} ^{d \\nu}$, the freeze\nout time $\\hat{t}$ admits the scaling law $\\hat{t} \\propto \\epsilon_{T_f}^{-\\nu\nz}$ where $d$ is the spatial dimension, $\\epsilon_{T_f}= (1-T_f/T_c)$ is the\ndimensionless reduced temperature, $L$ is the sample size, $\\nu$ and $z$ are\nspatial and dynamical critical exponents. Quench from $T_c$, the critical rate\nis determined by the final temperature $T_f$ as $\\tau_Q^{c1} \\propto\n\\epsilon_{T_f}^{-(1+z \\nu)} $. All the scaling laws are verified in a rapidly\nquenched superconducting ring via the AdS/CFT correspondence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Non-Mean-Field Behavior of the Contact Process on Scale-Free\n  Networks\": Recently, Castellano and Pastor-Satorras [1] utilized the finite size scaling\n(FSS) theory to analyze simulation data for the contact process (CP) on\nscale-free networks (SFNs) and claimed that its absorbing critical behavior is\nnot consistent with the mean-field (MF) prediction. Furthermore, they pointed\nout large density fluctuations at highly connected vertices as a possible\norigin for non-MF critical behavior. In this Comment, we propose a scaling\ntheory for relative density fluctuations in the spirit of the MF theory, which\nturns out to explain simulation data perfectly well. We also measure the value\nof the critical density decay exponent, which agrees well with the MF\nprediction. Our results strongly support that the CP on SFNs still exhibits a\nMF-type critical behavior.",
        "positive": "Heterogeneous diffusion in comb and fractal grid structures: We give an exact analytical results for diffusion with a power-law position\ndependent diffusion coefficient along the main channel (backbone) on a comb and\ngrid comb structures. For the mean square displacement along the backbone of\nthe comb we obtain behavior $\\langle x^2(t)\\rangle\\sim t^{1/(2-\\alpha)}$, where\n$\\alpha$ is the power-law exponent of the position dependent diffusion\ncoefficient $D(x)\\sim |x|^{\\alpha}$. Depending on the value of $\\alpha$ we\nobserve different regimes, from anomalous subdiffusion, superdiffusion, and\nhyperdiffusion. For the case of the fractal grid we observe the mean square\ndisplacement, which depends on the fractal dimension of the structure of the\nbackbones, i.e., $\\langle x^2(t)\\rangle\\sim t^{(1+\\nu)/(2-\\alpha)}$, where\n$0<\\nu<1$ is the fractal dimension of the backbones structure. The reduced\nprobability distribution functions for both cases are obtained by help of the\nFox $H$-functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-time universality in nonequilibrium CFT: Recently, remarkably simple exact results were presented about the dynamics\nof heat transport in the local Luttinger model for nonequilibrium initial\nstates defined by position-dependent temperature profiles. We present\nmathematical details on how these results were obtained. We also give an\nalternative derivation using only algebraic relations involving the\nenergy-momentum tensor which hold true in any unitary conformal field theory\n(CFT). This establishes a simple universal correspondence between initial\ntemperature profiles and the resulting heat-wave propagation in CFT. We extend\nthese results to larger classes of nonequilibrium states. It is proposed that\nsuch universal CFT relations provide benchmarks to identify nonuniversal\nproperties of nonequilibrium dynamics in other models.",
        "positive": "New critical frontiers for the Potts and percolation models: We obtain the critical threshold for a host of Potts and percolation models\non lattices having a structure which permits a duality consideration. The\nconsideration generalizes the recently obtained thresholds of Scullard and Ziff\nfor bond and site percolation on the martini and related lattices to the Potts\nmodel and to other lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lecture notes on Diagrammatic Monte Carlo for the Fr\u00f6hlich polaron: These notes are intended as a detailed discussion on how to implement the\ndiagrammatic Monte Carlo method for a physical system which is technically\nsimple and where it works extremely well, namely the Fr\\\"ohlich polaron\nproblem. Sampling schemes for the Green function as well as the self-energy in\nthe bare and skeleton (bold) expansion are disclosed in full detail. We discuss\nthe Monte Carlo updates, possible implementations in terms of common data\nstructures, as well as techniques on how to perform the Fourier transforms for\nfunctions with discontinuities. Control over the variety of parameters,\nespecially in the bold scheme, is demonstrated. Sample codes are made available\nonline along with extensive documentation. Towards the end, we discuss various\nextensions of the method and their applications. After working through these\nnotes, the reader will be well equipped to explore the richness of the\ndiagrammatic Monte Carlo method for quantum many-body systems.",
        "positive": "Energy Storage in a Hamiltonian System in Partial Contact with a Heat\n  Bath: To understand the mechanism allowing for the long-term storage of excess\nenergy in proteins, we study a Hamiltonian system consisting of several coupled\npendula in partial contact with a heat bath. It is found that energy storage is\npossible when the motion of each pendulum switches between oscillatory\n(vibrational) and rotational (phase-slip) modes. The storage time increases\nalmost exponentially to the square root of the injected energy. The relevance\nof our mechanism to protein motors is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation Relations For Adiabatic Pumping: We derive an extended fluctuation relation for an open system coupled with\ntwo reservoirs under adiabatic one-cycle modulation. We confirm that the\ngeometric phase caused by the Berry-Sintisyn-Nemenman curvature in the\nparameter space generates non-Gaussian fluctuations. This non-Gaussianity is\nenhanced for the instantaneous fluctuation relation when the bias between the\ntwo reservoirs disappears.",
        "positive": "Statistics of the one-dimensional Riemann walk: The Riemann walk is the lattice version of the Levy flight. For the\none-dimensional Riemann walk of Levy exponent 0<\\alpha<2 we study the\nstatistics of the support, i.e. the set of visited sites, after t steps. We\nconsider a wide class of support related observables M(t), including the number\nS(t) of visited sites and the number I(t) of sequences of visited sites. For\nt->\\infty we obtain the asymptotic power laws for the averages, variances, and\ncorrelations of these observables. Logarithmic correction factors appear for\n\\alpha=2/3 and \\alpha=1. Bulk and surface observables have different power laws\nfor 1\\leq\\alpha<2. Fluctuations are shown to be universal for 2/3\\leq\\alpha<2.\nThis means that in the limit t->\\infty the deviations from average \\DeltaM(t)\nare fully described (i) either by a single M independent stochastic process\n(when 2/3\\leq\\alpha\\leq 1) (ii) or by two such processes, one for the bulk and\none for the surface observables (when 1<\\alpha<2)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization group approach to satisfiability: Satisfiability is a classic problem in computational complexity theory, in\nwhich one wishes to determine whether an assignment of values to a collection\nof Boolean variables exists in which all of a collection of clauses composed of\nlogical OR's of these variables is true. Here, a renormalization group\ntransformation is constructed and used to relate the properties of\nsatisfiability problems with different numbers of variables in each clause. The\ntransformation yields new insight into phase transitions delineating \"hard\" and\n\"easy\" satisfiability problems.",
        "positive": "Vortex loop dynamics and dynamical quantum phase transitions in 3D\n  fermion matter: Over the past decade, dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs) have\nemerged as a paradigm shift in understanding nonequilibrium quantum many-body\nsystems. However, the challenge lies in identifying order parameters that\neffectively characterize the associated dynamic phases. In this study, we\ninvestigate the behavior of vortex singularities in the phase of the Green's\nfunction for a broad class of fermion lattice models in three dimensions after\nan instantaneous quench in both interacting and non-interacting systems. We\nfind that the full set of vortices form one-dimensional dynamical objects,\nwhich we call \\emph{vortex loops}. We propose that the number of such vortex\nloops can be interpreted as a quantized order parameter that distinguishes\nbetween different non-equilibrium phases. Our results establish an explicit\nlink between variations in the order parameter and DQPTs in the non-interacting\nscenario. Moreover, we show that the vortex loops are robust in the weakly\ninteracting case, even though there is no direct relation between the Loschmidt\namplitude and the Green's function. Finally, we observe that vortex loops can\nform complex dynamical patterns in momentum space. Our findings provide\nvaluable insights for developing definitions of dynamical order parameters in\nnon-equilibrium systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Hydrodynamic Boundary Condition for Superfluid Flow: We discuss the hydrodynamic boundary condition for a superfluid moving\ntangentially to a rough surface. Specifically, we argue that the scattering of\nquantum fluctuations off surface roughness affects the nature of the boundary\ncondition, and that this has important consequences including a new theorized\ncritical speed and the presence of normal fluid at any nonzero speed, even if\nthe boundary is held at zero temperature. This hydrodynamic boundary condition\nis relevant not only for superfluid helium experiments but also for experiments\nwith trapped dilute Bose-Einstein condensates, in particular those involving\natomic waveguides near surfaces.",
        "positive": "Event-chain Monte Carlo with factor fields: We study the dynamics of one-dimensional (1D) interacting particles simulated\nwith the event-chain Monte Carlo algorithm (ECMC). We argue that previous\nversions of the algorithm suffer from a mismatch in the factor potential\nbetween different particle pairs (factors) and show that in 1D models, this\nmismatch is overcome by factor fields. ECMC with factor fields is motivated, in\n1D, for the harmonic model, and validated for the Lennard-Jones model as well\nas for hard spheres. In 1D particle systems with short-range interactions,\nautocorrelation times generally scale with the second power of the system size\nfor reversible Monte Carlo dynamics, and with its first power for regular ECMC\nand for molecular-dynamics. We show, using numerical simulations, that they\ngrow only with the square root of the systems size for ECMC with factor fields.\nMixing times, which bound the time to reach equilibrium from an arbitrary\ninitial configuration, grow with the first power of the system size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ratcheting Heat Flux against a Thermal Bias: Merely rocking the temperature in one heat bath can direct a steady heat flux\nfrom cold to hot against a non-zero thermal bias in stylized nonlinear lattice\njunctions that are sandwiched between two heat baths. Likewise, for an average\nzero-temperature difference between the two contacts a net, ratchet-like heat\nflux emerges. Computer simulations show that this very heat flux can be\ncontrolled and reversed by suitably tailoring the frequency ($\\lesssim$ 100\nMHz) of the alternating temperature field.",
        "positive": "The Ising model on a cylinder: universal finite size corrections and\n  diagonalized action: Finite size corrections to the pressure (free energy) of the Ising model on a\n2 dimensional cylinder are calculated and shown to be consistent with the\npredictions of conformal field theory. The exact solution of the model is\nexpressed in terms of the determinant of a block-diagonal matrix."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bounding the coarse graining error in hidden Markov dynamics: Lumping a Markov process introduces a coarser level of description that is\nuseful in many contexts and applications. The dynamics on the coarse grained\nstates is often approximated by its Markovian component. In this letter we\nderive finite-time bounds on the error in this approximation. These results\nhold for non-reversible dynamics and for probabilistic mappings between\nmicroscopic and coarse grained states.",
        "positive": "Fractional Kramers Equation: We introduce a fractional Kramers equation for a particle interacting with a\nthermal heat bath and external non-linear force field. For the force free case\nthe velocity damping follows the Mittag-Leffler relaxation and the diffusion is\nenhanced. The equation obeys the generalized Einstein relation, and its\nstationary solution is the Boltzmann distribution. Our results are compared to\nprevious results on enhanced L\\'evy type of diffusion derived from stochastic\ncollision models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The extraordinary boundary transition in the 3d O(N) model via conformal\n  bootstrap: This paper studies the critical behavior of the 3d classical $\\mathrm{O}(N)$\nmodel with a boundary. Recently, one of us established that upon treating $N$\nas a continuous variable, there exists a critical value $N_c > 2$ such that for\n$2 \\leq N < N_c$ the model exhibits a new extraordinary-log boundary\nuniversality class, if the symmetry preserving interactions on the boundary are\nenhanced. $N_c$ is determined by a ratio of universal amplitudes in the normal\nuniversality class, where instead a symmetry breaking field is applied on the\nboundary. We study the normal universality class using the numerical conformal\nbootstrap. We find truncated solutions to the crossing equation that indicate\n$N_c \\approx 5$. Additionally, we use semi-definite programming to place\nrigorous bounds on the boundary CFT data of interest to conclude that $N_c >\n3$, under a certain positivity assumption which we check in various\nperturbative limits.",
        "positive": "Transient phases in the Vicsek model of flocking: The Vicsek model of flocking is studied by computer simulation. We confined\nour studies here to the morphologies and the lifetimes of transient phases. In\nour simulation, we have identified three distinct transient phases, namely,\nvortex phase, colliding phase and multi-domain phase. The mapping of Vicsek\nmodel to XY model in the $v \\to 0$ limit prompted us to explore the possibility\nof finding any vortex kind of phases in the Vicsek model. We have obtained\nrotating vortex phase and measured the lifetime of this vortex phase. We have\nalso measured the lifetimes of other two transient phases, i.e., colliding\nphase and multi-domain phase. We have measured the integrated lifetime\n($\\tau_t$) of all these transient phases and studied this as function of\ndensity ($\\rho$) and noise ($\\eta$). In the low noise regime, we proposed here\na scaling law $\\tau_t N^{-a} = F(\\rho N^{-b})$ where $F(x)$ is a scaling\nfunction like $F(x) \\sim x^{-s}$. By the method of data collapse, we have\nestimated the exponents as $a=-0.110\\pm0.010$, $b=0.950\\pm0.010$ and\n$s=1.027\\pm0.008$. The integrated lifetime $\\tau$ (defined in the text\ndifferently) was observed to decrease as the noise approaches the critical\nnoise from below. This behaviour is quite unusual and contrary to the critical\nslowing down observed in the case of equilibrium phase transitions. We have\nprovided a possible explanation from the time evolution of the distribution of\nthe directions of velocities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Complexity of Simple 1D Spin Systems: We present exact results for two complementary measures of spatial structure\ngenerated by 1D spin systems with finite-range interactions. The first, excess\nentropy, measures the apparent spatial memory stored in configurations. The\nsecond, statistical complexity, measures the amount of memory needed to\noptimally predict the chain of spin values. These statistics capture distinct\nproperties and are different from existing thermodynamic quantities.",
        "positive": "Ensemble equivalence for distinguishable particles: Statistics of distinguishable particles has become relevant in systems of\ncolloidal particles and in the context of applications of statistical mechanics\nto complex networks. When studying these type of systems with the standard\ntextbook formalism, non-physical results such as non-extensive entropies are\nobtained. In this paper, we will show that the commonly used expression for the\npartition function of a system of distinguishable particles leads to huge\nfluctuations of the number of particles in the grand canonical ensemble and,\nconsequently, to non-equivalence of statistical ensembles. We will see how a\nnew proposed definition for the entropy of distinguishable particles by\nSwendsen [J. Stat. Phys. 107, 1143 (2002)] solves the problem and restores\nensemble equivalence. We also show that the new proposal for the partition\nfunction does not produce any inconsistency for a system of distinguishable\nlocalized particles, where the monoparticular partition function is not\nextensive."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "25th-order high-temperature expansion results for three-dimensional\n  Ising-like systems on the simple cubic lattice: 25th-order high-temperature series are computed for a general\nnearest-neighbor three-dimensional Ising model with arbitrary potential on the\nsimple cubic lattice. In particular, we consider three improved potentials\ncharacterized by suppressed leading scaling corrections. Critical exponents are\nextracted from high-temperature series specialized to improved potentials,\nobtaining $\\gamma=1.2373(2)$, $\\nu=0.63012(16)$, $\\alpha=0.1096(5)$,\n$\\eta=0.03639(15)$, $\\beta=0.32653(10)$, $\\delta=4.7893(8)$. Moreover, biased\nanalyses of the 25th-order series of the standard Ising model provide the\nestimate $\\Delta=0.52(3)$ for the exponent associated with the leading scaling\ncorrections. By the same technique, we study the small-magnetization expansion\nof the Helmholtz free energy. The results are then applied to the construction\nof parametric representations of the critical equation of state, using a\nsystematic approach based on a global stationarity condition. Accurate\nestimates of several universal amplitude ratios are also presented.",
        "positive": "Cooperative Behavior of Kinetically Constrained Lattice Gas Models of\n  Glassy Dynamics: Kinetically constrained lattice models of glasses introduced by Kob and\nAndersen (KA) are analyzed. It is proved that only two behaviors are possible\non hypercubic lattices: either ergodicity at all densities or trivial\nnon-ergodicity, depending on the constraint parameter and the dimensionality.\nBut in the ergodic cases, the dynamics is shown to be intrinsically cooperative\nat high densities giving rise to glassy dynamics as observed in simulations.\nThe cooperativity is characterized by two length scales whose behavior controls\nfinite-size effects: these are essential for interpreting simulations. In\ncontrast to hypercubic lattices, on Bethe lattices KA models undergo a\ndynamical (jamming) phase transition at a critical density: this is\ncharacterized by diverging time and length scales and a discontinuous jump in\nthe long-time limit of the density autocorrelation function. By analyzing\ngeneralized Bethe lattices (with loops) that interpolate between hypercubic\nlattices and standard Bethe lattices, the crossover between the dynamical\ntransition that exists on these lattices and its absence in the hypercubic\nlattice limit is explored. Contact with earlier results are made via analysis\nof the related Fredrickson-Andersen models, followed by brief discussions of\nuniversality, of other approaches to glass transitions, and of some issues\nrelevant for experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Concentration inequalities, dynamical activity, and tradeoff relations: This Letter presents concentration inequalities that provide lower bounds on\nthe probability distributions of observables in quantum and classical Markov\nprocesses. These lower bounds incorporate the dynamical activity, a central\nthermodynamic quantity in tradeoff relations. By combining the obtained\nconcentration inequalities with the Markov inequality, we derive upper bounds\non the expectation value of an observable given its maximum value. Furthermore,\nwe obtain generalized versions of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, where\nthe first and second moments of the original relation are replaced by the\n$p$-norm. These tradeoff relations hold for arbitrary time-independent quantum\nand classical Markov processes, regardless of the initial state. The\nconcentration inequalities derived in this paper lay the foundation for\ndiscovering new tradeoff relations in quantum and classical nonequilibrium\nprocesses.",
        "positive": "Weighted density Lattice Boltzmann approach to fluids under confinement: The Enskog-like kinetic approach, recently introduced by us to study strongly\ninhomogeneous flu- ids, is reconsidered in order to improve the description of\nthe transport coefficients. The approach is based on a separation of the\ninteraction between hydrodynamic and non-hydrodynamic parts. The latter is\ntreated within a simple relaxation approximation. We show that, by considering\nthe non-hydrodynamic part via a weighted density approximation, we obtain a\nbetter prediction of the transport coefficients. By virtue of the simplicity of\nthe kinetic equation we are able to solve numer- ically the phase space\ndistribution in the presence of inhomogeneities, such as confining surfaces,\nvia a Lattice Boltzmann method. Analytical estimates of the importance of these\ncorrections to the transport coefficients in bulk conditions is provided.\nPoiseuille flow of the hard-sphere fluid confined between two parallel smooth\nwalls is studied and their pore-averaged properties are determined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renyi entropy of the totally asymmetric exclusion process: The Renyi entropy is a generalisation of the Shannon entropy that is\nsensitive to the fine details of a probability distribution. We present results\nfor the Renyi entropy of the totally asymmetric exclusion process (TASEP). We\ncalculate explicitly an entropy whereby the squares of configuration\nprobabilities are summed, using the matrix product formalism to map the problem\nto one involving a six direction lattice walk in the upper quarter plane. We\nderive the generating function across the whole phase diagram, using an\nobstinate kernel method. This gives the leading behaviour of the Renyi entropy\nand corrections in all phases of the TASEP. The leading behaviour is given by\nthe result for a Bernoulli measure and we conjecture that this holds for all\nRenyi entropies. Within the maximal current phase the correction to the leading\nbehaviour is logarithmic in the system size. Finally, we remark upon a special\nproperty of equilibrium systems whereby discontinuities in the Renyi entropy\narise away from phase transitions, which we refer to as secondary transitions.\nWe find no such secondary transition for this nonequilibrium system, supporting\nthe notion that these are specific to equilibrium cases.",
        "positive": "Quantum criticality in Ising chains with random hyperuniform couplings: We study quantum phase transitions in transverse-field Ising spin chains in\nwhich the couplings are random but hyperuniform, in the sense that their\nlarge-scale fluctuations are suppressed. We construct a one-parameter family of\ndisorder models in which long-wavelength fluctuations are increasingly\nsuppressed as a parameter $\\alpha$ is tuned. For $\\alpha = 0$, one recovers the\nfamiliar infinite-randomness critical point. For $0 < \\alpha < 1$, we find a\nline of infinite-randomness critical points with continuously varying critical\nexponents; however, the Griffiths phases that flank the critical point at\n$\\alpha = 0$ are absent at any $\\alpha > 0$. When $\\alpha > 1$, randomness is a\ndangerously irrelevant perturbation at the clean Ising critical point, leading\nto a state we call the critical Ising insulator. In this state, thermodynamics\nand equilibrium correlation functions behave as in the clean system. However,\nall finite-energy excitations are localized, thermal transport vanishes, and\nautocorrelation functions remain finite in the long-time limit. We characterize\nthis line of hyperuniform critical points using a combination of perturbation\ntheory, renormalization-group methods, and exact diagonalization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of the Ising model with long range interactions: We present results of a Monte Carlo study for the ferromagnetic Ising model\nwith long range interactions in two dimensions. This model has been simulated\nfor a large range of interaction parameter $\\sigma$ and for large sizes. We\nobserve that the results close to the change of regime from intermediate to\nshort range do not agree with the renormalization group predictions.",
        "positive": "Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage from an atomic to a molecular\n  Bose-Einstein condensate: The process of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) provides a\npossible route for the generation of a coherent molecular Bose-Einstein\ncondensate (BEC) from an atomic BEC. We analyze this process in a\nthree-dimensional mean-field theory, including atom-atom interactions and\nnon-resonant intermediate levels. We find that the process is feasible, but at\nlarger Rabi frequencies than anticipated from a crude single-mode lossless\nanalysis, due to two-photon dephasing caused by the atomic interactions. We\nthen identify optimal strategies in STIRAP allowing one to maintain high\nconversion efficiencies with smaller Rabi frequencies and under experimentally\nless demanding conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic equilibrium and its stability for Microcanonical systems\n  described by the Sharma-Taneja-Mittal entropy: It is generally assumed that the thermodynamic stability of equilibrium state\nis reflected by the concavity of entropy. We inquire, in the microcanonical\npicture, on the validity of this statement for systems described by the\nbi-parametric entropy $S_{_{\\kappa, r}}$ of Sharma-Taneja-Mittal. We analyze\nthe ``composability'' rule for two statistically independent systems, A and B,\ndescribed by the entropy $S_{_{\\kappa, r}}$ with the same set of the deformed\nparameters. It is shown that, in spite of the concavity of the entropy, the\n``composability'' rule modifies the thermodynamic stability conditions of the\nequilibrium state. Depending on the values assumed by the deformed parameters,\nwhen the relation $S_{_{\\kappa, r}}({\\rm A}\\cup{\\rm B})> S_{_{\\kappa, r}}({\\rm\nA})+S_{_{\\kappa, r}}({\\rm B})$ holds (super-additive systems), the concavity\nconditions does imply the thermodynamics stability. Otherwise, when the\nrelation $S_{_{\\kappa, r}}({\\rm A}\\cup{\\rm B})<S_{_{\\kappa, r}}({\\rm\nA})+S_{_{\\kappa, r}}({\\rm B})$ holds (sub-additive systems), the concavity\nconditions does not imply the thermodynamical stability of the equilibrium\nstate.",
        "positive": "Entropy production for partially observed harmonic systems: The probability distribution of the total entropy production in the\nnon-equilibrium steady state follows a symmetry relation called the fluctuation\ntheorem. When a certain part of the system is masked or hidden, it is difficult\nto infer the exact estimate of the total entropy production. Entropy produced\nfrom the observed part of the system shows a significant deviation from the\nsteady state fluctuation theorem. This deviation occurs due to the interaction\nbetween the observed and the masked part of the system. A naive guess would be\nthat the deviation from the steady state fluctuation theorem may disappear in\nthe limit of small interaction between both parts of the system. In contrast,\nwe investigate the entropy production of a particle in a harmonically coupled\nBrownian particle system (say, particle A and B) in a heat reservoir at a\nconstant temperature. The system is maintained in the non-equilibrium steady\nstate using stochastic driving. When the coupling between particle A and B is\ninfinitesimally weak, the deviation from the steady state fluctuation theorem\nfor the entropy production of a partial system of a coupled system is studied.\nFurthermore, we consider a harmonically confined system (i.e., a harmonically\ncoupled system of particle A and B in harmonic confinement). In the weak\ncoupling limit, the entropy produced by the partial system (e.g., particle A)\nof the coupled system in a harmonic trap satisfies the steady state fluctuation\ntheorem. Numerical simulations are performed to support the analytical results.\nPart of these results was announced in a recent letter, Europhys. Lett. 115,\n60003 (2016)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Assortative Exchange Processes: In exchange processes clusters composed of elementary building blocks,\nmonomers, undergo binary exchange in which a monomer is transferred from one\ncluster to another. In assortative exchange only clusters with comparable\nmasses participate in exchange events. We study maximally assortative exchange\nprocesses in which only clusters of equal masses can exchange monomers. A\nmean-field framework based on rate equations is appropriate for spatially\nhomogeneous systems in sufficiently high spatial dimension. For\ndiffusion-controlled exchange processes, the mean-field approach is erroneous\nwhen the spatial dimension is smaller than critical; we analyze such systems\nusing scaling and heuristic arguments. Apart from infinite-cluster systems we\nexplore the fate of finite systems and study maximally assortative exchange\nprocesses driven by a localized input.",
        "positive": "Fingered growth in channel geometry: A Loewner equation approach: A simple model of Laplacian growth is considered, in which the growth takes\nplace only at the tips of long, thin fingers. In a recent paper, Carleson and\nMakarov used the deterministic Loewner equation to describe the evolution of\nsuch a system. We extend their approach to a channel geometry and show that the\npresence of the side walls has a significant influence on the evolution of the\nfingers and the dynamics of the screening process, in which longer fingers\nsuppress the growth of the shorter ones."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reversal symmetries for cyclic paths away from thermodynamic equilibrium: If a system is at thermodynamic equilibrium, an observer cannot tell whether\na film of it is being played forward or in reverse: any transition will occur\nwith the same frequency in the forward as in the reverse direction. However, if\nexpenditure of energy changes the rate of even a single transition to yield a\nnon-equilibrium steady state, such time-reversal symmetry undergoes a\nwidespread breakdown, far beyond the point at which the energy is expended. An\nexplosion of interdependency also arises, with steady-state probabilities of\nsystem states depending in a complicated manner on the rate of every transition\nin the system. Nevertheless, in the midst of this global non-equilibrium\ncomplexity, we find that cyclic paths have reversibility properties that remain\nlocal, and which can exhibit symmetry, no matter how far the system is from\nthermodynamic equilibrium. Specifically, given any cycle of reversible\ntransitions, the ratio of the frequencies with which the cycle is traversed in\none direction versus the other is determined, in the long-time limit, only by\nthe thermodynamic force on the cycle itself, without requiring knowledge of\ntransition rates elsewhere in the system. In particular, if there is no net\nenergy expenditure on the cycle, then, over long times, the cycle traversal\nfrequencies are the same in either direction.",
        "positive": "Analytical results for random walks in the presence of disorder and\n  traps: In this paper, we study the dynamics of a random walker diffusing on a\ndisordered one-dimensional lattice with random trappings. The distribution of\nescape probabilities is computed exactly for any strength of the disorder.\nThese probabilities do not display any multifractal properties contrary to\nprevious numerical claims. The explanation for this apparent multifractal\nbehavior is given, and our conclusion are supported by numerical calculations.\nThese exact results are exploited to compute the large time asymptotics of the\nsurvival probability (or the density) which is found to decay as $\\exp\n[-Ct^{1/3}\\log^{2/3}(t)]$. An exact lower bound for the density is found to\ndecay in a similar way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective exponents near bicritical points: The phase diagram of a system with two order parameters, with ${\\it n_1}$ and\n$n_2$ components, respectively, contains two phases, in which these order\nparameters are non-zero. Experimentally and numerically, these phases are often\nseparated by a first-order \"flop\" line, which ends at a bicritical point. For\n$n=n_1+n_2=3$ and $d=3$ dimensions (relevant e.g. to the uniaxial\nantiferromagnet in a uniform magnetic field), this bicritical point is found to\nexhibit a crossover from the isotropic $n$-component universal critical\nbehavior to a fluctuation-driven first-order transition, asymptotically turning\ninto a triple point. Using a novel expansion of the renormalization group\nrecursion relations near the isotropic fixed point, combined with a resummation\nof the sixth-order diagrammatic expansions of the coefficients in this\nexpansion, we show that the above crossover is slow, explaining the apparently\nobserved second-order transition. However, the effective critical exponents\nnear that transition, which are calculated here, vary strongly as the triple\npoint is approached.",
        "positive": "Jammed systems of oriented dimers always percolate on hypercubic\n  lattices: Random sequential adsorption (RSA) is a standard method of modeling\nadsorption of large molecules at the liquid-solid interface. Here we consider\njammed states of the RSA process of nonoverlapping dimers (objects occupying\ntwo nearest-neighbor lattice sites) in a hypercubic lattice of arbitrary space\ndimension $D \\ge 2$. We show that each dimer in such a state belongs to a\npercolating cluster."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transfer-Matrix Study of Hard-Core Singularity for Hard-Square Lattice\n  Gas: A singularity on the negative fugacity axis of the hard-square lattice gas is\ninvestigated in terms of numerical diagonalization of transfer matrices. The\nlocation of the singular point $z_c^-$ and the critical exponent $\\nu$ are\naccurately determined by the phenomenological renormalization technique as\n-0.11933888188(1) and 0.416667(1), respectively. It is also found that the\ncentral charge $c$ and the dominant scaling dimension $x_\\sigma$ are\n-4.399996(8) and -0.3999996(7), respectively. These results strongly support\nthat this singularity belongs to the same universality class as the Yang-Lee\nedge singularity ($c=-22/5, x_\\sigma=-2/5 and \\nu=5/12$).",
        "positive": "Pi-Josephson Junction and Spontaneous Superflow in Rings from Ultracold\n  Fermionic Atomic Gases: he BCS-like pairing in ultracold fermionic atomic ($UCFAG$) gases is studied\nin the model of \"isotopic-spin\" pairing proposed in 1991 \\cite% {Ku-Hof-SSC}.\nThis model assumes a mismatch ($\\delta $) in chemical potentials of pairing\nfermionic atoms. It is shown that a $\\pi $-Josephson junction can be realized\nin $UCFAG$ systems, where the left and right banks $% S$ are the $UCFAG$\nsuperfluids. The weak link $M$ consists from the normal $% UCFAG$ with the\nfinite mismatch $\\delta $. If the $\\pi $-junction is a part of a closed ring\nthe superfluid mass-current flows spontaneously in the ring, i.e., the\ntime-reversal symmetry is broken spontaneously. This is realized if the radius\nof the ring $R$ is larger than the critical one $% R_{c} $. All these effects\nexist also in the case when $\\delta \\gg \\Delta $, where $\\Delta $ is the\nsuperfluid gap, but with the reduced thickness of the weak link. It is also\ndiscussed, that if junctions $SM_{1}M_{2}S$ and trilayers $% M_{1}SM_{2}$ from\n$UCFAG$ are realizable this renders a possibility for a novel electronics -\n\\textit{hypertronics}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Measurability of nonequilibrium thermodynamics in terms of the\n  Hamiltonian of mean force: The nonequilibrium thermodynamics of an open (classical or quantum) system in\nstrong contact with a single heat bath can be conveniently described in terms\nof the Hamiltonian of mean force. However, the conventional formulation is\nlimited by the necessity to measure differences in equilibrium properties of\nthe system-bath composite. We make use of the freedom involved in defining\nthermodynamic quantities, which leaves the thermodynamics unchanged, to show\nthat the Hamiltonian of mean force can be inferred from measurements on the\nsystem alone, up to that irrelevant freedom. In doing so, we refute a key\ncriticism expressed in Phys. Rev. E 94, 022143 and arXiv:1911.11660. We also\ndiscuss the remaining part of the criticism.",
        "positive": "Eigenstate Thermalization in Systems with Spontaneously Broken Symmetry: A strongly non-integrable system is expected to satisfy the eigenstate\nthermalization hypothesis, which states that the expectation value of an\nobservable in an energy eigenstate is the same as the thermal value. This must\nbe revised if the observable is an order parameter for a spontaneously broken\nsymmetry, which has multiple thermal values. We propose that in this case the\nsystem is unstable towards forming nearby eigenstates which yield each of the\nallowed thermal values. We provide strong evidence for this from a numerical\nstudy of the 2D transverse-field quantum Ising model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Freezing density scaling of fluid transport properties: Application to\n  liquefied noble gases: A freezing density scaling of transport properties of the Lennard-Jones fluid\nis rationalized in terms of the Rosenfeld's excess entropy scaling and isomorph\ntheory of Roskilde-simple systems. Then, it is demonstrated that the freezing\ndensity scaling operates reasonably well for viscosity and thermal conductivity\ncoefficients of liquid argon, krypton, and xenon. Quasi-universality of the\nreduced transport coefficients at their minima and at freezing conditions is\ndiscussed. The magnitude of the thermal conductivity coefficient at the\nfreezing point is shown to agree remarkably well with the prediction of the\nvibrational model of heat transfer in dense fluids.",
        "positive": "Continuum percolation of overlapping discs with a distribution of radii\n  having a power-law tail: We study continuum percolation problem of overlapping discs with a\ndistribution of radii having a power-law tail; the probability that a given\ndisc has a radius between $R$ and $R+dR$ is proportional to $R^{-(a+1)}$, where\n$a > 2$. We show that in the low-density non-percolating phase, the two-point\nfunction shows a power law decay with distance, even at arbitrarily low\ndensities of the discs, unlike the exponential decay in the usual percolation\nproblem. As in the problem of fluids with long-range interaction, we argue that\nin our problem, the critical exponents take their short range values for $a > 3\n- \\eta_{sr}$ whereas they depend on $a$ for $a < 3-\\eta_{sr}$ where $\\eta_{sr}$\nis the anomalous dimension for the usual percolation problem. The mean-field\nregime obtained in the fluid problem corresponds to the fully covered regime,\n$a \\leq 2$, in the percolation problem. We propose an approximate\nrenormalization scheme to determine the correlation length exponent $\\nu$ and\nthe percolation threshold. We carry out Monte-Carlo simulations and determine\nthe exponent $\\nu$ as a function of $a$. The determined values of $\\nu$ show\nthat it is independent of the parameter $a$ for $a>3 - \\eta_{sr}$ and is equal\nto that for the lattice percolation problem, whereas $\\nu$ varies with $a$ for\n$2<a<3 - \\eta_{sr}$. We also determine the percolation threshold of the system\nas a function of the parameter $a$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipative homogeneous Maxwell mixtures: ordering transition in the\n  tracer limit: The homogeneous Boltzmann equation for inelastic Maxwell mixtures is\nconsidered to study the dynamics of tracer particles or impurities (solvent)\nimmersed in a uniform granular gas (solute). The analysis is based on exact\nresults derived for a granular binary mixture in the homogeneous cooling state\n(HCS) that apply for arbitrary values of the parameters of the mixture\n(particle masses $m_i$, mole fractions $c_i$, and coefficients of restitution\n$\\alpha_{ij}$). In the tracer limit ($c_1\\to 0$), it is shown that the HCS\nsupports two distinct phases that are evidenced by the corresponding value of\n$E_1/E$, the relative contribution of the tracer species to the total energy.\nDefining the mass ratio $\\mu = m_1/m_2$, there indeed exist two critical values\n$\\mu_\\text{HCS}^{(-)}$ and $\\mu_\\text{HCS}^{(+)}$ (which depend on the\ncoefficients of restitution), such that $E_1/E=0$ for\n$\\mu_\\text{HCS}^{(-)}<\\mu<\\mu_\\text{HCS}^{(+)}$ (disordered or normal phase),\nwhile $E_1/E\\neq 0$ for $\\mu<\\mu_\\text{HCS}^{(-)}$ and/or\n$\\mu>\\mu_\\text{HCS}^{(+)}$ (ordered phase).",
        "positive": "Equilibrium Free Energies from Nonequilibrium Processes: A recent result, relating the (irreversible) work performed on a system\nduring a non-quasistatic process, to the Helmholtz free energy difference\nbetween two equilibrium states of the system, is discussed. A proof of this\nresult is given for the special case when the evolution of the system in\nquestion is modelled by a Langevin equation in configuration space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Three distinct types of quantum phase transitions in a (2+1)-dimensional\n  array of dissipative Josephson junctions: We have performed large-scale Monte Carlo simulations on a model describing a\n(2+1)-dimensional array of dissipative Josephson junctions. We find three\ndistinct stable quantum phases of the system. The most ordered state features\nlong-range spatial ordering in the phase $\\theta$ of the superconducting order\nparameter, but temporal ordering only in spatial gradients $\\Delta \\theta$, not\nin $\\theta$. Significantly, the most ordered state therefore does not have 3D\nXY ordering. Rather, it features 2D spin waves coexisting with temporally\ndisordered phases $\\theta$. There is also an intermediate phase featuring\nquasi-long-range spatial order in $\\theta$ coexisting with a gas of instantons\nin $\\Delta \\theta$. We briefly discuss possible experimental signatures of such\na state, which may be viewed as a local metal and a global superconductor. The\nmost disordered state has phase disorder in all spatio-temporal directions, and\nmay be characterized as a gas of proliferated vortices coexisting with a gas of\n$\\Delta \\theta$-instantons. The phase transitions between these phases are\ndiscussed. The transition from the most ordered state to the intermediate state\nis driven by proliferation of instantons in $\\Delta \\theta$. The transition\nfrom the intermediate state to the most disordered state is driven by the\nproliferation of spatial point vortices in the background of a proliferated\n$\\Delta \\theta$-instanton gas, and constitutes a\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition. The model also features a\ndirect phase transition from the most ordered state to the most disordered\nstate, and this transition is neither in the 2D XY nor in the 3D XY\nuniversality class. It comes about via a simultaneous proliferation of point\nvortices in two spatial dimensions and $\\Delta \\theta$-instantons, with a\ncomplicated interplay between them.",
        "positive": "Quantum Weak Turbulence: The study of the phenomenon of quantum weak turbulence is extended by\ndetermining the quasiparticle spectrum associated with such a system using a\n  Green's function approach. The quasiparticle spectrum calculated establishes\nthe dissipative regime and the inertial regime, hence a Kolmogorov type of\npicture."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stiffening or softening of elastic media: Anomalous elasticity near\n  phase transitions: We present the general theory of Ising transitions in isotropic elastic media\nwith vanishing thermal expansion. By constructing a minimal model with\nappropriate spin-lattice couplings, we show that in two dimensions near a\ncontinuous transition the elasticity is anomalous in unusual ways: the system\neither significantly stiffens with a hitherto unknown unique positional order\nlogarithmically stronger than quasi-long range order, or, as the\ninversion-asymmetry of the order parameter in its coupling with strain\nincreases, it destabilizes when system size $L$ exceeds a finite threshold. At\nthree dimensions, stronger inversion-asymmetric couplings induce instability to\nthe long-range positional order for all $L$. Sufficiently strong order\nparameter-displacement couplings can also turn the phase transition first order\nat all dimensions, concomitant with finite jumps in the elastic modulii across\nthe transition. Our theory establishes a {\\em one-to-one correspondence}\nbetween the order of the phase transitions and anomalous elasticity near the\ntransitions.",
        "positive": "Scaling properties of pyrex and silicon surfaces blasted with sharp\n  particles: The blasting of brittle materials with sharp particles is an important\nfabrication technology in many industrial processes. In particular, for\nmicro-systems, it allows the production of devices with feature sizes down to\nfew tens of microns. An important parameter of this process is the surface\nroughness of post-blasted surfaces. In this work the scaling properties of\nPyrex glass and silicon surfaces after bombardment with alumina particles is\ninvestigated. The targets were bombarded at normal incidence using alumina\nparticles with two different average sizes, $29\\mu m$ and $9\\mu m$,\nrespectively. This investigation indicates that the resulting surfaces have\nmultifractal properties. Applying multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis\n(MFDFA) allowed us to determine the singularity spectrum of the surfaces. This\nspectrum did not depend on the target material or on the size of the particles.\nSeveral parameters quantifying relevant quantities were determined. We argue\nthat for scales below $5 \\mu m$, fracture processes are dominant while at large\nscales long range correlations are responsible for the multifractal behaviour."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "SLE in self-dual critical Z(N) spin systems: CFT predictions: The Schramm-Loewner evolution (SLE) describes the continuum limit of domain\nwalls at phase transitions in two dimensional statistical systems. We consider\nhere the SLEs in the self-dual Z(N) spin models at the critical point. For N=2\nand N=3 these models correspond to the Ising and three-state Potts model. For\nN>5 the critical self-dual Z(N) spin models are described in the continuum\nlimit by non-minimal conformal field theories with central charge c>=1. By\nstudying the representations of the corresponding chiral algebra, we show that\ntwo particular operators satisfy a two level null vector condition which, for\nN>=4, presents an additional term coming from the extra symmetry currents\naction. For N=2,3 these operators correspond to the boundary conditions\nchanging operators associated to the SLE_{16/3} (Ising model) and to the\nSLE_{24/5} and SLE_{10/3} (three-state Potts model). We suggest a definition of\nthe interfaces within the Z(N) lattice models. The scaling limit of these\ninterfaces is expected to be described at the self-dual critical point and for\nN>=4 by the SLE_{4(N+1)/(N+2)} and SLE_{4(N+2)/(N+1)} processes.",
        "positive": "Towards a unification of HRT and SCOZA: The Hierarchical Reference Theory (HRT) and the Self-Consistent\nOrnstein-Zernike Approximation (SCOZA) are two liquid state theories that both\nfurnish a largely satisfactory description of the critical region as well as\nphase separation and the equation of state in general. Furthermore, there are a\nnumber of similarities that suggest the possibility of a unification of both\ntheories. As a first step towards this goal we consider the problem of\ncombining the lowest order gamma expansion result for the incorporation of a\nFourier component of the interaction with the requirement of consistency\nbetween internal and free energies, leaving aside the compressibility relation.\nFor simplicity we restrict ourselves to a simplified lattice gas that is\nexpected to display the same qualitative behavior as more elaborate models. It\nturns out that the analytically tractable Mean Spherical Approximation is a\nsolution to this problem, as are several of its generalizations. Analysis of\nthe characteristic equations shows the potential for a practical scheme and\nyields necessary conditions any closure to the Ornstein Zernike relation must\nfulfill for the consistency problem to be well posed and to have a unique\ndifferentiable solution. These criteria are expected to remain valid for more\ngeneral discrete and continuous systems, even if consistency with the\ncompressibility route is also enforced where possible explicit solutions will\nrequire numerical evaluations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inexistence of equilibrium states at absolute negative temperatures: We show that states of macroscopic systems with purported absolute negative\ntemperatures are not stable under small, yet arbitrary, perturbations. We prove\nthe previous statement using the fact that, in equilibrium, the entropy takes\nits maximum value. We discuss that, while Ramsey theoretical reformulation of\nthe Second Law for systems with negative temperatures is logically correct, it\nmust be a priori assumed that those states are in thermodynamic equilibrium.\nSince we argue that those states cannot occur, reversible processes are\nimpossible and, thus, Ramsey identification of negative absolute temperatures\nis untenable.",
        "positive": "Percolation through Voids around Randomly Oriented Faceted Inclusions: We give a geometrically exact treatment of percolation through voids around\nassemblies of randomly placed impermeable barrier particles, introducing a\ncomputationally inexpensive approach to finding critical barrier density\nthresholds marking the transition from bulk permeability to configurations\nwhich do not support fluid or charge transport in the thermodynamic limit. We\nimplement a dynamic exploration technique which accurately determines the\npercolation threshold, which we validate for the case of randomly placed\nspheres. We find the threshold densities for randomly oriented hemispherical\nfragments and tablets with flat and curved surfaces derived from a sphere\ntruncated above and below its equator. To incorporate an orientational bias, we\nconsider barrier particles with dipole moments along the symmetry axis; the\nextent of the alignment is then tuned with uniform electric fields of varying\nstrengths. The latter compete with thermal fluctuations which would eliminate\norientational bias in the absence of an applied field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic dependence of nonequilibrium work limits the validity of the\n  Jarzynski Equality: The Jarzynski equality (JE) is analyzed in regard to its validity for both\nquasi-static transformations in the thermodynamic limit and Hamiltonian\nevolutions of the work protocol. In the first case, we show that the JE holds\nfor isothermal transformations only; in the second case, we show that the work\ndone (linked to the final state Hamiltonian) depends on the temporal dynamics\nof the work protocol (including its speed), thus precluding the possibility of\nidentifying it with the free energy or any other thermodynamic state function.\nEven in the case of thermodynamic limit and infinitesimally slow\ntransformations of the Hamiltonian (adiabatic invariance) following states of\nthermodynamic equilibrium, the resulting work expression does not default to\nthe JE, but to the work relation for adiabatic thermodynamic transformations,\nW=Delta U, where W is work and U is internal energy.",
        "positive": "Poisson-process limit-laws yield Gumbel Max-Min and Min-Max: \"A chain is only as strong as its weakest link\" says the proverb. But what\nabout a collection of statistically identical chains: How long till all chains\nfail? The answer to this question is given by the Max-Min of a matrix whose\n$\\left(i,j\\right)$ entry is the failure time of link $j$ of chain $i$: take the\nminimum of each row, and then the maximum of the rows' minima. The\ncorresponding Min-Max is obtained by taking the maximum of each column, and\nthen the minimum of the columns' maxima. The Min-Max applies to the storage of\ncritical data. Indeed, consider multiple backup copies of a set of critical\ndata items, and consider the $\\left(i,j\\right)$ matrix entry to be the time at\nwhich item $j$ on copy $i$ is lost; then, the Min-Max is the time at which the\nfirst critical data item is lost. In this paper, we address random matrices\nwhose entries are independent and identically distributed random variables. We\nestablish Poisson-process limit-laws for the row's minima and for the columns'\nmaxima. Then, we further establish Gumbel limit-laws for the Max-Min and for\nthe Min-Max. The limit-laws hold whenever the entries' distribution has a\ndensity, and the Gumbel limit-laws yield highly applicable approximation tools\nand design tools for large random matrices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic equations generating continuous multiplicative cascades: Discrete multiplicative turbulent cascades are described using a formalism\ninvolving infinitely divisible random measures. This permits to consider the\ncontinuous limit of a cascade developed on a continuum of scales, and to\nprovide the stochastic equations defining such processes, involving infinitely\ndivisible stochastic integrals. Causal evolution laws are also given. This\ngives the first general stochastic equations which generate continuous\nmultifractal measures or processes.",
        "positive": "Pandemic Spread in Communities via Random Graphs: Working in the multi-type Galton-Watson branching-process framework we\nanalyse the spread of a pandemic via a general multi-type random contact graph.\nOur model consists of several communities, and takes, as input, parameters that\noutline the contacts between individuals in distinct communities. Given these\nparameters, we determine whether there will be an outbreak and if yes, we\ncalculate the size of the giant connected component of the graph, thereby,\ndetermining the fraction of the population of each type that would be infected\nbefore it ends. We show that the pandemic spread has a natural evolution\ndirection given by the Perron-Frobenius eigenvector of a matrix whose entries\nencode the average number of individuals of one type expected to be infected by\nan individual of another type. The corresponding eigenvalue is the basic\nreproduction number of the pandemic. We perform numerical simulations that\ncompare homogeneous and heterogeneous spread graphs and quantify the difference\nbetween them. We elaborate on the difference between herd immunity and the end\nof the pandemic and the effect of countermeasures on the fraction of infected\npopulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Study of energy transfer in helium atom scattering from surfaces: Recently developed quantum mechanical theory of inelastic He atom scattering\n(HAS) from solid surfaces is employed to analyze the energy transfer between\nprojectile particles (thermal energy He-atoms) and vibrational degrees of\nfreedom (phonons) characteristic of a variety of experimentally studied\nsurfaces. We have first calculated the angular resolved energy transfer which\ncan be directly compared with the values deducible from the HAS time-of-flight\nspectra and a good agreement with experimental data has been found. This\nenabled us to calculate the total or angular integrated energy transfer, which\nis of paramount importance in the studies of gas-surface scattering, but is\nneither accessible in HAS (which yields only the angular resolved quantities),\nnor in the wind tunnel measurements for surfaces whose atomic composition and\ncleanliness must be maintained during the experiment. Here we present the\nresults for prototype collision systems of this kind, viz. He => Cu(001), He =>\nXe/Cu(111) and He => Xe(111) which are representative of the very different\ntypes of surface vibrational dynamics and thereby provide an insight into some\ncommon properties of energy transfer in gas-surface scattering.",
        "positive": "Extreme fluctuations of active Brownian motion: In active Brownian motion, an internal propulsion mechanism interacts with\ntranslational and rotational thermal noise and other internal fluctuations to\nproduce directed motion. We derive the distribution of its extreme fluctuations\nand identify its universal properties using large deviation theory. The limits\nof slow and fast internal dynamics give rise to a kink-like and parabolic\nbehavior of the corresponding rate functions, respectively. For dipolar Janus\nparticles in two and three dimensions interacting with a field, we predict a\nnovel symmetry akin to, but different from, the one related to entropy\nproduction. Measurements of these extreme fluctuations could thus be used to\ninfer properties of the underlying, often hidden, network of states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sand as Maxwell's demon: We consider a dilute gas of granular material inside a box, kept in a\nstationary state by shaking. A wall separates the box into two identical\ncompartments, save for a small hole at some finite height $h$. As the gas is\ncooled, a second order phase transition occurs, in which the particles\npreferentially occupy one side of the box. We develop a quantitative theory of\nthis clustering phenomenon and find good agreement with numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Theory of Specific Heat in Glass Forming Systems: Experimental measurements of the specific heat in glass-forming systems\nreveal anomalies in the temperature dependence of the specific heat, including\nthe so called \"specific heat peak\" in the vicinity of the glass transition. The\naim of this paper is to provide theoretical explanations of these anomalies in\ngeneral and a quantitative theory in the case of a simple model of\nglass-formation. We first present new simulation results for the specific heat\nin a classical model of a binary mixture. We show that in addition to the\nformerly observed specific heat peak there is a second peak at lower\ntemperatures which was not observable in earlier simulations. Second, we\npresent a general relation between the specific heat and the bulk modulus and\nthus offer a smooth connection between the liquid and amorphous solid states.\nThe central result of this paper is a connection between the micro-melting of\nclusters in the system and the appearance of specific heat peaks. We relate the\ntwo peaks to changes in the bulk and shear moduli. We propose that the\nphenomenon of glass-formation is accompanied by a fast change in the bulk and\nthe shear moduli, but these fast changes occur in different ranges of the\ntemperature. Lastly, we demonstrate how to construct a theory of the frequency\ndependent complex specific heat, expected from heterogeneous clustering in the\nliquid state of glass formers. A specific example is provided in the context of\nour model for the dynamics of glycerol. The theoretical frequency dependent\nspecific heat agrees well with experimental measurements on glycerol. We\nconclude the paper by stating that there is nothing universal about the\ntemperature dependence of the specific heat in glass formers - unfortunately\none needs to understand each case by itself."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A momentum conserving model with anomalous thermal conductivity in low\n  dimension: Anomalous large thermal conductivity has been observed numerically and\nexperimentally in one and two dimensional systems. All explicitly solvable\nmicroscopic models proposed to date did not explain this phenomenon and there\nis an open debate about the role of conservation of momentum. We introduce a\nmodel whose thermal conductivity diverges in dimension 1 and 2 if momentum is\nconserved, while it remains finite in dimension $d\\ge 3$. We consider a system\nof harmonic oscillators perturbed by a non-linear stochastic dynamics\nconserving momentum and energy. We compute explicitly the time correlation\nfunction of the energy current $C\\_J(t)$, and we find that it behaves, for\nlarge time, like $t^{-d/2}$ in the unpinned cases, and like $t^{-d/2-1}$ when\nan on site harmonic potential is present. Consequently thermal conductivity is\nfinite if $d\\ge 3$ or if an on-site potential is present, while it is infinite\nin the other cases. This result clarifies the role of conservation of momentum\nin the anomalous thermal conductivity in low dimensions.",
        "positive": "Extreme values and fat tails of multifractal fluctuations: In this paper we discuss the problem of the estimation of extreme event\noccurrence probability for data drawn from some multifractal process. We also\nstudy the heavy (power-law) tail behavior of probability density function\nassociated with such data. We show that because of strong correlations,\nstandard extreme value approach is not valid and classical tail exponent\nestimators should be interpreted cautiously. Extreme statistics associated with\nmultifractal random processes turn out to be characterized by non\nself-averaging properties. Our considerations rely upon some analogy between\nrandom multiplicative cascades and the physics of disordered systems and also\non recent mathematical results about the so-called multifractal formalism.\nApplied to financial time series, our findings allow us to propose an unified\nframemork that accounts for the observed multiscaling properties of return\nfluctuations, the volatility clustering phenomenon and the observed ``inverse\ncubic law'' of the return pdf tails."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical Study on a Crossing Probability for the Four-State Potts\n  Model: Logarithmic Correction to the Finite-Size Scaling: A crossing probability for the critical four-state Potts model on an $L\\times\nM$ rectangle on a square lattice is numerically studied. The crossing\nprobability here denotes the probability that spin clusters cross from one side\nof the boundary to the other. First, by employing a Monte Carlo method, we\ncalculate the fractal dimension of a spin cluster interface with a fluctuating\nboundary condition. By comparison of the fractal dimension with that of the\nSchramm-Loewner evolution (SLE), we numerically confirm that the interface can\nbe described by the SLE with $\\kappa=4$, as predicted in the scaling limit.\nThen, we compute the crossing probability of this spin cluster interface for\nvarious system sizes and aspect ratios. Furthermore, comparing with the\nanalytical results for the scaling limit, which have been previously obtained\nby a combination of the SLE and conformal field theory, we numerically find\nthat the crossing probability exhibits a logarithmic correction $\\sim 1/\\log(L\nM)$ to the finite-size scaling.",
        "positive": "Stationary ordered non-equilibrium states of long-range interacting\n  systems: Long-range interacting Hamiltonian systems are believed to relax generically\ntowards non-equilibrium states called \"quasi-stationary\" because they evolve\ntowards thermodynamic equilibrium very slowly, on a time-scale diverging with\nparticle number. We show here that, by applying a suitable perturbation\noperator for a finite time interval, we obtain, in a family of long-range\nsystems, non-equilibrium states which appear to be strictly stationary. They\nexist even in the case of a harmonic potential, and are characterised by an\nordered microscopic phase space structure. We give some simple heuristic\narguments which predict reasonably well some properties of these states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field Theoretical Approach to Bicritical and Tetracritical Behavior:\n  Static and Dynamics: We discuss the static and dynamic multicritical behavior of three-dimensional\nsystems of $O(n_\\|)\\oplus O(n_\\perp)$ symmetry as it is explained by the field\ntheoretical renormalization group method. Whereas the static renormalization\ngroup functions are currently know within high order expansions, we show that\nan account of two loop contributions refined by an appropriate resummation\ntechnique gives an accurate quantitative description of the multicritical\nbehavior. One of the essential features of the static multicritical behavior\nobtained already in two loop order for the interesting case of an\nantiferromagnet in a magnetic field ($n_\\|=1$, $n_\\perp=2$) are the stability\nof the biconical fixed point and the neighborhood of the stability border lines\nto the other fixed points leading to very small transient exponents. We further\npursue an analysis of dynamical multicritical behavior choosing different forms\nof critical dynamics and calculating asymptotic and effective dynamical\nexponents within the minimal subtraction scheme.",
        "positive": "Non-extensive diffusion entropy analysis: non-stationarity in teen birth\n  phenomena: A complex process is often a balance between non-stationary and stationary\ncomponents. We show how the non-extensive Tsallis q-entropy indicator may be\ninterpreted as a measure of non-stationarity in time series. This is done by\napplying the non-extensive entropy formalism to the Diffusion Entropy Analysis\n(DEA). We apply the analysis to the study of the teen birth phenomenon. We find\nthat the unmarried teen births are strongly influenced by social processes with\nmemory. This memory is related to the strength of the non-stationary component\nof the signal and is more intense than that in the married teen time series. By\nusing the wavelet multiresolution analysis we attempt to give a social\ninterpretation of this effect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Many-body localization with mobility edges: We construct a solvable spin chain model of many-body localization (MBL) with\na tunable mobility edge. This simple model not only demonstrates analytically\nthe existence of mobility edges in interacting one-dimensional (1D) disordered\nsystems, but also allows us to study their physics. By establishing a\nconnection between MBL and a quantum central limit theorem (QCLT), we show that\nmany-body localization-delocalization transitions can be visualized as tuning a\nmobility edge in the energy spectrum. Since the effective disorder strength for\nindividual eigenstates depends on energy density, we identify \"energy-resolved\ndisorder strength\" as a physical mechanism for the appearance of mobility\nedges, and support the universality of this mechanism by arguing its presence\nin a large class of models including the random-field Heisenberg chain. We also\nconstruct models with multiple mobility edges. All our constructions can be\nmade translationally invariant.",
        "positive": "The Local Potential Approach to frustrated antiferromagnets: We revisit the critical behavior of classical frustrated systems using the\nnonperturbative renormalization group (NPRG) equation. Our study is performed\nwithin the local potential approximation of this equation to which is added the\nflow of the field renormalization. Our flow equations are functional to avoid\npossible artifacts coming from field expansions which consists in keeping only\na limited number of coupling constants. We present a simple numerical method to\nfollow the fixed point solution of our equations by changing gradually the\ndimension d and the number N of spin-components. We explain in details the\nadvantage of this method as well as the numerical difficulties we encounter,\nwhich become severe close to d = 2. The function N_c(d) separating the regions\nof first and second order in the (d,N) plane is computed for d between 4 and\n2.2. Our results confirm what was previously found within cruder approximation\nof the NPRG equation and contradict both the fixed dimension perturbative\napproach and the results obtained within the conformal bootstrap approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equation of state of a cell fluid model with allowance for Gaussian\n  fluctuations of the order parameter: The paper is devoted to the development of a microscopic description of the\ncritical behavior of a cell fluid model with allowance for the contributions\nfrom collective variables with nonzero values of the wave vector. The\nmathematical description is performed in the supercritical temperature range\n($T>T_c$) in the case of a modified Morse potential with additional repulsive\ninteraction. The method, developed here for constructing the equation of state\nof the system by using the Gaussian distribution of the order parameter\nfluctuations, is valid beyond the immediate vicinity of the critical point for\na wide range of density and temperature. The pressure of the system as a\nfunction of chemical potential and density is plotted for various fixed values\nof the relative temperature, both with and without considering the\nabove-mentioned contributions. Compared with the results of the zero-mode\napproximation, the insignificant role of these contributions is indicated for\ntemperatures $T>T_c$. At $T<T_c$, they are more significant.",
        "positive": "On Lattice Gas Models For Disordered Systems: We consider a Lattice Gas model in which the sites interact via\ninfinite-ranged random couplings independently distributed with a Gaussian\nprobability density. This is the Lattice Gas analogue of the well known\nSherrington-Kirkpatrick Ising Spin Glass. We present results of replica\napproach in the Replica Symmetric approximation. Even with zero-mean of the\ncouplings a line of first order liquid-gas transitions occurs. Replica Symmetry\nBreaking should give up to a glassy transition inside the liquid phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tensor-network algorithm for nonequilibrium relaxation in the\n  thermodynamic limit: We propose a tensor-network algorithm for discrete-time stochastic dynamics\nof a homogeneous system in the thermodynamic limit. We map a $d$-dimensional\nnonequilibrium Markov process to a $(d+1)$-dimensional infinite tensor network\nby using a higher-order singular-value decomposition. As an application of the\nalgorithm, we compute the nonequilibrium relaxation from a fully magnetized\nstate to equilibrium of the one- and two- dimensional Ising models with\nperiodic boundary conditions. Utilizing the translational invariance of the\nsystems, we analyze the behavior in the thermodynamic limit directly. We\nestimated the dynamical critical exponent $z=2.16(5)$ for the two-dimensional\nIsing model. Our approach fits well with the framework of the\nnonequilibrium-relaxation method. Our algorithm can compute time evolution of\nthe magnetization of a large system precisely for a relatively short period. In\nthe nonequilibrium-relaxation method, on the other hand, one needs to simulate\ndynamics of a large system for a short time. The combination of the two\nprovides a new approach to the study of critical phenomena.",
        "positive": "Invasive Allele Spread under Preemptive Competition: We study a discrete spatial model for invasive allele spread in which two\nalleles compete preemptively, initially only the \"residents\" (weaker\ncompetitors) being present. We find that the spread of the advantageous\nmutation is well described by homogeneous nucleation; in particular, in large\nsystems the time-dependent global density of the resident allele is well\napproximated by Avrami's law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stretched exponential relaxation for growing interfaces in quenched\n  disordered media: We study the relaxation for growing interfaces in quenched disordered media.\nWe use a directed percolation depinning model introduced by Tang and Leschhorn\nfor 1+1-dimensions. We define the two-time autocorrelation function of the\ninterface height C(t',t) and its Fourier transform. These functions depend on\nthe difference of times t-t' for long enough times, this is the steady-state\nregime. We find a two-step relaxation decay in this regime. The long time tail\ncan be fitted by a stretched exponential relaxation function. The relaxation\ntime is proportional to the characteristic distance of the clusters of pinning\ncells in the direction parallel to the interface and it diverges as a power\nlaw. The two-step relaxation is lost at a given wave length of the Fourier\ntransform, which is proportional to the characteristic distance of the clusters\nof pinning cells in the direction perpendicular to the interface. The stretched\nexponential relaxation is caused by the existence of clusters of pinning cells\nand it is a direct consequence of the quenched noise.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium wetting transitions with short range forces: We analyze within mean-field theory as well as numerically a KPZ equation\nthat describes nonequilibrium wetting. Both complete and critical wettitng\ntransitions were found and characterized in detail. For one-dimensional\nsubstrates the critical wetting temperature is depressed by fluctuations. In\naddition, we have investigated a region in the space of parameters (temperature\nand chemical potential) where the wet and nonwet phases coexist. Finite-size\nscaling analysis of the interfacial detaching times indicates that the finite\ncoexistence region survives in the thermodynamic limit. Within this region we\nhave observed (stable or very long-lived) structures related to spatio-temporal\nintermittency in other systems. In the interfacial representation these\nstructures exhibit perfect triangular (pyramidal) patterns in one (two\ndimensions), that are characterized by their slope and size distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discrete-time random walks and L\u00e9vy flights on arbitrary networks:\n  when resetting becomes advantageous?: The spectral theory of random walks on networks of arbitrary topology can be\nreadily extended to study random walks and L\\'evy flights subject to resetting\non these structures. When a discrete-time process is stochastically brought\nback from time to time to its starting node, the mean search time needed to\nreach another node of the network may be significantly decreased. In other\ncases, however, resetting is detrimental to search. Using the eigenvalues and\neigenvectors of the transition matrix defining the process without resetting,\nwe derive a general criterion for finite networks that establishes when there\nexists a non-zero resetting probability that minimizes the mean first passage\ntime at a target node. Right at optimality, the coefficient of variation of the\nfirst passage time is not unity, unlike in continuous time processes with\ninstantaneous resetting, but above 1 and depends on the minimal mean first\npassage time. The approach is general and applicable to the study of different\ndiscrete-time ergodic Markov processes such as L\\'evy flights, where the\nlong-range dynamics is introduced in terms of the fractional Laplacian of the\ngraph. We apply these results to the study of optimal transport on rings and\nCayley trees.",
        "positive": "Power-law tail distributions and nonergodicity: We establish an explicit correspondence between ergodicity breaking in a\nsystem described by power-law tail distributions and the divergence of the\nmoments of these distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A combinatorial solution for the current fluctuations in the exclusion\n  process: We conjecture an exact expression for the large deviation function of the\nstationary state current in the partially asymmetric exclusion process with\nperiodic boundary conditions. This expression is checked for small systems\nusing functional Bethe Ansatz. It generalizes a previous result by Derrida and\nLebowitz for the totally asymmetric exclusion process, and gives the known\nvalues for the three first cumulants of the current in the partially asymmetric\nmodel. Our result is written in terms of tree structures and provides a new\nexample of a link between integrable models and combinatorics.",
        "positive": "Ionization degree of the electron-hole plasma in semiconductor quantum\n  wells: The degree of ionization of a nondegenerate two-dimensional electron-hole\nplasma is calculated using the modified law of mass action, which takes into\naccount all bound and unbound states in a screened Coulomb potential.\nApplication of the variable phase method to this potential allows us to treat\nscattering and bound states on the same footing. Inclusion of the scattering\nstates leads to a strong deviation from the standard law of mass action. A\nqualitative difference between mid- and wide-gap semiconductors is\ndemonstrated. For wide-gap semiconductors at room temperature, when the bare\nexciton binding energy is of the order of T, the equilibrium consists of an\nalmost equal mixture of correlated electron-hole pairs and uncorrelated free\ncarriers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal convection in mono-disperse and bi-disperse granular gases: A\n  simulation study: We present results of a simulation study of inelastic hard-disks vibrated in\na vertical container. An Event-Driven Molecular Dynamics method is developed\nfor studying the onset of convection. Varying the relevant parameters\n(inelasticity, number of layers at rest, intensity of the gravity) we are able\nto obtain a qualitative agreement of our results with recent hydrodynamical\npredictions. Increasing the inelasticity, a first continuous transition from\nthe absence of convection to one convective roll is observed, followed by a\ndiscontinuous transition to two convective rolls, with hysteretic behavior. At\nfixed inelasticity and increasing gravity, a transition from no convection to\none roll can be evidenced. If the gravity is further increased, the roll is\neventually suppressed. Increasing the number of monolayers the system\neventually localizes mostly at the bottom of the box: in this case multiple\nconvective rolls as well as surface waves appear. We analyze the density and\ntemperature fields and study the existence of symmetry breaking in these fields\nin the direction perpendicular to the injection of energy. We also study a\nbinary mixture of grains with different properties (inelasticity or diameters).\nThe effect of changing the properties of one of the components is analyzed,\ntogether with density, temperature and temperature ratio fields.\n  Finally, the presence of a low-fraction of quasi-elastic impurities is shown\nto determine a sharp transition between convective and non-convective steady\nstates.",
        "positive": "Extended Comment on Language Trees and Zipping: This is the extended version of a Comment submitted to Physical Review\nLetters. I first point out the inappropriateness of publishing a Letter\nunrelated to physics. Next, I give experimental results showing that the\ntechnique used in the Letter is 3 times worse and 17 times slower than a simple\nbaseline. And finally, I review the literature, showing that the ideas of the\nLetter are not novel. I conclude by suggesting that Physical Review Letters\nshould not publish Letters unrelated to physics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mapping of the unoccupied states and relevant bosonic modes via the time\n  dependent momentum distribution: The unoccupied states of complex materials are difficult to measure, yet play\na key role in determining their properties. We propose a technique that can\nmeasure the unoccupied states, called time-resolved Compton scattering, which\nmeasures the time-dependent momentum distribution (TDMD). Using a\nnon-equilibrium Keldysh formalism, we study the TDMD for electrons coupled to a\nlattice in a pump-probe setup. We find a direct relation between temporal\noscillations in the TDMD and the dispersion of the underlying unoccupied\nstates, suggesting that both can be measured by time-resolved Compton\nscattering. We demonstrate the experimental feasibility by applying the method\nto a model of MgB$_2$ with realistic material parameters.",
        "positive": "Temperature dependent correlation length for the S=1/2 Quantum\n  Heisenberg Antiferromagnet on the square lattice: We present an analysis of high precision Monte Carlo data for the two\ndimensional S=1/2 quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet up to $\\xi = 95.7(3)$\nobtained by the continuous time version of the loop algorithm. Our data are in\ngood agreement with a prediction of the recent theory (Phys. Rev. Lett. vol.\n77, 3439 (1996)) in very high temperature regime, but they strongly disagree\nwith it in the low temperature regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jamming of multiple persistent random walkers in arbitrary spatial\n  dimension: We consider the persistent exclusion process in which a set of persistent\nrandom walkers interact via hard-core exclusion on a hypercubic lattice in $d$\ndimensions. We work within the ballistic regime whereby particles continue to\nhop in the same direction over many lattice sites before reorienting. In the\ncase of two particles, we find the mean first-passage time to a jammed state\nwhere the particles occupy adjacent sites and face each other. This is achieved\nwithin an approximation that amounts to embedding the one-dimensional system in\na higher-dimensional reservoir. Numerical results demonstrate the validity of\nthis approximation, even for small lattices. The results admit a\nstraightforward generalisation to dilute systems comprising more than two\nparticles. A self-consistency condition on the validity of these results\nsuggest that clusters may form at arbitrarily low densities in the ballistic\nregime, in contrast to what has been found in the diffusive limit.",
        "positive": "Entropic particle transport: higher order corrections to the Fick-Jacobs\n  diffusion equation: Transport of point-size Brownian particles under the influence of a constant\nand uniform force field through a three-dimensional channel with smoothly\nvarying periodic cross-section is investigated. Here, we employ an asymptotic\nanalysis in the ratio between the difference of the widest and the most narrow\nconstriction divided through the period length of the channel geometry. We\ndemonstrate that the leading order term is equivalent to the Fick-Jacobs\napproximation. By use of the higher order corrections to the probability\ndensity we derive an expression for the spatially dependent diffusion\ncoefficient D(x) which substitutes the constant diffusion coefficient present\nin the common Fick-Jacobs equation. In addition, we show that in the diffusion\ndominated regime the average transport velocity is obtained as the product of\nthe zeroth-order Fick-Jacobs result and the expectation value of the spatially\ndependent diffusion coefficient <D(x)>. The analytic findings are corroborated\nwith the precise numerical results of a finite element calculation of the\nSmoluchowski diffusive particle dynamics occurring in a reflection symmetric\nsinusoidal-shaped channel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Degree-dependent network growth: From preferential attachment to\n  explosive percolation: We present a simple model of network growth and solve it by writing down the\ndynamic equations for its macroscopic characteristics like the degree\ndistribution and degree correlations. This allows us to study carefully the\npercolation transition using a generating functions theory. The model considers\na network with a fixed number of nodes wherein links are introduced using\ndegree-dependent linking probabilities $p_k$. To illustrate the techniques and\nsupport our findings using Monte-Carlo simulations, we introduce the exemplary\nlinking rule $p_k$ proportional to $k^{-\\alpha}$, with $\\alpha$ between -1 and\nplus infinity. This parameter may be used to interpolate between different\nregimes. For negative $\\alpha$, links are most likely attached to high-degree\nnodes. On the other hand, in case $\\alpha>0$, nodes with low degrees are\nconnected and the model asymptotically approaches a process undergoing\nexplosive percolation.",
        "positive": "Electronic Transport in Metallic Systems and Generalized Kinetic\n  Equations: This paper reviews some selected approaches to the description of transport\nproperties, mainly electroconductivity, in crystalline and disordered metallic\nsystems. A detailed qualitative theoretical formulation of the electron\ntransport processes in metallic systems within a model approach is given.\nGeneralized kinetic equations which were derived by the method of the\nnonequilibrium statistical operator are used. Tight-binding picture and\nmodified tight-binding approximation (MTBA) were used for describing the\nelectron subsystem and the electron-lattice interaction correspondingly. The\nlow- and high-temperature behavior of the resistivity was discussed in detail.\nThe main objects of discussion are nonmagnetic (or paramagnetic) transition\nmetals and their disordered alloys. The choice of topics and the emphasis on\nconcepts and model approach makes it a good method for a better understanding\nof the electrical conductivity of the transition metals and their disordered\nbinary substitutional alloys, but the formalism developed can be applied (with\nsuitable modification), in principle, to other systems. The approach we used\nand the results obtained complements the existent theories of the electrical\nconductivity in metallic systems. The present study extends the standard\ntheoretical format and calculation procedures in the theories of electron\ntransport in solids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Symmetry resolved entanglement in gapped integrable systems: a corner\n  transfer matrix approach: We study the symmetry resolved entanglement entropies in gapped integrable\nlattice models. We use the corner transfer matrix to investigate two\nprototypical gapped systems with a U(1) symmetry: the complex harmonic chain\nand the XXZ spin-chain. While the former is a free bosonic system, the latter\nis genuinely interacting. We focus on a subsystem being half of an infinitely\nlong chain. In both models, we obtain exact expressions for the charged moments\nand for the symmetry resolved entropies. While for the spin chain we found\nexact equipartition of entanglement (i.e. all the symmetry resolved entropies\nare the same), this is not the case for the harmonic system where equipartition\nis effectively recovered only in some limits. Exploiting the gaussianity of the\nharmonic chain, we also develop an exact correlation matrix approach to the\nsymmetry resolved entanglement that allows us to test numerically our analytic\nresults.",
        "positive": "Explosive Percolation Obeys Standard Finite-Size Scaling in an\n  Event-based Ensemble: Explosive percolation in the Achlioptas process, which has attracted much\nresearch attention, is known to exhibit a rich variety of critical phenomena\nthat are anomalous from the perspective of continuous phase transitions.\nHereby, we show that, in an event-based ensemble, the critical behaviors in\nexplosive percolation are rather clean and obey the standard finite-size\nscaling theory, except for the large fluctuation of pseudo-critical points. In\nthe fluctuation window, multiple fractal structures emerge and the values can\nbe derived from a crossover scaling theory. Further, their mixing effects\naccount well for the previously observed anomalous phenomena. Making use of the\nclean scaling in the event-based ensemble, we determine with a high precision\nthe critical points and exponents for a number of bond-insertion rules, and\nclarify ambiguities about their universalities. Our findings hold true for any\nspatial dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Origin of Pure Spin Superradiance: The question addressed in this paper is: What originates pure spin\nsuperradiance in a polarized spin system placed inside a resonator? The term\n\"pure\" means that no initial coherence is imposed on spins, and its appearance\nmanifests a purely self-organized collective effect. The consideration is based\non a microscopic model with dipole spin interactions. An accurate solution of\nevolution equations is given. The results show that the resonator Nyquist noise\ndoes not play, contrary to the common belief, any role in starting spin\nsuperradiance, but the emergence of the latter is initiated by local spin\nfluctuations. The decisive role of nonsecular dipole interactions is stressed.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium of a Brownian particle in an inhomogeneous medium: An\n  alternative approach: We look at the equilibrium of a Brownian particle in an inhomogeneous space\nfollowing the alternative approach proposed in ref.[1]. We consider a\ncoordinate dependent damping that makes the stochastic dynamics the one with\nmultiplicative noise. Here we show that the mapping to an additive noise gives\nthe equilibrium distribution of the generalized Langevin dynamics of a particle\nwith mass. The procedure does not need inclusion of any ad hoc current\ncancelling term in the Langevin dynamics. The result shows a modified\nMaxwell-Boltzmann distribution with a damping dependent amplitude."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Criticalities of the transverse- and longitudinal-field fidelity\n  susceptibilities for the d=2 quantum Ising model: The inner product between the ground-state eigenvectors with proximate\ninteraction parameters, namely, the fidelity, plays a significant role in the\nquantum dynamics. In this paper, the critical behaviors of the transverse- and\nlongitudinal-field fidelity susceptibilities for the d=2 quantum\n(transverse-field) Ising model are investigated by means of the numerical\ndiagonalization method; the former susceptibility has been investigated rather\nextensively. The critical exponents for these fidelity susceptibilities are\nestimated as \\alpha^{(t)}_F=0.752(24) and \\alpha^{(h)}_F=1.81(13),\nrespectively. These indices are independent, and suffice for obtaining\nconventional critical indices such as \\nu=0.624(12) and \\gamma=1.19(13).",
        "positive": "Emergent phenomena in living systems: a statistical mechanical\n  perspective: A natural phenomenon occurring in a living system is an outcome of the\ndynamics of the specific biological network underlying the phenomenon. The\ncollective dynamics have both deterministic and stochastic components. The\nstochastic nature of the key processes like gene expression and cell\ndifferentiation give rise to fluctuations (noise) in the levels of the\nbiomolecules and this combined with nonlinear interactions give rise to a\nnumber of emergent phenomena. In this review, we describe and discuss some of\nthese phenomena which have the character of phase transitions in physical\nsystems. We specifically focus on noise-induced transitions in a stochastic\nmodel of gene expression and in a population genetics model which have no\nanalogs when the dynamics are solely deterministic in nature. Some of these\ntransitions exhibit critical-point phenomena belonging to the mean-field Ising\nuniversality class of equilibrium phase transitions. A number of other\nexamples, ranging from biofilms to homeostasis in adult tissues, are also\ndiscussed which exhibit behavior similar to critical phenomena in equilibrium\nand nonequilbrium phase transitions. The examples illustrate how the subject of\nstatistical mechanics provides a bridge between theoretical models and\nexperimental observations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solution of semi-flexible self-avoiding trails on a Husimi lattice built\n  with squares: We study a model of semi-flexible self-avoiding trails, where the lattice\npaths are constrained to visit each lattice edge at most once, with\nconfigurations weighted by the number of collisions, crossings and bends, on a\nHusimi lattice built with squares. We find a rich phase diagram with five\nphases: a non-polymerised phase (${\\bf NP}$), low density (${\\bf P1}$) and high\ndensity (${\\bf P2}$) polymerised phases, and, for sufficiently large stiffness,\ntwo additional anisotropic (nematic) (${\\bf AN1}$ and ${\\bf AN2}$) polymerised\nphases within the ${\\bf P1}$ phase. Moreover, the {\\bf AN1} phase which shows a\nbroken symmetry with a preferential direction, is separated from the ${\\bf P1}$\nphase by the other nematic ${\\bf AN2}$ phase. Although this scenario is similar\nto what was found in our previous calculation on the Bethe lattice, where the\n${\\bf AN-P1}$ transition was discontinuous and critical, the presence of the\nadditional nematic phase between them introduces a qualitative difference.\nOther details of the phase diagram are that a line of tri-critical points may\nseparate the ${\\bf P1}-{\\bf P2}$ transition surface into a continuous and a\ndiscontinuous portion, and that the same may happen at the ${\\bf NP}-{\\bf P1}$\ntransition surface, details of which depend on whether crossings are allowed or\nforbidden. A critical end-point line is also found in the phase diagram.",
        "positive": "Random Sequential Renormalization of Networks I: Application to Critical\n  Trees: We introduce the concept of Random Sequential Renormalization (RSR) for\narbitrary networks. RSR is a graph renormalization procedure that locally\naggregates nodes to produce a coarse grained network. It is analogous to the\n(quasi-)parallel renormalization schemes introduced by C. Song {\\it et al.}\n(Nature {\\bf 433}, 392 (2005)) and studied more recently by F. Radicchi {\\it et\nal.} (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 101}, 148701 (2008)), but much simpler and easier\nto implement. In this first paper we apply RSR to critical trees and derive\nanalytical results consistent with numerical simulations. Critical trees\nexhibit three regimes in their evolution under RSR: (i) An initial regime\n$N_0^{\\nu}\\lesssim N<N_0$, where $N$ is the number of nodes at some step in the\nrenormalization and $N_0$ is the initial size. RSR in this regime is described\nby a mean field theory and fluctuations from one realization to another are\nsmall. The exponent $\\nu=1/2$ is derived using random walk arguments. The\ndegree distribution becomes broader under successive renormalization --\nreaching a power law, $p_k\\sim 1/k^{\\gamma}$ with $\\gamma=2$ and a variance\nthat diverges as $N_0^{1/2}$ at the end of this regime. Both of these results\nare derived based on a scaling theory. (ii) An intermediate regime for\n$N_0^{1/4}\\lesssim N \\lesssim N_0^{1/2}$, in which hubs develop, and\nfluctuations between different realizations of the RSR are large. Crossover\nfunctions exhibiting finite size scaling, in the critical region $N\\sim\nN_0^{1/2} \\to \\infty$, connect the behaviors in the first two regimes. (iii)\nThe last regime, for $1 \\ll N\\lesssim N_0^{1/4}$, is characterized by the\nappearance of star configurations with a central hub surrounded by many leaves.\nThe distribution of sizes where stars first form is found numerically to be a\npower law up to a cutoff that scales as $N_0^{\\nu_{star}}$ with\n$\\nu_{star}\\approx 1/4$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Performance of Wang-Landau algorithm in continuous spin models and a\n  case study : modified XY-model: Performance of Wang-Landau (W-L) algorithm in two continuous spin models is\ntested by determining the fluctuations in energy histogram. Finite size scaling\nis performed on a modified XY-model using different W-L sampling schemes.\nDifficulties faced in simulating relatively large continuous systems using W-L\nalgorithm are discussed.",
        "positive": "Normal solutions of the Boltzmann equation for highly nonequilibrium\n  Fourier flow and Couette flow: The state of a single-species monatomic gas from near-equilibrium to highly\nnonequilibrium conditions is investigated using analytical and numerical\nmethods. Normal solutions of the Boltzmann equation for Fourier flow (uniform\nheat flux) and Couette flow (uniform shear stress) are found in terms of the\nheat-flux and shear-stress Knudsen numbers. Analytical solutions are found for\ninverse-power-law molecules from hard-sphere through Maxwell at small Knudsen\nnumbers using Chapman-Enskog (CE) theory and for Maxwell molecules at finite\nKnudsen numbers using a moment-hierarchy (MH) method. Corresponding numerical\nsolutions are obtained using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method of\nBird. The thermal conductivity, the viscosity, and the Sonine-polynomial\ncoefficients of the velocity distribution function from DSMC agree with CE\nresults at small Knudsen numbers and with MH results at finite Knudsen numbers.\nSubtle differences between inverse-power-law, variable-soft-sphere, and\nvariable-hard-sphere representations of Maxwell molecules are observed. The MH\nand DSMC results both indicate that the effective thermal conductivity and the\neffective viscosity for Maxwell molecules are independent of the heat-flux\nKnudsen number, and additional DSMC simulations indicate that these transport\nproperties for hard-sphere molecules decrease slightly as the heat-flux Knudsen\nnumber is increased. Similarly, the MH and DSMC results indicate that the\neffective thermal conductivity and the effective viscosity for Maxwell\nmolecules decrease as the shear-stress Knudsen number is increased, and\nadditional DSMC simulations indicate the same behavior for hard-sphere\nmolecules. These results provide strong evidence that the DSMC method can be\nused to determine the state of a gas under highly nonequilibrium conditions"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic properties of systems controlled by autocatalytic reactions I: We analyzed the stochastic behavior of systems controlled by autocatalytic\nreaction A+X -> X+X. Assuming the distribution of reacting particles in the\nsystem volume to be uniform, we introduced the notion of the point model of\nreaction kinetics, and derived a system of differential equations for\nprobabilities of finding n=0,1,... autocatalytic particles at a given time\nmoment. It has been found that the kinetic law of the mass action cannot be\nsupported by stochastic model.",
        "positive": "Extended q-Gaussian and q-exponential distributions from Gamma random\n  variables: The family of q-Gaussian and q-exponential probability densities fit the\nstatistical behavior of diverse complex self-similar non-equilibrium systems.\nThese distributions, independently of the underlying dynamics, can rigorously\nbe obtained by maximizing Tsallis \"non-extensive\" entropy under appropriate\nconstraints, as well as from superstatistical models. In this paper we provide\nan alternative and complementary scheme for deriving these objects. We show\nthat q-Gaussian and q-exponential random variables can always be expressed as\nfunction of two statistically independent Gamma random variables with the same\nscale parameter. Their shape index determine the complexity q-parameter. This\nresult also allows to define an extended family of asymmetric q-Gaussian and\nmodified $q$-exponential densities, which reduce to the previous ones when the\nshape parameters are the same. Furthermore, we demonstrate that simple change\nof variables always allow to relate any of these distributions with a Beta\nstochastic variable. The extended distributions are applied in the statistical\ndescription of different complex dynamics such as log-return signals in\nfinancial markets and motion of point defects in fluid flows."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic friction in Ising spin systems: A new contribution to friction is predicted to occur in systems with magnetic\ncorrelations: Tangential relative motion of two Ising spin systems pumps energy\ninto the magnetic degrees of freedom. This leads to a friction force\nproportional to the area of contact. The velocity and temperature dependence of\nthis force are investigated. Magnetic friction is strongest near the critical\ntemperature, below which the spin systems order spontaneously.\nAntiferromagnetic coupling leads to stronger friction than ferromagnetic\ncoupling with the same exchange constant. The basic dissipation mechanism is\nexplained. If the coupling of the spin system to the heat bath is weak, a\nsurprising effect is observed in the ordered phase: The relative motion acts\nlike a heat pump cooling the spins in the vicinity of the friction surface.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of uncertain stochastic processes: Stochastic thermodynamics is formulated under the assumption of perfect\nknowledge of all thermodynamic parameters. However, in any real-world\nexperiment, there is non-zero uncertainty about the precise value of\ntemperatures, chemical potentials, energy spectrum, etc. Here we investigate\nhow this uncertainty modifies the theorems of stochastic thermodynamics. We\nconsider two scenarios: in the (called \\emph{effective}) scenario we fix the\n(unknown, randomly generated) experimental apparatus and then repeatedly\nobserve (stochastic) trajectories of the system for that fixed apparatus. In\ncontrast, in a (called \\emph{phenomenological}) scenario the (unknown)\napparatus is re-generated for each trajectory. We derive expressions for\nthermodynamic quantities in both scenarios. We also discuss the physical\ninterpretation of effective (scenario) entropy production (EP), derive the\neffective mismatch cost, and provide a numerical analysis of the effective\nthermodynamics of a quantum dot implementing bit erasure with uncertain\ntemperature. We then analyze the protocol for moving between two state\ndistributions that maximize effective work extraction. Next, we investigate the\neffective thermodynamic value of information, focusing on the case where there\nis a delay between the initialization of the system and the start of the\nprotocol. Finally, we derive the detailed and integrated fluctuation theorems\n(FTs) for the phenomenological EP. In particular, we show how the\nphenomenological FTs account for the fact that the longer a trajectory runs,\nthe more information it provides concerning the precise experimental apparatus,\nand therefore the less EP it generates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality classes and crossover behaviors in non-Abelian directed\n  sandpiles: We study universality classes and crossover behaviors in non-Abelian directed\nsandpile models, in terms of the metastable pattern analysis. The non-Abelian\nproperty induces spatially correlated metastable patterns, characterized by the\nalgebraic decay of the grain density along the propagation direction of an\navalanche. Crossover scaling behaviors are observed in the grain density due to\nthe interplay between the toppling randomness and the parity of the threshold\nvalue. In the presence of such crossovers, we show that the broadness of the\ngrain distribution plays a crucial role in resolving the ambiguity of the\nuniversality class. Finally, we claim that the metastable pattern analysis is\nimportant as much as the conventional analysis of avalanche dynamics.",
        "positive": "Spin-Wave Description of Nuclear Spin-Lattice Relaxation in\n  Mn_{12}O_{12} Acetate: In response to recent nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) measurements on the\nmolecular cluster Mn_{12}O_{12} acetate, we study the nuclear spin-lattice\nrelaxation rate 1/T_1 developing a modified spin-wave theory. Our microscopic\nnew approach, which is distinct from previous macroscopic treatments of the\ncluster as a rigid spin of S=10, not only excellently interprets the observed\ntemperature and applied-field dependences of 1/T_1 for ^{55}Mn nuclei but also\nstrongly supports the ^{13}C NMR evidence for spin delocalization over the\nentire molecule."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of citation networks: The out-degree distribution of citation networks is investigated. Statistical\ndata of the number of papers cited within a paper (out-degree) for different\njournals in the period 1991-1999 is reported. The out-degree distribution is\ncharacterized by a maximum at intermediate out-degrees. At the left of the\nmaximum there are strong fluctuations from journal to journal while is quite\nuniversal at the right, with two classes of journals. These two classes are\nassociated with the existence or not of a restriction in the maximum number of\npages per paper. The shape of the out-degree distribution does not change\nappreciable from period to period, but the average out-degree is observed to\nincrease logarithmically with the number of published papers. These features\nare modeled using a recursive search model.",
        "positive": "Improved grand canonical sampling of vapour-liquid transitions: Simulation within the grand canonical ensemble is the method of choice for\naccurate studies of first order vapour-liquid phase transitions in model\nfluids. Such simulations typically employ sampling that is biased with respect\nto the overall number density in order to overcome the free energy barrier\nassociated with mixed phase states. However, at low temperature and for large\nsystem size, this approach suffers a drastic slowing down in sampling\nefficiency. The culprits are geometrically induced transitions (stemming from\nthe periodic boundary conditions) which involve changes in droplet shape from\nsphere to cylinder and cylinder to slab. Since the overall number density\ndoesn't discriminate sufficiently between these shapes, it fails as an order\nparameter for biasing through the transitions. Here we report two approaches to\nameliorating these difficulties. The first introduces a droplet shape based\norder parameter that generates a transition path from vapour to slab states for\nwhich spherical and cylindrical droplet are suppressed. The second simply\nbiases with respect to the number density in a tetragonal subvolume of the\nsystem. Compared to the standard approach, both methods offer improved\nsampling, allowing estimates of coexistence parameters and vapor-liquid surface\ntension for larger system sizes and lower temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "'t Hooft-Polyakov Monopoles in an Antiferromagnetic Bose-Einstein\n  Condensate: We show that an antiferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate, which can\nfor instance be created with Na-23 atoms in an optical trap, has not only\nsingular line-like vortex excitations, but also allows for singular point-like\ntopological excitations, i.e., 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles. We discuss the\nstatic and dynamic properties ofthese monopoles.",
        "positive": "Memory effects on the statistics of fragmentation: We investigate through extensive molecular dynamics simulations the\nfragmentation process of two-dimensional Lennard-Jones systems. After\nthermalization, the fragmentation is initiated by a sudden increment to the\nradial component of the particles' velocities. We study the effect of\ntemperature of the thermalized system as well as the influence of the impact\nenergy of the ``explosion'' event on the statistics of mass fragments. Our\nresults indicate that the cumulative distribution of fragments follows the\nscaling ansatz $F(m)\\propto m^{-\\alpha}\\exp{[-(m/m_0)^\\gamma]}$, where $m$ is\nthe mass, $m_0$ and $\\gamma$ are cutoff parameters, and $\\alpha$ is a scaling\nexponent that is dependent on the temperature. More precisely, we show clear\nevidence that there is a characteristic scaling exponent $\\alpha$ for each\nmacroscopic phase of the thermalized system, i.e., that the non-universal\nbehavior of the fragmentation process is dictated by the state of the system\nbefore it breaks down."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Physical peculiarities of divergences emerging in q-deformed statistics: It was found in [Europhysics Letters {\\bf 104}, (2013), 60003] that classical\nTsallis theory exhibits poles in the partition function ${\\cal Z}$ and the mean\nenergy $<{\\cal U}>$. These occur at a countably set of the q-line. We give\nhere, via a simple procedure, a mathematical account of them. Further, by\nfocusing attention upon the pole-physics, we encounter interesting effects. In\nparticular, for the specific heat, we uncover hidden gravitational effects.",
        "positive": "Lattice model of gas condensation within nanopores: We explore the thermodynamic behavior of gases adsorbed within a nanopore.\nThe theoretical description employs a simple lattice gas model, with two\nspecies of site, expected to describe various regimes of adsorption and\ncondensation behavior. The model includes four hypothetical phases: a\ncylindrical shell phase (S), in which the sites close to the cylindrical wall\nare occupied, an axial phase (A), in which sites along the cylinder's axis are\noccupied, a full phase (F), in which all sites are occupied, and an empty phase\n(E). We obtain exact results at T=0 for the phase behavior, which is a function\nof the interactions present in any specific problem. We obtain the\ncorresponding results at finite T from mean field theory. Finally, we examine\nthe model's predicted phase behavior of some real gases adsorbed in nanopores."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion and entanglement in open quantum systems: The macroscopic fluctuation theory provides a complete hydrodynamic\ndescription of non-equilibrium classical diffusive systems. As a first step\ntowards a diffusive theory of open quantum systems, we show how to construct a\nmicroscopic open quantum system that exhibits genuine quantum diffusive\nscaling. Namely, the dynamics is diffusive and the density matrix is entangled\nin the hydrodynamic length and time scales.",
        "positive": "Varied phenomenology of models displaying dynamical large-deviation\n  singularities: Singularities of dynamical large-deviation functions are often interpreted as\nthe signal of a dynamical phase transition and the coexistence of distinct\ndynamical phases, by analogy with the correspondence between singularities of\nfree energies and equilibrium phase behavior. Here we study models of driven\nrandom walkers on a lattice. These models display large-deviation singularities\nin the limit of large lattice size, but the extent to which each model's\nphenomenology resembles a phase transition depends on the details of the\ndriving. We also compare the behavior of ergodic and non-ergodic models that\npresent large-deviation singularities. We argue that dynamical large-deviation\nsingularities indicate the divergence of a model timescale, but not necessarily\none associated with cooperative behavior or the existence of distinct phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Monte-Carlo dynamics of a binary Lennard-Jones glass-forming mixture: We use a standard Monte-Carlo algorithm to study the slow dynamics of a\nbinary Lennard-Jones glass-forming mixture at low temperature. We find that\nMonte-Carlo is by far the most efficient way to simulate a stochastic dynamics\nsince relaxation is about 10 times faster than in Brownian Dynamics and about\n30 times faster than in Stochastic Dynamics. Moreover, the average dynamical\nbehaviour of the system is in quantitative agreement with the one obtained\nusing Newtonian dynamics, apart at very short times where thermal vibrations\nare suppressed. We show, however, that dynamic fluctuations quantified by\nfour-point dynamic susceptibilities do retain a dependence on the microscopic\ndynamics, as recently predicted theoretically.",
        "positive": "Thermal transport in disordered harmonic chains revisited: Formulation\n  of thermal conductivity and local temperatures: In this paper, thermal transport in bond-disordered harmonic chains is\nrevisited in detail using a nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. For\nstrong bond disorder, thermal conductivity is independent of the system size.\nHowever, kinetic temperatures described by the local number of states coupling\nto external heat reservoirs are anomalous since they form a nonlinear profile\nin the interior of the system. Both results are accounted for in a unified\nmanner in terms of the frequency-dependent localization length. From this\nargument, we derive a generic formula describing the asymptotic profile of\nlocal temperatures in a disordered harmonic chain. A linear temperature profile\nobeying Fourier's law is recovered by contact with a self-consistent reservoir\nof Ohmic type even in the limit of weak system-reservoir coupling. This\nverifies that mechanisms leading to local thermal equilibrium and breaking\ntotal momentum conservation are essential for Fourier transport in low\ndimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coherence versus reliability of stochastic oscillators with delayed\n  feedback: For noisy self-sustained oscillators, both reliability, stability of a\nresponse to a noisy driving, and coherence understood in the sense of constancy\nof oscillation frequency belong to the main characteristics. Though the both\ncharacteristics and techniques for controlling them received great attention of\nresearchers, owing to their importance for neurons, lasers, clocks, electric\ngenerators, etc., these characteristics were previously considered separately.\nIn this paper, strong quantitative relation between coherence and reliability\nis revealed for a limit cycle oscillator subject to a weak noisy driving and a\nlinear delayed feedback, a convectional control tool. Analytical findings are\nverified and enriched with a numerical simulation for the Van der Pol-Duffing\noscillator.",
        "positive": "Geometric decomposition of entropy production into excess, housekeeping\n  and coupling parts: For a generic overdamped Langevin dynamics driven out of equilibrium by both\ntime-dependent and nonconservative forces, the entropy production rate can be\ndecomposed into two positive terms, termed excess and housekeeping entropy.\nHowever, this decomposition is not unique: There are two distinct\ndecompositions, one due to Hatano and Sasa, the other one due to Maes and\nNeto\\v{c}ny. Here, we establish the connection between these two decompositions\nand provide a simple, geometric interpretation. We show that this leads to a\ndecomposition of the entropy production rate into three positive terms, which\nwe call excess, housekeeping and coupling part, respectively. The coupling part\ncharacterizes the interplay between the time-dependent and nonconservative\nforces. We also derive thermodynamic uncertainty relations for the excess and\nhousekeeping entropy in both the Hatano-Sasa and Maes-Neto\\v{c}ny-decomposition\nand show that all quantities obey integral fluctuation theorems. We illustrate\nthe decomposition into three terms using a solvable example of a dragged\nparticle in a nonconservative force field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of the acrylic acid content on the permeability and water uptake\n  of latex films: Acrylic acid (AA) is a monomer commonly employed in emulsion polymerization\nto provide electrostatic colloidal stability and improve specific film\nperformance. The addition of AA not only modifies the kinetics of the\npolymerization, but also it takes part in the interaction between colloidal\nparticles, which has a strong influence on their packing and consequent latex\nfilm properties. In this contribution a theoretical modeling of the latex film\nformation is presented and compared to experimental results: water vapor\npermeability and latex film capacitance are studied as a function of AA\ncontent. It has been shown that water uptake is mainly affected by film\nmorphology which in turn is defined by intercolloidal interaction and drying\nrate.",
        "positive": "Global isomorphism between the Lenard-Jones fluids and the Ising model: The interpretation of the linear character of the observable classic\nrectilinear diameter law and the linear character of the Zeno-line (unit\ncompressibility line Z=1) on the basis of global isomorphism between Ising\nmodel (Lattice Gas) and simple fluid is proposed. The correct definition of the\nlimiting nontrivial Zeno state is given and its relation with the locus of the\ncritical point is derived within this approach. We show that the liquid-vapor\npart of the phase diagram of the molecular fluids can be described as the\nisomorphic image of the phase diagram of the Lattice Gas. It is shown how the\nthe position of the critical points of the fluids of the Lenard-Jones type can\nbe determined basing on the scaling symmetry. As a sequence the explanation of\nthe well known fact about \"global\" cubic character of the coexistence curve of\nthe molecular fluids is proposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Singular Scaling Functions in Clustering Phenomena: We study clustering in a stochastic system of particles sliding down a\nfluctuating surface in one and two dimensions. In steady state, the\ndensity-density correlation function is a scaling function of separation and\nsystem size.This scaling function is singular for small argument -- it exhibits\na cusp singularity for particles with mutual exclusion, and a divergence for\nnoninteracting particles. The steady state is characterized by giant\nfluctuations which do not damp down in the thermodynamic limit. The\nautocorrelation function is a singular scaling function of time and system\nsize. The scaling properties are surprisingly similar to those for particles\nmoving in a quenched disordered environment that results if the surface is\nfrozen.",
        "positive": "Sandpile avalanche dynamics on scale-free networks: Avalanche dynamics is an indispensable feature of complex systems. Here we\nstudy the self-organized critical dynamics of avalanches on scale-free networks\nwith degree exponent $\\gamma$ through the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld (BTW) sandpile\nmodel. The threshold height of a node $i$ is set as $k_i^{1-\\eta}$ with\n$0\\leq\\eta<1$, where $k_i$ is the degree of node $i$. Using the branching\nprocess approach, we obtain the avalanche size and the duration distribution of\nsand toppling, which follow power-laws with exponents $\\tau$ and $\\delta$,\nrespectively. They are given as $\\tau=(\\gamma-2 \\eta)/(\\gamma-1-\\eta)$ and\n$\\delta=(\\gamma-1-\\eta)/(\\gamma-2)$ for $\\gamma<3-\\eta$, 3/2 and 2 for\n$\\gamma>3-\\eta$, respectively. The power-law distributions are modified by a\nlogarithmic correction at $\\gamma=3-\\eta$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of Chemical Waves: Chemical waves constitute a known class of dissipative structures emerging in\nreaction-diffusion systems. They play a crucial role in biology, spreading\ninformation rapidly to synchronize and coordinate biological events. We develop\na rigorous thermodynamic theory of reaction-diffusion systems to characterize\nchemical waves. Our main result is the definition of the proper thermodynamic\npotential of the local dynamics as a nonequilibrium free energy density and\nestablishing its balance equation. This enables us to identify the dynamics of\nthe free energy, of the dissipation, and of the work spent to sustain the wave\npropagation. Two prototypical classes of chemical waves are examined. From a\nthermodynamic perspective, the first is sustained by relaxation towards\nequilibrium and the second by nonconservative forces generated by chemostats.\nWe analytically study step-like waves, called wavefronts, using the\nFisher-Kolmogorov equation as representative of the first class and oscillating\nwaves in the Brusselator model as representative of the second. Given the\nfundamental role of chemical waves as message carriers in biosystems, our\nthermodynamic theory constitutes an important step toward an understanding of\ninformation transfers and processing in biology.",
        "positive": "Correlation functions in one-dimensional spin lattices with Ising and\n  Heisenberg bonds: A general technique of exact calculation of any correlation functions for the\nspecial class of one-dimensional spin models containing small clusters of\nquantum spins assembled to a chain by alternating with the single Ising spins\nis proposed. The technique is a natural generalization of that in the models\nsolved by a classical transfer matrix. The general expressions for\ncorresponding matrix operators which are the key components of the technique\nare obtained. As it is clear from the general principles, the decay of the\ncorrelation functions of various types is explicitly shown to be governed by a\nsingle correlation length. The technique is illustrated by two examples:\nsymmetric diamond chain and asymmetric sawtooth chain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production and the arrow of time: We present an exact relationship between the entropy production and the\ndistinguishability of a process from its time-reverse, quantified by the\nrelative entropy between forward and backward states. The relationship is shown\nto remain valid for a wide family of initial conditions, such as canonical,\nconstrained canonical, multi-canonical and grand canonical distributions, as\nwell as both for classical and quantum systems.",
        "positive": "Anisotropic spatially heterogeneous dynamics in a model glass-forming\n  binary mixture: We calculated a four-point correlation function G_4(k,r;t) and the\ncorresponding structure factor S_4(k,q;t) for a model glass-forming binary\nmixture. These functions measure the spatial correlations of the relaxation of\ndifferent particles. We found that these four-point functions are anisotropic\nand depend on the angle between vectors k and r (or q). The anisotropy is the\nstrongest for times somewhat longer than the beta relaxation time but it is\nquite pronounced even for times comparable to the alpha relaxation time,\ntau_alpha. At the lowest temperatures S_4(k,q;tau_alpha) is strongly\nanisotropic even for the smallest wavevector q accessible in our simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonextensive random-matrix theory based on Kaniadakis entropy: The joint eigenvalue distributions of random-matrix ensembles are derived by\napplying the principle maximum entropy to the Renyi, Abe and Kaniadakis\nentropies. While the Renyi entropy produces essentially the same matrix-element\ndistributions as the previously obtained expression by using the Tsallis\nentropy, and the Abe entropy does not lead to a closed form expression, the\nKaniadakis entropy leads to a new generalized form of the Wigner surmise that\ndescribes a transition of the spacing distribution from chaos to order. This\nexpression is compared with the corresponding expression obtained by assuming\nTsallis' entropy as well as the results of a previous numerical experiment.",
        "positive": "L\u00e9vy flights in inhomogeneous environments and 1/f noise: Complex dynamical systems which are governed by anomalous diffusion often can\nbe described by Langevin equations driven by L\\'evy stable noise. In this\narticle we generalize nonlinear stochastic differential equations driven by\nGaussian noise and generating signals with 1/f power spectral density by\nreplacing the Gaussian noise with a more general L\\'evy stable noise. The\nequations with the Gaussian noise arise as a special case when the index of\nstability alpha=2. We expect that this generalization may be useful for\ndescribing 1/f fluctuations in the systems subjected to L\\'evy stable noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Corrections to the Law of Mass Action and Properties of the Asymptotic\n  $t = \\infty$ State for Reversible Diffusion-Limited Reactions: On example of diffusion-limited reversible $A+A \\rightleftharpoons B$\nreactions we re-examine two fundamental concepts of classical chemical kinetics\n- the notion of \"Chemical Equilibrium\" and the \"Law of Mass Action\". We\nconsider a general model with distance-dependent reaction rates, such that any\npair of $A$ particles, performing standard random walks on sites of a\n$d$-dimensional lattice and being at a distance $\\mu$ apart of each other at\ntime moment $t$, may associate forming a $B$ particle at the rate $k_+(\\mu)$.\nIn turn, any randomly moving $B$ particle may spontaneously dissociate at the\nrate $k_-(\\lambda)$ into a geminate pair of $A$s \"born\" at a distance $\\lambda$\napart of each other. Within a formally exact approach based on Gardiner's\nPoisson representation method we show that the asymptotic $t = \\infty$ state\nattained by such diffusion-limited reactions is generally \\textit{not a true\nthermodynamic equilibrium}, but rather a non-equilibrium steady-state, and that\nthe Law of Mass Action is invalid. The classical concepts hold \\text{only} in\ncase when the ratio $k_+(\\mu)/k_-(\\mu)$ does not depend on $\\mu$ for any $\\mu$.",
        "positive": "Adiabatic thermostatistics of the two parameter entropy and the role of\n  Lambert's W-function in its applications: A unified framework to describe the adiabatic class of ensembles in the\ngeneralized statistical mechanics based on Schwammle-Tsallis two parameter (q,\nq') entropy is proposed. The generalized form of the equipartition theorem,\nvirial theorem and the adiabatic theorem are derived. Each member of the class\nof ensembles is illustrated using the classical nonrelativistic ideal gas and\nwe observe that the heat functions could be written in terms of the Lambert's\nW-function in the large N limit. In the microcanonical ensemble we study the\neffect of gravitational field on classical nonrelativistic ideal gas and a\nsystem of hard rods in one dimension and compute their respective internal\nenergy and specific heat. We found that the specific heat can take both\npositive and negative values depending on the range of the deformation\nparameters, unlike the case of one parameter Tsallis entropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagram of the spin-1 XXZ Heisenberg ferromagnet with a single-ion\n  anisotropy: Phase diagram of the spin-1 quantum Heisenberg model with both exchange as\nwell as single-ion anisotropy is constructed within the framework of pair\napproximation formulated as a variational procedure based on the\nGibbs-Bogoliubov inequality. In this form adapted variational approach is used\nto obtain the results equivalent with the Oguchi's pair approximation. It is\nshown that the single-ion anisotropy induces a tricritical behaviour in the\nconsidered model system and a location of tricritical points is found in\ndependence on the exchange anisotropy strength.",
        "positive": "Multifractal Structure of the Sea-Bottom Topography in the Korean Sea: The scaling behavior of the mutifractality for the sea-bottom topography of\nthe South Sea in Korea is numerically investigated. In particular, we focus on\nthe behavior of the $q$th-moment depth-depth correlation function of the\nsea-bottom topography and its multifractal spectrum. Through the multifractal\nanalysis, the fractal dimension and the scaling exponents are obtained\nnumerically, and the relation between the Hurst exponent and the fractal\ndimension is also derived."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Is Turbulence as Simple as Tossing a Coin?: A large variety of problems in statistical physics use a Gaussian\ndistribution as a starting point. For the problem of intermittency in fluid\nturbulence, the Gaussian approximation is not a useful beginning. We find that\nthe Cramer's rate function in the theory of large deviations as used in a\nsimple coin toss is a promising starting point for giving an account of\nintermittency. In addition, it offers another view of Jarzynski equality.",
        "positive": "A refined Razumov-Stroganov conjecture: We extend the Razumov-Stroganov conjecture relating the groundstate of the\nO(1) spin chain to alternating sign matrices, by relating the groundstate of\nthe monodromy matrix of the O(1) model to the so-called refined alternating\nsign matrices, i.e. with prescribed configuration of their first row, as well\nas to refined fully-packed loop configurations on a square grid, keeping track\nboth of the loop connectivity and of the configuration of their top row. We\nalso conjecture a direct relation between this groundstate and refined totally\nsymmetric self-complementary plane partitions, namely, in their formulation as\nsets of non-intersecting lattice paths, with prescribed last steps of all\npaths."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A note on the spin-1/2 XXZ chain concerning its relation to the Bose gas: By considering the one-particle and two-particle scattering data of the\nspin-1/2 Heisenberg chain at T=0 we derive a continuum limit relating the spin\nchain to the 1D Bose gas. Applying this limit to the quantum transfer matrix\napproach of the Heisenberg chain we obtain expressions for the correlation\nfunctions of the Bose gas at arbitrary temperatures.",
        "positive": "Reaction-Diffusion dynamics in presence of active barrier: Pinhole sink: In this article, we give a semi-analytic expression for survival probability\nwhen particles are diffusing in an active potential well. There is no analytic\nsolution available in the literature, due to the requirement of inverse Laplace\ntransform of the propagator, when a sink is placed at the uphill of the\nparabolic potential even in case of the localized sink. We also explain some of\nthe physical aspects by using our solution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On stability of the three-dimensional fixed point in a model with three\n  coupling constants from the $\u03b5$ expansion: Three-loop results: The structure of the renormalization-group flows in a model with three\nquartic coupling constants is studied within the $\\epsilon$-expansion method up\nto three-loop order. Twofold degeneracy of the eigenvalue exponents for the\nthree-dimensionally stable fixed point is observed and the possibility for\npowers in $\\sqrt{\\epsilon}$ to appear in the series is investigated.\nReliability and effectiveness of the $\\epsilon$-expansion method for the given\nmodel is discussed.",
        "positive": "Universal Anomaly of Dynamics at Phase Transition Points Induced by\n  Pancharatnam-Berry Phase: Recently, dynamical anomalies more than critical slowing down are often\nobserved near both the continuous and first-order phase transition points. We\npropose that the universal anomalies could originate from the geometric phase\neffects. A Pancharatnam-Berry phase is accumulated continuously in quantum\nstates with the variation of tuning parameters. Phase transitions are supposed\nto induce a abrupt shift of the geometric phase. In our multi-level quantum\nmodel, the quantum interference induced by the geometric phase could prolong or\nshorten the relaxation times of excited states at phase transition points,\nwhich agrees with the experiments, models under sudden quenches and our\nsemi-classical model. Furthermore, we find that by setting a phase shift of\n\\text{\\ensuremath{\\pi}}, the excited state could be decoupled from the ground\nstate by quantum cancellation so that the relaxation time even could diverge to\ninfinity. Our work introduces the geometric phase to the study of conventional\nphase transitions and quantum phase transition, and could substantially extend\nthe dephasing time of qubits for quantum computing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-monotonic behavior of the Binder Parameter in the discrete spin\n  systems: We study a non-monotonic behavior of the Binder parameter, which appears in\nthe discrete spin systems. We show that the Binder parameters of the Potts\nmodel are non-monotonic for $q=3$ and $4$, while they are monotonic for the\nIsing case ($q=2$). Using the Fortuin-Kasteleyn graph representation, we find\nthat the improved estimator of the Binder parameter consists of two terms with\nvalues only in high- and low-temperature regions. The non-monotonic behavior is\nfound to originate from the low-temperature term. With the appropriately\ndefined order parameter, we can reduce the influence of the low-temperature\nterm, and as a result, the non-monotonic behavior can also be reduced. We\npropose new definitions of the order parameter, which reduces or eliminates the\nnon-monotonic behavior of the Binder parameter in a system for which the\nimproved estimator of the Binder parameter is unknown.",
        "positive": "Winner-relaxing and winner-enhancing Kohonen maps: Maximal mutual\n  information from enhancing the winner: The magnification behaviour of a generalized family of self-organizing\nfeature maps, the Winner Relaxing and Winner Enhancing Kohonen algorithms is\nanalyzed by the magnification law in the one-dimensional case, which can be\nobtained analytically. The Winner-Enhancing case allows to acheive a\nmagnification exponent of one and therefore provides optimal mapping in the\nsense of information theory. A numerical verification of the magnification law\nis included, and the ordering behaviour is analyzed. Compared to the original\nSelf-Organizing Map and some other approaches, the generalized Winner Enforcing\nAlgorithm requires minimal extra computations per learning step and is\nconveniently easy to implement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sub-critical and Super-critical Regimes in Epidemic Models of Earthquake\n  Aftershocks: We present an analytical solution and numerical tests of the epidemic-type\naftershock (ETAS) model for aftershocks, which describes foreshocks,\naftershocks and mainshocks on the same footing. The occurrence rate of\naftershocks triggered by a single mainshock decreases with the time from the\nmainshock according to the modified Omori law K/(t+c)^p with p=1+theta. A\nmainshock at time t=0 triggers aftershocks according to the local Omori law,\nthat in turn trigger their own aftershocks and so on. The effective branching\nparameter n, defined as the mean aftershock number triggered per event,\ncontrols the transition between a sub-critical regime n<1 to a super-critical\nregime n>1. In the sub-critical regime, we recover and document the crossover\nfrom an Omori exponent 1-theta for t<t* to 1+theta for t<t* found previously in\n[Sornette and Sornette, 1999a] for a special case of the ETAS model. In the\nsuper-critical regime n>1 and theta>0, we find a novel transition from an Omori\ndecay law with exponent 1-theta fot t<t* to an explosive exponential increase\nof the seismicity rate fot t>t*. The case theta<0 yields an infinite n-value.\nIn this case, we find another characteristic time tau controlling the crossover\nfrom an Omori law with exponent 1-theta for t<tau, similar to the local law, to\nan exponential increase at large times. These results can rationalize many of\nthe stylized facts reported for aftershock and foreshock sequences, such as (i)\nthe suggestion that a small p-value may be a precursor of a large earthquake,\n(ii) the relative seismic quiescence sometimes observed before large\naftershocks, (iii) the positive correlation between b and p-values, (iv) the\nobservation that great earthquakes are sometimes preceded by a decrease of\nb-value and (v) the acceleration of the seismicity preceding great earthquakes.",
        "positive": "Solid-solid phase equilibria in the NaCl-KCl system: Solid solutions, structurally ordered but compositionally disordered\nmixtures, can form for salts, metals, and even organic compounds. The NaCl-KCl\nsystem forms a solid solution at all compositions between 657{\\deg}C and\n505{\\deg}C. Below a critical temperature of 505{\\deg}C, the system exhibits a\nmiscibility gap with coexisting Na-rich and K-rich rocksalt phases. We\ncalculate the phase diagram in this region using the semi-grand canonical Widom\nmethod, which averages over virtual particle transmutations. We verify our\nresults by comparison with free energies calculated from thermodynamic\nintegration and extrapolate the location of the critical point. The\ncalculations reproduce the experimental phase diagram remarkably well and\nillustrate how solid-solid equilibria and chemical potentials, including those\nat metastable conditions, can be computed for materials that form solid\nsolutions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite size Spin Wave theory of the triangular Heisenberg model: We present a finite size spin wave calculation on the Heisenberg\nantiferromagnet on the triangular lattice focusing in particular on the\nlow-energy part of the excitation spectrum. For s=1/2 the good agreement with\nthe exact diagonalization and quantum Monte Carlo results supports the\nreliability of the spin wave expansion to describe the low-energy spin\nexcitations of the Heisenberg model even in presence of frustration. This\nindicates that the spin susceptibility of the triangular antiferromagnet is\nvery close to the linear spin wave result.",
        "positive": "Disorder Driven Lock-In Transitions of CDWs and Related Structures: Thermal fluctuations are known to play an important role in low-dimensional\nsystems which may undergo incommensurate-commensurate or (for an accidentally\ncommensurate wavevector) lock-in transitions. In particular, an intermediate\nfloating phase with algebraically decaying correlations exists only in D=2\ndimensions, whereas in higher dimensions most features of the phase diagram are\nmean-field like.\n  Here we will show, that the introduction of frozen-in disorder leads to\nstrong fluctuation effects even in D<4 dimensions. For commensurate wavevectors\nthe lattice pinning potential dominates always over weak impurity pinning if p\n\\le p_c=6/\\pi (D=3), where p denotes the degeneracy of the commensurate phase.\nFor larger p a disorder driven continuous transition between a long-range\nordered locked-in phase and quasi-long-range ordered phase, dominated by\nimpurity pinning, occurs. Critical exponents of this transition, which is\ncharacterized by a zero temperature fixed point, are calculated within an\nexpansion in 4-D. The generalization to incommensurate wavevectors will be\ndiscussed. If the modulation in the quasi-long-range ordered phase has\nhexagonal symmetry, as e.g.for flux-line lattices, the algebraic decay is\nnon-universal and depends on the Poisson ratio of the elastic constants. Weakly\ndriven transport is dominated by thermally activated creep in both phases, but\nwith different creep exponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Photon density of states for deformed surfaces: A new approach to the Helmholtz spectrum for arbitrarily shaped boundaries\nand a rather general class of boundary conditions is introduced. We derive the\nboundary induced change of the density of states in terms of the free Green's\nfunction from which we obtain both perturbative and non-perturbative results\nfor the Casimir interaction between deformed surfaces. As an example, we\ncompute the lateral electrodynamic Casimir force between two corrugated\nsurfaces over a wide parameter range. Universal behavior, fixed only by the\nlargest wavelength component of the surface shape, is identified at large\nsurface separations. This complements known short distance expansions which are\nalso reproduced.",
        "positive": "Multiphase theory of Lennard-Jones nanofluids and the vaporization and\n  condensation of nanodroplets: Recently there has been growing interest in nanofluids and nanodroplet\nengineering and applications. In this paper we derive a theory of Lennard-Jones\nfluids in multiphase dynamics from the information theoretic approach in\nanalogy to the fully quantum mechanical theory of phase transitions. We derive\nleast biased distributions of the particles and some analytic solutions are\nobtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Force fluctuation in a driven elastic chain: We study the dynamics of an elastic chain driven on a disordered substrate\nand analyze numerically the statistics of force fluctuations at the depinning\ntransition. The probability distribution function of the amplitude of the slip\nevents for small velocities is a power law with an exponent $+AFw-tau$\ndepending on the driving velocity. This result is in qualitative agreement with\nexperimental measurements performed on sliding elastic surfaces with\nmacroscopic asperities. We explore the properties of the depinning transition\nas a function of the driving mode (i.e. constant force or constant velocity)\nand compute the force-velocity diagram using finite size scaling methods. The\nscaling exponents are in excellent agreement with the values expected in\ninterface models and, contrary to previous studies, we found no difference in\nthe exponents for periodic and disordered chains.",
        "positive": "Dynamic fluctuation-dissipation theory for Generalized Langevin\n  Equations: constructive constraints, stability and realizability: Using the initial-value formulation, a dynamic theory for systems evolving\naccording to a Generalized Langevin Equation is developed, providing more\nrestrictive conditions on the existence of equilibrium behavior and its\nfluctuation-dissipation implications. For systems fulfilling the property of\nlocal realizability,\n  that for all the practical purposes corresponds to the postulate of the\nexistence of a Markovian embedding, physical constraints, expressed in the form\nof dissipative stability and stochastic realizability are derived. If these two\nproperties are met, Kubo theory is constructively recovered, while if one of\nthese conditions is violated a thermodynamic equilibrium behavior does not\nexist (and this occurs also for `` well-behaved dissipative systems'' according\nto the classical Kubo theory), with significant implications in the linear\nresponse theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Escape Dynamics of Many Hard Disks: Many-particle effects in escapes of hard disks from a square box via a hole\nare discussed in a viewpoint of dynamical systems. Starting from $N$ disks in\nthe box at the initial time, we calculate the probability $P_{n}(t)$ for at\nleast $n$ disks to remain inside the box at time $t$ for $n=1,2,\\cdots,N$. At\nearly times the probabilities $P_{n}(t)$, $n=2,3,\\cdots,N-1$, are described by\nsuperpositions of exponential decay functions. On the other hand, after a long\ntime the probability $P_{n}(t)$ shows a power-law decay $\\sim t^{-2n}$ for\n$n\\neq 1$, in contrast to the fact that it decays with a different power law\n$\\sim t^{-n}$ for cases without any disk-disk collision. Chaotic or non-chaotic\nproperties of the escape systems are discussed by the dynamics of a finite time\nlargest Lyapunov exponent, whose decay properties are related with those of the\nprobability $P_{n}(t)$.",
        "positive": "\"Thermometers\" of Speculative Frenzy: Establishing unambiguously the existence of speculative bubbles is an\non-going controversy complicated by the need of defining a model of fundamental\nprices. Here, we present a novel empirical method which bypasses all the\ndifficulties of the previous approaches by monitoring external indicators of an\nanomalously growing interest in the public at times of bubbles. From the\ndefinition of a bubble as a self-fulfilling reinforcing price change, we\nidentify indicators of a possible self-reinforcing imitation between agents in\nthe market. We show that during the build-up phase of a bubble, there is a\ngrowing interest in the public for the commodity in question, whether it\nconsists in stocks, diamonds or coins. That interest can be estimated through\ndifferent indicators: increase in the number of books published on the topic,\nincrease in the subscriptions to specialized journals. Moreover, the well-known\nempirical rule according to which the volume of sales is growing during a bull\nmarket finds a natural interpretation in this framework: sales increases in\nfact reveal and pinpoint the progress of the bubble's diffusion throughout\nsociety. We also present a simple model of rational expectation which maps\nexactly onto the Ising model on a random graph. The indicators are then\ninterpreted as ``thermometers'', measuring the balance between idiosyncratic\ninformation (noise temperature) and imitation (coupling) strength. In this\ncontext, bubbles are interpreted as low or critical temperature phases, where\nthe imitation strength carries market prices up essentially independently of\nfundamentals. Contrary to the naive conception of a bubble and a crash as times\nof disorder, on the contrary, we show that bubbles and crashes are times where\nthe concensus is too strong."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarsening Dynamics of a Quasi One-dimensional Driven Lattice Gas: We study domain growth properties of two species of particles executing\nbiased diffusion on a half-filled square lattice, consisting of just two lanes.\nDriven in opposite directions by an external ``electric'' field, the particles\nform clusters due to steric hindrance. While strictly one-dimensional systems\nremain disordered, clusters in our ``quasi 1D'' case grow until only a single\nmacroscopic cluster survives. In the coarsening regime, the average cluster\nsize increases $\\sim t^{0.6}$, significantly faster than in purely\ndiffusion-controlled systems. Remarkably, however, the cluster size\ndistribution displays dynamic scaling, following a form consistent with a\ndiffusion-limited growth mechanism.",
        "positive": "Efficiency of Information Spreading in a population of diffusing agents: We introduce a model for information spreading among a population of N agents\ndiffusing on a square LxL lattice, starting from an informed agent (Source).\nInformation passing from informed to unaware agents occurs whenever the\nrelative distance is < 1. Numerical simulations show that the time required for\nthe information to reach all agents scales as N^{-alpha}L^{beta}, where alpha\nand beta are noninteger. A decay factor z takes into account the degeneration\nof information as it passes from one agent to another; the final average degree\nof information of the population, I_{av}(z), is thus history-dependent. We find\nthat the behavior of I_{av}(z) is non-monotonic with respect to N and L and\ndisplays a set of minima. Part of the results are recovered with analytical\napproximations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generating large disordered stealthy hyperuniform systems with\n  ultra-high accuracy to determine their physical properties: Hyperuniform many-particle systems are characterized by a structure factor\n$S({\\mathbf{k}})$ that is precisely zero as $|\\mathbf{k}|\\rightarrow0$; and\nstealthy hyperuniform systems have $S({\\mathbf{k}})=0$ for the finite range $0\n< |{\\mathbf{k}}| \\le K$, called the \"exclusion region.\" Through a process of\ncollective-coordinate optimization, energy-minimizing disordered stealthy\nhyperuniform systems of moderate size have been made to high accuracy, and\ntheir novel physical properties have shown great promise. However, minimizing\n$S(\\mathbf{k})$ in the exclusion region is computationally intensive as the\nsystem size becomes large. In this Letter, we present an improved methodology\nto generate such states using double-double precision calculations on GPUs that\nreduces the deviations from zero within the exclusion region by a factor of\napproximately $10^{30}$ for systems sizes more than an order of magnitude\nlarger. We further show that this ultra-high accuracy is required to draw\nconclusions about their corresponding characteristics, such as the nature of\nthe associated energy landscape and the presence or absence of Anderson\nlocalization, which might be masked, even when deviations are relatively small.",
        "positive": "Boundary effects on the lattice/continuum correspondence: the spin-1/2\n  XXZ chain and the sine-Gordon model: We derived the corresponding boundary condition on Fermi fields to the\nspin-1/2 Heisenberg chain with boundary magnetic fields. In order to obtain the\ncorrect boundary condition from the variation of the action at the edges, we\ncarefully treat the oscillating terms which emerge as a result of the chiral\ndecomposition of fermions and do not contribute to the bulk Lagrangian. The\nobtained result is checked by compared with the exact result derived from the\nBethe ansatz, by considering the mode expansion of fermions on the light-cone\ncoordinates. We also give the spin-wave interpretation to the emergence of\nboundary bound states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distribution of extremes in the fluctuations of two-dimensional\n  equilibrium interfaces: We investigate the statistics of the maximal fluctuation of two-dimensional\nGaussian interfaces. Its relation to the entropic repulsion between rigid walls\nand a confined interface is used to derive the average maximal fluctuation $<m>\n\\sim \\sqrt{2/(\\pi K)} \\ln N$ and the asymptotic behavior of the whole\ndistribution $P(m) \\sim N^2 e^{-{\\rm (const)} N^2 e^{-\\sqrt{2\\pi K} m} -\n\\sqrt{2\\pi K} m}$ for $m$ finite with $N^2$ and $K$ the interface size and\ntension, respectively. The standardized form of $P(m)$ does not depend on $N$\nor $K$, but shows a good agreement with Gumbel's first asymptote distribution\nwith a particular non-integer parameter. The effects of the correlations among\nindividual fluctuations on the extreme value statistics are discussed in our\nfindings.",
        "positive": "The approach to the analysis of the dynamic of non-equilibrium open\n  systems and irreversibility: The approach to the analysis of the dynamic of non-equilibrium open systems\nwithin the framework of the laws of classical mechanics on the example a\nhard-disks is offered. This approach was based on Hamilton and Liouville\ngeneralized equations which was deduced for the subsystems of the\nnonequilibrium system. With the help of generalized Liouville equation it was\nobtained that two types of dynamics are possible: reversible and irreversible.\nThe connection between the dynamical parameter -generalized field of forces,\nand entropy is established. The estimation of characteristic time of\nestablishment of equilibrium in the thermodynamic limit is realized. It is\nshown how from the condition of irreversibility of a hard-disk system, the\ncondition of irreversibility for the rarefied system of potentially interacting\nparticles follows. The explanation of the mechanism of irreversibility is\nsubmitted."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Zero-range process with long-range interactions at a T-junction: A generalized zero-range process with a limited number of long-range\ninteractions is studied as an example of a transport process in which particles\nat a T-junction make a choice of which branch to take based on traffic levels\non each branch. The system is analysed with a self-consistent mean-field\napproximation which allows phase diagrams to be constructed. Agreement between\nthe analysis and simulations is found to be very good.",
        "positive": "Strong enhancement of current, efficiency and mass separation in\n  Brownian motors driven by non Gaussian noises: We study a Brownian motor driven by a colored non Gaussian noise source with\na $q$-dependent probability distribution, where $q$ is a parameter indicating\nthe departure from Gaussianity. For $q=1$ the noise is Gaussian\n(Ornstein--Uhlenbeck), while, for $q>1$, the probability distribution falls\nlike a power law. In the latter case, we find a marked enhancement of both the\ncurrent and the efficiency of the Brownian motor in the overdamped regime. We\nalso analyze the case with inertia and show that, again for $q > 1$, a\nremarkable increase of the ratchet's mass separation capability is obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Persistence and Quiescence of Seismicity on Fault Systems: We study the statistics of simulated earthquakes in a quasistatic model of\ntwo parallel heterogeneous faults within a slowly driven elastic tectonic\nplate. The probability that one fault remains dormant while the other is active\nfor a time Dt following the previous activity shift is proportional to the\ninverse of Dt to the power 1+x, a result that is robust in the presence of\nannealed noise and strength weakening. A mean field theory accounts for the\nobserved dependence of the persistence exponent x as a function of\nheterogeneity and distance between faults. These results continue to hold if\nthe number of competing faults is increased. This is related to the persistence\nphenomenon discovered in a large variety of systems, which specifies how long a\nrelaxing dynamical system remains in a neighborhood of its initial\nconfiguration. Our persistence exponent is found to vary as a function of\nheterogeneity and distance between faults, thus defining a novel universality\nclass.",
        "positive": "Reversible limit of processes of heat transfer: We study a process of heat transfer between a body of heat capacity C(T) and\na sequence of N heat reservoirs, with temperatures equally spaced between an\ninitial temperature T_0 and a final temperature T_N. The body and the heat\nreservoirs are isolated from the rest of the universe, and the body is brought\nin thermal contact successively with reservoirs of increasing temperature. We\ndetermine the change of entropy of the composite thermodynamic system in the\ntotal process in which the temperature of the body changes from T_0 to T_N. We\nfind that for large values of N the total change of entropy of the composite\nprocess is proportional to (T_N-T_0)/N, but eventually a non-monotonic behavior\nis found at small values of N."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adsorption of a binary mixture of monomers with nearest-neighbour\n  cooperative effects: A model for the adsorption of a binary mixture on a one-dimensional infinite\nlattice with nearest neighbour cooperative effects is considered. The particles\nof the two species are both monomers but differ in the repulsive interaction\nexperienced by them when trying to adsorb. An exact expression for the coverage\nof the lattice is derived. In the jamming limit, it is a monotonic function of\nthe ratio between the attempt frequencies of the two species, varying between\nthe values corresponding to each of the two single species. This is in contrast\nwith the results obtained in other models for the adsorption of particles of\ndifferent sizes. The structure of the jamming state is also investigated.",
        "positive": "Prediction and Power in Molecular Sensors: Uncertainty and Dissipation\n  When Conditionally Markovian Channels Are Driven by Semi-Markov Environments: Sensors often serve at least two purposes: predicting their input and\nminimizing dissipated heat. However, determining whether or not a particular\nsensor is evolved or designed to be accurate and efficient is difficult. This\narises partly from the functional constraints being at cross purposes and\npartly since quantifying the predictive performance of even in silico sensors\ncan require prohibitively long simulations. To circumvent these difficulties,\nwe develop expressions for the predictive accuracy and thermodynamic costs of\nthe broad class of conditionally Markovian sensors subject to unifilar hidden\nsemi-Markov (memoryful) environmental inputs. Predictive metrics include the\ninstantaneous memory and the mutual information between present sensor state\nand input future, while dissipative metrics include power consumption and the\nnonpredictive information rate. Success in deriving these formulae relies\nheavily on identifying the environment's causal states, the input's minimal\nsufficient statistics for prediction. Using these formulae, we study the\nsimplest nontrivial biological sensor model---that of a Hill molecule,\ncharacterized by the number of ligands that bind simultaneously, the sensor's\ncooperativity. When energetic rewards are proportional to total predictable\ninformation, the closest cooperativity that optimizes the total energy budget\ngenerally depends on the environment's past hysteretically. In this way, the\nsensor gains robustness to environmental fluctuations. Given the simplicity of\nthe Hill molecule, such hysteresis will likely be found in more complex\npredictive sensors as well. That is, adaptations that only locally optimize\nbiochemical parameters for prediction and dissipation can lead to sensors that\n\"remember\" the past environment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A standard form of master equations for general non-Markovian jump\n  processes: the Laplace-space embedding framework and asymptotic solution: We present a standard form of master equations (ME) for general\none-dimensional non-Markovian (history-dependent) jump processes, complemented\nby an asymptotic solution derived from an expanded system-size approach. The ME\nis obtained by developing a general Markovian embedding using a suitable set of\nauxiliary field variables. This Markovian embedding uses a Laplace-convolution\noperation applied to the velocity trajectory. We introduce an asymptotic method\ntailored for this ME standard, generalising the system-size expansion for these\njump processes. Under specific stability conditions tied to a single noise\nsource, upon coarse-graining, the Generalized Langevin Equation (GLE) emerges\nas a universal approximate model for point processes in the weak-coupling\nlimit. This methodology offers a unified analytical toolset for general\nnon-Markovian processes, reinforcing the universal applicability of the GLE\nfounded in microdynamics and the principles of statistical physics.",
        "positive": "On the structure pf genealogical trees in the presence of selection: We investigate through numerical simulations the effect of selection on two\nsummary statistics for nucleotide variation in a sample of two genes from a\npopulation of N asexually reproducing haploid individuals. One is the mean time\nsince two individuals had their most recent common ancestor ($\\bar{T_s}$), and\nthe other is the mean number of nucleotide differences between two genes in the\nsample ($\\bar{d_s}$). In the case of diminishing epistasis, in which the\ndeleterious effect of a new mutation is attenuated, we find that the scale of\n$\\bar{d_s}$ with the population size depends on the mutation rate, leading then\nto the onset of a sharp threshold phenomenon as N becomes large."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cooling-rate effects in a model of (ideal?) glass: Using Monte Carlo simulations we study cooling-rate effects in a\nthree-dimensional Ising model with four-spin interaction. During coarsening,\nthis model develops growing energy barriers which at low temperature lead to\nvery slow dynamics. We show that the characteristic zero-temperature length\nincreases very slowly with the inverse cooling rate, similarly to the behaviour\nof ordinary glasses. For computationally accessible cooling rates the model\nundergoes an ideal glassy transition, i.e., the glassy transition for very\nsmall cooling rate coincides a thermodynamic singularity. We also study cooling\nof this model with a certain fraction of spins fixed. Due to such heterogeneous\ncrystalization seeds the final state strongly depends on the cooling rate.Only\nfor sufficiently fast cooling rate does the system end up in a glassy state\nwhile slow cooling inevitably leads to a crystal phase.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium steady states in contact: Approximate thermodynamic\n  structure and zero-th law for driven lattice gases: We explore driven lattice gases for the existence of an intensive\nthermodynamic variable which could determine \"equilibration\" between two\nnonequilibrium steady-state systems kept in weak contact. In simulations, we\nfind that these systems satisfy surprisingly simple thermodynamic laws, such as\nthe zero-th law and the fluctuation-response relation between the\nparticle-number fluctuation and the corresponding susceptibility remarkably\nwell. However at higher densities, small but observable deviations from these\nlaws occur due to nontrivial contact dynamics and the presence of long-range\nspatial correlations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological footprints of the 1D Kitaev chain with long range\n  superconducting pairings at a finite temperature: We study the 1D Kitaev chain with long range superconductive pairing terms at\na finite temperature where the system is prepared in a mixed state in\nequilibrium with a heat reservoir maintained at a constant temperature $T$. In\norder to probe the footprint of the ground state topological behavior of the\nmodel at finite temperature, we look at two global quantities extracted out of\ntwo geometrical constructions: the Uhlmann and the interferometric phase.\nInterestingly, when the long-range effect dominates, the Uhlmann phase approach\nfails to reproduce the topological aspects of the model in the pure state\nlimit; on the other hand, the interferometric phase, though has a proper pure\nstate reduction, shows a behaviour independent of the ambient temperature.",
        "positive": "Casimir amplitudes and capillary condensation of near-critical fluids\n  between parallel plates: Renormalized local functional theory: We investigate the critical behavior of a near-critical fluid confined\nbetween two parallel plates in contact with a reservoir by calculating the\norder parameter profile and the Casimir amplitudes (for the force density and\nfor the grand potential). Our results are applicable to one-component fluids\nand binary mixtures. We assume that the walls absorb one of the fluid\ncomponents selectively for binary mixtures. We propose a renormalized local\nfunctional theory accounting for the fluctuation effects. Analysis is performed\nin the plane of the temperature T and the order parameter in the reservoir\n\\psi_{\\infty} . Our theory is universal if the physical quantities are scaled\nappropriately. If the component favored by the walls is slightly poor in the\nreservoir, there appears a line of first-order phase transition of capillary\ncondensation outside the bulk coexistence curve. The excess adsorp- tion\nchanges discontinuously between condensed and noncondensed states at the\ntransition. With increasing T, the transition line ends at a capillary critical\npoint T = T_c^{ca} slightly lower than the bulk critical temperature T_c. The\nCasimir amplitudes are larger than their critical-point values by 10-100 times\nbetween the transition line and the bulk coexistence curve and slightly above\nthe capillary critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Logarithmic negativity of the 1D antiferromagnetic spin-1 Heisenberg\n  model with single-ion anisotropy: We study the 1D antiferromagnetic spin-1 Heisenberg XXX model with external\nmagnetic field B and single-ion anisotropy D on finite chains. We determine the\nnearest and non-nearest neighbor logarithmic entanglement LN. Our main result\nis the disappearance of LN both for nearest and non-nearest neighbor\n(next-nearest and next-next-nearest) sites at zero temperature and for low\ntemperature states. Such disappearance occurs at a critical value of B and D.\nThe resulting phase diagram for the behaviour of LN is discussed in the B - D\nplane, including a separating line - ending in a triple point - where the\nenergy density is independent on the size. Finally, results for LN at finite\ntemperature as a function of B and D are presented and commented.",
        "positive": "Probabilistic Approach to Time-Dependent Load-Transfer Models of\n  Fracture: A probabilistic method for solving time-dependent load-transfer models of\nfracture is developed. It is applicable to any rule of load redistribution,\ni.e, local, hierarchical, etc. In the new method, the fluctuations are\ngenerated during the breaking process (annealed randomness) while in the usual\nmethod, the random lifetimes are fixed at the beginning (quenched disorder).\nBoth approaches are equivalent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Roughness Scaling of Deconstruction Interfaces: The scaling properties of one-dimensional deconstructed surfaces are studied\nby numerical simulations of a disaggregation model.\n  The model presented here for the disaggregation process takes into account\nthe possibility of having quenched disorder in the bulk under deconstruction.\nThe disorder can be considered to model several types of irregularities\nappearing in real materials (dislocations, impurities). The presence of\nirregularities makes the intensity of the attack to be not uniform. In order to\ninclude this effect, the computational bulk is considered to be composed by two\ntypes of particles. Those particles which can be easily detached and other\nparticles that are not sensible to the etching attack. As the detachment of\nparticles proceeds in time, the dynamical properties of the rough interface are\nstudied. The resulting one-dimensional surface show self-affine properties and\nthe values of the scaling exponents are reported when the interface is still\nmoving near the depinning transition. According to the scaling exponents\npresented here, the model must be considered to belong to a new universality\nclass.",
        "positive": "Exact Models for Symmetry-Protected Topological Phases in One Dimension: We present an exactly solvable model for one-dimensional symmetry-protected\ntopological phases with $\\mathbb{Z}_N\\times\\mathbb{Z}_N$ symmetry. The model\nworks by binding point topological defects (domain walls) of one symmetry to\ncharges of the other and condensing these bound states. Binding single\ntopological defects to charges leads to symmetry-protected topological phases,\nwhile binding multiple topological defects to charges leads to phases with a\ncombination of symmetry-breaking and topological properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical density functional theory for circle swimmers: The majority of studies on self-propelled particles and microswimmers\nconcentrates on objects that do not feature a deterministic bending of their\ntrajectory. However, perfect axial symmetry is hardly found in reality, and\nshape-asymmetric active microswimmers tend to show a persistent curvature of\ntheir trajectories. Consequently, we here present a particle-scale statistical\napproach of circle-swimmer suspensions in terms of a dynamical density\nfunctional theory. It is based on a minimal microswimmer model and,\nparticularly, includes hydrodynamic interactions between the swimmers. After\nderiving the theory, we numerically investigate a planar example situation of\nconfining the swimmers in a circularly symmetric potential trap. There, we find\nthat increasing curvature of the swimming trajectories can reverse the\nqualitative effect of active drive. More precisely, with increasing curvature,\nthe swimmers less effectively push outwards against the confinement, but\ninstead form high-density patches in the center of the trap. We conclude that\nthe circular motion of the individual swimmers has a localizing effect, also in\nthe presence of hydrodynamic interactions. Parts of our results could be\nconfirmed experimentally, for instance, using suspensions of L-shaped circle\nswimmers of different aspect ratio.",
        "positive": "Imitation and contrarian behavior: hyperbolic bubbles, crashes and chaos: Imitative and contrarian behaviors are the two typical opposite attitudes of\ninvestors in stock markets. We introduce a simple model to investigate their\ninterplay in a stock market where agents can take only two states, bullish or\nbearish. Each bullish (bearish) agent polls m \"friends'' and changes her\nopinion to bearish (bullish) if there is (1) either a majority of bearish\nagents or (2) too strong a majority of bullish agents. The condition (1) (resp.\n(2)) corresponds to imitative (resp. antagonistic) behavior. In the limit where\nthe number N of agents is infinite, the dynamics of the fraction of bullish\nagents is deterministic and exhibits chaotic behavior in a significant domain\nof the parameter space of the model. A typical chaotic trajectory is\ncharacterized by intermittent phases of chaos, quasi-periodic behavior and\nsuper-exponentially growing bubbles followed by crashes. A typical bubble\nstarts initially by growing at an exponential rate and then crosses over to a\nnonlinear power law growth rate leading to a finite-time singularity. The\nreinjection mechanism provided by the contrarian behavior introduces a\nfinite-size effect, rounding off these singularities and leads to chaos. We\ndocument the main stylized facts of this model in the symmetric and asymmetric\ncases. This model is one of the rare agent-based models that give rise to\ninteresting non-periodic complex dynamics in the ``thermodynamic'' limit (of an\ninfinite number N of agents). We also discuss the case of a finite number of\nagents, which introduces an endogenous source of noise superimposed on the\nchaotic dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Flashing annihilation term of a logistic kinetic as a mechanism leading\n  to Pareto distributions: It is shown analytically that the flashing annihilation term of a Verhulst\nkinetic leads to the power--law distribution in the stationary state. For the\nfrequency of switching slower than twice the free growth rate this provides the\nquasideterministic source of a Levy noises at the macroscopic level.",
        "positive": "Polymer dynamics in time-dependent periodic potentials: Dynamics of a discrete polymer in time-dependent external potentials is\nstudied with the master equation approach. We consider both stochastic and\ndeterministic switching mechanisms for the potential states and give the\nessential equations for computing the stationary state properties of molecules\nwith internal structure in time-dependent periodic potentials on a lattice. As\nan example, we consider standard and modified Rubinstein-Duke polymers and\ncalculate their mean drift and effective diffusion coefficient in the two-state\nnon-symmetric flashing potential and symmetric traveling potential. Rich\nnon-linear behavior of these observables is found. By varying the polymer\nlength, we find current inversions caused by the rebound effect that is only\npresent for molecules with internal structure. These results depend strongly on\nthe polymer type. We also notice increased transport coherence for longer\npolymers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Nernst heat theorem for nonequilibrium jump processes: We discuss via general arguments and examples when and why the steady\nnonequilibrium heat capacity vanishes with temperature. The framework is the\none of Markov jump processes on finite connected graphs where the condition of\nlocal detailed balance allows to identify the heat fluxes, and where the\ndiscreteness more easily enables sufficient nondegeneracy of the stationary\ndistribution at absolute zero, as under equilibrium. However, for the\nnonequilibrium extension of the Third Law, a dynamic condition is needed as\nwell: the low-temperature dynamical activity and accessibility of the dominant\nstate must remain sufficiently high so that relaxation times do not start to\ndramatically differ between different initial states. It suffices in fact that\nthe relaxation times do not exceed the dissipation time.",
        "positive": "Finite-temperature quantum discordant criticality: In quantum statistical mechanics, finite-temperature phase transitions are\ntypically governed by classical field theories. In this context, the role of\nquantum correlations is unclear: recent contributions have shown how\nentanglement is typically very short-ranged, and thus uninformative about\nlong-ranged critical correlations. In this work, we show the existence of\nfinite-temperature phase transitions where a broader form of quantum\ncorrelation than entanglement, the entropic quantum discord, can display\ngenuine signatures of critical behavior. We consider integrable bosonic field\ntheories in both two- and three-dimensional lattices, and show how the two-mode\nGaussian discord decays algebraically with the distance even in cases where the\nentanglement negativity vanishes beyond nearest-neighbor separations.\nSystematically approaching the zero-temperature limit allows us to connect\ndiscord to entanglement, drawing a generic picture of quantum correlations and\ncritical behavior that naturally describes the transition between entangled and\ndiscordant quantum matter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Attraction Between Like-Charge Surfaces in Polar Mixtures: We examine the force between two charged surfaces immersed in aqueous\nmixtures having a coexistence curve. For a homogeneous water-poor phase, as the\ndistance between the surfaces is decreased, a water-rich phase condenses at a\ndistance $D_t$ in the range 1-100nm. At this distance the osmotic pressure can\nbecome negative leading to a long-range attraction between the surfaces. The\nosmotic pressure vanishes at a distance $D_e<D_t$, representing a very deep\nmetastable or globally stable energetic state. We give analytical and numerical\nresults for $D_t$ and $D_e$ on the Poisson-Boltzmann level.",
        "positive": "Persistent memory in athermal systems in deformable energy landscapes: We show that memory can be encoded in a model amorphous solid subjected to\nathermal oscillatory shear deformations, and in an analogous spin model with\ndisordered interactions, sharing the feature of a deformable energy landscape.\nWhen these systems are subjected to oscillatory shear deformation, they retain\nmemory of the deformation amplitude imposed in the training phase, when the\namplitude is below a \"localization\" threshold. Remarkably, multiple,\npersistent, memories can be stored using such an athermal, noise-free,\nprotocol. The possibility of such memory is shown to be linked to the presence\nof plastic deformations and associated limit cycles traversed by the system,\nwhich exhibit avalanche statistics also seen in related contexts."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise induced dynamics in adaptive networks with applications to\n  epidemiology: Recent work in modeling the coupling between disease dynamics and dynamic\nsocial network geometry has led to the examination of how human interactions\nforce a rewiring of connections in a population. Rewiring of the network may be\nconsidered an adaptive response to social forces due to disease spread, which\nin turn feeds back to the disease dynamics. Such epidemic models, called\nadaptive networks, have led to new dynamical instabilities along with the\ncreation of multiple attracting states. The co-existence of several attractors\nis sensitive to internal and external fluctuations, and leads to enhanced\nstochastic oscillatory outbreaks and disease extinction. The aim of this paper\nis to explore the bifurcations of adaptive network models in the presence of\nfluctuations and to review some of the new fluctuation phenomena induced in\nadaptive networks.",
        "positive": "Oscillatory Behavior of Critical Amplitudes of the Gaussian Model on a\n  Hierarchical Structure: We studied oscillatory behavior of critical amplitudes for the Gaussian model\non a hierarchical structure presented by a modified Sierpinski gasket lattice.\nThis model is known to display non-standard critical behavior on the lattice\nunder study. The leading singular behavior of the correlation length $\\xi$ near\nthe critical coupling $K=K_c$ is modulated by a function which is periodic in\n$\\ln|\\ln(K_c-K)|$. We have also shown that the common finite-size scaling\nhypothesis, according to which for a finite system at criticality $\\xi$ should\nbe of the order of the size of system, is not applicable in this case. As a\nconsequence of this, the exact form of the leading singular behavior of $\\xi$\ndiffers from the one described earlier (which was based on the finite-size\nscaling assumption)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Heat Diffusion: Consider anomalous energy spread in solid phases, i.e., $MSD= \\int (x -{< x\n>}_E)^2 \\rho_E(x,t)dx \\propto t^{\\beta}$, as induced by a small initial excess\nenergy perturbation distribution $\\rho_{E}(x,t=0)$ away from equilibrium. The\nassociated total thermal equilibrium heat flux autocorrelation function\n$C_{JJ}(t)$ is shown to obey rigorously the intriguing relation, $d^2 MSD/dt^2\n= 2C_{JJ}(t)/(k_BT^2c)$, where $c$ is the specific volumetric heat capacity.\nIts integral assumes a time-local Helfand-moment relation; i.e. $\ndMSD/dt|_{t=t_s} = 2/(k_BT^2c)\\int_0^{t_s} C_{JJ}(s)ds$, where the chosen\ncut-off time $t_s$ is determined by the maximal signal velocity for heat\ntransfer. Given the premise that the averaged nonequilibrium heat flux is\ngoverned by an anomalous heat conductivity, energy diffusion scaling\nnecessarily determines a corresponding anomalous thermal conductivity scaling\nbehavior.",
        "positive": "The phase transition in the anisotropic Heisenberg model with long range\n  dipolar interactions: In this work we have used extensive Monte Carlo calculations to study the\nplanar to paramagnetic phase transition in the two-dimensional anisotropic\nHeisenberg model with dipolar interactions (AHd) considering the true\nlong-range character of the dipolar interactions by means of the Ewald\nsummation. Our results are consistent with an order-disorder phase transition\nwith unusual critical exponents in agreement with our previous results for the\nPlanar Rotator model with dipolar interactions. Nevertheless, our results\ndisagrees with the Renormalization Group results of Maier and Schwabl [PRB, 70,\n134430 (2004)] and the results of Rapini et. al. [PRB, 75, 014425 (2007)],\nwhere the AHd was studied using a cut-off in the evaluation of the dipolar\ninteractions. We argue that besides the long-range character of dipolar\ninteractions their anisotropic character may have a deeper effect in the system\nthan previously believed. Besides, our results shows that the use of a cut-off\nradius in the evaluation of dipolar interactions must be avoided when analyzing\nthe critical behavior of magnetic systems, since it may lead to erroneous\nresults."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "InfoCGAN Classification of 2-Dimensional Square Ising Configurations: An InfoCGAN neural network is trained on 2-dimensional square Ising\nconfigurations conditioned on the external applied magnetic field and the\ntemperature. The network is composed of two main sub-networks. The generator\nnetwork learns to generate convincing Ising configurations and the\ndiscriminator network learns to discriminate between \"real\" and \"fake\"\nconfigurations with an additional categorical assignment prediction provided by\nan auxiliary network. Some of the predicted categorical assignments show\nagreement with the expected physical phases in the Ising model, the\nferromagnetic spin-up and spin down phases as well as the high temperature weak\nexternal field phase. Additionally, configurations associated with the\ncrossover phenomena are predicted by the model. The classification\nprobabilities allow for a robust method of estimating the critical temperature\nin the vanishing field case, showing exceptional agreement with the known\nphysics. This work indicates that a representation learning approach using an\nadversarial neural network can be used to identify categories that strongly\nresemble physical phases with no a priori information beyond raw physical\nconfigurations and the physical conditions they are subject to.",
        "positive": "Fluctuations and correlations in chemical reaction kinetics and\n  population dynamics: This chapter provides a pedagogical introduction and overview of spatial and\ntemporal correlation and fluctuation effects resulting from the fundamentally\nstochastic kinetics underlying chemical reactions and the dynamics of\npopulations or epidemics. After reviewing the assumptions and mean-field type\napproximations involved in the construction of chemical rate equations for\nuniform reactant densities, we first discuss spatial clustering in birth-death\nsystems, where non-linearities are introduced through either density-limiting\npair reactions, or equivalently via local imposition of finite carrying\ncapacities. The competition of offspring production, death, and non-linear\ninhibition induces a population extinction threshold, which represents a\nnon-equilibrium phase transition that separates active from absorbing states.\nThis continuous transition is characterized by the universal scaling exponents\nof critical directed percolation clusters. Next we focus on the emergence of\ndepletion zones in single-species annihilation processes and spatial population\nsegregation with the associated reaction fronts in two-species pair\nannihilation. These strong (anti-)correlation effects are dynamically generated\nby the underlying stochastic kinetics. Finally, we address noise-induced and\nfluctuation-stabilized spatio-temporal patterns in basic predator-prey systems,\nexemplified by spreading activity fronts in the two-species Lotka-Volterra\nmodel as well as spiral structures in the May-Leonard variant of cyclically\ncompeting three-species systems akin to rock-paper-scissors games."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strongly reduced gap in the zigzag spin chain with a ferromagnetic\n  interchain coupling: We study a spin 1/2 Heisenberg zigzag spin chain model near decoupled two\nchains. Taking into account a symmetry breaking perturbation, we discuss the\nexistence of an energy gap in the ferromagnetic interchain coupling as well as\nthe antiferromagnetic one. In the ferromagnetic model, a marginally relevant\nfixed line reduces the gap strongly, so that the correlation length becomes an\nastronomical length scale even in order 1 coupling. This result agrees with\ndensity matrix renormalization group results.",
        "positive": "Universal correlators and distributions as experimental signatures of\n  2+1 Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth: We examine height-height correlations in the transient growth regime of the\n2+1 Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class, with a particular focus on\nthe {\\it spatial covariance} of the underlying two-point statistics,\nhigher-dimensional analog of the 1+1 KPZ Class Airy$_1$ process. Making\ncomparison to AFM kinetic roughening data in 2d organic thin films, we use our\nuniversal 2+1 KPZ spatial covariance to extract key scaling parameters for this\nexperimental system. Additionally, we explore the i) height, ii) local\nroughness, and iii) extreme value distributions characteristic of these\noligomer films, finding compelling agreement in all instances with our\nnumerical integration of the KPZ equation itself. Finally, investigating\nnonequilibrium relaxation phenomena exhibited by 2+1 KPZ Class models, we have\nunearthed a universal KPZ ageing kinetics. In experiments with ample data in\nthe time domain, our 2+1 KPZ Euler {\\it temporal covariance} will allow a\nquick, independent estimate of the central KPZ scaling parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A unified description of Surface Free Energy and Surface Stress: Even though the study of interfacial phenomena dates back to Laplace and was\nformalised by Gibbs, it appears that some concepts and relations among them are\nstill causing some confusion and debates in the literature, particularly for\ninterfaces involving solids. Moreover, ever since the Molecular Dynamics (MD)\nsimulations have started to be widely used in the study of surface properties,\nthese debates only intensified. In this work, we present a systematic\ndescription of the interfacial properties from the thermodynamic and\nstatistical mechanics points of view. In particular, we link our derivations to\nMD simulations, describing precisely what different quantities represent and\nhow they can be calculated. We do not follow the usual way that consists of\ndescribing the thermodynamics of the surfaces in general and then considering\nspecific cases (e.g. liquid-liquid interface, liquid-solid interface). Instead,\nwe present our analysis of various properties of surfaces in a hierarchical\nway, starting with the simplest case that we have identified: a single\ncomponent liquid-vacuum interface, and then adding more and more complications\nwhen we progress to more complex interfaces involving solids. We propose that\nthe term \"surface tension\" should not be used in the description of surfaces\nand interfaces involving solids, since its meaning is ambiguous. Only \"Surface\nFree Energy\" and \"Surface Stress\" are well defined and represent distinct, but\nrelated, properties of the interfaces. We demonstrate that these quantities, as\ndefined in thermodynamics and measured in MD simulations, satisfy the\nShuttleworth equation.",
        "positive": "Bose-Einstein condensation and critical behavior of two-component\n  bosonic gases: We study Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in three-dimensional two-component\nbosonic gases, characterizing the universal behaviors of the critical modes\narising at the BEC transitions. For this purpose, we use field-theoretical (FT)\nrenormalization-group (RG) methods and perform mean-field and numerical\ncalculations. The FT RG analysis is based on the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson Phi4\ntheory with two complex scalar fields which has the same symmetry as the\nbosonic system. In particular, for identical bosons with exchange Z_2,e\nsymmetry, coupled by effective density-density interactions, the global\nsymmetry is Z_2e X U(1) X U(1). At the BEC transition it may break into Z_2,e X\nZ_2 X Z_2 when both components condense simultaneously, or to U(1) X Z_2 when\nonly one component condenses. This implies different universality classes for\nthe corresponding critical behaviors. Numerical simulations of the\ntwo-component Bose-Hubbard model in the hard-core limit support the RG\nprediction: when both components condense simultaneously, the critical behavior\nis controlled by a decoupled XY fixed point, with unusual slowly-decaying\nscaling corrections arising from the on-site inter-species interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy of polydisperse chains: solution on the Husimi lattice: We consider the entropy of polydisperse chains placed on a lattice. In\nparticular, we study a model for equilibrium polymerization, where the\npolydispersivity is determined by two activities, for internal and endpoint\nmonomers of a chain. We solve the problem exactly on a Husimi lattice built\nwith squares and with arbitrary coordination number, obtaining an expression\nfor the entropy as a function of the density of monomers and mean molecular\nweight of the chains. We compare this entropy with the one for the monodisperse\ncase, and find that the excess of entropy due to polydispersivity is identical\nto the one obtained for the one-dimensional case. Finally, we obtain a\ndistribution of molecular weights with a rather complex behavior, but which\nbecomes exponential for very large mean molecular weight of the chains, as\nrequired by scaling properties which should apply in this limit.",
        "positive": "Critical behavior of n-vector model with quenched randomness: We consider the Ginzburg-Landau phase transition model with O(n) symmetry\n(i.e., the n-vector model) which includes a quenched randomness, i.e., a random\ntemperature disorder. We have proven rigorously that within the diagrammatic\nperturbation theory the quenched randomness does not change the critical\nexponents at n tending to 0, which is in contrast to the conventional point of\nview based on the perturbative renormalization group theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Revisiting weak measurement in light of thermodynamics: We investigate a weak measurement described by a von Neumann type interaction\n$\\hat{A}\\otimes \\hat{p}^2$, where $\\hat{A}$ is a system observable and\n$\\hat{p}^2$ is a measurement pointer observable. We consider the weak\nmeasurement in terms of thermodynamics by adopting a mixed Gaussian state as a\nquantum state of the measurement pointer. We show that Maxwell's demon appears\nas a measure who carries out post-selections. It is found that, even if the\ndemon only knows the weak value, a difference in the von Neumann entropy\nbetween the initial and final system can be the QC mutual information contents,\nwhich is the maximum amount of obtainable information by a measurement.\nBesides, our study indicates that a temperature of the system described by this\ninteraction is amplified by weak value amplification. In addition, we show that\nthis demon can be realized in an atomic system.",
        "positive": "A nonequilibrium system on a restricted scale-free network: The nonequilibrium Ising model on a restricted scale-free network has been\nstudied with one- and two-spin flip competing dynamics employing Monte Carlo\nsimulations. The dynamics present in the system can be defined by the\nprobability $q$ in which the one-spin flip process simulate the contact with a\nheat bath at a given temperature $T$, and with a probability ($1-q$) the\ntwo-spin flip process mimics the system subjected to an external flux of energy\ninto it. The system network is described by a power-law degree distribution in\nthe form $P(k)\\sim k^{-\\alpha}$, and the restriction is made by fixing the\nmaximum, $k_{m}$, and minimum, $k_{0}$, degree on distribution for the whole\nnetwork size. This restriction keeps finite the second and fourth moment of\ndegree distribution, allowing us to obtain a finite critical point for any\nvalue of $\\alpha$. For these critical points, we have calculated the\nthermodynamic quantities of the system, such as, the total ${m}_{N}^{F}$ and\nstaggered ${m}_{N}^{AF}$ magnetizations per spin, susceptibility $\\chi_{N}$,\nand reduced fourth-order Binder cumulant ${U}_{N}$, for several values of\nlattice size $N$ and exponent $1\\le\\alpha\\le5$. Therefore, the phase diagram\nwas built and a self-organization phenomena is observed from the transitions\nbetween antiferromagnetic AF to paramagnetic P, and P to ferromagnetic F\nphases. Using the finite-size scaling theory, we also obtained the critical\nexponents for the system, and a mean-field critical behavior is observed,\nexhibiting the same universality class of the system on the equilibrium and out\nof it."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The geometry of thermodynamic control: A deeper understanding of nonequilibrium phenomena is needed to reveal the\nprinciples governing natural and synthetic molecular machines. Recent work has\nshown that when a thermodynamic system is driven from equilibrium then, in the\nlinear response regime, the space of controllable parameters has a Riemannian\ngeometry induced by a generalized friction tensor. We exploit this geometric\ninsight to construct closed-form expressions for minimal-dissipation protocols\nfor a particle diffusing in a one dimensional harmonic potential, where the\nspring constant, inverse temperature, and trap location are adjusted\nsimultaneously. These optimal protocols are geodesics on the Riemannian\nmanifold, and reveal that this simple model has a surprisingly rich geometry.\nWe test these optimal protocols via a numerical implementation of the\nFokker-Planck equation and demonstrate that the friction tensor arises\nnaturally from a first order expansion in temporal derivatives of the control\nparameters, without appealing directly to linear response theory.",
        "positive": "Zero temperature dynamics of Ising model on a densely connected small\n  world network: The zero temperature quenching dynamics of the ferromagnetic Ising model on a\ndensely connected small world network is studied where long range bonds are\nadded randomly with a finite probability $p$. We find that in contrast to the\nsparsely connected networks and random graph, there is no freezing and an\ninitial random configuration of the spins reaches the equilibrium configuration\nwithin a very few Monte Carlo time steps in the thermodynamic limit for any $p\n\\ne 0$. The residual energy and the number of spins flipped at any time shows\nan exponential relaxation to equilibrium. The persistence probability is also\nstudied and it shows a saturation within a few time steps, the saturation value\nbeing 0.5 in the thermodynamic limit. These results are explained in the light\nof the topological properties of the network which is highly clustered and has\na novel small world behaviour."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The ground state energy of the Edwards-Anderson spin glass model with a\n  parallel tempering Monte Carlo algorithm: We study the efficiency of parallel tempering Monte Carlo technique for\ncalculating true ground states of the Edwards-Anderson spin glass model.\nBimodal and Gaussian bond distributions were considered in two and\nthree-dimensional lattices. By a systematic analysis we find a simple formula\nto estimate the values of the parameters needed in the algorithm to find the GS\nwith a fixed average probability. We also study the performance of the\nalgorithm for single samples, quantifying the difference between samples where\nthe GS is hard, or easy, to find. The GS energies we obtain are in good\nagreement with the values found in the literature. Our results show that the\nperformance of the parallel tempering technique is comparable to more powerful\nheuristics developed to find the ground state of Ising spin glass systems.",
        "positive": "Configurations of polymers attached to probes: We study polymers attached to spherical (circular) or paraboloidal\n(parabolic) probes in three (two) dimensions. Both self-avoiding and random\nwalks are examined numerically. The behavior of a polymer of size $R_0$\nattached to the tip of a probe with radius of curvature $R$, differs\nqualitatively for large and small values of the ratio $s=R_0/R$. We demonstrate\nthat the scaled compliance (inverse force constant) $S/R_0^2$, and scaled mean\nposition of the polymer end-point $<x_\\perp>/R$ can be expressed as a function\nof $s$. Scaled compliance is anisotropic, and quite large in the direction\nparallel to the surface when $R_0\\sim R$. The exponent $\\gamma$, characterizing\nthe number of polymer configurations, crosses over from a value of $\\gamma_1$ -\ncharacteristic of a planar boundary - at small $s$ to one reflecting the\noverall shape of the probe at large $s$. For a spherical probe the crossover is\nto an unencumbered polymer, while for a parabolic probe we cannot rule out a\nnew exponent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-passage-time statistics of a Brownian particle driven by an\n  arbitrary unidimensional potential with a superimposed exponential\n  time-dependent drift: In one-dimensional systems, the dynamics of a Brownian particle are governed\nby the force derived from a potential as well as by diffusion properties. In\nthis work, we obtain the first-passage-time statistics of a Brownian particle\ndriven by an arbitrary potential with an exponential temporally decaying\nsuperimposed field up to a prescribed threshold. The general system analyzed\nhere describes the sub-threshold signal integration of integrate-and-fire\nneuron models, of any kind, supplemented by an adaptation-like current, whereas\nthe first-passage-time corresponds to the declaration of a spike. Following our\nprevious studies, we base our analysis on the backward Fokker Planck equation\nand study the survival probability and the first-passage-time density function\nin the space of the initial condition. By proposing a series solution we obtain\na system of recurrence equations, which given the specific structure of the\nexponential time-dependent drift, easily admit a simpler Laplace\nrepresentation. Naturally, the present general derivation agrees with the\nexplicit solution we found previously for the Wiener process in (2012 JPhysA 45\n185001). However, to demonstrate the generality of the approach, we further\nexplicitly evaluate the first-passage-time statistics of the underlying\nOrnstein Uhlenbeck process. To test the validity of the series solution, we\nextensively compare theoretical expressions with the data obtained from\nnumerical simulations in different regimes. As shown, agreement is precise\nwhenever the series is truncated at an appropriate order. Beyond the fact that\nboth the Wiener and Ornstein Uhlenbeck processes have a direct interpretation\nin the context of neuronal models, given their ubiquity in different fields,\nour present results will be of interest in other settings where an additive\nstate-independent temporal relaxation process is being developed as the\nparticle diffuses.",
        "positive": "A renormalization group study of the dynamics of active membranes:\n  universality classes and scaling laws: Motivated by experimental observations of patterning at the leading edge of\nmotile eukaryotic cells, we introduce a general model for the dynamics of\nnearly-flat fluid membranes driven from within by an ensemble of activators. We\ninclude, in particular, a kinematic coupling between activator density and\nmembrane slope which generically arises whenever the membrane has a\nnon-vanishing normal speed. We unveil the phase diagram of the model by means\nof a perturbative field-theoretical renormalization group analysis. Due to the\naforementioned kinematic coupling the natural dynamical scaling is acoustic,\nthat is the dynamical critical exponent is 1. However, as soon as the the\nnormal velocity of the membrane is tuned to zero, the system crosses over to\ndiffusive dynamic scaling in mean field. Distinct critical points can be\nreached depending on how the limit of vanishing velocity is realised: in each\nof them corrections to scaling due to nonlinear coupling terms must be taken\ninto accounts. The detailed analysis of these critical points reveals novel\nscaling regimes wich can be accessed with perturbative methods, together with\nsigns of strong coupling behaviour, which establishes a promising ground for\nfurther non-perturbative calculations. Our results unify several previous\nstudies on the dynamics of active membrane, while also identifying nontrivial\nscaling regimes which cannot be captured by passive theories of fluctuating\ninterfaces and are relevant for the physics of living membranes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation Effects in Ultracold Two-Dimensional Bose Gases: We study various properties of an ultracold two-dimensional (2D) Bose gas\nthat are beyond a mean-field description. We first derive the effective\ninteraction for such a system as realized in current experiments, which\nrequires the use of an energy dependent $T$-matrix. Using this result, we then\nsolve the mean-field equation of state of the modified Popov theory, and\ncompare it with the usual Hartree-Fock theory. We show that even though the\nformer theory does not suffer from infrared divergences in both the normal and\nsuperfluid phases, there is an unphysical density discontinuity close to the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. We then improve upon the mean-field\ndescription by using a renormalization group approach and show how the density\ndiscontinuity is resolved. The flow equations in two dimensions, in particular,\nof the symmetry-broken phase, already contain some unique features pertinent to\nthe 2D XY model, even though vortices have not been included explicitly. We\nalso compute various many-body correlators, and show that correlation effects\nbeyond the Hartree-Fock theory are important already in the normal phase as\ncriticality is approached. We finally extend our results to the inhomogeneous\ncase of a trapped Bose gas using the local-density approximation and show that\nclose to criticality, the renormalization group approach is required for the\naccurate determination of the density profile.",
        "positive": "Intermittent relaxation in hierarchical energy landscapes: We numerically simulate a thermalization process in an energy landscape with\nhierarchically organized metastable states. The initial configuration is chosen\nto have a large energy excess, relative to the thermal equilibrium value at the\nrunning temperature. We show that the initial energy surplus is dissipated in a\nseries of intermittent bursts, or quakes, whose rate decreases as the inverse\nof the age of the system. In addition, one observes energy fluctuations with a\nzero centered Gaussian distribution. These pertain to the pseudo equilibrium\ndynamics within a single metastable state, and do not contribute to the energy\ndissipation. The derivative of the thermal energy with respect to the logarithm\nof time is asymptotically constant, and comprises a temperature independent\npart, and a part with an Arrhenius temperature dependence. The findings closely\nmirror recent numerical simulation results obtained for microscopic glassy\nmodels. For these models, record-sized energy fluctuations have been claimed to\ntrigger intermittent events during low temperature thermalization. In the\npresent model record-sized fluctuations are by construction needed to trigger\nchanges from one metastable state to another. This property thus suffices to\nexplain the statistical property of intermittent energy flow in complex\nmetastable systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solutions of temperature-dependent Smoluchowski equations: We report a number of exact solutions for temperature-dependent Smoluchowski\nequations. These equations quantify the ballistic agglomeration, where the\nevolution of densities of agglomerates of different size is entangled with the\nevolution of the mean kinetic energy (partial temperatures) of such clusters.\nThe obtained exact solutions may be used as a benchmark to assess the accuracy\nand computational efficiency of the numerical approaches, developed to solve\nthe temperature-dependent Smoluchowski equations. Moreover, they may also\nillustrate the possible evolution regimes in these systems. The exact solutions\nhave been obtained for a series of model rate coefficients, and we demonstrate\nthat there may be an infinite number of such model coefficient which allow\nexact analysis. We compare our exact solutions with the numerical solutions for\nvarious evolution regimes; an excellent agreement between numerical and exact\nresults proves the accuracy of the exploited numerical method.",
        "positive": "Misconceptions about quantifying animal encounter and interaction\n  processes: Quantifying animal interactions is crucial for understanding various\necological processes, including social community structures, predator-prey\ndynamics, spreading of pathogens and information. Despite the ubiquity of\ninteraction processes among animals and the advancements in tracking\ntechnologies enabling simultaneous monitoring of multiple individuals, a common\ntheoretical framework to analyse movement data is still lacking. The diverse\nmechanisms governing how organisms perceive the proximity of others have led to\nspecies-specific theoretical approaches, hindering a common currency with which\nto evaluate and compare findings across taxa. We propose a general framework,\nborrowing tools from statistical physics, specifically from the theory of\nreaction diffusion processes. While some of these tools have been employed to\npredict pathogen transmission events, they have not yet pervaded the movement\necology literature. Using both continuous and discrete variables, we\ndemonstrate the suitability of our framework to study interaction processes.\nDefining interactions as the transfer of information between individuals, we\nshow that the probability of information transfer for the first time is\nequivalent to the first-passage probability of reacting in a multi-target\nenvironment. As interaction events reduce to encounter events for perfectly\nefficient information transfer, we compare our formalism to a recent approach\nthat takes the joint occupation probability of two animals over a region of\ninteraction as a measure of the encounter probability, rather than the\nfirst-encounter probability. We show the discrepancy between the two approaches\nby comparing analytically their predictions with continuous variables, while\nwith discrete variables we quantify their difference over time. We conclude by\npointing to some of the open problems that reaction diffusion formalism might\nbe able to tackle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady State of microemulsions in shear flow: Steady-state properties of microemulsions in shear flow are studied in the\ncontext of a Ginzburg-Landau free-energy approach. Explicit expressions are\ngiven for the structure factor and the time correlation function at the one\nloop level of approximation. Our results predict a four-peak pattern for the\nstructure factor, implying the simultaneous presence of interfaces aligned with\ntwo different orientations.\n  Due to the peculiar interface structure a non-monotonous relaxation of the\ntime correlator is also found.",
        "positive": "Relaxation of dynamically prepared out-of-equilibrium initial states\n  within and beyond linear response theory: We consider a realistic nonequilibrium protocol, where a quantum system in\nthermal equilibrium is suddenly subjected to an external force. Due to this\nforce, the system is driven out of equilibrium and the expectation values of\ncertain observables acquire a dependence on time. Eventually, upon switching\noff the external force, the system unitarily evolves under its own Hamiltonian\nand, as a consequence, the expectation values of observables equilibrate\ntowards specific constant long-time values. Summarizing our main results, we\nshow that, in systems which violate the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis\n(ETH), this long-time value exhibits an intriguing dependence on the strength\nof the external force. Specifically, for weak external forces, i.e., within the\nlinear response regime, we show that expectation values thermalize to their\noriginal equilibrium values, despite the ETH being violated. In contrast, for\nstronger perturbations beyond linear response, the quantum system relaxes to\nsome nonthermal value which depends on the previous nonequilibrium protocol.\nWhile we present theoretical arguments which underpin these results, we also\nnumerically demonstrate our findings by studying the real-time dynamics of two\nlow-dimensional quantum spin models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sampling rare fluctuations of height in the Oslo ricepile model: We have studied large deviations of the height of the pile from its mean\nvalue in the Oslo ricepile model. We sampled these very rare events with\nprobabilities of order $10^{-100}$ by Monte Carlo simulations using importance\nsampling. These simulations check our qualitative arguement [Phys. Rev. E, {\\bf\n73}, 021303, 2006] that in steady state of the Oslo ricepile model, the\nprobability of large negative height fluctuations $\\Delta h=-\\alpha L$ about\nthe mean varies as $\\exp(-\\kappa {\\alpha}^4 L^3)$ as $L \\to \\infty$ with\n$\\alpha $ held fixed, and $\\kappa > 0$.",
        "positive": "Common dependence on stress for the statistics of granular avalanches\n  and earthquakes: The statistical properties of avalanches in a dissipative particulate system\nunder slow shear are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. It is\nfound that the magnitude-frequency distribution obeys the Gutenberg-Richter law\nonly in the proximity of a critical density and that the exponent is sensitive\nto the minute changes in density. It is also found that aftershocks occur in\nthis system with a decay rate that follows the Modified Omori law. We show that\nthe exponent of the magnitude-frequency distribution and the time constant of\nthe Modified Omori law are decreasing functions of the shear stress. The\ndependences of these two parameters on shear stress coincide with recent\nseismological observations [D. Schorlemmer et al. Nature 437, 539 (2005); C.\nNarteau et al. Nature 462, 642 (2009)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean-field universality class induced by weak hyperbolic curvatures: Order-disorder phase transition of the ferromagnetic Ising model is\ninvestigated on a series of two-dimensional lattices that have negative\nGaussian curvatures. Exceptional lattice sites of coordination number seven are\ndistributed on the triangular lattice, where the typical distance between the\nnearest exceptional sites is proportional to an integer parameter $n$. Thus,\nthe corresponding curvature is asymptotically proportional to $- n^{-2}_{~}$.\nSpontaneous magnetization and specific heat are calculated by means of the\ncorner transfer matrix renormalization group method. For all the finite $n$\ncases, we observe the mean-field-like phase transition. It is confirmed that\nthe entanglement entropy at the transition temperature is linear in $(c / 6)\n\\ln n$, where $c = 1 / 2$ is the central charge of the Ising model. The fact\nagrees with the presence of the typical length scale $n$ being proportional to\nthe curvature radius.",
        "positive": "Externally driven one-dimensional Ising model: A one dimensional kinetic Ising model at a finite temperature on a\nsemi-infinite lattice with time varying boundary spins is considered. Exact\nexpressions for the expectation values of the spin at each site are obtained,\nin terms of the time dependent boundary condition and the initial conditions.\nThe solution consists of a transient part which is due to the initial\ncondition, and a part driven by the boundary. The latter is an evanescent wave\nwhen the boundary spin is oscillating harmonically. Low- and high-frequency\nlimits are investigated with greater detail. The total magnetization of the\nlattice is also obtained. It is seen that for any arbitrary rapidly varying\nboundary conditions, this total magnetization is equal to the the boundary spin\nitself, plus essentially the time integral of the boundary spin. A nonuniform\nmodel is also investigated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Potential of mean force and the charge reversal of rodlike polyions: A simple model is presented to calculate the potential of mean force between\na polyion and a multivalent counterion inside a polyelectrolite solution. We\nfind that under certain conditions the electrostatic interactions can lead to a\nstrong attraction between the polyions and the multivalent counterions,\nfavoring formation of overcharged polyion-counterion complexes. It is found\nthat small concentrations of salt enhance the overcharging, while an excessive\namount of salt hinders the charge reversal. The kinetic limitations to\novercharging are also examined.",
        "positive": "Temperature dependence of the Power law exponent of relaxation in a\n  supercooled Liquid: The dynamics of Lennard-Jones fluid is studied through extended mode coupling\ntheory (MCT) with the inclusion of the slow mode of defect density. Inclusion\nof defect density facilitates the liquid like state for temperatures much lower\nthan predicted from ideal MCT. From the present model the temperature\ndependence of the power law exponent is obtained at a {\\em constant pressure}.\nWe have also computed the wave number dependence of the power law exponent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Subdiffusion--reaction process with $A\\longrightarrow B$ reactions\n  versus subdiffusion--reaction process with $A+B\\longrightarrow B$ reactions: We consider the subdiffusion-reaction process with reactions of a type\nA+B\\arrow B (in which particles A are assumed to be mobile whereas B - static)\nin comparison to the subdiffusion-reaction process with A\\rightarrow B\nreactions which was studied by I.M. Sokolov et al. in Phys. Rev. E 73, 031102\n(2006). In both processes a rule that reactions can only occur between\nparticles which continue to exist is taken into account. Although in both\nprocesses a probability of the vanishing of particle A due to a reaction is\nindependent of both time and space variables (assuming that in the system with\nthe A+B\\arrow B reactions, particles B are distributed homogeneously) we show\nthat subdiffusion-reaction equations describing these processes as well as\ntheir Greens' functions are qualitatively different. For the subdiffusion\nprocess with the A+B\\arrow B reactions we consider three models. We base the\nmethod considered in this paper on a random walk model in a system with both\ndiscrete time and space variables. Then, the system with discrete variables is\ntransformed into a system with continuous variables. Such a method seems to be\nconvenient in analysing subdiffusion-reaction processes with partially\nabsorbing or partially reflecting walls. The reason is that within this method\nwe can determine Greens' functions without a necessity of solving a fractional\ndifferential subdiffusion-reaction equation with boundary conditions at the\nwalls. As an example we use the model to find the Greens' functions for a\nsubdiffusive-reaction system (with the reactions mentioned above), which is\nbounded by a partially absorbing wall. This example shows how the model can be\nused to analyze the subdiffusion-reaction process in a system with partially\nabsorbing or reflecting thin membranes. Employing a simple phenomenological\nmodel, we derive equations related to the reaction parameters used in the\nconsidered models.",
        "positive": "Random Walk with a Hop-Over Site: A Novel Approach to Tagged Diffusion\n  and Its Applications: We study, on a $d$ dimensional hypercubic lattice, a random walk which is\nhomogeneous except for one site. Instead of visiting this site, the walker hops\nover it with arbitrary rates. The probability distribution of this walk and the\nstatistics associated with the hop-overs are found exactly. This analysis\nprovides a simple approach to the problem of tagged diffusion, i.e., the\nmovements of a tracer particle due to the diffusion of a vacancy. Applications\nto vacancy mediated disordering are given through two examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Clausius inequality and H-theorems for some models of random wealth\n  exchange: We discuss a possibility of deriving an H-theorem for nonlinear discrete time\nevolution equation that describes random wealth exchanges. In such kinetic\nmodels economical agents exchange wealth in pairwise collisions just as\nparticles in a gas exchange their energy. It appears useful to reformulate the\nproblem and represent the dynamics as a combination of two processes. The first\nis a linear transformation of a two-particle distribution function during the\nact of exchange while the second one corresponds to new random pairing of\nagents and plays a role of some kind of feedback control. This representation\nleads to a Clausius-type inequality which suggests a new interpretation of the\nexchange process as an irreversible relaxation due to a contact with a\nreservoir of a special type. Only in some special cases when equilibrium\ndistribution is exactly a gamma distribution, this inequality results in the\nH-theorem with monotonically growing `entropy' functional which differs from\nthe Boltzmann entropy by an additional term. But for arbitrary exchange rule\nthe evolution has some features of relaxation to a non-equilibrium steady state\nand it is still unclear if any general H-theorem could exist.",
        "positive": "Time transformation for random walks in the quenched trap model: Diffusion in the quenched trap model is investigated with an approach we call\nweak subordination breaking. We map the problem onto Brownian motion and show\nthat the operational time is ${\\cal S}_\\alpha = \\sum_{x=-\\infty} ^\\infty\n(n_x)^\\alpha$ where $n_x$ is the visitation number at site $x$ . In the limit\nof zero temperature we recover the renormalization group (RG) solution found by\nMonthus. Our approach is an alternative to RG capable of dealing with any\ndisorder strength."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Overview of different characterisations of dynamic heterogeneity: Dynamic heterogeneity is now recognised as a central aspect of structural\nrelaxation in disordered materials with slow dynamics, and was the focus of\nintense research in the last decade. Here we describe how initial, indirect\nobservations of dynamic heterogeneity have recently evolved into well-defined,\nquantitative, statistical characterisations, in particular through the use of\nhigh-order correlation and response functions. We highlight both recent\nprogress and open questions about the characterisation of dynamic heterogeneity\nin glassy materials. We also discuss the limits of available tools and describe\na few candidates for future research in order to gain deeper understanding of\nthe origin and nature of glassiness in disordered systems.",
        "positive": "Fractal dimensions and corrections to scaling for critical Potts\n  clusters: Renormalization group and Coulomb gas mappings are used to derive theoretical\npredictions for the corrections to the exactly known asymptotic fractal masses\nof the hull, external perimeter, singly connected bonds and total mass of the\nFortuin-Kasteleyn clusters for two-dimensional $q$-state Potts models at\ncriticality. For q=4 these include exact logarithmic (as well as loglog)\ncorrections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic critical behavior of two-dimensional random-bond Potts\n  ferromagnets in confined geometries: We present a numerical study of 2D random-bond Potts ferromagnets. The model\nis studied both below and above the critical value $Q_c=4$ which discriminates\nbetween second and first-order transitions in the pure system. Two geometries\nare considered, namely cylinders and square-shaped systems, and the critical\nbehavior is investigated through conformal invariance techniques which were\nrecently shown to be valid, even in the randomness-induced second-order phase\ntransition regime Q>4. In the cylinder geometry, connectivity transfer matrix\ncalculations provide a simple test to find the range of disorder amplitudes\nwhich is characteristic of the disordered fixed point. The scaling dimensions\nthen follow from the exponential decay of correlations along the strip. Monte\nCarlo simulations of spin systems on the other hand are generally performed on\nsystems of rectangular shape on the square lattice, but the data are then\nperturbed by strong surface effects. The conformal mapping of a semi-infinite\nsystem inside a square enables us to take into account boundary effects\nexplicitly and leads to an accurate determination of the scaling dimensions.\nThe techniques are applied to different values of Q in the range 3-64.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium dynamic-correlation-length scaling method: The finite-size scaling method in the equilibrium Monte Carlo(MC) simulations\nand the finite-time scaling method in the nonequilibrium-relaxation simulations\nare compromised. MC time data of various physical quantities are scaled by the\nMC time data of the dynamic correlation length, which corresponds to changing\nthe system size in the finite-size scaling method. This scaling method is\ntested in the three-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising spin model and in the three\ndimensional $\\pm J$ Ising spin-glass model. The transition temperature and the\ncritical exponents, $\\eta$ and $\\nu$, are obtained by the nonequilibrium\nrelaxation data of the susceptibility and the dynamic correlation length apart\nfrom the dynamic exponent. We also comment on the definition of the dynamic\ncorrelation length in the nonequilibrium relaxation process. The\nOrnstein-Zernike formula is not always appropriate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-integrable fermionic chains near criticality: We compute the Drude weight and the critical exponents as functions of the\ndensity in non-integrable generalizations of XXZ or Hubbard chains, in the\ncritical zero temperature regime where Luttinger liquid description breaks down\nand Bethe ansatz cannot be used. Even in the regions where irrelevant terms\ndominate, no difference between integrable and non integrable models appear in\nexponents and conductivity. Our results are based on a fully rigorous\ntwo-regime multiscale analysis and a recently introduced partially solvable\nmodel.",
        "positive": "Systems with Symmetry Breaking and Restoration: Statistical systems, in which spontaneous symmetry breaking can be\naccompanied by spontaneous local symmetry restoration, are considered. A\ngeneral approach to describing such systems is formulated, based on the notion\nof weighted Hilbert spaces and configuration averaging. The approach is\nillustrated by the example of a ferroelectric with mesoscopic fluctuations of\nparaelectric phase. The influence of the local symmetry restoration on the\nsystem characteristics, such as sound velocity and Debye-Waller factor, is\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal-bath effects in quantum quenches within quantum critical regimes: We address the out-of-equilibrium dynamics arising from quantum-quench (QQ)\nprotocols (instantaneous changes of the Hamiltonian parameters) in many-body\nsystems within their quantum critical regime and in contact with thermal baths,\nhomogeneously coupled to the systems. We consider two classes of QQ protocols.\nOne of them uses the thermal bath to prepare the initial Gibbs state; then,\nafter quenching, the thermal bath is removed and the dynamics of the system is\nunitary. Wealso address a more complex QQ protocol where the thermal bath is\nnot removed after quenching, thus the quantum evolution is also driven by the\ninteraction with the bath, which may be described by appropriate master\nequations for the density matrix of the system, where a further relevant time\nscale, or inverse decay rate, characterizes the system-bath coupling. Under\nthese QQ protocols, the critical system develops out-of-equilibrium scaling\nbehaviors, which extend those forisolated critical systems, by introducing\nfurther scaling variables proportional to the temperature and the decay rate\nassociated with the thermal baths. These out-of-equilibrium scaling behaviors\nare checked by analyzing QQ protocols within fermionic Kitaev wires, or\nequivalently quantum Ising chains, supplemented with a particular modelization\nof thermal bath that guarantees the asymptotic thermalization within the\nLindblad master equation for the dynamics of open systems.",
        "positive": "Phase-plane analysis of driven multi-lane exclusion models: We show how a fixed point based boundary-layer analysis technique can be used\nto obtain the steady-state particle density profiles of driven exclusion\nprocesses on two-lane systems with open boundaries. We have considered two\ndistinct two-lane systems. In the first, particles hop on the lanes in one\ndirection obeying exclusion principle and there is no exchange of particles\nbetween the lanes. The hopping on one lane is affected by the particle\noccupancies on the other, which thereby introduces an indirect interaction\namong the lanes. Through a phase plane analysis of the boundary layer equation,\nwe show why the bulk density undergoes a sharp change as the interaction\nbetween the lanes is increased. The second system involves one lane with driven\nexclusion process and the other with biased diffusion of particles. In contrast\nto the previous model, here there is a direct interaction between the lanes due\nto particle exchange between them. In this model, we have looked at two\npossible scenarios with constant (flat) and non-constant bulk profiles. The\nfixed point based boundary layer method provides a new perspective on several\naspects including those related to maximal/minimal current phases,\npossibilities of shocks under very restricted boundary conditions for the flat\nprofile but over a wide range of boundary conditions for the non-constant\nprofile."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotic non-equilibrium steady state operators: We present a method for the calculation of asymptotic operators for\nnonequilibrium steady-state quantum systems. The asymptotic steady-state\noperator is obtained by averaging the corresponding operator in Heisenberg\nrepresentation over infinitely long time. Several examples are considered to\ndemonstrate the utility of our method. The results obtained within our approach\nare compared to those obtained within the Schwinger-Keldysh nonequilibrium\nGreen's functions.",
        "positive": "Velocity filtration and temperature inversion in a system with\n  long-range interactions: Temperature inversion due to velocity filtration, a mechanism originally\nproposed to explain the heating of the solar corona, is demonstrated to occur\nalso in a simple paradigmatic model with long-range interactions, the\nHamiltonian mean-field model. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show\nthat when the system settles into an inhomogeneous quasi-stationary state in\nwhich the velocity distribution has suprathermal tails, the temperature and\ndensity profiles are anticorrelated: denser parts of the system are colder than\ndilute ones. We argue that this may be a generic property of long-range\ninteracting systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field theory of compact polymers on the square lattice: Exact results for conformational statistics of compact polymers are derived\nfrom the two-flavour fully packed loop model on the square lattice. This loop\nmodel exhibits a two-dimensional manifold of critical fixed points each one\ncharacterised by an infinite set of geometrical scaling dimensions. We\ncalculate these dimensions exactly by mapping the loop model to an interface\nmodel whose scaling limit is described by a Liouville field theory. The\nformulae for the central charge and the first few scaling dimensions are\ncompared to numerical transfer matrix results and excellent agreement is found.\nCompact polymers are identified with a particular point in the phase diagram of\nthe loop model, and the non-mean field value of the conformational exponent\n\\gamma = 117/112 is calculated for the first time. Interacting compact polymers\nare described by a line of fixed points along which \\gamma varies continuously.",
        "positive": "Geometric Allocation Approach for Transition Kernel of Markov Chain: We introduce a new geometric approach that constructs a transition kernel of\nMarkov chain. Our method always minimizes the average rejection rate and even\nreduce it to zero in many relevant cases, which cannot be achieved by\nconventional methods, such as the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm or the heat\nbath algorithm (Gibbs sampler). Moreover, the geometric approach makes it\npossible to find not only a reversible but also an irreversible solution of\nrejection-free transition probabilities. This is the first versatile method\nthat can construct an irreversible transition kernel in general cases. We\ndemonstrate that the autocorrelation time (asymptotic variance) of the Potts\nmodel becomes more than 6 times as short as that by the conventional\nMetropolis-Hastings algorithm. Our algorithms are applicable to almost all\nkinds of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and will improve the efficiency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear response of the irreversible work via generalized relaxation\n  functions: The nonlinear response of the excess work, when made via series expansion in\nthe parameter perturbation of the average thermodynamic work, requires\nadjustments to agree with the Second Law of Thermodynamics. In this work, I\npresent a well-behaved nonlinear response of the irreversible work, based on\nits well-known cumulant series expansion. From the generalization of the\nfluctuation-dissipation relation derived from it, I define the terms of the\nseries expansion in the parameter perturbation of the irreversible work by the\nterms of the cumulants. Since every cumulant depends on raw moments, I define\nfrom them the generalized relaxation functions, whose arbitrary constants were\nchosen guaranteeing the accomplishment of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. A\nprocedure to calculate the nonlinear response of the irreversible work is then\nprovided.",
        "positive": "Kubo formulas for dispersion in heterogeneous periodic non-equilibrium\n  systems: We consider the dispersion properties of tracer particles moving in\nnon-equilibrium heterogeneous periodic media. The tracer motion is described by\na Fokker-Planck equation with arbitrary spatially periodic (but constant in\ntime) local diffusion tensors and drift, eventually with the presence of\nobstacles. We derive a Kubo-like formula for the time dependent effective\ndiffusion tensor valid in any dimension. From this general formula, we derive\nexpressions for the late time effective diffusion tensor and drift in these\nsystems. In addition, we find an explicit formula for the late finite time\ncorrections to these transport coefficients. In one dimension, we give closed\nanalytical formula for the transport coefficients. The formulas derived here\nare very general and provide a straightforward method to compute the dispersion\nproperties in arbitrary non-equilibrium periodic advection-diffusion systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized energy and time-translation invariance in a driven,\n  dissipative system: Driven condensed matter systems consistently pose substantial challenges to\ntheoretical understanding. Progress in the study of such systems has been\nachieved using the Floquet formalism, but certain aspects of this approach are\nnot well understood. In this paper, we consider the exceptionally simple case\nof the rotating Kekul\\'e mass in graphene through the lens of Floquet theory.\nWe show that the fact that this problem is gauge-equivalent to a\ntime-independent problem implies that the \"quasi-energies\" of Floquet theory\ncorrespond to a continuous symmetry of the full time-dependent Lagrangian. We\nuse the conserved Noether charge associated with this symmetry to recover\nnotions of equilibrium statistical mechanics.",
        "positive": "Model for the unidirectional motion of a dynein molecule: Cytoplasmic dyneins transport cellular organelles by moving on a microtubule\nfilament. It has been found recently that depending on the applied force and\nthe concentration of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules, dynein's step\nsize varies. Based on these studies, we propose a simple model for dynein's\nunidirectional motion taking into account the variations in its step size. We\nstudy how the average velocity and the relative dispersion in the displacement\nvary with the applied load. The model is amenable to further extensions by\ninclusion of details associated with the structure and the processivity of the\nmolecule."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous scaling and large-scale anisotropy in magnetohydrodynamic\n  turbulence: Two-loop renormalization-group analysis of the\n  Kazantsev--Kraichnan kinematic model: The field theoretic renormalization group and operator product expansion are\napplied to the Kazantsev--Kraichnan kinematic model for the magnetohydrodynamic\nturbulence. The anomalous scaling emerges as a consequence of the existence of\ncertain composite fields (\"operators\") with negative dimensions. The anomalous\nexponents for the correlation functions of arbitrary order are calculated in\nthe two-loop approximation (second order of the renormalization-group\nexpansion), including the anisotropic sectors. The anomalous scaling and the\nhierarchy of anisotropic contributions become stronger due to those\nsecond-order contributions.",
        "positive": "Note: Stokes-Einstein relation without hydrodynamic diameter in the\n  TIP4P/Ice water model: It is demonstrated that self-diffusion and shear viscosity data for the\nTIP4P/Ice water model reported recently [L. Baran, W. Rzysko and L. MacDowell,\nJ. Chem. Phys. {\\bf 158}, 064503 (2023)] obey the microscopic version of the\nStokes-Einstein relation without the hydrodynamic diameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact relations between charge-density functions determining the total\n  Coulomb energy and the dielectric constant for a mixture of neutral and\n  charged site-site molecules: We extend results developed by Chandler [J. Chem. Phys. 65, 2925 (1976)] for\nthe dielectric constant of neutral site-site molecular models to mixtures of\nboth charged and uncharged molecules. This provides a unified derivation\nconnecting the Stillinger-Lovett moment conditions for ions to standard results\nfor the dielectric constant for polar species and yields exact expressions for\nthe small-k expansion of the two-point intermolecular charge-density function\nused to determine the total Coulomb energy. The latter is useful in determining\ncorrections to the thermodynamics of uniform site-site molecular models\nsimulated with spherically truncated Coulomb interactions.",
        "positive": "The Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass model in the presence of a random\n  field with a joint Gaussian probability density function for the exchange\n  interactions and random fields: The magnetic systems with disorder form an important class of systems, which\nare under intensive studies, since they reflect real systems. Such a class of\nsystems is the spin glass one, which combines randomness and frustration. The\nSherrington-Kirkpatrick Ising spin glass with random couplings in the presence\nof a random magnetic field is investigated in detail within the framework of\nthe replica method. The two random variables (exchange integral interaction and\nrandom magnetic field) are drawn from a joint Gaussian probability density\nfunction characterized by a correlation coefficient $\\rho$. The thermodynamic\nproperties and phase diagrams are studied with respect to the natural\nparameters of both random components of the system contained in the probability\ndensity. The de Almeida-Thouless line is explored as a function of temperature,\n$\\rho$ and other system parameters. The entropy for zero temperature as well as\nfor non zero temperatures is partly negative or positive, acquiring positive\nbranches as $h_{0}$ increases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Demonstrating the AKLT spectral gap on 2D degree-3 lattices: We establish that the spin-3/2 AKLT model on the honeycomb has a nonzero\nspectral gap. We use the relation between the anticommutator of two projectors\nand their sum, and apply it to related AKLT projectors that occupy plaquettes\nor other extended regions. We analytically reduce the complexity in the\nresulting eigenvalue problem and use a Lanczos numerical method to show that\nthe required inequality for the nonzero spectral gap holds. This approach is\nalso successfuly applied to several other spin-3/2 AKLT models on degree-3\nsemiregular tilings, such as the square octagon, star and cross lattices, where\nthe complexity is low enough that exact diagonalization can be used instead of\nthe Lanczos method. In addition, we also close the previously open cases in the\nsingly decorated honeycomb and square lattices.",
        "positive": "Anomalous fluctuations of renewal-reward processes with heavy-tailed\n  distributions: For renewal-reward processes with a power-law decaying waiting time\ndistribution, anomalously large probabilities are assigned to atypical values\nof the asymptotic processes. Previous works have reveals that this anomalous\nscaling causes a singularity in the corresponding large deviation function. In\norder to further understand this problem, we study in this article the scaling\nof variance in several renewal-reward processes: counting processes with two\ndifferent power-law decaying waiting time distributions and a Knudsen gas (a\nheat conduction model). Through analytical and numerical analyses of these\nmodels, we find that the variances show an anomalous scaling when the exponent\nof the power law is -3. For a counting process with the power-law exponent\nsmaller than -3, this anomalous scaling does not take place: this indicates\nthat the processes only fluctuate around the expectation with an error that is\ncompatible with a standard large deviation scaling. In this case, we argue that\nanomalous scaling appears in higher order cumulants. Finally, many-body\nparticles interacting through soft-core interactions with the boundary\nconditions employed in the Knudsen gas are studied using numerical simulations.\nWe observe that the variance scaling becomes normal even though the power-law\nexponent in the boundary conditions is -3."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum mechanical response to a driven Caldeira-Leggett bath: We determine the frequency-dependent response characteristics of a quantum\nsystem to a driven Caldeira-Leggett bath. The bath degrees of freedom are\nexplicitly driven by an external time-dependent force, in addition to the\ndirect time-dependent forcing of the system itself. After general\nconsiderations of driven Caldeira-Leggett baths, we consider the Rubin model of\na chain of quantum particles coupled by linear springs as an important model of\na quantum dissipative system. We show that in the presence of time-dependent\ndriving of the chain, this model can be mapped to a quantum system which\ncouples to a driven Caldeira-Leggett bath. The effect of the bath driving is\ncaptured by a time-dependent force on the central system, which is, in\nprinciple, non-Markovian in nature. We study two specific examples, the exactly\nsolvable case of a harmonic potential, and a quantum two-state system for which\nwe assume a weak system-bath coupling. We evaluate the dynamical response to a\nperiodic driving of the system and the bath. The dynamic susceptibility is\nshown to be altered qualitatively by the bath drive: The dispersive part is\nenhanced at low frequencies and acquires a maximum at zero frequency. The\nabsorptive part develops a shoulder-like behavior in this frequency regime.\nThese features seem to be generic for quantum systems in a driven\nCaldeira-Leggett bath.",
        "positive": "Fluctuations of entropy production of a run-and-tumble particle: Out-of-equilibrium systems continuously generate entropy, with its rate of\nproduction being a fingerprint of non-equilibrium conditions. In small-scale\ndissipative systems subject to thermal noise, fluctuations of entropy\nproduction are significant. Hitherto, mean and variance have been abundantly\nstudied, even if higher moments might be important to fully characterize the\nsystem of interest. Here, we introduce a graphical method to compute any moment\nof entropy production for a generic discrete-state system. Then, we focus on a\nparadigmatic model of active particles, i.e., run-and-tumble dynamics, which\nresembles the motion observed in several microorganisms. Employing our\nframework, we compute the first three cumulants of the entropy production for a\ndiscrete version of this model. We also compare our analytical results with\nnumerical simulations. We find that as the number of states increases, the\ndistribution of entropy production deviates from a Gaussian. Finally, we extend\nour framework to a continuous state-space run-and-tumble model, using an\nappropriate scaling of the transition rates. The approach here presented might\nhelp uncover the features of non-equilibrium fluctuations of any current in\nbiological systems operating out-of-equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extremal properties of random trees: We investigate extremal statistical properties such as the maximal and the\nminimal heights of randomly generated binary trees. By analyzing the master\nevolution equations we show that the cumulative distribution of extremal\nheights approaches a traveling wave form. The wave front in the minimal case is\ngoverned by the small-extremal-height tail of the distribution, and conversely,\nthe front in the maximal case is governed by the large-extremal-height tail of\nthe distribution. We determine several statistical characteristics of the\nextremal height distribution analytically. In particular, the expected minimal\nand maximal heights grow logarithmically with the tree size, N, hmin ~ vmin ln\nN, and hmax ~ vmax ln N, with vmin=0.373365 and vmax=4.31107, respectively.\nCorrections to this asymptotic behavior are of order O(ln ln N).",
        "positive": "Tapping Spin Glasses: We consider a tapping dynamics, analogous to that in experiments on granular\nmedia, on spin glasses and ferromagnets on random thin graphs. Between taps,\nzero temperature single spin flip dynamics takes the system to a metastable\nstate. Tapping, corresponds to flipping simultaneously any spin with\nprobability $p$. This dynamics leads to a stationary regime with a steady state\nenergy $E(p)$. We analytically solve this dynamics for the one dimensional\nferromagnet and $\\pm J$ spin glass. Numerical simulations for spin glasses and\nferromagnets of higher connectivity are carried out, in particular we find a\nnovel first order transition for the ferromagnetic systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Dynamics of Discrete Curves and Multi-type Exclusion\n  Processes: This study deals with continuous limits of interacting one-dimensional\ndiffusive systems, arising from stochastic distortions of discrete curves with\nvarious kinds of coding representations. These systems are essentially of a\nreaction-diffusion nature. In the non-reversible case, the invariant measure\nhas generally a non Gibbs form. The corresponding steady-state regime is\nanalyzed in detail with the help of a tagged particle and a state-graph cycle\nexpansion of the probability currents. As a consequence, the constants\nappearing in Lotka-Volterraequations --which describe the fluid limits of\nstationary states-- can be traced back directly at the discrete level to tagged\nparticles cycles coefficients. Current fluctuations are also studied and the\nLagrangian is obtained by an iterative scheme. The related Hamilton-Jacobi\nequation, which leads to the large deviation functional, is analyzed and solved\nin the reversible case for the sake of checking.",
        "positive": "Fourier's law and maximum path information: By using a path information defined for the measure of the uncertainty of\ninstable dynamics, a theoretical derivation of Fourier's law of heat conduction\nis given on the basis of maximum information method associated with the\nprinciple of least action."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A random walker on a ratchet potential: Effect of a non Gaussian noise: We analyze the effect of a colored non Gaussian noise on a model of a random\nwalker moving along a ratchet potential. Such a model was motivated by the\ntransport properties of motor proteins, like kinesin and myosin. Previous\nstudies have been realized assuming white noises. However, for real situations,\nin general we could expect that those noises be correlated and non Gaussian.\nAmong other aspects, in addition to a maximum in the current as the noise\nintensity is varied, we have also found another optimal value of the current\nwhen departing from Gaussian behavior. We show the relevant effects that arise\nwhen departing from Gaussian behavior, particularly related to current's\nenhancement, and discuss its relevance for both biological and technological\nsituations.",
        "positive": "Enskog Theory for Polydisperse Granular Mixtures. III. Comparison of\n  dense and dilute transport coefficients and equations of state for a binary\n  mixture: The objective of this study is to assess the impact of a dense-phase\ntreatment on the hydrodynamic description of granular, binary mixtures relative\nto a previous dilute-phase treatment. Two theories were considered for this\npurpose. The first, proposed by Garz\\'o and Dufty (GD) [Phys. Fluids {\\bf 14},\n146 (2002)], is based on the Boltzmann equation which does not incorporate\nfinite-volume effects, thereby limiting its use to dilute flows. The second,\nproposed by Garz\\'o, Hrenya and Dufty (GHD) [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 76}, 31303 and\n031304 (2007)], is derived from the Enskog equation which does account for\nfinite-volume effects; accordingly this theory can be applied to moderately\ndense systems as well. To demonstrate the significance of the dense-phase\ntreatment relative to its dilute counterpart, the ratio of dense (GHD) to\ndilute (GD) predictions of all relevant transport coefficients and equations of\nstate are plotted over a range of physical parameters (volume fraction,\ncoefficients of restitution, material density ratio, diameter ratio, and\nmixture composition). These plots reveal the deviation between the two\ntreatments, which can become quite large ($>$100%) even at moderate values of\nthe physical parameters. Such information will be useful when choosing which\ntheory is most applicable to a given situation, since the dilute theory offers\nrelative simplicity and the dense theory offers improved accuracy. It is also\nimportant to note that several corrections to original GHD expressions are\npresented here in the form of a complete, self-contained set of relevant\nequations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Recent advances in percolation theory and its applications: Percolation is the simplest fundamental model in statistical mechanics that\nexhibits phase transitions signaled by the emergence of a giant connected\ncomponent. Despite its very simple rules, percolation theory has successfully\nbeen applied to describe a large variety of natural, technological and social\nsystems. Percolation models serve as important universality classes in critical\nphenomena characterized by a set of critical exponents which correspond to a\nrich fractal and scaling structure of their geometric features. In this review\nwe will first outline the basic features of the ordinary model and take a\nglimpse at a number of selective variations and modifications of the original\nmodel. Directed percolation process will be also discussed as a prototype of\nsystems displaying a nonequilibrium phase transition. After a short review on\nSLE, we will provide an overview on existence of the scaling limit and\nconformal invariance of the critical percolation. We will also establish a\nconnection with the magnetic models. Recent applications of the percolation\ntheory in natural and artificial landscapes are also reviewed.",
        "positive": "Topologically robust zero-sum games and Pfaffian orientation -- How\n  network topology determines the long-time dynamics of the antisymmetric\n  Lotka-Volterra equation: To explore how the topology of interaction networks determines the robustness\nof dynamical systems, we study the antisymmetric Lotka-Volterra equation\n(ALVE). The ALVE is the replicator equation of zero-sum games in evolutionary\ngame theory, in which the strengths of pairwise interactions between strategies\nare defined by an antisymmetric matrix such that typically some strategies go\nextinct over time. Here we show that there also exist topologically robust\nzero-sum games, such as the rock-paper-scissors game, for which all strategies\ncoexist for all choices of interaction strengths. We refer to such zero-sum\ngames as coexistence networks and construct coexistence networks with an\narbitrary number of strategies. By mapping the long-time dynamics of the ALVE\nto the algebra of antisymmetric matrices, we identify simple graph-theoretical\nrules by which coexistence networks are constructed. Examples are\ntriangulations of cycles characterized by the golden ratio $\\varphi =\n1.6180...$, cycles with complete subnetworks, and non-Hamiltonian networks. In\ngraph-theoretical terms, we extend the concept of a Pfaffian orientation from\neven-sized to odd-sized networks. Our results show that the topology of\ninteraction networks alone can determine the long-time behavior of nonlinear\ndynamical systems, and may help to identify robust network motifs arising, for\nexample, in ecology."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wang-Landau sampling: Improving accuracy: In this work we investigate the behavior of the microcanonical and canonical\naverages of the two-dimensional Ising model during the Wang-Landau simulation.\nThe simulations were carried out using conventional Wang-Landau sampling and\nthe $1/t$ scheme. Our findings reveal that the microcanonical average should\nnot be accumulated during the initial modification factors \\textit{f} and\noutline a criterion to define this limit. We show that updating the density of\nstates only after every $L^2$ spin-flip trials leads to a much better\nprecision. We present a mechanism to determine for the given model up to what\nfinal modification factor the simulations should be carried out. Altogether\nthese small adjustments lead to an improved procedure for simulations with much\nmore reliable results. We compare our results with $1/t$ simulations. We also\npresent an application of the procedure to a self-avoiding homopolymer.",
        "positive": "Autonomous multispecies reaction-diffusion systems with\n  more-than-two-site interactions: Autonomous multispecies systems with more-than-two-neighbor interactions are\nstudied. Conditions necessary and sufficient for closedness of the evolution\nequations of the $n$-point functions are obtained. The average number of the\nparticles at each site for one species and three-site interactions, and its\ngeneralization to the more-than-three-site interactions is explicitly obtained.\nGeneralizations of the Glauber model in different directions, using generalized\nrates, generalized number of states at each site, and generalized number of\ninteracting sites, are also investigated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Understanding nonequilibrium scaling laws governing collapse of a\n  polymer: Recent emerging interest in experiments of single-polymer dynamics urge\ncomputational physicists to revive their understandings, particularly in the\nnonequilibrium context. Here we briefly discuss the currently evolving\napproaches of investigating the evolution dynamics of homopolymer collapse in\ncomputer simulations. Primary focus of these approaches is to understand\nvarious dynamic scaling laws related to coarsening and aging during the\ncollapse in space dimension $d=3$, using tools popular in nonequilibrium\ncoarsening dynamics of particle or spin systems. In addition to providing an\noverview of those results, we also present new preliminary data for $d=2$.",
        "positive": "Site-Percolation Threshold of Carbon Nanotube Fibers: Fast Inspection of\n  Percolation with Markov Stochastic Theory: We present a site-percolation model based on a modified FCC lattice, as well\nas an efficient algorithm of inspecting percolation which takes advantage of\nthe Markov stochastic theory, in order to study the percolation threshold of\ncarbon nanotube (CNT) fibers. Our Markov-chain based algorithm carries out the\ninspection of percolation by performing repeated sparse matrix-vector\nmultiplications, which allows parallelized computation to accelerate the\ninspection for a given configuration. With this approach, we determine that the\nsite-percolation transition of CNT fibers occurs at p_c =0.1533+-0.0013, and\nanalyze the dependence of the effective percolation threshold (corresponding to\n0.5 percolation probability) on the length and the aspect ratio of a CNT fiber\non a finite-size-scaling basis. We also discuss the aspect ratio dependence of\npercolation probability with various values of p (not restricted to p_c)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-passage time of run-and-tumble particles with non-instantaneous\n  resetting: We study the statistics of the first-passage time of a single run and tumble\nparticle (RTP) in one spatial dimension, with or without resetting, to a fixed\ntarget located at $L>0$. First, we compute the first-passage time distribution\nof a free RTP, without resetting nor in a confining potential, but averaged\nover the initial position drawn from an arbitrary distribution $p(x)$. Recent\nexperiments used a non-instantaneous resetting protocol that motivated us to\nstudy in particular the case where $p(x)$ corresponds to the stationary\nnon-Boltzmann distribution of an RTP in the presence of a harmonic trap. This\ndistribution $p(x)$ is characterized by a parameter $\\nu>0$, which depends on\nthe microscopic parameters of the RTP dynamics. We show that the first-passage\ntime distribution of the free RTP, drawn from this initial distribution,\ndevelops interesting singular behaviours, depending on the parameter $\\nu$. We\nthen switch on resetting, mimicked by thermal relaxation of the RTP in the\npresence of a harmonic trap. Resetting leads to a finite mean first-passage\ntime (MFPT) and we study this as a function of the resetting rate for different\nvalues of the parameters $\\nu$ and $b = L/c$ where $c$ is the right edge of the\ninitial distribution $p(x)$. In the diffusive limit of the RTP dynamics, we\nfind a rich phase diagram in the $(b,\\nu)$ plane, with an interesting\nre-entrance phase transition. Away from the diffusive limit, qualitatively\nsimilar rich behaviours emerge for the full RTP dynamics.",
        "positive": "Damage Spreading at the Corner Filling Transition in the two-dimensional\n  Ising Model: The propagation of damage on the square Ising lattice with a corner geometry\nis studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that, just at\n$T=T_f (h)$ (critical temperature of the filling transition) the damage\ninitially propagates along the interface of the competing domains, according to\na power law given by $D(t) \\propto t^{\\eta}$. The value obtained for the\ndynamic exponent ($\\eta^{*} = 0.89(1)$) is in agreement with that corresponding\nto the wetting transition in the slit geometry (Abraham Model) given by\n$\\eta^{WT} = 0.91(1)$. However, for later times the propagation crosses to a\nnew regime such as $\\eta^{**} = 0.40 \\pm 0.02$, which is due to the propagation\nof the damage into the bulk of the magnetic domains. This result can be\nunderstood due to the constraints imposed to the propagation of damage by the\ncorner geometry of the system that cause healing at the corners where the\ninterface is attached."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymmetric exclusion processes with constrained dynamics: Asymmetric exclusion processes with locally reversible kinetic constraints\nare introduced to investigate the effect of non-conservative driving forces in\nathermal systems. At high density they generally exhibit rheological-like\nbehavior, negative differential resistance, two-step structural relaxation,\ndynamical heterogeneity and, possibly, a jamming transition driven by the\nexternal field.",
        "positive": "Finite-size scaling of directed percolation in the steady state: Recently, considerable progress has been made in understanding finite-size\nscaling in equilibrium systems. Here, we study finite-size scaling in\nnon-equilibrium systems at the instance of directed percolation (DP), which has\nbecome the paradigm of non-equilibrium phase transitions into absorbing states,\nabove, at and below the upper critical dimension. We investigate the\nfinite-size scaling behavior of DP analytically and numerically by considering\nits steady state generated by a homogeneous constant external source on a\nd-dimensional hypercube of finite edge length L with periodic boundary\nconditions near the bulk critical point. In particular, we study the order\nparameter and its higher moments using renormalized field theory. We derive\nfinite-size scaling forms of the moments in a one-loop calculation. Moreover,\nwe introduce and calculate a ratio of the order parameter moments that plays a\nsimilar role in the analysis of finite size scaling in absorbing nonequilibrium\nprocesses as the famous Binder cumulant in equilibrium systems and that, in\nparticular, provides a new signature of the DP universality class. To\ncomplement our analytical work, we perform Monte Carlo simulations which\nconfirm our analytical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ageing of the 2+1 dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang model: Extended dynamical simulations have been performed on a 2+1 dimensional\ndriven dimer lattice gas model to estimate ageing properties. The\nauto-correlation and the auto-response functions are determined and the\ncorresponding scaling exponents are tabulated. Since this model can be mapped\nonto the 2+1 dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang surface growth model, our results\ncontribute to the understanding of the universality class of that basic system.",
        "positive": "On analytical formulas for the Virial coefficients: In many fields of statistical physics, for instance in the study of the\nliquid-gas phase transition in finite nuclear matter, the Virial coefficients\nof the Fermi gas play a major role. In this note, we provide relations, sum\nrules, analytical formulas and numerical values for such coefficients."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hidden timescale in the response of harmonically driven chaotic systems: Linear response theory relates the response of a system to the power-spectrum\nof its fluctuations. However, the response to external driving in realistic\nmodels exhibits a pronounced non-linear blurring of the spectral line-shape.\nConsidering a driven Bose-Hubbard trimer model we figure out what is the hidden\ntime scale that controls this smearing effect. Contrary to conventional wisdom,\nthe Fermi-golden-rule picture fails miserably in predicting the non-linear\nwidth of the transitions. Instead, if the system has a classical limit, the\ndetermination of the hidden time scale requires taking into account the\nunderlying classical phase-space dynamics.",
        "positive": "Exponential Weighting and Random-Matrix-Theory-Based Filtering of\n  Financial Covariance Matrices for Portfolio Optimization: We introduce a covariance matrix estimator that both takes into account the\nheteroskedasticity of financial returns (by using an exponentially weighted\nmoving average) and reduces the effective dimensionality of the estimation (and\nhence measurement noise) via techniques borrowed from random matrix theory. We\ncalculate the spectrum of large exponentially weighted random matrices (whose\nupper band edge needs to be known for the implementation of the estimation)\nanalytically, by a procedure analogous to that used for standard random\nmatrices. Finally, we illustrate, on empirical data, the superiority of the\nnewly introduced estimator in a portfolio optimization context over both the\nmethod of exponentially weighted moving averages and the uniformly-weighted\nrandom-matrix-theory-based filtering."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficient kinetic Monte Carlo method for reaction-diffusion processes\n  with spatially varying annihilation rates: We present an efficient Monte Carlo method to simulate reaction-diffusion\nprocesses with spatially varying particle annihilation or transformation rates\nas it occurs for instance in the context of motor-driven intracellular\ntransport. Like Green's function reaction dynamics and first-passage time\nmethods, our algorithm avoids small diffusive hops by propagating sufficiently\ndistant particles in large hops to the boundaries of protective domains. Since\nfor spatially varying annihilation or transformation rates the single particle\ndiffusion propagator is not known analytically, we present an algorithm that\ngenerates efficiently either particle displacements or annihilations with the\ncorrect statistics, as we prove rigorously. The numerical efficiency of the\nalgorithm is demonstrated with an illustrative example.",
        "positive": "Unified Microscopic Theory of a System of Interacting Bosons: This paper reports the unified microscopic theory of a system of interacting\nbosons such as liquid $^4He$.Each particle in the system represents a $(q;-q)$\npair moving with a centre of mass momentum K.Particles form bound pairs below\n$\\lambda$-point and have a kind of collection binding between them.The binding\nis idenified as an energy gap between the superfluid and the normal states of\nthe system.The $\\lambda$-transition is a consequence of interparticle quantum\ncorrelations.It follows an order-disoder of particles in their phase structure\nas well as the onset of Bose_ Einstein condensatin in the state of $q={\\pi}/d$\nand K=0.In addition to the well known modes of collective motion such as\nphotons,rotons, maxons etc.,the superfluid state also exhibits a new kind of\nquasi-particle,omon,characterised by a phononlike wave of the oscillations of\nthe momentum coordinates of the particle.The theory explains the properties of\n$He-II$ at quantitative level and vindicates the two-fluid theory of Landau.The\npaper finally describes the way this theory could help in understanding the\nsuperfluidity of 1-D and 2-D systems.It also analyses the possibility of\napplying this approach to develop similar framework for a fermion system\nincluding an atomic nucleus."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ising model with variable spin/agent strengths: We introduce varying spin strengths to the Ising model, a central pillar of\nstatistical physics. With inhomogeneous physical systems in mind, but also\nanticipating interdisciplinary applications, we present the model on network\nstructures of varying degrees of complexity. We solve it for the generic case\nof power-law spin strength and find that, with a self-averaging free energy,\nthe model has a rich phase diagram with new universality classes. Indeed, the\ndegree of complexity added by variable spins is on a par to that added by\nendowing simple networks with increasingly realistic geometries. It is suitable\nfor modeling emergent phenomena in many-body systems in contexts where\nnon-identicality of spins or agents plays an essential role and for exporting\nstatistical physics concepts beyond physics.",
        "positive": "Surface and bulk critical behaviour of the XY chain in a transverse\n  field: The surface magnetization of the quantum XY chain in a transverse field is\nfound for arbitrary nearest neighbour interactions in closed form. This allows\nto derive the bulk phase diagram in a simple way. The magnetic surface\nbehaviour and the bulk correlation length are found exactly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A new critical exponent koppa and its logarithmic counterpart koppa-hat: It is well known that standard hyperscaling breaks down above the upper\ncritical dimension d_c, where the critical exponents take on their Landau\nvalues. Here we show that this is because, in standard formulations in the\nthermodynamic limit, distance is measured on the correlation-length scale.\nHowever, the correlation-length scale and the underlying length scale of the\nsystem are not the same at or above the upper critical dimension. Above d_c\nthey are related algebraically through a new critical exponent koppa, while at\nd_c they differ through logarithmic corrections governed by an exponent\nkoppa-hat. Taking proper account of these different length scales allows one to\nextend hyperscaling to all dimensions.",
        "positive": "DNA sequence from the unzipping force? : one mutation problem: The possibility of detecting mutations in a DNA from force measurements (as a\nfirst step towards sequence analysis) is discussed theoretically based on exact\ncalculations. The force signal is associated with the domain wall separating\nthe zipped from the unzipped regions. We propose a comparison method\n(``differential force microscope'') to detect mutations. Two lattice models are\ntreated as specific examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Turing patterns in the Brusselator model: A stochastic version of the Brusselator model is proposed and studied via the\nsystem size expansion. The mean-field equations are derived and shown to yield\nto organized Turing patterns within a specific parameters region. When\ndetermining the Turing condition for instability, we pay particular attention\nto the role of cross diffusive terms, often neglected in the heuristic\nderivation of reaction diffusion schemes. Stochastic fluctuations are shown to\ngive rise to spatially ordered solutions, sharing the same quantitative\ncharacteristic of the mean-field based Turing scenario, in term of excited\nwavelengths. Interestingly, the region of parameter yielding to the stochastic\nself-organization is wider than that determined via the conventional Turing\napproach, suggesting that the condition for spatial order to appear can be less\nstringent than customarily believed.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium phase transitions and tricriticality in a\n  three-dimensional lattice system with random-field competing kinetics: We study a nonequilibrium Ising model that stochastically evolves under the\nsimultaneous operation of several spin-flip mechanisms. In other words, the\nlocal magnetic fields change sign randomly with time due to competing kinetics.\nThis dynamics models a fast and random diffusion of disorder that takes place\nin dilute metallic alloys when magnetic ions diffuse. We performe Monte Carlo\nsimulations on cubic lattices up to L=60. The system exhibits ferromagnetic and\nparamagnetic steady states. Our results predict first-order transitions at low\ntemperatures and large disorder strengths, which correspond to the existence of\na nonequilibrium tricritical point at finite temperature. By means of standard\nfinite-size scaling equations, we estimate the critical exponents in the\nlow-field region, for which our simulations uphold continuous phase\ntransitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster Variation Method in Statistical Physics and Probabilistic\n  Graphical Models: The cluster variation method (CVM) is a hierarchy of approximate variational\ntechniques for discrete (Ising--like) models in equilibrium statistical\nmechanics, improving on the mean--field approximation and the Bethe--Peierls\napproximation, which can be regarded as the lowest level of the CVM. In recent\nyears it has been applied both in statistical physics and to inference and\noptimization problems formulated in terms of probabilistic graphical models.\n  The foundations of the CVM are briefly reviewed, and the relations with\nsimilar techniques are discussed. The main properties of the method are\nconsidered, with emphasis on its exactness for particular models and on its\nasymptotic properties.\n  The problem of the minimization of the variational free energy, which arises\nin the CVM, is also addressed, and recent results about both provably\nconvergent and message-passing algorithms are discussed.",
        "positive": "Normal Transport Behavior in Finite One-Dimensional Chaotic Quantum\n  Systems: We investigate the transport of energy, magnetization, etc. in several finite\none-dimensional (1D) quantum systems only by solving the corresponding\ntime-dependent Schroedinger equation. We explicitly renounce on any other\ntransport-analysis technique. Varying model parameters we find a sharp\ntransition from non-normal to normal transport and a transition from\nintegrability to chaos, i.e., from Poissonian to Wigner-like level statistics.\nThese transitions always appear in conjunction with each other. We investigate\nsome rather abstract design models and a (locally perturbed) Heisenberg spin\nchain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "R-local Delaunay inhibition model: Let us consider the local specification system of Gibbs point process with\ninhib ition pairwise interaction acting on some Delaunay subgraph specifically\nnot con taining the edges of Delaunay triangles with circumscribed circle of\nradius grea ter than some fixed positive real value $R$. Even if we think that\nthere exists at least a stationary Gibbs state associated to such system, we do\nnot know yet how to prove it mainly due to some uncontrolled \"negative\"\ncontribution in the expression of the local energy needed to insert any number\nof points in some large enough empty region of the space. This is solved by\nintroducing some subgraph, called the $R$-local Delaunay graph, which is a\nslight but tailored modification of the previous one. This kind of model does\nnot inherit the local stability property but satisfies s ome new extension\ncalled $R$-local stability. This weakened property combined with the local\nproperty provides the existence o f Gibbs state.",
        "positive": "Intersecting Loop Models on Z^D: Rigorous Results: We consider a general class of (intersecting) loop models in D dimensions,\nincluding those related to high-temperature expansions of well-known spin\nmodels. We find that the loop models exhibit some interesting features - often\nin the ``unphysical'' region of parameter space where all connection with the\noriginal spin Hamiltonian is apparently lost. For a particular n=2, D=2 model,\nwe establish the existence of a phase transition, possibly associated with\ndivergent loops. However, for n >> 1 and arbitrary D there is no phase\ntransition marked by the appearance of large loops. Furthermore, at least for\nD=2 (and n large) we find a phase transition characterised by broken\ntranslational symmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Levy processes in bounded domains: Path-wise reflection scenarios and\n  signatures of confinement: We discuss an impact of various (path-wise) reflection-from-the barrier\nscenarios upon confining properties of a paradigmatic family of symmetric\n$\\alpha $-stable L\\'{e}vy processes, whose permanent residence in a finite\ninterval on a line is secured by a two-sided reflection. Depending on the\nspecific reflection \"mechanism\", the inferred jump-type processes differ in\ntheir spectral and statistical characteristics, like e.g. relaxation\nproperties, and functional shapes of invariant (equilibrium, or asymptotic\nnear-equilibrium) probability density functions in the interval. The analysis\nis carried out in conjunction with attempts to give meaning to the notion of a\nreflecting L\\'{e}vy process, in terms of the domain of its motion generator, to\nwhich an invariant pdf (actually an eigenfunction) does belong.",
        "positive": "Exclusion in Junction Geometries: We investigate the dynamics of the asymmetric exclusion process at a\njunction. When two input roads are initially fully occupied and a single output\nroad is initially empty, the ensuing rarefaction wave has a rich spatial\nstructure. The density profile also changes dramatically as the initial\ndensities are varied. Related phenomenology arises when one road feeds into\ntwo. Finally, we determine the phase diagram of the open system, where\nparticles are fed into two roads at rate $\\alpha$ for each road, the two roads\nmerge into one, and particles are extracted from the single output road at rate\n$\\beta$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cell-veto Monte Carlo algorithm for long-range systems: We present a rigorous efficient event-chain Monte Carlo algorithm for\nlong-range interacting particle systems. Using a cell-veto scheme within the\nfactorized Metropolis algorithm, we compute each single-particle move with a\nfixed number of operations. For slowly decaying potentials such as Coulomb\ninteractions, screening line charges allow us to take into account periodic\nboundary conditions. We discuss the performance of the cell-veto Monte Carlo\nalgorithm for general inverse-power-law potentials, and illustrate how it\nprovides a new outlook on one of the prominent bottlenecks in large-scale\natomistic Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Fractional exclusion statistics with incomplete information: We introduce the hypothesis of incomplete information into the fractional\nexclusion statistics in order to apply the latter to some correlated heavy\nfermion systems. It is shown that the actual inexplicit distribution function\nof FES may be replaced by an equivalent explicit one of which the form does not\nchange with $\\alpha$ value."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Barrier crossing of semiflexible polymers: We consider the motion of semiflexible polymers in double-well potentials. We\ncalculate shape, energy, and effective diffusion constant of kink excitations,\nand in particular their dependence on the bending rigidity of the semiflexible\npolymer. For symmetric potentials, the kink motion is purely diffusive whereas\nkink motion becomes directed in the presence of a driving force on the polymer.\nWe determine the average velocity of the semiflexible polymer based on the kink\ndynamics. The Kramers escape over the potential barriers proceeds by nucleation\nand diffusive motion of kink-antikink pairs, the relaxation to the straight\nconfiguration by annihilation of kink-antikink pairs. Our results apply to the\nactivated motion of biopolymers such as DNA and actin filaments or synthetic\npolyelectrolytes on structured substrates.",
        "positive": "A new entropy based on a group-theoretical structure: A multi-parametric version of the nonadditive entropy $S_{q}$ is introduced.\nThis new entropic form, denoted by $S_{a,b,r}$, possesses many interesting\nstatistical properties, and it reduces to the entropy $S_q$ for $b=0$,\n$a=r:=1-q$ (hence Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy $S_{BG}$ for $b=0$, $a=r \\to 0$). The\nconstruction of the entropy $S_{a,b,r}$ is based on a general group-theoretical\napproach recently proposed by one of us \\cite{Tempesta2}. Indeed, essentially\nall the properties of this new entropy are obtained as a consequence of the\nexistence of a rational group law, which expresses the structure of $S_{a,b,r}$\nwith respect to the composition of statistically independent subsystems.\nDepending on the choice of the parameters, the entropy $S_{a,b,r}$ can be used\nto cover a wide range of physical situations, in which the measure of the\naccessible phase space increases say exponentially with the number of particles\n$N$ of the system, or even stabilizes, by increasing $N$, to a limiting value.\nThis paves the way to the use of this entropy in contexts where a system\n\"freezes\" some or many of its degrees of freedom by increasing the number of\nits constituting particles or subsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Resonant current in coupled inertial Brownian particles with\n  delayed-feedback control: The transport of a walker in rocking feedback-controlled ratchets are\ninvestigated. The walker consists of two coupled \"feet\" that allow the\ninterchange of the order of the particles while the walker moves. In the\nunderdamped case, the deterministic dynamics of the walker in a tilted\nasymmetric ratchet with an external periodic force is considered. It is found\nthat the delayed feedback ratchets with a switching-on-and-off dependence of\nthe states of the system can lead to the absolute negative mobility (ANM). In\nsuch a novel phenomenon the particles move against the bias. Moreover, the\nwalker can acquire a series of resonant steps for different values of the\ncurrent. Remarkably, it is interesting to find that the resonant current of the\nwalker are induced by the phase locked motion that corresponds to the\nsynchronization of the motion with the change in the frequency of the external\ndriving. These resonant steps can be well predicted in terms of time-space\nsymmetry analysis, which is in good agreement with dynamics simulations. The\ntransport performances can be optimized and furthermore controlled by suitably\nadjusting the parameters of the delayed-feedback ratchets.",
        "positive": "Localization of a Gaussian polymer in a weak periodic surface potential\n  disturbed by a single defect: Using the results of the recently studied problem of adsorption of a Gaussian\npolymer in a weak periodic surface potential we study the influence of a single\nrod like defect on the polymer being localized in the periodic surface\npotential. We have found that the polymer will be localized at the defect under\ncondition u>u_c, where u_c is the localization threshold in the periodic\npotential, for any infinitesimal strength of the interaction with defect. We\npredict that the concentration of monomers of the localized polymer decays\nexponentially as a function of the distance to the defect and is modulated with\nthe period of the surface potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of an ideal generalized gas: I Thermodynamic laws: The equations of state for an ideal generalized gas, like an ideal quantum\ngas, are expressed in terms of power laws of the temperature. The reduction of\nan ideal generalized gas to an ideal classical case occurs when the\ncharacteristic empirical temperature exponents in the thermal equation of state\nand in the absolute temperature coincide in contrast to the merger of an ideal\nquantum gas with an ideal classical gas in the high temperature limit. A\ncorollary to Carnot's theorem is proved asserting that the ratio of the work\ndone over a cycle to the heat absorbed to increase the temperature at constant\nvolume is the same for all bodies at the same volume. As power means, the\nenergy and entropy are incomparable and a new adiabatic potential is introduced\nby showing that the volume raised to a characteristic exponent is also the\nintegrating factor for the quantity of heat so that the second law can be based\non the property that power means are monotonically increasing functions of\ntheir order.",
        "positive": "Is a \"homogeneous\" description of dynamic heterogeneities possible?: We study the simplest model of dynamic heterogeneities in glass forming\nliquids: one-spin facilitated kinetic Ising model introduced by Fredrickson and\nAndersen [G.H. Fredrickson and H.C. Andersen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 1244 (1984);\nJ. Chem. Phys. 83, 5822 (1985)]. We show that the low-temperature, long-time\nbehavior of the density autocorrelation function predicted by a scaling\napproach can be obtained from a self-consistent mode-coupling-like\napproximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Zamolodchikov-Faddeev Algebra and Quantum Quenches in Integrable Field\n  Theories: We analyze quantum quenches in integrable models and in particular the\ndetermination of the initial state in the basis of eigenstates of the\npost-quench hamiltonian. This leads us to consider the set of transformations\nof creation and annihilation operators that respect the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev\nalgebra satisfied by integrable models. We establish that the Bogoliubov\ntransformations hold only in the case of quantum quenches in free theories. In\nthe most general case of interacting theories, we identify two classes of\ntransformations. The first class induces a change in the S-matrix of the theory\nbut not of its ground state, whereas the second class results in a \"dressing\"\nof the operators. As examples of our approach we consider the transformations\nassociated with a change of the interaction in the Sinh-Gordon and the\nLieb-Liniger model.",
        "positive": "Reply to the Comment by T. Dauxois, F. Bouchet, S. Ruffo on the paper by\n  A. Rapisarda and A. Pluchino, Europhysics News, 36 (2005) 202: In the comment by T.Dauxois et al.,(cond-mat/0605445), the authors question\nour application of the nonextensive statistical mechanics proposed by Tsallis,\nto explain the anomalous dynamics of the Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model.\nMore specifically they claim that the explanation of the metastability found in\nthe out-of-equilibrium dynamics is only a fitting procedure and is also in\ncontrast with a previous application. This criticism mostly relies on recent\nstudies based on the Vlasov approach, where the authors claim to explain the\nanomalous behaviour of the HMF model in terms of a standard formalism. In order\nto reply to this comment we want to stress a few numerical facts and conclude\nwith some final considerations. A recent paper by P-H. Chavanis\n(cond-mat/0604234) is also important to clarify the question here debated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous dynamics in two- and three- dimensional Heisenberg-Mattis spin\n  glasses: We investigate the spectral and localization properties of unmagnetized\nHeisenberg-Mattis spin glasses, in space dimensionalities $d=2$ and 3, at T=0.\nWe use numerical transfer-matrix methods combined with finite-size scaling to\ncalculate Lyapunov exponents, and eigenvalue-counting theorems, coupled with\nGaussian elimination algorithms, to evaluate densities of states. In $d=2$ we\nfind that all states are localized, with the localization length diverging as\n$\\omega^{-1}$, as energy $\\omega \\to 0$. Logarithmic corrections to density of\nstates behave in accordance with theoretical predictions. In $d=3$ the\ndensity-of-states dependence on energy is the same as for spin waves in pure\nantiferromagnets, again in agreement with theoretical predictions, though the\ncorresponding amplitudes differ.",
        "positive": "Closed-form solutions to the dynamics of confined biased lattice random\n  walks in arbitrary dimensions: Biased lattice random walks (BLRW) are used to model random motion with drift\nin a variety of empirical situations in engineering and natural systems such as\nphototaxis, chemotaxis or gravitaxis. When motion is also affected by the\npresence of external borders resulting from natural barriers or experimental\napparatuses, modelling biased random movement in confinement becomes necessary.\nTo study these scenarios, confined BLRW models have been employed but so far\nonly through computational techniques due to the lack of an analytic framework.\nHere, we lay the groundwork for such an analytical approach by deriving the\nGreen's functions, or propagators, for the confined BLRW in arbitrary\ndimensions and arbitrary boundary conditions. By using these propagators we\nconstruct explicitly the time dependent first-passage probability in one\ndimension for reflecting and periodic domains, while in higher dimensions we\nare able to find its generating function. The latter is used to find the mean\nfirst-passage passage time for a $d$-dimensional box, $d$-dimensional torus or\na combination of both. We show the appearance of surprising characteristics\nsuch as the presence of saddles in the spatio-temporal dynamics of the\npropagator with reflecting boundaries, bimodal features in the first-passage\nprobability in periodic domains and the minimisation of the mean first-return\ntime for a bias of intermediate strength in rectangular domains. Furthermore,\nwe quantify how in a multi-target environment with the presence of a bias\nshorter mean first-passage times can be achieved by placing fewer targets close\nto boundaries in contrast to many targets away from them."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sweeny dynamics for the random-cluster model with small $Q$: The Sweeny algorithm for the $Q$-state random-cluster model in two dimensions\nis shown to exhibit a rich mixture of critical dynamical scaling behaviors. As\n$Q$ decreases, the so-called critical speeding-up for non-local quantities\nbecomes more and more pronounced. However, for some quantity of specific local\npattern -- e.g., the number of half faces on the square lattice, we observe\nthat, as $Q \\to 0$, the integrated autocorrelation time $\\tau$ diverges as\n$Q^{-\\zeta}$, with $\\zeta \\simeq 1/2$, leading to the non-ergodicity of the\nSweeny method for $Q \\to 0$. Such $Q$-dependent critical slowing-down,\nattributed to the peculiar form of the critical bond weight $v=\\sqrt{Q}$, can\nbe eliminated by a combination of the Sweeny and the Kawasaki algorithm.\nMoreover, by classifying the occupied bonds into bridge bonds and backbone\nbonds, and the empty bonds into internal-perimeter bonds and external-perimeter\nbonds, one can formulate an improved version of the Sweeny-Kawasaki method such\nthat the autocorrelation time for any quantity is of order $O(1)$.",
        "positive": "Intruders in the Dust: Air-Driven Granular Size Separation: Using MRI and high-speed video we investigate the motion of a large intruder\nparticle inside a vertically shaken bed of smaller particles. We find a\npronounced, non-monotonic density dependence, with both light and heavy\nintruders moving faster than those whose density is approximately that of the\ngranular bed. For light intruders, we furthermore observe either rising or\nsinking behavior, depending on intruder starting height, boundary condition and\ninterstitial gas pressure. We map out the phase boundary delineating the rising\nand sinking regimes. A simple model can account for much of the observed\nbehavior and show how the two regimes are connected by considering pressure\ngradients across the granular bed during a shaking cycle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A comparative study of $2d$ Ising model at different boundary conditions\n  using non-deterministic Hexagonal Cellular Automata: The spin system of the $2d$ Ising model having a hexagonal-lattice is\nsimulated using non-deterministic Cellular Automata. The method to implement\nthis program is outlined and our results show a good approximation to the exact\nanalytic solution. The phase transition in $2d$ Ising model is studied with a\n$40\\times40$ hexagonal-lattice with five different boundary conditions (bcs)\ni.e., adiabatic, periodic, reflexive, fixed $+1$ and fixed $-1$ with random\norientation of spins as initial conditions in the absence of an external\napplied magnetic field. The critical temperature below which the spontaneous\nmagnetization appears as well as other physical quantities such as the\nmagnetization, energy, specific heat, susceptibility and entropy with each of\nthe bcs are calculated. The phase transition occurs around $T^H_c$ = 1.5 which\napproximates well with the result obtained from exact analytic solution by\nWannier and Houtappel. We compare the behavior of magnetisation per cell for\nfive different types of bcs by calculating the number of points close to the\nline of zero magnetization for $T>T^H_c$. We find that the periodic, adiabatic\nand reflexive bcs give closer approximation to the value of $T^H_c$ than fixed\n$+1$ and fixed $-1$ bcs with all three initial conditions for lattice size less\nthan $50\\times50$. However, for lattice size between $50\\times50$ and\n$200\\times200$, fixed $+1$ bc and fixed $-1$ bc give closer approximation to\nthe $T^H_c$ with initial conditions in which all spins are in down\nconfiguration and all spins are in up configuration respectively.",
        "positive": "Bona Fide Thermodynamic Temperature in Nonequilibrium Kinetic Ising\n  Models: We show that a nominal temperature can be consistently and uniquely defined\neverywhere in the phase diagram of large classes of nonequilibrium kinetic\nIsing spin models. In addition, we confirm the recent proposal that, at\ncritical points, the large-time ``fluctuation-dissipation ratio'' $X_\\infty$ is\na universal amplitude ratio and find in particular $X_\\infty \\approx 0.33(2)$\nand $X_\\infty = 1/2$ for the magnetization in, respectively, the\ntwo-dimensional Ising and voter universality classes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the phase diagram of the random bond $q$-state Potts model: We consider the two-dimensional random bond $q$-state Potts model within the\nrecently introduced exact framework of scale invariant scattering, exhibit the\nline of stable fixed points induced by disorder for arbitrarily large values of\n$q$, and examine the renormalization group pattern for $q>4$, when the\ntransition of the pure model is first order.",
        "positive": "Recurrence dynamics of particulate transport with reversible blockage:\n  from a single channel to a bundle of coupled channels: We model a particulate flow of constant velocity through confined geometries,\nranging from a single channel to a bundle of $N_c$ identical coupled channels,\nunder conditions of reversible blockage. Quantities of interest include the\nexiting particle flux (or throughput) and the probability that the bundle is\nopen. For a constant entering flux, the bundle evolves through a transient\nregime to a steady state. We present analytic solutions for the stationary\nproperties of a single channel with capacity $N\\le 3$ and for a bundle of\nchannels each of capacity $N = 1$. For larger values of $N$ and $N_c$, the\nsystem's steady state behavior is explored by numerical simulation. Depending\non the deblocking time, the exiting flux either increases monotonically with\nintensity or displays a maximum at a finite intensity. For large $N$ we observe\nan abrupt change from a state with few blockages to one in which the bundle is\npermanently blocked and the exiting flux is due entirely to the release of\nblocked particles. We also compare the relative efficiency of coupled and\nuncoupled bundles. For $N=1$ the coupled system is always more efficient, but\nfor $N>1$ the behavior is more complex."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal paths on the road network as directed polymers: We analyze the statistics of the shortest and fastest paths on the road\nnetwork between randomly sampled end points. To a good approximation, these\noptimal paths are found to be directed in that their lengths (at large scales)\nare linearly proportional to the absolute distance between them. This motivates\ncomparisons to universal features of directed polymers in random media. There\nare similarities in scalings of fluctuations in length/time and transverse\nwanderings, but also important distinctions in the scaling exponents, likely\ndue to long-range correlations in geographic and man-made features. At short\nscales the optimal paths are not directed due to circuitous excursions governed\nby a fat-tailed (power-law) probability distribution.",
        "positive": "Kinetic energy and microcanonical nonanalyticities in finite and\n  infinite systems: In contrast to the canonical case, microcanonical thermodynamic functions can\nshow nonanalyticities also for finite systems. In this paper we contribute to\nthe understanding of these nonanalyticities by working out the relation between\nnonanalyticities of the microcanonical entropy and its configurational\ncounterpart. If the configurational microcanonical entropy $\\omega_N^c(v)$ has\na nonanalyticity at $v=v_c$, then the microcanonical entropy\n$\\omega_N(\\epsilon)$ has a nonanalyticity at the same value $\\epsilon=v_c$ of\nits argument for any finite value of the number of degrees of freedom $N$. The\npresence of the kinetic energy weakens the nonanalyticities such that, if the\nconfigurational entropy is $p$ times differentiable, the entropy is $p+\\lfloor\nN/2 \\rfloor$-times differentiable. In the thermodynamic limit, however, the\nbehaviour is very different: The nonanalyticities do not longer occur at the\nsame values of the arguments, but the nonanalyticity of the microcanonical\nentropy is shifted to a larger energy. These results give a general explanation\nof the peculiar behaviour previously observed for the mean-field spherical\nmodel. With the hypercubic model we provide a further example illustrating our\nresults."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian motors: In systems possessing a spatial or dynamical symmetry breaking thermal\nBrownian motion combined with unbiased, non-equilibrium noise gives rise to a\nchannelling of chance that can be used to exercise control over systems at the\nmicro- and even on the nano-scale. This theme is known as ``Brownian motor''\nconcept. The constructive role of (the generally overdamped) Brownian motion is\nexemplified for a noise-induced transport of particles within various set-ups.\nWe first present the working principles and characteristics with a\nproof-of-principle device, a diffusive temperature Brownian motor. Next, we\nconsider very recent applications based on the phenomenon of signal mixing. The\nlatter is particularly simple to implement experimentally in order to optimize\nand selectively control a rich variety of directed transport behaviors. The\nsubtleties and also the potential for Brownian motors operating in the quantum\nregime are outlined and some state-of-the-art applications, together with\nfuture roadways, are presented.",
        "positive": "Geometrical optics of first-passage functionals of random acceleration: Random acceleration is a fundamental stochastic process encountered in many\napplications. In the one-dimensional version of the process a particle is\nrandomly accelerated according to the Langevin equation $\\ddot{x}(t) =\n\\sqrt{2D} \\xi(t)$, where $x(t)$ is the particle's coordinate, $\\xi(t)$ is\nGaussian white noise with zero mean, and $D$ is the particle velocity diffusion\nconstant. Here we evaluate the $A\\to 0$ tail of the distribution $P_n(A|L)$ of\nthe functional $I[x(t)]=\\int_0^{T} x^n(t) dt=A$, where $T$ is the first-passage\ntime of the particle from a specified point $x=L$ to the origin, and $n\\geq 0$.\nWe employ the optimal fluctuation method akin to geometrical optics. Its\ncrucial element is determination of the optimal path -- the most probable\nrealization of the random acceleration process $x(t)$, conditioned on specified\n$A\\to 0$, $n$ and $L$. This realization dominates the probability distribution\n$P_n(A|L)$. We show that the $A\\to 0$ tail of this distribution has a universal\nessential singularity, $P_n(A\\to 0|L) \\sim \\exp\\left(-\\frac{\\alpha_n\nL^{3n+2}}{DA^3}\\right)$, where $\\alpha_n$ is an $n$-dependent number which we\ncalculate analytically for $n=0,1$ and $2$ and numerically for other $n$. For\n$n=0$ our result agrees with the asymptotic of the previously found\nfirst-passage time distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Neutron fluctuations: the importance of being delayed: The neutron population in a nuclear reactor is subject to fluctuations in\ntime and in space due to the competition of diffusion by scattering, births by\nfission events, and deaths by absorptions. As such, fission chains provide a\nprototype model for the study of spatial clustering phenomena. In order for the\nreactor to be operated in stationary conditions at the critical point, the\npopulation of prompt neutrons instantaneously emitted at fission must be in\nequilibrium with the much smaller population of delayed neutrons, emitted after\na Poissonian time by nuclear decay of the fissioned nuclei. In this work, we\nwill show that the delayed neutrons, although representing a tiny fraction of\nthe total number of neutrons in the reactor, have actually a key impact on the\nfluctuations, and their contribution is very effective in quenching the spatial\nclustering.",
        "positive": "Detecting Network Communities: a new systematic and efficient algorithm: An efficient and relatively fast algorithm for the detection of communities\nin complex networks is introduced. The method exploits spectral properties of\nthe graph Laplacian-matrix combined with hierarchical-clustering techniques,\nand includes a procedure to maximize the ``modularity'' of the output. Its\nperformance is compared with that of other existing methods, as applied to\ndifferent well-known instances of complex networks with a community-structure:\nboth computer-generated and from the real-world. Our results are in all the\ntested cases, at least, as good as the best ones obtained with any other\nmethods, and faster in most of the cases than methods providing similar-quality\nresults. This converts the algorithm in a valuable computational tool for\ndetecting and analyzing communities and modular structures in complex networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Ergodicity Breaking: a Random Walk Approach: The continuous time random walk (CTRW) model exhibits a non-ergodic phase\nwhen the average waiting time diverges. Using an analytical approach for the\nnon-biased and the uniformly biased CTRWs, and numerical simulations for the\nCTRW in a potential field, we obtain the non-ergodic properties of the random\nwalk which show strong deviations from Boltzmann--Gibbs theory. We derive the\ndistribution function of occupation times in a bounded region of space which,\nin the ergodic phase recovers the Boltzmann--Gibbs theory, while in the\nnon-ergodic phase yields a generalized non-ergodic statistical law.",
        "positive": "Percolation Systems away from the Critical Point: This article reviews some effects of disorder in percolation systems even\naway from the critical density p_c. For densities below p_c, the statistics of\nlarge clusters defines the animals problem. Its relation to the directed\nanimals problem and the Lee-Yang edge singularity problem is described. Rare\ncompact clusters give rise to Griffiths singuraties in the free energy of\ndiluted ferromagnets, and lead to a very slow relaxation of magnetization. In\nbiassed diffusion on percolation clusters, trapping in dead-end branches leads\nto asymptotic drift velocity becoming zero for strong bias, and very slow\nrelaxation of velocity near the critical bias field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Absorbing phase transition in a unidirectionally coupled layered network: We study the contact process on layered networks in which each layer is\nunidirectionally coupled to the next layer. Each layer has elements sitting on\ni) Erd{\\\"o}s-R{\\'e}yni network, ii) a $d$-dimensional lattice. The layer at the\ntop which is not connected to any layer. The top layer undergoes absorbing\ntransition in the directed percolation class for the corresponding topology.\nThe critical point for absorbing transition is the same for all layers. For\nErdos-Reyni network order parameter $\\rho(t)$ decays as $t^{-\\delta_l}$ at the\ncritical point for $l'$th layer with $\\delta_l \\sim 2^{1-l}$. This can be\nexplained with a hierarchy of differential equations in the mean-field\napproximation. The dynamic exponent $z$ is $0.5$ for all layers and the value\nof $\\nu_{\\parallel}$ tends to 2 for larger $l$. For a d-dimensional lattice, we\nobserve stretched exponential decay of order parameter for all but top layer at\nthe critical point.",
        "positive": "Study of potential Hamiltonians for quantum graphity: In this work we show that the simple Hamiltonians used in Quantum Graphity\nmodels are highly degenerate, having multiple ground states that are not\nlattices. In order to assess the distance of the resulting graphs from a\nlattice graph, we propose a new measure of the equivalence of vertices in the\ngraph. We then propose a Hamiltonian that has a rectangular lattice as a ground\nstate that appears to be non-degenerate. The resulting graphs are close to\nbeing a rectangular lattice, and the defects from the perfect lattice seem to\nbehave like particles of quantized mass that attract one another."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cold and Warm Denaturation of Proteins: We introduce a simplified protein model where the water degrees of freedom\nappear explicitly (although in an extremely simplified fashion). Using this\nmodel we are able to recover both the warm and the cold protein denaturation\nwithin a single framework, while addressing important issues about the\nstructure of model proteins.",
        "positive": "A forced thermal ratchet in a memory heat bath: The present work studies a non-Markovian forced thermal ratchet model on an\nasymmetric periodic potential. The Brownian dynamics is described by a\ngeneralized Langevin equation with an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck-type friction memory\nkernel. We show that for the case of a time-dependent driving force, also in\nthe form of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck-like process, an exact expression of the\nprobability current can be derived. We also obtain the behavior of the\nparticle's average rate of flow as a function of the external amplitude force\nand of the bath temperature when the driving force behaves as a square wave\nmodulation. All our results are compared with those obtained in the Markovian\ncase and we find, fairly remarkably, that in some cases a friction memory\nkernel results in an enhancement of the current"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Markov processes conditioned on large deviations: We consider the problem of conditioning a Markov process on a rare event and\nof representing this conditioned process by a conditioning-free process, called\nthe effective or driven process. The basic assumption is that the rare event\nused in the conditioning is a large deviation-type event, characterized by a\nconvex rate function. Under this assumption, we construct the driven process\nvia a generalization of Doob's $h$-transform, used in the context of bridge\nprocesses, and show that this process is equivalent to the conditioned process\nin the long-time limit. The notion of equivalence that we consider is based on\nthe logarithmic equivalence of path measures and implies that the two processes\nhave the same typical states. In constructing the driven process, we also prove\nequivalence with the so-called exponential tilting of the Markov process, which\nis used with importance sampling to simulate rare events, and which gives rise,\nfrom the point of view of statistical mechanics, to a nonequilibrium version of\nthe canonical ensemble. Other links between our results and the topics of\nbridge processes, quasi-stationary distributions, stochastic control, and\nconditional limit theorems are mentioned.",
        "positive": "Gapless kinetic theory beyond the Popov approximation: We present a unified kinetic theory that describes the finite-temperature,\nnon-equilibrium dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensed gas interacting with a\nthermal cloud. This theory includes binary interactions to second order in the\ninteraction potential and reduces to a diagonal quantum Boltzmann equation for\nBogoliubov quasiparticles. The Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov interactions include the\npairing field and are expressed as many-body $T$ matrices to second order. The\ninteractions thus include the correct renormalized scattering physics. This\nrenormalized theory is automatically gapless. Thus, the excited Bogoliubov\nmodes are naturally orthogonal to the condensate ground state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fracture of disordered solids in compression as a critical phenomenon:\n  I. Statistical mechanics formalism: This is the first of a series of three articles that treats fracture\nlocalization as a critical phenomenon. This first article establishes a\nstatistical mechanics based on ensemble averages when fluctuations through time\nplay no role in defining the ensemble. Ensembles are obtained by dividing a\nhuge rock sample into many mesoscopic volumes. Because rocks are a disordered\ncollection of grains in cohesive contact, we expect that once shear strain is\napplied and cracks begin to arrive in the system, the mesoscopic volumes will\nhave a wide distribution of different crack states. These mesoscopic volumes\nare the members of our ensembles. We determine the probability of observing a\nmesoscopic volume to be in a given crack state by maximizing Shannon's measure\nof the emergent crack disorder subject to constraints coming from the\nenergy-balance of brittle fracture. The laws of thermodynamics, the partition\nfunction, and the quantification of temperature are obtained for such cracking\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of Viscoplastic Deformation in Amorphous Solids: We propose a dynamical theory of low-temperature shear deformation in\namorphous solids. Our analysis is based on molecular-dynamics simulations of a\ntwo-dimensional, two-component noncrystalline system. These numerical\nsimulations reveal behavior typical of metallic glasses and other viscoplastic\nmaterials, specifically, reversible elastic deformation at small applied\nstresses, irreversible plastic deformation at larger stresses, a stress\nthreshold above which unbounded plastic flow occurs, and a strong dependence of\nthe state of the system on the history of past deformations. Microscopic\nobservations suggest that a dynamically complete description of the macroscopic\nstate of this deforming body requires specifying, in addition to stress and\nstrain, certain average features of a population of two-state shear\ntransformation zones. Our introduction of these new state variables into the\nconstitutive equations for this system is an extension of earlier models of\ncreep in metallic glasses. In the treatment presented here, we specialize to\ntemperatures far below the glass transition, and postulate that irreversible\nmotions are governed by local entropic fluctuations in the volumes of the\ntransformation zones. In most respects, our theory is in good quantitative\nagreement with the rich variety of phenomena seen in the simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of a class of one-dimensional nonequilibrium stochastic\n  models: We consider various one-dimensional non-equilibrium models, namely the {\\it\ndiffusion-limited pair-annihilation and creation model}\n  (DPAC) and its unbiased version (the Lushnikov's model), the DPAC model with\nparticle injection (DPACI), as well as (biased) diffusion-limited coagulation\nmodel (DC). We study the DPAC model using an approach based on a duality\ntransformation and the generating function of the dual model. We are able to\ncompute exactly the density and correlation functions in the general case with\narbitrary initial states. Further, we assume that a source injects particles in\nthe system. Solving, via the duality transformation, the equations of motions\nof the density and the non-instantaneous two-point correlation functions, we\nsee how the source affects the dynamics. Finally we extend the previous results\nto the DC model with help of a {\\it similarity transformation}.",
        "positive": "Strong Coupling Thermodynamics and Stochastic Thermodynamics from the\n  Unifying Perspective of Time-Scale Separation: Assuming time-scale separation, a simple and unified theory of thermodynamics\nand stochastic thermodynamics is constructed for small classical systems\nstrongly interacting with its environment in a controllable fashion. The total\nHamiltonian is decomposed into a bath part and a system part, the latter being\nthe Hamiltonian of mean force. Both the conditional equilibrium of bath and the\nreduced equilibrium of the system are described by canonical ensemble theories\nwith respect to their own Hamiltonians. The bath free energy is independent of\nthe system variables and the control parameter. Furthermore, the weak coupling\ntheory of stochastic thermodynamics becomes applicable almost verbatim, even if\nthe interaction and correlation between the system and its environment are\nstrong and varied externally. Finally, this TSS-based approach also leads to\nsome new insights about the origin of the second law of thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The kappa parameter and kappa-distribution in kappa-deformed statistics\n  for the systems in an external field: The kappa-deformed statistics has been studied in many papers. It is\nnaturally important question for us to ask what should the kappa parameter\nstand for and under what physical situation should the kappa-deformed\nstatistics be suitable for the statistical description of a system. In this\npaper, we have derived a formula expression of kappa parameter based on the\nkappa-H theorem, the kappa-velocity distribution and the generalized Boltzmann\nequation in the framework of kappa-deformed statistics. We thus obtain a\nphysical interpretation for the kappa parameter different from zero with regard\nto the temperature gradient and the external force field. We show that, as the\nq-statistics based on Tsallis entropy, the kappa-deformed statistics may also\nbe the candidate one suitable for the statistical description of the systems in\nexternal fields when being in the nonequilibrium stationary state, but has\ndifferent physical characteristics. Namely, the kappa-distribution is found to\ndescribe the nonequilibrium stationary state of the system where the external\nforce should be vertical to the temperature gradient.",
        "positive": "Granular Motor in the Non-Brownian Limit: In this work we experimentally study a granular rotor which is similar to the\nfamous Smoluchowski-Feynman device and which consists of a rotor with four\nvanes immersed in a granular gas. Each side of the vanes can be composed of two\ndifferent materials, creating a rotational asymmetry and turning the rotor into\na ratchet. When the granular temperature is high, the rotor is in movement all\nthe time, and its angular velocity distribution is well described by the\nBrownian Limit discussed in previous works. When the granular temperature is\nlowered considerably we enter the so-called Single Kick Limit, where collisions\noccur rarely and the unavoidable external friction causes the rotor to be at\nrest for most of the time. We find that the existing models are not capable of\nadequately describing the experimentally observed distribution in this limit.\nWe trace back this discrepancy to the non-constancy of the deceleration due to\nexternal friction and show that incorporating this effect into the existing\nmodels leads to full agreement with our experiments. Subsequently, we extend\nthis model to describe the angular velocity distribution of the rotor for any\ntemperature of the gas, and obtain a very good agreement between the model and\nexperimental data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling phenomena driven by inhomogeneous conditions at first-order\n  quantum transitions: We investigate the effects of smooth inhomogeneities at first-order quantum\ntransitions (FOQT), such as those arising from the presence of a\nspace-dependent external field, which smooths out the typical discontinuities\nof the low-energy properties. We argue that scaling phenomena develop at the\ntransition region where the external field takes the value corresponding to the\nFOQT of the homogenous system. We present numerical evidence of such scaling\nphenomena at the FOQTs of quantum Ising chains, driven by a parallel magnetic\nfield when the system is in the ferromagnetic phase, and at the FOQT of the\nq-state Potts chain for q>4, driven by an even temperature-like parameter\ngiving rise to a discontinuity of the ground-state energy density.",
        "positive": "Decoherence and energy flow in the sunburst quantum Ising model: We study the post-quench unitary dynamics of a quantum sunburst spin model,\ncomposed of a transverse-field quantum Ising ring which is suddenly coupled to\na set of independent external qubits along the longitudinal direction, in a way\nto respect a residual translation invariance and the Ising $\\mathbb{Z}_2$\nsymmetry. Starting from the different equilibrium quantum phases of the system,\nwe characterize the decoherence and the energy storage in the external qubits,\nwhich may be interpreted as a probing apparatus for the inner Ising ring. Our\nresults show that, in proximity of the quantum transitions of the Ising ring,\neither first-order or continuous, it is possible to put forward dynamic FSS\nframeworks which unveil peculiar scaling regimes, depending on the way in which\nthe large-size limit is taken: either by fixing the number $n$ of probing\nqubits, or their interspace distance $b$. In any case, the dependence of the\nvarious observables on $n$ can be reabsorbed into a redefinition of the quench\nparameter by a $\\sqrt{n}$ prefactor. We also address the role of a\nnearest-neighbor coupling between the external qubits."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A multi-lane TASEP model for crossing pedestrian traffic flows: A one-way {\\em street} of width M is modeled as a set of M parallel\none-dimensional TASEPs. The intersection of two perpendicular streets is a\nsquare lattice of size M times M. We consider hard core particles entering each\nstreet with an injection probability \\alpha. On the intersection square the\nhard core exclusion creates a many-body problem of strongly interacting TASEPs\nand we study the collective dynamics that arises. We construct an efficient\nalgorithm that allows for the simulation of streets of infinite length, which\nhave sharply defined critical jamming points. The algorithm employs the `frozen\nshuffle update', in which the randomly arriving particles have fully\ndeterministic bulk dynamics. High precision simulations for street widths up to\nM=24 show that when \\alpha increases, there occur jamming transitions at a\nsequence of M critical values \\alphaM,M < \\alphaM,M-1 < ... < \\alphaM,1. As M\ngrows, the principal transition point \\alphaM,M decreases roughly as \\sim\n1/(log M) in the range of M values studied. We show that a suitable order\nparameter is provided by a reflection coefficient associated with the particle\ncurrent in each TASEP.",
        "positive": "Coarsening of two dimensional XY model with Hamiltonian dynamics:\n  Logarithmically divergent vortex mobility: We investigate the coarsening kinetics of an XY model defined on a square\nlattice when the underlying dynamics is governed by energy-conserving\nHamiltonian equation of motion. We find that the apparent super-diffusive\ngrowth of the length scale can be interpreted as the vortex mobility diverging\nlogarithmically in the size of the vortex-antivortex pair, where the time\ndependence of the characteristic length scale can be fitted as $L(t) \\sim\n((t+t_{0}) \\ln(t+t_{0}))^{1/2}$ with a finite offset time $t_0$. This\ninterpretation is based on a simple phenomenological model of vortex-antivortex\nannihilation to explain the growth of the coarsening length scale $L(t)$. The\nnonequilibrium spin autocorrelation function $A(t)$ and the growing length\nscale $L(t)$ are related by $A(t) \\simeq L^{-\\lambda}(t)$ with a distinctive\nexponent of $\\lambda \\simeq 2.21$ (for $E=0.4$) possibly reflecting the strong\neffect of propagating spin wave modes. We also investigate the nonequilibrium\nrelaxation (NER) of the system under sudden heating of the system from a\nperfectly ordered state to the regime of quasi-long-range order, which provides\na very accurate estimation of the equilibrium correlation exponent $\\eta (E) $\nfor a given energy $E$. We find that both the equal-time spatial correlation\n$C_{nr}(r,t)$ and the NER autocorrelation $A_{nr}(t)$ exhibit scaling features\nconsistent with the dynamic exponent of $z_{nr} = 1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical phenomena in presence of symmetric absorbing states: a\n  microscopic spin model with tunable parameters: The Langevin description of systems with two symmetric absorbing states\nyields a phase diagram with three different phases (disordered and active,\nordered and active, absorbing) separated by critical lines belonging to three\ndifferent universality classes (generalized voter, Ising, and directed\npercolation). In this paper we present a microscopic spin model with two\nsymmetric absorbing states that has the property that the model parameters can\nbe varied in a continuous way. Our results, obtained through extensive\nnumerical simulations, indicate that all features of the Langevin description\nare encountered for our two-dimensionsal microscopic spin model. Thus the Ising\nand direction percolation lines merge into a generalized voter critical line at\na point in parameter space that is not identical to the classical voter model.\nA vast range of different quantities are used to determine the universality\nclasses of the order-disorder and absorbing phase transitions. The\ninvestigation of time-dependent quantities at a critical point belonging to the\ngeneralized voter universality class reveals a more complicated picture than\npreviously discussed in the literature.",
        "positive": "Relation between the convective field and the stationary probability\n  distribution of chemical reaction networks: We investigate the relation between the stationary probability distribution\nof chemical reaction systems and the convective field derived from the chemical\nFokker-Planck equation (CFPE) by comparing predictions of the convective field\nto the results of stochastic simulations based on Gillespie's algorithm. The\nconvective field takes into account the drift term of the CFPE and the reaction\nbias introduced by the diffusion term. For one-dimensional systems, fixed\npoints and bifurcations of the convective field correspond to extrema and\nphenomenological bifurcations of the stationary probability distribution\nwhenever the CFPE is a good approximation to the stochastic dynamics. This\nprovides an efficient way to calculate the effect of system size on the number\nand location of probability maxima and their phenomenological bifurcations in\nparameter space. For two-dimensional systems, we study models that have\nsaddle-node and Hopf bifurcations in the macroscopic limit. Here, the existence\nof two stable fixed points of the convective field correlates either with two\npeaks of the stationary probability distribution, or with a peak and a\nshoulder. In contrast, a Hopf bifurcation that occurs in the convective field\nfor decreasing system size is not accompanied by the onset of a crater-shaped\nprobability distribution; decreasing system size rather destroys craters and\nreplaces them by local maxima."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Higher order terms in the condensate fraction of a homogeneous and\n  dilute Bose gas: The condensate fraction of a homogeneous and dilute Bose gas is expanded as a\npower series of $\\sqrt{n a^3}$ as $N_0/N = 1 -c_1 (n a^3)^{1/2} -c_2 (n a^3) -\nc_3 (n a^3)^{3/2}\\hdots.$ The coefficient $c_1$ is well-known as $8/3\n\\sqrt{\\pi}$, but the others are unknown yet. Considering two-body contact\ninteractions and applying a canonical transformation method twice we developed\nthe method to obtain the higher order coefficients analytically. An iteration\nmethod is applied to make up a cutoff in a fluctuation term. The coefficients\nares $c_2=2(\\pi - 8/3)$ and $c_3=(4/\\sqrt{\\pi}) (\\pi -8/3)(10/3-\\pi)$.",
        "positive": "Directed Loop Updates for Quantum Lattice Models: This article outlines how the quantum Monte Carlo directed loop update\nrecently introduced can be applied to a wide class of quantum lattice models.\nSeveral models are considered: Spin-S XXZ models with longitudinal and\ntransverse magnetic fields, boson models with two-body interactions, and 1D\nspinful fermion models. Expressions are given for the parameter regimes were\nvery efficient \"no-bounce\" quantum Monte Carlo algorithms can be found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Criticality of the excess energy cost due to the unit-flux-quantum\n  external field for the $(2+1)$D superfluid-insulator transition: The two-dimensional ($2$D) spin-$S=1$ $XY$ model was investigated numerically\nas a realization of the $(2+1)$D superfluid-Mott-insulator (SF-MI) transition.\nThe interaction parameters are extended so as to suppress corrections to\nfinite-size scaling. Thereby, the external field of a unit flux quantum\n($\\Phi=2\\pi$) is applied to the 2D cluster by incorporating the phase factor\n$e^{i\\phi_{ij}}$ ($\\phi_{ij}$: gauge angle between the $i$ and $j$ sites) into\nthe hopping amplitudes. Taking the advantage in that the exact-diagonalization\nmethod allows us to treat such a complex-valued matrix element, we evaluated\nthe excess energy cost $\\Delta E(2\\pi)$ due to the magnetic flux $\\Phi=2\\pi$\nexplicitly in the SF ($XY$) phase. As a result, we found that the amplitude\nratio $\\rho_s / \\Delta E(2\\pi)$ ($\\rho_s$: spin stiffness) makes sense in\nproximity to the critical point, exhibiting a notable plateau in the SF-phase\nside. The plateau height is estimated, and compared to the related studies.",
        "positive": "Above and Beyond the Landauer Bound: Thermodynamics of Modularity: Information processing typically occurs via the composition of modular units,\nsuch as universal logic gates. The benefit of modular information processing,\nin contrast to globally integrated information processing, is that complex\nglobal computations are more easily and flexibly implemented via a series of\nsimpler, localized information processing operations which only control and\nchange local degrees of freedom. We show that, despite these benefits, there\nare unavoidable thermodynamic costs to modularity---costs that arise directly\nfrom the operation of localized processing and that go beyond Landauer's\ndissipation bound for erasing information. Integrated computations can achieve\nLandauer's bound, however, when they globally coordinate the control of all of\nan information reservoir's degrees of freedom. Unfortunately, global\ncorrelations among the information-bearing degrees of freedom are easily lost\nby modular implementations. This is costly since such correlations are a\nthermodynamic fuel. We quantify the minimum irretrievable dissipation of\nmodular computations in terms of the difference between the change in global\nnonequilibrium free energy, which captures these global correlations, and the\nlocal (marginal) change in nonequilibrium free energy, which bounds modular\nwork production. This modularity dissipation is proportional to the amount of\nadditional work required to perform the computational task modularly. It has\nimmediate consequences for physically embedded transducers, known as\ninformation ratchets. We show how to circumvent modularity dissipation by\ndesigning internal ratchet states that capture the global correlations and\npatterns in the ratchet's information reservoir. Designed in this way,\ninformation ratchets match the optimum thermodynamic efficiency of globally\nintegrated computations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renewal and memory properties in the random growth of surfaces: We use the model of ballistic deposition as a simple way to establish\ncooperation among the columns of a growing surface, \\emph{the single individual\nof the same society}. We show that cooperation generates memory properties and\nat same time non-Poisson renewal events. The variable generating memory can be\nregarded as the velocity of a particle driven by a bath with the same time\nscale, and the variable generating renewal processes is the corresponding\ndiffusional coordinate.",
        "positive": "Potts models on hierarchical lattices and Renormalization Group dynamics\n  II: examples and numerical results: We obtain the exact renormalization map and plots of Lee-Yang and Fisher\nzeros distributions for Potts models on a number of hierarchical lattices: the\ndiamond hierarchical lattice, a lattice we call spider web, the Sierpinski\ngasket and cylinders. Such models are only examples among the ones we can study\nin the general framework of hierarchical lattices, developed in a previous\npaper."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of coating rate on morphology of copper surfaces: We have used standard fractal analysis and Markov approach to obtain further\ninsights on roughness and multifractality of different surfaces. The effect of\ncoating rates on generating topographic rough surfaces in copper thin films\nwith same thickness has been studied using atomic force microscopy technique\n(AFM). Our results show that by increasing the coating rates, correlation\nlength (grain sizes) and Markov length are decreased and roughness exponent is\ndecreased and our surfaces become more multifractal. Indeed, by decreasing the\ncoating rate, the relaxation time of embedding the particles is increased.",
        "positive": "Dense Packings of the Platonic and Archimedean Solids: Dense packings have served as useful models of the structure of liquid,\nglassy and crystal states of matter, granular media, heterogeneous materials,\nand biological systems. Probing the symmetries and other mathematical\nproperties of the densest packings is a problem of long-standing interest in\ndiscrete geometry and number theory. The preponderance of previous work has\nfocused on spherical particles, and very little is known about dense polyhedral\npackings. We formulate the problem of generating dense packings of polyhedra\nwithin an adaptive fundamental cell subject to periodic boundary conditions as\nan optimization problem, which we call the Adaptive Shrinking Cell (ASC)\nscheme. This novel optimization problem is solved here (using a variety of\nmulti-particle initial configurations) to find dense packings of each of the\nPlatonic solids in three-dimensional Euclidean space. We find the densest known\npackings of tetrahedra, octahedra, dodecahedra and icosahedra with densities\n$0.782...$, $0.947...$, $0.904...$, and $0.836...$, respectively. Unlike the\ndensest tetrahedral packing, which must be a non-Bravais lattice packing, the\ndensest packings of the other non-tiling Platonic solids that we obtain are\ntheir previously known optimal (Bravais) lattice packings. Our simulations\nresults, rigorous upper bounds that we derive, and theoretical arguments lead\nus to the strong conjecture that the densest packings of the Platonic and\nArchimedean solids with central symmetry are given by their corresponding\ndensest lattice packings. This is the analog of Kepler's sphere conjecture for\nthese solids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Poissonian cellular Potts models reveal nonequilibrium kinetics of cell\n  sorting: Cellular Potts models are broadly applied across developmental biology and\ncancer research. We overcome limitations of the traditional approach, which\nreinterprets a modified Metropolis sampling as ad hoc dynamics, by introducing\na physical timescale through Poissonian kinetics and by applying principles of\nstochastic thermodynamics to separate thermal and relaxation effects from\nathermal noise and nonconservative forces. Our method accurately describes\ncell-sorting dynamics in mouse-embryo development and identifies the distinct\ncontributions of nonequilibrium processes, e.g. cell growth and active\nfluctuations.",
        "positive": "Density large deviations for multidimensional stochastic hyperbolic\n  conservation laws: We investigate the density large deviation function for a multidimensional\nconservation law in the vanishing viscosity limit, when the probability\nconcentrates on weak solutions of a hyperbolic conservation law conservation\nlaw. When the conductivity and dif-fusivity matrices are proportional, i.e. an\nEinstein-like relation is satisfied, the problem has been solved in [4]. When\nthis proportionality does not hold, we compute explicitly the large deviation\nfunction for a step-like density profile, and we show that the associated\noptimal current has a non trivial structure. We also derive a lower bound for\nthe large deviation function, valid for a general weak solution, and leave the\ngeneral large deviation function upper bound as a conjecture."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rigorous results on spontaneous symmetry breaking in a one-dimensional\n  driven particle system: We study spontaneous symmetry breaking in a one-dimensional driven\ntwo-species stochastic cellular automaton with parallel sublattice update and\nopen boundaries. The dynamics are symmetric with respect to interchange of\nparticles. Starting from an empty initial lattice, the system enters a symmetry\nbroken state after some time T_1 through an amplification loop of initial\nfluctuations. It remains in the symmetry broken state for a time T_2 through a\ntraffic jam effect. Applying a simple martingale argument, we obtain rigorous\nasymptotic estimates for the expected times <T_1> ~ L ln(L) and ln(<T_2>) ~ L,\nwhere L is the system size. The actual value of T_1 depends strongly on the\ninitial fluctuation in the amplification loop. Numerical simulations suggest\nthat T_2 is exponentially distributed with a mean that grows exponentially in\nsystem size. For the phase transition line we argue and confirm by simulations\nthat the flipping time between sign changes of the difference of particle\nnumbers approaches an algebraic distribution as the system size tends to\ninfinity.",
        "positive": "Scaling of wetting and pre-wetting transitions on nano-patterned walls: We consider a nano-patterned planar wall consisting of a periodic array of\nstripes of width $L$, which are completely wet by liquid (contact angle\n$\\theta=0$), separated by regions of width $D$ which are completely dry\n(contact angle $\\theta=\\pi)$. Using microscopic Density Functional Theory we\nshow that in the presence of long-ranged dispersion forces, the wall-gas\ninterface undergoes a first-order wetting transition, at bulk coexistence, as\nthe separation $D$ is reduced to a value $D_w\\propto\\ln L$, induced by the\nbridging between neighboring liquid droplets. Associated with this is a line of\npre-wetting transitions occurring off coexistence. By varying the stripe width\n$L$ we show that the pre-wetting line shows universal scaling behaviour and\ndata collapse. This verifies predictions based on mesoscopic models for the\nscaling properties associated with finite-size effects at complete wetting\nincluding the logarithmic singular contribution to the surface free-energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact general solution to the three-dimensional Ising model and a\n  self-consistency equation for the nearest-neighbors' correlations: We find an exact general solution to the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model\nvia an exact self-consistency equation for nearest-neighbors' correlations. It\nis derived by means of an exact solution to the recurrence equations for\npartial contractions of creation and annihilation operators for constrained\nspin bosons in a Holstein-Primakoff representation. In particular, we calculate\nanalytically the total irreducible self-energy, the order parameter, the\ncorrelation functions, and the joined occupation probabilities of spin bosons.\nThe developed regular microscopic quantum-field-theory method has a potential\nfor a full solution of a long-standing and still open problem of 3D critical\nphenomena.",
        "positive": "Relativistic viscoelastic fluid mechanics: A detailed study is carried out for the relativistic theory of\nviscoelasticity which was recently constructed on the basis of Onsager's linear\nnonequilibrium thermodynamics. After rederiving the theory using a local\nargument with the entropy current, we show that this theory universally reduces\nto the standard relativistic Navier-Stokes fluid mechanics in the long time\nlimit. Since effects of elasticity are taken into account, the dynamics at\nshort time scales is modified from that given by the Navier-Stokes equations,\nso that acausal problems intrinsic to relativistic Navier-Stokes fluids are\nsignificantly remedied. We in particular show that the wave equations for the\npropagation of disturbance around a hydrostatic equilibrium in Minkowski\nspacetime become symmetric hyperbolic for some range of parameters, so that the\nmodel is free of acausality problems. This observation suggests that the\nrelativistic viscoelastic model with such parameters can be regarded as a\ncausal completion of relativistic Navier-Stokes fluid mechanics. By adjusting\nparameters to various values, this theory can treat a wide variety of materials\nincluding elastic materials, Maxwell materials, Kelvin-Voigt materials, and (a\nnonlinearly generalized version of) simplified Israel-Stewart fluids, and thus\nwe expect the theory to be the most universal description of single-component\nrelativistic continuum materials. We also show that the presence of strains and\nthe corresponding change in temperature are naturally unified through the\nTolman law in a generally covariant description of continuum mechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of a Brownian particle in a non-confining potential: We consider the overdamped Brownian dynamics of a particle starting inside a\nsquare potential well which, upon exiting the well, experiences a flat\npotential where it is free to diffuse. We calculate the particle's probability\ndistribution function (PDF) at coordinate $x$ and time $t$, $P(x,t)$, by\nsolving the corresponding Smoluchowski equation. The solution is expressed by a\nmultipole expansion, with each term decaying $t^{1/2}$ faster than the previous\none. At asymptotically large times, the PDF outside the well converges to the\nGaussian PDF of a free Brownian particle. The average energy, which is\nproportional to the probability of finding the particle inside the well,\ndiminishes as $E\\sim 1/t^{1/2}$. Interestingly, we find that the free energy of\nthe particle, $F$, approaches the free energy of a freely diffusing particle,\n$F_0$, as $\\delta F=F-F_0\\sim 1/t$, i.e., at a rate faster than $E$. We provide\nanalytical and computational evidences that this scaling behavior of $\\delta F$\nis a general feature of Brownian dynamics in non-confining potential fields.\nFurthermore, we argue that $\\delta F$ represents a diminishing entropic\ncomponent which is localized in the region of the potential, and which diffuses\naway with the spreading particle without being transferred to the heat bath.",
        "positive": "Aggregation with constant kernel under stochastic resetting: The model of binary aggregation with constant kernel is subjected to\nstochastic resetting: aggregates of any size explode into monomers at\nindependent stochastic times. These resetting times are Poisson distributed,\nand the rate of the process is called the resetting rate. The master equation\nyields a Bernoulli-type equation in the generating function of the\nconcentration of aggregates of any size, which can be solved exactly. This\nresetting prescription leads to a non-equilibrium steady state for the\ndensities of aggregates, which is a function of the size of the aggregate,\nrescaled by a function of the resetting rate. The steady-state density of\naggregates of a given size is maximised if the resetting rate is set to the\nquotient of the aggregation rate by the size of the aggregate (minus one)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conditional expectation of the duration of the classical gambler problem\n  with defects: The effect of space inhomogeneities on a diffusing particle is studied in the\nframework of the 1D random walk. The typical time needed by a particle to cross\na one--dimensional finite lane, the so--called residence time, is computed\npossibly in presence of a drift. A local inhomogeneity is introduced as a\nsingle defect site with jumping probabilities differing from those at all the\nother regular sites of the system. We find complex behaviors in the sense that\nthe residence time is not monotonic as a function of some parameters of the\nmodel, such as the position of the defect site. In particular we show that\nintroducing at suitable positions a defect opposing to the motion of the\nparticles decreases the residence time, i.e., favors the flow of faster\nparticles. The problem we study in this paper is strictly connected to the\nclassical gambler's ruin problem, indeed, it can be thought as that problem in\nwhich the rules of the game are changed when the gambler's fortune reaches a\nparticular a priori fixed value. The problem is approached both numerically,\nvia Monte Carlo simulations, and analytically with two different techniques\nyielding different representations of the exact result.",
        "positive": "On Some Classes of Open Two-Species Exclusion Processes: We investigate some properties of the nonequilibrium stationary state (NESS)\nof a one dimensional open system consisting of first and second class (type 1\nand type 2) particles. The dynamics are totally asymmetric but the rates for\nthe different permitted exchanges (10 -> 01, 12 -> 21, and 20 -> 02) need not\nbe equal. The entrance and exit rates of the different species can also be\ndifferent. We show that for certain classes of rates one can compute the\ncurrents and phase diagram, or at least obtain some monotonicity properties.\nFor other classes one can obtain a matrix representation of the NESS; this\ngeneralizes previous work in which second class particles can neither enter nor\nleave the system. We analyze a simple example of this type and establish the\nexistence of a randomly located shock at which the typical density profiles of\nall three species are discontinuous."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Calculation of thermodynamic properties of finite Bose-Einstein systems: We derive an exact recursion formula for the calculation of thermodynamic\nfunctions of finite systems obeying Bose-Einstein statistics. The formula is\napplicable for canonical systems where the particles can be treated as\nnoninteracting in some approximation, e.g. like Bose-Einstein condensates in\nmagnetic traps. The numerical effort of our computation scheme grows only\nlinear with the number of particles. As an example we calculate the relative\nground state fluctuations and specific heats for ideal Bose gases with a finite\nnumbers of particles enclosed in containers of different shapes.",
        "positive": "Crystallization and dynamics of defects in a magnetic fluctuating medium: We consider the dynamics of classical particles or defects moving in a\nfluctuating two-dimensional magnetic medium made of Ising spins. These defects\noccupy empty sites, and each of them can move according to simple rules, by\nexchanging its location with one of the neighboring or distant spin if the\nenergy is favorable, conserving the magnetization. We use a fermionic\nrepresentation of the theory in order to map the partition function into an\nintegral over Grassmannian variables. This model of annealed disorder can be\ndescribed by a Grassmannian action containing quartic interaction terms. We\nstudy the critical behavior of this system as well as the entropy, specific\nheat, and residual correlation functions which are evaluated within this\nGrassmannian formalism. We found in particular that the correlations are\nstrongly attractive at short distances in the low temperature regime and for a\nbroader range of distances near the spin critical regime, and slightly\nrepulsive at large distances. These results are compared with Monte-Carlo\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "General Clique Percolation in Network Evolution: We introduce a general $(k,l)$ clique community, which consists of adjacent\n$k$-cliques sharing at least $l$ vertices with $k-1 \\ge l \\ge 1$. The emergence\nof a giant $(k,l)$ clique community indicates a $(k,l)$ clique percolation,\nwhich is studied by the largest size gap $\\Delta$ of the largest clique\ncommunity during network evolution and the corresponding evolution step $T_c$.\nFor a clique percolation, the averages of $\\Delta$ and $T_c$ and the\nroot-mean-squares of their fluctuations have power law finite-size effects\nwhose exponents are related to the critical exponents. The fluctuation\ndistribution functions of $\\Delta$ and $T_c$ follow a finite-size scaling form.\nIn the evolution of the Erd\\H{o}s-R\\'enyi network, there are a series of\n$(k,l)$ clique percolation with\n$(k,l)=(2,1),(3,1),(3,2),(4,1),(4,2),(5,1),(4,3)$, and so on. The critical\nexponents of clique percolation depend on $l$, but are independent of $k$. The\nuniversality class of a $(k,l)$ clique percolation is characterized alone by\n$l$.",
        "positive": "Magnetic Reversal Time in Open Long Range Systems: Topological phase space disconnection has been recently found to be a general\nphenomenon in isolated anisotropic spin systems. It sets a general framework to\nunderstand the emergence of ferromagnetism in finite magnetic systems starting\nfrom microscopic models without phenomenological on-site barriers. Here we\nstudy its relevance for finite systems with long range interacting potential in\ncontact with a thermal bath. We show that, even in this case, the induced\nmagnetic reversal time is exponentially large in the number of spins, thus\ndetermining {\\it stable} (to any experimental observation time) ferromagnetic\nbehavior. Moreover, the explicit temperature dependence of the magnetic\nreversal time obtained from the microcanonical results, is found to be in good\nagreement with numerical simulations. Also, a simple and suggestive expression,\nindicating the Topological Energy Threshold at which the disconnection occurs,\nas a real energy barrier for many body systems, is obtained analytically for\nlow temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic cellular automaton for the coagulation-fission-process\n  2A->3A, 2A->A: We introduce an efficient cellular automaton for the coagulation-fission\nprocess with diffusion 2A->3A, 2A->A in arbitrary dimensions. As the well-known\nDomany-Kinzel model, it is defined on a tilted hypercubic lattice and evolves\nby parallel updates. The model exhibits a non-equilibrium phase transition from\nan active into an absorbing phase and its critical properties are expected to\nbe of the same type as in the pair contact process with diffusion.\nHigh-precision simulations on a parallel computer suggest that various\nquantities of interest do not show the expected power-law scaling, calling for\nnew approaches to understand this unusual type of critical behavior.",
        "positive": "Quantum Magnetic Properties, Entanglement for Antiferromagnetic Spin 1\n  and 3/2 Cluster Models: Entanglement, magnetization and magnetic susceptibility for 1D\nantiferromagnetic spin 1 and spin 3/2 Heisenberg XXX model with\nDzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, single-ion anisotropy and external magnetic\nfield on the finite chain are obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy stability analysis of smoothed dissipative particle dynamics: This article presents an entropy stability analysis of smoothed dissipative\nparticle dynamics (SDPD) to review the validity of particle discretization of\nentropy equations. First, we consider the simplest SDPD system: a simulation of\nincompressible flows using an explicit time integration scheme, assuming a\nquasi-static scenario with constant volume, constant number of particles, and\ninfinitesimal time shift. Next, we derive a form of entropy from the\ndiscretized entropy equation of SDPD by integrating it with respect to time. We\nthen examine the properties of a two-particle system for a constant temperature\ngradient. Interestingly, our theoretical analysis suggests that there exist\neight different types of entropy stability conditions, which depend on the\ntypes of kernel functions. It is found that the Lucy kernel, poly6 kernel, and\nspiky kernel produce the same types of entropy stability conditions, whereas\nthe spline kernel produces different types of entropy stability conditions. Our\nresults contribute to a deeper understanding of particle discretization.",
        "positive": "Critical examination of the inherent-structure-landscape analysis of\n  two-state folding proteins: Recent studies attracted the attention on the inherent structure landscape\n(ISL) approach as a reduced description of proteins allowing to map their full\nthermodynamic properties. However, the analysis has been so far limited to a\nsingle topology of a two-state folding protein, and the simplifying assumptions\nof the method have not been examined. In this work, we construct the\nthermodynamics of four two-state folding proteins of different sizes and\nsecondary structure by MD simulations using the ISL method, and critically\nexamine possible limitations of the method. Our results show that the ISL\napproach correctly describes the thermodynamics function, such as the specific\nheat, on a qualitative level. Using both analytical and numerical methods, we\nshow that some quantitative limitations cannot be overcome with enhanced\nsampling or the inclusion of harmonic corrections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jammed Hard-Particle Packings: From Kepler to Bernal and Beyond: This review describes the diversity of jammed configurations attainable by\nfrictionless convex nonoverlapping (hard) particles in Euclidean spaces and for\nthat purpose it stresses individual-packing geometric analysis. A fundamental\nfeature of that diversity is the necessity to classify individual jammed\nconfigurations according to whether they are locally, collectively, or strictly\njammed. Each of these categories contains a multitude of jammed configurations\nspanning a wide and (in the large system limit) continuous range of intensive\nproperties, including packing fraction $\\phi$, mean contact number $Z$, and\nseveral scalar order metrics. Application of these analytical tools to spheres\nin three dimensions (an analog to the venerable Ising model) covers a myriad of\njammed states, including maximally dense packings (as Kepler conjectured),\nlow-density strictly-jammed tunneled crystals, and a substantial family of\namorphous packings. With respect to the last of these, the current approach\ndisplaces the historically prominent but ambiguous idea of ``random close\npacking\" (RCP) with the precise concept of ``maximally random jamming\" (MRJ).\nThis review also covers recent advances in understanding jammed packings of\npolydisperse sphere mixtures, as well as convex nonspherical particles, e.g.,\nellipsoids, ``superballs\", and polyhedra. Because of their relevance to\nerror-correcting codes and information theory, sphere packings in\nhigh-dimensional Euclidean spaces have been included as well. We also make some\nremarks about packings in (curved) non-Euclidean spaces. In closing this\nreview, several basic open questions for future research to consider have been\nidentified.",
        "positive": "Correlation amplitude for S=1/2 XXZ spin chain in the critical region: The density-matrix renormalization-group technique is used to calculate the\nspin correlation functions <S^x_jS^x_k> and <S^z_jS^z_k> of the one-dimensional\nS=1/2 XXZ model in the gapless regime. The numerical results for open chains of\n200 spins are analyzed by comparing them with correlation functions calculated\nfrom a low-energy field theory. This gives precise estimates of the amplitudes\nof the correlation functions in the thermodynamic limit. The exact amplitude\nrecently conjectured by Lukyanov and Zamolodchikov and the logarithmic\ncorrection in the Heisenberg model are confirmed numerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization-group theory for cooling first-order phase transitions\n  in Potts models: We develop a dynamic field-theoretic renormalization-group (RG) theory for\nthe cooling first-order phase transitions in the Potts model. It is suggested\nthat the well-known imaginary fixed points of the $q$-state Potts model for\n$q>10/3$ in the RG theory are the origin of the dynamic scaling found recently,\napart from the logarithmic corrections. This indicates that the real and\nimaginary fixed points of the Potts model are both physical and control the\nscalings of the continuous and discontinuous phase transitions, respectively,\nof the model. Our one-loop results for the scaling exponents are already not\nfar away from the numerical results. Further, the scaling exponents depend on\n$q$ slightly only, in consistence with the numerical results. Therefore, the\ntheory is believed to provide a natural explanation of the dynamic scaling\nincluding the scaling exponents and their scaling laws for various observables\nin the Potts model.",
        "positive": "Nature of segregation of reactants in diffusion controlled A+B\n  reactions: Role of mobility in forming compact clusters: We investigate the A+B=0 bimolecular chemical reaction taking place in\nlow-dimensional spaces when the mobilities of the two reacting species are not\nequal. While the case of different reactant mobilities has been previously\nreported as not affecting the scaling of the reactant densities with time, but\nonly the pre-exponential factor, the mechanism for this had not been explained\nbefore. By using Monte-Carlo simulations we show that the nature of segregation\nis very different when compared to the normal case of equal reactant\nmobilities. The clusters of the mobile species are statistically homogeneous\nand randomly distributed in space, but the clusters of the less mobile species\nare much more compact and restricted in space. Due to the asymmetric\nmobilities, the initial symmetric random density fluctuations in time turn into\nasymmetric density fluctuations. We explain this trend by calculating the\ncorrelation functions for the positions of particles for the several different\ncases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Triangular Ising antiferromagnet through a fermionic lens, part 2:\n  information-theoretic aspects of zero-temperature states on cylinders: A classical lattice spin model wrapped on a cylinder is profitably viewed as\na chain of rings of spins. From that perspective, mutual information between\nring configurations plays much the same role as spin-spin correlation functions\nin simpler settings. We study zero-temperature states of triangular lattice\nIsing antiferromagnet (TIAFM) systems from this point of view using a fermionic\nrepresentation presented in a companion paper (Part 1). On infinite cylinders,\nring-to-ring mutual information falls off asymptotically at a rate which\ndecreases smoothly with cylinder circumference, but the end-to-end mutual\ninformation for finite cylinders depends strongly on the residue class modulo 3\nof the circumference as well as on whether spin periodicity or antiperiodicity\nis imposed in the circumferential direction. In some cases, the falloff is only\nas the inverse square of the cylinder length. These features, puzzling within\nthe original spin formulation, are easily understood and calculated within the\nfermionic formulation.",
        "positive": "Quantum and Relativistic corrections to Maxwell-Boltzmann ideal gas\n  model from a Quantum Phase Space approach: The quantum corrections related to the ideal gas model that are often\nconsidered are those which are related to the particles nature: bosons or\nfermions. These corrections lead respectively to the Bose-Einstein and\nFermi-Dirac statistics. However, in this work, other kinds of corrections which\nare related to the quantum nature of phase space are considered. These\ncorrections are introduced as improvement in the expression of the partition\nfunction of an ideal gas. Then corrected thermodynamics properties of the gas\nare deduced. Both the non-relativistic quantum and relativistic quantum cases\nare considered. It is shown that the corrections in the non-relativistic\nquantum case may be particularly useful to describe the deviation from\nclassical behavior of a Maxwell-Boltzmann gas at low temperature and in\nconfined space. These corrections can be considered as including the\ndescription of quantum size and shape effects. For the relativistic quantum\ncase, the corrections could be relevant for confined space and when the thermal\nenergy of each particle is comparable to their rest energy. The corrections\nappear mainly as modifications in the thermodynamic equation of state and in\nthe expressions of the partition function and thermodynamic functions like\nentropy, internal energy, and free energy. Classical expressions are obtained\nas asymptotic limits."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground state and thermodynamic properties of spin-1/2 isosceles\n  Heisenberg triangles for V$_6$-like magnetic molecules: The spin-1/2 Hamiltonian for two coupled isosceles Heisenberg triangles,\nwhich is well suited for describing the V$_6$-type magnetic molecules, is\nstudied by exact diagonalization. The quantum phase transition diagram, at zero\ntemperature, is obtained as a function of the theoretical parameters. The zero\ntemperature magnetization is also obtained as a function of the external\nmagnetic field. The thermodynamic behavior of the magnetization, entropy,\nsusceptibility, and specific heat, as a function of temperature, are also\ncomputed and the corresponding magnetocaloric effect analyzed for various\nvalues of the Hamiltonian parameters.",
        "positive": "Sequencing of folding events in Go-like proteins: We have studied folding mechanisms of three small globular proteins: crambin\n(CRN), chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 (CI2) and the fyn Src Homology 3 domain (SH3)\nwhich are modelled by a Go-like Hamiltonian with the Lennard-Jones\ninteractions. It is shown that folding is dominated by a well-defined\nsequencing of events as determined by establishment of particular contacts. The\norder of events depends primarily on the geometry of the native state.\nVariations in temperature, coupling strengths and viscosity affect the\nsequencing scenarios to a rather small extent. The sequencing is strongly\ncorrelated with the distance of the contacting aminoacids along the sequence.\nThus $\\alpha$-helices get established first. Crambin is found to behave like a\nsingle-route folder, whereas in CI2 and SH3 the folding trajectories are more\ndiversified. The folding scenarios for CI2 and SH3 are consistent with\nexperimental studies of their transition states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the efficient and accurate short-ranged simulations of uniform polar\n  molecular liquids: We show that spherical truncations of the 1/r interactions in models for\nwater and acetonitrile yield very accurate results in bulk simulations for all\nsite-site pair correlation functions as well as dipole-dipole correlation\nfunctions. This good performance in bulk simulations contrasts with the\ngenerally poor results found with the use of such truncations in nonuniform\nmolecular systems. We argue that Local Molecular Field (LMF) theory provides a\ngeneral theoretical framework that gives the necessary corrections to simple\ntruncations in most nonuniform environments and explains the accuracy of\nspherical truncations in uniform environments by showing that these corrections\nare very small. LMF theory is derived from the exact Yvon-Born-Green (YBG)\nhierarchy by making physically-motivated and well-founded approximations. New\nand technically interesting derivations of both the YBG hierarchy and LMF\ntheory for a variety of site-site molecular models are presented in appendices.\nThe main paper focuses on understanding the accuracy of these spherical\ntruncations in uniform systems both phenomenologically and quantitatively using\nLMF theory.",
        "positive": "Maximum entropy principle and power-law tailed distributions: In ordinary statistical mechanics the Boltzmann-Shannon entropy is related to\nthe Maxwell-Bolzmann distribution $p_i$ by means of a twofold link. The first\nlink is differential and is offered by the Jaynes Maximum Entropy Principle.\nThe second link is algebraic and imposes that both the entropy and the\ndistribution must be expressed in terms of the same function in direct and\ninverse form. Indeed, the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution $p_i$ is expressed in\nterms of the exponential function, while the Boltzmann-Shannon entropy is\ndefined as the mean value of $-\\ln(p_i)$. In generalized statistical mechanics\nthe second link is customarily relaxed. Here we consider the question if and\nhow is it possible to select generalized statistical theories in which the\nabove mentioned twofold link between entropy and the distribution function\ncontinues to hold, such as in the case of ordinary statistical mechanics.\nWithin this scenario, there emerge new couples of direct-inverse functions,\ni.e. generalized logarithms $\\Lambda(x)$ and generalized exponentials\n$\\Lambda^{-1}(x)$, defining coherent and self-consistent generalized\nstatistical theories. Interestingly, all these theories preserve the main\nfeatures of ordinary statistical mechanics, and predict distribution functions\npresenting power-law tails. Furthermore, the obtained generalized entropies are\nboth thermodynamically and Lesche stable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A generalized integral fluctuation theorem for diffusion processes: We present a generalized integral fluctuation theorem (GIFT) for general\ndiffusion processes using the Feynman-Kac and Cameron-Martin-Girsanov formulas.\nExisting IFTs can be thought of to be its specific cases. We interpret the\norigin of this theorem in terms of time-reversal of stochastic systems.",
        "positive": "Dynamical mechanisms leading to equilibration in two-component gases: Demonstrating how microscopic dynamics cause large systems to approach\nthermal equilibrium remains an elusive, longstanding, and actively-pursued goal\nof statistical mechanics. We identify here a dynamical mechanism for\nthermalization in a general class of two-component dynamical Lorentz gases, and\nprove that each component, even when maintained in a non-equilibrium state\nitself, can drive the other to a thermal state with a well-defined effective\ntemperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Scaling Property of System Approaching Equilibrium: In this Letter we show that the diffusion kinetics of kinetic energy among\nthe atoms in non- equilibrium crystalline systems follows universal scaling\nrelation and obey Levy-walk properties. This scaling relation is found to be\nvalid for systems no matter how far they are driven out of equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Brownian ratchets: How stronger thermal noise can reduce diffusion: We study diffusion properties of an inertial Brownian motor moving on a\nratchet substrate, i.e. a periodic structure with broken reflection symmetry.\nThe motor is driven by an unbiased time-periodic symmetric force which takes\nthe system out of thermal equilibrium. For selected parameter sets, the system\nis in a non-chaotic regime in which we can identify a non-monotonic dependence\nof the diffusion coefficient on temperature: for low temperature, it initially\nincreases as temperature grows, passes through its local maximum, next starts\nto diminish reaching its local minimum and finally it monotonically increases\nin accordance with the Einstein linear relation. Particularly interesting is\nthe temperature interval in which diffusion is suppressed by thermal noise and\nwe explain this effect in terms of transition rates of a three-state stochastic\nmodel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat Capacity in Magnetic and Electric Fields Near the Ferroelectric\n  Transition in Tri-Glycine Sulfate: Specific-heat measurements are reported near the Curie temperature ($T_C$~=\n320 K) on tri-glycine sulfate. Measurements were made on crystals whose\nsurfaces were either non-grounded or short-circuited, and were carried out in\nmagnetic fields up to 9 T and electric fields up to 220 V/cm. In non-grounded\ncrystals we find that the shape of the specific-heat anomaly near $T_C$ is\nthermally broadened. However, the anomaly changes to the characteristic sharp\n$\\lambda$-shape expected for a continuous transition with the application of\neither a magnetic field or an electric field. In crystals whose surfaces were\nshort-circuited with gold, the characteristic $\\lambda$-shape appeared in the\nabsence of an external field. This effect enabled a determination of the\ncritical exponents above and below $T_C$, and may be understood on the basis\nthat the surface charge originating from the pyroelectric coefficient, $dP/dT$,\nbehaves as if shorted by external magnetic or electric fields.",
        "positive": "Revised Thomas-Fermi Approximation for Singular Potentials: Approximations to the many-fermion free energy density functional that\ninclude the Thomas-Fermi (TF) form for the non-interacting part lead to\nsingular densities for singular external potentials (e.g. attractive Coulomb).\nThis limitation of the TF approximation is addressed here by a formal map of\nthe exact Euler equation for the density onto an equivalent TF form\ncharacterized by a modified Kohn-Sham potential. It is shown to be a\n\"regularized\" version of the Kohn-Sham potential, tempered by convolution with\na finite-temperature response function. The resulting density is non-singular,\nwith the equilibrium properties obtained from the total free energy functional\nevaluated at this density. This new representation is formally exact.\nApproximate expressions for the regularized potential are given to leading\norder in a non-locality parameter and the limiting behavior at high and low\ntemperatures is described. The non-interacting part of the free energy in this\napproximation is the usual Thomas-Fermi functional. These results generalize\nand extend to finite temperatures the ground-state regularization by Parr and\nGhosh (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 83, 3577 (1986)) and by Pratt, Hoffman, and Harris\n(J. Chem. Phys. 92, 1818 (1988)) and formally systematize the\nfinite-temperature regularization given by the latter authors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Entropy from Mixing: Thermodynamics, Mutual Information and\n  Symmetry Breaking: We review a new form of entropy suggested by us, with origin in mixing of\nstates of systems due to interactions and deformations of phase cells. It is\ndemonstrated that this nonextensive form also leads to asymmetric maximal\nentropy configurations unlike Shannon entropy. We discuss how, beginning with\nquantum entanglement of microsystems with one another and with the environment,\none can obtain classical stochasticity for our form of entropy.",
        "positive": "Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in three-state mixed Potts\n  ferro-antiferromagnets: We study three-state Potts spins on a square lattice, in which all bonds are\nferromagnetic along one of the lattice directions, and antiferromagnetic along\nthe other. Numerical transfer-matrix are used, on infinite strips of width $L$\nsites, $4 \\leq L \\leq 14$. Based on the analysis of the ratio of scaled mass\ngaps (inverse correlation lengths) and scaled domain-wall free energies, we\nprovide strong evidence that a critical (Kosterlitz-Thouless) phase is present,\nwhose upper limit is, in our best estimate, $T_c=0.29 \\pm 0.01$. From analysis\nof the (extremely anisotropic) nature of excitations below $T_c$, we argue that\nthe critical phase extends all the way down to T=0. While domain walls parallel\nto the ferromagnetic direction are soft for the whole extent of the critical\nphase, those along the antiferromagnetic direction seem to undergo a softening\ntransition at a finite temperature. Assuming a bulk correlation length varying,\nfor $T>T_c$, as $\\xi (T) =a_\\xi \\exp [ b_\\xi (T-T_c)^{-\\sigma}]$, $\\sigma\n\\simeq 1/2$, we attempt finite-size scaling plots of our finite-width\ncorrelation lengths. Our best results are for $T_c=0.50 \\pm 0.01$. We propose a\nscenario in which such inconsistency is attributed to the extreme narrowness of\nthe critical region."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reexamination of scaling in the five-dimensional Ising model: In three dimensions, or more generally, below the upper critical dimension,\nscaling laws for critical phenomena seem well understood, for both infinite and\nfor finite systems. Above the upper critical dimension of four, finite-size\nscaling is more difficult.\n  Chen and Dohm predicted deviation in the universality of the Binder cumulants\nfor three dimensions and more for the Ising model. This deviation occurs if the\ncritical point T = Tc is approached along lines of constant A = L*L*(T-Tc)/Tc,\nthen different exponents a function of system size L are found depending on\nwhether this constant A is taken as positive, zero, or negative. This effect\nwas confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations with Glauber and Creutz kinetics.\nBecause of the importance of this effect and the unclear situation in the\nanalogous percolation problem, we here reexamine the five-dimensional Glauber\nkinetics.",
        "positive": "Drude Weight for the Lieb-Liniger Bose Gas: Based on the method of hydrodynamic projections we derive a concise formula\nfor the Drude weight of the repulsive Lieb-Liniger $\\delta$-Bose gas. Our\nformula contains only quantities which are obtainable from the thermodynamic\nBethe ansatz. The Drude weight is an infinite-dimensional matrix, or bilinear\nfunctional: it is bilinear in the currents, and each current may refer to a\ngeneral linear combination of the conserved charges of the model. As a\nby-product we obtain the dynamical two-point correlation functions involving\ncharge and current densities at small wavelengths and long times, and in\naddition the scaled covariance matrix of charge transfer. We expect that our\nformulas extend to other integrable quantum models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A general model for collaboration networks: In this paper, we propose a general model for collaboration networks.\nDepending on a single free parameter \"{\\bf preferential exponent}\", this model\ninterpolates between networks with a scale-free and an exponential degree\ndistribution. The degree distribution in the present networks can be roughly\nclassified into four patterns, all of which are observed in empirical data. And\nthis model exhibits small-world effect, which means the corresponding networks\nare of very short average distance and highly large clustering coefficient.\nMore interesting, we find a peak distribution of act-size from empirical data\nwhich has not been emphasized before of some collaboration networks. Our model\ncan produce the peak act-size distribution naturally that agrees with the\nempirical data well.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamic limit of multi-chain driven diffusive models: A new class of models, generalizing Asymmetric Exclusion Process for many\nparallel interacting channels, is proposed. We couple the models with boundary\nreservoirs, study boundary-driven phase transitions and show that usually taken\nhydrodynamic description fails. The adequate hydrodynamic limit is then\nderived. We support our findings with Monte-Carlo simulations of the original\nstochastic system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Eigenstate Fluctuation Theorem in the Short and Long Time Regimes: The canonical ensemble plays a crucial role in statistical mechanics in and\nout of equilibrium. For example, the standard derivation of the fluctuation\ntheorem relies on the assumption that the initial state of the heat bath is the\ncanonical ensemble. On the other hand, the recent progress in the foundation of\nstatistical mechanics has revealed that a thermal equilibrium state is not\nnecessarily described by the canonical ensemble but can be a quantum pure state\nor even a single energy eigenstate, as formulated by the eigenstate\nthermalization hypothesis (ETH). Then, a question raised is how these two\npictures, the canonical ensemble and a single energy eigenstate as a thermal\nequilibrium state, are compatible in the fluctuation theorem. In this paper, we\ntheoretically and numerically show that the fluctuation theorem holds in both\nof the long and short-time regimes, even when the initial state of the bath is\na single energy eigenstate of a many-body system. Our proof of the fluctuation\ntheorem in the long-time regime is based on the ETH, while it was previously\nshown in the short-time regime on the basis of the Lieb-Robinson bound and the\nETH [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 100601 (2017)]. The proofs for these time regimes\nare theoretically independent and complementary, implying the fluctuation\ntheorem in the entire time domain. We also perform a systematic numerical\nsimulation of hard-core bosons by exact diagonalization and verify the\nfluctuation theorem in both of the time regimes by focusing on the finite-size\nscaling. Our results contribute to the understanding of the mechanism that the\nfluctuation theorem emerges from unitary dynamics of quantum many-body systems,\nand can be tested by experiments with, e.g., ultracold atoms.",
        "positive": "Application of the Widom insertion formula to transition rates in a\n  lattice: We consider diffusion of particles on a lattice in the so-called dynamical\nmean-field regime (memory effects are neglected). Interactions are local, that\nis, only among particles at the same lattice site. It is shown that a\nstatistical mechanics analysis that combines detailed balance and Widom's\ninsertion formula allows for the derivation of an expression for transition\nrates in terms of the excess chemical potential. The rates reproduce the known\ndependence of self-diffusivity as the inverse of the thermodynamic factor.\nSoft-core interactions and general forms of the excess chemical potential\n(linear, quadratic, and cubic with the density) are considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Potts-Percolation-Gauss Model of a Solid: We study a statistical mechanics model of a solid. Neighboring atoms are\nconnected by Hookian springs. If the energy is larger than a threshold the\n\"spring\" is more likely to fail, while if the energy is lower than the\nthreshold the spring is more likely to be alive. The phase diagram and\nthermodynamic quantities, such as free energy, numbers of bonds and clusters,\nand their fluctuations, are determined using renormalization-group and\nMonte-Carlo techniques.",
        "positive": "Pinned Brownian Bridges in the Continuous-Time Limit: The current understanding of pinned Brownian bridges is based on the\nOnsager-Machlup (OM) functional. The continuous-time limit of the OM functional\ncan be expressed either by using the Fokker-Planck equation or by using the\nRadon-Nikodym derivative with the help of the Girsanov theorem and Ito's lemma.\nThe resulting expression, called here, the Ito-Girsanov (IG) measure, has been\nused as a basis of algorithms designed to create ensembles of transition paths,\npaths that are constrained to start in one free energy basin and end in\nanother. Here we explore the underlying formalism and show that the IG measure\noriginates in an expression that is only conditionally convergent. Thus without\na sound mathematical foundation, the IG measure produces unphysical results\nwhen used in computer algorithms that are designed to elucidate chemical\ntransitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of a minimal collective heat engine: Comparison between\n  engine designs: Collective effects have attracted remarkable recent interest, not only for\ntheir presence in several systems in nature but also for the possibility of\nbeing used for the construction of efficient engine setups. Notwithstanding,\nlittle is known about the influence of the engine design and most studies are\nrestricted to the simplest cases (e.g. simultaneous contact with two thermal\nbaths), not necessarily constituting a realistic setup implementation. Aimed at\npartially filling this gap, we introduce the collisional/sequential description\nfor a minimal model for collective effects, composed of two interacting\nnanomachines placed in contact with a distinct thermal reservoir and\nnonequilibrium worksource at each stage/stroke. Thermodynamic quantities are\nexactly obtained irrespectively the model details. Distinct kinds of engines\nare investigated and the influence of the interaction, temperature, period, and\ntime asymmetry have been undertaken. Results show that a careful design of\ninteraction provides a superior performance than the interactionless case,\nincluding optimal power outputs and efficiencies at maximum power greater than\nknown bounds or even the system presenting efficiencies close to the ideal\n(Carnot) limit. We also show that the case of the system simultaneously placed\nin contact with two thermal reservoirs constitutes a particular case of our\nframework.",
        "positive": "Granular Shear Flow Dynamics and Forces : Experiment and Continuum\n  Theory: We analyze the main features of granular shear flow through experimental\nmeasurements in a Couette geometry and a comparison to a locally Newtonian,\ncontinuum model of granular flow. The model is based on earlier hydrodynamic\nmodels, adjusted to take into account the experimentally observed coupling\nbetween fluctuations in particle motion and mean-flow properties.\nExperimentally, the local velocity fluctuations are found to vary as a power of\nthe local velocity gradient. This can be explained by an effective viscosity\nthat diverges more rapidly as the random-close-packing density is approached\nthan is predicted by Enskog theory for dense hard sphere systems. Experiment\nand theory are in good agreement, especially for the following key features of\ngranular flow: The flow is confined to a small shear band, fluctuations decay\napproximately exponentially away from the sheared wall, and the shear stress is\napproximately independent of shear rate. The functional forms of the velocity\nand fluctuation profiles predicted by the model agree with the experimental\nresults."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pressure induced Raman and fluorescence singularities in $LiYF_4$: The pressure effect on the fluoride scheelite laser host $LiYF_4$ is studied\nat room temperature up to 26 GPa by Raman scattering and up to 40 GPa by\n$P^{3+}$ fluorescence of doped sample. The Raman spectra exhibit three\nsingularities at the vicinity of 6 GPa, 10-12 GPa and 16-17 GPa. The samples\npressurized to 21 GPa or higher do not recover the original phase after being\nreleased, giving more Raman lines than original samples. The luminescence\nspectra of $P^{3+}$ are collected in the energy range corresponding to\nfollowing transitions $^3P_{0,1}--^3H_{4,5,6}$, $^1D_2--^3H_4$ and\n$^3P_0--^3F_2$. Singularities are observed in the vicinity of 6 GPa, 10 GPa, 16\nGPa, 23 GPa in agreement with the Raman study. Moreover, an irreversible\ntransition occurs at 23 GPa. The samples pressurized to above 26 GPa become\namorphous when released and all the sharp lines disappear. Above 31 GPa, the\nspectra at high pressures show only some broad bands corresponding to\ntransitions between two multiplets of the $^4F_2$ configuration of $Pr^{3+}$.\nThese singularities suggest possible phase transformations leading to lowering\nof the lattice symmetry.",
        "positive": "Brownian motors in micro-scale domain: Enhancement of efficiency by\n  noise: We study a noisy drive mechanism for efficiency enhancement of Brownian\nmotors operating on the micro-scale domain. It was proven [J. Spiechowicz et\nal., J. Stat. Mech. P02044, (2013)] that biased noise $\\eta(t)$ can induce\nnormal and anomalous transport processes similar to those generated by a static\nforce $F$ acting on inertial Brownian particles in a reflection-symmetric\nperiodic structure in presence of symmetric unbiased time-periodic driving.\nHere, we show that within selected parameter regimes, noise $\\eta(t)$ of the\nmean value $\\langle \\eta(t) \\rangle = F$ can be significantly more effective\nthan the deterministic force $F$: the motor can move much faster, its velocity\nfluctuations are much smaller and the motor efficiency increases several times.\nThese features hold true in both normal and absolute negative mobility regimes.\nWe demonstrate this with detailed simulations by resource to generalized white\nPoissonian noise. Our theoretical results can be tested and corroborated\nexperimentally by use of a setup that consists of a resistively and\ncapacitively shunted Josephson junction. The suggested strategy to replace $F$\nby $\\eta(t)$ may provide a new operating principle in which micro- and\nnanomotors could be powered by biased noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Velocity Distribution of Topological Defects in Phase-Ordering Systems: The distribution of interface (domain-wall) velocities ${\\bf v}$ in a\nphase-ordering system is considered. Heuristic scaling arguments based on the\ndisappearance of small domains lead to a power-law tail, $P_v(v) \\sim v^{-p}$\nfor large v, in the distribution of $v \\equiv |{\\bf v}|$. The exponent p is\ngiven by $p = 2+d/(z-1)$, where d is the space dimension and 1/z is the growth\nexponent, i.e. z=2 for nonconserved (model A) dynamics and z=3 for the\nconserved case (model B). The nonconserved result is exemplified by an\napproximate calculation of the full distribution using a gaussian closure\nscheme. The heuristic arguments are readily generalized to conserved case\n(model B). The nonconserved result is exemplified by an approximate calculation\nof the full distribution using a gaussian closure scheme. The heuristic\narguments are readily generalized to systems described by a vector order\nparameter.",
        "positive": "Preferential attachment scale-free growth model with random fitness: We introduce a network growth model in which the preferential attachment\nprobability includes the fitness vertex and the Euclidean distance between\nnodes. We grow a planar network around its barycenter. Each new site is fixed\nin space by obeying a power law distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite Temperature Collapse of a Bose Gas with Attractive Interactions\n  (extended version): We study the mechanical stability of the weakly interacting Bose gas with\nattractive interactions, and construct a unified picture of the collapse valid\nfrom the low temperature condensed regime to the high temperature classical\nregime. As we show, the non-condensed particles play a crucial role in\ndetermining the region of stability, even providing a mechanism for collapse in\nthe non-condensed cloud. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the mechanical\ninstability prevents BCS-type ``pairing'' in the attractive Bose gas. We extend\nour results to describe domain formation in spinor condensates.",
        "positive": "Higgs and Goldstone modes in crystalline solids: In crystalline solids the acoustic phonon is known to be the\nfrequency-gapless Goldstone boson emerging from the spontaneous breaking of the\ncontinuous Galilean symmetry induced by the crystal lattice. It has also been\ndescribed as the gauge boson that appears when the free electrons' Lagrangian\nin the crystal is requested to be locally gauge invariant with respect to T(3),\nthe group of the infinitesimal spatial translations. However, the\nnon-Abelianity of T(3) makes the acoustic phonon a frequency-gapped mode, in\ncontradiction with its description as Goldstone boson. A different perspective\novercomes this contradiction. In fact, we show that both the acoustic and\noptical phonon - the latter never appearing following the other two approaches\n- emerge respectively as the gapless Goldstone (phase) and the gapped Higgs\n(amplitude) fluctuation mode of an order parameter arising from the spontaneous\nbreaking of a global symmetry, without invoking the gauge principle. The\noptical phonon's frequency-gap is present in all regimes, and it arises from a\nmass-like term in the Lagrangian due to the Higgs mechanism itself. Instead, an\neventual acoustic phonon's frequency-gap appears only in the strong nonlinear\nregime, and it is due to an anharmonic term, the same term arising from the\ngauging of T(3), an approach which did not provide any description of the\noptical phonon, though. In addition, the Higgs mechanism describes all the\nphonon-phonon interactions, including a possible perturbation on the acoustic\nphonon's frequency dispersion relation induced by the eventual optical phonon,\na peculiar behavior not described so far in these terms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reinforced walks in two and three dimensions: In probability theory, reinforced walks are random walks on a lattice (or\nmore generally a graph) that preferentially revisit neighboring `locations'\n(sites or bonds) that have been visited before. In this paper, we consider\nwalks with one-step reinforcement, where one preferentially \\emph{revisits}\nlocations irrespective of the number of visits. Previous numerical simulations\n[A. Ordemann {\\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 64}, 046117 (2001)] suggested that\nthe site model on the lattice shows a phase transition at finite reinforcement\nbetween a random-walk like and a collapsed phase, in both 2 and 3 dimensions.\nThe very different mathematical structure of bond and site models might also\nsuggest different phenomenology (critical properties, etc.). We use high\nstatistics simulations and heuristic arguments to suggest that site and bond\nreinforcement are in the same universality class, and that the purported phase\ntransition in 2 dimensions actually occurs at zero coupling constant. We also\nshow that a quasi-static approximation predicts the large time scaling of the\nend-to-end distance in the collapsed phase of both site and bond reinforcement\nmodels, in excellent agreement with simulation results.",
        "positive": "Casimir versus Helmholtz forces: Exact results: Recently, attention has turned to the issue of the ensemble dependence of\nfluctuation induced forces. As a noteworthy example, in $O(n)$ systems the\nstatistical mechanics underlying such forces can be shown to differ in the\nconstant $\\vec{M}$ magnetic canonical ensemble (CE) from those in the\nwidely-studied constant $\\vec{h}$ grand canonical ensemble (GCE). Here, the\ncounterpart of the Casimir force in the GCE is the \\textit{Helmholtz} force in\nthe CE. Given the difference between the two ensembles for finite systems, it\nis reasonable to anticipate that these forces will have, in general, different\nbehavior for the same geometry and boundary conditions. Here we present some\nexact results for both the Casimir and the Helmholtz force in the case of the\none-dimensional Ising model subject to periodic and antiperiodic boundary\nconditions and compare their behavior. We note that the Ising model has\nrecently being solved in Phys.Rev. E {\\bf 106} L042103(2022), using a\ncombinatorial approach, for the case of fixed value $M$ of its order parameter.\nHere we derive exact result for the partition function of the one-dimensional\nIsing model of $N$ spins and fixed value $M$ using the transfer matrix method\n(TMM); earlier results obtained via the TMM were limited to $M=0$ and $N$ even.\nAs a byproduct, we derive several specific integral representations of the\nhypergeometric function of Gauss. Using those results, we rigorously derive\nthat the free energies of the CE and grand GCE are related to each other via\nLegendre transformation in the thermodynamic limit, and establish the leading\nfinite-size corrections for the canonical case, which turn out to be much more\npronounced than the corresponding ones in the case of the GCE."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The effect of short ray trajectories on the scattering statistics of\n  wave chaotic systems: In many situations, the statistical properties of wave systems with chaotic\nclassical limits are well-described by random matrix theory. However,\napplications of random matrix theory to scattering problems require\nintroduction of system specific information into the statistical model, such as\nthe introduction of the average scattering matrix in the Poisson kernel. Here\nit is shown that the average impedance matrix, which also characterizes the\nsystem-specific properties, can be expressed in terms of classical trajectories\nthat travel between ports and thus can be calculated semiclassically.\nTheoretical results are compared with numerical solutions for a model\nwave-chaotic system.",
        "positive": "Possible Existence of an Extraordinary Phase in the Driven Lattice Gas: We report recent simulation results which might indicate the existence of a\nnew low-temperature \"phase\" in an Ising lattice gas, driven into a\nnon-equilibrium steady state by an external field. It appears that this\n\"phase\", characterized by multiple-strip configurations, is selected when\nsquare systems are used to approach the thermodynamic limit. We propose a\nquantitative criterion for the existence of such a \"phase\". If confirmed, its\nobservation may resolve a long-standing controversy over the critical\nproperties of the driven Ising lattice gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Scaling Behavior of Percolation Clusters in Scale-free\n  Networks: In this work we investigate the spectra of Laplacian matrices that determine\nmany dynamic properties of scale-free networks below and at the percolation\nthreshold. We use a replica formalism to develop analytically, based on an\nintegral equation, a systematic way to determine the ensemble averaged\neigenvalue spectrum for a general type of tree-like networks. Close to the\npercolation threshold we find characteristic scaling functions for the density\nof states rho(lambda) of scale-free networks. rho(lambda) shows characteristic\npower laws rho(lambda) ~ lambda^alpha_1 or rho(lambda) ~ lambda^alpha_2 for\nsmall lambda, where alpha_1 holds below and alpha_2 at the percolation\nthreshold. In the range where the spectra are accessible from a numerical\ndiagonalization procedure the two methods lead to very similar results.",
        "positive": "Crystalline droplets with emergent topological color-charge in many-body\n  systems with sign-changing interactions: We introduce a novel type of self-bound droplet which carries an emergent\ncolor charge. We consider a system of particles hopping on a lattice and\ninteracting via a commensurately sign-changing potential which is attractive at\na short range. The droplet formation is heralded by spontaneous crystallization\ninto topologically distinct domains. This endows each droplet with an emergent\ncolor charge governing their mutual interactions: attractive for equal colors\nand repulsive otherwise. The number of allowed colors is fixed only by the\ndiscrete spatial symmetries of the sign-changing part of the interaction\npotential. With increasing interaction range, the droplets become progressively\nmore mobile, with their color charge still being energetically protected,\nallowing for nontrivial viscous dynamics of the interacting droplet plasmas\nformed during cooling. Sign-changing potentials with a short-range attraction\nappear quite naturally for light-mediated interactions and we concretely\npropose a realization in state-of-the-art experiments with cold atoms in a\nmultimode optical cavity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergent Spectral Form Factors in Sonic Systems: We study the spectral form factor (SFF) for hydrodynamic systems with a sound\npole, a large class including any fluid with momentum conservation and energy\nconservation, or any extended system with spontaneously broken continuous\nsymmetry. We study such systems in a finite volume cavity and find that the\nlogarithm of the hydrodynamic enhancement to the SFF is closely related to the\nspectral form factor of a quantum particle moving in the selfsame cavity.\nDepending upon the dimensionality and nature of the effective single-particle\nphysics, these systems exhibit a range of behaviors including an intricate\nresonance phenomenon, emergent integrability in the SFF, and anomalously large\nfluctuations of the SFF.",
        "positive": "Edge fluctuations and third-order phase transition in harmonically\n  confined long-range systems: We study the distribution of the position of the rightmost particle\n$x_{\\max}$ in a $N$-particle Riesz gas in one dimension confined in a harmonic\ntrap. The particles interact via long-range repulsive potential, of the form\n$r^{-k}$ with $-2<k<\\infty$ where $r$ is the inter-particle distance. In\nequilibrium at temperature $O(1)$, the gas settles on a finite length scale\n$L_N$ that depends on $N$ and $k$. We numerically observe that the typical\nfluctuation of $y_{\\max} = x_{\\max}/L_N$ around its mean is of\n$O(N^{-\\eta_k})$. Over this length scale, the distribution of the typical\nfluctuations has a $N$ independent scaling form. We show that the exponent\n$\\eta_k$ obtained from the Hessian theory predicts the scale of typical\nfluctuations remarkably well. The distribution of atypical fluctuations to the\nleft and right of the mean $\\langle y_{\\max} \\rangle$ are governed by the left\nand right large deviation functions, respectively. We compute these large\ndeviation functions explicitly $\\forall k>-2$. We also find that these large\ndeviation functions describe a pulled to pushed type phase transition as\nobserved in Dyson's log-gas ($k\\to 0$) and $1d$ one component plasma ($k=-1$).\nRemarkably, we find that the phase transition remains $3^{\\rm rd}$ order for\nthe entire regime. Our results demonstrate the striking universality of the\n$3^{\\rm rd}$ order transition even in models that fall outside the paradigm of\nCoulomb systems and the random matrix theory. We numerically verify our\nanalytical expressions of the large deviation functions via Monte Carlo\nsimulation using an importance sampling algorithm."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling of the distribution of shortest paths in percolation: We present a scaling hypothesis for the distribution function of the shortest\npaths connecting any two points on a percolating cluster which accounts for\n{\\it (i)} the effect of the finite size of the system, and {\\it (ii)} the\ndependence of this distribution on the site occupancy probability $p$. We test\nthe hypothesis for the case of two-dimensional percolation.",
        "positive": "Reaction-subdiffusion equations with species-dependent movement: Reaction-diffusion equations are one of the most common mathematical models\nin the natural sciences and are used to model systems that combine reactions\nwith diffusive motion. However, rather than normal diffusion, anomalous\nsubdiffusion is observed in many systems and is especially prevalent in cell\nbiology. What are the reaction-subdiffusion equations describing a system that\ninvolves first-order reactions and subdiffusive motion? In this paper, we\nanswer this question. We derive fractional reaction-subdiffusion equations\ndescribing an arbitrary number of molecular species which react at first-order\nrates and move subdiffusively with general space-dependent diffusivities and\ndrifts. Importantly, different species may have different diffusivities and\ndrifts, which contrasts previous approaches to this question which assume that\neach species has the same movement dynamics. We derive the equations by\ncombining results on time-dependent fractional Fokker-Planck equations with\nmethods of analyzing stochastically switching evolution equations. Furthermore,\nwe construct the stochastic description of individual molecules whose\ndeterministic concentrations follow these reaction-subdiffusion equations. This\nstochastic description involves subordinating a diffusion process whose\ndynamics are controlled by a subordinated Markov jump process. We illustrate\nour results in several examples and show that solutions of the\nreaction-subdiffusion equations agree with stochastic simulations of individual\nmolecules."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Massively parallel symplectic algorithm for coupled magnetic spin\n  dynamics and molecular dynamics: A parallel implementation of coupled spin-lattice dynamics in the LAMMPS\nmolecular dynamics package is presented. The equations of motion for both spin\nonly and coupled spin-lattice dynamics are first reviewed, including a detailed\naccount of how magneto-mechanical potentials can be used to perform a proper\ncoupling between spin and lattice degrees of freedom. A symplectic numerical\nintegration algorithm is then presented which combines the Suzuki-Trotter\ndecomposition for non-commuting variables and conserves the geometric\nproperties of the equations of motion. The numerical accuracy of the serial\nimplementation was assessed by verifying that it conserves the total energy and\nthe norm of the total magnetization up to second order in the timestep size.\nFinally, a very general parallel algorithm is proposed that allows large\nspin-lattice systems to be efficiently simulated on large numbers of processors\nwithout degrading its mathematical accuracy. Its correctness as well as scaling\nefficiency were tested for realistic coupled spin-lattice systems, confirming\nthat the new parallel algorithm is both accurate and efficient.",
        "positive": "State-Space Visualisation and Fractal Properties of Parrondo's Games: In Parrondo's games, the apparently paradoxical situation occurs where\nindividually losing games combine to win. The basic formulation and definitions\nof Parrondo's games are described in Harmer et al.. These games have recently\ngained considerable attention as they are physically motivated and have been\nrelated to physical systems such as the Brownian ratchet, lattice gas automata\nand spin systems. Various authors have pointed outinterest in these games for\nareas as diverse as biogenesis, political models, small-world networks,\neconomics and population genetics. In this chapter, we will first introduce the\nrelevant properties of Markov transition operators and then introduce some\nterminology and visualisation techniques from the theory of dynamical systems.\nWe will then use these tools, later in the chapter, to define and investigate\nsome interesting properties of Parrondo's games."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Closed and Open System Dynamics in a Fermionic Chain with a\n  Microscopically Specified Bath: Relaxation and Thermalization: We study thermalization in a one-dimensional quantum system consisting of a\nnoninteracting fermionic chain with each site of the chain coupled to an\nadditional bath site. Using a density matrix renormalization group algorithm we\ninvestigate the time evolution of observables in the chain after a quantum\nquench. For low densities we show that the intermediate time dynamics can be\nquantitatively described by a system of coupled equations of motion. For higher\ndensities our numerical results show a prethermalization for local observables\nat intermediate times and a full thermalization to the grand canonical ensemble\nat long times. For the case of a weak bath-chain coupling we find, in\nparticular, a Fermi momentum distribution in the chain in equilibrium in spite\nof the seemingly oversimplified bath in our model.",
        "positive": "Cluster algorithms for general-S quantum spin systems: We present a general strategy to extend quantum cluster algorithms for S=1/2\nspin systems, such as the loop algorithm, to systems with arbitrary size of\nspins. In general, the partition function of a high-S spin system is\nrepresented in terms of the path integral of a S=1/2 model with special\nboundary conditions. We introduce additional graphs to be assigned to the\nboundary part and give the labeling probability explicitly, which completes the\nalgorithm together with an existing S=1/2 cluster algorithm. As a demonstration\nof the algorithm, we simulate the the integer-spin antiferromagnetic Heisenberg\nchains. The magnitude of the first excitation gap is estimated as to be\n0.41048(6), 0.08917(4), and 0.01002(3) for S=1, 2, and 3, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Run-and-tumble particle in one-dimensional confining potential: Steady\n  state, relaxation and first passage properties: We study the dynamics of a one-dimensional run and tumble particle subjected\nto confining potentials of the type $V(x) = \\alpha \\, |x|^p$, with $p>0$. The\nnoise that drives the particle dynamics is telegraphic and alternates between\n$\\pm 1$ values. We show that the stationary probability density $P(x)$ has a\nrich behavior in the $(p, \\alpha)$-plane. For $p>1$, the distribution has a\nfinite support in $[x_-,x_+]$ and there is a critical line $\\alpha_c(p)$ that\nseparates an active-like phase for $\\alpha > \\alpha_c(p)$ where $P(x)$ diverges\nat $x_\\pm$, from a passive-like phase for $\\alpha < \\alpha_c(p)$ where $P(x)$\nvanishes at $x_\\pm$. For $p<1$, the stationary density $P(x)$ collapses to a\ndelta function at the origin, $P(x) = \\delta(x)$. In the marginal case $p=1$,\nwe show that, for $\\alpha < \\alpha_c$, the stationary density $P(x)$ is a\nsymmetric exponential, while for $\\alpha > \\alpha_c$, it again is a delta\nfunction $P(x) = \\delta(x)$. For the special cases $p=2$ and $p=1$, we obtain\nexactly the full time-dependent distribution $P(x,t)$, that allows us to study\nhow the system relaxes to its stationary state. In addition, in these two\ncases, we also study analytically the full distribution of the first-passage\ntime to the origin. Numerical simulations are in complete agreement with our\nanalytical predictions.",
        "positive": "Critical exponents of domain walls in the two-dimensional Potts model: We address the geometrical critical behavior of the two-dimensional Q-state\nPotts model in terms of the spin clusters (i.e., connected domains where the\nspin takes a constant value). These clusters are different from the usual\nFortuin-Kasteleyn clusters, and are separated by domain walls that can cross\nand branch. We develop a transfer matrix technique enabling the formulation and\nnumerical study of spin clusters even when Q is not an integer. We further\nidentify geometrically the crossing events which give rise to conformal\ncorrelation functions. This leads to an infinite series of fundamental critical\nexponents h_{l_1-l_2,2 l_1}, valid for 0 </- Q </- 4, that describe the\ninsertion of l_1 thin and l_2 thick domain walls."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-similarity in Fractal and Non-fractal Networks: We study the origin of scale invariance (SI) of the degree distribution in\nscale-free (SF) networks with a degree exponent $\\gamma$ under coarse graining.\nA varying number of vertices belonging to a community or a box in a fractal\nanalysis is grouped into a supernode, where the box mass $M$ follows a\npower-law distribution, $P_m(M)\\sim M^{-\\eta}$. The renormalized degree\n$k^{\\prime}$ of a supernode scales with its box mass $M$ as $k^{\\prime} \\sim\nM^{\\theta}$. The two exponents $\\eta$ and $\\theta$ can be nontrivial as $\\eta\n\\ne \\gamma$ and $\\theta <1$. They act as relevant parameters in determining the\nself-similarity, i.e., the SI of the degree distribution, as follows: The\nself-similarity appears either when $\\gamma \\le \\eta$ or under the condition\n$\\theta=(\\eta-1)/(\\gamma-1)$ when $\\gamma> \\eta$, irrespective of whether the\noriginal SF network is fractal or non-fractal. Thus, fractality and\nself-similarity are disparate notions in SF networks.",
        "positive": "Ensemble dependence of the critical behavior of a system with long-range\n  interaction and quenched randomness: We propose a hybrid model governed by the Blume-Emery-Griffiths (BEG)\nHamiltonian with a mean-field-like interaction, where the spins are randomly\nquenched such that some of them are \"pure\" Ising and the others admit the BEG\nset of states. It is found, by varying the concentration of the Ising spins,\nthat the model displays different phase portraits in concentration-temperature\nparameter space, within the canonical and the microcanonical ensembles.\nPhenomenological indications that these portraits are rich and rather unusual\nare provided."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrogen transport in superionic system Rb3H(SeO4)2: a revised\n  cooperative migration mechanism: We performed density functional studies of electronic properties and\nmechanisms of hydrogen transport in Rb3H(SeO4)2 crystal which represents\ntechnologically promising class M3H(XO4)2 of proton conductors (M=Rb,Cs, NH4;\nX=S,Se). The electronic structure calculations show a decisive role of lattice\ndynamics in the process of proton migration. In the obtained revised mechanism\nof proton transport, the strong displacements of the vertex oxygens play a key\nrole in the establishing the continuous hydrogen transport and in the achieving\nlow activation energies of proton conduction which is in contrast to the\nstandard two-stage Grotthuss mechanism of proton transport. Consequently, any\nrealistic model description of proton transport should inevitably involve the\ninteractions with the sublattice of the XO4 groups.",
        "positive": "Scaling behavior in interacting systems: joint effect of anisotropy and\n  compressibility: Motivated by the ubiquity of turbulent flows in realistic conditions, effects\nof turbulent advection on two models of classical non-linear systems are\ninvestigated. In particular, we analyze model A (according to the\nHohenberg-Halperin classification [1]) of a non-conserved order parameter and a\nmodel of the direct bond percolation process. Having two paradigmatic\nrepresentatives of distinct stochastic dynamics, our aim is to elucidate to\nwhat extent velocity fluctuations affect their scaling behavior. The main\nemphasis is put on an interplay between anisotropy and compressibility of the\nvelocity flow on their respective scaling regimes. Velocity fluctuations are\ngenerated by means of the Kraichnan rapid-change model, in which the anisotropy\nis due to a distinguished spatial direction n and a correlator of the velocity\nfield obeys the Gaussian distribution law with prescribed statistical\nproperties. As the main theoretical tool, the field-theoretic perturbative\nrenormalization group is adopted. Actual calculations are performed in the\nleading (one-loop) approximation. Having obtained infra-red stable asymptotic\nregimes, we have found four possible candidates for macroscopically observable\nbehavior for each model. In contrast to the isotropic case, anisotropy brings\nabout enhancement of non-linearities and non-trivial regimes are proved to be\nmore stable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal features and tail analysis of the order-parameter distribution\n  of the two-dimensional Ising model: An entropic sampling Monte Carlo study: We present a numerical study of the order-parameter probability density\nfunction (PDF) of the square Ising model for lattices with linear sizes\n$L=80-140$. A recent efficient entropic sampling scheme, combining the\nWang-Landau and broad histogram methods and based on the high-levels of the\nWang-Landau process in dominant energy subspaces is employed. We find that for\nlarge lattices there exists a stable window of the scaled order-parameter in\nwhich the full ansatz including the pre-exponential factor for the tail regime\nof the universal PDF is well obeyed. This window is used to estimate the\nequation of state exponent and to observe the behavior of the universal\nconstants implicit in the functional form of the universal PDF. The probability\ndensities are used to estimate the universal Privman-Fisher coefficient and to\ninvestigate whether one could obtain reliable estimates of the universal\nconstants controlling the asymptotic behavior of the tail regime.",
        "positive": "Statistical theory of the continuous double auction: Most modern financial markets use a continuous double auction mechanism to\nstore and match orders and facilitate trading. In this paper we develop a\nmicroscopic dynamical statistical model for the continuous double auction under\nthe assumption of IID random order flow, and analyze it using simulation,\ndimensional analysis, and theoretical tools based on mean field approximations.\nThe model makes testable predictions for basic properties of markets, such as\nprice volatility, the depth of stored supply and demand vs. price, the bid-ask\nspread, the price impact function, and the time and probability of filling\norders. These predictions are based on properties of order flow and the limit\norder book, such as share volume of market and limit orders, cancellations,\ntypical order size, and tick size. Because these quantities can all be measured\ndirectly there are no free parameters. We show that the order size, which can\nbe cast as a nondimensional granularity parameter, is in most cases a more\nsignificant determinant of market behavior than tick size. We also provide an\nexplanation for the observed highly concave nature of the price impact\nfunction. On a broader level, this work suggests how stochastic models based on\nzero-intelligence agents may be useful to probe the structure of market\ninstitutions. Like the model of perfect rationality, a stochastic-zero\nintelligence model can be used to make strong predictions based on a compact\nset of assumptions, even if these assumptions are not fully believable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Negative differential thermal resistance of fluids induced by heat baths: It has recently been shown that in one-dimensional hard-point gases, there is\na mechanism that induces negative differential thermal resistance (NDTR)\nbetween heat baths. We examine this mechanism in more general higher\ndimensional fluids described by multiparticle collision dynamics. We consider\nfluids in a finite cuboid region of three-dimensional space with each end in\ncontact with a heat bath. Based on analytical results and numerical models, we\nfind that the mechanism underlying NDTR also works for high-dimensional fluidic\nsystems with weak interactions and is very robust to mixed fluids. Our results\nsignificantly advance knowledge of NDTR induced by heat bath and illuminate new\ndirections to explore in fabricating fluid thermal transistors in micro- and\nnanosystems.",
        "positive": "Symmetry-resolved R\u00e9nyi fidelities and quantum phase transitions: We introduce a family of quantum R\\'enyi fidelities and discuss their\nsymmetry resolution. We express the symmetry-resolved fidelities as Fourier\ntransforms of charged fidelities, for which we derive exact formulas for\nGaussian states. These results also yield a formula for the total fidelities of\nGaussian states, which we expect to have applications beyond the scope of this\npaper. We investigate the total and symmetry-resolved fidelities in the XX spin\nchain, and focus on (i) fidelities between thermal states, and (ii) fidelities\nbetween reduced density matrices at zero temperature. Both thermal and reduced\nfidelities can detect the quantum phase transition of the XX spin chain.\nMoreover, we argue that symmetry-resolved fidelities are sensitive to the inner\nstructure of the states. In particular, they can detect the phase transition\nthrough the reorganisation of the charge sectors at the critical point. This a\nmain feature of symmetry-resolved fidelities which we expect to be general. We\nalso highlight that reduced fidelities can detect quantum phase transitions in\nthe thermodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On a geometric mean and power-law statistical distributions: For a large class of statistical systems a geometric mean value of the\nobservables is constrained. These observables are characterized by a power-law\nstatistical distribution.",
        "positive": "Persistence at the onset of spatiotemporal intermittency in coupled map\n  lattices: We study persistence in coupled circle map lattices at the onset of\nspatiotemporal intermittency, an onset which marks a continuous transition, in\nthe universality class of directed percolation, to a unique absorbing state. We\nobtain a local persistence exponent of theta_l = 1.49 +- 0.02 at this\ntransition, a value which closely matches values for theta_l obtained in\nstochastic models of directed percolation. This result constitutes suggestive\nevidence for the universality of persistence exponents at the directed\npercolation transition. Given that many experimental systems are modelled\naccurately by coupled map lattices, experimental measurements of this\npersistence exponent may be feasible."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density-Dependent Analysis of Nonequilibrium Paths Improves Free Energy\n  Estimates II. A Feynman-Kac Formalism: The nonequilibrium fluctuation theorems have paved the way for estimating\nequilibrium thermodynamic properties, such as free energy differences, using\ntrajectories from driven nonequilibrium processes. While many statistical\nestimators may be derived from these identities, some are more efficient than\nothers. It has recently been suggested that trajectories sampled using a\nparticular time-dependent protocol for perturbing the Hamiltonian may be\nanalyzed with another one. Choosing an analysis protocol based on the\nnonequilibrium density was empirically demonstrated to reduce the variance and\nbias of free energy estimates. Here, we present an alternate mathematical\nformalism for protocol postprocessing based on the Feynmac-Kac theorem. The\nestimator that results from this formalism is demonstrated on a few\nlow-dimensional model systems. It is found to have reduced bias compared to\nboth the standard form of Jarzynski's equality and the previous protocol\npostprocessing formalism.",
        "positive": "A fixed point can hide another one: the nonperturbative behavior of the\n  tetracritical fixed point of the O($N$) models at large $N$: We show that at $N=\\infty$ and below its upper critical dimension, $d<d_{\\rm\nup}$, the critical and tetracritical behaviors of the O($N$) models are\nassociated with the same renormalization group fixed point (FP) potential. Only\ntheir derivatives make them different with the subtleties that taking their\n$N\\to\\infty$ limit and deriving them do not commute and that two relevant\neigenperturbations show singularities. This invalidates both the $\\epsilon-$\nand the $1/N-$ expansions. We also show how the Bardeen-Moshe-Bander line of\ntetracritical FPs at $N=\\infty$ and $d=d_{\\rm up}$ can be understood from a\nfinite-$N$ analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation Matrix Spectra: A Tool for Detecting Non-apparent\n  Correlations?: It has been shown that, if a model displays long-range (power-law) spatial\ncorrelations, its equal-time correlation matrix of this model will also have a\npower law tail in the distribution of its high-lying eigenvalues. The purpose\nof this letter is to show that the converse is generally incorrect: a power-law\ntail in the high-lying eigenvalues of the correlation matrix may exist even in\nthe absence of equal-time power law correlations in the original model. We may\ntherefore view the study of the eigenvalue distribution of the correlation\nmatrix as a more powerful tool than the study of correlations, one which may in\nfact uncover structure, that would otherwise not be apparent. Specifically, we\nshow that in the Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process, whereas there are\nno clearly visible correlations in the steady state, the eigenvalues of its\ncorrelation matrix exhibit a rich structure which we describe in detail.",
        "positive": "Genuine Multipartite Entanglement in the Cluster-Ising Model: We evaluate and analyze the exact value of a measure for local genuine\ntripartite entanglement in the one-dimensional cluster-Ising model. This model\nis attractive since cluster states are considered to be relevant sources for\napplying quantum algorithms and the Ising interaction is an expected\nperturbation. Whereas bipartite entanglement is identically vanishing, we find\nthat genuine tripartite entanglement is non zero in the anti-ferromagnetic\nphase and also in the cluster phase well before the critical point. We prove\nthat the measure of local genuine tripartite entanglement captures all the\nproperties of the topological phase transition. Remarkably, we find that the\namount of genuine tripartite entanglement is independent of whether the\nconsidered ground states satisfy or break the symmetries of the Hamiltonian. We\nprovide also strong evidences that for this experimentally feasible model local\ngenuine tripartite entanglement represents the unique non vanishing genuine\nmultipartite entanglement among any spins."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kramers-like Picture for Crystal Nucleation: We introduce a new scheme to analyze the kinetics of homogeneous nucleation\nin terms of a global order parameter. Our approach is based on the application\nof the internal degrees of freedom formalism to derive a kinetic equation of\nthe Kramers type formulated for a global reaction coordinate. We provide\nexplicit expressions for the quantities and coefficients involved in the\nprocess, suitable for simulation.\n  In addition, our picture recovers in the quasi-stationary case the transition\nrate obtained from the method of reactive flux. The equation we present may\nprovide a link between theoretical approaches to homogeneous nucleation\n(generally formulated in terms of a kinetic equation of the Fokker-Planck type)\nand simulations (which mostly employ linear response theory). In this context,\nour scheme provides a theoretical framework to interpret and extend the results\nobtained in recent simulations.",
        "positive": "Mean Field and the Single Homopolymer: We develop a statistical model for a confined chain molecule based on a\nmonomer grand canonical ensemble. The molecule is subject to an external\nchemical potential, a backbone interaction, and an attractive interaction\nbetween all monomers. Using a Gaussian variable formalism and a mean field\napproximation, we analytically derive a minimum principle from which we can\nobtain relevant physical quantities, such as the monomer density, and we\nexplore the limit in which the chain is subject to a tight confinement. Through\na numerical implementation of the minimization process we show how we can\nobtain density profiles in three dimensions for arbitraty potentials, and we\ntest the limits of validity of the theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging and Rejuvenation with Fractional Derivatives: We discuss a dynamic procedure that makes the fractional derivatives emerge\nin the time asymptotic limit of non-Poisson processes. We find that two-state\nfluctuations, with an inverse power-law distribution of waiting times, finite\nfirst moment and divergent second moment, namely with the power index mu in the\ninterval 2<mu <3, yields a generalized master equation equivalent to the sum of\nan ordinary Markov contribution and of a fractional derivative term. We show\nthat the order of the fractional derivative depends on the age of the process\nunder study. If the system is infinitely old, the order of the fractional\nderivative, ord, is given by ord=3-mu . A brand new system is characterized by\nthe degree ord=mu -2. If the system is prepared at time -ta<0$ and the\nobservation begins at time t=0, we derive the following scenario. For times\n0<t<<ta the system is satisfactorily described by the fractional derivative\nwith ord=3-mu . Upon time increase the system undergoes a rejuvenation process\nthat in the time limit t>>ta yields ord=mu -2. The intermediate time regime is\nprobably incompatible with a picture based on fractional derivatives, or, at\nleast, with a mono-order fractional derivative.",
        "positive": "Van der Waals and Casimir interactions between atoms and carbon\n  nanotubes: The van der Waals and Casimir interactions of a hydrogen atom (molecule) with\na single-walled and a multiwalled carbon nanotubes are compared. It is shown\nthat the macroscopic concept of graphite dielectric permittivity is already\napplicable for nanotubes with only two or three walls. The absorption of\nhydrogen atoms by a nanotube at separations below one nanometer is considered.\nThe lateral force due to exchange repulsion moves the atom to a position above\nthe cell center, where it is absorbed by the nanotube because the repulsive\nforce cannot balance the van der Waals attraction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic theory of spatially homogeneous systems with long-range\n  interactions: II. Basic equations: We provide a short historic of the early development of kinetic theory in\nplasma physics and synthesize the basic kinetic equations describing the\nevolution of systems with long-range interactions derived in Paper I. We\ndescribe the evolution of the system as a whole and the relaxation of a test\nparticle in a bath at equilibrium or out-of-equilibrium. We write these\nequations for an arbitrary long-range potential of interaction in a space of\narbitrary dimension d. We discuss the scaling of the relaxation time with the\nnumber of particles for non-singular potentials. For always spatially\nhomogeneous systems, the relaxation time of the system as a whole scales like N\nin d>1 and like N^2 (presumably) in d=1. For always spatially inhomogeneous\nsystems, the relaxation time of the system as a whole scales like N in any\ndimension of space. For one dimensional systems undergoing a dynamical phase\ntransition from a homogeneous to an inhomogeneous phase, we expect a relaxation\ntime of the form N^{\\delta} with 1<\\delta<2 intermediate between the two\nprevious cases. The relaxation time of a test particle in a bath always scales\nlike N. We also briefly discuss the kinetic theory of systems with long-range\ninteractions submitted to an external stochastic potential. This paper gathers\nbasic equations that are applied to specific systems in Paper III.",
        "positive": "Peculiar property of noble gases and its explanation through the\n  Enskog--Vlasov model: A new observation is presented that the densities and temperatures at the\ncritical and triple points ($n_{cr}$, $n_{tp}$, $T_{cr}$, and $T_{tp}$) of\nneon, argon, krypton, and xenon are such that $T_{cr}/T_{tp}=1.803\\pm 0.5\\%$\nand $n_{cr}/n_{tp}=$ $0.3782\\pm 1.7\\%$ (of the two remaining noble gases,\nhelium does not have a triple point and, for radon, $n_{tp}$ is unknown). None\nother group of substances seem to have these parameters within such narrow\nranges. We explain this peculiar property of noble gases by sphericity of their\nmolecules, as a result of which they satisfy the Enskog--Vlasov (EV) kinetic\nmodel. The EV model has also allowed us to identify two more parameter\ncombinations which are virtually the same for all noble gases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From polymers to proteins -- novel phases of short compact tubes: A framework is presented for understanding the common character of proteins.\nProteins are linear chain molecules. However, the simple model of a polymer\nviewed as spheres tethered together does not account for many of the observed\ncharacteristics of protein structures. The authors show here that proteins may\nbe regarded as tubes of nonzero thickness. This approach allows one to bridge\nthe conventional compact polymer phase with a novel phase employed by Nature to\nhouse biomolecular structures. The continuum description of a tube (or a sheet)\nof arbitrary thickness entails using appropriately chosen many-body\ninteractions rather than two-body interactions. The authors suggest that the\nstructures of folded proteins are selected based on geometrical considerations\nand are poised at the edge of compaction, thus accounting for their versatility\nand flexibility. This approach also offers an explanation for why helices and\nsheets are the building blocks of protein structures.",
        "positive": "Kosterlitz-Thouless Phase Transition and Ground State Fidelity: a Novel\n  Perspective from Matrix Product States: The Kosterlitz-Thouless transition is studied from the representation of the\nsystems's ground state wave functions in terms of Matrix Product States for a\nquantum system on an infinite-size lattice in one spatial dimension. It is\nfound that, in the critical regime for a one-dimensional quantum lattice system\nwith continuous symmetry, the newly-developed infinite Matrix Product State\nalgorithm automatically leads to infinite degenerate ground states, due to the\nfiniteness of the truncation dimension. This results in \\textit{pseudo}\ncontinuous symmetry spontaneous breakdown, which allows to introduce a\npseudo-order parameter that must be scaled down to zero, in order to be\nconsistent with the Mermin-Wegner theorem. We also show that the ground state\nfidelity per lattice site exhibits a \\textit{catastrophe point}, thus resolving\na controversy regarding whether or not the ground state fidelity is able to\ndetect the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact probability distribution functions for Parrondo's games: We consider discrete time Brownian ratchet models: Parrondo's games. Using\nthe Fourier transform, we calculate the exact probability distribution\nfunctions for both the capital dependent and history dependent Parrondo's\ngames. We find that in some cases there are oscillations near the maximum of\nthe probability distribution, and after many rounds there are two limiting\ndistributions, for the odd and even total number of rounds of gambling. We\nassume that the solution of the aforementioned models can be applied to\nportfolio optimization.",
        "positive": "Restoring site percolation on a damaged square lattice: We study how to restore site percolation on a damaged square lattice with\nnearest neighbor (N$^2$) interactions. Two strategies are suggested for a\ndensity $x$ of destroyed sites by a random attack at $p_c$. In the first one, a\ndensity $y$ of new sites are created with longer range interactions, either\nnext nearest neighbor (N$^3$) or next next nearest neighbor (N$^4$). In the\nsecond one, new longer range interactions N$^3$ or N$^4$ are created for a\nfraction $v$ of the remaining $(p_c-x)$ sites in addition to their N$^2$\ninteractions. In both cases, the values of $y$ and $v$ are tuned in order to\nrestore site percolation which then occurs at new percolation thresholds,\nrespectively $\\pi_3$, $\\pi_4$, $\\pi_{23}$ and $\\pi_{24}$. Using Monte Carlo\nsimulations the values of the pairs $\\{y, \\pi_3 \\}$, $\\{y, \\pi_4\\}$ and $\\{v,\n\\pi_{23}\\}$, $\\{v, \\pi_{24}\\}$ are calculated for the whole range $0\\leq x \\leq\np_c(\\text{N}^2)$. Our schemes are applicable to all regular lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of spin and polymer models with aperiodic interactions: We review and extend some recent investigations of the effects of aperiodic\ninteractions on the critical behavior of ferromagnetic $q$-state Potts models.\nBy considering suitable diamond or necklace hierarchical lattices, and assuming\na distribution of interactions according to a class of two-letter substitution\nrules, the problem can be formulated in terms of recursion relations in\nparameter space. The analysis of stability of the fixed points leads to an\nexact criterion to gauge the relevance of geometric fluctuations. For\nirrelevant fluctuations, the critical behavior remains unchanged with respect\nto the uniform systems. For relevant fluctuations, there appears a two-cycle of\nsaddle-point character in parameter space. A scaling analysis, supported by\ndirect numerical thermodynamic calculations, shows the existence of novel\ncritical universality classes associated with relevant geometric fluctuations.\nAlso, we show that similar qualitative results are displayed by a simple model\nof two directed polymers on a diamond hierarchical structure with aperiodic\nbond interactions.",
        "positive": "Finite Temperature Behavior of Small Silicon and Tin Clusters: An Ab\n  Initio Molecular Dynamics Study: The finite temperature behavior of small Silicon (Si$_{10}$, Si$_{15}$, and\nSi$_{20}$) and Tin (Sn$_{10}$ and Sn$_{20}$) clusters is studied using\nisokinetic Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics. The lowest equilibrium\nstructures of all the clusters are built upon a highly stable tricapped\ntrigonal prism unit which is seen to play a crucial role in the finite\ntemperature behavior of these clusters. Thermodynamics of small tin clusters\n(Sn$_{10}$ and Sn$_{20}$) is revisited in light of the recent experiments on\ntin clusters of sizes 18-21 [G. A. Breaux et. al. Phys. Rev. B {\\bf 71} 073410\n(2005)]. We have calculated heat capacities using multiple histogram technique\nfor Si$_{10}$, Sn$_{10}$ and Si$_{15}$ clusters. Our calculated specific heat\ncurves have a main peak around 2300 K and 2200 K for Si$_{10}$ and Sn$_{10}$\nclusters respectively. However, various other melting indicators such as root\nmean square bond length fluctuations, mean square displacements show that\ndiffusive motion of atoms within the cluster begins around 650 K. The finite\ntemperature behavior of Si$_{10}$ and Sn$_{10}$ is dominated by isomerization\nand it is rather difficult to discern the temperature range for transition\nregion. On the other hand, Si$_{15}$ does show a liquid like behavior over a\nshort temperature range followed by the fragmentation observed around 1800 K.\nFinite temperature behavior of Si$_{20}$ and Sn$_{20}$ show that these clusters\ndo not melt but fragment around 1200 K and 650 K respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How to construct a correlated net: (a) We propose a ``static'' construction procedure for random networks with\ngiven correlations of the degrees of the nearest-neighbor vertices. This is an\nequilibrium graph, maximally random under the constraint that its degree-degree\ndistribution is fixed. (b) We generalize the notion of preferential linking and\nintroduce a new category, {\\em pair preference} and a pair preference function\nfor the attaching of edges to pairs of vertices. This allows dynamically\ngenerate equilibrium correlated networks.",
        "positive": "Biased diffusion in a piecewise linear random potential: We study the biased diffusion of particles moving in one direction under the\naction of a constant force in the presence of a piecewise linear random\npotential. Using the overdamped equation of motion, we represent the first and\nsecond moments of the particle position as inverse Laplace transforms. By\napplying to these transforms the ordinary and the modified Tauberian theorem,\nwe determine the short- and long-time behavior of the mean-square displacement\nof particles. Our results show that while at short times the biased diffusion\nis always ballistic, at long times it can be either normal or anomalous. We\nformulate the conditions for normal and anomalous behavior and derive the laws\nof biased diffusion in both these cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal Renormalization Group Transformation from Information Theory: Recently a novel real-space RG algorithm was introduced, identifying the\nrelevant degrees of freedom of a system by maximizing an information-theoretic\nquantity, the real-space mutual information (RSMI), with machine learning\nmethods. Motivated by this, we investigate the information theoretic properties\nof coarse-graining procedures, for both translationally invariant and\ndisordered systems. We prove that a perfect RSMI coarse-graining does not\nincrease the range of interactions in the renormalized Hamiltonian, and, for\ndisordered systems, suppresses generation of correlations in the renormalized\ndisorder distribution, being in this sense optimal. We empirically verify decay\nof those measures of complexity, as a function of information retained by the\nRG, on the examples of arbitrary coarse-grainings of the clean and random Ising\nchain. The results establish a direct and quantifiable connection between\nproperties of RG viewed as a compression scheme, and those of physical objects\ni.e. Hamiltonians and disorder distributions. We also study the effect of\nconstraints on the number and type of coarse-grained degrees of freedom on a\ngeneric RG procedure.",
        "positive": "Protein folding simulations with Interacting Growth Walk model: We demonstrate that the recently proposed interacting growth walk (IGW)\nmodel, modified for generating self-avoiding heteropolymers, proves to be a\nsimpler alternative to the other Monte Carlo methods available in the\nliterature for obtaining minimum energy conformation of lattice proteins. In\nfact, this simple growth algorithm seems to be capable of quickly leading to\nlow energy states for all the three dimensional bench mark HP-sequences\ninvestigated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface coupling effects on the capacitance of thin insulating films: A general form for the surface roughness effects on the capacitance of a\ncapacitor is proposed. We state that a capacitor with two uncoupled rough\nsurfaces could be treated as two capacitors in series which have been divided\nfrom the mother capacitor by a slit. This is in contrast to the case where the\ntwo rough surfaces are coupled. When the rough surfaces are coupled, the type\nof coupling decides the modification of the capacitance in comparison to the\nuncoupled case. It is shown that if the coupling between the two surfaces of\nthe capacitor is positive (negative), the capacitance is less (higher) than the\ncase of two uncoupled rough plates. Also, we state that when the correlation\nlength and the roughness exponent are small, the coupling effect is not\nnegligible.",
        "positive": "Condensate of low dimensional charged Bose disks in a uniform magnetic\n  field: The Bose condensation of a stack of low dimensional disks which is composed\nof a noninteracting charged Bose gas in a uniform magnetic field is studied. A\nstatistical approach with density of states at noninteger dimensions are\napplied for the system. The condensate fraction of the disk system in a uniform\nmagnetic field is calculated. The stack of low dimensional charged Bose disks\nis found not to share the condensate behavior of the traditional BCS\nsuperfluids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Super-resolving the Ising model with convolutional neural networks: Machine learning is becoming widely used in condensed matter physics.\nInspired by the concept of image super-resolution, we propose a method to\nincrease the size of lattice spin configurations using deep convolutional\nneural networks. Through supervised learning on Monte Carlo (MC) generated spin\nconfigurations, we train networks that invert real-space renormalization\ndecimations. We demonstrate that super-resolution can reproduce thermodynamic\nobservables that agree with MC calculations for the one and two-dimensional\nIsing model at various temperatures. We find that it is possible to predict\nthermodynamic quantities for lattice sizes larger than those used in training\nby extrapolating the parameters of the network. We use this method to\nextrapolate the exponents of the 2D Ising critical point towards the\nthermodynamic limit, which results in good agreement with theory.",
        "positive": "Characterizing the network topology of the energy landscapes of atomic\n  clusters: By dividing potential energy landscapes into basins of attractions\nsurrounding minima and linking those basins that are connected by transition\nstate valleys, a network description of energy landscapes naturally arises.\nThese networks are characterized in detail for a series of small Lennard-Jones\nclusters and show behaviour characteristic of small-world and scale-free\nnetworks. However, unlike many such networks, this topology cannot reflect the\nrules governing the dynamics of network growth, because they are static spatial\nnetworks. Instead, the heterogeneity in the networks stems from differences in\nthe potential energy of the minima, and hence the hyperareas of their\nassociated basins of attraction. The low-energy minima with large basins of\nattraction act as hubs in the network.Comparisons to randomized networks with\nthe same degree distribution reveals structuring in the networks that reflects\ntheir spatial embedding."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gas-induced friction and diffusion of rigid rotors: We derive the Boltzmann equation for the rotranslational dynamics of an\narbitrary convex rigid body in a rarefied gas. It yields as a limiting case the\nFokker-Planck equation accounting for friction, diffusion, and nonconservative\ndrift forces and torques. We provide the rotranslational friction and diffusion\ntensors for specular and diffuse reflection off particles with spherical,\ncylindrical, and cuboidal shape, and show that the theory describes\nthermalization, photophoresis, and the inverse Magnus effect in the free\nmolecular regime.",
        "positive": "Correlations in a Generalized Elastic Model: Fractional Langevin\n  Equation Approach: The Generalized Elastic Model (GEM) provides the evolution equation which\ngoverns the stochastic motion of several many-body systems in nature, such as\npolymers, membranes, growing interfaces. On the other hand a probe\n(\\emph{tracer}) particle in these systems performs a fractional Brownian motion\ndue to the spatial interactions with the other system's components. The\ntracer's anomalous dynamics can be described by a Fractional Langevin Equation\n(FLE) with a space-time correlated noise. We demonstrate that the description\ngiven in terms of GEM coincides with that furnished by the relative FLE, by\nshowing that the correlation functions of the stochastic field obtained within\nthe FLE framework agree to the corresponding quantities calculated from the\nGEM. Furthermore we show that the Fox $H$-function formalism appears to be very\nconvenient to describe the correlation properties within the FLE approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Growth model with restricted surface relaxation: We simulate a growth model with restricted surface relaxation process in d=1\nand d=2, where d is the dimensionality of a flat substrate. In this model, each\nparticle can relax on the surface to a local minimum, as the Edwards-Wilkinson\nlinear model, but only within a distance s. If the local minimum is out from\nthis distance, the particle evaporates through a refuse mechanism similar to\nthe Kim-Kosterlitz nonlinear model. In d=1, the growth exponent beta, measured\nfrom the temporal behavior of roughness, indicates that in the coarse-grained\nlimit, the linear term of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation dominates in short\ntimes (low-roughness) and, in asymptotic times, the nonlinear term prevails.\nThe crossover between linear and nonlinear behaviors occurs in a characteristic\ntime t_c which only depends on the magnitude of the parameter s, related to the\nnonlinear term. In d=2, we find indications of a similar crossover, that is,\nlogarithmic temporal behavior of roughness in short times and power law\nbehavior in asymptotic times.",
        "positive": "Excess free energy and Casimir forces in systems with long-range\n  interactions of van-der-Waals type: General considerations and exact\n  spherical-model results: We consider systems confined to a $d$-dimensional slab of macroscopic lateral\nextension and finite thickness $L$ that undergo a continuous bulk phase\ntransition in the limit $L\\to\\infty$ and are describable by an O(n) symmetrical\nHamiltonian. Periodic boundary conditions are applied across the slab. We study\nthe effects of long-range pair interactions whose potential decays as $b\nx^{-(d+\\sigma)}$ as $x\\to\\infty$, with $2<\\sigma<4$ and $2<d+\\sigma\\leq 6$, on\nthe Casimir effect at and near the bulk critical temperature $T_{c,\\infty}$,\nfor $2<d<4$. For the scaled reduced Casimir force per unit cross-sectional\narea, we obtain the form $L^{d} {\\mathcal F}_C/k_BT \\approx \\Xi_0(L/\\xi_\\infty)\n+ g_\\omega L^{-\\omega}\\Xi\\omega(L/\\xi_\\infty) + g_\\sigma L^{-\\omega_\\sigm a}\n\\Xi_\\sigma(L \\xi_\\infty)$. The contribution $\\propto g_\\sigma$ decays for\n$T\\neq T_{c,\\infty}$ algebraically in $L$ rather than exponentially, and hence\nbecomes dominant in an appropriate regime of temperatures and $L$. We derive\nexact results for spherical and Gaussian models which confirm these findings.\nIn the case $d+\\sigma =6$, which includes that of nonretarded van-der-Waals\ninteractions in $d=3$ dimensions, the power laws of the corrections to scaling\n$\\propto b$ of the spherical model are found to get modified by logarithms.\nUsing general RG ideas, we show that these logarithmic singularities originate\nfrom the degeneracy $\\omega=\\omega_\\sigma=4-d$ that occurs for the spherical\nmodel when $d+\\sigma=6$, in conjunction with the $b$ dependence of $g_\\omega$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Introduction to Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulations and their\n  Statistical Analysis: This article is a tutorial on Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations and their\nstatistical analysis. The theoretical concepts are illustrated through many\nnumerical assignments from the author's book on the subject. Computer code (in\nFortran) is available for all subjects covered and can be downloaded from the\nweb.",
        "positive": "Oscillatory Driving of Crystal surfaces: a Route to Controlled Pattern\n  Formation: We show that the oscillatory driving of crystal surfaces can induce pattern\nformation or smoothening. The driving force can be of quite different origin\nsuch as a pulsed laser beam, an electric field, or elasticity. Depending on\ndriving conditions, step bunching and meandering, mound formation, or surface\nsmoothening may be seen in presence of a kinetic asymmetry at the steps or\nkinks (the Ehrlich-Schwoebel effect). We employ a step model to calculate the\ninduced mass flux along misoriented surfaces, which accounts for surface\ndynamics and stability. Flux inversion is found when varying the driving\nfrequency. Slope selection and metastability result from the cancellation of\nthe mass flux along special orientations. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations\nillustrate these points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact fluctuations of nonequilibrium steady states from approximate\n  auxiliary dynamics: We describe a framework to significantly reduce the computational effort to\nevaluate large deviation functions of time integrated observables within\nnonequilibrium steady states. We do this by incorporating an auxiliary dynamics\ninto trajectory based Monte Carlo calculations, through a transformation of the\nsystem's propagator using an approximate guiding function. This procedure\nimportance samples the trajectories that most contribute to the large deviation\nfunction, mitigating the exponentially complexity of such calculations. We\nillustrate the method by studying driven diffusions and interacting lattice\nmodels in one and two dimensions. Our work offers an avenue to calculate large\ndeviation functions for high dimensional systems driven far from equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Velocity Distributions in Homogeneously Cooling and Heated Granular\n  Fluids: We study the single particle velocity distribution for a granular fluid of\ninelastic hard spheres or disks, using the Enskog-Boltzmann equation, both for\nthe homogeneous cooling of a freely evolving system and for the stationary\nstate of a uniformly heated system, and explicitly calculate the fourth\ncumulant of the distribution. For the undriven case, our result agrees well\nwith computer simulations of Brey et al. \\cite{brey}. Corrections due to\nnon-Gaussian behavior on cooling rate and stationary temperature are found to\nbe small at all inelasticities. The velocity distribution in the uniformly\nheated steady state exhibits a high energy tail $\\sim \\exp(-A c^{3/2})$, where\n$c$ is the velocity scaled by the thermal velocity and $A\\sim 1/\\sqrt{\\eps}$\nwith $\\eps$ the inelasticity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Flow-dependent unfolding and refolding of an RNA by nonequilibrium\n  umbrella sampling: Nonequilibrium experiments of single biomolecules such as force-induced\nunfolding reveal details about a few degrees of freedom of a complex system.\nMolecular dynamics simulations can provide complementary information, but\nexploration of the space of possible configurations is often hindered by large\nbarriers in phase space that separate metastable regions. To solve this\nproblem, enhanced sampling methods have been developed that divide a phase\nspace into regions and integrate trajectory segments in each region. These\nmethods boost the probability of passage over barriers, and facilitate\nparallelization since integration of the trajectory segments does not require\ncommunication, aside from their initialization and termination. Here we present\na parallel version of an enhanced sampling method suitable for systems driven\nfar from equilibrium: nonequilibrium umbrella sampling (NEUS). We apply this\nmethod to a coarse-grained model of a 262-nucleotide RNA molecule that unfolds\nand refolds in an explicit flow field modeled with stochastic rotation\ndynamics. Using NEUS we are able to observe extremely rare unfolding events\nthat have mean first passage times as long as 1.4 s (3.4 E13 dynamics steps).\nWe examine the unfolding process for a range of flow rates of the medium, and\nwe describe two competing pathways in which different intramolecular contacts\nare broken.",
        "positive": "Densest local packing diversity. II. Application to three dimensions: The densest local packings of N three-dimensional identical nonoverlapping\nspheres within a radius Rmin(N) of a fixed central sphere of the same size are\nobtained for selected values of N up to N = 1054. In the predecessor to this\npaper [A.B. Hopkins, F.H. Stillinger and S. Torquato, Phys. Rev. E 81 041305\n(2010)], we described our method for finding the putative densest packings of N\nspheres in d-dimensional Euclidean space Rd and presented those packings in R2\nfor values of N up to N = 348. We analyze the properties and characteristics of\nthe densest local packings in R3 and employ knowledge of the Rmin(N), using\nmethods applicable in any d, to construct both a realizability condition for\npair correlation functions of sphere packings and an upper bound on the maximal\ndensity of infinite sphere packings. In R3, we find wide variability in the\ndensest local packings, including a multitude of packing symmetries such as\nperfect tetrahedral and imperfect icosahedral symmetry. We compare the densest\nlocal packings of N spheres near a central sphere to minimal-energy\nconfigurations of N+1 points interacting with short-range repulsive and\nlong-range attractive pair potentials, e.g., 12-6 Lennard-Jones, and find that\nthey are in general completely different, a result that has possible\nimplications for nucleation theory. We also compare the densest local packings\nto finite subsets of stacking variants of the densest infinite packings in R3\n(the Barlow packings) and find that the densest local packings are almost\nalways most similar, as measured by a similarity metric, to the subsets of\nBarlow packings with the smallest number of coordination shells measured about\na single central sphere, e.g., a subset of the FCC Barlow packing. We\nadditionally observe that the densest local packings are dominated by the\nspheres arranged with centers at precisely distance Rmin(N) from the fixed\nsphere's center."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Short-distance expansion of correlation functions in the\n  charge-symmetric two-dimensional two-component plasma: Exact results: We determine exactly the short-distance leading behavior of the density\ncorrelation functions of a two-dimensional two-component charge-symmetric\nCoulomb gas composed of point particles, in the whole regime of stability where\nthe coulombic coupling $\\beta<2$. More generally, we compute the short-distance\nbehavior of the effective interaction potential between two external arbitrary\ncharges $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ immersed in the plasma, for $\\beta |Q_1|<2$ and $\\beta\n|Q_2|<2$. We also find the short-distance asymptotics of the density profiles\nnear a single external charge $Q$ immersed in the plasma for $\\beta |Q|<2$.",
        "positive": "An Exactly Solvable Toy Model of Autocatalysis: Irreversible Relaxation\n  after a Quantum Quench: A fully resolvable quantum many-body Hamiltonian is introduced that mimics\nthe behavior of the autocatalytic chemical reaction A+B <-> 2B involving two\ndifferent molecular species, A and B. The model also describes two\nnonlinearly-coupled modes of an optical cavity. Consistent with the current\nunderstanding of the relaxation dynamics of integrable systems in isolation,\nthe wavefunction following a quantum quench exhibits irreversibility with\nretention of the memory about its initial conditions. Salient features of the\nmodel include a marked similarity with conventional quantum decay and a total\nB-to-A conversion, with associated classical-like behavior of the wavefunction,\nwhen the initial state does not contain A-type molecules."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Replicating a renewal process at random times: We replicate a renewal process at random times, which is equivalent to\nnesting two renewal processes, or considering a renewal process subject to\nstochastic resetting. We investigate the consequences on the statistical\nproperties of the model of the intricate interplay between the two probability\nlaws governing the distribution of time intervals between renewals, on the one\nhand, and of time intervals between resettings, on the other hand. In\nparticular, the total number ${\\mathcal N}_t$ of renewal events occurring\nwithin a specified observation time exhibits a remarkable range of behaviours,\ndepending on the exponents characterising the power-law decays of the two\nprobability distributions. Specifically, ${\\mathcal N}_t$ can either grow\nlinearly in time and have relatively negligible fluctuations, or grow\nsubextensively over time while continuing to fluctuate. These behaviours\nhighlight the dominance of the most regular process across all regions of the\nphase diagram. In the presence of Poissonian resetting, the statistics of\n${\\mathcal N}_t$ is described by a unique `dressed' renewal process, which is a\ndeformation of the renewal process without resetting. We also discuss the\nrelevance of the present study to first passage under restart and to continuous\ntime random walks subject to stochastic resetting.",
        "positive": "Quantum discord in a spin system with symmetry breaking: We analyze the quantum discord Q throughout the low-temperature phase diagram\nof the quantum XY model in transverse field. We first focus on the T=0\norder-disorder quantum phase transition both in the symmetric ground state and\nin the symmetry broken one. Besides it, we highlight how Q displays clear\nanomalies also at a non critical value of the control parameter inside the\nordered phase, where the ground state is completely factorized. We evidence how\nthe phenomenon is in fact of collective nature and displays universal features.\nWe also study Q at finite temperature. We show that, close to the quantum phase\ntransition, Q exhibits quantum-classical crossover of the system with universal\nscaling behavior. We evidence a non trivial pattern of thermal correlations\nresulting from the factorization phenomenon."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coupling different levels of resolution in molecular simulations: Simulation schemes that allow to change molecular representation in a\nsubvolume of the simulation box while preserving the equilibrium with the\nsurrounding introduce conceptual problems of thermodynamic consistency. In this\nwork we present a general scheme based on thermodynamic arguments which ensures\nthermodynamic equilibrium among the molecules of different representation. The\nrobustness of the algorithm is tested for two examples, namely an adaptive\nresolution simulation, atomistic/coarse-grained, for a liquid of tetrahedral\nmolecules and an adaptive resolution simulation of a binary mixture of\ntetrahedral molecules and spherical solutes.",
        "positive": "Boundary-induced phase transitions in a space-continuous traffic model\n  with non-unique flow-density relation: The Krauss-model is a stochastic model for traffic flow which is continuous\nin space. For periodic boundary conditions it is well understood and known to\ndisplay a non-unique flow-density relation (fundamental diagram) for certain\ndensities. In many applications, however, the behaviour under open boundary\nconditions plays a crucial role.In contrast to all models investigated so far,\nthe high flow states of the Krauss-model are not metastable, but also stable.\nNevertheless we find that the current in open systems obeys an extremal\nprinciple introduced for the case of simpler discrete models. The phase diagram\nof the open system will be completely determined by the fundamental diagram of\nthe periodic system through this principle. In order to allow the investigation\nof the whole state space of the Krauss-model, appropriate strategies for the\ninjection of cars into the system are needed.Two methods solving this problem\nare discussed and the boundary-induced phase transitions for both methods are\nstudied.We also suggest a supplementary rule for the extremal principle to\naccount for cases where not all the possible bulk states are generated by the\nchosen boundary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Many-Body Theory of Dilute Bose-Einstein Condensates with Internal\n  Degrees of Freedom: The Bogoliubov theory of weakly interacting bosons is generalized to\nBose-Einstein condensates with internal degrees of freedom so that a single\neffective Hamiltonian produces various many-body ground states or metastable\nspin domains and the corresponding collective modes on an equal footing.",
        "positive": "Non-homogeneous random walks, subdiffusive migration of cells and\n  anomalous chemotaxis: This paper is concerned with a non-homogeneous in space and non-local in time\nrandom walk model for anomalous subdiffusive transport of cells. Starting with\na Markov model involving a structured probability density function, we derive\nthe non-local in time master equation and fractional equation for the\nprobability of cell position. We show the structural instability of fractional\nsubdiffusive equation with respect to the partial variations of anomalous\nexponent. We find the criteria under which the anomalous aggregation of cells\ntakes place in the semi-infinite domain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Potential Energy Landscape of the Apparent First-Order Phase Transition\n  between Low-Density and High-Density Amorphous Ice: The potential energy landscape (PEL) formalism is a valuable approach within\nstatistical mechanics for describing supercooled liquids and glasses. Here we\nuse the PEL formalism and computer simulations to study the pressure-induced\ntransformations between low-density amorphous ice (LDA) and high-density\namorphous ice (HDA) at different temperatures. We employ the ST2 water model\nfor which the LDA-HDA transformations are remarkably sharp, similar to what is\nobserved in experiments, and reminiscent of a first-order phase transition. Our\nresults are consistent with the view that LDA and HDA configurations are\nassociated with two distinct regions (megabasins) of the PEL that are separated\nby a potential energy barrier. At higher temperature, we find that low-density\nliquid (LDL) configurations are located in the same megabasin as LDA, and that\nhigh-density liquid (HDL) configurations are located in the same megabasin as\nHDA. We show that the pressure-induced LDL-HDL and LDA-HDA transformations\noccur along paths that interconnect these two megabasins, but that the path\nfollowed by the liquid is different than the path followed by the amorphous\nsolid. At higher pressure, we also study the liquid-to-ice-VII first-order\nphase transition, and find that the behavior of the PEL properties across this\ntransition are qualitatively similar to the changes found during the LDA-HDA\ntransformation. This similarity supports the interpretation that the LDA-HDA\ntransformation is a first-order-like phase transition between\nout-of-equilibrium states.",
        "positive": "Phenomenological Renormalization Group Methods: Some renormalization group approaches have been proposed during the last few\nyears which are close in spirit to the Nightingale phenomenological procedure.\nIn essence, by exploiting the finite size scaling hypothesis, the approximate\ncritical behavior of the model on infinite lattice is obtained through the\nexact computation of some thermal quantities of the model on finite clusters.\nIn this work some of these methods are reviewed, namely the mean field\nrenormalization group, the effective field renormalization group and the finite\nsize scaling renormalization group procedures. Although special emphasis is\ngiven to the mean field renormalization group (since it has been, up to now,\nmuch more applied an extended to study a wide variety of different systems) a\ndiscussion of their potentialities and interrelations to other methods is also\naddressed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coexistence, interfacial energy, and the fate of microemulsions in 2D\n  dipolar bosons: The superfluid-crystal quantum phase transition of a system of purely\nrepulsive dipolar bosons in two dimensions is studied by Quantum Monte Carlo\nsimulations at zero temperature. We determine freezing and melting densities,\nand estimate the energy per unit length of a macroscopic interface separating\nthe two phases. The results rule out the microemulsion scenario for any\nphysical realization of this system, given the exceedingly large predicted size\nof the bubbles.",
        "positive": "Spin-waves in a complex magnetic system: nonextensive approach: In this paper we analyze the spin-wave excitations (magnons) of an\ninhomogeneous spin system within the Boltzmann-Gibbs framework and then connect\nthe results with the nonextensive approach (in the sense of Tsallis\nstatistics). Considering an equivalence between those two frameworks, we could\nconnect the entropic parameter q with moments of the distribution of exchange\nintegrals of the inhomogenous system. It ratifies the idea that the entropic\nparameter is connected to the microscopic properties of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Real-time correlators in chaotic quantum many-body systems: We study real-time local correlators\n$\\langle\\mathcal{O}(\\mathbf{x},t)\\mathcal{O}(0,0)\\rangle$ in chaotic quantum\nmany-body systems. These correlators show universal structure at late times,\ndetermined by the dominant operator-space Feynman trajectories for the evolving\noperator $\\mathcal{O}(\\mathbf{x},t)$. The relevant trajectories involve the\noperator contracting to a point at both the initial and final time and so are\nstructurally different from those dominating the out-of-time-order correlator.\nIn the absence of conservation laws, correlations decay exponentially:\n$\\langle\\mathcal{O}(\\mathbf{x},t)\\mathcal{O}(0,0)\\rangle\\sim\\exp(-s_\\mathrm{eq}\nr(\\mathbf{v}) t)$, where $\\mathbf{v}= \\mathbf{x}/ t$ defines a spacetime ray,\nand $r(\\mathbf{v})$ is an associated decay rate. We express $r(\\mathbf{v})$ in\nterms of cost functions for various spacetime structures. In 1+1D, operator\nhistories can show a phase transition at a critical ray velocity $v_c$, where\n$r(\\mathbf{v})$ is nonanalytic. At low $v$, the dominant Feynman histories are\n\"fat\": the operator grows to a size of order $t^\\alpha\\gg 1$ before contracting\nto a point again. At high $v$ the trajectories are \"thin\": the operator always\nremains of order-one size. In a Haar-random unitary circuit, this transition\nmaps to a simple binding transition for a pair of random walks (the two spatial\nboundaries of the operator). In higher dimensions, thin trajectories always\ndominate. We discuss ways to extract the butterfly velocity $v_B$ from the\ntime-ordered correlator, rather than the OTOC. Correlators in the random\ncircuit may alternatively be computed with an effective Ising-like model: a\nspecial feature of the Ising weights for the Haar brickwork circuit gives\n$v_c=v_B$. This work addresses lattice models, but also suggests the\npossibility of morphological phase transitions for real-time Feynman diagrams\nin quantum field theories.",
        "positive": "Run and tumble particle under resetting: a renewal approach: We consider a particle undergoing run and tumble dynamics, in which its\nvelocity stochastically reverses, in one dimension. We study the addition of a\nPoissonian resetting process occurring with rate $r$. At a reset event the\nparticle's position is returned to the resetting site $X_r$ and the particle's\nvelocity is reversed with probability $\\eta$. The case $\\eta = 1/2$ corresponds\nto position resetting and velocity randomization whereas $\\eta =0$ corresponds\nto position-only resetting. We show that, beginning from symmetric initial\nconditions, the stationary state does not depend on $\\eta$ i.e. it is\nindependent of the velocity resetting protocol. However, in the presence of an\nabsorbing boundary at the origin, the survival probability and mean time to\nabsorption do depend on the velocity resetting protocol. Using a renewal\nequation approach, we show that the the mean time to absorption is always less\nfor velocity randomization than for position-only resetting."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Dynamics and Equilibration in the Classical Heisenberg Chain: The search for departures from standard hydrodynamics in many-body systems\nhas yielded a number of promising leads, especially in low dimension. Here we\nstudy one of the simplest classical interacting lattice models, the\nnearest-neighbour Heisenberg chain, with temperature as tuning parameter. Our\nnumerics expose strikingly different spin dynamics between the antiferromagnet,\nwhere it is largely diffusive, and the ferromagnet, where we observe strong\nevidence either of spin super-diffusion or an extremely slow crossover to\ndiffusion. This difference also governs the equilibration after a quench, and,\nremarkably, is apparent even at very high temperatures.",
        "positive": "Survival of the Scarcer: We investigate extinction dynamics in the paradigmatic model of two competing\nspecies A and B that reproduce (A-->2A, B-->2B), self-regulate by annihilation\n(2A-->0, 2B-->0), and compete (A+B-->A, A+B-->B). For a finite system that is\nin the well-mixed limit, a quasi-stationary state arises which describes\ncoexistence of the two species. Because of discrete noise, both species\neventually become extinct in time that is exponentially long in the\nquasi-stationary population size. For a sizable range of asymmetries in the\ngrowth and competition rates, the paradoxical situation arises in which the\nnumerically disadvantaged species according to the deterministic rate equations\nsurvives much longer."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Field Theory and Effective Action Method for scalar Active\n  Matter: We employ Statistical Field Theory techniques for coarse-graining the\nsteady-state properties of Active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles. The computation\nis carried on in the framework of the Unified Colored Noise approximation that\nallows an effective equilibrium picture. We thus develop a mean-field theory\nthat allows to describe in a unified framework the phenomenology of scalar\nActive Matter. In particular, we are able to describe through spontaneous\nsymmetry breaking mechanism two peculiar features of Active Systems that are\n(i) The accumulation of active particles at the boundaries of a confining\ncontainer, and (ii) Motility-Induced Phase Separation (MIPS).\n\\textcolor{black}{We develop a mean-field theory for steric interacting active\nparticles undergoing to MIPS and for Active Lennard-Jones (ALJ) fluids.}\n\\textcolor{black}{Within this framework}, we discuss the universality class of\nMIPS and ALJ \\textcolor{black}{showing that it falls into Ising universality\nclass.} We \\textcolor{black}{thus} compute analytically the critical line\n$T_c(\\tau)$ for both models. In the case of MIPS, $T_c(\\tau)$ gives rise to a\nreentrant phase diagram compatible with an inverse transition from liquid to\ngas as the strength of the noise decreases. \\textcolor{black}{However, in the\ncase of particles interacting through anisotropic potentials, } the field\ntheory acquires a $\\varphi^3$ term that, \\textcolor{black}{in general, cannot\nbe canceled performing the expansion around the critical point.} In this case,\nthe \\textcolor{black}{Ising} critical point might \\textcolor{black}{be\nreplaced} by a first-order phase transition \\textcolor{black}{region}.",
        "positive": "Inverse thermodynamic uncertainty relations: general upper bounds on the\n  fluctuations of trajectory observables: Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) are general lower bounds on the\nsize of fluctutations of dynamical observables. They have important\nconsequences, one being that the precision of estimation of a current is\nlimited by the amount of entropy production. Here we prove the existence of\ngeneral upper bounds on the size of fluctuations of any linear combination of\nfluxes (including all time-integrated currents or dynamical activities) for\ncontinuous-time Markov chains. We obtain these general relations by means of\nconcentration bound techniques. These ``inverse TURs'' are valid for all times\nand not only in the long time limit. We illustrate our analytical results with\na simple model, and discuss wider implications of these new relations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover behavior of conductivity in a discontinuous percolation model: When conducting bonds are occupied randomly in a two-dimensional square\nlattice, the conductivity of the system increases continuously as the density\nof those conducting bonds exceeds the percolation threshold. Such a behavior is\nwell known in percolation theory; however, the conductivity behavior has not\nbeen studied yet when the percolation transition is discontinuous. Here we\ninvestigate the conductivity behavior through a discontinuous percolation model\nevolving under a suppressive external bias. Using effective medium theory, we\nanalytically calculate the conductivity behavior as a function of the density\nof conducting bonds. The conductivity function exhibits a crossover behavior\nfrom a drastically to a smoothly increasing function beyond the percolation\nthreshold in the thermodynamic limit. The analytic expression fits well our\nsimulation data.",
        "positive": "Relaxation after quantum quenches in the spin-1/2 Heisenberg XXZ chain: We consider the time evolution after quantum quenches in the spin-1/2\nHeisenberg XXZ quantum spin chain with Ising-like anisotropy. The time\nevolution of short-distance spin-spin correlation functions is studied by\nnumerical tensor network techniques for a variety of initial states, including\nN\\'eel and Majumdar-Ghosh states and the ground state of the XXZ chain at large\nvalues of the anisotropy. The various correlators appear to approach stationary\nvalues, which are found to be in good agreement with the results of exact\ncalculations of stationary expectation values in appropriate generalized Gibbs\nensembles. In particular, our analysis shows how symmetries of the post-quench\nHamiltonian that are broken by particular initial states are restored at late\ntimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modelling on the very large-scale connectome: In this review, we discuss critical dynamics of simple nonequilibrium models\non large connectomes, obtained by diffusion MRI, representing the white matter\nof the human brain. In the first chapter, we overview graph theoretical and\ntopological analysis of these networks, pointing out that universality allows\nselecting a representative network, the KKI-18, which has been used for\ndynamical simulation. The critical and sub-critical behaviour of simple, two-\nor three-state threshold models is discussed with special emphasis on\nrare-region effects leading to robust Griffiths Phases (GP). Numerical results\nof synchronization phenomena, studied by the Kuramoto model, are also shown,\nleading to a continuous analog of the GP, termed frustrated synchronization.\nThe models presented here exhibit dynamical scaling behaviour with exponents in\nagreement with brain experimental data if local homeostasis is provided.",
        "positive": "Bubble nucleation in stout beers: Bubble nucleation in weakly supersaturated solutions of carbon dioxide - such\nas champagne, sparkling wines and carbonated beers - is well understood.\nBubbles grow and detach from nucleation sites: gas pockets trapped within\nhollow cellulose fibres. This mechanism appears not to be active in stout beers\nthat are supersaturated solutions of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. In their\ncanned forms these beers require additional technology (widgets) to release the\nbubbles which will form the head of the beer. We extend the mathematical model\nof bubble nucleation in carbonated liquids to the case of two gasses and show\nthat this nucleation mechanism is active in stout beers, though substantially\nslower than in carbonated beers and confirm this by observation. A rough\ncalculation suggests that despite the slowness of the process, applying a\ncoating of hollow porous fibres to the inside of a can or bottle could be a\npotential replacement for widgets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lack of energy equipartition in homogeneous heated binary granular\n  mixtures: We consider the problem of determining the granular temperatures of the\ncomponents of a homogeneous binary heated mixture of inelastic hard spheres, in\nthe framework of Enskog kinetic theory. Equations are derived for the\ntemperatures of each species and their ratio, which is different from unity, as\nmay be expected since the system is out of equilibrium. We focus on the\nparticular heating mechanism where the inelastic energy loss is compensated by\nan injection through a random external force (``stochastic thermostat''). The\ninfluence of various parameters and their possible experimental relevance is\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Classical pendulum clocks break the thermodynamic uncertainty relation: The thermodynamic uncertainty relation expresses a seemingly universal\ntrade-off between the cost for driving an autonomous system and precision in\nany output observable. It has so far been proven for discrete systems and for\noverdamped Brownian motion. Its validity for the more general class of\nunderdamped Brownian motion, where inertia is relevant, was conjectured based\non numerical evidence. We now disprove this conjecture by constructing a\ncounterexample. Its design is inspired by a classical pendulum clock, which\nuses an escapement to couple the motion of an oscillator to another degree of\nfreedom (a \"hand\") driven by an external force. Considering a thermodynamically\nconsistent, discrete model for an escapement mechanism, we first show that the\noscillations of an underdamped harmonic oscillator in thermal equilibrium are\nsufficient to break the thermodynamic uncertainty relation. We then show that\nthis is also the case in simulations of a fully continuous underdamped system\nwith a potential landscape that mimics an escaped pendulum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion-driven self-assembly of rod-like particles: Monte Carlo\n  simulation on a square lattice: The diffusion-driven self-assembly of rod-like particles was studied by means\nof Monte Carlo simulation. The rods were represented as linear $k$-mers (i.e.,\nparticles occupying $k$ adjacent sites). In the initial state, they were\ndeposited onto a two-dimensional square lattice of size $L\\times L$ up to the\njamming concentration using a random sequential adsorption algorithm. The size\nof the lattice, $L$, was varied from $128$ to $2048$, and periodic boundary\nconditions were applied along both $x$ and $y$ axes, while the length of the\n$k$-mers (determining the aspect ratio) was varied from $2$ to $12$. The\n$k$-mers oriented along the $x$ and $y$ directions ($k_x$-mers and $k_y$-mers,\nrespectively) were deposited equiprobably. In the course of the simulation, the\nnumbers of intraspecific and interspecific contacts between the same sort and\nbetween different sorts of $k$-mers, respectively, were calculated. Both the\nshift ratio of the actual number of shifts along the longitudinal or transverse\naxes of the $k$-mers and the electrical conductivity of the system were also\nexamined. For the initial random configuration, quite different\nself-organization behavior was observed for short and long $k$-mers. For long\n$k$-mers ($k\\geq 6$), three main stages of diffusion-driven spatial segregation\n(self-assembly) were identified: the initial stage, reflecting destruction of\nthe jamming state, the intermediate stage, reflecting continuous cluster\ncoarsening and labyrinth pattern formation and the final stage, reflecting the\nformation of diagonal stripe domains. Additional examination of two\nartificially constructed initial configurations showed that this pattern of\ndiagonal stripe domains is an attractor, i.e., any spatial distribution of\n$k$-mers tends to transform into diagonal stripes. Nevertheless, the time for\nrelaxation to the steady state essentially increases as the lattice size\ngrowth.",
        "positive": "Critical parameters from trap-size scaling in trapped particle systems: We investigate the critical behavior of trapped particle systems at the\nlow-temperature superfluid transition. In particular, we consider the\nthree-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model in the presence of a trapping harmonic\npotential coupled with the particle density, which is a realistic model of cold\nbosonic atoms in optical lattices. We present a numerical study based on\nquantum Monte Carlo simulations, analyzed in the framework of the trap-size\nscaling (TSS).\n  We show how the critical parameters can be derived from the trap-size\ndependences of appropriate observables, matching them with TSS. This provides a\nsystematic scheme which is supposed to exactly converge to the critical\nparameters of the transition in the large trap-size limit. Our numerical\nanalysis may provide a guide for experimental investigations of trapped systems\nat finite-temperature and quantum transitions, showing how critical parameters\nmay be determined by looking at the scaling of the critical modes with respect\nto the trap size, i.e. by matching the trap-size dependence of the experimental\ndata with the expected TSS Ansatz."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Continuous time random walk with correlated waiting times: Based on the Langevin description of the Continuous Time Random Walk (CTRW),\nwe consider a generalization of CTRW in which the waiting times between the\nsubsequent jumps are correlated. We discuss the cases of exponential and slowly\ndecaying persistent power-law correlations between the waiting times as two\ngeneric examples and obtain the corresponding mean squared displacements as\nfunctions of time. In the case of exponential-type correlations the\n(sub)diffusion at short times is slower than in the absence of correlations. At\nlong times the behavior of the mean squared displacement is the same as in\nuncorrelated CTRW. For power-law correlations we find subdiffusion\ncharacterized by the same exponent at all times, which appears to be smaller\nthan the one in uncorrelated CTRW. Interestingly, in the limiting case of an\nextremely long power-law correlations, the (sub)diffusion exponent does not\ntend to zero, but is bounded from below by the subdiffusion exponent\ncorresponding to a short time behavior in the case of exponential correlations.",
        "positive": "Geometry of the energy landscape of the self-gravitating ring: We study the global geometry of the energy landscape of a simple model of a\nself-gravitating system, the self-gravitating ring (SGR). This is done by\nendowing the configuration space with a metric such that the dynamical\ntrajectories are identified with geodesics. The average curvature and curvature\nfluctuations of the energy landscape are computed by means of Monte Carlo\nsimulations and, when possible, of a mean-field method, showing that these\nglobal geometric quantities provide a clear geometric characterization of the\ncollapse phase transition occurring in the SGR as the transition from a flat\nlandscape at high energies to a landscape with mainly positive but fluctuating\ncurvature in the collapsed phase. Moreover, curvature fluctuations show a\nmaximum in correspondence with the energy of a possible further transition,\noccurring at lower energies than the collapse one, whose existence had been\npreviously conjectured on the basis of a local analysis of the energy landscape\nand whose effect on the usual thermodynamic quantities, if any, is extremely\nweak. We also estimate the largest Lyapunov exponent $\\lambda$ of the SGR using\nthe geometric observables. The geometric estimate always gives the correct\norder of magnitude of $\\lambda$ and is also quantitatively correct at small\nenergy densities and, in the limit $N\\to\\infty$, in the whole homogeneous\nphase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Blume-Capel model for spins S=1 and 3/2 in dimensions d=2 and 3: Expansions through the 24th order at high-temperature and up to 11th order at\nlow-temperature are derived for the main observables of the Blume-Capel model\non bipartite lattices (sq, sc and bcc) in 2d and 3d with various values of the\nspin and in presence of a magnetic field. All expansion coefficients are\ncomputed exactly as functions of the crystal and magnetic fields. Several\ncritical properties of the model are analyzed in the two most studied cases of\nspin S=1 and S=3/2.",
        "positive": "Refining Deutsch's approach to thermalization: The ground breaking investigation by Deutsch [Phys. Rev. A 43, 2046 (1991)]\nof how closed many-body quantum systems approach thermal equilibrium is\nrevisited. It is shown how to carry out some important steps which were still\nmissing in that paper. Moreover, the class of admitted systems is considerably\nextended."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Branched Polymers and Percolation: We study a supposed model for branched polymers which was shown in two\ndimensions to be in the universality class of ordinary percolation. We confirm\nthis by high statistics simulations and show that it is in the percolation\nuniversality class also for three dimensions, in contrast to previous claims.\nThese previous studies seem to have been mislead by huge corrections to scaling\nin this model.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo adaptive resolution simulation of multicomponent molecular\n  liquids: Complex soft matter systems can be efficiently studied with the help of\nadaptive resolution simulation methods, concurrently employing two levels of\nresolution in different regions of the simulation domain. The non-matching\nproperties of high- and low-resolution models, however, lead to thermodynamic\nimbalances between the system's subdomains. Such inhomogeneities can be healed\nby appropriate compensation forces, whose calculation requires nontrivial\niterative procedures. In this work we employ the recently developed Hamiltonian\nAdaptive Resolution Simulation method to perform Monte Carlo simulations of a\nbinary mixture, and propose an efficient scheme, based on Kirkwood\nThermodynamic Integration, to regulate the thermodynamic balance of\nmulti-component systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extensivity and nonextensivity of two-parameter entropies: In this paper, we investigate two-parameter entropies and obtain some\nconditions for their extensivity. By using a generalized $(k,r)-product$,\ncorrelations for subsystems are related to the joint probabilities, so that the\nentropy remains extensive.",
        "positive": "Slaved Coarsening in Ferronematics: We focus on understanding the influence of the two-component coupling in\nferronematics, a colloidal suspension of magnetic nanoparticles in nematic\nliquid crystals. Using coarse-grained Landau-de Gennes free energies, we study\nthe ordering dynamics of this complex fluid and present a range of analytical\nand numerical results. Our main observations are: (i) slaved coarsening for\nquench temperatures $T$ intermediate to the critical temperatures of the\nuncoupled components, (ii) slower growth similar to the Lifshitz-Slyozov law\n($L \\sim t^{1/3}$) for symmetric magneto-nematic coupling, (iii) sub-domain\nmorphologies dominated by interfacial defects for asymmetric coupling\nstrengths. These novel results will serve to guide future experiments on this\ntechnologically important system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adiabatic elimination of inertia of the stochastic microswimmer driven\n  by $\u03b1-$stable noise: We consider a microswimmer that moves in two dimensions at a constant speed\nand changes the direction of its motion due to a torque consisting of a\nconstant and a fluctuating component. The latter will be modeled by a symmetric\nL\\'evy-stable ($\\alpha$-stable) noise. The purpose is to develop a kinetic\napproach to eliminate the angular component of the dynamics in order to find a\ncoarse grained description in the coordinate space. By defining the joint\nprobability density function of the position and of the orientation of the\nparticle through the Fokker-Planck equation, we derive transport equations for\nthe position-dependent marginal density, the particle's mean velocity and the\nvelocity's variance. At time scales larger than the relaxation time of the\ntorque $\\tau_{\\phi}$ the two higher moments follow the marginal density, and\ncan be adiabatically eliminated. As a result, a closed equation for the\nmarginal density follows. This equation which gives a coarse-grained\ndescription of the microswimmer's positions at time scales $t\\gg \\tau_{\\phi}$,\nis a diffusion equation with a constant diffusion coefficient depending on the\nproperties of the noise. Hence, the long time dynamics of a microswimmer can be\ndescribed as a normal, diffusive, Brownian motion with Gaussian increments.",
        "positive": "Demon driven by geometric phase: We theoretically study the entropy production and the work extracted from a\nsystem connected to two reservoirs by periodic modulations of the\nelectrochemical potentials of the reservoirs and the parameter of a system\nHamiltonian under isothermal conditions. We find that the modulation of the\nparameters can drive a geometric state, which is away from a nonequilibrium\nsteady state. Using this property, we construct a demon in which the entropy\nproduction during the first one-cycle is negative such that we can extract the\nwork if we start from the nonequilibrium steady state without parameter\nmodulations. We use the Anderson model to implement the demon in a realistic\nsituation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatio-temporal organization of vehicles in a cellular automata model of\n  traffic with 'slow-to-start' rule: The spatio-temporal organizations of vehicular traffic in cellular-automata\nmodels with \"slow-to-start\" rules are qualitatively different from those in the\nNagel-Schreckenberg (NaSch) model of highway traffic. Here we study the effects\nof such a slow-to-start rule, introduced by Benjamin, Johnson and Hui (BJH), on\nthe the distributions of the distance-headways, time-headways, jam sizes and\nsizes of the gaps between successive jams by a combination of approximate\nanalytical calculations and extensive computer simulations. We compare these\nresults for the BJH model with the corresponding results for the NaSch model\nand interpret the qualitative differences in the nature of the spatio-temporal\norganizations of traffic in these two models in terms of a phase separation of\nthe traffic caused by the slow-to-start rule in the BJH model.",
        "positive": "Brownian oscillators driven by correlated noise in a moving trap: Brownian oscillator, i.e. a micron-sized or smaller particle trapped in a\nthermally fluctuating environment is studied. The confining harmonic potential\ncan move with a constant velocity. As distinct from the standard Langevin\ntheory, the chaotic force driving the particle is correlated in time. The\ndynamics of the particle is described by the generalized Langevin equation with\nthe inertial term, a coloured noise force, and a memory integral. We consider\ntwo kinds of the memory in the system. The first one corresponds to the\nexponentially correlated noise in a weakly viscoelastic fluid and in the second\ncase the memory naturally arises within the Navier-Stokes hydrodynamics. Exact\nanalytical solutions are obtained in both the cases using a simple and\neffective method not applied so far in this kind of problems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Domain growth kinetics of active model B with thermal fluctuations: We perform a comprehensive study on the role of thermal noise on the ordering\nkinetics of a collection of active Brownian particles modeled using\ncoarse-grained conserved active model B (AMB). The ordering kinetics of the\nsystem is studied for the critical mixture when quenched from high to a low\ntemperature. The structure of the growing domains changes from isolated droplet\ntype for AMB without noise to bi-continuous type for active model B with noise\n(AMBN). Unlike the passive counterpart of the AMB, the noise is relevant for\nthe growth kinetics of the AMB. We use extensive numerical study, as well as\ndynamic scaling hypothesis to characterize the kinetics of the system. We find\nthat the asymptotic growth law for AMBN is diffusive Lifshitz-Slyozov (LS)\ntype, whereas it was reported previously that the asymptotic growth law for the\nAMB without noise is slower, with a growth exponent 4. Moreover, the kinetics\nof the growing domains show a strong time dependent growth for AMBN. The growth\nlaw shows a crossover from early time 1/3 value to intermediate time 1/4 value,\nand it again traverses from 1/4 to 1/3 asymptotically. The two different\nscaling functions are found for intermediate time and late time with growth law\n1/4 and 1/3 respectively.",
        "positive": "Response of non-equilibrium systems with long-range initial correlations: The long-time dynamics of the $d$-dimensional spherical model with a\nnon-conserved order parameter and quenched from an initial state with\nlong-range correlations is studied through the exact calculation of the\ntwo-time autocorrelation and autoresponse functions. In the aging regime, these\nare given in terms of non-trivial universal scaling functions of both time\nvariables. At criticality, five distinct types of aging are found, depending on\nthe form of the initial correlations, while at low temperatures only a single\ntype of aging exists. The autocorrelation and autoreponse exponents are shown\nto be generically different and to depend on the initial conditions. The\nscaling form of the two-time response functions agrees with a recent prediction\ncoming from local scale invariance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Fluctuation Theorem and Green-Kubo Relations: Green-Kubo and Einstein expressions for the transport coefficients of a fluid\nin a nonequilibrium steady state can be derived using the Fluctuation Theorem\nand by assuming the probability distribution of the time-averaged dissipative\nflux is Gaussian. These expressions are consistent with those obtained using\nlinear response theory and are valid in the linear regime. It is shown that\nthese expressions are however, not valid in the nonlinear regime where the\nfluid is driven far from equilibrium. We advance an argument for why these\nexpression are only valid in the linear response, zero field limit.",
        "positive": "Local Nonequilibrium Configurational Entropy in Quasi-one-dimensional\n  Heat Conduction: In a quasi-one-dimensional system the particles remain ordered from left to\nright allowing the association of a volume element to the particle which on\naverage resides there. Thus the properties of that single particle can give the\nlocal densities in the volume element. With reservoirs of different\ntemperatures connected to each end of the system a steady heat current with an\nanomalous thermal conductivity results. A local configurational entropy density\nis calculated from two-particle correlation functions which varies locally\nwithin the nonequilibrium steady state. This local configurational entropy is\nproposed as the configurational component of the local entropy of the\nnonequilibrium steady state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact spectral solution of two interacting run-and-tumble particles on a\n  ring lattice: Exact solutions of interacting random walk models, such as 1D lattice gases,\noffer precise insight into the origin of nonequilibrium phenomena. Here, we\nstudy a model of run-and-tumble particles on a ring lattice interacting via\nhardcore exclusion. We present the exact solution for one and two particles\nusing a generating function technique. For two particles, the eigenvectors and\neigenvalues are explicitly expressed using two parameters reminiscent of Bethe\nroots, whose numerical values are determined by polynomial equations which we\nderive. The spectrum depends in a complicated way on the ratio of direction\nreversal rate to lattice jump rate, $\\omega$. For both one and two particles,\nthe spectrum consists of separate real bands for large $\\omega$, which mix and\nbecome complex-valued for small $\\omega$. At exceptional values of $\\omega$,\ntwo or more eigenvalues coalesce such that the Markov matrix is\nnon-diagonalizable. A consequence of this intricate parameter dependence is the\nappearance of dynamical transitions: non-analytic minima in the longest\nrelaxation times as functions of $\\omega$ (for a given lattice size).\nExceptional points are theoretically and experimentally relevant in, e.g., open\nquantum systems and multichannel scattering. We propose that the phenomenon\nshould be a ubiquitous feature of classical nonequilibrium models as well, and\nof relevance to physical observables in this context.",
        "positive": "Quasiclassical and Statistical Properties of Fermion Systems: A quasiclassical correspondent for the fermion degrees of freedom is obtained\nby using a time-dependent variational principle with Grassmann coherent states\nas trial functions. In the real parametrization provided by the canonical\ncoordinates, these states satisfy a closure relationship, and this is used to\ncalculate the partition function at finite temperature. The particular example\nconsidered here consists of a many-fermion system in a quantum double-well.\nEntanglement between the one-particle orbital states leads to deviations from\nthe normal Fermi-Dirac distribution. This deviation is reflected in the\ndependence of the chemical potential on concentration. In the physical example\nof two adjacent CuO planes in a high-Tc superconductor, the dependence is\nsuggestive of the pseudogap observed at temperatures T>Tc."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimizing the Energetics of the Finite-time Driving of Field Theories: The phase transitions for many-body systems have been understood using field\ntheories. A few canonical physical model classes encapsulate the underlying\nphysical properties of a large number of systems. The finite-time driving of\nsuch systems and associated optimal energetic costs have not been investigated\nyet. We consider two universality classes Model A and Model B, that describe\nthe dynamics for the non-conserved and conserved scalar order parameters\nrespectively. Here, using the recent developments in stochastic thermodynamics\nand optimal transport theory, we analytically compute the optimal driving\nprotocols by minimizing the mean stochastic work required for finite-time\ndriving. Further, we numerically optimize the mean and variance of the\nstochastic work simultaneously. Such a multi-objective optimization is called a\nPareto optimization problem and its optimal solution is a Pareto front. We\ndiscover a first-order Pareto phase transition in the Pareto front. Physically,\nit corresponds to the coexistence of two classes of optimal driving protocols\nanalogous to the liquid-gas coexistence for the equilibrium phase transition.\nOur framework sheds light on the finite-time optimal driving of the fields and\nthe trade-off between the mean and fluctuations of the optimal work.",
        "positive": "Critical phenomena of a hybrid phase transition in cluster merging\n  dynamics: Recently, a hybrid percolation transitions (HPT) that exhibits both a\ndiscontinuous transition and critical behavior at the same transition point has\nbeen observed in diverse complex systems. In spite of considerable effort to\ndevelop the theory of HPT, it is still incomplete, particularly when the\ntransition is induced by cluster merging dynamics. Here, we aim to develop a\ntheoretical framework of the HPT induced by such dynamics. We find that two\ncorrelation-length exponents are necessary for characterizing the giant cluster\nand finite clusters, respectively. Finite-size scaling method for the HPT is\nalso introduced. The conventional formula of the fractal dimension in terms of\nthe critical exponents is not valid. Neither the giant nor finite clusters are\nfractals but they have fractal boundaries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A comparative study between two models of active cluster-crystals: We study a system of active particles with soft repulsive interactions that\nlead to an active cluster-crystal phase in two dimensions. We use two different\nmodelizations of the active force - Active Brownian particles (ABP) and\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck particles (AOUP) - and focus on analogies and differences\nbetween them. We study the different phases appearing in the system, in\nparticular, the formation of ordered patterns drifting in space without being\naltered. We develop an effective description which captures some properties of\nthe stable clusters for both ABP and AOUP. As an additional point, we confine\nsuch a system in a large channel, in order to study the interplay between the\ncluster crystal phase and the well-known accumulation near the walls, a\nphenomenology typical of active particles. For small activities, we find\nclusters attached to the walls and deformed, while for large values of the\nactive force they collapse in stripes parallel to the walls.",
        "positive": "Grad's Moment Method for a Low-Density Granular Gas. Navier-Stokes\n  Transport Coefficients: The Navier-Stokes transport coefficients for a granular gas of smooth\ninelastic hard disks or spheres are determined from the inelastic Boltzmann\nequation by means of Grad's moment method. The shear viscosity $\\eta$, the\nthermal conductivity $\\kappa$ and the new transport coefficient $\\mu$ (not\npresent for elastic collisions) are explicitly obtained as nonlinear functions\nof the (constant) coefficient of restitution $\\alpha$. The expressions of\n$\\eta$, $\\kappa$, and $\\mu$ agree with those previously obtained from the\nChapman-Enskog method by using the first Sonine approximation. A comparison\nwith previous results derived from Grad's moment method for two and three\ndimensions is also carried out."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality and nonmonotonic finite-size effects above the upper\n  critical dimension: We analyze universal and nonuniversal finite-size effects of lattice systems\nin a $L^d$ geometry above the upper critical dimension d = 4 within the O(n)\nsymmetric $\\phi^4$ lattice theory. On the basis of exact results for $n\n\\to\\infty$ and one-loop results for n = 1 we identify significant lattice\neffects that cannot be explained by the $\\phi^4$ continuum theory. Our analysis\nresolves longstanding discrepancies between earlier asymptotic theories and\nMonte Carlo (MC) data for the five-dimensional Ising model of small size. We\npredict a {\\it nonmonotonic} L dependence of the scaled susceptibility $\\chi\nL^{-d/2}$ at $T_c$ with a weak maximum that has not yet been detected by MC\ndata.",
        "positive": "Tracer diffusion in a dislocated lamellar system: Many lamellar systems exhibit strongly anisotropic diffusion. When the\ndiffusion across the lamellae is slow, an alternative mechanism for transverse\ntransport becomes important. A tracer particle can propagate in the direction\nnormal to the lamellae, never leaving a particular layer, by going around a\nscrew dislocation. Given the density of positive and negative screw\ndislocations, we calculate the statistical properties of the transverse\ntransport. When either positive or negative dislocations are in excess, the\ntracer moves ballistically normally to the layers with the mean square of the\ndisplacement growing like the square of time T^2. When the average dislocation\ncharge is zero, the mean square of the normal displacement grows like T log T\nfor large times. To obtain this result, the trajectory of the tracer must be\nsmoothed over distances of order of the dislocation core size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unusual Yang-Lee edge singularity in the one-dimensional\n  axial-next-to-nearest-neighbor Ising model: We show here for the one-dimensional spin-1/2 ANNNI\n(axial-next-to-nearest-neighbor-Ising) model in an external magnetic field that\nthe linear density of Yang-Lee zeros may diverge with critical exponent $\\sigma\n= -2/3$ at the Yang-Lee edge singularity. The necessary condition for this\nunusual behavior is the triple degeneracy of the transfer matrix eigenvalues.\nIf this condition is absent we have the usual value $\\sigma = -1/2$. Analogous\nresults have been found in the literature in the spin-1 Blume-Emery-Griffths\nmodel and in the three-state Potts model in a magnetic field with two complex\ncomponents. Our results support the universality of $\\sigma = -2/3$ which might\nbe a one-dimensional footprint of a tricritical version of the Yang-Lee-Edge\nsingularity possibly present also in higher-dimensional spin models.",
        "positive": "Dimensionless Numbers Reveal Distinct Regimes in the Structure and\n  Dynamics of Pedestrian Crowds: In fluid mechanics, dimensionless numbers like the Reynolds number help\nclassify flows. We argue that such a classification is also relevant for crowd\nflows by putting forward the dimensionless Intrusion and Avoidance\nnumbers.Using an extensive dataset, we show that these delineate regimes that\nare characterized by distinct structural signatures, best probed in terms of\ndistances at low Avoidance number and times-to-collision at low Intrusion\nnumber.These findings prompt a perturbative expansion of the agent-based\ndynamics; the generic models thus obtained perform well in (and only in) the\nregime in which they were derived."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Logistic growth on networks: exact solutions for the SI model: The SI model is the most basic of all compartmental models used to describe\nthe spreading of information through a population. Despite its apparent\nsimplicity, the analytic solution of this model on networks is still lacking.\nWe address this problem here, using a novel formulation inspired by the\nmathematical treatment of many-body quantum systems. This allows us to organize\nthe time-dependent expectation values for the state of individual nodes in\nterms of contributions from subgraphs of the network. We compute these\ncontributions systematically and find a set of symmetry relations among\nsubgraphs of differing topologies. We use our novel approach to compute the\nspreading of information on three different sample networks. The exact\nsolution, which matches with Monte-Carlo simulations, visibly departs from the\nmean-field results.",
        "positive": "Noise-assisted classical adiabatic pumping in a symmetric periodic\n  potential: We consider a classical overdamped Brownian particle moving in a symmetric\nperiodic potential. We show that a net particle flow can be produced by\nadiabatically changing two external periodic potentials with a spatial and a\ntemporal phase difference. The classical pumped current is found to be\nindependent of the friction and to vanish both in the limit of low and high\ntemperature. Below a critical temperature, adiabatic pumping appears to be more\nefficient than transport due to a constant external force."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Application of optimization method to the $x^4$ model in the Tsallis\n  nonextensive statistics: We study the effects of the environment described by the Tsallis nonextensive\nstatistics on physical quantities using an optimization method in the case of\nsmall deviation from the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. The $x^4$ model is used\nand the density operator is restricted to be a gaussian form. The variational\nparameter is the frequency $\\Omega$ of a particle in the optimization method.\nWe obtain an approximate expression of free energy and of the expectation value\nof $\\beta m \\Omega^2 x^2 /2$, where $\\beta$ is the inverse of the temperature\nand $m$ is the mass of a particle. Numerically, the optimized frequency is\nestimated and the expectation value of $\\beta m \\Omega^2 x^2 /2$ is calculated.\nThe effects of the Tsallis nonextensive statistic for small deviation from the\nBoltzmann-Gibbs statistics are found: 1) the frequency modulation of a particle\nand 2) the variation of the expectation value of $\\beta m \\Omega^2 x^2 /2$ at\nhigh temperature.",
        "positive": "Inter- and Intra-Chain Attractions in Solutions of Flexible\n  Polyelectrolytes at Nonzero Concentration: Constant temperature molecular dynamics simulations were used to study\nsolutions of flexible polyelectrolyte chains at nonzero concentrations with\nexplicit counterions and unscreened coulombic interactions. Counterion\ncondensation, measured via the self-diffusion coefficient of the counterions,\nis found to increase with polymer concentration, but contrary to the prediction\nof Manning theory, the renormalized charge fraction on the chains decreases\nwith increasing Bjerrum length without showing any saturation. Scaling analysis\nof the radius of gyration shows that the chains are extended at low polymer\nconcentrations and small Bjerrum lengths, while at sufficiently large Bjerrum\nlengths, the chains shrink to produce compact structures with exponents smaller\nthan a gaussian chain, suggesting the presence of attractive intrachain\ninteractions. A careful study of the radial distribution function of the\ncenter-of-mass of the polyelectrolyte chains shows clear evidence that\neffective interchain attractive interactions also exist in solutions of\nflexible polyelectrolytes, similar to what has been found for rodlike\npolyelectrolytes. Our results suggest that the broad maximum observed in\nscattering experiments is due to clustering of chains."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-quasistatic response coefficients and dissipated availability for\n  macroscopic thermodynamic systems: The characterization of finite-time thermodynamic processes is of crucial\nimportance for extending equilibrium thermodynamics to nonequilibrium\nthermodynamics. The central issue is to quantify responses of thermodynamic\nvariables and irreversible dissipation associated with non-quasistatic changes\nof thermodynamic forces applied to the system. In this study, we derive a\nsimple formula that incorporates the non-quasistatic response coefficients with\nOnsager's kinetic coefficients, where the Onsager coefficients characterize the\nrelaxation dynamics of fluctuation of extensive thermodynamic variables of\nsemi-macroscopic systems. Moreover, the thermodynamic length and the dissipated\navailability that quantifies the efficiency of irreversible thermodynamic\nprocesses are formulated in terms of the derived non-quasistatic response\ncoefficients. The present results are demonstrated by using an ideal gas model.\nThe present results are, in principle, verifiable through experiments and are\nthus expected to provide a guiding principle for the nonequilibrium control of\nmacroscopic thermodynamic systems.",
        "positive": "Survival probability of an immobile target surrounded by mobile traps: We study analytically, in one dimension, the survival probability $P_{s}(t)$\nup to time $t$ of an immobile target surrounded by mutually noninteracting\ntraps each performing a continuous-time random walk (CTRW) in continuous space.\nWe consider a general CTRW with symmetric and continuous (but otherwise\narbitrary) jump length distribution $f(\\eta)$ and arbitrary waiting time\ndistribution $\\psi(\\tau)$. The traps are initially distributed uniformly in\nspace with density $\\rho$. We prove an exact relation, valid for all time $t$,\nbetween $P_s(t)$ and the expected maximum $E[M(t)]$ of the trap process up to\ntime $t$, for rather general stochastic motion $x_{\\rm trap}(t)$ of each trap.\nWhen $x_{\\rm trap}(t)$ represents a general CTRW with arbitrary $f(\\eta)$ and\n$\\psi(\\tau)$, we are able to compute exactly the first two leading terms in the\nasymptotic behavior of $E[M(t)]$ for large $t$. This allows us subsequently to\ncompute the precise asymptotic behavior, $P_s(t)\\sim a\\, \\exp[-b\\,\nt^{\\theta}]$, for large $t$, with exact expressions for the stretching exponent\n$\\theta$ and the constants $a$ and $b$ for arbitrary CTRW. By choosing\nappropriate $f(\\eta)$ and $\\psi(\\tau)$, we recover the previously known results\nfor diffusive and subdiffusive traps. However, our result is more general and\nincludes, in particular, the superdiffusive traps as well as totally anomalous\ntraps."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical heterogeneities in liquid and glass originate from\n  medium-range order: Slow relaxation and plastic deformation in disordered materials such as\nmetallic glasses and supercooled liquids occur at dynamical heterogeneities, or\nneighboring particles that rearrange in a correlated, cooperative manner.\nDynamical heterogeneities have historically been described by a four-point,\ntime-dependent density correlation function $\\chi_4 (r, t)$. In this paper, we\nposit that $\\chi_4 (r, t)$ contains essentially the same information about\nmedium-range order as the Van Hove correlation function $G(r, t)$. In other\nwords, medium-range order is the origin of spatially correlated regions of\ncooperative particle motion. The Van Hove function is the preferred tool for\ndescribing dynamical heterogeneities than the four-point function, for which\nthe physical meaning is less transparent.",
        "positive": "Transfer matrix for spanning trees, webs and colored forests: We use the transfer matrix formalism for dimers proposed by Lieb, and\ngeneralize it to address the corresponding problem for arrow configurations (or\ntrees) associated to dimer configurations through Temperley's correspondence.\nOn a cylinder, the arrow configurations can be partitioned into sectors\naccording to the number of non-contractible loops they contain. We show how\nLieb's transfer matrix can be adapted in order to disentangle the various\nsectors and to compute the corresponding partition functions. In order to\naddress the issue of Jordan cells, we introduce a new, extended transfer\nmatrix, which not only keeps track of the positions of the dimers, but also\npropagates colors along the branches of the associated trees. We argue that\nthis new matrix contains Jordan cells."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shape universality classes in the random sequential addition of\n  non-spherical particles: Random sequential addition (RSA) models are used in a large variety of\ncontexts to model particle aggregation and jamming. A key feature of these\nmodels is the algebraic time dependence of the asymptotic jamming coverage as\n$t\\to\\infty$. For the RSA of monodisperse non-spherical particles the scaling\nis generally believed to be $~t^{-\\nu}$, where $\\nu=1/d_{\\rm f}$ for a particle\nwith $d_{\\rm f}$ degrees of freedom. While the $d_{\\rm f}=1$ result of spheres\n(Renyi's classical car parking problem) can be derived analytically, evidence\nfor the $1/d_{\\rm f}$ scaling for arbitrary particle shapes has so far only\nbeen provided from empirical studies on a case-by-case basis. Here, we show\nthat the RSA of arbitrary non-spherical particles, whose centres of mass are\nconstrained to fall on a line, can be solved analytically for moderate aspect\nratios. The asymptotic jamming coverage is determined by a Laplace-type\nintegral, whose asymptotics is fully specified by the contact distance between\ntwo particles of given orientations. The analysis of the contact function $r$\nshows that the scaling exponent depends on particle shape and falls into two\nuniversality classes for generic shapes with $\\tilde{d}$ orientational degrees\nof freedom: (i) $\\nu=1/(1+\\tilde{d}/2)$ when $r$ is a smooth function of the\norientations as for smooth convex shapes, e.g., ellipsoids; (ii)\n$\\nu=1/(1+\\tilde{d})$ when $r$ contains singularities due to flat sides as for,\ne.g., spherocylinders and polyhedra. The exact solution explains in particular\nwhy many empirically observed scalings in $2d$ and $3d$ fall in between these\ntwo limiting values.",
        "positive": "Interference between independent fluctuating condensates: We consider a problem of interference between two independent condensates,\nwhich lack true long range order. We show that their interference pattern\ncontains information about correlation functions within each condensate. As an\nexample we analyze the interference between a pair of one dimensional\ninteracting Bose liquids. We find universal scaling of the average fringe\ncontrast with system size and temperature that depends only on the Luttinger\nparameter. Moreover the full distribution of the fringe contrast, which is also\nequivalent to the full counting statistics of the interfering atoms, changes\nwith interaction strength and lends information on high order correlation\nfunctions. We also demonstrate that the interference between two-dimensional\ncondensates at finite temperature can be used as a direct probe of the\nKosterlitz-Thouless transition. Finally, we discuss generalization of our\nresults to describe the intereference of a periodic array of independent\nfluctuating condensates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The KPZ equation in a half space with flat initial condition and the\n  unbinding of a directed polymer from an attractive wall: We present an exact solution for the height distribution of the KPZ equation\nat any time $t$ in a half space with flat initial condition. This is equivalent\nto obtaining the free energy distribution of a polymer of length $t$ pinned at\na wall at a single point. In the large $t$ limit a binding transition takes\nplace upon increasing the attractiveness of the wall. Around the critical point\nwe find the same statistics as in the Baik-Ben--Arous-P\\'ech\\'e transition for\noutlier eigenvalues in random matrix theory. In the bound phase, we obtain the\nexact measure for the endpoint and the midpoint of the polymer at large time.\nWe also unveil curious identities in distribution between partition functions\nin half-space and certain partition functions in full space for Brownian type\ninitial condition.",
        "positive": "Dynamical equivalence classes for Markov jump processes: Two different Markov jump processes driven out of equilibrium by constant\nthermodynamic forces may have identical current fluctuations in the stationary\nstate. The concept of dynamical equivalence classes emerges from this statement\nas proposed by Andrieux for discrete-time Markov chains on simple graphs. We\ndefine dynamical equivalence classes in the context of continuous-time Markov\nchains on multigraphs using the symmetric part of the rate matrices that define\nthe dynamics. The freedom on the skew-symmetric part is at the core of the\nfreedom inside a dynamical equivalence class. It arises from different\nsplittings of the thermodynamic forces onto the system's transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Survival of classical and quantum particles in the presence of traps: We present a detailed comparison of the motion of a classical and of a\nquantum particle in the presence of trapping sites, within the framework of\ncontinuous-time classical and quantum random walk. The main emphasis is on the\nqualitative differences in the temporal behavior of the survival probabilities\nof both kinds of particles. As a general rule, static traps are far less\nefficient to absorb quantum particles than classical ones. Several lattice\ngeometries are successively considered: an infinite chain with a single trap, a\nfinite ring with a single trap, a finite ring with several traps, and an\ninfinite chain and a higher-dimensional lattice with a random distribution of\ntraps with a given density. For the latter disordered systems, the classical\nand the quantum survival probabilities obey a stretched exponential asymptotic\ndecay, albeit with different exponents. These results confirm earlier\npredictions, and the corresponding amplitudes are evaluated. In the\none-dimensional geometry of the infinite chain, we obtain a full analytical\nprediction for the amplitude of the quantum problem, including its dependence\non the trap density and strength.",
        "positive": "Weak integrability breaking perturbations of integrable models: A quantum integrable system slightly perturbed away from integrability is\ntypically expected to thermalize on timescales of order $\\tau\\sim\n\\lambda^{-2}$, where $\\lambda$ is the perturbation strength. We here study\nclasses of perturbations that violate this scaling, and exhibit much longer\nthermalization times $\\tau\\sim \\lambda^{-2\\ell}$ where $\\ell>1$ is an integer.\nSystems with these \"weak integrability breaking\" perturbations have an\nextensive number of quasi-conserved quantities that commute with the perturbed\nHamiltonian up to corrections of order $\\lambda^\\ell$. We demonstrate a\nsystematic construction to obtain families of such weak perturbations of a\ngeneric integrable model for arbitrary $\\ell$. We then apply the construction\nto various models, including the Heisenberg, XXZ, and XYZ chains, the Hubbard\nmodel, models of spinless free fermions, and the quantum Ising chain. Our\nanalytical framework explains the previously observed evidence of weak\nintegrability breaking in the Heisenberg and XXZ chains under certain\nperturbations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics and kinetics of boundary friction: A deterministic theory describing the behavior of an ultrathin lubricant film\nbetween two atomically-smooth solid surfaces is proposed. For the description\nof lubricant state the parameter of excess volume arising due to chaotization\nof solid medium structure in the course of melting is introduced. Thermodynamic\nand shear melting is described consistently. Dependences of friction force on\ntemperature of lubricant, shear velocity of rubbing surfaces, and pressure upon\nsurfaces are analyzed. Within the framework of a simple tribological model the\nstick-slip mode of friction, when the lubricant periodically melts and\nsolidifies, is described. The obtained results are qualitatively compared with\nthe experimental data.",
        "positive": "Non-monotonic Relaxation in Systems with Reentrant Type Interaction: Recently, interesting non-monotonic time evolution has been pointed out in\nthe experiments by J\\\"onsson, {\\it et al.} and Jonsson {\\it et.al.} and also in\nthe numerical simulation by Takayama and Hukushima where the magnetic\nsusceptibility does not monotonically relax to the equilibrium value, but moves\nto the opposite side. We study mechanism of this puzzling non-monotonic\ndynamical property in a frustrated Ising model in which the equilibrium\ncorrelation exhibits non-monotonic temperature dependence (reentrant type). We\nstudy the time evolution of spin correlation function after sudden change of\ntemperature. There, we find that the value of the correlation function shows\nnon-monotonic relaxation, and analyze mechanisms of the non-monotonicity. We\nalso point out that competition between different configurations widely causes\nnon-monotonic relaxation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Multiple Transitions in the Core-shell Ising\n  Nanoparticles Driven by Randomly Varying Magnetic Fields: The nonequilibrium behaviour of a core-shell nanoparticle has been studied by\nMonte- Carlo simulation. The core consists of Ising spins of $\\sigma=1/2$ and\nthe shell contains Ising spins of $S=1$. The interactions within the core and\nin the shell are considered ferromagnetic but the interfacial interaction\nbetween core and shell is antiferromagnetic. The nanoparticle system is kept in\nopen boundary conditions and is driven by randomly varying (in time but uniform\nover the space) magnetic field. Depending on the width of the randomly varying\nfield and the temperature of the system, the core, shell and total\nmagnetization varies in such a manner that the time averages vanish for higher\nmagnitude of the width of random field, exhibiting a dynamical symmetry\nbreaking transitions. The susceptibilities get peaked at two different\ntemperatures indicating nonequilibrium multiple transitions. The phase\nboundaries of the nonequilibrium multiple transitions are drawn in the plane\nformed by the axes of temperature and the width of the randomly varying field.\nFurthermore, the effects of the core and shell thicknesses on the multiple\ntransitions have been discussed.",
        "positive": "Asymmetric diffusion and the energy gap above the 111 ground state of\n  the quantum XXZ model: We consider the anisotropic three dimensional XXZ Heisenberg ferromagnet in a\ncylinder with axis along the 111 direction and boundary conditions that induce\nground states describing an interface orthogonal to the cylinder axis. Let $L$\nbe the linear size of the basis of the cylinder. Because of the breaking of the\ncontinuous symmetry around the $\\hat z$ axis, the Goldstone theorem implies\nthat the spectral gap above such ground states must tend to zero as $L\\to\n\\infty$. In \\cite{BCNS} it was proved that, by perturbing in a sub--cylinder\nwith basis of linear size $R\\ll L$ the interface ground state, it is possible\nto construct excited states whose energy gap shrinks as $R^{-2}$. Here we prove\nthat, uniformly in the height of the cylinder and in the location of the\ninterface, the energy gap above the interface ground state is bounded from\nbelow by $\\text{const.}L^{-2}$. We prove the result by first mapping the\nproblem into an asymmetric simple exclusion process on $\\Z^3$ and then by\nadapting to the latter the recursive analysis to estimate from below the\nspectral gap of the associated Markov generator developed in \\cite{CancMart}.\nAlong the way we improve some bounds on the equivalence of ensembles already\ndiscussed in \\cite{BCNS} and we establish an upper bound on the density of\nstates close to the bottom of the spectrum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Form invariance of the moment sum-rules for jellium with the addition of\n  short-range terms in the pair-potential: We find the first three (even) structure factor moments for a (non-quantum)\none-component Jellium made of particles living in three dimensions and\ninteracting with a Coulomb pair-potential plus a short-range term with either a\nfinite range or decaying exponentially fast at large distances. Starting from\nthe hierarchical Born-Green-Yvon equations we show that they are all form\ninvariant respect to the addition of the short-range term. We discuss the\nrelevance of the present study to interpret the failure of the moment sum-rules\nof ionic-liquids at criticality.",
        "positive": "Maximal Density, Kinetics of Deposition and Percolation Threshold of\n  Loose Packed Lattices: In many areas of research it is interesting how lattices can be filled with\nparticles that have no nearest neighbors, or they are in limited quantities.\nExamples may be found in statistical physics, chemistry, materials science,\ndiscrete mathematics, etc. Using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation we study the\nkinetics of filling of square lattice (2D). Two complementary rules are used to\nfill the lattice. We study their influence on the kinetics of the process as\nwell as on the properties of the obtained systems. According to the first rule\nthe occupied sites may not share edges (nearest neighbors occupations are not\npermitted). Under this condition, the maximum possible concentration is 0.5,\nforming a checkerboard type structure. However, we found that if the deposition\nis done by random selection of sites the concentration of 0.5 is inaccessible\nand the maximum concentration is Cmax(2D)=0.3638 (0.0003) for 2D lattice. If\nthe lattice is 3D we find that the maximal concentration is even lower\nCmax(3D)=0.326 (0.001). The second rule establishes permission to break the\nfirst one with certain probability 0<=p<=1, thus the occupied sites can start\nto share edges when p>0. In this case higher then 0.3638 concentrations are\naccessible, even up to C=1. Therefore the percolation threshold Pc can be\nreached. Its value depends on the value of the probability p. Our model\ndescribes the kinetics of formation of thin films of particles attracted by the\nsubstrate but repulsing each other."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chiral Crystal Growth under Grinding: To study the establishment of homochirality observed in the crystal growth\nexperiment of chiral molecules from a solution under grinding, we extend the\nlattice gas model of crystal growth as follows. A lattice site can be occupied\nby a chiral molecule in R or S form, or can be empty. Molecules form\nhomoclusters by nearest neighbor bonds. They change their chirality if they are\nisolated monomers in the solution. Grinding is incorporated by cutting and\nshafling the system randomly. It is shown that Ostwald ripening without\ngrinding is extremely slow to select chirality, if possible. Grinding alone\nalso cannot achieve chirality selection. For the accomplishment of\nhomochirality, we need an enhanced chirality change on crystalline surface.\nWith this \"autocatalytic effect\" and the recycling of monomers due to rinding,\nan exponential increase of crystal enantiomeric excess to homochiral state is\nrealized.",
        "positive": "Power law tails and non Markovian dynamics in open quantum systems: An\n  exact solution from Keldysh field theory: The Born-Markov approximation is widely used to study dynamics of open\nquantum systems coupled to external baths. Using Keldysh formalism, we show\nthat the dynamics of a system of bosons (fermions) linearly coupled to\nnon-interacting bosonic (fermionic) bath falls outside this paradigm if the\nbath spectral function has non-analyticities as a function of frequency. In\nthis case, we show that the dissipative and noise kernels governing the\ndynamics have distinct power law tails. The Green's functions show a short time\n\"quasi\" Markovian exponential decay before crossing over to a power law tail\ngoverned by the non-analyticity of the spectral function. We study a system of\nbosons (fermions) hopping on a one dimensional lattice, where each site is\ncoupled linearly to an independent bath of non-interacting bosons (fermions).\nWe obtain exact expressions for the Green's functions of this system which show\npower law decay $\\sim |t-t'|^{-3/2}$. We use these to calculate density and\ncurrent profile, as well as unequal time current-current correlators. While the\ndensity and current profiles show interesting quantitative deviations from\nMarkovian results, the current-current correlators show qualitatively distinct\nlong time power law tails $|t-t'|^{-3}$ characteristic of non-Markovian\ndynamics. We show that the power law decays survive in presence of\ninter-particle interaction in the system, but the cross-over time scale is\nshifted to larger values with increasing interaction strength."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium identities of granular vibrating beds: We derive the integral fluctuation theorem around a nonequilibrium stationary\nstate for frictionless and soft core granular particles under an external\nvibration achieved by a balance between an external vibration and inelastic\ncollisions. We also discuss the connection between the integral fluctuation\ntheorem and the generalized Green-Kubo formula.",
        "positive": "Sampling and statistical physics via symmetry: We formulate both Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling algorithms and\nbasic statistical physics in terms of elementary symmetries. This perspective\non sampling yields derivations of well-known MCMC algorithms and a new parallel\nalgorithm that appears to converge more quickly than current state of the art\nmethods. The symmetry perspective also yields a parsimonious framework for\nstatistical physics and a practical approach to constructing meaningful notions\nof effective temperature and energy directly from time series data. We apply\nthese latter ideas to Anosov systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Wang-Landau Method for Off-Lattice Simulations in the \"Uniform\"\n  Ensemble: We present a rigorous derivation for off-lattice implementations of the\nso-called \"random-walk\" algorithm recently introduced by Wang and Landau [PRL\n86, 2050 (2001)]. Originally developed for discrete systems, the algorithm\nsamples configurations according to their inverse density of states using\nMonte-Carlo moves; the estimate for the density of states is refined at each\nsimulation step and is ultimately used to calculate thermodynamic properties.\nWe present an implementation for atomic systems based on a rigorous separation\nof kinetic and configurational contributions to the density of states. By\nconstructing a \"uniform\" ensemble for configurational degrees of freedom--in\nwhich all potential energies, volumes, and numbers of particles are equally\nprobable--we establish a framework for the correct implementation of simulation\nacceptance criteria and calculation of thermodynamic averages in the continuum\ncase. To demonstrate the generality of our approach, we perform sample\ncalculations for the Lennard-Jones fluid using two implementation variants and\nin both cases find good agreement with established literature values for the\nvapor-liquid coexistence locus.",
        "positive": "Dynamics and superfluidity of an ultracold Fermi gas: The purpose of this paper is to review some of the dynamic and superfluid\nfeatures exhibited by ultracold Fermi gases with special emphasis on the\neffects of the external confinement which will be assumed in most cases of\nharmonic shape."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite average lengths in critical loop models: A relation between the average length of loops and their free energy is\nobtained for a variety of O(n)-type models on two-dimensional lattices, by\nextending to finite temperatures a calculation due to Kast. We show that the\n(number) averaged loop length L stays finite for all non-zero fugacities n, and\nin particular it does not diverge upon entering the critical regime n -> 2+.\nFully packed loop (FPL) models with n=2 seem to obey the simple relation L = 3\nL_min, where L_min is the smallest loop length allowed by the underlying\nlattice. We demonstrate this analytically for the FPL model on the honeycomb\nlattice and for the 4-state Potts model on the square lattice, and based on\nnumerical estimates obtained from a transfer matrix method we conjecture that\nthis is also true for the two-flavour FPL model on the square lattice. We\npresent in addition numerical results for the average loop length on the three\ncritical branches (compact, dense and dilute) of the O(n) model on the\nhoneycomb lattice, and discuss the limit n -> 0. Contact is made with the\npredictions for the distribution of loop lengths obtained by conformal\ninvariance methods.",
        "positive": "A differentiable programming framework for spin models: Spin systems are a powerful tool for modeling a wide range of physical\nsystems. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for modeling spin systems\nusing differentiable programming. Our approach enables us to efficiently\nsimulate spin systems, making it possible to model complex systems at scale.\nSpecifically, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique by applying it\nto three different spin systems: the Ising model, the Potts model, and the\nCellular Potts model. Our simulations show that our framework offers\nsignificant speedup compared to traditional simulation methods, thanks to its\nability to execute code efficiently across different hardware architectures,\nincluding Graphical Processing Units and Tensor Processing Units."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Type-problem on the Average for random walks on graphs: When averages over all starting points are considered, the Type Problem for\nthe recurrence or transience of a simple random walk on an inhomogeneous\nnetwork in general differs from the usual \"local\" Type Problem. This difference\nleads to a new classification of inhomogeneous discrete structures in terms of\n{\\it recurrence} and {\\it transience} {\\it on the average}, describing their\nlarge scale topology from a \"statistical\" point of view. In this paper we\nanalyze this classification and the properties connected to it, showing how the\naverage behavior affects the thermodynamic properties of statistical models on\ngraphs.",
        "positive": "Facet ridge end points in crystal shapes: Equilibrium crystal shapes (ECS) near facet ridge end points (FRE) are\ngenerically complex. We study the body-centered solid-on-solid model on a\nsquare lattice with an enhanced uniaxial interaction range to test the\nstability of the so-called stochastic FRE point where the model maps exactly\nonto one dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang type growth and the local ECS is\nsimple. The latter is unstable. The generic ECS contains first-order ridges\nextending into the rounded part of the ECS, where two rough orientations\ncoexist and first-order faceted to rough boundaries terminating in\nPokrovsky-Talapov type end points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transition In $SU(N)\\times U(1)$ Gauge Theory With Many\n  Fundamental Bosons: Here we study the Renormalization group flow of $SU(N)\\times U(1)$ gauge\ntheory with $M$-fundamental bosons in $4-\\epsilon$ dimension by calculating the\nbeta functions. We found a new stable fixed point in the zero mass plane for\n$M>M_\\text{crit}$ by expanding upto $O(\\epsilon)$. This indicates a second\norder phase transition. We also calculated the critical exponents in both\n$\\epsilon$ expansion and also in the large-$M$ expansion.",
        "positive": "Exploring the Rheology of Soft Glassy Matter: This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to some problems. Please\ncontact me."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extracting work optimally with imprecise measurements: Measurement and feedback allows an external agent to extract work from a\nsystem in contact with a single thermal bath. The maximum amount of work that\ncan be extracted in a single measurement and the corresponding feedback loop is\ngiven by the information acquired via the measurement, a result that manifests\nthe close relation between information theory and stochastic thermodynamics. In\nthis paper we show how to reversibly confine a Brownian particle in an optical\ntweezer potential and then extract the corresponding increase of the free\nenergy as work. By repeatedly tracking the position of the particle and\nmodifying the potential accordingly, we can extract work optimally even with a\nhigh degree of inaccuracy in the measurements.",
        "positive": "Dynamical transitions in aperiodically kicked tight-binding models: If a localized quantum state in a tight-binding model with structural\naperiodicity is subject to noisy evolution, then it is generally expected to\nresult in diffusion and delocalization. In this work, it is shown that the\nlocalized phase of the kicked Aubry-Andr\\'e-Harper (AAH) model is robust to the\neffects of noisy evolution, for long times, provided that some kick is\ndelivered once every time period. However, if strong noisy perturbations are\napplied by randomly missing kicks, a sharp dynamical transition from a\nballistic growth phase at initial times to a diffusive growth phase for longer\ntimes is observed. Such sharp transitions are seen even in translationally\ninvariant models. These transitions are related to the existence of flat bands,\nand using a 2-band model we obtain analytical support for these observations.\nThe diffusive evolution at long times has a mechanism similar to that of a\nrandom walk. The time scale at which the sharp transition takes place is\nrelated to the characteristics of noise. Remarkably, the wavepacket evolution\nscales with the noise parameters. Further, using kick sequence modulated by a\n'coin toss', it is argued that the correlations in the noise are crucial to the\nobserved sharp transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long range spatial correlation between two Brownian particles under\n  external driving: We study the large distance behavior of a steady distribution of two Brownian\nparticles under external driving in a two-dimensional space. Employing a method\nof perturbative system reduction, we analyze a Fokker-Planck equation that\ndescribes the time evolution of the probability density for the two particles.\nThe expression we obtain shows that there exist a long range correlation\nbetween the two particles, of $1/r^2$ type.",
        "positive": "Contact processes on fragmented domains: Motivated by recent findings of enhanced species survival when fragmented\nhabitats are reconnected through narrow strips of land [S. Pimm, and C. N.\nJenkins, Am. Sci. {\\bf 107}(3), 162 (2019).], we study the effect of a corridor\nconnecting two square regions on the survival time of three models exhibiting\nextinction/survival phase transitions: the basic contact process (CP), the\ndiffusive contact process, and the two-species symbiotic contact process\n(2SCP). We find that connecting the regions generally increases the survival\ntime for $\\lambda\\ge \\lambda_c$, where $\\lambda$ is the reproduction rate and\n$\\lambda_c$ its critical value. The enhancement of the survival time increases\nwith $\\lambda$, and is largest in the 2SCP."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Soft bounds on diffusion produce skewed distributions and Gompertz\n  growth: Constraints can affect dramatically the behavior of diffusion processes.\nRecently, we analyzed a natural and a technological system and reported that\nthey perform diffusion-like discrete steps displaying a peculiar constraint,\nwhereby the increments of the diffusing variable are subject to\nconfiguration-dependent bounds. This work explores theoretically some of the\nrevealing landmarks of such phenomenology, termed \"soft bound\". At long times,\nthe system reaches a steady state irreversibly (i.e., violating detailed\nbalance), characterized by a skewed \"shoulder\" in the density distribution, and\nby a net local probability flux, which has entropic origin. The largest point\nin the support of the distribution follows a saturating dynamics, expressed by\nthe Gompertz law, in line with empirical observations. Finally, we propose a\ngeneric allometric scaling for the origin of soft bounds. These findings shed\nlight on the impact on a system of such \"scaling\" constraint and on its\npossible generating mechanisms.",
        "positive": "On the theory of superfluidity: We investigate the properties of dispersion spectra of one-dimensional\nperiodic Bose systems with repulsive interparticle interactions. These systems\nwith sufficient large interactions can support metastable supercurrent states,\nwhich correspond to the local minima of the dispersion spectra at non-zero\nmomenta. The existence of local minima in the spectra and the energy barriers,\nwhich separate the minima, can be explained in terms of Bose exchange symmetry.\nWe extend our study to the case of higher dimensional Bose systems. We suggest\nthat superfluidity could be understood as a Bose exchange effect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Switching current noise and relaxation of ferroelectric domains: We simulate field-induced nucleation and switching of domains in a\nthree-dimensional model of ferroelectrics with quenched disorder and varying\ndomain sizes. We study (1) bursts of the switching current at slow driving\nalong the hysteresis loop (electrical Barkhausen noise) and (2) the\npolarization reversal when a strong electric field was applied and\nback-switching after the field was removed. We show how these processes are\nrelated to the underlying structure of domain walls, which in turn is\ncontrolled by the pinning at quenched local electric fields.\n  When the depolarization fields of bound charges are properly screened we find\nthat the fractal switching current noise may appear with two distinct universal\nbehaviors. The critical depinning of plane domain walls determines the\nuniversality class in the case of weak random fields, whereas for large\nrandomness the massive nucleation of domains in the bulk leads to different\nscaling properties.\n  In both cases the scaling exponents decay logarithmically when the driving\nfrequency is increased. The polarization reverses in the applied field as a\npower-law, while its relaxation in zero field is a stretch exponential function\nof time. The stretching exponent depends on the strength of pinning. The\nresults may be applicable for uniaxial relaxor ferroelectrics, such as doped\nSBN:Ce.",
        "positive": "On the oddness of percolation: Recently Mertens and Moore [arXiv:1909.01484v1] showed that site percolation\n\"is odd.\" By this they mean that on an $M\\times N$ square lattice the number of\ndistinct site configurations that allow for vertical percolation is odd. We\nreport here an alternative proof, based on recursive use of geometric symmetry,\nfor both free and periodic boundary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the double criticality of fluids adsorbed in disordered porous media: The phase transition of a fluid adsorbed in a heterogeneous system is studied\nwith two simple lattice gas models within the framework of a mean-field theory.\nDespite the different origin of the heterogeneity (spatial variation of binding\nenergy or fluid coordination numbers), the fluid can undergo two phase\ntransitions if the hosting system is sufficiently heterogeneous. It is clearly\nshown that such a polymorphism in the confined fluid results from the\nsuccessive condensations in distinct spatial regions of the host. We have found\nthe precise conditions at which one two phase transitions occur. The insight\ngained from the present study allows one to understand better some recent\npuzzling simulation results.",
        "positive": "Probability distribution of residence-times of grains in sandpile models: We show that the probability distribution of the residence-times of sand\ngrains in sandpile models, in the scaling limit, can be expressed in terms of\nthe survival probability of a single diffusing particle in a medium with\nabsorbing boundaries and space-dependent jump rates. The scaling function for\nthe probability distribution of residence times is non-universal, and depends\non the probability distribution according to which grains are added at\ndifferent sites. We determine this function exactly for the 1-dimensional\nsandpile when grains are added randomly only at the ends. For sandpiles with\ngrains are added everywhere with equal probability, in any dimension and of\narbitrary shape, we prove that, in the scaling limit, the probability that the\nresidence time greater than t is exp(-t/M), where M is the average mass of the\npile in the steady state. We also study finite-size corrections to this\nfunction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mixed phase and Tetracritical Behaviour of Dilute 3D Heisenberg Magnet: The recent breakthrough discovery of twisted bilayer $CrI_3$ system, where\nboth ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic order coexist and act as a main\nmotivation for simulating simple magnetic systems where this type of\nmixed-phase arises. Here we have simulated the dilute magnetic alloy with\ngeneric type $A_pB_{1-p}$. Here A and B are ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic\ntype magnetic atoms. Here we have studied the mixed phase and tetra-critical\nbehavior of that dilute magnet. We have simulated the critical behavior of that\nkind of mixed-phase at different doping strengths. Here we have observed a\nmixed phase rather than a spin-glass(SG) phase in this site random(SR) disorder\nmodel. Here we have used classical Monte-Carlo simulation with Heisenberg spin\nand used a 3D simple cubic lattice for this simulation.",
        "positive": "Consensus time in a voter model with concealed and publicly expressed\n  opinions: The voter model is a simple agent-based model to mimic opinion dynamics in\nsocial networks: a randomly chosen agent adopts the opinion of a randomly\nchosen neighbour. This process is repeated until a consensus emerges. Although\nthe basic voter model is theoretically intriguing, it misses an important\nfeature of real opinion dynamics: it does not distinguish between an agent's\npublicly expressed opinion and her inner conviction. A person may not feel\ncomfortable declaring her conviction if her social circle appears to hold an\nopposing view. Here we introduce the Concealed Voter Model where we add a\nsecond, concealed layer of opinions to the public layer. If an agent's public\nand concealed opinions disagree, she can reconcile them by either publicly\ndisclosing her previously secret point of view or by accepting her public\nopinion as inner conviction. We study a complete graph of agents who can choose\nfrom two opinions. We define a martingale $M$ that determines the probability\nof all agents eventually agreeing on a particular opinion. By analyzing the\nevolution of $M$ in the limit of a large number of agents, we derive the\nleading-order terms for the mean and standard deviation of the consensus time\n(i.e. the time needed until all opinions are identical). We thereby give a\nprecise prediction by how much concealed opinions slow down a consensus."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On Random Allocation Models in the Thermodynamic Limit: We discuss the phase transition and critical exponents in the random\nallocation model (urn model) for different statistical ensembles. We provide a\nunified presentation of the statistical properties of the model in the\nthermodynamic limit, uncover new relationships between the thermodynamic\npotentials and fill some lacunae in previous results on the singularities of\nthese potentials at the critical point and behaviour in the thermodynamic\nlimit.\n  The presentation is intended to be self-contained, so we carefully derive all\nformulae step by step throughout. Additionally, we comment on a\nquasi-probabilistic normalisation of configuration weights which has been\nconsidered in some recent studies",
        "positive": "Single-file dynamics with different diffusion constants: We investigate the single-file dynamics of a tagged particle in a system\nconsisting of N hardcore interacting particles (the particles cannot pass each\nother) which are diffusing in a one-dimensional system where the particles have\ndifferent diffusion constants. For the two particle case an exact result for\nthe conditional probability density function (PDF) is obtained for arbitrary\ninitial particle positions and all times. The two-particle PDF is used to\nobtain the tagged particle PDF. For the general N-particle case (N large) we\nperform stochastic simulations using our new computationally efficient\nstochastic simulation technique based on the Gillespie algorithm. We find that\nthe mean square displacement for a tagged particle scales as the square root of\ntime (as for identical particles) for long times, with a prefactor which\ndepends on the diffusion constants for the particles; these results are in\nexcellent agreement with very recent analytic predictions in the mathematics\nliterature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement Entropy at Generalized Rokhsar-Kivelson Points of Quantum\n  Dimer Models: We study the $n=2$ R\\' enyi entanglement entropy of the triangular quantum\ndimer model via Monte Carlo sampling of Rokhsar-Kivelson(RK)-like ground state\nwavefunctions. Using the construction proposed by Kitaev and Preskill [Phys.\nRev. Lett. 96, 110404 (2006)] and an adaptation of the Monte Carlo algorithm\ndescribed by Hastings \\emph{et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 157201 (2010)], we\ncompute the topological entanglement entropy (TEE) at the RK point $\\gamma =\n(1.001 \\pm 0.003) \\ln 2$ confirming earlier results. Additionally, we compute\nthe TEE of the ground state of a generalized RK-like Hamiltonian and\ndemonstrate the universality of TEE over a wide range of parameter values\nwithin a topologically ordered phase approaching a quantum phase transition.\nFor systems sizes that are accessible numerically, we find that the\nquantization of TEE depends sensitively on correlations. We characterize corner\ncontributions to the entanglement entropy and show that these are well\ndescribed by shifts proportional to the number and types of corners in the\nbipartition.",
        "positive": "Inferring the parameters of a Markov process from snapshots of the\n  steady state: We seek to infer the parameters of an ergodic Markov process from samples\ntaken independently from the steady state. Our focus is on non-equilibrium\nprocesses, where the steady state is not described by the Boltzmann measure,\nbut is generally unknown and hard to compute, which prevents the application of\nestablished equilibrium inference methods. We propose a quantity we call\npropagator likelihood, which takes on the role of the likelihood in equilibrium\nprocesses. This propagator likelihood is based on fictitious transitions\nbetween those configurations of the system which occur in the samples. The\npropagator likelihood can be derived by minimising the relative entropy between\nthe empirical distribution and a distribution generated by propagating the\nempirical distribution forward in time. Maximising the propagator likelihood\nleads to an efficient reconstruction of the parameters of the underlying model\nin different systems, both with discrete configurations and with continuous\nconfigurations. We apply the method to non-equilibrium models from statistical\nphysics and theoretical biology, including the asymmetric simple exclusion\nprocess (ASEP), the kinetic Ising model, and replicator dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jarzynski Relation, Fluctuation Theorems, and Stochastic Thermodynamics\n  for Non-Markovian Processes: We prove the Jarzynski relation for general stochastic processes including\nnon-Markovian systems with memory. The only requirement for our proof is the\nexistence of a stationary state, therefore excluding non-ergodic systems. We\nthen show how the concepts of stochastic thermodynamics can be used to prove\nfurther exact non-equilibrium relations like the Crooks relation and the\nfluctuation theorem on entropy production for non-Markovian dynamics.",
        "positive": "Pricing Derivatives by Path Integral and Neural Networks: Recent progress in the development of efficient computational algorithms to\nprice financial derivatives is summarized. A first algorithm is based on a path\nintegral approach to option pricing, while a second algorithm makes use of a\nneural network parameterization of option prices. The accuracy of the two\nmethods is established from comparisons with the results of the standard\nprocedures used in quantitative finance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement Entropy of Non-Hermitian Eigenstates and the Ginibre\n  Ensemble: Entanglement entropy is a powerful tool in characterizing universal features\nin quantum many-body systems. In quantum chaotic Hermitian systems, typical\neigenstates have near maximal entanglement with very small fluctuations. Here,\nwe show that for Hamiltonians displaying non-Hermitian many-body quantum chaos,\nmodeled by the Ginibre ensemble, the entanglement entropy of typical\neigenstates is greatly suppressed. The entropy does not grow with the Hilbert\nspace dimension for sufficiently large systems and the fluctuations are of\nequal order. We derive the novel entanglement spectrum that has infinite\nsupport in the complex plane and strong energy dependence. We provide evidence\nof universality and similar behavior is found in the non-Hermitian\nSachdev-Ye-Kitaev (nSYK) model, indicating the general applicability of the\nGinibre ensemble to dissipative many-body quantum chaos.",
        "positive": "Machine learning of percolation models using graph convolutional neural\n  networks: Percolation is an important topic in climate, physics, materials science,\nepidemiology, finance, and so on. Prediction of percolation thresholds with\nmachine learning methods remains challenging. In this paper, we build a\npowerful graph convolutional neural network to study the percolation in both\nsupervised and unsupervised ways. From a supervised learning perspective, the\ngraph convolutional neural network simultaneously and correctly trains data of\ndifferent lattice types, such as the square and triangular lattices. For the\nunsupervised perspective, combining the graph convolutional neural network and\nthe confusion method, the percolation threshold can be obtained by the \"W\"\nshaped performance. The finding of this work opens up the possibility of\nbuilding a more general framework that can probe the percolation-related\nphenomenon."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuating interfaces subject to stochastic resetting: We study one-dimensional fluctuating interfaces of length $L$ where the\ninterface stochastically resets to a fixed initial profile at a constant rate\n$r$. For finite $r$ in the limit $L \\to \\infty$, the system settles into a\nnonequilibrium stationary state with non-Gaussian interface fluctuations, which\nwe characterize analytically for the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang and Edwards-Wilkinson\nuniversality class. Our results are corroborated by numerical simulations. We\nalso discuss the generality of our results for a fluctuating interface in a\ngeneric universality class.",
        "positive": "Dissipative Landau-Zener Tunneling at Marginal Coupling: The Landau-Zener transition in a two level system can be suppressed or\nenhanced by coupling to an environment, depending on the temperature and the\nenvironment spectral function. We consider the marginal spectral function, when\nthe dissipation effects are important for arbitrarily slow motion. Landau-Zener\ntransition rate demonstrates a non-trivial dependence of the on the ``bias'',\ni. e. on the rate of the two energy levels relative motion. The Landau-Zener\ntransition is fully suppressed for the values of the bias below a threshold\nbias set by the coupling strength. Above the threshold, the transition rate for\nzero temperature is found using the instanton method. At finite temperature,\nthe Landau-Zener transition rate has a non-monotonic dependence on the coupling\nstrength, being suppressed at the strong coupling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A model solution of the generalized Langevin equation: Emergence and\n  Breaking of Time-Scale Invariance in Single-Particle Dynamics of Liquids: It is shown that the solution of generalized Langevin equation can be\nobtained on the basis of simple comparison of the time scale for the velocity\nautocorrelation function of a particle (atom, molecule) and of the time scale\nfor the corresponding memory function. The result expression for the velocity\nautocorrelation function contains dependence on the non-Markovity parameter,\nwhich allows one to take into account memory effects of the investigated\nphenomena. It is demonstrated for the cases of liquid tin and liquid lithium\nthat the obtained expression for the velocity autocorrelation function is in a\ngood agreement with the molecular dynamics simulation results.",
        "positive": "Dynamic Scaling in a 2+1 Dimensional Limited Mobility Model of Epitaxial\n  Growth: We study statistical scale invariance and dynamic scaling in a simple\nsolid-on-solid 2+1 - dimensional limited mobility discrete model of\nnonequilibrium surface growth, which we believe should describe the low\ntemperature kinetic roughening properties of molecular beam epitaxy. The model\nexhibits long-lived ``transient'' anomalous and multiaffine dynamic scaling\nproperties similar to that found in the corresponding 1+1 - dimensional\nproblem. Using large-scale simulations we obtain the relevant scaling\nexponents, and compare with continuum theories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Gaussian Velocity Distribution Function in a Vibrating Granular Bed: The simulation of granular particles in a quasi two-dimensional container\nunder the vertical vibration as an experimental accessible model for granular\ngases is performed. The velocity distribution function obeys an\nexponential-like function during the vibration and deviates from the\nexponential function in free-cooling states. It is confirmed that this\nexponential-like distribution function is produced by Coulomb's friction force.\nA Langevin equation with Coulomb's friction is proposed to describe the motion\nof such the system.",
        "positive": "First Hitting Time of a One-Dimensional Levy Flight to Small Targets: First hitting times (FHTs) describe the time it takes a random \"searcher\" to\nfind a \"target\" and are used to study timescales in many applications. FHTs\nhave been well-studied for diffusive search, especially for small targets,\nwhich is called the narrow capture or narrow escape problem. In this paper, we\nstudy the first hitting time to small targets for a one-dimensional\nsuperdiffusive search described by a Levy flight. By applying the method of\nmatched asymptotic expansions to a fractional differential equation we obtain\nan explicit asymptotic expansion for the mean FHT (MFHT). For fractional order\n$s\\in(0,1)$ (describing a $(2s)$-stable Levy flight whose squared displacement\nscales as $t^{1/s}$ in time $t$) and targets of radius $\\varepsilon\\ll1$, we\nshow that the MFHT is order one for $s\\in(1/2,1)$ and diverges as\n$\\log(1/\\varepsilon)$ for $s=1/2$ and $\\varepsilon^{2s-1}$ for $s\\in(0,1/2)$.\nWe then use our asymptotic results to identify the value of $s\\in(0,1]$ which\nminimizes the average MFHT and find that (a) this optimal value of $s$ vanishes\nfor sparse targets and (b) the value $s=1/2$ (corresponding to an inverse\nsquare Levy search) is optimal in only very specific circumstances. We confirm\nour results by comparison to both deterministic numerical solutions of the\nassociated fractional differential equation and stochastic simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An algorithm for simulating Brownian increments on a sphere: This paper presents a novel formula for the transition density of the\nBrownian motion on a sphere of any dimension and discusses an algorithm for the\nsimulation of the increments of the spherical Brownian motion based on this\nformula. The formula for the density is derived from an observation that a\nsuitably transformed radial process (with respect to the geodesic distance) can\nbe identified as a Wright-Fisher diffusion process. Such processes satisfy a\nduality (a kind of symmetry) with a certain coalescent processes and this in\nturn yields a spectral representation of the transition density, which can be\nused for exact simulation of their increments using the results of Jenkins and\nSpan\\`o (2017). The symmetry then yields the algorithm for the simulation of\nthe increments of the Brownian motion on a sphere. We analyse the algorithm\nnumerically and show that it remains stable when the time-step parameter is not\ntoo small.",
        "positive": "Criticality of the low-frequency conductivity for the bilayer quantum\n  Heisenberg model: The criticality of the low-frequency conductivity for the bilayer quantum\nHeisenberg model was investigated numerically. The dynamical conductivity\n(associated with the O$(3)$ symmetry) displays the inductor $\\sigma (\\omega)\n=(i\\omega L)^{-1}$ and capacitor $i \\omega C$ behaviors for the ordered and\ndisordered phases, respectively. Both constants, $C$ and $L$, have the same\nscaling dimension as that of the reciprocal paramagnetic gap $\\Delta^{-1}$.\nThen, there arose a question to fix the set of critical amplitude ratios among\nthem. So far, the O$(2)$ case has been investigated in the context of the\nboson-vortex duality. In this paper, we employ the exact diagonalization\nmethod, which enables us to calculate the paramagnetic gap $\\Delta$ directly.\nThereby, the set of critical amplitude ratios as to $C$, $L$ and $\\Delta$ are\nestimated with the finite-size-scaling analysis for the cluster with $N \\le 34$\nspins."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact symmetries in the velocity fluctuations of a hot Brownian swimmer: Symmetries constrain dynamics. We test this fundamental physical principle,\nexperimentally and by molecular dynamics simulations, for a hot Janus swimmer\noperating far from thermal equilibrium. Our results establish scalar and\nvectorial steady-state fluctuation theorems and a thermodynamic uncertainty\nrelation that link the fluctuating particle current to its entropy production\nat an effective temperature. A Markovian minimal model elucidates the\nunderlying non-equilbrium physics.",
        "positive": "Random networks with q-exponential degree distribution: We use the configuration model to generate networks having a degree\ndistribution that follows a $q$-exponential,\n$P_q(k)=(2-q)\\lambda[1-(1-q)\\lambda k]^{1/(q-1)}$, for arbitrary values of the\nparameters $q$ and $\\lambda$. We study the assortativity and the shortest path\nof these networks finding that the more the distribution resembles a pure power\nlaw, the less well connected are the corresponding nodes. In fact, the average\ndegree of a nearest neighbor grows monotonically with $\\lambda^{-1}$. Moreover,\nour results show that $q$-exponential networks are more robust against random\nfailures and against malicious attacks than standard scale-free networks.\nIndeed, the critical fraction of removed nodes grows logarithmically with\n$\\lambda^{-1}$ for malicious attacks. An analysis of the $k_s$-core\ndecomposition shows that $q$-exponential networks have a highest $k_s$-core,\nthat is bigger and has a larger $k_s$ than pure scale-free networks. Being at\nthe same time well connected and robust, networks with $q$-exponential degree\ndistribution exhibit scale-free and small-world properties, making them a\nparticularly suitable model for application in several systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Influence of trap location on the efficiency of trapping in dendrimers\n  and regular hyperbranched polymers: In this paper, we study the trapping problem in two representative polymer\nnetworks, Cayley trees and Vicsek fractals, which separately model dendrimers\nand regular hyperbranched polymers. Our goal is to explore the impact of trap\nlocation on the efficiency of trapping in these two important polymer systems,\nwith the efficiency being measured by the average trapping time (ATT) that is\nthe average of source-to-trap mean first-passage time over every staring point\nin the whole networks. For Cayley trees, we derive an exact analytic formula\nfor the ATT to an arbitrary trap node, based on which we further obtain the\nexplicit expression of ATT for the case that the trap is uniformly distributed.\nFor Vicsek fractals, we provide the closed-form solution for ATT to a\nperipheral node farthest from the central node, as well as the numerical\nsolutions for the case when the trap is placed on other nodes. Moreover, we\nderive the exact formula for the ATT corresponding to the trapping problem when\nthe trap has an uniform distribution over all nodes. Our results show that the\ninfluence of trap location on the trapping efficiency is completely different\nfor the two polymer networks. In Cayley trees, the leading scaling of ATT\nincreases with the shortest distance between the trap and the central node,\nimplying that trap's position has an essential impact on the trapping\nefficiency; while in Vicsek fractals, the effect of location of the trap is\nnegligible, since the dominant behavior of ATT is identical, respective of the\nlocation where the trap is placed. We also present that for all cases of\ntrapping problems being studied, the trapping process is more efficient in\nCayley trees than in Vicsek fractals. We demonstrate that all differences\nrelated to trapping in the two polymer systems are rooted in their underlying\ntopological structures.",
        "positive": "A useful fundamental speed limit for the imaginary-time Schrodinger\n  equation: The quantum speed limit (QSL), or the energy-time uncertainty relation, gives\na fundamental speed limit for quantum dynamics. Recently, Kieu\n[arXiv:1702.00603] derived a new class of QSL which is not only formal but also\nsuitable for actually evaluating the speed limit. Inspired by his work, we\nobtain a similar speed limit for the imaginary-time Schr\\\"odinger equation.\nUsing this new bound, we show that the optimal computational time of the Grover\nproblem in imaginary-time quantum annealing is bounded from below by $\\log N$,\nwhich is consistent with a result of previous study."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surfaces of Constant Temperature in Time: The inverse relationship between energy and time is as familiar as Planck's\nconstant. From the point of view of a system with many states, perhaps a better\nrepresentation of the system is a vector of characteristic times (one per\nstate) for example, a canonically distributed system. In the vector case the\ninverse relationship persists, this time as a relation between the $L_2$ norms.\nThat relationship is derived herein. An unexpected benefit of the vectorized\ntime viewpoint is the determination of surfaces of constant temperature in\nterms of the time coordinates. The results apply to all empirically accessible\nsystems, that is situations where details of the dynamics are recorded at the\nmicroscopic level of detail. This includes all manner of simulation data of\nstatistical mechanical systems as well as experimental data from actual systems\n(e.g. the internet, financial market data) where statistical physical methods\nhave been applied.",
        "positive": "Crossover from ballistic to diffusive thermal transport in quantum\n  Langevin dynamics study of a harmonic chain connected to self-consistent\n  reservoirs: Through an exact analysis using quantum Langevin dynamics, we demonstrate the\ncrossover from ballistic to diffusive thermal transport in a harmonic chain\nwith each site connected to Ohmic heat reservoirs. The temperatures of the two\nheat baths at the boundaries are specified from before whereas the temperatures\nof the interior heat reservoirs are determined self-consistently by demanding\nthat in the steady state, on average, there is no heat current between any such\n(self-consistent) reservoir and the harmonic chain. Essence of our study is\nthat the effective mean free path separating the ballistic regime of transport\nfrom the diffusive one emerges naturally."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Can the jamming transition be described using equilibrium statistical\n  mechanics?: When materials such as foams or emulsions are compressed, they display solid\nbehaviour above the so-called `jamming' transition. Because compression is done\nout-of-equilibrium in the absence of thermal fluctuations, jamming appears as a\nnew kind of a nonequilibrium phase transition. In this proceeding paper, we\nsuggest that tools from equilibrium statistical mechanics can in fact be used\nto describe many specific features of the jamming transition. Our strategy is\nto introduce thermal fluctuations and use statistical mechanics to describe the\ncomplex phase behaviour of systems of soft repulsive particles, before sending\ntemperature to zero at the end of the calculation. We show that currently\navailable implementations of standard tools such as integral equations,\nmode-coupling theory, or replica calculations all break down at low temperature\nand large density, but we suggest that new analytical schemes can be developed\nto provide a fully microscopic, quantitative description of the jamming\ntransition.",
        "positive": "Magnetization Transfer by a Quantum Ring Device: We show that a tight-binding model device consisting of a laterally connected\nring at half filling in a tangent time-dependent magnetic field can in\nprinciple be designed to pump a purely spin current. The process exploits the\nspin-orbit interaction in the ring. This behavior is understood analytically\nand found to be robust with respect to temperature and small deviations from\nhalf filling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Description length of canonical and microcanonical models: Non-equivalence between the canonical and the microcanonical ensemble has\nbeen shown to arise for models defined by an extensive number of constraints\n(e.g. the Configuration Model). Here, we focus on the framework induced by\nentropy maximization and study the extent to which ensemble non-equivalence\naffects the description length of binary, canonical, and microcanonical models.\nSpecifically, we consider the description length induced by the Normalized\nMaximum Likelihood (NML), which consists of two terms, i.e. a model\nlog-likelihood and its complexity: while the effects of ensemble\nnon-equivalence on the log-likelihood term are well understood, its effects on\nthe complexity term have not been systematically studied yet. Here, we find\nthat i) microcanonical models are always more complex than their canonical\ncounterparts and ii) the difference between the canonical and the\nmicrocanonical description length is strongly influenced by the degree of\nnon-equivalence, a result suggesting that non-equivalence should be taken into\naccount when selecting models. Finally, we compare the NML-based approach to\nmodel selection with the Bayesian one induced by Jeffreys prior, showing that\nthe two cannot be reconciled when non-equivalence holds.",
        "positive": "Basic Notions for the Analysis of Large Affiliation Networks / Bipartite\n  Graphs: Many real-world complex networks actually have a bipartite nature: their\nnodes may be separated into two classes, the links being between nodes of\ndifferent classes only. Despite this, and despite the fact that many ad-hoc\ntools have been designed for the study of special cases, very few exist to\nanalyse (describe, extract relevant information) such networks in a systematic\nway. We propose here an extension of the most basic notions used nowadays to\nanalyse classical complex networks to the bipartite case. To achieve this, we\nintroduce a set of simple statistics, which we discuss by comparing their\nvalues on a representative set of real-world networks and on their random\nversions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Diagram of the Lattice Restricted Primitive Model: We present a comprehensive study of the lattice restricted primitive model,\ni.e., a lattice gas consisting of an equal number of positively and negatively\ncharged particles interacting via on-site exclusion and a 1/r potential. On the\ncubic lattice, Monte Carlo simulations show a line of Neel points separating a\ndisordered, high-temperature phase from a phase with global antiferromagnetic\norder. At low temperatures the (high-density) ordered phase coexists with the\n(low-density) disordered phase. The Neel line meets the coexistence curve at a\ntricritical point, T_t \\simeq 0.14, rho_t \\simeq 0.4. A simple mean-field\nanalysis is in qualitative agreement with simulations.",
        "positive": "Generalized Langevin equations for a driven tracer in dense soft\n  colloids: construction and applications: We describe a tracer in a bath of soft Brownian colloids by a particle\ncoupled to the density field of the other bath particles. From the Dean\nequation, we derive an exact equation for the evolution of the whole system,\nand show that the density field evolution can be linearized in the limit of a\ndense bath. This linearized Dean equation with a tracer taken apart is\nvalidated by the reproduction of previous results on the mean-field liquid\nstructure and transport properties. Then, the tracer is submitted to an\nexternal force and we compute the density profile around it, its mobility and\nits diffusion coefficient. Our results exhibit effects such as bias enhanced\ndiffusion that are very similar to those observed in the opposite limit of a\nhard core lattice gas, indicating the robustness of these effects. Our\npredictions are successfully tested against molecular dynamics simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ergodicity Breaking and Localization: We study the joint action of the non-Poisson renewal events (NPR) yielding\nContinuous Time Random Walk (CTRW) with index alpha < 1 and two different\ngenerators of Hurst coefficient H not equal to 0.5, one generating fractional\nBrownian motion (FBM) and another scaled Brownian motion (SBM). We discuss the\nergodicity breaking emerging from these joint actions and we find that in both\ncases the adoption of time averages leads to localization. In the case of the\njoint action of NPR and SBM, localization occurs when SBM would produce\nsub-diffusion. The joint action of NPR and FBM, on the contrary, may lead to\nlocalization when FBM would be a source of super-diffusion. We argue that the\nsecond effect might require a refinement of the theoretical perspective about\ndeterminism and randomness.",
        "positive": "Revisiting Dynamics Near a Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition in Si and Ga:\n  The Fragile-to-Strong Transition: Using molecular dynamics simulations we analyze the dynamics of two atomic\nliquids that display a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT): Si described by\nthe Stillinger-Weber potential and Ga as modeled by the modified embedded-atom\nmodel (MEAM). In particular, our objective is to investigate the extent to\nwhich the presence of a dip in the self-intermediate scattering function is a\nmanifestation of an excess of vibrational states at low frequencies and may be\nassociated with a fragile-to-strong transition (FTST) across the LLPT, as\nsuggested recently. Our results do not lend support to these suggestions.\nSpecifically, in the case of Ga we observe the appearance of an excess of\nvibrational states at low frequencies, even in the absence of the appearance of\na dip in the self-intermediate scattering function across the LLPT.\nFurthermore, studying the behavior of the shear viscosities traversing the\nLLPTs we find that, despite the development of a dip in the self-intermediate\nscattering function for the case of Si and its absence in Ga, both substances\nare fragile in character above and below their respective LLPT temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rigorous proof of a phase transition of parallelizability in a\n  one-dimensional structure assembly: In this paper, we prove the existence of a phase transition of\nparallelizability in the assembly of one-dimensional chains. By introducing the\nparallel efficiency that measures how efficiently the parallel assembly works,\nthe parallelizable phase is defined by its positive value. The\nparallelizable/unparallelizable transition is then identified by the\nnon-analytic change in the parallel efficiency from a positive value to zero.\nBy evaluating the parallel efficiency on each side of the transition point, we\nshow the existence of a phase transition in this system.",
        "positive": "Dynamics following a linear ramps in the $O(N)$ model: dynamical\n  transition and statistics of excitations: Non-thermal dynamical critical behavior can arise in isolated quantum systems\nbrought out of equilibirum by a change in time of their parameters. While this\nphenomenon has been studied in a variety of systems in the case of a sudden\nquench, here we consider its sensitivity to a change of protocol by considering\nthe experimentally relevant case of a linear ramp in time. Focusing on the\n$O(N)$ model in the large $N$ limit, we show that a dynamical phase transition\nis always present for all ramp durations and discuss the resulting crossover\nbetween the sudden quench transition and one dominated by the equilibrium\nquantum critical point. We show that the critical behavior of the statistics of\nthe excitations, signaling the non-thermal nature of the transition are robust\nagainst changing protocol. An intriguing crossover in the equal time\ncorrelation function, related to an anomalous coarsening is also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Atomistic Hydrodynamics and the Dynamical Hydrophobic Effect in Porous\n  Graphene: Mirroring their role in electrical and optical physics, two-dimensional\ncrystals are emerging as novel platforms for fluid separations and water\ndesalination, which are hydrodynamic processes that occur in nanoscale\nenvironments. For numerical simulation to play a predictive and descriptive\nrole, one must have theoretically sound methods that span orders of magnitude\nin physical scales, from the atomistic motions of particles inside the channels\nto the large-scale hydrodynamic gradients that drive transport. Here, we use\nconstraint dynamics to derive a nonequilibrium molecular dynamics method for\nsimulating steady-state mass flow of a fluid moving through the nanoscopic\nspaces of a porous solid. After validating our method on a model system, we use\nit to study the hydrophobic effect of water moving through pores of\nelectrically doped single-layer graphene. The trend in permeability that we\ncalculate does not follow the hydrophobicity of the membrane, but is instead\ngoverned by a crossover between two competing molecular transport mechanisms.",
        "positive": "Open system trajectories specify fluctuating work but not heat: Based on the explicit knowledge of a Hamiltonian of mean force, the classical\nstatistical mechanics and equilibrium thermodynamics of open systems in contact\nwith a thermal environment at arbitrary interaction strength can be formulated.\nEven though the Hamiltonian of mean force uniquely determines the equilibrium\nphase space probability density of a strongly coupled open system the knowledge\nof this probability density alone is insufficient to determine the Hamiltonian\nof mean force, needed in constructing the underlying statistical mechanics and\nthermodynamics. We demonstrate that under the assumption that the Hamiltonian\nof mean force is known, an extension of thermodynamic structures from the level\nof averaged quantities to fluctuating objects (i.e. a stochastic\nthermodynamics) is possible. However, such a construction undesirably involves\nalso a vast ambiguity. This situation is rooted in the eminent lack of a\nphysical guiding principle allowing to distinguish a physically meaningful\ntheory out of a multitude of other equally conceivable ones."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pulling short DNA molecules having defects on different locations: We present a study on the role of defects on the stability of short DNA\nmolecules. We consider short DNA molecules (16 base pairs) and investigate the\nthermal as well as mechanical denaturation of these molecules in the presence\nof defects that occurs anywhere in the molecule. For the investigation, we\nconsider four different kinds of chains. Not only the ratio of AT to GC\ndifferent in these molecules but also the distributions of AT and GC along the\nmolecule are different. With suitable modifications in the statistical model to\nshow the defect in a pair, we investigate the denaturation of short DNA\nmolecules in thermal as well as constant force ensemble. In the force ensemble,\nwe pulled the DNA molecule from each end (keeping other end free) and observed\nsome interesting features of opening of the molecule in the presence of defects\nin the molecule. We calculate the probability of opening of the DNA molecule in\nthe constant force ensemble to explain the opening of base pairs and hence the\ndenaturation of molecules in the presence of defects.",
        "positive": "Scaling Analysis of Random Walks with Persistence Lengths: Application\n  to Self-Avoiding Walks: We develop an approach for performing scaling analysis of $N$-step Random\nWalks (RWs). The mean square end-to-end distance,\n$\\langle\\vec{R}_{N}^{2}\\rangle$, is written in terms of inner persistence\nlengths (IPLs), which we define by the ensemble averages of dot products\nbetween the walker's position and displacement vectors, at the $j$-th step. For\nRW models statistically invariant under orthogonal transformations, we\nanalytically introduce a relation between $\\langle\\vec{R}_{N}^{2}\\rangle$ and\nthe persistence length, $\\lambda_{N}$, which is defined as the mean end-to-end\nvector projection in the first step direction. For Self-Avoiding Walks (SAWs)\non 2D and 3D lattices we introduce a series expansion for $\\lambda_{N}$, and by\nMonte Carlo simulations we find that $\\lambda_{\\infty}$ is equal to a constant;\nthe scaling corrections for $\\lambda_{N}$ can be second and higher order\ncorrections to scaling for $\\langle\\vec{R}_{N}^{2}\\rangle$. Building SAWs with\ntypically one hundred steps, we estimate the exponents $\\nu_{0}$ and\n$\\Delta_{1}$ from the IPL behavior as function of $j$. The obtained results are\nin excellent agreement with those in the literature. This shows that only an\nensemble of paths with the same length is sufficient for determining the\nscaling behavior of $\\langle\\vec{R}_{N}^{2}\\rangle$, being that the whole\ninformation needed is contained in the inner part of the paths."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bounds of Efficiency at Maximum Power for Normal-, Sub- and\n  Super-Dissipative Carnot-Like Heat Engines: The Carnot-like heat engines are classified into three types (normal-, sub-\nand super-dissipative) according to relations between the minimum irreversible\nentropy production in the \"isothermal\" processes and the time for completing\nthose processes. The efficiencies at maximum power of normal-, sub- and\nsuper-dissipative Carnot-like heat engines are proved to be bounded between\n$\\eta_C/2$ and $\\eta_C/(2-\\eta_C)$, $\\eta_C /2$ and $\\eta_C$, 0 and\n$\\eta_C/(2-\\eta_C)$, respectively. These bounds are also shared by linear, sub-\nand super-linear irreversible Carnot-like engines [Tu and Wang, Europhys. Lett.\n98, 40001 (2012)] although the dissipative engines and the irreversible ones\nare inequivalent to each other.",
        "positive": "Exact nonequilibrium quantum observable statistics: A large-deviation\n  approach: The exact statistics of an arbitrary quantum observable is analytically\nobtained. Due to the probabilistic nature of a sequence of intermediate\nmeasurements and stochastic fluctuations induced by the interaction with the\nenvironment, the measurement outcomes at the end of the system's evolution are\nrandom variables. Here, we provide the exact large-deviation form of their\nprobability distribution, which is given by an exponentially decaying profile\nin the number of measurements. The most probable distribution of the\nmeasurement outcomes in a single realization of the system transformation is\nthen derived, thus achieving predictions beyond the expectation value. The\ntheoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations of an experimentally\nreproducible two-level system with stochastic Hamiltonian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fast Simulation of Facilitated Spin Models: We show how to apply the absorbing Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm of\nNovotny to simulate kinetically constrained models of glasses. We consider in\ndetail one-spin facilitated models, such as the East model and its\ngeneralizations to arbitrary dimensions. We investigate how to maximise the\nefficiency of the algorithms, and show that simulation times can be improved on\nstandard continuous time Monte Carlo by several orders of magnitude. We\nillustrate the method with equilibrium and aging results. These include a study\nof relaxation times in the East model for dimensions d=1 to d=13, which\nprovides further evidence that the hierarchical relaxation in this model is\npresent in all dimensions. We discuss how the method can be applied to other\nkinetically constrained models.",
        "positive": "The surprising convergence of the Monte Carlo renormalization group for\n  the d=3 Ising Model: We present a surprisingly simple approach to high-accuracy calculations of\ncritical properties of the three-dimensional Ising model. The method uses a\nmodified block-spin transformation with a tunable parameter to improve\nconvergence in Monte Carlo renormalization group. The block-spin parameter must\nbe tuned differently for different exponents to produce optimal convergence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical dynamics of an isothermal compressible non-ideal fluid: A pure fluid at its critical point shows a dramatic slow-down in its\ndynamics, due to a divergence of the order-parameter susceptibility and the\ncoefficient of heat transport. Under isothermal conditions, however, sound\nwaves provide the only possible relaxation mechanism for order-parameter\nfluctuations. Here we study the critical dynamics of an isothermal,\ncompressible non-ideal fluid via scaling arguments and computer simulations of\nthe corresponding fluctuating hydrodynamics equations. We show that, below a\ncritical dimension of 4, the order-parameter dynamics of an isothermal fluid\neffectively reduces to \"model A,\" characterized by overdamped sound waves and a\ndivergent bulk viscosity. In contrast, the shear viscosity remains finite above\ntwo dimensions. Possible applications of the model are discussed.",
        "positive": "The Casimir effect: from quantum to critical fluctuations: The Casimir effect in quantum electrodynamics (QED) is perhaps the best-known\nexample of fluctuation-induced long-ranged force acting on objects (conducting\nplates) immersed in a fluctuating medium (quantum electromagnetic field in\nvacuum). A similar effect emerges in statistical physics, where the force\nacting, e.g., on colloidal particles immersed in a binary liquid mixture is\naffected by the classical thermal fluctuations occurring in the surrounding\nmedium. The resulting Casimir-like force acquires universal features upon\napproaching a critical point of the medium and becomes long-ranged at\ncriticality. In turn, this universality allows one to investigate theoretically\nthe temperature dependence of the force via representative models and to\nstringently test the corresponding predictions in experiments. In contrast to\nQED, the Casimir force resulting from critical fluctuations can be easily tuned\nwith respect to strength and sign by surface treatments and temperature\ncontrol. We present some recent advances in the theoretical study of the\nuniversal properties of the critical Casimir force arising in thin films. The\ncorresponding predictions compare very well with the experimental results\nobtained for wetting layers of various fluids. We discuss how the Casimir force\nbetween a colloidal particle and a planar wall immersed in a binary liquid\nmixture has been measured with femto-Newton accuracy, comparing these\nexperimental results with the corresponding theoretical predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A general mechanism for the `$1/f$' noise: We consider the response of a memoryless nonlinear device that converts an\ninput signal $\\xi(t)$ into an output $\\eta(t)$ that only depends on the value\nof the input at the same time, $t$. For input Gaussian noise with power\nspectrum $1/f^{\\alpha}$, the nonlinearity modifies the spectral index of the\noutput to give a spectrum that varies as $1/f^{\\alpha'}$ with $\\alpha' \\neq\n\\alpha$. We show that the value of $\\alpha'$ depends on the nonlinear\ntransformation and can be tuned continuously. This provides a general mechanism\nfor the ubiquitous `$1/f$' noise found in nature.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in optimal search times: how random walkers should\n  combine resetting and flight scales: Recent works have explored the properties of L\\'evy flights with resetting in\none-dimensional domains and have reported the existence of phase transitions in\nthe phase space of parameters which minimizes the Mean First Passage Time\n(MFPT) through the origin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 220602 (2014)]. Here we show\nhow actually an interesting dynamics, including also phase transitions for the\nminimization of the MFPT, can also be obtained without invoking the use of\nL\\'evy statistics but for the simpler case of random walks with exponentially\ndistributed flights of constant speed. We explore this dynamics both in the\ncase of finite and infinite domains, and for different implementations of the\nresetting mechanism to show that different ways to introduce resetting\nconsistently lead to a quite similar dynamics. The use of exponential flights\nhas the strong advantage that exact solutions can be obtained easily for the\nMFPT through the origin, so a complete analytical characterization of the\nsystem dynamics can be provided. Furthermore, we discuss in detail how the\nphase transitions observed in random walks with resetting are closely related\nto several ideas recurrently used in the field of random search theory, in\nparticular to other mechanisms proposed to understand random search in space as\nmortal random-walks or multi-scale random-walks. As a whole we corroborate that\none of the essential ingredients behind MFPT minimization lies in the\ncombination of multiple movement scales (whatever its origin)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "About causes of slow relaxation of melted intermetallic alloys: Ascertainment of the nature of the slow relaxation processes observed after\nmelting in glass-forming eutectic melts is the subject of this work. We claim\nthat the diffusion processes nonlinearity in heterogeneous melt with inclusions\nof refractory stoichiometry is the origin of this phenomenon. The cause for\nthis nonlinearity is the thermodynamic instability similar to one taking place\nat spinodal decomposition, and indispensable condition is the initially\nnon-homogenous. For confirmation of our devotes, we consider the model of\nliquid solution of a binary system, which evolution described by the\nCahn-Hilliard equation with combined Gibbs potential assuming the presence of\nremains after melting stoichiometric phase. Exemplified by the Al-Y and Al-Yb\nalloys, using Gibbs potentials from a standard database we show that subject to\ninitial heterogeneity in these systems the instability can develop leading to\nthe slow relaxation processes, and determine the regions of this instability in\nthe phase diagrams.",
        "positive": "Probability of Incipient Spanning Clusters in Critical Square Bond\n  Percolation: The probability of simultaneous occurence of at least k spanning clusters has\nbeen studied by Monte Carlo simulations on the 2D square lattice at the bond\npercolation threshold $p_c=1/2$. It is found that the probability of k and more\nIncipient Spanning Clusters (ISC) has the values $P(k>1) \\approx 0.00658(3)$\nand $P(k>2) \\approx 0.00000148(21)$ provided that the limit of these\nprobabilities for infinite lattices exists. The probability $P(k>3)$ of more\nthan three ISC could be estimated to be of the order of 10^{-11} and is beyond\nthe possibility to compute a such value by nowdays computers. So, it is\nimpossible to check in simulations the Aizenman law for the probabilities when\n$k>>1$. We have detected a single sample with 4 ISC in a total number of about\n10^{10} samples investigated. The probability of single event is 1/10 for that\nnumber of samples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Application of a thermodynamical framework for transport analysis to the\n  derivation of Dirac's value function: From a non-equilibrium thermodynamical framework for transport analysis based\non Onsager's Regression Hypothesis, we derive the value function first\ndescribed by Dirac for isotope separation. This application of the framework is\ninterpreted as both further validation of the transport framework and as a\ngeneralization of Dirac's value function. The framework for the analysis of\ntransport phenomena is introduced, first. From the entropy of mixing, and in\nthe presence of gradients in thermodynamic potentials, this framework generates\na dynamical transport model from which Dirac's value function is derived as a\nmeasure of separative work performed. Dirac's value function is thus shown to\nbe a measure of separative work for systems that are described by the entropy\nof mixing. As a further demonstration of its generality, the result is applied\nto a two-quantity, single spatial-dimension spin magnetization system.",
        "positive": "Mean perimeter and area of the convex hull of a planar Brownian motion\n  in the presence of resetting: We compute exactly the mean perimeter and the mean area of the convex hull of\na $2$-d Brownian motion of duration $t$ and diffusion constant $D$, in the\npresence of resetting to the origin at a constant rate $r$. We show that for\nany $t$, the mean perimeter is given by $\\langle L(t)\\rangle= 2 \\pi\n\\sqrt{\\frac{D}{r}}\\, f_1(rt)$ and the mean area is given by $\\langle A(t)\n\\rangle= 2\\pi\\frac{D}{r}\\, f_2(rt)$ where the scaling functions $f_1(z)$ and\n$f_2(z)$ are computed explicitly. For large $t\\gg 1/r$, the mean perimeter\ngrows extremely slowly as $\\langle L(t)\\rangle \\propto \\ln (rt)$ with time.\nLikewise, the mean area also grows slowly as $\\langle A(t)\\rangle \\propto\n\\ln^2(rt)$ for $t\\gg 1/r$. Our exact results indicate that the convex hull, in\nthe presence of resetting, approaches a circular shape at late times. Numerical\nsimulations are in perfect agreement with our analytical predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetics and scaling in ballistic annihilation: We study the simplest irreversible ballistically-controlled reaction, whereby\nparticles having an initial continuous velocity distribution annihilate upon\ncolliding. In the framework of the Boltzmann equation, expressions for the\nexponents characterizing the density and typical velocity decay are explicitly\nworked out in arbitrary dimension. These predictions are in excellent agreement\nwith the complementary results of extensive Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics\nsimulations. We finally discuss the definition of universality classes indexed\nby a continuous parameter for this far from equilibrium dynamics with no\nconservation laws.",
        "positive": "Ideal Fermi gases in harmonic oscillator potential traps: We study the thermodynamic properties of an ideal gas of fermions in a\nharmonic oscillator confining potential. The analogy between this problem and\nthe de Haas-van Alphen effect is discussed and used to obtain analytical\nresults for the chemical potential and specific heat in the case of both\nisotropic and anisotropic potentials. Step-like behaviour in the chemical\npotential, first noted in numerical studies, is obtained analytically and shown\nto result in an oscillatory behaviour of the specific heat when the particle\nnumber is varied. The origin of these oscillations is that part of the\nthermodynamic potential responsible for the de Haas-van Alphen-type effect. At\nlow temperatures we show analytically that there are significant deviations in\nthe specific heat from the expected linear temperature dependence, again as a\nconsequence of the de Haas-van Alphen part of the thermodynamic potential.\nResults are given for one, two, and three spatial dimensions. In the\nanisotropic case we show how the specific heat jumps as the ratio of oscillator\nfrequencies varies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Avoiding unphysical kinetic traps in Monte Carlo simulations of strongly\n  attractive particles: We introduce a `virtual-move' Monte Carlo (VMMC) algorithm for systems of\npairwise-interacting particles. This algorithm facilitates the simulation of\nparticles possessing attractions of short range and arbitrary strength and\ngeometry, an important realization being self-assembling particles endowed with\nstrong, short-ranged and angularly specific (`patchy') attractions. Standard\nMonte Carlo techniques employ sequential updates of particles and suffer from\nlow acceptance rates when attractions are strong. Our algorithm avoids this\nslowing-down by proposing simultaneous moves of collections (clusters) of\nparticles according to gradients of interaction energies. One particle first\nexecutes a `virtual' trial move. We determine which of its neighbours move in a\nsimilar fashion by calculating individual bond energies before and after the\nproposed move. We iterate this procedure and update simultaneously the\npositions of all affected particles. Particles move according to an\napproximation of realistic dynamics without requiring the explicit computation\nof forces, and without the step size restrictions required when integrating\nequations of motion. We also employ a size- and shape-dependent hydrodynamic\ndamping of cluster movements. We discuss the virtual-move algorithm in the\ncontext of other Monte Carlo cluster-move schemes, and demonstrate its utility\nby applying it to a model of biological self-assembly.",
        "positive": "From HIV infection to AIDS: A dynamically induced percolation\n  transition?: The origin of the unusual incubation period distribution in the development\nof AIDS is largely unresolved. A key factor in understanding the observed\ndistribution of latency periods, as well as the occurrence of infected\nindividuals not developing AIDS at all, is the dynamics of the long lasting\nstruggle between HIV and the immune system. Using a computer simulation, we\nstudy the diversification of viral genomes under mutation and the selective\npressure of the immune system.In common infections vast spreading of viral\ngenomes usually does not takes place. In the case of an HIV infection this may\noccur, as the virus successively weakens the immune system by depletion of CD4+\ncells.In a sequence space framework, this leads to a dynamically induced\npercolation transition, corresponding to the onset of AIDS. As a result, we\nobtain the prolongated shape of the incubation period distribution, as well as\na finite fraction of non-progressors that do not develop AIDS, comparing well\nwith results from recent clinical research."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlations and hyperuniformity in the avalanche size of the Oslo Model: Certain random processes display anticorrelations resulting in local\nPoisson-like disorder and global order, where correlations suppress\nfluctuations. Such processes are called hyperuniform. Using a map to an\ninterface picture we show via analytic calculations that a sequence of\navalanche sizes of the Oslo Model is hyperuniform in the temporal domain with\nthe minimal exponent $\\lambda=0$. We identify the conserved quantity in the\ninterface picture that gives rise to the hyperuniformity in the avalanche size.\nWe further discuss the fluctuations of the avalanche size in two variants of\nthe Oslo Model. We support our findings with numerical results.",
        "positive": "On the CFT describing the spin clusters in 2d Potts model: We have considered clusters of like spin in the Q-Potts model, the spin Potts\nclusters. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we studied these clusters on a square\nlattice with periodic boundary conditions for values of Q in [1,4]. We continue\nthe work initiated with Delfino and Viti (2013) by measuring the universal\nfinite size corrections of the two-point connectivity. The numerical data are\nperfectly compatible with the CFT prediction, thus supporting the existence of\na consistent CFT, still unknown, describing the connectivity Potts spin\nclusters. We provided in particular new insights on the energy field of such\ntheory. For Q=2, we found a good agreement with the prediction that the Ising\nspin clusters behave as the Fortuin-Kasteleyn ones at the tri-critical point of\nthe dilute 1-Potts model. We show that the structure constants are likely to be\ngiven by the imaginary Liouville structure constants, consistently with the\nresults of Delfino et al. (2013) and of Ang and Sun (2021). For Q different\nfrom 2 instead, the structure constants we measure do not correspond to any\nknown bootstrap solutions. The validity of our analysis is backed up by the\nmeasures of the spin Potts clusters wrapping probability for Q=3. We evaluate\nthe main critical exponents and the correction to the scaling. A new exact and\ncompact expression for the torus one-point of the Q-Potts energy field is also\ngiven."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multilayer Adsorption of Interacting Polyatomics on Heterogeneous\n  Surfaces: In the present work we introduce a generalized lattice-gas model to study the\nmultilayer adsorption of interacting polyatomics on heterogeneous surfaces.\nUsing an approximation in the spirit of the well-known Brunauer--Emmet--Teller\n(BET) model, a new theoretical isotherm is obtained in one- and two-dimensional\nlattices and compared with Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, we use the BET\napproach to analyze these isotherms and to estimate the monolayer volume. In\nall cases, we found that the use of the BET equation leads to an underestimate\nof the true monolayer capacity. However, significant compensation effects were\nobserved for heterogeneous surfaces and attractive lateral interactions.",
        "positive": "New scenario for the emergence of non-conventional Bose-Einstein\n  condensation. Beyond the notion of energy gap: A stable non ideal Bose system whose energy operator includes a perturbations\ndepending on the square root of the number operator associated to the zero mode\nenergy is analyzed, demonstrating that, in presence or absence of a gap in the\none particle energy spectrum,it undergoes the so called non conventional Bose\nEinstein Condensation"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of Information: As early as 1867, two years after the introduction of the concept of entropy\nby Clausius, Maxwell showed that the limitations imposed by the second law of\nthermodynamics depend on the information that one possesses about the state of\na physical system. A \"very observant and neat-fingered being\", later on named\nMaxwell demon by Kelvin, could arrange the molecules of a gas and induce a\ntemperature or pressure gradient without performing work, in apparent\ncontradiction to the second law. One century later, Landauer claimed that\n\"information is physical\", and showed that certain processes involving\ninformation, like overwriting a memory, need work to be completed and are\nunavoidably accompanied by heat dissipation. Thermodynamics of information\nanalyzes this bidirectional influence between thermodynamics and information\nprocessing. The seminal ideas that Landauer and Bennett devised in the 1970s\nhave been recently reformulated in a more precise and general way by realizing\nthat informational states are out of equilibrium and applying new tools from\nnon-equilibrium statistical mechanics.",
        "positive": "Learning phase transitions from regression uncertainty: A new\n  regression-based machine learning approach for automated detection of phases\n  of matter: For performing regression tasks involved in various physics problems,\nenhancing the precision or equivalently reducing the uncertainty of regression\nresults is undoubtedly one of the central goals. Here, somewhat surprisingly,\nwe find that the unfavorable regression uncertainty in performing the\nregression tasks of inverse statistical problems actually contains hidden\ninformation concerning the phase transitions of the system under consideration.\nBy utilizing this hidden information, we develop a new unsupervised machine\nlearning approach for automated detection of phases of matter, dubbed learning\nfrom regression uncertainty. This is achieved by revealing an intrinsic\nconnection between regression uncertainty and response properties of the\nsystem, thus making the outputs of this machine learning approach directly\ninterpretable via conventional notions of physics. We demonstrate the approach\nby identifying the critical points of the ferromagnetic Ising model and the\nthree-state clock model, and revealing the existence of the intermediate phase\nin the six-state and seven-state clock models. Comparing to the widely-used\nclassification-based approaches developed so far, although successful, their\nrecognized classes of patterns are essentially abstract, which hinders their\nstraightforward relation to conventional notions of physics. These challenges\npersist even when one employs the state-of-the-art deep neural networks that\nexcel at classification tasks. In contrast, with the core working horse being a\nneural network performing regression tasks, our new approach is not only\npractically more efficient, but also paves the way towards intriguing\npossibilities for unveiling new physics via machine learning in a physically\ninterpretable manner."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mesoscopic description of random walks on combs: Combs are a simple caricature of various types of natural branched\nstructures, which belong to the category of loopless graphs and consist of a\nbackbone and branches. We study continuous time random walks on combs and\npresent a generic method to obtain their transport properties. The random walk\nalong the branches may be biased, and we account for the effect of the branches\nby renormalizing the waiting time probability distribution function for the\nmotion along the backbone. We analyze the overall diffusion properties along\nthe backbone and find normal diffusion, anomalous diffusion, and stochastic\nlocalization (diffusion failure), respectively, depending on the\ncharacteristics of the continuous time random walk along the branches.",
        "positive": "Electoral surveys influence on the voting processes: a cellular automata\n  model: Nowadays, in societies threatened by atomization, selfishness, short-term\nthinking, and alienation from political life, there is a renewed debate about\nclassical questions concerning the quality of democratic decision-making. In\nthis work a cellular automata (CA) model for the dynamics of free elections\nbased on the social impact theory is proposed. By using computer simulations,\npower law distributions for the size of electoral clusters and decision time\nhave been obtained. The major role of broadcasted electoral surveys in guiding\nopinion formation and stabilizing the ``{\\it status quo}'' was demonstrated.\nFurthermore, it was shown that in societies where these surveys are manipulated\nwithin the universally accepted statistical error bars, even a majoritary\nopposition could be hindered from reaching the power through the electoral\npath."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium and dynamics of a three-state opinion model: We introduce a three-state model to study the effects of a neutral party on\nopinion spreading, in which the tendency of agents to agree with their\nneighbors can be tuned to favor either the neutral party or two oppositely\npolarized parties, and can be disrupted by social agitation mimicked as\ntemperature. We study the equilibrium phase diagram and the non-equilibrium\nstochastic dynamics of the model with various analytical approaches and with\nMonte Carlo simulations on different substrates: the fully-connected (FC)\ngraph, the one-dimensional (1D) chain, and Erd\\\"os-R\\'enyi (ER) random graphs.\nWe show that, in the mean-field approximation, the phase boundary between the\ndisordered and polarized phases is characterized by a tricritical point. On the\nFC graph, in the absence of social agitation, kinetic barriers prevent the\nsystem from reaching optimal consensus. On the 1D chain, the main result is\nthat the dynamics is governed by the growth of opinion clusters. Finally, for\nthe ER ensemble a phase transition analogous to that of the FC graph takes\nplace, but now the system is able to reach optimal consensus at low\ntemperatures, except when the average connectivity is low, in which case\ndynamical traps arise from local frozen configurations.",
        "positive": "Comment on ``Phase transitions in a square Ising model with exchange and\n  dipole interactions'' by E. Rastelli, S. Regina and A. Tassi: We discuss numerical results presented in a recent ppublication about the\ncritical properties of a two dimensional Ising model with exchange and dipolar\ninteractions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometry and Topology in Hamiltonian Dynamics and Statistical Mechanics: This submission has been withdrawn by arXiv administrators because it is\nincomplete and thus violates arXiv policy.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear Stochastic Dynamics of Complex Systems, III: Noneqilibrium\n  Thermodynamics of Self-Replication Kinetics: We briefly review the recently developed, Markov process based isothermal\nchemical thermodynamics for nonlinear, driven mesoscopic kinetic systems. Both\nthe instantaneous Shannon entropy {\\boldmath $S[p_{\\alpha}(t)]$} and relative\nentropy {\\boldmath $F[p_{\\alpha}(t)]$}, defined based on probability\ndistribution {\\boldmath $\\{p_{\\alpha}(t)\\}$}, play prominent roles. The theory\nis general; and as a special case when a chemical reaction system is situated\nin an equilibrium environment, it agrees perfectly with Gibbsian chemical\nthermodynamics: {\\boldmath $k_BS$} and {\\boldmath $k_BTF$} become thermodynamic\nentropy and free energy, respectively. We apply this theory to a fully\nreversible autocatalytic reaction kinetics, represented by a\nDelbr\\\"{u}ck-Gillespie process, in a chemostatic nonequilibrium environment.\nThe open, driven chemical system serves as an archetype for biochemical\nself-replication. The significance of {\\em thermodynamically consistent}\nkinetic coarse-graining is emphasized. In a kinetic system where death of a\nbiological organism is treated as the reversal of its birth, the meaning of\nmathematically emergent \"dissipation\", which is not related to the heat\nmeasured in terms of {\\boldmath $k_BT$}, remains to be further investigated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Test of Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis Based on Local Random\n  Matrix Theory: We verify that the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) holds\nuniversally for locally interacting quantum many-body systems. Introducing\nrandom-matrix ensembles with interactions, we numerically obtain a distribution\nof maximum fluctuations of eigenstate expectation values for different\nrealizations of the interactions. This distribution, which cannot be obtained\nfrom the conventional random matrix theory involving nonlocal correlations,\ndemonstrates that an overwhelming majority of pairs of local Hamiltonians and\nobservables satisfy the ETH with exponentially small fluctuations. The\nergodicity of our random matrix ensembles breaks down due to locality.",
        "positive": "The Complex Spherical 2+4 Spin Glass: a Model for Nonlinear Optics in\n  Random Media: A disordered mean field model for multimode laser in open and irregular\ncavities is proposed and discussed within the replica analysis. The model\nincludes the dynamics of the mode intensity and accounts also for the possible\npresence of a linear coupling between the modes, due, e.g., to the leakages\nfrom an open cavity. The complete phase diagram, in terms of disorder strength,\nsource pumping and non-linearity, consists of four different optical regimes:\nincoherent fluorescence, standard mode locking, random lasing and the novel\nspontaneous phase locking. A replica symmetry breaking phase transition is\npredicted at the random lasing threshold. For a high enough strength of\nnon-linearity, a whole region with nonvanishing complexity anticipates the\ntransition, and the light modes in the disordered medium display typical\ndiscontinuous glassy behavior, i.e., the photonic glass has a multitude of\nmetastable states that corresponds to different mode-locking processes in\nrandom lasers. The lasing regime is still present for very open cavities,\nthough the transition becomes continuous at the lasing threshold."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extracting work from a single heat bath - A case study on Brownian\n  particle under external magnetic field in presence of information: Work can be extracted from a single bath beyond the limit set by the second\nlaw by performing measurement on the system and utilising the acquired\ninformation. As an example we studied a Brownian particle confined in a two\ndimensional harmonic trap in presence of magnetic field, whose position\nco-ordinates are measured with finite precision. Two separate cases are\ninvestigated in this study - (A) moving the center of the potential and (B)\nvarying the stiffness of the potential. Optimal protocols which extremise the\nwork in a finite time process are explicitly calculated for these two cases.\nFor Case-A, we show that even though the optimal protocols depend on magnetic\nfield, surprisingly, extracted work is independent of the field. For Case-B,\nboth the optimal protocol and the extracted work depend on the magnetic field.\nHowever, the presence of magnetic field always reduces the extraction of work.",
        "positive": "Master equation approach to protein folding: The dynamics of two 12-monomer heteropolymers on the square lattice is\nstudied exactly within the master equation approach. The time evolution of the\noccupancy of the native state is determined. At low temperatures, the median\nfolding time follows the Arrhenius law and is governed by the longest\nrelaxation time. For good folders, significant kinetic traps appear in the\nfolding funnel whereas for bad folders, the traps also occur in non-native\nenergy valleys."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Implicit numerical schemes for generalized heat conduction equations: There are various situations where the classical Fourier's law for heat\nconduction is not applicable, such as heat conduction in heterogeneous\nmaterials or for modeling low-temperature phenomena. In such cases, heat flux\nis not directly proportional to temperature gradient, hence, the role -- and\nboth the analytical and numerical treatment -- of boundary conditions becomes\nnontrivial. Here, we address this question for finite difference numerics via a\nshifted field approach. Based on this ground,implicit schemes are presented and\ncompared to each other for the Guyer--Krumhansl generalized heat conduction\nequation, which successfully describes numerous beyond-Fourier experimental\nfindings. The results are validated by an analytical solution, and are\ncontrasted to finite element method outcomes obtained by COMSOL.",
        "positive": "Representation of the grand partition function of the cell model: The\n  state equation in the mean-field approximation: The method to calculate the grand partition function of a particle system, in\nwhich constituents interact with each other via potential, that include\nrepulsive and attractive components, is proposed. The cell model, which was\nintroduced to describe critical phenomena and phase transitions, is used to\nprovide calculations. The exact procedure of integration over particle\ncoordinates and summation over number of particles is proposed. As a result, an\nevident expression for the grand partition function of the fluid cell model is\nobtained in the form of multiple integral over collective variables. As it can\nbe seen directly from the structure of the transition jacobian, the present\nmultiparticle model appeared to be different from the Ising model, which is\nwidely used to describe fluid systems. The state equation, which is valid for\nwide temperature ranges both above and below the critical one, is derived in\nmean-field approximation. The pressure calculated for the cell model at\ntemperatures above the critical one is found to be continuously increasing\nfunction of temperature and density. The isotherms of pressure as a function of\ndensity have horizontal parts at temperatures below the critical one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The fractal/small-world dichotomy in real-world networks: We draw attention to a clear dichotomy between small-world networks\nexhibiting exponential neighborhood growth, and fractal-like networks where\nneighborhoods grow according to a power law. This distinction is observed in a\nnumber of real-world networks, and is related to the degree correlations and\ngeographical constraints. We conclude by pointing out that the status of human\nsocial networks in this dichotomy is far from clear.",
        "positive": "Optimal work of Brownian motion in a harmonic time-dependent stiffness\n  potential. Effect of the initial position: The system consists of a Brownian particle immersed in a heat bath trapped in\noptical tweezers with a time-dependent strength acting as an external protocol.\nIn [Phys. Rev. Letts., 98:108301, 2007] the optimal mean work in the overdamped\nregime was thoroughly calculated by assuming the work must be averaged over the\ndistribution of the initial position of the particle. The present research\nassumes instead the solution of the Langevin equation for any given initial\nposition and its average done over the noise distribution. Therefore, this\nproposal extends in a more general sense the results already published,\nincluding the appearance of Maxwell's demon for particular initial conditions\nwhich is analyzed in terms of entropy production rate and the mutual\ninformation obtained by measuring the particle position. The proposed research\nhas the advantage of being able to be compared with data from numerical\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear diffusion from Einstein's master equation: We generalize Einstein's master equation for random walk processes by\nconsidering that the probability for a particle at position $r$ to make a jump\nof length $j$ lattice sites, $P_j(r)$ is a functional of the particle\ndistribution function $f(r,t)$. By multiscale expansion, we obtain a\ngeneralized advection-diffusion equation. We show that the power law $P_j(r)\n\\propto f(r)^{\\alpha - 1}$ (with $\\alpha > 1$) follows from the requirement\nthat the generalized equation admits of scaling solutions ($ f(r;t) =\nt^{-\\gamma}\\phi (r/t^{\\gamma}) $). The solutions have a $q$-exponential form\nand are found to be in agreement with the results of Monte-Carlo simulations,\nso providing a microscopic basis validating the nonlinear diffusion equation.\nAlthough its hydrodynamic limit is equivalent to the phenomenological porous\nmedia equation, there are extra terms which, in general, cannot be neglected as\nevidenced by the Monte-Carlo computations.}",
        "positive": "Magnitude distribution of earthquakes: Two fractal contact area\n  distribution: The `plate tectonics' is an observed fact and most models of earthquake\nincorporate that through the frictional dynamics (stick-slip) of two surfaces\nwhere one surface moves over the other. These models are more or less\nsuccessful to reproduce the well known Gutenberg-Richter type power law in the\n(released) energy distribution of earthquakes. During sticking period, the\nelastic energy gets stored at the contact area of the surfaces and is released\nwhen a slip occurs. Therefore, the extent of the contact area between two\nsurfaces plays an important role in the earthquake dynamics and the power law\nin energy distribution might imply a similar law for the contact area\ndistribution. Since, fractured surfaces are fractals and tectonic plate-\nearth's crust interface can be considered to have fractal nature, we study here\nthe contact area distribution between two fractal surfaces. We consider the\noverlap set of two self-similar fractals, characterised by the same fractal\ndimensions, and look for their distribution. We have studied numerically the\nspecific cases of both regular and random Cantor sets in one dimension and\ngaskets and percolation fractals in two dimension. We find that in all the\ncases the distributions show an universal finite size scaling behavior. The\ncontact area distributions have got a power law decay for both regular and\nrandom Cantor sets and also for gaskets. However, for percolation clusters the\ndistribution shows Gaussian variation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cavity-induced bifurcation in classical rate theory: We show how coupling an ensemble of bistable systems to a common cavity field\naffects the collective stochastic behavior of this ensemble. In particular, the\ncavity provides an effective interaction between the systems, and\nparametrically modifies the transition rates between the metastable states. We\npredict that the cavity induces a collective phase transition at a critical\ntemperature which depends linearly on the number of systems. It shows up as a\nspontaneous symmetry breaking where the stationary states of the bistable\nsystem bifurcate. We observe that the transition rates slow down independently\nof the phase transition, but the rate modification vanishes for alternating\nsigns of the system-cavity couplings, corresponding to a disordered ensemble of\ndipoles. Our results are of particular relevance in polaritonic chemistry where\nthe presence of a cavity has been suggested to affect chemical reactions.",
        "positive": "Search reliability and search efficiency of combined L\u00e9vy-Brownian\n  motion: long relocations mingled with thorough local exploration: A combined dynamics consisting of Brownian motion and L\\'evy flights is\nexhibited by a variety of biological systems performing search processes.\nAssessing the search reliability of ever locating the target and the search\nefficiency of doing so economically of such dynamics thus poses an important\nproblem. Here we model this dynamics by a one-dimensional fractional\nFokker-Planck equation combining unbiased Brownian motion and L\\'evy flights.\nBy solving this equation both analytically and numerically we show that the\nsuperposition of recurrent Brownian motion and L\\'evy flights with stable\nexponent $\\alpha<1$, by itself implying zero probability of hitting a point on\na line, lead to transient motion with finite probability of hitting any point\non the line. We present results for the exact dependence of the values of both\nthe search reliability and the search efficiency on the distance between the\nstarting and target positions as well as the choice of the scaling exponent\n$\\alpha$ of the L\\'evy flight component."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized symmetric mutual information applied for the channel\n  capacity: The channel capacity for the binary symmetric channel is investigated based\non the symmetrized definition of the mutual information, which is arising from\nan attempt of extension of information content based on the nonadditivity. The\nnegative capacity can emerge as an avoidable consequence for the generalization\nof the concept of the information entropy when $q >1$.",
        "positive": "The weighed average geodetic of distributions of probabilities in the\n  statistical physics: The results received in works [Centsov N.N. [N.N. Chentsov], Statistical\ndecision rules and optimal inference, 1982 Amer. Math. Soc. (Translated from\nRussian); Morozova, E. A., Chentsov, N. N. Natural geometry of families of\nprobability laws. 1991 Probability theory, 8, 133--265, 270--274, 276 (in\nRussian)] for statistical distributions at studying algebra of decision rules\nand natural geometry generated by her, are applied to estimations of the\nnonequilibrium statistical operator and superstatistics. Expressions for the\nnonequilibrium statistical operator and superstatistics are received as special\ncases of the weighed average geodetic of distributions of probabilities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady states in a non-conserving zero-range process with extensive\n  rates as a model for the balance of selection and mutation: We consider a non-conserving zero-range process with hopping rate\nproportional to the number of particles at each site. Particles are added to\nthe system with a site-dependent creation rate, and removed from the system\nwith a uniform annihilation rate. On a fully-connected lattice with a large\nnumber of sites, the mean-field geometry leads to a negative binomial law for\nthe number of particles at each site, with parameters depending on the hopping,\ncreation and annihilation rates. This model of particles is mapped to a model\nof population dynamics: the site label is interpreted as a level of fitness,\nthe site-dependent creation rate is interpreted as a selection function, and\nthe hopping process is interpreted as the introduction of mutants. In the limit\nof large density, the fraction of the total population occupying each site\napproaches the limiting distribution in the house-of-cards model of\nselection-mutation, introduced by Kingman. A single site can be occupied by a\nmacroscopic fraction of the particles if the mutation rate is below a critical\nvalue (which matches the critical value worked out in the house-of-cards\nmodel). This feature generalises to classes of selection functions that\nincrease sufficiently fast at high fitness. The process can be mapped to a\nmodel of evolving networks, inspired by the Bianconi--Barab\\'asi model, but\ninvolving a large and fixed set of nodes. Each node forms links at a rate\nbiased by its fitness, moreover links are destroyed at a uniform rate, and\nredirected at a certain rate. If this redirection rate matches the mutation\nrate, the number of links pointing to nodes of a given fitness level is\ndistributed as the numbers of particles in the non-conserving zero-range\nprocess. There is a finite critical redirection rate if the density of quenched\nfitnesses goes to zero sufficiently fast at high fitness.",
        "positive": "Spin dynamics simulations of the magnetic dynamics of RbMnF$_3$ and\n  direct comparison with experiment: Spin-dynamics techniques have been used to perform large-scale simulations of\nthe dynamic behavior of the classical Heisenberg antiferromagnet in simple\ncubic lattices with linear sizes $L\\leq 60$. This system is widely recognized\nas an appropriate model for the magnetic properties of RbMnF$_3$.\nTime-evolutions of spin configurations were determined numerically from coupled\nequations of motion for individual spins using a new algorithm implemented by\nKrech {\\it etal}, which is based on fourth-order Suzuki-Trotter decompositions\nof exponential operators. The dynamic structure factor was calculated from the\nspace- and time-displaced spin-spin correlation function. The crossover from\nhydrodynamic to critical behavior of the dispersion curve and spin-wave\nhalf-width was studied as the temperature was increased towards the critical\ntemperature. The dynamic critical exponent was estimated to be $z=(1.43\\pm\n0.03)$, which is slightly lower than the dynamic scaling prediction, but in\ngood agreement with a recent experimental value. Direct, quantitative\ncomparisons of both the dispersion curve and the lineshapes obtained from our\nsimulations with very recent experimental results for RbMnF$_3$ are presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Study of Dynamic Finite Size Scaling Behavior of the Scaling\n  Functions-Calculation of Dynamic Critical Index of Wolff Algorithm: In this work we have studied the dynamic scaling behavior of two scaling\nfunctions and we have shown that scaling functions obey the dynamic finite size\nscaling rules. Dynamic finite size scaling of scaling functions opens\npossibilities for a wide range of applications. As an application we have\ncalculated the dynamic critical exponent ($z$) of Wolff's cluster algorithm for\n2-, 3- and 4-dimensional Ising models. Configurations with vanishing initial\nmagnetization are chosen in order to avoid complications due to initial\nmagnetization. The observed dynamic finite size scaling behavior during early\nstages of the Monte Carlo simulation yields $z$ for Wolff's cluster algorithm\nfor 2-, 3- and 4-dimensional Ising models with vanishing values which are\nconsistent with the values obtained from the autocorrelations. Especially, the\nvanishing dynamic critical exponent we obtained for $d=3$ implies that the\nWolff algorithm is more efficient in eliminating critical slowing down in Monte\nCarlo simulations than previously reported.",
        "positive": "Caliber Corrected Markov Modeling (C2M2): Correcting Equilibrium Markov\n  models: Rate processes are often modeled using Markov-State Models (MSM). Suppose you\nknow a prior MSM, and then learn that your prediction of some particular\nobservable rate is wrong. What is the best way to correct the whole MSM? For\nexample, molecular dynamics simulations of protein folding may sample many\nmicrostates, possibly giving correct pathways through them, while also giving\nthe wrong overall folding rate, when compared to experiment. Here, we describe\nCaliber Corrected Markov Modeling (C2M2): an approach based on the principle of\nmaximum entropy for updating a Markov model by imposing state- and trajectory-\nbased constraints. We show that such corrections are equivalent to asserting\nposition-dependent diffusion coefficients in continuous-time continuous-space\nMarkov processes modeled by a Smoluchowski equation. We derive the functional\nform of the diffusion coefficient explicitly in terms of the trajectory-based\nconstraints. We illustrate with examples of 2D particle diffusion and an\noverdamped harmonic oscillator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Clustering and fluidization in a one-dimensional granular system:\n  molecular dynamics and direct-simulation Monte Carlo method: We study a 1-D granular gas of point-like particles not subject to gravity\nbetween two walls at temperatures T_left and T_right. The system exhibits two\ndistinct regimes, depending on the normalized temperature difference Delta =\n(T_right - T_left)/(T_right + T_left): one completely fluidized and one in\nwhich a cluster coexists with the fluidized gas. When Delta is above a certain\nthreshold, cluster formation is fully inhibited, obtaining a completely\nfluidized state. The mechanism that produces these two phases is explained. In\nthe fluidized state the velocity distribution function exhibits peculiar\nnon-Gaussian features. For this state, comparison between integration of the\nBoltzmann equation using the direct-simulation Monte Carlo method and results\nstemming from microscopic Newtonian molecular dynamics gives good coincidence,\nestablishing that the non-Gaussian features observed do not arise from the\nonset of correlations.",
        "positive": "The freezing phase transition in hard core lattice gases on triangular\n  lattice with exclusion up to seventh next-nearest neighbor: Hard core lattice gas models are minimal models to study entropy driven phase\ntransitions. In the $k$-NN lattice gas, a particle excludes all sites upto the\n$k$-th next-nearest neighbors from being occupied by another particle. As $k$\nincreases from one, it extrapolates from nearest neighbor exclusion to the hard\nsphere gas. In this paper, we study the model on the triangular lattice for\n$k\\leq 7$ using a flat histogram algorithm that includes cluster moves. Earlier\nstudies had focused on $k\\leq 3$. We show that for $4\\leq k\\leq 7$, the system\nundergoes a single phase transition from a low-density fluid phase to a\nhigh-density sublattice-ordered phase. Using partition function zeros and\nnon-convexity properties of the entropy, we show that the transitions are\ndiscontinuous. The critical chemical potential, coexistence densities, and\ncritical pressure are determined accurately."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A quasi-one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded monolayer ice phase: Bernal-Fowler ice rules govern the phase behaviors of crystalline bulk water\nby stipulating that each water molecule forms four hydrogen bonds. However, in\nextreme or constrained conditions, the arrangement of water molecules deviates\nfrom conventional ice rules, resulting in properties significantly different\nfrom bulk water. In this study, we employ machine learning-driven\nfirst-principles simulations to observe a unique violation of the ice rules in\na monolayer of water confined within a hydrophobic channel. We observe a\nquasi-one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded structure in a flat-rhombic phase. This\nphase consists of strongly hydrogen-bonded linear chains of water molecules\nthat zig-zag along one dimension, stabilized by van der Waals interactions that\nstack these chains along the other dimension. This arrangement of strong and\nweak bonds bears similarities with a new class of functional materials called\nquasi-one-dimensional van der Waals materials. The unusual interplay of\nhydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions in flat-rhombic ice results in\natypical proton disorder, including long-range proton ordering and coherent\nproton dynamics. Our work sets the stage for discovering new\nconfinement-induced low-dimensional hydrogen-bonded materials and exploiting\ntheir electronic, vibronic, and optical properties in ways analogous to\nquasi-one-dimensional van der Waals materials.",
        "positive": "Scaling and correlation in financial data: The statistical properties of the increments x(t+T) - x(t) of a financial\ntime series depend on the time resolution T on which the increments are\nconsidered. A non-parametric approach is used to study the scale dependence of\nthe empirical distribution of the price increments x(t+T) - x(t) of S&P Index\nfutures, for time scales T, ranging from a few minutes to a few days using\nhigh-frequency price data. We show that while the variance increases linearly\nwith the timescale, the kurtosis exhibits anomalous scaling properties,\nindicating a departure from the iid hypothesis. Study of the dependence\nstructure of the increments shows that although the autocorrelation function\ndecays rapidly to zero in a few minutes, the correlation of their squares\nexhibits a slow power law decay with exponent 0.37, indicating persistence in\nthe scale of fluctuations. We establish a link between the scaling behavior and\nthe dependence structure of the increments : in particular, the anomalous\nscaling of kurtosis may be explained by \"long memory\" properties of the square\nof the increments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging in the transport on the corrugated ratchet potential: Under rapid undercooling, glass forming liquids freeze in an amorphous state\nthat can equilibrate only on enormously long time-scales, This is the\ncharacteristic sign of aging, which has been observed in a wide range of\nsystems. Brownian ratchet is a widely studied system that exhibits many types\nof anomalous dynamical behavior. We have investigated the possibility of aging\nin the collective motion of Brownian particles in a periodic ratchet potential\nwith quenched disorder. We find that when a slowly growing fraction of\nparticles are trapped for long time, the collective movement tends to become\nsuper-diffusive. The super-diffusive transport weakly breaks the ergodicity and\nthe time to cover the whole phase space become enormously long and reminiscent\nof aging behavior.",
        "positive": "Spin Resistivity in the Frustrated $J_1-J_2$ Model: We study in this paper the resistivity encountered by Ising itinerant spins\ntraveling in the so-called $J_1-J_2$ frustrated simple cubic Ising lattice. For\nthe lattice, we take into account the interactions between nearest-neighbors\nand next-nearest-neighbors, $J_1$ and $J_2$ respectively. Itinerant spins\ninteract with lattice spins via a distance-dependent interaction. We also take\ninto account an interaction between itinerant spins. The lattice is frustrated\nin a range of $J_2$ in which we show that it undergoes a very strong\nfirst-order transition. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we calculate the\nresistivity $\\rho$ of the itinerant spins and show that the first-order\ntransition of the lattice causes a discontinuity of $\\rho$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modified fluctuation-dissipation theorem near non-equilibrium states and\n  applications to the Glauber-Ising chain: In this paper, we present a general derivation of a modified\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem (MFDT) valid near an arbitrary non-stationary\nstate for a system obeying markovian dynamics. We show that the method to\nderive modified fluctuation-dissipation theorems near non-equilibrium\nstationary states used by J. Prost et al., PRL 103, 090601 (2009), is\ngeneralizable to non-stationary states. This result follows from both standard\nlinear response theory and from a transient fluctuation theorem, analogous to\nthe Hatano-Sasa relation. We show that this modified fluctuation-dissipation\ntheorem can be interpreted at the trajectory level using the notion of\nstochastic trajectory entropy, in a way which is similar to what has been done\nrecently in the case of MFDT near non-equilibrium steady states (NESS). We\nillustrate this framework with two solvable examples: the first example\ncorresponds to a brownian particle in an harmonic trap submitted to a quench of\ntemperature and to a time-dependent stiffness. The second example is a classic\nmodel of coarsening systems, namely the 1D Ising model with Glauber dynamics.",
        "positive": "Bethe Ansatz study of one-dimensional Bose and Fermi gases with periodic\n  and hard wall boundary conditions: We extend the exact periodic Bethe Ansatz solution for one-dimensional bosons\nand fermions with delta-interaction and arbitrary internal degrees of freedom\nto the case of hard wall boundary conditions. We give an analysis of the ground\nstate properties of fermionic systems with two internal degrees of freedom,\nincluding expansions of the ground state energy in the weak and strong coupling\nlimits in the repulsive and attractive regimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Necessary and sufficient conditions for time reversal symmetry in\n  presence of magnetic fields: Time reversal invariance (TRI) of particles systems has many consequences,\namong~which the celebrated Onsager reciprocal relations, a milestone in\nStatistical Mechanics dating back to 1931. Because for a long time it was\nbelieved that (TRI) dos not hold in presence of a magnetic field, a\nmodification of such relations was proposed by Casimir in 1945. Only in the\nlast decade, the~strict traditional notion of reversibility that led to\nCasimir's work has been questioned. It was then found that other symmetries can\nbe used, which allow the Onsager reciprocal relations to hold without\nmodification. In this paper we advance this investigation for classical\nHamiltonian systems, substantially increasing the number of symmetries that\nyield TRI in presence of a magnetic field. We~first deduce the most general\nform of a generalized time reversal operation on the phase space of such a\nsystem; secondly, we express sufficient conditions on the magnetic field which\nensure TRI. Finally, we examine common examples from statistical mechanics and\nmolecular dynamics. Our main result is that TRI holds in a much wider\ngenerality than previously believed, partially explaining why no experimental\nviolation of Onsager relations has so far been reported.",
        "positive": "Mutual thermal equilibrium in long-range Ising model using nonadditive\n  entropy: Mutual equilibrium in long-range interacting systems which involve\nnonadditive energy, is effectively described in terms of entropy with a\nnonadditive composition rule. As an example, long range Ising model is\nconsidered. The generality of the term having product of the system entropies\nis pointed out in this framework."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions and thermodynamic properties of antiferromagnetic\n  Ising model with next-nearest-neighbor interactions on the Kagome lattice: We study phase transitions and thermodynamic properties in the\ntwo-dimensional antiferromagnetic Ising model with next-nearest-neighbor\ninteraction on a Kagome lattice by Monte Carlo simulations. A histogram data\nanalysis shows that a second order transition occurs in the model. From the\nanalysis of obtained data, we can assume that next-nearest-neighbor\nferromagnetic interactions in two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Ising model on\na Kagome lattice excite the occurrence of a second order transition and unusual\nbehavior of thermodynamic properties on the temperature dependence.",
        "positive": "Multiple Choice Minority Game: Minority game is a model of heterogeneous players who think inductively. In\nthis game, each player chooses one out of two alternatives every turn and those\nwho end up in the minority side wins. It is instructive to extend the minority\ngame by allowing players to choose one out of many alternatives. Nevertheless,\nsuch an extension is not straight-forward due to the difficulties in finding a\nset of reasonable, unbiased and computationally feasible strategies. Here, we\npropose a variation of the minority game where every player has more than two\noptions. Results of numerical simulations agree with the expectation that our\nmultiple choices minority game exhibits similar behavior as the original\ntwo-choice minority game."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Equilibrium Steady State generated by a moving defect: the\n  supersonic threshold: We consider the dynamics of a system of free fermions on a 1D lattice in the\npresence of a defect moving at constant velocity. The defect has the form of a\nlocalized time-dependent variation of the chemical potential and induces at\nlong times a Non-Equilibrium Steady State (NESS), which spreads around the\ndefect. We present a general formulation which allows recasting the\ntime-dependent protocol in a scattering problem on a static potential. We\nobtain a complete characterization of the NESS. In particular, we show a strong\ndependence on the defect velocity and the existence of a sharp threshold when\nsuch velocity exceeds the speed of sound. Beyond this value, the NESS is not\nproduced and remarkably the defect travels without significantly perturbing the\nsystem. We present an exact solution for a $\\delta-$like defect traveling with\nan arbitrary velocity and we develop a semiclassical approximation which\nprovides accurate results for smooth defects.",
        "positive": "Time-reversal asymmetry in Cont-Bouchaud stock market model: The percolation model of stock market speculation allows an asymmetry (in the\nreturn distribution) leading to fast downward crashes and slow upward recovery.\nWe see more small upturns and more intermediate downturns."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Space-time velocity correlation function for random walks: Space-time correlation functions constitute a useful instrument from the\nresearch toolkit of continuous-media and many-body physics. We adopt here this\nconcept for single-particle random walks and demonstrate that the corresponding\nspace-time velocity auto-correlation functions reveal correlations which extend\nin time much longer than estimated with the commonly employed temporal\ncorrelation functions. A generic feature of considered random-walk processes is\nan effect of velocity echo identified by the existence of time-dependent\nregions where most of the walkers are moving in the direction opposite to their\ninitial motion. We discuss the relevance of the space-time velocity correlation\nfunctions for the experimental studies of cold atom dynamics in an optical\npotential and charge transport on micro- and nano-scales.",
        "positive": "Asymmetric simple exclusion process on the percolation cluster: Waiting\n  time distribution in side-branches: As the simplest model of interacting-particle transport in a randomly\ndisordered medium, we consider the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP)\nin which particles with hard-core interactions perform biased random walks, on\nthe supercritical percolation cluster. In this process, the long time\ntrajectory of a marked particle consists of steps on the backbone, punctuated\nby time spent in side-branches. We study the probability distribution in the\nsteady state of the waiting time $T_w$ of a randomly chosen particle, in a\nside-branch since its last step along the backbone. Exact numerical evaluation\nof this on a single side-branch of lengths $L= 1$ to $9$ show that for large\nfields, the probability distribution of $\\log T_w $ has multiple well separated\npeaks. We extend this result to a random comb, and to the ASEP on the\npercolation cluster. For the latter problem, we show that in the steady state,\nthe fractional number of particles that have been in the same side-branch for a\ntime interval greater than $T_w$ varies as $exp( - c \\sqrt{ln T_w})$ for large\n$T_w$, where $c$ depends only on the bias field. The system shows dynamical\nheterogeneity, with particles segregating into pockets of high and low\nmobilities. These long timescales are not reflected in the eigenvalue spectrum\nof the Markov evolution matrix."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Periodic One-Dimensional Hopping Model with one Mobile Directional\n  Impurity: Analytic solution is given in the steady state limit for the system of Master\nequations describing a random walk on one-dimensional periodic lattices with\narbitrary hopping rates containing one mobile, directional impurity (defect\nbond). Due to the defect, translational invariance is broken, even if all other\nrates are identical. The structure of Master equations lead naturally to the\nintroduction of a new entity, associated with the walker-impurity pair which we\ncall the quasi-walker. The velocities and diffusion constants for both the\nrandom walker and impurity are given, being simply related to that of the\nquasi-particle through physically meaningful equations. Applications in driven\ndiffusive systems are shown, and connections with the Duke-Rubinstein reptation\nmodels for gel electrophoresis are discussed.",
        "positive": "Generalized thermostatistics and Kolmogorov-Nagumo averages: We introduce a generalized thermostatistics based on Kolmogorov-Nagumo\naverages and appropriately selected information measures. The formalism\nincludes Tsallis non-extensive thermostatistics, but also extensive\nthermostatistics based on Renyi entropy. The Curie-Weiss model is discussed as\nan example."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy and information flows in autonomous systems: Multi-component molecular machines are ubiquitous in biology. We review\nrecent progress on describing their thermodynamic properties using autonomous\nbipartite Markovian dynamics. The first and second laws can be split into local\nversions applicable to each subsystem of a two-component system, illustrating\nthat one can not only resolve energy flows between the subsystems but also\ninformation flows quantifying how each subsystem's dynamics influence the joint\nsystem's entropy balance. Applying the framework to molecular-scale sensors\nallows one to derive tighter bounds on their energy requirement. Two-component\nstrongly coupled machines can be studied from a unifying perspective\nquantifying to what extent they operate conventionally by transducing power or\nlike an information engine by generating information flow to rectify thermal\nfluctuations into output power.",
        "positive": "Particle-number distribution in large fluctuations at the tip of\n  branching random walks: We investigate properties of the particle distribution near the tip of\none-dimensional branching random walks at large times $t$, focusing on unusual\nrealizations in which the rightmost lead particle is very far ahead of its\nexpected position - but still within a distance smaller than the diffusion\nradius $\\sim\\sqrt{t}$. Our approach consists in a study of the generating\nfunction $G_{\\Delta x}(\\lambda)=\\sum_n \\lambda^n p_n(\\Delta x)$ for the\nprobabilities $p_n(\\Delta x)$ of observing $n$ particles in an interval of\ngiven size $\\Delta x$ from the lead particle to its left, fixing the position\nof the latter. This generating function can be expressed with the help of\nfunctions solving the Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piscounov (FKPP) equation\nwith suitable initial conditions. In the infinite-time and large-$\\Delta x$\nlimits, we find that the mean number of particles in the interval grows\nexponentially with $\\Delta x$, and that the generating function obeys a\nnontrivial scaling law, depending on $\\Delta x$ and $\\lambda$ through the\ncombined variable $[\\Delta x-f(\\lambda)]^{3}/\\Delta x^2$, where\n$f(\\lambda)\\equiv -\\ln(1-\\lambda)-\\ln[-\\ln(1-\\lambda)]$. From this property,\none may conjecture that the growth of the typical particle number with the size\nof the interval is slower than exponential, but, surprisingly enough, only by a\nsubleading factor at large $\\Delta x$. The scaling we argue is consistent with\nresults from a numerical integration of the FKPP equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transition from quantum to classical Heisenberg trimers: Thermodynamics\n  and time correlation functions: We focus on the transition from quantum to classical behavior in\nthermodynamic functions and time correlation functions of a system consisting\nof three identical quantum spins s that interact via isotropic Heisenberg\nexchange. The partition function and the zero-field magnetic susceptibility are\nreadily shown to adopt their classical forms with increasing s. The behavior of\nthe spin autocorrelation function (ACF) is more subtle. Unlike the classical\nHeisenberg trimer where the ACF approaches a unique non-zero limit for long\ntimes, for the quantum trimer the ACF is periodic in time. We present exact\nvalues of the time average over one period of the quantum trimer for s less or\nequal 7 and for infinite temperature. These averages differ from the long-time\nlimit, (9/40)\\ln3+(7/30), of the corresponding classical trimer by terms of\norder 1/(s*s). However, upon applying the Levin u-sequence acceleration method\nto our quantum results we can reproduce the classical value to six significant\nfigures.",
        "positive": "Topological Sector Fluctuations and Curie Law Crossover in Spin Ice: At low temperatures, a spin ice enters a Coulomb phase - a state with\nalgebraic correlations and topologically constrained spin configurations. In\nHo2Ti2O7, we have observed experimentally that this process is accompanied by a\nnon-standard temperature evolution of the wave vector dependent magnetic\nsusceptibility, as measured by neutron scattering. Analytical and numerical\napproaches reveal signatures of a crossover between two Curie laws, one\ncharacterizing the high temperature paramagnetic regime, and the other the low\ntemperature topologically constrained regime, which we call the spin liquid\nCurie law. The theory is shown to be in excellent agreement with neutron\nscattering experiments. On a more general footing, i) the existence of two\nCurie laws appears to be a general property of the emergent gauge field for a\nclassical spin liquid, and ii) sheds light on the experimental difficulty of\nmeasuring a precise Curie-Weiss temperature in frustrated materials; iii) the\nmapping between gauge and spin degrees of freedom means that the susceptibility\nat finite wave vector can be used as a local probe of fluctuations among\ntopological sectors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Intermittency of velocity time increments in turbulence: We analyze the statistics of turbulent velocity fluctuations in the time\ndomain. Three cases are computed numerically and compared: (i) the time traces\nof Lagrangian fluid particles in a (3D) turbulent flow (referred to as the\n\"dynamic\" case); (ii) the time evolution of tracers advected by a frozen\nturbulent field (the \"static\" case), and (iii) the evolution in time of the\nvelocity recorded at a fixed location in an evolving Eulerian velocity field,\nas it would be measured by a local probe (referred to as the \"virtual probe\"\ncase). We observe that the static case and the virtual probe cases share many\nproperties with Eulerian velocity statistics. The dynamic (Lagrangian) case is\nclearly different; it bears the signature of the global dynamics of the flow.",
        "positive": "An information theory-based approach for optimal model reduction of\n  biomolecules: In the theoretical modelling of a physical system a crucial step consists in\nthe identification of those degrees of freedom that enable a synthetic, yet\ninformative representation of it. While in some cases this selection can be\ncarried out on the basis of intuition and experience, a straightforward\ndiscrimination of the important features from the negligible ones is difficult\nfor many complex systems, most notably heteropolymers and large biomolecules.\nWe here present a thermodynamics-based theoretical framework to gauge the\neffectiveness of a given simplified representation by measuring its information\ncontent. We employ this method to identify those reduced descriptions of\nproteins, in terms of a subset of their atoms, that retain the largest amount\nof information from the original model; we show that these highly informative\nrepresentations share common features that are intrinsically related to the\nbiological properties of the proteins under examination, thereby establishing a\nbridge between protein structure, energetics, and function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Presentation of structural properties of liquid cesium by applying\n  cohesive energy density of the liquid state: The structural property of liquid cesium is investigated in the temperature\nrange 900 K to 1900 K by application of semiempirical effective Lennard-Jones\n(8.5-4) pair potential function and employing Gillan s algorithm to solve\nPercus-Yevick equation. The potential function has been derived accurately by\napplication of cohesive energy density in a wide range of\npressure-density-temperature () data including data at the proximity of\nabsolute zero temperature. The method is very much responsive to the liquid\ndynamics and leads to indication of three distinct ranges of metal, nonmetal,\nand metal-nonmetal transition states. The resulted pair correlation functions\nare well compared with the reported experimental and first-principle molecular\ndynamic. The calculated coordination numbers in the liquid range are in\nagreement with experiment particularly at low temperatures, though it is\nsingular at about 1400 K. This observation is similar to the change from one\nliquid structure to another one and is verified by heights of the first peak of\nexperimental pair correlation function as a function of temperatures. At T=973\nK, the position of the first peak (r=7.27 A) is in agreement well with\nexperimental (r=5.31 A) and with the first-principle DFT molecular dynamics\n(r=5.24 A).",
        "positive": "State Variables and Constraints in Thermodynamics of Solids and Their\n  Implications: There is a common view in thermodynamics that the behavior of a macroscopic\nsystem can be described by only a few state variables. Although this is true\nfor many cases, it is unclear whether it is meaningful to ask how many state\nvariables are acceptable. This is indeed a problem when solids are investigated\nwithin the framework of thermodynamics, which is scarcely discussed in\ntextbooks. The present study gives an answer to this question: the mean values\nof all the atom positions of a given solid together with the internal energy\nconstitute a commensurate set of state variables (thermodynamic coordinates,\nTCs). The argument begins with constructing consistent definitions of\nequilibrium and TCs. TCs are created by the constraints which characterize the\nsystem under consideration. The values of TCs are uniquely determined in\nequilibrium and the mutual relationships between them constitute the\nfundamental relation of equilibrium (FRE). Specific heat can be deduced from\nthe FRE. Therefore, the TCs of a solid must be to give a full expression of the\nspecific heat in the entire range of temperature, from which the above\nconclusion is deduced. Contrary to the conventional view, an infinite number of\nthe atom positions and their microscopic characters do not conflict with the\nprinciples of thermodynamics. The most important requirement for TCs to meet is\nthe uniqueness of their values in equilibrium against random motions of the\nconstituent particles. This conclusion is compatible with the principle of\ninformation theory that the information needed to determine the probability\ndistribution of states is the expectation values of statistical variables. A\nfew working examples of TCs in solids are given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium large deviations are determined by equilibrium dynamics: We show that the large deviations of nonequilibrium systems are determined by\nthe fluctuations of associated equilibrium dynamics. In particular, this\nimplies that numerical calculations and experimental measurements of\nnonequilibrium fluctuations can be done at equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic Floquet states of a periodically driven spin-boson system in\n  the nonperturbative coupling regime: As a paradigmatic model of open quantum system, the spin-boson model is\nwidely used in theoretical and experimental investigations. Beyond the weak\ncoupling limit, the spin dynamics can be described by a time-nonlocal\ngeneralized master equation with a memory kernel accounting for the dissipative\neffects induced by the bosonic environment. When the spin is additionally\nmodulated by an external time-periodic electromagnetic field, the interplay\nbetween dissipation and modulations yields a spectrum of nontrivial asymptotic\nstates, especially in the regime of nonlinear response. Here we implement a\nmethod for the evaluation of Floquet dynamics in non-Markovian systems [L.\nMagazz\\`u et al., Phys. Rev. A 96, 042103 (2017)] to find these strongly\nnon-equilibrium states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy of rigid k-mers on a square lattice: Using the transfer matrix technique, we estimate the entropy for a gas of\nrods of sizes equal to k (named k-mers), which cover completely a square\nlattice. Our calculations were made considering three different constructions,\nusing periodical and helical boundary conditions. One of those constructions,\nwhich we call Profile Method, was based on the calculations performed by Dhar\nand Rajesh [Phys. Rev. E 103, 042130 (2021)] to obtain a lower limit to the\nentropy of very large chains placed on the square lattice. This method, so far\nas we know, was never used before to define the transfer matrix, but turned out\nto be very useful, since it produces matrices with smaller dimensions than\nthose obtained using other approaches. Our results were obtained for chain\nsizes ranging from k=2 to k=10 and they are compared with results already\navailable in the literature. In the case of dimers ($k=2$) our results are\ncompatible with the exact result, for trimers ($k=3$), recently investigated by\nGhosh et al [Phys. Rev. E 75, 011115 (2007)] also our results were compatible,\nthe same happening for the simulational estimates obtained by Pasinetti et al\n[Physical Review E 104, 054136 (2021)] in the whole range of rod sizes. Our\nresults are consistent with the asymptotic expression for the behavior of the\nentropy as a function of the size $k$, proposed by Dhar and Rajesh [Phys. Rev.\nE 103, 042130 (2021)] for very large rods (k>>1).",
        "positive": "An encounter-based approach to the escape problem: We revise the encounter-based approach to imperfect diffusion-controlled\nreactions, which employs the statistics of encounters between a diffusing\nparticle and the reactive region to implement surface reactions. We extend this\napproach to deal with a more general setting, in which the reactive region is\nsurrounded by a reflecting boundary with an escape region. We derive a spectral\nexpansion for the full propagator and investigate the behavior and\nprobabilistic interpretations of the associated probability flux density. In\nparticular, we obtain the joint probability density of the escape time and the\nnumber of encounters with the reactive region before escape, and the\nprobability density of the first-crossing time of a prescribed number of\nencounters. We briefly discuss generalizations of the conventional\nPoissonian-type surface reaction mechanism described by Robin boundary\ncondition and potential applications of this formalism in chemistry and\nbiophysics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalised four-point coupling constant in the three-dimensional O(N)\n  model with N=0: We simulate self-avoiding walks on a cubic lattice and determine the second\nvirial coefficient for walks of different lengths. This allows us to determine\nthe critical value of the renormalized four-point coupling constant in the\nthree-dimensional N-vector universality class for N=0. We obtain g* =\n1.4005(5), where g is normalized so that the three-dimensional\nfield-theoretical beta-function behaves as \\beta(g) = - g + g^2 for small g. As\na byproduct, we also obtain precise estimates of the interpenetration ratio\nPsi*, Psi* = 0.24685(11), and of the exponent \\nu, \\nu = 0.5876(2).",
        "positive": "On equilibrium charge distribution above dielectric surface: The problem of the equilibrium state of the charged many-particle system\nabove dielectric surface is formulated.We consider the case of the presence of\nthe external attractive pressing field and the case of its absence. The\nequilibrium distributions of charges and the electric field, which is generated\nby these charges in the system in the case of ideally plane dielectric surface,\nare obtained. The solution of electrostatic equations of the system under\nconsideration in case of small spatial heterogeneities caused by the dielectric\nsurface, is also obtained. These spatial inhomogeneities can be caused both by\nthe inhomogeneities of the surface and by the inhomogeneous charge distribution\nupon it. In particular, the case of the .wavy. spatially periodic surface is\nconsidered taking into account the possible presence of the surface charges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground state phase diagram of Gaussian-Core bosons in two dimensions: The ground state of a two-dimensional (2D) system of Bose particles of spin\nzero, interacting via a repulsive Gaussian-Core potential, has been\ninvestigated by means of Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The quantum phase\ndiagram is qualitatively identical to that of 2D Yukawa bosons. While the\nsystem is a fluid at all densities for weak coupling, in the strong coupling\nregime it transitions upon compression from a low density superfluid to a\ncrystal, and then into a reentrant superfluid phase. No evidence of a\n(supersolid) cluster crystal phase is seen.",
        "positive": "Semiflexible polymer on an anisotropic Bethe lattice: The mean square end-to-end distance of a N-step polymer on a Bethe lattice is\ncalculated. We consider semiflexible polymers placed on isotropic and\nanisotropic lattices. The distance on the Cayley tree is defined by embedding\nthe tree on a sufficiently high dimensional Euclidean space considering that\nevery bend of the polymer defines a direction orthogonal to all the previous\nones. In the isotropic case, the result obtained for the mean square end-to-end\ndistance turns out to be identical to the one obtained for ideal chains without\nimmediate returns on an hypercubic lattice with the same coordination number of\nthe Bethe lattice. For the general case, we obtain the asymptotic behavior in\nthe semiflexible and also in the almost rigid limits."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Functional Renormalization Group approach to the Kraichnan model: We study the anomalous scaling of the structure functions of a scalar field\nadvected by a random Gaussian velocity field, the Kraichnan model, by means of\nFunctional Renormalization Group techniques. We analyze the symmetries of the\nmodel and derive the leading correction to the structure functions considering\nthe renormalization of composite operators and applying the operator product\nexpansion.",
        "positive": "Application of exchange Monte Carlo method to ordering dynamics: We apply the exchange Monte Carlo method to the ordering dynamics of the\nthree-state Potts model with the conserved order parameter. Even for the deeply\nquenched case to low temperatures, we have observed a rapid domain growth; we\nhave proved the efficiency of the exchange Monte Carlo method for the ordering\nprocess. The late-stage growth law has been found to be $R(t) \\sim t^{1/3}$ for\nthe case of conserved order parameter of three-component system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sensitivity to initial conditions in coherent noise models: Sensitivity to initial conditions in the coherent noise model of biological\nevolution, introduced by Newman, is studied by making use of damage spreading\ntechnique. A power-law behavior has been observed, the associated exponent\n$\\alpha$ and the dynamical exponent $z$ are calculated. Using these values a\nclear data collapse has been obtained.",
        "positive": "Information measures for a local quantum phase transition: Lattice\n  fermions in a one-dimensional harmonic trap: We use quantum information measures to study the local quantum phase\ntransition that occurs for trapped spinless fermions in one-dimensional\nlattices. We focus on the case of a harmonic confinement. The transition occurs\nupon increasing the characteristic density and results in the formation of a\nband-insulating domain in the center of the trap. We show that the ground-state\nbipartite entanglement entropy can be used as an order parameter to\ncharacterize this local quantum phase transition. We also study excited\neigenstates by calculating the average von Neumann and second Renyi eigenstate\nentanglement entropies, and compare the results with the thermodynamic entropy\nand the mutual information of thermal states at the same energy density. While\nat low temperatures we observe a linear increase of the thermodynamic entropy\nwith temperature at all characteristic densities, the average eigenstate\nentanglement entropies exhibit a strikingly different behavior as functions of\ntemperature below and above the transition. They are linear in temperature\nbelow the transition but exhibit activated behavior above it. Hence, at\nnonvanishing energy densities above the ground state, the average eigenstate\nentanglement entropies carry fingerprints of the local quantum phase\ntransition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glass Polymorphism in TIP4P/2005 Water: A Description Based on the\n  Potential Energy Landscape Formalism: The potential energy landscape (PEL) formalism is a statistical mechanical\napproach to describe supercooled liquids and glasses. Here we use the PEL\nformalism to study the pressure-induced transformations between low-density\namorphous ice (LDA) and high-density amorphous ice (HDA) using computer\nsimulations of the TIP4P/2005 molecular model of water. We find that the\nproperties of the PEL sampled by the system during the LDA-HDA transformation\nexhibit anomalous behavior. In particular, at conditions where the change in\ndensity during the LDA-HDA transformation is approximately discontinuous,\nreminiscent of a first-order phase transition, we find that (i) the inherent\nstructure (IS) energy, $e_\\text{IS}(V)$, is a concave function of the volume,\nand (ii) the IS pressure, $P_\\text{IS}(V)$, exhibits a van der Waals-like loop.\nIn addition, the curvature of the PEL at the IS is anomalous, a non-monotonic\nfunction of $V$. In agreement with previous studies, our work suggests that\nconditions (i) and (ii) are necessary (but not sufficient) signatures of the\nPEL for the LDA-HDA transformation to be reminiscent of a first-order phase\ntransition. We also find that one can identify two different regions of the\nPEL, one associated to LDA and another to HDA. Our computer simulations are\nperformed using a wide range of compression/decompression and cooling rates. In\nparticular, our slowest cooling rate (0.01 K/ns) is within the experimental\nrates employed in hyperquenching experiments to produce LDA. Interestingly, the\nLDA-HDA transformation pressure that we obtain at $T=80$ K and at different\nrates extrapolates remarkably well to the corresponding experimental pressure.",
        "positive": "Anomalous spatial diffusion and multifractality in optical lattices: Transport of cold atoms in shallow optical lattices is characterized by slow,\nnonstationary momentum relaxation. We here develop a projector operator method\nable to derive in this case a generalized Smoluchowski equation for the\nposition variable. We show that this explicitly non-Markovian equation can be\nwritten as a systematic expansion involving higher-order derivatives. We use\nthe latter to compute arbitrary moments of the spatial distribution and analyze\ntheir multifractal properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiple frustration-induced plateaus in a magnetization process of the\n  mixed spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 Ising-Heisenberg diamond chain: Magnetization process of the mixed spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 Ising-Heisenberg\ndiamond chain is examined by combining three exact analytical techniques: Kambe\nprojection method, decoration-iteration transformation and transfer-matrix\nmethod. Multiple frustration-induced plateaus in a magnetization process of\nthis geometrically frustrated system are found provided that a relative ratio\nbetween the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg- and Ising-type interactions exceeds\nsome particular value. By contrast, there is just a single magnetization\nplateau if the frustrating Heisenberg interaction is sufficiently small\ncompared to the Ising one.",
        "positive": "Structure and dynamics of topological defects in a glassy liquid on a\n  negatively curved manifold: We study the low-temperature regime of an atomic liquid on the hyperbolic\nplane by means of molecular dynamics simulation and we compare the results to a\ncontinuum theory of defects in a negatively curved hexagonal background. In\nagreement with the theory and previous results on positively curved (spherical)\nsurfaces, we find that the atomic configurations consist of isolated defect\nstructures, dubbed \"grain boundary scars\", that form around an irreducible\ndensity of curvature-induced disclinations in an otherwise hexagonal\nbackground. We investigate the structure and the dynamics of these grain\nboundary scars."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shapes of a liquid droplet in a periodic box: Within the coexistence region between liquid and vapor the equilibrium\npressure of a simulated fluid exhibits characteristic jumps and plateaus when\nplotted as a function of density at constant temperature. These features\nexclusively pertain to a finite-size sample in a periodic box, as they are\nwashed out in the bulk limit. Below the critical density, at each pressure jump\nthe shape of the liquid drop undergoes a morphological transition, changing\nfrom spherical to cylindrical to slab-like as the density is increased. We\nformulate a simple theory of these shape transitions, which is adapted from a\ncalculation originally developed by Binder and coworkers [{\\em J. Chem. Phys.}\n{\\bf 120}, 5293 (2004)]. Our focus is on the pressure equation of state (rather\nthan on the chemical potential, as in the original work) and includes an\nextension to elongated boxes. Predictions based on this theory well agree with\nextensive Monte Carlo data for the cut-and-shifted Lennard-Jones fluid. We\nfurther discuss on the thermodynamic stability of liquid drops with shapes\nother than the three mentioned above, like those found deep inside the\nliquid-vapor region in simulations starting from scratch. Our theory classifies\nthese more elaborate shapes as metastable.",
        "positive": "Geometric explanation of anomalous finite-size scaling in high\n  dimensions: We give an intuitive geometric explanation for the apparent breakdown of\nstandard finite-size scaling in systems with periodic boundaries above the\nupper critical dimension. The Ising model and self-avoiding walk are simulated\non five-dimensional hypercubic lattices with free and periodic boundary\nconditions, by using geometric representations and recently introduced\nMarkov-chain Monte Carlo algorithms. We show that previously observed anomalous\nbehaviour for correlation functions, measured on the standard Euclidean scale,\ncan be removed by defining correlation functions on a scale which correctly\naccounts for windings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic thermodynamics with odd controlling parameters: Stochastic thermodynamics extends the notions and relations of classical\nthermodynamics to small systems that experience strong fluctuations. The\ndefinitions of work and heat and the microscopically reversible condition are\ntwo key concepts in the current framework of stochastic thermodynamics. Herein,\nwe apply stochastic thermodynamics to small systems with odd controlling\nparameters and find that the definition of heat and the microscopically\nreversible condition are incompatible. Such a contradiction also leads to a\nrevision to the fluctuation theorems and nonequilibrium work relations. By\nintroducing adjoint dynamics, we find that the total entropy production can be\nseparated into three parts, with two of them satisfying the integral\nfluctuation theorem. Revising the definitions of work and heat and the\nmicroscopically reversible condition allows us to derive two sets of modified\nnonequilibrium work relations, including the Jarzynski equality, the detailed\nCrooks work relation, and the integral Crooks work relation. We consider the\nstrategy of shortcuts to isothermality as an example and give a more\nsophisticated explanation for the Jarzynski-like equality derived from\nshortcuts to isothermality.",
        "positive": "Response Operators for Markov Processes in a Finite State Space: Radius\n  of Convergence and Link to the Response Theory for Axiom A Systems: Using straightforward linear algebra we derive response operators describing\nthe impact of small perturbations to finite state Markov processes. The results\ncan be used for studying empirically constructed - e.g. from observations or\nthrough coarse graining of model simulations - finite state approximation of\nstatistical mechanical systems. Recent results concerning the convergence of\nthe statistical properties of finite state Markov approximation of the full\nasymptotic dynamics on the SRB measure in the limit of finer and finer\npartitions of the phase space are suggestive of some degree of robustness of\nthe obtained results in the case of Axiom A system. Our findings give closed\nformulas for the linear and nonlinear response theory at all orders of\nperturbation and provide matrix expressions that can be directly implemented in\nany coding language, plus providing bounds on the radius of convergence of the\nperturbative theory. In particular, we relate the convergence of the response\ntheory to the rate of mixing of the unperturbed system. One can use the\nformulas obtained for finite state Markov processes to recover previous\nfindings obtained on the response of continuous time Axiom A dynamical systems\nto perturbations, by considering the generator of time evolution for the\nmeasure and for the observables. A very basic, low-tech, and computationally\ncheap analysis of the response of the Lorenz '63 model to perturbations\nprovides rather encouraging results regarding the possibility of using the\napproximate representation given by finite state Markov processes to compute\nthe system's response."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cusps, self-organization, and absorbing states: Elastic interfaces embedded in (quenched) random media exhibit meta-stability\nand stick-slip dynamics. These non-trivial dynamical features have been shown\nto be associated with cusp singularities of the coarse-grained disorder\ncorrelator. Here we show that annealed systems with many absorbing states and a\nconservation law but no quenched disorder exhibit identical cusps. On the other\nhand, similar non-conserved systems in the directed percolation class, are also\nshown to exhibit cusps, but of a different type. These results are obtained\nboth by a recent method to explicitly measure disorder correlators and by\ndefining an alternative new protocol, inspired by self-organized criticality,\nwhich opens the door to easily accessible experimental realizations.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of Uncertainty in Nonequilibrium Random Motion: Shannon information entropy is a natural measure of probability\n(de)localization and thus (un)predictability in various procedures of data\nanalysis for model systems. We pay particular attention to links between the\nShannon entropy and the related Fisher information notion, which jointly\naccount for the shape and extension of continuous probability distributions.\nClassical, dynamical and random systems in general give rise to time-dependent\nprobability densities and associated information measures. The induced dynamics\nof Shannon and Fisher functionals reveals an interplay among various\ncharacteristics of the considered diffusion-type systems: information,\nuncertainty and localization while put against mean energy and its balance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical features of systems driven by non-Gaussian processes: theory\n  & practice: Nowadays many tools, e.g. fluctuation relations, are available to\ncharacterize the statistical properties of non-equilibrium systems. However,\nmost of these tools rely on the assumption that the driving noise is normally\ndistributed. Here we consider a class of Markov processes described by Langevin\nequations driven by a mixture of Gaussian and Poissonian noises, focusing on\ntheir non-equilibrium properties. In particular, we prove that detailed balance\ndoes not hold even when correlation functions are symmetric under time\nreversal. In such cases, a breakdown of the time reversal symmetry can be\nhighlighted by considering higher order correlation functions. Furthermore, the\nentropy production may be different from zero even for vanishing currents. We\nprovide analytical expressions for the average entropy production rate in\nseveral cases. We also introduce a scale dependent estimate for entropy\nproduction, suitable for inference from experimental signals. The empirical\nentropy production allows us to discuss the role of spatial and temporal\nresolutions in characterizing non-equilibrium features. Finally, we revisit the\nBrownian gyrator introducing an additional Poissonian noise showing that it\nbehaves as a two dimensional linear ratchet. It has also the property that when\nOnsager relations are satisfied its entropy production is positive although it\nis minimal. We conclude discussing estimates of entropy production for\npartially accessible systems, comparing our results with the lower bound\nprovided by the thermodynamic uncertainty relations.",
        "positive": "Extreme value statistics of positive recurrent centrally biased random\n  walks: We consider the extreme value statistics of centrally-biased random walks\nwith asymptotically-zero drift in the ergodic regime. We fully characterize the\nasymptotic distribution of the maximum for this class of Markov chains lacking\ntranslational invariance, with a particular emphasis on the relation between\nthe time scaling of the expected value of the maximum and the stationary\ndistribution of the process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mesoscopic description of the adiabatic piston: kinetic equations and\n  $\\mathcal H$-theorem: The adiabatic piston problem is solved at the mesoscale using a Kinetic\nTheory approach. The problem is to determine the evolution towards equilibrium\nof two gases separated by a wall with only one degree of freedom (the adiabatic\npiston). A closed system of equations for the distribution functions of the\ngases conditioned to a position of the piston and the distribution function of\nthe piston is derived from the Liouville equation, under the assumption of a\ngeneralized molecular chaos. It is shown that the resulting kinetic description\nhas the canonical equilibrium as a steady-state solution. Moreover, the\nBoltzmann entropy, which includes the motion of the piston, verifies the\n$\\mathcal H$-theorem. The results are generalized to any short-ranged repulsive\npotentials among particles and include the ideal gas as a limiting case.",
        "positive": "SLE with Jumps and Conformal Null Vectors: Ordinary SLE$_{k}$ is defined using a Wiener noise and is related to CFT's\nwhich have null vector at level two of conformal tower. In this paper we\nintroduce stochastic variables which are made up of jumps and extend the\nordinary SLE to have such stochastic variables. The extended SLE can be related\nto CFT's which have null vectors in higher levels of Virasoro module."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Observation of Phase Separation in a Strongly-Interacting Imbalanced\n  Fermi Gas: We have observed phase separation between the superfluid and the normal\ncomponent in a strongly interacting Fermi gas with imbalanced spin populations.\nThe in situ distribution of the density difference between two trapped spin\ncomponents is obtained using phase-contrast imaging and 3D image\nreconstruction. A shell structure is clearly identified where the superfluid\nregion of equal densities is surrounded by a normal gas of unequal densities.\nThe phase transition induces a dramatic change in the density profiles as\nexcess fermions are expelled from the superfluid.",
        "positive": "Exact theory of intermediate phases in two dimensions: We show how field theory yields the exact description of intermediate phases\nin the scaling limit of two-dimensional statistical systems at a first order\nphase transition point. The ability of a third phase to form an intermediate\nwetting layer or only isolated bubbles is explicitly related to the spectrum of\nexcitations of the field theory. The order parameter profiles are determined\nand interface properties such as passage probabilities and internal structure\nare deduced from them. The theory is illustrated through the application to the\nq-state Potts model and Ashkin-Teller model. The latter is shown to provide the\nfirst exact solution of a bulk wetting transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonextensivity: from low-dimensional maps to Hamiltonian systems: We present a brief pedagogical guided tour of the most recent applications of\nnextensive statistical mechanics to well defined nonlinear dynamical systems,\nranging from one-dimensional dissipative maps to many-body Hamiltonian systems.",
        "positive": "Violation of the Einstein relation in Granular Fluids: the role of\n  correlations: We study the linear response in different models of driven granular gases. In\nsome situations, even if the the velocity statistics can be strongly\nnon-Gaussian, we do not observe appreciable violations of the Einstein formula\nfor diffusion versus mobility. The situation changes when strong correlations\nbetween velocities and density are present: in this case, although a form of\nfluctuation-dissipation relation holds, the differential velocity response of a\nparticle and its velocity self-correlation are no more proportional. This\nhappens at high densities and strong inelasticities, but still in the\nfluid-like (and ergodic) regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A new one parameter deformation of the exponential function: Recently, in the ref. Physica A \\bfm{296} 405 (2001), a new one parameter\ndeformation for the exponential function $\\exp_{_{\\{{\\scriptstyle\n\\kappa}\\}}}(x)= (\\sqrt{1+\\kappa^2x^2}+\\kappa x)^{1/\\kappa};\n\\exp_{_{\\{{\\scriptstyle 0}\\}}}(x)=\\exp (x)$, which presents a power law\nasymptotic behaviour, has been proposed. The statistical distribution\n$f=Z^{-1}\\exp_{_{\\{{\\scriptstyle \\kappa}\\}}}[-\\beta(E-\\mu)]$, has been obtained\nboth as stable stationary state of a proper non linear kinetics and as the\nstate which maximizes a new entropic form. In the present contribution,\nstarting from the $\\kappa$-algebra and after introducing the $\\kappa$-analysis,\nwe obtain the $\\kappa$-exponential $\\exp_{_{\\{{\\scriptstyle \\kappa}\\}}}(x)$ as\nthe eigenstate of the $\\kappa$-derivative and study its main mathematical\nproperties.",
        "positive": "Reactions, Diffusion and Volume Exclusion in a Heterogeneous System of\n  Interacting Particles: Complex biological and physical transport processes are often described\nthrough systems of interacting particles. Excluded-volume effects on these\ntransport processes are well studied, however the interplay between volume\nexclusion and reactions between heterogenous particles is less well known. In\nthis paper we develop a novel framework for modeling reaction-diffusion\nprocesses which directly incorporates volume exclusion. From an off-lattice\nmicroscopic individual based model we use the Fokker--Planck equation and the\nmethod of matched asymptotic expansions to derive a low-dimensional macroscopic\nsystem of nonlinear partial differential equations describing the evolution of\nthe particles. A biologically motivated, hybrid model of chemotaxis with volume\nexclusion is explored, where reactions occur at rates dependent upon the\nchemotactic environment. Further, we show that for reactions due to contact\ninteractions the appropriate reaction term in the macroscopic model is of lower\norder in the asymptotic expansion than the nonlinear diffusion term. However,\nwe find that the next reaction term in the expansion is needed to ensure good\nagreement with simulations of the microscopic model. Our macroscopic model\nallows for more direct parameterization to experimental data than the models\navailable to date."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean Field in Long-Range Ferromagnets and Periodic Boundary Conditions: Periodic boundary conditions are applied to a ferromagnetic spin lattice. A\nsymmetrical lattice and its contributions all over space are being used.\nResults, for the Ising model with ferromagnetic interaction that decays as a\n$1/r^{D+\\nu}$ law, are discussed in the mean field approximation",
        "positive": "Stars and statistical physics: a teaching experience: The physics of stars, their workings and their evolution, is a goldmine of\nproblems in statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. We discuss many examples\nthat illustrate the possibility of deepening student's knowledge of statistical\nmechanics by an introductory study of stars. The matter constituting the\nvarious stellar objects provides examples of equations of state for classical\nor quantal and relativistic or non-relativistic gases. Maximum entropy can be\nused to characterize thermodynamic and gravitational equilibrium which\ndetermines the structure of stars and predicts their instability above a\ncertain mass. Contraction accompanying radiation induces either heating or\ncooling, which explains the formation of stars above a minimum mass. The\ncharacteristics of the emitted light are understood from black-body radiation\nand more precisely from the Boltzmann-Lorentz kinetic equation for photons. The\nluminosity is governed by the transport of heat by photons from the center to\nthe surface. Heat production by thermonuclear fusion is determined by\nmicroscopic balance equations. The stability of the steady state of stars is\ncontrolled by the interplay of thermodynamics and gravitation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic uncertainty relations: Bohr and Heisenberg suggested that the thermodynamical quantities of\ntemperature and energy are complementary in the same way as position and\nmomentum in quantum mechanics. Roughly speaking, their idea was that a definite\ntemperature can be attributed to a system only if it is submerged in a heat\nbath, in which case energy fluctuations are unavoidable. On the other hand, a\ndefinite energy can only be assigned to systems in thermal isolation, thus\nexcluding the simultaneous determination of its temperature.\n  Rosenfeld extended this analogy with quantum mechanics and obtained a\nquantitative uncertainty relation in the form (Delta U) (Delta (1/T)) >= k\nwhere k is Boltzmann's constant. The two `extreme' cases of this relation would\nthen characterize this complementarity between isolation (U definite) and\ncontact with a heat bath (T definite). Other formulations of the\nthermodynamical uncertainty relations were proposed by Mandelbrot (1956, 1989),\nLindhard (1986) and Lavenda (1987, 1991). This work, however, has not led to a\nconsensus in the literature.\n  It is shown here that the uncertainty relation for temperature and energy in\nthe version of Mandelbrot is indeed exactly analogous to modern formulations of\nthe quantum mechanical uncertainty relations. However, his relation holds only\nfor the canonical distribution, describing a system in contact with a heat\nbath. There is, therefore, no complementarity between this situation and a\nthermally isolated system.",
        "positive": "Random Walk on Lattices: Graph Theoretic Approach to Modeling\n  Epitaxially Grown Thin Film: Immense interests in thin-film fabrication for industrial applications have\ndriven both theoretical and computational aspects of modeling its growth with\nan aim to design and control film's surface morphology. Oftentimes, smooth\nsurface is desirable and is experimentally achievable via molecular-beam\nepitaxy (MBE) growth technique with exceptionally low deposition flux. Adatoms\non the film grown with such a method tend to have large diffusion length which\ncan be computationally very costly when certain statistical aspects are\ndemanded. We present a graph theoretic approach to modeling MBE grown thin film\nwith long atomic mean free path. Using Markovian assumption and given a local\ndiffusion bias, we derive the transition probabilities for a random walker to\ntraverse from one lattice site to the others after a large, possibly infinite,\nnumber of hopping steps. Only computation with linear-time complexity is\nrequired for the surface morphology calculation without other probabilistic\nmeasures. The formalism is applied to simulate thin film growth on a\ntwo-dimensional flat substrate and around a screw dislocation under the\nmodified Wolf--Villain diffusion rule. A rectangular spiral ridge is observed\nin the latter case with a smooth front feature similar to that obtained from\nsimulations using the well-known multiple registration technique. An algorithm\nto compute the inverse of a class of sub-stochastic matrices is derived as a\ncorollary."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of the reaction-diffusion system $A + B \\to 0 $ with input of\n  particles: We study dynamics of filling of an initially empty finite medium by diffusing\nparticles $A$ and $B$, which arise on the surface upon dissociation of $AB$\nmolecules, impinging on it with a fixed flux density $I$, and desorb from it by\nthe reaction $A + B\\to AB\\to 0$. We show that once the bulk diffusivities\ndiffer ($p=D_{A}/D_{B}<1$), there exists a critical flux density $I_{c}(p)$,\nabove which the relaxation dynamics to the steady state is qualitatively\nchanged: on time dependencies of $c_{As}/c_{e}$ ($c_{e}$ being the steady state\nconcentration at $t\\to \\infty$) a maximum appears, the amplitude of which grows\nboth with $I$ and with $D_{B}/D_{A}$ ratio. In the diffusion-controlled limit\n$I \\gg I_{c}$ at $p \\ll 1$ the reaction \"selects\" the {\\it universal laws} for\nthe particles number growth ${\\cal N}_{A}={\\cal N}_{B}\\propto t^{1/4}$ and the\nevolution of the surface concentrations $c_{As}\\propto t^{-1/4},c_{Bs}\\propto\nt^{1/4}$, which are approached by one of the {\\it two characteristic regimes}\nwith the corresponding hierarchy of the intermediate power-law asymptotics. In\nthe first of these $c_{As}$ goes through a comparatively {\\it sharp}\nmax$(c_{As}/c_{e})\\propto I^{1/6}$, the amplitude of which is $p$-independent,\nin the second one $c_{As}$ goes through a {\\itplateau-like}\nmax$(c_{As}/c_{e})\\propto p^{-1/4}$, the amplitude of which is $I$-independent.\nWe demonstrate that on the main filling stage the evolution of the ${\\cal\nN}(t)/{\\cal N}_{e}, c_{As}(t)/c_{e},$ and $c_{Bs}(t)/c_{e}$ trajectories with\nchanging $p$ or $J$ between the limiting regimes is unambiguously defined by\nthe value of the scaling parameter ${\\cal K}=p^{3/2}J$ ($J$ being the reduced\nflux density) and is described by the set of {\\it scaling laws}, which we study\nin detail analytically and numerically.",
        "positive": "The Levy diffusion as an effect of sporadic randomness: The Levy diffusion processes are a form of non ordinary statistical mechanics\nresting, however, on the conventional\n  Markov property. As a consequence of this, their dynamic derivation is\npossible provided that (i) a source of randomness is present in the\ncorresponding microscopic dynamics and (ii) that the consequent process of\nmemory erasure is properly taken into account by the theoretical treatment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unraveling PXP Many-Body Scars through Floquet Dynamics: Quantum scars are special eigenstates of many-body systems that evade\nthermalization. They were first discovered in the PXP model, a well-known\neffective description of Rydberg atom arrays. Despite significant theoretical\nefforts, the fundamental origin of PXP scars remains elusive. By investigating\nthe discretized dynamics of the PXP model as a function of the Trotter step\n$\\tau$, we uncover a remarkable correspondence between the zero- and\ntwo-particle eigenstates of the integrable Floquet-PXP cellular automaton at\n$\\tau=\\pi/2$ and the PXP many-body scars of the time-continuous limit.\nSpecifically, we demonstrate that PXP scars are adiabatically connected to the\neigenstates of the $\\tau=\\pi/2$ Floquet operator. Building on this result, we\npropose a protocol for achieving high-fidelity preparation of PXP scars in\nRydberg atom experiments.",
        "positive": "Direct evaluation of dynamical large-deviation rate functions using a\n  variational ansatz: We describe a simple form of importance sampling designed to bound and\ncompute large-deviation rate functions for time-extensive dynamical observables\nin continuous-time Markov chains. We start with a model, defined by a set of\nrates, and a time-extensive dynamical observable. We construct a reference\nmodel, a variational ansatz for the behavior of the original model conditioned\non atypical values of the observable. Direct simulation of the reference model\nprovides an upper bound on the large-deviation rate function associated with\nthe original model, an estimate of the tightness of the bound, and, if the\nansatz is chosen well, the exact rate function. The exact rare behavior of the\noriginal model does not need to be known in advance. We use this method to\ncalculate rate functions for currents and counting observables in a set of\nnetwork- and lattice models taken from the literature. Straightforward ansatze\nyield bounds that are tighter than bounds obtained from Level 2.5 of large\ndeviations via approximations that involve uniform scalings of rates. We show\nhow to correct these bounds in order to recover the rate functions exactly. Our\napproach is complementary to more specialized methods, and offers a physically\ntransparent framework for approximating and calculating the likelihood of\ndynamical large deviations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rapid sympathetic cooling to Fermi degeneracy on a chip: Neutral fermions present new opportunities for testing many-body condensed\nmatter systems, realizing precision atom interferometry, producing ultra-cold\nmolecules, and investigating fundamental forces. However, since their first\nobservation, quantum degenerate Fermi gases (DFGs) have continued to be\nchallenging to produce, and have been realized in only a handful of\nlaboratories. In this Letter, we report the production of a DFG using a simple\napparatus based on a microfabricated magnetic trap. Similar approaches applied\nto Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) of 87Rb have accelerated evaporative\ncooling and eliminated the need for multiple vacuum chambers. We demonstrate\nsympathetic cooling for the first time in a microtrap, and cool 40K to Fermi\ndegeneracy in just six seconds -- faster than has been possible in conventional\nmagnetic traps. To understand our sympathetic cooling trajectory, we measure\nthe temperature dependence of the 40K-87Rb cross-section and observe its\nRamsauer-Townsend reduction.",
        "positive": "Finite-size localization scenarios in condensation transitions: We consider the phenomenon of condensation of a globally conserved quantity\n$H=\\sum_{i=1}^N \\epsilon_i$ distributed on $N$ sites, occurring when the\ndensity $h= H/N$ exceeds a critical density $h_c$. We numerically study the\ndependence of the participation ratio $Y_2=\\langle \\epsilon_i^2\\rangle/(Nh^2)$\non the size $N$ of the system and on the control parameter $\\delta = (h-h_c)$,\nfor various models: (i)~a model with two conservation laws, derived from the\nDiscrete NonLinear Schr\\\"odinger equation; (ii)~the continuous version of the\nZero Range Process class, for different forms of the function $f(\\epsilon)$\ndefining the factorized steady state. Our results show that various\nlocalization scenarios may appear for finite $N$ and close to the transition\npoint. These scenarios are characterized by the presence or the absence of a\nminimum of $Y_2$ when plotted against $N$ and by an exponent $\\gamma\\geq 2$\ndefined through the relation $N^* \\simeq \\delta^{-\\gamma}$, where $N^*$\nseparates the delocalized region ($N\\ll N^*$, $Y_2$ vanishes with increasing\n$N$) from the localized region ($N\\gg N^*$, $Y_2$ is approximately constant).\nWe finally compare our results with the structure of the condensate obtained\nthrough the single-site marginal distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Convergent Approximation for the 2-Body Correlation Function in an\n  Interface: A convergent approximation is proposed for a mean field density-density\ncorrelation function in a system with a two-phase interface. It is based on a\nfourth-order expansion of the Hamiltonian in terms of fluctuations around the\nequilibrium profile. The approach is illustrated by one and three dimensional\ncalculations for systems characterized by the Ginzburg-Landau functional.",
        "positive": "Critical Behaviour of Mixed Heisenberg Chains: The critical behaviour of anisotropic Heisenberg models with two kinds of\nantiferromagnetically exchange-coupled centers are studied numerically by using\nfinite-size calculations and conformal invariance. These models exhibit the\ninteresting property of ferrimagnetism instead of antiferromagnetism. Most of\nour results are centered in the mixed Heisenberg chain where we have at even\n(odd) sites a spin-S (S') SU(2) operator interacting with a XXZ like\ninteraction (anisotropy $\\Delta$). Our results indicate universal properties\nfor all these chains. The whole phase, $1>\\Delta>-1$, where the models change\nfrom ferromagnetic $( \\Delta=1 )$ to ferrimagnetic $(\\Delta=-1)$ behaviour is\ncritical. Along this phase the critical fluctuations are ruled by a c=1\nconformal field theory of Gaussian type. The conformal dimensions and critical\nexponents, along this phase, are calculated by studying these models with\nseveral boundary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat release by controlled continuous-time Markov jump processes: We derive the equations governing the protocols minimizing the heat released\nby a continuous-time Markov jump process on a one-dimensional countable state\nspace during a transition between assigned initial and final probability\ndistributions in a finite time horizon. In particular, we identify the\nhypotheses on the transition rates under which the optimal control strategy and\nthe probability distribution of the Markov jump problem obey a system of\ndifferential equations of Hamilton-Bellman-Jacobi-type. As the state-space mesh\ntends to zero, these equations converge to those satisfied by the diffusion\nprocess minimizing the heat released in the Langevin formulation of the same\nproblem. We also show that in full analogy with the continuum case, heat\nminimization is equivalent to entropy production minimization. Thus, our\nresults may be interpreted as a refined version of the second law of\nthermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Equation of motion for density distribution of many circling particles\n  with an overdamped circle center: We first established the dynamic equations to describe the noisy circling\nmotion of a single particle and the corresponding probability conservation\nequation in both two dimensions and three dimensions, and then developed the\nevolution equation of density distribution of many circling particles with\noverdamped circle center. For many circling particle system without any\nexternal force, the density gradient in one direction can induce a flow\nperpendicular to this direction. While for single circling particle, similar\nphenomena occurs only for non-zero external force. We performed numerical\nevolution of the density distribution of many circling particles, the density\ndistribution behaves as a decaying Gaussian distribution propagating along the\nchannel. We computed the particle flow field and the effective force field.\nVortex shows up in the high density region. The force field drive particles to\nthe transverse direction perpendicular to the density gradient.\n  We applied this non-equilibrium evolution equation to understand the\ndiffusion phenomena of many sperms(J. Exp. Biol. 210, 3805-3820). Numerical\nevolution gave us similar density distribution as experimental measurement. The\ntransverse flow we predicted provide a theoretical understanding to the bias\nconcentration of many sperms(J. Exp. Biol. 210. 3805-3820)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vortex states in binary mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates: The vortex configurations in the Bose-Einstein condensate of the mixture of\ntwo different spin states |F=1,m_f=-1> and |2,1> of ^{87}Rb atoms corresponding\nto the recent experiments by Matthews et. al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2498\n(1999)) are considered in the framework of the Thomas-Fermi approximation as\nfunctions of N_2/N_1, where N_1 is the number of atoms in the state |1,-1> and\nN_2 - in the state |2,1>. It is shown that for nonrotating condensates the\nconfiguration with the |1,-1> fluid forming the shell about the |2,1> fluid\n(configuration \"a\") has lower energy than the opposite configuration\n(configuration \"b\") for all values of N_2/N_1. When the |1,-1> fluid has net\nangular momentum and forms an equatorial ring around the resting central\ncondensate |2,1>, the total energy of the system is higher than the ground\nenergy, but the configuration \"a\" has lower energy than the configuration \"b\"\nfor all N_2/N_1. On the other hand, when the |2> fluid has the net angular\nmomentum, for the lowest value of the angular momentum \\hbar l (l=1) there is\nthe range of the ratio N_2/N_1 where the configuration \"b\" has lower energy\nthan the configuration \"a\". For higher values of the angular momentum the\nconfiguration \"b\" is stable for all values of N_2/N_1.",
        "positive": "Diffusion in jammed particle packs: Using random walk simulations we explore diffusive transport through\nmonodisperse sphere packings over a range of packing fractions, $\\phi$, in the\nvicinity of the jamming transition at $\\phi_{c}$. Various diffusion properties\nare computed over several orders of magnitude in both time and packing\npressure. Two well-separated regimes of normal, \"Fickian\" diffusion, where the\nmean squared displacement is linear in time, are observed. The first\ncorresponds to diffusion inside individual spheres, while the latter is the\nlong-time bulk diffusion. The intermediate anomalous diffusion regime and the\nlong-time value of the diffusion coefficient are both shown to be controlled by\nparticle contacts, which in turn depend on proximity to $\\phi_{c}$. The time\nrequired to recover normal diffusion $t^*$ scales as $(\\phi-\\phi_c)^{-0.5}$ and\nthe long-time diffusivity $D_\\infty \\sim (\\phi - \\phi_c)^{0.5}$, or $D_\\infty\n\\sim 1/t^*$. It is shown that the distribution of mean first passage times\nassociated with the escape of random walkers between neighboring particles\ncontrols both $t^*$ and $D_\\infty$ in the limit $\\phi \\rightarrow \\phi_c$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Invertible mappings and the large deviation theory for the $q$-maximum\n  entropy principle: The possibility of reconciliation between canonical probability distributions\nobtained from the $q$-maximum entropy principle with predictions from the law\nof large numbers when empirical samples are held to the same constraints, is\ninvestigated into. Canonical probability distributions are constrained by both:\n$(i)$ the additive duality of generalized statistics and $(ii)$ normal averages\nexpectations. Necessary conditions to establish such a reconciliation are\nderived by appealing to a result concerning large deviation properties of\nconditional measures. The (dual) $q^*$-maximum entropy principle is shown {\\bf\nnot} to adhere to the large deviation theory. However, the necessary conditions\nare proven to constitute an invertible mapping between: $(i)$ a canonical\nensemble satisfying the $q^*$-maximum entropy principle for energy-eigenvalues\n$\\varepsilon_i^*$, and, $(ii)$ a canonical ensemble satisfying the\nShannon-Jaynes maximum entropy theory for energy-eigenvalues $\\varepsilon_i$.\nSuch an invertible mapping is demonstrated to facilitate an \\emph{implicit}\nreconciliation between the $q^*$-maximum entropy principle and the large\ndeviation theory. Numerical examples for exemplary cases are provided.",
        "positive": "General properties of nonlinear mean field Fokker-Planck equations: Recently, several authors have tried to extend the usual concepts of\nthermodynamics and kinetic theory in order to deal with distributions that can\nbe non-Boltzmannian. For dissipative systems described by the canonical\nensemble, this leads to the notion of nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation (T.D.\nFrank, Non Linear Fokker-Planck Equations, Springer, Berlin, 2005). In this\npaper, we review general properties of nonlinear mean field Fokker-Planck\nequations, consider the passage from the generalized Kramers to the generalized\nSmoluchowski equation in the strong friction limit, and provide explicit\nexamples for Boltzmann, Tsallis and Fermi-Dirac entropies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo simulation of spin models with long-range interactions: An efficient Monte Carlo algorithm for the simulation of spin models with\nlong-range interactions is discussed. Its central feature is that the number of\noperations required to flip a spin is independent of the number of interactions\nbetween this spin and the other spins in the system. In addition, critical\nslowing down is strongly suppressed. In order to illustrate the range of\napplicability of the algorithm, two specific examples are presented. First,\nsome aspects of the Kosterlitz--Thouless transition in the one-dimensional\nIsing chain with inverse-square interactions are calculated. Secondly, the\ncrossover from Ising-like to classical critical behavior in two-dimensional\nsystems is studied for several different interaction profiles.",
        "positive": "Hamiltonian truncation approach to quenches in the Ising field theory: In contrast to lattice systems where powerful numerical techniques such as\nmatrix product state based methods are available to study the non-equilibrium\ndynamics, the non-equilibrium behaviour of continuum systems is much harder to\nsimulate. We demonstrate here that Hamiltonian truncation methods can be\nefficiently applied to this problem, by studying the quantum quench dynamics of\nthe 1+1 dimensional Ising field theory using a truncated free fermionic space\napproach. After benchmarking the method with integrable quenches corresponding\nto changing the mass in a free Majorana fermion field theory, we study the\neffect of an integrability breaking perturbation by the longitudinal magnetic\nfield. In both the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases of the model we find\npersistent oscillations with frequencies set by the low-lying particle\nexcitations not only for small, but even for moderate size quenches. In the\nferromagnetic phase these particles are the various non-perturbative confined\nbound states of the domain wall excitations, while in the paramagnetic phase\nthe single magnon excitation governs the dynamics, allowing us to capture the\ntime evolution of the magnetisation using a combination of known results from\nperturbation theory and form factor based methods. We point out that the\ndominance of low lying excitations allows for the numerical or experimental\ndetermination of the mass spectra through the study of the quench dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamic modeling of the\n  far-from-equilibrium interactions between nonequilibrium systems of\n  indistinguishable particle ensembles: This paper presents a nonequilibrium, first-principles,\nthermodynamic-ensemble based model for the relaxation process of interacting\nnon-equilibrium systems. This model is formulated using steepest-entropy-ascent\nquantum thermodynamics (SEAQT) and its equation of motion for a grand canonical\nensemble and is applied to a many particle system of classical or\nindistinguishable particles. Two kinds of interactions are discussed, including\npure heat diffusion and heat and mass diffusion together. Since no local\nequilibrium assumption is made, the conjugate fluxes and forces are intrinsic\nto the subspaces of the state space of one system and/or of the state space of\nthe two interacting systems. They are derived via the concepts of\nhypoequilibrium state and nonequilibrium intensive properties, which describe\nthe nonmutual equilibrium status between subspaces of the thermodynamic state\nspace of a single system and/or of the state space of the two interacting\nsystems. The Onsager relations are shown to be thermodynamic kinematic features\nof the system and are found without knowledge of the detailed mechanics of the\ndynamic process. A fundamental thermodynamic explanation for the measurement of\neach intensive property of a system in a nonequilibrium state is given. The\nfundamental thermodynamic definition of reservoir is also discussed. Finally,\nthe equation of motion for a system undergoing multiple interactions is\nprovided, which permits the modeling of a network of local systems in\nnonequilibrium at any spatial and temporal scale.",
        "positive": "Change of Scaling and Appearance of Scale-Free Size Distribution in\n  Aggregation Kinetics by Additive Rules: The idealized general model of aggregate growth is considered on the basis of\nthe simple additive rules that correspond to one-step aggregation process. The\ntwo idealized cases were analytically investigated and simulated by Monte Carlo\nmethod in the Desktop Grid distributed computing environment to analyze\n\"pile-up\" and \"wall\" cluster distributions in different aggregation scenarios.\nSeveral aspects of aggregation kinetics (change of scaling, change of size\ndistribution type, and appearance of scale-free size distribution) driven by\n\"zero cluster size\" boundary condition were determined by analysis of evolving\ncumulative distribution functions. The \"pile-up\" case with a \\textit{minimum}\nactive surface (singularity) could imitate piling up aggregations of\ndislocations, and the case with a \\textit{maximum} active surface could imitate\narrangements of dislocations in walls. The change of scaling law (for pile-ups\nand walls) and availability of scale-free distributions (for walls) were\nanalytically shown and confirmed by scaling, fitting, moment, and bootstrapping\nanalyses of simulated probability density and cumulative distribution\nfunctions. The initial \"singular\" \\textit{symmetric} distribution of pile-ups\nevolves by the \"infinite\" diffusive scaling law and later it is replaced by the\nother \"semi-infinite\" diffusive scaling law with \\textit{asymmetric}\ndistribution of pile-ups. In contrast, the initial \"singular\"\n\\textit{symmetric} distributions of walls initially evolve by the diffusive\nscaling law and later it is replaced by the other ballistic (linear) scaling\nlaw with \\textit{scale-free} exponential distributions without distinctive\npeaks. The conclusion was made as to possible applications of such approach for\nscaling, fitting, moment, and bootstrapping analyses of distributions in\nsimulated and experimental data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Perspective: Dissipative Particle Dynamics: Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) belongs to a class of models and\ncomputational algorithms developed to address mesoscale problems in complex\nfluids and soft matter in general. It is based on the notion of particles that\nrepresent coarse-grained portions of the system under study and allow,\ntherefore, to reach time and length scales that would be otherwise unreachable\nfrom microscopic simulations. The method has been conceptually refined since\nits introduction almost twenty five years ago. This perspective surveys the\nmajor conceptual improvements in the original DPD model, along with its\nmicroscopic foundation, and discusses outstanding challenges in the field. We\nsummarize some recent advances and suggests avenues for future developments.",
        "positive": "Hybrid deformed algebra: By considering $p,q$-deformed and $\\mu$-deformed algebras we propose an\nassociation of them to form a hybrid deformed algebra. The increased number of\navailable parameters can provide us with a richer tool to investigate new\nscenarios within hybrid deformed statistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Prediction of extreme events in the OFC model on a small world network: We investigate the predictability of extreme events in a dissipative\nOlami-Feder-Christensen model on a small world topology. Due to the mechanism\nof self-organized criticality, it is impossible to predict the magnitude of the\nnext event knowing previous ones, if the system has an infinite size. However,\nby exploiting the finite size effects, we show that probabilistic predictions\nof the occurrence of extreme events in the next time step are possible in a\nfinite system. In particular, the finiteness of the system unavoidably leads to\nrepulsive temporal correlations of extreme events. The predictability of those\nis higher for larger magnitudes and for larger complex network sizes. Finally,\nwe show that our prediction analysis is also robust by remarkably reducing the\naccessible number of events used to construct the optimal predictor.",
        "positive": "Scale Invariance and Self-averaging in disordered systems: In a previous paper we found that in the random field Ising model at zero\ntemperature in three dimensions the correlation length is not self-averaging\nnear the critical point and that the violation of self-averaging is maximal.\nThis is due to the formation of bound states in the underlying field theory. We\npresent a similar study for the case of disordered Potts and Ising ferromagnets\nin two dimensions near the critical temperature. In the random Potts model the\ncorrelation length is not self-averaging near the critical temperature but the\nviolation of self-averaging is weaker than in the random field case. In the\nrandom Ising model we find still weaker violations of self-averaging and we\ncannot rule out the possibility of the restoration of self-averaging in the\ninfinite volume limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic Monte-Carlo Algorithms for Active-Matter systems: We study kinetic Monte-Carlo (KMC) descriptions of active particles. By\nrelying on large discrete time steps, KMC algorithms accelerate the\nrelaxational dynamics of active systems towards their steady-state. We show,\nhowever, that their continuous-time limit is ill-defined, leading to the\nvanishing of trademark behaviors of active matter such as the motility-induced\nphase separation, ratchet effects, as well as to a diverging mechanical\npressure. We show how mixing passive steps with active ones regularizes this\nbehavior, leading to a well-defined continuous-time limit. We propose new AKMC\nalgorithms whose continuous-time limits lead to the active dynamics of\nActive-Ornstein Uhlenbeck, Active Brownian, and Run-and-Tumbles particles.",
        "positive": "Diffusion in the presence of correlated dynamical disorder and coherent\n  exciton transfer in the non-Markovian limit: The presence of static off-diagonal disorder promotes coherent exciton\ntransport while diffusive motion can be recovered in the presence of\nfluctuations in the diagonal and off-diagonal elements of the Hamiltonian. Here\nwe study the crossover induced by correlated dynamical disorder.We uncover a\nnovel role of the excited bath states (ExBS) in dictating quantum coherence and\nquantum transport in dissipative quantum systems interacting with correlated\nbath.We solve both analytically and numerically the temperature dependent\nQuantum Stochastic Liouville equation (TD-QSLE) to study temperature dependence\nof quantum coherence in both linear chains and cyclic trimer (first three\nsubunits of Fenna-Matthews-Olson(FMO) and also heptamer) complexes, using\nHaken-Strobl-Reineker Hamiltonian. In the non-Markovian limit where the\nlowering of temperature induces long-lasting quantum coherences, ExBSnot only\ndetermines the lifetime of coherences but also dictates the long time\npopulation distribution. We find a parallelism between classical and quantum\nsystems through transitions among excited bath states that provides a deeper\ninsight about role of temperature in equilibrium distribution.The effects of\ndynamic disorder and excited bath stat eon quantum entanglement (through the\ncalculation of concurrence) in single exciton manifold are demonstrated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Systematic Expansion Method in Granular Hydrodynamics: We propose a systematic expansion method which is applied to freely evolving\ngranular fluids contained in sufficiently small systems. Restricting ourselves\nto small systems, we show that there exists a small parameter which\ncharacterizes a typical size of density and temperature inhomogeneities. A\nsolution of the hydrodynamic equations for a fluid of inelastic hard spheres is\nexpanded in the small parameter. It is shown that our method quantitatively\ndescribes the asymptotic state of the system, such as flow profiles, density\nand temperature inhomogeneities, and the decay law of the global temperature\nand the energy per particle.",
        "positive": "Condensation of Hard Spheres Under Gravity: Starting from Enskog equation of hard spheres of mass m and diameter D under\nthe gravity g, we first derive the exact equation of motion for the equilibrium\ndensity profile at a temperature T and examine its solutions via the gradient\nexpansion. The solutions exist only when \\beta\\mu \\le \\mu_o \\approx 21.756 in 2\ndimensions and \\mu_o\\approx 15.299 in 3 dimensions, where \\mu is the\ndimensionless initial layer thickness and \\beta=mgD/T. When this inequality\nbreaks down, a fraction of particles condense from the bottom up to the Fermi\nsurface."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Constructing Integrable Lindblad Superoperators: We develop a new method for the construction of one-dimensional integrable\nLindblad systems, which describe quantum many body models in contact with a\nMarkovian environment. We find several new models with interesting features,\nsuch as annihilation-diffusion processes, a mixture of coherent and classical\nparticle propagation, and a rectified steady state current. We also find new\nways to represent known classical integrable stochastic equations by integrable\nLindblad operators. Our method can be extended to various other situations and\nit establishes a structured approach to the study of solvable open quantum\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Magnetic Properties of Quantum Ferrimagnetic Spin Chains: Magnetic susceptibilities of spin-$(S,s)$ ferrimagnetic Heisenberg chains are\nnumerically investigated. It is argued how the ferromagnetic and\nantiferromagnetic features of quantum ferrimagnets are exhibited as functions\nof $(S,s)$. Spin-$(S,s)$ ferrimagnetic chains behave like combinations of\nspin-$(S-s)$ ferromagnetic and spin-$(2s)$ antiferromagnetic chains provided\n$S=2s$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimization of Network Robustness to Waves of Targeted and Random\n  Attack: We study the robustness of complex networks to multiple waves of simultaneous\n(i) targeted attacks in which the highest degree nodes are removed and (ii)\nrandom attacks (or failures) in which fractions $p_t$ and $p_r$ respectively of\nthe nodes are removed until the network collapses. We find that the network\ndesign which optimizes network robustness has a bimodal degree distribution,\nwith a fraction $r$ of the nodes having degree $k_2= (\\kav - 1 +r)/r$ and the\nremainder of the nodes having degree $k_1=1$, where $\\kav$ is the average\ndegree of all the nodes. We find that the optimal value of $r$ is of the order\nof $p_t/p_r$ for $p_t/p_r\\ll 1$.",
        "positive": "Retarded versus time-nonlocal quantum kinetic equations: The finite duration of the collisions in Fermionic systems as expressed by\nthe retardation time in non-Markovian Levinson-type kinetic equations is\ndiscussed in the quasiclassical limit. We separate individual contributions\nincluded in the memory effect resulting in (i) off-shell tails of the Wigner\ndistribution, (ii) renormalization of scattering rates and (iii) of the\nsingle-particle energy, (iv) collision delay and (v) related non-local\ncorrections to the scattering integral. In this way we transform the Levinson\nequation into the Landau-Silin equation extended by the non-local corrections\nknown from the theory of dense gases. The derived nonlocal kinetic equation\nunifies the Landau theory of quasiparticle transport with the classical kinetic\ntheory of dense gases. The space-time symmetry is discussed versus\nparticle-hole symmetry and a solution is proposed which transforms these two\nexclusive pictures into each other."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probability distributions generated by fractional diffusion equations: Fractional calculus allows one to generalize the linear, one-dimensional,\ndiffusion equation by replacing either the first time derivative or the second\nspace derivative by a derivative of fractional order. The fundamental solutions\nof these equations provide probability density functions, evolving on time or\nvariable in space, which are related to the class of stable distributions. This\nproperty is a noteworthy generalization of what happens for the standard\ndiffusion equation and can be relevant in treating financial and economical\nproblems where the stable probability distributions play a key role.",
        "positive": "Information loss and entropy production during dissipative processes in\n  a macroscopic system kicked out of the equilibrium: In macroscopic systems behavior is usually reproducible and fluctuations,\nwhich are deviations from the typically observed mean values, are small. But\nalmost all inverse problems in the physical and biological sciences are\nill-posed and these fluctuations are highly 'amplified'. Using stochastic\nthermodynamics we describe a system in equilibrium kicked to a state far from\nequilibrium and the following dissipative process back to equilibrium. From the\nobserved value at a certain time after the kick the magnitude of the kick\nshould be estimated, which is such an ill-posed inverse problem and\nfluctuations get relevant. For the model system of a kicked Brownian particle\nthe time-dependent probability distribution, the information loss about the\nmagnitude of the kick described by the Kullback-Leibler divergence, and the\nentropy production derived from the observed mean values are given. The\nequality of information loss caused by fluctuations and mean entropy production\nis shown for general kicked dissipative processes from stochastic\nthermodynamics following the derivation of the Jarzynski and Crooks equalities.\nThe information-theoretical interpretation of the Kullback-Leibler divergence\n(Chernoff-Stein Lemma) allows us to describe the influence of the fluctuations\nwithout knowing their distributions just from the mean value equations and thus\nto derive very applicable results, e.g., by giving thermodynamic limits of\nspatial resolution for imaging."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized entropic structures and non-generality of Jaynes' Formalism: The extremization of an appropriate entropic functional may yield to the\nprobability distribution functions maximizing the respective entropic\nstructure. This procedure is known in Statistical Mechanics and Information\nTheory as Jaynes' Formalism and has been up to now a standard methodology for\nderiving the aforementioned distributions. However, the results of this\nformalism do not always coincide with the ones obtained following different\napproaches. In this study we analyse these inconsistencies in detail and\ndemonstrate that Jaynes' formalism leads to correct results only for specific\nentropy definitions.",
        "positive": "Pressure-induced structural phase transition of vanadium: A revisit from\n  the perspective of ensemble theory: For realistic crystals, the free energy strictly formulated in ensemble\ntheory can hardly be obtained because of the difficulty in solving the\nhigh-dimension integral of the partition function, the dilemma of which makes\nit even a doubt if the rigorous ensemble theory is applicable to phase\ntransitions of condensed matters. In the present work, the partition function\nof crystal vanadium under compression up to $320$ GPa at room temperature is\nsolved by an approach developed very recently, and the derived equation of\nstate is in a good agreement with all the experimental measurements, especially\nthe latest one covering the widest pressure range up to $300$ GPa. Furthermore,\nthe derived Gibbs free energy proves the very argument to understand most of\nthe experiments reported in the past decade on the pressure-induced phase\ntransition, and, especially, a novel phase transition sequence concerning three\ndifferent phases observed very recently and the measured angles of two phases\nagree with our theoretical results excellently."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization in coupled map lattices as an interface depinning: We study an SOS model whose dynamics is inspired by recent studies of the\nsynchronization transition in coupled map lattices (CML). The synchronization\nof CML is thus related with a depinning of interface from a binding wall.\nCritical behaviour of our SOS model depends on a specific form of binding\n(i.e., transition rates of the dynamics). For an exponentially decaying binding\nthe depinning belongs to the directed percolation universality class. Other\ntypes of depinning, including the one with a line of critical points, are\nobserved for a power-law binding.",
        "positive": "Critical dimensions of the diffusion equation: We study the evolution of a random initial field under pure diffusion in\nvarious space dimensions. From numerical calculations we find that the\npersistence properties of the system show sharp transitions at critical\ndimensions d1 ~ 26 and d2 ~ 46. We also give refined measurements of the\npersistence exponents for low dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New Understanding of the Bethe Approximation and the Replica Method: In this thesis, new generalizations of the Bethe approximation and new\nunderstanding of the replica method are proposed. The Bethe approximation is an\nefficient approximation for graphical models, which gives an asymptotically\naccurate estimate of the partition function for many graphical models. The\nBethe approximation explains the well-known message passing algorithm, belief\npropagation, which is exact for tree graphical models. It is also known that\nthe cluster variational method gives the generalized Bethe approximation,\ncalled the Kikuchi approximation, yielding the generalized belief propagation.\nIn the thesis, a new series of generalization of the Bethe approximation is\nproposed, which is named the asymptotic Bethe approximation. The asymptotic\nBethe approximation is derived from the characterization of the Bethe free\nenergy using graph covers, which was recently obtained by Vontobel. The\nasymptotic Bethe approximation can be expressed in terms of the edge zeta\nfunction by using Watanabe and Fukumizu's result about the Hessian of the Bethe\nentropy. The asymptotic Bethe approximation is confirmed to be better than the\nconventional Bethe approximation on some conditions. For this purpose, Chertkov\nand Chernyak's loop calculus formula is employed, which shows that the error of\nthe Bethe approximation can be expressed as a sum of weights corresponding to\ngeneralized loops, and generalized for non-binary finite alphabets by using\nconcepts of information geometry.",
        "positive": "Bloch-Redfield theory of high-temperature magnetic fluctuations in\n  interacting spin systems: We study magnetic fluctuations in a system of interacting spins on a lattice\nat high temperatures and in the presence of a spatially varying magnetic field.\nStarting from a microscopic Hamiltonian we derive effective equations of motion\nfor the spins and solve these equations self-consistently. We find that the\nspin fluctuations can be described by an effective diffusion equation with a\ndiffusion coefficient which strongly depends on the ratio of the magnetic field\ngradient to the strength of spin-spin interactions. We also extend our studies\nto account for external noise and find that the relaxation times and the\ndiffusion coefficient are mutually dependent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two effective temperatures in traffic flow models: analogies with\n  granular flow: We present a model of traffic flow, with rules that describe the behaviour of\nautomated vehicles in an open system. We show first of all that the fundamental\ndiagram of this system collapses to a point, where states of free and jammed\ntraffic can coexist in phase space. This leads us to consider separately the\nroles of average velocities and densities as better descriptors of the actual\nstate of the traffic. Next, we observe that the transition between free and\njammed traffic as a function of the braking parameter R is different for high\nand low initial densities, in the steady state; it turns out to be 'smeared\nout' for low densities, a behaviour which is already portended by the transient\nbehaviour of the system. Our results indicate strongly that, at least for such\nmodels, two effective temperatures (one related to R, and the other to the\ndensity) are needed to describe the global behaviour of this system in\nstatistical mechanical terms. Analogies with granular flow are discussed in\nthis context.",
        "positive": "Short-time Critical Dynamics of the 3-Dimensional Ising Model: Comprehensive Monte Carlo simulations of the short-time dynamic behaviour are\nreported for the three-dimensional Ising model at criticality. Besides the\nexponent $\\theta$ of the critical initial increase and the dynamic exponent\n$z$, the static critical exponents $\\nu$ and $\\beta$ as well as the critical\ntemperature are determined from the power-law scaling behaviour of observables\nat the beginning of the time evolution. States of very high temperature as well\nas of zero temperature are used as initial states for the simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shiva diagrams for composite-boson many-body effects : How they work: The purpose of this paper is to show how the diagrammatic expansion in\nfermion exchanges of scalar products of $N$-composite-boson (``coboson'')\nstates can be obtained in a practical way. The hard algebra on which this\nexpansion is based, will be given in an independent publication.\n  Due to the composite nature of the particles, the scalar products of\n$N$-coboson states do not reduce to a set of Kronecker symbols, as for\nelementary bosons, but contain subtle exchange terms between two or more\ncobosons. These terms originate from Pauli exclusion between the fermionic\ncomponents of the particles. While our many-body theory for composite bosons\nleads to write these scalar products as complicated sums of products of ``Pauli\nscatterings'' between \\emph{two} cobosons, they in fact correspond to fermion\nexchanges between any number P of quantum particles, with $2 \\leq P\\leq N$.\nThese $P$-body exchanges are nicely represented by the so-called ``Shiva\ndiagrams'', which are topologically different from Feynman diagrams, due to the\nintrinsic many-body nature of Pauli exclusion from which they originate. These\nShiva diagrams in fact constitute the novel part of our composite-exciton\nmany-body theory which was up to now missing to get its full diagrammatic\nrepresentation. Using them, we can now ``see'' through diagrams the physics of\nany quantity in which enters $N$ interacting excitons -- or more generally $N$\ncomposite bosons --, with fermion exchanges included in an \\emph{exact} -- and\ntransparent -- way.",
        "positive": "Modeling electricity loads in California: ARMA models with hyperbolic\n  noise: In this paper we address the issue of modeling electricity loads. After\nanalyzing properties of the deseasonalized loads from the California power\nmarket we fit an ARMA(1,6) model to the data. The obtained residuals seem to be\nindependent but with tails heavier than Gaussian. It turns out that the\nhyperbolic distribution provides an excellent fit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Beyond the Zipf-Mandelbrot law in quantitative linguistics: In this paper the Zipf-Mandelbrot law is revisited in the context of\nlinguistics. Despite its widespread popularity the Zipf--Mandelbrot law can\nonly describe the statistical behaviour of a rather restricted fraction of the\ntotal number of words contained in some given corpus. In particular, we focus\nour attention on the important deviations that become statistically relevant as\nlarger corpora are considered and that ultimately could be understood as\nsalient features of the underlying complex process of language generation.\nFinally, it is shown that all the different observed regimes can be accurately\nencompassed within a single mathematical framework recently introduced by C.\nTsallis.",
        "positive": "Random Matrix Theory and higher genus integrability: the quantum chiral\n  Potts model: We perform a Random Matrix Theory (RMT) analysis of the quantum four-state\nchiral Potts chain for different sizes of the chain up to size L=8. Our\nanalysis gives clear evidence of a Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble statistics,\nsuggesting the existence of a generalized time-reversal invariance.\n  Furthermore a change from the (generic) GOE distribution to a Poisson\ndistribution occurs when the integrability conditions are met. The chiral Potts\nmodel is known to correspond to a (star-triangle) integrability associated with\ncurves of genus higher than zero or one. Therefore, the RMT analysis can also\nbe seen as a detector of ``higher genus integrability''."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-dimensional dilute Baxter-Wu model: Transition order and\n  universality: We investigate the critical behavior of the two-dimensional spin-$1$\nBaxter-Wu model in the presence of a crystal-field coupling $\\Delta$ with the\ngoal of determining the universality class of transitions along the\nsecond-order part of the transition line as one approaches the putative\nlocation of the multicritical point. We employ extensive Monte Carlo\nsimulations using two different methodologies: (i) a study of the zeros of the\nenergy probability distribution, closely related to the Fisher zeros of the\npartition function, and (ii) the well-established multicanonical approach\nemployed to study the probability distribution of the crystal-field energy. A\ndetailed finite-size scaling analysis in the regime of second-order phase\ntransitions in the $(\\Delta, T)$ phase diagram supports previous claims that\nthe transition belongs to the universality class of the $4$-state Potts model.\nFor positive values of $\\Delta$, we observe the presence of strong finite-size\neffects, indicative of crossover effects due to the proximity of the\nfirst-order part of the transition line. Finally, we demonstrate how a\ncombination of cluster and heat-bath updates allows one to equilibrate larger\nsystems, and we demonstrate the potential of this approach for resolving the\nambiguities observed in the regime of $\\Delta \\gtrsim 0$.",
        "positive": "Optimized Monotonic Convex Pair Potentials Stabilize Low-Coordinated\n  Crystals: We have previously used inverse statistical-mechanical methods to optimize\nisotropic pair interactions with multiple extrema to yield low-coordinated\ncrystal classical ground states (e.g., honeycomb and diamond structures) in\nd-dimensional Euclidean space R^d. Here we demonstrate the counterintuitive\nresult that no extrema are required to produce such low-coordinated classical\nground states. Specifically, we show that monotonic convex pair potentials can\nbe optimized to yield classical ground states that are the square and honeycomb\ncrystals in R^2 over a non-zero number density range. Such interactions may be\nfeasible to achieve experimentally using colloids and polymers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distribution of the Time Between Maximum and Minimum of Random Walks: We consider a one-dimensional Brownian motion of fixed duration $T$. Using a\npath-integral technique, we compute exactly the probability distribution of the\ndifference $\\tau=t_{\\min}-t_{\\max}$ between the time $t_{\\min}$ of the global\nminimum and the time $t_{\\max}$ of the global maximum. We extend this result to\na Brownian bridge, i.e. a periodic Brownian motion of period $T$. In both\ncases, we compute analytically the first few moments of $\\tau$, as well as the\ncovariance of $t_{\\max}$ and $t_{\\min}$, showing that these times are\nanti-correlated. We demonstrate that the distribution of $\\tau$ for Brownian\nmotion is valid for discrete-time random walks with $n$ steps and with a finite\njump variance, in the limit $n\\to \\infty$. In the case of L\\'evy flights, which\nhave a divergent jump variance, we numerically verify that the distribution of\n$\\tau$ differs from the Brownian case. For random walks with continuous and\nsymmetric jumps we numerically verify that the probability of the event \"$\\tau\n= n$\" is exactly $1/(2n)$ for any finite $n$, independently of the jump\ndistribution. Our results can be also applied to describe the distance between\nthe maximal and minimal height of $(1+1)$-dimensional stationary-state\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang interfaces growing over a substrate of finite size $L$. Our\nfindings are confirmed by numerical simulations. Some of these results have\nbeen announced in a recent Letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 200201 (2019)].",
        "positive": "Clausius' Entropy Revisited: Conventional Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics is mainly concerned with systems\nin local equilibrium and their entropy production, due to the irreversible\nprocesses which take place in these systems. In this paper fluids will be\nconsidered in a state of local equilibrium. We argue that the main feature of\nsuch systems is not the entropy production, but the organization of the flowing\ncurrents in such systems. These currents do not only have entropy production,\nbut must also have an organization needed to flow in a certain direction. It is\nthe latter, which is the source of the equilibrium entropy, when the fluid goes\nfrom a local equilibrium state and to an equilibrium state. This implies a\ntransmutation of the local equilibrium current's organization into the\nequilibrium entropy. Alternatively, when a fluid goes from an equilibrium state\nto a local equilibrium state, its entropy transmutes into the organization of\nthe currents of that state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A model violating the Boltzmann distribution: We study a model of an ionic conductor having interstitial ions that jump\nfrom site to site. The conductor is subject to an external electric field.\nAccording to classical mechanics, the ion number density follows the Boltzmann\ndistribution. But according to quantum mechanics, we show that the Boltzmann\ndistribution is violated by a factor of 2. And the violation provides a\nmechanism to explain the Haven ratio observed in some experiments.",
        "positive": "Various applications of the random matrix ensembles to the quantum\n  chaotic systems: The random matrix ensembles are applied to the quantum chaotic systems. The\nquantum systems are studied using the finite dimensional real, complex and\nquaternion Hilbert spaces of the eigenfunctions. The linear operators\ndescribing the systems act on these Hilbert spaces and they are treated as\nrandom matrices in generic bases of the eigenfunctions. The random\neigenproblems are presented and solved. Examples of random operators are\npresented with connection to physical problems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modeling Multi-Lane Traffic Flow with Queuing Effects: On the basis of assumptions about the behavior of driver-vehicle units\nconcerning acceleration, deceleration, overtaking, and lane-changing maneuvers,\na gas-kinetic traffic model for uni-directional multi-lane freeways is\nconstructed. Queuing effects are explicitly taken into account in an overall\nmanner. The resulting model is a generalization of Paveri-Fontana's\nBoltzmann-like traffic model and allows the derivation of macroscopic traffic\nequations for interacting lanes, including velocity equations. The related\neffective macroscopic traffic model for the total freeway cross-section is also\nderived. It provides corrections with respect to previous traffic models, but\nagrees with them in special cases.",
        "positive": "A universal lower bound on the free energy cost of molecular\n  measurements: The living cell uses a variety of molecular receptors to read and process\nchemical signals that vary in space and time. We model the dynamics of such\nmolecular level measurements as Markov processes in steady state, with a\ncoupling between the receptor and the signal. We prove exactly that, when the\nthe signal dynamics is not perturbed by the receptors, the free energy consumed\nby the measurement process is lower bounded by a quantity proportional to the\nmutual information. Our result is completely independent of the receptor\narchitecture and dependent on signal properties alone, and therefore holds as a\ngeneral principle for molecular information processing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-gravitating clusters of Bose-Einstein gas with planar, cylindrical,\n  or spherical symmetry: gaseous density profiles and onset of condensation: We calculate density profiles for self-gravitating clusters of an ideal\nBose-Einstein gas with nonrelativistic energy-momentum relation and macroscopic\nmass at thermal equilibrium. Our study includes clusters with planar symmetry\nin dimensions $\\mathcal{D}=1,2,3$, clusters with cylindrical symmetry in\n$\\mathcal{D}=2,3$, and clusters with spherical symmetry in $\\mathcal{D}=3$.\nWall confinement is imposed where needed to prevent escape. The length scale\nand energy scale in use for the gaseous phase render density profiles for\ngaseous macrostates independent of total mass. Density profiles for mixed-phase\nmacrostates have a condensed core surrounded by a gaseous halo. The spatial\nextension of the core is negligibly small on the length scale tailored for the\nhalo. The mechanical stability conditions as evident in caloric curves permit\nmultiple macrostates to coexist. Their status regarding thermal equilibrium is\nexamined by a comparison of free energies. The onset of condensation takes\nplace at a nonzero temperature in all cases. The critical singularities and the\nnature of the phase transition vary with the symmetry of the cluster and the\ndimensionality of the space.",
        "positive": "Critical behaviour of random fibers with mixed Weibull distribution: A random fiber bundle model with a mixed Weibull distribution is studied\nunder the Global Load Sharing (GLS) scheme. The mixed model consists of two\nsets of fibers. The threshold strength of one set of fibers are randomly chosen\nfrom a Weibull distribution with a particular Weibull index, and another set of\nfibers with a different index. The mixing tunes the critical stress of the\nbundle and the variation of critical stress with the amount of mixing is\ndetermined using a probabilistic method where the external load is increased\nquasistatically. In a special case which we illustrate, the critical stress is\nfound to vary linearly with the mixing parameter. The critical exponents and\npower law behaviour of burst avalanche size distribution is found to remain\nunaltered due to mixing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo simulation with time step quantification in terms of\n  Langevin dynamics: For the description of thermally activated dynamics in systems of classical\nmagnetic moments numerical methods are desirable. We consider a simple model\nfor isolated magnetic particles in a uniform field with an oblique angle to the\neasy axis of the particles. For this model, a comparison of the Monte Carlo\nmethod with Langevin dynamics yields new insight in the interpretation of the\nMonte Carlo process, leading to the implementation of a new algorithm where the\nMonte Carlo step is time-quantified. The numeric results for the characteristic\ntime of the magnetisation reversal are in excellent agreement with asymptotic\nsolutions which itself are in agreement with the exact numerical results\nobtained from the Fokker-Planck equation for the Neel-Brown model.",
        "positive": "Universal entanglement and correlation measure in two-dimensional\n  conformal field theories: We calculate the amount of entanglement shared by two intervals in the ground\nstate of a (1+1)-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT), quantified by an\nentanglement measure $\\mathcal{E}$ based on the computable cross norm (CCNR)\ncriterion. Unlike negativity or mutual information, we show that $\\mathcal{E}$\nhas a universal expression even for two disjoint intervals, which depends only\non the geometry, the central charge c, and the thermal partition function of\nthe CFT. We prove this universal expression in the replica approach, where the\nRiemann surface for calculating $\\mathcal{E}$ at each order n is always a torus\ntopologically. By analytic continuation, result of n=1/2 gives the value of\n$\\mathcal{E}$. Furthermore, the results of other values of n also yield\nmeaningful conclusions: The n=1 result gives a general formula for the\ntwo-interval purity, which enables us to calculate the Renyi-2 N-partite\ninformation for N<=4 intervals; while the $n=\\infty$ result bounds the\ncorrelation function of the two intervals. We verify our findings numerically\nin the spin-1/2 XXZ chain, whose ground state is described by the Luttinger\nliquid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Manifestation of exciton Bose condensation in induced two-phonon\n  emission and Raman scattering: The unusual two-photon emission by Bose-condensed excitons caused by\nsimultaneous recombination of two excitons with opposite momenta leaving the\noccupation numbers of excitonic states with momenta $p nonequal to 0$ unchanged\n(below coherent two-exciton recombination) is investigated. Raman scattering\naccompanied by the analogous two-exciton recombination (or creation) is also\nanalyzed. The excess momentum equal to the change of the electromagnetic field\nmomentum in these processes can be transferred to phonons or impurities. The\nprocesses under consideration take place if there is Bose condensation in the\ninteracting exciton system, and, therefore, can be used as a new method to\nreveal exciton Bose condensation. If the frequency of the incident light\n$\\omega< 2\\Omega$ ($\\Omega$ is the frequency corresponding to the recombination\nof an exciton with p=0), the coherent two-exciton recombination with the excess\nmomentum elastically transferred to impurities leads to the appearance of the\nspectral line $2\\Omega-\\omega$ corresponding to the induced two-photon\nemission. In this case the anti-Stokes line on frequency $\\omega+2\\Omega$ also\nappears in the Raman spectrum. If $\\omega>2\\Omega$, there are both Stokes and\nanti-Stokes lines on frequencies $\\omega\\pm2\\Omega$ in the Raman spectrum. The\ninduced two-photon emission is impossible in this case. The spectral lines\nmentioned above have phonon replicas on frequencies $|\\omega\\pm\n(2\\Omega-n\\omega^s_0)|$ corresponding to the transmission of the excess\nmomentum (partially or as a whole) to optical phonons of frequency $\\omega^s_0$\n($n$ is an integer number).",
        "positive": "Dynamic universality class of Model C from the functional\n  renormalization group: We establish new scaling properties for the universality class of Model C,\nwhich describes relaxational critical dynamics of a nonconserved order\nparameter coupled to a conserved scalar density. We find an anomalous diffusion\nphase, which satisfies weak dynamic scaling while the conserved density\ndiffuses only asymptotically. The properties of the phase diagram for the\ndynamic critical behavior include a significantly extended weak scaling region,\ntogether with a strong and a decoupled scaling regime. These calculations are\ndone directly in 2 < d < 4 space dimensions within the framework of the\nnonperturbative functional renormalization group. The scaling exponents\ncharacterizing the different phases are determined along with subleading\nindices featuring the stability properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partition function zeroes of a self-dual Ising model: We consider the Ising model on an $M\\times N$ rectangular lattice with an\nasymmetric self-dual boundary condition, and derive a closed-form expression\nfor its partition function. We show that zeroes of the partition function are\ngiven by the roots of a polynomial equation of degree $2M-1$, which trace out\ncertain loci in the complex temperature plane. Particularly, it is shown that\n(a) real solutions of the polynomial equations always lead to zeroes on the\nunit circle and a segment of the negative real axis, and (b) all temperature\nzeroes lie on two circles in the limit of $M\\to\\infty$ for any $N$. Closed-form\nexpressions of the loci as well as the density of zero distributions in the\nlimit of $N\\to\\infty$ are derived for M=1 and 2. In addition, we explain the\nreason of, and establish the criterion for, partition function zeroes of any\nself-dual spin model to reside precisely on the unit circle. This elucidates a\nrecent finding in the case of the self-dual Potts model.",
        "positive": "Random pinning limits the size of membrane adhesion domains: Theoretical models describing specific adhesion of membranes predict (for\ncertain parameters) a macroscopic phase separation of bonds into adhesion\ndomains. We show that this behavior is fundamentally altered if the membrane is\npinned randomly due to, e.g., proteins that anchor the membrane to the\ncytoskeleton. Perturbations which locally restrict membrane height fluctuations\ninduce quenched disorder of the random-field type. This rigorously prevents the\nformation of macroscopic adhesion domains following the Imry-Ma argument [Y.\nImry and S. K. Ma, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 1399 (1975)]. Our prediction of\nrandom-field disorder follows from analytical calculations, and is strikingly\nconfirmed in large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. These simulations are based\non an efficient composite Monte Carlo move, whereby membrane height and bond\ndegrees of freedom are updated simultaneously in a single move. The application\nof this move should prove rewarding for other systems also."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Degenerate observables and the many Eigenstate Thermalization Hypotheses: Under unitary time evolution, expectation values of physically reasonable\nobservables often evolve towards the predictions of equilibrium statistical\nmechanics. The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) states that this is\nalso true already for individual energy eigenstates. Here we aim at elucidating\nthe emergence of ETH for observables that can realistically be measured due to\ntheir high degeneracy, such as local, extensive or macroscopic observables. We\nbisect this problem into two parts, a condition on the relative overlaps and\none on the relative phases between the eigenbases of the observable and\nHamiltonian.",
        "positive": "Anticipated synchronization in coupled complex Ginzburg-Landau systems: We study anticipated synchronization in two complex Ginzburg-Landau systems\ncoupled in a master-slave configuration. Master and slave systems are ruled by\nthe same autonomous function, but the slave system receives the injection from\nthe master and is subject to a negative delayed self-feedback loop. We give\nevidence that the magnitude of the largest anticipation time depends on the\ndynamical regime where the system operates (defect turbulence, phase turbulence\nor bichaos) and scales with the linear autocorrelation time of the system.\nMoreover, we find that the largest anticipation times are obtained for\ncomplex-valued coupling constants. We provide analytical conditions for the\nstability of the anticipated synchronization manifold that are in qualitative\nagreement with those obtained numerically. Finally, we report on the existence\nof anticipated synchronization in coupled two-dimensional complex\nGinzburg-Landau systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Robustness of Random Graphs Based on Natural Connectivity: Recently, it has been proposed that the natural connectivity can be used to\nefficiently characterise the robustness of complex networks. Natural\nconnectivity quantifies the redundancy of alternative routes in a network by\nevaluating the weighted number of closed walks of all lengths and can be\nregarded as the average eigenvalue obtained from the graph spectrum. In this\narticle, we explore the natural connectivity of random graphs both analytically\nand numerically and show that it increases linearly with the average degree. By\ncomparing with regular ring lattices and random regular graphs, we show that\nrandom graphs are more robust than random regular graphs; however, the\nrelationship between random graphs and regular ring lattices depends on the\naverage degree and graph size. We derive the critical graph size as a function\nof the average degree, which can be predicted by our analytical results. When\nthe graph size is less than the critical value, random graphs are more robust\nthan regular ring lattices, whereas regular ring lattices are more robust than\nrandom graphs when the graph size is greater than the critical value.",
        "positive": "Epitaxial Growth of Thin Films -- a Statistical Mechanical Model: A theoretical framework is developed to describe experiments on the structure\nof epitaxial thin films, particularly niobium on sapphire. We extend the\nhypothesis of dynamical scaling to apply to the structure of thin films from\nits conventional application to simple surfaces. We then present a\nphenomenological continuum theory that provides a good description of the\nobserved scattering and the measured exponents. Finally the results of\nexperiment and theory are compared."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Calculating Thermodynamics Properties of Quantum Systems by a\n  non-Markovian Monte Carlo Procedure: We present a history-dependent Monte Carlo scheme for the efficient\ncalculation of the free-energy of quantum systems, inspired by the Wang-Landau\nsampling and metadynamics method. When embedded in a path integral formulation,\nit is of general applicability to a large variety of Hamiltonians. In the\ntwo-dimensional quantum Ising model, chosen here for illustration, the accuracy\nof free energy, critical temperature, and specific heat is demonstrated as a\nfunction of simulation time, and successfully compared with the best available\napproaches, particularly the Wang-Landau method over two different Monte Carlo\nprocedures.",
        "positive": "The Blume-Capel Model on Hierarchical Lattices: exact local properties: The local properties of the spin one ferromagnetic Blume-Capel model defined\non hierarchical lattices with dimension two and three are obtained by a\nnumerical recursion procedure and studied as functions of the temperature and\nthe reduced crystal-field parameter. The magnetization and the density of sites\nin the configuration S=0 state are carefully investigated at low temperature in\nthe region of the phase diagram that presents the phenomenon of phase\nreentrance. Both order parameters undergo transitions from the ferromagnetic to\nthe ordered paramagnetic phase with abrupt discontinuities that decrease along\nthe phase boundary at low temperatures. The distribution of magnetization in a\ntypical profile was determined on the transition line presenting a broad\nmultifractal spectrum that narrows towards the fractal limit (single point) as\nthe discontinuities of the order parameters grow towards a maximum. The\namplitude of the order-parameter discontinuities and the narrowing of the\nmultifractal spectra were used to delimit the low temperature interval for the\npossible locus of the tricritical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A stochastic solution with Gaussian stationary increments of the\n  symmetric space-time fractional diffusion equation: The stochastic solution with Gaussian stationary increments is establihsed\nfor the symmetric space-time fractional diffusion equation when $0 < \\beta <\n\\alpha \\le 2$, where $0 < \\beta \\le 1$ and $0 < \\alpha \\le 2$ are the\nfractional derivation orders in time and space, respectively. This solution is\nprovided by imposing the identity between two probability density functions\nresulting (i) from a new integral representation formula of the fundamental\nsolution of the symmetric space-time fractional diffusion equation and (ii)\nfrom the product of two independent random variables. This is an alternative\nmethod with respect to previous approaches such as the scaling limit of the\ncontinuos time random walk, the parametric subordination and the subordinated\nLangevin equation. A new integral representation formula for the fundamental\nsolution of the space-time fractional diffusion equation is firstly derived. It\nis then shown that, in the symmetric case, a stochastic solution can be\nobtained by a Gaussian process with stationary increments and with a random\nwideness scale variable distributed according to an arrangement of two extremal\nL\\'evy stable densities. This stochastic solution is self-similar with\nstationary increments and uniquely defined in a statistical sense by the mean\nand the covariance structure. Numerical simulations are carried out by choosing\nas Gaussian process the fractional Brownian motion. Sample paths and\nprobability densities functions are shown to be in agreement with the\nfundamental solution of the symmetric space-time fractional diffusion equation.",
        "positive": "Finite-sample frequency distributions originating from an\n  equiprobability distribution: Given an equidistribution for probabilities p(i)=1/N, i=1..N. What is the\nexpected corresponding rank ordered frequency distribution f(i), i=1..N, if an\nensemble of M events is drawn?"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vortex flux and Berry phase in a Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a\n  toroidal trap: We study a system of large number of singly quantized vortices in a BEC\nconfined in a rotating toroidal geometry. Analogous to the Meissner effect in\nsupercomputers, we show that the external rotational field can be tuned to can\ncancel the Magnus field, resulting in a zero vortex flux. We also show that the\nBerry's phase for this system is directly related to the vortex flux.",
        "positive": "Gaussian Closure Scheme in the Quasi-Linkage Equilibrium Regime of\n  Evolving Genome Populations: Describing the evolution of a population of genomes evolving in a complex\nfitness landscape is generally very hard. We here introduce an approximate\nGaussian closure scheme to characterize analytically the statistics of a\ngenomic population in the so-called Quasi--Linkage Equilibrium (QLE) regime,\napplicable to generic values of the rates of mutation or recombination and\nfitness functions. The Gaussian approximation is illustrated on a short-range\nfitness landscape with two far away and competing maxima. It unveils the\nexistence of a phase transition from a broad to a polarized distribution of\ngenomes as the strength of epistatic couplings is increased, characterized by\nslow coarsening dynamics of competing allele domains. Results of the closure\nscheme are corroborated by numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "RKKY interaction in framework of T=0 Green function method: A methodical derivation of RKKY interaction in framework of T=0 Green\nfunction method is given in great detail. The article is complimentary to\nstandard textbooks on the physics of magnetism and condensed matter physics. It\nis shown that the methods of statistical mechanics gives a standard and\nprobably simplest derivation of the exchange interaction. A parallel with\ntheory of plasma waves demonstrates the relation between the Fourier\ntransformation of polarization operator of degenerate electron gas at zero\nfrequency and the space dependence of the indirect electron exchange due to\nitinerant electrons.",
        "positive": "Renormalization Group in the uniqueness region: weak Gibbsianity and\n  convergence: We analyze the block averaging transformation applied to lattice gas models\nwith short range interaction in the uniqueness region below the critical\ntemperature. We prove weak Gibbsianity of the renormalized measure and\nconvergence of the renormalized potential in a weak sense. Since we are\narbitrarily close to the coexistence region we have a diverging characteristic\nlength of the system: the correlation length or the critical length for\nmetastability, or both. Thus, to perturbatively treat the problem we have to\nuse a scale-adapted expansion. Moreover, such a model below the critical\ntemperature resembles a disordered system in presence of Griffiths'\nsingularity. Then the cluster expansion that we use must be graded with its\nminimal scale length diverging when the coexistence line is approached."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamics for inelastic Maxwell mixtures: Some applications: Hydrodynamic equations for a binary mixture of inelastic Maxwell models\ndescribed by the Boltzmann equation are derived. The Navier-Stokes transport\ncoefficients are {\\em exactly} obtained by solving the Boltzmann equation from\nthe Chapman-Enskog method for states close to the (local) homogeneous cooling\nstate (HCS). The knowledge of the transport coefficients allows one to analyze\ntwo different problems. First, we solve the linearized hydrodynamic equations\naround the homogeneous (cooling) state and identify the conditions for\nstability as functions of the wave vector, the dissipation, and the parameters\nof the mixture. As happens for monocomponent systems, the analysis shows that\nthe HCS is unstable to long enough wavelength perturbation. As a second\nproblem, we explore the validity of Onsager's reciprocal relations of a\ngranular binary mixture. As expected, since a granular system is not time\nreversal invariant, Onsager's reciprocal relations do not apply for inelastic\ncollisions. The results show that the absence of the Gibbs state\n(non-Maxwellian behavior of the velocity distribution functions describing the\nHCS), the collisional cooling, and the occurrence of different kinetic\ntemperatures for both species (breakdown of energy equipartition) are\nresponsible for a violation of Onsager's relations",
        "positive": "Fluctuation-dissipation relation and the Edwards entropy for a glassy\n  granular compaction model: We analytically study a one dimensional compaction model in the glassy\nregime. Both correlation and response functions are calculated exactly in the\nevolving dense and low tapping strength limit, where the density relaxes in a\n$1/\\ln t$ fashion. The response and correlation functions turn out to be\nconnected through a non-equilibrium generalisation of the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem. The initial response in the average density to\nan increase in the tapping strength is shown to be negative, while on longer\ntimescales it is shown to be positive. On short time scales the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem governs the relation between correlation and\nresponse, and we show that such a relationship also exists for the slow degrees\nof freedom, albeit with a different temperature. The model is further studied\nwithin the statistical theory proposed by Edwards and co-workers, and the\nEdwards entropy is calculated in the large system limit. The fluctuations\ndescribed by this approach turn out to match the fluctuations as calculated\nthrough the dynamical consideration. We believe this to be the first time these\nideas have been analytically confirmed in a non-mean-field model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact critical exponent for the shortest-path scaling function in\n  percolation: It is shown that the critical exponent $g_1$ related to pair-connectiveness\nand shortest-path (or chemical distance) scaling, recently studied by Porto et\nal., Dokholyan et al., and Grassberger, can be found exactly in 2d by using a\ncrossing-probability result of Cardy, with the outcome $g_1 = 25/24$. This\nprediction is consistent with existing simulation results.",
        "positive": "Dynamical robustness of discrete conservative systems: Harper and\n  generalized standard maps: In recent years, statistical characterization of the discrete conservative\ndynamical systems (more precisely, paradigmatic examples of area-preserving\nmaps such as the standard and the web maps) has been analyzed extensively and\nshown that, for larger parameter values for which the Lyapunov exponents are\nlargely positive over the entire phase space, the probability distribution is a\nGaussian, consistent with Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistics. On the other hand,\nfor smaller parameter values for which the Lyapunov exponents are virtually\nzero over the entire phase space, we verify this distribution appears to\napproach a $q$-Gaussian (with $q \\simeq 1.935$), consistent with\n$q$-statistics. Interestingly, if the parameter values are in between these two\nextremes, then the probability distributions happen to exhibit a linear\ncombination of these two behaviours. Here, we numerically show that the Harper\nmap is also in the same universality class of the maps discussed so far. This\nconstitutes one more evidence on the robustness of this behavior whenever the\nphase space consists of stable orbits. Then, we propose a generalization of the\nstandard map for which the phase space includes many sticky regions, changing\nthe previously observed simple linear combination behavior to a more complex\ncombination."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Double stochastic resonance in the mean-field $q$-state clock models: A magnetic system with a phase transition at temperature $T_c$ may exhibit\ndouble resonance peaks under a periodic external magnetic field because the\ntime scale matches the external frequency at two different temperatures, one\nabove $T_c$ and the other below $T_c$. We study the double resonance phenomena\nfor the mean-field $q$-state clock model based on the heat-bath-typed master\nequation. We find double peaks as observed in the kinetic Ising case ($q=2$)\nfor all $q\\ge 4$, but for the three-state clock model ($q=3$), the existence of\ndouble peaks is possible only above a certain external frequency since it\nundergoes a discontinuous phase transition.",
        "positive": "Voter model dynamics in complex networks: Role of dimensionality,\n  disorder and degree distribution: We analyze the ordering dynamics of the voter model in different classes of\ncomplex networks. We observe that whether the voter dynamics orders the system\ndepends on the effective dimensionality of the interaction networks. We also\nfind that when there is no ordering in the system, the average survival time of\nmetastable states in finite networks decreases with network disorder and degree\nheterogeneity. The existence of hubs in the network modifies the linear system\nsize scaling law of the survival time. The size of an ordered domain is\nsensitive to the network disorder and the average connectivity, decreasing with\nboth; however it seems not to depend on network size and degree heterogeneity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on ``Two Time Scales and Violation of the\n  Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem in a Finite Dimensional Model for Structural\n  Glasses'': In cond-mat/0002074 Ricci-Tersenghi et al. find two linear regimes in the\nfluctuation-dissipation relation between density-density correlations and\nassociated responses of the Frustrated Ising Lattice Gas. Here we show that\nthis result does not seem to correspond to the equilibrium quantities of the\nmodel, by measuring the overlap distribution P(q) of the density and comparing\nthe FDR expected on the ground of the P(q) with the one measured in the\noff-equilibrium experiments.",
        "positive": "Universality Class of One-Dimensional Directed Sandpile Models: A general n-state directed `sandpile' model is introduced. The stationary\nproperties of the n-state model are derived for n < infty, and analytical\narguments based on a central limit theorem show that the model belongs to the\nuniversality class of the totally asymmetric Oslo model, with a crossover to\nuncorrelated branching process behavior for small system sizes. Hence, the\ncentral limit theorem allows us to identify the existence of a large\nuniversality class of one-dimensional directed sandpile models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal cluster size distribution in a system of randomly spaced\n  particles: The distribution function of particles over clusters is proposed for a system\nof identical intersecting spheres, the centres of which are uniformly\ndistributed in space. Consideration is based on the concept of the rank number\nof clusters, where the rank is assigned to clusters according to the cluster\nsizes. Distribution is universal in the sense that it does not depend on\nboundary conditions and is valid for infinite medium. The form of the\ndistribution function is determined by only one parameter, equal to the ratio\nof the sphere radius (`interaction radius') to the average distance between the\ncentres of the spheres. This parameter plays also a role of the order\nparameter. It is revealed under what conditions the universal distribution\nbehaves like well known log-normal distribution. Applications of the proposed\ndistribution to some realistic physical situations, which are close to the\nconditions of the gas condensation to liquid, are considered.",
        "positive": "Two-point correlation function of the fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck\n  process: We calculate the two-point correlation function <x(t2)x(t1)> for a\nsubdiffusive continuous time random walk in a parabolic potential, generalizing\nwell-known results for the single-time statistics to two times. A closed\nanalytical expression is found for initial equilibrium, revealing a clear\ndeviation from a Mittag-Leffler decay."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Parameter diagnostics of phases and phase transition learning by neural\n  networks: We present an analysis of neural network-based machine learning schemes for\nphases and phase transitions in theoretical condensed matter research, focusing\non neural networks with a single hidden layer. Such shallow neural networks\nwere previously found to be efficient in classifying phases and locating phase\ntransitions of various basic model systems. In order to rationalize the\nemergence of the classification process and for identifying any underlying\nphysical quantities, it is feasible to examine the weight matrices and the\nconvolutional filter kernels that result from the learning process of such\nshallow networks. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the learning-by-confusing\nscheme can be used, in combination with a simple threshold-value classification\nmethod, to diagnose the learning parameters of neural networks. In particular,\nwe study the classification process of both fully-connected and convolutional\nneural networks for the two-dimensional Ising model with extended domain wall\nconfigurations included in the low-temperature regime. Moreover, we consider\nthe two-dimensional XY model and contrast the performance of the\nlearning-by-confusing scheme and convolutional neural networks trained on bare\nspin configurations to the case of preprocessed samples with respect to vortex\nconfigurations. We discuss these findings in relation to similar recent\ninvestigations and possible further applications.",
        "positive": "Exact and asymptotic features of the edge density profile for the one\n  component plasma in two dimensions: There is a well known analogy between the Laughlin trial wave function for\nthe fractional quantum Hall effect, and the Boltzmann factor for the\ntwo-dimensional one-component plasma. The latter requires analytic continuation\nbeyond the finite geometry used in its derivation. We consider both disk and\ncylinder geometry, and focus attention on the exact and asymptotic features of\nthe edge density. At the special coupling \\Gamma := q^2/k_BT=2 the system is\nexactly solvable. In particular the k-point correlation can be written as a k\n\\times k determinant, allowing the edge density to be computed to first order\nin \\Gamma - 2. A double layer structure is found, which in turn implies an\novershoot of the density as the edge of the leading support is approached from\ninside the plasma. Asymptotic analysis shows that the deviation from the\nleading order (step function) value is different for into the plasma than for\noutside. For general \\Gamma, a Gaussian fluctuation formula is used to study\nthe large deviation form of the density for N large but finite. This asymptotic\nform involves thermodynamic quantities which we independently study, and\nmoreover an appropriate scaling gives the asymptotic decay of the limiting edge\ndensity outside of the plasma."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dimensional crossovers and Casimir forces for the Bose gas in\n  anisotropic optical lattices: We consider the Bose gas on a $d$-dimensional anisotropic lattice employing\nthe imperfect (mean-field) gas as a prototype example. We study the dimensional\ncrossover arising as a result of varying the dispersion relation at finite\ntemperature $T$. We analyze in particular situations where one of the relevant\neffective dimensionalities is located at or below the lower critical dimension,\nso that the Bose-Einstein condensate becomes expelled from the system by\nanisotropically modifying the lattice parameters controlling the kinetic term\nin the Hamiltonian. We clarify the mechanism governing this phenomenon.\nSubsequently we study the thermodynamic Casimir effect occurring in this\nsystem. We compute the exact profile of the scaling function for the Casimir\nenergy. As an effect of strongly anisotropic scale invariance, the Casimir\nforce below or at the critical temperature $T_c$ may be repulsive even for\nperiodic boundary conditions. The corresponding Casimir amplitude is universal\nonly in a restricted sense, and the power law governing the decay of the\nCasimir interaction becomes modified. We also demonstrate that, under certain\ncircumstances, the scaling function is constant for suffciently large values of\nthe scaling variable, and in consequence is not an analytical function. At $T >\nT_c$ the Casimir-like interactions reflect the structure of the correlation\nfunction, and, for certain orientations of the confining walls, show\nexponentially damped oscillatory behavior so that the corresponding force is\nattractive or repulsive depending on the distance.",
        "positive": "Entropy production in non-equilibrium fluctuating hydrodynamics: Fluctuating entropy production is studied for a set of linearly coupled\ncomplex fields. The general result is applied to non-equilibrium fluctuating\nhydrodynamic equations for coarse-grained fields (density, temperature and\nvelocity), in the framework of model granular fluids. We find that the average\nentropy production, obtained from the microscopic stochastic description, can\nbe expressed in terms of macroscopic quantities, in analogy with linear\nnon-equilibrium thermodynamics. We consider the specific cases of driven\ngranular fluids with two different kinds of thermostat and the homogeneous\ncooling regime. In all cases, the average entropy production turns out to be\nthe product of a thermodynamic force and a current: the former depends on the\nspecific energy injection mechanism, the latter takes always the form of a\nstatic correlation between fluctuations of density and temperature\ntime-derivative. Both vanish in the elastic limit. The behavior of the entropy\nproduction is studied at different length scales and the qualitative\ndifferences arising for the different granular models are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Trajectory reweighting for non-equilibrium steady states: Modern methods for sampling rugged landscapes in state space mainly rely on\nknowledge of the relative probabilities of microstates, which is given by the\nBoltzmann factor for equilibrium systems. In principle, trajectory reweighting\nprovides an elegant way to extend these algorithms to non-equilibrium systems,\nby numerically calculating the relative weights that can be directly\nsubstituted for the Boltzmann factor. We show that trajectory reweighting has\nmany commonalities with Rosenbluth sampling for chain macromolecules, including\npractical problems which stem from the fact that both are iterated importance\nsampling schemes: for long trajectories the distribution of trajectory weights\nbecomes very broad and trajectories carrying high weights are infrequently\nsampled, yet long trajectories are unavoidable in rugged landscapes. For\nprobing the probability landscapes of genetic switches and similar systems,\nthese issues preclude the straightforward use of trajectory reweighting. The\nanalogy to Rosenbluth sampling suggests though that path ensemble methods such\nas PERM (pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method) could provide a way forward.",
        "positive": "Ising model on a 2D additive Small-World Network: In this article, we have employed Monte Carlo simulations to study the Ising\nmodel on a two-dimensional additive small-world network (A-SWN). The system\nmodel consists of a LxL square lattice where each site of the lattice is\noccupied for a spin variable that interacts with the nearest neighbor and has a\ncertain probability p of being additionally connected at random to one of its\nfarther neighbors. The system is in contact with a heat bath at a given\ntemperature T and it is simulated by one-spin flip according to the Metropolis\nprescription. We have calculated the thermodynamic quantities of the system,\nsuch as, the magnetization per spin m, magnetic susceptibility chi, and the\nreduced fourth-order Binder cumulant U as a function of T for several values of\nlattice size L and additive probability p. We also have constructed the phase\ndiagram for the equilibrium states of the model in the plane T versus p showing\nthe existence of a continuous transition line between the ferromagnetic F and\nparamagnetic P phases. Using the finite-size scaling (FSS) theory, we have\nobtained the critical exponents for the system, where varying the parameter p,\nwe have observed a change in the critical behavior from the regular square\nlattice Ising model to A-SWN."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Flux-correlation approach to characterizing reaction pathways in quantum\n  systems: A study of condensed-phase proton-coupled electron transfer: We introduce a simple method for characterizing reactive pathways in quantum\nsystems. Flux auto- correlation and cross-correlation functions are employed to\ndevelop a quantitative measure of dynamical coupling in quantum transition\nevents, such as reactive tunneling and resonant energy transfer. We utilize the\nmethod to study condensed-phase proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET)\nreactions and to determine the relative importance of competing concerted and\nsequential reaction pathways. Results presented here include numerically exact\nquantum dynamics simulations for model condensed-phase PCET reactions. This\nwork demonstrates the applicability of the new method for the analysis of both\napproximate and exact quantum dynamics simulations.",
        "positive": "An Unusual Antagonistic Pleiotropy in the Penna Model for Biological\n  Ageing: We combine the Penna Model for biological aging, which is based on the\nmutation-accumulation theory, with a sort of antagonistic pleiotropy. We show\nthat depending on how the pleiotropy is introduced, it is possible to reproduce\nboth the humans mortality, which increases exponentially with age, and fruitfly\nmortality, which decelerates at old ages, allowing the appearance of\narbitrarily old Methuselah's."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation, fractals and the critical point in a nuclear reactor: The trajectories of neutrons in the reactor, the points of their fission of\nuranium nuclei, the points of neutron absorption, fission chains and chain\nreactions are considered from the standpoint of fractal geometry and\npercolation theory. In the study of the stationary critical operating mode of a\nnuclear reactor, models of Cayley trees and Laplacian fractals are used. This\napproach allows us to obtain the neutron multiplication equation and an\nexpression for the critical size of the reactor. Models of irreversible growth\nand various fractal dimensions are also considered as applied to the evolution\nof neutrons in a reactor. Prospects for the development of the proposed\napproach to describing reactors, primarily the kinetics and processes of\nneutron transfer, are indicated.",
        "positive": "Reply to the revised Comment [PRL 102, 139601; arXiv:0810.4791] on\n  ''Dynamic Scaling of Non-Euclidean Interfaces'': This is the Reply to the revised Comment [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 139601;\narXiv:0810.4791] by Joachim Krug on our paper: C. Escudero, Phys. Rev. Lett.\n100, 116101 (2008); arXiv:0804.1898."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact calculation of the mean first-passage time of continuous-time\n  random walks by nonhomogeneous Wiener-Hopf integral equations: We study the mean first-passage time (MFPT) for asymmetric continuous-time\nrandom walks in continuous-space characterised by waiting-times with finite\nmean and by jump-sizes with both finite mean and finite variance. In the\nasymptotic limit, this well-controlled process is governed by an\nadvection-diffusion equation and the MFPT results to be finite when the\nadvecting velocity is in the direction of the boundary. We derive a\nnonhomogeneous Wiener-Hopf integral equation that allows for the exact\ncalculation of the MFPT by avoiding asymptotic limits and it emerges to depend\non the whole distribution of the jump-sizes and on the mean-value only of the\nwaiting-times, thus it holds for general non-Markovian random walks. Through\nthe case study of a quite general family of asymmetric distributions of the\njump-sizes that is exponential towards the boundary and arbitrary in the\nopposite direction, we show that the MFPT is indeed independent of the\njump-sizes distribution in the opposite direction to the boundary. Moreover, we\nshow also that there exists a length-scale, which depends only on the features\nof the distribution of jumps in the direction of the boundary, such that for\nstarting points near the boundary the MFPT depends on the specific whole\ndistribution of jump-sizes, in opposition to the universality emerging for\nstarting points far-away from the boundary.",
        "positive": "Solution of the 2-star model of a network: The p-star model or exponential random graph is among the oldest and\nbest-known of network models. Here we give an analytic solution for the\nparticular case of the 2-star model, which is one of the most fundamental of\nexponential random graphs. We derive expressions for a number of quantities of\ninterest in the model and show that the degenerate region of the parameter\nspace observed in computer simulations is a spontaneously symmetry broken phase\nseparated from the normal phase of the model by a conventional continuous phase\ntransition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Counting spanning trees in self-similar networks by evaluating\n  determinants: Spanning trees are relevant to various aspects of networks. Generally, the\nnumber of spanning trees in a network can be obtained by computing a related\ndeterminant of the Laplacian matrix of the network. However, for a large\ngeneric network, evaluating the relevant determinant is computationally\nintractable. In this paper, we develop a fairly generic technique for computing\ndeterminants corresponding to self-similar networks, thereby providing a method\nto determine the numbers of spanning trees in networks exhibiting\nself-similarity. We describe the computation process with a family of networks,\ncalled $(x,y)$-flowers, which display rich behavior as observed in a large\nvariety of real systems. The enumeration of spanning trees is based on the\nrelationship between the determinants of submatrices of the Laplacian matrix\ncorresponding to the $(x,y)$-flowers at different generations and is devoid of\nthe direct laborious computation of determinants. Using the proposed method, we\nderive analytically the exact number of spanning trees in the $(x,y)$-flowers,\non the basis of which we also obtain the entropies of the spanning trees in\nthese networks. Moreover, to illustrate the universality of our technique, we\napply it to some other self-similar networks with distinct degree\ndistributions, and obtain explicit solutions to the numbers of spanning trees\nand their entropies. Finally, we compare our results for networks with the same\naverage degree but different structural properties, such as degree distribution\nand fractal dimension, and uncover the effect of these topological features on\nthe number of spanning trees.",
        "positive": "On the Role of External Constraints in a Spatially Extended Evolutionary\n  Prisoner's Dilemma Game: We study the emergency of mutual cooperation in evolutionary prisoner's\ndilemma games when the players are located on a square lattice. The players can\nchoose one of the three strategies: cooperation (C), defection (D) or \"tit for\ntat\" (T), and their total payoffs come from games with the nearest neighbors.\nDuring the random sequential updates the players adopt one of their neighboring\nstrategies if the chosen neighbor has higher payoff. We compare the effect of\ntwo types of external constraints added to the Darwinian evolutionary\nprocesses. In both cases the strategy of a randomly chosen player is replaced\nwith probability P by another strategy. In the first case, the strategy is\nreplaced by a randomly chosen one among the two others, while in the second\ncase the new strategy is always C. Using generalized mean-field approximations\nand Monte Carlo simulations the strategy concentrations are evaluated in the\nstationary state for different strength of external constraints characterized\nby the probability P."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Current fluctuations in an interacting active lattice gas: We study the fluctuations of the integrated density current across the origin\nup to time $T$ in a lattice model of active particles with hard-core\ninteractions. This model is amenable to an exact description within a\nfluctuating hydrodynamics framework. We focus on quenched initial conditions\nfor both the density and magnetization fields and derive expressions for the\ncumulants of the density current, which can be matched with direct numerical\nsimulations of the microscopic lattice model. For the case of uniform initial\nprofiles, we show that the second cumulant of the integrated current displays\nthree regimes: an initial $\\sqrt{T}$ rise with a coefficient given by the\nsymmetric simple exclusion process, a cross-over regime where the effects of\nactivity increase the fluctuations, and a large time $\\sqrt{T}$ behavior with a\nprefactor which depends on the initial conditions, the P\\'eclet number and the\nmean density of particles. Additionally, we study the limit of zero diffusion\nwhere the fluctuations intriguingly exhibit a $T^2$ behavior at short times.\nHowever, at large times, the fluctuations still grow as $\\sqrt{T}$, with a\ncoefficient that can be calculated explicitly. For low densities, we show that\nthis coefficient can be expressed in terms of the effective diffusion constant\n$D_{\\text{eff}}$ for non-interacting active particles.",
        "positive": "Anomalous scaling of dynamical large deviations: The typical values and fluctuations of time-integrated observables of\nnonequilibrium processes driven in steady states are known to be characterized\nby large deviation functions, generalizing the entropy and free energy to\nnonequilibrium systems. The definition of these functions involves a scaling\nlimit, similar to the thermodynamic limit, in which the integration time $\\tau$\nappears linearly, unless the process considered has long-range correlations, in\nwhich case $\\tau$ is generally replaced by $\\tau^\\xi$ with $\\xi\\neq 1$. Here we\nshow that such an anomalous power-law scaling in time of large deviations can\nalso arise without long-range correlations in Markovian processes as simple as\nthe Langevin equation. We describe the mechanism underlying this scaling using\npath integrals and discuss its physical consequences for more general\nprocesses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A non-perturbative real-space renormalization group scheme for the\n  spin-1/2 XXX Heisenberg model: In this article we apply a recently invented analytical real-space\nrenormalization group formulation which is based on numerical concepts of the\ndensity matrix renormalization group. Within a rigorous mathematical framework\nwe construct non-perturbative renormalization group transformations for the\nspin-1/2 XXX Heisenberg model in the finite temperature regime. The developed\nrenormalization group scheme allows for calculating the renormalization group\nflow behaviour in the temperature dependent coupling constant. The constructed\nrenormalization group transformations are applied within the ferromagnetic and\nthe anti-ferromagnetic regime of the Heisenberg chain. The ferromagnetic fixed\npoint is computed and compared to results derived by other techniques.",
        "positive": "Crossover between Ising and XY-like behavior in the off-equilibrium\n  kinetics of the one-dimensional clock model: We study the phase-ordering kinetics following a quench to a final\ntemperature $T_f$ of the one-dimensional p-state clock model. We show the\nexistence of a critical value $p_c=4$, where the properties of the dynamics\nchange. At $T_f=0$, for $p\\le p_c$ the dynamics is analogous to that of the\nkinetic Ising model, characterized by Brownian motion and annihilation of\ninterfaces. Dynamical scaling is obeyed with the same dynamical exponents and\nscaling functions of the Ising model. For $p>p_c$, instead, the dynamics is\ndominated by a texture mechanism analogous to the one-dimensional XY model, and\ndynamical scaling is violated. During the phase-ordering process at $T_f>0$,\nbefore equilibration occurs, a cross-over between an early XY-like regime and a\nlate Ising-like dynamics is observed for $p>p_c$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time-fractional Caputo derivative versus other integro-differential\n  operators in generalized Fokker-Planck and generalized Langevin equations: Fractional diffusion and Fokker-Planck equations are widely used tools to\ndescribe anomalous diffusion in a large variety of complex systems. The\nequivalent formulations in terms of Caputo or Riemann-Liouville fractional\nderivatives can be derived as continuum limits of continuous time random walks\nand are associated with the Mittag-Leffler relaxation of Fourier modes,\ninterpolating between a short-time stretched exponential and a long-time\ninverse power-law scaling. More recently, a number of other\nintegro-differential operators have been proposed, including the\nCaputo-Fabrizio and Atangana-Baleanu forms. Moreover, the conformable\nderivative has been introduced. We here study the dynamics of the associated\ngeneralized Fokker-Planck equations from the perspective of the moments, the\ntime averaged mean squared displacements, and the autocovariance functions. We\nalso study generalized Langevin equations based on these generalized operators.\nThe differences between the Fokker-Planck and Langevin equations with different\nintegro-differential operators are discussed and compared with the dynamic\nbehavior of established models of scaled Brownian motion and fractional\nBrownian motion. We demonstrate that the integro-differential operators with\nexponential and Mittag-Leffler kernels are not suitable to be introduced to\nFokker-Planck and Langevin equations for the physically relevant diffusion\nscenarios discussed in our paper. The conformable and Caputo Langevin equations\nare unveiled to share similar properties with scaled and fractional Brownian\nmotion, respectively.",
        "positive": "Bridging the Landau theory of crystallization and the cluster approach\n  to quasicrystals: We propose the theory which unifies the description of quasicrystal assembly\nthermodynamics and quasicrystal structure formation by combining the Landau\ntheory of crystallization and the cluster approach to quasicrystals. The theory\nis illustrated on the example of pentagonal Penrose quasilattice. The\ncoordinates of the quasilattice nodes are calculated by minimizing the Landau\nfree energy with the constraint imposed by internal organization of atomic\nclusters, without explicit use of high-dimensional crystallography. The\nprocedure proposed establishes direct relations between the cluster\norganization, quasicrystalline structure and thermodynamic properties of the\nquasicrystalline state. The correspondence is shown between the basic features\nof the proposed algorithm for quasilattice construction, on the one hand, and\nthe conventional projection method, on the other hand. It provides a new\nphysical justification for high-dimensional crystallography methods\napplication."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tagged Particle Correlations in the Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process:\n  Finite Size Effects: We study finite size effects in the variance of the displacement of a tagged\nparticle in the stationary state of the Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process\n(ASEP) on a ring of size $L$. The process involves hard core particles\nundergoing stochastic driven dynamics on a lattice. The variance of the\ndisplacement of the tagged particle, averaged with respect to an initial\nstationary ensemble and stochastic evolution, grows linearly with time at both\nsmall and very large times. We find that at intermediate times, it shows\noscillations with a well defined size-dependent period. These oscillations\narise from sliding density fluctuations (SDF) in the stationary state with\nrespect to the drift of the tagged particle, the density fluctuations being\ntransported through the system by kinematic waves. In the general context of\ndriven diffusive systems, both the Edwards-Wilkinson (EW) and the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) fixed points are unstable with respect to the SDF\nfixed point, a flow towards which is generated on adding a gradient term to the\nEW and the KPZ time-evolution equation. We also study tagged particle\ncorrelations for a fixed initial configuration, drawn from the stationary\nensemble, following earlier work by van Beijeren. We find that the time\ndependence of this correlation is determined by the dissipation of the density\nfluctuations. We show that an exactly solvable linearized model captures the\nessential qualitative features seen in the finite size effects of the tagged\nparticle correlations in the ASEP. Moreover, this linearized model also\nprovides an exact coarse-grained description of two other microscopic models.",
        "positive": "Maximum speed of dissipation: We derive statistical-mechanical speed limits on dissipation from the\nclassical, chaotic dynamics of many-particle systems. In one, the rate of\nirreversible entropy production in the environment is the maximum speed of a\ndeterministic system out of equilibrium, $\\bar S_e/k_B\\geq 1/2\\Delta t$, and\nits inverse is the minimum time to execute the process, $\\Delta t\\geq k_B/2\\bar\nS_e$. Starting with deterministic fluctuation theorems, we show there is a\ncorresponding class of speed limits for physical observables measuring\ndissipation rates. For example, in many-particle systems interacting with a\ndeterministic thermostat, there is a trade-off between the time to evolve\nbetween states and the heat flux, $\\bar{Q}\\Delta t\\geq k_BT/2$. These bounds\nconstrain the relationship between dissipation and time during nonstationary\nprocess, including transient excursions from steady states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling and finte-size-scaling in the two dimensional random-coupling\n  Ising ferromagnet: It is shown by Monte Carlo method that the finite size scaling (FSS) holds in\nthe two dimensional random-coupled Ising ferromagnet. It is also demonstrated\nthat the form of universal FSS function constructed via novel FSS scheme\ndepends on the strength of the random coupling for strongly disordered cases.\nMonte Carlo measurements of thermodynamic (infinite volume limit) data of the\ncorrelation length ($\\xi$) up to $\\xi \\simeq 200$ along with measurements of\nthe fourth order cumulant ratio (Binder's ratio) at criticality are reported\nand analyzed in view of two competing scenarios. It is demonstrated that the\ndata are almost exclusively consistent with the scenario of weak universality.",
        "positive": "Analytic solution of a static scale-free network model: We present a detailed analytical study of a paradigmatic scale-free network\nmodel, the Static Model. Analytical expressions for its main properties are\nderived by using the hidden variables formalism. We map the model into a\ncanonic hidden variables one, and solve the latter. The good agreement between\nour predictions and extensive simulations of the original model suggests that\nthe mapping is exact in the infinite network size limit. One of the most\nremarkable findings of this study is the presence of relevant disassortative\ncorrelations, which are induced by the physical condition of absence of self\nand multiple connections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New Entropy Formula with Fluctuating Reservoir: Finite heat reservoir capacity and temperature fluctuations lead to\nmodification of the well known canonical exponential weight factor. Requiring\nthat the corrections least depend on the one-particle energy, we derive a\ndeformed entropy, K(S). The resulting formula contains the Boltzmann-Gibbs, the\nRenyi and the Tsallis formulas as particular cases. For extreme large\nfluctuations (compared to the Gaussian case) a new, parameter-free entropy -\nprobability relation emerges. This formula and the corresponding canonical\nequilibrium distribution are nearly Boltzmannian for high probability, but\ndeviate from the classical result for low probability. In the extreme large\nfluctuation limit the canonical distribution resembles for low probability the\ncumulative Gompertz distribution.",
        "positive": "Fractal catastrophes: We analyse the spatial inhomogeneities ('spatial clustering') in the\ndistribution of particles accelerated by a force that changes randomly in space\nand time. To quantify spatial clustering, the phase-space dynamics of the\nparticles must be projected to configuration space. Folds of a smooth\nphase-space manifold give rise to catastrophes ('caustics') in this projection.\nWhen the inertial particle dynamics is damped by friction, however, the\nphase-space manifold converges towards a fractal attractor. It is believed that\ncaustics increase spatial clustering also in this case, but a quantitative\ntheory is missing. We solve this problem by determining how projection affects\nthe distribution of finite-time Lyapunov exponents. Applying our method in one\nspatial dimension we find that caustics arising from the projection of a\ndynamical fractal attractor ('fractal catastrophes') make a distinct and\nuniversal contribution to the distribution of spatial finite-time Lyapunov\nexponents. Our results explain a projection formula for the spatial fractal\ncorrelation dimension, and how a fluctuation relation for the distribution of\nfinite-time Lyapunov exponents for white-in-time Gaussian force fields breaks\nupon projection. We explore the implications of our results for heavy particles\nin turbulence, and for wave propagation in random media."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy Balance and Dispersive Oscillations in Lattice Boltzmann Models: We conduct an investigation into the dispersive post-shock oscillations in\nthe entropic lattice-Boltzmann method (ELBM). To this end we use a root finding\nalgorithm to implement the ELBM which displays fast cubic convergence and\nguaranties the proper sign of dissipation. The resulting simulation on the\none-dimensional shock tube shows no benefit in terms of regularization from\nusing the ELBM over the standard LBGK method. We also conduct an experiment\ninvestigating of the LBGK method using median filtering at a single point per\ntime step. Here we observe that significant regularization can be achieved.",
        "positive": "Correlation functions of an interacting spinless fermion model at finite\n  temperature: We formulate correlation functions for a one-dimensional interacting spinless\nfermion model at finite temperature. By combination of a lattice path integral\nformulation for thermodynamics with the algebraic Bethe ansatz for fermion\nsystems, the equal-time one-particle Green's function at arbitrary particle\ndensity is expressed as a multiple integral form. Our formula reproduces\npreviously known results in the following three limits: the zero-temperature,\nthe infinite-temperature and the free fermion limits."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A gas of elongated objects; an analytical approach: We calculate a collective number of thermodynamic quantities in a\none-dimensional gas of hard elongated objects (such as needles) whose centers\nmobile on a line. Our formalism uses an approximation for the probabilities of\ncontact between the objects. We show that in moderate pressures the quantities\nextracted from the noncentral potential do not rely on its noncentrality,\ninstead we can extract them analytically from a central potential. Our\nformalism reproduces the nontrivial features of a gas of elongated objects.\nFinally, we show below a crossover pressure $p_o$ the rotational couplings\ncauses quantities proportional to inverse distance (such as density) are on\naverage deviated from the inverse of average distance.",
        "positive": "Jarzynski equality in the context of maximum path entropy: In the global framework of finding an axiomatic derivation of nonequilibrium\nStatistical Mechanics from fundamental principles, such as the maximum path\nentropy -- also known as Maximum Caliber principle -- , this work proposes an\nalternative derivation of the well-known Jarzynski equality, a nonequilibrium\nidentity of great importance today due to its applications to irreversible\nprocesses: biological systems (protein folding), mechanical systems, among\nothers. This equality relates the free energy differences between two\nequilibrium thermodynamic states with the work performed when going between\nthose states, through an average over a path ensemble.\n  In this work the analysis of Jarzynski's equality will be performed using the\nformalism of inference over path space. This derivation highlights the wide\ngenerality of Jarzynski's original result, which could even be used in\nnon-thermodynamical settings such as social systems, financial and ecological\nsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to M. Mel\u00e9ndez and W. G. Hoover [arXiv:1206.0188v2]: In response to the recent critical comment by M. Mel\\'endez and W. G. Hoover\n[arXiv:1206.0188v2] on our work [M. Campisi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108,\n250601 (2012)], we show that their molecular dynamics simulations do not\ndisprove our theory but in fact convincingly corroborate it.",
        "positive": "Do hard spheres have natural boundaries?: I use recent advances in the study of the susceptibility of the Ising model\nto propose a new mechanism for the freezing transition which is observed in\nthree dimensional hard spheres."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of Osmosis in a Porous Medium: We derive from kinetic theory, fluid mechanics, and thermodynamics the\nminimal continuum-level equations governing the flow of a binary,\nnon-electrolytic mixture in an isotropic porous medium with osmotic effects.\nFor dilute mixtures, these equations are linear and in this limit provide a\ntheoretical basis for the widely-used semi-empirical relations of Kedem and\nKatchalsky (1958), which have hitherto been validated experimentally but not\ntheoretically. The above linearity between the fluxes and the driving forces\nbreaks down for concentrated or non-ideal mixtures, for which our equations go\nbeyond the Kedem-Katchalsky formulation. We show that the heretofore empirical\nsolute permeability coefficient reflects the momentum transfer between the\nsolute molecules that are rejected at a pore entrance and the solvent molecules\nentering the pore space; it can be related to the inefficiency of a Maxwellian\ndemi-demon.}",
        "positive": "Completing Bethe's equations at roots of unity: In a previous paper we demonstrated that Bethe's equations are not sufficient\nto specify the eigenvectors of the XXZ model at roots of unity for states where\nthe Hamiltonian has degenerate eigenvalues. We here find the equations which\nwill complete the specification of the eigenvectors in these degenerate cases\nand present evidence that the $sl_2$ loop algebra symmetry is sufficiently\npowerful to determine that the highest weight of each irreducible\nrepresentation is given by Bethe's ansatz."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of The Ehrlich-Schwoebel Potential Barrier on the Wolf-Villain\n  Model Simulations for Thin Film Growth: \\emph{Wolf-Villain (WV) model} is a simple model used to study \\emph{ideal}\nmolecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth by using computer simulations. In this\nmodel, an adatom diffuses instantaneously within a finite diffusion length to\nmaximize its coordination number. We study statistical properties of thin films\ngrown by this model. The morphology of the WV model is found to be kinetically\nrough with a downhill particle diffusion current. In real MBE growth, however,\nthere are additional factors such as the existence of a potential barrier that\nis known as the \\emph{Ehrlich-Schwoebel (ES) barrier}. The ES barrier is an\nadditional barrier for an adatom that diffuses over a step edge from the upper\nto a lower terrace which is known to induce an uphill particle current. We\nfound that with the addition of the ES barrier, the WV-ES model morphology is\nrough with \\emph{mound formation} on the surface when the barrier is strong\nenough. To confirm these results, the correlation function is also studied. We\nfind no oscillation in the correlation function in the WV model. For the WV-ES\nmodel, the correlation function oscillates. These results confirm that a strong\nenough ES barrier can cause mound formation on the WV surface in our study.",
        "positive": "Wang-Landau study of the 3D Ising model with bond disorder: We implement a two-stage approach of the Wang-Landau algorithm to investigate\nthe critical properties of the 3D Ising model with quenched bond randomness. In\nparticular, we consider the case where disorder couples to the nearest-neighbor\nferromagnetic interaction, in terms of a bimodal distribution of strong versus\nweak bonds. Our simulations are carried out for large ensembles of disorder\nrealizations and lattices with linear sizes $L$ in the range $L=8-64$. We apply\nwell-established finite-size scaling techniques and concepts from the scaling\ntheory of disordered systems to describe the nature of the phase transition of\nthe disordered model, departing gradually from the fixed point of the pure\nsystem. Our analysis (based on the determination of the critical exponents)\nshows that the 3D random-bond Ising model belongs to the same universality\nclass with the site- and bond-dilution models, providing a single universality\nclass for the 3D Ising model with these three types of quenched uncorrelated\ndisorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical percolation on the kagome hypergraph: We study the percolation critical surface of the kagome lattice in which each\ntriangle is allowed an arbitrary connectivity. Using the method of critical\npolynomials, we find points along this critical surface to high precision. This\nkagome hypergraph contains many unsolved problems as special cases, including\nbond percolation on the kagome and $(3,12^2)$ lattices, and site percolation on\nthe hexagonal, or honeycomb, lattice, as well as a single point for which there\nis an exact solution. We are able to compute enough points along the critical\nsurface to find a very accurate fit, essentially a Taylor series about the\nexact point, that allows estimations of the critical point of any system that\nlies on the surface to precision rivaling Monte Carlo and traditional\ntechniques of similar accuracy. We find also that this system sheds light on\nsome of the surprising aspects of the method of critical polynomials, such as\nwhy it is so accurate for certain problems, like the kagome and $(3,12^2)$\nlattices. The bond percolation critical points of these lattices can be found\nto 17 and 18 digits, respectively, because they are in close proximity, in a\nsense that can be made quantitative, to the exact point on the critical\nsurface. We also discuss in detail a parallel implementation of the method\nwhich we use here for a few calculations.",
        "positive": "Spin Maser under Stationary Pumping: Spin dynamics of a polarized spin system is studied when the latter is\ncoupled with a resonant electric circuit and is under the action of an external\npumping supporting a stationary nonequilibrium magnetization. A complete\nclassification of possible regimes of spin motion is given. In addition to\nseven regimes considered earlier, two other transient regimes are found and\nthoroughly described: One is an oscillatory regime, when spins always move\ncoherently but the degree of coherence fluctuates with time. Another is a\npulsing regime, when spins reveal coherent motion during short pulses separated\nfrom each other by intervals of incoherent motion. These regimes are, in\nprinciple, transient, although may be extremely long lasting; their duration\nmay be several orders longer than the transverse relaxation time and twice\nlonger than the longitudinal relaxation time. Both transient regimes end with a\ncoherent quasistationary regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Short-range Ising spin glasses: the metastate interpretation of replica\n  symmetry breaking: Parisi's formal replica-symmetry--breaking (RSB) scheme for mean-field spin\nglasses has long been interpreted in terms of many pure states organized\nultrametrically. However, the early version of this interpretation, as applied\nto the short-range Edwards-Anderson model, runs into problems because as shown\nby Newman and Stein (NS) it does not allow for chaotic size dependence, and\npredicts non-self-averaging that cannot occur. NS proposed the concept of the\nmetastate (a probability distribution over infinite-size Gibbs states in a\ngiven sample that captures the effects of chaotic size dependence) and a\nnon-standard interpretation of the RSB results in which the metastate is\nnon-trivial and is responsible for what was called non-self-averaging. Here we\nuse the effective field theory of RSB, in conjunction with the rigorous\ndefinitions of pure states and the metastate in infinite-size systems, to show\nthat the non-standard picture follows directly from the RSB mean-field theory.\nIn addition, the metastate-averaged state possesses power-law correlations\nthroughout the low temperature phase; the corresponding exponent $\\zeta$ takes\nthe value $4$ according to the field theory in high dimensions $d$, and\ndescribes the effective fractal dimension of clusters of spins. Further, the\nlogarithm of the number of pure states in the decomposition of the\nmetastate-averaged state that can be distinguished if only correlations in a\nwindow of size $W$ can be observed is of order $W^{d-\\zeta}$. These results\nextend the non-standard picture quantitatively; we show that arguments against\nthis scenario are inconclusive.",
        "positive": "Finite size scaling of current fluctuations in the totally asymmetric\n  exclusion process: We study the fluctuations of the current J(t) of the totally asymmetric\nexclusion process with open boundaries. Using a density matrix renormalization\ngroup approach, we calculate the cumulant generating function of the current.\nThis function can be interpreted as a free energy for an ensemble in which\nhistories are weighted by exp(-sJ(t)). We show that in this ensemble the model\nhas a first order space-time phase transition at s=0. We numerically determine\nthe finite size scaling of the cumulant generating function near this phase\ntransition, both in the non-equilibrium steady state and for large times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How general is the Jensen--Varadhan large deviation functional for 1D\n  conservation laws?: Starting from a microscopic particle model whose hydrodynamic limit under\nhyperbolic space-time scaling is a 1D conservation law, we derive the large\ndeviation rate function encoding the probability to observe a density profile\nwhich is a non entropic shock, and compare this large deviation rate function\nwith the classical Jensen-Varadhan functional, valid for the totally asymmetric\nexclusion process and the weakly asymmetric exclusion process in the strong\nasymmetry limit. We find that these two functionals have no reason to coincide,\nand in this sense Jensen-Varadhan functional is not universal. However, they do\ncoincide in a small Mach number limit, suggesting that universality is restored\nin this regime. We then compute the leading order correction to the\nJensen-Varadhan functional.",
        "positive": "Mean-Field Treatment of the Many-Body Fokker-Planck Equation: We review some properties of the stationary states of the Fokker - Planck\nequation for N interacting particles within a mean field approximation, which\nyields a non-linear integrodifferential equation for the particle density.\nAnalytical results show that for attractive long range potentials the steady\nstate is always a precipitate containing one cluster of small size. For\narbitrary potential, linear stability analysis allows to state the conditions\nunder which the uniform equilibrium state is unstable against small\nperturbations and, via the Einstein relation, to define a critical temperature\nTc separating two phases, uniform and precipitate. The corresponding phase\ndiagram turns out to be strongly dependent on the pair-potential. In addition,\nnumerical calculations reveal that the transition is hysteretic. We finally\ndiscuss the dynamics of relaxation for the uniform state suddenly cooled below\nTc."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "N-Site approximations and CAM analysis for a stochastic sandpile: I develop n-site cluster approximations for a stochastic sandpile in one\ndimension. A height restriction is imposed to limit the number of states: each\nsite can harbor at most two particles (height z_i \\leq 2). (This yields a\nconsiderable simplification over the unrestricted case, in which the number of\nstates per site is unbounded.) On the basis of results for n \\leq 11 sites, I\nestimate the critical particle density as zeta_c = 0.930(1), in good agreement\nwith simulations. A coherent anomaly analysis yields estimates for the order\nparameter exponent [beta = 0.41(1)] and the relaxation time exponent (nu_||\n\\simeq 2.5).",
        "positive": "A bridge between liquids and socio-economic systems: the key role of\n  interaction strengths: One distinctive and pervasive aspect of social systems is the fact that they\ncomprise several kinds of agents. Thus, in order to draw parallels with\nphysical systems one is lead to consider binary (or multi-component) compounds.\nRecent views about the mixing of liquids in solutions gained from neutron and\nX-ray scattering show these systems to have a number of similarities with\nsocio-economic systems. It appears that such phenomena as rearrangement of\nbonds in a solution, gas condensation, selective evaporation of molecules can\nbe transposed in a natural way to socio-economic phenomena. These connections\nprovide a novel perspective for looking at social systems which we illustrate\nthrough some examples. For instance, we interpret suicide as an escape\nphenomenon and in order to test that interpretation we consider social systems\ncharacterized by very low levels of social interaction. For those systems\nsuicide rates are found to be 10 to 100 times higher than in the general\npopulation. Another interesting parallel concerns the phase transition which\noccurs when locusts gather together to form swarms which may contain several\nbillion insects. What hinders the thorough investigation of such cases from the\nstandpoint of collective phenomena that we advocate is the lack or inadequacy\nof statistical data for, up to now, they were collected for completely\ndifferent purposes. Most essential for further progress are statistics which\nwould permit to estimate the strength of social ties and interactions. Once\nadequate data become available, rapid advance may be expected."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inertia in spatial public goods games under weak selection: Due to limited cognitive skills for perceptual error or other emotional\nreasons, players may keep their current strategies even if there is a more\npromising choice. Such behavior inertia has already been studied, but its\nconsequences remained unexplored in the weak selection limit. To fill this gap,\nwe consider a spatial public goods game model where inertia is considered\nduring the imitation process. By using the identity-by-descent method, we\npresent analytical forms of the critical synergy factor $r^\\star$, which\ndetermines when cooperation is favored. We find that inertia hinders\ncooperation, which can be explained by the decelerated coarsening process under\nweak selection. Interestingly, the critical synergy conditions for different\nupdating protocols, including death-birth and birth-death rules, can be\nformally linked by the extreme limits of the inertia factor. To explore the\nrobustness of our observations, calculations are made for different lattices\nand group sizes. Monte Carlo simulations also confirm the results.",
        "positive": "Phase transition induced for external field in tree-dimensional\n  isotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnet: In this paper, we report mean-field and effective-field renormalization group\ncalculations on the isotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnetic model under a\nlongitudinal magnetic field. As is already known, these methods, denoted by\nMFRG and EFRG, are based on the comparison of two clusters of different sizes,\neach of them trying to mimic certain Bravais lattice. Our attention has been on\nthe obtantion of the critical frontier in the plane of temperature versus\nmagnetic field, for the simple cubic and the body-centered cubic lattices. We\nused clusters with $N=1,2,4$ spins so as to implement MFRG-12, EFRG-12 and\nEFRG-24 numerical equations. Consequently, the resulting frontier lines show\nthat EFRG approach overcomes the MFRG problems when clusters of larger sizes\nare considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Descriptive Thermodynamics: Thermodynamics (in concert with its sister discipline, statistical physics)\ncan be regarded as a data reduction scheme based on partitioning a total system\ninto a subsystem and a bath that weakly interact with each other. The ubiquity\nand applicability of the scheme chiefly derives from that of partitioning\nprotocols in experiments and observations. Whereas conventionally, the systems\ninvestigated require this form of data reduction in order to facilitate\nprediction, a different problem also occurs, in the context of communication\nnetworks, markets, etc. Such \"empirically accessible\" systems typically\noverwhelm observers with the sort of information that in the case of (say) a\ngas is effectively unobtainable. What is required for such complex interacting\nsystems is not prediction (this may be impossible when humans besides the\nobserver are responsible for the interactions) but rather,_description_ as a\nroute to understanding. Still, the need for a thermodynamical data reduction\nscheme remains. In this paper, we show how an empirical temperature can be\ncomputed for finite, empirically accessible systems, and further outline how\nthis construction allows the age-old science of thermodynamics to be fruitfully\napplied to them. The particular example of TCP/IP networks will be briefly\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Geometric variations of the Boltzmann entropy: We perform a calculation of the first and second order infinitesimal\nvariations, with respect to energy, of the Boltzmann entropy of constant energy\nhypersurfaces of a system with a finite number of degrees of freedom. We\ncomment on the stability interpretation of the second variation in this\nframework."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bethe lattice approach study of the mixed spin-$\\frac{1}{2}$ and\n  spin-$\\frac{7}{2}$ Ising model in a longitudinal magnetic field: The magnetic properties of the mixed spin-$\\frac{1}{2}$ and\nspin-$\\frac{7}{2}$ Ising model with a crystal-field in a longitudinal magnetic\nfield are investigated on the Bethe lattice using exact recursion relations.\nThe ground-state phase diagram is constructed. The temperature-dependent one is\ndisplayed in the case of uniform crystal-field on the $(k_{\\text{B}}T/|J|,\nD/|J|)$ plane in the absence of the external constraint for lattice\ncoordination numbers $z = 3, 4, 6$. The order parameters and corresponding\nresponse functions as well as the internal energy are calculated and examined\nin detail in order to feature the real nature of phase boundaries and\ncorresponding temperatures. The thermal variations of the average magnetization\nare classified according to the N\\'{e}el nomenclature.",
        "positive": "Hilbert fluid dynamics equations expressed in Chapman-Enskog pressure\n  tensor and heat current: The connection between the Chapman-Enskog and Hilbert expansions is\ninvestigated in detail. In particular the fluid dynamics equations of any order\nin the Hilbert expansion are given in terms of the pressure tensor and heat\ncurrent of the Chapman-Enskog expansion"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Planar Voronoi cells : the violation of Aboav's law explained: In planar cellular systems $m\\_n$ denotes the average sidedness of a cell\nneighboring an $n$-sided cell. Aboav's empirical law states that $nm\\_n$ is\nlinear in $n$. A downward curvature is nevertheless observed in the numerical\n$nm\\_n$ data of the Random Voronoi Froth. The exact large-N expansion of $m\\_n$\nobtained in the present work, {\\it viz.} $m\\_n=4+3(\\pi/n)^{{1/2}}+...$,\nexplains this curvature. Its inverse square root dependence on $n$ sets a new\ntheoretical paradigm. Similar curved behavior may be expected, and must indeed\nbe looked for, in experimental data of sufficiently high resolution. We argue\nthat it occurs, in particular, in diffusion-limited colloidal aggregation on\nthe basis of recent simulation data due to Fern\\'andez-Toledano {\\it et al.}\n[{\\it Phys. Rev. E} {\\bf 71}, 041401 (2005)] and earlier experimental results\nby Earnshaw and Robinson [{\\it Phys. Rev. Lett.} {\\bf 72}, 3682 (1994)].",
        "positive": "Computing characteristic functions of quantum work in phase space: In phase space, we analytically obtain the characteristic functions (CFs) of\na forced harmonic oscillator [Talkner et al., Phys. Rev. E, 75, 050102 (2007)],\na time-dependent mass and frequency harmonic oscillator [Deffner and Lutz,\nPhys. Rev. E, 77, 021128 (2008)], and coupled harmonic oscillators under\ndriving forces in a simple and unified way. For general quantum systems, a\nnumerical method that approximates the CFs to $\\hbar^2$ order is proposed. We\nexemplify the method with a time-dependent frequency harmonic oscillator and a\nfamily of quantum systems with time-dependent even power-law potentials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Zero range and finite range processes with asymmetric rate functions: We introduce and solve exactly a class of interacting particle systems in one\ndimension where particles hop asymmetrically. In its simplest form, namely\nasymmetric zero range process (AZRP), particles hop on a one dimensional\nperiodic lattice with asymmetric hop rates; the rates for both right and left\nmoves depend only on the occupation at the departure site but their functional\nforms are different. We show that AZRP leads to a factorized steady state (FSS)\nwhen its rate-functions satisfy certain constraints. We demonstrate with\nexplicit examples that AZRP exhibits certain interesting features which were\nnot possible in usual zero range process. Firstly, it can undergo a\ncondensation transition depending on how often a particle makes a right move\ncompared to a left one and secondly, the particle current in AZRP can reverse\nits direction as density is changed. We show that these features are common in\nother asymmetric models which have FSS, like the asymmetric misanthrope process\nwhere rate functions for right and left hops are different, and depend on\noccupation of both the departure and the arrival site. We also derive\nsufficient conditions for having cluster-factorized steady states for finite\nrange process with such asymmetric rate functions and discuss possibility of\ncondensation there.",
        "positive": "Anisotropic Coarsening: Grain Shapes and Nonuniversal Persistence: We solve a coarsening system with small but arbitrary anisotropic surface\ntension and interface mobility. The resulting size-dependent growth shapes are\nsignificantly different from equilibrium microcrystallites, and have a\ndistribution of grain sizes different from isotropic theories. As an\napplication of our results, we show that the persistence decay exponent depends\non anisotropy and hence is nonuniversal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the dynamics of Kac $p$-spin glasses: This paper discusses the dynamical properties of $p$-spin models with Kac\nkind interactions. For large but finite interaction range $R$ one finds two\ndifferent time scales for relaxation. A first relaxation roughly independent of\n$R$ where the system is confined to limited regions of the configuration space\nand an $R$ dependent time scale where the system is able to escape the\nconfining regions. I will argue that the $R$ independent time scales can be\ndescribed through dynamical mean field theory, while non-perturbative new\ntechniques have to be used to deal with the $R$ dependent scales.",
        "positive": "Kibble-Zurek scaling in one-dimensional localization transitions: In this work, we explore the driven dynamics of the one-dimensional ($1$D)\nlocalization transitions. By linearly changing the strength of disorder\npotential, we calculate the evolution of the localization length $\\xi$ and the\ninverse participation ratio (IPR) in a disordered Aubry-Andr\\'{e} (AA) model,\nand investigate the dependence of these quantities on the driving rate. At\nfirst, we focus on the limit in the absence of the quasiperiodic potential. We\nfind that the driven dynamics from both ground state and excited state can be\ndescribed by the Kibble-Zurek scaling (KZS). Then, the driven dynamics near the\ncritical point of the AA model is studied. Here, since both the disorder and\nthe quasiperiodic potential are relevant directions, the KZS should include\nboth scaling variables. Our present work not only extends our understanding of\nthe localization transitions but also generalize the application of the KZS."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging effects in the quantum dynamics of a dissipative free particle:\n  non-ohmic case: We report new results related to the two-time dynamics of the coordinate of a\nquantum free particle, damped through its interaction with a fractal thermal\nbath (non-ohmic coupling $\\sim\\omega^\\delta$ with $0<\\delta<1$ or\n$1<\\delta<2)$. When the particle is localized, its position does not age. When\nit undergoes anomalous diffusion, only its displacement may be defined. It is\nshown to be an aging variable. The finite temperature aging regime is\nself-similar. It is described by a scaling function of the ratio ${t_w/\\tau}$\nof the waiting time to the observation time, as characterized by an exponent\ndirectly linked to $\\delta$.",
        "positive": "Quantum implications of non-extensive statistics: Exploring the analogy between quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics we\nformulate an integrated version of the Quantropy functional [1]. With this\nprescription we compute the propagator associated to Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics\nin the semiclassical approximation as $K=F(T) \\exp\\left(i S_{cl}/\\hbar\\right)$.\nWe determine also propagators associated to different non-additive statistics;\nthose are the entropies depending only on the probability $S_{\\pm}$ [2] and\nTsallis entropy $S_q$ [3]. For $S_{\\pm}$ we obtain a power series solution for\nthe probability vs. the energy, which can be analytically continued to the\ncomplex plane, and employed to obtain the propagators. Our work is motivated by\n[4] where a modified q-Schr\\\"odinger equation is obtained; that provides the\nwave function for the free particle as a q-exponential. The modified\nq-propagator obtained with our method, leads to the same q-wave function for\nthat case. The procedure presented in this work allows to calculate q-wave\nfunctions in problems with interactions; determining non-linear quantum\nimplications of non-additive statistics. In a similar manner the corresponding\ngeneralized wave functions associated to $S_{\\pm}$ can also be constructed. The\ncorrections to the original propagator are explicitly determined in the case of\na free particle and the harmonic oscillator for which the semi-classical\napproximation is exact."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Static Structural Signatures of Nearly Jammed Disordered and Ordered\n  Hard-Sphere Packings: Direct Correlation Function: Dynamical signatures are known to precede jamming in hard-particle systems,\nbut static structural signatures have proven more elusive. The observation that\ncompressing hard-particle packings towards jamming causes growing\nhyperuniformity has paved the way for the analysis of jamming as an \"inverted\ncritical point\" in which the direct correlation function $c(r)$ diverges. We\nestablish quantitative relationships between various singularities in $c(r)$\nand the total correlation function $h(r)$ that provide a concrete means of\nidentifying features that must be expressed in $c(r)$ if one hopes to reproduce\ndetails in the pair correlation function accurately. We also analyze systems of\nthree-dimensional monodisperse hard-spheres of diameter $D$ as they approach\nordered and disordered jammed configurations. For the latter, we use the\nLubachevsky-Stillinger (LS) and Torquato-Jiao (TJ) packing algorithms, which\nboth generate disordered packings, but can show perceptible structural\ndifferences. We identify a short-ranged scaling $c(r) \\propto -1/r$ as $r\n\\rightarrow 0$ and show that this, along with the developing delta function at\n$c(D)$, is a consequence of the growing long-rangedness in $c(r)$. Near the\nfreezing density, we identify qualitative differences in the structure factor\n$S(k)$ as well as $c(r)$ between TJ- and LS-generated configurations and link\nthem to differences in the protocols' packing dynamics. Configurations from\nboth algorithms have structure factors that approach zero in the low-wavenumber\nlimit as jamming is approached and are shown to exhibit a corresponding\npower-law decay in $c(r)$ for large $r$ as a consequence. Our work advances the\nnotion that static signatures are exhibited by hard-particle packings as they\napproach jamming and underscores the utility of the direct correlation function\nas a means of monitoring for an incipient rigid network.",
        "positive": "The range of meta stability of ice-water melting for two simple models\n  of water: A number of crystal structures of water have been `superheated' in Monte\nCarlo simulations. Two well known models for water were considered; namely the\nTIP4P model and the SPC/E model. By comparing the fluid-solid coexistence\ntemperature to the temperature at which the solid becomes mechanically unstable\nand melts it is possible to determine the typical range of temperatures over\nwhich is possible to superheat the ice phases in conventional simulation\nstudies. It is found that the ice phases can be superheated to approximately\n90K beyond the fluid-solid coexistence temperature. Beyond this limit they\nspontaneously melt. This limit appears to depend weakly both on the type of ice\nphase considered and on the chosen model. Obviously only rigorous free energy\ncalculations can determine the equilibrium fluid-solid coexistence of a model.\nHowever, a \"rule of thumb\" is that, by subtracting 90K from the mechanically\nstability limit of the the ice phase one is provided with a first guess as to\nthe equilibrium fluid-solid coexistence temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic field chaos in the SK Model: We study the Sherrington--Kirkpatrick model, both above and below the De\nAlmeida Thouless line, by using a modified version of the Parallel Tempering\nalgorithm in which the system is allowed to move between different values of\nthe magnetic field h. The behavior of the probability distribution of the\noverlap between two replicas at different values of the magnetic field h_0 and\nh_1 gives clear evidence for the presence of magnetic field chaos already for\nmoderate system sizes, in contrast to the case of temperature chaos, which is\nnot visible on system sizes that can currently be thermalized.",
        "positive": "Spin scattering of a particle for periodic boundary conditions: We have studied anomalous diffusion of a particle in a random medium in which\nthe passage of the particle may modify the state of the visited sites. The\nsimplicity of the dynamics allows analytic solution. Interesting propagation\nand organization behaviors will be reported."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Translation-invariant relativistic Langevin equation derived from first\n  principles: The relativistic Langevin equation poses a number of technical and conceptual\nproblems related to its derivation and underlying physical assumptions.\nRecently, a method has been proposed in [A. Petrosyan and A. Zaccone, J. Phys.\nA: Math. Theor. 55 015001 (2022)] to derive the relativistic Langevin equation\nfrom a first-principles particle-bath Lagrangian. As a result of the\nparticle-bath coupling, a new ``restoring force'' term appeared, which breaks\ntranslation symmetry. Here we revisit this problem aiming at deriving a fully\ntranslation-invariant relativistic Langevin equation. We successfully do this\nby adopting the renormalization potential protocol originally suggested by\nCaldeira and Leggett. The relativistic renormalization potential is derived\nhere and shown to reduce to Caldeira and Leggett's form in the non-relativistic\nlimit. The introduction of this renormalization potential successfully removes\nthe restoring force and a fully translation-invariant relativistic Langevin\nequation is derived for the first time. The physically necessary character of\nthe renormalization potential is discussed in analogy with non-relativistic\nsystems, where it emerges due to the renormalization of the tagged particle\ndynamics due to its interaction with the bath oscillators (a phenomenon akin to\nlevel-repulsion or avoided-crossing in condensed matter). We discuss the\nproperties that the corresponding non-Markovian friction kernel has to satisfy,\nwith implications ranging from transport models of the quark-gluon plasma, to\nrelativistic viscous hydrodynamic simulations, and to electrons in graphene.",
        "positive": "Gas-liquid phase equilibrium in ionic fluids: Coulomb versus non-Coulomb\n  interactions: Using the collective variables theory, we study the effect of competition\nbetween Coulomb and dispersion forces on the gas-liquid phase behaviour of a\nmodel ionic fluid, i.e. a charge-asymmetric primitive model with additional\nshort-range attractive interactions. Both the critical parameters and the\ncoexistence envelope are calculated in a one-loop approximation as a function\nof the parameter $\\alpha$ measuring the relative strength of the Coulomb to\nshort-range interactions. We found the very narrow region of $\\alpha$ bounded\nfrom the both sides by tricritical points which separates the models with\n\"nonionic\" and \"Coulombic\" phase behaviour. This is at variance with the result\nof available computer simulations where no tricritical point is found for the\nfinely-discretized lattice version of the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boosting capacitive blue-energy and desalination devices with waste heat: We show that sustainably harvesting 'blue' energy from the spontaneous mixing\nprocess of fresh and salty water can be boosted by varying the water\ntemperature during a capacitive mixing process. Our modified Poisson-Boltzmann\ncalculations predict a strong temperature dependence of the electrostatic\npotential of a charged electrode in contact with an adjacent aqueous 1:1\nelectrolyte. We propose to exploit this dependence to boost the efficiency of\ncapacitive blue engines, which are based on cyclically charging and discharging\nnanoporous supercapacitors immersed in salty and fresh water, respectively [D.\nBrogioli, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 058501 (2009)]. We show that the energy output\nof blue engines can be increased by a factor of order two if warm\n(waste-heated) fresh water is mixed with cold sea water. Moreover, the\nunderlying physics can also be used to optimize the reverse process of\ncapacitive desalination of water.",
        "positive": "Bose-Einstein condensation in generalised d dimensions: The density of bosonic states are calculated for spinless free massive bosons\nin generalised d dimensions. The number of bosons are calculated in the lowest\nenergy state. The Bose Einstein condensation was found in generalised\ndimensions (on and above d = 3) and the condensation temperature was observed\nto drop abruptly above three dimensions and decreases monotonically as the\ndimensionalities of the system increases. The rate of fall of the condensation\ntemperature decreases as the dimensionality increases. This article is aimed to\nthe University graduate students."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Capturing exponential variance using polynomial resources: applying\n  tensor networks to non-equilibrium stochastic processes: Estimating the expected value of an observable appearing in a non-equilibrium\nstochastic process usually involves sampling. If the observable's variance is\nhigh, many samples are required. In contrast, we show that performing the same\ntask without sampling, using tensor network compression, efficiently captures\nhigh variances in systems of various geometries and dimensions. We provide\nexamples for which matching the accuracy of our efficient method would require\na sample size scaling exponentially with system size. In particular, the high\nvariance observable $\\mathrm{e}^{-\\beta W}$, motivated by Jarzynski's equality,\nwith $W$ the work done quenching from equilibrium at inverse temperature\n$\\beta$, is exactly and efficiently captured by tensor networks.",
        "positive": "Scaling dimensions from linearized tensor renormalization group\n  transformations: We show a way to perform the canonical renormalization group (RG)\nprescription in tensor space: write down the tensor RG equation, linearize it\naround a fixed-point tensor, and diagonalize the resulting linearized RG\nequation to obtain scaling dimensions. The tensor RG methods have had a great\nsuccess in producing accurate free energy compared with the conventional\nreal-space RG schemes. However, the above-mentioned canonical procedure has not\nbeen implemented for general tensor-network-based RG schemes. We extend the\nsuccess of the tensor methods further to extraction of scaling dimensions\nthrough the canonical RG prescription, without explicitly using the conformal\nfield theory. This approach is benchmarked in the context of the Ising models\nin 1D and 2D. Based on a pure RG argument, the proposed method has potential\napplications to 3D systems, where the existing bread-and-butter method is\ninapplicable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The dimension of loop-erased random walk in 3D: We measure the fractal dimension of loop-erased random walk (LERW) in 3\ndimensions, and estimate that it is 1.62400 +- 0.00005. LERW is closely related\nto the uniform spanning tree and the abelian sandpile model. We simulated LERW\non both the cubic and face-centered cubic lattices; the corrections to scaling\nare slightly smaller for the face-centered cubic lattice.",
        "positive": "Mean-field theory for Bose-Hubbard Model under a magnetic field: We consider the superfluid-insulator transition for cold bosons under an\neffective magnetic field. We investigate how the applied magnetic field affects\nthe Mott transition within mean field theory and find that the critical hopping\nstrength $(t/U)_c$, increases with the applied field. The increase in the\ncritical hopping follows the bandwidth of the Hofstadter butterfly at the given\nvalue of the magnetic field. We also calculate the magnetization and superfluid\ndensity within mean field theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glass transition and layering effects in confined water: a computer\n  simulation study: Single particle dynamics of water confined in a nanopore is studied through\nComputer Molecular Dynamics. The pore is modeled to represent the average\nproperties of a pore of Vycor glass. Dynamics is analyzed at different\nhydration levels and upon supercooling. At all hydration levels and all\ntemperatures investigated a layering effect is observed due to the strong\nhydrophilicity of the substrate. The time density correlators show, already at\nambient temperature, strong deviations from the Debye and the stretched\nexponential behavior. Both on decreasing hydration level and upon supercooling\nwe find features that can be related to the cage effect typical of a\nsupercooled liquid undergoing a kinetic glass transition. Nonetheless the\nbehavior predicted by Mode Coupling Theory can be observed only by carrying out\na proper shell analysis of the density correlators. Water molecules within the\nfirst two layers from the substrate are in a glassy state already at ambient\ntemperature (bound water). The remaining subset of molecules (free water)\nundergoes a kinetic glass transition; the relaxation of the density correlators\nagree with the main predictions of the theory. From our data we can predict the\ntemperature of structural arrest of free water.",
        "positive": "Simulating the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of local observables by\n  trading entanglement for mixture: The fact that the computational cost of simulating a many-body quantum system\non a computer increases with the amount of entanglement has been considered as\nthe major bottleneck for simulating its out-of-equilibrium dynamics. Some\naspects of the dynamics are, nevertheless, robust under appropriately devised\napproximations. Here we present a possible algorithm that allows to\nsystematically approximate the equilibration value of local operators after a\nquantum quench. At the core of our proposal there is the idea to transform\nentanglement between distant parts of the system into mixture, and at the same\ntime preserving the local reduced density matrices of the system. We benchmark\nthe resulting algorithm by studying quenches of quadratic Fermionic\nHamiltonians."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized diffusion equation with nonlocality of space-time. Memory\n  function modelling: We presented a general approach for obtaining the generalized transport\nequations with fractional derivatives by using the Liouville equation with\nfractional derivatives for a system of classical particles and Zubarev's\nnonequilibrium statistical operator (NSO) method within Gibbs statistics.\n  The new non-Markovian diffusion equations of ions in spatially heterogeneous\nenvironment with fractal structure and generalized Cattaneo-Maxwell diffusion\nequation with taking into account the space-time nonlocality are obtained.\n  Dispersion relations are found for the Cattaneo-Maxwell diffusion equation\nwith taking into account the space-time nonlocality in fractional derivatives.\n  The frequency spectrum, phase and group velocities are calculated.\n  It is shown that it has a wave behaviour with discontinuities,\n  which are also manifested in the behaviour of the phase velocity.",
        "positive": "Correlated Gaussian systems exhibiting additive power-law entropies: We show, on purely statistical grounds and without appeal to any physical\nmodel, that a power-law $q-$entropy $S_q$, with $0<q<1$, can be {\\it\nextensive}. More specifically, if the components $X_i$ of a vector $X \\in\n\\mathbb{R}^N$ are distributed according to a Gaussian probability distribution\n$f$, the associated entropy $S_q(X)$ exhibits the extensivity property for\nspecial types of correlations among the $X_i$. We also characterize this kind\nof correlation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "High yield production of defect less carbon nanotubes in an arc process: An efficient modified arc plasma method, where a focusing electric field is\nsuperimposed on the arc electric field, is optimized for the bulk generation of\nhighly pure multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Raman spectroscopy and\nthermogravimetric measurements have been used to optimize the process.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamically enforced entropic trapping of Brownian particles: We study the transport of Brownian particles through a corrugated channel\ncaused by a force field containing curl-free (scalar potential) and\ndivergence-free (vector potential) parts. We develop a generalized Fick-Jacobs\napproach leading to an effective one-dimensional description involving the\npotential of mean force. As an application, the interplay of a pressure-driven\nflow and an oppositely oriented constant bias is considered. We show that for\ncertain parameters, the particle diffusion is significantly suppressed via the\nproperty of hyrodynamically enforced entropic particle trapping."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Master equation for She-Leveque scaling and its classification in terms\n  of other Markov models of developed turbulence: We derive the Markov process equivalent to She-Leveque scaling in homogeneous\nand isotropic turbulence. The Markov process is a jump process for velocity\nincrements $u(r)$ in scale $r$ in which the jumps occur randomly but with\ndeterministic width in $u$. From its master equation we establish a\nprescription to simulate the She-Leveque process and compare it with Kolmogorov\nscaling. To put the She-Leveque process into the context of other established\nturbulence models on the Markov level, we derive a diffusion process for $u(r)$\nfrom two properties of the Navier-Stokes equation. This diffusion process\nalready includes Kolmogorov scaling, extended self-similarity and a class of\nrandom cascade models. The fluctuation theorem of this Markov process implies a\n\"second law\" that puts a loose bound on the multipliers of the random cascade\nmodels. This bound explicitly allows for inverse cascades, which are necessary\nto satisfy the fluctuation theorem. By adding a jump process to the diffusion\nprocess, we go beyond Kolmogorov scaling and formulate the most general scaling\nlaw for the class of Markov processes having both diffusion and jump parts.\nThis Markov scaling law includes She-Leveque scaling and a scaling law derived\nby Yakhot.",
        "positive": "Yang-Lee Zeros of the Two- and Three-State Potts Model Defined on\n  $\u03c6^3$ Feynman Diagrams: We present both analytic and numerical results on the position of the\npartition function zeros on the complex magnetic field plane of the $q=2$\n(Ising) and $q=3$ states Potts model defined on $\\phi^3 $ Feynman diagrams\n(thin random graphs). Our analytic results are based on the ideas of\ndestructive interference of coexisting phases and low temperature expansions.\nFor the case of the Ising model an argument based on a symmetry of the saddle\npoint equations leads us to a nonperturbative proof that the Yang-Lee zeros are\nlocated on the unit circle, although no circle theorem is known in this case of\nrandom graphs. For the $q=3$ states Potts model our perturbative results\nindicate that the Yang-Lee zeros lie outside the unit circle. Both analytic\nresults are confirmed by finite lattice numerical calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generic finite size scaling for discontinuous nonequilibrium phase\n  transitions into absorbing states: Based on quasi-stationary distribution ideas, a general finite size scaling\ntheory is proposed for discontinuous nonequilibrium phase transitions into\nabsorbing states. Analogously to the equilibrium case, we show that quantities\nsuch as, response functions, cumulants, and equal area probability\ndistributions, all scale with the volume, thus allowing proper estimates for\nthe thermodynamic limit. To illustrate these results, five very distinct\nlattice models displaying nonequilibrium transitions -- to single and\ninfinitely many absorbing states -- are investigated. The innate difficulties\nin analyzing absorbing phase transitions are circumvented through\nquasi-stationary simulation methods. Our findings (allied to numerical studies\nin the literature) strongly point to an unifying discontinuous phase transition\nscaling behavior for equilibrium and this important class of nonequilibrium\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Confirming and extending the hypothesis of universality in sandpiles: Stochastic sandpiles self-organize to a critical point with scaling behavior\ndifferent from directed percolation (DP) and characterized by the presence of\nan additional conservation law. This is usually called C-DP or Manna\nuniversality class. There remains, however, an exception to this universality\nprinciple: a sandpile automaton introduced by Maslov and Zhang, which was\nclaimed to be in the directed percolation class despite of the existence of a\nconservation law. In this paper we show, by means of careful numerical\nsimulations as well as by constructing and analyzing a field theory, that\n(contrarily to what previously thought) this sandpile is also in the C-DP or\nManna class. This confirms the hypothesis of universality for stochastic\nsandpiles, and gives rise to a fully coherent picture of self-organized\ncriticality in systems with a conservation law. In passing, we obtain a number\nof results for the C-DP class and introduce a new strategy to easily\ndiscriminate between DP and C-DP scaling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mechanochemical Active Ratchet: Self-propelled nanoparticles moving through liquids offer the possibility of\ncreating advanced applications where such nanoswimmers can operate as\nartificial molecular-sized motors. Achieving control over the motion of\nnanoswimmers is a crucial aspect for their reliable functioning. While the\ndirectionality of micron-sized swimmers can be controlled with great precision,\nsteering nano-sized active particles poses a real challenge. One of the reasons\nis the existence of large fluctuations of active velocity at the nanoscale.\nHere, we describe a mechanism that, in the presence of a ratchet potential,\ntransforms these fluctuations into a net current of active nanoparticles. We\ndemonstrate the effect using a generic model of self-propulsion powered by\nchemical reactions. The net motion along the easy direction of the ratchet\npotential arises from the coupling of chemical and mechanical processes and is\ntriggered by a constant, transverse to the ratchet, force. The current\nmagnitude sensitively depends on the amplitude and the periodicity of the\nratchet potential and the strength of the transverse force. Our results\nhighlight the importance of thermodynamically consistent modeling of chemical\nreactions in active matter at the nanoscale and suggest new ways of controlling\ndynamics in such systems.",
        "positive": "Comment on `Renormalization-Group Calculation of the Dependence on\n  Gravity of the Surface Tension and Bending Rigidity of a Fluid Interface': It is shown that the interface model introduced in Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2369\n(2001) violates fundamental symmetry requirements for vanishing gravitational\nacceleration $g$, so that its results cannot be applied to critical properties\nof interfaces for $g\\to 0$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Fickian Diffusion and the Accumulation of Methane Bubbles in\n  Deep-Water Sediments: In the absence of fractures, methane bubbles in deep-water sediments can be\nimmovably trapped within a porous matrix by surface tension. The dominant\nmechanism of transfer of gas mass therefore becomes the diffusion of gas\nmolecules through porewater. The accurate description of this process requires\nnon-Fickian diffusion to be accounted for, including both thermodiffusion and\ngravitational action. We evaluate the diffusive flux of aqueous methane\nconsidering non-Fickian diffusion and predict the existence of extensive bubble\nmass accumulation zones within deep-water sediments. The limitation on the\nhydrate deposit capacity is revealed; too weak deposits cannot reach the base\nof the hydrate stability zone and form any bubbly horizon.",
        "positive": "Information Geometry, Phase Transitions, and Widom Lines : Magnetic and\n  Liquid Systems: We study information geometry of the thermodynamics of first and second order\nphase transitions, and beyond criticality, in magnetic and liquid systems. We\nestablish a universal microscopic characterization of such phase transitions\nvia the equality of correlation lengths $\\xi$ in coexisting phases, where $\\xi$\nis related to the scalar curvature of the equilibrium thermodynamic state\nspace. The 1-D Ising model, and the mean-field Curie-Weiss model are discussed,\nand we show that information geometry correctly describes the phase behavior\nfor the latter. The Widom lines for these systems are also established. We\nfurther study a simple model for the thermodynamics of liquid-liquid phase\nco-existence, and show that our method provides a simple and direct way to\nobtain its phase behavior and the locations of the Widom lines. Our analysis\npoints towards multiple Widom lines in liquid systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous diffusion, non-Gaussianity, and nonergodicity for subordinated\n  fractional Brownian motion with a drift: The stochastic motion of a particle with long-range correlated increments\n(the moving phase) which is intermittently interrupted by immobilizations (the\ntraping phase) in a disordered medium is considered in the presence of an\nexternal drift. In particular, we consider trapping events whose times follow a\nscale-free distribution with diverging mean trapping time. We construct this\nprocess in terms of fractional Brownian motion (FBM) with constant forcing in\nwhich the trapping effect is introduced by the subordination technique,\nconnecting \"operational time\" with observable \"real time\". We derive the\nstatistical properties of this process such as non-Gaussianity and\nnon-ergodicity, for both ensemble and single-trajectory (time) averages. We\ndemonstrate nice agreement with extensive simulations for the probability\ndensity function, skewness, kurtosis, as well as ensemble and time-averaged\nmean squared displacements. We pay specific emphasis on the comparisons between\nthe cases with and without drift.",
        "positive": "Classical Heisenberg spins on a hexagonal lattice with Kitaev couplings: We analyse the low temperature properties of a system of classical Heisenberg\nspins on a hexagonal lattice with Kitaev couplings. For a lattice of 2N sites\nwith periodic boundary conditions, we show that the ground states form an (N+1)\ndimensional manifold. We show that the ensemble of ground states is equivalent\nto that of a solid-on-solid model with continuously variable heights and\nnearest neighbour interactions, at a finite temperature. For temperature T\ntending to zero, all ground states have equal weight, and there is no\norder-by-disorder in this model. We argue that the bond-energy bond-energy\ncorrelations at distance R decay as 1/R^2 at zero temperature. This is verified\nby Monte Carlo simulations. We also discuss the relation to the quantum spin-S\nKitaev model for large S, and obtain lower and upper bounds on the ground state\nenergy of the quantum model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo estimation of the number of tatami tilings: Motivated by the way Japanese tatami mats are placed on the floor, we\nconsider domino tilings with a constraint and estimate the number of such\ntilings of plane regions. We map the system onto a monomer-dimer model with a\nnovel local interaction on the dual lattice. We use a variant of the\nHamiltonian replica exchange Monte Carlo method and the multi-parameter\nreweighting technique to study the model. The properties of the quantity are\nstudied beyond exact enumeration and combinatorial method. The logarithm of the\nnumber of the tilings is linear in the boundary length of the region for all\nthe regions studied.",
        "positive": "Reaction-diffusion processes and metapopulation models in heterogeneous\n  networks: Dynamical reaction-diffusion processes and meta-population models are\nstandard modeling approaches for a wide variety of phenomena in which local\nquantities - such as density, potential and particles - diffuse and interact\naccording to the physical laws. Here, we study the behavior of two basic\nreaction-diffusion processes ($B \\to A$ and $A+B \\to 2B$) defined on networks\nwith heterogeneous topology and no limit on the nodes' occupation number. We\ninvestigate the effect of network topology on the basic properties of the\nsystem's phase diagram and find that the network heterogeneity sustains the\nreaction activity even in the limit of a vanishing density of particles,\neventually suppressing the critical point in density driven phase transitions,\nwhereas phase transition and critical points, independent of the particle\ndensity, are not altered by topological fluctuations. This work lays out a\ntheoretical and computational microscopic framework for the study of a wide\nrange of realistic meta-populations models and agent-based models that include\nthe complex features of real world networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Casimir forces along the iso-fields: Using quasi-exact numerical density-matrix renormalization-group techniques\nwe calculate the critical Casimir force for a two-dimensional (2D) Ising strip\nwith equal strong surface fields, along the thermodynamic paths corresponding\nto the fixed nonzero bulk field h<>0. Using the Derjaguin approximation we also\ndetermine the critical Casimir force and its potential for two discs. We find\nthat varying the temperature along the iso-fields lying between the bulk\ncoexistence and the capillary condensation critical point leads to a dramatic\nincrease of the critical Casimir interactions with a qualitatively different\nfunctional dependence on the temperature than along h=0. These findings might\nbe of relevance for biomembranes, whose heterogeneity is recently interpreted\nas being connected with a critical behavior belonging to the 2D Ising\nuniversality class.",
        "positive": "A probabilistic cellular automata model for the dynamics of a population\n  driven by logistic growth and weak Allee effect: We propose and investigate a one-parameter probabilistic mixture of\none-dimensional elementary cellular automata under the guise of a model for the\ndynamics of a single-species unstructured population with nonoverlapping\ngenerations in which individuals have smaller probability of reproducing and\nsurviving in a crowded neighbourhood but also suffer from isolation and\ndispersal. Remarkably, the first-order mean field approximation to the dynamics\nof the model yields a cubic map containing terms representing both logistic and\nweak Allee effects. The model has a single absorbing state devoid of\nindividuals, but depending on the reproduction and survival probabilities can\nachieve a stable population. We determine the critical probability separating\nthese two phases and find that the phase transition between them is in the\ndirected percolation universality class of critical behaviour."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady-state distribution function for a gas of independent electrons\n  far from equilibrium: The quasi-stationary nonequilibrium distribution function of an independent\nelectron gas interacting with a medium, which is at local thermal equilibrium,\ncan be obtained by entropy production rate minimization, subject to constraints\nof fixed moments. The result is not restricted to the region near equilibrium\n(linear response) and provides a closure of the associated generalized\nhydrodynamic equations of the electron gas for an arbitrary number of moments.\nBesides an access to far from equilibrium states, the approach provides a\nuseful description of semi-classical transport in mesoscopic conductors,\nparticularly because macroscopic contacts can be naturally taken into account.",
        "positive": "Non-adiabatic entropy production for non-Markov dynamics: We extend the definition of non-adiabatic entropy production given for\nMarkovian systems in [M. Esposito and C. Van den Broeck, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104\n090601, (2010)], to arbitrary non-Markov ergodic dynamics. We also introduce a\nnotion of stability characterizing non-Markovianity. For stable non-Markovian\nsystems, the non-adiabatic entropy production satisfies an integral fluctuation\ntheorem, leading to the second law of thermodynamics for transitions between\nnon-equilibrium steady-states. This quantity can also be written as a sum of\nproducts of generalized fluxes and forces, thus being suitable for\nthermodynamics. On the other hand, the generalized fluctuation-dissipation\nrelation also holds, clarifying that the conditions for it to be satisfied are\nergodicity and stability instead of Markovianity. We show that in spite of\nbeing counter-intuitive, the stability criterion introduced in this work may be\nviolated in non-Markovian systems even if they are ergodic, leading to a\nviolation of the fluctuation theorem and the generalized\nfluctuation-dissipation relation. Stability represents then a necessary\ncondition for the above properties to hold and explains why the generalized\nfluctuation-dissipation relation has remained elusive in the study of\nnon-Markov systems exhibiting non-equilibrium steady-states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maintaining the equipartition theorem in small heterogeneous molecular\n  dynamics ensembles: It has been reported recently that the equipartition theorem is violated in\nmolecular dynamics simulations with periodic boundary condition [Shirts et al,\nJ. Chem. Phys. 125, 164102 (2006)]. This effect is associated with the\nconservation of the center of mass momentum. Here, we propose a fluctuating\ncenter of mass molecular dynamics approach (FCMMD) to solve this problem. Using\nthe analogy to a system exchanging momentum with its surroundings, we work out\n--and validate via simulations-- an expression for the rate at which\nfluctuations shall be added to the system. The restoration of equipartition\nwithin the FCMMD is then shown both at equilibrium as well as beyond\nequilibrium in the linear response regime.",
        "positive": "Similarity law and critical properties in ionic systems: Using molecular simulations, we determine the locus of ideal compressibility,\nor Zeno line, for a series of ionic compounds. We find that the shape of this\nthermodynamic contour follows a linear law, leading to the determination of the\nBoyle parameters. We also show that a similarity law, based on the Boyle\nparameters, yields accurate critical data when compared to the experiment.\nFurthermore, we show that the Boyle density scales linearly with the\nsize-asymmetry, providing a direct route to establish a correspondence between\nthe thermodynamic properties of different ionic compounds."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical ergodicity and quantum eigenstate thermalization: Analysis in\n  fully connected Ising ferromagnets: We investigate the relation between the classical ergodicity and the quantum\neigenstate thermalization in the fully connected Ising ferromagnets. In the\ncase of spin-1/2, an expectation value of an observable in a single energy\neigenstate coincides with the long-time average in the underlying classical\ndynamics, which is a consequence of the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin\napproximation. In the case of spin-1, the underlying classical dynamics is not\nnecessarily ergodic. In that case, it turns out that, in the thermodynamic\nlimit, the statistics of the expectation values of an observable in the energy\neigenstates coincides with the statistics of the long-time averages in the\nunderlying classical dynamics starting from random initial states sampled\nuniformly from the classical phase space. This feature seems to be a general\nproperty in semiclassical systems, and the result presented here is crucial in\ndiscussing equilibration, thermalization, and dynamical transitions of such\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Novel continuum modeling of crystal surface evolution: We propose a novel approach to continuum modeling of the dynamics of crystal\nsurfaces. Our model follows the evolution of an ensemble of step\nconfigurations, which are consistent with the macroscopic surface profile.\nContrary to the usual approach where the continuum limit is achieved when\ntypical surface features consist of many steps, our continuum limit is\napproached when the number of step configurations of the ensemble is very\nlarge. The model can handle singular surface structures such as corners and\nfacets. It has a clear computational advantage over discrete models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical intermediate phase and phase transitions in a\n  triangular-lattice three-spin interaction model: Level-spectroscopy approach: We investigate infinite-order phase transitions like the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition observed in a triangular-lattice\nthree-spin interaction model. Based on a field theoretical description and the\noperator-production-expansion technique, we perform the renormalization-group\nanalysis, and then clarify properties of marginal operators near the phase\ntransition points. The results are utilized to establish criteria to determine\nthe transition points and some universal relations among excitation levels to\ncharacterize the transitions. We verify these predictions via the numerical\nanalysis on eigenvalue structures of the transfer matrix. Also, we discuss an\nenhancement of symmetry at the end points of a critical intermediate phase in\nconnection with a transition observed in the ground state of the\nbilinear-biquadratic spin-1 chain.",
        "positive": "Linear Polymers in Disordered Media - the shortest, the longest and the\n  mean(est) SAW on percolation clusters: Long linear polymers in strongly disordered media are well described by\nself-avoiding walks (SAWs) on percolation clusters. The length-distribution of\nthese SAWs encompasses to distinct averages, viz. the averages over cluster-\nand SAW-conformations. For the latter average, there are two basic options, one\nbeing static and one being kinetic. It is well known for static averaging that\nif the disorder of the underlying medium is weak, differences to the ordered\ncase appear merely in non-universal quantities. Using dynamical field theory,\nwe show that the same holds true for kinetic averaging. For strong disorder,\ni.e., the medium being close to the percolation point, we employ a field theory\nfor the nonlinear random resistor network in conjunction with a real-world\ninterpretation of Feynman diagrams, and we calculate the scaling exponents for\nthe shortest, the longest and the mean or average SAW to 2-loop order. In\naddition, we calculate to 2-loop order the entire family of multifractal\nexponents that governs the moments of the the statistical weights of the\nelementary constituents (bonds or sites of the underlying fractal cluster)\ncontributing to the SAWs. Our RG analysis reveals that kinetic averaging leads\nto renormalizability whereas static averaging does not, and hence, we argue\nthat the latter does not lead to a well-defined scaling limit. We discuss the\npossible implications of this finding for experiments and numerical simulations\nwhich have produced wide-spread results for the exponent of the average SAW. To\ncorroborate our results, we also study the well-known Meir-Harris model for\nSAWs on percolation clusters. We demonstrate that this model leads back to\n2-loop order to the renormalizable real world formulation with kinetic\naveraging if the replica limit is consistently performed at the first possible\ninstant of the calculation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Irreversible Deposition of Line Segment Mixtures on a Square Lattice:\n  Monte Carlo Study: We have studied kinetics of random sequential adsorption of mixtures on a\nsquare lattice using Monte Carlo method. Mixtures of linear short segments and\nlong segments were deposited with the probability $p$ and $1-p$, respectively.\nFor fixed lengths of each segment in the mixture, the jamming limits decrease\nwhen $p$ increases. The jamming limits of mixtures always are greater than\nthose of the pure short- or long-segment deposition.\n  For fixed $p$ and fixed length of the short segments, the jamming limits have\na maximum when the length of the long segment increases. We conjectured a\nkinetic equation for the jamming coverage based on the data fitting.",
        "positive": "Effects of a local defect on one-dimensional nonlinear surface growth: The slow-bond problem is a long-standing question about the minimal strength\n$\\epsilon_\\mathrm{c}$ of a local defect with global effects on the\nKardar--Parisi--Zhang (KPZ) universality class. A consensus on the issue has\nbeen delayed due to the discrepancy between various analytical predictions\nclaiming $\\epsilon_\\mathrm{c} = 0$ and numerical observations claiming\n$\\epsilon_\\mathrm{c} > 0$. We revisit the problem via finite-size scaling\nanalyses of the slow-bond effects, which are tested for different boundary\nconditions through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Our results provide\nevidence that the previously reported nonzero $\\epsilon_\\mathrm{c}$ is an\nartifact of a crossover phenomenon, which logarithmically converges to zero as\nthe system size goes to infinity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear Theory of Stochastic Resonance: Theory of nonlinear resonance, including stochastic one, is developed on the\nbasis of the statistical field theory and using variables action-angle.\nExplicit expressions of action, proper frequency and nonlinearity parameter as\nfunctions of the system energy and the external signal frequency are found for\nthe cases of nonlinear pendulum and double well potential.",
        "positive": "Computation of Terms in the Asymptotic Expansion of Dimer lambda_d for\n  High Dimension: The dimer problem arose in a thermodynamic study of diatomic molecules, and\nwas abstracted into one of the most basic and natural problems in both\nstatistical mechanics and combinatoric mathematics. Given a rectangular lattice\nof volume V in d dimensions, the dimer problem loosely speaking is to count the\nnumber of different ways dimers (dominoes) may be laid down in the lattice\n(without overlapping) to completely cover it. Each dimer covers two neighboring\nvertices. It is known that the number of such coverings is roughly exp(lambda_d\nV) for some constant lambda_d as V goes to infinity. Herein we present a\nmathematical argument for an asymptotic expansion for lambda_d in inverse\npowers of d, and the results of computer computations for the first few terms\nin the series. As a glaring challenge, we conjecture no one will compute the\nnext term in the series, due to the requisite computer time and storage\ndemands."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ferromagnetic Ising spin systems on the growing random tree: We analyze the ferromagnetic Ising model on a scale-free tree; the growing\nrandom network model with the linear attachment kernel $A_k=k+\\alpha$\nintroduced by [Krapivsky et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 85} (2000) 4629-4632].\nWe derive an estimate of the divergent temperature $T_s$ below which the\nzero-field susceptibility of the system diverges. Our result shows that $T_s$\nis related to $\\alpha$ as $\\tanh(J/T_s)=\\alpha/[2(\\alpha+1)]$, where $J$ is the\nferromagnetic interaction. An analysis of exactly solvable limit for the model\nand numerical calculation support the validity of this estimate.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation theorem uncertainty relation: The fluctuation theorem is the fundamental equality in nonequilibrium\nthermodynamics that is used to derive many important thermodynamic relations,\nsuch as the second law of thermodynamics and the Jarzynski equality. Recently,\nthe thermodynamic uncertainty relation was discovered, which states that the\nfluctuation of observables is lower bounded by the entropy production. In the\npresent Letter, we derive a thermodynamic uncertainty relation from the\nfluctuation theorem. We refer to the obtained relation as the fluctuation\ntheorem uncertainty relation, and it is valid for arbitrary dynamics,\nstochastic as well as deterministic, and for arbitrary anti-symmetric\nobservables for which a fluctuation theorem holds. We apply the fluctuation\ntheorem uncertainty relation to an overdamped Langevin dynamics for an\nanti-symmetric observable. We demonstrate that the anti-symmetric observable\nsatisfies the fluctuation theorem uncertainty relation, but does not satisfy\nthe relation reported for current-type observables in continuous-time Markov\nchains. Moreover, we show that the fluctuation theorem uncertainty relation can\nhandle systems controlled by time-symmetric external protocols, in which the\nlower bound is given by the work exerted on the systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fixed-boundary octagonal random tilings: a combinatorial approach: Some combinatorial properties of fixed boundary rhombus random tilings with\noctagonal symmetry are studied. A geometrical analysis of their configuration\nspace is given as well as a description in terms of discrete dynamical systems,\nthus generalizing previous results on the more restricted class of\ncodimension-one tilings. In particular this method gives access to counting\nformulas, which are directly related to questions of entropy in these\nstatistical systems. Methods and tools from the field of enumerative\ncombinatorics are used.",
        "positive": "Cahn-Hilliard Theory for Unstable Granular Flows: A Cahn-Hilliard-type theory for hydrodynamic fluctuations is proposed that\ngives a quantitative description of the slowly evolving spatial correlations\nand structures in density and flow fields in the early stages of evolution of\nfreely cooling granular fluids. Two mechanisms for pattern selection and\nstructure formation are identified: unstable modes leading to density\nclustering (compare spinodal decomposition), and selective noise reduction\n(compare peneplanation in structural geology) leading to vortex structures. As\ntime increases, the structure factor for the density field develops a maximum,\nwhich shifts to smaller wave numbers. This corresponds to an approximately\ndiffusively growing length scale for density clusters. The spatial velocity\ncorrelations exhibit algebraic decay $\\sim r^{-d}$ on intermediate length\nscales. The theoretical predictions for spatial correlation functions and\nstructure factors agree well with molecular dynamics simulations of a system of\ninelastic hard disks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady state fluctuations of the dissipated heat for a quantum\n  stochastic model: We introduce a quantum stochastic dynamics for heat conduction. A multi-level\nsubsystem is coupled to reservoirs at different temperatures. Energy quanta are\ndetected in the reservoirs allowing the study of steady state fluctuations of\nthe entropy dissipation. Our main result states a symmetry in its large\ndeviation rate function.",
        "positive": "Nonintegrability-driven Transition from Kinetics to Hydrodynamics: Nonintegrability plays a crucial role in thermalization and transport\nprocesses in many-body Hamiltonian systems, yet its quantitative effects remain\nunclear. To reveal the connection between the macroscopic relaxation properties\nand the underlying dynamics, the one-dimensional diatomic hard-point model as\nan illustrating example was studied analytically and numerically. We\ndemonstrate how the system transitions from kinetic behavior to hydrodynamic\nbehavior as the nonintegrability strength increases. Specifically, for the\nthermalization dynamics, we find a power-law relationship between the\nthermalization time and the perturbation strength near integrable regime,\nwhereas in the far from integrable regime, the hydrodynamics dominates and the\nthermalization time becomes independent of the perturbation strength and\nexhibits a strong size-dependent behavior. Regarding transport behavior, our\nresults further establish a threshold for the nonintegrable strength of this\ntransition. Consequently, we can predict which behavior dominates the transport\nproperties of the system. Especially, an explicit expression of the thermal\nconductivity contributed by the kinetics is given. Finally, possible\napplications were briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The conflict between self-interaction and updating passivity in the\n  evolution of cooperation: In social dilemmas under weak selection, the capacity for a player to exhibit\nupdating passivity or interact with its own strategy can lead to conflicting\noutcomes. The central question is which effect is stronger and how their\nsimultaneous presence influences the evolution of cooperation. We introduce a\nmodel that considers both effects using different weight factors. We derive\ntheoretical solutions for the conditions of cooperation success and the\ncooperation level under weak selection, scanning the complete parameter space.\nWhen the weight factors are equally strong, the promoting effect of\nself-interaction to cooperation surpasses the inhibitory effect of updating\npassivity. Intriguingly, however, we identify non-monotonous\ncooperation-supporting effects when the weight of updating passivity increases\nmore rapidly. Our findings are corroborated by Monte Carlo simulations and\ndemonstrate robustness across various game types, including the prisoner's\ndilemma, stag-hunt, and snowdrift games.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of a driven interacting three-state lattice gas: We present Monte Carlo simulations of a three-state lattice gas, half-filled\nwith two types of particles which attract one another, irrespective of their\nidentities. A bias drives the two particle species in opposite directions,\nestablishing and maintaining a non-equilibrium steady state. We map out the\nphase diagram at fixed bias, as a function of temperature and fraction of the\nsecond species. As the temperature is lowered, a continuous transition occurs,\nfrom a disordered homogeneous into two distinct strip-like ordered phases.\nWhich of the latter is selected depends on the admixture of the second species.\nA first order line separates the two ordered states at lower temperatures,\nemerging from the continuous line at a non-equilibrium bicritical point. For\nintermediate fraction of the second species, all three phases can be observed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Arcsine Law and Stable Law in an Infinite Measure Dynamical\n  System: Limit theorems for the time average of some observation functions in an\ninfinite measure dynamical system are studied. It is known that intermittent\nphenomena, such as the Rayleigh-Benard convection and Belousov-Zhabotinsky\nreaction, are described by infinite measure dynamical systems.We show that the\ntime average of the observation function which is not the $L^1(m)$ function,\nwhose average with respect to the invariant measure $m$ is finite, converges to\nthe generalized arcsine distribution. This result leads to the novel view that\nthe correlation function is intrinsically random and does not decay. Moreover,\nit is also numerically shown that the time average of the observation function\nconverges to the stable distribution when the observation function has the\ninfinite mean.",
        "positive": "Measuring kinetic energy changes in the mesoscale with low acquisition\n  rates: We describe a new technique to estimate the mean square velocity of a\nBrownian particle from time series of the position of the particle sampled at\nfrequencies several orders of magnitude smaller than the momentum relaxation\nfrequency. We apply our technique to determine the mean square velocity of\nsingle optically trapped polystyrene microspheres immersed in water. The\nvelocity is increased applying a noisy electric field that mimics a higher\nkinetic temperature. Therefore, we are able to measure the average kinetic\nenergy change in isothermal and non-isothermal quasistatic processes. Moreover,\nwe show that the dependence of the mean square time-averaged velocity on the\nsampling frequency can be used to quantify properties of the electrophoretic\nmobility of a charged colloid. Our method could be applied to detect\ntemperature gradients in inhomogeneous media and to characterize the complete\nthermodynamics of microscopic heat engines."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Markovian dynamics of clusters during nucleation: Most theories of homogeneous nucleation are based on a Fokker-Planck-like\ndescription of the behavior of the mass of clusters. Here we will show that\nthese approaches are incomplete for a large class of nucleating systems, as\nthey assume the effective dynamics of the clusters to be Markovian, i.e.,\nmemoryless. We characterize these non-Markovian dynamics and show how this\ninfluences the dynamics of clusters during nucleation. Our results are\nvalidated by simulations of a three-dimensional Ising model with locally\nconserved magnetization.",
        "positive": "Nonanalytic correlation length in Ising systems with one surface defect\n  line: A two-dimensional Ising system with ferromagnetic coupling and one defect\nline at distance L from the surface is solved exactly using Pfaffians. The\nsystem shows a singularity in the surface correlation length at a temperature\nT_s which is smaller than the transition temperature T_c of the bulk. Numerical\nstudies using the transfer matrix technique suggest that this singularity is\nalso present in an Ising system with two defect lines at distance L."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Singularities in large deviations of work in quantum quenches: We investigate large deviations of the work performed in a quantum quench\nacross two different phases separated by a quantum critical point, using as\nexample the Dicke model quenched from its superradiant to its normal phase. We\nextract the distribution of the work from the Loschmidt amplitude and compute\nfor both the corresponding large-deviation forms. Comparing these findings with\nthe predictions of the classification scheme put forward in [Phys. Rev. Lett.\n109, 250602 (2012)], we are able to identify a regime which is in fact distinct\nto the ones identified so far: here the rate function exhibits a non-analytical\npoint which is a strong indication of the existence of an out-of-equilibrium\nphase transition in the rare fluctuations of the work.",
        "positive": "Crystalline misfit-angle implications for solid sliding: For the contact of two finite portions of interacting rigid crystalline\nsurfaces, we compute the dependence of the pinning energy barrier on the misfit\nangle and contact area. The resulting data are used to investigate the\ndistribution of static frictional thresholds for a contact of polycrystal\nsurfaces, as occurs at the touching points of dry or even lubricated friction.\nThe simplicity of the model allows us to investigate a broad contact-size and\nangular range, thus obtaining the statistical properties of the energy barriers\nopposing sliding for a single asperity. These statistical properties are used\nas the input of a master-equation model to predict the sliding properties of\ntwo macroscopic surfaces in contact. The model is consistent with the\nwell-established result that low temperature should generally favor stick-slip\nmotion, while at high temperature sliding should be smooth."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From constrained stochastic processes to the nonlinear sigma model. Two\n  old problems revisited: In this work a method is presented to derive the generating functional in\npath integral form for a system with an arbitrary number of degrees of freedom\nand constrained by general conditions. The method is applied to the case of the\ndynamics of an inextensible chain subjected to external forces. Next, the\ngenerating functional of the inextensible chain is computed assuming that the\ninteractions are switched off. Finally, the generating functional of a two\ndimensional nonlinear sigma model with O(3) symmetry is derived exploiting its\nsimilarities with the model describing the dynamics of the inextensible chain.",
        "positive": "Current Fluctuations in One Dimensional Diffusive Systems with a Step\n  Initial Density Profile: We show how to apply the macroscopic fluctuation theory (MFT) of Bertini, De\nSole, Gabrielli, Jona-Lasinio, and Landim to study the current fluctuations of\ndiffusive systems with a step initial condition. We argue that one has to\ndistinguish between two ways of averaging (the annealed and the quenched cases)\ndepending on whether we let the initial condition fluctuate or not. Although\nthe initial condition is not a steady state, the distribution of the current\nsatisfies a symmetry very reminiscent of the fluctuation theorem. We show how\nthe equations of the MFT can be solved in the case of non-interacting\nparticles. The symmetry of these equations can be used to deduce the\ndistribution of the current for several other models, from its knowledge for\nthe symmetric simple exclusion process. In the range where the integrated\ncurrent $Q_t \\sim \\sqrt{t}$, we show that the non-Gaussian decay $\\exp [-\nQ_t^3/t]$ of the distribution of $Q_t$ is generic."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic theory of Onsager's vortices in two-dimensional hydrodynamics: Starting from the Liouville equation, and using a BBGKY-like hierarchy, we\nderive a kinetic equation for the point vortex gas in two-dimensional (2D)\nhydrodynamics, taking two-body correlations and collective effects into\naccount. This equation is valid at the order 1/N where N>>1 is the number of\npoint vortices in the system (we assume that their individual circulation\nscales like \\gamma ~ 1/N). It gives the first correction, due to graininess and\ncorrelation effects, to the 2D Euler equation that is obtained for\n$N\\rightarrow +\\infty$. For axisymmetric distributions, this kinetic equation\ndoes not relax towards the Boltzmann distribution of statistical equilibrium.\nThis implies either that (i) the \"collisional\" (correlational) relaxation time\nis larger than Nt_D, where t_D is the dynamical time, so that three-body,\nfour-body... correlations must be taken into account in the kinetic theory, or\n(ii) that the point vortex gas is non-ergodic (or does not mix well) and will\nnever attain statistical equilibrium. Non-axisymmetric distributions may relax\ntowards the Boltzmann distribution on a timescale of the order Nt_D due to the\nexistence of additional resonances, but this is hard to prove from the kinetic\ntheory. On the other hand, 2D Euler unstable vortex distributions can\nexperience a process of \"collisionless\" (correlationless) violent relaxation\ntowards a non-Boltzmannian quasistationary state (QSS) on a very short\ntimescale of the order of a few dynamical times. This QSS is possibly described\nby the Miller-Robert-Sommeria (MRS) statistical theory which is the\ncounterpart, in the context of two-dimensional hydrodynamics, of the\nLynden-Bell statistical theory of violent relaxation in stellar dynamics.",
        "positive": "Logarithmic Singularities of Specific Heat and Related Properties of\n  Liquid $^4He$ Near $\u03bb-$Point: The singularity of specific heat ($C_p$) and related properties (viz. thermal\nexpansion coefficient, compressibility and pressure coefficient) of liquid\n$^4He$ at $\\lambda-$point is studied and the accuracy of its logarithmic nature\nas concluded for the first time from a microscopic theory (cond-mat/0606571) of\na system of interacting bosons is examined. A very good agreement between the\nresults of this theory and experiments concludes that singularity is\nintrinsically logarithmic. However, as shown by other studies, weak effects\narising from earth's gravity and small sample size round it off and $C_p$\nassumes asymptotic nature near $T_{\\lambda}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fact-checking Ziegler's maximum entropy production principle beyond the\n  linear regime and towards steady states: We challenge claims that the principle of maximum entropy production produces\nphysical phenomenological relations between conjugate currents and forces, even\nbeyond the linear regime, and that currents in networks arrange themselves to\nmaximize entropy production as the system approaches the steady state. In\nparticular: (1) we show that Ziegler's principle of thermodynamic orthogonality\nleads to stringent reciprocal relations for higher order response coefficients,\nand in the framework of stochastic thermodynamics, we exhibit a simple explicit\nmodel that does not satisfy them; (2) on a network, enforcing Kirchhoff's\ncurrent law, we show that maximization of the entropy production prescribes\nreciprocal relations between coarse-grained observables, but is not responsible\nfor the onset of the steady state, which is rather due to the minimum entropy\nproduction principle.",
        "positive": "Path Integral Formulation for L\u00e9vy Flights - Evaluation of the\n  Propagator for Free, Linear and Harmonic Potentials in the Over- and\n  Underdamped Limits: L\\'{e}vy flights can be described using a Fokker-Planck equation which\ninvolves a fractional derivative operator in the position co-ordinate. Such an\noperator has its natural expression in the Fourier domain. Starting with this,\nwe show that the solution of the equation can be written as a Hamiltonian path\nintegral. Though this has been realized in the literature, the method has not\nfound applications as the path integral appears difficult to evaluate. We show\nthat a method in which one integrates over the position co-ordinates first,\nafter which integration is performed over the momentum co-ordinates, can be\nused to evaluate several path integrals that are of interest. Using this, we\nevaluate the propagators for (a) free particle (b) particle subjected to a\nlinear potential and (c) harmonic potential. In all the three cases, we have\nobtained results for both overdamped and underdamped cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "AC driven thermal ratchets: We consider the motion of a overdamped Brownian particle in periodic\nasymmetric potential with space dependent friction coefficient. In the presence\nof external time periodic forcing, the system shows multiple current reversals\non varying the amplitude of the external forcing and the temperature of the\nthermal bath. In the adiabatic regime we find a single reversal of current as a\nfunction of noise strength which can only be accounted due to the presence of\nspace dependent friction coefficient. For very large forcing term, the current\ndoes not go to zero, instead it asymptotically tends to a limiting value\ndepending on the phase shift between the potential and the friction. This fact\nplays an important role in obtaining multiple current reversals.",
        "positive": "Continuity of the Explosive Percolation Transition: The explosive percolation problem on the complete graph is investigated via\nextensive numerical simulations. We obtain the cluster-size distribution at the\nmoment when the cluster size heterogeneity becomes maximum. The distribution is\nfound to be well described by the power-law form with the decay exponent $\\tau\n= 2.06(2)$, followed by a hump. We then use the finite-size scaling method to\nmake all the distributions at various system sizes up to $N=2^{37}$ collapse\nperfectly onto a scaling curve characterized solely by the single exponent\n$\\tau$. We also observe that the instant of that collapse converges to a\nwell-defined percolation threshold from below as $N\\rightarrow\\infty$. Based on\nthese observations, we show that the explosive percolation transition in the\nmodel should be continuous, contrary to the widely-spread belief of its\ndiscontinuity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-organized criticality within generalized Lorenz scheme: The theory of a flux steady-state related to avalanche formation is presented\nfor the simplest model of a sand pile within framework of the Lorenz approach.\nThe stationary values of sand velocity and sand pile slope are derived as\nfunctions of control parameter (driven sand pile slope). The additive noises of\nabove values are introduced to build the phase diagram, where the noise\nintensities determine both avalanche and non-avalanche domains, as well as\nmixed one. Being corresponded to the SOC regime, the last domain is crucial to\naffect of the noise intensities of vertical component of sand velocity and sand\npile slope especially. To address to a self-similar behavior, a fractional\nfeedback is used as efficient ingredient of the modified Lorenz system. In a\nspirit of Edwards paradigm, an effective thermodynamics is introduced to\ndetermine a distribution over avalanche ensemble with negative temperature.\nSteady-state behavior of the moving grains number, as well as nonextensive\nvalues of entropy and energy is studied in detail. The power-law distribution\nover avalanche sizes is described within a fractional Lorenz scheme, where\nnoise of the energy plays a crucial role. This distribution is shown to be\nsolution of both fractional Fokker-Planck equation and nonlinear one. As a\nresult, we obtain new relations between exponent of the size distribution,\nfractal dimension of phase space, characteristic exponent of multiplicative\nnoise, number of governing equations, dynamical exponents and nonextensivity\nparameter.",
        "positive": "Long-term relaxation of ${1D}$ self-gravitating systems: We investigate the long-term relaxation of one-dimensional (${1D}$)\nself-gravitating systems, using both kinetic theory and $N$-body simulations.\nWe consider thermal and Plummer equilibria, with and without collective\neffects. All combinations are found to be in clear agreement with respect to\nthe Balescu-Lenard and Landau predictions for the diffusion coefficients.\nInterestingly, collective effects reduce the diffusion by a factor ${\\sim 10}$.\nThe predicted flux for Plummer equilibrium matches the measured one, which is a\nremarkable validation of kinetic theory. We also report on a situation of quasi\nkinetic blocking for the same equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation on hyperbolic lattices: The percolation transitions on hyperbolic lattices are investigated\nnumerically using finite-size scaling methods. The existence of two distinct\npercolation thresholds is verified. At the lower threshold, an unbounded\ncluster appears and reaches from the middle to the boundary. This transition is\nof the same type and has the same finite-size scaling properties as the\ncorresponding transition for the Cayley tree. At the upper threshold, on the\nother hand, a single unbounded cluster forms which overwhelms all the others\nand occupies a finite fraction of the volume as well as of the boundary\nconnections. The finite-size scaling properties for this upper threshold are\ndifferent from those of the Cayley tree and two of the critical exponents are\nobtained. The results suggest that the percolation transition for the\nhyperbolic lattices forms a universality class of its own.",
        "positive": "Spectral and Dynamical Properties in Classes of Sparse Networks with\n  Mesoscopic Inhomogeneities: We study structure, eigenvalue spectra and diffusion dynamics in a wide class\nof networks with subgraphs (modules) at mesoscopic scale. The networks are\ngrown within the model with three parameters controlling the number of modules,\ntheir internal structure as scale-free and correlated subgraphs, and the\ntopology of connecting network. Within the exhaustive spectral analysis for\nboth the adjacency matrix and the normalized Laplacian matrix we identify the\nspectral properties which characterize the mesoscopic structure of sparse\ncyclic graphs and trees. The minimally connected nodes, clustering, and the\naverage connectivity affect the central part of the spectrum. The number of\ndistinct modules leads to an extra peak at the lower part of the Laplacian\nspectrum in cyclic graphs. Such a peak does not occur in the case of\ntopologically distinct tree-subgraphs connected on a tree. Whereas the\nassociated eigenvectors remain localized on the subgraphs both in trees and\ncyclic graphs. We also find a characteristic pattern of periodic localization\nalong the chains on the tree for the eigenvector components associated with the\nlargest eigenvalue equal 2 of the Laplacian. We corroborate the results with\nsimulations of the random walk on several types of networks. Our results for\nthe distribution of return-time of the walk to the origin (autocorrelator)\nagree well with recent analytical solution for trees, and it appear to be\nindependent on their mesoscopic and global structure. For the cyclic graphs we\nfind new results with twice larger stretching exponent of the tail of the\ndistribution, which is virtually independent on the size of cycles. The\nmodularity and clustering contribute to a power-law decay at short return\ntimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Singularity of the Free Energy at First Order Phase Transition: At first order phase transition the free energy does not have an analytic\ncontinuation in the thermodynamical variable, which is conjugate to an order\nparameter for the transition. This result is proved at low temperature for\nlattice models with finite range interaction and two periodic ground-states,\nunder the only condition that they verify Peierls condition.",
        "positive": "Superfluid Dynamics of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a One Dimensional\n  Optical Super-Lattice: We derive and study the Bloch and Bogoliubov spectrum of a Bose-Einstein\ncondensate (BEC) confined in a one-dimensional optical superlattice (created by\ninterference between a primary optical lattice and a secondary optical lattice\nof small strength), using the Bogoliubov approximation and the hydrodynamic\ntheory with mode coupling. We show that a BEC in an optical superlattice\nexperiences two different tunneling parameters and hence behaves like a chain\nof diatomic lattice. We derive expressions for the tunneling parameters as a\nfunction of the strength of the primary and secondary lattice. This gives rise\nto a gapped branch in addition to the gapless acoustical branch in the\nBogoliubov spectrum. The spectrum strongly depends on the strength of the\nsecondary lattice, the interaction parameter and the number density of atoms.\nThe effective mass is found to increase as the depth of the secondary optical\nlattice increases, a property that was utilized in ref. [20] to achieve the\nTonks-Girardeau regime. The coupling between the inhomogeneous density in the\nradial plane and the density modulation along the optical lattice gives rise to\nmultibranch Bogoliubov spectrum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equivalence of conditional and external field ensembles in absorbing\n  state phase transitions: I comment on the relation between two sampling methods for absorbing state\nmodels. It is shown that a certain ensemble without external field conditional\nto activity coincides with the unconditional ensemble for sufficiently small\nexternal field. The actual physical processes involved are identical and the\nderivation of the identity of the scaling behaviour relies on a single\n(established) scaling law. While the conditional ensemble by construction does\nnot contain information about the system with large external field, it contains\nall information about the limit of vanishing external field and about the\nvicinity of the critical point: Finite size scaling as well as critical scaling\nin the temperature-like variable or in (small) external field.",
        "positive": "Driven tracer dynamics in a one dimensional quiescent bath: The dynamics of a driven tracer in a quiescent bath subject to geometric\nconfinement effectively models a broad range of phenomena. We explore this\ndynamics in a 1D lattice model where geometric confinement is tuned by varying\nparticle overtaking rates. Previous studies of the model's stationary\nproperties on a ring of $L$ sites have revealed a phase in which the bath\ndensity profile extends over an $\\sim \\mathcal{O}(L)$ distance from the tracer\nand the tracer's velocity vanishes as $\\sim 1/L$. Here, we study the model's\ndynamics in this phase as $L\\rightarrow \\infty$ and for long times. We show\nthat the bath density profile evolves on a $\\sim \\sqrt{t}$ time-scale and,\ncorrespondingly, that the tracer's velocity decays as $\\sim 1/\\sqrt{t}$. Unlike\nthe well-studied non-driven tracer, whose dynamics becomes diffusive whenever\novertaking is allowed, we here find that driving the tracer preserves its\nhallmark sub-diffusive single-file dynamics, even in the presence of\novertaking."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Driving rapidly while remaining in control: classical shortcuts from\n  Hamiltonian to stochastic dynamics: Stochastic thermodynamics lays down a broad framework to revisit the\nvenerable concepts of heat, work and entropy production for individual\nstochastic trajectories of mesoscopic systems. Remarkably, this approach,\nrelying on stochastic equations of motion, introduces time into the description\nof thermodynamic processes -- which opens the way to fine control them. As a\nresult, the field of finite-time thermodynamics of mesoscopic systems has\nblossomed. In this article, after introducing a few concepts of control for\nisolated mechanical systems evolving according to deterministic equations of\nmotion, we review the different strategies that have been developed to realize\nfinite-time state-to-state transformations in both over and underdamped\nregimes, by the proper design of time-dependent control parameters/driving. The\nsystems under study are stochastic, epitomized by a Brownian object immersed in\na fluid; they are thus strongly coupled to their environment playing the role\nof a reservoir. Interestingly, a few of those methods (inverse engineering,\ncounterdiabatic driving, fast-forward) are directly inspired by their\ncounterpart in quantum control. The review also analyzes the control through\nreservoir engineering. Besides the reachability of a given target state from a\nknown initial state, the question of the optimal path is discussed. Optimality\nis here defined with respect to a cost function, a subject intimately related\nto the field of information thermodynamics and the question of speed limit.\nAnother natural extension discussed deals with the connection between arbitrary\nstates or non-equilibrium steady states. This field of control in stochastic\nthermodynamics enjoys a wealth of applications, ranging from optimal mesoscopic\nheat engines to population control in biological systems.",
        "positive": "Ground State Entropy of the Potts Antiferromagnet on Strips of the\n  Square Lattice: We present exact solutions for the zero-temperature partition function\n(chromatic polynomial $P$) and the ground state degeneracy per site $W$ (=\nexponent of the ground-state entropy) for the $q$-state Potts antiferromagnet\non strips of the square lattice of width $L_y$ vertices and arbitrarily great\nlength $L_x$ vertices. The specific solutions are for (a) $L_y=4$,\n$(FBC_y,PBC_x)$ (cyclic); (b) $L_y=4$, $(FBC_y,TPBC_x)$ (M\\\"obius); (c)\n$L_y=5,6$, $(PBC_y,FBC_x)$ (cylindrical); and (d) $L_y=5$, $(FBC_y,FBC_x)$\n(open), where $FBC$, $PBC$, and $TPBC$ denote free, periodic, and twisted\nperiodic boundary conditions, respectively. In the $L_x \\to \\infty$ limit of\neach strip we discuss the analytic structure of $W$ in the complex $q$ plane.\nThe respective $W$ functions are evaluated numerically for various values of\n$q$. Several inferences are presented for the chromatic polynomials and\nanalytic structure of $W$ for lattice strips with arbitrarily great $L_y$. The\nabsence of a nonpathological $L_x \\to \\infty$ limit for real nonintegral $q$ in\nthe interval $0 < q < 3$ ($0 < q < 4$) for strips of the square (triangular)\nlattice is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact stationary solutions of the Kolmogorov-Feller equation in a\n  bounded domain: We present the first detailed analysis of the statistical properties of jump\nprocesses bounded by a saturation function and driven by Poisson white noise,\nbeing a random sequence of delta pulses. The Kolmogorov-Feller equation for the\nprobability density function (PDF) of such processes is derived and its\nstationary solutions are found analytically in the case of the symmetric\nuniform distribution of pulse sizes. Surprisingly, these solutions can exhibit\nvery complex behavior arising from both the boundedness of pulses and\nprocesses. We show that all features of the stationary PDF (number of branches,\ntheir form, extreme values probability, etc.) are completely determined by the\nratio of the saturation function width to the half-width of the pulse-size\ndistribution. We verify all theoretical results by direct numerical\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Crossover between different universality classes: Scaling for thermal\n  transport in one dimension: For thermal transport in one-dimensional (1D) systems, recent studies have\nsuggested that employing different theoretical models and different numerical\nsimulations under different system's parameter regimes might lead to different\nuniversality classes of the scaling exponents. In order to well understand the\nuniversality class(es), here we perform a direct dynamics simulation for two\narchetype 1D oscillator systems with quite different phonon dispersions under\nvarious system's parameters and find that there is a crossover between the\ndifferent universality classes. We show that by varying anharmonicity and\ntemperatures, the space-time scaling exponents for the systems with different\ndispersions can be feasibly tuned in different ways. The underlying picture is\nsuggested to be understood by phonons performing various kinds of\ncontinuous-time random walks (in most cases, be the L\\'{e}vy walks but not\nalways), probably induced by the peculiar phonon dispersions along with\nnonlinearity. The results and suggested mechanisms may provide insights into\ncontrolling the transport of heat in some 1D materials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extracting the number of type-B Goldstone modes and the dynamical\n  critical exponent for a type of scale-invariant states: A generic scheme is proposed to perform a finite-entanglement scaling\nanalysis for scale-invariant states, which appear to be highly degenerate\nground states arising from spontaneous symmetry breaking with type-B Goldstone\nmodes. This allows us to extract the number of type-B Goldstone modes and the\ndynamical critical exponent, in combination with a finite block-size scaling\nanalysis, from numerical simulations of quantum many-body systems in the\ncontext of tensor network representations. The number of type-B Goldstone modes\nis identical to the fractal dimension, thus reflecting an abstract fractal\nunderlying the ground state subspace. As illustrative examples, we investigate\nthe spin-$s$ Heisenberg ferromagnetic model, the $\\rm{SU}(3)$ ferromagnetic\nmodel and the $\\rm{SO}(4)$ spin-orbital model.",
        "positive": "A model of compact polymers on a family of three-dimensional fractal\n  lattices: We study Hamiltonian walks (HWs) on the family of three--dimensional modified\nSierpinski gasket fractals, as a model for compact polymers in nonhomogeneous\nmedia in three dimensions. Each member of this fractal family is labeled with\nan integer $b\\geq 2$. We apply an exact recursive method which allows for\nexplicit enumeration of extremely long Hamiltonian walks of different types:\nclosed and open, with end-points anywhere in the lattice, or with one or both\nends fixed at the corner sites, as well as some Hamiltonian conformations\nconsisting of two or three strands. Analyzing large sets of data obtained for\n$b=2,3$ and 4, we find that numbers $Z_N$ of Hamiltonian walks, on fractal\nlattice with $N$ sites, for $N\\gg 1$ behave as $Z_N\\sim \\omega^N\n\\mu^{N^\\sigma}$. The leading term $\\omega^N$ is characterized by the value of\nthe connectivity constant $\\omega>1$, which depends on $b$, but not on the type\nof HW. In contrast to that, the stretched exponential term $\\mu^{N^\\sigma}$\ndepends on the type of HW through constant $\\mu<1$, whereas exponent $\\sigma$\nis determined by $b$ alone. For larger $b$ values, using some general features\nof the applied recursive relations, without explicit enumeration of HWs, we\nargue that asymptotical behavior of $Z_N$ should be the same, with $\\sigma=\\ln\n3/\\ln[b(b+1)(b+2)/6]$, valid for all $b>2$. This differs from the formulae\nobtained recently for Hamiltonian walks on other fractal lattices, as well as\nfrom the formula expected for homogeneous lattices. We discuss the possible\norigin and implications of such result."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A generalized integral fluctuation theorem for general jump processes: Using the Feynman-Kac and Cameron-Martin-Girsanov formulas, we obtain a\ngeneralized integral fluctuation theorem (GIFT) for discrete jump processes by\nconstructing a time-invariable inner product. The existing discrete IFTs can be\nderived as its specific cases. A connection between our approach and the\nconventional time-reversal method is also established. Different from the\nlatter approach that was extensively employed in existing literature, our\napproach can naturally bring out the definition of a time-reversal of a\nMarkovian stochastic system. Additionally, we find the robust GIFT usually does\nnot result into a detailed fluctuation theorem.",
        "positive": "The ground state-vector of the XY Heisenberg chain and the Gauss\n  decomposition: The XY Heisenberg spin 1/2 chain is considered in the fermion representation.\nThe construction of the ground state-vector is based on the group-theoretical\napproach. The exact expression for the ground state-vector will allow to study\nthe combinatorics of the correlation functions of the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Control of accuracy in the Wang-Landau algorithm: The Wang-Landau (WL) algorithm has been widely used for simulations in many\nareas of physics. Our analysis of the WL algorithm explains its properties and\nshows that the difference of the largest eigenvalue of the transition matrix in\nthe energy space from unity can be used to control the accuracy of estimating\nthe density of states. Analytic expressions for the matrix elements are given\nin the case of the one-dimensional Ising model. The proposed method is further\nconfirmed by numerical results for the one-dimensional and two-dimensional\nIsing models and also the two-dimensional Potts model.",
        "positive": "Gaussian Random Matrix Ensembles in Phase Space: A new class of Random Matrix Ensembles is introduced. The Gaussian\northogonal, unitary, and symplectic ensembles GOE, GUE, and GSE, of random\nmatrices are analogous to the classical Gibbs ensemble governed by Boltzmann's\ndistribution in the coordinate space. The proposed new class of Random Matrix\nensembles is an extension of the above Gaussian ensembles and it is analogous\nto the canonical Gibbs ensemble governed by Maxwell-Boltzmann's distribution in\nphase space. The thermodynamical magnitudes of partition function, intrinsic\nenergy, free energy of Helmholtz, free energy of Gibbs, enthalpy, as well as\nentropy, equation of state, and heat capacities, are derived for the new\nensemble. The examples of nonideal gas with quadratic potential energy as well\nas ideal gas of quantum matrices are provided. The distribution function for\nthe new ensembles is derived from the maximum entropy principle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relativistic Brownian Motion: Stimulated by experimental progress in high energy physics and astrophysics,\nthe unification of relativistic and stochastic concepts has re-attracted\nconsiderable interest during the past decade. Focusing on the framework of\nspecial relativity, we review, here, recent progress in the phenomenological\ndescription of relativistic diffusion processes. After a brief historical\noverview, we will summarize basic concepts from the Langevin theory of\nnonrelativistic Brownian motions and discuss relevant aspects of relativistic\nequilibrium thermostatistics. The introductory parts are followed by a detailed\ndiscussion of relativistic Langevin equations in phase space. We address the\nchoice of time parameters, discretization rules, relativistic\nfluctuation-dissipation theorems, and Lorentz transformations of stochastic\ndifferential equations. The general theory is illustrated through analytical\nand numerical results for the diffusion of free relativistic Brownian\nparticles. Subsequently, we discuss how Langevin-type equations can be obtained\nas approximations to microscopic models. The final part of the article is\ndedicated to relativistic diffusion processes in Minkowski spacetime. Due to\nthe finiteness of velocities in relativity, nontrivial relativistic Markov\nprocesses in spacetime do not exist; i.e., relativistic generalizations of the\nnonrelativistic diffusion equation and its Gaussian solutions must necessarily\nbe non-Markovian. We compare different proposals that were made in the\nliterature and discuss their respective benefits and drawbacks. The review\nconcludes with a summary of open questions, which may serve as a starting point\nfor future investigations and extensions of the theory.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanical model for crack growth: Analytic relations that describe crack growth are vital for modeling\nexperiments and building a theoretical understanding of fracture. Upon\nconstructing an idealized model system for the crack and applying the\nprinciples of statistical thermodynamics, it is possible to formulate the rate\nof thermally activated crack growth as a function of load, but the result is\nanalytically intractable. Here, an asymptotically correct theory is used to\nobtain analytic approximations of the crack growth rate from the fundamental\ntheoretical formulation. These crack growth rate relations are compared to\nthose that exist in the literature and are validated with respect to Monte\nCarlo calculations and experiments. The success of this approach is encouraging\nfor future modeling endeavors that might consider more complicated fracture\nmechanisms, such as inhomogeneity or a reactive environment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tsallis meets Boltzmann: q-index for a finite ideal gas and its\n  thermodynamic limit: Nonadditive Tsallis $q$-statistics has successfully been applied for a\nplethora of systems in natural sciences and other branches of knowledge.\nNevertheless, its foundations have been severely criticised by some authors\nbased on the standard additive Boltzmann-Gibbs approach thereby remaining a\nquite controversial subject. In order to clarify some polemical concepts, the\ndistribution function for an ideal gas with a finite number of point particles\nand its $q$-index are analytically determined. The two-particle correlation\nfunction is also derived. The degree of correlation diminishes continuously\nwith the growth of the number of particles. The ideal finite gas system is\nusually correlated, becomes less correlated when the number of particles grows,\nand is finally, fully uncorrelated when the molecular chaos regime is reached.\nIt is also advocated that both approaches can be confronted through a careful\nkinetic spectroscopic experiment. The analytical results derived here suggest\nthat Tsallis q-statistics may play a physical role more fundamental than\nusually discussed in the literature.",
        "positive": "Asperity characteristics of the Olami-Feder-Christensen model of\n  earthquakes: Properties of the Olami-Feder-Christensen (OFC) model of earthquakes are\nstudied by numerical simulations. The previous study indicated that the model\nexhibits ``asperity''-like phenomena, {\\it i.e.}, the same region ruptures many\ntimes near periodically [T.Kotani {\\it et al}, Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 77}, 010102\n(2008)]. Such periodic or characteristic features apparently coexist with\npower-law-like critical features, {\\it e.g.}, the Gutenberg-Richter law\nobserved in the size distribution. In order to clarify the origin and the\nnature of the asperity-like phenomena, we investigate here the properties of\nthe OFC model with emphasis on its stress distribution. It is found that the\nasperity formation is accompanied by self-organization of the highly\nconcentrated stress state. Such stress organization naturally provides the\nmechanism underlying our observation that a series of asperity events repeat\nwith a common epicenter site and with a common period solely determined by the\ntransmission parameter of the model. Asperity events tend to cluster both in\ntime and in space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fate of Majorana fermions and Chern numbers after a quantum quench: The stability of Majorana fermions at the edges of a two-dimensional\ntopological supercondutor is studied, after quenches to either non-topological\nphases or other topological phases. Both instantaneous and slow quenches are\nconsidered. In general, the Majorana modes decay and, in the case of\ninstantaneous quenches, their revival times scale to infinity as the system\nsize grows. Considering fast quantum quenches within the same topological\nphase, leads, in some cases, to robust edge modes. Quenches to a topological\n$Z_2$ phase reveal some robustness of the Majorana fermions. Comparing strong\nspin-orbit coupling with weak spin-orbit coupling, it is found that the\nMajorana fermions are fairly robust, if the pairing is not aligned with the\nspin-orbit Rashba coupling. It is also shown that the Chern number remains\ninvariant after the quench, until the propagation of the mode along the\ntransverse direction reaches the middle point, beyond which the Chern number\noscillates between increasing values. In some cases, the time average Chern\nnumber seems to converge to the appropriate value, but often the decay is very\nslow. The effect of varying the rate of change in slow quenches is also\nanalysed. It is found that the defect production is non-universal and does not\nfollow the Kibble-Zurek scaling with the quench rate, as obtained before for\nother systems with topological edge states.",
        "positive": "The open Haldane-Shastry chain: thermodynamics and criticality: We study the thermodynamics and criticality of the su($m|n$) Haldane-Shastry\nchain of $BC_N$ type with a general chemical potential term. We first derive a\ncomplete description of the spectrum of this model in terms of $BC_N$-type\nmotifs, from which we deduce a representation for the partition function as the\ntrace of a product of site-dependent transfer matrices. In the thermodynamic\nlimit, this formula yields a simple expression for the free energy per spin in\nterms of the Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue of the continuum limit of the transfer\nmatrix. Evaluating this eigenvalue we obtain closed-form expressions for the\nthermodynamic functions of the chains with $m,n\\le2$. Using the motif-based\ndescription of the spectrum derived here, we study in detail the ground state\nof these models and their low energy excitations. In this way we identify the\ncritical intervals in chemical potential space and compute their corresponding\nFermi velocities. By contrast with previously studied models of this type, we\nfind in some cases two types of low energy excitations with linear\nenergy-quasimomentum relation. Finally, we determine the central charge of all\nthe critical phases by analyzing the low-temperature behavior of the expression\nfor the free energy per spin."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Can exotic disordered \"stealthy\" particle configurations tolerate\n  arbitrarily large holes?: The probability of finding a spherical cavity or \"hole\" of arbitrarily large\nsize in typical disordered many-particle systems in the infinite-size limit\n(e.g., equilibrium liquid states) is non-zero. Such \"hole\" statistics are\nintimately linked to the physical properties of the system. Disordered\n\"stealthy' many-particle configurations in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space\n$\\mathbb{R}^d$ are exotic amorphous states of matter that lie between a liquid\nand crystal that prohibit single-scattering events for a range of wave vectors\nand possess no Bragg peaks [Torquato et al., Phys. Rev. X, 2015, 5, 021020]. In\nthis paper, we provide strong numerical evidence that disordered stealthy\nconfigurations across the first three space dimensions cannot tolerate\narbitrarily large holes in the infinite-system-size limit, i.e., the hole\nprobability has compact support. This structural \"rigidity\" property apparently\nendows disordered stealthy systems with novel thermodynamic and physical\nproperties, including desirable band-gap, optical and transport\ncharacteristics. We also determine the maximum hole size that any stealthy\nsystem can possess across the first three space dimensions.",
        "positive": "Critical load and congestion instabilities in scale-free networks: We study the tolerance to congestion failures in communication networks with\nscale-free topology. The traffic load carried by each damaged element in the\nnetwork must be partly or totally redistributed among the remaining elements.\nOverloaded elements might fail on their turn, triggering the occurrence of\nfailure cascades able to isolate large parts of the network. We find a critical\ntraffic load above which the probability of massive traffic congestions\ndestroying the network communication capabilities is finite."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extreme escape from a cusp: when does geometry matter for the fastest\n  Brownian particles moving in crowded cellular environments?: We study here the extreme statistics of Brownian particles escaping from a\ncusp funnel: the fastest Brownian particles among $n$ follow an ensemble of\noptimal trajectories located near the shortest path from the source to the\ntarget. For the time of such first arrivers, we derive an asymptotic formula\nthat differs from the classical narrow escape and dire strait obtained for the\nmean first passage time. Consequently, when particles are initially distributed\nat a given distance from a cusp, the fastest do see some properties\ncharacterizing the cusp geometry. Therefore, when many particles diffuse around\nimpermeable obstacles, the geometry plays a role in the time to reach a target.\nIn the biological context of cellular transduction with signalling molecules,\nhaving to escape such cusp-like domains slows down fast signaling. To conclude,\ngenerating multiple copies of the same molecule helps bypass a crowded\nenvironment to transmit a molecular signal quickly.",
        "positive": "Kinetic Pathways of Phase Decomposition Using Steepest-Entropy-Ascent\n  Quantum Thermodynamics Modeling. Part I: Continuous and Discontinuous\n  Transformations: The decomposition kinetics of a solid-solution into separate phases are\nanalyzed with an equation of motion initially developed to account for\ndissipative processes in quantum systems. This equation and the\nsteepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamic framework of which it is a part\nmake it possible to track kinetic processes in systems in non-equilibrium,\nwhile retaining the framework of classical equilibrium thermodynamics. The\ngeneral equation of motion is particularized for the case of the decomposition\nof a binary alloy, and a solution model is used to build an approximate energy\neigenstructure, or pseudo-eigenstructure, for the alloy system. This equation\nis then solved with the pseudo-eigenstructure to obtain a unique reaction path\nand the decomposition kinetics of the alloy. For a hypothetical solid-solution\nwith a miscibility gap at low temperatures, the conditions under which this\nframework predicts a continuous transformation path (spinodal decomposition) or\na discontinuous one (nucleation and growth) are demonstrated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Motion of Patterns Modeled by the Gray-Scott Autocatalysis System in One\n  Dimension: Occupation of an interval by self-replicating initial pulses is studied\nnumerically. Two different approximates in different categories are proposed\nfor the numerical solutions of some initial-boundary value problems. The sinc\ndifferential quadrature combined with third-fourth order implicit Rosenbrock\nand exponential B-spline collocation methods are setup to obtain the numerical\nsolutions of the mentioned problems. The numerical simulations containing\noccupation of single initial pulse, non or slow occupation model and covering\nthe domain with two initial pulses are demonstrated by using both proposed\nmethods.",
        "positive": "Once again on molecular Brownian motion and related fundamental 1/f\n  noise: a logical analysis of exact equations: The paper contains a simple semi-quantitative analysis of a structure of\nsolution to the exact Bogolyubov functional equation for a particle interacting\nwith ideal gas and driven by an external force, in comparison with solutions to\nmodel kinetic equations for the same system. It is shown that the exact\nequation inevitably predicts existence of significant 1/f-type fluctuations in\nmobility of the particle, and this result directly extends to particles in\narbitrary fluid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bound on Eigenstate Thermalization from Transport: We show that macroscopic thermalization and transport impose constraints on\nmatrix elements entering the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) ansatz\nand require them to be correlated. It is often assumed that the ETH reduces to\nRandom Matrix Theory (RMT) below the Thouless energy scale. We show this\nconventional picture is not self-consistent. We prove that energy scale at\nwhich the RMT behavior emerges has to be parametrically smaller than the\ninverse timescale of the slowest thermalization mode coupled to the operator of\ninterest. We argue that the timescale marking the onset of the RMT behavior is\nthe same timescale at which hydrodynamic description of transport breaks down.",
        "positive": "Dissipative quantum dynamics of bosonic atoms in a shallow 1D optical\n  lattice: We theoretically study the dipolar motion of bosonic atoms in a very shallow,\nstrongly confined 1D optical lattice using the parameters of the recent\nexperiment [Fertig et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 220402 (2005)]. We find that,\ndue to momentum uncertainty, a small, but non-negligible, atom population\noccupies the unstable velocity region of the corresponding classical dynamics,\nresulting in the observed dissipative atom transport. This population is\ngenerated even in a static vapor, due to quantum fluctuations which are\nenhanced by the lattice and the confinement, and is not notably affected by the\nmotion of atoms or finite temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theoretical simulation of the anisotropic phases of antiferromagnetic\n  thin films: We simulate antiferromagnetic thin films. Dipole-dipole and antiferromagnetic\nexchange interactions as well as uniaxial and quadrupolar anisotropies are\ntaken into account. Various phases unfold as the corresponding parameters, J, D\nand C, as well as the temperature T and the number n of film layers vary. We\nfind (1) how the strength Delta_m of the anisotropy arising from dipole-dipole\ninteractions varies with the number of layers m away from the film's surface,\nwith J and with n; (2) a unified phase diagram for all n-layer films and bulk\nsystems; (3) a layer dependent spin reorientation (SR) phase in which spins\nrotate continuously as T, D, C and n vary; (4) that the ratio of the SR to the\nordering temperature depends (approximately) on n only through (D+Delta/n)/C,\nand hardly on J; (5) a phase transformation between two different magnetic\norderings, in which spin orientations may or may not change, for some values of\nJ, by varying n.",
        "positive": "The laws of thermodynamics for quantum dissipative systems: A\n  quasi-equilibrium Helmholtz energy approach: Using the quasi-equilibrium Helmholtz energy (qHE), defined as the\nthermodynamic work in a quasi-static process, we investigate the thermal\nproperties of both an isothermal process and a transition process between the\nadiabatic and isothermal states (adiabatic transition). Here, the work is\ndefined by the change in energy from a steady-state to another state under a\ntime-dependent perturbation. In particular, the work for a quasi-static change\nis regarded as thermodynamic work. We employ a system--bath model that involves\ntime-dependent perturbations in both the system and the system--bath\ninteraction. We conduct numerical experiments for a three-stroke heat machine\n(a Kelvin-Planck cycle). For this purpose, we employ the hierarchical equations\nof motion (HEOM) approach. These experiments involve an adiabatic transition\nfield that describes the operation of an adiabatic wall between the system and\nthe bath. Thermodynamic--work diagrams for external fields and their conjugate\nvariables, similar to the $P$--$V$ diagram, are introduced to analyze the work\ndone for the system in the cycle. We find that the thermodynamic efficiency of\nthis machine is zero because the field for the isothermal processes acts as a\nrefrigerator, whereas that for the adiabatic wall acts as a heat engine. This\nis a numerical manifestation of the Kelvin--Planck statement, which states that\nit is impossible to derive mechanical effects from a single heat source. These\nHEOM simulations serve as a rigorous test of thermodynamic formulations because\nthe second law of thermodynamics is only valid when the work involved in the\noperation of the adiabatic wall is treated accurately."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Fokker-Planck-Kramers equation and entropy production: We use a canonical quantization procedure to set up a quantum\nFokker-Planck-Kramers equation that accounts for quantum dissipation in a\nthermal environment. The dissipation term is chosen to ensure that the\nthermodynamic equilibrium is described by the Gibbs state. An expression for\nthe quantum entropy production is also provided which properly describes\nquantum systems in a nonequilibrium stationary state. The time-dependent\nsolution is given for a quantum harmonic oscillator in contact with a heat\nbath. We also obtain the stationary solution for a system of two coupled\nharmonic oscillators in contact with reservoirs at distinct temperatures, from\nwhich we obtain the entropy production and the quantum thermal conductance.",
        "positive": "Traveling discontinuity at the quantum butterfly front: We formulate a kinetic theory of quantum information scrambling in the\ncontext of a paradigmatic model of interacting electrons in the vicinity of a\nsuperconducting phase transition. We carefully derive a set of coupled partial\ndifferential equations that effectively govern the dynamics of information\nspreading in generic dimensions. Their solutions show that scrambling\npropagates at the maximal speed set by the Fermi velocity. At early times, we\nfind exponential growth at a rate set by the inelastic scattering. At late\ntimes, we find that scrambling is governed by shock-wave dynamics with\ntraveling waves exhibiting a discontinuity at the boundary of the light cone.\nNotably, we find perfectly causal dynamics where the solutions do not spill\noutside of the light cone."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal depinning and transverse-field tilting transitions in a planar\n  vortex array pinned by a columnar defect: We study a thermal and a transverse magnetic field response of a vortex line\narray confined to a plane with a single columnar pinning defect. By integrating\nout ``bulk'' degrees of freedom away from the columnar defect we reduce this\ntwo-dimensional problem to a one-dimensional one, localized on the defect and\nexhibiting a long-range elasticity along the defect. We show that as a function\nof temperature, for a magnetic field aligned with the defect this system\nexhibits a one-dimensional analog of a roughening transition, with a\nlow-temperature ``smooth'' phase corresponding to a vortex array pinned by the\ndefect, and a high-temperature ``rough'' phase in which at long scales thermal\nfluctuations effectively average away the pinning by the defect. We also find\nthat in the low-temperature pinned phase, the vortex lattice tilt response to a\ntransverse magnetic field proceeds via a soliton proliferation transition,\ngoverned by an integrable sine-Hilbert equation and analogous to the well-known\ncommensurate-incommensurate transition in sine-Gordon systems. The\ndistinguishing feature here is the long-range nature of the one-dimensional\nelasticity, leading to a logarithmic soliton energy and interaction. We predict\nthe transverse-field -- temperature phase diagram and discuss extension of our\nresults to a bulk vortex array in the presence of a distribution of columnar\ndefects.",
        "positive": "Closed virial equation-of-state for the hard-disk fluid: A closed virial equation-of-state for the low density fluid phase of hard\ndisks is obtained from the known virial coefficients. The equation exhibits\n6-figure accuracy for the thermodynamic (MD) pressure up to the reduced number\ndensity ~ 0.4 Interpolation of the discrepancy at higher densities indicates a\nhigher-order thermodynamic phase transition at the extensive-intensive\nfree-volume percolation transition previously located by Hoover et al. (JCP 70\n1837 1979)"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling behavior for finite O(n) systems with long-range interaction: A detailed investigation of the scaling properties of the fully finite ${\\cal\nO}(n)$ systems with long-range interaction, decaying algebraically with the\ninterparticle distance $r$ like $r^{-d-\\sigma}$, below their upper critical\ndimension is presented. The computation of the scaling functions is done to one\nloop order in the non-zero modes. The results are obtained in an expansion of\npowers of $\\sqrt\\epsilon$, where $\\epsilon=2\\sigma-d$ up to ${\\cal\nO}(\\epsilon^{3/2})$. The thermodynamic functions are found to be functions the\nscaling variable $z=RL^{2-\\eta-\\epsilon/2}U^{-1/2}$, where $R$ and $U$ are the\ncoupling constants of the constructed effective theory, and $L$ is the linear\nsize of the system. Some simple universal results are obtained.",
        "positive": "Chaotic behavior of a spin-glass model on a Cayley tree: We investigate the phase diagram of a spin--1 Ising spin-glass model on a\nCayley tree. According to early work of Thompson and collaborators, this\nproblem can be formulated in terms of a set of nonlinear discrete recursion\nrelations along the branches of the tree. Physically relevant solutions\ncorrespond to the attractors of these mapping equations. In the limit of\ninfinite coordination of the tree, and for some choices of the model\nparameters, we make contact with findings for the phase diagram of more\nrecently investigated versions of the Blume-Emery-Griffiths spin-glass model.\nIn addition to the anticipated phases, we numerically characterize the\nexistence of modulated and chaotic structures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics and Economics: The application of principles of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics to\neconomic systems is considered in a broad historical perspective, extending\nfrom prehistoric times to the present day. The hypothesis of maximum entropy\nproduction (MEP), which has been used to model complex physical systems such as\nfluid turbulence and the climate of the Earth and other planets, may be applied\nto human economic activity, subject to constraints such as the availability of\nsuitable technology, and the nature of political control. Applied to the\ncurrent abundance of available energy from fossil fuel reserves, MEP is shown\nto have significant policy implications.",
        "positive": "Cluster Monte Carlo Algorithms for Dissipative Quantum Systems: We review efficient Monte Carlo methods for simulating quantum systems which\ncouple to a dissipative environment. A brief introduction of the\nCaldeira-Leggett model and the Monte Carlo method will be followed by a\ndetailed discussion of cluster algorithms and the treatment of long-range\ninteractions. Dissipative quantum spins and resistively shunted Josephson\njunctions will be considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Understanding fragility in supercooled Lennard-Jones mixtures. II.\n  Potential energy surface: We numerically investigated the connection between isobaric fragility and the\nproperties of high-order stationary points of the potential energy surface in\ndifferent supercooled Lennard-Jones mixtures. The increase of effective\nactivation energies upon supercooling appears to be driven by the increase of\naverage potential energy barriers measured by the energy dependence of the\nfraction of unstable modes. Such an increase is sharper, the more fragile is\nthe mixture. Correlations between fragility and other properties of high-order\nstationary points, including the vibrational density of states and the\nlocalization features of unstable modes, are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Noisy Covariance Matrices and Portfolio Optimization II: Recent studies inspired by results from random matrix theory [1,2,3] found\nthat covariance matrices determined from empirical financial time series appear\nto contain such a high amount of noise that their structure can essentially be\nregarded as random. This seems, however, to be in contradiction with the\nfundamental role played by covariance matrices in finance, which constitute the\npillars of modern investment theory and have also gained industry-wide\napplications in risk management. Our paper is an attempt to resolve this\nembarrassing paradox. The key observation is that the effect of noise strongly\ndepends on the ratio r = n/T, where n is the size of the portfolio and T the\nlength of the available time series. On the basis of numerical experiments and\nanalytic results for some toy portfolio models we show that for relatively\nlarge values of r (e.g. 0.6) noise does, indeed, have the pronounced effect\nsuggested by [1,2,3] and illustrated later by [4,5] in a portfolio optimization\ncontext, while for smaller r (around 0.2 or below), the error due to noise\ndrops to acceptable levels. Since the length of available time series is for\nobvious reasons limited in any practical application, any bound imposed on the\nnoise-induced error translates into a bound on the size of the portfolio. In a\nrelated set of experiments we find that the effect of noise depends also on\nwhether the problem arises in asset allocation or in a risk measurement\ncontext: if covariance matrices are used simply for measuring the risk of\nportfolios with a fixed composition rather than as inputs to optimization, the\neffect of noise on the measured risk may become very small."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probing the role of long-range interactions in the dynamics of a\n  long-range Kitaev Chain: We study the role of long-range interactions on the non-equilibrium dynamics\nconsidering a long-range Kitaev chain in which superconducting term decays with\ndistance between two sites in a power-law fashion characterised by an exponent\n$\\alpha$. We show that the Kibble-Zurek scaling exponent, dictating the\npower-law decay of the defect density in the final state reached following a\nslow quenching of the chemical potential ($\\mu$) across a quantum critical\npoint, depends non-trivially on the exponent $\\alpha$ as long as $\\alpha <2$;\non the other hand, for $\\alpha >2$, one finds that the exponent saturates to\nthe corresponding well-know value of $1/2$ expected for the short-range model.\nFurthermore, studying the dynamical quantum phase transitions manifested in the\nnon-analyticities in the rate function of the return possibility ($I(t)$) in\nsubsequent temporal evolution following a sudden change in $\\mu$, we show the\nexistence of a new region; in this region, we find three instants of cusp\nsingularities in $I(t)$ associated with a single sector of Fisher zeros.\nNotably, the width of this region shrinks as $\\alpha$ increases and vanishes in\nthe limit $\\alpha \\to 2$.",
        "positive": "Connectivity of Growing Random Networks: A solution for the time- and age-dependent connectivity distribution of a\ngrowing random network is presented. The network is built by adding sites which\nlink to earlier sites with a probability A_k which depends on the number of\npre-existing links k to that site. For homogeneous connection kernels, A_k ~\nk^gamma, different behaviors arise for gamma<1, gamma>1, and gamma=1. For\ngamma<1, the number of sites with k links, N_k, varies as stretched\nexponential. For gamma>1, a single site connects to nearly all other sites. In\nthe borderline case A_k ~ k, the power law N_k ~k^{-nu} is found, where the\nexponent nu can be tuned to any value in the range 2<nu<infinity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stable resonances and signal propagation in a chaotic network of coupled\n  units: We apply the linear response theory developed in \\cite{Ruelle} to analyze how\na periodic signal of weak amplitude, superimposed upon a chaotic background, is\ntransmitted in a network of non linearly interacting units. We numerically\ncompute the complex susceptibility and show the existence of specific poles\n(stable resonances) corresponding to the response to perturbations transverse\nto the attractor. Contrary to the poles of correlation functions they depend on\nthe pair emitting/receiving units. This dynamic differentiation, induced by non\nlinearities, exhibits the different ability that units have to transmit a\nsignal in this network.",
        "positive": "The Atomic Slide Puzzle: Self-Diffusion of an Impure Atom: In a series of recent papers van Gastel et al have presented first\nexperimental evidence that impure, Indium atoms, embedded into the first layer\nof a Cu(001) surface, are not localized within the close-packed surface layers\nbut make concerted, long excursions visualized in a series of STM images. Such\nexcursions occur due to continuous reshuffling of the surface following the\nposition exchanges of both impure and host atoms with the naturally occuring\nsurface vacancies. Van Gastel et al have also formulated an original\nlattice-gas type model with asymmetric exchange probabilities, whose numerical\nsolution is in a good agreement with the experimental data. In this paper we\npropose an exact lattice solution of several versions of this model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ewald methods for inverse power-law interactions in tridimensional and\n  quasi-two dimensional systems: In this paper, we derive the Ewald method for inverse power-law interactions\nin quasi-two dimensional systems. The derivation is done by using two different\nanalytical methods. The first uses the Parry's limit, that considers the Ewald\nmethods for quasi-two dimensional systems as a limit of the Ewald methods for\ntridimensional systems, the second uses Poisson-Jacobi identities for lattice\nsums. Taking into account the equivalence of both derivations, we obtain a new\nanalytical Fourier transform intregral involving incomplete gamma function.\nEnergies of the generalized restrictive primitive model of electrolytes\n($\\eta$-RPM) and of the generalized one component plasma model ($\\eta$-OCP) are\ngiven for the tridimensional, quasi-two dimensional and monolayers systems. Few\nnumerical results, using Monte-Carlo simulations, for $\\eta$-RPM and $\\eta$-OCP\nmonolayers systems are reported.",
        "positive": "Bloch oscillations in one-dimensional spinor gas: A force applied to a spin-flipped particle in a one-dimensional spinor gas\nmay lead to Bloch oscillations of particle's position and velocity. The\nexistence of Bloch oscillations crucially depends on the viscous friction force\nexerted by the rest of the gas on the spin excitation. We evaluate the friction\nin terms of the quantum fluid parameters. In particular, we show that the\nfriction is absent for integrable cases, such as SU(2) symmetric gas of bosons\nor fermions. For small deviations from the exact integrability the friction is\nvery weak, opening the possibility to observe Bloch oscillations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interface dynamics in the two-dimensional quantum Ising model: In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 120601] we have shown that the\ndynamics of interfaces, in the symmetry-broken phase of the two-dimensional\nferromagnetic quantum Ising model, displays a robust form of ergodicity\nbreaking. In this paper, we elaborate more on the issue. First, we discuss two\nclasses of initial states on the square lattice, the dynamics of which is\ndriven by complementary terms in the effective Hamiltonian and may be solved\nexactly: (a) strips of consecutive neighbouring spins aligned in the opposite\ndirection of the surrounding spins, and (b) a large class of initial states,\ncharacterized by the presence of a well-defined \"smooth\" interface separating\ntwo infinitely extended regions with oppositely aligned spins. The evolution of\nthe latter states can be mapped onto that of an effective one-dimensional\nfermionic chain, which is integrable in the infinite-coupling limit. In this\ncase, deep connections with noteworthy results in mathematics emerge, as well\nas with similar problems in classical statistical physics. We present a\ndetailed analysis of the evolution of these interfaces both on the lattice and\nin a suitable continuum limit, including the interface fluctuations and the\ndynamics of entanglement entropy. Second, we provide analytical and numerical\nevidence supporting the conclusion that the observed non-ergodicity -- arising\nfrom Stark localization of the effective fermionic excitations -- persists away\nfrom the infinite-Ising-coupling limit, and we highlight the presence of a\ntimescale $T\\sim e^{c L\\ln L}$ for the decay of a region of large linear size\n$L$. The implications of our work for the classic problem of the decay of a\nfalse vacuum are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Quenched Kosterlitz-Thouless Superfluid Transitions: The properties of rapidly quenched superfluid phase transitions are computed\nfor two-dimensional Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) systems. The decay in the\nvortex-pair density and the recovery of the superfluid density after a quench\nare found by solving the Fokker-Planck equation describing the vortex dynamics,\nin conjunction with the KT recursion relations. The vortex density is found to\ndecay approximately as the inverse of the time from the quench, in agreement\nwith computer simulations and with scaling theories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enhanced Saturation Coverages in Adsorption-Desorption Processes: Many experimental studies of protein deposition on solid surfaces involve\nalternating adsorption/desorption steps. In this paper, we investigate the\neffect of a desorption step (separating two adsorption steps) on the kinetics,\nthe adsorbed-layer structure, and the saturation density. Our theoretical\napproach involves a density expansion of the pair distribution function and an\napplication of an interpolation formula to estimate the saturation density as a\nfunction of the density at which the desorption process commences, $\\rho_1$,\nand the density of the depleted configuration, $\\rho_2$. The theory predicts an\nenhancement of the saturation density compared with that of a simple,\nuninterrupted RSA process and a maximum in the saturation density when\n$\\rho_2={2/3}\\rho_1$. The theoretical results are in qualitative and in\nsemi-quantitative agreement with the results of numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Distribution functions in percolation problems: Percolation clusters are random fractals whose geometrical and transport\nproperties can be characterized with the help of probability distribution\nfunctions. Using renormalized field theory, we determine the asymptotic form of\nvarious of such distribution functions in the limits where certain scaling\nvariables become small or large. Our study includes the pair-connection\nprobability, the distributions of the fractal masses of the backbone, the red\nbonds and the shortest, the longest and the average self-avoiding walk between\nany two points on a cluster, as well as the distribution of the total\nresistance in the random resistor network. Our analysis draws solely on\ngeneral, structural features of the underlying diagrammatic perturbation\ntheory, and hence our main results are valid to arbitrary loop order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous universal adiabatic dynamics: The case of the Fredkin model: When a system is driven across a second-order quantum phase transition, the\nnumber of defects which are produced scales with the speed of the variation of\nthe tuning parameter according to a universal law described by the Kibble-Zurek\nmechanism. We study a possible breakdown of this prediction proving that the\nnumber of defects can exhibit another universal scaling law which is still\nrelated only to the critical exponents $z$ and $\\nu$, but differs from the\nKibble-Zurek result. Finally we provide an example, the deformed Fredkin spin\nchain, where this violation of the standard adiabatic dynamics can occur.",
        "positive": "Holographic Symmetries and Generalized Order Parameters for Topological\n  Matter: We introduce a universally applicable method, based on the bond-algebraic\ntheory of dualities, to search for generalized order parameters in disparate\nsystems including non-Landau systems with topological order. A key notion that\nwe advance is that of {\\em holographic symmetry}. It reflects situations\nwherein global symmetries become, under a duality mapping, symmetries that act\nsolely on the system's boundary. Holographic symmetries are naturally related\nto edge modes and localization. The utility of our approach is illustrated by\nsystematically deriving generalized order parameters for pure and\nmatter-coupled Abelian gauge theories, and for some models of topological\nmatter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagram of two-lane driven diffusive systems: We consider a large class of two-lane driven diffusive systems in contact\nwith reservoirs at their boundaries and develop a stability analysis as a\nmethod to derive the phase diagrams of such systems. We illustrate the method\nby deriving phase diagrams for the asymmetric exclusion process coupled to\nvarious second lanes: a diffusive lane; an asymmetric exclusion process with\nadvection in the same direction as the first lane, and an asymmetric exclusion\nprocess with advection in the opposite direction. The competing currents on the\ntwo lanes naturally lead to a very rich phenomenology and we find a variety of\nphase diagrams. It is shown that the stability analysis is equivalent to an\n`extremal current principle' for the total current in the two lanes. We also\npoint to classes of models where both the stability analysis and the extremal\ncurrent principle fail.",
        "positive": "Path-reversal, Doi-Peliti generating functionals, and dualities between\n  dynamics and inference for stochastic processes: Fluctuation theorems may be partitioned into those that apply the probability\nmeasure under the original stochastic process to reversed paths, and those that\nconstruct a new, adjoint measure by similarity transform, which locally\nreverses probability currents. Results that use the original measure have a\nnatural interpretation in terms of time-reversal of the dynamics. Here we\ndevelop a general interpretation of fluctuation theorems based on the adjoint\nprocess by considering the duality of the Kolmogorov-forward and backward\nequations, acting on distributions versus observables. The backward propagation\nof the dependency of observables is related to problems of statistical\ninference, so we characterize the adjoint construction as a duality between\ndynamics and inference.\n  The adjoint process corresponds to the Kolmogorov backward equation in a\ngenerating functional that erases memory from the dynamics of its underlying\ndistribution. We show how erasure affects general correlation functions by\nshowing that duality under the adjoint fluctuation theorems exchanges the roles\nof advanced and retarded Green's functions. We derive results for the class of\ndiscrete-state stochastic processes corresponding to Chemical Reaction Networks\n(CRNs), and show that dualization acts on the \\emph{finite} representation of\nthe generating event-set, in a manner similar to the usual similarity transform\nacting on the (potentially infinite) set of state transitions. We construct\ngenerating functionals within the Doi-Peliti (DP) functional integral\nframework, within which duality transformation takes a remarkably simple form\nas a change of integration variable. Our Green's function analysis recovers the\nExtended Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem of Seifert and Speck for\nnon-equilibrium steady states, shows that the causal structure responsible for\nit applies also to dualization about non-steady states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enstrophy dissipation in two-dimensional turbulence: Insight into the problem of two-dimensional turbulence can be obtained by an\nanalogy with a heat conduction network. It allows the identification of an\nentropy function associated to the enstrophy dissipation and that fluctuates\naround a positive (mean) value. While the corresponding enstrophy network is\nhighly nonlocal, the direction of the enstrophy current follows from the Second\nLaw of Thermodynamics. An essential parameter is the ratio $T_k = \\gamma_k\n/(\\nu k^2)$ of the intensity of driving $\\gamma_k>0$ as a function of\nwavenumber $k$, to the dissipation strength $\\nu k^2$, where $\\nu$ is the\nviscosity. The enstrophy current flows from higher to lower values of $T_k$,\nsimilar to a heat current from higher to lower temperature. Our probabilistic\nanalysis of the enstrophy dissipation and the analogy with heat conduction thus\ncomplements and visualizes the more traditional spectral arguments for the\ndirect enstrophy cascade. We also show a fluctuation symmetry in the\ndistribution of the total entropy production which relates the probabilities of\ndirect and inverse enstrophy cascades.",
        "positive": "Matrix quantum groups as matrix product operator representations of Lie\n  groups: We demonstrate that the matrix quantum group $SL_q(2)$ gives rise to\nnontrivial matrix product operator representations of the Lie group $SL(2)$,\nproviding an explicit characterization of the nontrivial global $SU(2)$\nsymmetry of the XXZ model with periodic boundary conditions. The matrix product\noperators are non-injective and their set is closed under multiplication. This\nallows to calculate the fusion tensors acting on the virtual or quantum degrees\nof freedom and to obtain the recoupling coefficients, which satisfy a type of\npentagon relation. We argue that the combination of this data with the well\nknown $q$-deformed Clebsch-Gordan coefficients and 6j-symbols is consistent\nwith a description of this quantum group in terms of bimodule categories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact spatial correlations in single-file diffusion: Single-file diffusion refers to the motion of diffusive particles in narrow\nchannels, so that they cannot bypass each other. This constraint leads to the\nsubdiffusion of a tagged particle, called the tracer. This anomalous behaviour\nresults from the strong correlations that arise in this geometry between the\ntracer and the surrounding bath particles. Despite their importance, these\nbath-tracer correlations have long remained elusive, because their\ndetermination is a complex many-body problem. Recently, we have shown that, for\nseveral paradigmatic models of single-file diffusion such as the Simple\nExclusion Process, these bath-tracer correlations obey a simple exact closed\nequation. In this paper, we provide the full derivation of this equation, as\nwell as an extension to another model of single-file transport: the double\nexclusion process. We also make the connection between our results and the ones\nobtained very recently by several other groups, and which rely on the exact\nsolution of different models obtained by the inverse scattering method.",
        "positive": "Classical Goldstone modes in Long-Range Interacting Systems: For a classical system with long-range interactions, a soft mode exists\nwhenever a stationary state spontaneously breaks a continuous symmetry of the\nHamiltonian. Besides that, if the corresponding coordinate associated to the\nsymmetry breaking is periodic, the same energy of the different stationary\nstates and finite $N$ thermal fluctuations result in a superdiffusive motion of\nthe center of mass for total zero momentum, that tends to a normal diffusion\nfor very long-times. As examples of this, we provide a two-dimensional\nself-gravitating system, a free electron laser and the Hamiltonian Mean-Field\n(HMF) model. For the latter, a detailed theory for the motion of the center of\nmass is given. We also discuss how the coupling of the soft mode to the\nmean-field motion of individual particles may lead to strong chaotic behavior\nfor a finite particle number, as illustrated by the HMF model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagram and binding energy of interacting Bose gases: From the many-body T-matrix the condition for a medium-dependent bound state\nand its binding energy is derived for a homogeneous interacting Bose gas. This\ncondition provides the critical line in the phase diagram in terms of the\nmedium-dependent scattering length. Separating the Bose pole from the\ndistribution function the influence of a Bose condensate is discussed and a\nthermal minimum of the critical scattering length is found.",
        "positive": "Exact and Approximate Mean First Passage Times on Trees and other\n  Necklace Structures: a Local Equilibrium Approach: In this work we propose a novel method to calculate mean first-passage times\n(MFPTs) for random walks on graphs, based on a dimensionality reduction\ntechnique for Markov State Models, known as local-equilibrium (LE). We show\nthat for a broad class of graphs, which includes trees, LE coarse-graining\npreserves the MFPTs between certain nodes, upon making a suitable choice of the\ncoarse-grained states (or clusters). We prove that this relation is exact for\ngraphs that can be coarse-grained into a one-dimensional lattice where each\ncluster connects to the lattice only through a single node of the original\ngraph. A side result of the proof generalises the well-known essential edge\nlemma (EEL), which is valid for reversible random walks, to irreversible\nwalkers. Such a generalised EEL leads to explicit formulae for the MFPTs\nbetween certain nodes in this class of graphs. For graphs that do not fall in\nthis class, the generalised EEL provides useful approximations if the graph\nallows a one-dimensional coarse-grained representation and the clusters are\nsparsely interconnected.\n  We first demonstrate our method for the simple random walk on the $c$-ary\ntree, then we consider other graph structures and more general random walks,\nincluding irreversible random walks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic paths controlling speed and dissipation: Near equilibrium, thermodynamic intuition suggests that fast, irreversible\nprocesses will dissipate more energy and entropy than slow, quasistatic\nprocesses connecting the same initial and final states. Here, we test the\nhypothesis that this relationship between speed and dissipation holds for\nstochastic processes far from equilibrium. To analyze these processes on finite\ntimescales, we derive an exact expression for the path probabilities of\ncontinuous-time Markov chains from the path summation solution of the master\nequation. Applying this formula to a model for nonequilibrium self-assembly, we\nshow that more speed can lead to less dissipation when there are strong\nnonequilibrium currents. In the model, the relative energies of the initial and\ntarget states control the speed, and the nonequilibrium currents of a cycle\nsituated between these states control the path-level dissipation. This model\nserves as a minimal prototype for designing kinetics to sculpt the\nnonequilibrium path space, so that faster structure-forming paths dissipate\nless.",
        "positive": "Shape-Dependent Thermodynamics and Non-Local Hydrodynamics in a\n  Non-Gibbsian Steady-State of a Drift-Diffusion System: Shape-dependent thermodynamics and non-local hydrodynamics are argued to\noccur in dissipative steady states of driven diffusive systems. These\npredictions are confirmed by numerical simulations. Unlike power-law\ncorrelations, these phenomena cannot be explained by a hypothesis of\n``criticality''. Instead, they require the effective Hamiltonian of the system\nto contain very long-range potentials, making the invariant probability\nmeasures formally ``non-Gibbsian''."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inviscid limit of the active interface equations: We present a detailed solution of the active interface equations in the\ninviscid limit. The active interface equations were previously introduced as a\ntoy model of membrane-protein systems: they describe a stochastic interface\nwhere growth is stimulated by inclusions which themselves move on the\ninterface. In the inviscid limit, the equations reduce to a pair of coupled\nconservation laws. After discussing how the inviscid limit is obtained, we turn\nto the corresponding Riemann problem: the solution of the set of conservation\nlaws with discontinuous initial condition. In particular, by considering two\nphysically meaningful initial conditions, a giant trough and a giant peak in\nthe interface, we elucidate the generation of shock waves and rarefaction fans\nin the system. Then, by combining several Riemann problems, we construct an\noscillating solution of the active interface with periodic boundaries\nconditions. The existence of this oscillating state reflects the reciprocal\ncoupling between the two conserved quantities in our system.",
        "positive": "Barkhausen avalanches in anisotropic ferromagnets with $180^\\circ$\n  domain walls: We show that Barkhausen noise in two-dimensional disordered ferromagnets with\nextended domain walls is characterized by the avalanche size exponent $\\tau_s\n=1.54$ at low disorder. With increasing disorder the characteristic domain size\nis reduced relative to the system size due to nucleation of new domains and a\ndynamic phase transition occurs to the scaling behavior with $\\tau_s=1.30$. The\nexponents decrease at finite driving rate. The results agree with recently\nobserved behavior in amorphous Metglas and Fe-Co-B ribbons when the applied\nanisotropic stress is varied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bivalent Kinetics: Insights from Many Body Physics: Bivalency confers several concentration-dependent phenomena, including\navidity, competitive exchange and multi-site competitive exchange. Since these\nconcepts are crucial for a wide variety of topics in cell and molecular\nbiology, their extension, modification and/or re-purposing is also increasingly\nimportant for the design and construction of de-novo synthetic systems at the\nnanoscale. In this context, we draw upon classical techniques of statistical\nphysics to revisit bivalency, highlighting that receptor site geometry offers a\ndesign modality independent of the chemistry of the individual binding\ninterfaces themselves. Recasting the problem in terms of many-body\ncoordination, we explore extended, translationally-invariant chains and\nlattices of receptor sites. This not only brings clarity to behaviours\nassociated with simpler motifs, but also enables us to distil core principles\nfor the rational design of concentration-dependent kinetics in synthetic\nsoft-systems, which centre on the notion of geometric frustration. In doing so,\nwe also reveal the possibility of other tunable spatio-temporal features, such\nas correlation lengths, mean-squared displacements and percolation-like\ntransitions.",
        "positive": "Metastable States in High Order Short-Range Spin Glasses: The mean number <N> of metastable states in higher order short-range spin\nglasses is estimated analytically using a variational method introduced by\nTanaka and Edwards for very large coordination numbers. For lattices with small\nconnectivities, numerical simulations do not show any significant dependence on\nthe relative positions of the interacting spins on the lattice, indicating thus\nthat these systems can be described by a few macroscopic parameters. As an\nextremely anisotropic model we consider the low autocorrelated binary spin\nmodel and we show through numerical simulations that its landscape has an\nexceptionally large number of local optima."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low autocorrelated multi-phase sequences: The interplay between the ground state energy of the generalized Bernasconi\nmodel to multi-phase, and the minimal value of the maximal autocorrelation\nfunction, $C_{max}=\\max_K{|C_K|}$, $K=1,..N-1$, is examined analytically and\nthe main results are: (a) The minimal value of $\\min_N{C_{max}}$ is\n$0.435\\sqrt{N}$ significantly smaller than the typical value for random\nsequences $O(\\sqrt{\\log{N}}\\sqrt{N})$. (b) $\\min_N{C_{max}}$ over all sequences\nof length N is obtained in an energy which is about 30% above the ground-state\nenergy of the generalized Bernasconi model, independent of the number of phases\nm. (c) The maximal merit factor $F_{max}$ grows linearly with m. (d) For a\ngiven N, $\\min_N{C_{max}}\\sim\\sqrt{N/m}$ indicating that for m=N,\n$\\min_N{C_{max}}=1$, i.e. a Barker code exits. The analytical results are\nconfirmed by simulations.",
        "positive": "Evolutionary Dynamics of the World Wide Web: We present a theory for the growth dynamics of the World Wide Web that takes\ninto account the wide range of stochastic growth rates in the number of pages\nper site, as well as the fact that new sites are created at different times.\nThis leads to the prediction of a universal power law in the distribution of\nthe number of pages per site which we confirm experimentally by analyzing data\nfrom large crawls made by the search engines Alexa and Infoseek. The existence\nof this power law not only implies the lack of any length scale for the Web,\nbut also allows one to determine the expected number of sites of any given size\nwithout having to exhaustively crawl the Web."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From classical to quantum and back: Hamiltonian coupling of classical\n  and Path Integral models of atoms: In computer simulations, quantum delocalization of atomic nuclei can be\nmodeled making use of the Path Integral (PI) formulation of quantum statistical\nmechanics. This approach, however, comes with a large computational cost. By\nrestricting the PI modeling to a small region of space, this cost can be\nsignificantly reduced. In the present work we derive a Hamiltonian formulation\nfor a bottom-up, theoretically solid simulation protocol that allows molecules\nto change their resolution from quantum-mechanical to classical and vice versa\non the fly, while freely diffusing across the system. This approach renders\npossible simulations of quantum systems at constant chemical potential. The\nvalidity of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by means of simulations of low\ntemperature parahydrogen. Potential future applications include simulations of\nbiomolecules, membranes, and interfaces.",
        "positive": "A Diagrammatic Kinetic Theory of Density Fluctuations in Simple Liquids\n  in the Overdamped Limit. II. The One-Loop Approximation: A diagrammatic kinetic theory of density fluctuations in simple dense liquids\nat long times, described in the preceding paper, is applied to a high density\nLennard-Jones liquid to calculate various equilibrium time correlation\nfunctions. The calculation starts from the general theory and makes two\napproximations. 1. The general diagrammatic expression for an irreducible\nmemory kernel is approximated using a one-loop approximation. 2. The\ngeneralized Enskog projected propagator, which is required for the calculation,\nis approximated using a simple kinetic model for the hard sphere memory\nfunction. The coherent intermediate scattering function (CISF), the\nlongitudinal current correlation function (LCCF), the transverse current\ncorrelation function (TCCF), the incoherent intermediate scattering function\n(IISF), and the incoherent longitudinal current correlation function (ILCCF)\nare calculated and compared with simulation results for the Lennard-Jones\nliquid at high density. The approximate theoretical results are in good\nagreement with the simulation data for the IISF for all wave vectors studied\nand for the CISF and LCCF for large wave vector. The approximate results are in\npoor agreement with the simulation data for the CISF, LCCF, and TCCF for small\nwave vectors because these functions are strongly affected by hydrodynamic\nfluctuations at small wave vector that are not well described by the simple\nkinetic model used. The possible implications of this approach for the study of\nliquids is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The thermodynamic entropy of a macroscopic quantum system is a\n  continuous function of energy: The proper definition of entropy is fundamental to the relationship between\nstatistical mechanics and thermodynamics. It also plays a major role in the\nrecent debate about the validity of the concept of negative temperature. In\nthis paper, I analyze and calculate the thermodynamic entropy for large, but\nfinite quantum mechanical systems. A special feature of this analysis is that\nthe thermodynamic energy of a quantum system is shown to be a continuous\nvariable, rather than being associated with discrete energy eigenvalues.\nCalculations of the entropy as a function of energy can be carried out with a\nLegendre transform of thermodynamic potentials obtained from a canonical\nensemble. The resultant expressions for the entropy are also able to describe\nequilibrium between quantum systems having incommensurate energy-level\nspacings. This definition of entropy preserves all required thermodynamic\nproperties, including satisfaction of all postulates and laws of\nthermodynamics. It also demonstrates the consistency of the concept of negative\ntemperature with the principles of thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Lecture Notes on the Statistical Mechanics of Disordered Systems: This material complements David Chandler's Introduction to Modern Statistical\nMechanics (Oxford University Press, 1987) in a graduate-level, one-semester\ncourse I teach in the Department of Chemistry at Duke University. Students\nenter this course with some knowledge of statistical thermodynamics and quantum\nmechanics, usually acquired from undergraduate physical chemistry at the level\nof D. A. McQuarrie & J. D. Simon's Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach\n(University Science Books, 1997). These notes, which introduce students to a\nmodern treatment of glassiness and to the replica method, build on the material\nand problems contained in the eight chapters of Chandler's textbook."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Booms and Crashes in Self-Similar Markets: Sharp changes in time series representing market dynamics are studied by\nmeans of the self--similar analysis suggested earlier by the authors. These\nsharp changes are market booms and crashes. Such crises phenomena in markets\nare analogous to critical phenomena in physics. A simple classification of the\nmarket crisis phenomena is given.",
        "positive": "Statistical Mechanics of the Hyper Vertex Cover Problem: We introduce and study a new optimization problem called Hyper Vertex Cover.\nThis problem is a generalization of the standard vertex cover to hypergraphs:\none seeks a configuration of particles with minimal density such that every\nhyperedge of the hypergraph contains at least one particle. It can also be used\nin important practical tasks, such as the Group Testing procedures where one\nwants to detect defective items in a large group by pool testing. Using a\nStatistical Mechanics approach based on the cavity method, we study the phase\ndiagram of the HVC problem, in the case of random regualr hypergraphs.\nDepending on the values of the variables and tests degrees different situations\ncan occur: The HVC problem can be either in a replica symmetric phase, or in a\none-step replica symmetry breaking one. In these two cases, we give explicit\nresults on the minimal density of particles, and the structure of the phase\nspace. These problems are thus in some sense simpler than the original vertex\ncover problem, where the need for a full replica symmetry breaking has\nprevented the derivation of exact results so far. Finally, we show that\ndecimation procedures based on the belief propagation and the survey\npropagation algorithms provide very efficient strategies to solve large\nindividual instances of the hyper vertex cover problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical analysis of the Minimal and Two-Liquid models of the Market\n  Microstructure: We present results of numerical analysis of several simple models for the\nmicrostructure of a double auction market without intermediaries which were\nintroduced in cond-mat/9808240. We perform computer simulations of the minimal\nmodel in order to verify liquidity scaling laws. A logarithmic correction to\nthe scaling law for midmarket variance is observed, but not for bid-offer\nspread or its fluctuation, because they are fundamentally different quantities.\n  Time to midmarket sale ($\\tau_S$) is found to scale as 1/J while its\nfluctuation goes as $0.73/J$. A ``reduced'' time ($\\tau_{reduced}$) is also\nstudied, and found to scale in a non-trivial way. Asymmetric fluxes are\nintroduced to the minimal model and analytical result derived earlier for the\nspeed of the moving midmarket agrees with numerical results. Simulation of the\ntwo-liquid model which describes a market with both market order and limit\norder traders, reveals widening of the bid-offer spread when the flux of market\norder traders exceeds that of limit order traders. The variation of the spread\nwith the fraction of market-order traders is investigated. The formula for\nasymmetric fluxes is applied to the two-liquid model and its predictions are\nfound to agree with experiment. The critical point is approximately determined,\nand the ratio of the midmarkets for $f = 0.0$ and $f = 0.5$ (where $f$ is the\nfraction of market-order traders) is calculated.",
        "positive": "An ergodic process of zero divergence-distance from its time-reversed\n  process: An ergodic process $P$ is constructed such that the divergence-rate $D(P ||\nP^*)$ is zero, yet $P$ is not equal to its time-reversed process $P^*$. The\nprocess $P$ is constructed as a special realization of the universal coding\nfound by Xu. This result shows that there exist time-asymmetric processes that\nare indistinguishable under time-reversal and that can, in principle, be\ngenerated with zero dissipation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scale Invariance and Lack of Self-Averaging in Fragmentation: We derive exact statistical properties of a class of recursive fragmentation\nprocesses. We show that introducing a fragmentation probability 0<p<1 leads to\na purely algebraic size distribution in one dimension, P(x) ~ x^{-2p}. In d\ndimensions, the volume distribution diverges algebraically in the small\nfragment limit, P(V)\\sim V^{-\\gamma} with \\gamma=2p^{1/d}. Hence, the entire\nrange of exponents allowed by mass conservation is realized. We demonstrate\nthat this fragmentation process is non-self-averaging. Specifically, the\nmoments Y_\\alpha=\\sum_i x_i^{\\alpha} exhibit significant fluctuations even in\nthe thermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "Thermalization and Quantum Correlations in Exactly Solvable Models: The generalized Gibbs ensemble introduced for describing few body\ncorrelations in exactly solvable systems following a quantum quench is related\nto the nonergodic way in which operators sample, in the limit of infinite time\nafter the quench, the quantum correlations present in the initial state. The\nnonergodicity of the correlations is thus shown \\emph{analytically} to imply\nthe equivalence with the generalized Gibbs ensemble for quantum Ising and\n  XX spin chains as well as for the Luttinger model the thermodynamic limit,\nand for a broad class of initial states and correlation functions of both local\nand nonlocal operators."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On determining absolute entropy without quantum theory or the Third Law\n  of thermodynamics: We employ classical thermodynamics to gain information about absolute\nentropy, without recourse to statistical methods, quantum mechanics or the\nThird Law of thermodynamics. The Gibbs-Duhem equation yields various simple\nmethods to determine the absolute entropy of a fluid. We also study the entropy\nof an ideal gas and the ionization of a plasma in thermal equilibrium. A single\nmeasurement of the degree of ionization can be used to determine an unknown\nconstant in the entropy equation, and thus determine the absolute entropy of a\ngas. It follows from all these examples that the value of entropy at absolute\nzero temperature does not need to be assigned by postulate, but can be deduced\nempirically.",
        "positive": "Addendum on rotational properties of confined bosons: time-inversion\n  referencing: In this addendum we introduce the concept of time-inversion referencing. This\nis an extension of hypertext allowing authors to cite papers that where not yet\npublished (or even not yet written) when they publish a manuscript. We are\nconvinced that this concept will prove very useful especially when adjustments\nto the so-called intellectual property rights have to be made. We apply the\nconcept to our paper on rotational properties of trapped bosons."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Equivalence of Dissipation from Gibbs' Entropy Production with\n  Phase-Volume Loss in Ergodic Heat-Conducting Oscillators: Gibbs' thermodynamic entropy is given by the logarithm of the phase volume,\nwhich itself responds to heat transfer to and from thermal reservoirs. We\ncompare the thermodynamic dissipation described by phase-volume loss with\nheat-transfer entropy production. Their equivalence is documented for computer\nsimulations of the response of an ergodic harmonic oscillator to thermostated\ntemperature gradients. In the simulations one or two thermostat variables\ncontrol the kinetic energy or the kinetic energy and its fluctuation. All of\nthe motion equations are time-reversible. We consider both strong and weak\ncontrol variables. In every case the time-averaged dissipative loss of\nphase-space volume coincides with the entropy produced by heat transfer. Linear\nresponse theory nicely reproduces the small-gradient results obtained by\ncomputer simulation. The thermostats considered here are ergodic and provide\nsimple dynamical models, some of them with as few as three ordinary\ndifferential equations, while remaining capable of reproducing Gibbs' canonical\nphase-space distribution and precisely consistent with irreversible\nthermodynamics.",
        "positive": "The role of FCC tetrahedral subunits in the phase behavior of medium\n  sized Lennard-Jones clusters: The free energy of a 600-atom Lennard-Jones cluster is calculated as a\nfunction of surface and bulk crystallinity in order to study the structural\ntransformations that occur in the core of medium sized clusters. Within the\norder parameter range studied, we find the existence of two free energy minima\nat temperatures near freezing. One minimum, at low values of both bulk and\nsurface order, belongs to the liquid phase. The second minimum exhibits a\nhighly ordered core with a disordered surface and is related to structures\ncontaining a single FCC-tetrahedral subunit, with an edge length of seven atoms\n(l=7), located in the particle core. At lower temperatures, a third minimum\nappears at intermediate values of the bulk order parameter which is shown to be\nrelated to the formation of multiple l=6 tetrahedra in the core of the cluster.\nWe also use molecular dynamics simulations to follow a series of nucleation\nevents and find that the clusters freeze to structures containing l=5,6,7 and 8\nsized tetrahedra as well as those containing no tetrahedral units. The\nstructural correlations between bulk and surface order with the size of the\ntetrahedral units in the cluster core are examined. Finally, the relationships\nbetween the formation of FCC tetrahedral subunits in the core, the phase\nbehavior of medium sized clusters and the nucleation of noncrystalline global\nstructures such as icosahedra and decahedra are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-Size Scaling of the Domain Wall Entropy Distributions for the 2D\n  $\\pm J$ Ising Spin Glass: The statistics of domain walls for ground states of the 2D Ising spin glass\nwith +1 and -1 bonds are studied for $L \\times L$ square lattices with $L \\le\n48$, and $p$ = 0.5, where $p$ is the fraction of negative bonds, using periodic\nand/or antiperiodic boundary conditions. When $L$ is even, almost all domain\nwalls have energy $E_{dw}$ = 0 or 4. When $L$ is odd, most domain walls have\n$E_{dw}$ = 2. The probability distribution of the entropy, $S_{dw}$, is found\nto depend strongly on $E_{dw}$. When $E_{dw} = 0$, the probability distribution\nof $|S_{dw}|$ is approximately exponential. The variance of this distribution\nis proportional to $L$, in agreement with the results of Saul and Kardar. For\n$E_{dw} = k > 0$ the distribution of $S_{dw}$ is not symmetric about zero. In\nthese cases the variance still appears to be linear in $L$, but the average of\n$S_{dw}$ grows faster than $\\sqrt{L}$. This suggests a one-parameter scaling\nform for the $L$-dependence of the distributions of $S_{dw}$ for $k > 0$.",
        "positive": "Generalized diffusion equation: Modern analyses of diffusion processes have proposed nonlinear versions of\nthe Fokker-Planck equation to account for non-classical diffusion. These\nnonlinear equations are usually constructed on a phenomenological basis. Here\nwe introduce a nonlinear transformation by defining the $q$-generating function\nwhich, when applied to the intermediate scattering function of classical\nstatistical mechanics, yields, in a mathematically systematic derivation, a\ngeneralized form of the advection-diffusion equation in Fourier space. Its\nsolutions are discussed and suggest that the $q$-generating function approach\nshould be a useful tool to generalize classical diffusive transport\nformulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization of oscillators with long range power law interactions: We present analytical calculations and numerical simulations for the\nsynchronization of oscillators interacting via a long range power law\ninteraction on a one dimensional lattice. We have identified the critical value\nof the power law exponent $\\alpha_c$ across which a transition from a\nsynchronized to an unsynchronized state takes place for a sufficiently strong\nbut finite coupling strength in the large system limit. We find $\\alpha_c=3/2$.\nFrequency entrainment and phase ordering are discussed as a function of $\\alpha\n\\geq 1$. The calculations are performed using an expansion about the aligned\nphase state (spin-wave approximation) and a coarse graining approach. We also\ngeneralize the spin-wave results to the {\\it d}-dimensional problem.",
        "positive": "Irreversibility in dynamical phases and transitions: Living and non-living active matter consumes energy at the microscopic scale\nto drive emergent, macroscopic behavior including traveling waves and coherent\noscillations. Recent work has characterized non-equilibrium systems by their\ntotal energy dissipation, but little has been said about how dissipation\nmanifests in distinct spatiotemporal patterns. We introduce a novel measure of\nirreversibility we term the entropy production factor (EPF) to quantify how\ntime reversal symmetry is broken in field theories across scales. We use the\nEPF to characterize a dynamical phase transition in simulations of the\nBrusselator, a prototypical biochemically motivated non-linear oscillator. The\nEPF quantifies the distribution of irreversibility across spatiotemporal\nfrequencies as the Brusselator transitions from local to global coherent\noscillations, bounding the energetic cost to establish spatially synchronized\nbiochemical oscillations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-diffusion in granular gases: The coefficient of self-diffusion for a homogeneously cooling granular gas\nchanges significantly if the impact-velocity dependence of the restitution\ncoefficient $\\epsilon$ is taken into account. For the case of a constant\n$\\epsilon$ the particles spread logarithmically slow with time, whereas the\nvelocity dependent coefficient yields a power law time-dependence. The impact\nof the difference in these time dependences on the properties of a freely\ncooling granular gas is discussed.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in electron spin resonance under continuous microwave\n  driving: We study an ensemble of strongly coupled electrons under continuous microwave\nirradiation interacting with a dissipative environment, a problem of relevance\nto the creation of highly polarized non-equilibrium states in nuclear magnetic\nresonance. We analyse the stationary states of the dynamics, described within a\nLindblad master equation framework, at the mean-field approximation level. This\napproach allows us to identify steady state phase transitions between phases of\nhigh and low polarization controlled by the distribution of electronic\ninteractions. We compare the mean-field predictions to numerically exact\nsimulations of small systems and find good agreement. Our study highlights the\npossibility of observing collective phenomena, such as metastable states, phase\ntransitions and critical behaviour in appropriately designed paramagnetic\nsystems. These phenomena occur in a low-temperature regime which is not\ntheoretically tractable by conventional methods, e.g., the spin-temperature\napproach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distinct Critical Behaviors from the Same State in Quantum Spin and\n  Population Dynamics Perspectives: There is a deep connection between the ground states of transverse-field spin\nsystems and the late-time distributions of evolving viral populations -- within\nsimple models, both are obtained from the principal eigenvector of the same\nmatrix. However, that vector is the wavefunction amplitude in the quantum spin\nmodel, whereas it is the probability itself in the population model. We show\nthat this seemingly minor difference has significant consequences: phase\ntransitions which are discontinuous in the spin system become continuous when\nviewed through the population perspective, and transitions which are continuous\nbecome governed by new critical exponents. We introduce a more general class of\nmodels which encompasses both cases, and that can be solved exactly in a\nmean-field limit. Numerical results are also presented for a number of\none-dimensional chains with power-law interactions. We see that well-worn spin\nmodels of quantum statistical mechanics can contain unexpected new physics and\ninsights when treated as population-dynamical models and beyond, motivating\nfurther studies.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of DNA-breathing: Weak noise analysis, finite time singularity,\n  and mapping onto the quantum Coulomb problem: We study the dynamics of denaturation bubbles in double-stranded DNA on the\nbasis of the Poland-Scheraga model. We show that long time distributions for\nthe survival of DNA bubbles and the size autocorrelation function can be\nderived from an asymptotic weak noise approach. In particular, below the\nmelting temperature the bubble closure corresponds to a noisy finite time\nsingularity. We demonstrate that the associated Fokker-Planck equation is\nequivalent to a quantum Coulomb problem. Below the melting temperature the\nbubble lifetime is associated with the continuum of scattering states of the\nrepulsive Coulomb potential; at the melting temperature the Coulomb potential\nvanishes and the underlying first exit dynamics exhibits a long time power law\ntail; above the melting temperature, corresponding to an attractive Coulomb\npotential, the long time dynamics is controlled by the lowest bound state.\nCorrelations and finite size effects are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium and irreversibility: The booklet contain an overview on selected recent developments in\nnonequilibrium statistical mechanics and chaos theory: SRB distributions,\nchaotic hypothesis, fluctuation theorem, proposals for tests and applications\nto granular materials, fluidodynamics, irreversibility of quasi static\nprocesses. In appendices examples of the kind of technical work necessary for\nactual construction of nonequilibrium stationary states.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in ferro-antiferromagnetic bilayers with a stepped\n  interface: We have studied magnetic ordering in ferro/antiferromagnetic (F/AF) bilayers\nusing Monte Carlo simulations of classical Heisenberg spins. For both flat and\nstepped interfaces we observed order in the AF above the Neel temperature, with\nthe AF spins aligning collinearly with the F moments. In the case of the\nstepped interface there is a transition from collinear to perpendicular\nalignment of the F and AF spins at a lower temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nature of the collapse transition in interacting self-avoiding trails: We study the interacting self-avoiding trail (ISAT) model on a Bethe lattice\nof general coordination $q$ and on a Husimi lattice built with squares and\ncoordination $q=4$. The exact grand-canonical solutions of the model are\nobtained, considering that up to $K$ monomers can be placed on a site and\nassociating a weight $\\omega_i$ for a $i$-fold visited site. Very rich phase\ndiagrams are found with non-polymerized (NP), regular polymerized (P) and dense\npolymerized (DP) phases separated by lines (or surfaces) of continuous and\ndiscontinuous transitions. For Bethe lattice with $q=4$ and $K=2$, the collapse\ntransition is identified with a bicritical point and the collapsed phase is\nassociated to the dense polymerized phase (solid-like) instead of the regular\npolymerized phase (liquid-like). A similar result is found for the Husimi\nlattice, which may explain the difference between the collapse transition for\nISAT's and for interacting self-avoiding walks on the square lattice. For $q=6$\nand $K=3$ (studied on the Bethe lattice only), a more complex phase diagram is\nfound, with two critical planes and two coexistence surfaces, separated by two\ntricritical and two critical end-point lines meeting at a multicritical point.\nThe mapping of the phase diagrams in the canonical ensemble is discussed and\ncompared with simulational results for regular lattices.",
        "positive": "The Boltzmann equation and equilibrium thermodynamics in\n  Lorentz-violating theories: In this work we adapt the foundations of relativistic kinetic theory and the\nBoltzmann equation to particles with Lorentz-violating dispersion relations.\nThe latter are taken to be those associated to two commonly considered sets of\ncoefficients in the minimal Standard-Model Extension. We treat both the cases\nof classical (Maxwell-Boltzmann) and quantum (Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein)\nstatistics. It is shown that with the appropriate definition of the entropy\ncurrent, Boltzmann's H-theorem continues to hold. We derive the equilibrium\nsolutions and then identify the Lorentz-violating effects for various\nthermodynamic variables, as well as for Bose-Einstein condensation. Finally, a\nscenario with non-elastic collisions between multiple species of particles\ncorresponding to chemical or nuclear reactions is considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Calculation of The Critical Temperature for Anisotropic Two-Layer Ising\n  Model Using The Transfer Matrix Method: A new finite-size scaling approach based on the transfer matrix method is\ndeveloped to calculate the critical temperature of anisotropic two-layer Ising\nferromagnet, on strips of r wide sites of square lattices. The reduced internal\nenergy per site has been accurately calculated for the ferromagnetic case, with\nthe nearest neighbor couplings Kx, Ky (where Kx and Ky are the nearest neighbor\ninteractions within each layer in the x and y directions, respectively) and\nwith inter-layer coupling Kz, using different size-limited lattices. The\ncalculated energies for different lattice sizes intersect at various points\nwhen plotted versus the reduced temperature. It is found that the location of\nthe intersection point versus the lattice size can be fitted on a power series\nin terms of the lattice sizes. The power series is used to obtain the critical\ntemperature of the unlimited two-layer lattice. The results obtained, are in\ngood agreement with the accurate values reported by others.",
        "positive": "Entanglement in composite free-fermion systems: We consider fermionic chains where the two halves are either metals with\ndifferent bandwidths or a metal and an insulator. Both are coupled together by\na special bond. We study the ground-state entanglement entropy between the two\npieces, its dependence on the parameters and its asymptotic form. We also\ndiscuss the features of the entanglement Hamiltonians in both subsystems and\nthe evolution of the entanglement entropy after joining the two parts of the\nsystem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self--organized criticality due to a separation of energy scales: Certain systems with slow driving and avalanche-like dissipation events are\nnaturally close to a critical point when the ratio of two energy scales is\nlarge. The first energy scale is the threshold above which an avalanche is\ntriggered, the second scale is the threshold above which a site is affected by\nan avalanche. I present results of computer simulations, and a mean-field\ntheory.",
        "positive": "Conjectures on Hidden Onsager Algebra Symmetries in Interacting Quantum\n  Lattice Models: We conjecture the existence of hidden Onsager algebra symmetries in two\ninteracting quantum integrable lattice models, i.e. spin-1/2 XXZ model and\nspin-1 Zamolodchikov-Fateev model at arbitrary root of unity values of the\nanisotropy. The conjectures relate the Onsager generators to the conserved\ncharges obtained from semi-cyclic transfer matrices. The conjectures are\nmotivated by two examples which are spin-1/2 XX model and spin-1 U(1)-invariant\nclock model. A novel construction of the semi-cyclic transfer matrices of\nspin-1 Zamolodchikov-Fateev model at arbitrary root of unity value of the\nanisotropy is carried out via transfer matrix fusion procedure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "T_c for homogeneous dilute Bose gases: a second-order result: The transition temperature for a dilute, homogeneous, three-dimensional Bose\ngas has the expansion T_c = T_0 {1 + c_1 a n^(1/3) + [c_2' ln(a n^(1/3)) +\nc_2''] a^2 n^(2/3) + O(a^3 n)}, where a is the scattering length, n the number\ndensity, and T_0 the ideal gas result. The first-order coefficient c_1 depends\non non-perturbative physics. In this paper, we show that the coefficient c_2'\ncan be computed perturbatively. We also show that the remaining second-order\ncoefficient c_2'' depends on non-perturbative physics but can be related, by a\nperturbative calculation, to quantities that have previously been measured\nusing lattice simulations of three-dimensional O(2) scalar field theory. Making\nuse of those simulation results, we find T_c = T_0 {1 + (1.32+-0.02) a n^(1/3)\n+ [19.7518 ln(a n^(1/3)) + (75.7+-0.4)] a^2 n^(2/3) + O(a^3 n)}.",
        "positive": "Many-body energy localization transition in periodically driven systems: According to the second law of thermodynamics the total entropy of a system\nis increased during almost any dynamical process. The positivity of the\nspecific heat implies that the entropy increase is associated with heating.\nThis is generally true both at the single particle level, like in the Fermi\nacceleration mechanism of charged particles reflected by magnetic mirrors, and\nfor complex systems in everyday devices. Notable exceptions are known in\nnoninteracting systems of particles moving in periodic potentials. Here the\nphenomenon of dynamical localization can prevent heating beyond certain\nthreshold. The dynamical localization is known to occur both at classical\n(Fermi-Ulam model) and at quantum levels (kicked rotor). However, it was\nbelieved that driven ergodic systems will always heat without bound. Here, on\nthe contrary, we report strong evidence of dynamical localization transition in\nperiodically driven ergodic systems in the thermodynamic limit. This phenomenon\nis reminiscent of many-body localization in energy space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Measure of Entropy, Mathai's Distributional Pathway Model,\n  and Tsallis Statistics: The pathway model of Mathai (2005) mainly deals with the rectangular\nmatrix-variate case. In this paper the scalar version is shown to be associated\nwith a large number of probability models used in physics. Different families\nof densities are listed here, which are all connected through the pathway\nparameter 'alpha', generating a distributional pathway. The idea is to switch\nfrom one functional form to another through this parameter and it is shown that\nbasically one can proceed from the generalized type-1 beta family to\ngeneralized type-2 beta family to generalized gamma family when the real\nvariable is positive and a wider set of families when the variable can take\nnegative values also. For simplicity, only the real scalar case is discussed\nhere but corresponding families are available when the variable is in the\ncomplex domain. A large number of densities used in physics are shown to be\nspecial cases of or associated with the pathway model. It is also shown that\nthe pathway model is available by maximizing a generalized measure of entropy,\nleading to an entropic pathway. Particular cases of the pathway model are shown\nto cover Tsallis statistics (Tsallis, 1988) and the superstatistics introduced\nby Beck and Cohen (2003).",
        "positive": "Anticipating Collisions, Navigating in Complex Environments, Elbowing,\n  Pushing, and Smartphone-Walking: A Versatile Agent-Based Model for Pedestrian\n  Dynamics: Compared to other self-propelled particles, pedestrians are able to\nanticipate, which gives them an edge in avoiding collisions and navigating in\ncluttered spaces. These capabilities are impaired by digital distraction\nthrough smartphones, a growing safety concern. To capture these features, we\nput forward a continuous agent-based model (dubbed ANDA) hinging on a\ntransparent delineation of a decision-making process and a mechanical layer\nthat handles contacts and collisions. In the decisional layer, each agent\nautonomously selects their desired velocity as the optimum of a perceived cost,\nnotably balancing the will to move forward (described by a floor field) with\nthe bio-mechanical cost of walking and the risk of collision, assessed by an\nanticipated time-to-collision. Altogether, the model includes less than a dozen\nparameters, most of which are fit using independent experimental data.\nNumerical simulations demonstrate the versatility of the approach, which\nsucceeds in reproducing empirical observations in extremely diverse scenarios,\noften quantitatively, with a single set of parameters. These scenarios range\nfrom collision avoidance involving one, two, or more agents to collective flow\nproperties in unidirectional and bidirectional settings and to the dynamics of\nevacuation through a bottleneck, where contact forces are directly accessible.\nRemarkably, a straightforward transcription of digital distraction into the\nmodel, by reducing the frequency of decisional updates, suffices to replicate\nthe enhanced chaoticity of the flow, with more frequent sudden turns, observed\nexperimentally when 'smartphone-walking' pedestrians are brought in. Finally,\nthe conceptual transparency of the model makes it easy to pinpoint the origin\nof some deficiencies, notably its shortsighted account of anticipation (when\nagents have to cross a group of people) and the disk-like pedestrian shape\n(when very dense crowds are considered). Our work thus clarifies the singular\nposition of pedestrian crowds in the midst of active-matter systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimizing transport efficiency on scale-free networks through\n  assortative or dissortative topology: We find that transport on scale-free random networks depends strongly on\ndegree-correlated network topologies whereas transport on\nErd$\\ddot{o}$s-R$\\acute{e}$nyi networks is insensitive to the degree\ncorrelation. An approach for the tuning of scale-free network transport\nefficiency through assortative or dissortative topology is proposed. We\nelucidate that the unique transport behavior for scale-free networks results\nfrom the heterogeneous distribution of degrees.",
        "positive": "Stoke's efficiency of temporally rocked ratchets: We study the generalized efficiency of an adiabatically rocked ratchet with\nboth spatial and temporal asymmetry. We obtain an analytical expression for the\ngeneralized efficiency in the deterministic case. Generalized efficiency of the\norder of 50% is obtained by fine tuning of the parameter range. This is unlike\nthe case of thermodynamic efficiency where we could readily get an enhanced\nefficiency of upto 90%. The observed higher values of generalized efficiency is\nattributed to be due to the suppression of backward current. We have also\ndiscussed briefly the differences between thermodynamic, rectification or\ngeneralized efficiency and Stoke's efficiency. Temperature is found to optimize\nthe generalized efficiency over a wide range of parameter space unlike in the\ncase of thermodynamic efficiency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of a model of a vesicle attached to a wall subject to\n  mechanical deformation: Area-weighted Dyck-paths are a two-dimensional model for vesicles attached to\na wall. We model the mechanical response of a vesicle to a pulling force by\nextending this model.\n  We obtain an exact solution using two different approaches, leading to a\nq-deformation of an algebraic functional equation, and a q-deformation of a\nlinear functional equation with a catalytic variable, respectively. While the\nnon-deformed linear functional equation is solved by substitution of special\nvalues of the catalytic variable (the so-called \"kernel method\"), the\nq-deformed case is solved by iterative substitution of the catalytic variable.\n  Our model shows a non-trivial phase transition when a pulling force is\napplied. As soon as the area is weighted with non-unity weight, this transition\nvanishes.",
        "positive": "Power countings versus physical scalings in disordered elastic systems -\n  Case study of the one-dimensional interface: We study the scaling properties of a one-dimensional interface at\nequilibrium, at finite temperature and in a disordered environment with a\nfinite disorder correlation length. We focus our approach on the scalings of\nits geometrical fluctuations as a function of its length. At large\nlengthscales, the roughness of the interface, defined as the variance of its\nendpoint fluctuations, follows a power-law behaviour whose exponent\ncharacterises its superdiffusive behaviour. In 1+1 dimensions, the roughness\nexponent is known to be the characteristic 2/3 exponent of the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class. An important feature of the model\ndescription is that its Flory exponent, obtained by a power counting argument\non its Hamiltonian, is equal to 3/5 and thus does not yield the correct KPZ\nroughness exponent. In this work, we review the available power-counting\noptions, and relate the physical validity of the exponent values that they\npredict, to the existence (or not) of well-defined optimal trajectories in a\nlarge-size or low-temperature asymptotics. We identify the crucial role of the\n'cut-off' lengths of the problem (the disorder correlation length and the\nsystem size), which one has to carefully follow throughout the scaling\nanalysis. To complement the latter, we device a novel Gaussian Variational\nMethod (GVM) scheme to compute the roughness, taking into account the effect of\na large but finite interface length. Interestingly, such a procedure yields the\ncorrect KPZ roughness exponent, instead of the Flory exponent usually obtained\nthrough the GVM approach for an infinite interface. We explain the physical\norigin of this improvement of the GVM procedure and discuss possible extensions\nof this work to other disordered systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous energy losses in fractal medium: We derive equation describing distribution of energy losses of the particle\npropagating in fractal medium with quenched and dynamic heterogeneities. We\nshow that in the case of the medium with fractal dimension $2<D<3$ the losses\nof energy are described by the Mittag-Leffler renewal process. The average\nenergy loss of the particle experiences anomalous drift $\\Delta\\sim x^{\\alpha}$\nwith power-law dependence on the distance $x$ from the surface and exponent\n$\\alpha=D-2$.",
        "positive": "Universal scaling and criticality of extremes in random matrix theory: We present a random-matrix realization of a two-dimensional percolation model\nwith the occupation probability $p$. We find that the behavior of the model is\ngoverned by the two first extreme eigenvalues. While the second extreme\neigenvalue resides on the moving edge of the semicircle bulk distribution with\nan additional semicircle functionality on $p$, the first extreme exhibits a\ndisjoint isolated Gaussian statistics which is responsible for the emergence of\na rich finite-size scaling and criticality. Our extensive numerical simulations\nalong with analytical arguments unravel the power-law divergences due to the\ncoalescence of the first two extreme eigenvalues in the thermodynamic limit. We\ndevelop a scaling law that provides a universal framework in terms of a set of\nscaling exponents uncovering the full finite-size scaling behavior of the\nextreme eigenvalue's fluctuation. Our study may provide a simple practical\napproach to capture the criticality in complex systems and their inverse\nproblems with a possible extension to the interacting systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Putative Liquid-Liquid Transition is a Liquid-Solid Transition in\n  Atomistic Models of Water: We use numerical simulation to examine the possibility of a reversible\nliquid-liquid transition in supercooled water and related systems. In\nparticular, for two atomistic models of water, we have computed free energies\nas functions of multiple order parameters, where one is density and another\ndistinguishes crystal from liquid. For a range of temperatures and pressures,\nseparate free energy basins for liquid and crystal are found, conditions of\nphase coexistence between these phases are demonstrated, and time scales for\nequilibration are determined. We find that at no range of temperatures and\npressures is there more than a single liquid basin, even at conditions where\namorphous behavior is unstable with respect to the crystal. We find a similar\nresult for a related model of silicon. This result excludes the possibility of\nthe proposed liquid-liquid critical point for the models we have studied.\nFurther, we argue that behaviors others have attributed to a liquid-liquid\ntransition in water and related systems are in fact reflections of transitions\nbetween liquid and crystal.",
        "positive": "Geometric thermodynamics for the Fokker-Planck equation: Stochastic\n  thermodynamic links between information geometry and optimal transport: We propose a geometric theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, namely\ngeometric thermodynamics, using our recent developments of\ndifferential-geometric aspects of entropy production rate in non-equilibrium\nthermodynamics. By revisiting our recent results on geometrical aspects of\nentropy production rate in stochastic thermodynamics for the Fokker-Planck\nequation, we introduce a geometric framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics\nin terms of information geometry and optimal transport theory. We show that the\nproposed geometric framework is useful for obtaining several non-equilibrium\nthermodynamic relations, such as thermodynamic trade-off relations between the\nthermodynamic cost and the fluctuation of the observable, optimal protocols for\nthe minimum thermodynamic cost and the decomposition of the entropy production\nrate for the non-equilibrium system. We clarify several\nstochastic-thermodynamic links between information geometry and optimal\ntransport theory via the excess entropy production rate based on a relation\nbetween the gradient flow expression and information geometry in the space of\nprobability densities and a relation between the velocity field in optimal\ntransport and information geometry in the space of path probability densities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On stochastic differential equations with random delay: We consider stochastic dynamical systems defined by differential equations\nwith a uniform random time delay. The latter equations are shown to be\nequivalent to deterministic higher-order differential equations: for an $n$-th\norder equation with random delay, the corresponding deterministic equation has\norder $n+1$. We analyze various examples of dynamical systems of this kind, and\nfind a number of unusual behaviors. For instance, for the harmonic oscillator\nwith random delay, the energy grows as $\\exp((3/2)\\,t^{2/3})$ in reduced units.\nWe then investigate the effect of introducing a discrete time step $\\epsilon$.\nAt variance with the continuous situation, the discrete random recursion\nrelations thus obtained have intrinsic fluctuations. The crossover between the\nfluctuating discrete problem and the deterministic continuous one as $\\epsilon$\ngoes to zero is studied in detail on the example of a first-order linear\ndifferential equation.",
        "positive": "Collective Motion and Phase Transitions of Symmetric Camphor Boats: The motion of several self-propelled boats in a narrow channel displays\nspontaneous pattern formation and kinetic phase transitions. In contrast with\nprevious studies on self-propelled particles, this model does not require\nstochastic fluctuations and it is experimentally accessible. By varying the\nviscosity in the system, it is possible to form either a stationary state,\ncorrelated or uncorrelated oscillations, or unidirectional flow. Here, we\ndescribe and analyze these self organized patterns and their transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Resonances in a periodically driven bosonic system: Periodically driven systems are a common topic in modern physics. In optical\nlattices specifically, driving is at the origin of many interesting phenomena.\nHowever, energy is not conserved in driven systems, and under periodic driving,\nheating of a system is a real concern. In an effort to better understand this\nphenomenon, the heating of single-band systems has been studied, with a focus\non disorder- and interaction-induced effects, such as many-body localisation.\nNevertheless, driven systems occur in a much wider context than this, leaving\nroom for further research. Here, we fill this gap by studying a non-interacting\nmodel, characterised by discrete, periodically spaced energy levels that are\nunbounded from above. We couple these energy levels resonantly through a\nperiodic drive, and discuss the heating dynamics of this system as a function\nof the driving protocol. In this way, we show that a combination of stimulated\nemission and absorption causes the presence of resonant stable states. This\nwill serve to elucidate the conditions under which resonant driving causes\nheating in quantum systems.",
        "positive": "On the form of prior for constrained thermodynamic processes with\n  uncertainty: We consider the standard thermodynamic processes with constraints, but with\nadditional uncertainty about the control parameters. Motivated by inductive\nreasoning, we assign prior distribution that provides a rational guess about\nlikely values of the uncertain parameters.The priors are derived explicitly for\nboth the entropy conserving and the energy conserving processes. The proposed\nform is useful when the constraint equation cannot be treated analytically. The\ninference is performed using spin-1/2 systems as models for heat reservoirs.\nAnalytical results are derived in the high temperatures limit. Comparisons are\nfound between the estimates of thermal quantities and the optimal values\ndescribed by extremum principles. We also seek a intuitive interpretation of\nthe prior and show that it becomes uniform over the quantity which is conserved\nin the process. We find further points of correspondence between the inference\nbased approach and the thermodynamic framework."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Resolution dependence of most probable pathways with state-dependent\n  diffusivity: Recent experiments have probed the relative likelihoods of trajectories in\nstochastic systems by observing survival probabilities within a tube of radius\n$R$ in spacetime. We measure such probabilities here for a colloidal particle\nin a corrugated channel, corresponding to a bistable potential with\nstate-dependent diffusivity. In contrast to previous findings for\nstate-independent noise, we find that the most probable pathway changes\nqualitatively as the tube radius $R$ is altered. We explain this by computing\nthe survival probabilities predicted by overdamped Langevin dynamics. At high\nenough resolution (small enough $R$), survival probabilities depend solely on\ndiffusivity variations, independent of deterministic forces; finite $R$\ncorrections yield a generalization of the Onsager-Machlup action. As corollary,\nratios of survival probabilities are singular as $R \\to 0$, but become regular,\nand described by the classical Onsager-Machlup action, only in the special case\nof state-independent noise.",
        "positive": "Understanding the enhanced synchronization of delay-coupled networks\n  with fluctuating topology: We study the dynamics of networks with coupling delay, from which the\nconnectivity changes over time. The synchronization properties are shown to\ndepend on the interplay of three time scales: the internal time scale of the\ndynamics, the coupling delay along the network links and time scale at which\nthe topology changes. Concentrating on a linearized model, we develop an\nanalytical theory for the stability of a synchronized solution. In two limit\ncases the system can be reduced to an \"effective\" topology: In the fast\nswitching approximation, when the network fluctuations are much faster than the\ninternal time scale and the coupling delay, the effective network topology is\nthe arithmetic mean over the different topologies. In the slow network limit,\nwhen the network fluctuation time scale is equal to the coupling delay, the\neffective adjacency matrix is the geometric mean over the adjacency matrices of\nthe different topologies. In the intermediate regime the system shows a\nsensitive dependence on the ratio of time scales, and specific topologies,\nreproduced as well by numerical simulations. Our results are shown to describe\nthe synchronization properties of fluctuating networks of delay-coupled chaotic\nmaps."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A numerical method for determining the interface free energy: We propose a general method (based on the Wang-Landau algorithm) to compute\nnumerically free energies that are obtained from the logarithm of the ratio of\nsuitable partition functions. As an application, we determine with high\naccuracy the order-order interface tension of the four-state Potts model in\nthree dimensions on cubic lattices of linear extension up to L=56. The infinite\nvolume interface tension is then extracted at each beta from a fit of the\nfinite volume interface tension to a known universal behavior. A comparison of\nthe order-order and order-disorder interface tension at the critical value of\nbeta provides a clear numerical evidence of perfect wetting.",
        "positive": "Comments on \"Thermally induced rotons in two-dimensional dilute Bose\n  gases\" [arXiv:cond-mat/0503523]: A mistake of the effective interaction between D-dimensional Bose atoms\n[arXiv:cond-mat/0503523] that was published by Physical Review B in 2006 is\ncorrected."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The approach towards equilibrium in a reversible Ising dynamics model --\n  an information-theoretic analysis based on an exact solution: We study the approach towards equilibrium in a dynamic Ising model, the Q2R\ncellular automaton, with microscopic reversibility and conserved energy for an\ninfinite one-dimensional system. Starting from a low-entropy state with\npositive magnetisation, we investigate how the system approaches equilibrium\ncharacteristics given by statistical mechanics. We show that the magnetisation\nconverges to zero exponentially. The reversibility of the dynamics implies that\nthe entropy density of the microstates is conserved in the time evolution.\nStill, it appears as if equilibrium, with a higher entropy density is\napproached. In order to understand this process, we solve the dynamics by\nformally proving how the information-theoretic characteristics of the\nmicrostates develop over time. With this approach we can show that an estimate\nof the entropy density based on finite length statistics within microstates\nconverges to the equilibrium entropy density. The process behind this apparent\nentropy increase is a dissipation of correlation information over increasing\ndistances. It is shown that the average information-theoretic correlation\nlength increases linearly in time, being equivalent to a corresponding increase\nin excess entropy.",
        "positive": "Coefficient of restitution of colliding viscoelastic spheres: We perform a dimension analysis for colliding viscoelastic spheres to show\nthat the coefficient of normal restitution $\\epsilon$ depends on the impact\nvelocity g as \\epsilon=1-\\gamma_1g^{1/5}+\\gamma_2g^{2/5}\\mp..., in accordance\nwith recent findings. We develop a simple theory to find explicit expressions\nfor coefficients \\gamma_1 and \\gamma_2. Using these and few next expansion\ncoefficients for \\epsilon(g) we construct a Pad\\'e-approximation for this\nfunction which may be used for a wide range of impact velocities where the\nconcept of the viscoelastic collision is valid. The obtained expression\nreproduces quite accurately the existing experimental dependence \\epsilon(g)\nfor ice particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Amplification of Molecular Traffic Control in catalytic grains with\n  novel channel topology design: We investigate the conditions for reactivity enhancement of catalytic\nprocesses in porous solids by use of molecular traffic control (MTC). With\ndynamic Monte-Carlo simulations and continuous-time master equation theory\napplied to the high concentration regime we obtain a quantitative description\nof the MTC effect for a network of intersecting single-file channels in a wide\nrange of grain parameters and for optimal external operating conditions.\nImplementing the concept of MTC in models with specially designed alternating\nbimodal channels we find the efficiency ratio (compared with a topologically\nand structurally similar reference system without MTC) to be enhanced with\nincreasing grain diameter, a property verified for the first time for an MTC\nsystem. Even for short intersection channels, MTC leads to a reactivity\nenhancement of up to approximately 65%. This suggests that MTC may\nsignificantly enhance the efficiency of a catalytic process for small as well\nas large porous particles with a suitably chosen binary channel topology.",
        "positive": "Sparse Representations, Inference and Learning: In recent years statistical physics has proven to be a valuable tool to probe\ninto large dimensional inference problems such as the ones occurring in machine\nlearning. Statistical physics provides analytical tools to study fundamental\nlimitations in their solutions and proposes algorithms to solve individual\ninstances. In these notes, based on the lectures by Marc M\\'ezard in 2022 at\nthe summer school in Les Houches, we will present a general framework that can\nbe used in a large variety of problems with weak long-range interactions,\nincluding the compressed sensing problem, or the problem of learning in a\nperceptron. We shall see how these problems can be studied at the replica\nsymmetric level, using developments of the cavity methods, both as a\ntheoretical tool and as an algorithm."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Solution of Semi-Flexible and Super-Flexible Interacting Partially\n  Directed Walks: We provide the exact generating function for semi-flexible and super-flexible\ninteracting partially directed walks and also analyse the solution in detail.\nWe demonstrate that while fully flexible walks have a collapse transition that\nis second order and obeys tricritical scaling, once positive stiffness is\nintroduced the collapse transition becomes first order. This confirms a recent\nconjecture based on numerical results. We note that the addition of an\nhorizontal force in either case does not affect the order of the transition. In\nthe opposite case where stiffness is discouraged by the energy potential\nintroduced, which we denote the super-flexible case, the transition also\nchanges, though more subtly, with the crossover exponent remaining unmoved from\nthe neutral case but the entropic exponents changing.",
        "positive": "Microscopic analysis of Clausius-Duhem processes: Given a thermodynamic process which carries a system from one equilibrium\nstate to another, we construct a quantity whose average, over an ensemble of\nmicroscopic realizations of the process, depends only on these end states, even\nif at intermediate times the system is out of equilibrium. This result: (1) can\nbe used to express the entropy difference between two equilibrium states in\nterms of an irreversible process connecting them, (2) leads to two statistical\nstatements of the Clausius-Duhem inequality, and (3) can be generalized to\nsituations in which the system begins and/or ends in nonequilibrium states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical avalanches of Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible dynamics in\n  finite networks: We investigate the avalanche temporal statistics of the\nSusceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) model when the dynamics is critical and\ntakes place on finite random networks. By considering numerical simulations on\nannealed topologies we show that the survival probability always exhibits three\ndistinct dynamical regimes. Size-dependent crossover timescales separating them\nscale differently for homogeneous and for heterogeneous networks. The\nphenomenology can be qualitatively understood based on known features of the\nSIS dynamics on networks. A fully quantitative approach based on Langevin\ntheory is shown to perfectly reproduce the results for homogeneous networks,\nwhile failing in the heterogeneous case. The analysis is extended to quenched\nrandom networks, which behave in agreement with the annealed case for strongly\nhomogeneous and strongly heterogeneous networks.",
        "positive": "Optimizing a Ratchet Gear: The energetic efficiencies of rocked ratchets reported in the literature\ntypically lie in the sub-percent range. We discuss the problem of optimization\nof the energetic efficiency of a ratchet, and show that considerably higher\nefficiencies can be achieved; however this assumes a fine-tuning of the\nparameters of the system. The domain of parameters corresponding to high\nefficiencies is typically narrow."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From nolinear statistical mechanics to nonlinear quantum mechanics -\n  Concepts and applications: We briefly review a perspective along which the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical\nmechanics, the strongly chaotic dynamical systems, and the Schroedinger,\nKlein-Gordon and Dirac partial differential equations are seen as linear\nphysics, and are characterized by an index q = 1. We exhibit in what sense q\n{\\neq} 1 yields nonlinear physics, which turn out to be quite rich and directly\nrelated to what is nowadays referred to as complexity, or complex systems. We\nfirst discuss a few central points like the distinction between additivity and\nextensivity, and the Central Limit Theorem as well as the large-deviation\ntheory. Then we comment the case of gravitation (which within the present\ncontext corresponds to q {\\neq} 1, and to similar nonlinear approaches), with\nspecial focus onto the entropy of black holes. Finally we briefly focus on\nrecent nonlinear generalizations of the Schroedinger, Klein-Gordon and Dirac\nequations, and mention various illustrative predictions, verifications and\napplications within physics (in both low- and high-energy regimes) as well as\nout of it.",
        "positive": "Scalar Active Mixtures: The Non-Reciprocal Cahn-Hilliard Model: Pair interactions between active particles need not follow Newton's third\nlaw. In this work we propose a continuum model of pattern formation due to\nnon-reciprocal interaction between multiple species of scalar active matter.\nThe classical Cahn-Hilliard model is minimally modified by supplementing the\nequilibrium Ginzburg-Landau dynamics with particle number conserving currents\nwhich cannot be derived from a free energy, reflecting the microscopic\ndeparture from action-reaction symmetry. The strength of the asymmetry in the\ninteraction determines whether the steady state exhibits a macroscopic phase\nseparation or a traveling density wave displaying global polar order. The\nlatter structure, which is equivalent to an active self-propelled smectic\nphase, coarsens via annihilation of defects, whereas the former structure\nundergoes Ostwald ripening. The emergence of traveling density waves, which is\na clear signature of broken time-reversal symmetry in this active system, is a\ngeneric feature of any multi-component mixture with microscopic non-reciprocal\ninteractions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The crossover region between long-range and short-range interactions for\n  the critical exponents: It is well know that systems with an interaction decaying as a power of the\ndistance may have critical exponents that are different from those of\nshort-range systems. The boundary between long-range and short-range is known,\nhowever the behavior in the crossover region is not well understood. In this\npaper we propose a general form for the crossover function and we compute it in\na particular limit. We compare our predictions with the results of numerical\nsimulations for two-dimensional long-range percolation.",
        "positive": "Ground states and thermal states of the random field Ising model: The random field Ising model is studied numerically at both zero and positive\ntemperature. Ground states are mapped out in a region of random and external\nfield strength. Thermal states and thermodynamic properties are obtained for\nall temperatures using the the Wang-Landau algorithm. The specific heat and\nsusceptibility typically display sharp peaks in the critical region for large\nsystems and strong disorder. These sharp peaks result from large domains\nflipping. For a given realization of disorder, ground states and thermal states\nnear the critical line are found to be strongly correlated--a concrete\nmanifestation of the zero temperature fixed point scenario."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heuristic approach to trajectory correlation functions in bounded\n  regions with Lambert scattering walls: The behavior of spins undergoing Lamor precession in the presence of time\nvarying fields is of interest to many research fields. The frequency shifts and\nrelaxation resulting from these fields are related to their power spectrum and\ncan be determined from the Fourier Transform of the auto-correlation functions\nof the time varying field. Using the method of images [C. M. Swank, A. K.\nPetukhov, and R. Golub, Phys. Lett. A 376, 2319 (2012)] calculated the\nposition-position auto-correlation function for particles moving in a\nrectangular cell with specular scattering walls. In this work we present a\nheuristic model that extends this work to the case of Lambert scattering walls.\nThe results of this model are compared to simulation and show good agreement\nfrom the ballistic to diffusive regime of gas collisions, for both square and\ngeneral rectangular cells. This model requires three parameters, two of which\ndescribe the distribution of images in the case of a square cell, and one of\nwhich describes the asymmetry in the mixing of the x and y components of the\nvelocity in the case of non-square rectangular cells.",
        "positive": "Quantum plasticity and dislocation-induced supersolidity: We suggest that below a certain temperature T_k, the free energy for the\ncreation of kinks-antikinks pairs in the dislocation network of solid He4\nbecomes negative. The underlying physical mechanism is the related liberation\nof vacancies which initiate Feynman's permutation cycles in the bulk.\nConsequently, dislocations should wander and sweep an increasingly larger\nvolume at low temperatures. This phenomenon should lead both to a stiffening of\nthe solid below T_k and to the appearance of a non zero superfluid fraction at\na second temperature T_c < T_k."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Disorder and Funneling Effects on Exciton Migration in Tree-Like\n  Dendrimers: The center-bound excitonic diffusion on dendrimers subjected to several types\nof non-homogeneous funneling potentials, is considered. We first study the\nmean-first passage time (MFPT) for diffusion in a linear potential with\ndifferent types of correlated and uncorrelated random perturbations. Increasing\nthe funneling force, there is a transition from a phase in which the MFPT grows\nexponentially with the number of generations $g$, to one in which it does so\nlinearly. Overall the disorder slows down the diffusion, but the effect is much\nmore pronounced in the exponential compared to the linear phase. When the\ndisorder gives rise to uncorrelated random forces there is, in addition, a\ntransition as the temperature $T$ is lowered. This is a transition from a\nhigh-$T$ regime in which all paths contribute to the MFPT to a low-$T$ regime\nin which only a few of them do. We further explore the funneling within a\nrealistic non-linear potential for extended dendrimers in which the dependence\nof the lowest excitonic energy level on the segment length was derived using\nthe Time-Dependent Hatree-Fock approximation. Under this potential the MFPT\ngrows initially linearly with $g$ but crosses-over, beyond a molecular-specific\nand $T$-dependent optimal size, to an exponential increase. Finally we consider\ngeometrical disorder in the form of a small concentration of long connections\nas in the {\\it small world} model. Beyond a critical concentration of\nconnections the MFPT decreases significantly and it changes to a power-law or\nto a logarithmic scaling with $g$, depending on the strength of the funneling\nforce.",
        "positive": "Super slowing down in the bond-diluted Ising model: In models in statistical physics, the dynamics often slows down tremendously\nnear the critical point. Usually, the correlation time $\\tau$ at the critical\npoint increases with system size $L$ in power-law fashion: $\\tau \\sim L^z$,\nwhich defines the critical dynamical exponent $z$. We show that this also holds\nfor the 2D bond-diluted Ising model in the regime $p>p_c$, where $p$ is the\nparameter denoting the bond concentration, but with a dynamical critical\nexponent $z(p)$ which shows a strong $p$-dependence. Moreover, we show\nnumerically that $z(p)$, as obtained from the autocorrelation of the total\nmagnetisation, diverges when the percolation threshold $p_c=1/2$ is approached:\n$z(p)-z(1) \\sim (p-p_c)^{-2}$. We refer to this observed extremely fast\nincrease of the correlation time with size as {\\it super slowing down}.\nIndependent measurement data from the mean-square deviation of the total\nmagnetisation, which exhibits anomalous diffusion at the critical point,\nsupports this result."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiple-q states and skyrmion lattice of the triangular-lattice\n  Heisenberg antiferromagnet under magnetic fields: Ordering of the frustrated classical Heisenberg model on the\ntriangular-lattice with an incommensurate spiral spin structure is studied\nunder magnetic fields by means of a mean-field analysis and a Monte Carlo\nsimulation. Several types of multiple-q states including the \"skyrmion-lattice\"\nstate is observed in addition to the standard single-q state. In contrast to\nthe Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction driven system, the present model allows\nboth skyrmions and anti-skyrmions, together with a new thermodynamic phase\nwhere skyrmion and anti-skyrmion lattices form a domain state.",
        "positive": "Dynamical signatures of quantum chaos and relaxation timescales in a\n  spin-boson system: Quantum systems whose classical counterparts are chaotic typically have\nhighly correlated eigenvalues and level statistics that coincide with those\nfrom ensembles of full random matrices. A dynamical manifestation of these\ncorrelations comes in the form of the so-called correlation hole, which is a\ndip below the saturation point of the survival probability's time evolution. In\nthis work, we study the correlation hole in the spin-boson (Dicke) model, which\npresents a chaotic regime and can be realized in experiments with ultracold\natoms and ion traps. We derive an analytical expression that describes the\nentire evolution of the survival probability and allows us to determine the\ntimescales of its relaxation to equilibrium. This expression shows remarkable\nagreement with our numerical results. While the initial decay and the time to\nreach the minimum of the correlation hole depend on the initial state, the\ndynamics beyond the hole up to equilibration is universal. We find that the\nrelaxation time of the survival probability for the Dicke model increases\nlinearly with system size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Incomplete information and correlated electrons: Although G\\\"odel's incompleteness theorem made mathematician recognize that\nno axiomatic system could completely prove its correctness and that there is an\neternal hole between our knowledge and the world, physicists so far continue to\nwork on the approaches based on the hypothesis to completely or approximately\nknow the systems of interest. In this paper, however, I review the recent\ndevelopment of a different approach, a statistical theory based upon the notion\nof incomplete information. This consideration leads to generalized statistical\nmechanics characterized by an incompleteness parameter which equals unity when\ninformation is complete. The mathematical and physical bases of the information\nincompleteness are discussed. The application of the concomitant incomplete\nquantum distribution to correlated electron systems is reviewed.",
        "positive": "The Predictive Power of Zero Intelligence in Financial Markets: Standard models in economics stress the role of intelligent agents who\nmaximize utility. However, there may be situations where, for some purposes,\nconstraints imposed by market institutions dominate intelligent agent behavior.\nWe use data from the London Stock Exchange to test a simple model in which zero\nintelligence agents place orders to trade at random. The model treats the\nstatistical mechanics of order placement, price formation, and the accumulation\nof revealed supply and demand within the context of the continuous double\nauction, and yields simple laws relating order arrival rates to statistical\nproperties of the market. We test the validity of these laws in explaining the\ncross-sectional variation for eleven stocks. The model explains 96% of the\nvariance of the bid-ask spread, and 76% of the variance of the price diffusion\nrate, with only one free parameter. We also study the market impact function,\ndescribing the response of quoted prices to the arrival of new orders. The\nnon-dimensional coordinates dictated by the model approximately collapse data\nfrom different stocks onto a single curve. This work is important from a\npractical point of view because it demonstrates the existence of simple laws\nrelating prices to order flows, and in a broader context, because it suggests\nthat there are circumstances where institutions are more important than\nstrategic considerations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Fate of the Two-Magnon Bound State in the Heisenberg Antiferromagnet: The energy spectrum of the two-magnon bound states in the Heisenberg-Ising\nantiferromagnet on the square lattice are calculated using series expansion\nmethods. The results confirm an earlier spin-wave prediction of Oguchi and\nIshikawa, that the bound states vanish into the continuum before the isotropic\nHeisenberg limit is reached.",
        "positive": "Evidence for the first-order phase transition at the divergence region\n  of activity expansions: On the example of a lattice-gas model, a convincing confirmation is obtained\nfor the direct relationship between the condensation phenomenon and divergent\nbehavior of the virial expansions for pressure and density in powers of\nactivity. The present study analytically proves the pressure equality for the\nlow-density and high-density virial expansions in powers of density (in terms\nof irreducible cluster integrals or virial coefficients) exactly at the\nsymmetrical points, where their isothermal bulk modulus vanishes, as well as\nfor the corresponding expansions in powers of activity (in terms of reducible\ncluster integrals) at the same points (the points of their divergence). For\nlattice-gas models of arbitrary geometry and dimensions, a simple and general\nexpression is derived for the phase-transition activity (the convergence radius\nof activity expansions) that, in particular, exactly matches the well-known\nphase-transition activity of the Lee -- Yang model. In addition, the study\ndemonstrates that Mayer's expansion with the constant (volume independent)\ncluster integrals remains correct up to the condensation beginning, and the\nactual density-dependence may be taken into account for the high-order\nintegrals only in more dense regimes beyond the saturation point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster size distributions in particle systems with asymmetric dynamics: We present exact and asymptotic results for clusters in the one-dimensional\ntotally asymmetric exclusion process (TASEP) with two different dynamics. The\nexpected length of the largest cluster is shown to diverge logarithmically with\nincreasing system size for ordinary TASEP dynamics and as a logarithm divided\nby a double logarithm for generalized dynamics, where the hopping probability\nof a particle depends on the size of the cluster it belongs to. The connection\nwith the asymptotic theory of extreme order statistics is discussed in detail.\nWe also consider a related model of interface growth, where the deposited\nparticles are allowed to relax to the local gravitational minimum.",
        "positive": "A discrete model for long-time sintering: A discrete model for the sintering of polydisperse, inhomogeneous arrays of\ncylinders is presented with empirical contact force-laws, taking into account\nplastic deformations, cohesion, temperature dependence (melting), and long-time\neffects. Samples are prepared under constant isotropic load, and are sintered\nfor different sintering times. Increasing both external load and sintering time\neads to a stronger, stiffer sample after cooling down. The material behavior is\ninterpreted from both microscopic and macroscopic points of view.\n  Among the interesting results is the observation, that the coordination\nnumber, even though it has the tendency to increase, sometimes slightly\ndecreases, whereas the density continuously increases during sintering -- this\nis interpreted as an indicator of reorganization effects in the packing.\nAnother result of this study is the finding, that strongly attractive contacts\noccur during cool-down of the sample and leave a sintered block of material\nwith almost equally strong attractive and repulsive contact forces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations of entropy and log-normal superstatistics: Nonequilibrium complex systems are often effectively described by the mixture\nof different dynamics on different time scales. Superstatistics, which is\n\"statistics of statistics\" with two largely separated time scales, offers a\nconsistent theoretical framework for such a description. Here, a theory is\ndeveloped for log-normal superstatistics based on the fluctuation theorem for\nentropy changes as well as the maximum entropy method. This gives novel\nphysical insight into log-normal statistics, other than the traditional\nmultiplicative random processes. A comment is made on a possible application of\nthe theory to the fluctuating energy dissipation rate in turbulence.",
        "positive": "Volatility in the Italian Stock Market: an Empirical Study: We study the volatility of the MIB30-stock-index high-frequency data from\nNovember 28, 1994 through September 15, 1995. Our aim is to empirically\ncharacterize the volatility random walk in the framework of continuous-time\nfinance. To this end, we compute the index volatility by means of the\nlog-return standard deviation. We choose an hourly time window in order to\ninvestigate intraday properties of volatility. A periodic component is found\nfor the hourly time window, in agreement with previous observations.\nFluctuations are studied by means of detrended fluctuation analysis, and we\ndetect long-range correlations. Volatility values are log-stable distributed.\nWe discuss the implications of these results for stochastic volatility\nmodelling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Weakly coupled, antiparallel, totally asymmetric simple exclusion\n  processes: We study a system composed of two parallel totally asymmetric simple\nexclusion processes with open boundaries, where the particles move in the two\nlanes in opposite directions and are allowed to jump to the other lane with\nrates inversely proportional to the length of the system. Stationary density\nprofiles are determined and the phase diagram of the model is constructed in\nthe hydrodynamic limit, by solving the differential equations describing the\nsteady state of the system, analytically for vanishing total current and\nnumerically for nonzero total current. The system possesses phases with a\nlocalized shock in the density profile in one of the lanes, similarly to\nexclusion processes endowed with nonconserving kinetics in the bulk. Besides,\nthe system undergoes a discontinuous phase transition, where coherently moving\ndelocalized shocks emerge in both lanes and the fluctuation of the global\ndensity is described by an unbiased random walk. This phenomenon is analogous\nto the phase coexistence observed at the coexistence line of the totally\nasymmetric simple exclusion process, however, as a consequence of the\ninteraction between lanes, the density profiles are deformed and in the case of\nasymmetric lane change, the motion of the shocks is confined to a limited\ndomain.",
        "positive": "Drying layer near a weakly attractive surface: Depletion of the liquid density near a solid surface with a weak long-range\nfluid-surface interaction was studied by computer simulations of the\nliquid-vapor coexistence of a LJ fluid confined in slitlike pores. In a wide\ntemperature range the liquid density decreases towards the surface without the\nformation of a {\\it vapor} layer between the liquid and the solid surface. This\nevidences the absence of a drying transition up to the liquid-vapor critical\npoint. Two contributions to the excess desorption {\\it $\\Gamma_{tot}$} were\nfound. The first one {\\it $\\Gamma_{\\xi}$} $\\sim$ $\\rho_{bulk}$ $\\xi$ exists at\nany temperature and diverges as the bulk correlation length $\\xi$ when\napproaching the liquid-vapor critical temperature {\\it {T$_c$}}. The second\ncontribution {\\it $\\Gamma_L$} $\\sim$ $\\rho_{bulk}$ {\\it L$_0$} originates from\na microscopic {\\it drying layer} near the solid boundary. At high temperatures\nthe thickness {\\it L$_0$} of the drying layer increases in accordance with the\npower law {\\it L$_0$ $\\sim$ - ln (1-T/T$_c$)}, indicating a drying transition\nat {\\it {T$_c$}}. The {\\it drying layer} can be suppressed by strengthening the\nfluid-surface interaction, by increasing the fluid-surface interaction range or\nby decreasing the pore size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic phase transitions for Pomeau-Manneville maps: We study phase transitions in the thermodynamic description of\nPomeau-Manneville intermittent maps from the point of view of infinite ergodic\ntheory, which deals with diverging measure dynamical systems. For such systems,\nwe use a distributional limit theorem to provide both a powerful tool for\ncalculating thermodynamic potentials as also an understanding of the dynamic\ncharacteristics at each instability phase. In particular, topological pressure\nand Renyi entropy are calculated exactly for such systems. Finally, we show the\nconnection of the distributional limit theorem with non-Gaussian fluctuations\nof the algorithmic complexity proposed by Gaspard and Wang [Proc. Natl. Acad.\nSci. USA 85, 4591 (1988)].",
        "positive": "The effect of substrate waviness on random sequential adsorption packing\n  properties: Random sequential adsorption of spheres on a wavy surface was studied. It was\ndetermined how surface structure influences random packing properties such as\nthe packing fraction, the kinetics of packing growth, and the two-particle\ndensity correlation function. Until the substrate varies within the range one\norder of magnitude smaller than the particle's diameter, the properties of the\npackings obtained do not differ significantly from those on a flat surface. On\nthe other hand, for the higher amplitude of unevenness, the packing fraction,\nlow-density growth kinetics, and the density autocorrelation function change\nsignificantly, while asymptotic growth kinetics seems to be barely sensitive to\nsurface waviness. Besides fundamental significance, the study suggests that the\nexperimental measurement of the aforementioned basic properties of adsorption\nmonolayers can reveal the surface's porous structure without investigating the\nsurface itself."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Bose-Einstein condensation with magnetic dipole-dipole\n  forces\": The ground state solutions of a dilute Bose condensate with contact and\nmagnetic dipole-dipole interactions are examined. By lowering the value of the\nscattering length, Goral et al. [cond-mat/9907308 and Phys. Rev. A {\\bf 61},\n051601 (2000)] numerically predict a region of unstable solutions, accompanied\nby a neighborhood where the ground-state wave functions have internal\nstructure. On the contrary, we find that the dipolar condensate has an\nintuitively-located stability region, and ground-state solutions near the\ninstability threshold which are absent any unusual structure.",
        "positive": "Minimum in the thermal conductivity of supercooled water: a computer\n  simulation study: We report the results of a computer simulation study of the thermodynamic\nproperties and the thermal conductivity of supercooled water as a function of\npressure and temperature using the TIP4P-2005 water model. The thermodynamic\nproperties can be represented by a two-structure equation of state consistent\nwith the presence of a liquid-liquid critical point in the supercooled region.\nOur simulations confirm the presence of a minimum in the thermal conductivity,\nnot only at atmospheric pressure, as previously found for the TIP5P water\nmodel, but also at elevated pressures. This anomalous behavior of the thermal\nconductivity of supercooled water appears to be related to the maximum of the\nisothermal compressibility or the minimum of the speed of sound. However, the\nmagnitudes of the simulated thermal conductivities are sensitive to the water\nmodel adopted and appear to be significantly larger than the experimental\nthermal conductivities of real water at low temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microcanonical entropy of the spherical model with nearest-neighbour\n  interactions: For the spherical model with nearest-neighbour interactions, the\nmicrocanonical entropy s(e,m) is computed analytically in the thermodynamic\nlimit for all accessible values of the energy e and the magnetization m per\nspin. The entropy function is found to be concave (albeit not strictly\nconcave), implying that the microcanonical and the canonical ensembles are\nequivalent, despite the long-range nature of the spherical constraint the spins\nhave to obey. Two transition lines are identified in the (e,m)-plane,\nseparating a paramagnetic phase from a ferromagnetic and an antiferromagnetic\none. The resulting microcanonical phase diagram is compared to the more\nfamiliar canonical one.",
        "positive": "The critical equation of state of three-dimensional XY systems: We address the problem of determining the critical equation of state of\nthree-dimensional XY systems. For this purpose we first consider the\nsmall-field expansion of the effective potential (Helmholtz free energy) in the\nhigh-temperature phase. We compute the first few nontrivial zero-momentum\nn-point renormalized couplings, which parametrize such expansion, by analyzing\nthe high-temperature expansion of an improved lattice Hamiltonian with\nsuppressed leading scaling corrections.\n  These results are then used to construct parametric representations of the\ncritical equation of state which are valid in the whole critical regime,\nsatisfy the correct analytic properties (Griffith's analyticity), and take into\naccount the Goldstone singularities at the coexistence curve. A systematic\napproximation scheme is introduced, which is limited essentially by the number\nof known terms in the small-field expansion of the effective potential.\n  From our approximate representations of the equation of state, we derive\nestimates of universal ratios of amplitudes. For the specific-heat amplitude\nratio we obtain A^+/A^-=1.055(3), to be compared with the best experimental\nestimate A^+/A^-=1.054(1)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact thermodynamic Casimir forces for an interacting three-dimensional\n  model system in film geometry with free surfaces: The limit n to infinity of the classical O(n) phi^4 model on a 3d film with\nfree surfaces is studied. Its exact solution involves a self-consistent 1d\nSchr\\\"odinger equation, which is solved numerically for a partially discretized\nas well as for a fully discrete lattice model. Numerically exact results are\nobtained for the scaled Casimir force at all temperatures. Obtained via a\nsingle framework, they exhibit all relevant qualitative features of the\nthermodynamic Casimir force known from wetting experiments on Helium-4 and\nMonte Carlo simulations, including a pronounced minimum below the bulk critical\npoint.",
        "positive": "Nonextensive statistics based on Landsberg-Vedral entropy: The general formalism for the nonextensive statistics based on the\nLandsberg-Vedral entropy was derived. The formula for the first law of\nthermodynamics and the exact relations of the thermodynamic quantities to their\nensemble averages were obtained. It was found that under the transformation\n$q\\to 2-q$ the probabilities of microstates of the nonextensive statistics\nbased on the Landsberg-Vedral entropy formally resemble the corresponding\nprobabilities of the Tsallis statistics with escort probabilities. However, the\nnonextensive statistics with the Landsberg-Vedral entropy does not require\nintroduction of the escort probabilities and generalized expectation values\nwhich are used in this version of the Tsallis statistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size Scaling in Kinetics of Phase Separation in Certain Models of\n  Aligning Active Particles: To study the kinetics of phase separation in active matter systems, we\nconsider models that impose a Vicsek-type self-propulsion rule on otherwise\npassive particles interacting via the Lennard-Jones potential. Two types of\nkinetics are of interest: one conserves the total momentum of all the\nconstituents and the other that does not. We carry out numerical simulations,\nassisted by molecular dynamics, to obtain results on structural growth and\naging properties. Results from our studies, with various finite boxes, show\nthat there exist scalings with respect to the system sizes, in both quantities,\nas in the standard passive cases. We have exploited this scaling picture to\naccurately estimate the corresponding exponents, in the thermodynamically large\nsystem size limit, for power-law time-dependences. It is shown that certain\nanalytical functions describe the behavior of these quantities quite\naccurately, including the finite-size limits. Our results demonstrate that even\nthough the conservation of velocity has at best weak effects on the dynamics of\nevolution in the thermodynamic limit, the finite-size behavior is strongly\ninfluenced by the presence (or the absence) of it.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics.III. Thermodynamic Principles, Entropy\n  Continuity during Component Confinement, Energy Gap and the Residual Entropy: To investigate the consequences of component confinement such as at a glass\ntransition and the well-known energy or enthalpy gap (between the glass and the\nperfect crystal at absolute zero, see text), we follow our previous approach\n[Phys. Rev. E 81, 051130 (2010)] of using the second law applied to an isolated\nsystem {\\Sigma}_0 consisting of the homogeneous system {\\Sigma} and the medium\n{\\Sigma}. We establish on general grounds the continuity of the Gibbs free\nenergy G(t) of {\\Sigma} as a function of time at fixed temperature and pressure\nof the medium. It immediately follows from this and the observed continuity of\nthe enthalpy during component confinement that the entropy S of the open system\n{\\Sigma} must remain continuous during a component confinement such as at a\nglass transition. We use these continuity properties and the recently developed\nnon-equilibrium thermodynamics to formulate thermodynamic principles of\nadditivity, reproducibility, continuity and stability that must also apply to\nnon-equilibrium systems in internal equilibrium. We find that the\nirreversibility during a glass transition only justifies the residual entropy\nS_{R} to be at least as much as that determined by disregarding the\nirreversibility, a common practice in the field. This justifies a non-zero\nresidual entropy S_{R} in glasses, which is also in accordance with the energy\nor enthalpy gap at absolute zero. We develop a statistical formulation of the\nentropy of a non-equilibrium system, which results in the continuity of entropy\nduring component confinement in accordance with the second law and sheds light\non the mystery behind the residual entropy, which is consistent with the recent\nconclusion [Symmetry 2, 1201 (2010)] drawn by us."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Norm preserving stochastic field equation for an ideal Bose gas in a\n  trap: numerical implementation and applications: Stochastic field equations represent a powerful tool to describe the thermal\nstate of a trapped Bose gas. Often, such approaches are confronted with the old\nproblem of an ultraviolet catastrophe, which demands a cutoff at high energies.\nIn [arXiv:0809.1002, Phys. B 42, 081001 (2009)] we introduce a quantum\nstochastic field equation, avoiding the cutoff problem through a fully quantum\napproach based on the Glauber-Sudarshan P-function. For a close link to actual\nexperimental setups the theory is formulated for a fixed particle number and\nthus based on the canonical ensemble. In this work the derivation and the\nnon-trivial numerical implementation of the equation is explained in detail. We\npresent applications for finite Bose gases trapped in a variety of potentials\nand show results for ground state occupation numbers and their equilibrium\nfluctuations. Moreover, we investigate spatial coherence properties by studying\ncorrelation functions of various orders.",
        "positive": "Spin Models on Non-Euclidean Hyperlattices: Griffiths Phases without\n  Extrinsic Disorder: We study short-range ferromagnetic models residing on planar manifolds with\nglobal negative curvature. We show that the local metric properties of the\nembedding surface induce droplet formation from the boundary, resulting in the\nstability of a Griffiths phase at a temperature lower than that of the bulk\ntransition. We propose that this behavior is independent of order parameter and\nhyperlattice specifics, and thus is universal for such non-Euclidean spin\nmodels. Their temperature-curvature phase diagrams are characterized by two\ndistinct bulk and boundary transitions; each has mean-field critical behavior\nand a finite correlation length related to the curvature of the embedding\nsurface. The implications for experiments on superconducting hyperlattice\nnetworks are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the connection between off-equilibrium response and statics in non\n  disordered coarsening systems: The connection between the out of equilibrium linear response function and\nstatic properties established by Franz, Mezard, Parisi and Peliti for slowly\nrelaxing systems is analyzed in the context of phase ordering processes.\nSeparating the response in the bulk of domains from interface response, we find\nthat in order for the connection to hold the interface contribution must be\nasymptotically negligible. How fast this happens depends on the competition\nbetween interface curvature and the perturbing external field in driving domain\ngrowth. This competition depends on space dimensionality and there exists a\ncritical value $d_c=3$ below which the interface response becomes increasingly\nimportant eventually invalidating the connection between statics and dynamics\nas the limit $d=1$ is reached. This mechanism is analyzed numerically for the\nIsing model with $d$ ranging from 1 to 4 and analytically for a continuous spin\nmodel with arbitrary dimensionality.",
        "positive": "Duality Between Relaxation and First Passage in Reversible Markov\n  Dynamics: Rugged Energy Landscapes Disentangled: Relaxation and first passage processes are the pillars of kinetics in\ncondensed matter, polymeric and single-molecule systems. Yet, an explicit\nconnection between relaxation and first passage time-scales so far remained\nelusive. Here we prove a duality between them in the form of an interlacing of\nspectra. In the basic form the duality holds for reversible Markov processes to\neffectively one-dimensional targets. The exploration of a triple-well potential\nis analyzed to demonstrate how the duality allows for an intuitive\nunderstanding of first passage trajectories in terms of relaxational\neigenmodes. More generally, we provide a comprehensive explanation of the full\nstatistics of reactive trajectories in rugged potentials, incl. the so-called\n`few-encounter limit'. Our results are required for explaining quantitatively\nthe occurrence of diseases triggered by protein misfolding."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hierarchy of exact low-dimensional reductions for populations of coupled\n  oscillators: We consider an ensemble of phase oscillators in the thermodynamic limit,\nwhere it is described by a kinetic equation for the phase distribution density.\nWe propose an ansatz for the circular moments of the distribution\n(Kuramoto-Daido order parameters) that allows for an exact truncation at an\narbitrary number of modes. In the simplest case of one mode, the ansatz\ncoincides with that of Ott and Antonsen [Chaos 18, 037113 (2008)]. Dynamics on\nthe extended manifolds facilitate higher dimensional behavior such as chaos,\nwhich we demonstrate with a simulation of a Josephson junction array. The\nfindings are generalized for oscillators with a Cauchy-Lorentzian distribution\nof natural frequencies.",
        "positive": "Macroscopic Simulation of Widely Scattered Synchronized Traffic States: Recently, a phase transition to synchronized congested traffic has been\nobserved in empirical highway data [B. S. Kerner and H. Rehborn, Phys. Rev.\nLett. 79, 4030 (1997)]. This hysteretic transition has been described by a\nnon-local, gas-kinetic-based traffic model [D. Helbing and M. Treiber, Phys.\nRev. Lett. 81, 3042 (1998)] that, however, did not display the wide scattering\nof synchronized states. Here, it is shown that the latter can be reproduced by\na mixture of different vehicle types like cars and trucks. The simulation\nresults are in good agreement with Dutch highway data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equivalence of mean-field avalanches and branching diffusions: From the\n  Brownian force model to the super-Brownian motion: We point out that the mean-field theory of avalanches in the dynamics of\nelastic interfaces, the so-called Brownian force model (BFM) developed recently\nin non-equilibrium statistical physics, is equivalent to the so-called\nsuper-Brownian motion (SBM) developed in probability theory, a continuum limit\nof branching processes related to {\\it space-embedded} Galton-Watson trees. In\nparticular the exact solvability property recently (re-)discovered from the\nfield theory in mean-field avalanches (the \"instanton equation\") maps onto the\nso-called Dawson-Watanabe 1968 duality property. In the light of this\ncorrespondence we compare the results obtained independently in the two fields,\nand transport some of them from one field to the other. In particular, we\ndiscuss a scaling limit of the branching Brownian motion which maps onto the\ncontinuum field theory of mean-field avalanches",
        "positive": "Note on a q-modified central limit theorem: A q-modified version of the central limit theorem due to Umarov et al.\naffirms that q-Gaussians are attractors under addition and rescaling of certain\nclasses of strongly correlated random variables. The proof of this theorem\nrests on a nonlinear q-modified Fourier transform. By exhibiting an invariance\nproperty we show that this Fourier transform does not have an inverse. As a\nconsequence, the theorem falls short of achieving its stated goal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean-field criticality explained by random matrices theory: How a system initially at infinite temperature responds when suddenly placed\nat finite temperatures is a way to check the existence of phase transitions. It\nhas been shown in [R. da Silva, IJMPC 2023] that phase transitions are\nimprinted in the spectra of matrices built from time evolutions of\nmagnetization of spin models. In this paper, we show that this method works\nvery accurately in determining the critical temperature in the mean-field Ising\nmodel. We show that for Glauber or Metropolis dynamics, the average eigenvalue\nhas a minimum at the critical temperature, which is corroborated by an\ninflection at eigenvalue dispersion at this same point. Such transition is\ngoverned by a gap in the density of eigenvalues similar to short-range spin\nsystems. We conclude that the thermodynamics of this mean-field system can be\ndescribed by the fluctuations in the spectra of Wishart matrices which suggests\na direct relationship between thermodynamic fluctuations and spectral\nfluctuations.",
        "positive": "The vanishing of excess heat for nonequilibrium processes reaching zero\n  ambient temperature: We present the mathematical ingredients for an extension of the Third Law of\nThermodynamics (Nernst heat postulate) to nonequilibrium processes. The central\nquantity is the excess heat which measures the quasistatic addition to the\nsteady dissipative power when a parameter in the dynamics is changed slowly. We\nprove for a class of driven Markov jump processes that it vanishes at zero\nenvironment temperature. Furthermore, the nonequilibrium heat capacity goes to\nzero with temperature as well. Main ingredients in the proof are the\nmatrix-forest theorem for the relaxation behavior of the heat flux, and the\nmatrix-tree theorem giving the low-temperature asymptotics of the stationary\nprobability. The main new condition for the extended Third Law requires the\nabsence of major (low-temperature induced) delays in the relaxation to the\nsteady dissipative structure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional statistics in some exactly solvable Calogero-like models with\n  PT invariant interactions: Here we review a method for constructing exact eigenvalues and eigenfunctions\nof a many-particle quantum system, which is obtained by adding some\nnonhermitian but PT invariant (i.e., combined parity and time reversal\ninvariant) interaction to the Calogero model. It is shown that such extended\nCalogero model leads to a real spectrum obeying generalised exclusion\nstatistics. It is also found that the corresponding exchange statistics\nparameter differs from the exclusion statistics parameter and exhibits a\n`reflection symmetry' provided the strength of the PT invariant interaction\nexceeds a critical value.",
        "positive": "Properties of Quantum Systems via Diagonalization of Transition\n  Amplitudes I: Discretization Effects: We analyze the method for calculation of properties of non-relativistic\nquantum systems based on exact diagonalization of space-discretized short-time\nevolution operators. In this paper we present a detailed analysis of the errors\nassociated with space discretization. Approaches using direct diagonalization\nof real-space discretized Hamiltonians lead to polynomial errors in\ndiscretization spacing $\\Delta$. Here we show that the method based on the\ndiagonalization of the short-time evolution operators leads to substantially\nsmaller discretization errors, vanishing exponentially with $1/\\Delta^2$. As a\nresult, the presented calculation scheme is particularly well suited for\nnumerical studies of few-body quantum systems. The analytically derived\ndiscretization errors estimates are numerically shown to hold for several\nmodels. In the followup paper [1] we present and analyze substantial\nimprovements that result from the merger of this approach with the recently\nintroduced effective-action scheme for high-precision calculation of short-time\npropagation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correction to scaling analysis of diffusion-limited aggregation: Diffusion-limited aggregation is consistent with simple scaling. However,\nstrong subdominant terms are present, and these can account for various earlier\nclaims of anomalous scaling. We show this in detail for the case of\nmultiscaling.",
        "positive": "Suppression of superfluid density in the superfluid-supersolid\n  transition: We show that the rather unexpected pressure dependence of superfluid density\nobserved near the superfluid-supersolid transition by Kim {\\em et.al.}[M.H.W.\nChan, {\\em private communication}], can be understood if the transition from\nsuperfluid to supersolid state is a second order or weakly first order\ntransition from the superfluid state to a super-CDW state with non-uniform\nBose-condensation amplitude. The suppression of superfluid density is a direct\nconsequence of softening of phonon mode at finite wave-vector $|\\vec{Q}|\\sim\nQ_0$ around the quantum phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical Determination of Boundary Condition Changing Operators: A new numerical method to determine the boundary condition changing (bcc)\noperators in the statistical models is introduced. This method is based on a\nvariant of Schramm-Loewner Evolution (SLE), namely SLE(\\kappa; \\rho). As a\nprototype, Abelian Sandpile Model (ASM) with a sink on some point on the\nboundary is considered. Using this method we study the bcc operator\ncorresponding to sink. It is numerically shown that the conformal dimension of\nthe this operator is nearly 0. The most suitable candidate for this operator is\nthe logarithmic partner of the unity operator, as it has been conjectured\ntheoretically.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Resonance in Time-delayed Bistable Systems Driven by Weak\n  Periodic Signal: We study theoretically a bistable systems with time-delayed feedback driven\nby weak periodic force. The effective potential function and the steady-state\nprobability density are derived. The delay time and the strength of its\nfeedback can change the shapes of the potential wells. In the adiabatic\napproximation, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the system with a weak\nperiodic force is obtained. The time-delayed feedback modulates the magnitude\nof SNR by changing the shape of the potential and the effective strength of\nsignal. The maximum of SNR decreases with increasing the feedback intensity\n$\\epsilon$. When $\\epsilon$ is negative (or positive), the time delay can\nsuppress (or promote) the stochastic resonance phenomenon."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotic behavior of self-affine processes in semi-infinite domains: We propose to model the stochastic dynamics of a polymer passing through a\npore (translocation) by means of a fractional Brownian motion, and study its\nbehavior in presence of an absorbing boundary. Based on scaling arguments and\nnumerical simulations, we present a conjecture that provides a link between the\npersistence exponent $\\theta$ and the Hurst exponent $H$ of the process, thus\nsheding light on the spatial and temporal features of translocation.\nFurthermore, we show that this conjecture applies more generally to a broad\nclass of self affine processes undergoing anomalous diffusion in bounded\ndomains, and we discuss some significant examples.",
        "positive": "Extremes of $2d$ Coulomb gas: universal intermediate deviation regime: In this paper, we study the extreme statistics in the complex Ginibre\nensemble of $N \\times N$ random matrices with complex Gaussian entries, but\nwith no other symmetries. All the $N$ eigenvalues are complex random variables\nand their joint distribution can be interpreted as a $2d$ Coulomb gas with a\nlogarithmic repulsion between any pair of particles and in presence of a\nconfining harmonic potential $v(r) \\propto r^2$. We study the statistics of the\neigenvalue with the largest modulus $r_{\\max}$ in the complex plane. The\ntypical and large fluctuations of $r_{\\max}$ around its mean had been studied\nbefore, and they match smoothly to the right of the mean. However, it remained\na puzzle to understand why the large and typical fluctuations to the left of\nthe mean did not match. In this paper, we show that there is indeed an\nintermediate fluctuation regime that interpolates smoothly between the large\nand the typical fluctuations to the left of the mean. Moreover, we compute\nexplicitly this \"intermediate deviation function\" (IDF) and show that it is\nuniversal, i.e. independent of the confining potential $v(r)$ as long as it is\nspherically symmetric and increases faster than $\\ln r^2$ for large $r$ with an\nunbounded support. If the confining potential $v(r)$ has a finite support, i.e.\nbecomes infinite beyond a finite radius, we show via explicit computation that\nthe corresponding IDF is different. Interestingly, in the borderline case where\nthe confining potential grows very slowly as $v(r) \\sim \\ln r^2$ for $r \\gg 1$\nwith an unbounded support, the intermediate regime disappears and there is a\nsmooth matching between the central part and the left large deviation regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermally driven classical Heisenberg chain with a spatially varying\n  magnetic field: Thermal rectification and Negative differential thermal\n  resistance: Thermal rectification and negative differential thermal resistance are two\nimportant features that have direct technological relevance. In this paper, we\nstudy the classical one dimensional Heisenberg model, thermally driven by heat\nbaths attached at the two ends of the system, and in presence of an external\nmagnetic field that varies monotonically in space. Heat conduction in this\nsystem is studied using a local energy conserving dynamics. It is found that,\nby suitably tuning the spatially varying magnetic field, the homogeneous\nsymmetric system exhibits both thermal rectification and negative differential\nthermal resistance. Thermal rectification, in some parameter ranges, shows\ninteresting dependences on the average temperature T and the system size N -\nrectification improves as T and N is increased. Using the microscopic dynamics\nof the spins we present a physical picture to explain the features observed in\nrectification as exhibited by this system and provide supporting numerical\nevidences. Emergence of NDTR in this system can be controlled by tuning the\nexternal magnetic field alone which can have possible applications in the\nfabrication of thermal devices.",
        "positive": "Lagrangian Statistical Mechanics applied to Non-linear Stochastic Field\n  Equations: We consider non-linear stochastic field equations such as the KPZ equation\nfor deposition and the noise driven Navier-Stokes equation for hydrodynamics.\nWe focus on the Fourier transform of the time dependent two point field\ncorrelation, $\\Phi_{\\bf{k}}(t)$. We employ a Lagrangian method aimed at\nobtaining the distribution function of the possible histories of the system in\na way that fits naturally with our previous work on the static distribution.\nOur main result is a non-linear integro-differential equation for\n$\\Phi_{\\bf{k}}(t)$, which is derived from a Peierls-Boltzmann type transport\nequation for its Fourier transform in time $\\Phi_{\\bf{k}, \\omega}$. That\ntransport equation is a natural extension of the steady state transport\nequation, we previously derived for $\\Phi_{\\bf{k}}(0)$. We find a new and\nremarkable result which applies to all the non-linear systems studied here. The\nlong time decay of $\\Phi_{\\bf{k}}(t)$ is described by $\\Phi_{\\bf{k}}(t) \\sim\n\\exp(-a|{\\bf k}|t^{\\gamma})$, where $a$ is a constant and $\\gamma$ is system\ndependent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo study of the Widom-Rowlinson fluid using cluster methods: The Widom-Rowlinson model of a fluid mixture is studied using a new cluster\nalgorithm that is a generalization of the invaded cluster algorithm previously\napplied to Potts models. Our estimate of the critical exponents for the\ntwo-component fluid are consistent with the Ising universality class in two and\nthree dimensions. We also present results for the three-component fluid.",
        "positive": "On time's arrow in Ehrenfest models with reversible deterministic\n  dynamics: We introduce a deterministic, time-reversible version of the Ehrenfest urn\nmodel. The distribution of first-passage times from equilibrium to\nnon-equilibrium states and vice versa is calculated. We find that average times\nfor transition to non-equilibrium always scale exponentially with the system\nsize, whereas the time scale for relaxation to equilibrium depends on\nmicroscopic dynamics. To illustrate this, we also look at deterministic and\nstochastic versions of the Ehrenfest model with a distribution of microscopic\nrelaxation times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enhanced Diffusion of a Needle in a Planar Course of Point Obstacles: The transport of an infinitely thin, hard rod in a random, dense array of\npoint obstacles is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Our model\nmimics the sterically hindered dynamics in dense needle liquids. The\ncenter-of-mass diffusion exhibits a minimum, and transport becomes increasingly\nfast at higher densities. The diffusion coefficient diverges according to a\npower law in the density with an approximate exponent of 0.8. This observation\nis connected with a new divergent time scale, reflected in a zig-zag motion of\nthe needle, a two-step decay of the velocity-autocorrelation function, and a\nnegative plateau in the non-Gaussian parameter.",
        "positive": "Comments on the linear modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation in\n  electrolyte solution theory: Three analytic results are proposed for a linear form of the modified\nPoisson-Boltzmann equation in the theory of bulk electrolytes. Comparison is\nalso made with the mean spherical approximation results. The linear theories\npredict a transition of the mean electrostatic potential from a\nDebye-H\\\"{u}ckel type damped exponential to a damped oscillatory behaviour as\nthe electrolyte concentration increases beyond a critical value. The screening\nlength decreases with increasing concentration when the mean electrostatic\npotential is damped oscillatory. A comparison is made with one set of recent\nexperimental screening results for aqueous NaCl electrolytes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral statistics in constrained many-body quantum chaotic systems: We study the spectral statistics of spatially-extended many-body quantum\nsystems with on-site Abelian symmetries or local constraints, focusing\nprimarily on those with conserved dipole and higher moments. In the limit of\nlarge local Hilbert space dimension, we find that the spectral form factor\n$K(t)$ of Floquet random circuits can be mapped exactly to a classical Markov\ncircuit, and, at late times, is related to the partition function of a\nfrustration-free Rokhsar-Kivelson (RK) type Hamiltonian. Through this mapping,\nwe show that the inverse of the spectral gap of the RK-Hamiltonian lower bounds\nthe Thouless time $t_{\\mathrm{Th}}$ of the underlying circuit. For systems with\nconserved higher moments, we derive a field theory for the corresponding\nRK-Hamiltonian by proposing a generalized height field representation for the\nHilbert space of the effective spin chain. Using the field theory formulation,\nwe obtain the dispersion of the low-lying excitations of the RK-Hamiltonian in\nthe continuum limit, which allows us to extract $t_{\\mathrm{Th}}$. In\nparticular, we analytically argue that in a system of length $L$ that conserves\nthe $m^{th}$ multipole moment, $t_{\\mathrm{Th}}$ scales subdiffusively as\n$L^{2(m+1)}$. We also show that our formalism directly generalizes to higher\ndimensional circuits, and that in systems that conserve any component of the\n$m^{th}$ multipole moment, $t_{\\mathrm{Th}}$ has the same scaling with the\nlinear size of the system. Our work therefore provides a general approach for\nstudying spectral statistics in constrained many-body chaotic systems.",
        "positive": "Fourier's Law: insight from a simple derivation: The onset of Fourier's law in a one-dimensional quantum system is addressed\nvia a simple model of weakly coupled quantum systems in contact with thermal\nbaths at their edges. Using analytical arguments we show that the crossover\nfrom the ballistic (invalid Fourier's law) to diffusive (valid Fourier's law)\nregimes is characterized by a thermal length-scale, which is directly related\nto the profile of the local temperature. In the same vein, dephasing is shown\nto give rise to a classical Fourier's law, similarly to the onset of Ohm's law\nin mesoscopic conductors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exclusive Queueing Processes and their Application to Traffic Systems: The dynamics of pedestrian crowds has been studied intensively in recent\nyears, both theoretically and empirically. However, in many situations\npedestrian crowds are rather static, e.g. due to jamming near bottlenecks or\nqueueing at ticket counters or supermarket checkouts. Classically such queues\nare often described by the M/M/1 queue that neglects the internal structure\n(density profile) of the queue by focussing on the system length as the only\ndynamical variable. This is different in the Exclusive Queueing Process (EQP)\nin which the queue is considered on a microscopic level. It is equivalent to a\nTotally Asymmetric Exclusion Process (TASEP) of varying length. The EQP has a\nsurprisingly rich phase diagram with respect to the arrival probability alpha\nand the service probability beta. The behavior on the phase transition line is\nmuch more complex than for the TASEP with a fixed system length. It is\nnonuniversal and depends strongly on the update procedure used. In this\narticle, we review the main properties of the EQP. We also mention extensions\nand applications of the EQP and some related models.",
        "positive": "Grand Canonical Adaptive Resolution Simulation for Molecules with\n  Electrons: A Theoretical Framework based on Physical Consistency: A theoretical scheme for the treatment of an open molecular system with\nelectrons and nuclei is proposed. The idea is based on the Grand Canonical\ndescription of a quantum region embedded in a classical reservoir of molecules.\nElectronic properties of the quantum region are calculated at constant\nelectronic chemical potential equal to that of the corresponding (large) bulk\nsystem treated at full quantum level. Instead, the exchange of molecules\nbetween the quantum region and the classical environment occurs at the chemical\npotential of the macroscopic thermodynamic conditions. T he Grand Canonical\nAdaptive Resolution Scheme is proposed for the treatment of the classical\nenvironment; such an approach can treat the exchange of molecules according to\nfirst principles of statistical mechanics and thermodynamic. The overall scheme\nis build on the basis of physical consistency, with the corresponding\ndefinition of numerical criteria of control of the approximations implied by\nthe coupling. Given the wide range of expertise required, this work has the\nintention of providing guiding principles for the construction of a well\nfounded computational protocol for actual multiscale simulations from the\nelectronic to the mesoscopic scale."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometrical properties of parafermionic spin models: We present measurements of the fractal dimensions associated to the\ngeometrical clusters for Z_4 and Z_5 spin models. We also attempted to measure\nsimilar fractal dimensions for the generalised Fortuyin Kastelyn (FK) clusters\nin these models but we discovered that these clusters do not percolate at the\ncritical point of the model under consideration. These results clearly mark a\ndifference in the behaviour of these non local objects compared to the Ising\nmodel or the 3-state Potts model which corresponds to the simplest cases of Z_N\nspin models with N=2 and N=3 respectively. We compare these fractal dimensions\nwith the ones obtained for SLE interfaces.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Heterogeneity in Lattice Glass Models: In this paper we consider in detail the properties of dynamical heterogeneity\nin lattice glass models (LGMs). LGMs are lattice models whose dynamical rules\nare based on thermodynamic, as opposed to purely kinetic, considerations. We\ndevise a LGM that is not prone to crystallization and displays properties of a\nfragile glass-forming liquid. Particle motion in this model tends to be locally\nanisotropic on intermediate time scales even though the rules governing the\nmodel are isotropic. The model demonstrates violations of the Stokes-Einstein\nrelation and the growth of various length scales associated with dynamical\nheterogeneity. We discuss future avenues of research comparing the predictions\nof lattice glass models and kinetically constrained models to atomistic\nsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hatano-Nelson model with a periodic potential: We study a generalisation of the Hatano-Nelson Hamiltonian in which a\nperiodic modulation of the site energies is present in addition to the usual\nrandom distribution. The system can then become localized by disorder or\ndevelop a band gap, and the eigenspectrum shows a wide variety of topologies.\nWe determine the phase diagram, and perform a finite size scaling analysis of\nthe localization transition.",
        "positive": "Numerical Linked-Cluster Algorithms. I. Spin systems on square,\n  triangular, and kagome lattices: We discuss recently introduced numerical linked-cluster (NLC) algorithms that\nallow one to obtain temperature-dependent properties of quantum lattice models,\nin the thermodynamic limit, from exact diagonalization of finite clusters. We\npresent studies of thermodynamic observables for spin models on square,\ntriangular, and kagome lattices. Results for several choices of clusters and\nextrapolations methods, that accelerate the convergence of NLC, are presented.\nWe also include a comparison of NLC results with those obtained from exact\nanalytical expressions (where available), high-temperature expansions (HTE),\nexact diagonalization (ED) of finite periodic systems, and quantum Monte Carlo\nsimulations.For many models and properties NLC results are substantially more\naccurate than HTE and ED."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Monte Carlo simulation of spin-polarized tritium: The ground-state properties of spin-polarized tritium T$\\downarrow$ at zero\ntemperature are obtained by means of diffusion Monte Carlo calculations. Using\nan accurate {\\em ab initio} T$\\downarrow$-T$\\downarrow$ interatomic potential\nwe have studied its liquid phase, from the spinodal point until densities above\nits freezing point. The equilibrium density of the liquid is significantly\nhigher and the equilibrium energy of $-3.664(6)$ K significantly lower than in\nprevious approximate descriptions. The solid phase has also been studied for\nthree lattices up to high pressures, and we find that hcp lattice is slightly\npreferred. The liquid-solid phase transition has been determined using the\ndouble-tangent Maxwell construction; at zero temperature, bulk tritium freezes\nat a pressure of $P=9(1)$ bar.",
        "positive": "Numerical renormalization-group study of spin correlations in\n  one-dimensional random spin chains: We calculate the ground-state two-spin correlation functions of spin-1/2\nquantum Heisenberg chains with random exchange couplings using the real-space\nrenormalization group scheme. We extend the conventional scheme to take account\nof the contribution of local higher multiplet excitations in each decimation\nstep. This extended scheme can provide highly accurate numerical data for large\nsystems. The random average of staggered spin correlations of the chains with\nrandom antiferromagnetic (AF) couplings shows algebraic decay like $1/r^2$,\nwhich verifies the Fisher's analytic results. For chains with random\nferromagnetic (FM) and AF couplings, the random average of generalized\nstaggered correlations is found to decay more slowly than a power-law, in the\nform close to $1/\\ln(r)$. The difference between the distribution functions of\nthe spin correlations of the random AF chains and of the random FM-AF chains is\nalso discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two component boson-fermion plasma at finite temperature: We discuss thermodynamic stability of neutral real (quantum) matter from the\npoint of view of a computer experiment at finite, non-zero, temperature. We\nperform (restricted) path integral Monte Carlo simulations of the two component\nplasma where the two species are all bosons, all fermions, and one boson and\none fermion. We calculate the structure of the plasma and discuss about the\nformation of binded couples of oppositely charged particles. The purely bosonic\ncase is thermodynamically unstable. In this case we find an undetermined size\ndependent contact value of the unlike partial radial distribution function. For\nthe purely fermionic case we find a demixing transition with binding also of\nlike species.",
        "positive": "Scaling and universality in the micro-structure of urban space: We present a broad, phenomenological picture of the distribution of the\nlength of open space linear segments, $l$, derived from maps of 36 cities in 14\ndifferent countries. By scaling the Zipf plot of $l$, we obtain two master\ncurves for a sample of cities, which are not a function of city size. We show\nthat a third class of cities is not easily classifiable into these two\nuniversality classes. The cumulative distribution of $l$ displays power-law\ntails with two distinct exponents, $\\alpha_B=2$ and $\\alpha_R=3$. We suggest a\nlink between our data and the possibility of observing and modelling urban\ngeometric structures using Levy processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slow nonequilibrium dynamics: parallels between classical and quantum\n  glasses and gently driven systems: We review an scenario for the non-equilibrium dynamics of glassy systems that\nhas been motivated by the exact solution of simple models. This approach allows\none to set on firmer grounds well-known phenomenological theories. The old\nideas of entropy crisis, fictive temperatures, free-volume... have clear\ndefinitions within these models. Aging effects in the glass phase are also\ncaptured. One of the salient features of the analytic solution, the breakdown\nof the fluctuation-dissipation relations, provides a definition of a bonafide\n{\\it effective temperature} that is measurable by a thermometer, controls heat\nflows, partial equilibrations, and the reaction to the external injection of\nheat. The effective temperature is an extremely robust concept that appears in\nnon-equilibrium systems in the limit of small entropy production as, for\ninstance, sheared fluids, glasses at low temperatures when quantum fluctuations\nare relevant, tapped or vibrated granular matter, etc. The emerging scenario is\none of partial equilibrations, in which glassy systems arrange their internal\ndegrees of freedom so that the slow ones select their own effective\ntemperatures. It has been proven to be consistent within any perturbative\nresummation scheme (mode coupling, etc) and it can be challenged by\nexperimental and numerical tests, some of which it has already passed.",
        "positive": "Configurational density of states and melting of simple solids: We analyze the behavior of the microcanonical and canonical caloric curves\nfor a piecewise model of the configurational density of states of simple\nsolids, in the context of melting from the superheated state, as realized\nnumerically in the Z-method via atomistic molecular dynamics. A first-order\nphase transition with metastable regions is reproduced by the model, being\ntherefore useful to describe aspects of the melting transition. Within this\nmodel, transcendental equations connecting the superheating limit, the melting\npoint, and the specific heat of each phase are presented and numerically\nsolved. Our results suggest that the essential elements of the microcanonical Z\ncurves can be extracted from simple modeling of the configurational density of\nstates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field-induced superdiffusion and dynamical heterogeneity: By analyzing two Kinetically Constrained Models of supercooled liquids we\nshow that the anomalous transport of a driven tracer observed in supercooled\nliquids is another facet of the phenomenon of dynamical heterogeneity. We focus\non the Fredrickson-Andersen and the Bertin-Bouchaud-Lequeux models. By\nnumerical simulations and analytical arguments we demonstrate that the\nviolation of the Stokes-Einstein relation and the observed field-induced\nsuperdiffusion have the same physical origin: while a fraction of probes do not\nmove, others jump repeatedly because they are close to local mobile regions.\nThe anomalous fluctuations observed out of equilibrium in presence of a pulling\nforce $\\epsilon$, $\\sigma_x^2(t) = \\langle x_\\epsilon^2(t) \\rangle - \\langle\nx_\\epsilon(t) \\rangle^2 \\sim t^{3/2}$, which are accompanied by the asymptotic\ndecay $\\alpha_\\epsilon(t)\\sim t^{-1/2}$ of the non-Gaussian parameter from\nnon-trivial values to zero, are due to the splitting of the probes population\nin the two (mobile and immobile) groups and to dynamical correlations, a\nmechanism expected to happen generically in supercooled liquids.",
        "positive": "Generalized Langevin equations and fluctuation-dissipation theorem for\n  particle-bath systems in electric and magnetic fields: The Brownian motion of a particle immersed in a medium of charged particles\nis considered when the system is placed in magnetic or electric fields. Coming\nfrom the Zwanzig-Caldeira-Legget particle-bath model, we modify it so that not\nonly the charged Brownian particle (BP) but also the bath particles respond to\nthe external fields. For stationary systems the generalized Langevin equations\nare derived. Arbitrarily time-dependent electric fields do not affect the\nmemory functions, the thermal noise force, and the BP velocity correlation\nfunctions. In the case of a constant magnetic field two equations with\ndifferent memory functions are obtained for the BP motion in the plane\nperpendicular to the field. As distinct from the previous theories, the random\nthermal force depends on the field magnitude. Its time correlation function is\nconnected with one of the found memory functions through the familiar second\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How Can Computer Simulations Contribute to Understand the Static\n  Structure of Glasses?: Review paper on computer simulations of the structure of amorphous silica.",
        "positive": "Optimal reaction coordinates and kinetic rates from the projected\n  dynamics of transition paths: Finding optimal reaction coordinates and predicting accurate kinetic rates\nfor activated processes are two of the foremost challenges of molecular\nsimulations. We introduce an algorithm that tackles the two problems at once:\nstarting from a limited number of reactive molecular dynamics trajectories\n(transition paths), we automatically generate with a Monte Carlo approach a\nsequence of different reaction coordinates that progressively reduce the\nkinetic rate of their projected effective dynamics. Based on a variational\nprinciple, the minimal rate accurately approximates the exact one, and it\ncorresponds to the optimal reaction coordinate. After benchmarking the method\non an analytic double-well system, we apply it to complex atomistic systems:\nthe interaction of carbon nanoparticles of different sizes in water."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lifetime of dynamic heterogeneity in strong and fragile kinetically\n  constrained spin models: Kinetically constrained spin models are schematic coarse-grained models for\nthe glass transition which represent an efficient theoretical tool to study\ndetailed spatio-temporal aspects of dynamic heterogeneity in supercooled\nliquids. Here, we study how spatially correlated dynamic domains evolve with\ntime and compare our results to various experimental and numerical\ninvestigations. We find that strong and fragile models yield different results.\nIn particular, the lifetime of dynamic heterogeneity remains constant and\nroughly equal to the alpha relaxation time in strong models, while it increases\nmore rapidly in fragile models when the glass transition is approached.",
        "positive": "Polymers with attractive interactions on the Husimi tree: We obtain the solution of models of self-avoiding walks with attractive\ninteractions on Husimi lattices built with squares. Two attractive interactions\nare considered: between monomers on first-neighbor sites and not consecutive\nalong a walk and between bonds located on opposite edges of elementary squares.\nFor coordination numbers q>4, two phases, one polymerized the other\nnon-polymerized, are present in the phase diagram. For small values of the\nattractive interaction the transition between those phases is continuous, but\nfor higher values a first-order transition is found. Both regimes are separated\nby a tricritical point. For q=4 a richer phase diagram is found, with an\nadditional (dense) polymerized phase, which is stable for for sufficiently\nstrong interactions between bonds. The phase diagram of the model in the\nthree-dimensional parameter space displays surfaces of continuous and\ndiscontinuous phase transitions and lines of tricritical points, critical\nendpoints and triple points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coherent versus Incoherent Dynamics during Bose-Einstein Condensation in\n  Atomic Gases: We review and extend the theory of the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensation\nin weakly interacting atomic gases. We present in a unified way both the\nsemiclassical theory as well as the full quantum theory. This is achieved by\nderiving a Fokker-Planck equation that incorporates both the coherent and\nincoherent effects of the interactions in a dilute Bose gas. In first instance\nwe focus our attention on the nonequilibrium dynamics of a homogeneous Bose gas\nwith a positive interatomic scattering length. After that we discuss how our\nresults can be generalized to the inhomogeneous situation that exists in the\npresent experiments with magnetically trapped alkali gases, and how we can deal\nwith a negative interatomic scattering length in that case as well. We also\nshow how to arrive at a discription of the collective modes of the gas that\nobeys the Kohn theorem at all temperatures. The theory is based on the\nmany-body T-matrix approximation throughout, since this approximation has the\ncorrect physical behavior near the critical temperature and also treats the\ncoherent and incoherent processes taking place in the gas on an equal footing.",
        "positive": "Statistics of Two Kinds of Entangled Quantum Many-body Systems: In this paper, we show two kinds of entangled many body systems with special\nstatistic properties. Firstly, an entangled fermions system with a pairwise\nentanglement between every two particles in the lowest energy energy level\nobeys the fractional statistics. As a check, for particle number N=2, N=3 and\nN=4, considering that any two fermions in the lowest Landau level are entangled\nin a proper way, the Laughlin wave function can be derived. The results reveals\nthe explicit entanglement pattern of the Laughlin states. Secondly, we noticed\nthat both Bose-Einstein statistics and Fermi-Dirac distributions are derived\nfrom computing the partial function of a free quantum many body system in a\ncertain ensemble without considering entanglement. We extend the computation of\nthe partial function to an entangled quantum many body system without\ninteraction, in this system we assume that every particle in energy level\n$\\epsilon_i$ is entangled with a particle in the energy level $\\epsilon_{i+1}$\n($i=1,3,5,...$) and also every particle in energy level $\\epsilon_i+1$ is\nentangled with a particle in the energy level $\\epsilon_{i}$ ($i=1,3,5,...$),\nwhich indicates that the two energy level have the same number of particles. In\nthe entangled system, we find that the partial function will be changed. As a\nresults, both the Bose-Einstein Statics and the Fermi-Dirac distributions will\nbe modified at finite temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cleaning large correlation matrices: tools from random matrix theory: This review covers recent results concerning the estimation of large\ncovariance matrices using tools from Random Matrix Theory (RMT). We introduce\nseveral RMT methods and analytical techniques, such as the Replica formalism\nand Free Probability, with an emphasis on the Marchenko-Pastur equation that\nprovides information on the resolvent of multiplicatively corrupted noisy\nmatrices. Special care is devoted to the statistics of the eigenvectors of the\nempirical correlation matrix, which turn out to be crucial for many\napplications. We show in particular how these results can be used to build\nconsistent \"Rotationally Invariant\" estimators (RIE) for large correlation\nmatrices when there is no prior on the structure of the underlying process. The\nlast part of this review is dedicated to some real-world applications within\nfinancial markets as a case in point. We establish empirically the efficacy of\nthe RIE framework, which is found to be superior in this case to all previously\nproposed methods. The case of additively (rather than multiplicatively)\ncorrupted noisy matrices is also dealt with in a special Appendix. Several open\nproblems and interesting technical developments are discussed throughout the\npaper.",
        "positive": "Vortex crystallisation in classical field theory: We show that the formation of a vortex lattice in a weakly interacting Bose\ncondensed gas can be modeled with the nonlinear Schrodinger equation for both\nT=0 and finite temperatures without the need for an explicit damping term.\nApplying a weak rotating anisotropic harmonic potential we find numerically\nthat the turbulent dynamics of the field produces an effective dissipation of\nthe vortex motion and leads to the formation of a lattice. For T=0 this\nturbulent dynamics is triggered by an already known rotational dynamic\ninstability of the condensate. For finite temperatures, noise is present at the\nstart of the simulation and allows the formation of a vortex lattice at a lower\nrotation frequency, the Landau frequency. These two regimes have different\nvortex dynamics. We show that the multimode interpretation of the classical\nfield is essential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transitions in Parallel Replication Process: The one-dimensional kinetic contact process with parallel update is\nintroduced and studied by Monte Carlo simulations. This process is proposed to\ndescribe the plant population replication and epidemic disease spreading among\nthem. The phase diagram of the model features the line of the second order\ntransitions between absorbing and active phases. The numerical results for the\ncritical index beta demonstrate its continuous variation along the transition\nline accompanied by the variations of the structural characteristics of\nlimiting steady states. We conjecture the non-universality of the critical\nbehavior of the model.",
        "positive": "Gauge-Invariant Formulation of Fermi's Golden Rule: Application to\n  High-Field Transport in Semiconductors: A gauge-invariant formulation of Fermi's Golden rule is proposed. We shall\nrivisit the conventional description of carrier-phonon scattering in the\npresence of high electric fields by means of a gauge-invariant density-matrix\napproach. We show that the so-called Intracollisional Field Effect - as usually\naccounted for - does not exist: it is simply an artifact due to the neglect of\nthe time variation of the basis states which, in turn, leads to a ill-defined\nMarkov limit in the carrier-phonon interaction process. This may account for\nthe surprisingly good agreement between semiclassical and rigorous\nquantum-transport calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Gumbel distribution of current fluctuations in purple\n  membrane monolayers: We investigate the nature of a class of probability density functions, say\nG(a), with a the shape parameter, which generalizes the Gumbel distribution.\nThese functions appear in a model of charge transport, when applied to a\nmetal-insulator-metal structure, where the insulator is constituted by a\nmonolayer of bacteriorhodopsin. Current shows a sharp increase above about 3 V,\ninterpreted as the cross-over between direct and injection sequential-tunneling\nregimes.\n  In particular, we show that, changing the bias value, the probability density\nfunction changes its look from bimodal to unimodal. Actually, the bimodal\ndistributions can be resolved in at least a couple of $G(a)$ functions with\ndifferent values of the shape parameter.",
        "positive": "Generalized Thermodynamics of Phase Equilibria in Scalar Active Matter: Motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) arises generically in fluids of\nself-propelled particles when interactions lead to a kinetic slowdown at high\ndensities. Starting from a continuum description of scalar active matter, akin\nto a generalized Cahn-Hilliard equation, we give a general prescription for the\nmean densities of coexisting phases in flux-free steady states that amounts, at\na hydrodynamics scale, to extremizing an effective free energy. We illustrate\nour approach on two well-known models: self-propelled particles interacting\neither through a density-dependent propulsion speed or via direct pairwise\nforces. Our theory accounts quantitatively for their phase diagrams, providing\na unified description of MIPS."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-trivial effect of the in-plane shear elasticity on the phase\n  transitions of fixed-connectivity meshwork models: We numerically study the phase structure of two types of triangulated\nspherical surface models, which includes an in-plane shear energy in the\nHamiltonian, and we found that the phase structure of the models is\nconsiderably influenced by the presence of the in-plane shear elasticity. The\nmodels undergo a first-order collapsing transition and a first-order (or\nsecond-order) transition of surface fluctuations; the latter transition was\nreported to be of second-order in the first model without the in-plane shear\nenergy. This leads us to conclude that the in-plane elasticity strengthens the\ntransition of surface fluctuations. We also found that the in-plane elasticity\ndecreases the variety of phases in the second model without the in-plane\nenergy. The Hamiltonian of the first model is given by a linear combination of\nthe Gaussian bond potential, a one-dimensional bending energy, and the in-plane\nshear energy. The second model is obtained from the first model by replacing\nthe Gaussian bond potential with the Nambu-Goto potential, which is defined by\nthe summation over the area of triangles.",
        "positive": "System/environment duality of nonequilibrium observables: On networks representing probability currents between states of a system, we\ngeneralize Schnakenberg's theory of nonequilibrium observables to nonsteady\nstates, with the introduction of a new set of macroscopic observables that, for\nplanar graphs, are related by a duality. We apply this duality to the linear\nregime, obtaining a dual proposition for the minimum entropy production\nprinciple, and to discrete electromagnetism, finding that it exchanges fields\nwith sources. We interpret duality as reversing the role of system and\nenvironment, and discuss generalization to nonplanar graphs. The results are\nbased on two theorems regarding the representation of bilinear and quadratic\nforms over the edge vector space of an oriented graph in terms of observables\nassociated to cycles and cocycles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reentrant enhancement of quantum fluctuations for symmetric\n  environmental coupling: The `system-plus-reservoir' (SPR) model is the most common and effective\napproach to study quantum dissipative effects. Indeed, it makes quantization\npossible by considering the whole energy-conserving system, while the\nreservoir's degrees of freedom, assumed to be harmonic, can be `traced out' by\nthe path-integral technique, leading to a formulation that only includes the\nsystem of interest. In the standard SPR model the environment is only coupled\nwith the system's coordinate and turns out to quench its quantum fluctuations.\nHowever, there are physical systems coupled with an environment whose\n`coordinates' and `momenta' can be completely interchangeable (e.g., magnets),\nso an SPR coupling must symmetrically affect both canonical variables. In this\npaper such a general environmental coupling is studied in the case of a\nharmonic oscillator. It is found that quantum fluctuations are generally\nenhanced by environmental coupling, with an unexpected nonmonotonic behavior.\nThis leads one to speculate about the possibility that spin-lattice coupling\ncould drive the 2D Heisenberg antiferromagnet to reach its quantum-critical\npoint.",
        "positive": "Quantum transport equations for Bose systems taking into account\n  nonlinear hydrodynamic processes: Using the method of nonequilibrium statistical operator by Zubarev, an\napproach is proposed for the description of kinetics which takes into account\nthe nonlinear hydrodynamic fluctuations for a quantum Bose system.\nNon-equilibrium statistical operator is presented which consistently describes\nboth the kinetic and nonlinear hydrodynamic processes. Both a kinetic equation\nfor the nonequilibrium one-particle distribution function and a generalized\nFokker-Planck equation for nonequilibrium distribution function of hydrodynamic\nvariables (densities of momentum, energy and particle number) are obtained. A\nstructure function of hydrodynamic fluctuations in cumulant representation is\ncalculated, which makes it possible to analyse the generalized Fokker-Planck\nequation in Gaussian and higher approximations of the dynamic correlations of\nhydrodynamic variables which is important in describing the quantum turbulent\nprocesses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interacting Monomer-Dimer Model with Infinitely Many Absorbing States: We study a modified version of the interacting monomer-dimer (IMD) model that\nhas infinitely many absorbing (IMA) states. Unlike all other previously studied\nmodels with IMA states, the absorbing states can be divided into two equivalent\ngroups which are dynamically separated infinitely far apart. Monte Carlo\nsimulations show that this model belongs to the directed Ising universality\nclass like the ordinary IMD model with two equivalent absorbing states. This\nmodel is the first model with IMA states which does not belong to the directed\npercolation (DP) universality class. The DP universality class can be restored\nin two ways, i.e., by connecting the two equivalent groups dynamically or by\nintroducing a symmetry-breaking field between the two groups.",
        "positive": "Inherent Structure Entropy of Supercooled Liquids: We present a quantitative description of the thermodynamics in a supercooled\nbinary Lennard Jones liquid via the evaluation of the degeneracy of the\ninherent structures, i.e. of the number of potential energy basins in\nconfiguration space. We find that for supercooled states, the contribution of\nthe inherent structures to the free energy of the liquid almost completely\ndecouples from the vibrational contribution. An important byproduct of the\npresented analysis is the determination of the Kauzmann temperature for the\nstudied system. The resulting quantitative picture of the thermodynamics of the\ninherent structures offers new suggestions for the description of equilibrium\nand out-of-equilibrium slow-dynamics in liquids below the Mode-Coupling\ntemperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective Temperature in an Interacting, Externally Driven, Vertex\n  System: Theory and Experiment on Artificial Spin Ice: Frustrated arrays of interacting single-domain nanomagnets provide important\nmodel systems for statistical mechanics, because they map closely onto\nwell-studied vertex models and are amenable to direct imaging and custom\nengineering. Although these systems are manifestly athermal, we demonstrate\nthat the statistical properties of both hexagonal and square lattices can be\ndescribed by an effective temperature based on the magnetostatic energy of the\narrays. This temperature has predictive power for the moment configurations and\nis intimately related to how the moments are driven by an oscillating external\nfield.",
        "positive": "Comparative study of an Eden model for the irreversible growth of spins\n  and the equilibrium Ising model: The Magnetic Eden Model (MEM) with ferromagnetic interactions between\nnearest-neighbor spins is studied in $(d+1)-$dimensional rectangular geometries\nfor $d = 1,2$. In the MEM, magnetic clusters are grown by adding spins at the\nboundaries of the clusters. The orientation of the added spins depends on both\nthe energetic interaction with already deposited spins and the temperature,\nthrough a Boltzmann factor. A numerical Monte Carlo investigation of the MEM\nhas been performed and the results of the simulations have been analyzed using\nfinite-size scaling arguments. As in the case of the Ising model, the MEM in $d\n= 1 $ is non-critical (only exhibits an ordered phase at $T= 0$). In $d = 2$\nthe MEM exhibits an order-disorder transition of second-order at a finite\ntemperature. Such transition has been characterized in detail and the relevant\ncritical exponents have been determined. These exponents are in agreement\n(within error bars) with those of the Ising model in 2 dimensions. Further\nsimilarities between both models have been found by evaluating the probability\ndistribution of the order parameter, the magnetization and the susceptibility.\nResults obtained by means of extensive computer simulations allow us to put\nforward a conjecture which establishes a nontrivial correspondence between the\nMEM for the irreversible growth of spins and the equilibrium Ising model. This\nconjecture is certainly a theoretical challenge and its confirmation will\ncontribute to the development of a framework for the study of irreversible\ngrowth processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A nonextensive critical phenomenon scenario for quantum entanglement: We discuss the paradigmatic bipartite spin-1/2 system having the\nprobabilities $\\frac{1+3x}{4}$ of being in the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen fully\nentangled state $|\\Psi^-$$> \\equiv \\frac{1}{\\sqrt\n2}(|$$\\uparrow>_A|$$\\downarrow>_B$$-|$$\\downarrow>_A|$$\\uparrow>_B)$ and\n$\\frac{3(1-x)}{4}$ of being orthogonal. This system is known to be separable if\nand only if $x\\le1/3$ (Peres criterion). This critical value has been recently\nrecovered by Abe and Rajagopal through the use of the nonextensive entropic\nform $S_q \\equiv \\frac{1- Tr \\rho^q}{q-1} (q \\in \\cal{R}; $$S_1$$= -$ $Tr$ $\n\\rho \\ln \\rho)$ which has enabled a current generalization of Boltzmann-Gibbs\nstatistical mechanics. This result has been enrichened by Lloyd, Baranger and\none of the present authors by proposing a critical-phenomenon-like scenario for\nquantum entanglement. Here we further illustrate and discuss this scenario\nthrough the calculation of some relevant quantities.",
        "positive": "Simulating structural transitions by direct transition current sampling:\n  the example of LJ38: Reaction paths and probabilities are inferred, in a usual Monte Carlo or\nMolecular Dynamic simulation, directly from the evolution of the positions of\nthe particles. The process becomes time-consuming in many interesting cases in\nwhich the transition probabilities are small. A radically different approach\nconsists of setting up a computation scheme where the object whose time\nevolution is simulated is the transition current itself. The relevant timescale\nfor such a computation is the one needed for the transition probability rate to\nreach a stationary level, and this is usually substantially shorter than the\npassage time of an individual system. As an example, we show, in the context of\nthe `benchmark' case of 38 particles interacting via the Lennard-Jones\npotential (`LJ38' cluster), how this method may be used to explore the\nreactions that take place between different phases, recovering efficiently\nknown results and uncovering new ones with small computational effort."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic modelling of dynamical systems with several attractors: The usual Langevin approach to describe systems driven by noise fails to\ndescribe the long time behavior of systems with multiple attractors. The\nsolution of the associated linear Fokker-Planck equation is always unique, even\nthough it might show one or more maxima. In this context, it is customary to\ncall transitions to changes in the shape of the equilibrium distribution\nfunction and relate the maxima to the attractors. Some years ago, a theory was\ndeveloped for a system with interacting elements or subunits that, starting\nfrom the Langevin description of all the variables, leads to bifurcating\n\\textquotedblleft one-particle\\textquotedblright\\, distribution functions when\nthe number of elements tends to infinity. In this paper, a mean-field\nhypothesis has been used to deal with systems with a finite number of elements.\nWe carry out numerical simulations yielding bifurcation solutions for the\nprobability density of a collective variable. We also compare the results of\nthe mean-field hypothesis with those obtained with the Langevin approach for\nfinite systems.",
        "positive": "Asymmetric exclusion process and extremal statistics of random sequences: An exact mapping is established between sequence alignment, one of the most\ncommonly used tools of computational biology, and the asymmetric exclusion\nprocess, one of the few exactly solvable models of nonequilibrium physics. The\nstatistical significance of sequence alignments is characterized through\nstudying the total hopping current of the discrete time and space version of\nthe asymmetric exclusion process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mpemba effect in driven granular Maxwell gases: Mpemba effect refers to the counterintuitive result that, when quenched to a\nlow temperature, a system at higher temperature may equilibrate faster than one\nat intermediate temperatures. This effect has recently been demonstrated in\ndriven granular gases, both for smooth as well as rough hard-sphere systems\nbased on a perturbative analysis. In this paper, we consider the inelastic\ndriven Maxwell gas, a simplified model for a granular gas, where the rate of\ncollision is assumed to be independent of the relative velocity. Through an\nexact analysis, we determine the conditions under which a Mpemba effect is\npresent in this model. For mono-dispersed gases, we show that the Mpemba effect\nis present only when the initial states are allowed to be non-stationary, while\nfor bi-dispersed gases, it is present for steady state initial states. We also\ndemonstrate the existence of the strong Mpemba effect for bi-dispersed Maxwell\ngas wherein the system at higher temperature relaxes to a final steady state at\nan exponentially faster rate leading to smaller equilibration time.",
        "positive": "Full Current Statistics for a Disordered Open Exclusion Process: We consider the nonabelian sandpile model defined on directed trees by Ayyer,\nSchilling, Steinberg and Thi\\'ery (Commun. Math. Phys, 2013) and restrict it to\nthe special case of a one-dimensional lattice of $n$ sites which has open\nboundaries and disordered hopping rates. We focus on the joint distribution of\nthe integrated currents across each bond simultaneously, and calculate its\ncumulant generating function exactly. Surprisingly, the process conditioned on\nseeing specified currents across each bond turns out to be a renormalised\nversion of the same process. We also remark on a duality property of the large\ndeviation function. Lastly, all eigenvalues and both Perron eigenvectors of the\ntilted generator are determined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inhomogeneous Steady States of Diffusion-Limited Coalescence, A+A<-->A: We study the steady state of diffusion-limited coalescence, A+A<-->A, in the\npresence of a trap and with a background drift. In one dimension this model can\nbe analyzed exactly through the method of inter-particle distribution functions\n(IPDF). Because of the irreversible trap the steady state of the system is a\nnon-equilibrium state. An interesting phase transition, controlled by the drift\naway from the trap, takes place: from a non-trivial steady state, when the\ndrift is weak, to a trivial steady state (the vacuum), as the drift increases\nbeyond some critical point. Surprisingly, regardless of the drift strength, the\ncomputed IPDF resembles that of an homogeneous equilibrium system, without the\ntrap. We suggest that this is due to \"shielding\": the particle nearest to the\ntrap shields the remaining particles from the effects of the trap. Finally, we\ncompare the exact solution to that of a reaction-diffusion equation, and we\ndetermine the optimal values of the appropriate rate coefficients.",
        "positive": "Frenetic aspects of second order response: Starting from second order around thermal equilibrium, the response of a\nstatistical mechanical system to an external stimulus is not only governed by\ndissipation and depends explicitly on dynamical details of the system. The so\ncalled frenetic contribution in second order around equilibrium is illustrated\nin different physical examples, such as for non-thermodynamic aspects in the\ncoupling between system and reservoir, for the dependence on disorder in\ndielectric response and for the nonlinear correction to the\nSutherland--Einstein relation. More generally, the way in which a system's\ndynamical activity changes by the pertubation is visible (only) from nonlinear\nresponse."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic understanding of NMR signals by dynamic mean-field theory\n  for spins: A recently developed dynamic mean-field theory for disordered spins\n(spinDMFT) is shown to capture the spin dynamics of nuclear spins very well.\nThe key quantities are the spin autocorrelations. In order to compute the free\ninduction decay (FID), pair correlations are needed in addition. They can be\ncomputed on spin clusters of moderate size which are coupled to the dynamic\nmean fields determined in a first step by spinDMFT. We dub this versatile\napproach non-local spinDMFT (nl-spinDMFT). It is a particular asset of\nnl-spinDMFT that one knows from where the contributions to the FID stem. We\nillustrate the strengths of nl-spinDMFT in comparison to experimental data for\nCaF$_2$. Furthermore, spinDMFT provides the dynamic mean-fields explaining the\nFID of the nuclear spins in $^{13}$C in adamantane up to some static noise. The\nspin Hahn echo in adamantane is free from effects of static noise and agrees\nexcellently with the spinDMFT results without further fitting.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Loewner Evolution: Stochastic Loewner evolution also called Schramm Loewner evolution\n(abbreviated, SLE) is a rigorous tool in mathematics and statistical physics\nfor generating and studying scale invariant or fractal random curves in two\ndimensions. The method is based on the older deterministic Loewner evolution\nintroduced by Karl Loewner, who demonstrated that an arbitrary curve not\ncrossing itself can be generated by a real function by means of a conformal\ntransformation. In 2000 Oded Schramm extended this method and demonstrated that\ndriving the Loewner evolution by a one-dimensional Brownian motion, the curves\nin the complex plane become scale invariant; the fractal dimension turns out to\nbe determined by the strength of the Brownian motion. SLE fills a gap in our\nunderstanding of the critical properties of a variety of lattice models in\ntheir scaling limits and supplements the result obtained by means of conformal\nfield theory. In this paper we attempt to provide a simple and heuristic\ndiscussion of some of the important aspects of SLE."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply on Comments on Superstatistical properties of the one-dimensional\n  Dirac oscillator by Abdelmalek Boumali et al: This paper is a reply on the comments of Castanos-Yepes et al, on our paper\n\"Super Statistical properties of the one-dimensional Dirac oscillator\"\npublished in Physica A (2020)",
        "positive": "Transition to chaos in magnetized, weakly coupled plasmas: We report the results of numerical simulations for a model of a one component\nplasma (a system of N point electrons with mutual Coulomb interactions) in a\nuniform stationary magnetic field. We take N up to 512, with periodic boundary\nconditions, and macroscopic parameters corresponding to the weak coupling\nregime, with a coupling parameter \\Gamma=1/64. We find that a transition from\norder to chaos takes place when the density is increased or the field decreased\nso that the ratio \\omega_p/\\omega_c between plasma and cyclotron frequencies\nbecomes of order 1 (or equivalently the ratio r_L/\\lambda_D between Larmor\nradius and Debye length becomes of order 1). The result is in agreement with\nthe theoretical prediction obtained in [1], on the basis of an old estimate of\nIglesias, Lebowitz and MacGowan [2] for the intensity of the electric field\nacting on one electron and due to all the other ones. A comparison can be made\nwith the threshold obtained from kinetic theory arguments, which corresponds to\nthe condition \\nu_{ee}/\\omega_c=1, where \\nu_{ee} is the electron collision\nfrequency. The latter threshold has a completely different dependence on the\nphysical parameters and, for \\Gamma=1/64, gives a critical value of \\omega_p\nabout 80 times larger."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A New Look at Low--Temperature Anomalies in Glasses: We review a model--based rather than phenomenological approach to\nlow--temperature anomalies in glasses. Specifically, we present a solvable\nmodel inspired by spin--glass theory that exhibits both, a glassy\nlow--temperature phase, and a collection of double-- and single--well\nconfigurations in its potential energy landscape. The distribution of\nparameters characterizing the local potential energy configurations can be\ncomputed, and is found to differ from those assumed in the standard tunneling\nmodel and its variants. Still, low temperature anomalies characteristic of\namorphous materials are reproduced. More importantly perhaps, we obtain a clue\nto the universality issue. That is, we are able to distinguish between\nproperties which can be expected to be universal and those which cannot. Our\ntheory also predicts the existence, under suitable circumstances of amorphous\nphases without low--energy tunneling excitations.",
        "positive": "Driven 3D Ising Interface: its fluctuation, Devil's staircase, and\n  effect of interface geometry: Enchanting ripple pattern exist on interface, and manifest them self in it's\nfluctuation profile as well. These ripples apparently flow as the interface\nstruck with inhomogeneous externally driven field interface, moves fluctuating\nabout it on a rectangular 3D Ising system. Ripple structure and flow have\ntemporal periodicity, eventually with some modulation, and have signature of\ngeometry of field interface. Dramatic transitions occur in fluctuation profile\nas a function of dynamics and geometry of the force field interface and is\ndivided into two spatial regions : rippled and smooth. For the velocity we are\nconcerned with, the interface is pinned with field interface, and for arbitrary\norientations of the field profile local slope of the rippled part of the\ninterface gets locked in to a combination of few rational values (Devil's\nstaircase) which most closely approximate the profile, thereby generating\nspecular pattern of patches."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spontaneous symmetry breaking: variations on a theme: Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) is a widespread phenomenon in several\nareas of physics. In this paper I wish to illustrate some situations where\nspontaneous symmetry breaking presents non obvious aspects. The first example\nis taken from molecular physics and is related to the paradox of existence of\nchiral molecules. The second case refers to a Dirac field in presence of a\nmagnetic field. Gusynin, Miransky and Shovkovy have shown that\nNambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) models, where SSB of chiral symmetry takes place for\nthe nonlinear coupling over a certain threshold, in presence of a magnetic\nfield exhibit SSB for any value of the coupling. They called this phenomenon\nmagnetic catalysis. I will discuss this problem in 2 + 1 dimensions from an\noperatorial point of view and show that the basic phenomenon is a double\npairing induced by the magnetic field in the vacuum for any value of the mass.\nThis pairing provides the environment responsible for chiral symmetry breaking\nin NJL models with very weak nonlinearities. The third case illustrates briefly\nSSB in stationary nonequilibrium states and its possible relevance in natural\nphenomena.",
        "positive": "Liquid Polymorphism and Density Anomaly in a Lattice Gas Model: We present a simple model for an associating liquid in which polymorphism and\ndensity anomaly are connected. Our model combines a two dimensional lattice gas\nwith particles interacting through a soft core potential and orientational\ndegrees of freedom represented through thermal \\char`\\\"{}ice\nvariables\\char`\\\"{} . The competition between the directional attractive forces\nand the soft core potential leads to a phase diagram in which two liquid phases\nand a density anomaly are present. The coexistence line between the low density\nliquid and the high density liquid has a positive slope contradicting the\nsurmise that the presence of a density anomaly implies that the high density\nliquid is more entropic than the low density liquid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibration in one-dimensional quantum hydrodynamic systems: We study quench dynamics and equilibration in one-dimensional quantum\nhydrodynamics, which provides effective descriptions of the density and\nvelocity fields in gapless quantum gases. We show that the information content\nof the large time steady state is inherently connected to the presence of\nballistically moving localised excitations. When such excitations are present,\nthe system retains memory of initial correlations up to infinite times, thus\nevading decoherence. We demonstrate this connection in the context of the\nLuttinger model, the simplest quantum hydrodynamic model, and in the quantum\nKdV equation. In the standard Luttinger model, memory of all initial\ncorrelations is preserved throughout the time evolution up to infinitely large\ntimes, as a result of the purely ballistic dynamics. However nonlinear\ndispersion or interactions, when separately present, lead to spreading and\ndelocalisation that suppress the above effect by eliminating the memory of\nnon-Gaussian correlations. We show that, for any initial state that satisfies\nsufficient clustering of correlations, the steady state is Gaussian in terms of\nthe bosonised or fermionised fields in the dispersive or interacting case\nrespectively. On the other hand, when dispersion and interaction are\nsimultaneously present, a semiclassical approximation suggests that\nlocalisation is restored as the two effects compensate each other and solitary\nwaves are formed. Solitary waves, or simply solitons, are experimentally\nobserved in quantum gases and theoretically predicted based on semiclassical\napproaches, but the question of their stability at the quantum level remains to\na large extent an open problem. We give a general overview on the subject and\ndiscuss the relevance of our findings to general out of equilibrium problems.",
        "positive": "Boundary effects in superfluid films: We have studied the superfluid density and the specific heat of the XY model\non lattices L x L x H with L >> H (i.e. on lattices representing a film\ngeometry) using the Cluster Monte Carlo method. In the H-direction we applied\nstaggered boundary conditions so that the order parameter on the top and bottom\nlayers is zero, whereas periodic boundary conditions were applied in the\nL-directions. We find that the system exhibits a Kosterlitz-Thouless phase\ntransition at the H-dependent temperature T_{c}^{2D} below the critical\ntemperature T_{\\lambda} of the bulk system. However, right at the critical\ntemperature the ratio of the areal superfluid density to the critical\ntemperature is H-dependent in the range of film thicknesses considered here. We\ndo not find satisfactory finite-size scaling of the superfluid density with\nrespect to H for the sizes of H studied. However, our numerical results can be\ncollapsed onto a single curve by introducing an effective thickness H_{eff} = H\n+ D (where D is a constant) into the corresponding scaling relations. We argue\nthat the effective thickness depends on the type of boundary conditions.\nScaling of the specific heat does not require an effective thickness (within\nerror bars) and we find good agreement between the scaling function f_{1}\ncalculated from our Monte Carlo results, f_{1} calculated by renormalization\ngroup methods, and the experimentally determined function f_1."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Darwinian Selection and Non-existence of Nash Equilibria: We study selection acting on phenotype in a collection of agents playing\nlocal games lacking Nash equilibria. After each cycle one of the agents losing\nmost games is replaced by a new agent with new random strategy and game\npartner. The network generated can be considered critical in the sense that the\nlifetimes of the agents is power law distributed. The longest surviving agents\nare those with the lowest absolute score per time step. The emergent ecology is\ncharacterized by a broad range of behaviors. Nevertheless, the agents tend to\nbe similar to their opponents in terms of performance.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions above the upper critical dimension: These lecture notes provide an overview of the renormalization group (RG) as\na successful framework to understand critical phenomena above the upper\ncritical dimension $d_{\\rm uc}$. After an introduction to the scaling picture\nof continuous phase transitions, we discuss the apparent failure of the\nGaussian fixed point to capture scaling for Landau mean-field theory, which\nshould hold in the thermodynamic limit above $d_{\\rm uc}$. We recount how\nFisher's dangerous-irrelevant-variable formalism applied to thermodynamic\nfunctions partially repairs the situation but at the expense of hyperscaling\nand finite-size scaling, both of which were, until recently, believed not to\napply above $d_{\\rm uc}$. We recall limitations of various attempts to match\nthe RG with analytical and numerical results for Ising systems. We explain how\nthe extension of dangerous irrelevancy to the correlation sector is key to\nmarrying the above concepts into a comprehensive RG scaling picture that\nrenders hyperscaling and finite-size scaling valid in all dimensions. We\ncollect what we believe is the current status of the theory, including some new\ninsights and results. This paper is in grateful memory of Michael Fisher who\nintroduced many of the concepts discussed and who, half a century later,\ncontributed to their advancement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Laplace pressure as a surface stress in fluid vesicles: Consider a surface, enclosing a fixed volume, described by a free-energy\ndepending only on the local geometry; for example, the Canham-Helfrich energy\nquadratic in the mean curvature describes a fluid membrane. The stress at any\npoint on the surface is determined completely by geometry. In equilibrium, its\ndivergence is proportional to the Laplace pressure, normal to the surface,\nmaintaining the constraint on the volume. It is shown that this source itself\ncan be expressed as the divergence of a position-dependent surface stress. As a\nconsequence, the equilibrium can be described in terms of a conserved\n`effective' surface stress. Various non-trivial geometrical consequences of\nthis identification are explored. In a cylindrical geometry, the cross-section\ncan be viewed as a closed planar Euler elastic curve. With respect to an\nappropriate centre the effective stress itself vanishes; this provides a\nremarkably simple relationship between the curvature and the position along the\nloop. In two or higher dimensions, it is shown that the only geometry\nconsistent with the vanishing of the effective stress is spherical. It is\nargued that the appropriate generalization of the loop result will involve\n`null' stresses.",
        "positive": "Emerging magnetic nutation: Nutation has been recognized as of great significance for spintronics; but\njustifying its presence has proven to be a hard problem. In this paper we show\nthat nutation can be understood as emerging from a systematic expansion of a\nkernel that describes the history of the interaction of a magnetic moment with\na bath of colored noise. The parameter of the expansion is the ratio of the\ncolored noise timescale to the precession period. In the process we obtain the\nGilbert damping from the same expansion. We recover the known results, when the\ncoefficients of the two terms are proportional to one another, in the white\nnoise limit; and show how colored noise leads to situations where this simple\nrelation breaks down, but what replaces it can be understood by the appropriate\ngeneralization of the fluctuation--dissipation theorem. Numerical simulations\nof the stochastic equations support the analytic approach. In particular we\nfind that the equilibration time is about an order of magnitude longer than the\ntimescale set by the colored noise for a wide range of values of the latter and\nwe can identify the presence of nutation in the non-uniform way the\nmagnetization approaches equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Continuous time random walk for open systems: Fluctuation theorems and\n  counting statistics: We consider continuous time random walks (CTRW) for open systems that\nexchange energy and matter with multiple reservoirs. Each waiting time\ndistribution (WTD) for times between steps is characterized by a positive\nparameter a, which is set to a=1 if it decays at least as fast as t^{-2} at\nlong times and therefore has a finite first moment. A WTD with a<1 decays as\nt^{-a-1}. A fluctuation theorem for the trajectory quantity R, defined as the\nlogarithm of the ratio of the probability of a trajectory and the probability\nof the time reversed trajectory, holds for any CTRW. However, R can be\nidentified as a trajectory entropy change only if the WTDs have a=1 and satisfy\nseparability (also called \"direction time independence\"). For nonseparable WTDs\nwith a=1, R can only be identified as a trajectory entropy change at long\ntimes, and a fluctuation theorem for the entropy change then only holds at long\ntimes. For WTDs with 0<a<1 no meaningful fluctuation theorem can be derived. We\nalso show that the (experimentally accessible) n'th moments of the energy and\nmatter transfers between the system and a given reservoir grow as t^{n a} at\nlong times.",
        "positive": "Equivalent Ensembles, Turbulence and Fluctuation Theorem: Stationary states of Navier-Stokes fluids have been proposed to be described\nequivalently by several alternative equations, besides the NS equation itself.\nIn particular equivalence between the NS evolution and a reversible. It is\nnatural to test whether, assuming the Chaotic Hypothesis, the Fluctuation\nTheorem can be applied to the reversible flows. Here an example is provided\nwhich also leads to the possibility of testing the prediction of the\nfluctuation theorem even in systems evolving irreversibly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variation along liquid isomorphs of the driving force for\n  crystallization: We investigate the variation of the driving force for crystallization of a\nsupercooled liquid along isomorphs, curves along which structure and dynamics\nare invariant. The variation is weak, and can be predicted accurately for the\nLennard-Jones fluid using a recently developed formalism and data at a\nreference temperature. More general analysis allows interpretation of\nexperimental data for molecular liquids such as dimethyl phthalate and\nindomethacin, and suggests that the isomorph scaling exponent $\\gamma$ in these\ncases is an increasing function of density, although this cannot be seen in\nmeasurements of viscosity or relaxation time.",
        "positive": "Density of kinks after a sudden quench in the quantum Ising spin chain: We investigate the time evolution of the density of kinks in the spin-1/2\nquantum Ising spin chain after a sudden quench in the transverse field\nstrength, and find that it relaxes to a value which depends on the initial and\nthe final values of the transverse field, with an oscillating power-law decay.\nWe provide analytical estimates of the long-time behavior and of the asymptotic\nvalue reached after complete relaxation, and discuss the role of quantum\ncriticality in the quench dynamics. We show that, for a dynamics at the\ncritical point, the residual density of kinks after the quench can be described\nby equilibrium statistical mechanics at a finite temperature dictated by the\nenergy of the state after the quench. On the other hand, outside of criticality\nit does not exhibit thermalization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Lieb-Liniger model in the infinite coupling constant limit: We consider the one-dimensional Lieb-Liniger model (bosons interacting via\n2-body delta potentials) in the infinite coupling constant limit (the so-called\nTonks-Girardeau model). This model might be relevant as a description of atomic\nBose gases confined in a one-dimensional geometry. It is known to have a\nfermionic spectrum since the N-body wavefunctions have to vanish at coinciding\npoints, and therefore be symmetrizations of fermionic Slater wavefunctions. We\nargue that in the infinite coupling constant limit the model is\nindistinguishable from free fermions, i.e., all physically accessible\nobservables are the same as those of free fermions. Therefore, Bose-Einstein\ncondensate experiments at finite energy that preserve the one-dimensional\ngeometry cannot test any bosonic characteristic of such a model.",
        "positive": "How to generate and measure anomalous weakly non-ergodic Brownian motion\n  in simple systems: It is shown that in systems with time-dependent and/or spatially nonuniform\ntemperature $T(t,x)$, (i) most of the transport processes is weakly\nnon-ergodic, and (ii) the diffusion (Brownian motion, BM) is anomalous. A few\nexamples of simple arrangements, easy for experimental realization, are\ndiscussed in detail. Proposed measurements will enable also the observation of\ntransitions from ergodic to weakly non-ergodic and from normal to anomalous\ndiffusion. New effects are predicted: (i) zero-mean oscillations of $T(t)$\naccelerate BM (pumping effect), (ii) the combination of temporal and spatial\nvariations of temperature may lead to superballistic BM, (iii) linear gradients\nof $T(x)$ result in an exponential acceleration of BM. One can expect similar\neffects in inflationary systems with time-dependent metrics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "More Accurate Theory for Bose-Einstein Condensation Fraction: In the thermodynamic limit the ratio of system size to thermal de Broglie\nwavelength tends to infinity and the volume per particle of the system is\nconstant. Our familiar Bose-Einstein statistics is absolutely valid in the\nthermodynamic limit. For finite thermodynamical system this ratio as well as\nthe number of particles is much greater than 1. However, according to the\nexperimental setup of Bose-Einstein condensation of harmonically trapped Bose\ngas of alkali atoms this ratio near the condensation temperature($T_c$)\ntypically is $\\sim 32$ and at ultralow temperatures well below $T_c$ a large\nfraction of particles come down to the single particle ground state, and this\nratio becomes comparable to 1. We justify the finite size as well as ultralow\ntemperature correction to Bose-Einstein statistics. From this corrected\nstatistics we plot condensation fraction versus temperature graph. This\ntheoretical plot satisfies well with the experimental plot(A. Griesmaier et\nal..,Phys.Rev.Lett. {\\bf{{94}}}{(2005){160401}}).",
        "positive": "Exact description of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases of an Ising\n  model on a third-order Cayley tree: In this paper we analytically study the recurrence equations of an Ising\nmodel with three competing interactions on a Cayley tree of order three. We\nexactly describe paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases of the Ising model. We\nobtain some rigorous results: critical temperatures and curves, number of\nphases, partition function. Ganikhodjaev et al. [J. Concrete and Applicable\nMathematics, 9 (1), 26-34 (2011)] have numerically studied the Ising model on a\nsecond-order Cayley tree. We compare the numerical results to exact solutions\nof mentioned model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Invariants of motion with stochastic resetting and space-time coupled\n  returns: Motion under stochastic resetting serves to model a myriad of processes in\nphysics and beyond, but in most cases studied to date resetting to the origin\nwas assumed to take zero time or a time decoupled from the spatial position at\nthe resetting moment. However, in our world, getting from one place to another\nalways takes time and places that are further away take more time to be\nreached. We thus set off to extend the theory of stochastic resetting such that\nit would account for this inherent spatio-temporal coupling. We consider a\nparticle that starts at the origin and follows a certain law of stochastic\nmotion until it is interrupted at some random time. The particle then returns\nto the origin via a prescribed protocol. We study this model and surprisingly\ndiscover that the shape of the steady-state distribution which governs the\nstochastic motion phase does not depend on the return protocol. This shape\ninvariance then gives rise to a simple, and generic, recipe for the computation\nof the full steady-state distribution. Several case studies are analyzed and a\nclass of processes whose steady-state is completely invariant with respect to\nthe speed of return is highlighted. For processes in this class we recover the\nsame steady-state obtained for resetting with instantaneous\nreturns---irrespective of whether the actual return speed is high or low. Our\nwork significantly extends previous results on motion with stochastic resetting\nand is expected to find various applications in statistical, chemical, and\nbiological physics.",
        "positive": "Global exploration of phase behavior in frustrated Ising models using\n  unsupervised learning techniques: We apply a set of machine-learning (ML) techniques for the global exploration\nof the phase diagrams of two frustrated 2D Ising models with competing\ninteractions. Based on raw Monte Carlo spin configurations generated for random\nsystem parameters, we apply principal-component analysis (PCA) and\nauto-encoders to achieve dimensionality reduction, followed by clustering using\nthe DBSCAN method and a support-vector machine classifier to construct the\ntransition lines between the distinct phases in both models. The results are in\nvery good agreement with available exact solutions, with the auto-encoders\nleading to quantitatively superior estimates, even for a data set containing\nonly 1400 spin configurations. In addition, the results suggest the existence\nof a relationship between the structure of the optimized auto-encoder latent\nspace and physical characteristics of both systems. This indicates that the\nemployed approach can be useful in perceiving fundamental properties of\nphysical systems in situations where \\emph{a priori} theoretical insight is\nunavailable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonextensive statistical mechanics and complex scale-free networks: One explanation for the impressive recent boom in network theory might be\nthat it provides a promising tool for an understanding of complex systems.\nNetwork theory is mainly focusing on discrete large-scale topological\nstructures rather than on microscopic details of interactions of its elements.\nThis viewpoint allows to naturally treat collective phenomena which are often\nan integral part of complex systems, such as biological or socio-economical\nphenomena. Much of the attraction of network theory arises from the discovery\nthat many networks, natural or man-made, seem to exhibit some sort of\nuniversality, meaning that most of them belong to one of three classes: {\\it\nrandom}, {\\it scale-free} and {\\it small-world} networks. Maybe most important\nhowever for the physics community is, that due to its conceptually intuitive\nnature, network theory seems to be within reach of a full and coherent\nunderstanding from first principles ...",
        "positive": "Duality Relations for the Classical Ground States of Soft-Matter Systems: Bounded interactions are particularly important in soft-matter systems, such\nas colloids, microemulsions, and polymers. We derive new duality relations for\na class of soft potentials, including three-body and higher-order functions,\nthat can be applied to ordered and disordered classical ground states. These\nduality relations link the energy of configurations associated with a\nreal-space potential to the corresponding energy of the dual\n(Fourier-transformed) potential. We apply the duality relations by\ndemonstrating how information about the classical ground states of short-ranged\npotentials can be used to draw new conclusions about the ground states of\nlong-ranged potentials and vice versa. The duality relations also lead to\nbounds on the T=0 system energies in density intervals of phase coexistence.\nAdditionally, we identify classes of \"self-similar\" potentials, for which one\ncan relate low- and high-density ground-state energies. We analyze the ground\nstate configurations and thermodynamic properties of a one-dimensional system\npreviously thought to exhibit an infinite number of structural phase\ntransitions and comment on the known ground states of purely repulsive\nmonotonic potentials in the context of our duality relations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The critical exponents of the superfluid transition in He4: We improve the theoretical estimates of the critical exponents for the\nthree-dimensional XY universality class, which apply to the superfluid\ntransition in He4 along the lambda-line of its phase diagram. We obtain the\nestimates alpha=-0.0151(3), nu=0.6717(1), eta=0.0381(2), gamma=1.3178(2),\nbeta=0.3486(1), and delta=4.780(1). Our results are obtained by finite-size\nscaling analyses of high-statistics Monte Carlo simulations up to lattice size\nL=128 and resummations of 22nd-order high-temperature expansions of two\nimproved models with suppressed leading scaling corrections. We note that our\nresult for the specific-heat exponent alpha disagrees with the most recent\nexperimental estimate alpha=-0.0127(3) at the superfluid transition of He4 in\nmicrogravity environment.",
        "positive": "Dissipative Particle Dynamics with Energy Conservation: Heat Conduction: We study by means of numerical simulations the model of dissipative particle\ndynamics with energy conservation for the simple case of thermal conduction. It\nis shown that the model displays correct equilibrium fluctuations and\nreproduces Fourier law. The connection between \"mesoscopic coarse graining\" and\n\"resolution\" is clarified."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact asymptotic expansion for the resistance between center node and a\n  node on the cobweb network boundary: We analyze the resistance between two notes in a cobweb network of resistors.\nBased on an exact expression, we derive the asymptotic expansions for the\nresistance between the center node and a node on the boundary of the M by N\ncobweb network of resistors with resistors r and s in the two spatial\ndirections. All coefficients in this expansion are expressed through analytical\nfunctions.",
        "positive": "Bounds on the Complex Zeros of (Di)Chromatic Polynomials and Potts-Model\n  Partition Functions: I show that there exist universal constants $C(r) < \\infty$ such that, for\nall loopless graphs $G$ of maximum degree $\\le r$, the zeros (real or complex)\nof the chromatic polynomial $P_G(q)$ lie in the disc $|q| < C(r)$. Furthermore,\n$C(r) \\le 7.963906... r$. This result is a corollary of a more general result\non the zeros of the Potts-model partition function $Z_G(q, {v_e})$ in the\ncomplex antiferromagnetic regime $|1 + v_e| \\le 1$. The proof is based on a\ntransformation of the Whitney-Tutte-Fortuin-Kasteleyn representation of $Z_G(q,\n{v_e})$ to a polymer gas, followed by verification of the\nDobrushin-Koteck\\'y-Preiss condition for nonvanishing of a polymer-model\npartition function. I also show that, for all loopless graphs $G$ of\nsecond-largest degree $\\le r$, the zeros of $P_G(q)$ lie in the disc $|q| <\nC(r) + 1$. Along the way, I give a simple proof of a generalized (multivariate)\nBrown-Colbourn conjecture on the zeros of the reliability polynomial for the\nspecial case of series-parallel graphs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the existence of functionals for the mean values of observables: The aim of this work is to study the existence of mean values of observables\nfor infinite-particle systems. Using solutions of the initial value problems to\nthe BBGKY hierarchy and to its dual, we prove the local, in time, existence of\nthe mean value functionals in the cases where either observables or states vary\nin time. We also discuss problems on the existence of such functionals for\nseveral different classes of observables and for an arbitrary time interval.",
        "positive": "Criticality and correlated dynamics at the irreversibility transition in\n  periodically driven colloidal suspensions: One possible framework to interpret the irreversibility transition observed\nin periodically driven colloidal suspensions is that of a non-equilibrium phase\ntransition towards an absorbing reversible state at low amplitude of the\ndriving force. We consider a simple numerical model for driven suspensions\nwhich allows us to characterize in great detail a large body of physical\nobservables that can be experimentally determined to assess the existence and\nuniversality class of such a non-equilibrium phase transition. Characterizing\nthe behaviour of static and dynamic correlation functions both in real and\nFourier space we determine in particular several critical exponents for our\nmodel, which take values that are in good agreement with the universality class\nof direct ed percolation. We also provide a detailed analysis of\nsingle-particle and collective dynamics of the system near the phase\ntransition, which appear intermittent and spatially correlated over diverging\ntimescales and lengthscales, and provide clear signatures of the underlying\ncriticality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hierarchy of the low-lying excitations for the $(2+1)$-dimensional $q=3$\n  Potts model in the ordered phase: The $(2+1)$-dimensional $q=3$ Potts model was simulated with the exact\ndiagonalization method. In the ordered phase, the elementary excitations\n(magnons) are attractive, forming a series of bound states in the low-energy\nspectrum. We investigate the low-lying spectrum through a dynamical\nsusceptibility, which is readily tractable with the exact diagonalization\nmethod via the continued-fraction expansion. As a result, we estimate the\nseries of (scaled) mass gaps, $m_{2,3,4}/m_1$ ($m_1$: single-magnon mass), in\nproximity to the transition point.",
        "positive": "Shock statistics in higher-dimensional Burgers turbulence: We conjecture the exact shock statistics in the inviscid decaying Burgers\nequation in D>1 dimensions, with a special class of correlated initial\nvelocities, which reduce to Brownian for D=1. The prediction is based on a\nfield-theory argument, and receives support from our numerical calculations. We\nfind that, along any given direction, shocks sizes and locations are\nuncorrelated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamically order-disorder transition in triangular lattice driven by a\n  time dependent magnetic field: We have elucidated the dynamic phase transition features and finite-size\nscaling analysis of the triangular lattice system under the presence of a\nsquare-wave magnetic field. It has been found that as the value of half-period\nof the external field reaches its critical value, whose location is estimated\nby means of Binder cumulant, the system presents a dynamic phase transition\nbetween dynamically ordered and disordered phases. Moreover, at the dynamic\nphase transition point, finite-size scaling of the Monte Carlo results for the\ndynamic order parameter and susceptibility give the critical exponents\n$\\beta/\\nu=0.143\\pm0.004$ and $\\gamma/\\nu=1.766\\pm0.036$, respectively. The\nobtained critical exponents show that present magnetic system belongs to same\nuniversality class with the two-dimensional equilibrium Ising model.",
        "positive": "Algebraic Theory of Patterns as Generalized Symmetries: We generalize the exact predictive regularity of symmetry groups to give an\nalgebraic theory of patterns, building from a core principle of future\nequivalence. For topological patterns in fully-discrete one-dimensional\nsystems, future equivalence uniquely specifies a minimal semiautomaton. We\ndemonstrate how the latter and its semigroup algebra generalizes translation\nsymmetry to partial and hidden symmetries. This generalization is not as\nstraightforward as previously considered. Here, though, we clarify the\nunderlying challenges. A stochastic form of future equivalence, known as\npredictive equivalence, captures distinct statistical patterns supported on\ntopological patterns. Finally, we show how local versions of future equivalence\ncan be used to capture patterns in spacetime. As common when moving to higher\ndimensions, there is not a unique local approach, and we detail two local\nrepresentations that capture different aspects of spacetime patterns. A\npreviously-developed local spacetime variant of future equivalence captures\npatterns as generalized symmetries in higher dimensions, but we show this\nrepresentation is not a faithful generator of its spacetime patterns. This\nmotivates us to introduce a local representation that is a faithful generator,\nbut we demonstrate that it no longer captures generalized spacetime symmetries.\nTaken altogether, building on future equivalence, the theory defines and\nquantifies patterns present in a wide range of classical field theories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ultrasonic waves in classical gases: The velocity and absorption coefficient for the plane sound waves in a\nclassical gas are obtained by solving the Boltzmann kinetic equation, which\ndescribes the reaction of the single-particle distribution function to a\nperiodic external field. Within the linear response theory, the nonperturbative\ndispersion equation valid for all sound frequencies is derived and solved\nnumerically. The results are in agreement with the approximate analytical\nsolutions found for both the frequent- and rare-collision regimes.",
        "positive": "An Out-of-Equilibrium 1D Particle System Undergoing Perfectly Plastic\n  Collisions: At time zero, there are $N$ identical point particles in the line (1D) which\nare characterized by their positions and velocities. Both values are given\nrandomly and independently from each other, with arbitrary probability\ndensities. Each particle evolves at constant velocity until eventually they\nmeet. When this happens, a perfectly-plastic collision is produced, resulting\nin a new particle composed by the sum of their masses and the weighted average\nvelocity.The merged particles evolve indistinguishably from the non-merged\nones, i.e. they move at constant velocity until a new plastic collision\neventually happens. As in any open system, the particles are not confined to\nany region or reservoir, so as time progresses, they go on to infinity. From\nthis non-equilibrium process, the number of (now, non-identical) final\nparticles, $\\tilde{X}_N$, the distribution of masses of these final particles\nand the kinetic energy loss from all plastic collisions, is studied.\nCounterintuitively, the way to achieve the number of final particles and each\nof their masses does not need to rely on evolving the particle system; this\nresult can be obtained by simply considering the initial conditions. Moreover,\nthey can also be used to obtain an accurate approximation of the energy loss.\nFinally, I will also present strong evidence for the validity of the following\nconjecture: $\\langle \\tilde{X}_N \\rangle=\\sum_{k=1}^{N} \\frac{1}{k}$ (which\nbehaves as $log(N)+\\gamma$ for large $N$), additionally an explicit expression\nfor the variance will also be given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spiral Model: a cellular automaton with a discontinuous glass transition: We introduce a new class of two-dimensional cellular automata with a\nbootstrap percolation-like dynamics. Each site can be either empty or occupied\nby a single particle and the dynamics follows a deterministic updating rule at\ndiscrete times which allows only emptying sites. We prove that the threshold\ndensity $\\rho_c$ for convergence to a completely empty configuration is non\ntrivial, $0<\\rho_c<1$, contrary to standard bootstrap percolation. Furthermore\nwe prove that in the subcritical regime, $\\rho<\\rho_c$, emptying always occurs\nexponentially fast and that $\\rho_c$ coincides with the critical density for\ntwo-dimensional oriented site percolation on $\\bZ^2$. This is known to occur\nalso for some cellular automata with oriented rules for which the transition is\ncontinuous in the value of the asymptotic density and the crossover length\ndetermining finite size effects diverges as a power law when the critical\ndensity is approached from below. Instead for our model we prove that the\ntransition is {\\it discontinuous} and at the same time the crossover length\ndiverges {\\it faster than any power law}. The proofs of the discontinuity and\nthe lower bound on the crossover length use a conjecture on the critical\nbehaviour for oriented percolation. The latter is supported by several\nnumerical simulations and by analytical (though non rigorous) works through\nrenormalization techniques. Finally, we will discuss why, due to the peculiar\n{\\it mixed critical/first order character} of this transition, the model is\nparticularly relevant to study glassy and jamming transitions. Indeed, we will\nshow that it leads to a dynamical glass transition for a Kinetically\nConstrained Spin Model. Most of the results that we present are the rigorous\nproofs of physical arguments developed in a joint work with D.S.Fisher.",
        "positive": "Combination of random-barrier and random-trap models: The temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient of particles is\nstudied on lattices with disorder. A model is investigated with both trap and\nbarrier disorder that was introduced before by Limoge and Bocquet (1990 Phys.\nRev. Lett. (65) 60) to explain an Arrhenian temperature-dependence of the\ndiffusion coefficient in amorphous substances. We have used a generalized\neffective-medium approximation (EMA) by introducing weighted transition rates\nas inferred from an exact expression for the diffusion coefficient in\none-dimensional disordered chains. Monte Carlo simulations were made to check\nthe validity of the approximations. Approximate Arrhenian behavior can be\nachieved in finite temperature intervals in three- and higher-dimensional\nlattices by adjusting the relative strengths of the barrier and trap disorder.\nExact Arrhenian behavior of the diffusion coefficient can only be obtained in\ninfinite dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Brownian gyrator: a minimal heat engine on the nano-scale: A Brownian particle moving in the vicinity of a generic potential minimum\nunder the influence of dissipation and thermal noise from two different heat\nbaths is shown to act as a minimal heat engine, generating a systematic torque\nonto the physical object at the origin of the potential and an opposite torque\nonto the medium generating the dissipation.",
        "positive": "Adaptive Cluster Expansion for Ising spin models: We propose an algorithm to obtain numerically approximate solutions of the\ndirect Ising problem, that is, to compute the free energy and the equilibrium\nobservables of spin systems with arbitrary two-spin interactions. To this\npurpose we use the Adaptive Cluster Expansion method, originally developed to\nsolve the inverse Ising problem, that is, to infer the interactions from the\nequilibrium correlations. The method consists in iteratively constructing and\nselecting clusters of spins, computing their contributions to the free energy\nand discarding clusters whose contribution is lower than a fixed threshold. The\nproperties of the cluster expansion and its performance are studied in detail\non one dimensional, two dimensional, random and fully connected graphs with\nhomogeneous or heterogeneous fields and couplings. We discuss the differences\nbetween different representations (Boolean and Ising) of the spin variables."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Scaling Relation for Dangerously Irrelevant Symmetry-Breaking Fields: We propose a scaling relation for critical phenomena in which a\nsymmetry-breaking field is dengerously irrelevant. We confirm its validity on\nthe 6-state clock model in three and four dimensions by numerical simulation.\nIn doing so, we point out the problem in the previously-used order parameter,\nand present an alternative evidence based on the mass-dependent fluctuation.",
        "positive": "Monte-Carlo simulations of the clean and disordered contact process in\n  three dimensions: The absorbing-state transition in the three-dimensional contact process with\nand without quenched randomness is investigated by means of Monte-Carlo\nsimulations. In the clean case, a reweighting technique is combined with a\ncareful extrapolation of the data to infinite time to determine with high\naccuracy the critical behavior in the three-dimensional directed percolation\nuniversality class. In the presence of quenched spatial disorder, our data\ndemonstrate that the absorbing-state transition is governed by an\nunconventional infinite-randomness critical point featuring activated dynamical\nscaling. The critical behavior of this transition does not depend on the\ndisorder strength, i.e., it is universal. Close to the disordered critical\npoint, the dynamics is characterized by the nonuniversal power laws typical of\na Griffiths phase. We compare our findings to the results of other numerical\nmethods, and we relate them to a general classification of phase transitions in\ndisordered systems based on the rare region dimensionality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Many-body localization and thermalization in the full probability\n  distribution function of observables: We investigate the relation between thermalization following a quantum quench\nand many-body localization in quasiparticle space in terms of the long-time\nfull distribution function of physical observables. In particular, expanding on\nour recent work [E. Canovi {\\em et al.}, Phys. Rev. B {\\bf 83}, 094431 (2011)],\nwe focus on the long-time behavior of an integrable XXZ chain subject to an\nintegrability-breaking perturbation. After a characterization of the breaking\nof integrability and the associated localization/delocalization transition\nusing the level spacing statistics and the properties of the eigenstates, we\nstudy the effect of integrability-breaking on the asymptotic state after a\nquantum quench of the anisotropy parameter, looking at the behavior of the full\nprobability distribution of the transverse and longitudinal magnetization of a\nsubsystem. We compare the resulting distributions with those obtained in\nequilibrium at an effective temperature set by the initial energy. We find\nthat, while the long time distribution functions appear to always agree {\\it\nqualitatively} with the equilibrium ones, {\\it quantitative} agreement is\nobtained only when integrability is fully broken and the relevant eigenstates\nare diffusive in quasi-particle space.",
        "positive": "Microscopic realization of cross-correlated noise processes: We present a microscopic theory of cross-correlated noise processes, starting\nfrom a Hamiltonian system-reservoir description. In the proposed model, the\nsystem is nonlinearly coupled to a reservoir composed of harmonic oscillators,\nwhich in turn is driven by an external fluctuating force. We show that the\nresultant Langevin equation derived from the composite system\n(system+reservoir+external modulation) contains the essential features of\ncross-correlated noise processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nature of the global fluctuations in the spherical model at criticality: We study the universal nature of global fluctuations in the critical regime\nof the spherical model by evaluating the exact distribution of the\nmagnetization and its absolute value in the thermodynamical limit, in the\npresence of a conjugate field. We show that the probability distribution\nfunction for this model is described by non-Gaussian asymptotics and\nnon-symmetric characteristics which depend on the dimension of the system\n2<d<4. Relation with extreme statistics of independent wavelength modes is\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Entropy of fully packed hard rigid rods on $d$-dimensional hyper-cubic\n  lattices: We determine the asymptotic behavior of the entropy of full coverings of a $L\n\\times M$ square lattice by rods of size $k\\times 1$ and $1\\times k$, in the\nlimit of large $k$. We show that full coverage is possible only if at least one\nof $L$ and $M$ is a multiple of $k$, and that all allowed configurations can be\nreached from a standard configuration of all rods being parallel, using only\nbasic flip moves that replace a $k \\times k$ square of parallel horizontal rods\nby vertical rods, and vice versa. In the limit of large $k$, we show that the\nentropy per site $S_2(k)$ tends to $ A k^{-2} \\ln k$, with $A=1$. We\nconjecture, based on a perturbative series expansion, that this large-$k$\nbehavior of entropy per site is super-universal and continues to hold on all\n$d$-dimensional hyper-cubic lattices, with $d \\geq 2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase-Induced (In)-Stability in Coupled Parametric Oscillators: We report results on a model of two coupled oscillators that undergo periodic\nparametric modulations with a phase difference $\\theta$. Being to a large\nextent analytically solvable, the model reveals a rich $\\theta$ dependence of\nthe regions of parametric resonance. In particular, the intuitive notion that\nanti-phase modulations are less prone to parametric resonance is confirmed for\nsufficiently large coupling and damping. We also compare our results to a\nrecently reported mean field model of collective parametric instability,\nshowing that the two-oscillator model can capture much of the qualitative\nbehavior of the infinite system.",
        "positive": "An interacting spin flip model for one-dimensional proton conduction: A discrete asymmetric exclusion process (ASEP) is developed to model proton\nconduction along one-dimensional water wires. Each lattice site represents a\nwater molecule that can be in only one of three states; protonated,\nleft-pointing, and right-pointing. Only a right(left)-pointing water can accept\na proton from its left(right). Results of asymptotic mean field analysis and\nMonte-Carlo simulations for the three-species, open boundary exclusion model\nare presented and compared. The mean field results for the steady-state proton\ncurrent suggest a number of regimes analogous to the low and maximal current\nphases found in the single species ASEP [B. Derrida, Physics Reports, {\\bf\n301}, 65-83, (1998)]. We find that the mean field results are accurate\n(compared with lattice Monte-Carlo simulations) only in the certain regimes.\nRefinements and extensions including more elaborate forces and pore defects are\nalso discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dense crystalline dimer packings of regular tetrahedra: We present the densest known packing of regular tetrahedra with density phi =\n4000/4671 = 0.856347... Like the recently discovered packings of Kallus et al.\n[arXiv:0910.5226] and Torquato-Jiao [arXiv:0912.4210], our packing is\ncrystalline with a unit cell of four tetrahedra forming two triangular\ndipyramids (dimer clusters). We show that our packing has maximal density\nwithin a three-parameter family of dimer packings. Numerical compressions\nstarting from random configurations suggest that the packing may be optimal at\nleast for small cells with up to 16 tetrahedra and periodic boundaries.",
        "positive": "Self-Diffusion in Simple Models: Systems with Long-Range Jumps: We review some exact results for the motion of a tagged particle in simple\nmodels. Then, we study the density dependence of the self diffusion\ncoefficient, $D_N(\\rho)$, in lattice systems with simple symmetric exclusion in\nwhich the particles can jump, with equal rates, to a set of $N$ neighboring\nsites. We obtain positive upper and lower bounds on\n$F_N(\\rho)=N((1-\\r)-[D_N(\\rho)/D_N(0)])/(\\rho(1-\\rho))$ for $\\rho\\in [0,1]$.\nComputer simulations for the square, triangular and one dimensional lattice\nsuggest that $F_N$ becomes effectively independent of $N$ for $N\\ge 20$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How accurate are neural approximations of complex network dynamics?: Data-driven approximations of ordinary differential equations offer a\npromising alternative to classical methods of discovering a dynamical system\nmodel, particularly in complex systems lacking explicit first principles. This\npaper focuses on a complex system whose dynamics is described with a system of\nsuch equations, coupled through a complex network. Numerous real-world systems,\nincluding financial, social, and neural systems, belong to this class of\ndynamical models. We propose essential elements for approximating these\ndynamical systems using neural networks, including necessary biases and an\nappropriate neural architecture. Emphasizing the differences from static\nsupervised learning, we advocate for evaluating generalization beyond classical\nassumptions of statistical learning theory. To estimate confidence in\nprediction during inference time, we introduce a dedicated null model. By\nstudying various complex network dynamics, we demonstrate that the neural\napproximations of dynamics generalize across complex network structures, sizes,\nand statistical properties of inputs. Our comprehensive framework enables\naccurate and reliable deep learning approximations of high-dimensional,\nnonlinear dynamical systems.",
        "positive": "Vicious Walkers in a Potential: We consider N vicious walkers moving in one dimension in a one-body potential\nv(x). Using the backward Fokker-Planck equation we derive exact results for the\nasymptotic form of the survival probability Q(x,t) of vicious walkers initially\nlocated at (x_1,...,x_N) = x, when v(x) is an arbitrary attractive potential.\nExplicit results are given for a square-well potential with absorbing or\nreflecting boundary conditions at the walls, and for a harmonic potential with\nan absorbing or reflecting boundary at the origin and the walkers starting on\nthe positive half line. By mapping the problem of N vicious walkers in zero\npotential onto the harmonic potential problem, we rederive the results of\nFisher [J. Stat. Phys. 34, 667 (1984)] and Krattenthaler et al. [J. Phys. A\n33}, 8835 (2000)] respectively for vicious walkers on an infinite line and on a\nsemi-infinite line with an absorbing wall at the origin. This mapping also\ngives a new result for vicious walkers on a semi-infinite line with a\nreflecting boundary at the origin: Q(x,t) \\sim t^{-N(N-1)/2}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Estimating heating times in periodically driven quantum many-body\n  systems via avoided crossing spectroscopy: Periodic driving of a quantum (or classical) many-body system can alter the\nsystems properties significantly and therefore has emerged as a promising way\nto engineer exotic quantum phases, such as topological insulators and discrete\ntime crystals. A major limitation in such setups, is that generally\ninteracting, driven systems will heat up over time and lose the desired\nproperties. Understanding the relevant time scales is thus an important topic\nin the field and so far, there have only been few approaches to determine\nheating times for a concrete system quantitatively, and in a computationally\nefficient way. In this article we propose a new approach, based on building the\nheating rate from microscopic processes, encoded in avoided level crossings of\nthe Floquet propagator. We develop a method able to resolve individual\ncrossings and show how to construct the heating rate based on these. The method\nis closely related to the Fermi Golden Rule approach for weak drives, but can\ngo beyond it, since it captures non-perturbative effects by construction. This\nenables our method to be applicable in scenarios such as the heating time of\ndiscrete time crystals or frequency dependent couplings, which are very\nrelevant for Floquet engineering, where previously no efficient methods for\nestimating heating times were available.",
        "positive": "Entropy production of non-reciprocal interactions: Non-reciprocal interactions are present in many systems out of equilibrium.\nThe rate of entropy production is a measure that quantifies the time\nirreversibility of a system, and thus how far it is from equilibrium. In this\nwork, we introduce a non-motile active particle system where activity\noriginates from asymmetric, pairwise interaction forces that result in an\ninjection of energy at the microscopic scale. We calculate stationary\ncorrelation functions and entropy production rate in three exactly solvable\ncases, and analyse a more general case in a perturbation theory as an expansion\nin weak interactions using a fully microscopic description. Our results show\nthat equilibrium may be recovered by adjusting the diffusion constants despite\nnon-reciprocity, revealing an equivalence in the absolute amplitude of the\nforce and diffusivity. We support our analytical results with numerical\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Significance of Periodicity and Log-Periodicity with\n  Heavy-Tailed Correlated Noise: We estimate the probability that random noise, of several plausible standard\ndistributions, creates a false alarm that a periodicity (or log-periodicity) is\nfound in a time series. We investigate general situations with non-Gaussian\ncorrelated noises and present synthetic tests on the detectability and\nstatistical significance of periodic components. Increasing heavy-tailness\n(respectively correlations describing persistence) tends to decrease\n(respectively increase) the false-alarm probability of finding a large spurious\nLomb peak. Increasing anti-persistence tends to decrease the false-alarm\nprobability. We also study the interplay between heavy-tailness and long-range\ncorrelations. In order to fully determine if a Lomb peak signals a genuine\nrather than a spurious periodicity, one should in principle characterize the\nLomb peak height, its width and its relations to other peaks in the complete\nspectrum. As a step towards this full characterization, we construct the\njoint-distribution of the frequency position (relative to other peaks) and of\nthe height of the highest peak of the power spectrum. We also provide the\ndistributions of the ratio of the second highest Lomb peak to the maximum peak.\nUsing the insight obtained by the present statistical study, we re-examine\npreviously reported claims of ``log-periodicity'' and find that the credibility\nfor log-periodicity in 2D-freely decaying turbulence is weakened while it is\nstrengthened for fracture, for the ion-signature prior to the Kobe earthquake\nand for financial markets.",
        "positive": "Collective motion of self-propelled particles: kinetic phase transition\n  in one dimension: We demonstrate that a system of self-propelled particles (SPP) exhibits\nspontaneous symmetry breaking and self-organization in one dimension, in\ncontrast with previous analytical predictions. To explain this surprising\nresult we derive a new continuum theory that can account for the development of\nthe symmetry broken state and belongs to the same universality class as the\ndiscrete SPP model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non equilibrium current fluctuations in stochastic lattice gases: We study current fluctuations in lattice gases in the macroscopic limit\nextending the dynamic approach for density fluctuations developed in previous\narticles. More precisely, we establish a large deviation principle for a\nspace-time fluctuation $j$ of the empirical current with a rate functional $\\mc\nI (j)$. We then estimate the probability of a fluctuation of the average\ncurrent over a large time interval; this probability can be obtained by solving\na variational problem for the functional $\\mc I $. We discuss several possible\nscenarios, interpreted as dynamical phase transitions, for this variational\nproblem. They actually occur in specific models. We finally discuss the time\nreversal properties of $\\mc I$ and derive a fluctuation relationship akin to\nthe Gallavotti-Cohen theorem for the entropy production.",
        "positive": "Interface pinning and slow ordering kinetics on infinitely ramified\n  fractal structures: We investigate the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equation for a non\nconserved order parameter on an infinitely ramified (deterministic) fractal\nlattice employing two alternative methods: the auxiliary field approach and a\nnumerical method of integration of the equations of evolution. In the first\ncase the domain size evolves with time as $L(t)\\sim t^{1/d_w}$, where $d_w$ is\nthe anomalous random walk exponent associated with the fractal and differs from\nthe normal value 2, which characterizes all Euclidean lattices. Such a power\nlaw growth is identical to the one observed in the study of the spherical model\non the same lattice, but fails to describe the asymptotic behavior of the\nnumerical solutions of the TDGL equation for a scalar order parameter. In fact,\nthe simulations performed on a two dimensional Sierpinski Carpet indicate that,\nafter an initial stage dominated by a curvature reduction mechanism \\`a la\nAllen-Cahn, the system enters in a regime where the domain walls between\ncompeting phases are pinned by lattice defects.\n  The lack of translational invariance determines a rough free energy\nlandscape, the existence of many metastable minima and the suppression of the\nmarginally stable modes, which in translationally invariant systems lead to\npower law growth and self similar patterns. On fractal structures as the\ntemperature vanishes the evolution is frozen, since only thermally activated\nprocesses can sustain the growth of pinned domains."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mass transport of an impurity in a strongly sheared granular gas: Transport coefficients associated with the mass flux of an impurity immersed\nin a granular gas under simple shear flow are determined from the inelastic\nBoltzmann equation. A normal solution is obtained via a Chapman-Enskog-like\nexpansion around a local shear flow distribution that retains all the\nhydrodynamic orders in the shear rate. Due to the anisotropy induced by the\nshear flow, tensorial quantities are required to describe the diffusion process\ninstead of the conventional scalar coefficients. The mass flux is determined to\nfirst order in the deviations of the hydrodynamic fields from their values in\nthe reference state. The corresponding transport coefficients are given in\nterms of the solutions of a set of coupled linear integral equations, which are\napproximately solved by considering the leading terms in a Sonine polynomial\nexpansion. The results show that the deviation of these generalized\ncoefficients from their elastic forms is in general quite important, even for\nmoderate dissipation.",
        "positive": "Transfer matrix and Monte Carlo tests of critical exponents in Ising\n  model: The corrections to finite-size scaling in the critical two-point correlation\nfunction G(r) of 2D Ising model on a square lattice have been studied\nnumerically by means of exact transfer-matrix algorithms. The systems have been\nconsidered, including up to 800 spins. The calculation of G(r) at a distance r\nequal to the half of the system size L shows the existence of an amplitude\ncorrection proportional to 1/L^2. A nontrivial correction ~1/L^0.25 of a very\nsmall magnitude also has been detected, as it can be expected from our recently\ndeveloped GFD (grouping of Feynman diagrams) theory. Monte Carlo simulations of\nthe squared magnetization of 3D Ising model have been performed by Wolff's\nalgorithm in the range of the reduced temperatures t =< 0.000086 and system\nsizes L =< 410. The effective critical exponent beta_eff(t) tends to increase\nabove the currently accepted numerical values. The critical coupling\nK_c=0.22165386(51) has been extracted from the Binder cumulant data within 96\n=< L =< 384. The critical exponent 1/nu, estimated from the finite-size scaling\nof the derivatives of the Binder cumulant, tends to decrease slightly below the\nRG value 1.587 for the largest system sizes. The finite-size scaling of\naccurately simulated maximal values of the specific heat C_v in 3D Ising model\nconfirms a logarithmic rather than power-like critical singularity of C_v."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transfer learning of phase transitions in percolation and directed\n  percolation: The latest advances of statistical physics have shown remarkable performance\nof machine learning in identifying phase transitions. In this paper, we apply\ndomain adversarial neural network (DANN) based on transfer learning to studying\nnon-equilibrium and equilibrium phase transition models, which are percolation\nmodel and directed percolation (DP) model, respectively. With the DANN, only a\nsmall fraction of input configurations (2d images) needs to be labeled, which\nis automatically chosen, in order to capture the critical point. To learn the\nDP model, the method is refined by an iterative procedure in determining the\ncritical point, which is a prerequisite for the data collapse in calculating\nthe critical exponent $\\nu_{\\perp}$. We then apply the DANN to a\ntwo-dimensional site percolation with configurations filtered to include only\nthe largest cluster which may contain the information related to the order\nparameter. The DANN learning of both models yields reliable results which are\ncomparable to the ones from Monte Carlo simulations. Our study also shows that\nthe DANN can achieve quite high accuracy at much lower cost, compared to the\nsupervised learning.",
        "positive": "A physical study of the LLL algorithm: This paper presents a study of the LLL algorithm from the perspective of\nstatistical physics. Based on our experimental and theoretical results, we\nsuggest that interpreting LLL as a sandpile model may help understand much of\nits mysterious behavior. In the language of physics, our work presents evidence\nthat LLL and certain 1-d sandpile models with simpler toppling rules belong to\nthe same universality class.\n  This paper consists of three parts. First, we introduce sandpile models whose\nstatistics imitate those of LLL with compelling accuracy, which leads to the\nidea that there must exist a meaningful connection between the two. Indeed, on\nthose sandpile models, we are able to prove the analogues of some of the most\ndesired statements for LLL, such as the existence of the gap between the\ntheoretical and the experimental RHF bounds. Furthermore, we test the formulas\nfrom the finite-size scaling theory (FSS) against the LLL algorithm itself, and\nfind that they are in excellent agreement. This in particular explains and\nrefines the geometric series assumption (GSA), and allows one to extrapolate\nvarious quantities of interest to the dimension limit. In particular, we\npredict the empirical average RHF converges to $\\approx 1.02265$ as dimension\ngoes to infinity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Temperature in Weakly Interacting Multicomponent Field Theory: A method is suggested for calculating the critical temperature in\nmulticomponent field theory with weak interactions. The method is based on\nself-similar approximation theory allowing for the extrapolation of series in\npowers of asymptotically small coupling to finite and even infinite couplings.\nThe extrapolation for the critical temperature employs self-similar factor\napproximants. The found results are in perfect agreement with Monte Carlo\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Thermophoresis of Brownian particles driven by coloured noise: The Brownian motion of microscopic particles is driven by the collisions with\nthe molecules of the surrounding fluid. The noise associated with these\ncollisions is not white, but coloured due, e.g., to the presence of\nhydrodynamic memory. The noise characteristic time scale is typically of the\nsame order as the time over which the particle's kinetic energy is lost due to\nfriction (inertial time scale). We demonstrate theoretically that, in the\npresence of a temperature gradient, the interplay between these two\ncharacteristic time scales can have measurable consequences on the particle\nlong-time behaviour. Using homogenization theory, we analyse the infinitesimal\ngenerator of the stochastic differential equation describing the system in the\nlimit where the two characteristic times are taken to zero; from this\ngenerator, we derive the thermophoretic transport coefficient, which, we find,\ncan vary in both magnitude and sign, as observed in experiments. Furthermore,\nstudying the long-term stationary particle distribution, we show that particles\ncan accumulate towards the colder (positive thermophoresis) or the warmer\n(negative thermophoresis) regions depending on the dependence of their physical\nparameters and, in particular, their mobility on the temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaled Particle Theory for Hard Sphere Pairs. I. Mathematical Structure: We develop an extension of the original Reiss-Frisch-Lebowitz scaled particle\ntheory that can serve as a predictive method for the hard sphere pair\ncorrelation function g(r). The reversible cavity creation work is analyzed both\nfor a single spherical cavity of arbitrary size, as well as for a pair of\nidentical such spherical cavities with variable center-to-center separation.\nThese quantities lead directly to prediction of g(r). Smooth connection\nconditions have been identified between the small-cavity situation where the\nwork can be exactly and completely expressed in terms of g(r), and the\nlarge-cavity regime where macroscopic properties become relevant. Closure\nconditions emerge which produce a nonlinear integral equation that must be\nsatisfied by the pair correlation function. This integral equation has a\nstructure which straightforwardly generates a solution that is a power series\nin density. The results of this series replicate the exact second and third\nvirial coefficients for the hard sphere system via the contact value of the\npair correlation function. The predicted fourth virial coefficient is\napproximately 0.6 percent lower than the known exact value. Detailed numerical\nanalysis of the nonlinear integral equation has been deferred to the sequel\n(following paper)",
        "positive": "Jamming Criticality Revealed by Removing Localized Buckling Excitations: Recent theoretical advances offer an exact, first-principle theory of jamming\ncriticality in infinite dimension as well as universal scaling relations\nbetween critical exponents in all dimensions. For packings of frictionless\nspheres near the jamming transition, these advances predict that nontrivial\npower-law exponents characterize the critical distribution of (i) small\ninter-particle gaps and (ii) weak contact forces, both of which are crucial for\nmechanical stability. The scaling of the inter-particle gaps is known to be\nconstant in all spatial dimensions $d$ -- including the physically relevant\n$d=2$ and 3, but the value of the weak force exponent remains the object of\ndebate and confusion. Here, we resolve this ambiguity by numerical simulations.\nWe construct isostatic jammed packings with extremely high accuracy, and\nintroduce a simple criterion to separate the contribution of particles that\ngive rise to localized buckling excitations, i.e., bucklers, from the others.\nThis analysis reveals the remarkable dimensional robustness of mean-field\nmarginality and its associated criticality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Risk-return arguments applied to options with trading costs: We study the problem of option pricing and hedging strategies within the\nframe-work of risk-return arguments. An economic agent is described by a\nutility function that depends on profit (an expected value) and risk (a\nvariance). In the ideal case without transaction costs the optimal strategy for\nany given agent is found as the explicit solution of a constrained optimization\nproblem. Transaction costs are taken into account on a perturbative way. A\nrational option price, in a world with only these agents, is then determined by\nconsidering the points of view of the buyer and the writer of the option. Price\nand strategy are determined to first order in the transaction costs.",
        "positive": "Finite-Size Scaling of a First-Order Dynamical Phase Transition:\n  Adaptive Population Dynamics and an Effective Model: We analyze large deviations of the time-averaged activity in the one\ndimensional Fredrickson-Andersen model, both numerically and analytically. The\nmodel exhibits a dynamical phase transition, which appears as a singularity in\nthe large deviation function. We analyze the finite-size scaling of this phase\ntransition numerically, by generalizing an existing cloning algorithm to\ninclude a multi-canonical feedback control: this significantly improves the\ncomputational efficiency. Motivated by these numerical results, we formulate an\neffective theory for the model in the vicinity of the phase transition, which\naccounts quantitatively for the observed behavior. We discuss potential\napplications of the numerical method and the effective theory in a range of\nmore general contexts."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasi-one dimensional fluids that exhibit higher dimensional behavior: Fluids confined within narrow channels exhibit a variety of phases and phase\ntransitions associated with their reduced dimensionality. In this review paper,\nwe illustrate the crossover from quasi-one dimensional to higher effective\ndimensionality behavior of fluids adsorbed within different carbon nanotubes\ngeometries. In the single nanotube geometry, no phase transitions can occur at\nfinite temperature. Instead, we identify a crossover from a quasi-one\ndimensional to a two dimensional behavior of the adsorbate. In bundles of\nnanotubes, phase transitions at finite temperature arise from the transverse\ncoupling of interactions between channels.",
        "positive": "Weak universal critical behaviour of the mixed spin-(1/2, S) Ising model\n  on the union jack (centered square) lattice: integer versus half-odd-integer\n  spin-S case: The mixed spin-(1/2, S) Ising model on the union jack (centered square)\nlattice is investigated by establishing the mapping relationship with its\ncorresponding eight-vertex model. An interplay between the nearest-neighbour\ninteraction, the competing next-nearest-neighbour interaction and the\nsingle-ion anisotropy gives rise to a rather complex critical behaviour\ndisplayed in the reentrant phase transitions, the weak universal critical\nbehaviour, as well as, a presence of first- and second-order phase transitions.\nThe most interesting finding to emerge from the present study relates to a\nvariation of the weak-universal critical exponents along the line of bicritical\npoints, which is being twice as large for the mixed spin-(1/2, S) systems with\nthe integer spin-S atoms as for the ones with the half-odd-integer spin-S\natoms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Relaxation Dynamics in the Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion\n  Process: The relaxation dynamics of the one-dimensional totally asymmetric simple\nexclusion process on a ring is considered in the case of step initial\ncondition. Analyzing the time evolution of the local particle densities and\ncurrents by the Bethe ansatz method, we examine their full relaxation dynamics.\nAs a result, we observe peculiar behaviors, such as the emergence of a ripple\nin the density profile and the existence of the excessive particle currents.\nMoreover, by making a finite-size scaling analysis of the asymptotic amplitudes\nof the local densities and currents, we find the scaling exponents with respect\nto the total number of sites to be -3/2 and -1 respectively.",
        "positive": "Extremal dynamics on complex networks: Analytic solutions: The Bak-Sneppen model displaying punctuated equilibria in biological\nevolution is studied on random complex networks. By using the rate equation and\nthe random walk approaches, we obtain the analytic solution of the fitness\nthreshold $x_c$ to be 1/(<k>_f+1), where <k>_f=<k^2>/<k> (=<k>) in the quenched\n(annealed) updating case, where <k^n> is the n-th moment of the degree\ndistribution. Thus, the threshold is zero (finite) for the degree exponent\n\\gamma <3 (\\gamma > 3) for the quenched case in the thermodynamic limit. The\ntheoretical value x_c fits well to the numerical simulation data in the\nannealed case only. Avalanche size, defined as the duration of successive\nmutations below the threshold, exhibits a critical behavior as its distribution\nfollows a power law, P_a(s) ~ s^{-3/2}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple one-dimensional model of heat conduction which obeys Fourier's\n  law: We present the computer simulation results of a chain of hard point particles\nwith alternating masses interacting on its extremes with two thermal baths at\ndifferent temperatures. We found that the system obeys Fourier's law at the\nthermodynamic limit. This result is against the actual belief that one\ndimensional systems with momentum conservative dynamics and nonzero pressure\nhave infinite thermal conductivity. It seems that thermal resistivity occurs in\nour system due to a cooperative behavior in which light particles tend to\nabsorb much more energy than the heavier ones.",
        "positive": "Parameter Space Compression Underlies Emergent Theories and Predictive\n  Models: We report a similarity between the microscopic parameter dependance of\nemergent theories in physics and that of multiparameter models common in other\nareas of science. In both cases, predictions are possible despite large\nuncertainties in the microscopic parameters because these details are\ncompressed into just a few governing parameters that are sufficient to describe\nrelevant observables. We make this commonality explicit by examining parameter\nsensitivity in a hopping model of diffusion and a generalized Ising model of\nferromagnetism. We trace the emergence of a smaller effective model to the\ndevelopment of a hierarchy of parameter importance quantified by the\neigenvalues of the Fisher Information Matrix. Strikingly, the same hierarchy\nappears ubiquitously in models taken from diverse areas of science. We conclude\nthat the emergence of effective continuum and universal theories in physics is\ndue to the same parameter space hierarchy that underlies predictive modeling in\nother areas of science."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noisy-chaotic time series and the forbidden/missing patterns paradigm: We deal here with the issue of determinism versus randomness in time series.\nOne wishes to identify their relative importance in a given time series. To\nthis end we extend i) the use of ordinal patterns-based probability\ndistribution functions associated with a time series [Bandt and Pompe, Phys.\nRev. Lett. 88 (2002) 174102] and ii) the so-called Amig\\'o paradigm of\nforbidden/missing patterns [Amig\\'o, Zambrano, Sanju\\'an, Europhys. Lett. 79\n(2007) 50001], to analyze deterministic finite time series contaminated with\nstrong additive noises of different correlation-degree. Insights pertaining to\nthe deterministic component of the original time series are obtained with the\nhelp of the causal entropy-complexity plane [Rosso et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99\n(2007) 154102].",
        "positive": "Free energy landscape of mechanically unfolded model proteins: extended\n  Jarzinsky versus inherent structure reconstruction: The equilibrium free energy landscape of off-lattice model heteropolymers as\na function of an internal coordinate, namely the end-to-end distance, is\nreconstructed from out-of-equilibrium steered molecular dynamics data. This\ntask is accomplished via two independent methods: by employing an extended\nversion of the Jarzynski equality (EJE) and the inherent structure (IS)\nformalism. A comparison of the free energies estimated with these two schemes\nwith equilibrium results obtained via the umbrella sampling technique reveals a\ngood quantitative agreement among all the approaches in a range of temperatures\naround the ``folding transition'' for the two examined sequences. In\nparticular, for the sequence with good foldability properties, the mechanically\ninduced structural transitions can be related to thermodynamical aspects of\nfolding. Moreover, for the same sequence the knowledge of the landscape profile\nallows for a good estimation of the life times of the native configuration for\ntemperatures ranging from the folding to the collapse temperature. For the\nrandom sequence, mechanical and thermal unfolding appear to follow different\npaths along the landscape."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the relationship between phase transitions and topological changes in\n  one dimensional models: We address the question of the quantitative relationship between\nthermodynamic phase transitions and topological changes in the potential energy\nmanifold analyzing two classes of one dimensional models, the Burkhardt\nsolid-on-solid model and the Peyrard-Bishop model for DNA thermal denaturation,\nboth in the confining and non-confining version. These models, apparently, do\nnot fit [M.Kastner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 150601 (2004)] in the general idea\nthat the phase transition is signaled by a topological discontinuity. We show\nthat in both models the phase transition energy v_c is actually non-coincident\nwith, and always higher than, the energy v_theta at which a topological change\nappears. However, applying a procedure already successfully employed in other\ncases as the mean field phi^4 model, i.e. introducing a map M(v)=v_s from\nlevels of the energy hypersurface V to the level of the stationary points\n\"visited\" at temperature T, we find that M(v_c)=v_theta. This result enhances\nthe relevance of the underlying stationary points in determining the\nthermodynamics of a system, and extends the validity of the topological\napproach to the study of phase transition to the elusive one-dimensional\nsystems considered here.",
        "positive": "Critical Casimir forces for O(N) models from functional renormalization: We consider the classical O(N)-symmetric models confined in a d-dimensional\nslab-like geometry and subject to periodic boundary conditions. Applying the\none-particle-irreducible variant of functional renormalization group (RG) we\ncompute the critical Casimir forces acting between the slab boundaries. The\napplied truncation of the exact functional RG flow equation retains interaction\nvertices of arbitrary order. We evaluate the critical Casimir amplitudes\n\\Delta_f(d,N) for continuously varying dimensionality between two and three and\nN = 1,2. Our findings are in very good agreement with exact results for d=2 and\nN=1. For d=3 our results are closer to Monte Carlo predictions than earlier\nfield-theoretic RG calculations. Inclusion of the wave function renormalization\nand the corresponding anomalous dimension in the calculation has negligible\nimpact on the computed Casimir forces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Length scale dependent diffusion in the Anderson model at high\n  temperatures: We investigate a single particle on a 3-dimensional, cubic lattice with a\nrandom on-site potential (3D Anderson model). We concretely address the\nquestion whether or not the dynamics of the particle is in full accord with the\ndiffusion equation. Our approach is based on the time-convolutionless (TCL)\nprojection operator technique and allows for a detailed investigation of this\nquestion at high temperatures. It turns out that diffusive dynamics is to be\nexpected for a rather short range of wavelengths, even if the amount of\ndisorder is tuned to maximize this range. Our results are partially\ncounterchecked by the numerical solution of the full time-dependent\nSchroedinger equation.",
        "positive": "Experimental nonequilibrium memory erasure beyond Landauer's bound: The clean world of digital information is based on noisy physical devices.\nLandauer's principle provides a deep connection between information processing\nand the underlying thermodynamics by setting a lower limit on the energy\nconsumption and heat production of logically irreversible transformations.\nWhile Landauer's original formulation assumes equilibrium, real devices often\ndo operate far from equilibrium. We show experimentally that the nonequilibrium\ncharacter of a memory state enables full erasure with reduced power consumption\nas well as negative heat production. We implement the optimized erasure\nprotocols in an optomechanical two-state memory. To this end, we introduce\ndynamical shaping of nonlinear potential landscapes as a powerful tool for\nlevitodynamics as well as the investigation of far-from-equilibrium processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Clausius relation for active particles: what can we learn from\n  fluctuations?: Many kinds of active particles, such as bacteria or active colloids, move in\na thermostatted fluid by means of self-propulsion. Energy injected by such a\nnon-equilibrium force is eventually dissipated as heat in the thermostat. Since\nthermal fluctuations are much faster and weaker than self-propulsion forces,\nthey are often neglected, blurring the identification of dissipated heat in\ntheoretical models. For the same reason, some freedom - or arbitrariness -\nappears when defining entropy production. Recently three different recipes to\ndefine heat and entropy production have been proposed for the same model where\nthe role of self-propulsion is played by a Gaussian coloured noise. Here we\ncompare and discuss the relation between such proposals and their physical\nmeaning. One of these proposals takes into account the heat exchanged with a\nnon-equilibrium active bath: such an \"active heat\" satisfies the original\nClausius relation and can be experimentally verified.",
        "positive": "On the Non-Universality of a Critical Exponent for Self-Avoiding Walks: We have extended the enumeration of self-avoiding walks on the Manhattan\nlattice from 28 to 53 steps and for self-avoiding polygons from 48 to 84 steps.\nAnalysis of this data suggests that the walk generating function exponent gamma\n= 1.3385 +- 0.003, which is different from the corresponding exponent on the\nsquare, triangular and honeycomb lattices. This provides numerical support for\nan argument recently advanced by Cardy, to the effect that excluding walks with\nparallel nearest-neighbour steps should cause a change in the exponent gamma.\nThe lattice topology of the Manhattan lattice precludes such parallel steps."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium statistics of an infinitely long chain in the severe\n  confined geometry: Rigorous results: We analyze the equlibrium statistics of a long linear homo-polymer chain\nconfined in between two flat geometrical constraints under good solvent\ncondition. The chain is ocupying two dimensional space and geometrical\nconstraints are two impenetrable lines for the two dimensional space. A fully\ndirected self avoiding walk lattice model is used to derive analytical\nexpression of the partition function for the given value of separation in\nbetween the impenetrable lines. The exact values of the critical exponents\n($\\nu_{||}, \\nu_{\\perp}, \\nu $ and $ \\gamma_1$) were obtained for different\nvalue of separations in between the impenetrable lines. An exact expression of\nthe grand canonical partition function of the confined semiflexible chain is\nalso calculated for the given value of the constraints separation using\ngenerating function technique.",
        "positive": "Truncated linear statistics in the one dimensional one-component plasma: In this paper, we study the probability distribution of the observable $s =\n(1/N)\\sum_{i=N-N'+1}^N x_i$, with $1 \\leq N' \\leq N$ and $x_1<x_2<\\cdots< x_N$\nrepresenting the ordered positions of $N$ particles in a $1d$ one-component\nplasma, i.e., $N$ harmonically confined charges on a line, with pairwise\nrepulsive $1d$ Coulomb interaction $|x_i-x_j|$. This observable represents an\nexample of a truncated linear statistics -- here the center of mass of the $N'\n= \\kappa \\, N$ (with $0 < \\kappa \\leq 1$) rightmost particles. It interpolates\nbetween the position of the rightmost particle (in the limit $\\kappa \\to 0$)\nand the full center of mass (in the limit $\\kappa \\to 1$). We show that, for\nlarge $N$, $s$ fluctuates around its mean $\\langle s \\rangle$ and the typical\nfluctuations are Gaussian, of width $O(N^{-3/2})$. The atypical large\nfluctuations of $s$, for fixed $\\kappa$, are instead described by a large\ndeviation form ${\\cal P}_{N, \\kappa}(s)\\simeq \\exp{\\left[-N^3\n\\phi_\\kappa(s)\\right]}$, where the rate function $\\phi_\\kappa(s)$ is computed\nanalytically. We show that $\\phi_{\\kappa}(s)$ takes different functional forms\nin five distinct regions in the $(\\kappa,s)$ plane separated by phase\nboundaries, thus leading to a rich phase diagram in the $(\\kappa,s)$ plane.\nAcross all the phase boundaries the rate function $\\phi(\\kappa,s)$ undergoes a\nthird-order phase transition. This rate function is also evaluated numerically\nusing a sophisticated importance sampling method, and we find a perfect\nagreement with our analytical predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Understanding causation via correlations and linear response theory: In spite of the (correct) common-wisdom statement correlation does not imply\ncausation, a proper employ of time correlations and of fluctuation-response\ntheory allows to understand the causal relations between the variables of a\nmulti-dimensional linear Markov process. It is shown that the\nfluctuation-response formalism can be used both to find the direct causal links\nbetween the variables of a system and to introduce a degree of causation,\ncumulative in time, whose physical interpretation is straightforward. Although\nfor generic non-linear dynamics there is no simple exact relationship between\ncorrelations and response functions, the described protocol can still give a\nuseful proxy also in presence of weak nonlinear terms.",
        "positive": "Non-universal parameters, corrections and universality in\n  Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth: We present a comprehensive numerical investigation of non-universal\nparameters and corrections related to interface fluctuations of models\nbelonging to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class, in d=1+1, for\nboth flat and curved geometries. We analyzed two classes of models. In the\nisotropic models the non-universal parameters are uniform along the surface,\nwhereas in the anisotropic growth they vary. In the latter case, that produces\ncurved surfaces, the statistics must be computed independently along fixed\ndirections. The ansatz h = v t + (\\Gamma t)^{1/3} \\chi + \\eta, where \\chi is a\nTracy-Widom (geometry-dependent) distribution and \\eta is a time-independent\ncorrection, is probed. Our numerical analysis shows that the non-universal\nparameter \\Gamma determined through the first cumulant leads to a very good\naccordance with the extended KPZ ansatz for all investigated models in contrast\nwith the estimates of \\Gamma obtained from higher order cumulants that indicate\na violation of the generalized ansatz for some of the studied models. We\nassociate the discrepancies to corrections of unknown nature, which hampers an\naccurate estimation of \\Gamma at finite times. The discrepancies in \\Gamma via\ndifferent approaches are relatively small but sufficient to modify the scaling\nlaw t^{-1/3} that characterize the finite-time corrections due to \\eta. Among\nthe investigated models, we have revisited an off-lattice Eden model that\nsupposedly disobeyed the shift in the mean scaling as t^{-1/3} and showed that\nthere is a crossover to the expected regime. We have found model-dependent\n(non-universal) corrections for cumulants of order n > 1. All investigated\nmodels are consistent with a further term of order t^{-1/3} in the KPZ ansatz."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Automating First-Principles Phase Diagram Calculations: Devising a computational tool that assesses the thermodynamic stability of\nmaterials is among the most important steps required to build a ``virtual\nlaboratory'', where materials could be designed from first-principles without\nrelying on experimental input. Although the formalism that allows the\ncalculation of solid state phase diagrams from first principles is well\nestablished, its practical implementation remains a tedious process. The\ndevelopment of a fully automated algorithm to perform such calculations serves\ntwo purposes. First, it will make this powerful tool available to large number\nof researchers. Second, it frees the calculation process from arbitrary\nparameters, guaranteeing that the results obtained are truly derived from the\nunderlying first-principles calculations. The proposed algorithm formalizes the\nmost difficult step of phase diagram calculations, namely the determination of\nthe ``cluster expansion'', which is a compact representation of the\nconfigurational dependence of the alloy's energy. This is traditionally\nachieved by a fit of the unknown interaction parameters of the cluster\nexpansion to a set of structural energies calculated from first-principles. We\npresent a formal statistical basis for the selection of both the interaction\nparameters to include in the cluster expansion and of the structures to use in\norder to determine them. The proposed method relies on the concepts of\ncross-validation and variance minimization. An application to the calculation\nof the phase diagram of the Si-Ge, CaO-MgO, Ti-Al, and Cu-Au systems is\npresented.",
        "positive": "Duality relations in single-file diffusion: Single-file transport, which corresponds to the diffusion of particles that\ncannot overtake each other in narrow channels, is an important topic in\nout-of-equilibrium statistical physics. Various microscopic models of\nsingle-file systems have been considered, such as the simple exclusion process,\nwhich has reached the status of a paradigmatic model. Several different models\nof single-file diffusion have been shown to be related by a duality relation,\nwhich holds either microscopically or only in the hydrodynamic limit of large\ntime and large distances. Here, we show that, within the framework of\nfluctuating hydrodynamics, these relations are not specific to these models and\nthat, in the hydrodynamic limit, every single-file system can be mapped onto a\ndual single-file system, which we characterise. This general duality relation\nallows us to obtain new results for different models, by exploiting the\nsolutions that are available for their dual model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic limit of Isoenergetic and Hamiltonian Thermostats: The relation between isoenergetic and Hamiltonian thermostats is studied and\ntheir equivalence in the thermodynamic limit is proved in space dimension\n$d=1,2$. v.2: W_n and x_n replace W and x where needed",
        "positive": "Scaling of waves in the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld sandpile model: We study probability distributions of waves of topplings in the\nBak-Tang-Wiesenfeld model on hypercubic lattices for dimensions D>=2. Waves\nrepresent relaxation processes which do not contain multiple toppling events.\nWe investigate bulk and boundary waves by means of their correspondence to\nspanning trees, and by extensive numerical simulations. While the scaling\nbehavior of avalanches is complex and usually not governed by simple scaling\nlaws, we show that the probability distributions for waves display clear power\nlaw asymptotic behavior in perfect agreement with the analytical predictions.\nCritical exponents are obtained for the distributions of radius, area, and\nduration, of bulk and boundary waves. Relations between them and fractal\ndimensions of waves are derived. We confirm that the upper critical dimension\nD_u of the model is 4, and calculate logarithmic corrections to the scaling\nbehavior of waves in D=4. In addition we present analytical estimates for bulk\navalanches in dimensions D>=4 and simulation data for avalanches in D<=3. For\nD=2 they seem not easy to interpret."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Codifference can detect ergodicity breaking and non-Gaussianity: We show that the codifference is a useful tool in studying the ergodicity\nbreaking and non-Gaussianity properties of stochastic time series. While the\ncodifference is a measure of dependence that was previously studied mainly in\nthe context of stable processes, we here extend its range of applicability to\nrandom-parameter and diffusing-diffusivity models which are important in\ncontemporary physics, biology and financial engineering. We prove that the\ncodifference detects forms of dependence and ergodicity breaking which are not\nvisible from analysing the covariance and correlation functions. We also\ndiscuss a related measure of dispersion, which is a non-linear analogue of the\nmean squared displacement.",
        "positive": "Classical and Quantum Chaos and Control of Heat Flow: We discuss the problem of heat conduction in classical and quantum low\ndimensional systems from a microscopic point of view. At the classical level we\nprovide convincing numerical evidence for the validity of Fourier law of heat\nconduction in linear mixing systems, i.e. in systems without exponential\ninstability. At the quantum level, where motion is characterized by the lack of\nexponential dynamical instability, we show that the validity of Fourier law is\nin direct relation with the onset of quantum chaos. We then study the\nphenomenon of thermal rectification and briefly discuss the different types of\nmicroscopic mechanisms that lead to the rectification of heat flow. The control\nof heat conduction by nonlinearity opens the possibility to propose new devices\nsuch as a thermal rectifier."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Non-equilibrium Behavior of Fluctuation Induced Forces: While techniques to compute thermal fluctuation induced, or pseudo-Casimir,\nforces in equilibrium systems are well established, the same is not true for\nnon-equilibrium cases. We present a general formalism that allows us to\nunambiguously compute non-equilibrium fluctuation induced forces by specifying\nthe energy of interaction of the fluctuating fields with the boundaries. For a\ngeneral class of classical fields with dissipative dynamics, we derive a very\ngeneral relation between the Laplace transform of the time-dependent force and\nthe static partition function for a related problem with a different\nHamiltonian. In particular, we demonstrate the power of our approach by\ncomputing, for the first time, the explicit time dependence of the\nnon-equilibrium pseudo-Casimir force induced between two parallel plates, upon\na sudden change in the temperature of the system. We also show how our results\ncan be used to determine the steady-state behavior of the non-equilibrium force\nin systems where the fluctuations are driven by colored noise.",
        "positive": "Dynamical regimes of finite temperature discrete nonlinear Schr\u00f6dinger\n  chain: We show that the one dimensional discrete nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger chain\n(DNLS) at finite temperature has three different dynamical regimes (ultra-low,\nlow and high temperature regimes). This has been established via (i) one point\nmacroscopic thermodynamic observables (temperature $T$ , energy density\n$\\epsilon$ and the relationship between them), (ii) emergence and disappearance\nof an additional almost conserved quantity (total phase difference) and (iii)\nclassical out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOC) and related quantities\n(butterfly speed and Lyapunov exponents). The crossover temperatures\n$T_{\\textit{l-ul}}$ (between low and ultra-low temperature regimes) and\n$T_{\\textit{h-l}}$ (between high and low temperature regimes) extracted from\nthese three different approaches are consistent with each other. The analysis\npresented here is an important step forward towards the understanding of DNLS\nwhich is ubiquitous in many fields and has a non-separable Hamiltonian form.\nOur work also shows that the different methods used here can serve as important\ntools to identify dynamical regimes in other interacting many body systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variational formula for experimental determination of high-order\n  correlations of current fluctuations in driven systems: For Brownian motion of a single particle subject to a tilted periodic\npotential on a ring, we propose a formula for experimentally determining the\ncumulant generating function of time-averaged current without measurements of\ncurrent fluctuations. We first derive this formula phenomenologically on the\nbasis of two key relations: a fluctuation relation associated with Onsager's\nprinciple of the least energy dissipation in a sufficiently local region and an\nadditivity relation by which spatially inhomogeneous fluctuations can be\nproperly considered. We then derive the formula without any phenomenological\nassumptions. We also demonstrate its practical advantage by numerical\nexperiments.",
        "positive": "Scale Invariant Fractal and Slow Dynamics in Nucleation and Growth\n  Processes: We propose a stochastic counterpart of the classical\nKolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (KJMA) model to describe the\nnucleation-and-growth phenomena of a stable phase (S-phase). We report that for\ngrowth velocity of S-phase $v=s(t)/t$ where $s(t)$ is the mean value of the\ninterval size $x$ of metastable phase (M-phase) and for $v=x/\\tau(x)$ where\n$\\tau(x)$ is the mean nucleation time, the system exhibits a power law decay of\nM-phase. We also find that the resulting structure exhibits self-similarity and\ncan be best described as a fractal. Interestingly, the fractal dimension $d_f$\nhelps generalising the exponent $(1+d_f)$ of the power-law decay. However, when\neither $v=v_0$ (constant) or $v=\\sigma/t$ ($\\sigma$ is a constant) the decay is\nexponential and it is accompanied by the violation of scaling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modeling Supply Chains and Business Cycles as Unstable Transport\n  Phenomena: Physical concepts developed to describe instabilities in traffic flows can be\ngeneralized in a way that allows one to understand the well-known instability\nof supply chains (the so-called ``bullwhip effect''). That is, small variations\nin the consumption rate can cause large variations in the production rate of\ncompanies generating the requested product. Interestingly, the resulting\noscillations have characteristic frequencies which are considerably lower than\nthe variations in the consumption rate. This suggests that instabilities of\nsupply chains may be the reason for the existence of business cycles. At the\nsame time, we establish some link to queuing theory and between micro- and\nmacroeconomics.",
        "positive": "Coherences and the thermodynamic uncertainty relation: Insights from\n  quantum absorption refrigerators: The thermodynamic uncertainty relation, originally derived for classical\nMarkov-jump processes, provides a trade-off relation between precision and\ndissipation, deepening our understanding of the performance of quantum thermal\nmachines. Here, we examine the interplay of quantum system coherences and heat\ncurrent fluctuations on the validity of the thermodynamics uncertainty relation\nin the quantum regime. To achieve the current statistics, we perform a full\ncounting statistics simulation of the Redfield quantum master equation. We\nfocus on steady-state quantum absorption refrigerators where nonzero coherence\nbetween eigenstates can either suppress or enhance the cooling power, compared\nwith the incoherent limit. In either scenario, we find enhanced relative noise\nof the cooling power (standard deviation of the power over the mean) in the\npresence of system coherence, thereby corroborating the thermodynamic\nuncertainty relation. Our results indicate that fluctuations necessitate\nconsideration when assessing the performance of quantum coherent thermal\nmachines."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean field theory of chaotic insect swarms: The harmonically confined Vicsek model displays qualitative and quantitative\nfeatures observed in natural insect swarms. It exhibits a scale free transition\nbetween single and multicluster chaotic phases. Finite size scaling indicates\nthat this unusual phase transition occurs at zero confinement [Physical Review\nE 107, 014209 (2023)]. While the evidence of the scale-free-chaos phase\ntransition comes from numerical simulations, here we present its mean field\ntheory. Analytically determined critical exponents are those of the Landau\ntheory of equilibrium phase transitions plus dynamical critical exponent $z=1$\nand a new critical exponent $\\varphi=0.5$ for the largest Lyapunov exponent.\nThe phase transition occurs at zero confinement and noise in the mean field\ntheory. The noise line of zero largest Lyapunov exponents informs observed\nbehavior: (i) the qualitative shape of the swarm (on average, the center of\nmass rotates slowly at the rate marked by the winding number and its trajectory\nfills compactly the space, similarly to the observed condensed nucleus\nsurrounded by vapor), and (ii) the critical exponents resemble those observed\nin natural swarms. Our predictions include power laws for the frequency of the\nmaximal spectral amplitude and the winding number.",
        "positive": "Entropy production for velocity-dependent macroscopic forces: the\n  problem of dissipation without fluctuations: In macroscopic systems, velocity-dependent phenomenological forces $F(v)$ are\nused to model friction, feedback devices or self-propulsion. Such forces\nusually include a dissipative component which conceals the fast energy\nexchanges with a thermostat at the environment temperature $T$, ruled by a\nmicroscopic Hamiltonian $H$. The mapping $(H,T) \\to F(v)$ - even if effective\nfor many purposes - may lead to applications of stochastic thermodynamics where\nan $incomplete$ fluctuating entropy production (FEP) is derived. An\nenlightening example is offered by recent macroscopic experiments where\ndissipation is dominated by solid-on-solid friction, typically modelled through\na deterministic Coulomb force $F(v)$. Through an adaptation of the microscopic\nPrandtl-Tomlinson model for friction, we show how the FEP is dominated by the\nheat released to the $T$-thermostat, ignored by the macroscopic Coulomb model.\nThis problem, which haunts several studies in the literature, cannot be cured\nby weighing the time-reversed trajectories with a different auxiliary dynamics:\nit is only solved by a more accurate stochastic modelling of the thermostat\nunderlying dissipation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Excited state TBA and functional relations in spinless Fermion model: The excited state thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) equations for the spinless\nFermion model are presented by the quantum transfer matrix (QTM) approach. We\nintroduce a more general family called T-functions and explore functional\nrelations among them (T-system) and their certain combinations (Y-system).\n{}From their analytical property, we derive a closed set of non-linear integral\nequations which characterize the correlation length of $<c_j^{\\dagger}c_i>$ at\nany finite temperatures. Solving these equations numerically, we explicitly\ndetermine the correlation length, which coincides with earlier results with\nhigh accuracy.",
        "positive": "Force-dependent diffusion coefficient of molecular Brownian ratchets: We study the mean velocity and diffusion constant in three related models of\nmolecular Brownian ratchets. Brownian ratchets can be used to describe\ntranslocation of biopolymers like DNA through nanopores in cells in the\npresence of chaperones on the trans side of the pore. Chaperones can bind to\nthe polymer and prevent it from sliding back through the pore. First, we study\na simple model that describes the translocation in terms of an asymmetric\nrandom walk. It serves as an introductory example but already captures the main\nfeatures of a Brownian ratchet. We then provide an analytical expression for\nthe diffusion constant in the classical model of a translocation ratchet that\nwas first proposed by Peskin et al. . This model is based on the assumption\nthat the binding and unbinding of the chaperones is much faster than the\ndiffusion of the DNA strand. To remedy this shortcoming, we propose a modified\nmodel that is also applicable if the (un)binding rates are finite. We calculate\nthe force dependent mean velocity and diffusivity for this new model and\ncompare the results to the original one. Our analysis shows that for large\npulling forces the predictions of both models can differ strongly even if the\n(un)binding rates are large in comparison to the diffusion time-scale but still\nfinite. Furthermore, implications of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation on\nthe efficiency of Brownian ratchets are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometrical aspects of a generalized statistical mechanics: We discuss here the use of generalized forms of entropy, taken as information\nmeasures, to characterize phase transitions and critical behavior in\nthermodynamic systems. Our study is based on geometric considerations\npertaining to the space of parameters that describe statistical mechanics\nmodels. The thermodynamic stability of the system is the focus of attention in\nthis geometric context.",
        "positive": "Refined central limit theorem and infinite density tail of the Lorentz\n  gas from Levy walk: We consider point particle that collides with a periodic array of hard-core\nelastic scatterers where the length of the free flights is unbounded (the\ninfinite-horizon Lorentz gas, LG). The Bleher central limit theorem (CLT)\nstates that the distribution of the particle displacement divided by\n$\\sqrt{t\\ln t}$ is Gaussian in the limit of infinite time $t$. However it was\nstressed recently that the slow convergence makes this result unobservable.\nUsing a L\\'{e}vy walk model (LW) of the LG, it was proposed that the use of a\nrescaled Lambert function instead of $\\sqrt{t\\ln t}$ provides a fast\nconvergent, observable CLT, which was confirmed by the LG simulations. We\ndemonstrate here that this result can simplified to a mixed CLT where the\nscaling factor combines normal and anomalous diffusions. For narrow infinite\ncorridors the particle for long time obeys the usual normal diffusion, which\nexplains the previous numerical observations. In the opposite limit of small\nscatterers the Bleher CLT gives a good guiding. In the intermediate cases the\nmixed CLT applies. The Gaussian peak determines moments of order smaller than\ntwo. In contrast, the CLT gives only half the coordinate dispersion. The\nmissing half of the dispersion and also moments of order higher than two are\ndescribed by the distribution's tail (the infinite density) which we derive\nhere. The tail is supported along the infinite corridors and formed by\nanomalously long flights whose duration is comparable with the whole time of\nobservation. The moments' calculation from the tail is confirmed by direct\ncalculation of the fourth moment from the statistics of the backward recurrence\ntime defined as time that elapsed since the last collision. This completes the\nsolution of the LW model allowing full comparison with the LG."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The imperfect Bose gas in d dimensions: critical behavior and Casimir\n  forces: We consider the d-dimensional imperfect (mean-field) Bose gas confined in a\nslit-like geometry and subject to periodic boundary conditions. Within an exact\nanalytical treatment we first extract the bulk critical properties of the\nsystem at Bose-Einstein condensation and identify the bulk universality class\nto be the one of the classical d-dimensional spherical model. Subsequently we\nconsider finite slit width D and analyze the excess surface free energy and the\nrelated Casimir force acting between the slit boundaries. Above the bulk\ncondensation temperature (T>T_c) the Casimir force decays exponentially as a\nfunction of D with the bulk correlation length determining the relevant length\nscale. For T=T_c and for T<T_c its decay is algebraic. The magnitude of the\nCasimir forces at T_c and for T<T_c is governed by the universal Casimir\namplitudes. We extract the relevant values for different d and compute the\nscaling functions describing the crossover between the critical and\nlow-temperature asymptotics of the Casimir force. The scaling function is\nmonotonous at any d\\in (2,4) and becomes constant for d>4 and T\\leq T_c.",
        "positive": "Entropy production in systems with unidirectional transitions: The entropy production is one of the most essential features for systems\noperating out of equilibrium. The formulation for discrete-state systems goes\nback to the celebrated Schnakenberg's work and hitherto can be carried out when\nfor each transition between two states also the reverse one is allowed.\nNevertheless, several physical systems may exhibit a mixture of both\nunidirectional and bidirectional transitions, and how to properly define the\nentropy production in this case is still an open question. Here, we present a\nsolution to such a challenging problem. The average entropy production can be\nconsistently defined, employing a mapping that preserves the average fluxes,\nand its physical interpretation is provided. We describe a class of stochastic\nsystems composed of unidirectional links forming cycles and detailed-balanced\nbidirectional links, showing that they behave in a pseudo-deterministic\nfashion. This approach is applied to a system with time-dependent stochastic\nresetting. Our framework is consistent with thermodynamics and leads to some\nintriguing observations on the relation between the arrow of time and the\naverage entropy production for resetting events."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Approximate probabilistic cellular automata for the dynamics of\n  single-species populations under discrete logisticlike growth with and\n  without weak Allee effects: We investigate one-dimensional elementary probabilistic cellular automata\n(PCA) whose dynamics in first-order mean-field approximation yields discrete\nlogisticlike growth models for a single-species unstructured population with\nnonoverlapping generations. Beginning with a general six-parameter model, we\nfind constraints on the transition probabilities of the PCA that guarantee that\nthe ensuing approximations make sense in terms of population dynamics and\nclassify the valid combinations thereof. Several possible models display a\nnegative cubic term that can be interpreted as a weak Allee factor. We also\ninvestigate the conditions under which a one-parameter PCA derived from the\nmore general six-parameter model can generate valid population growth dynamics.\nNumerical simulations illustrate the behavior of some of the PCA found.",
        "positive": "Maximum Entropy and the Variational Method in Statistical Mechanics: an\n  Application to Simple Fluids: We develop the method of Maximum Entropy (ME) as a technique to generate\napproximations to probability distributions. The central results consist in (a)\njustifying the use of relative entropy as the uniquely natural criterion to\nselect a \"best\" approximation from within a family of trial distributions, and\n(b) to quantify the extent to which non-optimal trial distributions are ruled\nout. The Bogoliuvob variational method is shown to be included as a special\ncase. As an illustration we apply our method to simple fluids. In a first use\nof the ME method the \"exact\" canonical distribution is approximated by that of\na fluid of hard spheres and ME is used to select the optimal value of the\nhard-sphere diameter. A second, more refined application of the ME method\napproximates the \"exact\" distribution by a suitably weighed average over\ndifferent hard-sphere diameters and leads to a considerable improvement in\naccounting for the soft-core nature of the interatomic potential. As a specific\nexample, the radial distribution function and the equation of state for a\nLennard-Jones fluid (Argon) are compared with results from molecular dynamics\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relevant Aperiodic Modulation in the 2d Ising Model: We consider the surface critical behaviour of a semi-infinite two-dimensional\nlayered Ising model, where the couplings perpendicular to the surface follow\nthe aperiodic Rudin-Shapiro sequence. The model has unusual critical\nproperties: depending on the strength of the modulation, at the bulk critical\npoint the surface magnetization is either discontinuous or vanishes with an\nessential singularity. The critical surface magnetization as well as the form\nof the essential singularity are calculated exactly.",
        "positive": "Anomalous diffusion in correlated continuous time random walks: We demonstrate that continuous time random walks in which successive waiting\ntimes are correlated by Gaussian statistics lead to anomalous diffusion with\nmean squared displacement <r^2(t)>~t^{2/3}. Long-ranged correlations of the\nwaiting times with power-law exponent alpha (0<alpha<=2) give rise to\nsubdiffusion of the form <r^2(t)>~t^{alpha/(1+alpha)}. In contrast correlations\nin the jump lengths are shown to produce superdiffusion. We show that in both\ncases weak ergodicity breaking occurs. Our results are in excellent agreement\nwith simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to \"Comment on \"Systematic Construction of Counterexamples to the\n  Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis\"\" by Mondaini et.al: This paper is a Reply paper to the Comment paper by Mondaini et.al.\n[arXiv:1711.06279]. We first distinguish the diagonal and the off-diagonal\neigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in each sector and in the whole\nHilbert space, and then clarify their properties and their roles in\nthermalization. We argue that our formulation of the ETH in our letter is a\nstandard and natural one in the context of thermalization, and that our results\nare qualitatively new and unexpected.",
        "positive": "Height representation, critical exponents, and ergodicity in the\n  four-state triangular Potts antiferromagnet: We study the four-state antiferromagnetic Potts model on the triangular\nlattice. We show that the model has six types of defects which diffuse and\nannihilate according to certain conservation laws consistent with their having\na vector-valued topological charge. Using the properties of these defects, we\ndeduce a 2+2-dimensional height representation for the model and hence show\nthat the model is equivalent to the three-state Potts antiferromagnet on the\nKagome lattice and to bond-coloring models on the triangular and hexagonal\nlattices. We also calculate critical exponents for the ground state ensemble of\nthe model. We find that the exponents governing the spin-spin correlation\nfunction and spin fluctuations violate the Fisher scaling law because of\nconstraints on path length which increase the effective wavelength of the spin\noperator on the height lattice. We confirm our predictions by extensive Monte\nCarlo simulations of the model using the Wang-Swendsen-Kotecky cluster\nalgorithm. Although this algorithm is not ergodic on lattices with toroidal\nboundary conditions, we prove that it is ergodic on lattices with free boundary\nconditions, or more generally on lattices possessing no non-contractible loops\nof infinite order. To guard against biases introduced by lack of ergodicity, we\ntherefore perform our simulations on both the torus and the projective plane."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Overlap fluctuations in glass-forming liquids: We analyse numerically thermal fluctuations of the static overlap between\nequilibrium configurations in a glass-forming liquid approaching the glass\ntransition. We find that the emergence of slow dynamics near the onset\ntemperature correlates with the development of non-Gaussian probability\ndistributions of overlap fluctuations, measured using both annealed and\nquenched definitions. Below a critical temperature, a thermodynamic field\nconjugate to the overlap induces a first-order phase transition, whose\nexistence we numerically demonstrate in the annealed case. These results\nestablish that the approach to the glass transition is accompanied by profound\nchanges in the nature of thermodynamic fluctuations, deconstructing the view\nthat glassy dynamics occurs with little structural evolution.",
        "positive": "Motility and Energetics of Randomly Flashing Ratchets: We consider a randomly flashing ratchet, where the potential acting can be\nswitched to another at random. Using coupled Fokker-Planck equations, we\nformulate the expressions of quantities measuring dynamics and thermodynamics.\nExtended numerical calculations present how the potential landscapes and the\ntransitions affect the motility and energetics. Load-dependent velocity and\nenergetic efficiency of motor proteins, kinesin and dynein, further exemplify\nthe randomly flashing ratchet model. We also discuss the system with two\nshifted sawtooth potentials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Approximate optimal controls via instanton expansion for low temperature\n  free energy computation: The computation of free energies is a common issue in statistical physics. A\nnatural technique to compute such high dimensional integrals is to resort to\nMonte Carlo simulations. However these techniques generally suffer from a high\nvariance in the low temperature regime, because the expectation is often\ndominated by high values corresponding to rare system trajectories. A standard\nway to reduce the variance of the estimator is to modify the drift of the\ndynamics with a control enhancing the probability of rare event, leading to\nso-called importance sampling estimators. In theory, the optimal control leads\nto a zero-variance estimator; it is however defined implicitly and computing it\nis of the same difficulty as the original problem. We propose here a general\nstrategy to build approximate optimal controls in the small temperature limit\nfor diffusion processes, with the first goal to reduce the variance of free\nenergy Monte Carlo estimators. Our construction builds upon low noise\nasymptotics by expanding the optimal control around the instanton, which is the\npath describing most likely fluctuations at low temperature. This technique not\nonly helps reducing variance, but it is also interesting as a theoretical tool\nsince it differs from usual small temperature expansions (WKB ansatz). As a\ncomplementary consequence of our expansion, we provide a perturbative formula\nfor computing the free energy in the small temperature regime, which refines\nthe now standard Freidlin--Wentzell asymptotics. We compute this expansion\nexplicitly for lower orders, and explain how our strategy can be extended to an\narbitrary order of accuracy. We support our findings with illustrative\nnumerical examples.",
        "positive": "Traffic on complex networks: Towards understanding global statistical\n  properties from microscopic density fluctuations: We study the microscopic time fluctuations of traffic-load and the global\nstatistical properties of a dense traffic of particles on scale-free cyclic\ngraphs. For a wide range of driving rates $R$ the traffic is stationary and the\nload timeseries exhibit anti-persistence due to the regulatory role of the\nsuper-structure associated with two hub nodes in the network. We discuss how\nthe super-structure effects the functioning of the network at high traffic\ndensity and at the jamming threshold. The degree of correlations systematically\ndecreases with increasing traffic density and eventually disappears when\napproaching a jamming density $R_c$. Already before jamming we observe\nqualitative changes in the global network-load distributions and the particle\nqueuing-times. These changes are related to the occurrence of temporary crises\nin which the network-load increases dramatically, and then slowly falls back to\na value characterizing free-flow."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Subdiffusion in an external force field: The phenomena of subdiffusion are widely observed in physical and biological\nsystems. To investigate the effects of external potentials, say, harmonic\npotential, linear potential, and time dependent force, we study the\nsubdiffusion described by subordinated Langevin equation with white Gaussian\nnoise, or equivalently, by the single Langevin equation with compound noise. If\nthe force acts on the subordinated process, it keeps working all the time;\notherwise, the force just exerts an influence on the system at the moments of\njump. Some common statistical quantities, such as, the ensemble and time\naveraged mean squared displacement, position autocorrelation function,\ncorrelation coefficient, generalized Einstein relation, are discussed to\ndistinguish the effects of various forces and different patterns of acting. The\ncorresponding Fokker-Planck equations are also presented. All the stochastic\nprocesses discussed here are non-stationary, non-ergodicity, and aging.",
        "positive": "Glass-like dynamical behavior in hierarchical models submitted to\n  continuous cooling and heating processes: The dynamical behavior of a kind of models with hierarchically constrained\ndynamics is investigated. The models exhibit many properties resembling real\nstructural glasses. In particular, we focus on the study of time-dependent\ntemperature processes. In cooling processes, a phenomenon analogous to the\nlaboratory glass transition appears. The residual properties are analytically\nevaluated, and the concept of fictive temperature is discussed on a physical\nbase. The evolution of the system in heating processes is governed by the\nexistence of a normal solution of the evolution equations, which is approached\nby all the other solutions. This trend of the system is directly related to the\nglassy hysteresis effects shown by these systems. The existence of the normal\nsolution is not restricted to the linear regime around equilibrium, but it is\ndefined for any arbitrary, far from equilibrium, situation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometrical Frustration and Static Correlations in Hard-Sphere Glass\n  Formers: We analytically and numerically characterize the structure of hard-sphere\nfluids in order to review various geometrical frustration scenarios of the\nglass transition. We find generalized polytetrahedral order to be correlated\nwith increasing fluid packing fraction, but to become increasingly irrelevant\nwith increasing dimension. We also find the growth in structural correlations\nto be modest in the dynamical regime accessible to computer simulations.",
        "positive": "Training neural network ensembles via trajectory sampling: In machine learning, there is renewed interest in neural network ensembles\n(NNEs), whereby predictions are obtained as an aggregate from a diverse set of\nsmaller models, rather than from a single larger model. Here, we show how to\ndefine and train a NNE using techniques from the study of rare trajectories in\nstochastic systems. We define an NNE in terms of the trajectory of the model\nparameters under a simple, and discrete in time, diffusive dynamics, and train\nthe NNE by biasing these trajectories towards a small time-integrated loss, as\ncontrolled by appropriate counting fields which act as hyperparameters. We\ndemonstrate the viability of this technique on a range of simple supervised\nlearning tasks. We discuss potential advantages of our trajectory sampling\napproach compared with more conventional gradient based methods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local electromigration model for crystal surfaces: We analyze the dynamics of crystal surfaces in the presence of\nelectromigration. From a phase field model with a migration force which depends\non the local geometry, we derive a step model with additional contributions in\nthe kinetic boundary conditions. These contributions trigger various surface\ninstabilities, such as step meandering, bunching and pairing on vicinal\nsurfaces. Experiments are discussed.",
        "positive": "Disassortativity of random critical branching trees: Random critical branching trees (CBTs) are generated by the multiplicative\nbranching process, where the branching number is determined stochastically,\nindependent of the degree of their ancestor. Here we show analytically that\ndespite this stochastic independence, there exists the degree-degree\ncorrelation (DDC) in the CBT and it is disassortative. Moreover, the skeletons\nof fractal networks, the maximum spanning trees formed by the edge betweenness\ncentrality, behave similarly to the CBT in the DDC. This analytic solution and\nobservation support the argument that the fractal scaling in complex networks\noriginates from the disassortativity in the DDC."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Critique of multinomial coefficient method for evaluating\n  Tsallis and Renyi entropies\" by A.S. Parvan: Parvan [arXiv:0911.0383v1] [1] has recently presented some calculations in\norder to demonstrate the incorrectness of the results obtained from the\ngeneralized multinomial coefficients (GMC) presented in Ref. [2]. According to\nParvan, the aforementioned approach of studying maximum entropy probability\ndistributions is erroneous. In this comment I demonstrate that Parvan's\narguments do not hold true and that the obtained results from GMC do not\npresent either mathematical or physical discrepancies.",
        "positive": "Stripe-tetragonal phase transition in the 2D Ising model with dipole\n  interactions: Partition-function zeros approach: We have performed multicanonical simulations to study the critical behavior\nof the two-dimensional Ising model with dipole interactions. This study\nconcerns the thermodynamic phase transitions in the range of the interaction\n\\delta where the phase characterized by striped configurations of width h=1 is\nobserved. Controversial results obtained from local update algorithms have been\nreported for this region, including the claimed existence of a second-order\nphase transition line that becomes first order above a tricritical point\nlocated somewhere between \\delta=0.85 and 1. Our analysis relies on the complex\npartition function zeros obtained with high statistics from multicanonical\nsimulations. Finite size scaling relations for the leading partition function\nzeros yield critical exponents \\nu that are clearly consistent with a single\nsecond-order phase transition line, thus excluding such tricritical point in\nthat region of the phase diagram. This conclusion is further supported by\nanalysis of the specific heat and susceptibility of the orientational order\nparameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Crystallization Conjecture: A Review: In this article we describe the crystallization conjecture. It states that,\nin appropriate physical conditions, interacting particles always place\nthemselves into periodic configurations, breaking thereby the natural\ntranslation-invariance of the system. This famous problem is still largely\nopen. Mathematically, it amounts to studying the minima of a real-valued\nfunction defined on $\\mathbb{R}^{3N}$ where $N$ is the number of particles,\nwhich tends to infinity. We review the existing literature and mention several\nrelated open problems, of which many have not been thoroughly studied.",
        "positive": "Hierarchical organization of cities and nations: Universality in the behavior of complex systems often reveals itself in the\nform of scale-invariant distributions that are essentially independent of the\ndetails of the microscopic dynamics. A representative paradigm of complex\nbehavior in nature is cooperative evolution. The interaction of individuals\ngives rise to a wide variety of collective phenomena that strongly differ from\nindividual dynamics---such as demographic evolution, cultural and technological\ndevelopment, and economic activity. A striking example of such cooperative\nphenomena is the formation of urban aggregates which, in turn, can be\nconsidered to cooperate in giving rise to nations. We find that population and\narea distributions of nations follow an inverse power-law behavior, as is known\nfor cities. The exponents, however, are radically different in the two cases\n($\\mu \\approx 1$ for nations, $\\mu \\approx 2$ for cities). We interpret these\nfindings by developing growth models for cities and for nations related to\nbasic properties of partition of the plane. These models allow one to\nunderstand the empirical findings without resort to the introduction of complex\nsocio-economic factors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sznajd opinion dynamics with global and local neighbourhood: In this modification of the Sznajd consensus model on the square lattice, two\npeople of arbitrary distance who agree in their opinions convince their nearest\nneighbours of this opinion. Similarly to the mean field theory of Slanina and\nLavicka, the times needed to reach consensus are distributed exponentially and\nare quite small. The width of the phase transition vanishes reciprocally to the\nlinear lattice dimension. Advertising has effects independent of the system\nsize. For more than two opinions, three opinions reach a consensus in roughly\nhalf of the samples, and four only rarely and only for small lattices.",
        "positive": "Single-file Diffusion with Random Diffusion Constants: The single-file problem of N particles in one spatial dimension is analyzed,\nwhen each particle has a randomly distributed diffusion constant D sampled in a\ndensity $\\rho(D)$. The averaged one-particle distributions of the edge\nparticles and the asymptotic ($N\\gg 1$) behaviours of their transport\ncoefficients (anomalous velocity and diffusion constant) are strongly dependent\non the D-distribution law, broad or narrow. When $\\rho$ is exponential, it is\nshown that the average one-particle front for the edge particles does not\nshrink when N becomes very large, as contrasted to the pure (non-disordered)\ncase. In addition, when $\\rho$ is a broad law, the same occurs for the averaged\nfront, which can even have infinite mean and variance. On the other hand, it is\nshown that the central particle, dynamically trapped by all others as it is,\nfollows a narrow distribution, which is a Gaussian (with a diffusion constant\nscaling as $N^{-1}$) when the fractional moment $<D^{-1/2}>$ exists and is\nfinite; otherwise ($\\rho(D)\\propto D^{\\alpha-1}, \\alpha\\le\\case12$), this\ndensity is, far from the origin, a stretched exponential with an exponent in\nthe range $]0, 2]$; then the effective diffusion constant scales as\n$N^{-\\beta}$, with $\\beta = 1/(2\\alpha)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ising model with memory: coarsening and persistence properties: We consider the coarsening properties of a kinetic Ising model with a memory\nfield. The probability of a spin-flip depends on the persistence time of the\nspin in a state. The more a spin has been in a given state, the less the\nspin-flip probability is. We numerically studied the growth and persistence\nproperties of such a system on a two dimensional square lattice. The memory\nintroduces energy barriers which freeze the system at zero temperature. At\nfinite temperature we can observe an apparent arrest of coarsening for low\ntemperature and long memory length. However, since the energy barriers\nintroduced by memory are due to local effects, there exists a timescale on\nwhich coarsening takes place as for the Ising model. Moreover the two point\ncorrelation functions of the Ising model with and without memory are the same,\nindicating that they belong to the same universality class.",
        "positive": "Additivity, density fluctuations, and nonequilibrium thermodynamics for\n  active Brownian particles: Using an additivity property, we study particle-number fluctuations in a\nsystem of interacting self-propelled particles, called active Brownian\nparticles (ABPs), which consists of repulsive disks with random self-propulsion\nvelocities. From a fluctuation-response relation - a direct consequence of\nadditivity, we formulate a thermodynamic theory which captures the previously\nobserved features of nonequilibrium phase transition in the ABPs from a\nhomogeneous fluid phase to an inhomogeneous phase of coexisting gas and liquid.\nWe substantiate the predictions of additivity by analytically calculating the\nsubsystem particle-number distributions in the homogeneous fluid phase away\nfrom criticality where analytically obtained distributions are compatible with\nsimulations in the ABPs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Different approaches to describe depletion regions in first order phase\n  transition kinetics: The theory of nucleation with depletion zones is discussed. The approach of\nstochastic effects of solitary droplet is analyzed. The negative features of a\nsolution with fixed boundary are outlined. A new solution with effective fixed\nboundary is proposed. All main stochastic characteristics are obtained.",
        "positive": "Percolation of overlapping squares or cubes on a lattice: Porous media are often modelled as systems of overlapping obstacles, which\nleads to the problem of two percolation thresholds in such systems, one for the\nporous matrix and the other one for the void space. Here we investigate these\npercolation thresholds in the model of overlapping squares or cubes of linear\nsize $k>1$ randomly distributed on a regular lattice. We find that the\npercolation threshold of obstacles is a nonmonotonic function of $k$, whereas\nthe percolation threshold of the void space is well approximated by a function\nlinear in $1/k$. We propose a generalization of the excluded volume\napproximation to discrete systems and use it to investigate the transition\nbetween continuous and discrete percolation, finding a remarkable agreement\nbetween the theory and numerical results. We argue that the continuous\npercolation threshold of aligned squares on a plane is the same for the solid\nand void phases and estimate the continuous percolation threshold of the void\nspace around aligned cubes in a 3D space as 0.036(1). We also discuss the\nconnection of the model to the standard site percolation with complex\nneighborhood."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anti-Coarsening and Complex Dynamics of Step Bunches on Vicinal Surfaces\n  during Sublimation: A sublimating vicinal crystal surface can undergo a step bunching instability\nwhen the attachment-detachment kinetics is asymmetric, in the sense of a normal\nEhrlich-Schwoebel effect. Here we investigate this instability in a model that\ntakes into account the subtle interplay between sublimation and step-step\ninteractions, which breaks the volume-conserving character of the dynamics\nassumed in previous work. On the basis of a systematically derived continuum\nequation for the surface profile, we argue that the non-conservative terms pose\na limitation on the size of emerging step bunches. This conclusion is supported\nby extensive simulations of the discrete step dynamics, which show breakup of\nlarge bunches into smaller ones as well as arrested coarsening and periodic\noscillations between states with different numbers of bunches.",
        "positive": "Mass-Transport Models with Fragmentation and Aggregation: We present a review of nonequilibrium phase transitions in mass-transport\nmodels with kinetic processes like fragmentation, diffusion, aggregation, etc.\nThese models have been used extensively to study a wide range of physical\nproblems. We provide a detailed discussion of the analytical and numerical\ntechniques used to study mass-transport phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Generalized Boltzmann Distribution is the Only Distribution in Which\n  the Gibbs-Shannon Entropy Equals the Thermodynamic Entropy: We show that the generalized Boltzmann distribution is the only distribution\nfor which the Gibbs-Shannon entropy equals the thermodynamic entropy. This\nresult means that the thermodynamic entropy and the Gibbs-Shannon entropy are\nnot generally equal, but rather than the equality holds only in the special\ncase where a system is in equilibrium with a reservoir.",
        "positive": "An exact formula for the variance of linear statistics in the\n  one-dimensional jellium mode: We consider the jellium model of $N$ particles on a line confined in an\nexternal harmonic potential and with a pairwise one-dimensional Coulomb\nrepulsion of strength $\\alpha > 0$. Using a Coulomb gas method, we study the\nstatistics of $s = (1/N) \\sum_{i=1}^N f(x_i)$ where $f(x)$, in principle, is an\narbitrary smooth function. While the mean of $s$ is easy to compute, the\nvariance is nontrivial due to the long-range Coulomb interactions. In this\npaper we demonstrate that the fluctuations around this mean are Gaussian with a\nvariance ${\\rm Var}(s) \\approx b/N^3$ for large $N$. We provide an exact\ncompact formula for the constant $b = 1/(4\\alpha) \\int_{-2 \\alpha}^{2\\alpha}\n[f'(x)]^2\\, dx$. In addition, we also calculate the full large deviation\nfunction characterising the tails of the full distribution ${\\cal P}(s,N)$ for\nseveral different examples of $f(x)$. Our analytical predictions are confirmed\nby numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Preparation of a quantum state with one molecule at each site of an\n  optical lattice: Ultracold gases in optical lattices are of great interest, because these\nsystems bear a great potential for applications in quantum simulations and\nquantum information processing, in particular when using particles with a\nlong-range dipole-dipole interaction, such as polar molecules. Here we show the\npreparation of a quantum state with exactly one molecule at each site of an\noptical lattice. The molecules are produced from an atomic Mott insulator with\na density profile chosen such that the central region of the gas contains two\natoms per lattice site. A Feshbach resonance is used to associate the atom\npairs to molecules. Remaining atoms can be removed with blast light. The\ntechnique does not rely on the molecule-molecule interaction properties and is\ntherefore applicable to many systems.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram for ensembles of random close packed Ising-like dipoles as\n  a function of texturation: We study random close packed systems of magnetic spheres by Monte Carlo\nsimulations in order to estimate their phase diagram. The uniaxial anisotropy\nof the spheres makes each of them behave as a single Ising dipole along a fixed\neasy axis. We explore the phase diagram in terms of the temperature and the\ndegree of alignment (or texturation) among the easy axes of all spheres. This\ndegree of alignment ranges from the textured case (all easy axes pointing along\na common direction) to the non-textured case (randomly distributed easy axes).\nIn the former case we find long-range ferromagnetic order at low temperature\nbut, as the degree of alignment is diminished below a certain threshold, the\nferromagnetic phase gives way to a spin-glass phase. This spin-glass phase is\nsimilar to the one previously found in other dipolar systems with strong frozen\ndisorder. The transition between ferromagnetism and spin-glass passes through a\nnarrow intermediate phase with quasi-long-range ferromagnetic order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interfacial morphology and correlations in adsorption at a chemically\n  structured substrate - exact results in d=2: Adsorption at a 1-dimensional planar substrate equipped with a localized\nchemical inhomogeneity is studied within the framework of a continuum\ninterfacial model from the point of view of interfacial morphology and\ncorrelation function properties. Exact expressions for the one-point and\ntwo-point probability distribution functions $P_\\Gamma (l_\\Gamma)$ and\n$P_{\\Gamma_1, \\Gamma_2}(l_{\\Gamma_1},l_{\\Gamma_2})$, $l_\\Gamma$ being the\ninterface position above a fixed point $\\Gamma$ of the substrate, are derived\nfor temperature corresponding to the inhomogeneity's wetting transition. It is\ndemonstrated that in the limit of macroscopic inhomogeneity's size the net\neffect of the remaining homogeneous parts of the substrate on the interfacial\nmorphology above the inhomogeneity is exactly equivalent to appropriate pinning\nof the interface at its boundaries. The structure of the average interfacial\nmorphology and correlation function in this limit are discussed and compared to\nearlier results obtained for systems with homogeneous substrate.",
        "positive": "Universal Jump in the Helicity Modulus of the Two-Dimensional Quantum XY\n  Model: The helicity modulus of the S=1/2 XY model is precisely estimated through a\nworld line quantum Monte Carlo method enhanced by a cluster update algorithm.\nThe obtained estimates for various system sizes and temperatures are well\nfitted by a scaling form with L replaced by \\log(L/L_0), which is inferred from\nthe solution of the Kosterlitz renormalization group equation. The validity of\nthe Kosterlitz-Thouless theory for this model is confirmed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Abelian Sandpile Model on the Honeycomb Lattice: We check the universality properties of the two-dimensional Abelian sandpile\nmodel by computing some of its properties on the honeycomb lattice. Exact\nexpressions for unit height correlation functions in presence of boundaries and\nfor different boundary conditions are derived. Also, we study the statistics of\nthe boundaries of avalanche waves by using the theory of SLE and suggest that\nthese curves are conformally invariant and described by SLE2.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation theorem in cavity quantum electrodynamics systems: We derive an integral fluctuation theorem (FT) in a general setup of cavity\nquantum electrodynamics systems. In the derivation, a key difficulty lies in a\ndiverging behavior of entropy change arising from the zero-temperature limit of\nan external bath, which is required to describe the cavity loss. We solve this\ndifficulty from the viewpoint of absolute irreversibility and find that two\ntypes of absolute irreversibility contribute to the integral FT. Furthermore,\nwe show that, in a stationary and small cavity-loss condition, these\ncontributions have simple relationships to the average number of photons\nemitted out of the cavity, and the integral FT yields an approximate form\nindependent of the setup details. We illustrate the general results with a\nnumerical simulation in a model of quantum heat engine."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transitions between imperfectly ordered crystalline structures: A phase\n  switch Monte Carlo study: A model for two-dimensional colloids confined laterally by \"structured\nboundaries\" (i.e., ones that impose a periodicity along the slit) is studied by\nMonte Carlo simulations. When the distance D between the confining walls is\nreduced at constant particle number from an initial value D_0, for which a\ncrystalline structure commensurate with the imposed periodicity fits, to\nsmaller values, a succession of phase transitions to imperfectly ordered\nstructures occur. These structures have a reduced number of rows parallel to\nthe boundaries (from n to n-1 to n-2 etc.) and are accompanied by an almost\nperiodic strain pattern, due to \"soliton staircases\" along the boundaries.\nSince standard simulation studies of such transitions are hampered by huge\nhysteresis effects, we apply the phase switch Monte Carlo method to estimate\nthe free energy difference between the structures as a function of the misfit\nbetween D and D_0, thereby locating where the transitions occurs in\nequilibrium. For comparison, we also obtain this free energy difference from a\nthermodynamic integration method: the results agree, but the effort required to\nobtain the same accuracy as provided by phase switch Monte Carlo would be at\nleast three orders of magnitude larger. We also show for a situation where\nseveral \"candidate structures\" exist for a phase, that phase switch Monte Carlo\ncan clearly distinguish the metastable structures from the stable one. Finally,\napplying the method in the conjugate statistical ensemble (where the normal\npressure conjugate to D is taken as an independent control variable) we show\nthat the standard equivalence between the conjugate ensembles of statistical\nmechanics is violated.",
        "positive": "Interdependence of dynamical signals and topology: Detecting the\n  influential nodes in networks: By studying varies dynamical processes, including coupled maps, cellular\nautomata and coupled differential equations, on five different kinds of known\nnetworks, we found a positive relation between signal correlation and node's\ndegree. Thus a method of identifying influential nodes in dynamical systems is\nproposed, its validity is studied, and potential applications on real systems\nare discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Paradoxical non-linear response of a Brownian particle: We consider a Brownian particle in a ``meandering'' periodic potential when\nthe ambient temperature is a periodically or stochastically varying function of\ntime. Though far from equilibrium, the linear response of the particle to an\nexternal static force is exactly the same as in the equilibrium case, i.e. for\nconstant temperature. Even more surprising is the non-linear response: the\nparticle slows down and then even starts to move in the direction opposite to\nthe applied force.",
        "positive": "Metastability in the Hamiltonian Mean Field model and Kuramoto model: We briefly discuss the state of the art on the anomalous dynamics of the\nHamiltonian Mean Field model. We stress the important role of the initial\nconditions for understanding the microscopic nature of the intriguing\nmetastable quasi stationary states observed in the model and the connections to\nTsallis statistics and glassy dynamics. We also present new results on the\nexistence of metastable states in the Kuramoto model and discuss the\nsimilarities with those found in the HMF model. The existence of metastability\nseem to be quite a common phenomenon in fully coupled systems, whose origin\ncould be also interpreted as a dynamical mechanism preventing or hindering\nsinchronization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Lattice Gas Coupled to Two Thermal Reservoirs: Monte Carlo and Field\n  Theoretic Studies: We investigate the collective behavior of an Ising lattice gas, driven to\nnon-equilibrium steady states by being coupled to {\\em two} thermal baths.\nMonte Carlo methods are applied to a two-dimensional system in which one of the\nbaths is fixed at infinite temperature. Both generic long range correlations in\nthe disordered state and critical poperties near the second order transition\nare measured. Anisotropic scaling, a key feature near criticality, is used to\nextract $T_{c}$ and some critical exponents. On the theoretical front, a\ncontinuum theory, in the spirit of Landau-Ginzburg, is presented. Being a\nrenormalizable theory, its predictions can be computed by standard methods of\n$\\epsilon $-expansions and found to be consistent with simulation data. In\nparticular, the critical behavior of this system belongs to a universality\nclass which is quite {\\em different} from the uniformly driven Ising model.",
        "positive": "Finite-temperature phase transition in a homogeneous one-dimensional gas\n  of attractive bosons: In typical one-dimensional models the Mermin-Wagner theorem forbids long\nrange order, thus preventing finite-temperature phase transitions. We find a\nfinite-temperature phase transition for a homogeneous system of attractive\nbosons in one dimension. The low-temperature phase is characterized by a\nquantum bright soliton without long range order; the high-temperature phase is\na free gas. Numerical calculations for finite particle numbers show a specific\nheat scaling as $N^2$, consistent with a vanishing transition region in the\nthermodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological transition in disordered planar matching: combinatorial arcs\n  expansion: In this paper, we investigate analytically the properties of the disordered\nBernoulli model of planar matching. This model is characterized by a\ntopological phase transition, yielding complete planar matching solutions only\nabove a critical density threshold. We develop a combinatorial procedure of\narcs expansion that explicitly takes into account the contribution of short\narcs, and allows to obtain an accurate analytical estimation of the critical\nvalue by reducing the global constrained problem to a set of local ones. As an\napplication to a toy representation of the RNA secondary structures, we suggest\ngeneralized models that incorporate a one-to-one correspondence between the\ncontact matrix and the RNA-type sequence, thus giving sense to the notion of\neffective non-integer alphabets.",
        "positive": "Controlling Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions: We study the dynamics arising from a double quantum quench where the\nparameters of a given Hamiltonian are abruptly changed from being in an\nequilibrium phase A to a different phase B and back (A$\\to$B$\\to$A). As\nprototype models, we consider the (integrable) transverse field Ising as well\nas the (non-integrable) ANNNI model. The return amplitude features\nnon-analyticities after the first quench through the equilibrium quantum\ncritical point (A$\\to$B), which is routinely taken as a signature of passing\nthrough a so-called dynamical quantum phase transition. We demonstrate that\nnon-analyticities after the second quench (B$\\to$A) can be avoided and\nreestablished in a recurring manner upon increasing the time $T$ spent in phase\nB. The system retains an infinite memory of its past state, and one has the\nintriguing opportunity to control at will whether or not dynamical quantum\nphase transitions appear after the second quench."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inhomogeneous quenches in the transverse field Ising chain: scaling and\n  front dynamics: We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of the transverse field quantum\nIsing chain evolving from an inhomogeneous initial state given by joining two\nmacroscopically different semi-infinite chains. We obtain integral expressions\nfor all two-point correlation functions of the Jordan-Wigner Majorana fermions\nat any time and for any value of the transverse field. Using this result, we\ncompute analytically the profiles of various physical observables in the\nspace-time scaling limit and show that they can be obtained from a hydrodynamic\npicture based on ballistically propagating quasiparticles. Going beyond the\nhydrodynamic limit, we analyze the approach to the non-equilibrium steady state\nand find that the leading late time corrections display a lattice effect. We\nalso study the fine structure of the propagating fronts which are found to be\ndescribed by the Airy kernel and its derivatives. Near the front we observe the\nphenomenon of energy back-flow where the energy locally flows from the colder\nto the hotter region.",
        "positive": "Pattern Description of Quantum Phase Transitions in the Transverse\n  Antiferromagnetic Ising Model with a Longitudinal Field: Despite of simplicity of the transverse antiferromagnetic Ising model with a\nuniform longitudinal field, its phases and involved quntum phase transitions\n(QPTs) are nontrivial in comparison to its ferromagnetic counterpart. For\nexample, what is the nature of the mixed-order in such a model and does there\nexist a disorder phase? Here we use a pattern picture to explore the\ncompetitions between the antiferromagnetic Ising interaction, the transverse\nand longitudinal fields and uncover what kind of pattern takes responsibility\nof these three competing energy scales, thus determine the possible phases and\ntheir QPTs or crossovers. Our results not only unveil rich physics of this\nparadigmatic model, but also further stimulate quantum simulation by using\ncurrent available experimental platforms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Another Dual Gonihedric 3D Ising Model: The gonihedric Ising Hamiltonians defined in three and higher dimensions by\nSavvidy and Wegner provide an extensive, and little explored, catalogue of spin\nmodels on (hyper)cubic lattices with many interesting features. In three\ndimensions the kappa=0 gonihedric Ising model on a cubic lattice has been shown\nto possess a degenerate low-temperature phase and a first order phase\ntransition, as well as interesting dynamical properties. The dual Hamiltonian\nto this may be written as an anisotropic Ashkin-Teller model and also has a\ndegenerate low-temperature phase as a result of similar symmetries to the\noriginal plaquette action.\n  It is possible to write an alternative dual formulation which utilizes three\nflavours of spins, rather than the two of the Ashkin-Teller model. This still\npossesses anisotropic couplings, but all the interaction terms are now four\nspin couplings and it acquires an additional, local gauge symmetry. We\ninvestigate this alternative dual Hamiltonian using zero temperature and\nmean-field methods together with Monte-Carlo simulations and discuss its\nproperties and the relation to the Ashkin-Teller variant.",
        "positive": "Diffusion as mixing mechanism in granular materials: We present several numerical results on granular mixtures. In particular, we\nexamine the efficiency of diffusion as a mixing mechanism in these systems. The\ncollisions are inelastic and to compensate the energy loss, we thermalize the\ngrains by adding a random force. Starting with a segregated system, we show\nthat uniform agitation (heating) leads to a uniform mixture of grains of\ndifferent sizes. We define a characteristic mixing time, $\\tau_{mix}$, and\nstudy theoretically and numerically its dependence on other parameters like the\ndensity. We examine a model for bidisperse systems for which we can calculate\nsome physical quantities. We also examine the effect of a temperature gradient\nand demonstrate the appearance of an expected segregation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Beyond Cahn-Hilliard-Cook: Early time behavior of symmetry breaking\n  phase transition kinetics: We extend the early time ordering theory of Cahn, Hilliard, and Cook\n  (CHC) so that our generalized theory applies to solid-to-solid transitions.\nOur theory involves spatial symmetry breaking (the initial phase contains a\nsymmetry not present in the final phase). The predictions of our generalization\ndiffer from those of the CHC theory in two important ways: exponential growth\ndoes not begin immediately following the quench, and the objects that grow\nexponentially are not necessarily Fourier modes. Our theory is consistent with\nsimulation results for the long-range antiferromagnetic Ising model.",
        "positive": "Intermittency and non-Gaussian fluctuations of the global energy\n  transfer in fully developed turbulence: We address the experimentally observed non-Gaussian fluctuations for the\nenergy injected into a closed turbulent flow at fixed Reynolds number. We\npropose that the power fluctuations mirror the internal kinetic energy\nfluctuations. Using a stochastic cascade model, we construct the excess kinetic\nenergy as the sum over the energy transfers at different levels of the cascade.\nWe find an asymmetric distribution that strongly resembles the experimental\ndata. The asymmetry is an explicit consequence of intermittency and the global\nmeasure is dominated by small scale events correlated over the entire system.\nOur calculation is consistent with the statistical analogy recently made\nbetween a confined turbulent flow and a critical system of finite size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of the three-state random-field Potts model in three\n  dimensions: Enormous advances have been made in the past 20 years in our understanding of\nthe random-field Ising model, and there is now consensus on many aspects of its\nbehavior at least in thermal equilibrium. In contrast, little is known about\nits generalization to the random-field Potts model which has wide-ranging\napplications. Here we start filling this gap with an investigation of the\nthree-state random-field Potts model in three dimensions. Building on the\nsuccess of ground-state calculations for the Ising system, we use a recently\ndeveloped approximate scheme based on graph-cut methods to study the properties\nof the zero-temperature random fixed point of the system that determines the\nzero and non-zero temperature transition behavior. We find compelling evidence\nfor a continuous phase transition. Implementing an extensive finite-size\nscaling (FSS) analysis, we determine the critical exponents and compare them to\nthose of the random-field Ising model.",
        "positive": "Reliability and entropy production in non-equilibrium electronic\n  memories: We find the relation between reliability and entropy production in a\nrealistic model of electronic memory (low-power MOS-based SRAM) where logical\nvalues are encoded as metastable non-equilibrium states. We employ large\ndeviations techniques to obtain an analytical expression for the bistable\nquasipotential describing the non-equilibrium steady state and use it to derive\nan explicit expression bounding the error rate of the memory. Our results go\nbeyond the dominant contribution given by classical instanton theory and\nprovide accurate estimates of the error rate as confirmed by comparison with\nstochastic simulations. The methods developed can be adapted to study the\nreliability of broad classes of nonlinear devices subjected to thermal noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simulations of fluctuations of quantum statistical systems of electrons: The random matrix ensembles (RMT) of quantum statistical Hamiltonian\noperators, e.g.Gaussian random matrix ensembles (GRME) and Ginibre random\nmatrix ensembles (Ginibre RME), are applied to following quantum statistical\nsystems: nuclear systems, molecular systems, and two-dimensional electron\nsystems (Wigner-Dyson's electrostatic analogy). The Ginibre ensemble of\nnonhermitean random Hamiltonian matrices $K$ is considered. Each quantum system\ndescribed by $K$ is a dissipative system and the eigenenergies $Z_{i}$ of the\nHamiltonian are complex-valued random variables. The second difference of\ncomplex eigenenergies is viewed as discrete analog of Hessian with respect to\nlabelling index. The results are considered in view of Wigner and Dyson's\nelectrostatic analogy. An extension of space of dynamics of random magnitudes\nis performed by introduction of discrete space of labeling indices. The\ncomparison with the Gaussian ensembles of random hermitean Hamiltonian matrices\n$H$ is performed. Measures of quantum chaos and quantum integrability with\nrespect to eigenergies of quantum systems are defined and they are calculated.\n  Quantum statistical information functional is defined as negentropy (opposite\nof von Neumann's entropy or minus entropy). The probability distribution\nfunctionals for the random matrix ensembles (RMT) are derived from the maximum\nentropy principle.",
        "positive": "On the efficiency of an autonomous dynamic Szilard engine operating on a\n  single active particle: The Szilard engine stands as a compelling illustration of the intricate\ninterplay between information and thermodynamics. While at thermodynamic\nequilibrium, the apparent breach of the second law of thermodynamics was\nreconciled by Landauer and Bennett's insights into memory writing and erasure,\nrecent extensions of these concepts into regimes featuring active fluctuations\nhave unveiled the prospect of exceeding Landauer's bound, capitalizing on\ninformation to divert free energy from dissipation towards useful work. To\nexplore this question further, we investigate an autonomous dynamic Szilard\nengine, addressing the thermodynamic consistency of work extraction and\nmeasurement costs by extending the phase space to incorporate an auxiliary\nsystem, which plays the role of an explicit measurement device. The\nnonreciprocal coupling between active particle and measurement device\nintroduces a feedback control loop, and the cost of measurement is quantified\nthrough excess entropy production. The study considers different measurement\nscenarios, highlighting the role of measurement precision in determining engine\nefficiency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergence of local irreversibility in complex interacting systems: Living systems are fundamentally irreversible, breaking detailed balance and\nestablishing an arrow of time. But how does the evident arrow of time for a\nwhole system arise from the interactions among its multiple elements? We show\nthat the local evidence for the arrow of time, which is the entropy production\nfor thermodynamic systems, can be decomposed. First, it can be split into two\ncomponents: an independent term reflecting the dynamics of individual elements\nand an interaction term driven by the dependencies among elements. Adapting\ntools from non--equilibrium physics, we further decompose the interaction term\ninto contributions from pairs of elements, triplets, and higher--order terms.\nWe illustrate our methods on models of cellular sensing and logical\ncomputations, as well as on patterns of neural activity in the retina as it\nresponds to visual inputs. We find that neural activity can define the arrow of\ntime even when the visual inputs do not, and that the dominant contribution to\nthis breaking of detailed balance comes from interactions among pairs of\nneurons.",
        "positive": "Thermal rectification in oscillator lattices with a ballistic spacer and\n  next nearest-neighbor interactions: In this work we study the asymmetric heat flow, i.e., thermal rectification,\nof a one-dimensional, mass-graded system consisting of acoupled harmonic\noscillator lattice (ballistic spacer) and two diffusive leads attached to the\nboundaries of the former with both nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor\n(NNN) interactions. The latter enhance the rectification properties of the\nsystem and specially its independence on system size. The system presents a\nmaximum rectification efficiency for a very precise value of the parameter that\ncontrols the coupling strength of the NNN interactions that depend on the\ntemperature range wherein the device operates. The origin of this maximum value\nis the asymmetric local heat flow response corresponding to the NNN\ncontribution at both sides of the lighter mass-loaded diffusive lead as\nquantified by the spectral properties. Upon variation of the system's\nparameters the performance of the device is always enhanced in the presence of\nNNN interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wilson renormalization of a reaction-diffusion process: Healthy and sick individuals (A and B particles) diffuse independently with\ndiffusion constants D_A and D_B. Sick individuals upon encounter infect healthy\nones (at rate k), but may also spontaneously recover (at rate 1/\\tau). The\npropagation of the epidemic therefore couples to the fluctuations in the total\npopulation density. Global extinction occurs below a critical value \\rho_{c} of\nthe spatially averaged total density. The epidemic evolves as the\ndiffusion--reaction--decay process\n  A + B --> 2B, B --> A ,\n  for which we write down the field theory. The stationary state properties of\nthis theory when D_A=D_B were obtained by Kree et al. The critical behavior for\nD_A<D_B is governed by a new fixed point. We calculate the critical exponents\nof the stationary state in an $\\eps$ expansion, carried out by Wilson\nrenormalization, below the critical dimension d_{c}=4. We then go on to to\nobtain the critical initial time behavior at the extinction threshold, both for\nD_A=D_B and D_A<D_B. There is nonuniversal dependence on the initial particle\ndistribution. The case D_A>D_B remains unsolved.",
        "positive": "Generalized model for dynamic percolation: We study the dynamics of a carrier, which performs a biased motion under the\ninfluence of an external field E, in an environment which is modeled by dynamic\npercolation and created by hard-core particles. The particles move randomly on\na simple cubic lattice, constrained by hard-core exclusion, and they\nspontaneously annihilate and re-appear at some prescribed rates. Using\ndecoupling of the third-order correlation functions into the product of the\npairwise carrier-particle correlations we determine the density profiles of the\n\"environment\" particles, as seen from the stationary moving carrier, and\ncalculate its terminal velocity, V_c, as the function of the applied field and\nother system parameters. We find that for sufficiently small driving forces the\nforce exerted on the carrier by the \"environment\" particles shows a\nviscous-like behavior. An analog Stokes formula for such dynamic percolative\nenvironments and the corresponding friction coefficient are derived. We show\nthat the density profile of the environment particles is strongly\ninhomogeneous: In front of the stationary moving carrier the density is higher\nthan the average density, $\\rho_s$, and approaches the average value as an\nexponential function of the distance from the carrier. Past the carrier the\nlocal density is lower than $\\rho_s$ and the relaxation towards $\\rho_s$ may\nproceed differently depending on whether the particles number is or is not\nexplicitly conserved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Force-induced unfolding of a homopolymer on fractal lattice: exact\n  results vs. mean field predictions: We study the force-induced unfolding of a homopolymer on the three\ndimensional Sierpinski gasket. The polymer is subject to a contact energy\nbetween nearest neighbour sites not consecutive along the chain and to a\nstretching force. The hierarchical nature of the lattice we consider allows for\nan exact treatment which yields the phase diagram and the critical behaviour.\nWe show that for this model mean field predictions are not correct, in\nparticular in the exact phase diagram there is {\\em not} a low temperature\nreentrance and we find that the force induced unfolding transition below the\ntheta temperature is second order.",
        "positive": "Theory of complex fluids in the warm-dense-matter regime, and\n  application to an unusual phase-transitions in liquid carbon: Data from recent laser-shock experiments, density-functional theory (DFT)\nwith molecular-dynamics (MD), and path-integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations\non carbon are compared with predictions from the neutral-pseudo-atom (NPA)+\nhyper-netted-chain (HNC) approach for carbon, a complex liquid in the\nwarm-dense matter regime. The NPA results are in good agreement, not only with\nhigh-density regimes that have been studies via PIMC, but even at low densities\nand low temperatures where transient covalent bonding dominates ionic\ncorrelations. Thus the `pre-peak' due to the C-C bond at $\\sim$1.4-1.6 \\AA$\\,$\nand other features found in the pair-distribution function from DFT+MD\nsimulations at 0.86 eV and 3.7 g/cm$^3$ etc., are recovered accurately in the\nNPA+HNC calculations. Such C-C bonding peaks have not been captured via\naverage-atom ion-sphere (IS) models. Evidence for an unusual liquid $\\to$ vapor\nand metal$\\to$ semi-metal transition occurring simultaneously is presented.\nHere a strongly correlated metallic-liquid with transient C-C bonds, i.e.,\ncarbon at density $\\sim$ 1.0 g/cm$^3$ and mean ionization $Z=4$ transits\nabruptly to a disordered mono-atomic vapour at 7 eV, with $Z\\simeq$ 3. Other\ncases where $Z$ drops abruptly are also noted. The nature of $Z$, its\ndiscontinuities, and the role of exchange correlation, are reviewed. The\nlimitations of IS models in capturing the physics of transient covalent bonding\nin warm dense matter are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "What we learn from the learning rate: The learning rate is an information-theoretical quantity for bipartite Markov\nchains describing two coupled subsystems. It is defined as the rate at which\ntransitions in the downstream subsystem tend to increase the mutual information\nbetween the two subsystems, and is bounded by the dissipation arising from\nthese transitions. Its physical interpretation, however, is unclear, although\nit has been used as a metric for the sensing performance of the downstream\nsubsystem. In this paper, we explore the behaviour of the learning rate for a\nnumber of simple model systems, establishing when and how its behaviour is\ndistinct from the instantaneous mutual information between subsystems. In the\nsimplest case, the two are almost equivalent. In more complex steady-state\nsystems, the mutual information and the learning rate behave qualitatively\ndistinctly, with the learning rate clearly now reflecting the rate at which the\ndownstream system must update its information in response to changes in the\nupstream system. It is not clear whether this quantity is the most natural\nmeasure for sensor performance, and, indeed, we provide an example in which\noptimising the learning rate over a region of parameter space of the downstream\nsystem yields an apparently sub-optimal sensor.",
        "positive": "Worm-Like-Chain Model of Forced Desorption of a Polymer Adsorbed on an\n  Attractive Wall: Forced desorption of a semiflexible polymer chain on a solid substrate is\ntheoretically investigated. The pulling force versus displacement is studied\nfor different adsorption energy and persistence length P. It is found that the\nrelationships between pulling force and cantilever displacement show a series\nof characteristic force spikes at different persistence length P. These force\nspikes becomes more pronounced but the average magnitude of this force decrease\nas P grows. Our results are of relevance to forced desorption of DNA on an\nattractive wall in single-molecule pulling experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wealth Condensation in Pareto Macro-Economies: We discuss a Pareto macro-economy (a) in a closed system with fixed total\nwealth and (b) in an open system with average mean wealth and compare our\nresults to a similar analysis in a super-open system (c) with unbounded wealth.\nWealth condensation takes place in the social phase for closed and open\neconomies, while it occurs in the liberal phase for super-open economies. In\nthe first two cases, the condensation is related to a mechanism known from the\nballs-in-boxes model, while in the last case to the non-integrable tails of the\nPareto distribution. For a closed macro-economy in the social phase, we point\nto the emergence of a ``corruption'' phenomenon: a sizeable fraction of the\ntotal wealth is always amassed by a single individual.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of condensate formation in stochastic transport with\n  pair-factorized steady states: Nucleation and coarsening time scales: Driven diffusive systems such as the zero-range process (ZRP) and the\npair-factorized steady states (PFSS) stochastic transport process are versatile\ntools that lend themselves to the study of transport phenomena on a generic\nlevel. While their mathematical structure is simple enough to allow significant\nanalytical treatment, they offer a variety of interesting phenomena. With\nappropriate dynamics, the ZRP and PFSS models feature a condensation transition\nwhere for a supercritical density the translational symmetry breaks\nspontaneously and excess particles form a single-site or spatially extended\ncondensate, respectively. In this paper we numerically study the typical time\nscales of the two stages of this condensation process: Nucleation and\ncoarsening. Nucleation is the first stage of condensation where the bulk system\nrelaxes to its stationary distribution and droplet nuclei form in the system.\nThese droplets then gradually grow or evaporate in the coarsening regime to\nfinally coalesce in a single condensate when the system finally relaxes to the\nstationary state.\n  We use the ZRP condensation model to discuss the choice of the estimation\nmethod for the nucleation time scale and present scaling exponents for the ZRP\nand PFSS condensation models with respect to the choice of the typical droplet\nmass. We then proceed to present scaling exponents in the coarsening regime of\nthe ZRP for partial-asymmetric dynamics and the PFSS model for symmetric and\nasymmetric dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic behavior of driven interfaces in models with two absorbing\n  states: We study the dynamics of an interface (active domain) between different\nabsorbing regions in models with two absorbing states in one dimension;\nprobabilistic cellular automata models and interacting monomer-dimer models.\nThese models exhibit a continuous transition from an active phase into an\nabsorbing phase, which belongs to the directed Ising (DI) universality class.\nIn the active phase, the interface spreads ballistically into the absorbing\nregions and the interface width diverges linearly in time. Approaching the\ncritical point, the spreading velocity of the interface vanishes algebraically\nwith a DI critical exponent. Introducing a symmetry-breaking field $h$ that\nprefers one absorbing state over the other drives the interface to move\nasymmetrically toward the unpreferred absorbing region. In Monte Carlo\nsimulations, we find that the spreading velocity of this driven interface shows\na discontinuous jump at criticality. We explain that this unusual behavior is\ndue to a finite relaxation time in the absorbing phase. The crossover behavior\nfrom the symmetric case (DI class) to the asymmetric case (directed percolation\nclass) is also studied. We find the scaling dimension of the symmetry-breaking\nfield $y_h = 1.21(5)$.",
        "positive": "Bootstrap percolation and kinetically constrained models on hyperbolic\n  lattices: We study bootstrap percolation (BP) on hyperbolic lattices obtained by\nregular tilings of the hyperbolic plane. Our work is motivated by the\nconnection between the BP transition and the dynamical transition of\nkinetically constrained models, which are in turn relevant for the study of\nglass and jamming transitions. We show that for generic tilings there exists a\nBP transition at a nontrivial critical density, $0<\\rho_c<1$. Thus, despite the\npresence of loops on all length scales in hyperbolic lattices, the behavior is\nvery different from that on Euclidean lattices where the critical density is\neither zero or one. Furthermore, we show that the transition has a mixed\ncharacter since it is discontinuous but characterized by a diverging\ncorrelation length, similarly to what happens on Bethe lattices and random\ngraphs of constant connectivity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Stationary States of Harmonic Chains with Bulk Noises: We consider a chain composed of $N$ coupled harmonic oscillators in contact\nwith heat baths at temperature $T_\\ell$ and $T_r$ at sites 1 and $N$\nrespectively. The oscillators are also subjected to non-momentum conserving\nbulk stochastic noises. These make the heat conductivity satisfy Fourier's law.\nHere we describe some new results about the hydrodynamical equations for\ntypical macroscopic energy and displacement profiles, as well as their\nfluctuations and large deviations, in two simple models of this type.",
        "positive": "Adsorption of Reactive Particles on a Random Catalytic Chain: An Exact\n  Solution: We study equilibrium properties of a catalytically-activated annihilation $A\n+ A \\to 0$ reaction taking place on a one-dimensional chain of length $N$ ($N\n\\to \\infty$) in which some segments (placed at random, with mean concentration\n$p$) possess special, catalytic properties. Annihilation reaction takes place,\nas soon as any two $A$ particles land onto two vacant sites at the extremities\nof the catalytic segment, or when any $A$ particle lands onto a vacant site on\na catalytic segment while the site at the other extremity of this segment is\nalready occupied by another $A$ particle. Non-catalytic segments are inert with\nrespect to reaction and here two adsorbed $A$ particles harmlessly coexist. For\nboth \"annealed\" and \"quenched\" disorder in placement of the catalytic segments,\nwe calculate exactly the disorder-average pressure per site. Explicit\nasymptotic formulae for the particle mean density and the compressibility are\nalso presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the nature of heat in strongly coupled open quantum systems: We study heat transfers in a single level quantum dot strongly coupled to\nfermionic reservoirs and subjected to a time-dependent protocol modulating the\ndot energy as well as the dot-reservoir coupling strength. The dynamics is\ndescribed using nonequilibrium Greens functions (NEGFs) evaluated to first\norder beyond quasi-static driving. We show that any heat definition expressed\nas an energy change in the reservoir energy plus any fraction of the\nsystem-reservoir interaction is not an exact differential when evaluated along\nreversible isothermal transformations, except when that fraction is zero.\nHowever, even in that latter case the reversible heat divided by temperature,\nnamely the entropy, does not satisfy the third law of thermodynamics and\ndiverges in the low temperature limit. Our results cast doubts on the\npossibility to define a thermodynamically consistent notion of heat expressed\nas the expectation value of some Hamiltonian terms.",
        "positive": "Critical behavior of active Brownian particles: Connection to field\n  theories: We explore the relation between active Brownian particles, a minimal\nparticle-based model for active matter, and scalar field theories. Both show a\nliquid-gas-like phase transition towards stable coexistence of a dense liquid\nwith a dilute active gas that terminates in a critical point. However, a\ncomprehensive mapping between the particle-based model parameters and the\neffective coefficients governing the field theories has not been established\nyet. We discuss conflicting recent numerical results for the critical exponents\nof active Brownian particles in two dimensions. Starting from the intermediate\neffective hydrodynamic equations, we then present a novel construction for a\nscalar order parameter for active Brownian particles that yields the \"active\nmodel B+\". We argue that a crucial ingredient is the coupling between density\nand polarization in the particle current. The renormalization flow close to two\ndimensions exhibits a pair of perturbative fixed points that limit the\nattractive basin of the Wilson-Fisher fixed point, with the perspective that\nthe critical behavior of active Brownian particles in two dimensions is\ngoverned by a strong-coupling fixed point different from Wilson-Fisher and not\nnecessarily corresponding to Ising universality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Influence of applied electric and magnetic fields on a thermally-induced\n  reentrance of a coupled spin-electron model on a decorated square lattice: The combination of an exact and Corner Transfer Matrix Renormalization Group\n(CTMRG) methods is used to study an influence of external electric and magnetic\nfields on existence of intriguing reentrant magnetic transitions in a coupled\nspin-electron model on a decorated square lattice. The two-dimensional (2D)\ndecorated square lattice with localized nodal spins and delocalized electrons\nis taken into account. It was found that the competition among all involved\ninteractions (the electron hopping, spin-spin and spin-electron interaction,\nexternal electric and magnetic fields) in combination with thermal fluctuations\ncan produce new type of reentrant magnetic transitions. Depending on the model\nparameters the non-zero fields can stabilize or destabilize magnetic\nreentrance. In addition, an alternative and more effective way, for modulating\nthe magnetic reentrance is found. An origin of intriguing low-temperature round\nmaximum in the specific heat was explained as a consequence of rapid changes in\nthe sublattice magnetizations, which is induced through a competition of all\npresented interactions.",
        "positive": "Renormalized sextic coupling constant for the two-dimensional Ising\n  model from field theory: The field-theoretical renormalization group approach is used to estimate the\nuniversal critical value g_6^* of renormalized sextic coupling constant for the\ntwo-dimensional Ising model. Four-loop perturbative expansion for g_6 is\ncalculated and resummed by means of the Pade-Borel-Leroy technique. Under the\noptimal value of the shift parameter b providing the fastest convergence of the\niteration procedure the estimates g_6^* = 1.10, g_6^*/{g_4^*}^2 = 2.94 are\nobtained which agree quite well with those deduced recently by S.-Y. Zinn,\nS.-N. Lai, and M. E. Fisher (Phys. Rev. E 54 (1996) 1176) from the\nhigh-temperature expansions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Detrended fluctuation analysis of the magnetic and electric field\n  variations that precede rupture: Magnetic field variations are detected before rupture in the form of `spikes'\nof alternating sign. The distinction of these `spikes' from random noise is of\nmajor practical importance, since it is easier to conduct magnetic field\nmeasurements than electric field ones. Applying detrended fluctuation analysis\n(DFA), these `spikes' look to be random at short time-lags. On the other hand,\nlong range correlations prevail at time-lags larger than the average time\ninterval between consecutive `spikes' with a scaling exponent $\\alpha$ around\n0.9. In addition, DFA is applied to recent preseismic electric field variations\nof long duration (several hours to a couple of days) and reveals a scale\ninvariant feature with an exponent $\\alpha \\approx 1$ over all scales available\n(around five orders of magnitude).",
        "positive": "Folding Lennard-Jones proteins by a contact potential: We studied the possibility to approximate a Lennard Jones interaction by a\npairwise contact potential. First we used a Lennard-Jones potential to design\noff-lattice, protein-like heteropolymer sequences, whose lowest energy (native)\nconformations were then identified by Molecular Dynamics. Then we turned to\ninvestigate whether one can find a pairwise contact potential, whose ground\nstates are the contact maps associated with these native conformations. We show\nthat such a requirement cannot be satisfied exactly - i.e. no such contact\nparameters exist. Nevertheless, we found that one can find contact energy\nparameters for which an energy minimization procedure, acting in the space of\ncontact maps, yields maps whose corresponding structures are close to the\nnative ones. Finally we show that when these structures are used as the initial\npoint of a Molecular Dynamics energy minimization process, the correct native\nfolds are recovered with high probability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of microphase separation of homopolymer-oligomer mixtures: Microphase separated structure consisting of the periodic alternation of the\nlayers of stretched homopolymer chains surrounded by perpendicularly oriented\noligomeric tails is studied for both, strongly bonded (ionic) systems and\nweakly (hydrogen) bonded systems. Our approach is based on the fact that the\nstructure period is determined by alternating associations between the head\ngroup of the surfactant and the interacting group of the polymer. Oligomer\ndistribution along the homopolymer chain is described by the effective equation\nof motion with the segment number playing the role of time. As a result,\nexperimentally observed temperature dependence of the structure period, as well\nas the dependence of the point of order--disorder transition are determined as\nfunctions of the oligomeric fraction.",
        "positive": "Constant-pressure nested sampling with atomistic dynamics: The nested sampling algorithm has been shown to be a general method for\ncalculating the pressure-temperature-composition phase diagrams of materials.\nWhile the previous implementation used single-particle Monte Carlo moves, these\nare inefficient for condensed systems with general interactions where\nsingle-particle moves cannot be evaluated faster than the energy of the whole\nsystem. Here we enhance the method by using all-particle moves: either Galilean\nMonte Carlo or a total enthalpy Hamiltonian Monte Carlo algorithm, introduced\nin this paper. We show that these algorithms enable the determination of phase\ntransition temperatures with equivalent accuracy to the previous method at\n$1/N$ of the cost for an $N$-particle system with general interactions, or at\nequal cost when single particle moves can be done in $1/N$ of the cost of a\nfull $N$-particle energy evaluation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation Theorems and Thermodynamic Inequalities for Nonequilibrium\n  Processes Stopped at Stochastic Times: We investigate thermodynamics of general nonequilibrium processes stopped at\nstochastic times. We propose a systematic strategy for constructing\nfluctuation-theorem-like martingales for each thermodynamic functional,\nyielding a family of stopping-time fluctuation theorems. We derive\nsecond-law-like thermodynamic inequalities for the mean thermodynamic\nfunctional at stochastic stopping times, the bounds of which are stronger than\nthe thermodynamic inequalities resulting from the traditional fluctuation\ntheorems when the stopping time is reduced to a deterministic one. Numerical\nverification is carried out for three well-known thermodynamic functionals,\nnamely, entropy production, free energy dissipation and dissipative work. These\nuniversal equalities and inequalities are valid for arbitrary stopping\nstrategies, and thus provide a comprehensive framework with new insights into\nthe fundamental principles governing nonequilibrium systems.",
        "positive": "Interface in presence of a wall. Results from field theory: We consider three-dimensional statistical systems at phase coexistence in the\nhalf-volume with boundary conditions leading to the presence of an interface.\nWorking slightly below the critical temperature, where universal properties\nemerge, we show how the problem can be studied analytically from first\nprinciples, starting from the degrees of freedom (particle modes) of the bulk\nfield theory. After deriving the passage probability of the interface and the\norder parameter profile in the regime in which the interface is not bound to\nthe wall, we show how the theory accounts at the fundamental level also for the\nbinding transition and its key parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optical tweezers as a mathematically driven spatio-temporal potential\n  generator: The ability to create and manipulate the spatio-temporal potentials is\nessential in the diverse fields of science and technology. Here, we introduce\nan optical feedback trap system based on a high precision position detection\nand an ultrafast feedback control of a Brownian particle in the optical\ntweezers to generate spatio-temporal virtual potentials of the desired shape in\na controlled manner. As an application, we study nonequilibrium fluctuation\ndynamics of the particle in a time-varying virtual harmonic potential and\nvalidate the Crooks fluctuation theorem in highly nonequilibrium condition.",
        "positive": "Knots in Charged Polymers: The interplay of topological constraints and Coulomb interactions in static\nand dynamic properties of charged polymers is investigated by numerical\nsimulations and scaling arguments. In the absence of screening, the long-range\ninteraction localizes irreducible topological constraints into tight molecular\nknots, while composite constraints are factored and separated. Even when the\nforces are screened, tight knots may survive as local (or even global)\nequilibria, as long as the overall rigidity of the polymer is dominated by the\nCoulomb interactions. As entanglements involving tight knots are not easy to\neliminate, their presence greatly influences the relaxation times of the\nsystem. In particular, we find that tight knots in open polymers are removed by\ndiffusion along the chain, rather than by opening up. The knot diffusion\ncoefficient actually decreases with its charge density, and for highly charged\npolymers the knot's position appears frozen."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-range nematic order and anomalous fluctuations in suspensions of\n  swimming filamentous bacteria: We study the collective dynamics of elongated swimmers in a very thin fluid\nlayer by devising long, filamentous, non-tumbling bacteria. The strong\nconfinement induces weak nematic alignment upon collision, which, for large\nenough density of cells, gives rise to global nematic order. This homogeneous\nbut fluctuating phase, observed on the largest experimentally-accessible scale\nof millimeters, exhibits the properties predicted by standard models for\nflocking such as the Vicsek-style model of polar particles with nematic\nalignment: true long-range nematic order and non-trivial giant number\nfluctuations.",
        "positive": "Amino acid chiral amplification using Monte Carlo dynamic: The present work focuses on the processes of chiral amplification that lead\nto the rapid growth of the enantiomeric excess in a solution, utilizing a\nlattice model and a suitable Glauber dynamics. The initial conditions stem from\na racemic mixture or points near the racemic state. The aim is to understand\nthe effect of some variables such as temperature, concentration and constants\nthat define the interaction energies in the equilibrium concentration after the\ndynamic evolution of the system. Dynamic evolution involves a path towards\nphase equilibrium in a D-L-S system, where D and L represent opposite chiral\nmolecules and S represents their poorly soluble solvent. Our results,\npertaining to the phase equilibrium of the D-L-S system employing amino acids,\nfaithfully reproduce several experimentally observed outcomes documented in the\nliterature. Through simulations, we may understand how the system evolved over\ntime, starting from a random configuration and moving toward an equilibrium\nstate with the lowest possible potential energy. We were able to recreate phase\ndiagrams that were strikingly close to those obtained experimentally by\nspecifying an appropriate Glauber dynamics for the system. Finally, we will\ndiscuss some findings from the dynamics of the chiral amplification processes\nthat were modeled."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shortest-Path Fractal Dimension for Percolation in Two and Three\n  Dimensions: We carry out a high-precision Monte Carlo study of the shortest-path fractal\ndimension $\\dm$ for percolation in two and three dimensions, using the\nLeath-Alexandrowicz method which grows a cluster from an active seed site. A\nvariety of quantities are sampled as a function of the chemical distance,\nincluding the number of activated sites, a measure of the radius, and the\nsurvival probability. By finite-size scaling, we determine $\\dm = 1.130 77(2)$\nand $1.375 6(6)$ in two and three dimensions, respectively. The result in 2D\nrules out the recently conjectured value $\\dm=217/192$ [Phys. Rev. E 81,\n020102(R) (2010)].",
        "positive": "Heat conduction and diffusion of hard disks in a narrow channel: Using molecular dynamics we study heat conduction and diffusion of hard disks\nin one dimensional narrow channels. When collisions preserve momentum the heat\nconduction $\\kappa$ diverges with the number of disks $N$ as $\\kappa\\sim\nN^\\alpha$ $(\\alpha \\approx 1/3)$. Such a behaviour is seen both when the\nordering of disks is fixed ('pen-case' model), and when they can exchange their\npositions. Momentum conservation results also in sound-wave effects that\nenhance diffusive behaviour and on an intermediate time scale (that diverges in\nthe thermodynamic limit) normal diffusion takes place even in the 'pen-case'\nmodel. When collisions do not preserve momentum, $\\kappa$ remains finite and\nsound-wave effects are absent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Binomial expansion for a linearized map with memory. A Final comment on:\n  \"Criticality and the fractal structure of -5/3 turbulent cascades\": In a recent paper by Cabrera et al (Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 2021 146\n110876), a linearization of DRM differences equation, (Delayed Regulation\nModel), has been proposed as a scheme to explain transfer of energy through\ndifferent scales in turbulence. They claim that this apparently simple model,\nby replication of Kolmogorov power law of k ^ -5/3 scaling, remarks a key\nmechanism of behaviour for more complex systems. Their proposal requires\ncomputation of several products of random matrices, nevertheless they only\noffer an onset of time evolution or an asymptotic approximation to all them.\nAlso it is suggested a fractal nature in the process of calculating the\nsuccessive characteristic polynomials of these products or the eigenvalues of\ntheir associated self-adjoint matrices. Both questions are addressed in this\ncomment and are answered positively. A general formula for the evolution in\nevery step of mentioned stochastic linear approximation to DRM is found as well\na map from a binomial expansion of these matrices key products to a well\ndescribed fractal object.",
        "positive": "Special Relativistic Covariant Fluctuation Theorems: Fluctuation theorems establish connections between fluctuations and\nirreversibility by considering stochastic thermodynamic quantities. In this\nstudy, we derive special relativistic covariant fluctuation theorems by\ndefining covariant work, heat, and entropy. We focus on a driven scalar field\nin contact with a Markovian heat bath. For moving inertial observers relative\nto the heat bath, both the energy components and the momentum components of\nwork and heat must be included to formulate the corresponding fluctuation\ntheorems, and the four-velocity of the heat bath plays an important role. It\nturns out that, the irreversibility is characterized by the conventional\nthermodynamic quantities in the rest reference frame of the heat bath,\nregardless of the reference frame of the observer. Even in the nonrelativistic\ncase, the above identification is nontrivial. We study the work statistics for\na Klein-Gordon field in a driving process measured by a moving inertial\nobserver to explicitly verify the covariant version of the Jarzynski equality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slowest local operators in quantum spin chains: We numerically construct slowly relaxing local operators in a nonintegrable\nspin-1/2 chain. Restricting the support of the operator to $M$ consecutive\nspins along the chain, we exhaustively search for the operator that minimizes\nthe Frobenius norm of the commutator with the Hamiltonian. We first show that\nthe Frobenius norm bounds the time scale of relaxation of the operator at high\ntemperatures. We find operators with significantly slower relaxation than the\nslowest simple \"hydrodynamic\" mode due to energy diffusion. Then, we examine\nsome properties of the nontrivial slow operators. Using both exhaustive search\nand tensor network techniques, we find similar slowly relaxing operators for a\nFloquet spin chain; this system is hydrodynamically \"trivial\", with no\nconservation laws restricting their dynamics. We argue that such slow\nrelaxation may be a generic feature following from locality and unitarity.",
        "positive": "Self-consistent approach to the description of relaxation processes in\n  classical multiparticle systems: The concept of time correlation functions is a very convenient theoretical\ntool in describing relaxation processes in multiparticle systems because, on\none hand, correlation functions are directly related to experimentally measured\nquantities (for example, intensities in spectroscopic studies and kinetic\ncoefficients via the Kubo-Green relation) and, on the other hand, the concept\nis also applicable beyond the equilibrium case. We show that the formalism of\nmemory functions and the method of recurrence relations allow formulating a\nself-consistent approach for describing relaxation processes in classical\nmultiparticle systems without needing a priori approximations of time\ncorrelation functions by model dependencies and with the satisfaction of sum\nrules and other physical conditions guaranteed. We also demonstrate that the\napproach can be used to treat the simplest relaxation scenarios and to develop\nmicroscopic theories of transport phenomena in liquids, the propagation of\ndensity fluctuations in equilibrium simple liquids, and structure relaxation in\nsupercooled liquids. This approach generalizes the mode-coupling approximation\nin the G\\\"{o}tze-Leutheusser realization and the Yulmetyev-Shurygin correlation\napproximations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Determining bottom price-levels after a speculative peak: During a stock market peak the price of a given stock ($ i $) jumps from an\ninitial level $ p_1(i) $ to a peak level $ p_2(i) $ before falling back to a\nbottom level $ p_3(i) $. The ratios $ A(i) = p_2(i)/p_1(i) $ and $ B(i)=\np_3(i)/p_1(i) $ are referred to as the peak- and bottom-amplitude respectively.\nThe paper shows that for a sample of stocks there is a linear relationship\nbetween $ A(i) $ and $ B(i) $ of the form: $ B=0.4A+b $. In words, this means\nthat the higher the price of a stock climbs during a bull market the better it\nresists during the subsequent bear market. That rule, which we call the\nresilience pattern, also applies to other speculative markets. It provides a\nuseful guiding line for Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Bistable generalised Langevin dynamics driven by correlated noise\n  possessing a long jump distribution: barrier crossing and stochastic\n  resonance: The generalised Langevin equation with a retarded friction and a double-well\npotential is solved. The random force is modelled by a multiplicative noise\nwith long jumps. Probability density distributions converge with time to a\ndistribution similar to a Gaussian but tails have a power-law form. Dependence\nof the mean first passage time on model parameters is discussed. Properties of\nthe stochastic resonance, emerging as a peak in the plot of the spectral\namplification against the temperature, are discussed for various sets of the\nmodel parameters. The amplification rises with the memory and is largest for\nthe cases corresponding to the large passage time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multilevel simulation of hard-sphere mixtures: We present a multilevel Monte Carlo simulation method for analysing\nmulti-scale physical systems via a hierarchy of coarse-grained representations,\nto obtain numerically-exact results, at the most detailed level. We apply the\nmethod to a mixture of size-asymmetric hard spheres, in the grand canonical\nensemble. A three-level version of the method is compared with a\npreviously-studied two-level version. The extra level interpolates between the\nfull mixture and a coarse-grained description where only the large particles\nare present -- this is achieved by restricting the small particles to regions\nclose to the large ones. The three-level method improves the performance of the\nestimator, at fixed computational cost. We analyse the asymptotic variance of\nthe estimator, and discuss the mechanisms for the improved performance.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of fluid phases in ${}^3$He -${}^4$He mixtures: Fluid parts of the phase diagram of ${}^3$He -${}^4$He mixtures are obtained\nfrom a mean-field analysis of a suitable lattice gas model for binary liquid\nmixtures. The proposed model takes into account the continuous rotational\nsymmetry O(2) of the superfluid degrees of freedom associated with ${}^4$He and\nincludes the occurrence of vacancies. This latter degree of freedom allows the\nmodel to exhibit a vapor phase and hence can provide the theoretical framework\nto describe the experimental conditions for measurements of tricritical Casimir\nforces in ${}^3$He -${}^4$He wetting films."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "CO-activator model for reconstructing Pt(100) surfaces: local\n  microstructures and chemical turbulence: We present the results of the modelling of CO adsorption and catalytic CO\noxidation on inhomogeneous Pt(100) surfaces which contain structurally\ndifferent areas. These areas are formed during the CO-induced transition from a\nreconstructed phase with hexagonal geometry of the overlayer to a bulk-like\n(1x1) phase with square atomic arrangement. In the present approach, the\nsurface transition is explained in terms of nonequilibrium bistable behavior.\nThe bistable region is characterized by a coexistence of the hexagonal and\n(1x1) phases and is terminated in a critical bifurcation point which is located\nat (T_c ~680 K, p_CO ~10 Torr). Due to increasing fluctuations, the behavior at\nhigh temperatures and pressures in the vicinity of this cusp point should be\nqualitatively different from the hysteresis-type behavior which is typically\nobserved in the experiments under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. On the\ninhomogeneous surface, we find a regime of nonuniform oscillations\ncharacterized by random standing waves of adsorbate concentrations. The\nresulting spatial deformations of wave fronts allow to gain deeper insight into\nthe nature of irregular oscillations on Pt(100) surface.",
        "positive": "Bose-Einstein condensation in a two-dimensional trap: The theory of Bose-Einstein condensation in a two-dimensional(2D) harmonic\ntrap is developed from 2D Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The 2D interaction\nstrength is obtained from a 2D collision theory.\n  We show the realization of 2D condensation of trapped Bose atoms directly by\nobtaining the stable solutions for the condensate wave function from the 2D\nGross-Pitaevskii equation. We calculate the ground-state energy of the 2D\nsystem, and also the wave function of the 2D vortex state. In particular, the\n2D energy state becomes less stable than the 3D case with the number of trapped\natoms. The results of the 2D Bose condensation are also compared with those of\nthe well-known 3D case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Markov Processes, Hurst Exponents, and Nonlinear Diffusion Equations\n  with application to finance: We show by explicit closed form calculations that a Hurst exponent H that is\nnot 1/2 does not necessarily imply long time correlations like those found in\nfractional Brownian motion. We construct a large set of scaling solutions of\nFokker-Planck partial differential equations where H is not 1/2. Thus Markov\nprocesses, which by construction have no long time correlations, can have H not\nequal to 1/2. If a Markov process scales with Hurst exponent H then it simply\nmeans that the process has nonstationary increments. For the scaling solutions,\nwe show how to reduce the calculation of the probability density to a single\nintegration once the diffusion coefficient D(x,t) is specified. As an example,\nwe generate a class of student-t-like densities from the class of quadratic\ndiffusion coefficients. Notably, the Tsallis density is one member of that\nlarge class. The Tsallis density is usually thought to result from a nonlinear\ndiffusion equation, but instead we explicitly show that it follows from a\nMarkov process generated by a linear Fokker-Planck equation, and therefore from\na corresponding Langevin equation. Having a Tsallis density with H not equal to\n1/2 therefore does not imply dynamics with correlated signals, e.g., like those\nof fractional Brownian motion. A short review of the requirements for\nfractional Brownian motion is given for clarity, and we explain why the usual\nsimple argument that H unequal to 1/2 implies correlations fails for Markov\nprocesses with scaling solutions. Finally, we discuss the question of scaling\nof the full Green function g(x,t;x',t') of the Fokker-Planck pde.",
        "positive": "Toward a complete description of nucleation and growth in liquid-liquid\n  phase separation: The phase separation mechanism of a binary liquid mixture off-critically\nquenched in its miscibility gap is nucleation and growth, its homogeneous phase\nreaching a metastable equilibrium state. The successive stages of growth of the\nnucleated droplets are a diffusion-driven free growth, an intermediate regime\nand a coarsening by reduction of interface (Ostwald ripening or Brownian\ncollisions induced coalescence). We have made light attenuation experiments to\ninvestigate the sedimentation in such systems. These results have given us\naccess experimentally to two values predicted theoretically: the growth\nexponent of the intermediate regime and the crossover time between this regime\nand interface-reduction coarsening. These data, added to the literature\nresults, have permitted to get a quite complete view of the growth scenario in\nvery off-critical phase-separating liquids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Winding up by a quench: Insulator to superfluid phase transition in a\n  ring of BECs: We study phase transition from the Mott insulator to superfluid in a periodic\noptical lattice. Kibble-Zurek mechanism predicts buildup of winding number\nthrough random walk of BEC phases, with the step size scaling as a the third\nroot of transition rate. We confirm this and demonstrate that this scaling\naccounts for the net winding number after the transition.",
        "positive": "Evolution of the structure of amorphous ice - from low-density amorphous\n  (LDA) through high-density amorphous (HDA) to very high-density amorphous\n  (VHDA) ice: We report results of molecular dynamics simulations of amorphous ice for\npressures up to 22.5 kbar. The high-density amorphous ice (HDA) as prepared by\npressure-induced amorphization of Ih ice at T=80 K is annealed to T=170 K at\nvarious pressures to allow for relaxation. Upon increase of pressure, relaxed\namorphous ice undergoes a pronounced change of structure, ranging from the\nlow-density amorphous ice (LDA) at p=0, through a continuum of HDA states to\nthe limiting very high-density amorphous ice (VHDA) regime above 10 kbar. The\nmain part of the overall structural change takes place within the HDA\nmegabasin, which includes a variety of structures with quite different local\nand medium-range order as well as network topology and spans a broad range of\ndensities. The VHDA represents the limit to densification by adapting the\nhydrogen-bonded network topology, without creating interpenetrating networks.\nThe connection between structure and metastability of various forms upon\ndecompression and heating is studied and discussed. We also discuss the analogy\nwith amorphous and crystalline silica. Finally, some conclusions concerning the\nrelation between amorphous ice and supercooled water are drawn."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conformational Transitions in Molecular Systems: Proteins are the \"work horses\" in biological systems. In almost all functions\nspecific proteins are involved. They control molecular transport processes,\nstabilize the cell structure, enzymatically catalyze chemical reactions; others\nact as molecular motors in the complex machinery of molecular synthetization\nprocesses. Due to their significance, misfolds and malfunctions of proteins\ntypically entail disastrous diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and bovine\nspongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Therefore, the understanding of the trinity of\namino acid composition, geometric structure, and biological function is one of\nthe most essential challenges for the natural sciences. Here, we glance at\nconformational transitions accompanying the structure formation in protein\nfolding processes.",
        "positive": "Three-wave resonant interactions in the diatomic chain with cubic\n  anharmonic potential: theory and simulations: We consider a diatomic chain characterized by a cubic anharmonic potential.\nAfter diagonalizing the harmonic case, we study in the new canonical variables,\nthe nonlinear interactions between the acoustical and optical branches of the\ndispersion relation. Using the {\\it wave turbulence} approach, we formally\nderive two coupled wave kinetic equations, each describing the evolution of the\nwave action spectral density associated to each branch. An $H$-theorem shows\nthat there exist an irreversible transfer of energy that leads to an\nequilibrium solution characterized by the equipartition of energy in the new\nvariables. While in the monoatomic cubic chain, in the large box limit, the\nmain nonlinear transfer mechanism is based on four-wave resonant interactions,\nthe diatomic one is ruled by a three wave resonant process (two acoustical and\none optical wave): thermalization happens on shorter time scale for the\ndiatomic chain with respect to the standard chain. Resonances are possible only\nif the ratio between the heavy and light masses is less than 3. Numerical\nsimulations of the deterministic equations support our theoretical findings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions in liquids with directed intermolecular bonding: Liquids with quasi - chemical bonding between molecules are described in\nterms of vertex model. It is shown that this bonding results in liquid - liquid\nphase transition, which occurs between phases with different mean density of\nintermolecular bonds. The transition may be suggested to be a universal\nphenomena for those liquids.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of price and trading volume in a spin model of stock markets\n  with heterogeneous agents: The dynamics of a stock market with heterogeneous agents is discussed in the\nframework of a recently proposed spin model for the emergence of bubbles and\ncrashes. We relate the log returns of stock prices to magnetization in the\nmodel and find that it is closely related to trading volume as observed in real\nmarkets. The cumulative distribution of log returns exhibits scaling with\nexponents steeper than 2 and scaling is observed in the distribution of\ntransition times between bull and bear markets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical temperature and correlation length of an elastic interaction\n  model for spin-crossover materials: It has previously been pointed out that the coexistence of infinite-range and\nshort-range interactions causes a system to have a phase transition of the\nmean-field universality class, in which the cluster size is finite even at the\ncritical point. In the present paper, we study this property in a model of\nbistable molecules, whose size changes depending on the bistable states. The\nmolecules can move in space, interacting via an elastic interaction. It is\nknown that due to the different sizes, an effective long-range interaction\nbetween the spins appears, and thus this model has a mean-field type of phase\ntransition. It is found that the scaling properties of the shift of the\ncritical temperature from the pure short-range limit in the model with\ninfinite-range and short-range interactions hold also in the present model,\nregarding the ratio of the size of the two states as a control parameter for\nthe strength of the long-range interaction. By studying the structure factor,\nit is shown that the dependence of the cluster size at the critical temperature\nalso shows the same scaling properties as a previously studied model with both\ninfinite-range and short-range interactions. We therefore conclude that these\nscaling relations hold universally in hybrid models with both short-range and\nweak long-range interactions.",
        "positive": "First passage time of N excluded volume particles on a line: Motivated by recent single molecule studies of proteins sliding on a DNA\nmolecule, we explore the targeting dynamics of N particles (\"proteins\") sliding\ndiffusively along a line (\"DNA\") in search of their target site (specific\ntarget sequence). At lower particle densities, one observes an expected\nreduction of the mean first passage time proportional to 1/N**2, with\ncorrections at higher concentrations. We explicitly take adsorption and\ndesorption effects, to and from the DNA, into account. For this general case,\nwe also consider finite size effects, when the continuum approximation based on\nthe number density of particles, breaks down. Moreover, we address the first\npassage time problem of a tagged particle diffusing among other particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "My encounters with Alex Muller and the perovskites: This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor K. Alex Muller. After\ndescribing our personal and scientific encounters since 1974, I concentrate on\nthe many puzzles whinch appeared in our discussions and collaborations,\ninvolving the interplay between theory and experiments on the critical behavior\nof cubic perovskites which undergo (second or first) order transitions to a\nlower symmetry phases (trigonal or tetragonal). The conclusion, reached only\nvery recently, is that (although beginning with the same cubic symmetry) the\ntwo types of transitions belong to two distinct universality classes: under\n[100] stress, the cubic to trigonal transition exhibits a tetracritical phase\ndiagram, with cubic exponents, while the cubic to tetragonal transition exhibit\nan intermediate bicritical phase diagram, but asymptotically the bicritical\npoint turns into a triple point, with three first order lines. To test these\nconclusions, it is suggested to measure the effective critical exponents as the\ntemperature approaches criticality.",
        "positive": "Self-Similar Traffic Originating in the Transport Layer: We performed a network traffic simulation to clarify the mechanism producing\nself-similar traffic originating in the transport layer level. Self-similar\nbehavior could be observed without assuming a long-tailed distribution of the\ninput file size. By repeating simulations with modified TCP we found that the\nfeedback mechanism from the network, such as packet transmission driven by\nacknowledgement packets, plays an essential role in explaining the\nself-similarity observed in the actual traffic."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A large deviation perspective on ratio observables in reset processes:\n  robustness of rate functions: We study large deviations of a ratio observable in discrete-time reset\nprocesses. The ratio takes the form of a current divided by the number of reset\nsteps and as such it is not extensive in time. A large deviation rate function\ncan be derived for this observable via contraction from the joint probability\ndensity function of current and number of reset steps. The ratio rate function\nis differentiable and we argue that its qualitative shape is 'robust', i.e. it\nis generic for reset processes regardless of whether they have short- or\nlong-range correlations. We discuss similarities and differences with the rate\nfunction of the efficiency in stochastic thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Elastic Weak Turbulence: from the vibrating plate to the drum: Weak wave turbulence has been observed on a thin elastic plate in previous\nwork. Here we report theoretical, experimental and numerical studies of wave\nturbulence in a thin elastic plate submitted to increasing tension. When\nincreasing the tension (or decreasing the bending stiffness of the plate) the\nplate evolves progressively from a plate into an elastic membrane as in drums.\nWe start from the plate and increase the tension in experiments and numerical\nsimulations. We observe that the system remains in a state of weak turbulence\nof weakly dispersive waves. This observation is in contrast with what has been\nobserved in water waves when decreasing the water depth, which also changes the\nwaves from dispersive to weakly dispersive. The weak turbulence observed in the\ndeep water case evolves into a solitonic regime. Here no such transition is\nobserved for the stretched plate. We then apply the weak turbulence theory to\nthe membrane case and show with numerical simulations that indeed the weak\nturbulence framework remains valid for the membrane and no formation of\nsingular structures (shocks) should be expected in contrast with acoustic wave\nturbulence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic chaos and infinitely many critical exponents in the\n  Baxter-Wu model: The mechanisms leading to thermodynamic chaos in the Baxter-Wu model is\nconsidered. We compare the Baxter-Wu model with triangular antiferromagnets and\ndiscuss the difficulties related to the modeling of thermodynamic chaos by\ndisordered models. We also discuss how to overcome the problem of infinitely\nmany order parameters. Then we consider the Baxter-Wu model in a complex\nmagnetic field and show the existence of infinitely many critical exponents in\nthis model.",
        "positive": "Exact equqations and scaling relations for f-avalanche in the\n  Bak-Sneppen evolution model: Infinite hierarchy of exact equations are derived for the newly-observed\nf-avalanche in the Bak-Sneppen evolution model. By solving the first order\nexact equation, we found that the critical exponent which governs the\ndivergence of the average avalanche size, is exactly 1 (for all dimensions),\nconfirmed by the simulations. Solution of the gap equation yields another\nuniversal exponent, denoting the the relaxation to the attractor, is exactly 1.\nWe also establish some scaling relations among the critical exponents of the\nnew avalanche."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A minimal model of an autonomous thermal motor: We consider a model of a Brownian motor composed of two coupled overdamped\ndegrees of freedom moving in periodic potentials and driven by two heat\nreservoirs. This model exhibits a spontaneous breaking of symmetry and gives\nrise to directed transport in the case of a non- vanishing interparticle\ninteraction strength. For strong coupling between the particles we derive an\nexpression for the propagation velocity valid for arbitrary periodic\npotentials. In the limit of strong coupling the model is equivalent to the\nB\\\"uttiker-Landauer model [1-3] for a single particle diffusing in an\nenvironment with position dependent temperature. By using numerical\ncalculations of the Fokker-Planck equation and simulations of the Langevin\nequations we study the model for arbitrary coupling, retrieving many features\nof the strong coupling limit. In particular, directed transport emerges even\nfor symmetric potentials. For distinct heat reservoirs the heat currents are\nwell-defined quantities allowing a study of the motor efficiency. We show that\nthe optimal working regime occurs for moderate coupling. Finally, we introduce\na model with discrete phase space which captures the essential features of the\ncontinuous model, can be solved in the limit of weak coupling, and exhibits a\nlarger efficiency than the continuous counterpart.",
        "positive": "$m^\\ast$ of two-dimensional electron gas: a neural canonical\n  transformation study: The quasiparticle effective mass $m^\\ast$ of interacting electrons is a\nfundamental quantity in the Fermi liquid theory. However, the precise value of\nthe effective mass of uniform electron gas is still elusive after decades of\nresearch. The newly developed neural canonical transformation approach [Xie et\nal., J. Mach. Learn. 1, (2022)] offers a principled way to extract the\neffective mass of electron gas by directly calculating the thermal entropy at\nlow temperature. The approach models a variational many-electron density matrix\nusing two generative neural networks: an autoregressive model for momentum\noccupation and a normalizing flow for electron coordinates. Our calculation\nreveals a suppression of effective mass in the two-dimensional spin-polarized\nelectron gas, which is more pronounced than previous reports in the low-density\nstrong-coupling region. This prediction calls for verification in\ntwo-dimensional electron gas experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collapse of a Bose Condensate with Attractive Interactions: We examine the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) model for Bose-Einstein condensates in\nparabolic traps with attractive interactions. The decay of metastable\ncondensates is investigated by applying the instanton formalism to the GP field\ntheory. Employing various dynamical trial states, we derive within a coherent\nstate path integral approach a collective coordinate description in terms of\nthe condensate radius, in agreement with (and extending) earlier results. We\nthen solve numerically for the complete instanton field configuration and\ncompare with the collective coordinate approach. Adjusting only the effective\nmass of the collective coordinate, the two schemes are then in good agreement.",
        "positive": "Stationary distributions of sums of marginally chaotic variables as\n  renormalization group fixed points: We determine the limit distributions of sums of deterministic chaotic\nvariables in unimodal maps assisted by a novel renormalization group (RG)\nframework associated to the operation of increment of summands and rescaling.\nIn this framework the difference in control parameter from its value at the\ntransition to chaos is the only relevant variable, the trivial fixed point is\nthe Gaussian distribution and a nontrivial fixed point is a multifractal\ndistribution with features similar to those of the Feigenbaum attractor. The\ncrossover between the two fixed points is discussed and the flow toward the\ntrivial fixed point is seen to consist of a sequence of chaotic band mergers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous scaling of dynamical large deviations of stationary Gaussian\n  processes: Employing the optimal fluctuation method (OFM), we study the large deviation\nfunction of long-time averages $(1/T)\\int_{-T/2}^{T/2} x^n(t) dt$, $n=1,2,\n\\dots$, of centered stationary Gaussian processes. These processes are\ncorrelated and, in general, non-Markovian. We show that the anomalous scaling\nwith time of the large-deviation function, recently observed for $n>2$ for the\nparticular case of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, holds for a whole class of\nstationary Gaussian processes.",
        "positive": "Partition asymptotics from one-dimensional quantum entropy and energy\n  currents: We give an alternative method to that of Hardy-Ramanujan-Rademacher to derive\nthe leading exponential term in the asymptotic approximation to the partition\nfunction p(n,a), defined as the number of decompositions of a positive integer\n'n' into integer summands, with each summand appearing at most 'a' times in a\ngiven decomposition. The derivation involves mapping to an equivalent physical\nproblem concerning the quantum entropy and energy currents of particles flowing\nin a one-dimensional channel connecting thermal reservoirs, and which obey\nGentile's intermediate statistics with statistical parameter 'a'. The method is\nalso applied to partitions associated with Haldane's fractional exclusion\nstatistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fermionization in an expanding 1D gas of hard-core bosons: We show by means of an exact numerical approach that the momentum\ndistribution of a free expanding gas of hard-core bosons on a one-dimensional\nlattice approaches to the one of noninteracting fermions, acquiring a Fermi\nedge. Yet there is a power-law decay of the one-particle density matrix\n$\\rho_x\\sim 1/\\sqrt{x}$, as usual for hard-core bosons in the ground state,\nwhich accounts for a large occupation of the lowest natural orbitals for all\nexpansion times. The fermionization of the momentum distribution function,\nwhich is not observed in equilibrium, is analyzed in detail.",
        "positive": "Irreversibility and Entropy Production in Transport Phenomena I: *First-principles derivation of the entropy production in erectric static\nconduction. *The second-order (symmetric) density matrix contributes to the\nentropy production. *New schemes of steady states formulated using a\nrelaxation-type von Neumann equation. *Stationary temperature is introduced to\ncharacterize steady states. *The mechanism of the entropy production in steady\nstates is also clarified."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean-field theory of orientational ordering in rigid rotor models with\n  identical atoms: spin conversion and thermal equilibration: In coupled rotor models which describe identical rotating nuclei the nuclear\nspin states restrict the possible angular momenta of each molecule. There are\ntwo mean-field approaches to determining the orientational phase diagrams in\nsuch systems. In one the nuclear spin conversion times are assumed to be\ninstantaneous in the other infinite. In this paper the intermediate case, when\nthe spin conversion times are significantly slower than those of rotational\ntime scales, but are not infinite on the time-scale of the experiment, is\ninvestigated. Via incorporation of the configurational degeneracy it is shown\nthat in the thermodynamic limit the mean-field approach in the intermediate\ncase is identical to the instantaneous spin conversion time approximation. The\ntotal entropy can be split into configurational and rotational terms. The\nmean-field phase diagram of a model of coupled rotors of three-fold symmetry is\nalso calculated in the two approximations. It is shown that the configurational\nentropy has a maximum as a function of temperature which shifts to lower\ntemperatures with increasing order.",
        "positive": "Entropy of microcanonical finite-graph ensembles: The entropy of random graph ensembles has gained widespread attention in the\nfield of graph theory and network science. We consider microcanonical ensembles\nof simple graphs with prescribed degree sequences. We demonstrate that the\nmean-field approximations of the generating function using the\nChebyshev-Hermite polynomials provide estimates for the entropy of finite-graph\nensembles. Our estimate reproduces the Bender-Canfield formula in the limit of\nlarge graphs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The influence of absorbing boundary conditions on the transition path\n  times statistics: We derive an analytical expression for the transition path time (TPT)\ndistribution for a one-dimensional particle crossing a parabolic barrier. The\nsolution is expressed in terms of the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the\nassociated Fokker-Planck equation. The particle performs an anomalous dynamics\ngenerated by a power-law memory kernel, which includes memoryless Markovian\ndynamics as a limiting case. Our result takes into account absorbing boundary\nconditions, extending existing results obtained for free boundaries. We show\nthat TPT distributions obtained from numerical simulations are in excellent\nagreement with analytical results, while the typically employed free boundary\nconditions lead to a systematic overestimation of the barrier height. These\nfindings may be useful in the analysis of experimental results on transition\npath times. A web tool to perform this analysis is freely available.",
        "positive": "Dynamic crack growth along heterogeneous planar interfaces: interaction\n  with unidimensional strips: We examine theoretically and numerically fast propagation of a tensile crack\nalong unidimensional strips with periodically evolving toughness. In such\ndynamic fracture regimes, crack front waves form and transport front\ndisturbances along the crack edge at speed less than the Rayleigh wave speed\nand depending on the crack speed. In this configuration, standing front waves\ndictate the spatio-temporal evolution of the local crack front speed, which\ntakes a specific scaling form. Analytical examination of both the short-time\nand long-time limits of the problem reveals the parameter dependency with strip\nwavelength, toughness contrast and overall fracture speed. Implications and\ngeneralization to unidimensional strips of arbitrary shape are lastly\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymmetric space-dependent systems: Partial stabilization through the\n  addition of noise and exact solutions for the corresponding nonlinear\n  Langevin equations: In many instances, the dynamical richness and complexity observed in natural\nphenomena can be related to stochastic drives influencing their temporal\nevolution. For example, random noise allied to spatial asymmetries may induce\nstabilization of otherwise diverging trajectories in dynamical systems.\nHowever, to identify how exactly this takes place in actual processes usually\nis not a simple task. Here we unveil a few trends leading to dynamical\nstabilization and diversity of behavior by introducing Gaussian white noise to\na class of exactly solvable non-linear deterministic models displaying\nspace-dependent drifts. For the resulting nonlinear Langevin equations, the\nassociated Fokker-Planck equations can be solved through the similarity method\nor the Fourier transform technique. By comparing the cases with and without\nnoise, we discuss the changes in the systems dynamical characteristics. Simple\nexamples of drift and diffusion coefficients are explicitly analyzed and\ncomparisons with some other models in the literature are made. Our study\nillustrates the rich phenomenology originated from spatially heterogeneous\ndynamical systems under the influence of white noise.",
        "positive": "Noise Effects on birhythmic Josephson Junction coupled to a Resonator: We study the effect of noise on a Josephson junction that, coupled to a\nlinear $RLC$ resonator, can oscillate at two frequencies. To establish the\nglobal stability of the attractors, we estimate the position of the separatrix,\nan essential information to establish the stability of the attractor for this\nmultidimensional system, from the analysis of the mean first passage time. We\nfind that the frequency locked to the resonator is most stable at low bias, and\nless stable at high bias, where the resonator exhibits the largest\noscillations. The change in the birhythmic region is dramatic, for the\neffective barrier changes of an order of magnitude and the corresponding\nlifetime of about seven decades."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complete Wetting of Nanosculptured Substrates: Complete wetting of geometrically structured substrates by one-component\nfluids with long-ranged interactions is studied. We consider periodic arrays of\nrectangular or parabolic grooves and lattices of cylindrical or parabolic pits.\nWe show that the midpoint interfacial heights within grooves and pits are\nrelated in the same way as for complete wedge and cone filling. For\nsufficiently deep cavities with vertical walls and small undersaturation, an\neffective planar scaling regime emerges. The scaling exponent is -1/3 in all\ncases studied, and only the amplitudes depend on the geometrical features. We\nfind quantitative agreement with recent experimental data for such systems.",
        "positive": "Macroscopic nucleation phenomena in continuum media with long-range\n  interactions: Nucleation, commonly associated with discontinuous transformations between\nmetastable and stable phases, is crucial in fields as diverse as atmospheric\nscience and nanoscale electronics. Traditionally, it is considered a\nmicroscopic process (at most nano-meter), implying the formation of a\nmicroscopic nucleus of the stable phase. Here we show for the first time, that\nconsidering long-range interactions mediated by elastic distortions, nucleation\ncan be a macroscopic process, with the size of the critical nucleus\nproportional to the total system size. This provides a new concept of\n\"macroscopic barrier-crossing nucleation\". We demonstrate the effect in\nmolecular dynamics simulations of a model spin-crossover system with two\nmolecular states of different sizes, causing elastic distortions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Three Lectures: Nemd, Spam, and Shockwaves: We discuss three related subjects well suited to graduate research. The\nfirst, Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics or \"NEMD\", makes possible the\nsimulation of atomistic systems driven by external fields, subject to dynamic\nconstraints, and thermostated so as to yield stationary nonequilibrium states.\nThe second subject, Smooth Particle Applied Mechanics or \"SPAM\", provides a\nparticle method, resembling molecular dynamics, but designed to solve continuum\nproblems. The numerical work is simplified because the SPAM particles obey\nordinary, rather than partial, differential equations. The interpolation method\nused with SPAM is a powerful interpretive tool converting point particle\nvariables to twice-differentiable field variables. This interpolation method is\nvital to the study and understanding of the third research topic we discuss,\nstrong shockwaves in dense fluids. Such shockwaves exhibit stationary\nfar-from-equilibrium states obtained with purely reversible Hamiltonian\nmechanics. The SPAM interpolation method, applied to this molecular dynamics\nproblem, clearly demonstrates both the tensor character of kinetic temperature\nand the time-delayed response of stress and heat flux to the strain rate and\ntemperature gradients. The dynamic Lyapunov instability of the shockwave\nproblem can be analyzed in a variety of ways, both with and without symmetry in\ntime. These three subjects suggest many topics suitable for graduate research\nin nonlinear nonequilibrium problems.",
        "positive": "Bulk dynamics for interfacial growth models: We study the influence of the bulk dynamics of a growing cluster of particles\non the properties of its interface. First, we define a {\\it general bulk growth\nmodel} by means of a continuum Master equation for the evolution of the bulk\ndensity field. This general model just considers arbitrary addition of\nparticles (though it can be easily generalized to consider substraction) with\nno other physical restriction. The corresponding Langevin equation for this\nbulk density field is derived where the influence of the bulk dynamics is\nexplicitly shown. Finally, when it is assumed a well-defined interface for the\ngrowing cluster, the Langevin equation for the height field of this interface\nfor some particular bulk dynamics is written. In particular, we obtain the\ncelebrated Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation. A Monte Carlo simulation\nillustrates the theoretical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Switching of non-equilibrium depletion force caused by blockade effect: The concentration-dependent switching of the non-equilibrium depletion forces\nbetween obstacles in an interacting Brownian gas flow is presented. It is shown\nthat this switching is caused by the blockade effect for the gas particles.\nWith increasing equilibrium gas concentration, the gas particles blockade\ncauses the obstacle wake inversion (trace profile turn-over) that, in turn,\nleads to the change of sign of dissipative interaction. Some non-linear effects\nsuch as formation of a cavity-like sparse wake behind the obstacle and the\ndissipative pairing effect are discussed briefly. The results are obtained\nwithin the lattice gas model in the mean-field approximation.",
        "positive": "Boltzmannian Equilibrium in Stochastic Systems: Equilibrium is a central concept of statistical mechanics. In previous work\nwe introduced the notions of a Boltzmannian alpha-epsilon-equilibrium and a\nBoltzmannian gamma-varepsilon-equilibrium (Werndl and Frigg 2015a, 2015b). This\nwas done in a deterministic context. We now consider systems with a stochastic\nmicro-dynamics and transfer these notions from the deterministic to the\nstochastic context. We then prove stochastic equivalents of the Dominance\nTheorem and the Prevalence Theorem. This establishes that also in stochastic\nsystems equilibrium macro-regions are large in requisite sense."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The double hypergeometric series for the partition function of the 2D\n  anisotropic Ising model: In 1944 Lars Onsager published the exact partition function of the\nferromagnetic Ising model on the infinite square lattice in terms of a definite\nintegral. Only in the literature of the last decade, however, has it been\nrecast in terms of special functions. Until now all known formulas for the\npartition function in terms of special functions have been restricted to the\nimportant special case of the isotropic Ising model with symmetric couplings.\nIndeed, the anisotropic model is more challenging because there are two\ncouplings and hence two reduced temperatures, one for each of the two axes of\nthe square lattice. Hence, standard special functions of one variable are\ninadequate to the task. Here, we reformulate the partition function of the\nanisotropic Ising model in terms of the Kamp\\'e de F\\'eriet function, which is\na double hypergeometric function in two variables that is more general than the\nAppell hypergeometric functions. Finally, we present hypergeometric formulas\nfor the generating function of multipolygons of given length on the infinite\nsquare lattice, for isotropic as well as anisotropic edge weights. For the\nisotropic case, the results allow easy calculation, to arbitrary order, of the\ncelebrated series found by Cyril Domb.",
        "positive": "One-Dimensional Impenetrable Anyons in Thermal Equilibrium. III. Large\n  distance asymptotics of the space correlations: Using the determinant representation for the field-field correlation\nfunctions of impenetrable anyons at finite temperature obtained in a previous\npaper, we derive a system of nonlinear partial differential equations\ncompletely characterizing the correlators. The system is the same as the one\nfor impenetrable bosons but with different initial conditions. The\nlarge-distance asymptotic behavior of the correlation functions is obtained\nfrom the analysis of the Riemann-Hilbert problem associated with the system of\ndifferential equations. We calculate both the exponential and pre-exponential\nfactors in the asymptotics of the field-field correlators. The asymptotics\nderived in this way agree with those of the free fermions and impenetrable\nbosons in the appropriate limits, $\\kappa\\to 1$ and $\\kappa\\to 0$, of the\nstatistics parameter $\\kappa$, and coincide with the predictions of the\nconformal field theory at low temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Power Spectra of the Total Occupancy in the Totally Asymmetric Simple\n  Exclusion Process: As a solvable and broadly applicable model system, the totally asymmetric\nexclusion process enjoys iconic status in the theory of non-equilibrium phase\ntransitions. Here, we focus on the time dependence of the total number of\nparticles on a 1-dimensional open lattice, and its power spectrum. Using both\nMonte Carlo simulations and analytic methods, we explore its behavior in\ndifferent characteristic regimes. In the maximal current phase and on the\ncoexistence line (between high/low density phases), the power spectrum displays\nalgebraic decay, with exponents -1.62 and -2.00, respectively. Deep within the\nhigh/low density phases, we find pronounced \\emph{oscillations}, which damp\ninto power laws. This behavior can be understood in terms of driven biased\ndiffusion with conserved noise in the bulk.",
        "positive": "Bath dynamics in an exactly solvable qubit model with initial\n  qubit-environment correlations: We study the bath dynamics in the dephasing model of a two-state quantum\nsystem (qubit) coupled to an environment of harmonic oscillators. This model\nwas shown [Morozov et al., Phys. Rev. A, 2012, 85, 022101] to admit the\nanalytic solution for the qubit and environment dynamics. Using this solution,\nwe derive the exact expression for the bath reduced density matrix in the\npresence of initial qubit-environment correlations. We obtain the\nnon-equilibrium phonon distribution function and discuss in detail the time\nbehavior of the bath energy. It is shown that only the inclusion of dynamic\ncorrelations between the qubit and the bath ensures the proper time behavior of\nthe quantity which may be interpreted as the \"environment energy\"."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Avalanches of Bose-Einstein Condensates in Leaking Optical Lattices: One of the most fascinating experimental achievements of the last decade was\nthe realization of Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) of ultra-cold atoms in\noptical lattices (OL's). The extraordinary level of control over these\nstructures allows us to investigate complex solid state phenomena and the\nemerging field of ``atomtronics'' promises a new generation of nanoscale\ndevices. It is therefore of fundamental and technological importance to\nunderstand their dynamical properties. Here we study the outgoing atomic flux\nof BECs loaded in an one-dimensional OL with leaking edges, using a mean field\ndescription provided by the Discrete Non-Linear Schrodinger Equation (DNLSE).\nWe demonstrate that the atom population inside the OL decays in avalanches of\nsize $J$. For intermediate values of the interatomic interaction strength their\ndistribution ${\\cal P}(J)$ follows a power law i.e. ${\\cal\nP}(J)\\sim1/J^{\\alpha}$ characterizing systems at phase transition. This scale\nfree behaviour of ${\\cal P}(J)$ reflects the complexity and the hierarchical\nstructure of the underlying classical mixed phase space. Our results are\nrelevant in a variety of contexts (whenever DNLSE is adequate), most\nprominently the light emmitance from coupled non-linear optics waveguides.",
        "positive": "Stochastic path power and the Laplace transform: Transition probabilities for stochastic systems can be expressed in terms of\na functional integral over paths taken by the system. Evaluating the integral\nby the saddle point method in the weak-noise limit leads to a remarkable\nmapping between dominant stochastic paths and conservative, Hamiltonian\nmechanics in an effective potential. The conserved ``energy'' in the effective\nsystem has dimensions of power. We show that this power, H, can be identified\nwith the Laplace parameter of the time-transformed dynamics. This\nidentification leads to insights into the non-equilibrium behaviour of the\nsystem. Moreover, it facilitates the explicit summation over families of\ntrajectories, which is far harder in the time domain. This is crucial for\nmaking contact with the long-time equilibrium limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On a class of solvable stationary non equilibrium states for mass\n  exchange models: We consider a family of models having an arbitrary positive amount of mass on\neach site and randomly exchanging an arbitrary amount of mass with nearest\nneighbor sites. We restrict to the case of diffusive models. We identify a\nclass of reversible models for which the product invariant measure is known and\nthe gradient condition is satisfied so that we can explicitly compute the\ntransport coefficients associated to the diffusive hydrodynamic rescaling.\nBased on the Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory \\cite{mft} we have that the large\ndeviations rate functional for a stationary non equilibrium state can be\ncomputed solving a Hamilton-Jacobi equation depending only on the transport\ncoefficients and the details of the boundary sources. Thus, we are able to\nidentify a class of models having transport coefficients for which the\nHamilton-Jacobi equation can indeed be solved. We give a complete\ncharacterization in the case of generalized zero range models and discuss\nseveral other cases. For the generalized zero range models we identify a class\nof discrete models that, modulo trivial extensions, coincides with the class\ndiscussed in \\cite{FG} and a class of continuous dynamics that coincides with\nthe class in \\cite{FFG}. Along the discussion we obtain a complete\ncharacterization of reversible misanthrope processes solving the discrete\nequations in \\cite{CC}.",
        "positive": "Experimental and theoretical studies of sequence effects on the\n  fluctuation and melting of short DNA molecules: Understanding the melting of short DNA sequences probes DNA at the scale of\nthe genetic code and raises questions which are very different from those posed\nby very long sequences, which have been extensively studied. We investigate\nthis problem by combining experiments and theory. A new experimental method\nallows us to make a mapping of the opening of the guanines along the sequence\nas a function of temperature. The results indicate that non-local effects may\nbe important in DNA because an AT-rich region is able to influence the opening\nof a base pair which is about 10 base pairs away. An earlier mesoscopic model\nof DNA is modified to correctly describe the time scales associated to the\nopening of individual base pairs well below melting, and to properly take into\naccount the sequence. Using this model to analyze some characteristic sequences\nfor which detailed experimental data on the melting is available [Montrichok et\nal. 2003 Europhys. Lett. {\\bf 62} 452], we show that we have to introduce\nnon-local effects of AT-rich regions to get acceptable results. This brings a\nsecond indication that the influence of these highly fluctuating regions of DNA\non their neighborhood can extend to some distance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Two Species Asymmetric Exclusion Process with Semi-Permeable\n  Boundaries: We investigate the structure of the nonequilibrium stationary state (NESS) of\na system of first and second class particles, as well as vacancies (holes), on\nL sites of a one-dimensional lattice in contact with first class particle\nreservoirs at the boundary sites; these particles can enter at site 1, when it\nis vacant, with rate alpha, and exit from site L with rate beta. Second class\nparticles can neither enter nor leave the system, so the boundaries are\nsemi-permeable. The internal dynamics are described by the usual totally\nasymmetric exclusion process (TASEP) with second class particles. An exact\nsolution of the NESS was found by Arita. Here we describe two consequences of\nthe fact that the flux of second class particles is zero. First, there exist\n(pinned and unpinned) fat shocks which determine the general structure of the\nphase diagram and of the local measures; the latter describe the microscopic\nstructure of the system at different macroscopic points (in the limit L going\nto infinity in terms of superpositions of extremal measures of the infinite\nsystem. Second, the distribution of second class particles is given by an\nequilibrium ensemble in fixed volume, or equivalently but more simply by a\npressure ensemble, in which the pair potential between neighboring particles\ngrows logarithmically with distance. We also point out an unexpected feature in\nthe microscopic structure of the NESS for finite L: if there are n second class\nparticles in the system then the distribution of first class particles\n(respectively holes) on the first (respectively last) n sites is exchangeable.",
        "positive": "Microscopic theory of a non-equilibrium open bosonic chain: Quantum master equations form an important tool in the description of\ntransport problems in open quantum systems. However, they suffer from the\ndifficulty that the shape of the Lindblad dissipator depends sensibly on the\nsystem Hamiltonian. Consequently, most of the work done in this field has\nfocused on phenomenological dissipators which act locally on different parts of\nthe system. In this paper we show how to construct Lindblad dissipators for\nquantum many-body systems starting from a microscopic theory of the system-bath\ninteraction. We consider specifically a one-dimensional bosonic tight-binding\nchain connected to two baths at the first and last site, kept at different\ntemperatures and chemical potentials. We then shown that, even though the bath\ncoupling is local, the effective Lindblad dissipator stemming from this\ninteraction is inherently non-local, affecting all normal modes of the system.\nWe then use this formalism to study the current of particles and energy through\nthe system and find that they have the structure of Landauer's formula, with\nthe bath spectral density playing the role of the transfer integral. Finally,\nwe consider infinitesimal temperature and chemical potential gradients and show\nthat the currents satisfy Onsager's reciprocal relations, which is a\nconsequence of the fact that the microscopic quantum dynamics obeys detailed\nbalance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Athermal Nonlinear Elastic Constants of Amorphous Solids: We derive expressions for the lowest nonlinear elastic constants of amorphous\nsolids in athermal conditions (up to third order), in terms of the interaction\npotential between the constituent particles. The effect of these constants\ncannot be disregarded when amorphous solids undergo instabilities like plastic\nflow or fracture in the athermal limit; in such situations the elastic response\nincreases enormously, bringing the system much beyond the linear regime. We\ndemonstrate that the existing theory of thermal nonlinear elastic constants\nconverges to our expressions in the limit of zero temperature. We motivate the\ncalculation by discussing two examples in which these nonlinear elastic\nconstants play a crucial role in the context of elasto-plasticity of amorphous\nsolids. The first example is the plasticity-induced memory that is typical to\namorphous solids (giving rise to the Bauschinger effect). The second example is\nhow to predict the next plastic event from knowledge of the nonlinear elastic\nconstants. Using the results of this paper we derive a simple differential\nequation for the lowest eigenvalue of the Hessian matrix in the external strain\nnear mechanical instabilities; this equation predicts how the eigenvalue\nvanishes at the mechanical instability and the value of the strain where the\nmechanical instability takes place.",
        "positive": "Connection between heat diffusion and heat conduction in one-dimensional\n  systems: Heat and energy are conceptually different, but often are assumed to be the\nsame without justification. An effective method for investigating diffusion\nproperties in equilibrium systems is discussed. With this method, we\ndemonstrate that for one-dimensional systems, using the indices of particles as\nthe space variable , which has been accepted as a convention, may lead to\nmisleading conclusions. We then show that though in one-dimensional systems\nthere is no general connection between energy diffusion and heat conduction,\nhowever, a general connection between heat diffusion and heat conduction may\nexist. Relaxation behavior of local energy current fluctuations and that of\nlocal heat current fluctuations are also studied. We find that they are\nsignificantly different, though the global energy current equals the globe heat\ncurrent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Small-angle scattering from the Cantor surface fractal on the plane and\n  the Koch snowflake: The small-angle scattering (SAS) from the Cantor surface fractal on the plane\nand Koch snowflake is considered. We develop the construction algorithm for the\nKoch snowflake, which makes possible the recurrence relation for the scattering\namplitude. The surface fractals can be decomposed into a sum of surface mass\nfractals for arbitrary fractal iteration, which enables various approximations\nfor the scattering intensity. It is shown that for the Cantor fractal, one can\nneglect with a good accuracy the correlations between the mass fractal\namplitudes, while for the Koch snowflake, these correlations are important. It\nis shown that nevertheless, the correlations can be build in the mass fractal\namplitudes, which explains the decay of the scattering intensity $I(q)\\sim\nq^{D_{\\mathrm{s}}-4}$ with $1 < D_{\\mathrm{s}} < 2$ being the fractal dimension\nof the perimeter. The curve $I(q)q^{4-D_{\\mathrm{s}}}$ is found to be\nlog-periodic in the fractal region with the period equal to the scaling factor\nof the fractal. The log-periodicity arises from the self-similarity of sizes of\nbasic structural units rather than from correlations between their distances. A\nrecurrence relation is obtained for the radius of gyration of Koch snowflake,\nwhich is solved in the limit of infinite iterations. The present analysis\nallows us to obtain additional information from SAS data, such as the edges of\nthe fractal regions, the fractal iteration number and the scaling factor.",
        "positive": "Intensity and coherence of motifs in weighted complex networks: The local structure of unweighted networks can be characterized by the number\nof times a subgraph appears in the network. The clustering coefficient,\nreflecting the local configuration of triangles, can be seen as a special case\nof this approach. In this Letter we generalize this method for weighted\nnetworks. We introduce subgraph intensity as the geometric mean of its link\nweights and coherence as the ratio of the geometric to the corresponding\narithmetic mean. Using these measures, motif scores and clustering coefficient\ncan be generalized to weighted networks. To demonstrate these concepts, we\napply them to financial and metabolic networks and find that inclusion of\nweights may considerably modify the conclusions obtained from the study of\nunweighted characteristics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear Dynamics of Active Brownian Particles: We consider finite systems of interacting Brownian particles including active\nfriction in the framework of nonlinear dynamics and statistical/stochastic\ntheory. First we study the statistical properties for $1-d$ systems of masses\nconnected by Toda springs which are imbedded into a heat bath. Including\nnegative friction we find $N+1$ attractors of motion including an attractor\ndescribing dissipative solitons. Noise leads to transition between the\ndeterministic attractors. In the case of two-dynamical motion of interacting\nparticles angular momenta are generated and left/right rotations of pairs and\nswarms are found.",
        "positive": "Boundary fluctuation dynamics of a phase-separated domain in planar\n  geometry: Using theories of phase ordering kinetics and of renormalization group, we\nderive analytically the relaxation times of the long wave-length fluctuations\nof a phase-separated domain boundary in the vicinity of (and below) the\ncritical temperature, in the planar Ising universality class. For a conserved\norder parameter, the relaxation time grows like $\\Lambda^3$ at wave-length\n$\\Lambda$ and can be expressed in terms of parameters relevant at the\nmicroscopic scale: lattice spacing, bulk diffusion coefficient of the minority\nphase, and temperature. These results are supported by numerical simulations of\n2D Ising models, enabling in addition to calculate the non-universal numerical\nprefactor. We discuss the applications of these findings to the determination\nof the real time-scale associated with elementary Monte Carlo moves from the\nmeasurement of long wave-length relaxation times on experimental systems or\nMolecular Dynamics simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Skyrmions in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates: We show that spinor Bose-Einstein condensates not only have line-like vortex\nexcitations, but in general also allow for point-like topological excitations,\ni.e., skyrmions. We discuss the static and dynamic properties of these\nskyrmions for spin-1/2 and ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose gases.",
        "positive": "Green-Kubo formula for weakly coupled system with dynamical noise: We study the Green-Kubo (GK) formula $\\kappa (\\varepsilon, \\xi)$ for the heat\nconductivity of an infinite chain of $d$-dimensional finite systems (cells)\ncoupled by a smooth nearest neighbour potential $\\varepsilon V$. The uncoupled\nsystems evolve according to Hamiltonian dynamics perturbed stochastically by an\nenergy conserving noise of strength $\\xi$. Noting that $\\kappa (\\varepsilon,\n\\xi)$ exists and is finite whenever $\\xi> 0$, we are interested in what happens\nwhen the strength of the noise $\\xi \\to 0$. For this, we start in this work by\nformally expanding $\\kappa (\\varepsilon, \\xi)$ in a power series in\n$\\varepsilon$, $\\kappa (\\varepsilon, \\xi) = \\varepsilon^2 \\sum_{n\\ge 2}\n\\varepsilon^{n-2} \\kappa_n (\\xi)$ and investigating the (formal) equations\nsatisfied by $\\kappa_n (\\xi$. We show in particular that $\\kappa_2 (\\xi)$ is\nwell defined when no pinning potential is present, and coincides formally with\nthe heat conductivity obtained in the weak coupling (van Hove) limit, where\ntime is rescaled as $\\varepsilon^{-2}t$, for the cases where the latter has\nbeen established \\cite{LO, DL}. For one-dimensional systems, we investigate\n$\\kappa_2 (\\xi)$ as $\\xi\\to 0$ in three cases: the disordered harmonic chain,\nthe rotor chain and a chain of strongly anharmonic oscillators. Moreover, we\nformally identify $\\kappa_2 (\\xi)$ with the conductivity obtained by having the\nchain between two reservoirs at temperature $T$ and $T+\\delta T$, in the limit\n$\\delta T\\to 0$, $N \\to \\infty$, $\\varepsilon \\to 0$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Poisson to GOE transition in the distribution of the ratio of\n  consecutive level spacings: Probability distribution for the ratio ($r$) of consecutive level spacings of\nthe eigenvalues of a Poisson (generating regular spectra) spectrum and that of\na GOE random matrix ensemble are given recently. Going beyond these, for the\nensemble generated by the Hamiltonian $H_\\lambda = (H_0+\\lambda\nV)/\\sqrt{1+\\lambda^2}$ interpolating Poisson ($\\lambda=0$) and GOE ($\\lambda\n\\rightarrow \\infty$) we have analyzed the transition curves for $\\langle\nr\\rangle$ and $\\langle \\tilde{r}\\rangle$ as $\\lambda$ changes from $0$ to\n$\\infty$; $\\tilde{r} = min(r,1/r)$. Here, $V$ is a GOE ensemble of real\nsymmetric $d \\times d$ matrices and $H_0$ is a diagonal matrix with a Gaussian\ndistribution (with mean equal to zero) for the diagonal matrix elements;\nspectral variance generated by $H_0$ is assumed to be same as the one generated\nby $V$. Varying $d$ from 300 to 1000, it is shown that the transition parameter\nis $\\Lambda \\sim \\lambda^2\\,d$, i.e. the $\\langle r\\rangle$ vs $\\lambda$\n(similarly for $\\langle \\tilde{r}\\rangle$ vs $\\lambda$) curves for different\n$d$'s merge to a single curve when this is considered as a function of\n$\\Lambda$. Numerically, it is also found that this transition curve generates a\nmapping to a $3 \\times 3$ Poisson to GOE random matrix ensemble. Example for\nPoisson to GOE transition from a one dimensional interacting spin-1/2 chain is\npresented.",
        "positive": "Flory-like Statistics of Fracture in Fiber Bundle Model as obtained via\n  Kolmogorov Dispersion for Turbulence: A conjecture: It has long been conjectured that (rapid) fracture propagation dynamics in\nmaterials and turbulent motion of fluids are two manifestations of the same\nphysical process. The universality class of turbulence (Kolmogorov dispersion\nin particular) had been conjectured to be identifiable with the Flory\nstatistics for linear polymers (self-avoiding walks on lattices). These help us\nto relate fracture statistics to those of linear polymers (Flory statistics).\nThe statistics of fracture in the Fiber Bundle Model (FBM) are now well studied\nand many exact results are now available for the equal load-sharing (ELS)\nscheme. Yet, the correlation length exponent in this model was missing and we\nshow here how the correspondence between fracture statistics and the Flory\nmapping of Kolmogorov statistics for turbulence helps us to make a conjecture\nabout the value of the correlation length exponent for fracture in the ELS\nlimit of FBM, and also about the upper critical dimension. Besides, the\nfracture avalanche size exponent values in lower dimensions (as estimated from\nsuch mapping to Flory statistics) also compare well with the observations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Order parameter profiles in presence of topological defect lines: We consider the broken phase of the n-vector model in n+1 dimensions with\nboundary conditions enforcing the presence of topological defect lines (Ising\ndomain walls, XY vortex lines, and so on), and use field theory to argue an\nexact expression for the order parameter.",
        "positive": "Numerical simulations of long-range open quantum many-body dynamics with\n  tree tensor networks: Open quantum systems provide a conceptually simple setting for the\nexploration of collective behavior stemming from the competition between\nquantum effects, many-body interactions, and dissipative processes. They may\ndisplay dynamics distinct from that of closed quantum systems or undergo\nnonequilibrium phase transitions which are not possible in classical settings.\nHowever, studying open quantum many-body dynamics is challenging, in particular\nin the presence of critical long-range correlations or long-range interactions.\nHere, we make progress in this direction and introduce a numerical method for\nopen quantum systems, based on tree tensor networks. Such a structure is\nexpected to improve the encoding of many-body correlations and we adopt an\nintegration scheme suited for long-range interactions and applications to\ndissipative dynamics. We test the method using a dissipative Ising model with\npower-law decaying interactions and observe signatures of a first-order phase\ntransition for power-law exponents smaller than one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization in a stochastic Hebbian network of phase oscillators: We investigate a generalized Kuramoto phase-oscillator model with Hebb-like\ncouplings that evolve according to a stochastic differential equation on\nvarious topologies. Numerical simulations show that even with identical\noscillators, there is a regime in the nearest-neighbor coupling topologies and\na complex network topology where oscillators move between an in phase and\nanti-phase state. Phase diagrams show the transition probabilities as a\nfunction of the noise strength and rate of evolution of network coupling. A\nminimal theoretical model allows us to understand these transitions.",
        "positive": "Carnot efficiency is reachable in an irreversible process: In thermodynamics, there exists a conventional belief that \"the Carnot\nefficiency is reachable only when a process is reversible.\" However, there is\nno theorem proving that the Carnot efficiency is unattainable in an\nirreversible process. Here, we show that the Carnot efficiency is reachable in\nan irreversible process through investigation of the Feynman-Smoluchowski\nratchet (FSR). We also show that it is possible to enhance the efficiency by\nincreasing the irreversibility. Our result opens a new possibility of designing\nan efficient heat engine in a highly irreversible process and also answers the\nlong-standing question of whether the FSR can operate with the Carnot\nefficiency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deciphering long-range order in active matter: Insights from swimming\n  bacteria in quasi-2D and electrokinetic Janus particles: Emergent order resulting from spontaneous symmetry breakings has been a\ncentral topic in statistical physics. Active matter systems composed of\nnonequilibrium elements exhibit a diverse range of fascinating phenomena beyond\nequilibrium physics. One striking example is the emergent long-range\norientational order in two dimensions, which is prohibited in equilibrium\nsystems. The existence of long-range order in active matter systems was\npredicted first by a numerical model and proven analytically by dynamic\nrenormalization group analysis. Experimental evidence for long-range order with\ngiant number fluctuations has been provided in some experimental systems\nincluding microswimmers such as swimming bacteria and electrokinetic Janus\nparticles. In this review, we provide a pedagogical introduction to the\ntheoretical descriptions of long-range order in collective motion of active\nmatter systems and an overview of the experimental efforts in the two\nprototypical microswimmer experimental systems. We also offer critical\nassessments of how and when such long-range order can be achieved in\nexperimental systems. By comparing numerical, theoretical, and experimental\nresults, we discuss the future challenges in active matter physics.",
        "positive": "Temporal disorder in up-down symmetric systems: The effect of temporal disorder on systems with up-down Z2 symmetry is\nstudied. In particular, we analyze two well-known families of phase\ntransitions: the Ising and the generalized voter universality classes, and\nscrutinize the consequences of placing them under fluctuating global\nconditions. We observe that variability of the control parameter induces in\nboth classes \"Temporal Griffiths Phases\" (TGP). These recently-uncovered phases\nare analogous to standard Griffiths Phases appearing in systems with quenched\nspatial disorder, but where the roles of space and time are exchanged. TGPs are\ncharacterized by broad regions in parameter space in which (i) mean\nfirst-passage times scale algebraically with system size, and (ii) the system\nresponse (e.g. susceptibility) diverges. Our results confirm that TGPs are\nquite robust and ubiquitous in the presence of temporal disorder. Possible\napplications of our results to examples in ecology are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Grassmann Variables and Pseudoclassical Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: The concept of a propagator is useful and is a well-known object in diffusion\nNMR experiments. Here, we investigate the related concept; the propagator for\nthe magnetisation or the Green's function of the Torrey-Bloch equations. The\nmagnetisation propagator is constructed by defining functions such as the\nHamiltonian and Lagrangian and using these to define a path integral. It is\nshown that the equations of motion derived from the Lagrangian produce\ncomplex-valued trajectories (classical paths) and it is conjectured that the\nend-points of these trajectories are real-valued. The complex nature of the\ntrajectories also suggests that the spin degrees of freedom are also encoded\ninto the trajectories and this idea is explored by explicitly modeling the spin\nor precessing magnetisation by anticommuting Grassmann variables. A\npseudoclassical Lagrangian is constructed by combining the diffusive (bosonic)\nLagrangian with the Grassmann (fermionic) Lagrangian, and performing the path\nintegral over the Grassmann variables recovers the original Lagrangian that was\nused in the construction of the propagator for the magnetisation. The\ntrajectories of the pseudoclassical model also provide some insight into the\nnature of the end-points.",
        "positive": "Why everything gets slower ?: A social system is represented by the Barabasi-Albert model. At each node of\nthe graph, an Ising spin is placed with antiferromagnetic interaction between\nconnected nodes. ... The system changes only at its initial stages. ... The\nconclusions are illustrated with events from recent European history where\nafter some strong change a rather immobile society evolved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal asymptotic behavior in nonlinear systems driven by a\n  two-frequency forcing: We examine the time-dependent behavior of a nonlinear system driven by a\ntwo-frequency forcing. By using a non-perturbative approach, we are able to\nderive an asymptotic expression, valid in the long-time limit, for the time\naverage of the output variable which describes the response of the system. We\nidentify several universal features of the asymptotic response of the system,\nwhich are independent of the details of the model. In particular, we determine\nan asymptotic expression for the width of the resonance observed by keeping one\nfrequency fixed, and varying the other one. We show that this width is smaller\nthan the usually assumed Fourier width by a factor determined by the two\ndriving frequencies, and independent of the model system parameters. Additional\ngeneral features can also be identified depending on the specific symmetry\nproperties of the system. Our results find direct application in the study of\nsub-Fourier signal processing with nonlinear systems.",
        "positive": "Collision Rates in Charged Granular Gases: The dissipation rate due to inelastic collisions between equally charged,\ninsulating particles in a granular gas is calculated. It is equal to the known\ndissipation rate for uncharged granular media multiplied by a Boltzmann-like\nfactor, that originates from Coulomb repulsion. Particle correlations lead to\nan effective potential that replaces the bare Coulomb potential in the\nBoltzmann factor. Collisional cooling in a granular gas proceeds with the known\nt^-2 -law, until the kinetic energy of the grains becomes smaller than the\nCoulomb barrier. Then the granular temperature approaches a time dependence\nproportional to 1/ln(t). If the particles have different charges of equal sign,\nthe collision rate can always be lowered by redistributing the charge, until\nall particles carry the same charge. Finally granular flow through a vertical\npipe is briefly discussed. All results are confirmed by computer simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Properties of Contact Maps: A contact map is a simple representation of the structure of proteins and\nother chain-like macromolecules. This representation is quite amenable to\nnumerical studies of folding. We show that the number of contact maps\ncorresponding to the possible configurations of a polypeptide chain of N amino\nacids, represented by (N-1)-step self avoiding walks on a lattice, grows\nexponentially with N for all dimensions D>1. We carry out exact enumerations in\nD=2 on the square and triangular lattices for walks of up to 20 steps and\ninvestigate various statistical properties of contact maps corresponding to\nsuch walks. We also study the exact statistics of contact maps generated by\nwalks on a ladder.",
        "positive": "Non-monotonic displacement distribution of active random walkers: We consider a simple model for active random walk with general temporal\ncorrelations, and investigate the shape of the probability distribution\nfunction of the displacement during a short time interval. We find that under\ncertain conditions the distribution is non-monotonic and we show analytically\nand numerically that the existence of the non-monotonicity is governed by the\nwalker's tendency to move forward, while the correlations between the timing of\nits active motion control the magnitude and shape of the non-monotonicity. In\nparticular, we find that in a homogeneous system such non-monotonicity can\noccur only if the persistence is strong enough."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Principle of Minimal Work Fluctuations: Understanding and manipulating work fluctuations in microscale and nanoscale\nsystems are of both fundamental and practical interest. For example, in\nconsidering the Jarzynski equality $\\langle e^{-\\beta W} \\rangle=e^{-\\beta\n\\Delta F}$, a change in the fluctuations of $e^{-\\beta W}$ may impact on how\nfast the statistical average of $e^{-\\beta W}$ converges towards the\ntheoretical value $e^{-\\beta \\Delta F}$, where $W$ is the work, $\\beta$ is the\ninverse temperature, and $\\Delta F$ is free energy difference between two\nequilibrium states. Motivated by our previous study aiming at the suppression\nof work fluctuations, here we obtain a principle of minimal work fluctuations.\nIn brief, adiabatic processes as treated in quantum and classical adiabatic\ntheorems yield the minimal fluctuations in $e^{-\\beta W}$. In the quantum\ndomain, if a system initially prepared at thermal equilibrium is subject to a\nwork protocol but isolated from a bath during the time evolution, then a\nquantum adiabatic process without energy level crossing (or an assisted\nadiabatic process reaching the same final states as in a conventional adiabatic\nprocess) yields the minimal fluctuations in $e^{-\\beta W}$, where $W$ is the\nquantum work defined by two energy measurements in the beginning and at the end\nof the process. In the classical domain where the classical work protocol is\nrealizable by an adiabatic process, then the classical adiabatic process also\nyields the minimal fluctuations in $e^{-\\beta W}$. Numerical experiments based\non a Landau-Zener process confirm our theory in the quantum domain, and our\ntheory in the classical domain explains our previous numerical findings\nregarding the suppression of classical work fluctuations [G.~Y.~Xiao and\nJ.~B.~Gong, Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 90}, 052132 (2014)].",
        "positive": "Very large stochastic resonance gains in finite sets of interacting\n  identical subsystems driven by subthreshold rectangular pulses: We study the phenomenon of nonlinear stochastic resonance (SR) in a complex\nnoisy system formed by a finite number of interacting subunits driven by\nrectangular pulsed time periodic forces. We find that very large SR gains are\nobtained for subthreshold driving forces with frequencies much larger than the\nvalues observed in simpler one-dimensional systems. These effects are explained\nusing simple considerations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy, entropy flux and entropy supply rate of granular fluids: The aim of this work is to analyze the entropy, entropy flux and entropy\nsupply rate of granular fluids within the frameworks of the Boltzmann equation\nand continuum thermodynamics. It is shown that the entropy inequality for a\ngranular gas that follows from the Boltzmann equation differs from the one of a\nsimple fluid due to the presence of a term which can be identified as the rate\nof entropy supply density. From the knowledge of a non-equilibrium distribution\nfunction -- valid for for processes closed to equilibrium and quasi-elastic\nrestitution coefficients -- it is obtained that the rate of entropy supply\ndensity is equal to the rate of internal energy production density divided by\nthe temperature and the entropy flux is equal to the heat flux vector divided\nby the temperature. A thermodynamic theory of a granular fluid is also\ndeveloped whose objective is the determination of the basic fields of mass\ndensity, momentum density and internal energy density. The constitutive laws\nare restricted by the principle of material frame indifference and by the\nentropy principle. Through the exploitation of the entropy principle with\nLagrange multipliers, it is shown that the results obtained from the kinetic\ntheory for granular gases concerning the rate of entropy supply density and\nentropy flux are valid in general for processes close to equilibrium of\ngranular fluids, where linearized constitutive equations hold.",
        "positive": "Bicomponents and the robustness of networks to failure: A common definition of a robust connection between two nodes in a network\nsuch as a communication network is that there should be at least two\nindependent paths connecting them, so that the failure of no single node in the\nnetwork causes them to become disconnected. This definition leads us naturally\nto consider bicomponents, subnetworks in which every node has a robust\nconnection of this kind to every other. Here we study bicomponents in both real\nand model networks using a combination of exact analytic techniques and\nnumerical methods. We show that standard network models predict there to be\nessentially no small bicomponents in most networks, but there may be a giant\nbicomponent, whose presence coincides with the presence of the ordinary giant\ncomponent, and we find that real networks seem by and large to follow this\npattern, although there are some interesting exceptions. We study the size of\nthe giant bicomponent as nodes in the network fail, using a specially developed\ncomputer algorithm based on data trees, and find in some cases that our\nnetworks are quite robust to failure, with large bicomponents persisting until\nalmost all vertices have been removed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crystalline phases of polydisperse spheres: We use specialized Monte Carlo simulation methods and moment free energy\ncalculations to provide conclusive evidence that dense polydisperse spheres at\nequilibrium demix into coexisting fcc phases, with more phases appearing as the\nspread of diameters increases. We manage to track up to four coexisting phases.\nEach of these is fractionated: it contains a narrower distribution of particle\nsizes than is present in the system overall. We also demonstrate that,\nsurprisingly, demixing transitions can be nearly continuous, accompanied by\nfluctuations in local particle size correlated over many lattice spacings.",
        "positive": "Strong anisotropy in two-dimensional surfaces with generic scale\n  invariance: Gaussian and related models: Among systems that display generic scale invariance, those whose asymptotic\nproperties are anisotropic in space (strong anisotropy, SA) have received a\nrelatively smaller attention, specially in the context of kinetic roughening\nfor two-dimensional surfaces. This is in contrast with their experimental\nubiquity, e.g. in the context of thin film production by diverse techniques.\nBased on exact results for integrable (linear) cases, here we formulate a SA\nAnsatz that, albeit equivalent to existing ones borrowed from equilibrium\ncritical phenomena, is more naturally adapted to the type of observables that\nare measured in experiments on the dynamics of thin films, such as one and\ntwo-dimensional height structure factors. We test our Ansatz on a paradigmatic\nnonlinear stochastic equation displaying strong anisotropy like the Hwa-Kardar\nequation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1813 (1989)], that was initially proposed to\ndescribe the interface dynamics of running sand piles. A very important role to\nelucidate its SA properties is played by an accurate (Gaussian) approximation\nthrough a non-local linear equation that shares the same asymptotic properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Extension of a Physical Body in Classical Motion. An Analogy for\n  a Pseudo-Velocity Concept and Wiener's Process in (Ideal) Polymer Solutions: A pseudo-velocity concept, based on the extension of a linear body, is\ndefined by a special relativity experiment. It suggests an analogy with the\ncovariance properties of Wiener's process, ultimately implying that the scaling\nbehavior of (Gaussian) polymer solutions can be derived from a Brownian\nRelativity theory, as it was formerly put forward. An ad-hoc statistical\ninterpretation of the resulting spacetime transforms may be given by the\ncentral limit theorem.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of the Number of Trades of Financial Securities: We perform a parallel analysis of the spectral density of (i) the logarithm\nof price and (ii) the daily number of trades of a set of stocks traded in the\nNew York Stock Exchange. The stocks are selected to be representative of a wide\nrange of stock capitalization. The observed spectral densities show a different\npower-law behavior. We confirm the $1/f^2$ behavior for the spectral density of\nthe logarithm of stock price whereas we detect a $1/f$-like behavior for the\nspectral density of the daily number of trades."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical examination of steady-state thermodynamics from the entropy\n  connected to the excess heat: We numerically determine the entropy for heat-conducting states, which is\nconnected to the so-called excess heat considered as a basic quantity for\nsteady-state thermodynamics in nonequilibrium. We adopt an efficient method to\nestimate the entropy from the bare heat current and find that the obtained\nentropy agrees with the familiar local equilibrium hypothesis well. Our method\npossesses a wider applicability than local equilibrium and opens a possibility\nto compare thermodynamic properties of complex systems with those in the local\nequilibrium. We further investigate the entropy for heat-conducting states and\nfind that it exhibits both extensive and additive properties; however, the two\nproperties do not degenerate each other differently from those at equilibrium.\nThe separation of the extensivity and additivity makes it difficult to apply\npowerful thermodynamic methods.",
        "positive": "Analysis of the earlier times and flux of the entropy on the majority\n  voter model with difusion: We study the properties of nonequilibrium systems modelled as spin models\nwithout defined Hamiltonian as the majority voter model. This model has\ntransition probabilities that do not satisfy the condition of detailed balance.\nThe lack of detailed balance leads to entropy production phenomena, which are a\nhallmark of the irreversibility. By considering that voters can diffuse on the\nlattice we analyze how the entropy production and how the critical properties\nare affected by this diffusion. We also explore two important aspects of the\ndiffusion effects on the majority voter model by studying entropy production\nand entropy flux via time-dependent and steady state simulations. This study is\ncompleted by calculating some critical exponents as function of the diffusion\nprobability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hidden percolation transition in kinetic replication process: The one-dimensional kinetic contact process with parallel update is\nintroduced and studied by the mean-field approximation and Monte Carlo (MC)\nsimulations. Contrary to a more conventional scenario with single active phase\nfor 1d models with Ising-like variables, we find two different adjacent active\nphases in the parameter space of the proposed model with a second-order\ntransition between them and a multiphase point where the active and the\nabsorbing phases meet. While one of the active phases is quite standard with a\nsmooth average filling of the space-time lattice, the second active phase\ndemonstrates a very subtle (hidden) percolating order which becomes manifest\nonly after certain transformation from the original model. We determine the\npercolation order parameter for active-active phase transition and discuss such\nhidden orders in other low-dimensional systems. Our MC data demonstrate\nfinite-size critical and near-critical scaling of the order parameter\nrelaxation for the two phase transitions. We find three independent critical\nindices for them and conclude that they both belong to the directed percolation\nuniversality class.",
        "positive": "Gauge theory of Finance?: Some problems with the recent stimulating proposal of a ``Gauge Theory of\nFinance'' by Ilinski and collaborators are outlined. First, the derivation of\nthe log-normal distribution is shown equivalent both in information and\nmathematical content to the simpler and well-known derivation, dating back from\nBachelier and Samuelson. Similarly, the re-derivation of Black-Scholes equation\nis shown equivalent to the standard one because the limit of no uncertainty is\nequivalent to the standard risk-free replication argument. Both re-derivations\nof the log-normality and Black-Scholes result do not provide a test of the\ntheory because it is degenerate in the limits where these results apply. Third,\nthe choice of the exponential form a la Boltzmann, of the weight of a given\nmarket configuration, is a key postulate that requires justification. In\naddition, the ``Gauge Theory of Finance'' seems to lead to ``virtual''\narbitrage opportunities for pure Markov random walk market when there should be\nnone. These remarks are offered in the hope to improve the formulation of the\n``Gauge Theory of Finance'' into a coherent and useful framework."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spontaneous and induced dynamic correlations in glass-formers II: Model\n  calculations and comparison to numerical simulations: We study in detail the predictions of various theoretical approaches, in\nparticular mode-coupling theory (MCT) and kinetically constrained models\n(KCMs), concerning the time, temperature, and wavevector dependence of\nmulti-point correlation functions that quantify the strength of both induced\nand spontaneous dynamical fluctuations. We also discuss the precise predictions\nof MCT concerning the statistical ensemble and microscopic dynamics dependence\nof these multi-point correlation functions. These predictions are compared to\nsimulations of model fragile and strong glass-forming liquids. Overall, MCT\nfares quite well in the fragile case, in particular explaining the observed\ncrucial role of the statistical ensemble and microscopic dynamics, while MCT\npredictions do not seem to hold in the strong case. KCMs provide a simplified\nframework for understanding how these multi-point correlation functions may\nencode dynamic correlations in glassy materials. However, our analysis\nhighlights important unresolved questions concerning the application of KCMs to\nsupercooled liquids.",
        "positive": "Replica analysis of the p-spin interactions Ising spin-glass model: The thermodynamics of the infinite-range Ising spin glass with p-spin\ninteractions in the presence of an external magnetic field h is investigated\nanalytically using the replica method. We give emphasis to the analysis of the\ntransition between the replica symmetric and the one-step replica symmetry\nbreaking regimes. In particular, we derive analytical conditions for the onset\nof the continuous transition, as well as for the location of the tricritical\npoint at which the transition between those two regimes becomes discontinuous."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasi-Stationary Distributions for Models of Heterogeneous Catalysis: We construct the quasi-stationary (QS) distribution for two models of\nheterogeneous catalysis having two absorbing states: the ZGB model for the\noxidation of CO, and a version with noninstantaneous reactions. Using a\nmean-field-like approximation, we study the quasi-stationary surface coverages,\nmoment ratios and the lifetime of the QS state. We also derive an improved,\nconsistent one-site mean-field theory for the ZGB model.",
        "positive": "Return times for Stochastic processes with power-law scaling: An analytical study of the return time distribution of extreme events for\nstochastic processes with power-law correlation has been carried on. The\ncalculation is based on an epsilon-expansion in the correlation exponent:\nC(t)=|t|^{-1+epsilon}. The fixed point of the theory is associated with\nstretched exponential scaling of the distribution; analytical expressions,\nvalid in the pre-asymptotic regime, have been provided. Also the permanence\ntime distribution appears to be characterized by stretched exponential scaling.\nThe conditions for application of the theory to non-Gaussian processes have\nbeen analyzed and the relations with the issue of return times in the case of\nmultifractal measures have been discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Results for Average Cluster Numbers in Bond Percolation on\n  Infinite-Length Lattice Strips: We calculate exact analytic expressions for the average cluster numbers\n$\\langle k \\rangle_{\\Lambda_s}$ on infinite-length strips $\\Lambda_s$, with\nvarious widths, of several different lattices, as functions of the bond\noccupation probability, $p$. It is proved that these expressions are rational\nfunctions of $p$. As special cases of our results, we obtain exact values of\n$\\langle k \\rangle_{\\Lambda_s}$ and derivatives of $\\langle k\n\\rangle_{\\Lambda_s}$ with respect to $p$, evaluated at the critical percolation\nprobabilities $p_{c,\\Lambda}$ for the corresponding infinite two-dimensional\nlattices $\\Lambda$. We compare these exact results with an analytic finite-size\ncorrection formula and find excellent agreement. We also analyze how unphysical\npoles in $\\langle k \\rangle_{\\Lambda_s}$ determine the radii of convergence of\nseries expansions for small $p$ and for $p$ near to unity. Our calculations are\nperformed for infinite-length strips of the square, triangular, and honeycomb\nlattices with several types of transverse boundary conditions.",
        "positive": "The Schr\u00f6dinger formulation of the Feynman path centroid density: We present an analysis of the Feynman path centroid density that provides new\ninsight into the correspondence between the path integral and the Schr\\\"odinger\nformulations of statistical mechanics. The path centroid density is a central\nconcept for several approximations (centroid molecular dynamics, quantum\ntransition state theory, and pure quantum self-consistent harmonic\napproximation) that are used in path integral studies of thermodynamic and\ndynamical properties of quantum particles. The centroid density is related to\nthe quasi-static response of the equilibrium system to an external force. The\npath centroid dispersion is the canonical correlation of the position operator,\nthat measures the linear change in the mean position of a quantum particle upon\nthe application of a constant external force. At low temperatures, this\nquantity provides an approximation to the excitation energy of the quantum\nsystem. In the zero temperature limit, the particle's probability density\nobtained by fixed centroid path integrals corresponds to the probability\ndensity of minimum energy wave packets, whose average energy define the Feynman\neffective classical potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A sluggish random walk with subdiffusive spread: We study a one-dimensional sluggish random walk with space-dependent\ntransition probabilities between nearest-neighbour lattice sites. Motivated by\ntrap models of slow dynamics, we consider a model in which the trap depth\nincreases logarithmically with distance from the origin. This leads to a random\nwalk which has symmetric transition probabilities that decrease with distance\n$|k|$ from the origin as $1/|k|$ for large $|k|$. We show that the typical\nposition after time $t$ scales as $t^{1/3}$ with a nontrivial scaling function\nfor the position distribution which has a trough (a cusp singularity) at the\norigin. Therefore an effective central bias away from the origin emerges even\nthough the transition probabilities are symmetric. We also compute the survival\nprobability of the walker in the presence of a sink at the origin and show that\nit decays as $t^{-1/3}$ at late times. Furthermore we compute the distribution\nof the maximum position, $M(t)$, to the right of the origin up to time $t$, and\nshow that it has a nontrivial scaling function. Finally we provide a\ngeneralisation of this model where the transition probabilities decay as\n$1/|k|^\\alpha$ with $\\alpha >0$.",
        "positive": "Conditioned diffusion processes with an absorbing boundary condition for\n  finite or infinite horizon: When the unconditioned process is a diffusion living on the half-line $x \\in\n]-\\infty,a[$ in the presence of an absorbing boundary condition at position\n$x=a$, we construct various conditioned processes corresponding to finite or\ninfinite horizon. When the time horizon is finite $T<+\\infty$, the conditioning\nconsists in imposing the probability $P^*(y,T ) $ to be surviving at time $T$\nand at the position $y \\in ]-\\infty,a[$, as well as the probability\n$\\gamma^*(T_a ) $ to have been absorbed at the previous time $T_a \\in [0,T]$.\nWhen the time horizon is infinite $T=+\\infty$, the conditioning consists in\nimposing the probability $\\gamma^*(T_a ) $ to have been absorbed at the time\n$T_a \\in [0,+\\infty[$, whose normalization $[1- S^*(\\infty )]$ determines the\nconditioned probability $S^*(\\infty ) \\in [0,1]$ of forever-survival. This case\nof infinite horizon $T=+\\infty$ can be thus reformulated as the conditioning of\ndiffusion processes with respect to their first-passage-time properties at\nposition $a$. This general framework is applied to the explicit case where the\nunconditioned process is the Brownian motion with uniform drift $\\mu$ in order\nto generate stochastic trajectories satisfying various types of conditioning\nconstraints. Finally, we describe the links with the dynamical large deviations\nat Level 2.5 and the stochastic control theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inhomogeneous Reptation of Polymers: We study the motion of long polymers (eg DNA) in a gel under the influence of\nan external force acting locally on small segments of the polymer. In\nparticular, we examine the dependence of the drift velocity on the position\nwhere the force acts and the length of the polymer. As an application, we\ndiscuss the possibility of gel magnetophoresis - the size-separation of long\npolymers by the attachment of a magnetic bead at an arbitrary position along\nthe length of the polymer. We show that there is a regime where the separation\nof such polymers with this `random-position beading' is possible.",
        "positive": "On the uniqueness of Gibbs states in the Pirogov-Sinai theory: We prove that, for low-temperature systems considered in the Pirogov-Sinai\ntheory, uniqueness in the class of translation-periodic Gibbs states implies\nglobal uniqueness, i.e. the absence of any non-periodic Gibbs state. The\napproach to this infinite volume state is exponentially fast."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Can Finite Size Effects in the Poland-Scheraga Model Explain Simulations\n  of a Simple Model for DNA Denaturation ?: We compare results of previous simulations of a simple model of DNA\ndenaturation to the predictions of the Poland-Scheraga model. Concentrating on\nthe critical region of the latter model we calculate both thermodynamic\nquantities and the distribution functions measured in the simulations. We find\nthat the Poland-Scheraga model yields an excellent fit to the data, provided\n(i) we include a (singular) factor weighting the open ends of the doubly\nstranded chain, and (ii) we keep the leading corrections to the finite size\nscaling limit. The exponent c_1, which governs the end-weighting factor, is\nfairly well determined: 0.1 <~ c_1 <~ 0.15. The exponent c, which governs the\nlength distribution of large loops, is determined only poorly. The data are\ncompatible with values of c in at least the range 1.9 <~ c <~ 2.2. From the\ndata it therefore cannot be decided whether the denaturation transition\nasymptotically is of first or of second order. We suggest that simulations of\ndoubly stranded chains closed at both ends might allow for a more precise\ndetermination of c.",
        "positive": "Heat transport in long-ranged anharmonic oscillator models: In this work, we perform a detailed study of heat transport in one\ndimensional long-ranged anharmonic oscillator systems, such as the long-ranged\nFermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou model. For these systems, the long-ranged anharmonic\npotential decays with distance as a power-law, controlled by an exponent\n$\\delta \\geq 0$. For such a non-integrable model, one of the recent results\nthat has captured quite some attention is the puzzling ballistic-like transport\nobserved for $\\delta = 2$, reminiscent of integrable systems. Here, we first\nemploy the reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to look\nclosely at the $\\delta = 2$ transport in three long-ranged models, and point\nout a few problematic issues with this simulation method. Next, we examine the\nprocess of energy relaxation, and find that relaxation can be appreciably slow\nfor $\\delta = 2$ in some situations. We invoke the concept of nonlinear\nlocalized modes of excitation, also known as discrete breathers, and\ndemonstrate that the slow relaxation and the ballistic-like transport\nproperties can be consistently explained in terms of a novel depinning of the\ndiscrete breathers that makes them highly mobile at $\\delta = 2$. Finally, in\nthe presence of quartic pinning potentials we find that the long-ranged model\nexhibits Fourier (diffusive) transport at $\\delta = 2$, as one would expect\nfrom short-ranged interacting systems with broken momentum conservation. Such a\ndiffusive regime is not observed for harmonic pinning."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dependence of the liquid-vapor surface tension on the range of\n  interaction: a test of the law of corresponding states: The planar surface tension of coexisting liquid and vapor phases of a fluid\nof Lennard-Jones atoms is studied as a function of the range of the potential\nusing both Monte Carlo simulations and Density Functional Theory. The\ninteraction range is varied from $r_c^* = 2.5$ to $r_c^* = 6$ and the surface\ntension is determined for temperatures ranging from $T^* = 0.7$ up to the\ncritical temperature in each case. The results are shown to be consistent with\nprevious studies. The simulation data are well-described by Guggenheim's law of\ncorresponding states but the agreement of the theoretical results depends on\nthe quality of the bulk equation of state.",
        "positive": "First-passage time distribution for random walks on complex networks\n  using inverse Laplace transform and mean-field approximation: We obtain an exact formula for the first-passage time probability\ndistribution for random walks on complex networks using inverse Laplace\ntransform. We write the formula as the summation of finitely many terms with\ndifferent frequencies corresponding to the poles of Laplace transformed\nfunction and separate the short-term and long-term behavior of the\nfirst-passage process. We give a formula of the decay rate $\\beta$, which is\ninversely proportional to the characteristic relaxation time $\\tau$ of the\ntarget node. This exact formula for the first-passage probability between two\nnodes at a given time can be approximately solved in the mean field\napproximation by estimation of the characteristic relaxation time $\\tau$. Our\ntheoretical results compare well with numerical simulation on artificial as\nwell as real networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite field formalism for bulk electrolyte solutions: The manner in which electrolyte solutions respond to electric fields is\ncrucial to understanding the behavior of these systems both at, and away from,\nequilibrium. The present formulation of linear response theory for such systems\nis inconsistent with common molecular dynamics (MD) implementations. Using the\nfinite field formalism, suitably adapted for finite temperature MD, we\ninvestigate the response of bulk aqueous NaCl solutions to both finite Maxwell\n($\\mathbf{E}$) and electric displacement ($\\mathbf{D}$) fields. The constant\n$\\mathbf{E}$ Hamiltonian allows us to derive the linear response relation for\nthe ionic conductivity in a simple manner that is consistent with the forces\nused in conventional MD simulations. Simulations of a simple point charge model\nof an electrolyte solution at constant $\\mathbf{E}$ yield conductivities at\ninfinite dilution within 15% of experimental values. The finite field approach\nalso allows us to measure the solvent's dielectric constant from its\npolarization response, which is seen to decrease with increasing ionic\nstrength. Comparison of the dielectric constant measured from polarization\nresponse versus polarization fluctuations enables direct evaluation of the\ndynamic contribution to this dielectric decrement, which we find to be small\nbut not insignificant. Using the constant $\\mathbf{D}$ formulation, we also\nrederive the Stillinger-Lovett conditions, which place strict constraints on\nthe coupling between solvent and ionic polarization fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Fluctuations of the critical Casimir force: The critical Casimir force (CCF) arises from confining fluctuations in a\ncritical fluid and thus it is a fluctuating quantity itself. While the mean CCF\nis universal, its (static) variance has previously been found to depend on the\nmicroscopic details of the system which effectively set a large-momentum cutoff\nin the underlying field theory, rendering it potentially large. This raises the\nquestion how the properties of the force variance are reflected in\nexperimentally observable quantities, such as the thickness of a wetting film\nor the position of a suspended colloidal particle. Here, based on a rigorous\ndefinition of the instantaneous force, we analyze static and dynamic\ncorrelations of the CCF for a conserved fluid in film geometry for various\nboundary conditions within the Gaussian approximation. We find that the dynamic\ncorrelation function of the CCF is independent of the momentum cutoff and\ndecays algebraically in time. Within the Gaussian approximation, the associated\nexponent depends only on the dynamic universality class but not on the boundary\nconditions. We furthermore consider a fluid film, the thickness of which can\nfluctuate under the influence of the time-dependent CCF. The latter gives rise\nto an effective non-Markovian noise in the equation of motion of the film\nboundary and induces a distinct contribution to the position variance. Within\nthe approximations used here, at short times, this contribution grows\nalgebraically in time whereas, at long times, it saturates and contributes to\nthe steady-state variance of the film thickness."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Are defect models consistent with the entropy and specific heat of\n  glass-formers?: We show that point-like defect model of glasses cannot explain thermodynamic\nproperties of glass-formers, as for example the excess specific heat close to\nthe glass transition, contrary to the claim of J.P. Garrahan, D. Chandler\n[Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100, 9710 (2003)]. More general models and approaches\nin terms of extended defects are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Spatial Structures in a Generalized Ginzburg-Landau Free Energy: Searching for characteristic signatures of a higher order phase transition\n(specifically of order three or four), we have calculated the spatial profiles\nand the energies of a spatially varying order parameter in one dimension. In\nthe case of a $p^{th}$ order phase transition to a superconducting ground\nstate, the free energy density depends on temperature as $a^p$, where $a =\na_o(1-T/T_c)$ is the reduced temperature. The energy of a domain wall between\ntwo degenerate ground states is $\\epsilon_p \\simeq a^{p-1/2}$. We have also\ninvestigated the effects of a supercurrent in a narrow wire. These effects are\nlimited by a critical current which has a temperature dependence $J_c(T) \\simeq\na^{(2p-1)/2}$. The phase slip center profiles and their energies are also\ncalculated. Given the suggestion that the superconducting transtion in \\bkbox,\nfor $x = 0.4$, may be of order four, these predictions have relevance for\nfuture experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Imaginary noise and parity conservation in the reaction A+A <--> 0: The master equation for the reversible reaction A+A <--> 0 is considered in\nPoisson representation, where it is equivalent to a Langevin equation with\nimaginary noise for a complex stochastic variable \\phi. Such Langevin equations\nappear quite generally in field-theoretic treatments of reaction-diffusion\nproblems. For this example we study the probability flow in the complex \\phi\nplane both analytically and by simulation. We show that this flow has various\ncurious features that must be expected to occur similarly in other Langevin\nequations associated with reaction-diffusion problems.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions detached from stationary points of the energy\n  landscape: The stationary points of the potential energy function V are studied for the\n\\phi^4 model on a two-dimensional square lattice with nearest-neighbor\ninteractions. On the basis of analytical and numerical results, we explore the\nrelation of stationary points to the occurrence of thermodynamic phase\ntransitions. We find that the phase transition potential energy of the \\phi^4\nmodel does in general not coincide with the potential energy of any of the\nstationary points of V. This disproves earlier, allegedly rigorous, claims in\nthe literature on necessary conditions for the existence of phase transitions.\nMoreover, we find evidence that the indices of stationary points scale\nextensively with the system size, and therefore the index density can be used\nto characterize features of the energy landscape in the infinite-system limit.\nWe conclude that the finite-system stationary points provide one possible\nmechanism of how a phase transition can arise, but not the only one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nucleation versus percolation: Scaling criterion for failure in\n  disordered solids: One of the major factors governing the mode of failure in disordered solids\nis the effective range $R$, over which the stress field is modified following a\nlocal rupture event. In random fiber bundle model, considered as a prototype of\ndisordered solids, we show that the failure mode is nucleation dominated in the\nlarge system size limit, as long as $R$ scales slower than $L^{\\zeta}$, with\n$\\zeta=2/3$. For a faster increase in $R$, the failure properties are dominated\nby the mean-field critical point, where the damages are uncorrelated in space.\nIn that limit, the precursory avalanches of all sizes are obtained even in the\nlarge system size limit. We expect these results to be valid for systems with\nfinite (normalizable) disorder.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium dynamics of a mixed spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 Ising\n  ferrimagnetic system with a time dependent oscillating magnetic field source: Nonequilibrium phase transition properties of a mixed Ising ferrimagnetic\nmodel consisting of spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 on a square lattice under the\nexistence of a time dependent oscillating magnetic field have been investigated\nby making use of Monte Carlo simulations with single-spin flip Metropolis\nalgorithm. A complete picture of dynamic phase boundary and magnetization\nprofiles have been illustrated and the conditions of a dynamic compensation\nbehavior have been discussed in detail. According to our simulation results,\nthe considered system does not point out a dynamic compensation behavior, when\nit only includes the nearest-neighbor interaction, single-ion anisotropy and an\noscillating magnetic field source. As the next-nearest-neighbor interaction\nbetween the spins-1/2 takes into account and exceeds a characteristic value\nwhich sensitively depends upon values of single-ion anisotropy and only of\namplitude of external magnetic field, a dynamic compensation behavior occurs in\nthe system. Finally, it is reported that it has not been found any evidence of\ndynamically first-order phase transition between dynamically ordered and\ndisordered phases, which conflicts with the recently published molecular field\ninvestigation, for a wide range of selected system parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two dimensional Ising model with long-range competing interactions: The two-dimensional Ising model with competing short range ferromagnetic\ninteractions and long range antiferromagnetic interactions is perhaps the most\nsimple one containing the minimal microscopic ingredients necessary for an\nappropriate description of the macroscopic properties of ultrathin films and\nquasi--two--dimensional magnetic materials. Despite such relative simplicity,\nthe frustration introduced by the competition between interactions generates\ncomplex behaviors that have eluded, up to now, a complete understanding of its\ngeneral properties. In this work we review recent advances in the understanding\nof both equilibrium and non-equilibrium properties of the model. This includes\na detailed description of several known properties of the thermodynamical phase\ndiagram, as well as the existence of several types of metastable states and\ntheir influence in the low temperature dynamics.",
        "positive": "On the balance equations for a dilute binary mixture in special\n  relativity: In this work we study the properties of a relativistic mixture of two\nnon-reacting species in thermal local equilibrium. We use the full Boltzmann\nequation (BE) to find the general balance equations. Following conventional\nideas in kinetic theory, we use the concept of chaotic velocity. This is a\nnovel approach to the problem. The resulting equations will be the starting\npoint of the calculation exhibiting the correct thermodynamic forces and the\ncorresponding fluxes; these results will be published elsewhere."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging renewal theory and application to random walks: The versatility of renewal theory is owed to its abstract formulation.\nRenewals can be interpreted as steps of a random walk, switching events in\ntwo-state models, domain crossings of a random motion, etc. We here discuss a\nrenewal process in which successive events are separated by scale-free waiting\ntime periods. Among other ubiquitous long time properties, this process\nexhibits aging: events counted initially in a time interval [0,t] statistically\nstrongly differ from those observed at later times [t_a,t_a+t]. In complex,\ndisordered media, processes with scale-free waiting times play a particularly\nprominent role. We set up a unified analytical foundation for such anomalous\ndynamics by discussing in detail the distribution of the aging renewal process.\nWe analyze its half-discrete, half-continuous nature and study its aging time\nevolution. These results are readily used to discuss a scale-free anomalous\ndiffusion process, the continuous time random walk. By this we not only shed\nlight on the profound origins of its characteristic features, such as weak\nergodicity breaking. Along the way, we also add an extended discussion on aging\neffects. In particular, we find that the aging behavior of time and ensemble\naverages is conceptually very distinct, but their time scaling is identical at\nhigh ages. Finally, we show how more complex motion models are readily\nconstructed on the basis of aging renewal dynamics.",
        "positive": "Exact asymptotic solution of an aggregation model with a bell-shaped\n  distribution: We present in a detailed manner the scaling theory of irreversible\naggregation characterized by the set of reaction rates $K(k,l)=1/k+1/l$, as\nwell as a minor generalisation thereof. In this case, it is possible to\nevaluate the scaling function exactly. By this we mean that it is expressed as\nthe unique solution of an ordinary differential equation with given boundary\nconditions. This can be solved numerically to high accuracy, making a highly\ndetailed analysis of the scaling behaviour possible. The results confirm the\nfar more general results of earlier work concerning a general scaling theory\nfor so-called reaction rates of Type III. On the other hand, the behaviour of\nlarge aggregates at fixed time, that is, not in the scaling limit, which had\nbeen up to now analysed in an approximation valid in the limit of small times,\ncan be determined more precisely in this case, and is shown to display subtle\ndifferences from the small-time approximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Derivation of effective field theories: A general self-consistency approach allows a thorough treatment of the\ncorrections to the mean-field approximation (MFA). The natural extension of\nstandard MFA with the help of a cumulant expansion leads to a new point of view\non the effective field theories. The proposed approach can be used for a\nsystematic treatment of fluctuation effects of various length scales and,\nperhaps, for the development of a new coarse graining procedure. We outline and\njustify our method by some preliminary calculations. Results are given for the\ncritical temperature and the Landau parameters of the $\\phi^4$-theory -- the\nfield counterpart of the Ising model. An important unresolved problem of the\nmodern theory of phase transitions -- the problem for the calculation of the\ntrue critical temperature, is considered within the framework of the present\napproach. A comprehensive description of the ground state properties of\nmany-body systems is also demonstrated.",
        "positive": "Stoke's efficiency and its stochastic properties: We study the Stoke's efficiency and its fluctuating properties in the case of\na spatial asymmetric ratchet potential with a temporal asymmetric driving force\nfrom adiabatic to nonadiabatic regime. Our numerical investigations show that\nthe average Stoke's efficiency and the average current decrease with the\nfrequency of driving. For low frequency of driving, i.e., in the case of an\nadiabatic regime, we reproduced the analytical results supporting our numerical\nsimulations. By evaluating the probability distribution, $p(\\eta_{s})$ for\nStoke's efficiency, $\\eta_{s}$ we focus on the stochastic properties of Stokes\nefficiency. We find that in most of the parameter space, fluctuations in\n$\\eta_{s}$ are comparable to or larger than the mean values. In such a\nsituation one has to study the full probability distribution of $\\eta_{s}$.\nWith increase in frequency of driving, the distribution becomes multipeaked. At\nthe same time the average Stoke's efficiency decreases with increase in\nfrequency of drive. For high frequency of driving, the distribution develops a\npeak across zero. Further increase in frequency this peak gets sharper. And\nfinally at sufficiently high frequency we get a strong peak across zero\nindicating that there is no effective transport in this regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Post measurement bipartite entanglement entropy in conformal field\n  theories: We derive exact formulas for bipartite von Neumann entanglement entropy after\npartial projective local measurement in $1+1$ dimensional conformal field\ntheories with periodic and open boundary conditions. After defining the set up\nwe will check numerically the validity of our results in the case of\nKlein-Gordon field theory (coupled harmonic oscillators) and spin-$1/2$ XX\nchain in a magnetic field. The agreement between analytical results and the\nnumerical calculations is very good. We also find a lower bound for localizable\nentanglement in coupled harmonic oscillators.",
        "positive": "Fractal entropies from the Second Inverse Maximum Entropy Principle: With use of the Second Inverse Maximum Entropy Principle we find entropy\nfunctions for systems with fractal distribution functions with order parameter\n$q$. We compare these entropy functions with those given by the Bose-Einstein\nand Fermi-Dirac cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A gentle introduction to the non-equilibrium physics of trajectories:\n  Theory, algorithms, and biomolecular applications: Despite the importance of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics in modern\nphysics and related fields, the topic is often omitted from undergraduate and\ncore-graduate curricula. Key aspects of non-equilibrium physics, however, can\nbe understood with a minimum of formalism based on a rigorous trajectory\npicture. The fundamental object is the ensemble of trajectories, a set of\nindependent time-evolving systems that easily can be visualized or simulated\n(for protein folding, e.g.), and which can be analyzed rigorously in analogy to\nan ensemble of static system configurations. The trajectory picture provides a\nstraightforward basis for understanding first-passage times, \"mechanisms\" in\ncomplex systems, and fundamental constraints the apparent reversibility of\ncomplex processes. Trajectories make concrete the physics underlying the\ndiffusion and Fokker-Planck partial differential equations. Last but not least,\ntrajectory ensembles underpin some of the most important algorithms which have\nprovided significant advances in biomolecular studies of protein conformational\nand binding processes.",
        "positive": "Information geometric methods for complexity: Research on the use of information geometry (IG) in modern physics has\nwitnessed significant advances recently. In this review article, we report on\nthe utilization of IG methods to define measures of complexity in both\nclassical and, whenever available, quantum physical settings. A paradigmatic\nexample of a dramatic change in complexity is given by phase transitions (PTs).\nHence we review both global and local aspects of PTs described in terms of the\nscalar curvature of the parameter manifold and the components of the metric\ntensor, respectively. We also report on the behavior of geodesic paths on the\nparameter manifold used to gain insight into the dynamics of PTs. Going\nfurther, we survey measures of complexity arising in the geometric framework.\nIn particular, we quantify complexity of networks in terms of the Riemannian\nvolume of the parameter space of a statistical manifold associated with a given\nnetwork. We are also concerned with complexity measures that account for the\ninteractions of a given number of parts of a system that cannot be described in\nterms of a smaller number of parts of the system. Finally, we investigate\ncomplexity measures of entropic motion on curved statistical manifolds that\narise from a probabilistic description of physical systems in the presence of\nlimited information. The Kullback-Leibler divergence, the distance to an\nexponential family and volumes of curved parameter manifolds, are examples of\nessential IG notions exploited in our discussion of complexity. We conclude by\ndiscussing strengths, limits, and possible future applications of IG methods to\nthe physics of complexity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spherical surface models with directors: A triangulated spherical surface model is numerically studied, and it is\nshown that the model undergoes phase transitions between the smooth phase and\nthe collapsed phase. The model is defined by using a director field, which is\nassumed to have an interaction with a normal of the surface. The interaction\nbetween the directors and the surface maintains the surface shape. The director\nfield is not defined within the two-dimensional differential geometry, and this\nis in sharp contrast to the conventional surface models, where the surface\nshape is maintained only by the curvature energies. We also show that the\ninteraction makes the Nambu-Goto model well-defined, where the bond potential\nis given by the area of triangles; the Nambu-Goto model is well-known as an\nill-defined one even when the conventional two-dimensional bending energy is\nincluded in the Hamiltonian.",
        "positive": "Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic: One of the most disastrous forms of collective human behaviour is the kind of\ncrowd stampede induced by panic, often leading to fatalities as people are\ncrushed or trampled. Sometimes this behaviour is triggered in life-threatening\nsituations such as fires in crowded buildings; at other times, stampedes can\narise from the rush for seats or seemingly without causes. Tragic examples\nwithin recent months include the panics in Harare, Zimbabwe, and at the\nRoskilde rock concert in Denmark. Although engineers are finding ways to\nalleviate the scale of such disasters, their frequency seems to be increasing\nwith the number and size of mass events. Yet, systematic studies of panic\nbehaviour, and quantitative theories capable of predicting such crowd dynamics,\nare rare. Here we show that simulations based on a model of pedestrian\nbehaviour can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of and\npreconditions for panic and jamming by incoordination. Our results suggest\npractical ways of minimising the harmful consequences of such events and the\nexistence of an optimal escape strategy, corresponding to a suitable mixture of\nindividualistic and collective behaviour."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Smart random walkers: the cost of knowing the path: In this work we study the problem of targeting signals in networks using\nentropy information measurements to quantify the cost of targeting. We\nintroduce a penalization rule that imposes a restriction to the long paths and\ntherefore focus the signal to the target. By this scheme we go continuously\nfrom fully random walkers to walkers biased to the target. We found that the\noptimal degree of penalization is mainly determined by the topology of the\nnetwork. By analyzing several examples, we have found that a small amount of\npenalization reduces considerably the typical walk length, and from this we\nconclude that a network can be efficiently navigated with restricted\ninformation.",
        "positive": "Analytical results for long time behavior in anomalous diffusion: We investigate through a Generalized Langevin formalism the phenomenon of\nanomalous diffusion for asymptotic times, and we generalized the concept of the\ndiffusion exponent. A method is proposed to obtain the diffusion coefficient\nanalytically through the introduction of a time scaling factor $\\lambda$. We\nobtain as well an exact expression for $\\lambda$ for all kinds of diffusion.\nMoreover, we show that $\\lambda$ is a universal parameter determined by the\ndiffusion exponent. The results are then compared with numerical calculations\nand very good agreement is observed. The method is general and may be applied\nto many types of stochastic problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Devil's staircase and RG flows: We discuss a two-parameter renormalization group (RG) flow when parameters\nare organized in a single complex variable, $\\tau$, with modular properties.\nThroughout the work we consider a special limit when the imaginary part of\n$\\tau$ characterizing the disorder strength tends to zero. We argue that\ngeneralized Riemann-Thomae (gRT) function and the corresponding generalized\nDevil's staircase emerge naturally in a variety of physical models providing a\nuniversal behavior. In 1D we study the Anderson-like probe hopping in a weakly\ndisordered lattice, recognize the origin of the gRT function in the spectral\ndensity of the probe and formulate specific RG procedure which gets mapped onto\nthe discrete flow in the fundamental domain of the modular group $SL(2,Z)$. In\n2D we consider the generalization of the phyllotaxis crystal model proposed by\nL. Levitov and suggest the explicit form of the effective potential for the\nprobe particle propagating in the symmetric and asymmetric 2D lattice of\ndefects. Analyzing the structure of RG flow equations in the vicinity of saddle\npoints we claim emergence of BKT-like transitions at ${\\rm Im}\\,\\tau\\to 0$. We\nshow that the RG-like dynamics in the fundamental domain of $SL(2,Z)$ for\nasymmetric lattices asymptotically approaches the \"Silver ratio\". For a Hubbard\nmodel of particles on a ring interacting via long-ranged potentials we\ninvestigate the dependence of the ground state energy on the potential and\ndemonstrate by combining numerical and analytical tools the emergence of the\ngeneralized Devil's staircase. Also we conjecture a bridge between a Hubbard\nmodel and a phyllotaxis.",
        "positive": "Stochastic theory of quantum vortex on a sphere: A stochastic theory is presented for a quantum vortex that is expected to\noccur in superfluids coated on two dimensional sphere $ {\\rm S}^2 $. The\nstarting point is the canonical equation of motion (the Kirchhoff equation) for\na point vortex, which is derived using the time-dependent Landau-Ginzburg\ntheory. The vortex equation, which is equivalent to the spin equation, turns\nout to be the Langevin equation, from which the Fokker-Planck equation is\nobtained by using the functional integral technique. The Fokker-Planck equation\nis solved for several typical cases of the vortex motion by noting the specific\nform of pinning potential. An extension to the non-spherical vortices is\nbriefly discussed for the case of the vortex on plane and pseudo-sphere."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Algebraic Bethe ansatz for integrable Kondo impurities in the\n  one-dimensional supersymmetric t-J model: An integrable Kondo problem in the one-dimensional supersymmetric t-J model\nis studied by means of the boundary supersymmetric quantum inverse scattering\nmethod. The boundary $K$ matrices depending on the local moments of the\nimpurities are presented as a nontrivial realization of the graded reflection\nequation algebras in a two-dimensional impurity Hilbert space. Further,the\nmodel is solved by using the algebraic Bethe ansatz method and the Bethe ansatz\nequations are obtained.",
        "positive": "Effective Temperature in a Colloidal Glass: We study the Brownian motion of particles trapped by optical tweezers inside\na colloidal glass (Laponite) during the sol-gel transition. We use two methods\nbased on passive rheology to extract the effective temperature from the\nfluctuations of the Brownian particles. All of them give a temperature that,\nwithin experimental errors, is equal to the heat bath temperature. Several\ninteresting features concerning the statistical properties and the long time\ncorrelations of the particles are observed during the transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Alternative Technique for \"Complex\" Spectra Analysis: . The choice of a suitable random matrix model of a complex system is very\nsensitive to the nature of its complexity. The statistical spectral analysis of\nvarious complex systems requires, therefore, a thorough probing of a wide range\nof random matrix ensembles which is not an easy task. It is highly desirable,\nif possible, to identify a common mathematcal structure among all the ensembles\nand analyze it to gain information about the ensemble- properties. Our\nsuccessful search in this direction leads to Calogero Hamiltonian, a\none-dimensional quantum hamiltonian with inverse-square interaction, as the\ncommon base. This is because both, the eigenvalues of the ensembles, and, a\ngeneral state of Calogero Hamiltonian, evolve in an analogous way for arbitrary\ninitial conditions. The varying nature of the complexity is reflected in the\ndifferent form of the evolution parameter in each case. A complete\ninvestigation of Calogero Hamiltonian can then help us in the spectral analysis\nof complex systems.",
        "positive": "Geometrical aspects of the multicritical phase diagrams for the\n  Blume-Emery-Griffiths model: As a continuation of our preceding work [R. Erdem and N. Alata, Eur. Phys. J.\nPlus 135, 911 (2020), https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00934-3], we used\nthe thermodynamic geometry in the Ruppeiner formalism to study the geometrical\naspects of the multicritical phase diagrams for the spin-1 Blume-Emery-\nGriffiths model in the presence of crystal field. We derived an expression for\nthe thermodynamic curvature or Ricci scalar (R) and analyzed its temperature\nand crystal field behaviours near interesting critical and multicritical\npoints. Our findings are presented as geometrical phase diagrams including\ncritical and multicritical topology. From these diagrams, new vanishing\ncurvature lines (R = 0) extending into the ferromagnetic or paramagnetic phases\nbeyond the critical points and zero point temperature are observed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature upper bound of an ideal gas: We study thermodynamics of a heat-conducting ideal gas system, incorporating\na model that has a temperature upper bound. We construct the model based on i)\nthe first law of thermodynamics from action formulation which shows\nheat-dependence of energy density and ii) the existence condition of a (local)\nLorentz boost between an Eckart observer and a Landau-Lifschitz observer--a\ncondition that extends the stability criterion of thermal equilibrium. The\nimplications of these conditions include: i) Heat contributes to the energy\ndensity through the combination $q/n\\Theta^2$ where $q$, $n$, and $\\Theta$\nrepresent heat, the number density, and the temperature, respectively. ii) The\nenergy density has a unique minimum at $q=0$. iii) The temperature upper bound\nsuppresses the heat dependence of the energy density inverse quadratically.\nThis result explains why the expected heat dependence of energy density is\ndifficult to observe in ordinary situation thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Infinite ergodicity for geometric Brownian motion: Geometric Brownian motion is an exemplary stochastic processes obeying\nmultiplicative noise, with widespread applications in several fields, e.g. in\nfinance, in physics and biology. The definition of the process depends\ncrucially on the interpretation of the stochastic integrals which involves the\ndiscretization parameter $\\alpha$ with $0 \\leq \\alpha \\leq 1$ , giving rise to\nthe well-known special cases $\\alpha=0$ (It\\^{o}), $\\alpha=1/2$\n(Fisk-Stratonovich) and $\\alpha=1$ (H\\\"{a}nggi-Klimontovich or anti-It\\^{o}).\nIn this paper we study the asymptotic limits of the probability distribution\nfunctions (PDFs) of geometric Brownian motion and some related generalizations.\nWe establish the conditions for the existence of normalizable asymptotic\ndistributions depending on the discretization parameter $\\alpha$. Using the\ninfinite ergodicity approach, recently applied to stochastic processes with\nmultiplicative noise by E. Barkai and collaborators, we show how meaningful\nasymptotic results can be formulated in a transparent way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical symmetries of Markov processes with multiplicative white noise: We analyse various properties of stochastic Markov processes with\nmultiplicative white noise. We take a single-variable problem as a simple\nexample, and we later extend the analysis to the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert\nequation for the stochastic dynamics of a magnetic moment. In particular, we\nfocus on the non-equilibrium transfer of angular momentum to the magnetization\nfrom a spin-polarised current of electrons, a technique which is widely used in\nthe context of spintronics to manipulate magnetic moments. We unveil two hidden\ndynamical symmetries of the generating functionals of these Markovian\nmultiplicative white-noise processes. One symmetry only holds in equilibrium\nand we use it to prove generic relations such as the fluctuation-dissipation\ntheorems. Out of equilibrium, we take profit of the symmetry-breaking terms to\nprove fluctuation theorems. The other symmetry yields strong dynamical\nrelations between correlation and response functions which can notably simplify\nthe numerical analysis of these problems. Our construction allows us to clarify\nsome misconceptions on multiplicative white-noise stochastic processes that can\nbe found in the literature. In particular, we show that a first-order\ndifferential equation with multiplicative white noise can be transformed into\nan additive-noise equation, but that the latter keeps a non-trivial memory of\nthe discretisation prescription used to define the former.",
        "positive": "Exact solution to a nearly parallel vortex filament mean-field theory: Nearly parallel vortex filaments are a generalization of point vortices and\ndescribe many phenomena under conservation of angular momentum including\nvortices forming in deep ocean convection, magnetically confined plasmas, and\nthe solar atmosphere. While point vortices represent perfectly straight,\nparallel lines of circulation, nearly parallel vortex filaments have some\ncurvature due to internal viscosity. They interact logarithmically but have a\nkinetic self-energy as well. In this letter, I present an exact solution of a\nsystem of these filaments under angular momentum conservation in a mean-field\ntheory. I show that the filaments have an infinite order phase transition not\npresent in the point vortex model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deterministic Equations of Motion and Dynamic Critical Phenomena: Taking the two-dimensional $\\phi^4$ theory as an example, we numerically\nsolve the deterministic equations of motion with random initial states.\nShort-time behavior of the solutions is systematically investigated. Assuming\nthat the solutions generate a microcanonical ensemble of the system, we\ndemonstrate that the second order phase transition point can be determined\nalready from the short-time dynamic behavior. Initial increase of the\nmagnetization and critical slowing down are observed. The dynamic critical\nexponent z, the new exponent $\\theta$ and the static exponents $\\beta$ and\n$\\nu$ are estimated. Interestingly, the deterministic dynamics with random\ninitial states is in a same dynamic universality class of Monte Carlo dynamics.",
        "positive": "The emergence of scale-free fires in Australia: Between 2019 and 2020, during the country's hottest and driest year on\nrecord, Australia experienced a dramatic bushfire season, with catastrophic\necological and environmental consequences. Several studies highlighted how such\nabrupt changes in fire regimes may have been in large part a consequence of\nclimate change and other anthropogenic transformations. Here, we analyze the\nmonthly evolution of the burned area in Australia from 2000 to 2020, obtained\nvia satellite imaging through the MODIS platform. We find that the 2019-2020\npeak is associated with signatures typically found near critical points. We\nintroduce a modeling framework based on forest-fire models to study the\nproperties of these emergent fire outbreaks, showing that the behavior observed\nduring the 2019-2020 fire season matches the one of a percolation transition,\nwhere system-size outbreaks appear. Our model also highlights the existence of\nan absorbing phase transition that might be eventually crossed, after which the\nvegetation cannot recover."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local Equation of State and Velocity Distributions of a Driven Granular\n  Gas: We present event-driven simulations of a granular gas of inelastic hard disks\nwith incomplete normal restitution in two dimensions between vibrating walls\n(without gravity). We measure hydrodynamic quantities such as the stress\ntensor, density and temperature profiles, as well as velocity distributions.\nRelating the local pressure to the local temperature and local density, we\nconstruct a local constitutive equation. For strong inelasticities the local\nconstitutive relation depends on global system parameters, like the volume\nfraction and the aspect ratio. For moderate inelasticities the constitutive\nrelation is approximately independent of the system parameters and can hence be\nregarded as a local equation of state, even though the system is highly\ninhomogeneous with heterogeneous temperature and density profiles arising as a\nconsequence of the energy injection. Concerning the local velocity\ndistributions we find that they do not scale with the square root of the local\ngranular temperature. Moreover the high-velocity tails are different for the\ndistribution of the x- and the y-component of the velocity, and even depend on\nthe position in the sample, the global volume fraction, and the coefficient of\nrestitution.",
        "positive": "A glimpse of fluid turbulence from the molecular scale: Large scale molecular dynamics simulations of freely decaying turbulence in\nthree-dimensional space are reported. Fluid components are defined from the\nmicroscopic states by eliminating thermal components from the coarse-grained\nfields. The energy spectrum of the fluid components is observed to scale\nreasonably well according to Kolmogorov scaling determined from the energy\ndissipation rate and the viscosity of the fluid, even though the Kolmogorov\nlength is of the order of the molecular scale."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the influence of gravity on the thermal conductivity: In this paper we evaluate the corrections to the Navier-Stokes constitutive\nequations induced by the action of a gravitational field in a gas subjected to\na thermal gradient parallel to the field with no convection. The analysis is\nperformed from an exact perturbation solution of the BGK kinetic model for\nMaxwell molecules through sixth order in the field. The reference state (zeroth\norder approximation) corresponds to the exact solution in the pure planar\nFourier flow, which holds for arbitrary values of the thermal gradient. The\nresults show that the pressure tensor becomes anisotropic, so that the momentum\nflux along the field direction is enhanced. In addition, the heat flux\nincreases (decreases) with respect to its Navier-Stokes value when the gas is\nheated from above (below).",
        "positive": "Static phase and dynamic scaling in a deposition model with an inactive\n  species: We extend a previously proposed deposition model with two kinds of particles,\nconsidering the restricted solid-on-solid condition. The probability of\nincidence of particle C (A) is p (1-p). Aggregation is possible if the top of\nthe column of incidence has a nearest neighbor A and if the difference in the\nheights of neighboring columns does not exceed 1. For any value of p>0, the\ndeposit attains some static configuration, in which no deposition attempt is\naccepted. In 1+1 dimensions, the interface width has a limiting value W_s ~\np^{-\\eta}, with \\eta = 3/2, which is confirmed by numerical simulations. The\ndynamic scaling relation W_s = p^{-\\eta} f(tp^z) is obtained in very large\nsubstrates, with z=\\eta."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations of Quantum Statistical Two-Dimensional Systems of Electrons: The random matrix ensembles (RME) of quantum statistical Hamiltonian\noperators, {\\em e.g.} Gaussian random matrix ensembles (GRME) and Ginibre\nrandom matrix ensembles (Ginibre RME), are applied to following quantum\nstatistical systems: nuclear systems, molecular systems, and two-dimensional\nelectron systems (Wigner-Dyson electrostatic analogy). Measures of quantum\nchaos and quantum integrability with respect to eigenergies of quantum systems\nare defined and calculated. Quantum statistical information functional is\ndefined as negentropy (either opposite of entropy or minus entropy). The\ndistribution function for the random matrix ensembles is derived from the\nmaximum entropy principle.",
        "positive": "Data clustering and noise undressing for correlation matrices: We discuss a new approach to data clustering. We find that maximum likelihood\nleads naturally to an Hamiltonian of Potts variables which depends on the\ncorrelation matrix and whose low temperature behavior describes the correlation\nstructure of the data. For random, uncorrelated data sets no correlation\nstructure emerges. On the other hand for data sets with a built-in cluster\nstructure, the method is able to detect and recover efficiently that structure.\nFinally we apply the method to financial time series, where the low temperature\nbehavior reveals a non trivial clustering."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Transport in Presence of Bound States -- Noise Power: The impact of bound states in Landauer-Buttiker scattering approach to\nnon-equilibrium quantum transport is investigated. We show that the noise power\nat frequency $\\nu$ is sensitive to all bound states with energies $\\omega_b$\nsatisfying $|\\omega_b| < \\nu$. We derive the exact expression of the bound\nstate contribution and compare it to the one produced by the scattering states\nalone. It turns out that the bound states lead to specific modifications of\nboth space and frequency dependence of the total noise power. The theoretical\nand experimental consequences of this result are discussed.",
        "positive": "A possible mechanism of concurring diagonal and off-diagonal long-range\n  order for soft interactions: This paper is a contribution to the theory of coherent crystals. We present\narguments claiming that negative minima in the Fourier transform of a soft pair\ninteraction may give rise to the coexistence of diagonal and off-diagonal\nlong-range order at high densities, and that this coexistence may be detectable\ndue to a periodicity seen on the off-diagonal part of the one-body reduced\ndensity matrix, without breaking translation invariance. As an illustration, we\nstudy the ground state of a homogenous system of bosons in continuous space,\nfrom the interaction retaining only the Fourier modes $v(\\k)$ belonging to a\nsingle nonzero wave number $|\\k|=q$. The result is a mean-field model. We prove\nthat for $v(\\k)>0$ the ground state is asymptotically fully Bose-condensed,\nwhile for $v(\\k)<0$ at densities exceeding a multiple of $\\hbar^2\nq^2/2m|v(\\k)|$ it exhibits both Bose-Einstein condensation and diagonal\nlong-range order, and the latter can be seen on both the one- and the two-body\ndensity matrix."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The transition temperature of the dilute interacting Bose gas: We show that the critical temperature of a uniform dilute Bose gas must\nincrease linearly with the s-wave scattering length describing the repulsion\nbetween the particles. Because of infrared divergences, the magnitude of the\nshift cannot be obtained from perturbation theory, even in the weak coupling\nregime; rather, it is proportional to the size of the critical region in\nmomentum space. By means of a self-consistent calculation of the quasiparticle\nspectrum at low momenta at the transition, we find an estimate of the effect in\nreasonable agreement with numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Zero-Range Processes with Multiple Condensates: Statics and Dynamics: The steady-state distributions and dynamical behaviour of Zero Range\nProcesses with hopping rates which are non-monotonic functions of the site\noccupation are studied. We consider two classes of non-monotonic hopping rates.\nThe first results in a condensed phase containing a large (but subextensive)\nnumber of mesocondensates each containing a subextensive number of particles.\nThe second results in a condensed phase containing a finite number of extensive\ncondensates. We study the scaling behaviour of the peak in the distribution\nfunction corresponding to the condensates in both cases. In studying the\ndynamics of the condensate we identify two timescales: one for creation, the\nother for evaporation of condensates at a given site. The scaling behaviour of\nthese timescales is studied within the Arrhenius law approach and by numerical\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Holographic principle tells why maximum entropy principle, lognormal\n  distribution, self-preserving and self-organization appearing in system\n  evolutions across science: By applying the holographic principle that comes from black hole physics and\ninformation entropy (Sient) introduced by Claude Shannon, we derive the\nmechanism of similar patterns or tendencies appearing in evolution processes of\ndifferent systems: maximum entropy principle, power law and lognormal\ndistributions, self preserving and self organization. Taking a system of\natmospheric particles as an example, we prove both self preserving and\nlognormal distribution patterns are caused by maximum information entropy\nprinciple (MIEP); By deducing thermodynamic entropy (Stent) is a form of Sient,\nand building up a particle system approaching a part of the holographic screen,\nthe information probability statistics of particle number size distribution are\nrealized on the holographic screen, resulting in the presence of information\nentropic force (Fient). Fient drives the system to evolve in the direction of\nMIEP. Owing to the initial state, the evolution can undergo an increasing Sient\nand enhanced discretization, or a decreasing Sient and weakened discretization.\nThe latter process corresponds to the system evolution tendency of self\norganization; by introducing Fient into the flow field, the field for fluid\nsystem evolution is unified including Fient, Sient, the Newton potential, the\ndiffusion process, and Navier Stokes equations, indicating that the atmospheric\nparticle dynamics could be driven by Fient. By numerical simulations of\nparticle collisions and coagulation based on the Smoluchowski equation, we\nprove the evolution of the particle system is indeed information distributing,\ninherited from the initial state, measured by information probability,\nevaluated by Sient, and driven by Fient. We further prove wave function for\nquantum mechanism also satisfies MIEP. The findings indicate holographic\nprinciple can guide system evolution towards certain desirable patterns and\noutcomes.",
        "positive": "Switching the Anomalous DC Response of an AC-driven Quantum Many-body\n  system: For a class of integrable quantum many-body systems, symmetric AC driving can\ngenerically produce a steady DC response. We show how such dynamical freezing\ncan be switched off, not by forcing the system to follow the (arbitrarily fast)\ndriving field, but rather through a much slower but complete oscillation of\neach individual mode of the system at a frequency of its own, with the slowest\nmode exhibiting a divergent period. This switching can be controlled in detail,\nits sharpness depending on a particular parameter of the Hamiltonian. The\nphenomenon has a robust manifestation even in the few-body limit, perhaps the\nmost promising setting for realisation within existing frameworks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Does Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking Occur in Periodically Driven\n  Low-Dimensional Non-Equilibrium Classical Systems?: Equilibrium systems do not show spontaneous continuous symmetry breaking in\none and two dimensions, as the thermal fluctuation washes away the long-range\norders. A trivial way to suppress fluctuations and realize the long-range\norders in low-dimensional systems is just to consider the ground state at zero\ntemperature. A less trivial example would be an out-of-equilibrium system\ndriven by periodic driving forces instead of thermal agitation. If the\namplitude of the driving force is sufficiently small, the periodic force of\nfrequency $\\omega_0$ only excites the eigenmode of the eigenfrequency\n$\\omega_0$. Therefore, the fluctuations are largely suppressed even near the\ncritical point, if it exists. Does this mechanism allow spontaneous symmetry\nbreaking in low dimensions? We here address this question by using the\nmean-spherical model driven by spatially uncorrelated but temporally periodic\ndriving forces. We show that the model undergoes the ferromagnetic phase\ntransition for any $d>0$. Furthermore, the model for the conserved order\nparameter (model B) exhibits hyperuniformity, which has been previously\nreported for chiral active matter.",
        "positive": "Heat, temperature and Clausius inequality in a model for active brownian\n  particles: Methods of stochastic thermodynamics and hydrodynamics are applied to the a\nrecently introduced model of active particles. The model consists of an\noverdamped particle subject to Gaussian coloured noise. Inspired by stochastic\nthermodynamics, we derive from the system's Fokker-Planck equation the average\nexchanges of heat and work with the active bath and the associated entropy\nproduction. We show that a Clausius inequality holds, with the local\n(non-uniform) temperature of the active bath replacing the uniform temperature\nusually encountered in equilibrium systems. Furthermore, by restricting the\ndynamical space to the first velocity moments of the local distribution\nfunction we derive a hydrodynamic description where local pressure, kinetic\ntemperature and internal heat fluxes appear and are consistent with the\nprevious thermodynamic analysis. The procedure also shows under which\nconditions one obtains the unified coloured noise approximation (UCNA): such an\napproximation neglects the fast relaxation to the active bath and therefore\nyields detailed balance and zero entropy production. In the last part, by using\nmultiple time-scale analysis, we provide a constructive method (alternative to\nUCNA) to determine the solution of the Kramers equation and go beyond the\ndetailed balance condition determining negative entropy production."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collisional statistics of the hard-sphere gas: We investigate the probability distribution function of the free flight time\nand of the number of collisions in a hard sphere gas at equilibrium. At\nvariance with naive expectation, the latter quantity does not follow Poissonian\nstatistics, even in the dilute limit which is the focus of the present\nanalysis. The corresponding deviations are addressed both numerically and\nanalytically. In writing an equation for the generating function of the\ncumulants of the number of collisions, we came across a perfect mapping between\nour problem and a previously introduced model: the probabilistic ballistic\nannihilation process [Coppex et al., Phys. Rev. E 69 11303 (2004)]. We exploit\nthis analogy to construct a Monte-Carlo like algorithm able to investigate the\nasymptotically large time behavior of the collisional statistics within a\nreasonable computational time. In addition, our predictions are confronted\nagainst the results of Molecular Dynamics simulations and Direct Simulation\nMonte Carlo technique. An excellent agreement is reported.",
        "positive": "Finite-range viscoelastic subdiffusion in disordered systems with\n  inclusion of inertial effects: This work justifies the paradigmatic importance of viscoelastic subdiffusion\nin random environments for cellular biological systems. This model displays\nseveral remarkable features, which makes it an attractive paradigm to explain\nthe physical nature of biological subdiffusion. In particular, it combines\nviscoelasticity with distinct non-ergodic features. We extend this model to\nmake it suitable for the subdiffusion of lipids in disordered biological\nmembranes upon including the inertial effects. For lipids, the inertial effects\noccur in the range of picoseconds, and a power-law decaying viscoelastic memory\nextends over the range of several nanoseconds. Thus, in the absence of\ndisorder, diffusion would become normal on a time scale beyond this memory\nrange. However, both experimentally and in some molecular-dynamical\nsimulations, the time range of lipid subdiffusion extends far beyond the\nviscoelastic memory range. We study three 1d models of correlated quenched\nGaussian disorder to explain the puzzle: singular short-range (exponentially\ncorrelated), smooth short-range (Gaussian-correlated), and smooth long-range\n(power-law correlated) disorder. For a moderate disorder strength, transient\nviscoelastic subdiffusion changes into the subdiffusion caused by the\nrandomness of the environment. It is characterized by a time-dependent\npower-law exponent of subdiffusion, which can show nonmonotonous behavior, in\nagreement with some recent molecular-dynamical simulations. Moreover, the\nspatial distribution of test particles in this disorder-dominated regime is\nshown to be a non-Gaussian, exponential power distribution, which also\ncorrelates well with molecular-dynamical findings and experiments. Furthermore,\nthis subdiffusion is nonergodic with single-trajectory averages showing a broad\nscatter, in agreement with experimental observations for subdiffusion of\nvarious particles in living cells."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The asymmetric exclusion process: Comparison of update procedures: The asymmetric exclusion process (ASEP) has attracted a lot of interest not\nonly because its many applications, e.g. in the context of the kinetics of\nbiopolymerization and traffic flow theory, but also because it is a\nparadigmatic model for nonequilibrium systems. Here we study the ASEP for\ndifferent types of updates, namely random-sequential, sequential,\nsublattice-parallel and parallel. In order to compare the effects of the\ndifferent update procedures on the properties of the stationary state, we use\nlarge-scale Monte Carlo simulations and analytical methods, especially the\nso-called matrix-product Ansatz (MPA). We present in detail the exact solution\nfor the model with sublattice-parallel and sequential updates using the MPA.\nFor the case of parallel update, which is important for applications like\ntraffic flow theory, we determine the phase diagram, the current, and density\nprofiles based on Monte Carlo simulations. We furthermore suggest a MPA for\nthat case and derive the corresponding matrix algebra.",
        "positive": "Two-dimensional crystals far from equilibrium: When driven by nonequilibrium fluctuations, particle systems may display\nphase transitions and physical behaviour with no equilibrium counterpart. We\nstudy a two-dimensional particle model initially proposed to describe driven\nnon-Brownian suspensions undergoing nonequilibrium absorbing phase transitions.\nWe show that when the transition occurs at large density, the dynamics produces\nlong-range crystalline order. In the ordered phase, long-range translational\norder is observed because equipartition of energy is lacking, phonons are\nsuppressed, and density fluctuations are hyperuniform. Our study offers an\nexplicit microscopic model where nonequilibrium violations of the Mermin-Wagner\ntheorem stabilize crystalline order in two dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size scaling for the Ising model on the Moebius strip and the\n  Klein bottle: We study the finite-size scaling properties of the Ising model on the Moebius\nstrip and the Klein bottle. The results are compared with those of the Ising\nmodel under different boundary conditions, that is, the free, cylindrical, and\ntoroidal boundary conditions. The difference in the magnetization distribution\nfunction $p(m)$ for various boundary conditions is discussed in terms of the\nnumber of the percolating clusters and the cluster size. We also find\ninteresting aspect-ratio dependence of the value of the Binder parameter at\n$T=T_c$ for various boundary conditions. We discuss the relation to the\nfinite-size correction calculations for the dimer statistics.",
        "positive": "Effective thermodynamics for a marginal observer: Thermodynamics is usually formulated on the presumption that the observer has\ncomplete information about the system he/she deals with: no parasitic current,\nexact evaluation of the forces that drive the system. For example, the\nacclaimed Fluctuation Relation (FR), relating the probability of time-forward\nand time-reversed trajectories, assumes that the measurable transitions suffice\nto characterize the process as Markovian (in our case, a continuous-time jump\nprocess). However, most often the observer only measures a marginal current. We\nshow that he/she will nonetheless produce an effective description that does\nnot dispense with the fundamentals of thermodynamics, including the FR and the\n2nd law. Our results stand on the mathematical construction of a hidden time\nreversal of the dynamics, and on the physical requirement that the observed\ncurrent only accounts for a single transition in the configuration space of the\nsystem. We employ a simple abstract example to illustrate our results and to\ndiscuss the feasibility of generalizations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Loop expansion around the Bethe-Peierls approximation for lattice models: We develop an effective field theory for lattice models, in which the only\nnon-vanishing diagrams exactly reproduce the topology of the lattice. The\nBethe-Peierls approximation appears naturally as the saddle point\napproximation. The corrections to the saddle-point result can be obtained\nsystematically. We calculate the lowest loop corrections for magnetisation and\ncorrelation function.",
        "positive": "Power-law Distribution of Family Names in Japanese Societies: We study the frequency distribution of family names. From a common data base,\nwe count the number of people who share the same family name. This is the size\nof the family. We find that (i) the total number of different family names in a\nsociety scales as a power-law of the population, (ii) the total number of\nfamily names of the same size decreases as the size increases with a power-law\nand (iii) the relation between size and rank of a family name also shows a\npower-law. These scaling properties are found to be consistent for five\ndifferent regional communities in Japan."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Renormalization Scheme and Skewness of Height Fluctuations in\n  $(1+1)$-dimensional VLDS Dynamics: We study the $(1+1)$-dimensional Villain, Lai, and Das Sarma (VLDS) equation\ndriven by a Gaussian white noise and implement a renormalization scheme without\nrescaling at one-loop order. Using a diagrammatic method, we calculate the\nrenormalized second and third moments in the large-scale and long-time limits.\nThe ensuing skewness value is $S=-0.0441$. This (negative) value is consistent\nwith the numerical prediction of Das Sarma \\emph{et al.} [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 53}\n359 (1996)].",
        "positive": "Transport and energetic properties of a ring of interacting spins\n  coupled to heat baths: We study the heat and spin transport properties in a ring of interacting\nspins coupled to heat baths at different temperatures. We show that\ninteractions, by inducing avoided crossings, can be a mean to tune both the\ntotal heat current flowing between the ring and the baths, and the way it flows\nthrough the system. In particular, we recognize three regimes in which the heat\ncurrent flows clockwise, counter-clockwise, and in parallel. The temperature\nbias between the baths also induces a spin current within the ring, whose\ndirection and magnitude can be tuned by the interaction. Lastly, we show how\nthe ergotropy of the nonequilibrium steady state can increase significantly\nnear the avoided crossings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Defect-induced phase transition in the asymmetric simple exclusion\n  process: We reconsider the long-standing question of the critical defect hopping rate\n$r_c$ in the one-dimensional totally asymmetric exclusion process (TASEP) with\na slow bond (defect). For $r< r_c$ a phase separated state is observed due to\nqueuing at the defect site whereas for $r\\geq r_c$ the defect site has only\nlocal effects on the stationary state of the homogeneous system. Mean-field\ntheory predicts $r_c=1$ (when hopping rates outside the defect bond are equal\nto 1) but numerical investigations seem to indicate $r_c \\approx 0.80(2)$. Here\nwe improve the numerics to show that $r_c > 0.99$ and give strong evidence that\nindeed $r_c=1$ as predicted by mean-field theory, and anticipated by recent\ntheoretical findings.",
        "positive": "Finite element discretization of non-linear diffusion equations with\n  thermal fluctuations: We present a finite element discretization of a non-linear diffusion equation\nused in the field of critical phenomena and, more recently, in the context of\nDynamic Density Functional Theory. The discretized equation preserves the\nstructure of the continuum equation. Specifically, it conserves the total\nnumber of particles and fulfills an H-theorem as the original partial\ndifferential equation. Guided by the Theory of Coarse-Graining, we discuss the\ninclusion of thermal fluctuations in the non-linear diffusion equation. This\nsheds light on the meaning of such a fluctuating hydrodynamics equation and to\nthe limitations of the approximations involved. The methodology proposed for\nthe introduction of thermal fluctuations in finite element methods is general\nand valid for both regular and irregular grids in arbitrary dimensions. We\nfocus here on simulations of the Ginzburg-Landau free energy functional using\nboth regular and irregular 1D grids. Convergence of the numerical results is\nobtained for the static and dynamic structure factors as the resolution of the\ngrid is increased."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Manifestations of Projection-Induced Memory: General Theory and the\n  Tilted Single File: Over the years the field of non-Markovian stochastic processes and anomalous\ndiffusion evolved from a specialized topic to mainstream theory, which\ntransgressed the realms of physics to chemistry, biology and ecology. Numerous\nphenomenological approaches emerged, which can more or less successfully\nreproduce or account for experimental observations in condensed matter,\nbiological and/or single-particle systems. However, as far as their predictions\nare concerned these approaches are not unique, often build on conceptually\northogonal ideas, and are typically employed on an ad hoc basis. It therefore\nseems timely and desirable to establish a systematic, mathematically unifying\nand clean approach starting from more fine-grained principles. Here we analyze\nprojection-induced ergodic non-Markovian dynamics, both reversible as well as\nirreversible, using spectral theory. We investigate dynamical correlations\nbetween histories of projected and latent observables that give rise to memory\nin projected dynamics, and rigorously establish conditions under which\nprojected dynamics is Markovian or renewal. A systematic metric is proposed for\nquantifying the degree of non-Markovianity. As a simple, illustrative but\nnon-trivial example we study single file diffusion in a tilted box, which, for\nthe first time, we solve exactly using the coordinate Bethe ansatz. Our results\nprovide a solid foundation for a deeper and more systematic analysis of\nprojection-induced non-Markovian dynamics and anomalous diffusion.",
        "positive": "Conservation laws in coupled cluster dynamics at finite-temperature: We extend the finite-temperature Keldysh non-equilibrium coupled cluster\ntheory (Keldysh-CC) [{\\it J. Chem. Theory Comput.} \\textbf{2019}, 15,\n6137-6253] to include a time-dependent orbital basis. When chosen to minimize\nthe action, such a basis restores local and global conservation laws\n(Ehrenfest's theorem) for all one-particle properties, while remaining energy\nconserving for time-independent Hamiltonians. We present the time-dependent\norbital-optimized coupled cluster doubles method (Keldysh-OCCD) in analogy with\nthe formalism for zero-temperature dynamics, extended to finite temperatures\nthrough the time-dependent action on the Keldysh contour. To demonstrate the\nconservation property and understand the numerical performance of the method,\nwe apply it to several problems of non-equilibrium finite-temperature dynamics:\na 1D Hubbard model with a time-dependent Peierls phase, laser driving of\nmolecular H$_2$, driven dynamics in warm-dense silicon, and transport in the\nsingle impurity Anderson model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-distance entanglement in Motzkin and Fredkin spin chains: We derive some entanglement properties of the ground states of two classes of\nquantum spin chains described by the Fredkin model, for half-integer spins, and\nthe Motzkin model, for integer ones. Since the ground states of the two models\nare known analytically, we can calculate the entanglement entropy, the\nnegativity and the quantum mutual information exactly. We show, in particular,\nthat these systems exhibit long-distance entanglement, namely two disjoint\nregions of the chains remain entangled even when the separation is sent to\ninfinity, i.e. these systems are not affected by decoherence. This strongly\nentangled behavior, occurring both for colorful versions of the models (with\nspin larger than 1/2 or 1, respectively) and for colorless cases (spin 1/2 and\n1), is consistent with the violation of the cluster decomposition property.\nMoreover we show that this behavior involves disjoint segments located both at\nthe edges and in the bulk of the chains.",
        "positive": "Nonanomalous heat transport in a one-dimensional composite chain: Translation-invariant low-dimensional systems are known to exhibit anomalous\nheat transport. However, there are systems, such as the coupled-rotor chain,\nwhere translation invariance is satisfied, yet transport remains diffusive. It\nhas been argued that the restoration of normal diffusion occurs due to the\nimpossibility of defining a global stretch variable with a meaningful dynamics.\nIn this Letter, an alternative mechanism is proposed, namely, that the\ntransition to anomalous heat transport can occur at a scale that, under certain\ncircumstances, may diverge to infinity. To illustrate the mechanism, I consider\nthe case of a composite chain that conserves local energy and momentum as well\nas global stretch, and at the same time obeys, in the continuum limit,\nFourier's law of heat transport. It is shown analytically that for vanishing\nelasticity the stationary temperature profile of the chain is linear; for\nfinite elasticity, the same property holds in the continuum limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One-dimensional nonrelativistic and relativistic Brownian motions: A\n  microscopic collision model: We study a simple microscopic model for the one-dimensional stochastic motion\nof a (non)relativistic Brownian particle, embedded into a heat bath consisting\nof (non)relativistic particles. The stationary momentum distributions are\nidentified self-consistently (for both Brownian and heat bath particles) by\nmeans of two coupled integral criteria. The latter follow directly from the\nkinematic conservation laws for the microscopic collision processes, provided\none additionally assumes probabilistic independence of the initial momenta. It\nis shown that, in the nonrelativistic case, the integral criteria do correctly\nidentify the Maxwellian momentum distributions as stationary (invariant)\nsolutions. Subsequently, we apply the same criteria to the relativistic case.\nSurprisingly, we find here that the stationary momentum distributions differ\nslightly from the standard J\\\"uttner distribution by an additional prefactor\nproportional to the inverse relativistic kinetic energy.",
        "positive": "Violation of the zeroth law of thermodynamics for a non-ergodic\n  interaction: The phenomenon described by our title should surprise no one. What may be\nsurprising though is how easy it is to produce a quantum system with this\nfeature; moreover, that system is one that is often used for the purpose of\nshowing how systems equilibrate. The violation can be variously manifested. In\nour detailed example, bringing a detuned 2-level system into contact with a\nmonochromatic reservoir does not cause it to relax to the reservoir\ntemperature; rather, the system acquires the reservoir's\nlevel-occupation-ratio."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of site dilution on Compensation in Ising Spin-1/2 trilayered\n  triangular Ferrimagnets with non-equivalent planes: Using Monte Carlo simulations with the Metropolis algorithm, the magnetic and\nthermodynamic behaviours of a spin-1/2, trilayered ferrimagnetic system on\ntriangular monolayers with quenched nonmagnetic impurities are studied. Two\ndifferent theoretical atoms, A and B, make up the ABA and AAB types of distinct\nconfigurations. Like atoms (A-A and B-B) interact ferromagnetically, while\nunlike atoms (A-B) interact antiferromagnetically. Only the A-layers are\nrandomly site-diluted with dilution percentages ranging from 5% to 45%. Such\ndiluted magnetic thin systems exhibit magnetic compensation which depends\nsensitively on the concentration of impurities. The phase diagram in the\nHamiltonian parameter space related to the occurrence of magnetic compensation\nphenomenon and the effect of site dilution is discussed in detail. Special\nattention is given to the mathematical dependencies of compensation temperature\non the concentration of nonmagnetic impurities. Depending upon the\nconcentration of nonmagnetic impurities, the compensation and critical points\nshift with the equilibrium magnetic behaviours changing between distinct\nferrimagnetic behaviours. For each combination of the coupling strengths, with\nvalues of the impurity concentration above a threshold, compensation appears\nwhere previously was absent. Suggested mathematical formulae show how threshold\nimpurity concentration relies on Hamiltonian parameters.",
        "positive": "The nature of geometric frustration in the Kob-Andersen mixture: Geometric frustration is an approach to the glass transition based upon the\nconsideration of locally favoured structures (LFS), which are geometric motifs\nwhich minimise the local free energy. Geometric frustration proposes that a\ntransition to a crystalline state is frustrated because these LFS do not tile\nspace. However, this concept is based on icosahedra which are not always the\nLFS for a given system. The LFS of the popular Kob-Andersen (KA) model\nglassformer is the bicapped square antiprism, which does tile space. Such an\nLFS-crystal is indeed realised in the $\\mathrm{Al_{2}Cu}$ structure, which is\npredicted to be a low energy state for the KA model with a 2:1 composition. We\ntherefore hypothesise that upon changing the composition in the KA model\ntowards 2:1, geometric frustration may be progressively relieved, leading to\nlarger and larger domains of LFS which would ultimately correspond to the\n$\\mathrm{Al_{2}Cu}$ crystal. Remarkably, rather than an increase, upon changing\ncomposition we find a small decrease in the LFS population, and the system\nremains impervious to nucleation of LFS crystals. We suggest that this may be\nrelated to the composition of the LFS, as only a limited subset are compatible\nwith the crystal. We further demonstrate that the $\\mathrm{Al_{2}Cu}$ crystal\nwill grow from a seed in the KA model with 2:1 composition and identify the\nmelting temperature to be 0.447(2)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Equilibrium Statistical Operator: Nonequilibrium statistical physics is concerned with a fundamental problem in\nphysics, the phenomenon of irreversibility, which is not rigorously solved yet.\nDifferent approaches to the statistical mechanics of nonequilibrium processes\nare based on empirical assumptions but a rigorous, first principle theory is\nmissing. An important contribution to describe irreversible behavior starting\nfrom reversible Hamiltonian dynamics was given by Zubarev who invented the\nmethod of the nonequilibrium statistical operator (NSO). We discuss this\napproach, in particular the extended von Neumann equation and the entropy\nconcept. The method of NSO proved to be a general and universal approach to\ndifferent nonequilibrium phenomena. Typical applications are the quantum master\nequation, kinetic theory, and linear response theory which are outlined and\nillustrated solving standard examples for reaction and transport processes.\nSome open questions are emphasized.",
        "positive": "Conundrum of weak noise limit for diffusion in a tilted periodic\n  potential: The weak noise limit of dissipative dynamical systems is often the most\nfascinating one. In such a case fluctuations can interact with a rich\ncomplexity frequently hidden in deterministic systems to give rise of\ncompletely new phenomena that are absent for both noiseless and strong\nfluctuations regimes. Unfortunately, this limit is also notoriously hard to\napproach analytically or numerically. We reinvestigate in this context the\nparadigmatic model of nonequlibrium statistical physics consisting of inertial\nBrownian particle diffusing in a tilted periodic potential by exploiting the\nstate of the art computer simulations of unprecedented time scale. In contrast\nto the previous results on this long standing problem we draw an inference that\nin the parameter regime for which the particle velocity is bistable the\nlifetime of ballistic diffusion diverges to infinity when thermal noise\nintensity tends to zero, i.e. an everlasting ballistic diffusion emerges. As a\nconsequence the diffusion coefficient does not reach its stationary constant\nvalue."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical large deviations of diffusions: We solve two problems related to the fluctuations of time-integrated\nfunctionals of Markov diffusions, used in physics to model nonequilibrium\nsystems. In the first we derive and illustrate the appropriate boundary\nconditions on the spectral problem used to obtain the large deviations of\ncurrent-type observables for reflected diffusions. For the second problem we\nstudy linear diffusions and obtain exact results for the generating function\nassociated with linear additive, quadratic additive and linear current-type\nobservables by using the Feynman-Kac formula. We investigate the long-time\nbehavior of the generating function for each of these observables to determine\nboth the so-called rate function and the form of the effective process\nresponsible for manifesting the fluctuations of the associated observable. It\nis found that for each of these observables, the effective process is again a\nlinear diffusion. We apply our general results for a variety of linear\ndiffusions in $\\mathbb{R}^2$, with particular emphasis on investigating the\nmanner in which the density and current of the original process are modified in\norder to create fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Critical Line of the O($N$) Loop Model on the Square Lattice: An efficient algorithm is presented to simulate the O(N) loop model on the\nsquare lattice for arbitrary values of $N>0$. The scheme combines the worm\nalgorithm with a new data structure to resolve both the problem of loop\ncrossings and the necessity of counting the number of loops at each Monte Carlo\nupdate. With the use of this scheme, the line of critical points (and other\nproperties) of the O($N$) model on the square lattice for $0<N\\le 2$ have been\ndetermined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An Ideal Mean-Field Transition in a Modulated Cold Atom System: We show that an atomic system in a periodically modulated optical trap\ndisplays an ideal mean-field symmetry-breaking transition. The symmetry is\nbroken with respect to time translation by the modulation period. The\ntransition is due to the interplay of the long-range interatomic interaction\nand nonequilibrium fluctuations. The observed critical dynamics, including\nanomalous fluctuations in the symmetry broken phase, are fully described by the\nproposed microscopic theory.",
        "positive": "Unlocking the potential of information flow: Maximizing free-energy\n  transduction in a model of an autonomous rotary molecular motor: Molecular motors fulfill critical functions within all living beings.\nUnderstanding their underlying working principles is therefore of great\ninterest. Here we develop a simple model inspired by the two-component\nbiomolecular motor Fo-F1 ATP synthase. We analyze its energetics and\ncharacterize information flows between the machine's components. At maximum\noutput power we find that information transduction plays a minor role for\nfree-energy transduction. However, when the two components are coupled to\ndifferent environments (e.g., when in contact with heat baths at different\ntemperatures), we show that information flow becomes a resource worth\nexploiting to maximize free-energy transduction. Our findings suggest that\nreal-world powerful and efficient information engines could be found in\nmachines whose components are subjected to fluctuations of different strength,\nsince in this situation the benefit gained from using information for work\nextraction can outweigh the costs of information generation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Informative priors and the analogy between quantum and classical heat\n  engines: When incomplete information about the control parameters is quantified as a\nprior distribution, a subtle connection emerges between quantum heat engines\nand their classical analogs. We study the quantum model where the uncertain\nparameters are the intrinsic energy scales and compare with the classical\nmodels where the intermediate temperature is the uncertain parameter. The prior\ndistribution quantifying the incomplete information has the form $\\pi(x)\\propto\n1/x$ in both the quantum and the classical models. The expected efficiency\ncalculated in near-equilibrium limit approaches the value of one third of\nCarnot efficiency.",
        "positive": "Zero temperature Glauber dynamics on complex networks: We study the Glauber dynamics at zero temperature of spins placed on the\nvertices of an uncorrelated network with a power-law degreedistribution.\nApplication of mean-field theory yields as main prediction that for symmetric\ndisordered initial conditions the mean time to reach full order is finite or\ndiverges as a logarithm of the system size N, depending on the exponent of the\ndegree distribution. Extensive numerical simulations contradict these results\nand clearly show that the mean-field assumption is not appropriate to describe\nthis problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A dissipative force between colliding viscoelastic bodies: Rigorous\n  approach: A collision of viscoelastic bodies is analysed within a mathematically\nrigorous approach. We develop a perturbation scheme to solve continuum\nmechanics equation, which deals simultaneously with strain and strain rate in\nthe bulk of the bodies' material. We derive dissipative force that acts between\nparticles and express it in terms of particles' deformation, deformation rate\nand material parameters. It differs noticeably from the currently used\ndissipative force, found within the quasi-static approximation and does not\nsuffer from inconsistencies of this approximation. The proposed approach may be\nused for other continuum mechanics problems where the bulk dissipation is\naddressed.",
        "positive": "A Review of the System-Intrinsic Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics in\n  Extended Space (MNEQT) with Applications: The review deals with a novel approach (MNEQT) to nonequilibrium\nthermodynamics (NEQT) that is based on the concept of internal equilibrium\n(IEQ) in an enlarged state space involving internal variables as additional\nstate variables. The IEQ-macrostates are unique in the enlarged state space and\nhave no memory just as EQ macrostates are in the EQ state space. The approach\nprovides a clear strategy to identify the internal variables for any model\nthrough several examples. The MNEQT deals directly with system-intrinsic\nquantities, which are very useful as they fully describe irreversibility.\nBecause of this, MNEQT solves a long-standing problem in NEQT of identifying a\nunique global temperature T of a system, thus fulfilling Planck's dream of a\nglobal temperature for any system, even if it is not uniform such as when it is\ndriven between two heat baths; T has the conventional interpretation of\nsatisfying the Clausius statement that the exchange macroheat flows from hot to\ncold, and other sensible criteria expected of a temperature. The concept of the\ngeneralized macroheat dQ converts the Clausius inequality into the Clausius\nequality dS=dQ/T, which also covers macrostates with memory, and follows from\nthe extensivity property. The equality also holds for a NEQ isolated system.\nThe novel approach is extremely useful as it also works when no internal state\nvariables are used to study nonunique macrostates in the EQ state space at the\nexpense of explicit time dependence in the entropy that gives rise to memory\neffects. To show the usefulness of the novel approach, we give several examples\nsuch as irreversible Carnot cycle, friction and Brownian motion, the free\nexpansion, etc."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Excited Eigenstates and Strength Functions for Isolated Systems of\n  Interacting Particles: Eigenstates in finite systems such as nuclei, atoms, atomic clusters and\nquantum dots with few excited particles are chaotic superpositions of shell\nmodel basis states. We study criterion for the equilibrium distribution of\nbasis components (ergodicity, or Quantum Chaos), effects of level density\nvariation and transition from the Breit-Wigner to the Gaussian shape of\neigenstates and strength functions. In the model of $n$ interacting particles\ndistributed over $m$ orbitals, the shape is given by the Breit-Wigner function\nwith the width in the form of gaussian dependence on energy.",
        "positive": "Surprising variants of Cauchy's formula for mean chord length: We examine isotropic and anisotropic random walks which begin on the surface\nof linear ($N$), square ($N \\times N$), or cubic ($N \\times N \\times N$)\nlattices and end upon encountering the surface again. The mean length of walks\nis equal to $N$ and the distribution of lengths $n$ generally scales as\n$n^{-1.5}$ for large $n$. Our results are interesting in the context of an old\nformula due to Cauchy that the mean length of a chord though a convex body of\nvolume $V$ and surface $S$ is proportional to $V/S$. It has been realized in\nrecent years that Cauchy's formula holds surprisingly even if chords are\nreplaced by irregular insect paths or trajectories of colliding gas molecules.\nThe random walk on a lattice offers a simple and transparent understanding of\nthis result in comparison to other formulations based on Boltzmann's transport\nequation in continuum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Circular Cumulant Reductions for Macroscopic Dynamics of Kuramoto\n  Ensemble with Multiplicative Intrinsic Noise: We demonstrate the application of the circular cumulant approach for\nthermodynamically large populations of phase elements, where the Ott-Antonsen\nproperties are violated by a multiplicative intrinsic noise. The infinite\ncumulant equation chain is derived for the case of a sinusoidal sensitivity of\nthe phase to noise. For inhomogeneous populations, a Lorentzian distribution of\nnatural frequencies is adopted. Two-cumulant model reductions, which serve as a\ngeneralization of the Ott-Antonsen ansatz, are reported. The accuracy of these\nmodel reductions and the macroscopic collective dynamics of the system are\nexplored for the case of a Kuramototype global coupling. The Ott-Antonsen\nansatz and the Gaussian approximation are found to be not uniformly accurate\nfor non-high frequencies.",
        "positive": "Properties of the reaction front in a reaction-subdiffusion process: We study the reaction front for the process $A+B\\to C$ in which the reagents\nmove subdiffusively. We propose a fractional reaction-subdiffusion equation in\nwhich both the motion and the reaction terms are affected by the subdiffusive\ncharacter of the process. Scaling solutions to these equations are presented\nand compared with those of a direct numerical integration of the equations. We\nfind that for reactants whose mean square displacement varies sublinearly with\ntime as $<r^2> \\sim t^\\gamma$, the scaling behaviors of the reaction front can\nbe recovered from those of the corresponding diffusive problem with the\nsubstitution $t\\to t^\\gamma$"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Square root relaxation: two possible mechanisms: Magnetic relaxation in large spin molecular paramagnets is often found to\nbehave as the square root of time at short times t. This behaviour was\nexplained by Prokofiev & Stamp as arising from dipole interactions between\nmolecular spins. However, as observed by Miyashita & Saito, the same behaviour\ncan arise from a different mechanism which, in the present work, is related to\nhyperfine interactions. The Miyashita-Saito scheme is found to be possible at\nshort times if the nuclear longitudinal spin relaxation is very slow. In the\ncase of moderately slow nuclear spin relaxation, the electronic magnetization\nvariation is initially proportional to t, then to the square root of t and\nfinally to decay exponentially. This behaviour may be mostly expected in dilute\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Microcanonical quasi-stationarity of long-range interacting systems in\n  contact with a heat bath: On the basis of analytical results and molecular dynamics simulations we\nclarify the nonequilibrium dynamics of a long-range interacting system in\ncontact with a heat bath. For small couplings with the bath, we show that the\nsystem can first be trapped in a Vlasov quasi-stationary state, then a\nmicrocanonical one follows, and finally canonical equilibrium is reached at the\nbath temperature. We compare a Langevin mesoscopic thermostat with Hamiltonian\nreservoirs microscopically coupled with the system and demonstrate the\nequivalence of the two descriptions. Our identification of the parameters\ndetermining the quasi-stationary lifetimes could be exploited to control\nexperimental systems such as the Free Electron Laser, in the presence of\nexternal noise or inherent imperfections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Binary data corruption due to a Brownian agent: We introduce a model of binary data corruption induced by a Brownian agent\n(active random walker) on a d-dimensional lattice. A continuum formulation\nallows the exact calculation of several quantities related to the density of\ncorrupted bits \\rho; for example the mean of \\rho, and the density-density\ncorrelation function. Excellent agreement is found with the results from\nnumerical simulations. We also calculate the probability distribution of \\rho\nin d=1, which is found to be log-normal, indicating that the system is governed\nby extreme fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Planar pyrochlore, quantum ice and sliding ice: We study quantum antiferromagnetism on the highly frustrated checkerboard\nlattice, also known as the square lattice with crossings. The quantum\nHeisenberg antiferromagnet on this lattice is of interest as a two-dimensional\nanalog of the pyrochlore lattice magnet. By combining several approaches we\nconclude that this system is most likely ordered for all values of spin, $S$,\nwith a Neel state for large $S$ giving way to a two-fold degenerate\nvalence-bond solid for smaller $S$. We show next that the Ising antiferromagnet\nwith a weak four-spin exchange, equivalent to square ice with the leading\nquantum dynamics, exhibits long range ``anti-ferroelectric'' order. As a\nbyproduct of this analysis we obtain, in the system of weakly coupled ice\nplanes, a sliding phase with XY symmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical gaps of first-order phase transition in infinitely long Ising\n  cylinders with antiperiodically joined circumference: Based on the analytic expression of free energy for infinitely long Ising\nstrip with finite width joined antiperiodically on a variety of planar\nlattices, we show the existence of first-order phase transition at the critical\npoint of Ising transition. The critical gaps of the transition are also\ncalculated analytically by measuring the discontinuities in the internal energy\nand the specific heat.",
        "positive": "Electromagnetic field energy in an absorptive medium with temporal and\n  spatial dispersion: General relations for electromagnetic field energy outside the transparency\ndomain are proposed. It is shown that charged particle contribution to the\nenergy of electromagnetic perturbations in the general case can be described in\nterms of a bilinear combination of the dielectric polarizability of the medium.\nThe explicit form of such contribution is found. The relations obtained are\nused to generalize the Planck law to the case of an absorptive medium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A rare event algorithm links transitions in turbulent flows with\n  activated nucleations: Many turbulent flows undergo drastic and abrupt configuration changes with\nhuge impacts. As a paradigmatic example we study the multistability of jet\ndynamics in a barotropic beta plane model of atmosphere dynamics. It is\nconsidered as the Ising model for Jupiter troposphere dynamics. Using the\nadaptive multilevel splitting, a rare event algorithm, we are able to get a\nvery large statistics of transition paths, the extremely rare transitions from\none state of the system to another. This new approach opens the way for\naddressing a set of questions that are out of reach through direct numerical\nsimulations. We demonstrate for the first time the concentration of transition\npaths close to instantons, in a numerical simulation of genuine turbulent\nflows. We show that the transition is a noise-activated nucleation of vorticity\nbands. We address for the first time the existence of Arrhenius laws in\nturbulent flows. The methodology we developed shall prove useful to study many\nother transitions related to drastic changes for the turbulent dynamics of\nclimate, geophysical, astrophysical and engineering applications. This opens a\nnew range of studies impossible so far, and bring turbulent phenomena in the\nrealm of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.",
        "positive": "Extracting the Landscape and Morphology of Aging Glassy Systems: We propose a way to analyze the landscape geometry explored by a glassy\nsystem after a quench solely based on time series of energy values recorded\nduring a simulation. Entry and exit times for landscape `valleys' are defined\noperationally by the occurrence of anomalous energy changes revealed by barrier\nand energy records. Linking these non-equilibrium events--or `earthquakes'-- to\nthe record statistics of the thermal noise immediately leads to the $\\ln t$\nrelaxation behavior ubiquitous in glassy dynamics. Aging of Ising spin glasses\nin two and three dimensions is studied as a check for a number of low\ntemperatures and lattice sizes. A simple picture emerges on e.g. 1) the scaling\nwith temperature and system size of the energy barriers as function of the\nvalley index, and 2) the scaling with system size of the lowest energy seen in\neach valley."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field-induced vacancy localization in a driven lattice gas: Scaling of\n  steady states: With the help of Monte Carlo simulations and a mean-field theory, we\ninvestigate the ordered steady-state structures resulting from the motion of a\nsingle vacancy on a periodic lattice which is filled with two species of\noppositely ``charged'' particles. An external field biases particle-vacancy\nexchanges according to the particle's charge, subject to an excluded volume\nconstraint. The steady state exhibits charge segregation, and the vacancy is\nlocalized at one of the two characteristic interfaces. Charge and hole density\nprofiles, an appropriate order parameter and the interfacial regions themselves\nexhibit characteristic scaling properties with system size and field strength.\nThe lattice spacing is found to play a significant role within the mean-field\ntheory.",
        "positive": "Mixing patterns in networks: We study assortative mixing in networks, the tendency for vertices in\nnetworks to be connected to other vertices that are like (or unlike) them in\nsome way. We consider mixing according to discrete characteristics such as\nlanguage or race in social networks and scalar characteristics such as age. As\na special example of the latter we consider mixing according to vertex degree,\ni.e., according to the number of connections vertices have to other vertices:\ndo gregarious people tend to associate with other gregarious people? We propose\na number of measures of assortative mixing appropriate to the various mixing\ntypes, and apply them to a variety of real-world networks, showing that\nassortative mixing is a pervasive phenomenon found in many networks. We also\npropose several models of assortatively mixed networks, both analytic ones\nbased on generating function methods, and numerical ones based on Monte Carlo\ngraph generation techniques. We use these models to probe the properties of\nnetworks as their level of assortativity is varied. In the particular case of\nmixing by degree, we find strong variation with assortativity in the\nconnectivity of the network and in the resilience of the network to the removal\nof vertices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inhomogeneously doped thermoelectric nanomaterials: Inhomogeneously doped thermoelectric nanomaterials with a delta-function\nelectronic density of states can operate with Carnot efficiency in the absence\nof phonon heat leaks. Here we self-consistently calculate the efficiency and\npower from open-circuit to short-circuit of a simple model of a thermoelectric\nnanomaterial with a narrow peak in the electronic density of states and finite\nlattice thermal conductivity, comparing the results for inhomogeneous and\nhomogeneous doping. For power generation between 800K and 300K, we find that\nnot only does inhomogeneous doping increase the maximum efficiency by 10%, but\nit also increases the maximum power by up to 60%.",
        "positive": "Simulating hydrodynamics on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices\n  with random circuits: In a recent milestone experiment, Google's processor Sycamore heralded the\nera of \"quantum supremacy\" by sampling from the output of (pseudo-)random\ncircuits. We show that such random circuits provide tailor-made building blocks\nfor simulating quantum many-body systems on noisy intermediate-scale quantum\n(NISQ) devices. Specifically, we propose an algorithm consisting of a random\ncircuit followed by a trotterized Hamiltonian time evolution to study\nhydrodynamics and to extract transport coefficients in the linear response\nregime. We numerically demonstrate the algorithm by simulating the buildup of\nspatiotemporal correlation functions in one- and two-dimensional quantum spin\nsystems, where we particularly scrutinize the inevitable impact of errors\npresent in any realistic implementation. Importantly, we find that the\nhydrodynamic scaling of the correlations is highly robust with respect to the\nsize of the Trotter step, which opens the door to reach nontrivial time scales\nwith a small number of gates. While errors within the random circuit are shown\nto be irrelevant, we furthermore unveil that meaningful results can be obtained\nfor noisy time evolutions with error rates achievable on near-term hardware.\nOur work emphasizes the practical relevance of random circuits on NISQ devices\nbeyond the abstract sampling task."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective potential for the second virial coefficient at Feshbach\n  resonance: In a recent paper entitled \"High temperature expansion applied to fermions\nnear Feshbach resonance\" (Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 160404 (2004)), Ho and Muller\nhave demonstrated a remarkable similarity between its high and low temperature\nproperties at resonance. The quantum second virial coefficient plays a crucial\nrole in their analysis, and has a universal value at resonance. In this paper,\nwe explore the connection between the quantum and classical second virial\ncoefficients, and show that near a Feshbach resonance, an exact mapping from\nthe quantum to classical form is possible. This gives rise to a scale\nindependent inverse square potential for the classical second virial\ncoefficient. It is suggested that it may be tested by measuring the isothermal\ncompressibility of the gas on the repulsive side of the resonance.",
        "positive": "High-gradient operators in the N-vector model: It has been shown by several authors that a certain class of composite\noperators with many fields and gradients endangers the stability of nontrivial\nfixed points in 2+eps expansions for various models. This problem is so far\nunresolved. We investigate it in the N-vector model in an 1/N-expansion. By\nestablishing an asymptotic naive addition law for anomalous dimensions we\ndemonstrate that the first orders in the 2+eps expansion can lead to erroneous\ninterpretations for high--gradient operators. While this makes us cautious\nagainst over--interpreting such expansions (either 2+eps or 1/N), the stability\nproblem in the N-vector model persists also in first order in 1/N below three\ndimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal fluctuations in KPZ growth on one-dimensional flat substrates: We present a numerical study of the evolution of height distributions (HDs)\nobtained in interface growth models belonging to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ)\nuniversality class. The growth is done on an initially flat substrate. The HDs\nobtained for all investigated models are very well fitted by the theoretically\npredicted Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble (GOE) distribution. The first cumulant\nhas a shift that vanishes as $t^{-1/3}$, while the cumulants of order $2\\le\nn\\le 4$ converge to GOE as $t^{-2/3}$ or faster, behaviors previously observed\nin other KPZ systems. These results yield a new evidence for the universality\nof the GOE distribution in KPZ growth on flat substrates. Finally, we further\nshow that the surfaces are described by the Airy$_{1}$ process.",
        "positive": "Interaction vs inhomogeneity in a periodic TASEP: We study the non-equilibrium steady states in a totally-asymmetric\nsimple-exclusion process with periodic boundary conditions, also incorporating\n(i) an extra (nearest-neighbour) repulsive interaction and (ii) hopping rates\ncharacterized by a smooth spatial inhomogeneity. We make use of a generalized\nmean-field approach (at the level of nearest-neighbour pair clusters), in\ncombination with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. It turns out that the\nso-called shock phase can exhibit a lot of qualitatively different subphases,\nincluding multiple-shock phases, and a minimal-current shock phase. We argue\nthat the resulting, considerably rich phase diagram should be relatively\ninsensitive to minor details of either interaction or spatial inhomogeneity. As\na consequence, we also expect that our results help elucidate the nature of\nshock subphases detected in previous studies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An analytic model for a cooperative ballistic deposition in one\n  dimension: We formulate a model for a cooperative ballistic deposition (CBD) process\nwhereby the incoming particles are correlated with the ones already adsorbed\nvia attractive force. The strength of the correlation is controlled by a\ntunable parameter $a$ that interpolates the classical car parking problem at\n$a=0$, the ballistic deposition at $a=1$ and the CBD model at $a>1$. The\neffects of the correlation in the CBD model are as follows. The jamming\ncoverage $q(a)$ increases with the strength of attraction $a$ due to an ever\nincreasing tendency of cluster formation. The system almost reaches the closest\npacking structure as $a\\to\\infty$ but never forms a percolating cluster which\nis typical to 1D system. In the large $a$ regime, the mean cluster size $k$\nincreases as $a^{1/2}$. Furthermore, the asymptotic approach towards the\nclosest packing is purely algebraic both with $a$ as $q(\\infty)-q(a) \\sim\na^{-1/2}$ and with $k$ as $q(\\infty)-q(k) \\sim k^{-1}$ where $q(\\infty)\\simeq\n1$.",
        "positive": "L\u00e9vy statistics in coding and non-coding nucleotide sequences: We propose a new method of statistical analysis of nucleotide sequences\nyielding the true scaling without requiring any form of de-trending. With the\nhelp of artificial sequences that are proved to be statistically equivalent to\nthe real DNA sequences we find that power-law correlations are present in both\ncoding and non-coding sequences, in accordance with the recent work of other\nauthors. We also afford a compelling evidence that these long-range\ncorrelations generate L\\'evy statistics in both types of sequences."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Diagrams and Crossover in Spatially Anisotropic d=3 Ising, XY\n  Magnetic and Percolation Systems: Exact Renormalization-Group Solutions of\n  Hierarchical Models: Hierarchical lattices that constitute spatially anisotropic systems are\nintroduced. These lattices provide exact solutions for hierarchical models and,\nsimultaneously, approximate solutions for uniaxially or fully anisotropic d=3\nphysical models. The global phase diagrams, with d=2 and d=1 to d=3 crossovers,\nare obtained for Ising, XY magnetic models and percolation systems, including\ncrossovers from algebraic order to true long-range order.",
        "positive": "Activated Random Walkers: Facts, Conjectures and Challenges: We study a particle system with hopping (random walk) dynamics on the integer\nlattice $\\mathbb Z^d$. The particles can exist in two states, active or\ninactive (sleeping); only the former can hop. The dynamics conserves the number\nof particles; there is no limit on the number of particles at a given site.\nIsolated active particles fall asleep at rate $\\lambda > 0$, and then remain\nasleep until joined by another particle at the same site. The state in which\nall particles are inactive is absorbing. Whether activity continues at long\ntimes depends on the relation between the particle density $\\zeta$ and the\nsleeping rate $\\lambda$. We discuss the general case, and then, for the\none-dimensional totally asymmetric case, study the phase transition between an\nactive phase (for sufficiently large particle densities and/or small $\\lambda$)\nand an absorbing one. We also present arguments regarding the asymptotic mean\nhopping velocity in the active phase, the rate of fixation in the absorbing\nphase, and survival of the infinite system at criticality. Using mean-field\ntheory and Monte Carlo simulation, we locate the phase boundary. The phase\ntransition appears to be continuous in both the symmetric and asymmetric\nversions of the process, but the critical behavior is very different. The\nformer case is characterized by simple integer or rational values for critical\nexponents ($\\beta = 1$, for example), and the phase diagram is in accord with\nthe prediction of mean-field theory. We present evidence that the symmetric\nversion belongs to the universality class of conserved stochastic sandpiles,\nalso known as conserved directed percolation. Simulations also reveal an\ninteresting transient phenomenon of damped oscillations in the activity\ndensity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal trade-off relation between power and efficiency for heat\n  engines: For a general thermodynamic system described as a Markov process, we prove a\ngeneral lower bound for dissipation in terms of the square of the heat current,\nthus establishing that nonvanishing current inevitably implies dissipation.\nThis leads to a universal trade-off relation between efficiency and power, with\nwhich we rigorously prove that a heat engine with nonvanishing power never\nattains the Carnot efficiency. Our theory applies to systems arbitrarily far\nfrom equilibrium, and does not assume any specific symmetry of the model.",
        "positive": "Non-Equilibrium Statistical Physics of Currents in Queuing Networks: We consider a stable open queuing network as a steady non-equilibrium system\nof interacting particles. The network is completely specified by its underlying\ngraphical structure, type of interaction at each node, and the Markovian\ntransition rates between nodes. For such systems, we ask the question ``What is\nthe most likely way for large currents to accumulate over time in a network\n?'', where time is large compared to the system correlation time scale. We\nidentify two interesting regimes. In the first regime, in which the\naccumulation of currents over time exceeds the expected value by a small to\nmoderate amount (moderate large deviation), we find that the large-deviation\ndistribution of currents is universal (independent of the interaction details),\nand there is no long-time and averaged over time accumulation of particles\n(condensation) at any nodes. In the second regime, in which the accumulation of\ncurrents over time exceeds the expected value by a large amount (severe large\ndeviation), we find that the large-deviation current distribution is sensitive\nto interaction details, and there is a long-time accumulation of particles\n(condensation) at some nodes. The transition between the two regimes can be\ndescribed as a dynamical second order phase transition. We illustrate these\nideas using the simple, yet non-trivial, example of a single node with\nfeedback."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics in the context of special relativity: In the present effort we show that $S_{\\kappa}=-k_B \\int d^3p\n(n^{1+\\kappa}-n^{1-\\kappa})/(2\\kappa)$ is the unique existing entropy obtained\nby a continuous deformation of the Shannon-Boltzmann entropy $S_0=-k_B \\int\nd^3p n \\ln n$ and preserving unaltered its fundamental properties of concavity,\nadditivity and extensivity. Subsequently, we explain the origin of the\ndeformation mechanism introduced by $\\kappa$ and show that this deformation\nemerges naturally within the Einstein special relativity. Furthermore, we\nextend the theory in order to treat statistical systems in a time dependent and\nrelativistic context. Then, we show that it is possible to determine in a self\nconsistent scheme within the special relativity the values of the free\nparameter $\\kappa$ which results to depend on the light speed $c$ and reduces\nto zero as $c \\to \\infty$ recovering in this way the ordinary statistical\nmechanics and thermodynamics. The novel statistical mechanics constructed\nstarting from the above entropy, preserves unaltered the mathematical and\nepistemological structure of the ordinary statistical mechanics and is suitable\nto describe a very large class of experimentally observed phenomena in low and\nhigh energy physics and in natural, economic and social sciences. Finally, in\norder to test the correctness and predictability of the theory, as working\nexample we consider the cosmic rays spectrum, which spans 13 decades in energy\nand 33 decades in flux, finding a high quality agreement between our\npredictions and observed data.\n  PACS number(s): 05.20.-y, 51.10.+y, 03.30.+p, 02.20.-a",
        "positive": "Origin of the approximate universality of distributions in equilibrium\n  correlated systems: We propose an interpretation of previous experimental and numerical\nexperiments, showing that for a large class of systems, distributions of global\nquantities are similar to a distribution originally obtained for the\nmagnetization in the 2D-XY model . This approach, developed for the Ising\nmodel, is based on previous numerical observations. We obtain an effective\naction using a perturbative method, which successfully describes the order\nparameter fluctuations near the phase transition. This leads to a direct link\nbetween the D-dimensional Ising model and the XY model in the same dimension,\nwhich appears to be a generic feature of many equilibrium critical systems and\nwhich is at the heart of the above observations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum fluctuation theorems in the strong damping limit: We consider a driven quantum particle in the strong friction regime described\nby the quantum Smoluchowski equation. We derive Crooks and Jarzynski type\nrelations for the reduced quantum system by properly generalizing the entropy\nproduction to take into account the non-Gibbsian character of the equilibrium\ndistribution. In the case of a nonequilibrium steady state, we obtain a quantum\nversion of the Hatano-Sasa relation. We, further, propose an experiment with\ndriven Josephson junctions that would allow to investigate nonequilibrium\nentropy fluctuations in overdamped quantum systems.",
        "positive": "Statistics of sums of correlated variables described by a matrix product\n  ansatz: We determine the asymptotic distribution of the sum of correlated variables\ndescribed by a matrix product ansatz with finite matrices, considering\nvariables with finite variances. In cases when the correlation length is\nfinite, the law of large numbers is obeyed, and the rescaled sum converges to a\nGaussian distribution. In constrast, when correlation extends over system size,\nwe observe either a breaking of the law of large numbers, with the onset of\ngiant fluctuations, or a generalization of the central limit theorem with a\nfamily of nonstandard limit distributions. The corresponding distributions are\nfound as mixtures of delta functions for the generalized law of large numbers,\nand as mixtures of Gaussian distributions for the generalized central limit\ntheorem. Connections with statistical physics models are emphasized."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Families of Graphs with W_r({G},q) Functions That Are Nonanalytic at\n  1/q=0: Denoting $P(G,q)$ as the chromatic polynomial for coloring an $n$-vertex\ngraph $G$ with $q$ colors, and considering the limiting function $W(\\{G\\},q) =\n\\lim_{n \\to \\infty}P(G,q)^{1/n}$, a fundamental question in graph theory is the\nfollowing: is $W_r(\\{G\\},q) = q^{-1}W(\\{G\\},q)$ analytic or not at the origin\nof the $1/q$ plane? (where the complex generalization of $q$ is assumed). This\nquestion is also relevant in statistical mechanics because\n$W(\\{G\\},q)=\\exp(S_0/k_B)$, where $S_0$ is the ground state entropy of the\n$q$-state Potts antiferromagnet on the lattice graph $\\{G\\}$, and the\nanalyticity of $W_r(\\{G\\},q)$ at $1/q=0$ is necessary for the large-$q$ series\nexpansions of $W_r(\\{G\\},q)$. Although $W_r$ is analytic at $1/q=0$ for many\n$\\{G\\}$, there are some $\\{G\\}$ for which it is not; for these, $W_r$ has no\nlarge-$q$ series expansion. It is important to understand the reason for this\nnonanalyticity. Here we give a general condition that determines whether or not\na particular $W_r(\\{G\\},q)$ is analytic at $1/q=0$ and explains the\nnonanalyticity where it occurs. We also construct infinite families of graphs\nwith $W_r$ functions that are non-analytic at $1/q=0$ and investigate the\nproperties of these functions. Our results are consistent with the conjecture\nthat a sufficient condition for $W_r(\\{G\\},q)$ to be analytic at $1/q=0$ is\nthat $\\{G\\}$ is a regular lattice graph $\\Lambda$. (This is known not to be a\nnecessary condition).",
        "positive": "Deciphering the folding kinetics of transmembrane helical proteins: Nearly a quarter of genomic sequences and almost half of all receptors that\nare likely to be targets for drug design are integral membrane proteins.\nUnderstanding the detailed mechanisms of the folding of membrane proteins is a\nlargely unsolved, key problem in structural biology. Here, we introduce a\ngeneral model and use computer simulations to study the equilibrium properties\nand the folding kinetics of a $C_{\\alpha}$-based two helix bundle fragment\n(comprised of 66 amino-acids) of Bacteriorhodopsin. Various intermediates are\nidentified and their free energy are calculated toghether with the free energy\nbarrier between them. In 40% of folding trajectories, the folding rate is\nconsiderably increased by the presence of non-obligatory intermediates acting\nas traps. In all cases, a substantial portion of the helices is rapidly formed.\nThis initial stage is followed by a long period of consolidation of the helices\naccompanied by their correct packing within the membrane. Our results provide\nthe framework for understanding the variety of folding pathways of helical\ntransmembrane proteins."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scissors mode in a superfluid Fermi gas: We evaluate the frequencies of scissors modes for density and concentration\nfluctuations in a vapour of fermionic atoms placed in two hyperfine levels\ninside a spherical harmonic trap. Both the superfluid and the normal state are\nconsidered, with inclusion of the interactions at the random-phase level. Two\nmain results are obtained: (i) the transition to the superfluid state is\nsignalled by the disappearance of soft transverse modes of the normal fluid in\nthe collisionless regime and (ii) the eigenfrequency of the density\nfluctuations in the superfluid coincides with that of the normal fluid in the\ncollisional regime. The latter property is related to the opening of the gap in\nthe single-pair spectrum.",
        "positive": "Quantum information dynamics in multipartite integrable systems: In a non-equilibrium many-body system, the quantum information dynamics\nbetween non-complementary regions is a crucial feature to understand the local\nrelaxation towards statistical ensembles. Unfortunately, its characterization\nis a formidable task, as non-complementary parts are generally in a mixed\nstate. We show that for integrable systems, this quantum information dynamics\ncan be quantitatively understood within the quasiparticle picture for the\nentanglement spreading. Precisely, we provide an exact prediction for the time\nevolution of the logarithmic negativity after a quench. In the space-time\nscaling limit of long times and large subsystems, the negativity becomes\nproportional to the R\\'enyi mutual information with R\\'enyi index $\\alpha=1/2$.\nWe provide robust numerical evidence for the validity of our results for\nfree-fermion and free-boson models, but our framework applies to any\ninteracting integrable system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kernel method for corrections to scaling: Scaling analysis, in which one infers scaling exponents and a scaling\nfunction in a scaling law from given data, is a powerful tool for determining\nuniversal properties of critical phenomena in many fields of science. However,\nthere are corrections to scaling in many cases, and then the inference problem\nbecomes ill-posed by an uncontrollable irrelevant scaling variable. We propose\na new kernel method based on Gaussian process regression to fix this problem\ngenerally. We test the performance of the new kernel method for some example\ncases. In all cases, when the precision of the example data increases,\ninference results of the new kernel method correctly converge. Because there is\nno limitation in the new kernel method for the scaling function even with\ncorrections to scaling, unlike in the conventional method, the new kernel\nmethod can be widely applied to real data in critical phenomena.",
        "positive": "Subdiffusion and many-body quantum chaos with kinetic constraints: We investigate the spectral and transport properties of many-body quantum\nsystems with conserved charges and kinetic constraints. Using random unitary\ncircuits, we compute ensemble-averaged spectral form factors and\nlinear-response correlation functions, and find that their characteristic time\nscales are given by the inverse gap of an effective Hamiltonian$-$or\nequivalently, a transfer matrix describing a classical Markov process. Our\napproach allows us to connect directly the Thouless time, $t_{\\text{Th}}$,\ndetermined by the spectral form factor, to transport properties and linear\nresponse correlators. Using tensor network methods, we determine the dynamical\nexponent, $z$, for a number of constrained, conserving models. We find\nuniversality classes with diffusive, subdiffusive, quasilocalized, and\nlocalized dynamics, depending on the severity of the constraints. In\nparticular, we show that quantum systems with 'Fredkin constraints' exhibit\nanomalous transport with dynamical exponent $z \\simeq 8/3$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Singular Coexistence-curve Diameters: Experiments and Simulations: Precise calculations of the coexistence-curve diameters of a hard-core\nsquare-we ll (HCSW) fluid and the restricted primitive model (RPM) electrolyte\nexhibit mar ked deviations from rectilinear behavior. The HCSW diameter\ndisplays a $|t|^{1- alpha}$ singularity that sets in sharply for $|t|\\equiv\n|T-T_c|/T_c\\lesssim 10^{-3}$; this compares favorably with extensive data for\n${SF}_6$, also reflec ted in C$_2$H$_6$, N$_2$, etc. By contrast, the curvature\nof the RPM diameter va ries slowly over a wide range $|t|\\lesssim 0.1$; this\nbehavior mirrors observati ons for liquid alkali metals, specifically Rb and\nCs. Amplitudes for the leading singular terms can be estimated numerically but\ntheir values cannot be taken li terally.",
        "positive": "The thermodynamic cost of choosing: Choice can be defined in thermodynamical terms and be shown to have a\nthermodynamic cost: choosing between a binary alternative at temperature T\ndissipates an energy E > kT ln 2."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From non-Brownian Functionals to a Fractional Schr\u00f6dinger Equation: We derive backward and forward fractional Schr\\\"odinger type of equations for\nthe distribution of functionals of the path of a particle undergoing anomalous\ndiffusion. Fractional substantial derivatives introduced by Friedrich and\nco-workers [PRL {\\bf 96}, 230601 (2006)] provide the correct fractional\nframework for the problem at hand. In the limit of normal diffusion we recover\nthe Feynman-Kac treatment of Brownian functionals. For applications, we\ncalculate the distribution of occupation times in half space and show how\nstatistics of anomalous functionals is related to weak ergodicity breaking.",
        "positive": "Recent Applications of Dynamical Mean-Field Methods: Rich out of equilibrium collective dynamics of strongly interacting large\nassemblies emerge in many areas of science. Some intriguing and not fully\nunderstood examples are the glassy arrest in atomic, molecular or colloidal\nsystems, flocking in natural or artificial active matter, and the organization\nand subsistence of ecosystems. The learning process, and ensuing amazing\nperformance, of deep neural networks bears resemblance with some of the\nbefore-mentioned examples. Quantum mechanical extensions are also of interest.\nIn exact or approximate manner the evolution of these systems can be expressed\nin terms of a dynamical mean-field theory which not only captures many of their\npeculiar effects but also has predictive power. This short review presents a\nsummary of recent developments of this approach with emphasis on applications\non the examples mentioned above."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rigorous Inequalities between Length and Time Scales in Glassy Systems: Glassy systems are characterized by an extremely sluggish dynamics without\nany simple sign of long range order. It is a debated question whether a correct\ndescription of such phenomenon requires the emergence of a large correlation\nlength. We prove rigorous bounds between length and time scales implying the\ngrowth of a properly defined length when the relaxation time increases. Our\nresults are valid in a rather general setting, which covers finite-dimensional\nand mean field systems.\n  As an illustration, we discuss the Glauber (heat bath) dynamics of p-spin\nglass models on random regular graphs. We present the first proof that a model\nof this type undergoes a purely dynamical phase transition not accompanied by\nany thermodynamic singularity.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of interacting particle systems: stochastic process and field\n  theory: We present an approach to the dynamics of interacting particle systems, which\nallows to derive path integral formulas from purely stochastic considerations.\nWe show that the resulting field theory is a dual version of the standard\ntheory of Doi and Peliti. This clarify both the origin of the Cole-Hopf map\nbetween the two approaches and the occurence of imaginary noises in effective\nLangevin equations for reaction-diffusion systems. The advantage of our\napproach is that it focuses directly on the density field. We show some\napplications, in particular on the Zero Range Process, hydrodynamic limits and\nlarge deviation functional."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hamiltonian Cycles on a Random Three-coordinate Lattice: Consider a random three-coordinate lattice of spherical topology having 2v\nvertices and being densely covered by a single closed, self-avoiding walk, i.e.\nbeing equipped with a Hamiltonian cycle. We determine the number of such\nobjects as a function of v. Furthermore we express the partition function of\nthe corresponding statistical model as an elliptic integral.",
        "positive": "TASEP Speed Process: An Effective Medium Approach: We discuss the approximate phenomenological description of the motion of a\nsingle second-class particle in a two-species totally asymmetric simple\nexclusion process (TASEP) on a 1D lattice. Initially, the second class particle\nis located at the origin and to its left, all sites are occupied with first\nclass particles while to its right, all sites are vacant. Ferrari and Kipnis\nproved that in any particular realization, the average velocity of the second\nclass particle tends to a constant, but this mean value has a wide variation in\ndifferent histories. We discuss this phenomena, here called the TASEP Speed\nProcess, in an approximate effective medium description, in which the second\nclass particle moves in a random background of the space-time dependent average\ndensity of the first class particles. We do this in three different\napproximations of increasing accuracy, treating the motion of the second-class\nparticle first as a simple biassed random walk in a continuum Langevin\nequation, then as a biased Markovian random walk with space and time dependent\njump rates, and finally as a Non-Markovian biassed walk with a non-exponential\ndistribution of waiting times between jumps. We find that, when the\ndisplacement at time $T$ is $x_0$, the conditional expectation of displacement,\nat time $zT$ ($z>1$) is $zx_0$, and the variance of the displacement only\nvaries as $z(z-1)T$. We extend this approach to describe the trajectories of a\ntagged particle in the case of a \\emph{finite} lattice, where there are $L$\nclasses of particles on an $L$-site line, initially placed in the order of\nincreasing class number. Lastly, we discuss a variant of the problem in which\nthe exchanges between adjacent particles happened at rates proportional to the\ndifference in their labels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Notes on heat engines and negative temperatures: We show that a Carnot cycle operating between a positive\ncanonical-temperature bath and a negative canonical-temperature bath has\nefficiency equal to unity. It follows that a negative canonical-temperature\ncannot be identified with an absolute temperature. We illustrate this with a\nspin in a varying magnetic field.",
        "positive": "Bosons with attractive interactions in a trap: Is the ground state\n  fragmented ?: Possible fragmentation of a Bose-Einstein condensate with negative scattering\nlength is investigated using a simple two-level model. Our results indicate\nthat fragmentation does not take place for values of the coupling for which the\nsystem is metastable. We also comment on the possibility of realizing a\nfragmented condensate in trapping potentials other than an harmonic one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact valence bond entanglement entropy and probability distribution in\n  the XXX spin chain and the Potts model: By relating the ground state of Temperley-Lieb hamiltonians to partition\nfunctions of 2D statistical mechanics systems on a half plane, and using a\nboundary Coulomb gas formalism, we obtain in closed form the valence bond\nentanglement entropy as well as the valence bond probability distribution in\nthese ground states. We find in particular that for the XXX spin chain, the\nnumber N_c of valence bonds connecting a subsystem of size L to the outside\ngoes, in the thermodynamic limit, as <N_c> = (4/pi^2) ln L, disproving a recent\nconjecture that this should be related with the von Neumann entropy, and thus\nequal to 1/(3 ln 2) ln L. Our results generalize to the Q-state Potts model.",
        "positive": "Additive entropy underlying the general composable entropy prescribed by\n  thermodynamic meta-equilibrium: We consider the meta-equilibrium state of a composite system made up of\nindependent subsystems satisfying the additive form of external constraints, as\nrecently discussed by Abe [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 63}, 061105 (2001)]. We derive the\nadditive entropy $S$ underlying a composable entropy $\\tilde{S}$ by identifying\nthe common intensive variable. The simplest form of composable entropy\nsatisfies Tsallis-type nonadditivity and the most general composable form is\ninterpreted as a monotonically increasing funtion $H$ of this simplest form.\nThis is consistent with the observation that the meta-equilibrium can be\nequivalently described by the maximum of either $H[\\tilde{S}]$ or $\\tilde{S}$\nand the intensive variable is same in both cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effectof biquadratic exchange on the phase diagram of a spin-1\n  transverse XY modelwith single-ion anisotropy: The two-time Green function method is employed to explore the effect of the\nbiquadratic exchange interaction on the phase diagram of a $d$-dimensional\nspin-1 transverse XY model with single-ion anisotropy close to the\nmagnetic-field-induced quantum critical point. We work at level of the\nAnderson-Callen-decoupling-like framework for both easy-plane and easy-axis\nsingle-ion anisotropy. The structure of the phase diagram is analyzed with\nanalytical estimates and numerical calculations by adopting Tyablikov-like\ndecouplings for the exchange higher order Green functions in the equation of\nmotion. For dominant bilinear short-range exchange interaction the structure of\nthe phase diagram close to the quantum critical point remains qualitatively the\nsame of that in absence of biquadratic interaction including reentrant critical\nlines. When the biquadratic exchange becomes increasingly dominant its role\nappears more effective and tends to reduce or destroy the reentrant character\nof the critical lines.",
        "positive": "Study of Brownian functionals in physically motivated model with purely\n  time dependent drift and diffusion: In this paper, we investigate a Brownian motion (BM) with purely time\ndependent drift and difusion by suggesting and examining several Brownian\nfunctionals which characterize the lifetime and reactivity of such stochastic\nprocesses. We introduce several probability distribution functions (PDFs)\nassociated with such time dependent BMs. For instance, for a BM with initial\nstarting point $x_0$, we derive analytical expressions for : (i) the PDF\n$P(t_f|x_0)$ of the first passage time $t_f$ which specify the lifetime of such\nstochastic process, (ii) the PDF $P(A|x_0)$ of the area A till the first\npassage time and it provides us numerous valuable information about the\neffective reactivity of the process, (iii) the PDF $P(M)$ associated with the\nmaximum size M of the BM process before the first passage time, and (iv)the\njoint PDF $P(M; t_m)$ of the maximum size M and its occurrence time $t_m$\nbefore the first passage time. These distributions are examined for the power\nlaw time time dependent drift and diffusion. A simple illustrative example for\nthe stochastic model of water resources availability in snowmelt dominated\nregions with power law time dependent drift and diffusion is demonstrated in\ndetails. We motivate our study with approximate calculation of an unsolved\nproblem of Brownian functionals including inertia."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometric scaling behaviors of the Fortuin-Kasteleyn Ising model in high\n  dimensions: Recently, we argued [Chin. Phys. Lett. $39$, 080502 (2022)] that the Ising\nmodel simultaneously exhibits two upper critical dimensions $(d_c=4, d_p=6)$ in\nthe Fortuin-Kasteleyn (FK) random-cluster representation. In this paper, we\nperform a systematic study of the FK Ising model on hypercubic lattices with\nspatial dimensions $d$ from 5 to 7, and on the complete graph. We provide a\ndetailed data analysis of the critical behaviors of a variety of quantities at\nand near the critical points. Our results clearly show that many quantities\nexhibit distinct critical phenomena for $4 < d < 6$ and $d\\geq 6$, and thus\nstrongly support the argument that $6$ is also an upper critical dimension.\nMoreover, for each studied dimension, we observe the existence of two\nconfiguration sectors, two lengthscales, as well as two scaling windows, and\nthus, two sets of critical exponents are needed to describe these behaviors.\nOur finding enriches the understanding of the critical phenomena in the Ising\nmodel.",
        "positive": "Solving Statistical Mechanics Using Variational Autoregressive Networks: We propose a general framework for solving statistical mechanics of systems\nwith finite size. The approach extends the celebrated variational mean-field\napproaches using autoregressive neural networks, which support direct sampling\nand exact calculation of normalized probability of configurations. It computes\nvariational free energy, estimates physical quantities such as entropy,\nmagnetizations and correlations, and generates uncorrelated samples all at\nonce. Training of the network employs the policy gradient approach in\nreinforcement learning, which unbiasedly estimates the gradient of variational\nparameters. We apply our approach to several classic systems, including 2D\nIsing models, the Hopfield model, the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, and the\ninverse Ising model, for demonstrating its advantages over existing variational\nmean-field methods. Our approach sheds light on solving statistical physics\nproblems using modern deep generative neural networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Active particle in a harmonic trap driven by a resetting noise: an\n  approach via Kesten variables: We consider the statics and dynamics of a single particle trapped in a\none-dimensional harmonic potential, and subjected to a driving noise with\nmemory, that is represented by a resetting stochastic process. The finite\nmemory of this driving noise makes the dynamics of this particle ``active''. At\nsome chosen times (deterministic or random), the noise is reset to an arbitrary\nposition and restarts its motion. We focus on two resetting protocols: periodic\nresetting, where the period is deterministic, and Poissonian resetting, where\ntimes between resets are exponentially distributed with a rate $r$. Between the\ndifferent resetting epochs, we can express recursively the position of the\nparticle. The random relation obtained takes a simple Kesten form that can be\nused to derive an integral equation for the stationary distribution of the\nposition. We provide a detailed analysis of the distribution when the noise is\na resetting Brownian motion. In this particular instance, we also derive a\nrenewal equation for the full time dependent distribution of the position that\nwe extensively study. These methods are quite general and can be used to study\nany process harmonically trapped when the noise is reset at random times.",
        "positive": "Path-dependent Entropy Production: A rigorous derivation of nonequilibrium entropy production via the\npath-integral formalism is presented. Entropy production is defined as the\nentropy change piled in a heat reservoir as a result of a nonequilibrium\nthermodynamic process. It is a central quantity by which various forms of the\nfluctuation theorem are obtained. The two kinds of the stochastic dynamics are\ninvestigated: the Langevin dynamics for an even-parity state and the Brownian\nmotion of a single particle. Mathematical ambiguities in deriving the\nfunctional form of the entropy production, which depends on path in state\nspace, are clarified by using a rigorous quantum mechanical approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density Renormalization Group for Classical Liquids: We study response of liquid to a scale transformation, which generates a\nchange of the liquid density, and obtain a set of differential equations for\ncorrelation functions. The set of equations, which we call density\nrenormalization group equations (DRGEs), is similar to the BBGKY hierarchy as\nit relates different multiple-point correlation functions. In particular, we\nderive DRGEs for one-particle irreducible vertex functions of liquid by\nperforming Legendre transformations, which enables us to calculate properties\nof liquid at higher density in terms of correlation functions at lower density.",
        "positive": "Self-consistent theory of the long-range order in solid solutions: On the basis of the assumption that atoms play a role of effective Fermions\nat lattice distribution, the study of the long-range ordering is shown to be\nreduced to self-consistent consideration of single and collective excitations\nbeing relevant to the space distribution of atoms and Fourier transform of such\ndistribution, respectively. A diagram method advanced allows to elaborate\ncomplete thermodynamic picture of the long-range ordering of the arbitrary\ncompositional solid solution. The long-range order parameter is found for\ndifferent chemical potentials of the components to obtain a scope of ordering\nsolid solutions according to relation between degree of the chemical affinity\nof the components and mixing energy. The boundary composition of the ordering\nphase AB_n is determined as a function of the chemical potentials of the\ncomponents and concentrations of impurities and defects.\nTemperature-compositional dependencies of the order parameter and the\nsublattice difference of the chemical potentials are determined explicitly. The\nhydrodynamic behavior of the system is presented by a reactive mode being\nresult of the interference of condensate and fluctuation components of\ncollective excitations. The dispersion law of this mode is displayed\nexperimentally as the Zener peak of the internal friction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Toward an invariant matrix model for the Anderson Transition: We consider invariant matrix models with log-normal (asymptotic) weight. It\nis known that their eigenvalue distribution is intermediate between\nWigner-Dyson and Poissonian, which candidates these models for describing a\nsystem intermediate between the extended and localized phase. We show that they\nhave a much richer energy landscape than expected, with their partition\nfunctions decomposable in a large number of equilibrium configurations, growing\nexponentially with the matrix rank. Within each of these saddle points,\neigenvalues are uncorrelated and confined by a different potential felt by each\neigenvalue. The equilibrium positions induced by the potentials differ in\ndifferent saddles. Instantons connecting the different equilibrium\nconfigurations are responsible for the correlations between the eigenvalues. We\nargue that these instantons can be linked to the SU(2) components in which the\nrotational symmetry can be decomposed, paving the way to understand the\nconjectured critical breaking of U(N) symmetry in these invariant models.",
        "positive": "Universal non-equilibrium properties of dissipative Rydberg gases: We investigate the out-of-equilibrium behavior of a dissipative gas of\nRydberg atoms that features a dynamical transition between two stationary\nstates characterized by different excitation densities. We determine the\nstructure and properties of the phase diagram and identify the universality\nclass of the transition, both for the statics and the dynamics. We show that\nthe proper dynamical order parameter is in fact not the excitation density and\nfind evidence that the dynamical transition is in the \"model A\" universality\nclass, i.e. it features a non-trivial $\\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry and a dynamics\nwith non-conserved order parameter. This sheds light on some relevant and\nobservable aspects of dynamical transitions in Rydberg gases. In particular, it\npermits a quantitative understanding of a recent experiment [C. Carr et al.,\nPhys. Rev. Lett. 111, 113901 (2013)] which observed bistable behaviour as well\nas power-law scaling of the relaxation time. The latter emerges not due to\ncritical slowing down in the vicinity of a second order transition, but from\nthe non-equilibrium dynamics near a so-called spinodal line."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Colloids in a periodic potential: driven lattice gas in continuous space: Motivated by recent studies of colloidal particles in optical tweezer arrays,\nwe study a two-dimensional model of a colloidal suspension in a periodic\npotential. The particles tend to stay near potential minima, approximating a\nlattice gas. The interparticle interaction, a sum of Yukawa terms, features\nshort-range repulsion and attraction at somewhat larger separations, such that\ntwo particles cannot occupy the same potential well, but occupation of adjacent\ncells is energetically favored. Monte Carlo simulation reveals that the\nequilibrium system exhibits condensation, as in the Ising model/lattice gas\nwith conserved magnetization; the transition appears to be continuous at a half\noccupancy. We study the effect of biased hopping probabilities favoring motion\nalong one lattice direction, as might be generated by a steady flow relative to\nthe potential array. This system is found to exhibit features of the driven\nlattice gas: the interface is oriented along the drive, and appears to be\nsmooth. A weak drive facilitates ordering of the particles into high- and\nlow-density regions, while stronger bias tends to destroy order, and leads to\nvery large energy fluctuations. Our results suggest possible realizations of\nequilibrium and driven lattice gases in a colloidal suspension subject to an\noptical tweezer array.",
        "positive": "Density functional theory of phase coexistence in weakly polydisperse\n  fluids: The recently proposed universal relations between the moments of the\npolydispersity distributions of a phase-separated weakly polydisperse system\nare analyzed in detail using the numerical results obtained by solving a simple\ndensity functional theory of a polydisperse fluid. It is shown that universal\nproperties are the exception rather than the rule."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A comparison between broad histogram and multicanonical methods: We discuss the conceptual differences between the Broad Histogram (BHM) and\nreweighting methods in general, and particularly the so-called Multicanonical\n(MUCA) approaches. The main difference is that BHM is based on microcanonical,\nfixed-energy averages which depends only on the good statistics taken {\\bf\ninside} each energy level. The detailed distribution of visits among different\nenergy levels, determined by the particular dynamic rule one adopts, is\nirrelevant. Contrary to MUCA, where the results are extracted from the dynamic\nrule itself, within BHM any microcanonical dynamics could be adopted. As a\nnumerical test, we have used both BHM and MUCA in order to obtain the spectral\nenergy degeneracy of the Ising model in $4 \\times 4 \\times 4$ and $32 \\times\n32$ lattices, for which exact results are known. We discuss why BHM gives more\naccurate results than MUCA, even using {\\bf the same} Markovian sequence of\nstates. In addition, such advantage increases for larger systems.",
        "positive": "Nonstationary heat conduction in one-dimensional models with substrate\n  potential: The paper investigates non-stationary heat conduction in one-dimensional\nmodels with substrate potential. In order to establish universal characteristic\nproperties of the process, we explore three different models ---\nFrenkel-Kontorova (FK), phi4+ ($\\phi^4$+) and phi4- ($\\phi^4-$). Direct numeric\nsimulations reveal in all these models a crossover from oscillatory decay of\nshort-wave perturbations of the temperature field to smooth diffusive decay of\nthe long-wave perturbations. Such behavior is inconsistent with parabolic\nFourier equation of the heat conduction and clearly demonstrates the necessity\nof hyperbolic models. The crossover wavelength decreases with increase of\naverage temperature. The decay patterns of the temperature field almost do not\ndepend on the amplitude of the perturbations, so the use of linear evolution\nequations for temperature field is justified. In all model investigated, the\nrelaxation of thermal perturbations is exponential -- contrary to linear chain,\nwhere it follows a power law. However, the most popular lowest-order hyperbolic\ngeneralization of the Fourier law, known as Cattaneo-Vernotte (CV) or telegraph\nequation (TE) is not valid for description of the observed behavior of the\nmodels with on-site potential. In part of the models a characteristic\nrelaxation times exhibit peculiar scaling with respect to the temperature\nperturbation wavelength. Quite surprisingly, such behavior is similar to that\nof well-known model with divergent heat conduction (Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chain) and\nrather different from the model with normal heat conduction (chain of\nrotators). Thus, the data on the non-stationary heat conduction in the systems\nwith on-site potential do not fit commonly accepted concept of universality\nclasses for heat conduction in one-dimensional models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An exact renormalization group approach to frustrated magnets: Frustrated magnets are a notorious example where usual perturbative methods\nfail. Having recourse to an exact renormalization group approach, one gets a\ncoherent picture of the physics of Heisenberg frustrated magnets everywhere\nbetween d=2 and d=4: all known perturbative results are recovered in a single\nframework, their apparent conflict is explained while the description of the\nphase transition in d=3 is found to be in good agreement with the experimental\ncontext.",
        "positive": "One-dimensional Langevin models of fluid particle acceleration in\n  developed turbulence: We make a comparative analysis of some recent one-dimensional Langevin models\nof the acceleration of a Lagrangian fluid particle in developed turbulent flow.\nThe class of models characterized by random intensities of noises (RIN models)\nprovides a fit to the recent experimental data on the acceleration statistics.\nWe review the model by Laval, Dubrulle, and Nazarenko (LDN) formulated in terms\nof temporal velocity derivative in the rapid distortion theory approach, and\npropose its extension due to the RIN framework. The fit of the contribution to\nfourth order moment of the acceleration is found to be better than in the other\nstochastic models. We study the acceleration probability density function\nconditional on velocity fluctuations implied by the RIN approach to LDN type\nmodel. The shapes of the conditional distributions and the conditional\nacceleration variance have been found in a good agreement with the recent\nexperimental data by Mordant, Crawford, and Bodenschatz (2003)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kob-Andersen model: a non-standard mechanism for the glassy transition: We present new results reflecting the analogies between the Kob-Andersen\nmodel and other glassy systems. Studying the stability of the blocked\nconfigurations above and below the transition we also give arguments that\nsupports their relevance for the glassy behaviour of the model.\n  However we find, surprisingly, that the organization of the phase space of\nthe system is different from the well known organization of other mean-field\nspin glasses and structural glasses.",
        "positive": "Speeding up of microstructure reconstruction: II. Application to\n  patterns of poly-dispersed islands: We report a fast, efficient and credible statistical reconstruction of any\ntwo-phase patterns of islands of miscellaneous shapes and poly-dispersed in\nsizes. In the proposed multi-scale approach called a weighted doubly-hybrid,\ntwo different pairs of hybrid descriptors are used. As the first pair, we\nemploy entropic quantifiers, while correlation functions are the second pair.\nTheir competition allows considering a wider spectrum of morphological\nfeatures. Instead of a standard random initial configuration, a synthetic one\nwith the same number of islands as that of the target is created by a cellular\nautomaton. This is the key point for speeding-up of microstructure\nreconstruction, making use of the simulated annealing technique. The program\nprocedure allows requiring the same values for the reconstructed and target\ninterface. The reconstruction terminates when three conditions related to the\naccuracy, interface and number of islands are fulfilled. We verify the approach\non digitized images of a thin metallic film and a concrete sample\ncross-section. For a given accuracy, our method significantly reduces the\nnumber of accepted Monte Carlo steps when compared to the standard approach. At\nthe same time, it provides credible shapes and similar areas of islands,\nkeeping their number and the total interface of the target. To the best of our\nknowledge, this is the first attempt to obtain such an outcome. The\ncost-effective reconstructions suggest that the present technique could also be\nused for patterns of islands with strongly jagged border lines."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Passive advection of a vector field: Anisotropy, finite correlation\n  time, exact solution and logarithmic corrections to ordinary scaling: In this work we study the generalization of the problem, considered in [{\\it\nPhys. Rev. E} {\\bf 91}, 013002 (2015)], to the case of {\\it finite} correlation\ntime of the environment (velocity) field. The model describes a vector (e.g.,\nmagnetic) field, passively advected by a strongly anisotropic turbulent flow.\nInertial-range asymptotic behavior is studied by means of the field theoretic\nrenormalization group and the operator product expansion. The advecting\nvelocity field is Gaussian, with finite correlation time and preassigned pair\ncorrelation function. Due to the presence of distinguished direction ${\\bf n}$,\nall the multiloop diagrams in this model are vanish, so that the results\nobtained are exact. The inertial-range behavior of the model is described by\ntwo regimes (the limits of vanishing or infinite correlation time) that\ncorrespond to the two nontrivial fixed points of the RG equations. Their\nstability depends on the relation between the exponents in the energy spectrum\n${\\cal E} \\propto k_{\\bot}^{1-\\xi}$ and the dispersion law $\\omega \\propto\nk_{\\bot}^{2-\\eta}$. In contrast to the well known isotropic Kraichnan's model,\nwhere various correlation functions exhibit anomalous scaling behavior with\ninfinite sets of anomalous exponents, here the corrections to ordinary scaling\nare polynomials of logarithms of the integral turbulence scale $L$.",
        "positive": "Continuous time random walks under Markovian resetting: We investigate the effects of markovian resseting events on continuous time\nrandom walks where the waiting times and the jump lengths are random variables\ndistributed according to power law probability density functions. We prove the\nexistence of a non-equilibrium stationary state and finite mean first arrival\ntime. However, the existence of an optimum reset rate is conditioned to a\nspecific relationship between the exponents of both power law tails. We also\ninvestigate the search efficiency by finding the optimal random walk which\nminimizes the mean first arrival time in terms of the reset rate, the distance\nof the initial position to the target and the characteristic transport\nexponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Logarithmic susceptibility and optimal control of large fluctuations: We analyze the probabilities of large infrequent fluctuations in systems\ndriven by external fields. In a broad range of the field magnitudes, the\nlogarithm of the fluctuation probability is linear in the field magnitude, and\nthe response can be characterized by a logarithmic susceptibility. This\nsusceptibility is used to analyze optimal control of large fluctuations. For\nnonadiabatic driving, the activation energies for nucleation and for escape of\na Brownian particle display singular behavior as a function of the field shape.",
        "positive": "Entropy and the second law for driven, or quenched, thermally isolated\n  systems: The entropy of a thermally isolated system should not decrease after a quench\nor external driving. For a classical system following Hamiltonian dynamics, we\nshow how this statement emerges for a large system in the sense that the\nextensive part of the entropy change does not become negative. However, for any\nfinite system and small driving, the mean entropy change can well be negative.\nWe derive these results using as micro-canonical entropy a variant recently\nintroduced by Swendsen and co-workers called \"canonical\". This canonical\nentropy is the one of a canonical ensemble with the corresponding mean energy.\nAs we show by refining the micro-canonical Crooks relation, the same results\nhold true for the two more conventional choices of micro-canonical entropy\ngiven either by the area of a constant energy shell, the Boltzmann entropy, or\nthe volume underneath it, the Gibbs volume entropy. These results are\nexemplified with quenched $N$-dimensional harmonic oscillators."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation Theory of Mixtures (A Statistical Mechanical Background): The statistical mechanical basis of the fluctuation theory of mixtures is\nreviewed. An overview of the statistical mechanical relations between the\nmicroscopic properties of a system and its macroscopic properties is presented.\nThe distribution functions in equilibrium systems are defined and relations\nbetween the distribution functions and thermodynamic properties for pure fluids\nand fluid mixtures are reported. The available approximations to distribution\nfunctions are presented. Definitions of direct correlation functions, direct\ncorrelation function integrals, and their relations with fluctuation integrals\nare reported.",
        "positive": "Path integral approach to random motion with nonlinear friction: Using a path integral approach, we derive an analytical solution of a\nnonlinear and singular Langevin equation, which has been introduced previously\nby P.-G. de Gennes as a simple phenomenological model for the stick-slip motion\nof a solid object on a vibrating horizontal surface. We show that the optimal\n(or most probable) paths of this model can be divided into two classes of\npaths, which correspond physically to a sliding or slip motion, where the\nobject moves with a non-zero velocity over the underlying surface, and a\nstick-slip motion, where the object is stuck to the surface for a finite time.\nThese two kinds of basic motions underlie the behavior of many more complicated\nsystems with solid/solid friction and appear naturally in de Gennes' model in\nthe path integral framework."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Second law for an autonomous information machine connected with multiple\n  baths: In an Information machine system's dynamics gets affected by the attached\ninformation reservoir. Second law of thermodynamics can be apparently violated\nfor this case. In this article we have derived second law for an information\nmachine, when the system is connected to multiple heat baths along with a work\nsource and a single information reservoir. Here a sequence of bits written on a\ntape is considered as an information reservoir. We find that the bath entropy\nproduction during a time interval is restricted by the change of Shannon\nentropy of the composite system (system + information reservoir) during that\ninterval. We have also given several examples where this law can be applicable\nand shown that our bound is tighter.",
        "positive": "The free energy of grain boundaries from atomistic computer simulation: A novel thermodynamic integration (TI) scheme is presented that allows\ncomputing the free energy of grain boundaries (GBs) in crystals from atomistic\ncomputer simulation. Unlike previous approaches, the method can be applied at\narbitrary temperatures and allows for a systematic extrapolation to the\nthermodynamic limit. It is applied to a $\\Sigma11$ GB in a face centered cubic\n(FCC) Lennard-Jones crystal. At a constant density, the GB free energy shows a\nnon-monotonic temperature dependence with a maximum at about half the melting\ntemperature and the GB changes from a rigid to a rough interface with distinct\nfinite size scaling above this temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A finite variant of the Toom Model: We present results for a finite variant of the one-dimensional Toom model\nwith closed boundaries. We show that the steady state distribution is not of\nproduct form, but is nonetheless simple. In particular, we give explicit\nformulas for the densities and some nearest neighbour correlation functions. We\nalso give exact results for eigenvalues and multiplicities of the transition\nmatrix using the theory of ${\\mathscr R}$-trivial monoids in joint work with A.\nSchilling, B. Steinberg and N. M. Thi\\'ery.",
        "positive": "Power series solution of the inhomogeneous exclusion process: We develop a power series method for the nonequilibrium steady state of the\ninhomogeneous one-dimensional totally asymmetric simple exclusion process\n(TASEP) in contact with two particle reservoirs and with site-dependent hopping\nrates in the bulk. The power series is performed in the entrance or exit rates\ngoverning particle exchange with the reservoirs, and the corresponding particle\ncurrent is computed analytically up to the cubic term in the entry or exit\nrate, respectively. We also show how to compute higher-order terms using\ncombinatorial objects known as Young tableaux. Our results address the long\noutstanding problem of finding the exact nonequilibrium steady state of the\ninhomogeneous TASEP. The findings are particularly relevant to the modelling of\nmRNA translation in which the rate of translation initiation, corresponding to\nthe entrance rate in the TASEP, is typically small."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on ``Scaling Laws for a System with Long-Range Interactions\n  within Tsallis Statistics'': In their recent Letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4233 (1999)], Salazar and Toral\n(ST) study numerically a finite Ising chain with non-integrable interactions\ndecaying like 1/r^(d+sigma) where -d <= sigma <= 0 (like ST, we discuss general\ndimensionality d). In particular, they explore a presumed connection between\nnon-integrable interactions and Tsallis's non-extensive statistics. We point\nout that (i) non-integrable interactions provide no more motivation for Tsallis\nstatistics than do integrable interactions, i.e., Gibbs statistics remain\nmeaningful for the non-integrable case, and in fact provide a {\\em complete and\nexact treatment}; and (ii) there are undesirable features of the method ST use\nto regulate the non-integrable interactions.",
        "positive": "Transport calculations in complex materials: A comparison of the Kubo\n  formula, the Kubo-Greenwood formula and the microscopic response method: Recently we have introduced the microscopic response method (MRM) to compute\nthe conductivity and Hall mobility for complex system with topological and\nthermal disorder, which is more convenient than the Kubo formula. We prove that\nfor a canonical ensemble the MRM leads to the same expression as the Kubo\nformula. When the gradient of carrier density is small, the MRM reduces to the\nwidely used Kubo-Greenwood formula."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Timing and Shape of Stochastic Autocatalytic Burst Formation: Chemical, physical and ecological systems passing through a saddle-node\nbifurcation will, momentarily, find themselves balanced at a semi-stable steady\nstate. If perturbed by noise, such systems will escape from the zero-steady\nstate, with escape time sensitive to noise. When the model is extended to\ninclude space, this leads to different points in space \"escaping from zero\" at\ndifferent times, and uniform initial conditions nucleate into sharp peaks\nspread randomly across a nearly uniform background, a phenomena closely\nresembling nucleation during phase transition. We use Large Deviation Theory to\ndetermine burst shape and temporal scaling with respect to noise amplitude.\nThese results give a prototype for a particular form of patternless symmetry\nbreaking in the vicinity of a stability boundary, and demonstrates how\nmicroscopic noise can lead to macroscopic effects in such a region.",
        "positive": "Shot noise of interference between independent atomic systems: We study shot (counting) noise of the amplitude of interference between\nindependent atomic systems. In particular, for the two interfering systems the\nvariance of the fringe amplitude decreases as the inverse power of the number\nof particles per system with the coefficient being a non-universal number. This\nnumber depends on the details of the initial state of each system so that the\nshot noise measurements can be used to distinguish between such states. We\nexplicitly evaluate this coefficient for the two cases of the interference\nbetween bosons in number states and in broken symmetry states. We generalize\nour analysis to the interference of multiple independent atomic systems. We\nshow that the variance of the interference contrast vanishes as the inverse\npower of the number of the interfering systems. This result, implying high\nsignal to noise ratio in the interference experiments, holds both for bosons\nand for fermions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fidelity and quantum phase transitions: It is shown that the fidelity, a basic notion of quantum information science,\nmay be used to characterize quantum phase transitions, regardless of what type\nof internal order is present in quantum many-body states. If the fidelity of\ntwo given states vanishes, then there are two cases: (1) they are in the same\nphase if the distinguishability results from irrelevant local information; or\n(2) they are in different phases if the distinguishability results from\nrelevant long-distance information. The different effects of irrelevant and\nrelevant information are quantified, which allows us to identify unstable and\nstable fixed points (in the sense of renormalization group theory). A physical\nimplication of our results is the occurrence of the orthogonality catastrophe\nnear the transition points.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Ising model of spatially-coupled ecological oscillators: Long-range synchrony from short-range interactions is a familiar pattern in\nbiological and physical systems, many of which share a common set of\n``universal'' properties at the point of synchronization. Common biological\nsystems of coupled oscillators have been shown to be members of the Ising\nuniversality class, meaning that the very simple Ising model replicates certain\nspatial statistics of these systems at stationarity. This observation is useful\nbecause it reveals which aspects of spatial pattern arise independently of the\ndetails governing local dynamics, resulting in both deeper understanding of and\na simpler baseline model for biological synchrony. However, in many situations\na system's dynamics are of greater interest than their static spatial\nproperties. Here, we ask whether a dynamical Ising model can replicate\nuniversal and non-universal features of ecological systems, using noisy coupled\nmetapopulation models with two-cycle dynamics as a case study. The standard\nIsing model makes unrealistic dynamical predictions, but the Ising model with\nmemory corrects this by using an additional parameter to reflect the tendency\nfor local dynamics to maintain their phase of oscillation. By fitting the two\nparameters of the Ising model with memory to simulated ecological dynamics, we\nassess the correspondence between the Ising and ecological models in several of\ntheir features (location of the critical boundary in parameter space between\nsynchronous and asynchronous dynamics, probability of local phase changes, and\nability to predict future dynamics). We find that the Ising model with memory\nis reasonably good at representing these properties of ecological\nmetapopulations. The correspondence between these models creates the potential\nfor the simple and well-known Ising class of models to become a valuable tool\nfor understanding complex biological systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exploring the possibilities of dynamical quantum phase transitions in\n  the presence of a Markovian bath: We explore the possibility of dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs)\noccurring during the temporal evolution of a quenched transverse field Ising\nchain coupled to a particle loss type of bath (local in Jordan-Wigner fermion\nspace) using two versions of the Loschmidt overlap (LO), namely, the fidelity\ninduced LO and the interferometric phase induced LO. The bath, on the one hand,\ndictates the dissipative evolution following a sudden quench and on the other,\nplays a role in dissipative mixed state preparation in the later part of the\nstudy. During a dissipative evolution following a sudden quench, no trace of\nDQPTs are revealed in both the fidelity and the interferometric phase\napproaches; however, remarkably the interferometric phase approach reveals the\npossibility of inter-steady state DQPTs in passage from one steady state to the\nother when the system is subjected to a quench after having reached the first\nsteady state. We further probe the occurrences of DQPTs when the system evolves\nunitarily after being prepared in a mixed state of engineered purity by ramping\nthe transverse field in a linear fashion in the presence of the bath. In this\ncase though the fidelity approach fails to indicate any DQPT, the\ninterferometric approach indeed unravels the possibility of occurrence of DQPTs\nwhich persists even up to a considerable loss of purity of the engineered\ninitial state as long as a constraint relation involving the dissipative\ncoupling and ramping time (rate) is satisfied. This constraint relation also\nmarks the boundary between two dynamically inequivalent phases; in one the LO\nvanishes for the critical momentum mode (and hence DQPTs exist) while in the\nother no such critical mode can exist and hence the LO never vanishes.",
        "positive": "Resolution of causal paradoxes arising from opposing thermodynamic\n  arrows of time: It was recently shown \\cite{opposite} that systems with opposite\nthermodynamic arrows of time could have moderate mutual interaction with\nneither destroying the order of the other. Such interaction includes signaling.\nSignals, however, may give rise to causal paradoxes, suggesting that \"moderate\"\ninteraction may be impossible. Using the two-time boundary condition framework,\nwe resolve the paradoxes. In one example, at a macroscopic level, we establish\nthe existence of solutions to the appropriate boundary value problem. This\nresult is extended to a class of microscopic problems. We also produce an\nexample in which microscopic data are given and there is no solution. This is a\ndifferent kind of resolution: there is no paradox because the events do not\nhappen. Finally we discuss the differences between these cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-encounter time of two diffusing particles in confinement: We investigate how confinement may drastically change both the probability\ndensity of the first-encounter time and the related survival probability in the\ncase of two diffusing particles. To obtain analytical insights into this\nproblem, we focus on two one-dimensional settings: a half-line and an interval.\nWe first consider the case with equal particle diffusivities, for which exact\nresults can be obtained for the survival probability and the associated\nfirst-encounter time density over the full time domain. We also evaluate the\nmoments of the first-encounter time when they exist. We then turn to the case\nwhen the diffusivities are not equal, and focus on the long-time behavior of\nthe survival probability. Our results highlight the great impact of boundary\neffects in diffusion-controlled kinetics even for simple one-dimensional\nsettings, as well as the difficulty of obtaining analytic results as soon as\ntranslational invariance of such systems is broken.",
        "positive": "Optimization and Growth in First-Passage Resetting: We combine the processes of resetting and first-passage to define\n\\emph{first-passage resetting}, where the resetting of a random walk to a fixed\nposition is triggered by a first-passage event of the walk itself. In an\ninfinite domain, first-passage resetting of isotropic diffusion is\nnon-stationary, with the number of resetting events growing with time as\n$\\sqrt{t}$. We calculate the resulting spatial probability distribution of the\nparticle analytically, and also obtain this distribution by a geometric path\ndecomposition. In a finite interval, we define an optimization problem that is\ncontrolled by first-passage resetting; this scenario is motivated by\nreliability theory. The goal is to operate a system close to its maximum\ncapacity without experiencing too many breakdowns. However, when a breakdown\noccurs the system is reset to its minimal operating point. We define and\noptimize an objective function that maximizes the reward (being close to\nmaximum operation) minus a penalty for each breakdown. We also investigate\nextensions of this basic model to include delay after each reset and to two\ndimensions. Finally, we study the growth dynamics of a domain in which the\ndomain boundary recedes by a specified amount whenever the diffusing particle\nreaches the boundary after which a resetting event occurs. We determine the\ngrowth rate of the domain for the semi-infinite line and the finite interval\nand find a wide range of behaviors that depend on how much the recession occurs\nwhen the particle hits the boundary."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple model for drag reduction: Direct Numerical Simulations established that the FENE-P model of\nviscoelastic flows exhibits the phenomenon of turbulent drag reduction which is\ncaused in experiments by dilute polymeric additives. To gain analytic\nunderstanding of the phenomenon we introduce in this Letter a simple\n1-dimensional model of the FENE-P equations. We demonstrate drag reduction in\nthe simple model, and explain analytically the main observations which include\n(i) reduction of velocity gradients for fixed throughput and (ii) increase of\nthroughput for fixed dissipation.",
        "positive": "Phenomenology of a First Order Dark State Phase Transition: Dark states are stationary states of a dissipative, Lindblad-type time\nevolution with zero von Neumann entropy, therefore representing examples of\npure, steady quantum states. Non-equilibrium dynamics featuring a dark state\nrecently gained a lot of attraction since their implementation in the context\nof driven-open quantum systems represents a viable possibility to engineer\nunique, pure states. In this work, we analyze a driven many-body spin system,\nwhich undergoes a transition from a dark steady state to a mixed steady state\nas a function of the driving strength. This transition connects a zero entropy\n(dark) state with a finite entropy (mixed) state and thus goes beyond the realm\nof equilibrium statistical mechanics and becomes of genuine nonequilibrium\ncharacter. We analyze the relevant long wavelength fluctuations driving this\ntransition in a regime where the system performs a discontinuous jump from a\ndark to a mixed state by means of the renormalization group. This allows us to\napproach the nonequilibrium dark state transition and identify similarities and\nclear differences to common, equilibrium phase transitions, and to establish\nthe phenomenology for a first order dark state phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation transitions with nonlocal constraint: We investigate percolation transitions in a nonlocal network model\nnumerically. In this model, each node has an exclusive partner and a link is\nforbidden between two nodes whose $r$-neighbors share any exclusive pair. The\n$r$-neighbor of a node $x$ is defined as a set of at most $N^r$ neighbors of\n$x$, where $N$ is the total number of nodes. The parameter $r$ controls the\nstrength of a nonlocal effect. The system is found to undergo a percolation\ntransition belonging to the mean field universality class for $r< 1/2$. On the\nother hand, for $r>1/2$, the system undergoes a peculiar phase transition from\na non-percolating phase to a quasi-critical phase where the largest cluster\nsize $G$ scales as $G \\sim N^{\\alpha}$ with $\\alpha = 0.74 (1)$. In the\nmarginal case with $r=1/2$, the model displays a percolation transition that\ndoes not belong to the mean field universality class.",
        "positive": "Time evolution of the extremely diluted Blume-Emery-Griffiths neural\n  network: The time evolution of the extremely diluted Blume-Emery-Griffiths neural\nnetwork model is studied, and a detailed equilibrium phase diagram is obtained\nexhibiting pattern retrieval, fluctuation retrieval and self-sustained activity\nphases. It is shown that saddle-point solutions associated with fluctuation\noverlaps slow down considerably the flow of the network states towards the\nretrieval fixed points. A comparison of the performance with other three-state\nnetworks is also presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bifurcations and Patterns in Compromise Processes: We study an opinion dynamics model in which agents reach compromise via\npairwise interactions. When the opinions of two agents are sufficiently close,\nthey both acquire the average of their initial opinions; otherwise, they do not\ninteract. Generically, the system reaches a steady state with a finite number\nof isolated, noninteracting opinion clusters (``parties''). As the initial\nopinion range increases, the number of such parties undergoes a periodic\nsequence of bifurcations. Both major and minor parties emerge, and these are\norganized in alternating pattern. This behavior is illuminated by considering\ndiscrete opinion states.",
        "positive": "Phase Transitions in Non-Equilibrium Systems: Phase transitions and critical behavior of driven systems are reviewed.\nModels exhibiting phase transitions, spontaneous symmetry breaking, phase\nseparation and coarsening processes in d=1 dimension are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging Exponents for Nonequilibrium Dynamics following Quenches from\n  Critical Point: Via Monte Carlo simulations we study nonequilibrium dynamics in the\nnearest-neighbor Ising model, following quenches to points inside the ordered\nregion of the phase diagram. With the broad objective of quantifying the\nnonequilibrium universality classes corresponding to spatially correlated and\nuncorrelated initial configurations, in this paper we present results for the\ndecay of the order-parameter autocorrelation function for quenches from the\ncritical point. This autocorrelation is an important probe for the aging\ndynamics in far-from-equilibrium systems and typically exhibits power-law\nscaling. From the state-of-the-art analysis of the simulation results we\nquantify the corresponding exponents ($\\mathbf{\\lambda}$) for both conserved\nand nonconserved (order parameter) dynamics of the model, in space dimension\n$d=3$. Via structural analysis we demonstrate that the exponents satisfy a\nbound. We also revisit the $d=2$ case to obtain more accurate results. It\nappears that irrespective of the dimension, $\\lambda$ is same for both\nconserved and nonconserved dynamics.",
        "positive": "Ground state of a spin-1/2 Heisenberg-Ising two-leg ladder with XYZ\n  intra-rung coupling: The quantum spin-1/2 two-leg ladder with an anisotropic XYZ Heisenberg\nintra-rung interaction and Ising inter-rung interactions is treated by means of\na rigorous approach based on the unitary transformation. The particular case of\nthe considered model with X-X intra-rung interaction resembles a quantum\ncompass ladder with additional frustrating diagonal Ising interactions. Using\nan appropriately chosen unitary transformation, the model under investigation\nmay be reduced to a transverse Ising chain with composite spins, and one may\nsubsequently find the ground state quite rigorously. We obtain a ground-state\nphase diagram and analyze the interplay of the competition between several\nfactors: the XYZ anisotropy in the Heisenberg intra-rung coupling, the Ising\ninteraction along the legs, and the frustrating diagonal Ising interaction. The\ninvestigated model shows extraordinarily diverse ground-state phase diagrams\nincluding several unusual quantum ordered phases, two different disordered\nquantum paramagnetic phases, as well as discontinuous or continuous quantum\nphase transitions between those phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Electron Dynamics at a Positive Ion: The dynamics of electrons in the presence of a positive ion is considered for\nconditions of weak electron-electron couping but strong electron-ion coupling.\nThe equilibrium electron density and electric field time correlation functions\nare evaluated for semi-classical conditions using a classical statistical\nmechanics with a regularized electron-ion interaction for MD simulation. The\ntheoretical analysis for the equilibrium state is obtained from the\ncorresponding nonlinear Vlasov equation. Time correlation functions for the\nelectrons are determined from the linearized Vlasov equation. The resulting\nelectron dynamics is described in terms of a distribution of single\nelectron-ion trajectories screened by an inhomogeneous electron gas dielectric\nfunction. The results are applied to calculation of the autocorrelation\nfunction for the electron electric field at the ion for $ 0\\leq Z\\leq 40$,\nincluding conditions of strong electron-ion coupling. The electron stopping\npower and self-diffusion coefficient are determined from these results, and all\nproperties calculated are compared with those obtained from semi-classical\nmolecular dynamics simulation. The agreement with semi-classical MD simulation\nis found to be reasonable. The theoretical description provides an instructive\ninterpretation for the strong electron-ion results.",
        "positive": "Exploring the energy landscape of XY models: We investigate the energy landscape of two- and three-dimensional XY models\nwith nearest-neighbor interactions by analytically constructing several classes\nof stationary points of the Hamiltonian. These classes are analyzed, in\nparticular with respect to possible signatures of the thermodynamic phase\ntransitions of the models. We find that, even after explicitly breaking the\nglobal O(2) symmetry of the XY spins, an exponentially large class of\nstationary points are singular and occur in continuous one-parameter families.\nThis property may complicate the use of theoretical tools developed for the\ninvestigation of phase transitions based on stationary points of the energy\nlandscape, and we discuss strategies to avoid these difficulties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Controlling the shape of small clusters with and without macroscopic\n  fields: Despite major advances in the understanding of the formation and dynamics of\nnano-clusters in the past decades, theoretical bases for the control of their\nshape are still lacking. We investigate strategies for driving fluctuating\nfew-particle clusters to an arbitrary target shape in minimum time with or\nwithout an external field. This question is recast into a first passage\nproblem, solved numerically, and discussed within a high temperature expansion.\nWithout field, large-enough low-energy target shapes exhibit an optimal\ntemperature at which they are reached in minimum time. We then compute the\noptimal way to set an external field to minimize the time to reach the target,\nleading to a gain of time that grows when increasing cluster size or decreasing\ntemperature. This gain can shift the optimal temperature or even create one.\nOur results could apply to clusters of atoms at equilibrium, and colloidal or\nnanoparticle clusters under thermo- or electrophoresis.",
        "positive": "Finite driving rates in interface models of Barkhausen noise: We consider a single-interface model for the description of Barkhausen noise\nin soft ferromagnetic materials. Previously, the model had been used only in\nthe adiabatic regime of infinitely slow field ramping. We introduce finite\ndriving rates and analyze the scaling of event sizes and durations for\ndifferent regimes of the driving rate. Coexistence of intermittency, with\nnon-trivial scaling laws, and finite-velocity interface motion is observed for\nhigh enough driving rates. Power spectra show a decay $\\sim \\omega^{-t}$, with\n$t<2$ for finite driving rates, revealing the influence of the internal\nstructure of avalanches."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic Theory of dilute gases under nonequilibrium conditions: The significance of the recent finding of the velocity distribution function\nof the steady-state Boltzmann equation under a steady heat current obtained by\n  Kim and Haykawa (J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. {\\bf 72}, 1904 (2003)) is discussed.\nThrough the stability analysis, it seems that the steady solution is stable.\nOne of possible applications to the nonequiliburium Knudsen effect in which one\ncell at equilibrium is connected to another cell under the steady heat\nconduction is discussed. This solution apparently shows that steady-state\nthermodynamics proposed by Sasa and Tasaki cannot be used in a naive setup. The\npreliminary result of our simulation based on molecular-dynamics for\nnonequilibrium Knudsen effect is also presented to verify the theoretical\nargument.",
        "positive": "Quantum scarring in a spin-boson system: fundamental families of\n  periodic orbits: As the name indicates, a periodic orbit is a solution for a dynamical system\nthat repeats itself in time. In the regular regime, periodic orbits are stable,\nwhile in the chaotic regime, they become unstable. The presence of unstable\nperiodic orbits is directly associated with the phenomenon of quantum scarring,\nwhich restricts the degree of delocalization of the eigenstates and leads to\nrevivals in the dynamics. Here, we study the Dicke model in the superradiant\nphase and identify two sets of fundamental periodic orbits. This experimentally\nrealizable atom-photon model is regular at low energies and chaotic at high\nenergies. We study the effects of the periodic orbits in the structure of the\neigenstates in both regular and chaotic regimes and obtain their quantized\nenergies. We also introduce a measure to quantify how much scarred an\neigenstate gets by each family of periodic orbits and compare the dynamics of\ninitial coherent states close and away from those orbits."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergence of continual directed flow in Hamiltonian systems: We propose a minimal model for the emergence of a directed flow in autonomous\nHamiltonian systems. It is shown that internal breaking of the spatio-temporal\nsymmetries, via localised initial conditions, that are unbiased with respect to\nthe transporting degree of freedom, and transient chaos conspire to form the\nphysical mechanism for the occurrence of a current. Most importantly, after\npassage through the transient chaos, trajectories perform solely regular\ntransporting motion so that the resulting current is of continual ballistic\nnature. This has to be distinguished from the features of transport reported\npreviously for driven Hamiltonian systems with mixed phase space where\ntransport is determined by intermittent behaviour exhibiting power-law decay\nstatistics of the duration of regular ballistic periods.",
        "positive": "High Field Mobility and Diffusivity of Electron Gas in Silicon Devices: In this paper the Boltzmann equation describing the carrier transport in a\nsemiconductor is considered. A modified Chapman-Enskog method is used, in order\nto find approximate solutions in the weakly non-homogeneous case. These\nsolutions allow to calculate the mobility and diffusion coefficients as\nfunction of the electric field. The integral-differential equations derived by\nthe above method are numerically solved by means of a combination of spherical\nharmonics functions and finite-difference operators. The Kane model for the\nelectron band structure is assumed; the parabolic band approximation is\nobtained as a particular case. The numerical values for mobility and\ndiffusivity in a silicon device are compared with the experimental data. The\nEinstein relation is also shown."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modified Sonine approximation for the Navier-Stokes transport\n  coefficients of a granular gas: Motivated by the disagreement found at high dissipation between simulation\ndata for the heat flux transport coefficients and the expressions derived from\nthe Boltzmann equation by the standard first Sonine approximation [Brey et al.,\nPhys. Rev. E 70, 051301 (2004); J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 17, S2489 (2005)], we\nimplement in this paper a modified version of the first Sonine approximation in\nwhich the Maxwell-Boltzmann weight function is replaced by the homogeneous\ncooling state distribution. The structure of the transport coefficients is\ncommon in both approximations, the distinction appearing in the coefficient of\nthe fourth cumulant $a_2$. Comparison with computer simulations shows that the\nmodified approximation significantly improves the estimates for the heat flux\ntransport coefficients at strong dissipation. In addition, the slight\ndiscrepancies between simulation and the standard first Sonine estimates for\nthe shear viscosity and the self-diffusion coefficient are also partially\ncorrected by the modified approximation. Finally, the extension of the modified\nfirst Sonine approximation to the transport coefficients of the Enskog kinetic\ntheory is presented.",
        "positive": "Nature of the spin-glass phase in dense packings of Ising dipoles with\n  random anisotropy axes: Using tempered Monte Carlo simulations, we study the the spin-glass phase of\ndense packings of Ising dipoles pointing along random axes. We consider systems\nof L^3 dipoles (a) placed on the sites of a simple cubic lattice with lattice\nconstant $d$, (b) placed at the center of randomly closed packed spheres of\ndiameter d that occupy a 64% of the volume. For both cases we find an\nequilibrium spin-glass phase below a temperature T_sg. We compute the\nspin-glass overlap parameter q and their associated correlation length xi_L.\nFrom the variation of xi_L with T and L we determine T_sg for both systems. In\nthe spin-glass phase, we find (a) <q> decreases algebraically with L, and (b)\nxi_L/L does not diverge as L increases. At very low temperatures we find\ncomb-like distributions of q that are sample-dependent. We find that the\nfraction of samples with cross-overlap spikes higher than a certain value as\nwell as the average width of the spikes are size independent quantities. All\nthese results are consistent with a quasi-long-range order in the spin-glass\nphase, as found previously for very diluted dipolar systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological properties of the mean field phi^4 model: We study the thermodynamics and the properties of the stationary points\n(saddles and minima) of the potential energy for a phi^4 mean field model. We\ncompare the critical energy Vc (i.e. the potential energy V(T) evaluated at the\nphase transition temperature Tc) with the energy V{theta} at which the saddle\nenergy distribution show a discontinuity in its derivative. We find that, in\nthis model, Vc >> V{theta}, at variance to what has been found in the\nliterature for different mean field and short ranged systems. By direct\ncalculation of the energy Vs(T) of the ``inherent saddles'', i.e. the saddles\nvisited by the equilibrated system at temperature T, we find that Vs(Tc) ~\nV{theta}. Thus, we argue that the thermodynamic phase transition is related to\na change in the properties of the inherent saddles rather then to a change of\nthe topology of the potential energy surface at T=Tc. Finally, we discuss the\napproximation involved in our analysis and the generality of our method.",
        "positive": "Band structure in collective motion with quenched range of interaction: A variant of the well known Vicsek model of the collective motion of a group\nof agents has been studied where the range of interactions are spatially\nquenched and non-overlapping. To define such interactions, the underlying two\ndimensional space is discretized and is divided into the primitive cells of an\nimaginary square lattice. At any arbitrary time instant, all agents within one\ncell mutually interact with one another. Therefore, when an agent crosses the\nboundary of a cell, and moves to a neighboring cell, only then its influence is\nspread to the adjacent cell. Tuning the strength of the scalar noise $\\eta$ it\nhas been observed that the system makes a discontinuous transition from a\nrandom diffusive phase to an ordered phase through a critical noise strength\n$\\eta_c$ where directed bands with high agent densities appear. Unlike the\noriginal Vicsek model here a host of different types of bands has been observed\nwith different angles of orientation and different wrapping numbers. More\ninterestingly, two mutually crossed independent sets of simultaneously moving\nbands are also observed. A prescription for the detailed characterization of\ndifferent types of bands have been formulated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical study of discrete models in the class of the nonlinear\n  molecular beam epitaxy equation: We study numerically some discrete growth models belonging to the class of\nthe nonlinear molecular beam epitaxy equation, or Villain-Lai-Das Sarma (VLDS)\nequation. The conserved restricted solid-on-solid model (CRSOS) with maximum\nheights differences H_m=1 and H_m=2 was analyzed in substrate dimensions d=1\nand d=2. The Das Sarma and Tamborenea (DT) model and a competitive model\ninvolving random deposition and CRSOS deposition were studied in d=1. For the\nCRSOS model with H_m=1 we obtain the more accurate estimates of scaling\nexponents in d=1: roughness exponent alpha = 0.94 +- 0.02 and dynamical\nexponent z = 2.88 +- 0.04. These estimates are significantly below the values\nof one-loop renormalization for the VLDS theory, which confirms Janssen's\nproposal of the existence of higher order corrections. The roughness exponent\nin d=2 is very near the one-loop result alpha=2/3, in agreement with previous\nworks. The moments W_n of orders n=2,3,4 of the heights distribution were\ncalculated for all models and the skewness S = W_3/{W_2}^{3/2} and the kurtosis\nQ = W_4/{W_2}^{2}-3 were estimated. At the steady states, the CRSOS models and\nthe competitive model have nearly the same values of S and Q in d=1, which\nsuggests that these amplitude ratios are universal in the VLDS class. The\nestimates for the DT model are different, possibly due to their typically long\ncrossover to asymptotic values. Results for the CRSOS models in d=2 also\nsuggest that those quantities are universal.",
        "positive": "Fluctuating noise drives Brownian transport: The transport properties of Brownian ratchet was studied in the presence of\nstochastic intensity noise (SIN) in both overdamped and underdamped regimes. In\nthe overdamped case, analytical solution using the matrix continued fraction\nmethod revealed the existence of a maximum current when the noise intensity\nfluctuates on intermediate time scale regions. Similar effects were observed\nfor the underdamped case by Monte Carlo simulations. The optimal\ntime-correlation for the Brownian transport coincided with the experimentally\nobserved time-correlation of the extrinsic noise in Esherichia coli gene\nexpression and implied the importance of environmental noise for molecular\nmechanisms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Site Percolation and Phase Transitions in Two Dimensions: The properties of the pure-site clusters of spin models, i.e. the clusters\nwhich are obtained by joining nearest-neighbour spins of the same sign, are\nhere investigated. In the Ising model in two dimensions it is known that such\nclusters undergo a percolation transition exactly at the critical point. We\nshow that this result is valid for a wide class of bidimensional systems\nundergoing a continuous magnetization transition. We provide numerical evidence\nfor discrete as well as for continuous spin models, including SU(N) lattice\ngauge theories. The critical percolation exponents do not coincide with the\nones of the thermal transition, but they are the same for models belonging to\nthe same universality class.",
        "positive": "How the geometry makes the criticality in two - component spreading\n  phenomena?: We study numerically a two-component A-B spreading model (SMK model) for\nconcave and convex radial growth of 2d-geometries. The seed is chosen to be an\noccupied circle line, and growth spreads inside the circle (concave geometry)\nor outside the circle (convex geometry). On the basis of generalised\ndiffusion-annihilation equation for domain evolution, we derive the mean field\nrelations describing quite well the results of numerical investigations. We\nconclude that the intrinsic universality of the SMK does not depend on the\ngeometry and the dependence of criticality versus the curvature observed in\nnumerical experiments is only an apparent effect. We discuss the dependence of\nthe apparent critical exponent $\\chi_{a}$ upon the spreading geometry and\ninitial conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The one-dimensional XXZ model with long-range interactions: The one-dimensional XXZ model (s=1/2, N sites) with uniform long-range\ninteractions among the transverse components of the spins is considered. The\nHamiltonian of the model is explicitly given by\n$H=J\\sum_{j=1}^{N}(s_{j}^{x}s_{j+1}^{x}+s_{j}^{y}s_{j+1}^{y})\n-(I/N)\\sum_{j,k=1}^{N}s_{j}^{z}s_{k}^{z}-h\\sum_{j=1}^{N}s_{j}^{z},$ where the\n$s^{x,y,z}$ are half the Pauli spin matrices. The model is exactly solved by\napplying the Jordan-Wigner fermionization, followed by a Gaussian\ntransformation. In the absence of the long-range interactions (I=0), the model,\nwhich reduces to the isotropic XY model, is known to exhibit a second-order\nquantum phase transition driven by the field at zero temperature. It is shown\nthat in the presence of the long-range interactions (I different from 0) the\nnature of the transition is strongly affected. For I>0, which favours the\nordering of the transverse components of the spins, the transition is changed\nfrom second- to first-order, due to the competition between transverse and xy\ncouplings. On the other hand, for I<0, which induces complete frustration of\nthe spins, a second-order transition is still present, although the system is\ndriven out of its usual universality class, and its critical exponents assume\ntypical mean-field values.",
        "positive": "Metamagnetism of antiferromagnetic XXZ quantum spin chains: The magnetization process of the one-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg\nmodel with the Ising-like anisotropic exchange interaction is studied by the\nexact diagonalization technique. It results in the evidence of the first-order\nspin flop transition with a finite magnetization jump in the N\\'eel ordered\nphase for $S\\geq 1$. It implies that the S=1/2 chain is an exceptional case\nwhere the metamagnetic transition becomes second-order due to large quantum\nfluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adiabatic motion and statistical mechanics via mass zero constrained\n  dynamics: In recent work [Coretti et al., The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2018, 149,\n191102], a new algorithm to solve numerically the dynamics of the shell model\nfor polarization was presented. The approach, broadly applicable to systems\ninvolving adiabatically separated dynamical variables, employs constrained\nmolecular dynamics to strictly enforce the condition that the force on the fast\ndegrees of freedom, modeled as having zero mass, is null at each time step. The\nalgorithm is symplectic and fully time reversible, and results in stable and\nefficient propagation. In this paper we complete the discussion of the\nmechanics of mass zero constrained dynamics by showing how to adapt it to\nproblems where the fast degrees of freedom must satisfy additional conditions.\nThis extension includes, in particular, the important case of first principles\nmolecular dynamics. We then consider the statistical mechanics of the mass zero\nconstrained dynamical system demonstrating that the marginal probability\nsampled by the dynamics in the physical phase space recovers the form of the\nBorn-Oppenheimer probability density.",
        "positive": "The Influence of Nonextensivity on Orientational Ordering in Liquid\n  Crystal Systems with Variable Molecular Shape: A generalized model taking into account the photoisomerization influence on\nthe nematic ordering is presented. This generalized theory is used to\ninvestigate the effect of the nonextensivity on the concentration dependence of\nthe long-range order parameter. The q-dependent variation of the concentration\nof cis-trans isomers and of the order parameter with the time of exposure to\nthe illumination is investigated within nonextensivity. It is also shown that\nfor sufficiently long exposition of the mesophase to the illumination the\nnematic phase cannot disappear for some value of the entropic index, coming\nfrom Tsallis statistics. Moreover it is shown that long range interactions or\nthe fractal structure in the liquid crystalline system might affect the\ncharacteristics of the phase transition in the physical system. We think\ntherefore that this conclusion might shed light on the interaction potential\nenergy terms in the similar system in future possible experiments, even to be\nperformed on new objects with different symmetries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the solvable multi-species reaction-diffusion processes: A family of one-dimensional multi-species reaction-diffusion processes on a\nlattice is introduced. It is shown that these processes are exactly solvable,\nprovided a nonspectral matrix equation is satisfied. Some general remarks on\nthe solutions to this equation, and some special solutions are given. The\nlarge-time behavior of the conditional probabilities of such systems are also\ninvestigated.",
        "positive": "Quantitative analysis of single particle trajectories: mean maximal\n  excursion method: An increasing number of experimental studies employ single particle tracking\nto probe the physical environment in complex systems. We here propose and\ndiscuss new methods to analyze the time series of the particle traces, in\nparticular, for subdiffusion phenomena. We discuss the statistical properties\nof mean maximal excursions, i.e., the maximal distance covered by a test\nparticle up to time t. Compared to traditional methods focusing on the mean\nsquared displacement we show that the mean maximal excursion analysis performs\nbetter in the determination of the anomalous diffusion exponent. We also\ndemonstrate that combination of regular moments with moments of the mean\nmaximal excursion method provides additional criteria to determine the exact\nphysical nature of the underlying stochastic subdiffusion processes. We put the\nmethods to test using experimental data as well as simulated time series from\ndifferent models for normal and anomalous dynamics, such as diffusion on\nfractals, continuous time random walks, and fractional Brownian motion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ratchet transport of interacting particles: We study analytically and numerically the ratchet transport of interacting\nparticles induced by a monochromatic driving in asymmetric two-dimensional\nstructures. The ratchet flow is preserved in the limit of strong interactions\nand can become even stronger compared to the non-interacting case. The\ndeveloped kinetic theory gives a good description of these two limiting\nregimes. The numerical data show emergence of turbulence in the ratchet flow\nunder certain conditions.",
        "positive": "Universal and accessible entropy estimation using a compression\n  algorithm: Entropy and free-energy estimation are key in thermodynamic characterization\nof simulated systems ranging from spin models through polymers, colloids,\nprotein structure, and drug-design. Current techniques suffer from being model\nspecific, requiring abundant computation resources and simulation at conditions\nfar from the studied realization. Here, we present a universal scheme to\ncalculate entropy using lossless compression algorithms and validate it on\nsimulated systems of increasing complexity. Our results show accurate entropy\nvalues compared to benchmark calculations while being computationally\neffective. In molecular-dynamics simulations of protein folding, we exhibit\nunmatched detection capability of the folded states by measuring previously\nundetectable entropy fluctuations along the simulation timeline. Such entropy\nevaluation opens a new window onto the dynamics of complex systems and allows\nefficient free-energy calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Contact process on generalized Fibonacci chains: infinite-modulation\n  criticality and double-log periodic oscillations: We study the nonequilibrium phase transition of the contact process with\naperiodic transition rates using a real-space renormalization group as well as\nMonte-Carlo simulations. The transition rates are modulated according to the\ngeneralized Fibonacci sequences defined by the inflation rules A $\\to$ AB$^k$\nand B $\\to$ A. For $k=1$ and 2, the aperiodic fluctuations are irrelevant, and\nthe nonequilibrium transition is in the clean directed percolation universality\nclass. For $k\\ge 3$, the aperiodic fluctuations are relevant. We develop a\ncomplete theory of the resulting unconventional \"infinite-modulation\" critical\npoint which is characterized by activated dynamical scaling. Moreover,\nobservables such as the survival probability and the size of the active cloud\ndisplay pronounced double-log periodic oscillations in time which reflect the\ndiscrete scale invariance of the aperiodic chains. We illustrate our theory by\nextensive numerical results, and we discuss relations to phase transitions in\nother quasiperiodic systems.",
        "positive": "Critical dynamics in thin films: Critical dynamics in film geometry is analyzed within the field-theoretical\napproach. In particular we consider the case of purely relaxational dynamics\n(Model A) and Dirichlet boundary conditions, corresponding to the so-called\nordinary surface universality class on both confining boundaries. The general\nscaling properties for the linear response and correlation functions and for\ndynamic Casimir forces are discussed. Within the Gaussian approximation we\ndetermine the analytic expressions for the associated universal scaling\nfunctions and study quantitatively in detail their qualitative features as well\nas their various limiting behaviors close to the bulk critical point. In\naddition we consider the effects of time-dependent fields on the\nfluctuation-induced dynamic Casimir force and determine analytically the\ncorresponding universal scaling functions and their asymptotic behaviors for\ntwo specific instances of instantaneous perturbations. The universal aspects of\nnonlinear relaxation from an initially ordered state are also discussed\nemphasizing the different crossovers that occur during this evolution. The\nmodel considered is relevant to the critical dynamics of actual uniaxial\nferromagnetic films with symmetry-preserving conditions at the confining\nsurfaces and for Monte Carlo simulations of spin system with Glauber dynamics\nand free boundary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Beyond the Death of Linear Response: 1/f optimal information transport: Non-ergodic renewal processes have recently been shown by several authors to\nbe insensitive to periodic perturbations, thereby apparently sanctioning the\ndeath of linear response, a building block of nonequilibrium statistical\nphysics. We show that it is possible to go beyond the ``death of linear\nresponse\" and establish a permanent correlation between an external stimulus\nand the response of a complex network generating non-ergodic renewal processes,\nby taking as stimulus a similar non-ergodic process. The ideal condition of\n1/f-noise corresponds to a singularity that is expected to be relevant in\nseveral experimental conditions.",
        "positive": "Absolute Irreversibility in Information Thermodynamics: Nonequilibrium equalities have attracted considerable interest in the context\nof statistical mechanics and information thermodynamics. What is remarkable\nabout nonequilibrium equalities is that they apply to rather general\nnonequilibrium situations beyond the linear response regime. However,\nnonequilibrium equalities are known to be inapplicable to some important\nsituations. In this thesis, we introduce a concept of absolute irreversibility\nas a new class of irreversibility that encompasses the entire range of those\nirreversible situations to which the conventional nonequilibrium equalities are\ninapplicable. In mathematical terms, absolute irreversibility corresponds to\nthe singular part of probability measure and can be separated from the ordinary\nirreversible part by Lebesgue's decomposition theorem in measure theory. This\ntheorem guarantees the uniqueness of the decomposition of probability measure\ninto singular and nonsingular parts, which enables us to give a well-defined\nmathematical and physical meaning to absolute irreversibility. Consequently, we\nderive a new type of nonequilibrium equalities in the presence of absolute\nirreversibility. Inequalities derived from our nonequilibrium equalities give\nstronger restrictions on the entropy production during nonequilibrium processes\nthan the conventional second-law like inequalities. Moreover, we present a new\nresolution of Gibbs' paradox from the viewpoint of absolute irreversibility.\nThis resolution applies to a classical mesoscopic regime, where two prevailing\nresolutions of Gibbs' paradox break down."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Off-lattice noise reduction and the ultimate scaling of DLA in two\n  dimensions: Off-lattice DLA clusters grown with different levels of noise reduction are\nfound to be consistent with a simple fractal fixed point. Cluster shapes and\ntheir ensemble variation exhibit a dominant slowest correction to scaling, and\nthis also accounts for the apparent ``multiscaling'' in the DLA mass\ndistribution. We interpret the correction to scaling in terms of renormalized\nnoise. The limiting value of this variable is strikingly small and is dominated\nby fluctuations in cluster shape. Earlier claims of anomalous scaling in DLA\nwere misled by the slow approach to this small fixed point value.",
        "positive": "Sloppy Gear Mechanism for Coupled Stochastic Transportation: from\n  anti-equilibrium flow to infinite selectivity: Non-equilibrium transportation of particles through a restricted space (such\nas porous media or narrow channels) significantly differs from free space. With\na simple model of two types of particles competing to transport via a passive\nsingle-lane channel connecting two chemical baths, we find two dynamical modes\nof transportation -- the dud mode and the ratchet mode. At the ratchet mode,\nthe gradient flow of one type of particle forces the other into a transient\nanti-equilibrium flow against its gradient. At the dud mode, the two types of\nparticles both flow according to their gradients. This counter-intuitive\nnon-equilibrium effect can be explained by a sloppy gear mechanism. In addition\nto the anti-gradient flow observed in the ratchet mode, we find that the\nnon-equilibrium sloppy gear mechanism suppresses the flow of one particle while\nallowing the flow for the other. This mechanism provides a general theoretical\nframework to explain and design the selective transportation of particles via\npassive channels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solvent coarse-graining and the string method applied to the hydrophobic\n  collapse of a hydrated chain: Using computer simulations of over 100,000 atoms, the mechanism for the\nhydrophobic collapse of an idealized hydrated chain is obtained. This is done\nby coarse-graining the atomistic water molecule positions over 129,000\ncollective variables that represent the water density field and then using the\nstring method in these variables to compute the minimum free energy pathway\n(MFEP) for the collapsing chain. The dynamical relevance of the MFEP (i.e. its\ncoincidence with the mechanism of collapse) is validated a posteriori using\nconventional molecular dynamics trajectories. Analysis of the MFEP provides\natomistic confirmation for the mechanism of hydrophobic collapse proposed by\nten Wolde and Chandler. In particular, it is shown that lengthscale-dependent\nhydrophobic dewetting is the rate-limiting step in the hydrophobic collapse of\nthe considered chain.",
        "positive": "Quasi-wetting and morphological phase transitions in confined\n  far-from-equilibrium magnetic thin films: The growth of confined magnetic films with ferromagnetic interactions between\nnearest-neighbor spins is studied in a stripped $(1+1)-$dimensional rectangular\ngeometry. Magnetic films are grown irreversibly by adding spins at the\nboundaries of the growing interface. A competing situation with two opposite\nshort range surface magnetic fields of the same magnitude is analyzed. Due to\nthe antisymmetric condition considered, an interface between domains with spins\nhaving opposite orientations develops along the growing direction. Such\ninterface undergoes a localization-delocalization transition that is identified\nas a quasi-wetting transition, in qualitative agreement with observations\nperformed under equilibrium conditions. In addition, the film also exhibits a\ngrowing interface that undergoes morphological transitions in the growth mode.\nIt is shown that, as a consequence of the nonequilibrium nature of the\ninvestigated model, the subtle interplay between finite-size effects, wetting,\nand interface growth mechanisms leads to more rich and complex physical\nfeatures than in the equilibrium counterpart. Indeed, a phase diagram that\nexhibits eight distinct regions is evaluated and discussed. In the\nthermodynamic limit, the whole ordered phase (which contains the quasi-wetting\ntransition) collapses, while within the disordered phase, standard\nextrapolation procedures show that only two regions are present in the phase\ndiagram of the infinite system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractal fluctuations in finance: We consider the structure functions S^(q)(T), i.e. the moments of order q of\nthe increments X(t+T)-X(t) of the Foreign Exchange rate X(t) which give clear\nevidence of scaling (S^(q)(T)~T^z(q)). We demonstrate that the nonlinearity of\nthe observed scaling exponent z(q) is incompatible with monofractal additive\nstochastic models usually introduced in finance: Brownian motion, Levy\nprocesses and their truncated versions. This nonlinearity corresponds to\nmultifractal intermittency yielded by multiplicative processes. The\nnon-analycity of z(q) corresponds to universal multifractals, which are\nfurthermore able to produce ``hyperbolic'' pdf tails with an exponent q_D >2.\nWe argue that it is necessary to introduce stochastic evolution equations which\nare compatible with this multifractal behaviour.",
        "positive": "A minimal exactly solved model with the extreme Thouless effect: We present and analyze a minimal exactly solved model that exhibits a\nmixed-order phase transition known in the literature as the Thouless effect.\nSuch hybrid transitions do not fit into the modest classification of\nthermodynamic transitions and as such, they used to be overlooked or\nincorrectly identified in the past. The recent series of observations of such\ntransitions in many diverse systems suggest that a new taxonomy of phase\ntransitions is needed. The spin model we present due to its simplicity and\npossible experimental designs could bring us to this goal. We find the\nHamiltonian of the model from which partition function is easily calculated.\nThermodynamic properties of the model, i.e. discontinuous magnetization and\ndiverging susceptibility, are discussed. Finally, its generalizations and\nfurther research directions are proposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Formulas for Quantum Mean Values for a Composite A+B: Herein is presented a research with regard to the calculation of quantum mean\nvalues, for a composite A+B, by using different formulas to expressions in\nBoltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon's statistics. It is analyzed why matrix formulas E_A y\nE_B, in Hilbert subspaces, produce identical results to full Hilbert space\nformulas. In accord to former investigations, those matrices are the adequated\ndensity matrices, inside third version of nonextensive statistical mechanics.\nThose investigations were obtained by calculating the thermodynamical\nparameters of magnetization and internal energy. This publication demonstrates\nthat it is not necessary postulate the mean values formulas in Hilbert\nsubspaces, but they can be stem from full Hilbert space, taking into\nconsideration the statistical independence concept.",
        "positive": "Self-avoiding walks crossing a square: We study a restricted class of self-avoiding walks (SAW) which start at the\norigin (0, 0), end at $(L, L)$, and are entirely contained in the square $[0,\nL] \\times [0, L]$ on the square lattice ${\\mathbb Z}^2$. The number of distinct\nwalks is known to grow as $\\lambda^{L^2+o(L^2)}$. We estimate $\\lambda =\n1.744550 \\pm 0.000005$ as well as obtaining strict upper and lower bounds,\n$1.628 < \\lambda < 1.782.$ We give exact results for the number of SAW of\nlength $2L + 2K$ for $K = 0, 1, 2$ and asymptotic results for $K = o(L^{1/3})$.\n  We also consider the model in which a weight or {\\em fugacity} $x$ is\nassociated with each step of the walk. This gives rise to a canonical model of\na phase transition. For $x < 1/\\mu$ the average length of a SAW grows as $L$,\nwhile for $x > 1/\\mu$ it grows as\n  $L^2$. Here $\\mu$ is the growth constant of unconstrained SAW in ${\\mathbb\nZ}^2$. For $x = 1/\\mu$ we provide numerical evidence, but no proof, that the\naverage walk length grows as $L^{4/3}$.\n  We also consider Hamiltonian walks under the same restriction. They are known\nto grow as $\\tau^{L^2+o(L^2)}$ on the same $L \\times L$ lattice. We give\nprecise estimates for $\\tau$ as well as upper and lower bounds, and prove that\n$\\tau < \\lambda.$"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations of Electromagnetic Field at the Interface Between Media: This work is about fluctuations of the surface charge between two media with\ndistinct dielectric functions. The long-range correlation of the surface charge\nfluctuations is treated classically and quantum mechanically, in the\nnon-retarded and retarded regimes.",
        "positive": "Fractal energy carpets in non-Hermitian Hofstadter quantum mechanics: We study the non-Hermitian Hofstadter dynamics of a quantum particle with\nbiased motion on a square lattice in the background of a magnetic field. We\nshow that in quasi-momentum space the energy spectrum is an overlap of\ninfinitely many inequivalent fractals. The energy levels in each fractal are\nspace-filling curves with Hausdorff dimension 2. The band structure of the\nspectrum is similar to a fractal spider net in contrast to the Hofstadter\nbutterfly for unbiased motion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Prediction of anomalous diffusion and algebraic relaxations for\n  long-range interacting systems, using classical statistical mechanics: We explain the ubiquity and extremely slow evolution of non gaussian\nout-of-equilibrium distributions for the Hamiltonian Mean-Field model, by means\nof traditional kinetic theory. Deriving the Fokker-Planck equation for a test\nparticle, one also unambiguously explains and predicts striking slow algebraic\nrelaxation of the momenta autocorrelation, previously found in numerical\nsimulations. Finally, angular anomalous diffusion are predicted for a large\nclass of initial distributions. Non Extensive Statistical Mechanics is shown to\nbe unnecessary for the interpretation of these phenomena.",
        "positive": "Multicritical phenomena in O(n_1)+O(n_2)-symmetric theories: We study the multicritical behavior arising from the competition of two\ndistinct types of ordering characterized by O(n) symmetries. For this purpose,\nwe consider the renormalization-group flow for the most general $O(n_1)\\oplus\nO(n_2)$-symmetric Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson Hamiltonian involving two fields\n$\\phi_1$ and $\\phi_2$ with $n_1$ and $n_2$ components respectively. In\nparticular, we determine in which cases, approaching the multicritical point,\none may observe the asymptotic enlargement of the symmetry to O(N) with\nN=n_1+n_2. By performing a five-loop $\\epsilon$-expansion computation we\ndetermine the fixed points and their stability. It turns out that for\nN=n_1+n_2\\ge 3 the O(N)-symmetric fixed point is unstable. For N=3, the\nmulticritical behavior is described by the biconal fixed point with critical\nexponents that are very close to the Heisenberg ones. For N\\ge 4 and any\nn_1,n_2 the critical behavior is controlled by the tetracritical decoupled\nfixed point. We discuss the relevance of these results for some physically\ninteresting systems, in particular for anisotropic antiferromagnets in the\npresence of a magnetic field and for high-T_c superconductors. Concerning the\nSO(5) theory of superconductivity, we show that the bicritical O(5) fixed point\nis unstable with a significant crossover exponent, $\\phi_{4,4}\\approx 0.15$;\nthis implies that the O(5) symmetry is not effectively realized at the point\nwhere the antiferromagnetic and superconducting transition lines meet. The\nmulticritical behavior is either governed by the tetracritical decoupled fixed\npoint or is of first-order type if the system is outside its attraction domain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation Theorem on Riemannian Manifold: Based on the covariant underdamped and overdamped Langevin equations with\nStratonovich coupling to multiplicative noises and the associated Fokker-Planck\nequations on Riemannian manifold, we present the first law of stochastic\nthermodynamics on the trajectory level. The corresponding fluctuation theorems\nare also established, with the total entropy production of the Brownian\nparticle and the heat reservoir playing the role of dissipation function.",
        "positive": "Preferential concentration vs. clustering in inertial particle transport\n  by random velocity fields: The concept of preferential concentration in the transport of inertial\nparticles by random velocity fields is extended to account for the possibility\nof zero correlation time and compressibility of the velocity field. It is shown\nthat, in the case of an uncorrelated in time random velocity field,\npreferential concentration takes the form of a condition on the field history\nleading to the current particle positions. This generalized form of\npreferential concentration appears to be a necessary condition for clustering\nin the uncorrelated in time case. The standard interpretation of preferential\nconcentration is recovered considering local time averages of the velocity\nfield. In the compressible case, preferential concentration occurs in regions\nof negative divergence of the field. In the incompressible case, it occurs in\nregions of simultaneously high strain and negative field skewness."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Charge fluctuations from molecular simulations in the constant-potential\n  ensemble: We revisit the statistical mechanics of charge fluctuations in capacitors. In\nconstant-potential classical molecular simulations, the atomic charge of\nelectrode atoms are treated as additional degrees of freedom which evolve in\ntime so as to satisfy the constraint of fixed electrostatic potential for each\nconfiguration of the electrolyte. The present work clarifies the role of the\noverall electroneutrality constraint, as well as the link between the averages\ncomputed within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and that of the full\nconstant-potential ensemble. This allows us in particular to derive a complete\nfluctuation-dissipation relation for the differential capacitance, that\nincludes a contribution from the charge fluctuations (around the charges\nsatisfying the constant-potential and electroneutrality constraints) also\npresent in the absence of an electrolyte. We provide a simple expression for\nthis contribution from the elements of the inverse of the matrix defining the\nquadratic form of the fluctuating charges in the energy. We then illustrate\nnumerically the validity of our results, and recover the expected result for an\nempty capacitor with structureless electrodes at large inter-electrode\ndistances. By considering a variety of liquids between graphite electrodes, we\nconfirm that this contribution to the total differential capacitance is small\ncompared to that induced by the thermal fluctuations of the electrolyte.",
        "positive": "Spatial signal amplification in cell biology: a lattice-gas model for\n  self-tuned phase ordering: Experiments show that the movement of eukaryotic cells is regulated by a\nprocess of phase separation of two competing enzymes on the cell membrane, that\neffectively amplifies shallow external gradients of chemical attractant.\nNotably, the cell is able to self-tune the final enzyme concentrations to an\nequilibrium state of phase coexistence, for a wide range of the average\nattractant concentration. We propose a simple lattice model in which, together\nwith a short-range attraction between enzymes, a long-range repulsion naturally\narises from physical considerations, that easily explains such observed\nbehavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of the critical Ising model with special toroidal\n  boundary conditions: The Ising model in two dimensions with special toroidal boundary conditions\nis analyzed. These boundary condition, which we call duality twisted boundary\nconditions, may be interpreted as inserting a specific defect line (\"seam\") in\nthe system, along non-contractible circles of the cylinder, before closing it\ninto a torus. We derive exact expressions for the eigenvalues of the transfer\nmatrix for the critical ferromagnetic Ising model on the M x N square lattice\nwrapped on the torus with a specific defect line. As result we have obtained\nanalytically the partition function for the Ising model with such boundary\nconditions. In the case of infinitely long cylinders of circumference L with\nduality twisted boundary conditions we obtain the asymptotic expansion of the\nfree energy and the inverse correlation lengths. We find that the ratio of\nsubdominant finite-size correction terms in the asymptotic expansion of the\nfree energy and the inverse correlation lengths should be universal. We verify\nsuch universal behavior in the framework of perturbating conformal approach by\ncalculating the universal structure constant Cn1n for descendent states\ngenerated by the operator product expansion (OPE) of the primary fields. For\nsuch states the calculations of the universal structure constants is difficult\ntask, since its involve the knowledge of the four-point correlation function,\nwhich in general does not fix by conformal invariance except for some\nparticular cases, including the Ising model.",
        "positive": "Inherent structures and non-equilibrium dynamics of 1D constrained\n  kinetic models: a comparison study: e discuss the relevance of the Stillinger and Weber approach to the glass\ntransition investigating the non-equilibrium behavior of models with\nnon-trivial dynamics, but with simple equilibrium properties. We consider a\nfamily of 1D constrained kinetic models, which interpolates between the\nasymmetric chain introduced by Eisinger and J\\\"ackle [Z. Phys. {\\bf B84}, 115\n(1991)] and the symmetric chain introduced by Fredrickson and Andersen [Phys.\nRev. Lett {\\bf 53}, 1244 (1984)], and the 1D version of the Backgammon model\n[Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 75}, 1190 (1995)]. We show that the configurational\nentropy obtained from the inherent structures is the same for all models\nirrespective of their different microscopic dynamics. We present a detailed\nstudy of the coarsening behavior of these models, including the relation\nbetween fluctuations and response. Our results suggest that any approach to the\nglass transition inspired by mean-field ideas and resting on the definition of\na configurational entropy must rely on the absence of any growing\ncharacteristic coarsening pattern."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "AnDi: The Anomalous Diffusion Challenge: The deviation from pure Brownian motion generally referred to as anomalous\ndiffusion has received large attention in the scientific literature to describe\nmany physical scenarios. Several methods, based on classical statistics and\nmachine learning approaches, have been developed to characterize anomalous\ndiffusion from experimental data, which are usually acquired as particle\ntrajectories. With the aim to assess and compare the available methods to\ncharacterize anomalous diffusion, we have organized the Anomalous Diffusion\n(AnDi) Challenge (\\url{http://www.andi-challenge.org/}). Specifically, the AnDi\nChallenge will address three different aspects of anomalous diffusion\ncharacterization, namely: (i) Inference of the anomalous diffusion exponent.\n(ii) Identification of the underlying diffusion model. (iii) Segmentation of\ntrajectories. Each problem includes sub-tasks for different number of\ndimensions (1D, 2D and 3D). In order to compare the various methods, we have\ndeveloped a dedicated open-source framework for the simulation of the anomalous\ndiffusion trajectories that are used for the training and test datasets. The\nchallenge was launched on March 1, 2020, and consists of three phases.\nCurrently, the participation to the first phase is open. Submissions will be\nautomatically evaluated and the performance of the top-scoring methods will be\nthoroughly analyzed and compared in an upcoming article.",
        "positive": "A multi-phase, multi-component critical equation of state: Realistic equations of state valid in the whole state space of a\nmulti-component mixture should satisfy at least three important constraints:\n(i) The Gibbs phase rule holds. (ii) At low densities, one can deduce a virial\nequation of state with the correct multi-component structure. (iii) Close to\ncritical points, plait points, and consolute points, the correct universality\nand scaling behavior is guaranteed.\n  This paper discusses semiempirical equations of state for mixtures that\nexpress the pressure as an explicit function of temperature and the chemical\npotentials. In the first part, expressions are derived for the most important\nthermodynamic quantities. The main result of the second part is the\nconstruction of a large family of equations of state with the properties\n(i)--(iii)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pre-relaxation in weakly interacting models: We consider time evolution in models close to integrable points with hidden\nsymmetries that generate infinitely many local conservation laws that do not\ncommute with one another. The system is expected to (locally) relax to a\nthermal ensemble if integrability is broken, or to a so-called generalised\nGibbs ensemble if unbroken. In some circumstances expectation values exhibit\nquasi-stationary behaviour long before their typical relaxation time. For\nintegrability-breaking perturbations, these are also called pre-thermalisation\nplateaux, and emerge e.g. in the strong coupling limit of the Bose-Hubbard\nmodel. As a result of the hidden symmetries, quasi-stationarity appears also in\nintegrable models, for example in the Ising limit of the XXZ model. We\ninvestigate a weak coupling limit, identify a time window in which the effects\nof the perturbations become significant and solve the time evolution through a\nmean-field mapping. As an explicit example we study the XYZ spin-$\\frac{1}{2}$\nchain with additional perturbations that break integrability. One of the most\nintriguing results of the analysis is the appearance of persistent oscillatory\nbehaviour. To unravel its origin, we study in detail a toy model: the\ntransverse-field Ising chain with an additional nonlocal interaction\nproportional to the square of the transverse spin per unit length [Phys. Rev.\nLett. 111, 197203 (2013)]. Despite being nonlocal, this belongs to a class of\nmodels that emerge as intermediate steps of the mean-field mapping and shares\nmany dynamical properties with the weakly interacting models under\nconsideration.",
        "positive": "Depletion-Controlled Starvation of a Diffusing Forager: We study the starvation of a lattice random walker in which each site\ninitially contains one food unit and the walker can travel $\\mathcal{S}$ steps\nwithout food before starving. When the walker encounters food, the food is\ncompletely eaten, and the walker can again travel $\\mathcal{S}$ steps without\nfood before starving. When the walker hits an empty site, the time until the\nwalker starves decreases by 1. In spatial dimension $d=1$, the average lifetime\nof the walker $<\\tau>\\propto \\mathcal{S}$, while for $d > 2$,\n$<\\tau>\\simeq\\exp(\\mathcal{S}^\\omega)$, with $\\omega\\to 1$ as $d\\to\\infty$. In\nthe marginal case of $d=2$, $<\\tau>\\propto \\mathcal{S}^z$, with $z\\approx 2$.\nLong-lived walks explore a highly ramified region so they always remains close\nto sources of food and the distribution of distinct sites visited does not obey\nsingle-parameter scaling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field theory of avalanche formation: Self-organizing system is studied whose behavior is governed by field of an\norder parameter, a fluctuation amplitude of conjugate field and a couple of\nGrassmannian conjugated fields that define the entropy as a control parameter.\nWithin the framework of self-consistent approach the dependencies of macro- and\nmicroscopic susceptibilities as well as memory and nonergodicity parameters are\ndetermined as a functions of the intensities of thermal and quenched disorders.\nMaking use of the sandpile model shows that proposed scheme determines the\nconditions of avalanches formation in self-organized criticality phenomena.",
        "positive": "Introduction To Monte Carlo Algorithms: In these lectures, given in '96 summer schools in Beg-Rohu (France) and\nBudapest, I discuss the fundamental principles of thermodynamic and dynamic\nMonte Carlo methods in a simple light-weight fashion. The keywords are MARKOV\nCHAINS, SAMPLING, DETAILED BALANCE, A PRIORI PROBABILITIES, REJECTIONS,\nERGODICITY, \"FASTER THAN THE CLOCK ALGORITHMS\".\n  The emphasis is on ORIENTATION, which is difficult to obtain (all the\nmathematics being simple). A firm sense of orientation helps to avoid getting\nlost, especially if you want to leave safe trodden-out paths established by\ncommon usage.\n  Even though I remain quite basic (and, I hope, readable), I make every effort\nto drive home the essential messages, which are easily explained: the\ncrystal-clearness of detail balance, the main problem with Markov chains, the\ngreat algorithmic freedom, both in thermodynamic and dynamic Monte Carlo, and\nthe fundamental differences between the two problems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on: \"Superscaling of Percolation on Rectangular Domains\": In [Watanabe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 190601 (2004)], the authors show\nnumerically that spanning and percolation probabilities in two-dimensional\nsystems with different aspect ratios obey a form of \"superscaling\". In this\ncomment, we would like to point out some difficulties with their proposed\nscaling ansatz and suggest why this remained undetected in their numerical\nanalysis.",
        "positive": "Continuum limit of amorphous elastic bodies: A finite-size study of low\n  frequency harmonic vibrations: The approach of the elastic continuum limit in small amorphous bodies formed\nby weakly polydisperse Lennard-Jones beads is investigated in a systematic\nfinite-size study. We show that classical continuum elasticity breaks down when\nthe wavelength of the sollicitation is smaller than a characteristic length of\napproximately 30 molecular sizes. Due to this surprisingly large effect\nensembles containing up to N=40,000 particles have been required in two\ndimensions to yield a convincing match with the classical continuum predictions\nfor the eigenfrequency spectrum of disk-shaped aggregates and periodic bulk\nsystems. The existence of an effective length scale \\xi is confirmed by the\nanalysis of the (non-gaussian) noisy part of the low frequency vibrational\neigenmodes. Moreover, we relate it to the {\\em non-affine} part of the\ndisplacement fields under imposed elongation and shear. Similar correlations\n(vortices) are indeed observed on distances up to \\xi~30 particle sizes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface Flows of Granular Mixtures: III. Canonical Model: We present the generalization of the minimal model for surface flows of\ngranular mixtures, proposed by Boutreux and de Gennes [J. Phys. I France 6,\n1295 (1996)]. The minimal model was valid for grains differing only in their\nsurface properties. The present model also takes into account differences in\nthe size of the grains. We apply the model to study segregation in\ntwo-dimensional silos of mixtures of grains differing in size and/or surface\nproperties. When the difference in size is small, the model predicts that a\ncontinuous segregation appears in the static phase during the filling of a\nsilo. When the difference in size is wide, we take into account the segregation\nof the grains in the rolling phase, and the model predicts complete segregation\nand stratification in agreement with experimental observations.",
        "positive": "Scaling properties of the number of random sequential adsorption\n  iterations needed to generate saturated random packing: The properties of the number of iterations in random sequential adsorption\nprotocol needed to generate finite saturated random packing of spherically\nsymmetric shapes were studied. Numerical results obtained for one, two, and\nthree dimensional packings were supported by analytical calculations valid for\nany dimension $d$. It has been shown that the number of iterations needed to\ngenerate finite saturated packing is subject to Pareto distribution with\nexponent $-1-1/d$ and the median of this distribution scales with packing size\naccording to the power-law characterized by exponent $d$. Obtained resultscan\nbe used in designing effective RSA simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-organized critical behavior and marginality in Ising spin glasses: We have studied numerically the states reached in a quench from various\ntemperatures in the one-dimensional fully-connected Kotliar, Anderson and Stein\nIsing spin glass model. This is a model where there are long-range interactions\nbetween the spins which falls off a\\ s a power $\\sigma$ of their separation. We\nhave made a detailed study in particular of the energies of the states reached\nin a quench from infinite temperature and their overlaps, including the spin\nglass susceptibility. In the regime where $\\sigma \\le 1/2$, where th\\ e model\nis similar to the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, we find that the spin glass\nsusceptibility diverges logarithmically with increasing $N$, the number of\nspins in the system, whereas for $\\sigma> 1/2$ it remains finite. We attribute\nthe behavior for $\\sigma \\le 1/\\ 2$ to \\emph {self-organized critical\nbehavior}, where the system after the quench is close to the transition between\nstates which have trivial overlaps and those with the non-trivial overlaps\nassociated with replica symmetry breaking. We have also found by studying the\nd\\ istribution of local fields that the states reached in the quench have\nmarginal stability but only when $\\sigma \\le 1/2$.",
        "positive": "Numerical study of the depinning transition of a ferromagnetic magnetic\n  domain wall in films: We report first principle numerical study of domain wall (DW) depinning in\ntwo-dimensional magnetic film, which is modeled by 2D random-field Ising system\nwith the dipole-dipole interaction. We observe nonconventional activation-type\nmotion of DW and reveal its fractal structure of DW near the depinning\ntransition. We determine scaling functions describing critical dynamics near\nthe transition and obtain universal exponents establishing connection between\nthermal softening of pinning potential and critical dynamics. We observe that\ntuning the strength of the dipole-dipole interaction switches DW dynamics\nbetween two different universality classes corresponding to two distinct\ndynamic regimes, motion in the random potential and that in the random force."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetics of a frictional granular motor: Within the framework of a Boltzmann-Lorentz equation, we analyze the dynamics\nof a granular rotor immersed in a bath of thermalized particles in the presence\nof a frictional torque on the axis. In numerical simulations of the equation,\nwe observe two scaling regimes at low and high bath temperatures. In the large\nfriction limit, we obtain the exact solution of a model corresponding to\nasymptotic behavior of the Boltzmann-Lorentz equation. In the limit of large\nrotor mass and small friction, we derive a Fokker-Planck equation for which the\nexact solution is also obtained.",
        "positive": "Generalized information-entropy measures and Fisher information: We show how Fisher's information already known particular character as the\nfundamental information geometric object which plays the role of a metric\ntensor for a statistical differential manifold, can be derived in a relatively\neasy manner through the direct application of a generalized logarithm and\nexponential formalism to generalized information-entropy measures. We shall\nfirst shortly describe how the generalization of information-entropy measures\nnaturally comes into being if this formalism is employed and recall how the\nrelation between all the information measures is best understood when described\nin terms of a particular logarithmic Kolmogorov-Nagumo average. Subsequently,\nextending Kullback-Leibler's relative entropy to all these measures defined on\na manifold of parametrized probability density functions, we obtain the metric\nwhich turns out to be the Fisher information matrix elements times a real\nmultiplicative deformation parameter. The metrics independence from the\nnon-extensive character of the system, and its proportionality to the rate of\nchange of the multiplicity under a variation of the statistical probability\nparameter space, emerges naturally in the frame of this representation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the thermodynamic limit of the 6-vertex model: We give a rigorous treatment to the thermodynamic limit of the 6-vertex\nmodel. We prove that the unique solution of the Bethe-Ansatz equation exists\nand the distribution of the roots converges to a continuum measure. We solve\nthis problem for $0<\\Delta<1$ using convexity arguments and for large negative\n$\\Delta$ using the Fixed Point Theory of appropriately defined contracting\noperator.",
        "positive": "$\\mathbf{Z}_{n}$ clock models and chains of $so(n)_2$ non-Abelian\n  anyons: symmetries, integrable points and low energy properties: We study two families of quantum models which have been used previously to\ninvestigate the effect of topological symmetries in one-dimensional correlated\nmatter. Various striking similarities are observed between certain\n$\\mathbf{Z}_n$ quantum clock models, spin chains generalizing the Ising model,\nand chains of non-Abelian anyons constructed from the $so(n)_2$ fusion category\nfor odd $n$, both subject to periodic boundary conditions. In spite of the\ndifferences between these two types of quantum chains, e.g.\\ their Hilbert\nspaces being spanned by tensor products of local spin states or fusion paths of\nanyons, the symmetries of the lattice models are shown to be closely related.\nFurthermore, under a suitable mapping between the parameters describing the\ninteraction between spins and anyons the respective Hamiltonians share part of\ntheir energy spectrum (although their degeneracies may differ). This spin-anyon\ncorrespondence can be extended by fine-tuning of the coupling constants leading\nto exactly solvable models. We show that the algebraic structures underlying\nthe integrability of the clock models and the anyon chain are the same. For\n$n=3,5,7$ we perform an extensive finite size study -- both numerical and based\non the exact solution -- of these models to map out their ground state phase\ndiagram and to identify the effective field theories describing their low\nenergy behaviour. We observe that the continuum limit at the integrable points\ncan be described by rational conformal field theories with extended symmetry\nalgebras which can be related to the discrete ones of the lattice models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Permeability of self-affine rough fractures: The permeability of two-dimensional fractures with self-affine fractal\nroughness is studied via analytic arguments and numerical simulations. The\nlimit where the roughness amplitude is small compared with average fracture\naperture is analyzed by a perturbation method, while in the opposite case of\nnarrow aperture, we use heuristic arguments based on lubrication theory.\nNumerical simulations, using the lattice Boltzmann method, are used to examine\nthe complete range of aperture sizes, and confirm the analytic arguments.",
        "positive": "An extended scaling analysis of the S=1/2 Ising ferromagnet on the\n  simple cubic lattice: It is often assumed that for treating numerical (or experimental) data on\ncontinuous transitions the formal analysis derived from the Renormalization\nGroup Theory can only be applied over a narrow temperature range, the \"critical\nregion\"; outside this region correction terms proliferate rendering attempts to\napply the formalism hopeless. This pessimistic conclusion follows largely from\na choice of scaling variables and scaling expressions which is traditional but\nwhich is very inefficient for data covering wide temperature ranges. An\nalternative \"extended caling\" approach can be made where the choice of scaling\nvariables and scaling expressions is rationalized in the light of well\nestablished high temperature series expansion developments. We present the\nextended scaling approach in detail, and outline the numerical technique used\nto study the 3d Ising model. After a discussion of the exact expressions for\nthe historic 1d Ising spin chain model as an illustration, an exhaustive\nanalysis of high quality numerical data on the canonical simple cubic lattice\n3d Ising model is given. It is shown that in both models, with appropriate\nscaling variables and scaling expressions (in which leading correction terms\nare taken into account where necessary), critical behavior extends from Tc up\nto infinite temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological gauge theory for mixed Dirac stationary states in all\n  dimensions: We derive the universal real time $U(1)$ topological gauge field action for\nmixed quantum states of weakly correlated fermions in all dimensions, and\ndemonstrate its independence of the underlying equilibrium or non-equilibrium\nnature of dynamics stabilizing the state. The key prerequisites are charge\nquantization and charge conservation. The gauge action encodes non-quantized\nlinear responses as expected for mixed states, but also quantized non-linear\nresponses, associated to mixed state topology and accessible in experiment. Our\nconstruction furthermore demonstrates how the physical pictures of anomaly\ninflow and bulk-boundary correspondence extend to non-equilibrium systems.",
        "positive": "Geodesic path for the minimal energy cost in shortcuts to isothermality: Shortcut to isothermality is a driving strategy to steer the system to its\nequilibrium states within finite time, and enables evaluating the impact of a\ncontrol promptly. Finding optimal scheme to minimize the energy cost is of\ncritical importance in applications of this strategy in pharmaceutical drug\ntest, biological selection, and quantum computation. We prove the equivalence\nbetween designing the optimal scheme and finding the geodesic path in the space\nof control parameters. Such equivalence allows a systematic and universal\napproach to find the optimal control to reduce the energy cost. We demonstrate\nthe current method with examples of a Brownian particle trapped in controllable\nharmonic potentials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards correlated random networks: A model of correlated random networks is examined, i.e. networks with\ncorrelations between the degrees of neighboring nodes. These nodes do not\nnecessarily have to be direct neighbors, the maximum range of the correlations\ncan be arbitrarily chosen. Two different methods for the creation of such\nnetworks are presented: one of them is a generalization of a well-known\nalgorithm by Maslov and Sneppen. The percolation threshold for the model is\ncalculated and the result is tested using analytically solvable examples and\nsimulations. In the end the principal importance of correlations and clustering\nfor the topology of networks is discussed. Using a straight-forward extension\nof the network model by Barabasi and Albert, it is shown how a\nclustering-coefficient independent of the network size can originate in growing\nnetworks.",
        "positive": "Large deviations for Markov processes with resetting: Markov processes restarted or reset at random times to a fixed state or\nregion in space have been actively studied recently in connection with random\nsearches, foraging, and population dynamics. Here we study the large deviations\nof time-additive functions or observables of Markov processes with resetting.\nBy deriving a renewal formula linking generating functions with and without\nresetting we are able to obtain the rate function of such observables,\ncharacterizing the likelihood of their fluctuations in the long-time limit. We\nconsider as an illustration the large deviations of the area of the\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck process with resetting. Other applications involving\ndiffusions, random walks, and jump processes with resetting or catastrophes are\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear Thermophoresis beyond Local Equilibrium Criterion: Thermophoresis (thermodiffusion, Soret effect) moves molecules along thermal\ngradients. We measure its phenomenological linear drift relation by single\nparticle tracking in convection-free settings. For moderate thermal gradients,\ndrift velocity depends linearly on the gradient. However, for strong thermal\ngradients, we find a nonlinear dependence of the drift on the applied gradient\nfor large Soret coefficient and particle radius. Interestingly, the onset of\nthe nonlinearity coincides with a local disequilibrium of the particle.\nNonlinear thermophoresis resolves several fundamental contradictions between\nthermophoretic experiments and theory.",
        "positive": "Superfluidity versus Disorder in the Discrete Nonlinear Schr\u00f6dinger\n  Equation: We study the discrete nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger equation (DNLS) in an annular\ngeometry with on-site defects. The dynamics of a traveling plane-wave maps onto\nan effective ''non-rigid pendulum'' Hamiltonian. The different regimes include\nthe complete reflection and refocusing of the initial wave, solitonic\nstructures, and a superfluid state. In the superfluid regime, which occurs\nabove a critical value of nonlinearity, a plane-wave travels coherently through\nthe randomly distributed defects. This superfluidity criterion for the DNLS is\nanalogous to (yet very different from) the Landau superfluidity criteria in\ntranslationally invariant systems. Experimental implications for the physics of\nBose-Einstein condensate gases trapped in optical potentials and of arrays of\noptical fibers are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Suppression of growth by multiplicative white noise in a parametric\n  resonant system: The author studied the growth of the amplitude in a Mathieu-like equation\nwith multiplicative white noise. The approximate value of the exponent at the\nextremum on parametric resonance regions was obtained theoretically by\nintroducing the width of time interval, and the exponents were calculated\nnumerically by solving the stochastic differential equations by a symplectic\nnumerical method. The Mathieu-like equation contains a parameter $\\alpha$ that\nis determined by the intensity of noise and the strength of the coupling\nbetween the variable and the noise. The value of $\\alpha$ was restricted not to\nbe negative without loss of generality. It was shown that the exponent\ndecreases with $\\alpha$, reaches a minimum and increases after that. It was\nalso found that the exponent as a function of $\\alpha$ has only one minimum at\n$\\alpha \\neq 0$ on parametric resonance regions of $\\alpha = 0$. This minimum\nvalue is obtained theoretically and numerically. The existence of the minimum\nat $\\alpha \\neq 0$ indicates the suppression of the growth by multiplicative\nwhite noise.",
        "positive": "Perturbation Expansion in Phase Ordering Kinetics: A consistent perturbation theory expansion is presented for phase ordering\nkinetics in the case of a nonconserved scalar order parameter. At lowest order\nin this formal expansion one obtains the theory due to Ohta, Jasnow and\nKawasaki (OJK). At next order, worked out explicitly in d dimensions, one has\nsmall corrections to the OJK result for the nonequilibrium exponent $\\lambda$\nand the introduction of a new exponent $\\nu$ governing the algebraic component\nof the decay of the order parameter scaling function at large scaled distances."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slip-Size Distribution and Self-Organized Criticality in Block-Spring\n  Models with Quenched Randomness: We study slowly pulling block-spring models in random media. Second-order\nphase transitions exist in a model pulled by a constant force in the case of\nvelocity-strengthening friction. If external forces are slowly increased,\nnearly critical states are self-organized. Slips of various sizes occur, and\nthe probability distributions of slip size roughly obey power laws. The\nexponent is close to that in the quenched Edwards--Wilkinson model.\nFurthermore, the slip-size distributions are investigated in cases of Coulomb\nfriction, velocity-weakening friction.",
        "positive": "Thermal measurements of stationary nonequilibrium systems: A test for\n  generalized thermostatistics: We show that a gas thermometer in contact with a stationary classical system\nout of thermal (Boltzmann) equilibrium evolves, under very general conditions,\ntowards a state characterized by a Levy velocity distribution. Our approach is\nbased on a kinetic-like equation that applies to a wide class of models for the\nsystem-thermometer interaction. The results clarify the role of non-exponential\nenergy distributions as possible generalizations of the Boltzmann distribution\nfor systems where the usual formulation of thermostatistics may not apply. In\nparticular, they show that the power-law distributions derived from Tsallis's\nnonextensive formalism are irrelevant to the stationary state of the\nthermometer, thus failing to give a consistent description of the\nsystem-thermometer equilibrium. We point out the need of a generalized\nthermostatistical formulation able to give a unified frame to Levy and Maxwell\ndistributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Epidemic outbreaks in complex heterogeneous networks: We present a detailed analytical and numerical study for the spreading of\ninfections in complex population networks with acquired immunity. We show that\nthe large connectivity fluctuations usually found in these networks strengthen\nconsiderably the incidence of epidemic outbreaks. Scale-free networks, which\nare characterized by diverging connectivity fluctuations, exhibit the lack of\nan epidemic threshold and always show a finite fraction of infected\nindividuals. This particular weakness, observed also in models without\nimmunity, defines a new epidemiological framework characterized by a highly\nheterogeneous response of the system to the introduction of infected\nindividuals with different connectivity. The understanding of epidemics in\ncomplex networks might deliver new insights in the spread of information and\ndiseases in biological and technological networks that often appear to be\ncharacterized by complex heterogeneous architectures.",
        "positive": "Dynamical quantum phase transitions: During recent years the interest to dynamics of quantum systems has grown\nconsiderably. Quantum many body systems out of equilibrium often manifest\nbehavior, different from the one predicted by standard statistical mechanics\nand thermodynamics in equilibrium. Since the dynamics of a many body quantum\nsystem typically involve many excited eigenstates, with a non-thermal\ndistribution, the time evolution of such a system provides an unique way for\ninvestigation of non-equilibrium quantum statistical mechanics. Last decade\nsuch new subjects like quantum quenches, thermalization, pre-thermalization,\nequilibration, generalized Gibbs ensemble, etc. are among the most attractive\ntopics of investigation in modern quantum physics. One of the most interesting\nthemes in the study of dynamics of quantum many-body systems out of equilibrium\nis connected with the recently proposed important concept of dynamical quantum\nphase transitions. During the last few years a great progress has been achieved\nin studying of those singularities in the time dependence of characteristics of\nquantum mechanical systems, in particular, in understanding how the quantum\ncritical points of equilibrium thermodynamics affect their dynamical\nproperties. Dynamical quantum phase transitions reveal universality, scaling,\nconnection to the topology, and many other interesting features. Here we review\nthe recent achievements of this quickly developing part of low temperature\nquantum physics. The study of dynamical quantum phase transitions is especially\nimportant in context of their connection to the problem of the modern theory of\nquantum information, where namely non-equilibrium dynamics of many-body quantum\nsystem plays the major role."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact ground states of a spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model on the\n  Shastry-Sutherland lattice in a magnetic field: Exact ground states of a spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model on the\nShastry-Sutherland lattice with Heisenberg intra-dimer and Ising inter-dimer\ncouplings are found by two independent rigorous procedures. The first method\nuses a unitary transformation to establish a mapping correspondence with an\neffective classical spin model, while the second method relies on the\nderivation of an effective hard-core boson model by continuous unitary\ntransformations. Both methods lead to equivalent effective Hamiltonians\nproviding a convincing proof that the spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model on the\nShastry-Sutherland lattice exhibits a zero-temperature magnetization curve with\njust two intermediate plateaus at one-third and one-half of the saturation\nmagnetization, which correspond to stripe and checkerboard orderings of\nsinglets and polarized triplets, respectively. The nature of the remarkable\nstripe order relevant to the one-third plateau is thoroughly investigated with\nthe help of the corresponding exact eigenvector. The rigorous results for the\nspin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model on the Shastry-Sutherland lattice are compared\nwith the analogous results for the purely classical Ising and fully quantum\nHeisenberg models. Finally, we discuss to what extent the critical fields of\nSrCu2(BO3)2 and (CuCl)Ca2Nb3O10 can be described within the suggested\nIsing-Heisenberg model.",
        "positive": "Mean Field Theory of Localization in the Fuse Model: We propose a mean field theory for the localization of damage in a\nquasistatic fuse model on a cylinder. Depending on the quenched disorder\ndistribution of the fuse thresholds, we show analytically that the system can\neither stay in a percolation regime up to breakdown, or start at some current\nlevel to localize starting from the smallest scale (lattice spacing), or\ninstead go to a diffuse localization regime where damage starts to concentrate\nin bands of width scaling as the width of the system, but remains diffuse at\nsmaller scales. Depending on the nature of the quenched disorder on the fuse\nthresholds, we derive analytically the phase diagram of the system separating\nthese regimes and the current levels for the onset of these possible\nlocalizations. We compare these predictions to numerical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Frequency clustering and disaggregation in idealized fractal tree: The pattern of formation of resonant frequency clusters in idealized\nsympodial dichasium trees is revealed by numerical modeling and analysis. The\nlarger cluster's cardinality correlates with that of a Small World Network,\nwhich share the same adjacency matrix. Topology and inherent symmetry of the\nstructure dictate compartmentalization of the modal characteristics and\nrobustness to perturbations to the limb geometry, and are not limited to a\nspecific allometry. When the spatial symmetry of the limb geometry is perturbed\nabove a certain level, we see percolation of the largest cluster.",
        "positive": "Measurement of Stochastic Entropy Production: Using fluorescence spectroscopy we directly measure entropy production of a\nsingle two-level system realized experimentally as an optically driven defect\ncenter in diamond. We exploit a recent suggestion to define entropy on the\nlevel of a single stochastic trajectory (Seifert, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 95},\n040602 (2005)). Entropy production can then be split into one of the system\nitself and one of the surrounding medium. We demonstrate that the total entropy\nproduction obeys various exact relations for finite time trajectories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enhancement of Coherent Response by Quenched Disorder: We investigate the effects of quenched disorder on the coherent response in a\ndriven system of coupled oscillators. In particular, the interplay between\nquenched noise and periodic driving is explored, with particular attention to\nthe possibility of resonance. The phase velocity is examined as the response of\nthe system; revealed is the enhancement of the fraction of oscillators locked\nto the periodic driving, displaying resonance behavior. It is thus concluded\nthat resonance behavior may also be induced by quenched disorder which does not\nhave time-dependent correlations.",
        "positive": "Entanglement entropy in aperiodic singlet phases: We study the average entanglement entropy of blocks of contiguous spins in\naperiodic XXZ chains which possess an aperiodic singlet phase at least in a\ncertain limit of the coupling ratios. In this phase, where the ground state\nconstructed by a real space renormalization group method, consists\n(asymptotically) of independent singlet pairs, the average entanglement entropy\nis found to be a piecewise linear function of the block size. The enveloping\ncurve of this function is growing logarithmically with the block size, with an\neffective central charge in front of the logarithm which is characteristic for\nthe underlying aperiodic sequence. The aperiodic sequence producing the largest\neffective central charge is identified, and the latter is found to exceed the\ncentral charge of the corresponding homogeneous model. For marginal aperiodic\nmodulations, numerical investigations performed for the XX model show a\nlogarithmic dependence, as well, with an effective central charge varying\ncontinuously with the coupling ratio."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An integrable spin chain with Hilbert space fragmentation and solvable\n  real time dynamics: We revisit the so-called folded XXZ model, which was treated earlier by two\nindependent research groups. We argue that this spin-1/2 chain is one of the\nsimplest quantum integrable models, yet it has quite remarkable physical\nproperties. The particles have constant scattering lengths, which leads to a\nsimple treatment of the exact spectrum and the dynamics of the system. The\nHilbert space of the model is fragmented, leading to exponentially large\ndegeneracies in the spectrum, such that the exponent depends on the particle\ncontent of a given state. We provide an alternative derivation of the\nHamiltonian and the conserved charges of the model, including a new\ninterpretation of the so-called \"dual model\" considered earlier. We also\nconstruct a non-local map that connects the model with the Maassarani-Mathieu\nspin chain, also known as the SU(3) XX model. We consider the exact solution of\nthe model with periodic and open boundary conditions, and also derive multiple\ndescriptions of the exact thermodynamics of the model. We consider quantum\nquenches of different types. In one class of problems the dynamics can be\ntreated relatively easily: we compute an example for the real time dependence\nof a local observable. In another class of quenches the degeneracies of the\nmodel lead to the breakdown of equilibration, and we argue that they can lead\nto persistent oscillations. We also discuss connections with the $T\\bar T$- and\nhard rod deformations known from Quantum Field Theories.",
        "positive": "Homotopy analysis method for stochastic differential equations: The homotopy analysis method known from its successful applications to obtain\nquasi-analytical approximations of solutions of ordinary and partial\ndifferential equations is applied to stochastic differential equations with\nGaussian stochastic forces and to the Fokker-Planck equations. Only the\nsimplest non-trivial examples of such equations are considered, but such that\nthey can almost immediately be translated to those which appear in the\nstochastic quantization of a nonlinear scalar field theory. It has been found\nthat the homotopy analysis method yields excellent agreement with exact results\n(when the latter are available) and appears to be a very promising approach in\nthe calculations related to quantum field theory and quantum statistical\nmechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transient Nucleation near the Mean-Field Spinodal: Nucleation is considered near the pseudospinodal in a one-dimensional\n$\\phi^4$ model with a non-conserved order parameter and long-range\ninteractions. For a sufficiently large system or a system with slow relaxation\nto metastable equilibrium, there is a non-negligible probability of nucleation\noccurring before reaching metastable equilibrium. This process is referred to\nas transient nucleation. The critical droplet is defined to be the\nconfiguration of maximum likelihood that is dynamically balanced between the\nmetastable and stable wells. Time-dependent droplet profiles and nucleation\nrates are derived, and theoretical results are compared to computer simulation.\nThe analysis reveals a distribution of nucleation times with a distinct peak\ncharacteristic of a nonstationary nucleation rate. Under the quench conditions\nemployed, transient critical droplets are more compact than the droplets found\nin metastable equilibrium simulations and theoretical predictions.",
        "positive": "Coarse Nonlinear Dynamics and Metastability of Filling-Emptying\n  Transitions: Water in Carbon Nanotubes: Using a Coarse-grained Molecular Dynamics (CMD) approach we study the\napparent nonlinear dynamics of water molecules filling/emptying carbon\nnanotubes as a function of system parameters. Different levels of the pore\nhydrophobicity give rise to tubes that are empty, water-filled, or fluctuate\nbetween these two long-lived metastable states. The corresponding\ncoarse-grained free energy surfaces and their hysteretic parameter dependence\nare explored by linking MD to continuum fixed point and bifurcation algorithms.\nThe results are validated through equilibrium MD simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Zero-temperature equation of state of two-dimensional 3He: The equation of state of two-dimensional $^3$He at zero temperature has been\ncalculated using the diffusion Monte Carlo method. By means of a combination of\nthe fixed-node and released-node techniques it is shown that backflow\ncorrelations provide a very accurate equation of state. The results prove\nunambiguously the non-self-bound character of two-dimensional $^3$He due to its\nFermi statistics. We present solid evidence that the gas phase, predicted for\nthe two-dimensional system, can be extrapolated to the case of $^3$He adsorbed\non a strong substrate like graphite.",
        "positive": "Uniform quantized electron gas: Radiation corrections: In this paper we analyze how radiation effects influence the correlation\nfunctions, the excess energy, and in turn the electron correlation energy of\nthe quantized electron gas at temperature $T=0$. To that aim we resort to a\nstatistical mechanical description of the quantum problem of electron\ncorrelations, based on the path integral formalism. In previous works we\nstudied and found accurate results for the usual situation with the\nelectrostatic Coulomb interaction. Here the additional problem with radiation\nis taken into account. This is facilitated by the equivalence to a dielectric\nfluid for which correlation functions for dipolar moments are established. From\nthese functions follows the usual density-density (or charge-charge)\ncorrelation function needed for the longitudinal electrostatic problem, and in\naddition the one needed for the transverse radiation problem. While\nelectrostatic excess energy is negative, the transverse one is positive. This\nquantity is small and decreases rapidly for decreasing densities. However, for\nhigh densities it approaches the electrostatic contribution, eventually\nbecoming even larger. The part of the transverse energy from induced\ncorrelations turns out to be very small. Also, the non-local longitudinal and\ntransverse dielectric constants of the electron gas are identified from the\ninduced correlation functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Different measures for characterizing the motion of molecules along a\n  temperature gradient: We study the motion of a Brownian particle in a medium with inhomogeneous\ntemperature. In the overdamped regime of low Reynolds numbers, the probability\ndistribution function (PDF) of the particle is obtained from the van Kampen\ndiffusion equation [J. Phys. Chem. Solids {\\bf 49}, 673 (1988)]. The\nthermophoretic behavior is commonly described by the Soret coefficient - a\nparameter which can be calculated from the steady-state PDF. Motivated by\nrecent advances in experimental methods for observing and analyzing single\nnano-particle trajectories, we here consider the time-dependent van Kampen\nequation from which the temporal evolution of the PDF of individual particles\ncan be derived. We analytically calculate the PDF describing dynamics driven by\na generalized thermophoretic force. Single particles statistics is\ncharacterized by measures like the mean displacement (drift) and the\nprobability difference between moving along and against the temperature\ngradient (bias). We demonstrate that these quantities do not necessarily have\nthe same sign as the Soret coefficient, which causes ambiguity in the\ndistinction between thermophilic and thermophobic response (i.e., migration in\nand against the direction of the temperature gradient). The different factors\ndetermining the thermophoretic response and their influence on each measure are\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo simulation of entropy-driven pattern formation in\n  two-dimensional system of rectangular particles: We simulated random walk of rectangular particles on a square lattice with\nperiodic boundary conditions. Two kind of particles were investigated, viz.,\nso-called `blind' and `myopic' particles. We found that steady state patterns\noccurred only for some values of the ratio $L_x/L_y$ where $L_x$ and $Ly$ are\nthe linear sizes of the system and only for `needles', i.e., the particles of\nsize $1 \\times k$. Different patterns were observed for `blind' and `myopic'\nparticles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Many-Body Dephasing in a Trapped-Ion Quantum Simulator: How a closed interacting quantum many-body system relaxes and dephases as a\nfunction of time is a fundamental question in thermodynamic and statistical\nphysics. In this work, we analyse and observe the persistent temporal\nfluctuations after a quantum quench of a tunable long-range interacting\ntransverse-field Ising Hamiltonian realized with a trapped-ion quantum\nsimulator. We measure the temporal fluctuations in the average magnetization of\na finite-size system of spin-$1/2$ particles. We experiment in a regime where\nthe properties of the system are closely related to the integrable Hamiltonian\nwith global spin-spin coupling, which enables analytical predictions even for\nthe long-time non-integrable dynamics. The analytical expression for the\ntemporal fluctuations predicts the exponential suppression of temporal\nfluctuations with increasing system size. Our measurement data is consistent\nwith our theory predicting the regime of many-body dephasing.",
        "positive": "Return probability for the loop-erased random walk and mean height in\n  sandpile : a proof: Single site height probabilities in the Abelian sandpile model, and the\ncorresponding mean height $<h>$, are directly related to the probability\n$P_{\\rm ret}$ that a loop erased random walk passes through a nearest neighbour\nof the starting site (return probability). The exact values of these quantities\non the square lattice have been conjectured, in particular $<h> = 25/8$ and\n$P_{\\rm ret} = 5/16$. We provide a rigourous proof of this conjecture by using\na {\\it local} monomer-dimer formulation of these questions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagrams, quantum correlations and critical phenomena of\n  antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on diamond-type hierarchical lattices: The spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg systems are studied on three\ntypical diamond-type hierarchical lattices (systems A, B and C) with fractal\ndimensions 1.63, 2 and 2.58, respectively, and the phase diagrams, critical\nphenomena and quantum correlations are calculated by a combination of the\nequivalent transformation and real-space renormalization group methods. We find\nthat there exist a reentrant behavior for system A and a finite temperature\ntransition in the isotropic Heisenberg limit for system C (not for system B).\nUnlike the ferromagnetic case, the Neel temperatures of antiferromagnetic\nsystems A and B are inversely proportional to ln(Delta_c-Delta) (when\nDelta->Delta_c) and ln Delta (when Delta->0), respectively. And we also find\nthat there is a turning point of quantum correlation in the isotropic\nHeisenberg limit Delta=0 where there is a peak of the contour and no matter how\nlarge the size of system is, quantum correlation will change to zero in the\nIsing limit for the three systems. The quantum correlation decreases with the\nincrease of lattice size L and it is almost zero when L>=30 for system A, and\nfor systems B and C, they still exist when L is larger than that of system A.\nMoreover, as an example, we discuss the error of result in system A, which is\ninduced by the noncommutativity.",
        "positive": "Random walks in weighted networks with a perfect trap: An application of\n  Laplacian spectra: In this paper, we propose a general framework for the trapping problem on a\nweighted network with a perfect trap fixed at an arbitrary node. By utilizing\nthe spectral graph theory, we provide an exact formula for mean first-passage\ntime (MFPT) from one node to another, based on which we deduce an explicit\nexpression for average trapping time (ATT) in terms of the eigenvalues and\neigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix associated with the weighted graph, where\nATT is the average of MFPTs to the trap over all source nodes. We then further\nderive a sharp lower bound for the ATT in terms of only the local information\nof the trap node, which can be obtained in some graphs. Moreover, we deduce the\nATT when the trap is distributed uniformly in the whole network. Our results\nshow that network weights play a significant role in the trapping process. To\napply our framework, we use the obtained formulas to study random walks on two\nspecific networks: trapping in weighted uncorrelated networks with a deep trap,\nthe weights of which are characterized by a parameter, and L\\'evy random walks\nin a connected binary network with a trap distributed uniformly, which can be\nlooked on as random walks on a weighted network. For weighted uncorrelated\nnetworks we show that the ATT to any target node depends on the weight\nparameter, that is, the ATT to any node can change drastically by modifying the\nparameter, a phenomenon that is in contrast to that for trapping in binary\nnetworks. For L\\'evy random walks in any connected network, by using their\nequivalence to random walks on a weighted complete network, we obtain the\noptimal exponent characterizing L\\'evy random walks, which have the minimal\naverage of ATTs taken over all target nodes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spontaneous Jamming in One-Dimensional Systems: We study the phenomenon of jamming in driven diffusive systems. We introduce\na simple microscopic model in which jamming of a conserved driven species is\nmediated by the presence of a non-conserved quantity, causing an effective long\nrange interaction of the driven species. We study the model analytically and\nnumerically, providing strong evidence that jamming occurs; however, this\nproceeds via a strict phase transition (with spontaneous symmetry breaking)\nonly in a prescribed limit. Outside this limit, the nearby transition\n(characterised by an essential singularity) induces sharp crossovers and\ntransient coarsening phenomena. We discuss the relevance of the model to two\nphysical situations: the clustering of buses, and the clogging of a suspension\nforced along a pipe.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in a system of hard rectangles on the square lattice: The phase diagram of a system of monodispersed hard rectangles of size\n$m\\times m k$ on a square lattice is numerically determined for $m=2,3$ and\naspect ratio $k= 1,2,\\ldots, 7$. We show the existence of a disordered phase, a\nnematic phase with orientational order, a columnar phase with orientational and\npartial translational order, and a solid-like phase with sublattice order, but\nno orientational order. The asymptotic behavior of the phase boundaries for\nlarge $k$ are determined using a combination of entropic arguments and a Bethe\napproximation. This allows us to generalize the phase diagram to larger $m$ and\n$k$, showing that for $k \\geq 7 $, the system undergoes three entropy driven\nphase transitions with increasing density. The nature of the different phase\ntransitions are established and the critical exponents for the continuous\ntransitions are determined using finite size scaling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Models on a Ring and Quadratic Algebras. The Three Species\n  Diffusion Problem: The stationary state of a stochastic process on a ring can be expressed using\ntraces of monomials of an associative algebra defined by quadratic relations.\nIf one considers only exclusion processes one can restrict the type of algebras\nand obtain recurrence relations for the traces. This is possible only if the\nrates satisfy certain compatibility conditions. These conditions are derived\nand the recurrence relations solved giving representations of the algebras.",
        "positive": "Improved bound on entropy production in a quantum annealer: For a system described by a multivariate probability density function obeying\nthe fluctuation theorem, the average dissipation is lower-bounded by the degree\nof asymmetry of the marginal distributions (namely the relative entropy between\nthe marginal and its mirror image). We formally prove that such lower bound is\ntighter than the recently reported bound expressed in terms of the precision of\nthe marginal (i.e., the thermodynamic uncertainty relation) and is saturable.\nWe illustrate the result with examples and we apply it to achieve the most\naccurate experimental estimation of dissipation associated to quantum annealing\nto date."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy Governed by the Absorbing State of Directed Percolation: We investigate the informational aspect of (1+1)-dimensional directed\npercolation, a canonical model of a nonequilibrium continuous transition to a\nphase dominated by a single special state called the \"absorbing\" state. Using a\ntensor network scheme, we numerically calculate the time evolution of state\nprobability distribution of directed percolation. We find a universal\nrelaxation of Renyi entropy at the absorbing phase transition point as well as\na new singularity in the active phase, slightly but distinctly away from the\nabsorbing transition point. At the new singular point, the second-order Renyi\nentropy has a clear cusp. There we also detect a singular behavior of\n\"entanglement entropy,\" defined by regarding the probability distribution as a\nwave function. The entanglement entropy vanishes below the singular point and\nstays finite above. We confirm that the absorbing state, though its occurrence\nis exponentially rare in the active phase, is responsible for these phenomena.\nThis interpretation provides us with a unified understanding of time evolution\nof the Renyi entropy at the critical point as well as in the active phase.",
        "positive": "General model for Apollonian networks: We introduce a general deterministic model for Apollonian Networks in an\niterative fashion. The networks have small-world effect and scale-free\ntopology. We calculate the exact results for the degree exponent, the\nclustering coefficient and the diameter. The major points of our results\nindicate that (a) the degree exponent can be adjusted in a wide range, (b) the\nclustering coefficient of each individual vertex is inversely proportional to\nits degree and the average clustering coefficient of all vertices approaches to\na nonzero value in the infinite network order, and (c) the diameter grows\nlogarithmically with the number of network vertices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasi-stationary states in nonlocal stochastic growth models with\n  infinitely many absorbing states: We study a two parameter ($u,p$) extension of the conformally invariant raise\nand peel model. The model also represents a nonlocal and biased-asymmetric\nexclusion process with local and nonlocal jumps of excluded volume particles in\nthe lattice. The model exhibits an unusual and interesting critical phase\nwhere, in the bulk limit, there are an infinite number of absorbing states. In\nspite of these absorbing states the system stays, during a time that increases\nexponentially with the lattice size, in a critical quasi-stationary state. In\nthis critical phase the critical exponents depend only on one of the parameters\ndefining the model ($u$). The endpoint of this critical phase belongs to a\ndistinct universality class, where the system changes from an active to an\ninactive frozen state. This new behavior we believe to be due to the appearance\nof Jordan cells in the Hamiltonian describing the time evolution. The\ndimensions of these cells increases with the lattice size. In a special case\n($u=0$) where the model has no adsorptions we are able to calculate\nanalytically the time evolution of some of the observables. A polynomial time\ndependence is obtained due to the Jordan cells structure of the Hamiltonian.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium statistical field theory for classical particles:\n  Initially correlated grand canonical ensembles: It was recently shown by Bartelmann et al. how correlated initial conditions\ncan be introduced into the statistical field theory for classical particles\npioneered by Das and Mazenko. In this paper we extend this development from the\ncanonical to the grand canonical ensemble for a system satisfying statistical\nhomogeneity and isotropy. We do this by translating the probability\ndistribution for the initial phase space coordinates of the particles into an\neasy diagrammatic representation and then using a variant of the Mayer cluster\nexpansion to sum over particle numbers. The grand canonical generating\nfunctional is then used in a structured approach to the derivation of the\nnon-interacting cumulants of the two core collective fields, the density $\\rho$\nand the response field $B$. As a side-product we find several theorems\npertaining to these cumulants which will be useful when investigating the\ninteracting regime of the theory in future work."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Parametric Reduced Models for the Nonlinear Schr\u00f6dinger Equation: Reduced models for the (defocusing) nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger equation are\ndeveloped. In particular, we develop reduced models that only involve the\nlow-frequency modes given noisy observations of these modes. The ansatz of the\nreduced parametric models are obtained by employing a rational approximation\nand a colored noise approximation, respectively, on the memory terms and the\nrandom noise of a generalized Langevin equation that is derived from the\nstandard Mori-Zwanzig formalism. The parameters in the resulting reduced models\nare inferred from noisy observations with a recently developed ensemble Kalman\nfilter-based parameterization method. The forecasting skill across different\ntemperature regimes are verified by comparing the moments up to order four, a\ntwo-time correlation function statistics, and marginal densities of the\ncoarse-grained variables.",
        "positive": "Relevant spontaneous magnetization relations for the triangular and the\n  cubic lattice Ising model: The spontaneous magnetization relations for the 2D triangular and the 3D\ncubic lattices of the Ising model are derived by a new tractable easily\ncalculable mathematical method. The result obtained for the triangular lattice\nis compared with the already available result to test and investigate the\nrelevance the new mathematical method. From this comparison, it is seen that\nthe agreement of our result is almost the same or almost equivalent to the\npreviously obtained exact result. The new approach is, then, applied to the\nlong-standing 3D cubic lattice, and the corresponding expression for the\nspontaneous magnetism is derived. The relation obtained is compared with the\nalready existing numerical results for the 3D lattice. The essence of the\nmethod going to used in this paper is based on exploiting the main\ncharacteristic of the order parameter of a second order phase transition which\nprovides a more direct physical insight into the calculation of the spontaneous\nmagnetization of the Ising model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Point process model of 1/f noise versus a sum of Lorentzians: We present a simple point process model of $1/f^{\\beta}$ noise, covering\ndifferent values of the exponent $\\beta$. The signal of the model consists of\npulses or events. The interpulse, interevent, interarrival, recurrence or\nwaiting times of the signal are described by the general Langevin equation with\nthe multiplicative noise and stochastically diffuse in some interval resulting\nin the power-law distribution. Our model is free from the requirement of a wide\ndistribution of relaxation times and from the power-law forms of the pulses. It\ncontains only one relaxation rate and yields $1/f^ {\\beta}$ spectra in a wide\nrange of frequency. We obtain explicit expressions for the power spectra and\npresent numerical illustrations of the model. Further we analyze the relation\nof the point process model of $1/f$ noise with the Bernamont-Surdin-McWhorter\nmodel, representing the signals as a sum of the uncorrelated components. We\nshow that the point process model is complementary to the model based on the\nsum of signals with a wide-range distribution of the relaxation times. In\ncontrast to the Gaussian distribution of the signal intensity of the sum of the\nuncorrelated components, the point process exhibits asymptotically a power-law\ndistribution of the signal intensity. The developed multiplicative point\nprocess model of $1/f^{\\beta}$ noise may be used for modeling and analysis of\nstochastic processes in different systems with the power-law distribution of\nthe intensity of pulsing signals.",
        "positive": "Flux flow noise and braided rivers of superconducting vortices: Current-voltage measurements of type-II superconductors are described by a\ncoarse-grained model of superconducting vortex dynamics. We find that the power\nspectra of the voltage fluctuations, and the noise power, are related to the\nlarge scale morphology of the plastic flux flow. At currents corresponding to\nthe peak in differential resistance, the flux flow forms a braided river, the\nnoise power is maximal, and the power spectra has a 1/f^{\\alpha} form with\n\\alpha \\approx 1.8 over a wide frequency range. This agrees with recent\nexperiments on NbSe_2. The observed variation of \\alpha with applied current is\na crossover phenomenon."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological data analysis of continuum percolation with disks: We study continuum percolation with disks, a variant of continuum percolation\nin two-dimensional Euclidean space, by applying tools from topological data\nanalysis. We interpret each realization of continuum percolation with disks as\na topological subspace of $[0,1]^2$ and investigate its topological features\nacross many realizations. We apply persistent homology to investigate\ntopological changes as we vary the number and radius of disks. We observe\nevidence that the longest persisting invariant is born at or near the\npercolation transition.",
        "positive": "Learning the best thermoelectric nanoscale heat engines through evolving\n  network topology: The quest to identify the best heat engine has been at the center of science\nand technology. Thermoelectric nanoscale heat engines convert heat flows into\nuseful work in the form of electrical power and promise the realization of\non-chip power production. Considerable studies have so far revealed the\npotentials to yield an enhanced efficiency originating from quantum confinement\neffects and energy-dependent transport properties. However, the full benefit of\nmany-body interactions in thermoelectric is yet to be investigated; identifying\nthe optimal interaction is a hard problem due to combinatorial explosion of the\nsearch space, which makes brute-force searches infeasible. Here we tackle this\nproblem with reinforcement learning of network topology in interacting\nelectronic systems, and identify a set of the best thermoelectric nanoscale\nengines. Harnessing many-body interactions, we show that the maximum possible\nvalues of the thermoelectric figure of merit and the power factor can be\nenhanced by orders of magnitudes for generic single-electron levels. This\nallows for simple and flexible design of realizing the asymptotic Carnot\nefficiency with subextensive, but still nonzero and stable power. To realize\nthe optimal nanoscale engines, we propose concrete physical setups based on\nquantum-dot arrays. The developed framework of reinforcement learning through\nevolving network topology thus enables one to identify full potential of\nnanoscale systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boltzmann sampling with quantum annealers via fast Stein correction: Despite the attempts to apply a quantum annealer to Boltzmann sampling, it is\nstill impossible to perform accurate sampling at arbitrary temperatures.\nConventional distribution correction methods such as importance sampling and\nresampling cannot be applied, because the analytical expression of sampling\ndistribution is unknown for a quantum annealer. Stein correction (Liu and Lee,\n2017) can correct the samples by weighting without the knowledge of the\nsampling distribution, but the naive implementation requires the solution of a\nlarge-scale quadratic program, hampering usage in practical problems. In this\nletter, a fast and approximate method based on random feature map and\nexponentiated gradient updates is developed to compute the sample weights, and\nused to correct the samples generated by D-Wave quantum annealers. In\nbenchmarking problems, it is observed that the residual error of thermal\naverage calculations is reduced significantly. If combined with our method,\nquantum annealers may emerge as a viable alternative to long-established Markov\nchain Monte Carlo methods.",
        "positive": "A molecular dynamics \"Maxwell Demon\" experiment for granular mixtures: We report a series of molecular dynamics simulations and investigate the\npossibility to separate a granular mixture of inelastic hard spheres by\nvigorously shaking it in a box made of two connected compartments. As its\none-component counterpart, the system exhibits a ``left-right'' symmetry\nbreaking entirely due to the inelasticity of grain-grain collisions, and\ntriggered by increasing the number of particles. In the compartment where the\ndensity of grains is larger, we observe a partial segregation with a\npredominance of heavy particles. However, this compartment still has a higher\ndensity of light particles than the other one, which is light-rich. The\ndensity, granular temperature and anisotropic pressure profiles are monitored.\nWe also discuss how to construct a relevant order parameter for this transition\nand show that the resulting bifurcation diagram is dominated by large\nfluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Decomposing the local arrow of time in interacting systems: We show that the evidence for a local arrow of time, which is equivalent to\nthe entropy production in thermodynamic systems, can be decomposed. In a system\nwith many degrees of freedom, there is a term that arises from the irreversible\ndynamics of the individual variables, and then a series of non--negative terms\ncontributed by correlations among pairs, triplets, and higher--order\ncombinations of variables. We illustrate this decomposition on simple models of\nnoisy logical computations, and then apply it to the analysis of patterns of\nneural activity in the retina as it responds to complex dynamic visual scenes.\nWe find that neural activity breaks detailed balance even when the visual\ninputs do not, and that this irreversibility arises primarily from interactions\nbetween pairs of neurons.",
        "positive": "On Reduction of Critical Velocity in a Model of Superfluid Bose-gas with\n  Boundary Interactions: The existence of superfluidity in a 3D Bose-gas can depend on boundary\ninteractions with channel walls. We study a simple model where the dilute\nmoving Bose-gas interacts with the walls via hard-core repulsion. Special\nboundary excitations are introduced, and their excitation spectrum is\ncalculated within a semiclassical approximation. It turns out that the state of\nthe moving Bose-gas is unstable with respect to the creation of these boundary\nexcitations in the system gas + walls, i.e. the critical velocity vanishes in\nthe semiclassical (Bogoliubov) approximation. We discuss how a condensate wave\nfunction, the boundary excitation spectrum and, hence, the value of the\ncritical velocity can change in more realistic models, in which ``smooth''\nattractive interaction between the gas and walls is taken into account. Such a\nsurface mode could exist in ``soft matter'' containers with flexible walls."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complete catalog of ground-state diagrams for the general three-state\n  lattice-gas model with nearest-neighbor interactions on a square lattice: The ground states of the general three-state lattice-gas (equivalently, $S=1$\nIsing) model with nearest-neighbor interactions on a square lattice are\nexplored in the full, five-dimensional parameter space of three interaction\nconstants and two generalized chemical potentials or fields. The resulting,\ncomplete catalog of fifteen topologically different ground-state diagrams\n(zero-temperature phase diagrams) is discussed in both lattice-gas and\nIsing-spin language. The results extend those of a recent study in a reduced\nparameter space [V. F. Fefelov, et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20,\n10359--10368], which identified six different ground-state diagrams.",
        "positive": "Gibbs Distribution From Sequentially Predictive Form of the Second Law: We propose a prequential or sequentially predictive formulation of the work\nextraction where an external agent repeats the extraction of work from a heat\nengine by cyclic operations based on his predictive strategy. We show that if\nwe impose the second law of thermodynamics in this situation, the empirical\ndistribution of the initial microscopic states of the engine must converge to\nthe Gibbs distribution of the initial Hamiltonian under some strategy, even\nthough no probability distribution are assumed. We also propose a protocol\nwhere the agent can change only a small number of control parameters linearly\ncoupled to the conjugate variables. We find that in the restricted situation\nthe prequential form of the second law of thermodynamics implies the strong law\nof large numbers of the conjugate variables with respect to the control\nparameters. Finally, we provide a game-theoretic interpretation of our\nformulation and find that the prequential work extraction can be interpreted as\na testing procedure for random number generator of the Gibbs distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermalization slowing down in multidimensional Josephson junction\n  networks: We characterize thermalization slowing-down of Josephson junction networks in\n1, 2 and 3 spatial dimensions for systems with hundreds of sites by computing\ntheir entire Lyapunov spectra. The ratio of Josephson coupling $E_J$ to energy\ndensity $h$ controls two different universality classes of thermalization\nslowing-down, namely the weak coupling regime, $E_J/h \\rightarrow 0$, and the\nstrong coupling regime, $E_J/h \\rightarrow \\infty$. We analyze the Lyapunov\nspectrum by measuring the largest Lyapunov exponent and by fitting the rescaled\nspectrum with a general ansatz. We then extract two scales: the Lyapunov time\n(inverse of the largest exponent) and the exponent for the decay of the\nrescaled spectrum. The two universality classes, which exist irrespective of\nnetwork dimension, are characterized by different ways the extracted scales\ndiverge. The universality class corresponding to the weak-coupling regime\nallows for the coexistence of chaos with a large number of near-conserved\nquantities and is shown to be characterized by universal critical exponents, in\ncontrast with the strong-coupling regime. We expect our findings, which we\nexplain using perturbation theory arguments, to be a general feature of diverse\nHamiltonian systems.",
        "positive": "Quantum Phase Transitions of Hard-Core Bosons in Background Potentials: We study the zero temperature phase diagram of hard core bosons in two\ndimensions subjected to three types of background potentials: staggered,\nuniform, and random. In all three cases there is a quantum phase transition\nfrom a superfluid (at small potential) to a normal phase (at large potential),\nbut with different universality classes. As expected, the staggered case\nbelongs to the XY universality, while the uniform potential induces a mean\nfield transition. The disorder driven transition is clearly different from\nboth; in particular, we find z~1.4, \\nu~1, and \\beta~0.6."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Quench from a Thermal Initial State: We consider a quantum quench in a system of free bosons, starting from a\nthermal initial state. As in the case where the system is initially in the\nground state, any finite subsystem eventually reaches a stationary thermal\nstate with a momentum-dependent effective temperature. We find that this can,\nin some cases, even be lower than the initial temperature. We also study\nlattice effects and discuss more general types of quenches.",
        "positive": "PT breaking and RG flows between multicritical Yang-Lee fixed points: We study a novel class of Renormalization Group flows which connect\nmulticritical versions of the two-dimensional Yang-Lee edge singularity\ndescribed by the conformal minimal models M(2,2n+3). The absence in these\nmodels of an order parameter implies that the flows towards and between\nLee-Yang edge singularities are all related to the spontaneous breaking of PT\nsymmetry and comprise a pattern of flows in the space of PT symmetric theories\nconsistent with the c-theorem and the counting of relevant directions.\nAdditionally, we find that while in a part of the phase diagram the domains of\nunbroken and broken PT symmetry are separated by critical manifolds of class\nM(2,2n+3), other parts of the boundary between the two domains are not\ncritical."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on the paper J. G. Zhou, Rectangular lattice Boltzmann method,\n  Phys. Rev. E 81, 026705 (2010): It is shown both analytically and numerically that the suggested lattice\nBoltzmann model on rectangular grids leads to anisotropic dissipation of fluid\nmomentum and thus it does not recover Navier-Stokes equations. Hence, it cannot\nbe used for the simulation of hydrodynamics.",
        "positive": "Heat and work distributions for mixed Gauss-Cauchy process: We analyze energetics of a non-Gaussian process described by a stochastic\ndifferential equation of the Langevin type. The process represents a\nparadigmatic model of a nonequilibrium system subject to thermal fluctuations\nand additional external noise, with both sources of perturbations considered as\nadditive and statistically independent forcings. We define thermodynamic\nquantities for trajectories of the process and analyze contributions to\nmechanical work and heat. As a working example we consider a particle subjected\nto a drag force and two independent Levy white noises with stability indices\n$\\alpha=2$ and $\\alpha=1$. The fluctuations of dissipated energy (heat) and\ndistribution of work performed by the force acting on the system are addressed\nby examining contributions of Cauchy fluctuations to either bath or external\nforce acting on the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Searching for targets on a model DNA: Effects of inter-segment hopping,\n  detachment and re-attachment: For most of the important processes in DNA metabolism, a protein has to reach\na specific binding site on the DNA. The specific binding site may consist of\njust a few base pairs while the DNA is usually several millions of base pairs\nlong. How does the protein search for the target site? What is the most\nefficient mechanism for a successful search? Motivated by these fundamental\nquestions on intracellular biological processes, we have developed a model for\nsearching a specific site on a model DNA by a single protein. We have made a\ncomparative quantitative study of the efficiencies of sliding, inter-segmental\nhoppings and detachment/re-attachments of the particle during its search for\nthe specific site on the DNA. We also introduce some new quantitative measures\nof {\\it efficiency} of a search process by defining a relevant quantity, which\ncan be measured in {\\it in-vitro} experiments.",
        "positive": "A thermodynamic geometric study of R\u00e9nyi and Tsallis entropies: A general investigation is made into the intrinsic Riemannian geometry for\ncomplex systems, from the perspective of statistical mechanics. The entropic\nformulation of statistical mechanics is the ingredient which enables a\nconnection between statistical mechanics and the corresponding Riemannian\ngeometry. The form of the entropy used commonly is the Shannon entropy.\nHowever, for modelling complex systems, it is often useful to make use of\nentropies such as the R\\'{e}nyi and Tsallis entropies. We consider, here,\nShannon, R\\'{e}nyi, Tsallis, Abe and structural entropies, for our analysis. We\nfocus on one, two and three particle thermally excited configurations. We find\nthat statistical pair correlation functions, determined by the components of\nthe covariant metric tensor of the underlying thermodynamic geometry,\nassociated with the various entropies have well defined, definite expressions,\nwhich may be extended for arbitrary finite particle systems. In all cases, we\nfind a non-degenerate intrinsic Riemannian manifold. In particular, any finite\nparticle system described in terms of R\\'{e}nyi, Tsallis, Abe and structural\nentropies, always corresponds to an interacting statistical system, thereby\nhighlighting their importance in the study of complex systems. On the other\nhand, a statistical description by the Gibbs-Shannon entropy corresponds to a\nnon-interacting system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Autocorrelation functions and ergodicity in diffusion with stochastic\n  resetting: Diffusion with stochastic resetting is a paradigm of resetting processes.\nStandard renewal or master equation approach are typically used to study steady\nstate and other transport properties such as average, mean squared displacement\netc. What remains less explored is the two time point correlation functions\nwhose evaluation is often daunting since it requires the implementation of the\nexact time dependent probability density functions of the resetting processes\nwhich are unknown for most of the problems. We adopt a different approach that\nallows us to write a stochastic solution in the level of a single trajectory\nundergoing resetting. Moments and the autocorrelation functions between any two\ntimes along the trajectory can then be computed directly using the laws of\ntotal expectation. Estimation of autocorrelation functions turns out to be\npivotal for investigating the ergodic properties of various observables for\nthis canonical model. In particular, we investigate two observables (i) sample\nmean which is widely used in economics and (ii)\ntime-averaged-mean-squared-displacement (TAMSD) which is of acute interest in\nphysics. We find that both diffusion and drift-diffusion processes are ergodic\nat the mean level unlike their reset-free counterparts. In contrast, resetting\nrenders ergodicity breaking in the TAMSD while both the stochastic processes\nare ergodic when resetting is absent. We quantify these behaviors with detailed\nanalytical study and corroborate with extensive numerical simulations. The\ncurrent study provides an important baseline that unifies two different\napproaches, used ubiquitously in economics and physics, for studying the\nergodic properties in diffusion with resetting. We believe that our results can\nbe verified in single particle experimental set-ups and thus have strong\nimplications in the field of resetting.",
        "positive": "Self-Organized Criticality in a Fibre-Bundle type model: The dynamics of a fibre-bundle type model with equal load sharing rule is\nnumerically studied. The system, formed by N elements, is driven by a slow\nincrease of the load upon it which is removed in a novel way through internal\ntransfers to the elements broken during avalanches. When an avalanche ends,\nfailed elements are regenerated with strengths taken from a probability\ndistribution. For a large enough N and certain restrictions on the distribution\nof individual strengths, the system reaches a self-organized critical state\nwhere the spectrum of avalanche sizes is a power law with an exponent\n$\\tau\\simeq 1.5$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enhanced magnetoelectric effect near a field-driven zero-temperature\n  quantum phase transition of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg-Ising ladder: Magnetoelectric effect of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg-Ising ladder in a presence\nof the external electric and magnetic fields is rigorously examined by taking\ninto account Katsura-Nagaosa-Balatsky mechanism. It is shown that the applied\nelectric field may control a quantum phase transition between the N\\'eel\n(stripy) ordered phase and the disordered paramagnetic phase. The staggered\nmagnetization vanishes according to a power law with the Ising-type critical\nexponent 1/8, the electric polarization exhibits a weak singularity and the\ndielectric susceptibility shows a logarithmic divergence at this particular\nquantum phase transition. The external electric field may alternatively invoke\na discontinuous phase transition accompanied with abrupt jumps of the\ndielectric polarization and susceptibility on assumption that the external\nmagnetic field becomes nonzero.",
        "positive": "Fast fixation without fast networks: We investigate the dynamics of a broad class of stochastic copying processes\non a network that includes examples from population genetics\n(spatially-structured Wright-Fisher models), ecology (Hubbell-type models),\nlinguistics (the utterance selection model) and opinion dynamics (the voter\nmodel) as special cases. These models all have absorbing states of fixation\nwhere all the nodes are in the same state. Earlier studies of these models\nshowed that the mean time when this occurs can be made to grow as different\npowers of the network size by varying the the degree distribution of the\nnetwork. Here we demonstrate that this effect can also arise if one varies the\nasymmetry of the copying dynamics whilst holding the degree distribution\nconstant. In particular, we show that the mean time to fixation can be\naccelerated even on homogeneous networks when certain nodes are very much more\nlikely to be copied from than copied to. We further show that there is a\ncomplex interplay between degree distribution and asymmetry when they may\nco-vary; and that the results are robust to correlations in the network or the\ninitial condition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A statistical physics of stationary and metastable states: description\n  of the plasma column experimental data: We propose a statistical mechanics for a general class of stationary and\nmetastable equilibrium states. For this purpose, the Gibbs extremal conditions\nare slightly modified in order to be applied to a wide class of non-equilibrium\nstates. As usual, it is assumed that the system maximizes the entropy\nfunctional $S$, subjected to the standard conditions; i.e., constant energy and\nnormalization of the probability distribution. However, an extra conserved\nconstraint function $F$ is also assumed to exist, which forces the system to\nremain in the metastable configuration. Further, after assuming additivity for\ntwo quasi-independent subsystems, and that the new constraint commutes with\ndensity matrix $\\rho$, it is argued that F should be an homogeneous function of\nthe density matrix, at least for systems in which the spectrum is sufficiently\ndense to be considered as continuous. The explicit form of $F$ turns to be\n$F(p_{i})=p_{i}^{q}$, where $p_i$ are the eigenvalues of the density matrix and\n$q$ is a real number to be determined. This $q$ number appears as a kind of\nTsallis parameter having the interpretation of the order of homogeneity of the\nconstraint $F$. The procedure is applied to describe the results of the plasma\nexperiment of Huang and Driscoll. The experimentally measured density is\npredicted with a similar precision as it is done with the use of the extremum\nof the enstrophy and Tsallis procedures. However, the present results define\nthe density at all the radial positions. In particular, the smooth tail shown\nby the experimental distribution turns to be predicted by the procedure. In\nthis way, the scheme avoids the non-analyticity of the density profile at large\ndistances arising in both of the mentioned alternative procedures.",
        "positive": "What is Liquid ? [in two dimensions]: We consider the practicalities of defining, simulating, and characterizing\n\"Liquids\" from a pedagogical standpoint based on atomistic computer\nsimulations. For simplicity and clarity we study two-dimensional systems\nthroughout. In addition to the infinite-ranged Lennard-Jones 12/6 potential we\nconsider two shorter-ranged families of pair potentials. At zero pressure one\nof them includes just nearest neighbors. The other longer-ranged family\nincludes twelve additional neighbors. We find that these further neighbors can\nhelp stabilize the liquid phase.\n  What about liquids? To implement Wikipedia's definition of liquids as\nconforming to their container we begin by formulating and imposing\nsmooth-container boundary conditions. To encourage conformation further we add\na vertical gravitational field. Gravity helps stabilize the relatively vague\nliquid-gas interface. Gravity reduces the messiness associated with the\ncuriously-named \"spinodal\" (tensile) portion of the phase diagram. Our\nsimulations are mainly isothermal. We control the kinetic temperature with\nNos\\'e-Hoover thermostating, extracting or injecting heat so as to impose a\nmean kinetic temperature over time. Our simulations stabilizing density\ngradients and the temperature provide critical-point estimates fully consistent\nwith previous efforts from free energy and Gibbs' ensemble simulations. This\nagreement validates our approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production and heat capacity of systems under time-dependent\n  oscillating temperature: Using the stochastic thermodynamics, we determine the entropy production and\nthe dynamic heat capacity of systems subject to a sinusoidally time dependent\ntemperature, in which case the systems are permanently out of thermodynamic\nequilibrium inducing a continuous generation of entropy. The systems evolve in\ntime according to a Fokker-Planck or to a Fokker-Planck-Kramers equation.\nSolutions of these equations, for the case of harmonic forces, are found\nexactly from which the heat flux, the production of entropy and the dynamic\nheat capacity are obtained as functions of the frequency of the temperature\nmodulation. These last two quantities are shown to be related to the real an\nimaginary parts of the complex heat capacity.",
        "positive": "Noise-induced absorbing phase transition in a model of opinion formation: In this work we study a 3-state ($+1$, $-1$, $0$) opinion model in the\npresence of noise and disorder. We consider pairwise competitive interactions,\nwith a fraction $p$ of those interactions being negative (disorder). Moreover,\nthere is a noise $q$ that represents the probability of an individual\nspontaneously change his opinion to the neutral state. Our aim is to study how\nthe increase/decrease of the fraction of neutral agents affects the critical\nbehavior of the system and the evolution of opinions. We derive analytical\nexpressions for the order parameter of the model, as well as for the stationary\nfraction of each opinion, and we show that there are distinct phase\ntransitions. One is the usual ferro-paramagnetic transition, that is in the\nIsing universality class. In addition, there are para-absorbing and\nferro-absorbing transitions, presenting the directed percolation universality\nclass. Our results are complemented by numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-mean-field effects in systems with long-range forces in competition: We investigate the canonical equilibrium of systems with long-range forces in\ncompetition. These forces create a modulation in the interaction potential and\nmodulated phases appear at the system scale. The structure of these phases\ndifferentiate this system from monotonic potentials, where only the mean-field\nand disordered phases exist. With increasing temperature, the system switches\nfrom one ordered phase to another through a first-order phase transition. Both\nmean-field and modulated phases may be stable, even at zero temperature, and\nthe long-range nature of the interaction will lead to metastability\ncharacterized by extremely long time scales.",
        "positive": "Computer Simulations of Pedestrian Dynamics and Trail Formation: A simulation model for the dynamic behaviour of pedestrian crowds is\nmathematically formulated in terms of a social force model, that means,\npedestrians behave in a way as if they would be subject to an acceleration\nforce and to repulsive forces describing the reaction to borders and other\npedestrians. The computational simulations presented yield many realistic\nresults that can be compared with video films of pedestrian crowds. Especially,\nthey show the self-organization of collective behavioural patterns.\n  By assuming that pedestrians tend to choose routes that are frequently taken\nthe above model can be extended to an active walker model of trail formation.\nThe topological structure of the evolving trail network will depend on the\ndisadvantage of building new trails and the durability of existing trails.\nComputer simulations of trail formation indicate to be a valuable tool for\ndesigning systems of ways which satisfy the needs of pedestrians best. An\nexample is given for a non-directed trail network."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Physical foundations of biological complexity: Biological systems reach hierarchical complexity that has no counterpart\noutside the realm of biology. Undoubtedly, biological entities obey the\nfundamental physical laws. Can today's physics provide an explanatory framework\nfor understanding the evolution of biological complexity? We argue here that\nthe physical foundation for understanding the origin and evolution of\ncomplexity can be envisaged at the interface between the theory of frustrated\nstates resulting in pattern formation in glass-like media and the theory of\nself-organized criticality (SOC). On the one hand, SOC has been shown to emerge\nin spin glass systems of high dimensionality. On the other hand, SOC is often\nviewed as the most appropriate physical description of evolutionary transitions\nin biology. We unify these two faces of SOC by showing that emergence of\ncomplex features in biological evolution typically if not always is triggered\nby frustration that is caused by competing interactions at different\norganizational levels. Competing interactions and frustrated states permeate\nbiology at all organizational levels and are tightly linked to the ubiquitous\ncompetition for limiting resources. This perspective extends from the\ncomparatively simple phenomena occurring in glasses to large-scale events of\nbiological evolution, such as major evolutionary transitions. We therefore\nsubmit that frustration caused by competing interactions in multidimensional\nsystems is the general driving force behind the emergence of complexity, within\nand beyond the domain of biology.",
        "positive": "Planar unclustered graphs to model technological and biological networks: Many real life networks present an average path length logarithmic with the\nnumber of nodes and a degree distribution which follows a power law. Often\nthese networks have also a modular and self-similar structure and, in some\ncases - usually associated with topological restrictions- their clustering is\nlow and they are almost planar. In this paper we introduce a family of graphs\nwhich share all these properties and are defined by two parameters. As their\nconstruction is deterministic, we obtain exact analytic expressions for\nrelevant properties of the graphs including the degree distribution, degree\ncorrelation, diameter, and average distance, as a function of the two defining\nparameters. Thus, the graphs are useful to model some complex networks, in\nparticular technological and biological networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geography in a Scale-Free Network Model: We offer an example of an network model with a power law degree distribution,\nP(k) ~ k^{-alpha}, for nodes but which nevertheless has a well-defined\ngeography and a nonzero threshold percolation probability for alpha>2, the\nrange of real-world contact networks. This is different from the p_c=0 for\nalpha<3 results for well-mixed scale-free networks. In our lattice-based\nscale-free network, individuals link to nearby neighbors on a lattice. Even\nconsiderable additional small-world links do not change our conclusion of\nnonzero thresholds. When applied to disease propagation, these results suggest\nthat random immunization may be more successful in controlling human epidemics\nthan previously suggested if there is geographical clustering.",
        "positive": "Generalized integral fluctuation relation with feedback control for\n  diffusion processes: We extend a generalized integral fluctuation relation in diffusion processes\nthat we obtained previously to the situation with feedback control. The general\nrelation not only covers existing results but also predicts other unnoticed\nfluctuation relations. In addition, we find that its explanation of\ntime-reversal automatically emerges in the derivation. This interesting\nobservation leads into an alternative inequality about the entropy-like\nquantity with an improved lower bound. Two feedback-controlled Brownian models\nare used to verify the result."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spanning Trees on Graphs and Lattices in d Dimensions: The problem of enumerating spanning trees on graphs and lattices is\nconsidered. We obtain bounds on the number of spanning trees $N_{ST}$ and\nestablish inequalities relating the numbers of spanning trees of different\ngraphs or lattices. A general formulation is presented for the enumeration of\nspanning trees on lattices in $d\\geq 2$ dimensions, and is applied to the\nhypercubic, body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, and specific planar\nlattices including the kagom\\'e, diced, 4-8-8 (bathroom-tile), Union Jack, and\n3-12-12 lattices. This leads to closed-form expressions for $N_{ST}$ for these\nlattices of finite sizes. We prove a theorem concerning the classes of graphs\nand lattices ${\\cal L}$ with the property that $N_{ST} \\sim \\exp(nz_{\\cal L})$\nas the number of vertices $n \\to \\infty$, where $z_{\\cal L}$ is a finite\nnonzero constant. This includes the bulk limit of lattices in any spatial\ndimension, and also sections of lattices whose lengths in some dimensions go to\ninfinity while others are finite. We evaluate $z_{\\cal L}$ exactly for the\nlattices we considered, and discuss the dependence of $z_{\\cal L}$ on d and the\nlattice coordination number. We also establish a relation connecting $z_{\\cal\nL}$ to the free energy of the critical Ising model for planar lattices ${\\cal\nL}$.",
        "positive": "Derivation of Boltzmann Principle: We present a derivation of Boltzmann principle $S_{B}=k_{B}\\ln \\mathcal{W}$\nbased on classical mechanical models of thermodynamics. The argument is based\non the heat theorem and can be traced back to the second half of the nineteenth\ncentury with the works of Helmholtz and Boltzmann. Despite its simplicity, this\nargument has remained almost unknown. We present it in a modern, self-contained\nand accessible form. The approach constitutes an important link between\nclassical mechanics and statistical mechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact enumeration of self-avoiding walks on BCC and FCC lattices: Self-avoiding walks on the body-centered-cubic (BCC) and face-centered-cubic\n(FCC) lattices are enumerated up to lengths 28 and 24, respectively, using the\nlength-doubling method. Analysis of the enumeration results yields values for\nthe exponents $\\gamma$ and $\\nu$ which are in agreement with, but less accurate\nthan those obtained earlier from enumeration results on the simple cubic\nlattice. The non-universal growth constant and amplitudes are accurately\ndetermined, yielding for the BCC lattice $\\mu=6.530520(20)$, $A=1.1785(40)$,\nand $D=1.0864(50)$, and for the FCC lattice $\\mu=10.037075(20)$,\n$A=1.1736(24)$, and $D=1.0460(50)$.",
        "positive": "Tensor Temperature and Shockwave Stability in a Strong Two-Dimensional\n  Shockwave: The anisotropy of temperature is studied here in a strong two-dimensional\nshockwave, simulated with conventional molecular dynamics. Several forms of the\nkinetic temperature are considered, corresponding to different choices for the\nlocal instantaneous stream velocity. A local particle-based definition omitting\nany \"self\" contribution to the stream velocity gives the best results. The\nconfigurational temperature is not useful for this shockwave problem.\nConfigurational temperature is subject to a shear instability and can give\nlocal negative temperatures in the vicinity of the shock front. The decay of\nsinusoidal shockfront perturbations shows that strong two-dimensional planar\nshockwaves are stable to such perturbations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New scaling of Adam-Gibbs relation in glass-forming systems: In this letter we introduced a new scaling method based on Adam-Gibbs model.\nMoreover, generalised critical-like expression of configurational entropy S_C\n(T)=S_0 (1-T_K/T)^n is used. Obtained values of pseudocritical exponent n seem\nto be universal for studied systems and corresponds well with thermodynamic\ndata. Relation between dynamic portrayal represented by primary relaxation time\nand thermodynamic (specific heat capacity) is in a good agreement.",
        "positive": "Delayed dynamic triggering of earthquakes: Evidences from a statistical\n  model of seismicity: I study a recently proposed statistical model of earthquake dynamics that\nincorporates aging as a fundamental ingredient. The model is known to generate\nearthquake sequences that quantitatively reproduce the spatial and temporal\nclustering of events observed in actual seismic patterns. The aim of the\npresent work is to investigate if this model can give support to the empirical\nevidence that earthquakes can be triggered by transient small perturbations,\nparticularly by the passing of seismic waves originated in events occurring in\nfar geographical locations. The effect of seismic waves is incorporated into\nthe model by assuming that they produce instantaneous small modifications in\nthe dynamical state of the system at the time they are applied. This change in\nthe dynamical state has two main effects. On one side, it induces earthquakes\nthat occur right at the application of the perturbation. These are called\nimmediate events. On the other side, after the application of the perturbation\nthere is a delayed effect: the seismic activity increases abruptly after the\nperturbation, then falls down below the level of background activity, and\neventually recovers to the background value. The time scale of these variations\ndepends on the internal dynamics of the system, and is totally independent of\nthe duration of the perturbation. The number of delayed events in excess of the\nbackground activity is typically observed to be around a factor of twenty\nlarger than the number of immediate events. The origin of the enhanced activity\nperiod following the perturbation is associated to the existence of aging\nrelaxation, and it does not occur if relaxation is absent. These findings give\nsupport to the experimental evidence that earthquake can be remotely triggered\nby small transient perturbations as those produced by seismic waves."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free Dynamics of Feature Learning Processes: Regression models usually tend to recover a noisy signal in the form of a\ncombination of regressors, also called features in machine learning, themselves\nbeing the result of a learning process.The alignment of the prior covariance\nfeature matrix with the signal is known to play a key role in the\ngeneralization properties of the model, i.e. its ability to make predictions on\nunseen data during training. We present a statistical physics picture of the\nlearning process. First we revisit the ridge regression to obtain compact\nasymptotic expressions for train and test errors, rendering manifest the\nconditions under which efficient generalization occurs. It is established\nthanks to an exact test-train sample error ratio combined with random matrix\nproperties. Along the way in the form of a self-energy emerges an effective\nridge penalty \\textemdash\\ precisely the train to test error ratio \\textemdash\\\nwhich offer a very simple parameterization of the problem. This formulation\nappears convenient to tackle the learning process of the feature matrix itself.\nWe derive an autonomous dynamical system in terms of elementary degrees of\nfreedom of the problem determining the evolution of the relative alignment\nbetween the population matrix and the signal. A macroscopic counterpart of\nthese equations is also obtained and various dynamical mechanisms are unveiled,\nallowing one to interpret the dynamics of simulated learning processes and\nreproduce trajectories of single experimental run with high precision.",
        "positive": "The bulk correlation length and the range of thermodynamic Casimir\n  forces at Bose-Einstein condensation: The relation between the bulk correlation length and the decay length of\nthermodynamic Casimir forces is investigated microscopically in two\nthree-dimensional systems undergoing Bose-Einstein condensation: the perfect\nBose gas and the imperfect mean-field Bose gas. For each of these systems, both\nlengths diverge upon approaching the corresponding condensation point from the\none-phase side, and are proportional to each other. We determine the\nproportionality factors and discuss their dependence on the boundary\nconditions. The values of the corresponding critical exponents for the decay\nlength and the correlation length are the same, equal to 1/2 for the perfect\ngas, and 1 for the imperfect gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quenches and confinement in a Heisenberg-Ising spin ladder: We consider the quantum quench dynamics of a Heisenberg-Ising spin ladder\nwhich is an archetypal model in which confinement of elementary excitations is\ntriggered by internal interactions rather than an external field. We show that\nthe confinement strongly affects the light cone structure of correlation\nfunctions providing signatures of the velocities of the mesons of the model. We\nalso show that the meson masses can be measured from the real time analysis of\nthe evolution of the order parameter.",
        "positive": "General trends of the late period of evolution in the quasichemical\n  model of nucleation: The periods after the end of the \"primary\" nucleation are considered. The\napproximate analytical description is given. The process is split into several\nperiods which form the loop of evolution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field-induced inhomogeneous ground states of antiferromagnetic ANNNI\n  chains: Finite-size effects are studied in ground states of antiferromagnetic (AF)\nANNNI chains in a field. It is shown that field can induce a variety of\ninhomogeneous states in finite chains. They are composed of two shifted AF\nstates with the kink at their junction and are highly degenerate with respect\nto the kink position. The phase diagram field-exchange ratio for finite chains\nis presented.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Response and Frenesy: We present examples of how time-symmetric kinetic factors contribute to the\nresponse either in nonlinear order around equilibrium or in linear order around\nnonequilibrium. The phenomenology we associate to that so called frenetic\ncontribution are negative differential conductivity, changes in the Einstein\nrelation between friction and noise, and population inversion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Feynman effective classical potential in the Schr\u00f6dinger\n  formulation: New physical insight into the correspondence between path integral concepts\nand the Schr\\\"odinger formulation is gained by the analysis of the effective\nclassical potential, that is defined within the Feynman path integral\nformulation of statistical mechanics. This potential is related to the\nquasi-static response of the equilibrium system to an external force. These\nfindings allow for a comprehensive formulation of dynamical approximations\nbased on this potential.",
        "positive": "Condensation and evaporation transitions in deep capillary grooves: We study the order of capillary condensation and evaporation transitions of a\nsimple fluid adsorbed in a deep capillary groove using a fundamental measure\ndensity functional theory (DFT). The walls of the capillary interact with the\nfluid particles via long-ranged, dispersion, forces while the fluid-fluid\ninteraction is modelled as a truncated Lennard-Jones-like potential. We find\nthat below the wetting temperature $T_w$ condensation is first-order and\nevaporation is continuous with the metastability of the condensation being well\ndescribed by the complementary Kelvin equation. In contrast above $T_w$ both\nphase transitions are continuous and their critical singularities are\ndetermined. In addition we show that for the evaporation transition above $T_w$\nthere is an elegant mapping, or covariance, with the complete wetting\ntransition occurring at a planar wall. Our numerical DFT studies are\ncomplemented by analytical slab model calculations which explain how the\nasymmetry between condensation and evaporation arises out of the combination of\nlong-ranged forces and substrate geometry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Singularities and the distribution of density in the Burgers/adhesion\n  model: We are interested in the tail behavior of the pdf of mass density within the\none and $d$-dimensional Burgers/adhesion model used, e.g., to model the\nformation of large-scale structures in the Universe after baryon-photon\ndecoupling. We show that large densities are localized near ``kurtoparabolic''\nsingularities residing on space-time manifolds of codimension two ($d \\le 2$)\nor higher ($d \\ge 3$). For smooth initial conditions, such singularities are\nobtained from the convex hull of the Lagrangian potential (the initial velocity\npotential minus a parabolic term). The singularities contribute {\\em\n\\hbox{universal} power-law tails} to the density pdf when the initial\nconditions are random. In one dimension the singularities are preshocks\n(nascent shocks), whereas in two and three dimensions they persist in time and\ncorrespond to boundaries of shocks; in all cases the corresponding density pdf\nhas the exponent -7/2, originally proposed by E, Khanin, Mazel and Sinai (1997\nPhys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1904) for the pdf of velocity gradients in one-dimensional\nforced Burgers turbulence. We also briefly consider models permitting particle\ncrossings and thus multi-stream solutions, such as the Zel'dovich approximation\nand the (Jeans)--Vlasov--Poisson equation with single-stream initial data: they\nhave singularities of codimension one, yielding power-law tails with exponent\n-3.",
        "positive": "Work statistics for Quantum Spin Chains: characterizing quantum phase\n  transitions, benchmarking time evolution, and examining passivity of quantum\n  states: We study three aspects of work statistics in the context of the fluctuation\ntheorem for the quantum spin chains by numerical methods based on\nmatrix-product states. First, we elaborate that the work done on the spin-chain\nby a sudden quench can be used to characterize the quantum phase transitions\n(QPT). We further obtain the numerical results to demonstrate its capability of\ncharacterizing the QPT of both Landau-Ginzbrug types, such as the Ising chain,\nor topological types, such as the Haldane chain. Second, we propose to use the\nfluctuation theorem, such as Jarzynski's equality, which relates the real-time\ncorrelator to the ratio of the thermal partition functions, as a benchmark\nindicator for the numerical real-time evolving methods. Third, we study the\npassivity of ground and thermal states of quantum spin chains under some cyclic\nimpulse processes. We show that the passivity of thermal states and ground\nstates under the hermitian actions are ensured by the second laws and\nvariational principles, respectively, and also verify it by numerical\ncalculations. Besides, we also consider the passivity of ground states under\nnon-hermitian actions, for which the variational principle cannot be applied.\nDespite that, we find no violation of passivity from our numerical results for\nall the cases considered in both Ising-like and Haldane-like chains."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometrothermodynamics of van der Waals systems: We explore the properties of the equilibrium space of van der Waals\nthermodynamic systems. We use an invariant representation of the fundamental\nequation by using the law of corresponding states, which allows us to perform a\ngeneral analysis for all possible van der Waals systems. The investigation of\nthe equilibrium space is performed by using the Legendre invariant formalism of\ngeometrothermodynamics, which guarantees the independence of the results from\nthe choice of thermodynamic potential. We find all the curvature singularities\nof the equilibrium space that correspond to first and second order phase\ntransitions. We compare our results with those obtained by using Hessian\nmetrics for the equilibrium space. We conclude that the formalism of\ngeometrothermodynamics allows us to determine the complete phase transition\nstructure of systems with two thermodynamic degrees of freedom.",
        "positive": "Similarity between quantum mechanics and thermodynamics: Entropy,\n  temperature, and Carnot cycle: Similarity between quantum mechanics and thermodynamics is discussed. It is\nfound that if the Clausius equality is imposed on the Shannon entropy and the\nanalogue of the heat quantity, then the value of the Shannon entropy comes to\nformally coincide with that of the von Neumann entropy of the canonical density\nmatrix, and pure-state quantum mechanics apparently transmutes into quantum\nthermodynamics. The corresponding quantum Carnot cycle of a simple two-state\nmodel of a particle confined in a one-dimensional infinite potential well is\nstudied, and its efficiency is shown to be identical to the classical one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Form factors and generalized hydrodynamics for integrable systems: Our review covers microscopic foundations of generalized hydrodynamics (GHD).\nAs one generic approach we develop form factor expansions, for ground states\nand generalized Gibbs ensembles (GGE). In the latter case the so obtained\nresults are compared with predictions from GHD. One cornerstone of GHD are the\nGGE averaged microscopic currents, which can also be obtained through employing\nform factors. Discussed is a second, completely orthogonal approach based on\nthe availability of a self-conserved current.",
        "positive": "Instanton Approach to Large $N$ Harish-Chandra-Itzykson-Zuber Integrals: We reconsider the large $N$ asymptotics of Harish-Chandra-Itzykson-Zuber\nintegrals. We provide, using Dyson's Brownian motion and the method of\ninstantons, an alternative, transparent derivation of the Matytsin formalism\nfor the unitary case. Our method is easily generalized to the orthogonal and\nsymplectic ensembles. We obtain an explicit solution of Matytsin's equations in\nthe case of Wigner matrices, as well as a general expansion method in the\ndilute limit, when the spectrum of eigenvalues spreads over very wide regions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Perturbation expansion for the diluted two-dimensional XY model: We study the quasi-long-range ordered phase of a 2D XY model with quenched\nsite-dilution using the spin-wave approximation and expansion in the parameter\nwhich characterizes the deviation from completely homogeneous dilution. The\nresults, obtained by keeping the terms up to the third order in the expansion,\nshow good accordance with Monte Carlo data in a wide range of dilution\nconcentrations far enough from the percolation threshold. We discuss different\ntypes of expansion.",
        "positive": "Hot Brownian Carriers in the Langevin Picture: Application to a simple\n  model for the Gunn Effect in GaAs: We consider a charged Brownian gas under the influence of external, static\nand uniform electric and magnetic fields, immersed in a uniform bath\ntemperature. We obtain the solution for the associated Langevin equation, and\nthereafter the evolution of the nonequilibrium temperature towards a\nnonequilibrium (hot) steady state. We apply our results to a simple yet\nrelevant Brownian model for carrier transport in GaAs. We obtain a negative\ndifferential conductivity regime (Gunn effect) and discuss and compare our\nresults with experimental results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Simple Model of Liquid-liquid Phase Transitions: In recent years, a second fluid-fluid phase transition has been reported in\nseveral materials at pressures far above the usual liquid-gas phase transition.\nIn this paper, we introduce a new model of this behavior based on the\nLennard-Jones interaction with a modification to mimic the different kinds of\nshort-range orientational order in complex materials. We have done Monte Carlo\nstudies of this model that clearly demonstrate the existence of a second\nfirst-order fluid-fluid phase transition between high- and low-density liquid\nphases.",
        "positive": "Statics and dynamics of a harmonic oscillator coupled to a\n  one-dimensional Ising system: We investigate an oscillator linearly coupled with a one-dimensional Ising\nsystem. The coupling gives rise to drastic changes both in the oscillator\nstatics and dynamics. Firstly, there appears a second order phase transition,\nwith the oscillator stable rest position as its order parameter. Secondly, for\nfast spins, the oscillator dynamics is described by an effective equation with\na nonlinear friction term that drives the oscillator towards the stable\nequilibrium state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Gibbs Paradox and the Distinguishability of Identical Particles: Identical classical particles are distinguishable. This distinguishability\naffects the number of ways W a macrostate can be realized on the micro-level,\nand from the relation S = k ln W leads to a non-extensive expression for the\nentropy. This result is usually considered incorrect because of its\ninconsistency with thermodynamics. It is sometimes concluded from this\ninconsistency that identical particles are fundamentally indistinguishable\nafter all; and even that quantum mechanics is indispensable for making sense of\nthis. In contrast, we argue that the classical statistics of distinguishable\nparticles and the resulting non-extensive entropy function are perfectly\nacceptable from both a theoretical and an experimental perspective. The\ninconsistency with thermodynamics can be removed by taking into account that\nthe entropy concept in statistical mechanics is not completely identical to the\nthermodynamical one. We observe that even identical quantum particles are in\nsome cases distinguishable, and conclude that quantum mechanics is irrelevant\nto the Gibbs paradox.",
        "positive": "Vortex generation in the RSP game on the triangular lattice: A new model of population dynamics on lattices is proposed. The model\nconsists of players on lattice points, each of which plays the RSP game with\nneighboring players. Each player copies the next hand from the hand of the\nneighbouring player with the maximum point. The model exhibits a steady pattern\nwith pairs of vortices and sinks on the triangular lattice. It is shown that\nthe stationary vortex is due to the frustrations on the triangular lattice. A\nfrustration is the three-sided situation where each of the three players around\na triangle chooses the rock, the scissors and the paper, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy Spectra of Superfluid Turbulence in $^3$He: In superfluid $^3$He turbulence is carried predominantly by the superfluid\ncomponent. To explore the statistical properties of this quantum turbulence and\nits differences from the classical counterpart we adopt the time-honored\napproach of shell models. Using this approach we provide numerical simulations\nof a Sabra-shell model that allows us to uncover the nature of the energy\nspectrum in the relevant hydrodynamic regimes. These results are in qualitative\nagreement with analytical expressions for the superfluid turbulent energy\nspectra that were found using a differential approximation for the energy flux.",
        "positive": "Minimal energy ensemble Monte Carlo for the partition function of\n  fermions coupled to classical fields: Models of non-interacting fermions coupled to auxilliary classical degrees of\nfreedom are relevant to the understanding of a wide variety of problems in many\nbody physics, {\\it e.g.} the description of manganites, diluted magnetic\nsemiconductors or strongly interacting electrons on lattices. Monte Carlo\nsampling over the classical fields is a powerful, yet notoriously challenging,\nmethod for this class of problems -- it requires the solution of the fermion\nproblem for each classical field configuration. Conventional Monte Carlo\nmethods minimally utilize the information content of these solutions by\nextracting single temperature properties. We present a flat-histogram Monte\nCarlo algorithm that simulates a novel statistical ensemble which allows to\nacquire the full thermodynamic information, {\\it i.e.} the partition function\nat all temperatures, of sampled classical configurations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Signature of topology via heat transfer analysis in the\n  Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model: In this work, we explore the potential of thermodynamics as a tool for\nidentifying the topological phase transition. Specifically, we focus on a\none-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chain sandwiched between two\nfermionic baths. To investigate distinctive thermodynamic signatures associated\nwith the topological phase, we employ heat flow analysis. Our results, derived\nusing a global master equation, unveil a significant suppression of heat flow\nas we transition from the trivial to the topological phase. This decline in\nheat flow can be attributed to the reduction in transmission coefficients of\nnon-zero energy modes within the topological phase. It may serve as an\nindicator of a phase transition. Furthermore, we investigate the heat flow\nasymmetry to search for phase transition indicators. Interestingly, no\nasymmetry is observed when employing fermionic baths. However, upon\nsubstituting fermionic baths with bosonic ones, we report a non-zero heat flow\nasymmetry. For the SSH model with a few fermionic sites, this asymmetry is more\npronounced in the topological phase compared to the trivial phase. Therefore,\nthe observed behavior of the heat diode provides an additional means of\ndistinguishing between the topological and trivial phases. Finally, we delve\ninto the contributions from both bulk and edge effects in heat flow and\nrectification to explore the impact of small system sizes on our findings.",
        "positive": "A Discrete Stochastic Formulation for Reversible Bimolecular Reactions\n  via Diffusion Encounter: The classical models for irreversible diffusion-influenced reactions can be\nderived by introducing absorbing boundary conditions to over-damped continuous\nBrownian motion (BM) theory. As there is a clear corresponding stochastic\nprocess, the mathematical description takes both Kolmogorov forward equation\nfor the evolution of the probability distribution function and the stochastic\nsample trajectories. This dual description is a fundamental characteristic of\nstochastic processes and allows simple particle based simulations to accurately\nmatch the expected statistical behavior. However, in the traditional theory\nusing the back-reaction boundary condition to model reversible reactions with\ngeminate recombinations, several subtleties arise: it is unclear what the\nunderlying stochastic process is, which causes complications in producing\naccurate simulations; and it is non-trivial how to perform an appropriate\ndiscretization for numerical computations. In this work, we derive a discrete\nstochastic model that recovers the classical models and their boundary\nconditions in the continuous limit. In the case of reversible reactions, we\nrecover the back-reaction boundary condition, unifying the back-reaction\napproach with those of current simulation packages. Furthermore, all the\ncomplications encountered in the continuous models become trivial in the\ndiscrete model. Our formulation brings to attention the question: With\ncomputations in mind, can we develop a discrete reaction kinetics model that is\nmore fundamental than its continuous counterpart?"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dipolar bosons in one dimension: the case of longitudinal dipole\n  alignment: We study by quantum Monte Carlo simulations the low-temperature phase diagram\nof dipolar bosons confined to one dimension, with dipole moments aligned along\nthe direction of particle motion. A hard core repulsive potential of varying\nrange ($\\sigma$) is added to the dipolar interaction, in order to ensure\nstability of the system against collapse. In the $\\sigma\\to 0$ limit the\nphysics of the system is dominated by the potential energy and the ground state\nis quasi-crystalline; as $\\sigma$ is increased the attractive part of the\ninteraction weakens and the equilibrium phase evolves from quasi-crystalline to\na non-superfluid liquid. At a critical value $\\sigma_c$, the kinetic energy\nbecomes dominant and the system undergoes a quantum phase transition from a\nself-bound liquid to a gas. In the gaseous phase with $\\sigma\\to\\sigma_c$, at\nlow density attractive interactions bring the system into a \"weak\" superfluid\nregime. However, gas-liquid coexistence also occurs, as a result of which the\ntopologically protected superfluid regime is not approached.",
        "positive": "Dynamical transitions in a driven diffusive model with interactions: We study the dynamics of an asymmetric simple exclusion process with open\nboundaries and local interactions using a pair approximation which generalizes\nthe 2-node cluster mean field theory and the Markov chain approach to kinetics\nand shares with these approaches the property of reproducing exact results for\nthe bulk current-density relation and the steady state phase diagrams. We find\nthat the relaxation rate exhibits a dynamical transition, with no static\ncounterpart, analogous to that found without interactions. Remarkably, for some\nvalues of the model's parameters, we find 2 dynamical transitions in the same\nlow density phase. We study the dynamics of relaxation to the steady state on\nboth sides of these transitions and make an attempt at providing a physical\ninterpretation for this phenomenon. Results from numerical approaches and a\nmodified Domain Wall Theory confirm the picture provided by the pair\napproximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Flexible Polyelectrolytes with Monovalent Salt: We present a model for describing flexible polyelectrolytes in a good solvent\na nd in the presence of monovalent salt . The molecule composed by $N$ monomers\nis characterized by the end to end distanc e $R_e=b (Z-1)^\\gamma$ and the\nnumber of associated counterions $n$. At high tem peratures the polyelectrolyte\nbehaves as a neutral polymer ($\\gamma=0.588$). Dec reasing the temperature, the\nmacromolecule changes from this extended configurat ion($\\gamma=0.588$) to a\nstretched form ($\\gamma\\approx 1$). At even lower temp eratures, above the\nManning condensation threshold, the polyelectrolyte collapse s ($\\gamma\\approx\n0.3$). Our results show good agreement with simulations.",
        "positive": "Microscopic origin of the quantum Mpemba effect in integrable systems: The highly complicated nature of far from equilibrium systems can lead to a\ncomplete breakdown of the physical intuition developed in equilibrium. A famous\nexample of this is the Mpemba effect, which states that non-equilibrium states\nmay relax faster when they are further from equilibrium or, put another way,\nhot water can freeze faster than warm water. Despite possessing a storied\nhistory, the precise criteria and mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are\nstill not known. Here we study a quantum version of the Mpemba effect that\ntakes place in closed many body systems with a U(1) conserved charge: in\ncertain cases a more asymmetric initial configuration relaxes and restores the\nsymmetry faster than a more symmetric one. In contrast to the classical case,\nwe establish the criteria for this to occur in arbitrary integrable quantum\nsystems using the recently introduced entanglement asymmetry. We describe the\nquantum Mpemba effect in such systems and relate properties of the initial\nstate, specifically its charge fluctuations, to the criteria for its\noccurrence. These criteria are expounded using exact analytic and numerical\ntechniques in several examples, a free fermion model, the Rule 54 cellular\nautomaton, and the Lieb-Liniger model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The totally asymmetric simple exclusion process on networks: We study the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) on complex\nnetworks, as a paradigmatic model for transport subject to excluded volume\ninteractions. Building on TASEP phenomenology on a single segment and borrowing\nideas from random networks we investigate the effect of connectivity on\ntransport. In particular, we argue that the presence of disorder in the\ntopology of vertices crucially modifies the transport features of a network:\nirregular networks involve homogeneous segments and have a bimodal distribution\nof edge densities, whereas regular networks are dominated by shocks leading to\na unimodal density distribution. The proposed numerical approach of solving for\nmean-field transport on networks provides a general framework for studying\nTASEP on large networks, and is expected to generalize to other transport\nprocesses.",
        "positive": "Finite-time thermodynamic process of a two-level quantum heat engine: In this paper, we consider a model of two-level quantum heat engine to\ninvestigate the explicit analytic expression for the thermodynamics quantities\nin different condition under the finite-time operation. In this engine, the\nworking substance is composed of a spin-half particles immersed in a magnetic\nfield. The finite-time thermodynamic processes consisting of two quantum\nadiabatic and two quantum isothermal processes. This processes working between\ntwo heat reservoirs with an inverse temperatures $\\beta_{1}$ and $\\beta_{2}$\n($<\\beta_{1}$). In this processes, we obtain the work, heat, power and\nefficiency at maximum power output of the model. Our result of the efficiency\nat maximum power agree with the universal value in the first order of Carnot\nefficiency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multi-level quantum Diesel engine of non-interacting fermions in a\n  one-dimensional box: We consider the toy model of quantum Diesel cycle without temperature\nconstructed from non-interacting fermions, which are trapped in a\none-dimensional box. The work and energy are extracted from the cycle are by\nchanging the expectation value of Hamiltonian. We analytically calculated the\nefficiency of the cycle and efficiency at maximum work as a function of\ncompression ratio. We found that the efficiency of the engine depends on both\ncompression ratio and cut-off ratio. In contrast, the efficiency at the maximum\nwork can be written as a function of the compression ratio only. Moreover, we\ncalculate the Clausius relation of the cycle. The degree of the irreversibility\nof the cycle depends only on the cut-off ratio. We also study the relation\nbetween power and efficiency of the cycle.\n  The power output is also studied as the function of the compression ratio. It\nis found that for a given value of the cutoff ratio, the dimensionless power\noutput decreases as the compression ratio increases.",
        "positive": "Thouless and relaxation time scales in many-body quantum systems: A major open question in studies of nonequilibrium quantum dynamics is the\nidentification of the time scales involved in the relaxation process of\nisolated quantum systems that have many interacting particles. We demonstrate\nthat long time scales can be analytically found by analyzing dynamical\nmanifestations of spectral correlations. Using this approach, we show that the\nThouless time, $t_{\\text{Th}}$, and the relaxation time, $t_{\\text{R}}$,\nincrease exponentially with system size. We define $t_{\\text{Th}}$ as the time\nat which the spread of the initial state in the many-body Hilbert space is\ncomplete and verify that it agrees with the inverse of the Thouless energy.\n$t_{\\text{Th}}$ marks the point beyond which the dynamics acquire universal\nfeatures, while relaxation happens later when the evolution reaches a\nstationary state. In chaotic systems, $t_{\\text{Th}}\\ll t_{\\text{R}}$, while\nfor systems approaching a many-body localized phase, $t_{\\text{Th}}\\rightarrow\nt_{\\text{R}}$. Our analytical results for $t_{\\text{Th}}$ and $t_{\\text{R}}$\nare obtained for the survival probability, which is a global quantity. We show\nnumerically that the same time scales appear also in the evolution of the spin\nautocorrelation function, which is an experimental local observable. Our\nstudies are carried out for realistic many-body quantum models. The results are\ncompared with those for random matrices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of general discrete nonlinear Schr{\u00f6}dinger\n  models: Localization transition and its relevance for Klein-Gordon lattices: We extend earlier work [Phys.Rev.Lett. 84, 3740 (2000)] on the statistical\nmechanics of the cubic one-dimensional discrete nonlinear Schrodinger (DNLS)\nequation to a more general class of models, including higher dimensionalities\nand nonlinearities of arbitrary degree. These extensions are physically\nmotivated by the desire to describe situations with an excitation threshold for\ncreation of localized excitations, as well as by recent work suggesting\nnon-cubic DNLS models to describe Bose-Einstein condensates in deep optical\nlattices, taking into account the effective condensate dimensionality.\nConsidering ensembles of initial conditions with given values of the two\nconserved quantities, norm and Hamiltonian, we calculate analytically the\nboundary of the 'normal' Gibbsian regime corresponding to infinite temperature,\nand perform numerical simulations to illuminate the nature of the localization\ndynamics outside this regime for various cases. Furthermore, we show\nquantitatively how this DNLS localization transition manifests itself for\nsmall-amplitude oscillations in generic Klein-Gordon lattices of weakly coupled\nanharmonic oscillators (in which energy is the only conserved quantity), and\ndetermine conditions for existence of persistent energy localization over large\ntime scales.",
        "positive": "Computational complexity and fundamental limitations to fermionic\n  quantum Monte Carlo simulations: Quantum Monte Carlo simulations, while being efficient for bosons, suffer\nfrom the \"negative sign problem'' when applied to fermions - causing an\nexponential increase of the computing time with the number of particles. A\npolynomial time solution to the sign problem is highly desired since it would\nprovide an unbiased and numerically exact method to simulate correlated quantum\nsystems. Here we show, that such a solution is almost certainly unattainable by\nproving that the sign problem is NP-hard, implying that a generic solution of\nthe sign problem would also solve all problems in the complexity class NP\n(nondeterministic polynomial) in polynomial time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ergodic and Nonergodic Anomalous Diffusion in Coupled Stochastic\n  Processes: Inspired by problems in biochemical kinetics, we study statistical properties\nof an overdamped Langevin process whose friction coefficient depends on the\nstate of a similar, unobserved process. Integrating out the latter, we derive\nthe long time behaviour of the mean square displacement. Anomalous diffusion is\nfound. Since the diffusion exponent can not be predicted using a simple scaling\nargument, anomalous scaling appears as well. We also find that the coupling can\nlead to ergodic or non-ergodic behaviour of the studied process. We compare our\ntheoretical predictions with numerical simulations and find an excellent\nagreement. The findings caution against treating biochemical systems coupled\nwith unobserved dynamical degrees of freedom by means of standard, diffusive\nLangevin descriptions.",
        "positive": "Probing hidden spin order with interpretable machine learning: The search of unconventional magnetic and nonmagnetic states is a major topic\nin the study of frustrated magnetism. Canonical examples of those states\ninclude various spin liquids and spin nematics. However, discerning their\nexistence and the correct characterization is usually challenging. Here we\nintroduce a machine-learning protocol that can identify general nematic order\nand their order parameter from seemingly featureless spin configurations, thus\nproviding comprehensive insight on the presence or absence of hidden orders. We\ndemonstrate the capabilities of our method by extracting the analytical form of\nnematic order parameter tensors up to rank 6. This may prove useful in the\nsearch for novel spin states and for ruling out spurious spin liquid\ncandidates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality of the triplet contact process with diffusion: The one-dimensional triplet contact process with diffusion (TCPD) model has\nbeen studied using fast multispin GPU Monte Carlo simulations. In particular,\nthe particle density \\rho and the density of pairs of neighboring particles\n\\rho_p have been monitored as a function of time. Mean field predictions for\nthe time evolution of these observables in the critical point are \\rho\\sim\nt^{-\\delta} and \\rho_p\\sim t^{-\\delta_p} with \\delta=1/3 and \\delta_p=2/3. We\nobserve that in the vicinity of the critical point of the model, the ratio\n\\rho_p/\\rho tends to a constant, which shows that the one-dimensional TCPD\nmodel is not described by mean field behavior. Furthermore, our long\nsimulations allow us to conclude that the mean field prediction of the exponent\n$\\delta$ is almost certainly not correct either. Since the crossover to the\ncritical regime is extremely slow for the TCPD model, we are unable to pinpoint\na precise value for \\delta, though we find as an upper bound \\delta < 0.32.",
        "positive": "Active sorting of particles as an illustration of the Gibbs mixing\n  paradox: The Gibbs Mixing Paradox is a conceptual touchstone for understanding\nmixtures in statistical mechanics. While debates over the theoretical\nsubtleties of particle distinguishability continue to this day, we seek to\nextend the discussion in another direction by considering devices which can\nonly distinguish particles with limited accuracy. We introduce two illustrative\nmodels of sorting devices which are designed to separate a binary mixture, but\nwhich sometimes make mistakes. In the first model, discrimination between\nparticle types is passive and sorting is driven, while the second model is\nbased on an active proofreading network, where both discrimination and sorting\nhave a tunable active component. We show that the performance of these devices\nmay be enhanced out of equilibrium, and we further probe how the quality of\nparticle sorting is maintained by trade-offs between the time taken and the\nenergy dissipated. Considering these examples, we demonstrate how increasing\nthe similarity between particles gradually increases the work required to sort\nthem, eliminating the paradox, while preserving the limits imposed by standard\nequilibrium statistical mechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Tsallis Thermostatistics of Magnetic Systems: In this study, our effort is to introduce Tsallis thermostatistics in some\ndetails and to give a brief review of the magnetic systems which have been\nstudied in the frame of this formalism.",
        "positive": "Blackbody heat capacity at constant pressure: At first glance, the title of this work seems to be improper. And the reason\nis well known. Since blackbody pressure depends only on temperature, one cannot\ntake the derivative of the thermodynamic quantities with respect to one of\nthem, keeping the other constant. That is, the heat capacity at constant\npressure, $C_{P}$, as well as, the coefficient of thermal expansion, $\\alpha$,\nand the isothermal compressibility, $\\kappa_{T}$, are ill-defined quantities.\nThis work will show that when the perfect conducting nature of the walls of a\nblackbody cavity is taken into account, $C_{P}$, $\\alpha$ and $\\kappa_{T}$ are\nin fact well defined, and they are related by the usual thermodynamic\nrelations, as expected. Two geometries will be considered, namely, a spherical\nshell and a cubic box. It will be shown that $C_{P}$, $\\alpha$ and $\\kappa_{T}$\ndepend very much on the geometry of the cavity. Issues regarding thermodynamic\nstability will be addressed, revealing that they also depend on the cavity's\ngeometry. It is argued that these findings may be amenable to experimental\nverification."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Achlioptas process for the delay of criticality in the\n  percolation process: We extend the Achlioptas model for the delay of criticality in the\npercolation problem. Instead of having a completely random connectivity\npattern, we generalize the idea of the two-site probe in the Achlioptas model\nfor connecting smaller clusters, by introducing two models: the first one by\nallowing any number k of probe sites to be investigated, k being a parameter,\nand the second one independent of any specific number of probe sites, but with\na probabilistic character which depends on the size of the resulting clusters.\nWe find numerically the complete spectrum of critical points and our results\nindicate that the value of the critical point behaves linearly with k after the\nvalue of k = 3. The range k = 2-3 is not linear but parabolic. The more general\nmodel of generating clusters with probability inversely proportional to the\nsize of the resulting cluster produces a critical point which is equivalent to\nthe value of k being in the range k = 5-7.",
        "positive": "Pressure drag in linear and nonlinear quantum fluids: We study the flow of a weakly-interacting Bose-Einstein condensate around an\nobstacle by numerical solution of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We observe\nvortex emission and the formation of bow waves leading to pressure drag. We\ncompare the drag law with that of an ideal Bose gas, and show that interactions\nreduce the drag force. This reduction can be explained in terms of a\n`collisional screening' of the obstacle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral methods cluster words of the same class in a syntactic\n  dependency network: We analyze here a particular kind of linguistic network where vertices\nrepresentwords and edges stand for syntactic relationships between words. The\nstatisticalproperties of these networks have been recently studied and various\nfeatures such as the small-world phenomenon and a scale-free distribution of\ndegrees have been found. Our work focuses on four classes of words: verbs,\nnouns, adverbs and adjectives. Here, we use spectral methods sorting vertices.\nWe show that the ordering clusters words of the same class. For nouns and\nverbs, the cluster size distribution clearly follows a power-law distribution\nthat cannot be explained by a null hypothesis. Long-range correlations are\nfound between vertices in theordering provided by the spectral method. The\nfindings support the use of spectral methods for detecting community structure.",
        "positive": "Convergence to a Gaussian by narrowing of central peak in Brownian yet\n  non-Gaussian diffusion in disordered environments: In usual diffusion, the concentration profile, starting from an initial\ndistribution showing sharp features, first gets smooth and then converges to a\nGaussian. By considering several examples, we show that the art of convergence\nto a Gaussian in diffusion in disordered media with infinite contrast may be\nstrikingly different: sharp features of initial distribution do not smooth out\nat long times. This peculiarity of the strong disorder may be of importance for\ndiagnostics of disorder in complex, e.g. biological, systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy landscapes for the self-assembly of supramolecular polyhedra: We develop a mathematical model for the energy landscape of polyhedral\nsupramolecular cages recently synthesized by self-assembly [Sun et al., Science\n2010]. Our model includes two essential features of the experiment: (i)\ngeometry of the organic ligands and metallic ions; and (ii) combinatorics. The\nmolecular geometry is used to introduce an energy that favors square-planar\nvertices (modeling $\\mathrm{Pd}^{2+}$ ions) and bent edges with one of two\npreferred opening angles (modeling boomerang-shaped ligands of two types). The\ncombinatorics of the model involve $2$-colorings of edges of polyhedra with\n$4$-valent vertices. The set of such $2$-colorings, quotiented by the\noctahedral symmetry group, has a natural graph structure, and is called the\ncombinatorial configuration space. The energy landscape of our model is the\nenergy of each state in the combinatorial configuration space.\n  The challenge in the computation of the energy landscape is a combinatorial\nexplosion in the number of $2$-colorings of edges. We describe sampling methods\nbased on the symmetries of the configurations and connectivity of the\nconfiguration graph. When the two preferred opening angles encompass the\ngeometrically ideal angle, the energy landscape exhibits a very low-energy\nminimum for the most symmetric configuration at equal mixing of the two angles,\neven when the average opening angle does not match the ideal angle.",
        "positive": "Nucleation of cracks in a brittle sheet: We use molecular dynamics to study the nucleation of cracks in a two\ndimensional material without pre-existing cracks. We study models with zero and\nnon-zero shear modulus. In both situations the time required for crack\nformation obeys an Arrhenius law, from which the energy barrier and pre-factor\nare extracted for different system sizes. For large systems, the characteristic\ntime of rupture is found to decrease with system size, in agreement with\nclassical Weibull theory. In the case of zero shear modulus, the energy\nopposing rupture is identified with the breakage of a single atomic layer. In\nthe case of non-zero shear modulus, thermally activated fracture can only be\nstudied within a reasonable time at very high strains. In this case the energy\nbarrier involves the stretching of bonds within several layers, accounting for\na much higher barrier compared to the zero shear modulus case. This barrier is\nunderstood within adiabatic simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic constraints on the nonequilibrium response of\n  one-dimensional diffusions: We analyze the static response to perturbations of nonequilibrium steady\nstates that can be modeled as one-dimensional diffusions on the circle. We\ndemonstrate that an arbitrary perturbation can be broken up into a combination\nof three specific classes of perturbations that can be fruitfully addressed\nindividually. For each class, we derive a simple formula that quantitatively\ncharacterizes the response in terms of the strength of nonequilibrium driving\nvalid arbitrarily far from equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Anomalous transport and phonon renormalization in a chain with\n  transverse and longitudinal vibrations: We study thermal transport in a chain of coupled atoms, which can vibrate in\nlongitudinal as well as transverse directions. The particles interact through\nanharmonic potentials upto cubic order. The problem is treated quantum\nmechanically. We first calculate the phonon frequencies self-consistently\ntaking into account the anharmonic interactions. We show that for all the\nmodes, frequencies must have linear dispersion with wave-vector $q$ for small\n$q$ irrespective of their bare dispersions. We then calculate the phonon\nrelaxation rates $\\Gamma_i(q)$, where $i$ is the polarization index of the\nmode, in a self-consistent approximation based on second order perturbation\ndiagrams. We find that the relaxation rate for the longitudinal phonon,\n$\\Gamma_x(q) \\propto q^{3/2}$, while that for the transverse phonon\n$\\Gamma_y(q) \\propto q^2$. The consequence of these results on the thermal\nconductivity $\\kappa(N)$ of a chain of $N$ particles is that $\\kappa(N) \\propto\nN^{1/2}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The free energies of six-vertex models and the n-equivalence relation: The free energies of six-vertex models on general domain D with various\nboundary conditions are investigated with the use of the n-equivalence relation\nwhich classifies the thermodynamic limit properties. It is derived that the\nfree energy of the six-vertex model on the rectangle is unique in the limit in\nwhich both the height and the width goes to infinity. It is derived that the\nfree energies of the model on D are classified through the densities of\nleft/down arrows on the boundary. Specifically the free energy is identical to\nthat obtained by Lieb and Sutherland with the cyclic boundary condition when\nthe densities are both equal to 1/2. This fact explains several results already\nobtained through the transfer matrix calculations. The relation to the domino\ntiling (or dimer, or matching) problems is also noted.",
        "positive": "A Continuum Model for Morphology Formation from Interacting Ternary\n  Mixtures: Simulation Study of the Formation and Growth of Patterns: Our interest lies in exploring the ability of a coupled nonlocal system of\ntwo quasilinear parabolic partial differential equations to produce phase\nseparation patterns. The obtained patterns are referred here as morphologies.\nOur target system is derived in the literature as the rigorous hydrodynamic\nlimit of a suitably scaled interacting particle system of Blume--Capel--type\ndriven by Kawasaki dynamics. The system describes in a rather implicit way the\ninteraction within a ternary mixture that is the macroscopic counterpart of a\nmix of two populations of interacting solutes in the presence of a background\nsolvent. Our discussion is based on the qualitative behavior of numerical\nsimulations of finite volume approximations of smooth solutions to our system\nand their quantitative postprocessing in terms of two indicators (correlation\nand structure factor calculations). Our results show many similar features\ncompared to what one knows at the level of the stochastic Blume--Capel dynamics\nwith three interacting species. The properties of the obtained morphologies\n(shape, connectivity, and so on) can play a key role in, e.g., the design of\nthe active layer for efficient organic solar cells."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of the non-Markovianity and non-Gaussianity of active\n  environmental noises on engine performance: An active environment is a reservoir containing \\emph{active} materials, such\nas bacteria and Janus particles. Given the self-propelled motion of these\nmaterials, powered by chemical energy, an active environment has unique,\nnonequilibrium environmental noise. Recently, studies on engines that harvest\nenergy from active environments have attracted a great deal of attention\nbecause the theoretical and experimental findings indicate that these engines\noutperform conventional ones. Studies have explored the features of active\nenvironments essential for outperformance, such as the non-Gaussian or\nnon-Markovian nature of the active noise. However, these features have not yet\nbeen systematically investigated in a general setting. Therefore, we\nsystematically study the effects of the non-Gaussianity and non-Markovianity of\nactive noise on engine performance. We show that non-Gaussianity is irrelevant\nto the performance of an engine driven by {any linear force (including a\nharmonic trap) regardless of time dependency}, whereas non-Markovianity is\nrelevant. However, for a system driven by a general nonlinear force, both\nnon-Gaussianity and non-Markovianity enhance engine performance. Also, the\nmemory effect of an active reservoir should be considered when fabricating a\ncyclic engine.",
        "positive": "Comment on ``Specific heat of a Fermi system near ferromagnetic quantum\n  phase transition'' by Grosu, Bodea, and Crisan (cond-mat/0101392): We comment on various incorrect claims made in a recent paper by Grosu et al.\n(cond-mat/0101392)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Power law behavior associated with a Fibonacci Lucas model and\n  generalized statistical models: A Fibonacci-Lucas based statistical model and several other related models\nare studied. The canonical and grand canonical partition functions for these\nmodels are developed.Partition structure such as the distribution of sizes as\nin a cluster distribution is explored.Ensemble averaging over all partitions\nleads to a scale invariant power law behavior at a particular critical like\npoint. The canonical ensemble of the Fibonacci-Lucas case involves the\nGegenbauer polynomial.The model has a hyperbolic power law behavior, a feature\nlinked to the golden mean ratio of two adjacent Fibonacci numbers and also the\nconnection of Lucas numbers to the golden mean. The relation to other power law\nbehavior, such as Zipf and Pareto laws, is mentioned. For the cases considered,\nthe grand canonical ensemble involves the Gauss hypergeometric function\nF(a,b,c,z) with specific values for a,b,c. The general case has a variable\npower law behavior with tau exponent equal to1+c-a-b. An application with\na=1/2, b=1, c=3 and thus tau=5/2 very closely approximates Bose-Einstein\ncondensation. The zeta function zeta(3/2)=2.61 of the exact theory is replaced\nwith 8/3 and zeta(5/2)= 1.34 with 4/3. At the condensation point the number of\ncycles of length falls as a scale invariant power law. The cycles, which arise\nfrom permutation symmetries associated with Bose-Einstein statistics, can be\nviewed as links in a complex network of connections between particles. This\nscale invariant power law parallels that seen in complex networks. The growth\nof the network is developed using recurrence properties of the model.\nConstraints imposed by the canonical ensemble and associates correlations lead\nto some number theoretic connections between Fibonacci and Lucas numbers as an\nincidental consequence of this approach.",
        "positive": "Infinite-time Average of Local Fields in an Integrable Quantum Field\n  Theory after a Quantum Quench: The infinite-time average of the expectation values of local fields of any\ninteracting quantum theory after a global quench process are key quantities for\nmatching theoretical and experimental results. For quantum integrable field\ntheories, we show that they can be obtained by an ensemble average that employs\na particular limit of the Form Factors of local fields and quantities extracted\nby the Generalized Bethe Ansatz."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymmetric exclusion process with next-nearest-neighbor interaction:\n  some comments on traffic flow and a nonequilibrium reentrance transition: We study the steady-state behavior of a driven non-equilibrium lattice gas of\nhard-core particles with next-nearest-neighbor interaction. We calculate the\nexact stationary distribution of the periodic system and for a particular line\nin the phase diagram of the system with open boundaries where particles can\nenter and leave the system. For repulsive interactions the dynamics can be\ninterpreted as a two-speed model for traffic flow. The exact stationary\ndistribution of the periodic continuous-time system turns out to coincide with\nthat of the asymmetric exclusion process (ASEP) with discrete-time parallel\nupdate. However, unlike in the (single-speed) ASEP, the exact flow diagram for\nthe two-speed model resembles in some important features the flow diagram of\nreal traffic. The stationary phase diagram of the open system obtained from\nMonte Carlo simulations can be understood in terms of a shock moving through\nthe system and an overfeeding effect at the boundaries, thus confirming\ntheoretical predictions of a recently developed general theory of\nboundary-induced phase transitions. In the case of attractive interaction we\nobserve an unexpected reentrance transition due to boundary effects.",
        "positive": "Exact Hurst exponent and crossover behavior in a limit order market\n  model: An exclusion particle model is considered as a highly simplified model of a\nlimit order market. Its price behavior reproduces the well known crossover from\nover-diffusion (Hurst exponent H>1/2) to diffusion (H=1/2) when the time\nhorizon is increased, provided that orders are allowed to be canceled. For\nearly times a mapping to the totally asymmetric exclusion process yields the\nexact result H=2/3 which is in good agreement with empirical data. The\nunderlying universality class of the exclusion process suggests some robustness\nof the exponent with respect to changes in the trading rules. In the crossover\nregime the Hurst plot has a scaling property where the bulk\ndeposition/cancellation rate is the critical parameter. Analytical results are\nfully supported by numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Expectation Values of Local Fields in an Integrable Theory after a\n  Quantum Quench: The expectation values of local fields of any interacting quantum theory\nafter a quench process are key quantities for matching theoretical and\nexperimental results. For quantum integrable field theories, we argue that they\ncan be obtained by a generalization of the Leclair-Mussardo formula and a Bethe\nAnsatz result of Caux and Konik. Specializing to the Sinh-Gordon model and\ntaking the non-relativistic limit, one can recover the results of Kormos et al.\nfor the Lieb-Liniger model.",
        "positive": "Anomalous Heat Conduction in a Di-atomic One-Dimensional Ideal Gas: We provide firm convincing evidence that the energy transport in a\none-dimensional gas of elastically colliding free particles of unequal masses\nis anomalous, i.e. the Fourier Law does not hold. Our conclusions are based on\nthe analysis of the dependence of the heat current on the number of particles,\nof the internal temperature profile and on the Green-Kubo formalism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic correlations, fluctuation-dissipation relations, and effective\n  temperatures after a quantum quench of the transverse field Ising chain: Fluctuation-dissipation relations, i.e., the relation between two-time\ncorrelation and linear response functions, were successfully used to search for\nsigns of equilibration and to identify effective temperatures in the\nnon-equilibrium behavior of a number of macroscopic classical and quantum\nsystems in contact with thermal baths. Among the most relevant cases in which\nthe effective temperatures thus defined were shown to have a thermodynamic\nmeaning one finds the stationary dynamics of driven super-cooled liquids and\nvortex glasses, and the relaxation of glasses. Whether and under which\nconditions an effective thermal behavior can be found in quantum isolated\nmany-body systems after a global quench is a question of current interest. We\npropose to study the possible emergence of thermal behavior long after the\nquench by studying fluctuation-dissipation relations in which (possibly time-\nor frequency-dependent) parameters replace the equilibrium temperature. If\nthermalization within the Gibbs ensemble eventually occurs these parameters\nshould be constant and equal for all pairs of observables in \"partial\" or\n\"mutual\" equilibrium. We analyze these relations in the paradigmatic quantum\nsystem, i.e., the quantum Ising chain, in the stationary regime after a quench\nof the transverse field. The lack of thermalization to a Gibbs ensemble becomes\napparent within this approach.",
        "positive": "Renormalization group analysis for an asymmetric simple exclusion\n  process: A perturbative renormalization group method is used to obtain steady-state\ndensity profiles of a particle non-conserving asymmetric simple exclusion\nprocess. This method allows us to obtain a globally valid solution for the\ndensity profile without the asymptotic matching of bulk and boundary layer\nsolutions. In addition, we show a nontrivial scaling of the boundary layer\nwidth with the system size close to specific phase boundaries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical relaxation of correlators in periodically driven integrable\n  quantum systems: We show that the correlation functions of a class of periodically driven\nintegrable closed quantum systems approach their steady state value as\n$n^{-(\\alpha+1)/\\beta}$, where $n$ is the number of drive cycles and $\\alpha$\nand $\\beta$ denote positive integers. We find that generically $\\beta=2$ within\na dynamical phase characterized by a fixed $\\alpha$; however, its value can\nchange to $\\beta=3$ or $\\beta=4$ either at critical drive frequencies\nseparating two dynamical phases or at special points within a phase. We show\nthat such decays are realized in both driven Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) and\none-dimensional (1D) transverse field Ising models, discuss the role of\nsymmetries of the Floquet spectrum in determining $\\beta$, and chart out the\nvalues of $\\alpha$ and $\\beta$ realized in these models. We analyze the SSH\nmodel for a continuous drive protocol using a Floquet perturbation theory which\nprovides analytical insight into the behavior of the correlation functions in\nterms of its Floquet Hamiltonian. This is supplemented by an exact numerical\nstudy of a similar behavior for the 1D Ising model driven by a square pulse\nprotocol. For both models, we find a crossover timescale $n_c$ which diverges\nat the transition. We also unravel a long-time oscillatory behavior of the\ncorrelators when the critical drive frequency, $\\omega_c$, is approached from\nbelow ($\\omega < \\omega_c$). We tie such behavior to the presence of multiple\nstationary points in the Floquet spectrum of these models and provide an\nanalytic expression for the time period of these oscillations.",
        "positive": "Improving estimation of entropy production rate for run-and-tumble\n  particle systems by high-order thermodynamic uncertainty relation: Entropy production plays an important role in the regulation and stability of\nactive matter systems, and its rate quantifies the nonequilibrium nature of\nthese systems. However, entropy production is hard to be experimentally\nestimated even in some simple active systems like molecular motors or bacteria,\nwhich may be modeled by the run-and-tumble particle (RTP), a representative\nmodel in the study of active matters. Here we resolve this problem for an\nasymmetric RTP in one-dimension, firstly constructing a finite time\nthermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) for a RTP, which works well in the\nshort observation time regime for entropy production estimation. Nevertheless,\nwhen the activity dominates,i.e., the RTP is far from equilibrium, the lower\nbound for entropy production from TUR turns to be trivial. We address this\nissue by introducing a recently proposed high-order thermodynamic uncertainty\nrelation (HTUR), in which the cumulant generating function of current serve as\na key ingredient. To exploit the HTUR, we adopt a novel method to analytically\nobtain the cumulant generating function of the current we study, with no need\nto explicitly know the time-dependent probability distribution. The HTUR is\ndemonstrated to be able to estimate the steady state energy dissipation rate\naccurately because the cumulant generating function covers higher-order\nstatistics of the current, including rare and large fluctuations besides its\nvariance. Compared to the conventional TUR, the HTUR could give significantly\nimproved estimation of energy dissipation, which can work well even in the\nfar-from equilibrium regime. We also provide a strategy based on the improved\nbound to estimate the entropy production from moderate amount of trajectory\ndata for experimental feasibility."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coupled Intermittent Maps Modelling the Statistics of Genomic Sequences:\n  A Network Approach: The dynamics of coupled intermittent maps is used to model the correlated\nstructure of genomic sequences. The use of intermittent maps, as opposed to\nother simple chaotic maps, is particularly suited for the production of long\nrange correlation features which are observed in the genomic sequences of\nhigher eucaryotes. A weighted network approach to symbolic sequences is\nintroduced and it is shown that coupled intermittent polynomial maps produce\ndegree and link size distributions with power law exponents similar to the ones\nobserved in real genomes. The proposed network approach to symbolic sequences\nis generic and can be applied to any symbol sequence (artificial or natural).",
        "positive": "Meanders: Exact Asymptotics: We conjecture that meanders are governed by the gravitational version of a\nc=-4 two-dimensional conformal field theory, allowing for exact predictions for\nthe meander configuration exponent \\alpha=\\sqrt{29}(\\sqrt{29}+\\sqrt{5})/12, and\nthe semi-meander exponent {\\bar\\alpha}=1+\\sqrt{11}(\\sqrt{29}+\\sqrt{5})/24. This\nresult follows from an interpretation of meanders as pairs of fully packed\nloops on a random surface, described by two c=-2 free fields. The above values\nagree with recent numerical estimates. We generalize these results to a score\nof meandric numbers with various geometries and arbitrary loop fugacities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conditioned backward and forward times of diffusion with stochastic\n  resetting: a renewal theory approach: Stochastic resetting can be naturally understood as a renewal process\ngoverning the evolution of an underlying stochastic process. In this work, we\nformally derive well-known results of diffusion with resets from a renewal\ntheory perspective. Parallel to the concepts from renewal theory, we introduce\nthe conditioned backward and forward times for stochastic processes with\nresetting to be the times since the last and until the next reset, given that\nthe current state of the system is known. We focus on studying diffusion under\nMarkovian and non-Markovian resetting. For these cases, we find the conditioned\nbackward and forward time PDFs, comparing them with numerical simulations of\nthe process. In particular, we find that for power-law reset time PDFs with\nasymptotic form $\\varphi(t)\\sim t^{-1-\\alpha}$, significant changes in the\nproperties of the conditioned backward and forward times happen at half-integer\nvalues of $\\alpha$. This is due to the composition between the long-time\nscaling of diffusion $P(x,t)\\sim 1/\\sqrt{t}$ and the reset time PDF.",
        "positive": "A finite-temperature liquid-quasicrystal transition in a lattice model: We consider a tiling model of the two-dimensional square-lattice, where each\nsite is tiled with one of the sixteen Wang tiles. The ground states of this\nmodel are all quasi-periodic. The systems undergoes a disorder to\nquasi-periodicity phase transition at finite temperature. Introducing a proper\norder-parameter, we study the system at criticality, and extract the critical\nexponents characterizing the transition. The exponents obtained are consistent\nwith hyper-scaling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Characterization of Zero-point Vibration in One-Component Crystals: We study the magnitude of zero-point vibration in one-component crystals. For\nthe crystals whose constituent atoms share the same bonding geometry, we prove\nthe existence of a characteristic temperature, T0, at which the magnitude of\nzero-point vibrations equals to that of the excited vibrations. Within the\nDebye model T0 is found to be ~1/3 of the Debye temperature. The results are\ndemonstrated in realistic systems.",
        "positive": "Phase statistics and the Hamiltonian: Modern statistical thermodynamics retains the concepts employed by Landau of\nthe order parameter and a functional depending on it, now called the\nHamiltonian. The present paper investigates the limits of validity for the use\nof the functional to describe the statistical correlations of a thermodynamic\nphase, particularly in connection with the experimentally accessible scattering\nof X-rays, electrons and neutrons. Guggenheim's definition for the functional\nis applied to a generalized system and the associated paradoxes are analyzed.\nIn agreement with Landau's original hypothesis, it is demonstrated that the\nminimum is equal to the thermodynamic free energy, requiring no fluctuation\ncorrection term. Although the fluctuation amplitude becomes large in the\nvicinity of a second-order phase transition in low dimensionalities, it does\nnot diverge and the equilibrium order parameter remains well defined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Motional Averaging of Nuclear Resonance in a Field Gradient\": In the Letter by Nanette N. Jarenwattananon and Louis-S. Bouchard [PRL 114,\n197601 (2015)] an NMR experiment on gases in the presence of a magnetic-field\ngradient has been considered. As distinct from the traditional description of\nmolecular self-diffusion, the authors calculate the decoherence of the signal\ntaking into account the histories of molecular displacements. For this purpose\nthe generalized Langevin equation (GLE) is applied. We show that the use of\nthis equation is inappropriate. The calculations performed in the Letter are\nnot correct and do not lead to the reported revised expression for line\nbroadening that takes into account the autocorrelation effects in the diffusion\nprocess. The surprising temperature behavior of the observed NMR signal is thus\nnot explained. In particular, the linewidth does not follow the power law f ~\nT^(-1/2) at high temperatures.\n  We give also Remarks on the Jarenwattananon and Bouchard Reply [Phys. Rev.\nLett. 117, 249702 (2016)].",
        "positive": "Generalised $T\\bar{T}$-deformations of classical free particles: Deformations of many-body Hamiltonians by certain products of conserved\ncurrents, referred to as $T\\bar{T}$-deformations, are known to preserve\nintegrability. Generalised $T\\bar{T}$-deformations, based on the complete space\nof pseudolocal currents, were suggested [B. Doyon, J, Durnin, T. Yoshimura,\nScipost Physics 13, 072 (2022)] to give rise to integrable systems with\narbitrary two-body scattering shifts, going beyond those from known models or\nstandard CDD factors. However, locality properties were not clear. We construct\nexplicit generalised $T\\bar{T}$-deformations of the system of classical free\nparticles. We show rigorously that they are Liouville integrable Hamiltonian\nsystems with finite-range interactions. We show elastic, factorised scattering,\nwith a two-particle scattering shift that can be any continuously\ndifferentiable non-negative even function of momentum differences, fixed by the\n$T\\bar{T}$-deformation function. We show that the scattering map (or wave\noperator) has a finite-range property allowing us to trace carriers of\nasymptotic momenta even at finite times - an important characteristics of\nmany-body integrability. We evaluate the free energy and prove the\nthermodynamic Bethe ansatz with Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, including with\nspace-varying potentials and in finite and infinite volumes. We give equations\nfor the particles' trajectories where time appears explicitly, generalising the\ncontraction map of hard rod systems: the effect of generalised\n$T\\bar{T}$-deformations is to modify the local metric perceived by each\nparticle, adding extra space in a way that depends on their neighbours. The\nsystems generalise the gas of interacting Bethe ansatz wave packets recently\nintroduced in the Lieb-Liniger model. They form a new class of models that, we\nbelieve, most clearly make manifest the structures of many-body integrability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Apollonian packings as physical fractals: The Apollonian packings (APs) are fractals that result from a space-filling\nprocedure with spheres. We discuss the finite size effects for finite intervals\n$s\\in[s_\\mathrm{min},s_\\mathrm{max}]$ between the largest and the smallest\nsizes of the filling spheres. We derive a simple analytical generalization of\nthe scale-free laws, which allows a quantitative study of such \\textit{physical\nfractals}. To test our result, a new efficient space-filling algorithm has been\ndeveloped which generates random APs of spheres with a finite range of\ndiameters: the correct asymptotic limit\n$s_\\mathrm{min}/s_\\mathrm{max}\\rightarrow 0$ and the known APs' fractal\ndimensions are recovered and an excellent agreement with the generalized\nanalytic laws is proved within the overall ranges of sizes.",
        "positive": "Lagrange statistics in systems (markets) with price constraints:\n  Analysis of property, car sales, marriage and job markets by the Boltzmann\n  function and the Pareto distribution: Statistical models of economic distributions lead to Boltzmann distributions\nrather than a Pareto power law. This result is supported by two facts: 1. the\ndistributions of income, car sales, marriages or jobs are a matter of chances\nand luck and not of reason! 2. Data for property, automobile sales, marriages\nand job markets were analyzed by two models: the Pareto law and the Boltzmann\ndistribution of stochastic systems. In all cases the best fits to data were\nobtained by the Boltzmann function. This may indicate that the principles of\nstochastic systems like in physics, chemistry, thermodynamics may also be\napplied to economic systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonsteady dynamics at the dynamic depinning transition in the\n  two-dimensional Gaussian random-field Ising model: With large-scale Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the nonsteady\nrelaxation at the dynamic depinning transition in the two-dimensional Gaussian\nrandom-field Ising model. The dynamic scaling behavior is carefully analyzed,\nand the transition fields as well as static and dynamic exponents are\naccurately determined based on the short-time dynamic scaling form. Different\nfrom the usual assumption, two distinguished growth processes of spatial\ncorrelation lengths for the velocity and height of the domain wall are found.\nThus, the universality class of the depinning transition is established, which\nsignificantly differs from that of the quenched disorder equation but agrees\nwith that of the recent experiment as well as other simulations works. Under\nthe influence of the mesoscopic time regime, the crossover from the\nsecond-order phase transition to the first-order one is confirmed in the\nweak-disorder regime, yielding an abnormal disorder-dependent nature of the\ncriticality.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of collapsing and exploding Bose-Einstein condensates: We explored the dynamics of how a Bose-Einstein condensate collapses and\nsubsequently explodes when the balance of forces governing the size and shape\nof the condensate is suddenly altered. A condensate's equilibrium size and\nshape is strongly affected by the inter-atomic interactions. Our ability to\ninduce a collapse by switching the interactions from repulsive to attractive by\ntuning an externally-applied magnetic field yields a wealth of detailed\ninformation on the violent collapse process. We observe anisotropic atom bursts\nthat explode from the condensate, atoms leaving the condensate in undetected\nforms, spikes appearing in the condensate wave function, and oscillating\nremnant condensates that survive the collapse. These all have curious\ndependencies on time, the strength of the interaction, and the number of\ncondensate atoms. Although ours would seem to be a simple well-characterized\nsystem, our measurements reveal many interesting phenomena that challenge\ntheoretical models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion in Modulated Media: We study the motion of Brownian particle in modulated media in the strong\ndamping limit by using {\\em toy model}, with special emphasis on the transition\nfrom localise to diffusive behavior. By using model potential we have seen the\nlocalised behavior when the number of minima of the potential is finite in the\nasymptotic time limit. In the limit of infinite number of minima we have seen\nthe diffusive behavior.We calculate exactly the diffusion coefficient in\nperiodic field of force. We have also studied the transport in commensurate and\nincommensurate media.",
        "positive": "Epidemic dynamics and endemic states in complex networks: We study by analytical methods and large scale simulations a dynamical model\nfor the spreading of epidemics in complex networks. In networks with\nexponentially bounded connectivity we recover the usual epidemic behavior with\na threshold defining a critical point below which the infection prevalence is\nnull. On the contrary, on a wide range of scale-free networks we observe the\nabsence of an epidemic threshold and its associated critical behavior. This\nimplies that scale-free networks are prone to the spreading and the persistence\nof infections whatever spreading rate the epidemic agents might possess. These\nresults can help understanding computer virus epidemics and other spreading\nphenomena on communication and social networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-propulsion with speed and orientation fluctuation: exact\n  computation of moments and dynamical bistabilities in displacement: We consider the influence of active speed fluctuations on the dynamics of a\n$d$-dimensional active Brownian particle performing a persistent stochastic\nmotion. We use the Laplace transform of the Fokker-Planck equation to obtain\nexact expressions for time-dependent dynamical moments. Our results agree with\ndirect numerical simulations and show several dynamical crossovers determined\nby the activity, persistence, and speed fluctuation.The persistence in the\nmotion leads to anisotropy, with the parallel component of displacement\nfluctuation showing sub-diffusive behavior and non-monotonic variation. The\nkurtosis remains positive at short times determined by the speed fluctuation,\ncrossing over to a negative minimum at intermediate times governed by the\npersistence before vanishing asymptotically. The probability distribution of\nparticle displacement obtained from numerical simulations in two-dimension\nshows two crossovers between contracted and expanded trajectories via two\nbimodal distributions at intervening times. While the speed fluctuation\ndominates the first crossover, the second crossover is controlled by\npersistence like in the worm-like chain model of semiflexible polymers.",
        "positive": "Injected power fluctuations for a non-equilibrium electronic disspative\n  system in space: In this article we present an experimental study of the statistical\nproperties for the injected power fluctuations of a dissipative system as a\nfunction of external environmental conditions. A Brownian motion analog is\nimplemented using a series resistor and capacitor circuit with an\nOrstein-Ulhenbeck forcing. This system is tested in a controlled thermal bath\nat the laboratory, setting the bath temperature and different bath atmospheric\npressures. The non-equilibrium system shows a higher correlation factor between\nthe external forcing and the system response with increasing bath atmospheric\npressure at constant temperature. These results were put to test in an\nuncontrolled bath such as space, by using a satellite orbiting at 505 km of\naltitude. A reduced version of the previous experiment was built to fit the\nsatellite capabilities and was successfully integrated in the inner side of the\nsatellite and then run in several locations of its orbit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fate of 2D Kinetic Ising Ferromagnets and Critical Percolation Crossing\n  Probabilities: We present evidence for a deep connection between the zero-temperature\ncoarsening of the two-dimensional kinetic Ising model (KIM) and critical\ncontinuum percolation. In addition to reaching the ground state, the KIM can\nalso fall into a variety of topologically distinct metastable stripe states.\nThe probability to reach a stripe state that winds a times horizontally and b\ntimes vertically on a square lattice with periodic boundary conditions equals\nthe corresponding exactly-solved critical percolation crossing probability\nP_{a,b} for a spanning path with winding numbers a and b.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamically Important Contacts in Folding of Model Proteins: We introduce a quantity, the entropic susceptibility, that measures the\nthermodynamic importance-for the folding transition-of the contacts between\namino acids in model proteins. Using this quantity, we find that only one\nequilibrium run of a computer simulation of a model protein is sufficient to\nselect a subset of contacts that give rise to the peak in the specific heat\nobserved at the folding transition. To illustrate the method, we identify\nthermodynamically important contacts in a model 46-mer. We show that only about\n50% of all contacts present in the protein native state are responsible for the\nsharp peak in the specific heat at the folding transition temperature, while\nthe remaining 50% of contacts do not affect the specific heat."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lowest Landau Level vortex structure of a Bose-Einstein condensate\n  rotating in a harmonic plus quartic trap: We investigate the vortex patterns appearing in a two-dimensional annular\nBose-Einstein condensate rotating in a quadratic plus quartic confining\npotential. We show that in the limit of small anharmonicity the\nGross-Pitaevskii energy can be minimized amongst the Lowest Landau Level wave\nfunctions and use this particular form to get theoretical results in the spirit\nof [A. Aftalion X. Blanc F. Nier, Phys. Rev. A 73, 011601(R) (2006)]. In\nparticular, we show that the vortex pattern is infinite but not uniform. We\nalso compute numerically the complete vortex structure: it is an Abrikosov\nlattice strongly distorted near the edges of the condensate with multiply\nquantized vortices appearing at the center of the trap.",
        "positive": "Statistical measure of complexity and correlated behavior of Fermi\n  systems: We apply the statistical measure of complexity, introduced by L\\'{o}pez-Ruiz,\nMancini and Calbet (LMC), to uniform Fermi systems. We investigate the\nconnection between information and complexity measures with the strongly\ncorrelated behavior of various Fermi systems as nuclear matter, electron gas\nand liquid helium. We examine the possibility that LMC complexity can serve as\nan index quantifying correlations in the specific system and to which extent\ncould be related with experimental quantities. Moreover, we concentrate on\nthermal effects on the complexity of ideal Fermi systems. We find that\ncomplexity behaves, both at low and high values of temperature, in a similar\nway as the specific heat."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical theory of self-similarly distributed fields: A field theory is built for self-similar statistical systems with both\ngenerating functional being the Mellin transform of the Tsallis exponential and\ngenerator of the scale transformation that is reduced to the Jackson\nderivative. With such a choice, the role of a fluctuating order parameter is\nshown to play deformed logarithm of the amplitude of a hydrodynamic mode.\nWithin the harmonic approach, deformed partition function and moments of the\norder parameter of lower powers are found. A set of equations for the\ngenerating functional is obtained to take into account constraints and symmetry\nof the statistical system.",
        "positive": "On Performance Measures for Infinite Swapping Monte Carlo Methods: We introduce and illustrate a number of performance measures for rare-event\nsampling methods. These measures are designed to be of use in a variety of\nexpanded ensemble techniques including parallel tempering as well as infinite\nand partial infinite swapping approaches. Using a variety of selected\napplications we address questions concerning the variation of sampling\nperformance with respect to key computational ensemble parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation transition and drifting condensates in the accelerated\n  exclusion process: Recently, it was shown that spatial correlations may have a drastic effect on\nthe dynamics of real-space condensates in driven mass-transport systems: in\nmodels with a spatially correlated steady state, the condensate is quite\ngenerically found to drift with a non-vanishing velocity. Here we examine the\ncondensate dynamics in the accelerate exclusion process (AEP), where spatial\ncorrelations are present. This model is a \"facilitated\" generalization of the\ntotally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) where each hopping particle\nmay trigger another hopping event. Within a mean-field approach that captures\nsome of the effects of correlations, we calculate the phase diagram of the AEP,\nanalyze the nature of the condensation transition, and show that the condensate\ndrifts, albeit with a velocity that vanishes in the thermodynamic limit.\nNumerical simulations are consistent with the mean-field phase diagram.",
        "positive": "Maximal entropy random walk improves efficiency of trapping in\n  dendrimers: We use maximal entropy random walk (MERW) to study the trapping problem in\ndendrimers modeled by Cayley trees with a deep trap fixed at the central node.\nWe derive an explicit expression for the mean first passage time from any node\nto the trap, as well as an exact formula for the average trapping time (ATT),\nwhich is the average of the source-to-trap mean first passage time over all\nnon-trap starting nodes. Based on the obtained closed-form solution for ATT, we\nfurther deduce an upper bound for the leading behavior of ATT, which is the\nfourth power of $\\ln N$, where $N$ is the system size. This upper bound is much\nsmaller than the ATT of trapping depicted by unbiased random walk in Cayley\ntrees, the leading scaling of which is a linear function of $N$. These results\nshow that MERW can substantially enhance the efficiency of trapping performed\nin dendrimers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical phenomena in atmospheric precipitation: Critical phenomena near continuous phase transitions are typically observed\non the scale of wavelengths of visible light[1]. Here we report similar\nphenomena for atmospheric precipitation on scales of tens of kilometers. Our\nobservations have important implications not only for meteorology but also for\nthe interpretation of self-organized criticality (SOC) in terms of\nabsorbing-state phase transitions, where feedback mechanisms between order- and\ntuning-parameter lead to criticality.[2] While numerically the corresponding\nphase transitions have been studied,[3, 4] we characterise for the first time a\nphysical system believed to display SOC[5] in terms of its underlying phase\ntransition. In meteorology the term quasi-equilibrium (QE)[6] refers to a state\ntowards which the atmosphere is driven by slow large-scale processes and rapid\nconvective buoyancy release. We present evidence here that QE, postulated two\ndecades earlier than SOC[7], is associated with the critical point of a\ncontinuous phase transition and is thus an instance of SOC.",
        "positive": "The 3-State Potts Antiferromagnet on the Hexagonal Lattice: We study the 3-state hexagonal-lattice Potts antiferromagnet by a Monte Carlo\nsimulation using the Wang-Swendsen-Kotecky cluster algorithm. We study the\nstaggered susceptibility and the correlation length, and we confirm that this\nmodel is disordered at all temperatures T>=0. We also measure the ground-state\nentropy density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deterministic endless collective evolvement in active nematics: We propose a simple deterministic dynamic equation and reveal the mechanism\nof large-scale endless evolvement of spatial density inhomogeneity in active\nnematic. We determine the phase regions analytically. The interplay of density,\nmagnitude of nematic order, and nematic director is crucial for the\nlong-wave-length instability and the emergence of seemingly fluctuated\ncollective motions. Ordered nematic domains can absorb particles, grow and\ndivide endlessly. The present finding extends our understanding of the\nlarge-scale and seemingly fluctuated organization in active fluids.",
        "positive": "Kinetic theory of point vortices in two dimensions: analytical results\n  and numerical simulations: We develop the kinetic theory of point vortices in two-dimensional\nhydrodynamics and illustrate the main results of the theory with numerical\nsimulations. We first consider the evolution of the system \"as a whole\" and\nshow that the evolution of the vorticity profile is due to resonances between\ndifferent orbits of the point vortices. The evolution stops when the profile of\nangular velocity becomes monotonic even if the system has not reached the\nstatistical equilibrium state (Boltzmann distribution). In that case, the\nsystem remains blocked in a sort of metastable state with a non standard\ndistribution. We also study the relaxation of a test vortex in a steady bath of\nfield vortices. The relaxation of the test vortex is described by a\nFokker-Planck equation involving a diffusion term and a drift term. The\ndiffusion coefficient, which is proportional to the density of field vortices\nand inversely proportional to the shear, usually decreases rapidly with the\ndistance. The drift is proportional to the gradient of the density profile of\nthe field vortices and is connected to the diffusion coefficient by a\ngeneralized Einstein relation. We study the evolution of the tail of the\ndistribution function of the test vortex and show that it has a front\nstructure. We also study how the temporal auto-correlation function of the\nposition of the test vortex decreases with time and find that it usually\nexhibits an algebraic behavior with an exponent that we compute analytically.\nWe mention analogies with other systems with long-range interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stirred Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation with quenched random noise:\n  Emergence of induced nonlinearity: We study the stochastic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation for kinetic roughening\nwhere the time-independent (columnar or spatially quenched) Gaussian random\nnoise $f(t,{\\bf x})$ is specified by the pair correlation function $\\langle\nf(t,{\\bf x})f(t',{\\bf x'}) \\rangle \\propto \\delta^{(d)} ({\\bf x-x'})$, $d$\nbeing the dimension of space. The field-theoretic renormalization group\nanalysis shows that the effect of turbulent motion of the environment (modelled\nby the coupling with the velocity field described by the Kazantsev-Kraichnan\nstatistical ensemble for an incompressible fluid) gives rise to a new nonlinear\nterm, quadratic in the velocity field. It turns out that this \"induced\"\nnonlinearity strongly affects the scaling behaviour in several universality\nclasses (types of long-time, large-scale asymptotic regimes) even when the\nturbulent advection appears irrelevant in itself. Practical calculation of the\ncritical exponents (that determine the universality classes) is performed to\nthe first order of the double expansion in $\\varepsilon=4-d$ and the velocity\nexponent $\\xi$ (one-loop approximation). As is the case with most \"descendants\"\nof the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang model, some relevant fixed points of the\nrenormalization group equations lie in \"forbidden zones,\" i.e. in those\ncorresponding to negative kinetic coefficients or complex couplings. This\npersistent phenomenon in stochastic non-equilibrium models requires careful and\ninventive physical interpretation.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of non-equilibrium steady states: We consider the problem of constructing a thermodynamic theory of\nnon-equilibrium steady states as a formal extension of the equilibrium theory.\nSpecifically, studying a particular system, we attempt to construct a\nphenomenological theory describing the interplay between heat and mechanical\nwork that takes place during operations through which the system undergoes\ntransitions between non-equilibrium steady states. We find that, in contrast to\nthe case of the equilibrium theory, apparently, there exists no systematic way\nwithin a phenomenological formulation to describe the work done by the system\nduring such operations. With this observation, we conclude that the attempt to\nconstruct a thermodynamic theory of non-equilibrium steady states in analogy to\nthe equilibrium theory has limited prospects for success and that the pursuit\nof such a theory should be directed elsewhere."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jarzynski Equality for Soret Equilibria -- Virtues of Virtual Potentials: The Jarzynski equality relates the free energy difference between two\nequilibrium states to the fluctuating irreversible work afforded to switch\nbetween them. The prescribed fixed temperature for the equilibrium states\nimplicitly constrains the dissipative switching process that can take the\nsystem far from equilibrium. Here, we demonstrate theoretically and\nexperimentally that such a relation also holds for the nonisothermal case,\nwhere the initial stationary state is not in equilibrium and the switching is\neffected by dynamically changing temperature gradients instead of a\nconservative force. Our demonstration employs a single colloidal particle\ntrapped by optically induced thermophoretic drift currents. It relies on\nidentifying suitable equivalents of classical work and heat and our ability to\nmeasure their distributions and express them in terms of a virtual potential.",
        "positive": "Metadiffusion: We predict that the speed of a diffusion front is modified by tidal forces.\nThis effect is small in astrophysical situations, but could be significant -\nindeed tunably so - in \"gravitational analogues\" such as gradient-index lenses.\nConfirming this prediction would extend the concept of metamaterials to the\nrealm of dissipative transport phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The viscous slowing down of supercooled liquids as a\n  temperature-controlled superArrhenius activated process: a description in\n  terms of frustration-limited domains: We propose that the salient feature to be explained about the glass\ntransition of supercooled liquids is the temperature-controlled superArrhenius\nactivated nature of the viscous slowing down, more strikingly seen in\nweakly-bonded, fragile systems. In the light of this observation, the relevance\nof simple models of spherically interacting particles and that of models based\non free-volume congested dynamics are questioned. Finally, we discuss how the\nmain aspects of the phenomenology of supercooled liquids, including the\ncrossover from Arrhenius to superArrhenius activated behavior and the\nheterogeneous character of the $\\alpha$ relaxation, can be described by an\napproach based on frustration-limited domains.",
        "positive": "An exactly solvable model of a highly efficient thermoelectric engine: We propose a simple classical dynamical model of a thermoelectric (or\nthermochemical) heat engine based on a pair of ideal gas containers connected\nby two unequal scattering channels. The model is solved analytically and it is\nshown that a suitable combination of parameters can be chosen such that the\nengine operates at Carnot's efficiency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shear flow of angular grains: acoustic effects and non-monotonic rate\n  dependence of volume: Naturally-occurring granular materials often consist of angular particles\nwhose shape and frictional characteristics may have important implications on\nmacroscopic flow rheology. In this paper, we provide a theoretical account for\nthe peculiar phenomenon of auto-acoustic compaction -- non-monotonic variation\nof shear band volume with shear rate in angular particles -- recently observed\nin experiments. Our approach is based on the notion that the volume of a\ngranular material is determined by an effective-disorder temperature known as\nthe compactivity. Noise sources in a driven granular material couple its\nvarious degrees of freedom and the environment, causing the flow of entropy\nbetween them. The grain-scale dynamics is described by the\nshear-transformation-zone (STZ) theory of granular flow, which accounts for\nirreversible plastic deformation in terms of localized flow defects whose\ndensity is governed by the state of configurational disorder. To model the\neffects of grain shape and frictional characteristics, we propose an Ising-like\ninternal variable to account for nearest-neighbor grain interlocking and\ngeometric frustration, and interpret the effect of friction as an acoustic\nnoise strength. We show quantitative agreement between experimental\nmeasurements and theoretical predictions, and propose additional experiments\nthat provide stringent tests on the new theoretical elements.",
        "positive": "Effective Field Theory of the Zero-Temperature Triangular-Lattice\n  Antiferromagnet: A Monte Carlo Study: Using a Monte Carlo coarse-graining technique introduced by Binder et al., we\nhave explicitly constructed the continuum field theory for the zero-temperature\ntriangular Ising antiferromagnet. We verify the conjecture that this is a\ngaussian theory of the height variable in the interface representation of the\nspin model. We also measure the height-height correlation function and deduce\nthe stiffness constant. In addition, we investigate the nature of defect-defect\ninteractions at finite temperatures, and find that the two-dimensional Coulomb\ngas scenario applies at low temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large Deviation Function of the Partially Asymmetric Exclusion Process: The large deviation function obtained recently by Derrida and Lebowitz for\nthe totally asymmetric exclusion process is generalized to the partially\nasymmetric case in the scaling limit. The asymmetry parameter rescales the\nscaling variable in a simple way. The finite-size corrections to the universal\nscaling function and the universal cumulant ratio are also obtained to the\nleading order.",
        "positive": "Wrapping and unwrapping multifractal fields: We develop a powerful yet simple method that generates multifractal fields\nwith fully controlled scaling properties. Adopting the Multifractal Random Walk\n(MRW) model of Bacry et al. (2001), synthetic multifractal fields are obtained\nfrom the fractional integration of non-Gaussian fluctuations, built by a\nnon-linear transformation of log-correlated Gaussian fields. The resulting\nfields are parameterized by their roughness exponent $H$, intermittency\n$\\lambda$ and multifractal range $\\xi_\\omega$. We retrieve all the salient\nfeatures of the MRW, namely a quadratic scaling exponent spectrum $\\zeta_q$,\nfat-tail statistics of fluctuations, and spatial correlations of local\nvolatility. Such features can be finely tuned, allowing for the generation of\nideal multifractals mimicking real multi-affine fields. The construction\nprocedure is then used the other way around to unwrap experimental data -- here\nthe roughness map of a fractured metallic alloy. Our analysis evidences subtle\ndifferences with synthetic fields, namely anisotropic filamental clusters\nreminiscent of dissipation structures found in fluid turbulence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Particles, string and interface in the three-dimensional Ising model: We consider the three-dimensional Ising model slightly below its critical\ntemperature, with boundary conditions leading to the presence of an interface.\nWe show how the interfacial properties can be deduced starting from the\nparticle modes of the underlying field theory. The product of the surface\ntension and the correlation length yields the particle density along the string\nwhose propagation spans the interface. We also determine the order parameter\nand energy density profiles across the interface, and show that they are in\ncomplete agreement with Monte Carlo simulations that we perform.",
        "positive": "Fall Rate of Sub-micron Particles and Bare Shear Viscosity: I. Diffusion\n  Equation: Kim and Fedele discovered experimental evidence for the breakdown of the\nMillikan's Law for the fall rate of oil droplets in Nitrogen gas and the\ndiscrepancy is most pronounced for the smallest, sub-micron size particles.\nHere we explain these results by showing that the particle's motion is\ndetermined in part by the bare shear viscosity which is defined by the\naveraging length lambda. This is in contrast to the usual theory which involves\nthe renormalized shear viscosity. An increase in gas pressure produces a\ndecrease in the bare shear viscosity and as a result the fall rate increases.\nThis behavior is opposite the Millikan Law prediction that an increase in\npressure produces a decrease in fall rate. As a result, the bare shear\nviscosity is experimentally measurable by the fallrate. The theory here uses a\nconvective diffusion equation and a Langevin approach will be presented\nelsewhere."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ising Meets Ornstein and Zernike, Debye and Huckel, Widom and Rowlinson,\n  and Others: The name Ising has come to stand not only for a specific model, but for an\nentire universality class - arguably the most important such class - in the\ntheory of critical phenomena. I review several examples, both in and out of\nequilibrium, in which Ising universality appears or is pertinent. The\n\"Ornstein-Zernike\" connection concerns a thermodynamically self-consistent\nclosure of the eponymous relation, which lies at the basis of the modern theory\nof liquids, as applied to the Ising lattice gas. Debye and Huckel founded the\nstatistical mechanics of ionic solutions, which, despite the long-range nature\nof the interaction, now appear to exhibit Ising-like criticality. The model of\nWidom and Rowlinson involves only excluded-volume interactions between unlike\nspecies, but again belongs to the Ising universality class.\nFar-from-equilibrium models of voting behavior, catalysis, and hysteresis\nprovide further examples of this ubiquitous universality class.",
        "positive": "Infinite family of second-law-like inequalities: The probability distribution function for an out of equilibrium system may\nsometimes be approximated by a physically motivated \"trial\" distribution. A\nparticularly interesting case is when a driven system (e.g., active matter) is\napproximated by a thermodynamic one. We show here that every set of trial\ndistributions yields an inequality playing the role of a generalization of the\nsecond law. The better the approximation is, the more constraining the\ninequality becomes: this suggests a criterion for its accuracy, as well as an\noptimization procedure that may be implemented numerically and even\nexperimentally. The fluctuation relation behind this inequality, -a natural and\npractical extension of the Hatano-Sasa theorem-, does not rely on the a priori\nknowledge of the stationary probability distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Symmetry decomposition of negativity of massless free fermions: We consider the problem of symmetry decomposition of the entanglement\nnegativity in free fermionic systems. Rather than performing the standard\npartial transpose, we use the partial time-reversal transformation which\nnaturally encodes the fermionic statistics. The negativity admits a resolution\nin terms of the charge imbalance between the two subsystems. We introduce a\nnormalised version of the imbalance resolved negativity which has the advantage\nto be an entanglement proxy for each symmetry sector, but may diverge in the\nlimit of pure states for some sectors. Our main focus is then the resolution of\nthe negativity for a free Dirac field at finite temperature and size. We\nconsider both bipartite and tripartite geometries and exploit conformal field\ntheory to derive universal results for the charge imbalance resolved\nnegativity. To this end, we use a geometrical construction in terms of an\nAharonov-Bohm-like flux inserted in the Riemann surface defining the\nentanglement. We interestingly find that the entanglement negativity is always\nequally distributed among the different imbalance sectors at leading order. Our\nanalytical findings are tested against exact numerical calculations for free\nfermions on a lattice.",
        "positive": "Universal entanglement entropy in the ground state of biased bipartite\n  systems: The ground state entanglement entropy is studied in a many-body bipartite\nquantum system with either a single or multiple conserved quantities. It is\nshown that the entanglement entropy exhibits a universal power-law behaviour at\nlarge $R$ -- the occupancy ratio between the two subsystems. Single and\nmultiple conserved quantities lead to different power-law exponents, suggesting\nthe entanglement entropy can serve to detect hidden conserved quantities.\nMoreover, occupancy measurements allow to infer the bipartite entanglement\nentropy. All the above results are generalized for the R\\'enyi entropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-diffusion in a monatomic glassforming liquid embedded in the\n  hyperbolic plane: We study by Molecular Dynamics simulation the slowing down of particle motion\nin a two-dimensional monatomic model: a Lennard-Jones liquid on the hyperbolic\nplane. The negative curvature of the embedding space frustrates the long-range\nextension of the local hexagonal order. As a result, the liquid avoids\ncrystallization and forms a glass. We show that, as temperature decreases, the\nsingle particle motion displays the canonical features seen in real\nglassforming liquids: the emergence of a \"plateau\" at intermediate times in the\nmean square displacement and a decoupling between the local relaxation time and\nthe (hyperbolic) diffusion constant.",
        "positive": "Diagram for vortex formation in quasi-two-dimensional magnetic dots: The existence of nonlinear objects of the vortex type in two-dimensional\nmagnetic systems presents itself as one of the most promising candidates for\nthe construction of nanodevices, useful for storing data, and for the\nconstruction of reading and writing magnetic heads. The vortex appears as the\nground state of a magnetic nanodisk whose magnetic moments interact via\ndipole-dipole potential?. In this work it is investigated the conditions for\nthe formation of vortices in nanodisks in triangular, square, and hexagonal\nlattices as a function of the size of the lattice and of the strength of the\ndipole interaction D. Our results show that there is a \"transition\" line\nseparating the vortex state from a capacitor like state. This line has a finite\nsize scaling form depending on the size, L, of the system as Dc=D0\n+1/A(?1+B*L^2)?. This behavior is obeyed by the three types of lattices. Inside\nthe vortex phase it is possible to identify two types of vortices separated by\na constant, D=Dc, line: An in-plane and an out-of-plane vortex. We observed\nthat the out-of-plane phase does not appear for the triangular lattice. In a\ntwo layer system the extra layer of dipoles works as an effective out-of-plane\nanisotropy inducing a large S^z component at the center of the vortex. Also, we\nanalyzed the mechanism for switching the out-of-plane vortex component.\nContrary to some reported results, we found evidences that the mechanism is not\na creation-annihilation vortex anti-vortex process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "High-field limit of the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck system: A\n  comparison of different perturbation methods: A reduced drift-diffusion (Smoluchowski-Poisson) equation is found for the\nelectric charge in the high-field limit of the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck\nsystem, both in one and three dimensions. The corresponding electric field\nsatisfies a Burgers equation. Three methods are compared in the one-dimensional\ncase: Hilbert expansion, Chapman-Enskog procedure and closure of the hierarchy\nof equations for the moments of the probability density. Of these methods, only\nthe Chapman-Enskog method is able to systematically yield reduced equations\ncontaining terms of different order.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of interacting system of DNAs: We define a DNA as a sequence of $1, 2$'s and embed it on a path of Cayley\ntree in such a way that each vertex of the Cayley tree belongs only to one of\nDNA and each DNA has its own countably many set of neighboring DNAs. The\nHamiltonian of this set of DNAs is a model with two spin values considered as\nDNA base pairs. We describe translation invariant Gibbs measures (TIGM) of the\nmodel on the Cayley tree of order two and use them to study thermodynamic\nproperties of the model of DNAs. We show that there is a critical temperature\n$T_{\\rm c}$ such that (i) if temperature $T\\geq T_{\\rm c}$ then there exists\nunique TIGM; (ii) if $T<T_{\\rm c}$ then there are three TIGMs. Each TIGM gives\na phase of the set of DNAs. In case of very high and very low temperatures we\ngive stationary distributions and typical configurations of the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Some Exact Results on the Potts Model Partition Function in a Magnetic\n  Field: We consider the Potts model in a magnetic field on an arbitrary graph $G$.\nUsing a formula of F. Y. Wu for the partition function $Z$ of this model as a\nsum over spanning subgraphs of $G$, we prove some properties of $Z$ concerning\nfactorization, monotonicity, and zeros. A generalization of the Tutte\npolynomial is presented that corresponds to this partition function. In this\ncontext we formulate and discuss two weighted graph-coloring problems. We also\ngive a general structural result for $Z$ for cyclic strip graphs.",
        "positive": "Fluctuating Quantum Kinetic Theory: We consider a quantum Langevin kinetic equation for a system of fermions. We\nfirst derive the Langevin force noise correlation functions in Landau's\nFermi-liquid kinetic theory from general considerations. We then use the\nresulting equation to calculate the equilibrium dynamic structure factor in the\ncollisionless regime at low temperatures. The result is in agreement with the\nconventional many-body result. We then use the theory to derive both the\nfluctuating Navier-Stokes equations for a quantum fluid and the fluctuating\nhydrodynamic equations for fermions in the presence of quenched disorder. We\nalso discuss the modifications needed for the fluctuating hydrodynamic\nequations to describe an electron fluid with long-ranged interactions, and we\nprove an H-theorem for the nonlinear Landau kinetic equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Entropies and Statistical Mechanics: We consider the problem of defining free energy and other thermodynamic\nfunctions when the entropy is given as a general function of the probablity\ndistribution, including that for non extensive forms. We find that the free\nenergy, which is central to the determination of all other quantities, can be\nobtained uniquely numerically ebven when it is the root of a transcendental\nequation. In particular we study the cases for Tsallis form and a new form\nproposed by us recently. We compare the free energy, the internal energy and\nthe specific heat of a simple system two energy states for each of these forms.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamic mean field solutions of 1D exclusion processes with\n  spatially varying hopping rates: We analyze the open boundary partially asymmetric exclusion process with\nsmoothly varying internal hopping rates in the infinite-size, mean field limit.\nThe mean field equations for particle densities are written in terms of Ricatti\nequations with the steady-state current $J$ as a parameter. These equations are\nsolved both analytically and numerically. Upon imposing the boundary conditions\nset by the injection and extraction rates, the currents $J$ are found\nself-consistently. We find a number of cases where analytic solutions can be\nfound exactly or approximated. Results for $J$ from asymptotic analyses for\nslowly varying hopping rates agree extremely well with those from extensive\nMonte Carlo simulations, suggesting that mean field currents asymptotically\napproach the exact currents in the hydrodynamic limit, as the hopping rates\nvary slowly over the lattice. If the forward hopping rate is greater than or\nless than the backward hopping rate throughout the entire chain, the three\nstandard steady-state phases are preserved. Our analysis reveals the\nsensitivity of the current to the relative phase between the forward and\nbackward hopping rate functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-organized criticality in an interface-growth model with quenched\n  randomness: We study a modified model of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation with quenched\ndisorder, in which the driving force decreases as the interface rises up. A\ncritical state is self-organized, and the anomalous scaling law with roughness\nexponent alpha=0.63 is numerically obtained.",
        "positive": "Optimal performance of periodically driven, stochastic heat engines\n  under limited control: We consider the performance of periodically driven stochastic heat engines in\nthe linear response regime. Reaching the theoretical bounds for efficiency and\nefficiency at maximum power typically requires full control over the design and\nthe driving of the system. We develop a framework which allows to quantify the\nrole that limited control over the system has on the performance. Specifically,\nwe show that optimizing the driving entering the work extraction for a given\ntemperature protocol leads to a universal, one-parameter dependence for both\nmaximum efficiency and maximum power as a function of efficiency. In\nparticular, we show that reaching Carnot efficiency (and, hence, Curzon-Ahlborn\nefficiency at maximum power) requires to have control over the amplitude of the\nfull Hamiltonian of the system. Since the kinetic energy cannot be controlled\nby an external parameter, heat engines based on underdamped dynamics can\ntypically not reach Carnot efficiency. We illustrate our general theory with a\nparadigmatic case study of a heat engine consisting of an underdamped charged\nparticle in a modulated two-dimensional harmonic trap in the presence of a\nmagnetic field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Accuracy of energy measurement and reversible operation of a\n  microcanonical Szilard engine: In a recent paper [Vaikuntanathan and Jarzynski, Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 83},\n061120 (2011), arXiv:1105.1744] a model was introduced whereby work could be\nextracted from a thermal bath by measuring the energy of a particle that was\nthermalized by the bath and manipulating the potential of the particle in the\nappropriate way, depending on the measurement outcome. If the extracted work is\n$W_1$ and the work $W_{\\text{er}}$ needed to be dissipated in order to erase\nthe measured information in accordance with Landauer's principle, it was shown\nthat $W_1\\leq W_{\\text{er}}$ in accordance with the second law of\nthermodynamics. Here we extend this work in two directions: First, we discuss\nhow accurately the energy should be measured. By increasing the accuracy one\ncan extract more work, but at the same time one obtains more information that\nhas to be deleted. We discuss what are the appropriate ways of optimizing the\nbalance between the two and find optimal solutions. Second, whenever $W_1$ is\nstrictly less than $W_{\\text{er}}$ it means that an irreversible step has been\nperformed. We identify the irreversible step and propose a protocol that will\nachieve the same transition in a reversible way, increasing $W_1$ so that $W_1\n= W_{\\text{er}}$.",
        "positive": "Stability of Tsallis antropy and instabilities of Renyi and normalized\n  Tsallis entropies: A basis for q-exponential distributions: The q-exponential distributions, which are generalizations of the\nZipf-Mandelbrot power-law distribution, are frequently encountered in complex\nsystems at their stationary states. From the viewpoint of the principle of\nmaximum entropy, they can apparently be derived from three different\ngeneralized entropies: the Renyi entropy, the Tsallis entropy, and the\nnormalized Tsallis entropy. Accordingly, mere fittings of observed data by the\nq-exponential distributions do not lead to identification of the correct\nphysical entropy. Here, stabilities of these entropies, i.e., their behaviors\nunder arbitrary small deformation of a distribution, are examined. It is shown\nthat, among the three, the Tsallis entropy is stable and can provide an\nentropic basis for the q-exponential distributions, whereas the others are\nunstable and cannot represent any experimentally observable quantities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Connecting the Micro-dynamics to the Emergent Macro-variables:\n  Self-Organized Criticality and Absorbing Phase Transitions in the\n  Deterministic Lattice Gas: We reinvestigate the Deterministic Lattice Gas introduced as a paradigmatic\nmodel of the 1/f spectra (Phys. Rev. Lett. V26, 3103 (1990)) arising according\nto the Self-Organized Criticality scenario. We demonstrate that the density\nfluctuations exhibit an unexpected dependence on systems size and relate the\nfinding to effective Langevin equations. The low density behavior is controlled\nby the critical properties of the gas at the absorbing state phase transition.\nWe also show that the Deterministic Lattice Gas is in the Manna universality\nclass of absorbing state phase transitions. This is in contrast to expectations\nin the literature which suggested that the entirely deterministic nature of the\ndynamics would put the model in a different universality class. To our\nknowledge this is the first fully deterministic member of the Manna\nuniversality class.",
        "positive": "Linear Relationship Statistics in Diffusion Limited Aggregation: We show that various surface parameters in two-dimensional diffusion limited\naggregation (DLA) grow linearly with the number of particles. We find the ratio\nof the average length of the perimeter and the accessible perimeter of a DLA\ncluster together with its external perimeters to the cluster size, and define a\nmicroscopic schematic procedure for attachment of an incident new particle to\nthe cluster. We measure the fractal dimension of the red sites (i.e., the sites\nupon cutting each of them splits the cluster) equal to that of the DLA cluster.\nIt is also shown that the average number of the dead sites and the average\nnumber of the red sites have linear relationships with the cluster size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Poincare Recurrence, Zermelo's Second Law Paradox, and Probabilistic\n  Origin in Statistical Mechanics: We show that Poincare recurrence does not mean that the entropy will\neventually decrease, contrary to the claim of Zermelo, and that the\nprobabilitistic origin in statistical physics must lie in the external noise,\nand not the preparation of the system.",
        "positive": "Snake net and balloon force with a neural network for detecting multiple\n  phases: Unsupervised machine learning applied to the study of phase transitions is an\nongoing and interesting research direction. The active contour model, also\ncalled the snake model, was initially proposed for target contour extraction in\ntwo-dimensional images. In order to obtain a physical phase diagram, the snake\nmodel with an artificial neural network is applied in an unsupervised learning\nway by the authors of [Phys.Rev.Lett. 120, 176401(2018)]. It guesses the phase\nboundary as an initial snake and then drives the snake to convergence with\nforces estimated by the artificial neural network. In this paper, we extend\nthis unsupervised learning method with one contour to a snake net with multiple\ncontours for the purpose of obtaining several phase boundaries in a phase\ndiagram. For the classical Blume-Capel model, the phase diagram containing\nthree and four phases is obtained. Moreover, to overcome the limitations of the\ninitial position and speed up the movement of the snake, the balloon force\ndecaying with the iteration steps is introduced and applied to the snake net\nstructure. Our method is helpful in determining the phase diagram with multiple\nphases, using just snapshots of configurations from cold atoms or other\nexperiments without knowledge of the phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Leveraging Environmental Correlations: The Thermodynamics of Requisite\n  Variety: Key to biological success, the requisite variety that confronts an adaptive\norganism is the set of detectable, accessible, and controllable states in its\nenvironment. We analyze its role in the thermodynamic functioning of\ninformation ratchets---a form of autonomous Maxwellian Demon capable of\nexploiting fluctuations in an external information reservoir to harvest useful\nwork from a thermal bath. This establishes a quantitative paradigm for\nunderstanding how adaptive agents leverage structured thermal environments for\ntheir own thermodynamic benefit. General ratchets behave as memoryful\ncommunication channels, interacting with their environment sequentially and\nstoring results to an output. The bulk of thermal ratchets analyzed to date,\nhowever, assume memoryless environments that generate input signals without\ntemporal correlations. Employing computational mechanics and a new\ninformation-processing Second Law of Thermodynamics (IPSL) we remove these\nrestrictions, analyzing general finite-state ratchets interacting with\nstructured environments that generate correlated input signals. On the one\nhand, we demonstrate that a ratchet need not have memory to exploit an\nuncorrelated environment. On the other, and more appropriate to biological\nadaptation, we show that a ratchet must have memory to most effectively\nleverage structure and correlation in its environment. The lesson is that to\noptimally harvest work a ratchet's memory must reflect the input generator's\nmemory. Finally, we investigate achieving the IPSL bounds on the amount of work\na ratchet can extract from its environment, discovering that finite-state,\noptimal ratchets are unable to reach these bounds. In contrast, we show that\ninfinite-state ratchets can go well beyond these bounds by utilizing their own\ninfinite \"negentropy\". We conclude with an outline of the collective\nthermodynamics of information-ratchet swarms.",
        "positive": "Approach to a non-equilibrium steady state: We consider a non-interacting one-dimensional gas accelerated by a constant\nand uniform external field. The energy absorbed from the field is transferred\nvia elastic collisions to a bath of scattering obstacles. At gas-obstacle\nencounters the particles of the gas acquire a fixed kinetic energy. The\napproach to the resulting stationary state is studied within the Boltzmann\nkinetic theory. It is shown that the long time behavior is governed by the\nhydrodynamic mode of diffusion superposed on a convective flow. The diffusion\ncoefficient is analytically calculated for any value of the field showing a\nminimum at intermediate field intensities. It is checked that the properly\ngeneralized Green-Kubo formula applies in the non-equilibrium stationary state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First and Second Law of Thermodynamics at strong coupling: For a small driven system coupled strongly to a heat bath, internal energy\nand exchanged heat are identified such that they obey the usual additive form\nof the first law. By identifying this exchanged heat with the entropy change of\nthe bath, the total entropy production is shown to obey an integral fluctuation\ntheorem on the trajectory level implying the second law in the form of a\nClausius inequalilty on the ensemble level. In this Hamiltonian approach, the\nassumption of an initially uncorrelated state is not required. The conditions\nunder which the proposed identification of heat is unique and experimentally\naccessible are clarified.",
        "positive": "Spin 1/2 Fermions in the Unitary Regime at Finite Temperature: We have performed a fully non-perturbative calculation of the thermal\nproperties of a system of spin 1/2 fermions in 3D in the unitary regime. We\nhave determined the critical temperature for the superfluid-normal phase\ntransition. The thermodynamic behavior of this system presents a number of\nunexpected features, and we conclude that spin 1/2 fermions in the BCS-BEC\ncrossover should be classified as a new type of superfluid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometry of fully coordinated, two-dimensional percolation: We study the geometry of the critical clusters in fully coordinated\npercolation on the square lattice. By Monte Carlo simulations (static\nexponents) and normal mode analysis (dynamic exponents), we find that this\nproblem is in the same universality class with ordinary percolation statically\nbut not so dynamically. We show that there are large differences in the number\nand distribution of the interior sites between the two problems which may\naccount for the different dynamic nature.",
        "positive": "On the existence of supersolid helium-4 monolayer films: Extensive Monte Carlo simulations of helium-4 monolayer films adsorbed on\nweak substrates have been carried out, aimed at ascertaining the possible\noccurrence of a quasi-two-dimensional supersolid phase. Only crystalline films\nnot registered with underlying substrates are considered. Numerical results\nyield strong evidence that helium-4 will not form a supersolid film on {any}\nsubstrate strong enough to stabilize a crystalline layer. On weaker substrates,\ncontinuous growth of a liquid film takes place."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Zeeman effects on the entanglement of non-equilibrium finite-spin\n  systems: We study the Zeeman effect on entanglement of non-equilibrium finite-spin\nsystems with external fields using a method based on thermofield dynamics\n(TFD). For this purpose, the extended density matrices and extended\nentanglement entropies of two systems with either non-competing or competing\nexternal fields are calculated according to the dissipative von Neumann\nequation, and the numerical results are compared. Consequently, through the\n\"twin-peaks\" oscillations of the quantum entanglement, we have illustrated the\nZeeman effect on the entanglement of non-equilibrium finite-spin systems with\ncompeting external fields in the TFD algorithm.",
        "positive": "Exact solution for the order parameter profiles and the Casimir force in\n  $^4$He superfluid films in an effective field theory: We present an analytical solution of an effective field theory which, in one\nof its formulations, is equivalent to the Ginzburg's $\\Psi$-theory for the\nbehavior of the Casimir force in a film of $^4$He in equilibrium with its vapor\nnear the superfluid transition point. We consider three versions of the theory,\ndepending on the way one determines its parameters from the experimental\nmeasurements. We present exact results for the behavior of the order parameter\nprofiles and of the Casimir force within this theory, which is characterized by\n$d=3$, $\\nu=2/3$ and $\\beta=1/3$, where $d$ is the bulk spatial dimension and\n$\\nu$ and $\\beta$ are the usual critical exponents. In addition, we revisit\nrelevant experiments \\cite{GC99} and \\cite{GSGC2006} in terms of our findings.\nWe find reasonably good agreement between our theoretical predictions and the\nexperimental data. We demonstrate analytically that our calculated force is\nattractive. The position of the extremum is predicted to be at $x_{\\rm\nmin}=\\pi$, with $x=(L/\\xi_0)(T/T_\\lambda-1)^{1/\\nu}$, which value effectively\ncoincides with the experimental finding $x_{\\rm min}=3.2\\pm 0.18$. Here $L$ is\nthe thickness of the film, $T_\\lambda$ is the bulk critical temperature and\n$\\xi_0$ is the correlation length amplitude of the system for temperature\n$T>T_\\lambda$. The theoretically predicted position of the minimum does not\ndepend on the one adjustable parameter, $M$, entering the theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correspondence between noisy sample space reducing process and records\n  in correlated random events: We study survival time statistics in a noisy sample space reducing (SSR)\nprocess. Our simulations suggest that both the mean and standard deviation\nscale as $\\sim N/N^{\\lambda}$, where $N$ is the system size and $\\lambda$ is a\ntunable parameter that characterizes the process. The survival time\ndistribution has the form $\\mathcal{P}_{N}(\\tau)\\sim\nN^{-\\theta}J(\\tau/N^{\\theta})$, where $J$ is a universal scaling function and\n$\\theta = 1-\\lambda$. Analytical insight is provided by a conjecture for the\nequivalence between the survival time statistics in the noisy SSR process and\nthe record statistics in a correlated time series modeled as drifted random\nwalk with Cauchy distributed jumps.",
        "positive": "The three-dimensional $O(n)$ $\u03c6^4$ model on a strip with free\n  boundary conditions: exact results for a nontrivial dimensional crossover in\n  the limit $n\\to\\infty$: Recent exact $n\\to\\infty$ results for critical Casimir forces of the $O(n)$\n$\\phi^4$ model on a three-dimensional strip bounded by two planar free surfaces\nat a distance $L$ are surveyed. This model has long-range order below the bulk\ncritical temperature $T_c$ if $L=\\infty$, but remains disordered for all $T>0$\nwhen $L<\\infty$. A proper analysis of its scaling behavior near $T_c$ is quite\nchallenging: Besides with bulk, boundary, and finite-size critical behaviors,\none must deal with a nontrivial dimensional crossover. The model can be solved\nexactly in the limit $n\\to\\infty$ in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenenergies\nof a selfconsistent Schr\\\"odinger equation involving a potential $v(z)$ with\nthe near-boundary singular behavior $v(z\\to 0+)\\approx\n-1/(4z^2)+4m/(\\pi^{2}z)$, where $m=1/\\xi_+(|t|)$ is the inverse bulk\ncorrelation length and $t\\sim (T-T_c)/T_c$, and a corresponding singularity at\nthe second boundary plane. The potential $v(z)$, the excess free energy, and\nthe Casimir force have been determined numerically with high precision. Exact\nanalytical results for a variety of properties such as series expansion\ncoefficients of $v(z)$, the scattering data of $v(z)$ in the semi-infinite case\n$L=\\infty$ for all $m\\gtreqless 0$, and the low-temperature asymptotic behavior\nof the residual free energy and the Casimir force can be obtained by a\ncombination of boundary-operator and short-distance expansions, proper\nextensions of inverse scattering theory, new trace formulae, and semiclassical\nexpansions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatiotemporal chaos: the microscopic perspective: Extended nonequilibrium systems can be studied in the framework of field\ntheory or from dynamical systems perspective. Here we report numerical evidence\nthat the sum of a well-defined number of instantaneous Lyapunov exponents for\nthe complex Ginzburg-Landau equation is given by a simple function of the space\naverage of the square of the macroscopic field. This relationship follows from\nan explicit formula for the time-dependent values of almost all the exponents.",
        "positive": "Outward-inward information flux in an opinion formation model on\n  different topologies: A simple model of opinion formation dynamics in which binary-state agents\nmake up their opinions due to the influence of agents in a local neighborhood\nis studied using different network topologies. Each agent uses two different\nstrategies, the Sznajd rule with a probability $q$ and the Galam majority rule\n(without inertia) otherwise; being $q$ a parameter of the system. Initially,\nthe binary-state agents may have opinions (at random) against or in favor about\na certain topic. The time evolution of the system is studied using different\nnetwork topologies, starting from different initial opinion densities. A\ntransition from consensus in one opinion to the other is found at the same\npercentage of initial distribution no matter which type of network is used or\nwhich opinion formation rule is used."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging in Domain Growth: The Chapter is devoted to reviewing the main features of aging in non\ndisordered systems relaxing via domain growth, after an istantaneous\ntemperature quench. Using the autocorrelation and autoresponse functions to\ngauge the deviation from equilibrium, an hierarchy of processes is obtained by\nchanging the temperature of the quench and the space dimensionality. The\nspecial role of the lower critical dimensionality is highlighted. Basic\nproperties like the separation of the time scales and the splitting of degrees\nof freedom into fast and slow variables are treated in detail, both in general\nterms and through analytical calculations in solvable models. Though domain\ngrowth is believed to be a well understood paradigma of slow relaxation,\nemphasis of this review is on the non trivial aspects, not yet fully clarified,\nlike the response function scaling behavior.",
        "positive": "Statistical physics through the lens of real-space mutual information: Identifying the relevant coarse-grained degrees of freedom in a complex\nphysical system is a key stage in developing powerful effective theories in and\nout of equilibrium. The celebrated renormalization group provides a framework\nfor this task, but its practical execution in unfamiliar systems is fraught\nwith ad hoc choices, whereas machine learning approaches, though promising,\noften lack formal interpretability. Recently, the optimal coarse-graining in a\nstatistical system was shown to exist, based on a universal, but\ncomputationally difficult information-theoretic variational principle. This\nlimited its applicability to but the simplest systems; moreover, the relation\nto standard formalism of field theory was unclear. Here we present an algorithm\nemploying state-of-art results in machine-learning-based estimation of\ninformation-theoretic quantities, overcoming these challenges. We use this\nadvance to develop a new paradigm in identifying the most relevant field theory\noperators describing properties of the system, going beyond the existing\napproaches to real-space renormalization. We evidence its power on an\ninteracting model, where the emergent degrees of freedom are qualitatively\ndifferent from the microscopic building blocks of the theory. Our results push\nthe boundary of formally interpretable applications of machine learning,\nconceptually paving the way towards automated theory building."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The universal equation of state of a unitary fermionic gas: It is suggested that for a fermi gas at unitarity, the two-body bond plays a\nspecial role. We propose an equation of state using an ansatz relating the\ninteraction part of the $l$-body cluster to its two-body counterpart. This\nallows a parameter-free comparison with the recently measured equation of state\nby the ENS group. The agreement between the two over a range of fugacity ($z<5$\nfor a homogeneous gas, and $z<10$ for the trapped gas) leads us to perform the\ncalculations of more sensitive quantities measured recently by the MIT group.",
        "positive": "Free fermion branches in some quantum spin models: Extensive numerical analysis of the eigenspectra of the $SU_q(N)$ invariant\nPerk-Schultz Hamiltonian shows some simple regularities for a significant part\nof the eigenspectrum. Inspired by those results we have found two set of\nsolutions of the associated nested Bethe-ansatz equations. The first set is\nobtained at a special value of the anisotropy ($q = \\exp(i2\\pi (N-1)/N)$) and\ndescribes in particular the ground state and nearby excitations as a sum of\nfree-fermion quasienergies. The second set of solutions provides the energies\nin the sectors whose number $n_i$ of particles of distinct species ($i =0,\n>..., N-1$) are less or equal to the unity except for one of the species. For\nthis last set we obtain the eigenspectra of a free fermion model for arbitrary\nvalues of the anisotropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unsupervised Generative Modeling Using Matrix Product States: Generative modeling, which learns joint probability distribution from data\nand generates samples according to it, is an important task in machine learning\nand artificial intelligence. Inspired by probabilistic interpretation of\nquantum physics, we propose a generative model using matrix product states,\nwhich is a tensor network originally proposed for describing (particularly\none-dimensional) entangled quantum states. Our model enjoys efficient learning\nanalogous to the density matrix renormalization group method, which allows\ndynamically adjusting dimensions of the tensors and offers an efficient direct\nsampling approach for generative tasks. We apply our method to generative\nmodeling of several standard datasets including the Bars and Stripes, random\nbinary patterns and the MNIST handwritten digits to illustrate the abilities,\nfeatures and drawbacks of our model over popular generative models such as\nHopfield model, Boltzmann machines and generative adversarial networks. Our\nwork sheds light on many interesting directions of future exploration on the\ndevelopment of quantum-inspired algorithms for unsupervised machine learning,\nwhich are promisingly possible to be realized on quantum devices.",
        "positive": "Passive Sliders and Scaling: from Cusps to Divergences: The steady state reached by a system of particles sliding down a fluctuating\nsurface has interesting properties. Particle clusters form and break rapidly,\nleading to a broad distribution of sizes and large fluctuations. The\ndensity-density correlation function is a singular scaling function of the\nseparation and system size. A simple mapping is shown to take a configuration\nof sliding hard-core particles with mutual exclusion (a system which shows a\ncusp singularity) to a configuration with multiparticle occupancy. For the\nmapped system, a calculation of the correlation function shows that it is of\nthe same scaling form again, but with a stronger singularity (a divergence) of\nthe sort observed earlier for noninteracting passive particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jammed lattice sphere packings: We generate and study an ensemble of isostatic jammed hard-sphere lattices.\nThese lattices are obtained by compression of a periodic system with an\nadaptive unit cell containing a single sphere until the point of mechanical\nstability. We present detailed numerical data about the densities, pair\ncorrelations, force distributions, and structure factors of such lattices. We\nshow that this model retains many of the crucial structural features of the\nclassical hard-sphere model and propose it as a model for the jamming and glass\ntransitions that enables exploration of much higher dimensions than are usually\naccessible.",
        "positive": "Departure from Gaussian: The Waiting time Statistics of X-Ray Solar\n  Flares: Previous studies of the statistical behavior of solar flare waiting times are\nbased on the assumptions of Gaussian and Poisson statistics, subject to central\nlimit theorem restrictions. In this study, the results of a rescaled range\nanalysis on the waiting times for two hard x-ray solar flare data sets are\npresented. The Hurst scaling parameter, H, for both data sets is well above\n0.5, clearly indicating that the statistics of the data has departed from\nordinary Brownian motion and is characterized by memory correlations. In\naddition, the distribution exponents, mu, when compared to the same values\nobtained from the relationship between the scaling parameter and mu for an\nasymmetric jump model, reveals that the waiting time distributions are\ncharacterized by L'evy statistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact thermodynamics and phase diagram of integrable t-J model with\n  chiral interaction: We study the phase diagram and finite temperature properties of an integrable\ngeneralization of the one-dimensional super-symmetric t-J model containing\ninteractions explicitly breaking parity-time reversal (PT) symmetries. To this\npurpose, we apply the quantum transfer matrix method which results in a finite\nset of non-linear integral equations. We obtain numerical solutions to these\nequations leading to results for thermodynamic quantities as function of\ntemperature, magnetic field, particle density and staggering parameter.\nStudying the maxima lines of entropy at low but non zero temperature reveals\nthe phase diagram of the model. There are ten different phases which we may\nclassify in terms of the qualitative behaviour of auxiliary functions, closely\nrelated to the dressed energy functions.",
        "positive": "Purity of thermal mixed quantum states: We develop a formula to evaluate the purity of a series of thermal\nequilibrium states that can be calculated in numerical experiments without\nknowing the exact form of the quantum state \\textit{a priori}. Canonical\ntypicality guarantees that there are numerous microscopically different\nexpressions of such states, which we call thermal mixed quantum (TMQ) states.\nSuppose that we construct a TMQ state by a mixture of $N_\\mathrm{samp}$\nindependent pure states. The weight of each pure state is given by its norm,\nand the partition function is given by the average of the norms. To qualify how\nefficiently the mixture is done, we introduce a quantum statistical quantity\ncalled \"normalized fluctuation of partition function (NFPF)\". For smaller NFPF,\nthe TMQ state is closer to the equally weighted mixture of pure states, which\nmeans higher efficiency, requiring a smaller $N_\\mathrm{samp}$. The largest\nNFPF is realized in the Gibbs state with purity-0 and exponentially large\n$N_\\mathrm{samp}$, while the smallest NFPF is given for thermal pure quantum\nstate with purity-1 and $N_\\mathrm{samp}=1$. The purity is formulated using\nsolely the NFPF and roughly gives $N_\\mathrm{samp}^{-1}$. Our analytical\nresults are numerically tested and confirmed by the two random sampling methods\nbuilt on matrix-product-state-based wave functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Hermitian quantum impurity systems in and out of equilibrium:\n  noninteracting case: We provide systematic analysis on a non-Hermitian PT -symmetric quantum\nimpurity system both in and out of equilibrium, based on exact computations. In\norder to understand the interplay between non-Hermiticity and Kondo physics, we\nfocus on a prototypical noninteracting impurity system, the resonant level\nmodel, with complex coupling constants. Explicitly constructing biorthogonal\nbasis, we study its thermodynamic properties as well as the Loschmidt echo\nstarting from the initially disconnected two free fermion chains. Remarkably,\nwe observe the universal crossover physics in the Loschmidt echo, both in the\nPT broken and unbroken regimes. We also find that the ground state quantities\nwe compute in the PT broken regime can be obtained by analytic continuation. It\nturns out that Kondo screening ceases to exist in the PT broken regime, which\nwas also previously predicted in the non-hermitian Kondo model. All the\nanalytical results are corroborated against biorthogonal free fermion numerics.",
        "positive": "Conservative random walks in confining potentials: L\\'evy walks are continuous time random walks with spatio-temporal coupling\nof jump lengths and waiting times, often used to model superdiffusive spreading\nprocesses such as animals searching for food, tracer motion in weakly chaotic\nsystems, or even the dynamics in quantum systems such as cold atoms. In the\nsimplest version L\\'evy walks move with a finite speed. Here, we present an\nextension of the L\\'evy walk scenario for the case when external force fields\ninfluence the motion. The resulting motion is a combination of the response to\nthe deterministic force acting on the particle, changing its velocity according\nto the principle of total energy conservation, and random velocity reversals\ngoverned by the distribution of waiting times. For the fact that the motion\nstays conservative, that is, on a constant energy surface, our scenario is\nfundamentally different from thermal motion in the same external potentials. In\nparticular, we present results for the velocity and position distributions for\nsingle well potentials of different steepness. The observed dynamics with its\ncontinuous velocity changes enriches the theory of L\\'evy walk processes and\nwill be of use in a variety of systems, for which the particles are externally\nconfined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The effect of polydispersity on the ordering transition of adsorbed\n  self-assembled rigid rods: Extensive Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to investigate the nature\nof the ordering transition of a model of adsorbed self-assembled rigid rods on\nthe bonds of a square lattice [Tavares et. al., Phys. Rev E 79, 021505 (2009)].\nThe polydisperse rods undergo a continuous ordering transition that is found to\nbe in the two-dimensional Ising universality class, as in models where the rods\nare monodisperse. This finding is in sharp contrast with the recent claim that\nequilibrium polydispersity changes the nature of the phase transition in this\nclass of models [L`opez et. al., Phys. Rev E 80, 040105(R)(2009)].",
        "positive": "Some ground-state expectation values for the free parafermion Z(N) spin\n  chain: We consider the calculation of ground-state expectation values for the\nnon-Hermitian Z(N) spin chain described by free parafermions. For N=2 the model\nreduces to the quantum Ising chain in a transverse field with open boundary\nconditions. Use is made of the Hellmann-Feynman theorem to obtain exact results\nfor particular single site and nearest-neighbour ground-state expectation\nvalues for general N which are valid for sites deep inside the chain. These\nresults are tested numerically for N=3, along with how they change as a\nfunction of distance from the boundary."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Escort density operators and generalized quantum information measures: Parametrized families of density operators are studied. A generalization of\nthe lower bound of Cramer and Rao is formulated. It involves escort density\noperators. The notion of phi-exponential family is introduced. This family,\ntogether with its escort, optimizes the generalized lower bound. It also\nsatisfies a maximum entropy principle and exhibits a thermodynamic structure in\nwhich entropy and free energy are related by Legendre transform.",
        "positive": "Exact Entanglement in the Driven Quantum Symmetric Simple Exclusion\n  Process: Entanglement properties of driven quantum systems can potentially differ from\nthe equilibrium situation due to long range coherences. We confirm this\nobservation by studying a suitable toy model for mesoscopic transport~: the\nopen quantum symmetric simple exclusion process (QSSEP). We derive exact\nformulae for its mutual information between different subsystems in the steady\nstate and show that it satisfies a volume law. Surprisingly, the QSSEP\nentanglement properties only depend on data related to its transport properties\nand we suspect that such a relation might hold for more general mesoscopic\nsystems. Exploiting the free probability structure of QSSEP, we obtain these\nresults by developing a new method to determine the eigenvalue spectrum of\nsub-blocks of random matrices from their so-called local free cumulants -- a\nmathematical result on its own with potential applications in the theory of\nrandom matrices. As an illustration of this method, we show how to compute\nexpectation values of observables in systems satisfying the Eigenstate\nThermalization Hypothesis (ETH) from the local free cumulants."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement studies of interacting fermionic models: Recent advances in the field of strongly correlated electron systems allow to\naccess the entanglement properties of interacting fermionic models, by means of\nMonte Carlo simulations. We briefly review the techniques used in this context\nto determine the entanglement entropies and correlations of the entanglement\nHamiltonian. We further apply these methods to compute the spin two-point\nfunction of entanglement Hamiltonian for a stripe embedded into a correlated\ntopological insulator. Further we discuss a recent method that allows an\nunbiased, numerically exact, direct determination of the entanglement\nHamiltonian by means of auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Experimental realization of diffusion with stochastic resetting: Stochastic resetting is prevalent in natural and man-made systems giving rise\nto a long series of non-equilibrium phenomena. Diffusion with stochastic\nresetting serves as a paradigmatic model to study these phenomena, but the lack\nof a well-controlled platform by which this process can be studied\nexperimentally has been a major impediment to research in the field. Here, we\nreport the experimental realization of colloidal particle diffusion and\nresetting via holographic optical tweezers. We provide the first experimental\ncorroboration of central theoretical results, and go on to measure the\nenergetic cost of resetting in steady-state and first-passage scenarios. In\nboth cases, we show that this cost cannot be made arbitrarily small due to\nfundamental constraints on realistic resetting protocols. The methods developed\nherein open the door to future experimental study of resetting phenomena beyond\ndiffusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Markovian Approximation for the Nos\u00e9--Hoover method and H-theorem: A Langevin equation with state-dependent random force is considered. When the\nHelmholtz free energy is a nonincreasing function of time (the H-theorem), a\ngeneralized Einstein relation is obtained. A stochastic process of the\nNos\\'e--Hoover method is discussed on the basis of the Markovian approximation.\nIt is found that the generalized Einstein relation holds for the Fokker--Planck\nequation associated with the stochastic Nos\\'e--Hoover equation. The present\nresult indicates that the Nos\\'e--Hoover dynamics coarse-grained with time\nsatisfies the H-theorem and therefore works as a heat bath.",
        "positive": "Anomalous Diffusion in Aperiodic Environments: We study the Brownian motion of a classical particle in one-dimensional\ninhomogeneous environments where the transition probabilities follow\nquasiperiodic or aperiodic distributions. Exploiting an exact correspondence\nwith the transverse-field Ising model with inhomogeneous couplings we obtain\nmany new analytical results for the random walk problem. In the absence of\nglobal bias the qualitative behavior of the diffusive motion of the particle\nand the corresponding persistence probability strongly depend on the\nfluctuation properties of the environment. In environments with bounded\nfluctuations the particle shows normal diffusive motion and the diffusion\nconstant is simply related to the persistence probability. On the other hand in\na medium with unbounded fluctuations the diffusion is ultra-slow, the\ndisplacement of the particle grows on logarithmic time scales. For the\nborderline situation with marginal fluctuations both the diffusion exponent and\nthe persistence exponent are continuously varying functions of the\naperiodicity. Extensions of the results to disordered media and to higher\ndimensions are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Blume-Capel Ising Ferromagnet with Annealed Vacancies on a\n  Hierarchical Lattice: A dilute Ising ferromagnet is considered in this study using renormalization\ngroup techniques with a hierarchical lattice. A series of phase diagrams have\nbeen produced that probe the effects of varying the temperature and\nconcentration of nonmagnetic impurities. Each phase diagram corresponds to a\ndifferent strength for the internal coupling coefficients on our lattice.\nPhases have been interpreted and critical exponents calculated for the higher\norder transitions.",
        "positive": "Ergodicity in a two-dimensional self gravitating many body system: We study the ergodic properties of a two-dimensional self-gravitating system\nusing molecular dynamics simulations. We apply three different tests for\nergodicity: a direct method comparing the time average of a particle momentum\nand position to the respective ensemble average, sojourn times statistics and\nthe dynamical functional method. For comparison purposes they are also applied\nto a short-range interacting system and to the Hamiltonian mean-field model.\nOur results show that a two-dimensional self-gravitating system takes a very\nlong time to establish ergodicity. If a Kac factor is used in the potential\nenergy, such that the total energy is extensive, then this time is independent\nof particle number, and diverges with $\\sqrt{N}$ without a Kac factor."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Consensus Dynamics by Entangling Maxwell Demon: We introduce a Maxwell demon which generates many-body entanglement robustly\nagainst bit-flip noises, which allows us to obtain quantum advantage. Adopting\nthe protocol of the voter model used for opinion dynamics approaching\nconsensus, the demon randomly selects a qubit pair and performs a quantum\nfeedback control, in continuous repetitions. We derive upper bounds of the\nentropy reduction and the work extraction rates by demon's operation, which are\ndetermined by a competition between the quantum-classical mutual information\nacquired by the demon and the absolute irreversibility of the feedback control.\nOur finding of the upper bounds corresponds to a reformulation of the second\nlaw of thermodynamics under a class of Maxwell demon which generates many-body\nentanglement in a working substance.",
        "positive": "Generalized dynamical density functional theory for classical fluids and\n  the significance of inertia and hydrodynamic interactions: We study the dynamics of a colloidal fluid including inertia and hydrodynamic\ninteractions, two effects which strongly influence the non-equilibrium\nproperties of the system. We derive a general dynamical density functional\ntheory (DDFT) which shows very good agreement with full Langevin dynamics. In\nsuitable limits, we recover existing DDFTs and a Navier-Stokes-like equation\nwith additional non-local terms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unzipping Vortices in Type-II Superconductors: The unzipping of vortex lines using magnetic-force microscopy from extended\ndefects is studied theoretically. We study both the unzipping isolated vortex\nfrom common defects, such as columnar pins and twin-planes, and the unzipping\nof a vortex from a plane in the presence of other vortices. We show, using\nanalytic and numerical methods, that the universal properties of the unzipping\ntransition of a single vortex depend only on the dimensionality of the defect\nin the presence and absence of disorder. For the unzipping of a vortex from a\nplane populated with many vortices is shown to be very sensitive to the\nproperties of the vortices in the two-dimensional plane. In particular such\nunzipping experiments can be used to measure the ``Luttinger liquid parameter''\nof the vortices in the plane. In addition we suggest a method for measuring the\nline tension of the vortex directly using the experiments.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamical consistency of the Dual Phase Lag heat conduction\n  equation: Dual phase lag equation for heat conduction is analyzed from the point of\nview of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Its first order Taylor series expansion\nis consistent with the second law as long as the two relaxation times are not\nnegative."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Real-time dynamics in a strongly interacting bosonic hopping model:\n  Global quenches and mapping to the XX chain: We study the time evolution of an integrable many-particle system, described\nby the $q$-boson Hamiltonian in the limit of strong interactions $q\\to\\infty$.\nIt is shown that, for a particular class of pure initial states, the analytical\ncalculation of certain observables simplifies considerably. Namely, we provide\nexact formulas for the calculation of the Loschmidt-echo and the emptiness\nformation probability, where the computational time scales polynomially with\nthe particle number. Moreover, we construct a non-local mapping of the\n$q$-boson model to the XX spin chain, and show how this can be utilized to\nobtain the time evolution of various local bosonic observables for\ntranslationally invariant initial states. The results obtained via the bosonic\nand fermionic picture show perfect agreement. In the infinite volume and large\ntime limits, we rigorously verify the prediction of the Generalized Gibbs\nEnsemble for homogeneous initial Fock states.",
        "positive": "Informational and Causal Architecture of Continuous-time Renewal and\n  Hidden Semi-Markov Processes: We introduce the minimal maximally predictive models ({\\epsilon}-machines) of\nprocesses generated by certain hidden semi-Markov models. Their causal states\nare either hybrid discrete-continuous or continuous random variables and\ncausal-state transitions are described by partial differential equations.\nClosed-form expressions are given for statistical complexities, excess\nentropies, and differential information anatomy rates. We present a complete\nanalysis of the {\\epsilon}-machines of continuous-time renewal processes and,\nthen, extend this to processes generated by unifilar hidden semi-Markov models\nand semi-Markov models. Our information-theoretic analysis leads to new\nexpressions for the entropy rate and the rates of related information measures\nfor these very general continuous-time process classes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partition functions of two-dimensional Ising models -- A perspective\n  from Gauss hypergeometric functions: Employing heuristic susceptibility equations in conjunction with the\nwell-known critical exponents, the magnetization and partition function for\ntwo-dimensional nearest neighbour Ising models are formulated in terms of the\nGauss hypergeometric functions. The isomorphism existing between the\nBragg-Williams approximation and the exact solution of Onsager is pointed out.\nThe precise manner in which the critical exponents influence the partition\nfunctions is pointed out.",
        "positive": "Replica-Exchange Cluster Algorithm: In finite-size scaling analyses of Monte Carlo simulations of second-order\nphase transitions one often needs an extended temperature/energy range around\nthe critical point. By combining the replica-exchange algorithm with cluster\nupdates and an adaptive routine to find the range of interest, we introduce a\nnew flexible and powerful method for systematic investigations of critical\nphenomena. As a result, we gain two further orders of magnitude in the\nperformance for 2D and 3D Ising models in comparison with the recently proposed\nWang-Landau recursion for cluster algorithms based on the multibondic\nalgorithm, which is already a great improvement over the standard\nmulticanonical variant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equivalence of replica and cavity methods for computing spectra of\n  sparse random matrices: We show by direct calculation that the replica and cavity methods are exactly\nequivalent for the spectrum of Erdos-Renyi random graph. We introduce a\nvariational formulation based on the cavity method and use it to find\napproximate solutions for the density of eigenvalues. We also use this\nvariational method for calculating spectra of sparse covariance matrices.",
        "positive": "Phase Transitions of Ferromagnetic Potts Models on the Simple Cubic\n  Lattice: We investigate the 2- and 3-state ferromagnetic Potts models on the simple\ncubic lattice using the tensor renormalization group method with higher-order\nsingular value decomposition (HOTRG). HOTRG works in the thermodynamic limit,\nwhere we use the $Z_q$ symmetry of the model, combined with a new measure for\ndetecting the transition, to improve the accuracy of the critical point for the\n2-state model by two orders of magnitude, obtaining $T_c = 4.51152469(1)$. The\n3-state model is far more complex, and we improve the overall understanding of\nthis case by calculating its thermodynamic quantities with high accuracy. Our\nresults verify the first-order nature of the phase transition and the HOTRG\ntransition temperature benchmarks the most recent Monte Carlo result."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density functional theory of inhomogeneous liquids. I. The liquid-vapor\n  interface in Lennard-Jones fluids: A simple model is proposed for the direct correlation function (DCF) for\nsimple fluids consisting of a hard-core contribution, a simple parametrized\ncore correction, and a mean-field tail. The model requires as input only the\nfree energy of the homogeneous fluid, obtained, e.g., from thermodynamic\nperturbation theory. Comparison to the DCF obtained from simulation of a\nLennard-Jones fluid shows this to be a surprisingly good approximation for a\nwide range of densities. The model is used to construct a density functional\ntheory for inhomogeneous fluids which is applied to the problem of calculating\nthe surface tension of the liquid-vapor interface. The numerical values found\nare in good agreement with simulation.",
        "positive": "One-dimensional steady transport by molecular dynamics simulation:\n  Non-Boltzmann position distribution and non-Arrhenius dynamical behavior: A non-equilibrium steady state can be characterized by a nonzero but\nstationary flux driven by a static external force. Under a weak external force,\nthe drift velocity is difficult to detect because the drift motion is feeble\nand submerged in the intense thermal diffusion. In this article, we employ an\naccurate method in molecular dynamics simulation to determine the drift\nvelocity of a particle driven by a weak external force in a one-dimensional\nperiodic potential. With the calculated drift velocity, we found that the\nmobility and diffusion of the particle obey the Einstein relation, whereas\ntheir temperature dependences deviate from the Arrhenius law. A microscopic\nhopping mechanism was proposed to explain the non-Arrhenius behavior. Moreover,\nthe position distribution of the particle in the potential well was found to\ndeviate from the Boltzmann equation in a non-equilibrium steady state. The\nnon-Boltzmann behavior may be attributed to the thermostat which introduces and\neffective \"viscous\" drag opposite to the drift direction of the particle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermostatistics based on Kolmogorov-Nagumo averages: Unifying framework\n  for extensive and nonextensive generalizations: We show that extensive thermostatistics based on Renyi entropy and\nKolmogorov-Nagumo averages can be expressed in terms of Tsallis non- extensive\nthermostatistics. We use this correspondence to generalize thermostatistics to\na large class of Kolmogorov-Nagumo means and suitably adapted definitions of\nentropy.",
        "positive": "Multicanonical MCMC for Sampling Rare Events: Multicanonical MCMC (Multicanonical Markov Chain Monte Carlo; Multicanonical\nMonte Carlo) is discussed as a method of rare event sampling. Starting from a\nreview of the generic framework of importance sampling, multicanonical MCMC is\nintroduced, followed by applications in random matrices, random graphs, and\nchaotic dynamical systems. Replica exchange MCMC (also known as parallel\ntempering or Metropolis-coupled MCMC) is also explained as an alternative to\nmulticanonical MCMC. In the last section, multicanonical MCMC is applied to\ndata surrogation; a successful implementation in surrogating time series is\nshown. In the appendices, calculation of averages and normalizing constant in\nan exponential family, phase coexistence, simulated tempering, parallelization,\nand multivariate extensions are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact relaxation in a class of non-equilibrium quantum lattice systems: A reasonable physical intuition in the study of interacting quantum systems\nsays that, independent of the initial state, the system will tend to\nequilibrate. In this work we study a setting where relaxation to a steady state\nis exact, namely for the Bose-Hubbard model where the system is quenched from a\nMott quantum phase to the strong superfluid regime. We find that the evolving\nstate locally relaxes to a steady state with maximum entropy constrained by\nsecond moments, maximizing the entanglement, to a state which is different from\nthe thermal state of the new Hamiltonian. Remarkably, in the infinite system\nlimit this relaxation is true for all large times, and no time average is\nnecessary. For large but finite system size we give a time interval for which\nthe system locally \"looks relaxed\" up to a prescribed error. Our argument\nincludes a central limit theorem for harmonic systems and exploits the finite\nspeed of sound. Additionally, we show that for all periodic initial\nconfigurations, reminiscent of charge density waves, the system relaxes\nlocally. We sketch experimentally accessible signatures in optical lattices as\nwell as implications for the foundations of quantum statistical mechanics.",
        "positive": "Colorings of odd or even chirality on hexagonal lattices: We define two classes of colorings that have odd or even chirality on\nhexagonal lattices. This parity is an invariant in the dynamics of all loops,\nand explains why standard Monte-Carlo algorithms are nonergodic. We argue that\nadding the motion of \"stranded\" loops allows for parity changes. By\nimplementing this algorithm, we show that the even and odd classes have the\nsame entropy. In general, they do not have the same number of states, except\nfor the special geometry of long strips, where a Z$_2$ symmetry between even\nand odd states occurs in the thermodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Accessibility percolation on n-trees: Accessibility percolation is a new type of percolation problem inspired by\nevolutionary biology. To each vertex of a graph a random number is assigned and\na path through the graph is called accessible if all numbers along the path are\nin ascending order. For the case when the random variables are independent and\nidentically distributed, we derive an asymptotically exact expression for the\nprobability that there is at least one accessible path from the root to the\nleaves in an $n$-tree. This probability tends to 1 (0) if the branching number\nis increased with the height of the tree faster (slower) than linearly. When\nthe random variables are biased such that the mean value increases linearly\nwith the distance from the root, a percolation threshold emerges at a finite\nvalue of the bias.",
        "positive": "Logarithmic Clustering in Submonolayer Epitaxial Growth: We investigate submonolayer epitaxial growth with a fixed monomer flux and\nirreversible aggregation of adatom islands due to their effective diffusion.\nWhen the diffusivity D_k of an island of mass k is proportional to k^{-\\mu}, a\nSmoluchowski rate equation approach predicts steady behavior for 0<\\mu<1, with\nthe concentration c_k of islands of mass k varying as k^{-(3-\\mu)/2}. For\n\\mu>1, continuous evolution occurs in which c_k(t)~(\\ln t)^{-(2k-1)\\mu/2},\nwhile the total island density increases as N(t)~(\\ln t)^{\\mu/2}. Monte Carlo\nsimulations support these predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Central limit behavior in deterministic dynamical systems\": We check claims for a generalized central limit theorem holding at the\nFeigenbaum (infinite bifurcation) point of the logistic map, made recently by\nU. Tirnakli, C. Beck, and C. Tsallis (Phys. Rev. {\\bf 75}, 040106(R) (2007)).\nWe show that there is no obvious way that these claims can be made consistent\nwith high statistics simulations. We also refute more recent claims by the same\nauthors that extend the claims made in the above reference.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium dislocation dynamics and instability of driven vortex\n  lattices in two dimensions: We consider dislocations in a vortex lattice that is driven in a\ntwo-dimensional superconductor with random impurities. The structure and\ndynamics of dislocations is studied in this genuine nonequilibrium situation on\nthe basis of a coarse-grained equation of motion for the displacement field.\nThe presence of dislocations leads to a characteristic anisotropic distortion\nof the vortex density that is controlled by a Kardar-Parisi-Zhang nonlinearity\nin the coarse-grained equation of motion. This nonlinearity also implies a\nscreening of the interaction between dislocations and thereby an instability of\nthe vortex lattice to the proliferation of free dislocations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Linear stability analysis for large dynamical systems on directed random\n  graphs: We present a linear stability analysis of stationary states (or fixed points)\nin large dynamical systems defined on random directed graphs with a prescribed\ndistribution of indegrees and outdegrees. We obtain two remarkable results for\nsuch dynamical systems: First, infinitely large systems on directed graphs can\nbe stable even when the degree distribution has unbounded support; this result\nis surprising since their counterparts on nondirected graphs are unstable when\nsystem size is large enough. Second, we show that the phase transition between\nthe stable and unstable phase is universal in the sense that it depends only on\na few parameters, such as, the mean degree and a degree correlation\ncoefficient. In addition, in the unstable regime we characterize the nature of\nthe destabilizing mode, which also exhibits universal features. These results\nfollow from an exact theory for the leading eigenvalue of infinitely large\ngraphs that are locally tree-like and oriented, as well as, for the right and\nleft eigenvectors associated with the leading eigenvalue. We corroborate\nanalytical results for infinitely large graphs with numerical experiments on\nrandom graphs of finite size. We discuss how the presented theory can be\nextended to graphs with diagonal disorder and to graphs that contain\nnondirected links. Finally, we discuss the influence of small cycles and how\nthey can destabilize large dynamical systems when they induce strong enough\nfeedback loops.",
        "positive": "Generalized maximum entropy approach to quasi-stationary states in long\n  range systems: Systems with long-range interactions display a short-time relaxation towards\nQuasi Stationary States (QSS) whose lifetime increases with the system size. In\nthe paradigmatic Hamiltonian Mean-field Model (HMF) out-of-equilibrium phase\ntransitions are predicted and numerically detected which separate homogeneous\n(zero magnetization) and inhomogeneous (nonzero magnetization) QSS. In the\nformer regime, the velocity distribution presents (at least) two large,\nsymmetric, bumps, which cannot be self-consistently explained by resorting to\nthe conventional Lynden-Bell maximum entropy approach. We propose a generalized\nmaximum entropy scheme which accounts for the pseudo-conservation of additional\ncharges, the even momenta of the single particle distribution. These latter are\nset to the asymptotic values, as estimated by direct integration of the\nunderlying Vlasov equation, which formally holds in the thermodynamic limit.\nMethodologically, we operate in the framework of a generalized Gibbs ensemble,\nas sometimes defined in statistical quantum mechanics, which contains an\ninfinite number of conserved charges. The agreement between theory and\nsimulations is satisfying, both above and below the out of equilibrium\ntransition threshold. A precedently unaccessible feature of the QSS, the\nmultiple bumps in the velocity profile, is resolved by our new approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shortcuts in stochastic systems and control of biophysical processes: The biochemical reaction networks that regulate living systems are all\nstochastic to varying degrees. The resulting randomness affects biological\noutcomes at multiple scales, from the functional states of single proteins in a\ncell to the evolutionary trajectory of whole populations. Controlling how the\ndistribution of these outcomes changes over time -- via external interventions\nlike time-varying concentrations of chemical species -- is a complex challenge.\nIn this work, we show how counterdiabatic (CD) driving, first developed to\ncontrol quantum systems, provides a versatile tool for steering biological\nprocesses. We develop a practical graph-theoretic framework for CD driving in\ndiscrete-state continuous-time Markov networks. Though CD driving is limited to\ntarget trajectories that are instantaneous stationary states, we show how to\ngeneralize the approach to allow for non-stationary targets and local control\n-- where only a subset of system states are targeted. The latter is\nparticularly useful for biological implementations where there may be only a\nsmall number of available external control knobs, insufficient for global\ncontrol. We derive simple graphical criteria for when local versus global\ncontrol is possible. Finally, we illustrate the formalism with global control\nof a genetic regulatory switch and local control in chaperone-assisted protein\nfolding. The derived control protocols in the chaperone system closely resemble\nnatural control strategies seen in experimental measurements of heat shock\nresponse in yeast and E. coli.",
        "positive": "Algebraic Bethe ansatz for the one-dimensional Hubbard model with open\n  boundaries: The one-dimensional Hubbard model with open boundary conditions is exactly\nsolved by means of algebraic Bethe ansatz. The eigenvalue of the transfer\nmatrix, the energy spectrum as well as the Bethe ansatz equations are obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Decoherence at Finite Temperatures: We study measures of decoherence and thermalization of a quantum system $S$\nin the presence of a quantum environment (bath) $E$. The whole system is\nprepared in a canonical thermal state at a finite temperature. Applying\nperturbation theory with respect to the system-environment coupling strength,\nwe find that under common Hamiltonian symmetries, up to first order in the\ncoupling strength it is sufficient to consider the uncoupled system to predict\ndecoherence and thermalization measures of $S$. This decoupling allows closed\nform expressions for perturbative expansions for the measures of decoherence\nand thermalization in terms of the free energies of $S$ and of $E$. Numerical\nresults for both coupled and decoupled systems with up to 40 quantum spins\nvalidate these findings.",
        "positive": "Locating topological phase transitions using nonequilibrium signatures\n  in local bulk observables: Topological quantum phases cannot be characterized by local order parameters\nin the bulk. In this work however, we show that signatures of a topological\nquantum critical point do remain in local observables in the bulk, and manifest\nthemselves as non-analyticities in their expectation values taken over a family\nof non-equilibrium states generated using a quantum quench protocol. The\nsignature can be used for precisely locating the critical points in parameter\nspace. A large class of initial states can be chosen for the quench (including\nfinite temperature states), the sufficient condition being existence of a\nfinite occupation-gradient with respect to energy for the single-particle\ncritical mode. We demonstrate these results in tractable models of\nnon-interacting fermions exhibiting topological phase transitions in one and\ntwo spatial dimensions. We also show that the non-analyticities can be absent\nif the gap-closing is non-topological, i.e., when it corresponds to no phase\ntransition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time scale separation in the low temperature East model: Rigorous\n  results: We consider the non-equilibrium dynamics of the East model, a linear chain of\n0-1 spins evolving under a simple Glauber dynamics in the presence of a kinetic\nconstraint which forbids flips of those spins whose left neighbour is 1. We\nfocus on the glassy effects caused by the kinetic constraint as $q\\downarrow\n0$, where $q$ is the equilibrium density of the 0's. Specifically we analyse\ntime scale separation and dynamic heterogeneity, i.e. non-trivial\nspatio-temporal fluctuations of the local relaxation to equilibrium, one of the\ncentral aspects of glassy dynamics. For any mesoscopic length scale\n$L=O(q^{-\\gamma})$, $\\gamma<1$, we show that the characteristic time scale\nassociated to two length scales $d/q^\\gamma$ and $d'/q^\\gamma$ are indeed\nseparated by a factor $q^{-a}$, $a=a(\\gamma)>0$, provided that $d'/d$ is large\nenough independently of $q$. In particular, the evolution of mesoscopic\ndomains, i.e. maximal blocks of the form $111..10$, occurs on a time scale\nwhich depends sharply on the size of the domain, a clear signature of dynamic\nheterogeneity. Finally we show that no form of time scale separation can occur\nfor $\\gamma=1$, i.e. at the equilibrium scale $L=1/q$, contrary to what was\npreviously assumed in the physical literature based on numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "The thermodynamics governing 'endoreversible' engines: The thermodynamics of the Curzon-Ahlborn engine, which is a prototype of\nendoreversible engines, is elucidated. In particular, their criterion for\nadiabatic equilibration is revised. The so-called irreversibility of\nendoreversible engines arises from the selection of the coldest reservoir for\nheat rejection. Rather, if the reservoirs are allowed to come into thermal and\nmechanical contact, a mean value results which optimizes the work output and\nheat uptake, and is entirely reversible. The Carnot efficiency cannot be beaten\nbecause nothing is as cold as the coldest reservoir."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gaussian Free Field in the background of correlated random clusters,\n  formed by metallic nanoparticles: The effect of metallic nano-particles (MNPs) on the electrostatic potential\nof a disordered 2D dielectric media is considered. The disorder in the media is\nassumed to be white-noise Coulomb impurities with normal distribution. To\nrealize the correlations between the MNPs we have used the Ising model with an\nartificial temperature $T$ that controls the number of MNPs as well as their\ncorrelations. In the $T\\rightarrow 0$ limit, one retrieves the Gaussian free\nfield (GFF), and in the finite temperature the problem is equivalent to a GFF\nin iso-potential islands. The problem is argued to be equivalent to a\nscale-invariant random surface with some critical exponents which vary with $T$\nand correspondingly are correlation-dependent. Two type of observables have\nbeen considered: local and global quantities. We have observed that the MNPs\nsoften the random potential and reduce its statistical fluctuations. This\nsoftening is observed in the local as well as the geometrical quantities. The\ncorrelation function of the electrostatic and its total variance are observed\nto be logarithmic just like the GFF, i.e. the roughness exponent remains zero\nfor all temperatures, whereas the proportionality constants scale with $T-T_c$.\nThe fractal dimension of iso-potential lines ($D_f$), the exponent of the\ndistribution function of the gyration radius ($\\tau_r$), and the loop lengths\n($\\tau_l$), and also the exponent of the loop Green function $x_l$ change in\nterms of $T-T_c$ in a power-law fashion, with some critical exponents reported\nin the text. Importantly we have observed that\n$D_f(T)-D_f(T_c)\\sim\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\xi(T)}}$, in which $\\xi(T)$ is the spin\ncorrelation length in the Ising model.",
        "positive": "Methods of Retrieving Large-Variable Exponents: Methods of determining, from small-variable asymptotic expansions, the\ncharacteristic exponents for variables tending to infinity are analyzed. The\nfollowing methods are considered: diff-log Pad\\'e summation, self-similar\nfactor approximation, self-similar diff-log summation, self-similar Borel\nsummation, and self-similar Borel-Leroy summation. Several typical problems are\ntreated. The comparison of the results shows that all these methods provide\nclose estimates for the large-variable exponents. The reliable estimates are\nobtained when different methods of summation are compatible with each other."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on ``Connection between the Burgers equation with an elastic\n  forcing term and a stochastic process'': In the above mentioned paper by E. Moreau and O. Vall\\'{e}e [Phys. Rev. {\\bf\nE 73}, 016112, (2006)], the one-dimensional Burgers equation with an elastic\n(attractive) forcing term has been claimed to be connected with the\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck process. We point out that this connection is valid only in\ncase of the repulsive forcing.",
        "positive": "Pair correlations in a finite-temperature 1D Bose gas: We calculate the two-particle local correlation for an interacting 1D Bose\ngas at finite temperature and classify various physical regimes. We present the\nexact numerical solution by using the Yang-Yang equations and Hellmann-Feynman\ntheorem and develop analytical approaches. Our results draw prospects for\nidentifying the regimes of coherent output of an atom laser, and of\nfinite-temperature ''fermionization'' through the measurement of the rates of\ntwo-body inelastic processes, such as photo-association."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Systems with Correlations in the Variance: Generating Power-Law Tails in\n  Probability Distributions: We study how the presence of correlations in physical variables contributes\nto the form of probability distributions. We investigate a process with\ncorrelations in the variance generated by (i) a Gaussian or (ii) a truncated\nL\\'{e}vy distribution. For both (i) and (ii), we find that due to the\ncorrelations in the variance, the process ``dynamically'' generates power-law\ntails in the distributions, whose exponents can be controlled through the way\nthe correlations in the variance are introduced. For (ii), we find that the\nprocess can extend a truncated distribution {\\it beyond the truncation cutoff},\nwhich leads to a crossover between a L\\'{e}vy stable power law and the present\n``dynamically-generated'' power law. We show that the process can explain the\ncrossover behavior recently observed in the $S&P500$ stock index.",
        "positive": "First- and second-order phase transitions in scale-free networks: We study first- and second-order phase transitions of ferromagnetic lattice\nmodels on scale-free networks, with a degree exponent $\\gamma$. Using the\nexample of the $q$-state Potts model we derive a general self-consistency\nrelation within the frame of the Weiss molecular-field approximation, which\npresumably leads to exact critical singularities. Depending on the value of\n$\\gamma$, we have found three different regimes of the phase diagram. As a\ngeneral trend first-order transitions soften with decreasing $\\gamma$ and the\ncritical singularities at the second-order transitions are $\\gamma$-dependent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extinction of oscillating populations: Established populations often exhibit oscillations in their sizes. If a\npopulation is isolated, intrinsic stochasticity of elemental processes can\nultimately bring it to extinction. Here we study extinction of oscillating\npopulations in a stochastic version of the Rosenzweig-MacArthur predator-prey\nmodel. To this end we extend a WKB approximation (after Wentzel, Kramers and\nBrillouin) of solving the master equation to the case of extinction from a\nlimit cycle in the space of population sizes. We evaluate the extinction rates\nand find the most probable paths to extinction by applying Floquet theory to\nthe dynamics of an effective WKB Hamiltonian. We show that the entropic\nbarriers to extinction change in a non-analytic way as the system passes\nthrough the Hopf bifurcation. We also study the subleading pre-exponential\nfactors of the WKB approximation.",
        "positive": "Pressure and Stress Tensor in a Yukawa Fluid: Systems of particles interacting through a screened Coulomb potential of the\nDebye-Yukawa form are considered. The pressure is obtained from the stress\ntensor of the field corresponding to the Yukawa interaction, by a suitable\nstatistical average. This approach is especially appropriate for systems living\nin a curved space. In a curved space, a self contribution to the pressure\nappears, and it is essential to take it into account for retrieving a correct\npressure when the Yukawa interaction tends to the Coulomb interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A lattice model of reduced jamming by barrier: We study an asymmetric simple exclusion process in a strip in the presence of\na solid impenetrable barrier. We focus on the effect of the barrier on the\nresidence time of the particles, namely, the typical time needed by the\nparticles to cross the whole strip. We explore the conditions for reduced\njamming when varying the environment (different drifts, reservoir densities,\nhorizontal diffusion walks, etc.). Particularly, we discover an interesting\nnon--monotonic behavior of the residence time as a function of the barrier\nlength. Besides recovering by means of both the lattice dynamics and mean-field\nmodel well-known aspects like faster-is-slower effect and the intermittence of\nthe flow, we propose also a birth-and-death process and a reduced\none-dimensional model with variable barrier permeability to capture\nqualitatively the behavior of the residence time with respect to the\nparameters. We report our first steps towards the understanding to which extent\nthe presence of obstacles can fluidize pedestrian and biological transport in\ncrowded heterogeneous environments.",
        "positive": "Tsallis entropy and hyperbolicity: Some preliminary evidence suggests the conjecture that the collective\nbehaviour of systems having long-range interactions may be described more\neffectively by the Tsallis rather than by the Boltzmann/Gibbs/Shannon entropy.\nTo this end, we examine consequences of the biggest difference between these\ntwo entropies: their composition properties. We rely on a metric formalism that\nestablishes the \"hyperbolic\" nature of Tsallis entropy and explore some of its\nconsequences for the underlying systems. We present some recent and some\nforthcoming results of our work"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conductance in diffusive quasi-one-dimensional periodic waveguides: a\n  semiclassical and random matrix study: We study quantum transport properties of finite periodic\nquasi-one-dimensional waveguides whose classical dynamics is diffusive. The\nsystem we consider is a scattering configuration, composed of a finite periodic\nchain of $L$ identical (classically chaotic and finite-horizon) unit cells,\nwhich is connected to semi-infinite plane leads at its extremes. Particles\ninside the cavity are free and only interact with the boundaries through\nelastic collisions; this means waves are described by the Helmholtz equation\nwith Dirichlet boundary conditions on the waveguide walls. The equivalent to\nthe disorder ensemble is an energy ensemble, defined over a classically small\nrange but many mean level spacings wide. The number of propagative channels in\nthe leads is $N$. We have studied the (adimensional) Landauer conductance $g$\nas a function of $L$ and $N$ in the cosine-shaped waveguide and by means of our\nRMT periodic chain model. We have found that $<g(L)>$ exhibit two regimes.\nFirst, for chains of length $L\\lesssim\\sqrt{N}$ the dynamics is diffusive just\nlike in the disordered wire in the metallic regime, where the typic ohmic\nscaling is observed with $<g(L)> = N/(L+1)$. In this regime, the conductance\ndistribution is a Gaussian with small variance but which grows linearly with\n$L$. Then, in longer systems with $L\\gg\\sqrt{N}$, the periodic nature becomes\nrelevant and the conductance reaches a constant asymptotic value\n$<g(L\\to\\infty)> \\sim <N_B>$. The variance approaches a constant value\n$\\sim\\sqrt{N}$ as $L\\to\\infty$. Comparing the conductance using the unitary and\northogonal circular ensembles we observed that a weak localization effect is\npresent in the two regimes.",
        "positive": "Pair-distribution functions of two-temperature two-mass systems:\n  Comparison of MD, HNC, CHNC, QMC and Kohn-Sham calculations for dense\n  hydrogen: Two-temperature, two-mass quasi-equilibrium plasmas may occur in electron-ion\nplasmas,nuclear-matter, as well as in electron-hole condensed-matter systems.\nDense two-temperature hydrogen plasmas straddle the difficult partially -\ndegenerate regime of electron densities and temperatures which are important in\nastrophysics, in inertial-confinement fusion research, and other areas of warm\ndense matter physics. Results from Kohn-Sham calculations and QMC are used to\nbenchmark the procedures used in classical molecular-dynamics simulations, HNC\nand CHNC methods to derive electron-electron and electron-proton pair -\ndistribution functions. Then, nonequilibrium molecular dynamics for two\n-temperature, two-mass plasmas are used to obtain the pair distribution. Using\nthese results, the correct HNC and CHNC procedures for the evaluation of\npair-distribution functions in two-temperature two-mass two-component charged\nfluids are established. Results for a mass ratio of 1:5, typical of\nelectron-hole fluids, as well as for compressed hydrogen are presented. PACS\nNumbers: 52.25.Kn, 52.25Gj, 71.10.-w, 52.27.Gr, 26.30.+k"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Quantum Phase Transition and Quasi Particle Excitation: Dynamical phase transitions (DPTs) are signaled by the non-analytical time\nevolution of the dynamical free energy after quenching some global parameters\nin quantum systems. The dynamical free energy is calculated from the overlap\nbetween the initial and the time evolved states (Loschmidt amplitude). In a\nrecent study it was suggested that DPTs are related to the equilibrium phase\ntransitions (EPTs) (M. Heyl et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. \\textbf{110}, 135704\n(2013)). We here study an exactly solvable model, the extended $XY$ model, the\nLoschmidt amplitude of which provides a counterexample. We show analytically\nthat the connection between the DPTs and the EPTs does not hold generally.\nAnalysing also the general compass model as a second example, assists us to\npropound the physical condition under which the DPT occurs without crossing the\nequilibrium critical point, and also no DPT by crossing the equilibrium\ncritical point.",
        "positive": "Entanglement dynamics in critical random quantum Ising chain with\n  perturbations: We simulate the entanglement dynamics in a critical random quantum Ising\nchain with generic perturbations using the time-evolving block decimation\nalgorithm. Starting from a product state, we observe super-logarithmic growth\nof entanglement entropy with time. The numerical result is consistent with the\nanalytical prediction of Vosk and Altman using a real-space renormalization\ngroup technique."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation dynamics in a long-range system with mixed Hamiltonian and\n  non-Hamiltonian interactions: Sometimes the dynamics of a physical system is described by non-Hamiltonian\nequations of motion, and additionally, the system is characterized by\nlong-range interactions. A concrete example is that of particles interacting\nwith light as encountered in free-electron laser and cold-atom experiments. In\nthis work, we study the relaxation dynamics to non-Hamiltonian systems, more\nprecisely, to systems with interactions of both Hamiltonian and non-Hamiltonian\norigin. Our model consists of $N$ globally-coupled particles moving on a circle\nof unit radius; the model is one-dimensional. We show that in the infinite-size\nlimit, the dynamics, similarly to the Hamiltonian case, is described by the\nVlasov equation. In the Hamiltonian case, the system eventually reaches an\nequilibrium state, even though one has to wait for a long time diverging with\n$N$ for this to happen. By contrast, in the non-Hamiltonian case, there is no\nequilibrium state that the system is expected to reach eventually. We\ncharacterize this state with its average magnetization. We find that the\nrelaxation dynamics depends strongly on the relative weight of the Hamiltonian\nand non-Hamiltonian contributions to the interaction. When the non-Hamiltonian\npart is predominant, the magnetization attains a vanishing value, suggesting\nthat the system does not sustain states with constant magnetization, either\nstationary or rotating. On the other hand, when the Hamiltonian part is\npredominant, the magnetization presents long-lived strong oscillations, for\nwhich we provide a heuristic explanation. Furthermore, we find that the\nfinite-size corrections are much more pronounced than those in the Hamiltonian\ncase; we justify this by showing that the Lenard-Balescu equation, which gives\nleading-order corrections to the Vlasov equation, does not vanish, contrary to\nwhat occurs in one-dimensional Hamiltonian long-range systems.",
        "positive": "Entropy formula of N-body system: We prove a proposition that the entropy of the system composed of finite $N$\nmolecules of ideal gas is the $q$-entropy or Havrda-Charv\\'at-Tsallis entropy,\nwhich is also known as Tsallis entropy, with the entropic index\n$q=\\frac{D(N-1)-4}{D(N-1)-2}$ in $D$-dimensional space. The indispensable\ninfinity assumption used by Boltzmann and others in their derivation of entropy\nformulae is not involved in our derivation, therefore our derived formula is\nexact. The analogy of the $N$-body system brings us to obtain the entropic\nindex of a combined system $q_C$ formed from subsystems having different\nentropic indexes $q_A$ and $q_B$ as\n$\\frac{1}{1-q_C}=\\frac{1}{1-q_A}+\\frac{1}{1-q_B}+\\frac{D+2}{2}$. It is possible\nto use the number $N$ for the physical measure of deviation from Boltzmann\nentropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling in a Nonconservative Earthquake Model of Self-Organised\n  Criticality: We numerically investigate the Olami-Feder-Christensen model for earthquakes\nin order to characterise its scaling behaviour. We show that ordinary finite\nsize scaling in the model is violated due to global, system wide events.\nNevertheless we find that subsystems of linear dimension small compared to the\noverall system size obey finite (subsystem) size scaling, with universal\ncritical coefficients, for the earthquake events localised within the\nsubsystem. We provide evidence, moreover, that large earthquakes responsible\nfor breaking finite size scaling are initiated predominantly near the boundary.",
        "positive": "Serial Correlation, Periodicity and Scaling of Eigenmodes in an Emerging\n  Market: We investigate serial correlation, periodic, aperiodic and scaling behaviour\nof eigenmodes, i.e. daily price fluctuation time-series derived from\neigenvectors, of correlation matrices of shares listed on the Johannesburg\nStock Exchange (JSE) from January 1993 to December 2002. Periodic, or calendar,\ncomponents are detected by spectral analysis. We find that calendar effects are\nlimited to eigenmodes which correspond to eigenvalues outside the Wishart\nrange. Using a variance ratio test, we uncover serial correlation in the first\neigenmodes and find slight negative serial correlation for eigenmodes within\nthe Wishart range. Our spectral analysis and variance ratio investigations\nsuggest that interpolating missing data or illiquid trading days with\nzero-order hold introduces high frequency noise and spurious serial\ncorrelation.\n  Aperiodic and scaling behaviour of the eigenmodes are investigated by using\nrescaled-range (R/S) methods and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). We find\nthat DFA and classic and modified R/S exponents suggest the presence of\nlong-term memory effects in the first five eigenmodes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chaotic renormalization group flow and entropy gradients over Haros\n  graphs: Haros graphs have been recently introduced as a set of graphs bijectively\nrelated to real numbers in the unit interval. Here we consider the iterated\ndynamics of a graph operator $\\cal R$ over the set of Haros graphs. This\noperator was previously defined in the realm of graph-theoretical\ncharacterisation of low-dimensional nonlinear dynamics, and has a\nrenormalization group (RG) structure. We find that the dynamics of $\\cal R$\nover Haros graphs is complex and includes unstable periodic orbits or arbitrary\nperiod and non-mixing aperiodic orbits, overall portraiting a chaotic RG flow.\nWe identify a single RG stable fixed point whose basin of attraction is the set\nof rational numbers, associate periodic RG orbits with (pure) quadratic\nirrationals and aperiodic RG orbits with (non-mixing) families of non-quadratic\nalgebraic irrationals and trascendental numbers. Finally, we show that the\nentropy gradients inside periodic RG orbits are constant. We discuss the\npossible physical interpretation of such chaotic RG flow and speculate on the\nentropy-constant periodic orbits as a possible confirmation of a (quantum\nfield-theoretic) $c$-theorem applied inside the invariant set of a RG flow.",
        "positive": "Glassy Relaxation and Breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein Relation in the\n  Two Dimensional Lattice Coulomb Gas of Fractional Charges: We present Monte Carlo simulation results on the equilibrium relaxation of\nthe two dimensional lattice Coulomb gas with fractional charges, which exhibits\na close analogy to the primary relaxation of fragile supercooled liquids.\nSingle particle and collective relaxation dynamics show that the\nStokes-Einstein relation is violated at low temperatures, which can be\ncharacterized by a fractional power law relation between the self-diffusion\ncoefficient and the characteristic relaxation time. The microscopic spatially\nheterogeneous structure responsible for the violation is identified."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin systems with dimerized ground states: In view of the numerous examples in the literature it is attempted to outline\na theory of Heisenberg spin systems possessing dimerized ground states (``DGS\nsystems\") which comprises all known examples. Whereas classical DGS systems can\nbe completely characterized, it was only possible to provide necessary or\nsufficient conditions for the quantum case. First, for all DGS systems the\ninteraction between the dimers must be balanced in a certain sense. Moreover,\none can identify four special classes of DGS systems: (i) Uniform pyramids,\n(ii) systems close to isolated dimer systems, (iii) classical DGS systems, and\n(iv), in the case of $s=1/2$, systems of two dimers satisfying four\ninequalities. Geometrically, the set of all DGS systems may be visualized as a\nconvex cone in the linear space of all exchange constants. Hence one can\ngenerate new examples of DGS systems by positive linear combinations of\nexamples from the above four classes.",
        "positive": "Finite-size scaling of the random-field Ising model above the upper\n  critical dimension: Finite-size scaling above the upper critical dimension is a long-standing\npuzzle in the field of Statistical Physics. Even for pure systems various\nscaling theories have been suggested, partially corroborated by numerical\nsimulations. In the present manuscript we address this problem in the even more\ncomplicated case of disordered systems. In particular, we investigate the\nscaling behavior of the random-field Ising model at dimension $D = 7$, i.e.,\nabove its upper critical dimension $D_{\\rm u} = 6$, by employing extensive\nground-state numerical simulations. Our results confirm the hypothesis that at\ndimensions $D > D_{\\rm u}$, linear length scale $L$ should be replaced in\nfinite-size scaling expressions by the effective scale $L_{\\rm eff} = L^{D /\nD_{\\rm u}}$. Via a fitted version of the quotients method that takes this\nmodification, but also subleading scaling corrections into account, we compute\nthe critical point of the transition for Gaussian random fields and provide\nestimates for the full set of critical exponents. Thus, our analysis indicates\nthat this modified version of finite-size scaling is successful also in the\ncontext of the random-field problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Intrinsic dimension of path integrals: data mining quantum criticality\n  and emergent simplicity: Quantum many-body systems are characterized by patterns of correlations that\ndefine highly-non trivial manifolds when interpreted as data structures.\nPhysical properties of phases and phase transitions are typically retrieved via\nsimple correlation functions, that are related to observable response\nfunctions. Recent experiments have demonstrated capabilities to fully\ncharacterize quantum many-body systems via wave-function snapshots, opening new\npossibilities to analyze quantum phenomena. Here, we introduce a method to data\nmine the correlation structure of quantum partition functions via their path\nintegral (or equivalently, stochastic series expansion) manifold. We\ncharacterize path-integral manifolds generated via state-of-the-art Quantum\nMonte Carlo methods utilizing the intrinsic dimension (ID) and the variance of\ndistances from nearest neighbors (NN): the former is related to dataset\ncomplexity, while the latter is able to diagnose connectivity features of\npoints in configuration space. We show how these properties feature universal\npatterns in the vicinity of quantum criticality, that reveal how data\nstructures {\\it simplify} systematically at quantum phase transitions. This is\nfurther reflected by the fact that both ID and variance of NN-distances exhibit\nuniversal scaling behavior in the vicinity of second-order and\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless critical points. Finally, we show how\nnon-Abelian symmetries dramatically influence quantum data sets, due to the\nnature of (non-commuting) conserved charges in the quantum case. Complementary\nto neural network representations, our approach represents a first, elementary\nstep towards a systematic characterization of path integral manifolds before\nany dimensional reduction is taken, that is informative about universal\nbehavior and complexity, and can find immediate application to both experiments\nand Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "On Synchronization, Persistence and Seasonality in some Spatially\n  Inhomogeneous Models in Epidemics and Ecology: Recent studies in ecology and epidemiology indicate that it is important to\ninclude spatial heterogeneity, synchronization and seasonality in the\ntheoretical models. In this work, spatial heterogeneity is introduced via\ncoupled map lattices (CML) and partial differential equations. Stability and\npersistence of some realistic CML are discussed. Chaos control, synchronization\nand persistence are studied for some CML. Some applications in population\nbiology and ecology are given. A simple method for finding the sufficient\nconditions for the existence of periodic solutions for differential equations\nwith periodic coefficients is given. This will simplify the study of\nseasonality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coherent quantum oscillations in coupled traps with ultracold atoms: The dynamics of two traps with ultracold atoms and connected by Josephson\ntype coupling, is shown to exhibit a transition from dispersive dynamics to\nlocalized coherent oscillations. This transition is controlled by coupling\nstrength and energy offset between the traps. The dynamics is also shown to be\nexactly that of a Heisenberg chain with a linear magnetic field. Possible\napplications for ``quantum-state engineering'' are discussed.",
        "positive": "Bipartite entanglement in the spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg planar lattice\n  constituted of identical trigonal bipyramidal plaquettes: The bipartite entanglement is rigorously examined in the spin-$1/2$\nIsing-Heisenberg planar lattice composed of identical inter-connected\nbipyramidal plaquettes at zero and finite temperatures using the quantity\ncalled concurrence. It is shown that the Heisenberg spins of the same plaquette\nare twice stronger entangled in the two-fold degenerate quantum ground state\nthan in the macroscopically degenerate quantum chiral one. The bipartite\nentanglement with chiral features completely disappears below or exactly at the\ncritical temperature of the model, while that with no chirality may survive\neven above the critical temperature of the model. Non-monotonous temperature\nvariations of the concurrence clearly evidence the activation of the entangled\nHeisenberg states also above classical ground state as well as their\nre-appearance above the critical temperature of the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solvable models of Bose-Einstein condensates: a new algebraic Bethe\n  ansatz scheme: A new algebraic Bethe ansatz scheme is proposed to diagonalise classes of\nintegrable models relevant to the description of Bose-Einstein condensates in\ndilute alkali gases. This is achieved by introducing the notion of Z-graded\nrepresentations of the Yang-Baxter algebra.",
        "positive": "Shear-stress fluctuations in self-assembled transient elastic networks: Focusing on shear-stress fluctuations we investigate numerically a simple\ngeneric model for self-assembled transient networks formed by repulsive beads\nreversibly bridged by ideal springs. With $\\Delta dt$ being the sampling time\nand $t_*(f) \\sim 1/f$ the Maxwell relaxation time (set by the spring\nrecombination frequency $f$) the dimensionless parameter $\\Delta x = dt/t_*(f)$\nis systematically scanned from the liquid limit ($\\Delta dx \\gg 1)$ to the\nsolid limit ($\\Delta x \\ll 1$) where the network topology is quenched and an\nensemble average over $m$ independent configurations is required. Generalizing\nprevious work on permanent networks it is shown that the shear-stress\nrelaxation modulus $G(t)$ may be efficiently determined for all $\\Delta x$\nusing the simple-average expression $G(t) = \\mu_A - h(t)$ with $\\mu_A = G(0)$\ncharacterizing the canonical-affine shear transformation of the system at $t=0$\nand $h(t)$ the (rescaled) mean-square displacement of the instantaneous shear\nstress as a function of time $t$. This relation is compared to the standard\nexpression $G(t) = C(t)$ using the (rescaled) shear-stress autocorrelation\nfunction $C(t)$. Lower bounds for the $m$ configurations required by both\nrelations are given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Statistical Model of Current Loops and Magnetic Monopoles: We formulate a natural model of current loops and magnetic monopoles for\narbitrary planar graphs, which we call the monopole-dimer model, and express\nthe partition function of this model as a determinant. We then extend the\nmethod of Kasteleyn and Temperley-Fisher to calculate the partition function\nexactly in the case of rectangular grids. This partition function turns out to\nbe a square of the partition function of an emergent monomer-dimer model when\nthe grid sizes are even. We use this formula to calculate the local monopole\ndensity, free energy and entropy exactly. Our technique is a novel\ndeterminantal formula for the partition function of a model of vertices and\nloops for arbitrary graphs.",
        "positive": "Relations between Short Range and Long Range Ising models: We perform a numerical study of the long range (LR) ferromagnetic Ising model\nwith power law decaying interactions ($J \\propto r^{-d-\\sigma}$) both on a\none-dimensional chain ($d=1$) and on a square lattice ($d=2$). We use advanced\ncluster algorithms to avoid the critical slowing down. We first check the\nvalidity of the relation connecting the critical behavior of the LR model with\nparameters $(d,\\sigma)$ to that of a short range (SR) model in an equivalent\ndimension $D$. We then study the critical behavior of the $d=2$ LR model close\nto the lower critical $\\sigma$, uncovering that the spatial correlation\nfunction decays with two different power laws: the effect of the subdominant\npower law is much stronger than finite size effects and actually makes the\nestimate of critical exponents very subtle. By including this subdominant power\nlaw, the numerical data are consistent with the standard renormalization group\n(RG) prediction by Sak, thus making not necessary (and unlikely, according to\nOccam's razor) the recent proposal by Picco of having a new set of RG fixed\npoints, in addition to the mean-field one and the SR one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inhomogeneous Systems with Unusual Critical Behaviour: The phase transitions and critical properties of two types of inhomogeneous\nsystems are reviewed. In one case, the local critical behaviour results from\nthe particular shape of the system. Here scale-invariant forms like wedges or\ncones are considered as well as general parabolic shapes. In the other case the\nsystem contains defects, either narrow ones in the form of lines or stars, or\nextended ones where the couplings deviate from their bulk values according to\npower laws. In each case the perturbation may be irrelevant, marginal or\nrelevant. In the marginal case one finds local exponents which depend on a\nparameter. In the relevant case unusual stretched exponential behaviour and/or\nlocal first order transitions appear. The discussion combines mean field\ntheory, scaling considerations, conformal transformations and perturbation\ntheory. A number of examples are Ising models for which exact results can be\nobtained. Some walks and polymer problems are considered, too.",
        "positive": "Nontrivial temperature dependence of ferromagnetic resonance frequency\n  for spin reorientation transitions: We find unusual temperature dependence of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR)\nfrequency $f_{\\rm R}$ for the spin-reorientation (SR) transition, in which the\neasy axis changes depending on temperature, observed in the Nd permanent\nmagnet, Nd$_2$Fe$_{14}$B: $f_{\\rm R} \\sim 0$ below the SR transition\ntemperature ($T_{\\rm R}$), drastic increase of $f_{\\rm R}$ around $T_{\\rm R}$,\nand decrease from a peak at higher temperatures. It is nontrivial that the SR\ntransition causes the unusual behavior of the FMR frequency in a wide\ntemperature region. We show the mechanism of the temperature dependence by\ntheoretical and computational analyses. We derive a general relation between\n$f_{\\rm R}$ and magnetizations to help the understanding of the mechanism, and\nclarify that the fluctuation of the transverse magnetization is a key\ningredient for the resonance in all temperature regions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A new derivation of the relationship between diffusion coefficient and\n  entropy in classical Brownian motion by the ensemble method: The diffusion coefficient--a measure of dissipation, and the entropy--a\nmeasure of fluctuation are found to be intimately correlated in many physical\nsystems. Unlike the fluctuation dissipation theorem in linear response theory,\nthe correlation is often strongly non-linear. To understand this complex\ndependence, we consider the classical Brownian diffusion in this work. Under\ncertain rational assumption, i.e. in the bi-component fluid mixture, the mass\nof the Brownian particle $M$ is far greater than that of the bath molecule $m$,\nwe can adopt the weakly couple limit. Only considering the first-order\napproximation of the mass ratio $m/M$, we obtain a linear motion equation in\nthe reference frame of the observer as a Brownian particle. Based on this\nequivalent equation, we get the Hamiltonian at equilibrium. Finally, using\ncanonical ensemble method, we define a new entropy that is similar to the\nKolmogorov-Sinai entropy. Further, we present an analytic expression of the\nrelationship between the diffusion coefficient $D$ and the entropy $S$ in the\nthermal equilibrium, that is to say, $D =\\frac{\\hbar}{eM} \\exp{[S/(k_Bd)]}$,\nwhere $d$ is the dimension of the space, $k_B$ the Boltzmann constant, $\\hbar $\nthe reduced Planck constant and $e$ the Euler number. This kind of scaling\nrelation has been well-known and well-tested since the similar one for single\ncomponent is firstly derived by Rosenfeld with the expansion of volume ratio.",
        "positive": "Local time of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particle: In this paper, we study the local time spent by an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck\nparticle at some location till time t. Using the Feynman-Kac formalism, the\ncomputation of the moment generating function of the local time can be mapped\nto the problem of finding the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of a quantum\nparticle. We employ quantum perturbation theory to compute the eigenvalues and\neigenfunctions in powers of the argument of the moment generating function\nwhich particularly help to directly compute the cumulants and correlations\namong local times spent at different locations. In particular, we obtain\nexplicit expressions of the mean, variance, and covariance of the local times\nin the presence and in the absence of an absorbing boundary, conditioned on\nsurvival. In the absence of absorbing boundaries, we also study large\ndeviations of the local time and compute exact asymptotic forms of the\nassociated large deviation functions explicitly. In the second part of the\npaper, we extend our study of the statistics of local time of the\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck particle to the case not conditioned on survival. In this\ncase, one expects the distribution of the local time to reach a stationary\ndistribution in the large time limit. Computations of such stationary\ndistributions are known in the literature as the problem of first passage\nfunctionals. In this paper, we study the approach to this stationary state with\ntime by providing a general formulation for evaluating the moment generating\nfunction. From this moment generating function, we compute the cumulants of the\nlocal time exhibiting the approach to the stationary values explicitly for a\nfree particle and a Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particle. Our analytical results are\nverified and supported by numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probability of the emergence of helical precipitation patterns in the\n  wake of reaction-diffusion fronts: Helical and helicoidal precipitation patterns emerging in the wake of\nreaction-diffusion fronts are studied. In our experiments, these chiral\nstructures arise with well-defined probabilities P_H controlled by conditions\nsuch as e.g., the initial concentration of the reagents. We develop a model\nwhich describes the observed experimental trends. The results suggest that P_H\nis determined by a delicate interplay among the time and length scales related\nto the front and to the unstable precipitation modes and, furthermore, the\nnoise amplitude also plays a quantifiable role.",
        "positive": "Kinetic Theory of Traffic Flows: We describe traffic flows in one lane roadways using kinetic theory, with\nspecial emphasis on the role of quenched randomness in the velocity\ndistributions. When passing is forbidden, growing clusters are formed behind\nslow cars and the cluster velocity distribution is governed by an exact\nBoltzmann equation which is linear and has an infinite memory. The\ndistributions of the cluster size and the cluster velocity exhibit scaling\nbehaviors, with exponents dominated solely by extremal characteristics of the\nintrinsic velocity distribution. When passing is allowed, the system approaches\na steady state, whose nature is determined by a single dimensionless number,\nthe ratio of the passing time to the collision time, the two time scales in the\nproblem. The flow exhibits two regimes, a laminar flow regime, and a congested\nregime where large slow clusters dominate the flow. A phase transition\nseparates these two regimes when only the next-to-leading car can pass."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal bounds on entropy production inferred from observed statistics: Nonequilibrium processes break time-reversal symmetry and generate entropy.\nLiving systems are driven out-of-equilibrium at the microscopic level of\nmolecular motors that exploit chemical potential gradients to transduce free\nenergy to mechanical work, while dissipating energy. The amount of energy\ndissipation, or the entropy production rate (EPR), sets thermodynamic\nconstraints on cellular processes. Practically, calculating the total EPR in\nexperimental systems is challenging due to the limited spatiotemporal\nresolution and the lack of complete information on every degree of freedom.\nHere, we propose a new inference approach for a tight lower bound on the total\nEPR given partial information, based on an optimization scheme that uses the\nobserved transitions and waiting times statistics. We introduce hierarchical\nbounds relying on the first- and second-order transitions, and the moments of\nthe observed waiting time distributions, and apply our approach to two generic\nsystems of a hidden network and a molecular motor, with lumped states. Finally,\nwe show that a lower bound on the total EPR can be obtained even when assuming\na simpler network topology of the full system.",
        "positive": "Thermalization in Systems with Bipartite Eigenmode Entanglement: It is analytically shown that the asymptotic correlations in exactly solvable\nmodels following a quantum quench can behave essentially as thermal\ncorrelations provided the entanglement between two eigenmodes is sufficiently\nstrong. We provide one example and one counter example of this observation. The\nexample illustrates the fact that the thermal correlations arise from initial\nstates where the entanglement between the eigenmodes stems from the existence\nof a large energy gap in the initial state. On the other hand, the\ncounter-example shows that when the bi-partite entanglement of the eigenmodes\nstems from interactions that do not open a gap, the correlations at\nasymptotically long times are non-thermal. We also show that the thermal\nbehavior concerns only the asymptotic correlation functions, as the difference\nwith an actual thermal ensemble can be observed measuring the energy\nfluctuations of the system. The latter observation implies a breakdown of the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations and correlations in nonequilibrium systems: Nonequilibrium systems exchange the energy with an environment in the form of\nwork and heat. The work done on a system obeys the fluctuation theorem, while\nthe dissipated heat which differs from the work by the internal energy change\ndoes not. We derive the modified fluctuation relation for the heat in the\noverdamped Langevin system. It shows that mutual correlations among the work,\nthe heat, and the internal energy change are responsible for the different\nfluctuation property of the work and the heat. The mutual correlation is\ninvestigated in detail in a two-dimensional linear diffusion system. We develop\nan analytic method which allows one to calculate the large deviation function\nfor the joint probability distributions. We find that the heat and the internal\nenergy change have a negative correlation, which explains the reason for the\nbreakdown of the fluctuation theorem for the heat.",
        "positive": "Quenches from gaussian bosons to Tonks-Girardeau gas: stationary states\n  and effects of a confining potential: We consider the general problem of quenching an interacting Bose gas from the\nnoninteracting regime to the strong repulsive case described by the\nTonks-Girardeau limit, with the initial state being a gaussian ensemble for the\nbosons. A generic multi-point correlation function in the steady state can be\nfully described in terms of a Fredholm-like determinant suitable both for a\nnumerical study and for an analytical study in certain limiting cases. Finally,\nwe extend the study to the presence of a smooth confining potential showing\nthat, in the thermodynamic limit, the time evolution of the two-point function\ncan be mapped to a classical problem in a properly defined phase-space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tipping the Balance: a criticality perspective: Cell populations are often characterised by phenotypic heterogeneity in the\nform of two distinct subpopulations. We consider a model of tumour cells\nconsisting of two subpopulations: non-cancer promoting (NCP) and\ncancer-promoting (CP). Under steady state conditions, the model has\nsimilarities with a well-known model of population genetics which exhibits a\npurely noise-induced transition from unimodality to bimodality at a critical\nvalue of the noise intensity $\\sigma^2$. The noise is associated with a\nparameter $\\lambda$ representing the system-environment coupling. In the case\nof the tumour model, $\\lambda$ has a natural interpretation in terms of the\ntissue microenvironment which has considerable influence on the phenotypic\ncomposition of the tumour. Oncogenic transformations give rise to considerable\nfluctuations in the parameter. We compute the $\\lambda-\\sigma^2$ phase diagram\nin a stochastic setting, drawing analogies between bifurcations and phase\ntransitions. In the region of bimodality, a transition from a state of balance\nto a state of dominance, in terms of the competing subpopulations, occurs at\n$\\lambda=0$. Away from this point, the NCP (CP) subpopulation becomes dominant\nas $\\lambda$ changes towards positive (negative) values. The variance of the\nsteady state probability density function as well as two entropic measures\nprovide characteristic signatures at the transtion point.",
        "positive": "Shannon Entropy Reinterpreted: In this paper we remark that Shannon entropy can be expressed as a function\nof the self-information (i.e. the logarithm) and the inverse of the Lambert $W$\nfunction. It means that we consider that Shannon entropy has the trace form:\n$-k \\sum_{i} W^{-1} \\circ \\mathsf{ln}(p_{i})$. Based on this remark we define a\ngeneralized entropy which has as a limit the Shannon entropy. In order to\nfacilitate the reasoning this generalized entropy is obtained by a\none-parameter deformation of the logarithmic function.\n  Introducing a new concept of independence of two systems the Shannon\nadditivity is replaced by a non-commutative and non-associative law which limit\nis the usual addition. The main properties associated with the generalized\nentropy are established, particularly those corresponding to statistical\nensembles. The Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics is recovered as a limit. The\nconnection with thermodynamics is also studied. We also provide a guideline for\nsystematically defining a deformed algebra which limit is the classical linear\nalgebra. As an illustrative example we study a generalized entropy based on\nTsallis self-information. We point out possible connections between deformed\nalgebra and fuzzy logics. Finally, noticing that the new concept of\nindependence is based on t-norm the one-parameter deformation of the logarithm\nis interpreted as an additive generator of t-norms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maximum and Minimum Stable Random Packings of Platonic Solids: Motivated by the relation between particle shape and packing, we measure the\nvolume fraction $\\phi$ occupied by the Platonic solids which are a class of\npolyhedron with congruent sides, vertices and dihedral angles. Tetrahedron,\ncube, octahedron, dodecahedron, and icosahedron shaped plastic dice were\nfluidized or mechanically vibrated to find stable random loose packing\n$\\phi_{rlp} = 0.51, 0.54, 0.52, 0.51, 0.50$ and densest packing $\\phi_{rcp} =\n0.64, 0.67, 0.64, 0.63, 0.59$, respectively with standard deviation $\\simeq \\pm\n0.01$. We find that $\\phi$ obtained by all protocols peak at the cube, which is\nthe only Platonic solid that can tessellate space, and then monotonically\ndecrease with number of sides. This overall trend is similar but systematically\nlower than the maximum $\\phi$ reported for frictionless Platonic solids, and\nbelow $\\phi_{rlp}$ of spheres for the loose packings. Experiments with ceramic\ntetrahedron were also conducted, and higher friction was observed to lead to\nlower $\\phi$.",
        "positive": "Exotic Ground States of Directional Pair Potentials via\n  Collective-Density Variables: Collective-density variables have proved to be a useful tool in the\nprediction and manipulation of how spatial patterns form in the classical\nmany-body problem. Previous work has employed properties of collective-density\nvariables along with a robust numerical optimization technique to find the\nclassical ground states of many-particle systems subject to radial pair\npotentials in one, two and three dimensions. That work led to the\nidentification of ordered and disordered classical ground states. In this\npaper, we extend these collective-coordinate studies by investigating the\nground states of directional pair potentials in two dimensions. Our study\nfocuses on directional potentials whose Fourier representations are non-zero on\ncompact sets that are symmetric with respect to the origin and zero everywhere\nelse. We choose to focus on one representative set which has exotic\nground-state properties: two circles whose centers are separated by some fixed\ndistance. We obtain ground states for this \"two-circle\" potential that display\nlarge void regions in the disordered regime. As more degrees of freedom are\nconstrained the ground states exhibit a collapse of dimensionality\ncharacterized by the emergence of filamentary structures and linear chains.\nThis collapse of dimensionality has not been observed before in related\nstudies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interplay between coarsening and nucleation in an Ising model with\n  dipolar interactions: We study the dynamical behavior of a square lattice Ising model with exchange\nand dipolar interactions by means of Monte Carlo simulations. After a sudden\nquench to low temperatures we find that the system may undergo a coarsening\nprocess where stripe phases with different orientations compete or\nalternatively it can relax initially to a metastable nematic phase and then\ndecay to the equilibrium stripe phase through nucleation. We measure the\ndistribution of equilibration times for both processes and compute their\nrelative probability of occurrence as a function of temperature and system\nsize. This peculiar relaxation mechanism is due to the strong metastability of\nthe nematic phase, which goes deep in the low temperature stripe phase. We also\nmeasure quasi-equilibrium autocorrelations in a wide range of temperatures.\nThey show a distinct decay to a plateau that we identify as due to a finite\nfraction of frozen spins in the nematic phase. We find indications that the\nplateau is a finite size effect. Relaxation times as a function of temperature\nin the metastable region show super-Arrhenius behavior, suggesting a possible\nglassy behavior of the system at low temperatures.",
        "positive": "Work distribution in manipulated single biomolecules: We consider the relation between the microscopic and effective descriptions\nof the unfolding experiment on a model polypeptide. We evaluate the probability\ndistribution function of the performed work by Monte Carlo simulations and\ncompare it with that obtained by evaluating the work distribution generating\nfunction on an effective Brownian motion model tailored to reproduce exactly\nthe equilibrium properties. The agreement is satisfactory for fast protocols,\nbut deteriorates for slower ones, hinting at the existence of processes on\nseveral time scales even in such a simple system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rigidity of the elastic domain structure near the boundary of its\n  existence in thin epitaxial films: We consider an interesting and practically important case of elastic domain\nstructure, which is the analogue of c/a domain pattern with 90$^\\circ$ walls in\nperovskites, and is solvable analytically for arbitrary misfit strain. There is\nno critical thickness, below which the domain structure cannot exist, when the\n\"extrinsic\" misfit is zero and the domains are of equal width. At the boundary\nof polydomain-monodomain transition the period of the pattern diverges, as does\nthe dynamic stiffness of the domain structure. It is unlikely, therefore, that\none can achieve a softness of the dielectric response of the c/a elastic\ndomains in ferroelectric-ferroelastic thin films.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium time-correlation functions of the long-range interacting\n  Fermi-Pasta-Ulam model: We present a numerical study of dynamical correlations (structure factors) of\nthe long-range generalization of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam oscillator chain, where\nthe strength of the interaction between two lattice sites decays as a power\n$\\alpha$ of the inverse of their distance. The structure factors at finite\nenergy density display distinct peaks, corresponding to long-wavelength\npropagating modes, whose dispersion relation is compatible with the predictions\nof the linear theory. We demonstrate that dynamical scaling holds, with a\ndynamical exponent $z$ that depends weakly on $\\alpha$ in the range\n$1<\\alpha<3$. The lineshapes have a non-trivial functional form and appear\nsomehow independent of $\\alpha$. Within the accessible time and size ranges, we\nalso find that the short-range limit is hardly attained even for relatively\nlarge values of $\\alpha$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Patterns in hydraulic ripples with binary granular mixtures: An experimental study of a binary granular mixture submitted to a transient\nshear flow in a cylindrical container is reported. The formation of ripples\nwith a spiral shape is observed. The appearance of phase segregation in those\nspiral patterns is shown. The relative grain size bewteen sand species is found\nto be a relevant parameter leading to phase segregation. However, the relative\nrepose angle is an irrelevant parameter. The formation of sedimentary\nstructures is also presented. They result from a ripple climbing process. The\n``sub-critical'' or ``super-critical'' character of the lamination patterns is\nshown to depend on the rotation speed of the container.",
        "positive": "The O(n) loop model on the 3-12 lattice: The partition function of the O(n) loop model on the honeycomb lattice is\nmapped to that of the O(n) loop model on the 3-12 lattice. Both models share\nthe same operator content and thus critical exponents. The critical points are\nrelated via a simple transformation of variables. When n=0 this gives the\nrecently found exact value $\\mu = 1.711 041...$ for the connective constant of\nself-avoiding walks on the 3-12 lattice. The exact critical points are\nrecovered for the Ising model on the 3-12 lattice and the dual asanoha lattice\nat n=1."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Least Rattling Feedback from Strong Time-scale Separation: In most interacting many-body systems associated with some \"emergent\nphenomena,\" we can identify sub-groups of degrees of freedom that relax on\ndramatically different time-scales. Time-scale separation of this kind is\nparticularly helpful in nonequilibrium systems where only the fast variables\nare subjected to external driving; in such a case, it may be shown through\nelimination of fast variables that the slow coordinates effectively experience\na thermal bath of spatially-varying temperature. In this work, we investigate\nhow such a temperature landscape arises according to how the slow variables\naffect the character of the driven quasi-steady-state reached by the fast\nvariables. Brownian motion in the presence of spatial temperature gradients is\nknown to lead to the accumulation of probability density in low temperature\nregions. Here, we focus on the implications of attraction to low effective\ntemperature for the long-term evolution of slow variables. After quantitatively\nderiving the temperature landscape for a general class of overdamped systems\nusing a path integral technique, we then illustrate in a simple dynamical\nsystem how the attraction to low effective temperature has a fine-tuning effect\non the slow variable, selecting configurations that bring about exceptionally\nlow force fluctuation in the fast-variable steady-state. We furthermore\ndemonstrate that a particularly strong effect of this kind can take place when\nthe slow variable is tuned to bring about orderly, integrable motion in the\nfast dynamics that avoids thermalizing energy absorbed from the drive. We thus\npoint to a potentially general feedback mechanism in multi-time-scale active\nsystems, that leads to the exploration of slow variable space, as if in search\nof fine-tuning for a \"least rattling\" response in the fast coordinates.",
        "positive": "Negative tripartite mutual information after quantum quenches in\n  integrable systems: We build the quasiparticle picture for the tripartite mutual information\n(TMI) after quantum quenches in spin chains that can be mapped onto\nfree-fermion theories. A nonzero TMI (equivalently, topological entropy)\nsignals quantum correlations between three regions of a quantum many-body\nsystem. The TMI is sensitive to entangled multiplets of more than two\nquasiparticles, i.e., beyond the entangled-pair paradigm of the standard\nquasiparticle picture. Surprisingly, for some nontrivially entangled multiplets\nthe TMI is negative at intermediate times. This means that the mutual\ninformation is monogamous, similar to holographic theories. Oppositely, for\nmultiplets that are \"classically\" entangled, the TMI is positive. Crucially, a\nnegative TMI reflects that the entanglement content of the multiplets is not\ndirectly related to the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE) that describes the\npost-quench steady state. Thus, the TMI is the ideal lens to observe the\nweakening of the relationship between entanglement and thermodynamics. We\nbenchmark our results in the XX chain and in the transverse field Ising chain.\nIn the hydrodynamic limit of long times and large intervals, with their ratio\nfixed, exact lattice results are in agreement with the quasiparticle picture."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kramers rate theory of ionization and dissociation of bound states: Calculating the microscopic dissociation rate of a bound state, such as a\nclassical diatomic molecule, has been difficult so far. The problem was that\nstandard theories require an energy barrier over which the bound particle (or\nstate) escapes into the preferred low-energy state. This is not the case when\nthe long-range repulsion responsible for the barrier is either absent or\nscreened (as in Cooper pairs, ionized plasma, or biomolecular complexes). We\nsolve this classical problem by accounting for entropic memory at the\nmicroscopic level. The theory predicts dissociation rates for arbitrary\npotentials and is successfully tested on the example of plasma, where it yields\nan estimate of ionization in the core of Sun in excellent agreement with\nexperiments. In biology, the new theory accounts for crowding in\nreceptor-ligand kinetics and protein aggregation.",
        "positive": "Oscillatory behaviour in a lattice prey-predator system: Using Monte Carlo simulations we study a lattice model of a prey-predator\nsystem. We show that in the three-dimensional model populations of preys and\npredators exhibit coherent periodic oscillations but such a behaviour is absent\nin lower-dimensional models. Finite-size analysis indicate that amplitude of\nthese oscillations is finite even in the thermodynamic limit. In our opinion,\nthis is the first example of a microscopic model with stochastic dynamics which\nexhibits oscillatory behaviour without any external driving force. We suggest\nthat oscillations in our model are induced by some kind of stochastic\nresonance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Diagram of an Integrable Alternating $U_q[sl(2|1)]$ Superspin\n  Chain: We construct a family of integrable vertex model based on the typical\nfour-dimensional representations of the quantum group deformation of the Lie\nsuperalgebra $sl(2|1)$. Upon alternation of such a representation with its dual\nthis model gives rise to a mixed superspin Hamiltonian with local interactions\ndepending on the representation parameter $\\pm b$ and the deformation parameter\n${\\gamma}$. As a subsector this model contains integrable vertex models with\nordinary symmetries for twisted boundary conditions. The thermodynamic limit\nand low energy properties of the mixed superspin chain are studied using a\ncombination of analytical and numerical methods. Based on these results we\nidentify the phases realized in this system as a function of the parameters $b$\nand $\\gamma$. The different phases are characterized by the operator content of\nthe corresponding critical theory. Only part of the spectrum of this effective\ntheory can be understood in terms of the U(1) symmetries related to the\nphysical degrees of freedom corresponding to spin and charge. The other modes\nlead to logarithmic finite-size corrections in the spectrum of the theory.",
        "positive": "The linear Ising model and its analytic continuation, random walk: A generalization of Gauss's principle is used to derive the error laws\ncorresponding to Types II and VII distributions in Pearson's classification\nscheme. Student's $r$-pdf (Type II) governs the distribution of the internal\nenergy of a uniform, linear chain, Ising model, while analytic continuation of\nthe uniform exchange energy converts it into a Student $t$-density (Type VII)\nfor the position of a random walk in a single spatial dimension. Higher\ndimensional spaces, corresponding to larger degrees of freedom and\ngeneralizations to multidimensional Student $r$- and $t$-densities, are\nobtained by considering independent and identically distributed random\nvariables, having rotationally invariant densities, whose entropies are\nadditive and generating functions are multiplicative."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Integral Fluctuation Relations for Entropy Production at Stopping Times: A stopping time $T$ is the first time when a trajectory of a stochastic\nprocess satisfies a specific criterion. In this paper, we use martingale theory\nto derive the integral fluctuation relation $\\langle e^{-S_{\\rm\ntot}(T)}\\rangle=1$ for the stochastic entropy production $S_{\\rm tot}$ in a\nstationary physical system at stochastic stopping times $T$. This fluctuation\nrelation implies the law $\\langle S_{\\rm tot}(T)\\rangle\\geq 0$, which states\nthat it is not possible to reduce entropy on average, even by stopping a\nstochastic process at a stopping time, and which we call the second law of\nthermodynamics at stopping times. This law implies bounds on the average amount\nof heat and work a system can extract from its environment when stopped at a\nrandom time. Furthermore, the integral fluctuation relation implies that\ncertain fluctuations of entropy production are universal or are bounded by\nuniversal functions. These universal properties descend from the integral\nfluctuation relation by selecting appropriate stopping times: for example, when\n$T$ is a first-passage time for entropy production, then we obtain a bound on\nthe statistics of negative records of entropy production. We illustrate these\nresults on simple models of nonequilibrium systems described by Langevin\nequations and reveal two interesting phenomena. First, we demonstrate that\nisothermal mesoscopic systems can extract on average heat from their\nenvironment when stopped at a cleverly chosen moment and the second law at\nstopping times provides a bound on the average extracted heat. Second, we\ndemonstrate that the average efficiency at stopping times of an autonomous\nstochastic heat engines, such as Feymann's ratchet, can be larger than the\nCarnot efficiency and the second law of thermodynamics at stopping times\nprovides a bound on the average efficiency at stopping times.",
        "positive": "Multicomponent fluid of hard spheres near a wall: The rational function approximation method, density functional theory, and\nNVT Monte Carlo simulation are used to obtain the density profiles of\nmulticomponent hard-sphere mixtures near a planar hard wall. Binary mixtures\nwith a size ratio 1:3 in which both components occupy a similar volume are\nspecifically examined. The results indicate that the present version of density\nfunctional theory yields an excellent overall performance. A reasonably\naccurate behavior of the rational function approximation method is also\nobserved, except in the vicinity of the first minimum, where it may even\npredict unphysical negative values."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Does the Boltzmann principle need a dynamical correction?: In an attempt to derive thermodynamics from classical mechanics, an\napproximate expression for the equilibrium temperature of a finite system has\nbeen derived [M. Bianucci, R. Mannella, B. J. West, and P. Grigolini, Phys.\nRev. E 51, 3002 (1995)] which differs from the one that follows from the\nBoltzmann principle S = k log (Omega(E)) via the thermodynamic relation 1/T=\ndS/dE by additional terms of \"dynamical\" character, which are argued to correct\nand generalize the Boltzmann principle for small systems (here Omega(E) is the\narea of the constant-energy surface). In the present work, the underlying\ndefinition of temperature in the Fokker-Planck formalism of Bianucci et al. is\ninvestigated and shown to coincide with an approximate form of the\nequipartition temperature. Its exact form, however, is strictly related to the\n\"volume\" entropy S = k log (Phi(E)) via the thermodynamic relation above for\nsystems of any number of degrees of freedom (Phi(E) is the phase space volume\nenclosed by the constant-energy surface). This observation explains and\nclarifies the numerical results of Bianucci et al. and shows that a dynamical\ncorrection for either the temperature or the entropy is unnecessary, at least\nwithin the class of systems considered by those authors. Explicit analytical\nand numerical results for a particle coupled to a small chain (N~10) of quartic\noscillators are also provided to further illustrate these facts.",
        "positive": "Exact Energy Computation of the One Component Plasma on a Sphere for\n  Even Values of the Coupling Parameter: The two dimensional one component plasma 2dOCP is a classical system\nconsisting of $N$ identical particles with the same charge $q$ confined in a\ntwo dimensional surface with a neutralizing background. The Boltzmann factor at\ntemperature $T$ may be expressed as a Vandermonde determinant to the power\n$\\Gamma=q^2/(k_B T)$. Several statistical properties of the 2dOCP have been\nstudied by expanding the Boltzmann factor in the monomial basis for even values\nof $\\Gamma$. In this work, we use this formalism to compute the energy of the\n2dOCP on a sphere. Using the same approach the entropy is computed. The entropy\nas well as the free energy in the thermodynamic limit have a universal\nfinite-size correction term $\\frac{\\chi}{12}\\log N$, where $\\chi=2$ is the\nEuler characteristic of the sphere. A non-recursive formula for coefficients of\nmonomial functions expansion is used for exploring the energy as well as\nstructural properties for sufficiently large values of $\\Gamma$ to appreciate\nthe crystallization features for $N=2,3,\\ldots,9$ particles. Finally, we make a\nbrief comparison between the exact and numerical energies obtained with the\nMetropolis method for even values of $\\Gamma$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superparamagnetic Relaxation Driven by Colored Noise: A theoretical investigation of magnetic relaxation processes in single domain\nparticles driven by colored noise is presented. Two approaches are considered;\nthe Landau-Lifshitz-Miyazaki-Seki equation, which is a Langevin dynamics model\nbased on the introduction of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck correlated noise into the\nLandau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation and a Generalized Master Equation approach\nwhereby the ordinary Master Equation is modified through the introduction of an\nexplicit memory kernel. It is found that colored noise is likely to become\nimportant for high anisotropy materials where the characteristic system time,\nin this case the inverse Larmor precession frequency, becomes comparable to the\ncorrelation time. When the escape time is much longer than the correlation\ntime, the relaxation profile of the spin has a similar exponential form to the\nordinary LLG equation, while for low barrier heights and intermediate damping,\nfor which the correlation time is a sizable fraction of the escape time, an\nunusual bi-exponential decay is predicted as a characteristic of colored noise.\nAt very high damping and correlation times, the time profile of the spins\nexhibits a more complicated, noisy trajectory.",
        "positive": "Quantum-Classical Limit of Quantum Correlation Functions: A quantum-classical limit of the canonical equilibrium time correlation\nfunction for a quantum system is derived. The quantum-classical limit for the\ndynamics is obtained for quantum systems comprising a subsystem of light\nparticles in a bath of heavy quantum particles. In this limit the time\nevolution of operators is determined by a quantum-classical Liouville operator\nbut the full equilibrium canonical statistical description of the initial\ncondition is retained. The quantum-classical correlation function expressions\nderived here provide a way to simulate the transport properties of quantum\nsystems using quantum-classical surface-hopping dynamics combined with sampling\nschemes for the quantum equilibrium structure of both the subsystem of interest\nand its environment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Linked cluster expansion on trees: The linked cluster expansion has been shown to be highly efficient in\ncalculating equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of a variety of 1D and 2D\nclassical and quantum lattice models. In this article, we extend the linked\ncluster method to the Cayley tree and its boundaryless cousin the Bethe\nlattice. We aim to (a) develop the linked cluster expansion for these lattices,\na novel application, and (b) to further understand the surprising convergence\nefficiency of the linked cluster method, as well as its limitations. We obtain\nseveral key results. First, we show that for nearest-neighbor Hamiltonians of a\nspecific form, all finite treelike clusters can be mapped to one dimensional\nfinite chains. We then show that the qualitative distinction between the Cayley\ntree and Bethe lattice appears due to differing lattice constants that is a\nresult of the Bethe lattice being boundaryless. We use these results to obtain\nthe explicit closed-form formula for the zero-field susceptibility for the\nentire disordered phase up to the critical point for Bethe lattices of\narbitrary degree; remarkably, only 1D chainlike clusters contribute. We also\nobtain the exact zero field partition function for the Ising model on both\ntrees with only the two smallest clusters, similar to the 1D chain. Finally,\nthese results achieve a direct comparison between an infinite lattice with a\nnonnegligible boundary and one without any boundary, allowing us to show that\nthe linked cluster expansion eliminates boundary terms at each order of the\nexpansion, answering the question about its surprising convergence efficiency.\nWe conclude with some ramifications of these results, and possible\ngeneralizations and applications.",
        "positive": "Diffusion Processes on Small-World Networks with Distance-Dependent\n  Random-Links: We considered diffusion-driven processes on small-world networks with\ndistance-dependent random links. The study of diffusion on such networks is\nmotivated by transport on randomly folded polymer chains, synchronization\nproblems in task-completion networks, and gradient driven transport on\nnetworks. Changing the parameters of the distance-dependence, we found a rich\nphase diagram, with different transient and recurrent phases in the context of\nrandom walks on networks. We performed the calculations in two limiting cases:\nin the annealed case, where the rearrangement of the random links is fast, and\nin the quenched case, where the link rearrangement is slow compared to the\nmotion of the random walker or the surface. It has been well-established that\nin a large class of interacting systems, adding an arbitrarily small density\nof, possibly long-range, quenched random links to a regular lattice interaction\ntopology, will give rise to mean-field (or annealed) like behavior. In some\ncases, however, mean-field scaling breaks down, such as in diffusion or in the\nEdwards-Wilkinson process in \"low-dimensional\" small-world networks. This\nbreak-down can be understood by treating the random links perturbatively, where\nthe mean-field (or annealed) prediction appears as the lowest-order term of a\nnaive perturbation expansion. The asymptotic analytic results are also\nconfirmed numerically by employing exact numerical diagonalization of the\nnetwork Laplacian. Further, we construct a finite-size scaling framework for\nthe relevant observables, capturing the cross-over behaviors in finite\nnetworks. This work provides a detailed account of the\nself-consistent-perturbative and renormalization approaches briefly introduced\nin two earlier short reports."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large-N behavior of three-dimensional lattice CP(N-1) models: We investigate the phase diagram and critical behavior of a three-dimensional\nlattice CP(N-1) model in the large-N limit. Numerical evidence of first-order\ntransitions is always observed for sufficiently large values of N, i.e. N>2 up\nto N=100. The transition becomes stronger---both the latent heat and the\nsurface tension increase---as N increases. Moreover, on the high-temperature\nside, gauge fields decorrelate on distances of the order of one lattice spacing\nfor all values of N considered. Our results are consistent with a simple\nscenario, in which the transition is of first order for any N, including\nN=\\infty. We critically discuss the analytic large-N calculations that\npredicted a large-N continuous transition, showing that one crucial assumption\nmade in these computations fails for the model we consider.",
        "positive": "Fractional phase jumps in stochastic systems with tilted periodic\n  double-well potentials: We present a theoretical investigation of the stochastic dynamics of a damped\nparticle in a tilted periodic potential with a double well per period. By\napplying the matrix continued fraction technique to the Fokker-Planck equation\nin conjunction with the full counting statistics and master equation\napproaches, we determine the rates of specific processes contributing to the\nsystem's overall dynamics. At low temperatures, the system can exhibit one\nrunning state and two distinct locked metastable states. We focus primarily on\ntwo aspects: the dynamics of phase jumps, which are rare thermally induced\nparticle jumps over potential maxima, and their impact on the overall velocity\nnoise; and the retrapping process, involving the transition from the running to\nthe locked metastable states. We demonstrate the existence of fractional (in\nunits of $2\\pi$) phase slips that differ qualitatively from conventional $2\\pi$\njumps observed in single-well systems. Fractional phase slips significantly\ninfluence the system dynamics even in regimes dominated by dichotomous-like\nswitching between running and locked states. Furthermore, we introduce a simple\nmaster equation approach that proves effective in analyzing various stages of\nthe retrapping process. Interestingly, our analysis shows that even for a\nsystem featuring a well-developed double-well periodic potential, there exists\na broad parameter range where the stochastic dynamics can be accurately\ndescribed by an effective single-well periodic model. The techniques introduced\nhere allow for valuable insights into the complex behavior of the system,\noffering avenues for understanding and controlling its steady-state and\ntransient dynamics, which go beyond or can be complementary to direct\nstochastic simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic lattice models for the dynamics of linear polymers: Linear polymers are represented as chains of hopping reptons and their motion\nis described as a stochastic process on a lattice. This admittedly crude\napproximation still catches essential physics of polymer motion, i.e. the\nuniversal properties as function of polymer length. More than the static\nproperties, the dynamics depends on the rules of motion. Small changes in the\nhopping probabilities can result in different universal behavior. In particular\nthe cross-over between Rouse dynamics and reptation is controlled by the types\nand strength of the hoppings that are allowed. The properties are analyzed\nusing a calculational scheme based on an analogy with one-dimensional spin\nsystems. It leads to accurate data for intermediately long polymers. These are\nextrapolated to arbitrarily long polymers, by means of finite-size-scaling\nanalysis. Exponents and cross-over functions for the renewal time and the\ndiffusion coefficient are discussed for various types of motion.",
        "positive": "Phase Transition of 3D Heisenberg Magnet in Presence of Random-Bond\n  Disorder: Here we have simulated the random-bond type quenched disorder in 3D\nHeisenberg magnet.Here we have used classical Monte-Carlo simulation with\nHeisenberg spin and use 3D simple cubic lattice for this simulation.Here we use\nMetropolis single spin flipping algorithm."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum states from mixtures of equilibrium distributions: We construct and explore a family of states for quantum systems in contact\nwith two or more heath reservoirs. The reservoirs are described by equilibrium\ndistributions. The interaction of each reservoir with the bulk of the system is\nencoded in a probability, which characterises the particle exchange among them\nand depends in general on the particle momentum. The convex combination of the\nreservoir distributions, weighted with the aforementioned probabilities,\ndefines a new distribution. We establish the existence of an\nemission-absorption regime in which the new distribution generates a\nnon-equilibrium quantum state. We develop a systematic field theory framework\nfor constructing this state and illustrate its physical properties on a simple\nmodel. In this context we derive the particle current full counting statistics,\nthe heat current and the Lorenz number. The entropy production and the relative\nquantum fluctuations are also determined.",
        "positive": "Multivariate Generalizations of the q--Central Limit Theorem: We study multivariate generalizations of the $q$-central limit theorem, a\ngeneralization of the classical central limit theorem consistent with\nnonextensive statistical mechanics. Two types of generalizations are addressed,\nmore precisely the {\\it direct} and {\\it sequential} $q$-central limit theorems\nare proved. Their relevance to the asymptotic scale invariance of some\nspecially correlated systems is studied. A $q$-analog of the classic weak\nconvergence is introduced and its equivalence to the $q$-convergence is proved\nfor $q>1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic neighbors: a proposal of a tool to characterize phase\n  transitions: For molecular dynamics simulations of hard particles, we define dynamic\nneighbors as the distinct particles that collide with a given reference one\nduring a specific time interval. This definition allows us to determine the\ndistribution of the number of dynamic neighbors, its average, and its standard\ndeviation. We will show that regardless of the time window used to identify\ndynamic neighbors, their distribution is correlated with diffusion\ncoefficients, structure, and configurational entropy. Thus, it is likely that\nthe distribution of the number of dynamic neighbors may be employed as another\ntool to gain insights into the dynamic behavior of hard systems. We tested this\napproach on 2D and 3D systems consisting of monodisperse and binary mixtures of\nhard disks and spheres. Results show that implementing dynamic neighbors to\ndefine order parameters can sharpen the signals where transitions take place.",
        "positive": "Relaxation of a test particle in systems with long-range interactions:\n  diffusion coefficient and dynamical friction: We study the relaxation of a test particle immersed in a bath of field\nparticles interacting via weak long-range forces. To order 1/N in the $N\\to\n+\\infty$ limit, the velocity distribution of the test particle satisfies a\nFokker-Planck equation whose form is related to the Landau and Lenard-Balescu\nequations in plasma physics. We provide explict expressions for the diffusion\ncoefficient and friction force in the case where the velocity distribution of\nthe field particles is isotropic. We consider (i) various dimensions of space\n$d=3,2$ and 1 (ii) a discret spectrum of masses among the particles (iii)\ndifferent distributions of the bath including the Maxwell distribution of\nstatistical equilibrium (thermal bath) and the step function (water bag).\nSpecific applications are given for self-gravitating systems in three\ndimensions, Coulombian systems in two dimensions and for the HMF model in one\ndimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stacked triangular lattice: Percolation properties: The stacked triangular lattice has the shape of a triangular prism. In spite\nof being considered frequently in solid state physics and materials science,\nits percolation properties have received few attention. We investigate several\nnon-universal percolation properties on this lattice using Monte Carlo\nsimulation. We show that the percolation threshold is\n$p_c^\\text{bond}=0.186\\;02\\pm0.000\\;02$ for bonds and\n$p_c^\\text{site}=0.262\\;40\\pm0.000\\;05$ for sites. The number of clusters at\nthe threshold per site is $n_c^\\text{bond}=0.284\\;58\\pm0.000\\;05$ and\n$n_c^\\text{site}=0.039\\;98\\pm0.000\\;05$. The stacked triangular lattice is a\nconvenient choice to study the RGB model [Sci. Rep. {\\bf 2}, 751 (2012)]. We\npresent results on this model and its scaling behavior at the percolation\nthreshold.",
        "positive": "Density Analysis of Network Community Divisions: We present a compact matrix formulation of the modularity, a commonly used\nquality measure for the community division in a network. Using this formulation\nwe calculate the density of modularities, a statistical measure of the\nprobability of finding a particular modularity for a random but valid community\ndivision into $C$ communities. We present our results for some well--known and\nsome artificial networks, and we conclude that the general features of the\nmodularity density are quite similar for the different networks. From a simple\nmodel of the modularity we conclude that all nnected networks must show similar\nshapes of their modularity densities. The general features of this density may\ngive valuable information in the search for good optimization schemes of the\nmodularity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Alternating commensurate-incommensurate structures in the magnetic phase\n  diagram of CsNiF3: The magnetic phase diagram of the quasi one-dimensional spinchain system\nCsNiF$_3$ below the N\\'eel temperature is determined. For magnetic fields\nperpendicular to the spin chains incommensurate phases are predicted. From\nlinear spin-wave theory we obtain the instability line of the paramagnetic\nphase as a function of the strength and the direction of the field. The system\nundergoes a transition to a commensurate or an incommensurate phase depending\non the direction of the magnetic field. In the commensurate phase the\ncharacterizing wave vector is locked to values describing a two-sublattice\nstructure, whereas in the incommensurate phase the wave vector changes\ncontinuously between the corresponding two-sublattice wave vectors.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Bose systems and nonground-state Bose-Einstein\n  condensates: The theory of resonant generation of nonground-state Bose-Einstein\ncondensates is extended to Bose-condensed systems at finite temperature. The\ngeneralization is based on the notion of representative statistical ensembles\nfor Bose systems with broken global gauge symmetry. Self-consistent equations\nare derived describing an arbitrary nonequilibrium nonuniform Bose system. The\nnotion of finite-temperature topological coherent modes, coexisting with a\ncloud of noncondensed atoms, is introduced. It is shown that resonant\ngeneration of these modes is feasible for a gas of trapped Bose atoms at finite\ntemperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Many-body level statistics of single-particle quantum chaos: We consider a non-interacting many-fermion system populating levels of a\nunitary random matrix ensemble (equivalent to the q=2 complex Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev\nmodel) - a generic model of single-particle quantum chaos. We study the\ncorresponding many-particle level statistics by calculating the spectral form\nfactor analytically using algebraic methods of random matrix theory, and match\nit with an exact numerical simulation. Despite the integrability of the theory,\nthe many-body spectral rigidity is found to have a surprisingly rich landscape.\nIn particular, we find a residual repulsion of distant many-body levels\nstemming from single-particle chaos, together with islands of level attraction.\nThese results are encoded in an exponential ramp in the spectral form-factor,\nwhich we show to be a universal feature of non-ergodic many-fermion systems\nembedded in a chaotic medium.",
        "positive": "Ergodic observables in non-ergodic systems: the example of the harmonic\n  chain: In the framework of statistical mechanics the properties of macroscopic\nsystems are deduced starting from the laws of their microscopic dynamics. One\nof the key assumptions in this procedure is the ergodic property, namely the\nequivalence between time averages and ensemble averages. This property can be\nproved only for a limited number of systems; however, as proved by Khinchin\n[1], weak forms of it hold even in systems that are not ergodic at the\nmicroscopic scale, provided that extensive observables are considered. Here we\nshow in a pedagogical way the validity of the ergodic hypothesis, at a\npractical level, in the paradigmatic case of a chain of harmonic oscillators.\nBy using analytical results and numerical computations, we provide evidence\nthat this non-chaotic integrable system shows ergodic behavior in the limit of\nmany degrees of freedom. In particular, the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution\nturns out to fairly describe the statistics of the single particle velocity. A\nstudy of the typical time-scales for relaxation is also provided."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large fluctuations in diffusion-controlled absorption: Suppose that $N_0$ independently diffusing particles, each with diffusivity\n$D$, are initially released at $x=\\ell>0$ on the semi-infinite interval $0\\leq\nx<\\infty$ with an absorber at $x=0$. We determine the probability ${\\cal P}(N)$\nthat $N$ particles survive until time $t=T$. We also employ macroscopic\nfluctuation theory to find the most likely history of the system, conditional\non there being exactly $N$ survivors at time $t=T$. Depending on the basic\nparameter $\\ell/\\sqrt{4DT}$, very different histories can contribute to the\nextreme cases of $N=N_0$ (all particles survive) and $N=0$ (no survivors). For\nlarge values of $\\ell/\\sqrt{4DT}$, the leading contribution to ${\\cal P}(N=0)$\ncomes from an effective point-like quasiparticle that contains all the $N_0$\nparticles and moves ballistically toward the absorber until absorption occurs.",
        "positive": "Instability in the quantum restart problem: We study optimal restart times for the quantum first hitting time problem.\nUsing a monitored one-dimensional lattice quantum walk with restarts, we find\nan instability absent in the corresponding classical problem. This instability\nimplies that a small change in parameters can lead to a rather large change of\nthe optimal restart time. We show that the optimal restart time versus a\ncontrol parameter, exhibits sets of staircases and plunges. The plunges, are\ndue to the mentioned instability, which in turn is related to the quantum\noscillation of the first hitting time probability, in the absence of restarts.\nFurthermore, we prove that there are only two patterns of the staircase\nstructures, dependent on the parity of the distance between the target and\nsource in units of lattice constant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extrapolation from hypergeometric functions, continued functions and\n  Borel-Leroy transformation; Resummation of perturbative renormalization\n  functions from field theories: Physically relevant field-theoretic quantities are usually derived from\nperturbation techniques. These quantities are solved in the form of an\nasymptotic series in powers of small perturbation parameters related to the\nphysical system, and calculating higher powers typically results in a higher\namount of computational complexity. Such divergent expansions were handled\nusing hyper-geometric functions, continued functions, and Borel-Leroy\ntransforms. Hypergeometric functions are expanded as series, and a rough\nestimate of next-order information is predicted using information from known\norders. Continued functions are used for the resummation of these series. The\neffective nature of extrapolation using such functions is illustrated by taking\ndifferent examples in field theories. In the vicinity of second-order phase\ntransitions, critical exponents are the most interesting numerical quantities\ncorresponding to a wide range of physical systems. Using the techniques\nmentioned in this work, precise estimates are obtained for these critical\nexponents in {\\phi}^4 and {\\phi}^3 field models.",
        "positive": "Dynamical universality of the contact process: The dynamical relaxation and scaling properties of three different variants\nof the contact process in two spatial dimensions are analysed. Dynamical\ncontact processes capture a variety of contagious processes such as the\nspreading of diseases or opinions. The universality of both local and global\ntwo-time correlators of the particle-density and the associated linear\nresponses are tested through several scaling relations of the non-equilibrium\nexponents and the shape of the associated scaling functions. In addition, the\ndynamical scaling of two-time global correlators can be used as a tool to\nimprove on the determination of the location of critical points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The anti-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou problem in one-dimensional diatomic\n  lattices: We study the thermalization dynamics of one-dimensional diatomic lattices\n(which represents the simplest system possessing multi-branch phonons),\nexemplified by the famous Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT)-$\\beta$ and the Toda\nmodels. Here we focus on how the system relaxes to the equilibrium state when\npart of highest-frequency optical modes are initially excited, which is called\nthe anti-FPUT problem comparing with the original FPUT problem (low frequency\nexcitations of the monatomic lattice). It is shown numerically that the final\nthermalization time $T_{\\rm eq}$ of the diatomic FPUT-$\\beta$ chain depends on\nwhether its acoustic modes are thermalized, whereas the $T_{\\rm eq}$ of the\ndiatomic Toda chain depends on the optical ones; in addition, the metastable\nstate of both models have different energy distributions and lifetimes. Despite\nthese differences, in the near-integrable region, the $T_{\\rm eq}$ of both\nmodels still follows the same scaling law, i.e., $T_{\\rm eq}$ is inversely\nproportional to the square of the perturbation strength. Finally, comparisons\nof the thermalization behavior between different models under various initial\nconditions are briefly summarized.",
        "positive": "Generalized Hydrodynamic approach to charge and energy currents in the\n  one-dimensional Hubbard model: We have studied nonequilibrium dynamics of the one-dimensional Hubbard model\nusing the generalized hydrodynamic theory. We mainly investigated the\nspatio-temporal profile of charge density, energy density and their currents\nusing the partitioning protocol; the initial state consists of two\nsemi-infinite different thermal equilibrium states joined at the origin. In\nthis protocol, there appears around the origin a transient region where\ncurrents flow. We examined how density and current profiles depend on initial\nconditions and have found a clogged region where charge current is zero but\nnonvanishing energy current flows. This region appears when one of the initial\nstates has half-filled electron density. We have proved analytically the\nexistence of the clogged region in the infinite temperature case of the\nhalf-filled initial state. The existence is confirmed also for finite\ntemperatures by numerical calculations. A similar analytical proof is also\ngiven for a clogged region of spin current when magnetic field is applied to\none and only one of the two initial states. A universal proportionality of\ncharge and spin currents is also proved for a special region, for general\ninitial conditions of electron density and magnetic field. Except for the\nclogged region, charge and energy densities are in good proportion to each\nother, and their ratio depends on the initial conditions. This proportionality\nin nonequilibrium dynamics is reminiscent of Wiedemann-Franz law in thermal\nequilibrium. The long-time stationary values of charge and energy currents were\nalso studied with varying initial conditions. We have compared the results with\nthe values of non-interacting systems and discussed the effects of electron\ncorrelations. We have found that the temperature dependence of the ratio of\nthese stationary currents is strongly suppressed by electron correlations and\neven reversed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mpemba effect in inertial suspensions: The Mpemba effect (a counterintuitive thermal relaxation process where an\ninitially hotter system may cool down to the steady state sooner than an\ninitially colder system) is studied in terms of a model of inertial suspensions\nunder shear. The relaxation to a common steady state of a suspension initially\nprepared in a quasi-equilibrium state is compared with that of a suspension\ninitially prepared in a nonequilibrium sheared state. Two classes of Mpemba\neffect are identified, the normal and the anomalous one. The former is generic,\nin the sense that the kinetic temperature starting from a cold nonequilibrium\nsheared state is overtaken by the one starting from a hot quasi-equilibrium\nstate, due to the absence of initial viscous heating in the latter, resulting\nin a faster initial cooling. The anomalous Mpemba effect is opposite to the\nnormal one since, despite the initial slower cooling of the nonequilibrium\nsheared state, it can eventually overtake an initially colder quasi-equilibrium\nstate. The theoretical results based on kinetic theory agree with those\nobtained from event-driven simulations for inelastic hard spheres. It is also\nconfirmed the existence of the inverse Mpemba effect, which is a peculiar\nheating process, in these suspensions. More particularly, we find the existence\nof a mixed process in which both heating and cooling can be observed during\nrelaxation.",
        "positive": "Crossover component in non critical dissipative sandpile models: The effect of bulk dissipation on non critical sandpile models is studied\nusing both multifractal and finite size scaling analyses. We show numerically\nthat the local limited (LL) model exhibits a crossover from multifractal to\nself-similar behavior as the control parameters $h_{ext}$ and $\\epsilon$ turn\ntowards their critical values, i.e. $h_{ext} \\to 0^+ $ and $\\epsilon \\to\n\\epsilon_c$. The critical exponents are not universal and exhibit a continuous\nvariation with $\\epsilon$. On the other hand, the finite size effects for the\nlocal unlimited (LU), non local limited (NLL), and non local unlimited (NLU)\nmodels are well described by the multifractal analysis for all values of\ndissipation rate $\\epsilon$. The space-time avalanche structure is studied in\norder to give a deeper understanding of the finite size effects and the origin\nof the crossover behavior. This result is confirmed by the calculation of the\nsusceptibility."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Uniform Asymptotics in the Problem of Superfluidity of Classical Liquids\n  in Nanotubes: In the preceding papers (see [1, 2]), the superfluidity of the classical\nliquid was proved under the assumption that the parameters $N$ and $r$, where\n$N$ is the particle number and $r$ it the capillary radius, tend respectively\nto infinity and to zero so that $\\frac 1N \\ll \\frac rR$, where $R$ is the\ncapillary length. In the present paper, this assumption is removed.",
        "positive": "The Effect of Lattice Vibrations on Substitutional Alloy Thermodynamics: A longstanding limitation of first-principles calculations of substitutional\nalloy phase diagrams is the difficulty to account for lattice vibrations. A\nsurvey of the theoretical and experimental literature seeking to quantify the\nimpact of lattice vibrations on phase stability indicates that this effect can\nbe substantial. Typical vibrational entropy differences between phases are of\nthe order of 0.1 to 0.2 k_B/atom, which is comparable to the typical values of\nconfigurational entropy differences in binary alloys (at most 0.693 k_B/atom).\nThis paper describes the basic formalism underlying ab initio phase diagram\ncalculations, along with the generalization required to account for lattice\nvibrations. We overview the various techniques allowing the theoretical\ncalculation and the experimental determination of phonon dispersion curves and\nrelated thermodynamic quantities, such as vibrational entropy or free energy. A\nclear picture of the origin of vibrational entropy differences between phases\nin an alloy system is presented that goes beyond the traditional bond counting\nand volume change arguments. Vibrational entropy change can be attributed to\nthe changes in chemical bond stiffness associated with the changes in bond\nlength that take place during a phase transformation. This so-called ``bond\nstiffness vs. bond length'' interpretation both summarizes the key phenomenon\ndriving vibrational entropy changes and provides a practical tool to model\nthem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatiotemporal Memory in a Diffusion-Reaction System: We consider a reaction-diffusion process with retardation. The particles,\nimmersed in traps initially, remain inactive until another particle is\nannihilated spontaneously with a rate $\\lambda$ at a certain point $\\vec x$. In\nthat case the traps within a sphere of radius $R(t)= v t^{\\alpha}$ around $\\vec\nx$ will be activated and a particle is released with a rate $\\mu$. Due to the\ncompetition between both reactions the system evolves three different time\nregimes. While in the initial time interval the diffusive process dominates the\nbehavior of the system, there appears a transient regime, where the system\nshows a driveling wave solution which tends to a non-trivial stationary\nsolution for $v \\to 0$. In that regime one observes a very slow decay of the\nconcentration. In the final long time regime a crossover to an exponentially\ndecaying process is observed. In case of $\\lambda = \\mu$ the concentration is a\nconserved quantity whereas for $\\mu > \\lambda$ the total particle number tends\nto zero after a finite time. The mean square displacement offers an anomalous\ndiffusive behavior where the dynamic exponent is determined by the exponent\n$\\alpha $. In one dimension the model can be solved exactly. In higher\ndimension we find approximative analytical results in very good agreement with\nnumerical solutions. The situation could be applied for the development of a\nbacterial colony or a gene-pool.",
        "positive": "Finite size effects in the specific heat of glass-formers: We report clear finite size effects in the specific heat and in the\nrelaxation times of a model glass former at temperatures considerably smaller\nthan the Mode Coupling transition. A crucial ingredient to reach this result is\na new Monte Carlo algorithm which allows us to reduce the relaxation time by\ntwo order of magnitudes. These effects signal the existence of a large\ncorrelation length in static quantities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Emergence of the Microcanonical Description from a Pure State: We study, in general terms, the process by which a pure state can\n``self-thermalize'' and {\\em appear} to be described by a microcanonical\ndensity matrix. This requires a quantum mechanical version of the Gibbsian\ncoarse graining that conceptually underlies classical statistical mechanics. We\nintroduce some extra degrees of freedom that are necessary for this.\nInteraction between these degrees and the system can be understood as a process\nof resonant absorption and emission of ``soft quanta''. This intuitive picture\nallows one to state a criterion for when self thermalization occurs. This\nparadigm also provides a method for calculating the thermalization rate using\nthe usual formalism of atomic physics for calculating decay rates. We contrast\nour prescription for coarse graining, which is somewhat dynamical, with the\nearlier approaches that are intrinsically kinematical. An important motivation\nfor this study is the black hole information paradox.",
        "positive": "Statistics of the occupation time for a random walk in the presence of a\n  moving boundary: We investigate the distribution of the time spent by a random walker to the\nright of a boundary moving with constant velocity v. For the continuous-time\nproblem (Brownian motion), we provide a simple alternative proof of Newman's\nrecent result [J.Phys.A 34, L89 (2001)] using a method due to Kac. We then\ndiscuss the same problem for the case of a random walk in discrete time with an\narbitrary distribution of steps, taking advantage of the general set of results\ndue to Sparre Andersen. For the binomial random walk we analyse the corrections\nto the continuum limit on the example of the mean occupation time. The case of\nCauchy-distributed steps is also studied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarse-grained Description of Polymer Blends as Interacting\n  Soft-Colloidal Particles: We present a theoretical approach which maps polymer blends onto mixtures of\nsoft-colloidal particles. The analytical mesoscale pair distribution functions\nreproduce well data from united atom molecular dynamics simulations of\npolyolefin mixtures without fitting parameters. The theory exactly recovers the\nanalytical expressions for density and concentration fluctuation structure\nfactors of soft colloidal mixtures (liquid alloys).",
        "positive": "First passage statistics for diffusing diffusivity: A rapidly increasing number of systems is identified in which the stochastic\nmotion of tracer particles follows the Brownian law $\\langle\\mathbf{r}^2(t)\n\\rangle\\simeq Dt$ yet the distribution of particle displacements is strongly\nnon-Gaussian. A central approach to describe this effect is the diffusing\ndiffusivity (DD) model in which the diffusion coefficient itself is a\nstochastic quantity, mimicking heterogeneities of the environment encountered\nby the tracer particle on its path. We here quantify in terms of analytical and\nnumerical approaches the first passage behaviour of the DD model. We observe\nsignificant modifications compared to Brownian-Gaussian diffusion, in\nparticular that the DD model may have a more efficient first passage dynamics.\nMoreover we find a universal crossover point of the survival probability\nindependent of the initial condition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Persistence in systems with conserved order parameter: We consider the low-temperature coarsening dynamics of a one-dimensional\nIsing ferromagnet with conserved Kawasaki-like dynamics in the domain\nrepresentation. Domains diffuse with size-dependent diffusion constant, $D(l)\n\\propto l^\\gamma$ with $\\gamma = -1$. We generalize this model to arbitrary\n$\\gamma$, and derive an expression for the domain density, $N(t) \\sim\nt^{-\\phi}$ with $\\phi=1/(2-\\gamma)$, using a scaling argument. We also\ninvestigate numerically the persistence exponent $\\theta$ characterizing the\npower-law decay of the number, $N_p(t)$, of persistent (unflipped) spins at\ntime $t$, and find $N_{p}(t)\\sim t^{-\\theta}$ where $\\theta$ depends on\n$\\gamma$. We show how the results for $\\phi$ and $\\theta$ are related to\nsimilar calculations in diffusion-limited cluster-cluster aggregation (DLCA)\nwhere clusters with size-dependent diffusion constant diffuse through an\nimmobile `empty' phase and aggregate irreversibly on impact. Simulations show\nthat, while $\\phi$ is the same in both models, $\\theta$ is different except for\n$\\gamma=0$. We also investigate models that interpolate between symmetric\ndomain diffusion and DLCA.",
        "positive": "Phase transition in non-Markovian animal exploration model with\n  preferential returns: We study a non-Markovian and nonstationary model of animal mobility\nincorporating both exploration and memory in the form of preferential returns.\nWe derive exact results for the probability of visiting a given number of sites\nand develop a practical WKB approximation to treat the nonstationary problem.\nWe further show that this model adequately describes empirical movement data of\nEgyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) when accounting for\ninter-individual variation in the population. Finally, we study the probability\nof visiting any site a given number of times and derive the corresponding\nmean-field equation. Here, we find a remarkable phase transition occurring at\npreferential returns which scale linearly with past visits. Following empirical\nevidence, we suggest that this phase transition reflects a trade-off between\nextensive and intensive foraging modes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exactly solvable reaction diffusion models on a Cayley tree: The most general reaction-diffusion model on a Cayley tree with\nnearest-neighbor interactions is introduced, which can be solved exactly\nthrough the empty-interval method. The stationary solutions of such models, as\nwell as their dynamics, are discussed. Concerning the dynamics, the spectrum of\nthe evolution Hamiltonian is found and shown to be discrete, hence there is a\nfinite relaxation time in the evolution of the system towards its stationary\nstate.",
        "positive": "Misusing the entropy maximization in the jungle of generalized entropies: It is well-known that the partition function can consistently be factorized\nfrom the canonical equilibrium distribution obtained through the maximization\nof the Shannon entropy. We show that such a normalized and factorized\nequilibrium distribution is warranted if and only if the entropy measure $I\n\\{(p_i)\\}$ has an additive slope i.e. $\\partial I \\{(p_i)\\} / \\partial p_i$\nwhen the ordinary linear averaging scheme is used. Therefore, we conclude that\nthe maximum entropy principle of Jaynes should not be used for the\njustification of the partition functions and the concomitant thermodynamic\nobservables for generalized entropies with non-additive slope. Finally, Tsallis\nand R\\'enyi entropies are shown not to yield such factorized canonical-like\ndistributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusive Growth of a Single Droplet with Three Different Boundary\n  Conditions: We study a single, motionless three-dimensional droplet growing by adsorption\nof diffusing monomers on a 2D substrate. The diffusing monomers are adsorbed at\nthe aggregate perimeter of the droplet with different boundary conditions.\nModels with both an adsorption boundary condition and a radiation boundary\ncondition, as well as a phenomenological model, are considered and solved in a\nquasistatic approximation. The latter two models allow particle detachment. In\nthe short time limit, the droplet radius grows as a power of the time with\nexponents of 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 for the models with adsorption, radiation and\nphenomenological boundary conditions, respectively. In the long time limit a\nuniversal growth rate as $[t/\\ln(t)]^{1/3}$ is observed for the radius of the\ndroplet for all models independent of the boundary conditions. This asymptotic\nbehaviour was obtained by Krapivsky \\cite{krapquasi} where a similarity\nvariable approach was used to treat the growth of a droplet with an adsorption\nboundary condition based on a quasistatic approximation. Another boundary\ncondition with a constant flux of monomers at the aggregate perimeter is also\nexamined. The results exhibit a power law growth rate with an exponent of 1/3\nfor all times.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo study of a generalized icosahedral model on the simple cubic\n  lattice: We study the critical behavior of a generalized icosahedral model on the\nsimple cubic lattice. The field variable of the icosahedral model might take\none of twelve vectors of unit length, which are given by the normalized\nvertices of the icosahedron, as value. Similar to the Blume-Capel model, where\nin addition to $-1$ and $1$, as in the Ising model, the spin might take the\nvalue $0$, we add in the generalized model $(0,0,0)$ as allowed value. There is\na parameter $D$ that controls the density of these voids. For a certain range\nof $D$, the model undergoes a second-order phase transition. On the critical\nline, $O(3)$ symmetry emerges. Furthermore, we demonstrate that within this\nrange, similar to the Blume-Capel model on the simple cubic lattice, there is a\nvalue of $D$, where leading corrections to scaling vanish. We perform Monte\nCarlo simulations for lattices of a linear size up to $L=400$ by using a hybrid\nof local Metropolis and cluster updates. The motivation to study this\nparticular model is mainly of technical nature. Less memory and CPU time are\nneeded than for a model with $O(3)$ symmetry at the microscopic level. As the\nresult of a finite-size scaling analysis we obtain $\\nu=0.71164(10)$,\n$\\eta=0.03784(5)$, and $\\omega=0.759(2)$ for the critical exponents of the\nthree-dimensional Heisenberg universality class. The estimate of the irrelevant\nrenormalization group eigenvalue that is related with the breaking the $O(3)$\nsymmetry is $y_{ico}=-2.19(2)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation transition in a model with attractive particles and\n  non-local hops: We study a one dimensional nonequilibrium lattice model with competing\nfeatures of particle attraction and non-local hops. The system is similar to a\nzero range process (ZRP) with attractive particles but the particles can make\nboth local and non-local hops. The length of the non-local hop is dependent on\nthe occupancy of the chosen site and its probability is given by the parameter\n$p$. Our numerical results show that the system undergoes a phase transition\nfrom a condensate phase to a homogeneous density phase as $p$ is increased\nbeyond a critical value $p_c$. A mean-field approximation does not predict a\nphase transition and describes only the condensate phase. We provide heuristic\narguments for understanding the numerical results.",
        "positive": "Algorithmic Complexity in Real Financial Markets: A new approach to the understanding of complex behavior of financial markets\nindex using tools from thermodynamics and statistical physics is developed.\nPhysical complexity, a magnitude rooted in Kolmogorov-Chaitin theory is applied\nto binary sequences built up from real time series of financial markets\nindexes. The study is based on NASDAQ and Mexican IPC data. Different behaviors\nof this magnitude are shown when applied to the intervals of series placed\nbefore crashes and to intervals when no financial turbulence is observed. The\nconnection between our results and The Efficient Market Hypothesis is\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heterogeneity-induced large deviations in activity and (in some cases)\n  entropy production: We solve a simple model that supports a dynamic phase transition and show\nconditions for the existence of the transition. Using methods of large\ndeviation theory we analytically compute the probability distribution for\nactivity and entropy production rates of the trajectories on a large ring with\na single heterogeneous link. The corresponding joint rate function demonstrates\ntwo dynamical phases - one localized and the other delocalized, but the\nmarginal rate functions do not always exhibit the underlying transition.\nSymmetries in dynamic order parameters influence the observation of a\ntransition, such that distributions for certain dynamic order parameters need\nnot reveal an underlying dynamical bistability. Solution of our model system\nfurthermore yields the form of the effective Markov transition matrices that\ngenerate dynamics in which the two dynamical phases are at coexistence. We\ndiscuss the implications of the transition for the response of bacterial cells\nto antibiotic treatment, arguing that even simple models of a cell cycle\nlacking an explicit bistability in configuration space will exhibit a\nbistability of dynamical phases.",
        "positive": "Generalized Distribution Functions and an Alternative Approach to\n  Generalized Planck Radiation Law: In this study, recently introduced generalized distribution functions are\nsummarized and by using one of these distribution functions, namely generalized\nPlanck distribution, an alternative approach to the generalized Planck law for\nthe blackbody radiation has been tackled."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized grand-canonical ensemble theory for interacting\n  Bose-Einstein systems: We use the maximum information principle to include particle-interaction into\nthe grand-canonical theory of BECs. The inclusion of the particle-interaction\nelucidates why thermodynamic calculations for BECs by the grand-canonical\nensemble for the non-interacting case are in coincidence with up to date\nexperimental results. However, in our generalized theory we can show that a BEC\nexperiences a real and abrupt phase-transition in contrast to the smooth\nphase-transition predicted by the non-interacting grand-canonical ensemble. In\naddition, we discuss possible effects due to a thermal environment and the\nexperimental probing from a general point of view.",
        "positive": "Analytical study of an exclusive genetic switch: The nonequilibrium stationary state of an exclusive genetic switch is\nconsidered. The model comprises two competing species and a single binding site\nwhich, when bound to by a protein of one species, causes the other species to\nbe repressed. The model may be thought of as a minimal model of the power\nstruggle between two competing parties. Exact solutions are given for the\nlimits of vanishing binding/unbinding rates and infinite binding/unbinding\nrates. A mean field theory is introduced which is exact in the limit of\nvanishing binding/unbinding rates. The mean field theory and numerical\nsimulations reveal that generically bistability occurs and the system is in a\nsymmetry broken state. An exact perturbative solution which in principle allows\nthe nonequilibrium stationary state to be computed is also developed and\ncomputed to first and second order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical Disordered Ground States: Super-Ideal Gases, and Stealth and\n  Equi-Luminous Materials: Using a collective coordinate numerical optimization procedure, we construct\nground-state configurations of interacting particle systems in various space\ndimensions so that the scattering of radiation exactly matches a prescribed\npattern for a set of wave vectors. We show that the constructed ground states\nare, counterintuitively, disordered (i.e., possess no long-range order) in the\ninfinite-volume limit. We focus on three classes of configurations with unique\nradiation scattering characteristics: (i)``stealth'' materials, which are\ntransparent to incident radiation at certain wavelengths; (ii)``super-ideal''\ngases, which scatter radiation identically to that of an ensemble of ideal gas\nconfigurations for a selected set of wave vectors; and (iii)``equi-luminous''\nmaterials, which scatter radiation equally intensely for a selected set of wave\nvectors. We find that ground-state configurations have an increased tendency to\ncontain clusters of particles as one increases the prescribed luminosity.\nLimitations and consequences of this procedure are detailed.",
        "positive": "An Information-Theoretic Formalism for Multiscale Structure in Complex\n  Systems: We develop a general formalism for representing and understanding structure\nin complex systems. In our view, structure is the totality of relationships\namong a system's components, and these relationships can be quantified using\ninformation theory. In the interest of flexibility we allow information to be\nquantified using any function, including Shannon entropy and Kolmogorov\ncomplexity, that satisfies certain fundamental axioms. Using these axioms, we\nformalize the notion of a dependency among components, and show how a system's\nstructure is revealed in the amount of information assigned to each dependency.\nWe explore quantitative indices that summarize system structure, providing a\nnew formal basis for the complexity profile and introducing a new index, the\n\"marginal utility of information\". Using simple examples, we show how these\nindices capture intuitive ideas about structure in a quantitative way. Our\nformalism also sheds light on a longstanding mystery: that the mutual\ninformation of three or more variables can be negative. We discuss applications\nto complex networks, gene regulation, the kinetic theory of fluids and\nmultiscale cybernetic thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information measures for a local quantum phase transition: Lattice\n  bosons in a one-dimensional harmonic trap: We study ground-state quantum entanglement in the one-dimensional\nBose-Hubbard model in the presence of a harmonic trap. We focus on two\ntransitions that occur upon increasing the characteristic particle density: the\nformation of a Mott-insulating domain with site occupation one at the center of\nthe trap (lower transition) and the emergence of a superfluid domain at the\ncenter of the Mott-insulating one (upper transition). These transitions\ngenerate discontinuities in derivatives of the total energy and have been\ncharacterized by local (nonextensive) order parameters, so we refer to them as\nlocal quantum phase transitions. We show that a second derivative of the total\nenergy is continuous with a kink at the lower transition, and that it is\ndiscontinuous at the upper transition. We also show that bipartite entanglement\nentropies are order parameters for those local quantum phase transitions. We\nuse the density-matrix renormalization group and show that the transition\npoints extracted from entanglement measures agree with the predictions of the\nlocal density approximation in the thermodynamic limit. We discuss how to\ndetermine the transition points from results in small systems, such as the ones\nrealized in recent optical lattice experiments that measured the second-order\nRenyi entanglement entropy.",
        "positive": "The first-passage area for drifted Brownian motion and the moments of\n  the Airy distribution: An exact expression for the distribution of the area swept out by a drifted\nBrownian motion till its first-passage time is derived. A study of the\nasymptotic behaviour confirms earlier conjectures and clarifies their range of\nvalidity. The analysis also leads to a simple closed-form solution for the\nmoments of the Airy distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise-intensity fluctuation in Langevin model and its higher-order\n  Fokker-Planck equation: In this paper, we investigate a Langevin model subjected to stochastic\nintensity noise (SIN), which incorporates temporal fluctuations in\nnoise-intensity. We derive a higher-order Fokker-Planck equation (HFPE) of the\nsystem, taking into account the effect of SIN by the adiabatic elimination\ntechnique. Stationary distributions of the HFPE are calculated by using the\nperturbation expansion. We investigate the effect of SIN in three cases: (a)\nparabolic and quartic bistable potentials with additive noise, (b) a quartic\npotential with multiplicative noise, and (c) a stochastic gene expression\nmodel. We find that the existence of noise intensity fluctuations induces an\nintriguing phenomenon of a bimodal-to-trimodal transition in probability\ndistributions. These results are validated with Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic analysis of the model for distribution of high-tax payers: The z-transform technique is used to investigate the model for distribution\nof high-tax payers, which is proposed by two of the authors (K. Y and S. M) and\nothers. Our analysis shows an asymptotic power-law of this model with the\nexponent -5/2 when a total ``mass'' has a certain critical value. Below the\ncritical value, the system exhibits an ordinary critical behavior, and scaling\nrelations hold. Above the threshold, numerical simulations show that a\npower-law distribution coexists with a huge ``monopolized'' member. It is\nargued that these behaviors are observed universally in conserved aggregation\nprocesses, by analizing an extended model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Molecular dynamics simulations of ballistic annihilation: Using event-driven molecular dynamics we study one- and two-dimensional\nballistic annihilation. We estimate exponents $\\xi$ and $\\gamma$ that describe\nthe long-time decay of the number of particles ($n(t)\\sim t^{-\\xi}$) and of\ntheir typical velocity ($v(t)\\sim t^{-\\gamma}$). To a good accuracy our results\nconfirm the scaling relation $\\xi + \\gamma =1$. In the two-dimensional case our\nresults are in a good agreement with those obtained from the Boltzmann kinetic\ntheory.",
        "positive": "Hierarchical dynamics for system-bath coherence correlation spectrum: We propose a quasi-particle description for the hierarchical equations of\nmotion formalism for quantum dissipative dynamics systems. Not only it provides\nan alternative mathematical means to the existing formalism, the new protocol\nclarifies also explicitly the physical meanings of the auxiliary density\noperators and their relations to full statistics on solvation bath variables.\nCombining with the standard linear response theory, we construct further the\nhierarchical dynamics formalism for correlated spectrum of system--bath\ncoherence. We evaluate the spectrum matrix for a demonstrative spin-boson\nsystem-bath model. While the individual diagonal element of the spectrum matrix\ndescribes the system or the solvation bath correlation, the off-diagonal\nelements characterize the correlation between system and bath solvation\ndynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Source of the observed thermodynamic arrow: The puzzle of the thermodynamic arrow of time reduces to the question of how\nthe universe could have had lower entropy in the past. I show that no special\nentropy lowering mechanism (or fluctuation) is necessary. As a consequence of\nexpansion, at a particular epoch in the history of the universe a state that\nwas near maximum entropy under the dominant short range forces becomes\nextremely unlikely, due to a switchover to newly dominant long range forces.\nThis happened at about the time of decoupling, prior to which I make no\nstatement about arrows. The role of cosmology in thermodynamics was first\nsuggested by T. Gold.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo study of the evaporation/condensation transition on\n  different Ising lattices: In 2002 Biskup et al. [Europhys. Lett. 60, 21 (2002)] sketched a rigorous\nproof for the behavior of the 2D Ising lattice gas, at a finite volume and a\nfixed excess \\delta M of particles (spins) above the ambient gas density\n(spontaneous magnetisation). By identifying a dimensionless parameter \\Delta\n(\\delta M) and a universal constant \\Delta_c, they showed in the limit of large\nsystem sizes that for \\Delta < \\Delta_c the excess is absorbed in the\nbackground (``evaporated'' system), while for \\Delta > \\Delta_c a droplet of\nthe dense phase occurs (``condensed'' system).\n  To check the applicability of the analytical results to much smaller,\npractically accessible system sizes, we performed several Monte Carlo\nsimulations for the 2D Ising model with nearest-neighbour couplings on a square\nlattice at fixed magnetisation M. Thereby, we measured the largest minority\ndroplet, corresponding to the condensed phase, at various system sizes (L=40,\n>..., 640). With analytic values for for the spontaneous magnetisation m_0, the\nsusceptibility \\chi and the Wulff interfacial free energy density \\tau_W for\nthe infinite system, we were able to determine \\lambda numerically in very good\nagreement with the theoretical prediction.\n  Furthermore, we did simulations for the spin-1/2 Ising model on a triangular\nlattice and with next-nearest-neighbour couplings on a square lattice. Again,\nfinding a very good agreement with the analytic formula, we demonstrate the\nuniversal aspects of the theory with respect to the underlying lattice. For the\ncase of the next-nearest-neighbour model, where \\tau_W is unknown analytically,\nwe present different methods to obtain it numerically by fitting to the\ndistribution of the magnetisation density P(m)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Uniqueness of the thermodynamic limit for driven disordered elastic\n  interfaces: We study the finite size fluctuations at the depinning transition for a\none-dimensional elastic interface of size $L$ displacing in a disordered medium\nof transverse size $M=k L^\\zeta$ with periodic boundary conditions, where\n$\\zeta$ is the depinning roughness exponent and $k$ is a finite aspect ratio\nparameter. We focus on the crossover from the infinitely narrow ($k\\to 0$) to\nthe infinitely wide ($k\\to \\infty$) medium. We find that at the thermodynamic\nlimit both the value of the critical force and the precise behavior of the\nvelocity-force characteristics are {\\it unique} and $k$-independent. We also\nshow that the finite size fluctuations of the critical force (bias and\nvariance) as well as the global width of the interface cross over from a\npower-law to a logarithm as a function of $k$. Our results are relevant for\nunderstanding anisotropic size-effects in force-driven and velocity-driven\ninterfaces.",
        "positive": "On factorized overlaps: Algebraic Bethe Ansatz, twists, and Separation\n  of Variables: We investigate the exact overlaps between eigenstates of integrable spin\nchains and a special class of states called \"integrable initial/final states\".\nThese states satisfy a special integrability constraint, and they are closely\nrelated to integrable boundary conditions. We derive new algebraic relations\nfor the integrable states, which lead to a set of recursion relations for the\nexact overlaps. We solve these recursion relations and thus we derive new\noverlap formulas, valid in the XXX Heisenberg chain and its integrable higher\nspin generalizations. Afterwards we generalize the integrability condition to\ntwisted boundary conditions, and derive the corresponding exact overlaps.\nFinally, we embed the integrable states into the \"Separation of Variables\"\nframework, and derive an alternative representation for the exact overlaps of\nthe XXX chain. Our derivations and proofs are rigorous, and they can form the\nbasis of future investigations involving more complicated models such as nested\nor long-range deformed systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of surface morphology on kinetic compensation effect: As part of a systematic study on the kinetic compensation effect, we use\nkinetic Monte Carlo simulations to observe the effects of substrate topology on\nthe transient variations in the Arrhenius parameters - effective activation\nenergy $E_{a}$, and preexponential factor $\\nu$ - during thermal desorption,\nwith a particular focus on differences between ordered and disordered surfaces\nat a fixed global coordination number. The rates of desorption depend on\nsurface configuration due to the inherent differences in the local environments\nof adsorbing sites in the two cases. While the compensation effect persists for\nthe disordered substrate, the change in topology introduces an element that\nproduces variations in $\\nu$ that are independent of variations in $E_{a}$,\nwhich implies that the parameters cannot be fully characterized as functions of\neach other. We expect our results to provide a deeper insight into the\nmicroscopic events that originate compensation effects in our system of study\nbut also in other fields where these effects have been reported.",
        "positive": "Relaxation Time Approximation for the Wigner-Boltzmann Transport\n  Equation: A quasi-distribution function in phase space (based on Wigner functions) is\nused to write down the quantum version of Boltzmann equation (Wigner-Boltzmann\ntransport equation). The relaxation time approximation is show to be a good\napproach when defects are homogeneously distributed and linear response to the\nexternal electric field is assumed. An expression for relaxation times based on\nthis formalism is deduced, which consider the dependence in the quantum numbers\nwhen confinement effects are important (nanowires and nanosheets)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady-state properties of coupled hot and cold Ising chains: Recently, the author and Zia (2010) reported on exact results for a\nfar-from-equilibrium system in which two coupled semi-infinite Ising chains at\ntemperatures $T_h$ and $T_c$, with $T_h>T_c$, establish a flux of energy across\ntheir junction. This paper provides a complete derivation of those results,\nmore explicit expressions for the energy flux, and a more detailed\ncharacterization of the system at arbitrary $T_c$ and $T_h$. We consider the\ntwo-point correlation functions and the energy flux $F(x)$ between each spin,\nlocated at integer position $x$, and its associated heat bath. In the $T_h\n\\rightarrow \\infty$ limit, the flux $F(x)$ decays exponentially into the cold\nbath (spins with $x=1,2,...$) for all $T_c>0$ and transitions into a power law\ndecay as $T_c \\rightarrow 0$. We find an asymptotic expansion for large $x$ in\nterms of modified Bessel functions that captures both of these behaviors. We\nperform Monte Carlo simulations that give excellent agreement with both the\nexact and asymptotic results for $F(x)$. The simulations are also used to study\nthe system at arbitrary $T_h$ and $T_c$.",
        "positive": "Dimensional Reduction of Markov State Models from Renormalization Group\n  Theory: Renormalization Group (RG) theory provides the theoretical framework to\ndefine Effective Theories (ETs), i.e. systematic low-resolution approximations\nof arbitrary microscopic models. Markov State Models (MSMs) are shown to be\nrigorous ETs for Molecular Dynamics (MD). Based on this fact, we use Real Space\nRG to vary the resolution of a MSM and define an algorithm for clustering\nmicrostates into macrostates. The result is a lower dimensional stochastic\nmodel which, by construction, provides the optimal coarse-grained Markovian\nrepresentation of the system's relaxation kinetics. To illustrate and validate\nour theory, we analyze a number of test systems of increasing complexity,\nranging from synthetic toy models to two realistic applications, built form\nall-atom MD simulations. The computational cost of computing the\nlow-dimensional model remains affordable on a desktop computer even for\nthousands of microstates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collision-assisted Zeeman cooling of neutral atoms: We propose a new method to cool gaseous samples of neutral atoms. The gas is\nconfined in a non dissipative optical trap in the presence of an homogeneous\nmagnetic field. The method accumulates atoms in the $m_F=0$ Zeeman sub-level.\nCooling occurs via collisions that produce atoms in $m_F\\neq 0$ states. Thanks\nto the second order Zeeman effect kinetic energy is transformed into internal\nenergy and recycling of atoms is ensured by optical pumping. This method may\nallow quantum degeneracy to be reached by purely optical means.",
        "positive": "R\u00e9nyi entropies for one-dimensional quantum systems with mixed\n  boundary conditions: We present a general method for calculating R\\'enyi entropies in the ground\nstate of a one-dimensional critical system with mixed open boundaries, for an\ninterval starting at one of its ends. In the conformal field theory framework,\nthis computation boils down to the evaluation of the correlation function of\none twist field and two boundary condition changing operators in the cyclic\norbifold. Exploiting null-vectors of the cyclic orbifold, we derive ordinary\ndifferential equations satisfied by these correlation functions. In particular,\nwe obtain an explicit expression for the second R\\'enyi entropy valid for any\ndiagonal minimal model, but with a particular set of mixed boundary conditions.\nIn order to compare our results with numerical data for the Ising and\nthree-state Potts critical chains, we also identify and compute the leading\nfinite size corrections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The equation of state of the n-vector model: collective variables method: The critical behavior of the three-dimensional n-vector model in the presence\nof an external field is investigated. Mathematical description is performed\nwith the collective variables (CV) method in the framework of the $\\rho^4$\nmodel approximation at the microscopic level without any adjustable parameters.\nThe recurrence relations of the renormalization group (RG) as functions of the\nexternal field and temperature were found. The analytical expression for the\nfree energy of the system for temperatures $T>T_c$ and different n was\nobtained. The equation of state of the n-vector model for general case of small\nand large external fields was written. The explicit form of the correspondent\nscaling function for different values of the order parameter was derived. The\nobtained results are in qualitative agreement with the data of Monte Carlo\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Cluster-Growth in Freely Cooling Granular Media: When dissipative particles are left alone, their fluctuation energy decays\ndue to collisional interactions, clusters build up and grow with time until the\nsystem size is reached. When the effective dissipation is strong enough, this\nmay lead to the `inelastic collapse', i.e. the divergence of the collision\nfrequency of some particles. The cluster growth is an interesting physical\nphenomenon, whereas the inelastic collapse is an intrinsic effect of the\ninelastic hard sphere (IHS) model used to study the cluster growth - involving\nonly a negligible number of particles in the system. Here, we extend the IHS\nmodel by introducing an elastic contact energy and the related contact duration\nt_c. This avoids the inelastic collapse and allows to examine the long-time\nbehavior of the system. For a quantitative description of the cluster growth,\nwe propose a burning - like algorithm in continuous space, that readily\nidentifies all particles that belong to the same cluster. The criterion for\nthis is here chosen to be only the particle distance.\n  With this method we identify three regimes of behavior. First, for short\ntimes a homogeneous cooling state (HCS) exists, where a mean-field theory works\nnicely, and the clusters are tiny and grow very slowly. Second, at a certain\ntime which depends on the system's properties, cluster growth starts and the\nclusters increase in size and mass until, in the third regime, the system size\nis reached and most of the particles are collected in one huge cluster."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reduced hierarchical equations of motion in real and imaginary time:\n  Correlated initial states and thermodynamic quantities: For a system strongly coupled to a heat bath, the quantum coherence of the\nsystem and the heat bath plays an important role in the system dynamics. This\nis particularly true in the case of non-Markovian noise. We rigorously\ninvestigate the influence of system-bath coherence by deriving the reduced\nhierarchal equations of motion (HEOM), not only in real time, but also in\nimaginary time, which represents an inverse temperature. It is shown that the\nHEOM in real time obtained when we include the system-bath coherence of the\ninitial thermal equilibrium state possess the same form as those obtained from\na factorized initial state. We find that the difference in behavior of systems\ntreated in these two manners results from the difference in initial conditions\nof the HEOM elements, which are defined in path integral form. We also derive\nHEOM along the imaginary time path to obtain the thermal equilibrium state of a\nsystem strongly coupled to a non-Markovian bath. Then, we show that the steady\nstate hierarchy elements calculated from the real-time HEOM can be expressed in\nterms of the hierarchy elements calculated from the imaginary-time HEOM.\nMoreover, we find that the imaginary-time HEOM allow us to evaluate a number of\nthermodynamic variables, including the free energy, entropy, internal energy,\nheat capacity, and susceptibility. The expectation values of the system energy\nand system-bath interaction energy in the thermal equilibrium state are also\nevaluated.",
        "positive": "Spectral and Strength Statistics of Chiral Brownian Ensemble: Multi-parametric chiral random matrix ensembles are important tools to\nanalyze the statistical behavior of generic complex systems with chiral\nsymmetry. A recent study \\cite{psmulti} of the former maps them to the chiral\nBrownian ensemble (Ch-BE) that appears as a non-equilibrium state of a single\nparametric crossover between two stationary chiral Hermitian ensembles. This\nmotivates us to pursue a detailed statistical investigation of the spectral and\nstrength fluctuations of the Ch-BE, with a focus on their behavior near zero\nenergy region. The information can then be used for a wide range of complex\nsystems with chiral symmetry. Our analysis also reveals connections of Ch-BE to\ngeneralized Calogero Sutherland Hamiltonian (CSH) and Wishart ensembles. This\nalong with already known connections of complex systems without chirality to\nCSH strongly hints the later to be the \"backbone\" Hamiltonian governing the\nspectral dynamics of Complex systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How does pressure fluctuate in equilibrium?: We study fluctuations of pressure in equilibrium for classical particle\nsystems. In equilibrium statistical mechanics, pressure for a microscopic state\nis defined by the derivative of a thermodynamic function or, more mechanically,\nthrough the momentum current. We show that although the two expectation values\nconverge to the same equilibrium value in the thermodynamic limit, the variance\nof the mechanical pressure is in general greater than that of the pressure\ndefined through the thermodynamic relation. We also present a condition for\nexperimentally detecting the difference between them in an idealized\nmeasurement of momentum transfer.",
        "positive": "Quantum-field multiloop calculations in critical dynamics: The quantum-field renormalization group method is one of the most efficient\nand powerful tools for studying critical and scaling phenomena in interacting\nmany-particle systems. The multiloop Feynman diagrams underpin the specific\nimplementation of the renormalization group program. In recent years, multiloop\ncomputation has had a significant breakthrough in both static and dynamic\nmodels of critical behavior. In the paper, we focus on the state-of-the-art\ncomputational techniques for critical dynamic diagrams and the results obtained\nwith their help. The generic nature of the evaluated physical observables in a\nwide class of field models is manifested in the asymptotic character of\nperturbation expansions. Thus, the Borel resummation of series is required to\nprocess multiloop results. Such a procedure also enables one to take high-order\ncontributions into consideration properly. The paper outlines the resummation\nframework in dynamic models and the circumstances in which it can be useful. An\nimportant resummation criterion is the properties of the higher-order\nasymptotics of the perturbation theory. In static theories, these properties\nare determined by the method of instanton analysis. A similar approach is\napplicable in critical dynamics models. We describe the calculation of these\nasymptotics in dynamical models and present the results of the corresponding\nresummation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On conjectured local generalizations of anisotropic scale invariance and\n  their implications: The theory of generalized local scale invariance of strongly anisotropic\nscale invariant systems proposed some time ago by Henkel [Nucl. Phys. B\n\\textbf{641}, 405 (2002)] is examined. The case of so-called type-I systems is\nconsidered. This was conjectured to be realized by systems at m-axial Lifshitz\npoints; in support of this claim, scaling functions of two-point cumulants at\nthe uniaxial Lifshitz point of the three-dimensional ANNNI model were predicted\non the basis of this theory and found to be in excellent agreement with Monte\nCarlo results [Phys. Rev. Lett. \\textbf{87}, 125702 (2001)]. The consequences\nof the conjectured invariance equations are investigated. It is shown that\nfewer solutions than anticipated by Henkel generally exist and contribute to\nthe scaling functions if these equations are assumed to hold for all (positive\nand negative) values of the d-dimensional space (or space time) coordinates\n$(t,\\bm{r})\\in \\mathbb{R}\\times\\mathbb{R}^{d-1}$. Specifically, a single rather\nthan two independent solutions exists in the case relevant for the mentioned\nfit of Monte Carlo data for the ANNNI model. Renormalization-group improved\nperturbation theory in $4+m/2-\\epsilon$ dimensions is used to determine the\nscaling functions of the order-parameter and energy-density two-point cumulants\nin momentum space to two-loop order. The results are mathematically\nincompatible with Henkel's predictions except in free-field-theory cases.\nHowever, the scaling function of the energy-density cumulant we obtain for m=1\nupon extrapolation of our two-loop RG results to d=3 differs numerically little\nfrom that of an effective free field theory.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Model for a Vortex Depinning in Random Media: We present a self-organized stochastic model for the dynamics of a single\nflux line in random media. The dynamics for the flux line in the longitudinal\nand the transversal direction to an averaged moving direction are coupled to\neach other. The roughness exponents of the flux line are measured for each\ndirection, which are close to $\\alpha_{\\parallel}\\approx 0.63$ for the\nlongitudinal and $\\alpha_{\\perp}\\approx 0.5$ for the transversal direction,\nrespectively. The dynamic exponents are obtained as $z\\approx 1$ for both\ndirections. We discuss the classification of universality for the stochastic\nmodel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Trimming the Independent Fat: Sufficient Statistics, Mutual Information,\n  and Predictability from Effective Channel States: One of the most fundamental questions one can ask about a pair of random\nvariables X and Y is the value of their mutual information. Unfortunately, this\ntask is often stymied by the extremely large dimension of the variables. We\nmight hope to replace each variable by a lower-dimensional representation that\npreserves the relationship with the other variable. The theoretically ideal\nimplementation is the use of minimal sufficient statistics, where it is\nwell-known that either X or Y can be replaced by their minimal sufficient\nstatistic about the other while preserving the mutual information. While\nintuitively reasonable, it is not obvious or straightforward that both\nvariables can be replaced simultaneously. We demonstrate that this is in fact\npossible: the information X's minimal sufficient statistic preserves about Y is\nexactly the information that Y's minimal sufficient statistic preserves about\nX. As an important corollary, we consider the case where one variable is a\nstochastic process' past and the other its future and the present is viewed as\na memoryful channel. In this case, the mutual information is the channel\ntransmission rate between the channel's effective states. That is, the\npast-future mutual information (the excess entropy) is the amount of\ninformation about the future that can be predicted using the past. Translating\nour result about minimal sufficient statistics, this is equivalent to the\nmutual information between the forward- and reverse-time causal states of\ncomputational mechanics. We close by discussing multivariate extensions to this\nuse of minimal sufficient statistics.",
        "positive": "Quasirelativistic Langevin equation: We address the problem of a microscopic derivation of the Langevin equation\nfor a weakly relativistic Brownian particle. A non-covariant Hamiltonian model\nis adopted, in which the free motion of particles is described\nrelativistically, while their interaction is treated classically, i.e. by means\nof action-to-a-distance interaction potentials. Relativistic corrections to the\nclassical Langevin equation emerge as nonlinear dissipation terms and originate\nfrom the nonlinear dependence of the relativistic velocity on momentum. On the\nother hand, similar nonlinear dissipation forces also appear as classical\n(non-relativistic) corrections to the weak-coupling approximation. It is shown\nthat these classical corrections, which are usually ignored in phenomenological\nmodels, may be of the same order of magnitude, if not larger than relativistic\nones. The interplay of relativistic corrections and classical\nbeyond-the-weak-coupling contributions determines the sign of the leading\nnonlinear dissipation term in the Langevin equation, and thus is qualitatively\nimportant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The density of states of classical spin systems with continuous degrees\n  of freedom: In the last years different studies have revealed the usefulness of a\nmicrocanonical analysis of finite systems when dealing with phase transitions.\nIn this approach the quantities of interest are exclusively expressed as\nderivatives of the entropy $S = \\ln \\Omega$ where $\\Omega$ is the density of\nstates. Obviously, the density of states has to be known with very high\naccuracy for this kind of analysis. Important progress has been achieved\nrecently in the computation of the density of states of classical systems, as\nnew types of algorithms have been developed. Here we extend one of these\nmethods, originally formulated for systems with discrete degrees of freedom, to\nsystems with continuous degrees of freedoms. As an application we compute the\ndensity of states of the three-dimensional XY model and demonstrate that\ncritical quantities can directly be determined from the density of states of\nfinite systems in cases where the degrees of freedom take continuous values.",
        "positive": "Stochastic thermodynamics of relativistic Brownian motion: Physical scenarios that require a relativistic treatment are ubiquitous in\nnature, ranging from cosmological objects to charge carriers in Dirac\nmaterials. Interestingly all of these situations have in common that the\nsystems typically operate very far from thermal equilibrium. Therefore, if and\nhow the framework of stochastic thermodynamics applies at relativistic energies\nis a salient question. In the present work we generalize the notions of\nstochastic heat and work for the relativistic Langevin equation and derive the\nfluctuation theorems without and with feedback. For processes with feedback we\nconsider the ramifications of the lack of simultaneity of events in the\ninertial frames of observer and Brownian particles, and we argue that the\nframework of absolute irreversibility is instrumental to avoid acausal\nconsiderations. The analysis is concluded with a few remarks on potential\nexperimental applications in graphene."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Constraining nonextensive statistics with plasma oscillation data: We discuss experimental constraints on the free parameter of the nonextensive\nkinetic theory from measurements of the thermal dispersion relation in a\ncollisionless plasma. For electrostatic plane-wave propagation, we show through\na statistical analysis that a good agreement between theory and experiment is\npossible if the allowed values of the $q$-parameter are restricted by $q=0.77\n\\pm 0.03$ at 95% confidence level (or equivalently, $2-q = 1.23$, in the\nlargely adopted convention for the entropy index $q$). Such a result rules out\n(by a large statistical margin) the standard Bohm-Gross dispersion relation\nwhich is derived assuming that the stationary Maxwellian distribution ($q=1$)\nis the unperturbed solution.",
        "positive": "Extreme Value Statistics of Hierarchically Correlated Variables:\n  Deviation from Gumbel Statistics and Anomalous Persistence: We study analytically the distribution of the minimum of a set of\nhierarchically correlated random variables $E_1$, $E_2$, $...$, $E_N$ where\n$E_i$ represents the energy of the $i$-th path of a directed polymer on a\nCayley tree. If the variables were uncorrelated, the minimum energy would have\nan asymptotic Gumbel distribution. We show that due to the hierarchical\ncorrelations, the forward tail of the distribution of the minimum energy\nbecomes highly nnon universal, depends explicitly on the distribution of the\nbond energies $\\epsilon$ and is generically different from the\nsuper-exponential forward tail of the Gumbel distribution. The consequence of\nthese results to the persistence of hierarchically correlated random variables\nis discussed and the persistence is also shown to be generically anomalous."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tracer diffusion in crowded narrow channels. Topical review: We summarise different results on the diffusion of a tracer particle in\nlattice gases of hard-core particles with stochastic dynamics, which are\nconfined to narrow channels -- single-files, comb-like structures and\nquasi-one-dimensional channels with the width equal to several particle\ndiameters. We show that in such geometries a surprisingly rich, sometimes even\ncounter-intuitive, behaviour emerges, which is absent in unbounded systems. We\nalso present a survey of different results obtained for a tracer particle\ndiffusion in unbounded systems, which will permit a reader to have an\nexhaustively broad picture of the tracer diffusion in crowded environments.",
        "positive": "Power-law distributions and Levy-stable intermittent fluctuations in\n  stochastic systems of many autocatalytic elements: A generic model of stochastic autocatalytic dynamics with many degrees of\nfreedom $w_i$ $i=1,...,N$ is studied using computer simulations. The time\nevolution of the $w_i$'s combines a random multiplicative dynamics $w_i(t+1) =\n\\lambda w_i(t)$ at the individual level with a global coupling through a\nconstraint which does not allow the $w_i$'s to fall below a lower cutoff given\nby $c \\cdot \\bar w$, where $\\bar w$ is their momentary average and $0<c<1$ is a\nconstant. The dynamic variables $w_i$ are found to exhibit a power-law\ndistribution of the form $p(w) \\sim w^{-1-\\alpha}$. The exponent $\\alpha (c,N)$\nis quite insensitive to the distribution $\\Pi(\\lambda)$ of the random factor\n$\\lambda$, but it is non-universal, and increases monotonically as a function\nof $c$. The \"thermodynamic\" limit, N goes to infty and the limit of decoupled\nfree multiplicative random walks c goes to 0, do not commute: $\\alpha(0,N) = 0$\nfor any finite $N$ while $ \\alpha(c,\\infty) \\ge 1$ (which is the common range\nin empirical systems) for any positive $c$. The time evolution of ${\\bar w (t)}\n$ exhibits intermittent fluctuations parametrized by a (truncated)\nL\\'evy-stable distribution $L_{\\alpha}(r)$ with the same index $\\alpha$. This\nnon-trivial relation between the distribution of the $w_i$'s at a given time\nand the temporal fluctuations of their average is examined and its relevance to\nempirical systems is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Localisation in space and time in disordered-lattice open quantum\n  dynamics: We study a two-dimensional tight-binding lattice for excitons with on-site\ndisorder, coupled to a thermal environment at infinite temperature. The\ndisorder acts to localise an exciton spatially, while the environment generates\ndynamics which enable exploration of the lattice. Although the steady state of\nthe system is trivially uniform, we observe a rich dynamics and uncover a\ndynamical phase transition in the space of temporal trajectories. This\ntransition is identified as a localisation in the dynamics generated by the\nbath. We explore spatial features in the dynamics and employ a generalisation\nof the inverse participation ratio to deduce an ergodic timescale for the\nlattice.",
        "positive": "Stochastic patterns in a 1D Rock-Paper-Scissor model with mutation: In the framework of a 1D cyclic competition model, the Rock-Paper-Scissor\nmodel, where bacteria are allowed to mutate and move in space, we study the\nformation of stochastic patterns, where all the bacteria species do coexist. We\nmodelled the problem using an individual-based setting and using the system\nsize van Kampen expansion to deal with the Master Equation, we have been able\nto characterise the spatio-temporal patterns using the power spectrum of the\nfluctuations. We proved that such patterns are robust against the intrinsic\nnoise and they can be found for parameters values beyond the ones fixed by the\ndeterministic approach. We complement such analytical results with numerical\nsimulations based on the Gillespie's algorithm."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical and Tricritical Hard Objects on Bicolorable Random Lattices:\n  Exact Solutions: We address the general problem of hard objects on random lattices, and\nemphasize the crucial role played by the colorability of the lattices to ensure\nthe existence of a crystallization transition. We first solve explicitly the\nnaive (colorless) random-lattice version of the hard-square model and find that\nthe only matter critical point is the non-unitary Lee-Yang edge singularity. We\nthen show how to restore the crystallization transition of the hard-square\nmodel by considering the same model on bicolored random lattices. Solving this\nmodel exactly, we show moreover that the crystallization transition point lies\nin the universality class of the Ising model coupled to 2D quantum gravity. We\nfinally extend our analysis to a new two-particle exclusion model, whose\nregular lattice version involves hard squares of two different sizes. The exact\nsolution of this model on bicolorable random lattices displays a phase diagram\nwith two (continuous and discontinuous) crystallization transition lines\nmeeting at a higher order critical point, in the universality class of the\ntricritical Ising model coupled to 2D quantum gravity.",
        "positive": "Jamming, relaxation and crystallization of a super-cooled fluid in a\n  three-dimensional lattice: Off-equilibrium dynamics of a three-dimensional lattice model with nearest-\nand next nearest-neighbors exclusions is studied. At equilibrium, the model\nundergoes a first-order fluid-solid transition. Non-equilibrium filling,\nthrough random sequential adsorption with diffusion, creates amorphous\nstructures and terminates at a disordered state with random closest packing\ndensity that lies in the equilibrium solid regime. The approach towards random\nclosest packing is characterized by two distinct power-law regimes, reflecting\nthe formation of small densely packed grains in the long time regime of the\nfilling process. We then study the fixed-density relaxation of these amorphous\nstructures towards the solid phase. The route to crystallization is shown to\ndeviate from the simple grain growth proposed by classical nucleation theory.\nOur measurements suggest that relaxation is driven mainly by coalescence of\nneighboring crystallized grains which exist in the initial amorphous state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The one-dimensional contact process: duality and renormalisation: We study the one-dimensional contact process in its quantum version using a\nrecently proposed real space renormalisation technique for stochastic\nmany-particle systems. Exploiting the duality and other properties of the\nmodel, we can apply the method for cells with up to 37 sites. After suitable\nextrapolation, we obtain exponent estimates which are comparable in accuracy\nwith the best known in the literature.",
        "positive": "Coexistence of active Brownian discs: Van der Waals theory and\n  analytical results: At thermal equilibrium, intensive quantities like temperature and pressure\nhave to be uniform throughout the system, restricting inhomogeneous systems\ncomposed of different phases. The paradigmatic example is the coexistence of\nvapor and liquid, a state that can also be observed for active Brownian\nparticles steadily driven away from equilibrium. Recently, a strategy has been\nproposed that allows to predict phase equilibria of active particles [Phys.\nRev. E \\textbf{97}, 020602(R)(2018)]. Here we elaborate on this strategy and\nformulate it in the framework of a van der Waals theory for active discs. For a\ngiven equation of state, we derive the effective free energy analytically and\nshow that it yields coexisting densities in very good agreement with numerical\nresults. We discuss the interfacial tension and the relation to Cahn-Hilliard\nmodels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Velocity jump process with volume exclusions in a narrow channel: This paper analyses the impact of collisions in a system of $N$ identical\nhard-core particles driven according to a velocity jump process. The physical\nspace is essentially a channel in $\\mathbb{R}$ with a probability of occupants\nbeing able to pass each other. The system mimics what nature does, where\nindividuals pass one another in a narrow channel while making incidental\ncontact with those moving in the opposite direction. The passing probability\nmay depend on the particles' size and the channel's width. Starting from the\nparticle level model, we systematically derive a nonlinear transport equation\nbased on an asymptotic expansion. Under low-occupied fractions, numerical\nsolutions of both the kinetic model and the stochastic particle system are\ncompared well during biased and unbiased random velocity changes. Analysis of\nthe subpopulation motility within a large population exhibits the consequences\nof volume exclusions and channel confinements on the travelling speeds.",
        "positive": "Quantum Systems Obeying to Generalized Exclusion-Inclusion Principle: In this work is studied a many body system obeying to a generalized\nExclusion-Inclusion Principle (EIP) originated by collective effect, the\ndynamics, in mean field approximation, being ruled by a nonlinear Schroedinger\nequation. The EIP is introduced by a judicious generalization of the particle\ncurrent. By means of variational principle is obtained a canonical nonlinear\nSchroedinger equation. We study the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation. We\nstudy the symmetries of the nonlinear Schroedinger equation obeying to EIP and\nby means of Noether theorem we obtain and discuss conserved quantities.\nSuccessively, EIP-Schroedinger equation is coupled in a minimal way to an\nabelian gauge field which dynamics is described by the Maxwell-Chern-Simons\nLagrangian. We show that the anyonic statistic behavior ascribed to the system\nby the Chern-Simons Lagrangian is not destroyed by the presence of EIP\npotential. Finally, we study special solutions of the system. Applications on\nthe Bose-Einstein condensation and vortex-like solution in the picture of\nChern-Simons interaction are considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microcanonical quantum fluctuation theorems: Previously derived expressions for the characteristic function of work\nperformed on a quantum system by a classical external force are generalized to\narbitrary initial states of the considered system and to Hamiltonians with\ndegenerate spectra. In the particular case of microcanonical initial states\nexplicit expressions for the characteristic function and the corresponding\nprobability density of work are formulated. Their classical limit as well as\ntheir relations to the respective canonical expressions are discussed. A\nfluctuation theorem is derived that expresses the ratio of probabilities of\nwork for a process and its time reversal to the ratio of densities of states of\nthe microcanonical equilibrium systems with corresponding initial and final\nHamiltonians.From this Crooks-type fluctuation theorem a relation between\nentropies of different systems can be derived which does not involve the time\nreversed process. This entropy-from-work theorem provides an experimentally\naccessible way to measure entropies.",
        "positive": "Linear hydrodynamics for driven granular gases: We study the dynamics of a granular gas heated by the stochastic thermostat.\nFrom a Boltzmann description, we derive the hydrodynamic equations for small\nperturbations around the stationary state that is reached in the long time\nlimit. Transport coefficients are identified as Green-Kubo formulas obtaining\nexplicit expressions as a function of the inelasticity and the spacial\ndimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonextensive models for earthquakes: We have revisited the fragment-asperity interaction model recently introduced\nby Sotolongo-Costa and Posadas (Physical Review Letters 92, 048501, 2004) by\nconsidering a different definition for mean values in the context of Tsallis\nnonextensive statistics and introducing a new scale between the earthquake\nenergy and the size of fragment $\\epsilon \\propto r^3$. The energy distribution\nfunction (EDF) deduced in our approach is considerably different from the one\nobtained in the above reference. We have also tested the viability of this new\nEDF with data from two different catalogs (in three different areas), namely,\nNEIC and Bulletin Seismic of the Revista Brasileira de Geof\\'{\\i}sica. Although\nboth approaches provide very similar values for the nonextensive parameter $q$,\nother physical quantities, e.g., the energy density differs considerably, by\nseveral orders of magnitude.",
        "positive": "Finite-time dynamical phase transition in non-equilibrium relaxation: We uncover a finite-time dynamical phase transition in the thermal relaxation\nof a mean-field magnetic model. The phase transition manifests itself as a cusp\nsingularity in the probability distribution of the magnetisation that forms at\na critical time. The transition is due to a sudden switch in the dynamics,\ncharacterised by a dynamical order parameter. We derive a dynamical Landau\ntheory for the transition that applies to a range of systems with scalar,\nparity-invariant order parameters. Close to criticalilty, our theory reveals an\nexact mapping between the dynamical and equilibrium phase transitions of the\nmagnetic model, and implies critical exponents of mean-field type. We argue\nthat interactions between nearby saddle points, neglected at the mean-field\nlevel, may lead to critical, spatiotemporal fluctuations of the order\nparameter, and thus give rise to novel, dynamical critical phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Domain Wall Renormalization Group Study of XY Model with Quenched Random\n  Phase Shifts: The XY model with quenched random disorder is studied by a zero temperature\ndomain wall renormalization group method in 2D and 3D. Instead of the usual\nphase representation we use the charge (vortex) representation to compute the\ndomain wall, or defect, energy. For the gauge glass corresponding to the\nmaximum disorder we reconfirm earlier predictions that there is no ordered\nphase in 2D but an ordered phase can exist in 3D at low temperature. However,\nour simulations yield spin stiffness exponents $\\theta_{s} \\approx -0.36$ in 2D\nand $\\theta_{s} \\approx +0.31$ in 3D, which are considerably larger than\nprevious estimates and strongly suggest that the lower critical dimension is\nless than three. For the $\\pm J$ XY spin glass in 3D, we obtain a spin\nstiffness exponent $\\theta_{s} \\approx +0.10$ which supports the existence of\nspin glass order at finite temperature in contrast with previous estimates\nwhich obtain $\\theta_{s}< 0$. Our method also allows us to study\nrenormalization group flows of both the coupling constant and the disorder\nstrength with length scale $L$. Our results are consistent with recent analytic\nand numerical studies suggesting the absence of a re-entrant transition in 2D\nat low temperature. Some possible consequences and connections with real vortex\nsystems are discussed.",
        "positive": "Complete conformal field theory solution of a chiral six-point\n  correlation function: Using conformal field theory, we perform a complete analysis of the chiral\nsix-point correlation function C(z)=< \\phi_{1,2}\\phi_{1,2} \\Phi_{1/2,0}(z, \\bar\nz) \\phi_{1,2}\\phi_{1,2} >, with the four \\phi_{1,2} operators at the corners of\nan arbitrary rectangle, and the point z = x+iy in the interior. We calculate\nthis for arbitrary central charge (equivalently, SLE parameter \\kappa > 0). C\nis of physical interest because percolation (\\kappa = 6) and many other\ntwo-dimensional critical points, it specifies the density at z of critical\nclusters conditioned to touch either or both vertical ends of the rectangle,\nwith these ends `wired', i.e. constrained to be in a single cluster, and the\nhorizontal ends free. The correlation function may be written as the product of\nan algebraic prefactor f and a conformal block G, where f = f(x,y,m), with m a\ncross-ratio specified by the corners (m determines the aspect ratio of the\nrectangle). By appropriate choice of f and using coordinates that respect the\nsymmetry of the problem, the conformal block G is found to be independent of\neither y or x, and given by an Appell function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal Resonance in Signal Transmission: We use temperature tuning to control signal propagation in simple\none-dimensional arrays of masses connected by hard anharmonic springs and with\nno local potentials. In our numerical model a sustained signal is applied at\none site of a chain immersed in a thermal environment and the signal-to-noise\nratio is measured at each oscillator. We show that raising the temperature can\nlead to enhanced signal propagation along the chain, resulting in thermal\nresonance effects akin to the resonance observed in arrays of bistable systems.",
        "positive": "Turning intractable counting into sampling: computing the\n  configurational entropy of three-dimensional jammed packings: We report a numerical calculation of the total number of disordered jammed\nconfigurations $\\Omega$ of $N$ repulsive, three-dimensional spheres in a fixed\nvolume $V$. To make these calculations tractable, we increase the computational\nefficiency of the approach of Xu et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 245502 (2011))\nand Asenjo et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 098002 (2014)) and we extend the\nmethod to allow computation of the configurational entropy as a function of\npressure. The approach that we use computes the configurational entropy by\nsampling the absolute volume of basins of attraction of the stable packings in\nthe potential energy landscape. We find a surprisingly strong correlation\nbetween the pressure of a configuration and the volume of its basin of\nattraction in the potential energy landscape. This relation is well described\nby a power law. Our methodology to compute the number of minima in the\npotential energy landscape should be applicable to a wide range of other\nenumeration problems in statistical physics, string theory, cosmology and\nmachine learning, that aim to find the distribution of the extrema of a scalar\ncost function that depends on many degrees of freedom."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the distribution of surface extrema in several one- and\n  two-dimensional random landscapes: We study here a standard next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) model of ballistic\ngrowth on one- and two-dimensional substrates focusing our analysis on the\nprobability distribution function $P(M,L)$ of the number $M$ of maximal points\n(i.e., local ``peaks'') of growing surfaces. Our analysis is based on two\ncentral results: (i) the proof (presented here) of the fact that uniform\none--dimensional ballistic growth process in the steady state can be mapped\nonto ''rise-and-descent'' sequences in the ensemble of random permutation\nmatrices; and (ii) the fact, established in Ref. \\cite{ov}, that different\ncharacteristics of ``rise-and-descent'' patterns in random permutations can be\ninterpreted in terms of a certain continuous--space Hammersley--type process.\nFor one--dimensional system we compute $P(M,L)$ exactly and also present\nexplicit results for the correlation function characterizing the enveloping\nsurface. For surfaces grown on 2d substrates, we pursue similar approach\nconsidering the ensemble of permutation matrices with long--ranged\ncorrelations. Determining exactly the first three cumulants of the\ncorresponding distribution function, we define it in the scaling limit using an\nexpansion in the Edgeworth series, and show that it converges to a Gaussian\nfunction as $L \\to \\infty$.",
        "positive": "Discrete-time analysis of traveling wave solutions and steady-state of\n  PASEP with open boundaries: We consider the dynamics of a single shock in a partially asymmetric simple\nexclusion process (PASEP) on a finite lattice with open boundaries in the\nsublattice-parallel updating scheme. We then construct the steady state of the\nsystem by considering a linear superposition of these shocks. It is shown that\nthis steady state can also be written in terms of a product of four non-\ncommuting matrices. One of the main results obtained here is that these\nmatrices have exactly the same generic structure as the matrices first\nintroduced in Jafarpour and Masharian (2009 Phys. Rev. E 79 051124) indicating\nthat the steady state of a one-dimensional driven-diffusive system can be\nwritten as a linear superposition of product shock measures. It is now easy to\nexplain the two-dimensional matrix representation of the PASEP with parallel\ndynamics introduced in Essler and Rittenberg (1996 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 29\n3375) and Honecker and Peschel (1997 J. Stat. Phys. 88 319)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise Enhanced Stability: The noise can stabilize a fluctuating or a periodically driven metastable\nstate in such a way that the system remains in this state for a longer time\nthan in the absence of white noise. This is the noise enhanced stability\nphenomenon, observed experimentally and numerically in different physical\nsystems. After shortly reviewing all the physical systems where the phenomenon\nwas observed, the theoretical approaches used to explain the effect are\npresented. Specifically the conditions to observe the effect: (a) in systems\nwith periodical driving force, and (b) in random dichotomous driving force, are\ndiscussed. In case (b) we review the analytical results concerning the mean\nfirst passage time and the nonlinear relaxation time as a function of the white\nnoise intensity, the parameters of the potential barrier, and of the\ndichotomous noise.",
        "positive": "Why and when the Minkowski's stress tensor can be used in the problem of\n  Casimir force acting on bodies embedded in media: It is shown that the criticism by Raabe and Welsch of the\nDzyaloshinskii-Lifshitz-Pitaevskii theory of the van der Waals-Casimir forces\ninside a medium is based on misunderstandings. It is explained why and at which\nconditions one can use the ''Minkowski-like '' stress tensor for calculations\nof the forces. The reason, why approach of Raabe and Welsch is incorrect, is\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Driven particle in a one dimensional periodic potential with feedback\n  control: efficiency and power optimization: A Brownian particle moving in a staircase-like potential with feedback\ncontrol offers a way to implement Maxwell's demon. An experimental\ndemonstration of such a system using sinusoidal periodic potential carried out\nby Toyabe et al. has shown that information about the particle's position can\nbe converted to useful work. In this paper, we carry out a numerical study of a\nsimilar system using Brownian dynamics simulation. A Brownian particle moving\nin a periodic potential under the action of a constant driving force is made to\nmove against the drive by measuring the position of the particle and effecting\nfeedback control by altering potential. The work is extracted during the\npotential change and from the movement of the particle against the external\ndrive. These work extractions come at the cost of information gathered during\nthe measurement. Efficiency and work extracted per cycle of this information\nengine are optimized by varying control parameters as well as feedback\nprotocols. Both these quantities are found to crucially depend on the amplitude\nof the periodic potential as well as the width of the region over which the\nparticle is searched for during the measurement phase. For the case when\npotential flip ($i.e.$, changing the phase of the potential by $180$ degrees)\nis used as the feedback mechanism, we argue that the square potential offers a\nmore efficient information-to-work conversion. The control over the numerical\nparameters and averaging over large number of trial runs allow one to study the\nnon-equilibrium work relations with feedback for this process with precision.\nIt is seen that the generalized integral fluctuation theorem for error free\nmeasurements holds to within the accuracy of the simulation.",
        "positive": "Condensation of actin filaments pushing against a barrier: We develop a model to describe the force generated by the polymerization of\nan array of parallel biofilaments. The filaments are assumed to be coupled only\nthrough mechanical contact with a movable barrier. We calculate the filament\ndensity distribution and the force-velocity relation with a mean-field approach\ncombined with simulations. We identify two regimes: a non-condensed regime at\nlow force in which filaments are spread out spatially, and a condensed regime\nat high force in which filaments accumulate near the barrier. We confirm a\nresult previously known from other related studies, namely that the stall force\nis equal to N times the stall force of a single filament. In the model studied\nhere, the approach to stalling is very slow, and the velocity is practically\nzero at forces significantly lower than the stall force."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Henry's law, surface tension, and surface adsorption in dilute binary\n  mixtures: Equilibrium properties of dilute binary fluid mixtures are studied in\ntwo-phase states on the basis of a Helmholtz free energy including the gradient\nfree energy. The solute partitioning between gas and liquid (Henry's law) and\nthe surface tension change $\\Delta\\gamma$ are discussed. A derivation of the\nGibbs law $\\Delta\\gamma=-T\\Gamma$ is given with $\\Gamma$ being the surface\nadsorption. Calculated quantities include the derivatives $d T_c/dX$ and $d\np_c/dX$ of the critical temperature and pressure with respect to the solute\nmolar fraction $X$ and the temperature-derivative $(\\p \\gamma/\\p T)_{{\\rm\ncx},p}$ of the surface tension at fixed pressure $p$ on the coexistence\nsurface. Here $(\\p \\gamma/\\p T)_{{\\rm cx},p}$ can be both positive and\nnegative, depending on the solute molecular size and the solute-solvent\ninteraction,and diverges on the azeptropic line. Explicit expressions are given\nfor all these quantities in the van der Waals model.",
        "positive": "Moment analysis of the probability distributions of different sandpile\n  models: We reconsider the moment analysis of the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld and the Manna\nsandpile model in two and three dimensions. In contrast to recently performed\ninvestigations our analysis turns out that the models are characterized by\ndifferent scaling behavior, i.e., they belong to different universality\nclasses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Mechanics of Histories: A Cluster Monte Carlo Algorithm: We present an efficient computational approach to sample the histories of\nnonlinear stochastic processes. This framework builds upon recent work on\ncasting a $d$-dimensional stochastic dynamical system into a $d+1$-dimensional\nequilibrium system using the path integral approach. We introduce a cluster\nalgorithm that efficiently samples histories and discuss how to include\nmeasurements that are available into the estimate of the histories. This allows\nour approach to be applicable to the simulation of rare events and to optimal\nstate and parameter estimation. We demonstrate the utility of this approach for\n$\\phi^4$ Langevin dynamics in two spatial dimensions where our algorithm\nimproves sampling efficiency up to an order of magnitude.",
        "positive": "Persistence of coherent quantum dynamics at strong dissipation: The quantum dynamics of a two state system coupled to a bosonic reservoir\nwith sub-Ohmic spectral density is investigated for strong friction.\nNumerically exact path integral Monte Carlo methods reveal that in contrast to\nconventional expectations, coherent dynamics never turns into incoherent decay\nfor a broad class of spectral distributions. Coherences associated with\nsubstantial system-reservoir entanglement exist in non-equilibrium even when\nstrong dissipation makes the thermodynamic state of the system to behave\nessentially classical. This may be of relevance for current experiments with\nnanoscale devices and bio-molecular aggregates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermoelectric generator at optimal power with external and internal\n  irreversibilities: There are few exact results on optimal power conditions for a thermoelectric\ngenerator in the presence of both external and internal\nirreversibilities---modelled as non-ideal thermal contacts and Joule heating,\nrespectively. Simplified cases, where only one kind of irreversibility is\nassumed, yield some well-known expressions for efficiency at maximum power\n(EMP), such as Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency for endoreversible model. In this\nwork, we analyze situations under the simultaneous presence of internal and\nexternal irreversibilities. To simplify, we neglect heat leaks, and each kind\nof irreversibility is assumed only on the side of one of the thermal contacts.\nWe also present the symmetric case---where each kind of irreversibility\ncontributes with equal strengths towards the side of each thermal contact. We\nshow the bounds satisfied by EMP in each of these regimes and compare its\nproperties for thermal impedence matching and close to equilibrium, where we\nfind step-wise changes in EMP.",
        "positive": "Self-organization of quasi-equilibrium stationary condensation in\n  accumulative ion-plasma devices: We consider both theoretically and experimentally self-organization process\nof quasi-equilibrium steady-state condensation of sputtered substance in\naccumulative ion-plasma devices. The self-organization effect is shown to be\ncaused by self-consistent variations of the condensate temperature and the\nsupersaturation of depositing atoms. On the basis of the phase-plane method, we\nfind two different types of the self-organization process to be possible.\nExperimental data related to aluminum condensates are discussed to confirm\nself-organization nature of quasi-equilibrium steady-state condensation\nprocess."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Smoluchowski Diffusion Equation for Active Brownian Swimmers: We study the free diffusion in two dimensions of active-Brownian swimmers\nsubject to passive fluctuations on the translational motion and to active\nfluctuations on the rotational one. The Smoluchowski equation is derived from a\nLangevin-like model of active swimmers, and analytically solved in the\nlong-time regime for arbitrary values of the P\\'eclet number, this allows us to\nanalyze the out-of-equilibrium evolution of the positions distribution of\nactive particles at all time regimes. Explicit expressions for the mean-square\ndisplacement and for the kurtosis of the probability distribution function are\npresented, and the effects of persistence discussed. We show through Brownian\ndynamics simulations that our prescription for the mean-square displacement\ngives the exact time dependence at all times. The departure of the probability\ndistribution from a Gaussian, measured by the kurtosis, is also analyzed both\nanalytically and computationally. We find that for P\\'eclet numbers $\\lesssim\n0.1$, the distance from Gaussian increases as $\\sim t^{-2}$ at short times,\nwhile it diminishes as $\\sim t^{-1}$ in the asymptotic limit.",
        "positive": "On the robustness of q-expectation values and Renyi entropy: We study the robustness of functionals of probability distributions such as\nthe R\\'enyi and nonadditive S_q entropies, as well as the q-expectation values\nunder small variations of the distributions. We focus on three important types\nof distribution functions, namely (i) continuous bounded (ii) discrete with\nfinite number of states, and (iii) discrete with infinite number of states. The\nphysical concept of robustness is contrasted with the mathematically stronger\ncondition of stability and Lesche-stability for functionals. We explicitly\ndemonstrate that, in the case of continuous distributions, once unbounded\ndistributions and those leading to negative entropy are excluded, both Renyi\nand nonadditive S_q entropies as well as the q-expectation values are robust.\nFor the discrete finite case, the Renyi and nonadditive S_q entropies and the\nq-expectation values are robust. For the infinite discrete case, where both\nRenyi entropy and q-expectations are known to violate Lesche-stability and\nstability respectively, we show that one can nevertheless state conditions\nwhich guarantee physical robustness."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A new time quantifiable Monte Carlo method in simulating magnetization\n  reversal process: We propose a new time quantifiable Monte Carlo (MC) method to simulate the\nthermally induced magnetization reversal for an isolated single domain particle\nsystem. The MC method involves the determination of density of states, and the\nuse of Master equation for time evolution. We derive an analytical factor to\nconvert MC steps into real time intervals. Unlike a previous time quantified MC\nmethod, our method is readily scalable to arbitrarily long time scales, and can\nbe repeated for different temperatures with minimal computational effort. Based\non the conversion factor, we are able to make a direct comparison between the\nresults obtained from MC and Langevin dynamics methods, and find excellent\nagreement between them. An analytical formula for the magnetization reversal\ntime is also derived, which agrees very well with both numerical Langevin and\ntime-quantified MC results, over a large temperature range and for parallel and\noblique easy axis orientations.",
        "positive": "Renyi statistics in equilibrium statistical mechanics: The Renyi statistics in the canonical and microcanonical ensembles is\nexamined in the general case and in particular for the ideal gas. In the\nmicrocanonical ensemble the Renyi statistics is equivalent with the\nBoltzmann-Gibbs statistics. By the exact analytical results for the ideal gas,\nit is shown that in the canonical ensemble in the thermodynamic limit the Renyi\nstatistics is also equivalent with the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. Furthermore\nit satisfies the requirements of the equilibrium thermodynamics, i.e. the\nthermodynamical potential of the statistical ensemble is a homogeneous function\nof degree 1 of its extensive variables of state. We conclude that the Renyi\nstatistics duplicates the thermodynamical relations stemming from the\nBoltzmann-Gibbs statistics in the thermodynamical limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical free energy and the Loschmidt-echo for a class of quantum\n  quenches in the Heisenberg spin chain: We consider a class of global quantum quenches in the Heisenberg XXZ spin\nchain, where the initial states are given by products of local two-site states.\nThe two main examples are the N\\'eel state and the dimer state. We derive an\nexact analytic result for the \"Loschmidt echo per site\" at imaginary times and\nalso consider the analytic continuation back to real times. As a by-product we\nobtain an exact result for the \"overlap per site\" between the N\\'eel state and\nthe ground state of the XXZ Hamiltonian in the massive regime.",
        "positive": "Correlation Time Scales in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Model: We investigate the dynamical behavior of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick mean\nfield model of spin glasses by numerical simulation. All the time scales tau we\nhave measured behave like ln(tau) propto N^epsilon, where N is the number of\nspins and epsilon \\simeq 1/3. This is true whether the autocorrelation function\nused to define tau is sensitive to the full reversal of the system or not."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymmetry in crystal facet dynamics of homoepitaxy by a continuum model: In the absence of external material deposition, crystal surfaces usually\nrelax to become flat by decreasing their free energy. We study an asymmetry in\nthe relaxation of macroscopic plateaus, facets, of a periodic surface\ncorrugation in 1+1 dimensions via a continuum model below the roughening\ntransition temperature. The model invokes a highly degenerate parabolic partial\ndifferential equation (PDE) for surface diffusion, which is related to the\nweighted-$H^{-1}$ (nonlinear) gradient flow of a convex, singular surface free\nenergy in homoepitaxy. The PDE is motivated both by an atomistic broken-bond\nmodel and a mesoscale model for steps. By constructing an explicit solution to\nthe PDE, we demonstrate the lack of symmetry in the evolution of top and bottom\nfacets in periodic surface profiles. Our explicit, analytical solution is\ncompared to numerical simulations of the PDE via a regularized surface free\nenergy.",
        "positive": "Collective Chaos Induced by Structures of Complex Networks: Mapping a complex network of $N$coupled identical oscillators to a quantum\nsystem, the nearest neighbor level spacing (NNLS) distribution is used to\nidentify collective chaos in the corresponding classical dynamics on the\ncomplex network. The classical dynamics on an Erdos-Renyi network with the\nwiring probability $p_{ER} \\le \\frac{1}{N}$ is in the state of collective\norder, while that on an Erdos-Renyi network with $p_{ER} > \\frac{1}{N}$ in the\nstate of collective chaos. The dynamics on a WS Small-world complex network\nevolves from collective order to collective chaos rapidly in the region of the\nrewiring probability $p_r \\in [0.0,0.1]$, and then keeps chaotic up to $p_r =\n1.0$. The dynamics on a Growing Random Network (GRN) is in a special state\ndeviates from order significantly in a way opposite to that on WS small-world\nnetworks. Each network can be measured by a couple values of two parameters\n$(\\beta ,\\eta)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Investigating the nonequilibrium aspects of long-range Potts model:\n  refinement of critical temperatures and raw exponents: In this work, we analyse the $q-$state Potts model with long-range\ninteractions through nonequilibrium scaling relations commonly used when\nstudying short-range systems. We determine the critical temperature via an\noptimization method for short-time Monte Carlo simulations. The study takes\ninto consideration two different boundary conditions and three different values\nof range parameters of the couplings. We also present estimates of some\ncritical exponents, named as raw exponents for systems with long-range\ninteractions, which confirm the non-universal character of the model. Finally,\nwe provide some preliminary results addressing the relations between the raw\nexponents and the exponents obtained for systems with short-range interactions.\nThe results assert that the methods employed in this work are suitable to study\nthe considered model and can easily be adapted to other systems with long-range\ninteractions.",
        "positive": "Time- and ensemble-average statistical mechanics of the Gaussian Network\n  Model: We present analytical results (up to a numerical diagonalization of a real\nsymmetric matrix) for a set of time- and ensemble-average physical observables\nin the non-Hookean Gaussian Network Model (GNM) - a generalization of the Rouse\nmodel to elastic networks with links with a certain degree of extensional and\nrotational stiffness. We focus on a set of coarse-grained observables that may\nbe of interest in the analysis of GNM in the context of internal motions in\nproteins and mechanical frames in contact with a heat bath. A C++ computer code\nis made available that implements all analytical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computer simulation of fluid phase transitions: The task of accurately locating fluid phase boundaries by means of computer\nsimulation is hampered by problems associated with sampling both coexisting\nphases in a single simulation run. We explain the physical background to these\nproblems and describe how they can be tackled using a synthesis of biased Monte\nCarlo sampling and histogram extrapolation methods, married to a standard fluid\nsimulation algorithm. It is demonstrated that the combined approach provides a\npowerful method for tracing fluid phase boundaries.",
        "positive": "Thermally Activated Fracture of Porous Media: The lifetime of a porous media, submitted to a constant subcritical stress,\nis studied by means of a numerical model. This model is based on a spring\nnetwork where the porosity is represented by missing springs. The dynamics is\nproduced adding thermal fluctuations in spring forces. The lifetime predicted\nby the models are compared to experimental data of delayed fracture of porous\nmedia submitted to three-point flexion fracture experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal melting of discrete time crystals: a dynamical phase transition\n  induced by thermal fluctuations: The stability of a discrete time crystal against thermal fluctuations has\nbeen studied numerically by solving a stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert\nequation of a periodically-driven classical system composed of interacting\nspins, each of which couples to a thermal bath. It is shown that in the\nthermodynamic limit, even though the long-range temporary crystalline order is\nstable at low temperature, it is melting above a critical temperature, at which\nthe system experiences a non-equilibrium phase transition. The critical\nbehaviors of the continuous phase transition have been systematically\ninvestigated, and it is shown that despite the genuine non-equilibrium feature\nof such a periodically driven system, its critical properties fall into the 3D\nIsing universality class with a dynamical exponent ($z=2$) identical to that in\nthe critical dynamics of kinetic Ising model without driving.",
        "positive": "Planar quantum quenches: Computation of exact time-dependent correlation\n  functions at large $N$: We study a quantum quench of an integrable quantum field theory in the planar\ninfinite-$N$ limit. Unlike isovector-valued $O(N)$ models, matrix-valued field\ntheories in the infinite-$N$ limit are not solvable by the Hartre-Fock\napproximation, and are nontrivial interacting theories. We study quenches with\ninitial states that are color-charge neutral, correspond to\nintegrability-preserving boundary conditions, and that lead to nontrivial\ncorrelation functions of operators. We compute exactly at infinite $N$, the\ntime-dependent one- and two-point correlation functions of the energy-momentum\ntensor and renormalized field operator after this quench using known exact form\nfactors. This computation can be done fully analytically, due the simplicity of\nthe initial state and the form factors in the planar limit. We also show that\nthis type of quench preserves factorizability at all times, allows for particle\ntransmission from the pre-quench state, while still having nontrivial\ninteracting post-quench dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarsening Kinetics of a Two Dimensional O(2) Ginzburg-Landau Model:\n  Effect of Reversible Mode Coupling: We investigate, via numerical simulations, the phase ordering kinetics of a\ntwo- dimensional soft-spin O(2) Ginzburg-Landau model when a reversible mode\ncou- pling is included via the conserved conjugate momentum of the spin order\nparameter (the model E). Coarsening of the system, when quenched from a dis-\nordered state to zero temperature, is observed to be enhanced by the existence\nof the mode coupling terms. The growth of the characteristic length scale L(t)\nexhibits an effective super-diffusive growth exponent that can be interpreted\nas a positive logarithmic-like correction to a diffusive growth, i.e., L(t) ~\n(t ln t)^{1/2}. In order to understand this behavior, we introduced a simple\nphenomenological model of coarsening based on the annihilation dynamics of a\nvortex-antivortex pair, incorporating the effect of vortex inertia and\nlogarithmically divergent mobility of the vortex. With a suitable choice of the\nparameters, numerical solutions of the simple model can fit the full simulation\nresults very adequately. The effective growth exponent in the early time stage\nis larger due to the effect of the vortex inertia, which crosses over into late\ntime stage characterized by positive logarithmic correction to a diffusive\ngrowth. We also investigated the non-equilibrium autocorrelation function from\nwhich the so called {\\lambda} exponent can be extracted. We get {\\lambda} =\n1.99(2) which is distinctively larger than the value of {\\lambda} = 1.17 for\nthe purely dissipative model-A dynamics of non-conserved O(2) models.",
        "positive": "One dimensional phase-ordering in the Ising model with space decaying\n  interactions: The study of the phase ordering kinetics of the ferromagnetic one-dimensional\nIsing model dates back to 1963 for non conserved order parameter (NCOP) and to\n1991 for conserved order parameter (COP). The case of long range interactions\n$J(r)$ has been widely studied at equilibrium but their effect on relaxation is\na much less investigated field. Here we make a detailed numerical and\nanalytical study of both cases, NCOP and COP. Many results are valid for any\npositive, decreasing coupling $J(r)$, but we focus specifically on the\nexponential case, $J_{exp}(r)=e^{-r/R}$ with varying $R>0$, and on the\nintegrable power law case, $J_{pow}(r) =1/r^{1+\\sigma}$ with $\\sigma > 0$. We\nfind that the {\\it asymptotic} growth law $L(t)$ is the usual algebraic one,\n$L(t)\\sim t^{1/z}$, of the corresponding model with nearest neighborg\ninteraction ($z_{NCOP}=2$ and $z_{COP}=3$) for all models except $J_{pow}$ for\nsmall $\\sigma$: in the non conserved case when $\\sigma\\le 1$\n($z_{NCOP}=\\sigma+1$) and in the conserved case when $\\sigma\\to 0^+$\n($z_{COP}=4\\beta+3$, where $\\beta=1/T$ is the inverse of the absolute\ntemperature). The models with space decaying interactions also differ markedly\nfrom the ones with nearest neighbors due to the presence of many long-lasting\npreasymptotic regimes, such as an exponential mean-field behavior with\n$L(t)\\sim e^{t}$, a ballistic one with $L(t)\\sim t$, a slow (logarithmic)\nbehavior $L(t)\\sim \\ln t$ and one with $L(t)\\sim t^{1/\\sigma+1}$. All these\nregimes and their validity ranges have been found analytically and verified in\nnumerical simulations. Our results show that the main effect of the\nconservation law is a strong slowdown of COP dynamics if interactions have an\nextended range. Finally, we compare the Ising model at hand with continuum\napproaches based on a Ginzburg-Landau free energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling Properties of a Parallel Implementation of the Multicanonical\n  Algorithm: The multicanonical method has been proven powerful for statistical\ninvestigations of lattice and off-lattice systems throughout the last two\ndecades. We discuss an intuitive but very efficient parallel implementation of\nthis algorithm and analyze its scaling properties for discrete energy systems,\nnamely the Ising model and the 8-state Potts model. The parallelization relies\non independent equilibrium simulations in each iteration with identical\nweights, merging their statistics in order to obtain estimates for the\nsuccessive weights. With good care, this allows faster investigations of large\nsystems, because it distributes the time-consuming weight-iteration procedure\nand allows parallel production runs. We show that the parallel implementation\nscales very well for the simple Ising model, while the performance of the\n8-state Potts model, which exhibits a first-order phase transition, is limited\ndue to emerging barriers and the resulting large integrated autocorrelation\ntimes. The quality of estimates in parallel production runs remains of the same\norder at same statistical cost.",
        "positive": "A geometric model for cold water and liquid-liquid transitions: Water is an associated liquid in which the main intermolecular interaction is\nthe hydrogen bond (HB) which is limited to four per atom, independently of the\nnumber of neighbours. We have considered a hydrogen bond net superposed on\nBernal's geometric model for liquids, which allows for different local\nenvironments for the liquid particles. In this study, a mean-field treatment of\nthe two-dimensinal version of the model is discussed. Under pressure the model\nexhibits three phases of different densities and a coexistence line ending in a\ncritical point between low and high density phases. Entropy of the HB network\nplays an essential role in defining the slope of the coexistence line. The\nmodel behaviour might be of interest in describing supercooled water and\nliquid-liquid transitions of other substances."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of the anisotropic Heisenberg chain calculated by the\n  density matrix renormalization group method: The density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method is applied to the\nanisotropic Heisenberg chain at finite temperatures. The free energy of the\nsystem is obtained using the quantum transfer matrix which is iteratively\nenlarged in the imaginary time direction. The magnetic susceptibility and the\nspecific heat are calculated down to T=0.01J and compared with the Bethe ansatz\nresults. The agreement including the logarithmic correction in the magnetic\nsusceptibility at the isotropic point is fairly good.",
        "positive": "Magnetic and quantum disordered phases in triangular-lattice Heisenberg\n  antiferromagnets: We study, within the Schwinger-boson approach, the ground-state structure of\ntwo Heisenberg antiferromagnets on the triangular lattice: the J1-J2 model,\nwhich includes a next-nearest-neighbor coupling J2, and the\nspatially-anisotropic J1-J'1 model, in which the nearest-neighbor coupling\ntakes a different value J'1 along one of the bond directions. The motivations\nfor the study of these systems range from general theoretical questions\nconcerning frustrated quantum spin models to the concrete description of the\ninsulating phase of some layered molecular crystals. For both models, the\ninclusion of one-loop corrections to saddle-point results leads to the\nprediction of nonmagnetic phases for particular values of the parameters J1/J2\nand J'1/J1. In the case of the J1-J2 model we shed light on the existence of\nsuch disordered quantum state, a question which is controversial in the\nliterature. For the J1-J'1 model our results for the ground-state energy,\nquantum renormalization of the pitch in the spiral phase, and the location of\nthe nonmagnetic phases, nicely agree with series expansions predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Pulse Shape Scaling Function and Exponents: A Critical Test\n  for Avalanche Models applied to Barkhausen Noise: In order to test if the universal aspects of Barkhausen noise in magnetic\nmaterials can be predicted from recent variants of the non-equilibrium zero\ntemperature Random Field Ising Model (RFIM), we perform a quantitative study of\nthe universal scaling function derived from the\n  Barkhausen pulse shape in simulations and experiment. Through data collapses\nand scaling relations we determine the critical exponents $\\tau$ and\n$1/\\sigma\\nu z$ in both simulation and experiment. Although we find agreement\nin the critical exponents, we find differences between theoretical and\nexperimental pulse shape scaling functions as well as between different\nexperiments.",
        "positive": "Topological effects and conformal invariance in long-range correlated\n  random surfaces: We consider discrete random fractal surfaces with negative Hurst exponent\n$H<0$. A random colouring of the lattice is provided by activating the sites at\nwhich the surface height is greater than a given level $h$. The set of\nactivated sites is usually denoted as the excursion set. The connected\ncomponents of this set, the level clusters, define a one-parameter ($H$) family\nof percolation models with long-range correlation in the site occupation. The\nlevel clusters percolate at a finite value $h=h_c$ and for $H\\leq-\\frac{3}{4}$\nthe phase transition is expected to remain in the same universality class of\nthe pure (i.e. uncorrelated) percolation. For $-\\frac{3}{4}<H< 0$ instead,\nthere is a line of critical points with continously varying exponents. The\nuniversality class of these points, in particular concerning the conformal\ninvariance of the level clusters, is poorly understood. By combining the\nConformal Field Theory and the numerical approach, we provide new insights on\nthese phases. We focus on the connectivity function, defined as the probability\nthat two sites belong to the same level cluster. In our simulations, the\nsurfaces are defined on a lattice torus of size $M\\times N$. We show that the\ntopological effects on the connectivity function make manifest the conformal\ninvariance for all the critical line $H<0$. In particular, exploiting the\nanisotropy of the rectangular torus ($M\\neq N$), we directly test the presence\nof the two components of the traceless stress-energy tensor. Moreover, we probe\nthe spectrum and the structure constants of the underlying Conformal Field\nTheory. Finally, we observed that the corrections to the scaling clearly point\nout a breaking of integrability moving from the pure percolation point to the\nlong-range correlated one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rotor-Router Walk on a Semi-infinite Cylinder: We study the rotor-router walk with the clockwise ordering of outgoing edges\non the semi-infinite cylinder. Imposing uniform conditions on the boundary of\nthe cylinder, we consider growth of the cluster of visited sites and its\ninternal structure. The average width of the surface region of the cluster\nevolves with time to the stationary value by a scaling law whose parameters are\nclose to the standard KPZ exponents. We introduce characteristic labels\ncorresponding to closed clockwise contours formed by rotors and show that the\nsequence of labels has in average an ordered helix structure.",
        "positive": "Off-equilibrium scaling behaviors across first-order transitions: We study off-equilibrium behaviors at first-order transitions (FOTs) driven\nby a time dependence of the temperature across the transition point Tc, such as\nthe linear behavior T(t)/Tc = 1 - t/ts where ts is a time scale. In particular,\nwe investigate the possibility of nontrivial off-equilibrium scaling behaviors\nin the regime of slow changes, corresponding to large ts, analogous to those\narising at continuous transitions, which lead to the so-called Kibble-Zurek\nmechanism.\n  We consider the 2D Potts models which provide an ideal theoretical laboratory\nto investigate issues related to FOTs driven by thermal fluctuations. We put\nforward general ansatzes for off-equilibrium scaling behaviors around the time\nt=0 corresponding to Tc. Then we present numerical results for the q=10 and\nq=20 Potts models. We show that phenomena analogous to the Kibble-Zurek\noff-equilibrium scaling emerge also at FOTs with relaxational dynamics, when\nappropriate boundary conditions are considered, such as mixed boundary\nconditions favoring different phases at the opposite sides of the system, which\nenforce an interface in the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random-matrix behavior of quantum nonintegrable many-body systems with\n  Dyson's three symmetries: We propose a one-dimensional nonintegrable spin model with local interactions\nthat covers Dyson's three symmetry classes (classes A, AI, and AII) depending\non the values of parameters. We show that the nearest-neighbor spacing\ndistribution in each of these classes agrees with that of random matrices with\nthe corresponding symmetry. By investigating the ratios between the standard\ndeviations of diagonal and off-diagonal matrix elements, we numerically find\nthat they become universal, depending only on symmetries of the Hamiltonian and\nan observable, as predicted by random matrix theory. These universal ratios are\nevaluated from long-time dynamics of small isolated quantum systems.",
        "positive": "Extinction of an infectious disease: a large fluctuation in a\n  non-equilibrium system: We develop a theory of first passage processes in stochastic non-equilibrium\nsystems of birth-death type using two closely related epidemiological models as\nexamples. Our method employs the probability generating function technique in\nconjunction with the eikonal approximation. In this way the problem is reduced\nto finding the optimal path to extinction: a heteroclinic trajectory of an\neffective multi-dimensional classical Hamiltonian system. We compute this\ntrajectory and mean extinction time of the disease numerically and uncover a\nnon-monotone, spiral path to extinction of a disease. We also obtain analytical\nresults close to a bifurcation point, where the problem is described by a\nHamiltonian previously identified in one-species population models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The mean and variance of the distribution of shortest path lengths of\n  random regular graphs: The distribution of shortest path lengths (DSPL) of random networks provides\nuseful information on their large scale structure. In the special case of\nrandom regular graphs (RRGs), which consist of $N$ nodes of degree $c \\ge 3$,\nthe DSPL, denoted by $P(L=\\ell)$, follows a discrete Gompertz distribution.\nUsing the discrete Laplace transform we derive a closed-form expression for the\nmoment generating function of the DSPL of RRGs. From the moment generating\nfunction we obtain closed-form expressions for the mean and variance of the\nDSPL. More specifically, we find that the mean distance between pairs of\ndistinct nodes is given by $\\langle L \\rangle = \\frac{\\ln N}{\\ln (c-1)} +\n\\frac{1}{2} - \\frac{ \\ln c - \\ln (c-2) +\\gamma}{\\ln (c-1)} + \\mathcal{O} \\left(\n\\frac{\\ln N}{N} \\right)$, where $\\gamma$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant.\nWhile the leading term is known, this result includes a novel correction term,\nwhich yields very good agreement with the results obtained from direct\nnumerical evaluation of $\\langle L \\rangle$ via the tail-sum formula and with\nthe results obtained from computer simulations. However, it does not account\nfor an oscillatory behavior of $\\langle L \\rangle$ as a function of $c$ or $N$.\nThese oscillations are negligible in sparse networks but detectable in dense\nnetworks. We also derive an expression for the variance ${\\rm Var}(L)$ of the\nDSPL, which captures the overall dependence of the variance on $c$ but does not\naccount for the oscillations. The oscillations are due to the discrete nature\nof the shell structure around a random node. They reflect the profile of the\nfilling of new shells as $N$ is increased. The results for the mean and\nvariance are compared to the corresponding results obtained in other types of\nrandom networks. The relation between the mean distance and the diameter is\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Linear response theory and transient fluctuation theorems for diffusion\n  processes: a backward point of view: On the basis of perturbed Kolmogorov backward equations and path integral\nrepresentation, we unify the derivations of the linear response theory and\ntransient fluctuation theorems for continuous diffusion processes from a\nbackward point of view. We find that a variety of transient fluctuation\ntheorems could be interpreted as a consequence of a generalized\nChapman-Kolmogorov equation, which intrinsically arises from the Markovian\ncharacteristic of diffusion processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective interactions and large deviations in stochastic processes: We discuss the relationships between large deviations in stochastic systems,\nand \"effective interactions\" that induce particular rare events. We focus on\nthe nature of these effective interactions in physical systems with many\ninteracting degrees of freedom, which we illustrate by reviewing several recent\nstudies. We describe the connections between effective interactions, large\ndeviations at \"level 2.5\", and the theory of optimal control. Finally, we\ndiscuss possible physical applications of variational results associated with\nthose theories.",
        "positive": "Study of non-equilibrium Green's functions beyond Born approximation in\n  open quantum systems: We provide a systematic approach to compute different kinds of\nnon-equilibrium Green's functions for open quantum systems which are\nessentially two-point correlation functions in time. We reveal that the\ndefinition of Green's functions based on the Born approximation does not\nprovide the correct results in the leading order of the system-bath coupling.\nWe next provide a systematic correction term in Green's functions by going\nbeyond the Born approximation and incorporating a finite correlation between\nthe system and the bath. We primarily focus on two paradigmatic models of open\nquantum systems, namely, the dissipative Caldeira-Leggett model and the\ndissipative spin-boson model. We show that the inclusion of such a correction\ncorrectly reproduces the Kadanoff-Baym type equation for the so-called lesser\nor greater components of the Green's functions and provides the correct\nlong-time result up to the first non-zero order of the system-bath coupling,\nsatisfying the detailed balance condition in thermal equilibrium. We further\nextend our study to a system coupled to multiple reservoirs simultaneously that\nare maintained at different temperatures and obtain expressions for\nnon-equilibrium steady-state energy current, once again correct up to the first\nnon-zero order of the system-bath coupling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aspects of the disordered harmonic chain: We discuss the driven harmonic chain with fixed boundary conditions subject\nto weak coupling strength disorder. We discuss the evaluation of the Liapunov\nexponent in some detail expanding on the dynamical system theory approach by\nLevi et al. We show that including mass disorder the mass and coupling strength\ndisorder can be combined in a renormalised mass disorder. We review the method\nof Dhar regarding the disorder-averaged heat current, apply the approach to the\ndisorder-averaged large deviation function and finally comment on the validity\nof the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem. The paper is also intended as an\nintroduction to the field and includes detailed calculations.",
        "positive": "Stochastic threshold in cell size control: Classic models of cell size control consider cells divide while reaching a\nthreshold, e.g. size, age, or size extension. The molecular basis of the\nthreshold involves multiple layers of regulation as well as gene noises. In\nthis work, we study cell cycle as first-passage problem with stochastic\nthreshold and discover such stochasticity affects the inter-division\nstatistics, which bewilders the criteria to distinguish the types of size\ncontrol models. The analytic results show the autocorrelation in the threshold\ncan drive a sizer model to the adder-like and even timer-like inter-division\nstatistics, which is supported by simulations. Following the picture that the\nautocorrelation in the threshold can propagate to the inter-division\nstatistics, we further show that the adder model can be driven to the\ntimer-like one by positive autocorrelated threshold, and even to the sizer-like\none when the threshold is negatively autocorrelated. This work highlights the\nimportance to examine gene noise in size control."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rare region effects at classical, quantum, and non-equilibrium phase\n  transitions: Rare regions, i.e., rare large spatial disorder fluctuations, can\ndramatically change the properties of a phase transition in a quenched\ndisordered system. In generic classical equilibrium systems, they lead to an\nessential singularity, the so-called Griffiths singularity, of the free energy\nin the vicinity of the phase transition. Stronger effects can be observed at\nzero-temperature quantum phase transitions, at nonequilibrium phase\ntransitions, and in systems with correlated disorder. In some cases, rare\nregions can actually completely destroy the sharp phase transition by smearing.\n  This topical review presents a unifying framework for rare region effects at\nweakly disordered classical, quantum, and nonequilibrium phase transitions\nbased on the effective dimensionality of the rare regions. Explicit examples\ninclude disordered classical Ising and Heisenberg models, insulating and\nmetallic random quantum magnets, and the disordered contact process.",
        "positive": "Hierarchical hydrodynamics in long-range multipole-conserving systems: This work investigates the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of dipole and\nhigher-moment conserving systems with long-range interactions, drawing\ninspiration from trapped ion experiments in strongly tilted potentials. We\nintroduce a hierarchical sequence of multipole-conserving models characterized\nby power-law decaying couplings. Although the moments are always globally\nconserved, adjusting the power-law exponents of the couplings induces various\nregimes in which only a subset of multipole moments are effectively locally\nconserved. We examine the late-time hydrodynamics analytically and numerically\nusing an effective classical framework, uncovering a rich dynamical phase\ndiagram that includes subdiffusion, conventional diffusion, and L\\'evy flights.\nOur results are unified in an analytic reciprocal relationship that captures\nthe nested hierarchy of hydrodynamics in multipole conserving systems where\nonly a subset of the moments are locally conserved. Moreover, we extend our\nfindings to higher dimensions and explore the emergence of long-time scales,\nreminiscent of pre-thermal regimes, in systems with low charge density. Lastly,\nwe corroborate our results through state-of-the-art numerical simulations of a\nfully quantum long-range dipole-conserving system and discuss their relevance\nto trapped-ion experimental setups."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical scaling in standard biased random walks: The spatial coverage produced by a single discrete-time random walk, with\nasymmetric jump probability $p\\neq 1/2$ and non-uniform steps, moving on an\ninfinite one-dimensional lattice is investigated. Analytical calculations are\ncomplemented with Monte Carlo simulations. We show that, for appropriate step\nsizes, the model displays a critical phenomenon, at $p=p_c$. Its scaling\nproperties as well as the main features of the fragmented coverage occurring in\nthe vicinity of the critical point are shown. In particular, in the limit $p\\to\np_c$, the distribution of fragment lengths is scale-free, with nontrivial\nexponents. Moreover, the spatial distribution of cracks (unvisited sites)\ndefines a fractal set over the spanned interval. Thus, from the perspective of\nthe covered territory, a very rich critical phenomenology is revealed in a\nsimple one-dimensional standard model.",
        "positive": "Magneto-Ferroelectric Interaction in Superlattices: Monte Carlo Study of\n  Phase Transitions: We study in this paper the phase transition in superlattices formed by\nalternate magnetic and ferroelectric layers, by the use of Monte Carlo\nsimulation. We study effects of temperature, external magnetic and electric\nfields, magnetoelectric coupling at the interfaceon the phase transition.\nMagnetic layers in this work are modeled as thin films of simple cubic lattice\nwith Heisenbergspins. Electrical polarizations of $\\pm{1}$ are assigned at\nsimple cubic lattice sites in the ferroelectric layers. The transition\ntemperature, the layer magnetizations, the layer polarizations, the\nsusceptibility, the internal energy, the interface magnetization and\npolarization are calculated.The layer magnetizations and polarizations as\nfunctions of temperature are shown for various coupling interactions and field\nvalues.Mean-field theory is also presented and compared to MC results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Translation constraints on quantum phases with twisted boundary\n  conditions: Bulk properties of quantum phases should be independent of a specific choice\nof boundary conditions as long as the boundary respects the symmetries. Based\non this physically reasonable requirement, we discuss the\nLieb-Schultz-Mattis-type ingappability in two-dimensional quantum magnets under\na boundary condition that makes evident a quantum anomaly underlying the\nlattice system. In particular, we direct our attention to those on the\ncheckerboard lattice which are closely related to frustrated quantum magnets on\nthe square lattice and on the Shastry-Sutherland lattice. Our discussion is\nfocused on the adiabatic U(1) flux insertion through a closed path in a\nboundary condition twisted by a spatial rotation and a reflection.\nTwo-dimensional systems in this boundary condition are effectively put on a\nnonorientable space, namely the Klein bottle. We show that the translation\nsymmetry on the Klein-bottle space excludes the possibility of the unique and\ngapped ground state. Taking advantage of the flux insertion argument, we also\ndiscuss the ground-state degeneracy on magnetization plateaus of the Heisenberg\nantiferromagnet on the checkerboard lattice.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium behavior in a nonequilibrium system: Ising-doped voter model\n  on complete graph: While the Ising model belongs to the realm of equilibrium statistical\nmechanics, the voter model is an example of a nonequilibrium system. We examine\nan opinion formation model, which is a mixture of Ising and voter agents with\nconcentrations $p$ and $1-p$, respectively. Although in our model for $p<1$ a\ndetailed balance is violated, on a complete graph the average magnetization in\nthe stationary state for any $p>0$ is shown to satisfy the same equation as for\nthe pure Ising model ($p=1$). Numerical simulations confirm such a behavior,\nbut the equivalence with the pure Ising model apparently holds only for\nmagnetization. Susceptibility in our model diverges at the temperature at which\nmagnetization vanishes, but its values depend on the concentration~$p$.\nSimulations on a random graph also show that a small concentration of Ising\nagents is sufficient to induce a ferromagnetic ordering."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How order melts after quantum quenches: Injecting a sufficiently large energy density into an isolated many-particle\nsystem prepared in a state with long-range order will lead to the melting of\nthe order over time. Detailed information about this process can be derived\nfrom the quantum mechanical probability distribution of the order parameter. We\nstudy this process for the paradigmatic case of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg XXZ\nchain. We determine the full quantum mechanical distribution function of the\nstaggered subsystem magnetization as a function of time after a quantum quench\nfrom the classical N\\'eel state. This provides a detailed picture of how the\nN\\'eel order melts and reveals the existence of an interesting regime at\nintermediate times that is characterized by a very broad probability\ndistribution.",
        "positive": "Microscopic Models of Financial Markets: Submitted to F. Schweitzer (ed.), Microscopic Models for Economic Dynamics,\n  Lecture notes in physics, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg 2002.kiel.tex"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical phenomena in the bifurcation line's perspective: On the phase diagram of a system undergoing a continuous phase transition of\nthe second order, three lines, hyper-surfaces, convergent into the critical\npoint feature prominently: the ordered and disordered phases in the\nthermodynamic limit, and a third line, extending into a domain of finite-size\nsystems, defined by the bifurcation of the distribution of the order parameter.\nUnlike critical phenomena in the thermodynamic limit devoid of known\nthermodynamic potential and described rather by the conformal symmetry, in\nfinite-size systems near the bifurcation line an explicit Hamiltonian for the\nzero-mode of the order parameter is found. It bears the impress of the\nuniversality class of the critical point in terms of the two critical\nexponents: $\\beta$ and $\\nu$.",
        "positive": "Joint probability distributions and fluctuation theorems: We derive various exact results for Markovian systems that spontaneously\nrelax to a non-equilibrium steady-state by using joint probability\ndistributions symmetries of different entropy production decompositions. The\nanalytical approach is applied to diverse problems such as the description of\nthe fluctuations induced by experimental errors, for unveiling symmetries of\ncorrelation functions appearing in fluctuation-dissipation relations recently\ngeneralised to non-equilibrium steady-states, and also for mapping averages\nbetween different trajectory-based dynamical ensembles. Many known fluctuation\ntheorems arise as special instances of our approach, for particular two-fold\ndecompositions of the total entropy production. As a complement, we also\nbriefly review and synthesise the variety of fluctuation theorems applying to\nstochastic dynamics of both, continuous systems described by a Langevin\ndynamics and discrete systems obeying a Markov dynamics, emphasising how these\nresults emerge from distinct symmetries of the dynamical entropy of the\ntrajectory followed by the system For Langevin dynamics, we embed the \"dual\ndynamics\" with a physical meaning, and for Markov systems we show how the\nfluctuation theorems translate into symmetries of modified evolution operators."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analysis of quantum spin models on hyperbolic lattices and Bethe lattice: The quantum XY, Heisenberg, and transverse field Ising models on hyperbolic\nlattices are studied by means of the Tensor Product Variational Formulation\nalgorithm. The lattices are constructed by tessellation of congruent polygons\nwith coordination number equal to four. The calculated ground-state energies of\nthe XY and Heisenberg models and the phase transition magnetic field of the\nIsing model on the series of lattices are used to estimate the corresponding\nquantities of the respective models on the Bethe lattice. The hyperbolic\nlattice geometry induces the mean-field-like universality of the models. The\nambition to obtain results on the non-Euclidean lattice geometries has been\nmotivated by theoretical studies of the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory\ncorrespondence.",
        "positive": "Collective behaviour without collective order in wild swarms of midges: Collective behaviour is a widespread phenomenon in biology, cutting through a\nhuge span of scales, from cell colonies up to bird flocks and fish schools. The\nmost prominent trait of collective behaviour is the emergence of global order:\nindividuals synchronize their states, giving the stunning impression that the\ngroup behaves as one. In many biological systems, though, it is unclear whether\nglobal order is present. A paradigmatic case is that of insect swarms, whose\nerratic movements seem to suggest that group formation is a mere epiphenomenon\nof the independent interaction of each individual with an external landmark. In\nthese cases, whether or not the group behaves truly collectively is debated.\nHere, we experimentally study swarms of midges in the field and measure how\nmuch the change of direction of one midge affects that of other individuals. We\ndiscover that, despite the lack of collective order, swarms display very strong\ncorrelations, totally incompatible with models of noninteracting particles. We\nfind that correlation increases sharply with the swarm's density, indicating\nthat the interaction between midges is based on a metric perception mechanism.\nBy means of numerical simulations we demonstrate that such growing correlation\nis typical of a system close to an ordering transition. Our findings suggest\nthat correlation, rather than order, is the true hallmark of collective\nbehaviour in biological systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Geometry of Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations in Chemical Reaction\n  Networks: Recently, Hessian geometry - an extension of information geometry - has\nemerged as a framework to naturally connect the geometries appearing in the\ntheory of chemical reaction networks (CRN) to their inherent thermodynamical\nand kinetic properties. This framework is used in this letter to derive\nmultivariate thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TUR) for CRN. The matrices\nfeatured in the TUR are shown to be representations of Riemmanian metric\ntensors, whereby one tensor characterizes the pseudo entropy production rate\nand the other the current fluctuations. It is shown that the latter tensor is a\nrestriction of the former one to a linear subspace in the flux tangent space.\nTherefore, in addition to clarifying the geometric origin of TUR in CRN, the\nHessian geometric setup yields a characterization of the error term in the TUR\nas the norm of a linear subspace component of the flux vector and thus\ncharacterizes the fluxes where TUR become equalities.",
        "positive": "On the way towards a generalized entropy maximization procedure: We propose a generalized entropy maximization procedure, which takes into\naccount the generalized averaging procedures and information gain definitions\nunderlying the generalized entropies. This novel generalized procedure is then\napplied to Renyi and Tsallis entropies. The generalized entropy maximization\nprocedure for Renyi entropies results in the exponential stationary\ndistribution asymptotically for q is between [0,1] in contrast to the\nstationary distribution of the inverse power law obtained through the ordinary\nentropy maximization procedure. Another result of the generalized entropy\nmaximization procedure is that one can naturally obtain all the possible\nstationary distributions associated with the Tsallis entropies by employing\neither ordinary or q-generalized Fourier transforms in the averaging procedure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random-matrix perspective on many-body entanglement with a finite\n  localization length: We provide a simple and predictive random-matrix framework that naturally\ngeneralizes Page's law for ergodic many-body systems by incorporating a finite\nentanglement localization length. By comparing a highly structured\none-dimensional model to a completely unstructured model and a physical system,\nwe uncover a remarkable degree of universality, suggesting that the effective\nlocalization length is a universal combination of model parameters up until it\ndrops down to the microscopic scale.",
        "positive": "Local height probabilities in a composite Andrews-Baxter-Forrester model: We study the local height probabilities in a composite height model, derived\nfrom the restricted solid-on-solid model introduced by Andrews, Baxter and\nForrester, and their connection with conformal field theory characters. The\nobtained conformal field theories also describe the critical behavior of the\nmodel at two different critical points. In addition, at criticality, the model\nis equivalent to a one-dimensional chain of anyons, subject to competing two-\nand three-body interactions. The anyonic-chain interpretation provided the\noriginal motivation to introduce the composite height model, and by obtaining\nthe critical behaviour of the composite height model, the critical behaviour of\nthe anyonic chains is established as well. Depending on the overall sign of the\nhamiltonian, this critical behaviour is described by a diagonal coset-model,\ngeneralizing the minimal models for one sign, and by Fateev-Zamolodchikov\nparafermions for the other."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Criticality in Random Threshold Networks: Annealed Approximation and\n  Beyond: Random Threshold Networks with sparse, asymmetric connections show complex\ndynamical behavior similar to Random Boolean Networks, with a transition from\nordered to chaotic dynamics at a critical average connectivity $K_c$. In this\ntype of model - contrary to Boolean Networks - propagation of local\nperturbations (damage) depends on the in-degree of the sites. $K_c$ is\ndetermined analytically, using an annealed approximation, and the results are\nconfirmed by numerical simulations. It is shown that the statistical\ndistributions of damage spreading near the percolation transition obey\npower-laws, and dynamical correlations between active network clusters become\nmaximal. We investigate the effect of local damage suppression at highly\nconnected nodes for networks with scale-free in-degree distributions. Possible\nrelations of our findings to properties of real-world networks, like robustness\nand non-trivial degree-distributions, are discussed.",
        "positive": "Magnetoelastic properties of a spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg diamond chain\n  in vicinity of a triple coexistence point: We study magnetoelastic properties of a spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg diamond\nchain, whose elementary unit cell consists of two decorating Heisenberg spins\nand one nodal Ising spin. It is assumed that each couple of the decorating\natoms including the Heisenberg spins harmonically vibrates perpendicularly to\nthe chain axis, while the nodal atoms involving the Ising spins are placed at\nrigid positions when ignoring their lattice vibrations. An effect of the\nmagnetoelastic coupling on a ground state and finite-temperature properties is\nparticularly investigated close to a triple coexistence point depending on a\nspring-stiffness constant ascribed to the Heisenberg interaction. The\nmagnetoelastic nature of the Heisenberg dimers is reflected through a non-null\nplateau of the entropy emergent in a low-temperature region, whereas the\nspecific heat displays an anomalous peak slightly below the temperature region\ncorresponding to the entropy plateau. The magnetization also exhibits a plateau\nin the same temperature region at almost saturated value before it gradually\ntends to zero upon increasing of temperature. The magnetic susceptibility\ndisplays within the plateau region an inverse temperature dependence, which\nslightly drops above this plateau, whereas an inverse temperature dependence is\nrepeatedly recovered at high enough temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Diagram of Traffic States in the Presence of Inhomogeneities: We present a phase diagram of the different kinds of congested traffic that\nare triggered by disturbances when passing ramps or other spatial\ninhomogeneities of a freeway. The simulation results obtained by the nonlocal,\ngas-kinetic-based traffic model are in good agreement with empirical findigs.\nThey allow to understand the observed trasitions between free and various kinds\nof congested traffic, among them localized clusters, stop-and-go waves, and\ndifferent types of ``synchronized'' traffic. The proposed conditions for the\nexistence of these states suggest that the phase diagram is universal for a\nclass of different microscopic and macroscopic traffic models.",
        "positive": "Bunching Dynamics of Buses in a Loop: Bus bunching is a curse of transportation systems such as buses in a loop.\nHere we present an analytical method to find the number of revolutions before\ntwo buses bunch in an idealised system, as a function of the initial distance\nand the crowdedness of the bus stops. We can also characterise the average\nwaiting time for passengers as the buses bunch. The results give a better\nunderstanding of the phenomenon of bus bunching and design recommendations for\nbus loops."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian bridges for late time asymptotics of KPZ fluctuations in finite\n  volume: Height fluctuations are studied in the one-dimensional totally asymmetric\nsimple exclusion process with periodic boundaries, with a focus on how late\ntime relaxation towards the non-equilibrium steady state depends on the initial\ncondition. Using a reformulation of the matrix product representation for the\ndominant eigenstate, the statistics of the height at large scales is expressed,\nfor arbitrary initial conditions, in terms of extremal values of independent\nstandard Brownian bridges. Comparison with earlier exact Bethe ansatz\nasymptotics leads to explicit conjectures for some conditional probabilities of\nnon-intersecting Brownian bridges with exponentially distributed distances\nbetween the endpoints.",
        "positive": "Six-loop $\\varepsilon$ expansion study of three-dimensional $n$-vector\n  model with cubic anisotropy: The six-loop expansions of the renormalization-group functions of $\\varphi^4$\n$n$-vector model with cubic anisotropy are calculated within the minimal\nsubtraction (MS) scheme in $4 - \\varepsilon$ dimensions. The $\\varepsilon$\nexpansions for the cubic fixed point coordinates, critical exponents\ncorresponding to the cubic universality class and marginal order parameter\ndimensionality $n_c$ separating different regimes of critical behavior are\npresented. Since the $\\varepsilon$ expansions are divergent numerical estimates\nof the quantities of interest are obtained employing proper resummation\ntechniques. The numbers found are compared with their counterparts obtained\nearlier within various field-theoretical approaches and by lattice\ncalculations. In particular, our analysis of $n_c$ strengthens the existing\narguments in favor of stability of the cubic fixed point in the physical case\n$n = 3$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deviations from Wick's theorem in the canonical ensemble: Wick's theorem for the expectation values of products of field operators for\na system of noninteracting fermions or bosons plays an important role in the\nperturbative approach to the quantum many body problem. A finite temperature\nversion holds in the framework of the grand canonical ensemble but not for the\ncanonical ensemble appropriate for systems with fixed particle number like\nultracold quantum gases in optical lattices. Here we present new formulas for\nexpectation values of products of field operators in the canonical ensemble\nusing a method in the spirit of Gaudin's proof of Wick's theorem for the grand\ncanonical case. The deviations from Wick's theorem are examined quantitatively\nfor two simple models of noninteracting fermions.",
        "positive": "Stochastic processes with Z_N symmetry and complex Virasoro\n  representations. The partition functions: In a previous Letter (J. Phys. A v.47 (2014) 212003) we have presented\nnumerical evidence that a Hamiltonian expressed in terms of the generators of\nthe periodic Temperley-Lieb algebra has, in the finite-size scaling limit, a\nspectrum given by representations of the Virasoro algebra with complex highest\nweights. This Hamiltonian defines a stochastic process with a Z_N symmetry. We\ngive here analytical expressions for the partition functions for this system\nwhich confirm the numerics. For N even, the Hamiltonian has a symmetry which\nmakes the spectrum doubly degenerate leading to two independent stochastic\nprocesses. The existence of a complex spectrum leads to an oscillating approach\nto the stationary state. This phenomenon is illustrated by an example."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simulation of Magnetization Switching in Nanoparticle Systems: Magnetization reversal in magnetic nanostructures is investigated numerically\nover time-scales ranging from fast switching processes on a picosecond scale to\nthermally activated reversal on a microsecond time-scale. A simulation of the\nstochastic Landau-Lifshitz equation of motion is used as well as a time\nquantified Monte Carlo method for the simulation of classical spin systems\nmodeling magnetic Co nanoparticles. For field pulses larger than the\nStoner-Wohlfarth limit spin precession effects govern the reversal behavior of\nthe particle while for lower fields a magnetization reversal is only possible\nwhen it is assisted by thermal fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Segregation induced by inelasticity in a vibrofluidized granular mixture: We investigate the segregation of a dense binary mixture of granular\nparticles that only differ in their restitution coefficient. The mixture is\nvertically vibrated in the presence of gravity. We find a partial segregation\nof the species, where most dissipative particles submerge in the less\ndissipative ones. The segregation occurs even if one type of the particles is\nelastic. In order to have a complete description of the system, we study the\nstructure of the fluid at microscopic scale (few particle diameters). The\ndensity and temperature pair distribution functions show strong enhancements\nrespect the equilibrium ones at the same density. In particular, there is an\nincrease in the probability that the more inelastic particles group together in\npairs (microsegregation). Microscopically the segregation is buoyancy driven,\nby the appearance of a dense and cold region around the more inelastic\nparticles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crumpling transition of the triangular lattice without open edges:\n  effect of a modified folding rule: Folding of the triangular lattice in a discrete three-dimensional space is\ninvestigated by means of the transfer-matrix method. This model was introduced\nby Bowick and co-workers as a discretized version of the polymerized membrane\nin thermal equilibrium. The folding rule (constraint) is incompatible with the\nperiodic-boundary condition, and the simulation has been made under the\nopen-boundary condition. In this paper, we propose a modified constraint, which\nis compatible with the periodic-boundary condition; technically, the\nrestoration of translational invariance leads to a substantial reduction of the\ntransfer-matrix size. Treating the cluster sizes L \\le 7, we analyze the\nsingularities of the crumpling transitions for a wide range of the bending\nrigidity K. We observe a series of the crumpling transitions at K=0.206(2),\n-0.32(1), and -0.76(10). At each transition point, we estimate the latent heat\nas Q=0.356(30), 0.08(3), and 0.05(5), respectively.",
        "positive": "Exact results for the Barabasi queuing model: Previous works on the queuing model introduced by Barab\\'asi to account for\nthe heavy tailed distributions of the temporal patterns found in many human\nactivities mainly concentrate on the extremal dynamics case and on lists of\nonly two items. Here we obtain exact results for the general case with\narbitrary values of the list length $L$ and of the degree of randomness that\ninterpolates between the deterministic and purely random limits. The\nstatistically fundamental quantities are extracted from the solution of master\nequations. From this analysis, new scaling features of the model are uncovered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations of two-time quantities and non-linear response functions: We study the fluctuations of the autocorrelation and autoresponse functions\nand, in particular, their variances and co-variance. In a first general part of\nthe Article, we show the equivalence of the variance of the response function\nwith the second-order susceptibility of a composite operator, and we derive an\nequilibrium fluctuation-dissipation theorem beyond-linear order relating it to\nthe other variances. In a second part of the paper we apply the formalism to\nthe study to non-disordered ferromagnets, in equilibrium or in the coarsening\nkinetics following a critical or sub-critical quench. We show numerically that\nthe variances and the non-linear susceptibility obey scaling with respect to\nthe coherence length $\\xi$ in equilibrium, and with respect to the growing\nlength $L(t)$ after a quench, similarly to what is known for the\nautocorrelation and the autoresponse functions.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of gravitational clustering phenomena: $N$-body\n  self-gravitating gas on the sphere $\\mathbb{S}^{3}\\subset\\mathbb{R}^{4}$: This work is devoted to the thermodynamics of gravitational clustering, a\ncollective phenomenon with a great relevance in the $N$-body cosmological\nproblem. We study a classical self-gravitating gas of identical\nnon-relativistic particles defined on the sphere $\\mathbb{S}^{3}\\subset\n\\mathbb{R}^{4}$ by considering gravitational interaction that corresponds to\nthis geometric space. The analysis is performed within microcanonical\ndescription of an isolated Hamiltonian system by combining continuum\napproximation and steepest descend method. According to numerical solution of\nresulting equations, the gravitational clustering can be associated with two\nmicrocanonical phase transitions. A first phase transition with a continuous\ncharacter is associated with breakdown of $SO(4)$ symmetry of this model. The\nsecond one is the gravitational collapse, whose continuous or discontinuous\ncharacter crucially depends on the regularization of short-range divergence of\ngravitation potential. We also derive the thermodynamic limit of this model\nsystem, the astrophysical counterpart of Gibbs-Duhem relation, the order\nparameters that characterize its phase transitions and the equation of state.\nOther interesting behavior is the existence of states with negative heat\ncapacities, which appear when the effects of gravitation turn dominant for\nenergies sufficiently low. Finally, we comment the relevance of some of these\nresults in the study of astrophysical and cosmological situations. Special\ninterest deserves the gravitational modification of the equation of state due\nto the local inhomogeneities of matter distribution. Although this feature is\nsystematically neglected in studies about Universe expansion, the same one is\nable to mimic an effect that is attributed to the dark energy: a negative\npressure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical arrest, tracer diffusion and Kinetically Constrained Lattice\n  Gases: We analyze the tagged particle diffusion for kinetically constrained models\nfor glassy systems. We present a method, focusing on the Kob-Andersen model as\nan example, which allows to prove lower and upper bounds for the self diffusion\ncoefficient $D_S$. This method leads to the exact density dependence of\n$D_{S}$, at high density, for models with finite defects and to prove\ndiffusivity, $D_{S}>0$, at any finite density for highly cooperative models. A\nmore general outcome is that under very general assumptions one can exclude\nthat a dynamical transition, like the one predicted by the Mode-Coupling-Theory\nof glasses, takes place at a finite temperature/chemical potential for systems\nof interacting particles on a lattice.",
        "positive": "Radiation fields for nanoscale systems: For a group of charged particles obeying quantum mechanics interacting with\nan electromagnetic field, the charge and current density in a pure state of the\nsystem are expressed with the many-body wave function of the state. Using these\nas sources, the microscopic Maxwell equations can be written down for any given\npure state of a many-body system. By employing semi-classical radiation theory\nwith these sources, the microscopic Maxwell equations can be used to compute\nthe strong radiation fields produced by interacting charged quantal particles.\nFor a charged quantal particle, three radiation fields involve only the vector\npotential $\\mathbf{A}$. This is another example demonstrating the observability\nof vector potential. Five radiation fields are perpendicular to the canonical\nmomentum of a single charged particle. For a group of charged particles, a new\ntype of radiation field is predicted to be perpendicular to\n$\\mathbf{A}(\\mathbf{x}_{j},t)\\times\n\\lbrack\\nabla\\times(\\nabla_{j}\\Psi^{\\prime})]$, where $\\Psi^{'}$ is the\nmany-body wave function. This kind of radiation does not exist for a single\ncharged particle. The macroscopic Maxwell equations are derived from the\ncorresponding microscopic equations for a pure state by the Russakoff-Robinson\nprocedure which requires only a spatial coarse graining. Because the sources of\nfields are also the responses of a system to an external field, one also has to\ngive up the temporal coarse graining of the current density which is often\nsupposed to be critical in the kinetic approach of conductivity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytical prediction for the optical matrix: Contrary to praxis, we provide an analytical expression, for a physical\nlocally periodic structure, of the average $\\langle S\\rangle$ of the scattering\nmatrix, called optical $S$ matrix in the nuclear physics jargon, and\nfundamentally present in all scattering processes. This is done with the help\nof a strictly analogous nonlinear dynamical mapping where iteration time is the\nnumber $N$ of scatterers. The ergodic property of chaotic attractors implies\nthe existence and analyticity of $\\langle S\\rangle$. We find that the optical\n$S$ matrix depends only on the transport properties of a single cell, and that\nthe Poisson kernel is the distribution of the scattering matrix $S_N$ in the\nlarge size limit $N\\rightarrow \\infty$. The theoretical distribution shows\nperfect agreement with numerical results for a chain of delta potentials. A\nconsequence of our findings is the a priori knowledge of $\\langle S\\rangle$\nwithout resort to experimental data.",
        "positive": "Overcoming the Artificial Biases for the Nonadditive $ q $-Entropy: Entropy maximization procedure has been a general practice in many diverse\nfields of science to obtain the concomitant probability distributions. The\nconsistent use of the maximization procedure on the other hand requires the\nprobability distributions to obey the probability multiplication rule for\nindependent events. However, despite that the nonadditive $ q $-entropy is\nknown not to obey this rule, it is still used with the entropy maximization\nprocedure to infer the probability distributions at the expense of creating\nartificial biases not present in the data itself. Here we show that this\nimportant obstacle can be overcome by considering the intrinsic discrete\nstructure and related averaging scheme of the nonadditive $ q $-entropy. This\nalso paves the road to a better understanding of the entropy maximization\nprocedure of Jaynes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Infinite Switch Simulated Tempering in Force (FISST): Many proteins in cells are capable of sensing and responding to piconewton\nscale forces, a regime in which conformational changes are small but\nsignificant for biological processes. In order to efficiently and effectively\nsample the response of these proteins to small forces, enhanced sampling\ntechniques will be required. In this work, we derive, implement, and evaluate\nan efficient method to simultaneously sample the result of applying any\nconstant pulling force within a specified range to a molecular system of\ninterest. We start from Simulated Tempering in Force, whereby force is applied\nas a linear bias on a collective variable to the system's Hamiltonian, and the\ncoefficient is taken as a continuous auxiliary degree of freedom. We derive a\nformula for an average collective-variable-dependent force, which depends on a\nset of weights, learned on-the-fly throughout a simulation, that reflect the\nlimit where force varies infinitely quickly. These weights can then be used to\nretroactively compute averages of any observable at any force within the\nspecified range. This technique is based on recent work deriving similar\nequations for Infinite Switch Simulated Tempering in Temperature, that showed\nthe infinite switch limit is the most efficient for sampling. Here, we\ndemonstrate that our method accurately and simultaneously samples molecular\nsystems at all forces within a user defined force range, and show how it can\nserve as an enhanced sampling tool for cases where the pulling direction\ndestabilizes states of low free-energy at zero-force. This method is\nimplemented in, and will be freely-distributed with, the PLUMED open-source\nsampling library, and hence can be readily applied to problems using a wide\nrange of molecular dynamics software packages.",
        "positive": "Capture of the Lamb: Diffusing Predators Seeking a Diffusing Prey: We study the capture of a diffusing \"lamb\" by diffusing \"lions\" in one\ndimension. The capture dynamics is exactly soluble by probabilistic techniques\nwhen the number of lions is very small, and is tractable by extreme statistics\nconsiderations when the number of lions is very large. However, the exact\nsolution for the general case of three or more lions is still not known."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maximally dense packings of two-dimensional convex and concave\n  noncircular particles: Dense packings of hard particles have important applications in many fields,\nincluding condensed matter physics, discrete geometry and cell biology. In this\npaper, we employ a stochastic search implementation of the Torquato-Jiao\nAdaptive-Shrinking-Cell optimization scheme [Nature 460, 876 (2009)] to find\nmaximally dense particle packings in d-dimensional Euclidean space\n$\\mathbb{R}^d$. While the original implementation was designed to study spheres\nand convex polyhedra in $d\\ge3$, our implementation focuses on $d=2$ and\nextends the algorithm to include both concave polygons and certain convex or\nconcave non-polygonal particle shapes. We verify the robustness of this packing\nprotocol by successfully reproducing the known putative optimal packings of\ncongruent copies of regular pentagons and octagons, then employ it to suggest\ndense packing arrangements of congruent copies of certain families of concave\ncrosses, convex and concave curved triangles (incorporating shapes resembling\nthe Mercedes-Benz logo), and \"moon-like\" shapes. Analytical constructions are\ndetermined subsequently to obtain the densest known packings of these particle\nshapes. For the examples considered, we find that the densest packings of both\nconvex and concave particles with central symmetry are achieved by their\ncorresponding optimal Bravais lattice packings; for particles lacking central\nsymmetry, the densest packings obtained are non-lattice periodic packings,\nwhich are consistent with recently-proposed general organizing principles for\nhard particles. Moreover, we find that the densest known packings of certain\ncurved triangles are periodic with a four-particle basis, and we find that the\ndensest known periodic packings of certain moon-like shapes possess no inherent\nsymmetries. Our work adds to the growing evidence that particle shape can be\nused as a tuning parameter to achieve a diversity of packing structures.",
        "positive": "Fourier law from a chain of coupled anharmonic oscillators under energy\n  conserving noise: We analyze the transport of heat along a chain of particles interacting\nthrough anharmonic po- tentials consisting of quartic terms in addition to\nharmonic quadratic terms and subject to heat reservoirs at its ends. Each\nparticle is also subject to an impulsive shot noise with exponentially\ndistributed waiting times whose effect is to change the sign of its velocity,\nthus conserving the en- ergy of the chain. We show that the introduction of\nthis energy conserving stochastic noise leads to Fourier law. The behavior of\nthels heat conductivity for small intensities of the shot noise and large\nsystem sizes are found to obey a finite-size scaling relation. We also show\nthat the heat conductivity is not constant but is an increasing monotonic\nfunction of temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Domain magnetization approach to the isothermal critical exponent: We propose a method for calculating the isothermal critical exponent $\\delta$\nin Ising systems undergoing a second-order phase transition. It is based on the\ncalculation of the mean magnetization time series within a small connected\ndomain of a lattice after equilibrium is reached. At the pseudocritical point,\nthe magnetization time series attains intermittent characteristics and the\nprobability density for consecutive values of mean magnetization within a\nregion around zero becomes a power law. Typically the size of this region is of\nthe order of the standard deviation of the magnetization. The emerging\npower-law exponent is directly related to the isothermal critical exponent\n$\\delta$ through a simple analytical expression. We employ this method to\ncalculate with remarkable accuracy the exponent $\\delta$ for the square-lattice\nIsing model where traditional approaches, like the constrained effective\npotential, typically fail to provide accurate results.",
        "positive": "Statistical Mechanics of Lam\u00e9 Solitons: We study the exact statistical mechanics of Lam\\'e solitons using a transfer\nmatrix method. This requires a knowledge of the first forbidden band of the\ncorresponding Schr\\\"odinger equation with the periodic Lam\\'e potential. Since\nthe latter is a quasi-exactly solvable system, an analytical evaluation of the\npartition function can be done only for a few temperatures. We also study\napproximately the finite temperature thermodynamics using the ideal kink gas\nphenomenology. The zero-temperature \"thermodynamics\" of the soliton lattice\nsolutions is also addressed. Moreover, in appropriate limits our results reduce\nto that of the sine-Gordon problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement asymmetry and quantum Mpemba effect in two-dimensional\n  free-fermion systems: The quantum Mpemba effect is the counter-intuitive non-equilibrium phenomenon\nwherein the dynamic restoration of a broken symmetry occurs more rapidly when\nthe initial state exhibits a higher degree of symmetry breaking. The effect has\nbeen recently discovered theoretically and observed experimentally in the\nframework of global quantum quenches, but so far it has only been investigated\nin one-dimensional systems. Here we focus on a two-dimensional free-fermion\nlattice employing the entanglement asymmetry as a measure of symmetry breaking.\nOur investigation begins with the ground state analysis of a system featuring\nnearest-neighbor hoppings and superconducting pairings, the latter breaking\nexplicitly the $U(1)$ particle number symmetry. We compute analytically the\nentanglement asymmetry of a periodic strip using dimensional reduction, an\napproach that allows us to adjust the extent of the transverse size, achieving\na smooth crossover between one and two dimensions. Further applying the same\nmethod, we study the time evolution of the entanglement asymmetry after a\nquench to a Hamiltonian with only nearest-neighbor hoppings, preserving the\nparticle number symmetry which is restored in the stationary state. We find\nthat the quantum Mpemba effect is strongly affected by the size of the system\nin the transverse dimension, with the potential to either enhance or spoil the\nphenomenon depending on the initial states. We establish the conditions for its\noccurrence based on the properties of the initial configurations, extending the\ncriteria found in the one-dimensional case.",
        "positive": "Work, work fluctuations, and the work distribution in a thermal\n  non-equilibrium steady state: Long-ranged correlations generically exist in non-equilibrium fluid systems.\nIn the case of a non-equilibrium steady state caused by a temperature gradient\nthe correlations are especially long-ranged and strong. The anomalous light\nscattering predicted to exist in these systems is well-confirmed by numerous\nexperiments. Recently the Casimir force or pressure due to these fluctuations\nor correlations have been discussed in great detail. In this paper the notion\nof a Casimir work is introduced and a novel way to measure the non-equilibrium\nCasimir force is suggested. In particular, the non-equilibrium Casimir force is\nrelated to a non-equilibrium heat and not, as in equilibrium, to a volume\nderivative of an average energy. The non-equilibrium work fluctuations are\ndetermined and shown to be very anomalous compared to equilibrium work\nfluctuations. The non-equilibrium work distribution is also computed, and\ncontrasted to work distributions in systems with short-range correlations.\nAgain, there is a striking difference in the two cases. Formal theories of work\nand work distributions in non-equilibrium steady states are not explicit enough\nto illustrate any of these interesting features."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Metastable states in a class of long-range Hamiltonian systems: We numerically show that metastable states, similar to the Quasi Stationary\nStates found in the so called Hamiltonian Mean Field Model, are also present in\na generalized model in which $N$ classical spins (rotators) interact through\nferromagnetic couplings decaying as $r^{-\\alpha}$, where $r$ is their distance\nover a regular lattice. Scaling laws with $N$ are briefly discussed.",
        "positive": "A deterministic small-world network created by edge iterations: Small-world networks are ubiquitous in real-life systems. Most previous\nmodels of small-world networks are stochastic. The randomness makes it more\ndifficult to gain a visual understanding on how do different nodes of networks\ninteract with each other and is not appropriate for communication networks that\nhave fixed interconnections. Here we present a model that generates a\nsmall-world network in a simple deterministic way. Our model has a discrete\nexponential degree distribution. We solve the main characteristics of the\nmodel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cooperative Two-Quantum Interaction of Excited System with Bath: The problem of the two-photon coherent generation of entanglement photon\npairs in Quantum Optics has been intensively studied for the last years. It is\nimportant to note that the two-quantum cooperative effects play a main role in\nother fields of physics as well. The collective processes in Condensed Matter\nhave many analogical proprieties with cooperative radiation effects in Quantum\nOptics. Recently the two-quantum generation of entanglement photons and its\napplications in information technology and communication has been intensively\nstudied. The new cooperative emission phenomenon for dipole-forbidden\ntransitions of inverted system of radiators can be observed in the processes of\nthe two-photon spontaneous emission.",
        "positive": "Possible Divergences in Tsallis' Thermostatistics: Trying to compute the nonextensive q-partition function for the Harmonic\nOscillator in more than two dimensions, one encounters that it diverges, which\nposes a serious threat to the whole of Tsallis' thermostatistics. Appeal to the\nso called q-Laplace Transform, where the q-exponential function plays the role\nof the ordinary exponential, is seen to save the day."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling properties of the asymmetric exclusion process with long-range\n  hopping: The exclusion process in which particles may jump any distance l>=1 with the\nprobability that decays as l^-(1+sigma) is studied from coarse-grained equation\nfor density profile in the limit when the lattice spacing goes to zero. For\n1<sigma<2, the usual diffusion term of this equation is replaced by the\nfractional one, which affects dynamical-scaling properties of the late-time\napproach to the stationary state. When applied to an open system with totally\nasymmetric hopping, this approach gives two results: first, it accounts for the\nsigma-dependent exponent that characterizes the algebraic decay of density\nprofile in the maximum-current phase for 1<sigma<2, and second, it shows that\nin this region of sigma the exponent is of the mean-field type.",
        "positive": "Kinetic reconstruction of free energies as a function of multiple order\n  parameters: A vast array of phenomena, ranging from chemical reactions to phase\ntransformations, are analysed in terms of a free energy surface defined with\nrespect to a single or multiple order parameters. Enhanced sampling methods are\ntypically used, especially in the presence of large free energy barriers, to\nestimate free energies using biasing protocols and sampling of transition\npaths. Kinetic reconstructions of free energy barriers of intermediate height\nhave been performed, with respect to a single order parameter, employing the\nsteady state properties of unconstrained simulation trajectories when barrier\ncrossing is achievable with reasonable computational effort. Considering such\ncases, we describe a method to estimate free energy surfaces with respect to\nmultiple order parameters from a steady state ensemble of trajectories. The\napproach applies to cases where the transition rates between pairs of order\nparameter values considered is not affected by the presence of an absorbing\nboundary, whereas the macroscopic fluxes and sampling probabilities are. We\ndemonstrate the applicability of our prescription on different test cases of\nrandom walkers executing Brownian motion in order parameter space with an\nunderlying (free) energy landscape and discuss strategies to improve numerical\nestimates of the fluxes and sampling. We next use this approach to reconstruct\nthe free energy surface for supercooled liquid silicon with respect to the\ndegree of crystallinity and density, from unconstrained molecular dynamics\nsimulations, and obtain results quantitatively consistent with earlier results\nfrom umbrella sampling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Translations and Rotations are correlated in Granular Gases: In a granular gas of rough particles the axis of rotation is shown to be\ncorrelated with the translational velocity of the particles. The average\nrelative orientation of angular and linear velocities depends on the parameters\nwhich characterise the dissipative nature of the collision. We derive a simple\ntheory for these correlations and validate it with numerical simulations for a\nwide range of coefficients of normal and tangential restitution. The limit of\nsmooth spheres is shown to be singular: even an arbitrarily small roughness of\nthe particles gives rise to orientational correlations.",
        "positive": "Universality in volume law entanglement of pure quantum states: A pure quantum state can fully describe thermal equilibrium as long as one\nfocuses on local observables. Thermodynamic entropy can also be recovered as\nthe entanglement entropy of small subsystems. When the size of the subsystem\nincreases, however, quantum correlations break the correspondence and cause a\ncorrection to this simple volume-law. To elucidate the size dependence of the\nentanglement entropy is of essential importance in linking quantum physics with\nthermodynamics, and in addressing recent experiments in ultra-cold atoms. Here\nwe derive an analytic formula of the entanglement entropy for a class of pure\nstates called cTPQ states representing thermal equilibrium. We further find\nthat our formula applies universally to any sufficiently scrambled pure states\nrepresenting thermal equilibrium, i.e., general energy eigenstates of\nnon-integrable models and states after quantum quenches. Our universal formula\ncan be exploited as a diagnostic of chaotic systems; we can distinguish\nintegrable models from chaotic ones and detect many-body localization with high\naccuracy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A ratchet driven by quasimonochromatic noise: The currents generated by noise-induced activation processes in a periodic\npotential are investigated analytically, by digital simulation and by\nperforming analogue experiments.",
        "positive": "First and second order transition of frustrated Heisenberg spin systems: Starting from the hypothesis of a second order transition we have studied\nmodifications of the original Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a stacked\ntriangular lattice (STA-model) by the Monte Carlo technique. The change is a\nlocal constraint restricting the spins at the corners of selected triangles to\nadd up to zero without stopping them from moving freely (STAR-model). We have\nstudied also the closely related dihedral and trihedral models which can be\nclassified as Stiefel models. We have found indications of a first order\ntransition for all three modified models instead of a universal critical\nbehavior. This is in accordance with the renormalization group investigations\nbut disagrees with the Monte Carlo simulations of the original STA-model\nfavoring a new universality class. For the corresponding x-y antiferromagnet\nstudied before, the second order nature of the transition could also not be\nconfirmed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum invariants of motion in a generic many-body system: Dynamical Lie-algebraic method for the construction of local quantum\ninvariants of motion in non-integrable many-body systems is proposed and\napplied to a simple but generic toy model, namely an infinite kicked $t-V$\nchain of spinless fermions. Transition from integrable via {pseudo-integrable\n(\\em intermediate}) to quantum ergodic (quantum mixing) regime in parameter\nspace is investigated. Dynamical phase transition between ergodic and\nintermediate (neither ergodic nor completely integrable) regime in\nthermodynamic limit is proposed. Existence or non-existence of local\nconservation laws corresponds to intermediate or ergodic regime, respectively.\nThe computation of time-correlation functions of typical observables by means\nof local conservation laws is found fully consistent with direct calculations\non finite systems.",
        "positive": "Steady-state kinetic temperature distribution in a two-dimensional\n  square harmonic scalar lattice lying in a viscous environment and subjected\n  to a point heat source: We consider heat transfer in an infinite two-dimensional square harmonic\nscalar lattice lying in a viscous environment and subjected to a heat source.\nThe basic equations for the particles of the lattice are stated in the form of\na system of stochastic ordinary differential equations. We perform a\ncontinualization procedure and derive an infinite system of linear partial\ndifferential equations for covariance variables. The most important results of\nthe paper are the deterministic differential-difference equation describing\nnon-stationary heat propagation in the lattice and the analytical formula in\nthe integral form for its steady-state solution describing kinetic temperature\ndistribution caused by a point heat source of a constant intensity. The\ncomparison between numerical solution of stochastic equations and obtained\nanalytical solution demonstrates a very good agreement everywhere except for\nthe main diagonals of the lattice (with respect to the point source position),\nwhere the analytical solution is singular."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glassy dynamics: effective temperatures and intermittencies from a\n  two-state model: We show the existence of intermittent dynamics in one of the simplest model\nof a glassy system: the two-state model, which has been used to explain the\norigin of the violation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The dynamics is\nanalyzed through a Langevin equation for the evolution of the state of the\nsystem through its energy landscape. The results obtained concerning the\nviolation factor and the non-Gaussian nature of the fluctuations are in good\nqualitative agreement with experiments measuring the effective temperature and\nthe voltage fluctuations in gels and in polymer glasses. The method proposed\ncan be useful to study the dynamics of other slow relaxation systems in which\nnon-Gaussian fluctuations have been observed.",
        "positive": "Short-time domain-wall dynamics in the random-field Ising model with a\n  driving field: With Monte Carlo methods, we investigate the relaxation dynamics of a domain\nwall in the two-dimensional random-field Ising model with a driving field. The\nshort-time dynamic behavior at the depinning transition is carefully examined,\nand the roughening process of the domain wall is observed. Based on the\nshort-time dynamic scaling form, we accurately determine the transition field,\nstatic and dynamic exponents, and local and global roughness exponents. In\ncontrast to the usual assumption, the results indicate that the domain\ninterface does not belong to the universality class of the Edwards-Wilkinson\nequation. In particular, due to the dynamic effect of overhangs, the domain\ninterface exhibits intrinsic anomalous scaling and spatial multiscaling\nbehaviors, compatible with the experiments"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On $qp$-Deformations in Statistical Mechanics of Bosons in D Dimensions: The Bose distribution for a gas of nonrelativistic free bosons is derived in\nthe framework of $qp$-deformed second quantization. Some thermodynamical\nfunctions for such a system in D dimensions are derived. Bose-Einstein\ncondensation is discussed in terms of the parameters q and p as well as a\nparameter $\\nu_0'$ which characterizes the representation space of the\noscillator algebra.",
        "positive": "Occupation time statistics of the random acceleration model: The random acceleration model is one of the simplest non-Markovian stochastic\nsystems and has been widely studied in connection with applications in physics\nand mathematics. However, the occupation time and related properties are\nnon-trivial and not yet completely understood. In this paper we consider the\noccupation time $T_+$ of the one-dimensional random acceleration model on the\npositive half-axis. We calculate the first two moments of $T_+$ analytically\nand also study the statistics of $T_+$ with Monte Carlo simulations. One goal\nof our work was to ascertain whether the occupation time $T_+$ and the time\n$T_m$ at which the maximum of the process is attained are statistically\nequivalent. For regular Brownian motion the distributions of $T_+$ and $T_m$\ncoincide and are given by L\\'evy's arcsine law. We show that for randomly\naccelerated motion the distributions of $T_+$ and $T_m$ are quite similar but\nnot identical. This conclusion follows from the exact results for the moments\nof the distributions and is also consistent with our Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Zero Pearson Coefficient for Strongly Correlated Growing Trees: We obtained Pearson's coefficient of strongly correlated recursive networks\ngrowing by preferential attachment of every new vertex by $m$ edges. We found\nthat the Pearson coefficient is exactly zero in the infinite network limit for\nthe recursive trees ($m=1$). If the number of connections of new vertices\nexceeds one ($m>1$), then the Pearson coefficient in the infinite networks\nequals zero only when the degree distribution exponent $\\gamma$ does not exceed\n4. We calculated the Pearson coefficient for finite networks and observed a\nslow, power-law like approach to an infinite network limit. Our findings\nindicate that Pearson's coefficient strongly depends on size and details of\nnetworks, which makes this characteristic virtually useless for quantitative\ncomparison of different networks.",
        "positive": "Path Integral Monte Carlo study of phonons in the bcc phase of $^4$He: Using Path Integral Monte Carlo and the Maximum Entropy method, we calculate\nthe dynamic structure factor of solid $^4$He in the bcc phase at a finite\ntemperature of T = 1.6 K and a molar volume of 21 cm$^3$. Both the\nsingle-phonon contribution to the dynamic structure factor and the total\ndynamic structure factor are evaluated. From the dynamic structure factor, we\nobtain the phonon dispersion relations along the main crystalline directions,\n[001], [011] and [111]. We calculate both the longitudinal and transverse\nphonon branches. For the latter, no previous simulations exist. We discuss the\ndifferences between dispersion relations resulting from the single-phonon part\nvs. the total dynamic structure factor. In addition, we evaluate the formation\nenergy of a vacancy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations in Ideal and Interacting Bose-Einstein Condensates: From\n  the laser phase transition analogy to squeezed states and Bogoliubov\n  quasiparticles: We review the phenomenon of equilibrium fluctuations in the number of\ncondensed atoms in a trap containing N atoms total. We start with a history of\nthe Bose-Einstein distribution, the Einstein-Uhlenbeck debate concerning the\nrounding of the mean number of condensed atoms near a critical temperature, and\na discussion of the relations between statistics of BEC fluctuations in the\ngrand canonical, canonical, and microcanonical ensembles.\n  Next we discuss different approaches capable of providing approximate\nanalytical results and physical insight into the problem of fluctuations. In\nparticular, we describe the master equation (similar to the quantum theory of\nthe laser) and canonical-ensemble quasiparticle approaches which give the most\naccurate and physically transparent picture of the BEC fluctuations.\n  In the last part we describe condensate fluctuations in the interacting Bose\ngas. In particular, we show that the canonical-ensemble quasiparticle approach\nworks very well for the interacting gases and yields analytical formulas for\nthe characteristic function and all moments of the condensate fluctuations. In\nmost cases the ground-state occupation fluctuations are anomalously large and\nare not Gaussian even in the thermodynamic limit. We clarify a crossover\nbetween the ideal and weakly-interacting-gas statistics which is governed by a\npair-correlation squeezing mechanism.",
        "positive": "Local correlations in partially dual-unitary lattice models: We consider the problem of local correlations in the kicked, dual-unitary\ncoupled maps on D-dimensional lattices. We demonstrate that for D>=2, fully\ndual-unitary systems exhibit ultra-local correlations: the correlations between\nany pair of operators with local support vanish in a finite number of time\nsteps. In addition, for $D=2$, we consider the partially dual-unitary regime of\nthe model, where the dual-unitarity applies to only one of the two spatial\ndirections. For this case, we show that correlations generically decay\nexponentially and provide an explicit formula for the correlation function\nbetween the operators supported on two and four neighbouring sites."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A pure non-neutral plasma under an external harmonic field: equilibrium\n  thermodynamics and chaos: Motivated by the precedent study of Ordenes-Huanca and Velazquez [JSTAT\n\\textbf{093303} (2016)], we address the study of a simple model of a pure\nnon-neutral plasma: a system of identical non-relativistic charged particles\nconfined under an external harmonic field with frequency $\\omega$. We perform\nthe equilibrium thermo-statistical analysis in the framework of continuum\napproximation. This study reveals the existence of two asymptotic limits: the\nknown Brillouin steady state at zero temperature, and the gas of harmonic\noscillators in the limit of high temperatures. The non-extensive character of\nthis model is evidenced by the associated thermodynamic limit,\n$N\\rightarrow+\\infty: U/N^{7/3}=const$, which coincides with the thermodynamic\nlimit of a self-gravitating system of non-relativistic point particles in\npresence of Newtonian gravitation. Afterwards, the dynamics of this model is\nanalyzed through numerical simulations. It is verified the agreement of\nthermo-statistical estimations and the temporal expectation values of the same\nmacroscopic observables. The system chaoticity is addressed via numerical\ncomputation of Lyapunov exponents in the framework of the known \\emph{tangent\ndynamics}. The temperature dependence of Lyapunov exponent $\\lambda$ approaches\nto zero in the two asymptotic limits of this model, reaching its maximum during\nthe transit between them. The chaos of the present model is very strong, since\nits rate is faster than the characteristic timescale of the microscopic\ndynamics $\\tau_{dyn}=1/\\omega$. A qualitative analysis suggests that such a\nstrong chaoticity cannot be explained in terms of collision events because of\ntheir respective characteristic timescales are quite different,\n$\\tau_{ch}\\propto \\tau_{dyn}/N^{1/4}$ and $\\tau_{coll}\\propto \\tau_{dyn}$.",
        "positive": "A stationary model of non-intersecting directed polymers: We consider the partition function $Z_{\\ell}(\\vec x,0\\vert \\vec y,t)$ of\n$\\ell$ non-intersecting continuous directed polymers of length $t$ in dimension\n$1+1$, in a white noise environment, starting from positions $\\vec x$ and\nterminating at positions $\\vec y$. When $\\ell=1$, it is well known that for\nfixed $x$, the field $\\log Z_1(x,0\\vert y,t)$ solves the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\nequation and admits the Brownian motion as a stationary measure. In particular,\nas $t$ goes to infinity, $Z_1(x,0\\vert y,t)/Z_1(x,0\\vert 0,t) $ converges to\nthe exponential of a Brownian motion $B(y)$. In this article, we show an\nanalogue of this result for any $\\ell$. We show that $Z_{\\ell}(\\vec x,0\\vert\n\\vec y,t)/Z_{\\ell}(\\vec x,0\\vert \\vec 0,t) $ converges as $t$ goes to infinity\nto an explicit functional $Z_{\\ell}^{\\rm stat}(\\vec y)$ of $\\ell$ independent\nBrownian motions. This functional $Z_{\\ell}^{\\rm stat}(\\vec y)$ admits a simple\ndescription as the partition sum for $\\ell$ non-intersecting semi-discrete\npolymers on $\\ell$ lines. We discuss applications to the endpoints and\nmidpoints distribution for long non-crossing polymers and derive explicit\nformulas in the case of two polymers. To obtain these results, we show that the\nstationary measure of the O'Connell-Warren multilayer stochastic heat equation\nis given by a collection of independent Brownian motions. This in turn is shown\nvia analogous results in a discrete setup for the so-called log-gamma polymer\nand exploit the connection between non-intersecting log-gamma polymers and the\ngeometric RSK correspondence found in arXiv:1110.3489.\n  ."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical simulation of current fluctuations in a dissipative two-state\n  system: Current fluctuations in a dissipative two-state system have been studied\nusing a novel quantum dynamics simulation method. After a transformation of the\npath integrals, the tunneling dynamics is computed by deterministic integration\nover the real-time paths under the influence of colored noise. The nature of\nthe transition from coherent to incoherent dynamics at low temperatures is\nre-examined.",
        "positive": "A first-order phase-transition, a super-cooled fluid, and a glass in a\n  two-dimensional lattice gas model: Studying the series expansion of the thermodynamic potential for the\nhard-core N3 lattice-gas model, we provide evidence for a first-order\nphase-transition with a finite jump in density and entropy, in agreement with\nnumerical transfer matrix calculations. The solid branch terminates at the\ntransition, while the fluid branch continues beyond the critical activity,\ndescribing a meta-stable super-cooled fluid. It terminates with density 0.85\n(relative to the closest packing density) and finite entropy per site. This\ntermination density is close to the random-closest-packing density of the\nglassy state obtained for infinitely-fast cooling. The model thus exhibits a\nthermodynamic meta-stable glassy phase with finite Edwards' compactivity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of Long-Range Interactions in the Conserved Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n  Equation: The conserved Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation in the presence of long-range\nnonlinear interactions is studied by the dynamic renormalization group method.\nThe long-range effect produces new fixed points with continuously varying\nexponents and gives distinct phase transitions, depending on both the\nlong-range interaction strength and the substrate dimension $d$. The long-range\ninteraction makes the surface width less rough than that of the short-range\ninteraction. In particular, the surface becomes a smooth one with a negative\nroughness exponent at the physical dimension d=2.",
        "positive": "Exact solution of a partially asymmetric exclusion model using a\n  deformed oscillator algebra: We study the partially asymmetric exclusion process with open boundaries. We\ngeneralise the matrix approach previously used to solve the special case of\ntotal asymmetry and derive exact expressions for the partition sum and currents\nvalid for all values of the asymmetry parameter q. Due to the relationship\nbetween the matrix algebra and the q-deformed quantum harmonic oscillator\nalgebra we find that q-Hermite polynomials, along with their orthogonality\nproperties and generating functions, are of great utility. We employ two\ndistinct sets of q-Hermite polynomials, one for q<1 and the other for q>1. It\nturns out that these correspond to two distinct regimes: the previously studied\ncase of forward bias (q<1) and the regime of reverse bias (q>1) where the\nboundaries support a current opposite in direction to the bulk bias. For the\nforward bias case we confirm the previously proposed phase diagram whereas the\ncase of reverse bias produces a new phase in which the current decreases\nexponentially with system size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonsingular increase in magnetic susceptibility and transition in\n  universality in site-diluted Ising model in two dimensions: We study the effects of dilution to the critical properties of site-diluted\nIsing model in two dimensions using Monte Carlo simulations. Quenched disorder\nfrom the dilution is incorporated into the Ising model via random empty sites\non the square lattice of Ising spins. Thermodynamic quantities such as the\nmagnetization $M$ per spin, energy $E$ per spin, magnetic susceptibility $\\chi$\nper spin, and specific heat $C$ per spin are then calculated after the system\nhas equilibrated. At small dilution concentrations $d<0.1$, we find that the\nvalue of the critical exponent $\\beta$ does not deviate from its pure Ising\nvalue. At higher dilution concentrations $d>0.1$, however, we find $\\beta$ to\nstrongly depend on the value of $d$. We are able to locate a critical\ntemperature $T_c$ and a critical dilution concentration $d_c$ where the phase\ntransition occurs. We find $T_c$ to depend linearly on $d$. In the phase\ndiagrams of $M$, $E$, $\\chi$, and $C$, we find that the phase transition line\neventually disappears at high dilutions. Our results suggest that there is a\ntransition from Strong Universality at low dilution to Weak Universality at\nhigh dilution. Lastly, we find a wide and nonsingular increase in the magnetic\nsusceptibility $\\chi$ at the low temperature and high dilution region.",
        "positive": "Two-temperature Brownian dynamics of a particle in a confining potential: We consider the two dimensional motion of a particle into a confining\npotential, subjected to Brownian forces, associated with two different\ntemperatures on the orthogonal directions. Exact solutions are obtained for an\nasymmetric harmonic potential in the overdamped and underdamped regimes,\nwhereas perturbative approaches are used for more general potentials. The\nresulting non equilibrium stationary state is characterized with a nonzero\northoradial mean current, corresponding to a global rotation of the particle\naround the center. The rotation is due to two symmetry breaking: two different\ntemperatures and a mismatch between the principal axes of the confining\nasymmetric potential and the temperature axes. We confirm our predictions by\nperforming Brownian dynamics simulation. Finally, we propose to observe this\neffect on a laser cooled atomic system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Breaking of Huygens-Fresnel principle in inhomogeneous\n  Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids: Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids (TLLs) can be used to effectively describe\none-dimensional quantum many-body systems such as ultracold atoms, charges in\nnanowires, superconducting circuits, and gapless spin chains. Their properties\nare given by two parameters, the propagation velocity and the Luttinger\nparameter. Here we study inhomogeneous TLLs where these are promoted to\nfunctions of position and demonstrate that they profoundly affect the dynamics:\nIn general, besides curving the light cone, we show that propagation is no\nlonger ballistically localized to the light-cone trajectories, different from\nstandard homogeneous TLLs. Specifically, if the Luttinger parameter depends on\nposition, the dynamics features pronounced spreading into the light cone, which\ncannot be understood via a simple superposition of waves as in the\nHuygens-Fresnel principle. This is the case for ultracold atoms in a parabolic\ntrap, which serves as our main motivation, and we discuss possible experimental\nobservations in such systems.",
        "positive": "Optimal protocols and the Jarzynski equality: The Jarzynski Equality is a well-known and widely used identity, relating the\nfree energy difference between two states of a system to the work done over\nsome arbitrary, nonequilibrium transformation between the two states. Despite\nbeing valid for both stochastic and deterministic systems, we show that the\noptimal transformation protocol for the deterministic case seems to differ from\nthat predicated from an analysis of the stochastic dynamics. In addition, it is\nshown that for certain situations, more dissipative processes can sometimes\nlead to better numerical results for the free energy differences."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal operation of a three-level quantum heat engine and universal\n  nature of efficiency: We present a detailed study of a three-level quantum heat engine operating at\nmaximum efficient power function, a trade-off objective function defined by the\nproduct of the efficiency and power output of the engine. First, for near\nequilibrium conditions, we find general expression for the efficiency and\nestablish universal nature of efficiency at maximum power and maximum efficient\npower. Then in the high temperature limit, optimizing with respect to one\nparameter while constraining the other one, we obtain the lower and upper\nbounds on the efficiency for both strong as well as weak matter-field coupling\nconditions. Except for the weak matter-field coupling condition, the obtained\nbounds on the efficiency exactly match with the bounds already known for some\nmodels of classical heat engines. Further for weak matter-field coupling, we\nderive some new bounds on the the efficiency of the the engine which lie beyond\nthe range covered by bounds obtained for strong matter-field coupling. We\nconclude by comparing the performance of our three-level quantum heat engine in\nmaximum power and maximum efficient power regimes and show that the engine\noperating at maximum efficient power produces at least $88.89\\%$ of the maximum\npower output while considerably reducing the power loss due to entropy\nproduction.",
        "positive": "Exact spectrum of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model in the thermodynamic\n  limit and finite-size corrections: The spectrum of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model is exactly derived in the\nthermodynamic limit by means of a spin coherent states formalism. In the first\nstep, a classical analysis allows one to distinguish between four distinct\nregions in the parameter space according to the nature of the singularities\narising in the classical energy surface; these correspond to spectral critical\npoints. The eigenfunctions are then analyzed more precisely in terms of the\nassociated roots of the Majorana polynomial, leading to exact expressions for\nthe density of states in the thermodynamic limit. Finite-size effects are also\nanalyzed, leading in particular to logarithmic corrections near the\nsingularities occuring in the spectrum. Finally, we also compute expectation\nvalues of the spin operators in a semi-classical analysis in order to\nillustrate some subtle effects occuring in one region of the parameter space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Statistical Mechanics and Surface Tensions of Binary Mixtures: Within a lattice model describing a binary mixture with fixed concentrations\nof the species we discuss the relation-ship between the surface tension of the\nmixture and the concentrations.",
        "positive": "Statistical Mechanics of Unconfined Systems: Challenges and Lessons: Motivated by applications of statistical mechanics in which the system of\ninterest is spatially unconfined, we present an exact solution to the maximum\nentropy problem for assigning a stationary probability distribution on the\nphase space of an unconfined ideal gas in an anti-de Sitter background.\nNotwithstanding the gas's freedom to move in an infinite volume, we establish\nnecessary conditions for the stationary probability distribution to be\nnormalizable. As a part of our analysis, we develop a novel method for\nidentifying dynamical constraints based on local measurements. With no appeal\nto \\emph{a priori} information about globally-defined conserved quantities, it\nis thereby applicable to a much wider range of problems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous scaling in passive scalar advection: Monte-Carlo Lagrangian\n  trajectories: We present a numerical method which is used to calculate anomalous scaling\nexponents of structure functions in the Kraichnan passive scalar advection\nmodel (R. H. Kraichnan, Phys. Fluids {\\bf11}, 945 (1968)). This Monte-Carlo\nmethod, which is applicable in any space dimension, is based on the Lagrangian\npath interpretation of passive scalar dynamics, and uses the recently\ndiscovered equivalence between scaling exponents of structure functions and\nrelaxation rates in the stochastic shape dynamics of groups of Lagrangian\nparticles. We calculate third and fourth order anomalous exponents for several\ndimensions, comparing with the predictions of perturbative calculations in\nlarge dimensions. We find that Kraichnan's closure appears to give results in\nclose agreement with the numerics. The third order exponents are compatible\nwith our own previous nonperturbative calculations.",
        "positive": "Towards a theory of metastability in open quantum dynamics: By generalising concepts from classical stochastic dynamics, we establish the\nbasis for a theory of metastability in Markovian open quantum systems. Partial\nrelaxation into long-lived metastable states - distinct from the asymptotic\nstationary state - is a manifestation of a separation of timescales due to a\nsplitting in the spectrum of the generator of the dynamics. We show here how to\nexploit this spectral structure to obtain a low dimensional approximation to\nthe dynamics in terms of motion in a manifold of metastable states constructed\nfrom the low-lying eigenmatrices of the generator. We argue that the metastable\nmanifold is in general composed of disjoint states, noiseless subsystems and\ndecoherence-free subspaces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dimensionless Fluctuation Balance Principle: New Statistical\n  Perspectives Applied to Boltzmann, Planck, Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein and\n  Schr\u00f6dinger Distributions: In this work we propose a completely new way to obtain statistics\ndistributions from fluctuations balance. By dimensionless fluctuation analysis\nwe obtain Boltzmann, Planck, Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein and Schr\\\"odinger\nDistributions using the same fundamental principle. Our result point to a\ngeneral foundation that was successful verified to principal Physics\nDistributions. We name it as Dimensionless Fluctuation Balance Principle. This\nis a great achievement which enable us to discuss exchange between different\nphysical quantities, like we do when treat energy conservation when some type\nof energy is converted to another, but with more generality, because we can\nexchange one physical quantity to any other. All physics model which needs\ndistribution can take advantage of methodology presented in this paper\nincluding: Statistical Physics, Schr\\\"odinger's Quantum Mechanics,\nNanomaterials, Thin Films and New Materials Modeling. Keywords: Fluctuations,\nPDEs, Boltzmann, Planck, Entropy, Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein, Schr\\\"odinger,\nDistributions.",
        "positive": "Magnetocaloric properties of a frustrated Blume-Capel antiferromagnet: Low-temperature magnetization processes and magnetocaloric properties of a\ngeometrically frustrated spin-1 Blume-Capel model on a triangular lattice are\nstudied by Monte Carlo simulations. The model is found to display qualitatively\ndifferent behavior depending on the sign of the single-ion anisotropy D. For\npositive values of D we observe two magnetization plateaus, similar to the\nspin-1/2 Ising antiferromagnet, and negative isothermal entropy changes for any\nfield intensity. For a range of small negative values of D there are four\nmagnetization plateaus and the entropy changes can be either negative or\npositive, depending on the field. If D is negative but large in absolute value\nthen the entropy changes are solely positive."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hard-sphere melting and crystallization with event-chain Monte Carlo: We simulate crystallization and melting with local Monte Carlo (LMC),\nevent-chain Monte Carlo (ECMC), and with event-driven molecular dynamics (EDMD)\nin systems with up to one million three-dimensional hard spheres. We illustrate\nthat our implementations of the three algorithms rigorously coincide in their\nequilibrium properties. We then study nucleation in the NVE ensemble from the\nfcc crystal into the homogeneous liquid phase and from the liquid into the\nhomogeneous crystal. ECMC and EDMD both approach equilibrium orders of\nmagnitude faster than LMC. ECMC is also notably faster than EDMD, especially\nfor the equilibration into a crystal from a disordered initial condition at\nhigh density. ECMC can be trivially implemented for hard-sphere and for\nsoft-sphere potentials, and we suggest possible applications of this algorithm\nfor studying jamming and the physics of glasses, as well as disordered systems.",
        "positive": "Knot probabilities in equilateral random polygons: We consider the probability of knotting in equilateral random polygons in\nEuclidean 3-dimensional space, which model, for instance, random polymers.\nResults from an extensive Monte Carlo dataset of random polygons indicate a\nuniversal scaling formula for the knotting probability with the number of\nedges. This scaling formula involves an exponential function, independent of\nknot type, with a power law factor that depends on the number of prime\ncomponents of the knot. The unknot, appearing as a composite knot with zero\ncomponents, scales with a small negative power law, contrasting with previous\nstudies that indicated a purely exponential scaling. The methodology\nincorporates several improvements over previous investigations: our random\npolygon data set is generated using a fast, unbiased algorithm, and knotting is\ndetected using an optimised set of knot invariants based on the Alexander\npolynomial."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transition in Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MONDian)\n  self-gravitating systems: We study the statistical mechanics of binary systems under gravitational\ninteraction of the Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) in three-dimensional\nspace. Considering the binary systems, in the microcanonical and canonical\nensembles, we show that in the microcanonical systems, unlike the Newtonian\ngravity, there is a sharp phase transition, with a high-temperature homogeneous\nphase and a low temperature clumped binary one. Defining an order parameter in\nthe canonical systems, we find a smoother phase transition and identify the\ncorresponding critical temperature in terms of physical parameters of the\nbinary system.",
        "positive": "Vortex dynamics in trapped Bose-Einstein condensate: We perform numerical simulations of vortex motion in a trapped Bose-Einstein\ncondensate by solving the two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii Equation in the\npresence of a simple phenomenological model of interaction between the\ncondensate and the finite temperature thermal cloud. At zero temperature, the\ntrajectories of a single, off - centred vortex precessing in the condensate,\nand of a vortex - antivortex pair orbiting within the trap, excite acoustic\nemission. At finite temperatures the vortices move to the edge of the\ncondensate and vanish. By fitting the finite -temperature trajectories, we\nrelate the phenomenological damping parameter to the friction coefficients\n$\\alpha$ and $\\alpha^{'}$, which are used to describe the interaction between\nquantised vortices and the normal fluid in superfluid helium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coupled ferro-antiferromagnetic Heisenberg bilayers investigated by\n  many-body Green's function theory: A theory of coupled ferro- and antiferromagnetic Heisenberg layers is\ndeveloped within the framework of many-body Green's function theory (GFT) that\nallows non-collinear magnetic arrangements by introducing sublattice\nstructures. As an example, the coupled ferro- antiferromagnetic (FM-AFM)\nbilayer is investigated. We compare the results with those of bilayers with\npurely ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic couplings. In each case we also show\nthe corresponding results of mean field theory (MFT), in which magnon\nexcitations are completely neglected. There are significant differences between\nGFT and MFT. A remarkable finding is that for the coupled FM-AFM bilayer the\ncritical temperature decreases with increasing interlayer coupling strength for\na simple cubic lattice, whereas the opposite is true for an fcc lattice as well\nas for MFT for both lattice types.",
        "positive": "Finite-size effects in the spherical model of finite thickness: A detailed analysis of the finite-size effects on the bulk critical behaviour\nof the $d$-dimensional mean spherical model confined to a film geometry with\nfinite thickness $L$ is reported. Along the finite direction different kinds of\nboundary conditions are applied: periodic $(p)$, antiperiodic $(a)$ and free\nsurfaces with Dirichlet $(D)$, Neumann $(N)$ and a combination of Neumann and\nDirichlet $(ND)$ on both surfaces. A systematic method for the evaluation of\nthe finite-size corrections to the free energy for the different types of\nboundary conditions is proposed. The free energy density and the equation for\nthe spherical field are computed for arbitrary $d$. It is found, for $2<d<4$,\nthat the singular part of the free energy has the required finite-size scaling\nform at the bulk critical temperature only for $(p)$ and $(a)$. For the\nremaining boundary conditions the standard finite-size scaling hypothesis is\nnot valid. At $d=3$, the critical amplitude of the singular part of the free\nenergy (related to the so called Casimir amplitude) is estimated. We obtain\n$\\Delta^{(p)}=-2\\zeta(3)/(5\\pi)=-0.153051...$, $\\Delta^{(a)}=0.274543...$ and\n$\\Delta^{(ND)}=0.01922...$, implying a fluctuation--induced attraction between\nthe surfaces for $(p)$ and repulsion in the other two cases. For $(D)$ and\n$(N)$ we find a logarithmic dependence on $L$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "FFLO Vortex Lattice States in Cold Fermionic-Atom Systems: Condensation of atom pairs with finite total momentum is expected in a\nportion of the phase diagram of a two-component fermionic cold-atom system.\nThis unusual condensate can be identified by detecting the exotic higher Landau\nlevel (HLL) vortex lattice states it can form when rotated. With this\nmotivation, we have solved the linearized gap equations of a polarized cold\natom system in a Landau level basis to predict experimental circumstances under\nwhich HLL vortex lattice states occur.",
        "positive": "Stochastic dynamics and thermodynamics around a metastable state based\n  on the linear Dean-Kawasaki equation: The Dean-Kawasaki equation forms the basis of the stochastic density\nfunctional theory (DFT). Here it is demonstrated that the Dean-Kawasaki\nequation can be directly linearized in the first approximation of the driving\nforce due to the free energy functional $F[\\rho] $ of an instantaneous density\ndistribution $\\rho$, when we consider small density fluctuations around a\nmetastable state whose density distribution $\\rho^*$ is determined by the\nstationary equation $\\delta F[\\rho]/\\delta \\rho|_{\\rho=\\rho^*}=\\mu$ with $\\mu$\ndenoting the chemical potential. Our main results regarding the linear\nDean-Kawasaki equation are threefold. First, (i) the corresponding stochastic\nthermodynamics has been formulated, showing that the heat dissipated into the\nreservoir is negligible on average. Next, (ii) we have developed a field\ntheoretic treatment combined with the equilibrium DFT, giving an approximate\nform of $F[\\rho]$ that is related to the equilibrium free energy functional.\nAccordingly, (iii) the linear Dean-Kawasaki equation, which has been reduced to\na tractable form expressed by the direct correlation function, allows us to\ncompare the stochastic dynamics around metastable and equilibrium states,\nparticularly in the Percus-Yevick hard sphere fluids; we have found that the\nmetastable density is larger and the effective diffusion constant in the\nmetastable state is smaller than the equilibrium ones in repulsive fluids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On calculation of vector spin chirality for zigzag spin chains: We calculate the vector spin chirality for $S=1/2$ zigzag spin chains having\nU(1) symmetry, using the density matrix renormalization group combined with\nunitary transformation. We then demonstrate the occurrence of the chiral order\nfor the zigzag XY chain and discuss the associated phase transition. The\nresults are consistent with the analysis based on the bosonization and the long\ndistance behaviour of the chirality correlation function. For the $S=1/2$\nzigzag Heisenberg chain in a magnetic field, we also verify the chiral order\nthat is predicted by the effective field theory and the chirality correlation\nfunction, and then determine its magnetic phase diagram.",
        "positive": "Mode-coupling theory for multiple-time correlation functions of tagged\n  particle densities and dynamical filters designed for glassy systems: The theoretical framework for higher-order correlation functions involving\nmultiple times and multiple points in a classical, many-body system developed\nby Van Zon and Schofield [Phys. Rev. E 65, 011106 (2002)] is extended here to\ninclude tagged particle densities. Such densities have found an intriguing\napplication as proposed measures of dynamical heterogeneities in structural\nglasses. The theoretical formalism is based upon projection operator techniques\nwhich are used to isolate the slow time evolution of dynamical variables by\nexpanding the slowly-evolving component of arbitrary variables in an infinite\nbasis composed of the products of slow variables of the system. The resulting\nformally exact mode-coupling expressions for multiple-point and multiple-time\ncorrelation functions are made tractable by applying the so-called N-ordering\nmethod. This theory is used to derive for moderate densities the leading mode\ncoupling expressions for indicators of relaxation type and domain relaxation,\nwhich use dynamical filters that lead to multiple-time correlations of a tagged\nparticle density. The mode coupling expressions for higher order correlation\nfunctions are also succesfully tested against simulations of a hard sphere\nfluid at relatively low density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagram of a probabilistic cellular automaton with three-site\n  interactions: We study a (1+1) dimensional probabilistic cellular automaton that is closely\nrelated to the Domany-Kinzel (DKCA), but in which the update of a given site\ndepends on the state of {\\it three} sites at the previous time step. Thus,\ncompared with the DKCA, there is an additional parameter, $p_3$, representing\nthe probability for a site to be active at time $t$, given that its nearest\nneighbors and itself were active at time $t-1$. We study phase transitions and\ncritical behavior for the activity {\\it and} for damage spreading, using one-\nand two-site mean-field approximations, and simulations, for $p_3=0$ and\n$p_3=1$. We find evidence for a line of tricritical points in the ($p_1, p_2,\np_3$) parameter space, obtained using a mean-field approximation at pair level.\nTo construct the phase diagram in simulations we employ the growth-exponent\nmethod in an interface representation. For $p_3 =0$, the phase diagram is\nsimilar to the DKCA, but the damage spreading transition exhibits a reentrant\nphase. For $p_3=1$, the growth-exponent method reproduces the two absorbing\nstates, first and second-order phase transitions, bicritical point, and damage\nspreading transition recently identified by Bagnoli {\\it et al.} [Phys. Rev.\nE{\\bf 63}, 046116 (2001)].",
        "positive": "Nonconvexity of the relative entropy for Markov dynamics: A Fisher\n  information approach: We show via counterexamples that relative entropy between the solution of a\nMarkovian master equation and the steady state is not a convex function of\ntime. We thus let down a curtain on a possible formulation of a principle of\nthermodynamics regarding decrease of the nonadiabatic entropy production.\nHowever, we argue that a large separation of typical decay times is necessary\nfor nonconvex solutions to occur, making concave transients extremely\nshort-lived with respect to the main relaxation modes. We describe a general\nmethod based on the Fisher information matrix to discriminate between\ngenerators that do and don't admit nonconvex solutions. While initial\nconditions leading to concave transients are shown to be extremely fine-tuned,\nby our method we are able to select nonconvex initial conditions that are\narbitrarily close to the steady state. Convexity does occur when the system is\nclose to satisfy detailed balance, or more generally when certain normality\nconditions of the decay modes are satisfied. Our results circumscribe the range\nof validity of a conjecture proposed by Maes et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107,\n010601 (2011)] regarding monotonicity of the large deviation rate functional\nfor the occupation probability (dynamical activity), showing that while the\nconjecture might still hold in the long time limit, the dynamical activity is\nnot a Lyapunov function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Financial Friction and Multiplicative Markov Market Game: We study long-term growth-optimal strategies on a simple market with linear\nproportional transaction costs. We show that several problems of this sort can\nbe solved in closed form, and explicit the non-analytic dependance of optimal\nstrategies and expected frictional losses of the friction parameter. We present\none derivation in terms of invariant measures of drift-diffusion processes\n(Fokker- Planck approach), and one derivation using the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman\nequation of optimal control theory. We also show that a significant part of the\nresults can be derived without computation by a kind of dimensional analysis.\nWe comment on the extension of the method to other sources of uncertainty, and\ndiscuss what conclusions can be drawn about the growth-optimal criterion as\nsuch.",
        "positive": "On Generalized Gibbs Ensembles with an infinite set of conserved charges: We revisit the question of whether and how the steady states arising after\nnon-equilibrium time evolution in integrable models (and in particular in the\nXXZ spin chain) can be described by the so-called Generalized Gibbs Ensemble\n(GGE). It is known that the micro-canonical ensemble built on a complete set of\ncharges correctly describes the long-time limit of local observables, and\nrecently a canonical ensemble was built by Ilievski et. al. using particle\noccupation number operators. Here we provide an alternative construction by\nconsidering truncated GGE's (tGGE's) that only include a finite number of well\nlocalized conserved operators. It is shown that the tGGE's can approximate the\nsteady states with arbitrary precision, i.e. all physical observables are\nexactly reproduced in the infinite truncation limit. In addition, we show that\na complete canonical ensemble can in fact be built in terms of a new (discrete)\nset of charges built as linear combinations of the standard ones.\n  Our general arguments are applied to concrete quench situations in the XXZ\nchain, where the initial states are simple two-site or four-site product\nstates. Depending on the quench we find that numerical results for the local\ncorrelators can be obtained with remarkable precision using truncated GGE's\nwith only 10-100 charges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sornette-Ide model for markets: Trader expectations as imaginary part: A nonlinear differential equation of Sornette-Ide type with noise, for a\ncomplex variable, yields endogenous crashes, preceded by roughly log-periodic\noscillations in the real part, and a strong increase in the imaginary part. The\nlatter is interpreted as the trader expectation.",
        "positive": "Isometric Uncertainty Relations: We generalize the link between fluctuation theorems and thermodynamic\nuncertainty relations by deriving a bound on the variance of fluxes that\nsatisfy an isometric fluctuation theorem. The resulting bound, which depends on\nthe system's dimension $d$, naturally interpolates between two known bounds.\nThe bound derived from the entropy production fluctuation theorem is recovered\nfor $d=1$, and the original entropy production thermodynamic uncertainty\nrelation is obtained in the $d \\to \\infty$ limit. We show that our result can\nbe generalized to order parameters in equilibrium systems, and we illustrate\nthe results on a Heisenberg spin chain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Calculation of the shift exponent for the two layer three state Potts\n  model using the transfer matrix method: A finite-size scaling approach based on the transfer matrix method is\ndeveloped to calculate the critical temperature and critical exponent of the\nsymmetric and the asymmetric two-layer three-state Potts Models. For similar\nintralayer interactions our calculation of the shift exponent $\\phi $ confirm\nsome scaling arguments which predict $\\phi = \\gamma$, where $\\gamma$ is the\nsusceptibility exponent. For unequal intralayer interactions we have obtained\n$\\phi = 0.5 $ which differs from the prediction $\\phi = {\\gamma / 2} $ of a\ngeneralized mean-field theory.",
        "positive": "First detected arrival of a quantum walker on an infinite line: The first detection of a quantum particle on a graph has been shown to depend\nsensitively on the sampling time {\\tau} . Here we use the recently introduced\nquantum renewal equation to investigate the statistics of first detection on an\ninfinite line, using a tight-binding lattice Hamiltonian with nearest- neighbor\nhops. Universal features of the first detection probability are uncovered and\nsimple limiting cases are analyzed. These include the small {\\tau} limit and\nthe power law decay with attempt number of the detection probability over which\nquantum oscillations are superimposed. When the sampling time is equal to the\ninverse of the energy band width, non-analytical behaviors arise, accompanied\nby a transition in the statistics. The maximum total detection probability is\nfound to occur for {\\tau} close to this transition point. When the initial\nlocation of the particle is far from the detection node we find that the total\ndetection probability attains a finite value which is distance independent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergent local integrals of motion without a complete set of localized\n  eigenstates: Systems where all energy eigenstates are localized are known to display an\nemergent local integrability, in the sense that one can construct an extensive\nnumber of operators that commute with the Hamiltonian and are localized in real\nspace. Here we show that emergent local integrability does not require a\ncomplete set of localized eigenstates. Given a set of localized eigenstates\ncomprising a nonzero fraction $(1-f)$ of the full many body spectrum, one can\nconstruct an extensive number of integrals of motion which are local in the\nsense that they have {\\it nonzero weight} in a compact region of real space, in\nthe thermodynamic limit. However, these modified integrals of motion have a\n`global dressing' whose weight vanishes as $\\sim f$ as $f \\rightarrow 0$. In\nthis sense, the existence of a {\\it non-zero fraction} of localized eigenstates\nis sufficient for emergent local integrability. We discuss the implications of\nour findings for systems where the spectrum contains delocalized states, for\nsystems with projected Hilbert spaces, and for the robustness of quantum\nintegrability.",
        "positive": "Partial Survival and Crossing Statistics for a Diffusing Particle in a\n  Transverse Shear Flow: We consider a non-Gaussian stochastic process where a particle diffuses in\nthe $y$-direction, $dy/dt=\\eta(t)$, subject to a transverse shear flow in the\n$x$-direction, $dx/dt=f(y)$. Absorption with probability $p$ occurs at each\ncrossing of the line $x=0$. We treat the class of models defined by $f(y) = \\pm\nv_{\\pm}(\\pm y)^\\alpha$ where the upper (lower) sign refers to $y>0$ ($y<0$). We\nshow that the particle survives up to time $t$ with probability $Q(t) \\sim\nt^{-\\theta(p)}$ and we derive an explicit expression for $\\theta(p)$ in terms\nof $\\alpha$ and the ratio $v_+/v_-$. From $\\theta(p)$ we deduce the mean and\nvariance of the density of crossings of the line $x=0$ for this class of\nnon-Gaussian processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scale Invariant Dynamics of Surface Growth: We describe in detail and extend a recently introduced nonperturbative\nrenormalization group (RG) method for surface growth. The scale invariant\ndynamics which is the key ingredient of the calculation is obtained as the\nfixed point of a RG transformation relating the representation of the\nmicroscopic process at two different coarse-grained scales. We review the RG\ncalculation for systems in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class and\ncompute the roughness exponent for the strong coupling phase in dimensions from\n1 to 9. Discussions of the approximations involved and possible improvements\nare also presented. Moreover, very strong evidence of the absence of a finite\nupper critical dimension for KPZ growth is presented. Finally, we apply the\nmethod to the linear Edwards-Wilkinson dynamics where we reproduce the known\nexact results, proving the ability of the method to capture qualitatively\ndifferent behaviors.",
        "positive": "Quantum criticality under decoherence or weak measurement: Decoherence inevitably happens when a quantum state is exposed to its\nenvironment, which can affect quantum critical points (QCP) in a nontrivial\nway. As was pointed out in recent literature on $(1+1)d$ conformal field theory\n(CFT), the effect of weak measurement can be mathematically mapped to the\nproblem of boundary CFT. In this work, we focus on the $(2+1)d$ QCPs, whose\nboundary and defect effects have attracted enormous theoretical and numerical\ninterests very recently. We focus on decoherence caused by weak measurements\nwith and without post-selecting the measurement outcomes. Our main results are:\n(1) for an O(N) Wilson-Fisher QCP under weak measurement with post-selection,\nan observer would in general observe two different types of boundary/defect\ncriticality with very different behaviors from the well-known Wilson-Fisher\nfixed points; in particular, it is possible to observe the recently proposed\nexotic \"extraordinary-log\" correlation. (2) An extra quantum phase transition\ncan be driven by decoherence, if we consider quantities nonlinear with the\ndecohered density matrix, such as the Renyi entropy. We demonstrate the\nconnection between this transition to the information-theoretic transition\ndriven by an error in the toric code model. (3) When there is no\npost-selection, though correlation functions between local operators remain the\nsame as the undecohered pure state, nonlocal operators such as the \"disorder\noperator\" would have qualitatively distinct behaviors; and we also show that\nthe decoherence can lead to confinement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wigner-Crystal Formulation of Strong-Coupling Theory for Counter-ions\n  Near Planar Charged Interfaces: We present a new analytical approach to the strong electrostatic coupling\nregime (SC), that can be achieved equivalently at low temperatures, high\ncharges, low dielectric permittivity etc. Two geometries are analyzed in\ndetail: one charged wall first, and then, two parallel walls at small\ndistances, that can be likely or oppositely charged. In all cases, one type of\nmobile counter-ions only is present, and ensures electroneutrality (salt free\ncase). The method is based on a systematic expansion around the ground state\nformed by the two-dimensional Wigner crystal(s) of counter-ions at the\nplate(s). The leading SC order stems from a single-particle theory, and\ncoincides with the virial SC approach that has been much studied in the last 10\nyears. The first correction has the functional form of the virial SC\nprediction, but the prefactor is different. The present theory is free of\ndivergences and the obtained results, both for symmetrically and asymmetrically\ncharged plates, are in excellent agreement with available data of Monte-Carlo\nsimulations under strong and intermediate Coulombic couplings. All results\nobtained represent relevant improvements over the virial SC estimates. The\npresent SC theory starting from the Wigner crystal and therefore coined Wigner\nSC, sheds light on anomalous phenomena like the counter-ion mediated\nlike-charge attraction, and the opposite-charge repulsion.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic shape of the region visited by an Eulerian Walker: We study an Eulerian walker on a square lattice, starting from an initially\nrandomly oriented background using Monte Carlo simulations. We present evidence\nthat, that, for large number of steps $N$, the asymptotic shape of the set of\nsites visited by the walker is a perfect circle. The radius of the circle\nincreases as $N^{1/3}$, for large $N$, and the width of the boundary region\ngrows as $N^{\\alpha / 3}$, with $\\alpha = 0.40 \\pm .05$. If we introduce\nstochasticity in the evolution rules, the mean square displacement of the\nwalker, $<R_{N}^{2}> \\sim N^{2\\nu}$, shows a crossover from the Eulerian ($\\nu\n= 1/3$) to a simple random walk ($\\nu=1/2$) behaviour."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A flexible polymer chain in a critical solvent: Coil or globule?: We study the behavior of a flexible polymer chain in the presence of a\nlow-molecular weight solvent in the vicinity of a liquid-gas critical point\nwithin the framework of a self-consistent field theory. The total free energy\nof the dilute polymer solution is expressed as a function of the radius of\ngyration of the polymer and the average solvent number density within the\ngyration volume at the level of the mean-field approximation. Varying the\nstrength of attraction between polymer and solvent we show that two\nqualitatively different regimes occur at the liquid-gas critical point. In case\nof weak polymer-solvent interactions the polymer chain is in a globular state.\nOn the contrary, in case of strong polymer-solvent interactions the polymer\nchain attains an expanded conformation. We discuss the influence of the\ncritical solvent density fluctuations on the polymer conformation. The reported\neffect could be used to excert control on the polymer conformation by changing\nthe thermodynamic state of the solvent. It could also be helpful to estimate\nthe solvent density within the gyration volume of the polymer for drug delivery\nand molecular imprinting applications.",
        "positive": "Finite size effects and loss of self-averageness in the relaxational\n  dynamics of the spherical Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model: We revisit the gradient descent dynamics of the spherical\nSherrington-Kirkpatrick ($p=2$) model with finite number of degrees of freedom.\nFor fully random initial conditions we confirm that the relaxation takes place\nin three time regimes: a first algebraic one controlled by the decay of the\neigenvalue distribution of the random exchange interaction matrix at its edge\nin the infinite size limit; a faster algebraic one determined by the\ndistribution of the gap between the two extreme eigenvalues; and a final\nexponential one determined by the minimal gap sampled in the disorder average.\nWe also analyse the finite size effects on the relaxation from initial states\nwhich are almost projected on the saddles of the potential energy landscape,\nand we show that for deviations scaling as $N^{-\\nu}$ from perfect alignment\nthe system escapes the initial configuration in a time-scale scaling as $\\ln N$\nafter which the dynamics no longer \"self-averages\" with respect to the initial\nconditions. We prove these statements with a combination of analytic and\nnumerical methods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical hysteresis on dilute triangular lattice: Critical hysteresis in the zero-temperature random-field Ising model on a\ntwo-dimensional triangular lattice has been studied earlier with site dilution\non one sublattice. It was reported that criticality vanishes if less than one\nthird of the sublattice is occupied. This appears at variance with recently\nobtained exact solutions of the model on dilute Bethe lattices and prompts us\nto revisit the problem using an alternate numerical method. Contrary to our\nspeculation that criticality may not be exactly zero below one third dilution,\nthe present study indicates it is nearly zero if approximately less than\ntwo-thirds of the sublattice is occupied. This suggests that hysteresis on\ndilute periodic lattices is qualitatively different from that on dilute Bethe\nlattices. Possible reasons are discussed briefly.",
        "positive": "Dynamic first-order phase transition in kinetically constrained models\n  of glasses: We show that the dynamics of kinetically constrained models of glass formers\ntakes place at a first-order coexistence line between active and inactive\ndynamical phases. We prove this by computing the large-deviation functions of\nsuitable space-time observables, such as the number of configuration changes in\na trajectory. We present analytic results for dynamic facilitated models in a\nmean-field approximation, and numerical results for the Fredrickson-Andersen\nmodel, the East model, and constrained lattice gases, in various dimensions.\nThis dynamical first-order transition is generic in kinetically constrained\nmodels, and we expect it to be present in systems with fully jammed states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extreme Fluctuations of Current in the Symmetric Simple Exclusion\n  Process: a Non-Stationary Setting: We use the macroscopic fluctuation theory (MFT) to evaluate the probability\ndistribution P of extreme values of integrated current J at a specified time\nt=T in the symmetric simple exclusion process (SSEP) on an infinite line. As\nshown recently [Phys. Rev. E 89, 010101(R) (2014)], the SSEP belongs to the\nelliptic universality class. Here, for very large currents, the diffusion terms\nof the MFT equations can be neglected compared with the terms coming from the\nshot noise. Using the hodograph transformation and an additional change of\nvariables, we reduce the \"inviscid\" MFT equations to Laplace's equation in an\nextended space. This opens the way to an exact solution. Here we solve the\nextreme-current problem for a flat deterministic initial density profile with\nan arbitrary density 0<n<1. The solution yields the most probable density\nhistory of the system conditional on the extreme current, and leads to a\nsuper-Gaussian extreme-current statistics, - ln P = F(n) J^3/T, in agreement\nwith Derrida and Gerschenfeld [J. Stat. Phys. 137, 978 (2009)]. We calculate\nthe function F(n) analytically. It is symmetric with respect to the\nhalf-filling density n=1/2, diverges as n approached 0 or 1, and exhibits a\nsingularity F(n) |n-1/2| at the half-filling density n=1/2.",
        "positive": "Collapse and Bose-Einstein condensation in a trapped Bose-gas with\n  negative scattering length: We find that the key features of the evolution and collapse of a trapped Bose\ncondensate with negative scattering length are predetermined by the particle\nflux from the above-condensate cloud to the condensate and by 3-body\nrecombination of Bose-condensed atoms. The collapse, starting once the number\nof Bose-condensed atoms reaches the critical value, ceases and turns to\nexpansion when the density of the collapsing cloud becomes so high that the\nrecombination losses dominate over attractive interparticle interaction. As a\nresult, we obtain a sequence of collapses, each of them followed by dynamic\noscillations of the condensate. In every collapse the 3-body recombination\nburns only a part of the condensate, and the number of Bose-condensed atoms\nalways remains finite. However, it can comparatively slowly decrease after the\ncollapse, due to the transfer of the condensate particles to the\nabove-condensate cloud in the course of damping of the condensate oscillations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The covariant Langevin equation: The covariant form of the multivariable diffusion-drift process is described\nby the covariant Fokker--Planck equation using the standard toolbox of Riemann\ngeometry. The covariant form of the equivalent Langevin stochastic equation is\nlong sought after. We start from the simplest covariant Stratonovich stochastic\ndifferential equation depending on the local orthogonal frame (cf. vielbein).\nWe show that this stochastic differential equation (Graham, 1977) becomes the\ndesired covariant Langevin equation but only if we impose an additional\ncovariant constraint: the vectors of the frame must be divergence-free.",
        "positive": "Truncated Levy distributions in an inelastic gas: We study a one-dimensional model for granular gases, the so-called Inelastic\nMaxwell Model. We show theoretically the existence of stationary solutions of\nthe unforced case, that are characterized by an infinite average energy per\nparticle. Moreover, we verify the quasi-stationarity of these states by\nperforming numerical simulations with a finite number of particles, thereby\nhighlighting truncated L\\'evy distributions for the velocities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Robust propagation direction of stresses in a minimal granular packing: By employing the adaptive network simulation method, we demonstrate that the\nensemble-averaged stress caused by a local force for packings of frictionless\nrigid beads is concentrated along rays whose slope is consistent with unity:\nforces propagate along lines at 45 degrees to the horizontal or vertical. This\nslope is shown to be independent of polydispersity or the degree to which the\nsystem is sheared. Further confirmation of this result comes from fitting the\ncomponents of the stress tensor to the null stress constitutive equation. The\nmagnitude of the response is also shown to fall off with the -1/2 power of\ndistance. We argue that our findings are a natural consequence of a system that\npreserves its volume under small perturbations.",
        "positive": "Dispersive diffusion controlled distance dependent recombination in\n  amorphous semiconductors: The photoluminescence in amorphous semiconductors decays according to power\nlaw $t^{-delta}$ at long times. The photoluminescence is controlled by\ndispersive transport of electrons. The latter is usually characterized by the\npower $alpha$ of the transient current observed in the time-of-flight\nexperiments. Geminate recombination occurs by radiative tunneling which has a\ndistance dependence. In this paper, we formulate ways to calculate reaction\nrates and survival probabilities in the case carriers execute dispersive\ndiffusion with long-range reactivity. The method is applied to obtain tunneling\nrecombination rates under dispersive diffusion. The theoretical condition of\nobserving the relation $delta = alpha/2 + 1$ is obtained and theoretical\nrecombination rates are compared to the kinetics of observed photoluminescence\ndecay in the whole time range measured."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wavelet transforms in a critical interface model for Barkhausen noise: We discuss the application of wavelet transforms to a critical interface\nmodel, which is known to provide a good description of Barkhausen noise in soft\nferromagnets. The two-dimensional version of the model (one-dimensional\ninterface) is considered, mainly in the adiabatic limit of very slow driving.\nOn length scales shorter than a crossover length (which grows with the strength\nof surface tension), the effective interface roughness exponent $\\zeta$ is\n$\\simeq 1.20$, close to the expected value for the universality class of the\nquenched Edwards-Wilkinson model. We find that the waiting times between\navalanches are fully uncorrelated, as the wavelet transform of their\nautocorrelations scales as white noise. Similarly, detrended size-size\ncorrelations give a white-noise wavelet transform. Consideration of finite\ndriving rates, still deep within the intermittent regime, shows the wavelet\ntransform of correlations scaling as $1/f^{1.5}$ for intermediate frequencies.\nThis behavior is ascribed to intra-avalanche correlations.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium phase transition in spin-S Ising ferromagnet driven by\n  Propagating and Standing magnetic field wave: The dynamical response of spin-S (S=1, 3/2, 2, 3) Ising ferromagnet to the\nplane propagating wave , standing magnetic field wave and uniformly oscillating\nfield with constant frequency are studied separately in two dimensions by\nextensive Monte Carlo simulation. Depending upon the strength of the magnetic\nfield and the value of the spin state of the Ising spin lattice two different\ndynamical phases are observed. For a fixed value of S and the amplitude of the\npropagating magnetic field wave the system undergoes a dynamical phase\ntransition from propagating phase to pinned phase as the temperature of the\nsystem is cooled down. Similarly in case with standing magnetic wave the system\nundergoes dynamical phase transition from high temperature phase where spins\noscillates coherently in alternate bands of half wavelength of the standing\nmagnetic wave to the low temperature pinned or spin frozen phase. For a fixed\nvalue of the amplitude of magnetic field oscillation the transition temperature\nis observed to decrease to a limiting value as the value of spin S is\nincreased. The time averaged magnetisation over a full cycle of the magnetic\nfield oscillation plays the role of the dynamic order parameter. A\ncomprehensive phase boundary is drawn in the plane of magnetic field amplitude\nand dynamic transition temperature. It is found that the phase boundary shrinks\ninwards for high value of spin state S. Also in the low temperature (and high\nfield) region the phase boundaries are closely spaced."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Close-packed granular clusters: hydrostatics and persistent Gaussian\n  fluctuations: Dense granular clusters often behave like macro-particles. We address this\ninteresting phenomenon in a model system of inelastically colliding hard disks\ninside a circular box, driven by a thermal wall at zero gravity. Molecular\ndynamics simulations show a close-packed cluster of an almost circular shape,\nweakly fluctuating in space and isolated from the driving wall by a low-density\ngas. The density profile of the system agrees very well with the azimuthally\nsymmetric solution of granular hydrostatic equations employing constitutive\nrelations by Grossman et al., whereas the widely used Enskog-type constitutive\nrelations show poor accuracy. We find that fluctuations of the center of mass\nof the system are Gaussian. This suggests an effective Langevin description in\nterms of a macro-particle, confined by a harmonic potential and driven by a\ndelta-correlated noise. Surprisingly, the fluctuations persist when increasing\nthe number of particles in the system.",
        "positive": "Different effects of external force fields on aging L\u00e9vy walk: Aging phenomena have been observed in numerous physical systems. Many\nstatistical quantities depend on the aging time $t_a$ for aging anomalous\ndiffusion processes. This paper pays more attention to how an external force\nfield affects the aging L\\'{e}vy walk. Based on the Langevin picture of\nL\\'{e}vy walk and generalized Green-Kubo formula, we investigate the quantities\nwhich include the ensemble- and time-averaged mean-squared displacements in\nboth weak aging $t_a\\ll t$ and strong aging $t_a\\gg t$ cases, and compare them\nto the quantities in the absence of any force field. Two typical force fields,\nconstant force $F$ and time-dependent periodic force $F(t)=f_0\\sin(\\omega t)$,\nare considered for comparison. The generalized Einstein relation is also\ndiscussed in the case with constant force. We find that the constant force is\nthe key of generating the aging phenomena and enhancing the diffusion behavior\nof aging L\\'{e}vy walk, while the time-dependent periodic force is not. The\ndifferent effects of the two kinds of forces on the aging phenomena of L\\'{e}vy\nwalk are verified by both theoretical analyses and numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nanomachines driven by thermal bath: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes based nanomachines driven by thermal bath are\nproposed in this Letter. Atomistic simulation shows that intershell\ntranslational and rotational motion can be activated at sufficiently high\ntemperature, where the van der Waals potential barrier is accessible by the\nthermal fluctuation. The thermal fluctuation is further identified to be\nconsistent with the equipartition theorem. This model can be used to construct\none dimensional devices driven by thermal bath or nano-channels for molecule\ntransport.",
        "positive": "The effect of time-correlated noise on the Kuramoto model studied via\n  the unified colored noise approximation: Many natural and social phenomena are characterized by synchronization. The\nKuramoto model, taking into account the basic ingredients for observing\nsynchronized states, allows to study mathematically synchronization in a\nsimplified but nontrivial picture. Here we study how a noise that is correlated\non a finite time-scale $\\tau$ impacts the ability of the Kuramoto model to\nachieve synchronization. We develop an approximated theory that allows to\ncompute the critical coupling constant $k_c$ as a function of the correlation\ntime $\\tau$. We obtain that that $k_c(\\tau)$ decreases as $\\tau$ increases\nindicating that time-correlated noise promotes synchronization. Moreover, we\nshow that theory describes qualitatively well the degree of synchronization\nnear $k_c$ obtained numerically. Finally, we show that, independently on the\nvalue of $\\tau$, the curves of the order parameter versus $k$ scale on the same\nmaster curve even at values of $k$ very far from $k_c$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wasserstein distance in speed limit inequalities for Markov jump\n  processes: The role of the Wasserstein distance in the thermodynamic speed limit\ninequalities for Markov jump processes is investigated. We elucidate the nature\nof the Wasserstein distance in the thermodynamic speed limit inequality from\nthree different perspectives with resolving three remaining problems. In the\nfirst part, we derive a unified speed limit inequality for a general weighted\ngraph, which reproduces both the conventional speed limit inequality and the\ntrade-off relation between current and entropy production as its special case.\nIn the second part, we treat the setting where the tightest bound with the\nWasserstein distance has not yet been obtained and investigate why such a bound\nis out of reach. In the third part, we compare the speed limit inequalities for\nMarkov jump processes with L$^1$-Wasserstein distance and for overdamped\nLangevin systems with L$^2$-Wasserstein distance, and argue that these two have\ndifferent origins despite their apparent similarity.",
        "positive": "Clausius formula and the Second law in the process of thermalization: An adiabatic thermalization between $n$ bodies is an irreversible process,\nleading to a rise in the total entropy of the bodies and yields a final common\ntemperature $T_F$. We express the Clausius formula that computes the entropy\nchange between the initial non-equilibrium state and the final equilibrium\nstate, using another equilibrium state of the $n$ bodies for the given initial\nentropy, that corresponds to a temperature $T_f$. The second law inequality\nfollows from the fact $T_f < T_F$, under the assumption of positive heat\ncapacities of the bodies. We derive this inequality for the discrete case of\n$n$ bodies as well as the continuum case of an unequally heated rod. As an\nexample, we illustrate our results for the case of temperature-independent heat\ncapacity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extinction statistics in N random interacting species: A randomly interacting N-species Lotka-Volterra system in the presence of a\nGaussian multiplicative noise is analyzed. The investigation is focused on the\nrole of this external noise into the statistical properties of the extinction\ntimes of the populations. The distributions show a Gaussian shape for each\nnoise intensity value investigated. A monotonic behavior of the mean extinction\ntime as a function of the noise intensity is found, while a nonmonotonic\nbehavior of the width of the extinction time probability distribution\ncharacterizes the dynamical evolution.",
        "positive": "Cellular automata in $d$ dimensions and ground states of spin models in\n  $(d+1)$ dimensions: We show how the trajectories of $d$-dimensional cellular automata (CA) can be\nused to determine the ground states of $(d+1)$-dimensional classical spin\nmodels, and we characterise their quantum phase transition, when in the\npresence of a transverse magnetic field. For each of the 256 one-dimensional\nelementary CA we explicitly construct the simplest local two-dimensional\nclassical spin model associated to the given CA, and we also describe this\nmethod for $d>1$ through selected examples. We illustrate our general\nobservations with detailed studies of: (i) the $d=1$ CA Rule 150 and its $d=2$\nfour-body plaquette spin model, (ii) the $d=2$ CA whose associated model is the\n$d=3$ square-pyramid plaquette model, and (iii) two counter-propagating $d=1$\nRule 60 CA that correspond to the two-dimensional Baxter-Wu spin model. For the\nquantum spin models, we show that the connection to CAs implies a sensitivity\non the approach to the thermodynamic limit via finite size scaling for their\nquantum phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Drift and Diffusion in Periodically Driven Renewal Processes: We consider the drift and diffusion properties of periodically driven renewal\nprocesses. These processes are defined by a periodically time dependent waiting\ntime distribution, which governs the interval between subsequent events. We\nshow that the growth of the cumulants of the number of events is asymptotically\nperiodic and develop a theory which relates these periodic growth coefficients\nto the waiting time distribution defining the periodic renewal process. The\nfirst two coefficients, which are the mean frequency and effective diffusion\ncoefficient of the number of events are considered in greater detail. They may\nbe used to quantify stochastic synchronization.",
        "positive": "Aging Wiener-Khinchin Theorem and Critical Exponents of $1/f$ Noise: The power spectrum of a stationary process may be calculated in terms of the\nautocorrelation function using the Wiener-Khinchin theorem. We here generalize\nthe Wiener-Khinchin theorem for nonstationary processes and introduce a\ntime-dependent power spectrum $\\left\\langle S_{t_m}(\\omega)\\right\\rangle$ where\n$t_m$ is the measurement time. For processes with an aging correlation function\nof the form $\\left\\langle I(t)I(t+\\tau)\\right\\rangle=t^{\\Upsilon}\\phi_{\\rm\nEA}(\\tau/t)$, where $\\phi_{\\rm EA}(x)$ is a nonanalytic function when $x$ is\nsmall, we find aging $1/f$ noise. Aging $1/f$ noise is characterized by five\ncritical exponents. We derive the relations between the scaled correlation\nfunction and these exponents. We show that our definition of the time-dependent\nspectrum retains its interpretation as a density of Fourier modes and discuss\nthe relation to the apparent infrared divergence of $1/f$ noise. We illustrate\nour results for blinking quantum dot models, single-file diffusion and Brownian\nmotion in logarithmic potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wetting critical behavior in the quantum Ising model within the\n  framework of Lindblad dissipative dynamics: We investigate the critical behavior, both in space and time, of the wetting\ninterface within the coexistence region around the first-order phase transition\nof a fully-connected quantum Ising model in slab geometry. For that, we employ\nthe Lindblad master equation formalism in which temperature is inherited by the\ncoupling to a dissipative bath, rather than being a functional parameter as in\nthe conventional Cahn's free energy. Lindblad's approach gives not only access\nto the dissipative dynamics and steady-state configuration of the quantum\nwetting interface throughout the whole phase diagram but also shows that the\nwetting critical behavior can be successfully exploited to characterize the\nphase diagram as an alternative to the direct evaluation of the free energies\nof the competing phases.",
        "positive": "Fluids confined in wedges and by edges: virial series for the\n  line-thermodynamic properties of hard spheres: This work is devoted to analyze the relation between the thermodynamic\nproperties of a confined fluid and the shape of its confining vessel. Recently,\nnew insights in this topic were found through the study of cluster integrals\nfor inhomogeneous fluids, that revealed the dependence on the vessel shape of\nthe low density behavior of the system. Here, the statistical mechanics and\nthermodynamics of fluids confined in wedges or by edges is revisited, focusing\non their cluster integrals. In particular, the well known hard sphere fluid,\nwhich was not studied in this framework so far, is analyzed under confinement\nand its thermodynamic properties are analytically studied up to order two in\nthe density. Furthermore, the analysis is extended to the confinement produced\nby a corrugated wall. These results rely on the obtained analytic expression\nfor the second cluster integral of the confined hard sphere system as a\nfunction of the opening dihedral angle $0<\\beta<2\\pi$. It enables a unified\napproach to both wedges and edges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization group study of marginal ferromagnetism: When studying the collective motion of biological groups a useful theoretical\nframework is that of ferromagnetic systems, in which the alignment interactions\nare a surrogate of the effective imitation among the individuals. In this\ncontext, the experimental discovery of scale-free correlations of speed\nfluctuations in starling flocks poses a challenge to the common statistical\nphysics wisdom, as in the ordered phase of standard ferromagnetic models with\n$\\mathrm{O}(n)$ symmetry, the modulus of the order parameter has finite\ncorrelation length. To make sense of this anomaly a novel ferromagnetic theory\nhas been proposed, where the bare confining potential has zero second\nderivative (i.e.\\ it is marginal) along the modulus of the order parameter. The\nmarginal model exhibits a zero-temperature critical point, where the modulus\ncorrelation length diverges, hence allowing to boost both correlation and\ncollective order by simply reducing the temperature. Here, we derive an\neffective field theory describing the marginal model close to the $T=0$\ncritical point and calculate the renormalization group equations at one loop\nwithin a momentum shell approach. We discover a non-trivial scenario, as the\ncubic and quartic vertices do not vanish in the infrared limit, while the\ncoupling constants effectively regulating the exponents $\\nu$ and $\\eta$ have\nupper critical dimension $d_c=2$, so that in three dimensions the critical\nexponents acquire their free values, $\\nu=1/2$ and $\\eta=0$. This theoretical\nscenario is verified by a Monte Carlo study of the modulus susceptibility in\nthree dimensions, where the standard finite-size scaling relations have to be\nadapted to the case of $d>d_c$. The numerical data fully confirm our\ntheoretical results.",
        "positive": "Critical Phenomena and Renormalization-Group Theory: We review results concerning the critical behavior of spin systems at\nequilibrium. We consider the Ising and the general O($N$)-symmetric\nuniversality classes, including the $N\\to 0$ limit that describes the critical\nbehavior of self-avoiding walks. For each of them, we review the estimates of\nthe critical exponents, of the equation of state, of several amplitude ratios,\nand of the two-point function of the order parameter. We report results in\nthree and two dimensions. We discuss the crossover phenomena that are observed\nin this class of systems. In particular, we review the field-theoretical and\nnumerical studies of systems with medium-range interactions. Moreover, we\nconsider several examples of magnetic and structural phase transitions, which\nare described by more complex Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson Hamiltonians, such as\n$N$-component systems with cubic anisotropy, O($N$)-symmetric systems in the\npresence of quenched disorder, frustrated spin systems with noncollinear or\ncanted order, and finally, a class of systems described by the tetragonal\nLandau-Ginzburg-Wilson Hamiltonian with three quartic couplings. The results\nfor the tetragonal Hamiltonian are original, in particular we present the\nsix-loop perturbative series for the $\\beta$-functions. Finally, we consider a\nHamiltonian with symmetry $O(n_1)\\oplus O(n_2)$ that is relevant for the\ndescription of multicritical phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unified Scaling Law for Earthquakes: We show that the distribution of waiting times between earthquakes occurring\nin California obeys a simple unified scaling law valid from tens of seconds to\ntens of years, see Eq. (1) and Fig. 4. The short time clustering, commonly\nreferred to as aftershocks, is nothing but the short time limit of the general\nhierarchical properties of earthquakes. There is no unique operational way of\ndistinguishing between main shocks and aftershocks. In the unified law, the\nGutenberg-Richter b-value, the exponent -1 of the Omori law for aftershocks,\nand the fractal dimension d_f of earthquakes appear as critical indices.",
        "positive": "Phase-ordering kinetics of two-dimensional disordered Ising models: The phase-ordering kinetics of the ferromagnetic two-dimensional Ising model\nwith uniform disorder is investigated by intensive Monte Carlo simulations.\nTaking into account finite-time corrections to scaling, simple ageing behaviour\nis observed in the two-time responses and correlators. The dynamical exponent z\nand the form of the scaling functions only depend on the ratio eps/T, where eps\ndescribes the width of the distribution of the disorder. The agreement of the\npredictions of local scale-invariance generalised to z<> 2 for the two-time\nscaling functions of response and correlations with the numerical data provides\na direct test of generalised Galilei-invariance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A statistical mechanics model for the emergence of consensus: The statistical properties of pairwise majority voting over S alternatives is\nanalyzed in an infinite random population. We first compute the probability\nthat the majority is transitive (i.e. that if it prefers A to B to C, then it\nprefers A to C) and then study the case of an interacting population. This is\ndescribed by a constrained multi-component random field Ising model whose\nferromagnetic phase describes the emergence of a strong transitive majority. We\nderive the phase diagram, which is characterized by a tri-critical point and\nshow that, contrary to intuition, it may be more likely for an interacting\npopulation to reach consensus on a number S of alternatives when S increases.\nThis effect is due to the constraint imposed by transitivity on voting\nbehavior. Indeed if agents are allowed to express non transitive votes, the\nagents' interaction may decrease considerably the probability of a transitive\nmajority.",
        "positive": "Emergent Fracton Dynamics in a Non-Planar Dimer Model: We study the late time relaxation dynamics of a pure $U(1)$ lattice gauge\ntheory in the form of a dimer model on a bilayer geometry. To this end, we\nfirst develop a proper notion of hydrodynamic transport in such a system by\nconstructing a global conservation law that can be attributed to the presence\nof topological solitons. The correlation functions of local objects charged\nunder this conservation law can then be used to study the universal properties\nof the dynamics at late times, applicable to both quantum and classical\nsystems. Performing the time evolution via classically simulable automata\ncircuits unveils a rich phenomenology of the system's non-equilibrium\nproperties: For a large class of relevant initial states, local charges are\neffectively restricted to move along one-dimensional 'tubes' within the\nquasi-two-dimensional system, displaying fracton-like mobility constraints. The\ntime scale on which these tubes are stable diverges with increasing systems\nsize, yielding a novel mechanism for non-ergodic behavior in the thermodynamic\nlimit. We further explore the role of geometry by studying the system in a\nquasi-one-dimensional limit, where the Hilbert space is strongly fragmented due\nto the emergence of an extensive number of conserved quantities. This provides\nan instance of a recently introduced concept of 'statistically localized\nintegrals of motion', whose universal anomalous hydrodynamics we determine by a\nmapping to a problem of classical tracer diffusion. We conclude by discussing\nhow our approach might generalize to study transport in other lattice gauge\ntheories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Full-counting statistics of charge and spin transport in the transient\n  regime: A nonequilibrium Green's function approach: We report the investigation of full-counting statistics (FCS) of transferred\ncharge and spin in the transient regime where the connection between central\nscattering region (quantum dot) and leads are turned on at $t=0$. A general\ntheoretical formulation for the generating function (GF) is presented using a\nnonequilibrium Green's function approach for the quantum dot system. In\nparticular, we give a detailed derivation on how to use the method of path\nintegral together with nonequilibrium Green's function technique to obtain the\nGF of FCS in electron transport systems based on the two-time quantum\nmeasurement scheme. The correct long-time limit of the formalism, the\nLevitov-Lesovik's formula, is obtained. This formalism can be generalized to\naccount for spin transport for the system with noncollinear spin as well as\nspin-orbit interaction. As an example, we have calculated the GF of\nspin-polarized transferred charge, transferred spin, as well as the spin\ntransferred torque for a magnetic tunneling junction in the transient regime.\nThe GF is compactly expressed by a functional determinant represented by\nGreen's function and self-energy in the time domain. With this formalism, FCS\nin spintronics in the transient regime can be studied. We also extend this\nformalism to the quantum point contact system. For numerical results, we\ncalculate the GF and various cumulants of a double quantum dot system connected\nby two leads in transient regime. The signature of universal oscillation of FCS\nis identified. On top of the global oscillation, local oscillations are found\nin various cumulants as a result of the Rabi oscillation. Finally, the\ninfluence of the temperature is also examined.",
        "positive": "Phase Transition in Dimer Liquids: We study the phase transition in a system composed of dimers interacting with\neach other via a nearest-neighbor (NN) exchange $J$ and competing interactions\ntaken from a truncated dipolar coupling. Each dimer occupies a link between two\nnearest sites of a simple cubic lattice. We suppose that dimers are\nself-avoiding and can have only three orientations which coincide with the $x$,\n$y$ or $z$ direction. The interaction $J$ is attractive if the two dimers are\nparallel with each other at the NN distance, zero otherwise. The truncated\ndipolar interaction is characterized by two parameters: its amplitude $D$ and\nthe cutoff distance $r_c$. Using the steepest-descent method, we determine the\nground-state (GS) configuration as functions of $D$ and $r_c$. We then use\nMonte Carlo simulations to investigate the nature of the low-temperature phase\nand to determine characteristics of the phase transition from the ordered phase\nto the disordered phase at high temperatures at a given dimer concentration. We\nshow that as the temperature increases, dimers remain in the compact state and\nthe transition from the low-$T$ compact phase to the disordered phase where\ndimers occupy the whole space is of second order when $D$ is small, but it\nbecomes of first order for large enough $D$, for both polarized and non\npolarized dimers. This transition has a resemblance with the unfolding polymer\ntransition. The effect of $r_c$ is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "$U_{\\mathfrak{q}}(\\mathfrak{sl}_3)$ web models: Locality, phase diagram\n  and geometrical defects: We continue investigating the generalisations of geometrical statistical\nmodels introduced in [13], in the form of models of webs on the hexagonal\nlattice H having a U_q(sl_n) quantum group symmetry. We focus here on the n=3\ncase of cubic webs, based on the Kuperberg A_2 spider, and illustrate its\nproperties by comparisons with the well-known dilute loop model (the n=2 case)\nthroughout. A local vertex-model reformulation is exhibited, analogous to the\ncorrespondence between the loop model and a three-state vertex model. The n=3\nrepresentation uses seven states per link of H, displays explicitly the\ngeometrical content of the webs and their U_q(sl_3) symmetry, and permits us to\nstudy the model on a cylinder via a local transfer matrix. A numerical study of\nthe central charge reveals that for each q $\\in \\mathbb{C}$ in the critical\nregime, |q|=1, the web model possesses a dense and a dilute critical point,\njust like its loop model counterpart. In the dense $q=-e^{i \\pi/4}$ case, the\nn=3 webs can be identified with spin interfaces of the critical three-state\nPotts model defined on the triangular lattice dual to H. We also provide\nanother mapping to a $\\mathbb{Z}_3$ spin model on H itself, using a\nhigh-temperature expansion. We then discuss the sector structure of the\ntransfer matrix, for generic q, and its relation to defect configurations in\nboth the strip and the cylinder geometries. These defects define the\nfinite-size precursors of electromagnetic operators. This discussion paves the\nroad for a Coulomb gas description of the conformal properties of defect webs,\nwhich will form the object of a subsequent paper. Finally, we identify the\nfractal dimension of critical webs in the $q=-e^{i \\pi/3}$ case, which is the\nn=3 analogue of the polymer limit in the loop model.",
        "positive": "Renormalization of earthquake aftershocks: Together with the Gutenberg-Richter distribution of earthquake magnitudes,\nOmori's law is the best established empirical characterization of earthquake\nsequences and states that the number of smaller earthquakes per unit time\ntriggered by a main shock decays approximately as the inverse of the time\n($1/t^p$, with $p \\approx 1$) since the main shock. Based on these\nobservations, we explore the theoretical hypothesis in which each earthquake\ncan produce a series of aftershock independently of its size according to its\n``local'' Omori's law with exponent $p=1+\\theta$. In this scenario, an\naftershock of the main shock produces itself other aftershocks which themselves\nproduce aftershocks, and so on. The global observable Omori's law is found to\nhave two distinct power law regimes, the first one with exponent $p_-=1 -\n\\theta$ for time $t < t^* \\sim \\kappa^{-1/\\theta}$, where $0<1-\\kappa <1$\nmeasures the fraction of triggered earthquakes per triggering earthquake, and\nthe second one with exponent $p_+=1 + \\theta$ for larger times. The existence\nof these two regimes rationalizes the observation of Kisslinger and Jones\n[1991] that the Omori's exponent $p$ seems positively correlated to the surface\nheat flow: a higher heat flow is a signature of a higher crustal temperature,\nwhich leads to larger strain relaxation by creep, corresponding to fewer events\ntriggered per earthquake, i.e. to a larger $\\kappa$, and thus to a smaller\n$t^*$, leading to an effective measured exponent more heavily weighted toward\n$p_+>1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling Exponents of Rough Surfaces Generated by the Domany-Kinzel\n  Cellular Automaton: The critical behavior at the frozen/active transition in the Domany-Kinzel\nstochastic cellular automaton (DKCA) is studied {\\it via} a surface growth\nprocess in (1+1) dimensions. At criticality, this process presents a kinetic\nroughening transition; we measure the critical exponents in simulations. Two\nupdate schemes are considered: in the symmetric scheme, the growth surfaces\nbelong to the Directed Percolation (DP) universality class, except at one\nterminal point. At this point, the phase transition is discontinuous and the\nsurfaces belong to the Compact Directed Percolation universality class. The\nrelabeling of space-time points in the nonsymmetric scheme alters the surface\ngrowth dramatically. The critical behavior of rough surfaces at the\nnonchaotic/chaotic transition is also studied using the damage spreading\ntechnique; the exponents confirm DP values for the symmetric scheme.",
        "positive": "Weakly Nonextensive Thermostatistics and the Ising Model with\n  Long--range Interactions: We introduce a nonextensive entropic measure $S_{\\chi}$ that grows like\n$N^{\\chi}$, where $N$ is the size of the system under consideration. This kind\nof nonextensivity arises in a natural way in some $N$-body systems endowed with\nlong-range interactions described by $r^{-\\alpha}$ interparticle potentials.\nThe power law (weakly nonextensive) behavior exhibited by $S_{\\chi}$ is\nintermediate between (1) the linear (extensive) regime characterizing the\nstandard Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy and the (2) the exponential law (strongly\nnonextensive) behavior associated with the Tsallis generalized $q$-entropies.\nThe functional $S_{\\chi} $ is parametrized by the real number $\\chi \\in[1,2]$\nin such a way that the standard logarithmic entropy is recovered when $\\chi=1$\n>. We study the mathematical properties of the new entropy, showing that the\nbasic requirements for a well behaved entropy functional are verified, i.e.,\n$S_{\\chi}$ possesses the usual properties of positivity, equiprobability,\nconcavity and irreversibility and verifies Khinchin axioms except the one\nrelated to additivity since $S_{\\chi}$ is nonextensive. For $1<\\chi<2$, the\nentropy $S_{\\chi}$ becomes superadditive in the thermodynamic limit. The\npresent formalism is illustrated by a numerical study of the thermodynamic\nscaling laws of a ferromagnetic Ising model with long-range interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of a mean-field approach of an irreversible aggregation\n  with a time dependent rate deposition: In this paper we propose a solution for the time evolution of the island\ndensity with irreversible aggregation and a time dependent input of particle in\nthe space dimensions $d=1,2$. For this purpose we use the rate equation\nresulting from a generalized mean field approach. A well-known technique for\ngrowing surfaces at the atomic scale is molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Another\napproach is the pulsed laser deposition method (PLD). The main difference\nbetween MBE and PLD is that in the case of MBE we have a continuous rate of\ndeposition $F$ of adatoms on the surface whereas in the case of PLD the adatoms\nare deposited during a pulse of a laser which is very short in comparison to\nthe time span $T$ between the pulses. The generalized mean field theory is a\nuseful model for both MBE and PLD with the most simple approximation,\npoint-like island. We show that the parameter $T$ distinguishes the MBE regime\nfrom the PLD regime. We solve the rate equation for the PLD regime. We consider\nthe time evolution of the density of immobile islands. For large time $t\\gg T$,\nthe PLD regime dominates the MBE regime and we find that the density of\nimmobile islands grows as $t^{1/2}$ whereas for MBE we find the known behavior\nof the density, $t^{1/3}$ for $d=2$ and $t^{1/4}$ for $d=1$. We illustrate this\nresult with Monte-Carlo simulations for $d=1,2$.",
        "positive": "Quasi locality of the GGE in interacting-to-free quenches in\n  relativistic field theories: We study the quench dynamics in continuous relativistic quantum field theory,\nmore specifically the locality properties of the large time stationary state.\nAfter a quantum quench in a one-dimensional integrable model, the expectation\nvalues of local observables are expected to relax to a Generalized Gibbs\nEnsemble (GGE), constructed out of the conserved charges of the model.\nQuenching to a free bosonic theory, it has been shown that the system indeed\nrelaxes to a GGE described by the momentum mode occupation numbers. We first\naddress the question whether the latter can be written directly in terms of\nlocal charges and we find that, in contrast to the lattice case, this is not\npossible in continuous field theories. We then investigate the less stringent\nrequirement of the existence of a sequence of truncated local GGEs that\nconverges to the correct steady state, in the sense of the expectation values\nof the local observables. While we show that such a sequence indeed exists, in\norder to unequivocally determine the so-defined GGE, we find that information\nabout the expectation value of the recently discovered quasi-local charges is\nin the end necessary, the latter being the suitable generalization of the local\ncharges while passing from the lattice to the continuum. Lastly, we study the\nlocality properties of the GGE and show that the latter is completely\ndetermined by the knowledge of the expectation value of a countable set of\nsuitably defined quasi-local charges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First order phase transitions in nanoscopic systems: The problem of first order phase transitions in nanoscopic systems is\ninvestigated in the framework of Hill's nanothermodynamics. We obtain the\nequilibrium conditions and a generalized version of the Clapeyron-Clausius\nequation for a nanoscopic system which contains two phases. Our study is\nexemplified for the case when one of the phases consists of an ideal gas.",
        "positive": "Majority vote model with ancillary noise in complex networks: We analyze the properties of the majority-vote (MV) model with an additional\nnoise in which a local spin can be changed independently of its neighborhood.\nIn the standard MV, one of the simplest nonequilibrium systems exhibiting an\norder-disorder phase transition, spins are aligned with their local majority\nwith probability $1-f$, and with complementary probability $f$, the majority\nrule is not followed. In the noisy MV (NMV), a random spin flip is succeeded\nwith probability $p$ (with complementary $1-p$ the usual MV rule is\naccomplished). Such extra ingredient was considered by Vieira and Crokidakis\n[Physica A {\\bf 450}, 30 (2016)] for the square lattice. Here, we generalize\nthe NMV for arbitrary networks, including homogeneous [random regular (RR) and\nErd\\\"os Renyi (ER)] and heterogeneous [Barabasi-Albert (BA)] structures,\nthrough mean-field calculations and numerical simulations. Results coming from\nboth approaches are in excellent agreement with each other, revealing that the\npresence of additional noise does not affect the classification of phase\ntransition, which remains continuous irrespective of the network degree and its\ndistribution. The critical point and the threshold probability $p_t$ marking\nthe disappearance of the ordered phase depend on the node distribution and\nincrease with the connectivity $k$. The critical behavior, investigated\nnumerically, exhibits a common set of critical exponents for RR and ER\ntopologies, but different from BA and regular lattices. Finally, our results\nindicate that (in contrary to a previous proposition) there is no first-order\ntransition in the NMV for large $k$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information Geometry for Husimi-Temperley Model: We examine phase transition of the Husimi-Temperley model in terms of\ninformation geometry. For this purpose, we introduce the Fisher metric defined\nby the density matrix of the model. We find that the metric becomes hyperbolic\nat the critical point with respect to the energy scale. Then, the metric is\ninvariant under the scale transformation. We also find that the equation of\nstates is naturally derived from a necessary condition for the entropy operator\nthat is a building block of the metric. Based on these findings, we conclude\nthat the geometric quantities clearly detect the phase transition of the model.",
        "positive": "Action Functional Gradient Descent algorithm for estimating escape paths\n  in Stochastic Chemical Reaction Networks: We first derive the Hamilton-Jacobi theory underlying continuous-time Markov\nprocesses, and then use the construction to develop a variational algorithm for\nestimating escape (least improbable or first passage) paths for a generic\nstochastic chemical reaction network that exhibits multiple fixed points. The\ndesign of our algorithm is such that it is independent of the underlying\ndimensionality of the system, the discretization control parameters are updated\ntowards the continuum limit, and there is an easy-to-calculate measure for the\ncorrectness of its solution. We consider several applications of the algorithm\nand verify them against computationally expensive means such as the shooting\nmethod and stochastic simulation. While we employ theoretical techniques from\nmathematical physics, numerical optimization and chemical reaction network\ntheory, we hope that our work finds practical applications with an\ninter-disciplinary audience including chemists, biologists, optimal control\ntheorists and game theorists."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Error Analysis of Modified Langevin Dynamics: We consider Langevin dynamics associated with a modified kinetic energy\nvanishing for small momenta. This allows us to freeze slow particles, and hence\navoid the re-computation of inter-particle forces, which leads to computational\ngains. On the other hand, the statistical error may increase since there are a\npriori more correlations in time. The aim of this work is first to prove the\nergodicity of the modified Langevin dynamics (which fails to be hypoelliptic),\nand next to analyze how the asymptotic variance on ergodic averages depends on\nthe parameters of the modified kinetic energy. Numerical results illustrate the\napproach, both for low-dimensional systems where we resort to a Galerkin\napproximation of the generator, and for more realistic systems using Monte\nCarlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Spontaneous nucleation of structural defects in inhomogeneous ion chains: Structural defects in ion crystals can be formed during a linear quench of\nthe transverse trapping frequency across the mechanical instability from a\nlinear chain to the zigzag structure. The density of defects after the sweep\ncan be conveniently described by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. In particular, the\nnumber of kinks in the zigzag ordering can be derived from a time-dependent\nGinzburg-Landau equation for the order parameter, here the zigzag transverse\nsize, under the assumption that the ions are continuously laser cooled. In a\nlinear Paul trap the transition becomes inhomogeneous, being the charge density\nlarger in the center and more rarefied at the edges. During the linear quench\nthe mechanical instability is first crossed in the center of the chain, and a\nfront, at which the mechanical instability is crossed during the quench, is\nidentified which propagates along the chain from the center to the edges. If\nthe velocity of this front is smaller than the sound velocity, the dynamics\nbecomes adiabatic even in the thermodynamic limit and no defect is produced.\nOtherwise, the nucleation of kinks is reduced with respect to the case in which\nthe charges are homogeneously distributed, leading to a new scaling of the\ndensity of kinks with the quenching rate. The analytical predictions are\nverified numerically by integrating the Langevin equations of motion of the\nions, in presence of a time-dependent transverse confinement. We argue that the\nnon-equilibrium dynamics of an ion chain in a Paul trap constitutes an ideal\nscenario to test the inhomogeneous extension of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism,\nwhich lacks experimental evidence to date."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical properties of the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected model with\n  correlated temporal disorder: In this paper we study the critical properties of the non-equilibrium phase\ntransition of the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected model under the effects of\nlong-range correlated time-varying environmental noise on the Bethe lattice. We\nshow that temporal noise is perturbatively relevant changing the universality\nclass from the (mean-field) dynamical percolation to the exotic infinite-noise\nuniversality class of the contact process model. Our analytical results are\nbased on a mapping to the one-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with an\nabsorbing wall and is confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations. Unlike the contact\nprocess, our theory also predicts that it is quite difficult to observe the\nassociated active temporal Griffiths phase in the long-time limit. Finally, we\nalso show an equivalence between the infinite-noise and the compact directed\npercolation universality classes by relating the SEI model in the presence of\ntemporal disorder to the Domany-Kinzel cellular automaton in the limit of\ncompact clusters.",
        "positive": "Effective potential approach to quantum dissipation in condensed matter\n  systems: The effects of dissipation on the thermodynamic properties of nonlinear\nquantum systems are approached by the path-integral method in order to\nconstruct approximate classical-like formulas for evaluating thermal averages\nof thermodynamic quantities. Explicit calculations are presented for\none-particle and many-body systems. The effects of the dissipation mechanism on\nthe phase diagram of two-dimensional Josephson arrays is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Influence of the random walk finite step on the first-passage\n  probability: A well known connection between first-passage probability of random walk and\ndistribution of electrical potential described by Laplace equation is studied.\nWe simulate random walk in the plane numerically as a discrete time process\nwith fixed step length. We measure first-passage probability to touch the\nabsorbing sphere of radius $R$ in 2D. We found a regular deviation of the\nfirst-passage probability from the exact function, which we attribute to the\nfiniteness of the random walk step.",
        "positive": "Phase ordering kinetics of the long-range Ising model: We use an efficient method that eases the daunting task of simulating\ndynamics in spin systems with long-range interaction. Our Monte Carlo\nsimulations of the long-range Ising model for the nonequilibrium phase ordering\ndynamics in two spatial dimensions erform significantly faster than the\nstandard Metropolis approach and considerably more efficiently than the kinetic\nMonte Carlo method. Importantly, this enables us to establish agreement with\nthe theoretical prediction for the time dependence of domain growth, in\ncontrast to previous numerical studies. This method can easily be generalized\nto applications in other systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Properties of a non-equilibrium heat bath: At equilibrium, a fluid element, within a larger heat bath, receives random\nimpulses from the bath. Those impulses, which induce stochastic transitions in\nthe system (the fluid element), respect the principle of detailed balance,\nbecause the bath is also at equilibrium. Under continuous shear, the fluid\nelement adopts a non-equilibrium steady state. Because the surrounding bath of\nfluid under shear is also in a non-equilibrium steady state, the system\nreceives stochastic impulses with a non-equilibrium distribution. Those\nimpulses no longer respect detailed balance, but are nevertheless constrained\nby rules. The rules in question, which are applicable to a wide sub-class of\ndriven steady states, were recently derived [R. M. L. Evans, Phys. Rev. Lett.\n{\\bf 92}, 150601 (2004); J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. {\\bf 38}, 293 (2005)] using\ninformation-theoretic arguments. In the present paper, we provide a more\nfundamental derivation, based on the uncontroversial, non-Bayesian\ninterpretation of probabilities as simple ratios of countable quantities. We\napply the results to some simple models of interacting particles, to\ninvestigate the nature of forces that are mediated by a non-equilibrium\nnoise-source such as a fluid under shear.",
        "positive": "Temperature dependent fluctuations in the two-dimensional XY model: We present a detailed investigation of the probability density function (PDF)\nof order parameter fluctuations in the finite two-dimensional XY (2dXY) model.\nIn the low temperature critical phase of this model, the PDF approaches a\nuniversal non-Gaussian limit distribution in the limit T-->0. Our analysis\nresolves the question of temperature dependence of the PDF in this regime, for\nwhich conflicting results have been reported. We show analytically that a weak\ntemperature dependence results from the inclusion of multiple loop graphs in a\npreviously-derived graphical expansion. This is confirmed by numerical\nsimulations on two controlled approximations to the 2dXY model: the Harmonic\nand ``Harmonic XY'' models. The Harmonic model has no\nKosterlitz-Thouless-Berezinskii (KTB) transition and the PDF becomes\nprogressively less skewed with increasing temperature until it closely\napproximates a Gaussian function above T ~ 4\\pi. Near to that temperature we\nfind some evidence of a phase transition, although our observations appear to\nexclude a thermodynamic singularity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Microscopic Foundation of Thermo-Statistics: The most complicated phenomena of equilibrium statistics, phase separations\nand transitions of various order and critical phenomena, can clearly and\nsharply be seen even for small systems in the topology of the curvature of the\nmicrocanonical entropy $S_{B}(E,N)=\\ln[W(E,N)]$ as function of the conserved\nenergy, particle number etc.. Also the equilibrium of the largest possible\ninteracting many-body systems like self-gravitating systems is described by the\ntopology of the entropy surface $S_{B}(E,N,L)$ where $L$ is the angular\nmomentum. Conventional (canonical) statistical mechanics describes phase\ntransitions only in the ``thermodynamic limit''(homogeneous phases of\n``infinite'' systems interacting with short-range interactions). In this paper\nI present two examples of phase transitions of first order: the liquid to gas\ntransition in a small atomic cluster and the condensation of a rotating\nself-gravitating system into single stars or into multi-star systems like\ndouble stars and rings. Such systems cannot be addressed by ordinary canonical\nthermo-statistics. I also give a geometric illustration how an initially\nnon-equilibrized ensemble approaches the microcanonical equilibrium\ndistribution.",
        "positive": "Making Classical Ground State Spin Computing Fault-Tolerant: We examine a model of classical deterministic computing in which the ground\nstate of the classical system is a spatial history of the computation. This\nmodel is relevant to quantum dot cellular automata as well as to recent\nuniversal adiabatic quantum computing constructions. In its most primitive\nform, systems constructed in this model cannot compute in an error free manner\nwhen working at non-zero temperature. However, by exploiting a mapping between\nthe partition function for this model and probabilistic classical circuits we\nare able to show that it is possible to make this model effectively error free.\nWe achieve this by using techniques in fault-tolerant classical computing and\nthe result is that the system can compute effectively error free if the\ntemperature is below a critical temperature. We further link this model to\ncomputational complexity and show that a certain problem concerning finite\ntemperature classical spin systems is complete for the complexity class\nMerlin-Arthur. This provides an interesting connection between the physical\nbehavior of certain many-body spin systems and computational complexity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase synchronization on scale-free and random networks in the presence\n  of noise: In this work we investigate the stability of synchronized states for the\nKuramoto model on scale-free and random networks in the presence of white noise\nforcing. We show that for a fixed coupling constant, the robustness of the\nglobally synchronized state against the noise is dependent on the noise\nintensity on both kinds of networks. At low noise intensities the random\nnetworks are more robust against losing the coherency but upon increasing the\nnoise, at a specific noise strength the synchronization among the population\nvanishes suddenly. In contrast, on scale-free networks the global\nsynchronization disappears continuously at a much larger critical noise\nintensity respect to the random networks.",
        "positive": "Numerical Solution of the Two-Dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii Equation for\n  Trapped Interacting Atoms: We present a numerical scheme for solving the time-independent nonlinear\nGross-Pitaevskii equation in two dimensions describing the Bose-Einstein\ncondensate of trapped interacting neutral atoms at zero temperature. The trap\npotential is taken to be of the harmonic-oscillator type and the interaction\nboth attractive and repulsive. The Gross-Pitaevskii equation is numerically\nintegrated consistent with the correct boundary conditions at the origin and in\nthe asymptotic region. Rapid convergence is obtained in all cases studied. In\nthe attractive case there is a limit to the maximum number of atoms in the\ncondensate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster persistence in one-dimensional diffusion--limited\n  cluster--cluster aggregation: The persistence probability, $P_C(t)$, of a cluster to remain unaggregated is\nstudied in cluster-cluster aggregation, when the diffusion coefficient of a\ncluster depends on its size $s$ as $D(s) \\sim s^\\gamma$. In the mean-field the\nproblem maps to the survival of three annihilating random walkers with\ntime-dependent noise correlations. For $\\gamma \\ge 0$ the motion of persistent\nclusters becomes asymptotically irrelevant and the mean-field theory provides a\ncorrect description. For $\\gamma < 0$ the spatial fluctuations remain relevant\nand the persistence probability is overestimated by the random walk theory. The\ndecay of persistence determines the small size tail of the cluster size\ndistribution. For $0 < \\gamma < 2$ the distribution is flat and, surprisingly,\nindependent of $\\gamma$.",
        "positive": "Temperature profile in a liquid-vapor interface near the critical point: Thanks to an expansion with respect to densities of energy, mass and entropy,\nwe discuss the concept of thermocapillary fluid for inhomogeneous fluids. The\nnon-convex state law valid for homogeneous fluids is modified by adding terms\ntaking into account the gradients of these densities. This seems more realistic\nthan Cahn and Hilliard's model which uses a density expansion in mass-density\ngradient only. Indeed, through liquid-vapor interfaces, realistic potentials in\nmolecular theories show that entropy density and temperature do not vary with\nthe mass density as it would do in bulk phases. In this paper, we prove using a\nrescaling process near the critical point that liquid-vapor interfaces behave\nessentially in the same way as in Cahn and Hilliard's model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One-particle spectral densities and phase diagrams of one-dimensional\n  proton conductors: The equilibrium states of one-dimensional proton conductors in the systems\nwith hydrogen bonds are investigated. Our extended hard-core boson lattice\nmodel includes short-range interactions between hydrogen ions, their transfer\nalong the hydrogen bonds with two-minima local anharmonic potential, as well as\ntheir inter-bond hopping, and the modulating field is taken into account. The\nexact diagonalization method for finite one-dimensional system with periodic\nboundary conditions is used. The existence of various phases of the system at\n$T = 0$, depending on the values of short-range interactions between particles\nand the modulating field strength, is established by analyzing the character of\nthe obtained frequency dependence of one-particle spectral density; the phase\ndiagrams are built.",
        "positive": "Exchange fluctuation theorems for a chain of interacting particles in\n  presence of two heat baths: The exchange fluctuation theorem for heat exchanged between two systems at\ndifferent temperatures, when kept in direct contact, has been investigated by\nC. Jarzynski and D. K. W\\'ojcik, in Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 92}, 230602 (2004).\nWe extend this result to the case where two Langevin reservoirs at different\ntemperatures are connected via a conductor made of interacting particles, and\nare subjected to an external drive or work source. The Langevin reservoirs are\ncharacterized by Gaussian white noise fluctuations and concomitant friction\ncoefficients. We first derive the Crooks theorem for the ratio between forward\nand reverse paths, and discuss the first law in this model. Then we derive the\nmodified detailed fluctuation theorems (MDFT) for the heat exchanged at each\nend. These theorems differ from the usual form of the detailed fluctuation\ntheorems (DFT) in literature, due the presence of an extra multiplicative\nfactor. This factor quantifies the deviation of our MFDT from the DFT. Finally,\nwe numerically study our model, with only two interacting particles for\nsimplicity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Disorder solutions for the free energy of the Ising-like models: For arbitrary Ising-like models of any dimension and Hamiltonians with a\nfinite support with all possible multispin interactions and boundary conditions\nwith a shift, the exact value of the free energy in the thermodynamic limit is\nobtained at some parametrically specified set of multispin interaction\ncoefficients. In this case, half of the multispin interaction coefficients and\nthe coordinates of the special eigenvector corresponding to the largest\neigenvalue of the elementary transfer matrix are parameters, and the second\nhalf of the multispin coefficients is calculated using simple explicit\nformulas. For models with Hamiltonians invariant under the reversal of signs of\nall spins, the formulas are simplified. As examples of independent interest,\nsolutions are written for the cases when the support of the Hamiltonian is a\nsimplex, a cube, the support of the ANNNI model in spaces of 2, 3 and arbitrary\ndimensions.",
        "positive": "Gaussian Quadrature and Lattice Discretization of the Fermi-Dirac\n  Distribution for Graphene: We construct a lattice kinetic scheme to study electronic flow in graphene.\nFor this purpose, we first derive a basis of orthogonal polynomials, using as\nweight function the ultrarelativistic Fermi-Dirac distribution at rest. Later,\nwe use these polynomials to expand the respective distribution in a moving\nframe, for both cases, undoped and doped graphene. In order to discretize the\nBoltzmann equation and make feasible the numerical implementation, we reduce\nthe number of discrete points in momentum space to 18 by applying a Gaussian\nquadrature, finding that the family of representative wave (2+1)-vectors, that\nsatisfies the quadrature, reconstructs a honeycomb lattice. The procedure and\ndiscrete model are validated by solving the Riemann problem, finding excellent\nagreement with other numerical models. In addition, we have extended the\nRiemann problem to the case of different dopings, finding that by increasing\nthe chemical potential, the electronic fluid behaves as if it increases its\neffective viscosity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergent dynamic structures and statistical law in spherical lattice gas\n  automata: Various lattice gas automata have been proposed in the past decades to\nsimulate physics and address a host of problems on collective dynamics arising\nin diverse fields. In this work, we employ the lattice gas model defined on the\nsphere to investigate the curvature driven dynamic structures and analyze the\nstatistical behaviors in equilibrium. Under the simple propagation and\ncollision rules, we show that the uniform collective movement of the particles\non the sphere is geometrically frustrated, leading to several non-equilibrium\ndynamic structures not found in the planar lattice, such as the emergent bubble\nand vortex structures. With the accumulation of the collision effect, the\nsystem ultimately reaches equilibrium in the sense that the distribution of the\ncoarse-grained speed approaches the two-dimensional Maxwell-Boltzmann\ndistribution despite the population fluctuations in the coarse-grained cells.\nThe emergent regularity in the statistical behavior of the system is\nrationalized by mapping our system to a generalized random walk model. This\nwork demonstrates the capability of the spherical lattice gas automaton in\nrevealing the lattice-guided dynamic structures and simulating the equilibrium\nphysics. It suggests the promising possibility of using lattice gas automata\ndefined on various curved surfaces to explore geometrically driven\nnon-equilibrium physics.",
        "positive": "Inferring phase transitions and critical exponents from limited\n  observations with Thermodynamic Maps: Phase transitions are ubiquitous across life, yet hard to quantify and\ndescribe accurately. In this work, we develop an approach for characterizing\ngeneric attributes of phase transitions from very limited observations made\ndeep within different phases' domains of stability. Our approach is called\nThermodynamic Maps, which combines statistical mechanics and molecular\nsimulations with score-based generative models. Thermodynamic Maps enable\nlearning the temperature dependence of arbitrary thermodynamic observables\nacross a wide range of temperatures. We show its usefulness by calculating\nphase transition attributes such as melting temperature, temperature-dependent\nheat capacities, and critical exponents. For instance, we demonstrate the\nability of thermodynamic maps to infer the ferromagnetic phase transition of\nthe Ising model, including temperature-dependent heat capacity and critical\nexponents, despite never having seen samples from the transition region. In\naddition, we efficiently characterize the temperature-dependent conformational\nensemble and compute melting curves of the two RNA systems GCAA tetraloop and\nHIV-TAR, which are notoriously hard to sample due to glassy-like landscapes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic Calculation of the Dielectric Susceptibility Tensor for\n  Coulomb Fluids: In a Coulomb fluid confined to a domain $V$, the dielectric susceptibility\ntensor $\\chi_V$ depends on the shape of $V$, even in the thermodynamic\n$V\\to\\infty$ limit. This paper deals with the classical two-dimensional\none-component plasma formulated in an elliptic $V$-domain, equilibrium\nstatistical mechanics is used. For the dimensionless coupling constant $\\Gamma\n=$ even positive integer, the mapping of the plasma onto a discrete\none-dimensional anticommuting-field theory provides a new sum rule. This sum\nrule confirms the limiting value of $\\chi_V$ predicted by macroscopic\nelectrostatics and gives the finite-size correction term to $\\chi_V$.",
        "positive": "Spin-chirality decoupling and critical properties of a two-dimensional\n  fully frustrated XY model: We study the ordering of the spin and the chirality in the fully frustrated\nXY model on a square lattice by extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Our results\nindicate unambiguously that the spin and the chirality exhibit separate phase\ntransitions at two distinct temperatures, i. e. , the occurrence of the\nspin-chirality decoupling. The chirality exhibits a long-range order at\nT_c=0.45324(1) via a second-order phase transition, where the spin remains\ndisordered with a finite correlation length \\xi_s(T_c) \\sim 120. The critical\nproperties of the chiral transition determined from a finite-size scaling\nanalysis for large enough systems of linear size L > \\xi_s(T_c) are well\ncompatible with the Ising universality. On the other hand, the spin exhibits a\nphase transition at a lower temperature T_s=0.4418(5) into the\nquasi-long-range-ordered phase. We found \\eta(T_s)=0.201(1), suggesting that\nthe universality of the spin transition is different from that of the\nconventional Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotics of work distributions in a stochastically driven system: We determine the asymptotic forms of work distributions at arbitrary times\n$T$, in a class of driven stochastic systems using a theory developed by Engel\nand Nickelsen (EN theory) (arXiv:1102.4505v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech]), which is\nbased on the contraction principle of large deviation theory. In this paper, we\nextend the theory, previously applied in the context of deterministically\ndriven systems, to a model in which the driving is stochastic. The models we\nstudy are described by overdamped Langevin equations and the work distributions\nin the path integral form, are characterised by having quadratic actions. We\nfirst illustrate EN theory, for a deterministically driven system - the\nbreathing parabola model, and show that within its framework, the Crooks\nflucutation theorem manifests itself as a reflection symmetry property of a\ncertain characteristic polynomial function. We then extend our analysis to a\nstochastically driven system, studied in ( arXiv:1212.0704v2\n[cond-mat.stat-mech], arXiv:1402.5777v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech]) using a\nmoment-generating-function method, for both equilibrium and non - equilibrium\nsteady state initial distributions. In both cases we obtain new analytic\nsolutions for the asymptotic forms of (dissipated) work distributions at\narbitrary $T$. For dissipated work in the steady state, we compare the large\n$T$ asymptotic behaviour of our solution to that already obtained in (\narXiv:1402.5777v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech]). In all cases, special emphasis is\nplaced on the computation of the pre-exponential factor and the results show\nexcellent agreement with the numerical simulations. Our solutions are exact in\nthe low noise limit.",
        "positive": "Mesoscopic description of reactions under anomalous diffusion: A case\n  study: Reaction-diffusion equations deliver a versatile tool for the description of\nreactions in inhomogeneous systems under the assumption that the characteristic\nreaction scales and the scales of the inhomogeneities in the reactant\nconcentrations separate. In the present work we discuss the possibilities of a\ngeneralization of reaction-diffusion equations to the case of anomalous\ndiffusion described by continuous-time random walks with decoupled step length\nand waiting time probability densities, the first being Gaussian or Levy, the\nsecond one being an exponential or a power-law lacking the first moment. We\nconsider a special case of an irreversible or reversible A ->B conversion and\nshow that only in the Markovian case of an exponential waiting time\ndistribution the diffusion- and the reaction-term can be decoupled. In all\nother cases, the properties of the reaction affect the transport operator, so\nthat the form of the corresponding reaction-anomalous diffusion equations does\nnot closely follow the form of the usual reaction-diffusion equations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Measuring post-quench entanglement entropy through density correlations: Following a sudden change of interactions in an integrable system of\none-dimensional fermions, we analyze the dependence of the static structure\nfactor on the observation time after the quantum quench. At small waiting times\nafter the quench, we map the system to non-interacting bosons such that we are\nable to extract their occupation numbers from the Fourier transform of the\ndensity-density correlation function, and use these to compute a bosonic\nentropy from a diagonal ensemble. By comparing this bosonic entropy with the\nasymptotic steady state entanglement entropy per fermion computed with exact\ndiagonalization we find excellent agreement.",
        "positive": "Solvation at Aqueous Metal Electrodes: We present a study of the solvation properties of model aqueous electrode\ninterfaces. The exposed electrodes we study strongly bind water and have closed\npacked crystalline surfaces, which template an ordered water adlayer adjacent\nto the interface. We find that these ordered water structures facilitate\ncollective responses in the presence of solutes that are correlated over large\nlengthscales and across long timescales. Specifically, we show that the liquid\nwater adjacent to the ordered adlayers forms a soft, liquid-vapor-like\ninterface with concomitant manifestations of hydrophobicity. Temporal defects\nin the adlayer configurations create a dynamic heterogeneity in the degree to\nwhich different regions of the interface attract hydrophobic species. The\nstructure and heterogeneous dynamics of the adlayer defects depend upon the\ngeometry of the underlying ordered metal surface. For both 100 and 111\nsurfaces, the dynamical heterogeneity relaxes on times longer than nanoseconds.\nAlong with analyzing time scales associated with these effects, we highlight\nimplications for electrolysis and the particular catalytic efficiency of\nplatinum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Approximation formula for complex spacing ratios in the Ginibre ensemble: Recently, S\\'a, Ribeiro and Prosen introduced complex spacing ratios to\nanalyze eigenvalue correlations in non-Hermitian systems. At present there are\nno analytical results for the probability distribution of these ratios in the\nlimit of large system size. We derive an approximation formula for the Ginibre\nuniversality class of random matrix theory which converges exponentially fast\nto the limit of infinite matrix size. We also give results for moments of the\ndistribution in this limit.",
        "positive": "I. Territory covered by N random walkers on deterministic fractals. The\n  Sierpinski gasket: We address the problem of evaluating the number $S_N(t)$ of distinct sites\nvisited up to time t by N noninteracting random walkers all initially placed on\none site of a deterministic fractal lattice. For a wide class of fractals, of\nwhich the Sierpinski gasket is a typical example, we propose that, after the\nshort-time compact regime and for large N, $S_N(t) \\approx \\hat{S}_N(t)\n(1-\\Delta)$, where $\\hat{S}_N(t)$ is the number of sites inside a hypersphere\nof radius $R [\\ln (N)/c]^{1/ u}$, R is the root-mean-square displacement of a\nsingle random walker, and u and c determine how fast $1-\\Gamma_t({\\bf r})$ (the\nprobability that site ${\\bf r}$ has been visited by a single random walker by\ntime t) decays for large values of r/R: $1-\\Gamma_t({\\bf r})\\sim\n\\exp[-c(r/R)^u]$. For the deterministic fractals considered in this paper, $ u\n=d_w/(d_w-1)$, $d_w$ being the random walk dimension. The corrective term\n$\\Delta$ is expressed as a series in $\\ln^{-n}(N) \\ln^m \\ln (N)$ (with $n\\geq\n1$ and $0\\leq m\\leq n$), which is given explicitly up to n=2. Numerical\nsimulations on the Sierpinski gasket show reasonable agreement with the\nanalytical expressions. The corrective term $\\Delta$ contributes substantially\nto the final value of $S_N(t)$ even for relatively large values of N."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic Theory of Random Graphs: from Paths to Cycles: Structural properties of evolving random graphs are investigated. Treating\nlinking as a dynamic aggregation process, rate equations for the distribution\nof node to node distances (paths) and of cycles are formulated and solved\nanalytically. At the gelation point, the typical length of paths and cycles, l,\nscales with the component size k as l ~ k^{1/2}. Dynamic and finite-size\nscaling laws for the behavior at and near the gelation point are obtained.\nFinite-size scaling laws are verified using numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics arising from Tsallis' thermostatistics: We show, in two different ways, that the Tsallis' partition function and its\nderivatives are related to thermodynamic quantities such as entropy, internal\nenergy, etc., in the same way as in Boltzmann-Gibbs' formalism, with the\nLagrange multiplier $\\beta^{BG}$ replaced by its value $\\frac{1}{k_BT}$. They\nare obtained within the finite heat bath canonical ensemble approach.\nFurthermore, we discuss the meaning of the Lagrange multiplier of the\ngeneralized framework, $\\beta^T$, and show that the entropy found here is just\nthe R\\`enyi entropy plus a definite constant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A semiclassical study of the Jaynes-Cummings model: We consider the Jaynes-Cummings model of a single quantum spin $s$ coupled to\na harmonic oscillator in a parameter regime where the underlying classical\ndynamics exhibits an unstable equilibrium point. This state of the model is\nrelevant to the physics of cold atom systems, in non-equilibrium situations\nobtained by fast sweeping through a Feshbach resonance. We show that in this\nintegrable system with two degrees of freedom, for any initial condition close\nto the unstable point, the classical dynamics is controlled by a singularity of\nthe focus-focus type. In particular, it displays the expected monodromy, which\nforbids the existence of global action-angle coordinates. Explicit calculations\nof the joint spectrum of conserved quantities reveal the monodromy at the\nquantum level, as a dislocation in the lattice of eigenvalues. We perform a\ndetailed semi-classical analysis of the associated eigenstates. Whereas most of\nthe levels are well described by the usual Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rules,\nproperly adapted to polar coordinates, we show how these rules are modified in\nthe vicinity of the critical level. The spectral decomposition of the\nclassically unstable state is computed, and is found to be dominated by the\ncritical WKB states. This provides a useful tool to analyze the quantum\ndynamics starting from this particular state, which exhibits an aperiodic\nsequence of solitonic pulses with a rather well defined characteristic\nfrequency.",
        "positive": "Gauge field and geometric control of quantum-thermodynamic engine: The problem of extracting the work from a quantum-thermodynamic system driven\nby slowly varying external parameters is discussed. It is shown that there\nnaturally emerges a gauge-theoretic structure. The field strength identically\nvanishes if the system is in an equilibrium state, i.e., the nonvanishing field\nstrength implies that the system is in a nonequilibrium quasi-stationary state.\nThe work done through a cyclic process in the parameter space is given in terms\nof the flux of the field. This general formalism is applied to an example of a\nsingle spin in a varying magnetic field, and the maximum power output is\ndiscussed in a given finite-time cyclic process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics for Adiabatic Piston Problem: We consider the dynamics of a freely movable wall of mass $M$ with one degree\nof freedom that separates a long tube into two regions, each of which is filled\nwith rarefied gas particles of mass $m$. The gases are initially prepared at\nequal pressure but different temperatures, and we assume that the pressure and\ntemperature of gas particles before colliding with the wall are kept constant\nover time in each region. We elucidate the energetics of the setup on the basis\nof the local detailed balance condition, and then derive the expression for the\nheat transferred from each gas to the wall. Furthermore, by using the\ncondition, we obtain the linear response formula for the steady velocity of the\nwall and steady energy flux through the wall. Using perturbation expansion in a\nsmall parameter $\\epsilon\\equiv\\sqrt{m/M}$, we calculate the steady velocity up\nto order $\\epsilon$.",
        "positive": "Collective Motion due to escape and pursuit response: Recent studies suggest that non-cooperative behavior such as cannibalism may\nalso be a driving mechanism of collective motion. Motivated by these novel\nresults we introduce a simple model of Brownian particles interacting by\npursuit and escape interactions. We show the onset of collective motion due to\nescape and pursuit response of individuals and demonstrate how experimentally\naccessible macroscopic observables depend strongly on the ratio of the escape\nand pursuit strength. We analyze the different impact of the escape and pursuit\nresponse on the motion statistics and determine the scaling of the migration\nspeed with model parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical study of metastability due to tunneling: The quantum string\n  method: We generalize the string method, originally designed for the study of\nthermally activated rare events, to the calculation of quantum tunneling rates.\nThis generalization is based on the analogy between quantum mechanics and\nstatistical mechanics in the path-integral formalism. The quantum string method\nfirst locates, in the space of imaginary-time trajectories, the minimal action\npath (MAP) between two minima of the imaginary-time action. From the MAP, the\nsaddle-point (``bounce'') action associated with the exponential barrier\npenetration probability is obtained and the pre-exponential factor (the ratio\nof determinants) for the tunneling rate evaluated using stochastic simulation.\nThe quantum string method is implemented to calculate the zero-temperature\nescape rates for the metastable zero-voltage states in the current-biased\nJosephson tunnel junction model. In the regime close to the critical bias\ncurrent, direct comparison of the numerical and analytical results yields good\nagreement. Our calculations indicate that for the nanojunctions encountered in\nmany experiments today, the (absolute) escape rates should be measurable at\nbias current much below the critical current.",
        "positive": "Dependence of ground state energy of classical n-vector spins on n: We study the ground state energy E_G(n) of N classical n-vector spins with\nthe hamiltonian H = - \\sum_{i>j} J_ij S_i.S_j where S_i and S_j are n-vectors\nand the coupling constants J_ij are arbitrary. We prove that E_G(n) is\nindependent of n for all n > n_{max}(N) = floor((sqrt(8N+1)-1) / 2) . We show\nthat this bound is the best possible. We also derive an upper bound for E_G(m)\nin terms of E_G(n), for m<n. We obtain an upper bound on the frustration in the\nsystem, as measured by F(n), which is defined to be (\\sum_{i>j} |J_ij| +\nE_G(n)) / (\\sum_{i>j} |J_ij|). We describe a procedure for constructing a set\nof J_ij's such that an arbitrary given state, {S_i}, is the ground state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical temperature of one-dimensional Ising model with long-range\n  interaction revisited: We present a generalized expression for the transfer matrix of finite and\ninfinite one-dimensional spin chains within a magnetic field with spin pair\ninteraction $J/r^p$, where $r\\ = 1,2,\\ldots,n_v$ is the distance between two\nspins, $n_v$ is the number of nearest neighbors reached by the interaction, and\n$p \\in [1,2]$. With this generalized expression, we calculate the partition\nfunction, the Helmholtz free energy, and the specific heat for both finite and\ninfinite ferromagnetic 1D Ising models within a zero external magnetic field.\nWe focus on the temperature $T_{\\text{max}}$ where specific heat reaches its\nmaximum. We calculate $J/(k_B T_{\\text{max}})$ numerically for every values of\n$n_v \\in \\{ 1,2,\\ldots, 25\\}$, which we interpolate and then extrapolate up to\nthe critical temperature as a function of $p$, using a novel functional\napproach. Two different procedures are used to reach the infinite spin chain\nwith an infinite interaction range: increasing the chain size and the\ninteraction range by the same amount, and increasing the interaction range for\nthe infinite chain. As we expected, both extrapolations lead to the same\ncritical temperature, although by two different concurrent curves. Our critical\ntemperatures as a function of $p$ fall within the upper and lower bounds\nreported in the literature and show a better coincidence with many existing\napproximations for $p$ close to 1 than for the $p$ values near 2. We report an\naveraged inverse critical temperature $J/(k_BT_c) = 0.532$ for the\none-dimensional spin chain with $p=2$. It is worth mentioning that the\nwell-known cases for near (original Ising model) and next-near neighbor\ninteractions are recovered doing $n_v = 1$ and $n_v = 2$, respectively.",
        "positive": "Signatures of non-Markovian turbulent transport in Reversed Field Pinch\n  plasmas: Transport of field lines is studied for a realistic model of magnetic field\nconfiguration in a Reversed Field Pinch. It is shown that transport is\nanomalous, i.e., it cannot be described within the standard diffusive paradigm.\nTo fit numerical results we present a transport model based upon the Continuous\nTime Random Walk formalism. Fairly good quantitative agreement appears for\nexponential memory functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy fluctuations in simple conduction models: We introduce a class of stochastic weakly coupled map lattices, as models for\nstudying heat conduction in solids. Each particle on the lattice evolves\naccording to an internal dynamics that depends on its energy, and exchanges\nenergy with its neighboors at a rate that depends on its internal state. We\nstudy energy fluctuations at equilibrium in a diffusive scaling. In some cases,\nwe derive the hydordynamic limit of the fluctuation field.",
        "positive": "Circuit complexity and functionality: a thermodynamic perspective: We explore a link between complexity and physics for circuits of given\nfunctionality. Taking advantage of the connection between circuit counting\nproblems and the derivation of ensembles in statistical mechanics, we tie the\nentropy of circuits of a given functionality and fixed number of gates to\ncircuit complexity. We use thermodynamic relations to connect the quantity\nanalogous to the equilibrium temperature to the exponent describing the\nexponential growth of the number of distinct functionalities as a function of\ncomplexity. This connection is intimately related to the finite compressibility\nof typical circuits. Finally, we use the thermodynamic approach to formulate a\nframework for the obfuscation of programs of arbitrary length -- an important\nproblem in cryptography -- as thermalization through recursive mixing of\nneighboring sections of a circuit, which can viewed as the mixing of two\ncontainers with ``gases of gates''. This recursive process equilibrates the\naverage complexity and leads to the saturation of the circuit entropy, while\npreserving functionality of the overall circuit. The thermodynamic arguments\nhinge on ergodicity in the space of circuits which we conjecture is limited to\ndisconnected ergodic sectors due to fragmentation. The notion of fragmentation\nhas important implications for the problem of circuit obfuscation as it implies\nthat there are circuits with same size and functionality that cannot be\nconnected via local moves. Furthermore, we argue that fragmentation is\nunavoidable unless the complexity classes NP and coNP coincide, a statement\nthat implies the collapse of the polynomial hierarchy of complexity theory to\nits first level."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stages of steady diffusion growth of a gas bubble in strongly\n  supersaturated gas-liquid solution: Gas bubble growth as a result of diffusion flux of dissolved gas molecules\nfrom the surrounding supersaturated solution to the bubble surface is studied.\nThe condition of the flux steadiness is revealed. A limitation from below on\nthe bubble radius is considered. Its fulfillment guarantees the smallness of\nfluctuation influence on bubble growth and irreversibility of this process.\nUnder the conditions of steadiness of diffusion flux three stages of bubble\ngrowth are marked out. With account for Laplace forces in the bubble intervals\nof bubble size change and time intervals of these stages are found. The trend\nof the third stage towards the self-similar regime of the bubble growth, when\nLaplace forces in the bubble are completely neglected, is described\nanalytically.",
        "positive": "Scaling theory of continuous symmetry breaking under advection: In this work, we discuss how the linear and non-linear advection terms modify\nthe scaling behavior of the continuous symmetry breaking and stabilize the\nlong-range order, even in $d=2$ far from equilibrium, by means of simple\nscaling arguments. For an example of the liner advection, we consider the\n$O(n)$ model in the steady shear. Our scaling analysis reveals that the model\ncan undergo the continuous symmetry breaking even in $d=2$ and, moreover,\npredicts the upper critical dimension $d_{\\rm up}=2$. These results are fully\nconsistent with a recent numerical simulation of the $O(2)$ model, where the\nmean-field critical exponents are observed even in $d=2$. For an example of the\nnon-linear advection, we consider the Toner-Tu hydrodynamic theory, which was\nintroduced to explain polar-ordered flocks, such as the Vicsek model. Our\nsimple scaling argument reproduces the previous results by the dynamical\nrenormalization theory. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of the additional\nnon-linear terms discovered by the recent re-analysis of the hydrodynamic\nequation. Our scaling argument predicts that the additional non-linear terms\nmodify the scaling exponents and, in particular, recover the isotropic scaling\nreported in a previous numerical simulation of the Vicsek model. We discuss\nthat the critical exponents predicted by the naive scaling theory become exact\nin $d=2$ by using a symmetry consideration and similar argument proposed by\nToner and Tu."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Prediction of imminent failure using supervised learning in fiber bundle\n  model: Prediction of breakdown in disordered solids under external loading in a\nquestion of paramount importance. Here we use a fiber bundle model for\ndisordered solids and record the time series of the avalanche sizes and energy\nbursts. The time series contains statistical regularities that not only signify\nuniversality in the critical behavior of the process of fracture, but also\nreflect signals of proximity to a catastrophic failure. A systematic analysis\nof these series using supervised machine learning can predict the time to\nfailure. Different features of the time series become important in different\nvariants of training samples. We explain the reasons for such switch over of\nimportance among different features. We show that inequality measures for\navalanche time series play a crucial role in imminent failure predictions,\nespecially for imperfect training sets i.e., when simulation parameters of\ntraining samples differ considerably from those of the testing samples. We also\nshow the variation of predictability of the system as the interaction range and\nstrengths of disorders are varied in the samples, varying the failure mode from\nbrittle to quasi-brittle (with interaction range) and from nucleation to\npercolation (with disorder strength). The effectiveness of the supervised\nlearning is best when the samples just enter the quasi-brittle mode of failure\nshowing scale-free avalanche size distributions.",
        "positive": "On the Momentum Distribution and Condensate Fraction in the Bose Liquid: The model recently proposed by A.A. Shanenko [Phys. Lett. A 227 (1997) 367]\nis used to derive linear integro-differential equations whose solutions provide\nreasonable estimates for the momentum distribution and condensate fraction in\ninteracting many-boson system at zero temperature. An advantage of these\nequations is that they can be employed in the weak coupling regime and beyond.\nAs an example, analytical treatment of the weak coupling case is given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Riemann surface crossover for the spectral gaps of open TASEP: We consider the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with open\nboundaries, at the edge of the maximal current phase. Using analytic\ncontinuations from the known stationary eigenvalue, we obtain exact expressions\nfor the spectral gaps in the limit of large system size. The underlying Riemann\nsurface,generated by modified Lambert functions, interpolates between the one\nfor periodic TASEP and the one for open TASEP in the maximal current phase.",
        "positive": "Stationary and transient Fluctuation Theorems for effective heat flux\n  between hydrodynamically coupled particles in optical traps: We experimentally study the statistical properties of the energy fluxes\nbetween two trapped Brownian particles, interacting through dissipative\nhydrodynamic coupling, submitted to an effective temperature difference $\\Delta\nT$, obtained by random forcing the position of one trap. We identify effective\nheat fluxes between the two particles and show that they satisfy an exchange\nfluctuation theorem (xFT) in the stationary state. We also show that after the\nsudden application of a temperature gradient $\\Delta T$, \\resub{the total}\nhot-cold flux satisfies \\resub{a} transient xFT for any integration time\nwhereas \\resub{the total} cold-hot flux only does it asymptotically for long\ntimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hyperuniformity, quasi-long-range correlations, and void-space\n  constraints in maximally random jammed particle packings. II. Anisotropy in\n  particle shape: We extend the results from the first part of this series of two papers by\nexamining hyperuniformity in heterogeneous media composed of impenetrable\nanisotropic inclusions. Specifically, we consider maximally random jammed\npackings of hard ellipses and superdisks and show that these systems both\npossess vanishing infinite-wavelength local-volume-fraction fluctuations and\nquasi-long-range pair correlations. Our results suggest a strong generalization\nof a conjecture by Torquato and Stillinger [Phys. Rev. E. 68, 041113 (2003)],\nnamely that all strictly jammed saturated packings of hard particles, including\nthose with size- and shape-distributions, are hyperuniform with signature\nquasi-long-range correlations. We show that our arguments concerning the\nconstrained distribution of the void space in MRJ packings directly extend to\nhard ellipse and superdisk packings, thereby providing a direct structural\nexplanation for the appearance of hyperuniformity and quasi-long-range\ncorrelations in these systems. Additionally, we examine general heterogeneous\nmedia with anisotropic inclusions and show for the first time that one can\ndecorate a periodic point pattern to obtain a hard-particle system that is not\nhyperuniform with respect to local-volume-fraction fluctuations. This apparent\ndiscrepancy can also be rationalized by appealing to the irregular distribution\nof the void space arising from the anisotropic shapes of the particles. Our\nwork suggests the intriguing possibility that the MRJ states of hard particles\nshare certain universal features independent of the local properties of the\npackings, including the packing fraction and average contact number per\nparticle.",
        "positive": "Percus-Yevick theory for the structural properties of the\n  seven-dimensional hard-sphere fluid: The direct correlation function and the (static) structure factor for a\nseven-dimensional hard-sphere fluid are considered. Analytical results for\nthese quantities are derived within the Percus-Yevick theory"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ghost Martin-Siggia-Rose (MSR) applications to Kardar-Parizi-Zhang (KPZ)\n  equation with non-linear noise: In this work we modify the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation for growing\nsurfaces to include the effect of surface tilt on the noise (that is have\nnon-linearly coupled noise). We introduce ghost Martin-Siggia-Rose (gMSR)\naction for the KPZ equation with Faddeev-Popov ghosts to compute an auxiliary\nfunctional determinant. We integrate out the Faddeev-Popov ghosts to leading\norder and the auxiliary MSR Lagrange multiplierexactly to obtain and action for\nthe height. We analyze it within the gaussian, meanfield and Landau free energy\nlike approximations and find various instabilities to rough surfaces.",
        "positive": "Lennard--Jones and Lattice Models of Driven Fluids: We introduce a nonequilibrium off--lattice model for anisotropic phenomena in\nfluids. This is a Lennard--Jones generalization of the driven lattice--gas\nmodel in which the particles' spatial coordinates vary continuously. A\ncomparison between the two models allows us to discuss some exceptional, hardly\nrealistic features of the original discrete system --which has been considered\na prototype for nonequilibrium anisotropic phase transitions. We thus help to\nclarify open issues, and discuss on the implications of our observations for\nfuture investigation of anisotropic phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mesoscopic theory for systems with competing interactions near a\n  confining wall: Mesoscopic theory for self-assembling systems near a planar confining surface\nis developed. Euler- Lagrange (EL) equations and the boundary conditions (BC)\nfor the local volume fraction and the correlation function are derived from the\nDFT expression for the grand thermodynamic potential. Various levels of\napproximation can be considered for the obtained equations. The lowest-order\nnontrivial approximation (GM) resembles the Landau-Brazovskii type theory for a\nsemiinfinite system. Unlike in the original phenomenological theory, however,\nall coefficients in our equations and BC are expressed in terms of the\ninteraction potential and the thermodynamic state. Analytical solutions of the\nlinearized equations in GM are presented and discussed on a general level and\nfor a particular example of the double-Yukawa potential. We show exponentially\ndamped oscillations of the volume fraction and the correlation function in the\ndirection perpendicular to the confining surface. The correlations show\noscillatory decay in directions parallel to this surface too, with the decay\nlength increasing significantly when the system boundary is approached. The\nframework of our theory allows for a systematic improvement of the accuracy of\nthe results.",
        "positive": "Refined Second Law of Thermodynamics for fast random processes: We establish a refined version of the Second Law of Thermodynamics for\nLangevin stochastic processes describing mesoscopic systems driven by\nconservative or non-conservative forces and interacting with thermal noise. The\nrefinement is based on the Monge-Kantorovich optimal mass transport. General\ndiscussion is illustrated by numerical analysis of a model for micron-size\nparticle manipulated by optical tweezers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "FORC Analysis of homogeneous nucleation in the two-dimensional kinetic\n  Ising model: The first-order reversal curve (FORC) method is applied to the\ntwo-dimensional kinetic Ising model. For the system size and magnetic field\nchosen, the system reverses by the homogeneous nucleation and growth of many\ndroplets. This makes the dynamics of reversal nearly deterministic, in contrast\nto the strongly disordered systems previously studied by the FORC method.\nConsequently, the FORC diagrams appear different from those obtained in\nprevious studies. The Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (KJMA) theory of phase\ntransformation by nucleation and growth is applied to the system. Reasonable\nagreement with the Monte Carlo simulations is found, and the FORC method\nsuggests how the KJMA theory could be extended.",
        "positive": "Prethermalization with negative specific heat: We study non-canonical relaxation in a composite cold atoms system,\nconsisting of subsystems that possess negative microcanonical specific heat.\nThe system exhibits pre-thermalization far away from integrability due to the\nappearance of a single adiabatic invariant. The Thirring instability drives the\nconstituent subsystems towards the edges of their allowed energy spectrum, thus\ngreatly enhancing the contrast between the prethermal state and the long time\nthermal outcome."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Angular quantization and the density matrix renormalization group: Path integral techniques for the density matrix of a one-dimensional\nstatistical system near a boundary previously employed in black-hole physics\nare applied to providing a new interpretation of the density matrix\nrenormalization group: its efficacy is due to the concentration of quantum\nstates near the boundary.",
        "positive": "Noise-Induced Schooling of Fish: We report on the dynamics of collective alignment in groups of the cichlid\nfish, Etroplus suratensis. Focusing on small-to-intermediate sized groups\n($10<N<100$), we demonstrate that schooling (highly polarised and coherent\nmotion) is noise-induced, arising from the intrinsic stochasticity associated\nwith finite numbers of interacting fish. The fewer the fish, the greater the\n(multiplicative) noise and therefore the likelihood of alignment. Such\nempirical evidence is rare, and tightly constrains the possible underlying\ninteractions between fish: computer simulations indicate that E. suratensis\nalign with each other one at a time, which is at odds with the canonical\nmechanism of collective alignment, local direction-averaging. More broadly, our\nresults confirm that, rather than simply obscuring otherwise deterministic\ndynamics, noise is fundamental to the characterisation of emergent collective\nbehaviours, suggesting a need to re-appraise aspects of both collective motion\nand behavioural inference."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slow L\u00e9vy flights: Among Markovian processes, the hallmark of L\\'evy flights is superdiffusion,\nor faster-than-Brownian dynamics. Here we show that L\\'evy laws, as well as\nGaussians, can also be the limit distributions of processes with long range\nmemory that exhibit very slow diffusion, logarithmic in time. These processes\nare path-dependent and anomalous motion emerges from frequent relocations to\nalready visited sites. We show how the Central Limit Theorem is modified in\nthis context, keeping the usual distinction between analytic and non-analytic\ncharacteristic functions. A fluctuation-dissipation relation is also derived.\nOur results may have important applications in the study of animal and human\ndisplacements.",
        "positive": "Bethe Approximation for a Semi-flexible Polymer Chain: We present a Bethe approximation to study lattice models of linear polymers.\nThe approach is variational in nature and based on the cluster variation method\n(CVM). We focus on a model with $(i)$ a nearest neighbor attractive energy\n$\\epsilon_v$ between pair of non--bonded monomers, $(ii)$ a bending energy\n$\\epsilon_h$ for each pair of successive chain segments which are not\ncollinear. We determine the phase diagram of the system as a function of the\nreduced temperature $t=\\frac{T}{\\epsilon_v}$ and of the parameter\n$x=\\frac{\\epsilon_h}{\\epsilon_v}$. We find two different qualitative behaviors,\non varying $t$. For small values of $x$ the system undergoes a $\\theta$\ncollapse from an extended coil to a compact globule; subsequently, on\ndecreasing further $t$, there is a first order transition to an anisotropic\nphase, characterized by global orientational order. For sufficiently large\nvalues of $x$, instead, there is directly a first order transition from the\ncoil to the orientational ordered phase. Our results are in good agreement with\nprevious Monte Carlo simulations and contradict in some aspects mean--field\ntheory. In the limit of Hamiltonian walks, our approximation recovers results\nof the Flory-Huggins theory for polymer melting."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comments on ``Observation of Strong Quantum Depletion in a Gaseous\n  Bose-Einstein Condensate\" [cond-mat/0601184]: We suggested a method to estimate the quantum depletion of interacting Bose\nparticles confined by a three dimensional harmonic trap.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic stability of ice models in the vicinity of a critical\n  point: The properties of the two-dimensional exactly solvable Lieb and Baxter models\nin the critical region are considered based on the thermodynamic method of\ninvestigation of a one-component system critical state. From the point of view\nof the thermodynamic stability the behaviour of adiabatic and isodynamic\nparameters for these models is analyzed and the types of their critical\nbehaviour are determined. The reasons for the violation of the scaling law\nhypothesis and the universality hypothesis for the models are clarified."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From the multi-terms urn model to the self-exciting negative binomial\n  distribution and Hawkes processes: This study considers a new multi-term urn process that has a correlation in\nthe same term and temporal correlation. The objective is to clarify the\nrelationship between the urn model and the Hawkes process. Correlation in the\nsame term is represented by the P\\'{o}lya urn model and the temporal\ncorrelation is incorporated by introducing the conditional initial condition.\nIn the double-scaling limit of this urn process, the self-exciting negative\nbinomial distribution (SE-NBD) process, which is a marked Hawkes process, is\nobtained. In the standard continuous limit, this process becomes the Hawkes\nprocess, which has no correlation in the same term. The difference is the\nvariance of the intensity function in that the phase transition from the steady\nto the non-steady state can be observed. The critical point, at which the power\nlaw distribution is obtained, is the same for the Hawkes and the urn processes.\nThese two processes are used to analyze empirical data of financial default to\nestimate the parameters of the model. For the default portfolio, the results\nproduced by the urn process are superior to those obtained with the Hawkes\nprocess and confirm self-excitation.",
        "positive": "Rate equation limit for a combinatorial solution of a stochastic\n  aggregation model: In a recent series of papers, an exact combinatorial solution was claimed for\na variant of the so-called Marcus--Lushnikov model of aggregation. In this\nmodel, a finite number of aggregates, are initially assumed to be present in\nthe form of monomers. At each time step, two aggregates are chosen according to\ncertain size-dependent probabilities and irreversibly joined to form an\naggregate of higher mass. The claimed result given an expression for the full\nprobability distribution over all possible size distributions in terms of the\nso-called Bell polynomials. In this paper, we develop the asymptotics of this\nsolution in order to check whether the exact solution yields correct\nexpressions for the average cluster size distribution as obtained from the\nSmoluchowski equations. The answer is surprisingly involved: for the generic\ncase of an arbitrary reaction rate, it is negative, but for the so-called {\\em\nclassical\\/} rate kernels, constant, additive and multiplicative, the solutions\nobtained are indeed exact. On the other hand, for the multiplicative kernel, a\ndiscrepancy is found in the full solution between the combinatorial solution\nand the exact solution. The reasons for this puzzling pattern of agreement and\ndisagreement are unclear. A better understanding of the combinatorial\nsolution's derivation is needed, the better to understand its range of\nvalidity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground State Entropy of Potts Antiferromagnets on Cyclic Polygon Chain\n  Graphs: We present exact calculations of chromatic polynomials for families of cyclic\ngraphs consisting of linked polygons, where the polygons may be adjacent or\nseparated by a given number of bonds. From these we calculate the (exponential\nof the) ground state entropy, $W$, for the q-state Potts model on these graphs\nin the limit of infinitely many vertices. A number of properties are proved\nconcerning the continuous locus, ${\\cal B}$, of nonanalyticities in $W$. Our\nresults provide further evidence for a general rule concerning the maximal\nregion in the complex q plane to which one can analytically continue from the\nphysical interval where $S_0 > 0$.",
        "positive": "Numerical computation of effective thermal equilibrium in Stochastically\n  Switching Langevin Systems: Stochastically switching force terms appear frequently in models of\nbiological systems under the action of active agents such as proteins. The\ninteraction of switching force and Brownian motion can create an \"effective\nthermal equilibrium\" even though the system does not obey a potential function.\nIn order to extend the field of energy landscape analysis to understand\nstability and transitions in switching systems, we derive the quasipotential\nthat defines this effective equilibrium for a general overdamped Langevin\nsystem with a force switching according to a continuous-time Markov chain\nprocess. Combined with the string method for computing most-probable transition\npaths, we apply our method to an idealized system and show the appearance of\npreviously unreported numerical challenges. We present modifications to the\nalgorithms to overcome these challenges, and show validity by demonstrating\nagreement between our computed quasipotential barrier and asymptotic Monte\nCarlo transition times in the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature dependence of spin depolarization of drifting electrons in\n  n-type GaAs bulks: The influence of temperature and transport conditions on the electron spin\nrelaxation in lightly doped n-type GaAs semiconductors is investigated. A Monte\nCarlo approach is used to simulate electron transport, including the evolution\nof spin polarization and relaxation, by taking into account intravalley and\nintervalley scattering phenomena of the hot electrons in the medium. Spin\nrelaxation lengths and times are computed through the D'yakonov-Perel process,\nwhich is the more relevant spin relaxation mechanism in the regime of interest\n(10 < T < 300 K). The decay of the initial spin polarization of the conduction\nelectrons is calculated as a function of the distance in the presence of a\nstatic electric field varying in the range 0.1 - 2 kV/cm. We find that the\nelectron spin depolarization lengths and times have a nonmonotonic dependence\non both the lattice temperature and the electric field amplitude.",
        "positive": "Test of the fluctuation theorem for stochastic entropy production in a\n  nonequilibrium steady state: We derive a simple closed analytical expression for the total entropy\nproduction along a single stochastic trajectory of a Brownian particle\ndiffusing on a periodic potential under an external constant force. By\nnumerical simulations we compute the probability distribution functions of the\nentropy and satisfactorily test many of the predictions based on Seifert's\nintegral fluctuation theorem. The results presented for this simple model\nclearly illustrate the practical features and implications derived from such a\nresult of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equation of state of hard-disk fluids under single-file confinement: The exact transfer-matrix solution for the longitudinal equilibrium\nproperties of the single-file hard-disk fluid is used to study the limiting\nlow- and high-pressure behaviors analytically as functions of the pore width.\nIn the low-pressure regime, the exact third and fourth virial coefficients are\nobtained, which involve single and double integrals, respectively. Moreover, we\nshow that the standard irreducible diagrams do not provide a complete account\nof the virial coefficients in confined geometries. The asymptotic equation of\nstate in the high-pressure limit is seen to present a simple pole at the\nclose-packing linear density, as in the hard-rod fluid, but, in contrast to the\nlatter case, the residue is $2$. Since, for an arbitrary pressure, the exact\ntransfer-matrix treatment requires the numerical solution of an eigenvalue\nintegral equation, we propose here two simple approximations to the equation of\nstate, with different complexity levels, and carry out an extensive assessment\nof their validity and practical convenience vs the exact solution and available\ncomputer simulations.",
        "positive": "Discrete changes of current statistics in periodically driven stochastic\n  systems: We demonstrate that the counting statistics of currents in periodically\ndriven ergodic stochastic systems can show sharp changes of some of its\nproperties in response to continuous changes of the driving protocol. To\ndescribe this effect, we introduce a new topological phase factor in evolution\nof the moment generating function which is akin to the topological geometric\nphase in evolution of a periodically driven quantum mechanical system with\ntime-reversal symmetry. This phase leads to the prediction of a sign change for\nthe difference of the probabilities to find even and odd number particles\ntransferred in a stochastic system in response to cyclic evolution of control\nparameters. The driving protocols that lead to such a sign change should\nenclose specific degeneracy points in the space of control parameters. The\nrelation between topology of the paths in the control parameter space and the\nsign changes can be described in terms of the first Stiefel-Whitney class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipative Bethe Ansatz: Exact Solutions of Quantum Many-Body Dynamics\n  Under Loss: We use the Bethe Ansatz technique to study dissipative systems experiencing\nloss. The method allows us to exactly calculate the Liouvillian spectrum. This\nopens the possibility of analytically calculating the dynamics of a wide range\nof experimentally relevant models including cold atoms subjected to one and two\nbody losses, coupled cavity arrays with bosons escaping the cavity, and cavity\nquantum electrodynamics. As an example of our approach we study the relaxation\nproperties in a boundary driven XXZ spin chain. We exactly calculate the\nLiouvillian gap and find different relaxation rates with a novel type of\ndynamical dissipative phase transition. This physically translates into the\nformation of a stable domain wall in the easy-axis regime despite the presence\nof loss. Such analytic results have previously been inaccessible for systems of\nthis type.",
        "positive": "Dynamical quantum phase transition in quantum spin chains with gapless\n  phases: The dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs) in quantum spin chains with\ngapless phases after a sudden quench are studied. We mainly consider the\ngeneral systems with asymmetrical quasiparticle excitation spectra and obtain\nthe general expression of the Loschmidt echo as well as the general conditions\nfor the occurrence of DQPTs. As two examples, we study the DQPTs in the\n\\emph{XY} chains with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and \\emph{XZY-YZX} type\nof three-site interaction. It's found that the DQPTs may not occur in the\nquench across the quantum phase transitions regardless of whether the quench is\nfrom the gapless phase to gapped phase or from the gapped phase to gapless\nphase. This is different from the DQPTs in the case of quench from the gapped\nphase to gapped phase, in which the DQPTs will always appear. Besides, we also\nanalyze the different reasons for the absence of DQPTs in the quench from the\ngapless phase and the gapped phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production in the non-equilibrium steady states of interacting\n  many-body systems: Entropy production is one of the most important characteristics of\nnon-equilibrium steady states. We study here the steady-state entropy\nproduction, both at short times as well as in the long-time limit, of two\nimportant classes of non-equilibrium systems: transport systems and\nreaction-diffusion systems. The usefulness of the mean entropy production rate\nand of the large deviation function of the entropy production for\ncharacterizing non-equilibrium steady states of interacting many-body systems\nis discussed. We show that the large deviation function displays a kink-like\nfeature at zero entropy production that is similar to that observed for a\nsingle particle driven along a periodic potential. This kink is a direct\nconsequence of the detailed fluctuation theorem fulfilled by the probability\ndistribution of the entropy production and is therefore a generic feature of\nthe corresponding large deviation function.",
        "positive": "Self-Quenched Dynamics: We introduce a model for the slow relaxation of an energy landscape caused by\nits local interaction with a random walker whose motion is dictated by the\nlandscape itself. By choosing relevant measures of time and potential this\nself-quenched dynamics can be mapped on to the ``True'' Self-Avoiding Walk\nmodel. This correspondence reveals that the average distance of the walker at\ntime $t$ from its starting point is $R(t)\\sim\\log(t)^\\gamma$, where\n$\\gamma=2/3$ for one dimension and 1/2 for all higher dimensions. Furthermore,\nthe evolution of the landscape is similar to that in growth models with\nextremal dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Character of magnetic excitations in a quasi-one-dimensional\n  antiferromagnet near the quantum critical points: Impact on magneto-acoustic\n  properties: We report results of magneto-acoustic studies in the quantum spin-chain\nmagnet NiCl$_2$-4SC(NH$_2$)$_2$ (DTN) having a field-induced ordered\nantiferromagnetic (AF) phase. In the vicinity of the quantum critical points\n(QCPs) the acoustic $c_{33}$ mode manifests a pronounced softening accompanied\nby energy dissipation of the sound wave. The acoustic anomalies are traced up\nto $T > T_N$, where the thermodynamic properties are determined by fermionic\nmagnetic excitations, the \"hallmark\" of one-dimensional (1D) spin chains. On\nthe other hand, as established in earlier studies, the AF phase in DTN is\ngoverned by bosonic magnetic excitations. Our results suggest the presence of a\ncrossover from a 1D fermionic to a 3D bosonic character of the magnetic\nexcitations in DTN in the vicinity of the QCPs.",
        "positive": "Criticality in Brownian ensembles: The local statistical fluctuations in Brownian ensembles, the intermediate\nstate of perturbation of one classical ensemble by another one, are system-size\ninvariant if the perturbation parameter has the same size-dependence as that of\nthe ensemble averaged local level density. The sensitivity to local spectral\ndensity however makes the measures for the critical statistics non-stationary\nalong the spectrum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite N Fluctuation Formulas for Random Matrices: For the Gaussian and Laguerre random matrix ensembles, the probability\ndensity function (p.d.f.) for the linear statistic $\\sum_{j=1}^N (x_j - <x>)$\nis computed exactly and shown to satisfy a central limit theorem as $N \\to\n\\infty$. For the circular random matrix ensemble the p.d.f.'s for the linear\nstatistics ${1 \\over 2} \\sum_{j=1}^N (\\theta_j - \\pi)$ and $- \\sum_{j=1}^N \\log\n2|\\sin \\theta_j/2|$ are calculated exactly by using a constant term identity\nfrom the theory of the Selberg integral, and are also shown to satisfy a\ncentral limit theorem as $N \\to \\infty$.",
        "positive": "Anomalous Behavior of the Diffusion Coefficient in Interacting\n  Adsorbates: Langevin simulations provide an effective way to study collective effects of\nBrownian particles immersed in a two-dimensional periodic potential. In this\npaper, we concentrate essentially on the behaviour of the tracer (DTr) and bulk\n(DB) diffusion coefficients as function of friction. Our simulations show that\nin the high friction limit, the two physical quantities DTr and DB present\nqualitatively the same behaviour, for both coupled and decoupled substrate\npotentials. However, for the low friction regime, and especially for the\ncoupled potential case, an anomalous diffusion behaviour is found. We also\nfound that in the case of weak dynamical coupling between the ad-particles and\nthe substrate, the exponents are not universal and rather depend on the\npotentials. Moreover, changes in the inter-particle potentials may reverse the\nbehaviour to a normal one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production given constraints on the energy functions: We consider the problem of driving a finite-state classical system from some\ninitial distribution $p$ to some final distribution $p'$ with vanishing entropy\nproduction (EP), under the constraint that the driving protocols can only use\nsome limited set of energy functions $\\mathcal{E}$. Assuming no other\nconstraints on the driving protocol, we derive a simple condition that\nguarantees that such a transformation can be carried out, which is stated in\nterms of the smallest probabilities in $\\{p,p'\\}$ and a graph-theoretic\nproperty defined in terms of $\\mathcal{E}$. Our results imply that a\nsurprisingly small amount of control over the energy function is sufficient (in\nparticular, any transformation $p\\to p'$ can be carried out as soon as one can\ncontrol some one-dimensional parameter of the energy function, e.g., the energy\nof a single state). We also derive a lower bound on the EP under more general\nconstraints on the transition rates, which is formulated in terms of a convex\noptimization problem.",
        "positive": "Exact Potts Model Partition Functions on Ladder Graphs: We present exact calculations of the partition function $Z$ of the $q$-state\nPotts model and its generalization to real $q$, the random cluster model, for\narbitrary temperature on $n$-vertex ladder graphs with free, cyclic, and\nM\\\"obius longitudinal boundary conditions. These partition functions are\nequivalent to Tutte/Whitney polynomials for these graphs. The free energy is\ncalculated exactly for the infinite-length limit of these ladder graphs and the\nthermodynamics is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collective Current Rectification: We consider a network of coupled underdamped ac-driven dynamical units\nexposed to a heat bath. The topology of connections defines the\nabsence/presence of certain spatial symmetries, which in turn cause\nnonzero/zero value of a mean dc-output. We discuss dynamical mechanisms of the\nrectification and identify dc-current reversals with\nsynchronization/desynchronization transitions in the network dynamics.",
        "positive": "Logarithmic roughening in a growth process with edge evaporation: Roughening transitions are often characterized by unusual scaling properties.\nAs an example we investigate the roughening transition in a solid-on-solid\ngrowth process with edge evaporation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2746 (1996)], where\nthe interface is known to roughen logarithmically with time. Performing\nhigh-precision simulations we find appropriate scaling forms for various\nquantities. Moreover we present a simple approximation explaining why the\ninterface roughens logarithmically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analysis of a generalised Boltzmann equation for anomalous diffusion\n  under time-dependent fields: The generalised Boltzmann equation which treats the combined localised and\ndelocalised nature of transport present in certain materials is extended to\naccommodate time-dependent fields. In particular, AC fields are shown to be a\nmeans to probe the trapping and detrapping rates of materials under certain\nconditions. Conditions leading to dispersive transport are considered, and the\nsignature of fractional/anomalous diffusion under AC electric fields is\npresented.",
        "positive": "Inter-occurrence times and universal laws in finance, earthquakes and\n  genomes: A plethora of natural, artificial and social systems exist which do not\nbelong to the Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistical-mechanical world, based on the\nstandard additive entropy $S_{BG}$ and its associated exponential BG factor.\nFrequent behaviors in such complex systems have been shown to be closely\nrelated to $q$-statistics instead, based on the nonadditive entropy $S_q$ (with\n$S_1=S_{BG}$), and its associated $q$-exponential factor which generalizes the\nusual BG one. In fact, a wide range of phenomena of quite different nature\nexist which can be described and, in the simplest cases, understood through\nanalytic (and explicit) functions and probability distributions which exhibit\nsome universal features. Universality classes are concomitantly observed which\ncan be characterized through indices such as $q$. We will exhibit here some\nsuch cases, namely concerning the distribution of inter-occurrence (or\ninter-event) times in the areas of finance, earthquakes and genomes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary State in an Integrable Quantum Field Theory Out of Equilibrium: We study a quantum quench of the mass and the interaction in the Sinh-Gordon\nmodel starting from a large initial mass and zero initial coupling. Our focus\nis on the determination of the expansion of the initial state in terms of\npost-quench excitations. We argue that the large energy profile of the involved\nexcitations can be relevant for the late time behaviour of the system and\ncommon regularization schemes are unreliable. We therefore proceed in\ndetermining the initial state by first principles expanding it in a systematic\nand controllable fashion on the basis of the asymptotic states. Our results\nshow that, for the special limit of pre-quench parameters we consider, it\nassumes a squeezed state form that has been shown to evolve so as to exhibit\nthe equilibrium behaviour predicted by the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble.",
        "positive": "Role of pulling direction in understanding the energy landscape of\n  proteins: Single molecule force spectroscopy provide details of the underlying energy\nsurfaces of proteins which are essential to the understanding of their\nunfolding process. Recently, it has been observed experimentally that by\npulling proteins in different directions relative to their secondary structure,\none can gain a better understanding of the shape of the energy landscape. We\nconsider simple lattice models which are anisotropic in nature to study the\nresponse of a force in unfolding of a polymer. Our analytical solution of the\nmodel, supported by extensive numerical calculations, reveal that the force\ntemperature diagrams are very different depending on the direction of the\napplied force. We find that either unzipping or shearing kind transitions\ndominate the dynamics of the unfolding process depending solely on the\ndirection of the applied force."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chapman-Enskog derivation of the generalized Smoluchowski equation: We use the Chapman-Enskog method to derive the Smoluchowski equation from the\nKramers equation in a high friction limit. We consider two main extensions of\nthis problem: we take into account a uniform rotation of the background medium\nand we consider a generalized class of Kramers equations associated with\ngeneralized free energy functionals. We mention applications of these results\nto systems with long-range interactions (self-gravitating systems, 2D vortices,\nbacterial populations,...). In that case, the Smoluchowski equation is\nnon-local. In the limit of short-range interactions, it reduces to a\ngeneralized form of the Cahn-Hilliard equation. These equations are associated\nwith an effective generalized thermodynamical formalism.",
        "positive": "Stochastic thermodynamics of bipartite systems: transfer entropy\n  inequalities and a Maxwell's demon interpretation: We consider the stationary state of a Markov process on a bipartite system\nfrom the perspective of stochastic thermodynamics. One subsystem is used to\nextract work from a heat bath while being affected by the second subsystem. We\nshow that the latter allows for a transparent and thermodynamically consistent\ninterpretation of a Maxwell's demon. Moreover, we obtain an integral\nfluctuation theorem involving the transfer entropy from one subsystem to the\nother. Comparing three different inequalities, we show that the entropy\ndecrease of the first subsystem provides a tighter bound on the rate of\nextracted work than both the rate of transfer entropy from this subsystem to\nthe demon and the heat dissipated through the dynamics of the demon. The latter\ntwo rates cannot be ordered by an inequality as shown with the illustrative\nexample of a four state system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Occurrence of normal and anomalous diffusion in polygonal billiard\n  channels: From extensive numerical simulations, we find that periodic polygonal\nbilliard channels with angles which are irrational multiples of pi generically\nexhibit normal diffusion (linear growth of the mean squared displacement) when\nthey have a finite horizon, i.e. when no particle can travel arbitrarily far\nwithout colliding. For the infinite horizon case we present numerical tests\nshowing that the mean squared displacement instead grows asymptotically as t\nlog t. When the unit cell contains accessible parallel scatterers, however, we\nalways find anomalous super-diffusion, i.e. power-law growth with an exponent\nlarger than 1. This behavior cannot be accounted for quantitatively by a simple\ncontinuous-time random walk model. Instead, we argue that anomalous diffusion\ncorrelates with the existence of families of propagating periodic orbits.\nFinally we show that when a configuration with parallel scatterers is\napproached there is a crossover from normal to anomalous diffusion, with the\ndiffusion coefficient exhibiting a power-law divergence.",
        "positive": "Tapping Thermodynamics of the One Dimensional Ising Model: We analyse the steady state regime of a one dimensional Ising model under a\ntapping dynamics recently introduced by analogy with the dynamics of\nmechanically perturbed granular media. The idea that the steady state regime\nmay be described by a flat measure over metastable states of fixed energy is\ntested by comparing various steady state time averaged quantities in extensive\nnumerical simulations with the corresponding ensemble averages computed\nanalytically with this flat measure. The agreement between the two averages is\nexcellent in all the cases examined, showing that a static approach is capable\nof predicting certain measurable properties of the steady state regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatial distribution of persistent sites: We study the distribution of persistent sites (sites unvisited by particles\n$A$) in one dimensional $A+A\\to\\emptyset$ reaction-diffusion model. We define\nthe {\\it empty intervals} as the separations between adjacent persistent sites,\nand study their size distribution $n(k,t)$ as a function of interval length $k$\nand time $t$. The decay of persistence is the process of irreversible\ncoalescence of these empty intervals, which we study analytically under the\nIndependent Interval Approximation (IIA). Physical considerations suggest that\nthe asymptotic solution is given by the dynamic scaling form\n$n(k,t)=s^{-2}f(k/s)$ with the average interval size $s\\sim t^{1/2}$. We show\nunder the IIA that the scaling function $f(x)\\sim x^{-\\tau}$ as $x\\to 0$ and\ndecays exponentially at large $x$. The exponent $\\tau$ is related to the\npersistence exponent $\\theta$ through the scaling relation $\\tau=2(1-\\theta)$.\nWe compare these predictions with the results of numerical simulations. We\ndetermine the two-point correlation function $C(r,t)$ under the IIA. We find\nthat for $r\\ll s$, $C(r,t)\\sim r^{-\\alpha}$ where $\\alpha=2-\\tau$, in agreement\nwith our earlier numerical results.",
        "positive": "Color-dependent interactions in the three coloring model: Since it was first discussed by Baxter in 1970, the three coloring model has\nbeen studied in several contexts, from frustrated magnetism to superconducting\ndevices and glassiness. In presence of interactions, when the model is no\nlonger exactly soluble, it was already observed that the phase diagram is\nhighly non-trivial. Here we discuss the generic case of `color-dependent'\nnearest-neighbor interactions between the vertex chiralities. We uncover\ndifferent critical regimes merging into one another: c=1/2 free fermions\ncombining into c=1 free bosons; c=1 free bosons combining into c=2 critical\nloop models; as well as three separate c=1/2 critical lines merging at a\nsupersymmetric c=3/2 critical point. When the three coupling constants are\ntuned to equal one another, transfer-matrix calculations highlight a puzzling\nregime where the central charge appears to vary continuously from 3/2 to 2."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On Tsallis nonequilibrium entropy evolution: In this paper we derived a 6N dimensional non-homogeneous evolution equation\nof Tsallis non-equilibrium entropy; presented a formula for entropy production\nrate (i.e. the law of entropy increase) for Tsallis entropy only when its index\nq>0, otherwise the law of entropy increase does not hold when q<0 or q=0.",
        "positive": "Phase Transitions in a Driven Lattice Gas with Anisotropic Interactions: The Ising lattice gas, with its well known equilibrium properties, displays a\nnumber of surprising phenomena when driven into non-equilibrium steady states.\nWe study such a model with anisotropic interparticle interactions ($J_{\\Vert\n}\\neq J_{\\bot}$), using both Monte Carlo simulations and high temperature\nseries techniques. Under saturation drive, the shift in the transition\ntemperature can be both positive and negative, depending on the ratio $J_{\\Vert\n}/J_{\\bot}$! For finite drives, both first and second order transitions are\nobserved. Some aspects of the phase diagram can be predicted by investigating\nthe two point correlation function at the first non-trivial order of a high\ntemperature series expansion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Escape rate and diffusion of a random walker: We determine the rate of escape from a potential well, and the diffusion\ncoefficient in a periodic potential, of a random walker that moves under the\ninfluence of the potential in between successive collisions with the heat bath.\nIn the overdamped limit, both the escape rate and the diffusion coefficient\ncoincide with those of a Langevin particle. Conversely, in the underdamped\nlimit the two dynamics have a different temperature dependence. In particular,\nat low temperature the random walk has a smaller escape rate, but a larger\ndiffusion coefficient.",
        "positive": "Long-Range and Many-Body Effects in Coagulation Processes: We study the problem of diffusing particles which coalesce upon contact. With\nthe aid of a non-perturbative renormalization group, we first analyze the\ndynamics emerging below the critical dimension two, where strong fluctuations\nimply anomalously slow decay. Above two dimensions, the long-time, low-density\nbehavior is known to conform with the law of mass action. For this case, we\nestablish an exact mapping between the physics at the microscopic scale\n(lattice structure, particle shape and size) and the macroscopic decay rate in\nthe law of mass action. In addition, we identify a term violating this\nclassical law. It originates in long-range and many-particle fluctuations and\nis a simple, universal function of the macroscopic decay rate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The fast sampling algorithm for Lie-Trotter products: A fast algorithm for path sampling in path integral Monte Carlo simulations\nis proposed. The algorithm utilizes the Levy-Ciesielski implementation of\nLie-Trotter products to achieve a mathematically proven computational cost of\nn*log_2(n) with the number of time slices n, despite the fact that each path\nvariable is updated separately, for reasons of optimality. In this respect, we\ndemonstrate that updating a group of random variables simultaneously results in\nloss of efficiency.",
        "positive": "Dimer states in atomic mixtures: A mixture of heavy atoms in a Mott state and light spin-1/2 fermionic atoms\nis studied in an optical lattice. Inelastic scattering processes between both\natomic species excite the heavy atoms and renormalize the tunneling rate as\nwell as the interaction of the light atoms. An effective Hamiltonian for the\nlatter is derived that describes tunneling of single fermions, tunneling of\nfermionic pairs and an exchange of fermionic spins. Low energy states of this\nHamiltonian are a N\\'eel state for strong effective repulsion, dimer states for\nmoderate interaction, and a density wave of paired fermions for strong\neffective attraction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transmission from reverse reaction coordinate mappings: We point out that the transport properties of non-interacting fermionic\nchains tunnel-coupled to two reservoirs at their ends can be mapped to those of\na single quantum dot that is tunnel-coupled to two transformed reservoirs. The\nparameters of the chain are mapped to additional structure in the spectral\ndensities of the transformed reservoirs. For example, this enables the\ncalculation of the transmission of quantum dot chains by evaluating the known\ntransmission of a single quantum dot together with structured spectral\ndensities. We exemplify this analytically for short chains, which allows to\noptimize the transmission. In addition, we also demonstrate that the mapping\ncan be performed numerically by computing the transmission of a\nSu-Schrieffer-Heeger chain.",
        "positive": "Emergence of many-body quantum chaos via spontaneous breaking of\n  unitarity: It is suggested that many-body quantum chaos appears as the spontaneous\nsymmetry breaking of unitarity in interacting quantum many-body systems. It has\nbeen shown that many-body level statistics, probed by the spectral form factor\n(SFF) defined as $K(\\eta,t)=\\langle|{\\rm Tr}\\, \\exp(-\\eta H + itH)|^2\\rangle$,\nis dominated by a diffuson-type mode in a field theory analysis. The key\nfinding of this Letter is that the \"unitary\" $\\eta=0$ case is different from\nthe $\\eta \\to 0^{\\pm}$ limit, with the latter leading to a finite mass of these\nmodes due to interactions. This mass suppresses a rapid exponential ramp in the\nSFF, which is responsible for the fast emergence of Poisson statistics in the\nnon-interacting case, and gives rise to a non-trivial random matrix structure\nof many-body levels. The interaction-induced mass in the SFF shares\nsimilarities with the dephasing rate in the theory of weak localization and the\nLyapunov exponent of the out-of-time-ordered correlators."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium entropy production for open quantum systems: We consider open quantum systems weakly coupled to a heat reservoir and\ndriven by arbitrary time-dependent parameters. We derive exact microscopic\nexpressions for the nonequilibrium entropy production and entropy production\nrate, valid arbitrarily far from equilibrium. By using the two-point energy\nmeasurement statistics for system and reservoir, we further obtain a quantum\ngeneralization of the integrated fluctuation theorem put forward by Seifert\n[PRL 95, 040602 (2005)].",
        "positive": "The Brownian Vacancy Driven Walk: We investigate the lattice walk performed by a tagged member of an infinite\n`sea' of particles filling a d-dimensional lattice, in the presence of a\nBrownian vacancy. Particle-particle exchange is forbidden; the only interaction\nbetween them being hard core exclusion. The tagged particle, differing from the\nothers only by its tag, moves only when it exchanges places with the hole. In\nthis sense, it is a lattice walk ``driven'' by the Brownian vacancy. The\nprobability distributions for its displacement and for the number of steps\ntaken, after $n$-steps of the vacancy, are derived. Surprisingly, none of them\nis a Gaussian! It is shown that the only nontrivial dimension where the walk is\nrecurrent is d=2."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the definition of the domain growth rate constant on a two\n  dimensional substrate: In chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods, the domain grows by attachment of\ndiffusing surface bound species on the substrate to an island of solid domain.\nWe formulate the process of single domain growth under two-dimensional\ndiffusion by taking into account the movement of the domain boundary. We first\ndiscuss two types of definition of the domain area growth rate constant; the\none defined through the domain size divided by the time duration of CVD growth\nand the other defined through the area divided by time. Then, we show that the\ndomain size is proportional to time for the reaction limited growth and the\ndomain area is proportional to time for the diffusion limited growth. We also\nshow that the domain area growth rate changes from the reaction limited growth\nto the diffusion limited growth as the domain size increases beyond a\ncharacteristic size.",
        "positive": "Complex viscosity behavior and cluster formation in attractive colloidal\n  systems: The increase of the viscosity, which is observed in attractive colloidal\nsystems by varying the temperature or the volume fraction, can be related to\nthe formation of structures due to particle aggregation. In particular we have\nstudied the non trivial dependence of the viscosity from the temperature and\nthe volume fraction in the copolymer-micellar system L64. The comparison of the\nexperimental data with the results of numerical simulations in a simple model\nfor gelation phenomena suggests that this intriguing behavior can be explained\nin terms of cluster formation and that this picture can be quite generally\nextended to other attractive colloidal systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low-temperature spin-glass behaviour in a diluted dipolar Ising system: Using Monte Carlo simulations, we study the character of the spin-glass (SG)\nstate of a site-diluted dipolar Ising model. We consider systems of dipoles\nrandomly placed on a fraction x of all L^3 sites of a simple cubic lattice that\npoint up or down along a given crystalline axis. For x < 0.65 these systems are\nknown to exhibit an equilibrium spin-glass phase below a temperature T_sg\nproportional to x. At high dilution and very low temperatures, well deep in the\nSG phase, we find spiky distributions of the overlap parameter q that are\nstrongly sample-dependent. We focus on spikes associated with large\nexcitations. From cumulative distributions of q and a pair correlation function\naveraged over several thousands of samples we find that, for the system sizes\nstudied, the average width of spikes, and the fraction of samples with spikes\nhigher than a certain threshold does not vary appreciably with L. This is\ncompared with the behaviour found for the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model.",
        "positive": "Movements of molecular motors: Ratchets, random walks and traffic\n  phenomena: Processive molecular motors which drive the traffic of organelles in cells\nmove in a directed way along cytoskeletal filaments. On large time scales, they\nperform motor walks, i.e., peculiar random walks which arise from the repeated\nunbinding from and rebinding to filaments. Unbound motors perform Brownian\nmotion in the surrounding fluid. In addition, the traffic of molecular motors\nexhibits many cooperative phenomena. In particular, it faces similar problems\nas the traffic on streets such as the occurrence of traffic jams and the\ncoordination of (two-way) traffic. These issues are studied here theoretically\nusing lattice models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic resetting in interacting particle systems: A review: We review recent work on systems with multiple interacting-particles having\nthe dynamical feature of stochastic resetting. The interplay of time scales\nrelated to inter-particle interactions and resetting leads to a rich behavior,\nboth static and dynamic. The presence of multiple particles also opens up a new\npossibility for the resetting dynamics itself, namely, that of different\nparticles resetting all together (global resetting) or independently (local\nresetting). We divide the review on the basis of specifics of reset dynamics\n(global versus local resetting), and further, on the basis of number (two\nversus a large number) of interacting particles. We will primarily be dealing\nwith classical systems, and only briefly discuss resetting in quantum systems.",
        "positive": "Study of Damage Propagation at the Interface Localization-Delocalization\n  Transition of the Confined Ising Model: The propagation of damage in a confined magnetic Ising film, with short range\ncompeting magnetic fields ($h$) acting at opposite walls, is studied by means\nof Monte Carlo simulations. Due to the presence of the fields, the film\nundergoes a wetting transition at a well defined critical temperature $T_w(h)$.\nIn fact, the competing fields causes the occurrence of an interface between\nmagnetic domains of different orientation. For $T < T_w(h)$ ($T > T_w(h)$) such\ninterface is bounded (unbounded) to the walls, while right at $T_w(h)$ the\ninterface is essentially located at the center of the film.\n  It is found that the spatio-temporal spreading of the damage becomes\nconsiderably enhanced by the presence of the interface, which act as a\n''catalyst'' of the damage causing an enhancement of the total damaged area.\nThe critical points for damage spreading are evaluated by extrapolation to the\nthermodynamic limit using a finite-size scaling approach. Furthermore, the\nwetting transition effectively shifts the location of the damage spreading\ncritical points, as compared with the well known critical temperature of the\norder-disorder transition characteristic of the Ising model. Such a critical\npoints are found to be placed within the non-wet phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimization of escape kinetics by reflecting and resetting: Stochastic restarting is a strategy of starting anew. Incorporation of the\nresetting to the random walks can result in the decrease of the mean first\npassage time, due to the ability to limit unfavorably meandering, sub-optimal\ntrajectories. In the following manuscript we examine how stochastic resetting\ninfluences escape dynamics from the $(-\\infty,1)$ interval in the presence of\nthe single-well power-law $|x|^\\kappa$ potentials with $\\kappa>0$. Examination\nof the mean first passage time is complemented by the analysis of the\ncoefficient of variation, which provides a robust and reliable indicator\nassessing efficiency of stochastic resetting. The restrictive nature of\nresetting is compared to placing a reflective boundary in the system at hand.\nIn particular, for each potential, the position of the reflecting barrier\ngiving the same mean first passage time as the optimal resetting rate is\ndetermined. Finally, in addition to reflecting, we compare effectiveness of\nother resetting strategies with respect to optimization of the mean first\npassage time.",
        "positive": "Energy transfer in networks with local magnetic time-reversal symmetry\n  breaking: Time-reversal symmetry of most conservative forces constrains the properties\nof linear transport in most physical systems. Here, I study the efficiency of\nenergy transfer in oscillator networks where time-reversal symmetry is broken\nlocally by Lorentz-force-like couplings. Despite their linearity, such networks\ncan exhibit mono-directional transport and allow to isolate energy transfer in\nsubsystems. New mechanisms and general rules for mono-directional transport are\ndiscussed. It is shown that the efficiency at maximum power can exceed $1/2$\nand may even approach the upper bound of unity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Active Brownian particles: Entropy production and fluctuation-response: Within the Rayleigh-Helmholtz model of active Brownian particles activity is\ndue to a non-linear velocity dependent force. In the presence of an external\ntrapping potential or a constant force, the steady state of the system breaks\ndetailed balance producing a net entropy. Using molecular dynamics simulations,\nwe obtain the probability distributions of entropy production in these steady\nstates. The distribution functions obey detailed fluctuation theorem for\nentropy production. Using simulation results, we further show that the steady\nstate response function obeys a modified fluctuation-dissipation relation.",
        "positive": "Systematic model behavior of adsorption on flat surfaces: A low density film on a flat surface is described by an expansion involving\nthe first four virial coefficients. The first coefficient (alone) yields the\nHenry's law regime, while the next three correct for the effects of\ninteractions. The results permit exploration of the idea of universal\nadsorption behavior, which is compared with experimental data for a number of\nsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A new synchronization mechanism via Turing-like microscopic structures\n  for CO oxidation on Pt(110): We discuss an alternative to the traditional gas-phase coupling approach in\norder to explain synchronized global oscillations in CO oxidation on Pt(110).\nWe use a minimalist microscopic model which includes structural Pt surface\nreconstruction via front propagation, and large diffusion rates for CO. The\nsynchronization mechanism is associated with the formation of a Turing-like\nstructure of the substrate. By using large parallel microscopic simulations we\nderive a scaling laws which allow us to extrapolate to realistic diffusion\nrates, pattern size, and oscillation periods.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium linear response for Markov dynamics, I: jump processes\n  and overdamped diffusions: Systems out of equilibrium, in stationary as well as in nonstationary\nregimes, display a linear response to energy impulses simply expressed as the\nsum of two specific temporal correlation functions. There is a natural\ninterpretation of these quantities. The first term corresponds to the\ncorrelation between observable and excess entropy flux yielding a relation with\nenergy dissipation like in equilibrium. The second term comes with a new\nmeaning: it is the correlation between the observable and the excess in\ndynamical activity or reactivity, playing an important role in dynamical\nfluctuation theory out-of-equilibrium. It appears as a generalized escape rate\nin the occupation statistics. The resulting response formula holds for all\nobservables and allows direct numerical or experimental evaluation, for example\nin the discussion of effective temperatures, as it only involves the\nstatistical averaging of explicit quantities, e.g. without needing an\nexpression for the nonequilibrium distribution. The physical interpretation and\nthe mathematical derivation are independent of many details of the dynamics,\nbut in this first part they are restricted to Markov jump processes and\noverdamped diffusions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stratification Instability in Granular Flows: When a mixture of two kinds of grains differing in size and shape is poured\nin a vertical two-dimensional cell, the mixture spontaneously stratifies in\nalternating layers of small and large grains, whenever the large grains are\nmore faceted than the small grains. Otherwise, the mixture spontaneously\nsegregates in different regions of the cell when the large grains are more\nrounded than the small grains. We address the question of the origin of the\ninstability mechanism leading to stratification using a recently proposed set\nof equations for surface flow of granular mixtures. We show that the stable\nsolution of the system is a segregation solution due to size (large grains tend\nto segregate downhill near the substrate and small grains tend to segregate\nuphill) and shape (rounded grains tend to segregate downhill and more faceted\ngrains tend to segregate uphill). As a result, the segregation solution of the\nsystem is realized for mixtures of large-rounded grains and small-cubic grains\nwith the large-rounded grains segregating near the bottom of the pile.\nStability analysis reveals the instability mechanism driving the system to\nstratification as a competition between size-segregation and shape-segregation\ntaking place for mixtures of large-cubic grains and small-rounded grains. The\nlarge-cubic grains tend to size-segregate at the bottom of the pile, while at\nthe same time, they tend to shape-segregate near the pouring point. Thus, the\nsegregation solution becomes unstable, and the system evolves spontaneously to\nstratification.",
        "positive": "Simulated bifurcation assisted by thermal fluctuation: Various kinds of Ising machines based on unconventional computing have\nrecently been developed for practically important combinatorial optimization.\nAmong them, the machines implementing a heuristic algorithm called simulated\nbifurcation have achieved high performance, where Hamiltonian dynamics are\nsimulated by massively parallel processing. To further improve the performance\nof simulated bifurcation, here we introduce thermal fluctuation to its dynamics\nrelying on the Nos\\'e-Hoover method, which has been used to simulate\nHamiltonian dynamics at finite temperatures. We find that a heating process in\nthe Nos\\'e-Hoover method can assist simulated bifurcation to escape from local\nminima of the Ising problem, and hence lead to improved performance. We thus\npropose heated simulated bifurcation and demonstrate its performance\nimprovement by numerically solving instances of the Ising problem with up to\n2000 spin variables and all-to-all connectivity. Proposed heated simulated\nbifurcation is expected to be accelerated by parallel processing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theoretical description of slow non-monotonic relaxation processes in\n  Al-Y melts: The slow non-monotonic relaxation processes, which have been recently fixed\nin Al-Y melts, are described theoretically. The theoretical description is\nbased on the Cahn-Hilliard theory and functional methods of non-equilibrium\ndynamics. In terms of the suggested approach the reasons of this relaxation\nkinetics are non-linearity of the system near to the liquidus line, which\nsharply increases with Y concentration, and strong initial heterogeneity of the\nmelt on the concentration of Y atoms. According to our analysis one can\nconclude that the non-monotonic temporal dependence of viscosity is caused by\nthe Ostwald ripening processes in the rich in yttrium areas.",
        "positive": "Field theory with coherent states for many-body problems with specified\n  particle- and symmetry- quantum numbers (Non-relativistic electrons in a\n  central potential and an external magnetic field): Coherent state path integrals are applied to a many-body problem for\nnon-relativistic electrons in a central potential and an external magnetic\nfield; however, in comparison to previous coherent state path integrals, we\ndefinitely fix the symmetry quantum numbers to specific values with second\nquantized field operators which are restricted by delta functions of a Dirac\nidentity in a trace representation of anti-commuting coherent states. We\nperform an anomalous doubling for the delta functions of the two-particle parts\nso that a Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation can be taken for corresponding\nself-energies with a coset decomposition. The given field theory can be\nextended to an ensemble average over the external magnetic field so that mean\neigenvalue densities and eigenvalue correlations can be obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic susceptibility of diluted pyrochlore and SCGO antiferromagnets: We investigate the magnetic susceptibility of the classical Heisenberg\nantiferromagnet with nearest-neighbour interactions on the geometrically\nfrustrated pyrochlore lattice, for a pure system and in the presence of\ndilution with nonmagnetic ions. Using the fact that the correlation length in\nthis system for small dilution is always short, we obtain an approximate but\naccurate expression for the magnetic susceptibility at all temperatures. We\nextend this theory to the compound SrCr_{9-9x}Ga_{3+9x}O_{19} (SCGO) and\nprovide an explanation of the phenomenological model recently proposed by\nSchiffer and Daruka [Phys. Rev. B56, 13712 (1997)].",
        "positive": "Lattice Statistics in Three Dimensions: Exact Solution of Layered Dimer\n  and Layered Domain Wall Models: Exact analyses are given for two three-dimensional lattice systems: A system\nof close-packed dimers placed in layers of honeycomb lattices and a layered\ntriangular-lattice interacting domain wall model, both with nontrivial\ninterlayer interactions. We show that both models are equivalent to a 5-vertex\nmodel on the square lattice with interlayer vertex-vertex interactions. Using\nthe method of Bethe ansatz, a closed-form expression for the free energy is\nobtained and analyzed. We deduce the exact phase diagram and determine the\nnature of the phase transitions as a function of the strength of the interlayer\ninteraction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Negative mobility, sliding and delocalization for stochastic networks: We consider prototype configurations for quasi-one-dimensional stochastic\nnetworks that exhibit negative mobility, meaning that current decreases or even\nreversed as the bias is increased. We then explore the implications of\ndisorder. In particular we ask whether lower and upper bias thresholds restrict\nthe possibility to witness non-zero current (sliding and anti-sliding\ntransitions respectively), and whether a delocalization effect manifest itself\n(crossover from over-damped to under-damped relaxation). In the latter context\ndetailed analysis of the relaxation spectrum as a function of the bias is\nprovided for both on-chain and off-chain disorder.",
        "positive": "Perturbative dynamic renormalization of scalar field theories in\n  statistical physics: Renormalization is a powerful technique in statistical physics to extract the\nlarge-scale behavior of interacting many-body models. These notes aim to give\nan introduction to perturbative methods that operate on the level of the\nstochastic evolution equation for a scalar field (e.g., density), including\nsystems that are driven away from equilibrium and thus lack a free energy.\nWhile there is a large number of reviews and lecture notes, many are somewhat\nscarce on technical details and written in the language of quantum field\ntheory, which can be more confusing than helpful. Here we attempt a minimal and\nconcise yet pedagogical introduction to dynamic renormalization in the language\nof statistical physics with a strong focus on how to actually perform\ncalculations. We provide a symbolic algebra implementation of the discussed\ntechniques including Jupyter notebooks of two illustrations: the KPZ equation\nand a neural network model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-kink bound states in the magnetically perturbed Potts field theory\n  at T<Tc: The q-state Potts field theory with $2\\le q\\le 4$ in the low-temperature\nphase is considered in presence of a weak magnetic field h. In absence of the\nmagnetic field, the theory is integrable, but not free at q>2: its elementary\nexcitations - the kinks - interact at small distances, and their interaction\ncan be characterized by the factorizable scattering matrix which was found by\nChim and Zamolodchikov. The magnetic field induces the long-range attraction\nbetween kinks causing their confinement into the bound-states. We calculate the\nmasses of the two-kink bound states in the leading order in |h| -> 0 expressing\nthem in terms of the scattering matrix of kinks at h=0.",
        "positive": "Navigation in a small world with local information: It is commonly known that there exist short paths between vertices in a\nnetwork showing the small-world effect. Yet vertices, for example, the\nindividuals living in society, usually are not able to find the shortest paths,\ndue to the very serious limit of information. To theoretically study this\nissue, here the navigation process of launching messages toward designated\ntargets is investigated on a variant of the one-dimensional small-world network\n(SWN). In the network structure considered, the probability of a shortcut\nfalling between a pair of nodes is proportional to $r^{-\\alpha}$, where $r$ is\nthe lattice distance between the nodes. When $\\alpha =0$, it reduces to the SWN\nmodel with random shortcuts. The system shows the dynamic small-world (SW)\neffect, which is different from the well-studied static SW effect. We study the\neffective network diameter, the path length as a function of the lattice\ndistance, and the dynamics. They are controlled by multiple parameters, and we\nuse data collapse to show that the parameters are correlated. The central\nfinding is that, in the one-dimensional network studied, the dynamic SW effect\nexists for $0\\leq \\alpha \\leq 2$. For each given value of $\\alpha $ in this\nregion, the point that the dynamic SW effect arises is $ML^{\\prime}\\sim 1$,\nwhere $M$ is the number of useful shortcuts and $L^{\\prime}$ is the average\nreduced (effective) length of them."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structural and dynamical properties of sodium silicate melts: An\n  investigation by molecular dynamics computer simulation: We present the results of large scale computer simulations in which we\ninvestigate the static and dynamic properties of sodium disilicate and sodium\ntrisilicate melts. We study in detail the static properties of these systems,\nnamely the coordination numbers, the temperature dependence of the Q^(n)\nspecies and the static structure factor, and compare them with experiments. We\nshow that the structure is described by a partially destroyed tetrahedral SiO_4\nnetwork and the homogeneously distributed sodium atoms which are surrounded on\naverage by 16 silicon and other sodium atoms as nearest neighbors. We compare\nthe diffusion of the ions in the sodium silicate systems with that in pure\nsilica and show that it is much slower in the latter. The sodium diffusion is\ncharacterized by an activated hopping through the Si-O matrix which is frozen\nwith respect to the movement of the sodium atoms. We identify the elementary\ndiffusion steps for the sodium and the oxygen diffusion and find that in the\ncase of sodium they are related to the breaking of a Na-Na bond and in the case\nof oxygen to that of a Si-O bond. From the self part of the van Hove\ncorrelation function we recognize that at least two successive diffusion steps\nof a sodium atom are spatially highly correlated with each other. With the same\nquantity we show that at low temperatures also the oxygen diffusion is\ncharacterized by activated hopping events.",
        "positive": "Acoustic emission data based modelling of fracture of glassy polymer: Acoustic emission (AE) activity data resulting from the fracture processes of\nbrittle materials is valuable real time information regarding the evolving\nstate of damage in the material. Here, through a combined experimental and\ncomputational study we explore the possibility of utilising the statistical\nsignatures of AE activity data for characterisation of disorder parameter in\nsimulation of tensile fracture of epoxy based polymer. For simulations we use a\nsquare random spring network model with quasi-brittle spring behaviour and a\nnormally distributed failure strain threshold. We show that the disorder\ncharacteristics while have marginal effect on the power law exponent of the\navalanche size distribution, are strongly correlated with the waiting time\ninterval between consecutive record breaking avalanches as well as the total\nnumber of records. This sensitivity to disorder is exploited in estimating the\ndisorder parameter suitable for the experiments on tensile failure of epoxy\nbased polymer. The disorder parameter is estimated assuming equivalence between\nthe amplitude distribution of AE data and avalanche size distribution of the\nsimulations. The chosen disorder parameter is shown to well reproduce the\nfailure characteristics in terms of the peak load of the macroscopic response,\nthe power-law behaviour with avalanche dominated fracture type as well as\nrealistic fracture paths."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spontaneous symmetry breaking and the flat phase of crystalline\n  membranes: Crystalline membranes are one of the rare examples of bidimensional systems\nin which long-range order can stabilise an ordered phase in the thermodynamic\nlimit. By a careful analysis of the Goldstone modes counting, we propose a\nsymmetry breaking mechanism associated with the generation of the flat phase\nand show how it highlights the crucial role played by the crystalline lattice\nin the establishment of long-range order in these objects. Comparison with\nother symmetry breaking mechanisms in membrane physics is also used to unveil\nthe links between symmetry breaking patterns and the physical properties of the\nflat phase.",
        "positive": "What the survivors' areas do at long times?: We investigate the long time behavior of the survivors' area in the scaling\nstate of two dimensional soap froth. We relate this problem to the recently\nstudied temporal decay of the fraction of Potts spins that have never been\nflipped till time t. The results of our topological simulations are consistent\nwith the value $\\theta=1$ for the scaling exponent of the survivors' areas, in\nagreement with a recently obtained analytical result. We find, however, that\nthe relaxation time needed to get into the scaling regime depends on the degree\nof randomness in the topological rearrangements and becomes very large in the\ndeterministic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Networks of Steps on Au and Pt Crystals: Networks of steps, seen in STM observations of vicinal surfaces on Au and Pt\n(110), are analyzed. A simple model is introduced for the calculation of the\nfree energy of the networks as function of the slope parameters, valid at low\nstep densities. It predicts that the networks are unstable, or at least\nmetastable, against faceting and gives an equilibrium crystal shape with sharp\nedges either between the (110) facet and rounded regions or between two rounded\nregions. Experimental observations of the equilibrium shapes of Au or Pt\ncrystals at sufficiently low temperatures, i.e. below the deconstruction\ntemperature of the (110) facet, could check the validity of these predictions.",
        "positive": "Scaling theory of continuum dislocation dynamics in three dimensions:\n  Self-organized fractal pattern formation: We focus on mesoscopic dislocation patterning via a continuum dislocation\ndynamics theory (CDD) in three dimensions (3D). We study three distinct\nphysically motivated dynamics which consistently lead to fractal formation in\n3D with rather similar morphologies, and therefore we suggest that this is a\ngeneral feature of the 3D collective behavior of geometrically necessary\ndislocation (GND) ensembles. The striking self-similar features are measured in\nterms of correlation functions of physical observables, such as the GND\ndensity, the plastic distortion, and the crystalline orientation. Remarkably,\nall these correlation functions exhibit spatial power-law behaviors, sharing a\nsingle underlying universal critical exponent for each type of dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time Series Path Integral Expansions for Stochastic Processes: A form of time series path integral expansion is provided that enables both\nanalytic and numerical temporal effect calculations for a range of stochastic\nprocesses. Birth-death processes with linear rates are analysed via coherent\nstate Doi-Peliti techniques. The $\\mathfrak{su}(1,1)$ Lie algebra is utilised\nto capture quadratic rate birth-death processes. The techniques are also\nadapted to diffusion processes. All methods rely on finding a suitable\nreproducing kernel associated with the underlying algebra to perform the\nexpansion. The resulting series differ from those found in standard Dyson time\nseries field theory techniques.",
        "positive": "Spin wave specific heat in quasiperiodic Fibonacci structures: The energy spectra of a variety of collective modes on quasiperiodic\nstructures exhibit a complex fractal profile. Among the modes that have\nattracted particular attention in this context, are the spin wave spectra of\nquasiperiodic magnetic multilayers that obey a substitutional sequence of the\nFibonacci type. They are described within the framework of the Heisenberg\ntheory. In order to have a deep insight on the relevant thermodynamical\nimplications of the above mentioned energy spectra's fractal profile, we have\nperformed analytical and numerical calculations of the spin wave specific heat\nassociated with successive hierarchical sequences of the Fibonacci\nquasiperiodic structures. The spectra show interesting oscillatory behavior in\nthe low-temperature region, which can be traced back to the spin wave's\nself-similar energy spectrum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Off-diagonal correlations of the Calogero-Sutherland model: We study correlation functions of the Calogero-Sutherland model in the whole\nrange of the interaction parameter. Using the replica method we obtain\nanalytical expressions for the long-distance asymptotics of the one-body\ndensity matrix in addition to the previously derived asymptotics of the\npair-distribution function [D.M. Gangardt and A. Kamenev, Nucl. Phys. B, 610,\n578 (2001)]. The leading analytic and non-analytic terms in the short-distance\nexpansion of the one-body density matrix are discussed. Exact numerical results\nfor these correlation functions are obtained using Monte Carlo techniques for\nall distances. The momentum distribution and static structure factor are\ncalculated. The potential and kinetic energies are obtained using the\nHellmann-Feynman theorem. Perfect agreement is found between the analytical\nexpressions and numerical data. These results allow for the description of\nphysical regimes of the Calogero-Sutherland model. The zero temperature phase\ndiagram is found to be of a crossover type and includes quasi-condensation,\nquasi-crystallization and quasi-supersolid regimes.",
        "positive": "Statistical Physics of Hard Optimization Problems: Optimization is fundamental in many areas of science, from computer science\nand information theory to engineering and statistical physics, as well as to\nbiology or social sciences. It typically involves a large number of variables\nand a cost function depending on these variables. Optimization problems in the\nNP-complete class are particularly difficult, it is believed that the number of\noperations required to minimize the cost function is in the most difficult\ncases exponential in the system size. However, even in an NP-complete problem\nthe practically arising instances might, in fact, be easy to solve. The\nprincipal question we address in this thesis is: How to recognize if an\nNP-complete constraint satisfaction problem is typically hard and what are the\nmain reasons for this? We adopt approaches from the statistical physics of\ndisordered systems, in particular the cavity method developed originally to\ndescribe glassy systems. We describe new properties of the space of solutions\nin two of the most studied constraint satisfaction problems - random\nsatisfiability and random graph coloring. We suggest a relation between the\nexistence of the so-called frozen variables and the algorithmic hardness of a\nproblem. Based on these insights, we introduce a new class of problems which we\nnamed \"locked\" constraint satisfaction, where the statistical description is\neasily solvable, but from the algorithmic point of view they are even more\nchallenging than the canonical satisfiability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Biological evolution through mutation, selection, and drift: An\n  introductory review: Motivated by present activities in (statistical) physics directed towards\nbiological evolution, we review the interplay of three evolutionary forces:\nmutation, selection, and genetic drift. The review addresses itself to\nphysicists and intends to bridge the gap between the biological and the\nphysical literature. We first clarify the terminology and recapitulate the\nbasic models of population genetics, which describe the evolution of the\ncomposition of a population under the joint action of the various evolutionary\nforces. Building on these foundations, we specify the ingredients explicitly,\nnamely, the various mutation models and fitness landscapes. We then review\nrecent developments concerning models of mutational degradation. These predict\nupper limits for the mutation rate above which mutation can no longer be\ncontrolled by selection, the most important phenomena being error thresholds,\nMuller's ratchet, and mutational meltdowns. Error thresholds are deterministic\nphenomena, whereas Muller's ratchet requires the stochastic component brought\nabout by finite population size. Mutational meltdowns additionally rely on an\nexplicit model of population dynamics, and describe the extinction of\npopulations. Special emphasis is put on the mutual relationship between these\nphenomena. Finally, a few connections with the process of molecular evolution\nare established.",
        "positive": "Critical Behavior of O(n)-symmetric Systems With Reversible\n  Mode-coupling Terms: Stability Against Detailed-balance Violation: We investigate nonequilibrium critical properties of $O(n)$-symmetric models\nwith reversible mode-coupling terms. Specifically, a variant of the model of\nSasv\\'ari, Schwabl, and Sz\\'epfalusy is studied, where violation of detailed\nbalance is incorporated by allowing the order parameter and the dynamically\ncoupled conserved quantities to be governed by heat baths of different\ntemperatures $T_S$ and $T_M$, respectively. Dynamic perturbation theory and the\nfield-theoretic renormalization group are applied to one-loop order, and yield\ntwo new fixed points in addition to the equilibrium ones. The first one\ncorresponds to $\\Theta = T_S / T_M = \\infty$ and leads to model A critical\nbehavior for the order parameter and to anomalous noise correlations for the\ngeneralized angular momenta; the second one is at $\\Theta = 0$ and is\ncharacterized by mean-field behavior of the conserved quantities, by a dynamic\nexponent $z = d / 2$ equal to that of the equilibrium SSS model, and by\nmodified static critical exponents. However, both these new fixed points are\nunstable, and upon approaching the critical point detailed balance is restored,\nand the equilibrium static and dynamic critical properties are recovered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inactive dynamical phase of a symmetric exclusion process on a ring: We investigate the nature of the dynamically inactive phase of a simple\nsymmetric exclusion process on a ring. We find that as the system's activity is\ntuned to a lower-than-average value the particles progressively lump into a\nsingle cluster, thereby forming a kink in the density profile. All dynamical\nregimes, and their finite size range of validity, are explicitly determined.",
        "positive": "S-ordered phase-space path integrals and time-s-ordering of Heisenberg\n  operators (reseach notes): Formal structure of phase-space path integrals based on different types of\noperator orderings is analysed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The peculiarities of Bose-condensation of quasiparticles: An attempt is made to consider the difference between the proccesses of the\nBose-Einstein condensation of particles and quasiparticles. An equation for\nparticle number of the Bose-condensate as a function of the total number of\nparticles in the system is obtained. This equation is also written for the\ncaseof quasiparticles with taking into account their creation by pumping and\nthe existence ofequilibriumthermal excitations in the system. From the analysis\nof both these equations the chemical potential of pumped quasiparticles and\ntheir number in the condensate as a function of pumping intensity is found. It\nis shown that for low energy quasiparticles the proccess of Bose-condensation\nbegins and proceeds at arbitrary temperatures high enough included.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of the spin square: Small spin systems at the interface between analytical studies and\nexperimental application have been intensively studied in recent decades. The\nspin ring consisting of four spins with uniform antiferromagnetic Heisenberg\ninteraction is an example of a completely integrable system, in the double\nsense: quantum mechanical and classical. However, this does not automatically\nimply that the thermodynamic quantities of the classical system can also be\ncalculated explicitly. In this work, we derive analytical expressions for the\ndensity of states, the partition function, specific heat, entropy, and\nsusceptibility. These theoretical results are confirmed by numerical tests.\nThis allows us to compare the quantum mechanical quantities for increasing spin\nquantum numbers $s$ with their classical counterparts in the classical limit\n$s\\to \\infty$. As expected, a good agreement is obtained, except for the low\ntemperature region. However, this region shrinks with increasing $s$, so that\nthe classical state variables emerge as envelopes of the quantum mechanical\nones."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-reversible Monte Carlo: an example of 'true' self-repelling motion: We link the large-scale dynamics of non-reversible Monte Carlo algorithms as\nwell as a lifted TASEP to an exactly soluble model of self-repelling motion. We\npresent arguments for the connection between the problems and perform\nsimulations, where we show that the empirical distribution functions generated\nfrom Monte Carlo are well described by the analytic solution of self-repelling\nmotion.",
        "positive": "An interpretation of Tsallis statistics based on polydispersity: It is argued that polydispersed systems like colloids provide a direct\nexample where Tsallis' statistical distribution is useful for describing the\nheirarchical nature of the system based on particle size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A geometric conjecture about phase transitions: As phenomena that necessarily emerge from the collective behavior of\ninteracting particles, phase transitions continue to be difficult to predict\nusing statistical thermodynamics. A recent proposal called the topological\nhypothesis suggests that the existence of a phase transition could perhaps be\ninferred from changes to the topology of the accessible part of the\nconfiguration space. This paper instead suggests that such a topological change\nis often associated with a dramatic change in the configuration space geometry,\nand that the geometric change is the actual driver of the phase transition.\nMore precisely, a geometric change that brings about a discontinuity in the\nmixing time required for an initial probability distribution on the\nconfiguration space to reach steady-state is conjectured to be related to the\nonset of a phase transition in the thermodynamic limit. This conjecture is\ntested by evaluating the diffusion diameter and $\\epsilon$-mixing time of the\nconfiguration spaces of hard disk and hard sphere systems of increasing size.\nExplicit geometries are constructed for the configuration spaces of these\nsystems, and numerical evidence suggests that a discontinuity in the\n$\\epsilon$-mixing time coincides with the solid-fluid phase transition in the\nthermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "Condensation and vortex formation in Bose-gas upon cooling: The mechanism for the transition of a Bose gas to the superfluid state via\nthermal fluctuations is considered. It is shown that in the process of external\ncooling some critical fluctuations (instantons) are formed above the critical\ntemperature. The probability of the instanton formation is calculated in the\nthree and two-dimensional cases. It is found that this probability increases as\nthe system approaches the transition temperature. It is shown that the\nevolution of an individual instanton is impossible without the formation of\nvortices in its superfluid part."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal logarithmic terms in the entanglement entropy of 2d, 3d and 4d\n  random transverse-field Ising models: The entanglement entropy of the random transverse-field Ising model is\ncalculated by a numerical implementation of the asymptotically exact strong\ndisorder renormalization group method in 2d, 3d and 4d hypercubic lattices for\ndifferent shapes of the subregion. We find that the area law is always\nsatisfied, but there are analytic corrections due to E-dimensional edges\n(1<=E<=d-2). More interesting is the contribution arising from corners, which\nis logarithmically divergent at the critical point and its prefactor in a given\ndimension is universal, i.e. independent of the form of disorder.",
        "positive": "Matrix Product Belief Propagation for reweighted stochastic dynamics\n  over graphs: Stochastic processes on graphs can describe a great variety of phenomena\nranging from neural activity to epidemic spreading. While many existing methods\ncan accurately describe typical realizations of such processes, computing\nproperties of extremely rare events is a hard task. Particularly so in the case\nof recurrent models, in which variables may return to a previously visited\nstate. Here, we build on the matrix product cavity method, extending it\nfundamentally in two directions: first, we show how it can be applied to Markov\nprocesses biased by arbitrary reweighting factors that concentrate most of the\nprobability mass on rare events. Second, we introduce an efficient scheme to\nreduce the computational cost of a single node update from exponential to\npolynomial in the node degree. Two applications are considered: inference of\ninfection probabilities from sparse observations within the SIRS epidemic\nmodel, and the computation of both typical observables and large deviations of\nseveral kinetic Ising models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometrically Frustrated Systems which are as Singles Hotter Than in\n  Company: We show that an ensemble of thermally weakly coupled geometrically frustrated\nsystems (GFSs), which are constraint to reside at negative Boltzmann\ntemperatures, is in equilibrium cooler than its constituents, and may even\nexhibit positive temperatures at low energies. The challenge for the second law\nof thermodynamics arising from potential heat flow related to the Boltzmann\ntemperature gradient between a GFS and its ensemble is resolved by considering\nthe energy fluctuations above the ground state, i.e. the most probable state of\na GFS. They are comprised in the canonical temperature, derived from\ninformation theory. Whereas the Boltzmann temperature gradient reveals the\ndirection of the stochastic drift of the most probable state of a GFS within\nits ensemble, canonical temperature gradients define that of heat flow.",
        "positive": "Gap and screening in Raman scattering of a Bose condensed gas: We propose different spectroscopic methods to explore the nature of the\nthermal excitations of a trapped Bose condensed gas: 1) a four photon process\nto probe the uniform region in the trap center: 2) a stimulated Raman process\nin order to analyze the influence of a momentum transfer in the resulting\nscattered atom momentum distribution. We apply these methods to address\nspecifically the energy spectrum and the scattering amplitude of these\nexcitations in a transition between two hyperfine levels of the gas atoms. In\nparticular, we exemplify the potential offered by these proposed techniques by\ncontrasting the spectrum expected, from the {\\it non conserving} Bogoliubov\napproximation valid for weak depletion, to the spectrum of the finite\ntemperature extensions like the {\\it conserving} generalized random phase\napproximation (GRPA). Both predict the existence of the Bogoliubov collective\nexcitations but the GRPA approximation distinguishes them from the single atom\nexcitations with a gapped and parabolic dispersion relation and accounts for\nthe dynamical screening of any external perturbation applied to the gas. We\npropose two feasible experiments, one concerns the observation of the gap\nassociated to this second branch of excitations and the other deals with this\nscreening effect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Semianalytical solutions of Ising-like and Potts-like magnetic polymers\n  on the Bethe lattice: We study magnetic polymers, defined as self-avoiding walks where each monomer\n$i$ carries a \"spin'' $s_i$ and interacts with its first neighbor monomers, let\nus say $j$, via a coupling constant $J(s_i,s_j)$. Ising-like [$s_i = \\pm 1$,\nwith $J(s_i,s_j) = \\varepsilon s_i s_j$] and Potts-like [$s_i = 1,\\ldots,q$,\nwith $J(s_i,s_j)=\\varepsilon_{s_i} \\delta(s_i,s_j)$] models are investigated.\nSome particular cases of these systems have recently been studied in the\ncontinuum and on regular lattices, and are related to interesting applications.\nHere, we solve these models on Bethe lattices of ramification $\\sigma$,\nfocusing on the ferromagnetic case in zero external magnetic field. In most\ncases, the phase diagrams present a non-polymerized (NP) and two polymerized\nphases: a paramagnetic (PP) and a ferromagnetic (FP) one. However, quite\ndifferent thermodynamic properties are found depending on $q$ in the Potts-like\npolymers and on whether one uses the Ising or Potts coupling in the two-state\nsystems. Importantly, these results indicate that when $q\\le 6$ the spin\nordering transition is preceded by the polymer collapse transition, whereas for\n$q\\ge 7$ and in the Ising case these transitions happen together at\ncritical-end-points. Some interesting non-standard Potts models are also\nstudied, such as the lattice version of the model for epigenetic marks in the\nchromatin introduced in [PRX {\\bf 6}, 041047 (2016)]. In addition, the solution\nof the dilute Ising and dilute Potts models on the Bethe lattice are also\npresented here, once they are important to understand the PP-FP transitions.",
        "positive": "Systematically Accelerated Convergence of Path Integrals: We present a new analytical method that systematically improves the\nconvergence of path integrals of a generic $N$-fold discretized theory. Using\nit we calculate the effective actions $S^{(p)}$ for $p\\le 9$ which lead to the\nsame continuum amplitudes as the starting action, but that converge to that\ncontinuum limit as $1/N^p$. We checked this derived speedup in convergence by\nperforming Monte Carlo simulations on several different models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Instantaneous Gelation in Smoluchowski's Coagulation Equation Revisited: We study the solutions of the Smoluchowski coagulation equation with a\nregularisation term which removes clusters from the system when their mass\nexceeds a specified cut-off size, M. We focus primarily on collision kernels\nwhich would exhibit an instantaneous gelation transition in the absence of any\nregularisation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that for such kernels with\nmonodisperse initial data, the regularised gelation time decreases as M\nincreases, consistent with the expectation that the gelation time is zero in\nthe unregularised system. This decrease appears to be a logarithmically slow\nfunction of M, indicating that instantaneously gelling kernels may still be\njustifiable as physical models despite the fact that they are highly singular\nin the absence of a cut-off. We also study the case when a source of monomers\nis introduced in the regularised system. In this case a stationary state is\nreached. We present a complete analytic description of this regularised\nstationary state for the model kernel, K(m_1,m_2)=max{m_1,m_2}^v, which gels\ninstantaneously when M tends to infinity if v>1. The stationary cluster size\ndistribution decays as a stretched exponential for small cluster sizes and\ncrosses over to a power law decay with exponent v for large cluster sizes. The\ntotal particle density in the stationary state slowly vanishes as (Log\nM^(v-1))^-1/2 when M gets large. The approach to the stationary state is\nnon-trivial : oscillations about the stationary state emerge from the interplay\nbetween the monomer injection and the cut-off, M, which decay very slowly when\nM is large. A quantitative analysis of these oscillations is provided for the\naddition model which describes the situation in which clusters can only grow by\nabsorbing monomers.",
        "positive": "Interacting Random Walkers and Non-Equilibrium Fluctuations: We introduce a model of interacting Random Walk, whose hopping amplitude\ndepends on the number of walkers/particles on the link. The mesoscopic\ncounterpart of such a microscopic dynamics is a diffusing system whose\ndiffusivity depends on the particle density. A non-equilibrium stationary flux\ncan be induced by suitable boundary conditions, and we show indeed that it is\nmesoscopically described by a Fourier equation with a density dependent\ndiffusivity. A simple mean-field description predicts a critical diffusivity if\nthe hopping amplitude vanishes for a certain walker density. Actually, we\nevidence that, even if the density equals this pseudo-critical value, the\nsystem does not present any criticality but only a dynamical slowing down. This\nproperty is confirmed by the fact that, in spite of interaction, the particle\ndistribution at equilibrium is simply described in terms of a product of\nPoissonians. For mesoscopic systems with a stationary flux, a very effect of\ninteraction among particles consists in the amplification of fluctuations,\nwhich is especially relevant close to the pseudo-critical density. This agrees\nwith analogous results obtained for Ising models, clarifying that larger\nfluctuations are induced by the dynamical slowing down and not by a genuine\ncriticality. The consistency of this amplification effect with altered coloured\nnoise in time series is also proved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions with four-spin interactions: Using an extended Lee-Yang theorem and GKS correlation inequalities, we\nprove, for a class of ferromagnetic multi-spin interactions, that they will\nhave a phase transition(and spontaneous magnetization) if, and only if, the\nexternal field $h=0$ (and the temperature is low enough). We also show the\nabsence of phase transitions for some nonferromagnetic interactions. The FKG\ninequalities are shown to hold for a larger class of multi-spin interactions.",
        "positive": "Relevance of backtracking paths in epidemic spreading on networks: The understanding of epidemics on networks has greatly benefited from the\nrecent application of message-passing approaches, which allow to derive exact\nresults for irreversible spreading (i.e. diseases with permanent acquired\nimmunity) in locally-tree like topologies. This success has suggested the\napplication of the same approach to reversible epidemics, for which an\nindividual can contract the epidemic and recover repeatedly. The underlying\nassumption is that backtracking paths (i.e. an individual is reinfected by a\nneighbor he/she previously infected) do not play a relevant role. In this paper\nwe show that this is not the case for reversible epidemics, since the neglect\nof backtracking paths leads to a formula for the epidemic threshold that is\nqualitatively incorrect in the large size limit. Moreover we define a modified\nreversible dynamics which explicitly forbids direct backtracking events and\nshow that this modification completely upsets the phenomenology."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One Dimensional Exclusion Process with Dynein Inspired Hops: Simulation\n  and Mean Field Analysis: We introduce a one-dimensional non-equilibrium lattice gas model representing\nthe processive motion of dynein molecular motors over the microtubule. We study\nboth dynamical and stationary state properties for the model consisting of\nhardcore particles hopping on the lattice with variable step sizes. We find\nthat the stationary state gap-distribution exhibits striking peaks around gap\nsizes that are multiples of the maximum step size, for both open and periodic\nboundary conditions. We verified this feature using a mean-field calculation.\nFor open boundary conditions, we observe intriguing damped oscillator-like\ndistribution of particles over the lattice with a periodicity equal to the\nmaximum step size. To characterize transient dynamics, we measure the mean\nsquare displacement that shows weak superdiffusive growth with exponent $\\gamma\n\\approx 1.34$ for periodic boundary and ballistic growth ($\\gamma \\approx 2$)\nfor open boundary conditions at early times. We also study the effect of\nLangmuir dynamics on the density profile.",
        "positive": "Mean Trajectories of Multiple Tracking Points on A Brownian Rigid Body:\n  Convergence, Alignment and Twist: We consider mean trajectories of multiple tracking points on a rigid body\nthat conducts Brownian motion in the absence and presence of an external force\nfield. Based on a na\\\"{\\i}ve representation of rigid body - polygon and\npolyhedron where hydrodynamic interactions are neglected, we study the Langevin\ndynamics of these Brownian polygons and polyhedra. Constant force, harmonic\nforce and an exponentially decaying force are investigated as examples. In two\ndimensional space, depending on the magnitude and form of the external force\nand the isotropy and anisotropy of the body, mean trajectories of these\ntracking points can exhibit three regimes of interactions: convergence, where\nthe mean trajectories converge to either a point or a single trajectory;\nalignment, where the mean trajectories juxtapose in parallel; twist, where the\nmean trajectories twist and intertwine, forming a plait structure. Moreover, we\nhave shown that in general a rigid body can sample from these regimes and\ntransit between them. And its Brownian behavior could be modified during such\ntransition. Notably, from a polygon in two dimensional space to a polyhedron in\nthree dimensional space, the alignment and twist regimes disappear and there is\nonly the convergence regime survived, due to the two more rotational degrees of\nfreedom in three dimensional space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Critical Phenomena of 4He in Nanoporous Media: The superfluid transition in liquid 4He filled in Gelsil glass observed in\nrecent experiments is discussed in the framework of quantum critical phenomena.\nWe show that quantum fluctuations of phase are indeed important at the\nexperimentally studied temperature range owing to the small pore size of\nGelsil, in contrast to 4He filled in previously studied porous media such as\nVycor glass. As a consequence of an effective particle-hole symmetry, the\nquantum critical phenomena of the system are described by the 4D XY\nuniversality class, except at very low temperatures. The simple scaling agrees\nwith the experimental data remarkably well.",
        "positive": "Waiting Cycle Times and Generalized Haldane Equality in the Steady-state\n  Cycle Kinetics of Single Enzymes: Enzyme kinetics are cyclic. A more realistic reversible three-step mechanism\nof the Michaelis-Menten kinetics is investigated in detail, and three kinds of\nwaiting cycle times $T$, $T_{+}$, $T_{-}$ are defined. It is shown that the\nmean waiting cycle times $<T>$, $<T_{+}>$, and $<T_{-}>$ are the reciprocal of\nthe steady-state cycle flux $J^{ss}$, the forward steady-state cycle flux\n$J^{ss}_{+}$ and the backward steady-state cycle flux $J^{ss}_{-}$\nrespectively. We also show that the distribution of $T_{+}$ conditioned on\n$T_{+}<T_{-}$ is identical to the distribution of $T_{-}$ conditioned on\n$T_{-}<T_{+}$, which is referred as generalized Haldane equality. Consequently,\nthe mean waiting cycle time of $T_{+}$ conditioned on $T_{+}<T_{-}$ ($<T_{+}|\nT_{+}<T_{-}>$) and the one of $T_{-}$ conditioned on $T_{-}<T_{+}$ ($<T_{-}|\nT_{-}<T_{+} >$) are both just the same as $<T>$. In addition, the forward and\nbackward stepping probabilities $p^{+},p^{-}$ are also defined and discussed,\nespecially their relationship with the cycle fluxes and waiting cycle times.\nFurthermore, we extend the same results to the $n$-step cycle, and finally,\nexperimental and theoretically based evidences are also included."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium scaling explorations on a 2D Z(5)-symmetric model: We have investigated the dynamic critical behavior of the two-dimensional\nZ(5)-symmetric spin model by using short-time Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. We\nhave obtained estimates of some critical points in its rich phase diagram and\nincluded, among the usual critical lines the study of first-order (weak)\ntransition by looking into the order-disorder phase transition. Besides, we\nalso investigated the soft-disorder phase transition by considering empiric\nmethods. A study of the behavior of $\\beta /\\nu z$ along the self-dual critical\nline has been performed and special attention has been devoted to the critical\nbifurcation point, or FZ (Fateev-Zamolodchikov) point. Firstly, by using a\nrefinement method and taking into account simulations out-of-equilibrium, we\nwere able to localize parameters of this point. In a second part of our study,\nwe turned our attention to the behavior of the model at the early stage of its\ntime evolution in order to find the dynamic critical exponent z as well as the\nstatic critical exponents $\\beta $ and $% \\nu $ of the FZ-point on square\nlattices. The values of the static critical exponents and parameters are in\ngood agreement with the exact results, and the dynamic critical exponent\n$z\\approx 2.28$ very close of the 4-state Potts model ($z\\approx 2.29$).",
        "positive": "A random rule model of surface growth: Stochastic models of surface growth are usually based on randomly choosing a\nsubstrate site to perform iterative steps, as in the etching model [1]. In this\npaper I modify the etching model to perform sequential, instead of random,\nsubstrate scan. The randomicity is introduced not in the site selection but in\nthe choice of the rule to be followed in each site. The change positively\naffects the study of dynamic and asymptotic properties, by reducing the finite\nsize ef- fect and the short-time anomaly and by increasing the saturation time.\nIt also has computational benefits: better use of the cache memory and the\npossibility of parallel implementation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The dynamic exponent of the Ising model on negatively curved surfaces: We investigate the dynamic critical exponent of the two-dimensional Ising\nmodel defined on a curved surface with constant negative curvature. By using\nthe short-time relaxation method, we find a quantitative alteration of the\ndynamic exponent from the known value for the planar Ising model. This\nphenomenon is attributed to the fact that the Ising lattices embedded on\nnegatively curved surfaces act as ones in infinite dimensions, thus yielding\nthe dynamic exponent deduced from mean field theory. We further demonstrate\nthat the static critical exponent for the correlation length exhibits the mean\nfield exponent, which agrees with the existing results obtained from canonical\nMonte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Critical point calculation for binary mixtures of symmetric non-additive\n  hard disks: We have calculated the values of critical packing fractions for the mixtures\nof symmetric non-additive hard disks. An interesting feature of the model is\nthe fact that the internal energy is zero and the phase transitions are\nentropically driven. A cluster algorithm for Monte Carlo simulations in a\nsemigrand ensemble was used. The finite size scaling analysis was employed to\ncompute the critical packing fractions for infinite systems with high accuracy\nfor a range of non-additivity parameters wider than in the previous studies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rectangular Matrix Models and Combinatorics of Colored Graphs: We present applications of rectangular matrix models to various combinatorial\nproblems, among which the enumeration of face-bicolored graphs with prescribed\nvertex degrees, and vertex-tricolored triangulations. We also mention possible\napplications to Interaction-Round-a-Face and hard-particle statistical models\ndefined on random lattices.",
        "positive": "Logarithmic corrections in (4+1)-dimensional directed percolation: We simulate directed site percolation on two lattices with 4 spatial and 1\ntime-like dimensions (simple and body-centered hypercubic in space) with the\nstandard single cluster spreading scheme. For efficiency, the code uses the\nsame ingredients (hashing, histogram re-weighing, and improved estimators) as\ndescribed in Phys. Rev. {\\bf E 67}, 036101 (2003). Apart from providing the\nmost precise estimates for $p_c$ on these lattices, we provide a detailed\ncomparison with the logarithmic corrections calculated by Janssen and Stenull\n[Phys. Rev. {\\bf E 69}, 016125 (2004)]. Fits with the leading logarithmic terms\nalone would give estimates of the powers of these logarithms which are too big\nby typically 50%. When the next-to-leading terms are included, each of the\nmeasured quantities (the average number of sites wetted at time $t$, their\naverage distance from the seed, and the probability of cluster survival) can be\nfitted nearly perfectly. But these fits would not be mutually consistent. With\na consistent set of fit parameters, one obtains still much improvement over the\nleading log - approximation. In particular we show that there is one\ncombination of these three observables which seems completely free of\nlogarithmic terms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal conductance of suspended nanoribbons: interplay between strain\n  and interatomic potential nonlinearity: We investigate the role that nonlinearity in the interatomic potential has on\nthe thermal conductance of a suspended nanoribbon when it is subjected to a\nlongitudinal strain. To focus on the first cubic and quartic nonlinear terms of\na general potential, we propose an atomic system based on an $\\alpha$-$\\beta$\nFermi-Pasta-Ulam nearest neighbor interaction.\n  We perform classical molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the\ncontribution of longitudinal, transversal and flexural modes to the thermal\nconductance as a function of the $\\alpha$-$\\beta$ parameters and the applied\nstrain. We compare the cases where atoms are allowed to vibrate only {\\it in}\nplane (2D) with the case of vibrations {\\it in} and {\\it out} of plane (3D). We\nfind that the dependence of conductance on $\\alpha$ and $\\beta$ relies on a\ncrossover phenomenon between linear/nonlinear delocalized/localized flexural\nand transversal modes, driven by an on/off switch of the strain.",
        "positive": "Paradigm shift in diffusion-mediated surface phenomena: Diffusion-mediated surface phenomena are crucial for human life and industry,\nwith examples ranging from oxygen capture by lung alveolar surface to\nheterogeneous catalysis, gene regulation, membrane permeation and filtration\nprocesses. Their current description via diffusion equations with mixed\nboundary conditions is limited to simple surface reactions with infinite or\nconstant reactivity. In this letter, we propose a probabilistic approach based\non the concept of boundary local time to investigate the intricate dynamics of\ndiffusing particles near a reactive surface. Reformulating surface-particle\ninteractions in terms of stopping conditions, we obtain in a unified way major\ndiffusion-reaction characteristics such as the propagator, the survival\nprobability, the first-passage time distribution, and the reaction rate. This\ngeneral formalism allows us to describe new surface reaction mechanisms such as\nfor instance surface reactivity depending on the number of encounters with the\ndiffusing particle that can model the effects of catalyst fooling or membrane\ndegradation. The disentanglement of the geometric structure of the medium from\nsurface reactivity opens far-reaching perspectives for modeling, optimization\nand control of diffusion-mediated surface phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of the Spin Reorientation Transition of Ultra-Thin Ferromagnetic\n  Films: The reorientation transition of the magnetization of ferromagnetic films is\nstudied on a microscopic basis within Heisenberg spin models. Analytic\nexpressions for the temperature dependent anisotropy are derived from which it\nis seen that the reduced magnetization in the film surface at finite\ntemperatures plays a crucial role for this transition. Detailed phase diagrams\nin the temperature-thickness plane are calculated.",
        "positive": "Statistical field theory for liquid vapor interface: A statistical field theory for an inhomogeneous liquid, a planar liquid/vapor\ninterface, is devised from first principles. The grand canonical partition\nfunction is represented via a Hubbard-Stratonovitch tranformation leading,\nclose to the critical point, to the usual $\\phi^4$ scalar field theory which is\nthen rigorously considered at the one-loop level. When further simplified it\nyields the well-known capillary wave theory without any ad hoc phenomenological\nparameter. Internal coherence of the one-loop approximation is discussed and\ngood overall qualitative agreement with recent numerical simulations is\nstressed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the exact solution of the mixed-spin Ising chain with axial and\n  rhombic zero-field splitting parameters: Ground-state phase diagram of the mixed spin-$1/2$ and spin-$1$ Ising chain\nwith axial and rhombic zero-field splitting parameters is exactly calculated\nwithin the framework of the transfer-matrix method. It is shown that the\nrhombic zero-field splitting parameter prefers the magnetically ordered phase\ninstead of the disordered phase.",
        "positive": "Scaling analysis of a divergent prefactor in the metastable lifetime of\n  a square-lattice Ising ferromagnet at low temperatures: We examine a square-lattice nearest-neighbor Ising quantum ferromagnet\ncoupled to $d$-dimensional phonon baths. Using the density-matrix equation, we\ncalculate the transition rates between configurations, which determines the\nspecific dynamic. Applying the calculated stochastic dynamic in Monte Carlo\nsimulations, we measure the lifetimes of the metastable state. As the magnetic\nfield approaches $|H|/J=2$ at low temperatures, the lifetime prefactor diverges\nbecause the transition rates between certain configurations approaches zero\nunder these conditions. Near $|H|/J=2$ and zero temperature, the divergent\nprefactor shows scaling behavior as a function of the field, temperature, and\nthe dimension of the phonon baths. With proper scaling, the simulation data at\ndifferent temperatures and for different dimensions of the baths collapse well\nonto two master curves, one for $|H|/J>2$ and one for $|H|/J<2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasi-stationary simulations of the directed percolation universality\n  class in d = 3 dimensions: We present quasi-stationary simulations of three-dimensional models with a\nsingle absorbing configuration, namely the contact process (CP), the\nsusceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model and the contact replication\nprocess (CRP). The moment ratios of the order parameters for the DP class in\nthree dimensions were set up using the well established SIS and CP models. We\nalso show that the mean-field exponent for d = 3 reported previously for the\nCRP (Ferreira 2005 Phys. Rev. E 71 017104) is a transient observed in the\nspreading analysis.",
        "positive": "Drifting Spatial Structures in a System with Oppositely Driven Species: A system consisting of two conservative, oppositely driven species of\nparticles with excluded volume interaction alone is studied on a torus. The\nsystem undergoes a phase transition between a homogeneous and an inhomogeneous\nphase, as the particle densities are varied. Focusing on the inhomogeneous\nphase with generally unequal numbers of the two species, the spatial structure\nis found to drift counter-intuitively against the majority species at a\nconstant velocity that depends on the external field, system size, and particle\ndensities. Such dependences are derived from a coarse-grained continuum theory,\nand a microscopic mechanism for the drift is explained. With virtually no\ntuning parameter, various theoretical predictions, notably a field-system-size\nscaling, agree extremely well with the simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of quantum transmission in one dimension with broad disorder: We study the statistics of quantum transmission through a one-dimensional\ndisordered system modelled by a sequence of independent scattering units. Each\nunit is characterized by its length and by its action, which is proportional to\nthe logarithm of the transmission probability through this unit. Unit actions\nand lengths are independent random variables, with a common distribution that\nis either narrow or broad. This investigation is motivated by results on\ndisordered systems with non-stationary random potentials whose fluctuations\ngrow with distance.\n  In the statistical ensemble at fixed total sample length four phases can be\ndistinguished, according to the values of the indices characterizing the\ndistribution of the unit actions and lengths. The sample action, which is\nproportional to the logarithm of the conductance across the sample, is found to\nobey a fluctuating scaling law, and therefore to be non-self-averaging, in\nthree of the four phases. According to the values of the two above mentioned\nindices, the sample action may typically grow less rapidly than linearly with\nthe sample length (underlocalization), more rapidly than linearly\n(superlocalization), or linearly but with non-trivial sample-to-sample\nfluctuations (fluctuating localization).",
        "positive": "Gas-liquid phase coexistence and crossover behavior of binary ionic\n  fluids with screened Coulomb interactions: The effect of an interaction range: We study the gas-liquid phase diagram and the crossover behavior of a simple\nmodel of ionic fluid: an equimolar binary mixture of equisized hard spheres\ninteracting through screened Coulomb potentials which are repulsive between\nparticles of the same species and attractive between particles of different\nspecies. Using our previous results, we obtain explicit expressions for the\nrelevant coefficients of the effective $\\varphi^{4}$ Ginzburg-Landau\nHamiltonian in a one-loop approximation. Within the framework of this\napproximation, we calculate the critical parameters and gas-liquid coexistence\ncurves for different values of the dimensionless inverse screening length $z$.\nThe critical temperature scaled by the Yukawa potential contact value as well\nas the critical packing fraction rapidly decrease with an increase of the\ninteraction range and then for $z<0.05$ slowly approach the values found for a\npurely ionic model, i.e., a restricted primitive model (RPM). The both trends\nare qualitatively consistent with the results of Monte Carlo simulations. We\nfind that gas-liquid coexistence region reduces with an increase of $z$ and\ncompletely vanishes at $z\\simeq 2.781$. This qualitatively agrees with the\nresults of Monte Carlo simulations indicating a stable gas-liquid coexistence\nfor $z\\leq 4$. It is also shown that an increase in the interaction range from\nthe one typical of simple fluids to the one typical of ionic fluids leads to a\ndecrease of the crossover temperature. For $z\\simeq 0.01$, the crossover\ntemperature is the same as for the RPM. For $z\\simeq 2.781$, our results\nindicate a tricritical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Fluids in Thermodynamic Geometry: In this work, the Thermodynamic Geometry (TG) of quantum fluids (QF) is\nanalyzed. We present results for two models. The first one is a quantum\nhard-sphere fluid (QHS) whose Helmholtz free energy is obtained from Path\nIntegrals Monte Carlo simulations (PIMC). It is found that due to quantum\ncontributions in the thermodynamic potential, the anomaly found in TG for the\nclassical hard-sphere fluid related to the sign of the scalar curvature, is now\navoided in a considerable region of the thermodynamic space. The second model\nis a semi-classical square-well fluid (QSW), described by a quantum hard-sphere\nrepulsive interaction coupled with a classical attractive square-well\ncontribution. Behavior of the semi-classical curvature scalar as a function of\nthe thermal de Broglie wavelength $\\lambda_B$ is analyzed for several\nattractive-potential ranges, and description of the semi-classical R-Widom\nlines defined by the maxima of the curvature scalar, are also obtained and\ncompared with classical results for different square-well ranges.",
        "positive": "Quantum quenches in an interacting field theory: full quantum evolution\n  vs. semi-classical approximations: We develop a truncated Hamiltonian method to investigate the dynamics of the\n$(1+1)d~\\phi^4$ theory following quantum quenches. The results are compared to\ntwo different semi-classical approaches, the self-consistent Gaussian\napproximation and the truncated Wigner approximation, and used to determine the\nrange of validity of these widely used approaches. We show that the\nself-consistent approximation is strongly limited in comparison to the\ntruncated Hamiltonian method which for larger cutoffs is practically exact for\nthe parameter range studied. We find that the self-consistent approximation is\nonly valid when the effective mass is in the vicinity of the renormalised mass.\nSimilarly to the self-consistent approximation, the truncated Wigner\napproximation is not able to capture the correct mass renormalisation, and\nbreaks down for strong enough interactions where the bare mass becomes\nnegative. We attribute the failure of TWA to the presence of a classical\nsymmetry broken fixed point. Besides establishing the truncated Hamiltonian\napproach as a powerful tool for studying the dynamics of the $\\phi^4$ model,\nour results on the limitation of semi-classical approximations are expected to\nbe relevant for modelling the dynamics of other quantum field theories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Linking Microscopic Reversibility to Macroscopic Irreversibility,\n  Emphasizing the Role of Deterministic Thermostats and Simple Examples, At and\n  Away From Equilibrium: Molecular Dynamics and Statistical Mechanics make possible a particle-based\nunderstanding of Thermodynamics and Hydrodynamics, including the fascinating\nLoschmidt contradiction between time-reversible atomistic mechanics and the\ntime-irreversible thermodynamic dissipation incorporated into macroscopic fluid\nand solid mechanics.",
        "positive": "Entropy of isolated quantum systems after a quench: A diagonal entropy, which depends only on the diagonal elements of the\nsystem's density matrix in the energy representation, has been recently\nintroduced as the proper definition of thermodynamic entropy in\nout-of-equilibrium quantum systems. We study this quantity after an interaction\nquench in lattice hard-core bosons and spinless fermions, and after a local\nchemical potential quench in a system of hard-core bosons in a superlattice\npotential. The former systems have a chaotic regime, where the diagonal entropy\nbecomes equivalent to the equilibrium microcanonical entropy, coinciding with\nthe onset of thermalization. The latter system is integrable. We show that its\ndiagonal entropy is additive and different from the entropy of a generalized\nGibbs ensemble, which has been introduced to account for the effects of\nconserved quantities at integrability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Revealing the Micro-Structure of the Giant Component in Random Graph\n  Ensembles: The micro-structure of the giant component of the Erd{\\H o}s-R\\'enyi network\nand other configuration model networks is analyzed using generating function\nmethods. While configuration model networks are uncorrelated, the giant\ncomponent exhibits a degree distribution which is different from the overall\ndegree distribution of the network and includes degree-degree correlations of\nall orders. We present exact analytical results for the degree distributions as\nwell as higher order degree-degree correlations on the giant components of\nconfiguration model networks. We show that the degree-degree correlations are\nessential for the integrity of the giant component, in the sense that the\ndegree distribution alone cannot guarantee that it will consist of a single\nconnected component. To demonstrate the importance and broad applicability of\nthese results, we apply them to the study of the distribution of shortest path\nlengths on the giant component, percolation on the giant component and the\nspectra of sparse matrices defined on the giant component. We show that by\nusing the degree distribution on the giant component, one obtains high quality\nresults for these properties, which can be further improved by taking the\ndegree-degree correlations into account. This suggests that many existing\nmethods, currently used for the analysis of the whole network, can be adapted\nin a straightforward fashion to yield results conditioned on the giant\ncomponent.",
        "positive": "Ensemble Equivalence for Counterion Condensation on a Two Dimensional\n  Charged Disc: We study the counterion condensation on a two dimensional charged disc in the\nlimit of infinite dilution, and compare the energy-temperature relation\nobtained from the canonical free energy and microcanonical entropy. The\nmicrocanonical entropy is piecewise linear in energy, and is shown to be\nconcave for all energies. As a result, even though the interactions are\nlong-ranged, the energy-temperature relation and hence the counterion\ncondensation transition points are identical in both the ensembles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tensor renormalization group approach to 2D classical lattice models: We describe a simple real space renormalization group technique for two\ndimensional classical lattice models. The approach is similar in spirit to\nblock spin methods, but at the same time it is fundamentally based on the\ntheory of quantum entanglement. In this sense, the technique can be thought of\nas a classical analogue of DMRG. We demonstrate the method - which we call the\ntensor renormalization group method - by computing the magnetization of the\ntriangular lattice Ising model.",
        "positive": "Quantum quenches in driven-dissipative quadratic fermionic systems with\n  parity-time symmetry: We study the quench dynamics of noninteracting fermionic quantum many-body\nsystems that are subjected to Markovian drive and dissipation and are described\nby a quadratic Liouvillian which has parity-time (PT) symmetry. In recent work,\nwe have shown that such systems relax locally to a maximum entropy ensemble\nthat we have dubbed the PT-symmetric generalized Gibbs ensemble (PTGGE), in\nanalogy to the generalized Gibbs ensemble that describes the steady state of\nisolated integrable quantum many-body systems after a quench. Here, using\ndriven-dissipative versions of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model and the\nKitaev chain as paradigmatic model systems, we corroborate and substantially\nexpand upon our previous results. In particular, we confirm the validity of a\ndissipative quasiparticle picture at finite dissipation by demonstrating light\ncone spreading of correlations and the linear growth and saturation to the\nPTGGE prediction of the quasiparticle-pair contribution to the subsystem\nentropy in the PT-symmetric phase. Further, we introduce the concept of\ndirectional pumping phases, which is related to the non-Hermitian topology of\nthe Liouvillian and based upon qualitatively different dynamics of the dual\nstring order parameter and the subsystem fermion parity in the SSH model and\nthe Kitaev chain, respectively: Depending on the postquench parameters, there\ncan be pumping of string order and fermion parity through both ends of a\nsubsystem corresponding to a finite segment of the one-dimensional lattice,\nthrough only one end, or there can be no pumping at all. We show that\ntransitions between dynamical pumping phases give rise to a new and independent\ntype of dynamical critical behavior of the rates of directional pumping, which\nare determined by the soft modes of the PTGGE."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "General method for finding ground state manifold of classical Heisenberg\n  model: We investigate classical Heisenberg models with the translation symmetries of\ninfinite crystals. We prove a spiral theorem, which states that under certain\nconditions there must exist spiral ground states, and propose a natural\nclassification of all manageable models based on some \"spectral properties,\"\nwhich are directly related to their ground state manifolds. We demonstrate how\nthe ground state manifold can be calculated analytically for all spectra with\nfinite number of minima and some with extensive minima, and algorithmically for\nthe others. We also extend the method to particular anisotropic interactions.",
        "positive": "Aging processes in systems with anomalous slow dynamics: Recently, different numerical studies of coarsening in disordered systems\nhave shown the existence of a crossover from an initial, transient, power-law\ndomain growth to a slower, presumably logarithmic, growth. However, due to the\nvery slow dynamics and the long lasting transient regime, one is usually not\nable to fully enter the asymptotic regime when investigating the relaxation of\nthese systems toward equilibrium. We here study two simple driven systems, the\none-dimensional $ABC$ model and a related domain model with simplified\ndynamics, that are known to exhibit anomalous slow relaxation where the\nasymptotic logarithmic growth regime is readily accessible. Studying two-times\ncorrelation and response functions, we focus on aging processes and dynamical\nscaling during logarithmic growth. Using the time-dependent growth length as\nthe scaling variable, a simple aging picture emerges that is expected to also\nprevail in the asymptotic regime of disordered ferromagnets and spin glasses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Macroscopic ground-state degeneracy and magnetocaloric effect in the\n  exactly solvable spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg double-tetrahedral chain: The ground-state degeneracy and magnetocaloric effect in the spin-$1/2$\nIsing-Heisenberg double-tetrahedral chain are exactly investigated. It is\ndemonstrated that the zero-temperature phase diagram involves two classical and\ntwo quantum chiral phases with distinct degrees of the macroscopic degeneracy.\nDifferent macroscopic degeneracies observed in the latter phases and at\nindividual ground-state phase transitions are confirmed by multiple-peak\ndependencies of the specific heat and entropy on the magnetic field. The\ncooling capability of the model is well illustrated by the magnetic-field\nvariations of the isothermal entropy change, temperature isotherms and the\nmagnetic Gr\\\"uneisen parameter.",
        "positive": "On a Type of Self-Avoiding Random Walk with Multiple Site Weightings and\n  Restrictions: We introduce a new class of models for polymer collapse, given by random\nwalks on regular lattices which are weighted according to multiple site visits.\nA Boltzmann weight $\\omega_l$ is assigned to each $(l+1)$-fold visited lattice\nsite, and self-avoidance is incorporated by restricting to a maximal number $K$\nof visits to any site via setting $\\omega_l=0$ for $l\\geq K$. In this paper we\nstudy this model on the square and simple cubic lattices for the case K=3.\nMoreover, we consider a variant of this model, in which we forbid immediate\nself-reversal of the random walk. We perform simulations for random walks up to\n$n=1024$ steps using FlatPERM, a flat histogram stochastic growth algorithm.\nUnexpectedly, we find evidence that the existence of a collapse transition\ndepends sensitively on the details of the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random walk through a fertile site: We study the dynamics of random walks hopping on homogeneous hyper-cubic\nlattices and multiplying at a fertile site. In one and two dimensions, the\ntotal number $\\mathcal{N}(t)$ of walkers grows exponentially at a Malthusian\nrate depending on the dimensionality and the multiplication rate $\\mu$ at the\nfertile site. When $d>d_c=2$, the number of walkers may remain finite forever\nfor any $\\mu$; it surely remains finite when $\\mu\\leq \\mu_d$. We determine\n$\\mu_d$ and show that $\\langle\\mathcal{N}(t)\\rangle$ grows exponentially if\n$\\mu>\\mu_d$. The distribution of the total number of walkers remains broad when\n$d\\leq 2$, and also when $d>2$ and $\\mu>\\mu_d$. We compute $\\langle\n\\mathcal{N}^m\\rangle$ explicitly for small $m$, and show how to determine\nhigher moments. In the critical regime, $\\langle \\mathcal{N}\\rangle$ grows as\n$\\sqrt{t}$ for $d=3$, $t/\\ln t$ for $d=4$, and $t$ for $d>4$. Higher moments\ngrow anomalously, $\\langle \\mathcal{N}^m\\rangle\\sim \\langle\n\\mathcal{N}\\rangle^{2m-1}$, in the critical regime; the growth is normal,\n$\\langle \\mathcal{N}^m\\rangle\\sim \\langle \\mathcal{N}\\rangle^{m}$, in the\nexponential phase. The distribution of the number of walkers in the critical\nregime is asymptotically stationary and universal, viz. it is independent of\nthe spatial dimension. Interactions between walkers may drastically change the\nbehavior. For random walks with exclusion, if $d>2$, there is again a critical\nmultiplication rate, above which $\\langle\\mathcal{N}(t)\\rangle$ grows linearly\n(not exponentially) in time; when $d\\leq d_c=2$, the leading behavior is\nindependent on $\\mu$ and $\\langle\\mathcal{N}(t)\\rangle$ exhibits a sub-linear\ngrowth.",
        "positive": "A class of exactly solved assisted hopping models of active-absorbing\n  state transitions on a line: We construct a class of assisted hopping models in one dimension in which a\nparticle can move only if it does not lie in an otherwise empty interval of\nlength greater than $n+1$. We determine the exact steady state by a mapping to\na gas of defects with only on-site interaction. We show that this system\nundergoes a phase transition as a function of the density $\\rho$ of particles,\nfrom a low-density phase with all particles immobile for $\\rho \\le \\rho_c =\n\\frac{1}{n+1}$, to an active state for $\\rho > \\rho_c$. The mean fraction of\nmovable particles in the active steady state varies as $(\\rho -\n\\rho_c)^{\\beta}$, for $\\rho$ near $\\rho_c$. We show that for the model with\nrange $n$, the exponent $\\beta =n$, and thus can be made arbitrarily large."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generative Neural Samplers for the Quantum Heisenberg Chain: Generative neural samplers offer a complementary approach to Monte Carlo\nmethods for problems in statistical physics and quantum field theory. This work\ntests the ability of generative neural samplers to estimate observables for\nreal-world low-dimensional spin systems. It maps out how autoregressive models\ncan sample configurations of a quantum Heisenberg chain via a classical\napproximation based on the Suzuki-Trotter transformation. We present results\nfor energy, specific heat and susceptibility for the isotropic XXX and the\nanisotropic XY chain that are in good agreement with Monte Carlo results within\nthe same approximation scheme.",
        "positive": "Beyond the Thomas-Fermi Approximation for Nonlinear Dynamics of Trapped\n  Bose-Condensed Gases: We present an analytical approximation for nonlinear dynamics of trapped\nBose-co ndensed gases. The new approximation is a substantial improvement over\nthe Thomas-Fermi approximation and is shown to be applicable for systems with a\nrather small number of atoms $N$. The calculated aspect ratios after ballistic\nexpansion are found to be in good agreement with those observed in recent\nexperiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantitative tests of mode-coupling theory for fragile and strong\n  glass-formers: We calculate for a binary mixture of Lennard-Jones particles the time\ndependence of the solution of the mode-coupling equations in which the full\nwave vector dependence is taken into account. In addition we also take into\naccount the short time dynamics, which we model with a simple memory kernel. We\nfind that the so obtained solution agrees very well with the time and wave\nvector dependence of the coherent and incoherent intermediate scattering\nfunctions as determined from molecular dynamics computer simulations.\nFurthermore we calculate the wave vector dependence of the Debye-Waller factor\nfor a realistic model of silica and compare these results with the ones\nobtained from a simulation of this model. We find that if the contribution of\nthe three point correlation function to the vertices of the memory kernel are\ntaken into account, the agreement between theory and simulation is very good.\nHence we conclude that mode coupling theory is able to give a correct\nquantitative description of the caging phenomena in fragile as well as strong\nglass-forming liquids.",
        "positive": "Infinite coherence time of edge spins in finite-length chains: Motivated by the recent observation that exponentially long coherence times\ncan be achieved for edge spins in models with strong zero modes, we study the\nimpact of level crossings in finite-length spin chains on the dynamics of the\nedge spins. Focussing on the XY spin-1=2 chain with transverse or longitudinal\nmagnetic field, two models relevant to understand recent experimental results\non cobalt adatoms, we show that the edge spins can remain coherent for an\ninfinite time even for a finite-length chain if the magnetic field is tuned to\na value at which there is a level crossing. Furthermore, we show that the edge\nspins remain coherent for any initial state for the integrable case of\ntransverse field because all states have level crossings at the same value of\nthe field, while the coherence time is increasingly large for lower\ntemperatures in the case of longitudinal field, which is non-integrable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Markovian embedding of fractional superdiffusion: The Fractional Langevin Equation (FLE) describes a non-Markovian Generalized\nBrownian Motion with long time persistence (superdiffusion), or\nanti-persistence (subdiffusion) of both velocity-velocity correlations, and\nposition increments. It presents a case of the Generalized Langevin Equation\n(GLE) with a singular power law memory kernel. We propose and numerically\nrealize a numerically efficient and reliable Markovian embedding of this\nsuperdiffusive GLE, which accurately approximates the FLE over many, about r=N\nlg b-2, time decades, where N denotes the number of exponentials used to\napproximate the power law kernel, and b>1 is a scaling parameter for the\nhierarchy of relaxation constants leading to this power law. Besides its\nrelation to the FLE, our approach presents an independent and very flexible\nroute to model anomalous diffusion. Studying such a superdiffusion in tilted\nwashboard potentials, we demonstrate the phenomenon of transient hyperdiffusion\nwhich emerges due to transient kinetic heating effects.",
        "positive": "Absence of Quantum Time Crystals: In analogy with crystalline solids around us, Wilczek recently proposed the\nidea of \"time crystals\" as phases that spontaneously break the continuous time\ntranslation into a discrete subgroup. The proposal stimulated further studies\nand vigorous debates whether it can be realized in a physical system. However,\na precise definition of the time crystal is needed to resolve the issue. Here\nwe first present a definition of time crystals based on the time-dependent\ncorrelation functions of the order parameter. We then prove a no-go theorem\nthat rules out the possibility of time crystals defined as such, in the ground\nstate or in the canonical ensemble of a general Hamiltonian, which consists of\nnot-too-long-range interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hard squares with negative activity: We show that the hard-square lattice gas with activity z= -1 has a number of\nremarkable properties. We conjecture that all the eigenvalues of the transfer\nmatrix are roots of unity. They fall into groups (``strings'') evenly spaced\naround the unit circle, which have interesting number-theoretic properties. For\nexample, the partition function on an M by N lattice with periodic boundary\ncondition is identically 1 when M and N are coprime. We provide evidence for\nthese conjectures from analytical and numerical arguments.",
        "positive": "On leaders and condensates in a growing network: The Bianconi-Barabasi model of a growing network is revisited. This model,\ndefined by a preferential attachment rule involving both the degrees of the\nnodes and their intrinsic fitnesses, has the fundamental property to undergo a\nphase transition to a condensed phase below some finite critical temperature,\nfor an appropriate choice of the distribution of fitnesses. At high temperature\nit exhibits a crossover to the Barabasi-Albert model, and at low temperature,\nwhere the fitness landscape becomes very rugged, a crossover to the recently\nintroduced record-driven growth process. We first present an analysis of the\nhistory of leaders, the leader being defined as the node with largest degree at\na given time. In the generic finite-temperature regime, new leaders appear\nendlessly, albeit on a doubly logarithmic time scale, i.e., extremely slowly.\nWe then give a novel picture for the dynamics in the condensed phase. The\nlatter is characterized by an infinite hierarchy of condensates, whose sizes\nare non-self-averaging and keep fluctuating forever."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-organized evolution in socio-economic environments: We propose a general scenario to analyze social and economic changes in\nmodern environments. We illustrate the ideas with a model that incorporating\nthe main trends is simple enough to extract analytical results and, at the same\ntime, sufficiently complex to display a rich dynamic behavior. Our study shows\nthat there exists a macroscopic observable that is maximized in a regime where\nthe system is critical, in the sense that the distribution of events follow\npower-laws. Computer simulations show that, in addition, the system always\nself-organizes to achieve the optimal performance in the stationary state.",
        "positive": "Multivalued fundamental diagrams of traffic flow in the kinetic\n  Fokker-Planck limit: Starting from interaction rules based on two levels of stochasticity we study\nthe influence of the microscopic dynamics on the macroscopic properties of\nvehicular flow. In particular, we study the qualitative structure of the\nresulting flux-density and speed-density diagrams for different choices of the\ndesired speeds. We are able to recover multivalued diagrams as a result of the\nexistence of a one-parameter family of stationary distributions, whose\nexpression is analytically found by means of a Fokker-Planck approximation of\nthe initial Boltzmann-type model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Activity induced delocalization and freezing in self-propelled systems: We study a system of interacting active particles, propelled by colored\nnoises, characterized by an activity time {\\tau}, and confined by a single-well\nanharmonic potential. We assume pair-wise repulsive forces among particles,\nmodelling the steric interactions among microswimmers. This system has been\nexperimentally studied in the case of a dilute suspension of Janus particles\nconfined through acoustic traps. We observe that already in the dilute regime -\nwhen inter-particle interactions are negligible - increasing the persistent\ntime pushes the particles away from the potential minimum, until a saturation\ndistance is reached. We compute the phase diagram (activity versus interaction\nlength), showing that the interaction does not suppress this delocalization\nphenomenon but induces a liquid- or solid-like structure in the densest\nregions. Interestingly a reentrant behavior is observed: a first increase of\n{\\tau} from small values acts as an effective warming, favouring fluidization;\nat higher values, when the delocalization occurs, a further increase of {\\tau}\ninduces freezing inside the densest regions. An approximate analytical scheme\ngives fair predictions for the density profiles in the weakly interacting case.\nThe analysis of non-equilibrium heat fluxes reveals that in the region of\nlargest particle concentration equilibrium is restored in several aspects.",
        "positive": "Beyond the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Model: The state of art in spin glass field theory is reviewed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partial thermalization in the quantum chain of harmonic oscillators: This preprint contains the English translation of the paper \"Relaxation\ndynamics of a quantum chain of harmonic oscillators\", which was published by\nthe author in 1980 in the Ukrainian Physical Journal. Comments describing its\nmotivations, background ideas and results are presented as well. This paper\naddressed to the problem of approach to the thermal equilibrium in an isolated\nmacroscopic quantum system, which was studied on the example of the quantum\nchain of weakly interacting harmonic oscillators. In the initial state,\nmacroscopic energy was supplied to one oscillator (atom) in the chain.\nSubsequent evolution of the quantum state of the whole chain was determined due\nto the model integrability. The main subject of interest was the time evolution\nof the reduced density operators characterizing the quantum state of a\nparticular atom. On the short time-scale, the energy perturbation expands along\nthe chain with the velocity of the fastest phonon mode. On the long-time scale,\nthe single-atom density operators display strong fluctuations around the\ncanonical Gibbs distribution. These fluctuations are caused by the degeneracy\nof the energy level differences (presence of resonances) in the model of\ncoupled harmonic oscillators. After lifting this degeneracy, fluctuations are\nsuppressed providing, that the reduced density operator of each atom in the\nchain becomes very close to the Gibbs distribution at almost any time moment.",
        "positive": "Stability of fixed points and generalized critical behavior in\n  multifield models: We study models with three coupled vector fields characterized by\n$O(N_1)\\oplus O(N_2) \\oplus O(N_3)$ symmetry. Using the nonperturbative\nfunctional renormalization group, we derive $\\beta$ functions for the couplings\nand anomalous dimensions in $d$ dimensions. Specializing to the case of three\ndimensions, we explore interacting fixed points that generalize the $O(N)$\nWilson-Fisher fixed point. We find a symmetry-enhanced isotropic fixed point, a\nlarge class of fixed points with partial symmetry enhancement, as well as\npartially and fully decoupled fixed point solutions. We discuss their stability\nproperties for all values of $N_1, N_2$, and $N_3$, emphasizing important\ndifferences to the related two-field models. For small numbers of field\ncomponents we find no stable fixed point solutions, and we argue that this can\nbe attributed to the presence of a large class of possible (mixed) couplings in\nthe three-field and multifield models. Furthermore, we contrast different\nmechanisms for stability interchange between fixed points in the case of the\ntwo- and three-field models, which generically proceed through fixed-point\ncollisions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The 1D Bose Gas with Weakly Repulsive Delta Interaction: We consider the asymptotic solutions to the Bethe ansatz equations of the\nintegrable model of interacting bosons in the weakly interacting limit. In this\nlimit we establish that the ground state maps to the highest energy state of a\nstrongly-coupled repulsive bosonic pairing model.",
        "positive": "The Backwards Arrow of Time of the Coherently Bayesian Statistical\n  Mechanic: Many physicists think that the maximum entropy formalism is a straightforward\napplication of Bayesian statistical ideas to statistical mechanics. Some even\nsay that statistical mechanics is just the general Bayesian logic of inductive\ninference applied to large mechanical systems. This approach identifies\nthermodynamic entropy with the information-theoretic uncertainty of an (ideal)\nobserver's subjective distribution over a system's microstates. In this brief\nnote, I show that this postulate, plus the standard Bayesian procedure for\nupdating probabilities, implies that the entropy of a classical system is\nmonotonically non-increasing on the average -- the Bayesian statistical\nmechanic's arrow of time points backwards. Avoiding this unphysical conclusion\nrequires rejecting the ordinary equations of motion, or practicing an\nincoherent form of statistical inference, or rejecting the identification of\nuncertainty and thermodynamic entropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Revisiting a Low-Dimensional Model with Short Range Interactions and\n  Mean Field Critical Behavior: In all local low-dimensional models, scaling at critical points deviates from\nmean field behavior -- with one possible exception. This exceptional model with\n``ordinary\" behavior is an inherently non-equilibrium model studied some time\nago by H.-M. Broker and myself. In simulations, its 2-dimensional version\nsuggested that two critical exponents were mean-field, while a third one showed\nvery small deviations. Moreover, the numerics agreed almost perfectly with an\nexplicit mean field model. In the present paper we present simulations with\nmuch higher statistics, both for 2d and 3d. In both cases we find that the\ndeviations of all critical exponents from their mean field values are\nnon-leading corrections, and that the scaling is {\\it precisely} of mean field\ntype. As in the original paper, we propose that the mechanism for this is\n``confusion\", a strong randomization of the phases of feed-backs that can occur\nin non-equilibrium systems.",
        "positive": "One-dimensional discrete aggregation-fragmentation model: We study here one-dimensional model of aggregation and fragmentation of\nclusters of particles obeying the stochastic discrete-time kinetics of the\ngeneralized Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (gTASEP) on open\nchains. Isolated particles and the first particle of a cluster of particles hop\none site forward with probability $p$; when the first particle of a cluster\nhops, the remaining particles of the same cluster may hop with a modified\nprobability $p_m$, modelling a special kinematic interaction between\nneighboring particles, or remain in place with probability $1-p_m$. The model\ncontains as special cases the TASEP with parallel update ($p_m =0$) and with\nsequential backward-ordered update ($p_m =p$). These cases have been exactly\nsolved for the stationary states and their properties thoroughly studied. The\nlimiting case of $p_m =1$, which corresponds to irreversible aggregation, has\nbeen recently studied too. Its phase diagram in the plane of injection\n($\\alpha$) and ejection ($\\beta$) probabilities was found to have a different\ntopology.\n  Here we focus on the stationary properties of the gTASEP in the generic case\nof attraction $p<p_m<1$ when aggregation-fragmentation of clusters occurs. We\nfind that the topology of the phase diagram at $p_m =1$ changes sharply to the\none corresponding to $p_m =p$ as soon as $p_m$ becomes less than $1$. Then a\nmaximum current phase appears in the square domain $\\alpha_c(p,p_m)\\le\\alpha\\le\n1$ and $\\beta_c(p,p_m) \\le \\beta \\le 1$, where $\\alpha_c(p,p_m)=\n\\beta_c(p,p_m)\\equiv \\sigma_c(p,p_m)$ are parameter-dependent\ninjection/ejection critical values. The properties of the phase transitions\nbetween the three stationary phases at $p< p_m <1$ are assessed by computer\nsimulations and random walk theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Space-time vortex driven crossover and vortex turbulence phase\n  transition in one-dimensional driven open condensates: We find a first order transition driven by the strength of non-equilibrium\nconditions of one-dimensional driven open condensates. Associated with this\ntransition is a new stable non-equilibrium phase, space-time vortex turbulence,\nwhose vortex density and quasiparticle distribution show strongly non-thermal\nbehavior. Below the transition, we identify a new time scale associated with\nnoise activated unbound space-time vortices, beyond which the temporal\ncoherence function changes from a Kardar-Parisi-Zhang type subexponential to a\ndisordered exponential decay. Experimental realization of the non-equilibrium\nvortex turbulent phase is facilitated in driven open condensates with a large\ndiffusion rate.",
        "positive": "Low self-affine exponents of fracture surfaces of glass ceramics: The geometry of post mortem rough fracture surfaces of porous glass ceramics\nmade of sintered glass beads is shown experimentally to be self-affine with an\nexponent zeta=0.40 (0.04) remarkably lower than the 'universal' value zeta=0.8\nfrequently measured for many materials. This low value of zeta is similar to\nthat found for sandstone samples of similar micro structure and is also\npractically independent on the porosity phi in the range investigated (3% < phi\n< 26%) as well as on the bead diameter d and of the crack growth velocity. In\ncontrast, the roughness amplitude normalized by d increases linearly with phi\nwhile it is still independent, within experimental error, of d and of the crack\npropagation velocity. An interpretation of this variation is suggested in terms\nof a transition from transgranular to intergranular fracture propagation with\nno influence, however, on the exponent zeta."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo Simulations: Monte Carlo computer simulations are virtually the only way to analyze the\nthermodynamic behavior of a system in a precise way. However, the various\nexisting methods exhibit extreme differences in their efficiency, depending on\nmodel details and relevant questions. The original standard method, Metropolis\nMonte Carlo, which provides only reliable statistical information at a given\n(not too low) temperature has meanwhile been replaced by more sophisticated\nmethods which are typically far more efficient (the differences in time scales\ncan be compared with the age of the universe). However, none of the methods\nyields automatically accurate results, i.e., a system-specific adaptation and\ncontrol is always needed. Thus, as in any good experiment, the most important\npart of the data analysis is statistical error estimation.",
        "positive": "Tricritical point in explosive percolation: The suitable interpolation between classical percolation and a special\nvariant of explosive percolation enables the explicit realization of a\ntricritical percolation point. With high-precision simulations of the order\nparameter and the second moment of the cluster size distribution a fully\nconsistent tricritical scaling scenario emerges yielding the tricritical\ncrossover exponent $1/\\phi_t=1.8\\pm0.1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information Thermodynamics of the Transition-Path Ensemble: The reaction coordinate describing a transition between reactant and product\nis a fundamental concept in the theory of chemical reactions. Within\ntransition-path theory, a quantitative definition of the reaction coordinate is\nfound in the committor, which is the probability that a trajectory initiated\nfrom a given microstate first reaches the product before the reactant. Here we\ndevelop an information-theoretic origin for the committor and show how\nselecting transition paths from the equilibrium ensemble induces entropy\nproduction which exactly equals the information that system dynamics provide\nabout the reactivity of trajectories. This equality of entropy production and\ndynamical information generation also holds at the level of arbitrary\nindividual coordinates, providing parallel measures of the coordinate's\nrelevance to the reaction, each of which is maximized by the committor.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of the 3D Axial-Next-Nearest-Neighbor Ising model: The three-dimensional axial-next-nearest-neighbor Ising (ANNNI) model is\nstudied by a modified tensor product variational approach (TPVA). A global\nphase diagram is constructed with numerous commensurate and incommensurate\nmagnetic structures. The devil's stairs behavior for the model is confirmed.\nThe wavelength of the spin modulated phases increases to infinity at the\nboundary with the ferromagnetic phase. Widths of the commensurate phases are\nconsiderably narrower than those calculated by mean-field approximations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation functions of Ising spins on thin graphs: We investigate analytically and numerically an Ising spin model with\nferromagnetic coupling defined on random graphs corresponding to Feynman\ndiagrams of a $\\phi^q$ field theory, which exhibits a mean field phase\ntransition. We explicitly calculate the correlation functions both in the\nsymmetric and in the broken symmetry phase in the large volume limit. They\nagree with the results for finite size systems obtained from Monte Carlo\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Applications of the random matrix ensembles to the quantum statistical\n  systems: The random matrix ensembles are applied to the quantum statistical systems.\nThe quantum systems are studied using the finite dimensional real, complex and\nquaternion Hilbert spaces of the eigenfunctions. The linear operators\ndescribing the systems act on these Hilbert spaces and they are treated as\nrandom matrices in generic bases of the eigenfunctions. The random\neigenproblems are presented and solved. Examples of random operators are\npresented with connection to physical problems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Naudts-like duality and the extreme Fisher information principle: We show that using the most parsimonious version of Frieden and Soffer's\nextreme information principle (EPI) with a Fisher measure constructed with\nescort probabilities, the concomitant solutions obey a type of Naudts' duality\nfor nonextensive ensembles. We also determine in closed form the general\n(normalized) probability distribution that minimizes Fisher's information.",
        "positive": "Running Measurement Protocol for the Quantum First-detection problem: The problem of the detection statistics of a quantum walker has received\nincreasing interest, connected as it is to the problem of quantum search. We\ninvestigate the effect of employing a moving detector, using a projective\nmeasurement approach with fixed sampling time $\\tau$, with the detector moving\nright before every detection attempt. For a tight-binding quantum walk on the\nline, the moving detector allows one to target a specific range of group\nvelocities of the walker, qualitatively modifying the behavior of the quantum\nfirst-detection probabilities. We map the problem to that of a stationary\ndetector with a modified unitary evolution operator and use established methods\nfor the solution of that problem to study the first-detection statistics for a\nmoving detector on a finite ring and on an infinite 1D lattice. On the line,\nthe system exhibits a dynamical phase transition at a critical value of $\\tau$,\nfrom a state where detection decreases exponentially in time and the total\ndetection is very small, to a state with power-law decay and a significantly\nhigher probability to detect the particle. The exponent describing the\npower-law decay of the detection probability at this critical $\\tau$ is 10/3,\nas opposed to 3 for every larger $\\tau$. In addition, the moving detector\nstrongly modifies the Zeno effect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vitrification in a 2D Ising model with mobile bonds: A bond-disordered two-dimensional Ising model is used to simulate Kauzmann's\nmechanism of vitrification in liquids, by a Glauber Monte Carlo simulation. The\nrearrangement of configurations is achieved by allowing impurity bonds to hop\nto nearest neighbors at the same rate as the spins flip. For slow cooling, the\ntheoretical minimum energy configuration is approached, characterized by an\namorphous distribution of locally optimally arranged impurity bonds. Rapid\ncooling to low temperatures regularly finds bond configurations of higher\nenergy, which are both a priori rare and severely restrictive to spin movement,\nproviding a simple realization of kinetic vitrification. A supercooled liquid\nregime is also found, and characterized by a change in sign of the field\nderivative of the spin-glass susceptibility at a finite temperature.",
        "positive": "Particles and fields in fluid turbulence: The understanding of fluid turbulence has considerably progressed in recent\nyears. The application of the methods of statistical mechanics to the\ndescription of the motion of fluid particles, i.e. to the Lagrangian dynamics,\nhas led to a new quantitative theory of intermittency in turbulent transport.\nThe first analytical description of anomalous scaling laws in turbulence has\nbeen obtained. The underlying physical mechanism reveals the role of\nstatistical integrals of motion in non-equilibrium systems. For turbulent\ntransport, the statistical conservation laws are hidden in the evolution of\ngroups of fluid particles and arise from the competition between the expansion\nof a group and the change of its geometry. By breaking the scale-invariance\nsymmetry, the statistically conserved quantities lead to the observed anomalous\nscaling of transported fields. Lagrangian methods also shed new light on some\npractical issues, such as mixing and turbulent magnetic dynamo."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Disturbance spreading in incommensurate and quasiperiodic systems: The propagation of an initially localized excitation in one dimensional\nincommensurate, quasiperiodic and random systems is investigated numerically.\nIt is discovered that the time evolution of variances $\\sigma^2(t)$ of atom\ndisplacements depends on the initial condition. For the initial condition with\nnonzero momentum, $\\sigma^2(t)$ goes as $t^\\alpha$ with $\\alpha=1$ and 0 for\nincommensurate Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) model at $V$ below and above $V_c$\nrespectively; and $\\alpha=1$ for uniform, quasiperiodic and random chains. It\nis also found that $\\alpha=1-\\beta$ with $\\beta$ the exponent of distribution\nfunction of frequency at zero frequency, i.e., $\\rho(\\omega)\\sim\n\\omega^{\\beta}$ (as $\\omega\\to 0$). For the initial condition with zero\nmomentum, $\\alpha=0$ for all systems studied. The underlying physical meaning\nof this diffusive behavior is discussed.",
        "positive": "Dynamical systems with multiplicative noise: Time-scale competition,\n  delayed feedback and effective drifts: Noisy dynamical models are employed to describe a wide range of phenomena.\nSince exact modeling of these phenomena requires access to their microscopic\ndynamics, whose time scales are typically much shorter than the observable time\nscales, there is often need to resort to effective mathematical models such as\nstochastic differential equations (SDEs). In particular, here we consider\neffective SDEs describing the behavior of systems in the limits when natural\ntime scales became very small. In the presence of multiplicative noise (i.e.,\nnoise whose intensity depends upon the system's state), an additional drift\nterm, called noise-induced drift, appears. The nature of this noise-induced\ndrift has been recently the subject of a growing number of theoretical and\nexperimental studies. Here, we provide an extensive review of the state of the\nart in this field. After an introduction, we discuss a minimal model of how\nmultiplicative noise affects the evolution of a system. Next, we consider\nseveral case studies with a focus on recent experiments: Brownian motion of a\nmicroscopic particle in thermal equilibrium with a heat bath in the presence of\na diffusion gradient, and the limiting behavior of a system driven by a colored\nnoise modulated by a multiplicative feedback. This allows us to present the\nexperimental results, as well as mathematical methods and numerical techniques\nthat can be employed to study a wide range of systems. At the end we give an\napplication-oriented overview of future projects involving noise-induced\ndrifts, including both theory and experiment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tunneling and EPR linewidths due to dislocations in Mn-12 acetate: We compute the width and shape of the EPR and tunneling resonances due to\ndislocations in Mn-12 acetate crystals. Uncorrelated dislocations produce the\nGaussian shape of resonances while dislocations bound in pairs produce the\nLorentzian shape. We stress that the uniaxial spin Hamiltonian together with\ncrystal defects can explain the totality of experimental data on Mn-12.",
        "positive": "Global synchronization on time-varying higher-order structures: Synchronization has received a lot of attention from the scientific community\nfor systems evolving on static networks or higher-order structures, such as\nhypergraphs and simplicial complexes. In many relevant real world applications,\nthe latter are not static but do evolve in time, in this paper we thus discuss\nthe impact of the time-varying nature of high-order structures in the emergence\nof global synchronization.\n  To achieve this goal we extend the master stability formalism to account, in\na general way, for the additional contributions arising from the time evolution\nof the higher-order structure supporting the dynamical systems. The theory is\nsuccessfully challenged against two illustrative examples, the Stuart-Landau\nnonlinear oscillator and the Lorenz chaotic oscillator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Percolation Signature of the Spin Glass Transition: Magnetic ordering at low temperature for Ising ferromagnets manifests itself\nwithin the associated Fortuin-Kasteleyn (FK) random cluster representation as\nthe occurrence of a single positive density percolating network. In this paper\nwe investigate the percolation signature for Ising spin glass ordering -- both\nin short-range (EA) and infinite-range (SK) models -- within a two-replica FK\nrepresentation and also within the different Chayes-Machta-Redner two-replica\ngraphical representation. Based on numerical studies of the $\\pm J$ EA model in\nthree dimensions and on rigorous results for the SK model, we conclude that the\nspin glass transition corresponds to the appearance of {\\it two} percolating\nclusters of {\\it unequal} densities.",
        "positive": "Excitation Spectra of Correlated Lattice Bosons in a Confining Trap: We consider ultracold bosonic atoms in an optical lattice with an external\ntrapping potential. To study the excitation energies of the resulting\nBose-Hubbard model, we develop a method based on a time-dependent\ngeneralization of the Gutzwiller ansatz. We calculate the excitations of the\nhomogeneous system both in insulating and superfluid regime, concentrating\nparticularly on those near the superfluid-Mott insulator boundary. Low-lying\nexcitation energies in presence of a static harmonic trap are obtained using\nthis method and compared with the homogeneous case. Further, we explore the\ndynamics of the center of mass and the breathing mode in response to\ntime-dependent perturbations of the trap."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Grand-canonical solution of semi-flexible self-avoiding trails on the\n  Bethe lattice: We consider a model of semi-flexible interacting self-avoiding trails\n(sISAT's) on a lattice, where the walks are constrained to visit each lattice\nedge at most once. Such models have been studied as an alternative to the\nself-attracting self-avoiding walks (SASAW) to investigate the collapse\ntransition of polymers, with the attractive interactions being on site, as\nopposed to nearest-neighbor interactions in SASAW. The grand-canonical version\nof the sISAT model is solved on a four-coordinated Bethe lattice, and four\nphases appear: non-polymerized (NP), regular polymerized (P), dense polymerized\n(DP) and anisotropic nematic (AN), the last one present in the phase diagram\nonly for sufficiently stiff chains. The last two phases are dense, in the sense\nthat all lattice sites are visited once in AN phase and twice in DP phase. In\ngeneral, critical NP-P and DP-P transition surfaces meet with a NP-DP\ncoexistence surface at a line of bicritical points. The region in which the AN\nphase is stable is limited by a discontinuous critical transition to the P\nphase, and we study this somewhat unusual transition in some detail. In the\nlimit of rods, where the chains are totally rigid, the P phase is absent and\nthe three coexistence lines (NP-AN, AN-DP, and NP-DP) meet at a triple point,\nwhich is the endpoint of the bicritical line.",
        "positive": "Information Scrambling with Conservation Laws: The delocalization or scrambling of quantum information has emerged as a\ncentral ingredient in the understanding of thermalization in isolated quantum\nmany-body systems. Recently, significant progress has been made analytically by\nmodeling non-integrable systems as stochastic systems, lacking a Hamiltonian\npicture, while honest Hamiltonian dynamics are frequently limited to small\nsystem sizes due to computational constraints. In this paper, we address this\nby investigating the role of conservation laws (including energy conservation)\nin the thermalization process from an information-theoretic perspective. For\ngeneral non-integrable models, we use the equilibrium approximation to show\nthat the maximal amount of information is scrambled (as measured by the\ntripartite mutual information of the time-evolution operator) at late times\neven when a system conserves energy. In contrast, we explicate how when a\nsystem has additional symmetries that lead to degeneracies in the spectrum, the\namount of information scrambled must decrease. This general theory is\nexemplified in case studies of holographic conformal field theories (CFTs) and\nthe Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. Due to the large Virasoro symmetry in 1+1D\nCFTs, we argue that, in a sense, these holographic theories are not maximally\nchaotic, which is explicitly seen by the non-saturation of the second R\\'enyi\ntripartite mutual information. The roles of particle-hole and U(1) symmetries\nin the SYK model are milder due to the degeneracies being only two-fold, which\nwe confirm explicitly at both large- and small-$N$. We reinterpret the operator\nentanglement in terms the growth of local operators, connecting our results\nwith the information scrambling described by out-of-time-ordered correlators,\nidentifying the mechanism for suppressed scrambling from the Heisenberg\nperspective."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical distribution of quantum entanglement for a random bipartite\n  state: We compute analytically the statistics of the Renyi and von Neumann entropies\n(standard measures of entanglement), for a random pure state in a large\nbipartite quantum system. The full probability distribution is computed by\nfirst mapping the problem to a random matrix model and then using a Coulomb gas\nmethod. We identify three different regimes in the entropy distribution, which\ncorrespond to two phase transitions in the associated Coulomb gas. The two\ncritical points correspond to sudden changes in the shape of the Coulomb charge\ndensity: the appearance of an integrable singularity at the origin for the\nfirst critical point, and the detachement of the rightmost charge (largest\neigenvalue) from the sea of the other charges at the second critical point.\nAnalytical results are verified by Monte Carlo numerical simulations. A short\naccount of some of these results appeared recently in Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf\n104}, 110501 (2010).",
        "positive": "Power laws and stretched exponentials in a noisy finite-time-singularity\n  model: We discuss the influence of white noise on a generic dynamical\nfinite-time-singularity model for a single degree of freedom. We find that the\nnoise effectively resolves the finite-time-singularity and replaces it by a\nfirst-passage-time or absorbing state distribution with a peak at the\nsingularity and a long time tail exhibiting power law or stretched exponential\nbehavior. The study might be of relevance in the context of hydrodynamics on a\nnanometer scale, in material physics, and in biophysics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of the independent harmonic oscillators with different\n  frequencies in the Tsallis statistics: We study the thermodynamic quantities in the system of the $N$ independent\nharmonic oscillators with different frequencies in the Tsallis statistics of\nthe entropic parameter $q$ ($1<q<2$) with escort average. The self-consistent\nequation is derived, and the physical quantities are calculated with the\nphysical temperature. It is found that the number of oscillators is restricted\nbelow $1/(q-1)$. The energy, the R\\'enyi entropy, and the Tsallis entropy are\nobtained by solving the self-consistent equation approximately at high physical\ntemperature and/or for small deviation $q-1$. The energy is $q$-independent at\nhigh physical temperature when the physical temperature is adopted, and the\nenergy is proportional to the number of oscillators and physical temperature at\nhigh physical temperature. The form of the R\\'enyi entropy is similar to that\nof von-Neumann entropy, and the Tsallis entropy is given through the R\\'enyi\nentropy. The physical temperature dependence of the Tsallis entropy is\ndifferent from that of R\\'enyi entropy. The Tsallis entropy is bounded from the\nabove, while the R\\'enyi entropy increases with the physical temperature. The\nratio of the Tsallis entropy to the R\\'enyi entropy is small at high physical\ntemperature.",
        "positive": "Brownian non-Gaussian polymer diffusion and queing theory in the\n  mean-field limit: We link the Brownian non-Gaussian diffusion of a polymer center of mass to a\nmicroscopic cause: the polymerization/depolymerization phenomenon occurring\nwhen the polymer is in contact with a monomer chemostat. The anomalous behavior\nis triggered by the polymer critical point, separating the dilute and the dense\nphase in the grand canonical ensemble. In the mean-field limit we establish\ncontact with queuing theory and show that the kurtosis of the polymer center of\nmass diverges alike a response function when the system becomes critical, a\nresult which holds for general polymer dynamics (Zimm, Rouse, reptation). Both\nthe equilibrium and nonequilibrium behaviors are solved exactly as a reference\nstudy for novel stochastic modeling and experimental setup."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Absence of spontaneous magnetic order at non-zero temperature in one-\n  and two-dimensional Heisenberg and XY systems with long-range interactions: The Mermin-Wagner theorem is strengthened so as to rule out magnetic\nlong-range order at T>0 in one- or two-dimensional Heisenberg and XY systems\nwith long-range interactions decreasing as R^{-alpha} with a sufficiently large\nexponent alpha. For oscillatory interactions, ferromagnetic long-range order at\nT>0 is ruled out if alpha >= 1 (D=1) or alpha > 5/2 (D=2). For systems with\nmonotonically decreasing interactions ferro- or antiferromagnetic long-range\norder at T>0 is ruled out if alpha >= 2D.",
        "positive": "Universal amplitude-exponent relation for the Ising model on sphere-like\n  lattices: Conformal field theory predicts finite-size scaling amplitudes of correlation\nlengths universally related to critical exponents on sphere-like, semi-finite\nsystems $S^{d-1}\\times\\mathbb{R}$ of arbitrary dimensionality $d$. Numerical\nstudies have up to now been unable to validate this result due to the\nintricacies of lattice discretisation of such curved spaces. We present a\ncluster-update Monte Carlo study of the Ising model on a three-dimensional\ngeometry using slightly irregular lattices that confirms the validity of a\nlinear amplitude-exponent relation to high precision."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Approximation Monte Carlo with a Dynamic Update Factor: We present a new Monte Carlo algorithm based on the Stochastic Approximation\nMonte Carlo (SAMC) algorithm for directly calculating the density of states.\nThe proposed method is Stochastic Approximation with a Dynamic update factor\n(SAD) which dynamically adjusts the update factor $\\gamma_t$ during the course\nof the simulation. We test this method on the square-well fluid and the 31-atom\nLennard-Jones cluster and compare the convergence behavior of several related\nMonte Carlo methods. We find that both the SAD and $1/t$-Wang-Landau ($1/t$-WL)\nmethods rapidly converge to the correct density of states without the need for\nthe user to specify an arbitrary tunable parameter $t_0$ as in the case of\nSAMC. SAD requires as input the temperature range of interest, in contrast to\n$1/t$-WL, which requires that the user identify the interesting range of\nenergies. The convergence of the $1/t$-WL method is very sensitive to the\nenergy range chosen for the low-temperature heat capacity of the Lennard-Jones\ncluster. Thus, SAD is more powerful in the common case in which the range of\nenergies is not known in advance.",
        "positive": "Distance-d covering problems in scale-free networks with degree\n  correlations: A number of problems in communication systems demand the distributed\nallocation of network resources in order to provide better services, sampling\nand distribution methods. The solution to these issues is becoming more\nchallenging due to the increasing size and complexity of communication\nnetworks. We report here on an heuristic method that allows to find\nnear-optimal solutions to the covering problem in real communication networks.\nThe results show that the optimal allocation of resources strongly depends on\nthe topology of the underlying networks. Whether a centralized or distributed\ndesign is to be used relies upon the degree correlations between connected\nvertices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Quantum Damper: As an application of the classically decayable correlation in a quantum chaos\nsystem maintained over an extremely long time-scale (Matsui et al,\nEurophys.Lett. 113(2016),40008), we propose a minimal model of quantum damper\ncomposed of a quantum harmonic oscillator (HO) weakly interacting with a\nbounded quantum chaos system. Although the whole system obeys unitary evolution\ndynamics of only three quantum degrees of freedom, the mechanical work applied\nto the HO is stationary converted into the \"internal energy\" characterized by\nan effective temperature in an irreversible way over a sufficiently long\ntime-scale, if the components of the quantum chaos system are mutually\nentangled enough. A paradoxical dependence of the duration time of the\nstationary conversion on the driving strength is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Invariant Measure under Heat Flow: We provide an explicit representation of the nonequilibrium invariant measure\nfor a chain of harmonic oscillators with conservative noise in the presence of\nstationary heat flow. By first determining the covariance matrix, we are able\nto express the measure as the product of Gaussian distributions aligned along\nsome collective modes that are spatially localized with power-law tails.\nNumerical studies show that such a representation applies also to a purely\ndeterministic model, the quartic Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Measurement of the Casimir force in a gas and in a liquid: We present here detailed measurements of the Casimir-Lifshitz force between\ntwo gold surfaces, performed for the first time in both gas (nitrogen) and\nliquid (ethanol) enviroments with the same apparatus and on the same spot of\nthe sample. Furthermore, we study the role of double-layer forces in the\nliquid, and we show that these electrostatic effects are important. The later\ncontributions were precisely subtracted to recover the genuine Casimir force,\nand the experimental results are compared with calculations using Lifshitz\ntheory. Our measurements demonstrate that a carefull account of the actual\noptical properties of the surfaces is necessary for an accurate comparison with\nthe Lifshitz theory predictions at short separations of less than\n${200}\\si{\\nano\\meter}",
        "positive": "Cylindrical Ising Nanowire in an Oscillating Magnetic Field and Dynamic\n  Compensation Temperature: The magnetic properties of a nonequilibrium spin-1/2 cylindrical Ising\nnanowire system with core/shell in an oscillating magnetic field are studied by\nusing a mean-field approach based on the Glauber-type stochastic dynamics\n(DMFT). We employ the Glaubertype stochastic dynamics to construct set of the\ncoupled mean-field dynamic equations. First, we study the temperature\ndependence of the dynamic order parameters to characterize the nature of the\nphase transitions and to obtain the dynamic phase transition points. Then, we\ninvestigate the temperature dependence of the total magnetization to find the\ndynamic compensation points as well as to determine the type of behavior. The\nphase diagrams in which contain the paramagnetic, ferromagnetic,\nantiferromagnetic, nonmagnetic, surface fundamental phases and tree mixed\nphases as well as reentrant behavior are presented in the reduced magnetic\nfield amplitude and reduced temperature plane. According to values of\nHamiltonian parameters, the compensation temperatures, or the N-, Q-, P-, R-,\nS-type behaviors in the Neel classification nomenclature exist in the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rapid state-recrossing kinetics in non-Markovian systems: The mean first-passage time (MFPT) is one standard measure for the reaction\ntime in thermally activated barrier-crossing processes. While the relationship\nbetween MFPTs and phenomenological rate coefficients is known for systems that\nsatisfy Markovian dynamics, it is not clear how to interpret MFPTs for\nexperimental and simulation time-series data generated by non-Markovian\nsystems. Here, we simulate a one-dimensional generalized Langevin equation\n(GLE) in a bistable potential and compare two related numerical methods for\nevaluating MFPTs: one that only incorporates information about first arrivals\nbetween subsequent states and is equivalent to calculating the waiting time, or\ndwell time, and one that incorporates information about all first-passages\nassociated with a given barrier-crossing event and is therefore typically\nemployed to enhance numerical sampling. In the Markovian limit, the two methods\nare equivalent. However, for significant memory times, the two methods suggest\ndramatically different reaction kinetics. By focusing on first-passage\ndistributions, we systematically reveal the influence of memory-induced rapid\nstate-recrossing on the MFPTs, which we compare to various other numerical or\ntheoretical descriptions of reaction times. Overall, we demonstrate that it is\nnecessary to consider full first-passage distributions, rather than just the\nmean barrier-crossing kinetics when analyzing non-Markovian time series data.",
        "positive": "Pathway Model and Nonextensive Statistical Mechanics: The established technique of eliminating upper or lower parameters in a\ngeneral hypergeometric series is profitably exploited to create pathways among\nconfluent hypergeometric functions, binomial functions, Bessel functions, and\nexponential series. One such pathway, from the mathematical statistics point of\nview, results in distributions which naturally emerge within nonextensive\nstatistical mechanics and Beck-Cohen superstatistics, as pursued in\ngeneralizations of Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Typicality of pure states randomly sampled according to the Gaussian\n  adjusted projected measure: Consider a mixed quantum mechanical state, describing a statistical ensemble\nin terms of an arbitrary density operator $\\rho$ of low purity, $\\tr\\rho^2\\ll\n1$, and yielding the ensemble averaged expectation value $\\tr(\\rho A)$ for any\nobservable $A$. Assuming that the given statistical ensemble $\\rho$ is\ngenerated by randomly sampling pure states $|\\psi>$ according to the\ncorresponding so-called Gaussian adjusted projected measure $[$Goldstein et\nal., J. Stat. Phys. 125, 1197 (2006)$]$, the expectation value $<\\psi|A|\\psi>$\nis shown to be extremely close to the ensemble average $\\tr(\\rho A)$ for the\noverwhelming majority of pure states $|\\psi>$ and any experimentally realistic\nobservable $A$. In particular, such a `typicality' property holds whenever the\nHilbert space $\\hr$ of the system contains a high dimensional subspace\n$\\hr_+\\subset\\hr$ with the property that all $|\\psi>\\in\\hr_+$ are realized with\nequal probability and all other $|\\psi> \\in\\hr$ are excluded.",
        "positive": "The Non--Ergodicity Threshold: Time Scale for Magnetic Reversal: We prove the existence of a non-ergodicity threshold for an anisotropic\nclassical Heisenberg model with all-to-all couplings. Below the threshold, the\nenergy surface is disconnected in two components with positive and negative\nmagnetizations respectively. Above, in a fully chaotic regime, magnetization\nchanges sign in a stochastic way and its behavior can be fully characterized by\nan average magnetization reversal time. We show that statistical mechanics\npredicts a phase--transition at an energy higher than the non-ergodicity\nthreshold. We assess the dynamical relevance of the latter for finite systems\nthrough numerical simulations and analytical calculations. In particular, the\ntime scale for magnetic reversal diverges as a power law at the ergodicity\nthreshold with a size-dependent exponent, which could be a signature of the\nphenomenon."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Absence of correlations in the energy exchanges of an exactly solvable\n  model of heat transport with many degrees of freedom: A process based on the exactly solvable Kipnis--Marchioro--Presutti model of\nheat conduction [J. Stat. Phys. 27 65 (1982)] is described whereby lattice\ncells share their energies among many identical degrees of freedom while, in\neach cell, only two of them are associated with energy exchanges connecting\nneighbouring cells. It is shown that, up to dimensional constants, the heat\nconductivity is half the interaction rate, regardless of the degrees of\nfreedom. Moreover, as this number becomes large, correlations between the\nenergy variables involved in the exchanges vanish. In this regime, the process\nthus boils down to the time-evolution of the local temperatures which is\nprescribed by the discrete heat equation.",
        "positive": "Phase behaviour and the random phase approximation for ultrasoft\n  restricted primitive models: Phase separation of the ultrasoft restricted primitive model (URPM) with\nGaussian charges is re-investigated in the random phase approximation\n(RPA)---the 'Level A' approximation discussed by Nikoubashman, Hansen and Kahl\n[J. Chem. Phys. 137, 094905 (2012)]. We find that the RPA predicts a region of\nlow temperature vapour-liquid coexistence, with a critical density much lower\nthan that observed in either simulations or more refined approximations (we\nalso remark that the RPA critical point for a related model with Bessel charges\ncan be solved analytically). This observation suggests that the hierarchy of\napproximations introduced by Nikoubashman et al. should be analogous to those\nintroduced by Fisher and Levin for the restricted primitive model [Phys. Rev.\nLett. 71, 3826 (1993)], which makes the inability of these approximations to\ncapture the observed URPM phase behaviour even more worthy of investigation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theorem on the Distribution of Short Time Single Particle Displacements: The distribution of the initial very short-time displacements of a single\nparticle is considered for a class of classical systems with Gaussian initial\nvelocity distributions and arbitrary initial particle positions. A very brief\nsketch is given of a rather intricate and lengthy proof that for this class of\nsystems the nth order cumulants behave as t^{2n} for all n>2, rather than as\nt^{n}. We also briefly discuss some physical consequences for liquids.",
        "positive": "The durations of recession and prosperity: does their distribution\n  follow a power or an exponential law?: Following findings by Ormerod and Mounfield, Wright rises the problem whether\na power or an exponential law describes the distribution of occurrences of\neconomic recession periods. In order to clarify the controversy a different set\nof GDP data is hereby examined. The conclusion about a power law distribution\nof recession periods seems better though the matter is not entirely settled.\nThe case of prosperity duration is also studied and is found to follow a power\nlaw. Universal but also non universal features between recession and prosperity\ncases are emphasized. Considering that the economy is basically a bistable\n(recession/prosperity) system we may derive a characteristic (de)stabilisation\ntime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vortex jamming in superconductors and granular rheology: We demonstrate that a highly frustrated anisotropic Josephson junction\narray(JJA) on a square lattice exhibits a zero-temperature jamming transition,\nwhich shares much in common with those in granular systems. Anisotropy of the\nJosephson couplings along the horizontal and vertical directions plays roles\nsimilar to normal load or density in granular systems. We studied numerically\nstatic and dynamic response of the system against shear, i. e. injection of\nexternal electric current at zero temperature. Current-voltage curves at\nvarious strength of the anisotropy exhibit universal scaling features around\nthe jamming point much as do the flow curves in granular rheology, shear-stress\nvs shear-rate. It turns out that at zero temperature the jamming transition\noccurs right at the isotropic coupling and anisotropic JJA behaves as an exotic\nfragile vortex matter : it behaves as superconductor (vortex glass) into one\ndirection while normal conductor (vortex liquid) into the other direction even\nat zero temperature. Furthermore we find a variant of the theoretical model for\nthe anisotropic JJA quantitatively reproduces universal master flow-curves of\nthe granular systems. Our results suggest an unexpected common paradigm\nstretching over seemingly unrelated fields - the rheology of soft materials and\nsuperconductivity.",
        "positive": "Coalescence of the Fermi-surface-related diffuse intensity peaks in\n  disordered alloys: The possibility of disappearance of the diffuse-intensity peak splitting\ninduced by the Fermi surface (i.e., of coalescence of the intensity maxima)\nwith decreasing temperature is predicted. The underlying mechanism is the\ncompensation of the reciprocal-space curvatures of the self-energy and the\ninteraction. The theory also describes similar results obtained earlier for two\nlow-dimensional models with competing interactions. The coalescence is compared\nwith the recently observed \"thermal\" splitting in Pt-V which can be explained\nin the same way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Soliton and 2D domains in ultra-thin magnetic films: We show that many two dimensional domain patterns observed in Monte Carlo\nsimulations can be obtained from the many soliton solutions of the imaginary\ntime Sine Gordon equation. This opens the door to analytic physical\nunderstanding of the micromagnetics in ultra-thin films.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Dynamics in the Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation: We present results from a comprehensive analytical and numerical study of\nnonequilibrium dynamics in the 2-dimensional complex Ginzburg-Landau (CGL)\nequation. In particular, we use spiral defects to characterize the domain\ngrowth law and the evolution morphology. An asymptotic analysis of the\nsingle-spiral correlation function shows a sequence of singularities --\nanalogous to those seen for time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) models with\nO(n) symmetry, where $n$ is even."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modelling High-frequency Economic Time Series: The minute-by-minute move of the Hang Seng Index (HSI) data over a four-year\nperiod is analysed and shown to possess similar statistical features as those\nof other markets. Based on a mathematical theorem [S. B. Pope and E. S. C.\nChing, Phys. Fluids A {\\bf 5}, 1529 (1993)], we derive an analytic form for the\nprobability distribution function (PDF) of index moves from fitted functional\nforms of certain conditional averages of the time series. Furthermore,\nfollowing a recent work by Stolovitzky and Ching, we show that the observed PDF\ncan be reproduced by a Langevin process with a move-dependent noise amplitude.\nThe form of the Langevin equation can be determined directly from the market\ndata.",
        "positive": "Island size distributions in submonolayer growth: successful prediction\n  by mean field theory with coverage dependent capture numbers: We show that mean-field rate equations for submonolayer growth can\nsuccessfully predict island size distributions in the pre-coalescence regime if\nthe full dependence of capture numbers on both the island size and the coverage\nis taken into account. This is demonstrated by extensive Kinetic Monte Carlo\nsimulations for a growth kinetics with hit and stick aggregation. A detailed\nanalysis of the capture numbers reveals a nonlinear dependence on the island\nsize for small islands. This nonlinearity turns out to be crucial for the\nsuccessful prediction of the island size distribution and renders an analytical\ntreatment based on a continuum limit of the mean-field rate equations\ndifficult."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scale invariant growth processes in expanding space: Many growth processes lead to intriguing stochastic patterns and complex\nfractal structures which exhibit local scale invariance properties. Such\nstructures can often be described effectively by space-time trajectories of\ninteracting particles, and their large scale behaviour depends on the overall\ngrowth geometry. We establish an exact relation between statistical properties\nof structures in uniformly expanding and fixed geometries, which preserves the\nlocal scale invariance and is independent of other properties such as the\ndimensionality. This relation generalizes standard conformal transformations as\nthe natural symmetry of self-affine growth processes. We illustrate our main\nresult numerically for various structures of coalescing L\\'evy flights and\nfractional Brownian motions, including also branching and finite particle\nsizes. One of the main benefits of this new approach is a full, explicit\ndescription of the asymptotic statistics in expanding domains, which are often\nnon-trivial and random due to amplification of initial fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Direct evaluation of rare events in active matter from variational path\n  sampling: Active matter represents a broad class of systems that evolve far from\nequilibrium due to the local injection of energy. Like their passive analogues,\ntransformations between distinct metastable states in active matter proceed\nthrough rare fluctuations, however their detailed balance violating dynamics\nrenders these events difficult to study. Here, we present a simulation method\nfor evaluating the rate and mechanism of rare events in generic nonequilibrium\nsystems and apply it to study the conformational changes of a passive solute in\nan active fluid. The method employs a variational optimization of a control\nforce that renders the rare event a typical one, supplying an exact estimate of\nits rate as a ratio of path partition functions. Using this method we find that\nincreasing activity in the active bath can enhance the rate of conformational\nswitching of the passive solute in a manner consistent with recent bounds from\nstochastic thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of work and fluctuation theorems for microcanonical initial\n  states: The work performed on a system in a microcanonical state by changes in a\ncontrol parameter is characterized in terms of its statistics. The transition\nprobabilities between eigenstates of the system Hamiltonians at the beginning\nand the end of the parameter change obey a detailed balance-like relation from\nwhich various forms of the microcanonical fluctuation theorem are obtained. As\nan example, sudden deformations of a two dimensional harmonic oscillator\npotential are considered and the validity of the microcanonical Jarzynski\nequality connecting the degrees of degeneracy of energy eigenvalues before and\nafter the control parameter change is confirmed.",
        "positive": "Fracture of glassy materials as detected by real-time Atomic Force\n  Microscopy (AFM) experiments: We have studied the low speed fracture regime for different glassy materials\nwith variable but controlled length scales of heterogeneity in a carefully\nmastered surrounding atmosphere. By using optical and atomic force (AFM)\nmicroscopy techniques we tracked in real-time the crack tip propagation at the\nnanometer scale on a wide velocity range (1 mm/s and 0.1 nm/s and below). The\ninfluence of the heterogeneities on this velocity is presented and discussed.\nOur experiments revealed also -for the first time- that the crack advance\nproceeds through nucleation, growth and coalescence of nanometric damage\ncavities inside the amorphous phase, which generate large velocity\nfluctuations. The implications of the existence of such a nano-ductile fracture\nmode in glass are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical theory of self-similar time series as a nonextensive\n  thermodynamic system: Within Tsallis' nonextensive statistics, a model is elaborated to address\nself-similar time series as a thermodynamic system. Thermodynamic-type\ncharacteristics relevant to temperature, pressure, entropy, internal and free\nenergies are introduced and tested. Stability conditions of time series\nanalysis are discussed in details on the basis of Van der Waals model.",
        "positive": "Non-reciprocity and heat transfer in far from equilibrium processes: A non-reciprocal phonon model for microwave or optical isolators is\nconsidered. It gives a simpler framework to further investigate the formerly\nargued possibility for a heat transfer between black bodies at common\ntemperatures. While the non-dissipative device retains the Detailed Balance\nproperty, the presence of dissipation breaks it. This property allows a net\ntransfer of heat between the two black bodies at common temperatures, whenever\nthe absorptive elements are at lower temperatures than the one being common to\nthe bodies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium heat capacity: Development of steady state thermodynamics and statistical mechanics depends\ncrucially on our ability to develop notions of equilibrium thermodynamics for\nnonequilibrium steady states (NESS). The present paper considers the\ndevelopment of heat capacity. A modified definition is proposed which continues\nto maintain the same relation to steady state Shannon entropy as in\nequilibrium, thus providing a thermodynamically consistent treatment of NESS\nheat capacity.",
        "positive": "Clusters in an epidemic model with long-range dispersal: In presence of long range dispersal, epidemics spread in spatially\ndisconnected regions known as clusters. Here, we characterize exactly their\nstatistical properties in a solvable model, in both the supercritical\n(outbreak) and critical regimes. We identify two diverging length scales,\ncorresponding to the bulk and the outskirt of the epidemic. We reveal a\nnontrivial critical exponent that governs the cluster number, the distribution\nof their sizes and of the distances between them. We also discuss applications\nto depinning avalanches with long range elasticity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Resistance between two nodes in general position on an $m\\times n$ fan\n  network: The resistance between two nodes in general position on a fan network with n\nradial lines and m transverse lines is determined. Also a similar result of\nIzmailian, Kenna and Wu [7] for an $m\\times n$ cobweb network is reproduced but\nthe method used here is significantly different. It avoids the use of the\nKirchhoff matrix, requires the solution of just one instead of two eigenvalue\nproblems and results directly in only a single summation. Further the current\ndistribution is given explicitly as a biproduct of the method. The method is\nthe same as that used by Tan, Zhou and Yang [10] to find the cobweb resistance\nbetween center and perimeter for $1\\le m\\le3$ and general $n$. Proof of their\nconjecture for general $m$ is discussed.",
        "positive": "Finite-Size Critical Behavior of the Driven Lattice Gas: We present a detailed Monte Carlo study of the high-temperature phase of the\ntwo-dimensional driven lattice gas at infinite driving field. We define a\nfinite-volume correlation length, study its finite-size-scaling behavior and\nextrapolate it to the infinite-volume limit by using an iterative extrapolation\nmethod. The same method is applied to the susceptibility. We determine the\ntransverse exponents $\\gamma$ and $\\nu$. They turn out to be in perfect\nagreement with the theoretical predictions. We also compute the transverse\nBinder parameter, which apparently vanishes at the critical point, and the\ndistribution of the magnetization. These results confirm the Gaussian nature of\nthe transverse excitations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical scaling of imbibition in columnar geometries: Recent experiments of imbibition in columnar geometries show interfacial\nfluctuations whose dynamic scaling is not compatible with the usual non local\nmodel governed by surface tension that results from a macroscopic description.\nTo explore this discrepancy, we exhaustively analyze numerical integrations of\na phase-field model with dichotomic columnar disorder. We find that two\ndistinct behaviors are possible depending on the capillary contrast between\nboth values of disorder. In a high contrast case, where interface evolution is\nmainly dominated by the disorder, an inherent anomalous scaling is always\nobserved. Moreover, in agreement with experimental work, the interface motion\nhas to be described through a local model. On the other hand, in a lower\ncontrast case, interface is dominated by interfacial tension and can be well\nmodeled by a non local model. We have studied both spontaneous and forced-flow\nimbibition situations, giving a complete set of scaling exponent in each case,\nas well as, a comparison to the experimental results.",
        "positive": "Distribution of Entropy Production in a Single-Electron Box: Recently, the fundamental laws of thermodynamics have been reconsidered for\nsmall systems. The discovery of the fluctuation relations has spurred\ntheoretical and experimental studies on thermodynamics of systems with few\ndegrees of freedom. The concept of entropy production has been extended to the\nmicroscopic level by considering stochastic trajectories of a system coupled to\na heat bath. However, the experimental observation of the microscopic entropy\nproduction remains elusive. We measure distributions of the microscopic entropy\nproduction in a single-electron box consisting of two islands with a tunnel\njunction. The islands are coupled to separate heat baths at different\ntemperatures, maintaining a steady thermal non-equilibrium. As Jarzynski\nequality between work and free energy is not applicable in this case, the\nentropy production becomes the relevant parameter. We verify experimentally\nthat the integral and detailed fluctuation relations are satisfied.\nFurthermore, the coarse-grained entropy production from trajectories of\nelectronic transitions is related to the bare entropy production by a universal\nformula. Our results reveal the fundamental roles of irreversible entropy\nproduction in non-equilibrium small systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Record breaking statistics near second order phase transitions: When a quantity reaches a value higher (or lower) than its value at any time\nbefore, it is said to have made a record. We numerically study the statistical\nproperties of records in the time series of order parameters in different\nmodels near their critical points. Specifically, we choose transversely driven\nEdwards-Wilkinson model for interface depinning in (1+1) dimensions and the\nIsing model in two dimensions, as paradigmatic and simple examples of\nnon-equilibrium and equilibrium critical behaviors respectively. The total\nnumber of record breaking events in the time series of the order parameters of\nthe models show maxima when the system is near criticality. The number of\nrecord breaking events and associated quantities, such as the distribution of\nthe waiting time between successive record events, show power law scaling near\nthe critical point. The exponent values are specific to the universality\nclasses of the respective models. Such behaviors near criticality can be used\nas a precursor to imminent criticality i.e. abrupt and catastrophic changes in\nthe system. Due to the extreme nature of the records, its measurements are\nrelatively free of detection errors and thus provide a clear signal regarding\nthe state of the system in which they are measured.",
        "positive": "Energy transport in harmonically driven segmented Frenkel-Kontorova\n  lattices: In this work we study the energy transport in a one-dimensional system\ncomposed of two dissimilar Frenkel-Kontorova lattices connected by a\ntime-modulated coupling and in contact with two heat reservoirs operating at\ndifferent temperature by means of molecular dynamics simulations. There is a\nvalue of the driving frequency at which the heat flux takes its maximum value,\na phenomenon termed as thermal resonance. Structural modifications in the\nlattice strongly alter the way in which the external driving interacts with the\nphonon bands. The overlap of the latter in the harmonic regime of the model\ndetermine the frequency range wherein resonance emerges. Parameter dependencies\nby which the incoming heat flux can be directed to either of the heat\nreservoirs are examined as well. Our results may be conductive to further\ndevelopments in designing thermal devices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rotational dynamics of entangled polymers: Some recent results on the rotational dynamics of polymers are reviewed and\nextended. We focus here on the relaxation of a polymer, either flexible or\nsemiflexible, initially wrapped around a rigid rod. We also study the steady\npolymer rotation generated by a constant torque on the rod. The interplay of\nfrictional and entropic forces leads to a complex dynamical behavior\ncharacterized by non-trivial universal exponents. The results are based on\nextensive simulations of polymers undergoing Rouse dynamics and on an\nanalytical approach using force balance and scaling arguments. The analytical\nresults are in general in good agreement with the simulations, showing how a\nsimplified approach can correctly capture the complex dynamical behavior of\nrotating polymers.",
        "positive": "Le Chatelier principle in replicator dynamics: The Le Chatelier principle states that physical equilibria are not only\nstable, but they also resist external perturbations via short-time\nnegative-feedback mechanisms: a perturbation induces processes tending to\ndiminish its results. The principle has deep roots, e.g., in thermodynamics it\nis closely related to the second law and the positivity of the entropy\nproduction. Here we study the applicability of the Le Chatelier principle to\nevolutionary game theory, i.e., to perturbations of a Nash equilibrium within\nthe replicator dynamics. We show that the principle can be reformulated as a\nmajorization relation. This defines a stability notion that generalizes the\nconcept of evolutionary stability. We determine criteria for a Nash equilibrium\nto satisfy the Le Chatelier principle and relate them to mutualistic\ninteractions (game-theoretical anticoordination) showing in which sense\nmutualistic replicators can be more stable than (say) competing ones. There are\nglobally stable Nash equilibria, where the Le Chatelier principle is violated\neven locally: in contrast to the thermodynamic equilibrium a Nash equilibrium\ncan amplify small perturbations, though both this type of equilibria satisfy\nthe detailed balance condition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal scaling in fractional dimension: The concept of universality has shaped our understanding of many-body\nphysics, but is mostly limited to homogenous systems. Here, we present a first\nstudy of universality on a non-homogeneous graph, the long-range diluted graph\n(LRDG). Its scaling theory is controlled by a single parameter, the spectral\ndimension $d_s$, which plays the role of the relevant parameter on complex\ngeometries. The graph under consideration allows us to tune the value of the\nspectral dimension continuously and find the universal exponents as continuous\nfunctions of the dimension. By means of extensive numerical simulations, we\nprobe the scaling exponents of a simple instance of O(N) symmetric models on\nthe LRDG showing quantitative agreement with the theoretical prediction of\nuniversal scaling in fractional dimensions.",
        "positive": "The role of collective motion in examples of coarsening and\n  self-assembly: The simplest prescription for building a patterned structure from its\nconstituents is to add particles, one at a time, to an appropriate template.\nHowever, self-organizing molecular and colloidal systems in nature can evolve\nin much more hierarchical ways. Specifically, constituents (or clusters of\nconstituents) may aggregate to form clusters (or clusters of clusters) that\nserve as building blocks for later stages of assembly. Here we evaluate the\ncharacter and consequences of such collective motion in a set of prototypical\nassembly processes. We do so using computer simulations in which a system's\ncapacity for hierarchical dynamics can be controlled systematically. By\nexplicitly allowing or suppressing collective motion, we quantify its effects.\nWe find that coarsening within a two dimensional attractive lattice gas (and an\nanalogous off-lattice model in three dimensions) is naturally dominated by\ncollective motion over a broad range of temperatures and densities. Under such\ncircumstances, cluster mobility inhibits the development of uniform coexisting\nphases, especially when macroscopic segregation is strongly favored by\nthermodynamics. By contrast, the assembly of model viral capsids is not\nfrustrated but is instead facilitated by collective moves, which promote the\norderly binding of intermediates consisting of several monomers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo Studies of Three-Dimensional Bond-Diluted Ferromagnets: In this report we give an overview on recent results obtained from extensive\nMonte Carlo (MC) computer simulations of the 3D 2-state (Ising) and 4-state\nPotts models with bond-dilution. The motivation to study the 4-state Potts\nmodel derives from the fact that, in the pure case, this model is known to\nexhibit a fairly strong first-order transition, such that a disorder-induced\nsoftening to a second-order transition would give clear support of the\ntheoretical expectations. Modeling the disorder by bond-dilution enables in the\nIsing case a test of the expected universality with respect to the type of\ndisorder. Furthermore, for both models this choice facilitates a quantitative\ncomparison with recent high-temperature series expansions for general\nrandom-bond q-state Potts models.",
        "positive": "Survival in a nanoforest of absorbing pillars: We investigate the survival probability of a particle diffusing between two\nparallel reflecting planes toward a periodic array of absorbing pillars. We\napproximate the periodic cell of this system by a cylindrical tube containing a\nsingle pillar. Using a mode matching method, we obtain an exact solution of the\nmodified Helmholtz equation in this domain that determines the Laplace\ntransform of the survival probability and the associated distribution of\nfirst-passage times. This solution reveals the respective roles of several\ngeometric parameters: the height and radius of the pillar, the inter-pillar\ndistance, and the distance between confining planes. This model allows us to\nexplore different asymptotic regimes in the probability density of the\nfirst-passage time. In the practically relevant case of a large distance\nbetween confining planes, we argue that the mean first-passage time is much\nlarger than the typical time and thus uninformative. We also illustrate the\nfailure of the capacitance approximation for the principal eigenvalue of the\nLaplace operator. Some practical implications and future perspectives are\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Skewness in (1+1)-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang-type growth: We use the $(1+1)$-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation driven by a\nGaussian white noise and employ the dynamic renormalization-group of Yakhot and\nOrszag without rescaling [J.~Sci.\\ Comput.~{\\bf 1}, 3 (1986)]. Hence we\ncalculate the second and third order moments of height distribution using the\ndiagrammatic method in the large scale and long time limits. The moments so\ncalculated lead to the value $S=0.3237$ for the skewness. This value is\ncomparable with numerical and experimental estimates.",
        "positive": "Large-scale structure of randomly jammed particles: We numerically analyse the density field of three-dimensional randomly jammed\npackings of monodisperse soft frictionles spherical particles, paying special\nattention to fluctuations occurring at large lengthscales. We study in detail\nthe two-point static structure factor at low wavevectors in Fourier space. We\nalso analyse the nature of the density field in real space by studying the\nlarge-distance behavior of the two-point pair correlation function, of density\nfluctuations in subsystems of increasing sizes, and of the direct correlation\nfunction. We show that such real space analysis can be greatly improved by\nintroducing a coarse-grained density field to disentangle genuine large-scale\ncorrelations from purely local effects. Our results confirm that both Fourier\nand real space signatures of vanishing density fluctuations at large scale are\nabsent, indicating that randomly jammed packings are not hyperuniform. In\naddition, we establish that the pair correlation function displays a\nsurprisingly complex structure at large distances, which is however not\ncompatible with the long-range negative correlation of hyperuniform systems but\nfully compatible with an analytic form for the structure factor. This implies\nthat the direct correlation function is short-ranged, as we also demonstrate\ndirectly. Our results reveal that density fluctuations in jammed packings do\nnot follow the behavior expected for random hyperuniform materials, but display\ninstead a more complex behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local aging phenomena close to magnetic surfaces: Surface aging phenomena are discussed for semi-infinite systems prepared in a\nfully disordered initial state and then quenched to or below the critical\npoint. Besides solving exactly the semi-infinite Ising model in the limit of\nlarge dimensions, we also present results of an extensive numerical study of\nthe nonequilibrium dynamical behavior of the two-dimensional semi-infinite\nIsing model undergoing coarsening. The studied models reveal a simple aging\nbehavior where some of the nonequilibrium surface exponents take on values that\ndiffer from their bulk counterparts. For the two-dimensional semi-infinite\nIsing model we find that the exponent $b_1$, that describes the scaling\nbehavior of the surface autocorrelation, vanishes. These simulations also\nreveal the existence of strong finite-time corrections that to some extent mask\nthe leading scaling behavior of the studied two-time quantities.",
        "positive": "Phase space dynamics of overdamped quantum systems: The phase space dynamics of dissipative quantum systems in strongly condensed\nphase is considered. Based on the exact path integral approach it is shown that\nthe Wigner transform of the reduced density matrix obeys a time evolution\nequation of Fokker-Planck type valid from high down to very low temperatures.\nThe effect of quantum fluctuations is discussed and the accuracy of these\nfindings is tested against exact data for a harmonic system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal behaviour of ideal and interacting quantum gases in two\n  dimensions: I discuss ideal and interacting quantum gases obeying general fractional\nexclusion statistics. For systems with constant density of single-particle\nstates, described in the mean field approximation, the entropy depends neither\non the microscopic exclusion statistics, nor on the interaction. Such systems\nare called {\\em thermodynamically equivalent} and I show that the microscopic\nreason for this equivalence is a one-to-one correspondence between the excited\nstates of these systems. This provides a method, different from the\nbosonisation technique, to transform between systems of different exclusion\nstatistics. In the last section the macroscopic aspects of this method are\ndiscussed.\n  In Appendix A I calculate the fluctuation of the ground state population of a\ncondensed Bose gas in grandcanonical ensemble and mean field approximation,\nwhile in Appendix B I show a situation where although the system exhibits\nfractional exclusion properties on microscopic energy intervals, a rigorous\ncalculation of the population of single particle states reveals a condensation\nphenomenon. This also implies a malfunction of the usual and simplified\ncalculation technique of the most probable statistical distributions.",
        "positive": "Family of additive entropy functions out of thermodynamic limit: Starting with the additivity condition for Lyapunov functions of master\nequation, we derive a one-parametric family of entropy functions which may be\nappropriate for a description of certain effects of finiteness of statistical\nsystems, in particular, distribution functions with long tails. This\none-parametric family is different from Tsallis entropies, and is essentially a\nconvex combination of the Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon entropy and the entropy\nfunction introduced by Burg. An example of how longer tails are described\nwithin the present approach is worked out for the canonical ensemble. In\naddition, we discuss a possible origin of a hidden statistical dependence, and\ngive explicit recipes how to construct corresponding generalizations of master\nequation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Langevin dynamics for ramified structures: We propose a generalized Langevin formalism to describe transport in combs\nand similar ramified structures. Our approach consists of a Langevin equation\nwithout drift for the motion along the backbone. The motion along the secondary\nbranches may be described either by a Langevin equation or by other types of\nrandom processes. The mean square displacement (MSD) along the backbone\ncharacterizes the transport through the ramified structure. We derive a general\nanalytical expression for this observable in terms of the probability\ndistribution function of the motion along the secondary branches. We apply our\nresult to various types of motion along the secondary branches of finite or\ninfinite length, such as subdiffusion, superdiffusion, and Langevin dynamics\nwith colored Gaussian noise and with non-Gaussian white noise. Monte Carlo\nsimulations show excellent agreement with the analytical results. The MSD for\nthe case of Gaussian noise is shown to be independent of the noise color. We\nconclude by generalizing our analytical expression for the MSD to the case\nwhere each secondary branch is $n$ dimensional.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium glassy dynamics of self-propelled hard disks: We analyse the collective dynamics of self-propelled particles in the large\ndensity regime where passive particles undergo a kinetic arrest to an amorphous\nglassy state. We capture the competition between self-propulsion and crowding\neffects using a two-dimensional model of self-propelled hard disks, which we\nstudy using Monte-Carlo simulations. Although the activity drives the system\nfar from equilibrium, self-propelled particles undergo a kinetic arrest, which\nwe characterize in detail and compare with its equilibrium counterpart. In\nparticular, the critical density for dynamic arrest continuously shifts to\nlarger density with increasing activity, and the relaxation time is\nsurprisingly well described by an algebraic divergence resulting from the\nemergence of highly collective dynamics. These results show that dense\nassemblies of active particles undergo a nonequilibrium glass transition which\nis profoundly affected by self-propulsion mechanisms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energetics of a simple microscopic heat engine: We model a microscopic heat engine as a particle hopping on a one-dimensional\nlattice in a periodic sawtooth potential, with or without load, assisted by the\nthermal kicks it gets from alternately placed hot and cold thermal baths. We\nfind analytic expressions for current and rate of heat flow when the engine\noperates at steady state. Three regions are identified where the model acts\neither as a heat engine or as a refrigerator or as neither of the two. At\nquasistatic limit both efficiency of the engine and coefficient of performance\nof the refrigerator go to that for Carnot engine and Carnot refrigerator,\nrespectively. We investigate efficiency of the engine at two operating\nconditions (at maximum power and at optimum value with respect to energy and\ntime) and compare them with those of the endoreversible and Carnot engines.",
        "positive": "Theoretical model of the Leidenfrost temperature: The Leidenfrost effect is a phenomenon in which a liquid, poured onto a\nsurface significantly hotter than the liquid's boiling point, produces a layer\nof vapor that prevents the liquid from rapid evaporation. Rather than making\nphysical contact, a drop of water levitates above the surface. The temperature\nabove which the phenomenon occurs is called the Leidenfrost temperature. The\nreason for the existence of the Leidenfrost temperature, which is much higher\nthan the boiling point of the liquid, is not fully understood and predicted.\nHere we prove that the Leidenfrost temperature corresponds to a bifurcation in\nthe solutions of equations describing evaporation of a nonequilibrium\nliquid-vapor interface. For water, the theoretical values of obtained\nLeidenfrost temperature, and that of the liquid bulk which is smaller than the\nboiling point of liquid, fit the experimental results found in the literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Metastability, nucleation, and noise-enhanced stabilization out of\n  equilibrium: We study metastability and nucleation in a kinetic two-dimensional Ising\nmodel which is driven out of equilibrium by a small random perturbation of the\nusual dynamics at temperature T. We show that, at a mesoscopic/cluster level, a\nnonequilibrium potential describes in a simple way metastable states and their\ndecay. We thus predict noise-enhanced stability of the metastable phase and\nresonant propagation of domain walls at low T. This follows from the nonlinear\ninterplay between thermal and nonequilibrium fluctuations, which induces\nreentrant behavior of the surface tension as a function of T. Our results,\nwhich are confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations, can be also understood in terms\nof a Langevin equation with competing additive and multiplicative noises.",
        "positive": "Zero-temperature TAP equations for the Ghatak-Sherrington model: The zero-temperature TAP equations for the spin-1 Ghatak-Sherrington model\nare investigated. The spin-glass energy density (ground state) is determined as\na function of the anisotropy crystal field $D$ for a large number of spins.\nThis allows us to locate a first-order transition between the spin-glass and\nparamagnetic phases within a good accuracy. The total number of solutions is\nalso determined as a function of $D$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scale-free networks as preasymptotic regimes of superlinear preferential\n  attachment: We study the following paradox associated with networks growing according to\nsuperlinear preferential attachment: superlinear preference cannot produce\nscale-free networks in the thermodynamic limit, but there are superlinearly\ngrowing network models that perfectly match the structure of some real\nscale-free networks, such as the Internet. We obtain an analytic solution,\nsupported by extensive simulations, for the degree distribution in\nsuperlinearly growing networks with arbitrary average degree, and confirm that\nin the true thermodynamic limit these networks are indeed degenerate, i.e.,\nalmost all nodes have low degrees. We then show that superlinear growth has\nvast preasymptotic regimes whose depths depend both on the average degree in\nthe network and on how superlinear the preference kernel is. We demonstrate\nthat a superlinearly growing network model can reproduce, in its preasymptotic\nregime, the structure of a real network, if the model captures some\nsufficiently strong structural constraints -- rich-club connectivity, for\nexample. These findings suggest that real scale-free networks of finite size\nmay exist in preasymptotic regimes of network evolution processes that lead to\ndegenerate network formations in the thermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "Vicious walkers, friendly walkers and Young tableaux III: Between two\n  walls: We derive exact and asymptotic results for the number of star and watermelon\nconfigurations of vicious walkers confined to lie between two impenetrable\nwalls, as well as for the analogous problem for $\\infty$-friendly walkers. Our\nproofs make use of results from symmetric function theory and the theory of\nbasic hypergeometric series."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium fluctuation response relation in a time scale separated\n  system: We present a theoretical framework to analyze the violation of\nfluctuation-response relation (FRR) for any observable from a finite Markov\nsystem with two well-separated time scales. We find that, generally for both\nslow and fast observables, a broad plateau exists in the intermediate frequency\nregion, which contributes to a finite hidden entropy production. Assuming that\nnon-equilibrium behavior arises only from coupling of slow and fast processes,\nwe find that, at large observation time scae, the effective temperature for a\nslow observable deviates only slightly from the bath temperature, accompanied\nby an emerging well-defined effective potential landscape, while the deviation\nis significant for a fast observable. Our study also identifies a wider range\nof applicability of the Harada-Sasa equality in Markov jumping systems.",
        "positive": "Cluster density functional theory for lattice models based on the theory\n  of Mobius functions: Rosenfeld's fundamental measure theory for lattice models is given a rigorous\nformulation in terms of the theory of Mobius functions of partially ordered\nsets. The free-energy density functional is expressed as an expansion in a\nfinite set of lattice clusters. This set is endowed a partial order, so that\nthe coefficients of the cluster expansion are connected to its Mobius function.\nBecause of this, it is rigorously proven that a unique such expansion exists\nfor any lattice model. The low-density analysis of the free-energy functional\nmotivates a redefinition of the basic clusters (zero-dimensional cavities)\nwhich guarantees a correct zero-density limit of the pair and triplet direct\ncorrelation functions. This new definition extends Rosenfeld's theory to\nlattice model with any kind of short-range interaction (repulsive or\nattractive, hard or soft, one- or multi-component...). Finally, a proof is\ngiven that these functionals have a consistent dimensional reduction, i.e. the\nfunctional for dimension d' can be obtained from that for dimension d (d'<d) if\nthe latter is evaluated at a density profile confined to a d'-dimensional\nsubset."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stabilizing Role of Mesoscopic Fluctuations in Spin Systems: The occurrence of mesoscopic fluctuations in statistical systems implies,\nfrom the point of view of dynamical theory, the existence of local\ninstabilities. However, the presence of such fluctuations can make a system, as\na whole, more stable from the thermodynamic point of view. Thus, in many cases,\na local dynamic instability is a requisite for the global thermodynamic\nstability. This idea is illustrated by several spin models.",
        "positive": "Two Dimensional Directed Lattice Walks with Boundaries: We present general algorithms (fully implemented in Maple) for calculations\nof various quantities related to constrained directed walks for a general set\nof steps on the square lattice in two dimensions. As a special case, we\nrederive results of earlier works."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficiency fluctuations in cyclic machines: We study the statistics of the efficiency in a class of isothermal cyclic\nmachines with realistic coupling between the internal degrees of freedom. We\nderive, under fairly general assumptions, the probability distribution function\nfor the efficiency. We find that the macroscopic efficiency is always equal to\nthe most likely efficiency, and it lies in an interval whose boundaries are\nuniversal as they only depend on the input and output thermodynamic forces, and\nnot on the details of the machine. The machine achieves the upper boundary of\nsuch an interval only in the limit of tight coupling. Furthermore, we find that\nthe tight coupling limit is a necessary, yet not sufficient, condition for the\nengine to perform close to the reversible efficiency. The reversible efficiency\nis the least likely regardless of the coupling strength, in agreement with\nprevious studies. By using a large deviation formalism we derive a fluctuation\nrelation for the efficiency which holds for any number of internal degrees of\nfreedom in the system.",
        "positive": "Rederivation of Nernst's equation without any additional assumptions: It is found that without any additional assumptions, Nernst's equation can be\nre-deduced from the experimental data obtained from the thermodynamic systems\nat ultra-low temperatures, and consequently, the physical content included by\nNernst's equation should not be referred to as Nernst's postulate or Nernst's\ntheorem. It should be called the Nernst statement. This discovery will play an\nimportant role in improving the theoretical framework of thermodynamics. It can\neffectively prevent some artificial assumptions into the third law of\nthermodynamics, making which be a true reflection of the objective world. It\nsolves the awkward problem caused by using a thermodynamic theorem as the core\ncontents of a thermodynamic law for over a hundred years."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarse-grained Entanglement and Operator Growth in Anomalous Dynamics: In two-dimensional Floquet systems, many-body localized dynamics in the bulk\nmay give rise to a chaotic evolution at the one-dimensional edges that is\ncharacterized by a nonzero chiral topological index. Such anomalous dynamics is\nqualitatively different from local-Hamiltonian evolution. Here we show how the\npresence of a nonzero index affects entanglement generation and the spreading\nof local operators, focusing on the coarse-grained description of generic\nsystems. We tackle this problem by analyzing exactly solvable models of random\nquantum cellular automata (QCA) which generalize random circuits. We find that\na nonzero index leads to asymmetric butterfly velocities with different\ndiffusive broadening of the light cones, and to a modification of the order\nrelations between the butterfly and entanglement velocities. We propose that\nthese results can be understood via a generalization of the recently-introduced\nentanglement membrane theory, by allowing for a spacetime entropy current,\nwhich in the case of a generic QCA is fixed by the index. We work out the\nimplications of this current on the entanglement \"membrane tension\" and show\nthat the results for random QCA are recovered by identifying the topological\nindex with a background velocity for the coarse-grained entanglement dynamics.",
        "positive": "Transport in quantum chains under strong monitoring: We study the transport properties of quantum 1D systems under strong\nmonitoring. The quantum Zeno effect inhibits transport and induces\nlocalization. Beyond the Zeno freezing and on long time scales, a new dynamics\nemerges in the form of a Markov process. Studying fermionic and bosonic chains\nunder strong monitoring, we are able to identify the quantum origin of the\nclassical exclusion process, inclusion process and a sub-class of the\nmisanthrope process. Moreover, we show that passive monitoring cannot break\ntime-reversal symmetry and that the transport generally loses its ballistic\nnature existing for weak measurements."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization Group Functions for Two-Dimensional Phase Transitions:\n  To the Problem of Singular Contributions: According to the available publications, the field theoretical\nrenormalization group (RG) approach in the two-dimensional case gives the\ncritical exponents that differ from the known exact values. This fact was\nattempted to explain by the existence of nonanalytic contributions in the RG\nfunctions. The situation is analysed in this work using a new algorithm for\nsumming divergent series that makes it possible to analyse dependence of the\nresults for the critical exponents on the expansion coefficients for RG\nfunctions. It has been shown that the exact values of all the exponents can be\nobtained with a reasonable form of the coefficient functions. These functions\nhave small nonmonotonities or inflections, which are poorly reproduced in\nnatural interpolations. It is not necessary to assume the existence of singular\ncontributions in RG functions.",
        "positive": "Justification of Sexual Reproduction by Modified Penna Model of Ageing: We generalize the standard Penna bit-string model of biological ageing by\nassuming that each deleterious mutation diminishes the survival probability in\nevery time interval by a small percentage. This effect is added to the usual\nlethal but age-dependent effect of the same mutation. We then find strong\nadvantages or disadvantages of sexual reproduction (with males and females)\ncompared to asexual cloning, depending on parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free energy surface reconstruction from umbrella samples using Gaussian\n  process regression II: Multiple collective variables: We demonstrate how a prior assumption of smoothness can be used to enhance\nthe reconstruction of free energy profiles from multiple umbrella sampling\nsimulations using the Bayesian Gaussian process regression approach. The method\nwe derive allows the concurrent use of histograms and free energy gradients and\ncan easily be extended to include further data. In Part I we review the\nnecessary theory and test the method for one collective variable. We\ndemonstrate improved performance with respect to the weighted histogram\nanalysis method and obtain meaningful error bars without any significant\nadditional computation. In Part II we consider the case of multiple collective\nvariables and compare to a reconstruction using least squares fitting of radial\nbasis functions. We find substantial improvements in the regimes of spatially\nsparse data or short sampling trajectories. A software implementation is made\navailable on www.libatoms.org.",
        "positive": "Relativistic Gas: Invariant Lorentz Distribution for the velocities: In 1911, J\\\"uttner proposed the generalization, for a relativistic gas, of\nthe Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of velocities. Here we want to discuss,\namong others, J\\\"uttner probability density function (PDF). Both the velocity\nspace and, consequently, the momentum space are not flat in special relativity.\nThe velocity space corresponds to the Lobachevsky one, which has a negative\ncurvature. This curvature induces a specific power for the Lorentz factor in\nthe PDF, affecting J\\\"uttner normalization constant in one, two, and three\ndimensions. Furthermore, J\\\"uttner distribution, written in terms of a more\nconvenient variable, the rapidity, presents a curvature change at the origin at\nsufficiently high energy, which does not agree with our computational dynamics\nsimulations of a relativistic gas. However, in one dimension, the rapidity\nsatisfies a simple additivity law. This allows us to obtain, through the\nCentral Limit Theorem, a new, Lorentz-invariant, PDF whose curvature at the\norigin does not change for any energy value and which agrees with our\ncomputational dynamics simulations data. Also, we perform extensive\nfirst-principle simulations of a one-dimensional relativistic gas constituted\nby light and heavy particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantized Laplacian growth, II: 1D hydrodynamics of the Loewner density: A systematic analytic treatment of fluctuations in Laplacian growth is given.\nThe growth process is regularized by a short-distance cutoff $\\hbar$ preventing\nthe cusps production in a finite time. This regularization mechanism generates\ntiny inevitable fluctuations on a microscale, so that the interface dynamics\nbecomes chaotic. The time evolution of fluctuations can be described by the\nuniversal Dyson Brownian motion, which reduces to the complex viscous Burgers\nequation in the hydrodynamic approximation. Because of the intrinsic\ninstability of the interface dynamics, tiny fluctuations of the interface on a\nmicroscale generate universal patterns with well developed fjords and fingers\nin a long time asymptotic.",
        "positive": "Event-driven Molecular Dynamics of Soft Particles: The dynamics of dissipative soft-sphere gases obeys Newton's equation of\nmotion which are commonly solved numerically by (force-based) Molecular\nDynamics schemes. With the assumption of instantaneous, pairwise collisions,\nthe simulation can be accelerated considerably using event-driven Molecular\nDynamics, where the coefficient of restitution is derived from the interaction\nforce between particles. Recently it was shown, however, that this approach may\nfail dramatically, that is, the obtained trajectories deviate significantly\nfrom the ones predicted by Newton's equations. In this paper, we generalize the\nconcept of the coefficient of restitution and derive a numerical scheme which,\nin the case of dilute systems and frictionless interaction, allows us to\nperform highly efficient event-driven Molecular Dynamics simulations even for\nnon-instantaneous collisions. We show that the particle trajectories predicted\nby the new scheme agree perfectly with the corresponding (force-based)\nMolecular Dynamics, except for a short transient period whose duration\ncorresponds to the duration of the contact. Thus, the new algorithm solves\nNewton's equations of motion like force-based MD while preserving the\nadvantages of event-driven simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modality of Equilibration in Non-equilibrium Systems: An open question in the field of non-equilibrium statistical physics is\nwhether there exists a unique way through which non-equilibrium systems\nequilibrate irrespective of how far they are away from equilibrium. To answer\nthis question we have generated non-equilibrium states of various types of\nsystems by molecular dynamics simulation technique. We have used a statistical\nmethod called system identification technique to understand the dynamical\nprocess of equilibration in reduced dimensional space. In this paper, we have\ntried to establish that the process of equilibration is unique.",
        "positive": "A comparison of extremal optimization with flat-histogram dynamics for\n  finding spin-glass ground states: We compare the performance of extremal optimization (EO), flat-histogram and\nequal-hit algorithms for finding spin-glass ground states. The\nfirst-passage-times to a ground state are computed. At optimal parameter of\ntau=1.15, EO outperforms other methods for small system sizes, but equal-hit\nalgorithm is competitive to EO, particularly for large systems. Flat-histogram\nand equal-hit algorithms offer additional advantage that they can be used for\nequilibrium thermodynamic calculations. We also propose a method to turn EO\ninto a useful algorithm for equilibrium calculations.\n  Keywords: extremal optimization. flat-histogram algorithm, equal-hit\nalgorithm, spin-glass model, ground state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tricritical behaviour in deterministic aperiodic Ising systems: We use a mixed-spin model, with aperiodic ferromagnetic exchange interactions\nand crystalline fields, to investigate the effects of deterministic geometric\nfluctuations on first-order transitions and tricritical phenomena. The\ninteractions and the crystal field parameters are distributed according to some\ntwo-letter substitution rules. From a Migdal-Kadanoff real-space\nrenormalization-group calculation, which turns out to be exact on a suitable\nhierarchical lattice, we show that the effects of aperiodicity are\nqualitatively similar for tricritical and simple critical behaviour. In\nparticular, the fixed point associated with tricritical behaviour becomes fully\nunstable beyond a certain threshold dimension (which depends on the\naperiodicity), and is replaced by a two-cycle that controls a weakened and\ntemperature-depressed tricritical singularity.",
        "positive": "Counting Phases and Faces Using Bayesian Thermodynamic Integration: We introduce a new approach to reconstruction of the thermodynamic functions\nand phase boundaries in two-parametric statistical mechanics systems. Our\nmethod is based on expressing the Fisher metric in terms of the posterior\ndistributions over a space of external parameters and approximating the metric\nfield by a Hessian of a convex function. We use the proposed approach to\naccurately reconstruct the partition functions and phase diagrams of the Ising\nmodel and the exactly solvable non-equilibrium TASEP without any a priori\nknowledge about microscopic rules of the models. We also demonstrate how our\napproach can be used to visualize the latent space of StyleGAN models and\nevaluate the variability of the generated images."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover in density profiles of confined particles in power-law models\n  with finite range of interaction: We consider a classical system of $N$ particles confined in a harmonic trap\nin one dimension. The pairwise interaction potential between two particles\nseparated by a distance $r$ is taken to be power-law form, $ V(r) \\sim 1/r^k$\nknown as Riesz gas. We particularly look at the case where the particles can\ninteract up to $d$ particles to its left and right if any. By tuning the values\nof the parameter $d$, the system can be made from nearest neighbour $(d=1)$ to\nall-to-all $(d=N-1)$ interaction model, however the scaling function changes\ndramatically as $f$ is changed. Previous studies inform that the collective\ntheories and the equilibrium densities are different in the two limits. In this\narticle we study the crossover in density profile by tuning the parameter\n$f(=d/N)$ from $1$ to $0$. We find the system size scaling of the density\nprofile for $f \\neq 0$ to be same as it is in the all-to-all coupling case. We\nhave numerically demonstrated the density-crossover for general $k$ and provide\nour analytical understanding in some special values of $k$ e.g., $k=-1$ and $k\n\\to 0$.",
        "positive": "Renormalisation group determination of the order of the DNA denaturation\n  transition: We report on the nature of the thermal denaturation transition of homogeneous\nDNA as determined from a renormalisation group analysis of the\nPeyrard-Bishop-Dauxois model. Our approach is based on an analogy with the\nphenomenon of critical wetting that goes further than previous qualitative\ncomparisons, and shows that the transition is continuous for the average\nbase-pair separation. However, since the range of universal critical behaviour\nappears to be very narrow, numerically observed denaturation transitions may\nlook first-order, as it has been reported in the literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotic low-temperature behavior of two-dimensional RP$^{N-1}$ models: We investigate the low-temperature behavior of two-dimensional (2D)\nRP$^{N-1}$ models, characterized by a global O($N$) symmetry and a local\n${\\mathbb Z}_2$ symmetry. For $N=3$ we perform large-scale simulations of four\ndifferent 2D lattice models: two standard lattice models and two different\nconstrained models. We also consider a constrained mixed O(3)-RP$^2$ model for\nvalues of the parameters such that vector correlations are always disordered.\nWe find that all these models show the same finite-size scaling (FSS) behavior,\nand therefore belong to the same universality class. However, these FSS curves\ndiffer from those computed in the 2D O(3) $\\sigma$ model, suggesting the\nexistence of a distinct 2D RP$^2$ universality class. We also performed\nsimulations for $N=4$, and the corresponding FSS results also support the\nexistence of an RP$^3$ universality class, different from the O(4) one.",
        "positive": "Spinon excitations in the spin-1 XXZ chain and hidden supersymmetry: We study spinon excitations of the integrable spin-1 (Fateev-Zamolodchikov;\nFZ) chain and their relation to the hidden supersymmetry. Using the notion of\nthe supercharges earlier introduced to the spin chains, which change the system\nlength by one, we found that they nontrivially act on one of two kinds of the\ndegrees of freedom for the FZ chain. Their actions were obtained to be the same\nas those of the supercharges defined on the supersymmetric sine-Gordon model,\nthe low-energy effective field theory of the FZ chain. Moreover, we construct\nthe eigenstates which are invariant under the supersymmetric Hamiltonian given\nas the anti-commutator of the supercharges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conditional entropic approach to nonequilibrium complex systems with\n  weak fluctuation correlation: A conditional entropic approach is discussed for nonequilibrium complex\nsystems with a weak correlation between spatiotemporally fluctuating quantities\non a large time scale. The weak correlation is found to constitute the\nfluctuation distribution that maximizes the entropy associated with the\nconditional fluctuations. The approach is illustrated in diffusion phenomenon\nof proteins inside bacteria. A further possible illustration is also presented\nfor membraneless organelles in embryos and beads in cell extracts, which share\ncommon natures of fluctuations in their diffusion.",
        "positive": "Condensate growth in trapped Bose gases: We study the dynamics of condensate formation in an inhomogeneous trapped\nBose gas with a positive interatomic scattering length. We take into account\nboth the nonequilibrium kinetics of the thermal cloud and the Hartree-Fock\nmean-field effects in the condensed and the noncondensed parts of the gas. Our\ngrowth equations are solved numerically by assuming that the thermal component\nbehaves ergodically and that the condensate, treated within the Thomas-Fermi\napproximation, grows adiabatically. Our simulations are in good qualitative\nagreement with experiment, however important discrepancies concerning details\nof the growth behaviour remain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How to Measure Subdiffusion Parameters: We propose a method to measure the subdiffusion parameter $\\alpha$ and\nsubdiffusion coefficient $D_{\\alpha}$ which are defined by means of the\nrelation $<x^2> =\\frac{2D_\\alpha} {\\Gamma(1+\\alpha)} t^\\alpha$ where $<x^2>$\ndenotes a mean square displacement of a random walker starting from $x=0$ at\nthe initial time $t=0$. The method exploits a membrane system where a substance\nof interest is transported in a solvent from one vessel to another across a\nthin membrane which plays here only an auxiliary role. We experimentally study\na diffusion of glucose and sucrose in a gel solvent, and we precisely determine\nthe parameters $\\alpha$ and $D_{\\alpha}$, using a fully analytic solution of\nthe fractional subdiffusion equation.",
        "positive": "Universality of entanglement transitions from stroboscopic to continuous\n  measurements: Measurement-driven transitions between extensive and sub-extensive scaling of\nthe entanglement entropy receive interest as they illuminate the intricate\nphysics of thermalization and control in open interacting quantum systems.\nWhilst this transition is well established for stroboscopic measurements in\nrandom quantum circuits, a crucial link to physical settings is its extension\nto continuous observations, where for an integrable model it has been shown\nthat the transition changes its nature and becomes immediate. Here, we\ndemonstrate that the entanglement transition at finite coupling persists if the\ncontinuously measured system is randomly nonintegrable, and show that it is\nsmoothly connected to the transition in the stroboscopic models. This provides\na bridge between a wide range of experimental settings and the wealth of\nknowledge accumulated for the latter systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise induced rupture process: Phase boundary and scaling of waiting\n  time distribution: A bundle of fibers has been considered here as a model for composite\nmaterials, where breaking of the fibers occur due to a combined influence of\napplied load (stress) and external noise. Through numerical simulation and a\nmean-field calculation we show that there exists a robust phase boundary\nbetween continuous (no waiting time) and intermittent fracturing regimes. In\nthe intermittent regime, throughout the entire rupture process avalanches of\ndifferent sizes are produced and there is a waiting time between two\nconsecutive avalanches. The statistics of waiting times follows a Gamma\ndistribution and the avalanche distribution shows power law scaling, similar to\nwhat have been observed in case of earthquake events and bursts in fracture\nexperiments. We propose a prediction scheme that can tell when the system is\nexpected to reach the continuous fracturing point from the intermittent phase.",
        "positive": "Entanglement versus mutual information in quantum spin chains: The quantum entanglement $E$ of a bipartite quantum Ising chain is compared\nwith the mutual information $I$ between the two parts after a local measurement\nof the classical spin configuration. As the model is conformally invariant, the\nentanglement measured in its ground state at the critical point is known to\nobey a certain scaling form. Surprisingly, the mutual information of classical\nspin configurations is found to obey the same scaling form, although with a\ndifferent prefactor. Moreover, we find that mutual information and the\nentanglement obey the inequality $I\\leq E$ in the ground state as well as in a\ndynamically evolving situation. This inequality holds for general bipartite\nsystems in a pure state and can be proven using similar techniques as for\nHolevo's bound."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractal analysis of Earthquakes in Central Alborz, Iran; A\n  phenomenological self-organized critical Model: This paper is devoted to a phenomenological study of the earthquakes in\ncentral Alborz, Iran. Using three observational quantities, namely weight\nfunction, quality factor, and velocity model in this region, we develop a\nphenomenological dissipative sandpile-like model which captures the main\nfeatures of the system, especially the average activity field over the region\nof study. The model is based on external stimuli, the location of which are\nchosen (\\textbf{I}) randomly, (\\textbf{II}) on the faults, (\\textbf{III}) on\nthe highly active points in the region. We analyze all these cases and show\nsome universal behaviors of the system depending slightly on the method of\nexternal stimuli. The multi-fractal analysis is exploited to extract the\nspectrum of the Hurst exponent of time series obtained by each of these\nschemes. Although the average Hurst exponent depends on the method of stimuli\n(the three cases mentioned above), we numerically show that in all cases it is\nlower than $0.5$, reflecting the anti-correlated nature of the system. The\nlowest average Hurst exponent is for the case (\\textbf{III}), in such a way\nthat the more active the stimulated sites are the lower the value for the\naverage Hurst exponent is obtained, i.e. the larger earthquakes are more\nanticorrelated. However, the different activity fields in this study provide\nthe depth of the basement, the depth variation (topography) of the basement,\nand an area that can be the location of the future probability event.",
        "positive": "The Structure of Physical Crystalline Membranes within the\n  Self-Consistent Screening Approximation: The anomalous exponents governing the long wavelength behavior of the flat\nphase of physical crystalline membranes are calculated within a self-consistent\nscreening approximation (SCSA) applied to second order expansion in 1/d_C (d_C\nis the co-dimension), extending the seminal work of Le Doussal and Radzihovsky\n[Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1209 (1992)]. In particular, the bending rigidity is\nfound to harden algebraically in the long wavelength limit with an exponent\neta=0.789..., which is used to extract the elasticity softening exponent\neta_u=0.422..., and the roughness exponent zeta=0.605.... The scaling relation\neta_u=2-2eta is proven to hold to all orders in SCSA. Further, applying the\nSCSA to an expansion in 1/d_C, is found to be essential, as no solution to the\nself-consistent equations is found in a two bubble level, which is the naive\nsecond order expansion. Surprisingly, even though the expansion parameter for\nphysical membrane is 1/d_C=1, the SCSA applied to second order expansion\ndeviates only slightly from the first order, increasing zeta by mere 0.016.\nThis supports the high quality of the SCSA for physical crystalline membranes,\nas well as improves the comparison to experiments and numerical simulations of\nthese systems. The prediction of SCSA applied to first order expansion for the\nPoisson ratio is shown to be exact to all orders."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relevant Analytic Spontaneous Magnetization Relation for the\n  Face-Centered-Cubic Ising Lattice: The relevant approximate spontaneous magnetization relations for the\nsimple-cubic and body-centered-cubic Ising lattices have recently been obtained\nanalytically by a novel approach that conflates the Callen--Suzuki identity\nwith a heuristic odd-spin correlation magnetization relation. By exploiting\nthis approach, we study an approximate analytic spontaneous magnetization\nexpression for the face-centered-cubic Ising lattice. We report that the\nresults of the analytic relation obtained in this work are nearly consistent\nwith those derived from the Monte Carlo simulation.",
        "positive": "Machine Learned Phase Transitions in a System of Anisotropic Particles\n  on a Square Lattice: The area of Machine learning (ML) has seen exceptional growth in recent\nyears. Successful implementation of ML methods in various branches of physics\nhas led to new insights. These methods have been shown to classify phases in\ncondensed matter systems. Here we study the classification problem of phases in\na system of hard rigid rods on a square lattice around a continuous and a\ndiscontinuous phase transition. On comparing a number of methods we find that\nconvolutional neural network (CNN) classifies the phases with the highest\naccuracy when only snapshots are given as inputs. We study how the system size\naffects the model performance. We further compare the performance of CNN in\nclassifying the phases around a continuous and a discontinuous phase\ntransition. Further, we show that one can even beat the accuracy of CNN with\nsimpler models by using physics-guided features. Lastly, we show that the\ncritical point in this system can be learned without any prior estimate by\nusing only the information of the ordered phase (as training set). Our study\nreveals the ML techniques that have been successful in studying spin systems\ncan be easily adapted to more complex systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Single File Diffusion of particles with long ranged interactions:\n  damping and finite size effects: We study the Single File Diffusion (SFD) of a cyclic chain of particles that\ncannot cross each other, in a thermal bath, with long ranged interactions, and\narbitrary damping. We present simulations that exhibit new behaviors\nspecifically associated to systems of small number of particles and to small\ndamping. In order to understand those results, we present an original analysis\nbased on the decomposition of the particles motion in the normal modes of the\nchain. Our model explains all dynamic regimes observed in our simulations, and\nprovides convincing estimates of the crossover times between those regimes.",
        "positive": "An Ising spin - S model on generalized recursive lattice: The Ising spin - S model on recursive p - polygonal structures in the\nexternal magnetic field is considered and the general form of the free energy\nand magnetization for arbitrary spin is derived. The exact relation between the\nfree energies on infinite entire tree and on its infinite \"interior\" is\nobtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Fortuin-Kasteleyn and Damage Spreading transitions in Random bond\n  Ising lattices: The Fortuin-Kasteleyn and heat-bath damage spreading temperatures T_{FK}(p)\nand T_{ds}(p) are studied on random bond Ising models of dimension two to five\nand as functions of the ferromagnetic interaction probability p; the conjecture\nthat T_{ds}(p) ~ T_{FK}(p) is tested. It follows from a statement by Nishimori\nthat in any such system exact coordinates can be given for the intersection\npoint between the Fortuin-Kasteleyn T_{FK}(p) transition line and the Nishimori\nline, [p_{NL,FK},T_{NL,FK}]. There are no finite size corrections for this\nintersection point. In dimension three, at the intersection concentration\n[p_{NL,FK}] the damage spreading T_{ds}(p) is found to be equal to T_{FK}(p) to\nwithin 0.1%. For the other dimensions however T_{ds}(p) is observed to be\nsystematically a few percent lower than T_{FK}(p).",
        "positive": "Comment on ''Measurement of Effective Temperatures in an Aging Colloidal\n  Glass'': We measure the fluctuations of the position of a silica bead trapped by an\noptical tweezers during the aging of a Laponite suspension. We find that the\neffective temperature is equal to the bath temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Competitive random sequential adsorption of point and fixed-sized\n  particles: analytical results: We study the kinetics of competitive random sequential adsorption (RSA) of\nparticles of binary mixture of points and fixed-sized particles within the\nmean-field approach. The present work is a generalization of the random car\nparking problem in the sense that it considers the case when either a car of\nfixed size is parked with probability q or the parking space is partitioned\ninto two smaller spaces with probability (1-q) at each time event. This allows\nan interesting interplay between the classical RSA problem at one extreme\n(q=1), and the kinetics of fragmentation processes at the other extreme (q=0).\nWe present exact analytical results for coverage for a whole range of q values,\nand physical explanations are given for different aspects of the problem. In\naddition, a comprehensive account of the scaling theory, emphasizing on\ndimensional analysis, is presented, and the exact expression for the scaling\nfunction and exponents are obtained.",
        "positive": "Stability and phase coherence of trapped 1D Bose gases: We discuss stability and phase coherence of 1D trapped Bose gases and find\nthat inelastic decay processes, such as 3-body recombination, are suppressed in\nthe strongly interacting (Tonks-Girardeau) and intermediate regimes. This is\npromising for achieving these regimes with a large number of particles.\n\"Fermionization\" of the system reduces the phase coherence length, and at T=0\nthe gas is fully phase coherent only deeply in the weakly interacting\n(Gross-Pitaevskii) regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamics of the interacting Bose gas in the Quantum Newton Cradle\n  setup: Describing and understanding the motion of quantum gases out of equilibrium\nis one of the most important modern challenges for theorists. In the\ngroundbreaking Quantum Newton Cradle experiment [Kinoshita, Wenger and Weiss,\nNature 440, 900, 2006], quasi-one-dimensional cold atom gases were observed\nwith unprecedented accuracy, providing impetus for many developments on the\neffects of low dimensionality in out-of-equilibrium physics. But it is only\nrecently that the theory of generalized hydrodynamics has provided the adequate\ntools for a numerically efficient description. Using it, we give a complete\nnumerical study of the time evolution of an ultracold atomic gas in this setup,\nin an interacting parameter regime close to that of the original experiment. We\nevaluate the full evolving phase-space distribution of particles. We simulate\noscillations due to the harmonic trap, the collision of clouds without\nthermalization, and observe a small elongation of the actual oscillation period\nand cloud deformations due to many-body dephasing. We also analyze the effects\nof weak anharmonicity. In the experiment, measurements are made after release\nfrom the one-dimensional trap. We evaluate the gas density curves after such a\nrelease, characterizing the actual time necessary for reaching the asymptotic\nstate where the integrable quasi-particle momentum distribution function\nemerges.",
        "positive": "Active hydrodynamics of synchronization and ordering in moving\n  oscillators: The nature of emergent collective behaviors of moving physical agents\ninteracting with their neighborhood is a long-standing open issue in physical\nand biological systems alike. This calls for studies on the control of\nsynchronization and the degree of order in a collection of diffusively moving\nnoisy oscillators. We address this by constructing a generic hydrodynamic\ntheory for active phase fluctuations in a collection of large number of nearly\nphase-coherent moving oscillators in two dimensions. Our theory describes the\ngeneral situation where phase fluctuations and oscillator mobility mutually\naffect each other. We show that the interplay between the active effects and\nthe mobility of the oscillators leads to a variety of phenomena, ranging from\nsynchronization with long range, nearly long range and quasi long range orders\nto instabilities and desynchronization with short range order of the oscillator\nphases. We highlight the complex dependences of synchronization on the active\neffects. These should be testable in wide ranging systems, e.g., oscillating\nchemical reactions in the presence of different reaction\ninhibitors/facilitators, live oriented cytoskeletal extracts, or vertebrate\nsegmentation clocks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin-1/2 isotropic XY chain with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in\n  random lorentzian transverse field: The exact results for thermodynamical properties of one-dimensional spin-1/2\nisotropic XY model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in random lorentzian\ntransverse field are obtained. This permits to discuss some approximate methods\nof disordered spin systems theory. The approximate scheme of examining the\nthermodynamics of one-dimensional spin-1/2 XXZ Heisenberg model with\nDzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in random lorentzian field is suggested.",
        "positive": "Microcanonical Analysis of Exactness of the Mean-Field Theory in\n  Long-Range Interacting Systems: Classical spin systems with nonadditive long-range interactions are studied\nin the microcanonical ensemble. It is expected that the entropy of such a\nsystem is identical to that of the corresponding mean-field model, which is\ncalled \"exactness of the mean-field theory\". It is found out that this\nexpectation is not necessarily true if the microcanonical ensemble is not\nequivalent to the canonical ensemble in the mean-field model. Moreover,\nnecessary and sufficient conditions for exactness of the mean-field theory are\nobtained. These conditions are investigated for two concrete models, the\n\\alpha-Potts model with annealed vacancies and the \\alpha-Potts model with\ninvisible states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement and matrix elements of observables in interacting\n  integrable systems: We study the bipartite von Neumann entanglement entropy and matrix elements\nof local operators in the eigenstates of an interacting integrable Hamiltonian\n(the paradigmatic spin-1/2 XXZ chain), and we contrast their behavior with that\nof quantum chaotic systems. We find that the leading term of the average (over\nall eigenstates in the zero magnetization sector) eigenstate entanglement\nentropy has a volume-law coefficient that is smaller than the universal\n(maximal entanglement) one in quantum chaotic systems. This establishes the\nentanglement entropy as a powerful measure to distinguish integrable models\nfrom generic ones. Remarkably, our numerical results suggest that the\nvolume-law coefficient of the average entanglement entropy of eigenstates of\nthe spin-1/2 XXZ Hamiltonian is very close to, or the same as, the one for\ntranslationally invariant quadratic fermionic models. We also study matrix\nelements of local operators in the eigenstates of the spin-1/2 XXZ Hamiltonian\nat the center of the spectrum. For the diagonal matrix elements, we show\nevidence that the support does not vanish with increasing system size, while\nthe average eigenstate-to-eigenstate fluctuations vanish in a power-law\nfashion. For the off-diagonal matrix elements, we show that they follow a\ndistribution that is close to (but not quite) log-normal, and that their\nvariance is a well-defined function of $\\omega=E_{\\alpha}-E_{\\beta}$\n($\\{E_{\\alpha}\\}$ are the eigenenergies) proportional to $1/D$, where $D$ is\nthe Hilbert space dimension.",
        "positive": "Local scale-invariances in the bosonic contact and pair-contact\n  processes: Local scale-invariance for ageing systems without detailed balance is tested\nthrough studying the dynamical symmetries of the critical bosonic contact\nprocess and the critical bosonic pair-contact process.Their field-theoretical\nactions can be split into a Schr\\\"odinger-invariant term and a pure noise term.\nIt is shown that the two-time response and correlation functions are reducible\nto certain multipoint response functions which depend only on the\nSchr\\\"odinger-invariant part of the action. For the bosonic contact process,\nthe representation of the Schr\\\"odinger group can be derived from the free\ndiffusion equation, whereas for the bosonic pair-contact process, a new\nrepresentation of the Schr\\\"odinger group related to a non-linear Schr\\\"odinger\nequation with dimensionful couplings is constructed. The resulting predictions\nof local scale-invariance for the two-time responses and correlators are\ncompletely consistent with the exactly-known results in both models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A novel approach to synchronization in coupled excitable systems: We consider networks of coupled stochastic oscillators. When coupled we find\nstrong collective oscillations, while each unit remains stochastic. In the\nlimit (N\\to \\infty) we derive a system of integro-delay equations and show\nanalytically that the collective oscillations persist in a large region in\nparameter. For a regular topology with \\emph{few} connections between the\noscillators, islands of coherent oscillations are formed, which merge as the\namount of topological disorder increases. We link this transition to typical\nnetwork quantities in the framework of small-world networks.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions and ordering structures of a model of chiral\n  helimagnet in three dimensions: Phase transitions in a classical Heisenberg spin model of a chiral helimagnet\nwith the Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya (DM) interaction in three dimensions are\nnumerically studied. By using the event-chain Monte Carlo algorithm recently\ndeveloped for particle and continuous spin systems, we perform equilibrium\nMonte Carlo simulations for large systems up to about $10^6$ spins. Without\nmagnetic fields, the system undergoes a continuous phase transition with\ncritical exponents of the three-dimensional \\textit{XY} model, and a uniaxial\nperiodic helical structure emerges in the low temperature region. In the\npresence of a magnetic field perpendicular to the axis of the helical\nstructure, it is found that there exists a critical point on the temperature\nand magnetic-field phase diagram and that above the critical point the system\nexhibits a phase transition with strong divergence of the specific heat and the\nuniform magnetic susceptibility."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-universal behavior of helicity modulus in a dense defect system: Extensive Monte Carlo simulation has been performed on a 2D modified XY model\nwhich behaves like a dense defect system. Topological defects are shown to\nintroduce disorders in the system which makes the helicity modulus jump\nnon-universal. The results corroborate the experimental observation of\nnon-universal jump of the superconducting density in high-$T_c$ superconducting\nfilms.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo study of the XY-model on Sierpinski gasket: We have performed a Monte Carlo study of the classical XY-model on\ntwo-dimensional Sierpinski gaskets of several cluster sizes. From the\ndependence of the helicity modulus on the cluster size we conclude that there\nis no phase transition in this system at a finite temperature. This is in\nagreement with previous findings for the harmonic approximation to the XY-model\non Sierpinski gasket and is analogous to the absence of finite temperature\nphase transition for the Ising model on fractals with a finite order of\nramification."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Amplitude and Frequency Spectrum of Thermal Fluctuations of A\n  Translocating RNA Molecule: Using a combination of theory and computer simulations, we study the\ntranslocation of an RNA molecule, pulled through a solid-state nanopore by an\noptical tweezer, as a method to determine its secondary structure. The\nresolution with which the elements of the secondary structure can be determined\nis limited by thermal fluctuations. We present a detailed study of these\nthermal fluctuations, including the frequency spectrum, and show that these\nrule out single-nucleotide resolution under the experimental conditions which\nwe simulated. Two possible ways to improve this resolution are strong\nstretching of the RNA with a back-pulling voltage across the membrane, and\nstiffening of the translocated part of the RNA by biochemical means.",
        "positive": "Zero-Temperature Freezing in Three-Dimensional Kinetic Ising Model: We investigate the long-time properties of the Ising-Glauber model on a\nperiodic cubic lattice after a quench to zero temperature. In contrast to the\nconventional picture from phase-ordering kinetics, we find: (i) Domains at long\ntime are highly interpenetrating and topologically complex, with average genus\ngrowing algebraically with system size. (ii) The long-time state is almost\nnever static, but rather contains \"blinker\" spins that can flip ad infinitum\nwith no energy cost. (iii) The energy relaxation has a complex time dependence\nwith multiple characteristic time scales, the longest of which grows\nexponentially with system size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling Analysis and Systematic Extraction of Macroscopic Structures in\n  Fluctuating Systems of Arbitrary Dimensions: Many fluctuating systems consist of macroscopic structures in addition to\nnoisy signals. Thus, for this class of fluctuating systems, the scaling\nbehaviors are very complicated. Such phenomena are quite commonly observed in\nNature, ranging from physics, chemistry, geophysics, even to molecular biology\nand physiology. In this paper, we take an extensive analytical study on the\n``generalized detrended fluctuation analysis'' method. For continuous\nfluctuating systems in arbitrary dimensions, we not only derive the explicit\nand exact expression of macroscopic structures, but also obtain the exact\nrelations between the detrended variance functions and the correlation\nfunction. Besides, we undertake a general scaling analysis, applicable for this\nclass of fluctuating systems in any dimensions. Finally, as an application, we\ndiscuss some important examples in interfacial superroughening phenomena.",
        "positive": "Emergence of Sinai Physics in the stochastic motion of passive and\n  active particles: A particle that is immersed in a uniform temperature bath performs Brownian\ndiffusion, as discussed by Einstein. But Sinai has realized that in a \"random\nenvironment\" the diffusion is suppressed. Follow-up works have pointed out that\nin the presence of bias $f$ there are delocalization and sliding transitions,\nwith threshold value $f_c$ that depends on the disorder strength. We discuss in\na critical way the emergence of Sinai physics for both passive and active\nBrownian particles. Tight-binding and Fokker-Planck versions of the model are\naddressed on equal footing. We assume that the transition rates between sites\nare enhanced either due to a driving mechanism or due to self-propulsion\nmechanism that are induced by an irradiation source. Consequently, counter\nintuitively, the dynamics becomes sub-diffusive and the relaxation modes become\nover-damped. For a finite system, spontaneous delocalization may arise, due to\nresidual bias that is induced by the irradiation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Temperature of a Trapped Bose Gas: Mean-Field Theory and\n  Fluctuations: We investigate the possibilities of distinguishing the mean-field and\nfluctuation effects on the critical temperature of a trapped Bose gas with\nrepulsive interatomic interactions. Since in a direct measurement of the\ncritical temperature as a function of the number of trapped atoms these effects\nare small compared to the ideal gas results, we propose to observe\nBose-Einstein condensation by adiabatically ramping down the trapping\nfrequency. Moreover, analyzing this adiabatic cooling scheme, we show that\nfluctuation effects can lead to the formation of a Bose condensate at\nfrequencies which are much larger than those predicted by the mean-field\ntheory.",
        "positive": "Ballistic front dynamics after joining two semi-infinite quantum Ising\n  chains: We consider two semi-infinite quantum Ising chains initially at thermal\nequilibrium at two different temperatures and subsequently joined by an\ninteraction between their end points. Transport properties such as the heat\ncurrent are determined by the dynamics of the left- and right-moving fermionic\nquasi-particles which characterize the ensuing unitary dynamics. Within the\nso-called semi-classical space-time scaling limit we extend known results by\ndetermining the full space and time dependence of the density and current of\nenergy and of fermionic quasi-particles. Upon approaching the edge of the\npropagating front, these quantities as well as the two-point correlation\nfunction display qualitatively different behaviors depending on the transverse\nfield of the chain being critical or not. While in the latter case corrections\nto the leading behavior are described, as expected, by the Airy kernel, in the\nformer a novel scaling form emerges with universal features."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization in Weighted Uncorrelated Complex Networks in a Noisy\n  Environment: Optimization and Connections with Transport Efficiency: Motivated by synchronization problems in noisy environments, we study the\nEdwards-Wilkinson process on weighted uncorrelated scale-free networks. We\nconsider a specific form of the weights, where the strength (and the associated\ncost) of a link is proportional to $(k_{i}k_{j})^{\\beta}$ with $k_{i}$ and\n$k_{j}$ being the degrees of the nodes connected by the link. Subject to the\nconstraint that the total network cost is fixed, we find that in the mean-field\napproximation on uncorrelated scale-free graphs, synchronization is optimal at\n$\\beta^{*}$$=$-1. Numerical results, based on exact numerical diagonalization\nof the corresponding network Laplacian, confirm the mean-field results, with\nsmall corrections to the optimal value of $\\beta^{*}$. Employing our recent\nconnections between the Edwards-Wilkinson process and resistor networks, and\nsome well-known connections between random walks and resistor networks, we also\npursue a naturally related problem of optimizing performance in queue-limited\ncommunication networks utilizing local weighted routing schemes.",
        "positive": "Power injected in a granular gas: A granular gas may be modeled as a set of hard-spheres undergoing inelastic\ncollisions; its microscopic dynamics is thus strongly irreversible. As pointed\nout in several experimental works bearing on turbulent flows or granular\nmaterials, the power injected in a dissipative system to sustain a steady-state\nover an asymptotically large time window is a central observable. We describe\nan analytic approach allowing us to determine the full distribution of the\npower injected in a granular gas within a steady-state resulting from\nsubjecting each particle independently either to a random force (stochastic\nthermostat) or to a deterministic force proportional to its velocity (Gaussian\nthermostat). We provide an analysis of our results in the light of the\nrelevance, for other types of systems, of the injected power to fluctuation\nrelations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deterministic inhomogeneous inertia ratchets: We study the deterministic dynamics of a periodically driven particle in the\nunderdamped case in a spatially symmetric periodic potential. The system is\nsubjected to a space-dependent friction coefficient, which is similarly\nperiodic as the potential but with a phase difference. We observe that\nfrictional inhomogeneity in a symmetric periodic potential mimics most of the\nqualitative features of deterministic dynamics in a homogeneous system with an\nasymmetric periodic potential. We point out the need of averaging over the\ninitial phase of the external drive at small frictional inhomogeneity parameter\nvalues or analogously low potential asymmetry regimes in obtaining ratchet\ncurrent. We also show that at low amplitudes of the drive, where ratchet\ncurrent is not possible in the deterministic case, noise plays a significant\nrole in realizing ratchet current.",
        "positive": "Stochastic dynamics without detailed balance condition connecting simple\n  gradient method and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo: Sampling occupies an important position in theories of various scientific\nfields, and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) provides the most common technique\nof sampling. In the progress of MCMC, a huge number of studies have aimed the\nacceleration of convergence to the target distribution. Hamiltonian Monte Carlo\n(HMC) is such a variant of MCMC. In the recent development of MCMC, another\napproach based on the violation of the detailed balance condition has attracted\nmuch attention. Historically, these two approaches have been proposed\nindependently, and their relationship has not been clearly understood. In this\npaper, the two approaches are seamlessly understood in the framework of\ngeneralized Monte Carlo method that violates the detailed balance condition.\nFurthermore we propose an efficient Monte Carlo method based on our framework."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discreteness-Induced Criticality in Random Catalytic Reaction Networks: Universal intermittent dynamics in a random catalytic reaction network,\ninduced by smallness in the molecule number is reported. Stochastic simulations\nfor a random catalytic reaction network subject to a flow of chemicals show\nthat the system undergoes a transition from a stationary to an intermittent\nreaction phase when the flow rate is decreased. In the intermittent reaction\nphase, two temporal regimes with active and halted reactions alternate. The\nnumber frequency of reaction events at each active regime and its duration time\nare shown to obey a universal power laws with the exponents 4/3 and 3/2,\nrespectively. These power laws are explained by a one-dimensional random walk\nrepresentation of the number of catalytically active chemicals. Possible\nrelevance of the result to intra-cellular reaction dynamics is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Mean-field analysis of the majority-vote model broken-ergodicity steady\n  state: We study analytically a variant of the one-dimensional majority-vote model in\nwhich the individual retains its opinion in case there is a tie among the\nneighbors' opinions. The individuals are fixed in the sites of a ring of size\n$L$ and can interact with their nearest neighbors only. The interesting feature\nof this model is that it exhibits an infinity of spatially heterogeneous\nabsorbing configurations for $L \\to \\infty$ whose statistical properties we\nprobe analytically using a mean-field framework based on the decomposition of\nthe $L$-site joint probability distribution into the $n$-contiguous-site joint\ndistributions, the so-called $n$-site approximation. To describe the\nbroken-ergodicity steady state of the model we solve analytically the\nmean-field dynamic equations for arbitrary time $t$ in the cases n=3 and 4. The\nasymptotic limit $t \\to \\infty$ reveals the mapping between the statistical\nproperties of the random initial configurations and those of the final\nabsorbing configurations. For the pair approximation ($n=2$) we derive that\nmapping using a trick that avoids solving the full dynamics. Most remarkably,\nwe find that the predictions of the 4-site approximation reduce to those of the\n3-site in the case of expectations involving three contiguous sites. In\naddition, those expectations fit the Monte Carlo data perfectly and so we\nconjecture that they are in fact the exact expectations for the one-dimensional\nmajority-vote model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wilson-like real-space renormalization group and low-energy effective\n  spectrum of the XXZ chain in the critical regime: We present a novel real-space renormalization group(RG) for the\none-dimensional XXZ model in the critical regime, reconsidering the role of the\ncut-off parameter in Wilson's RG for the Kondo impurity problem. We then\ndemonstrate the RG calculation for the XXZ chain with the free boundary.\nComparing the hierarchical structure of the obtained low-energy spectrum with\nthe Bethe ansatz result, we find that the proper scaling dimension is\nreproduced as a fixed point of the RG transformation.",
        "positive": "Calculation of critical exponents on fractal lattice Ising model by\n  higher-order tensor renormalization group method: The critical behavior of the Ising model on a fractal lattice, which has the\nHausdorff dimension $\\log_{4} 12 \\approx 1.792$, is investigated using a\nmodified higher-order tensor renormalization group algorithm supplemented with\nautomatic differentiation to compute relevant derivatives efficiently and\naccurately. The complete set of critical exponents characteristic of a\nsecond-order phase transition was obtained. Correlations near the critical\ntemperature were analyzed through two impurity tensors inserted into the\nsystem, which allowed us to obtain the correlation lengths and calculate the\ncritical exponent $\\nu$. The critical exponent $\\alpha$ was found to be\nnegative, consistent with the observation that the specific heat does not\ndiverge at the critical temperature. The extracted exponents satisfy the known\nrelations given by various scaling assumptions within reasonable accuracy.\nPerhaps most interestingly, the hyperscaling relation, which contains the\nspatial dimension, is satisfied very well, assuming the Hausdorff dimension\ntakes the place of the spatial dimension. Moreover, using automatic\ndifferentiation, we have extracted four critical exponents ($\\alpha$, $\\beta$,\n$\\gamma$, and $\\delta$) globally by differentiating the free energy.\nSurprisingly, the global exponents differ from those obtained locally by the\ntechnique of the impurity tensors; however, the scaling relations remain\nsatisfied even in the case of the global exponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum mechanics as an approximation of statistical mechanics for\n  classical fields: We show that, in spite of a rather common opinion, quantum mechanics can be\nrepresented as an approximation of classical statistical mechanics. The\napproximation under consideration is based on the ordinary Taylor expansion of\nphysical variables. The quantum contribution is given by the term of the second\norder. To escape technical difficulties, we start with the finite dimensional\nquantum mechanics. In our approach quantum mechanics is an approximative\ntheory. It predicts statistical averages only with some precision. In\nprinciple, there might be found deviations of averages calculated within the\nquantum formalism from experimental averages (which are supposed to be equal to\nclassical averages given by our model).",
        "positive": "Influence of the interaction range on the thermostatistics of a\n  classical many-body system: We numerically study a one-dimensional system of $N$ classical localized\nplanar rotators coupled through interactions which decay with distance as\n$1/r^\\alpha$ ($\\alpha \\ge 0$). The approach is a first principle one\n(\\textit{i.e.}, based on Newton's law), and yields the probability distribution\nof momenta. For $\\alpha$ large enough and $N\\gg1$ we observe, for longstanding\nstates, the Maxwellian distribution, landmark of Boltzmann-Gibbs\nthermostatistics. But, for $\\alpha$ small or comparable to unity, we observe\ninstead robust fat-tailed distributions that are quite well fitted with\n$q$-Gaussians. These distributions extremize, under appropriate simple\nconstraints, the nonadditive entropy $S_q$ upon which nonextensive statistical\nmechanics is based. The whole scenario appears to be consistent with\nnonergodicity and with the thesis of the $q$-generalized Central Limit Theorem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Perturbation spreading in many-particle systems: a random walk approach: The propagation of an initially localized perturbation via an interacting\nmany-particle Hamiltonian dynamics is investigated. We argue that the\npropagation of the perturbation can be captured by the use of a continuous-time\nrandom walk where a single particle is traveling through an active, fluctuating\nmedium. Employing two archetype ergodic many-particle systems, namely (i) a\nhard-point gas composed of two unequal masses and (ii) a Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chain\nwe demonstrate that the corresponding perturbation profiles coincide with the\ndiffusion profiles of the single-particle L\\'{e}vy walk approach. The\nparameters of the random walk can be related through elementary algebraic\nexpressions to the physical parameters of the corresponding test many-body\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium distribution and diffusion of mixed hydrogen-methane gas in\n  gravity field: Repurposing existing natural gas pipelines is a promising solution for\nlarge-scale transportation of mixed hydrogen-methane gas. However, it remains\ndebatable whether gravitational stratification can notably affect hydrogen\npartial pressure in the gas mixture. To address this issue, we combined\nmolecular dynamics simulation with thermodynamic and diffusion theories. Our\nstudy systematically examined the equilibrium distribution of hydrogen-methane\nmixtures in gravity fields. We demonstrated that partial pressures of both\ngases decrease with altitude, with hydrogen showing slower decrease due to its\nsmaller molar mass. As a result, the volume fraction of hydrogen is maximized\nat the top end of pipes. The stratification is more favorable at low\ntemperature and large altitude drops, with notable gas stratification only\noccurring at extremely large drops in altitude, being generally negligible even\nat a drop of 1500 m. Furthermore, we showed that the diffusion time required to\nachieve the equilibrium distribution is proportional to gas pressure and the\nsquare of pipeline height. This requires approximately 300 years for a 1500 m\npipeline at 1 bar. Therefore, temporary interruptions in pipeline gas\ntransportation will not cause visible stratification. Our work clarifies the\neffect of gravity on hydrogen-methane gas mixtures and provides quantitative\ninsights into assessing the stratification of gas mixtures in pipelines."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An adaptive smoothing method for traffic state identification from\n  incomplete information: We present a new method to obtain spatio-temporal information from aggregated\ndata of stationary traffic detectors, the ``adaptive smoothing method''. In\nessential, a nonlinear spatio-temporal lowpass filter is applied to the input\ndetector data. This filter exploits the fact that, in congested traffic,\nperturbations travel upstream at a constant speed, while in free traffic,\ninformation propagates downstream. As a result, one obtains velocity, flow, or\nother traffic variables as smooth functions of space and time. Applications\ninclude traffic-state visualization, reconstruction of traffic situations from\nincomplete information, fast identification of traffic breakdowns (e.g., in\nincident detection), and experimental verification of traffic models.\n  We apply the adaptive smoothing method to observed congestion patterns on\nseveral German freeways. It manages to make sense out of data where\nconventional visualization techniques fail. By ignoring up to 65% of the\ndetectors and applying the method to the reduced data set, we show that the\nresults are robust. The method works well if the distances between neighbouring\ndetector cross sections do not exceed 3 km.",
        "positive": "Equilibration of Quasi-Integrable Systems: We study the slow relaxation of isolated quasi-integrable systems, focusing\non the classical problem of Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPU) chain. It is\nwell-known that the initial energy sharing between different linear-modes can\nbe inferred by the integrable Toda chain. Using numerical simulations, we show\nexplicitly how the relaxation of the FPU chain toward equilibration is\ndetermined by a slow drift within the space of Toda's integrals of motion. We\nanalyze the whole spectrum of Toda-modes and show how they dictate, via a\nGeneralized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE), the quasi-static states along the FPU\nevolution. This picture is employed to devise a fast numerical integration,\nwhich can be generalized to other quasi-integrable models. In addition, the GGE\ndescription leads to a fluctuation theorem, describing the large deviations as\nthe system flows in the entropy landscape."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase changes in selected Lennard-Jones X_{13-n}Y_n clusters: Detailed studies of the thermodynamic properties of selected binary\nLennard-Jones clusters of the type X_{13-n}Y_n (where n=1,2,3) are presented.\nThe total energy, heat capacity and first derivative of the heat capacity as a\nfunction of temperature are calculated by using the classical and path integral\nMonte Carlo methods combined with the parallel tempering technique. A\nmodification in the phase change phenomena from the presence of impurity atoms\nand quantum effects is investigated.",
        "positive": "Anomalous structural evolution of soft particles: Equibrium liquid state\n  theory: We use the hyper-netted chain approximation of liquid state theory to analyze\nthe evolution with density of the pair correlation function in a model of soft\nspheres with harmonic repulsion. As observed in recent experiments on jammed\nsoft particles, theory predicts an `anomalous' (nonmonotonic) evolution of the\nintensity of the first peak when density is increased at constant temperature.\nThis structural anomaly is a direct consequence of particle softness, and can\nbe explained from purely equilibrium considerations, emphasizing the generality\nof the phenomenon. This anomaly is also predicted to have a non-trivial,\n`${\\cal S}$-shaped', evolution with temperature, as a result of a competition\nbetween three distinct effects, which we describe in detail. Computer\nsimulations support our predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous diffusion and Tsallis statistics in an optical lattice: We point out a connection between anomalous quantum transport in an optical\nlattice and Tsallis' generalized thermostatistics. Specifically, we show that\nthe momentum equation for the semiclassical Wigner function that describes\natomic motion in the optical potential, belongs to a class of transport\nequations recently studied by Borland [PLA 245, 67 (1998)]. The important\nproperty of these ordinary linear Fokker--Planck equations is that their\nstationary solutions are exactly given by Tsallis distributions. Dissipative\noptical lattices are therefore new systems in which Tsallis statistics can be\nexperimentally studied.",
        "positive": "Statistical field theory of hierarchical avalanche ensemble: The paper has been withdrawn"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Injected Power Fluctuations in Langevin Equation: In this paper, we consider the Langevin equation from an unusual point of\nview, that is as an archetype for a dissipative system driven out of\nequilibrium by an external excitation. Using path integral method, we compute\nexactly the probability density function of the power (averaged over a time\ninterval of length $\\tau$) injected (and dissipated) by the random force into a\nBrownian particle driven by a Langevin equation. The resulting distribution, as\nwell as the associated large deviation function, display strong asymmetry,\nwhose origin is explained. Connections with the so-called ``Fluctuation\nTheorem'' are thereafter discussed. Finally, considering Langevin equations\nwith a pinning potential, we show that the large deviation function associated\nwith the injected power is \\textit{completely} \\textit{insensitive} to the\npresence of a potential.",
        "positive": "Origin of `end of aging' and sub-aging scaling behavior in glassy\n  dynamics: Linear response functions of aging systems are routinely interpreted using\nthe scaling variable $t_{\\rm obs}/t_{\\rm w}^\\mu$,where $t_{\\rm w}$ is the time\nat which the field conjugated to the response is turned on or off, and where\n$t_{\\rm obs}$ is the `observation' time elapsed from the field change. The\nresponse curve obtained for different values of $t_w$ are usually collapsed\nusing values of $\\mu$ slightly below one, a scaling behavior generally known as\n\\emph{sub-aging}. Recent spin glass Thermoremanent Magnetization experiments\nhave shown that the value of $\\mu$ is strongly affected by the form of the\ninitial cooling protocol (Rodriguez et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 037203, 2003),\nand even more importantly, (Kenning et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 057201, 2006)\nthat the $t_{\\rm w}$ dependence of the response curves vanishes altogether in\nthe limit $t_{\\rm obs} \\gg t_{\\rm w}$. The latter result shows that the widely\nused $t_{\\rm obs}/t_{\\rm w}^\\mu$ scaling of linear response data cannot be\ngenerally valid, and casts some doubt on the theoretical significance of the\nexponent $\\mu$. In this work, a common mechanism is proposed for the origin of\nboth sub-aging and end of aging behavior in glassy dynamics. The mechanism\ncombines real and configuration space properties of the state produced by the\ninitial thermal quench which initiates the aging process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How to discriminate easily between Directed-percolation and Manna\n  scaling: Here we compare critical properties of systems in the directed-percolation\n(DP) universality class with those of absorbing-state phase transitions\noccurring in the presence of a non-diffusive conserved field, i.e. transitions\nin the so-called Manna or C-DP class. Even if it is clearly established that\nthese constitute two different universality classes, most of their universal\nfeatures (exponents, moment ratios, scaling functions,...) are very similar,\nmaking it difficult to discriminate numerically between them. Nevertheless, as\nillustrated here, the two classes behave in a rather different way upon\nintroducing a physical boundary or wall. Taking advantage of this, we propose a\nsimple and fast method to discriminate between these two universality classes.\nThis is particularly helpful in solving some existing discrepancies in\nself-organized critical systems as sandpiles.",
        "positive": "The LeClair-Mussardo series and nested Bethe Ansatz: We consider correlation functions in one dimensional quantum integrable\nmodels related to the algebra symmetries $\\mathfrak{gl}(2|1)$ and\n$\\mathfrak{gl}(3)$. Using the algebraic Bethe Ansatz approach we develop an\nexpansion theorem, which leads to an infinite integral series in the\nthermodynamic limit. The series is the generalization of the LeClair-Mussardo\nseries to nested Bethe Ansatz systems, and it is applicable both to one-point\nand two-point functions. As an example we consider the ground state\ndensity-density correlator in the Gaudin-Yang model of spin-1/2 Fermi\nparticles. Explicit formulas are presented in a special large coupling and\nlarge imbalance limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An H-Theorem for the Lattice Boltzmann Approach to Hydrodynamics: The lattice Boltzmann equation can be viewed as a discretization of the\ncontinuous Boltzmann equation. Because of this connection it has long been\nspeculated that lattice Boltzmann algorithms might obey an H-theorem. In this\nletter we prove that usual nine-velocity models do not obey an H-theorem but\nmodels that do obey an H-theorem can be constructed. We consider the general\nconditions a lattice Boltzmann scheme must satisfy in order to obey an\nH-theorem and show why on a lattice, unlike the continuous case, dynamics that\ndecrease an H-functional do not necessarily lead to a unique ground state.",
        "positive": "A new picture of the Lifshitz critical behavior: New field theoretic renormalization group methods are developed to describe\nin a unified fashion the critical exponents of an m-fold Lifshitz point at the\ntwo-loop order in the anisotropic (m not equal to d) and isotropic (m=d close\nto 8) situations. The general theory is illustrated for the N-vector phi^4\nmodel describing a d-dimensional system. A new regularization and\nrenormalization procedure is presented for both types of Lifshitz behavior. The\nanisotropic cases are formulated with two independent renormalization group\ntransformations. The description of the isotropic behavior requires only one\ntype of renormalization group transformation. We point out the conceptual\nadvantages implicit in this picture and show how this framework is related to\nother previous renormalization group treatments for the Lifshitz problem. The\nFeynman diagrams of arbitrary loop-order can be performed analytically provided\nthese integrals are considered to be homogeneous functions of the external\nmomenta scales. The anisotropic universality class (N,d,m) reduces easily to\nthe Ising-like (N,d) when m=0. We show that the isotropic universality class\n(N,m) when m is close to 8 cannot be obtained from the anisotropic one in the\nlimit d --> m near 8. The exponents for the uniaxial case d=3, N=m=1 are in\ngood agreement with recent Monte Carlo simulations for the ANNNI model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-ergodicity, fluctuations, and criticality in heterogeneous diffusion\n  processes: We study the stochastic behavior of heterogeneous diffusion processes with\nthe power-law dependence $D(x)\\sim|x|^{\\alpha}$ of the generalized diffusion\ncoefficient encompassing sub- and superdiffusive anomalous diffusion. Based on\nstatistical measures such as the amplitude scatter of the time averaged mean\nsquared displacement of individual realizations, the ergodicity breaking and\nnon-Gaussianity parameters, as well as the probability density function\n$P(x,t)$ we analyze the weakly non-ergodic character of the heterogeneous\ndiffusion process and, particularly, the degree of irreproducibility of\nindividual realization. As we show, the fluctuations between individual\nrealizations increase with growing modulus $|\\alpha|$ of the scaling exponent.\nThe fluctuations appear to diverge when the critical value $\\alpha=2$ is\napproached, while for even larger $\\alpha$ the fluctuations decrease, again. At\ncriticality, the power-law behavior of the mean squared displacement changes to\nan exponentially fast growth, and the fluctuations of the time averaged mean\nsquared displacement do not seem to converge for increasing number of\nrealizations. From a systematic comparison we observe some striking\nsimilarities of the heterogeneous diffusion process with the familiar\nsubdiffusive continuous time random walk process with power-law waiting time\ndistribution and diverging characteristic waiting time.",
        "positive": "High-temperature series expansions for the $q$-state Potts model on a\n  hypercubic lattice and critical properties of percolation: We present results for the high-temperature series expansions of the\nsusceptibility and free energy of the $q$-state Potts model on a\n$D$-dimensional hypercubic lattice $\\mathbb{Z}^D$ for arbitrary values of $q$.\nThe series are up to order 20 for dimension $D\\leq3$, order 19 for $D\\leq 5$\nand up to order 17 for arbitrary $D$. Using the $q\\to 1$ limit of these series,\nwe estimate the percolation threshold $p_c$ and critical exponent $\\gamma$ for\nbond percolation in different dimensions. We also extend the 1/D expansion of\nthe critical coupling for arbitrary values of $q$ up to order $D^{-9}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Group-Equivariant Autoencoder for Identifying Spontaneously Broken\n  Symmetries: We introduce the group-equivariant autoencoder (GE-autoencoder) -- a deep\nneural network (DNN) method that locates phase boundaries by determining which\nsymmetries of the Hamiltonian have spontaneously broken at each temperature. We\nuse group theory to deduce which symmetries of the system remain intact in all\nphases, and then use this information to constrain the parameters of the\nGE-autoencoder such that the encoder learns an order parameter invariant to\nthese ``never-broken'' symmetries. This procedure produces a dramatic reduction\nin the number of free parameters such that the GE-autoencoder size is\nindependent of the system size. We include symmetry regularization terms in the\nloss function of the GE-autoencoder so that the learned order parameter is also\nequivariant to the remaining symmetries of the system. By examining the group\nrepresentation by which the learned order parameter transforms, we are then\nable to extract information about the associated spontaneous symmetry breaking.\nWe test the GE-autoencoder on the 2D classical ferromagnetic and\nantiferromagnetic Ising models, finding that the GE-autoencoder (1) accurately\ndetermines which symmetries have spontaneously broken at each temperature; (2)\nestimates the critical temperature in the thermodynamic limit with greater\naccuracy, robustness, and time-efficiency than a symmetry-agnostic baseline\nautoencoder; and (3) detects the presence of an external symmetry-breaking\nmagnetic field with greater sensitivity than the baseline method. Finally, we\ndescribe various key implementation details, including a new method for\nextracting the critical temperature estimate from trained autoencoders and\ncalculations of the DNN initialization and learning rate settings required for\nfair model comparisons.",
        "positive": "Lagrangian phase transitions in nonequilibrium thermodynamic systems: In previous papers we have introduced a natural nonequilibrium free energy by\nconsidering the functional describing the large fluctuations of stationary\nnonequilibrium states. While in equilibrium this functional is always convex,\nin nonequilibrium this is not necessarily the case. We show that in\nnonequilibrium a new type of singularities can appear that are interpreted as\nphase transitions. In particular, this phenomenon occurs for the\none-dimensional boundary driven weakly asymmetric exclusion process when the\ndrift due to the external field is opposite to the one due to the external\nreservoirs, and strong enough."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kibble-Zurek scaling from linear response theory: While quantum phase transitions share many characteristics with thermodynamic\nphase transitions, they are also markedly different as they occur at zero\ntemperature. Hence, it is not immediately clear whether tools and frameworks\nthat capture the properties of thermodynamic phase transitions also apply in\nthe quantum case. Concerning the crossing of thermodynamic critical points and\ndescribing its non-equilibrium dynamics, the Kibble-Zurek mechanism and linear\nresponse theory have been demonstrated to be among the very successful\napproaches. In the present work, we show that these two approaches are\nconsistent also in the description of quantum phase transitions, and that\nlinear response theory can even inform arguments of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism.\nIn particular, we show that the relaxation time provided by linear response\ntheory gives a rigorous argument for why to identify the \"gap\" as a relaxation\nrate, and we verify that the excess work computed from linear response theory\nexhibits Kibble-Zurek scaling.",
        "positive": "Compressibility, laws of nature, initial conditions and complexity: We critically analyse the point of view for which laws of nature are just a\nmean to compress data. Discussing some basic notions of dynamical systems and\ninformation theory, we show that the idea that the analysis of large amount of\ndata by means of an algorithm of compression is equivalent to the knowledge one\ncan have from scientific laws, is rather naive. In particular we discuss the\nsubtle conceptual topic of the initial conditions of phenomena which are\ngenerally incompressible. Starting from this point, we argue that laws of\nnature represent more than a pure compression of data, and that the\navailability of large amount of data, in general, is not particularly useful to\nunderstand the behaviour of complex phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simplified calculations of plasma oscillations with non-extensive\n  statistics: We use the exponential parametrization of the nonextensive distribution to\ncalculate the dielectric constant in an electron gas obeying the nonextensive\nstatistics. As we show, the exponential parametrization allows us to make such\ncalculations in a straightforward way, bypassing the use of intricate formulas\nobtained from integral tables and/or numerical methods. For illustrative\npurposes, we apply first the method to the calculation of the permittivity and\nthe corresponding dispersion relation in the ultrarelativistic limit of the\nelectron gas, and verify that it reproduces in a simple way the results that\nhad been obtained previously by other authors using the standard\nparametrization of the nonextensive distribution. In the same spirit we revisit\nthe calculation of the same quantities for a non-relativistic gas, in the high\nfrequency limit, which has been previously carried out, first by Lima, Silva\nand Santos, and subsequently revised by Chen and Li. Our own results agree with\nthose obtained by Chen and Li. For completeness, we also apply the method the\nlow frequency limit in the non-relativistic case, which has been previously\nconsidered by Dai, Chen and Li in the context of the stream plasma instability.\nWe discuss some features of the results obtained in each case and their\ninterpretation of terms of generalized nonextensive quantities, such as the\nDebye length $\\lambda_{D}^{(q)}$, the plasma frequency $\\omega_{p}^{(q)}$ and\nthe ultra-relativistic frequency $\\Omega^{(q)}_{e,rel}$. In the limit $q\n\\rightarrow 1$ such quantities reduce to their classical value and the\nclassical result of the dispersion relations are reproduced.",
        "positive": "Functions of Mittag-Leffler and Fox: The Pathway Model to Tsallis\n  Statistics and Beck-Cohen Superstatistics: In reaction rate theory, in production-destruction type models and in\nreaction-diffusion problems when the total derivatives are replaced by\nfractional derivatives the solutions are obtained in terms of Mittag-Leffler\nfunctions and their generalizations. When fractional calculus enters into the\npicture the solutions of these problems, usually available in terms of\ngeneralized hypergeometric functions, switch to Mittag-Leffler functions and\ntheir generalizations into Wright functions and subsequently into Fox\nfunctions. In this paper, connections are established among generalized\nMittag-Leffler functions, Mathai's pathway model, Tsallis statistics,\nBeck-Cohen superstatistics, and among corresponding entropic measures. The\nMittag-Leffler function, for large values of the parameter, approaches a\npower-law. For values of the parameter close to zero, the Mittag-Leffler\nfunction behaves like a stretched exponential. The Mittag-Leffler function is a\ngeneralization of the exponential function and represents a deviation from the\nexponential paradigm whenever it shows up in solution of physical problems. The\npaper elucidates the relation between analytic representations of the\nq-exponential function that is fundamental to Tsallis statistics,\nMittag-Leffler, Wright, and Fox functions, respectively, utilizing\nMellin-Barnes integral representations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The partition function of an interacting many body system: beyond the\n  perturbed static path approximation: Based on the path integral representation of the partition function of a many\nbody system with separable two body interaction we propose a systematic\nextension of the perturbed static path approximation (PSPA) to lower\ntemperatures. Thereby, special attention must be paid to instabilities of the\nclassical mean field solution in functional space that cause divergencies\nwithin the conventional PSPA. As a result we develop an approximation\napplicable from high to very low temperatures. These findings are tested\nagainst exact results for the archetypical cases of a particle moving in a one\ndimensional double well and the exactly solvable Lipkin model. In particular,\nwe obtain a very good approximation to the level density of the Lipkin model\neven at low thermal excitations. Our results may have potential applications in\nlow temperature nuclear physics and mesoscopic systems, e.g. for gap\nfluctuations in nanoscale superconducting devices previously studied within a\nPSPA type of approximation.\n  PACS: 5.30.-d, 24.60.-k, 21.10.Ma, 74.25.Bt",
        "positive": "Minimizing the effect of sinusoidal trends in detrended fluctuation\n  analysis: The detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) [Peng et al., 1994] and its\nextensions (MF-DFA) [Kantelhardt et al., 2002] have been used extensively to\ndetermine possible long-range correlations in self-affine signals. While the\nDFA has been claimed to be a superior technique, recent reports have indicated\nits susceptibility to trends in the data. In this report, a smoothing filter is\nproposed to minimize the effect of sinusoidal trends and distortion in the\nlog-log plots obtained by DFA and MF-DFA techniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exactly solvable mixed-spin Ising-Heisenberg diamond chain with the\n  biquadratic interactions and single-ion anisotropy: An exactly solvable variant of mixed spin-(1/2,1) Ising-Heisenberg diamond\nchain is considered. Vertical spin-1 dimers are taken as quantum ones with\nHeisenberg bilinear and biquadratic interactions and with single-ion\nanisotropy, while all interactions between spin-1 and spin-1/2 residing on the\nintermediate sites are taken in the Ising form. The detailed analysis of the\n$T=0$ ground state phase diagram is presented. The phase diagrams have shown to\nbe rather rich, demonstrating large variety of ground states: saturated one,\nthree ferrimagnetic with magnetization equal to 3/5 and another four\nferrimagnetic ground states with magnetization equal to 1/5. There are also two\nfrustrated macroscopically degenerated ground states which could exist at zero\nmagnetic filed.\n  Solving the model exactly within classical transfer-matrix formalism we\nobtain an exact expressions for all thermodynamic function of the system. The\nthermodynamic properties of the model have been described exactly by exact\ncalculation of partition function within the direct classical transfer-matrix\nformalism, the entries of transfer matrix, in their turn, contain the\ninformation about quantum states of vertical spin-1 XXZ dimer (eigenvalues of\nlocal hamiltonian for vertical link).",
        "positive": "Quantifying the effect of temporal resolution on time-varying networks: Time-varying networks describe a wide array of systems whose constituents and\ninteractions evolve over time. They are defined by an ordered stream of\ninteractions between nodes, yet they are often represented in terms of a\nsequence of static networks, each aggregating all edges and nodes present in a\ntime interval of size \\Delta t. In this work we quantify the impact of an\narbitrary \\Delta t on the description of a dynamical process taking place upon\na time-varying network. We focus on the elementary random walk, and put forth a\nsimple mathematical framework that well describes the behavior observed on real\ndatasets. The analytical description of the bias introduced by time integrating\ntechniques represents a step forward in the correct characterization of\ndynamical processes on time-varying graphs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coulomb systems at low density: Results on the correlations of low density classical and quantum Coulomb\nsystems at equilibrium in three dimensions are reviewed. The exponential decay\nof particle correlations in the classical Coulomb system -- Debye-H\\\"uckel\nscreening -- is compared and contrasted with the quantum case where strong\narguments are presented for the absence of exponential screening. Results and\ntechniques for detailed calculations that determine the asymptotic decay of\ncorrelations for quantum systems are discussed. Theorems on the existence of\nmolecules in the Saha regime are reviewed. Finally, new combinatoric formulas\nfor the coefficients of Mayer expansions are presented and their role in proofs\nof results on Debye-H\\\"uckel screening is discussed.",
        "positive": "The self-similarity properties of natural images resemble those of\n  turbulent flows: We show that the statistics of an edge type variable in natural images\nexhibits self-similarity properties which resemble those of local energy\ndissipation in turbulent flows. Our results show that extended self-similarity\nremarkably holds for the statistics of the local edge variance, and that the\nvery same models can be used to predict all the associated exponents. These\nresults suggest to use natural images as a laboratory for testing scaling\nmodels of interest for the statistical description of turbulent flows. The\nproperties we have exhibited are relevant for the modeling of the early visual\nsystem: they should be included in models designed for the prediction of\nreceptive fiel$"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of the Density Matrix in Contact with a Thermal Bath and the\n  Quantum Master Equation: We study the structure of the time evolution of the density matrix in contact\nwith a thermal bath in a standard projection operator sheme. The reduced\ndensity matrix of the system in the steady state is obtained by tracing out the\ndegree of freedom of the thermal bath from the equilibrium density matrix of\nthe total system. This reduced density matrix is modified by the interaction,\nand is different from that of the equilibrium of the system alone. We\nexplicitly calculate the contribution of each term in quantum master equation\nto the realization of the steady state density matrix, and make clear roles of\neach term. By making use of the role of each term, the properties of the\ncommonly used quantum master equation are examined.",
        "positive": "Non-classical rotational inertia in the supersolid state: An abrupt drop in the moment of inertia recently found in solid helium 4 is\nexplained in terms of dynamics of zero-point vacancies (ZPV). Mechanical\ndecoupling of ZPV from the motion of the container due to Bose statistics is\ndeveloped to a macroscopic phenomenon by repulsive interaction. It gives a\nnegative answer to the question whether BEC is a necessary condition for\nnon-classical rotational inertia in a bulk three-dimensional system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tensor network method for reversible classical computation: We develop a tensor network technique that can solve universal reversible\nclassical computational problems, formulated as vertex models on a square\nlattice [Nat. Commun. 8, 15303 (2017)]. By encoding the truth table of each\nvertex constraint in a tensor, the total number of solutions compatible with\npartial inputs/outputs at the boundary can be represented as the full\ncontraction of a tensor network. We introduce an iterative\ncompression-decimation (ICD) scheme that performs this contraction efficiently.\nThe ICD algorithm first propagates local constraints to longer ranges via\nrepeated contraction-decomposition sweeps over all lattice bonds, thus\nachieving compression on a given length scale. It then decimates the lattice\nvia coarse-graining tensor contractions. Repeated iterations of these two steps\ngradually collapse the tensor network and ultimately yield the exact tensor\ntrace for large systems, without the need for manual control of tensor\ndimensions. Our protocol allows us to obtain the exact number of solutions for\ncomputations where a naive enumeration would take astronomically long times.",
        "positive": "Availability, storage capacity, and diffusion: Stationary states of an\n  asymmetric exclusion process connected to two reservoirs: We explore how the interplay of finite availability, carrying capacity of\nparticles at different parts of a spatially extended system and particle\ndiffusion between them control the steady state currents and density profiles\nin a one-dimensional current-carrying channel connecting the different parts of\nthe system. To study this, we construct a minimal model consisting of two\nparticle reservoirs of finite carrying capacities connected by a totally\nasymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP). In addition to particle transport\nvia TASEP between the reservoirs, the latter can also directly exchange\nparticles, modeling particle diffusion between them that can maintain a steady\ncurrent in the system. We investigate the steady state density profiles and the\nassociated particle currents in the TASEP lane. The resulting phases and the\nphase diagrams are quite different from an open TASEP, and are characterised by\nthe model parameters defining particle exchanges between the TASEP and the\nreservoirs, direct particle exchanges between the reservoirs, and the filling\nfraction of the particles that determines the total resources available. These\nparameters can be tuned to make the density on the TASEP lane globally uniform\nor piecewise continuous, and can make the two reservoirs preferentially\npopulated or depopulated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "DNA denaturation bubbles at criticality: The equilibrium statistical properties of DNA denaturation bubbles are\nexamined in detail within the framework of the Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois model.\nBubble formation in homogeneous DNA is found to depend crucially on the\npresence of nonlinear base-stacking interactions. Small bubbles extending over\nless than 10 base pairs are associated with much larger free energies of\nformation per site than larger bubbles. As the critical temperature is\napproached, the free energy associated with further bubble growth becomes\nvanishingly small. An analysis of average displacement profiles of bubbles of\nvarying sizes at different temperatures reveals almost identical scaled shapes\nin the absence of nonlinear stacking; nonlinear stacking leads to distinct\nscaled shapes of large and small bubbles.",
        "positive": "Kardar-Parisi-Zhang asymptotics for the two-dimensional noisy\n  Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation: We study numerically the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation forced by\nexternal white noise in two space dimensions, that is a generic model for e.g.\nsurface kinetic roughening in the presence of morphological instabilities.\nLarge scale simulations using a pseudospectral numerical scheme allow us to\nretrieve Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) scaling as the asymptotic state of the\nsystem, as in the 1D case. However, this is only the case for sufficiently\nlarge values of the coupling and/or system size, so that previous conclusions\non non-KPZ asymptotics are demonstrated as finite size effects. Crossover\neffects are comparatively stronger for the 2D case than for the 1D system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Attractive energy and entropy or particle size: the yin and yang of\n  physical and biological science: It is well known that equilibrium in a thermodynamic system results from a\ncompetition or balance between lowering the energy and increasing the entropy,\nor at least the product of the temperature and entropy. This is remarkably\nsimilar to the Taoist concept of yin, a downward influence, and yang, an upward\ninfluence, where harmony is established by balancing yin and yang. Entropy is\ndue to structure, which is largely determined by core repulsions or particle\nsize whereas energy is largely determined by longer range attractive\ninteractions. Here, this balance between energy and entropy or particle size is\ntraced through the theory of simple fluids, beginning with Andrews and van der\nWaals, the subsequent developments of perturbation theory, theories of\ncorrelation functions that are based on the Ornstein-Zernike relation and the\nmean spherical approximation, electrolytes, and recent work on ion channels in\nbiological membranes, where the competition between energy and size gives an\nintuitively attractive explanation of the selectivity of cation channels.\nSimulations of complex systems, including proteins in aqueous solution, should\nbe studied to determine the extent to which these concepts are useful for such\nsituations",
        "positive": "Greedy Forwarding in Dynamic Scale-Free Networks Embedded in Hyperbolic\n  Metric Spaces: We show that complex (scale-free) network topologies naturally emerge from\nhyperbolic metric spaces. Hyperbolic geometry facilitates maximally efficient\ngreedy forwarding in these networks. Greedy forwarding is topology-oblivious.\nNevertheless, greedy packets find their destinations with 100% probability\nfollowing almost optimal shortest paths. This remarkable efficiency sustains\neven in highly dynamic networks. Our findings suggest that forwarding\ninformation through complex networks, such as the Internet, is possible without\nthe overhead of existing routing protocols, and may also find practical\napplications in overlay networks for tasks such as application-level routing,\ninformation sharing, and data distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Elucidating fluctuating diffusivity in center-of-mass motion of polymer\n  models with time-averaged mean-square-displacement tensor: There have been increasing reports that the diffusion coefficient of\nmacromolecules depends on time and fluctuates randomly. Here, a novel method to\nelucidate the fluctuating diffusivity from trajectory data is developed. The\ntime-averaged mean square displacement (MSD), a common tool in\nsingle-particle-tracking (SPT) experiments, is generalized into a second order\ntensor, with which information on both magnitude fluctuations and orientational\nfluctuations of the diffusivity can be clearly detected. This new method is\nutilized to analyze the center-of-mass motion of four polymer models, the Rouse\nmodel, the Zimm model, a reptation model, and a rigid rodlike polymer, and it\nis found that these models exhibit distinctly different types of magnitude and\norientational fluctuations of the diffusivity. This method of the time-averaged\nMSD tensor can be applied also to the trajectory data obtained in SPT\nexperiments.",
        "positive": "Local Max-Entropy and Free Energy Principles Solved by Belief\n  Propagation: A statistical system is classically defined on a set of microstates $E$ by a\nglobal energy function $H : E \\to \\mathbb{R}$, yielding Gibbs probability\nmeasures (softmins) $\\rho^\\beta(H)$ for every inverse temperature $\\beta =\nT^{-1}$. Gibbs states are simultaneously characterized by free energy\nprinciples and the max-entropy principle, with dual constraints on inverse\ntemperature $\\beta$ and mean energy ${\\cal U}(\\beta) =\n\\mathbb{E}_{\\rho^\\beta}[H]$ respectively. The Legendre transform relates these\ndiverse variational principles which are unfortunately not tractable in high\ndimension.\n  The global energy is generally given as a sum $H(x) = \\sum_{\\rm a \\subset\n\\Omega} h_{\\rm a}(x_{|\\rm a})$ of local short-range interactions $h_{\\rm a} :\nE_{\\rm a} \\to \\mathbb{R}$ indexed by bounded subregions ${\\rm a} \\subset\n\\Omega$, and this local structure can be used to design good approximation\nschemes on thermodynamic functionals. We show that the generalized belief\npropagation (GBP) algorithm solves a collection of local variational\nprinciples, by converging to critical points of Bethe-Kikuchi approximations of\nthe free energy $F(\\beta)$, the Shannon entropy $S(\\cal U)$, and the\nvariational free energy ${\\cal F}(\\beta) = {\\cal U} - \\beta^{-1} S(\\cal U)$,\nextending an initial correspondence by Yedidia et al. This local form of\nLegendre duality yields a possible degenerate relationship between mean energy\n${\\cal U}$ and $\\beta$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Criticality & Deep Learning II: Momentum Renormalisation Group: Guided by critical systems found in nature we develop a novel mechanism\nconsisting of inhomogeneous polynomial regularisation via which we can induce\nscale invariance in deep learning systems. Technically, we map our deep\nlearning (DL) setup to a genuine field theory, on which we act with the\nRenormalisation Group (RG) in momentum space and produce the flow equations of\nthe couplings; those are translated to constraints and consequently interpreted\nas \"critical regularisation\" conditions in the optimiser; the resulting\nequations hence prove to be sufficient conditions for - and serve as an elegant\nand simple mechanism to induce scale invariance in any deep learning setup.",
        "positive": "Finite-size effects on the Hamiltonian dynamics of the XY-model: The dynamical properties of the finite-size magnetization M in the critical\nregion T<T_{KTB} of the planar rotor model on a L x L square lattice are\nanalyzed by means of microcanonical simulations . The behavior of the q=0\nstructure factor at high frequencies is consistent with field-theoretical\nresults, but new additional features occur at lower frequencies. The motion of\nM determines a region of spectral lines and the presence of a central peak,\nwhich we attribute to phase diffusion. Near T_{KTB} the diffusion constant\nscales with system size as D ~ L^{-1.6(3)}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Return amplitude after a quantum quench in the XY chain: We determine an exact formula for the transition amplitude between any two\narbitrary eigenstates of the local $z$-magnetization operators in the quantum\nXY chain. We further use this formula to obtain an analytical expression for\nthe return amplitude of fully polarized states and the N\\'eel state on a ring\nof length $L$. Then, we investigate finite-size effects in the return\namplitude: in particular quasi-particle interference halfway along the ring, a\nphenomenon that has been dubbed traversal~\\cite{FE2016}. We show that the\ntraversal time and the features of the return amplitude at the traversal time\ndepend on the initial state and on the parity of $L$. Finally, we briefly\ndiscuss non-analyticities in time of the decay rates in the thermodynamic limit\n$L\\rightarrow\\infty$, which are known as dynamical phase transitions.",
        "positive": "Unusual features of coarsening with detachment rates decreasing with\n  cluster mass: We study conserved one-dimensional models of particle diffusion, attachment\nand detachment from clusters, where the detachment rates decrease with\nincreasing cluster size as gamma(m) ~ m^{-k}, k>0. Heuristic scaling arguments\nbased on random walk properties show that the typical cluster size scales as\n(t/ln(t))^z, with z=1/(k+2). The initial symmetric flux of particles between\nneighboring clusters is followed by an effectively assymmetric flux due to the\nunbalanced detachement rates, which leads to the above logarithmic correction.\nSmall clusters have densities of order t^{-mz(1)}, with z(1) = k/(k+2). Thus,\nfor k<1, the small clusters (mass of order unity) are statistically dominant\nand the average cluster size does not scale as the size of typically large\nclusters does. We also solve the Master equation of the model under an\nindependent interval approximation, which yields cluster distributions and\nexponent relations and gives the correct dominant coarsening exponent after\naccounting for the effects of correlations. The coarsening of large clusters is\ndescribed by the distribution P_t(m) ~ 1/t^y f(m/t^z), with y=2z. All results\nare confirmed by simulation, which also illustrates the unusual features of\ncluster size distributions, with a power law decay for small masses and a\nnegatively skewed peak in the scaling region. The detachment rates considered\nhere can apply in the presence of strong attractive interactions, and recent\napplications suggest that even more rapid rate decays are also physically\nrealistic."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of randomness in logistic maps: We study a random logistic map $x_{t+1} = a_{t} x_{t}[1-x_{t}]$ where $a_t$\nare bounded ($q_1 \\leq a_t \\leq q_2$), random variables independently drawn\nfrom a distribution. $x_t$ does not show any regular behaviour in time. We find\nthat $x_t$ shows fully ergodic behaviour when the maximum allowed value of\n$a_t$ is $4$. However $< x_{t \\to \\infty}>$, averaged over different\nrealisations reaches a fixed point. For $1\\leq a_t \\leq 4$ the system shows\nnonchaotic behaviour and the Lyapunov exponent is strongly dependent on the\nasymmetry of the distribution from which $a_t$ is drawn. Chaotic behaviour is\nseen to occur beyond a threshold value of $q_1$ ($q_2$) when $q_2$ ($q_1$) is\nvaried. The most striking result is that the random map is chaotic even when\n$q_2$ is less than the threshold value $3.5699......$ at which chaos occurs in\nthe non random map. We also employ a different method in which a different set\nof random variables are used for the evolution of two initially identical $x$\nvalues, here the chaotic regime exists for all $q_1 \\neq q_2 $ values.",
        "positive": "Dynamical localization and slow thermalization in a class of\n  disorder-free periodically driven one-dimensional interacting systems: We study if the interplay between dynamical localization and interactions in\nperiodically driven quantum systems can give rise to anomalous thermalization\nbehavior. Specifically, we consider one-dimensional models with interacting\nspinless fermions with nearest-neighbor hopping and density-density\ninteractions, and a periodically driven on-site potential with spatial\nperiodicity $m=2$ and $m=4$. At a dynamical localization point, these models\nevade thermalization either due to the presence of an extensive number of\nconserved quantities (for weak interactions) or due to the kinetic constraints\ncaused by drive-induced resonances (for strong interactions). Our models\ntherefore illustrate interesting mechanisms for generating constrained dynamics\nin Floquet systems which are difficult to realize in an undriven system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Totally Symmetric Self-Complementary Plane Partitions and Quantum\n  Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation: a conjecture: We present a new conjecture relating the minimal polynomial solution of the\nlevel-one $U_q(\\frak{sl}(2))$ quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation for\ngeneric values of $q$ in the link pattern basis and some $q$-enumeration of\nTotally Symmetric Self-Complementary Plane Partitions.",
        "positive": "Affinity and Fluctuations in a Mesoscopic Noria: We exhibit the invariance of cycle affinities in finite state Markov\nprocesses under various natural probabilistic constructions, for instance under\nconditioning and under a new combinatorial construction that we call ``drag and\ndrop''. We show that cycle affinities have a natural probabilistic meaning\nrelated to first passage non-equilibrium fluctuation relations that we\nestablish."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Eigenstate entanglement entropy in $PT$ invariant non-Hermitian system: Much has been learned about universal properties of the eigenstate\nentanglement entropy for one-dimensional lattice models, which is described by\na Hermitian Hamiltonian. While very less of it has been understood for\nnon-Hermitian systems. In the present work we study a non-Hermitian,\nnon-interacting model of fermions which is invariant under combined $PT$\ntransformation. Our models show a phase transition from $PT$ unbroken phase to\nbroken phase as we tune the hermiticity breaking parameter. Entanglement\nentropy of such systems can be defined in two different ways, depending on\nwhether we consider only right (or equivalently only left) eigenstates or a\ncombination of both left and right eigenstates which form a complete set of\nbi-orthonormal eigenstates. We demonstrate that the entanglement entropy of the\nground state and also of the typical excited states show some unique features\nin both of these phases of the system. Most strikingly, entanglement entropy\nobtained taking a combination of both left and right eigenstates shows an\nexponential divergence with system size at the transition point. While in the\n$PT$-unbroken phase, the entanglement entropy obtained from only the right (or\nequivalently left) eigenstates shows identical behavior as of an equivalent\nHermitian system which is connected to the non-Hermitian system by a similarity\ntransformation.",
        "positive": "On the behaviour of random K-SAT on trees: We consider the K-satisfiability problem on a regular d-ary rooted tree. For\nthis model, we demonstrate how we can calculate in closed form, the moments of\nthe total number of solutions as a function of d and K, where the average is\nover all realizations, for a fixed assignment of the surface variables. We find\nthat different moments pick out different 'critical' values of d, below which\nthey diverge as the total number of variables on the tree goes to infinity and\nabove which they decay. We show that K-SAT on the random graph also behaves\nsimilarly. We also calculate exactly the fraction of instances that have\nsolutions for all K. On the tree, this quantity decays to 0 (as the number of\nvariables increases) for any d>1. However the recursion relations for this\nquantity have a non-trivial fixed-point solution which indicates the existence\nof a different transition in the interior of an infinite rooted tree."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jamming and Attraction of Interacting Run-and-Tumble Random Walkers: We study a model of bacterial dynamics where two interacting random walkers\nperform run-and-tumble motion on a one-dimensional lattice under mutual\nexclusion and find an exact expression for the probability distribution in the\nsteady state. This stationary distribution has a rich structure comprising\nthree components: a jammed component, where the particles are adjacent and\nblock each other; an attractive component, where the probability distribution\nfor the distance between particles decays exponentially; and an extended\ncomponent in which the distance between particles is uniformly distributed. The\nattraction between the particles is sufficiently strong that even in the limit\nwhere continuous space is recovered for a finite system, the two walkers spend\na finite fraction of time in a jammed configuration. Our results potentially\nprovide a route to understanding the motility-induced phase separation\ncharacteristic of active matter from a microscopic perspective.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Floquet quantum heat engines and stochastic efficiencies: Based on the notion of quantum trajectory, we present a stochastic\ntheoretical framework for Floquet quantum heat engines. As an application, the\nlarge deviation functions of two types of stochastic efficiencies for a\ntwo-level Floquet quantum heat engine are investigated. We find that the\nstatistics of one efficiency agree well with the predictions of the universal\ntheory of efficiency fluctuations developed by Verley et al. [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf\n90}, 052145 (2014)], whereas the statistics of the other efficiency do not. The\nreason for this discrepancy is attributed to the lack of fluctuation theorems\nfor the latter type of efficiency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Control of Squeezed States: In this paper we consider the classical and quantum control of squeezed\nstates of harmonic oscillators. This provides a method for reducing noise below\nthe quantum limit and provides an example of the control of under-actuated\nsystems in the stochastic and quantum context. We consider also the interaction\nof a squeezed quantum oscillator with an external heat bath.",
        "positive": "Typical relaxation of perturbed quantum many-body systems: We substantially extend our relaxation theory for perturbed many-body quantum\nsystems from [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 120602 (2020)] by establishing an\nanalytical prediction for the time-dependent observable expectation values\nwhich depends on only two characteristic parameters of the perturbation\noperator: its overall strength and its range or band width. Compared to the\nprevious theory, a significantly larger range of perturbation strengths is\ncovered. The results are obtained within a typicality framework by solving the\npertinent random matrix problem exactly for a certain class of banded\nperturbations and by demonstrating the (approximative) universality of these\nsolutions, which allows us to adopt them to considerably more general classes\nof perturbations. We also verify the prediction by comparison with several\nnumerical examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The inverse problem beyond two-body interaction: the cubic mean-field\n  Ising model: In this paper we solve the inverse problem for the cubic mean-field Ising\nmodel. Starting from configuration data generated according to the distribution\nof the model we reconstruct the free parameters of the system. We test the\nrobustness of this inversion procedure both in the region of uniqueness of the\nsolutions and in the region where multiple thermodynamics phases are present.",
        "positive": "Large Scale Structures, Symmetry, and Universality in Sandpiles: We introduce a sandpile model where, at each unstable site, all grains are\ntransferred randomly to downstream neighbors. The model is local and\nconservative, but not Abelian. This does not appear to change the universality\nclass for the avalanches in the self-organized critical state. It does,\nhowever, introduce long-range spatial correlations within the metastable\nstates. We find large scale networks of occupied sites whose density vanishes\nin the thermodynamic limit, for d>1."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium fluctuation-induced Casimir pressures in liquid mixtures: In this article we derive expressions for Casimir-like pressures induced by\nnonequilibrium concentration fluctuations in liquid mixtures. The results are\nthen applied to liquid mixtures in which the concentration gradient results\nfrom a temperature gradient through the Soret effect. A comparison is made\nbetween the pressures induced by nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations in\nliquid mixtures and those induced by nonequilibrium temperature fluctuations in\none-component fluids. Some suggestions for experimental verification procedures\nare also presented.",
        "positive": "Second order quantum renormalisation group of XXZ chain with next\n  nearest neighbour interactions: We have extended the application of quantum renormalisation group (QRG) to\nthe anisotropic Heisenberg model with next-nearest neighbour (n-n-n)\ninteraction. The second order correction has to be taken into account to get a\nself similar renormalized Hamiltonian in the presence of n-n-n-interaction. We\nhave obtained the phase diagram of this model which consists of three different\nphases, i.e, spin-fluid, dimerised and Ne'el types which merge at the\ntri-critical point. The anisotropy of the n-n-n-term changes the phase diagram\nsignificantly. It has a dominant role in the Ne'el-dimer phase boundary. The\nstaggered magnetisation as an order parameter defines the border between\nfluid-Ne'el and Ne'el-dimer phases. The improvement of the second order RG\ncorrections on the ground state energy of the Heisenberg model is presented.\nMoreover, the application of second order QRG on the spin lattice model has\nbeen discussed generally. Our scheme shows that higher order corrections lead\nto an effective Hamiltonian with infinite range of interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for Bose-Hubbard models on arbitrary\n  graphs: We propose a quantum Monte Carlo algorithm capable of simulating the\nBose-Hubbard model on arbitrary graphs, obviating the need for devising\nlattice-specific updates for different input graphs. We show that with our\nmethod, which is based on the recently introduced Permutation Matrix\nRepresentation Quantum Monte Carlo [Gupta, Albash and Hen, J. Stat. Mech.\n(2020) 073105], the problem of adapting the simulation to a given geometry\namounts to generating a cycle basis for the graph on which the model is\ndefined, a procedure that can be carried out efficiently and and in an\nautomated manner. To showcase the versatility of our approach, we provide\nsimulation results for Bose-Hubbard models defined on two-dimensional lattices\nas well as on a number of random graphs.",
        "positive": "The large connectivity limit of bootstrap percolation: Bootstrap percolation provides an emblematic instance of phase behavior\ncharacterised by an abrupt transition with diverging critical fluctuations.\nThis unusual hybrid situation generally occurs in particle systems in which the\noccupation probability of a site depends on the state of its neighbours through\na certain threshold parameter. In this paper we investigate the phase behavior\nof the bootstrap percolation on the regular random graph in the limit in which\nthe threshold parameter and lattice connectivity become both increasingly large\nwhile their ratio $\\alpha$ is held constant. We find that the mixed phase\nbehavior is preserved in this limit, and that multiple transitions and\nhigher-order bifurcation singularities occur when $\\alpha$ becomes a random\nvariable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Metastable States, Relaxation Times and Free-energy Barriers in Finite\n  Dimensional Glassy Systems: In this note we discuss metastability in a long-but-finite range disordered\nmodel for the glass transition. We show that relaxation is dominated by\nconfiguration belonging to metastable states and associate an in principle\ncomputable free-energy barrier to the equilibrium relaxation time. Adam-Gibbs\nlike relaxation times appear naturally in this approach.",
        "positive": "Validity of Fourier's law in one-dimensional momentum-conserving\n  lattices with asymmetric interparticle interactions: We have numerically studied heat conduction in a few one-dimensional\nmomentum-conserving lattices with asymmetric interparticle interactions by the\nnonequilibrium heat bath method, the equilibrium Green-Kubo method, and the\nheat current power spectra analysis. Very strong finite-size effects are\nclearly observed. Such effects make the heat conduction obey a Fourier-like law\nin a wide range of lattice lengths. However, in yet longer lattice lengths, the\nheat conductivity regains its power-law divergence. Therefore the power-law\ndivergence of the heat conductivity in the thermodynamic limit is verified, as\nis expected by many existing theories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling exponent of the maximum growth probability in diffusion-limited\n  aggregation: An early (and influential) scaling relation in the multifractal theory of\nDiffusion Limited Aggregation(DLA) is the Turkevich-Scher conjecture that\nrelates the exponent \\alpha_{min} that characterizes the ``hottest'' region of\nthe harmonic measure and the fractal dimension D of the cluster, i.e.\nD=1+\\alpha_{min}. Due to lack of accurate direct measurements of both D and\n\\alpha_{min} this conjecture could never be put to serious test. Using the\nmethod of iterated conformal maps D was recently determined as D=1.713+-0.003.\nIn this Letter we determine \\alpha_{min} accurately, with the result\n\\alpha_{min}=0.665+-0.004. We thus conclude that the Turkevich-Scher conjecture\nis incorrect for DLA.",
        "positive": "Random walk with random resetting to the maximum: We study analytically a simple random walk model on a one-dimensional\nlattice, where at each time step the walker resets to the maximum of the\nalready visited positions (to the rightmost visited site) with a probability\n$r$, and with probability $(1-r)$, it undergoes symmetric random walk, i.e., it\nhops to one of its neighboring sites, with equal probability $(1-r)/2$. For\n$r=0$, it reduces to a standard random walk whose typical distance grows as\n$\\sqrt{n}$ for large $n$. In presence of a nonzero resetting rate $0<r\\le 1$,\nwe find that both the average maximum and the average position grow\nballistically for large $n$, with a common speed $v(r)$. Moreover, the\nfluctuations around their respective averages grow diffusively, again with the\nsame diffusion coefficient $D(r)$. We compute $v(r)$ and $D(r)$ explicitly. We\nalso show that the probability distribution of the difference between the\nmaximum and the location of the walker, becomes stationary as $n\\to \\infty$.\nHowever, the approach to this stationary distribution is accompanied by a\ndynamical phase transition, characterized by a weakly singular large deviation\nfunction. We also show that $r=0$ is a special `critical' point, for which the\ngrowth laws are different from the $r\\to 0$ case and we calculate the exact\ncrossover functions that interpolate between the critical $(r=0)$ and the\noff-critical $(r\\to 0)$ behavior for finite but large $n$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal local pair correlations of Lieb-Liniger bosons at quantum\n  criticality: The one-dimensional Lieb-Liniger Bose gas is a prototypical many-body system\nfeaturing universal Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) physics and free fermion\nquantum criticality. We analytically calculate finite temperature local pair\ncorrelations for the strong coupling Bose gas at quantum criticality using the\npolylog function in the framework of the Yang-Yang thermodynamic equations. We\nshow that the local pair correlation has the universal value $g^{(2)}(0)\\approx\n2 p/(n\\varepsilon)$ in the quantum critical regime, the TLL phase and the\nquasi-classical region, where $p$ is the pressure per unit length rescaled by\nthe interaction energy $\\varepsilon=\\frac{\\hbar^2}{2m} c^2$ with interaction\nstrength $c$ and linear density $n$. This suggests the possibility to test\nfinite temperature local pair correlations for the TLL in the relativistic\ndispersion regime and to probe quantum criticality with the local correlations\nbeyond the TLL phase. Furthermore, thermodynamic properties at high\ntemperatures are obtained by both high temperature and virial expansion of the\nYang-Yang thermodynamic equation.",
        "positive": "Long-range correlations and ensemble inequivalence in a generalized ABC\n  model: A generalization of the ABC model, a one-dimensional model of a driven system\nof three particle species with local dynamics, is introduced, in which the\nmodel evolves under either (i) density-conserving or (ii) nonconserving\ndynamics. For equal average densities of the three species, both dynamical\nmodels are demonstrated to exhibit detailed balance with respect to a\nHamiltonian with long-range interactions. The model is found to exhibit two\ndistinct phase diagrams, corresponding to the canonical (density-conserving)\nand grand canonical (density nonconserving) ensembles, as expected in\nlong-range interacting systems. The implication of this result to\nnonequilibrium steady states, such as those of the ABC model with unequal\naverage densities, are briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Scaling Behaviors of Entanglement Spectra: We investigate the evolution of entanglement spectra under a global quantum\nquench from a short-range correlated state to the quantum critical point.\nMotivated by the conformal mapping, we find that the dynamical entanglement\nspectra demonstrate distinct finite-size scaling behaviors from the static\ncase. As a prototypical example, we compute real-time dynamics of the\nentanglement spectra of a one-dimensional transverse-field Ising chain.\nNumerical simulation confirms that, the entanglement spectra scale with the\nsubsystem size $l$ as $\\sim l^{-1}$ for the dynamical equilibrium state, much\nfaster than $\\propto \\log^{-1} l$ for the critical ground state. In particular,\nas a byproduct, the entanglement spectra at the long time limit faithfully\ngives universal tower structure of underlying Ising criticality, which shows\nthe emergence of operator-state correspondence in the quantum dynamics.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium phase transition in the kinetic Ising model driven by\n  propagating magnetic field wave: The two dimensional ferromagnetic Ising model in the presence of a\npropagating magnetic field wave (with well defined frequency and wavelength) is\nstudied by Mone Carlo simulation. This study differs from all of the earlier\nstudies done so far, where the oscillating magnetic field was considered to be\nuniform in space. The time average magnetisation over a full cycle (the time\nperiod) of the propagating magnetic field acts as the dynamic order parameter.\nThe dynamical phase transition is observed. The temperature variation of the\ndynamic order parameter, the mean square deviation of the dynamic order\nparameter, the dynamic specific heat and the derivative of the dynamic order\nparameter are studied. The mean square deviation of the dynamic order\nparameter, dynamic specific heat show sharp maxima near the transition point.\nThe derivative of dynamic order parameter shows sharp minimum near the\ntransition point. The transition temperature is found to depend also on the\nspeed of propagation of the magnetic field wave."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Feedback topology and XOR-dynamics in Boolean networks with varying\n  input structure: We analyse a model of fixed in-degree Random Boolean Networks in which the\nfraction of input-receiving nodes is controlled by a parameter gamma. We\ninvestigate analytically and numerically the dynamics of graphs under a\nparallel XOR updating scheme. This scheme is interesting because it is\naccessible analytically and its phenomenology is at the same time under\ncontrol, and as rich as the one of general Boolean networks. Biologically, it\nis justified on abstract grounds by the fact that all existing interactions\nplay a dynamical role. We give analytical formulas for the dynamics on general\ngraphs, showing that with a XOR-type evolution rule, dynamic features are\ndirect consequences of the topological feedback structure, in analogy with the\nrole of relevant components in Kauffman networks. Considering graphs with fixed\nin-degree, we characterize analytically and numerically the feedback regions\nusing graph decimation algorithms (Leaf Removal). With varying gamma, this\ngraph ensemble shows a phase transition that separates a tree-like graph region\nfrom one in which feedback components emerge. Networks near the transition\npoint have feedback components made of disjoint loops, in which each node has\nexactly one incoming and one outgoing link. Using this fact we provide\nanalytical estimates of the maximum period starting from topological\nconsiderations.",
        "positive": "Growth and Scaling in Anisotropic Spinodal Decomposition: We studied phase separation in a particle interacting system under a large\ndrive along x. We here identify the basic growth mechanisms, and demonstrate\ntime self-similarity, finite-size scaling, as well as other interesting\nfeatures of both the structure factor and the scaling function. We also show\nthat, at late t in two dimensions, there is a unique t-dependent length\nincreasing l_y(t) \\sim t^{1/3} for macroscopic systems. Our results, which\nfollow as a direct consequence of the underlying anisotropy, may characterize a\nclass of nonequilibrium situations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport coefficients for hard-sphere relativistic gas: Transport coefficients are of crucial importance in theoretical as well as\nexperimental studies. Despite substantial research on classical hard\nsphere/disk gases in low and high density regimes, a thorough investigation of\ntransport coefficients for massive relativistic systems is missing in the\nliterature. In this work a fully relativistic molecular dynamics simulation is\nemployed to numerically obtain the transport coefficients of a hard sphere\nrelativistic gas based on Helfand-Einstein expressions. The numerical data are\nthen used to check the accuracy of Chapmann-Enskog (CE) predictions in a wide\nrange of temperature. The results indicate that while simulation data in low\ntemperature regime agrees very well with theoretical predictions, it begins to\nshow deviations as temperature rises, except for the thermal conductivity which\nfits very well to CE theory in the whole range of temperature. Since our\nsimulations are done in low density regimes, where CE approximation is expected\nto be valid, the observed deviations can be attributed to the inaccuracy of\nlinear CE theory in extremely relativistic cases.",
        "positive": "Cluster-factorized steady states in finite range processes: We study a class of nonequilibrium lattice models on a ring where particles\nhop in a particular direction, from a site to one of its (say, right) nearest\nneighbours, with a rate that depends on the occupation of all the neighbouring\nsites within a range R. This finite range process (FRP) for R=0 reduces to the\nwell known zero-range process (ZRP), giving rise to a factorized steady state\n(FSS) for any arbitrary hop rate. We show that, provided the hop rates satisfy\na specific condition, the steady state of FRP can be written as a product of\ncluster-weight function of (R+1) occupation variables. We show that, for a\nlarge class of cluster-weight functions, the cluster-factorized steady state\nadmits a finite dimensional transfer-matrix formulation, which helps in\ncalculating the spatial correlation functions and subsystem mass distributions\nexactly. We also discuss a criterion for which the FRP undergoes a condensation\ntransition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Overtaking while approaching equilibrium: A system initially far from equilibrium is expected to take more time to\nreach equilibrium than a system that was initially closer to equilibrium. The\nold puzzling observation (also called Mpemba effect) that when a sample of hot\nwater and another sample of cold water are put in a freezer to equilibrate, the\nhot water sometimes overtakes as they cool, has been highlighted recently. In\nthe extensively studied colossal magnetoresistance manganites, cooling in a\nmagnetic field (H) often results in an inhomogeneous mixture of transformed\nequilibrium phase and a kinetically arrested non-equilibrium phase which\nrelaxes slowly towards equilibrium at fixed H and temperature (T). Here we show\nthat the magnetization decay rate at the same H and T is larger for the state\nthat was initially farther from equilibrium, and it continues to relax faster\neven after these have become equal. Our result should help propose an\nexplanation, for Mpemba effect, that does not attribute it to any artifact.",
        "positive": "Disjoining pressure of planar adsorbed films: Frumkin-Derjaguin theory of interfacial phase transitions and in particular\nthe concept of the disjoining pressure of a planar adsorbed film is reviewed\nand then discussed in terms of statistical mechanical formulations of\ninterfacial phase transitions beyond mean-field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous scaling in statistical models of passively advected vector\n  fields: The field theoretic renormalization group and the operator product expansion\nare applied to the stochastic model of passively advected vector field with the\nmost general form of the nonlinear term allowed by the Galilean symmetry. The\nadvecting turbulent velocity field is governed by the stochastic Navier--Stokes\nequation. It is shown that the correlation functions of the passive vector\nfield in the inertial range exhibit anomalous scaling behaviour. The\ncorresponding anomalous exponents are determined by the critical dimensions of\ntensor composite fields (operators) built solely of the passive vector field.\nThey are calculated (including the anisotropic sectors) in the leading order of\nthe expansion in $y$, the exponent entering the correlator of the stirring\nforce in the Navier--Stokes equation (one-loop approximation of the\nrenormalization group). The anomalous exponents exhibit an hierarchy related to\nthe degree of anisotropy: the less is the rank of the tensor operator, the less\nis its dimension. Thus the leading terms, determined by scalar operators, are\nthe same as in the isotropic case, in agreement with the Kolmogorov's\nhypothesis of the local isotropy restoration.",
        "positive": "Anomalous tricritical behaviour in the coil-globule transition of a\n  single polymer chain: We investigate a model of self-avoiding walk exhibiting a first-order\ncoil-globule transition. This first-order nature, unravelled through the\ncoexistence of distinct coil and globule populations, has observable\nconsequences on the scaling properties. A thorough analysis of the size\ndependence of the mean radius of gyration evidences a breakdown of the plain\ntricritical scaling behaviour. In some regimes, anomalous exponents are\nobserved in the transition region and logarithmic corrections arise along the\ncoexistence curve."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density profiles of a self-gravitating lattice gas in one, two, and\n  three dimensions: We consider a lattice gas in spaces of dimensionality $\\mathcal{D}=1,2,3$.\nThe particles are subject to a hardcore exclusion interaction and an attractive\npair interaction that satisfies Gauss' law as do Newtonian gravity in\n$\\mathcal{D}=3$, a logarithmic potential in $\\mathcal{D}=2$, and a\ndistance-independent force in $\\mathcal{D}=1$. Under mild additional\nassumptions regarding symmetry and fluctuations we investigate equilibrium\nstates of self-gravitating material clusters, in particular radial density\nprofiles for closed and open systems. We present exact analytic results in\nseveral instances and high-precision numerical data in others. The density\nprofile of a cluster with finite mass is found to exhibit exponential decay in\n$\\mathcal{D}=1$ and power-law decay in $\\mathcal{D}=2$ with\ntemperature-dependent exponents in both cases. In $\\mathcal{D}=2$ the gas\nevaporates in a continuous transition at a nonzero critical temperature. We\ndescribe clusters of infinite mass in $\\mathcal{D}=3$ with a density profile\nconsisting of three layers (core, shell, halo) and an algebraic large-distance\nasymptotic decay. In $\\mathcal{D}=3$ a cluster of finite mass can be stabilized\nat $T>0$ via confinement to a sphere of finite radius. In some parameter\nregime, the gas thus enclosed undergoes a discontinuous transition between\ndistinct density profiles. For the free energy needed to identify the\nequilibrium state we introduce a construction of gravitational self-energy that\nworks in all $\\mathcal{D}$ for the lattice gas. The decay rate of the density\nprofile of an open cluster is shown to transform via a stretched exponential\nfor $1<\\mathcal{D}<2$ whereas it crosses over from one power-law at\nintermediate distances to a different power-law at larger distances for\n$2<\\mathcal{D}<3$.",
        "positive": "Action Principle and Dynamic Ensemble Theory for Non-equilibrium Markov\n  Chains: An overarching action principle, the principle of minimal free action, exists\nfor ergodic Markov chain dynamics. Using this principle and the Detailed\nFluctuation Theorem, we construct a dynamic ensemble theory for non-equilibrium\nsteady states (NESS) of Markov chains, which is in full analogy with\nequilibrium canonical ensemble theory. Concepts such as energy, free energy,\nBoltzmann macro-sates, entropy, and thermodynamic limit all have their dynamic\ncounterparts. For reversible Markov chains, minimization of Boltzmann free\naction yields thermal equilibrium states, and hence provide a dynamic\njustification of the principle of minimal free energy. For irreversible Markov\nchains, minimization of Boltzmann free action selects the stable NESS, and\ndetermines its macroscopic properties, including entropy production. A\nquadratic approximation of free action leads to linear-response theory with\nreciprocal relations built-in. Hence, in so much as non-equilibrium phenomena\ncan be modeled as Markov processes, minimal free action serves as a basic\nprinciple for both equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical physics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Test of Nonextensive Statistical Mechanics by Solar Sound Speeds: To check the validity of the theory of nonextensive statistical mechanics, we\nhave investigated the nonextensive degree of the solar interior and have tried\nto find the experimental evidence by helioseismological measurements that q is\ndifferent from unity. We are able to derive a parameter for providing a lower\nlimit to the nonextensive degree inside the sun that can be uniquely determined\nby the solar sound speeds measured by helioseismology. After calculating the\nparameter by using the solar sound speeds, we get the lower limit of(1-q)not\nless than 0.1902 for all solar radii between 0.15R(sun) and 0.95R(sun) and\n(1-q)approximately equal to 0.4 for the out layers extending from 0.75R(sun)to\n0.95R(sun).Thus, the result that the nonextensive parameter q is significantly\ndifferent from unity has received the support by the experiment measurements\nfor the solar sound speeds in the helioseismology.",
        "positive": "Reaction-diffusion-advection equation in binary tree networks and\n  optimal size ratio: A simple reaction-diffusion-advection equation is proposed in a dichotomous\ntree network to discuss an optimal network. An optimal size ratio r is\nevaluated by the principle of maximization of total reaction rate. In the case\nof reaction-limited conditions, the optimal ratio can be larger than\n(1/2)^{1/3} for a fixed value of branching number, which is consistent with\nobservations in mammalian lungs. We find furthermore that there is an optimal\nbranching number when the Peclet number is large. Under the doubly optimal\nconditions with respect to the size ratio and branching number, the optimal\nvalue of r is close to (1/2)^{1/3}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical exponents of the pair contact process with diffusion: We study the pair contact process with diffusion (PCPD) using Monte Carlo\nsimulations, and concentrate on the decay of the particle density $\\rho$ with\ntime, near its critical point, which is assumed to follow $\\rho(t) \\approx\nct^{-\\delta} +c_2t^{-\\delta_2}+...$. This model is known for its slow\nconvergence to the asymptotic critical behavior; we therefore pay particular\nattention to finite-time corrections. We find that at the critical point, the\nratio of $\\rho$ and the pair density $\\rho_p$ converges to a constant,\nindicating that both densities decay with the same powerlaw. We show that under\nthe assumption $\\delta_2 \\approx 2 \\delta$, two of the critical exponents of\nthe PCPD model are $\\delta = 0.165(10)$ and $\\beta = 0.31(4)$, consistent with\nthose of the directed percolation (DP) model.",
        "positive": "Fundamental scaling laws of on-off intermittency in a stochastically\n  driven dissipative pattern forming system: Noise driven electroconvection in sandwich cells of nematic liquid crystals\nexhibits on-off intermittent behaviour at the onset of the instability. We\nstudy laser scattering of convection rolls to characterize the wavelengths and\nthe trajectories of the stochastic amplitudes of the intermittent structures.\nThe pattern wavelengths and the statistics of these trajectories are in\nquantitative agreement with simulations of the linearized electrohydrodynamic\nequations. The fundamental $\\tau^{-3/2}$ distribution law for the durations\n$\\tau$ of laminar phases as well as the power law of the amplitude distribution\nof intermittent bursts are confirmed in the experiments. Power spectral\ndensities of the experimental and numerically simulated trajectories are\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spontaneous Breaking of Translational Invariance and Spatial\n  Condensation in Stationary States on a Ring: II. The Charged System and the\n  Two-component Burgers Equations: We further study the stochastic model discussed in Ref.[2] in which positive\nand negative particles diffuse in an asymmetric, CP invariant way on a ring.\nThe positive particles hop clockwise, the negative counter-clockwise and\noppositely-charged adjacent particles may swap positions. We extend the\nanalysis of this model to the case when the densities of the charged particles\nare not the same. The mean-field equations describing the model are coupled\nnonlinear differential equations that we call the two-component Burgers\nequations. We find roundabout weak solutions of these equations. These\nsolutions are used to describe the properties of the stationary states of the\nstochastic model. The values of the currents and of various two-point\ncorrelation functions obtained from Monte-Carlo simulations are compared with\nthe mean-field results. Like in the case of equal densities, one finds a pure\nphase, a mixed phase and a disordered phase.",
        "positive": "Universal expressions of population change by the Price equation:\n  natural selection, information, and maximum entropy production: The Price equation shows the unity between the fundamental expressions of\nchange in biology, in information and entropy descriptions of populations, and\nin aspects of thermodynamics. The Price equation partitions the change in the\naverage value of a metric between two populations. A population may be composed\nof organisms or particles or any members of a set to which we can assign\nprobabilities. A metric may be biological fitness or physical energy or the\noutput of an arbitrarily complicated function that assigns quantitative values\nto members of the population. The first part of the Price equation describes\nhow directly applied forces change the probabilities assigned to members of the\npopulation when holding constant the metrical values of the members---a fixed\nmetrical frame of reference. The second part describes how the metrical values\nchange, altering the metrical frame of reference. In canonical examples, the\ndirect forces balance the changing metrical frame of reference, leaving the\naverage or total metrical values unchanged. In biology, relative reproductive\nsuccess (fitness) remains invariant as a simple consequence of the conservation\nof total probability. In physics, systems often conserve total energy.\nNonconservative metrics can be described by starting with conserved metrics,\nand then studying how coordinate transformations between conserved and\nnonconserved metrics alter the geometry of the dynamics and the aggregate\nvalues of populations. From this abstract perspective, key results from\ndifferent subjects appear more simply as universal geometric principles for the\ndynamics of populations subject to the constraints of particular conserved\nquantities"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transitions in spatial networks: Networks embedded in space can display all sorts of transitions when their\nstructure is modified. The nature of these transitions (and in some cases\ncrossovers) can differ from the usual appearance of a giant component as\nobserved for the Erdos-Renyi graph, and spatial networks display a large\nvariety of behaviors. We will discuss here some (mostly recent) results about\ntopological transitions, `localization' transitions seen in the shortest paths\npattern, and also about the effect of congestion and fluctuations on the\nstructure of optimal networks. The importance of spatial networks in real-world\napplications makes these transitions very relevant and this review is meant as\na step towards a deeper understanding of the effect of space on network\nstructures.",
        "positive": "Yang-Lee Zeros of the Q-state Potts Model on Recursive Lattices: The Yang-Lee zeros of the Q-state Potts model on recursive lattices are\nstudied for non-integer values of Q. Considering 1D lattice as a Bethe lattice\nwith coordination number equal to two, the location of Yang-Lee zeros of 1D\nferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic Potts models is completely analyzed in\nterms of neutral periodical points. Three different regimes for Yang-Lee zeros\nare found for Q>1 and 0<Q<1. An exact analytical formula for the equation of\nphase transition points is derived for the 1D case. It is shown that Yang-Lee\nzeros of the Q-state Potts model on a Bethe lattice are located on arcs of\ncircles with the radius depending on Q and temperature for Q>1. Complex\nmagnetic field metastability regions are studied for the Q>1 and 0<Q<1 cases.\nThe Yang-Lee edge singularity exponents are calculated for both 1D and Bethe\nlattice Potts models. The dynamics of metastability regions for different\nvalues of Q is studied numerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bounds on current fluctuations in periodically driven systems: Small nonequilibrium systems in contact with a heat bath can be analyzed with\nthe framework of stochastic thermodynamics. In such systems, fluctuations,\nwhich are not negligible, follow universal relations such as the fluctuation\ntheorem. More recently, it has been found that, for nonequilibrium stationary\nstates, the full spectrum of fluctuations of any thermodynamic current is\nbounded by the average rate of entropy production and the average current.\nHowever, this bound does not apply to periodically driven systems, such as heat\nengines driven by periodic variation of the temperature and artificial\nmolecular pumps driven by an external protocol. We obtain a universal bound on\ncurrent fluctuations for periodically driven systems. This bound is a\ngeneralization of the known bound for stationary states. In general, the\naverage rate that bounds fluctuations in periodically driven systems is\ndifferent from the rate of entropy production. We also obtain a local bound on\nfluctuations that leads to a trade-off relation between speed and precision in\nperiodically driven systems, which constitutes a generalization to periodically\ndriven systems of the so called thermodynamic uncertainty relation. From a\ntechnical perspective, our results are obtained with the use of a recently\ndeveloped theory for 2.5 large deviations for Markov jump processes with\ntime-periodic transition rates.",
        "positive": "Eigenmodes and thermodynamics of a Coulomb chain in a harmonic potential: The density of ions trapped in a harmonic potential in one dimension is not\nuniform. Consequently the eigenmodes are not phonons. We calculate the long\nwavelength modes in the continuum limit, and evaluate the density of states in\nthe short wavelength limit for chains of $N\\gg 1$ ions. Remarkably, the results\nthat are found analytically in the thermodynamic limit provide a good estimate\nof the spectrum of excitations of small chains down to few tens of ions. The\nspectra are used to compute the thermodynamic functions of the chain.\nDeviations from extensivity of the thermodynamic quantities are found. An\nanalytic expression for the critical transverse frequency determining the\nstability of a linear chain is derived."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renyi Entropy of Chaotic Eigenstates: Using arguments built on ergodicity, we derive an analytical expression for\nthe Renyi entanglement entropies corresponding to the finite-energy density\neigenstates of chaotic many-body Hamiltonians. The expression is a universal\nfunction of the density of states and is valid even when the subsystem is a\nfinite fraction of the total system - a regime in which the reduced density\nmatrix is not thermal. We find that in the thermodynamic limit, only the von\nNeumann entropy density is independent of the subsystem to the total system\nratio $V_A/V$, while the Renyi entropy densities depend non-linearly on\n$V_A/V$. Surprisingly, Renyi entropies $S_n$ for $n > 1$ are convex functions\nof the subsystem size, with a volume law coefficient that depends on $V_A/V$,\nand exceeds that of a thermal mixed state at the same energy density. We\nprovide two different arguments to support our results: the first one relies on\na many-body version of Berry's formula for chaotic quantum mechanical systems,\nand is closely related to eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. The second\nargument relies on the assumption that for a fixed energy in a subsystem, all\nstates in its complement allowed by the energy conservation are equally likely.\nWe perform Exact Diagonalization study on quantum spin-chain Hamiltonians to\ntest our analytical predictions, and find good agreement.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium quantum chains under multi-site Lindblad baths: We study a quantum XX chain coupled to two heat reservoirs that act on\nmultiple-sites and are kept at different temperatures and chemical potentials.\nThe baths are described by Lindblad dissipators which are constructed by direct\ncoupling to the fermionic normal modes of the chain. Using a perturbative\nmethod, we are able to find analytical formulas for all steady-state properties\nof the system. We compute both the particle/magnetization current and the\nenergy current, both of which are found to have the structure of Landauer's\nformula. We also obtain exact formulas for the Onsager coefficients. All\nproperties are found to differ substantially from those of a single-site bath.\nIn particular, we find a strong dependence on the intensity of the bath\ncouplings. In the weak coupling regime, we show that the Onsager reciprocal\nrelations are satisfied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics and nonequilibrium states in the Hamiltonian mean-field model:\n  A closer look: We critically revisit the evidence for the existence of quasistationary\nstates in the globally coupled XY (or Hamiltonian mean-field) model. A\nslow-relaxation regime at long times is clearly revealed by numerical\nrealizations of the model, but no traces of quasistationarity are found during\nthe earlier stages of the evolution. We point out the nonergodic properties of\nthis system in the short-time range, which makes a standard statistical\ndescription unsuitable. New aspects of the evolution during the nonergodic\nregime, and of the energy distribution function in the final approach to\nequilibrium, are disclosed.",
        "positive": "Anomalous heating in a colloidal system: We report anomalous heating in a colloidal system, the first observation of\nthe inverse Mpemba effect, where an initially cold system heats up faster than\nan identical warm system coupled to the same thermal bath. For an overdamped,\nBrownian colloidal particle moving in a tilted double-well potential, we find a\nnon-monotonic dependence of the heating times on the initial temperature of the\nsystem, as predicted by an eigenfunction expansion of the associated\nFokker-Planck equation. By carefully tuning parameters, we also observe a\n\"strong\" version of anomalous heating, where a cold system heats up\nexponentially faster than systems prepared under slightly different conditions"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random Field XY Model in Three Dimensions: The Role of Vortices: We study vortex states in a 3d random-field XY model of up to one billion\nlattice spins. Starting with random spin orientations, the sample freezes into\nthe vortex-glass state with a stretched-exponential decay of spin correlations,\nhaving short correlation length and a low susceptibility, compared to\nvortex-free states. In a field opposite to the initial magnetization, peculiar\ntopological objects -- walls of spins still opposite to the field -- emerge\nalong the hysteresis curve. On increasing the field strength, the walls develop\ncracks bounded by vortex loops. The loops then grow in size and eat the walls\naway. Applications to magnets and superconductors are discussed.",
        "positive": "Physical origin underlying the entropy loss upon hydrophobic hydration: The hydrophobic effect (HE) is commonly associated with the demixing of oil\nand water at ambient conditions and plays the leading role in determining the\nstructure and stability of biomolecular assembly in aqueous solutions. On the\nmolecular scale HE has an entropic origin. It is believed that hydrophobic\nparticles induce order in the surrounding water by reducing the volume of con-\nfiguration space available for hydrogen bonding. Here we show with computer\nsimulation results that this traditional picture is not correct. Analyzing\ncollective fluctuations in water clusters we are able to provide a\nfundamentally new picture of HE based on pronounced many-body correlations\naffecting the switching of hydrogen bonds between molecules. These correlations\nemerge as a non-local compensation of reduced fluctuations of local\nelectrostatic fields in the presence of an apolar solute."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Star-unitary transformations. From dynamics to irreversibility and\n  stochastic behavior: We consider a simple model of a classical harmonic oscillator coupled to a\nfield. In standard approaches Langevin-type equations for {\\it bare} particles\nare derived from Hamiltonian dynamics. These equations contain memory terms and\nare time-reversal invariant. In contrast the phenomenological Langevin\nequations have no memory terms (they are Markovian equations) and give a time\nevolution split in two branches (semigroups), each of which breaks time\nsymmetry. A standard approach to bridge dynamics with phenomenology is to\nconsider the Markovian approximation of the former. In this paper we present a\nformulation in terms of {\\it dressed} particles, which gives exact Markovian\nequations. We formulate dressed particles for Poincar\\'e nonintegrable systems,\nthrough an invertible transformation operator $\\Lam$ introduced by Prigogine\nand collaborators. $\\Lam$ is obtained by an extension of the canonical\n(unitary) transformation operator $U$ that eliminates interactions for\nintegrable systems. Our extension is based on the removal of divergences due to\nPoincar\\'e resonances, which breaks time-symmetry. The unitarity of $U$ is\nextended to ``star-unitarity'' for $\\Lam$. We show that $\\Lam$-transformed\nvariables have the same time evolution as stochastic variables obeying Langevin\nequations, and that $\\Lam$-transformed distribution functions satisfy exact\nFokker-Planck equations. The effects of Gaussian white noise are obtained by\nthe non-distributive property of $\\Lam$ with respect to products of dynamical\nvariables. Therefore our method leads to a direct link between dynamics of\nPoincar\\'e nonintegrable systems, probability and stochasticity.",
        "positive": "Scaling and precursor motifs in earthquake networks: A measure of the correlation between two earthquakes is used to link events\nto their aftershocks, generating a growing network structure. In this framework\none can quantify whether an aftershock is close or far, from main shocks of all\nmagnitudes. We find that simple network motifs involving links to far\naftershocks appear frequently before the three biggest earthquakes of the last\n16 years in Southern California. Hence, networks could be useful to detect\nsymptoms typically preceding major events."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Weak-ergodicity-breaking via lattice supersymmetry: We study the spectral properties of $D$-dimensional $N=2$ supersymmetric\nlattice models. We find systematic departures from the eigenstate\nthermalization hypothesis (ETH) in the form of a degenerate set of\nETH-violating supersymmetric (SUSY) doublets, also referred to as many-body\nscars, that we construct analytically. These states are stable against\narbitrary SUSY-preserving perturbations, including inhomogeneous couplings. For\nthe specific case of two-leg ladders, we provide extensive numerical evidence\nthat shows how those states are the only ones violating the ETH, and discuss\ntheir robustness to SUSY-violating perturbations. Our work suggests a generic\nmechanism to stabilize quantum many-body scars in lattice models in arbitrary\ndimensions.",
        "positive": "Critical points of the random cluster model with Newman-Ziff sampling: We present a method for computing transition points of the random cluster\nmodel using a generalization of the Newman-Ziff algorithm, a celebrated\ntechnique in numerical percolation, to the random cluster model. The new method\nis straightforward to implement and works for real cluster weight $q>0$.\nFurthermore, results for an arbitrary number of values of $q$ can be found at\nonce within a single simulation. Because the algorithm used to sweep through\nbond configurations is identical to that of Newman and Ziff, which was\nconceived for percolation, the method loses accuracy for large lattices when\n$q>1$. However, by sampling the critical polynomial, accurate estimates of\ncritical points in two dimensions can be found using relatively small lattice\nsizes, which we demonstrate here by computing critical points for non-integer\nvalues of $q$ on the square lattice, to compare with the exact solution, and on\nthe unsolved non-planar square matching lattice. The latter results would be\nmuch more difficult to obtain using other techniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strict Detailed Balance is Unnecessary in Monte Carlo Simulation: Detailed balance is an overly strict condition to ensure a valid Monte Carlo\nsimulation. We show that, under fairly general assumptions, a Monte Carlo\nsimulation need satisfy only the weaker balance condition. Not only does our\nproof show that sequential updating schemes are correct, but also it\nestablishes the correctness of a whole class of new methods that simply leave\nthe Boltzmann distribution invariant.",
        "positive": "A Supersymmetry approach to billiards with randomly distributed\n  scatterers: The density of states for a chaotic billiard with randomly distributed\npoint-like scatterers is calculated, doubly averaged over the positions of the\nimpurities and the shape of the billiard. Truncating the billiard Hamiltonian\nto a N x N matrix, an explicit analytic expression is obtained for the case of\nbroken time-reversal symmetry, depending on rank N of the matrix, number L of\nscatterers, and strength of the scattering potential. In the strong coupling\nlimit a discontinuous change is observed in the density of states as soon as L\nexceeds N."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of Interpretation: Over the past few years, different types of data-driven Artificial\nIntelligence (AI) techniques have been widely adopted in various domains of\nscience for generating predictive models. However, because of their black-box\nnature, it is crucial to establish trust in these models before accepting them\nas accurate. One way of achieving this goal is through the implementation of a\npost-hoc interpretation scheme that can put forward the reasons behind a\nblack-box model's prediction. In this work, we propose a classical\nthermodynamics inspired approach for this purpose: Thermodynamically\nExplainable Representations of AI and other black-box Paradigms (TERP). TERP\nworks by constructing a linear, local surrogate model that approximates the\nbehaviour of the black-box model within a small neighborhood around the\ninstance being explained. By employing a simple forward feature selection\nalgorithm, TERP assigns an interpretability score to all the possible surrogate\nmodels. Compared to existing methods, TERP improves interpretability by\nselecting an optimal interpretation from these models by drawing simple\nparallels with classical thermodynamics. To validate TERP as a generally\napplicable method, we successfully demonstrate how it can be used to obtain\ninterpretations of a wide range of black-box model architectures including deep\nlearning Autoencoders, Recurrent neural networks and Convolutional neural\nnetworks applied to different domains including molecular simulations, image,\nand text classification respectively.",
        "positive": "A geometric bound on the efficiency of irreversible thermodynamic cycles: Stochastic thermodynamics has revolutionized our understanding of heat\nengines operating in finite time. Recently, numerous studies have considered\nthe optimal operation of thermodynamic cycles acting as heat engines with a\ngiven profile in thermodynamic space (e.g. $P-V$ space in classical\nthermodynamics), with a particular focus on the Carnot engine. In this work, we\nuse the lens of thermodynamic geometry to explore the full space of\nthermodynamic cycles with continuously-varying bath temperature in search of\noptimally shaped cycles acting in the slow-driving regime. We apply classical\nisoperimetric inequalities to derive a universal geometric bound on the\nefficiency of any irreversible thermodynamic cycle and explicitly construct\nefficient heat engines operating in finite time that nearly saturate this bound\nfor a specific model system. Given the bound, these optimal cycles perform more\nefficiently than all other thermodynamic cycles operating as heat engines in\nfinite time, including notable cycles, such as those of Carnot, Stirling, and\nOtto. For example, in comparison to recent experiments, this corresponds to\norders of magnitude improvement in the efficiency of engines operating in\ncertain time regimes. Our results suggest novel design principles for future\nmesoscopic heat engines and are ripe for experimental investigation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-Passage-Driven Boundary Recession: We investigate a moving boundary problem for a Brownian particle on the\nsemi-infinite line in which the boundary moves by a distance proportional to\nthe time between successive collisions of the particle and the boundary.\nPhenomenologically rich dynamics arises. In particular, the probability for the\nparticle to first reach the moving boundary for the $n^\\text{th}$ time\nasymptotically scales as $t^{-(1+2^{-n})}$. Because the tail of this\ndistribution becomes progressively fatter, the typical time between successive\nfirst passages systematically gets longer. We also find that the number of\ncollisions between the particle and the boundary scales as $\\ln\\ln t$, while\nthe time dependence of the boundary position varies as $t/\\ln t$.",
        "positive": "Diffusion-limited deposition with dipolar interactions: fractal\n  dimension and multifractal structure: Computer simulations are used to generate two-dimensional diffusion-limited\ndeposits of dipoles. The structure of these deposits is analyzed by measuring\nsome global quantities: the density of the deposit and the lateral correlation\nfunction at a given height, the mean height of the upper surface for a given\nnumber of deposited particles and the interfacial width at a given height.\nEvidences are given that the fractal dimension of the deposits remains constant\nas the deposition proceeds, independently of the dipolar strength. These same\ndeposits are used to obtain the growth probability measure through Monte Carlo\ntechniques. It is found that the distribution of growth probabilities obeys\nmultifractal scaling, i.e. it can be analyzed in terms of its $f(\\alpha)$\nmultifractal spectrum. For low dipolar strengths, the $f(\\alpha)$ spectrum is\nsimilar to that of diffusion-limited aggregation. Our results suggest that for\nincreasing dipolar strength both the minimal local growth exponent\n$\\alpha_{min}$ and the information dimension $D_1$ decrease, while the fractal\ndimension remains the same."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Molecular theory of anomalous diffusion - Application to Fluorescence\n  Correlation Spectroscopy: The nonlinear theory of anomalous diffusion is based on particle interactions\ngiving an explicit microscopic description of diffusive processes leading to\nsub-, normal, or super-diffusion as a result competitive effects between\nattractive and repulsive interactions. We present the explicit analytical\nsolution to the nonlinear diffusion equation which we then use to compute the\ncorrelation function which is experimentally measured by correlation\nspectroscopy. The theoretical results are applicable in particular to the\nanalysis of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of marked molecules in\nbiological systems. More specifically we consider the case of fluorescently\nlabeled lipids and we find that the nonlinear correlation spectrum reproduces\nvery well the experimental data indicating sub-diffusive molecular motion of\nlipid molecules in the cell membrane.",
        "positive": "Multicritical behavior of the diluted contact process: We study a contact process on a two-dimensional square lattice which is\ndiluted by randomly removing bonds with probability p. For p<1/2 and varying\nbirth rate $\\lambda$ the model was shown to exhibit a continuous phase\ntransition which belongs to the universality class of strongly disordered\ndirected percolation. The phase transition line terminates in a multicritical\npoint at p=1/2 and $\\lambda=\\lambda*=3.55(1)$, where the model can be\ninterpreted as a critical directed percolation process running on a critical\nisotropic percolation cluster. In the present work we study the multicritical\npoint and its neighboorhood by numerical simulations, discussing possible\nscaling forms which could describe the critical behavior at the transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interface Pinning and Finite-Size Effects in the 2D Ising Model: We apply new techniques developed in a previous paper to the study of some\nsurface effects in the 2D Ising model. We examine in particular the\npinning-depinning transition. The results are valid for all subcritical\ntemperatures. By duality we obtained new finite size effects on the asymptotic\nbehaviour of the two-point correlation function above the critical temperature.\nThe key-point of the analysis is to obtain good concentration properties of the\nmeasure defined on the random lines giving the high-temperature representation\nof the two-point correlation function, as a consequence of the sharp triangle\ninequality: let tau(x) be the surface tension of an interface perpendicular to\nx; then for any x,y\n  tau(x)+tau(y)-tau(x+y) >= 1/kappa(||x||+||y||-||x+y||),\n  where kappa is the maximum curvature of the Wulff shape and ||x|| the\nEuclidean norm of x.",
        "positive": "Models of competitive learning: complex dynamics, intermittent\n  conversions and oscillatory coarsening: We present two models of competitive learning, which are respectively\ninterfacial and cooperative learning. This learning is outcome-related, so that\nspatially and temporally local environments influence the conversion of a given\nsite between one of two different types. We focus here on the behavior of the\nmodels at coexistence, which yields new critical behavior and the existence of\na phase involving a novel type of coarsening which is oscillatory in nature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Faceted anomalous scaling in the epitaxial growth of semiconductor films: We apply the generic dynamical scaling theory (GDST) to the surfaces of CdTe\npolycrystalline films grown in glass substrates. The analysed data were\nobtained with a stylus profiler with an estimated resolution lateral resolution\nof $l_c=0.3 \\mu$m. Both real two-point correlation function and power spectrum\nanalyses were done. We found that the GDST applied to the surface power spectra\nforesees faceted morphology in contrast with the self-affine surface indicated\nby the local roughness exponent found via the height-height correlation\nfunction. This inconsistency is explained in terms of convolution effects\nresulting from the finite size of the probe tip used to scan the surfaces. High\nresolution AFM images corroborates the predictions of GDST.",
        "positive": "Finite-size scaling corrections in two-dimensional Ising and Potts\n  ferromagnets: Finite-size corrections to scaling of critical correlation lengths and free\nenergies of Ising and three-state Potts ferromagnets are analysed by numerical\nmethods, on strips of width $N$ sites of square, triangular and honeycomb\nlattices. Strong evidence is given that the amplitudes of the ``analytical''\ncorrection terms, $N^{-2}$, are identically zero for triangular-- and honeycomb\nIsing systems. For Potts spins, our results are broadly consistent with this\nlattice-dependent pattern of cancellations, though for correlation lengths\nnon-vanishing (albeit rather small) amplitudes cannot be entirely ruled out."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Drived diffusion of vector fields: A model for the diffusion of vector fields driven by external forces is\nproposed. Using the renormalization group and the $\\epsilon$-expansion, the\ndynamical critical properties of the model with gaussian noise for dimensions\nbelow the critical dimension are investigated and new transport universality\nclasses are obtained.",
        "positive": "Quantum phase transitions of ultra-cold Bose system in non-rectangular\n  optical lattices: In this paper, we investigate systematically the Mott-insulator-Superfluid\nquantum phase transitions for ultracold scalar bosons in triangular, hexagonal,\nas well as Kagom\\'e optical lattices. With the help of field-theoretical\neffective potential, by treating the hopping term in Bose-Hubbard model as\nperturbation, we calculate the phase boundaries analytically for different\ninteger filling factors. Our analytical results are in good agreement with\nrecent numerical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-temperature local protein sequence alignment: percolation and\n  free-energy distribution: Sequence alignment is a tool in bioinformatics that is used to find\nhomological relationships in large molecular databases. It can be mapped on the\nphysical model of directed polymers in random media. We consider the\nfinite-temperature version of local sequence alignment for proteins and study\nthe transition between the linear phase and the biologically relevant\nlogarithmic phase, where the free-energy grows linearly or logarithmically with\nthe sequence length. By means of numerical simulations and finite-size scaling\nanalysis we determine the phase diagram in the plane that is spanned by the gap\ncosts and the temperature. We use the most frequently used parameter set for\nprotein alignment. The critical exponents that describe the parameter driven\ntransition are found to be explicitly temperature dependent.\n  Furthermore, we study the shape of the (free-) energy distribution close to\nthe transition by rare-event simulations down to probabilities of the order\n$10^{-64}$. It is well known that, in the logarithmic region, the optimal score\ndistribution (T=0) is described by a modified Gumbel distribution. We confirm\nthat this also applies for the free-energy distribution ($T>0$). However, in\nthe linear phase, the distribution crosses over to a modified Gaussian\ndistribution.",
        "positive": "Effective Theory for the Measurement-Induced Phase Transition of Dirac\n  Fermions: A wave function exposed to measurements undergoes pure state dynamics, with\ndeterministic unitary and probabilistic measurement induced state updates,\ndefining a quantum trajectory. For many-particle systems, the competition of\nthese different elements of dynamics can give rise to a scenario similar to\nquantum phase transitions. To access it despite the randomness of single\nquantum trajectories, we construct an $n$-replica Keldysh field theory for the\nensemble average of the $n$-th moment of the trajectory projector. A key\nfinding is that this field theory decouples into one set of degrees of freedom\nthat heats up indefinitely, while $n-1$ others can be cast into the form of\npure state evolutions generated by an effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. This\ndecoupling is exact for free theories, and useful for interacting ones. In\nparticular, we study locally measured Dirac fermions in $(1+1)$ dimensions,\nwhich can be bosonized to a monitored interacting Luttinger liquid at long\nwavelengths. For this model, the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian corresponds to a\nquantum Sine-Gordon model with complex coefficients. A renormalization group\nanalysis reveals a gapless critical phase with logarithmic entanglement entropy\ngrowth, and a gapped area law phase, separated by a\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. The physical picture emerging here\nis a pinning of the trajectory wave function into eigenstates of the\nmeasurement operators upon increasing the monitoring rate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanical evaluation of spread spectrum watermarking model\n  with image restoration: In cases in which an original image is blind, a decoding method where both\nthe image and the messages can be estimated simultaneously is desirable. We\npropose a spread spectrum watermarking model with image restoration based on\nBayes estimation. We therefore need to assume some prior probabilities. The\nprobability for estimating the messages is given by the uniform distribution,\nand the ones for the image are given by the infinite range model and 2D Ising\nmodel. Any attacks from unauthorized users can be represented by channel\nmodels. We can obtain the estimated messages and image by maximizing the\nposterior probability.\n  We analyzed the performance of the proposed method by the replica method in\nthe case of the infinite range model. We first calculated the theoretical\nvalues of the bit error rate from obtained saddle point equations and then\nverified them by computer simulations. For this purpose, we assumed that the\nimage is binary and is generated from a given prior probability. We also assume\nthat attacks can be represented by the Gaussian channel. The computer\nsimulation retults agreed with the theoretical values.\n  In the case of prior probability given by the 2D Ising model, in which each\npixel is statically connected with four-neighbors, we evaluated the decoding\nperformance by computer simulations, since the replica theory could not be\napplied. Results using the 2D Ising model showed that the proposed method with\nimage restoration is as effective as the infinite range model for decoding\nmessages.\n  We compared the performances in a case in which the image was blind and one\nin which it was informed. The difference between these cases was small as long\nas the embedding and attack rates were small. This demonstrates that the\nproposed method with simultaneous estimation is effective as a watermarking\ndecoder.",
        "positive": "Compensation and its systematics in spin-1/2 Ising trilayered triangular\n  ferrimagnet: Trilayered, Ising, spin-1/2, ferrimagnets are an interesting subject for\nsimulational studies for they show compensation effect. A Monte Carlo study on\nsuch a system with sublayers on triangular lattice is performed in the current\nwork. Three layers, making up the bulk, is formed completely by either A or B\ntype of atoms. The interactions between like atoms (A-A; B-B) are ferromagnetic\nand between unlike ones (A-B) are anti-ferromagnetic. Thus the system has three\ncoupling constants and manifests into two distinct trilayer compositions: AAB\nand ABA. Metropolis single spin flip algorithm is employed for the simulation\nand the location of the critical points (sublattice magnetisations vanish,\nleading to zero bulk magnetisation) and the compensation points (bulk\nmagnetisation vanishes but nonzero sublattice magnetisations exist) are\nestimated. Close range simulations with variable lattice sizes for compensation\npoint and Binder's cumulant crossing technique for critical points are employed\nfor analysis and conditions for the existence of compensation points are\ndetermined. Comprehensive phase diagrams are obtained in the Hamiltonian\nparameter space and morphological studies at critical and compensation\ntemperatures for both the configurations are also reported. The alternative\ndescription in terms of Inverse absolute of reduced residual magnetisation and\nTemperature interval between Critical and Compensation temperatures is also\nproposed and compared with traditional simulational results. Such simulational\nstudies and the proposed systematics of compensation effect are useful in\ndesigning materials for specific technological applications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transition in frustrated thin films -- physics at phase boundaries: In this review, I outline some principal theoretical knowledge on the\nproperties of frustrated systems and thin films. The two points I would like to\nemphasize: i) the physics in low dimensions where exact solutions can be\nobtained, ii) the physics at phase boundaries where spectacular phenomena can\noccur due to competing interactions of the two phases around the boundary. This\ncompetition causes a frustration. I will concentrate my attention to thin films\nand phenomena occurring near the boundary of two phases of different\nsymmetries. The case of two-dimensional (2D) systems is in fact the limiting\ncase of thin films with a monolayer. Naturally, I will treat this case at the\nbeginning. After a short introduction on frustrated spin systems, I show\nseveral 2D frustrated Ising spin systems which can be exactly solved by using\nvertex models. These systems contain most of the spectacular effects due to the\nfrustration: high ground-state degeneracy, existence of several phases in the\nground-state phase diagram, multiple phase transitions with increasing\ntemperature, reentrance, disorder lines, partial disorder at equilibrium.\nEvidences of such effects in non solvable models are also shown and discussed.\nThin films are next presented with different aspects: surface elementary\nexcitations (surface spin-waves), surface phase transition and criticality.\nSeveral examples are shown and discussed. New results on skyrmions in thin\nfilms and superlattices are also displayed.",
        "positive": "Quantum-classical correspondence of strongly chaotic many-body spin\n  models: We study the quantum-classical correspondence for systems with interacting\nspin-particles that are strongly chaotic in the classical limit. This is done\nin the presence of constants of motion associated with the fixed angular\nmomenta of individual spins. Our analysis of the Lyapunov spectra reveals that\nthe largest Lyapunov exponent agrees with the Lyapunov exponent that determines\nthe local instability of each individual spin moving under the influence of all\nother spins. Within this picture, we introduce a rigorous and simple test of\nergodicity for the spin motion, and use it to identify when classical chaos is\nboth strong and global in phase space. In the quantum domain, our analysis of\nthe Hamiltonian matrix in a proper representation allows us to obtain the\nconditions for the onset of quantum chaos as a function of the model\nparameters. From the comparison between the quantum and classical domains, we\ndemonstrate that quantum quantities, such as the local density of states (LDOS)\nand the shape of the chaotic eigenfunctions written in the non-interacting\nmany-body basis, have well-defined classical counterparts. Another central\nfinding is the relationship between the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy and the width\nof the LDOS, which is useful for studies of many-body dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality Classes of Fluctuation Dynamics in Hierarchical Complex\n  Systems: A unified approach is proposed to describe the statistics of the short time\ndynamics of multiscale complex systems. The probability density function of the\nrelevant time series (signal) is represented as a statistical superposition of\na large time-scale distribution weighted by the distribution of certain\ninternal variables that characterize the slowly changing background. The\ndynamics of the background is formulated as a hierarchical stochastic model\nwhose form is derived from simple physical constraints, which in turn restrict\nthe dynamics to only two possible classes. The probability distributions of\nboth the signal and the background have simple representations in terms of\nMeijer G-functions. The two universality classes for the background dynamics\nmanifest themselves in the signal distribution as two types of tails: power law\nand stretched exponential, respectively. A detailed analysis of empirical data\nfrom classical turbulence and financial markets shows excellent agreement with\nthe theory.",
        "positive": "Correlation functions of the integrable higher-spin XXX and XXZ spin\n  chains through the fusion method: For the integrable higher-spin XXX and XXZ spin chains we present\nmultiple-integral representations for the correlation function of an arbitrary\nproduct of Hermitian elementary matrices in the massless ground state. We give\na formula expressing it by a single term of multiple integrals. In particular,\nwe explicitly derive the emptiness formation probability (EFP). We assume\n$2s$-strings for the ground-state solution of the Bethe ansatz equations for\nthe spin-$s$ XXZ chain, and solve the integral equations for the spin-$s$\nGaudin matrix.\n  In terms of the XXZ coupling $\\Delta$ we define $\\zeta$ by $\\Delta=\\cos\n\\zeta$, and put it in a region $0 \\le \\zeta < \\pi/2s$ of the gapless regime:\n$-1 < \\Delta \\le 1$ ($0 \\le \\zeta < \\pi$), where $\\Delta=1$ ($\\zeta=0$)\ncorresponds to the antiferromagnetic point. We calculate the zero-temperature\ncorrelation functions by the algebraic Bethe ansatz, introducing the Hermitian\nelementary matrices in the massless regime, and taking advantage of the fusion\nconstruction of the $R$-matrix of the higher-spin representations of the affine\nquantum group."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Disaster Management in Scale-Free Networks: Recovery from and Protection\n  Against Intentional Attacks: Susceptibility of scale free Power Law (PL) networks to attacks has been\ntraditionally studied in the context of what may be termed as {\\em\ninstantaneous attacks}, where a randomly selected set of nodes and edges are\ndeleted while the network is kept {\\em static}. In this paper, we shift the\nfocus to the study of {\\em progressive} and instantaneous attacks on {\\em\nreactive} grown and random PL networks, which can respond to attacks and take\nremedial steps. In the process, we present several techniques that managed\nnetworks can adopt to minimize the damages during attacks, and also to\nefficiently recover from the aftermath of successful attacks. For example, we\npresent (i) compensatory dynamics that minimize the damages inflicted by\ntargeted progressive attacks, such as linear-preferential deletions of nodes in\ngrown PL networks; the resulting dynamic naturally leads to the emergence of\nnetworks with PL degree distributions with exponential cutoffs; (ii)\ndistributed healing algorithms that can scale the maximum degree of nodes in a\nPL network using only local decisions, and (iii) efficient means of creating\ngiant connected components in a PL network that has been fragmented by attacks\non a large number of high-degree nodes. Such targeted attacks are considered to\nbe a major vulnerability of PL networks; however, our results show that the\nintroduction of only a small number of random edges, through a {\\em reverse\npercolation} process, can restore connectivity, which in turn allows\nrestoration of other topological properties of the original network. Thus, the\nscale-free nature of the networks can itself be effectively utilized for\nprotection and recovery purposes.",
        "positive": "Triangular arbitrage as an interaction among foreign exchange rates: We first show that there are in fact triangular arbitrage opportunities in\nthe spot foreign exchange markets, analyzing the time dependence of the\nyen-dollar rate, the dollar-euro rate and the yen-euro rate. Next, we propose a\nmodel of foreign exchange rates with an interaction. The model includes effects\nof triangular arbitrage transactions as an interaction among three rates. The\nmodel explains the actual data of the multiple foreign exchange rates well."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ratchet transport with subdiffusion: We introduce a model which incorporate the subdiffusive dynamics and the\nratchet effect. Using a subordination ideology, we show that the resulting\ndirected transport is sublinear, $<x(t)> \\simeq Jt^{\\beta}$, $\\beta < 1$. The\nproposed model may be relevant to a phenomenon of saltatory microbiological\nmotility.",
        "positive": "Spectral densities of Wishart-Levy free stable random matrices:\n  Analytical results and Monte Carlo validation: Random matrix theory is used to assess the significance of weak correlations\nand is well established for Gaussian statistics. However, many complex systems,\nwith stock markets as a prominent example, exhibit statistics with power-law\ntails, that can be modelled with Levy stable distributions. We review\ncomprehensively the derivation of an analytical expression for the spectra of\ncovariance matrices approximated by free Levy stable random variables and\nvalidate it by Monte Carlo simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantifying Nonstationary Radioactivity Concentration Fluctuations Near\n  Chernobyl: A Complete Statistical Description: We analyze nonstationary $^{137}$Cs atmospheric activity concentration\nfluctuations measured near Chernobyl after the 1986 disaster and find three new\nresults: (i) the histogram of fluctuations is well described by a log-normal\ndistribution, (ii) there is a pronounced spectral component with period T=1 y,\nand (iii) the fluctuations are long-range correlated. These findings allow us\nto quantify two fundamental statistical properties of the data - the\nprobability distribution and the correlation properties of the time series. We\ninterpret our findings as evidence that the atmospheric radionuclide\nresuspension processes are tightly coupled to the surrounding ecosystems and to\nlarge time scale weather patterns.",
        "positive": "Spin Stiffness of Stacked Triangular Antiferromagnets: We study the spin stiffness of stacked triangular antiferromagnets using both\nheat bath and broad histogram Monte Carlo methods. Our results are consistent\nwith a continuous transition belonging to the chiral universality class first\nproposed by Kawamura."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase ordering dynamics of reconstituting particles: We consider the large-time dynamics of one-dimensional processes involving\nadsorption and desorption of extended hard-core particles (dimers,\ntrimers,\\,$\\cdots,k$-mers), while interacting through their constituent\nmonomers. Desorption can occur whether or not these latter adsorbed together,\nwhich leads to reconstitution of $k$-mers and the appearance of sectors of\nmotion with nonlocal conservation laws for $k \\ge 3$. Dynamic exponents of the\nsector including the empty chain are evaluated by finite-size scaling analyses\nof the relaxation times embodied in the spectral gaps of evolution operators.\nFor attractive interactions it is found that in the low-temperature limit such\ntime scales converge to those of the Glauber dynamics, thus suggesting a\ndiffusive universality class for $k \\ge 2$. This is also tested by simulated\nquenches down to $T=0$ where a common scaling function emerges. By contrast,\nunder repulsive interactions the low-temperature dynamics is characterized by\nmetastable states which decay subdiffusively to a highly degenerate and\npartially jammed phase.",
        "positive": "From the sine-Gordon field theory to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth\n  equation: We unveil a remarkable connection between the sine-Gordon quantum field\ntheory and the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) growth equation. We find that the\nnon-relativistic limit of the two point correlation function of the sine-Gordon\ntheory is related to the generating function of the height distribution of the\nKPZ field with droplet initial conditions, i.e. the directed polymer free\nenergy with two endpoints fixed. As shown recently, the latter can be expressed\nas a Fredholm determinant which in the large time separation limit converges to\nthe GUE Tracy-Widom cumulative distribution. Possible applications and\nextensions are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Escort--Husimi distributions, Fisher information and nonextensivity: We evaluate generalized information measures constructed with Husimi\ndistributions and connect them with the Wehrl entropy, on the one hand, and\nwith thermal uncertainty relations, on the other one. The concept of escort\ndistribution plays a central role in such a study. A new interpretation\nconcerning the meaning of the nonextensivity index $q$ is thereby provided. A\nphysical lower bound for $q$ is also established, together with a ``state\nequation\" for $q$ that transforms the escort-Cramer--Rao bound into a thermal\nuncertainty relation.",
        "positive": "Strong-coupling phases of the anisotropic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation: We study the anisotropic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation using nonperturbative\nrenormalization group methods. In contrast to a previous analysis in the\nweak-coupling regime we find the strong coupling fixed point corresponding to\nthe isotropic rough phase to be always locally stable and unaffected by the\nanisotropy even at non-integer dimensions. Apart from the well-known weak\ncoupling and the now well established isotropic strong coupling behavior, we\nfind an anisotropic strong coupling fixed point for nonlinear couplings of\nopposite signs at non-integer dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probing quantum statistical mechanics with Bose gases: Non-trivial order\n  parameter topology from a Bose-Einstein quench: This is a less technical presentation of the ideas in quant-ph/9804035 [Phys\nRev Lett 83 (1999), 1707-1710]. A second order phase transition induced by a\nrapid quench can lock out topological defects with densities far exceeding\ntheir equilibrium expectation values. This phenomenon is a generic prediction\nof nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, and can appear in a wide range of\nphysical systems. We discuss it qualitatively in the context of trapped dilute\nBose-Einstein condensates, outline a simple quantitative theory based on the\ntime-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation, and briefly compare the results of\nquantum kinetic theory.",
        "positive": "Simulation of quantum zero-point effects in water using a\n  frequency-dependent thermostat: Molecules like water have vibrational modes with a zero-point energy well\nabove room temperature. As a consequence, classical molecular dynamics\nsimulations of their liquids largely underestimate the energy of modes with a\nhigher zero-point temperature, which translates into an underestimation of\ncovalent interatomic distances due to anharmonic effects. Zero-point effects\ncan be recovered using path integral molecular dynamics simulations, but these\nare computationally expensive, making their combination with ab initio\nmolecular dynamics simulations a challenge. As an alternative to path integral\nmethods, from a computationally simple perspective, one would envision the\ndesign of a thermostat capable of equilibrating and maintaining the different\nvibrational modes at their corresponding zero-point temperatures. Recently,\nCeriotti et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 020601 (2009)) introduced a framework to\nuse a custom-tailored Langevin equation with correlated noise that can be used\nto include quantum fluctuations in classical molecular dynamics simulations.\nHere we show that it is possible to use the generalized Langevin equation with\nsuppressed noise in combination with Nose-Hoover thermostats to efficiently\nimpose a zero-point temperature on independent modes in liquid water. Using our\nsimple and inexpensive method, we achieve excellent agreement for all atomic\npair correlation functions compared to the path integral molecular dynamics\nsimulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Network-Growth Rule Dependence of Fractal Dimension of Percolation\n  Cluster on Square Lattice: To investigate the network-growth rule dependence of certain geometric\naspects of percolation clusters, we propose a generalized network-growth rule\nintroducing a generalized parameter $q$ and we study the time evolution of the\nnetwork. The rule we propose includes a rule in which elements are randomly\nconnected step by step and the rule recently proposed by Achlioptas {\\it et\nal.} [Science {\\bf 323} (2009) 1453]. We consider the $q$-dependence of the\ndynamics of the number of elements in the largest cluster. As $q$ increases,\nthe percolation step is delayed. Moreover, we also study the $q$-dependence of\nthe roughness and the fractal dimension of the percolation cluster.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic power law of moments in a random multiplicative process with\n  weak additive noise: It is well known that a random multiplicative process with weak additive\nnoise generates a power-law probability distribution. It has recently been\nrecognized that this process exhibits another type of power law: the moment of\nthe stochastic variable scales as a function of the additive noise strength. We\nclarify the mechanism for this power-law behavior of moments by treating a\nsimple Langevin-type model both approximately and exactly, and argue this\nmechanism is universal. We also discuss the relevance of our findings to noisy\non-off intermittency and to singular spatio-temporal chaos recently observed in\nsystems of non-locally coupled elements."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Force induced triple point for interacting polymers: We show the existence of a force induced triple point in an interacting\npolymer problem that allows two zero-force thermal phase transitions. The phase\ndiagrams for three different models of mutually attracting but self avoiding\npolymers are presented. One of these models has an intermediate phase and it\nshows a triple point but not the others. A general phase diagram with\nmulticritical points in an extended parameter space is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Light scattering as a Poisson process and first-passage probability: A particle entering a scattering and absorbing medium executes a random walk\nthrough a sequence of scattering events. The particle ultimately achieves\nfirst-passage, leaving the medium or it is absorbed. The Kubelka-Munk model\ndescribes a flux of particles moving perpendicular to the surface of a\nplane-parallel medium. The particle path alternates between the positive\ndirection into the medium and the negative direction back towards the surface.\nBackscattering events from the positive to the negative direction occur at\nlocal maxima or peaks, while backscattering from the negative to the positive\ndirection occur at local minima or valleys. The probability of a particle\navoiding absorption as it follows its path decreases exponentially with the\npath-length \\(\\lambda\\). The reflectance of a semi-infinite slab is therefore\nthe Laplace transform of the distribution of path-length that ends with a\nfirst-passage out of the medium. In the case of a constant scattering rate the\nrandom walk is a Poisson process. We verify our results with two iterative\ncalculations, one using the properties of iterated convolution with a symmetric\nkernel and the other via direct calculation with an exponential step-length\ndistribution.\n  We present a novel demonstration, based on fluctuation theory of sums of\nrandom variables, that the first-passage probability as a function of the\nnumber of peaks in the alternating path is a step-length distribution-free\ncombinatoric expression. Counting paths with backscattering on the real\nhalf-line results in the same Catalan number coefficients as Dyck paths on the\nwhole numbers. Including a separate forward-scattering Poisson process results\nin an expression related to counting Motzkin paths. We therefore connect walks\non the real line to discrete path combinatorics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collapse and revival of excitations in Bose-Einstein condensates: We study the energies and decay of elementary excitations in weakly\ninteracting Bose-Einstein condensates within a finite-temperature gapless\nsecond-order theory. The energy shifts for the high-lying collective modes turn\nout to be systematically negative compared with the\nHartree-Fock-Bogoliubov-Popov approximation and the decay of the low-lying\nmodes is found to exhibit collapse and revival effects. In addition,\nperturbation theory is used to qualitatively explain the experimentally\nobserved Beliaev decay process of the scissors mode.",
        "positive": "Spectral Lyapunov exponents in chaotic and localized many-body quantum\n  systems: We consider the spectral statistics of the Floquet operator for disordered,\nperiodically driven spin chains in their quantum chaotic and many-body\nlocalized phases (MBL). The spectral statistics are characterized by the traces\nof powers $t$ of the Floquet operator, and our approach hinges on the fact\nthat, for integer $t$ in systems with local interactions, these traces can be\nre-expressed in terms of products of dual transfer matrices, each representing\na spatial slice of the system. We focus on properties of the dual transfer\nmatrix products as represented by a spectrum of Lyapunov exponents, which we\ncall \\textit{spectral Lyapunov exponents}. In particular, we examine the\nfeatures of this spectrum that distinguish chaotic and MBL phases. The transfer\nmatrices can be block-diagonalized using time-translation symmetry, and so the\nspectral Lyapunov exponents are classified according to a momentum in the time\ndirection. For large $t$ we argue that the leading Lyapunov exponents in each\nmomentum sector tend to zero in the chaotic phase, while they remain finite in\nthe MBL phase. These conclusions are based on results from three complementary\ntypes of calculation. We find exact results for the chaotic phase by\nconsidering a Floquet random quantum circuit with on-site Hilbert space\ndimension $q$ in the large-$q$ limit. In the MBL phase, we show that the\nspectral Lyapunov exponents remain finite by systematically analyzing models of\nnon-interacting systems, weakly coupled systems, and local integrals of motion.\nNumerically, we compute the Lyapunov exponents for a Floquet random quantum\ncircuit and for the kicked Ising model in the two phases. As an additional\nresult, we calculate exactly the higher point spectral form factors (hpSFF) in\nthe large-$q$ limit, and show that the generalized Thouless time scales\nlogarithmically in system size for all hpSFF in the large-$q$ chaotic phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Frenkel-Kontorova Model: This paper gives a review of our recent work on the quantum Frenkel-Kontorova\nmodel. Using the squeezed state theory and the quantum Monte Carlo method, we\nhave studied the effects of quantum fluctuations on the Aubry transition and\nthe behavior of the ground state wave function. We found that quantum\nfluctuations renormalize the sinusoidal standard map to a sawtooth map.\nAlthough quantum fluctuations have smeared the Aubry transition, the remnants\nof this transition are still discernible. The ground state wave function also\nchanges from an extended state to a localized state. The squeezed state results\nagree very well with those from the Monte Carlo and mean field studies.",
        "positive": "Complex Spacing Ratios: A Signature of Dissipative Quantum Chaos: We introduce a complex-plane generalization of the consecutive level-spacing\ndistribution, used to distinguish regular from chaotic quantum spectra. Our\napproach features the distribution of complex-valued ratios between nearest-\nand next-to-nearest neighbor spacings. We show that this quantity can\nsuccessfully detect the chaotic or regular nature of complex-valued spectra.\nThis is done in two steps. First, we show that, if eigenvalues are\nuncorrelated, the distribution of complex spacing ratios is flat within the\nunit circle, whereas random matrices show a strong angular dependence in\naddition to the usual level repulsion. The universal fluctuations of Gaussian\nUnitary and Ginibre Unitary universality classes in the large-matrix-size limit\nare shown to be well described by Wigner-like surmises for small-size matrices\nwith eigenvalues on the circle and on the two-torus, respectively. To study the\nlatter case, we introduce the Toric Unitary Ensemble, characterized by a flat\njoint eigenvalue distribution on the two-torus. Second, we study different\nphysical situations where nonhermitian matrices arise: dissipative quantum\nsystems described by a Lindbladian, non-unitary quantum dynamics described by\nnonhermitian Hamiltonians, and classical stochastic processes. We show that\nknown integrable models have a flat distribution of complex spacing ratios\nwhereas generic cases, expected to be chaotic, conform to Random Matrix Theory\npredictions. Specifically, we were able to clearly distinguish chaotic from\nintegrable dynamics in boundary-driven dissipative spin-chain Liouvillians and\nin the classical asymmetric simple exclusion process and to differentiate\nlocalized from delocalized phases in a nonhermitian disordered many-body\nsystem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tricritical behavior in dynamical phase transitions: We identify a new scenario for dynamical phase transitions associated with\ntime-integrated observables occurring in diffusive systems described by the\nmacroscopic fluctuation theory. It is characterized by the pairwise meeting of\nfirst- and second-order bias-induced phase transition curves at two tricritical\npoints. We formulate a simple, general criterion for its appearance and derive\nan exact Landau theory for the tricritical behavior. The scenario is\ndemonstrated in three examples: the simple symmetric exclusion process biased\nby an activity-related structural observable; the Katz-Lebowitz-Spohn lattice\ngas model biased by its current; and in an active lattice gas biased by its\nentropy production.",
        "positive": "Physical Pictures of Transport in Heterogeneous Media:\n  Advection-Dispersion, Random Walk and Fractional Derivative Formulations: The basic conceptual picture and theoretical basis for development of\ntransport equations in porous media are examined. The general form of the\ngoverning equations is derived for conservative chemical transport in\nheterogeneous geological formations, for single realizations and for ensemble\naverages of the domain. The application of these transport equations is focused\non accounting for the appearance of non-Fickian (anomalous) transport behavior.\nThe general ensemble-averaged transport equation is shown to be equivalent to a\ncontinuous time random walk (CTRW) and reduces to the conventional forms of the\nadvection-dispersion equation (ADE) under highly restrictive conditions.\nFractional derivative formulations of the transport equations, both temporal\nand spatial, emerge as special cases of the CTRW. In particular, the use in\nthis context of L{\\'e}vy flights is critically examined. In order to determine\nchemical transport in field-scale situations, the CTRW approach is generalized\nto non-stationary systems. We outline a practical numerical scheme, similar to\nthose used with extended geological models, to account for the often important\neffects of unresolved heterogeneities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First order phase transition in a modified Ziff-Gulari-Barshad model\n  with self-oscillating reactant coverages: Using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we study the effect of oscillatory\nkinetics due to surface reconstructions on Ziff-Gulari-Barshad (ZGB) model\ndiscontinuous phase transition. To investigate the transition, we do extensive\nfinite size scaling analysis. It is found that the discontinuous transition\nstill exists. On inclusion of desorption in the model, the order-parameter\nprobability distribution broadens but remains bimodal. That is, the first-order\nphase transition becomes weaker with increase in desorption rate.",
        "positive": "Testing self-organized criticality by induced seismicity: We examine the hypothesis proposed in recent years by several authors that\nthe crust is in a self-organized critical (SOC) state by exploring how the SOC\nconcept can help in understanding the observed earthquake clustering on\nrelatively narrow fault domains and the phenomenon of induced seismicity. We\nreview the major reported cases of induced seismicity in various parts of the\nworld and find that both pore pressure changes (+/-p) and mass transfers (+/-m)\nleading to incremental deviatoric stresses of <<1 MPa are sufficient to trigger\nseismic instabilities in the uppermost crust with magnitude ranging up to 7.0\nin otherwise historically aseismic areas. Once triggered, stress variations of\nat least 1 order of magnitude less but still larger than the ~0.01 MPa tidal\nstress are enough to sustain seismic activity. We argue that these observations\nare in accord with the SOC hypothesis as they show that a significant fraction\nof the crust is not far from instability and can thus be made unstable by\nminute perturbations. Not all perturbations, however, trigger seismic activity;\nthis is also compatible with the SOC hypothesis which embodies naturally the\nexistence of large heterogeneities in the stress field. In conclusion, the\nproperties of induced seismicity and their rationalization in terms of the SOC\nconcept provide further evidence that potential seismic hazards extend over a\nmuch larger area than that where earthquakes are frequent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Geometry of Nonequilibrium Fluctuations in Cyclically\n  Driven Transport: Nonequilibrium thermal machines under cyclic driving generally outperform\nsteady-state counterparts. However, there is still lack of coherent\nunderstanding of versatile transport and fluctuation features under time\nmodulations. Here, we formulate a theoretical framework of thermodynamic\ngeometry in terms of full counting statistics of nonequilibrium driven\ntransports. We find that, besides the conventional dynamic and adiabatic\ngeometric curvature contributions, the generating function is divided into an\nadditional nonadiabatic contribution, manifested as the metric term of full\ncounting statistics. This nonadiabatic metric generalizes recent results of\nthermodynamic geometry in near-equilibrium entropy production to\nfar-from-equilibrium fluctuations of general currents. Furthermore, the\nframework proves geometric thermodynamic uncertainty relations of\nnear-adiabatic thermal devices, constraining fluctuations in terms of\nstatistical metric quantities. We exemplify the theory in experimentally\naccessible driving-induced quantum chiral transport and Brownian heat pump.",
        "positive": "Generalization of the Lie-Trotter Product Formula for q-Exponential\n  Operators: The Lie-Trotter formula $e^{\\hat{A}+\\hat{B}} = \\lim_{N\\to \\infty}\n(e^{\\hat{A}/N} e^{\\hat{B}/N})^N$ is of great utility in a variety of quantum\nproblems ranging from the theory of path integrals and Monte Carlo methods in\ntheoretical chemistry, to many-body and thermostatistical calculations. We\ngeneralize it for the q-exponential function $e_q (x) = [1+ (1-q)\nx]^{(1/(1-q))}$ (with $e_1(x)=e^x$), and prove $e_q(\\hat{A}+\\hat{B}+(1-q)\n[\\hat{A}\\hat{B}+\\hat{B}\\hat{A}] /2) = \\lim_{N\\to \\infty}\n{[e_{1-(1-q)N}(\\hat{A}/N)] [e_{1-(1-q)N}(\\hat{B}/N)]}^N$. This extended formula\nis expected to be similarly useful in the nonextensive situations"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The shortest path to complex networks: 1. The birth of network science. 2. What are random networks? 3. Adjacency\nmatrix. 4. Degree distribution. 5. What are simple networks? Classical random\ngraphs. 6. Birth of the giant component. 7. Topology of the Web. 8.Uncorrelated\nnetworks. 9. What are small worlds? 10. Real networks are mesoscopic objects.\n11. What are complex networks? 12. The configuration model. 13. The absence of\ndegree--degree correlations. 14.Networks with correlated degrees.15.Clustering.\n16. What are small-world networks? 17. `Small worlds' is not the same as\n`small-world networks'. 18. Fat-tailed degree distributions. 19.Reasons for the\nfat-tailed degree distributions. 20. Preferential linking. 21. Condensation of\nedges. 22. Cut-offs of degree distributions. 23. Reasons for correlations in\nnetworks. 24. Classical random graphs cannot be used for comparison with real\nnetworks. 25. How to measure degree--degree correlations. 26. Assortative and\ndisassortative mixing. 27. Disassortative mixing does not mean that vertices of\nhigh degrees rarely connect to each other. 28. Reciprocal links in directed\nnets. 29. Ultra-small-world effect. 30. Tree ansatz. 31.Ultraresilience against\nrandom failures. 32. When correlated nets are ultraresilient. 33. Vulnerability\nof complex networks. 34. The absence of an epidemic threshold. 35. Search based\non local information. 36.Ultraresilience disappears in finite nets. 37.Critical\nbehavior of cooperative models on networks. 38. Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless\nphase transitions in networks. 39.Cascading failures. 40.Cliques & communities.\n41. Betweenness. 42.Extracting communities. 43. Optimal paths. 44.Distributions\nof the shortest-path length & of the loop's length are narrow. 45. Diffusion on\nnetworks. 46. What is modularity? 47.Hierarchical organization of networks. 48.\nConvincing modelling of real-world networks:Is it possible? 49. The small Web..",
        "positive": "Density relaxation in conserved Manna sandpiles: We study relaxation of long-wavelength density perturbations in one\ndimensional conserved Manna sandpile. Far from criticality where correlation\nlength $\\xi$ is finite, relaxation of density profiles having wave numbers $k\n\\rightarrow 0$ is diffusive, with relaxation time $\\tau_R \\sim k^{-2}/D$ with\n$D$ being the density-dependent bulk-diffusion coefficient. Near criticality\nwith $k \\xi \\gsim 1$, the bulk diffusivity diverges and the transport becomes\nanomalous; accordingly, the relaxation time varies as $\\tau_R \\sim k^{-z}$,\nwith the dynamical exponent $z=2-(1-\\beta)/\\nu_{\\perp} < 2$, where $\\beta$ is\nthe critical order-parameter exponent and and $\\nu_{\\perp}$ is the critical\ncorrelation-length exponent. Relaxation of initially localized density profiles\non infinite critical background exhibits a self-similar structure. In this\ncase, the asymptotic scaling form of the time-dependent density profile is\nanalytically calculated: we find that, at long times $t$, the width $\\sigma$ of\nthe density perturbation grows anomalously, i.e., $\\sigma \\sim t^{w}$, with the\ngrowth exponent $\\omega=1/(1+\\beta) > 1/2$. In all cases, theoretical\npredictions are in reasonably good agreement with simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Casimir-like force between intruders in granular gases: We numerically study a two-dimensional granular gas of rigid disks where an\nexternal driving force is applied to each particle in such a way that the\nsystem is driven into a steady state by balancing the energy input and the\ndissipation due to inelastic collisions. Two intruder particles embedded in\nthis correlated medium experience a fluctuation-induced force -- that is itself\na fluctuating quantity -- due to the confinement of the hydrodynamic\nfluctuations between them. We find that the probability distribution of this\nforce is a Gaussian centered on a value that is proportional to the\nsteady-state temperature and grows logarithmically with system size. We\ninvestigate the effect of the other relevant parameters and estimate the force\nusing the Fourier transform of the fluctuating hydrodynamic fields.",
        "positive": "Statistical Entropy of Open Quantum Systems: Dissipative quantum systems are frequently described within the framework of\nthe so-called \"system-plus-reservoir\" approach. In this work we assign their\ndescription to the Maximum Entropy Formalism and compare the resulting\nthermodynamic properties with those of the well - established approaches. Due\nto the non-negligible coupling to the heat reservoir, these systems are\nnon-extensive by nature, and the former task may require the use of\nnon-extensive parameter dependent informational entropies. In doing so, we\naddress the problem of choosing appropriate forms of those entropies in order\nto describe a consistent thermodynamics for dissipative quantum systems.\nNevertheless, even having chosen the most successful and popular forms of those\nentropies, we have proven our model to be a counterexample where this sort of\napproach leads us to wrong results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-avoiding walks and polygons on the triangular lattice: We use new algorithms, based on the finite lattice method of series\nexpansion, to extend the enumeration of self-avoiding walks and polygons on the\ntriangular lattice to length 40 and 60, respectively. For self-avoiding walks\nto length 40 we also calculate series for the metric properties of mean-square\nend-to-end distance, mean-square radius of gyration and the mean-square\ndistance of a monomer from the end points. For self-avoiding polygons to length\n58 we calculate series for the mean-square radius of gyration and the first 10\nmoments of the area. Analysis of the series yields accurate estimates for the\nconnective constant of triangular self-avoiding walks, $\\mu=4.150797226(26)$,\nand confirms to a high degree of accuracy several theoretical predictions for\nuniversal critical exponents and amplitude combinations.",
        "positive": "Condensation of Eigen Microstate in Statistical Ensemble and Phase\n  Transition: In a statistical ensemble with $M$ microstates, we introduce an $M \\times M$\ncorrelation matrix with the correlations between microstates as its elements.\nUsing eigenvectors of the correlation matrix, we can define eigen microstates\nof the ensemble. The normalized eigenvalue by $M$ represents the weight factor\nin the ensemble of the corresponding eigen microstate. In the limit $M \\to\n\\infty$, weight factors go to zero in the ensemble without localization of\nmicrostate. The finite limit of weight factor when $M \\to \\infty$ indicates a\ncondensation of the corresponding eigen microstate. This indicates a phase\ntransition with new phase characterized by the condensed eigen microstate. We\npropose a finite-size scaling relation of weight factors near critical point,\nwhich can be used to identify the phase transition and its universality class\nof general complex systems. The condensation of eigen microstate and the\nfinite-size scaling relation of weight factors have been confirmed by the Monte\nCarlo data of one-dimensional and two-dimensional Ising models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion approximations to the chemical master equation only have a\n  consistent stochastic thermodynamics at chemical equilibrium: The stochastic thermodynamics of a dilute, well-stirred mixture of\nchemically-reacting species is built on the stochastic trajectories of reaction\nevents obtained from the Chemical Master Equation. However, when the molecular\npopulations are large, the discrete Chemical Master Equation can be\napproximated with a continuous diffusion process, like the Chemical Langevin\nEquation or Low Noise Approximation. In this paper, we investigate to what\nextent these diffusion approximations inherit the stochastic thermodynamics of\nthe Chemical Master Equation. We find that a stochastic-thermodynamic\ndescription is only valid at a detailed-balanced, equilibrium steady state.\nAway from equilibrium, where there is no consistent stochastic thermodynamics,\nwe show that one can still use the diffusive solutions to approximate the\nunderlying thermodynamics of the Chemical Master Equation.",
        "positive": "Quantum phase transition with dissipative frustration: We study the quantum phase transition of the one-dimensional phase model in\nthe presence of dissipative frustration, provided by an interaction of the\nsystem with the environment through two non-commuting operators. Such a model\ncan be realized in Josephson junction chains with shunt resistances and\nresistances between the chain and the ground. Using a self-consistent harmonic\napproximation, we determine the phase diagram at zero temperature which\nexhibits a quantum phase transition between an ordered phase, corresponding to\nthe superconducting state, and a disordered phase, corresponding to the\ninsulating state with localized superconducting charge. Interestingly, we find\nthat the critical line separating the two phases has a non monotonic behavior\nas a function of the dissipative coupling strength. This result is a\nconsequence of the frustration between (i) one dissipative coupling that\nquenches the quantum phase fluctuations favoring the ordered phase and (ii) one\nthat quenches the quantum momentum (charge) fluctuations leading to a vanishing\nphase coherence. Moreover, within the self-consistent harmonic approximation,\nwe analyze the dissipation induced crossover between a first and second order\nphase transition, showing that quantum frustration increases the range in which\nthe phase transition is second order. The non monotonic behavior is reflected\nalso in the purity of the system that quantifies the degree of correlation\nbetween the system and the environment, and in the logarithmic negativity as\nentanglement measure that encodes the internal quantum correlations in the\nchain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Systems : Hard Disks and Harmonic Oscillators Near and\n  Far From Equilibrium: We relate progress in statistical mechanics, both at and far from\nequilibrium, to advances in the theory of dynamical systems. We consider\ncomputer simulations of time-reversible deterministic chaos in small systems\nwith three- and four-dimensional phase spaces. These models provide us with a\nbasis for understanding equilibration and thermodynamic irreversibility in\nterms of Lyapunov instability, fractal distributions, and thermal constraints",
        "positive": "Excitation Gap from Optimized Correlation Functions in Quantum Monte\n  Carlo Simulations: We give a prescription for finding optimized correlation functions for the\nextraction of the gap to the first excited state within quantum Monte Carlo\nsimulations. We demonstrate that optimized correlation functions provide a more\naccurate reading of the gap when compared to other `non-optimized' correlation\nfunctions and are generally characterized by considerably larger\nsignal-to-noise ratios. We also analyze the cost of the procedure and show that\nit is not computationally demanding. We illustrate the effectiveness of the\nproposed procedure by analyzing several exemplary many-body systems of\ninteracting spin-1/2 particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mobility transition in a dynamic environment: Depending on how the dynamical activity of a particle in a random environment\nis influenced by an external field $E$, its differential mobility at\nintermediate $E$ can turn negative. We discuss the case where for slowly\nchanging random environment the driven particle shows negative differential\nmobility while that mobility turns positive for faster environment changes. We\nillustrate this transition using a 2D-lattice Lorentz model where a particle\nmoves in a background of simple exclusion walkers. The effective escape rate of\nthe particle (or minus its collision frequency) which is essential for its\nmobility-behavior depends both on $E$ and on the kinetic rate $\\gamma$ of the\nexclusion walkers. Large $\\gamma$, i.e., fast obstacle motion, amounts to\nmerely rescaling the particle's free motion with the obstacle density, while\nslow obstacle dynamics results in particle motion that is more singularly\nrelated to its free motion and preserves the negative differential mobility\nalready seen at $\\gamma=0$. In more general terms that we also illustrate using\none-dimensional random walkers, the mobility transition is between the\ntime-scales of the quasi-stationary regime and that of the fluid limit.",
        "positive": "Order-disorder transition in repulsive self-propelled particle systems: We study the collective dynamics of repulsive self-propelled particles. The\nparticles are governed by coupled equations of motion that include polar\nself-propulsion, damping of velocity and of polarity, repulsive\nparticle-particle interaction, and deterministic dynamics. Particle dynamics\nsimulations show that the collective coherent motion with large density\nfluctuations spontaneously emerges from a disordered, isotropic state. In the\nparameter region where the rotational damping of polarity is strong, the\nsystems undergoes an abrupt shift to the absorbing ordered state after a\nwaiting period in the metastable disordered state. In order to obtain a simple\nunderstanding of the mechanism underlying the collective behavior, we analyze\nbinary particle scattering process. We show that this approach correctly\npredicts the order-disorder transition at dilute limit. The same approach is\nexpanded for finite densities, although it disagrees with the result from\nmany-particle simulations due to many-body correlations and density\nfluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Projector Method on Curved Manifolds: A generalized stochastic method for projecting out the ground state of the\nquantum many-body Schr\\\"odinger equation on curved manifolds is introduced.\nThis random-walk method is of wide applicability to any second order\ndifferential equation (first order in time), in any spatial dimension. The\ntechnique reduces to determining the proper ``quantum corrections'' for the\nEuclidean short-time propagator that is used to build up their path-integral\nMonte Carlo solutions. For particles with Fermi statistics the ``Fixed-Phase''\nconstraint (which amounts to fixing the phase of the many-body state) allows\none to obtain stable, albeit approximate, solutions with a variational\nproperty. We illustrate the method by applying it to the problem of an electron\nmoving on the surface of a sphere in the presence of a Dirac magnetic monopole.",
        "positive": "Non-Thermal Behavior in Conformal Boundary States: Cardy has recently observed that certain carefully tuned states of 1+1 CFTs\non a timelike strip are periodic with period set by the light-crossing time.\nThe states in question are defined by Euclidean time evolution of conformal\nboundary states associated with the particular boundary conditions imposed on\nthe edges of the strip. We explain this behavior, and the associated lack of\nthermalization, by showing that such states are Lorentz-signature conformal\ntransformations of the strip ground state. Taking the long-strip limit implies\nthat states used to model thermalization on the Minkowski plane admit\nnon-thermal conformal extensions beyond future infinity of the Minkowski plane,\nand thus retain some notion of non-thermal behavior at late times. We also\ncomment on the holographic description of these states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatial Kibble-Zurek mechanism through susceptibilities: the\n  inhomogeneous quantum Ising model case: We study the quantum Ising model in the transverse inhomogeneous magnetic\nfield. Such a system can be approached numerically through exact\ndiagonalization and analytically through the renormalization group techniques.\nBasic insights into its physics, however, can be obtained by adopting the\nKibble-Zurek theory of non-equilibrium phase transitions to description of\nspatially inhomogeneous systems at equilibrium. We employ all these approaches\nand focus on derivatives of longitudinal and transverse magnetizations, which\nhave extrema near the critical point. We discuss how these extrema can be used\nfor locating the critical point and for verification of the Kibble-Zurek\nscaling predictions in the spatial quench.",
        "positive": "Improved Lower Bounds on the Ground-State Entropy of the\n  Antiferromagnetic Potts Model: We present generalized methods for calculating lower bounds on the\nground-state entropy per site, $S_0$, or equivalently, the ground-state\ndegeneracy per site, $W=e^{S_0/k_B}$, of the antiferromagnetic Potts model. We\nuse these methods to derive improved lower bounds on $W$ for several lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Operator Noncommutativity and Irreversibility in Quantum Chaos: We argue that two distinct probes of quantum chaos, i.e., the growth of\nnoncommutativity of two unequal-time operators and the degree of\nirreversibility in a time-reversal test, are equivalent for initially localized\nstates. We confirm this for interacting nonintegrable many-body systems and a\nquantum kicked rotor. Our results show that three-point out-of-time-ordered\ncorrelators dominate the growth of the squared commutator for initially\nlocalized states, in stark contrast to four-point out-of-time-ordered\ncorrelators that have extensively been studied for thermal initial states.",
        "positive": "q-exponential, Weibull, and q-Weibull distributions: an empirical\n  analysis: In a comparative study, the q-exponential and Weibull distributions are\nemployed to investigate frequency distributions of basketball baskets, cyclone\nvictims, brand-name drugs by retail sales, and highway length. In order to\nanalyze the intermediate cases, a distribution, the q-Weibull one, which\ninterpolates the q-exponential and Weibull ones, is introduced. It is verified\nthat the basketball baskets distribution is well described by a q-exponential,\nwhereas the cyclone victims and brand-name drugs by retail sales ones are\nbetter adjusted by a Weibull distribution. On the other hand, for highway\nlength the q-exponential and Weibull distributions do not give satisfactory\nadjustment, being necessary to employ the q-Weibull distribution. Furthermore,\nthe introduction of this interpolating distribution gives an illumination from\nthe point of view of the stretched exponential against inverse power law\n(q-exponential with q > 1) controversy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamical limit in non-extensive and Renyi statistics: Previous results on Renyi and Wang's formalism of the Tsallis thermostatics\nare founded by using an extensive variable z connected to the entropic\nparameter q. It is shown that in the thermodynamical limit both the Tsallis and\nRenyi entropies are extensive functions of state and the temperature of the\nsystem is intensive. In this limit Wang's incomplete nonextensive statistics\nresembles the Tsallis one, but the Renyi thermostatics is reduced to the usual\nBoltzmann-Gibbs one. The principle of additivity and the zeroth law of\nthermodynamics in the canonical ensemble are demonstrated on the particular\nexample of the classical ideal gas of identical particles.",
        "positive": "Logarithmic operator intervals in the boundary theory of critical\n  percolation: We consider the sub-sector of the $c=0$ logarithmic conformal field theory\n(LCFT) generated by the boundary condition changing (bcc) operator in two\ndimensional critical percolation. This operator is the zero weight Kac operator\n$\\phi_{1,2}$, identified with the growing hull of the SLE$_6$ process.\n  We identify percolation configurations with the significant operators in the\ntheory. We consider operators from the first four bcc operator fusions: the\nidentity and bcc operator; the stress tensor and its logarithmic partner; the\nderivative of the bcc operator and its logarithmic partner; and the\npre-logarithmic operator $\\phi_{1,3}$.\n  We construct several intervals in the percolation model, each associated to\none of the LCFT operators we consider, allowing us to calculate crossing\nprobabilities and expectation values of crossing cluster numbers. We review the\nCoulomb gas, which we use as a method of calculating these quantities when the\nnumber of bcc operator makes a direct solution to the system of differential\nequations intractable.\n  Finally we discuss the case of the six-point correlation function, which\napplies to crossing probabilities between the sides of a conformal hexagon.\nSpecifically we introduce an integral result that allows one to identify the\nprobability that a single percolation cluster touches three alternating sides a\nhexagon with free boundaries. We give results of the numerical integration for\nthe case of a regular hexagon."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractality can be a universal signature of phase transitions: Macroscopic systems often display phase transitions where certain physical\nquantities are singular or self-similar at different (spatial) scales. Such\nproperties of systems are currently characterized by some order parameters and\na few critical exponents. Nevertheless, recent studies show that the\nmultifractality, where a large number of exponents are needed to quantify\nsystems, appears in many complex systems displaying self-similarity. Here we\npropose a general approach and show that the appearance of the multifractality\nof an order parameter related quantity is the signature of a physical system\ntransiting from one phase to another. The distribution of this quantity\nobtained within suitable (time) scales satisfies a $q$-Gaussian distribution\nplus a possible Cauchy distributed background. At the critical point the\n$q$-Gaussian shifts between Gaussian type with narrow tails and\nL$\\acute{\\text{e}}$vy type with fat tails. Our results suggest that the Tsallis\n$q$-statistics, besides the conventional Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics, may play\nan important role during phase transitions.",
        "positive": "Non-Markovian and Collective Search Strategies: Agents searching for a target can improve their efficiency by memorizing\nwhere they have already been searching or by cooperating with other searchers\nand using strategies that benefit from collective effects. This chapter reviews\nsuch concepts: non-Markovian and collective search strategies. We start with\nthe first passage properties of continuous non-Markovian processes and then\nproceed to the discrete random walker with 1-step and n-step memory. Next we\ndiscuss the auto-chemotactic walker, a random walker that produces a diffusive\nchemotactic cue from which the walker tries to avoid. Then ensembles of agents\nsearching for a single target are discussed, whence the search efficiency may\ncomprise in addition to the first passage time also metabolic costs. We\nconsider the first passage properties of ensembles of chemotactic random\nwalkers and then the pursuit problem, in which searchers (or hunters /\npredators) see the mobile target over a certain distance. Evasion strategies of\nsingle or many targets are also elucidated. Finally we review collective\nforaging strategies comprising many searchers and many immobile targets. We\nfinish with an outlook on future research directions comprising yet unexplored\nsearch strategies of immune cells and in swarm robotics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Physical swap dynamics, shortcuts to relaxation and entropy production\n  in dissipative Rydberg gases: Dense Rydberg gases are out-of-equilibrium systems where strong\ndensity-density interactions give rise to effective kinetic constraints. They\ncause dynamic arrest associated with highly-constrained many-body\nconfigurations, leading to slow relaxation and glassy behavior. Multi-component\nRydberg gases feature additional long-range interactions such as\nexcitation-exchange. These are analogous to particle swaps used to artificially\naccelerate relaxation in simulations of atomistic models of classical glass\nformers. In Rydberg gases, however, swaps are real physical processes, which\nprovide dynamical shortcuts to relaxation. They permit the accelerated approach\nto stationarity in experiment and at the same time have an impact on the\nnon-equilibrium stationary state. In particular their interplay with radiative\ndecay processes amplifies irreversibility of the dynamics, an effect which we\nquantify via the entropy production at stationarity. Our work highlights an\nintriguing analogy between real dynamical processes in Rydberg gases and\nartificial dynamics underlying advanced Monte Carlo methods. Moreover, it\ndelivers a quantitative characterization of the dramatic effect swaps have on\nthe structure and dynamics of their stationary state.",
        "positive": "q-linear approximants: Scaling functions for polygon models: The perimeter and area generating functions of exactly solvable polygon\nmodels satisfy q-functional equations, where q is the area variable. The\nbehaviour in the vicinity of the point where the perimeter generating function\ndiverges can often be described by a scaling function. We develop the method of\nq-linear approximants in order to extract the approximate scaling behaviour of\npolygon models when an exact solution is not known. We test the validity of our\nmethod by approximating exactly solvable q-linear polygon models. This leads to\nscaling functions for a number of q-linear polygon models, notably generalized\nrectangles, Ferrers diagrams, and stacks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian dynamics approach to interacting magnetic moments: The question how to introduce thermal fluctuations in the equation of motion\nof a magnetic system is addressed. Using the approach of the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem we calculate the properties of the noise for\nboth, the fluctuating field and fluctuating torque (force) representation. In\ncontrast to earlier calculations we consider the general case of a system of\ninteracting magnetic moments without the assumption of axial symmetry. We show\nthat the interactions do not result in any correlations of thermal fluctuations\nin the field representation and that the same widely used formula can be used\nin the most general case. We further prove that close to the equilibrium where\nthe fluctuation-dissipation theorem is valid, both, field and torque (force)\nrepresentations coincide, being different far away from it.",
        "positive": "Sudden change of the thermal contact between two quantum systems: In this paper, we address the issue of the stability of the thermal\nequilibrium of large quantum systems with respect to variations of the thermal\ncontact between them. We study the Schr\\\"odinger time evolution of a free\nbosonic field in two coupled one-dimensional cavities after a sudden change of\nthe contact between the cavities. Though the coupling we consider is\nthermodynamically small, modifying it has a considerable impact on the\ntwo-point correlation functions of the system. We find that they do not return\nto equilibrium but essentially oscillate with a period proportional to the\nlength of the cavities. We compare this coupled cavities system with the\nperfect gas which is described by similar expressions but behaves very\ndifferently."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized-Ensemble Algorithms for the Isobaric-Isothermal Ensemble: We present generalized-ensemble algorithms for isobaric-isothermal molecular\nsimulations. In addition to the multibaric-multithermal algorithm and\nreplica-exchange method for the isobaric-isothermal ensemble, which have\nalready been proposed, we propose a simulated tempering method for this\nensemble. We performed molecular dynamics simulations with these algorithms for\nan alanine dipeptide system in explicit water molecules to test the\neffectiveness of the algorithms. We found that these generalized-ensemble\nalgorithms are all useful for conformational sampling of biomolecular systems\nin the isobaric-isothermal ensemble.",
        "positive": "Unbounded autocatalytic growth on diffusive substrate: the extinction\n  transition: The effect of diffusively correlated spatial fluctuations on the\nproliferation-extinction transition of autocatalytic agents is investigated\nnumerically. Reactants adaptation to spatio-temporal active regions is shown to\nlead to proliferation even if the mean field rate equations predict extinction,\nin agreement with previous theoretical predictions. While in the proliferation\nphase the system admits a typical time scale that dictates the exponential\ngrowth, the extinction times distribution obeys a power law at the parameter\nregion considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum simulation of 3He impurities and of 4He interstitials in solid\n  4He: We have studied the role of an atomic 3He impurity and an interstitial 4He\natom in two- and three-dimensional solid 4He using path integral Monte Carlo\n(PIMC) simulation. We find that when a substitutional 3He impurity is\nintroduced, the impurity becomes localized and occupies an ideal lattice site.\nWhen an interstitial 3He impurity is introduced in the 4He solid, we find that\nthe impurity becomes localized at a substitutional position and, thus, promotes\nthe extra 4He atom to the interstitial space. As a consequence we find that the\none-body density matrix (OBDM) and the superfluid fraction, for the case of a\n4He solid with an interstitial impurity, are very similar to those calculated\nfor a 4He solid with a 4He interstitial atom. Namely, while the off-diagonal\nOBDM approaches zero exponentially with increasing particle displacement for\nthe \"pure\" solid, an interstitial 4He atom or a 3He impurity appear to enhance\nit at long distances. Finally, the effective mass of the 3He impurity\nquasiparticle in 2D and 3D crystalline 4He is estimated.",
        "positive": "A new class of cellular automata with a discontinuous transition: This paper has been withdrawn by the authors due to a mistake in the proof\nand a corresponding incorrect result. A correct rigorous analysis of a similar\nmodel is presented in ``Spiral Model: a cellular automaton with a discontinuous\nglass transition'', arXiv:0709.0378."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarsened Lattice Model for Random Granular Systems: In random systems consisting of grains with size distributions the transport\nproperties are difficult to explore by network models. However, the\nconcentration dependence of effective conductivity and its critical properties\ncan be considered within coarsened lattice model proposed that takes into\naccount information from experimentally known size histograms. For certain\nclasses of size distributions the specific local arrangements of grains can\ninduce either symmetrical or unsymmetrical critical behaviour at two threshold\nconcentrations. Using histogram related parameters the non-monotonic behaviour\nof the conductor-insulator and conductor-superconductor threshold is\ndemonstrated.",
        "positive": "Inertial active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particle in the presence of magnetic\n  field: We consider an inertial active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particle in an athermal\nbath. The particle is charged, constrained to move in a two-dimensional\nharmonic trap, and a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the plane of\nmotion. The steady state correlations and the mean square displacement are\nstudied when the particle is confined as well as when it is set free from the\ntrap. With the help of both numerical simulation and analytical calculations,\nwe observe that inertia plays a crucial role in the dynamics in the presence of\na magnetic field. In a highly viscous medium where the inertial effects are\nnegligible, the magnetic field has no influence on the correlated behaviour of\nposition as well as velocity. In the time asymptotic limit, the overall\ndisplacement of the confined harmonic particle gets enhanced by the presence of\nmagnetic field and saturates for a stronger magnetic field. On the other hand,\nwhen the particle is set free, the overall displacement gets suppressed and\napproaches zero when strength of the field is very high. Interestingly, it is\nseen that in the time asymptotic limit, the confined harmonic particle behaves\nlike a passive particle and becomes independent of the activity, especially in\nthe presence of a very strong magnetic field. Similarly, for a free particle\nthe mean square displacement in the long time limit becomes independent of\nactivity even for a longer persistence of noise correlation in the dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transitions in \"Small\" systems: Traditionally, phase transitions are defined in the thermodynamic limit only.\nWe discuss how phase transitions of first order (with phase separation and\nsurface tension), continuous transitions and (multi)-critical points can be\nseen and classified for small systems. Boltzmann defines the entropy as the\nlogarithm of the area W(E,N)=e^S(E,N) of the surface in the mechanical N-body\nphase space at total energy E. The topology of the curvature determinant D(E,N)\nof S(E,N) allows the classification of phase transitions without taking the\nthermodynamic limit. The first calculation of the entire entropy surface S(E,N)\nfor the diluted Potts model (ordinary (q=3)-Potts model plus vacancies) on a\n50*50 square lattice is shown. The regions in {E,N} where D>0 correspond to\npure phases, ordered resp. disordered, and D<0 represent transitions of first\norder with phase separation and ``surface tension''. These regions are bordered\nby a line with D=0. A line of continuous transitions starts at the critical\npoint of the ordinary (q=3)-Potts model and runs down to a branching point P_m.\nAlong this line \\nabla D vanishes in the direction of the eigenvector v_1 of D\nwith the largest eigen-value \\lambda_1\\approx 0. It characterizes a maximum of\nthe largest eigenvalue \\lambda_1. This corresponds to a critical line where the\ntransition is continuous and the surface tension disappears. Here the\nneighboring phases are indistinguishable. The region where two or more lines\nwith D=0 cross is the region of the (multi)-critical point. The micro-canonical\nensemble allows to put these phenomena entirely on the level of mechanics.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium roughening transition in a simple model of fungal growth\n  in 1+1 dimensions: We introduce a simple model of yeast-like growth of fungi colonies, which\nexhibits a continuous roughening transition far from equilibrium from a smooth\n($\\alpha = 0$) to rough phase ($\\alpha = 1/2$) in 1+1 dimensions. At the\ntransition some scaling exponents are calculated by mapping the problem onto a\ndirected percolation process. The model reproduces the roughening transition\nobserved in some experiments of fungal growth"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-range interacting systems in the unconstrained ensemble: Completely open systems can exchange heat, work, and matter with the\nenvironment. While energy, volume, and number of particles fluctuate under\ncompletely open conditions, the equilibrium states of the system, if they\nexist, can be specified using the temperature, pressure, and chemical potential\nas control parameters. The unconstrained ensemble is the statistical ensemble\ndescribing completely open systems and the replica energy is the appropriate\nfree energy for these control parameters from which the thermodynamics must be\nderived. It turns out that macroscopic systems with short-range interactions\ncannot attain equilibrium configurations in the unconstrained ensemble, since\ntemperature, pressure, and chemical potential cannot be taken as a set of\nindependent variables in this case. In contrast, we show that systems with\nlong-range interactions can reach states of thermodynamic equilibrium in the\nunconstrained ensemble. To illustrate this fact, we consider a modification of\nthe Thirring model and compare the unconstrained ensemble with the canonical\nand grand canonical ones: the more the ensemble is constrained by fixing the\nvolume or number of particles, the larger the space of parameters defining the\nequilibrium configurations.",
        "positive": "Critical properties of the prethermal Floquet Time Crystal: The critical properties characterizing the formation of the Floquet time\ncrystal in the prethermal phase are investigated analytically in the\nperiodically driven $O(N)$ model. In particular, we focus on the critical line\nseparating the trivial phase with period synchronized dynamics and absence of\nlong-range spatial order from the non-trivial phase where long-range spatial\norder is accompanied by period-doubling dynamics. In the vicinity of the\ncritical line, with a combination of dimensional expansion and exact solution\nfor $N\\to\\infty$, we determine the exponent $\\nu$ that characterizes the\ndivergence of the spatial correlation length of the equal-time correlation\nfunctions, the exponent $\\beta$ characterizing the growth of the amplitude of\nthe order-parameter, as well as the initial-slip exponent $\\theta$ of the aging\ndynamics when a quench is performed from deep in the trivial phase to the\ncritical line. The exponents $\\nu, \\beta, \\theta$ are found to be identical to\nthose in the absence of the drive. In addition, the functional form of the\naging is found to depend on whether the system is probed at times that are\nsmall or large compared to the drive period. The spatial structure of the\ntwo-point correlation functions, obtained as a linear response to a perturbing\npotential in the vicinity of the critical line, is found to show algebraic\ndecays that are longer ranged than in the absence of a drive, and besides being\nperiod-doubled, are also found to oscillate in space at the wave-vector\n$\\omega/(2 v)$, $v$ being the velocity of the quasiparticles, and $\\omega$\nbeing the drive frequency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "BBGKY chain and kinetic equations for the level dynamics in an\n  externally perturbed quantum system: Theoretical description and simulation of large quantum coherent systems out\nof equilibrium remains a daunting task. Here we are developing a new approach\nto it based on the Pechukas-Yukawa formalism, which is especially convenient in\ncase of an adiabatically slow external perturbation. In this formalism the\ndynamics of energy levels in an externally perturbed quantum system as a\nfunction of the perturbation parameter is mapped on that of a fictitious\none-dimensional classical gas of particles with cubic repulsion. Equilibrium\nstatistical mechanics of this Pechukas gas allows to reproduce the random\nmatrix theory of energy levels. In the present work, we develop the\nnonequilibrium statistical mechanics of the Pechukas gas, starting with the\nderivation of the Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon (BBGKY) chain of\nequations for the appropriate generalized distribution functions. Sets of\napproximate kinetic equations can be consistently obtained by breaking this\nchain at a particular point (i.e. approximating all higher-order distribution\nfunctions by the products of the lower-order ones). When complemented by the\nequations for the level occupation numbers and inter-level transition\namplitudes, they allow to describe the nonequilibrium evolution of the quantum\nstate of the system, which can describe better a large quantum coherent system\nthan the currently used approaches. In particular, we find that corrections to\nthe factorized approximation of the distribution function scale as 1/N, where N\nis the number of the \"Pechukas gas particles\" (i.e. energy levels in the\nsystem).",
        "positive": "Causal analysis, Correlation-Response and Dynamic cavity: The purpose of this note is to point out analogies between causal analysis in\nstatistics and the correlation-response theory in statistical physics. It is\nfurther shown that for some systems the dynamic cavity offers a way to compute\nthe stationary state of a non- equilibrium process effectively, which could\nthen be taken an alternative starting point of causal analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Divergent Predictive States: The Statistical Complexity Dimension of\n  Stationary, Ergodic Hidden Markov Processes: Even simply-defined, finite-state generators produce stochastic processes\nthat require tracking an uncountable infinity of probabilistic features for\noptimal prediction. For processes generated by hidden Markov chains the\nconsequences are dramatic. Their predictive models are generically\ninfinite-state. And, until recently, one could determine neither their\nintrinsic randomness nor structural complexity. The prequel, though, introduced\nmethods to accurately calculate the Shannon entropy rate (randomness) and to\nconstructively determine their minimal (though, infinite) set of predictive\nfeatures. Leveraging this, we address the complementary challenge of\ndetermining how structured hidden Markov processes are by calculating their\nstatistical complexity dimension -- the information dimension of the minimal\nset of predictive features. This tracks the divergence rate of the minimal\nmemory resources required to optimally predict a broad class of truly complex\nprocesses.",
        "positive": "First passage time of a given level and value of overjump for\n  fluctuations of trajectory observables: The process of fluctuations of trajectory observables of stochastic systems\nis associated with processes with independent increments from the risk theory.\nBoundary problems are considered: first-passage times (times when a certain\nvalue of the variable is first reached), overjumps at the moments of the\nfirst-passage times to reach positive and negative levels. A correspondence\nbetween the expressions of the theory of random processes and thermodynamics of\ntrajectories is established, as well as deviations from such a correspondence\nfor the process of fluctuations of trajectory observables. Relations between\nthe general regularities of the first-passage times in the theory of random\nprocesses and thermodynamics of trajectories are discussed. A more complete use\nof the theory of random processes in physical problems is proposed, the\npossibilities of combining the approaches of the theory of random processes and\nstatistical physics are indicated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat fluctuations in equilibrium: The characteristic function for heat fluctuations in a non equilibrium system\nis characterised by a large deviation function whose symmetry gives rise to a\nfluctuation theorem. In equilibrium the large deviation function vanishes and\nthe heat fluctuations are bounded. Here we consider the characteristic function\nfor heat fluctuations in equilibrium, constituting a sub-leading correction to\nthe large deviation behaviour. Modelling the system by an oscillator coupled to\nan explicit multi-oscillator heat reservoir we evaluate the characteristic\nfunction.",
        "positive": "Navier-Stokes Equation by Stochastic Variational Method: We show for the first time that the stochastic variational method can\nnaturally derive the Navier-Stokes equation starting from the action of ideal\nfluid. In the frame work of the stochastic variational method, the dynamical\nvariables are extended to stochastic quantities. Then the effect of dissipation\nis realized as the direct consequence of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.\nThe present result reveals the potential availability of this approach to\ndescribe more general dissipative processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Many-body resonances in the avalanche instability of many-body\n  localization: Many-body localized (MBL) systems fail to reach thermal equilibrium under\ntheir own dynamics, even though they are interacting, nonintegrable, and in an\nextensively excited state. One instability towards thermalization of MBL\nsystems is the so-called ``avalanche'', where a locally thermalizing rare\nregion is able to spread thermalization through the full system. The spreading\nof the avalanche may be modeled and numerically studied in finite\none-dimensional MBL systems by weakly coupling an infinite-temperature bath to\none end of the system. We find that the avalanche spreads primarily via strong\nmany-body resonances between rare near-resonant eigenstates of the closed\nsystem. Thus we find and explore a detailed connection between many-body\nresonances and avalanches in MBL systems.",
        "positive": "Mass transport of driven inelastic Maxwell mixtures: Mass transport of a driven granular binary mixture is analyzed from the\ninelastic Boltzmann kinetic equation for inelastic Maxwell models (IMM). The\nmixture is driven by a thermostat constituted by two terms: a stochastic force\nand a drag force proportional to the particle velocity. The combined action of\nboth forces attempts to mimic the interaction of solid particles with the\ninterstitial surrounding gas. As with ordinary gases, the use of IMM allows us\nto exactly evaluate the velocity moments of the Boltzmann collision operator\nand so, it opens up the possibility of obtaining the exact forms of the\nNavier--Stokes transport coefficients of the granular mixture. In this work,\nthe diffusion coefficients associated with the mass flux are explicitly\ndetermined in terms of the parameters of the mixture. As a first step, the\nsteady homogeneous state reached by the system when the energy lost by\ncollisions is compensated for by the energy injected by the thermostat is\naddressed. In this steady state, the ratio of kinetic temperatures are\ndetermined and compared against molecular dynamics simulations for inelastic\nhard spheres (IHS). The comparison shows an excellent agreement, even for\nstrong inelasticity and/or disparity in masses and diameters. As a second step,\nthe set of kinetic equations for the mixture is solved by means of the\nChapman-Enskog method for states near homogeneous steady states. In the\nfirst-order approximation, the mass flux is obtained and the corresponding\ndiffusion transport coefficients identified. The results show that the\npredictions for IMM obtained in this work coincide with those previously\nderived for IHS in the first-Sonine approximation when the non-Gaussian\ncorrections to the zeroth-order approximation are neglected."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical dynamics of DNA denaturation: We present detailed molecular dynamics results for the displacement\nautocorrelation spectra of the Peyrard-Bishop model of thermal DNA\ndenaturation. As the phase transition is approached, the spectra depend on\nwhether the wavelength is smaller than, or exceeds the correlation length. In\nthe first case, the spectra are dominated by a single peak, whose frequency\napproaches the bare acoustic frequency of the harmonic chain, and whose\nlinewidth approaches zero as $T_c-T$. In the second case, a central peak (CP)\nfeature is dominant, accounting for most of the weight; the linewidth of the CP\nappears to be temperature-independent. We also present force autocorrelation\nspectra which may be relevant for analyzing the statistical properties of\nlocalized modes.",
        "positive": "Fracture of disordered solids in compression as a critical phenomenon:\n  III. Analysis of the localization transition: The properties of the Hamiltonian developed in Paper II are studied showing\nthat at a particular strain level a ``localization'' phase transition occurs\ncharacterized by the emergence of conjugate bands of coherently oriented\ncracks. The functional integration that yields the partition function is then\nperformed analytically using an approximation that employs only a subset of\nstates in the functional neighborhood surrounding the most probable states.\nSuch integration establishes the free energy of the system, and upon taking the\nderivatives of the free energy, the localization transition is shown to be\ncontinuous and to be distinct from peak stress. When the bulk modulus of the\ngrain material is large, localization always occurs in the softening regime\nfollowing peak stress, while for sufficiently small bulk moduli and at\nsufficiently low confining pressure, the localization occurs in the hardening\nregime prior to peak stress.\n  In the approach to localization, the stress-strain relation for the whole\nrock remains analytic, as is observed both in experimental data and in simpler\nmodels.\n  The correlation function of the crack fields is also obtained. It has a\ncorrelation length characterizing the aspect ratio of the crack clusters that\ndiverges as (\\xi \\sim (\\ep_{c}-\\ep)^{-2}) at localization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tuning the presence of dynamical phase transitions in a generalized $XY$\n  spin chain: We study an integrable spin chain with three spin interactions and the\nstaggered field ($\\lambda$) while the latter is quenched either slowly (in a\nlinear fashion in time ($t$) as $t/\\tau$ where $t$ goes from a large negative\nvalue to a large positive value and $\\tau$ is the inverse rate of quenching) or\nsuddenly. In the process, the system crosses quantum critical points and\ngapless phases. We address the question whether there exist non-analyticities\n(known as dynamical phase transitions (DPTs)) in the subsequent real time\nevolution of the state (reached following the quench) governed by the final\ntime-independent Hamiltonian. In the case of sufficiently slow quenching (when\n$\\tau$ exceeds a critical value $\\tau_1$), we show that DPTs, of the form\nsimilar to those occurring for quenching across an isolated critical point, can\noccur even when the system is slowly driven across more than one critical point\nand gapless phases. More interestingly, in the anisotropic situation we show\nthat DPTs can completely disappear for some values of the anisotropy term\n($\\gamma$) and $\\tau$, thereby establishing the existence of boundaries in the\n$(\\gamma-\\tau)$ plane between the DPT and no-DPT regions in both isotropic and\nanisotropic cases. Our study therefore leads to a unique situation when DPTs\nmay not occur even when an integrable model is slowly ramped across a QCP. On\nthe other hand, considering sudden quenches from an initial value $\\lambda_i$\nto a final value $\\lambda_f$, we show that the condition for the presence of\nDPTs is governed by relations involving $\\lambda_i$, $\\lambda_f$ and $\\gamma$\nand the spin chain must be swept across $\\lambda=0$ for DPTs to occur.",
        "positive": "Factorised Steady States in Mass Transport Models: We study a class of mass transport models where mass is transported in a\npreferred direction around a one-dimensional periodic lattice and is globally\nconserved. The model encompasses both discrete and continuous masses and\nparallel and random sequential dynamics and includes models such as the\nZero-range process and Asymmetric random average process as special cases. We\nderive a necessary and sufficient condition for the steady state to factorise,\nwhich takes a rather simple form."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Weak universality, bicritical points and reentrant transitions in the\n  critical behaviour of a mixed spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 Ising model on the union\n  jack (centered square) lattice: The mixed spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 Ising model on the union jack lattice is\nsolved by establishing a mapping correspondence with the eight-vertex model. It\nis shown that the model under investigation becomes exactly soluble as a\nfree-fermion eight-vertex model when the parameter of uniaxial single-ion\nanisotropy tends to infinity. Under this restriction, the critical points are\ncharacterized by critical exponents from the standard Ising universality class.\nIn a certain subspace of interaction parameters, which corresponds to a\ncoexistence surface between two ordered phases, the model becomes exactly\nsoluble as a symmetric zero-field eight-vertex model. This surface is bounded\nby a line of bicritical points having interaction-dependent critical exponents\nthat satisfy a weak universality hypothesis.",
        "positive": "Hitting and Trapping Times on Branched Structures: In this work we consider a simple random walk embedded in a generic branched\nstructure and we find a close-form formula to calculate the hitting time\n$H\\left(i,f\\right)$ between two arbitrary nodes $i$ and $j$. We then use this\nformula to obtain the set of hitting times $\\left\\{ H\\left(i,f\\right)\\right\\} $\nfor combs and their expectation values, namely the mean-first passage time\n$\\left( \\mbox{MFPT}_{f} \\right)$, where the average is performed over the\ninitial node while the final node $f$ is given, and the global mean-first\npassage time $\\left( \\mbox{GMFPT} \\right)$, where the average is performed over\nboth the initial and the final node. Finally, we discuss applications in the\ncontext of reaction-diffusion problems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inhomogeneous percolation models for spreading phenomena in random\n  graphs: Percolation theory has been largely used in the study of structural\nproperties of complex networks such as the robustness, with remarkable results.\nNevertheless, a purely topological description is not sufficient for a correct\ncharacterization of networks behaviour in relation with physical flows and\nspreading phenomena taking place on them. The functionality of real networks\nalso depends on the ability of the nodes and the edges in bearing and handling\nloads of flows, energy, information and other physical quantities. We propose\nto study these properties introducing a process of inhomogeneous percolation,\nin which both the nodes and the edges spread out the flows with a given\nprobability.\n  Generating functions approach is exploited in order to get a generalization\nof the Molloy-Reed Criterion for inhomogeneous joint site bond percolation in\ncorrelated random graphs. A series of simple assumptions allows the analysis of\nmore realistic situations, for which a number of new results are presented. In\nparticular, for the site percolation with inhomogeneous edge transmission, we\nobtain the explicit expressions of the percolation threshold for many\ninteresting cases, that are analyzed by means of simple examples and numerical\nsimulations. Some possible applications are debated.",
        "positive": "New order parameters in the Potts model on a Cayley tree: For the $q-$state Potts model new order parameters projecting on a group of\nspins instead of a single spin are introduced. On a Cayley tree this allows the\nphysical interpretation of the Potts model at noninteger values q of the number\nof states. The model can be solved recursively. This recursion exhibits chaotic\nbehaviour changing qualitatively at critical values of $q_0$ . Using an\nadditional order parameter belonging to a group of zero extrapolated size the\nadditional ordering is related to a percolation problem. This percolation\ndistinguishes different phases and explains the critical indices of percolation\nclass occuring at the Peierls temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Can one have preroughening of vicinal surfaces?: We discuss the possibility that, besides roughening, a vicinal surface could\ndisplay preroughening (PR), and consider the possible mechanisms for its\npromotion. Within the framework of a terrace-step-kink model, it turns out that\na PR transition is possible, and could be induced by a short-range repulsion\nbetween parallel kinks along the same step or on adjacent steps, or even by\nsome kind of extended range step-step repulsion. We discuss the possible\nrelevance of this phenomenon to the anomalous roughening behaviour recently\nreported for Ag(115).",
        "positive": "Infinitely many states and stochastic symmetry in a Gaussian\n  Potts-Hopfield model: We study a Gaussian Potts-Hopfield model. Whereas for Ising spins and two\ndisorder variables per site the chaotic pair scenario is realized, we find that\nfor q-state Potts spins [{q(q-1} \\over 2]-tuples occur. Beyond the breaking of\na continous stochastic symmetry, we study the fluctuations and obtain the\nNewman-Stein metastate description for our model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-Loop Crossover Scaling Functions of the O(N) Model: Using Environmentally Friendly Renormalization, we present an analytic\ncalculation of the series for the renormalization constants that describe the\nequation of state for the $O(N)$ model in the whole critical region. The\nsolution of the beta-function equation, for the running coupling to order two\nloops, exhibits crossover between the strong coupling fixed point, associated\nwith the Goldstone modes, and the Wilson-Fisher fixed point. The Wilson\nfunctions $\\gamma_\\lambda$, $\\gamma_\\phi$ and $\\gamma_{\\phi^2}$, and thus the\neffective critical exponents associated with renormalization of the transverse\nvertex functions, also exhibit non-trivial crossover between these fixed\npoints.",
        "positive": "Efficiency statistics of a quantum Otto cycle: The stochastic efficiency [G. Verley et al., Nat. Commun. 5, 4721 (2014)] was\nintroduced to evaluate the performance of energy-conversion machines in\nmicro-scale. However, such an efficiency generally diverges when no heat is\nabsorbed while work is produced in a thermodynamic cycle. As a result, any\nstatistical moments of the efficiency do not exist. In this study, we come up\nwith a different version of the definition for the stochastic efficiency which\nis always finite. Its mean value is equal to the conventional efficiency, and\nhigher moments characterize the fluctuations of the cycle. In addition, the\nfluctuation theorems are re-expressed via the efficiency. For working substance\nsatisfying the equipartition theorem, we clarify that the thermodynamic\nuncertainty relation for efficiency is valid in an Otto engine. To demonstrate\nour general discussions, the efficiency statistics of a quantum\nharmonic-oscillator Otto engine is systematically investigated. The probability\nthat the stochastic efficiency surpasses the Carnot efficiency is explicitly\nobtained. This work may shed new insight for optimizing micro-machines with\nfluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical exponents of surface-interacting self-avoiding walks on a\n  family of truncated n-simplex lattices: We study the critical behavior of surface-interacting self-avoiding random\nwalks on a class of truncated simplex lattices, which can be labeled by an\ninteger $n\\ge 3$. Using the exact renormalization group method we have been\nable to obtain the exact values of various critical exponents for all values of\nn up to n=6. We also derived simple formulas which describe the asymptotic\nbehavior of these exponents in the limit of large n ($n\\to\\infty$). In spite of\nthe fact that the coordination number of the lattice tends to infinity in this\nlimit, we found that the most of the studied critical exponents approach\ncertain finite values, which differ from corresponding values for simple random\nwalks (without self-avoiding walk constraint).",
        "positive": "Canonical Solution of Classical Magnetic Models with Long-Range\n  Couplings: We study the canonical solution of a family of classical $n-vector$ spin\nmodels on a generic $d$-dimensional lattice; the couplings between two spins\ndecay as the inverse of their distance raised to the power $\\alpha$, with\n$\\alpha<d$. The control of the thermodynamic limit requires the introduction of\na rescaling factor in the potential energy, which makes the model extensive but\nnot additive. A detailed analysis of the asymptotic spectral properties of the\nmatrix of couplings was necessary to justify the saddle point method applied to\nthe integration of functions depending on a diverging number of variables. The\nproperties of a class of functions related to the modified Bessel functions had\nto be investigated. For given $n$, and for any $\\alpha$, $d$ and lattice\ngeometry, the solution is equivalent to that of the $\\alpha=0$ model, where the\ndimensionality $d$ and the geometry of the lattice are irrelevant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Absence of logarithmic divergence of the entanglement entropies at the\n  phase transitions of a 2D classical hard rod model: Entanglement entropy is a powerful tool to detect continuous, discontinuous\nand even topological phase transitions in quantum as well as classical systems.\nIn this work, von Neumann and Renyi entanglement entropies are studied\nnumerically for classical lattice models in a square geometry. A cut is made\nfrom the center of the square to the midpoint of one of its edges, say the\nright edge. The entanglement entropies measure the entanglement between the\nleft and right halves of the system. As in the strip geometry, von Neumann and\nRenyi entanglement entropies diverge logarithmically at the transition point\nwhile they display a jump for first-order phase transitions. The analysis is\nextended to a classical model of non-overlapping finite hard rods deposited on\na square lattice for which Monte Carlo simulations have shown that, when the\nhard rods span over 7 or more lattice sites, a nematic phase appears in the\nphase diagram between two disordered phases. A new Corner Transfer Matrix\nRenormalization Group algorithm (CTMRG) is introduced to study this model. No\nlogarithmic divergence of entanglement entropies is observed at the phase\ntransitions in the CTMRG calculation discussed here. We therefore infer that\nthe transitions neither can belong to the Ising universality class, as\npreviously assumed in the literature, nor be discontinuous.",
        "positive": "Relativistic Kinetic Theory of Polyatomic Gases: Classical Limit of a\n  New Hierarchy of Moments and Qualitative Analysis: A relativistic version of the Kinetic Theory for polyatomic gas is considered\nand a new hierarchy of moments that takes into account the total energy\ncomposed by the rest energy and the energy of the molecular internal modes is\npresented. In the first part, we prove via classical limit that the truncated\nsystem of moments dictates a precise hierarchy of moments in the classical\nframework. In the second part, we consider the particular physical case of\nfifteen moments closed via Maximum Entropy Principle in a neighborhood of\nequilibrium state. We prove that this symmetric hyperbolic system satisfies all\nthe general assumption of some theorems that guarantee the global existence of\nsmooth solutions for initial data sufficiently small."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Direct measurements of the dynamical correlation length indicate its\n  divergence at an athermal glass transition: The super-cooled $N3$ model exhibits an increasingly slow dynamics as density\napproaches the model's random closest packing density. Here, we present a\ndirect measurement of the dynamical correlation function $G_4(r,t)$, showing\nthe emergence of a growing length scale $\\xi_4$ across which the dynamics is\ncorrelated. The correlation length measured, up to 120 lattice sites, power-law\ndiverges as the density approaches $\\rho_t$, the density at which the fluid\nphase of the model is predicted to terminate. It is shown that the four-point\nsusceptibility, often used as an agent to estimate $\\xi_4$, does not depend\nsimply on the latter. Rather, it depends strongly on the short-range behavior\nof $G_4(r,t)$. Consequently, $\\chi_4$ peaks before $\\xi_4$ reaches its maximal\nvalue. The two quantities should therefore be studied independently.",
        "positive": "A renewal approach to configurational entropy in one dimension: We introduce a novel approach, inspired from the theory of renewal processes,\nto determine the configurational entropy of ensembles of constrained\nconfigurations of particles on the one-dimensional lattice. The proposed method\ncan deal with all local rules involving only the lengths of clusters of\noccupied and empty sites. Within this scope, this method is both more\nsystematic and easier to implement than the transfer-matrix approach. It is\nillustrated in detail on the $k$-mer deposition model and on ensembles of\ntrapped Rydberg atoms with blockade range $b$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The simplest model of jamming: We study a well known machine learning model -the perceptron- as a simple\nmodel of jamming of hard objects. We exhibit two regimes: 1) a convex\noptimisation regime where jamming is hypostatic and non-critical. 2) a non\nconvex optimisation regime where jamming is isostatic and critical. We\ncharacterise the critical jamming phase through exponents describing the\ndistributions law of forces and gaps. Surprisingly we find that these exponents\ncoincide with the corresponding ones recently computed in high dimensional hard\nspheres. In addition, modifying the perceptron to a random linear programming\nproblem, we show that isostaticity is not a sufficient condition for singular\nforce and gap distributions. For that, fragmentation of the space of solutions\n(replica symmetry breaking) appears to be a crucial ingredient. We hypothesise\nuniversality for a large class of non-convex constrained satisfaction problems\nwith continuous variables.",
        "positive": "Vortex transport and voltage noise in disordered superconductors: We study, by means of three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations, the\ncurrent-voltage (IV) characteristics and the voltage noise spectrum at low\ntemperatures of driven magnetic flux lines interacting with randomly placed\npoint or columnar defects, as well as with periodically arranged linear pinning\ncenters. Near the depinning current J_c, the voltage noise spectrum S(w)\nuniversally follows a 1/w^a power law. For currents J > J_c, distinct peaks\nappear in S(w) which are considerably more pronounced for extended as compared\nto point defects, and reflect the spatial distribution of the correlated\npinning centers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic statistical basis of classical Thermodynamics of finite\n  systems: Heat can flow from cold to hot at any phase separation. Therefore\nLynden-Bell's gravo-thermal catastrophe must be reconsidered. The original\nobjects of Thermodynamics, the separation of phases at first order phase\ntransitions, like boiling water in steam engines, are not described by a single\ncanonical ensemble. Inter-phase fluctuations are not covered. The basic\nprinciples of statistical mechanics, especially of phase transitions have to be\nreconsidered without the use of the thermodynamic limit. Then thermo-statistics\napplies also to nuclei and large astronomical systems. A lot of similarity\nexists between the accessible phase space of fragmenting nuclei and\ninhomogeneous multi stellar systems.",
        "positive": "Finite-size scaling of survival probability in branching processes: Branching processes pervade many models in statistical physics. We\ninvestigate the survival probability of a Galton-Watson branching process after\na finite number of generations. We reveal the finite-size scaling law of the\nsurvival probability for a given branching process ruled by a probability\ndistribution of the number of offspring per element whose standard deviation is\nfinite, obtaining the exact scaling function as well as the critical exponents.\nOur findings prove the universal behavior of branching processes concerning the\nsurvival probability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Instability of many-body localized systems as a phase transition in a\n  nonstandard thermodynamic limit: The many-body localization (MBL) phase transition is not a conventional\nthermodynamic phase transition. Thus to define the phase transition one should\nallow the possibility of taking the limit of an infinite system in a way that\nis not the conventional thermodynamic limit. We explore this for the so-called\n\"avalanche\" instability due to rare thermalizing regions in the MBL phase for\nquenched-random systems in more than one spatial dimension, finding an\nunconventional way of scaling the systems so that they do have a type of phase\ntransition. These arguments suggest that the MBL phase transition in systems\nwith short-range interactions in more than one dimension is a transition where\nentanglement in the eigenstates begins to spread in to some typical regions:\nthe transition is set by when the avalanches start. Once this entanglement gets\nstarted, the system does thermalize. From this point of view, the much-studied\ncase of one-dimensional MBL with short-range interactions is a special case\nwith a different, and in some ways more conventional, type of phase transition.",
        "positive": "Symmetry-allowed phase transitions realized by the two-dimensional fully\n  frustrated XY class: A 2D Fully Frustrated XY(FFXY) class of models is shown to contain a new\ngroundstate in addition to the checkerboard groundstates of the standard 2D\nFFXY model. The spin configuration of this additional groundstate is obtained.\nAssociated with this groundstate there are additional phase transitions. An\norder parameter accounting for these new transitions is proposed. The\ntransitions associated with the new order parameter are suggested to be similar\nto a 2D liquid-gas transition which implies Z_2-Ising like transitions. This\nsuggests that the class of 2D FFXY models belongs within a U(1) x Z_2 x\nZ_2-designation of possible transitions, which implies that there are seven\ndifferent possible single and combined transitions. MC-simulations for the\ngeneralized fully frustrated XY (GFFXY) model on a square lattice are used to\ninvestigate which of these possibilities can be realized in practice: five of\nthe seven are encountered. Four critical points are deduced from the\nMC-simulations, three consistent with central charge c=3/2 and one with c=1.\nThe implications for the standard 2D FFXY-model are discussed in particular\nwith respect to the long standing controversy concerning the characteristics of\nits phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Landau like theory for universality of critical exponents in\n  quasistatioary states of isolated mean-field systems: An external force dynamically drives an isolated mean-field Hamiltonian\nsystem to a long-lasting quasistationary state, whose lifetime increases with\npopulation of the system. For second order phase transitions in quasistationary\nstates, two non-classical critical exponents have been reported individually by\nusing a linear and a nonlinear response theories in a toy model. We provide a\nsimple way to compute the critical exponents all at once, which is an analog of\nthe Landau theory. The present theory extends universality class of the\nnon-classical exponents to spatially periodic one-dimensional systems, and\nshows that the exponents satisfy a classical scaling relation inevitably by\nusing a key scaling of momentum.",
        "positive": "Numerical evidence of the double-Griffiths phase of the random quantum\n  Ashkin-Teller chain: The random quantum Ashkin-Teller chain is studied numerically by means of\ntime-dependent Density-Matrix Renormalization Group. The critical lines are\nestimated as the location of the peaks of the integrated autocorrelation times,\ncomputed from spin-spin and polarization-polarization autocorrelation\nfunctions. Disorder fluctuations of magnetization and polarization are observed\nto be maximum on these critical lines. Entanglement entropy leads to the same\nphase diagram, though with larger Finite-Size effects. The decay of spin-spin\nand polarization-polarization autocorrelation functions provides numerical\nevidence of the existence of a double Griffiths phase when taking into account\nfinite-size effects. The two associated dynamical exponents z increase rapidly\nas the critical lines are approached, in agreement with the recent conjecture\nof a divergence at the two transitions in the thermodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-correction in Wegner's 3D Ising lattice gauge theory: Motivated by the growing interest in self-correcting quantum memories, we\nstudy the feasibility of self-correction in classical lattice systems composed\nof bounded degrees of freedom with local interactions. We argue that\nself-correction, including a requirement of stability against external\nperturbation, cannot be realized in system with broken global symmetries such\nas the 2d Ising model, but that systems with local, i.e. gauge, symmetries have\nthe required properties. Previous work gave a three-dimensional quantum system\nwhich realized a self-correcting classical memory. Here we show that a purely\nclassical three dimensional system, Wegner's 3D Ising lattice gauge model, can\nalso realize this self-correction despite having an extensive ground state\ndegeneracy. We give a detailed numerical study to support the existence of a\nself-correcting phase in this system, even when the gauge symmetry is\nexplicitly broken. More generally, our results obtained by studying the memory\nlifetime of the system are in quantitative agreement with the phase diagram\nobtained from conventional analysis of the system's specific heat, except that\nself-correction extends beyond the topological phase, past the lower critical\ntemperature.",
        "positive": "Universality of the Ising and the S=1 model on Archimedean lattices: A\n  Monte Carlo determination: The Ising model S=1/2 and the S=1 model are studied by efficient Monte Carlo\nschemes on the (3,4,6,4) and the (3,3,3,3,6) Archimedean lattices. The\nalgorithms used, a hybrid Metropolis-Wolff algorithm and a parallel tempering\nprotocol, are briefly described and compared with the simple Metropolis\nalgorithm. Accurate Monte Carlo data are produced at the exact critical\ntemperatures of the Ising model for these lattices. Their finite-size analysis\nprovide, with high accuracy, all critical exponents which, as expected, are the\nsame with the well known 2d Ising model exact values. A detailed finite-size\nscaling analysis of our Monte Carlo data for the S=1 model on the same lattices\nprovides very clear evidence that this model obeys, also very well, the 2d\nIsing model critical exponents. As a result, we find that recent Monte Carlo\nsimulations and attempts to define effective dimensionality for the S=1 model\non these lattices are misleading. Accurate estimates are obtained for the\ncritical amplitudes of the logarithmic expansions of the specific heat for both\nmodels on the two Archimedean lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Height and roughness distributions in thin films with\n  Kardar-Parisi-Zhang scaling: We study height and roughness distributions of films grown with discrete\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) models in a small time regime which is expected to\nparallel the typical experimental conditions. Those distributions are measured\nwith square windows of sizes $8\\leq r\\leq 128$ gliding through a much larger\nsurface. Results for models with weak finite-size corrections indicate that the\nabsolute value of the skewness and the value of the kurtosis of height\ndistributions converge to $0.2\\leq |S|\\leq 0.3$ and $0\\leq Q\\leq 0.5$,\nrespectively. Despite the low accuracy of these results, they give additional\nsupport to a recent claim of KPZ scaling in oligomer films. However, there are\nsignificant finite-size effects in the scaled height distributions of models\nwith large local slopes, such as ballistic deposition, which suggests that\ncomparison of height distributions must not be used to rule out KPZ scaling. On\nthe other hand, roughness distributions of the same models show good data\ncollapse, with negligible dependence on time and window size. The estimates of\nskewness and kurtosis for roughness distributions are $1.7\\leq S\\leq 2$ and\n$3\\leq Q\\leq 7$. A stretched exponential tail was found, which seems to be a\nparticular feature of KPZ systems in 2+1 dimensions. Moreover, the KPZ\nroughness distributions cannot be fitted by those of $1/f^{\\alpha}$ noise. This\nstudy suggests that the roughness distribution is the best option to test KPZ\nscaling in the growth regime, and provides quantitative data for future\ncomparison with other models or experiments.",
        "positive": "An asymmetric exclusion model with overtaking a numerical and simulation\n  study: An asymmetric exclusion model on an open chain with random rates for hopping\nparticles, where overtaking is also possible, is studied numerically and by\ncomputer simulation. The phase structure of the model and the density profiles\nnear the high and low density coexistence line are obtained. The effect of a\nsite impurity is also studied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Yukawa particles in a confining potential: We study the density distribution of repulsive Yukawa particles confined by\nan external potential. In the weak coupling limit, we show that the mean-field\ntheory is able to accurately account for the particle distribution. In the\nstrong coupling limit, the correlations between the particles become important\nand the mean-field theory fails. For strongly correlated systems, we construct\na density functional theory which provides an excellent description of the\nparticle distribution, without any adjustable parameters.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics and time-average: For a dynamical system far from equilibrium, one has to deal with empirical\nprobabilities defined through time-averages, and the main problem is then how\nto formulate an appropriate statistical thermodynamics. The common answer is\nthat the standard functional expression of Boltzmann-Gibbs for the entropy\nshould be used, the empirical probabilities being substituted for the Gibbs\nmeasure. Other functional expressions have been suggested, but apparently with\nno clear mechanical foundation. Here it is shown how a natural extension of the\noriginal procedure employed by Gibbs and Khinchin in defining entropy, with the\nonly proviso of using the empirical probabilities, leads for the entropy to a\nfunctional expression which is in general different from that of\nBoltzmann--Gibbs. In particular, the Gibbs entropy is recovered for empirical\nprobabilities of Poisson type, while the Tsallis entropies are recovered for a\ndeformation of the Poisson distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of unvisited sites in presence of mutually repulsive random\n  walkers: We have considered the persistence of unvisited sites of a lattice, i.e., the\nprobability $S(t)$ that a site remains unvisited till time $t$ in presence of\nmutually repulsive random walkers. The dynamics of this system has direct\ncorrespondence to that of the domain walls in a certain system of Ising spins\nwhere the number of domain walls become fixed following a zero termperature\nquench. Here we get the result that $S(t) \\propto \\exp(-\\alpha t^{\\beta})$\nwhere $\\beta$ is close to 0.5 and $\\alpha$ a function of the density of the\nwalkers $\\rho$. The number of persistent sites in presence of independent\nwalkers of density $\\rho^\\prime$ is known to be $S^\\prime (t) = \\exp(-2\n\\sqrt{\\frac{2}{\\pi}} \\rho^\\prime t^{1/2})$. We show that a mapping of the\ninteracting walkers' problem to the independent walkers' problem is possible\nwith $\\rho^\\prime = \\rho/(1-\\rho)$ provided $\\rho^\\prime, \\rho$ are small. We\nalso discuss some other intricate results obtained in the interacting walkers'\ncase.",
        "positive": "Effect of Inhomogeneity in Translocation of Polymers through Nanopores: The motion of polymers with inhomogeneous structure through nanopores is\ndiscussed theoretically. Specifically, we consider the translocation dynamics\nof polymers consisting of double-stranded and single-stranded blocks. Since\nonly the single-stranded chain can go through the nanopore the double-stranded\nsegment has to unzip before the translocation. Utilizing a simple analytical\nmodel, translocation times are calculated explicitly for different polymer\norientations, i.e., when the single-stranded block enters the pore first and\nwhen the double-stranded segment is a leading one. The dependence of the\ntranslocation dynamics on external fields, energy of interaction in the\ndouble-stranded segment, size of the polymer and the fraction of\ndouble-stranded monomers is analyzed. It is found that the order of entrance\ninto the pore has a significant effect on the translocation dynamics. The\ntheoretical results are discussed using free-energy landscape arguments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic properties of colloidal suspensions of interacting magnetic\n  particles: We review equilibrium thermodynamic properties of systems of magnetic\nparticles like ferrofluids in which dipolar interactions play an important\nrole. The review is focussed on two subjects: ({\\em i}) the magnetization with\nthe initial magnetic susceptibility as a special case and ({\\em ii}) the phase\ntransition behavior. Here the condensation (\"gas/liquid\") transition in the\nsubsystem of the suspended particles is treated as well as the\nisotropic/ferromagnetic transition to a state with spontaneously generated\nlong--range magnetic order.",
        "positive": "Marginal scaling scenario and analytic results for a glassy compaction\n  model: A diffusion-deposition model for glassy dynamics in compacting granular\nsystems is treated by time scaling and by a method that provides the exact\nasymptotic (long time) behavior. The results include Vogel-Fulcher dependence\nof rates on density, inverse logarithmic time decay of densities, exponential\ndistribution of decay times and broadening of noise spectrum. These are all in\nbroad agreement with experiments. The main characteristics result from a\nmarginal rescaling in time of the control parameter (density); this is argued\nto be generic for glassy systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipation and the Relaxation to Equilibrium: Using the recently derived Dissipation Theorem and a corollary of the\nTransient Fluctuation Theorem (TFT), namely the Second Law Inequality, we\nderive the unique time independent, equilibrium phase space distribution\nfunction for an ergodic Hamiltonian system in contact with a remote heat bath.\nWe prove under very general conditions that any deviation from this equilibrium\ndistribution breaks the time independence of the distribution. Provided\ntemporal correlations decay, and the system is ergodic, we show that any\nnonequilibrium distribution that is an even function of the momenta, eventually\nrelaxes (not necessarily monotonically) to the equilibrium distribution.\nFinally we prove that the negative logarithm of the microscopic partition\nfunction is equal to the thermodynamic Helmholtz free energy divided by the\nthermodynamic temperature and Boltzmann's constant. Our results complement and\nextend the findings of modern ergodic theory and show the importance of\ndissipation in the process of relaxation towards equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Time Reversal Invariance of quantum kinetic equations II: Density\n  operator formalism: Time reversal symmetry is a fundamental property of many quantum mechanical\nsystems. The relation between statistical physics and time reversal is subtle\nand not all statistical theories conserve this particular symmetry, most\nnotably hydrodynamic equations and kinetic equations such as the Boltzmann\nequation. Here we consider quantum kinetic generalizations of the Boltzmann\nequation by using the method of reduced density operators leading to the\nquantum generalization of the BBGKY-(Bogolyubov, Born, Green, Kirkwood, Yvon)\nhierachy. We demonstrate that all commonly used approximations, including\nVlasov, Hartree-Fock and the non-Markovian generalizations of the Landau,\nT-matrix and Lenard-Balescu equations are originally time-reversal invariant,\nand we formulate a general criterion for time reversibility of approximations\nto the quantum BBGKY-hierarchy. Finally, we illustrate, on the example of the\nBorn approximation, how irreversibility is introduced into quantum kinetic\ntheory via the Markov limit, making the connection with the standard Boltzmann\nequation. This paper is a complement to paper I [Scharnke {\\it et al.},\nsubmitted to J. Math. Phys., arXiv:1612.08033] where time-reversal invariance\nof quantum-kinetic equations was analyzed in the frame of the independent\nnonequilibrium Green functions formalism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bogoliubov's Vision: Quasiaverages and Broken Symmetry to Quantum\n  Protectorate and Emergence: In the present interdisciplinary review we focus on the applications of the\nsymmetry principles to quantum and statistical physics in connection with some\nother branches of science. The profound and innovative idea of quasiaverages\nformulated by N.N. Bogoliubov, gives the so-called macro-objectivation of the\ndegeneracy in domain of quantum statistical mechanics, quantum field theory and\nin the quantum physics in general. We discuss the complementary unifying ideas\nof modern physics, namely: spontaneous symmetry breaking, quantum protectorate\nand emergence. The interrelation of the concepts of symmetry breaking,\nquasiaverages and quantum protectorate was analyzed in the context of quantum\ntheory and statistical physics. The chief purposes of this paper were to\ndemonstrate the connection and interrelation of these conceptual advances of\nthe many-body physics and to try to show explicitly that those concepts, though\ndifferent in details, have a certain common features. Several problems in the\nfield of statistical physics of complex materials and systems (e.g. the\nchirality of molecules) and the foundations of the microscopic theory of\nmagnetism and superconductivity were discussed in relation to these ideas.",
        "positive": "Tensor Network Methods for Extracting CFT Data from Fixed-Point Tensors\n  and Defect Coarse Graining: We present a comprehensive study on the extraction of CFT data using tensor\nnetwork methods, specially, from the fixed-point tensor of the linearized\ntensor renormalization group (lTRG) for the 2D classical Ising model near the\ncritical temperature. Utilizing two different methods, we extract operator\nscaling dimensions and operator-product-expansion (OPE) coefficients by\nintroducing defects on the lattice and by employing the fixed-point tensor. We\nalso explore the effects of point-like defects in the lattice on the\ncoarse-graining process. We find that there is a correspondence between\ncoarse-grained defect tensors and conformal states obtained from lTRG\nfixed-point equation. We also analyze the capabilities and limitations of our\nproposed coarse-graining scheme for tensor networks with point-like defects,\nwhich includes graph independent local truncation (GILT) and higher-order\ntensor renormalization group (HOTRG). Our results provide a better\nunderstanding of the capacity and limitations of the tenor renormalization\ngroup scheme in coarse-graining defect tensors, and we show that GILT+HOTRG can\nbe used to give accurate two- and four-point functions under specific\nconditions. We also find that employing the minimal canonical form further\nimproves the stability of the RG flow."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ageing underdamped scaled Brownian motion: ensemble and time averaged\n  particle displacements, non-ergodicity, and the failure of the overdamping\n  approximation: We investigate both analytically and by computer simulations the ensemble\naveraged, time averaged, non-ergodic, and ageing properties of massive\nparticles diffusing in a medium with a time dependent diffusivity. We call this\nstochastic diffusion process the (ageing) underdamped scaled Brownian motion\n(UDSBM). We demonstrate how the mean squared displacement (MSD) and the time\naveraged MSD of UDSBM are affected by the inertial term in the Langevin\nequation, both at short, intermediate, and even long diffusion times. In\nparticular, we quantify the ballistic regime for the MSD and the time averaged\nMSD as well as the spread of individual time averaged MSD trajectories. One of\nthe main effects we observe is that---both for the MSD and the time averaged\nMSD---for superdiffusive UDSBM the ballistic regime is much shorter than for\nordinary Brownian motion. In contrast, for subdiffusive UDSBM the ballistic\nregion extends to much longer diffusion times. Therefore, particular care needs\nto be taken when the overdamped limit indeed provides a correct description,\neven in the long time limit. We also analyze to what extent ergodicity in the\nBoltzmann-Khinchin sense in this non-stationary system is broken, both for\nsubdiffusive and superdiffusive UDSBM. Finally, the limiting case of ultraslow\nUDSBM is considered, with a mixed logarithmic and power law dependence of the\nensemble and time averaged MSDs of the particles. In the limit of strong\nageing, remarkably, the ordinary UDSBM and the ultraslow UDSBM behave similarly\nin the short time ballistic limit. The approaches developed here open new ways\nfor considering other stochastic processes under physically important\nconditions when a finite particle mass and ageing in the system cannot be\nneglected.",
        "positive": "Fragility and Boson Peak formation in a Supercooled Liquid: We analyze results for the Boson Peak from the neutron time of flight\nspectroscopy data on Ge-As-Se, and Raman spectra data on m-TCP and OTP, using a\nrecent mode coupling model that takes into account the coupling of density\nfluctuations with vibrational modes in presence of defects in the supercooled\nstate.\n  From the experimental results for different materials we observe that for\nmore fragile systems characterized by increasing fragility parameter m, a\nslower relaxation of the defect-density correlation is needed to give rise to\nthe observed peak in the spectra."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Divergence of the entanglement range in low dimensional quantum systems: We study the pairwise entanglement close to separable ground states of a\nclass of one dimensional quantum spin models. At T=0 we find that such ground\nstates separate regions, in the space of the Hamiltonian parameters, which are\ncharacterized by qualitatively different types of entanglement, namely parallel\nand antiparallel entanglement; we further demonstrate that the range of the\nConcurrence diverges while approaching separable ground states, therefore\nevidencing that such states, with uncorrelated fluctuations, are reached by a\nlong range reshuffling of the entanglement. We generalize our results to the\nanalysis of quantum phase transitions occurring in bosonic and fermionic\nsystems. Finally, the effects of finite temperature are considered: At T>0 we\nevidence the existence of a region where no pairwise entanglement survives, so\nthat entanglement, if present, is genuinely multipartite.",
        "positive": "Approach to the lower critical dimension of the $\\varphi^4$ theory in\n  the derivative expansion of the Functional Renormalization Group: We revisit the approach to the lower critical dimension $d_{\\rm lc}$ in the\nIsing-like $\\varphi^4$ theory within the functional renormalization group by\nstudying the lowest approximation levels in the derivative expansion of the\neffective average action. Our goal is to assess how the latter, which provides\na generic approximation scheme valid across dimensions and found to be accurate\nin $d\\geq 2$, is able to capture the long-distance physics associated with the\nexpected proliferation of localized excitations near $d_{\\rm lc}$. We show that\nthe convergence of the fixed-point effective potential is nonuniform when $d\\to\nd_{\\rm lc}$ with the emergence of a boundary layer around the minimum of the\npotential. This allows us to make analytical predictions for the value of the\nlower critical dimension $d_{\\rm lc}$ and for the behavior of the critical\ntemperature as $d\\to d_{\\rm lc}$, which are both found in fair agreement with\nthe known results. This confirms the versatility of the theoretical approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical quasiparticle dynamics and chaos in trapped Bose condensates: In the short wavelength limit the Bogoliubov quasiparticles of trapped\nBose-Einstein condensates can be described as classical particles and\nantiparticles with dynamics in a mixed phase-space. For anisotropic parabolic\ntraps we determine the location of the resonances and study the influence of\nthe sharpness of the condensate surface on the appearance of chaos as the\nenergy of the quasiparticles is lowered from values much larger than to values\ncomparable with the chemical potential.",
        "positive": "A proof of Jarzynski's non-equilibrium work theorem for dynamical\n  systems that conserve the canonical distribution: We present a derivation of the Jarzynski identity and the Crooks fluctuation\ntheorem for systems governed by deterministic dynamics that conserves the\ncanonical distribution such as Hamiltonian dynamics, Nose-Hoover dynamics,\nNose-Hoover chains and Gaussian isokinetic dynamics. The proof is based on a\nrelation between the heat absorbed by the system during the non-equilibrium\nprocess and the Jacobian of the phase flow generated by the dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Molecular theory of anomalous diffusion: We present a Master Equation formulation based on a Markovian random walk\nmodel that exhibits sub-diffusion, classical diffusion and super-diffusion as a\nfunction of a single parameter. The non-classical diffusive behavior is\ngenerated by allowing for interactions between a population of walkers. At the\nmacroscopic level, this gives rise to a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation. The\ndiffusive behavior is reflected not only in the mean-squared displacement\n($<r^2(t)>\\sim t^{\\gamma}$ with $0 <\\gamma \\leq 1.5$) but also in the existence\nof self-similar scaling solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation. We give a\nphysical interpretation of sub- and super-diffusion in terms of the attractive\nand repulsive interactions between the diffusing particles and we discuss\nanalytically the limiting values of the exponent $\\gamma$. Simulations based on\nthe Master Equation are shown to be in agreement with the analytical solutions\nof the nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation in all three diffusion regimes.",
        "positive": "Random Sequential Addition of Hard Spheres in High Euclidean Dimensions: Employing numerical and theoretical methods, we investigate the structural\ncharacteristics of random sequential addition (RSA) of congruent spheres in\n$d$-dimensional Euclidean space $\\mathbb{R}^d$ in the infinite-time or\nsaturation limit for the first six space dimensions ($1 \\le d \\le 6$).\nSpecifically, we determine the saturation density, pair correlation function,\ncumulative coordination number and the structure factor in each =of these\ndimensions. We find that for $2 \\le d \\le 6$, the saturation density $\\phi_s$\nscales with dimension as $\\phi_s= c_1/2^d+c_2 d/2^d$, where $c_1=0.202048$ and\n$c_2=0.973872$. We also show analytically that the same density scaling\npersists in the high-dimensional limit, albeit with different coefficients. A\nbyproduct of this high-dimensional analysis is a relatively sharp lower bound\non the saturation density for any $d$ given by $\\phi_s \\ge\n(d+2)(1-S_0)/2^{d+1}$, where $S_0\\in [0,1]$ is the structure factor at $k=0$\n(i.e., infinite-wavelength number variance) in the high-dimensional limit.\nConsistent with the recent \"decorrelation principle,\" we find that pair\ncorrelations markedly diminish as the space dimension increases up to six. Our\nwork has implications for the possible existence of disordered classical ground\nstates for some continuous potentials in sufficiently high dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probing the large deviations for the Beta random walk in random medium: We consider a discrete-time random walk on a one-dimensional lattice with\nspace and time-dependent random jump probabilities, known as the Beta random\nwalk. We are interested in the probability that, for a given realization of the\njump probabilities (a sample), a walker starting at the origin at time $t=0$ is\nat position beyond $\\xi \\sqrt{T/2}$ at time $T$. This probability fluctuates\nfrom sample to sample and we study the large-deviation rate function which\ncharacterizes the tails of its distribution at large time $T \\gg 1$. It is\nargued that, up to a simple rescaling, this rate function is identical to the\none recently obtained exactly by two of the authors for the continuum version\nof the model. That continuum model also appears in the macroscopic fluctuation\ntheory of a class of lattice gases, e.g. in the so-called KMP model of heat\ntransfer. An extensive numerical simulation of the Beta random walk, based on\nan importance sampling algorithm, is found in good agreement with the detailed\nanalytical predictions. A first-order transition in the tilted measure,\npredicted to occur in the continuum model, is also observed in the numerics.",
        "positive": "Quantum Correlations and Number Theory: We study spin-1/2 Heisenberg XXX antiferromagnet. The spectrum of the\nHamiltonian was found by Hans Bethe in 1931. We study the probability of\nformation of ferromagnetic string in the antiferromagnetic ground state, which\nwe call emptiness formation probability P(n). This is the most fundamental\ncorrelation function. We prove that for the short strings it can be expressed\nin terms of the Riemann zeta function with odd arguments, logarithm ln 2 and\nrational coefficients. This adds yet another link between statistical mechanics\nand number theory. We have obtained an analytical formula for P(5) for the\nfirst time. We have also calculated P(n) numerically by the Density Matrix\nRenormalization Group. The results agree quite well with the analytical ones.\nFurthermore we study asymptotic behavior of P(n) at finite temperature by\nQuantum Monte-Carlo simulation. It also agrees with our previous analytical\nresults."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transfer Matrices for the Partition Function of the Potts Model on\n  Toroidal Lattice Strips: We present a method for calculating transfer matrices for the $q$-state Potts\nmodel partition functions $Z(G,q,v)$, for arbitrary $q$ and temperature\nvariable $v$, on strip graphs $G$ of the square (sq), triangular (tri), and\nhoneycomb (hc) lattices of width $L_y$ vertices and of arbitrarily great length\n$L_x$ vertices, subject to toroidal and Klein bottle boundary conditions. For\nthe toroidal case we express the partition function as $Z(\\Lambda, L_y \\times\nL_x,q,v) = \\sum_{d=0}^{L_y} \\sum_j b_j^{(d)} (\\lambda_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y,d,j})^m$,\nwhere $\\Lambda$ denotes lattice type, $b_j^{(d)}$ are specified polynomials of\ndegree $d$ in $q$, $\\lambda_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y,d,j}$ are eigenvalues of the\ntransfer matrix $T_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y,d}$ in the degree-$d$ subspace, and $m=L_x$\n($L_x/2$) for $\\Lambda=sq, tri (hc)$, respectively. An analogous formula is\ngiven for Klein bottle strips. We exhibit a method for calculating\n$T_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y,d}$ for arbitrary $L_y$. In particular, we find some very\nsimple formulas for the determinant $det(T_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y,d})$, and trace\n$Tr(T_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y})$. Corresponding results are given for the equivalent\nTutte polynomials for these lattice strips and illustrative examples are\nincluded.",
        "positive": "Asymmetric butterfly velocities in Hamiltonian and circuit models: The butterfly velocity $v_B$ has been proposed as a characteristic velocity\nfor information propagation in local systems. It can be measured by the\nballistic spreading of local operators in time (or, equivalently, by\nout-of-time-ordered commutators). In general, this velocity can depend on the\ndirection of spreading and, indeed, the asymmetry between different directions\ncan be made arbitrarily large using arbitrarily deep quantum circuits.\nNevertheless, in almost all examples of local time-independent Hamiltonians\nthat have been examined thus far, this velocity is independent of the direction\nof information propagation. In this work, we present two models with asymmetric\n$v_B$. The first is a time-independent Hamiltonian in one dimension with local,\n3-site interactions. The second is a class of local unitary circuits, which we\ncall $n$-staircases, where $n$ serves as a tunable parameter interpolating from\n$n=1$ with symmetric spreading to $n=\\infty$ with completely chiral information\npropagation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the role of electron-nucleus contact and microwave saturation in\n  Thermal Mixing DNP: We have explored the manifold physical scenario emerging from a model of\nDynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) via thermal mixing under the hypothesis of\nhighly effective electron-electron interaction. When the electron and nuclear\nreservoirs are also assumed to be in strong thermal contact and the microwave\nirradiation saturates the target electron transition, the enhancement of the\nnuclear polarization is expected to be considerably high even if the\nirradiation frequency is set far away from the centre of the ESR line (as\nalready observed by Borghini) and the typical polarization time is reduced on\nmoving towards the boundaries of said line. More reasonable behaviours are\nobtained by reducing the level of microwave saturation or the contact between\nelectrons and nuclei in presence of nuclear leakage. In both cases the function\ndescribing the dependency of the steady state nuclear polarization on the\nfrequency of irradiation becomes sharper at the edges and the build up rate\ndecreases on moving off-resonance. If qualitatively similar in terms of the\neffects produced on nuclear polarization, the degree of microwave saturation\nand of electron-nucleus contact has a totally different impact on electron\npolarization, which is of course strongly correlated to the effectiveness of\nsaturation and almost insensitive, at the steady state, to the magnitude of the\ninteractions between the two spin reservoirs. The likelihood of the different\nscenario is discussed in the light of the experimental data currently available\nin literature, to point out which aspects are suitably accounted and which are\nnot by the declinations of thermal mixing DNP considered here.",
        "positive": "Operator Product Expansion Coefficients of the 3D Ising Criticality via\n  Quantum Fuzzy Sphere: Conformal field theory (CFT) is the key to various critical phenomena. So\nfar, most of studies focus on the critical exponents of various universalities,\ncorresponding to conformal dimensions of CFT primary fields. However, other\nimportant yet intricate data such as the operator product expansion (OPE)\ncoefficients governing the fusion of two primary fields, is largely unexplored\nbefore, specifically in dimensions higher than 2D (or equivalently $1+1$D).\nHere, motivated by the recently-proposed fuzzy sphere regularization, we\ninvestigate the operator content of 3D Ising criticality starting from a\nmicroscopic description. We first outline the procedure of extracting OPE\ncoefficients on the fuzzy sphere, and then compute 13 OPE coefficients of\nlow-lying CFT primary fields. The obtained results are in agreement with the\nnumerical conformal bootstrap data of 3D Ising CFT within a high accuracy. In\naddition, we also manage to obtain 4 OPE coefficients including $f_{T_{\\mu\\nu}\nT_{\\rho\\eta} \\epsilon}$ that were not available before, which demonstrates the\nsuperior capabilities of our scheme. By expanding the horizon of the fuzzy\nsphere regularization from the state perspective to the operator perspective,\nwe expect a lot of new physics ready for exploration."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion-limited aggregation with jumps and flights: The paper suggests a generalisation of the diffusion-limited aggregation\n(DLA) based on using a general stochastic process to control particle movements\nbefore sticking to a growing cluster. This leads to models with variable\ncharacteristics that can provide a single framework for treating a number of\nearlier models of fractal growth: the DLA, the Eden model and the ballistic\naggregation. Additionally, a classification of fractal growth models is\nsuggested.",
        "positive": "Modified detrended fluctuation analysis based on empirical mode\n  decomposition: Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) is a simple but very efficient method\nfor investigating the power-law long-term correlations of non-stationary time\nseries, in which a detrending step is necessary to obtain the local\nfluctuations at different timescales. We propose to determine the local trends\nthrough empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and perform the detrending operation\nby removing the EMD-based local trends, which gives an EMD-based DFA method.\nSimilarly, we also propose a modified multifractal DFA algorithm, called an\nEMD-based MFDFA. The performance of the EMD-based DFA and MFDFA methods is\nassessed with extensive numerical experiments based on fractional Brownian\nmotion and multiplicative cascading process. We find that the EMD-based DFA\nmethod performs better than the classic DFA method in the determination of the\nHurst index when the time series is strongly anticorrelated and the EMD-based\nMFDFA method outperforms the traditional MFDFA method when the moment order $q$\nof the detrended fluctuations is positive. We apply the EMD-based MFDFA to the\none-minute data of Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite index, and the presence of\nmultifractality is confirmed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Striking universalities in stochastic resetting processes: Given a random process $x(\\tau)$ which undergoes stochastic resetting at a\nconstant rate $r$ to a position drawn from a distribution ${\\cal P}(x)$, we\nconsider a sequence of dynamical observables $A_1, \\dots, A_n$ associated to\nthe intervals between resetting events. We calculate exactly the probabilities\nof various events related to this sequence: that the last element is larger\nthan all previous ones, that the sequence is monotonically increasing, etc.\nRemarkably, we find that these probabilities are ``super-universal'', i.e.,\nthat they are independent of the particular process $x(\\tau)$, the observables\n$A_k$'s in question and also the resetting distribution ${\\cal P}(x)$. For some\nof the events in question, the universality is valid provided certain mild\nassumptions on the process and observables hold (e.g., mirror symmetry).",
        "positive": "Weak chaos and metastability in a symplectic system of many\n  long-range-coupled standard maps: We introduce, and numerically study, a system of $N$ symplectically and\nglobally coupled standard maps localized in a $d=1$ lattice array. The global\ncoupling is modulated through a factor $r^{-\\alpha}$, being $r$ the distance\nbetween maps. Thus, interactions are {\\it long-range} (nonintegrable) when\n$0\\leq\\alpha\\leq1$, and {\\it short-range} (integrable) when $\\alpha>1$. We\nverify that the largest Lyapunov exponent $\\lambda_M$ scales as $\\lambda_{M}\n\\propto N^{-\\kappa(\\alpha)}$, where $\\kappa(\\alpha)$ is positive when\ninteractions are long-range, yielding {\\it weak chaos} in the thermodynamic\nlimit $N\\to\\infty$ (hence $\\lambda_M\\to 0$). In the short-range case,\n$\\kappa(\\alpha)$ appears to vanish, and the behaviour corresponds to {\\it\nstrong chaos}. We show that, for certain values of the control parameters of\nthe system, long-lasting metastable states can be present. Their duration $t_c$\nscales as $t_c \\propto N^{\\beta(\\alpha)}$, where $\\beta(\\alpha)$ appears to be\nnumerically consistent with the following behavior: $\\beta >0$ for $0 \\le\n\\alpha < 1$, and zero for $\\alpha\\ge 1$. All these results exhibit major\nconjectures formulated within nonextensive statistical mechanics (NSM).\nMoreover, they exhibit strong similarity between the present discrete-time\nsystem, and the $\\alpha$-XY Hamiltonian ferromagnetic model, also studied in\nthe frame of NSM."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact and numerical results for the dimerized spin-orbital model: We establish exact results for the one-dimensional spin-orbital model for\nspecial values of the four-spin interaction $V$ and dimerization parameter\n$\\delta$. The first exact result is at $\\delta=1/2$ and $V=-2$. Because we find\na very small but finite gap in this dimerized chain, this can serve as a very\nstrong test case for numerical and approximate analytical techniques. The\nsecond result is for the homogeneous chain with $V=-4$ and gives evidence that\nthe system has a spontaneously dimerized ground state. Numerical results\nindicate that the interplay between dimerization and interaction could result\nin gapless phases in the regime $0\\leq V<-2$.",
        "positive": "Free zero-range processes on networks: A free zero-range process (FRZP) is a simple stochastic process describing\nthe dynamics of a gas of particles hopping between neighboring nodes of a\nnetwork. We discuss three different cases of increasing complexity: (a) FZRP on\na rigid geometry where the network is fixed during the process, (b) FZRP on a\nrandom graph chosen from a given ensemble of networks, (c) FZRP on a dynamical\nnetwork whose topology continuously changes during the process in a way which\ndepends on the current distribution of particles. The case (a) provides a very\nsimple realization of the phenomenon of condensation which manifests as the\nappearance of a condensate of particles on the node with maximal degree. The\ncase (b) is very interesting since the averaging over typical ensembles of\ngraphs acts as a kind of homogenization of the system which makes all nodes\nidentical from the point of view of the FZRP. In the case (c), the distribution\nof particles and the dynamics of network are coupled to each other. The\nstrength of this coupling depends on the ratio of two time scales: for changes\nof the topology and of the FZRP. We will discuss a specific example of that\ntype of interaction and show that it leads to an interesting phase diagram."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The One-dimensional KPZ Equation and the Airy Process: Our previous work on the one-dimensional KPZ equation with sharp wedge\ninitial data is extended to the case of the joint height statistics at n\nspatial points for some common fixed time. Assuming a particular factorization,\nwe compute an n-point generating function and write it in terms of a Fredholm\ndeterminant. For long times the generating function converges to a limit, which\nis established to be equivalent to the standard expression of the n-point\ndistribution of the Airy process.",
        "positive": "Quantum Non-Equilibrium Steady States Induced by Repeated Interactions: We study the steady state of a finite XX chain coupled at its boundaries to\nquantum reservoirs made of free spins that interact one after the other with\nthe chain. The two-point correlations are calculated exactly and it is shown\nthat the steady state is completely characterized by the magnetization profile\nand the associated current. Except at the boundary sites, the magnetization is\ngiven by the average of the reservoirs' magnetizations. The steady state\ncurrent, proportional to the difference in the reservoirs' magnetizations,\nshows a non-monotonous behavior with respect to the system-reservoir coupling\nstrength, with an optimal current state for a finite value of the coupling.\nMoreover, we show that the steady state can be described by a generalized Gibbs\nstate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature changes when adiabatically ramping up an optical lattice: When atoms are loaded into an optical lattice, the process of gradually\nturning on the lattice is almost adiabatic. In this paper we investigate how\nthe temperature changes when going from the gapless superfluid phase to the\ngapped Mott phase along isentropic lines. To do so we calculate the entropy in\nthe single-band Bose-Hubbard model for various densities, interaction strengths\nand temperatures in one and two dimensions for homogeneous and trapped systems.\nOur theory is able to reproduce the experimentally observed visibilities and\ntherefore strongly supports that current experiments remain in the quantum\nregime for all considered lattice depths with low temperatures and minimal\nheating.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Susceptibility in KDP-type Crysals above and below Tc II: The path probability method (PPM) in the tetrahedron-cactus approximation is\napplied to the Slater-Takagi model with dipole-dipole interaction for\nKH2PO4-type hydrogen-bonded ferroelectric crystals in order to derive a small\ndip structure in the real part of dynamical susceptibility observed at the\ntransition temperature Tc. The dip structure can be ascribed to finite\nrelaxation times of electric dipole moments responsible for the first order\ntransition with contrast to the critical slowing down in the second order\ntransition. The light scattering intensity which is related to the imaginary\npart of dynamical susceptibility is also calculated above and below the\ntransition temperature and the obtained central peak structure is consistent\nwith polarization fluctuation modes in Raman scattering experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Experimental confirmation of the redundancy of the axiomatic principles\n  of statistical physics: In the process of analyzing the axiomatic principles underlying statistical\nphysics, when modeling the most probable stationary macrostates of non-ergodic\nclosed systems, a forecast was obtained about a possible limitation purview of\nthe main postulate, known as the principle of equiprobability for each\nrealizable of microstate. It is assumed that if such a system is artificially\nbrought into a thermodynamically equilibrium state, in particular, by filling\nit with thermal Planck radiation of the appropriate temperature, then the\nsubsequent evolution of the state of this system can cause the appearance of\nstable polarization anisotropy of said radiation. The paper presents the\nsuccessful results of a direct verification of aforesaid prognosis on a real\nphysical installation. Important regularities characteristic of the applied\nmathematical model are noted.",
        "positive": "A Projected Entropy Controller for Transition Matrix Calculations: We define the projected entropy S(T) at a given temperature T in the context\nof an Ising model transition matrix calculation as the entropy associated with\nthe distribution of Markov chain realizations in energy-magnetization, E-H,\nspace. An even sampling of states is achieved by accumulating the results from\nmultiple Markov chains while decrementing 1/T at a rate proportional to the\ninverse of the effective number, exp(S(T)), of accessible projected states.\nSuch a procedure is both highly accurate and far simpler to implement than a\npreviously suggested method based on monitoring the evolution of the E-H\ndistribution at each temperature. [1] We further demonstrate a transition\nmatrix procedure that instead ensures uniform sampling in physical entropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Calculating potentials of mean force and diffusion coefficients from\n  nonequilibirum processes without Jarzynski's equality: In general, the direct application of the Jarzynski equality (JE) to\nreconstruct potentials of mean force (PMFs) from a small number of\nnonequilibrium unidirectional steered molecular dynamics (SMD) paths is\nhindered by the lack of sampling of extremely rare paths with negative\ndissipative work. Such trajectories, that transiently violate the second law,\nare crucial for the validity of JE. As a solution to this daunting problem, we\npropose a simple and efficient method, referred to as the FR method, for\ncalculating simultaneously both the PMF U(z) and the corresponding diffusion\ncoefficient D(z) along a reaction coordinate z for a classical many particle\nsystem by employing a small number of fast SMD pullings in both forward (F) and\ntime reverse (R) directions, without invoking JE. By employing Crook's\ntransient fluctuation theorem (that is more general than JE) and the stiff\nspring approximation, we show that: (i) the mean dissipative work W_d in the F\nand R pullings are equal, (ii) both U(z) and W_d can be expressed in terms of\nthe easily calculable mean work of the F and R processes, and (iii) D(z) can be\nexpressed in terms of the slope of W_d. To test its viability, the FR method is\napplied to determine U(z) and D(z) of single-file water molecules in\nsingle-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The obtained U(z) is found to be in\nvery good agreement with the results from other PMF calculation methods, e.g.,\numbrella sampling. Finally, U(z) and D(z) are used as input in a stochastic\nmodel, based on the Fokker-Planck equation, for describing water transport\nthrough SWNTs on a mesoscopic time scale that in general is inaccessible to MD\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Scaling behavior of jamming fluctuations upon random sequential\n  adsorption: It is shown that the fluctuations of the jamming coverage upon Random\nSequential Adsorption ($\\sigma_{\\theta_J}$), decay with the lattice size\naccording to the power-law $\\sigma_{\\theta_J} \\propto L^{-1 / \\nu_J}$, with\n$\\nu_{J} = 2 / (2D - d_f)$, where $D$ is the dimension of the substrate and\n$d_{\\rm f}$ is the fractal dimension of the set of sites belonging to the\nsubstrate where the RSA process actually takes place. This result is in\nexcellent agreement with the figure recently reported by Vandewalle {\\it et al}\n({\\it Eur. Phys. J.} B. {\\bf 14}, 407 (2000)), namely $\\nu_J = 1.0 (1)$ for the\nRSA of needles with $D = 2$ and $d_f = 2$, that gives $\\nu_J = 1$. Furthermore,\nour prediction is in excellent agreement with different previous numerical\nresults. The derived relationships are also confirmed by means of extensive\nnumerical simulations applied to the RSA of dimers on both stochastic and\ndeterministic fractal substrates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Delay Induced Excitability: We analyse the stochastic dynamics of a bistable system under the influence\nof time-delayed feedback. Assuming an asymmetric potential, we show the\nexistence of a regime in which the systems dynamic displays excitability by\ncalculating the relevant residence time distributions and correlation times.\nExperimentally we then observe this behaviour in the polarization dynamics of a\nvertical cavity surface emitting laser with opto-electronic feedback. Extending\nthese observations to two-dimensional systems with dispersive coupling we\nfinally show numerically that delay induced excitability can lead to the\nappearance of propagating wave-fronts and spirals.",
        "positive": "Crystallization and melting of bacteria colonies and Brownian Bugs: Motivated by the existence of remarkably ordered cluster arrays of bacteria\ncolonies growing in Petri dishes and related problems, we study the spontaneous\nemergence of clustering and patterns in a simple nonequilibrium system: the\nindividual-based interacting Brownian bug model. We map this discrete model\ninto a continuous Langevin equation which is the starting point for our\nextensive numerical analyses. For the two-dimensional case we report on the\nspontaneous generation of localized clusters of activity as well as a\nmelting/freezing transition from a disordered or isotropic phase to an ordered\none characterized by hexagonal patterns. We study in detail the analogies and\ndifferences with the well-established Kosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young\ntheory of equilibrium melting, as well as with another competing theory. For\nthat, we study translational and orientational correlations and perform a\ncareful defect analysis. We find a non standard one-stage, defect-mediated,\ntransition whose nature is only partially elucidated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conformal invariance and its breaking in a stochastic model of a\n  fluctuating interface: Using Monte-Carlo simulations on large lattices, we study the effects of\nchanging the parameter $u$ (the ratio of the adsorption and desorption rates)\nof the raise and peel model. This is a nonlocal stochastic model of a\nfluctuating interface. We show that for $0<u<1$ the system is massive, for\n$u=1$ it is massless and conformal invariant. For $u>1$ the conformal\ninvariance is broken. The system is in a scale invariant but not conformal\ninvariant phase. As far as we know it is the first example of a system which\nshows such a behavior. Moreover in the broken phase, the critical exponents\nvary continuously with the parameter $u$. This stays true also for the critical\nexponent $\\tau$ which characterizes the probability distribution function of\navalanches (the critical exponent $D$ staying unchanged).",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of means: Thermodynamics of power means applies to an ideal quantum gas which may be\nnonextensive. Transition to an ideal classical gas occurs when the empirical\ntemperature exponents of the internal energy and absolute temperature coalesce.\nLimiting processes are pure heat conduction and pure deformations. Largest and\nsmallest mean final volumes occur for isothermal and adiabatic processes,\nrespectively. The increment in the heat admits two integrating factors which\nyield conserved quantities for adiabatic processes. Energy-conserving\nequilibrations yield the largest final means possible, while the second law\nfollows from the property that the power means are monotonically increasing\nfunctions of their order. In the ideal classical gas limit, the change in the\naverage entropy is proportional to the difference between the Shannon and\nR\\'enyi entropies for nonextensive, isothermal systems that are multifractal in\nnature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The order parameter of the chiral Potts model: An outstanding problem in statistical mechanics is the order parameter of the\nchiral Potts model. An elegant conjecture for this was made in 1983. It has\nsince been successfully tested against series expansions, but as far as the\nauthor is aware there is as yet no proof of the conjecture. Here we show that\nif one makes a certain analyticity assumption similar to that used to derive\nthe free energy, then one can indeed verify the conjecture. The method is based\non the ``broken rapidity line'' approach pioneered by Jimbo, Miwa and\nNakayashiki.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of O(3) Classical Heisenberg Model in Multipath\n  Metropolis Simulation: We study the thermodynamics of classical Heisenberg model using the multipath\napproach to Metropolis algorithm Monte Carlo simulation. This simulation\napproach produces uncorrelated results with known precision. Also, it can be\neasily generalized to other classical models of magnetism. Comparing results\nobtained from multipath and from single--path simulations we demonstrate that\nthese approaches produce equivalent results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport and Helfand moments in the Lennard-Jones fluid. II. Thermal\n  Conductivity: The thermal conductivity is calculated with the Helfand-moment method in the\nLennard-Jones fluid near the triple point. The Helfand moment of thermal\nconductivity is here derived for molecular dynamics with periodic boundary\nconditions. Thermal conductivity is given by a generalized Einstein relation\nwith this Helfand moment. We compute thermal conductivity by this new method\nand compare it with our own values obtained by the standard Green-Kubo method.\nThe agreement is excellent.",
        "positive": "Rounding of First Order Transitions in Low-Dimensional Quantum Systems\n  with Quenched Disorder: We prove that the addition of an arbitrarily small random perturbation of a\nsuitable type to a quantum spin system rounds a first order phase transition in\nthe conjugate order parameter in d <= 2 dimensions, or in systems with\ncontinuous symmetry in d <= 4. This establishes rigorously for quantum systems\nthe existence of the Imry-Ma phenomenon, which for classical systems was proven\nby Aizenman and Wehr."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the distribution of high-frequency stock market traded volume: a\n  dynamical scenario: This manuscript reports a stochastic dynamical scenario whose associated\nstationary probability density function is exactly a previously proposed one to\nadjust high-frequency traded volume distributions. This dynamical conjecture,\nphysically connected to superstatiscs, which is intimately related with the\ncurrent nonextensive statistical mechanics framework, is based on the idea of\nlocal fluctuations in the mean traded volume associated to financial markets\nagents herding behaviour. The corroboration of this mesoscopic model is done by\nmodelising NASDAQ 1 and 2 minute stock market traded volume.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium Dynamics of Renyi Entropy for Bosonic Many-Particle\n  Systems: We propose a new field theoretic method for calculating Renyi entropy of a\nsub-system of many interacting Bosons without using replica methods. This\nmethod is applicable to dynamics of both open and closed quantum systems\nstarting from arbitrary initial conditions. Our method identifies the Wigner\ncharacteristic of a reduced density matrix with the partition function of the\nwhole system with a set of linear sources turned on only in the subsystem and\nuses this to calculate the subsystem's Renyi entropy. We use this method to\nstudy evolution of Renyi entropy in a non-interacting open quantum system\nstarting from an initial Fock state. We find a relation between the initial\nstate and final density matrix which determines whether the entropy shows\nnon-monotonic behaviour in time. For non-Markovian dynamics, we show that the\nentropy approaches its steady state value as a power law with exponents\ngoverned by non-analyticities of the bath. We illustrate that this\nfield-theoretic method can be used to study large bosonic open quantum systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical heterogeneity in terms of gauge theory of glass transition: In this paper the phenomenon of dynamic heterogeneity in supercooled liquid\nsystems is considered in terms of the recently proposed gauge theory of glass\ntransition. The physical interpretation of the dynamic scaling is considered.\nIt is shown that the development of the dynamic heterogeneity occurs due to the\ngrowth areas in which molecular motion is correlated due to the elastic\ninteraction described by the gauge field. We obtains the analytical expressions\nfor the dependence of the number of dynamically correlated atoms as the\nfunction on the system relaxation time, and the time dependence of the dynamic\nsusceptibility near the glass transition. It is shown that the relaxation\nconsists two processes: $\\alpha $-relaxation process corresponding to the joint\nmotion of the domains disordered with each other, and $\\beta$-relaxation\nprocess corresponding to the motion inside these domains.",
        "positive": "Fractal entropy of a chain of nonlinear oscillators: We study the time evolution of a chain of nonlinear oscillators. We focus on\nthe fractal features of the spectral entropy and analyze its characteristic\nintermediate timescales as a function of the nonlinear coupling. A Brownian\nmotion is recognized, with an analytic power-law dependence of its diffusion\ncoefficient on the coupling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary drive induced formation of aggregate condensates in stochastic\n  transport with short-range interactions: We discuss the effects of particle exchange through open boundaries and the\ninduced drive on the phase structure and condensation phenomena of a stochastic\ntransport process with tunable short-range interactions featuring\npair-factorized steady states (PFSS) in the closed system. In this model, the\nsteady state of the particle hopping process can be tuned to yield properties\nfrom the zero-range process (ZRP) condensation model to those of models with\nspa- tially extended condensates. By varying the particle exchange rates as\nwell as the presence of a global drift, we observe a phase transition from a\nfree particle gas to a phase with condensates aggregated to the boundaries.\nWhile this transition is similar to previous results for the ZRP, we find that\nthe mechanism is different as the presence of the boundary actually influences\nthe interaction due to the non-zero interaction range.",
        "positive": "Master equation approach to friction at the mesoscale: At the mesoscale friction occurs through the breaking and formation of local\ncontacts. This is often described by the earthquake-like model which requires\nnumerical studies. We show that this phenomenon can also be described by a\nmaster equation, which can be solved analytically in some cases and provides an\nefficient numerical solution for more general cases. We examine the effect of\ntemperature and aging of the contacts and discuss the statistical properties of\nthe contacts for different situations of friction and their implications,\nparticularly regarding the existence of stick-slip."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Does the fluctuation-dissipation relation guarantee equilibrium?: We study a symmetry broken harmonic oscillator in contact with a heat bath\ncharacterized by a fixed temperature. The overdampped system is solved exactly\nto show symmetry broken directed transport raising the question whether\nfluctuation-dissipation relation does guarantee equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Intrinsic and extrinsic thermodynamics for stochastic population\n  processes with multi-level large-deviation structure: A set of core features is set forth as the essence of a thermodynamic\ndescription, which derive from large-deviation properties in systems with\nhierarchies of timescales, but which are \\emph{not} dependent upon conservation\nlaws or microscopic reversibility in the substrate hosting the process. The\nmost fundamental elements are the concept of a macrostate in relation to the\nlarge-deviation entropy, and the decomposition of contributions to\nirreversibility among interacting subsystems, which is the origin of the\ndependence on a concept of heat in both classical and stochastic\nthermodynamics. A natural decomposition is shown to exist, into a relative\nentropy and a housekeeping entropy rate, which define respectively the\n\\textit{intensive} thermodynamics of a system and an \\textit{extensive}\nthermodynamic vector embedding the system in its context. Both intensive and\nextensive components are functions of Hartley information of the momentary\nsystem stationary state, which is information \\emph{about} the joint effect of\nsystem processes on its contribution to irreversibility. Results are derived\nfor stochastic Chemical Reaction Networks, including a Legendre duality for the\nhousekeeping entropy rate to thermodynamically characterize fully-irreversible\nprocesses on an equal footing with those at the opposite limit of\ndetailed-balance. The work is meant to encourage development of inherent\nthermodynamic descriptions for rule-based systems and the living state, which\nare not conceived as reductive explanations to heat flows."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Three-dimensional monopole-free CP(N-1) models: We investigate the phase diagram, and the nature of the phase transitions, of\nthree-dimensional monopole-free CP(N-1) models, characterized by a global U(N)\nsymmetry and a U(1) gauge symmetry, and the absence of monopoles. We present\nnumerical analyses based on Monte Carlo simulations for N=2,4,10,15, and 25. We\nobserve a finite-temperature transition in all cases, related to the\ncondensation of a local gauge-invariant order parameter. For N=2 we are unable\nto draw any definite conclusion on the nature of the transition. The results\nmay be interpreted by either a very weak first-order transition or a continuous\ntransition with anomalously large scaling corrections. However, the results\nallow us to exclude that the system develops the critical behavior of the O(3)\nvector universality class, as it occurs in the standard three-dimensional CP(1)\nmodel without monopole suppression. For N=4,10,15, the transition is of first\norder, and significantly weaker than that observed in the presence of\nmonopoles. For N=25 the results are consistent with a conventional continuous\ntransition. We compare our results with the existing literature and with the\npredictions of different field-theory approaches. Our results are consistent\nwith the scenario in which the model undergoes continuous transitions for large\nvalues of N, in agreement with analytic large-N calculations.",
        "positive": "Genuine localisation transition in a long-range hopping model: We introduce and study a new class of Banded Random Matrix model describing\nsparse, long range quantum hopping in one dimension. Using a series of analytic\narguments, numerical simulations, and mappings to statistical physics models,\nwe establish the phase diagram of the model. A genuine localisation transition,\nwith well defined mobility edges, appears as the hopping rate decreases slower\nthan $\\ell^{-2}$, where $\\ell$ is the distance. Correspondingly, the decay of\nthe localised states evolves from a standard exponential shape to a stretched\nexponential and finally to a novel $\\exp(-C\\ln^\\kappa \\ell)$ behaviour, with\n$\\kappa > 1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-range spatial correlations of particle displacements and the\n  emergence of elasticity: We examine correlations of transverse particle displacements and their\nrelationship to the shear modulus of a glass and the viscosity of a fluid. To\nthis end we use computer simulations to calculate a correlation function of the\ndisplacements, $S_4(q;t)$, which is similar to functions used to study\nheterogeneous dynamics in glass-forming fluids. We show that in the glass the\nshear modulus can be obtained from the long-time, small-q limit of $S_4(q;t)$.\nBy using scaling arguments, we argue that a four-point correlation length\n$\\xi_4(t)$ grows linearly in time in a glass and grows as $\\sqrt{t}$ at long\ntimes in a fluid, and we verify these results by analyzing $S_4(q;t)$ obtained\nfrom simulations. For a viscoelastic fluid, the simulation results suggest that\nthe crossover to the long-time $\\sqrt{t}$ growth of $\\xi_4(t)$ occurs at a\ncharacteristic decay time of the shear stress autocorrelation function. Using\nthis observation, we show that the amplitude of the long-time $\\sqrt{t}$ growth\nis proportional to $\\sqrt{\\eta}$ where $\\eta$ is the viscosity of the fluid.",
        "positive": "Manifestation of Random First Order Transition theory in Wigner glasses: We use Brownian dynamics simulations of a binary mixture of highly charged\nspherical colloidal particles to illustrate many of the implications of the\nRandom First Order Transition (RFOT) theory (PRA 40 1045 (1989)), which is the\nonly theory that provides a unified description of both the statics and\ndynamics of the liquid to glass transition. In accord with the RFOT, we find\nthat as the volume fraction of the colloidal particles \\f, the natural variable\nthat controls glass formation in colloidal systems, approaches \\f_A there is an\neffective ergodic to non-ergodic dynamical transition, which is signalled by a\ndramatic slowing down of diffusion. In addition, using the energy metric we\nshow that the system becomes non-ergodic as \\f_A is approached. The time t^*,\nat which the four-point dynamical susceptibility achieves a maximum, also\ndiverges near \\f_A. Remarkably, three independent measures(translational\ndiffusion coefficients, ergodic diffusion coefficients,as well t^*) all signal\nthat at \\f_A=0.1 ergodicity is effectively broken. The translation diffusion\nconstant, the ergodic diffusion constant, and (t^*)^-1 all vanish as\n(\\f_A-\\f)^g with both \\f_A and g being the roughly the same for all three\nquantities. Below \\f_A transport involves crossing suitable free energy\nbarriers. In this regime, the density-density correlation function decays as a\nstretched exponential exp(-t/tau_a)^b with b=0.45. The \\f-dependence of the\nrelaxation time \\tau_a is well fit using the VFT law with the ideal glass\ntransition occurring at \\f_K=0.47. By using an approximate measure of the local\nentropy (s_3) we show that below \\f_A the law of large numbers, which states\nthat the distribution of s_3 for a large subsample should be identical to the\nwhole sample, is not obeyed. The comprehensive analyses provided here for\nWigner glass forming charged colloidal suspensions fully validate the concepts\nof the RFOT."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral theory of fluctuations in time-average statistical mechanics of\n  reversible and driven systems: We present a spectral-theoretic approach to time-average statistical\nmechanics for general, non-equilibrium initial conditions. We consider the\nstatistics of bounded, local additive functionals of reversible as well as\nirreversible ergodic stochastic dynamics with continuous or discrete\nstate-space. We derive exact results for the mean, fluctuations and\ncorrelations of time average observables from the eigenspectrum of the\nunderlying generator of Fokker-Planck or master equation dynamics, and discuss\nthe results from a physical perspective. Feynman-Kac formulas are re-derived\nusing It\\^o calculus and combined with non-Hermitian perturbation theory. The\nemergence of the universal central limit law in a spectral representation is\nshown explicitly on large deviation time-scales. For reversible dynamics with\nequilibrated initial conditions we derive a general upper bound to fluctuations\nof occupation measures in terms of an integral of the return probability.\nSimple, exactly solvable examples are analyzed to demonstrate how to apply the\ntheory. As a biophysical example we revisit the Berg-Purcell problem on the\nprecision of concentration measurements by a single receptor. Our results are\ndirectly applicable to a diverse range of phenomena underpinned by time-average\nobservables and additive functionals in physical, chemical, biological, and\neconomical systems.",
        "positive": "Maximum Distance Between the Leader and the Laggard for Three Brownian\n  Walkers: We consider three independent Brownian walkers moving on a line. The process\nterminates when the left-most walker (the `Leader') meets either of the other\ntwo walkers. For arbitrary values of the diffusion constants D_1 (the Leader),\nD_2 and D_3 of the three walkers, we compute the probability distribution\nP(m|y_2,y_3) of the maximum distance m between the Leader and the current\nright-most particle (the `Laggard') during the process, where y_2 and y_3 are\nthe initial distances between the leader and the other two walkers. The result\nhas, for large m, the form P(m|y_2,y_3) \\sim A(y_2,y_3) m^{-\\delta}, where\n\\delta = (2\\pi-\\theta)/(\\pi-\\theta) and \\theta =\ncos^{-1}(D_1/\\sqrt{(D_1+D_2)(D_1+D_3)}. The amplitude A(y_2,y_3) is also\ndetermined exactly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tensor Network Renormalization Study on the Crossover in Classical\n  Heisenberg and $\\mathrm{RP^2}$ Models in Two Dimensions: We study the classical two-dimensional $\\mathrm{RP^2}$ and Heisenberg models,\nusing the Tensor-Network Renormalization (TNR) method. The determination of the\nphase diagram of these models has been challenging and controversial, owing to\nthe very large correlation lengths at low temperatures. The finite-size\nspectrum of the transfer matrix obtained by TNR is useful in identifying the\nconformal field theory describing a possible critical point. Our results\nindicate that the ultraviolet fixed point for the Heisenberg model and the\nferromagnetic $\\mathrm{RP^2}$ model in the zero temperature limit corresponds\nto a conformal field theory with central charge $c=2$, in agreement with two\nindependent would-be Nambu-Goldstone modes. On the other hand, the ultraviolet\nfixed point in the zero temperature limit for the antiferromagnetic\nLebwohl-Lasher model, which is a variant of the $\\mathrm{RP^2}$ model, seems to\nhave a larger central charge. This is consistent with $c=4$ expected from the\neffective SO(5) symmetry. At $T >0$, the convergence of the spectrum is not\ngood in both the Heisenberg and ferromagnetic $\\mathrm{RP^2}$ models. Moreover,\nthere seems no appropriate candidate of conformal field theory matching the\nspectrum, which shows the effective central charge $c \\sim 1.9$. These suggest\nthat both models have a single disordered phase at finite temperatures,\nalthough the ferromagnetic $\\mathrm{RP^2}$ model exhibits a strong crossover at\nthe temperature where the dissociation of $\\mathbb{Z}_2$ vortices has been\nreported.",
        "positive": "Identification of a polymer growth process with an equilibrium\n  multi-critical collapse phase transition: the meeting point of swollen,\n  collapsed and crystalline polymers: We have investigated a polymer growth process on the triangular lattice where\nthe configurations produced are self-avoiding trails. We show that the scaling\nbehaviour of this process is similar to the analogous process on the square\nlattice. However, while the square lattice process maps to the collapse\ntransition of the canonical interacting self-avoiding trail model (ISAT) on\nthat lattice, the process on the triangular lattice model does not map to the\ncanonical equilibrium model. On the other hand, we show that the collapse\ntransition of the canonical ISAT model on the triangular lattice behaves in a\nway reminiscent of the $\\theta$-point of the interacting self-avoiding walk\nmodel (ISAW), which is the standard model of polymer collapse. This implies an\nunusual lattice dependency of the ISAT collapse transition in two dimensions.\n  By studying an extended ISAT model, we demonstrate that the growth process\nmaps to a multi-critical point in a larger parameter space. In this extended\nparameter space the collapse phase transition may be either $\\theta$-point-like\n(second-order) or first-order, and these two are separated by a multi-critical\npoint. It is this multi-critical point to which the growth process maps.\nFurthermore, we provide evidence that in addition to the high-temperature\ngas-like swollen polymer phase (coil) and the low-temperature liquid drop-like\ncollapse phase (globule) there is also a maximally dense crystal-like phase\n(crystal) at low temperatures dependent on the parameter values. The\nmulti-critical point is the meeting point of these three phases. Our\nhypothesised phase diagram resolves the mystery of the seemingly differing\nbehaviours of the ISAW and ISAT models in two dimensions as well as the\nbehaviour of the trail growth process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First Passage Time Distribution for Anomalous Diffusion: We study the first passage time (FPT) problem in Levy type of anomalous\ndiffusion. Using the recently formulated fractional Fokker-Planck equation, we\nobtain an analytic expression for the FPT distribution which, in the large\npassage time limit, is characterized by a universal power law. Contrasting this\npower law with the asymptotic FPT distribution from another type of anomalous\ndiffusion exemplified by the fractional Brownian motion, we show that the two\ntypes of anomalous diffusions give rise to two distinct scaling behavior.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Time Reversibility with Maps and Walks: Time-reversible dynamical simulations of nonequilibrium systems exemplify\nboth Loschmidt's and Zerm\\'elo's paradoxes. That is, computational\ntime-reversible simulations invariably produce solutions consistent with the\n{\\it irreversible} Second Law of Thermodynamics (Loschmidt's) as well as {\\it\nperiodic} in the time (Zerm\\'elo's, illustrating Poincar\\'e recurrence).\nUnderstanding these paradoxical aspects of time-reversible systems is enhanced\nhere by studying the simplest pair of such model systems.\n  The first is time-reversible, but nevertheless dissipative and periodic, the\npiecewise-linear compressible Baker Map. The fractal properties of that\ntwo-dimensional map are mirrored by an even simpler example, the\none-dimensional random walk, confined to the unit interval. As a further puzzle\nthe two models yield ambiguities in determining the fractals' information\ndimensions. These puzzles, including the classical paradoxes, are reviewed and\nexplored here. We review our investigations presented in Budapest in 1997 and\nend with presentday questions posed as the Snook Prize Problems in 2020 and\n2021."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The need for inertia in nonequilibrium steady states of sheared binary\n  fluids: We study numerically phase separation in a binary fluid subject to an applied\nshear flow in two dimensions, with full hydrodynamics. To do so, we introduce a\nmixed finite-differencing/spectral simulation technique, with a transformation\nto render trivial the implementation of Lees-Edwards sheared periodic boundary\nconditions. For systems with inertia, we reproduce the nonequilibrium steady\nstates reported in a recent lattice Boltzmann study. The domain coarsening that\nwould occur in zero shear is arrested by the applied shear flow, which restores\na finite domain size set by the inverse shear rate. For inertialess systems, in\ncontrast, we find no evidence of nonequilibrium steady states free of finite\nsize effects: coarsening persists indefinitely until the typical domain size\nattains the system size, as in zero shear. We present an analytical argument\nthat supports this observation, and that furthermore provides a possible\nexplanation for a hitherto puzzling property of the nonequilibrium steady\nstates with inertia.",
        "positive": "Information free energy for nonequilibrium states: We introduce an information free energy for thermodynamic systems driven by\nexternal time-dependent parameters. We show that the latter is a nonequilibrium\nstate function and that it is a natural generalization of the usual equilibrium\nand steady state free energies. We discuss its importance for the\nnonequilibrium maximum work theorem and the Jarzynski relation in the presence\nof feedback control. We further show that it is a nonequilibrium Lyapunov\nfunction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work Extraction from a Single Energy Eigenstate: Work extraction from the Gibbs ensemble by a cyclic operation is impossible,\nas represented by the second law of thermodynamics. On the other hand, the\neigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) states that just a single energy\neigenstate can describe a thermal equilibrium state. Here we attempt to unify\nthese two perspectives and investigate the second law at the level of\nindividual energy eigenstates, by examining the possibility of extracting work\nfrom a single energy eigenstate. Specifically, we performed numerical exact\ndiagonalization of a quench protocol of local Hamiltonians and evaluated the\nnumber of work-extractable energy eigenstates. We found that it becomes exactly\nzero in a finite system size, implying that a positive amount of work cannot be\nextracted from any energy eigenstate, if one or both of the pre- and the\npost-quench Hamiltonians are non-integrable. We argue that the mechanism behind\nthis numerical observation is based on the ETH for a non-local observable. Our\nresult implies that quantum chaos, characterized by non-integrability, leads to\na stronger version of the second law than the conventional formulation based on\nthe statistical ensembles.",
        "positive": "Spin-thermodynamics of cold spin-1 atoms decoupled from spatial modes: We study the thermodynamic properties of cold spin-1 atoms with a fixed\nmagnetization M and decoupled from spatial modes. Three temperature domains are\nfound: (0, T1) is a domain of second condensation, namely, both the spatial and\nspin degrees of freedom are frozen; (T1, T2) is a T - sensitive domain, where\nthe internal energy U \\propto T, entropy SE \\propto log T, and U/kBT is always\nless than 3/2; (T2, T3) is the third domain with a maximum entropy. When T is\nhigher than T3, the spatial modes can not be neglected. The appearance of these\ndomains originates from the two gaps: (i) The gap between the ground state and\nthe first excited state, and (ii) the gap between the highest spin-state\nwithout spatial excitation and the lowest state with a spatial mode excited.\nThese two gaps are crucial to the low temperature physics and they can be\ntuned."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aggregation in non-uniform systems with advection and localized source: We explore analytically and numerically agglomeration driven by advection and\nlocalized source. The system is inhomogeneous in one dimension, viz. along the\ndirection of advection. We analyze a simplified model with mass-independent\nadvection velocity, diffusion coefficient, and reaction rates. We also examine\na model with mass-dependent coefficients describing aggregation with\nsedimentation. For the simplified model, we obtain an exact solution for the\nstationary spatially dependent agglomerate densities. In the model describing\naggregation with sedimentation, we report a new conservation law and develop a\nscaling theory for the densities. For numerical efficiency we exploit the\nlow-rank approximation technique; this dramatically increases the computational\nspeed and allows simulations of large systems. The numerical results are in\nexcellent agreement with the predictions of our theory.",
        "positive": "F\u00edsica Estad\u00edstica: teor\u00eda, ejemplos trabajados, modelos y\n  simulaciones: In this book, we study Statistical Physics under conditions of thermodynamic\nequilibrium, starting from the definition of statistical ensembles. The book is\ndivided into five chapters: First, a brief introduction to statistical methods.\nSecond, the statistical description of isolated systems, corresponding to\nmicrocanonical ensembles. Third, the statistical description of systems in\ncontact with a heat reservoir at a constant temperature T, known as the\ncanonical ensemble. Fourth, the description of systems in contact with a heat\nreservoir at temperature T and with a constant chemical potential {\\mu}; the\ngrand canonical ensemble. And finally, quantum statistics. In each chapter, a\ntheoretical description, worked examples, links to simulations (see GitHub\nrepository: https://github.com/davidalejandromiranda/StatisticalPhysics) and\ndiscussions on recent scientific reports will be presented so readers can\ncomplement their studies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact entanglement growth of a one-dimensional hard-core quantum gas\n  during a free expansion: We consider the non-equilibrium dynamics of the entanglement entropy of a\none-dimensional quantum gas of hard-core particles, initially confined in a box\npotential at zero temperature. At $t=0$ the right edge of the box is suddenly\nreleased and the system is let free to expand. During this expansion, the\ninitially correlated region propagates with a non-homogeneous profile, leading\nto the growth of entanglement entropy. This setting is investigated in the\nhydrodynamic regime, with tools stemming from semi-classical Wigner function\napproach and with recent developments of quantum fluctuating hydrodynamics.\nWithin this framework, the entanglement entropy can be associated to a\ncorrelation function of chiral twist-fields of the conformal field theory that\nlives along the Fermi contour and it can be exactly determined. Our predictions\nfor the entanglement evolution are found in agreement with and generalize\nprevious results in literature based on numerical calculations and heuristic\narguments.",
        "positive": "Entropy flow through near-critical quantum junctions: This is the continuation of cond-mat/0505084. Elementary formulas are derived\nfor the flow of entropy through a circuit junction in a near-critical quantum\ncircuit, based on the structure of the energy-momentum tensor at the junction.\nThe entropic admittance of a near-critical junction in a bulk-critical circuit\nis expressed in terms of commutators of the chiral entropy currents. The\nentropic admittance at low frequency, divided by the frequency, gives the\nchange of the junction entropy with temperature -- the entropic `capacitance'.\nAs an example, and as a check on the formalism, the entropic admittance is\ncalculated explicitly for junctions in bulk-critical quantum Ising circuits\n(free fermions, massless in the bulk), in terms of the reflection matrix of the\njunction. The half-bit of information capacity per end of critical Ising wire\nis re-derived by integrating the entropic `capacitance' with respect to\ntemperature, from T=0 to T=infinity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipative preparation of many-body Floquet Chern insulators: Considering coupling to a micro-structured bath as a relaxation mechanism in\na periodically driven dissipative Haldane model, we establish that the system\nmay be tuned to a stroboscopic topological steady state at all finite\ntemperatures. The amplitude and frequency of the periodic drive is so chosen\nthat the Floquet Hamiltonian describing the Haldane model at stroboscopic\ninstants of time in the unitary situation is topologically non-trivial. We\nestablish that in the stroboscopic steady state, the system reaches a thermal\nstate of the Floquet Hamiltonian at a controlled temperature. Further, it is\nobserved that even with a coupling to a quasi-local bath, remarkably a Chern\ninsulator can indeed be prepared in a Chern non-trivial pure steady state which\nis expected to exhibit a stroboscopic bulk-boundary correspondence. Using the\nnon-uniqueness of the macroscopic bulk electric polarisation of a Chern\ninsulator in its topological phase, we propose a generalised Chern invariant\nthat reflects the topology of out-of-equilibrium many-body stroboscopic states\nof the Haldane model even in a dissipative ambience. The generalised topology\nof dynamical Chern insulators being dependent on single-particle correlations,\nis expected to manifest in experiments probing many-body quantum observables.",
        "positive": "Directed Percolation and Systems with Absorbing States: Impact of\n  Boundaries: We review the critical behavior of nonequilibrium systems, such as directed\npercolation (DP) and branching-annihilating random walks (BARW), which possess\nphase transitions into absorbing states. After reviewing the bulk scaling\nbehavior of these models, we devote the main part of this review to analyzing\nthe impact of walls on their critical behavior. We discuss the possible\nboundary universality classes for the DP and BARW models, which can be\ndescribed by a general scaling theory which allows for two independent surface\nexponents in addition to the bulk critical exponents. Above the upper critical\ndimension $d_c$, we review the use of mean field theories, whereas in the\nregime $d<d_c$, where fluctuations are important, we examine the application of\nfield theoretic methods. Of particular interest is the situation in $d=1$,\nwhich has been extensively investigated using numerical simulations and series\nexpansions. Although DP and BARW fit into the same scaling theory, they can\nstill show very different surface behavior: for DP some exponents are\ndegenerate, a property not shared with the BARW model. Moreover, a ``hidden''\nduality symmetry of BARW in $d=1$ is broken by the boundary and this relates\nexponents and boundary conditions in an intricate way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase controllable dynamical localization: a generalization of the\n  Dunlap-Kenkre result: Dunlap-Kenkre result states that Dynamical Localization (DL) of a field\ndriven quantum particle in a discrete periodic lattice happens when the ratio\nof the field magnitude to the field frequency (say, $\\eta$) of the diagonal\nsinusoidal drive is a root of the ordinary Bessel function of order 0. This has\nbeen experimentally verified. A generalization of the Dunlap-Kenkre result is\npresented here. We analytically show that if we have an off-diagonal driving\nfield (with modulation $\\delta$) and diagonal driving field with different\nfrequencies (say $\\omega_1$ and $\\omega_2$ respectively) and a definite phase\nrelationship $\\phi$ between them, one can obtain DL if (1) $\\eta$ is a zero of\nthe Bessel function of order 0 and $\\phi$ is an odd multiple of $\\pi/2$ for\nequal and $\\frac{\\omega_1}{\\omega_2}= odd integer$ driving frequencies, (2)\n$\\eta$ is a zero of the Bessel function of order 0 and $\\phi$ is an integer\nmultiple of $\\pi$ including zero for $\\frac{\\omega_1}{\\omega_2}= even integer\n\\equiv m$, and (3) $\\phi = -\\arcsin(\\frac{J_0(\\eta)}{\\delta J_m(\\eta)})$ and\n$\\eta$ is not a zero of the Bessel function of the even order $m$.",
        "positive": "Shell model of superfluid turbulence: Superfluid helium consists of two inter-penetrating fluids, a viscous normal\nfluid and an inviscid superfluid, coupled by a mutual friction. We develop a\ntwo-fluid shell model to study superfluid turbulence. We investigate the energy\nspectra and the balance of fluxes between the two fluids as a function of\ntemperature in continuously forced turbulence, and, in the absence of forcing,\nthe decay of turbulence. We furthermore investigate deviations from the\n$k^{-5/3}$ spectrum caused by the mutual friction force. We compare our results\nwith experiments and existing calculations. We find that, at sufficiently low\ntemperatures a build-up of energy develops at high wavenumbers suggesting the\nneed for a further dissipative effect, such as the Kelvin wave cascade and\nphonon emission."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of the restricted primitive model revisited: Reassessment of the critical temperature and density of the restricted\nprimitive model of an ionic fluid by Monte Carlo simulations performed for\nsystem sizes with linear dimension up to $L/\\sigma=34$ and sampling of $\\sim\n10^9$ trial moves leads to $T^*_c=0.04917 \\pm 0.00002$ and $\\rho_c^* =0.080 \\pm\n0.005$. Finite size scaling analysis based in the Bruce-Wilding procedure gives\ncritical exponents in agreement with those of the 3d Ising universality class.\nAn analysis similar to that proposed by Orkoulas et al [Phys. Rev. E 63, 051507\n(2001)], not relying on an a priori knowledge of the universality class, leads\nto an unaccurate estimate of $T_c^*$ and to unexpected behavior of the specific\nheat and value of the critical exponent ratio $\\gamma/\\nu$.",
        "positive": "Last-passage time for linear diffusions and application to the emptying\n  time of a box: We study the statistics of last-passage time for linear diffusions. First we\npresent an elementary derivation of the Laplace transform of the probability\ndensity of the last-passage time, thus recovering known results from the\nmathematical literature. We then illustrate them on several explicit examples.\nIn a second step we study the spectral properties of the Schr\\\"{o}dinger\noperator associated to such diffusions in an even potential $U(x) = U(-x)$,\nunveiling the role played by the so-called Weyl coefficient. Indeed, in this\ncase, our approach allows us to relate the last-passage times for dual\ndiffusions (i.e., diffusions driven by opposite force fields) and to obtain new\nexplicit formulae for the mean last-passage time. We further show that, for\nsuch even potentials, the small time $t$ expansion of the mean last-passage\ntime on the interval $[0,t]$ involves the Korteveg-de Vries invariants, which\nare well known in the theory of Schr\\\"odinger operators. Finally, we apply\nthese results to study the emptying time of a one-dimensional box, of size $L$,\ncontaining $N$ independent Brownian particles subjected to a constant drift. In\nthe scaling limit where both $N \\to \\infty$ and $L \\to \\infty$, keeping the\ndensity $\\rho = N/L$ fixed, we show that the limiting density of the emptying\ntime is given by a Gumbel distribution. Our analysis provides a new example of\nthe applications of extreme value statistics to out-of-equilibrium systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Yield stress in amorphous solids: A mode-coupling theory analysis: The yield stress is a defining feature of amorphous materials which is\ndifficult to analyze theoretically, because it stems from the strongly\nnon-linear response of an arrested solid to an applied deformation.\nMode-coupling theory predicts the flow curves of materials undergoing a glass\ntransition, and thus offers predictions for the yield stress of amorphous\nsolids. We use this approach to analyse several classes of disordered solids,\nusing simple models of hard sphere glasses, soft glasses, and metallic glasses\nfor which the mode-coupling predictions can be directly compared to the outcome\nof numerical measurements. The theory correctly describes the emergence of a\nyield stress of entropic nature in hard sphere glasses, and its rapid growth as\ndensity approaches random close packing at qualitative level. By contrast, the\nemergence of solid behavior in soft and metallic glasses, which originates from\ndirect particle interactions is not well described by the theory. We show that\nsimilar shortcomings arise in the description of the vibrational dynamics of\nthe glass phase at rest. We discuss the range of applicability of mode-coupling\ntheory to understand the yield stress and non-linear rheology of amorphous\nmaterials.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium steady states in a closed inhomogeneous asymmetric\n  exclusion process with particle nonconservation: We study asymmetric exclusion processes (TASEP) on a nonuniform\none-dimensional ring consisting of two segments having unequal hopping rates,\nor {\\em defects}. We allow weak particle nonconservation via Langmuir kinetics\n(LK), that are parameterised by generic unequal attachment and detachment\nrates. For an extended defect, in the thermodynamic limit the system\ngenerically displays inhomogeneous density profiles in the steady state - the\nfaster segment is either in a phase with spatially varying density having no\ndensity discontinuity, or a phase with a discontinuous density changes.\nNonequilibrium phase transitions between them are controlled by the\ninhomogeneity and LK. The slower segment displays only macroscopically uniform\nbulk density profiles in the steady states, reminiscent of the maximal current\nphase of TASEP but with a bulk density generally different from half. With a\npoint defect, there are low and high density spatially uniform phases as well,\nin addition to the inhomogeneous density profiles observed for an extended\ndefect. In all the cases, it is argued that the the mean particle density in\nthe steady state is controlled only by the ratio of the LK attachment and\ndetachment rates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Signatures of Randomness in Quantum Chaos: We investigate toy dynamical models of energy-level repulsion in quantum\neigenvalue sequences. We focus on parametric (with respect to a running\ncoupling or \"complexity\" parameter) stochastic processes that are capable of\nrelaxing towards a stationary regime (e. g. equilibrium, invariant asymptotic\nmeasure). In view of ergodic property, that makes them appropriate for the\nstudy of short-range fluctuations in any disordered, randomly-looking spectral\nsequence (as exemplified e. g. by empirical nearest-neighbor spacings\nhistograms of various quantum systems). The pertinent Markov diffusion-type\nprocesses (with values in the space of spacings) share a general form of\nforward drifts $b(x) = {{N-1}\\over {2x}} - x$, where $x>0$ stands for the\nspacing value. Here $N = 2,3,5$ correspond to the familiar (generic)\nrandom-matrix theory inspired cases, based on the exploitation of the Wigner\nsurmise (usually regarded as an approximate formula). N=4 corresponds to the\n(non-generic) non-Hermitian Ginibre ensemble. The result appears to be exact in\nthe context of $2\\times 2$ random matrices and indicates a potential validity\nof other non-generic $N>5$ level repulsion laws.",
        "positive": "The Two Scaling Regimes of the Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation for\n  the KPZ-Equation: We investigate the thermodynamic uncertainty relation for the $(1+1)$\ndimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation on a finite spatial interval. In\nparticular, we extend the results for small coupling strengths obtained\npreviously to large values of the coupling parameter. It will be shown that,\ndue to the scaling behavior of the KPZ equation, the TUR product displays two\ndistinct regimes which are separated by a critical value of an effective\ncoupling parameter. The asymptotic behavior below and above the critical\nthreshold is explored analytically. For small coupling, we determine this\nproduct perturbatively including the fourth order; for strong coupling we\nemploy a dynamical renormalization group approach. Whereas the TUR product\napproaches a value of $5$ in the weak coupling limit, it asymptotically\ndisplays a linear increase with the coupling parameter for strong couplings.\nThe analytical results are then compared to direct numerical simulations of the\nKPZ equation showing convincing agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transient dynamics in the thermal ratchets transport model: The thermal ratchets model toggles a spatially periodic asymmetric potential\nto rectify random walks and achieve transport of diffusing particles. We\nnumerically solve the governing equation for the full dynamics of an infinite\n1D ratchet model in response to periodic switching. Transient aperiodic\nbehavior is observed that converges asymptotically to the period of the\nswitching. We study measures of the transport rate, the transient lifetime, and\nan equivalent of `amplitude', then investigate their dependence on various\nproperties of the system, along with other features of the transient and\nasymptotic dynamics.",
        "positive": "KPZ physics and phase transition in a classical single random walker\n  under continuous measurement: We introduce and study a new model consisting of a single classical random\nwalker undergoing continuous monitoring at rate $\\gamma$ on a discrete lattice.\nAlthough such a continuous measurement cannot affect physical observables, it\nhas a non-trivial effect on the probability distribution of the random walker.\nAt small $\\gamma$, we show analytically that the time-evolution of the latter\ncan be mapped to the Stochastic Heat Equation (SHE). In this limit, the width\nof the log probability thus follows a Family-Vicsek scaling law,\n$N^{\\alpha}f(t/N^{\\alpha/\\beta})$, with roughness and growth exponents\ncorresponding to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class, i.e\n$\\alpha^{\\rm{1D}}_{\\rm{KPZ}}=1/2$ and $\\beta^{\\rm{1D}}_{\\rm{KPZ}}=1/3$\nrespectively. When $\\gamma$ is increased outside this regime, we find\nnumerically in 1D a crossover from the KPZ class to a new universality class\ncharacterized by exponents $\\alpha^{1\\rm{D}}_{\\text{M}}\\approx 1$ and\n$\\beta^{1\\rm{D}}_{\\text{M}}\\approx 1.4$. In 3D, varying $\\gamma$ beyond a\ncritical value $\\gamma^c_{\\rm{M}}$ leads to a phase transition from a smooth\nphase that we identify as the Edwards-Wilkinson (EW) class to a new\nuniversality class with $\\alpha^{3\\rm{D}}_{\\text{M}}\\approx1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simulation of melting of two dimensional Lennard-Jones solids: We study the nature of melting of a two dimensional (2D) Lennard-Jones solid\nusing large scale Monte Carlo simulation. We use systems of up to 102,400\nparticles to capture the decay of the correlation functions associated with\ntranslational order (TO) as well as the bond-orientational (BO) order. We study\nthe role of dislocations and disclinations and their distribution functions. We\ncomputed the temperature dependence of the second moment of the two order\nparameters, i.e., of the TO order parameter as well as of the order parameter\nassociated with BO order and using finite-size scaling we determined the\ncorresponding two anomalous dimension critical exponents eta. We also computed\nthe temperature dependent distribution of these two order parameters on the\ncomplex plane which support a two stage melting with a hexatic phase as an\nintermediate phase. The analysis of our results leads to a consistent picture\nstrongly supporting a two stage melting scenario as predicted by the\nKosterlitz, Thouless, Halperin, Nelson, and Young (KTHNY) theory. We find that\nthe two correlation lengths associated with translational and\nbond-orientational order have a distinctly different temperature dependence\neach diverging at different temperature and that their finite size scaling\nproperties are consistent with the KTHNY theory. We also used the temperature\ndependence of etas and their theoretical bounds to provide estimates for the\ntwo critical temperatures, which are found to be in agreement with those\ndetermined from the divergent correlation lengths and from the Binder ratio.",
        "positive": "Phase Transitions of Soft Disks in External Periodic Potentials: A Monte\n  Carlo Study: The nature of freezing and melting transitions for a system of model colloids\ninteracting by a DLVO potential in a spatially periodic external potential is\nstudied using extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Detailed finite size scaling\nanalyses of various thermodynamic quantities like the order parameter, its\ncumulants etc. are used to map the phase diagram of the system for various\nvalues of the reduced screening length $\\kappa a_{s}$ and the amplitude of the\nexternal potential. We find clear indication of a reentrant liquid phase over a\nsignificant region of the parameter space. Our simulations therefore show that\nthe system of soft disks behaves in a fashion similar to charge stabilized\ncolloids which are known to undergo an initial freezing, followed by a\nre-melting transition as the amplitude of the imposed, modulating field\nproduced by crossed laser beams is steadily increased. Detailed analysis of our\ndata shows several features consistent with a recent dislocation unbinding\ntheory of laser induced melting."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Consequences of the Detailed Balance for the Crooks Fluctuation Theorem: We show that the assumptions of the detailed balance and of the initial\nequilibrium macrostate, which are central to the Crooks fluctuation theorem\n(CFT), lead to all microstates along a trajectory to have equilibrium\nprobabilities. We also point out that the Crooks's definition of the backward\ntrajectory does not return the system back to its initial microstate. Once\ncorrected, the detailed balance assumption makes the CFT a theorem only about\nreversible processes involving reversible trajectories that satisfy\nKolmogorov's criterion. As there is no dissipation, the CFT cannot cover\nirreversible processes, which is contrary to the common belief. This is\nconsistent with our recent result that the JE is also a result only for\nreversible processes.",
        "positive": "Numerical Study of Order in a Gauge Glass Model: The XY model with quenched random phase shifts is studied by a T=0 finite\nsize defect energy scaling method in 2d and 3d. The defect energy is defined by\na change in the boundary conditions from those compatible with the true ground\nstate configuration for a given realization of disorder. A numerical technique,\nwhich is exact in principle, is used to evaluate this energy and to estimate\nthe stiffness exponent $\\theta$. This method gives $\\theta = -0.36\\pm0.013$ in\n2d and $\\theta = +0.31\\pm 0.015$ in 3d, which are considerably larger than\nprevious estimates, strongly suggesting that the lower critical dimension is\nless than three. Some arguments in favor of these new estimates are given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation properties of the random linear high-order Markov chains: The aim of this paper is to study the correlation properties of random\nsequences with additive linear conditional probability distribution function\n(CPDF) and elaborate a reliable tool for their generation. It is supposed that\nthe state space of the sequence under examination belongs to a finite set of\nreal numbers. The CPDF is assumed to be additive and linear with respect to the\nvalues of the random variable. We derive the equations that relate the\ncorrelation functions of the sequence to the memory function coefficients,\nwhich determine the CPDF. The obtained analytical solutions for the equations\nconnecting the memory and correlation functions are compared with the results\nof numerical simulation. Examples of possible correlation scenarios in the\nhigh-order additive linear chains are given.",
        "positive": "Effect of the reservoir size on gas adsorption in inhomogeneous porous\n  media: We study the influence of the relative size of the reservoir on the\nadsorption isotherms of a fluid in disordered or inhomogeneous mesoporous\nsolids. We consider both an atomistic model of a fluid in a simple, yet\nstructured pore, whose adsorption isotherms are computed by molecular\nsimulation, and a coarse-grained model for adsorption in a disordered\nmesoporous material, studied by a density functional approach in a local\nmean-field approximation. In both cases, the fluid inside the porous solid\nexchanges matter with a reservoir of gas that is at the same temperature and\nchemical potential and whose relative size can be varied, and the control\nparameter is the total number of molecules present in the porous sample and in\nthe reservoir. Varying the relative sizes of the reservoir and the sample may\nchange the shape of the hysteretic isotherms, leading to a \"reentrant\" behavior\ncompared to the grand-canonical isotherm when the latter displays a jump in\ndensity. We relate these phenomena to the organization of the metastable states\nthat are accessible for the adsorbed fluid at a given chemical potential or\ndensity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The internal Josephson effect in a Fermi gas near a Feshbach resonance: We consider a two-component system of Fermi atoms and molecular bosons in the\nvicinity of a Feshbash resonance. We derive an effective action for the system,\nwhich has a term describing coherent tunneling of the molecular bosons into\nCooper pairs and vice versa. In the equilibrium state, global phase coherence\nmay be destroyed by thermal or quantum phase fluctuations. In the\nnon-equilibrium regime, the system may show an internal AC Josephson effect\nleading to real time oscillations in the number of molecular bosons.",
        "positive": "Type-dependent irreversible stochastic spin models for genetic\n  regulatory networks at the level of promotion-inhibition circuitry: We describe an approach to model genetic regulatory networks at the level of\npromotion-inhibition circuitry through a class of stochastic spin models that\nincludes spatial and temporal density fluctuations in a natural way. The\nformalism can be viewed as an agent-based model formalism with agent behavior\nruled by a classical spin-like pseudo-Hamiltonian playing the role of a local,\nindividual objective function. A particular but otherwise generally applicable\nchoice for the microscopic transition rates of the models also makes them of\nindependent interest. To illustrate the formalism, we investigate (by Monte\nCarlo simulations) some stationary state properties of the repressilator, a\nsynthetic three-gene network of transcriptional regulators that possesses\noscillatory behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractal Properties and Characterizations: There are three important types of structural properties that remain\nunchanged under the structural transformation of condensed matter physics and\nchemistry. They are the properties that remain unchanged under the structural\nperiodic transformation-periodic properties. The properties that remain\nunchanged under the structural multi scale transformation-fractal properties.\nThe properties that remain unchanged under the structural continuous\ndeformation transformation-topological properties. In this paper, we will\ndescribe some important methods used so far to characterize the fractal\nproperties, including the theoretical method of calculating the fractal\ndimension, the renormalization group method, and the experimental method of\nmeasuring the fractal dimension. Multiscale fractal theory method,\nthermodynamic representation form and phase change of multiscale fractal, and\nwavelet transform of multiscale fractal. The development of the fractal concept\nis briefly introduced: negative fractal dimension, complex fractal dimension\nand fractal space time. New concepts such as balanced and conserved universe,\nthe wormholes connection to the whiteholes and blackholes for universes\ncommunication, quantum fractals, platonic quantum fractals for a qubit, new\nmanipulating fractal space time effects such as transformation function types,\nprobabilities of measurement, manipulating codes, and hiding transformation\nfunctions are also discussed. In addition, we will see the use of scale\nanalysis theory to stimulate the elements on the fractal structure: the\nresearch on the dynamics of fractal structure and the corresponding computer\nsimulation and experimental research. The novel applications of fractals in\nintegrated circuits are also discussed in this paper.",
        "positive": "Hysteresis and Return Point Memory in Artificial Spin Ice Systems: We investigate hysteresis loops and return point memory for artificial square\nand kagome spin ice systems by cycling an applied bias force and comparing\nmicroscopic effective spin configurations throughout the hysteresis cycle.\nReturn point memory loss is caused by motion of individual defects in kagome\nice or of grain boundaries in square ice. In successive cycles, return point\nmemory is recovered rapidly in kagome ice. Memory is recovered more gradually\nin square ice due to the extended nature of the grain boundaries. Increasing\nthe amount of quenched disorder increases the defect density but also enhances\nthe return point memory since the defects become trapped more easily."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time-delay Induced Dimensional Crossover in Voter Model: We investigate the ordering dynamics of the voter model with time-delayed\ninteractions. The dynamical process in the $d$-dimensional lattice is shown to\nbe equivalent to the first passage problem of a random walker in the\n$(d+1)$-dimensional strip of a finite width determined by the delay time. The\nequivalence reveals that the time delay leads to the dimensional crossover from\nthe $(d+1)$-dimensional scaling behavior at short time to the $d$-dimensional\nscaling behavior in the long time. The scaling property in both regimes and the\ncrossover time scale are obtained analytically, which are confirmed with the\nnumerical simulation results.",
        "positive": "Continuous-time random walk for a particle in a periodic potential: Continuous-time random walks offer powerful coarse-grained descriptions of\ntransport processes. We here microscopically derive such a model for a Brownian\nparticle diffusing in a deep periodic potential. We determine both the\nwaiting-time and the jump-length distributions in terms of the parameters of\nthe system, from which we analytically deduce the non-Gaussian characteristic\nfunction. We apply this continuous-time random walk model to characterize the\nunderdamped diffusion of single Cesium atoms in a one-dimensional optical\nlattice. We observe excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical\ncharacteristic functions, without any free parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large Deviations for Chiral Transition through Path Integral: An noise-induced mechanism has been revealed by some authors recently for the\nhomochirality in a chiral system. Motivated by such stochastic process, we\nstudy the noise-induced transition in the system. The chiral transition, say\nthe transition between chiral states, is impossible in the deterministic view\nif the homochirality has been converged, but is a rare event when noise is\ninvolved. We study the rare event by using the large deviation theory (LDT) and\nfigure out the LDT rate functional for the transition probability through the\nDoi-Peliti second quantization path integral method. In order to check the\ncorrectness of our work, we have derived the Langevin equations through the\npath integral method by using the Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation, and\nrecover the equations reported by other authors through a different method.",
        "positive": "Velocity Distribution of Inelastic Granular Gas in Homogeneous Cooling\n  State: The velocity distribution of inelastic granular gas is examined numerically\non two dimensional hard disk system in nearly elastic regime using molecular\ndynamical simulations. The system is prepared initially in the equilibrium\nstate with the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, then after a several inelastic\ncollisions per particle, the system falls in the state that the Boltzmann\nequation predicts with the stationary form of velocity distribution. It turns\nout, however, that due to the velocity correlation the form of the distribution\nfunction does not stay time-independent, but is gradually returning to the\nMaxwellian immediately after the initial transient till the clustering\ninstability sets in. It shows that, even in the homogeneous cooling state, the\nvelocity correlation in the inelastic system invalidates the assumption of\nmolecular chaos and the prediction by the Boltzmann equation fails."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation-dissipation relations for continuous quantum measurements: The generating functional is derived for the fluctuation-dissipation\nrelations which result from the unitarity and reversibility of microscopic\ndynamics and connect various statistical characteristics of many consecutive\n(continuous) observations in a quantum system subjected to external\nperturbations. Consequences of these relations in respect to the earlier\nsuggested stochastic representation of interaction between two systems are\nconsidered.",
        "positive": "Magnetization distribution in the transverse Ising chain with energy\n  flux: The zero-temperature transverse Ising chain carrying an energy flux j_E is\nstudied with the aim of determining the nonequilibrium distribution functions,\nP(M_z) and P(M_x), of its transverse and longitudinal magnetizations,\nrespectively. An exact calculation reveals that P(M_z) is a Gaussian both at\nj_E=0 and j_E not equal 0, and the width of the distribution decreases with\nincreasing energy flux. The distribution of the order-parameter fluctuations,\nP(M_x), is evaluated numerically for spin-chains of up to 20 spins. For the\nequilibrium case (j_E=0), we find the expected Gaussian fluctuations away from\nthe critical point while the critical order-parameter fluctuations are shown to\nbe non-gaussian with a scaling function Phi(x)=Phi(M_x/<M_x>)=<M_x>P(M_x)\nstrongly dependent on the boundary conditions. When j_E not equal 0, the system\ndisplays long-range, oscillating correlations but P(M_x) is a Gaussian\nnevertheless, and the width of the Gaussian decreases with increasing j_E. In\nparticular, we find that, at critical transverse field, the width has a\nj_E^(-3/8) asymptotic in the j_E -> 0 limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality of Domain Growth in Antiferromagnets with Spin-Exchange\n  Kinetics: We study phase ordering kinetics in symmetric and asymmetric binary mixtures,\nundergoing an order-disorder transition below the critical temperature.\nMicroscopically, we model the kinetics via antiferromagnetic Ising model with\nKawasaki spin-exchange kinetics. This conserves the composition while the\norder-parameter (staggered magnetization) is not conserved. The order-parameter\ncorrelation function and structure factor show dynamical scaling, and the\nscaling functions are independent of the mixture composition. The average\ndomain size shows a power-law growth: $L_\\sigma(t)\\sim t^\\alpha$. The\nasymptotic growth regime has $\\alpha=1/2$, though there can be prolonged\ntransients with $\\alpha<1/2$ for asymmetric mixtures. Our unambiguous\nobservation of the asymptotic universal regime is facilitated by using an\naccelerated Monte Carlo technique. We also obtain the coarse-grained free\nenergy from the Hamiltonian, as a function of two order-parameters. The\nevolution of these order-parameters is modeled by using \\textit{Model C}\nkinetics. Similar to the microscopic dynamics, the average domain size of the\nnonconserved order-parameter (staggered magnetization) field exhibits a\npower-law growth: $L_m(t)\\sim t^{1/2}$ at later times, irrespective of the mean\nvalue of the conserved order-parameter (composition) field.",
        "positive": "On the range of validity of the fluctuation theorem for stochastic\n  Markovian dynamics: We consider the fluctuations of generalized currents in stochastic Markovian\ndynamics. The large deviations of current fluctuations are shown to obey a\nGallavotti-Cohen (GC) type symmetry in systems with a finite state space.\nHowever, this symmetry is not guaranteed to hold in systems with an infinite\nstate space. A simple example of such a case is the Zero-Range Process (ZRP).\nHere we discuss in more detail the already reported breakdown of the GC\nsymmetry in the context of the ZRP with open boundaries and we give a physical\ninterpretation of the phases that appear. Furthermore, the earlier analytical\nresults for the single-site case are extended to cover multiple-site systems.\nWe also use our exact results to test an efficient numerical algorithm of\nGiardina, Kurchan and Peliti, which was developed to measure the current large\ndeviation function directly. We find that this method breaks down in some\nphases which we associate with the gapless spectrum of an effective\nHamiltonian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Damage nucleation phenomena: Statistics of times to failure: In this paper we investigate the statistical behavior of an annealed\ncontinuous damage model. For different model variations we study distributions\nof times to failure and compare these results with the classical case of\nmetastable nucleation in statistical mechanics. We show that our model has a\ntuning parameter which significantly determines the model behavior. Depending\non the values of this tuning parameter, our model exhibits statistical behavior\neither similar to nucleation of systems in statistical mechanics or an\nabsolutely different type of behavior intrinsic only for systems with damage.\nThis lets us investigate the possible similarities and differences between\ndamage phenomena and classical phenomena of nucleation in statistical\nmechanics.",
        "positive": "Scale-free patterns at a saddle-node bifurcation in a stochastic system: We demonstrate that scale-free patterns are observed in a spatially extended\nstochastic system whose deterministic part undergoes a saddle-node bifurcation.\nRemarkably, the scale-free patterns appear only at a particular time in\nrelaxation processes from a spatially homogeneous initial condition. We\ncharacterize the scale-free nature in terms of the spatial configuration of the\nexiting time from a marginal saddle where the pair annihilation of a saddle and\na node occurs at the bifurcation point. Critical exponents associated with the\nscale-free patterns are determined by numerical experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Selection and control of pathways by using externally adjustable noise\n  on a stochastic cubic autocatalytic chemical system: We investigate the effect of noisy feed rates on the behavior of a cubic\nautocatalytic chemical reaction model. By combining the renormalization group\nand stoichiometric network analysis, we demonstrate how externally adjustable\nrandom perturbations (extrinsic noise) can be used to select reaction pathways\nand therefore control reaction yields. This method is general and provides the\nmeans to explore the impact that changing statistical parameters in a noisy\nexternal environment (such as noisy feed rates, fluctuating reaction rates\ninduced by noisy light, etc) has on chemical fluxes and pathways, thus\ndemonstrating how external noise may be used to control, promote, direct and\noptimize chemical progress through a given reaction pathway.",
        "positive": "Cooper pairs and exclusion statistics from coupled free-fermion chains: We show how to couple two free-fermion chains so that the excitations consist\nof Cooper pairs with zero energy, and free particles obeying (mutual) exclusion\nstatistics. This behavior is reminiscent of anyonic superconductivity, and of a\nferromagnetic version of the Haldane-Shastry spin chain, although here the\ninteractions are local. We solve this model using the nested Bethe ansatz, and\nfind all the eigenstates; the Cooper pairs correspond to exact-string or\n``0/0'' solutions of the Bethe equations. We show how the model possesses an\ninfinite-dimensional symmetry algebra, which is a supersymmetric version of the\nYangian symmetry algebra for the Haldane-Shastry model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The three faces of entropy for complex systems -- information,\n  thermodynamics and the maxent principle: There are three ways to conceptualize entropy: entropy as an extensive\nthermodynamic quantity of physical systems (Clausius, Boltzmann, Gibbs),\nentropy as a measure for information production of ergodic sources (Shannon),\nand entropy as a means for statistical inference on multinomial Bernoulli\nprocesses (Jaynes maximum entropy principle). Even though these notions are\nfundamentally different concepts, the functional form of the entropy for\nthermodynamic systems in equilibrium, for ergodic sources in information\ntheory, and for independent sampling processes in statistical systems, is\ndegenerate, $H(p)=-\\sum_i p_i\\log p_i$. For many complex systems, which are\ntypically history-dependent, non-ergodic and non-multinomial, this is no longer\nthe case. Here we show that for such processes the three entropy concepts lead\nto different functional forms of entropy. We explicitly compute these entropy\nfunctionals for three concrete examples. For Polya urn processes, which are\nsimple self-reinforcing processes, the source information rate is $S_{\\rm\nIT}=\\frac{1}{1-c}\\frac1N \\log N$, the thermodynamical (extensive) entropy is\n$(c,d)$-entropy, $S_{\\rm EXT}=S_{(c,0)}$, and the entropy in the maxent\nprinciple (MEP) is $S_{\\rm MEP}(p)=-\\sum_i \\log p_i$. For sample space reducing\n(SSR) processes, which are simple path-dependent processes that are associated\nwith power law statistics, the information rate is $S_{\\rm IT}=1+ \\frac12 \\log\nW$, the extensive entropy is $S_{\\rm EXT}=H(p)$, and the maxent result is\n$S_{\\rm MEP}(p)=H(p/p_1)+H(1-p/p_1)$. Finally, for multinomial mixture\nprocesses, the information rate is given by the conditional entropy $\\langle\nH\\rangle_f$, with respect to the mixing kernel $f$, the extensive entropy is\ngiven by $H$, and the MEP functional corresponds one-to-one to the logarithm of\nthe mixing kernel.",
        "positive": "\"Go with the winners\"-Simulations: We describe a general strategy for sampling configurations from a given\n(Gibbs-Boltzmann or other) distribution. It is {\\it not} based on the\nMetropolis concept of establishing a Markov process whose stationary state is\nthe wanted distribution. Instead, it builds weighted instances according to a\nbiased distribution. If the bias is optimal, all weights are equal and\nimportance sampling is perfect. If not, \"population control\" is applied by\ncloning/killing configurations with too high/low weight. It uses the fact that\nnontrivial problems in statistical physics are high dimensional. Therefore,\ninstances are built up in many steps, and the final weight can be guessed at an\nearly stage. In contrast to evolutionary algorithms, the cloning/killing is\ndone such that the wanted distribution is strictly observed without\nsimultaneously keeping a large population in computer memory. We apply this\nmethod (which is also closely related to diffusion type quantum Monte Carlo) to\nseveral problems of polymer statistics, population dynamics, and percolation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Power-law distributions and fluctuation-dissipation relation in the\n  stochastic dynamics of two-variable Langevin equations: We show that the general two-variable Langevin equations with inhomogeneous\nnoise and friction can generate many different forms of power-law\ndistributions. By solving the corresponding stationary Fokker-Planck equation,\nwe can obtain a condition under which these power-law distributions are\naccurately created in a system away from equilibrium. This condition is an\nenergy-dependent relation between the diffusion coefficient and the friction\ncoefficient and thus it provides a fluctuation-dissipation relation for\nnonequilibrium systems with power-law distributions. Further, we study the\nspecific forms of the Fokker-Planck equation that correctly leads to such\npower-law distributions, and then present a possible generalization of\nKlein-Kramers equation and Smoluchowski equation to a complex system, whose\nstationary-state solutions are exactly a Tsallis distribution.",
        "positive": "Heterogeneous Nucleation of a Droplet Pinned at a Chemically\n  Inhomogeneous Substrate: A Simulation Study of the Two-dimensional Ising Case: Heterogeneous nucleation is studied by Monte Carlo simulations and\nphenomenological theory, using the two-dimensional lattice gas model with\nsuitable boundary fields. A chemical inhomogeneity of length b at one boundary\nfavors the liquid phase, while elsewhere the vapor is favored. Switching on the\nbulk field favoring the liquid, nucleation and growth of the liquid phase\nstarting from the region of the chemical inhomogeneity is analyzed. Three\nregimes occur: for small fields, the critical droplet radius is so large that a\ncritical droplet having the contact angle required by Young's equation in the\nregion of the chemical inhomogeneity does not yet fit there, since the baseline\nlength of the circle-cut sphere droplet would exceed b. For an intermedium\nregime of bulk fields, such droplets fit inside the inhomogeneity, and are\nindeed found in simulations with large enough observation times, but these\ndroplets remain pinned to the chemical inhomogeneity when their baseline has\ngrown to the length b. On general grounds one can predict that the effective\ncontact angle as well as the excess density of the droplets, scaled by b^2, are\nfunctions of the product b and the bulk field, but do not depend on both\nvariables separately. For larger fields the droplets nucleated at the chemical\ninhomogeneity grow to the full system size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "KPZ dynamics from a variational perspective: potential landscape, time\n  behavior, and other issues: The deterministic KPZ equation has been recently formulated as a gradient\nflow, in a nonequilibrium potential (NEP)\n\\[\\Phi[h(\\mathbf{x},t)]=\\int\\mathrm{d}\\mathbf{x}\\left[\\frac{\\nu}{2}(\\nabla\nh)^2-\\frac{\\lambda}{2}\\int_{h_0(\\mathbf{x},0)}^{h(\\mathbf{x},t)}\\mathrm{d}\\psi(\\nabla\\psi)^2\\right].\\]\nThis NEP---which provides at time $t$ the landscape where the stochastic\ndynamics of $h(\\mathbf{x},t)$ takes place---is however unbounded, and its exact\nevaluation involves all the detailed histories leading to $h(\\mathbf{x},t)$\nfrom some initial configuration $h_0(\\mathbf{x},0)$. After pinpointing some\nconsequences of these facts, we study the time behavior of the NEP's first few\nmoments and analyze its signatures when an external driving force $F$ is\nincluded. We finally show that the asymptotic form of the NEP's time derivative\n$\\dot\\Phi[h]$ turns out to be valid for any substrate dimensionality $d$, thus\nproviding a valuable tool for studies in $d>1$.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics and the duality of quantum mechanical time\n  evolution: Through the H theorem, Bolzmann attempted to validate the foundations of\nstatistical mechanics. However, it is incompatible with the fundamental laws of\nmechanics because its deduction requires the introduction of probability. In\nthis paper we attempt a justification of statistical mechanics without\ndeviating from the existing framework of quantum mechanics. We point out that\nthe principle of equal a priori probabilities is easily proven in the dual\nspace. The dual of the space of the quantum states is the space of the\nobservations. We then prove that time evolution of the operators of\nobservations obeys Boltzmann equation. This result implies that the difference\nof the states from equal probability becomes unobservable as time elapses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations in a fluid with a thermal gradient: We report measurements of the temperature fluctuations in a horizontal layer\nof a pure fluid confined between parallel plates and heated from below.\nConsistent with earlier work we found that the structure factor $S_T(q)$ (the\nsquare of the modulus of the Fourier transform of the temperature field) was\nconsistent with $S_T(q) \\sim q^{-4}$ for large horizontal wavenumbers $q$. As\n$q$ decreased, $S(q)$ increased less rapidly, passed through a maximum, and\nthen approached zero. The results agree qualitatively, but not quantitatively,\nwith the predictions of Ortiz de Z\\'arate and Sengers.",
        "positive": "Connecting density fluctuations and Kirkwood-Buff integrals for\n  finite-size systems: Kirkwood-Buff integrals (KBI) connect the microscopic structure and\nthermodynamic properties of liquid solutions. KBI are defined in the grand\ncanonical ensemble and evaluated assuming the thermodynamic limit (TL). In\norder to reconcile analytical and numerical approaches, finite-size KBI have\nbeen proposed in the literature, resulting in two strategies to obtain their TL\nvalues from computer simulations. (i) The spatial block-analysis method in\nwhich the simulation box is divided into subdomains of volume $V$ to compute\nfluctuations of the number of particles. (ii) A direct integration method where\na corrected radial distribution function and a kernel that accounts for the\ngeometry of the integration subvolumes are combined to obtain KBI as a function\nof $V$. In this work, we propose a method that connects both strategies into a\nsingle framework. We start from the definition of finite-size KBI, including\nthe integration subdomain and an asymptotic correction to the radial\ndistribution function, and solve them in Fourier space where periodic boundary\nconditions are trivially introduced. The limit $q\\to 0$, equivalent to the\nvalue of the KBI in the TL, is obtained via the spatial block-analysis method.\nWhen compared to the latter, our approach gives nearly identical results for\nall values of $V$. Moreover, all finite-size effect contributions (ensemble,\nfinite-integration domains and periodic boundary conditions) are easily\nidentifiable in the calculation. This feature allows us to analyse finite-size\neffects independently and extrapolate the results of a single simulation to\ndifferent box sizes. To validate our approach, we investigate prototypical\nsystems, including SPC/E water and aqueous urea mixtures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Application of the Wang-Landau method to faceting phase transition: A simple solid-on-solid model of adsorbate-induced faceting is studied by\nusing a modified Wang-Landau method. The phase diagram for this system is\nconstructed by computing the density of states in a special two-dimensional\nenergy space. A finite--size scaling analysis of transition temperature and\nspecific heat shows that faceting transition is the first order phase\ntransition. Logarithmic dependence of the mean-square width of the surface on\nsystem size indicates that surface is rough above the transition temperature.",
        "positive": "Fundamental aspects of steady state heat to work conversion: We review theoretical approaches to analyzing efficiency of steady state heat\nto work conversion which is crucial in the timely problem of optimizing\nefficiency of small-scale heat engines and refrigerators. A rather abstract\nperspective of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and dynamical system's\ntheory is taken to view at this very practical problem. Several recently\ndiscovered general mechanisms of optimizing the figure of merit of\nthermoelectric efficiency are discussed, also in connection to breaking\ntime-reversal symmetry of the microscopic equations of motion. Applications of\nthese theoretical and mathematical ideas to practically relevant models are\npointed out."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transition for quenched coupled replicas in a plaquette spin model\n  of glasses: We study a three-dimensional plaquette spin model whose low temperature\ndynamics is glassy, due to localised defects and effective kinetic constraints.\nWhile the thermodynamics of this system is smooth at all temperatures, we show\nthat coupling it to a second system with a fixed (quenched) configuration can\nlead to a phase transition, at finite coupling. The order parameter is the\noverlap between the copies, and the transition is between phases of low and\nhigh overlap. We find critical points whose properties are consistent with\nrandom-field Ising universality. We analyse the interfacial free energy cost\nbetween the high- and low-overlap states that coexist at (and below) the\ncritical point, and we use this cost as the basis for a finite-size scaling\nanalysis. We discuss these results in the context of mean-field and dynamical\nfacilitation theories of the glass transition.",
        "positive": "Stationary currents in particle systems with constrained hopping rates: We study the effect on the stationary currents of constraints affecting the\nhopping rates in stochastic particle systems. In the framework of Zero Range\nProcesses with drift within a finite volume, we discuss how the current is\nreduced by the presence of the constraint and deduce exact formulae, fully\nexplicit in some cases. The model discussed here has been introduced in Ref.\n[1] and is relevant for the description of pedestrian motion in elongated dark\ncorridors, where the constraint on the hopping rates can be related to\nlimitations on the interaction distance among pedestrians."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From Interacting Particles to Equilibrium Statistical Ensembles: We argue that a particle language provides a conceptually simple framework\nfor the description of anomalous equilibration in isolated quantum systems. We\naddress this paradigm in the context of integrable models, which are those with\nparticles that are stable against decay. In particular, we demonstrate that a\ncomplete description of equilibrium ensembles for interacting integrable models\nrequires a formulation built from the mode occupation numbers of the underlying\nparticle content, mirroring the case of non-interacting particles. This yields\nan intuitive physical interpretation of generalized Gibbs ensembles, and\nreconciles them with the microcanonical ensemble. We explain how previous\nattempts to identify an appropriate ensemble overlooked an essential piece of\ninformation, and provide explicit examples in the context of quantum quenches.",
        "positive": "Paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition in a double-exchange model: We study paramagnetic - ferromagnetic transition due to exchange interaction\nbetween classical localized magnetic moments and conduction electrons. We\nformulate the Dynamical Mean Field Approximation equations for arbitrary\nelectron dispersion law, concentration and relation between exchange coupling\nand the electron band width. Solving these equations we find explicit formula\nfor the transition temperature $T_c$. We present the results of calculations of\nthe $T_c$ for the semi-circular electron density of states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Charge transport in inhomogeneous quantum systems in weak\n  electro-magnetic fields: two-time Green's function approach: A first principle theory of charge transport in spatially inhomogeneous\nquantum systems composed of any finite number of particles and subject to weak\nelectro-magnetic fields is developed. Simple analytical expressions for the\nlinear contributions to the quantum susceptibilities and conductivity tensors,\nand the charge and current densities of such systems are derived in terms of\ntwo-time Green's functions. The obtained results can be applied to description\nof quantum charge transport in any finite system, including small semiconductor\nquantum dots, artificial molecules and atoms, etc.\n  PACS: 05.60.Cg, 05.30.-d, 03.65Yz, 73.63.-b, 03.65.Db",
        "positive": "The Kibble-Zurek Problem: Universality and the Scaling Limit: Near a critical point, the equilibrium relaxation time of a system diverges\nand any change of control/thermodynamic parameters leads to non-equilibrium\nbehavior. The Kibble-Zurek problem is to determine the dynamical evolution of\nthe system parametrically close to its critical point when the change is\nparametrically slow. The non-equilibrium behavior in this limit is controlled\nentirely by the critical point and the details of the trajectory of the system\nin parameter space (the protocol) close to the critical point. Together, they\ndefine a universality class consisting of critical exponents-discussed in the\nseminal work by Kibble and Zurek-and scaling functions for physical quantities,\nwhich have not been discussed hitherto. In this article, we give an extended\nand pedagogical discussion of the universal content in the Kibble-Zurek\nproblem. We formally define a scaling limit for physical quantities near\nclassical and quantum transitions for different sets of protocols. We report\ncomputations of a few scaling functions in model Gaussian and large-N problems\nand prove their universality with respect to protocol choice. We also introduce\na new protocol in which the critical point is approached asymptotically at late\ntimes with the system marginally out of equilibrium, wherein logarithmic\nviolations to scaling and anomalous dimensions occur even in the simple\nGaussian problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Putative Liquid-Liquid Transition is a Liquid-Solid Transition in\n  Atomistic Models of Water, Part II: This paper extends our earlier studies of free energy functions of density\nand crystalline order parameters for models of supercooled water, which allows\nus to examine the possibility of two distinct metastable liquid phases [J.\nChem. Phys. 135, 134503 (2011) and arXiv:1107.0337v2]. Low-temperature\nreversible free energy surfaces of several different atomistic models are\ncomputed: mW water, TIP4P/2005 water, SW silicon and ST2 water, the last of\nthese comparing three different treatments of long-ranged forces. In each case,\nwe show that there is one stable or metastable liquid phase, and there is an\nice-like crystal phase. The time scales for crystallization in these systems\nfar exceed those of structural relaxation in the supercooled metastable liquid.\nWe show how this wide separation in time scales produces an illusion of a\nlow-temperature liquid-liquid transition. The phenomenon suggesting\nmetastability of two distinct liquid phases is actually coarsening of the\nordered ice-like phase, which we elucidate using both analytical theory and\ncomputer simulation. For the latter, we describe robust methods for computing\nreversible free energy surfaces, and we consider effects of electrostatic\nboundary conditions. We show that sensible alterations of models and boundary\nconditions produce no qualitative changes in low-temperature phase behaviors of\nthese systems, only marginal changes in equations of state. On the other hand,\nwe show that altering sampling time scales can produce large and qualitative\nnonequilibrium effects. Recent reports of evidence of a liquid-liquid critical\npoint in computer simulations of supercooled water are considered in this\nlight.",
        "positive": "Subdiffusive random walk in a membrane system. The generalized method of\n  images approach: In this paper we study subdiffusion in a system with a thin membrane. At the\nbeginning, the random walk of a particle is considered in a system with a\ndiscrete time and space variable and then the probability describing the\nevolution of the particle's position (Green's function) is transformed into a\ncontinuous system. Two models are considered differing here from each other\nregarding the assumptions about how the particle is stopped or reflected by the\nmembrane when the particle attempts to pass through the membrane fails. We show\nthat for a system in which a membrane is partially permeable with respect to\nboth its sides the Green's functions obtained for both models within the {\\it\ncontinuous time random walk formalism} are equivalent to each other and\nexpressed by the functions presented in the paper: T. Koszto{\\l}owicz, Phys.\nRev. E \\textbf{91}, 022102 (2015), except the values defined at the membrane's\nsurfaces. We also show that for a system with a one--sidedly fully permeable\nmembrane, the Green's functions obtained within both models are not equivalent\nto each other.\n  We also present the generalized method of images which provides the Green's\nfunctions for the membrane system, obtained in this paper. This method, which\nhas a simple physical interpretation, is of a general nature and, in our\nopinion, can be used to find the Green's functions for a system with a thin\nmembrane in which various models of subdiffusion can be applied. As an example,\nwe find the Green's functions for the particular case of a `slow--subdiffusion'\nprocess in a system with a thin membrane."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strength Distribution in Derivative Networks: This article describes a complex network model whose weights are proportional\nto the difference between uniformly distributed ``fitness'' values assigned to\nthe nodes. It is shown both analytically and experimentally that the strength\ndensity (i.e. the weighted node degree) for this model, called derivative\ncomplex networks, follows a power law with exponent $\\gamma<1$ if the fitness\nhas an upper limit and $\\gamma>1$ if the fitness has no upper limit but a\npositive lower limit. Possible implications for neuronal networks topology and\ndynamics are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Spectral properties of zero temperature dynamics in a model of a\n  compacting granular column: The compacting of a column of grains has been studied using a one-dimensional\nIsing model with long range directed interactions in which down and up spins\nrepresent orientations of the grain having or not having an associated void.\nWhen the column is not shaken (zero 'temperature') the motion becomes highly\nconstrained and under most circumstances we find that the generator of the\nstochastic dynamics assumes an unusual form: many eigenvalues become\ndegenerate, but the associated multi-dimensional invariant spaces have but a\nsingle eigenvector. There is no spectral expansion and a Jordan form must be\nused. Many properties of the dynamics are established here analytically; some\nare not. General issues associated with the Jordan form are also taken up."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Non-Normalizable Densities in Strong Anomalous Diffusion:\n  Beyond the Central Limit Theorem\": A comment on the Letter by A. Rebenshtok, S. Denisov, P. H\\\"anggi, and E.\nBarkai, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 112, 110601 (2014). It is shown that the recent\nclaims that the particle distributions or densities can become non-normalizable\nin the case of anomalous Levy walk diffusion cannot be justified. In\nparticular, one can define a normalizable finite-time density which become\ninfinite covariant density (ICD) in the limit of infinite time. The former one\ncan be used to find any generalized moment, while the latter one does not. In\nthis respect, we point out that any decent real or numerical experiment is done\nin finite time. Hence, ICD does not correspond to any physical reality,\ncontrary to the claims made.",
        "positive": "Direct Numerical Solutions to Stochastic Differential Equations with\n  Multiplicative Noise: Inspired by path-integral solutions to the quantum relaxation problem, we\ndevelop a numerical method to solve classical stochastic differential equations\nwith multiplicative noise that avoids averaging over trajectories. To test the\nmethod, we simulate the dynamics of a classical oscillator multiplicatively\ncoupled to non-Markovian noise. When accelerated using tensor factorization\ntechniques, it accurately estimates the transition into the bifurcation regime\nof the oscillator and outperforms trajectory-averaging simulations with a\ncomputational cost that is orders of magnitude lower."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Layering in the Ising model: We consider the three-dimensional Ising model in a half-space with a boundary\nfield (no bulk field). We compute the low-temperature expansion of layering\ntransition lines.",
        "positive": "Arrhenius law for interacting diffusive systems: Finding the mean time it takes for a particle to escape from a meta-stable\nstate due to thermal fluctuations is a fundamental problem in physics,\nchemistry and biology. For weak thermal noise, the mean escape time is captured\nby the Arrhenius law (AL). Despite its ubiquity in nature and wide\napplicability in practical engineering, the problem is typically limited to\nsingle particle physics. Finding a generalized form of the AL for interacting\nparticles has eluded solution for a century. Here, we tackle this outstanding\nproblem and generalize the AL to a class of interacting diffusive systems\nwithin the framework of the macroscopic fluctuation theory. The generalized AL\nis shown to conform a non-trivial yet elegant form that depends crucially on\nthe particle density and inter-particle interactions. We demonstrate our\nresults for the paradigmatic exclusion and inclusion processes to underpin the\nkey effects of repulsive and attractive interactions. Intriguingly, we show how\nto manipulate the mean escape time using not only temperature, but also the\nparticle density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density functional theory in the canonical ensemble I General formalism: Density functional theory stems from the Hohenberg-Kohn-Sham-Mermin (HKSM)\ntheorem in the grand canonical ensemble (GCE). However, as recent work shows,\nalthough its extension to the canonical ensemble (CE) is not straightforward,\nwork in nanopore systems could certainly benefit from a mesoscopic DFT in the\nCE. The stumbling block is the fixed $N$ constraint which is responsible for\nthe failure in proving the interchangeability of density profiles and external\npotentials as independent variables. Here we prove that, if in the CE the\ncorrelation functions are stripped off of their asymptotic behaviour (which is\nnot in the form of a properly irreducible $n$-body function), the HKSM theorem\ncan be extended to the CE. In proving that, we generate a new {\\it hierarchy}\nof $N$-modified distribution and correlation functions which have the same\nformal structure that the more conventional ones have (but with the proper\nirreducible $n$-body behaviour) and show that, if they are employed, either a\nmodified external field or the density profiles can indistinctly be used as\nindependent variables. We also write down the $N$-modified free energy\nfunctional and prove that the thermodynamic potential is minimized by the\nequilibrium values of the new hierarchy.",
        "positive": "Light scattering spectra of supercooled molecular liquids: The light scattering spectra of molecular liquids are derived within a\ngeneralized hydrodynamics. The wave vector and scattering angle dependences are\ngiven in the most general case and the change of the spectral features from\nliquid to solidlike is discussed without phenomenological model assumptions for\n(general) dielectric systems without long-ranged order. Exact microscopic\nexpressions are derived for the frequency-dependent transport kernels,\ngeneralized thermodynamic derivatives and the background spectra."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modelling of self-driven particles: foraging ants and pedestrians: Models for the behavior of ants and pedestrians are studied in an unified way\nin this paper. Each ant follows pheromone put by preceding ants, hence creating\na trail on the ground, while pedestrians also try to follow others in a crowd\nfor efficient and safe walking. These following behaviors are incorporated in\nour stochastic models by using only local update rules for computational\nefficiency. It is demonstrated that the ant trail model shows an unusual\nnon-monotonic dependence of the average speed of the ants on their density,\nwhich can be well analyzed by the zero-range process. We also show that this\nanomalous behavior is clearly observed in an experiment of multiple robots.\nNext, the relation between the ant trail model and the floor field model for\nstudying evacuation dynamics of pedestrians is discussed. The latter is\nregarded as a two-dimensional generalization of the ant trail model, where the\npheromone is replaced by footprints.",
        "positive": "On extremals of the entropy production by \"Langevin-Kramers\" dynamics: We refer as \"Langevin-Kramers\" dynamics to a class of stochastic differential\nsystems exhibiting a degenerate \"metriplectic\" structure. This means that the\ndrift field can be decomposed into a symplectic and a gradient-like component\nwith respect to a pseudo-metric tensor associated to random fluctuations\naffecting increments of only a sub-set of the degrees of freedom. Systems in\nthis class are often encountered in applications as elementary models of\nHamiltonian dynamics in an heat bath eventually relaxing to a Boltzmann steady\nstate.\n  Entropy production control in Langevin-Kramers models differs from the now\nwell-understood case of Langevin-Smoluchowski dynamics for two reasons. First,\nthe definition of entropy production stemming from fluctuation theorems\nspecifies a cost functional which does not act coercively on all degrees of\nfreedom of control protocols. Second, the presence of a symplectic structure\nimposes a non-local constraint on the class of admissible controls. Using\nPontryagin control theory and restricting the attention to additive noise, we\nshow that smooth protocols attaining extremal values of the entropy production\nappear generically in continuous parametric families as a consequence of a\ntrade-off between smoothness of the admissible protocols and non-coercivity of\nthe cost functional. Uniqueness is, however, always recovered in the\nover-damped limit as extremal equations reduce at leading order to the\nMonge-Amp\\`ere-Kantorovich optimal mass transport equations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Target-searching on the percolation: We study target-searching processes on a percolation, on which a hunter\ntracks a target by smelling odors it emits. The odor intensity is supposed to\nbe inversely proportional to the distance it propagates. The Monte Carlo\nsimulation is performed on a 2-dimensional bond-percolation above the\nthreshold. Having no idea of the location of the target, the hunter determines\nits moves only by random attempts in each direction. For lager percolation\nconnectivity $p\\gtrsim 0.90$, it reveals a scaling law for the searching time\nversus the distance to the position of the target. The scaling exponent is\ndependent on the sensitivity of the hunter. For smaller $p$, the scaling law is\nbroken and the probability of finding out the target significantly reduces. The\nhunter seems trapped in the cluster of the percolation and can hardly reach the\ngoal.",
        "positive": "Fluctuating hydrodynamics for driven granular gases: We study a granular gas heated by a stochastic thermostat in the dilute\nlimit. Starting from the kinetic equations governing the evolution of the\ncorrelation functions, a Boltzmann-Langevin equation is constructed. The\nspectrum of the corresponding linearized Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck operator is\nanalyzed, and the equation for the fluctuating transverse velocity is derived\nin the hydrodynamic limit. The noise term (Langevin force) is thus known\nmicroscopically and contains two terms: one coming from the thermostat and the\nother from the fluctuating pressure tensor. At variance with the free cooling\nsituation, the noise is found to be white and its amplitude is evaluated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation-Induced Interactions Between Ellipsoidal Particle and Planar\n  Substrate Immersed in Critical Medium: In our study we investigate the behaviour of the net force (NF) emerging\nbetween an ellipsoidal particle and a thick plate (slab), when the interaction\ntakes place in a near critical fluid medium with account for the omnipresent\nvan der Waals forces (vdWF). Here we consider the case of complete wetting of\nthe objects surfaces by the medium, due to strong adsorbing local surface\npotentials, exerted by thin solid coating films. The influence of the bulk\ninner regions of the particle and the slab on the constituents of the fluid\nresults in long-ranged competing dispersion potentials. As a consequence from\nthe critical fluctuations of the medium, the system experiences an additional\neffective interaction, traditionally termed critical Casimir force (CCF). The\nforces of interest are evaluated numerically from integral expressions obtained\nutilizing general scaling arguments and mean-field type calculations in\ncombination with the so-called \"surface integration approach\" (SIA). Within the\nscenario considered here, this technique is applicable if one has knowledge of\nthe forces between two parallel semi-infinite plates, confining in between some\nfluctuating fluid medium characterized by its temperature $T$ and chemical\npotential $\\mu$. It is demonstrated that for a suitable set of particle-fluid,\nslab-fluid, and fluid-fluid coupling parameters the competition between the\neffects due to the coatings and the core regions of the objects result, when\none changes $T$ or $\\mu$, in {\\it sign change} of the NF acting between the\nellipsoid and the slab.",
        "positive": "Thermal Rectification in Graded Materials: In order to identify the basic conditions for thermal rectification we\ninvestigate a simple model with non-uniform, graded mass distribution. The\nexistence of thermal rectification is theoretically predicted and numerically\nconfirmed, suggesting that thermal rectification is a typical occurrence in\ngraded systems, which are likely to be natural candidates for the actual\nfabrication of thermal diodes. In view of practical implications, the\ndependence of rectification on the asymmetry and system's size is studied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Absence of exponential sensitivity to small perturbations in\n  nonintegrable systems of spins 1/2: We show that macroscopic nonintegrable lattices of spins 1/2, which are often\nconsidered to be chaotic, do not exhibit the basic property of classical\nchaotic systems, namely, exponential sensitivity to small perturbations. We\ncompare chaotic lattices of classical spins and nonintegrable lattices of spins\n1/2 in terms of their magnetization responses to imperfect reversal of spin\ndynamics known as Loschmidt echo. In the classical case, magnetization exhibits\nexponential sensitivity to small perturbations of Loschmidt echoes, which is\ncharacterized by twice the value of the largest Lyapunov exponent of the\nsystem. In the case of spins 1/2, magnetization is only power-law sensitive to\nsmall perturbations. Our findings imply that it is impossible to define\nLyapunov exponents for lattices of spins 1/2 even in the macroscopic limit. At\nthe same time, the above absence of exponential sensitivity to small\nperturbations is an encouraging news for the efforts to create quantum\nsimulators. The power-law sensitivity of spin 1/2 lattices to small\nperturbations is predicted to be measurable in nuclear magnetic resonance\nexperiments.",
        "positive": "Facilitated spin models of dissipative quantum glasses: We introduce a class of dissipative quantum spin models with local\ninteractions and without quenched disorder that show glassy behaviour. These\nmodels are the quantum analogs of the classical facilitated spin models. Just\nlike their classical counterparts, quantum facilitated models display complex\nglassy dynamics despite the fact that their stationary state is essentially\ntrivial. In these systems, dynamical arrest is a consequence of kinetic\nconstraints and not of static ordering. These models display a quantum version\nof dynamic heterogeneity: the dynamics towards relaxation is spatially\ncorrelated despite the absence of static correlations. Associated dynamical\nfluctuation phenomena such as decoupling of timescales is also observed.\nMoreover, we find that close to the classical limit quantum fluctuations can\nenhance glassiness, as recently reported for quantum liquids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Steady States for Certain Hamiltonian Models: We report the results of a numerical study of nonequilibrium steady states\nfor a class of Hamiltonian models. In these models of coupled matter-energy\ntransport, particles exchange energy through collisions with pinned-down\nrotating disks. In [Commun. Math. Phys. 262 (2006)], Eckmann and Young studied\n1D chains and showed that certain simple formulas give excellent approximations\nof energy and particle density profiles.\n  Keeping the basic mode of interaction in [Eckmann-Young], we extend their\nprediction scheme to a number of new settings: 2D systems on different\nlattices, driven by a variety of boundary (heat bath) conditions including the\nuse of thermostats. Particle-conserving models of the same type are shown to\nbehave similarly. The second half of this paper examines memory and finite-size\neffects, which appear to impact only minimally the profiles of the models\ntested in [Eckmann-Young]. We demonstrate that these effects can be significant\nor insignificant depending on the local geometry. Dynamical mechanisms are\nproposed, and in the case of directional bias in particle trajectories due to\nmemory, correction schemes are derived and shown to give accurate predictions.",
        "positive": "Non-orthogonal eigenvectors, fluctuation-dissipation relations and\n  entropy production: Celebrated fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) linking the response\nfunction to time dependent correlations of observables measured in the\nreference unperturbed state is one of the central results in equilibrium\nstatistical mechanics. In this letter we discuss an extension of the standard\nFDT to the case when multidimensional matrix representing transition\nprobabilities is strictly non-normal. This feature dramatically modifies the\ndynamics, by incorporating the effect of eigenvector non-orthogonality via the\nassociated overlap matrix of Chalker-Mehlig type. In particular, the rate of\nentropy production per unit time is strongly enhanced by that matrix. We\nsuggest, that this mechanism has an impact on the studies of collective\nphenomena in neural matrix models, leading, via transient behavior, to such\nphenomena as synchronisation and emergence of the memory. We also expect, that\nthe described mechanism generating the entropy production is generic for wide\nclass of phenomena, where dynamics is driven by non-normal operators. For the\ncase of driving by a large Ginibre matrix the entropy production rate is\nevaluated analytically, as well as for the Rajan-Abbott model for neural\nnetworks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlations and diagonal entropy after quantum quenches in XXZ chains: We study quantum quenches in the XXZ spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg chain from\nfamilies of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic initial states. Using Bethe\nansatz techniques, we compute short-range correlators in the complete\ngeneralized Gibbs ensemble (GGE), which takes into account all local and\nquasi-local conservation laws. We compare our results to exact diagonalization\nand numerical linked cluster expansion calculations for the diagonal ensemble\nfinding excellent agreement and thus providing a very accurate test for the\nvalidity of the complete GGE. Furthermore, we compute the diagonal entropy in\nthe post-quench steady state. By careful finite-size scaling analyses of the\nexact diagonalization results, we show that the diagonal entropy is equal to\none half the Yang-Yang entropy corresponding to the complete GGE. Finally, the\ncomplete GGE is quantitatively contrasted with the GGE built using only the\nlocal conserved charges (local GGE). The predictions of the two ensembles are\nfound to differ significantly in the case of ferromagnetic initial states. Such\ninitial states are better suited than others considered in the literature to\nexperimentally test the validity of the complete GGE and contrast it to the\nfailure of the local GGE.",
        "positive": "Jamming transition in a highly dense granular system under vertical\n  vibration: The dynamics of the jamming transition in a three-dimensional granular system\nunder vertical vibration is studied using diffusing-wave spectroscopy. When the\nmaximum acceleration of the external vibration is large, the granular system\nbehaves like a fluid, with the dynamic correlation function G(t) relaxing\nrapidly. As the acceleration of vibration approaches the gravitational\nacceleration g, the relaxation of G(t) slows down dramatically, and eventually\nstops. Thus the system undergoes a phase transition and behaves like a solid.\nNear the transition point, we find that the structural relaxation shows a\nstretched exponential behavior. This behavior is analogous to the behavior of\nsupercooled liquids close to the glass transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Six out of equilibrium lectures: Index: 1) Trajectories, distributions and path integrals. 2) Time-reversal\nand Equilibrium 3) Separation of timescales 4) Large Deviations 5)\nMetastability and dynamical phase transitions 6) Fluctuation Theorems and\nJarzynski equality",
        "positive": "Maximum entropy principle for stationary states underpinned by\n  stochastic thermodynamics: The selection of an equilibrium state by maximising the entropy of a system,\nsubject to certain constraints, is often powerfully motivated as an exercise in\nlogical inference, a procedure where conclusions are reached on the basis of\nincomplete information. But such a framework can be more compelling if it is\nunderpinned by dynamical arguments, and we show how this can be provided by\nstochastic thermodynamics, where an explicit link is made between the\nproduction of entropy and the stochastic dynamics of a system coupled to an\nenvironment. The separation of entropy production into three components allows\nus to select a stationary state by maximising the change, averaged over all\nrealisations of the motion, in the principal relaxational or nonadiabatic\ncomponent, equivalent to requiring that this contribution to the entropy\nproduction should become time independent for all realisations. We show that\nthis recovers the usual equilibrium probability density function (pdf) for a\nconservative system in an isothermal environment, as well as the stationary\nnonequilibrium pdf for a particle confined to a potential under nonisothermal\nconditions, and a particle subject to a constant nonconservative force under\nisothermal conditions. The two remaining components of entropy production\naccount for a recently discussed thermodynamic anomaly between over- and\nunderdamped treatments of the dynamics in the nonisothermal stationary state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ballistic aggregation: a solvable model of irreversible many particles\n  dynamics: The adhesive dynamics of a one-dimensional aggregating gas of point particles\nis rigorously described. The infinite hierarchy of kinetic equations for the\ndistributions of clusters of nearest neighbours is shown to be equivalent to a\nsystem of two coupled equations for a large class of initial conditions. The\nsolution to these nonlinear equations is found by a direct construction of the\nrelevant probability distributions in the limit of a continuous initial mass\ndistribution. We show that those limiting distributions are identical to those\nof the statistics of shocks in the Burgers turbulence. The analysis relies on a\nmapping on a Brownian motion problem with parabolic constraints.",
        "positive": "First Passage Under Restart: First passage under restart has recently emerged as a conceptual framework\nsuitable for the description of a wide range of phenomena, but the endless\nvariety of ways in which restart mechanisms and first passage processes mix and\nmatch hindered the identification of unifying principles and general truths.\nHope that these exist came from a recently discovered universality displayed by\nprocesses under optimal, constant rate, restart---but extensions and\ngeneralizations proved challenging as they marry arbitrarily complex processes\nand restart mechanisms. To address this challenge, we develop a generic\napproach to first passage under restart. Key features of diffusion under\nrestart---the ultimate poster boy for this wide and diverse class of\nproblems---are then shown to be completely universal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Application of a renormalization group algorithm to nonequilibrium\n  cellular automata with one absorbing state: We improve a recently proposed dynamically driven renormalization group\nalgorithm for cellular automata systems with one absorbing state, introducing\nspatial correlations in the expression for the transition probabilities. We\nimplement the renormalization group scheme considering three different\napproximations which take into account correlations in the stationary\nprobability distribution. The improved scheme is applied to a probabilistic\ncellular automaton already introduced in the literature.",
        "positive": "Interplay of periodic dynamics and noise: insights from a simple\n  adaptive system: We study the dynamics of a simple adaptive system in the presence of noise\nand periodic damping. The system is composed by two paths connecting a source\nand a sink, the dynamics is governed by equations that usually describe food\nsearch of the paradigmatic Physarum polycephalum. In this work we assume that\nthe two paths undergo damping whose relative strength is periodically modulated\nin time and analyse the dynamics in the presence of stochastic forces\nsimulating Gaussian noise. We identify different responses depending on the\nmodulation frequency and on the noise amplitude. At frequencies smaller than\nthe mean dissipation rate, the system tends to switch to the path which\nminimizes dissipation. Synchronous switching occurs at an optimal noise\namplitude which depends on the modulation frequency. This behaviour disappears\nat larger frequencies, where the dynamics can be described by the time-averaged\nequations. Here, we find metastable patterns that exhibit the features of\nnoise-induced resonances."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cusp singularities in the distribution of orientations of\n  asymmetrically-pivoted hard discs on a lattice: We study a system of equal-sized circular discs each with an asymmetrically\nplaced pivot at a fixed distance from the center. The pivots are fixed at the\nvertices of a regular triangular lattice. The discs can rotate freely about the\npivots, with the constraint that no discs can overlap with each other. Our\nMonte Carlo simulations show that the one-point probability distribution of\norientations shows multiple cusp-like singularities. We determine the exact\npositions and qualitative behavior of these singularities. In addition to these\ngeometrical singularities, we also find that the system shows order-disorder\ntransitions, with a disordered phase at large lattice spacings, a phase with\nspontaneously broken orientational lattice symmetry at small lattice spacings,\nand an intervening Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase in between.",
        "positive": "Domain Coarsening in 2-d Ising Model: Finite-Size Scaling for Conserved\n  Dynamics: We quantify the effect of system size in the kinetics of domain growth in\nIsing model with 50:50 composition in two spatial dimensions. Our estimate of\nthe exponent, $\\alpha=0.334\\pm0.004$, for the power law growth of linear domain\nsize, from Monte Carlo simulation using small systems of linear dimensions\nL=16, 32, 64, and 128, is in excellent agreement with the prediction of\nLifshitz-Slyozov (LS) theory, $\\alpha=1/3$. We find that the LS exponent sets\nin very early and continues to be true until average size of domains reaches\nthree quarters of equilibrium limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation function structure in square-gradient models of the\n  liquid-gas interface: Exact results and reliable approximations: In a recent article, we described how the microscopic structure of\ndensity-density correlations in the fluid interfacial region, for systems with\nshort-ranged forces, can be understood by considering the resonances of the\nlocal structure factor occurring at specific parallel wave-vectors $q$. Here,\nwe investigate this further by comparing approximations for the local structure\nfactor and correlation function against three new examples of analytically\nsolvable models within square-gradient theory. Our analysis further\ndemonstrates that these approximations describe the correlation function and\nstructure factor across the whole spectrum of wave-vectors, encapsulating the\ncross-over from the Goldstone mode divergence (at small $q$) to bulk-like\nbehaviour (at larger $q$). As shown, these approximations are exact for some\nsquare-gradient model potentials, and never more than a few percent inaccurate\nfor the others. Additionally, we show that they very accurately describe the\ncorrelation function structure for a model describing an interface near a\ntricritical point. In this case, there are no analytical solutions for the\ncorrelation functions, but the approximations are near indistinguishable from\nthe numerical solutions of the Ornstein-Zernike equation.",
        "positive": "The response of a bistable energy harvester to different excitations:\n  the harvesting efficiency and links with stochastic and vibrational\n  resonances: Energy harvesting of ambient vibrations using a combination of a mechanical\nstructure (oscillator) and an electrical transducer has become a valuable\ntechnique for powering small wireless sensors. Bistable mechanical oscillators\nhave recently attracted the attention of researchers as they can be used to\nharvest energy within a wider band of frequencies. In this manuscript, the\nresponse of a bistable harvester to different forms of ambient vibration is\nanalysed. In particular, harmonic noise, which has a narrow spectrum, similarly\nto harmonic signals, yet is stochastic, like broad-spectrum white noise, is\nconsidered. Links between bistable harvester responses and stochastic and\nvibrational resonance are explored."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How to Improve The Accuracy of Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics For\n  Computation of Thermal Conductivity?: Equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulations through Green-Kubo formula\n(GKF) have been widely used in the study of thermal conductivity of various\nmaterials. However, there exist controversial simulation results which have\nhuge discrepancies with experimental ones in literatures. In this paper, we\ndemonstrate that the fluctuation in calculated thermal conductivity is due to\nthe uncertainty in determination of the truncation time, which is related to\nthe ensemble and size dependent phonon relaxation time. We thus propose a new\nscheme in the direct integration of heat current autocorrelation function\n(HCACF) and a nonzero correction in the double-exponential-fitting of HCACF to\ndescribe correctly the contribution to thermal conductivity from low frequency\nphonons. By using crystalline Silicon (Si) and Germanium (Ge) as examples, we\ndemonstrate that our method can give rise to the values of thermal conductivity\nin an excellent agreement with experimental ones.",
        "positive": "Low-rank Monte Carlo for Smoluchowski-class equations: The work discusses a new low-rank Monte Carlo technique to solve\nSmoluchowski-like kinetic equations. It drastically decreases the computational\ncomplexity of modeling of size-polydisperse systems. For the studied systems it\ncan outperform the existing methods by more than ten times; its superiority\nfurther grows with increasing system size. Application to the recently\ndeveloped temperature-dependent Smoluchowski equations is also demonstrated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "BKT-like transition in the Potts model on an inhomogeneous annealed\n  network: We solve the ferromagnetic q-state Potts model on an inhomogeneous annealed\nnetwork which mimics a random recursive graph. We find that this system has the\ninverted Berezinskii--Kosterlitz--Thouless (BKT) phase transition for any $q\n\\geq 1$, including the values $q \\geq 3$, where the Potts model normally shows\na first order phase transition. We obtain the temperature dependences of the\norder parameter, specific heat, and susceptibility demonstrating features\ntypical for the BKT transition. We show that in the entire normal phase, both\nthe distribution of a linear response to an applied local field and the\ndistribution of spin-spin correlations have a critical, i.e. power-law, form.",
        "positive": "Suppression of Sub-surface Freezing in Free-Standing Thin Films of a\n  Coarse-grained Model of Water: Freezing in the vicinity of water-vapor interfaces is of considerable\ninterest to a wide range of disciplines, most notably the atmospheric sciences.\nIn this work, we use molecular dynamics and two advanced sampling techniques,\nforward flux sampling and umbrella sampling, to study homogeneous nucleation of\nice in free-standing thin films of supercooled water. We use a coarse-grained\nmonoatomic model of water, known as mW, and we find that in this model a\nvapor-liquid interface suppresses crystallization in its vicinity. This\nsuppression occurs in the vicinity of flat interfaces where no net Laplace\npressure in induced. Our free energy calculations reveal that the pre-critical\ncrystalline nuclei that emerge near the interface are thermodynamically less\nstable than those that emerge in the bulk. We investigate the origin of this\ninstability by computing the average asphericity of nuclei that form in\ndifferent regions of the film, and observe that average asphericity increases\ncloser to the interface, which is consistent with an increase in the free\nenergy due to increased surface-to-volume ratios."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization group analysis of the small-world network model: We study the small-world network model, which mimics the transition between\nregular-lattice and random-lattice behavior in social networks of increasing\nsize. We contend that the model displays a normal continuous phase transition\nwith a divergent correlation length as the degree of randomness tends to zero.\nWe propose a real-space renormalization group transformation for the model and\ndemonstrate that the transformation is exact in the limit of large system size.\nWe use this result to calculate the exact value of the single critical exponent\nfor the system, and to derive the scaling form for the average number of\n\"degrees of separation\" between two nodes on the network as a function of the\nthree independent variables. We confirm our results by extensive numerical\nsimulation.",
        "positive": "The free energy of the non-isotropic Ising lattice with Brascamp-Kunz\n  boundary conditions: The free energy of the finite and non-isotropic Ising lattice with\nBrascamp-Kunz boundary conditions is calculated exactly as a series in the\nabsence of an external magnetic field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Combination of Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Features in\n  Heisenberg Ferrimagnets: We investigate the thermodynamic properties of Heisenberg ferrimagnetic\nmixed-spin chains both numerically and analytically with particular emphasis on\nthe combination of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic features. Employing a\nnew density-matrix renormalization-group technique as well as a quantum Monte\nCarlo method, we reveal the overall thermal behavior: At very low temperatures,\nthe specific heat and the magnetic susceptibility times temperature behave like\n$T^{1/2}$ and $T^{-1}$, respectively, whereas at intermediate temperatures,\nthey exhibit a Schottky-like peak and a minimum, respectively. Developing the\nmodified spin-wave theory, we complement the numerical findings and give a\nprecise estimate of the low-temperature behavior.",
        "positive": "Influence of initial correlations on evolution of correlation function\n  of a subsystem interacting with a quantum field (heat bath) and polaron\n  mobility: A regular approach to accounting for initial correlations, which allows to go\nbeyond the unrealistic random phase (initial product state) approximation in\nderiving the evolution equations, is suggested. An exact homogeneous equation\nfor a two-time equilibrium correlation function for the dynamical variables of\na subsystem interacting with a boson field (heat bath) is obtained. No\nconventional approximation like RPA or Bogoliubov's principle of weakening of\ninitial correlations is used. The obtained equation takes into account the\ninitial correlations in the kernel governing its evolution. The solution to\nthis equation is found in the second order of the kernel expansion in the\nelectron-phonon interaction, which demonstrates that generally the initial\ncorrelations influence the correlation function's evolution in time. It is\nshown that this influence vanishes on a large timescale. The developed approach\nis applied to the Fr\\\"ohlich polaron and the low-temperature polaron mobility\n(which was under a long-time debate) is found with a correction due to initial\ncorrelations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pre-asymptotic dynamics of the infinite size Neumann (p=2 spherical)\n  model: In this contribution we further study the classical disordered p=2 spherical\nmodel with Hamiltonian dynamics, or in integrable systems terms, the Neumann\nmodel, in the infinite size limit. We summarise the asymptotic results that\nsome of us presented in a recent publication, and we deepen the analysis of the\npre-asymptotic dynamics. We also discuss the possible description of the\nasymptotic steady state with a Generalised Gibbs Ensemble.",
        "positive": "Origin of the mixed-order transition in multiplex networks: the\n  Ashkin-Teller model: Recently, diverse phase transition (PT) types have been obtained in multiplex\nnetworks, such as discontinuous, continuous, and mixed-order PTs. However, they\nemerge from individual systems, and there is no theoretical understanding of\nsuch PTs in a single framework. Here, we study a spin model called the\nAshkin-Teller (AT) model in a mono-layer scale-free network; this can be\nregarded as a model of two species of Ising spin placed on each layer of a\ndouble-layer network. The four-spin interaction in the AT model represents the\ninter-layer interaction in the multiplex network. Diverse PTs emerge depending\non the inter-layer coupling strength and network structure. Especially, we find\nthat mixed-order PTs occur at the critical end points. The origin of such\nbehavior is explained in the framework of Landau-Ginzburg theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Control of tumour growth distributions through kinetic methods: The mathematical modeling of tumor growth has a long history, and has been\nmathematically formulated in several different ways. Here we tackle the problem\nin the case of a continuous distribution using mathematical tools from\nstatistical physics. To this extent, we introduce a novel kinetic model of\ngrowth which highlights the role of microscopic transitions in determining a\nvariety of equilibrium distributions. At variance with other approaches, the\nmesoscopic description in terms of elementary interactions allows to design\nprecise microscopic feedback control therapies, able to influence the natural\ntumor growth and to mitigate the risk factors involved in big sized tumors. We\nfurther show that under a suitable scaling both the free and controlled growth\nmodels correspond to Fokker--Planck type equations for the growth distribution\nwith variable coefficients of diffusion and drift, whose steady solutions in\nthe free case are given by a class of generalized Gamma densities which can be\ncharacterized by fat tails. In this scaling the feedback control produces an\nexplicit modification of the drift operator, which is shown to strongly modify\nthe emerging distribution for the tumor size. In particular, the size\ndistributions in presence of therapies manifest slim tails in all growth\nmodels, which corresponds to a marked mitigation of the risk factors. Numerical\nresults confirming the theoretical analysis are also presented.",
        "positive": "Exact Solution for a 1-dimensional model for Reptation: We discuss the exact solution for the properties of the recently introduced\n``necklace'' model for reptation. The solution gives the drift velocity,\ndiffusion constant and renewal time for asymptotically long chains. Its\nproperties are also related to a special case of the Rubinstein-Duke model in\none dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Canonical ensemble in non-extensive statistical mechanics when q>1: The non-extensive statistical mechanics has been used to describe a variety\nof complex systems. The maximization of entropy, often used to introduce the\nnon-extensive statistical mechanics, is a formal procedure and does not easily\nleads to physical insight. In this article we investigate the canonical\nensemble in the non-extensive statistical mechanics by considering a small\nsystem interacting with a large reservoir via short-range forces and assuming\nequal probabilities for all available microstates. We concentrate on the\nsituation when the reservoir is characterized by generalized entropy with\nnon-extensivity parameter q>1. We also investigate the problem of divergence in\nthe non-extensive statistical mechanics occurring when q>1 and show that there\nis a limit on the growth of the number of microstates of the system that is\ngiven by the same expression for all values of q.",
        "positive": "Numerical Observation of Disorder-Induced Anomalous Kinetics in the A +\n  A -> 0 Reaction: We address via numerical simulation the two-dimensional bimolecular\nannihilation reaction $A + A \\to \\emptyset$ in the presence of quenched, random\nimpurities. Renormalization group calculations have suggested that this\nreaction displays anomalous kinetics at long times, $c_{A}(t) \\sim at^{\\delta\n-1}$, for certain types of topological or charged reactants and impurities.\nBoth the exponent and the prefactor depend on the strength of disorder. The\ndecay exponents determined from our simulations agree well with the values\npredicted by theory. The observed renormalization of the prefactor also agrees\nwell with the values predicted by theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground states of the frustrated Blume-Emery-Griffiths model in a field: Ground-state properties of the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model with\nantiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interactions on a triangular lattice are\ninvestigated in the presence of an external magnetic field. In particular, we\nexplore the model's parameter space and identify regions with different\ndegenerate ground states that may give rise to different magnetic phases also\nat finite temperatures. We demonstrate the presence of such phases by Monte\nCarlo simulations of magnetization processes for selected values of parameters.",
        "positive": "Stochastic thermodynamics in the strong coupling regime: An unambiguous\n  approach based on coarse-graining: We consider a classical and possibly driven composite system $X \\otimes Y$\nweakly coupled to a Markovian thermal reservoir $R$ so that an unambiguous\nstochastic thermodynamics ensues for $X \\otimes Y$. This setup can be\nequivalently seen as a system $X$ strongly coupled to a non-Markovian reservoir\n$Y \\otimes R$. We demonstrate that only in the limit where the dynamics of $Y$\nis much faster then $X$, our unambiguous expressions for thermodynamic\nquantities such as heat, entropy or internal energy, are equivalent to the\nstrong coupling expressions recently obtained in the literature using the\nHamiltonian of mean force. By doing so, we also significantly extend these\nresults by formulating them at the level of instantaneous rates and by allowing\nfor time-dependent couplings between $X$ and its environment. Away from the\nlimit where $Y$ evolves much faster than $X$, previous approaches fail to\nreproduce the correct results from the original unambiguous formulation, as we\nillustrate numerically for an underdamped Brownian particle coupled strongly to\na non-Markovian reservoir."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic speed limits from the regression of information: Irreversible processes accomplished in a fixed time involve nonlinearly\ncoupled flows of matter, energy, and information. Here, using entropy\nproduction as an example, we show how thermodynamic uncertainty relations and\nspeed limits on these nonlinear processes derive from linear regression. These\nuncertainty relations hold for both passive and actively-driven nonequilibrium\nprocesses and all have a mathematical form that mirrors uncertainty relations\nin quantum mechanics. Using optimal linear models, we show that\ninformation-theoretic variables naturally give physical predictions of the\nequation of motion on statistical manifolds in terms of physical observables.\nIn these models, optimal intercepts are related to nonequilibrium analogs of\nMassieu functions/thermodynamic potentials, and optimal slopes are related to\nspeed limits on collections of thermodynamic observables. Within this\nformalism, the second law of thermodynamics has a geometric interpretation as\nthe nonnegativity of the slope and constrains the equation of motion. Overall,\nour results suggest that unknown relationships between nonequilibrium variables\ncan be learned through statistical-mechanical inference.",
        "positive": "Electrical Autonomous Brownian Gyrator: We study experimentally and theoretically the steady-state dynamics of a\nsimple stochastic electronic system featuring two resistor-capacitor circuits\ncoupled by a third capacitor. The resistors are subject to thermal noises at\nreal temperatures. The voltage fluctuation across each resistor can be compared\nto a one-dimensional Brownian motion. However, the collective dynamical\nbehavior, when the resistors are subject to distinct thermal baths, is\nidentical to that of a Brownian gyrator, as first proposed by R. Filliger and\nP. Reimann in Physical Review Letters 99, 230602 (2007). The average gyrating\ndynamics is originated from the absence of detailed balance due to unequal\nthermal baths. We look into the details of this stochastic gyrating dynamics,\nits dependences on the temperature difference and coupling strength, and the\nmechanism of heat transfer through this simple electronic circuit. Our work\naffirms the general principle and the possibility of a Brownian ratchet working\nnear room temperature scale."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical transition in the TASEP with Langmuir kinetics: mean-field\n  theory: We develop a mean-field theory for the totally asymmetric simple exclusion\nprocess (TASEP) with open boundaries, in order to investigate the so-called\ndynamical transition. The latter phenomenon appears as a singularity in the\nrelaxation rate of the system toward its non-equilibrium steady state. In the\nhigh-density (low-density) phase, the relaxation rate becomes independent of\nthe injection (extraction) rate, at a certain critical value of the parameter\nitself, and this transition is not accompanied by any qualitative change in the\nsteady-state behavior. We characterize the relaxation rate by providing\nrigorous bounds, which become tight in the thermodynamic limit. These results\nare generalized to the TASEP with Langmuir kinetics, where particles can also\nbind to empty sites or unbind from occupied ones, in the symmetric case of\nequal binding/unbinding rates. The theory predicts a dynamical transition to\noccur in this case as well.",
        "positive": "Beyond RG: from parameter flow to metric flow: Complex systems with many degrees of freedom are typically intractable, but\nsome of their behaviors may admit simpler effective descriptions. The question\nof when such effective descriptions are possible remains open. The paradigmatic\napproach where such \"emergent simplicity\" can be understood in detail is the\nrenormalization group (RG). Here, we show that for general systems, without the\nself-similarity symmetry required by the RG construction, the RG flow of model\nparameters is replaced by a more general flow of the Fisher Information Metric\non the model manifold. We demonstrate that the systems traditionally studied\nwith RG comprise special cases where this metric flow can be induced by a\nparameter flow, keeping the global geometry of the model-manifold fixed. In\ngeneral, however, the geometry may deform, and metric flow cannot be reduced to\na parameter flow -- though this could be achieved at the cost of augmenting the\nmanifold by one new parameter, as we discuss. We hope that our framework can\nclarify how ideas from RG may apply in a broader class of complex systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "$N$-dependent Multiplicative-Noise Contributions in Finite $N$-unit\n  Langevin Models: Augmented Moment Approach: Finite $N$-unit Langevin models with additive and multiplicative noises have\nbeen studied with the use of the augmented moment method (AMM) previously\nproposed by the author [H. Hasegawa, Phys. Rev E {\\bf 67}, 041903 (2003)].\nOriginal $N$-dimensional stochastic equations are transformed to the\nthree-dimensional deterministic equations for means and fluctuations of local\nand global variables. Calculated results of our AMM are in good agreement with\nthose of direct simulations (DS). We have shown that although the effective\nstrength of the additive noise of the $N$-unit system is scaled as\n$\\beta(N)=\\beta(1)/\\sqrt{N}$, it is not the case for multiplicative noise\n[$\\alpha(N) \\neq \\alpha(1)/\\sqrt{N}$], where $\\alpha(N)$ and $\\beta(N)$ denote\nthe strength of multiplicative and additive noises, respectively, for the\nsize-$N$ system. It has been pointed out that the naive assumption of\n$\\alpha(N) = \\alpha(1)/\\sqrt{N}$ leads to result which violates the\ncentral-limit theorem and which does not agree with those of DS and AMM.",
        "positive": "Dynamics versus energetics in phase separation: Phase separation may be driven by the minimization of a suitable free energy\n${\\cal F}$. This is the case, e.g., for diblock copolimer melts, where ${\\cal\nF}$ is minimized by a steady periodic pattern whose wavelength $\\lambda_{GS}$\ndepends on the segregation strength $\\alpha^{-1}$ and it is know since long\ntime that in one spatial dimension $\\lambda_{GS} \\simeq \\alpha^{-1/3}$. Here we\nstudy in details the dynamics of the system in 1D for different initial\nconditions and by varying $\\alpha$ by five orders of magnitude. We find that,\ndepending on the initial state, the final configuration may have a wavelength\n$\\lambda_{D}$ with $\\lambda_{min}(\\alpha)<\\lambda_{D}<\\lambda_{max}(\\alpha)$,\nwhere $\\lambda_{min} \\approx \\ln (1/\\alpha)$ and $\\lambda_{max}\\approx\n\\alpha^{-1/2}$. In particular, if the initial state is homogeneous, the system\nexhibits a logarithmic coarsening process which arrests whenever\n$\\lambda_{D}\\approx\\lambda_{min}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic action principle and maximum entropy: A stochastic action principle for stochastic dynamics is revisited. We\npresent first numerical diffusion experiments showing that the diffusion path\nprobability depend exponentially on average Lagrangian action. This result is\nthen used to derive an uncertainty measure defined in a way mimicking the heat\nor entropy in the first law of thermodynamics. It is shown that the path\nuncertainty (or path entropy) can be measured by the Shannon information and\nthat the maximum entropy principle and the least action principle of classical\nmechanics can be unified into a concise form. It is argued that this action\nprinciple, hence the maximum entropy principle, is simply a consequence of the\nmechanical equilibrium condition extended to the case of stochastic dynamics.",
        "positive": "Depinning transition in failure of inhomogeneous brittle materials: The dynamics of a crack propagating in an elastic inhomogeneous material is\ninvestigated. The variations of the average crack velocity with the external\nloading are measured for a brittle rock and are shown to display two distinct\nregimes: Below a given threshold Gc, the crack velocity is well described by an\nexponential law v ~ exp^{-(C/(G-(Gamma))} characteristic of subcritical\npropagation, while for larger values of the driving force G > Gc, the velocity\nevolves as a power law v ~ (G - G_c)^theta with theta = 0.80 $\\pm$ 0.15. These\nresults can be explained extending the continuum theory of Fracture Mechanics\nto disordered systems. In this description, the motion of a crack is analogue\nto the one of an elastic line driven in a random medium and critical failure\noccurs when the loading is sufficiently large to depinne the crack front from\nthe heterogeneities of the material."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Convection cells induced by spontaneous symmetry breaking: Ubiquitous in nature, convection cells are a clear signature of systems\nout-of-equilibrium. Typically, they are driven by external forces, like gravity\n(in combination with temperature gradients) or shear. In this article, we show\nthe existence of such cells in possibly the simplest system, one that involves\nonly a temperature gradient. In particular, we consider an Ising lattice gas on\na square lattice, in contact with two thermal reservoirs, one at infinite\ntemperature and another at $T$. When this system settles into a non-equilibrium\nstationary state, many interesting phenomena exist. One of these is the\nemergence of convection cells, driven by spontaneous symmetry breaking when $T$\nis set below the critical temperature.",
        "positive": "Is transport in time-dependent random potentials universal ?: The growth of the average kinetic energy of classical particles is studied\nfor potentials that are random both in space and time. Such potentials are\nrelevant for recent experiments in optics and in atom optics. It is found that\nfor small velocities uniform acceleration takes place, and at a later stage\nfluctuations of the potential are encountered, resulting in a regime of\nanomalous diffusion. This regime was studied in the framework of the\nFokker-Planck approximation. The diffusion coefficient in velocity was\nexpressed in terms of the average power spectral density, which is the Fourier\ntransform of the potential correlation function. This enabled to establish a\nscaling form for the Fokker-Planck equation and to compute the large and small\nvelocity limits of the diffusion coefficient. A classification of the random\npotentials into universality classes, characterized by the form of the\ndiffusion coefficient in the limit of large and small velocity, was performed.\nIt was shown that one dimensional systems exhibit a large variety of novel\nuniversality classes, contrary to systems in higher dimensions, where only one\nuniversality class is possible. The relation to Chirikov resonances, that are\ncentral in the theory of Chaos, was demonstrated. The general theory was\napplied and numerically tested for specific physically relevant examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of Rod like Particles in Supercooled Liquids -- Probing Dynamic\n  Heterogeneity and Amorphous Order: Probing dynamic and static correlation in glass-forming supercooled liquids\nhas been a challenge for decades in spite of extensive research. Dynamic\ncorrelation which manifests itself as Dynamic Heterogeneity is ubiquitous in a\nvast variety of systems starting from molecular glass-forming liquids, dense\ncolloidal systems to collections of cells. On the other hand, the mere concept\nof static correlation in these dense disordered systems remain somewhat elusive\nand its existence is still actively debated. We propose a novel method to\nextract both dynamic and static correlations using rod-like particles as probe.\nThis method can be implemented in molecular glass-forming liquids in\nexperiments as well as in other soft matter systems including biologically\nrelevant systems. We also rationalize the observed log-normal like distribution\nof rotational decorrelation time of elongated probe molecules in reported\nexperimental studies along with a proposal of a novel methodology to extract\ndynamic and static correlation lengths in experiments.",
        "positive": "Modelling the effect of acoustic waves on nucleation: A phase transformation in a metastable phase can be affected when it is\nsubjected to a high intensity ultrasound wave. In this study we determined the\neffect of oscillation in pressure and temperature on a phase transformation\nusing the Gibbs droplet model in a generic format. The developed model is valid\nfor both equilibrium and non-equilibrium clusters formed through a stationary\nor non-stationary process. We validated the underlying model by comparing the\npredicted kinetics of water droplet formation from the gas phase against\nexperimental data in the absence of ultrasound. Our results demonstrated better\nagreement with experimental data in comparison with classical nucleation\ntheory. Then, we determined the thermodynamics and kinetics of nucleation and\nthe early stage of growth of clusters in an isothermal sonocrystallisation\nprocess. This new contribution shows that the effect of pressure on the\nkinetics of nucleation is cluster size-dependent in contrast to classical\nnucleation theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hidden Symmetries of Stochastic Models: In the matrix product states approach to $n$ species diffusion processes the\nstationary probability distribution is expressed as a matrix product state with\nrespect to a quadratic algebra determined by the dynamics of the process. The\nquadratic algebra defines a noncommutative space with a $SU_q(n)$ quantum group\naction as its symmetry. Boundary processes amount to the appearance of\nparameter dependent linear terms in the algebraic relations and lead to a\nreduction of the $SU_q(n)$ symmetry. We argue that the boundary operators of\nthe asymmetric simple exclusion process generate a tridiagonal algebra whose\nirriducible representations are expressed in terms of the Askey-Wilson\npolynomials. The Askey-Wilson algebra arises as a symmetry of the boundary\nproblem and allows to solve the model exactly.",
        "positive": "Magnetocaloric Properties of the Ising nanotube: The magneticaloric properties of the Ising nanotube constituted by arbitrary\ncore spin values $S_c$ and the shell spin values $S_s$ have been investigated\nby mean field approximation. During this investigation, several quantities have\nbeen calculated, such as isothermal magnetic entropy change, full width at half\nmaximum value and the refrigerant capacity. The variation of these quantities\nwith the values of the spins and exchange interaction between the core and\nshell is determined. Besides, recently experimentally observed double peak\nbehavior in the variation of the isothermal magnetic entropy change with the\ntemperature is obtained for the nanotube."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interacting hard rods on a lattice: Distribution of microstates and\n  density functionals: We derive exact density functionals for systems of hard rods with\nfirst-neighbor interactions of arbitrary shape but limited range on a\none-dimensional lattice. The size of all rods is the same integer unit of the\nlattice constant. The derivation, constructed from conditional probabilities in\na Markov chain approach, yields the exact joint probability distribution for\nthe positions of the rods as a functional of their density profile. For contact\ninteraction (\"sticky core model\") between rods we give a lattice fundamental\nmeasure form of the density functional and present explicit results for contact\ncorrelators, entropy, free energy, and chemical potential. Our treatment\nincludes inhomogeneous couplings and external potentials.",
        "positive": "Harmonic oscillator under Levy noise: Unexpected properties in the phase\n  space: A harmonic oscillator under influence of the noise is a basic model of\nvarious physical phenomena. Under Gaussian white noise the position and\nvelocity of the oscillator are independent random variables which are\ndistributed according to the bivariate Gaussian distribution with elliptic\nlevel lines. The distribution of phase is homogeneous. None of these properties\nhold in the general L\\'evy case. Thus, the level lines of the joint probability\ndensity are not elliptic. The coordinate and the velocity of the oscillator are\nstrongly dependent, and this dependence is quantified by introducing the\ncorresponding parameter (\"width deficit\"). The distribution of the phase is\ninhomogeneous and highly nontrivial."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement in random pure states: Spectral density and average von\n  Neumann entropy: Quantum entanglement plays a crucial role in quantum information, quantum\nteleportation and quantum computation. The information about the entanglement\ncontent between subsystems of the composite system is encoded in the Schmidt\neigenvalues. We derive here closed expressions for the spectral density of\nSchmidt eigenvalues for all three invariant classes of random matrix ensembles.\nWe also obtain exact results for average von Neumann entropy. We find that\nmaximum average entanglement is achieved if the system belongs to the\nsymplectic invariant class.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation Theorems: Fluctuation theorems, which have been developed over the past 15 years, have\nresulted in fundamental breakthroughs in our understanding of how\nirreversibility emerges from reversible dynamics, and have provided new\nstatistical mechanical relationships for free energy changes. They describe the\nstatistical fluctuations in time-averaged properties of many-particle systems\nsuch as fluids driven to nonequilibrium states, and provide some of the very\nfew analytical expressions that describe nonequilibrium states. Quantitative\npredictions on fluctuations in small systems that are monitored over short\nperiods can also be made, and therefore the fluctuation theorems allow\nthermodynamic concepts to be extended to apply to finite systems. For this\nreason, fluctuation theorems are anticipated to play an important role in the\ndesign of nanotechnological devices and in understanding biological processes.\nThese theorems, their physical significance and results for experimental and\nmodel systems are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation functions of one-dimensional strongly interacting\n  two-component gases: We address the problem of calculating the correlation functions of\none-dimensional two-component gases with strong repulsive contact interactions.\nThe model considered in this paper describes particles with fractional\nstatistics and in appropriate limits reduces to the Gaudin-Yang model or the\nspinor Bose gas. In the case of impenetrable particles we derive a Fredholm\ndeterminant representation for the temperature-, time-, and space-dependent\ncorrelation functions which is very easy to implement numerically and\nconstitute the starting point for the analytical investigation of the\nasymptotics. Making use of this determinant representation and the solution of\nan associated Riemann-Hilbert problem we derive the low-energy asymptotics of\nthe correlators in the spin-incoherent regime characterized by near\nground-state charge degrees of freedom but a highly thermally disordered spin\nsector. The asymptotics present features reminiscent of spin-charge separation\nwith the spin part exponentially decaying in space separation and oscillating\nwith a period proportional to the statistics parameter while the charge part\npresents scaling with anomalous exponents which cannot be described by any\nunitary conformal field theory. The momentum distribution and the Fourier\ntransform of the dynamical Green's function are asymmetrical for arbitrary\nstatistics, a direct consequence of the broken space-reversal symmetry. Due to\nthe exponential decay the momentum distribution $n(k)$ at zero temperature does\nnot present algebraic singularities but the tails obey the universal decay\n$\\lim_{k\\rightarrow\\pm\\infty}n(k)\\sim C/k^4$ with the amplitude $C$ given by\nTan's contact. As a function of the statistics parameter the contact is a\nmonotonic function reaching its minimum for the fermionic system and the\nmaximum for the bosonic system.",
        "positive": "A stochastic least action principle applied in the description of black\n  swan events: In this paper we present a formulation of the stochastic least action\nprinciple (SAP) to encompass random movements with black swan events (of non\ndissipative systems) in terms of heavy tailed distributions. The black swan\nevents are rare and drastic events, such as earthquakes and financial crisis.\nIt has been observed that the Tsallis entropy suits well in the description of\nthe black swan events rather than the Shannon-Boltzman-Gibbs entropy, which is\nintrinsically related to the fact that black swan events of physical systems\nare proportional to non-local correlations. As a consequence, we could assess\nthe validity of the path probability distribution obtained using the\nnon-additive Tsallis entropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling analysis of stationary probability distributions of random walks\n  on one-dimensional lattices with aperiodic disorder: Stationary probability distributions of one-dimensional random walks on\nlattices with aperiodic disorder are investigated. The pattern of the\ndistribution is closely related to the diffusional behavior, which depends on\nthe wandering exponent $\\Omega$ of the background aperiodic sequence: If\n$\\Omega<0$, the diffusion is normal and the distribution is extended. If\n$\\Omega>0$, the diffusion is ultraslow and the distribution is localized. If\n$\\Omega=0$, the diffusion is anomalous and the distribution is singular, which\nshows its complex and hierarchical structure. Multifractal analysis are\nperformed in order to characterize these distributions. Extended, localized,\nand singular distributions are clearly distinguished only by the finite-size\nscaling behavior of $\\alpha_{\\rm min}$ and $f(\\alpha_{\\rm min})$. The\nmultifractal spectrum of the singular distribution agrees well with that of a\nsimple partitioning process.",
        "positive": "Three-body scattering from nonperturbative flow equations: We consider fermion-dimer scattering in the presence of a large positive\nscattering length in the frame of functional renormalization group equations. A\nflow equation for the momentum dependent fermion-dimer scattering amplitude is\nderived from first principles in a systematic vertex expansion of the exact\nflow equation for the effective action. The resummation obtained from the\nnonperturbative flow is shown to be equivalent to the one performed by the\nintegral equation by Skorniakov and Ter-Martirosian (STM). The flow equation\napproach allows to integrate out fermions and bosons simultaneously, in line\nwith the fact that the bosons are not fundamental but build up gradually as\nfluctuation induced bound states of fermions. In particular, the STM result for\natom-dimer scattering is obtained by choosing the relative cutoff scales of\nfermions and bosons such that the fermion fluctuations are integrated out\nalready at the initial stage of the RG evolution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlations equalities and some upper bounds for the critical\n  temperature for spin one systems: Starting from correlation identities for the Blume-Capel spin 1 systems and\nusing correlation inequalities, we obtain rigorous upper bounds for the\ncritical temperature.The obtained results improve over effective field type\nresults.",
        "positive": "Dynamical potentials for non-equilibrium quantum many-body phases: Out of equilibrium phases of matter exhibiting order in individual\neigenstates, such as many-body localised spin glasses and discrete time\ncrystals, can be characterised by inherently dynamical quantities such as\nspatiotemporal correlation functions. In this work, we introduce dynamical\npotentials which act as generating functions for such correlations and capture\neigenstate phases and order. These potentials show formal similarities to their\nequilibrium counterparts, namely thermodynamic potentials. We provide three\nrepresentative examples: a disordered, many-body localised XXZ chain showing\nmany-body localisation, a disordered Ising chain exhibiting spin-glass order\nand its periodically-driven cousin exhibiting time-crystalline order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Specific Features of Phase States of a Diluted 2D Magnet with\n  Frustration: The properties of a dilute Ising magnet are studied using a two-dimensional\nspin-pseudospin model with charged impurities and a frustration caused by the\ncompetition of the charge and magnetic orderings. Based on the classical Monte\nCarlo method, the ground state phase diagram has been obtained and also unusual\nphase states appeared at finite temperatures have been studied. The regions in\nwhich order-order phase transitions and also reentrant phase transition are\nobserved have been found.",
        "positive": "Time-averaged MSD for switching diffusion: We consider a classic two-state switching diffusion model from a\nsingle-particle tracking perspective. The mean and the variance of the\ntime-averaged mean square displacement (TAMSD) are computed exactly. When the\nmeasurement time (i.e., the trajectory duration) is comparable to or smaller\nthan the mean residence times in each state, the ergodicity breaking parameter\nis shown to take arbitrarily large values, suggesting an apparent weak\nergodicity breaking for this ergodic model. In this regime, individual random\ntrajectories are not representative while the related TAMSD curves exhibit a\nbroad spread, in agreement with experimental observations in living cells and\ncomplex fluids. Switching diffusions can thus present, in some cases, an\nergodic alternative to commonly used and inherently non-ergodic continuous-time\nrandom walks that capture similar features."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Role of the Communal Entropy and Free Volume for the Viscosity\n  Divergence near the Glass Transition: A New Conceptual Approach: The conventional approach to study glasses either requires considering the\nrapid drop in the excess entropy {\\Delta}S_ex or the free volume V_f. As the\ntwo quantities are not directly related to each other, the viscosity in the two\napproaches do not diverge at the same temperature, which casts doubt on the\nphysical significance of the divergence and of the ideal glass transition (IG).\nBy invoking a recently developed nonequilibrium thermodynamics, we identify the\ninstantaneous temperature, pressure, entropy, etc. and discover the way they\nrelax. We show that by replacing {\\Delta}S_ex by a properly defined communal\nentropy S^comm (not to be confused with the configurational entropy) and V_f\nvanish simultaneously at IG, where the glass is jammed with no free volume and\ncommunal entropy. By exploiting the fact that there are no thermodynamic\nsingularities in the entropy of the supercooled liquid at IG, we show that\nvarious currently existing phenomenologies become unified.",
        "positive": "A truth about Brownian motion in gases and in general: Real thermal motion of gas molecules, free electrons, etc., at long time\nintervals (much greater than mean free-flight time) possesses, contrary to its\npopular mathematical models, essentially non-Gaussian statistics. A simple\nproof of this statement is suggested basing on only the determinism and\nreversibility of microscopic dynamics and besides incidentally derived virial\nexpansion of a path probability distribution of molecular Brownian particle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Methods for detecting Order-by-Disorder transitions: the example of the\n  Domino model: Detecting the zero-temperature thermal Order-by-Disorder transition in\nclassical magnetic systems is notably difficult. We propose a method to probe\nthis transition in an indirect way. The idea is to apply adequate magnetic\nfields to transform the zero temperature transition into a finite temperature\nsharp crossover, which should be much easier to observe and characterise with\nusual laboratory methods.",
        "positive": "Entanglement Content of Quasi-Particle Excitations: We investigate the quantum entanglement content of quasi-particle excitations\nin extended many-body systems. We show that such excitations give an additive\ncontribution to the bi-partite von Neumann and R\\'enyi entanglement entropies\nthat takes a simple, universal form. It is largely independent of the momenta\nand masses of the excitations, and of the geometry, dimension and connectedness\nof the entanglement region. The result has a natural quantum information\ntheoretic interpretation as the entanglement of a state where each\nquasi-particle is associated with two qubits representing their presence within\nand without the entanglement region, taking into account quantum\n(in)distinguishability. This applies to any excited state composed of finite\nnumbers of quasi-particles with finite De Broglie wavelengths or finite\nintrinsic correlation length. We derive this result analytically in\none-dimensional massive bosonic and fermionic free field theories and for\nsimple setups in higher dimensions. We provide numerical evidence for the\nharmonic chain and the two-dimensional harmonic lattice in all regimes where\nexcitations have quasi-particle properties. Finally, we provide supporting\ncalculations for integrable spin chain models and other situations without\nparticle production. Our results point to new possibilities for creating\nentangled states using many-body quantum systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Do Nonequilibrium Processes Have Features in Common?: The nature takes the easiest and most accessible paths and, hence, processes\nare accomplished very quickly in a minimum time. In 1662 P. Fermat used this\nprinciple to work out the refraction law. This was one of the first known\nattempts at successful deductive description of a physical phenomenon involving\nthe variational principle. Presently researchers concerned with nonequilibrium\nprocesses have turned back to Fermat's idea in the form of the maximum entropy\nproduction principle (MEPP). MEPP has proved to be good for understanding and\ndescription of diverse nonequilibrium processes in physics, chemistry and\nbiology. This brings up two questions: 1) Can this principle claim to be the\nbasis of all nonequilibrium physics? 2) Is it possible to prove MEPP?",
        "positive": "The problem of uniqueness in the reduced description of adsorption on\n  the wedge-shaped substrate: In the reduced one-dimensional description of the adsorption on the\nwedge-shaped substrate the mid-point interface height serves as the order\nparameter. We point at the ambiguity which appears in the transfer-matrix\napproach to this problem. We also propose how to avoid this problem by\nintroducing the appropriate order parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Colored noise influence on the system evolution: We present a picture of phase transitions of the system with colored\nmultiplicative noise. Considering the noise amplitude as the power-law\ndependence of the stochastic variable $x^a$ we show the way to phase\ntransitions disorder-order and order-disorder. The governed equations for the\norder parameter and one-time correlator are obtained and investigated in\ndetails. The long-time asymptotes in the disordered and ordered domains on the\nphase portrait of the system are defined.",
        "positive": "Statistical Mesoscopic Hydro-Thermodynamics: The Description of Kinetics\n  and Hydrodynamics of Nonequilibrium Processes in Single Liquids: Hydrodynamics, a term apparently introduced by Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1783)\nto comprise hydrostatic and hydraulics, has a long history with several\ntheoretical approaches. Here, after a descriptive introduction, we present\nso-called mesoscopic hydro-thermodynamics, which is also referred to as\nhigher-order generalized hydrodynamics, built within the framework of a\nmechanical-statistical formalism. It consists of a description of the material\nand heat motion of fluids in terms of the corresponding densities and their\nassociated fluxes of all orders. In this way, movements are characterized in\nterms of intermediate to short wavelengths and intermediate to high\nfrequencies. The fluxes have associated Maxwell-like times, which play an\nimportant role in determining the appropriate contraction of the description\n(of the enormous set of fluxes of all orders) necessary to address the\ncharacterization of the motion in each experimental setup. This study is an\nextension of a preliminary article: Physical Review E \\textbf{91}, 063011\n(2015)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self Organization of Interacting Polya Urns: We introduce a simple model which shows non-trivial self organized critical\nproperties. The model describes a system of interacting units, modelled by\nPolya urns, subject to perturbations and which occasionally break down. Three\nequivalent formulations - stochastic, quenched and deterministic - are shown to\nreproduce the same dynamics. Among the novel features of the model are a\nnon-homogeneous stationary state, the presence of a non-stationary critical\nphase and non-trivial exponents even in mean field. We discuss simple\ninterpretations in term of biological evolution and earthquake dynamics and we\nreport on extensive numerical simulations in dimensions $d=1,2$ as well as in\nthe random neighbors limit.",
        "positive": "Diffusive scaling in energy ginzburg-Landau dynamics: Ginzburg-Landau energy models arise as autonomous sto-chastic dynamics for\nthe energies in coupled systems after a weak coupling limit (cf. [3, 6]). We\nprove here that, under certain conditions, the energy fluctuations of these\nstochastic dynamics are driven by the heat equation, under a diffusive space\ntime scaling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Framework for Compact q-Gaussian Distributions: Recent works have associated systems of particles, characterized by\nshort-range repulsive interactions and evolving under overdamped motion, to a\nnonlinear Fokker-Planck equation within the class of nonextensive statistical\nmechanics, with a nonlinear diffusion contribution whose exponent is given by\n$\\nu=2-q$. The particular case $\\nu=2$ applies to interacting vortices in\ntype-II superconductors, whereas $\\nu>2$ covers systems of particles\ncharacterized by short-range power-law interactions, where correlations among\nparticles are taken into account. In the former case, several studies presented\na consistent thermodynamic framework based on the definition of an effective\ntemperature $\\theta$ (presenting experimental values much higher than typical\nroom temperatures $T$, so that thermal noise could be neglected), conjugated to\na generalized entropy $s_{\\nu}$ (with $\\nu=2$). Herein, the whole thermodynamic\nscheme is revisited and extended to systems of particles interacting\nrepulsively, through short-ranged potentials, described by an entropy\n$s_{\\nu}$, with $\\nu>1$, covering the $\\nu=2$ (vortices in type-II\nsuperconductors) and $\\nu>2$ (short-range power-law interactions) physical\nexamples. The main results achieved are: (a) The definition of an effective\ntemperature $\\theta$ conjugated to the entropy $s_{\\nu}$; (b) The construction\nof a Carnot cycle, whose efficiency is shown to be\n$\\eta=1-(\\theta_2/\\theta_1)$, where $\\theta_1$ and $\\theta_2$ are the effective\ntemperatures associated with two isothermal transformations, with\n$\\theta_1>\\theta_2$; (c) Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations, and\nresponse functions. The present thermodynamic framework, for a system of\ninteracting particles under the above-mentioned conditions, and associated to\nan entropy $s_{\\nu}$, with $\\nu>1$, certainly enlarges the possibility of\nexperimental verifications.",
        "positive": "Translocation and encapsulation of siRNA inside carbon nanotubes: We report spontaneous translocation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) inside\ncarbon nanotubes (CNTs) of various diameters and chirality using all atom\nmolecular dynamics (MD) simulations with explicit solvent. We use Umbrella\nsampling method to calculate the free energy landscape of the siRNA entry and\ntranslocation event. Free energy profiles shows that siRNA gains free energy\nwhile translocating inside CNT and barrier for siRNA exit from CNT ranges from\n40 to 110 kcal/mol depending on CNT chirality and salt concentration. The\ntranslocation time \\tau decreases with the increase of CNT diameter with a\ncritical diameter of 24 \\AA for the translocation. In contrast, double strand\nDNA (dsDNA) of the same sequence does not translocate inside CNT due to large\nfree energy barrier for the translocation. This study helps in understanding\nthe nucleic acid transport through nanopores at microscopic level and may help\ndesigning carbon nanotube based sensor for siRNA."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to Comment on \"Drip Paintings and Fractal Analysis\" by Micolich et\n  al (arXiv:0712.165v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech]): We reply to the comment of Micolich et al and demonstrate that their\ncriticisms are unfounded. In particular we provide a detailed discussion of our\nbox-counting algorithm and of the interpretation of multi-layered paintings. We\npoint out that in their entire body of work, Taylor et al have not provided the\nscientific community with sufficient empirical support of their claims, nor\nhave they adequately addressed any of the problems we have identified with the\napplication of fractal analysis to drip paintings.",
        "positive": "Non-Markovian temporal networks with auto- and cross-correlated link\n  dynamics: Many of the biological, social and man-made networks around us are inherently\ndynamic, with their links switching on and off over time. The evolution of\nthese networks is often non-Markovian, and the dynamics of their links\ncorrelated. Hence, to accurately model these networks, predict their evolution,\nand understand how information and other quantities propagate over them, the\ninclusion of both memory and dynamical dependencies between links is key. We\nhere introduce a general class of models of temporal networks based on discrete\nautoregressive processes. As a case study we concentrate on a specific model\nwithin this class, generating temporal networks with a specified underlying\nbackbone, and with precise control over the dynamical dependencies between\nlinks and the strength and length of their memories. In this network model the\npresence of each link is influenced by its own past activity and the past\nactivities of other links, as specified by a coupling matrix, which directly\ncontrols the causal relations and correlations among links. We propose a method\nfor estimating the models parameters and how to deal with heterogeneity and\ntime-varying patterns, showing how the model allows for a more realistic\ndescription of real world temporal networks and also to predict their\nevolution. We then investigate the role that memory and correlations in link\ndynamics have on processes occurring over a temporal network by studying the\nspeed of a spreading process, as measured by the time it takes for diffusion to\nreach equilibrium. Through both numerical simulations and analytical results,\nwe are able to separate the roles of autocorrelations and neighbourhood\ncorrelations in link dynamics, showing that the speed of diffusion is\nnon-monotonically dependent on the memory length, and that correlations among\nneighbouring links can speed up the spreading process, while autocorrelations\nslow it down."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Kinetic Theory of Dilute Solutions of Flexible Polymers:\n  Hydrodynamic Interaction: The development of a coherent conceptual basis for the treatment of\nnon-linear microscopic phenomena, such as, hydrodynamic interaction, finite\nextensibility, excluded volume and internal viscosity, in molecular theories of\ndilute polymer solutions, is discussed. In particular, recent advances in the\ntreatment of hydrodynamic interaction are reviewed, and the successive\nrefinements which have ultimately led to the prediction of universal\nviscometric functions in theta solvents are highlighted.",
        "positive": "High-frequency thermal processes in harmonic crystals: We consider two high-frequency thermal processes in uniformly heated harmonic\ncrystals relaxing towards equilibrium: (i) equilibration of kinetic and\npotential energies and (ii) redistribution of energy among spatial directions.\nEquation describing these processes with deterministic initial conditions is\nderived. Solution of the equation shows that characteristic time of these\nprocesses is of the order of ten periods of atomic vibrations. After that time\nthe system practically reaches the stationary state. It is shown analytically\nthat in harmonic crystals temperature tensor is not isotropic even in the\nstationary state. As an example, harmonic triangular lattice is considered.\nSimple formula relating the stationary value of the temperature tensor and\ninitial conditions is derived. The function describing equilibration of kinetic\nand potential energies is obtained. It is shown that the difference between the\nenergies (Lagrangian) oscillates around zero. Amplitude of these oscillations\ndecays inversely proportional to time. Analytical results are in a good\nagreement with numerical simulations.\n  Keywords: tensor temperature; nonequilibrium processes; transition to\nequilibrium; harmonic crystals; triangular lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The available force in long-range interaction complex systems and its\n  statistical physical properties: A new concept of the available force in long-range interaction complex\nsystems is proposed. The relationship between the available force in different\ntime intervals and the interaction parameters of complex systems is described.\nIt is found that when the interaction parameters satisfy a determined\ncondition, the trajectory that the velocity is divergent but the displacement\nis convergent can be well described and that the long-range interaction,\nanomalous diffusion, and q-Gaussian type distribution of complex systems can\nalso be well described by the interaction parameters in different cases. In\naddition, by utilizing the velocity of time series randomly and analyzing its\nprobability distribution of displacement, it is explained that when there\nexists the long-range interaction in complex systems, the fat-tail\ndistributions will exhibit. The results obtained show that the relationship\nbetween the available force and the interaction parameters may be used to\ninvestigate the statistical physical properties in long-range interaction\ncomplex systems.",
        "positive": "A generalization of Clausius inequality for processes between\n  nonequilibrium steady states in chemical reaction systems: We investigate nonequilibrium chemical reaction systems from the view point\nof steady state thermodynamics proposed by Oono and Paniconi [Prog. Theor.\nPhys. Suppl. 130, 29 (1998)]. The concentrations of some compounds are operated\nby an external system, so that a transition from a steady state to other steady\nstate takes place. We show that an analogue of Clausius inequality holds\nmacroscopically for the operation processes. This implies that the second law\nof thermodynamics can be generalized, including nonequilibrium steady states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nontrivial critical crossover between directed percolation models:\n  Effect of infinitely many absorbing states: At non-equilibrium phase transitions into absorbing (trapped) states, it is\nwell known that the directed percolation (DP) critical scaling is shared by two\nclasses of models with a single (S) absorbing state and with infinitely many\n(IM) absorbing states. We study the crossover behavior in one dimension,\narising from a considerable reduction of the number of absorbing states\n(typically from the IM-type to the S-type DP models), by following two\ndifferent (excitatory or inhibitory) routes which make the auxiliary field\ndensity abruptly jump at the crossover. Along the excitatory route, the system\nbecomes overly activated even for an infinitesimal perturbation and its\ncrossover becomes discontinuous. Along the inhibitory route, we find continuous\ncrossover with the universal crossover exponent $\\phi\\simeq 1.78(6)$, which is\nargued to be equal to $\\nu_\\|$, the relaxation time exponent of the DP\nuniversality class on a general footing. This conjecture is also confirmed in\nthe case of the directed Ising (parity-conserving) class. Finally, we discuss\nthe effect of diffusion to the IM-type models and suggest an argument why\ndiffusive models with some hybrid-type reactions should belong to the DP class.",
        "positive": "Eigenfunction statistics of Laguerre Brownian ensemble: We theoretically analyze the eigenfunction fluctuation measures for a\nHermitian ensemble which appears as an intermediate state of the perturbation\nof a stationary ensemble by another stationary ensemble of Laguerre type.\nSimilar to the perturbation by a Gaussian stationary ensemble, the measures\nundergo a diffusive dynamics in terms of the pertubation parameter along with a\ndrift due to level-repulsion. The energy-dependences of the fluctuations for\nthe Laguerre case is in general different from the Gaussian case but locally\nthey can be expressed in a same mathematical form."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density-temperature scaling of the fragility in a model glass-former: Dynamical quantities such as the diffusion coefficient and relaxation times\nfor some glass-formers may depend on density and temperature through a specific\ncombination, rather than independently, allowing the representation of data\nover ranges of density and temperature as a function of a single scaling\nvariable. Such a scaling, referred to as density - temperature (DT) scaling, is\nexact for liquids with inverse power law (IPL) interactions but has also been\nfound to be approximately valid in many non-IPL liquids. We have analyzed the\nconsequences of DT scaling on the density dependence of the fragility in a\nmodel glass-former. We find the density dependence of kinetic fragility to be\nweak, and show that it can be understood in terms of DT scaling and deviations\nof DT scaling at low densities. We also show that the Adam-Gibbs relation\nexhibits DT scaling and the scaling exponent computed from the density\ndependence of the activation free energy in the Adam-Gibbs relation, is\nconsistent with the exponent values obtained by other means.",
        "positive": "Critical manifold of the kagome-lattice Potts model: Any two-dimensional infinite regular lattice G can be produced by tiling the\nplane with a finite subgraph B of G; we call B a basis of G. We introduce a\ntwo-parameter graph polynomial P_B(q,v) that depends on B and its embedding in\nG. The algebraic curve P_B(q,v) = 0 is shown to provide an approximation to the\ncritical manifold of the q-state Potts model, with coupling v = exp(K)-1,\ndefined on G. This curve predicts the phase diagram both in the ferromagnetic\n(v>0) and antiferromagnetic (v<0) regions. For larger bases B the\napproximations become increasingly accurate, and we conjecture that P_B(q,v) =\n0 provides the exact critical manifold in the limit of infinite B. Furthermore,\nfor some lattices G, or for the Ising model (q=2) on any G, P_B(q,v) factorises\nfor any choice of B: the zero set of the recurrent factor then provides the\nexact critical manifold. In this sense, the computation of P_B(q,v) can be used\nto detect exact solvability of the Potts model on G.\n  We illustrate the method for the square lattice, where the Potts model has\nbeen exactly solved, and the kagome lattice, where it has not. For the square\nlattice we correctly reproduce the known phase diagram, including the\nantiferromagnetic transition and the singularities in the Berker-Kadanoff\nphase. For the kagome lattice, taking the smallest basis with six edges we\nrecover a well-known (but now refuted) conjecture of F.Y. Wu. Larger bases\nprovide successive improvements on this formula, giving a natural extension of\nWu's approach. The polynomial predictions are in excellent agreement with\nnumerical computations. For v>0 the accuracy of the predicted critical coupling\nv_c is of the order 10^{-4} or 10^{-5} for the 6-edge basis, and improves to\n10^{-6} or 10^{-7} for the largest basis studied (with 36 edges)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement can preserve the compact nature of the phase-space\n  occupancy: We study the one-dimensional transverse-field spin-1/2 Ising ferromagnet at\nits critical point. We consider an $L$-sized subsystem of a $N$-sized ring, and\ntrace over the states of $(N-L)$ spins, with $N\\to\\infty$. The full $N$-system\nis in a pure state, but the $L$-system is in a statistical mixture. As well\nknown, for $L >>1$, the Boltzmann-Gibbs-von Neumann entropy violates\nthermodynamical extensivity, namely $S_{BG}(L) \\propto \\log L$, whereas the\nnonadditive entropy $S_q$ is extensive for $q=q_c=\\sqrt{37}-6 $, namely\n$S_{q_c}(L) \\propto L$. When this problem is expressed in terms of independent\nfermions, we show that the usual thermostatistical sums emerging within\nFermi-Dirac statistics can, for $L>>1$, be indistinctively taken up to $L$\nterms or up to $\\log L$ terms. This is interpreted as a compact occupancy of\nphase-space of the $L$-system, hence standard BG quantities with an effective\nlength $V \\equiv \\log L$ are appropriate and are explicitly calculated. In\nother words, the calculations are to be done in a phase-space whose effective\ndimension is $2^{\\log L}$ instead of $2^L$. The whole scenario is strongly\nreminiscent of a usual phase transition of a spin-1/2 $d$-dimensional system,\nwhere the phase-space dimension is $2^{L^d}$ in the disordered phase, and\neffectively $2^{L^d/2}$ in the ordered one.",
        "positive": "Corner transfer matrix renormalization group analysis of the\n  two-dimensional dodecahedron model: We investigate the phase transition of the dodecahedron model on the square\nlattice. The model is a discrete analogue of the classical Heisenberg model,\nwhich has continuous $O(3)$ symmetry. In order to treat the large on-site\ndegree of freedom $q = 20$, we develop a massively parallelized numerical\nalgorithm for the corner transfer matrix renormalization group method,\nincorporating EigenExa, the high-performance parallelized eigensolver. The\nscaling analysis with respect to the cutoff dimension reveals that there is a\nsecond-order phase transition at $T^{~}_{\\rm c}=0.4398(8)$ with the critical\nexponents $\\nu=2.88(8)$ and $\\beta=0.21(1)$. The central charge of the system\nis estimated as $c=1.99(6)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Secular dynamics of long-range interacting particles on a sphere in the\n  axisymmetric limit: We investigate the secular dynamics of long-range interacting particles\nmoving on a sphere, in the limit of an axisymmetric mean field potential. We\nshow that this system can be described by the general kinetic equation, the\ninhomogeneous Balescu--Lenard equation. We use this approach to compute\nlong-term diffusion coefficients, that are compared with direct simulations.\nFinally, we show how the scaling of the system's relaxation rate with the\nnumber of particles fundamentally depends on the underlying frequency profile.\nThis clarifies why systems with a monotonic profile undergo a kinetic blocking\nand cannot relax as a whole under ${1/N}$ resonant effects. Because of its\ngeneral form, this framework can describe the dynamics of globally coupled\nclassical Heisenberg spins, long-range couplings in liquid crystals, or the\norbital inclination evolution of stars in nearly Keplerian systems.",
        "positive": "A classification of nonequilibrium steady states based on temperature\n  correlations: Although generalized ensembles have now been in use in statistical mechanics\nfor decades, including frameworks such as Tsallis' nonextensive statistics and\nsuperstatistics, a classification of these generalized ensembles outlining the\nboundaries of validity of different families of models, is still lacking. In\nthis work, such a classification is proposed in terms of supercanonical and\nsubcanonical ensembles, according to a newly defined parameter, the inverse\ntemperature covariance parameter $\\mathcal{U}$. This parameter is non-negative\nin superstatistics (and is equal to the variance of the inverse temperature)\nbut can be negative for other families of statistical ensembles, adquiring then\na broader meaning. It is shown that $\\mathcal{U}$ is equal for every region of\na composite system in a steady state, and examples are given of supercanonical\nand subcanonical states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling Properites of Price Changes for Korean Stock Indices: We consider returns of two Korean stock market indices, KOSPI and KOSDAQ\nindex. Central parts of the probability distribution function of returns are\nwell fitted by the Lorentzian distribution function. However, tail parts of the\nprobability distribution function follow a power law behavior well. We found\nthat the probability distribution function of returns for both KOSPI and\nKOSDAQ, is outside the L\\'{e}vy stable distribution.",
        "positive": "Pair Correlation Function Characteristics of Nearly Jammed Disordered\n  and Ordered Hard-Sphere Packings: We study the approach to jamming in hard-sphere packings, and, in particular,\nthe pair correlation function $g_{2}(r)$ around contact, both theoretically and\ncomputationally. Our computational data unambiguously separates the narrowing\ndelta-function contribution to $g_{2}$ due to emerging interparticle contacts\nfrom the background contribution due to near contacts. The data also shows with\nunprecedented accuracy that disordered hard-sphere packings are strictly\nisostatic, i.e., the number of exact contacts in the jamming limit is exactly\nequal to the number of degrees of freedom, once rattlers are removed. For such\nisostatic packings, we derive a theoretical connection between the probability\ndistribution of interparticle forces $P_{f}(f)$, which we measure\ncomputationally, and the contact contribution to $g_{2}$. We verify this\nrelation for computationally-generated isostatic packings that are\nrepresentative of the maximally jammed random state. We clearly observe a\nmaximum in $P_{f}$ and a nonzero probability of zero force. We computationally\nobserve an unusual power-law divergence in the near-contact contribution to\n$g_{2}$, persistent even in the jamming limit, with an exponent of -0.4. We\nalso present the first computational data on the contact-contribution to\n$g_{2}$ for vacancy-diluted FCC crystal packings and also investigate partially\ncrystallized packings along the transition from maximally disordered to fully\nordered packings. Unlike previous studies, we find that ordering has a\nsignificant impact on the shape of $P_{f}$ for small forces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sources, sinks and holes in a one-dimensional traveling wave convection\n  experiment: We study dynamical behavior of local structures, such as sources and holes,\nin traveling wave patterns in a very long (2 m) heated wire convection\nexperiment. The {\\em sources} undergo a transition from stable coherent\nbehavior to erratic behavior when the driving parameter $\\epsilon$ is {\\em\ndecreased}. This transition, as well as the scaling of the average source width\nin the erratic regime, are both qualitatively and quantitatively in accord with\nearlier theoretical predictions. We also present new results for the {\\em\nholes} sent out by the erratic sources.",
        "positive": "Consistent Lattice Boltzmann Method: The problem of energy conservation in the lattice Boltzmann method is solved.\nA novel model with energy conservation is derived from Boltzmann's kinetic\ntheory. It is demonstrated that the full thermo-hydrodynamics pertinent to the\nBoltzmann equation is recovered in the domain where variations around the\nreference temperature are small. Simulation of a Poiseuille micro-flow is\nperformed in a quantitative agreement with exact results for low and moderate\nKnudsen numbers. The new model extends in a natural way the standard lattice\nBoltzmann method to a thermodynamically consistent simulation tool for\nnearly-incompressible flows."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Absence of Thermodynamic Phase Transition in a Model Glass Former: The glass transition can simply be viewed as the point at which the viscosity\nof a structurally disordered liquid reaches 10^{13} Poise [1]. This definition\nis operational but it sidesteps fundamental controversies about the glass: Is\nthe transition a purely dynamical phenomenon [2]? This would mean that\nergodicity gets broken, but that thermodynamic properties of the liquid remain\nunchanged across the transition if determined as thermodynamic equilibrium\naverages over the whole phase space. The opposite view [3-6] claims that an\nunderlying thermodynamic phase transition is responsible for the dramatic\nslowdown at the liquid-glass boundary. Such a phase transition (which shows up\nin proper equilibrium phase space averages) would trigger the dynamic\nstandstill, and then get masked by it. A recent Monte Carlo algorithm [7]\nintroduces non-local moves for hard-core systems in a way which preserves\nmicro-reversibility. Here we use this method to equilibrate a two-dimensional\nhard disc system far within its glassy phase. We show that indications of a\nthermodynamic transition are lacking up to very high densities, and that the\nglass is indistinguishable from the liquid on purely thermodynamic grounds.",
        "positive": "Heat capacity of the generalized two-atom and many-atom gas in\n  nonextensive statistics: We have used the generalized two-atom ideal gas model in Tsallis statistics\nfor the statistical description of a real gas. By comparing the heat capacity\nwith the experimental results for the two-atom molecule gases such as N2, O2\nand CO, we find that these gases appear extensive at normal temperature, but\nthey may be nonextensive at the lower temperature. Furthermore, we study the\nheat capacity of the generalized many-atom gas model. We conclude that, for the\nmany-atom gas with a high degree of freedom, a weak nonextensivity of 1-q<0 can\nlead to the instability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Keeping speed and distance for aligned motion: The cohesive collective motion (flocking, swarming) of autonomous agents is\nubiquitously observed and exploited in both natural and man-made settings,\nthus, minimal models for its description are essential. In a model with\ncontinuous space and time we find that if two particles arrive symmetrically in\na plane at a large angle, then (i) radial repulsion and (ii) linear\nself-propelling toward a fixed preferred speed are sufficient for them to\ndepart at a smaller angle. For this local gain of momentum explicit velocity\nalignment is not necessary, nor are adhesion/attraction, inelasticity or\nanisotropy of the particles, or nonlinear drag. With many particles obeying\nthese microscopic rules of motion we find that their spatial confinement to a\nsquare with periodic boundaries (which is an indirect form of attraction) leads\nto stable macroscopic ordering. After varying the density of particles at\nconstant system size and varying the size of the system with constant particle\ndensity we predict that in the infinite system size (or density) limit the\nhysteresis loop disappears and the transition becomes continuous. We note that\nanimals, humans, drones, etc. tend to move asynchronously and are often more\nresponsive to motion than positions. Thus, for them velocity-based continuous\nmodels can provide higher precision than coordinate-based models. An additional\ncharacteristic and realistic feature of the model is that convergence to the\nordered state is fastest at a finite density, which is in contrast to models\napplying (discontinuous) explicit velocity alignments and discretized time. In\nsummary, we find that the investigated model can provide a minimal description\nof flocking.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium and information: the role of cross-correlations: We discuss the relevance of information contained in cross-correlations among\ndifferent degrees of freedom, which is crucial in non-equilibrium systems. In\nparticular we consider a stochastic system where two degrees of freedom $X_1$\nand $X_2$ - in contact with two different thermostats - are coupled together.\nThe production of entropy and the violation of equilibrium\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) are both related to the cross-correlation\nbetween $X_1$ and $X_2$. Information about such cross-correlation may be lost\nwhen single-variable reduced models, for $X_1$, are considered. Two different\nprocedures are typically applied: (a) one totally ignores the coupling with\n$X_2$; (b) one models the effect of $X_2$ as an average memory effect,\nobtaining a generalized Langevin equation. In case (a) discrepancies between\nthe system and the model appear both in entropy production and linear response;\nthe latter can be exploited to define effective temperatures, but those are\nmeaningful only when time-scales are well separated. In case (b) linear\nresponse of the model well reproduces that of the system; however the loss of\ninformation is reflected in a loss of entropy production. When only linear\nforces are present, such a reduction is dramatic and makes the average entropy\nproduction vanish, posing problems in interpreting FDT violations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation Relation for Heat Engines: We derive the exact equality, referred to as the fluctuation relation for\nheat engines (FRHE), that relates statistics of heat extracted from one of the\ntwo heat baths and the work per one cycle of a heat engine operation. Carnot's\ninequality of classical thermodynamics follows as a direct consequence of the\nFRHE.",
        "positive": "Asymptotically inspired moment-closure approximation for adaptive\n  networks: Adaptive social networks, in which nodes and network structure co-evolve, are\noften described using a mean-field system of equations for the density of node\nand link types. These equations constitute an open system due to dependence on\nhigher order topological structures. We propose a new approach to moment\nclosure based on the analytical description of the system in an asymptotic\nregime. We apply the proposed approach to two examples of adaptive networks:\nrecruitment to a cause model and adaptive epidemic model. We show a good\nagreement between the improved mean-field prediction and simulations of the\nfull network system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The role of noise and advection in absorbing state phase transitions: We study the effect of advection and noise on the field theory for directed\npercolation (DP). We show that even a very small advective velocity is enough\nto change the universality class of the dynamic phase transition. When the\nnoise is taken to be proportional to the square root of the population density,\nwe find an additional nonequilibrium 'spinodal' line separating a region where\nan exponentially decreasing density is metastable, from another one in which it\nis unstable. If the noise is instead linear in the density, the phase diagram\nchanges dramatically both quantitatively and qualitatively, and the spinodal\nline becomes a true phase boundary. We briefly discuss possible applications of\nour results to microbial sedimentation and population dynamics in rivers.",
        "positive": "Driven low density granular mixtures: We study the steady state properties of a 2D granular mixture in the presence\nof energy driving by employing simple analytical estimates and Direct\nSimulation Monte Carlo. We adopt two different driving mechanisms: a) a\nhomogeneous heat bath with friction and b) a vibrating boundary (thermal or\nharmonic) in the presence of gravity. The main findings are: the appearance of\ntwo different granular temperatures, one for each species; the existence of\noverpopulated tails in the velocity distribution functions and of non trivial\nspatial correlations indicating the spontaneous formation of cluster\naggregates. In the case of a fluid subject to gravity and to a vibrating\nboundary, both densities and temperatures display non uniform profiles along\nthe direction normal to the wall, in particular the temperature profiles are\ndifferent for the two species while the temperature ratio is almost constant\nwith the height. Finally, we obtained the velocity distributions at different\nheights and verified the non gaussianity of the resulting distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An interface phase transition induced by a driven line in 2D: The effect of a localized drive on the steady state of an interface\nseparating two phases in coexistence is studied. This is done using a spin\nconserving kinetic Ising model on a two dimensional lattice with cylindrical\nboundary conditions, where a drive is applied along a single ring on which the\ninterface separating the two phases is centered. The drive is found to induce\nan interface spontaneous symmetry breaking whereby the magnetization of the\ndriven ring becomes non-zero. The width of the interface becomes finite and its\nfluctuations around the driven ring are non-symmetric. The dynamical origin of\nthese properties is analyzed in an adiabatic limit which allows the evaluation\nof the large deviation function of the driven-ring magnetization.",
        "positive": "Universal front propagation in the quantum Ising chain with domain-wall\n  initial states: We study the melting of domain walls in the ferromagnetic phase of the\ntransverse Ising chain, created by flipping the order-parameter spins along\none-half of the chain. If the initial state is excited by a local operator in\nterms of Jordan-Wigner fermions, the resulting longitudinal magnetization\nprofiles have a universal character. Namely, after proper rescalings, the\nprofiles in the noncritical Ising chain become identical to those obtained for\na critical free-fermion chain starting from a step-like initial state. The\nrelation holds exactly in the entire ferromagnetic phase of the Ising chain and\ncan even be extended to the zero-field XY model by a duality argument. In\ncontrast, for domain-wall excitations that are highly non-local in the\nfermionic variables, the universality of the magnetization profiles is lost.\nNevertheless, for both cases we observe that the entanglement entropy\nasymptotically saturates at the ground-state value, suggesting a simple form of\nthe steady state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A \"Square-root\" Method for the Density Matrix and its Applications to\n  Lindblad Operators: The evolution of open systems, subject to both Hamiltonian and dissipative\nforces, is studied by writing the $nm$ element of the time ($t$) dependent\ndensity matrix in the form \\ber \\rho_{nm}(t)&=& \\frac {1}{A} \\sum_{\\alpha=1}^A\n\\gamma ^{\\alpha}_n (t)\\gamma^{\\alpha *}_m (t) \\enr The so called \"square root\nfactors\", the $\\gamma(t)$'s, are non-square matrices and are averaged over $A$\nsystems ($\\alpha$) of the ensemble. This square-root description is exact.\nEvolution equations are then postulated for the $\\gamma(t)$ factors, such as to\nreduce to the Lindblad-type evolution equations for the diagonal terms in the\ndensity matrix. For the off-diagonal terms they differ from the\nLindblad-equations. The \"square root factors\" $\\gamma(t)$ are not unique and\nthe equations for the $\\gamma(t)$'s depend on the specific representation\nchosen. Two criteria can be suggested for fixing the choice of $\\gamma(t)$'s\none is simplicity of the resulting equations and the other has to do with the\nreduction of the difference between the $\\gamma(t)$ formalism and the\nLindblad-equations.",
        "positive": "Theoretical background for observing ultra-slow microwaves in a\n  Bose-Einstein condensate of alkali atoms: We represent a new microscopic approach that allows studying the propagation\nproperties of microwaves in a Bose-Einstein condensate of alkali atoms. It is\nassumed that the frequency of signal is tuned up to the transition between\nhyperfine ground state levels of such atoms. Pulse slowing conditions\ndependence on the system parameters is found. It is shown that the slowed\nsignal can propagate in mentioned system with rather small energy loss. Such\nphenomenon is also studied in case of hyperfine levels Zeeman splitting. A\npossibility of ultra-slow microwaves observing in a condensed gas of cesium\natoms is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Macroscopic behavior of populations of quadratic integrate-and-fire\n  neurons subject to non-Gaussian white noise: We study macroscopic behavior of populations of quadratic integrate-and-fire\nneurons subject to non-Gaussian noises; we argue that these noises must be\nalpha-stable whenever they are delta-correlated (white). For the case of\nadditive-in-voltage noise, we derive the governing equation of the dynamics of\nthe characteristic function of the membrane voltage distribution and construct\na linear-in-noise perturbation theory. Specifically for the recurrent network\nwith global synaptic coupling, we theoretically calculate the observables:\npopulation-mean membrane voltage and firing rate. The theoretical results are\nunderpinned by the results of numerical simulation for homogeneous and\nheterogeneous populations. The possibility of the generalization of the\npseudocumulant approach to the case of a fractional $\\alpha$ is examined for\nboth irrational and fractional rational $\\alpha$. This examination seemingly\nsuggests the pseudocumulant approach or its modifications to be employable only\nfor the integer values of $\\alpha=1$ (Cauchy noise) and $2$ (Gaussian noise)\nwithin the physically meaningful range $(0;2]$. Remarkably, the analysis for\nfractional $\\alpha$ indirectly revealed that, for the Gaussian noise, the\nminimal asymptotically rigorous model reduction must involve three\npseudocumulants and the two-pseudocumulant model reduction is an artificial\napproximation. This explains a surprising gain of accuracy for the\nthree-pseudocumulant models as compared to the the two-pseudocumulant ones\nreported in the literature.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium properties of the S=1/2 Heisenberg model in a\n  time-dependent magnetic field: The time-dependent behavior of the Heisenberg model in contact with a phonon\nheat bath and in an external time-dependent magnetic field is studied by means\nof a path integral approach. The action of the phonon heat bath is taken into\naccount up to the second order in the coupling to the heath bath. It is shown\nthat there is a minimal value of the magnetic field below which the average\nmagnetization of the system does not relax to equilibrium when the external\nmagnetic field is flipped. This result is in qualitative agreement with the\nmean field results obtained within $\\phi^{4}$-theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Insights into the Second Law of Thermodynamics from Anisotropic\n  Gas-Surface Interactions: Thermodynamic implications of anisotropic gas-surface interactions in a\nclosed molecular flow cavity are examined. Anisotropy at the microscopic scale,\nsuch as might be caused by reduced-dimensionality surfaces, is shown to lead to\nreversibility at the macroscopic scale. The possibility of a self-sustaining\nnonequilibrium stationary state induced by surface anisotropy is demonstrated\nthat simultaneously satisfies flux balance, conservation of momentum, and\nconservation of energy. Conversely, it is also shown that the second law of\nthermodynamics prohibits anisotropic gas-surface interactions in \"equilibrium\",\neven for reduced dimensionality surfaces. This is particularly startling\nbecause reduced dimensionality surfaces are known to exhibit a plethora of\nanisotropic properties. That gas-surface interactions would be excluded from\nthese anisotropic properties is completely counterintuitive from a causality\nperspective. These results provide intriguing insights into the second law of\nthermodynamics and its relation to gas-surface interaction physics.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic behavior of the order parameter in a stochastic sandpile: We derive the first four terms in a series for the order paramater (the\nstationary activity density rho) in the supercritical regime of a\none-dimensional stochastic sandpile; in the two-dimensional case the first\nthree terms are reported. We reorganize the pertubation theory for the model,\nrecently derived using a path-integral formalism [R. Dickman e R. Vidigal, J.\nPhys. A 35, 7269 (2002)], to obtain an expansion for stationary properties.\nSince the process has a strictly conserved particle density p, the Fourier mode\nN^{-1} psi_{k=0} -> p, when the number of sites N -> infinity, and so is not a\nrandom variable. Isolating this mode, we obtain a new effective action leading\nto an expansion for rho in the parameter kappa = 1/(1+4p). This requires\nenumeration and numerical evaluation of more than 200 000 diagrams, for which\ntask we develop a computational algorithm. Predictions derived from this series\nare in good accord with simulation results. We also discuss the nature of\ncorrelation functions and one-site reduced densities in the small-kappa\n(large-p) limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "SOC in a class of sandpile models with stochastic dynamics: We have studied one-dimensional cellular automata with updating rules\ndepending stochastically on the difference of the heights of neighbouring\ncells. The probability for toppling depends on a parameter lambda which goes to\none with increasing slope, i.e. the dynamics can be varied continuously. We\nhave investigated the scaling properties of the model using finite-size scaling\nanalysis. A robust power-law behavior is observed for the probability density\nof the size of avalanches in a certain range of lambda values. The two\nexponents which determine the dependence of the probability density on time and\nsystem size both depend continuously on lambda, i.e. the model exhibits\nnonuniversal behavior. We also measured the roughness of the surface of the\nsandpile and here we obtained an universal behavior, i.e. a roughness exponent\nof about 1.75 for all values of lambda. For the temporal behavior of the mass a\n$f^{-\\phi}$ spectrum is obtained with an exponent phi close to 2 again for all\nlambda-values.",
        "positive": "Scaling properties at the interface between different critical\n  subsystems: The Ashkin-Teller model: We consider two critical semi-infinite subsystems with different critical\nexponents and couple them through their surfaces. The critical behavior at the\ninterface, influenced by the critical fluctuations of the two subsystems, can\nbe quite rich. In order to examine the various possibilities, we study a system\ncomposed of two coupled Ashkin-Teller models with different four-spin couplings\nepsilon, on the two sides of the junction. By varying epsilon, some bulk and\nsurface critical exponents of the two subsystems are continuously modified,\nwhich in turn changes the interface critical behavior. In particular we study\nthe marginal situation, for which magnetic critical exponents at the interface\nvary continuously with the strength of the interaction parameter. The behavior\nexpected from scaling arguments is checked by DMRG calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Molecular-scale remnants of the liquid-gas transition in supercritical\n  polar fluids: An electronically coarse-grained model for water reveals a persistent vestige\nof the liquid-gas transition deep into the supercritical region. A crossover in\nthe density dependence of the molecular dipole arises from the onset of\nnon-percolating hydrogen bonds. The crossover points coincide with the Widom\nline in the scaling region but extend further, tracking the heat capacity\nmaxima, offering evidence for liquid- and gas-like state points in a\n\"one-phase\" fluid. The effect is present even in dipole-limit models suggesting\nthat it is common for all molecular liquids exhibiting dipole enhancement in\nthe liquid phase.",
        "positive": "The asymmetric simple exclusion process: an integrable model for\n  non-equilibrium statistical mechanics: The asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) plays the role of a paradigm\nin non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. We review exact results for the ASEP\nobtained by Bethe ansatz and put emphasis on the algebraic properties of this\nmodel. The Bethe equations for the eigenvalues of the Markov matrix of the ASEP\nare derived from the algebraic Bethe ansatz. Using these equations we explain\nhow to calculate the spectral gap of the model and how global spectral\nproperties such as the existence of multiplets can be predicted. An extension\nof the Bethe ansatz leads to an analytic expression for the large deviation\nfunction of the current in the ASEP that satisfies the Gallavotti-Cohen\nrelation. Finally, we describe some variants of the ASEP that are also solvable\nby Bethe ansatz.\n  Keywords: ASEP, integrable models, Bethe ansatz, large deviations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mutual linearity of nonequilibrium network currents: For continuous-time Markov chains and open unimolecular chemical reaction\nnetworks, we prove that any two stationary currents are linearly related upon\nperturbations of a single edge's transition rates, arbitrarily far from\nequilibrium. We extend the result to non-stationary currents in the frequency\ndomain, provide and discuss an explicit expression for the current-current\nsusceptibility in terms of the network topology, and discuss possible\ngeneralizations. In practical scenarios, the mutual linearity relation has\npredictive power and can be used as a tool for inference or model\nproof-testing.",
        "positive": "The phase equilibrium in a Lennard Jones fluid: possible applications in\n  astrophysics: Using standard thermodynamics and previous results of the author, this paper\naims to discuss the conditions for phase equilibrium in a Lennard-Jones fluid.\nPossibilities of astrophysical applications of the results obtained here are\ndiscussed to some extent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theoretical bound of the efficiency of learning with coarse-graining: A thermodynamic formalism describing the efficiency of information learning\nis proposed, which is applicable for stochastic thermodynamic systems with\nmultiple internal degree of freedom. The learning rate, entropy production rate\n(EPR), and entropy flow from the system to the environment under coarse-grained\ndynamics are derived. The Cauchy-Schwarz inequality has been applied to\ndemonstrate the lower bound on the EPR of an internal state. The inequality of\nEPR is tighter than the Clausius inequality, leading to the derivative of the\nupper bound on the efficiency of learning. The results are verified in cellular\nnetworks with information processes.",
        "positive": "Colossal Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion in a periodic potential:\n  impact of nonequilibrium noise amplitude statistics: Last year in [Phys. Rev. E 102, 042121 (2020)] the authors studied an\noverdamped dynamics of nonequilibrium noise driven Brownian particle dwelling\nin a spatially periodic potential and discovered a novel class of Brownian, yet\nnon-Gaussian diffusion. The mean square displacement of the particle grows\nlinearly with time and the probability density for the particle position is\nGaussian, however, the corresponding distribution for the increments is\nnon-Gaussian. The latter property induces the colossal enhancement of\ndiffusion, significantly exceeding the well known effect of giant diffusion.\nHere we considerably extend the above predictions by investigating the\ninfluence of nonequilibrium noise amplitude statistics on the colossal\nBrownian, yet non-Gaussian diffusion. The tail of amplitude distribution\ncrucially impacts both the magnitude of diffusion amplification as well as\nGaussianity of the position and increments statistics. Our results carry\nprofound consequences for diffusive behaviour in nonequilibrium settings such\nas living cells in which diffusion is a central transport mechanism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The expression of ensemble average internal energy in long-range\n  interaction complex system and its statistical physical properties: In this paper, we attempt to derive the expression of ensemble average\ninternal energy in long-range interaction complex system. Further, the Shannon\nentropy hypothesis is used to derive the probability distribution function of\nenergy. It is worth mentioning that the probability distribution function of\nenergy can be equivalent to the q-Gaussian distribution given by Tsallis based\non nonextensive entropy. In order to verify the practical significance of this\nmodel, it is applied to the older subject of income system. The classic income\ndistribution is two-stage, the most recognized low-income distribution is the\nexponential form, and the high-income distribution is the recognized Pareto\npower law distribution. The probability distribution can explain the entire\ndistribution of United States income data. In addition, the internal energy,\nentropy and temperature of the United States income system can be calculated,\nand the economic crisis in the United States in recent years can be presented.\nIt is believed that the model will be further improved and extended to other\nareas.",
        "positive": "Numerical comparison of two approaches for the study of phase\n  transitions in small systems: We compare two recently proposed methods for the characterization of phase\ntransitions in small systems. The validity and usefulness of these approaches\nare studied for the case of the q=4 and q=5 Potts model, i.e. systems where a\nthermodynamic limit and exact results exist. Guided by this analysis we discuss\nthen the helix-coil transition in polyalanine, an example of structural\ntransitions in biological molecules."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy-vanishing transition and glassy dynamics in frustrated spins: In an effort to understand the glass transition, the dynamics of a\nnon-randomly frustrated spin model has been analyzed. The phenomenology of the\nspin model is similar to that of a supercooled liquid undergoing the glass\ntransition. The slow dynamics can be associated with the presence of extended\nstring-like structures which demarcate regions of fast spin flips. An\nentropy-vanishing transition, with the string density as the order parameter,\nis related to the observed glass transition in the spin model.",
        "positive": "Compact directed percolation with movable partial reflectors: We study a version of compact directed percolation (CDP) in one dimension in\nwhich occupation of a site for the first time requires that a \"mine\" or\nantiparticle be eliminated. This process is analogous to the variant of\ndirected percolation with a long-time memory, proposed by Grassberger, Chate\nand Rousseau [Phys. Rev. E 55, 2488 (1997)] in order to understand spreading at\na critical point involving an infinite number of absorbing configurations. The\nproblem is equivalent to that of a pair of random walkers in the presence of\nmovable partial reflectors. The walkers, which are unbiased, start one lattice\nspacing apart, and annihilate on their first contact. Each time one of the\nwalkers tries to visit a new site, it is reflected (with probability r) back to\nits previous position, while the reflector is simultaneously pushed one step\naway from the walker. Iteration of the discrete-time evolution equation for the\nprobability distribution yields the survival probability S(t). We find that\nS(t) \\sim t^{-delta}, with delta varying continuously between 1/2 and 1.160 as\nthe reflection probability varies between 0 and 1."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat transport along a chain of coupled quantum harmonic oscillators: We study the heat transport properties of a chain of coupled quantum harmonic\noscillators in contact at its ends with two heat reservoirs at distinct\ntemperatures. Our approach is based on the use of an evolution equation for the\ndensity operator which is a canonical quantization of the classical\nFokker-Planck-Kramers equation. We set up the evolution equation for the\ncovariances and obtain the stationary covariances at the stationary states from\nwhich we determine the thermal conductance in closed form when the\ninterparticle interaction is small. The conductance is finite in the\nthermodynamic limit implying an infinite thermal conductivity.",
        "positive": "Stochastic thermodynamics and entropy production of chemical reaction\n  systems: We investigate the nonequilibrium stationary states of systems consisting of\nchemical reactions among molecules of several chemical species. To this end we\nintroduce and develop a stochastic formulation of nonequilibrium thermodynamics\nof chemical reaction systems based on a master equation defined on the space of\nmicroscopic chemical states, and on appropriate definitions of entropy and\nentropy production, The system is in contact with a heat reservoir, and is\nplaced out of equilibrium by the contact with particle reservoirs. In our\napproach, the fluxes of various types, such as the heat and particle fluxes,\nplay a fundamental role in characterizing the nonequilibrium chemical state. We\nshow that the rate of entropy production in the stationary nonequilibrium state\nis a bilinear form in the affinities and the fluxes of reaction, which are\nexpressed in terms of rate constants and transition rates, respectively. We\nalso show how the description in terms of microscopic states can be reduced to\na description in terms of the numbers of particles of each species, from which\nfollows the chemical master equation. As an example, we calculate the rate of\nentropy production of the first and second Schl\\\"ogl reaction models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exactly solvable model of quantum diffusion: We study the transport property of diffusion in a finite translationally\ninvariant quantum subsystem described by a tight-binding Hamiltonian with a\nsingle energy band and interacting with its environment by a coupling in terms\nof correlation functions which are delta-correlated in space and time. For weak\ncoupling, the time evolution of the subsystem density matrix is ruled by a\nquantum master equation of Lindblad type. Thanks to the invariance under\nspatial translations, we can apply the Bloch theorem to the subsystem density\nmatrix and exactly diagonalize the time evolution superoperator to obtain the\ncomplete spectrum of its eigenvalues, which fully describe the relaxation to\nequilibrium. Above a critical coupling which is inversely proportional to the\nsize of the subsystem, the spectrum at given wavenumber contains an isolated\neigenvalue describing diffusion. The other eigenvalues rule the decay of the\npopulations and quantum coherences with decay rates which are proportional to\nthe intensity of the environmental noise. On the other hand, an analytical\nexpression is obtained for the dispersion relation of diffusion. The diffusion\ncoefficient is proportional to the square of the width of the energy band and\ninversely proportional to the intensity of the environmental noise because\ndiffusion results from the perturbation of quantum tunneling by the\nenvironmental fluctuations in this model. Diffusion disappears below the\ncritical coupling.",
        "positive": "Nonergodisity of a time series obeying L\u00e9vy statistics: Time-averaged autocorrelation functions of a dichotomous random process\nswitching between 1 and 0 and governed by wide power law sojourn time\ndistribution are studied. Such a process, called a L\\'evy walk, describes\ndynamical behaviors of many physical systems, fluorescence intermittency of\nsemiconductor nanocrystals under continuous laser illumination being one\nexample. When the mean sojourn time diverges the process is non-ergodic. In\nthat case, the time average autocorrelation function is not equal to the\nensemble averaged autocorrelation function, instead it remains random even in\nthe limit of long measurement time. Several approximations for the distribution\nof this random autocorrelation function are obtained for different parameter\nranges, and favorably compared to Monte Carlo simulations. Nonergodicity of the\npower spectrum of the process is briefly discussed, and a nonstationary\nWiener-Khintchine theorem, relating the correlation functions and the power\nspectrum is presented. The considered situation is in full contrast to the\nusual assumptions of ergodicity and stationarity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time-Average Based on Scaling Law in Anomalous Diffusions: To solve the obscureness in measurement brought about from the weak\nergodicity breaking appeared in anomalous diffusions we have suggested the\ntime-averaged mean squared displacement (MSD) $\\bar{\\delta^2 (\\tau)}_\\tau$ with\na integral interval depending linearly on the lag time $\\tau$. For the\ncontinuous time random walk describing a subdiffusive behavior, we have found\nthat $\\bar{\\delta^2 (\\tau)}_\\tau \\sim \\tau^\\gamma$ like that of the\nensemble-averaged MSD, which makes it be possible to measure the proper\nexponent values through time-average in experiments like a single molecule\ntracking. Also we have found that it is originated from the scaling nature of\nthe MSD at a aging time in anomalous diffusion and confirmed them through\nnumerical results of the other microscopic non-Markovian model showing\nsubdiffusions and superdiffusions with the origin of memory enhancement.",
        "positive": "Local thermodynamics and the generalized Gibbs-Duhem equation in systems\n  with long-range interactions: The local thermodynamics of a system with long-range interactions in d\ndimensions is studied using the mean-field approximation. Long-range\ninteractions are introduced through pair interaction potentials that decay as a\npower law in the interparticle distance. We compute the local entropy,\nHelmholtz free energy, and grand potential per particle in the microcanonical,\ncanonical, and grand canonical ensembles, respectively. From the local entropy\nper particle we obtain the local equation of state of the system by using the\ncondition of local thermodynamic equilibrium. This local equation of state has\nthe form of the ideal gas equation of state, but with the density depending on\nthe potential characterizing long-range interactions. By volume integration of\nthe relation between the different thermodynamic potentials at the local level,\nwe find the corresponding equation satisfied by the potentials at the global\nlevel. It is shown that the potential energy enters as a thermodynamic variable\nthat modifies the global thermodynamic potentials. As a result, we find a\ngeneralized Gibbs-Duhem equation that relates the potential energy to the\ntemperature, pressure, and chemical potential. For the marginal case where the\npower of the decaying interaction potential is equal to the dimension of the\nspace, the usual Gibbs-Duhem equation is recovered. As examples of the\napplication of this equation, we consider spatially uniform interaction\npotentials and the self-gravitating gas. We also point out a close relationship\nwith the thermodynamics of small systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Consistency of the Deterministic Local Volatility Function Model\n  ('implied tree'): We show that the frequent claim that the implied tree prices exotic options\nconsistently with the market is untrue if the local volatilities are subject to\nchange and the market is arbitrage-free. In the process, we analyse -- in the\nmost general context -- the impact of stochastic variables on the P&L of a\nhedged portfolio, and we conclude that no model can a priori be expected to\nprice all exotics in line with the vanilla options market. Calibration of an\nassumed underlying process from vanilla options alone must not be overly\nrestrictive, yet still unique, and relevant to all exotic options of interest.\nFor the implied tree we show that the calibration to real-world prices allows\nus to only price vanilla options themselves correctly. This is usually\nattributed to the incompleteness of the market under traditional stochastic\n(local) volatility models. We show that some `weakly' stochastic volatility\nmodels without quadratic variation of the volatilities avoid the incompleteness\nproblems, but they introduce arbitrage. More generally, we find that any\nstochastic tradable either has quadratic variation -- and therefore a\n$\\Ga$-like P&L on instruments with non-linear exposure to that asset -- or it\nintroduces arbitrage opportunities.",
        "positive": "Multi-critical dynamics of the Boson system in the vicinity of the\n  second-order quantum phase transition: The non-equilibrium dynamics of the critical behaviour of the Boson system\nundergoing the second order quantum phase transition is discussed. The analysis\nis carried out using the Keldysh technique of the non-equilibrium dynamics\ndescription. The critical behaviour close to the quantum critical point has\nbeen shown to be multi-critical. Crossover among three different critical\nregimes (modes) is possible: adiabatic quantum mode (AQM), dissipative\nclassical mode (classical critical dynamics mode (CCDM) and dissipative quantum\ncritical mode (QCDM). As a result, the observed critical behavior can\nessentially depend on the conditions of approaching the critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Threshold singularities in the XXZ- spin chain: We calculate the critical exponents of the threshold singularity for the\nspectral density of the XXZ- spin chain at zero magnetic field for the lower\nthreshold. We show that the corresponding phase shifts are momentum-independent\nand coinside with the predictions of the effective mobile impurity Hamiltonian\napproach. We show that for the eigenstates with the high-energy particle with\nthe momentum $k$ which is much larger than the momenta of the particle-hole\nexcitations the formfactor is not described in the framework of the Luttinger\nmodel even in the limit $k<<p_F$ but should be evaluated in the framework of\nthe effective mobile impurity Hamiltonian approach.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium steady states : maximization of the Shannon entropy\n  associated to the distribution of dynamical trajectories in the presence of\n  constraints: Filyokov and Karpov [Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal 13, 624 (1967)] have\nproposed a theory of non-equilibrium steady states in direct analogy with the\ntheory of equilibrium states : the principle is to maximize the Shannon entropy\nassociated to the probability distribution of dynamical trajectories in the\npresence of constraints, including the macroscopic current of interest, via the\nmethod of Lagrange multipliers. This maximization leads directly to generalized\nGibbs distribution for the probability distribution of dynamical trajectories,\nand to some fluctuation relation of the integrated current. The simplest\nstochastic dynamics where these ideas can be applied are discrete-time Markov\nchains, defined by transition probabilities $W_{i \\to j}$ between\nconfigurations $i$ and $j$ : instead of choosing the dynamical rules $W_{i \\to\nj} $ a priori, one determines the transition probabilities and the associate\nstationary state that maximize the entropy of dynamical trajectories with the\nother physical constraints that one wishes to impose. We give a self-contained\nand unified presentation of this type of approach, both for discrete-time\nMarkov Chains and for continuous-time Master Equations. The obtained results\nare in full agreement with the Bayesian approach introduced by Evans [Phys.\nRev. Lett. 92, 150601 (2004)] under the name 'Non-equilibrium Counterpart to\ndetailed balance', and with the 'invariant quantities' derived by Baule and\nEvans [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 240601 (2008)], but provide a slightly different\nperspective via the formulation in terms of an eigenvalue problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Trapping in scale-free networks with hierarchical organization of\n  modularity: A wide variety of real-life networks share two remarkable generic topological\nproperties: scale-free behavior and modular organization, and it is natural and\nimportant to study how these two features affect the dynamical processes taking\nplace on such networks. In this paper, we investigate a simple stochastic\nprocess--trapping problem, a random walk with a perfect trap fixed at a given\nlocation, performed on a family of hierarchical networks that exhibit\nsimultaneously striking scale-free and modular structure. We focus on a\nparticular case with the immobile trap positioned at the hub node having the\nlargest degree. Using a method based on generating functions, we determine\nexplicitly the mean first-passage time (MFPT) for the trapping problem, which\nis the mean of the node-to-trap first-passage time over the entire network. The\nexact expression for the MFPT is calculated through the recurrence relations\nderived from the special construction of the hierarchical networks. The\nobtained rigorous formula corroborated by extensive direct numerical\ncalculations exhibits that the MFPT grows algebraically with the network order.\nConcretely, the MFPT increases as a power-law function of the number of nodes\nwith the exponent much less than 1. We demonstrate that the hierarchical\nnetworks under consideration have more efficient structure for transport by\ndiffusion in contrast with other analytically soluble media including some\npreviously studied scale-free networks. We argue that the scale-free and\nmodular topologies are responsible for the high efficiency of the trapping\nprocess on the hierarchical networks.",
        "positive": "Liquid-Vapor Transition and Critical Behavior of The Ultrasoft\n  Restricted Primitive Model of Polyelectrolytes : a Monte Carlo Study: We present a Monte-Carlo study of the liquid-vapor transition and the\ncritical behavior of a model of polyelectrolytes with soft gaussian charge\ndistributions introduced recently by Coslovich, Hansen, and Kahl [J. Chem.\nPhys. \\textbf{134}, 244514 (2011)]. A finite size study involving four\ndifferent volumes in the grand canonical ensemble yields a precise\ndetermination of the critical temperature, chemical potential, and density of\nthe model. Attempts to determine the nature of the criticality and to obtain\nreliable values for the critical exponents are not conclusive."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fragmentation Experiment and Model for Falling Mercury Drops: The experiment consists of counting and measuring the size of the many\nfragments observed after the fall of a mercury drop on the floor. The size\ndistribution follows a power-law for large enough fragments. We address the\nquestion of a possible crossover to a second, different power-law for small\nenough fragments. Two series of experiments were performed. The first uses a\ntraditional film photographic camera, and the picture is later treated on a\ncomputer in order to count the fragments and classify them according to their\nsizes. The second uses a modern digital camera. The first approach has the\nadvantage of a better resolution for small fragment sizes. The second, although\nwith a poorer size resolution, is more reliable concerning the counting of all\nfragments up to its resolution limit. Both together clearly indicate the real\nexistence of the quoted crossover.\n  The model treats the system microscopically during the tiny time interval\nwhen the initial drop collides with the floor. The drop is modelled by a\nconnected cluster of Ising spins pointing up (mercury) surrounded by Ising\nspins pointing down (air). The Ising coupling which tends to keep the spins\nsegregated represents the surface tension. Initially the cluster carries an\nextra energy equally shared among all its spins, corresponding to the coherent\nkinetic energy due to the fall. Each spin which touches the floor loses its\nextra energy transformed into a thermal, incoherent energy represented by a\ntemperature used then to follow the dynamics through Monte Carlo simulations.\nWhenever a small piece becomes disconnected from the big cluster, it is\nconsidered a fragment, and counted. The results also indicate the existence of\nthe quoted crossover in the fragment-size distribution.",
        "positive": "Physics-constrained Bayesian inference of state functions in classical\n  density-functional theory: We develop a novel data-driven approach to the inverse problem of classical\nstatistical mechanics: given experimental data on the collective motion of a\nclassical many-body system, how does one characterise the free energy landscape\nof that system? By combining non-parametric Bayesian inference with\nphysically-motivated constraints, we develop an efficient learning algorithm\nwhich automates the construction of approximate free energy functionals. In\ncontrast to optimisation-based machine learning approaches, which seek to\nminimise a cost function, the central idea of the proposed Bayesian inference\nis to propagate a set of prior assumptions through the model, derived from\nphysical principles. The experimental data is used to probabilistically weigh\nthe possible model predictions. This naturally leads to humanly interpretable\nalgorithms with full uncertainty quantification of predictions. In our case,\nthe output of the learning algorithm is a probability distribution over a\nfamily of free energy functionals, consistent with the observed particle data.\nWe find that surprisingly small data samples contain sufficient information for\ninferring highly accurate analytic expressions of the underlying free energy\nfunctionals, making our algorithm highly data efficient. We consider excluded\nvolume particle interactions, which are ubiquitous in nature, whilst being\nhighly challenging for modelling in terms of free energy. To validate our\napproach we consider the paradigmatic case of one-dimensional fluid and develop\ninference algorithms for the canonical and grand-canonical\nstatistical-mechanical ensembles. Extensions to higher-dimensional systems are\nconceptually straightforward, whilst standard coarse-graining techniques allow\none to easily incorporate attractive interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information engine with feedback delay based on a two level system: An information engine based on a two level system in contact with a thermal\nreservoir is studied analytically. The model incorporates delay time between\nthe measurement of the state of the system and the feedback. The engine\nefficiency and work extracted per cycle are studied as a function of delay time\nand energy spacing between the two levels. It is found that the range of delay\ntime over which one can extract work from the information engine increases with\ntemperature. For delay times comparable to the relaxation time, efficiency and\nwork per cycle are both maximum when $k_B T \\approx 2 U_0$, the energy\ndifference between the levels. Generalized Jarzynski equality and the\ngeneralized integral fluctuation theorem are explicitly verified for the model.\nThe results from the model are compared with the simulation results for a\nfeedback engine based on a particle moving in a $1D$ square potential. The\nvariation of efficiency, work per cycle and efficacy with the delay time is\ncompared using relaxation time in the two state model as the fitting parameter\nand leads to good fit.",
        "positive": "Self-organizing maps as a method for detecting phase transitions and\n  phase identification: Originating from image recognition, methods of machine learning allow for\neffective feature extraction and dimensionality reduction in multidimensional\ndatasets, thereby providing an extraordinary tool to deal with classical and\nquantum models in many-body physics. In this study, we employ a specific\nunsupervised machine learning technique -- self-organizing maps -- to create a\nlow-dimensional representation of microscopic states, relevant for macroscopic\nphase identification and detecting phase transitions. We explore the properties\nof spin Hamiltonians of two archetype model system: a two-dimensional\nHeisenberg ferromagnet and a three-dimensional crystal, Fe in the body centered\ncubic structure. The method of self-organizing maps, that is known to conserve\nconnectivity of the initial dataset, is compared to the cumulant method theory\nand is shown to be as accurate while being computationally more efficient in\ndetermining a phase transition temperature. We argue that the method proposed\nhere can be applied to explore a broad class of second-order phase transition\nsystems, not only magnetic systems but also, for example, order-disorder\ntransitions in alloys."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Partition Function Zeroes of Quantum Critical Points: The Lee-Yang theorem for the zeroes of the partition function is not strictly\napplicable to quantum systems because the zeroes are defined in units of the\nfugacity $e^{h\\Delta\\tau}$, and the Euclidean-time lattice spacing $\\Delta\\tau$\ncan be divergent in the infrared (IR). We recently presented analytic arguments\ndescribing how a new space-Euclidean time zeroes expansion can be defined,\nwhich reproduces Lee and Yang's scaling but avoids the unresolved branch points\nassociated with the breaking of nonlocal symmetries such as parity. We now\npresent a first numerical analysis for this new zeros approach for a quantum\nspin chain system. We use our scheme to quantify the renormalization group flow\nof the physical lattice couplings to the IR fixed point of this system. We\nargue that the generic Finite-Size Scaling (FSS) function of our scheme is\nidentically the entanglement entropy of the lattice partition function and,\ntherefore, that we are able to directly extract the central charge, $c$, of the\nquantum spin chain system using conformal predictions for the scaling of the\nentanglement entropy.",
        "positive": "3D loop models and the CP^{n-1} sigma model: Many statistical mechanics problems can be framed in terms of random curves;\nwe consider a class of three-dimensional loop models that are prototypes for\nsuch ensembles. The models show transitions between phases with infinite loops\nand short-loop phases. We map them to $CP^{n-1}$ sigma models, where $n$ is the\nloop fugacity. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we find continuous transitions\nfor $n=1,2,3$, and first order transitions for $n\\geq 5$. The results are\nrelevant to line defects in random media, as well as to Anderson localization\nand $(2+1)$-dimensional quantum magnets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partition function zeros of zeta-urns: We discuss the distribution of partition function zeros for the\ngrand-canonical ensemble of the zeta-urn model, where tuning a single parameter\ncan give a first or any higher order condensation transition. We compute the\nlocus of zeros for finite-size systems and test scaling relations describing\nthe accumulation of zeros near the critical point against theoretical\npredictions for both the first and higher order transition regimes.",
        "positive": "Worm Monte Carlo study of the honeycomb-lattice loop model: We present a Markov-chain Monte Carlo algorithm of \"worm\"type that correctly\nsimulates the O(n) loop model on any (finite and connected) bipartite cubic\ngraph, for any real n>0, and any edge weight, including the fully-packed limit\nof infinite edge weight. Furthermore, we prove rigorously that the algorithm is\nergodic and has the correct stationary distribution. We emphasize that by using\nknown exact mappings when n=2, this algorithm can be used to simulate a number\nof zero-temperature Potts antiferromagnets for which the Wang-Swendsen-Kotecky\ncluster algorithm is non-ergodic, including the 3-state model on the\nkagome-lattice and the 4-state model on the triangular-lattice. We then use\nthis worm algorithm to perform a systematic study of the honeycomb-lattice loop\nmodel as a function of n<2, on the critical line and in the densely-packed and\nfully-packed phases. By comparing our numerical results with Coulomb gas\ntheory, we identify the exact scaling exponents governing some fundamental\ngeometric and dynamic observables. In particular, we show that for all n<2, the\nscaling of a certain return time in the worm dynamics is governed by the\nmagnetic dimension of the loop model, thus providing a concrete dynamical\ninterpretation of this exponent. The case n>2 is also considered, and we\nconfirm the existence of a phase transition in the 3-state Potts universality\nclass that was recently observed via numerical transfer matrix calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Quantum Solutions of Extraordinary N-body Problems: The wave functions of Boson and Fermion gases are known even when the\nparticles have harmonic interactions. Here we generalise these results by\nsolving exactly the N-body Schrodinger equation for potentials V that can be\nany function of the sum of the squares of the distances of the particles from\none another in 3 dimensions. For the harmonic case that function is linear in\nr^2. Explicit N-body solutions are given when U(r) = -2M \\hbar^{-2} V(r) =\n\\zeta r^{-1} - \\zeta_2 r^{-2}. Here M is the sum of the masses and r^2 = 1/2\nM^{-2} Sigma Sigma m_I m_J ({\\bf x}_I - {\\bf x}_J)^2. For general U(r) the\nsolution is given in terms of the one or two body problem with potential U(r)\nin 3 dimensions. The degeneracies of the levels are derived for distinguishable\nparticles, for Bosons of spin zero and for spin 1/2 Fermions. The latter\ninvolve significant combinatorial analysis which may have application to the\nshell model of atomic nuclei. For large N the Fermionic ground state gives the\nbinding energy of a degenerate white dwarf star treated as a giant atom with an\nN-body wave function. The N-body forces involved in these extraordinary N-body\nproblems are not the usual sums of two body interactions, but nor are forces\nbetween quarks or molecules. Bose-Einstein condensation of particles in 3\ndimensions interacting via these strange potentials can be treated by this\nmethod.",
        "positive": "Wave thermalization and its implications for nonequilibrium statistical\n  mechanics: Understanding the rich spatial and temporal structures in nonequilibrium\nthermal environments is a major subject of statistical mechanics. Because\nuniversal laws, based on an ensemble of systems, are mute on an individual\nsystem, exploring nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and the ensuing\nuniversality in individual systems has long been of fundamental interest. Here,\nby adopting the wave description of microscopic motion, and combining the\nrecently developed eigenchannel theory and the mathematical tool of the\nconcentration of measure, we show that in a single complex medium, a universal\nspatial structure - the diffusive steady state - emerges from an overwhelming\nnumber of scattering eigenstates of the wave equation. Our findings suggest a\nnew principle, dubbed \"the wave thermalization\", namely, a propagating wave\nundergoing complex scattering processes can simulate nonequilibrium thermal\nenvironments, and exhibit macroscopic nonequilibrium phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information Flow in Finite Flocks: We simulate the canonical Vicsek model and estimate the flow of information\nas a function of noise (the variability in the extent to which each animal\naligns with its neighbours). We show that the global transfer entropy for\nfinite flocks not only fails to peak near the phase transition, as demonstrated\nfor the canonical 2D Ising model, but remains constant from the transition to\nvery low noise values. This provides a foundation for future study regarding\ninformation flow in more complex models and real-world flocking data.",
        "positive": "Driven-dissipative ising model: mean field solution: We study the fate of the Ising model and its universal properties when driven\nby a rapid periodic drive and weakly coupled to a bath at equilibrium. The far\nfrom equilibrium steady-state regime of the system is accessed by means of a\nFloquet mean field approach. We show that, depending on the details of the\nbath, the drive can strongly renormalize the critical temperature to higher\ntemperatures, modify the critical exponents, or even change the nature of the\nphase transition from second to first order after the emergence of a\ntricritical point. Moreover, by judiciously selecting the frequency of the\nfield and by engineering the spectrum of the bath, one can drive a\nferromagnetic Hamiltonian to an antiferromagnetically ordered phase and\nvice-versa."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground-state phase diagram for a system of interacting, $D(D_3)$\n  non-Abelian anyons: We study an exactly solvable model of $D(D_3)$ non-Abelian anyons on a\none-dimensional lattice with a free coupling parameter in the Hamiltonian. For\ncertain values of the coupling parameter level crossings occur, which divide\nthe ground-state phase diagram into four regions. We obtain explicit\nexpressions for the ground-state energy in each phase, for both closed and open\nchain boundary conditions. For the closed chain case we show that chiral phases\noccur which are characterised by non-zero ground-state momentum.",
        "positive": "Perturbation theory for the one-dimensional trapping reaction: We consider the survival probability of a particle in the presence of a\nfinite number of diffusing traps in one dimension. Since the general solution\nfor this quantity is not known when the number of traps is greater than two, we\ndevise a perturbation series expansion in the diffusion constant of the\nparticle. We calculate the persistence exponent associated with the particle's\nsurvival probability to second order and find that it is characterised by the\nasymmetry in the number of traps initially positioned on each side of the\nparticle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary induced phase transition with stochastic entrance and exit: We study an open-chain totally asymmetric exclusion process (TASEP) with\nstochastic gates present at the two boundaries. The gating dynamics has been\nmodeled keeping the physical system of ion-channel gating in mind. These gates\ncan randomly switch between an open state and a closed state. In the open\nstate, the gates are highly permeable such that any particle arriving at the\ngate immediately passes through. In the closed state, a particle gets trapped\nat the gate and cannot pass through until the gate switches open again. We\ncalculate the phase-diagram of the system and find important and non-trivial\ndifferences with the phase-diagram of a regular open-chain TASEP. In\nparticular, depending on switching rates of the two gates, the system may or\nmay not admit a maximal current phase. Our analytic calculation within\nmean-field theory captures the main qualitative features of our Monte Carlo\nsimulation results. We also perform a refined mean-field calculation where the\ncorrelations at the boundaries are taken into account. This theory shows\nsignificantly better quantitative agreement with our simulation results.",
        "positive": "q-deformed structures and generalized thermodynamics: On the basis of the recently proposed formalism [A. Lavagno and P.N. Swamy,\nPhys. Rev. E 65, 036101 (2002)], we show that the realization of the\nthermostatistics of q-deformed algebra can be built on the formalism of\nq-calculus. It is found that the entire structure of thermodynamics is\npreserved if we use an appropriate Jackson derivative instead of the ordinary\nthermodynamic derivative. Furthermore, in analogy with the quantum q-oscillator\nalgebra, we also investigate a possible q-deformation of the classical Poisson\nbracket in order to extend a generalized q-deformed dynamics in the classical\nregime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multicritical behavior in the fully frustrated XY model and related\n  systems: We study the phase diagram and critical behavior of the two-dimensional\nsquare-lattice fully frustrated XY model (FFXY) and of two related models, a\nlattice discretization of the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson Hamiltonian for the\ncritical modes of the FFXY model, and a coupled Ising-XY model. We present a\nfinite-size-scaling analysis of the results of high-precision Monte Carlo\nsimulations on square lattices L x L, up to L=O(10^3).\n  In the FFXY model and in the other models, when the transitions are\ncontinuous, there are two very close but separate transitions. There is an\nIsing chiral transition characterized by the onset of chiral long-range order\nwhile spins remain paramagnetic. Then, as temperature decreases, the systems\nundergo a Kosterlitz-Thouless spin transition to a phase with quasi-long-range\norder.\n  The FFXY model and the other models in a rather large parameter region show a\ncrossover behavior at the chiral and spin transitions that is universal to some\nextent. We conjecture that this universal behavior is due to a multicritical\npoint. The numerical data suggest that the relevant multicritical point is a\nzero-temperature transition. A possible candidate is the O(4) point that\ncontrols the low-temperature behavior of the 4-vector model.",
        "positive": "Algebraic aspects of the correlation functions of the integrable\n  higher-spin XXZ spin chains with arbitrary entries: We discuss some fundamental properties of the XXZ spin chain, which are\nimportant in the algebraic Bethe-ansatz derivation for the multiple-integral\nrepresentations of the spin-s XXZ correlation function with an arbitrary\nproduct of elementary matrices. For instance, we construct Hermitian conjugate\nvectors in the massless regime and introduce the spin-s Hermitian elementary\nmatrices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tuning the fragility of a glassforming liquid by curving space: We investigate the influence of space curvature, and of the associated\n\"frustration\", on the dynamics of a model glassformer: a monatomic liquid on\nthe hyperbolic plane. We find that the system's fragility, i.e. the sensitivity\nof the relaxation time to temperature changes, increases as one decreases the\nfrustration. As a result, curving space provides a way to tune fragility and\nmake it as large as wanted. We also show that the nature of the emerging\n\"dynamic heterogeneities\", another distinctive feature of slowly relaxing\nsystems, is directly connected to the presence of frustration-induced\ntopological defects.",
        "positive": "Median and Mode in First Passage under Restart: Restart -- interrupting a stochastic process followed by a new start -- is\nknown to improve the mean time to its completion, and the general conditions\nunder which such an improvement is achieved are now well understood. Here, we\nexplore how restart affects other important metrics of first-passage phenomena,\nnamely the median and the mode of the first-passage time distribution. Our\nanalysis provides a general criterion for when restart lowers the median time,\nand demonstrates that restarting is always helpful in reducing the mode.\nAdditionally, we show that simple non-uniform restart strategies allow to\noptimize the mean and the median first-passage times, regardless of the\ncharacteristic time scales of the underlying process. These findings are\nillustrated with the canonical example of a diffusive search with resetting."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-reciprocal multifarious self-organization: A hallmark of living systems is the ability to employ a common set of\nversatile building blocks that can self-organize into a multitude of different\nstructures, in a way that can be controlled with minimal cost. This capability\ncan only be afforded in non-equilibrium conditions, as evident from the\nenergy-consuming nature of the plethora of such dynamical processes. In the\nlast three decades, synthetic self-assembly has experienced a significant boost\nwith the development of tools to design specific interactions at different\nscales, from nucleic acids and peptides to proteins and colloids. To achieve\nautomated dynamical control of such self-assembled structures and transitions\nbetween them, we need to identify the relevant fundamental aspects of\nnon-equilibrium dynamics that can enable such processes. Here, we identify\nprogrammable non-reciprocal interactions as a potential paradigm using which\nsuch functionalities can be achieved. In particular, we propose a model that\nenables a system to learn and retrieve predetermined desired structures and\ntransition between them, thus behaving as a shape-shifter. The learning rule is\ncomposed of reciprocal interactions that lead to the equilibrium assembly of\nthe structures, and non-reciprocal interactions that give rise to\nnon-equilibrium dynamical transitions between the structures.",
        "positive": "Burgers equation with finite particle correction of the asymmetric\n  simple exclusion process derived from the derivative nonlinear\n  Schr\u00f6dinger equation: We investigate the dynamics of the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP)\non a ring. The ASEP is equivalent to the derivative nonlinear Schr\\\"{o}dinger\nequation (DNLS), which is integrable quantum field theory, in the continuous\nlimit. We derive the Burgers equation with finite particle correction from the\nDNLS and numerically confirm that the obtained Burgers equation describes the\ndynamics of the ASEP at small numbers of particles better than the conventional\nBurgers equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modeling crack propagation in heterogeneous materials: Griffith's law,\n  intrinsic crack resistance and avalanches: Various kinds of heterogeneity in solids including atomistic discreteness\naffect the fracture strength as well as the failure dynamics remarkably. Here\nwe study the effects of an initial crack in a discrete model for fracture in\nheterogeneous materials, known as the fiber bundle model. We find three\ndistinct regimes for fracture dynamics depending on the initial crack size. If\nthe initial crack is smaller than a certain value, it does not affect the\nrupture dynamics and the critical stress. While for a larger initial crack, the\ngrowth of the crack leads to a breakdown of the entire system, and the critical\nstress depends on the crack size in a power-law manner with a nontrivial\nexponent. The exponent, as well as the limiting crack size, depend on the\nstrength of heterogeneity and the range of stress relaxation in the system.",
        "positive": "Super-Radiance and the Unstable Photon Oscillator: If the damping of a simple harmonic oscillator from a thermally random force\nis sufficiently strong, then the oscillator may become unstable. For a photon\noscillator (radiatively damped by electric dipole moments), the instability\nleads to a low temperature Hepp-Lieb-Preparata super-radiant phase transition.\nThe stable oscillator regime is described by the free energy of the\nconventional Casimir effect. The unstable (strongly damped) oscillator has a\nfree energy corresponding to Dicke super-radiance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of black holes: an analogy with glasses: The present equilibrium formulation of thermodynamics for black holes has\nseveral drawbacks, such as assuming the same temperature for black hole and\nheat bath. Recently the author formulated non-equilibrium thermodynamics for\nglassy systems. This approach is applied to black holes, with the cosmic\nbackground temperature being the bath temperature, and the Hawking temperature\nthe internal temperature. Both Hawking evaporation and absorption of background\nradiation are taken into account.\n  It is argued that black holes did not form in the very early universe.",
        "positive": "Non-extensivity in magnetic systems: possible impact on Mossbauer\n  results: Energy positions of pure magnetic transitions in Mossbauer Spectroscopy are\ncalculated using non-extensive approach. It is observed that these new\ncalculated energy positions so obtained, may have strong overlap with those\nenergy positions obtained from combined effect of magnetic and quadrupole\ninteractions using standard statistical physics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work and Efficiency of Quantum Otto Cycles in Power Law Trapping\n  Potentials: We study the performance of a quantum Otto cycle driven by trapping\npotentials of the form $V_t(x) \\sim x^{2q}$. This family of potentials\npossesses a simple scaling property which allows for analytical insights into\nthe efficiency and work output of the cycle. We show that, while both the mean\nwork output and the efficiency of two Otto cycles in different trapping\npotentials can be made equal, the work probability distribution will still be\nstrongly affected by the difference in structure of the energy levels. Lastly,\nwe perform a comparison of quantum Otto cycles in various physically relevant\nscenarios and find that in certain instances, the efficiency of the cycle is\ngreater when using potentials with larger values of $q$, while, in other cases,\nwith harmonic traps.",
        "positive": "Tsallis distributions and 1/f noise from nonlinear stochastic\n  differential equations: Probability distributions which emerge from the formalism of nonextensive\nstatistical mechanics have been applied to a variety of problems. In this paper\nwe unite modeling of such distributions with the model of widespread 1/f noise.\nWe propose a class of nonlinear stochastic differential equations giving both\nthe q-exponential or q-Gaussian distributions of signal intensity, revealing\nlong-range correlations and 1/f^beta behavior of the power spectral density.\nThe superstatistical framework to get 1/f^beta noise with q-exponential and\nq-Gaussian distributions of the signal intensity in is proposed, as well."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Mean-Field Theory for Markovian Open Quantum Many-Body Systems: Open quantum many body systems describe a number of experimental platforms\nrelevant for quantum simulations, ranging from arrays of superconducting\ncircuits to ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Their theoretical\nunderstanding is hampered by their large Hilbert space and by their intrinsic\nnonequilibrium nature, limiting the applicability of many traditional\napproaches. In this work we extend the nonequilibrium bosonic Dynamical Mean\nField Theory (DMFT) to Markovian open quantum systems. Within DMFT, a Lindblad\nmaster equation describing a lattice of dissipative bosonic particles is mapped\nonto an impurity problem describing a single site embedded in its Markovian\nenvironment and coupled to a self-consistent field and to a non-Markovian bath,\nwhere the latter accounts for finite lattice connectivity corrections beyond\nGutzwiller mean-field theory. We develop a non-perturbative approach to solve\nthis bosonic impurity problem, which treats the non-Markovian bath in a\nnon-crossing approximation. As a first application, we address the steady-state\nof a driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model with two-body losses and incoherent\npump. We show that DMFT captures hopping-induced dissipative processes,\ncompletely missed in Gutzwiller mean-field theory, which crucially determine\nthe properties of the normal phase, including the redistribution of\nsteady-state populations, the suppression of local gain and the emergence of a\nstationary quantum-Zeno regime. We argue that these processes compete with\ncoherent hopping to determine the phase transition towards a non-equilibrium\nsuperfluid, leading to a strong renormalization of the phase boundary at\nfinite-connectivity. We show that this transition occurs as a finite-frequency\ninstability, leading to an oscillating-in-time order parameter, that we connect\nwith a quantum many-body synchronization transition of an array of quantum van\nder Pol oscillators.",
        "positive": "Superstatistics of Brownian motion: A comparative study: The dynamics of temperature fluctuations of a gas of Brownian particles in\nlocal equilibrium with a nonequilibrium heat bath, are described using an\napproach consistent with Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics (BG). We use mesoscopic\nnonequilibrium thermodynamics (MNET) to derive a Fokker-Planck equation for the\nprobability distribution in phase space including the local intensive variables\nfluctuations. We contract the description to obtain an effective probability\ndistribution (EPD) from which the mass density, van Hove's function and the\ndynamic structure factor of the system are obtained. The main result is to show\nthat in the long time limit the EPD exhibits a similar behavior as the\nsuperstatistics distribution of nonextensive statistical mechanics (NESM),\ntherfore implying that the coarse-graining procedure is responsible for the so\ncalled nonextensive effects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple closure procedure for the study of velocity autocorrelation\n  functions in fluids as a \"bridge\" between different theoretical approaches: Velocity autocorrelation functions (VAF) of the fluids are studied on short-\nand long-time scales within a unified approach. This approach is based on an\neffective summation of the infinite continued fraction at a reasonable\nassumption about convergence of relaxation times of the high order memory\nfunctions, which have purely kinetic origin. The VAFs obtained within our\nmethod are compared with computer simulation data for the liquid Ne at\ndifferent densities and the results, which follow from the Markovian\napproximation for the highest order kinetic kernels. It is shown that in all\nthe thermodynamic points and at the chosen level of the hierarchy, our results\nagree much better with the MD data than those of the Markovian approximation.\nThe density dependence of the transition time, needed for the fluid to attain\nthe hydrodynamic stage of evolution, is evaluated. The common and distinctive\nfeatures of our method are discussed in their relations to the generalized\ncollective mode (GCM) theory, the mode coupling theory (MCT), and some other\ntheoretical approaches.",
        "positive": "Processed Splitting Algorithms for Rigid-Body Molecular Dynamics\n  Simulations: A new approach for integration of motion in many-body systems of interacting\npolyatomic molecules is proposed. It is based on splitting time propagation of\npseudo-variables in a modified phase space, while the real translational and\norientational coordinates are decoded by processing transformations. This\nallows to overcome the barrier on the order of precision of the integration at\na given number of force-torque evaluations per time step. Testing in dynamics\nof water versus previous methods shows that the obtained algorithms\nsignificantly improve the accuracy of the simulations without extra\ncomputational costs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatio-temporal correlations in models of collective motion ruled by\n  different dynamical laws: Information transfer is an essential factor in determining the robustness of\ncollective behaviour in biological systems with distributed control. The most\ndirect way to study the information transfer mechanisms is to experimentally\ndetect the propagation across the system of a signal triggered by some\nperturbation. However, for field experiments this method is inefficient, as the\npossibilities of the observer to perturb the group are limited and empirical\nobservations must rely on rare natural perturbations. An alternative way is to\nuse spatio-temporal correlations to assess the information transfer mechanism\ndirectly from the spontaneous fluctuations of the system, without the need to\nhave an actual propagating signal on record. We test the approach on ground\ntruth data provided by numerical simulations in three dimensions of two models\nof collective behaviour characterized by very different dynamical equations and\ninformation transfer mechanisms: the classic Vicsek model, describing an\noverdamped noninertial dynamics and the inertial spin model, characterized by\nan un- derdamped inertial dynamics. By using dynamical finite size scaling, we\nshow that spatio-temporal correlations are able to distinguish unambiguously\nthe diffusive information transfer mechanism of the Vicsek model from the\nlinear mechanism of the inertial spin model.",
        "positive": "Evaluation of Dynamic spin structure factor for the spin-1/2 XXZ chain\n  in a magnetic field: Transition rates and dynamic spin structure factor at zero temperature for\nthe spin-1/2 XXZ chain at critical regime in a magnetic field are numerically\nevaluated in terms of the exact determinant representations for the form\nfactors and norms of the Bethe eigenstates. We have seen that the transition\nrates converges toward the constant function with the value 1 in the limit\ndelta -> 0. The observed critical exponent of the singularity at the lower\nboundary is compared with the one predicted from the comformal field theory. We\nconfirm that they are in good agreement. Further we have discovered that a\nsmall peak emerges near the upper boundary in the line shape of S(q,omega) for\n0<delta<1."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glassy features of a Bose Glass: We study a two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model at a zero temperature with\nrandom local potentials in the presence of either uniform or binary disorder.\nMany low-energy metastable configurations are found with virtually the same\nenergy as the ground state. These are characterized by the same blotchy pattern\nof the, in principle, complex nonzero local order parameter as the ground\nstate. Yet, unlike the ground state, each island exhibits an overall random\nindependent phase. The different phases in different coherent islands could\nprovide a further explanation for the lack of coherence observed in experiments\non Bose glasses.",
        "positive": "Velocity and diffusion constant of an active particle in a one\n  dimensional force field: We consider a run an tumble particle with two velocity states $\\pm v_0$, in\nan inhomogeneous force field $f(x)$ in one dimension. We obtain exact formulae\nfor its velocity $V_L$ and diffusion constant $D_L$ for arbitrary periodic\n$f(x)$ of period $L$. They involve the \"active potential\" which allows to\ndefine a global bias. Upon varying parameters, such as an external force $F$,\nthe dynamics undergoes transitions from non-ergodic trapped states, to various\nmoving states, some with non analyticities in the $V_L$ versus $F$ curve. A\nrandom landscape in the presence of a bias leads, for large $L$, to anomalous\ndiffusion $x \\sim t^\\mu$, $\\mu<1$, or to a phase with a finite velocity that we\ncalculate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Motion of condensates in non-Markovian zero-range dynamics: Condensation transition in a non-Markovian zero-range process is studied in\none and higher dimensions. In the mean-field approximation, corresponding to\ninfinite range hopping, the model exhibits condensation with a stationary\ncondensate, as in the Markovian case, but with a modified phase diagram. In the\ncase of nearest-neighbor hopping, the condensate is found to drift by a\n\"slinky\" motion from one site to the next. The mechanism of the drift is\nexplored numerically in detail. A modified model with nearest-neighbor hopping\nwhich allows exact calculation of the steady state is introduced. The steady\nstate of this model is found to be a product measure, and the condensate is\nstationary.",
        "positive": "Duality between predictability and reconstructability in complex systems: Predicting the evolution of a large system of units using its structure of\ninteraction is a fundamental problem in complex system theory. And so is the\nproblem of reconstructing the structure of interaction from temporal\nobservations. Here, we find an intricate relationship between predictability\nand reconstructability using an information-theoretical point of view. We use\nthe mutual information between a random graph and a stochastic process evolving\non this random graph to quantify their codependence. Then, we show how the\nuncertainty coefficients, which are intimately related to that mutual\ninformation, quantify our ability to reconstruct a graph from an observed time\nseries, and our ability to predict the evolution of a process from the\nstructure of its interactions. Interestingly, we find that predictability and\nreconstructability, even though closely connected by the mutual information,\ncan behave differently, even in a dual manner. We prove how such duality\nuniversally emerges when changing the number of steps in the process, and\nprovide numerical evidence of other dualities occurring near the criticality of\nmultiple different processes evolving on different types of structures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Path integral approach to heat in quantum thermodynamics: We study the heat statistics of a quantum Brownian motion described by the\nCaldeira-Leggett model. By using the path integral approach, we introduce a\nnovel concept of the quantum heat functional along every pair of Feynman paths.\nThis approach has an advantage of improving our understanding about heat in\nquantum systems. First, we demonstrate the microscopic reversibility of the\nsystem by connecting the heat functional to the forward and its time-reversed\nprobabilities. Second, we analytically prove the quantum-classical\ncorrespondence of the heat functional and their statistics, which allows us to\nobtain better intuitions about the difference between classical and quantum\nheat.",
        "positive": "Mixing properties of growing networks and the Simpson's paradox: We analyze the mixing properties of growing networks and find that, in some\ncases, the assortativity patterns are reversed once links' direction is\nconsidered: the disassortative behavior observed in such networks is a spurious\neffect, and a careful analysis reveals genuine positive correlations. We prove\nour claim by analytical calculations and numerical simulations for two classes\nof models based on preferential attachment and fitness. Such counterintuitive\nphenomenon is a manifestation of the well known Simpson's paradox. Results\nconcerning mixing patterns may have important consequences, since they reflect\non structural properties as resilience, epidemic spreading and synchronization.\nOur findings suggest that a more detailed analysis of real directed networks,\nsuch as the World Wide Web, is needed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions in Ising model on a Euclidean network: A one dimensional network on which there are long range bonds at lattice\ndistances $l>1$ with the probability $P(l) \\propto l^{-\\delta}$ has been taken\nunder consideration. We investigate the critical behavior of the Ising model on\nsuch a network where spins interact with these extra neighbours apart from\ntheir nearest neighbours for $0 \\leq \\delta < 2$. It is observed that there is\na finite temperature phase transition in the entire range. For $0 \\leq \\delta <\n1$, finite size scaling behaviour of various quantities are consistent with\nmean field exponents while for $1\\leq \\delta\\leq 2$, the exponents depend on\n$\\delta$. The results are discussed in the context of earlier observations on\nthe topology of the underlying network.",
        "positive": "Interrupted coarsening in a driven kinetically constrained Ising chain: We introduce a driven version of the 1D kinetically constrained spin chain.\nIn its original undriven version, this model shows anomalous coarsening\nfollowing a quench to a low temperature, with an equilibration time that\ndiverges as exp(1/T^2) for T\\to 0. We show that driving of constant rate\ngamma_dot interrupts coarsening and stabilises the chain in a state analogous\nto that of a coarsening chain of age 1/gamma_dot. We present an analytical\ntheory for this steady state, and demonstrate it to be in excellent agreement\nwith our simulation results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tricritical behaviour of the frustrated Ising antiferromagnet on the\n  honeycomb lattice: We use the effective-field theory with correlations based on different\ncluster sizes to investigate phase diagrams of the frustrated Ising\nantiferromagnet on the honeycomb lattice with isotropic interactions of the\nstrength $J_1 < 0$ between nearest-neighbour pairs and $J_2 < 0$ between\nnext-nearest neighbour pairs of spins. We present results for the ground-state\nenergy as a function of the frustration parameter $R = J_2 /|J_1|$. We find\nthat the cluster-size has a considerable effect on the existence and location\nof a tricritical point in the phase diagram at which the phase transition\nchanges from the second order to the first one.",
        "positive": "Time evolution of nonadditive entropies: The logistic map: Due to the second principle of thermodynamics, the time dependence of entropy\nfor all kinds of systems under all kinds of physical circumstances always\nthrives interest. The logistic map $x_{t+1}=1-a x_t^2 \\in [-1,1]\\;(a\\in [0,2])$\nis neither large, since it has only one degree of freedom, nor closed, since it\nis dissipative. It exhibits, nevertheless, a peculiar time evolution of its\nnatural entropy, which is the additive Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon one,\n$S_{BG}=-\\sum_{i=1}^W p_i \\ln p_i$, for all values of $a$ for which the\nLyapunov exponent is positive, and the nonadditive one $S_q=\n\\frac{1-\\sum_{i=1}^W p_i^q}{q-1}$ with $q=0.2445\\dots$ at the edge of chaos,\nwhere the Lyapunov exponent vanishes, $W$ being the number of windows of the\nphase space partition. We numerically show that, for increasing time, the\nphase-space-averaged entropy overshoots above its stationary-state value in all\ncases. However, when $W\\to\\infty$, the overshooting gradually disappears for\nthe most chaotic case ($a=2$), whereas, in remarkable contrast, it appears to\nmonotonically diverge at the Feigenbaum point ($a=1.4011\\dots$). Consequently,\nthe stationary-state entropy value is achieved from {\\it above}, instead of\nfrom {\\it below}, as it could have been a priori expected. These results raise\nthe question whether the usual requirements -- large, closed, and for generic\ninitial conditions -- for the second principle validity might be necessary but\nnot sufficient."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pareto optimal fronts of kinetic proofreading: Biological processes such as DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein\ntranslation show remarkable speed and accuracy in selecting the right substrate\nfrom pools of chemically identical molecules. This result is obtained by\nnonequilibrium reactions that dissipate chemical energy. It is widely\nrecognized that there must be a trade-off between speed, error, and dissipation\ncharacterizing these systems. In this paper, we quantify the trade-off between\nspeed, error, and dissipation using tools from mathematical optimization\ntheory. We characterize the Pareto optimal front for two paradigmatic models of\nbiological error correction: Hopfield's kinetic proofreading model and a\nribosome model. We find that error correction processes with more proofreading\nsteps are characterized by better trade-offs. Furthermore, we identify scaling\nrelations between speed, accuracy, and dissipation on the Pareto front.",
        "positive": "Unconventional low temperature features in the one-dimensional\n  frustrated $q$-state Potts model: Here we consider a one-dimensional $q$-state Potts model with an external\nmagnetic field and an anisotropic interaction that selects neighboring sites\nthat are in the spin state 1. The present model exhibits an unusual behavior in\nthe low-temperature region, where we observe an anomalous vigorous change in\nthe entropy for a given temperature. There is a steep behavior at a given\ntemperature in entropy as a function of temperature, quite similar to\nfirst-order discontinuity, but there is no jump in the entropy. Similarly,\nsecond derivative quantities like specific heat and magnetic susceptibility\nalso exhibit a strong acute peak rather similar to second-order phase\ntransition divergence, but once again there is no singularity at this point.\nCorrelation length also confirms this anomalous behavior at the same given\ntemperature, showing a strong and sharp peak which easily one may confuse with\na divergence. The temperature where occurs this anomalous feature we call\npseudo-critical temperature. We have analyzed physical quantities, like\ncorrelation length, entropy, magnetization, specific heat, magnetic\nsusceptibility, and distant pair correlation functions. Furthermore, we analyze\nthe pseudo-critical exponent that satisfy a class of universality previously\nidentified in the literature for other one-dimensional models, these\npseudo-critical exponents are: for correlation length $\\nu=1$, specific heat\n$\\alpha=3$ and magnetic susceptibility $\\mu=3$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Out-of-equilibrium fluctuations in stochastic long-range interacting\n  systems: For a many-particle system with long-range interactions and evolving under\nstochastic dynamics, we study for the first time the out-of-equilibrium\nfluctuations of the work done on the system by a time-dependent external force.\nFor equilibrium initial conditions, the work distributions for a given protocol\nof variation of the force in time and the corresponding time-reversed protocol\nexhibit a remarkable scaling and a symmetry when expressed in terms of the\naverage and the standard deviation of the work. The distributions of the work\nper particle predict, by virtue of the Crooks fluctuation theorem, the\nequilibrium free-energy density of the system. For a large number $N$ of\nparticles, the latter is in excellent agreement with the value computed by\nconsidering the Langevin dynamics of a single particle in a self-consistent\nmean field generated by its interaction with other particles. The agreement\nhighlights the effective mean-field nature of the original many-particle\ndynamics for large $N$. For initial conditions in non-equilibrium steady states\n(NESSs), we study the distribution of a quantity similar to dissipated work\nthat satisfies the non-equilibrium generalization of the Clausius inequality,\nnamely, the Hatano-Sasa equality, for transitions between NESSs. Besides\nillustrating the validity of the equality, we show that the distribution has\nexponential tails that decay differently on the left and on the right.",
        "positive": "Nearest-neigbor spacing distributions of the beta-Hermite ensemble of\n  random matrices: The distributions of the spacing s between nearest-neighbor levels of\nunfolded spectra of random matrices from the beta-Hermite ensemble (beta-HE) is\ninvestigated by Monte Carlo simulations. The random matrices from the beta-HE\nare real-symmetric and tridiagonal where beta, which can take any positive\nvalue, is the reciprocal of the temperature in the classical electrostatic\ninterpretation of eigenvalues. Generalized gamma distributions are shown to be\nexcellent approximations of the nearest-neighbor spacing (NNS) distributions\nfor any beta while being still simple. They account both for the level\nrepulsion when s tends to zero and for the whole shape of the NNS distributions\nin the range of s which is accessible to experiment or to most numerical\nsimulations. The exact NNS distribution of the GOE (beta=1) is in particular\nsignificantly better described by a generalized gamma distribution than it is\nby the Wigner surmise while the best generalized gamma approximation coincides\nessentially with the Wigner surmise for beta larger than ~2. The distributions\nof the minimum NN spacing between eigenvalues of matrices from the beta-HE,\nobtained both from as-calculated eigenvalues and from unfolded eigenvalues are\nBrody distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation and Dissolution of Borromean Networks: Inspired by experiments on topologically linked DNA networks, we consider the\nconnectivity of Borromean networks, in which no two rings share a\npairwise-link, but groups of three rings form inseparable triplets.\nSpecifically, we focus on square lattices at which each node is embedded a loop\nwhich forms a Borromean link with pairs of its nearest neighbors. By mapping\nthe Borromean link network onto a lattice representation, we investigate the\npercolation threshold of these networks, (the fraction of occupied nodes\nrequired for a giant component), as well as the dissolution properties: the\nspectrum of topological links that would be released if the network were\ndissolved to varying degrees. We find that the percolation threshold of the\nBorromean square lattice occurs when approximately 60.75\\% of nodes are\noccupied, slightly higher than the 59.27\\% typical of a square lattice.\nCompared to the dissolution of Hopf-linked networks, a dissolved Borromean\nnetwork will yield more isolated loops, and fewer isolated triplets per single\nloop. Our simulation results may be used to predict experiments from Borromean\nstructures produced by synthetic chemistry.",
        "positive": "Pure Glass in Finite Dimensions: Pure glass is defined as a thermodynamic phase in which typical equilibrium\nparticle configurations have macroscopic overlaps with one of some special\nirregular configurations. By employing 128-types of artificial molecules, a\npure glass model is constructed in the cubic lattice. It is demonstrated that\none-step replica symmetry breaking occurs in the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stability criteria for q-expectation values: In statistical physics lately a specific kind of average, called the\nq-expectation value, has been extensively used in the context of q-generalized\nstatistics dealing with distributions following power-laws. In this context\nq-expectation values appear naturally. After it has been recently shown that\nthis non-linear functional is instable, under a very strong notion of\nstability, it is therefore of high interest to know sufficient conditions for\nwhen the results of q-expectations are robust under small variations of the\nunderlying distribution function. We show that reasonable restrictions on the\ndomain of admissible probability distributions restore uniform continuity for\nthe q-expectation. Bounds on the size of admissible variations can be given.\nThe practical usefulness of the theorems for estimating the robustness of the\nq-expectation value with respect to small variations is discussed.",
        "positive": "Exact Results for First-Passage-Time Statistics in Biased Quenched Trap\n  Models: We provide exact results for the mean and variance of first-passage times\n(FPTs) of making a directed revolution in the presence of a bias in\nheterogeneous quenched environments where the disorder is expressed by random\ntraps on a ring with period $L$. FPT statistics are crucially affected by the\ndisorder realization. In the large-$L$ limit, we obtain exact formulae for the\nFPT statistics, which are described by the sample mean and variance for waiting\ntimes of periodically arranged traps. Furthermore, we find that these formulae\nare still useful for nonperiodic heterogeneous environments; i.e, the results\nare valid for almost all disorder realizations. Our findings are fundamentally\nimportant for the application of FPT to estimate diffusivity of a heterogeneous\nenvironment under a bias."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Internal temperature of quantum chaotic systems at the nanoscale and its\n  detection by a microscopic thermometer: The extent to which a temperature can be appropriately assigned to a small\nquantum system, as an internal property but not as a property of any large\nenvironment, is still an open problem. In this paper, a method is proposed for\nsolving this problem, by which a studied system is coupled to a two-level\nsystem (probe) as a microscopic thermometer. For small quantum chaotic systems,\nwe show that a temperature can be determined, the value of which is sensitive\nto neither the form, location, and strength of the probe-system coupling, nor\nthe Hamiltonian and initial state of the probe. This temperature turns out to\nhave the form of Boltzmann temperature.",
        "positive": "Non-local meta-conformal invariance in diffusion-limited erosion: The non-stationary relaxation and physical ageing in the diffusion-limited\nerosion process ({\\sc dle}) is studied through the exact solution of its\nLangevin equation, in $d$ spatial dimensions. The dynamical exponent $z=1$, the\ngrowth exponent $\\beta=\\max(0,(1-d)/2)$ and the ageing exponents $a=b=d-1$ and\n$\\lambda_C=\\lambda_R=d$ are found. In $d=1$ spatial dimension, a new\nrepresentation of the meta-conformal Lie algebra, isomorphic to\n$\\mathfrak{sl}(2,\\mathbb{R})\\oplus\\mathfrak{sl}(2,\\mathbb{R})$, acts as a\ndynamical symmetry of the noise-averaged {\\sc dle} Langevin equation. Its\ninfinitesimal generators are non-local in space. The exact form of the full\ntime-space dependence of the two-time response function of {\\sc dle} is\nreproduced for $d=1$ from this symmetry. The relationship to the\nterrace-step-kink model of vicinal surfaces is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation between avalanches and emitted energies during fracture with\n  variable stress release range: We observe the failure process of a fiber bundle model with a variable stress\nrelease range, $\\gamma$, higher the value of $\\gamma$ lower the stress release\nrange. By tuning $\\gamma$ from low to high, it is possible to go from the\nmean-field (MF) limit of the model to local load sharing (LLS) where local\nstress concentration plays a crucial role. In the MF limit, the avalanche size\n$s$ and energy $E$ emitted during the avalanche are highly correlated producing\nthe same distribution for both $P(s)$ and $Q(E)$: a scale-free distribution\nwith a universal exponent -5/2. With increasing $\\gamma$, the model enters the\nLLS limit. In this limit, due to the presence of local stress concentration\nsuch correlation $C(\\gamma)$ between $s$ and $E$ decreases where the nature of\nthe decreases depends highly on the dimension of the bundle. In 1d, the\n$C(\\gamma)$ stars from a high value for low $\\gamma$ and decreases towards zero\nwhen $\\gamma$ is increased. As a result, $Q(E)$ and $P(s)$ are similar at low\n$\\gamma$, an exponential one, and then $Q(E)$ becomes power-law for high-stress\nrelease range though $P(s)$ remains exponential. On the other hand, in 2d, the\n$C(\\gamma)$ decreases slightly with $\\gamma$ but remains at a high value. Due\nto such a high correlation, the distribution of both $s$ and $E$ is exponential\nin the LLS limit independent of how large $\\gamma$ is.",
        "positive": "Functional renormalization group in the broken symmetry phase: momentum\n  dependence and two-parameter scaling of the self-energy: We include spontaneous symmetry breaking into the functional renormalization\ngroup (RG) equations for the irreducible vertices of Ginzburg-Landau theories\nby augmenting these equations by a flow equation for the order parameter, which\nis determined from the requirement that at each RG step the vertex with one\nexternal leg vanishes identically. Using this strategy, we propose a simple\ntruncation of the coupled RG flow equations for the vertices in the broken\nsymmetry phase of the Ising universality class in D dimensions. Our truncation\nyields the full momentum dependence of the self-energy Sigma (k) and\ninterpolates between lowest order perturbation theory at large momenta k and\nthe critical scaling regime for small k. Close to the critical point, our\nmethod yields the self-energy in the scaling form Sigma (k) = k_c^2 sigma^{-}\n(k | xi, k / k_c), where xi is the order parameter correlation length, k_c is\nthe Ginzburg scale, and sigma^{-} (x, y) is a dimensionless two-parameter\nscaling function for the broken symmetry phase which we explicitly calculate\nwithin our truncation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Tasaki-Crooks quantum fluctuation theorem: Starting out from the recently established quantum correlation function\nexpression of the characteristic function for the work performed by a force\nprotocol on the system [cond-mat/0703213] the quantum version of the Crooks\nfluctuation theorem is shown to emerge almost immediately by the mere\napplication of an inverse Fourier transformation.",
        "positive": "Liquid-vapor transition from a microscopic theory: Beyond the Maxwell\n  construction: A smooth cut-off formulation of the Hierarchical Reference Theory (HRT) is\ndeveloped and applied to a Yukawa fluid. The HRT equations are derived and\nnumerically solved leading to: the expected renormalization group structure in\nthe critical region, non classical critical exponents and scaling laws, a\nconvex free energy in the whole phase diagram (including the two-phase region),\nfinite compressibility at coexistence, together with a fully satisfactory\ncomparison with available numerical simulations. This theory, which also\nguarantees the correct short range behavior of two body correlations,\nrepresents a major improvement over the existing liquid state theories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Longtime Dynamics in Dense Simple Fluids: There appears to be a longtime, very slowly evolving state in dense simple\nfluids which, for high enough density, approaches a glassy nonergodic state.\nThe nature of the nonergodic state can be characterized by the associated\nstatic equilibrium state. In particular, systems driven by Smoluchowski or\nNewtonian dynamics share the same static equilibrium and nonergodic states.\nThat these systems share the same nonergodic states is a highly nontrivial\nstatement and requires establishing a number of results. In the high-density\nregime one finds that an equilibrating system decays via a three-step process\nidentified in mode-coupling theory (MCT). For densities greater than a critical\ndensity one has time-power-law decay with exponents a and b. There are sets of\nlinear fluctuation dissipation relations (FDRs) which connect the cumulants of\nthese two fields. The form of the FDRs is the same for both Smoluchowski or\nNewtonian dynamics. While we show this universality of nonergodic states within\nperturbation theory, we expect it to be true more generally.\n  The nature of the approach to the nonergodic state has been suggested by MCT.\nIt has been a point of contention that MCT is a phenomenological theory and not\na systematic theory with prospects for improvement. Recently a systematic\ntheory has been developed. It naturally allows one to calculate\nself-consistently density cumulants in a perturbation expansion in a\npseudo-potential. At leading order one obtains a kinetic kernel quadratic in\nthe density. This is a \"one-loop\" theory like MCT. At this one-loop level one\nfinds vertex corrections which depend on the three-point equilibrium cumulants.\nHere we assume these vertex-corrections can be ignored and focus on the\nhigher-order loops. We show that one can sum up all of the loop contributions.\nThe higher-order loops do not change the nonergodic state parameters\nsubstantially.",
        "positive": "Heterogeneous nucleation near a metastable vapour-liquid transition: the\n  effect of wetting transitions: Phase transformations such as freezing typically start with heterogeneous\nnucleation. Heterogeneous nucleation near a wetting transition, of a\ncrystalline phase is studied. The wetting transition occurs at or near a\nvapour-liquid transition which occurs in a metastable fluid. The fluid is\nmetastable with respect to crystallisation, and it is the crystallisation of\nthis fluid phase that we are interested in. At a wetting transition a thick\nlayer of a liquid phase forms at a surface in contact with the vapour phase.\nThe crystalline nucleus is then immersed in this liquid layer, which reduces\nthe free energy barrier to nucleation and so dramatically increases the\nnucleation rate. The variation in the rate of heterogeneous nucleation close to\nwetting transitions is calculated for systems in which the longest-range forces\nare dispersion forces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Guiding Principle for Minor-Embedding in Simulated-Annealing-Based Ising\n  Machines: We propose a novel type of minor-embedding (ME) in simulated-annealing-based\nIsing machines. The Ising machines can solve combinatorial optimization\nproblems. Many combinatorial optimization problems are mapped to find the\nground (lowest-energy) state of the logical Ising model. When connectivity is\nrestricted on Ising machines, ME is required for mapping from the logical Ising\nmodel to a physical Ising model, which corresponds to a specific Ising machine.\nHerein we discuss the guiding principle of ME design to achieve a high\nperformance in Ising machines. We derive the proposed ME based on a theoretical\nargument of statistical mechanics. The performance of the proposed ME is\ncompared with two existing types of MEs for different benchmarking problems.\nSimulated annealing shows that the proposed ME outperforms existing MEs for all\nbenchmarking problems, especially when the distribution of the degree in a\nlogical Ising model has a large standard deviation. This study validates the\nguiding principle of using statistical mechanics for ME to realize fast and\nhigh-precision solvers for combinatorial optimization problems.",
        "positive": "On the logarithmic oscillator as a thermostat: Campisi, Zhan, Talkner and H\\\"anggi have recently proposed [Campisi] the use\nof the logarithmic oscillator as an ideal Hamiltonian thermostat, both in\nsimulations and actual experiments. However, the system exhibits several\ntheoretical drawbacks which must be addressed if this thermostat is to be\nimplemented effectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The travelling salesman problem on randomly diluted lattices: results\n  for small-size systems: If one places N cities randomly on a lattice of size L, we find that the\nnormalized optimal travel distances per city in the Euclidean and Manhattan\nmetrics vary monotonically with the city concentration p. We have studied such\noptimal tours for visiting all the cities using a branch and bound algorithm,\ngiving exact optimized tours for small system sizes (N<100). Extrapolating the\nresults for N tending to infinity, we find that the normalized optimal travel\ndistances per city in the Euclidean and Manhattan metrics both equal unity for\np=1, and they reduce to about 0.74 and 0.94, respectively, as p tends to zero.\nAlthough the problem is trivial for p=1, it certainly reduces to the standard\nTSP on continuum (NP-hard problem) for p tending to zero. We did not observe\nany irregular behaviour at any intermediate point. The crossover from the\ntriviality to the NP-hard problem seems to occur at p=1.",
        "positive": "Quantum echoes in classical and semiclassical statistical treatments: Some quantal systems require only a small part of the full quantum theory for\ntheir analysis in classical terms. In such understanding we review some recent\nliterature on semiclassical treatments.\n  An analysis of it allows one to see that some important quantum features of\nthe harmonic oscillator can indeed be already encountered at the classical or\nsemiclassical statistical levels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Decay Rate of the False Vacuum: The finite size theory of metastability in a quartic potential is developed\nby the semiclassical path integral method. In the quantum regime, the relation\nbetween temperature and classical particle energy is found in terms of the\nfirst complete elliptic integral. At the sphaleron energy, the criterion which\ndefines the extension of the quantum regime is recovered. Within the latter,\nthe temperature effects on the fluctuation spectrum are evaluated by the\nfunctional determinants method and computed. The eigenvalue which causes\nmetastability is determined as a function of size/temperature by solving a\nLam\\`{e} equation. The ground state lifetime shows remarkable deviations with\nrespect to the result of the infinite size theory.",
        "positive": "Number Fluctuation in an interacting trapped gas in one and two\n  dimensions: It is well-known that the number fluctuation in the grand canonical ensemble,\nwhich is directly proportional to the compressibility, diverges for an ideal\nbose gas as T -> 0. We show that this divergence is removed when the atoms\ninteract in one dimension through an inverse square two-body interaction. In\ntwo dimensions, similar results are obtained using a self-consistent\nThomas-Fermi (TF) model for a repulsive zero-range interaction. Both models may\nbe mapped on to a system of non-interacting particles obeying the Haldane-Wu\nexclusion statistics. We also calculate the number fluctuation from the ground\nstate of the gas in these interacting models, and compare the grand canonical\nresults with those obtained from the canonical ensemble."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Heumann-Hotzel model for aging revisited: Since its proposition in 1995, the Heumann-Hotzel model has remained as an\nobscure model of biological aging. The main arguments used against it were its\napparent inability to describe populations with many age intervals and its\nfailure to prevent a population extinction when only deleterious mutations are\npresent. We find that with a simple and minor change in the model these\ndifficulties can be surmounted. Our numerical simulations show a plethora of\ninteresting features: the catastrophic senescence, the Gompertz law and that\npostponing the reproduction increases the survival probability, as has already\nbeen experimentally confirmed for the Drosophila fly.",
        "positive": "Specific interface area and self-stirring in a two-liquid system\n  experiencing intense interfacial boiling below the bulk boiling temperatures\n  of both components: We present an approach to theoretical assessment of the mean specific\ninterface area $(\\delta{S}/\\delta{V})$ for a well-stirred system of two\nimmiscible liquids experiencing interfacial boiling. The assessment is based on\nthe balance of transformations of mechanical energy and the laws of the\nmomentum and heat transfer in the turbulent boundary layer. The theory yields\nrelations between the specific interface area and the characteristics of the\nsystem state. In particular, this allows us to derive the equations of\nself-cooling dynamics of the system in the absence of external heat supply. The\nresults provide possibility for constructing a self-contained mathematical\ndescription of the process of interfacial boiling. In this study, we assume the\nvolume fractions of two components to be similar as well as the values of their\nkinematic viscosity and molecular heat diffusivity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generally covariant state-dependent diffusion: Statistical invariance of Wiener increments under SO(n) rotations provides a\nnotion of gauge transformation of state-dependent Brownian motion. We show that\nthe stochastic dynamics of non gauge-invariant systems is not unambiguously\ndefined. They typically do not relax to equilibrium steady states even in the\nabsence of extenal forces. Assuming both coordinate covariance and gauge\ninvariance, we derive a second-order Langevin equation with state-dependent\ndiffusion matrix and vanishing environmental forces. It differs from previous\nproposals but nevertheless entails the Einstein relation, a Maxwellian\nconditional steady state for the velocities, and the equipartition theorem. The\nover-damping limit leads to a stochastic differential equation in state space\nthat cannot be interpreted as a pure differential (Ito, Stratonovich or else).\nAt odds with the latter interpretations, the corresponding Fokker-Planck\nequation admits an equilibrium steady state; a detailed comparison with other\ntheories of state-dependent diffusion is carried out. We propose this as a\ntheory of diffusion in a heat bath with varying temperature. Besides\nequilibrium, a crucial experimental signature is the non-uniform steady spatial\ndistribution.",
        "positive": "Non-extensivity of the configurational density distribution in the\n  classical microcanonical ensemble: We show that the configurational probability distribution of a classical gas\nalways belongs to the q-exponential family. Hence, the configurational\nsubsystem is non-extensive in the sense of Tsallis. One of the consequences of\nthis observation is that the thermodynamics of the configurational subsystem is\nuniquely determined up to a scaling function. As an example we consider a\nsystem of non-interacting harmonic oscillators. In this example, the scaling\nfunction can be determined from the requirement that in the limit of large\nsystems the microcanonical temperature of the configurational subsystem should\ncoincide with that of the canonical ensemble. The result suggests that Renyi's\nentropy function is the relevant one rather than that of Tsallis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Ballistic Annihilation and Coalescence: We study a class of stochastic ballistic annihilation and coalescence models\nwith a binary velocity distribution in one dimension. We obtain an exact\nsolution for the density which reveals a universal phase diagram for the\nasymptotic density decay. By universal we mean that all models in the class are\ndescribed by a single phase diagram spanned by two reduced parameters. The\nphase diagram reveals four regimes, two of which contain the previously studied\ncases of ballistic annihilation. The two new phases are a direct consequence of\nthe stochasticity. The solution is obtained through a matrix product approach\nand builds on properties of a q-deformed harmonic oscillator algebra.",
        "positive": "Universality and non-universality of mobility in heterogeneous\n  single-file systems and Rouse chains: We study analytically the tracer particle mobility in single-file systems\nwith distributed friction constants. Our system serves as a prototype for\nnon-equilibrium, heterogeneous, strongly interacting Brownian systems. The long\ntime dynamics for such a single-file setup belongs to the same universality\nclass as the Rouse model with dissimilar beads. The friction constants are\ndrawn from a density $\\varrho(\\xi)$ and we derive an asymptotically exact\nsolution for the mobility distribution $P[\\mu_0(s)]$, where $\\mu_0(s)$ is the\nLaplace-space mobility. If $\\varrho$ is light-tailed (first moment exists) we\nfind a self-averaging behaviour: $P[\\mu_0(s)]=\\delta[\\mu_0(s)-\\mu(s)]$ with\n$\\mu(s)\\propto s^{1/2}$. When $\\varrho(\\xi)$ is heavy-tailed,\n$\\varrho(\\xi)\\simeq \\xi^{-1-\\alpha} \\ (0<\\alpha<1)$ for large $\\xi$ we obtain\nmoments $\\langle [\\mu_s(0)]^n\\rangle \\propto s^{\\beta n}$ where\n$\\beta=1/(1+\\alpha)$ and no self-averaging. The results are corroborated by\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Order parameter configurations in the Lifshitz-type incommensurate\n  ferroelectric thin films: The Dzialoshinskii model of periodic and helicoidal structures has been\nanalyzed without neglecting of the amplitude function oscillations. The\namplitude function oscillations are shown to be important for understanding of\nthe nature of the phase function. Analytic consideration is carried out in the\nlimit of small anisotropy (neglecting the cosine term in the Hamiltonian).\nSurprisingly, the phase jumps survive even in the limit of the vanishing\nanisotropy.",
        "positive": "Charges and currents in quantum spin chains: late-time dynamics and\n  spontaneous currents: We review the structure of the conservation laws in noninteracting spin\nchains and unveil a formal expression for the corresponding currents. We\nbriefly discuss how interactions affect the picture. In the second part, we\nexplore the effects of a localized defect. We show that the emergence of\nspontaneous currents near the defect undermines any description of the\nlate-time dynamics by means of a stationary state in a finite chain. In\nparticular, the diagonal ensemble does not work. Finally, we provide numerical\nevidence that simple generic localized defects are not sufficient to induce\nthermalization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hamiltonian and Godunov Structures of the Grad Hierarchy: The time evolution governed by the Boltzmann kinetic equation is compatible\nwith mechanics and thermodynamics. The former compatibility is mathematically\nexpressed in the Hamiltonian and Godunov structures, the latter in the\nstructure of gradient dynamics guaranteeing the growth of entropy and\nconsequently the approach to equilibrium. We carry all three structures to the\nGrad reformulation of the Boltzmann equation (to the Grad hierarchy). First, we\nrecognize the structures in the infinite Grad hierarchy and then in several\nexamples of finite hierarchies representing extended hydrodynamic equations. In\nthe context of Grad's hierarchies we also investigate relations between\nHamiltonian and Godunov structures.",
        "positive": "Roughening and preroughening transitions in crystal surfaces with\n  double-height steps: We investigate phase transitions in a solid-on-solid model where\ndouble-height steps as well as single-height steps are allowed. Without the\ndouble-height steps, repulsive interactions between up-up or down-down step\npairs give rise to a disordered flat phase. When the double-height steps are\nallowed, two single-height steps can merge into a double-height step (step\ndoubling). We find that the step doubling reduces repulsive interaction\nstrength between single-height steps and that the disordered flat phase is\nsuppressed. As a control parameter a step doubling energy is introduced, which\nis assigned to each step doubling vertex. From transfer matrix type\nfinite-size-scaling studies of interface free energies, we obtain the phase\ndiagram in the parameter space of the step energy, the interaction energy, and\nthe step doubling energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complex-temperature phase diagram of Potts and RSOS models: We study the phase diagram of Q-state Potts models, for Q=4 cos^2(PI/p) a\nBeraha number (p>2 integer), in the complex-temperature plane. The models are\ndefined on L x N strips of the square or triangular lattice, with boundary\nconditions on the Potts spins that are periodic in the longitudinal (N)\ndirection and free or fixed in the transverse (L) direction. The relevant\npartition functions can then be computed as sums over partition functions of an\nA\\_{p-1} type RSOS model, thus making contact with the theory of quantum\ngroups. We compute the accumulation sets, as N -> infinity, of partition\nfunction zeros for p=4,5,6,infinity and L=2,3,4 and study selected features for\np>6 and/or L>4. This information enables us to formulate several conjectures\nabout the thermodynamic limit, L -> infinity, of these accumulation sets. The\nresulting phase diagrams are quite different from those of the generic case\n(irrational p). For free transverse boundary conditions, the partition function\nzeros are found to be dense in large parts of the complex plane, even for the\nIsing model (p=4). We show how this feature is modified by taking fixed\ntransverse boundary conditions.",
        "positive": "Interplay of local hydrogen-bonding and long-ranged dipolar forces in\n  simulations of confined water: Spherical truncations of Coulomb interactions in standard models for water\npermit efficient molecular simulations and can give remarkably accurate results\nfor the structure of the uniform liquid. However truncations are known to\nproduce significant errors in nonuniform systems, particularly for\nelectrostatic properties. Local molecular field (LMF) theory corrects such\ntruncations by use of an effective or restructured electrostatic potential that\naccounts for effects of the remaining long-ranged interactions through a\ndensity-weighted mean field average and satisfies a modified Poisson's equation\ndefined with a Gaussian-smoothed charge density. We apply LMF theory to three\nsimple molecular systems that exhibit different aspects of the failure of a\nnaive application of spherical truncations -- water confined between\nhydrophobic walls, water confined between atomically-corrugated hydrophilic\nwalls, and water confined between hydrophobic walls with an applied electric\nfield. Spherical truncations of 1/r fail spectacularly for the final system in\nparticular, and LMF theory corrects the failings for all three. Further, LMF\ntheory provides a more intuitive way to understand the balance between local\nhydrogen bonding and longer-ranged electrostatics in molecular simulations\ninvolving water."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On a simple derivation of the very low damping escape rate for classical\n  spins by modifying the method of Kramers: The original perturbative Kramers' method (starting from the phase space\ncoordinates) (Kramers, 1940) of determining the energy-controlled-diffusion\nequation for Newtonian particles with separable and additive Hamiltonians is\ngeneralized to yield the energy-controlled diffusion equation and thus the very\nlow damping (VLD) escape rate including spin-transfer torque for classical\ngiant magnetic spins with two degrees of freedom. These have dynamics governed\nby the magnetic Langevin and Fokker-Planck equations and thus are generally\nbased on non-separable and non-additive Hamiltonians. The derivation of the VLD\nescape rate directly from the (magnetic) Fokker-Planck equation for the surface\ndistribution of magnetization orientations in the configuration space of the\npolar and azimuthal angles $(\\vartheta, \\varphi)$ is much simpler than those\npreviously used.",
        "positive": "Parallelized event chain algorithm for dense hard sphere and polymer\n  systems: We combine parallelization and cluster Monte Carlo for hard sphere systems\nand present a parallelized event chain algorithm for the hard disk system in\ntwo dimensions. For parallelization we use a spatial partitioning approach into\nsimulation cells. We find that it is crucial for correctness to ensure detailed\nbalance on the level of Monte Carlo sweeps by drawing the starting sphere of\nevent chains within each simulation cell with replacement. We analyze the\nperformance gains for the parallelized event chain and find a criterion for an\noptimal degree of parallelization. Because of the cluster nature of event chain\nmoves massive parallelization will not be optimal. Finally, we discuss first\napplications of the event chain algorithm to dense polymer systems, i.e.,\nbundle-forming solutions of attractive semiflexible polymers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization and Coarsening (without SOC) in a Forest-Fire Model: We study the long-time dynamics of a forest-fire model with deterministic\ntree growth and instantaneous burning of entire forests by stochastic lightning\nstrikes. Asymptotically the system organizes into a coarsening self-similar\nmosaic of synchronized patches within which trees regrow and burn\nsimultaneously. We show that the average patch length <L> grows linearly with\ntime as t-->oo. The number density of patches of length L, N(L,t), scales as\n<L>^{-2}M(L/<L>), and within a mean-field rate equation description we find\nthat this scaling function decays as e^{-1/x} for x-->0, and as e^{-x} for\nx-->oo. In one dimension, we develop an event-driven cluster algorithm to study\nthe asymptotic behavior of large systems. Our numerical results are consistent\nwith mean-field predictions for patch coarsening.",
        "positive": "Optimal Efficiency of Self-Assembling Light-Harvesting Arrays: Using a classical master equation that describes energy transfer over a given\nlattice, we explore how energy transfer efficiency along with the photon\ncapturing ability depends on network connectivity, on transfer rates, and on\nvolume fractions - the numbers and relative ratio of fluorescence chromophore\ncomponents, e.g., donor (D), acceptor (A), and bridge (B) chromophores. For a\none-dimensional AD array, the exact analytical expression for efficiency shows\na steep increase with a D-to-A transfer rate when a spontaneous decay is\nsufficiently slow. This result implies that the introduction of B chromophores\ncan be a useful method for improving efficiency for a two-component AD system\nwith inefficient D-to-A transfer and slow spontaneous decay. Analysis of this\none-dimensional system can be extended to higher-dimensional systems with\nchromophores arranged in structures such as a helical or stacked-disk rod,\nwhich models the self-assembling monomers of the tobacco mosaic virus coat\nprotein. For the stacked-disk rod, we observe the following: (1) With spacings\nbetween sites fixed, a staggered conformation is more efficient than an\neclipsed conformation. (2) For a given ratio of A and D chromophores, the\nuniform distribution of acceptors that minimizes the mean first passage time to\nacceptors is a key point to designing the optimal network for a donor-acceptor\nsystem with a relatively small D-to-A transfer rate. (3) For a three-component\nABD system with a large B-to-A transfer rate, a key design strategy is to\nincrease the number of the pathways in accordance with the directional energy\nflow from D to B to A chromophores."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Caloric curve of star clusters: Self-gravitating systems, like globular clusters or elliptical galaxies, are\nthe prototypes of many-body systems with long-range interactions, and should be\nthe natural arena where to test theoretical predictions on the statistical\nbehaviour of long-range-interacting systems. Systems of classical\nself-gravitating particles can be studied with the standard tools of\nequilibrium statistical mechanics, provided the potential is regularized at\nsmall length scales and the system is confined in a box. The confinement\ncondition looks rather unphysical in general, so that it is natural to ask\nwhether what we learn with these studies is relevant to real self-gravitating\nsystems. In order to provide a first answer to this question we consider a\nbasic, simple, yet effective model of globular clusters, the King model. This\nmodel describes a self-consistently confined system, without the need of any\nexternal box, but the stationary state is a non-thermal one. In particular, we\nconsider the King model with a short-distance cutoff on the interactions and we\ndiscuss how such a cutoff affects the caloric curve, i.e. the relation between\ntemperature and energy. We find that the cutoff stabilizes a low-energy phase\nwhich is absent in the King model without cutoff; the caloric curve of the\nmodel with cutoff turns out to be very similar to that of previously studied\nconfined and regularized models, but for the absence of a high-energy gas-like\nphase. We briefly discuss the possible phenomenological as well as theoretical\nimplications of these results.",
        "positive": "Boundary and finite-size effects in small magnetic systems: We study the effect of free boundaries in finite magnetic systems of cubic\nshape on the field and temperature dependence of the magnetization within the\nisotropic model of D-component spin vectors in the limit D \\to \\infty. This\nmodel is described by a closed system of equations and captures the\nGoldstone-mode effects such as global rotation of the magnetic moment and\nspin-wave fluctuations. We have obtained an exact relation between the\nintrinsic (short-range) magnetization M = M(H,T) of the system and the\nsupermagnetization m = m(H,T) which is induced by the field. We have shown,\nanalytically at low temperatures and fields and numerically in a wide range of\nthese parameters, that boundary effects leading to the decrease of M with\nrespect to the bulk value are stronger than the finite-size effects making a\npositive contribution to M. The inhomogeneities of the magnetization caused by\nthe boundaries are long ranged and extend far into the depth of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic relaxation of a system of superparamagnetic particles weakly\n  coupled by dipole-dipole interactions: The effect of long range dipole-dipole interactions on the thermal\nfluctuations of the magnetization of an assembly of single-domain ferromagnetic\nparticles is considered. If orientational correlations between the particles\nare neglected, the evolution of the magnetization orientations may be described\nby a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) reducing to the usual linear one in\nthe limit of infinite dilution [W.F. Brown Jr, Phys. Rev. 130, 1677 (1963)].\nThe thermally activated relaxation time scale of the assembly is estimated,\nleading to a simple modification of the axially symmetric asymptotes for the\nsuperparamagnetic relaxation time.",
        "positive": "Scaling limit of vicious walks and two-matrix model: We consider the diffusion scaling limit of the one-dimensional vicious walker\nmodel of Fisher and derive a system of nonintersecting Brownian motions. The\nspatial distribution of $N$ particles is studied and it is described by use of\nthe probability density function of eigenvalues of $N \\times N$ Gaussian random\nmatrices. The particle distribution depends on the ratio of the observation\ntime $t$ and the time interval $T$ in which the nonintersecting condition is\nimposed. As $t/T$ is going on from 0 to 1, there occurs a transition of\ndistribution, which is identified with the transition observed in the\ntwo-matrix model of Pandey and Mehta. Despite of the absence of matrix\nstructure in the original vicious walker model, in the diffusion scaling limit,\naccumulation of contact repulsive interactions realizes the correlated\ndistribution of eigenvalues in the multimatrix model as the particle\ndistribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear Regimes in Thermostats of Berendsen's Type: We consider the models of relaxational dynamics within the framework of\nBerendsen's and Nose-Hoover's thermostats. On studying the crucial case of\nideal gas we come to the conclusion that both models mentioned above do not\nallow for describing the true thermodynamical equilibrium.",
        "positive": "On vertex algebra representations of the Schr\u00f6dinger-Virasoro Lie\n  algebra: The Schr\\\"{o}dinger-Virasoro Lie algebra \\mathfrak{sv} is an extension of the\nVirasoro Lie algebra by a nilpotent Lie algebra formed with a bosonic current\nof weight 3/2 and a bosonic current of weight 1. It is also a natural\ninfinite-dimensional extension of the Schr\\\"odinger Lie algebra, which -leaving\naside the invariance under time-translation - has been proved to be a symmetry\nalgebra for many statistical physics models undergoing a dynamics with\ndynamical exponent z=2; it should consequently play a role akin to that of the\nVirasoro Lie algebra in two-dimensional equilibrium statistical physics. We\ndefine in this article general Schr\\\"odinger-Virasoro primary fields by analogy\nwith conformal field theory, characterized by a 'spin' index and a\n(non-relativistic) mass, and construct vertex algebra representations of\n\\mathfrak{sv} out of a charged symplectic boson and a free boson. We also\ncompute two- and three-point functions of still conjectural massive fields that\nare defined by analytic continuation with respect to a formal parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamics for quasi-free quantum systems: We consider quasi-free quantum systems and we derive the Euler equation using\nthe so-called hydrodynamic limit. We use Wigner's well-known distribution\nfunction and discuss an extension to band distribution functions for particles\nin a periodic potential. We investigate the Bosonic system of hard rods and\ncalculate fluctuations of the density.\n  Keywords: Euler equation, quantum distribution function, hydrodynamic limit",
        "positive": "Potts-model critical manifolds revisited: We compute the critical polymials for the q-state Potts model on all\nArchimedean lattices, using a parallel implementation of the algorithm of\n(Jacobsen, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 47 135001) that gives us access to larger\nsizes than previously possible. The exact polynomials are computed for bases of\nsize $6 \\times 6$ unit cells, and the root in the temperature variable\n$v=e^K-1$ is determined numerically at $q=1$ for bases of size $8 \\times 8$.\nThis leads to improved results for bond percolation thresholds, and for the\nPotts-model critical manifolds in the real $(q,v)$ plane. In the two most\nfavourable cases, we find now the kagome-lattice threshold to eleven digits and\nthat of the $(3,12^2)$ lattice to thirteen. Our critical manifolds reveal many\ninteresting features in the antiferromagnetic region of the Potts model, and\ndetermine accurately the extent of the Berker-Kadanoff phase for the lattices\nstudied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Is the mean-field approximation so bad? A simple generalization yelding\n  realistic critical indices for 3D Ising-class systems: Modification of the renormalization-group approach, invoking Stratonovich\ntransformation at each step, is proposed to describe phase transitions in 3D\nIsing-class systems. The proposed method is closely related to the mean-field\napproximation. The low-order scheme works well for a wide thermal range, is\nconsistent with a scaling hypothesis and predicts very reasonable values of\ncritical indices.",
        "positive": "Bosonic and Fermionic Eigenstates for Generalized Sutherland Models: We construct bosonic and fermionic eigenstates for the generalized Sutherland\nmodels associated with arbitrary reduced root systems respectively, through\nW-symmetrization and W-anti-symmetrization of Heckman-Opdam's nonsymmetric\nJacobi polynomials. Square norms of the nonsymmetric Heckman-Opdam polynomials\nare evaluated from their Rodrigues formulae. The W-symmetrization and\nW-anti-symmetrization of the nonsymmetric polynomials enable us to evaluate\nsquare norms of bosonic and fermionic eigenstates for the generalized\nSutherland models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production and Vlasov equation for self-gravitating systems: The evolution of a self-gravitating system to a non-equilibrium steady state\noccurs through a process of violent relaxation. In the thermodynamic limit the\ndynamics of a many body system should be governed by the Vlasov equation.\nRecently, however, a question was raised regarding the validity of Vlasov\nequation during the process of violent relaxation. In this paper we will\nexplore the entropy production during the relaxation process using N-body\nmolecular dynamics simulations. We will show that the entropy production time\ngrows as $N^\\alpha$, with $\\alpha > 0$ and in the limit $N \\rightarrow \\infty$,\nentropy will remain constant, consistent with the Vlasov equation. Furthermore,\nwe will show that the mean field dynamics constructed on the basis of the\nVlasov equation is in excellent agreement with the full molecular dynamics\nsimulations, justifying the applicability of Vlasov equation during the violent\nrelaxation phase of evolution.",
        "positive": "Application of Bogolyubov's approach to the derivation of kinetic\n  equations for dissipative systems: The main goal of the present article is to extend the Bogolyubov method for\nderiving kinetic equations to dissipative many-body systems. The basic\nconjecture underlying the Bogolyubov approach is the functional hypothesis,\naccording to which, the many-particle distribution functions are assumed to be\nfunctionals of the one-particle distribution function on kinetic time scales.\nAnother ingredient in the Bogolyubov approach is the principle of the spatial\nweakening of correlations, which reflects statistical independence of physical\nvalues at distant spatial points. One can consider it as a reasonable mixing\nproperty of many-particle distribution functions. The motivation behind the\ngeneralization of Bogolyubov's approach to (classical) many-body dissipative\nsystems is the wish to describe the dynamics of granular systems, in particular\ngranular fluids. To this end we first define a general dissipative fluid\nthrough a dissipation function, thereby generalizing the commonly employed\nmodels for granular fluids. Using the Bogolyubov functional hypothesis we show\nhow a reduction of the pertinent BBGKY hierarchy can be achieved. The method is\nthen employed to cases which can be treated perturbatively, such as those in\nwhich the interactions are weak or the dissipation is small or the particle\ndensity is small. Kinetic descriptions are obtained in all of these limiting\ncases. As a test case, we show that the Bogolyubov method begets the now\nstandard inelastic Boltzmann equation for dilute monodisperse collections of\nspheres whose collisions are characterized by a fixed coefficient of normal\nrestitution. Possible further applications and implications are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations in fluids in thermal nonequilibrium states below the\n  convective Rayleigh-Benard instability: Starting from the linearized fluctuating Boussinesq equations we derive an\nexpression for the structure factor of fluids in stationary convection-free\nthermal nonequilibrium states, taking into account both gravity and finite-size\neffects. It is demonstrated how the combined effects of gravity and finite size\ncauses the structure factor to go through a maximum value as a function of the\nwave number $q$. The appearance of this maximum is associated with a crossover\nfrom a $q^{-4}$ dependence for larger $q$ to a $q^2$ dependence for very small\n$q$. The relevance of this theoretical result for the interpretation of light\nscattering and shadowgraph experiments is elucidated. The relationship with\nstudies on various aspects of the problem by other investigators is discussed.\nThe paper thus provides a unified treatment for dealing with fluctuations in\nfluid layers subjected to a stationary temperature gradient regardless of the\nsign of the Rayleigh number $R$, provided that $R$ is smaller than the critical\nvalue $R_\\mathrm{c}$ associated with the appearance of Rayleigh-B\\'{e}nard\nconvection.",
        "positive": "Dilute Quantum Droplets: In the limit when the two-body scattering length $a$ is negative and much\nlarger than the effective two-body interaction radius the contribution to the\nground state energy due to the three-body correlations is given by the Efimov\neffect. For particular values of the diluteness parameter $\\rho |a|^3$ the\nthree-body contribution can become the dominant term of the energy density\nfunctional. Under these conditions both Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac systems\ncould become self-bound and either boson droplets or fermion ``designer\nnuclei'' of various sizes and densities could be manufactured."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Michaelis-Menten reaction scheme as a unified approach towards the\n  optimal restart problem: We study the effect of restart, and retry, on the mean completion time of a\ngeneric process. The need to do so arises in various branches of the sciences\nand we show that it can naturally be addressed by taking advantage of the\nclassical reaction scheme of Michaelis and Menten. Stopping a process in its\nmidst, only to start it all over again, may prolong, leave unchanged, or even\nshorten the time taken for its completion. Here we are interested in the\noptimal restart problem, i.e., in finding a restart rate which brings the mean\ncompletion time of a process to a minimum. We derive the governing equation for\nthis problem and show that it is exactly solvable in cases of particular\ninterest. We then continue to discover regimes at which solutions to the\nproblem take on universal, details independent, forms which further give rise\nto optimal scaling laws. The formalism we develop, and the results obtained,\ncan be utilized when optimizing stochastic search processes and randomized\ncomputer algorithms. An immediate connection with kinetic proofreading is also\nnoted and discussed.",
        "positive": "Multi-impurity polarons in a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate: We describe the ground state of a large, dilute, neutral atom Bose- Einstein\ncondensate (BEC) doped with N strongly coupled mutually indistinguishable,\nbosonic neutral atoms (referred to as \"impurity\") in the polaron regime where\nthe BEC density response to the impurity atoms remains significantly smaller\nthan the average density of the surrounding BEC. We find that N impurity atoms\n(N is not one) can self-localize at a lower value of the impurity-boson\ninteraction strength than a single impurity atom. When the 'bare' short-range\nimpurity-impurity repulsion does not play a significant role, the\nself-localization of multiple bosonic impurity atoms into the same single\nparticle orbital (which we call co-self-localization) is the nucleation process\nof the phase separation transition. When the short-range impurity-impurity\nrepulsion successfully competes with co-self-localization, the system may form\na stable liquid of self-localized single impurity polarons."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A superstatistical measure of distance from canonical equilibrium: Non-equilibrium systems in steady states are commonly described by\ngeneralized statistical mechanical theories such as non-extensive statistics\nand superstatistics. Superstatistics assumes that the inverse temperature\n$\\beta = 1/(k_B T)$ follows some pre-established statistical distribution,\nhowever, it has been previously proved (Physica A 505, 864-870 [2018]) that\n$\\beta$ cannot be associated to an observable function $B(\\boldsymbol{\\Gamma})$\nof the microstates $\\boldsymbol{\\Gamma}$. In this work, we provide an\ninformation-theoretical interpretation of this theorem by introducing a new\nquantity $\\mathcal{D}$, the mutual information between $\\beta$ and\n$\\boldsymbol{\\Gamma}$. Our results show that $\\mathcal{D}$ is also a measure of\ndeparture from canonical equilibrium, and reveal a minimum, non-zero\nuncertainty about $\\beta$ given $\\boldsymbol{\\Gamma}$ for every non-canonical\nsuperstatistical ensemble. This supports the use of the mutual information as a\ndescriptor of complexity and correlation in complex systems, also providing in\nsome cases a sound basis for the use of Tsallis' entropic index $q$ as a\nmeasure of distance from equilibrium, being in those cases a proxy for\n$\\mathcal{D}$.",
        "positive": "Anisotropy and universality: Critical Binder cumulant of the\n  two-dimensional Ising model: We reanalyze transfer matrix and Monte Carlo results for the critical Binder\ncumulant U* of an anisotropic two-dimensional Ising model on a square lattice\nin a square geometry with periodic boundary conditions. Spins are coupled\nbetween nearest neighboring sites and between next-nearest neighboring sites\nalong one of the lattice diagonals. We find that U* depends only on the\nasymptotic critical long-distance features of the anisotropy, irrespective of\nits realization through ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic next-nearest\nneighbor couplings. We modify an earlier renormalization-group calculation to\nobtain a quantitative description of the anisotropy dependence of U*. Our\nresults support our recent claim towards the validity of universality for\ncritical phenomena in the presence of a weak anisotropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "1/f noise from point process and time-subordinated Langevin equations: Internal mechanism leading to the emergence of the widely occurring 1/f noise\nstill remains an open issue. In this paper we investigate the distinction\nbetween internal time of the system and the physical time as a source of 1/f\nnoise. After demonstrating the appearance of 1/f noise in the earlier proposed\npoint process model, we generalize it starting from a stochastic differential\nequation which describes a Brownian-like motion in the internal (operational)\ntime. We consider this equation together with an additional equation relating\nthe internal time to the external (physical) time. We show that the relation\nbetween the internal time and the physical time that depends on the intensity\nof the signal can lead to 1/f noise in a wide interval of frequencies. The\npresent model can be useful for the explanation of the appearance of 1/f noise\nin different systems.",
        "positive": "Temperature dependence of density profiles for a cloud of\n  non-interacting fermions moving inside a harmonic trap in one dimension: We extend to finite temperature a Green's function method that was previously\nproposed to evaluate ground-state properties of mesoscopic clouds of\nnon-interacting fermions moving under harmonic confinement in one dimension. By\ncalculations of the particle and kinetic energy density profiles we illustrate\nthe role of thermal excitations in smoothing out the quantum shell structure of\nthe cloud and in spreading the particle spill-out from quantum tunnel at the\nedges. We also discuss the approach of the exact density profiles to the\npredictions of a semiclassical model often used in the theory of confined\natomic gases at finite temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimizing Leapover Lengths of L\u00e9vy Flights with Resetting: We consider a one-dimensional search process under stochastic resetting\nconditions. A target is located at $b\\geq0$ and a searcher, starting from the\norigin, performs a discrete-time random walk with independent jumps drawn from\na heavy-tailed distribution. Before each jump, there is a given probability $r$\nof restarting the walk from the initial position. The efficiency of a \"myopic\nsearch\" - in which the search stops upon crossing the target for the first time\n- is usually characterized in terms of the first-passage time $\\tau$. On the\nother hand, great relevance is encapsulated by the leapover length $l =\nx_{\\tau} - b$, which measures how far from the target the search ends. For\nsymmetric heavy-tailed jump distributions, in the absence of resetting the\naverage leapover is always infinite. Here we show instead that resetting\ninduces a finite average leapover $\\ell_b(r)$ if the mean jump length is\nfinite. We compute exactly $\\ell_b(r)$ and determine the condition under which\nresetting allows for nontrivial optimization, i.e., for the existence of $r^*$\nsuch that $\\ell_b(r^*)$ is minimal and smaller than the average leapover of the\nsingle jump.",
        "positive": "Structure and Instability of High-Density Equations for Traffic Flow: Similar to the treatment of dense gases, fluid-dynamic equations for the\ndynamics of congested vehicular traffic are derived from Enskog-like kinetic\nequations. These contain additional terms due to the anisotropic vehicle\ninteractions. The calculations are carried out up to Navier-Stokes order. A\nlinear instability analysis indicates an additional kind of instability\ncompared to previous macroscopic traffic models. The relevance for describing\ngranular flows is outlined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasilocal charges and progress towards the complete GGE for field\n  theories with non-diagonal scattering: It has recently been shown that some integrable spin chains possess a set of\nquasilocal conserved charges, with the classic example being the\nspin-$\\frac{1}{2}$ XXZ Heisenberg chain. These charges have been proven to be\nessential for properly describing stationary states after a quantum quench, and\nmust be included in the generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE). We find that similar\ncharges are also necessary for the GGE description of integrable quantum field\ntheories with non-diagonal scattering. A stationary state in a non-diagonal\nscattering theory is completely specified by fixing the mode-ocuppation density\ndistributions of physical particles, as well auxiliary particles which carry no\nenergy or momentum. We show that the set of conserved charges with integer\nLorentz spin, related to the integrability of the model, are unable to fix the\ndistributions of these auxiliary particles, since these charges can only fix\nkinematical properties of physical particles. The field theory analogs of\nquasilocal lattice charges are therefore necessary. As a concrete example, we\nfind the complete set of charges needed in the sine-Gordon model, by using the\nfact that this field theory is recovered as the continuum limit of a spatially\ninhomogeneous version of the XXZ chain. The set of quasilocal charges of the\nlattice theory are shown to become a set local charges with fractional spin in\nthe field theory.",
        "positive": "New Equations of State describing both the Dynamic Viscosity and\n  Self-Diffusion Coefficient for Potassium and Thallium in their fluid phases: Experimental data on the viscosity and self-diffusion coefficient of two\nmetallic compounds in their fluid phases, i.e. potassium and thallium, are\nmodeled using the translational elastic mode theory which has been successfully\napplied to the case of water. It is shown that this theory allows the\nexperimental data to be accounted for in accordance with their uncertainties\nand, above all, it allows the different variations observed between the\ndifferent authors to be explained. Particularly in the case of thallium, this\ntheory makes it possible to represent viscosity data with much better precision\nthan the so-called reference equation of state. The dilute-gas limit laws\nconnecting various parameters of the theory obtained in the case of water are\nconfirmed here and thus give them a universal character. The elastic mode\ntheory is accompanied by the development of new equations of state, mainly to\ndescribe properties along the saturated vapor pressure curve, which greatly\nextend the temperature range of application of these equations compared to\nthose found in the literature. The whole analysis thus makes it possible to\npropose precise values of various thermodynamic parameters at the melting and\nboiling temperature corresponding to atmospheric pressure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Simplified Cellular Automaton Model for City Traffic: We systematically investigate the effect of blockage sites in a cellular\nautomaton model for traffic flow. Different scheduling schemes for the blockage\nsites are considered. None of them returns a linear relationship between the\nfraction of ``green'' time and the throughput. We use this information for a\nfast implementation of traffic in Dallas.",
        "positive": "Explicit Calculations on Small Non-Equilibrium Driven Lattice Gas Models: We have investigated the non-equilibrium nature of a lattice gas system\nconsisting of a regular lattice of charged particles driven by an external\nelectric field. For a big system, an exact solution cannot be obtained using a\nmaster equation approach since the many-particle system has too many degrees of\nfreedom to allow for exact solutions. We have instead chosen to study small\nsystems as a first step. The small systems will be composed of between two and\nfour particles having two or three possible values of some parameters. Applying\nperiodic boundary conditions and a hard-core or an exclusion-volume constraint\nand imposing conservation of particle numbers via Kawasaki-type dynamics\n(particle-hole exchange), we are able to calculate the exact solutions of the\nsteady-state relative probability density function, ri, associated with each\nconfiguration of the small system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized thermodynamic uncertainty relations: We analyze ensemble in which energy (E), temperature (T) and multiplicity (N)\ncan all fluctuate and with the help of nonextensive statistics we propose a\nrelation connecting all fluctuating variables. It generalizes Lindhard's\nthermodynamic uncertainty relations known in literature.",
        "positive": "Exactly Solvable Fermionic N-chain Models: Motivated by the problem of N coupled Hubbard chains, we investigate a\ngeneralisation of the Schulz-Shastry model containing two species of\none-dimensional fermions interacting via a gauge field that depends on the\npositions of all the particles of the other species. The exact many body ground\nstate of the model can be easily obtained through a unitary transformation of\nthe model. The correlation functions are Luttinger-like - i.e., they decay\nthrough power laws with non-integer exponents. Through the interaction\ndependent correlation functions of the two-particle operators, we identify the\nrelevant perturbations and hence, possible instabilities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetics of Diffusion-Limited Reactions with Biased Diffusion in\n  Percolating to Compact Substrates: We studied through Monte Carlo simulations, the kinetics of the two-species\ndiffusion-limited reaction model with same species excluded volume interaction\nin substrates embedded on a square lattice ranging in occupancy from a fractal\npercolating structure to the compact limit. We study the time evolution of the\nconcentration of single-particle species for various values of substrate\noccupancies, 0.5927460, 0.61, 0.63, 0.65, 0.7, 0.8, and 1, where the first\nvalue corresponds to the percolating probability of the square lattice. We show\nthat in the diffusion-limited reaction regime, the kinetics strongly depends on\nthe presence of a bias along a particular square lattice direction,\nrepresenting the net effect of a driving field. We were able to explain the\nslow dynamics at high values of the driving field in terms of \\emph{traps}\nappearing in diluted substrates, particularly at the percolation threshold.",
        "positive": "Stochastic kinetics under combined action of two noise sources: We are exploring two archetypal noise induced escape scenarios: escape from a\nfinite interval and from the positive half-line under the action of the mixture\nof L\\'evy and Gaussian white noises in the overdamped regime, for the random\nacceleration process and higher order processes. In the case of escape from\nfinite intervals, mixture of noises can result in the change of value of the\nmean first passage time in comparison to the action of each noise separately.\nAt the same time, for the random acceleration process on the (positive)\nhalf-line, over the wide range of parameters, the exponent characterizing the\npower-law decay of the survival probability is equal to the one characterizing\nthe decay of the survival probability under action of the (pure) L\\'evy noise.\nThere is a transient region, width of which increases with stability index\n$\\alpha$, when the exponent decreases from the one for L\\'evy noise to the one\ncorresponding to the Gaussian white noise driving."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact mean-field solution of a spin chain with short-range and\n  long-range interactions: We consider the transverse field Ising model with additional all-to-all\ninteractions between the spins. We show that a mean-field treatment of this\nmodel becomes exact in the thermodynamic limit, despite the presence of 1D\nshort-range interactions. This is established by looking for eigenstates as\ncoherent states with an amplitude that varies through the Hilbert space. We\nstudy then the thermodynamics of the model and identify the different phases.\nAmong its peculiar features, this 1D model possesses a second-order phase\ntransition at finite temperature and exhibits inverse melting.",
        "positive": "Enhanced magnetocaloric effect due to selective dilution in a triangular\n  Ising antiferromagnet: We employ an effective-field theory with correlations in order to study a\nmagnetocaloric effect on a triangular Ising antiferromagnet, which is\nselectively diluted by non-magnetic impurities on one of the three sublattices.\nSuch a dilution generally relieves massive degeneracy in our system and\ntherefore the ground-state entropy diminishes and the magnetocaloric effect\nweakens at low temperatures. However, at relatively higher temperatures we can\nobserve significantly enhanced negative isothermal entropy changes for the\nsublattice concentration $p_{\\mathrm{A}} = 0.8$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling laws at the critical point: There are two independent critical exponents that describe the behavior of\nsystems near their critical point. However, at the critical point only the\nexponent $\\eta$, which describes the decay of the correlation function, is\nusually discussed. We emphasize that there is a second independent exponent\n$\\eta'$ that describes the decay of the fourth-order correlation function. The\nexponent $\\eta'$ is related to the exponents determining the behavior of\nthermodynamic functions near criticality via a fluctuation-response equation\nfor the specific heat. We also discuss a scaling law for $\\eta'$.",
        "positive": "Surmounting Oscillating Barriers: Thermally activated escape over a potential barrier in the presence of\nperiodic driving is considered. By means of novel time-dependent path-integral\nmethods we derive asymptotically exact weak-noise expressions for both the\ninstantaneous and the time-averaged escape rate. The agreement with accurate\nnumerical results is excellent over a wide range of driving strengths and\ndriving frequencies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of diffusion in one-dimensional discontinuous absorbing phase\n  transitions: It is known that diffusion provokes substantial changes in continuous\nabsorbing phase transitions. Conversely, its effect on discontinuous\ntransitions is much less understood. In order to shed light in this direction,\nwe study the inclusion of diffusion in the simplest one-dimensional model with\na discontinuous absorbing phase transition, namely the long-range contact\nprocess ($\\sigma$-CP). Particles interact as in the usual CP, but the\ntransition rate depends on the length $\\ell$ of inactive sites according to $1\n+ a \\ell^{-\\sigma}$, where $a$ and $\\sigma$ are control parameters. In the\nabsence of diffusion, this system presents both a discontinuous and a\ncontinuous phase transition, depending on the value of $\\sigma$. The inclusion\nof diffusion in this model has been investigated by numerical simulations and\nmean-field calculations. Results show that there exists three distinct regimes.\nFor sufficiently low and large $\\sigma$'s the transition is respectively always\ndiscontinuous or continuous, independently of the strength of the diffusion. On\nthe other hand, in an intermediate range of $\\sigma$'s, the diffusion causes a\nsuppression of the phase coexistence leading to a continuous transition\nbelonging to the DP universality class. This set of results does not agree with\nmean-field predictions, whose reasons will be discussed further.",
        "positive": "Universal Ideal Behavior and Macroscopic Work Relation of Linear\n  Irreversible Stochastic Thermodynamics: We revisit the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process as the fundamental\nmathematical description of linear irreversible phenomena, with fluctuations,\nnear an equilibrium. By identifying the underlying circulating dynamics in a\nstationary process as the natural generalization of classical conservative\nmechanics, a bridge between a family of OU processes with equilibrium\nfluctuations and thermodynamics is established through the celebrated Helmholtz\ntheorem. The Helmholtz theorem provides an emergent macroscopic \"equation of\nstate\" of the entire system, which exhibits a universal ideal thermodynamic\nbehavior. Fluctuating macroscopic quantities are studied from the stochastic\nthermodynamic point of view and a non-equilibrium work relation is obtained in\nthe macroscopic picture, which may facilitate experimental study and\napplication of the equalities due to Jarzynski, Crooks, and Hatano and Sasa."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A brief account of the Ising and Ising-like models: Mean-field,\n  effective-field and exact results: The article provides a tutorial review on how to treat Ising models within\nmean-field (MF), effective-field (EF) and exact methods. MF solutions of the\nspin-1 Blume-Capel (BC) model and the mixed-spin Ising model demonstrate a\nchange of continuous phase transitions to discontinuous ones at a tricritical\npoint. A quantum phase transition of the spin-S Ising model driven by a\ntransverse field is explored within MF method. EF theory is elaborated within a\nsingle- and two-spin cluster approach to demonstrate an efficiency of this\napproximate method. The long-standing problem of this method concerned with a\nself-consistent determination of the free energy is addressed. EF theory is\nadapted for the spin-1/2 Ising model, the spin-S BC model and the transverse\nIsing model. The particular attention is paid to continuous and discontinuous\ntransitions. Exact results for the spin-1/2 Ising chain, spin-1 BC chain and\nmixed-spin Ising chain are obtained using the transfer-matrix method, the\ncrucial steps of which are reviewed for a spin-1/2 Ising square lattice.\nCritical points of the spin-1/2 Ising model on several lattices are rigorously\nobtained with the help of dual, star-triangle and decoration-iteration\ntransformations. Mapping transformations are adapted to obtain exact results\nfor the mixed-spin Ising model on planar lattices. An increase in the\ncoordination number of the mixed-spin Ising model on decorated planar lattices\ngives rise to reentrant transitions, while the critical temperature of the\nmixed-spin Ising model on a regular honeycomb lattice is always greater than\nthat of two semi-regular archimedean lattices. The effect of selective site\ndilution of the mixed-spin Ising model on a honeycomb lattice upon phase\ndiagrams is examined. The review affords a brief account of the Ising models\nsolved within MF, EF and exact methods along with a few comments on their\nfuture applicability.",
        "positive": "Microscopic Theory for the Role of Attractive Forces in the Dynamics of\n  Supercooled Liquids: We formulate a microscopic, no adjustable parameter, theory of activated\nrelaxation in supercooled liquids directly in terms of the repulsive and\nattractive forces within the framework of pair correlations. Under isochoric\nconditions, attractive forces can nonperturbatively modify slow dynamics, but\nat high enough density their influence vanishes. Under isobaric conditions,\nattractive forces play a minor role. High temperature apparent Arrhenius\nbehavior and density-temperature scaling are predicted. Our results are\nconsistent with recent isochoric simulations and isobaric experiments on a\ndeeply supercooled molecular liquid. The approach can be generalized to treat\ncolloidal gelation and glass melting, and other soft matter slow dynamics\nproblems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-velocity elasticity theory and facet growth: We explain the linear growth of smooth solid helium facets by the presence of\nlattice point defects. To implement this task, the framework of very general\ntwo-velocity elasticity theory equations is developed. Boundary conditions for\nthese equations for various surface types are derived. We also suggest\nadditional experiments to justify the concept.",
        "positive": "Random Operator Approach for Word Enumeration in Braid Groups: We investigate analytically the problem of enumeration of nonequivalent\nprimitive words in the braid group B_n for n >> 1 by analysing the random word\nstatistics and the target space on the basis of the locally free group\napproximation. We develop a \"symbolic dynamics\" method for exact word\nenumeration in locally free groups and bring arguments in support of the\nconjecture that the number of very long primitive words in the braid group is\nnot sensitive to the precise local commutation relations. We consider the\nconnection of these problems with the conventional random operator theory,\nlocalization phenomena and statistics of systems with quenched disorder. Also\nwe discuss the relation of the particular problems of random operator theory to\nthe theory of modular functions"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sparre-Andersen theorem with spatiotemporal correlations: The Sparre-Andersen theorem is a remarkable result in one-dimensional random\nwalk theory concerning the universality of the ubiquitous first-passage-time\ndistribution. It states that the probability distribution $\\rho_n$ of the\nnumber of steps needed for a walker starting at the origin to land on the\npositive semi-axes does not depend on the details of the distribution for the\njumps of the walker, provided this distribution is symmetric and continuous,\nwhere in particular $\\rho_n \\sim n^{-3/2}$ for large number of steps $n$. On\nthe other hand, there are many physical situations in which the time spent by\nthe walker in doing one step depends on the length of the step and the interest\nconcentrates on the time needed for a return, not on the number of steps. Here\nwe modify the Sparre-Andersen proof to deal with such cases, in rather general\nsituations in which the time variable correlates with the step variable. As an\nexample we present a natural process in 2D that shows deviations from normal\nscaling are present for the first-passage-time distribution on a semi plane.",
        "positive": "Exact results for a simple epidemic model on a directed network:\n  Explorations of a system in a non-equilibrium steady state: Motivated by fundamental issues in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics\n(NESM), we study the venerable susceptible-infected (SIS) model of disease\nspreading in an idealized, simple setting. Using Monte Carlo and analytic\ntechniques, we consider a fully connected, uni-directional network of odd\nnumber of nodes, each having an equal number of in- and out-degrees. With the\nstandard SIS dynamics at high infection rates, this system settles into an\nactive non-equilibrium steady state. We find the exact probability distribution\nand explore its implications for NESM, such as the presence of persistent\nprobability currents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal fluctuations and ergodicity of generalized diffusivity on\n  critical percolation clusters: Despite a long history and a clear overall understanding of properties of\nrandom walks on an incipient infinite cluster in percolation, some important\ninformation on it seems to be missing in the literature. In the present work,\nwe revisit the problem by performing massive numerical simulations for\n(sub)diffusion of particles on such clusters. Thus, we discuss the shape of the\nprobability density function (PDF) of particles' displacements, and the way it\nconverges to its long-time limiting scaling form. Moreover, we discuss the\nproperties of the mean squared displacement (MSD) of a particle diffusing on\nthe infinite cluster at criticality. This one is known not to be\nself-averaging. We show that the fluctuations of the MSD in different\nrealizations of the cluster are universal, and discuss the properties of the\ndistribution of these fluctuations. These strong fluctuations coexist with the\nergodicity of subdiffusive behavior in the time domain. The dependence of the\nrelative strength of fluctuations in time-averaged MSD on the total trajectory\nlength (total simulation time) is characteristic for diffusion in a percolation\nsystem and can be used as an additional test to distinguish this process with\ndisorder-induced memory from processes with otherwise similar behavior, like\nfractional Brownian motion with the same value of the Hurst exponent.",
        "positive": "Gaussian fluctuations of spatially inhomogeneous polymers: Inhomogeneous polymers play an important role in various cellular processes,\nboth in nature and in biotechnological applications. At finite temperatures,\ninhomogeneous polymers exhibit non-trivial thermal fluctuations. In a broader\ncontext, these are relatively simple examples for fluctuations in spatially\ninhomogeneous systems, which are less understood compared to their homogeneous\ncounterparts. We develop a statistical theory of torsional, extensional and\nbending Gaussian fluctuations of inhomogeneous polymers, where the\ninhomogeneity is an inclusion of variable size and mechanical properties, using\nboth continuum and discrete approaches. First, we analytically calculate the\ncomplete eigenvalue and eigenmode spectrum of the inhomogeneous polymer within\na continuum field theory. In particular, we show that the wavenumber inside and\noutside of the inclusion is nearly linear in the eigenvalue index, with a\nnontrivial coefficient. Second, we solve the corresponding discrete problem,\nand highlight fundamental differences between the continuum and discrete\nspectra. In particular, we demonstrate that above a certain wavenumber the\ndiscrete spectrum changes qualitatively and discrete evanescent eigenmodes,\nthat do not have continuum counterparts, emerge. The statistical thermodynamic\nimplications of these differences are then explored by calculating\nfluctuation-induced forces associated with free-energy variations with either\nthe inclusion properties (e.g.~inhomogeneity formed by adsorbing molecules) or\nwith an external geometric constraint. The former, which is the\nfluctuation-induced contribution to the adsorbing molecules binding force, is\nshown to be affected by short wavelengths and thus cannot be calculated using\nthe continuum approach. The latter, on the other hand, is shown to be dominated\nby long wavelength shape fluctuations and hence is properly described by the\ncontinuum theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A new dimension to Turing patterns: It is well known that simple reaction-diffusion systems can display very rich\npattern formation behavior. Here we have studied two examples of such systems\nin three dimensions. First we investigate the morphology and stability of a\ngeneric Turing system in three dimensions and then the well-known Gray-Scott\nmodel. In the latter case, we added a small number of morphogen sources in the\nsystem in order to study its robustness and the formation of connections\nbetween the sources. Our results raise the question of whether Turing\npatterning can produce an inductive signaling mechanism for neuronal growth.",
        "positive": "Pumping two dilute gas Bose-Einstein condensates with Raman light\n  scattering: We propose an optical method for increasing the number of atoms in a pair of\ndilute gas Bose-Einstein condensates. The method uses laser-driven Raman\ntransitions which scatter atoms between the condensate and non-condensate atom\nfractions. For a range of condensate phase differences there is destructive\nquantum interference of the amplitudes for scattering atoms out of the\ncondensates. Because the total atom scattering rate into the condensates is\nunaffected the condensates grow. This mechanism is analogous to that\nresponsible for optical lasing without inversion. Growth using macroscopic\nquantum interference may find application as a pump for an atom laser."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Preliminary test of time-convolutionless mode-coupling theory based on\n  the Percus-Yevick static structure factor for hard spheres: In order to investigate how the time-convolutionless mode-coupling theory\n(TMCT) recently proposed by Tokuyama can improve the critical point predicted\nby the ideal mode-coupling theory (MCT), the TMCT equations are numerically\nsolved based on the Percus-Yevick static structure factor for hard spheres as a\npreliminary test. Then, the full numerical solutions are compared with those of\nMCT for different physical quantities, such as intermediate scattering\nfunctions and diffusion coefficients. Thus, the ergodic to nonergodic\ntransition predicted by MCT is also found at the critical volume fraction\n$\\phi_c$ which is higher than that of MCT. Here $\\phi_c$ is given by\n$\\phi_c\\simeq 0.5817$ at $q_c\\sigma_d=40$ and 0.5856 at $q_c\\sigma_d=20$ for\nTMCT, while $\\phi_c\\simeq 0.5159$ at $q_c\\sigma_d=40$ and 0.5214 at\n$q_c\\sigma_d=20$ for MCT, where $q_c$ is a cutoff of wave vector and $\\sigma_d$\na particle diameter. The same two-step relaxation process as that predicted by\nMCT is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Interface mapping in two-dimensional random lattice models: We consider two disordered lattice models on the square lattice: on the\nmedial lattice the random field Ising model at T=0 and on the direct lattice\nthe random bond Potts model in the large-q limit at its transition point. The\ninterface properties of the two models are known to be related by a mapping\nwhich is valid in the continuum approximation. Here we consider finite random\nsamples with the same form of disorder for both models and calculate the\nrespective equilibrium states exactly by combinatorial optimization algorithms.\nWe study the evolution of the interfaces with the strength of disorder and\nanalyse and compare the interfaces of the two models in finite lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Pressure in Fluctuating Shear Flow: We investigate how the pressure in fluctuating shear flow depends on the\nshear rate $S$ and on the system size $L$ by studying fluctuating hydrodynamics\nunder shear conditions. We derive anomalous forms of the pressure for two\nlimiting values of the dimensionless parameter $\\lambda=SL^2/\\nu$, where $\\nu$\nis the kinematic viscosity. In the case $\\lambda \\ll 1$, the pressure is not an\nintensive quantity because of the influence of the long-range spatial\ncorrelations of momentum fluctuations. In the other limit $\\lambda \\gg 1$, the\nlong-range correlations are suppressed at large distances, and the pressure is\nintensive. In this case, however, there is the interesting effect that the\nnon-equilibrium correction to the pressure is proportional to $S^{3/2}$, which\nwas previously obtained with the projection operator method [K. Kawasaki and J.\nD. Gunton, Phys. Rev. {\\bf A 8}, 2048, (1973)].",
        "positive": "Note on the super-extended Moyal formalism and its BBGKY hierarchy: We consider the path integral associated to the Moyal formalism for quantum\nmechanics extended to contain higher differential forms by means of Grassmann\nodd fields. After revisiting some properties of the functional integral\nassociated to the (super-extended) Moyal formalism, we give a convenient\nfunctional derivation of the BBGKY hierarchy in this framework. In this case\nthe distribution functions depend also on the Grassmann odd fields."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vicinal Surfaces, Fractional Statistics and Universality: We propose that the phases of all vicinal surfaces can be characterized by\nfour fixed lines, in the renormalization group sense, in a three-dimensional\nspace of coupling constants. The observed configurations of several Si surfaces\nare consistent with this picture. One of these fixed lines also describes\none-dimensional quantum particles with fractional exclusion statistics. The\nfeatureless steps of a vicinal surface can therefore be thought of as a\nrealization of fractional-statistics particles, possibly with additional\nshort-range interactions.",
        "positive": "Aging in a Chaotic System: We demonstrate aging behavior in a simple non-linear system. Our model is a\nchaotic map which generates deterministically sub-diffusion. Asymptotic\nbehaviors of the diffusion process are described using aging continuous time\nrandom walks, introduced previously to model diffusion in glasses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation and fluctuation in Random Average Process on an infinite\n  line with a driven tracer: We study the effect of single biased tracer particle in a bath of other\nparticles performing the random average process (RAP) on an infinite line. We\nfocus on the large time behavior of the mean and the fluctuations of the\npositions of the particles and also the correlations among them. In the large\ntime t limit these quantities have well-defined scaling forms and grow with\ntime as $\\sqrt{t}$. A differential equation for the scaling function associated\nwith the correlation function is obtained and solved perturbatively around the\nsolution for a symmetric tracer. Interestingly, when the tracer is totally\nasymmetric, further progress is enabled by the fact that the particles behind\nof the tracer do not affect the motion of the particles in front of it, which\nleads in particular to an exact expression for the variance of the position of\nthe tracer. Finally, the variance and correlations of the gaps between\nsuccessive particles are also studied. Numerical simulations support our\nanalytical results.",
        "positive": "Dynamic phase transition in the two-dimensional kinetic Ising model in\n  an oscillating field: Universality with respect to the stochastic dynamic: We study the dynamical response of a two-dimensional Ising model subject to a\nsquare-wave oscillating external field. In contrast to earlier studies, the\nsystem evolves under a so-called soft Glauber dynamic [P.A. Rikvold and M.\nKolesik, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 35, L117 (2002)], for which both nucleation and\ninterface propagation are slower and the interfaces smoother than for the\nstandard Glauber dynamic. We choose the temperature and magnitude of the\nexternal field such that the metastable decay of the system following field\nreversal occurs through nucleation and growth of many droplets of the stable\nphase, i.e., the multidroplet regime. Using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we\nfind that the system undergoes a nonequilibrium phase transition, in which the\nsymmetry-broken dynamic phase corresponds to an asymmetric stationary limit\ncycle for the time-dependent magnetization. The critical point is located where\nthe half-period of the external field is approximately equal to the metastable\nlifetime of the system. We employ finite-size scaling analysis to investigate\nthe characteristics of this dynamical phase transition. The critical exponents\nand the fixed-point value of the fourth-order cumulant are found to be\nconsistent with the universality class of the two-dimensional equilibrium Ising\nmodel. As this universality class has previously been established for the same\nnonequilibrium model evolving under the standard Glauber dynamic, our results\nindicate that this far-from-equilibrium phase transition is universal with\nrespect to the choice of the stochastic dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pitfalls on the determination of the universality class of radial\n  clusters: The self-affinity of growing systems with radial symmetry, from tumors to\ngrain-grain displacement, has devoted increasing interest in the last decade.\nIn this work, we analyzed features about the interface scaling of these\nclusters through large scale simulations (up to $3\\times 10^7$ particles) of\ntwo-dimensional growth processes with special emphasis on the off-lattice Eden\nmodel. The central objective is to discuss an important pitfall associated to\nthe evaluation of the growth exponent $\\beta$ of these systems. We show that\nthe $\\beta$ value depends on the choice of the origin used to determine the\ninterface width. We considered two strategies frequently used. When the width\nis evaluated in relation to the center of mass (CM) of the border, the exponent\nobtained for the Eden model was $\\beta_{CM}=0.404\\pm0.013$, in very good\nagreement with previous reported values. However, if the border CM is replaced\nby the initial seed position (a static origin), the exponent $\\beta_0=0.333\\pm\n0.010$, in complete agreement with the KPZ value $\\beta_{KPZ}=1/3$, was found.\nThe difference between $\\beta_{CM}$ and $\\beta_{0}$ was explained through the\nborder CM fluctuations that grow faster than the overall interface\nfluctuations. Indeed, we show that the exponents $\\beta_0$ and $\\beta_{CM}$\ncharacterize large and small wavelength fluctuations of the interface,\nrespectively. These finds were also observed in three distinct lattice models,\nin which the lattice-imposed anisotropy is absent.",
        "positive": "Complete Visitation Statistics of 1d Random Walks: We develop a framework to determine the complete statistical behavior of a\nfundamental quantity in the theory of random walks, namely, the probability\nthat $n_1$, $n_2$, $n_3$, . . . distinct sites are visited at times $t_1$,\n$t_2$, $t_3$, ... . From this multiple-time distribution, we show that the\nvisitation statistics of 1d random walks are temporally correlated and we\nquantify the non-Markovian nature of the process. We exploit these ideas to\nderive unexpected results for the two-time trapping problem and also to\ndetermine the visitation statistics of two important stochastic processes, the\nrun-and-tumble particle and the biased random walk."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotic densities of ballistic L\u00e9vy walks: We propose an analytical method to determine the shape of density profiles in\nthe asymptotic long time limit for a broad class of coupled continuous time\nrandom walks which operate in the ballistic regime. In particular, we show that\ndifferent scenarios of performing a random walk step, via making an\ninstantaneous jump penalized by a proper waiting time or via moving with a\nconstant speed, dramatically effect the corresponding propagators, despite the\nfact that the end points of the steps are identical. Furthermore, if the speed\nduring each step of the random walk is itself a random variable, its\ndistribution gets clearly reflected in the asymptotic density of random\nwalkers. These features are in contrast with more standard non-ballistic random\nwalks.",
        "positive": "Pattern recognition at different scales: a statistical perspective: In this paper we borrow concepts from Information Theory and Statistical\nMechanics to perform a pattern recognition procedure on a set of x-ray hazelnut\nimages. We identify two relevant statistical scales, whose ratio affects the\nperformance of a machine learning algorithm based on statistical observables,\nand discuss the dependence of such scales on the image resolution. Finally, by\naveraging the performance of a Support Vector Machines algorithm over a set of\ntraining samples, we numerically verify the predicted onset of an optimal scale\nof resolution, at which the pattern recognition is favoured."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time Reversibility of Quantum Diffusion in Small-world Networks: We study the time-reversal dynamics of a tight-binding electron in the\nWatts-Strogatz (WS) small-world networks. The localized initial wave packet at\ntime $t=0$ diffuses as time proceeds until the time-reversal operation,\ntogether with the momentum perturbation of the strength $\\eta$, is made at the\nreversal time $T$. The time irreversibility is measured by $I \\equiv |\\Pi(t =\n2T) - \\Pi(t = 0)|$, where $\\Pi$ is the participation ratio gauging the\nextendedness of the wavefunction and for convenience, $t$ is measured forward\neven after the time reversal . When $\\eta = 0$, the time evolution after $T$\nmakes the wavefunction at $t=2T$ identical to the one at $t=0$, and we find\nI=0, implying a null irreversibility or a complete reversibility. On the other\nhand, as $\\eta$ is increased from zero, the reversibility becomes weaker, and\nwe observe enhancement of the irreversibility. We find that $I$ linearly\nincreases with increasing $\\eta$ in the weakly-perturbed region, and that the\nirreversibility is much stronger in the WS network than in the local regular\nnetwork.",
        "positive": "A statistical comparison of different approximate Hamiltonian-based\n  anharmonic free energy estimators: Ensuring a satisfactory statistical convergence of anharmonic thermodynamic\nproperties requires sampling of many atomic configurations, however the methods\nto obtain those necessarily produce correlated samples, thereby reducing the\neffective sample size and increasing the uncertainty compared to purely random\nsampling. In previous works procedures have been implemented to accelerate the\ncomputations by first performing simulations using an approximate Hamiltonian\nwhich is computationally more efficient than the accurate one and then using\nvarious methods to correct for the resulting error. Those rely on recalculating\nthe accurate energies of a random subset of configurations obtained using the\napproximate Hamiltonian thereby maximizing the effective sample size. This\nprocedure can be particularly suitable for calculating thermodynamic properties\nusing density-functional theory in which case the accurate and approximate\nHamiltonians may be represented by parametrically suitably converged and\nnon-converged ones. Whereas it is qualitatively known that there needs to be a\nsufficient overlap between the phase spaces of the approximate and the accurate\nHamiltonians, the quantitative limits of applicability and the relative\nefficiencies of such methods is not well known. In this paper a statistical\nanalysis is performed first theoretically and then quantitatively by numerical\nanalysis. The sampling distributions of different free energy estimators are\nobtained and the dependence of their bias and variance with respect to\nconvergence parameters, simulation times and reference potentials is estimated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asynchronous SIR model on Two-Dimensional Quasiperiodic Lattices: We considered the Asynchronous SIR (susceptible-infected-removed) model on\nPenrose and Ammann-Beenker quasiperiodic lattices, and obtained its critical\nbehavior by using Newman-Ziff algorithm to track cluster propagation by making\na tree structure of clusters grown at the dynamics, allowing to simulate SIR\nmodel on non-periodic lattices and measure any observable related to\npercolation. We numerically calculated the order parameter, defined in a\ngeographical fashion by distinguish between an epidemic state, characterized by\na spanning cluster formed by the removed nodes and the endemic state, where\nthere is no spanning cluster. We obtained the averaged mean cluster size which\nplays the role of a susceptibility, and a cumulant ratio defined for\npercolation to estimate the epidemic threshold. Our numerical results suggest\nthat the system falls into two-dimensional dynamic percolation universality\nclass and the quasiperiodic order is irrelevant, in according to results for\nclassical percolation.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of ideal quantum gas with fractional statistics in D\n  dimensions: We present exact and explicit results for the thermodynamic properties\n(isochores, isotherms, isobars, response functions, velocity of sound) of a\nquantum gas in dimensions D>=1 and with fractional exclusion statistics 0<=g<=1\nconnecting bosons (g=0) and fermions (g=1). In D=1 the results are equivalent\nto those of the Calogero-Sutherland model. Emphasis is given to the crossover\nbetween boson-like and fermion-like features, caused by aspects of the\nstatistical interaction that mimic long-range attraction and short-range\nrepulsion. The full isochoric heat capacity and the leading low-T term of the\nisobaric expansivity in D=2 are independent of g. The onset of Bose-Einstein\ncondensation along the isobar occurs at a nonzero transition temperature in all\ndimensions. The T-dependence of the velocity of sound is in simple relation to\nisochores and isobars. The effects of soft container walls are accounted for\nrigorously for the case of a pure power-law potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vicious L\u00e9vy flights: We study the statistics of encounters of L\\'evy flights by introducing the\nconcept of vicious L\\'evy flights - distinct groups of walkers performing\nindependent L\\'evy flights with the process terminating upon the first\nencounter between walkers of different groups. We show that the probability\nthat the process survives up to time $t$ decays as $t^{-\\alpha}$ at late times.\nWe compute $\\alpha$ up to the second order in $\\epsilon$-expansion, where\n$\\epsilon=\\sigma-d$, $\\sigma$ is the L\\'evy exponent and $d$ is the spatial\ndimension. For $d=\\sigma$, we find the exponent of the logarithmic decay\nexactly. Theoretical values of the exponents are confirmed by numerical\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "How many particles make up a chaotic many-body quantum system?: We numerically investigate the minimum number of interacting particles, which\nis required for the onset of strong chaos in quantum systems on a\none-dimensional lattice with short-range and long-range interactions. We\nconsider multiple system sizes which are at least three times larger than the\nnumber of particles and find that robust signatures of quantum chaos emerge for\nas few as 4 particles in the case of short-range interactions and as few as 3\nparticles for long-range interactions, and without any apparent dependence on\nthe size of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium dynamics of a stochastic model of anomalous heat\n  transport: We study the dynamics of covariances in a chain of harmonic oscillators with\nconservative noise in contact with two stochastic Langevin heat baths. The\nnoise amounts to random collisions between nearest-neighbour oscillators that\nexchange their momenta. In a recent paper, [S Lepri et al. J. Phys. A: Math.\nTheor. 42 (2009) 025001], we have studied the stationary state of this system\nwith fixed boundary conditions, finding analytical exact expressions for the\ntemperature profile and the heat current in the thermodynamic (continuum)\nlimit. In this paper we extend the analysis to the evolution of the covariance\nmatrix and to generic boundary conditions. Our main purpose is to construct a\nhydrodynamic description of the relaxation to the stationary state, starting\nfrom the exact equations governing the evolution of the correlation matrix. We\nidentify and adiabatically eliminate the fast variables, arriving at a\ncontinuity equation for the temperature profile T(y,t), complemented by an\nordinary equation that accounts for the evolution in the bulk. Altogether, we\nfind that the evolution of T(y,t) is the result of fractional diffusion.",
        "positive": "Ordering through learning in two-dimensional Ising spins: We study two-dimensional Ising spins, evolving through reinforcement learning\nusing their state, action, and reward. The state of a spin is defined as\nwhether it is in the majority or minority with its nearest neighbours. The spin\nupdates its state using an {\\epsilon}-greedy algorithm. The parameter\n{\\epsilon} plays the role equivalent to the temperature in the Ising model. We\nfind a phase transition from long-ranged ordered to a disordered state as we\ntune {\\epsilon} from small to large values. In analogy with the phase\ntransition in the Ising model, we calculate the critical {\\epsilon} and the\nthree critical exponents {\\beta}, {\\gamma}, {\\nu} of magnetization,\nsusceptibility, and correlation length, respectively. A hyper-scaling relation\nd{\\nu} = 2{\\beta} + {\\gamma} is obtained between the three exponents. The\nsystem is studied for different learning rates. The exponents approach the\nexact values for two-dimensional Ising model for lower learning rates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Truncated L\u00e9vy Flights and Weak Ergodicity Breaking in the Hamiltonian\n  Mean Field Model: The dynamics of the Hamiltonian mean field model is studied in the context of\ncontinuous time random walks. We show that the sojourn times in cells in the\nmomentum space are well described by a L\\'evy truncated distribution.\nConsequently the system in weakly non-ergodic for long times that diverge with\nthe number of particles. For a finite number of particles ergodicity is only\nattained for very long times both at thermodynamical equilibrium and at\nquasi-stationary out of equilibrium states.",
        "positive": "Spatial correlations in driven-dissipative photonic lattices: We study the nonequilibrium steady-state of interacting photons in cavity\narrays as described by the driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard and spin-$1/2$ XY\nmodel. For this purpose, we develop a self-consistent expansion in the inverse\ncoordination number of the array ($\\sim 1/z$) to solve the Lindblad master\nequation of these systems beyond the mean-field approximation. Our formalism is\ncompared and benchmarked with exact numerical methods for small systems based\non an exact diagonalization of the Liouvillian and a recently developed\ncorner-space renormalization technique. We then apply this method to obtain\ninsights beyond mean-field in two particular settings: (i) We show that the\ngas--liquid transition in the driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model is\ncharacterized by large density fluctuations and bunched photon statistics. (ii)\nWe study the antibunching--bunching transition of the nearest-neighbor\ncorrelator in the driven-dissipative spin-$1/2$ XY model and provide a simple\nexplanation of this phenomenon."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonergodicity and Central Limit Behavior for Long-range Hamiltonians: We present a molecular dynamics test of the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) in a\nparadigmatic long-range-interacting many-body classical Hamiltonian system, the\nHMF model. We calculate sums of velocities at equidistant times along\ndeterministic trajectories for different sizes and energy densities. We show\nthat, when the system is in a chaotic regime (specifically, at thermal\nequilibrium), ergodicity is essentially verified, and the Pdfs of the sums\nappear to be Gaussians, consistently with the standard CLT. When the system is,\ninstead, only weakly chaotic (specifically, along longstanding metastable\nQuasi-Stationary States), nonergodicity (i.e., discrepant ensemble and time\naverages) is observed, and robust $q$-Gaussian attractors emerge, consistently\nwith recently proved generalizations of the CLT.",
        "positive": "The Kovacs effect: a master equation analysis: The Kovacs or crossover effect is one of the peculiar behaviours exhibited by\nglasses and other complex, slowly relaxing systems. Roughly it consists in the\nnon-monotonic relaxation to its equilibrium value of a macroscopic property of\na system evolving at constant temperature, when starting from a non-equilibrium\nstate. Here, this effect is investigated for general systems whose dynamics is\ndescribed by a master equation. To carry out a detailed analysis, the limit of\nsmall perturbations in which linear response theory applies is considered. It\nis shown that, under very general conditions, the observed experimental\nfeatures of the Kovacs effect are recovered. The results are particularized for\na very simple model, a two-level system with dynamical disorder. An explicit\nanalytical expression for its non-monotonic relaxation function is obtained,\nshowing a resonant-like behaviour when the dependence on the temperature is\ninvestigated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free energy, friction, and mass profiles from short molecular dynamics\n  trajectories: We address the problem of constructing accurate mathematical models of the\ndynamics of molecular systems projected on a collective variable. To this aim\nwe introduce an algorithm optimizing the parameters of a standard or\ngeneralized Langevin equation until the latter reproduces in a faithful way a\nset of molecular dynamics trajectories. In particular, using solvated proline\ndipeptide as a test case, we report evidence that ~100 short trajectories\ninitiated at the top of a high barrier encode all the information needed to\nreconstruct free energy, friction, and mass profiles, including non-Markovian\neffects. The approach allows accessing the thermodynamics and kinetics of\nactivated processes in a conceptually direct way, it employs only standard\nunbiased molecular dynamics trajectories, and is competitive in computational\ncost with respect to existing enhanced sampling methods. Furthermore, the\nsystematic construction of Langevin models for different choices of collective\nvariables starting from the same initial data could help in reaction coordinate\noptimization.",
        "positive": "Finite-size effects for anisotropic bootstrap percolation: logarithmic\n  corrections: In this note we analyze an anisotropic, two-dimensional bootstrap percolation\nmodel introduced by Gravner and Griffeath. We present upper and lower bounds on\nthe finite-size effects. We discuss the similarities with the semi-oriented\nmodel introduced by Duarte."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The regulator dependence in the functional renormalization group: a\n  quantitative explanation: The search of controlled approximations to study strongly coupled systems\nremains a very general open problem. Wilson's renormalization group has shown\nto be an ideal framework to implement approximations going beyond perturbation\ntheory. In particular, the most employed approximation scheme in this context,\nthe derivative expansion, was recently shown to converge and yield accurate and\nvery precise results. However, this convergence strongly depends on the shape\nof the employed regulator. In this letter we clarify the reason for this\ndependence and justify, simultaneously, the most largely employed procedure to\nfix this dependence, the principle of minimal sensitivity.",
        "positive": "Coarsening dynamics in a two-species zero-range process: We consider a zero-range process with two species of interacting particles.\nThe steady state phase diagram of this model shows a variety of condensate\nphases in which a single site contains a finite fraction of all the particles\nin the system. Starting from a homogeneous initial distribution, we study the\ncoarsening dynamics in each of these condensate phases, which is expected to\nfollow a scaling law. Random walk arguments are used to predict the coarsening\nexponents in each condensate phase. They are shown to depend on the form of the\nhop rates and on the symmetry of the hopping dynamics. The analytic predictions\nare found to be in good agreement with the results of Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Langevin equation and effective temperature for particle\n  interacting with spatially extended environment: We investigate a novel type of Langevin model that describes the\nnonequilibrium dynamics of a classical particle interacting with a spatially\nextended environment. In this model, a particle, which interacts with the\nenvironment through the nonlinear interaction Hamiltonian, is driven by a\nconstant external force, and subsequently, it reaches a nontrivial\nnonequilibrium steady state. We derive an effective Langevin equation for the\nparticle in the nonequilibrium steady states. Using this equation, we calculate\nthe effective temperature defined as the ratio of the correlation function of\nthe velocity fluctuation to the linear response function with respect to a\nsmall perturbation. As a result, it is shown that the effective temperature\nassociated with the time scale of the particle is identical to the kinetic\ntemperature if the time scale of the environment and that of the particle are\nwell separated. Furthermore, a noteworthy expression, which relates the kinetic\ntemperature with the curvature of the driving force-mean velocity curve, is\nderived.",
        "positive": "Two stories outside Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics: Mori's q-phase\n  transitions and glassy dynamics at the onset of chaos: First, we analyze trajectories inside the Feigenbaum attractor and obtain the\natypical weak sensitivity to initial conditions and loss of information\nassociated to their dynamics. We identify the Mori singularities in its\nLyapunov spectrum with the appearance of a special value for the entropic index\nq of the Tsallis statistics. Secondly, the dynamics of iterates at the\nnoise-perturbed transition to chaos is shown to exhibit the characteristic\nelements of the glass transition, e.g. two-step relaxation, aging, subdiffusion\nand arrest. The properties of the bifurcation gap induced by the noise are seen\nto be comparable to those of a supercooled liquid above a glass transition\ntemperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A fractional diffusion equation for two-point probability distributions\n  of a continuous-time random walk: Continuous time random walks are non-Markovian stochastic processes, which\nare only partly characterized by single-time probability distributions. We\nderive a closed evolution equation for joint two-point probability density\nfunctions of a subdiffusive continuous time random walk, which can be\nconsidered as a generalization of the known single-time fractional diffusion\nequation to two-time probability distributions. The solution of this\ngeneralized diffusion equation is given as an integral transformation of the\nprobability distribution of an ordinary diffusion process, where the integral\nkernel is generated by an inverse L\\'evy stable process. Explicit expressions\nfor the two time moments of a diffusion process are given, which could be\nreadily compared with the ones determined from experiments.",
        "positive": "Elastic backbone defines a new transition in the percolation model: The elastic backbone is the set of all shortest paths. We found a new phase\ntransition at $p_{eb}$ above the classical percolation threshold at which the\nelastic backbone becomes dense. At this transition in $2d$ its fractal\ndimension is $1.750\\pm 0.003$, and one obtains a novel set of critical\nexponents $\\beta_{eb} = 0.50\\pm 0.02$, $\\gamma_{eb} = 1.97\\pm 0.05$, and\n$\\nu_{eb} = 2.00\\pm 0.02$ fulfilling consistent critical scaling laws.\nInterestingly, however, the hyperscaling relation is violated. Using Binder's\ncumulant, we determine, with high precision, the critical probabilities\n$p_{eb}$ for the triangular and tilted square lattice for site and bond\npercolation. This transition describes a sudden rigidification as a function of\ndensity when stretching a damaged tissue."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation of Fluctuations in the Ising Model: a Transition without\n  Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: The ferromagnetic transition in the Ising model is the paradigmatic example\nof ergodicity breaking accompanied by symmetry breaking. It is routinely\nassumed that the thermodynamic limit is taken with free or periodic boundary\nconditions. More exotic symmetry-preserving boundary conditions, like\ncylindrical antiperiodic, are less frequently used for special tasks, such as\nthe study of phase coexistence or the roughening of an interface. Here we show,\ninstead, that when the thermodynamic limit is taken with these boundary\nconditions, a novel type of transition takes place below $T_c$ (the usual Ising\ntransition temperature) without breaking neither ergodicity nor symmetry. Then,\nthe low temperature phase is characterized by a regime (condensation) of strong\nmagnetization's fluctuations which replaces the usual ferromagnetic ordering.\nThis is due to critical correlations perduring for all T below Tc. The argument\nis developed exactly in the $d=1$ case and numerically in the d=2 case.",
        "positive": "Extinction transition on diffusive substrate: a different universality\n  class?: The extinction transition on a one dimensional heterogeneous substrate with\ndiffusive correlations is studied. Diffusively correlated heterogeneity is\nshown to affect the location of the transition point, as the reactants adapt to\nthe fluctuating environment. At the transition point the density decays like\n$t^{-0.159}$, as predicted by the theory of directed percolation. However, the\nscaling function describing the behavior away from the transition shows\nsignificant deviations from the DP predictions; it is suggested, thus, that the\noff-transition behavior of the system is governed by local adaptation to\nfavored regions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Survival in two-species reaction-superdiffusion system: Renormalization\n  group treatment and numerical simulations: We analyze the two-species reaction-diffusion system including trapping\nreaction $A + B \\to A$ as well as coagulation/annihilation reactions $A + A \\to\n(A,0)$ where particles of both species are performing L\\'evy flights with\ncontrol parameter $0 < \\sigma < 2$, known to lead to superdiffusive behaviour.\nThe density, as well as the correlation function for target particles $B$ in\nsuch systems, are known to scale with nontrivial universal exponents at space\ndimension $d \\leq d_{c}$. Applying the renormalization group formalism we\ncalculate these exponents in a case of superdiffusion below the critical\ndimension $d_c=\\sigma$. The numerical simulations in one-dimensional case are\nperformed as well. The quantitative estimates for the decay exponent of the\ndensity of survived particles $B$ are in good agreement with our analytical\nresults. In particular, it is found that the surviving probability of the\ntarget particles in a superdiffusive regime is higher than that in a system\nwith ordinary diffusion.",
        "positive": "Defect-induced incompatibility of elastic strains: dislocations within\n  the Landau theory of martensitic phase transformations: In dislocation-free martensites the components of the elastic strain tensor\nare constrained by the Saint-Venant compatibility condition which guarantees\ncontinuity of the body during external loading. However, in dislocated\nmaterials the plastic part of the distortion tensor introduces a displacement\nmismatch that is removed by elastic relaxation. The elastic strains are then no\nlonger compatible in the sense of the Saint-Venant law and the ensuing\nincompatibility tensor is shown to be proportional to the gradients of the Nye\ndislocation density tensor. We demonstrate that the presence of this\nincompatibility gives rise to an additional long-range contribution in the\ninhomogeneous part of the Landau energy functional and to the corresponding\nstress fields. Competition amongst the local and long-range interactions\nresults in frustration in the evolving order parameter (elastic) texture. We\nshow how the Peach-Koehler forces and stress fields for any distribution of\ndislocations in arbitrarily anisotropic media can be calculated and employed in\na Fokker-Planck dynamics for the dislocation density. This approach represents\na self-consistent scheme that yields the evolutions of both the order parameter\nfield and the continuous dislocation density. We illustrate our method by\nstudying the effects of dislocations on microstructure, particularly twinned\ndomain walls, in an Fe-Pd alloy undergoing a martensitic transformation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Some Insights in Superdiffusive Transport: In this paper we deal with high-order corrections for the Fractional\nDerivative approach to anomalous diffusion, in super-diffusive regime, which\nbecome relevand whenever one attempts to describe the behavior of particles\nclose to normal diffusion.",
        "positive": "Exact Mapping Noisy van der Pol Type Oscillator onto Quasi-symplectic\n  Dynamics: We find exact mappings for a class of limit cycle systems with noise onto\nquasi-symplectic dynamics, including a van der Pol type oscillator. A dual role\npotential function is obtained as a component of the quasi-symplectic dynamics.\nBased on a stochastic interpretation different from the traditional Ito's and\nStratonovich's, we show the corresponding steady state distribution is the\nfamiliar Boltzmann-Gibbs type for arbitrary noise strength. The result provides\na new angle for understanding processes without detailed balance and can be\nverified by experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Thermodynamics of Learning: Virtually every organism gathers information about its noisy environment and\nbuilds models from that data, mostly using neural networks. Here, we use\nstochastic thermodynamics to analyse the learning of a classification rule by a\nneural network. We show that the information acquired by the network is bounded\nby the thermodynamic cost of learning and introduce a learning efficiency\n$\\eta\\le1$. We discuss the conditions for optimal learning and analyse Hebbian\nlearning in the thermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "Critical line of honeycomb-lattice anisotropic Ising antiferromagnets in\n  a field: We use numerical transfer-matrix methods, together with finite-size scaling\nand conformal invariance concepts, to discuss critical properties of\ntwo-dimensional honeycomb-lattice Ising spin-1/2 magnets, with couplings which\nare antiferromagnetic along at least one lattice axis, in a uniform external\nfield. We focus mainly on the shape of the phase diagram in field-temperature\nparameter space; in order to do so, both the order and universality class of\nthe underlying phase transition are examined. Our results indicate that, in one\nparticular case studied, the critical line has a horizontal section (i.e. at\nconstant field) of finite length, starting at the zero-temperature end of the\nphase boundary. Other than that, we find no evidence of unusual behavior, at\nvariance with the reentrant features predicted in earlier studies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field theory for trapped atomic gases: In this course we give a selfcontained introduction to the quantum field\ntheory for trapped atomic gases, using functional methods throughout. We\nconsider both equilibrium and nonequilibrium phenomena. In the equilibrium\ncase, we first derive the appropriate Hartree-Fock theory for the properties of\nthe gas in the normal phase. We then turn our attention to the properties of\nthe gas in the superfluid phase, and present a microscopic derivation of the\nBogoliubov and Popov theories of Bose-Einstein condensation and the\nBardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity. The former are\napplicable to trapped bosonic gases such as rubidium, lithium, sodium and\nhydrogen, and the latter in particular to the fermionic isotope of atomic\nlithium. In the nonequilibrium case, we discuss various topics for which a\nfield-theoretical approach is especially suited, because they involve physics\nthat is not contained in the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Examples are quantum\nkinetic theory, the growth and collapse of a Bose condensate, the phase\ndynamics of bosonic and fermionic superfluids, and the collisionless collective\nmodes of a Bose gas below the critical temperature.",
        "positive": "Vortex lattices in a stirred Bose-Einstein condensate: We stir with a focused laser beam a Bose-Einstein condensate of $^{87}$Rb\natoms confined in a magnetic trap. We observe the formation of a single vortex\nfor a stirring frequency exceeding a critical value. At larger rotation\nfrequencies we produce states of the condensate for which up to eleven vortices\nare simultaneously present. We present measurements of the decay of a vortex\narray once the stirring laser beam is removed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation dynamics of the toric code in contact with a thermal\n  reservoir: Finite-size scaling in a low temperature regime: We present an analysis of the relaxation dynamics of finite-size topological\nqubits in contact with a thermal bath. Using a continuous-time Monte Carlo\nmethod, we explicitly compute the low-temperature nonequilibrium dynamics of\nthe toric code on finite lattices. In contrast to the size-independent bound\npredicted for the toric code in the thermodynamic limit, we identify a\nlow-temperature regime on finite lattices below a size-dependent crossover\ntemperature with nontrivial finite-size and temperature scaling of the\nrelaxation time. We demonstrate how this nontrivial finite-size scaling is\ngoverned by the scaling of topologically nontrivial two-dimensional classical\nrandom walks. The transition out of this low-temperature regime defines a\ndynamical finite-size crossover temperature that scales inversely with the log\nof the system size, in agreement with a crossover temperature defined from\nequilibrium properties. We find that both the finite-size and\nfinite-temperature scaling are stronger in the low-temperature regime than\nabove the crossover temperature. Since this finite-temperature scaling competes\nwith the scaling of the robustness to unitary perturbations, this analysis may\nelucidate the scaling of memory lifetimes of possible physical realizations of\ntopological qubits.",
        "positive": "Langevin equation with Coulomb friction: We propose a Langevin model with Coulomb friction. Through the analysis of\nthe corresponding Fokker-Planck equation, we have obtained the steady velocity\ndistribution function under the influence of the external field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimization of the Mean First Passage Time in Near-Disk and Elliptical\n  Domains in 2-D with Small Absorbing Traps: The determination of the mean first passage time (MFPT) for a Brownian\nparticle in a bounded 2-D domain containing small absorbing traps is a\nfundamental problem with biophysical applications. The average MFPT is the\nexpected capture time assuming a uniform distribution of starting points for\nthe random walk. We develop a hybrid asymptotic-numerical approach to predict\noptimal configurations of $m$ small stationary circular absorbing traps that\nminimize the average MFPT in near-disk and elliptical domains. For a general\nclass of near-disk domains, we illustrate through several specific examples how\nsimple, but yet highly accurate, numerical methods can be used to implement the\nasymptotic theory. From the derivation of a new explicit formula for the\nNeumann Green's function and its regular part for the ellipse, a numerical\napproach based on our asymptotic theory is used to investigate how the spatial\ndistribution of the optimal trap locations changes as the aspect ratio of an\nellipse of fixed area is varied. The results from the hybrid theory for the\nellipse are compared with full PDE numerical results computed from the closest\npoint method \\cite{IWWC2019}. For long and thin ellipses, it is shown that the\noptimal trap pattern for $m=2,\\ldots,5$ identical traps is collinear along the\nsemi-major axis of the ellipse. For such essentially 1-D patterns, a\nthin-domain asymptotic analysis is formulated and implemented to accurately\npredict the optimal locations of collinear trap patterns and the corresponding\noptimal average MFPT.",
        "positive": "Gradual Diffusive Capture: Slow Death by Many Mosquito Bites: We study the dynamics of a single diffusing particle (a \"man\") with\ndiffusivity $D_M$ that is attacked by another diffusing particle (a \"mosquito\")\nwith fixed diffusivity $D_m$. Each time the mosquito meets and bites the man,\nthe diffusivity of the man is reduced by a fixed amount, while the diffusivity\nof the mosquito is unchanged. The mosquito is also displaced by a small\ndistance $\\pm a$ with respect to the man after each encounter. The man is\ndefined as dead when $D_M$ reaches zero. At the moment when the man dies, his\nprobability distribution of displacements $x$ is given by a Cauchy form, which\nasymptotically decays as $x^{-2}$, while the distribution of times $t$ when the\nman dies asymptotically decays as $t^{-3/2}$, which has the same form as the\none-dimensional first-passage probability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Short distance correlators in the XXZ spin chain for arbitrary string\n  distributions: In this letter we consider expectation values of local correlators in highly\nexcited states of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain. Assuming that the string hypothesis\nholds we formulate the following conjecture: The correlation functions can be\ncomputed using the known factorized formulas of the finite temperature\nsituation, if the building blocks are computed via certain linear integral\nequations using the string densities only. We prove this statement for the\nnearest neighbour z-z correlator for states with arbitrary string densities.\nAlso, we check the conjecture numerically for other correlators in the finite\ntemperature case. Our results pave the way towards the computation of the\nstationary values of correlators in non-equilibrium situations using the\nso-called quench-action approach.",
        "positive": "Exact results for the Kardar--Parisi--Zhang equation with spatially\n  correlated noise: We investigate the Kardar--Parisi--Zhang (KPZ) equation in $d$ spatial\ndimensions with Gaussian spatially long--range correlated noise ---\ncharacterized by its second moment $R(\\vec{x}-\\vec{x}') \\propto\n|\\vec{x}-\\vec{x}'|^{2\\rho-d}$ --- by means of dynamic field theory and the\nrenormalization group. Using a stochastic Cole--Hopf transformation we derive\n{\\em exact} exponents and scaling functions for the roughening transition and\nthe smooth phase above the lower critical dimension $d_c = 2 (1+\\rho)$. Below\nthe lower critical dimension, there is a line $\\rho_*(d)$ marking the stability\nboundary between the short-range and long-range noise fixed points. For $\\rho\n\\geq \\rho_*(d)$, the general structure of the renormalization-group equations\nfixes the values of the dynamic and roughness exponents exactly, whereas above\n$\\rho_*(d)$, one has to rely on some perturbational techniques. We discuss the\nlocation of this stability boundary $\\rho_* (d)$ in light of the exact results\nderived in this paper, and from results known in the literature. In particular,\nwe conjecture that there might be two qualitatively different strong-coupling\nphases above and below the lower critical dimension, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum many-body Jarzynski equality and dissipative noise on a digital\n  quantum computer: The quantum Jarzynski equality and the Crooks relation are fundamental laws\nconnecting equilibrium processes with nonequilibrium fluctuations. They are\npromising tools to benchmark quantum devices and measure free energy\ndifferences. While they are well established theoretically and also\nexperimental realizations for few-body systems already exist, their\nexperimental validity in the quantum many-body regime has not been observed so\nfar. Here, we present results for nonequilibrium protocols in systems with up\nto sixteen interacting degrees of freedom obtained on trapped ion and\nsuperconducting qubit quantum computers, which test the quantum Jarzynski\nequality and the Crooks relation in the many-body regime. To achieve this, we\novercome present-day limitations in the preparation of thermal ensembles and in\nthe measurement of work distributions on noisy intermediate-scale quantum\ndevices. We discuss the accuracy to which the Jarzynski equality holds on\ndifferent quantum computing platforms subject to platform-specific errors. The\nanalysis reveals the validity of Jarzynski's equality in a regime with energy\ndissipation, compensated for by a fast unitary drive. This provides new\ninsights for analyzing errors in many-body quantum simulators.",
        "positive": "Macroscopic material properties from quasi-static, microscopic\n  simulations of a two-dimensional shear-cell: One of the essential questions in the area of granular matter is, how to\nobtain macroscopic tensorial quantities like stress and strain from\n``microscopic'' quantities like the contact forces in a granular assembly.\nDifferent averaging strategies are introduced, tested, and used to obtain\nvolume fractions, coordination numbers, and fabric properties. We derive anew\nthe non-trivial relation for the stress tensor that allows a straightforward\ncalculation of the mean stress from discrete element simulations and comment on\nthe applicability. Furthermore, we derive the ``elastic'' (reversible) mean\ndisplacement gradient, based on a best-fit hypothesis. Finally, different\ncombinations of the tensorial quantities are used to compute some material\nproperties.\n  The bulk modulus, i.e. the stiffness of the granulate, is a linear function\nof the trace of the fabric tensor which itself is proportional to the density\nand the coordination number. The fabric, the stress and the strain tensors are\n{\\em not} co-linear so that a more refined analysis than a classical elasticity\ntheory is required."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on ``Self-organized criticality and absorbing states: Lessons\n  from the Ising model\": According to Pruessner and Peters [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 73}, 025106(R) (2006)],\nthe finite size scaling exponents of the order parameter in sandpile models\ndepend on the tuning of driving and dissipation rates with system size. We\npoint out that the same is not true for {\\em avalanches} in the slow driving\nlimit.",
        "positive": "Double Transition in a Model of Oscillating Percolation: Two distinct transition points have been observed in a problem of lattice\npercolation studied using a system of pulsating discs. Sites on a regular\nlattice are occupied by circular discs whose radii vary sinusoidally within\n$[0,R_0]$ starting from a random distribution of phase angles. A lattice bond\nis said to be connected when its two end discs overlap with each other.\nDepending on the difference of the phase angles of these discs a bond may be\ntermed as dead or live. While a dead bond can never be connected, a live bond\nis connected at least once in a complete time period. Two different time scales\ncan be associated with such a system, leading to two transition points. Namely,\na percolation transition occurs at $R_{0c} =0.908$ when a spanning cluster of\nconnected bonds emerges in the system. Here, information propagates across the\nsystem instantly, i.e., with infinite speed. Secondly, there exists another\ntransition point $R_0^* = 0.5907$ where the giant cluster of live bonds spans\nthe lattice. In this case the information takes finite time to propagate across\nthe system through the dynamical evolution of finite size clusters. This\npassage time diverges as $R_0 \\to R_0^*$ from above. Both the transitions\nexhibit the critical behavior of ordinary percolation transition. The entire\nscenario is robust with respect to the distribution of frequencies of the\nindividual discs. This study may be relevant in the context of wireless sensor\nnetworks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature-abnormal diffusivity in underdamped space-periodic systems\n  driven by external time-periodic force: We present a study of diffusion enhancement of underdamped Brownian particles\nin 1D symmetric space-periodic potential due to external symmetric\ntime-periodic forcing with zero mean. We show that the diffusivity can be\nenhanced by many orders of magnitude at appropriate choice of the forcing\namplitude and frequency. The diffusivity demonstrates TAD, abnormal\n(decreasing) temperature dependence at forcing amplitudes exceeding certain\nvalue. At any fixed forcing frequency $\\Omega$ normal temperature dependence of\nthe diffusivity is restored at low enough temperatures,\n$T<T_\\textrm{TAD}(\\Omega)$ --- in contrast with the problem with constant\nexternal forcing. At fixed temperature at small forcing frequency the\ndiffusivity either slowly decreases with $\\Omega$, or (at stronger forcing)\ngoes through a maximum near $\\Omega_2$, reciprocal superdiffusion stage\nduration. At high frequencies, between $\\Omega_2$ and a fraction of the\noscillation frequency at the potential minimum, the diffusivity is shown to\ndecrease with $\\Omega$ according to a power law, with exponent related to the\ntransient superdiffusion exponent. This behavior is found similar for the cases\nof sinusoidal in time and piecewise constant periodic (\"square\") forcing.",
        "positive": "Conservation-Dissipation Formalism for Soft Matter Physics: I.\n  Equivalence with Doi's Variational Approach: In this paper, we proved that by choosing the proper variational function and\nvariables, the variational approach proposed by M. Doi in soft matter physics\nwas equivalent to the Conservation-Dissipation Formalism. To illustrate the\ncorrespondence between these two theories, several novel examples in soft\nmatter physics, including particle diffusion in dilute solutions, polymer phase\nseparation dynamics and nematic liquid crystal flows, were carefully examined.\nBased on our work, a deep connection among the generalized Gibbs relation, the\nsecond law of thermodynamics and the variational principle in non-equilibrium\nthermodynamics was revealed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous diffusion in silo drainage: The silo discharge process is studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The\ndevelopment of the velocity profile and the probability density function for\nthe displacements in the horizontal and vertical axis are obtained. The PDFs\nobtained at the beginning of the discharge reveal non-Gaussian statistics and\nsuperdiffusive behaviors. When the stationary flow is developed, the PDFs at\nshorter temporal scales are non-Gaussian too. For big orifices a well defined\ntransition between ballistic and diffusive regime is observed. In the case of a\nsmall outlet orifice, no well defined transition is observed. We use a\nnonlinear diffusion equation introduced in the framework of non-extensive\nthermodynamics in order to describe the movements of the grains. The solution\nof this equation gives a well defined relationship ($\\gamma = 2/(3-q)$) between\nthe anomalous diffusion exponent $\\gamma$ and the entropic parameter $q$\nintroduced by the non-extensive formalism to fit the PDF of the fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Condensed vortex ground states of rotating Bose-Einstein condensate in\n  harmonic atomic trap: We study a system of $N$ Bose atoms trapped by a symmetric harmonic\npotential, interacting via weak central forces. Considering the ground state of\nthe rotating system as a function of the two conserved quantities, the total\nangular momentum and its collective component, we develop an algebraic approach\nto derive exact wave functions and energies of these ground states. We describe\na broad class of the interactions for which these results are valid. This\nuniversality class is defined by simple integral condition on the potential.\nMost of the potentials of practical interest which have pronounced repulsive\ncomponent belong to this universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Fokker-Planck equation for bistable potential in the optimized\n  expansion: The optimized expansion is used to formulate a systematic approximation\nscheme to the probability distribution of a stochastic system. The first order\napproximation for the one-dimensional system driven by noise in an anharmonic\npotential is shown to agree well with the exact solution of the Fokker-Planck\nequation. Even for a bistable system the whole period of evolution to\nequilibrium is correctly described at various noise intensities.",
        "positive": "Critical behavior at the interface between two systems belonging to\n  different universality classes: We consider the critical behavior at an interface which separates two\nsemi-infinite subsystems belonging to different universality classes, thus\nhaving different set of critical exponents, but having a common transition\ntemperature. We solve this problem analytically in the frame of mean-field\ntheory, which is then generalized using phenomenological scaling\nconsiderations. A large variety of interface critical behavior is obtained\nwhich is checked numerically on the example of two-dimensional q-state Potts\nmodels with q=2 to 4. Weak interface couplings are generally irrelevant,\nresulting in the same critical behavior at the interface as for a free surface.\nWith strong interface couplings, the interface remains ordered at the bulk\ntransition temperature. More interesting is the intermediate situation, the\nspecial interface transition, when the critical behavior at the interface\ninvolves new critical exponents, which however can be expressed in terms of the\nbulk and surface exponents of the two subsystems. We discuss also the smooth or\ndiscontinuous nature of the order parameter profile."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Trapping Dynamics with Gated Traps: Stochastic Resonance-Like Phenomenon: We present a simple one-dimensional trapping model prompted by the problem of\nion current across biological membranes. The trap is modeled mimicking the\nionic channel membrane behaviour. Such voltage-sensitive channels are open or\nclosed depending on the value taken by a potential. Here we have assumed that\nthe external potential has two contributions: a determinist periodic and a\nstochastic one. Our model shows a resonant-like maximum when we plot the\namplitude of the oscillations in the absorption current vs. noise intensity.\nThe model was solved both numerically and using an analytic approximation and\nwas found to be in good accord with numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Second Law in Classical Non-Extensive Systems: Equilibrium statistics of Hamiltonian systems is correctly described by the\nmicrocanonical ensemble, whereas canonical ones fail in the most interesting,\nmostly inhomogeneous, situations like phase separations or away from the\nthermodynamic ``limit'' (e.g. self-gravitating systems and small quantum\nsystems). A new derivation of the Second Law is presented that respects these\nfundamental complications. Our ``geometric foundation of Thermo-Statistics''\nopens the fundamental (axiomatic) application of Thermo-Statistics to\nnon-diluted systems or to ``non-simple'' systems which are not similar to\n(homogeneous) fluids. Supprisingly, but also understandably, a so far open\nproblem c.f. Uffink: cond-mat/0005327, page 50 and page 72."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cooling classical particles with a microcanonical Szilard engine: We discuss the possibility of extraction of energy from a single heat bath in\na cyclic process, under some special initial conditions. We give an explicit\nexample in which a system initially prepared in a microcanonical ensemble, is\nable to perform such operation. The example is similar to the Szilard engine,\nbut the microcanonical initial condition allows us to design a protocol where\nmeasurement is not necessary. We also discuss the limitations and possible\nextensions of this microcanonical Szilard engine.",
        "positive": "Tagged particle dynamics in one dimensional $A+ A \\to kA$ models with\n  the particles biased to diffuse towards their nearest neighbour: Dynamical features of tagged particles are studied in a one dimensional $A+A\n\\rightarrow kA$ system for $k=0$ and 1, where the particles $A$ have a bias\n$\\epsilon$ $(0 \\leq \\epsilon \\leq 0.5)$ to hop one step in the direction of\ntheir nearest neighboring particle. $\\epsilon=0$ represents purely diffusive\nmotion and $\\epsilon=0.5$ represents purely deterministic motion of the\nparticles. We show that for any $\\epsilon$, there is a time scale $t^*$ which\ndemarcates the dynamics of the particles. Below $t^*$, the dynamics are\ngoverned by the annihilation of the particles, and the particle motions are\nhighly correlated, while for $t \\gg t^*$, the particles move as independent\nbiased walkers. $t^*$ diverges as $(\\epsilon_c-\\epsilon)^{-\\gamma}$, where\n$\\gamma=1$ and $\\epsilon_c =0.5$. $\\epsilon_c$ is a critical point of the\ndynamics. At $\\epsilon_c$, the probability $S(t)$, that a walker changes\ndirection of its path at time $t$, decays as $S(t) \\sim t^{-1}$ and the\ndistribution $D(\\tau)$ of the time interval $\\tau$ between consecutive changes\nin the direction of a typical walker decays with a power law as $D(\\tau) \\sim\n\\tau^{-2}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin-Charge Separation, Anomalous Scaling and the Coherence of Hopping\n  in exactly solved Two Chain Models: The coherence of transport between two one-dimensional interacting Fermi\nliquids, coupled by single particle hopping and interchain interaction, is\nexamined in the context of two exactly soluble models. It is found that the\ncoherence of the inter-chain hopping depends on the interplay between\ninter-chain hopping and inter-chain interaction terms, and not simply on the\nground state spectral properties of an isolated chain. Specifically, the\nsplitting of levels in associated with interchain hopping in a $g_4$ soluble\nmodel is found to be enhanced by the introduction of interchain interaction. It\nis also shown that, for an exactly solvable model with both $g_2$ and $g_4$\ninteractions, coherent interchain hopping coexists with anomalous scaling and\nnon-Fermi liquid behavior in the chain direction.",
        "positive": "Scaling Behavior of Cyclical Surface Growth: The scaling behavior of cyclical surface growth (e.g. deposition/desorption),\nwith the number of cycles n, is investigated. The roughness of surfaces grown\nby two linear primary processes follows a scaling behavior with asymptotic\nexponents inherited from the dominant process while the effective amplitudes\nare determined by both. Relevant non-linear effects in the primary processes\nmay remain so or be rendered irrelevant. Numerical simulations for several\npairs of generic primary processes confirm these conclusions. Experimental\nresults for the surface roughness during cyclical electrodeposition/dissolution\nof silver show a power-law dependence on n, consistent with the scaling\ndescription."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact out-of-equilibrium steady states in the semiclassical limit of the\n  interacting Bose gas: We study the out-of-equilibrium properties of a classical integrable\nnon-relativistic theory, with a time evolution initially prepared with a finite\nenergy density in the thermodynamic limit. The theory considered here is the\nNon-Linear Schrodinger equation which describes the dynamics of the\none-dimensional interacting Bose gas in the regime of high occupation numbers.\nThe main emphasis is on the determination of the late-time Generalised Gibbs\nEnsemble (GGE), which can be efficiently semi-numerically computed on arbitrary\ninitial states, completely solving the famous quench problem in the classical\nregime. We take advantage of known results in the quantum model and the\nsemiclassical limit to achieve new exact results for the momenta of the density\noperator on arbitrary GGEs, which we successfully compare with ab-initio\nnumerical simulations. Furthermore, we determine the whole probability\ndistribution of the density operator (full counting statistics), whose exact\nexpression is still out of reach in the quantum model.",
        "positive": "Static and dynamic properties of Single-Chain Magnets with sharp and\n  broad domain walls: We discuss time-quantified Monte-Carlo simulations on classical spin chains\nwith uniaxial anisotropy in relation to static calculations. Depending on the\nthickness of domain walls, controlled by the relative strength of the exchange\nand magnetic anisotropy energy, we found two distinct regimes in which both the\nstatic and dynamic behavior are different. For broad domain walls, the\ninterplay between localized excitations and spin waves turns out to be crucial\nat finite temperature. As a consequence, a different protocol should be\nfollowed in the experimental characterization of slow-relaxing spin chains with\nbroad domain walls with respect to the usual Ising limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-Organization Phenomena in Pedestrian Crowds: Pedestrian crowds can very realistically be simulated with a social force\nmodel which describes the different influences affecting individual pedestrian\nmotion by a few simple force terms. The model is able to reproduce the\nemergence of several empirically observed collective patterns of motion. These\nself-organization phenomena can be utilized for new flow optimization methods\nwhich are indispensable for skilful town- and traffic-planning.",
        "positive": "On the conversion efficiency of ultracold fermionic atoms to bosonic\n  molecules via Feshbach resonances: We explain why the experimental efficiency observed in the conversion of\nultracold Fermi gases of $^{40}$K and $^{6}$Li atoms into diatomic Bose gases\nis limited to 0.5 when the Feshbach resonance sweep rate is sufficiently slow\nto pass adiabatically through the Landau Zener transition but faster than ``the\ncollision rate'' in the gas, and increases beyond 0.5 when it is slower. The\n0.5 efficiency limit is due to the preparation of a statistical mixture of two\nspin-states, required to enable s-wave scattering. By constructing the\nmany-body state of the system we show that this preparation yields a mixture of\neven and odd parity pair-states, where only even parity can produce molecules.\nThe odd parity spin-symmetric states must decorrelate before the constituent\natoms can further Feshbach scatter thereby increasing the conversion\nefficiency; ``the collision rate'' is the pair decorrelation rate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Demixing and confinement in slit pores: Using Monte Carlo simulation, we study the influence of geometric confinement\non demixing for a series of symmetric non-additive hard spheres mixtures\nconfined in slit pores. We consider both a wide range of positive\nnon-additivities and a series of pore widths, ranging from the pure two\ndimensional limit to a large pore width where results are close to the bulk\nthree dimensional case. Critical parameters are extracted by means of finite\nsize analysis. We find that for this particular case in which demixing is\ninduced by volume effects, phase separation is in most cases somewhat impeded\nby spatial confinement. However, a non-monotonous dependence of the critical\npressure and density with pore size is found for small non-additivities. In\nthis latter case, it turns out that an otherwise stable bulk mixture can be\nforced to demix by simple geometric confinement when the pore width decreases\ndown to approximately one and a half molecular diameters.",
        "positive": "Degree-dependent intervertex separation in complex networks: We study the mean length $\\ell(k)$ of the shortest paths between a vertex of\ndegree $k$ and other vertices in growing networks, where correlations are\nessential. In a number of deterministic scale-free networks we observe a\npower-law correction to a logarithmic dependence, $\\ell(k) = A\\ln\n[N/k^{(\\gamma-1)/2}] - C k^{\\gamma-1}/N + ...$ in a wide range of network\nsizes. Here $N$ is the number of vertices in the network, $\\gamma$ is the\ndegree distribution exponent, and the coefficients $A$ and $C$ depend on a\nnetwork. We compare this law with a corresponding $\\ell(k)$ dependence obtained\nfor random scale-free networks growing through the preferential attachment\nmechanism. In stochastic and deterministic growing trees with an exponential\ndegree distribution, we observe a linear dependence on degree, $\\ell(k) \\cong\nA\\ln N - C k$. We compare our findings for growing networks with those for\nuncorrelated graphs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rate equation approach for correlations in growing network models: We propose a rate equation approach to compute two vertex correlations in\nscale-free growing network models based in the preferential attachment\nmechanism. The formalism, based on previous work of Szab\\'o \\textit{et al.}\n[Phys. Rev. E \\textbf{67} 056102 (2002)] for the clustering spectrum, measuring\nthree vertex correlations, is based on a rate equation in the continuous degree\nand time approximation for the average degree of the nearest neighbors of\nvertices of degree $k$, with an appropriate boundary condition. We study the\nproperties of both two and three vertex correlations for linear preferential\nattachment models, and also for a model yielding a large clustering\ncoefficient. The expressions obtained are checked by means of extensive\nnumerical simulations. The rate equation proposed can be generalized to more\nsophisticated growing network models, and also extended to deal with related\ncorrelation measures. As an example, we consider the case of a recently\nproposed model of weighted networks, for which we are able to compute a\nweighted two vertex correlation function, taking into account the strength of\nthe interactions between connected vertices.",
        "positive": "Inferring entropy from structure: The thermodynamic definition of entropy can be extended to nonequilibrium\nsystems based on its relation to information. To apply this definition in\npractice requires access to the physical system's microstates, which may be\nprohibitively inefficient to sample or difficult to obtain experimentally. It\nis beneficial, therefore, to relate the entropy to other integrated properties\nwhich are accessible out of equilibrium. We focus on the structure factor,\nwhich describes the spatial correlations of density fluctuations and can be\ndirectly measured by scattering. The information gained by a given structure\nfactor regarding an otherwise unknown system provides an upper bound for the\nsystem's entropy. We find that the maximum-entropy model corresponds to an\nequilibrium system with an effective pair-interaction. Approximate closed-form\nrelations for the effective pair-potential and the resulting entropy in terms\nof the structure factor are obtained. As examples, the relations are used to\nestimate the entropy of an exactly solvable model and two simulated systems out\nof equilibrium. The focus is on low-dimensional examples, where our method, as\nwell as a recently proposed compression-based one, can be tested against a\nrigorous direct-sampling technique. The entropy inferred from the structure\nfactor is found to be consistent with the other methods, superior for larger\nsystem sizes, and accurate in identifying global transitions. Our approach\nallows for extensions of the theory to more complex systems and to higher-order\ncorrelations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time scales of supercooled water and implications for reversible\n  polyamorphism: Deeply supercooled water exhibits complex dynamics with large density\nfluctuations, ice coarsening and characteristic time scales extending from\npicoseconds to milliseconds. Here, we discuss implications of these time scales\nas they pertain to two-phase coexistence and to molecular simulations of\nsupercooled water. Specifically, we argue that it is possible to discount\nliquid-liquid criticality because the time scales imply that correlation\nlengths for such behavior would be bounded by no more than a few nanometers.\nSimilarly, it is possible to discount two-liquid coexistence because the time\nscales imply a bounded interfacial free energy that cannot grow in proportion\nto a macroscopic surface area. From time scales alone, therefore, we see that\ncoexisting domains of differing density in supercooled water can be no more\nthan nano-scale transient fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Pair Correlations in Scale-Free Networks: Correlation between nodes is found to be a common and important property in\nmany complex networks. Here we investigate degree correlations of the\nBarabasi-Albert (BA) Scale-Free model with both analytical results and\nsimulations, and find two neighboring regions, a disassortative one for low\ndegrees and a neutral one for high degrees. The average degree of the neighbors\nof a randomly picked node is expected to diverge in the limit of infinite\nnetwork size. As an generalization of the concept of correlation, we also study\nthe correlations of other scalar properties, including age and clustering\ncoefficient. Finally we propose a correlation measurement in bipartite\nnetworks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "AC Wien effect in spin ice, manifest in non-linear non-equilibrium\n  susceptibility: We predict the non-linear non-equilibrium response of a \"magnetolyte\", the\nCoulomb fluid of magnetic monopoles in spin ice. This involves an increase of\nthe monopole density due to the second Wien effect---a universal and robust\nenhancement for Coulomb systems in an external field---which in turn speeds up\nthe magnetization dynamics, manifest in a non-linear susceptibility. Along the\nway, we gain new insights into the AC version of the classic Wien effect. One\nstriking discovery is that of a frequency window where the Wien effect for\nmagnetolyte and electrolyte are indistinguishable, with the former exhibiting\nperfect symmetry between the charges. In addition, we find a new low-frequency\nregime where the growing magnetization counteracts the Wien effect. We discuss\nfor what parameters best to observe the AC Wien effect in Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$.",
        "positive": "Self-organization in two-dimensional swarms: We undertake a systematic numerical exploration of self-organized states in a\ndeterministic model of interacting self-propelled particles in two dimensions.\nIn the process, we identify various types of collective motion, namely,\ndisordered swarms, rings, and droplets. We construct a \"phase diagram,\" which\nsummarizes our results as it delineates phase transitions ?all discontinuous?\nbetween disordered swarms and vortical flocks on one hand and bound vortical\nflocks and expanding formations on the other. One of the transition lines is\nfound to have a close analogy with the temperature-driven gas-liquid\ntransition, in finite clusters with the same interparticle potential.\nFurthermore, we report on a type of flocking which takes place in the presence\nof a uniform external driver. Altogether, our results set a rather firm stage\nfor experimental refinement and/or falsification of this class of models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Silent Flocks: Experiments find coherent information transfer through biological groups on\nlength and time scales distinctly below those on which asymptotically correct\nhydrodynamic theories apply. We present here a new continuum theory of\ncollective motion coupling the velocity and density fields of Toner and Tu to\nthe inertial spin field recently introduced to describe information propagation\nin natural flocks of birds. The long-wavelength limit of the new equations\nreproduces Toner-Tu theory, while at shorter wavelengths (or, equivalently,\nsmaller damping), spin fluctuations dominate over density fluctuations and\nsecond sound propagation of the kind observed in real flocks emerges. We study\nthe dispersion relation of the new theory and find that when the speed of\nsecond sound is large, a gap sharply separates first from second sound modes.\nThis gap implies the existence of `silent' flocks, namely medium-sized systems\nacross which neither first nor second sound can propagate.",
        "positive": "Critical Slowing Down at the Abrupt Mott Transition: When the\n  First-Order Phase Transition Becomes Zeroth-Order and Looks Like Second-Order: We report that the thermally-induced Mott transition in vanadium sesquioxide\nshows critical-slowing-down and enhanced variance ('critical opalescence') of\nthe order parameter fluctuations measured through low-frequency\nresistance-noise spectroscopy. Coupled with the observed increase of also the\nphase-ordering time, these features suggest that the strong abrupt transition\nis controlled by a critical-like singularity in the hysteretic metastable\nphase. The singularity is identified with the spinodal point and is a likely\nconsequence of the strain-induced long-range interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium entanglement vanishes at finite temperature: We show that the equilibrium entanglement of a bipartite system having a\nfinite number of quantum states vanishes at finite temperature, for arbitrary\ninteractions between its constituents and with the environment.",
        "positive": "Schr\u00f6dinger cats escape confinement: We consider local quenches from initial states generated by a single spin\nflip in either the true or the false vacuum state of the confining quantum\nIsing spin chain in the ferromagnetic regime. Contrary to global quenches,\nwhere the light-cone behaviour is strongly suppressed, we find a significant\nlight-cone signal propagating with a nonzero velocity besides the expected\nlocalised oscillating component. Combining an analytic representation of the\ninitial state with a numerical description of the relevant excitations using\nthe two-fermion approximation, we can construct the spectrum of post-quench\nexcitations and their overlaps with the initial state, identifying the\nunderlying mechanism. For confining quenches built upon the true vacuum, the\npropagating signal consists of Schr{\\\"o}dinger cats of left and right-moving\nmesons escaping confinement. In contrast, for anti-confining quenches built\nupon the false vacuum, it is composed of Schr{\\\"o}dinger cats of left and\nright-moving bubbles which escape Wannier-Stark localisation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nature vs. Nurture: Predictability in Low-Temperature Ising Dynamics: Consider a dynamical many-body system with a random initial state\nsubsequently evolving through stochastic dynamics. What is the relative\nimportance of the initial state (\"nature\") vs. the realization of the\nstochastic dynamics (\"nurture\") in predicting the final state? We examined this\nquestion for the two-dimensional Ising ferromagnet following an initial deep\nquench from $T=\\infty$ to $T=0$. We performed Monte Carlo studies on the\noverlap between \"identical twins\" raised in independent dynamical environments,\nup to size $L=500$. Our results suggest an overlap decaying with time as\n$t^{-\\theta_h}$ with $\\theta_h = 0.22 \\pm 0.02$; the same exponent holds for a\nquench to low but nonzero temperature. This \"heritability exponent\" may equal\nthe persistence exponent for the 2D Ising ferromagnet, but the two differ more\ngenerally.",
        "positive": "Holographic interpretation of two-dimensional O(N) models coupled to\n  quantum gravity: Various two-dimensional O(N) models coupled to Euclidean quantum gravity,\nwhose intrinsic dimension is four, are shown to belong to universality classes\nof nongravitating statistical models in a lower number of dimensions. It is\nspeculated that the matching critical behaviors in the gravitating and\ndimensionally reduced models may be manifestations of the holographic\nprinciple."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coexistence of absolute negative mobility and anomalous diffusion: Using extensive numerical studies we demonstrate that absolute negative\nmobility of a Brownian particle (i.e. the net motion into the direction\nopposite to a constant biasing force acting around zero bias) does coexist with\nanomalous diffusion. The latter is characterized in terms of a nonlinear\nscaling with time of the mean-square deviation of the particle position. Such\nanomalous diffusion covers \"coherent\" motion (i.e. the position dynamics x(t)\napproaches in evolving time a constant dispersion), ballistic diffusion,\nsubdiffusion, superdiffusion and hyperdiffusion. In providing evidence for this\ncoexistence we consider a paradigmatic model of an inertial Brownian particle\nmoving in a one-dimensional symmetric periodic potential being driven by both\nan unbiased time-periodic force and a constant bias. This very setup allows for\nvarious sorts of different physical realizations.",
        "positive": "Dynamic Density Functional Theory of Fluids: We present a new time-dependent Density Functional approach to study the\nrelaxational dynamics of an assembly of interacting particles subject to\nthermal noise. Starting from the Langevin stochastic equations of motion for\nthe velocities of the particles we are able by means of an approximated closure\nto derive a self-consistent deterministic equation for the temporal evolution\nof the average particle density.\n  The closure is equivalent to assuming that the equal-time two-point\ncorrelation function out of equilibrium has the same properties as its\nequilibrium version.\n  The changes in time of the density depend on the functional derivatives of\nthe grand canonical free energy functional $F[\\rho]$ of the system. In\nparticular the static solutions of the equation for the density correspond to\nthe exact equilibrium profiles provided one is able to determine the exact form\nof $F[\\rho]$. In order to assess the validity of our approach we performed a\ncomparison between the Langevin dynamics and the dynamic density functional\nmethod for a one-dimensional hard-rod system in three relevant cases and found\nremarkable agreement, with some interesting exceptions, which are discussed and\nexplained. In addition, we consider the case where one is forced to use an\napproximate form of $F[\\rho]$.\n  Finally we compare the present method with the stochastic equation for the\ndensity proposed by other authors [Kawasaki,Kirkpatrick etc.] and discuss the\nrole of the thermal fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A map from 1d Quantum Field Theory to Quantum Chaos on a 2d Torus: Dynamics of a class of quantum field models on 1d lattice in Heisenberg\npicture is mapped into a class of `quantum chaotic' one-body systems on\nconfigurational 2d torus (or 2d lattice) in Schr\\\" odinger picture. Continuum\nfield limit of the former corresponds to quasi-classical limit of the latter.",
        "positive": "Towards a relevant set of state variables to describe static granular\n  packings: We analyze, experimentally and numerically, the steady states, obtained by\ntapping, of a 2D granular layer. Contrary to the usual assumption, we show that\nthe reversible (steady state branch) of the density--acceleration curve is\nnonmonotonous. Accordingly, steady states with the same mean volume can be\nreached by tapping the system with very different intensities. Simulations of\ndissipative frictional disks show that equal volume steady states have\ndifferent values of the force moment tensor. Additionally, we find that steady\nstates of equal stress can be obtained by changing the duration of the taps;\nhowever, these states present distinct mean volumes. These results confirm\nprevious speculations that the volume and the force moment tensor are both\nneeded to describe univocally equilibrium states in static granular assemblies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical linked cluster expansions for quantum quenches in one\n  dimensional lattices: We discuss the application of numerical linked cluster expansions (NLCEs) to\nstudy one dimensional lattice systems in thermal equilibrium and after quantum\nquenches from thermal equilibrium states. For the former, we calculate\nobservables in the grand canonical ensemble, and for the latter we calculate\nobservables in the diagonal ensemble. When converged, NLCEs provide results in\nthe thermodynamic limit. We use two different NLCEs - a maximally connected\nexpansion introduced in previous works and a site-based expansion. We compare\nthe effectiveness of both NLCEs. The site-based NLCE is found to work best for\nsystems in thermal equilibrium. However, in thermal equilibrium and after\nquantum quenches, the site-based NLCE can diverge when the maximally connected\none converges. We relate this divergence to the exponentially large number of\nclusters in the site-based NLCE and the behavior of the weights of observables\nin those clusters. We discuss the effectiveness of resummations to cure the\ndivergence. Our NLCE calculations are compared to exact diagonalization ones in\nlattices with periodic boundary conditions. NLCEs are found to outperform exact\ndiagonalization in periodic systems for all quantities studied.",
        "positive": "Topological defects and bulk melting of hexagonal ice: We use classical molecular dynamics combined with the recently developed\nmetadynamics method [A. Laio and M. Parrinello, Procs. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99,\n20 (2002)] to study the process of bulk melting in hexagonal ice. Our\nsimulations show that bulk melting is mediated by the formation of topological\ndefects which preserve the coordination of the tetrahedral network. Such\ndefects cluster to form a defective region involving about 50 molecules with a\nsurprisingly long life-time. The subsequent formation of coordination defects\ntriggers the transition to the liquid state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Markovian Caldeira--Leggett quantum master equation: We obtain a non-Markovian quantum master equation directly from the\nquantization of a non-Markovian Fokker-Planck equation describing the Brownian\nmotion of a particle immersed in a generic environment (e.g. a non-thermal\nfluid). As far as the especial case of a heat bath comprising of quantum\nharmonic oscillators is concerned, we derive a non-Markovian Caldeira-Leggett\nmaster equation on the basis of which we work out the concept of\nnon-equilibrium quantum thermal force exerted by the harmonic heat bath upon\nthe Brownian motion of free particle. The classical limit (or dequantization\nprocess) of this sort of non-equilibrium quantum effect is scrutinized, as\nwell.",
        "positive": "Inter-event correlations from avalanches hiding below the detection\n  threshold: Numerous systems ranging from deformation of materials to earthquakes exhibit\nbursty dynamics, which consist of a sequence of events with a broad event size\ndistribution. Very often these events are observed to be temporally correlated\nor clustered, evidenced by power-law distributed waiting times separating two\nconsecutive activity bursts. We show how such inter-event correlations arise\nsimply because of a finite detection threshold, created by the limited\nsensitivity of the measurement apparatus, or used to subtract background\nactivity or noise from the activity signal. Data from crack propagation\nexperiments and numerical simulations of a non-equilibrium crack line model\ndemonstrate how thresholding leads to correlated bursts of activity by\nseparating the avalanche events into sub-avalanches. The resulting temporal\nsub-avalanche correlations are well-described by our general scaling\ndescription of thresholding-induced correlations in crackling noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimization of random search processes in the presence of an external\n  bias: We study the efficiency of random search processes based on L{\\'e}vy flights\nwith power-law distributed jump lengths in the presence of an external drift,\nfor instance, an underwater current, an airflow, or simply the bias of the\nsearcher based on prior experience. While L\\'evy flights turn out to be\nefficient search processes when relative to the starting point the target is\nupstream, in the downstream scenario regular Brownian motion turns out to be\nadvantageous. This is caused by the occurrence of leapovers of L{\\'e}vy\nflights, due to which L{\\'e}vy flights typically overshoot a point or small\ninterval. Extending our recent work on biased LF search [V. V. Palyulin, A. V.\nChechkin, and R. Metzler, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,\nDOI:10.1073/pnas.1320424111] we establish criteria when the combination of the\nexternal stream and the initial distance between the starting point and the\ntarget favors L{\\'e}vy flights over regular Brownian search. Contrary to the\ncommon belief that L{\\'e}vy flights with a L{\\'e}vy index $\\alpha =1$ (i.e.,\nCauchy flights) are optimal for sparse targets, we find that the optimal value\nfor $\\alpha$ may range in the entire interval $(1,2)$ and include Brownian\nmotion as the overall most efficient search strategy.",
        "positive": "Coherent response of a stochastic nonlinear oscillator to a driving\n  force: analytical characterization of the spectral signatures: We study the dynamics of a classical nonlinear oscillator subject to noise\nand driven by a sinusoidal force. In particular, we give an analytical\nidentification of the mechanisms responsible for the supernarrow peaks observed\nrecently in the spectrum of a mechanical realization of the system. Our\napproach, based on the application of averaging techniques, simulates standard\ndetection schemes used in practice. The spectral peaks, detected in a range of\nparameters corresponding to the existence of two attractors in the\ndeterministic system, are traced to characteristics already present in the\nlinearized stochastic equations. It is found that, for specific variations of\nthe parameters, the characteristic frequencies near the attractors converge on\nthe driving frequency, and, as a consequence, the widths of the peaks in the\nspectrum are significantly reduced. The implications of the study to the\ncontrol of the observed coherent response of the system are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Frenetic bounds on the entropy production: We show that under local detailed balance the expected entropy production\nrate is always bounded in terms of the dynamical activity. The activity refers\nto the time-symmetric contribution in the action functional for path-space\nprobabilities and relates to escape rates and unoriented traffic. Under global\ndetailed balance we get a lower bound on the decrease of free energy which is\nknown from gradient flow analysis. For stationary driven systems we recover\nsome of the recently studied \"uncertainty\" relations for the entropy\nproduction, appearing in studies about the effectiveness of mesoscopic machines\nand that refine the positivity of the entropy production rate by providing\nlower bounds in terms of a positive and even function of the current(s). We\nextend these lower bounds for the entropy production rate to include\nunderdamped diffusions.",
        "positive": "Solution of Fokker-Planck equation for a broad class of drift and\n  diffusion coefficients: We consider a Langevin equation with variable drift and diffusion\ncoefficients separable in time and space and its corresponding Fokker-Planck\nequation in the Stratonovich approach. From this Fokker-Planck equation we\nobtain a class of exact solutions with the same spatial drift and diffusion\ncoefficients. Furthermore, we analyze some details of this system by using the\nspatial diffusion coefficient $D(x)=\\sqrt{D}|x| ^{-% \\frac{\\theta}{2}}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Small Numerators Canceling Small Denominators: Is Dyson's Hierarchical\n  Model Solvable?: We present an analytical method to solve Dyson's hierarchical model,\ninvolving the scaling variables near the high-temperature fixed point. The\nprocedure seems plagued by the presence of small denominators as in\nperturbative expansions near integrable systems in Hamiltonian mechanics.\nHowever, in all cases considered, a zero denominator always comes with a zero\nnumerator. We conjecture that these cancellations occur in general, suggesting\nthat the model has remarkable features reminiscent of the integrable systems.",
        "positive": "Critical behaviour of a fluid in a random shear flow: Renormalization\n  group analysis of a simplified model: Critical behaviour of a fluid, subjected to strongly anisotropic turbulent\nmixing, is studied by means of the field theoretic renormalization group. As a\nsimplified model, relaxational stochastic dynamics of a non-conserved scalar\norder parameter, coupled to a random velocity field with prescribed statistics,\nis considered. The velocity is taken Gaussian, white in time, with correlation\nfunction of the form $\\propto \\delta(t-t') /|{\\bf k}_{\\bot}|^{d+\\xi}$, where\n${\\bf k}_{\\bot}$ is the component of the wave vector, perpendicular to the\ndistinguished direction (``direction of the flow''). It is shown that,\ndepending on the relation between the exponent $\\xi$ and the space\ndimensionality $d$, the system exhibits various types of large-scale\nself-similar behaviour, associated with different infrared attractive fixed\npoints of the renormalization-group equations. Existence of a new,\nnon-equilibrium and strongly anisotropic, type of critical behaviour\n(universality class) is established, and the corresponding critical dimensions\nare calculated to the second order of the double expansion in $\\xi$ and\n$\\epsilon=4-d$ (two-loop approximation). The most realistic values of the model\nparameters (for example, $d=3$ and the Kolmogorov exponent $\\xi=4/3$) belong to\nthis class. The scaling behaviour appears anisotropic in the sense that the\ncritical dimensions related to the directions parallel and perpendicular to the\nflow are essentially different."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation shortcuts through boundary coupling: When a hot system cools down faster than an equivalent cold one, it exhibits\nthe Mpemba Effect. This counterintuitive phenomenon was observed in several\nsystems including water, magnetic alloys and polymers. In most experiments the\nsystem is coupled to the bath through its boundaries, but all theories so far\nassumed bulk coupling. Here we build a general framework for boundary coupling\nrelaxation and show that the Mpemba effect persists in these cases.\nSurprisingly, it can survive even an arbitrarily weak couplings. An example is\ngiven in the Ising antiferromagnetic chain.",
        "positive": "Lifetime of locally stable states near a phase transition in the\n  Thirring model: We study the lifetime of locally stable states in the Thirring model, which\ndescribes a system of particles whose interactions are long-range. The model\nexhibits first-order phase transitions in the canonical ensemble and,\ntherefore, a free energy barrier separates two free energy minima. The energy\nof the system diffuses as a result of thermal fluctuations and we show that its\ndynamics can be described by means of a Fokker-Planck equation. Considering an\ninitial state where the energy takes the value corresponding to one of the\nminima of the free energy, we can define the lifetime of the initial state as\nthe mean first-passage time for the system to reach the top of the free energy\nbarrier between the minima. We use an analytical formula for the mean\nfirst-passage time which is based on the knowledge of the exact free energy of\nthe model, even at a finite number of particles. This formula shows that the\nlifetime of locally stable states increases exponentially in the number of\nparticles, which is a typical feature of systems with long-range interactions.\nWe also perform Monte Carlo simulations in the canonical ensemble in order to\nobtain the probability distribution of the first-passage time, which turns out\nto be exponential in time in a long time limit. The numerically obtained mean\nfirst-passage time agrees with the theoretical prediction. Combining theory and\nsimulations, our work provides a new insight in the study of metastability in\nmany-body systems with long-range interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Engineered swift equilibration of a Brownian particle: A fundamental and intrinsic property of any device or natural system is its\nrelaxation time relax, which is the time it takes to return to equilibrium\nafter the sudden change of a control parameter [1]. Reducing $tau$ relax , is\nfrequently necessary, and is often obtained by a complex feedback process. To\novercome the limitations of such an approach, alternative methods based on\ndriving have been recently demonstrated [2, 3], for isolated quantum and\nclassical systems [4--9]. Their extension to open systems in contact with a\nthermostat is a stumbling block for applications. Here, we design a\nprotocol,named Engineered Swift Equilibration (ESE), that shortcuts\ntime-consuming relaxations, and we apply it to a Brownian particle trapped in\nan optical potential whose properties can be controlled in time. We implement\nthe process experimentally, showing that it allows the system to reach\nequilibrium times faster than the natural equilibration rate. We also estimate\nthe increase of the dissipated energy needed to get such a time reduction. The\nmethod paves the way for applications in micro and nano devices, where the\nreduction of operation time represents as substantial a challenge as\nminiaturization [10]. The concepts of equilibrium and of transformations from\nan equilibrium state to another, are cornerstones of thermodynamics. A textbook\nillustration is provided by the expansion of a gas, starting at equilibrium and\nexpanding to reach a new equilibrium in a larger vessel. This operation can be\nperformed either very slowly by a piston, without dissipating energy into the\nenvironment, or alternatively quickly, letting the piston freely move to reach\nthe new volume.",
        "positive": "Stretching of a chain polymer adsorbed at a surface: In this paper we present simulations of a surface-adsorbed polymer subject to\nan elongation force. The polymer is modelled by a self-avoiding walk on a\nregular lattice. It is confined to a half-space by an adsorbing surface with\nattractions for every vertex of the walk visiting the surface, and the last\nvertex is pulled perpendicular to the surface by a force. Using the recently\nproposed flatPERM algorithm, we calculate the phase diagram for a vast range of\ntemperatures and forces. The strength of this algorithm is that it computes the\ncomplete density of states from one single simulation. We simulate systems of\nsizes up to 256 steps."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum fluctuations and random matrix theory: The random matrix ensembles are applied to the quantum statistical\ntwo-dimensional systems of electrons. The quantum systems are studied using the\nfinite dimensional real, complex and quaternion Hilbert spaces of the\neigenfunctions. The linear operators describing the systems act on these\nHilbert spaces and they are treated as random matrices in generic bases of the\neigenfunctions. The random eigenproblems are presented and solved. Examples of\nrandom operators are presented with connection to physical problems.",
        "positive": "Calculation of a fluctuating entropic force by phase space sampling: A polymer chain pinned in space exerts a fluctuating force on the pin point\nin thermal equilibrium. The average of such fluctuating force is well\nunderstood from statistical mechanics as an entropic force, but little is known\nabout the underlying force distribution. Here, we introduce two phase space\nsampling methods that can produce the equilibrium distribution of instantaneous\nforces exerted by a terminally pinned polymer. In these methods, both the\npositions and momenta of mass points representing a freely jointed chain are\nperturbed in accordance with the spatial constraints and the Boltzmann\ndistribution of total energy. The constraint force for each conformation and\nmomentum is calculated using Lagrangian dynamics. Using terminally pinned\nchains in space and on a surface, we show that the force distribution is highly\nasymmetric with both tensile and compressive forces. Most importantly, the mean\nof the distribution, which is equal to the entropic force, is not the most\nprobable force even for long chains. Our work provides insights into the\nmechanistic origin of entropic forces, and an efficient computational tool for\nunbiased sampling of the phase space of a constrained system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tunable mass separation via negative mobility: A prerequisite for isolating diseased cells requires a mechanism for\neffective mass-based separation. This objective, however, is generally rather\nchallenging because typically no valid correlation exists between the size of\nthe particles and their mass value. We consider an inertial Brownian particle\nmoving in a symmetric periodic potential and subjected to an externally applied\nunbiased harmonic driving in combination with a constant applied bias. In doing\nso we identify a most efficient separation scheme which is based on the\nanomalous transport feature of negative mobility, meaning that the immersed\nparticles move in the direction opposite to the acting bias. This work is first\nof its kind in demonstrating a tunable separation mechanism in which the\nparticle mass targeted for isolation is effectively controlled over a regime of\nnearly two orders of mass-magnitude upon changing solely the frequency of the\nexternal harmonic driving. This approach may provide mass selectivity required\nin present and future separation of a diversity of nano and micro-sized\nparticles of either biological or synthetic origin.",
        "positive": "Mutual Information and Boson Radius in c=1 Critical Systems in One\n  Dimension: We study the generic scaling properties of the mutual information between two\ndisjoint intervals, in a class of one-dimensional quantum critical systems\ndescribed by the c=1 bosonic field theory. A numerical analysis of a spin-chain\nmodel reveals that the mutual information is scale-invariant and depends\ndirectly on the boson radius. We interpret the results in terms of correlation\nfunctions of branch-point twist fields. The present study provides a new way to\ndetermine the boson radius, and furthermore demonstrates the power of the\nmutual information to extract more refined information of conformal field\ntheory than the central charge."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Branching processes with resetting as a model for cell division: We study the Stochastic Thermodynamics of cell growth and division using a\ntheoretical framework based on branching processes with resetting. Cell\ndivision may be split into two sub-processes: branching, by which a given cell\ngives birth to an identical copy of itself, and resetting, by which some\nproperties of the daughter cells (such as their size or age) are reset to new\nvalues following division. We derive the first and second laws of Stochastic\nThermodynamics for this process, and identify separate contributions due to\nbranching and resetting. We apply our framework to well-known models of cell\nsize control, such as the sizer, the timer, and the adder. We show that the\nentropy production of resetting is negative and that of branching is positive\nfor these models in the regime of exponential growth of the colony. This\nproperty suggests an analogy between our model for cell growth and division and\nheat engines, and the introduction of a thermodynamic efficiency, which\nquantifies the conversion of one form of entropy production to another.",
        "positive": "Critical behavior in dislocation systems: power-law relaxation below the\n  yield stress: Plasticity of two-dimensional discrete dislocation systems is studied. It is\nshown, that at some threshold stress level the response becomes stress-rate\ndependent. Below this stress level the stress-plastic strain relation exhibits\npower-law type behavior. In this regime the plastic strain rate induced by a\nconstant external stress decays to zero as a power-law, which stems from the\nscaling of the dislocation velocity distribution. The scaling is cut-off at a\ntime only dependent on the system size and the scaling exponent depends on the\nexternal stress and on the initial correlations present in the system. These\nresults show, that the dislocation system is in a critical state everywhere we\nstudied below the threshold stress."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Patterns, transitions and the role of leaders in the collective dynamics\n  of a simple robotic flock: We have developed an experimental setup of very simple self-propelled robots\nto observe collective motion emerging as a result of inelastic collisions only.\nA circular pool and commercial RC boats were the basis of our first setup,\nwhere we demonstrated that jamming, clustering, disordered and ordered motion\nare all present in such a simple experiment and showed that the noise level has\na fundamental role in the generation of collective dynamics. Critical noise\nranges and the transition characteristics between the different collective\npatterns were also examined. In our second experiment we used a real-time\ntracking system and a few steerable model boats to introduce intelligent\nleaders into the flock. We demonstrated that even a very small portion of\nguiding members can determine group direction and enhance ordering through\ninelastic collisions. We also showed that noise can facilitate and speed up\nordering with leaders. Our work was extended with an agent-based simulation\nmodel, too, and high similarity between real and simulation results were\nobserved. The simulation results show clear statistical evidence of three\nstates and negative correlation between density and ordered motion due to the\nonset of jamming. Our experiments confirm the different theoretical studies and\nsimulation results in the literature about collision-based, noise-dependent and\nleader-driven self-propelled particle systems.",
        "positive": "P\u00f3lya urn with memory kernel and asymptotic behaviours of\n  autocorrelation function: P\\'{o}lya urn is a stochastic process in which balls are randomly drawn from\nan urn of red and blue balls, and balls of the same color as the drawn balls\nare added. The probability of a ball of a certain color being drawn is equal to\nthe percentage of balls of that color in the urn. We introduce arbitrary memory\nkernels to modify this probability. If the memory kernel decays exponentially,\nit is a stationary process and is mean-reverting. If the memory kernel decays\nby a power-law, a phase transition occurs and the asymptotic behavior of the\nautocorrelation function changes. An auxiliary field variable is introduced to\ntransform the process Markovian and the field obeys a multivariate\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck process. The exponents of the power law are estimated for\nthe decay of the leading and subleading terms of the autocorrelation function.\nIt is shown that the power law exponents changes discontinuously at the\ncritical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-stationary Markovian Replication Process causing Diverse Diffusions: We introduce a single generative mechanism with which it is able to describe\ndiverse non-stationary diffusions. A non-stationary Markovian replication\nprocess for steps is considered, for which we analytically derive\ntime-evolution of the probability distribution of the walker's displacement and\nthe generalized telegrapher equation with time-varying coefficients, and find\nthat diffusivity can be determined by temporal changes of replication of a\nimmediate step. By controlling the replications, we realize the diverse\ndiffusions such as alternating diffusions, superdiffusions, subdiffusions, and\nmarginal diffusions which are originated from oscillating,\nincreasing,decreasing, and slowly increasing or decreasing replications with\ntime, respectively.",
        "positive": "Thermally induced passage and current of particles in a highly unstable\n  optical potential: We discuss the statistics of first-passage times of a Brownian particle\nmoving in a highly unstable nonlinear potential proportional to an odd power of\nposition. We observe temperature-induced shortening of the mean first-passage\ntime and its dependence on the power of nonlinearity. We propose a passage-time\nfraction as both a simple and experimentally detectable witness of the\nnonlinearity. It is advantageously independent of all other parameters of the\nexperiment and observable for a small number of trajectories. To better\ncharacterize the stochastic passage in the unstable potential, we introduce an\nanalogy of the signal-to-noise ratio for the statistical distribution of the\nfirst-passage times. Interestingly, the upper bound for the signal-to-noise\nratio is temperature independent in the unstable potential. Finally, we\ndescribe the nonequilibrium steady state of the particle cyclically passing\nthrough unstable odd nonlinearity. The maximum of the steady-state probability\ndistribution shifts against the directions of the current and this\ncounterintuitive effect increases with temperature. All these thermally induced\neffects are very promising targets for experimental tests of highly nonlinear\nstochastic dynamics of particles placed into optical potential landscapes of\nshaped optical tweezers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Open-Boundary Hamiltonian adaptive resolution. From grand canonical to\n  non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations: We propose an open-boundary molecular dynamics method in which an atomistic\nsystem is in contact with an infinite particle reservoir at constant\ntemperature, volume and chemical potential. In practice, following the\nHamiltonian adaptive resolution strategy, the system is partitioned into a\ndomain of interest and a reservoir of non-interacting, ideal gas, particles. An\nexternal potential, applied only in the interfacial region, balances the excess\nchemical potential of the system. To ensure that the size of the reservoir is\ninfinite, we introduce a particle insertion/deletion algorithm to control the\ndensity in the ideal gas region. We show that it is possible to study\nnon-equilibrium phenomena with this open-boundary molecular dynamics method. To\nthis aim, we consider a prototypical confined liquid under the influence of an\nexternal constant density gradient. The resulting pressure-driven flow across\nthe atomistic system exhibits a velocity profile consistent with the\ncorresponding solution of the Navier-Stokes equation. In contrast to available\ncomputational methods in which external forces drive the system far from\nequilibrium, this approach conserves momentum and closely resembles\nexperimental conditions. The presented method can be used to study various\ndirect and indirect out-of-equilibrium conditions in complex molecular systems.",
        "positive": "Influence of an Anisotropic Crystalline Field on the Magnetic Properties\n  of a Mixed Spin-1/2 and Spin-1 Ising Model: The mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising model in the presence of an anisotropic\ncrystalline field is treated exactly within the framework of an extended\nstar-triangle mapping transformation. The exact results for the phase diagrams,\nmagnetization, internal energy and specific heat are derived and discussed in\ndetail. The relevant mapping suggests that an isotropic in-plane crystal field\n(D^x = D^y) leads to the same effects as the hard-axis crystal field (D^z),\nwhereas the in-plane anisotropy (D^x \\neq D^y) is responsible also for the\nrandomization of the magnetic ordering (transverse-field like effect)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The non-equilibrium steady state of sparse systems with nontrivial\n  topology: We study the steady state of a multiply-connected system that is driven out\nof equilibrium by a sparse perturbation. The prototype example is an $N$-site\nring coupled to a thermal bath, driven by a stationary source that induces\ntransitions with log-wide distributed rates. An induced current arises, which\nis controlled by the strength of the driving, and an associated topological\nterm appears in the expression for the energy absorption rate. Due to the\nsparsity, the crossover from linear response to saturation is mediated by an\nintermediate regime, where the current is exponentially small in $\\sqrt{N}$,\nwhich is related to the work of Sinai on \"random walk in a random environment\".",
        "positive": "Temperature in One-Dimensional Bosonic Mott insulators: The Mott insulating phase of a one-dimensional bosonic gas trapped in optical\nlattices is described by a Bose-Hubbard model. A continuous unitary\ntransformation is used to map this model onto an effective model conserving the\nnumber of elementary excitations. We obtain quantitative results for the\nkinetics and for the spectral weights of the low-energy excitations for a broad\nrange of parameters in the insulating phase. By these results, recent Bragg\nspectroscopy experiments are explained. Evidence for a significant temperature\nof the order of the microscopic energy scales is found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The method of collective variables: a link with the density functional\n  theory: Recently, based on the method of collective variables the statistical field\ntheory for multicomponent inhomogeneous systems was formulated [O. Patsahan, I.\nMryglod, J.-M. Caillol, Journal of Physical Studies, 2007, 11, 133]. In this\nletter we establish a link between this approach and the classical density\nfunctional theory for inhomogeneous fluids.",
        "positive": "Space Representation of Stochastic Processes with Delay: We show that a time series $x_t$ evolving by a non-local update rule $x_t = f\n(x_{t-n},x_{t-k})$ with two different delays $k<n$ can be mapped onto a local\nprocess in two dimensions with special time-delayed boundary conditions\nprovided that $n$ and $k$ are coprime. For certain stochastic update rules\nexhibiting a non-equilibrium phase transition this mapping implies that the\ncritical behavior does not depend on the short delay $k$. In these cases, the\nautocorrelation function of the time series is related to the critical\nproperties of directed percolation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling Relations for Logarithmic Corrections: Multiplicative logarithmic corrections to scaling are frequently encountered\nin the critical behavior of certain statistical-mechanical systems. Here, a\nLee-Yang zero approach is used to systematically analyse the exponents of such\nlogarithms and to propose scaling relations between them. These proposed\nrelations are then confronted with a variety of results from the literature.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Logarithmic Oscillators: Ideal Hamiltonian Thermostats\"\n  [arXiv 1203.5968]: Campisi, Zhan, Talkner and H\\\"anggi have recently proposed a novel\nHamiltonian thermostat which they claim may be used both in simulations and\nexperiments [arXiv:1203.5968v4]. We show, however, that this is not possible\ndue to the length and time scales involved, which depend exponentially on the\ntotal energy of the system. The implementation suggested by Campisi et alii\nimplies equilibration times greater than the age of the universe for systems\nwith more than a few dozen particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A new equivalence between fused RSOS and loop models: We consider the topological theories of cond-mat/0404617 and cond-mat/0610583\nand study ground state amplitudes of string net configurations which consist of\nlarge chunks $G$ of (trivalent) regular lattice. We evaluate these amplitudes\nin two different ways: first we use the Turaev-Viro prescription to write the\namplitude as a sum over labelings of the faces of $G$, and second we use the\nlocal rules that constrain the amplitude (the $F$-matrix) to resolve subgraphs\nin creative ways. In the case of the Doubled Fibonacci theory this second way\nallows us to produce loop models. In particular, we show that the hard hexagon\nmodel is equivalent to an anisotropic loop model. Many other interesting\nequivalences can presumably be obtained.",
        "positive": "Field Theoretic Formulation of Kinetic theory: I. Basic Development: We show how kinetic theory, the statistics of classical particles obeying\nNewtonian dynamics, can be formulated as a field theory. The field theory can\nbe organized to produce a self-consistent perturbation theory expansion in an\neffective interaction potential. The need for a self-consistent approach is\nsuggested by our interest in investigating ergodic-nonergodic transitions in\ndense fluids. The formal structure we develop has been implemented in detail\nfor the simpler case of Smoluchowski dynamics. One aspect of the approach is\nthe identification of a core problem spanned by the variables \\rho the number\ndensity and B a response density. In this paper we set up the perturbation\ntheory expansion with explicit development at zeroth and first order. We also\ndetermine all of the cumulants in the noninteracting limit among the core\nvariables \\rho and B."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Imitating Chemical Motors with Optimal Information Motors: To induce transport, detailed balance must be broken. A common mechanism is\nto bias the dynamics with a thermodynamic fuel, such as chemical energy. An\nintriguing, alternative strategy is for a Maxwell demon to effect the bias\nusing feedback. We demonstrate that these two different mechanisms lead to\ndistinct thermodynamics by contrasting a chemical motor and information motor\nwith identical dynamics. To clarify this difference, we study both models\nwithin one unified framework, highlighting the role of the interaction between\nthe demon and the motor. This analysis elucidates the manner in which\ninformation is incorporated into a physical system.",
        "positive": "Taxis of cargo-carrying microswimmers in traveling activity waves: Many fascinating properties of biological active matter crucially depend on\nthe capacity of constituting entities to perform directed motion, e.g.,\nmolecular motors transporting vesicles inside cells or bacteria searching for\nfood. While much effort has been devoted to mimicking biological functions in\nsynthetic systems, such as transporting a cargo to a targeted zone, theoretical\nstudies have primarily focused on single active particles subject to various\nspatial and temporal stimuli. Here we study the behavior of a self-propelled\nparticle carrying a passive cargo in a travelling activity wave and show that\nthis active-passive dimer displays a rich, emergent tactic behavior. For\ncargoes with low mobility, the dimer always drifts in the direction of the wave\npropagation. For highly-mobile cargoes, instead, the dimer can also drift\nagainst the traveling wave. The transition between these two tactic behaviors\nis controlled by the ratio between the frictions of the cargo and the\nmicroswimmer. In slow activity waves the dimer can perform an active surfing of\nthe wave maxima, with an average drift velocity equal to the wave speed. These\nanalytical predictions, which we confirm by numerical simulations, might be\nuseful for the future efficient design of bio-hybrid microswimmers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface Properties of Aperiodic Ising Quantum Chains: We consider Ising quantum chains with quenched aperiodic disorder of the\ncoupling constants given through general substitution rules. The critical\nscaling behaviour of several bulk and surface quantities is obtained by exact\nreal space renormalization.",
        "positive": "A Stochastic Approach to Maxwell Velocity Distribution via Central Limit\n  Theorem and Boltzmann's Entropy Formula: Maxwell's velocity distribution is known to be universally valid across\nsystems and phases. Here we present a new and general derivation that uses the\ncentral limit theorem (CLT) of the probability theory. This essentially uses\nthe idea that repeated intermolecular collisions introduce randomness in the\nvelocity change in the individual components of the velocity vector, leading\nto, by the CLT, a Gaussian distribution. To complete the derivation, we next\nshow that the mean-square velocity or the standard deviation follows exactly\nfrom Boltzmann's formula relating entropy to the density of states, thus\navoiding the use of the ideal gas equation of state explicitly. We furthermore\nprove the Maxwell velocity distribution for a system of harmonic oscillators.\nThis derivation provides a further insight into the origin of Boltzmann's\nconstant in the Maxwell velocity distribution and also in the equipartition\ntheorem. We propose that this derivation provides an approach that explains the\nuniversality of Maxwell Gaussian distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Origin of long-range order in a two-dimensional nonequilibrium system\n  under laminar flows: We study long-range order in two dimensions where an order parameter is\nadvected by linear laminar flows. The linear laminar flows include three\nclasses: rotational, shear, and elongational flows. Under these flows, we\nanalyze an ordered state of the $O(N)$ scalar model in the large-$N$ limit. We\nshow that the stability of the ordered state depends on the flow pattern; the\nshear and elongational flows stabilize but the rotational flow does not. We\ndiscuss a physical interpretation of our results based on interaction\nrepresentation in quantum mechanics. The origin of the long-range order is\ninterpreted from the advection of wavenumbers along the streamlines and its\nstretching effect stabilizes the order.",
        "positive": "Finding the optimum activation energy in DNA breathing dynamics: A\n  Simulated Annealing approach: We demonstrate how the stochastic global optimization scheme of Simulated\nAnnealing can be used to evaluate optimum parameters in the problem of DNA\nbreathing dynamics. The breathing dynamics is followed in accordance with the\nstochastic Gillespie scheme with the denaturation zones in double stranded DNA\nstudied as a single molecule time series. Simulated Annealing is used to find\nthe optimum value of the activation energy for which the equilibrium bubble\nsize distribution matches with a given value. It is demonstrated that the\nmethod overcomes even large noise in the input surrogate data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Turbulent self-organized criticality: In the prototype sandpile model of self-organized criticality time series\nobtained by decomposing avalanches into waves of toppling show intermittent\nfluctuations. The q-th moments of wave size differences possess local\nmultiscaling and global simple scaling regimes analogous to those holding for\nvelocity structure functions in fluid turbulence. The correspondence involves\nidentity of a basic scaling relation and of the form of relevant probability\ndistributions. The sandpile provides a qualitative analog of many features of\nturbulent phenomena.",
        "positive": "Many-body systems with random spatially local interactions: We extend random matrix theory to consider randomly interacting spin systems\nwith spatial locality. We develop several methods by which arbitrary\ncorrelators may be systematically evaluated in a limit where the local Hilbert\nspace dimension $N$ is large. First, the correlators are given by sums over\n'stacked' planar diagrams which are completely determined by the spectra of the\nindividual interactions and a dependency graph encoding the locality in the\nsystem. We then introduce 'heap freeness' as a generalization of free\nindependence, leading to a second practical method to evaluate the correlators.\nFinally, we generalize the cumulant expansion to a sum over 'dependency\npartitions', providing the third and most succinct of our methods. Our results\nprovide tools to study dynamics and correlations within extended quantum\nmany-body systems which conserve energy. We further apply the formalism to show\nthat quantum satisfiability at large-$N$ is determined by the evaluation of the\nindependence polynomial on a wide class of graphs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-state flashing molecular pump: Here we study a pumping device capable of maintaining a density gradient and\na flux of particles across a membrane. Its driving mechanism is based on the\nflashing ratchet effect powered by the random telegraph process in the presence\nof thermal fluctuations. Unlike Brownian motors, the concentrations at both\nreservoir boundaries need to be implemented as boundary conditions. The\nresidence transition rates of the dichotomic flashing are related to the\nbinding and hydrolysis of ATP molecules. The model is exactly solved and\nexplored. The pump energetics is discussed and the relevant parameter values\nare tuned within a biological scale.",
        "positive": "From steady-state TASEP model with open boundaries to 1D Ising model at\n  negative fugacity: We demonstrate here a series of exact mappings between particular cases of\nfour statistical physics models: equilibrium 1-dimensional lattice gas with\nnearest-neighbor repulsion, $(1+1)$-dimensional combinatorial heap of pieces,\nrandom walks on half-plane and totally asymmetric simple exclusion process\n(TASEP) in one dimension (1D). In particular, we show that generating function\nof a steady state of one-dimensional TASEP with open boundaries can be\ninterpreted as a quotient of partition functions of 1D hard-core lattice gases\nwith one adsorbing lattice site and negative fugacity. This result is based on\nthe combination of (i) a representation of the steady-state TASEP\nconfigurations in terms of $(1+1)$-dimensional heaps of pieces and (ii) a\ntheorem connecting the partition function of $(1+1)$-dimensional heaps of\npieces with that of a single layer of pieces, which in this case is a 1D\nhard-core lattice gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hard-core Yukawa model for two-dimensional charge stabilized colloids: The hyper-netted chain (HNC) and Percus-Yevick (PY) approximations are used\nto study the phase diagram of a simple hard-core Yukawa model of\ncharge-stabilized colloidal particles in a two-dimensional system. We calculate\nthe static structure factor and the pair distribution function over a wide\nrange of parameters. Using the statics correlation functions we present an\nestimate for the liquid-solid phase diagram for the wide range of the\nparameters.",
        "positive": "High-precision Monte Carlo study of several models in the\n  three-dimensional U(1) universality class: We present a worm-type Monte Carlo study of several typical models in the\nthree-dimensional (3D) U(1) universality class, which include the classical 3D\nXY model in the directed flow representation and its Villain version, as well\nas the 2D quantum Bose-Hubbard (BH) model with unitary filling in the\nimaginary-time world-line representation. From the topology of the\nconfigurations on a torus, we sample the superfluid stiffness $\\rho_s$ and the\ndimensionless wrapping probability $R$. From the finite-size scaling analyses\nof $\\rho_s$ and of $R$, we determine the critical points as $T_c ({\\rm XY})\n=2.201\\, 844 \\,1(5)$ and $T_c ({\\rm Villain})=0.333\\, 067\\, 04(7)$ and $(t/U)_c\n({\\rm BH})=0.059 \\, 729 \\,1(8)$, where $T$ is the temperature for the classical\nmodels, and $t$ and $U$ are respectively the hopping and on-site interaction\nstrength for the BH model. The precision of our estimates improves\nsignificantly over that of the existing results. Moreover, it is observed that\nat criticality, the derivative of a wrapping probability with respect to $T$\nsuffers from negligible leading corrections and enables a precise determination\nof the correlation length critical exponent as $\\nu=0.671 \\, 83(18)$. In\naddition, the critical exponent $\\eta$ is estimated as $\\eta=0.038 \\, 53(48)$\nby analyzing a susceptibility-like quantity. We believe that these numerical\nresults would provide a solid reference in the study of classical and quantum\nphase transitions in the 3D U(1) universality, including the recent development\nof the conformal bootstrap method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Search of the ground state(s) of spin glasses and quantum annealing: We review our earlier studies on the order parameter distribution of the\nquantum Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model. Through Monte Carlo technique, we\ninvestigate the behavior of the order parameter distribution at finite\ntemperatures. The zero temperature study of the spin glass order parameter\ndistribution is made by the exact diagonalization method. We find in\nlow-temperature (high-transverse-field) spin glass region, the tail (extended\nup to zero value of order parameter) and width of the order parameter\ndistribution become zero in thermodynamic limit. Such observations clearly\nsuggest the existence of a low-temperature (high-transverse-field) ergodic\nregion. We also find in high-temperature (low-transverse-field) spin glass\nphase the order parameter distribution has nonzero value for all values of the\norder parameter even in infinite system size limit, which essentially indicates\nthe nonergodic behavior of the system. We study the annealing dynamics by the\npaths which pass through both ergodic and nonergodic spin glass regions. We\nfind the average annealing time becomes system size independent for the paths\nwhich pass through the quantum-fluctuation-dominated ergodic spin glass region.\nIn contrast to that, the annealing time becomes strongly system size dependent\nfor annealing down through the classical-fluctuation-dominated nonergodic spin\nglass region. We investigate the behavior of the spin autocorrelation in the\nspin glass phase. We observe that the decay rate of autocorrelation towards its\nequilibrium value is much faster in the ergodic region with respect to the\nnonergodic region of the spin glass phase.",
        "positive": "Master Operators Govern Multifractality in Percolation: Using renormalization group methods we study multifractality in percolation\nat the instance of noisy random resistor networks. We introduce the concept of\nmaster operators. The multifractal moments of the current distribution (which\nare proportional to the noise cumulants $C_R^{(l)} (x, x^\\prime)$ of the\nresistance between two sites x and $x^\\prime$ located on the same cluster) are\nrelated to such master operators. The scaling behavior of the multifractal\nmoments is governed exclusively by the master operators, even though a myriad\nof servant operators is involved in the renormalization procedure. We calculate\nthe family of multifractal exponents ${\\psi_l}$ for the scaling behavior of the\nnoise cumulants, $C_R^{(l)} (x, x^\\prime) \\sim | x - x^\\prime |^{\\psi_l /\\nu}$,\nwhere $\\nu$ is the correlation length exponent for percolation, to two-loop\norder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Evolution of Multicomponent Systems at High Pressures: IV. The\n  Genesis of Optical Activity in High-density, Abiotic Fluids: A thermodynamic argument has been developed which relates the chirality of\nthe constituents of a mixture of enantiomers to the system excess volume, and\nthereby to its Gibbs free enthalpy. A specific connection is shown between the\nexcess volume and the statistical mechanical partition function. The\nKihara-Steiner equations, which describe the geometry of convex hard bodies,\nhave been extended to include also chiral hard bodies. These results have been\nincorporated into an extension of the Pavlicek-Nezbeda-Boubik equation of state\nfor convex, aspherical, hard-body systems. The Gibbs free enthalpy has been\ncalculated, both for single-component and racemic mixtures, for a wide variety\nof hard-body systems of diverse volumes and degrees of asphericity,\nprolateness, and chirality. The results show that a system of chiral\nenantiomers can evolve to an unbalanced, scalemic mixture, which must manifest\noptical activity, in many circumstances of density, particle volume,\nasphericity, and degree of chirality. The real chiral molecules\nfluorochloroiodomethane, CHFClI, and 4-vinylcyclohexene, C8H12, have been\ninvestigated by Monte Carlo simulation, and observed to manifest, both,\npositive excess volumes (in their racemic mixtures) which increase with\npressure, and thereby the racemic-scalemic transition to unbalanced\ndistributions of enantiomers. The racemic-scalemic transition, responsible for\nthe evolution of an optically active fluid, is shown to be one particular case\nof the general, complex phase behavior characteristic of \"closely-similar\"\nmolecules (either chiral or achiral) at high pressures.",
        "positive": "Kinetic theory with angle-action variables: We present a kinetic theory for inhomogeneous systems with weak long-range\ninteractions. Starting from the Klimontovich equation and using a quasilinear\ntheory, we obtain a closed kinetic equation describing the relaxation of the\ndistribution function of the system as a whole due to resonances between\ndifferent orbits. This equation is written in angle-action variables. It\nconserves mass and energy and increases the Boltzmann entropy (H-theorem).\nUsing a thermal bath approximation, we derive a Fokker-Planck equation that\ndescribes the relaxation of a test particle towards the Boltzmann distribution\nunder the combined effect of diffusion and friction terms. We mention some\nanalogies with the kinetic theory of point vortices in two-dimensional\nhydrodynamics. We also stress the limitations of our approach and the\nconnection with recent works."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coherent oscillations and incoherent tunnelling in one - dimensional\n  asymmetric double - well potential: For a model 1d asymmetric double-well potential we calculated so-called\nsurvival probability (i.e. the probability for a particle initially localised\nin one well to remain there). We use a semiclassical (WKB) solution of\nSchroedinger equation. It is shown that behaviour essentially depends on\ntransition probability, and on dimensionless parameter which is a ratio of\ncharacteristic frequencies for low energy non-linear in-well oscillations and\ninter wells tunnelling. For the potential describing a finite motion\n(double-well) one has always a regular behaviour. For the small value of the\nparameter there is well defined resonance pairs of levels and the survival\nprobability has coherent oscillations related to resonance splitting. However\nfor the large value of the parameter no oscillations at all for the survival\nprobability, and there is almost an exponential decay with the characteristic\ntime determined by Fermi golden rule. In this case one may not restrict oneself\nto only resonance pair levels. The number of perturbed by tunnelling levels\ngrows proportionally to the value of this parameter (by other words instead of\nisolated pairs there appear the resonance regions containing the sets of\nstrongly coupled levels). In the region of intermediate values of the parameter\none has a crossover between both limiting cases, namely the exponential decay\nwith subsequent long period recurrent behaviour.",
        "positive": "Focused Local Search for Random 3-Satisfiability: A local search algorithm solving an NP-complete optimisation problem can be\nviewed as a stochastic process moving in an 'energy landscape' towards\neventually finding an optimal solution. For the random 3-satisfiability\nproblem, the heuristic of focusing the local moves on the presently\nunsatisfiedclauses is known to be very effective: the time to solution has been\nobserved to grow only linearly in the number of variables, for a given\nclauses-to-variables ratio $\\alpha$ sufficiently far below the critical\nsatisfiability threshold $\\alpha_c \\approx 4.27$. We present numerical results\non the behaviour of three focused local search algorithms for this problem,\nconsidering in particular the characteristics of a focused variant of the\nsimple Metropolis dynamics. We estimate the optimal value for the\n``temperature'' parameter $\\eta$ for this algorithm, such that its linear-time\nregime extends as close to $\\alpha_c$ as possible. Similar parameter\noptimisation is performed also for the well-known WalkSAT algorithm and for the\nless studied, but very well performing Focused Record-to-Record Travel method.\nWe observe that with an appropriate choice of parameters, the linear time\nregime for each of these algorithms seems to extend well into ratios $\\alpha >\n4.2$ -- much further than has so far been generally assumed. We discuss the\nstatistics of solution times for the algorithms, relate their performance to\nthe process of ``whitening'', and present some conjectures on the shape of\ntheir computational phase diagrams."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic fluctuations and quasi-pattern formation in\n  reaction-diffusion systems with anomalous transport: Many approaches to modelling reaction-diffusion systems with anomalous\ntransport rely on deterministic equations and ignore fluctuations arising due\nto finite particle numbers. Starting from an individual-based model we use a\ngenerating-functional approach to derive a Gaussian approximation for this\nintrinsic noise in subdiffusive systems. This results in corrections to the\ndeterministic fractional reaction-diffusion equations. Using this analytical\napproach, we study the onset of noise-driven quasi-patterns in\nreaction-subdiffusion systems. We find that subdiffusion can be conducive to\nthe formation of both deterministic and stochastic patterns. Our analysis shows\nthat the combination of subdiffusion and intrinsic stochasticity can reduce the\nthreshold ratio of the effective diffusion coefficients required for pattern\nformation to a greater degree than either effect on its own.",
        "positive": "Realistic modellization for the growth of a yeast colony: An evolving yeast colony is simulated by means of a cellular automaton that\ntakes care of many important features of the system under study. A complete\nsurvey of the properties of the colony is done and a set of scaling relations\nis found, together with the analysis of the critical exponents. The\nFamily-Vicsek relation between them is verified to a good accuracy. A mobility\nparameter is introduced in order to relate the behaviour of the growth exponent\nwith the temperature and we propose that the brownian motion is a key feature\nto describe the bacterial and fungi growth process in diluted solutions. The\nchemical and geometrical correlations are found to play a relevant role in the\nmodellization, so that the need of realism is emphasized. A new phase space\nbuilt upon the relevant 'thermodinamical' variables is explored."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A reversible mesoscopic model of diffusion in liquids: from giant\n  fluctuations to Fick's law: We study diffusive mixing in the presence of thermal fluctuations under the\nassumption of large Schmidt number. In this regime we obtain a limiting\nequation that contains a diffusive thermal drift term with diffusion\ncoefficient obeying a Stokes-Einstein relation, in addition to the expected\nadvection by a random velocity. The overdamped limit correctly reproduces both\nthe enhanced diffusion in the ensemble-averaged mean and the long-range\ncorrelated giant fluctuations in individual realizations of the mixing process,\nand is amenable to efficient numerical solution. Through a combination of\nEulerian and Lagrangian numerical methods we demonstrate that diffusion in\nliquids is not most fundamentally described by Fick's irreversible law; rather,\ndiffusion is better modeled as reversible random advection by thermal velocity\nfluctuations. We find that the diffusion coefficient is effectively\nrenormalized to a value that depends on the scale of observation. Our work\nreveals somewhat unexpected connections between flows at small scales,\ndominated by thermal fluctuations, and flows at large scales, dominated by\nturbulent fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Fluctuating diffusivity of RNA-protein particles: Analogy with\n  thermodynamics: A formal analogy of fluctuating diffusivity to thermodynamics is discussed\nfor messenger RNA molecules fluorescently fused to a protein in living cells.\nRegarding the average value of the fluctuating diffusivity of such RNA-protein\nparticles as the analog of the internal energy, the analogs of the quantity of\nheat and work are identified. The Clausius-like inequality is shown to hold for\nthe entropy associated with diffusivity fluctuations, which plays a role\nanalogous to the thermodynamic entropy, and the analog of the quantity of heat.\nThe change of the statistical fluctuation distribution is also examined from a\ngeometric perspective. The present discussions may contribute to a deeper\nunderstanding of the fluctuating diffusivity in view of the laws of\nthermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collective Coordinate Control of Density Distributions: Real collective density variables $C(\\boldsymbol{k})$ [c.f.\nEq.\\ref{Equation3})] in many-particle systems arise from non-linear\ntransformations of particle positions, and determine the structure factor\n$S(\\boldsymbol{k})$, where $\\bf k$ denotes the wave vector. Our objective is to\nprescribe $C({\\boldsymbol k})$ and then to find many-particle configurations\nthat correspond to such a target $C({\\bf k})$ using a numerical optimization\ntechnique. Numerical results reported here extend earlier one- and\ntwo-dimensional studies to include three dimensions. In addition, they\ndemonstrate the capacity to control $S(\\boldsymbol{k})$ in the neighborhood of\n$|\\boldsymbol{k}| =$ 0. The optimization method employed generates\nmulti-particle configurations for which $S(\\boldsymbol{k}) \\propto\n|\\boldsymbol{k}|^{\\alpha}$, $|\\boldsymbol{k}| \\leq K$, and $\\alpha =$ 1, 2, 4,\n6, 8, and 10. The case $\\alpha =$ 1 is relevant for the Harrison-Zeldovich\nmodel of the early universe, for superfluid $^{4}{He}$, and for jammed\namorphous sphere packings. The analysis also provides specific examples of\ninteraction potentials whose classical ground state are configurationally\ndegenerate and disordered.",
        "positive": "Survival of a diffusing particle in an expanding cage: We consider a Brownian particle, with diffusion constant D, moving inside an\nexpanding d-dimensional sphere whose surface is an absorbing boundary for the\nparticle. The sphere has initial radius L_0 and expands at a constant rate c.\nWe calculate the joint probability density, p(r,t|r_0), that the particle\nsurvives until time t, and is at a distance r from the centre of the sphere,\ngiven that it started at a distance r_0 from the centre."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The double domain structure of pair contact process with diffusion: We investigate the domain structure of pair contact process with diffusion\n(PCPD). PCPD is a stochastic reaction-diffusion model which evolves by the\ncompetition of two binary reactions, $2A \\to 3A$ and $2A \\to 0$. In addition,\neach particle diffuses isotropically, which leads to the bidirectional coupling\nbetween solitary particles and pairs. The coupling from pairs to solitary\nparticles is linear, while the opposite coupling is quadratic. The spreading\ndomain formed from localized activities in vacuum consists of two regions, the\ncoupled region of size $R_p$ where pairs and solitary particles coexist and the\nuncoupled region of size $R_U$ where only solitary particles exist\nrespectively. As the size of the whole domain $R$ is given as $R=R_p + R_U$,\n$R_p$ and $R_U$ are the basic length scales of PCPD. At criticality, $R_p$ and\n$R_U$ scale as $R_p \\sim t^{1/Z_p}$ and $R_U \\sim t^{1/Z_U}$ with $Z_U > Z_p$.\nWe estimate $Z_p =1.61(1)$ and $Z_U =1.768(8)$. Hence, the correction to the\nscaling of $R$, $Q=R_U /R_p$ extremely slowly decays, which makes it\npractically impossible to identify the asymptotic scaling behavior of $R$. In\naddition to the generic feature of the bidirectional coupling, the double\ndomain structure is another reason for the extremely slow approach to the\nasymptotic scaling regime of PCPD.",
        "positive": "Fluctuations of $1/f$ noise and the low frequency cutoff paradox: Recent experiments on blinking quantum dots and weak turbulence in liquid\ncrystals reveal the fundamental connection between $1/f$ noise and power law\nintermittency. The non-stationarity of the process implies that the power\nspectrum is random -- a manifestation of weak ergodicity breaking. Here we\nobtain the universal distribution of the power spectrum, which can be used to\nidentify intermittency as the source of the noise. We solve an outstanding\nparadox on the non integrability of $1/f$ noise and the violation of Parseval's\ntheorem. We explain why there is no physical low frequency cutoff and therefore\ncannot be found in experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact eigenspectrum of the symmetric simple exclusion process on the\n  complete, complete bipartite, and related graphs: We show that the infinitesimal generator of the symmetric simple exclusion\nprocess, recast as a quantum spin-1/2 ferromagnetic Heisenberg model, can be\nsolved by elementary techniques on the complete, complete bipartite, and\nrelated multipartite graphs. Some of the resulting infinitesimal generators are\nformally identical to homogeneous as well as mixed higher spins models. The\ndegeneracies of the eigenspectra are described in detail, and the\nClebsch-Gordan machinery needed to deal with arbitrary spin-s representations\nof the SU(2) is briefly developed. We mention in passing how our results fit\nwithin the related questions of a ferromagnetic ordering of energy levels and a\nconjecture according to which the spectral gaps of the random walk and the\ninterchange process on finite simple graphs must be equal.",
        "positive": "Exact propagation of open quantum systems in a system-reservoir context: A stochastic representation of the dynamics of open quantum systems, suitable\nfor non-perturbative system-reservoir interaction, non-Markovian effects and\narbitrarily driven systems is presented. It includes the case of driving on\ntimescales comparable to or shorter than the reservoir correlation time, a\nnotoriously difficult but relevant case in the context of quantum information\nprocessing and quantum thermodynamics. A previous stochastic approach is\nre-formulated for the case of finite reservoir correlation and response times,\nresulting in a numerical simulation strategy exceeding previous ones by orders\nof magnitude in efficiency. Although the approach is based on a memory\nformalism, the dynamical equations propagated in the simulations are\ntime-local. This leaves a wide range of choices in selecting the system to be\nstudied and the numerical method used for propagation. For a series of tests,\nthe dynamics of the spin-boson system is computed in various settings including\nstrong external driving and Landau-Zener transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-organized criticality in neural networks: We demonstrate, both analytically and numerically, that learning dynamics of\nneural networks is generically attracted towards a self-organized critical\nstate. The effect can be modeled with quartic interactions between\nnon-trainable variables (e.g. states of neurons) and trainable variables (e.g.\nweight matrix). Non-trainable variables are rapidly driven towards stochastic\nequilibrium and trainable variables are slowly driven towards learning\nequilibrium described by a scale-invariant distribution on a wide range of\nscales. Our results suggest that the scale invariance observed in many physical\nand biological systems might be due to some kind of learning dynamics and\nsupport the claim that the universe might be a neural network.",
        "positive": "Density Distribution in the Liquid Hg-Sapphire Interface: We present the results of a computer simulation study of the liquid density\ndistribution normal to the interface between liquid Hg and the reconstructed\n(0001) face of sapphire. The simulations are based on an extension of the\nself-consistent quantum Monte Carlo scheme previously used to study the\nstructure of the liquid metal-vapor interface. The calculated density\ndistribution is in very good agreement with that inferred from the recent\nexperimental data of Tamam et al (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1, 1041-1045 (2010)). We\nconclude that, to account for the difference in structure between the liquid\nHg-vapor and liquid-Hg-reconstructed (0001) Al2O3 interfaces, it is not\nnecessary assume there is charge transfer from the Hg to the Al2O3. Rather, the\navailable experimental data are adequately reproduced when the van der Waals\ninteractions of the Al and O atoms with Hg atoms and the exclusion of electron\ndensity from Al2O3 via repulsion of the electrons from the closed shells of the\nions in the solid are accounted for."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Measuring Fermionic Entanglement: Entropy, Negativity, and Spin\n  Structure: The recent direct experimental measurement of quantum entanglement paves the\nway towards a better understanding of many-body quantum systems and their\ncorrelations. Nevertheless, the experimental and theoretical advances had so\nfar been predominantly limited to bosonic systems. Here, we study fermionic\nsystems. Using experimental setups where multiple copies of the same state are\nprepared, arbitrary order Renyi entanglement entropies and entanglement\nnegativities can be extracted by utilizing spatially-uniform beam splitters and\non-site occupation measurement. As an example, we simulate the use of our\nprotocols for measuring the entanglement growth following a local quench. We\nalso illustrate how our paradigm could be used for experimental quantum\nsimulations of fermions on manifolds with nontrivial spin structures.",
        "positive": "Tradeoff of generalization error in unsupervised learning: Finding the optimal model complexity that minimizes the generalization error\n(GE) is a key issue of machine learning. For the conventional supervised\nlearning, this task typically involves the bias-variance tradeoff: lowering the\nbias by making the model more complex entails an increase in the variance.\nMeanwhile, little has been studied about whether the same tradeoff exists for\nunsupervised learning. In this study, we propose that unsupervised learning\ngenerally exhibits a two-component tradeoff of the GE, namely the model error\nand the data error -- using a more complex model reduces the model error at the\ncost of the data error, with the data error playing a more significant role for\na smaller training dataset. This is corroborated by training the restricted\nBoltzmann machine to generate the configurations of the two-dimensional Ising\nmodel at a given temperature and the totally asymmetric simple exclusion\nprocess with given entry and exit rates. Our results also indicate that the\noptimal model tends to be more complex when the data to be learned are more\ncomplex."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation for continuous measurement: We use quantum estimation theory to derive a thermodynamic uncertainty\nrelation in Markovian open quantum systems, which bounds the fluctuation of\ncontinuous measurements. The derived quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation\nholds for arbitrary continuous measurements satisfying a scaling condition. We\nderive two relations; the first relation bounds the fluctuation by the\ndynamical activity and the second one does so by the entropy production. We\napply our bounds to a two-level atom driven by a laser field and a three-level\nquantum thermal machine with jump and diffusion measurements. Our result shows\nthat there exists a universal bound upon the fluctuations, regardless of\ncontinuous measurements.",
        "positive": "Exact Analysis of Delta-Function Attractive Fermions and Repulsive\n  Bosons in One-Dimension: The Gaudin integral equation for the ground state of a one-dimensional\ndelta-function attractive spin-1/2 fermions is solved in the form of power\nseries. The first few terms of the asymptotic expansions for both strong and\nweak coupling cases are calculated analytically. The physical quantities such\nas the ground state energy are expressed in terms of a single dimensionless\nparameter gamma =c/D, where c is the coupling constant and D is the number\ndensity. The results agree with those obtained from the perturbation\ncalculations, which include the one in the classical electrostatics originally\nby Kirchhoff. In the strong coupling limit, the connection to the solutions of\nthe Lieb-Liniger integral equation for the ground state of a one-dimensional\ndelta-function repulsive bose gas is shown explicitly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on: Thermostatistics of Overdamped Motion of Interacting\n  Particles [arXiv:1008.1421]: In a recent paper, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 260601 (2010) [arXiv:1008.1421],\nAndrade et al., argued that classical particles confined in a parabolic trap at\nT=0 distribute themselves in accordance with the Tsallis statistics. To prove\ntheir point the authors performed molecular dynamics simulations. Here we show\nthat the model of Andrade et al. can be solved exactly. The distribution of\nparticles at T=0 has nothing to do with the Tsallis entropy and is determined\nsimply by the force balance.",
        "positive": "Exchange-bond structure and magnetization-step spectra of a diluted\n  Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the square lattice: Lopsided two-exchange\n  models: Theoretycal results on the magnetization and susceptibility of a Heisenberg\ndiluted antiferromagnet in the square lattice are given. The models considered\nhave two exchange constants (J1-J2 and J1-J3) of which the second is much\nsmaller than the first (lopsided models). Cluster statistics for clusters with\nup to 5 spins is given. A procedure to account for the contribution to the\nmagnetization of clusters with more than 5 spins is described."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dual time scales in simulated annealing of a two-dimensional Ising spin\n  glass: We apply a generalized Kibble-Zurek out-of-equilibrium scaling ansatz to\nsimulated annealing when approaching the spin-glass transition at temperature\n$T=0$ of the two-dimensional Ising model with random $J= \\pm 1$ couplings.\nAnalyzing the spin-glass order parameter and the excess energy as functions of\nthe system size and the annealing velocity in Monte Carlo simulations with\nMetropolis dynamics, we find scaling where the energy relaxes slower than the\nspin-glass order parameter, i.e., there are two different dynamic exponents.\nThe values of the exponents relating the relaxation time scales to the system\nlength, $\\tau \\sim L^z$, are $z=8.28 \\pm 0.03$ for the relaxation of the order\nparameter and $z=10.31 \\pm 0.04$ for the energy relaxation. We argue that the\nbehavior with dual time scales arises as a consequence of the entropy-driven\nordering mechanism within droplet theory. We point out that the dynamic\nexponents found here for $T \\to 0$ simulated annealing are different from the\ntemperature-dependent equilibrium dynamic exponent $z_{\\rm eq}(T)$, for which\nprevious studies have found a divergent behavior; $z_{\\rm eq}(T\\to 0) \\to\n\\infty$. Thus, our study shows that, within Metropolis dynamics, it is easier\nto relax the system to one of its degenerate ground states than to migrate at\nlow temperatures between regions of the configuration space surrounding\ndifferent ground states. In a more general context of optimization, our study\nprovides an example of robust dense-region solutions for which the excess\nenergy (the conventional cost function) may not be the best measure of success.",
        "positive": "Classification of Phase Transitions by Microcanonical Inflection-Point\n  Analysis: By means of the principle of minimal sensitivity we generalize the\nmicrocanonical inflection-point analysis method by probing derivatives of the\nmicrocanonical entropy for signals of transitions in complex systems. A\nstrategy of systematically identifying and locating independent and dependent\nphase transitions of any order is proposed. The power of the generalized method\nis demonstrated in applications to the ferromagnetic Ising model and a\ncoarse-grained model for polymer adsorption onto a substrate. The results shed\nnew light on the intrinsic phase structure of systems with cooperative\nbehavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evolution of networks: We review the recent fast progress in statistical physics of evolving\nnetworks. Interest has focused mainly on the structural properties of random\ncomplex networks in communications, biology, social sciences and economics. A\nnumber of giant artificial networks of such a kind came into existence\nrecently. This opens a wide field for the study of their topology, evolution,\nand complex processes occurring in them. Such networks possess a rich set of\nscaling properties. A number of them are scale-free and show striking\nresilience against random breakdowns. In spite of large sizes of these\nnetworks, the distances between most their vertices are short -- a feature\nknown as the ``small-world'' effect. We discuss how growing networks\nself-organize into scale-free structures and the role of the mechanism of\npreferential linking. We consider the topological and structural properties of\nevolving networks, and percolation in these networks. We present a number of\nmodels demonstrating the main features of evolving networks and discuss current\napproaches for their simulation and analytical study. Applications of the\ngeneral results to particular networks in Nature are discussed. We demonstrate\nthe generic connections of the network growth processes with the general\nproblems of non-equilibrium physics, econophysics, evolutionary biology, etc.",
        "positive": "Discontinuous Molecular Dynamics for Semi-Flexible and Rigid Bodies: A general framework for performing event-driven simulations of systems with\nsemi-flexible or rigid bodies interacting under impulsive torques and forces is\noutlined. Two different approaches are presented. In the first, the dynamics\nand interaction rules are derived from Lagrangian mechanics in the presence of\nconstraints. This approach is most suitable when the body is composed of\nrelatively few point masses or is semi-flexible. In the second method, the\nequations of rigid bodies are used to derive explicit analytical expressions\nfor the free evolution of arbitrary rigid molecules and to construct a simple\nscheme for computing interaction rules. Efficient algorithms for the search for\nthe times of interaction events are designed in this context, and the handling\nof missed interaction events is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The role of three-body interactions in two-dimensional polymer collapse: Various interacting lattice path models of polymer collapse in two dimensions\ndemonstrate different critical behaviours. This difference has been without a\nclear explanation. The collapse transition has been variously seen to be in the\nDuplantier-Saleur $\\theta$-point university class (specific heat cusp), the\ninteracting trail class (specific heat divergence) or even first-order. Here we\nstudy via Monte Carlo simulation a generalisation of the Duplantier-Saleur\nmodel on the honeycomb lattice and also a generalisation of the so-called\nvertex-interacting self-avoiding walk model (configurations are actually\nrestricted trails known as grooves) on the triangular lattice. Crucially for\nboth models we have three and two body interactions explicitly and\ndifferentially weighted. We show that both models have similar phase diagrams\nwhen considered in these larger two-parameter spaces. They demonstrate regions\nfor which the collapse transition is first-order for high three body\ninteractions and regions where the collapse is in the Duplantier-Saleur\n$\\theta$-point university class. We conjecture a higher order multiple critical\npoint separating these two types of collapse.",
        "positive": "Noise effects for the Depolarizing Channel: The possibility of stochastic resonance of a quantum channel and hence the\nnoise enhanced capacity of the channel is explored by considering the\ndepolarizing channel. The fidelity of the channel is also considered. Although\nthere is no clear evidence for noise enhanced capacity found, there is\nenhancement for the fidelity for the depolarizing channel. PACS number(s):\n05.40.-a, 03.67.Hk"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging and coarsening in isolated quantum systems after a quench: exact\n  results for the quantum $O(N)$ model with $N \\to \\infty$: The non-equilibrium dynamics of an isolated quantum system after a sudden\nquench to a dynamical critical point is expected to be characterized by scaling\nand universal exponents due to the absence of time scales. We explore these\nfeatures for a quench of the parameters of a Hamiltonian with $O(N)$ symmetry,\nstarting from a ground state in the disordered phase. In the limit of infinite\n$N$, the exponents and scaling forms of the relevant two-time correlation\nfunctions can be calculated exactly. Our analytical predictions are confirmed\nby the numerical solution of the corresponding equations. Moreover, we find\nthat the same scaling functions, yet with different exponents, also describe\nthe coarsening dynamics for quenches below the dynamical critical point.",
        "positive": "Scaling of the local quantum uncertainty at quantum phase transitions: We investigate the local quantum uncertainty (LQU) between a block of L\nqubits and one single qubit in a composite system of n qubits driven through a\nquantum phase transition (QPT). A first-order QPT is analytically considered\nthrough a Hamiltonian implementation of the quantum search. In the case of\nsecond-order QPTs, we consider the transverse-field Ising chain via a numerical\nanalysis through density matrix renormalization group. For both cases, we\ncompute the LQU for finite-sizes as a function of L and of the coupling\nparameter, analyzing its pronounced behavior at the QPT."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Perturbation: the Catastrophe Causer in Scale-Free Networks: A new model about cascading occurrences caused by perturbation is established\nto search after the mechanism because of which catastrophes in networks occur.\nWe investigate the avalanche dynamics of our model on 2-dimension Euclidean\nlattices and scale-free networks and find out the avalanche dynamic behaviors\nis very sensitive to the topological structure of networks. The experiments\nshow that the catastrophes occur much more frequently in scale-free networks\nthan in Euclidean lattices and the greatest catastrophe in scale-free networks\nis much more serious than that in Euclidean lattices. Further more, we have\nstudied how to reduce the catastrophes' degree, and have schemed out an\neffective strategy, called targeted safeguard-strategy for scale-free networks.",
        "positive": "Entropy production and large deviation function for systems with\n  microscopically irreversible transitions: We obtain the large deviation function for entropy production of the medium\nand its distribution function for two-site totally asymmetric simple exclusion\nprocess(TASEP) and three-state unicyclic network. Since such systems are\ndescribed through microscopic irreversible transitions, we obtain\ntime-dependent transition rates by sampling the states of these systems at a\nregular short time interval $\\tau$. These transition rates are used to derive\nthe large deviation function for the entropy production in the nonequilibrium\nsteady state and its asymptotic distribution function. The shapes of the large\ndeviation function and the distribution function depend on the value of the\nmean entropy production rate which has a non-trivial dependence on the particle\ninjection and withdrawal rates in case of TASEP. Further, it is argued that in\ncase of a TASEP, the distribution function tends to be like a Poisson\ndistribution for smaller values of particle injection and withdrawal rates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random geometric graphs in high dimension: Many machine learning algorithms used for dimensional reduction and manifold\nlearning leverage on the computation of the nearest neighbours to each point of\na dataset to perform their tasks. These proximity relations define a so-called\ngeometric graph, where two nodes are linked if they are sufficiently close to\neach other. Random geometric graphs, where the positions of nodes are randomly\ngenerated in a subset of $\\mathbb{R}^{d}$, offer a null model to study typical\nproperties of datasets and of machine learning algorithms. Up to now, most of\nthe literature focused on the characterization of low-dimensional random\ngeometric graphs whereas typical datasets of interest in machine learning live\nin high-dimensional spaces ($d \\gg 10^{2}$). In this work, we consider the\ninfinite dimensions limit of hard and soft random geometric graphs and we show\nhow to compute the average number of subgraphs of given finite size $k$, e.g.\nthe average number of $k$-cliques. This analysis highlights that local\nobservables display different behaviors depending on the chosen ensemble: soft\nrandom geometric graphs with continuous activation functions converge to the\nnaive infinite dimensional limit provided by Erd\\\"os-R\\'enyi graphs, whereas\nhard random geometric graphs can show systematic deviations from it. We present\nnumerical evidence that our analytical insights, exact in infinite dimensions,\nprovide a good approximation also for dimension $d\\gtrsim10$.",
        "positive": "Superglass Phase of Helium-four: We study different solid phases of Helium-four, by means of Path Integral\nMonte Carlo simulations based on a recently developed \"worm\" algorithm. Our\nstudy includes simulations that start off from a high-T gas phase, which is\nthen \"quenched\" down to T=0.2 K. The low-T properties of the system crucially\ndepend on the initial state. While an ideal hcp crystal is a clear-cut\ninsulator, the disordered system freezes into a \"superglass\", i.e., a\nmetastable amorphous solid featuring off-diagonal long-range order and\nsuperfluidity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum partition of energy for a free Brownian particle: Impact of\n  dissipation: We study the quantum counterpart of the theorem on energy equipartition for\nclassical systems. We consider a free quantum Brownian particle modelled in\nterms of the Caldeira-Leggett framework: a system plus thermostat consisting of\nan infinite number of harmonic oscillators. By virtue of the theorem on the\naveraged kinetic energy $E_k$ of the quantum particle, it is expressed as $E_k\n= \\langle \\mathcal E_k \\rangle$, where $\\mathcal E_k$ is thermal kinetic energy\nof the thermostat per one degree of freedom and $\\langle ...\\rangle$ denotes\naveraging over frequencies $\\omega$ of thermostat oscillators which contribute\nto $E_k$ according to the probability distribution $\\mathbb P(\\omega)$. We\nexplore the impact of various dissipation mechanisms, via the Drude, Gaussian,\nalgebraic and Debye spectral density functions, on the characteristic features\nof $\\mathbb{P}(\\omega)$. The role of the system-thermostat coupling strength\nand the memory time on the most probable thermostat oscillator frequency as\nwell as the kinetic energy $E_k$ of the Brownian particle is analysed.",
        "positive": "Linear response in the uniformly heated granular gas: We analyse the linear response properties of the uniformly heated granular\ngas. The intensity of the stochastic driving fixes the value of the granular\ntemperature in the non-equilibrium steady state reached by the system. Here, we\ninvestigate two specific situations. First, we look into the ``direct''\nrelaxation of the system after a single (small) jump of the driving intensity.\nThis study is carried out by two different methods. Not only do we linearise\nthe evolution equations around the steady state, but also derive generalised\nout-of-equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relations for the relevant response\nfunctions. Second, we investigate the behaviour of the system in a more complex\nexperiment, specifically a Kovacs-like protocol with two jumps in the driving.\nThe emergence of anomalous Kovacs response is explained in terms of the\nproperties of the direct relaxation function: it is the second mode changing\nsign at the critical value of the inelasticity that demarcates anomalous from\nnormal behaviour. The analytical results are compared with numerical\nsimulations of the kinetic equation, and a good agreement is found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Three-phase fractionation of polydisperse fluids: It is shown that the van der Waals free-energy of polydisperse fluids, as\nintroduced previously (L. Bellier-Castella, H. Xu and M. Baus, {J. Chem. Phys.}\n{113}, 8337 (2000)), predicts that for certain thermodynamic states (e.g. low\ntemperatures and large polydispersities) the ordinary two-phase coexistences\nbecome metastable relative to a fractionation of the system into three phases,\nreducing thereby the polydispersity of each of the coexisting phases.",
        "positive": "Sliding blocks with random friction and absorbing random walks: With the purpose of explaining recent experimental findings, we study the\ndistribution $A(\\lambda)$ of distances $\\lambda$ traversed by a block that\nslides on an inclined plane and stops due to friction. A simple model in which\nthe friction coefficient $\\mu$ is a random function of position is considered.\nThe problem of finding $A(\\lambda)$ is equivalent to a First-Passage-Time\nproblem for a one-dimensional random walk with nonzero drift, whose exact\nsolution is well-known. From the exact solution of this problem we conclude\nthat: a) for inclination angles $\\theta$ less than $\\theta_c=\\tan(\\av{\\mu})$\nthe average traversed distance $\\av{\\lambda}$ is finite, and diverges when\n$\\theta \\to \\theta_c^{-}$ as $\\av{\\lambda} \\sim (\\theta_c-\\theta)^{-1}$; b) at\nthe critical angle a power-law distribution of slidings is obtained:\n$A(\\lambda) \\sim \\lambda^{-3/2}$. Our analytical results are confirmed by\nnumerical simulation, and are in partial agreement with the reported\nexperimental results. We discuss the possible reasons for the remaining\ndiscrepancies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Absence of confinement and non-Boltzmann stationary states of fractional\n  Brownian motion in shallow external potentials: We study the diffusive motion of a particle in a subharmonic potential of the\nform $U(x)=|x|^c$ ($0<c<2$) driven by long-range correlated, stationary\nfractional Gaussian noise $\\xi_{\\alpha}(t)$ with $0<\\alpha\\le2$. In the absence\nof the potential the particle exhibits free fractional Brownian motion with\nanomalous diffusion exponent $\\alpha$. While for an harmonic external potential\nthe dynamics converges to a Gaussian stationary state, from extensive numerical\nanalysis we here demonstrate that stationary states for shallower than harmonic\npotentials exist only as long as the relation $c>2(1-1/\\alpha)$ holds. We\nanalyse the motion in terms of the mean squared displacement and (when it\nexists) the stationary probability density function (PDF). Moreover we discuss\nanalogies of non-stationarity of L{\\'e}vy flights in shallow external\npotentials.",
        "positive": "Stochastic dynamics on slow manifolds: The theory of slow manifolds is an important tool in the study of\ndeterministic dynamical systems, giving a practical method by which to reduce\nthe number of relevant degrees of freedom in a model, thereby often resulting\nin a considerable simplification. In this article we demonstrate how the same\nbasic methodology may also be applied to stochastic dynamical systems, by\nexamining the behaviour of trajectories conditioned on the event that they do\nnot depart the slow manifold. We apply the method to two models: one from\necology and one from epidemiology, achieving a reduction in model dimension and\nillustrating the high quality of the analytical approximations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Measurement of Isothermal Pressure of Lattice Gas by Random Walk: We present a computational random walk method of measuring the isothermal\npressure of the lattice gas with and without the excluded volume interaction.\nThe method is based on the discretization of the exact thermodynamic relation\nfor the pressure. The simulation results are in excellent agreement with the\ntheoretical predictions.",
        "positive": "Shape effects in the fluctuations of random isochrones on a square\n  lattice: We consider the isochrone curves in first-passage percolation on a 2D square\nlattice, i.e. the boundary of the set of points which can be reached in less\nthan a given time from a certain origin. The occurrence of an instantaneous\naverage shape is described in terms of its Fourier components, highlighting a\ncrossover between a diamond and a circular geometry as the noise level is\nincreased. Generally, these isochrones can be understood as fluctuating\ninterfaces with an inhomogeneous local width which reveals the underlying\nlattice structure. We show that once these inhomogeneities have been taken into\naccount, the fluctuations fall into the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality\nclass with very good accuracy, where they reproduce the Family-Vicsek Ansatz\nwith the expected exponents and the Tracy-Widom histogram for the local radial\nfluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-order scaling near a second-order phase transition: Tricritical\n  polymer collapse: The coil-globule transition of an isolated polymer has been well established\nto be a second-order phase transition described by a standard tricritical O(0)\nfield theory. We provide compelling evidence from Monte Carlo simulations in\nfour dimensions, where mean-field theory should apply, that the approach to\nthis (tri)critical point is dominated by the build-up of first-order-like\nsingularities masking the second-order nature of the coil-globule transition:\nthe distribution of the internal energy having two clear peaks that become more\ndistinct and sharp as the tricritical point is approached. However, the\ndistance between the peaks slowly decays to zero. The evidence shows that the\nposition of this (pseudo) first-order transition is shifted by an amount from\nthe tricritical point that is asymptotically much larger than the width of the\ntransition region. We suggest an explanation for the apparently contradictory\nscaling predictions in the literature.",
        "positive": "Finite-size critical fluctuations in microscopic models of mode-coupling\n  theory: Facilitated spin models on random graphs provide an ideal microscopic\nrealization of the mode-coupling theory of supercooled liquids: they undergo a\npurely dynamic glass transition with no thermodynamic singularity. In this\npaper we study the fluctuations of dynamical heterogeneity and their\nfinite-size scaling properties in the beta relaxation regime of such\nmicroscopic spin models. We compare the critical fluctuations behavior for two\ndistinct measures of correlations with the results of a recently proposed field\ntheoretical description based on quasi-equilibrium ideas. We find that the\ntheoretical predictions perfectly fit the numerical simulation data once the\nrelevant order parameter is identified with the persistence function of the\nspins."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The kinetic exclusion process: a tale of two fields: We introduce a general class of stochastic lattice gas models, and derive\ntheir fluctuating hydrodynamics description in the large size limit under a\nlocal equilibrium hypothesis. The model consists in energetic particles on a\nlattice subject to exclusion interactions, which move and collide\nstochastically with energy-dependent rates. The resulting fluctuating\nhydrodynamics equations exhibit nonlinear coupled particle and energy\ntransport, including particle currents due to temperature gradients (Soret\neffect) and energy flow due to concentration gradients (Dufour effect). The\nmicroscopic dynamical complexity is condensed in just two matrices of transport\ncoefficients: the diffusivity matrix (or equivalently the Onsager matrix)\ngeneralizing Fick-Fourier's law, and the mobility matrix controlling current\nfluctuations. Both transport coefficients are coupled via a\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem, suggesting that the noise terms affecting the\nlocal currents have Gaussian properties. We further prove the positivity of\nentropy production in terms of the microscopic dynamics. The so-called kinetic\nexclusion process has as limiting cases two of the most paradigmatic models of\nnonequilibrium physics, namely the symmetric simple exclusion process of\nparticle diffusion and the Kipnis-Marchioro-Presutti model of heat flow, making\nit the ideal testbed where to further develop modern theories of nonequilibrium\nbehavior.",
        "positive": "Long-Range Prethermal Phases of Nonequilibrium Matter: We prove the existence of non-equilibrium phases of matter in the prethermal\nregime of periodically-driven, long-range interacting systems, with power-law\nexponent $\\alpha > d$, where $d$ is the dimensionality of the system. In this\ncontext, we predict the existence of a disorder-free, prethermal discrete time\ncrystal in one dimension -- a phase strictly forbidden in the absence of\nlong-range interactions. Finally, using a combination of analytic and numerical\nmethods, we highlight key experimentally observable differences between such a\nprethermal time crystal and its many-body localized counterpart."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Activated escape over oscillating barriers: The case of many dimensions: We present a novel path-integral method for the determination of\ntime-dependent and time-averaged reaction rates in multidimensional,\nperiodically driven escape problems at weak thermal noise. The so obtained\ngeneral expressions are evaluated explicitly for the situation of a\nsinusoidally driven, damped particle with inertia moving in a metastable,\npiecewise parabolic potential. A comparison with data from Monte-Carlo\nsimulations yields a very good agreement with our analytic results over a wide\nparameter range.",
        "positive": "Estimating the speed-up of Adaptively Restrained Langevin Dynamics: We consider Adaptively Restrained Langevin dynamics, in which the kinetic\nenergy function vanishes for small velocities. Properly parameterized, this\ndynamics makes it possible to reduce the computational complexity of updating\ninter-particle forces, and to accelerate the computation of ergodic averages of\nmolecular simulations. In this paper, we analyze the influence of the method\nparameters on the total achievable speed-up. In particular, we estimate both\nthe algorithmic speed-up, resulting from incremental force updates, and the\ninfluence of the change of the dynamics on the asymptotic variance. This allows\nus to propose a practical strategy for the parametrization of the method. We\nvalidate these theoretical results by representative numerical experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Single-file transport in periodic potentials: The Brownian asymmetric\n  exclusion process: Single-file Brownian motion in periodic structures is an important process in\nnature and technology, which becomes increasingly amenable for experimental\ninvestigation under controlled conditions. To explore and understand generic\nfeatures of this motion, the Brownian asymmetric simple exclusion process\n(BASEP) was recently introduced. The BASEP refers to diffusion models, where\nhard spheres are driven by a constant drag force through a periodic potential.\nHere, we derive general properties of the rich collective dynamics in the\nBASEP. Average currents in the steady state change dramatically with the\nparticle size and density. For an open system coupled to particle reservoirs,\nextremal current principles predict various nonequilibrium phases, which we\nverify by Brownian dynamics simulations. For general pair interactions we\ndiscuss connections to single-file transport by traveling-wave potentials and\nprove the impossibility of current reversals in systems driven by a constant\ndrag and by traveling waves.",
        "positive": "Quantum thermodynamics of nonadiabatically driven systems: The effect of\n  electron-phonon interaction: In this work we study the effects of nonadiabatic external driving on the\nthermodynamics of an electronic system coupled to two electronic leads and to a\nphonon mode, with and without damping. In the limit of slow driving, we\nestablish nonadiabatic corrections to quantum thermodynamic quantities. In\nparticular, we study the first-order correction to the electronic population,\ncharge-current, and vibrational excitation using a perturbative expansion, and\ncompare the results to the numerically exact hierarchical equations of motion\n(HEOM) approach. Furthermore, the HEOM analysis spans both the weak and strong\nsystem-bath coupling regime and the slow and fast driving limits. We show that\nthe electronic friction and the nonadiabatic corrections to the charge-current\nprovide a clear indicator for the Franck-Condon effect and for non-resonant\ntunneling processes. We also discuss the validity of the approximate quantum\nmaster equation approach and the benefits of using HEOM to study quantum\nthermodynamics out of equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Lee-Yang zeros for continuous-time and discrete-time\n  stochastic processes: We describe classical stochastic processes by using dynamical Lee-Yang zeros.\nThe system is in contact with external leads and the time evolution is\ndescribed by the two-state classical master equation. The cumulant generating\nfunction is written in a factorized form and the current distribution of the\nsystem is characterized by the dynamical Lee-Yang zeros. We show that a\ncontinuous distribution of zeros is obtained by discretizing the time variable.\nWhen the transition probability is a periodically-oscillating function of time,\nthe distribution of zeros splits into many parts. We study the geometric\nproperty of the current by comparing the result with that of the adiabatic\napproximation. We also use the Floquet-Magnus expansion in the continuous-time\ncase to study dynamical effects on the current at the fast-driving regime.",
        "positive": "A Diagrammatic Kinetic Theory of Density Fluctuations in Simple Liquids\n  in the Overdamped Limit. I. A Long Time Scale Theory for High Density: Starting with a formally exact diagrammatic kinetic theory for the\nequilibrium correlation functions of particle density and current fluctuations\nfor a monatomic liquid, we develop a theory for high density liquids whose\ninteratomic potential has a strongly repulsive short ranged part. We assume\nthat interparticle collisions via this short ranged part of the potential are\nsufficient to randomize the velocities of the particles on a very small time\nscale compared with the fundamental time scale defined as the particle diameter\ndivided by the mean thermal velocity. When this is the case, the graphical\ntheory suggests that both the particle current correlation functions and the\nmemory function of the particle density correlation function evolve on two\ndistinct time scales, the very short time scale just mentioned and another that\nis much longer than the fundamental time scale. The diagrams that describe the\nmotion on each of these time scales are identified. When the two time scales\nare very different, a dramatic simplification of the diagrammatic theory at\nlong times takes place. We identify an irreducible memory function and a more\nbasic function, which we call the irreducible memory kernel. This latter\nfunction evolves on the longer time scale only and determines the time\ndependence of the density and current correlation functions of interest at long\ntimes. In the following paper, a simple one-loop approximation for the\nirreducible memory kernel is used to calculate correlation functions for a\nLennard-Jones fluid at high density and a variety of temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discrete Boltzmann model of compressible flows with spherical or\n  cylindrical symmetry: To study simultaneously the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic behaviors in\ncompressible flow systems with spherical or cylindrical symmetry, we present a\ntheoretical framework for constructing Discrete Boltzmann Model(DBM) with\nspherical or cylindrical symmetry in spherical or cylindrical coordinates. To\nthis aim, a key technique is to use \\emph{local} Cartesian coordinates to\ndescribe the particle velocity in the kinetic model. Thus, the geometric\neffects, like the divergence and convergence, are described as a\n\\textquotedblleft force term\\textquotedblright . Even though the hydrodynamic\nmodels are one- or two-dimensional, the DBM needs a Discrete Velocity\nModel(DVM) with 3 dimensions. We use a DVM with 26 velocities to formulate the\nDBM which recovers the Navier-Stokes equations with spherical or cylindrical\nsymmetry in the hydrodynamic limit. For the system with \\emph{global}\ncylindrical symmetry, we formulated also a DBM based on a DVM with 2 dimensions\nand 16 velocities. In terms of the nonconserved moments, we define two sets of\nmeasures for the deviations of the system from its thermodynamic equilibrium\nstate. The extension of current model to the multiple-relaxation-time version\nis straightforward.",
        "positive": "Facilitated Asymmetric Exclusion: We introduce a class of facilitated asymmetric exclusion processes in which\nparticles are pushed by neighbors from behind. For the simplest version in\nwhich a particle can hop to its vacant right neighbor only if its left neighbor\nis occupied, we determine the steady state current and the distribution of\ncluster sizes on a ring. We show that an initial density downstep develops into\na rarefaction wave that can have a jump discontinuity at the leading edge,\nwhile an upstep results in a shock wave. This unexpected rarefaction wave\ndiscontinuity occurs generally for facilitated exclusion processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Gross-Pitaevsky Equation for BEC via Coarse-Grained Effective\n  Action: We sketch the major steps in a functional integral derivation of a new set of\nStochastic Gross-Pitaevsky equations (GPE) for a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC)\nconfined to a trap at zero temperature with the averaged effects of\nnon-condensate modes incorporated as stochastic sources. The closed-time-path\n(CTP) coarse-grained effective action (CGEA) or the equivalent influence\nfunctional method is particularly suitable because it can account for the full\nback-reaction of the noncondensate modes on the condensate dynamics\nself-consistently. The Langevin equations derived here containing nonlocal\ndissipation together with colored and multiplicative noises are useful for a\nstochastic (as distinguished from say, a kinetic) description of the\nnonequilibrium dynamics of a BEC. This short paper contains original research\nresults not yet published anywhere.",
        "positive": "Translation Symmetry Breaking in the One-Component Plasma on the\n  Cylinder: The two-dimensional one-component plasma, i.e. the system of point-like\ncharged particles embedded in a homogeneous neutralizing background, is studied\non the surface of a cylinder of finite circumference, or equivalently in a\nsemiperiodic strip of finite width. The model has been solved exactly by\nChoquard et al. at the free-fermion coupling $\\Gamma=2$: in the thermodynamic\nlimit of an infinitely long strip, the particle density turns out to be a\nnonconstant periodic function in space and the system exhibits long-range order\nof the Wigner-crystal type. The aim of this paper is to describe, qualitatively\nas well as quantitatively, the crystalline state for a larger set of couplings\n$\\Gamma=2\\gamma$ ($\\gamma=1,2,...$ a positive integer) when the plasma is\nmappable onto a one-dimensional fermionic theory. The fermionic formalism,\nsupplemented by some periodicity assumptions, reveals that the density profile\nresults from a hierarchy of Gaussians with a uniform variance but with\ndifferent amplitudes. The number and spatial positions of these Gaussians\nwithin an elementary cell depend on the particular value of $\\gamma$. Analytic\nresults are supported by the exact solution at $\\gamma=1$ ($\\Gamma=2$) and by\nexact finite-size calculations at $\\gamma=2,3$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Financial Modeling and Option Theory with the Truncated Levy Process: In recent studies the truncated Levy process (TLP) has been shown to be very\npromising for the modeling of financial dynamics. In contrast to the Levy\nprocess, the TLP has finite moments and can account for both the previously\nobserved excess kurtosis at short timescales, along with the slow convergence\nto Gaussian at longer timescales. I further test the truncated Levy paradigm\nusing high frequency data from the Australian All Ordinaries share market\nindex. I then consider, for the early Levy dominated regime, the issue of\noption hedging for two different hedging strategies that are in some sense\noptimal. These are compared with the usual delta hedging approach and found to\ndiffer significantly. I also derive the natural generalization of the\nBlack-Scholes option pricing formula when the underlying security is modeled by\na geometric TLP. This generalization would not be possible without the\ntruncation.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics of coil-hairpin transition in a single stranded\n  DNA oligomer: A model of self-avoiding walk with suitable constraints on self-attraction is\ndeveloped to describe the conformational behavior of a short RNA or a single\nstranded DNA molecule that forms hairpin structure and calculate the properties\nassociated with coil-hairpin transition by enumerating all possible\nconformations of a chain of N monomers in two and three dimensions. The first\nand last five monomers of the chain have been allowed to pair and form the stem\nof the hairpin structure while the remaining monomers can form a loop. The\ncoil-hairpin transition is found to be first order with large entropy change.\nWhile the rate of unzipping of the hairpin stem is found to be independent of\nthe length of the loop and the dimensionality of the space, the rate of closing\nvaries greatly with loop length and dimensionality of the space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bose-Einstein condensation: what, how and beyond: The piling up of a macroscopic fraction of noninteracting bosons in the\nlowest energy state of a system at very low temperatures is known as\nBose-Einstein condensation. It took nearly 70 years to observe the condensate\nafter their theoretical prediction. A brief history of the relevant\ndevelopments, essentials of the basic theory, physics of the steps involved in\nproducing the condensate in a gas of alkali atoms together with the pertinent\ntheory, and some important features of the research work carried out in the\nlast about 25 years have been dealt with. An effort has been made to present\nthe material in a manner that it can be easily followed by undergraduate\nstudents as well as non-specialists and may even be used for classroom\nteaching.",
        "positive": "Diffusive persistence and the `sign-time' distribution: We present a new method for extracting the persistence exponent theta for the\ndiffusion equation, based on the distribution P of `sign-times'. With the aid\nof a numerically verified Ansatz for P we derive an exact formula for theta in\narbitrary spatial dimension d. Our results are in excellent agreement with\nprevious numerical studies. Furthermore, our results indicate a qualitative\nchange in P above d ~ 36, signalling the existence of a sharp change in the\nergodic properties of the diffusion field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical thermodynamics of membrane bending mediated protein-protein\n  attraction: Integral membrane proteins deform the surrounding bilayer creating\nlong-ranged forces that influence distant proteins. These forces can be\nattractive or repulsive, depending on the proteins' shape, height, contact\nangle with the bilayer, as well as the local membrane curvature. Although\ninteraction energies are not pairwise additive, for sufficiently low protein\ndensity, thermodynamic properties depend only upon pair interactions. Here, we\ncompute pair interaction potentials and entropic contributions to the\ntwo-dimensional osmotic pressure of a collection of noncircular proteins. In\ncontrast to direct short-ranged interactions such as van der Waal's,\nhydrophobic, or electrostatic interactions, both local membrane Gaussian\ncurvature and protein ellipticity can induce attractions between two proteins\nat distances of up to ten times their typical radii. For flat membranes,\nbending rigidities of $\\sim 30k_{B}T$, and moderate ellipticities, we find\nthermally averaged attractive interactions of order $\\sim 2k_{B}T$. These\ninteractions may play an important role in the intermediate stages of protein\naggregation.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of the heat bath for two Brownian\n  particles: We propose a new look at the heat bath for two Brownian particles, in which\nthe heat bath as a `system' is both perturbed and sensed by the Brownian\nparticles. Non-local thermal fluctuation give rise to bath-mediated static\nforces between the particles. Based on the general sum-rule of the linear\nresponse theory, we derive an explicit relation linking these forces to the\nfriction kernel describing the particles' dynamics. The relation is\nanalytically confirmed in the case of two solvable models and could be\nexperimentally challenged. Our results point out that the inclusion of the\nenvironment as a part of the whole system is important for micron- or\nnano-scale physics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boson pairing and unusual criticality in a generalized XY model: We discuss the unusual critical behavior of a generalized XY model containing\nboth 2\\pi-periodic and \\pi-periodic couplings between sites. The presence of\nvortices and half-vortices allows for single-particle condensate and\npair-condensate phases. Using a field theoretic formulation and worm algorithm\nMonte Carlo simulations, we show that in two dimensions it is possible for the\nsystem to pass directly from the disordered (high temperature) phase to the\nsingle particle (quasi)-condensate via an Ising transition, a situation\nreminiscent of the `deconfined criticality' scenario.",
        "positive": "Trapping of a random walk by diffusing traps: We present a systematic analytical approach to the trapping of a random walk\nby a finite density rho of diffusing traps in arbitrary dimension d. We confirm\nthe phenomenologically predicted e^{-c_d rho t^{d/2}} time decay of the\nsurvival probability, and compute the dimension dependent constant c_d to\nleading order within an eps=2-d expansion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multi-class fundamental diagrams from the Prigogine-Herman-Boltzmann\n  equation: Our aim in this paper is to establish a theoretical fundamental diagram for a\nmulti-class traffic flow from a gas-kinetic-like traffic model. We start with a\nmulti-class generalization of the Prigogine-Herman-Boltzmann equation to\nconstruct the fundamental relation for this system. We show that there exists a\ncritical density which depends on the relative concentration of slow and fast\nusers and describe a procedure to find the threshold value. Finally, our\nflow-density relation for a two-class mixture of vehicles is contrasted with\nempirical data in the literature.",
        "positive": "The Metropolis Monte Carlo Finite Element Algorithm for Electrostatic\n  Interactions: The Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm with the Finite Element method applied\nto compute electrostatic interaction energy between charge densities is\ndescribed in this work. By using the Finite Element method to integrate\nnumerically the Poisson's equation, it is shown that the computing time to\nobtain the acceptance probability of an elementary trial move does not, in\nprinciple, depend on the number of charged particles present in the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Local Product Rules for Percolation: Despite original claims of a first-order transition in the product rule model\nproposed by Achlioptas et al. [Science 323, 1453 (2009)], recent studies\nindicate that this percolation model, in fact, displays a continuous\ntransition. The distinctive scaling properties of the model at criticality,\nhowever, strongly suggest that it should belong to a different universality\nclass than ordinary percolation. Here we introduce a generalization of the\nproduct rule that reveals the effect of non-locality on the critical behavior\nof the percolation process. Precisely, pairs of unoccupied bonds are chosen\naccording to a probability that decays as a power-law of their Manhattan\ndistance, and only that bond connecting clusters whose product of their sizes\nis the smallest, becomes occupied. Interestingly, our results for\ntwo-dimensional lattices at criticality shows that the power-law exponent of\nthe product rule has a significant influence on the finite-size scaling\nexponents for the spanning cluster, the conducting backbone, and the cutting\nbonds of the system. In all three cases, we observe a continuous variation from\nordinary to (non-local) explosive percolation exponents.",
        "positive": "On the transient Fluctuation Dissipation Theorem after a quench at a\n  critical point: The Modified Fluctuation Dissipation Theorem (MFDT) proposed by G. Verley et\nal. {\\it (EPL 93, 10002, (2011))} for non equilibrium transient states is\nexperimentally studied. We apply MFDT to the transient relaxation dynamics of\nthe director of a liquid crystal after a quench close to the critical point of\nthe Fr\\'eedericksz transition (Ftr), which has several properties of a second\norder phase transition driven by an electric field. Although the standard\nFluctuation Dissipation Theorem (FDT) is not satisfied, because the system is\nstrongly out of equilibrium, the MFDT is perfectly verified during the\ntransient in a system which is only partially described by Landau-Ginzburg (LG)\nequation, to which our observation are compared. The results can be useful in\nthe study of material aging."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Increasing thermoelectric efficiency towards the Carnot limit: We study the problem of thermoelectricity and propose a simple microscopic\nmechanism for the increase of thermoelectric efficiency. We consider the cross\ntransport of particles and energy in open classical ergodic billiards. We show\nthat, in the linear response regime, where we find exact expressions for all\ntransport coefficients, the thermoelectric efficiency of ideal ergodic gases\ncan approach Carnot efficiency for sufficiently complex charge carrier\nmolecules. Our results are clearly demonstrated with a simple numerical\nsimulation of a Lorentz gas of particles with internal rotational degrees of\nfreedom.",
        "positive": "Nonperturbative renormalization group for the stationary\n  Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation: scaling functions and amplitude ratios in 1+1,\n  2+1 and 3+1 dimensions: We investigate the strong-coupling regime of the stationary\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang equation for interfaces growing on a substrate of dimension\nd=1, 2, and 3 using a nonperturbative renormalization group (NPRG) approach. We\ncompute critical exponents, correlation and response functions, extract the\nrelated scaling functions and calculate universal amplitude ratios. We work\nwith a simplified implementation of the second-order (in the response field)\napproximation proposed in a previous work [PRE 84, 061128 (2011) and Erratum\n86, 019904 (2012)], which greatly simplifies the frequency sector of the NPRG\nflow equations, while keeping a nontrivial frequency dependence for the 2-point\nfunctions. The one-dimensional scaling function obtained within this approach\ncompares very accurately with the scaling function obtained from the full\nsecond-order NPRG equations and with the exact scaling function. Furthermore,\nthe approach is easily applicable to higher dimensions and we provide scaling\nfunctions and amplitude ratios in d=2 and d=3. We argue that our ansatz is\nreliable up to d \\simeq 3.5."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Virtual walks in spin space: a study in a family of two-parameter models: We investigate the dynamics of classical spins mapped as walkers in a virtual\n\"spin\" space using a generalised two-parameter family of spin models\ncharacterized by parameters $y$ and $z$ [M. J. de Oliveira, J. F. F. Mendes and\nM. A. Santos, J. Phys. A Math. Gen. \\textbf{26}, 2317 (1993)]. The behavior of\n$S(x,t)$, the probability that the walker is at position $x$ at time $t$ is\nstudied in detail. In general $S(x,t) \\sim t^{-\\alpha}f(x/t^{\\alpha})$ with\n$\\alpha \\simeq 1$ or $0.5$ at large times depending on the parameters. In\nparticular, $S(x,t)$ for the point $y=1, z=0.5$ corresponding to the voter\nmodel shows a crossover in time; associated with this crossover, two timescales\ncan be defined which vary with the system size $L$ as $L^2\\log L$. We also show\nthat as the voter model point is approached from the disordered regions along\ndifferent directions, the width of the Gaussian distribution $S(x,t)$ diverges\nin a power law manner with different exponents. For the majority voter case,\nthe results indicate that the the virtual walk can detect the phase transition\nperhaps more efficiently compared to other non-equilibrium methods.",
        "positive": "Current large deviation function for the open asymmetric simple\n  exclusion process: We consider the one dimensional asymmetric exclusion process with particle\ninjection and extraction at two boundaries. The model is known to exhibit four\ndistinct phases in its stationary state. We analyze the current statistics at\nthe first site in the low and high density phases. In the limit of infinite\nsystem size, we conjecture an exact expression for the current large deviation\nfunction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the passage properties of the gradual capture of a diffusive particle\n  in the presence of drift: We investigate a stochastic process consisting of a two-dimensional particle\nwith anisotropic diffusion, mortality rate and a drift velocity, in the\npresence of an absorbing boundary. After the particle has encountered the\nboundary, the process is restarted with updated values of its diffusion\nconstants and drift velocity. We then derive the joint probability that, after\n$M$ encounters, the particle is absorbed at a point of the boundary at a given\ntime and show that, under certain conditions, the eventual hitting probability\ncorresponds to a Bessel distribution. In the context of the man-mosquitoes\nproblem, the mosquito is able to gradually capture the man, after which the\nmosquito follows a diffusion process with no drift. Our results are compared\nthoroughly with Monte Carlo simulations showing excellent agreement.",
        "positive": "The Riemann surface of the chiral Potts model free energy function: In a recent paper we derived the free energy or partition function of the\n$N$-state chiral Potts model by using the infinite lattice ``inversion\nrelation'' method, together with a non-obvious extra symmetry. This gave us\nthree recursion relations for the partition function per site $T_{pq}$ of the\ninfinite lattice. Here we use these recursion relations to obtain the full\nRiemann surface of $T_{pq}$. In terms of the $t_p, t_q$ variables, it consists\nof an infinite number of Riemann sheets, each sheet corresponding to a point on\na $(2N-1)$-dimensional lattice (for $N > 2$).\n  The function $T_{pq}$ is meromorphic on this surface: we obtain the orders of\nall the zeros and poles. For $N$ odd, we show that these orders are determined\nby the usual inversion and rotation relations (without the extra symmetry),\ntogether with a simple linearity ansatz. For $N$ even, this method does not\ngive the orders uniquely, but leaves only $[(N+4)/4]$ parameters to be\ndetermined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coulomb friction driving Brownian motors: We review a family of models recently introduced to describe Brownian motors\nunder the influence of Coulomb friction, or more general non-linear friction\nlaws. It is known that, if the heat bath is modeled as the usual Langevin\nequation (linear viscosity plus white noise), additional non-linear friction\nforces are not sufficient to break detailed balance, i.e. cannot produce a\nmotor effect. We discuss two possibile mechanisms to elude this problem. A\nfirst possibility, exploited in several models inspired to recent experiments,\nis to replace the heat bath's white noise by a ``collisional noise'', that is\nthe effect of random collisions with an external equilibrium gas of particles.\nA second possibility is enlarging the phase space, e.g. by adding an external\npotential which couples velocity to position, as in a Klein-Kramers equation.\nIn both cases, non-linear friction becomes sufficient to achieve a\nnon-equilibrium steady state and, in the presence of an even small spatial\nasymmetry, a motor effect is produced.",
        "positive": "Multicomponent compact Abelian-Higgs lattice models: We investigate the phase diagram and critical behavior of three-dimensional\nmulticomponent Abelian-Higgs models, in which an N-component complex field\nz_x^a of unit length and charge is coupled to compact quantum electrodynamics\nin the usual Wilson lattice formulation. We determine the phase diagram and\nstudy the nature of the transition line for N=2 and N=4. Two phases are\nidentified, specified by the behavior of the gauge-invariant local composite\noperator Q_x^{ab} = \\bar{z}_x^a z_x^b - \\delta^{ab}/N, which plays the role of\norder parameter. In one phase, we have \\langle Q_x^{ab}\\rangle =0, while in the\nother Q_x^{ab} condenses. Gauge correlations are never critical: gauge\nexcitations are massive for any finite coupling. The two phases are separated\nby a transition line. Our numerical data are consistent with the simple\nscenario in which the nature of the transition is independent of the gauge\ncoupling. Therefore, for any finite positive value of the gauge coupling, we\npredict a continuous transition in the Heisenberg universality class for N=2\nand a first-order transition for N=4. However, notable crossover phenomena\nemerge for large gauge couplings, when gauge fluctuations are suppressed. Such\ncrossover phenomena are related to the unstable O(2N) fixed point, describing\nthe behavior of the model in the infinite gauge-coupling limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Continuous-Time Random Walks at All Times: Continuous-time random walks (CTRW) play important role in understanding of a\nwide range of phenomena. However, most theoretical studies of these models\nconcentrate only on stationary-state dynamics. We present a new theoretical\napproach, based on generalized master equations picture, that allowed us to\nobtain explicit expressions for Laplace transforms for all dynamic quantities\nfor different CTRW models. This theoretical method leads to the effective\ndescription of CTRW at all times. Specific calculations are performed for\nhomogeneous, periodic models and for CTRW with irreversible detachments. The\napproach to stationary states for CTRW is analyzed. Our results are also used\nto analyze generalized fluctuations theorem.",
        "positive": "On status of Boltzmann kinetic theory in the framework of statistical\n  mechanics: It is shown that early suggested derivation of the Boltzmann kinetic equation\nfor dilute hard sphere gas from the time-reversible BBGKY equations is\nincorrect since in fact a priori substitutes for them definite irreversible\nequations. Alternative approach to analysis of the hard sphere gas is\nformulated which conserves the reversibility and makes it clear that at any gas\ndensity one can reduce the BBGKY equations to the Boltzmann equation only in\ncase of spatially uniform gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ballistic L\u00e9vy walk with rests: Escape from a bounded domain: The L\\'evy walk process for the lower interval of the time of flight\ndistribution ($\\alpha<1$) and with finite resting time between consecutive\nflights is discussed. The motion is restricted to a region bounded by two\nabsorbing barriers and the escape process is analysed. By means of a Poisson\nequation, the total density, which includes both flying and resting phase, is\nderived and the first passage time properties determined: the mean first\npassage time appears proportional to the barrier position; moreover, the\ndependence of that quantity on $\\alpha$ is established. Two limits emerge from\nthe model: of short waiting time, that corresponds to L\\'evy walks without\nrests, and long waiting time which exhibits properties of a L\\'evy flights\nmodel. The similar quantities are derived for the case of a position-dependent\nwaiting time. Then the mean first passage time rises with barrier position\nfaster than for L\\'evy flights model. The analytical results are compared with\nMonte Carlo trajectory simulations.",
        "positive": "Velocity Selection in 3D Dendrites: Phase Field Computations and\n  Microgravity Experiments: The growth of a single needle of succinonitrile (SCN) is studied in three\ndimensional space by using a phase field model. For realistic physical\nparameters, namely, the large differences in the length scales, i.e., the\ncapillarity length (10^{-8}cm - 10^{-6}cm), the radius of the curvature at the\ntip of the interface (10^{-3}cm - 10^{-2}cm) and the diffusion length\n(10^{-3}cm - 10^{-1}cm), resolution of the large differences in length scale\nnecessitates a 500^{3} grid points on the supercomputer. The parameters,\ninitial and boundary conditions used are identical to those of the microgravity\nexperiments of Glicksman et al for SCN. The numerical results for the tip\nvelocity are (i) largely consistent with the Space Shuttle experiments; (ii)\ncompatible with the experimental conclusion that tip velocity does not increase\nwith increased anisotropy; (iii) different for 2D versus 3D by a factor of\napproximately 1.9; (iv) essentially identical for fully versus rotationally\nsymmetric 3D."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations in the Uniform Shear Flow state of a granular gas: We study the fluctuations of the total internal energy of a granular gas\nunder stationary uniform shear flow by means of kinetic theory methods. We find\nthat these fluctuations are coupled to the fluctuations of the different\ncomponents of the total pressure tensor. Explicit expressions for all the\npossible cross and auto correlations of the fluctuations at one and two times\nare obtained in the two dimensional case. The theoretical predictions are\ncompared with Molecular Dynamics simulation and a good agreement is found for\nthe range of inelasticity considered.",
        "positive": "Thermal Conductivity for a Noisy Disordered Harmonic Chain: We consider a $d$-dimensional disordered harmonic chain (DHC) perturbed by an\nenergy conservative noise. We obtain uniform in the volume upper and lower\nbounds for the thermal conductivity defined through the Green-Kubo formula.\nThese bounds indicate a positive finite conductivity. We prove also that the\ninfinite volume homogenized Green-Kubo formula converges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonextensive statistics of relativistic ideal gas: We obtain the specific heat in the third constraint scenario for a canonical\nensemble of a nonextensive extreme relativistic ideal gas in a closed form. The\ncanonical ensemble of N particles in D dimensions is well-defined for the\nchoice of the deformation parameter in the range 0 < q < 1 + 1 / DN. For a\nrelativistic ideal gas with particles of arbitrary mass a perturbative scheme\nin the nonextensivity parameter (1 - q) is developed by employing an infinite\nproduct expansion of the q-exponential, and a direct transformation of the\ninternal energy from the second to the third constraint picture. All\nthermodynamic quantities may be uniformly evaluated to any desired perturbative\norder.",
        "positive": "The problem of engines in statistical physics: Engines are open systems that can generate work cyclically, at the expense of\nan external disequilibrium. They are ubiquitous in nature and technology, but\nthe course of mathematical physics over the last 300 years has tended to make\ntheir dynamics in time a theoretical blind spot. This has hampered the\nusefulness of statistical mechanics applied to active systems, including living\nmatter. We argue that recent advances in the theory of open quantum systems,\ncoupled with renewed interest in understanding how active forces result from\npositive feedback between different macroscopic degrees of freedom in the\npresence of dissipation, point to a more realistic description of autonomous\nengines. We propose a general conceptualization of an engine that helps clarify\nthe distinction between its heat and work outputs. Based on this, we show how\nthe external loading force and the thermal noise may be incorporated into the\nrelevant equations of motion. This modifies the usual Fokker-Planck and\nLangevin equations, offering a thermodynamically complete formulation of the\nirreversible dynamics of simple oscillating and rotating engines."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum critical behavior of disordered itinerant ferromagnets: The quantum ferromagnetic transition at zero temperature in disordered\nitinerant electron systems is considered. Nonmagnetic quenched disorder leads\nto diffusive electron dynamics that induces an effective long-range interaction\nbetween the spin or order parameter fluctuations of the form r^{2-2d}, with d\nthe spatial dimension. This leads to unusual scaling behavior at the quantum\ncritical point, which is determined exactly. In three-dimensional systems the\nquantum critical exponents are substantially different from their finite\ntemperature counterparts, a difference that should be easily observable.\nExperiments to check these predictions are proposed.",
        "positive": "Record-Breaking Avalanches in Driven Threshold Systems: Record-breaking avalanches generated by the dynamics of several driven\nnonlinear threshold models are studied. Such systems are characterized by\nintermittent behavior, where slow buildup of energy is punctuated by an abrupt\nrelease of energy through avalanche events which usually follow scale invariant\nstatistics. From the simulations of these systems it is possible to extract\nsequences of record-breaking avalanches, where each subsequent record-breaking\nevent is larger in magnitude than all previous events. In the present work,\nseveral cellular automata are analyzed among them the sandpile model, Manna\nmodel, Olami-Feder-Christensen (OFC) model, and the forest-fire model to\ninvestigate the record-breaking statistics of model avalanches which exhibit\ntemporal and spatial correlations. Several statistical measures of\nrecord-breaking events are derived analytically and confirmed through numerical\nsimulations. The statistics of record-breaking avalanches for the four models\nare compared to that of record-breaking events extracted from the sequences of\nindependent identically distributed (\\emph{i.i.d.}) random variables. It is\nfound that the statistics of record-breaking avalanches for the above cellular\nautomata exhibit behavior different from that observed for \\emph{i.i.d.} random\nvariables which in turn can be used to characterize complex spatio-temporal\ndynamics. The most pronounced deviations are observed in the case of the OFC\nmodel with a strong dependence on the conservation parameter of the model. This\nindicates that avalanches in the OFC model are not independent and exhibit\nspatio-temporal correlations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Can helicity modulus be defined for boundary conditions with finite\n  twist?: We study the response of a two-dimensional classical XY model to a finite\n(non-infinitesimal) twist of the boundary conditions. We use Monte Carlo\nsimulations to evaluate the free energy difference between periodic and\ntwisted-periodic boundary conditions and find deviations from the expected\nquadratic dependence on the twist angle. Consequently, the helicity modulus\n(spin-stiffness) shows a non-trivial dependence on the twist angle. We show\nthat the deviation from the expected behavior arises because of a degeneracy\ndue to the chirality of the spin-waves which leads to an additional entropy\ncontribution in the quasi-long-range ordered phase. We give an improved\nprescription for the numerical evaluation of the helicity modulus and resolve\nsome open questions related to anti-periodic boundary conditions. We also\ndiscuss applications to discrete spin systems and some experimental scenarios\nwhere boundary conditions with finite twist are necessary.",
        "positive": "Eigenvalues and Singular Values of Products of Rectangular Gaussian\n  Random Matrices: We derive exact analytic expressions for the distributions of eigenvalues and\nsingular values for the product of an arbitrary number of independent\nrectangular Gaussian random matrices in the limit of large matrix dimensions.\nWe show that they both have power-law behavior at zero and determine the\ncorresponding powers. We also propose a heuristic form of finite size\ncorrections to these expressions which very well approximates the distributions\nfor matrices of finite dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic phase transition of the Blume-Capel model in an oscillating\n  magnetic field: We employ numerical simulations and finite-size scaling techniques to\ninvestigate the properties of the dynamic phase transition that is encountered\nin the Blume-Capel model subjected to a periodically oscillating magnetic\nfield. We mainly focus on the study of the two-dimensional system for various\nvalues of the crystal-field coupling in the second-order transition regime. Our\nresults indicate that the present non-equilibrium phase transition belongs to\nthe universality class of the equilibrium Ising model and allow us to construct\na dynamic phase diagram, in analogy to the equilibrium case, at least for the\nrange of parameters considered. Finally, we present some complementary results\nfor the three-dimensional model, where again the obtained estimates for the\ncritical exponents fall into the universality class of the corresponding\nthree-dimensional equilibrium Ising ferromagnet.",
        "positive": "Optimal scale-free network with a minimum scaling of transport\n  efficiency for random walks with a perfect trap: Average trapping time (ATT) is central in the trapping problem since it is a\nkey indicator characterizing the efficiency of the problem. Previous research\nhas provided the scaling of a lower bound of the ATT for random walks in\ngeneral networks with a deep trap. However, it is still not well understood in\nwhich networks this minimal scaling can be reached. Particularly, explicit\nquantitative results for ATT in such networks, even in a specific network, are\nlacking, in spite that such networks shed light on the design for optimal\nnetworks with the highest trapping efficiency. In this paper, we study the\ntrapping problem taking place on a hierarchical scale-free network with a\nperfect trap. We focus on four representative cases with the immobile trap\nlocated at the root, a peripheral node, a neighbor of the root with a single\nconnectivity, and a farthest node from the root, respectively. For all the four\ncases, we obtain the closed-form formulas for the ATT, as well as its leading\nscalings. We show that for all the four cases of trapping problems, the\ndominating scalings of ATT can reach the predicted minimum scalings. This work\ndeepens the understanding of behavior of trapping in scale-free networks, and\nis helpful for designing networks with the most efficient transport process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "TASEP on a ring with internal degrees of freedom: A totally asymmetric exclusion process on a ring with $\\nu$ non-conserved\ninternal degrees of freedom, where particles hop forward with a rate that\ndepends on their internal state, has been studied. We show, using a mapping of\nthe model to a zero range process with $\\nu$ different kinds of boxes, that\nsteady state weights can be written in a matrix product form and calculate the\nspatial correlations exactly. A comparison of the model with an equivalent\nconserved system reveals that unequal hopping rates of particles belonging to\ndifferent internal states is responsible for the non-trivial correlations.",
        "positive": "Transport, correlations, and chaos in a classical disordered anharmonic\n  chain: We explore transport properties in a disordered nonlinear chain of classical\nharmonic oscillators and thereby identify a regime exhibiting behavior\nanalogous to that seen in quantum many-body-localized systems. Through\nextensive numerical simulations of this system connected at its ends to heat\nbaths at different temperatures, we computed the heat current and the\ntemperature profile in the nonequilibrium steady state as a function of system\nsize $N$, disorder strength $\\Delta$, and temperature $T$. The conductivity\n$\\kappa_N$, obtained for finite length ($N$) systems, saturates to a value\n$\\kappa_\\infty >0$ in the large $N$ limit, for all values of disorder strength\n$\\Delta$ and temperature $T>0$. We show evidence that for any $\\Delta>0$ the\nconductivity goes to zero faster than any power of $T$ in the $(T/\\Delta) \\to\n0$ limit, and find that the form $\\kappa_\\infty \\sim e^{-B |\\ln(C\n\\Delta/T)|^3}$ fits our data. This form has earlier been suggested by a theory\nbased on the dynamics of multi-oscillator chaotic islands. The finite-size\neffect can be $\\kappa_N < \\kappa_{\\infty}$ due to boundary resistance when the\nbulk conductivity is high (the weak disorder case), or $\\kappa_N >\n\\kappa_{\\infty}$ due to direct bath-to-bath coupling through bulk localized\nmodes when the bulk is weakly conducting (the strong disorder case). We also\npresent results on equilibrium dynamical correlation functions and on the role\nof chaos on transport properties. Finally, we explore the differences in the\ngrowth and propagation of chaos in the weak and strong chaos regimes by\nstudying the classical version of the Out-of-Time-Ordered-Commutator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Data-driven learning for the Mori-Zwanzig formalism: a generalization of\n  the Koopman learning framework: A theoretical framework which unifies the conventional Mori-Zwanzig formalism\nand the approximate Koopman learning is presented. In this framework, the\nMori-Zwanzig formalism, developed in statistical mechanics to tackle the hard\nproblem of construction of reduced-order dynamics for high-dimensional\ndynamical systems, can be considered as a natural generalization of the Koopman\ndescription of the dynamical system. We next show that similar to the\napproximate Koopman learning methods, data-driven methods can be developed for\nthe Mori-Zwanzig formalism with Mori's linear projection operator. We developed\ntwo algorithms to extract the key operators, the Markov and the memory kernel,\nusing time series of a reduced set of observables in a dynamical system. We\nadopted the Lorenz `96 system as a test problem and solved for the operators,\nwhich exhibit complex behaviors which are unlikely to be captured by\ntraditional modeling approaches, in Mori-Zwanzig analysis. The nontrivial\nGeneralized Fluctuation Dissipation relationship, which relates the memory\nkernel with the two-time correlation statistics of the orthogonal dynamics, was\nnumerically verified as a validation of the solved operators. We present\nnumerical evidence that the Generalized Langevin Equation, a key construct in\nthe Mori-Zwanzig formalism, is more advantageous in predicting the evolution of\nthe reduced set of observables than the conventional approximate Koopman\noperators.",
        "positive": "Discrete molecular dynamics studies of the folding of a protein-like\n  model: Background: Many attempts have been made to resolve in time the folding of\nmodel proteins in computer simulations. Different computational approaches have\nemerged. Some of these approaches suffer from the insensitivity to the\ngeometrical properties of the proteins (lattice models), while others are\ncomputationally heavy (traditional MD).\n  Results: We use a recently-proposed approach of Zhou and Karplus to study the\nfolding of the protein model based on the discrete time molecular dynamics\nalgorithm. We show that this algorithm resolves with respect to time the\nfolding --- unfolding transition. In addition, we demonstrate the ability to\nstudy the coreof the model protein.\n  Conclusion: The algorithm along with the model of inter-residue interactions\ncan serve as a tool to study the thermodynamics and kinetics of protein models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster growth in far-from-equilibrium particle models with diffusion,\n  detachment, reattachment and deposition: Monolayer cluster growth in far-from-equilibrium systems is investigated by\napplying simulation and analytic techniques to minimal hard core particle\n(exclusion) models. The first model (I), for post-deposition coarsening\ndynamics, contains mechanisms of diffusion, attachment, and slow activated\ndetachment (at rate epsilon<<1) of particles on a line. Simulation shows three\nsuccessive regimes of cluster growth: fast attachment of isolated particles;\ndetachment allowing further (epsilon t)^(1/3) coarsening of average cluster\nsize; and t^(-1/2) approach to a saturation size going like epsilon^(-1/2).\nModel II generalizes the first one in having an additional mechanism of\nparticle deposition into cluster gaps, suppressed for the smallest gaps. This\nmodel exhibits early rapid filling, leading to slowing deposition due to the\nincreasing scarcity of deposition sites, and then continued power law (epsilon\nt)^(1/2) cluster size coarsening through the redistribution allowed by slow\ndetachment. The basic (epsilon t)^(1/3) domain growth laws and epsilon^(-1/2)\nsaturation in model I are explained by a simple scaling picture. A second,\nfuller approach is presented which employs a mapping of cluster configurations\nto a column picture and an approximate factorization of the cluster\nconfiguration probability within the resulting master equation. This allows\nquantitative results for the saturation of model I in excellent agreement with\nthe simulation results. For model II, it provides a one-variable scaling\nfunction solution for the coarsening probability distribution, and in\nparticular quantitative agreement with the cluster length scaling and its\namplitude.",
        "positive": "Universal Property of the Housekeeping Entropy Production: The entropy production of a nonequilibrium system with broken detailed\nbalance is a random variable whose mean value is nonnegative. Among the total\nentropy production, the housekeeping entropy production is associated with the\nheat dissipation in maintaining a nonequilibrium steady state. We derive a\nLangevin-type stochastic differential equation for the housekeeping entropy\nproduction. The equation allows us to define a housekeeping entropic time\n$\\tau$. Remarkably, it turns out that the probability distribution of the\nhousekeeping entropy production at a fixed value of $\\tau$ is given by the\nGaussian distribution regardless of system details. The Gaussian distribution\nis universal for any systems, whether in the steady state or in the transient\nstate, whether they are driven by time-independent or time-dependent driving\nforces. We demonstrate the universal distribution numerically for model\nsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How to measure heat in stochastic systems: Heat is a complex quantity to measure in stochastic systems because it\nrequires extremely small sampling timesteps. Unfortunately this is not always\npossible in real experiments, mainly because experimental setups have technical\nlimits. To overcome this difficulty a Simpson-like quadrature scheme was\nsuggested in [\\emph{Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2017 375}] as a tool to compute the\nheat in stochastic systems. In this paper we study this new quadrature scheme.\nIn particular, we first give a qualitative proof of the Simpson-like quadrature\nwith the help of Riemann-Stieltjes integrals and we then perform supplementary\nnumerical simulations to confirm our observations. Our main finding is that the\nSimpson-like quadrature yields errors that are much smaller than the ones\nobtained with the Stratonovich quadrature. This opens the possibility to design\nextremely sensitive experiments on stochastic systems without state-of-the-art\nsampling techniques.",
        "positive": "Statistical-Physics-Informed Neural Networks (Stat-PINNs): A Machine\n  Learning Strategy for Coarse-graining Dissipative Dynamics: Machine learning, with its remarkable ability for retrieving information and\nidentifying patterns from data, has emerged as a powerful tool for discovering\ngoverning equations. It has been increasingly informed by physics, and more\nrecently by thermodynamics, to further uncover the thermodynamic structure\nunderlying the evolution equations, i.e., the thermodynamic potentials driving\nthe system and the operators governing the kinetics. However, despite its great\nsuccess, the inverse problem of thermodynamic model discovery from macroscopic\ndata is in many cases non-unique, meaning that multiple pairs of potentials and\noperators can give rise to the same macroscopic dynamics, which significantly\nhinders the physical interpretability of the learned models. In this work, we\npropose a machine learning framework, named as Statistical-Physics-Informed\nNeural Networks (Stat-PINNs), which further encodes knowledge from statistical\nmechanics and resolves this non-uniqueness issue for the first time. The\nframework is here developed for purely dissipative isothermal systems. It only\nuses data from short-time particle simulations to learn the thermodynamic\nstructure, which can be used to predict long-time macroscopic evolutions. We\ndemonstrate the approach for particle systems with Arrhenius-type interactions,\ncommon to a wide range of phenomena, such as defect diffusion in solids,\nsurface absorption and chemical reactions. Stat-PINNs can successfully recover\nthe known analytic solution for the case with long-range interaction and\ndiscover the hitherto unknown potential and operator governing the short-range\ninteraction cases. We compare our results with an analogous approach that\nsolely excludes statistical mechanics, and observe that, in addition to\nrecovering the unique thermodynamic structure, statistical mechanics relations\ncan increase the robustness and predictability of the learning strategy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free-energy functional of instantaneous correlation field in liquids:\n  field-theoretic derivation of the closures: This paper presents a unified method for formulating a field-theoretic\nperturbation theory that encompasses the conventional liquid state theory.\nFirst, the free-energy functional of instantaneous correlation field is\nobtained from the functional-integral representation of the grand potential.\nNext, we demonstrate that the instantaneous free-energy functional yields a\nclosure relation between the correlation functions in the mean-field\napproximation. Notably, the obtained closure relation covers a variety of\napproximate closures introduced in the liquid state theory.",
        "positive": "Stochastic representation of quantum interactions and two-lewel systems: Stochastic representation for interaction of quantum systems is formulated\nwhich allows to replace some of them by equivalent but purely commutative\nrandom sources. The formalism is applied to two-level systems interacting with\nGaussian thermal bath. Strong-coupling non-Marcovian effects and besides\nlong-living fluctuations in common susceptibility of two systems subjected to\nthe same bath are considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of winding edge currents: We discuss persistent currents for particles with internal degrees of\nfreedom. The currents arise because of winding properties essential for the\nchaotic motion of the particles in a confined geometry. The currents do not\nchange the particle concentrations or thermodynamics, similar to the skipping\norbits in a magnetic field.",
        "positive": "Quantum phase transition in an atomic Bose gas near a Feshbach resonance: We study the quantum phase transition in an atomic Bose gas near a Feshbach\nresonance in terms of the renormalization group. This quantum phase transition\nis characterized by an Ising order parameter. We show that in the low\ntemperature regime where the quantum fluctuations dominate the low-energy\nphysics this phase transition is of first order because of the coupling between\nthe Ising order parameter and the Goldstone mode existing in the bosonic\nsuperfluid. However, when the thermal fluctuations become important, the phase\ntransition turns into the second order one, which belongs to the\nthree-dimensional Ising universality class. We also calculate the damping rate\nof the collective mode in the phase with only a molecular Bose-Einstein\ncondensate near the second-order transition line, which can serve as an\nexperimental signature of the second-order transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "X-ray scattering from surfaces: discrete and continuous components of\n  roughness: Incoherent surface scattering yields a statistical description of the\nsurface, due to the ensemble averaging over many independently sampled volumes.\nDepending on the state of the surface and direction of the scattering vector\nrelative to the surface normal, the height distribution is discrete,\ncontinuous, or a combination of the two. We present a treatment for the\ninfluence of multimodal surface height distributions on Crystal Truncation Rod\nscattering. The effects of a multimodal height distribution are especially\nevident during in situ monitoring of layer-by-layer thin-film growth via Pulsed\nLaser Deposition. We model the total height distribution as a convolution of\ndiscrete and continuous components, resulting in a broadly applicable\nparameterization of surface roughness which can be applied to other scattering\nprobes, such as electrons and neutrons. Convolution of such distributions could\npotentially be applied to interface or chemical scattering. Here we find that\nthis analysis describes accurately our experimental studies of <001> SrTiO3\nannealing and homoepitaxial growth.",
        "positive": "Computer simulation of structural properties of dilute aqueous solutions\n  of argon at supercritical conditions: Computer simulation studies of aqueous solutions of argon are performed from\nambient to supercritical conditions by using a recent polarizable potential\nmodel (BSV) and the non polarizable simple point charge extended (SPC/E) model.\nAt T=673 K we compare the water-solute pair correlation functions of the\nargon-water mixture with recent experimental results obtained from neutron\nscattering experiments. The comparison shows that the introduction of the\npolarizable effects decreases the solute-water repulsion and improves the\nagreement with the experiment at supercritical conditions. In particular we\nfind that the water-solute structure predicted by the polarizable model is in\ngood agreement with the experiment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Activated wetting of nanostructured surfaces: reaction coordinates,\n  finite size effects, and simulation pitfalls: A liquid in contact with a textured surface can be found in two states,\nWenzel and Cassie. In the Wenzel state the liquid completely wets the\ncorrugations while in the Cassie state the liquid is suspended over the\ncorrugations with air or vapor trapped below. The superhydrophobic properties\nof the Cassie state are exploited for self-cleaning, drug delivery etc., while\nin the Wenzel state most of these properties are lost; it is therefore of\nfundamental and technological interest to investigate the kinetics and\nmechanism of the Cassie-Wenzel transition. Computationally, the Cassie-Wenzel\ntransition is often investigated using enhanced sampling techniques based on\nthe use of collective variables (CVs). The choice of the CVs is a crucial task\nbecause it affects the free-energy profile, the estimation of the free-energy\nbarriers, and the evaluation of the mechanism of the process. Here we\ninvestigate possible simulation artifacts introduced by common CVs adopted for\nthe study of the Cassie-Wenzel transition: the average particle density in the\ncorrugation of a textured surface and the coarse grained density field at\nvarious levels of coarse graining. We also investigate possible additional\nartifacts associated to finite size effects. We focus on a pillared surface. We\nshow that the use of the average density of fluid in the interpillar region\nbrings to severe artifacts in the relative Cassie-Wenzel stability and in the\ntransition barrier. A proper description of the wetting mechanism and its\nenergetics requires a rather fine discretization of the density field.\nConcerning the finite size effects, we have found that the typical system\nemployed in the Cassie-Wenzel transition, containing a single pillar within\nperiodic boundary conditions, prevents the break of translational symmetry of\nthe liquid-vapor meniscus during the process.",
        "positive": "The role of lighter and heavier embedded nanoparticles on the thermal\n  conductivity of SiGe alloys: We have used an atomistic {\\it ab initio} approach with no adjustable\nparameters to compute the lattice thermal conductivity of Si$_{0.5}$Ge$_{0.5}$\nwith a low concentration of embedded Si or Ge nanoparticles of diameters up to\n4.4 nm. Through exact Green's function calculation of the nanoparticle\nscattering rates, we find that embedding Ge nanoparticles in\n$\\text{Si}_{0.5}\\text{Ge}_{0.5}$ provides 20% lower thermal conductivities than\nembedding Si nanoparticles. This contrasts with the Born approximation which\npredicts an equal amount of reduction for the two cases, irrespective of the\nsign of the mass difference. Despite these differences, we find that the Born\napproximation still performs remarkably well, and it permits investigation of\nlarger nanoparticle sizes, up to 60 nm in diameter, not feasible with the exact\napproach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hierarchy Bloch Equations for the Reduced Statistical Density Operators\n  in Canonical and Grand canonical Ensembles: Starting from Bloch equation for a canonical ensemble, we deduce a set of\nhierarchy equations for the reduced statistical density operator for an\nidentical many-body system with two-body interaction. They provide a law\naccording to which the reduced density operator varies in temperature. By\ndefinition of the reduced density operator in Fock space for a grand canonical\nensemble, we also obtain the analogous Bloch equation and the corresponding\nhierarchy reduced equations for the identical interacting many-body system. We\ndiscuss their possible solutions and applications.",
        "positive": "Kinetics of self-assembly via facilitated diffusion: formation of the\n  transcription complex: We present an analytically solvable model for self-assembly of a molecular\ncomplex on a filament. The process is driven by a seed molecule that undergoes\nfacilitated diffusion, which is a search strategy that combines diffusion in\nthree-dimensions and one-dimension. Our study is motivated by single molecule\nlevel observations revealing the dynamics of transcription factors that bind to\nthe DNA at early stages of transcription. We calculate the probability that a\ncomplex made up of a given number of molecules is completely formed, as well as\nthe distribution of completion times, upon the binding of a seed molecule at a\ntarget site on the filament (without explicitly modeling the three-dimensional\ndiffusion that precedes binding). We compare two different mechanisms of\nassembly where molecules bind in sequential and random order. Our results\nindicate that while the probability of completion is greater for random\nbinding, the completion time scales exponentially with the size of the complex;\nin contrast, it scales as a power-law or slower for sequential binding,\nasymptotically. Furthermore, we provide model predictions for the dissociation\nand residence times of the seed molecule, which are observables accessible in\nsingle molecule tracking experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maximal power for heat engines: role of asymmetric interaction times: The performance of endoreversible thermal machines operating at finite power\nconstitutes one of the main challenges of nonequilibrium classical and quantum\nthermodynamics, engineering and others. We introduce the idea of adjusting the\ninteraction time asymmetry in order to optimize the engine performance. We\nconsider one of the simplest thermal machines, composed of a quantum dot\ninteracting sequentially with two different reservoirs of heat and particles.\nDistinct optimization protocols are analyzed in the framework of stochastic\nthermodynamics. Results reveal that asymmetric interaction times play a\nfundamental role in enhancing the power output and that maximizations can\nprovide an increase larger than 25\\% the symmetric case. As an extra advantage,\nefficiencies at maximum power are slightly greater than the endoreversible\nCurzon-Ahlborn efficiency for a broad range of reservoir temperatures.",
        "positive": "Rare Events, Extremely Rare Events and Fluctuations in a Thermodynamic\n  System: In this paper, we follow in the footsteps of Onsager and Machlup (OM) and\nconsider diffusion-like paths that are explored by a particle moving via a\nconservative force while being in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings.\nInstead of considering diffusion (Brownian dynamics), we use a Metropolis\nalgorithm to derive an OM-like functional. Through the lens of the Metropolis\nalgorithm, we are able to elucidate the errors made when using a nonzero time\nincrement.\n  Of particular interest are transition paths that transverse an energy barrier\nthat is large (but not too large) compared to the typical thermal energy. These\ntransitions have probabilities that are only small and yet not so small as to\nbe considered a violation of thermodynamics. As such, we turn our attention to\nthe \"double-ended\" problem, where the OM functional can be interpreted as a\n\"thermodynamic\" action and employed to sample paths that start and end at\npredetermined points. We find that sampling the continuous-time limit of the OM\nfunctional, i.e., the Ito-Girsanov form, produces unphysical paths due to\nthermodynamic inconsistency arising from the singular nature of the limit.\nThese unphysical effects are due to the correlation between the particles\nposition and the random fluctuating noise that is introduced in the limiting\nprocess. Such a correlation is a direct consequence of the form of the\nIto-Girsanov functional, does not originate from numerical inaccuracies, and is\na violation of thermodynamics as embodied by Seifert's Integral Fluctuation\nTheorem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interaction quenches in the Lieb-Liniger model: We obtain exact results on interaction quenches in the 1D Bose gas described\nby the integrable Lieb-Liniger model. We show that in the long time limit\nintegrability leads to significant deviations from the predictions of the grand\ncanonical ensemble and a description within the generalized Gibbs ensemble\n(GGE) is needed. For a non-interacting initial state and arbitrary final\ninteractions, we find that the presence of infinitely many conserved charges\ngenerates a non-analytic behavior in the equilibrated density of quasimomenta.\nThis manifests itself in a dynamically generated Friedel-like oscillation of\nthe non-local correlation functions with interaction dependent oscillation\nmomenta. We also exactly evaluate local correlations and the generalized\nchemical potentials within GGE.",
        "positive": "Entanglement scaling in critical two-dimensional fermionic and bosonic\n  systems: We relate the reduced density matrices of quadratic bosonic and fermionic\nmodels to their Green's function matrices in a unified way and calculate the\nscaling of bipartite entanglement of finite systems in an infinite universe\nexactly. For critical fermionic 2D systems at T=0, two regimes of scaling are\nidentified: generically, we find a logarithmic correction to the area law with\na prefactor dependence on the chemical potential that confirms earlier\npredictions based on the Widom conjecture. If, however, the Fermi surface of\nthe critical system is zero-dimensional, we find an area law with a\nsublogarithmic correction. For a critical bosonic 2D array of coupled\noscillators at T=0, our results show that entanglement follows the area law\nwithout corrections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Neuroevolutionary learning of particles and protocols for self-assembly: Within simulations of molecules deposited on a surface we show that\nneuroevolutionary learning can design particles and time-dependent protocols to\npromote self-assembly, without input from physical concepts such as thermal\nequilibrium or mechanical stability and without prior knowledge of candidate or\ncompeting structures. The learning algorithm is capable of both directed and\nexploratory design: it can assemble a material with a user-defined property, or\nsearch for novelty in the space of specified order parameters. In the latter\nmode it explores the space of what can be made rather than the space of\nstructures that are low in energy but not necessarily kinetically accessible.",
        "positive": "Boltzmann-Equation Based Derivation of Balance Laws in Irreversible\n  Thermodynamics: In this paper we propose a novel approach to construct macroscopic balance\nequations and constitutive equations describing various irreversible phenomena.\nIt is based on the general principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics and\nconsists of four basic steps: picking suitable state variables, choosing a\nstrictly concave entropy function, separating entropy fluxes and production\nrates properly, and determining a dissipation matrix. Our approach takes the\nadvantage of both EIT and GENERIC formalisms, and shows a direct correspondence\nwith Levermore's moment closure hierarchies for the Boltzmann equation. This\nresult may put various macroscopic modeling approaches starting from the\ngeneral principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics on a solid microscopic\nfoundation based on the Boltzmann equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum acoustic bremsstrahlung of impurity atoms in a Bose--Einstein\n  condensate: We study the process of scattering of two impurity atoms accompanied by\ngeneration of an elementary excitation in a surrounding Bose--Einstein\ncondensate. This process, unlike the phonon generation by a {\\it single}\nimpurity atom, has no velocity threshold and can be regarded as a quantum\nacoustic analog of a bremsstrahlung in quantum electrodynamics.",
        "positive": "Machine-Learning Solutions for the Analysis of Single-Particle Diffusion\n  Trajectories: Single-particle traces of the diffusive motion of molecules, cells, or\nanimals are by-now routinely measured, similar to stochastic records of stock\nprices or weather data. Deciphering the stochastic mechanism behind the\nrecorded dynamics is vital in understanding the observed systems. Typically,\nthe task is to decipher the exact type of diffusion and/or to determine system\nparameters. The tools used in this endeavor are currently revolutionized by\nmodern machine-learning techniques. In this Perspective we provide an overview\nover recently introduced methods in machine-learning for diffusive time series,\nmost notably, those successfully competing in the\nAnomalous-Diffusion-Challenge. As such methods are often criticized for their\nlack of interpretability, we focus on means to include uncertainty estimates\nand feature-based approaches, both improving interpretability and providing\nconcrete insight into the learning process of the machine. We expand the\ndiscussion by examining predictions on different out-of-distribution data. We\nalso comment on expected future developments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The tight binding approximation and thermodynamic functions: The various thermodynamic functions dependence on degree of energy band\noccupation and temperature was studied. The one-band tight binding\napproximation for the electron energy spectrum was used. The Fermi energy,\ndensity of states, degeneracy temperature, chemical potential, partition\nfunction, thermodynamic potential, energy, free energy, entropy, heat capacity,\nspin magnetization and initial susceptibility were calculated. The limited\nenergetic spectrum leads to the peculiarities in the behavior of these\nquantities in comparison with free electron gas.",
        "positive": "Predicting the long time dynamic heterogeneity in a supercooled liquid\n  on the basis of short time heterogeneities: We report that the local Debye-Waller factor in a simulated 2D glass-forming\nmixture exhibits significant spatial heterogeneities and that these short time\nfluctuations provide an excellent predictor of the spatial distribution of the\nlong time dynamic propensities [Phys.Rev.Lett. 93, 135701 (2004)]. In contrast,\nthe potential energy per particle of the inherent structure does not correlate\nwell with the spatially distributed dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and Nose-Hoover dynamics: We show that systems driven by an external force and described by Nose-Hoover\ndynamics allow for a consistent nonequilibrium thermodynamics description when\nthe thermostatted variable is initially assumed in a state of canonical\nequilibrium. By treating the \"real\" variables as the system and the\nthermostatted variable as the reservoir, we establish the first and second law\nof thermodynamics. As for Hamiltonian systems, the entropy production can be\nexpressed as a relative entropy measuring the system-reservoir correlations\nestablished during the dynamics.",
        "positive": "Stroboscopic exclusion process: a first-moment-driven dynamics: We define a new variant of exclusion processes in discrete time that has jump\nprobabilities that depend on the last jump performed. In a particular limit for\nthe jump probabilities and in suitable scaling limits for space and time, we\ncompute the time evolution of the particle density starting from an arbitrary\ninitial configuration, with closed boundary conditions. The core of the\nargument is the analysis of the time evolution of the moments. Numerical\nresults are compared with the prediction and give excellent agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of bond-disorder on the phase-separation kinetics of binary\n  mixtures: a Monte Carlo simulation study: We present Monte Carlo (MC) simulation studies of phase separation in binary\n(AB) mixtures with bond-disorder that is introduced in two different ways: (i)\nat randomly selected lattice sites and (ii) at regularly selected sites. The\nIsing model with spin exchange (Kawasaki) dynamics represents the segregation\nkinetics in conserved binary mixtures. We find that the dynamical scaling\nchanges significantly by varying the number of disordered sites in the case\nwhere bond-disorder is introduced at the randomly selected sites. On the other\nhand, when we introduce the bond-disorder in a regular fashion, the system\nfollows the dynamical scaling for the modest number of disordered sites. For\nhigher number of disordered sites, the evolution morphology illustrates a\nlamellar pattern formation. Our MC results are consistent with the\nLifshitz-Slyozov (LS) power-law growth in all the cases.",
        "positive": "Long-time tails in the random transverse Ising chain: Taking one-dimensional random transverse Ising model (RTIM) with the\ndouble-Gaussian disorder for example, we investigated the spin autocorrelation\nfunction (SAF) and associated spectral density at high temperature by the\nrecursion method. Based on the first twelve recurrants obtained analytically,\nwe have found strong numerical evidence for the long-time tail in the SAF of a\nsingle spin. Numerical results indicate that when the standard deviation\n{\\sigma}_{JS} (or {\\sigma}_{BS}) of the exchange couplings J_{i} (or the random\ntransverse fields B_{i}) is small, no long-time tail appears in the SAF. The\nspin system undergoes a crossover from a central-peak behavior to a\ncollective-mode behavior, which is the dynamical characteristics of RTIM with\nthe bimodal disorder. However, when the standard deviation is large enough, the\nsystem exhibits similar dynamics behaviors to those of the RTIM with the\nGaussian disorder, i.e., the system exhibits an enhanced central-peak behavior\nfor large {\\sigma}_{JS} or a disordered behavior for large {\\sigma}_{BS}. In\nthis instance, the long-time tails in the SAFs appear, i.e., C(t)\\simt^{-2}.\nSimilar properties are obtained when the random variables (J_{i} or B_{i})\nsatisfy other distributions such as the double-exponential distribution and the\ndouble-uniform distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld Model in the Finite Range Random Link Lattice: We consider the BTW model in random link lattices with finite range\ninteraction (RLFRI). The degree distribution for nodes is considered to be\nuniform in the interval $(0,n_0)$. We numerically calculate the exponents of\nthe distribution functions in terms of $(n_0,R)$ in which $R$ is the range of\ninteractions. Dijkstra radius is utilized to calculate the fractal dimension of\nthe avalanches. Our analysis shows that there is, at least one length scale\n($r_0(n_0,R)$) in which the fractal dimension is changed. We find that for the\nscales smaller than $r_0(n_0,R)$, which is typically one decade, the fractal\ndimension is nearly independent of $n_0$ and $R$ and is equal to $1.4$, i.e.\nclose to that of the BTW in the regular lattice ($1.25$). Using this fact and\nother analysis, we conclude that the BTW-type behaviors are dominant for small\nvalues of $n_0$ and $R$, whereas for large values of these parameters a new\nregime is seen in which the exponent of distribution function of avalanche\nmasses is nearly $1.4$. We also numerically calculate the explicit form of the\n\\textit{number of unstable nodes} (NUN) as a time dependent process and show\nthat for regular lattice it is (up to a normalization) proportional to a one\ndimensional Weiner process and for RLFRI it acquires a drift term. Using this\ndynamical variable it is numerically shown that we can not continuously\napproach the regular lattice limit by decreasing $R$.",
        "positive": "Geodesic path for the optimal nonequilibrium transition:\n  Momentum-independent protocol: Accelerating controlled thermodynamic processes requires an auxiliary\nHamiltonian to steer the system into instantaneous equilibrium states. An extra\nenergy cost is inevitably needed in such finite-time operation. We recently\ndevelop a geodesic approach to minimize such energy cost for the shortcut to\nisothermal process. The auxiliary control typically contains momentum-dependent\nterms, which are hard to be experimentally implemented due to the requirement\nof constantly monitoring the speed. In this work, we employ a variational\nauxiliary control without the momentum-dependent force to approximate the exact\ncontrol. Following the geometric approach, we obtain the optimal control\nprotocol with variational minimum energy cost. We demonstrate the construction\nof such protocol via an example of Brownian motion with a controllable harmonic\npotential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization transition in the double dimer model on the cubic\n  lattice: We study the classical cubic-lattice double dimer model, consisting of two\ncoupled replicas of the close-packed dimer model, using a combination of\ntheoretical arguments and Monte Carlo simulations. Our results establish the\npresence of a 'synchronization transition' at a critical value of the coupling,\nwhere both replicas remain disordered but their fluctuations become strongly\ncorrelated. We show that this unconventional transition, which has neither\nexternal nor spontaneous symmetry breaking, is continuous and belongs to the 3D\ninverted-XY universality class. By adding aligning interactions for dimers\nwithin each replica, we map out the full phase diagram including the interplay\nbetween columnar ordering and synchronization. We also solve the coupled double\ndimer model exactly on the Bethe lattice and show that it correctly reproduces\nthe qualitative phase structure, but with mean-field critical behavior.",
        "positive": "Correct extrapolation of overlap distribution in spin glasses: We study in d=3 dimensions the short range Ising spin glass with Jij=+/-1\ncouplings at T=0. We show that the overlap distribution is non-trivial in the\nlimit of large system size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mechanical Theory of Nonequilibrium Coexistence and Motility-Induced\n  Phase Separation: Nonequilibrium phase transitions are routinely observed in both natural and\nsynthetic systems. The ubiquity of these transitions highlights the conspicuous\nabsence of a general theory of phase coexistence that is broadly applicable to\nboth nonequilibrium and equilibrium systems. Here, we present a general\nmechanical theory for phase separation rooted in ideas explored nearly a\nhalf-century ago in the study of inhomogeneous fluids. The core idea is that\nthe mechanical forces within the interface separating two coexisting phases\nuniquely determine coexistence criteria, regardless of whether a system is in\nequilibrium or not. We demonstrate the power and utility of this theory by\napplying it to active Brownian particles, predicting a quantitative phase\ndiagram for motility-induced phase separation in both two and three dimensions.\nThis formulation additionally allows for the prediction of novel interfacial\nphenomena, such as an increasing interface width while moving deeper into the\ntwo-phase region, a uniquely nonequilibrium effect confirmed by computer\nsimulations. The self-consistent determination of bulk phase behavior and\ninterfacial phenomena offered by this mechanical perspective provide a concrete\npath forward towards a general theory for nonequilibrium phase transitions.",
        "positive": "Optimal Modification Factor and Convergence of the Wang-Landau Algorithm: We propose a strategy to achieve the fastest convergence in the Wang-Landau\nalgorithm with varying modification factors. With this strategy, the\nconvergence of a simulation is at least as good as the conventional Monte Carlo\nalgorithm, i.e. the statistical error vanishes as $1/\\sqrt{t}$, where $t$ is a\nnormalized time of the simulation. However, we also prove that the error cannot\nvanish faster than $1/t$. Our findings are consistent with the $1/t$\nWang-Landau algorithm discovered recently, and we argue that one needs external\ninformation in the simulation to beat the conventional Monte Carlo algorithm."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Manipulation and amplification of the Casimir force through surface\n  fields using helicity: We present both exact and numerical results for the behavior of the Casimir\nforce in $O(n)$ systems with a finite extension in one direction when the\nsystem is subjected to surface fields that induce helicity in the order\nparameter. We show that for such systems the Casimir force in certain\ntemperature ranges is of the order of $L^{-2}$, both above and below the\ncritical temperature, $T_c$, of the bulk system. An example of such a system\nwould be one with chemically modulated bounding surfaces, in which the\nmodulation couples directly to the system's order parameter. We demonstrate\nthat, depending on the parameters of the system, the Casimir force can be\neither attractive or repulsive. The exact calculations presented are for the\none dimensional $XY$ and Heisenberg models under twisted boundary conditions\nresulting from finite surface fields that differ in direction by a specified\nangle and the three dimensional Gaussian model with surface fields in the form\nof plane waves that are shifted in phase with respect to each other.\nAdditionally, we present exact and numerical results for the mean field version\nof the three dimensional $O(2)$ model with finite surface fields on the\nbounding surfaces. We find that all significant results are consistent with the\nexpectations of finite size scaling.",
        "positive": "Phase Separation and Charge-Ordered Phases of the d = 3 Falicov-Kimball\n  Model at T>0: Temperature-Density-Chemical Potential Global Phase Diagram\n  from Renormalization-Group Theory: The global phase diagram of the spinless Falicov-Kimball model in d = 3\nspatial dimensions is obtained by renormalization-group theory. This global\nphase diagram exhibits five distinct phases. Four of these phases are\ncharge-ordered (CO) phases, in which the system forms two sublattices with\ndifferent electron densities. The CO phases occur at and near half filling of\nthe conduction electrons for the entire range of localized electron densities.\nThe phase boundaries are second order, except for the intermediate and large\ninteraction regimes, where a first-order phase boundary occurs in the central\nregion of the phase diagram, resulting in phase coexistence at and near half\nfilling of both localized and conduction electrons. These two-phase or\nthree-phase coexistence regions are between different charge-ordered phases,\nbetween charge-ordered and disordered phases, and between dense and dilute\ndisordered phases. The second-order phase boundaries terminate on the\nfirst-order phase transitions via critical endpoints and double critical\nendpoints. The first-order phase boundary is delimited by critical points. The\ncross-sections of the global phase diagram with respect to the chemical\npotentials and densities of the localized and conduction electrons, at all\nrepresentative interactions strengths, hopping strengths, and temperatures, are\ncalculated and exhibit ten distinct topologies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Generalized Sznajd Model: In the last decade the Sznajd Model has been successfully employed in\nmodeling some properties and scale features of both proportional and majority\nelections. We propose a new version of the Sznajd model with a generalized\nbounded confidence rule - a rule that limits the convincing capability of\nagents and that is essential to allow coexistence of opinions in the stationary\nstate. With an appropriate choice of parameters it can be reduced to previous\nmodels. We solved this new model both in a mean-field approach (for an\narbitrary number of opinions) and numerically in a Barabasi-Albert network (for\nthree and four opinions), studying the transient and the possible stationary\nstates. We built the phase portrait for the special cases of three and four\nopinions, defining the attractors and their basins of attraction. Through this\nanalysis, we were able to understand and explain discrepancies between\nmean-field and simulation results obtained in previous works for the usual\nSznajd Model with bounded confidence and three opinions. Both the dynamical\nsystem approach and our generalized bounded confidence rule are quite general\nand we think it can be useful to the understanding of other similar models.",
        "positive": "Effective Hamiltonian, Mori Product and Quantum Dynamics: An appropriate extension of the effective potential theory is presented that\npermits the approximate calculation of the dynamical correlation functions for\nquantum systems. These are obtained by evaluating the generating functionals of\nthe Mori products of quantities related to the relaxation functions in the\n(PQSCHA) pure self consistent harmonic approximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic metastability by spontaneous localization: Nonequilibrium, quasi-stationary states of a one-dimensional \"hard\" $\\phi^4$\ndeterministic lattice, initially thermalized to a particular temperature, are\ninvestigated when brought into contact with a stochastic thermal bath at lower\ntemperature. For lattice initial temperatures sufficiently higher than those of\nthe bath, energy localization through the formation of nonlinear excitations of\nthe breather type during the cooling process occurs. These breathers keep the\nnonlinear lattice away from thermal equilibrium for relatively long times. In\nthe course of time some breathers are destroyed by fluctuations, allowing thus\nthe lattice to reach another nonequilibrium state of lower energy. The number\nof breathers thus reduces in time; the last remaining breather, however,\nexhibits amazingly long life-time demonstrated by extensive numerical\nsimulations using a quasi-symplectic integration algorithm. For the\nsingle-breather states we have calculated the lattice velocity distribution\nunveiling non-gaussian features describable in a closed functional form.\nMoreover, the influence of the coupling constant on the life-time of a single\nbreather has been explored. The latter exhibits power-law behaviour as the\ncoupling constant approaches the anticontinuous limit.",
        "positive": "Exact distributions of cover times for $N$ independent random walkers in\n  one dimension: We study the probability density function (PDF) of the cover time $t_c$ of a\nfinite interval of size $L$, by $N$ independent one-dimensional Brownian\nmotions, each with diffusion constant $D$. The cover time $t_c$ is the minimum\ntime needed such that each point of the entire interval is visited by at least\none of the $N$ walkers. We derive exact results for the full PDF of $t_c$ for\narbitrary $N \\geq 1$, for both reflecting and periodic boundary conditions. The\nPDFs depend explicitly on $N$ and on the boundary conditions. In the limit of\nlarge $N$, we show that $t_c$ approaches its average value $\\langle t_c \\rangle\n\\approx L^2/(16\\, D \\, \\ln N)$, with fluctuations vanishing as $1/(\\ln N)^2$.\nWe also compute the centered and scaled limiting distributions for large $N$\nfor both boundary conditions and show that they are given by nontrivial\n$N$-independent scaling functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local roughness exponent in the nonlinear molecular-beam-epitaxy\n  universality class in one-dimension: We report local roughness exponents, $\\alpha_{\\text{loc}}$, for three\ninterface growth models in one dimension which are believed to belong the\nnon-linear molecular-beam-epitaxy (nMBE) universality class represented by the\nVillain-Lais-Das Sarma (VLDS) stochastic equation. We applied an optimum\ndetrended fluctuation analysis (ODFA) [Luis et al., Phys. Rev. E 95, 042801\n(2017)] and compared the outcomes with standard detrending methods. We observe\nin all investigated models that ODFA outperforms the standard methods providing\nexponents in the narrow interval $\\alpha_{\\text{loc}}\\in[0.96,0.98]$ consistent\nwith renormalization group predictions for the VLDS equation. In particular,\nthese exponent values are calculated for the Clarke-Vvdensky and Das\nSarma-Tamborenea models characterized by very strong corrections to the\nscaling, for which large deviations of these values had been reported. Our\nresults strongly support the absence of anomalous scaling in the nMBE\nuniversality class and the existence of corrections in the form\n$\\alpha_{\\text{loc}}=1-\\epsilon$ of the one-loop renormalization group analysis\nof the VLDS equation.",
        "positive": "Spin interfaces in the Ashkin-Teller model and SLE: We investigate the scaling properties of the spin interfaces in the\nAshkin-Teller model. These interfaces are a very simple instance of lattice\ncurves coexisting with a fluctuating degree of freedom, which renders the\nanalytical determination of their exponents very difficult. One of our main\nfindings is the construction of boundary conditions which ensure that the\ninterface still satisfies the Markov property in this case. Then, using a novel\ntechnique based on the transfer matrix, we compute numerically the left-passage\nprobability, and our results confirm that the spin interface is described by an\nSLE in the scaling limit. Moreover, at a particular point of the critical line,\nwe describe a mapping of Ashkin-Teller model onto an integrable 19-vertex\nmodel, which, in turn, relates to an integrable dilute Brauer model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Alternation of sign of magnetization current in driven XXZ chains with\n  twisted XY boundary gradients: We investigate an open XXZ spin 1/2 chain driven out of equilibrium by\ncoupling with boundary reservoirs targeting different spin orientations in XY\nplane. Symmetries of the model are revealed which appear to be different for\nspin chains of odd and even sizes. As a result, spin current is found to\nalternate with chain length, ruling out the possibility of ballistic transport.\nHeat transport is switched off completely by virtue of another global symmetry.\nFurther, we investigate the model numerically and analytically. At strong\ncoupling, we find exact nonequilibrium steady state using a perturbation\ntheory. The state is determined by solving secular conditions which guarantee\nself-consistency of the perturbative expansion. We find nontrivial dependence\nof the magnetization current on the spin chain anisotropy $\\Delta$ in the\ncritical region $|\\Delta|<1$, and a phenomenon of tripling of the twisting\nangle along the chain for narrow lacunes of $\\Delta$.",
        "positive": "Random bond Ising systems on a general hierarchical lattice: Exact\n  inequalities: Random bond Ising systems on a general hierarchical lattice are considered.\nInteresting inequalities between eigenvalues of the Jacobian renormalization\nmatrix at the pure fixed point are obtained. These lead to upper bounds on the\ncrossover exponents $\\{\\phi_i\\}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theoretical approaches to the steady-state statistical physics of\n  interacting dissipative units: The aim of this review is to provide a concise overview of some of the\ngeneric approaches that have been developed to deal with the statistical\ndescription of large systems of interacting dissipative 'units'. The latter\nnotion includes, e.g., inelastic grains, active or self-propelled particles,\nbubbles in a foam, low-dimensional dynamical systems like driven oscillators,\nor even spatially extended modes like Fourier modes of the velocity field in a\nfluid for instance. We first review methods based on the statistical properties\nof a single unit, starting with elementary mean-field approximations, either\nstatic or dynamic, that describe a unit embedded in a 'self-consistent'\nenvironment. We then discuss how this basic mean-field approach can be extended\nto account for spatial dependences, in the form of space-dependent mean-field\nFokker-Planck equations for example. We also briefly review the use of kinetic\ntheory in the framework of the Boltzmann equation, which is an appropriate\ndescription for dilute systems. We then turn to descriptions in terms of the\nfull $N$-body distribution, starting from exact solutions of one-dimensional\nmodels, using a Matrix Product Ansatz method when correlations are present.\nSince exactly solvable models are scarce, we also present some approximation\nmethods that can be used to determine the $N$-body distribution in a large\nsystem of dissipative units. These methods include the Edwards approach for\ndense granular matter and the approximate treatment of multiparticle Langevin\nequations with coloured noise, which models systems of self-propelled\nparticles. Throughout this review, emphasis is put on methodological aspects of\nthe statistical modeling and on formal similarities between different physical\nproblems, rather than on the specific behaviour of a given system.",
        "positive": "Mesoscopic Description of the Equal Load Sharing Fiber Bundle Model: One aim of the equal load sharing fiber bundle model is to describe the\ncritical behavior of failure events. One way of accomplishing this, is through\na discrete recursive dynamics. We introduce a continuous mesoscopic equation\ncatching the critical behavior found through recursive dynamics. It allows us\nto link the model with the unifying framework of absorbing phase transitions\ntraditionally used in the study of non-equilibrium phase transitions. Moreover,\nit highlights the analogy between equal load sharing and spinodal nucleation.\nConsequently, this work is a first step towards the quest of a field theory for\nfiber bundle models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Static and dynamic properties of frictional phenomena in a\n  one-dimensional system with randomness: Static and dynamic frictional phenomena at the interface with random\nimpurities are investigated in a two-chain model with incommensurate structure.\nStatic frictional force is caused by the impurity pinning and/or by the pinning\ndue to the regular potential, which is responsible for the breaking of\nanalyticity transition for impurity-free cases. It is confirmed that the static\nfrictional force is always finite in the presence of impurities, in contrast to\nthe impurity-free system. The nature of impurity pinning is discussed in\nconnection with that in density waves. The kinetic frictional force of a steady\nsliding state is also investigated numerically. The relationship between the\nsliding velocity dependence of the kinetic frictional force and the strength of\nimpurity potential is discussed.",
        "positive": "Elastic wave-turbulence and intermittency: Weak Wave Turbulence is a powerful theory to predict statistical observables\nof diverse relevant physical phenomena, such as ocean waves,\nmagnetohydrodynamics and nonlinear optics. The theory is based upon an\nasymptotic closure permitted in the limit of small nonlinearity. Here, we\nexplore the possible deviations from this mean-field framework, in terms of\nanomalous scaling, focusing on the case of elastic plates. We establish the\npicture of the possible behaviors at varying the extent of nonlinearity, and we\nshow that the mean-field theory is appropriate when all excited scales remain\ndominated by linear dynamics. The other picture is non-trivial and our results\nsuggest that, when large scales contain much energy, the cascade sustains\nextreme events at small scales and the system displays intermittency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Memory-multi-fractional Brownian motion with continuous correlations: We propose a generalization of the widely used fractional Brownian motion\n(FBM), memory-multi-FBM (MMFBM), to describe viscoelastic or persistent\nanomalous diffusion with time-dependent memory exponent $\\alpha(t)$ in a\nchanging environment. In MMFBM the built-in, long-range memory is continuously\nmodulated by $\\alpha(t)$. We derive the essential statistical properties of\nMMFBM such as response function, mean-squared displacement (MSD),\nautocovariance function, and Gaussian distribution. In contrast to existing\nforms of FBM with time-varying memory exponents but reset memory structure, the\ninstantaneous dynamic of MMFBM is influenced by the process history, e.g., we\nshow that after a step-like change of $\\alpha(t)$ the scaling exponent of the\nMSD after the $\\alpha$-step may be determined by the value of $\\alpha(t)$\nbefore the change. MMFBM is a versatile and useful process for correlated\nphysical systems with non-equilibrium initial conditions in a changing\nenvironment.",
        "positive": "Random Z(2) Higgs Lattice Gauge Theory in Three Dimensions and its Phase\n  Structure: We study the three-dimensional random Z(2) lattice gauge theory with Higgs\nfield, which has the link Higgs coupling $c_1 SUS$ and the plaquette gauge\ncoupling $c_2 UUUU$. The randomness is introduced by replacing $c_1 \\to -c_1$\nfor each link with the probability $p_1$ and $c_2 \\to -c_2$ for each plaquette\nwith the probability $p_2$. We calculate the phase diagram by a new kind of\nmean field theory that does not assume the replica symmetry and also by Monte\nCarlo simulations. For the case $p_1=p_2(\\equiv p)$, the Monte Carlo\nsimulations exhibit that (i) the region of the Higgs phase in the Coulomb-Higgs\ntransition diminishes as $p$ increases, and (ii) the first-order phase\ntransition between the Higgs and the confinement phases disappear for $p \\ge\np_c \\simeq 0.01$. We discuss the implications of the results to the quantum\nmemory studied by Kitaev et al. and the Z(2) gauge neural network on a lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The difference of boundary effects between Bose and Fermi systems: In this paper, we show that there exists an essential difference of boundary\neffects between Bose and Fermi systems both for Dirichlet and Neumann boundary\nconditions: at low temperatures and high densities the influence of the\nboundary on the Bose system depends on the temperature but is independent of\nthe density, but for the Fermi case the influence of the boundary is\nindependent of the temperature but depends on the density, after omitting the\nnegligible high-order corrections. We also show that at high temperatures and\nlow densities the difference of the influence of the boundary between Bose and\nFermi systems appears in the next-to-leading order boundary contribution, and\nthe leading boundary contribution is independent of the density. Moreover, for\ncalculating the boundary effects at high temperatures and low densities, since\nthe existence of the boundary modification causes the standard virial expansion\nto be invalid, we introduce a modified virial expansion.",
        "positive": "Controlling transport of underdamped particles in two-dimensional driven\n  Bravais lattices: We demonstrate the directed transport of underdamped particles in two\ndimensional lattices of arbitrary geometry driven by an unbiased ac-driving\nforce. The direction of transport can be controlled via the lattice geometry as\nwell as the strength and orientation of the oscillating drive. The breaking of\nthe spatial inversion symmetry, which is necessary for the emergence of\ndirected transport, is achieved solely due to the structure and geometry of the\nlattice. The most important criterion determining the transport direction is\nshown to be the ballistic attractors underlying the phase space of our weakly\ndissipative non-linear dynamical system. This allows the prediction of\ntransport direction even for setups like driven oblique lattices where the\nstandard symmetry arguments of transport control fail. Our results can be\nexperimentally realized using holographic optical lattice based setups with\ncolloids or cold atoms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ranking nodes according to their path-complexity: Thermalization is one of the most important phenomena in statistical physics.\nOften, the transition probabilities between different states in the phase space\nis or can be approximated by constants. In this case, the system can be\ndescribed by Markovian transition kernels, and when the phase space is\ndiscrete, by Markov chains. In this paper, we introduce a macroscopic entropy\non the states of paths of length $k$ and, studying the recursion relation,\nobtain a fixed point entropy. This analysis leads to a centrality approach to\nMarkov chains entropy.",
        "positive": "Phase ordering and symmetries of the Potts model: We have studied the ordering of the q-colours Potts model in two dimensions\non a square lattice. On the basis of our observations we propose that if q is\nlarge enough the system is not able to break global and local null\nmagnetisation symmetries at zero temperature: when q<4 the system forms domains\nwith a size proportional to the system size while for q>4 it relaxes towards a\nnon-equilibrium phase with energy larger than the ground state energy, in\nagreement with the previous findings of De Oliveira et al. (M. J. de Oliveira,\nA. Petri, T. Tome, Europhys. Lett., 65, 20 (2004))."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Nonequilibrium Cluster-flip Relaxations in Ising Models: We investigate nonequilibrium relaxations of Ising models at the critical\npoint by using a cluster update. While preceding studies imply that\nnonequilibrium cluster-flip dynamics at the critical point are universally\ndescribed by the stretched-exponential function, we find that the dynamics\nchanges from the stretched-exponential to the power function as the\ndimensionality is increased: The two-, three-, four-, and infinite-dimensional\nIsing models are numerically studied, and the four- and infinite-dimensional\nIsing models exhibit the power-law relaxation. We also show that the\nfinite-size scaling analysis using the normalized correlation length is\nmarkedly effective for the analysis of relaxational processes rather than the\ndirect use of the Monte Carlo step.",
        "positive": "Quantifying Nonequilibrium Behavior with Varying Cooling Rates: We investigate nonequilibrium behavior in (1+1)-dimensional stochastic field\ntheories in the context of Ginzburg-Landau models at varying cooling rates. We\nargue that a reliable measure of the departure from thermal equilibrium can be\nobtained from the absolute value of the rate of change of the\nmomentum-integrated structure function, $\\Delta S_{\\rm{tot}}$. We show that the\npeak of $\\Delta S_{\\rm{tot}}$ scales with the cooling, or quench, time-scale,\n$\\tau_q$, in agreement with the prediction by Laguna and Zurek for the scaling\nof freeze-out time in both over and under-damped regimes. Furthermore, we show\nthat the amplitude of the peak scales as $\\tau_q^{-6/5}$ independent of the\nviscosity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classifying transport behavior via current fluctuations in open quantum\n  systems: There are two standard ways of classifying transport behavior of systems. The\nfirst is via time scaling of spread of correlations in the isolated system in\nthermodynamic limit. The second is via system size scaling of conductance in\nthe steady state of the open system. We show here that these correspond to\ntaking the thermodynamic limit and the long time limit of the integrated\nequilibrium current-current correlations of the open system in different order.\nIn general, the limits may not commute leading to a conflict between the two\nstandard ways of transport classification. Nevertheless, the full information\nis contained in the equilibrium current-current correlations of the open\nsystem. We show this analytically by rigorously deriving the open-system\ncurrent fluctuation dissipation relations (OCFDR) starting from an extremely\ngeneral open quantum set-up and then carefully taking the proper limits. We\ntest our theory numerically on the non-trivial example of the critical\nAubry-Andr\\'e-Harper (AAH) model, where, it has been recently shown that, the\ntwo standard classifications indeed give different results. We find that both\nthe total current autocorrelation and the long-range local current correlations\nof the open system in equilibrium show signatures of diffusive transport up to\na time scale. This time scale grows as square of system size. Beyond this time\nscale a steady state value is reached. The steady state value is conductance,\nwhich shows sub-diffusive scaling with system size.",
        "positive": "Agglomerative percolation on the Bethe lattice and the triangular cactus: We study the agglomerative percolation (AP) models on the Bethe lattice and\nthe triangular cactus to establish the exact mean-field theory for AP. Using\nthe self-consistent simulation method, based on the exact self-consistent\nequation, we directly measure the order parameter $P_{\\infty}$ and average\ncluster size $S$. From the measured $P_{\\infty}$ and $S$ we obtain the critical\nexponents $\\beta_k$ and $\\gamma_k$ for $k=2$ and 3. Here $\\beta_k$ and\n$\\gamma_k$ are the critical exponents for $P_\\infty$ and $S$ when the growth of\nclusters spontaneously breaks the $Z_k$ symmetry of the $k$-partite graph (Lau,\nPaczuski, and Grassberger, 2012). The obtained values are $\\beta_2=1.79(3)$,\n$\\gamma_2=0.88(1)$, $\\beta_3=1.35(5)$, and $\\gamma_3=0.94(2)$. By comparing\nthese values of exponents with those for ordinary percolation\n($\\beta_{\\infty}=1$ and $\\gamma_{\\infty}=1$) we also find the inequalities\nbetween the exponents, as $\\beta_\\infty<\\beta_3<\\beta_2$ and\n$\\gamma_\\infty>\\gamma_3>\\gamma_2$. These results quantitatively verify the\nconjecture that the AP model belongs to a new universality class if $Z_k$\nsymmetry is broken spontaneously, and the new universality class depends on $k$\n[Lau et al., Phys. Rev. E 86, 011118 (2012)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous layering at the liquid Sn surface: X-ray reflectivity measurements on the free surface of liquid Sn are\npresented. They exhibit the high-angle peak, indicative of surface-induced\nlayering, also found for other pure liquid metals (Hg, Ga and In). However, a\nlow-angle peak, not hitherto observed for any pure liquid metal, is also found,\nindicating the presence of a high-density surface layer. Fluorescence and\nresonant reflectivity measurements rule out the assignment of this layer to\nsurface-segregation of impurities. The reflectivity is modelled well by a 10%\ncontraction of the spacing between the first and second atomic surface layers,\nrelative to that of subsequent layers. Possible reasons for this are discussed.",
        "positive": "Some comments on developments in exact solutions in statistical\n  mechanics since 1944: Lars Onsager and Bruria Kaufman calculated the partition function of the\nIsing model exactly in 1944 and 1949. Since then there have been many\ndevelopments in the exact solution of similar, but usually more complicated,\nmodels. Here I shall mention a few, and show how some of the latest work seems\nto be returning once again to the properties observed by Onsager and Kaufman."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Logarithmic Correlations in Quenched Random Magnets and Polymers: It is argued that logarithmic factors multiplying power law behavior are to\nbe expected at or near non-mean field critical points of systems with\nshort-range interactions described theoretically by any kind of n -> 0 limit,\nin which the effective free energy vanishes. Explicit examples are given for\nquenched random ferromagnets, polymer statistics and percolation, but the\nphenomenon is quite general.",
        "positive": "Entropy production and fluctuation theorems on complex networks: Entropy production (EP) is known as a fundamental quantity for measuring the\nirreversibility of processes in thermal equilibrium and states far from\nequilibrium. In stochastic thermodynamics, the EP becomes more visible in terms\nof the probability density functions of the trajectories of a particle in the\nstate space. Inspired by a previous result that complex networks can serve as\nstate spaces, we consider a data packet transport problem on complex networks.\nEntropy is produced owing to the complexity of pathways as the packet travels\nback and forth between two nodes. The EPs are exactly enumerated along the\nshortest paths between every pair of nodes, and the functional form of the EP\ndistribution is determined by extreme value analysis. The asymptote of the\naccumulated EP distribution is found to follow the Gumbel distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Opinion dynamics in a three-choice system: We generalize Galam's model of opinion spreading by introducing three\ncompeting choices. At each update, the population is randomly divided in groups\nof three agents, whose members adopt the opinion of the local majority. In the\ncase of a tie, the local group adopts opinion A, B or C with probabilities\nalpha, beta and (1-alpha-beta) respectively. We derive the associated phase\ndiagrams and dynamics by both analytical means and simulations. Polarization is\nalways reached within very short time scales. We point out situations in which\nan initially very small minority opinion can invade the whole system.",
        "positive": "Second law and Landauer principle far from equilibrium: The amount of work that is needed to change the state of a system in contact\nwith a heat bath between specified initial and final nonequilibrium states is\nat least equal to the corresponding equilibrium free energy difference plus\n(resp. minus) temperature times the information of the final (resp. the\ninitial) state relative to the corresponding equilibrium distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium dynamics of a pure dry friction model subjected to\n  coloured noise: We investigate the impact of noise on a two-dimensional simple paradigmatic\npiecewise-smooth dynamical system. For that purpose we consider the motion of a\nparticle subjected to dry friction and coloured noise. The finite correlation\ntime of the noise provides an additional dimension in phase space, a nontrivial\nprobability current, and thus establishes a proper nonequilibrium regime.\nFurthermore, the finite noise correlation time allows for the study of\nstick-slip phenomena which show up as a singular component in the stationary\nprobability density. Analytic insight can be provided by application of the\nunified coloured noise approximation, developed by Jung and H\\\"anggi (Phys.\nRev. A 35, 4464 (R) (1987)). The analysis of probability currents and a closer\nlook at power spectral densities underpin the observed stick-slip transitions\nwhich are related with a critical value of the noise correlation time.",
        "positive": "Dipolar Dimer Liquid: A model of dipolar dimer liquid (DDL) on a two-dimensional lattice has been\nproposed. We found that at high density and low temperature, it has a partially\nordered phase which we called glacia phase. The glacia phase transition can be\nunderstood by mapping the DDL to an annealed Ising model on random graphs. In\nthe high density limit the critical temperature obtained by the Monte Carlo\nsimulation is $k_BT_c^G = (3.5\\pm0.1)J$, which agrees with the estimations of\nthe upper and lower bounds of $k_BT_c^G$ with exactly solved Ising models. In\nthe high density and low temperature limit, we further studied configurational\nentropy of the DDL in the presence of the neutral polymers. The suppression of\nthe configurational entropy scales as a power law of the polymer length\n$\\lambda_p^\\alpha$ with $\\alpha \\geq 1$, which implies that the configurational\nentropy of water plays essential roles in understanding the hydrophobic effect\nand the protein folding problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Breath Figures: Nucleation, Growth, Coalescence, and the Size\n  Distribution of Droplets: The analysis of the size distribution of droplets condensing on a substrate\n(breath figures) is a test ground for scaling theories. Here, we show that a\nfaithful description of these distributions must explicitly deal with the\ngrowth mechanisms of the droplets. This finding establishes a gateway\nconnecting nucleation and growth of the smallest droplets on surfaces to gross\nfeatures of the evolution of the droplet size distribution.",
        "positive": "Machine learning approaches for Kuramoto coupled oscillator systems: Recently, there has been significant advancement in the machine learning (ML)\napproach and its application to diverse systems ranging from complex to quantum\nsystems. As one of such systems, a coupled-oscillators system exhibits\nintriguing collective behaviors, synchronization phase transitions, chaotic\nbehaviors and so on. Even though traditional approaches such as analytical and\nnumerical methods enable to understand diverse properties of such systems, some\nproperties still remain unclear. Here, we applied the ML approach to such\nsystems particularly described by the Kuramoto model, with the aim of resolving\nthe following intriguing problems, namely determination of the transition point\nand criticality of a hybrid synchronization transition; understanding network\nstructures from chaotic patterns; and comparison of ML algorithms for the\nprediction of future chaotic behaviors. The proposed method is expected to be\nuseful for further problems such as understanding a neural network structure\nfrom electroencephalogram signals."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Criticality in the randomness-induced second-order phase transition of\n  the triangular Ising antiferromagnet with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor\n  interactions: Using a Wang-Landau entropic sampling scheme, we investigate the effects of\nquenched bond randomness on a particular case of a triangular Ising model with\nnearest- ($J_{nn}$) and next-nearest-neighbor ($J_{nnn}$) antiferromagnetic\ninteractions. We consider the case $R=J_{nnn}/J_{nn}=1$, for which the pure\nmodel is known to have a columnar ground state where rows of nearest-neighbor\nspins up and down alternate and undergoes a weak first-order phase transition\nfrom the ordered to the paramagnetic state. With the introduction of quenched\nbond randomness we observe the effects signaling the expected conversion of the\nfirst-order phase transition to a second-order phase transition and using the\nLee-Kosterlitz method, we quantitatively verify this conversion. The emerging,\nunder random bonds, continuous transition shows a strongly saturating specific\nheat behavior, corresponding to a negative exponent $\\alpha$, and belongs to a\nnew distinctive universality class with $\\nu=1.135(11)$, $\\gamma/\\nu=1.744(9)$,\nand $\\beta/\\nu=0.124(8)$. Thus, our results for the critical exponents support\nan extensive but weak universality and the emerged continuous transition has\nthe same magnetic critical exponent (but a different thermal critical exponent)\nas a wide variety of two-dimensional (2d) systems without and with quenched\ndisorder.",
        "positive": "The excitations of the sympletic integrable models and their\n  applications: The Bethe ansatz equations of the fundamental Sp(2N) integrable model are\nsolved by a peculiar configuration of roots leading us to determine the nature\nof the excitations. They consist of N elementary generalized spinons and N-1\ncomposite excitations made by special convolutions between the spinons. This\nfact is essential to determine the low-energy behaviour which is argued to be\ndescribed in terms of 2N Majorana fermions. Our results have practical\napplications to spin-orbital systems and also shed new light to the connection\nbetween integrable models and Wess-Zumino-Witten field theories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical exponents predicted by grouping of Feynman diagrams in phi^4\n  model: Different perturbation theory treatments of the Ginzburg-Landau phase\ntransition model are discussed. This includes a criticism of the perturbative\nrenormalization group (RG) approach and a proposal of a novel method providing\ncritical exponents consistent with the known exact solutions in two dimensions.\nThe usual perturbation theory is reorganized by appropriate grouping of Feynman\ndiagrams of phi^4 model with O(n) symmetry. As a result, equations for\ncalculation of the two-point correlation function are obtained which allow to\npredict possible exact values of critical exponents in two and three dimensions\nby proving relevant scaling properties of the asymptotic solution at (and near)\nthe criticality. The new values of critical exponents are discussed and\ncompared to the results of numerical simulations and experiments.",
        "positive": "On the Question of Ergodicity in Quantum Spin Glass Phase and its role\n  in Quantum Annealing: We first review, following our earlier studies, the critical behavior of the\nquantum Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model at finite as well as at zero\ntemperatures. Through the analysis of the Binder cumulant we determined the\nentire phase diagram of the model and from the scaling analysis of the\nnumerical data we obtained the correlation length exponent. For both the\ncritical Binder cumulant and the correlation length exponent, we observed a\ncrossover from classical- to quantum-fluctuation-dominated values at a finite\ntemperature. We studied the behavior of the order parameter distribution of the\nmodel in the glass phase (at finite and zero temperatures). Along with a\nclassical-fluctuation-dominated nonergodic region (where the replica symmetry\nis broken), we also found a quantum-fluctuation-dominated low-temperature\nergodic region in the spin glass phase. In this quantum-fluctuation-dominated\nregion, the order parameter distribution has a narrow peak around its most\nprobable value, eventually becoming a delta function in the\ninfinite-system-size limit (indicating replica symmetry restoration or\nergodicity in the system). We also found that the annealing time (to reach a\nvery low energy level of the classical SK model) becomes practically\nsystem-size-independent when the annealing paths pass through this ergodic\nregion. In contrast, when such paths pass through the nonergodic region, the\nconvergence time grows rapidly with the system size. We present a new study of\nthe autocorrelation of the spins in both ergodic and nonergodic regions. We\nfound a significant increase in the relaxation time (and also a change in the\nrelaxation behavior) in the classical-fluctuation-dominated (nonergodic) region\ncompared with that in the quantum-fluctuation-dominated (ergodic) region of the\nspin glass phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efimov effect at the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang roughening transition: Surface growth governed by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation in\ndimensions higher than two undergoes a roughening transition from smooth to\nrough phases with increasing the nonlinearity. It is also known that the KPZ\nequation can be mapped onto quantum mechanics of attractive bosons with a\ncontact interaction, where the roughening transition corresponds to a binding\ntransition of two bosons with increasing the attraction. Such critical bosons\nin three dimensions actually exhibit the Efimov effect, where a three-boson\ncoupling turns out to be relevant under the renormalization group so as to\nbreak the scale invariance down to a discrete one. On the basis of these facts\nlinking the two distinct subjects in physics, we predict that the KPZ\nroughening transition in three dimensions shows either the discrete scale\ninvariance or no intrinsic scale invariance.",
        "positive": "Time-dependent barrier passage of Two-dimensional non-Ohmic damping\n  system: The time-dependent barrier passage of an anomalous damping system is studied\nvia the generalized Langevin equation (GLE) with non-Ohmic memory damping\nfriction tensor and corresponding thermal colored noise tensor describing a\nparticle passing over the saddle point of a two-dimensional quadratic potential\nenergy surface. The time-dependent passing probability and transmission\ncoefficient are analytically obtained by using of the reactive flux method. The\nlong memory aspect of friction is revealed to originate a non-monotonic\n$\\delta$(power exponent of the friction) dependence of the passing probability,\nthe optimal incident angle of the particle and the steady anomalous\ntransmission coefficient. In the long time limit a bigger steady transmission\ncoefficient is obtained which means less barrier recrossing than the\none-dimensional case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Gaussianity and Dynamical Trapping in Locally Activated Random Walks: We propose a minimal model of \\emph{locally-activated diffusion}, in which\nthe diffusion coefficient of a one-dimensional Brownian particle is modified in\na prescribed way --- either increased or decreased --- upon each crossing of\nthe origin. Such a local mobility decrease arises in the formation of\natherosclerotic plaques due to diffusing macrophage cells accumulating lipid\nparticles. We show that spatially localized mobility perturbations have\nremarkable consequences on diffusion at all scales, such as the emergence of a\nnon-Gaussian multi-peaked probability distribution and a dynamical transition\nto an absorbing static state. In the context of atherosclerosis, this dynamical\ntransition can be viewed as a minimal mechanism that causes macrophages to\naggregate in lipid-enriched regions and thereby to the formation of\natherosclerotic plaques.",
        "positive": "Ferro-electric phase transition in a polar liquid and the nature of\n  \u03bb-transition in supercooled water: We develop a series of approximations to calculate free energy of a polar\nliquid. We show that long range nature of dipole interactions between the\nmolecules leads to para-electric state instability at low temperatures and to a\nsecond-order phase transition. We establish the transition temperature, T_{c},\nboth within mean field and ring diagrams approximation and show that the\nferro-electric transition may play an important role explaining a number of\npeculiar properties of supercooled water, such as weak singularity of\ndielectric constant as well as to a large extent anomalous density behavior.\nFinally we discuss the role of fluctuations, shorter range forces and establish\nconnections with phenomenological models of polar liquids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of a stochastic protein dynamics model with delayed\n  degradation: We study a stochastic model of protein dynamics that explicitly includes\ndelay in the degradation. We rigorously derive the master equation for the\nprocesses and solve it exactly. We show that the equations for the mean values\nobtained differ from others intuitively proposed and that oscillatory behavior\nis not possible in this system. We discuss the calculation of correlation\nfunctions in stochastic systems with delay, stressing the differences with\nMarkovian processes. The exact results allow to clarify the interplay between\nstochasticity and delay.",
        "positive": "Rectifying the thermal Brownian motion of three-dimensional asymmetric\n  objects: We extend the analysis of a thermal Brownian motor reported in Phys. Rev.\nLett. 93, 090601 (2004) by C. Van den Broeck, R. Kawai, and P. Meurs to a\nthree-dimensional configuration. We calculate the friction coefficient,\ndiffusion coefficient, and drift velocity as a function of shape and present\nestimates based on physically realistic parameter values."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Fast Direct Sampling Algorithm for Equilateral Closed Polygons: Sampling equilateral closed polygons is of interest in the statistical study\nof ring polymers. Over the past 30 years, previous authors have proposed a\nvariety of simple Markov chain algorithms (but have not been able to show that\nthey converge to the correct probability distribution) and complicated direct\nsamplers (which require extended-precision arithmetic to evaluate numerically\nunstable polynomials). We present a simple direct sampler which is fast and\nnumerically stable, and analyze its runtime using a new formula for the volume\nof equilateral polygon space as a Dirichlet-type integral.",
        "positive": "Explicitly stable Fundamental Measure Theory models for classical\n  density functional theory: The derivation of the state of the art tensorial versions of Fundamental\nMeasure Theory (a form of classical Density Functional Theory for hard spheres)\nare re-examined in the light of the recently introduced concept of global\nstability of the density functional based on its boundedness (Lutsko and Lam,\nPhys. Rev. E 98, 012604 (2018)). It is shown that within the present paradigm,\nexplicitly stability of the functional can be achieved only at the cost of\ngiving up accuracy at low densities. It is argued that this is an acceptable\ntrade-off since the main value of DFT lies in the study of dense systems.\nExplicit calculations for a wide variety of systems shows that a proposed\nexplicitly stable functional is competitive in all ways with the popular White\nBear model while sharing some of its weaknesses when applied to\nnon-close-packed solids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Semiflexible polymers: Dependence on ensemble and boundary orientations: We show that the mechanical properties of a worm-like-chain (WLC) polymer, of\ncontour length $L$ and persistence length $\\l$ such that $t=L/\\l\\sim{\\cal\nO}(1)$, depend both on the ensemble and the constraint on end-orientations. In\nthe Helmholtz ensemble, multiple minima in free energy near $t=4$ persists for\nall kinds of orientational boundary conditions. The qualitative features of\nprojected probability distribution of end to end vector depend crucially on the\nembedding dimensions. A mapping of the WLC model, to a quantum particle moving\non the surface of an unit sphere, is used to obtain the statistical and\nmechanical properties of the polymer under various boundary conditions and\nensembles. The results show excellent agreement with Monte-Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Dynamics and large deviation transitions of the XOR-Fredrickson-Andersen\n  kinetically constrained model: We study a one-dimensional classical stochastic kinetically constrained model\n(KCM) inspired by Rydberg atoms in their \"facilitated\" regime, where sites can\nflip only if a single of their nearest neighbours is excited. We call this\nmodel \"XOR-FA\" to distinguish it from the standard Fredrickson-Andersen (FA)\nmodel. We describe the dynamics of the XOR-FA model, including its relation to\nsimple exclusion processes in its domain wall representation. The interesting\nrelaxation dynamics of the XOR-FA is related to the prominence of large\ndynamical fluctuations that lead to phase transitions between active and\ninactive dynamical phases as in other KCMs. By means of numerical tensor\nnetwork methods we study in detail such transitions in the dynamical large\ndeviation regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random walks with imperfect trapping in the decoupled-ring approximation: We investigate random walks on a lattice with imperfect traps. In one\ndimension, we perturbatively compute the survival probability by reducing the\nproblem to a particle diffusing on a closed ring containing just one single\ntrap. Numerical simulations reveal this solution, which is exact in the limit\nof perfect traps, to be remarkably robust with respect to a significant\nlowering of the trapping probability. We demonstrate that for randomly\ndistributed traps, the long-time asymptotics of our result recovers the known\nstretched exponential decay. We also study an anisotropic three-dimensional\nversion of our model, where for sufficiently large transverse diffusion the\nsystem is described by the mean-field kinetics. We discuss possible\napplications of some of our findings to the decay of excitons in semiconducting\norganic polymer materials, and emphasize the crucial influence of the spatial\ntrap distribution on the kinetics.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo simulations of dynamic phase transitions in ultrathin\n  Blume-Capel films: Dynamic phase transition phenomena in ultrathin films described by\nBlume-Capel model have been investigated using Monte Carlo simulations.\nHysteresis loops, micromagnetic structures, and hysteresis loop area curves, as\nwell as dynamic correlation between the magnetization and the external field\nhave been studied as functions of the field, as well as the film parameters.\nThe variation of critical coupling of the modified film surface at which the\ntransition temperature becomes independent of film thickness have been\nclarified for varying system parameters. Frequency dispersion of hysteresis\nloop area have been found to obey a power law for low and moderate frequencies\nfor both ordinary and enhanced surfaces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Granular Brownian Motor: An asymmetric object, undergoing dissipative collisions with surrounding\nparticles, acquires a nonzero average velocity. The latter is calculated\nanalytically by an expansion of the Boltzmann equation and the result is\ncompared with Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Critical exponents of the anisotropic Bak-Sneppen model: We analyze the behavior of spatially anisotropic Bak-Sneppen model. We\ndemonstrate that a nontrivial relation between critical exponents tau and\nmu=d/D, recently derived for the isotropic Bak-Sneppen model, holds for its\nanisotropic version as well. For one-dimensional anisotropic Bak-Sneppen model\nwe derive a novel exact equation for the distribution of avalanche spatial\nsizes, and extract the value gamma=2 for one of the critical exponents of the\nmodel. Other critical exponents are then determined from previously known\nexponent relations. Our results are in excellent agreement with Monte Carlo\nsimulations of the model as well as with direct numerical integration of the\nnew equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time of avalanche mixing of granular materials in a half filled rotated\n  drum: The avalanche mixing of granular solids in a slowly rotated 2D upright drum\nis studied. We demonstrate that the account of the difference $\\delta$ between\nthe angle of marginal stability and the angle of repose of the granular\nmaterial leads to a restricted value of the mixing time $\\tau$ for a half\nfilled drum. The process of mixing is described by a linear discrete difference\nequation. We show that the mixing looks like linear diffusion of fractions with\nthe diffusion coefficient vanishing when $\\delta$ is an integer part of $\\pi$.\nIntroduction of fluctuations of $\\delta$ supresses the singularities of\n$\\tau(\\delta)$ and smoothes the dependence $\\tau(\\delta)$.",
        "positive": "Effects of Confinement on Critical Adsorption: Absence of Critical\n  Depletion for Fluids in Slit Pores: The adsorption of a near-critical fluid confined in a slit pore is\ninvestigated by means of density functional theory and by Monte Carlo\nsimulation for a Lennard-Jones fluid. Our work was stimulated by recent\nexperiments for SF_6 adsorbed in a mesoporous glass which showed the striking\nphenomenon of critical depletion, i.e. the adsorption excess \"Gamma\" first\nincreases but then decreases very rapidly to negative values as the bulk\ncritical temperature T_c is approached from above along near-critical\nisochores. By contrast, our density functional and simulation results, for a\nrange of strongly attractive wall-fluid potentials, show Gamma monotonically\nincreasing and eventually saturating as the temperature is lowered towards T_c\nalong both the critical (rho=rho_c) and sub-critical isochores (rho<\\rho_c).\nSuch behaviour results from the increasingly slow decay of the density profile\naway from the walls, into the middle of the slit, as T->T_c. For rho < rho_c we\nfind that in the fluid the effective bulk field, which is negative and which\nfavours desorption, is insufficient to dominate the effects of the surface\nfields which favour adsorption. We compare this situation with earlier results\nfor the lattice gas model with a constant (negative) bulk field where critical\ndepletion was found. Qualitatively different behaviour of the density profiles\nand adsorption is found in simulations for intermediate and weakly attractive\nwall-fluid potentials but in no case do we observe the critical depletion found\nin experiments. We conclude that the latter cannot be accounted for by a single\npore model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generic Ising Trees: The Ising model on an infinite generic tree is defined as a thermodynamic\nlimit of finite systems. A detailed description of the corresponding\ndistribution of infinite spin configurations is given. As an application we\nstudy the magnetization properties of such systems and prove that they exhibit\nno spontaneous magnetization. Furthermore, the values of the Hausdorff and\nspectral dimensions of the underlying trees are calculated and found to be,\nrespectively, $\\bar{d}_h=2$ and $\\bar{d}_s=4/3$.",
        "positive": "Weak eigenstate thermalization with large deviation bound: We investigate the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) for a\ntranslationally invariant quantum spin system on the $d$-dimensional cubic\nlattice under the periodic boundary conditions. It is known that the ETH holds\nin this model for typical energy eigenstates in the sense that the standard\ndeviation of the expectation values of a local observable in the energy\neigenstates within the microcanonical energy shell vanishes in the\nthermodynamic limit, which is called the weak ETH. Here, it is remarked that\nthe diagonal elements of a local observable in the energy representation shows\nthe large deviation behavior. This result implies that the fraction of atypical\neigenstates which do not represent thermal equilibrium is exponentially small."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropic dynamics on Gibbs statistical manifolds: Entropic dynamics is a framework in which the laws of dynamics are derived as\nan application of entropic methods of inference. Its successes include the\nderivation of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory from probabilistic\nprinciples. Here we develop the entropic dynamics of a system the state of\nwhich is described by a probability distribution. Thus, the dynamics unfolds on\na statistical manifold which is automatically endowed by a metric structure\nprovided by information geometry. The curvature of the manifold has a\nsignificant influence. We focus our dynamics on the statistical manifold of\nGibbs distributions (also known as canonical distributions or the exponential\nfamily). The model includes an \"entropic\" notion of time that is tailored to\nthe system under study; the system is its own clock. As one might expect,\nentropic time is intrinsically directional; there is a natural arrow of time\nwhich is lead by entropic considerations. As illustrative examples we discuss\ndynamics on a space of Gaussians and the discrete 3-state system.",
        "positive": "Repelling Random Walkers in a Diffusion-Coalescence System: We have shown that the steady state probability distribution function of a\ndiffusion-coalescence system on a one-dimensional lattice of length L with\nreflecting boundaries can be written in terms of a superposition of double\nshock structures which perform biased random walks on the lattice while\nrepelling each other. The shocks can enter into the system and leave it from\nthe boundaries. Depending on the microscopic reaction rates, the system is\nknown to have two different phases. We have found that the mean distance\nbetween the shock positions is of order L in one phase while it is of order 1\nin the other phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical thermodynamics of a two dimensional relativistic gas: In this article we study a fully relativistic model of a two dimensional\nhard-disk gas. This model avoids the general problems associated with\nrelativistic particle collisions and is therefore an ideal system to study\nrelativistic effects in statistical thermodynamics. We study this model using\nmolecular-dynamics simulation, concentrating on the velocity distribution\nfunctions. We obtain results for $x$ and $y$ components of velocity in the rest\nframe ($\\Gamma$) as well as the moving frame ($\\Gamma'$). Our results confirm\nthat J\\\"{u}ttner distribution is the correct generalization of\nMaxwell-Boltzmann distribution. We obtain the same \"temperature\" parameter\n$\\beta$ for both frames consistent with a recent study of a limited\none-dimensional model. We also address the controversial topic of temperature\ntransformation. We show that while local thermal equilibrium holds in the\nmoving frame, relying on statistical methods such as distribution functions or\nequipartition theorem are ultimately inconclusive in deciding on a correct\ntemperature transformation law (if any).",
        "positive": "Comment on ``Renormalization-group picture of the Lifshitz critical\n  behavior'': We show that the recent renormalization-group analysis of Lifshitz critical\nbehavior presented by Leite [Phys. Rev. B {\\bf 67}, 104415 (2003)] suffers from\na number of severe deficiencies. In particular, we show that his approach does\nnot give an ultraviolet finite renormalized theory, is plagued by\ninconsistencies, misses the existence of a nontrivial anisotropy exponent\n$\\theta\\ne 1/2$, and therefore yields incorrect hyperscaling relations. His\n$\\epsilon$-expansion results to order $\\epsilon^2$ for the critical exponents\nof $m$-axial Lifshitz points are incorrect both in the anisotropic ($0<m<d$)\nand the isotropic cases ($m=d$). The inherent inconsistencies and the lack of a\nsound basis of the approach makes its results unacceptable even if they are\ninterpreted in the sense of approximations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Subdiffusive spin transport in disordered classical Heisenberg chains: We study the transport and equilibration properties of a classical Heisenberg\nchain, whose couplings are random variables drawn from a one-parameter family\nof power-law distributions. The absence of a scale in the couplings makes the\nsystem deviate substantially from the usual paradigm of diffusive spin\nhydrodynamics, and exhibit a regime of subdiffusive transport with an exponent\nchanging continuously with the parameter of the distribution. We propose a\nsolvable phenomenological model that correctly yields the subdiffusive\nexponent, thereby linking local fluctuations in the coupling strengths to the\nlong-time, large-distance behaviour. It also yields the finite-time corrections\nto the asymptotic scaling, which can be important in fitting the numerical\ndata. We show how such exponents undergo transitions as the distribution of the\ncoupling gets wider, marking the passage from diffusion to a regime of slow\ndiffusion, and finally to subdiffusion.",
        "positive": "Criticality on networks with topology-dependent interactions: Weighted scale-free networks with topology-dependent interactions are\nstudied. It is shown that the possible universality classes of critical\nbehaviour, which are known to depend on topology, can also be explored by\ntuning the form of the interactions at fixed topology. For a model of opinion\nformation, simple mean field and scaling arguments show that a mapping\n$\\gamma'=(\\gamma-\\mu)/(1-\\mu)$ describes how a shift of the standard exponent\n$\\gamma$ of the degree distribution can absorb the effect of degree-dependent\npair interactions $J_{ij} \\propto (k_ik_j)^{-\\mu}$, where $k_i$ stands for the\ndegree of vertex $i$. This prediction is verified by extensive numerical\ninvestigations using the cavity method and Monte Carlo simulations. The\ncritical temperature of the model is obtained through the Bethe-Peierls\napproximation and with the replica technique. The mapping can be extended to\nnonequilibrium models such as those describing the spreading of a disease on a\nnetwork."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transforming Generalized Ising Model into Boltzmann Machine: We find an exact mapping from the generalized Ising models with many-spin\ninteractions to equivalent Boltzmann machines, i.e., the models with only\ntwo-spin interactions between physical and auxiliary binary variables\naccompanied by local external fields. More precisely, the appropriate\ncombination of the algebraic transformations, namely the star-triangle and\ndecoration-iteration transformations, allows one to express the model in terms\nof fewer-spin interactions at the expense of the degrees of freedom.\nFurthermore, the benefit of the mapping in Monte Carlo simulations is\ndiscussed. In particular, we demonstrate that the application of the method in\nconjunction with the Swendsen-Wang algorithm drastically reduces the critical\nslowing down in a model with two- and three-spin interactions on the Kagom\\'e\nlattice.",
        "positive": "Commensurate-incommensurate transition in the chiral Ashkin-Teller model: We investigate the classical chiral Ashkin-Teller model on a square lattice\nwith the corner transfer matrix renormalisation group (CTMRG) algorithm. We\nshow that the melting of the period-4 phase in the presence of a chiral\nperturbation takes different forms depending on the coefficient of the\nfour-spin term in the Ashkin-Teller model. Close to the clock limit of two\ndecoupled Ising models, the system undergoes a two-step\ncommensurate-incommensurate transition as soon as the chirality is introduced,\nwith an intermediate critical floating phase bounded by a Kosterlitz-Thouless\ntransition at high temperature and a Pokrovsky-Talapov transition at low\ntemperature. By contrast, close to the four-states Potts model, we argue for\nthe existence of a unique commensurate-incommensurate transition that belongs\nto the chiral universality class, and for the presence of a Lifshitz point\nwhere the ordered, disordered and floating phases meet. Finally, we map the\nwhole phase diagram, which turns out to be in qualitative agreement with the 40\nyear old prediction by Huse and Fisher."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From local to critical fluctuations in lattice models: a\n  non-perturbative renormalization-group approach: We propose a modification of the non-perturbative renormalization-group\n(NPRG) which applies to lattice models. Contrary to the usual NPRG approach\nwhere the initial condition of the RG flow is the mean-field solution, the\nlattice NPRG uses the (local) limit of decoupled sites as the (initial)\nreference system. In the long-distance limit, it is equivalent to the usual\nNPRG formulation and therefore yields identical results for the critical\nproperties. We discuss both a lattice field theory defined on a $d$-dimensional\nhypercubic lattice and classical spin systems. The simplest approximation, the\nlocal potential approximation, is sufficient to obtain the critical temperature\nand the magnetization of the 3D Ising, XY and Heisenberg models to an accuracy\nof the order of one percent. We show how the local potential approximation can\nbe improved to include a non-zero anomalous dimension $\\eta$ and discuss the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition of the 2D XY model on a square\nlattice.",
        "positive": "Emergence of fractal behavior in condensation-driven aggregation: We investigate a model in which an ensemble of chemically identical Brownian\nparticles are continuously growing by condensation and at the same time undergo\nirreversible aggregation whenever two particles come into contact upon\ncollision. We solved the model exactly by using scaling theory for the case\nwhereby a particle, say of size $x$, grows by an amount $\\alpha x$ over the\ntime it takes to collide with another particle of any size. It is shown that\nthe particle size spectra of such system exhibit transition to dynamic scaling\n$c(x,t)\\sim t^{-\\beta}\\phi(x/t^z)$ accompanied by the emergence of fractal of\ndimension $d_f={{1}\\over{1+2\\alpha}}$. One of the remarkable feature of this\nmodel is that it is governed by a non-trivial conservation law, namely, the\n$d_f^{th}$ moment of $c(x,t)$ is time invariant regardless of the choice of the\ninitial conditions. The reason why it remains conserved is explained by using a\nsimple dimensional analysis. We show that the scaling exponents $\\beta$ and $z$\nare locked with the fractal dimension $d_f$ via a generalized scaling relation\n$\\beta=(1+d_f)z$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometrical Aspects of Aging and Rejuvenation in the Ising Spin Glass: A\n  Numerical Study: We present a comprehensive study of non-equilibrium phenomena in the low\ntemperature phase of the Edwards-Anderson Gaussian spin glass in 3 and 4\nspatial dimensions. Many effects can be understood in terms of a time dependent\ncoherence length, $\\ell_T$, such that length scales smaller that $\\ell_T$ are\nequilibrated, whereas larger length scales are essentially frozen. The time and\ntemperature dependence of $\\ell_T$ is found to be compatible with critical\npower-law dynamical scaling for small times/high temperatures, crossing over to\nan activated logarithmic growth for longer times/lower temperatures, in\nagreement with recent experimental results. The activated regime is governed by\na `barrier exponent' psi which we estimate to be psi ~ 1.0 and psi ~ 2.3 in 3\nand 4 dimensions, respectively. We observe for the first time the rejuvenation\nand memory effects in the four dimensional sample, which, we argue, is\nunrelated to `temperature chaos'. Our discussion in terms of length scales\nallows us to address several experimentally relevant issues, such as\nsuper-aging versus sub-aging effects, the role of a finite cooling rate, or the\nso-called Kovacs effect.",
        "positive": "Ergodicity of the Nos\u00e9-Hoover method: Ergodicity of the systems with Nos\\'e-Hoover thermostat are studied. The\ndynamics of the heatbath variables are investigated and they can be periodic\nwhen the system has quick oscillation. The periodic behaviour of them causes\nthe system to lose its ergodicity. The kinetic-moments method is also studied,\nand the heatbath variables in this method are found to be chaotic. The chaotic\nbehaviour makes the whole system ergodic."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Kramers Problem in the Energy-Diffusion Limited Regime: The Kramers problem in the energy-diffusion limited regime of very low\nfriction is difficult to deal with analytically becasue of the repeated\nrecrossings of the barrier that typically occur before an asymptotic rate\nconstant is achieved. Thus, the transmission coefficient of particles over the\npotential barrier undergoes oscillatory behavior in time before settling into a\nsteady state. Recently Kohen and Tannor (JCP Vol. 103, Pg. 6013, 1995)\ndeveloped a method based on the phase space distribution function to calculate\nthe transmission coefficient as a function of time in the high-friction regime.\nHere we formulate a parallel method for the low-friction regime. We find\nanalytic results for the full time and temperature dependence of the rate\ncoefficient in this regime. Our low-friction result at long times reproduces\nthe equilibrium result of Kramers at very low friction and extends it to higher\nfriction and lower temperatures below the turn-over region. Our results\nindicate that the single most important quantity in determining the entire time\nevolution of the transmission coefficient is the rate of energy loss of a\nparticle that starts above the barrier. We test our resutls, as well as those\nof Kohen and Tannor for the Kramers problem, against detailed numerical\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "The full replica symmetry breaking solution in mean-field spin glass\n  models: This thesis focus on the extension of the Parisi full replica symmetry\nbreaking solution to the Ising spin glass on a random regular graph. We propose\na new martingale approach, that overcomes the limits of the Parisi-M\\'ezard\ncavity method, providing a well-defined formulation of the full replica\nsymmetry breaking problem in random regular graphs. We obtain a variational\nfree energy functional, defined by the sum of two variational functionals\n(auxiliary variational functionals), that are an extension of the Parisi\nfunctional of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model. We study the properties of the\ntwo variational functionals in detailed, providing representation through the\nsolution of a proper backward stochastic differential equation, that generalize\nthe Parisi partial differential equation. Finally, we define the order\nparameters of the system and get a set of self-consistency equations for the\norder parameters and free energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How and why does statistical mechanics work: As the title says we want to answer the question; how and why does\nstatistical mechanics work? As we know from the most used prescription of Gibbs\nwe calculate the phase space averages of dynamical quantities and we find that\nthese phase averages agree very well with experiments. Clearly actual\nexperiments are not done on a hypothetical ensemble they are done on the actual\nsystem in the laboratory and these experiments take a finite amount of time.\nThus it is usually argued that actual measurements are time averages and they\nare equal to phase averages due to ergodicity. Aim of the present review is to\nshow that ergodicity is not relevant for equilibrium statistical mechanics\n(with Tolman and Landau). We will see that the solution of the problem is in\nthe very peculiar nature of the macroscopic observables and with the very large\nnumber of the degrees of freedom involved in macroscopic systems as first\npointed out by Khinchin. Similar arguments are used by Landau based upon the\napproximate property of \"Statistical Independence\". We review these ideas in\ndetail and in some cases present a critique. We review the role of chaos\n(classical and quantum) where it is important and where it is not important. We\ncriticise the ideas of E. T. Jaynes who says that the ergodic problem is\nconceptual one and is related to the very concept of ensemble itself which is a\nby-product of frequency theory of probability, and the ergodic problem becomes\nirrelevant when the probabilities of various micro-states are interpreted with\nLaplace-Bernoulli theory of Probability (Bayesian viewpoint). In the end we\ncritically review various quantum approaches (quantum-statistical typicality\napproaches) to the foundations of statistical mechanics.",
        "positive": "Beyond Navier--Stokes equations: Capillarity of ideal gas: The system of Navier--Stokes--Fourier equations is one of the most celebrated\nsystems of equations in modern science. It describes dynamics of fluids in the\nlimit when gradients of density, velocity and temperature are sufficiently\nsmall, and loses its applicability when the flux becomes so non-equilibrium\nthat the changes of velocity, density or temperature on the length compatible\nwith the mean free path are non-negligible. The question is: how to model such\nfluxes? This problem is still open. (Despite the fact that the first `final\nequations of motion' modified for analysis of thermal creep in rarefied gas\nwere proposed by Maxwell in 1879.) There are, at least, three possible answers:\n(i) use molecular dynamics with individual particles, (ii) use kinetic\nequations, like Boltzmann's equation, or (iii) find a new system of equations\nfor description of fluid dynamics with better accounting of non-equilibrium\neffects. These three approaches work at different scales. We explore the third\npossibility using the recent findings of capillarity of internal layers in\nideal gases and of saturation effect in dissipation (there is a limiting\nattenuation rate for very short waves in ideal gas and it cannot increase\ninfinitely). One candidate equation is discussed in more detail, the Korteweg\nsystem proposed in 1901. The main ideas and approaches are illustrated by a\nkinetic system for which the problem of reduction of kinetics to fluid dynamics\nis analytically solvable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vibrational resonance in narrow-band conductors: The response is studied of a narrow-band conductor with bcc lattice to a\nlow-frequency signal under presence of a high-frequency signal. In a high\nenough dc electric field Ex, the conduction electrons form a bistable system,\nwhich results in spontaneous appearance of a transverse electric field Ey. Ac\nfield along y axis leads to amplification of the low-frequency signal with\nnon-monotonous dependence of the gain on the high-frequency field amplitude, so\nthat vibrational resonance takes place. Besides, high-frequency field induced\nnonequilibrium phase transition is found.",
        "positive": "Numerical fluid dynamics for FRG flow equations: Zero-dimensional QFTs\n  as numerical test cases. III. Shock and rarefaction waves in RG flows reveal\n  limitations of the $N\\rightarrow\\infty$ limit in $O(N)$-type models: Using an $O(N)$-symmetric toy model QFT in zero space-time dimensions we\ndiscuss several aspects and limitations of the $\\frac{1}{N}$-expansion. We\ndemonstrate, how slight modifications in a classical UV action can lead the\n$\\frac{1}{N}$-expansion astray and how the infinite-$N$ limit may alter\nfundamental properties of a QFT. Thereby we present the problem of calculating\ncorrelation functions from two totally different perspectives: First, we\nexplicitly analyze our model within an $\\frac{1}{N}$-saddle-point expansion and\nshow its limitations. Secondly, we picture the same problem within the\nframework of the Functional Renormalization Group. Applying novel analogies\nbetween (F)RG flow equations and numerical fluid dynamics from parts I and II\nof this series of publications, we recast the calculation of expectation values\nof our toy model into solving a highly non-linear but exact\nadvection(-diffusion) equation. In doing so, we find that the applicability of\nthe $\\frac{1}{N}$-expansion to our toy model is linked to freezing shock waves\nin field space in the FRG-fluid dynamic picture, while the failure of the\n$\\frac{1}{N}$-expansion in this context is related to the annihilation of two\nopposing shock waves in field space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Gibbs \"volume\" entropy is incorrect: In recent papers, several authors have claimed that a definition of the\nthermodynamic entropy in terms of the logarithm of a volume in phase space,\noriginally suggested by Gibbs, is the only valid definition. Arguing from the\nGibbs entropy, these authors claim that thermodynamics cannot be extended to\ninclude negative temperatures. However, the Gibbs entropy fails to satisfy the\npostulates of thermodynamics, leading to serious errors. In particular,\npredictions of the Gibbs entropy for systems with non-monotonic energy\ndensities are incorrect. We show that the correct expression for the\nequilibrium entropy contains an integral over a surface in phase space, and\nnegative temperature is a valid thermodynamic concept.",
        "positive": "Critical exponents for the homology of Fortuin-Kasteleyn clusters on a\n  torus: A Fortuin-Kasteleyn cluster on a torus is said to be of type $\\{a,b\\},\na,b\\in\\mathbb Z$, if it possible to draw a curve belonging to the cluster that\nwinds $a$ times around the first cycle of the torus as it winds $-b$ times\naround the second. Even though the $Q$-Potts models make sense only for $Q$\nintegers, they can be included into a family of models parametrized by\n$\\beta=\\sqrt{Q}$ for which the Fortuin-Kasteleyn clusters can be defined for\nany real $\\beta\\in (0,2]$. For this family, we study the probability\n$\\pi({\\{a,b\\}})$ of a given type of clusters as a function of the torus modular\nparameter $\\tau=\\tau_r+i\\tau_i$. We compute the asymptotic behavior of some of\nthese probabilities as the torus becomes infinitely thin. For example, the\nbehavior of $\\pi(\\{1,0\\})$ is studied along the line $\\tau_r=0$ and\n$\\tau_i\\to\\infty$. Exponents describing these behaviors are defined and related\nto weights $h_{r,s}$ of the extended Kac table for $r,s$ integers, but also\nhalf-integers. Numerical simulations are also presented. Possible relationship\nwith recent works and conformal loop ensembles is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling approach to related disordered stochastic and free-fermion\n  models: Motivated by mapping from a stochastic system with spatially random rates, we\nconsider disordered non-conserving free-fermion systems using a scaling\nprocedure for the equations of motion. This approach demonstrates\ndisorder-induced localization acting in competition with the asymmetric\ndriving. We discuss the resulting implications for the original stochastic\nsystem.",
        "positive": "Quantum transitions, ergodicity, and quantum scars in the coupled top\n  model: We consider an interacting collective spin model known as coupled top (CT),\nexhibiting a rich variety of phenomena related to quantum transitions,\nergodicity, and formation of quantum scars, discussed in [Phys. Rev. E 102,\n020101(R) (2020)]. In this work, we present a detailed analysis of the\ndifferent type of transitions in CT model, and find their connection with the\nunderlying collective spin dynamics. Apart from the quantum scarring phenomena,\nwe also identify another source of deviation from ergodicity due to the\npresence of non-ergodic multifractal states. The degree of ergodicity of the\neigenstates across the energy band is quantified from the relative entanglement\nentropy as well as multifractal dimensions, which can be probed from\nnon-equilibrium dynamics. Finally, we discuss the detection of non-ergodic\nbehavior and different types of quantum scars using `out-of-time-order\ncorrelators', which has relevance in the recent experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Third-order transport coefficients for localised and delocalised\n  charged-particle transport: We derive third order transport coefficients of skewness for a phase-space\nkinetic model that considers the processes of scattering collisions, trapping,\ndetrapping and recombination losses. The resulting expression for the skewness\ntensor provides an extension to Fick's law which is in turn applied to yield a\ncorresponding generalised advection-diffusion-skewness equation. A physical\ninterpretation of trap-induced skewness is presented and used to describe an\nobserved negative skewness due to traps. A relationship between skewness,\ndiffusion, mobility and temperature is formed by analogy with Einstein's\nrelation. Fractional transport is explored and its effects on the flux\ntransport coefficients are also outlined.",
        "positive": "Half-space stationary Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation beyond the Brownian\n  case: We study the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation on the half-line $x \\geqslant 0$\nwith Neumann type boundary condition. Stationary measures of the KPZ dynamics\nwere characterized in recent work: they depend on two parameters, the boundary\nparameter $u$ of the dynamics, and the drift $-v$ of the initial condition at\ninfinity. We consider the fluctuations of the height field when the initial\ncondition is given by one of these stationary processes. At large time $t$, it\nis natural to rescale parameters as $(u,v)=t^{-1/3}(a,b)$ to study the critical\nregion. In the special case $a+b=0$, treated in previous works, the stationary\nprocess is simply Brownian. However, these Brownian stationary measures are\nparticularly relevant in the bound phase ($a<0$) but not in the unbound phase.\nFor instance, starting from the flat or droplet initial data, the height field\nnear the boundary converges to the stationary process with $a>0$ and $b=0$,\nwhich is not Brownian. For $a+b\\geqslant 0$, we determine exactly the large\ntime distribution $F_{a,b}^{\\rm stat}$ of the height function $h(0,t)$. As an\napplication, we obtain the exact covariance of the height field in a half-line\nat two times $1\\ll t_1\\ll t_2$ starting from stationary initial data, as well\nas estimates, when starting from droplet initial data, in the limit $t_1/t_2\\to\n1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microcanonical phase diagrams of short-range ferromagnets: A phase diagram is a graph in parameter space showing the phase boundaries of\na many-particle system. Commonly, the control parameters are chosen to be those\nof the (generalized) canonical ensemble, such as temperature and magnetic\nfield. However, depending on the physical situation of interest, the\n(generalized) microcanonical ensemble may be more appropriate, with the\ncorresponding control parameters being energy and magnetization. We show that\nthe phase diagram on this parameter space looks remarkably different from the\ncanonical one. The general features of such a microcanonical phase diagram are\ninvestigated by studying two models of ferromagnets with short-range\ninteractions. The physical consequences of the findings are discussed,\nincluding possible applications to nuclear fragmentation, adatoms on surfaces,\nand cold atoms in optical lattices.",
        "positive": "Many-body effects in tracer particle diffusion with applications for\n  single-protein dynamics on DNA: 30% of the DNA in E. coli bacteria is covered by proteins. Such high degree\nof crowding affect the dynamics of generic biological processes (e.g. gene\nregulation, DNA repair, protein diffusion etc.) in ways that are not yet fully\nunderstood. In this paper, we theoretically address the diffusion constant of a\ntracer particle in a one dimensional system surrounded by impenetrable crowder\nparticles. While the tracer particle always stays on the lattice, crowder\nparticles may unbind to a surrounding bulk and rebind at another or the same\nlocation. In this scenario we determine how the long time diffusion constant\n${\\cal D}$ (after many unbinding events) depends on (i) the unbinding rate of\ncrowder particles $k_{\\rm off}$, and (ii) crowder particle line density $\\rho$,\nfrom simulations (Gillespie algorithm) and analytical calculations. For small\n$k_{\\rm off}$, we find ${\\cal D}\\sim k_{\\rm off}/\\rho^2$ when crowder particles\nare immobile on the line, and ${\\cal D}\\sim \\sqrt{D k_{\\rm off}}/\\rho$ when\nthey are diffusing; $D$ is the free particle diffusion constant. For large\n$k_{\\rm off}$, we find agreement with mean-field results which do not depend on\n$k_{\\rm off}$. From literature values of $k_{\\rm off}$ and $D$, we show that\nthe small $k_{\\rm off}$-limit is relevant for in vivo protein diffusion on a\ncrowded DNA. Our results applies to single-molecule tracking experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Characterizing autonomous Maxwell demons: We distinguish traditional implementations of autonomous Maxwell demons from\nrelated linear devices that were recently proposed, not relying on the notions\nof measurements and feedback control. In both cases a current seems to flow\nagainst its spontaneous direction (imposed, e.g., by a thermal or electric\ngradient) without external energy intake. However, in the latter case, this\ncurrent inversion may only be apparent. Even if the currents exchanged between\na system and its reservoirs are inverted (by creating additional independent\ncurrents between system and demon), this is not enough to conclude that the\noriginal current through the system has been inverted. We show that this\ndistinction can be revealed locally by measuring the fluctuations of the\nsystem-reservoir currents.",
        "positive": "Semiflexible polymer in a strip: We study the thermodynamic properties of a semiflexible polymer confined\ninside strips of widths L<=9 defined on a square lattice. The polymer is\nmodeled as a self-avoiding walk and a short range interaction between the\nmonomers and the walls is included through an energy e associated to each\nmonomer placed on one of the walls. Also, an additional energy is associated to\neach elementary bend of the walk. The free energy of the model is obtained\nexactly through a transfer matrix formalism. The profile of the monomer density\nand the force on the walls are obtained. We notice that as the bending energy\nis decreased, the range of values of e for which the density profile is neither\nconvex nor concave increases, and for sufficiently attracting walls (e<0) we\nfind that in general the attractive force is maximum for situations where the\nbends are favored."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "MAXENT and the Tsallis Parameter: The nonextensive entropic measure proposed by Tsallis introduces a parameter,\nq, which is not defined but rather must be determined. The value of q is\ntypically determined from a piece of data and then fixed over the range of\ninterest. On the other hand, from a phenomenological viewpoint, there are\ninstances in which q cannot be treated as a constant.\n  We present two distinct approaches for determining q depending on the form of\nthe equations of constraint for the particular system. In the first case the\nequations of constraint for an operator O can be written as $Tr[F^{q}O]=C$,\nwhere C may be an explicit function of the distribution function, F. In this\ncase one can solve an equivalent MAXENT problem which yields q as a function of\nthe corresponding Lagrange Multiplier. As an illustration the exact solutions\nto the static Generalized Fokker-Planck Equation (GFP) are obtained from\nMAXENT. As in the case where C is a constant if q is treated as a variable\nwithin the MAXENT framework, the entropic measure is maximized for all values\nof q trivially. Therefore q must be determined from existing data. In the\nsecond case an additional equation of constraint exists which cannot be brought\ninto the above form. In this case the additional equation of constraint may be\nused to determine the fixed value of q.",
        "positive": "Hyperaccurate bounds in discrete-state Markovian systems: Generalized empirical currents represent a vast class of thermodynamic\nobservables of mesoscopic systems. Their fluctuations satisfy the thermodynamic\nuncertainty relations (TURs), as they can be bounded by the average entropy\nproduction. Here, we derive a general closed expression for the hyperaccurate\ncurrent in discrete-state Markovian systems, i.e., the one with the least\nfluctuations, for both discrete- and continuous-time evolution. We show that\nits associated hyperaccurate bound is generally much tighter than the one given\nby the TURs, and might be crucial to providing a reliable estimation of the\naverage entropy production. We also show that one-loop systems (rings) exhibit\na hyperaccurate current only for finite times, highlighting the importance of\nshort-time observations. Additionally, we derive two novel bounds for the\nefficiency of work-to-work converters, solely as a function of either the input\nor the output power. Finally, our theoretical results are employed to analyze a\n6-state model network for kinesin, and a chemical system in a thermal gradient\nexhibiting a dissipation-driven selection of states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The 2D XY model on a finite lattice with structural disorder:\n  quasi-long-range ordering under realistic conditions: We present an analytic approach to study concurrent influence of quenched\nnon-magnetic site-dilution and finiteness of the lattice on the 2D XY model.\nTwo significant deeply connected features of this spin model are: a special\ntype of ordering (quasi-long-range order) below a certain temperature and a\nsize-dependent mean value of magnetisation in the low-temperature phase that\ngoes to zero (according to the Mermin-Wagner-Hohenberg theorem) in the\nthermodynamic limit. We focus our attention on the asymptotic behaviour of the\nspin-spin correlation function and the probability distribution of\nmagnetisation. The analytic approach is based on the spin-wave approximation\nvalid for the low-temperature regime and an expansion in the parameters which\ncharacterise the deviation from completely homogeneous configuration of\nimpurities. We further support the analytic considerations by Monte Carlo\nsimulations performed for different concentrations of impurities and compare\nanalytic and MC results. We present as the main quantitative result of the work\nthe exponent of the spin-spin correlation function power law decay. It is non\nuniversal depending not only on temperature as in the pure model but also on\nconcentration of magnetic sites. This exponent characterises also the vanishing\nof magnetisation with increasing lattice size.",
        "positive": "Discontinuous percolation in diffusion-limited cluster aggregation: Recently, the diffusion-limited cluster aggregation (DLCA) model was\nrestudied as a real-world example of showing discontinuous percolation\ntransitions (PTs). Because a larger cluster is less mobile in Brownian motion,\nit comes into contact with other clusters less frequently. Thus, the formation\nof a giant cluster is suppressed in the DLCA process. All clusters grow\ncontinuously with respect to time, but the largest cluster grows drastically\nwith respect to the number of cluster merging events. Here, we study the\ndiscontinuous PT occurring in the DLCA model in more general dimensions such as\ntwo, three, and four dimensions. PTs are also studied for a generalized\nvelocity, which scales with cluster size $s$ as $v_{s} \\propto s^{\\eta}$. For\nBrownian motion of hard spheres in three dimensions, the mean relative speed\nscales as $s^{-1/2}$ and the collision rate $\\sigma v_s$ scales as $\\sim\ns^{1/6}$. We find numerically that the PT type changes from discontinuous to\ncontinuous as $\\eta$ crosses over a tricritical point $\\eta_{c} \\approx 1.2$\n(in two dimensions), $\\eta_{c} \\approx 0.8$ (in three dimensions), and\n$\\eta_{c} \\approx 0.4$ (in four dimensions). We illustrate the root of this\ncrossover behavior from the perspective of the heterogeneity of cluster-size\ndistribution. Finally, we study the reaction-limited cluster aggregation (RLCA)\nmodel in the Brownian process, in which cluster merging takes place with finite\nprobability $r$. We find that the PTs in two and three dimensions are\ndiscontinuous even for small $r$ such as $r=10^{-3}$, but are continuous in\nfour dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Loewner evolution driven by Levy processes: Standard stochastic Loewner evolution (SLE) is driven by a continuous\nBrownian motion, which then produces a continuous fractal trace. If jumps are\nadded to the driving function, the trace branches. We consider a generalized\nSLE driven by a superposition of a Brownian motion and a stable Levy process.\nThe situation is defined by the usual SLE parameter, $\\kappa$, as well as\n$\\alpha$ which defines the shape of the stable Levy distribution. The resulting\nbehavior is characterized by two descriptors: $p$, the probability that the\ntrace self-intersects, and $\\tilde{p}$, the probability that it will approach\narbitrarily close to doing so. Using Dynkin's formula, these descriptors are\nshown to change qualitatively and singularly at critical values of $\\kappa$ and\n$\\alpha$. It is reasonable to call such changes ``phase transitions''. These\ntransitions occur as $\\kappa$ passes through four (a well-known result) and as\n$\\alpha$ passes through one (a new result). Numerical simulations are then used\nto explore the associated touching and near-touching events.",
        "positive": "Criterion for universality class independent critical fluctuations:\n  example of the 2D Ising model: Order parameter fluctuations for the two dimensional Ising model in the\nregion of the critical temperature are presented. A locus of temperatures T*(L)\nand of magnetic fields B*(L) are identified, for which the probability density\nfunction is similar to that for the 2D-XY model in the spin wave\napproximation.The characteristics of the fluctuations along these points are\nlargely independent of universality class. We show that the largest range of\nfluctuations relative to the variance of the distribution occurs along these\nloci of points, rather than at the critical temperature itself and we discuss\nthis observation in terms of intermittency. Our motivation is the\nidentification of a generic form for fluctuations in correlated systems in\naccordance with recent experimental and numerical observations. We conclude\nthat a universality class dependent form for the fluctuations is a\nparticularity of critical phenomena related to the change in symmetry at a\nphase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractal and Multifractal Scaling of Electrical Conduction in Random\n  Resistor Networks: This article is a mini-review about electrical current flows in networks from\nthe perspective of statistical physics. We briefly discuss analytical methods\nto solve the conductance of an arbitrary resistor network. We then turn to\nbasic results related to percolation: namely, the conduction properties of a\nlarge random resistor network as the fraction of resistors is varied. We focus\non how the conductance of such a network vanishes as the percolation threshold\nis approached from above. We also discuss the more microscopic current\ndistribution within each resistor of a large network. At the percolation\nthreshold, this distribution is multifractal in that all moments of this\ndistribution have independent scaling properties. We will discuss the meaning\nof multifractal scaling and its implications for current flows in networks,\nespecially the largest current in the network. Finally, we discuss the relation\nbetween resistor networks and random walks and show how the classic phenomena\nof recurrence and transience of random walks are simply related to the\nconductance of a corresponding electrical network.",
        "positive": "A 1d Traffic Model with Threshold Parameters: The basic properties of traffic flow are analyzed using a simple\ndeterministic one dimensional \"car following model\" with continuous variables\nbased on a model introduced by Nagel and Herrmann [Physica A 199 254--269\n(1993)] including a few modifications. As a first case we investigate the\ncreation and propagation of jams in a platoon generated by a slow leading\nvehicle. In a second case we look at a system with the size L, periodic\nboundary conditions and identical vehicles. A strong dependence on the initial\nconfiguration of the fundamental diagram's shape can be found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical polynomials in the nonplanar and continuum percolation models: Exact or precise thresholds have been intensively studied since the\nintroduction of the percolation model. Recently the critical polynomial $P_{\\rm\nB}(p,L)$ was introduced for planar-lattice percolation models, where $p$ is the\noccupation probability and $L$ is the linear system size. The solution of\n$P_{\\rm B} = 0$ can reproduce all known exact thresholds and leads to\nunprecedented estimates for thresholds of unsolved planar-lattice models. In\ntwo dimensions, assuming the universality of $P_{\\rm B}$, we use it to study a\nnonplanar lattice model, i.e., the equivalent-neighbor lattice bond\npercolation, and the continuum percolation of identical penetrable disks, by\nMonte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling analysis. It is found that, in\ncomparison with other quantities, $P_{\\rm B}$ suffers much less from\nfinite-size corrections. As a result, we obtain a series of high-precision\nthresholds $p_c(z)$ as a function of coordination number $z$ for\nequivalent-neighbor percolation with $z$ up to O$(10^5)$, and clearly confirm\nthe asymptotic behavior $zp_c-1 \\sim 1/\\sqrt{z}$ for $z \\rightarrow \\infty$.\nFor the continuum percolation model, we surprisingly observe that the\nfinite-size correction in $P_{\\rm B}$ is unobservable within uncertainty\nO$(10^{-5})$ as long as $L \\geq 3$. The estimated threshold number density of\ndisks is $\\rho_c = 1.436 325 05(10)$, slightly below the most recent result\n$\\rho_c = 1.436 325 45(8)$ of Mertens and Moore obtained by other means. Our\nwork suggests that the critical polynomial method can be a powerful tool for\nstudying nonplanar and continuum systems in statistical mechanics.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic cost and benefit of memory: This letter exposes a tight connection between the thermodynamic efficiency\nof information processing and predictive inference. A generalized lower bound\non dissipation is derived for partially observable information engines which\nare allowed to use temperature differences. It is shown that the retention of\nirrelevant information limits efficiency. A data representation strategy is\nderived from optimizing a fundamental physical limit to information processing:\nminimizing the lower bound on dissipation leads to a data compression method\nthat maximally retains relevant, predictive, information. In that sense,\npredictive inference emerges as the strategy that least precludes energy\nefficiency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral densities of scale-free networks: The spectral densities of the weighted Laplacian, random walk and weighted\nadjacency matrices associated with a random complex network are studied using\nthe replica method. The link weights are parametrized by a weight exponent\n$\\beta$. Explicit results are obtained for scale-free networks in the limit of\nlarge mean degree after the thermodynamic limit, for arbitrary degree exponent\nand $\\beta$.",
        "positive": "Virial expansion of molecular Brownian motion versus tales of\n  \"statistical independency\": Basing on main principles of statistical mechanics only, an exact virial\nexpansion for path probability distribution of molecular Brownian particle in a\nfluid is derived which connects response of the distribution to perturbations\nof the fluid and statistical correlations of its molecules with Brownian\nparticle. The expansion implies that (i) spatial spread of these correlations\nis finite, (ii) this is inconsistent with Gaussian distribution involved by the\n``molecular chaos'' hypothesis, and (iii) real path distribution possesses\npower-law long tails. This means that actual Brownian path never can be\ndisjointed into statistically independent fragments, even in the Boltzmann-Grad\ngas, but behaves as if Brownian particle's diffusivity undergoes scaleless\nlow-frequency fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "High-precision determination of the critical exponents for the\n  lambda-transition of 4He by improved high-temperature expansion: We determine the critical exponents for the XY universality class in three\ndimensions, which is expected to describe the $\\lambda$-transition in ${}^4$He.\nThey are obtained from the analysis of high-temperature series computed for a\ntwo-component $\\lambda\\phi^4$ model. The parameter $\\lambda$ is fixed such that\nthe leading corrections to scaling vanish. We obtain $\\nu = 0.67166(55)$,\n$\\gamma = 1.3179(11)$, $\\alpha=-0.0150(17)$. These estimates improve previous\ntheoretical determinations and agree with the more precise experimental results\nfor liquid Helium.",
        "positive": "A robust approach to estimating rates from time-correlation functions: While seemingly straightforward in principle, the reliable estimation of rate\nconstants is seldom easy in practice. Numerous issues, such as the complication\nof poor reaction coordinates, cause obvious approaches to yield unreliable\nestimates. When a reliable order parameter is available, the reactive flux\ntheory of Chandler allows the rate constant to be extracted from the plateau\nregion of an appropriate reactive flux function. However, when applied to real\ndata from single-molecule experiments or molecular dynamics simulations, the\nrate can sometimes be difficult to extract due to the numerical differentiation\nof a noisy empirical correlation function or difficulty in locating the plateau\nregion at low sampling frequencies. We present a modified version of this\ntheory which does not require numerical derivatives, allowing rate constants to\nbe robustly estimated from the time-correlation function directly. We compare\nthese approaches using single-molecule force spectroscopy measurements of an\nRNA hairpin."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Becoming Large, Becoming Infinite: The Anatomy of Thermal Physics and\n  Phase Transitions in Finite Systems: This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the anatomy of both\nthermodynamics and statistical mechanics, together with the relationships\nbetween their constituent parts. Based on this analysis, using the\nrenormalization group and finite-size scaling, we give a definition of a large\nbut finite system and argue that phase transitions are represented correctly,\nas incipient singularities in such systems. We describe the role of the\nthermodynamic limit. And we explore the implications of this picture of\ncritical phenomena for the questions of reduction and emergence.",
        "positive": "Least Action Principle for the Real-Time Density Matrix Renormalization\n  Group: A kind of least action principle is introduced for the discrete time\nevolution of one-dimensional quantum lattice models. Based on this principle,\nwe obtain an optimal condition for the matrix product states on succeeding time\nslices generated by the real-time density matrix renormalization group method.\nThis optimization can also be applied to classical simulations of quantum\ncircuits. We discuss the time reversal symmetry in the fully optimized MPS."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Verification of finite bath fluctuation theorem for a non-ergodic system: The analysis of fluctuations generated by a thermal reservoir has produced\nmany results throughout the history of science, ranging from the verification\nof the atomic hypothesis, running through critical phenomena to the most recent\nadvances in the description of non-equilibrium thermodynamic processes.\nMotivated by recent theoretical and experimental works, we analyze the\nnon-equilibrium and equilibrium fluctuations caused by a finite and chaotic\nheat bath in a simple system of interest. Finite bath and system of interest\ngive rise to a non-ergodic composite system when interacting with each other.\nWe have characterized the equilibrium distribution induced by the finite bath\nand numerically verified the finite-bath fluctuation theorem. We have also\nverified the convergence of our results to Crooks' fluctuation theorem as the\nnumber of degrees of freedom of the finite bath increases while the non-ergodic\ncharacter remains.",
        "positive": "Comment on ``Nonuniversal Exponents in Interface Growth'': Recently, Newman and Swift[T. J. Newman and M. R. Swift, Phys. Rev. Lett.\n{\\bf 79}, 2261 (1997)] made an interesting suggestion that the strong-coupling\nexponents of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation may not be universal, but\nrather depend on the precise form of the noise distribution. We show here that\nthe decrease of surface roughness exponents they observed can be attributed to\na percolative effect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster Statistics and Quasisoliton Dynamics in Microscopic\n  Car-following Models: Using the optimal velocity (OV) model as an example, we show that in the\nnon-linear regime there is an emergent quantity that gives the extremum\nheadways in the cluster formation, as well as the coexistence curve separating\nthe absolute stable phase from the metastable phase. This emergent quantity is\nindependent of the density of the traffic lane, and determines an intrinsic\nscale that characterizes the dynamics of localized quasisoliton structures\ngiven by the time derivative of the headways. The intrinsic scale is analogous\nto the \"charge\" of quasisolitons that controls the strength of interaction\nbetween multiple clusters, leading to non-trivial cluster statistics from\nrandom perturbations to initial uniform traffic. The cluster statistics depend\nboth on the charge and the density of the traffic lane; the relationship is\nqualitatively universal for general car-following models.",
        "positive": "Extended Einstein diffusion-mobility equation for two-dimensional\n  Schr\u00f6dinger-type quantum materials: We present the exact analytical equation of diffusion-mobility for\ntwo-dimensional (2D) Schr\\\"odinger type transport systems, from molecules to\nmaterials. The density of electronic states in such Schr\\\"odinger systems\npertains to the 2D non-relativistic carrier dynamics. We implement the Gaussian\nfunction into carrier density derivation; accordingly we develop the electronic\ncompressibility and diffusion-mobility for both the generic and the degenerate\nFermi systems. This model is originally developed from generalized Einstein\nrelation, along with concern about the thermodynamic effects on many-body\ninteractions. The effect of interactions is included through the imperfect\nFermi-gas entropy function. Our extended model explains the cooperative\nbehavior of thermal and electronic counterparts on diffusion-mobility in\ndisordered systems at wide temperature range. Using earlier experimental and\ntheoretical results, we have shown the validity of our extended Einstein model\nfor different 2D degenerate systems. The results validate the original Einstein\nequation at certain sets of temperature and chemical potential values for\ndifferent Gaussian variances. Beyond those combinations, the deviation is\nobserved. At very low temperature, the diffusion-mobility depends only on\nchemical potential, which is the extended Einstein equation for ideal quantum\nmaterials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information Thermodynamics of Turing Patterns: We set up a rigorous thermodynamic description of reaction-diffusion systems\ndriven out of equilibrium by time-dependent space-distributed chemostats.\nBuilding on the assumption of local equilibrium, nonequilibrium thermodynamic\npotentials are constructed exploiting the symmetries of the chemical network\ntopology. It is shown that the canonical (resp. semigrand canonical)\nnonequilibrium free energy works as a Lyapunov function in the relaxation to\nequilibrium of a closed (resp. open) system and its variation provides the\nminimum amount of work needed to manipulate the species concentrations. The\ntheory is used to study analytically the Turing pattern formation in a\nprototypical reaction-diffusion system, the one-dimensional Brusselator model,\nand to classify it as a genuine thermodynamic nonequilibrium phase transition.",
        "positive": "Identifying 'Island-Mainland' phase transition using the Euler number: In the present communication we describe the Island-Mainland transition,\noccurring in a square lattice, when black squares are randomly dropped on a\nwhite background. Initially clusters of black squares are observed on the\nconnected white background. But as concentration of black sites increases, at\nsome point the black squares join to form a single continuous black background\nwith white clusters randomly scattered in it. We show that the minimum in the\nEuler number, defined as the difference between number of white clusters and\nnumber of black clusters, reaches a minimum at this point.\n  This occurs at a concentration higher than the well-known percolation phase\ntransition and we show that the phenomenon can be related to experimental\nobservations in several physical systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin-density-wave order in cuprates: We study the nature of the two-dimensional quantum critical point separating\ntwo phases with and without long-range spin-density-wave order, which has been\nrecently observed in cuprate superconductors. We consider the\nLandau-Ginzburg-Wilson Hamiltonian associated with the spin-density critical\nmodes, perform a mean-field analysis of the phase diagram, and study the\ncorresponding renormalization-group flow in two different perturbative schemes\nat five and six loops, respectively. The analysis supports the existence of a\nstable fixed point in the full theory whose basin of attraction includes\nsystems with collinear spin-density-wave order, as observed in experiments. The\nstable fixed point is characterized by an enlarged O(4)xO(3) symmetry. The\ncontinuous transition observed in experiments is expected to belong to this\nuniversality class. The corresponding critical exponents are nu = 0.9(2) and\neta = 0.15(10).",
        "positive": "Biaxial nematic phase in the Maier-Saupe model for a mixture of discs\n  and cylinders: We analyze the global phase diagram of a Maier-Saupe lattice model with the\ninclusion of disorder degrees of freedom to mimic a mixture of oblate and\nprolate molecules (discs and cylinders). In the neighborhood of a Landau\nmulticritical point, solutions of the statistical problem can be written as a\nLandau-de Gennes expansion for the free energy. If the disorder degrees of\nfreedom are quenched, we confirm the existence of a biaxial nematic strucure.\nIf orientational and disorder degrees of freedom are allowed to thermalize,\nthis biaxial solution becomes thermodynamically unstable. Also, we use a\ntwo-temperature formalism to mimic the presence of two distinct relaxation\ntimes, and show that a slight departure from complete thermalization is enough\nto stabilize a biaxial nematic phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Irreversible thermodynamics of thermoelectric devices: From local\n  framework to global description: Thermoelectricity is traditionally explained via Onsager's irreversible,\nflux-force framework. The coupled flows of heat and electric charge are\nmodelled as steady-state flows, driven by the thermodynamic forces defined in\nterms of the gradients of local, intensive parameters like temperature and\nelectrochemical potential. A thermoelectric generator is a device with a finite\nextension, and its performance is measured in terms of total power output and\ntotal entropy generation. These global quantities are naturally expressed in\nterms of discrete or global forces derived from their local counterparts. We\nanalyze the thermodynamics of thermoelectricity in terms of global flux-force\nrelations. These relations clearly show the additional quadratic dependence of\nthe driver flux on global forces, corresponding to the process of Joule\nheating. We discuss the global kinetic coefficients defined by these flux-force\nrelations and prove that the equality of the global cross-coefficients is\nderived from a similar property of the local coefficients. Finally, we clarify\nthe differences between the global framework for thermoelectric energy\nconversion and the recently proposed minimally nonlinear irreversible\nthermodynamic model.",
        "positive": "A fast Monte Carlo algorithm for site or bond percolation: We describe in detail a new and highly efficient algorithm for studying site\nor bond percolation on any lattice. The algorithm can measure an observable\nquantity in a percolation system for all values of the site or bond occupation\nprobability from zero to one in an amount of time which scales linearly with\nthe size of the system. We demonstrate our algorithm by using it to investigate\na number of issues in percolation theory, including the position of the\npercolation transition for site percolation on the square lattice, the\nstretched exponential behavior of spanning probabilities away from the critical\npoint, and the size of the giant component for site percolation on random\ngraphs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Liquid-liquid phase transitions in supercooled water studied by computer\n  simulations of various water models: Liquid-liquid and liquid-vapor coexistence regions of various water models\nwere determined by MC simulations of isotherms of density fluctuation\nrestricted systems and by Gibbs ensemble MC simulations. All studied water\nmodels show multiple liquid-liquid phase transitions in the supercooled region:\nwe observe two transitions of the TIP4P, TIP5P and SPCE model and three\ntransitions of the ST2 model. The location of these phase transitions with\nrespect to the liquid-vapor coexistence curve and the glass temperature is\nhighly sensitive to the water model and its implementation. We suggest, that\nthe apparent thermodynamic singularity of real liquid water in the supercooled\nregion at about 228 K is caused by an approach to the spinodal of the first\n(lowest density) liquid-liquid phase transition. The well known density maximum\nof liquid water at 277 K is related to the second liquid-liquid phase\ntransition, which is located at positive pressures with a critical point close\nto the maximum. A possible order parameter and the universality class of\nliquid-liquid phase transitions in one-component fluids is discussed.",
        "positive": "Fluctuations in the relaxation dynamics of mixed chaotic systems: The relaxation dynamics in mixed chaotic systems are believed to decay\nalgebraically with a universal decay exponent that emerges from the\nhierarchical structure of the phase space. Numerical studies, however, yield a\nvariety of values for this exponent. In order to reconcile these result we\nconsider an ensemble of mixed chaotic systems approximated by rate equations,\nand analyze the fluctuations in the distribution of Poincare recurrence times.\nOur analysis shows that the behavior of these fluctuations, as function of\ntime, implies a very slow convergence of the decay exponent of the relaxation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A brief history of the introduction of generalized ensembles to Markov\n  chain Monte Carlo simulations: The most efficient weights for Markov chain Monte Carlo calculations of\nphysical observables are not necessarily those of the canonical ensemble.\nGeneralized ensembles, which do not exist in nature but can be simulated on\ncomputers, lead often to a much faster convergence. In particular, they have\nbeen used for simulations of first order phase transitions and for simulations\nof complex systems in which conflicting constraints lead to a rugged free\nenergy landscape. Starting off with the Metropolis algorithm and Hastings'\nextension, I present a mini review which focuses on the explosive use of\ngeneralized ensembles in the early 1990s. Illustrations are given, which range\nfrom spin models to peptides.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Selection of Critical Exponents: In renormalized field theories there are in general one or few fixed points\nwhich are accessible by the renormalization-group flow. They can be identified\nfrom the fixed-point equations. Exceptionally, an infinite family of fixed\npoints exists, parameterized by a scaling exponent $\\zeta$, itself function of\na non-renormalizing parameter. Here we report a different scenario with an\ninfinite family of fixed points of which seemingly only one is chosen by the\nrenormalization-group flow. This dynamical selection takes place in systems\nwith an attractive interaction ${\\cal V}(\\phi)$, as in standard $\\phi^4$\ntheory, but where the potential $\\cal V$ at large $\\phi$ goes to zero, as e.g.\nthe attraction by a defect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A thermodynamic uncertainty relation for a system with memory: We introduce an example of thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) for\nsystems modeled by a one-dimensional generalised Langevin dynamics with memory,\ndetermining the motion of a micro-bead driven in a complex fluid. Contrary to\nTURs typically discussed in the previous years, our observables and the entropy\nproduction rate are one-time variables. The bound to the signal-to-noise ratio\nof such state-dependent observables only in some cases can be mapped to the\nentropy production rate. For example, this is true in Markovian systems. Hence,\nthe presence of memory in the system complicates the thermodynamic\ninterpretation of the uncertainty relation.",
        "positive": "Oxygen-covered tungsten crystal shape: time effects, equilibrium,\n  surface energy and the edge-rounding temperature: The equilibrium crystal shape (ECS) of oxygen-covered tungsten micricrystal\nis studied as a function of temperature. The specially designed ultrafast\ncrystal quenching setup with the cooling rate of 6000 K/s allows to draw\nconclusions about ECS at high temperatures. The edge-rounding transition is\nshown to occur between 1300 K and 1430 K. The ratio of surface free energies\n$\\gamma(111)/\\gamma(211)$ is determined as a function of temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviations of a tracer position in the dense and the dilute limits\n  of a single-file diffusion: We apply the macroscopic fluctuation theory to analyze the long-time\nstatistics of the position of a tracer in the dense and the dilute limits of\ndiffusive single-file systems. Our explicit results are about the corresponding\nlarge deviation functions for an initial step density profile with the\nfluctuating (annealed) and the fixed (quenched) initial conditions. These\nhydrodynamic results are applicable for a general single-file system and they\nconfirm recent exact results obtained by microscopic solutions for specific\nmodel systems.",
        "positive": "A practical method to estimate the condensate fraction of interacting\n  and trapped Bose atoms: We suggest a practical way to estimate the condensate fraction of an\ninteracting dilute Bose gas confined by an external harmonic potential as a\nfunction of temperature and scattering length. It shows that an increase of the\nscattering length produces an exponential decrease of condensate fraction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interacting Brownian dynamics in a nonequilibrium particle bath: We set up a mesoscopic theory for interacting Brownian particles embedded in\na nonequilibrium environment, starting from the microscopic interacting\nmany-body theory. Using nonequilibrium linear response theory, we characterize\nthe effective dynamical interactions on the mesoscopic scale and the statistics\nof the nonequilibrium environmental noise, arising upon integrating out the\nfast degrees of freedom. As hallmarks of nonequilibrium, the breakdown of the\nfluctuation-dissipation and action-reaction relations for Brownian degrees of\nfreedom are exemplified with two prototypical models for the environment,\nnamely, active Brownian particles and stirred colloids.",
        "positive": "Relaxation in a perfect funnel: We have exactly solved the relaxational dynamics of a model protein which\npossesses a kinetically perfect funnel-like energy landscape. We find that the\ndependence of the relaxation time, $\\tau$, on the density of states (DOS) and\nthe energy level spacing distributions of the model displays several main types\nof behavior depending on the temperature $T$. This allows us to identify\npossible generic features of the relaxation. For some ranges of $T$, $\\tau$ is\ninsensitive to the density of states; for intermediate values of $T$ it depends\non the energy level spacing distribution rather than on the DOS directly, and\nit becomes gradually more dependent on DOS with increasing temperature;\nfinally, the relaxation can also be determined exclusively by the presence of a\ndeep gap in the energy spectrum rather than by the detailed features of the\ndensity of states. We found that the behavior of $\\tau$ crucially depends on\nthe degeneracy of the energy spectrum. For the special case of exponentially\nincreasing degeneracy, we were able to identify a characteristic temperature\nwhich roughly separates the relaxational regimes controlled by energetics and\nby entropy, respectively. Finally, the validity of our theory is discussed when\nroughness of energy landscape is added."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic time asymmetry in nonequilibrium fluctuations: We here present the complete analysis of experiments on driven Brownian\nmotion and electric noise in a $RC$ circuit, showing that thermodynamic entropy\nproduction can be related to the breaking of time-reversal symmetry in the\nstatistical description of these nonequilibrium systems. The symmetry breaking\ncan be expressed in terms of dynamical entropies per unit time, one for the\nforward process and the other for the time-reversed process. These entropies\nper unit time characterize dynamical randomness, i.e., temporal disorder, in\ntime series of the nonequilibrium fluctuations. Their difference gives the\nwell-known thermodynamic entropy production, which thus finds its origin in the\ntime asymmetry of dynamical randomness, alias temporal disorder, in systems\ndriven out of equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Free energy and entropy production rate for a Brownian particle that\n  walks on overdamped medium: We derive general expressions for the free energy, entropy production and\nentropy extraction rates for a Brownian particle that walks in a viscous medium\nwhere the dynamics of its motion is governed by the Langevin equation. It is\nshown that when the system is out of equilibrium, it constantly produces\nentropy and at the same time extracts entropy out of the system. Its entropy\nproduction and extraction rates decrease in time and saturate to a constant\nvalue. In long time limit, the rate of entropy production balances the rate of\nentropy extraction and at equilibrium both entropy production and extraction\nrates become zero. Moreover, considering different model systems, not only we\ninvestigate how various thermodynamic quantities behave in time but also we\ndiscuss the fluctuation theorem in detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unified Treatment of Quantum Fluctuation Theorem and Jarzynski Equality\n  in Terms of microscopic reversibility: There are two related theorems which hold even in far from equilibrium,\nnamely fluctuation theorem and Jarzynski equality. Fluctuation theorem states\nthe existence of symmetry of fluctuation of entropy production, while Jarzynski\nequality enables us to estimate the free energy change between two states by\nusing irreversible processes. On the other hand, relationship between these\ntheorems was investigated by Crooks for the classical stochastic systems. In\nthis letter, we derive quantum analogues of fluctuation theorem and Jarzynski\nequality microscopic reversibility condition. In other words, the quantum\nanalogue of the work by Crooks is presented.",
        "positive": "Nonperturbative functional renormalization-group approach to the\n  sine-Gordon model and the Lukyanov-Zamolodchikov conjecture: We study the quantum sine-Gordon model within a nonperturbative functional\nrenormalization-group approach (FRG). This approach is benchmarked by comparing\nour findings for the soliton and lightest breather (soliton-antisoliton bound\nstate) masses to exact results. We then examine the validity of the\nLukyanov-Zamolodchikov conjecture for the expectation value $\\langle\ne^{\\frac{i}{2}n\\beta\\varphi}\\rangle$ of the exponential fields in the massive\nphase ($n$ is integer and $2\\pi/\\beta$ denotes the periodicity of the potential\nin the sine-Gordon model). We find that the minimum of the relative and\nabsolute disagreements between the FRG results and the conjecture is smaller\nthan 0.01."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pattern formation in flocking models: A hydrodynamic description: We study in detail the hydrodynamic theories describing the transition to\ncollective motion in polar active matter, exemplified by the Vicsek and active\nIsing models. Using a simple phenomenological theory, we show the existence of\nan infinity of propagative solutions, describing both phase and microphase\nseparation, that we fully characterize. We also show that the same results hold\nspecifically in the hydrodynamic equations derived in the literature for the\nactive Ising model and for a simplified version of the Vicsek model. We then\nstudy numerically the linear stability of these solutions. We show that stable\nones constitute only a small fraction of them, which however includes all\nexisting types. We further argue that in practice, a coarsening mechanism leads\ntowards phase-separated solutions. Finally, we construct the phase diagrams of\nthe hydrodynamic equations proposed to qualitatively describe the Vicsek and\nactive Ising models and connect our results to the phenomenology of the\ncorresponding microscopic models.",
        "positive": "Instabilities of Time-averaged Configurations in Thermal Glasses: In amorphous solids at finite temperatures the particles follow chaotic\ntrajectories which, at temperatures sufficiently lower than the glass\ntransition, are trapped in \"cages\". Averaging their positions for times shorter\nthan the diffusion time, one can define a time-averaged configuration. Under\nstrain or stress, these {\\em average} configurations undergo sharp plastic\ninstabilities. In athermal glasses the understanding of plastic instabilities\nis furnished by the Hessian matrix, its eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Here we\npropose an uplifting of Hessian methods to thermal glasses, with the aim of\nunderstanding the plastic responses in the time-averaged configuration. We\ndiscuss a number of potential definitions of Hessians and identify which of\nthese can provide eigenvalues and eigenfunctions which can explain and predict\nthe instabilities of the time-averaged configurations. The conclusion is that\nthe non-affine changes in the average configurations during an instability is\naccurately predicted by the eigenfunctions of the low-lying eigenvalues of the\nchosen Hessian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal work extraction and mutual information in a generalized\n  Szil\u00e1rd engine: A 1929 Gedankenexperiment proposed by Szil\\'ard, often referred to as\n\"Szil\\'ard's engine\", has served as a foundation for computing fundamental\nthermodynamic bounds to information processing. While Szil\\'ard's original box\ncould be partitioned into two halves and contains one gas molecule, we\ncalculate here the maximal average work that can be extracted in a system with\n$N$ particles and $q$ partitions, given an observer which counts the molecules\nin each partition, and given a work extraction mechanism that is limited to\npressure equalization. We find that the average extracted work is proportional\nto the mutual information between the one-particle position and the vector\ncontaining the counts of how many particles are in each partition. We optimize\nthis quantity over the initial locations of the dividing walls, and find that\nthere exists a critical number of particles $N^{\\star}(q)$ below which the\nextracted work is maximized by a symmetric configuration of the $q$ partitions,\nand above which the optimal partitioning is asymmetric. Overall, the average\nextracted work is maximized for a number of particles\n$\\hat{N}(q)<N^{\\star}(q)$, with a symmetric partition. We calculate asymptotic\nvalues for $N\\rightarrow \\infty$.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamically admissible form for discrete hydrodynamics: We construct a discrete model of fluid particles according to the GENERIC\nformalism. The model has the form of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics including\ncorrect thermal fluctuations. A slight variation of the model reproduces the\nDissipative Particle Dynamics model with any desired thermodynamic behavior.\nThe resulting algorithm has the following properties: mass, momentum and energy\nare conserved, entropy is a non-decreasing function of time and the thermal\nfluctuations produce the correct Einstein distribution function at equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal dissipation in two dimensional relativistic Fermi gases with a\n  relaxation time model: The thermal transport properties of a two dimensional Fermi gas are explored,\nfor the full range of temperatures and densities. The heat flux is established\nby solving the Uehling-Uhlebeck equation using a relaxation approximation given\nby Marle's collisional kernel and considering the temperature and chemical\npotential gradients as independent thermodynamic forces. It is shown that the\ncorresponding transport coefficients are proportional to each other, which\nleads to the possibility of defining a generalized thermal force and a single\ntransport coefficient. The behavior of such conductivity with the temperature\nand chemical potential is analyzed and a discussion on its dependence with the\nrelaxation parameter is also included. The relevance and applications of the\nresults are briefly addressed.",
        "positive": "Surface in statistical ensembles: The present contribution deals with surface terms appearing immediately in\ndistributions and partition functions of statistical ensembles. It is shown\nthat all ensembles under study, including ordinary canonical and grand\ncanonical ensembles, involve surface terms. For a canonical ensemble both\nsurface and volume terms correspond to a closed system. For a grand canonical\nensemble the volume term corresponds to an open system, while the surface one -\nto a closed one. Finally, for the recently introduced open statistical ensemble\nthe specific feature of which is the consideration of some surrounding region\nboth volume and surface terms correspond to an open system.\n  In conclusion, surface particles at solid/fluid boundary are interpreted as\nparticles corresponding to number density oscillations near the surface; this\ncompletely agrees with the earlier introduced concept of surface tension at\nsuch a boundary."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Trajectory stratification of stochastic dynamics: We present a general mathematical framework for trajectory stratification for\nsimulating rare events. Trajectory stratification involves decomposing\ntrajectories of the underlying process into fragments limited to restricted\nregions of state space (strata), computing averages over the distributions of\nthe trajectory fragments within the strata with minimal communication between\nthem, and combining those averages with appropriate weights to yield averages\nwith respect to the original underlying process. Our framework reveals the full\ngenerality and flexibility of trajectory stratification, and it illuminates a\ncommon mathematical structure shared by existing algorithms for sampling rare\nevents. We demonstrate the power of the framework by defining strata in terms\nof both points in time and path-dependent variables for efficiently estimating\naverages that were not previously tractable.",
        "positive": "Analytic solution of the fractional advection diffusion equation for the\n  time-of-flight experiment in a finite geometry: A general analytic solution to the fractional advection diffusion equation is\nobtained in plane parallel geometry. The result is an infinite series of\nspatial Fourier modes which decay according to the Mittag-Leffler function,\nwhich is cast into a simple closed form expression in Laplace space using the\nPoisson summation theorem. An analytic expression for the current measured in a\ntime-of-flight experiment is derived, and the sum of the slopes of the two\nrespective time regimes on logarithmic axes is demonstrated to be -2, in\nagreement with the well known result for a continuous time random walk model.\nThe sensitivity of current and particle number density to variation of\nexperimentally controlled parameters is investigated in general, and the\nresults applied to analyze selected experimental data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Green-Function-Based Monte Carlo Method for Classical Fields Coupled to\n  Fermions: Microscopic models of classical degrees of freedom coupled to non-interacting\nfermions occur in many different contexts. Prominent examples from solid state\nphysics are descriptions of colossal magnetoresistance manganites and diluted\nmagnetic semiconductors, or auxiliary field methods for correlated electron\nsystems. Monte Carlo simulations are vital for an understanding of such\nsystems, but notorious for requiring the solution of the fermion problem with\neach change in the classical field configuration. We present an efficient,\ntruncation-free O(N) method on the basis of Chebyshev expanded local Green\nfunctions, which allows us to simulate systems of unprecedented size N.",
        "positive": "Helices in the wake of precipitation fronts: A theoretical study of the emergence of helices in the wake of precipitation\nfronts is presented. The precipitation dynamics is described by the\nCahn-Hilliard equation and the fronts are obtained by quenching the system into\na linearly unstable state. Confining the process onto the surface of a cylinder\nand using the pulled-front formalism, our analytical calculations show that\nthere are front solutions that propagate into the unstable state and leave\nbehind a helical structure. We find that helical patterns emerge only if the\nradius of the cylinder R is larger than a critical value R>R_c, in agreement\nwith recent experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Subdiffusion, Anomalous Diffusion and Propagation of a Particle Moving\n  in Random and Periodic Media: We investigate the motion of a single particle moving on a two-dimensional\nsquare lattice whose sites are occupied by right and left rotators. These left\nand right rotators deterministically rotate the particle's velocity to the\nright or left, respectively and \\emph{flip} orientation from right to left or\nfrom left to right after scattering the particle. We study three types of\nconfigurations of left and right rotators, which we think of as types of media,\nthrough with the particle moves. These are completely random (CR), random\nperiodic (RP), and completely periodic (CP) configurations. For CR\nconfigurations the particle's dynamics depends on the ratio $r$ of right to\nleft scatterers in the following way. For small $r\\simeq0$, when the\nconfiguration is nearly homogeneous, the particle subdiffuses with an exponent\nof 2/3, similar to the diffusion of a macromolecule in a crowded environment.\nAlso, the particle's trajectory has a fractal dimension of $d_f\\simeq4/3$,\ncomparable to that of a self-avoiding walk. As the ratio increases to $r\\simeq\n1$, the particle's dynamics transitions from subdiffusion to anomalous\ndiffusion with a fractal dimension of $d_f\\simeq 7/4$, similar to that of a\npercolating cluster in 2-d. In RP configurations, which are more structured\nthan CR configurations but also randomly generated, we find that the particle\nhas the same statistic as in the CR case. In contrast, CP configurations, which\nare highly structured, typically will cause the particle to go through a\ntransient stage of subdiffusion, which then abruptly changes to propagation.\nInterestingly, the subdiffusive stage has an exponent of approximately 2/3 and\na fractal dimension of $d_f\\simeq4/3$, similar to the case of CR and RP\nconfigurations for small $r$.",
        "positive": "Theory of decay of superfluid turbulence in the low-temperature limit: We review the theory of relaxational kinetics of superfluid turbulence--a\ntangle of quantized vortex lines--in the limit of very low temperatures when\nthe motion of vortices is conservative. While certain important aspects of the\ndecay depend on whether the tangle is non-structured, like the one in the\nKibble-Zurek picture, or essentially polarized, like the one that emulates the\nRichardson-Kolmogorov regime of classical turbulence, there are common\nfundamental features. In both cases, there exists an asymptotic range in the\nwavenumber space where the energy flux is supported by the cascade of Kelvin\nwaves (kelvons)--precessing distortions propagating along the vortex filaments.\nAt large enough wavenumbers, the Kelvin-wave cascade is supported by\nthree-kelvon elastic scattering. At T=0 the dissipative cutoff of the\nKelvin-wave cascade is due to the emission of phonons, in which an elementary\nprocess converts two kelvons with almost opposite momenta into one bulk phonon.\nAlong with the standard set of conservation laws, a crucial role in the theory\nis played by the fact of integrability of the local induction approximation\n(LIA) controlled by the parameter \\Lambda = \\ln (\\lambda/a_0), with \\lambda the\ncharacteristic kelvon wavelength and a_0 the vortex core radius. While\nexcluding a straightforward onset of the pure three-kelvon cascade, the\nintegrability of LIA does not plug the cascade because of the availability of\nthe kinetic channels associated with vortex line reconnections. We argue that\nthe crossover from Richardson-Kolmogorov to the Kelvin-wave cascade is due to\neventual dominance of local induction of a single line over the collective\ninduction of polarized eddies, which causes the breakdown of classical-fluid\nregime and gives rise to a reconnection-driven inertial range."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Behavior of the Contact Process with Aging: The effect of power-law aging on a contact process is studied by simulation\nand using a mean-field approach. We find that the system may approach its\nstationary state in a nontrivial, nonmonotonous way. For the particular value\nof the aging exponent, $\\alpha=1$, we observe a rich set of behaviors:\ndepending on the process parameters, the relaxation to the stationary state\nproceeds as $1/\\ln t$ or via a power law with a nonuniversal exponent.\nSimulation results suggest that for $0<\\alpha<1$, the absorbing-state phase\ntransition is in the universality class of directed percolation.",
        "positive": "Confined disordered strictly jammed binary sphere packings: Disordered jammed packings under confinement have received considerably less\nattention than their \\textit{bulk} counterparts and yet arise in a variety of\npractical situations. In this work, we study binary sphere packings that are\nconfined between two parallel hard planes, and generalize the Torquato-Jiao\n(TJ) sequential linear programming algorithm [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 82}, 061302\n(2010)] to obtain putative maximally random jammed (MRJ) packings that are\nexactly isostatic with high fidelity over a large range of plane separation\ndistances $H$, small to large sphere radius ratio $\\alpha$ and small sphere\nrelative concentration $x$. We find that packing characteristics can be\nsubstantially different from their bulk analogs, which is due to what we term\n\"confinement frustration\". Rattlers in confined packings are generally more\nprevalent than those in their bulk counterparts. We observe that packing\nfraction, rattler fraction and degree of disorder of MRJ packings generally\nincrease with $H$, though exceptions exist. Discontinuities in the packing\ncharacteristics as $H$ varies in the vicinity of certain values of $H$ are due\nto associated discontinuous transitions between different jammed states. We\nalso apply the local volume-fraction variance $\\sigma_{\\tau}^2(R)$ to\ncharacterize confined packings and find that these packings possess essentially\nthe same level of hyperuniformity as their bulk counterparts. Our findings are\ngenerally relevant to confined packings that arise in biology (e.g., structural\ncolor in birds and insects) and may have implications for the creation of\nhigh-density powders and improved battery designs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First passage time for random walks in heterogeneous networks: The first passage time (FPT) for random walks is a key indicator of how fast\ninformation diffuses in a given system. Despite the role of FPT as a\nfundamental feature in transport phenomena, its behavior, particularly in\nheterogeneous networks, is not yet fully understood. Here, we study, both\nanalytically and numerically, the scaling behavior of the FPT distribution to a\ngiven target node, averaged over all starting nodes. We find that random walks\narrive quickly at a local hub, and therefore, the FPT distribution shows a\ncrossover with respect to time from fast decay behavior (induced from the\nattractive effect to the hub) to slow decay behavior (caused by the exploring\nof the entire system). Moreover, the mean FPT is independent of the degree of\nthe target node in the case of compact exploration. These theoretical results\njustify the necessity of using a random jump protocol (empirically used in\nsearch engines) and provide guidelines for designing an effective network to\nmake information quickly accessible.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium path-ensemble averages for symmetric protocols: According to the nonequilibrium work relations, path-ensembles generated by\nirreversible processes in which a system is driven out of equilibrium according\nto a predetermined protocol may be used to compute equilibrium free energy\ndifferences and expectation values. Estimation has previously been improved by\nconsidering data collected from the reverse process, which starts in\nequilibrium in the final thermodynamic state of the forward process and is\ndriven according to the time-reversed protocol. Here, we develop a\ntheoretically rigorous statistical estimator for nonequilibrium path-ensemble\naverages specialized for symmetric protocols, in which forward and reverse\nprocesses are identical. The estimator is tested with a number of model\nsystems: a symmetric 1D potential, an asymmetric 1D potential, the unfolding of\ndeca-alanine, separating a host-guest system, and translocating a potassium ion\nthrough a gramicidin A ion channel. When reconstructing free energies using\ndata from symmetric protocols, the new estimator outperforms existing rigorous\nunidirectional and bidirectional estimators, converging more quickly and\nresulting in smaller error. However, in most cases, using the bidirectional\nestimator with data from a forward and reverse pair of asymmetric protocols\noutperforms the corresponding symmetric protocol and estimator with the same\namount of simulation time. Hence, the new estimator is only recommended when\nthe bidirectional estimator is not feasible or is expected to perform poorly.\nThe symmetric estimator has similar performance to a unidirectional protocol of\nhalf the length and twice the number of trajectories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mappings between reaction-diffusion and kinetically constrained systems:\n  A+A <-> A and the FA model have upper critical dimension d_c=2: We present an exact mapping between two simple spin models: the\nFredrickson-Andersen (FA) model and a model of annihilating random walks with\nspontaneous creation from the vacuum, A+A <-> 0. We discuss the geometric\nstructure of the mapping and its consequences for symmetries of the models.\nHence we are able to show that the upper critical dimension of the FA model is\ntwo, and that critical exponents are known exactly in all dimensions. These\nconclusions also generalise to a mapping between A+A <-> 0 and the\nreaction-diffusion system in which the reactions are branching and coagulation,\nA+A <-> A. We discuss the relation of our analysis to earlier work, and explain\nwhy the models considered do not fall into the directed percolation\nuniversality class.",
        "positive": "Power-law Decay and the Ergodic-Nonergodic Transition in Simple Fluids: It is well known that mode coupling theory (MCT) leads to a two step\npower-law time decay in dense simple fluids. We show that much of the\nmathematical machinery used in the MCT analysis can be taken over to the\nanalysis of the systematic theory developed in the Fundamental Theory of\nStatistical Particle Dynamics (arXiv:0905.4904). We show how the power-law\nexponents can be computed in the second-order approximation where we treat\nhard-sphere fluids with statics described by the Percus-Yevick solution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Traffic Fluctuations on Weighted Networks: Traffic fluctuation has so far been studied on unweighted networks. However\nmany real traffic systems are better represented as weighted networks, where\nnodes and links are assigned a weight value representing their physical\nproperties such as capacity and delay. Here we introduce a general random\ndiffusion (GRD) model to investigate the traffic fluctuation in weighted\nnetworks, where a random walk's choice of route is affected not only by the\nnumber of links a node has, but also by the weight of individual links. We\nobtain analytical solutions that characterise the relation between the average\ntraffic and the fluctuation through nodes and links. Our analysis is supported\nby the results of numerical simulations. We observe that the value ranges of\nthe average traffic and the fluctuation, through nodes or links, increase\ndramatically with the level of heterogeneity in link weight. This highlights\nthe key role that link weight plays in traffic fluctuation and the necessity to\nstudy traffic fluctuation on weighted networks.",
        "positive": "Anisotropy-Induced Spin Parity Effects: Spin parity effects refer to those special situations where a dichotomy in\nthe physical behavior of a system arises, solely depending on whether the\nrelevant spin quantum number is integral or half-odd integral. As is the case\nwith the Haldane conjecture in antiferromagnetic spin chains, their pursuit\noften derives deep insights and invokes new developments in quantum condensed\nmatter physics. Here we put forth a simple and general scheme for generating\nsuch effects in any spatial dimension through the use of anisotropic\ninteractions, and a setup within reasonable reach of state-of-the-art cold-atom\nimplementations. We demonstrate its utility through a detailed analysis of the\nmagnetization behavior of a specific one-dimensional spin chain model -- an\nanisotropic antiferromagnet in a transverse magnetic field, unraveling along\nthe way the quantum origin of finite-size effects observed in the magnetization\ncurve that had previously been noted but not clearly understood."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Competition of many searchers: First passage times (FPTs) are often used to study timescales in physical,\nchemical, and biological processes. FPTs generically describe the time it takes\na random \"searcher\" to find a \"target.\" In many systems, the important\ntimescale is not the time it takes a single searcher to find a target, but\nrather the time it takes the fastest searcher out of many searchers to find a\ntarget. Such fastest FPTs or extreme FPTs result from many searchers competing\nto find the target and differ markedly from FPTs of single searchers. In this\nchapter, we review recent results on fastest FPTs. We show how fastest FPTs\ndepend on the mode of stochastic search (including search by diffusion,\nsubdiffusion, superdiffusion, and discrete jumps), the initial searcher\ndistribution, and properties of the spatial domain.",
        "positive": "Stationary distributions of a noisy logistic process: Stationary solutions to a Fokker-Planck equation corresponding to a noisy\nlogistic equation with correlated Gaussian white noises are constructed.\nStationary distributions exist even if the corresponding deterministic system\ndisplays an unlimited growth. Positive correlations between the noises can lead\nto a minimum of the variance of the process and to the stochastic resonance if\nthe system is additionally driven by a periodic signal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Force-induced dispersion in heterogeneous media: The effect of a constant applied external force, induced for instance by an\nelectric or gravitational field, on the dispersion of Brownian particles in\nperiodic media with spatially varying diffusivity, and thus mobility, is\nstudied. We show that external forces can greatly enhance dispersion in the\ndirection of the applied force and also modify, to a lesser extent and in some\ncases non-monotonically, dispersion perpendicular to the applied force. Our\nresults thus open up the intriguing possibility of modulating the dispersive\nproperties of heterogeneous media by using externally applied force fields.\nThese results are obtained via a Kubo formula which can be applied to any\nperiodic advection diffusion system in any spatial dimension.",
        "positive": "Levy stable two-sided distributions: exact and explicit densities for\n  asymmetric case: We study the one-dimensional Levy stable density distributions g(alpha, beta;\nx) for -infty < x < infty, for rational values of index alpha and the asymmetry\nparameter beta: alpha = l/k and beta = (l - 2r)/k, where l, k and r are\npositive integers such that 0 < l/k < 1 for 0 <= r <= l and 1 < l/k <= 2 for\nl-k <= r <= k. We treat both symmetric (beta = 0) and asymmetric (beta neq 0)\ncases. We furnish exact and explicit forms of g(alpha, beta; x) in terms of\nknown functions for any admissible values of alpha and beta specified by a\ntriple of integers k, l and r. We reproduce all the previously known exact\nresults and we study analytically and graphically many new examples. We point\nout instances of experimental and statistical data that could be described by\nour solutions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Population dynamics method with a multi-canonical feedback control: We discuss the Giardin\\`a-Kurchan-Peliti population dynamics method for\nevaluating large deviations of time averaged quantities in Markov processes\n[Phys. Rev. Lett. \\textbf{96}, 120603 (2006)]. This method exhibits systematic\nerrors which can be large in some circumstances, particularly for systems with\nweak noise, with many degrees of freedom, or close to dynamical phase\ntransitions. We show how these errors can be mitigated by introducing control\nforces within the algorithm. These forces are determined by an\niteration-and-feedback scheme, inspired by multicanonical methods in\nequilibrium sampling. We demonstrate substantially improved results in a simple\nmodel and we discuss potential applications to more complex systems.",
        "positive": "Space-time phase transitions in the East model with a softened kinetic\n  constraint: The East model has a dynamical phase transition between an active (fluid) and\ninactive (glass) state. We show that this phase transition generalizes to\n\"softened\" systems where constraint violations are allowed with small but\nfinite probabilities. Moreover, we show that the first order coexistence line\nseparating the active and inactive phases terminates in a finite-temperature\nspace-time critical point. Implications of these results for equilibrium\ndynamics are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Run-and-tumble particles on a line with a fertile site: We propose a model of run-and-tumble particles (RTPs) on a line with a\nfertile site at the origin. After going through the fertile site, a\nrun-and-tumble particle gives rise to new particles until it flips direction.\nThe process of creation of new particles is modelled by a fertility function\n(of the distance to the fertile site), multiplied by a fertility rate. If the\ninitial conditions correspond to a single RTP with even probability density,\nthe system is parity-invariant. The equations of motion can be solved in the\nLaplace domain, in terms of the density of right-movers at the origin. At large\ntime, this density is shown to grow exponentially, at a rate that depends only\non the fertility function and fertility rate. Moreover, the total density of\nRTPs (divided by the density of right-movers at the origin), reaches a\nstationary state that does not depend on the initial conditions, and presents a\nlocal minimum at the fertile site.",
        "positive": "Probability distribution of the boundary local time of reflected\n  Brownian motion in Euclidean domains: How long does a diffusing molecule spend in a close vicinity of a confining\nboundary or a catalytic surface? This quantity is determined by the boundary\nlocal time, which plays thus a crucial role in the description of various\nsurface-mediated phenomena such as heterogeneous catalysis, permeation through\nsemi-permeable membranes, or surface relaxation in nuclear magnetic resonance.\nIn this paper, we obtain the probability distribution of the boundary local\ntime in terms of the spectral properties of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator.\nWe investigate the short-time and long-time asymptotic behaviors of this random\nvariable for both bounded and unbounded domains. This analysis provides\ncomplementary insights onto the dynamics of diffusing molecules near partially\nreactive boundaries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensed matter physics with trapped atomic Fermi gases: We present an overview of the various phase transitions that we anticipate to\noccur in trapped fermionic alkali gases. We also discuss the prospects of\nobserving these transitions in (doubly) spin-polarized Li-6 and K-40 gases,\nwhich are now actively being studied by various experimental groups around the\nworld.",
        "positive": "First-passage area distribution and optimal fluctuations of fractional\n  Brownian motion: We study the probability distribution $P(A)$ of the area $A=\\int_0^T x(t) dt$\nswept under fractional Brownian motion (fB\\ m) $x(t)$ until its first passage\ntime $T$ to the origin. The process starts at $t=0$ from a specified point\n$x=L$. We show that $P(A)$ obeys exact scaling relation $$ P(A) =\n\\frac{D^\\frac{1}{2H}}{L^{1+\\frac{1}{H}}}\\,\\Phi_H\\left(\\frac{D^\\frac{1}{2H}\nA}{L^{1+\\frac{1}{H}}}\\right)\\,, $$ where $0<H<1$ is the Hurst exponent\ncharacterizing the fBm, $D$ is the coefficient of fractional diffusion, and\n$\\Phi_H(z)$ is a scaling function. The small-$A$ tail of $P(A)$ has been\nrecently predicted by Meerson and Oshanin [Phys. Rev. E 105, 064137 (2022)],\nwho showed that it has an essential singularity at $A=0$, the character of\nwhich depends on $H$. Here we determine the large-$A$ tail of $P(A)$. It is a\nfat tail, in particular such that the average value of the first-passage area\n$A$ diverges for all $H$. We also verify the predictions for both tails by\nperforming simple-sampling as well as large-deviation Monte Carlo simulations.\nThe verification includes measurements of $P(A)$ up to probability densities as\nsmall as $10^{-190}$. We also perform direct observations of paths conditioned\nto the area $A$. For the steep small-$A$ tail of $P(A)$ the \"optimal paths\",\ni.e. the most probable trajectories of the fBm, dominate the statistics.\nFinally, we discuss extensions of theory to a more general first-passage\nfunctional of the fBm."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mechanical lattice instability and thermodynamical properties in\n  classical solids: In this paper we revisit the onset of the instability of the solid state in\nclassical systems within self-consistent phonon theory (SCPT). Spanning the\nwhole phase diagram versus volume and versus pressure, we identify two\ndifferent kinds of mechanism: one mainly relevant at constant volume,\nassociated with the vanishing of the SCPT solution; and one related to the\ndisappearing at a spinodal temperature of the solid phase as a metastable\nenergy minimum. We show how the first mechanism occurs at extremely high\ntemperatures and it is not reflected in any singular behavior of the\nthermodynamical properties. In contrast, the second one appears at physical\ntemperatures which correlate well with the melting temperature and it is\nsignalized by the divergence of the thermal compressibility as well as of the\nthe lattice expansion coefficient.",
        "positive": "Engineering Floquet Dynamical Quantum Phase Transition: Floquet dynamical quantum phase transitions (FDQPTs) are signified by\nrecurrent nonanalytic behaviors of observables in time. In this work, we\nintroduce a quench-free and generic approach to engineer and control FDQPTs for\nboth pure and mixed Floquet states. By applying time-periodic modulations with\ntwo commensurate driving frequencies to a general class of spin chain model, we\nfind multiple FDQPTs within each driving period. The nonanalytic cusps of\nreturn probability form sublattice structures in time domain. Notably, the\nnumber and time-locations of these cusps can be flexibly controlled by tuning\nthe Hamiltonian parameter and the higher frequency of the drive. We further\nemploy the dynamical topological order parameter (DTOP), which shows a\nquantized jump whenever a DQPT happens, to identify the topological feature of\nFDQPTs. Our findings reveal the advantage of engineering nonequilibrium phase\ntransitions with multi-frequency driving fields."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-Organized Criticality in the Olami-Feder-Christensen model: A system is in a self-organized critical state if the distribution of some\nmeasured events (avalanche sizes, for instance) obeys a power law for as many\ndecades as it is possible to calculate or measure. The finite-size scaling of\nthis distribution function with the lattice size is usually enough to assume\nthat any cut off will disappear as the lattice size goes to infinity. This\napproach, however, can lead to misleading conclusions. In this work we analyze\nthe behavior of the branching rate sigma of the events to establish whether a\nsystem is in a critical state. We apply this method to the\nOlami-Feder-Christensen model to obtain evidences that, in contrast to previous\nresults, the model is critical in the conservative regime only.",
        "positive": "Spectroscopy of Superfluid Pairing in Atomic Fermi Gases: We study the dynamic structure factor for density and spin within the\ncrossover from BCS superfluidity of atomic fermions to the Bose-Einstein\ncondensation of molecules. Both structure factors are experimentally accessible\nvia Bragg spectroscopy, and allow for the identification of the pairing\nmechanism: the spin structure factor allows for the determination of the two\nparticle gap, while the collective sound mode in the density structure reveals\nthe superfluid state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation Theorem for Hamiltonian Systems - Le Chatelier's Principle: For thermostatted dissipative systems the Fluctuation Theorem gives an\nanalytical expression for the ratio of probabilities that the time averaged\nentropy production in a finite system observed for a finite time, takes on a\nspecified value compared to the negative of that value. Hitherto it had been\nthought that the presence of some thermostatting mechanism was an essential\ncomponent of any system which satisfies a Fluctuation Theorem. In the present\npaper we show that a Fluctuation Theorem can be derived for purely Hamiltonian\nsystems, with or without applied dissipative fields.",
        "positive": "Vanishing largest Lyapunov exponent and Tsallis entropy: We present a geometric argument that explains why some systems having\nvanishing largest Lyapunov exponent have underlying dynamics aspects of which\ncan be effectively described by the Tsallis entropy. We rely on a comparison of\nthe generalised additivity of the Tsallis entropy versus the ordinary\nadditivity of the BGS entropy. We translate this comparison in metric terms by\nusing an effective hyperbolic metric on the configuration/phase space for the\nTsallis entropy versus the Euclidean one in the case of the BGS entropy.\nSolving the Jacobi equation for such hyperbolic metrics effectively sets the\nlargest Lyapunov exponent computed with respect to the corresponding Euclidean\nmetric to zero. This conclusion is in agreement with all currently known\nresults about systems that have a simple asymptotic behaviour and are described\nby the Tsallis entropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Casimir-like effect from thermal field fluctuations: Landau-Ginzburg $\\phi^4$ field theory is usually applied to systems for\nunderstanding continuous phase transitions at critical points. Here we analyze\nthe thermal field using a similar free energy description from a statistical\nfield theory perspective, and study fluctuations in such a field with a\nparticular focus on realizing the thermal Casimir effect. Initially, we\nqualitatively describe the emergence of the Casimir-like effect using\nmean-field approximation and further derive it using coarse-graining of\nperturbative renormalization procedure in the vicinity of Gaussian-fixed point.\nThese results may lead to further the understanding of the Casimir effect from\nscalar fields without employing the concept of zero-point energy in a\ncosmological sense.",
        "positive": "Thermalization and localization in a discretized quantum field theory: Localization marks the breakdown of thermalization in subregions of quantum\nmany-body systems in the presence of sufficiently large disorder. In this\npaper, we use numerical techniques to study thermalization and localization in\na many-body system of coupled quantum harmonic oscillators obtained by\ndiscretizing a scalar quantum field theory in Minkowski spacetime. We consider\na Gaussian initial state, constructed through a global mass quench, with a\nquadratic Hamiltonian, and solve for the system's exact dynamics without and\nwith disorder in one and two spatial dimensions. We find that finite-size\nsystems localize for sufficiently large disorder in both cases, such that the\nentanglement entropy of subregions retains its initial area-law behavior, and\nthe system no longer develops long-range correlations. To probe the\nthermalization-to-localization transition further, we define a frequency gap\nratio that measures adjacent gaps in the phase space eigenvalues of the\nHamiltonian and study how it varies with disorder strength and system size. We\nfind signatures of a chaotic regime at intermediate disorder in two spatial\ndimensions and argue that it is a finite-size effect, such that the system\nwould localize for arbitrarily small disorder in the continuum in both one and\ntwo spatial dimensions, consistent with Anderson localization. Lastly, we use\nthe frequency gap ratio to argue that in three spatial dimensions, on the other\nhand, the system would only localize for disorder strengths above a critical\nvalue in the continuum, again consistent with Anderson localization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Winding of planar gaussian processes: We consider a smooth, rotationally invariant, centered gaussian process in\nthe plane, with arbitrary correlation matrix $C_{t t'}$. We study the winding\nangle $\\phi_t$ around its center. We obtain a closed formula for the variance\nof the winding angle as a function of the matrix $C_{tt'}$. For most stationary\nprocesses $C_{tt'}=C(t-t')$ the winding angle exhibits diffusion at large time\nwith diffusion coefficient $D = \\int_0^\\infty ds C'(s)^2/(C(0)^2-C(s)^2)$.\nCorrelations of $\\exp(i n \\phi_t)$ with integer $n$, the distribution of the\nangular velocity $\\dot \\phi_t$, and the variance of the algebraic area are also\nobtained. For smooth processes with stationary increments (random walks) the\nvariance of the winding angle grows as ${1/2} (\\ln t)^2$, with proper\ngeneralizations to the various classes of fractional Brownian motion. These\nresults are tested numerically. Non integer $n$ is studied numerically.",
        "positive": "A Transfer Matrix for the Backbone Exponent of Two-Dimensional\n  Percolation: Rephrasing the backbone of two-dimensional percolation as a monochromatic\npath crossing problem, we investigate the latter by a transfer matrix approach.\nConformal invariance links the backbone dimension D_b to the highest eigenvalue\nof the transfer matrix T, and we obtain the result D_b=1.6431 \\pm 0.0006. For a\nstrip of width L, T is roughly of size 2^{3^L}, but we manage to reduce it to\n\\sim L!. We find that the value of D_b is stable with respect to inclusion of\nadditional ``blobs'' tangent to the backbone in a finite number of points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Site percolation on lattices with low average coordination numbers: We present a study of site and bond percolation on periodic lattices with (on\naverage) fewer than three nearest neighbors per site. We have studied this\nissue in two contexts: By simulating oxides with a mixture of 2-coordinated and\nhigher-coordinated sites, and by mapping site-bond percolation results onto a\nsite model with mixed coordination number. Our results show that a conjectured\npower-law relationship between coordination number and site percolation\nthreshold holds approximately if the coordination number is defined as the\naverage number of connections available between high-coordinated sites, and\nsuggest that the conjectured power-law relationship reflects a real phenomenon\nrequiring further study. The solution may be to modify the power-law\nrelationship to be an implicit formula for percolation threshold, one that\ntakes into account aspects of the lattice beyond spatial dimension and average\ncoordination number.",
        "positive": "Dynamical typicality of isolated many-body quantum systems: Dynamical typicality refers to the property that two pure states, which\ninitially exhibit (almost) the same expectation value for some given observable\n$A$, are very likely to exhibit also very similar expectation values when\nevolving in time according to the pertinent Schr\\\"odinger equation. We unify\nand generalize a variety of previous findings of this type for sufficiently\nhigh dimensional quantum mechanical model systems. Particular emphasize is put\non the necessary and sufficient conditions, which the initial expectation value\nand the spectrum of $A$ have to fulfill."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ferromagnetic Coulomb phase in classical spin ice: Spin ice is a frustrated magnetic system that at low temperatures exhibits a\nCoulomb phase, a classical spin liquid with topological order and deconfined\nexcitations. This work establishes the presence of a Coulomb phase with\ncoexisting ferromagnetic order in a microscopic model of classical spin ice\nsubject to uniaxial lattice distortion. General theoretical arguments are\npresented for the presence of such a phase, and its existence is confirmed\nusing Monte Carlo results. This example is used to illustrate generic\nproperties of spin liquids with magnetic order, including deconfinement of\nmonopoles, signatures in the neutron-scattering structure factor, and critical\nbehavior at phase transitions. An analogous phase, a superfluid with\nspontaneously broken particle-hole symmetry, is demonstrated in a model of\nhard-core lattice bosons, related to spin ice through the quantum-classical\ncorrespondence.",
        "positive": "Designing Langevin microdynamics in macrocosm: Previously developed ``stochastic representation of deterministic\ninteractions`` enables exact treatment of an open system without leaving its\nnative phase space (Hilbert space) due to peculiar stochastic extension of the\nLiouville (von Neumann) equation for its statistical operator. Can one\nreformulate the theory in terms of stochastic ``Langevin equations'' for its\nvariables? Here it is shown that in case of classical Hamiltonian underlying\ndynamics the answer is principally positive, and general explicit method of\nconstructing such equations is described."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-Order Transition in XY Fully Frustrated Simple Cubic Lattice: We study the nature of the phase transition in the fully frustrated simple\ncubic lattice with the XY spin model. This system is the Villain's model\ngeneralized in three dimensions. The ground state is very particular with a\n12-fold degeneracy. Previous studies have shown unusual critical properties.\nWith the powerful Wang-Landau flat-histogram Monte Carlo method, we carry out\nin this work intensive simulations with very large lattice sizes. We show that\nthe phase transition is clearly of first order, putting an end to the\nuncertainty which has lasted for more than twenty years.",
        "positive": "From Classical to Quantum and Back: Hamiltonian Adaptive Resolution Path\n  Integral, Ring Polymer, and Centroid Molecular Dynamics: Path integral-based simulation methodologies play a crucial role for the\ninvestigation of nuclear quantum effects by means of computer simulations.\nHowever, these techniques are significantly more demanding than corresponding\nclassical simulations. To reduce this numerical effort, we recently proposed a\nmethod, based on a rigorous Hamiltonian formulation, which restricts the\nquantum modeling to a small but relevant spatial region within a larger\nreservoir where particles are treated classically. In this work, we extend this\nidea and show how it can be implemented along with state-of-the-art path\nintegral simulation techniques, such as ring polymer and centroid molecular\ndynamics, which allow the approximate calculation of both quantum statistical\nand quantum dynamical properties. To this end, we derive a new integration\nalgorithm which also makes use of multiple time-stepping. The scheme is\nvalidated via adaptive classical--path-integral simulations of liquid water.\nPotential applications of the proposed multiresolution method are diverse and\ninclude efficient quantum simulations of interfaces as well as complex\nbiomolecular systems such as membranes and proteins."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maximum entropy estimation of transition probabilities of reversible\n  Markov chains: In this paper, we develop a general theory for the estimation of the\ntransition probabilities of reversible Markov chains using the maximum entropy\nprinciple. A broad range of physical models can be studied within this\napproach. We use one-dimensional classical spin systems to illustrate the\ntheoretical ideas. The examples studied in this paper are: the Ising model, the\nPotts model and the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model.",
        "positive": "Energy Transfer Efficiency Distributions in Polymers in Solution During\n  Folding and Unfolding: Distribution of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency\nbetween the two ends of a Lennard-Jones polymer chain both at equilibrium and\nduring folding and unfolding has been calculated, for the first time, by\nBrownian dynamics simulations. The distribution of FRET efficiency becomes {\\bf\nbimodal} during folding of the extended state subsequent to a temperature\nquench, with the width of the distribution for the extended state broader than\nthat for the folded state. The reverse process of unfolding subsequent to a\nupward temperature jump shows different characteristics. The distributions show\nsignificant viscosity dependence which can be tested against experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hamiltonian dynamics of the SIS epidemic model with stochastic\n  fluctuations: Empirical records of epidemics reveal that fluctuations are important factors\nfor the spread and prevalence of infectious diseases. The exact manner in which\nfluctuations affect spreading dynamics remains poorly known. Recent analytical\nand numerical studies have demonstrated that improved differential equations\nfor mean and variance of infected individuals reproduce certain regimes of the\nSIS epidemic model. Here, we show they form a dynamical system that follows\nHamilton's equations, which allow us to understand the role of fluctuations and\ntheir effects on epidemics. Our findings show the Hamiltonian is a constant of\nmotion for large population sizes. For small populations, finite size effects\nbreak the temporal symmetry and induce a power-law decay of the Hamiltonian\nnear the outbreak onset, with a parameter-free exponent. Away from onset, the\nHamiltonian decays exponentially according to a constant relaxation time, which\nwe propose as a indicator of the strength of the epidemic when fluctuations\ncannot be neglected.",
        "positive": "Inequivalence of ensembles in a system with long range interactions: We study the global phase diagram of the infinite range Blume-Emery-Griffiths\nmodel both in the canonical and in the microcanonical ensembles. The canonical\nphase diagram is known to exhibit first order and continuous transition lines\nseparated by a tricritical point. We find that below the tricritical point,\nwhen the canonical transition is first order, the phase diagrams of the two\nensembles disagree. In this region the microcanonical ensemble exhibits energy\nranges with negative specific heat and temperature jumps at transition\nenergies. These results can be extended to weakly decaying nonintegrable\ninteractions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Market Fluctuations: multiplicative and percolation models, size effects\n  and predictions: We present a set of models of the main stylized facts of market price\nfluctuations. These models comprise dynamical evolution with threshold dynamics\nand Langevin price equation with multiplicative noise, percolation models to\ndescribe the interaction between traders and hierarchical cascade models to\nunravel the possible correlation accross time scales, including the\nlog-periodic signatures associated to financial crashes. The main empirical\nknowledge is summarized and some key empirical tests are presented.",
        "positive": "Five-loop renormalization-group expansions for the three-dimensional\n  n-vector cubic model and critical exponents for impure Ising systems: The renormalization-group (RG) functions for the three-dimensional n-vector\ncubic model are calculated in the five-loop approximation. High-precision\nnumerical estimates for the asymptotic critical exponents of the\nthree-dimensional impure Ising systems are extracted from the five-loop RG\nseries by means of the Pade-Borel-Leroy resummation under n = 0. These\nexponents are found to be: \\gamma = 1.325 +/- 0.003, \\eta = 0.025 +/- 0.01, \\nu\n= 0.671 +/- 0.005, \\alpha = - 0.0125 +/- 0.008, \\beta = 0.344 +/- 0.006. For\nthe correction-to-scaling exponent, the less accurate estimate \\omega = 0.32\n+/- 0.06 is obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "About the maximum entropy principle in non equilibrium statistical\n  mechanics: The maximum entropy principle (MEP) apparently allows us to derive, or\njustify, fundamental results of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Because of\nthis, a school of thought considers the MEP as a powerful and elegant way to\nmake predictions in physics and other disciplines, which constitutes an\nalternative and more general method than the traditional ones of statistical\nmechanics. Actually, careful inspection shows that such a success is due to a\nseries of fortunate facts that characterize the physics of equilibrium systems,\nbut which are absent in situations not described by Hamiltonian dynamics, or\ngenerically in nonequilibrium phenomena. Here we discuss several important\nexamples in non equilibrium statistical mechanics, in which the MEP leads to\nincorrect predictions, proving that it does not have a predictive nature. We\nconclude that, in these paradigmatic examples, the \"traditional\" methods based\non a detailed analysis of the relevant dynamics cannot be avoided.",
        "positive": "Range separation: The divide between local structures and field theories: This work presents parallel histories of the development of two modern\ntheories of condensed matter: the theory of electron structure in quantum\nmechanics, and the theory of liquid structure in statistical mechanics.\nComparison shows that key revelations in both are not only remarkably similar,\nbut even follow along a common thread of controversy that marks progress from\nantiquity through to the present. This theme appears as a creative tension\nbetween two competing philosophies, that of short range structure (atomistic\nmodels) on the one hand, and long range structure (continuum or density\nfunctional models) on the other. The timeline and technical content are\ndesigned to build up a set of key relations as guideposts for using density\nfunctional theories together with atomistic simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information theory and renormalization group flows: We present a possible approach to the study of the renormalization group (RG)\nflow based entirely on the information theory. The average information loss\nunder a single step of Wilsonian RG transformation is evaluated as a\nconditional entropy of the fast variables, which are integrated out, when the\nslow ones are held fixed. Its positivity results in the monotonic decrease of\nthe informational entropy under renormalization. This, however, does not\nnecessarily imply the irreversibility of the RG flow, because the entropy\nexplicitly depends on the total number of degrees of freedom, which is reduced.\nOnly some size-independent additive part of the entropy could possibly provide\nthe required Lyapunov function. We also introduce a mutual information of fast\nand slow variables as probably a more adequate quantity to represent the\nchanges in the system under renormalization and evaluate it for some simple\nsystems. It is shown that for certain real space decimation transformations the\npositivity of the mutual information directly leads to the monotonic growth of\nthe entropy per lattice site along the RG flow and hence to its\nirreversibility.",
        "positive": "Exact Solutions to Special High Dimensional O(n) Models, Dimensional\n  Reductions, gauge redundancy, and special Frustrated Spin and Orbital models: This work addresses models (e.g. potential models of directed orbital\nsystems- the manganates) in which an effective reduction dimensionality occurs\nas a result of a new symmetry which is intermediate between that of global and\nlocal gauge symmetry. This path towards dimensional reduction is examined in\nsimple O(n) spin models and lattice gauge theories. A high temperature\nexpansion is employed to map special anisotropic high dimensional models into\nlower dimensional variants. We show that it is possible to have an effective\nreduction in the dimension without the need of compactifying some dimensions.\nThese models are frustrated and display a symmetry intermediate between local\nand global gauge symmetries. Some solutions are presented. Our dimensional\nreductions are a generlization of the trivial dimensional reduction that occur\nin pure two dimensional gauge theories. It will be further seen that the\nabsence of a ``phase interference'' effect plays an important role in high\ndimensional problems. By identifying another (``permutational'') symmetry\npresent in the large n limit, we will further show how to generally map global\nhigh dimensional spin systems onto a one dimensional chain and discuss\nimplications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal crossing probabilities and incipient spanning clusters in\n  directed percolation: Shape-dependent universal crossing probabilities are studied, via Monte Carlo\nsimulations, for bond and site directed percolation on the square lattice in\nthe diagonal direction, at the percolation threshold. Since the system is\nstrongly anisotropic, the shape-dependence enters through the effective aspect\nratio r_eff=cL^z/t, where c is a non-universal constant and z the anisotropy\nexponent. A particular attention is paid to the influence of the initial state\non the universal behaviour of the crossing probability. Using anisotropic\nfinite-size scaling and generalizing a simple argument given by Aizenman for\nisotropic percolation, we obtain the behaviour of the probability to find n\nincipient spanning clusters on a finite system at time t. The numerical results\nare in good agreement with the conjecture.",
        "positive": "Potts Model with Invisible States: A Review: The Potts model with invisible states was introduced to explain discrepancies\nbetween theoretical predictions and experimental observations of phase\ntransitions in some systems where $Z_q$ symmetry is spontaneously broken. It\ndiffers from the ordinary $q$-state Potts model in that each spin, besides the\nusual $q$ visible states, can be also in any of $r$ so-called invisible states.\nSpins in an invisible state do not interact with their neighbours but they do\ncontribute to the entropy of the system. As a consequence, an increase in $r$\nmay cause a phase transition to change from second to first order. Potts models\nwith invisible states describe a number of systems of interest in physics and\nbeyond and have been treated by various tools of statistical and mathematical\nphysics. In this paper we aim to give a review of this fundamental topic."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large-q series expansion for the ground state degeneracy of the q-state\n  Potts antiferromagnet on the (3.12^2) lattice: We calculate the large-$q$ series expansion for the ground state degeneracy\n(= exponent of the ground state entropy) per site of the $q$-state Potts\nantiferromagnet on the $(3 \\cdot 12^2)$ lattice, to order $O(y^{19})$, where\n$y=1/(q-1)$. We note a remarkable agreement, to $O(y^{18})$, between this\nseries and a rigorous lower bound derived recently.",
        "positive": "Growth-induced breaking and unbreaking of ergodicity in fully-connected\n  spin systems: Two canonical models of statistical mechanics, the fully-connected voter and\nGlauber-Ising models, are modified to incorporate growth via the addition or\nreplication of spins. The resulting behaviour is examined in a regime where the\ntimescale of expansion cannot be separated from that of the internal dynamics.\nDepending on the model specification, growth radically alters the long-time\ndynamical behaviour by breaking or unbreaking ergodicity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Universal Operator Growth Hypothesis: We present a hypothesis for the universal properties of operators evolving\nunder Hamiltonian dynamics in many-body systems. The hypothesis states that\nsuccessive Lanczos coefficients in the continued fraction expansion of the\nGreen's functions grow linearly with rate $\\alpha$ in generic systems, with an\nextra logarithmic correction in 1d. The rate $\\alpha$ --- an experimental\nobservable --- governs the exponential growth of operator complexity in a sense\nwe make precise. This exponential growth even prevails beyond semiclassical or\nlarge-$N$ limits. Moreover, $\\alpha$ upper bounds a large class of operator\ncomplexity measures, including the out-of-time-order correlator. As a result,\nwe obtain a sharp bound on Lyapunov exponents $\\lambda_L \\leq 2 \\alpha$, which\ncomplements and improves the known universal low-temperature bound $\\lambda_L\n\\leq 2 \\pi T$. We illustrate our results in paradigmatic examples such as\nnon-integrable spin chains, the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, and classical models.\nFinally we use the hypothesis in conjunction with the recursion method to\ndevelop a technique for computing diffusion constants.",
        "positive": "Rydberg ion flywheel for quantum work storage: Trapped ions provide a platform for quantum technologies that offers long\ncoherence times and high degrees of scalability and controllability. Here, we\nuse this platform to develop a realistic model of a thermal device consisting\nof two laser-driven, strongly coupled Rydberg ions in a harmonic trap. We show\nthat the translational degrees of freedom of this system can be utilized as a\nflywheel storing the work output that is generated by a cyclic thermodynamic\nprocess applied to its electronic degrees of freedom. Mimicking such a process\nthrough periodic variations of external control parameters, we use a mean-field\napproach underpinned by numerical and analytical calculations to identify\nrelevant physical processes and to determine the charging rate of the flywheel.\nOur work paves the way for the design of microscopic thermal machines based on\nRydberg ions that can be equipped with both many-body working media and\nuniversal work storages."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviations for the height in 1D Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth at late\n  times: We study the atypically large deviations of the height $H \\sim {{\\cal O}}(t)$\nat the origin at late times in $1+1$-dimensional growth models belonging to the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class. We present exact results for the\nrate functions for the discrete single step growth model, as well as for the\ncontinuum KPZ equation in a droplet geometry. Based on our exact calculation of\nthe rate functions we argue that models in the KPZ class undergo a third order\nphase transition from a strong coupling to a weak coupling phase, at late\ntimes.",
        "positive": "Effective field approach to the Ising film in a transverse field: We study the phase transitions of the spin-1/2 Ising film in a transverse\nfield within the framework of the effective field theory. We evaluate the\ncritical temperature of the film as a function of the exchange interactions,\nthe transverse field and the film thickness. We find that, if the ratio of the\nsurface exchange interactions to the bulk ones R=Js/J is smaller than a\ncritical value Rc, the critical temperature Tc/J of the film is smaller than\nthe bulk critical temperature Tc^B/J and approaches Tc^B/J as R increases\nfurther. On the other hand, if R>Rc, Tc/J is larger than both the bulk Tc^B/J\nand the surface Tc^S/J critical temperatures of the corresponding semi-infinite\nsystem, and approaches Tc^S as R increases further."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "L\u00e9vy Statistics and Anomalous Transport: L\u00e9vy flights and\n  Subdiffusion: Levy flights and subdiffusive processes and their properties are discussed.\nWe derive the space- and time-fractional transport equations, and consider\ntheir solutions in external potentials. An extensive list of references is\nincluded.",
        "positive": "On Which Length Scales Can Temperature Exist in Quantum Systems?: We consider a regular chain of elementary quantum systems with nearest\nneighbor interactions and assume that the total system is in a canonical state\nwith temperature $T$. We analyze under what condition the state factors into a\nproduct of canonical density matrices with respect to groups of $n$ subsystems\neach, and when these groups have the same temperature $T$. While in classical\nmechanics the validity of this procedure only depends on the size of the groups\n$n$, in quantum mechanics the minimum group size $n_{\\text{min}}$ also depends\non the temperature $T $! As examples, we apply our analysis to different types\nof Heisenberg spin chains."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear response of inertial tracers in steady laminar flows:\n  differential and absolute negative mobility: We study the mobility and the diffusion coefficient of an inertial tracer\nadvected by a two-dimensional incompressible laminar flow, in the presence of\nthermal noise and under the action of an external force. We show, with\nextensive numerical simulations, that the force-velocity relation for the\ntracer, in the nonlinear regime, displays complex and rich behaviors, including\nnegative differential and absolute mobility. These effects rely upon a subtle\ncoupling between inertia and applied force which induce the tracer to persist\nin particular regions of phase space with a velocity opposite to the force. The\nrelevance of this coupling is revisited in the framework of non-equilibrium\nresponse theory, applying a generalized Einstein relation to our system. The\npossibility of experimental observation of these results is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Higher Order and boundary Scaling Fields in the Abelian Sandpile Model: The Abelian Sandpile Model (ASM) is a paradigm of self-organized criticality\n(SOC) which is related to $c=-2$ conformal field theory. The conformal fields\ncorresponding to some height clusters have been suggested before. Here we\nderive the first corrections to such fields, in a field theoretical approach,\nwhen the lattice parameter is non-vanishing and consider them in the presence\nof a boundary."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inference from gated first-passage times: First-passage times provide invaluable insight into fundamental properties of\nstochastic processes. Yet, various forms of gating mask first-passage times and\ndifferentiate them from actual detection times. For instance, imperfect\nconditions may intermittently gate our ability to observe a system of interest,\nsuch that exact first-passage instances might be missed. In other cases, e.g.,\ncertain chemical reactions, direct observation of the molecules involved is\nvirtually impossible, but the reaction event itself can be detected. However,\nthis instance need not coincide with the first collision time since some\nmolecular encounters are infertile and hence gated. Motivated by the challenge\nposed by such real-life situations we develop a universal -- model-free --\nframework for the inference of first-passage times from the detection times of\ngated first-passage processes. In addition, when the underlying laws of motions\nare known, our framework also provides a way to infer physically meaningful\nparameters, e.g. diffusion coefficients. Finally, we show how to infer the\ngating rates themselves via the hitherto overlooked short-time regime of the\nmeasured detection times. The robustness of our approach and its insensitivity\nto underlying details are illustrated in several settings of physical\nrelevance.",
        "positive": "Coarsening and percolation in a disordered ferromagnet: By studying numerically the phase-ordering kinetics of a two-dimensional\nferromagnetic Ising model with quenched disorder -- either random bonds or\nrandom fields -- we show that a critical percolation structure forms in an\nearly stage and is then progressively compactified by the ensuing coarsening\nprocess. Results are compared with the non-disordered case, where a similar\nphenomenon is observed, and interpreted within a dynamical scaling framework."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unsteady ballistic heat transport in a 1D harmonic crystal due to a\n  source on an isotopic defect: In the paper we apply asymptotic technique based on the method of stationary\nphase and obtain the approximate analytical description of thermal motions\ncaused by a source on an isotopic defect of an arbitrary mass in a 1D harmonic\ncrystal. It is well known that localized oscillation is possible in this system\nin the case of a light defect. We consider the unsteady heat propagation and\nobtain formulae, which provide continualization (everywhere excepting a\nneighbourhood of a defect) and asymptotic uncoupling of the thermal motion into\nthe sum of the slow and fast components. The slow motion is related with\nballistic heat transport, whereas the fast motion is energy oscillation related\nwith transformation of the kinetic energy into the potential one and in the\nopposite direction. To obtain the propagating component of the fast and slow\nmotions we estimate the exact solution in the integral form at a moving point\nof observation. We demonstrate that the propagating parts of the slow and the\nfast motions are \"anti-localized\" near the defect. The physical meaning of the\nanti-localization is a tendency for the unsteady propagating wave-field to\navoid a neighbourhood of a defect. The effect of anti-localization increases\nwith the absolute value of the difference between the alternated mass and the\nmass of a regular particle, and, therefore, more energy concentrates just\nbehind the leading wave-front of the propagating component. The obtained\nsolution is valid in a wide range of a spatial co-ordinate (i.e., a particle\nnumber), everywhere excepting a neighbourhood of the leading wavefront.",
        "positive": "Spanning trees for the geometry and dynamics of compact polymers: Using a mapping of compact polymers on the Manhattan lattice to spanning\ntrees, we calculate exactly the average number of bends at infinite\ntemperature. We then find, in a high temperature approximation, the energy of\nthe system as a function of bending rigidity and polymer elasticity. We\nidentify the universal mechanism for the relaxation of compact polymers and\nthen endow the model with physically motivated dynamics in the convenient\nframework of the trees. We find aging and domain coarsening after quenches in\ntemperature. We explain the slow dynamics in terms of the geometrical\ninterconnections between the energy and the dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Persistence in the One-Dimensional A+B -> 0 Reaction-Diffusion Model: The persistence properties of a set of random walkers obeying the A+B -> 0\nreaction, with equal initial density of particles and homogeneous initial\nconditions, is studied using two definitions of persistence. The probability,\nP(t), that an annihilation process has not occurred at a given site has the\nasymptotic form $P(t) -> const + t^{-\\theta}$, where $\\theta$ is the\npersistence exponent (``type I persistence''). We argue that, for a density of\nparticles $\\rho >> 1$, this non-trivial exponent is identical to that governing\nthe persistence properties of the one-dimensional diffusion equation, where\n$\\theta \\approx 0.1207$. In the case of an initially low density, $\\rho_0 <<\n1$, we find $\\theta \\approx 1/4$ asymptotically. The probability that a site\nremains unvisited by any random walker (``type II persistence'') is also\ninvestigated and found to decay with a stretched exponential form, $P(t) \\sim\n\\exp(-const \\rho_0^{1/2}t^{1/4})$, provided $\\rho_0 << 1$. A heuristic argument\nfor this behavior, based on an exactly solvable toy model, is presented.",
        "positive": "Small-World Networks: Links with long-tailed distributions: Small-world networks (SWN), obtained by randomly adding to a regular\nstructure additional links (AL), are of current interest. In this article we\nexplore (based on physical models) a new variant of SWN, in which the\nprobability of realizing an AL depends on the chemical distance between the\nconnected sites. We assume a power-law probability distribution and study\nrandom walkers on the network, focussing especially on their probability of\nbeing at the origin. We connect the results to L\\'evy Flights, which follow\nfrom a mean field variant of our model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Solution of a Reaction-Diffusion Model with Particle Number\n  Conservation: We analytically investigate a 1d branching-coalescing model with reflecting\nboundaries in a canonical ensemble where the total number of particles on the\nchain is conserved. Exact analytical calculations show that the model has two\ndifferent phases which are separated by a second-order phase transition. The\nthermodynamic behavior of the canonical partition function of the model has\nbeen calculated exactly in each phase. Density profiles of particles have also\nbeen obtained explicitly. It is shown that the exponential part of the density\nprofiles decay on three different length scales which depend on total density\nof particles.",
        "positive": "Defining Time Crystals via Representation Theory: Time crystals are proposed states of matter which spontaneously break time\ntranslation symmetry. There is no settled definition of such states. We offer a\nnew definition which follows the traditional recipe for Wigner symmetries and\norder parameters. Supplementing our definition with a few plausible assumptions\nwe find that a) systems with time independent Hamiltonians should not exhibit\nTTSB while b) the recently studied $\\pi$ spin glass/Floquet time crystal can be\nviewed as breaking a global internal symmetry and as breaking time translation\nsymmetry as befits its two names."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite size scaling investigations in the quantum $\u03c6^4$-model with\n  long-range interaction: In this paper, we study in details the critical behavior of the ${\\cal O}(n)$\nquantum $\\phi^4$ model with long-range interaction decaying with the distances\nr by a power law as $r^{-d-\\sigma}$ in the large n-limit. The zero-temperature\ncritical behavior is discussed. Its alteration by the finite temperature and/or\nfinite sizes in the space is studied. The scaling behaviours are studied in\ndifferent regimes depending upon whether the finite temperature or the finite\nsizes of the system is leading. A number of results for the correlation length,\ncritical amplitudes and the finite size shift, for different dimensionalities\nbetween the lower $d_<=\\sigma/2$ and the upper $d_>=3\\sigma/2$ critical\ndimensions, are calculated.",
        "positive": "How far from equilibrium is active matter?: Active matter systems are driven out of thermal equilibrium by a lack of\ngeneralized Stokes-Einstein relation between injection and dissipation of\nenergy at the microscopic scale. We consider such a system of interacting\nparticles, propelled by persistent noises, and show that, at small but finite\npersistence time, their dynamics still satisfy a time-reversal symmetry. To do\nso, we compute perturbatively their steady-state measure and show that, for\nshort persistent times, the entropy production rate vanishes. This endows such\nsystems with an effective Fluctuation-Dissipation theorem akin to that of\nthermal equilibrium systems. Last we show how interacting particle systems with\nviscous drags and correlated noises can be seen as in equilibrium with a\nvisco-elastic bath but driven out of equilibrium by non-conservative forces,\nhence providing an energetic insight on the departure of active systems from\nequilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probability density of fractional Brownian motion and the fractional\n  Langevin equation with absorbing walls: Fractional Brownian motion and the fractional Langevin equation are models of\nanomalous diffusion processes characterized by long-range power-law\ncorrelations in time. We employ large-scale computer simulations to study these\nmodels in two geometries, (i) the spreading of particles on a semi-infinite\ndomain with an absorbing wall at one end and (ii) the stationary state on a\nfinite interval with absorbing boundaries at both ends and a source in the\ncenter. We demonstrate that the probability density and other properties of the\nfractional Langevin equation can be mapped onto the corresponding quantities of\nfractional Brownian motion driven by the same noise if the anomalous diffusion\nexponent $\\alpha$ is replaced by $2-\\alpha$. In contrast, the properties of\nfractional Brownian motion and the fractional Langevin equation with reflecting\nboundaries were recently shown to differ from each other qualitatively.\nSpecifically, we find that the probability density close to an absorbing wall\nbehaves as $P(x) \\sim x^\\kappa$ with the distance $x$ from the wall in the\nlong-time limit. In the case of fractional Brownian motion, $\\kappa$ varies\nwith the anomalous diffusion exponent $\\alpha$ as $\\kappa=2/\\alpha -1$, as was\nconjectured previously. We also compare our simulation results to a\nperturbative analytical approach to fractional Brownian motion.",
        "positive": "Impurity-induced step interactions: a kinetic Monte-Carlo study: A one-dimensional continuum description of growth on vicinal surfaces in the\npresence of immobile impurities predicts that the impurities can induce step\nbunching when they suppress the diffusion of adatoms on the surface. In the\npresent communication we verify this prediction by kinetic Monte-Carlo\nsimulations of a two-dimensional solid-on-solid model. We identify the\nconditions where quasi one-dimensional step flow is stable against island\nformation or step meandering, and analyse in detail the statistics of the\nimpurity concentration profile. The sign and strength of the impurity-induced\nstep interactions is determined by monitoring the motion of pairs of steps.\nAssemblies containing up to 20 steps turn out to be unstable towards the\nemission of single steps. This behavior is traced back to the small value of\nthe effective, impurity-induced attachment asymmetry for adatoms. An analytic\nestimate for the critical number of steps needed to stabilize a bunch is\nderived and confirmed by simulations of a one-dimensional model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The noise properties of stochastic processes and entropy production: Based on a Fokker-Planck description of external Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise and\ncross-correlated noise processes driving a dynamical system we examine the\ninterplay of the properties of noise processes and the dissipative\ncharacteristic of the dynamical system in the steady state entropy production\nand flux. Our analysis is illustrated with appropriate examples.",
        "positive": "An exact formalism to study the thermodynamic properties of hard-sphere\n  systems under spherical confinement: This paper presents a modified grand canonical ensemble which provides a new\nsimple and efficient scheme to study few-body fluid-like inhomogeneous systems\nunder confinement. The new formalism is implemented to investigate the exact\nthermodynamic properties of a hard sphere (HS) fluid-like system with up to\nthree particles confined in a spherical cavity. In addition, the partition\nfunction of this system was used to analyze the surface thermodynamic\nproperties of the many-HS system and to derive the exact curvature dependence\nof both the surface tension and adsorption in powers of the density. The\nexpressions for the surface tension and the adsorption were also obtained for\nthe many- HS system outside of a fixed hard spherical object. We used these\nresults to derive the dependence of the fluid-substrate Tolman length up to\nfirst order in density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-temperature phase transition in a class of 4-state Potts\n  antiferromagnets: We argue that the 4-state Potts antiferromagnet has a finite-temperature\nphase transition on any Eulerian plane triangulation in which one sublattice\nconsists of vertices of degree 4. We furthermore predict the universality class\nof this transition. We then present transfer-matrix and Monte Carlo data\nconfirming these predictions for the cases of the union-jack and bisected\nhexagonal lattices.",
        "positive": "The \"footprints'' of irreversibility: We reformulate the result for the entropy production given in Phys. Rev.\nLett. 98, 080602 (2007) in terms of the relative entropy of microscopic\ntrajectories. By a combination with the Crook's theorem, we identify the path\nvariables that are sufficient to fully identify irreversibility. We show that\nwork saturates the relative entropy, and derive the entropy production for\nstochastic descriptions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviations for Markov processes with stochastic resetting :\n  analysis via the empirical density and flows or via excursions between resets: Markov processes with stochastic resetting towards the origin generically\nconverge towards non-equilibrium steady-states. Long dynamical trajectories can\nbe thus analyzed via the large deviations at Level 2.5 for the joint\nprobability of the empirical density and the empirical flows, or via the large\ndeviations of semi-Markov processes for the empirical density of excursions\nbetween consecutive resets. The large deviations properties of general\ntime-additive observables involving the position and the increments of the\ndynamical trajectory are then analyzed in terms of the appropriate Markov\ntilted processes and of the corresponding conditioned processes obtained via\nthe generalization of Doob's h-transform. This general formalism is described\nin detail for the three possible frameworks, namely\ndiscrete-time/discrete-space Markov chains, continuous-time/discrete-space\nMarkov jump processes and continuous-time/continuous-space diffusion processes,\nand is illustrated with explicit results for the Sisyphus Random Walk and its\nvariants, when the reset probabilities or reset rates are space-dependent.",
        "positive": "Beyond the linear Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem: the Role of Causality: In this paper we re-examine the traditional problem of connecting the\ninternal fluctuations of a system to its response to external forcings and\nextend the classical theory in order to be able to encompass also nonlinear\nprocesses. With this goal, we try to join on the results by Kubo on statistical\nmechanical systems close to equilibrium, i.e. whose unperturbed state can be\ndescribed by a canonical ensemble, the theory of dispersion relations, and the\nresponse theory recently developed by Ruelle for non-equilibrium systems\nequipped with an invariant SRB measure. Our derivations highlight the strong\nlink between causality and the possibility of connecting unambiguously\nfluctuation and response, both at linear and nonlinear level. We first show in\na rather general setting how the formalism of the Ruelle response theory can be\nused to derive in a novel way Kramers-Kronig relations connecting the real and\nimaginary part of the linear and nonlinear response to external perturbations.\nWe then provide a formal extension at each order of nonlinearity of the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) for general systems possessing a smooth\ninvariant measure. Finally, we focus on the physically relevant case of systems\nclose to equilibrium, for which we present explicit fluctuation-dissipation\nrelations linking the susceptibility describing the $n^{th}$ order response of\nthe system with the expectation value of suitably defined correlations of $n+1$\nobservables taken in the equilibrium ensemble. While the FDT has an especially\ncompact structure in the linear case, in the nonlinear case joining the\nstatistical properties of the fluctuations of the system to its response to\nexternal perturbations requires linear changes of variables, simple algebraic\nsums and multiplications, and a multiple convolution integral. These\noperations, albeit cumbersome, can be easily implemented numerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equation of state for systems with Goldstone bosons: We discuss some recent determinations of the equation of state for the XY and\nthe Heisenberg universality class.",
        "positive": "Damping of vortex waves in a superfluid: The damping of vortex cyclotron modes is investigated within a generalized\nquantum theory of vortex waves. Similarly to the case of Kelvin modes, the\nfriction coefficient turns out to be essentially unchanged under such\noscillations, but it is shown to be affected by appreciable memory corrections.\nOn the other hand, the nonequilibrium energetics of the vortex, which is\ninvestigated within the framework of linear response theory, shows that its\nmemory corrections are negligible. The vortex response is found to be of the\nDebye type, with a relaxation frequency whose dependence on temperature and\nimpurity concentration reflects the complexity of the heat bath and its\ninteraction with the vortex."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Separation under Ultra-Slow Cooling: Onset of Nucleation: We discuss the interplay between a slow continuous drift of temperature,\nwhich induces continuous phase separation, and the non-linear diffusion term in\nthe $\\phi^4$-model for phase separation of a binary mixture. This leads to a\nbound for the stability of diffusive demixing. It is argued that these findings\nare not specific to the $\\phi^4$ model, but that they always apply up to slight\nmodifications of the bound. In practice stable diffusive demixing can only be\nachieved when special precautions are taken in experiments on real mixtures.\nTherefore, the recent observations on complex dynamical behavior in such\nsystems should be considered as a new challenge for understanding generic\nfeatures of phase-separating systems.",
        "positive": "Generalized von Smoluchowski model of reaction rates, with reacting\n  particles and a mobile trap: We study diffusion-limited coalescence, A+A<-->A, in one dimension, in the\npresence of a diffusing trap. The system may be regarded as a generalization of\nvon Smoluchowski's model for reaction rates, in that: (a) it includes reactions\nbetween the particles surrounding the trap, and (b) the trap is mobile -- both\nconsiderations which render the model more physically relevant. As seen from\nthe trap's frame of reference, the motion of the particles is highly\ncorrelated, because of the motion of the trap. An exact description of the long\n-time asymptotic limit is found using the IPDF method, and exploiting a\n\"shielding\" property of reversible coalescence that was discovered recently. In\nthe case where the trap also acts as a source -- giving birth to particles --\nthe shielding property breaks down, but we find an \"equivalence principle\":\nTrapping and diffusion of the trap may be compensated by an appropriate rate of\nbirth, such that the steady state of the system is identical with the\nequilibrium state in the absence of a trap."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chirality, causality, and fluctuation-dissipation theorems in\n  non-equilibrium steady states: Edges of some quantum Hall liquids and a number of other systems exhibit\nchiral transport: excitations can propagate in one direction only, e.g.,\nclockwise. We derive a family of fluctuation-dissipation relations in\nnon-equilibrium steady states of such chiral systems. The theorems connect\nnonlinear response with fluctuations far from thermal equilibrium and hold only\nin case of chiral transport. They can be used to test chiral or non-chiral\ncharacter of the system.",
        "positive": "Tightness of slip-linked polymer chains: We study the interplay between entropy and topological constraints for a\npolymer chain in which sliding rings (slip-links) enforce pair contacts between\nmonomers. These slip-links divide a closed ring polymer into a number of\nsub-loops which can exchange length between each other. In the ideal chain\nlimit, we find the joint probability density function for the sizes of segments\nwithin such a slip-linked polymer chain (paraknot). A particular segment is\ntight (small in size) or loose (of the order of the overall size of the\nparaknot) depending on both the number of slip-links it incorporates and its\ncompetition with other segments. When self-avoiding interactions are included,\nscaling arguments can be used to predict the statistics of segment sizes for\ncertain paraknot configurations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Symmetry-protected topological order and negative-sign problem for SO(N)\n  bilinear-biquadratic chains: Using a generalized Jordan-Wigner transformation combined with the defining\nrepresentation of the SO(N) spin, we map the SO(N) bilinear-biquadratic(BLBQ)\nspin chain into the N-color bosonic particle model. We find that, when the\nJordan-Wigner transformation disentangles the symmetry-protected topological\nentanglement, this bosonic model becomes negative-sign free in the context of\nquantum Monte-Carlo simulation. For the SO(3) case, moreover, the\nKennedy-Tasaki transformation for the S=1 BLBQ chain, which is also a\ntopological disentangler, derives the same bosonic model through the dimer-R\nbases. We present the temperature dependence of the energy, entropy and string\norder parameter for the SO(N=3, 4, 5) BLBQ chains by a world-line Monte-Carlo\nsimulation for the N-color bosonic particle model.",
        "positive": "First-Order to Second-Order Phase Transition Changeover and Latent Heats\n  of q-State Potts Models in d=2,3 from a Simple Migdal-Kadanoff Adaptation: The changeover from first-order to second-order phase transitions in q-state\nPotts models is obtained at q_c=2 in spatial dimension d=3 and essentially at\nq_c=4 in d=2, using a physically intuited simple adaptation of the\nMigdal-Kadanoff renormalization-group transformation. This simple procedure\nyields the latent heats at the first-order phase transitions. In both d=2 and\n3, the calculated phase transition temperatures, respectively compared with the\nexact self-duality and Monte Carlo results, are dramatically improved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Master equations and the theory of stochastic path integrals: This review provides a pedagogic and self-contained introduction to master\nequations and to their representation by path integrals. We discuss analytical\nand numerical methods for the solution of master equations, keeping our focus\non methods that are applicable even when stochastic fluctuations are strong.\nThe reviewed methods include the generating function technique and the Poisson\nrepresentation, as well as novel ways of mapping the forward and backward\nmaster equations onto linear partial differential equations (PDEs). Spectral\nmethods, WKB approximations, and a variational approach have been proposed for\nthe analysis of the PDE obeyed by the generating function. After outlining\nthese methods, we solve the derived PDEs in terms of two path integrals. The\npath integrals provide distinct exact representations of the conditional\nprobability distribution solving the master equations. We exemplify both path\nintegrals in analysing elementary chemical reactions. Furthermore, we review a\nmethod for the approximation of rare event probabilities and derive path\nintegral representations of Fokker-Planck equations. To make our review\naccessible to a broad community, we have used the language of probability\ntheory rather than quantum (field) theory. The probabilistic structures\nunderpinning various technical concepts, such as coherent states, the\nDoi-shift, and normal-ordered observables, are thereby made explicit.",
        "positive": "Importance of Positive Feedbacks and Over-confidence in a\n  Self-Fulfilling Ising Model of Financial Markets: Following a long tradition of physicists who have noticed that the Ising\nmodel provides a general background to build realistic models of social\ninteractions, we study a model of financial price dynamics resulting from the\ncollective aggregate decisions of agents. This model incorporates imitation,\nthe impact of external news and private information. It has the structure of a\ndynamical Ising model in which agents have two opinions (buy or sell) with\ncoupling coefficients which evolve in time with a memory of how past news have\nexplained realized market returns. We study two versions of the model, which\ndiffer on how the agents interpret the predictive power of news. We show that\nthe stylized facts of financial markets are reproduced only when agents are\nover-confident and mis-attribute the success of news to predict return to\nherding effects, thereby providing positive feedbacks leading to the model\nfunctioning close to the critical point. Our model exhibits a rich multifractal\nstructure characterized by a continuous spectrum of exponents of the power law\nrelaxation of endogenous bursts of volatility, in good agreement with previous\nanalytical predictions obtained with the multifractal random walk model and\nwith empirical facts."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Propagation and organization in lattice random media: We show that a signal can propagate in a particular direction through a model\nrandom medium regardless of the precise state of the medium. As a prototype, we\nconsider a point particle moving on a one-dimensional lattice whose sites are\noccupied by scatterers with the following properties: (i) the state of each\nsite is defined by its spin (up or down); (ii) the particle arriving at a site\nis scattered forward (backward) if the spin is up (down); (iii) the state of\nthe site is modified by the passage of the particle, i.e. the spin of the site\nwhere a scattering has taken place, flips ($\\uparrow \\Leftrightarrow \\downarrow\n$). We consider one dimensional and triangular lattices, for which we give a\nmicroscopic description of the dynamics, prove the propagation of a particle\nthrough the scatterers, and compute analytically its statistical properties. In\nparticular we prove that, in one dimension, the average propagation velocity is\n$<c(q)> = 1/(3-2q)$, with $q$ the probability that a site has a spin\n$\\uparrow$, and, in the triangular lattice, the average propagation velocity is\nindependent of the scatterers distribution: $<c> = 1/8$. In both cases, the\norigin of the propagation is a blocking mechanism, restricting the motion of\nthe particle in the direction opposite to the ultimate propagation direction,\nand there is a specific re-organization of the spins after the passage of the\nparticle. A detailed mathematical analysis of this phenomenon is, to the best\nof our knowledge, presented here for the first time.",
        "positive": "Exact Solution of the Discrete (1+1)-dimensional RSOS Model with Field\n  and Surface Interactions: We present the solution of a linear Restricted Solid--on--Solid (RSOS) model\nin a field. Aside from the origins of this model in the context of describing\nthe phase boundary in a magnet, interest also comes from more recent work on\nthe steady state of non-equilibrium models of molecular motors. While similar\nto a previously solved (non-restricted) SOS model in its physical behaviour,\nmathematically the solution is more complex. Involving basic hypergeometric\nfunctions ${}_3\\phi_2$, it introduces a new form of solution to the lexicon of\ndirected lattice path generating functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Macroscopic Car Condensation in a Parking Garage: An asymmetric exclusion process type process, where cars move forward along a\nclosed road that starts and terminates at a parking garage, displays dynamic\nphase transitions into two types of condensate phases where the garage becomes\nmacroscopically occupied. The total car density $\\rho_o$ and the exit\nprobability $\\alpha$ are the two control parameters. At the transition, the\nnumber of parked cars $N_p$ diverges in both cases, with the length of the road\n$N_s$, as $N_p\\sim N_s^{y_p}$ with $y_p=1/2$. Towards the transition, the\nnumber of parked cars vanishes as $N_p\\sim \\epsilon^\\beta$ with $\\beta=1$,\n$\\epsilon=|\\alpha -\\alpha^*|$ or $\\epsilon=|\\rho^*_o -\\rho_o|$ being the\ndistance from the transition. The transition into the normal phase represents\nalso the onset of transmission of information through the garage. This gives\nrise to unusual parked car autocorrelations and car density profiles near the\ngarage, which depend strongly on the group velocity of the fluctuations along\nthe road.",
        "positive": "Phase order in superfluid helium films: Classic experimental data on helium films are transformed to estimate a\nfinite-size phase order parameter that measures the thermal degradation of the\ncondensate fraction in the two-dimensional superfluid. The order parameter is\nfound to evolve thermally with the exponent $\\beta = 3 \\pi^2/128$, a\ncharacteristic, in analogous magnetic systems, of the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transition. Universal scaling near\nthe BKT fixed point generates a collapse of experimental data on helium and\nferromagnetic films, and implies new experiments and theoretical protocols to\nexplore the phase order. These results give a striking example of experimental\nfinite-size scaling in a critical system that is broadly relevant to\ntwo-dimensional Bose fluids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Skyrmionic textures in chiral magnets: In non-centrosymmetric magnets the chiral Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya exchange\nstabilizes Skyrmion-strings as excitations which may condense into multiply\nmodulated phases. Such extended Skyrmionic textures are determined by the\nstability of the localized \"solitonic\" Skyrmion cores and their geometrical\nincompatibility which frustrates regular space-filling. We present numerically\nexact solutions for Skyrmion lattices and formulate basic properties of the\nSkyrmionic states.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Search with Poisson and Deterministic Resetting: We investigate a stochastic search process in one, two, and three dimensions\nin which $N$ diffusing searchers that all start at $x_0$ seek a target at the\norigin. Each of the searchers is also reset to its starting point, either with\nrate $r$, or deterministically, with a reset time $T$. In one dimension and for\na small number of searchers, the search time and the search cost are minimized\nat a non-zero optimal reset rate (or time), while for sufficiently large $N$,\nresetting always hinders the search. In general, a single searcher leads to the\nminimum search cost in one, two, and three dimensions. When the resetting is\ndeterministic, several unexpected feature arise for $N$ searchers, including\nthe search time being independent of $T$ for $1/T\\to 0$ and the search cost\nbeing independent of $N$ over a suitable range of $N$. Moreover, deterministic\nresetting typically leads to a lower search cost than in stochastic resetting."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First passage time for superstatistical Fokker-Planck models: The first passage time (FPT) problem is studied for superstatistical models\nassuming that the mesoscopic system dynamics is described by a Fokker-Planck\nequation. We show that all moments of the random intensive parameter associated\nto the superstatistical approach can be put in one-to-one correspondence with\nthe moments of the FPT. For systems subjected to an additional uncorrelated\nexternal force, the same statistical information is obtained from the\ndependence of the FPT-moments on the external force. These results provide an\nalternative technique for checking the validity of superstatistical models. As\nan example, we characterize the mean FPT for a forced Brownian particle.",
        "positive": "Dimer diffusion in a washboard potential: The transport of a dimer, consisting of two Brownian particles bounded by a\nharmonic potential, moving on a periodic substrate is investigated both\nnumerically and analytically. The mobility and diffusion of the dimer center of\nmass present distinct properties when compared with those of a monomer under\nthe same transport conditions. Both the average current and the diffusion\ncoefficient are found to be complicated non-monotonic functions of the driving\nforce. The influence of dimer equilibrium length, coupling strength and damping\nconstant on the dimer transport properties are also examined in detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin and density overlaps in the frustrated Ising lattice gas: We perform large scale simulations of the frustrated Ising lattice gas, a\nthree-dimensional lattice model of a structural glass, using the parallel\ntempering technique. We evaluate the spin and density overlap distributions,\nand the corresponding non-linear susceptibilities, as a function of the\nchemical potential. We then evaluate the relaxation functions of the spin and\ndensity self-overlap, and study the behavior of the relaxation times. The\nresults suggest that the spin variables undergo a transition very similar to\nthe one of the Ising spin glass, while the density variables do not show any\nsign of transition at the same chemical potential. It may be that the density\nvariables undergo a transition at a higher chemical potential, inside the phase\nwhere the spins are frozen.",
        "positive": "Majorana fermions, supersymmetry and thermofield dynamics: In this work we show the existence of supersymmetry and degeneracy for an\narbitrary number of Majorana fermions (even or odd) without to invoke any\nsymmetry of Hamiltonian. Next, we analyze the supersymmetry at finite\ntemperature using the thermofield dynamics formalism. Furthermore we derive\nthermal braiding operators through the Bogoliubov transformations and we find\nits action on a thermal Bell state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Defensive alliances in spatial models of cyclical population\n  interactions: As a generalization of the 3-strategy Rock-Scissors-Paper game dynamics in\nspace, cyclical interaction models of six mutating species are studied on a\nsquare lattice, in which each species is supposed to have two dominant, two\nsubordinated and a neutral interacting partner. Depending on their interaction\ntopologies, these systems can be classified into four (isomorphic) groups\nexhibiting significantly different behaviors as a function of mutation rate. On\nthree out of four cases three (or four) species form defensive alliances which\nmaintain themselves in a self-organizing polydomain structure via cyclic\ninvasions. Varying the mutation rate this mechanism results in an ordering\nphenomenon analogous to that of magnetic Ising model.",
        "positive": "Stable simulation of fluid flow with high-Reynolds number using\n  Ehrenfests' steps: The Navier--Stokes equations arise naturally as a result of Ehrenfests'\ncoarse-graining in phase space after a period of free-flight dynamics. This\npoint of view allows for a very flexible approach to the simulation of fluid\nflow for high-Reynolds number. We construct regularisers for lattice Boltzmann\ncomputational models. These regularisers are based on Ehrenfests'\ncoarse-graining idea and could be applied to schemes with either entropic or\nnon-entropic quasiequilibria. We give a numerical scheme which gives good\nresults for the standard test cases of the shock tube and the flow past a\nsquare cylinder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarse-grained Mori-Zwanzig dynamics in a time-non-local\n  stationary-action framework: Coarse-grained (CG) models are simplified representations of soft matter\nsystems that are commonly employed to overcome size and time limitations in\ncomputational studies. Many approaches have been developed to construct and\nparametrise such effective models for a variety of systems of natural as well\nas artificial origin. However, while extremely accurate in reproducing the\nstationary and equilibrium observables obtained with more detailed\nrepresentations, CG models generally fail to preserve the original time scales\nof the reference system, and hence its dynamical properties. In order to\nimprove our understanding of the impact of coarse-graining on the model system\ndynamics, we here formulate the Mori-Zwanzig generalised Langevin equations\n(GLEs) of motion of a CG model in terms of a time non-local stationary-action\nprinciple. The latter is employed in combination with a data-driven\noptimisation strategy to determine the parameters of the GLE. We apply this\napproach to a system of water molecules in standard thermodynamical conditions,\nshowing that it can substantially improve the dynamical features of the\ncorresponding CG model.",
        "positive": "Fractal Growth with Quenched Disorder: In this lecture we present an overview of the physics of irreversible fractal\ngrowth process, with particular emphasis on a class of models characterized by\n{\\em quenched disorder}.\n  These models exhibit self-organization, with critical properties developing\nspontaneously, without the fine tuning of external parameters. This situation\nis different from the usual critical phenomena, and requires the introduction\nof new theoretical methods. Our approach to these problems is based on two\nconcepts, the Fixed Scale Transformation, and the quenched-stochastic\ntransformation, or Run Time Statistics (RTS), which maps a dynamics with\nquenched disorder into a stochastic process. These methods, combined together,\nallow us to understand the self-organized nature of models with quenched\ndisorder and to compute analytically their critical exponents. In addition, it\nis also possible characterize mathematically the origin of the dynamics by {\\em\navalanches} and compare it with the {\\em continuous growth} of other fractal\nmodels. A specific application to Invasion Percolation will be discussed. Some\npossible relations to glasses will also be mentioned."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Annular Bose-Einstein Condensates in the Lowest Landau Level: A rotating superfluid such as a Bose-Einstein condensate is usually described\nby the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) model. An important issue is to determine from\nthis model the properties of the quantized vortices that a superfluid nucleates\nwhen set into rotation. In this paper we address the minimization of a two\ndimensional GP energy functional describing a rotating annular Bose-Einstein\ncondensate. In a certain limit it is physically relevant to restrict the\nminimimization to the Lowest-Landau-Level, that is the first eigenspace of the\nGinzburg-Landau operator. Taking the particular structure of this space into\naccount we obtain theoretical results concerning the vortices of the\ncondensate. We also compute the vortices' locations by a numerical minimization\nprocedure. We find that they lie on a distorted lattice and that multiply\nquantized vortices appear in the central hole of low matter density.",
        "positive": "Langevin equation in heterogeneous landscapes: how to choose the\n  interpretation: The Langevin equation is a common tool to model diffusion at a\nsingle-particle level. In non-homogeneous environments, such as aqueous\ntwo-phase systems or biological condensates with different diffusion\ncoefficients in different phases, the solution to a Langevin equation is not\nunique unless the interpretation of stochastic integrals involved is selected.\nWe analyze the diffusion of particles in such systems and evaluate the mean,\nthe mean square displacement, and the distribution of particles, as well as the\nvariance of the time-averaged mean-squared displacements. Our analytical\nresults provide a method to choose the interpretation parameter from single\nparticle tracking experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The maximum entropy production principle and linear irreversible\n  processes: It is shown that Onsager's principle of the least dissipation of energy is\nequivalent to the maximum entropy production principle. It is known that\nsolutions of the linearized Boltzmann equation make extrema of entropy\nproduction. It is argued, in the case of stationary processes, that this\nextremum is a maximum rather than a minimum.",
        "positive": "Efficiency statistics at all times: Carnot limit at finite power: We derive the statistics of the efficiency under the assumption that\nthermodynamic fluxes fluctuate with normal law, parametrizing it in terms of\ntime, macroscopic efficiency, and a coupling parameter $\\zeta$. It has a\npeculiar behavior: No moments, one sub- and one super-Carnot maxima\ncorresponding to reverse operating regimes (engine/pump), the most probable\nefficiency decreasing in time. The limit $\\zeta\\to 0$ where the Carnot bound\ncan be saturated gives rise to two extreme situations, one where the machine\nworks at its macroscopic efficiency, with Carnot limit corresponding to no\nentropy production, and one where for a transient time scaling like $1/\\zeta$\nmicroscopic fluctuations are enhanced in such a way that the most probable\nefficiency approaches Carnot at finite entropy production."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free Energy Analysis of Spin Models on Hyperbolic Lattice Geometries: We investigate relations between spatial properties of the free energy and\nthe radius of Gaussian curvature of the underlying curved lattice geometries.\nFor this purpose we derive recurrence relations for the analysis of the free\nenergy normalized per lattice site of various multistate spin models in the\nthermal equilibrium on distinct non-Euclidean surface lattices of the infinite\nsizes. Whereas the free energy is calculated numerically by means of the Corner\nTransfer Matrix Renormalization Group algorithm, the radius of curvature has an\nanalytic expression. Two tasks are considered in this work. First, we search\nfor such a lattice geometry, which minimizes the free energy per site. We\nconjecture that the only Euclidean flat geometry results in the minimal free\nenergy per site regardless of the spin model. Second, the relations among the\nfree energy, the radius of curvature, and the phase transition temperatures are\nanalyzed. We found out that both the free energy and the phase transition\ntemperature inherit the structure of the lattice geometry and asymptotically\napproach the profile of the Gaussian radius of curvature. This achievement\nopens new perspectives in the AdS-CFT correspondence theories.",
        "positive": "Renormalization-group investigation of a superconducting $U(r)$-phase\n  transition using five loops calculations: We have studied a Fermi system with attractive $U(r)$-symmetric interaction\nat the finite temperatures by the quantum field renormalization group (RG)\nmethod. The RG functions have been calculated in the framework of dimensional\nregularization and minimal subtraction scheme up to five loops. It has been\nfound that for $r\\geq 4$ the RG flux leaves the system's stability region --\nthe system undergoes a first order phase transition. To estimate the\ntemperature of the transition to superconducting or superfluid phase the RG\nanalysis for composite operators has been performed using three-loops\napproximation. As the result this analysis shows that for $3D$ systems\nestimated phase transition temperature is higher then well known theoretical\nestimations based on continuous phase transition formalism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum fluctuations of systems of interacting electrons in two spatial\n  dimensions: The random matrix ensembles (RME) of quantum statistical Hamiltonian\noperators, e.g. Gaussian random matrix ensembles (GRME) and Ginibre random\nmatrix ensembles (Ginibre RME), are applied to following quantum statistical\nsystems: nuclear systems, molecular systems, and two-dimensional electron\nsystems (Wigner-Dyson electrostatic analogy). Measures of quantum chaos and\nquantum integrability with respect to eigenergies of quantum systems are\ndefined and calculated. Quantum statistical information functional is defined\nas negentropy (opposite of entropy or minus entropy). The distribution function\nfor the random matrix ensembles is derived from the maximum entropy principle.",
        "positive": "Superbosonization: We give a constructive proof for the superbosonization formula for invariant\nrandom matrix ensembles, which is the supersymmetry analog of the theory of\nWishart matrices. Formulas are given for unitary, orthogonal and symplectic\nsymmetry, but worked out explicitly only for the orthogonal case. The method\npromises to become a powerful tool for investigating the universality of\nspectral correlation functions for a broad class of random matrix ensembles of\nnon-Gaussian type."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hierarchy of Critical Exponents on Sierpinski fractal resistor networks: Using the S_3-symmetry of Sierpinski fractal resistor networks we determine\nthe current distribution as well as the multifractals spectrum of moments of\ncurrent distribution by using the real space renormalization group technique\nbased on ([q/4]+1) independent Schure's invariant polynomials of inwards\nflowing currents.",
        "positive": "Non-Makovian decoherence of a two-level system weakly coupled to a\n  bosonic bath: Bloch-Redfield equation is a common tool for studying evolution of qubit\nsystems weakly coupled to environment. We investigate the accuracy of the Born\napproximation underlying this equation. We find that the high order terms in\nthe perturbative expansion contain accumulating divergences that make\nstraightforward Born approximation inappropriate. We develop diagrammatic\ntechnique to formulate, and solve the improved self-consistent Born\napproximation. This more accurate treatment reveals an exponential time\ndependent prefactor in the non-Markovian contribution dominating the qubit\nlong-time relaxation found in Phys. Rev. B 71, 035318 (2005). At the same time,\nthe associated dephasing is not affected and is described by the Born-Markov\napproximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "$c$-function and central charge of the sine-Gordon model from the\n  non-perturbative renormalization group flow: In this paper we study the $c$-function of the sine-Gordon model taking\nexplicitly into account the periodicity of the interaction potential. The\nintegration of the $c$-function along trajectories of the non-perturbative\nrenormalization group flow gives access to the central charges of the model in\nthe fixed points. The results at vanishing frequency $\\beta^2$, where the\nperiodicity does not play a role, are retrieved and the independence on the\ncutoff regulator for small frequencies is discussed. Our findings show that the\ncentral charge obtained integrating the trajectories starting from the\nrepulsive low-frequencies fixed points ($\\beta^2 <8\\pi$) to the infrared limit\nis in good quantitative agreement with the expected $\\Delta c=1$ result. The\nbehavior of the $c$-function in the other parts of the flow diagram is also\ndiscussed. Finally, we point out that also including higher harmonics in the\nrenormalization group treatment at the level of local potential approximation\nis not sufficient to give reasonable results, even if the periodicity is taken\ninto account. Rather, incorporating the wave-function renormalization (i. e.\ngoing beyond local potential approximation) is crucial to get sensible results\neven when a single frequency is used.",
        "positive": "Cluster variation - Pade` approximants method for the simple cubic Ising\n  model: The cluster variation - Pade` approximant method is a recently proposed tool,\nbased on the extrapolation of low/high temperature results obtained with the\ncluster variation method, for the determination of critical parameters in\nIsing-like models. Here the method is applied to the three-dimensional simple\ncubic Ising model, and new results, obtained with an 18-site basic cluster, are\nreported. Other techniques for extracting non-classical critical exponents are\nalso applied and their results compared with those by the cluster variation -\nPade` approximant method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Performance scaling and trade-offs for collective motor-driven transport: Motor-driven intracellular transport of organelles, vesicles, and other\nmolecular cargo is a highly collective process. An individual cargo is often\npulled by a team of transport motors, with numbers ranging from only a few to\nseveral hundred. We explore the behavior of these systems using a stochastic\nmodel for transport of molecular cargo by an arbitrary number N of motors\nobeying linear Langevin dynamics, finding analytic solutions for the\nN-dependence of the velocity, precision of forward progress, energy flows\nbetween different system components, and efficiency. In two opposing regimes,\nwe show that these properties obey simple scaling laws with N. Finally, we\nexplore trade-offs between performance metrics as N is varied, providing\ninsight into how different numbers of motors might be well-matched to distinct\ncontexts where different performance metrics are prioritized.",
        "positive": "The power of being explicit: demystifying work, heat, and free energy in\n  the physics of computation: Interest in the thermodynamics of computation has revived in recent years,\ndriven by developments in science, economics and technology. Given the\nconsequences of the growing demand for computational power, the idea of\nreducing the energy cost of computations has gained new importance.\nSimultaneously, many biological networks are now interpreted as\ninformation-processing or computational systems constrained by their underlying\nthermodynamics. Indeed, some suggest that low-cost, high-density biological\nsystems may help to mitigate the rising demand for computational power and the\n\"end\" of Moore's law of exponential growth in the density of transistors.\n  In this chapter we address widespread misconceptions about thermodynamics and\nthe thermodynamics of computation. In particular, we will argue against the\ngeneral perception that a measurement or copy operation can be performed at no\ncost, against the emphasis placed on the significance of erasure operations,\nand against the careless discussion of heat and work. While not universal,\nthese misconceptions are sufficiently prevalent (particularly within\ninterdisciplinary contexts) to warrant a detailed discussion. In the process,\nwe will argue that explicitly representing fundamental processes is a useful\ntool, serving to demystify key concepts.\n  We first give a brief overview of thermodynamics, then the history of the\nthermodynamics of computation - particularly in terms of copy and measurement\noperations inherent to classic thought experiments. Subsequently, we analyse\nthese ideas via an explicit biochemical representation of the entire cycle of\nSzilard's engine. In doing so we show that molecular computation is both a\npromising engineering paradigm, and a valuable tool in providing fundamental\nunderstanding."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An exact solution to asymptotic Bethe equation: We present an exact solution to the asymptotic Bethe equation of weakly\nanisotropic Heisenberg spin chain, which is a set of non-linear algebraic\nequations. The solution describes the low-energy excitations above\nferromagnetic ground state with fixed magnetisation, and it has a close\nrelation to generalised Jacobi polynomial. It is equivalent to a generalised\nStieltjes problem and in the continuous limit, it becomes a Riemann-Hilbert\nproblem closely related to the finite-gap solutions of classical\nLandau-Lifshitz field theory.",
        "positive": "Walks on weighted networks: We investigate the dynamics of random walks on weighted networks. Assuming\nthat the edge's weight and the node's strength are used as local information by\na random walker, we study two kinds of walks, weight-dependent walk and\nstrength-dependent walk. Exact expressions for stationary distribution and\naverage return time are derived and confirmed by computer simulations. We\ncalculate the distribution of average return time and the mean-square\ndisplacement for two walks on the BBV networks, and find that a\nweight-dependent walker can arrive at a new territory more easily than a\nstrength-dependent one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Zeros of partition functions in the NPT-ensemble: Lee-Yang and Fisher zeros are crucial for the study of phase transitions in\nthe grand canonical and the canonical ensembles, respectively. However, these\npowerful methods do not cover the isothermal-isobaric ensemble (NPT ensemble),\nwhich reflects the conditions of many experiments. In this work we present a\ntheory of the phase transitions in terms of the zeros of the NPT-ensemble\npartition functions in the complex plane. The proposed theory provides an\napproach to calculate all the partition function zeros in the NPT ensemble,\nwhich form certain curves in the thermodynamic limit. To verify the theory we\nconsider Tonks gas and van der Waals fluid in the NPT ensemble. In the case of\nTonks gas, similarly to the Lee-Yang circle theorem, we obtain an exact\nequation for the zero limit curve. We also derive an approximated limit curve\nequation for van der Waals fluid in terms of the Szeg\\\"o curve. This curve fits\nnumerically calculated zeros and correctly describes how the phenomenon of\nphase transition depends on the temperature.",
        "positive": "Retainability of canonical distributions for a Brownian particle\n  controlled by a time-dependent harmonic potential: The retainability of canonical distributions for a Brownian particle\ncontrolled by a time-dependent harmonic potential is investigated in the\noverdamped and underdamped situations, respectively. Because of different time\nscales, the overdamped and underdamped Langevin equations (as well as the\ncorresponding Fokker-Planck equations) lead to distinctive restrictions on\nprotocols maintaining canonical distributions. Two special cases are analyzed\nin details: First, a Brownian particle is controlled by a time-dependent\nharmonic potential and embedded in medium with constant temperature; Second, a\nBrownian particle is controlled by a time-dependent harmonic potential and\nembedded in a medium whose temperature is tuned together with the potential\nstiffness to keep a constant effective temperature of the Brownian particle. We\nfind that the canonical distributions are usually retainable for both the\noverdamped and underdamped situations in the former case. However, the\ncanonical distributions are retainable merely for the overdamped situation in\nthe latter case. We also investigate general time-dependent potentials beyond\nthe harmonic form and find that the retainability of canonical distributions\ndepends sensitively on the specific form of potentials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium phase transition by directed Potts particles: We introduce an interface model with q-fold symmetry to study the\nnonequilibrium phase transition (NPT) from an active to an inactive state at\nthe bottom layer. In the model, q different species of particles are deposited\nor are evaporated according to a dynamic rule, which includes the interaction\nbetween neighboring particles within the same layer. The NPT is classified\naccording to the number of species q. For q=1 and 2, the NPT is characterized\nby directed percolation, and the directed Ising class, respectively. For $q \\ge\n3$, the NPT occurs at finite critical probability p_c, and appears to be\nindependent of q; the $q=\\infty$ case is related to the Edwards-Wilkinson\ninterface dynamics.",
        "positive": "Deterministic dynamics of overactive Brownian particle in 2D and 3D\n  potential wells: We study deterministic dynamics of overactive Brownian particles in 2D and 3D\npotentials. This dynamics is Hamiltonian. Integrals of motion for continuous\nrotational symmetries are reported. The cases of 2D, axisymmetric and\nnon-axisymmetric 3D potentials are characterized and compared to each other.\nThe strong impact of the rotational symmetry integrals of motion on the chaotic\nand quasiperiodic orbits is revealed. The scattering cross section is reported\nfor spherically symmetric Gaussian-shape potential wells and obstacles as a\nfunction of self-propulsion speed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean first-passage time for random walks on the T-graph: For random walks on networks (graphs), it is a theoretical challenge to\nexplicitly determine the mean first-passage time (MFPT) between two nodes\naveraged over all pairs. In this paper, we study the MFPT of random walks in\nthe famous T-graph, linking this important quantity to the resistance distance\nin electronic networks. We obtain an exact formula for the MFPT that is\nconfirmed by extensive numerical calculations. The interesting quantity is\nderived through the recurrence relations resulting from the self-similar\nstructure of the T-graph. The obtained closed-form expression exhibits that the\nMFPT approximately increases as a power-law function of the number of nodes,\nwith the exponent lying between 1 and 2. Our research may shed light on the\ndeeper understanding of random walks on the T-graph.",
        "positive": "Molecular dynamics and theory for the contact values of the radial\n  distribution functions of hard-disk fluid mixtures: We report molecular dynamics results for the contact values of the radial\ndistribution functions of binary additive mixtures of hard disks. The\nsimulation data are compared with theoretical predictions from expressions\nproposed by Jenkins and Mancini [J. Appl. Mech. \\textbf{54}, 27 (1987)] and\nSantos et al. [J. Chem. Phys. \\textbf{117}, 5785 (2002)]. Both theories agree\nquantitatively within a very small margin, which renders the former still a\nvery useful and simple tool to work with. The latter (higher-order and\nself-consistent) theory provides a small qualitative correction for low\ndensities and is superior especially in the high-density domain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inhomogeneous Systems and their Rectification Properties: We explore the possibility of obtaining unidirectional current in a symmetric\n(periodic) potential system without the application of any obvious (apparent)\nexternally applied bias. There are many physical models proposed to accomplish\nthis nonequilibrium effect. In the present work we consider inhomogeneous\nsystems so that the friction coefficient and/or temperature could vary in\nspace. We find out a model with minimal conditions that the inhomogeneous\nsystem assisted by fluctuating forces must satisfy, in order to obtain\nunidirectional current. In the process we discuss about thermal and frictional\nratchets that are of current interest. We argue that different models of\nfrictional ratchets work under the same basic principle of alteration of\nrelative stability of otherwise locally stable states in the presence of\ntemperature inhomogeneity. We also discuss in detail the nature of currents in\nrocked frictional ratchets. In particular we analyse a novel phenomenon of\nmultiple current reversals and the efficiency of the energy transduction in\nthese systems.",
        "positive": "The Onsager Algebra Symmetry of $\u03c4^{(j)}$-matrices in the\n  Superintegrable Chiral Potts Model: We demonstrate that the $\\tau^{(j)}$-matrices in the superintegrable chiral\nPotts model possess the Onsager algebra symmetry for their degenerate\neigenvalues. The Fabricius-McCoy comparison of functional relations of the\neight-vertex model for roots of unity and the superintegrable chiral Potts\nmodel has been carefully analyzed by identifying equivalent terms in the\ncorresponding equations, by which we extract the conjectured relation of\n$Q$-operators and all fusion matrices in the eight-vertex model corresponding\nto the $T\\hat{T}$-relation in the chiral Potts model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noisy continuous time random walks: Experimental studies of the diffusion of biomolecules in the environment of\nbiological cells are routinely confronted with multiple sources of\nstochasticity, whose identification renders the detailed data analysis of\nsingle molecule trajectories quite intricate. Here we consider subdiffusive\ncontinuous time random walks, that represent a seminal model for the anomalous\ndiffusion of tracer particles in complex environments. This motion is\ncharacterized by multiple trapping events with infinite mean sojourn time. In\nreal physical situations, however, instead of the full immobilization predicted\nby the continuous time random walk model, the motion of the tracer particle\nshows additional jiggling, for instance, due to thermal agitation of the\nenvironment. We here present and analyze in detail an extension of the\ncontinuous time random walk model. Superimposing the multiple trapping behavior\nwith additive Gaussian noise of variable strength, we demonstrate that the\nresulting process exhibits a rich variety of apparent dynamic regimes. In\nparticular, such noisy continuous time random walks may appear ergodic while\nthe naked continuous time random walk exhibits weak ergodicity breaking.\nDetailed knowledge of this behavior will be useful for the truthful physical\nanalysis of experimentally observed subdiffusion.",
        "positive": "Universality of fractal to non-fractal morphological transitions in\n  stochastic growth processes: Stochastic growth processes give rise to diverse intricate structures\neverywhere and across all scales in nature. Despite the seemingly unrelated\ncomplex phenomena at their origin, the Laplacian growth theory has succeeded in\nunifying their treatment under one framework, nonetheless, important aspects\nregarding fractal to non-fractal morphological transitions, coming from the\ncompetition between screening and anisotropy-driven forces, still lacks a\ncomprehensive description. Here we provide such unified description,\nencompassing all the known characteristics for these transitions, as well as\nnew universal ones, through the statistical mix of basic models of\nparticle-aggregation and the introduction of a phenomenological physically\nmeaningful dimensionality function, that characterizes the fractality of a\nsymmetry-breaking process induced by a generalized anisotropy-driven force. We\nalso show that the generalized Laplacian growth (dielectric breakdown) model\nbelongs to this class. Moreover, our results provide important insights on the\ndynamical origins of mono/multi-fractality in pattern formation, that generally\noccur in far-from-equilibrium processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solvable model of a self-gravitating system: We introduce and discuss an effective model of a self-gravitating system\nwhose equilibrium thermodynamics can be solved in both the microcanonical and\nthe canonical ensemble, up to a maximization with respect to a single variable.\nSuch a model can be derived from a model of self-gravitating particles confined\non a ring, referred to as the self-gravitating ring (SGR) model, allowing a\nquantitative comparison between the thermodynamics of the two models. Despite\nthe rather crude approximations involved in its derivation, the effective model\ncompares quite well with the SGR model. Moreover, we discuss the relation\nbetween the effective model presented here and another model introduced by\nThirring forty years ago. The two models are very similar and can be considered\nas examples of a class of minimal models of self-gravitating systems.",
        "positive": "An ES-BGK model for vibrational polyatomic gases: We propose an extension of the Ellipsoidal-Statistical BGK model to account\nfor discrete levels of vibrational energy in a rarefied polyatomic gas. This\nmodel satisfies an H-theorem and contains parameters that allow to fit almost\narbitrary values for the Prandtl number and the relaxation times of rotational\nand vibrational energies. With the reduced distribution technique , this model\ncan be reduced to a three distribution system that could be used to simulate\npolyatomic gases with rotational and vibrational energy for a computational\ncost close to that of a simple monoatomic gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Freezing by Heating in a Driven Mesoscopic System: We investigate a simple model corresponding to particles driven in opposite\ndirections and interacting via a repulsive potential. The particles move\noff-lattice on a periodic strip and are subject to random forces as well. We\nshow that this model - which can be considered as a continuum version of some\ndriven diffusive systems - exhibits a paradoxial, new kind of transition called\nhere ``freezing by heating''. One interesting feature of this transition is\nthat a crystallized state with a higher total energy is obtained from a fluid\nstate by increasing the amount of fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Exactly solvable subspaces of non-integrable spin chains with boundaries\n  and quasiparticle interactions: We propose two new strategies to construct a family of non-integrable spin\nchains with exactly solvable subspace based on the idea of quasiparticle\nexcitations from the matrix product vacuum state. The first one allows the\nboundary generalization, while the second one makes it possible to construct\nthe solvable subspace with interacting quasiparticles. Each generalization is\nrealized by removing the assumption made in the conventional method, which is\nthe frustration-free condition or the local orthogonality, respectively. We\nfound that the structure of embedded equally-spaced energy spectrum is not\nviolated by the diagonal boundaries, as log as quasiparticles are\nnon-interacting in the invariant subspace. On the other hand, we show that\nthere exists a one-parameter family of non-integrable Hamiltonians which show\nperfectly embedded energy spectrum of the integrable spin chain. Surprisingly,\nthe embedded energy spectrum does change by varying the free parameter of the\nHamiltonian. The constructed eigenstates in the solvable subspace are the\ncandidates of quantum many-body scar states, as they show up in the middle of\nthe energy spectrum and have entanglement entropies expected to obey the\nsub-volume law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Yang-Lee Edge Singularity and Related Problems: The Yang-Lee edge singularity is a prototypical example of the application of\nrenormalization group ideas to critical behavior, and one to which Michael\nFisher made several important contributions. Moreover it has connections to\nseveral other problems such as the statistics of branched polymers, and its\nscaling limit in two dimensions provides a simple example of integrable field\ntheory. This article aims to give a pedagogical introduction to these matters,\nwith a few new ideas thrown in.",
        "positive": "Capillary ordering and layering transitions in two-dimensional hard-rod\n  fluids: In this article we calculate the surface phase diagram of a two-dimensional\nhard-rod fluid confined between two hard lines. In a first stage we study the\nsemi-infinite system consisting of an isotropic fluid in contact with a single\nhard line. We have found complete wetting by the columnar phase at the\nwall-isotropic fluid interface. When the fluid is confined between two hard\nwalls, capillary columnar ordering occurs via a first-order phase transition.\nFor higher chemical potentials the system exhibits layering transitions even\nfor very narrow slits (near the one-dimensional limit). The theoretical model\nused was a density-functional theory based on the Fundamental-Measure\nFunctional applied to a fluid of hard rectangles in the restricted-orientation\napproximation (Zwanzig model). The results presented here can be checked\nexperimentally in two-dimensional granular media made of rods, where vertical\nmotions induced by an external source and excluded volume interactions between\nthe grains allow the system to explore those stationary states which\nentropically maximize packing configurations. We claim that some of the surface\nphenomena found here can be present in two-dimensional granular-media fluids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kibble-Zurek scaling of the irreversible entropy production: If a system is driven at finite-rate through a phase transition by varying an\nintensive parameter, the order parameter shatters into finite domains. The\nKibble-Zurek mechanism predicts the typical size of these domains, which are\ngoverned only by the rate of driving and the spatial and dynamical critical\nexponents. We show that also the irreversible entropy production fulfills a\nuniversal behavior, which however is determined by an additional critical\nexponent corresponding to the intensive control parameter. Our universal\nprediction is numerically tested in two systems exhibiting noise-induced phase\ntransitions.",
        "positive": "Two-state Markovian theory of input-output frequency and phase\n  synchronization: A Markovian dichotomic system driven by a deterministic time-periodic force\nis analyzed in terms of the statistical properties of the switching events\nbetween the states. The consideration of the counting process of the switching\nevents leads us to define a discrete phase. We obtain expressions for the\ninstantaneous output frequency and phase diffusion associated to the dichotomic\nprocess, as well as for their cycle averages. These expressions are completely\ndetermined by the rates of escape from both states. They are a convenient\nstarting point for the study of the stochastic frequency and phase\nsynchronization in a wide range of situations (both classical and quantum) in\nwhich two metastable states are involved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First passage statistics of active random walks on one and two\n  dimensional lattices: We investigate the first passage statistics of active continuous time random\nwalks with Poissonian waiting time distribution on a one dimensional infinite\nlattice and a two dimensional infinite square lattice. We study the small and\nlarge time properties of the probability of the first return to the origin as\nwell as the probability of the first passage to an arbitrary lattice site. It\nis well known that the occupation probabilities of an active particle resemble\nthat of an ordinary Brownian motion with an effective diffusion constant at\nlarge times. Interestingly, we demonstrate that even at the leading order, the\nfirst passage probabilities are not given by a simple effective diffusion\nconstant. We demonstrate that at late times, activity enhances the probability\nof the first return to the origin and the probabilities of the first passage to\nlattice sites close enough to the origin, which we quantify in terms of the\nP\\'eclet number. Additionally, we derive the first passage probabilities of a\nsymmetric random walker and a biased random walker without activity as limiting\ncases. We verify our analytic results by performing kinetic Monte Carlo\nsimulations of an active random walker in one and two dimensions.",
        "positive": "Extracting energy from non-equilibrium fluctuations without using\n  information: Extracting energy from fluctuations has been an everlasting endeavor. An\nimportant strategy is to use information-based operation, which allows energy\nextraction even from thermal fluctuations. However, it remains unclear whether\na blind external operation, ignorant of such fluctuations, will also work.\nAssuming such a small operation, we find that energy extraction requires a\nnegative response spectrum in a certain frequency region, which inevitably\nrequires an internal power source to maintain. Energy is then extracted by\noperating the system at these frequencies. Negative response is intrinsic to\nany system that adapts to a slow external operation, which could be realized\nthrough integral feedback control. These are demonstrated through a solvable\nmodel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Circles of equal radii randomly placed on a plane: some rigorous\n  results, asymptotic behavior, and application to transparent electrodes: We consider $N$ circles of equal radii, $r$, having their centers randomly\nplaced within a square domain $\\mathcal{D}$ of size $L \\times L$ with periodic\nboundary conditions ($\\mathcal{D} \\in \\mathbb{R}^2$). When two or more circles\nintersect each other, each circle is divided by the intersection points into\nseveral arcs. We found the exact length distribution of the arcs. In the\nlimiting case of dense systems and large size of the domain $\\mathcal{D}$ ($L\n\\to \\infty$ in such a way that the number of circle per unit area, $n=N/L^2$,\nis constant), the arc distribution approaches the probability density function\n(PDF) $f(\\psi) = 4 n r^2\\exp(-4 n r^2 \\psi)$, where $\\psi$ is the central angle\nsubtended by the arc. This PDF is then used to estimate the sheet resistance of\ntransparent electrodes based on conductive rings randomly placed onto a\ntransparent insulating film.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of quantum phase transitions in Dicke and Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick\n  models: We consider dynamics of Dicke models, with and without counterrotating terms,\nunder slow variations of parameters which drive the system through a quantum\nphase transition. The model without counterrotating terms and sweeped detuning\nis seen in the contexts of a many-body generalization of the Landau-Zener model\nand the dynamical passage through a second-order quantum phase transition\n(QPT). Adiabaticity is destroyed when the parameter crosses a critical value.\nApplying semiclassical analysis based on concepts of classical adiabatic\ninvariants and mapping to the second Painleve equation (PII), we derive a\nformula which accurately describes particle distributions in the Hilbert space\nat wide range of parameters and initial conditions of the system. We find\nstriking universal features in the particle distributions which can be probed\nin an experiment on Feshbach resonance passage or a cavity QED experiment. The\ndynamics is found to be crucially dependent on the direction of the sweep. The\nmodel with counterrotating terms has been realized recently in an experiment\nwith ultracold atomic gases in a cavity. Its semiclassical dynamics is\ndescribed by a Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom. Passage through\na QPT corresponds to passage through a bifurcation, and can also be described\nby PII (after averaging over fast variables), leading to similar universal\ndistributions. Under certain conditions, the Dicke model is reduced to the\nLipkin-Meshkov-Glick model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonconcave entropies from generalized canonical ensembles: It is well-known that the entropy of the microcanonical ensemble cannot be\ncalculated as the Legendre transform of the canonical free energy when the\nentropy is nonconcave. To circumvent this problem, a generalization of the\ncanonical ensemble which allows for the calculation of nonconcave entropies was\nrecently proposed. Here, we study the mean-field Curie-Weiss-Potts spin model\nand show, by direct calculations, that the nonconcave entropy of this model can\nbe obtained by using a specific instance of the generalized canonical ensemble\nknown as the Gaussian ensemble.",
        "positive": "Field-driven transition in an Ising magnet with mixed interactions: Transfer-matrix methods are used, in conjunction with finite-size scaling and\nconformal invariance concepts, to generate an accurate phase diagram for a\ntwo-dimensional square-lattice Ising spin-1/2 magnet, with couplings which are\npositive along one coordinate axis, and negative along the other, in a uniform\nexternal field. Our results indicate that the critical line starts horizontally\nat the zero-temperature end of the phase boundary, at variance with the\nreentrant behavior predicted in some earlier studies. Estimates of the thermal\nscaling exponent are very close to the Ising value $y_T=1$ along the critical\nline, except near T=0 where strong crossover effects prevent a reliable\nanalysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional Diffusion based on Riemann-Liouville Fractional Derivatives: A fractional diffusion equation based on Riemann-Liouville fractional\nderivatives is solved exactly. The initial values are given as fractional\nintegrals. The solution is obtained in terms of $H$-functions. It differs from\nthe known solution of fractional diffusion equations based on fractional\nintegrals. The solution of fractional diffusion based on a Riemann-Liouville\nfractional time derivative does not admit a probabilistic interpretation in\ncontrast with fractional diffusion based on fractional integrals. While the\nfractional initial value problem is well defined and the solution finite at all\ntimes its values for $t\\to 0$ are divergent.",
        "positive": "Evolving networks consist of cliques: Many real networks have cliques as their constitutional units. Here we\npresent a family of scale-free network model consist of cliques, which is\nestablished by a simple recursive algorithm. We investigate the networks both\nanalytically and numerically. The obtained analytical solution shows that the\nnetworks follow a power-law degree distribution, with degree exponent\ncontinuously tuned between 2 and 3, coinciding with the empirically found\nresults. The exact expression of clustering coefficient is also provided for\nthe networks. Furthermore, the investigation of the average path length reveals\nthat the networks possess small-world feature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Folding Pathways of Prion and Doppel: The relevance of various residue positions for the stability and the folding\ncharacteristics of the prion protein are investigated by using molecular\ndynamics simulations of models exploiting the topology of the native state.\nHighly significant correlations are found between the most relevant sites in\nour analysis and the single point mutations known to be associated with the\narousal of the genetic forms of prion disease (caused by the conformational\nchange from the cellular to the scrapie isoform). Considerable insight into the\nconformational change is provided by comparing the folding process of prion and\ndoppel (a newly discovered protein) sharing very similar native state topology:\nthe folding pathways of the former can be grouped in two main classes according\nto which tertiary structure contacts are formed first enroute to the native\nstate. For the latter a single class of pathways leads to the native state. Our\nresults are consistent and supportive of the recent experimental findings that\ndoppel lacks the scrapie isoform and that such remarkably different behavior\nresults from differences in the region containing the two $\\beta-$strands and\nthe intervening helix.",
        "positive": "Density of near-extreme events: We provide a quantitative analysis of the phenomenon of crowding of\nnear-extreme events by computing exactly the density of states (DOS) near the\nmaximum of a set of independent and identically distributed random variables.\nWe show that the mean DOS converges to three different limiting forms depending\non whether the tail of the distribution of the random variables decays slower\nthan, faster than, or as a pure exponential function. We argue that some of\nthese results would remain valid even for certain {\\em correlated} cases and\nverify it for power-law correlated stationary Gaussian sequences. Satisfactory\nagreement is found between the near-maximum crowding in the summer temperature\nreconstruction data of western Siberia and the theoretical prediction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A framework towards understanding mesoscopic phenomena: Emergent\n  unpredictability, symmetry breaking and dynamics across scales: By integrating 4 lines of thoughts: symmetry breaking originally advanced by\nAnderson, bifurcation from nonlinear dynamics, Landau's theory of phase\ntransition, and the mechanism of emergent rare events studied by Kramers, we\nintroduce a possible framework for understanding mesoscopic dynamics that links\n(i) fast lower level microscopic motions, (ii) movements within each basin at\nthe mid-level, and (iii) higher-level rare transitions between neighboring\nbasins, which have rates that decrease exponentially with the size of the\nsystem. In this mesoscopic framework, multiple attractors arise as emergent\nproperties of the nonlinear systems. The interplay between the stochasticity\nand nonlinearity leads to successive jump-like transitions among different\nbasins. We argue each transition is a dynamic symmetry breaking, with the\npotential of exhibiting Thom-Zeeman catastrophe as well as phase transition\nwith the breakdown of ergodicity (e.g., cell differentiation). The slow-time\ndynamics of the nonlinear mesoscopic system is not deterministic, rather it is\na discrete stochastic jump process. The existence of these discrete states and\nthe Markov transitions among them are both emergent phenomena. This emergent\nstochastic jump dynamics then serves as the stochastic element for the\nnonlinear dynamics of a higher level aggregates on an even larger spatial and\nslower time scales (e.g., evolution). This description captures the\nhierarchical structure outlined by Anderson and illustrates two distinct types\nof limit of a mesoscopic dynamics: A long-time ensemble thermodynamics in terms\nof time $t$ tending infinity followed by the size of the system $N$ tending\ninfinity, and a short-time trajectory steady state with $N$ tending infinity\nfollowed by $t$ tending infinity. With these limits, symmetry breaking and cusp\ncatastrophe are two perspectives of the same mesoscopic system on different\ntime scales.",
        "positive": "Quantum XX-model with competing short- and long-range interactions:\n  Phases and phase transitions in and out of equilibrium: We consider the quantum XX-model in the presence of competing\nnearest-neighbour and global-range interactions, which is equivalent to a\nBose-Hubbard model with cavity mediated global range interactions in the hard\ncore boson limit. Using fermionic techniques the problem is solved exactly in\none dimension in the thermodynamic limit. The ground state phase diagram\nconsists of two ordered phases: ferromagnetic (F) and antiferromagnetic (AF),\nas well as an XY-phase having quasi-long-range order. We have also studied\nquantum relaxation after sudden quenches. Quenching from the AF phase to the XY\nregion remanent AF order is observed below a dynamical transition line. In the\nopposite quench, from the XY region to the AF-phase beyond a static\nmetastability line AF order arises on top of remanent XY quasi-long-range\norder, which corresponds to dynamically generated supersolid state in the\nequivalent Bose-Hubbard model with hard-core bosons."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Scaling of Fracture Surfaces: We argue that fracture surfaces may exhibit anomalous dynamic scaling\nproperties akin to what occurs in some models of kinetic roughening. We\ndetermine the complete scaling behavior of the local fluctuations of a brittle\nfracture in a granite block from experimental data. We obtain a global\nroughness exponent $\\chi = 1.2$ which differs from the local one, $\\chi_{loc} =\n0.79$. Implications on fracture physics are discussed.",
        "positive": "Matrix Product Eigenstates for One-Dimensional Stochastic Models and\n  Quantum Spin Chains: We show that all zero energy eigenstates of an arbitrary $m$--state quantum\nspin chain Hamiltonian with nearest neighbor interaction in the bulk and single\nsite boundary terms, which can also describe the dynamics of stochastic models,\ncan be written as matrix product states. This means that the weights in these\nstates can be expressed as expectation values in a Fock representation of an\nalgebra generated by $2m$ operators fulfilling $m^2$ quadratic relations which\nare defined by the Hamiltonian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Parallel Temperature Interfaces in the Katz-Lebowitz-Spohn Driven\n  Lattice Gas: We explore a variant of the Katz-Lebowitz-Spohn (KLS) driven lattice gas in\ntwo dimensions, where the lattice is split into two regions that are coupled to\nheat baths with distinct temperatures. The temperature boundaries are oriented\nparallel to the external particle drive. If the hopping rates at the interfaces\nsatisfy particle-hole symmetry, the current difference across them generates a\nvector flow diagram akin to a vortex sheet. We have studied the finite-size\nscaling of the particle density fluctuations in both temperature regions, and\nobserved that it is controlled by the respective temperature values. If the\ncolder subsystem is maintained at the KLS critical temperature, while the\nhotter subsystem's temperature is set much higher, the interface current\ngreatly suppresses particle exchange between the two regions. As a result of\nthe ensuing effective subsystem decoupling, strong fluctuations persist in the\ncritical region, whence the particle density fluctuations scale with the KLS\ncritical exponents. However, if both temperatures are set well above the\ncritical temperature, the particle density fluctuations scale according to the\ntotally asymmetric exclusion process (TASEP). We have also measured the entropy\nproduction rate in both subsystems; it displays intriguing algebraic decay in\nthe critical region, while it saturates quickly at a small but non-zero level\nin the hotter region. We have also considered another possible choice of the\nhopping rates across the temperature interfaces that explicitly breaks\nparticle-hole symmetry. In that case the boundary rates induce a net particle\nflux across the interfaces that displays power-law behavior, until ultimately\nthe particle exclusion constraints generate a clogging transition to an inert\nstate.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic and Stoichiometric Laws Ruling the Fates of Growing\n  Systems: We delve into growing open chemical reaction systems (CRSs) characterized by\nautocatalytic reactions within a variable volume, which changes in response to\nthese reactions. Understanding the thermodynamics of such systems is crucial\nfor comprehending biological cells and constructing protocells, as it sheds\nlight on the physical conditions necessary for their self-replication. Building\non our recent work, where we developed a thermodynamic theory for growing CRSs\nfeaturing basic autocatalytic motifs with regular stoichiometric matrices, we\nnow expand this theory to include scenarios where the stoichiometric matrix has\na nontrivial left kernel space. This extension introduces conservation laws,\nwhich limit the variations in chemical species due to reactions, thereby\nconfining the system's possible states to those compatible with its initial\nconditions. By considering both thermodynamic and stoichiometric constraints,\nwe clarify the environmental and initial conditions that dictate the CRSs'\nfate-whether they grow, shrink, or reach equilibrium. We also find that the\nconserved quantities significantly influence the equilibrium state achieved by\na growing CRS. These results are derived independently of specific\nthermodynamic potentials or reaction kinetics, therefore underscoring the\nfundamental impact of conservation laws on the growth of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of Non-Interacting Fermions and Bosons in the Canonical Ensemble: We present a self-contained theory for the exact calculation of particle\nnumber counting statistics of non-interacting indistinguishable particles in\nthe canonical ensemble. This general framework introduces the concept of\nauxiliary partition functions, and represents a unification of previous\ndistinct approaches with many known results appearing as direct consequences of\nthe developed mathematical structure. In addition, we introduce a general\ndecomposition of the correlations between occupation numbers in terms of the\noccupation numbers of individual energy levels, that is valid for both\nnon-degenerate and degenerate spectra. To demonstrate the applicability of the\ntheory in the presence of degeneracy, we compute energy level correlations up\nto fourth order in a bosonic ring in the presence of a magnetic field.",
        "positive": "Dynamical compressibility of dense granular shear flows: It has been conjectured by Bagnold [1] that an assembly of hard\nnon-deformable spheres could behave as a compressible medium when slowly\nsheared, as the average density of such a system effectively depends on the\nconfining pressure. Here we use discrete element simulations to show the\nexistence of transverse and sagittal waves associated to this dynamical\ncompressibility. For this purpose, we study the resonance of these waves in a\nlinear Couette cell and compare the results with those predicted from a\ncontinuum local constitutive relation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase-transitions of the random bond Potts chain with long-range\n  interactions: We study phase-transitions of the ferromagnetic $q$-state Potts chain with\nrandom nearest-neighbour couplings having a variance $\\Delta^2$ and with\nhomogeneous long-range interactions, which decay with the distance as a power\n$r^{-(1+\\sigma)}$, $\\sigma>0$. In the large-$q$ limit the free-energy of random\nsamples of length $L \\le 2048$ is calculated exactly by a combinatorial\noptimization algorithm. The phase-transition stays first-order for $\\sigma <\n\\sigma_c(\\Delta) \\le 0.5$, while the correlation length becomes divergent at\nthe transition point for $\\sigma_c(\\Delta) < \\sigma < 1$. In the latter regime\nthe average magnetization is continuous for small enough $\\Delta$, but for\nlarger $\\Delta$ it is discontinuous at the transition point, thus the\nphase-transition is of mixed order.",
        "positive": "The Origins of Phase Transitions in Small Systems: The identification and classification of phases in small systems, e.g.\nnuclei, social and financial networks, clusters, and biological systems, where\nthe traditional definitions of phase transitions are not applicable, is\nimportant to obtain a deeper understanding of the phenomena observed in such\nsystems. Within a simple statistical model we investigate the validity and\napplicability of different classification schemes for phase transtions in small\nsystems. We show that the whole complex temperature plane contains necessary\ninformation in order to give a distinct classification."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Operator Entanglement in Local Quantum Circuits II: Solitons in Chains\n  of Qubits: We provide exact results for the dynamics of local-operator entanglement in\nquantum circuits with two-dimensional wires featuring ultralocal solitons, i.e.\nsingle-site operators which, up to a phase, are simply shifted by the time\nevolution. We classify all circuits allowing for ultralocal solitons and show\nthat only dual-unitary circuits can feature moving ultralocal solitons. Then,\nwe rigorously prove that if a circuit has an ultralocal soliton moving to the\nleft (right), the entanglement of local operators initially supported on even\n(odd) sites saturates to a constant value and its dynamics can be computed\nexactly. Importantly, this does not bound the growth of complexity in chiral\ncircuits, where solitons move only in one direction, say to the left. Indeed,\nin this case we observe numerically that operators on the odd sublattice have\nunbounded entanglement. Finally, we present a closed-form expression for the\nlocal-operator entanglement entropies in circuits with ultralocal solitons\nmoving in both directions. Our results hold irrespectively of integrability.",
        "positive": "Unbiased sampling of globular lattice proteins in three dimensions: We present a Monte Carlo method that allows efficient and unbiased sampling\nof Hamiltonian walks on a cubic lattice. Such walks are self-avoiding and visit\neach lattice site exactly once. They are often used as simple models of\nglobular proteins, upon adding suitable local interactions. Our algorithm can\neasily be equipped with such interactions, but we study here mainly the\nflexible homopolymer case where each conformation is generated with uniform\nprobability. We argue that the algorithm is ergodic and has dynamical exponent\nz=0. We then use it to study polymers of size up to 64^3 = 262144 monomers.\nResults are presented for the effective interaction between end points, and the\ninteraction with the boundaries of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extreme Fluctuations in Stochastic Network Coordination with Time Delays: We study the effects of uniform time delays on the extreme fluctuations in\nstochastic synchronization and coordination problems with linear couplings in\ncomplex networks. We obtain the average size of the fluctuations at the nodes\nfrom the behavior of the underlying modes of the network. We then obtain the\nscaling behavior of the extreme fluctuations with system size, as well as the\ndistribution of the extremes on complex networks, and compare them to those on\nregular one-dimensional lattices. For large complex networks, when the delay is\nnot too close to the critical one, fluctuations at the nodes effectively\ndecouple, and the limit distributions converge to the Fisher-Tippett-Gumbel\ndensity. In contrast, fluctuations in low-dimensional spatial graphs are\nstrongly correlated, and the limit distribution of the extremes is the Airy\ndensity. Finally, we also explore the effects of nonlinear couplings on the\nstability and on the extremes of the synchronization landscapes.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics aspects of noise-induced phase synchronization: In this article, we present an approach for the thermodynamics of phase\noscillators induced by an internal multiplicative noise. We analytically derive\nthe free energy, entropy, internal energy, and specific heat. In this\nframework, the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics requires the\ndefinition of a synchronization field acting on the phase oscillators. By\nintroducing the synchronization field, we have consistently obtained the\nsusceptibility and analyzed its behavior. This allows us to characterize\ndistinct phases in the system, which we have denoted as synchronized and\nparasynchronized phases, in analogy with magnetism. The system also shows a\nrich complex behavior, exhibiting ideal gas characteristics for low\ntemperatures and susceptibility anomalies that are similar to those present in\ncomplex fluids such as water."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local stress and superfluid properties of solid Helium-4: More than half a century ago Penrose asked: are the superfluid and solid\nstate of matter mutually exclusive or do there exist \"supersolid\" materials\nwhere the atoms form a regular lattice and simultaneously flow without\nfriction? Recent experiments provide evidence that supersolid behavior indeed\nexists in Helium-4 -- the most quantum material known in Nature. In this paper\nwe show that large local strain in the vicinity of crystalline defects is the\norigin of supersolidity in Helium-4. Although ideal crystals of Helium-4 are\nnot supersolid, the gap for vacancy creation closes when applying a moderate\nstress. While a homogeneous system simply becomes unstable at this point, the\nstressed core of crystalline defects (dislocations and grain boundaries)\nundergoes a radical transformation and can become superfluid.",
        "positive": "Conformational Transitions of Non-Grafted Polymers Near an Adsorbing\n  Substrate: We have performed multicanonical chain-growth simulations of a polymer\ninteracting with an adsorbing surface. The polymer, which is not explicitly\nanchored at the surface, experiences a hierarchy of phase transitions between\nconformations binding and non-binding with the substrate. We discuss the phase\ndiagram in the temperature-solubility plane and highlight the transition\n``path'' through the free-energy landscape."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Combinatorics for calculating expectation values of functions in systems\n  with evolution governed by stochastic differential equations: Stochastic differential equations are widely used in various fields; in\nparticular, the usefulness of duality relations has been demonstrated in some\nmodels such as population models and Brownian momentum processes. In this\nstudy, a discussion based on combinatorics is made and applied to calculate the\nexpectation values of functions in systems in which evolution is governed by\nstochastic differential equations. Starting with the duality theory of\nstochastic processes, some modifications to the interpretation and usage of\ntime-ordering operators naturally lead to discussions on combinatorics. For\ndemonstration, the first and second moments of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process\nare re-derived from the discussion on combinatorics. Furthermore, two numerical\nmethods for practical applications are proposed. One method is based on a\nconventional exponential expansion and the Pade approximation. The other uses a\nresolvent of a time-evolution operator, along with the application of the\nAitken series acceleration method. Both methods yield reasonable\napproximations. Particularly, the resolvent and Aitken acceleration show\nsatisfactory results. These findings will provide a new way of calculating\nexpectations numerically and directly without using time-discretization.",
        "positive": "Out-of-time-order correlations and the fine structure of eigenstate\n  thermalisation: Out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) have become established as a tool to\ncharacterise quantum information dynamics and thermalisation in interacting\nquantum many-body systems. It was recently argued that the expected exponential\ngrowth of the OTOC is connected to the existence of correlations beyond those\nencoded in the standard Eigenstate Thermalisation Hypothesis (ETH). We show\nexplicitly, by an extensive numerical analysis of the statistics of operator\nmatrix elements in conjunction with a detailed study of OTOC dynamics, that the\nOTOC is indeed a precise tool to explore the fine details of the ETH. In\nparticular, while short-time dynamics is dominated by correlations, the\nlong-time saturation behaviour gives clear indications of an operator-dependent\nenergy scale $\\omega_{\\textrm{GOE}}$ associated to the emergence of an\neffective Gaussian random matrix theory. We provide an estimation of the\nfinite-size scaling of $\\omega_{\\textrm{GOE}}$ for the general class of\nobservables composed of sums of local operators in the infinite-temperature\nregime and found linear behaviour for the models considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergence of rigid Polycrystals from atomistic Systems with\n  Heitmann-Radin sticky disk energy: We investigate the emergence of rigid polycrystalline structures from\natomistic particle systems. The atomic interaction is governed by a suitably\nnormalized pair interaction energy, where the `sticky disk' interaction\npotential models the atoms as hard spheres that interact when they are\ntangential. The discrete energy is frame invariant and no underlying reference\nlattice on the atomistic configurations is assumed. By means of\n$\\Gamma$-convergence, we characterize the asymptotic behavior of configurations\nwith finite surface energy scaling in the infinite particle limit. The\neffective continuum theory is described in terms of a piecewise constant field\ndelineating the local orientation and micro-translation of the configuration.\nThe limiting energy is local and concentrated on the grain boundaries, i.e., on\nthe boundaries of the zones where the underlying microscopic configuration has\nconstant parameters. The corresponding surface energy density depends on the\nrelative orientation of the two grains, their microscopic translation misfit,\nand the normal to the interface. We further provide a fine analysis of the\nsurface energies at grain boundaries both for vacuum-solid and solid-solid\nphase transitions. The latter relies fundamentally on a structure result for\ngrain boundaries showing that due to the extremely brittle setup interpolating\nboundary layers near cracks are energetically not favorable.",
        "positive": "Anisotropic effect on two-dimensional cellular automaton traffic flow\n  with periodic and open boundaries: By the use of computer simulations we investigate, in the cellular automaton\nof two-dimensional traffic flow, the anisotropic effect of the probabilities of\nthe change of the move directions of cars, from up to right ($p_{ur}$) and from\nright to up ($p_{ru}$), on the dynamical jamming transition and velocities\nunder the periodic boundary conditions in one hand and the phase diagram under\nthe open boundary conditions in the other hand. However, in the former case,\nthe first order jamming transition disappears when the cars alter their\ndirections of move ($p_{ur}\\neq 0$ and/or $p_{ru}\\neq 0$). In the open boundary\nconditions, it is found that the first order line transition between jamming\nand moving phases is curved. Hence, by increasing the anisotropy, the moving\nphase region expand as well as the contraction of the jamming phase one.\nMoreover, in the isotropic case, and when each car changes its direction of\nmove every time steps ($p_{ru}=p_{ur}=1$), the transition from the jamming\nphase (or moving phase) to the maximal current one is of first order.\nFurthermore, the density profile decays, in the maximal current phase, with an\nexponent $\\gamma \\approx {1/4}$.}"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Opinion dynamics: rise and fall of political parties: We analyze the evolution of political organizations using a model in which\nagents change their opinions via two competing mechanisms. Two agents may\ninteract and reach consensus, and additionally, individual agents may\nspontaneously change their opinions by a random, diffusive process. We find\nthree distinct possibilities. For strong diffusion, the distribution of\nopinions is uniform and no political organizations (parties) are formed. For\nweak diffusion, parties do form and furthermore, the political landscape\ncontinually evolves as small parties merge into larger ones. Without diffusion,\na pattern develops: parties have the same size and they possess equal niches.\nThese phenomena are analyzed using pattern formation and scaling techniques.",
        "positive": "Measurement-induced steering of quantum systems: We set out a general protocol for steering the state of a quantum system from\nan arbitrary initial state towards a chosen target state by coupling it to\nauxiliary quantum degrees of freedom. The protocol requires multiple\nrepetitions of an elementary step: during each step the system evolves for a\nfixed time while coupled to auxiliary degrees of freedom (which we term\n'detector qubits') that have been prepared in a specified initial state. The\ndetectors are discarded at the end of the step, or equivalently, their state is\ndetermined by a projective measurement with an unbiased average over all\noutcomes. The steering harnesses back-action of the detector qubits on the\nsystem, arising from entanglement generated during the coupled evolution. We\nestablish principles for the design of the system-detector coupling that ensure\nsteering of a desired form. We illustrate our general ideas using both few-body\nexamples (including a pair of spins-1/2 steered to the singlet state) and a\nmany-body example (a spin-1 chain steered to the Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki\nstate). We study the continuous time limit in our approach and discuss\nsimilarities to (and differences from) drive-and-dissipation protocols for\nquantum state engineering. Our protocols are amenable to implementations using\npresent-day technology. Obvious extensions of our analysis include engineering\nof other many-body phases in one and higher spatial dimensions, adiabatic\nmanipulations of the target states, and the incorporation of active error\ncorrection steps."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Charge Correlations in a Coulomb System Along a Plane Wall: a Relation\n  Between Asymptotic Behavior and Dipole Moment: Classical Coulomb systems at equilibrium, bounded by a plane dielectric wall,\nare studied. A general two-point charge correlation function is considered.\nValid for any fixed position of one of the points, a new relation is found\nbetween the algebraic tail of the correlation function along the wall and the\ndipole moment of that function. The relation is tested first in the\nweak-coupling (Debye-H\\\"uckel) limit, and afterwards, for the special case of a\nplain hard wall, on the exactly solvable two-dimensional two-component plasma\nat coupling $\\Gamma=2$, and on the two-dimensional one-component plasma at an\narbitrary even integer $\\Gamma$.",
        "positive": "Escape and Finite-Size Scaling in Diffusion-Controlled Annihilation: We study diffusion-controlled single-species annihilation with a finite\nnumber of particles. In this reaction-diffusion process, each particle\nundergoes ordinary diffusion, and when two particles meet, they annihilate. We\nfocus on spatial dimensions $d>2$ where a finite number of particles typically\nsurvive the annihilation process. Using the rate equation approach and scaling\ntechniques we investigate the average number of surviving particles, $M$, as a\nfunction of the initial number of particles, $N$. In three dimensions, for\ninstance, we find the scaling law $M\\sim N^{1/3}$ in the asymptotic regime\n$N\\gg 1$. We show that two time scales govern the reaction kinetics: the\ndiffusion time scale, $T\\sim N^{2/3}$, and the escape time scale, $\\tau\\sim\nN^{4/3}$. The vast majority of annihilation events occur on the diffusion time\nscale, while no annihilation events occur beyond the escape time scale."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Biased random walk on random networks in presence of stochastic\n  resetting: Exact results: We consider biased random walks on random networks constituted by a random\ncomb comprising a backbone with quenched-disordered random-length branches. The\nbackbone and the branches run in the direction of the bias. For the bare model\nas also when the model is subject to stochastic resetting, whereby the walkers\non the branches reset with a constant rate to the respective backbone sites, we\nobtain exact stationary-state static and dynamic properties for a given\ndisorder realization of branch lengths sampled following an arbitrary\ndistribution. We derive a criterion to observe in the stationary state a\nnon-zero drift velocity along the backbone. For the bare model, we discuss the\noccurrence of a drift velocity that is non-monotonic as a function of the bias,\nbecoming zero beyond a threshold bias because of walkers trapped at very long\nbranches. Further, we show that resetting allows the system to escape trapping,\nresulting in a drift velocity that is finite at any bias.",
        "positive": "Quantum Trajectory Approach to the Stochastic Thermodynamics of a Forced\n  Harmonic Oscillator: I formulate a quantum stochastic thermodynamics for the quantum trajectories\nof a continuously-monitored forced harmonic oscillator coupled to a thermal\nreservoir. Consistent trajectory-dependent definitions are introduced for work,\nheat, and entropy, through engineering the thermal reservoir from a sequence of\ntwo-level systems. Within this formalism the connection between irreversibility\nand entropy production is analyzed and confirmed by proving a detailed\nfluctuation theorem for quantum trajectories. Finally, possible experimental\nverifications are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamics of massless integrable RG flows and a non-equilibrium\n  c-theorem: We study Euler scale hydrodynamics of massless integrable quantum field\ntheories interpolating between two non-trivial renormalisation group fixed\npoints after inhomogeneous quantum quenches. Using a partitioning protocol with\nleft and right initial thermal states and the recently developed framework of\ngeneralised hydrodynamics, we focus on current and density profiles for the\nenergy and momentum as a function of \\xi = x=t, where both x and t are sent to\ninfinity. Studying the first few members of the An and Dn massless flows we\ncarry out a systematic treatment of these series and generalise our results to\nother unitary massless models. In our analysis we find that the profiles\nexhibit extended plateaux and that non-trivial bounds exist for the energy and\nmomentum densities and currents in the non-equilibrium stationary state, i.e.\nwhen \\xi = 0. To quantify the magnitude of currents and densities, dynamical\ncentral charges are defined and it is shown that the dynamical central charge\nfor the energy current satisfies a certain monotonicity property. We discuss\nthe connection of the Landauer-Buttiker formalism of transport with our results\nand show that this picture can account for some of the bounds for the currents\nand for the monotonicity of the dynamical central charge. These properties are\nshown to be present not only in massless flows but also in the massive\nsinh-Gordon model suggesting their general validity and the correctness of the\nLandauer-Buttiker interpretation of transport in integrable field theories. Our\nresults thus imply the existence of a non-equilibrium c-theorem as well, at\nleast in integrable models. Finally we also study the interesting low energy\nbehaviour of the A2 model that corresponds to the massless flow from the\ntricritical to the critical Ising field theory.",
        "positive": "A handy fluctuation-dissipation relation to approach generic noisy\n  systems and chaotic dynamics: We introduce a general formulation of the fluctuation-dissipation relations\n(FDR) holding also in far-from-equilibrium stochastic dynamics. A great\nadvantage of this version of the FDR is that it does not require the explicit\nknowledge of the stationary probability density function. Our formula applies\nto Markov stochastic systems with generic noise distributions: when the noise\nis additive and Gaussian, the relation reduces to those known in the\nliterature; for multiplicative and non-Gaussian distributions (e.g. Cauchy\nnoise) it provides exact results in agreement with numerical simulations. Our\nformula allows us to reproduce, in a suitable small-noise limit, the response\nfunctions of deterministic, strongly non-linear dynamical models, even in the\npresence of chaotic behavior: this could have important practical applications\nin several contexts, including geophysics and climate. As a case of study, we\nconsider the Lorenz '63 model, which is paradigmatic for the chaotic properties\nof deterministic dynamical systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information theory for model reduction in stochastic dynamical systems: Model reduction is the construction of simple yet predictive descriptions of\nthe dynamics of many-body systems in terms of a few relevant variables. A\nprerequisite to model reduction is the identification of these relevant\nvariables, a task for which no general method exists. Here, we develop a\nsystematic approach based on the information bottleneck to identify the\nrelevant variables, defined as those most predictive of the future. We\nelucidate analytically the relation between these relevant variables and the\neigenfunctions of the transfer operator describing the dynamics. Further, we\nshow that in the limit of high compression, the relevant variables are directly\ndetermined by the slowest-decaying eigenfunctions. Our information-based\napproach indicates when to optimally stop increasing the complexity of the\nreduced model. Further, it provides a firm foundation to construct\ninterpretable deep learning tools that perform model reduction. We illustrate\nhow these tools work on benchmark dynamical systems and deploy them on\nuncurated datasets, such as satellite movies of atmospheric flows downloaded\ndirectly from YouTube.",
        "positive": "Molecular Spiders with Memory: Synthetic bio-molecular spiders with \"legs\" made of single-stranded segments\nof DNA can move on a surface which is also covered by single-stranded segments\nof DNA complementary to the leg DNA. In experimental realizations, when a leg\ndetaches from a segment of the surface for the first time it alters that\nsegment, and legs subsequently bound to these altered segments more weakly.\nInspired by these experiments we investigate spiders moving along a\none-dimensional substrate, whose legs leave newly visited sites at a slower\nrate than revisited sites. For a random walk (one-leg spider) the slowdown does\nnot effect the long time behavior. For a bipedal spider, however, the slowdown\ngenerates an effective bias towards unvisited sites, and the spider behaves\nsimilarly to the excited walk. Surprisingly, the slowing down of the spider at\nnew sites increases the diffusion coefficient and accelerates the growth of the\nnumber of visited sites."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal short-time quantum critical dynamics in imaginary time: We propose a scaling theory for the universal imaginary-time quantum critical\ndynamics for both short times and long times. We discover that there exists a\nuniversal critical initial slip related to a small initial order parameter\n$M_0$. In this stage, the order parameter $M$ increases with the imaginary time\n$\\tau$ as $M\\propto M_0\\tau^\\theta$ with a universal initial slip exponent\n$\\theta$. For the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model, we estimate\n$\\theta$ to be $0.373$, which is markedly distinct from its classical\ncounterpart. Apart from the local order parameter, we also show that the\nentanglement entropy exhibits universal behavior in the short-time region. As\nthe critical exponents in the early stage and in equilibrium are identical, we\napply the short-time dynamics method to determine quantum critical properties.\nThe method is generally applicable in both the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm\nand topological phase transitions.",
        "positive": "The two-point resistance of fan networks: The problem of the two-point resistance in various networks has recently\nreceived considerable attention. Here we consider the problem on a fan-resistor\nnetwork, which is a segment of the cobweb network. Using a recently developed\napproach, we obtain the exact resistance between two arbitrary nodes on such a\nnetwork. As a byproduct, the analysis also delivers the solution of the\nspanning tree problem on the fan network."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Jarzynski-Sagawa-Ueda relations: We consider a (small) quantum mechanical system which is operated by an\nexternal agent, who changes the Hamiltonian of the system according to a fixed\nscenario. In particular we assume that the agent (who may be called a demon)\nperforms measurement followed by feedback, i.e., it makes a measurement of the\nsystem and changes the protocol according to the outcome. We extend to this\nsetting the generalized Jarzynski relations, recently derived by Sagawa and\nUeda for classical systems with feedback. One of the two relations by Sagawa\nand Ueda is derived here in error-free quantum processes, while the other is\nderived only when the measurement process involves classical errors. The first\nrelation leads to a second law which takes into account the efficiency of the\nfeedback.",
        "positive": "Space-Time Duality and High-Order Fractional Diffusion: Super-diffusion, characterized by a spreading rate $t^{1/\\alpha}$ of the\nprobability density function $p(x,t) = t^{-1/\\alpha} p \\left( t^{-1/\\alpha} x ,\n1 \\right)$, where $t$ is time, may be modeled by space-fractional diffusion\nequations with order $1 < \\alpha < 2$. Some applications in biophysics (calcium\nspark diffusion), image processing, and computational fluid dynamics utilize\ninteger-order and fractional-order exponents beyond than this range ($\\alpha >\n2$), known as high-order diffusion, or hyperdiffusion. Recently, space-time\nduality, motivated by Zolotarev's duality law for stable densities, established\na link between time-fractional and space-fractional diffusion for $1 < \\alpha\n\\leq 2$. This paper extends space-time duality to fractional exponents\n$1<\\alpha \\leq 3$, and several applications are presented. In particular, it\nwill be shown that space-fractional diffusion equations with order $2<\\alpha\n\\leq 3$ model sub-diffusion and have a stochastic interpretation. A space-time\nduality for tempered fractional equations, which models transient anomalous\ndiffusion, is also developed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-organized dynamics in local load sharing fiber bundle models: We study the dynamics of a local load sharing fiber bundle model in two\ndimensions, under an external load (which increases with time at a fixed slow\nrate) applied at a single point. Due to the local load sharing nature, the\nredistributed load remains localized along the boundary of the broken patch.\nThe system then goes to a self-organized state with a stationary average value\nof load per fiber along the (increasing) boundary of the broken patch (damaged\nregion) and a scale free distribution of avalanche sizes and other related\nquantities are observed. In particular, when the load redistribution is only\namong nearest surviving fiber(s), the numerical estimates of the exponent\nvalues are comparable with those of the Manna model. When the load\nredistribution is uniform along the patch boundary, the model shows a simple\nmean-field limit of this self-organizing critical behaviour, for which we give\nanalytical estimates of the saturation load per fiber values and avalanche size\ndistribution exponent. These are in good agreement with numerical simulation\nresults.",
        "positive": "Sheared granular matter & the empirical relations of seismicity: The frictional instability associated with earthquake initiation and\nearthquake dynamics is believed to be mainly controlled by the dynamics of\nfragmented rocks within the fault gauge. Principal features of the emerging\nseismicity (e.g. intermittent dynamics and broad time and/or energy scales)\nhave been replicated by simple experimental setups, which involve a slowly\ndriven slider on top of granular matter, for example. Yet, these set-ups are\noften physically limited and might not allow one to determine the underlying\nnature of specific features and, hence, the universality and generality of the\nexperimental observations. Here, we address this challenge by a numerical study\nof a spring-slider experiment based on two dimensional discrete element method\nsimulations, which allows us to control the properties of the granular matter\nand of the surface of the slider, for example. Upon quasi-static loading,\nstick-slip-type behavior emerges which is contrasted by a stable sliding regime\nat finite driving rates, in agreement with experimental observations. Across\nlarge parameter ranges for damping, inter-particle friction, particle\npolydispersity etc. the earthquake-like dynamics associated with the former\nregime results in several robust scale-free statistical features also observed\nin experiments. At first sight these closely resemble the main empirical\nrelations of tectonic seismicity at geological scales. Yet, we show that the\ncorrelations associated with tectonic aftershocks are absent such that the\norigin of the Omori-Utsu relation, the aftershock productivity relation, and\nB{\\aa}th's relation in the simulations is fundamentally different from the case\nof tectonic seismicity. We argue that the same is true for previous lab\nexperiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production and coarse-graining in Markov processes: We study the large time fluctuations of entropy production in Markov\nprocesses. In particular, we consider the effect of a coarse-graining procedure\nwhich decimates {\\em fast states} with respect to a given time threshold. Our\nresults provide strong evidence that entropy production is not directly\naffected by this decimation, provided that it does not entirely remove loops\ncarrying a net probability current. After the study of some examples of random\nwalks on simple graphs, we apply our analysis to a network model for the\nkinesin cycle, which is an important biomolecular motor. A tentative general\ntheory of these facts, based on Schnakenberg's network theory, is proposed.",
        "positive": "Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chains with harmonic and anharmonic long-range\n  interactions: We study the dynamics of Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chains with both harmonic and\nanharmonic power-law long-range interactions. We show that the dynamics is\ndescribed in the continuum limit by a generalized fractional Boussinesq\ndifferential equation, whose derivation is performed in full detail. We also\ndiscuss a version of the model where couplings are alternating in sign."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distribution of occupation numbers in finite Fermi-systems and role of\n  interaction in chaos and thermalization: New method is developed for calculation of single-particle occupation numbers\nin finite Fermi systems of interacting particles. It is more accurate than the\ncanonical distribution method and gives the Fermi-Dirac distribution in the\nlimit of large number of particles. It is shown that statistical effects of the\ninteraction are absorbed by an increase of the effective temperature. Criteria\nfor quantum chaos and statistical equilibrium are considered. All results are\nconfirmed by numerical experiments in the two-body random interaction model.",
        "positive": "Velocity distribution of driven granular gases: The granular gas is a paradigm for understanding the effects of inelastic\ninteractions in granular materials. Kinetic theory provides a general\ntheoretical framework for describing the granular gas. Its central result is\nthat the tail of the velocity distribution of a driven granular gas is a\nstretched exponential that, counterintuitively, decays slower than that of the\ncorresponding elastic gas in equilibrium. However, a derivation of this result\nstarting from a microscopic model is lacking. Here, we obtain analytical\nresults for a microscopic model for a granular gas where particles with\ntwo-dimensional velocities are driven homogeneously and isotropically by\nreducing the velocities by a factor and adding a stochastic noise. We find two\nuniversal regimes. For generic physically relevant driving, we find that the\ntail of the velocity distribution is a Gaussian with additional logarithmic\ncorrections. Thus, the velocity distribution decays faster than the\ncorresponding equilibrium gas. The second universal regime is less generic and\ncorresponds to the scenario described by kinetic theory. Here, the velocity\ndistribution is shown to decay as an exponential with additional logarithmic\ncorrections, in contradiction to the predictions of the phenomenological\nkinetic theory, necessitating a re-examination of its basic assumptions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic models for uphill diffusion: We study a system of particles which jump on the sites of the interval\n$[1,L]$ of $\\mathbb Z$. The density at the boundaries is kept fixed to simulate\nthe action of mass reservoirs. The evolution depends on two parameters\n$\\lambda'\\ge 0$ and $\\lambda\"\\ge 0$ which are the strength of an external\npotential and respectively of an attractive potential among the particles. When\n$\\lambda'=\\lambda\"= 0$ the system behaves diffusively and the density profile\nof the final stationary state is linear, Fick's law is satisfied. When\n$\\lambda'> 0$ and $\\lambda\"= 0$ the system models the diffusion of carbon in\nthe presence of silicon as in the Darken experiment: the final state of the\nsystem is in qualitative agreement with the experimental one and uphill\ndiffusion is present at the weld. Finally if $\\lambda'=0$ and $\\lambda\">0$ is\nsuitably large, the system simulates a vapor-liquid phase transition and we\nhave a surprising phenomenon. Namely when the densities in the reservoirs\ncorrespond respectively to metastable vapor and metastable liquid we find a\nfinal stationary current which goes uphill from the reservoir with smaller\ndensity (vapor) to that with larger density (liquid). Our results are mainly\nnumerical, we have convincing theoretical explanations yet we miss a complete\nmathematical proof.",
        "positive": "Finite temperature theory of the scissors mode in a Bose gas using the\n  moment method: We use a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the condensate and a\nsemi-classical kinetic equation for the noncondensate atoms to discuss the\nscissors mode in a trapped Bose-condensed gas at finite temperatures. Both\nequations include the effect of $C_{12}$ collisions between the condensate and\nnoncondensate atoms. We solve the coupled moment equations describing\noscillations of the quadrupole moments of the condensate and noncondensate\ncomponents to find the collective mode frequencies and collisional damping\nrates as a function of temperature. Our calculations extend those of\nGu\\'ery-Odelin and Stringari at T=0 and in the normal phase. They complement\nthe numerical results of Jackson and Zaremba, although Landau damping is left\nout of our approach. Our results are also used to calculate the quadrupole\nresponse function, which is related to the moment of inertia. It is shown\nexplicitly that the moment of inertia of a trapped Bose gas at finite\ntemperatures involves a sum of an irrotational component from the condensate\nand a rotational component from the thermal cloud atoms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficient algortihms for the two dimensional Ising model with a surface\n  field: Bond propagation and site propagation algorithm are extended to the two\ndimensional Ising model with a surface field. With these algorithms we can\ncalculate the free energy, internal energy, specific heat, magnetization,\ncorrelation function, surface magnetization, surface susceptibility and surface\ncorrelation. To test these algorithms, we study the Ising model for wetting\ntransition, which is solved exactly by Abraham. We can locate the transition\npoint accurately to $10^{-8}$. We carry out the calculation of the specific\nheat, surface susceptibility on the lattices with the sizes are up to $200^2\n\\times 200$. The results show that finite jump develops in the specific heat\nand surface susceptibility at the transition point as the lattice size\nincreases. On the lattice with size $320^2 \\times 320$ the parallel correlation\nlength exponent is $1.88$, while in the Abraham's exact result it is $2.0$. The\nperpendicular correlation length exponent on the lattice with size $160^2\\times\n160$ is $1.04$, where its exact value is $1.0$.",
        "positive": "The maximum likelihood climate change for global warming under the\n  influence of greenhouse effect and L\u00e9vy noise: An abrupt climatic transition could be triggered by a single extreme event,\nan $\\alpha$-stable non-Gaussian L\\'evy noise is regarded as a type of noise to\ngenerate such extreme events. In contrast with the classic Gaussian noise, a\ncomprehensive approach of the most probable transition path for systems under\n$\\alpha$-stable L\\'evy noise is still lacking. We develop here a probabilistic\nframework, based on the nonlocal Fokker-Planck equation, to investigate the\nmaximum likelihood climate change for an energy balance system under the\ninfluence of greenhouse effect and L\\'evy fluctuations. We find that a period\nof the cold climate state can be interrupted by a sharp shift to the warmer one\ndue to larger noise jumps, and the climate change for warming $1.5\\rm ^oC$\nunder an enhanced greenhouse effect generates a step-like growth process. These\nresults provide important insights into the underlying mechanisms of abrupt\nclimate transitions triggered by a L\\'evy process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Force-induced desorption of $3$-star polymers: a self-avoiding walk\n  model: We consider a simple cubic lattice self-avoiding walk model of 3-star\npolymers adsorbed at a surface and then desorbed by pulling with an externally\napplied force. We determine rigorously the free energy of the model in terms of\nproperties of a self-avoiding walk, and show that the phase diagram includes 4\nphases, namely a ballistic phase where the extension normal to the surface is\nlinear in the length, an adsorbed phase and a mixed phase, in addition to the\nfree phase where the model is neither adsorbed nor ballistic. In the adsorbed\nphase all three branches or arms of the star are adsorbed at the surface. In\nthe ballistic phase two arms of the star are pulled into a ballistic phase,\nwhile the remaining arm is in a free phase. In the mixed phase two arms in the\nstar are adsorbed while the third arm is ballistic. The phase boundaries\nseparating the ballistic and mixed phases, and the adsorbed and mixed phases,\nare both first order phase transitions. The presence of the mixed phase is\ninteresting because it doesn't occur for pulled, adsorbed self-avoiding walks.\nIn an atomic force microscopy experiment it would appear as an additional phase\ntransition as a function of force.",
        "positive": "Mechanism of Slow Relaxation due to Screening Effect in a Frustrated\n  System: We study a slow relaxation process in a frustrated spin system in which a\ntype of screening effect due to a frustrated environment plays an important\nrole. This screening effect is attributed to the highly degenerate\nconfigurations of the frustrated environment. This slow relaxation is due to an\nentropy effect and is different from those due to the energy barrier observed\nin systems such as random ferromagnets. In the present system, even if there is\nno energy gap, the slow relaxation still takes place. Thus, we call this\nphenomenon ``entropic slowing down''. Here, we study the mechanism of entropic\nslowing down quantitatively in an Ising spin model with the so-called decorated\nbonds. The spins included in decorated bonds (decoration spins) cause a\npeculiar density of states, which causes on entropy-induced screening effect.\nWe analytically estimate the time scale of the system that increases\nexponentially with the number of decoration spins. We demonstrate the scaling\nof relaxation processes using the time scale at all temperatures including the\ncritical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of a one-dimensional system of point bosons: comparison\n  of the traditional approach with a new one: We compare two approaches to the construction of the thermodynamics of a\none-dimensional periodic system of spinless point bosons: the Yang--Yang\napproach and a new approach proposed by the author. In the latter, the\nelementary excitations are introduced so that there is only one type of\nexcitations (as opposed to Lieb's approach with two types of excitations:\nparticle-like and hole-like). At the weak coupling, these are the excitations\nof the Bogolyubov type. The equations for the thermodynamic quantities in these\napproaches are different, but their solutions coincide (this is shown below and\nis the main result). In this case, the new approach is simpler. An important\npoint is that the thermodynamic formulae in the new approach for any values of\nparameters are formulae for an ensemble of quasiparticles with the Bose\nstatistics, whereas a formulae in the traditional Yang--Yang approach have the\nFermi-like one-particle form.",
        "positive": "Electron random walk in ideal phonon gas. Spectra of density matrix\n  evolution and electron mobility 1/f noise: The previously derived exact evolution equations for density matrix of\nelectron (quantum particle) in phonon field (boson thermostat) are\nqualitatively analysed. Their statistical interpretation is explained in\ndetail, and their main symmetry and spectral properties are expounded. In\napplication to the electron's random walk, it is shown that these properties\ncertaimly forbid conventionally assumed Gaussian long-range asymptotic of the\nwalk statistics. Instead, the exact equations imply super-linear dependence of\nfourth-order cumulant of total electron's path on observation time, which\nsignifies existence of 1/f-type low-frequency fluctuations in electro's\ndiffusivity and mobility. Physical meaning of this result is discussed, along\nwith general origin of 1/f-noise in classical and quantum Hamiltonian\nmany-particle systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise driven translocation of short polymers in crowded solutions: In this work we study the noise induced effects on the dynamics of short\npolymers crossing a potential barrier, in the presence of a metastable state.\nAn improved version of the Rouse model for a flexible polymer has been adopted\nto mimic the molecular dynamics by taking into account both the interactions\nbetween adjacent monomers and introducing a Lennard-Jones potential between all\nbeads. A bending recoil torque has also been included in our model. The polymer\ndynamics is simulated in a two-dimensional domain by numerically solving the\nLangevin equations of motion with a Gaussian uncorrelated noise. We find a\nnonmonotonic behaviour of the mean first passage time and the most probable\ntranslocation time, of the polymer centre of inertia, as a function of the\npolymer length at low noise intensity. We show how thermal fluctuations\ninfluence the motion of short polymers, by inducing two different regimes of\ntranslocation in the molecule transport dynamics. In this context, the role\nplayed by the length of the molecule in the translocation time is investigated.",
        "positive": "Levy flights, dynamical duality and fractional quantum mechanics: We discuss dual time evolution scenarios which, albeit running according to\nthe same real time clock, in each considered case may be mapped among each\nother by means of an analytic continuation in time. This dynamical duality is a\ngeneric feature of diffusion-type processes. Technically that involves a\nfamiliar transformation from a non-Hermitian Fokker-Planck operator to the\nHermitian operator (e.g. Schroedinger Hamiltonian), whose negative is known to\ngenerate a dynamical semigroup. Under suitable restrictions upon the generator,\nthe semigroup admits an analytic continuation in time and ultimately yields\ndual motions. We analyze an extension of the duality concept to Levy flights,\nfree and with an external forcing, while presuming that the corresponding\nevolution rule (fractional dynamical semigroup) is a dual counterpart of the\nquantum motion (fractional unitary dynamics)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Geometry of Fractional Statistics: We extend our earlier study about the fractional exclusion statistics to\nhigher dimensions in full physical range and in the non-relativistic and\nultra-relativistic limits. Also, two other fractional statistics, namely\nGentile and Polychronakos fractional statistics, will be considered and\nsimilarities and differences between these statistics will be explored.\nThermodynamic geometry suggests that a two dimensional Haldane fractional\nexclusion gas is more stable than higher dimensional gases. Also, a complete\npicture of attractive and repulsive statistical interaction of fractional\nstatistics is given. For a special kind of fractional statistics, by\nconsidering the singular points of thermodynamic curvature, we find a\ncondensation for a non-pure bosonic system which is similar to the\nBose-Einstein condensation and the phase transition temperature will be worked\nout.",
        "positive": "Peculiarities in pseudo-transitions of a mixed spin-$(1/2,1)$\n  Ising-Heisenberg double-tetrahedral chain in an external magnetic field: Recently, it has been rigorously verified that several one-dimensional (1D)\nspin models may exhibit a peculiar pseudo-transition accompanied with anomalous\nresponse of thermodynamic quantities in a close vicinity of pseudo-critical\ntemperature. In the present work we will introduce and exactly solve a mixed\nspin-(1/2,1) Ising-Heisenberg double-tetrahedral chain in an external magnetic\nfield as another particular example of 1D lattice-statistical model with\nshort-range interactions that displays a pseudo-transition of this type. The\ninvestigated model exhibits at zero temperature three ferrimagnetic phases,\nthree frustrated phases, and one saturated paramagnetic phase. The ground-state\nphase diagram involves five unusual interfaces (phase boundaries), at which the\nresidual entropy per site equals to a larger entropy of one of two coexisting\nphases. Four such interfaces are between a non-degenerate ferrimagnetic phase\nand a macroscopically degenerate frustrated phase, while one interface is\nbetween two non-degenerate ferrimagnetic phases. Though thermal excitations\ntypically destroy all fingerprints of zero-temperature phase transitions of 1D\nlattice-statistical models with short-range forces, the mixed spin-(1/2,1)\nIsing-Heisenberg double-tetrahedral chain is quite robust with respect to\nthermal excitations and it displays peculiar pseudo-transitions close to all\nfive aforementioned interfaces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractal properties of growing networks: We introduce a new family of models for growing networks. In these networks\nnew edges are attached preferentially to vertices with higher number of\nconnections, and new vertices are created by already existing ones, inheriting\npart of their parent's connections. We show that combination of these two\nfeatures produces multifractal degree distributions, where degree is the number\nof connections of a vertex. An exact multifractal distribution is found for a\nnontrivial model of this class. The distribution tends to a power-law one, $\\Pi\n(q) \\sim q^{-\\gamma}$, $\\gamma =\\sqrt{2}$ in the infinite network limit.\nNevertheless, for finite networks's sizes, because of multifractality, attempts\nto interpret the distribution as a scale-free would result in an ambiguous\nvalue of the exponent $\\gamma $.",
        "positive": "Computation of the dynamic critical exponent of the three-dimensional\n  Heisenberg model: Working in and out of equilibrium and using state-of-the-art techniques we\nhave computed the dynamic critical exponent of the three dimensional Heisenberg\nmodel. By computing the integrated autocorrelation time at equilibrium, for\nlattice sizes $L\\le 64$, we have obtained $z=2.033(5)$. In the out of\nequilibrium regime we have run very large lattices ($L\\le 250$) obtaining\n$z=2.04(2)$ from the growth of the correlation length. We compare our values\nwith that previously computed at equilibrium with relatively small lattices\n($L\\le 24$), with that provided by means a three-loops calculation using\nperturbation theory and with experiments. Finally we have checked previous\nestimates of the static critical exponents, $\\eta$ and $\\nu$, in the out of\nequilibrium regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of random environment on a self-organized critical system:\n  Renormalization group analysis of a continuous model: We study effects of random fluid motion on a system in a self-organized\ncritical state. The latter is described by the continuous stochastic model,\nproposed by Hwa and Kardar [{\\it Phys. Rev. Lett.} {\\bf 62}: 1813 (1989)]. The\nadvecting velocity field is Gaussian, not correlated in time, with the pair\ncorrelation function of the form $\\propto \\delta(t-t') / k_{\\bot}^{d-1+\\xi}$,\nwhere $k_{\\bot}=|{\\bf k}_{\\bot}|$ and ${\\bf k}_{\\bot}$ is the component of the\nwave vector, perpendicular to a certain preferred direction -- the\n$d$-dimensional generalization of the ensemble introduced by Avellaneda and\nMajda [{\\it Commun. Math. Phys.} {\\bf 131}: 381 (1990)]. Using the field\ntheoretic renormalization group we show that, depending on the relation between\nthe exponent $\\xi$ and the spatial dimension $d$, the system reveals different\ntypes of large-scale, long-time scaling behaviour, associated with the three\npossible fixed points of the renormalization group equations. They correspond\nto ordinary diffusion, to passively advected scalar field (the nonlinearity of\nthe Hwa--Kardar model is irrelevant) and to the \"pure\" Hwa--Kardar model (the\nadvection is irrelevant). For the special choice $\\xi=2(4-d)/3$ both the\nnonlinearity and the advection are important. The corresponding critical\nexponents are found exactly for all these cases.",
        "positive": "Self-organized criticality in a model of collective bank bankruptcies: The question we address here is of whether phenomena of collective\nbankruptcies are related to self-organized criticality. In order to answer it\nwe propose a simple model of banking networks based on the random directed\npercolation. We study effects of one bank failure on the nucleation of\ncontagion phase in a financial market. We recognize the power law distribution\nof contagion sizes in 3d- and 4d-networks as an indicator of SOC behavior. The\nSOC dynamics was not detected in 2d-lattices. The difference between 2d- and\n3d- or 4d-systems is explained due to the percolation theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work extraction in an isolated quantum lattice system: Grand canonical\n  and generalized Gibbs ensemble predictions: We study work extraction (defined as the difference between the initial and\nthe final energy) in noninteracting and (effectively) weakly interacting\nisolated fermionic quantum lattice systems in one dimension, which undergo a\nsequence of quenches and equilibration. The systems are divided in two parts,\nwhich we identify as the subsystem of interest and the bath. We extract work by\nquenching the on-site potentials in the subsystem, letting the entire system\nequilibrate, and returning to the initial parameters in the subsystem using a\nquasi-static process (the bath is never acted upon). We select initial states\nthat are direct products of thermal states of the subsystem and the bath, and\nconsider equilibration to the generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE, noninteracting\ncase) and to the Gibbs ensemble (GE, weakly interacting case). We identify the\nclass of quenches that, in the thermodynamic limit, results in GE and GGE\nentropies after the quench that are identical to the one in the initial state\n(quenches that do not produce entropy). Those quenches guarantee maximal work\nextraction when thermalization occurs. We show that the same remains true in\nthe presence of integrable dynamics that results in equilibration to the GGE.",
        "positive": "Strong Phase Separation in a Model of Sedimenting Lattices: We study the steady state resulting from instabilities in crystals driven\nthrough a dissipative medium, for instance, a colloidal crystal which is\nsteadily sedimenting through a viscous fluid. The problem involves two coupled\nfields, the density and the tilt; the latter describes the orientation of the\nmass tensor with respect to the driving field. We map the problem to a 1-d\nlattice model with two coupled species of spins evolving through conserved\ndynamics. In the steady state of this model each of the two species shows\nmacroscopic phase separation. This phase separation is robust and survives at\nall temperatures or noise levels--- hence the term Strong Phase Separation.\nThis sort of phase separation can be understood in terms of barriers to\nremixing which grow with system size and result in a logarithmically slow\napproach to the steady state. In a particular symmetric limit, it is shown that\nthe condition of detailed balance holds with a Hamiltonian which has\ninfinite-ranged interactions, even though the initial model has only local\ndynamics. The long-ranged character of the interactions is responsible for\nphase separation, and for the fact that it persists at all temperatures.\nPossible experimental tests of the phenomenon are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "When and how much the altruism impacts your privileged information?\n  Proposing a new paradigm in game theory: The boxers game: In this work, we proposed a new $N$-person game in which the players can bet\non two options, for example represented by two boxers. Some of the players have\nprivileged information about the boxers and part of them can provide this\ninformation to uninformed players. However, this information may be true if the\ninformed player is altruist or false if he is selfish. So, in this game, the\nplayers are divided in three categories: informed and altruist players,\ninformed and selfish players, and uninformed players. By considering the\nmatchings ($N/2$ distinct pairs of randomly chosen players) and that the payoff\nof the winning group follows aspects captured from two important games, the\npublic goods game and minority game, we showed quantitatively and qualitatively\nhow the altruism can impact on the privileged information. We localized\nanalytically the regions of positive payoffs which were corroborated by\nnumerical simulations performed for all values of information and altruism\ndensities given that we know the information level of the informed players.\nFinally, in an evolutionary version of the game ,we showed that the gain of the\ninformed players can get worse if we adopted the following procedure: the\nplayers increase their investment for situations of positive payoffs, and\ndecrease their investment when negative payoffs occur.",
        "positive": "Reentrant phenomenon and inverse magnetocaloric effect in a generalized\n  spin-(1/2,s) Fisher's super-exchange antiferromagnet: The thermodynamic and magnetocaloric properties of a generalized\nspin-$(1/2,s)$ Fisher's super-exchange antiferromagnet are exactly investigated\nby using the decoration-iteration mapping transformation. Besides the critical\ntemperature, sublattice magnetization, total magnetization, entropy and\nspecific heat, the isothermal entropy change and adiabatic temperature change\nare rigorously calculated in order to examine cooling efficiency of the model\nin a vicinity of the first- and second-order phase transitions. It is shown\nthat an enhanced inverse magnetocaloric effect occurs around the temperature\ninterval $T_c(B\\neq 0) \\lesssim T < T_c(B = 0)$ for any magnetic-field change\n$\\Delta B: 0 \\to B$. The most pronounced inverse magnetocaloric effect can be\nfound nearby the critical field, which corresponds to the zero-temperature\nphase transition from the long-range ordered ground state to the paramagnetic\none. The observed phenomenon increases with the increasing value of decorating\nspins. Furthermore, sufficiently high values of decorating spins have also\nlinked to a possibility of observing reentrant phase transitions at finite\ntemperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatial pattern formation induced by Gaussian white noise: The ability of Gaussian noise to induce ordered states in dynamical systems\nis here presented in an overview of the main stochastic mechanisms able to\ngenerate spatial patterns. These mechanisms involve: (i) a deterministic local\ndynamics term, accounting for the local rate of variation of the field\nvariable, (ii) a noise component (additive or multiplicative) accounting for\nthe unavoidable environmental disturbances, and (iii) a linear spatial coupling\ncomponent, which provides spatial coherence and takes into account diffusion\nmechanisms. We investigate these dynamics using analytical tools, such as\nmean-field theory, linear stability analysis and structure function analysis,\nand use numerical simulations to confirm these analytical results.",
        "positive": "Many-particle dephasing after a quench: After a quench in a quantum many-body system, expectation values tend to\nrelax towards long-time averages. However, in any finite-size system, temporal\nfluctuations remain. It is crucial to study the suppression of these\nfluctuations with system size. The particularly important case of\nnon-integrable models has been addressed so far only by numerics and\nconjectures based on analytical bounds. In this work, we are able to derive\nanalytical predictions for the temporal fluctuations in a non-integrable model\n(the transverse Ising chain with extra terms). Our results are based on\nidentifying a dynamical regime of 'many-particle dephasing', where\nquasiparticles do not yet relax but fluctuations are nonetheless suppressed\nexponentially by weak integrability breaking."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization universality classes and stability of smooth, coupled\n  map lattices: We study two problems related to spatially extended systems: the dynamical\nstability and the universality classes of the replica synchronization\ntransition. We use a simple model of one dimensional coupled map lattices and\nshow that chaotic behavior implies that the synchronization transition belongs\nto the multiplicative noise universality class, while stable chaos implies that\nthe synchronization transition belongs to the directed percolation universality\nclass.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Echo Phenomena in Nonequilibrium Systems: A thermodynamic system is driven into a nonequilibrium condition when a\ntime-dependent force or a nonconservative force represented by a protocol\n$\\lambda(t)$ is applied. Such a system is time irreversible in the sense that\nthe motion under a protocol $\\lambda(0\\leq t\\leq \\tau)$ and the time-reversed\nmotion under $\\lambda(\\tau-t)$ are not equally probable. We investigate a\nstochastic echo phenomenon in which a system is controlled by an optimal\nprotocol to display the time-reversed motion. The optimal protocol is derived\nfor a Langevin system. For the time-dependent driving case, simple harmonic\noscillator systems are found to display the perfect stochastic echo phenomenon.\nWe also show that any system driven by a time-independent nonconservative force\nhas a dual system displaying the perfect stochastic echo phenomenon. Our study\nprovides a novel perspective on the time-irreversibility of nonequilibrium\nsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class for the critical dynamics of\n  reaction-diffusion fronts: We have studied front dynamics for the discrete $A+A \\leftrightarrow A$\nreaction-diffusion system, which in the continuum is described by the\n(stochastic) Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piscunov equation. We have revisited\nthis discrete model in two space dimensions by means of extensive numerical\nsimulations and an improved analysis of the time evolution of the interface\nseparating the stable and unstable phases. In particular, we have measured the\nfull set of critical exponents which characterize the spatio-temporal\nfluctuations of such front for different lattice sizes, focusing mainly in the\nfront width and correlation length. These exponents are in very good agreement\nwith those computed in [E. Moro, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 238303 (2001)] and\ncorrespond to those of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class for\none-dimensional interfaces. Furthermore, we have studied the one-point\nstatistics and the covariance of rescaled front fluctuations, which had\nremained thus far unexplored in the literature and allows for a further\nstringent test of KPZ universality.",
        "positive": "Surfing on a critical line: Rejuvenation without chaos, Memory without a\n  hierarchical phase space: The dynamic behaviour of glassy materials displays strong nonequilibrium\neffects, such as ageing in simple protocols, memory, rejuvenation and Kovacs\neffects in more elaborated experiments. We show that this phenomenology may be\neasily understood in the context of the nonequilibrium critical dynamics of\nnon-disordered systems, the main ingredient being the existence of an infinite\nequilibrium correlation length. As an example, we analytically investigate the\nbehaviour of the 2D XY model submitted to temperature protocols similar to\nexperiments. This shows that typical glassy effects may be obtained by `surfing\non a critical line' without invoking the concept of temperature chaos nor the\nexistence of a hierarchical phase space, as opposed to previous theoretical\napproaches. The relevance of this phenomenological approach to glassy dynamics\nis finally discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partition functions for two-dimensional Ising models using Generalised\n  Hypergeometric series and Chebyshev polynomials: The zero-field partition function of two-dimensional nearest neighbor Ising\nmodels of square lattices is derived in terms of the generalized hypergeometric\nseries by evaluating the integral in the exact solution of Onsager. An\napproximate equation for the partition function in terms of Chebyshev\npolynomials is also provided.",
        "positive": "The effect of memory and active forces on transition path times\n  distributions: An analytical expression is derived for the transition path time distribution\nfor a one-dimensional particle crossing of a parabolic barrier. Two cases are\nanalyzed: (i) A non-Markovian process described by a generalized Langevin\nequation with a power-law memory kernel and (ii) a Markovian process with a\nnoise violating the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, modeling the stochastic\ndynamics generated by active forces. In the case (i) we show that the anomalous\ndynamics strongly affecting the short time behavior of the distributions, but\nthis happens only for very rare events not influencing the overall statistics.\nAt long times the decay is always exponential, in disagreement with a recent\nstudy suggesting a stretched exponential decay. In the case (ii) the active\nforces do not substantially modify the short time behavior of the distribution,\nbut lead to an overall decrease of the average transition path time. These\nfindings offer some novel insights, useful for the analysis of experiments of\ntransition path times in (bio)molecular systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temporal disorder in discontinuous non-equilibrium phase transitions:\n  general results: We develop a general theory for discontinuous non-equilibrium phase\ntransitions into an absorbing state in the presence of temporal disorder. We\nfocus in two paradigmatic models for discontinuous transitions: the quadratic\ncontact process (in which activation is only spread when two nearest- neighbor\nsites are both active) and the contact process with long-range interactions.\nUsing simple stability arguments (supported by Monte Carlo simulations), we\nshow that temporal disorder does not destroy the discontinuous transition in\nthe former model. For the latter one, the first-order transition is turned into\na continuous one only in the strong-disorder limit, with critical behavior\nbelonging to the infinite-noise universality class of the contact process\nmodel. Finally, we have found that rare temporal fluctuations dramatically\nchanges the behavior of metastable phase turning it into a temporal Griffiths\ninactive phase characterized by an exponentially large decay time.",
        "positive": "Enhancement, slow relaxation, ergodicity and rejuvenation of diffusion\n  in biased continuous-time random walks: Bias plays an important role in the enhancement of diffusion in periodic\npotentials. Using the continuous-time random walk in the presence of a bias, we\nprovide a novel mechanism for the enhancement of diffusion in a random energy\nlandscape. When the variance of the waiting time diverges, in contrast to the\nbias-free case the dynamics with bias becomes superdiffusive. In the\nsuperdiffusive regime, we find a distinct initial ensemble dependence of the\ndiffusivity. We show that the time-averaged variance converges to the\ncorresponding ensemble-averaged variance, i.e., ergodicity is preserved.\nHowever, trajectory-to-trajectory fluctuations of the time-averaged variance\ndecay slowly. Our finding suggests that in the superdiffusive regime the\ndiffusivity for a non-equilibrium initial ensemble gradually increases to that\nfor an equilibrium ensemble when the start of the measurement is delayed,\ncorresponding to a rejuvenation of diffusivity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic statistical theory of nucleation and evolution of nano-sized\n  precipitates in alloys with application to precipitation of copper in iron: The consistent and computationally efficient stochastic statistical approach\n(SSA) is suggested to study kinetics of nucleation and evolution of nano-sized\nprecipitates in alloys. An important parameter of the theory is the size of\nlocally equilibrated regions at the nucleation stage which is estimated using\nthe \"maximum thermodynamic gain\" principle suggested.\n  For several realistic models of iron-copper alloys studied, the results of\nthe SSA-based simulations of precipitation kinetics agree well with the kinetic\nMonte Carlo simulation results for all main characteristics of microstructure.\nThe approach developed is also used to study kinetics of nucleation and changes\nin microstructural evolution under variations of temperature or concentration.",
        "positive": "Finite size and temperature effects in the $J_1-J_2$ model on a strip: Within Takahashi's spin-wave theory we study finite size and temperature\neffects near the quantum critical point in the $J_{1}-J_{2}$ Heisenberg\nantiferromagnet defined on a strip ($L\\times\\infty$). In the continuum limit,\nthe theory predicts universal finite size and temperature corrections and\ndescribes the dimensional crossover in magnetic properties from 2+1 to 1+1\nspace-time dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collective diffusion of dense adsorbate at surfaces of various geometry: Convenient variational formula for collective diffusion of many particles\nadsorbed at lattices of arbitrary geometry is formulated. The approach allows\nto find the expressions for the diffusion coefficient for any value of the\nsystem's coverage. It is assumed that particles interact via on-site repulsion\nexcluding double site occupancy. It is shown that the method can be applied to\nvarious systems of different geometry. Examples of real systems such as GaAs\nwith specific energetic landscapes are also presented. Diffusion of Ga adatoms\non GaAs(001) surface reconstructed in two different symmetries is studied. It\nis shown how increasing Ga coverage changes the character of diffusion from\nisotropic two-dimensional into highly anisotropic, almost one-dimensional. It\nis shown how important the role of the inter-particle correlations is, which\ninfluence the value of the collective diffusion coefficient at higher\ncoverages.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo study of an anisotropic Ising multilayer with\n  antiferromagnetic interlayer couplings: We present a Monte Carlo study of the magnetic properties of an Ising\nmultilayer ferrimagnet. The system consists of two kinds of non-equivalent\nplanes, one of which is site-diluted. All intralayer couplings are\nferromagnetic. The different kinds of planes are stacked alternately and the\ninterlayer couplings are antiferromagnetic. We perform the simulations using\nthe Wolff algorithm and employ multiple histogram reweighting and finite-size\nscaling methods to analyze the data with special emphasis on the study of\ncompensation phenomena. Compensation and critical temperatures of the system\nare obtained as functions of the Hamiltonian parameters and we present a\ndetailed discussion about the contribution of each parameter to the presence or\nabsence of the compensation effect. A comparison is presented between our\nresults and those reported in the literature for the same model using the pair\napproximation. We also compare our results with those obtained through both the\npair approximation and Monte Carlo simulations for the bilayer system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Can we hear Kolmogorov spectra?: We study the long-time evolution of waves of a thin elastic plate in the\nlimit of small deformation so that modes of oscillations interact weakly.\nAccording to the theory of weak turbulence a nonlinear wave system evolves in\nlong-time creating a slow transfer of energy from one mode to another. We\nderive this kinetic equation for the spectral transfer in terms of the second\norder moment. We show explicitly that such a non-equilibrium theory describes\nthe approach to an equilibrium wave spectrum, and describes also an energy\ncascade, often called the Kolmogorov-Zakharov spectrum. We perform numerical\nsimulations confirming this scenario.",
        "positive": "Weighting of topologically different interactions in a model of\n  two-dimensional polymer collapse: We study by computer simulation a recently introduced generalised model of\nself-interacting self-avoiding trails on the square lattice that distinguishes\ntwo topologically different types of self-interaction: namely crossings where\nthe trail passes across itself and collisions where the lattice path visits the\nsame site without crossing. This model generalises the canonical interacting\nself-avoiding trail model of polymer collapse which has a strongly divergent\nspecific heat at its transition point. We confirm the recent prediction that\nthe asymmetry does not affect the universality class for a range of asymmetry.\nCertainly, where the weighting of collisions outweighs that of crossings this\nis well supported numerically. When crossings are weighted heavily relative to\ncollisions the collapse transition reverts to the canonical theta-point-like\nbehaviour found in interacting self-avoiding walks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Trace of anomalous diffusion in a biased quenched trap model: Diffusion on a quenched heterogeneous environment in the presence of bias is\nconsidered analytically. The first-passage-time statistics can be applied to\nobtain the drift and the diffusion coefficient in periodic quenched\nenvironments. We show several transition points at which sample-to-sample\nfluctuations of the drift or the diffusion coefficient remain large even when\nthe system size becomes large, i.e., non-self-averaging. Moreover, we find that\nthe disorder average of the diffusion coefficient diverges or becomes zero when\nthe corresponding annealed model generates superdiffusion or subdiffusion,\nrespectively. This result implies that anomalous diffusion in an annealed model\nis traced by anomaly of the diffusion coefficients in the corresponding\nquenched model.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Resonance and Dynamic First-Order Pseudo-Phase Transitions in\n  the Irreversible Growth of Thin Films under Spatially Periodic Magnetic\n  Fields: We study the irreversible growth of magnetic thin films under the influence\nof spatially periodic fields by means of extensive Monte Carlo simulations. We\nfind first-order pseudo-phase transitions that separate a dynamically\ndisordered phase from a dynamically ordered phase. By analogy with\ntime-dependent oscillating fields applied to Ising-type models, we\nqualitatively associate this dynamic transition with the\nlocalization/delocalization transition of \"spatial hysteresis\" loops. Depending\non the relative width of the magnetic film, $L$, compared to the wavelength of\nthe external field, $\\lambda$, different transition regimes are observed. For\nsmall systems ($L<\\lambda$), the transition is associated with the Standard\nStochastic Resonance regime, while, for large systems ($L>\\lambda$), the\ntransition is driven by Anomalous Stochastic Resonance. The origin of the\nlatter is identified as due to the emergence of an additional relevant\nlengthscale, namely the roughness of the spin domain switching interface. The\ndistinction between different stochastic resonance regimes is discussed at\nlength, both qualitatively by means of snapshot configurations, as well as\nquantitatively via residence-length and order-parameter probability\ndistributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time resolved particle dynamics in granular convection: We present an experimental study of the movement of individual particles in a\nlayer of vertically shaken granular material. High-speed imaging allows us to\ninvestigate the motion of beads within one vibration period. This motion\nconsists mainly of vertical jumps, and a global ordered drift. The analysis of\nthe system movement as a whole reveals that the observed bifurcation in the\nflight time is not adequately described by the Inelastic Bouncing Ball Model.\nNear the bifurcation point, friction plays and important role, and the branches\nof the bifurcation do not diverge as the control parameter is increased. We\nquantify the friction of the beads against the walls, showing that this\ninteraction is the underlying mechanism responsible for the dynamics of the\nflow observed near the lateral wall.",
        "positive": "Dynamic behavior of elevators under random inflow of passengers: Elevators can be regarded as oscillators driven by the calls of passengers\nwho arrive randomly. We study the dynamic behavior of elevators during the down\npeak period numerically and analytically. We assume that new passengers arrive\nat each floor according to a Poisson process and call the elevators to go down\nto the ground floor. We numerically examine how the round-trip time of a single\nelevator depends on the inflow rate of passengers at each floor and reproduce\nit by a self-consistent equation considering the combination of floors where\ncall occurs. By setting an order parameter, we show that the synchronization of\ntwo elevators occurs irrespective of final destination (whether the elevators\ndid or did not go to the top floor). It indicates that the spontaneous ordering\nof elevators emerges from the Poisson noise. We also reproduce the round-trip\ntime of two elevators by a self-consistent equation considering the interaction\nthrough the existence of passengers and the absence of volume exclusion. Those\nresults suggest that such interaction stabilizes and characterizes the\nspontaneous ordering of elevators."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of Dimensionality on the Percolation Threshold of Overlapping\n  Nonspherical Hyperparticles: A set of lower bounds on the continuum percolation threshold $\\eta_c$ of\noverlapping convex hyperparticles of general nonspherical (anisotropic) shape\nwith a specified orientational probability distribution in $d$-dimensional\nEuclidean space have been derived [S. Torquato, J. Chem. Phys. {\\bf 136},\n054106 (2012)]. The simplest of these lower bounds is given by $\\eta_c \\ge\nv/v_{ex}$, where $v_{ex}$ is the $d$-dimensional exclusion volume of a\nhyperparticle and $v$ is its $d$-dimensional volume. In order to study the\neffect of dimensionality on the threshold $\\eta_c$ of overlapping nonspherical\nconvex hyperparticles with random orientations here, we obtain a scaling\nrelation for $\\eta_c$ that is based on this lower bound and a conjecture that\nhyperspheres provide the highest threshold among all convex hyperparticle\nshapes for any $d$. This scaling relation exploits the principle that\nlow-dimensional continuum percolation behavior encodes high-dimensional\ninformation. We derive a formula for the exclusion volume $v_{ex}$ of a\nhyperparticle in terms of its $d$-dimensional volume $v$, surface area $s$ and\n{\\it radius of mean curvature} ${\\bar R}$ (or, equivalently, {\\it mean width}).\nThese basic geometrical properties are computed for a wide variety of\nnonspherical hyperparticle shapes with random orientations across all\ndimensions, including, among other shapes, various polygons for $d=2$, Platonic\nsolids, spherocylinders, parallepipeds and zero-volume plates for $d=3$ and\ntheir appropriate generalizations for $d \\ge 4$. We then compute the lower\nbound and scaling relation for $\\eta_c$ for this comprehensive set of continuum\npercolation models across dimensions. We show that the scaling relation\nprovides accurate {\\it upper-bound} estimates of the threshold $\\eta_c$ across\ndimensions and becomes increasingly accurate as the space $d$ increases.",
        "positive": "Anomalous pinning behavior in an incommensurate two-chain model of\n  friction: Pinning phenomena in an incommensurate two-chain model of friction are\nstudied numerically. The pinning effect due to the breaking of analyticity\nexists in the present model. The pinning behavior is, however, quite different\nfrom that for the breaking of analyticity state of the Frenkel-Kontorova model.\nWhen the elasticity of chains or the strength of interchain interaction is\nchanged, pinning force and maximum static frictional force show anomalously\ncomplicated behavior accompanied by a successive phase transition and they\nvanish completely under certain conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cyclical interactions with alliance-specific heterogeneous invasion\n  rates: We study a six-species Lotka-Volterra type system on different\ntwo-dimensional lattices when each species has two superior and two inferior\npartners. The invasion rates from predator sites to a randomly chosen\nneighboring prey's site depend on the predator-prey pair, whereby cyclic\nsymmetries within the two three-species defensive alliances are conserved.\nMonte Carlo simulations reveal an unexpected non-monotonous dependence of\nalliance survival on the difference of alliance-specific invasion rates. This\nbehavior is qualitatively reproduced by a four-point mean-field approximation.\nThe study addresses fundamental problems of stability for the competition of\ntwo defensive alliances and thus has important implications in natural and\nsocial sciences.",
        "positive": "Universality in the tripartite information after global quenches: spin\n  flip and semilocal charges: We study stationary states emerging after global quenches in which the time\nevolution is under local Hamiltonians that possess semilocal conserved\noperators. In particular, we study a model that is dual to quantum XY chain. We\nshow that a localized perturbation in the initial state can turn an exponential\ndecay of spatial correlations in the stationary state into an algebraic decay.\nWe investigate the consequences on the behavior of the (R\\'enyi-$\\alpha$)\nentanglement entropies, focusing on the tripartite information of three\nadjacent subsystems. In the limit of large subsystems, we show that in the\nstationary state with the algebraic decay of correlations the tripartite\ninformation exhibits a non-zero value with a universal dependency on the cross\nratio, while it vanishes in the stationary state with the exponential decay of\ncorrelations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical quantum phase transitions in a spin chain with deconfined\n  quantum critical points: We analytically and numerically study the Loschmidt echo and the dynamical\norder parameters in a spin chain with a deconfined phase transition between a\ndimerized state and a ferromagnetic phase. For quenches from a dimerized state\nto a ferromagnetic phase, we find that the model can exhibit a dynamical\nquantum phase transition characterized by an associating dimerized order\nparameters. In particular, when quenching the system from the Majumdar-Ghosh\nstate to the ferromagnetic Ising state, we find an exact mapping into the\nclassical Ising chain for a quench from the paramagnetic phase to the classical\nIsing phase by analytically calculating the Loschmidt echo and the dynamical\norder parameters. By contrast, for quenches from a ferromagnetic state to a\ndimerized state, the system relaxes very fast so that the dynamical quantum\ntransition may only exist in a short time scale. We reveal that the dynamical\nquantum phase transition can occur in systems with two broken symmetry phases\nand the quench dynamics may be independent on equilibrium phase transitions.",
        "positive": "Quantum, cyclic and particle-exchange heat engines: Differences between the thermodynamic behavior of the three-level amplifier\n(a quantum heat engine based on a thermally pumped laser) and the classical\nCarnot cycle are usually attributed to the essentially quantum or discrete\nnature of the former. Here we provide examples of a number of classical and\nsemiclassical heat engines, such as thermionic, thermoelectric and photovoltaic\ndevices, which all utilize the same thermodynamic mechanism for achieving\nreversibility as the three-level amplifier, namely isentropic (but\nnon-isothermal) particle transfer between hot and cold reservoirs. This\nmechanism is distinct from the isothermal heat transfer required to achieve\nreversibility in cyclic engines such as the Carnot, Otto or Brayton cycles. We\npoint out that some of the qualitative differences previously uncovered between\nthe three-level amplifier and the Carnot cycle may be attributed to the fact\nthat they are not the same 'type' of heat engine, rather than to the quantum\nnature of the three-level amplifier per se."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Velocity-force characteristics of an interface driven through a periodic\n  potential: We study the creep dynamics of a two-dimensional interface driven through a\nperiodic potential using dynamical renormalization group methods. We find that\nthe nature of weak-drive transport depends qualitatively on whether the\ntemperature $T$ is above or below the equilibrium roughening transition\ntemperature $T_c$. Above $T_c$, the velocity-force characteristics is Ohmic,\nwith linear mobility exhibiting a jump discontinuity across the transition. For\n$T \\le T_c$, the transport is highly nonlinear, exhibiting an interesting\ncrossover in temperature and weak external force $F$. For intermediate drive,\n$F>F_*$, we find near $T_c^{-}$ a power-law velocity-force characteristics\n$v(F)\\sim F^\\sigma$, with $\\sigma-1\\propto \\tilde{t}$, and well-below $T_c$,\n$v(F)\\sim e^{-(F_*/F)^{2\\tilde{t}}}$, with $\\tilde{t}=(1-T/T_c)$. In the limit\nof vanishing drive ($F\\ll F_*$) the velocity-force characteristics crosses over\nto $v(F)\\sim e^{-(F_0/F)}$, and is controlled by soliton nucleation.",
        "positive": "Quantum entanglement and quantum phase transition in the XY model with\n  staggered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction: We study the quantum entanglement and quantum phase transition (QPT) of the\nanisotropic spin-1/2 XY model with staggered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM)\ninteraction by means of quantum renormalization group method. The scaling of\ncoupling constants and the critical points of the system are obtained. It is\nfound that when the number of renormalization group iterations tends to\ninfinity, the system exhibit a QPT between the spin-fluid and N\\'eel phases\nwhich corresponds with two saturated values of the concurrence for a given\nvalue of the strength of DM interaction. The DM interaction can enhance the\nentanglement and influence the QPT of the system. To gain further insight, the\nfirst derivative of the entanglement exhibit a nonanalytic behavior at the\ncritical point and it directly associates with the divergence of the\ncorrelation length. This shows that the correlation length exponent is closely\nrelated to the critical exponent, i.e., the scaling behaviors of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exploring non-equilibrium phases of the generalized Dicke model with a\n  trapped Rydberg ion quantum simulator: Trapped ions are a versatile platform for the investigation of quantum\nmany-body phenomena, in particular for the study of scenarios where long-range\ninteractions are mediated by phonons. Recent experiments have shown that the\ntrapped ion platform can be augmented by exciting high-lying Rydberg states.\nThis introduces controllable state-dependent interactions that are independent\nfrom the phonon structure. However, the many-body physics in this newly\naccessible regime is largely unexplored. We show that this system grants access\nto generalized Dicke model physics, where dipolar interactions between ions in\nRydberg states drastically alter the collective non-equilibrium behavior. We\nanalyze and classify the emerging dynamical phases and identify a host of\nnon-equilibrium signatures such as multi-phase coexistence regions and\nphonon-lasing regimes. We moreover show how they can be detected and\ncharacterized through the fluorescence signal of scattered photons. Our study\nthus highlights new capabilities of trapped Rydberg ion systems for creating\nand detecting quantum non-equilibrium phases.",
        "positive": "Infinite ergodic theory and Non-extensive entropies: We bring into account a series of result in the infinite ergodic theory that\nwe believe that they are relevant to the theory of non-extensive entropies"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stationary point approach to the phase transition of the classical XY\n  chain with power-law interactions: The stationary points of the Hamiltonian H of the classical XY chain with\npower-law pair interactions (i.e., decaying like r^{-{\\alpha}} with the\ndistance) are analyzed. For a class of \"spinwave-type\" stationary points, the\nasymptotic behavior of the Hessian determinant of H is computed analytically in\nthe limit of large system size. The computation is based on the Toeplitz\nproperty of the Hessian and makes use of a Szeg\\\"o-type theorem. The results\nserve to illustrate a recently discovered relation between phase transitions\nand the properties of stationary points of classical many-body Hamiltonian\nfunctions. In agreement with this relation, the exact phase transition energy\nof the model can be read off from the behavior of the Hessian determinant for\nexponents {\\alpha} between zero and one. For {\\alpha} between one and two, the\nphase transition is not manifest in the behavior of the determinant, and it\nmight be necessary to consider larger classes of stationary points.",
        "positive": "Transport properties and first arrival statistics of random searches\n  with stochastic reset times: Stochastic resets have lately emerged as a mechanism able to generate finite\nequilibrium mean square displacement (MSD) when they are applied to diffusive\nmotion. Furthermore, walkers with an infinite mean first arrival time (MFAT) to\na given position $x$, may reach it in a finite time when they reset their\nposition. In this work we study these emerging phenomena from a unified\nperspective. On one hand we study the existence of a finite equilibrium MSD\nwhen resets are applied to random motion with $\\langle x^2(t)\\rangle _m\\sim\nt^p$ for $0<p\\leq2$. For exponentially distributed reset times, a compact\nformula is derived for the equilibrium MSD of the overall process in terms of\nthe mean reset time and the motion MSD. On the other hand, we also test the\nrobustness of the finiteness of the MFAT for different motion dynamics which\nare subject to stochastic resets. Finally, we study a biased Brownian\noscillator with resets with the general formulas derived in this work, finding\nits equilibrium first moment and MSD, and its MFAT to the minimum of the\nharmonic potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The arrow of time and a-priori probabilities: The second law of thermodynamics is asymmetric with respect to time as it\nsays that the entropy of the universe must have been lower in the past and will\nbe higher in the future. How this time-asymmetric law arises from the\ntime-symmetric equations of motion has been the subject of extensive discussion\nin the scientific literature. The currently accepted resolution of the problem\nis to assume that the universe began in a low entropy state for an unknown\nreason. But the probability of this happening by chance is exceedingly small,\nif all microstates are assigned equal a-priori probabilities. In this paper, I\nexplore another possible explanation, which is that our observations of the\ntime-asymmetric increase of entropy could simply be the result of the way we\nassign a-priori probabilities differently to past and future events.",
        "positive": "Universal Randomness: During last two decades it has been discovered that the statistical\nproperties of a number of microscopically rather different random systems at\nthe macroscopic level are described by {\\it the same} universal probability\ndistribution function which is called the Tracy-Widom (TW) distribution. Among\nthese systems we find both purely methematical problems, such as the longest\nincreasing subsequences in random permutations, and quite physical ones, such\nas directed polymers in random media or polynuclear crystal growth. In the\nextensive Introduction we discuss in simple terms these various random systems\nand explain what the universal TW function is. Next, concentrating on the\nexample of one-dimensional directed polymers in random potential we give the\nmain lines of the formal proof that fluctuations of their free energy are\ndescribed the universal TW distribution. The second part of the review consist\nof detailed appendices which provide necessary self-contained mathematical\nbackground for the first part."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slow heterogeneous relaxation due to constraints in dual XXZ models: With the aim to understand the role of the constraints in the thermalisation\nof quantum systems, we study the dynamics of a family of kinetically\nconstrained models arising through duality from the XXZ spin chain. We find\nthat integrable and nonintegrable deformations around the stochastic point give\nrise to ground state phase transitions between localised and delocalised\nphases, which in turn determine the nature of the relaxation dynamics at finite\nenergy densities. While in the delocalised phase thermalisation is fast and\nhomogeneous, in the localised phase relaxation is slow, temporal\nautocorrelations exhibit plateaus indicative of metastability, and the growth\nof entanglement is heterogeneous in space. Furthermore, by considering\nrelaxation from initial product states, we demostrate that this slow\nthermalisation can be rationalised directly from the presence of constraints in\nthe dynamics.",
        "positive": "A random walker on a ratchet: We analyze a model for a walker moving on a ratchet potential. This model is\nmotivated by the properties of transport of motor proteins, like kinesin and\nmyosin. The walker consists of two feet represented as two particles coupled\nnonlinearly through a bistable potential. In contrast to linear coupling, the\nbistable potential admits a richer dynamics where the ordering of the particles\ncan alternate during the walking. The transitions between the two stable states\non the bistable potential correspond to a walking with alternating particles.\nWe distinguish between two main walking styles: alternating and no alternating,\nresembling the hand-over-hand and the inchworm walking in motor proteins,\nrespectively. When the equilibrium distance between the two particles divided\nby the periodicity of the ratchet is an integer, we obtain a maximum for the\ncurrent, indicating optimal transport."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Confinement in the spectrum of a Heisenberg-Ising spin ladder: The Heisenberg-Ising spin ladder is one of the few short-range models showing\nconfinement of elementary excitations without the need of an external field,\nneither transverse nor longitudinal. This feature makes the model suitable for\nan experimental realization with ultracold atoms. In this paper, we combine\nanalytic and numerical techniques to precisely characterize its spectrum in the\nregime of Hamiltonian parameters showing confinement. We find two kinds of\nparticles, which we dub intrachain and interchain mesons, that correspond to\nbound states of kinks within the same chain or between different ones,\nrespectively. The ultimate physical reasons leading to the existence of two\nfamilies of mesons is a residual double degeneracy of the ground state: the two\ntypes of mesons interpolate either between the same vacuum (intrachain) or\nbetween the two different ones (interchain). While the intrachain mesons can\nalso be qualitatively assessed through an effective mean field description and\nwere previously known, the interchain ones are new and they represent general\nfeatures of spin ladders with confinement.",
        "positive": "Anyon Quantum Transport and Noise away from Equilibrium: We investigate the quantum transport of anyons in one space dimension. After\nestablishing some universal features of non-equilibrium systems in contact with\ntwo heat reservoirs in a generalised Gibbs state, we focus on the abelian anyon\nsolution of the Tomonaga-Luttinger model possessing axial-vector duality. In\nthis context a non-equilibrium representation of the physical observables is\nconstructed, which is the basic tool for a systematic study of the anyon\nparticle and heat transport. We determine the associated Lorentz number and\ndescribe explicitly the deviation from the standard Wiedemann-Franz law induced\nby the interaction and the anyon statistics. The quantum fluctuations generated\nby the electric and helical currents are investigated and the dependence of the\nrelative noise power on the statistical parameter is established."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lattice formulation of the Fokker-Planck equation: A lattice version of the Fokker-Planck equation (FPE), accounting for\ndissipative interactions, not resolved on the molecular scale, is introduced.\nThe lattice FPE is applied to the study of electrorheological transport of a\none-dimensional charged fluid, and found to yield quantitative agreement with a\nrecent analytical solution. Future extensions, including inelastic ion-ion\ncollisions, are also outlined.",
        "positive": "Similarities and Differences Between Nonequilibrium Steady States and\n  Time-Periodic Driving in Diffusive Systems: A system that violates detailed balance evolves asymptotically into a\nnonequilibrium steady state with non-vanishing currents. Analogously, when\ndetailed balance holds at any instant of time but the system is driven through\ntime-periodic variations of external parameters, it evolves toward a\ntime-periodic state, which can also support non-vanishing currents. In both\ncases the maintenance of currents throughout the system incurs a cost in terms\nof entropy production. Here we compare these two scenarios for one dimensional\ndiffusive systems with periodic boundary condition, a framework commonly used\nto model biological and artificial molecular machines. We first show that the\nentropy production rate in a periodically driven system is necessarily greater\nthan that in a stationary system without detailed balance, when both are\ndescribed by the same (time-averaged) current and probability distribution.\nNext, we show how to construct both a non-equilibrium steady state and a\nperiodic driving that support a given time averaged probability distribution\nand current. Lastly, we show that although the entropy production rate of a\nperiodically driven system is higher than that of an equivalent steady state,\nthe difference between the two entropy production rates can be tuned to be\narbitrarily small."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Markov State Modeling of Sliding Friction: Markov State Modeling has recently emerged as a key technique for analyzing\nrare events in thermal equilibrium molecular simulations and finding metastable\nstates. Here we export this technique to the study of friction, where strongly\nnon-equilibrium events are induced by an external force. The approach is\nbenchmarked on the well-studied Frenkel-Kontorova model, where we demonstrate\nthe unprejudiced identification of the minimal basis microscopic states\nnecessary for describing sliding, stick-slip and dissipation. The steps\nnecessary for the application to realistic frictional systems are highlighted.",
        "positive": "Generalized Moment Method for Gap Estimation and Quantum Monte Carlo\n  Level Spectroscopy: We formulate a convergent sequence for the energy gap estimation in the\nworldline quantum Monte Carlo method. The ambiguity left in the conventional\ngap calculation for quantum systems is eliminated. Our estimation will be\nunbiased in the low-temperature limit and also the error bar is reliably\nestimated. The level spectroscopy from quantum Monte Carlo data is developed as\nan application of the unbiased gap estimation. From the spectral analysis, we\nprecisely determine the Kosterlitz-Thouless quantum phase-transition point of\nthe spin-Peierls model. It is stablished that the quantum phonon with a finite\nfrequency is essential to the critical theory governed by the antiadiabatic\nlimit, i.e., the $k=1$ SU(2) Wess-Zumino-Witten model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite time and asymptotic behaviour of the maximal excursion of a\n  random walk: We evaluate the limit distribution of the maximal excursion of a random walk\nin any dimension for homogeneous environments and for self-similar supports\nunder the assumption of spherical symmetry. This distribution is obtained in\nclosed form and is an approximation of the exact distribution comparable to\nthat obtained by real space renormalization methods. Then we focus on the early\ntime behaviour of this quantity. The instantaneous diffusion exponent $\\nu_n$\nexhibits a systematic overshooting of the long time exponent. Exact results are\nobtained in one dimension up to third order in $n^{-1/2}$. In two dimensions,\non a regular lattice and on the Sierpi\\'nski gasket we find numerically that\nthe analytic scaling $\\nu_n \\simeq \\nu+A n^{-\\nu}$ holds.",
        "positive": "Universal statistics of longest lasting records of random walks and\n  L\u00e9vy flights: We study the record statistics of random walks after $n$ steps, $x_0,\nx_1,\\ldots, x_n$, with arbitrary symmetric and continuous distribution\n$p(\\eta)$ of the jumps $\\eta_i = x_i - x_{i-1}$. We consider the age of the\nrecords, i.e. the time up to which a record survives. Depending on how the age\nof the current last record is defined, we propose three distinct sequences of\nages (indexed by $\\alpha$ = I, II, III) associated to a given sequence of\nrecords. We then focus on the longest lasting record, which is the longest\nelement among this sequence of ages. To characterize the statistics of these\nlongest lasting records, we compute: (i) the probability that the record of the\nlongest age is broken at step $n$, denoted by $Q^{\\alpha}(n)$, which we call\nthe probability of record breaking and: (ii) the duration of the longest\nlasting record, $\\ell_{\\max}^{\\alpha}(n)$. We show that both $Q^{\\alpha}(n)$\nand the full statistics of $\\ell_{\\max}^{\\alpha}(n)$ are universal, i.e.\nindependent of the jump distribution $p(\\eta)$. We compute exactly the large\n$n$ asymptotic behaviors of $Q^{\\alpha}(n)$ as well as $\\langle\n\\ell_{\\max}^{\\alpha}(n)\\rangle$ (when it exists) and show that each case gives\nrise to a different universal constant associated to random walks (including\nL\\'evy flights). While two of them appeared before in the excursion theory of\nBrownian motion, for which we provide here a simpler derivation, the third case\ngives rise to a non-trivial new constant $C^{\\rm III} = 0.241749 \\ldots$\nassociated to the records of random walks. Other observables characterizing the\nages of the records, exhibiting an interesting universal behavior, are also\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards a common thread in Complexity: an accuracy-based approach: The complexity of a system, in general, makes it difficult to determine some\nor almost all matrix elements of its operators. The lack of accuracy acts as a\nsource of randomness for the matrix elements which are also subjected to an\nexternal potential due to existing system conditions. The fluctuation of\naccuracy due to varying system-conditions leads to a diffusion of the matrix\nelements. We show that, for the single well potentials, the diffusion can be\ndescribed by a common mathematical formulation where system information enters\nthrough a single parameter. This further leads to a characterization of\nphysical properties by an infinite range of single parametric universality\nclasses.",
        "positive": "The 8V CSOS model and the $sl_2$ loop algebra symmetry of the six-vertex\n  model at roots of unity: We review an algebraic method for constructing degenerate eigenvectors of the\ntransfer matrix of the eight-vertex Cyclic Solid-on-Solid lattice model (8V\nCSOS model), where the degeneracy increases exponentially with respect to the\nsystem size.\n  We consider the elliptic quantum group $E_{\\tau, \\eta}(sl_2)$ at the discrete\ncoupling constants: $2N \\eta = m_1 + i m_2 \\tau$, where $N, m_1$ and $m_2$ are\nintegers. Then we show that degenerate eigenvectors of the transfer matrix of\nthe six-vertex model at roots of unity in the sector $S^Z \\equiv 0$ (mod $N$)\nare derived from those of the 8V CSOS model, through the trigonometric limit.\nThey are associated with the complete $N$ strings. From the result we see that\nthe dimension of a given degenerate eigenspace in the sector $S^Z \\equiv 0$\n(mod $N$) of the six-vertex model at $N$th roots of unity is given by\n$2^{2S_{max}^Z/N}$, where $S_{max}^Z$ is the maximal value of the total spin\noperator $S^Z$ in the degenerate eigenspace."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Virial Equation-of-State for Hard Spheres: Recent values for virial coefficients up to B12, when expressed in powers of\ndensity relative to maximum close packing,lead to a closed equation-of-state\nfor the equilibrium fluid. The series obtained converges for all densities;it\nbecomes negative and diverges to a negative pole at maximum packing. MD data\nfor 64000 spheres in the metastable region shows the virial pressure begins to\ndeviate at the fluid freezing density.",
        "positive": "Front Propagation Dynamics with Exponentially-Distributed Hopping: We study reaction-diffusion systems where diffusion is by jumps whose sizes\nare distributed exponentially. We first study the Fisher-like problem of\npropagation of a front into an unstable state, as typified by the A+B $\\to$ 2A\nreaction. We find that the effect of fluctuations is especially pronounced at\nsmall hopping rates. Fluctuations are treated heuristically via a density\ncutoff in the reaction rate. We then consider the case of propagating up a\nreaction rate gradient. The effect of fluctuations here is pronounced, with the\nfront velocity increasing without limit with increasing bulk particle density.\nThe rate of increase is faster than in the case of a reaction-gradient with\nnearest-neighbor hopping. We derive analytic expressions for the front velocity\ndependence on bulk particle density. Compute simulations are performed to\nconfirm the analytical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Parallel versus sequential updating for Belief Propagation decoding: sequential updating scheme (SUS) for the belief propagation algorithm is\nproposed, and is compared with the parallel (regular) updating scheme (PUS).\nSimulation results on various codes indicate that the number of iterations of\nthe belief algorithm for the SUS is about one half of the required iterations\nfor the PUS, where both decoding algorithms have the same error correction\nproperties. The complexity per iteration for both schemes is similar, resulting\nin a lower total complexity for the SUS. The explanation of this effect is\nrelated to the inter-iteration information sharing, which is a property of only\nthe SUS, and which increases the \"correction gain\" per iteration",
        "positive": "Machine learning algorithms based on generalized Gibbs ensembles: Machine learning algorithms often take inspiration from established results\nand knowledge from statistical physics. A prototypical example is the Boltzmann\nmachine algorithm for supervised learning, which utilizes knowledge of\nclassical thermal partition functions and the Boltzmann distribution. Recently,\na quantum version of the Boltzmann machine was introduced by Amin, et. al.,\nhowever, non-commutativity of quantum operators renders the training process by\nminimizing a cost function inefficient. Recent advances in the study of\nnon-equilibrium quantum integrable systems, which never thermalize, have lead\nto the exploration of a wider class of statistical ensembles. These systems may\nbe described by the so-called generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE), which\nincorporates a number of \"effective temperatures\". We propose that these GGE's\ncan be successfully applied as the basis of a Boltzmann-machine-like learning\nalgorithm, which operates by learning the optimal values of effective\ntemperatures. We show that the GGE algorithm is an optimal quantum Boltzmann\nmachine: it is the only quantum machine that circumvents the quantum\ntraining-process problem. We apply a simplified version of the GGE algorithm,\nwhere quantum effects are suppressed, to the classification of handwritten\ndigits in the MNIST database. While lower error rates can be found with other\nstate-of-the-art algorithms, we find that our algorithm reaches relatively low\nerror rates while learning a much smaller number of parameters than would be\nneeded in a traditional Boltzmann machine, thereby reducing computational cost."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized bit cumulants for chaotic systems: Numerical results: We propose generalized bit cumulants for chaotic systems, within nonextensive\nthermodynamic approach. In this work, we apply the first and second generalized\ncumulants to one dimensional logistic and logistic-like family of maps.",
        "positive": "First-order transition in the one-dimensional three-state Potts model\n  with long-range interactions: The first-order phase transition in the three-state Potts model with\nlong-range interactions decaying as $1/r^{1+\\sigma}$ has been examined by\nnumerical simulations using recently proposed Luijten-Bl\\\"ote algorithm. By\napplying scaling arguments to the interface free energy, the Binder's\nfourth-order cumulant, and the specific heat maximum, the change in the\ncharacter of the transition through variation of parameter $\\sigma$ was\nstudied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement entropy of aperiodic quantum spin chains: We study the entanglement entropy of blocks of contiguous spins in\nnon-periodic (quasi-periodic or more generally aperiodic) critical Heisenberg,\nXX and quantum Ising spin chains, e.g. in Fibonacci chains. For marginal and\nrelevant aperiodic modulations, the entanglement entropy is found to be a\nlogarithmic function of the block size with log-periodic oscillations. The\neffective central charge, c_eff, defined through the constant in front of the\nlogarithm may depend on the ratio of couplings and can even exceed the\ncorresponding value in the homogeneous system. In the strong modulation limit,\nthe ground state is constructed by a renormalization group method and the\nlimiting value of c_eff is exactly calculated. Keeping the ratio of the block\nsize and the system size constant, the entanglement entropy exhibits a scaling\nproperty, however, the corresponding scaling function may be nonanalytic.",
        "positive": "Coherent-state path integral versus coarse-grained effective stochastic\n  equation of motion: From reaction diffusion to stochastic sandpiles: We derive and study two different formalisms used for non-equilibrium\nprocesses: The coherent-state path integral, and an effective, coarse-grained\nstochastic equation of motion. We first study the coherent-state path integral\nand the corresponding field theory, using the annihilation process $A+A\\to A$\nas an example. The field theory contains counter-intuitive quartic vertices. We\nshow how they can be interpreted in terms of a first-passage problem.\nReformulating the coherent-state path integral as a stochastic equation of\nmotion, the noise generically becomes imaginary. This renders it not only\ndifficult to interpret, but leads to convergence problems at finite times. We\nthen show how alternatively an effective coarse-grained stochastic equation of\nmotion with real noise can be constructed. The procedure is similar in spirit\nto the derivation of the mean-field approximation for the Ising model, and the\nensuing construction of its effective field theory. We finally apply our\nfindings to stochastic Manna sandpiles. We show that the coherent-state path\nintegral is inappropriate, or at least inconvenient. As an alternative, we\nderive and solve its mean-field approximation, which we then use to construct a\ncoarse-grained stochastic equation of motion with real noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical theory of structures with extended defects: Many materials contain extended defects of nanosize scale, such as\ndislocations, cracks, pores, polymorphic inclusions, and other embryos of\ncompeting phases. When one is interested not in the precise internal structure\nof a sample with such defects, but in its overall properties as a whole, one\nneeds a statistical picture giving a spatially averaged description. In this\nchapter, an approach is presented for a statistical description of materials\nwith extended nanosize defects. A method is developed allowing for the\nreduction of the problem to the consideration of a set of system replicas\nrepresenting homogeneous materials characterized by effective renormalized\nHamiltonians. This is achieved by defining a procedure of averaging over\nheterophase configurations. The method is illustrated by a lattice model with\nrandomly distributed regions of disorder.",
        "positive": "Residence time of symmetric random walkers in a strip with large\n  reflective obstacles: We study the effect of a large obstacle on the so called residence time,\ni.e., the time that a particle performing a symmetric random walk in a\nrectangular (2D) domain needs to cross the strip. We observe a complex\nbehavior, that is we find out that the residence time does not depend\nmonotonically on the geometric properties of the obstacle, such as its width,\nlength, and position. In some cases, due to the presence of the obstacle, the\nmean residence time is shorter with respect to the one measured for the\nobstacle--free strip. We explain the residence time behavior by developing a 1D\nanalog of the 2D model where the role of the obstacle is played by two defect\nsites having a smaller probability to be crossed with respect to all the other\nregular sites. The 1D and 2D models behave similarly, but in the 1D case we are\nable to compute exactly the residence time finding a perfect match with the\nMonte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport Coefficients of the Yukawa One Component Plasma: We present equilibrium molecular-dynamics computations of the thermal\nconductivity and the two viscosities of the Yukawa one-component plasma. The\nsimulations were performed within periodic boundary conditions and Ewald sums\nwere implemented for the potentials, the forces, and for all the currents which\nenter the Kubo formulas. For large values of the screening parameter, our\nestimates of the shear viscosity and the thermal conductivity are in good\nagreement with the predictions of the Chapman-Enskog theory.",
        "positive": "The most probable distributions with finite number of particles and the\n  applications on Bose-Einstein condensation: Motivated by the Asynchronous Finite Differences Method utilized for the\ncalculation of the most probable distributions of finite particle number\nsystems, this study employs numerical variation and central difference\ntechniques to provide more precise estimations regarding these distributions.\nSpecifically, three novel finite distributions are derived and applied to\nBose-Einstein condensation, revealing that the critical condition\n($n\\lambda^3=2.612$) may be relaxed in finite particle number scenarios.\nMoreover, maintaining density as a constant is anticipated to result in a\nhigher critical temperature compared to infinite number systems. Notably, the\nobtained condensate number on the zero-energy level surpasses that of\npredictions generated by canonical distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Constraint relaxation leads to jamming: Adding transitions to an equilibrium system increases the activity. Naively,\none would expect this to hold also in out of equilibrium systems. This\nsurprising effect is caused by adding heretofore forbidden transitions into\nless and less active states. We demonstrate, using relatively simple models,\nhow adding transitions to an out of equilibrium system may in fact reduce the\nactivity and even cause it to vanish. We investigate six related\nkinetically-constrained lattice gas models, some of which behave as naively\nexpected while others exhibit this non-intuitive behavior. We introduce a\nsemi-mean-field approximation describing the models, which agrees qualitatively\nwith our numerical simulation.",
        "positive": "Antiferromagnetic Ising Model on Inverse Perovskite Lattice: We study thermodynamic properties of an antiferromagnetic Ising model on the\ninverse perovskite lattice by using Monte Carlo simulations. The lattice\nstructure is composed of corner-sharing octahedra and contains\nthree-dimensional geometrical frustration in terms of magnetic interactions.\nThe system with the nearest-neighbor interactions alone does not exhibit any\nphase transition, leading to a degenerate ground state with large residual\nentropy. The degeneracy is lifted by an external magnetic field or by an\nanisotropy in the interactions. Depending on the anisotropy, they stabilize\neither a 3D ferrimagnetic state or a partially-disordered antiferromagnetic\n(PDAF) state with a dimensionality reduction to 2D. By the degeneracy-lifting\nperturbations, all the transition temperatures of these different ordered\nstates continuously grow from zero, leaving an unusual zero-temperature\ncritical point at the unperturbed point. Such a zero-temperature\nmulticriticality is not observed in other frustrated structures such as\nface-centered cubic and pyrochlore. The transition to the PDAF state is\nrepresented by either the first- or second-order boundaries separated by\ntricritical lines, whereas the PDAF phase shows 1/3 magnetization plateaus."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological floating phase in a spatially anisotropic frustrated Ising\n  model: We present new results for the ordering process of a two-dimensional Ising\nmodel with anisotropic frustrating next-nearest-neighbor interactions. We\nconcentrate on a specific wide temperature and parameter region to confirm the\nexistence of two particular phases of the model. The first phase is an\nincommensurate algebraically-ordered (floating) phase emerging at the\ntransition from the paramagnetic high-temperature phase. Then the model\nundergoes a transition to an antiferromagnetically ordered second phase with\ndiagonal ferromagnetic stripes (ordering wave vector $\\vec q = (\\pi/2,\n\\pi/2)$). We analyze the unconventional features appearing in several\nobservables, e.g., energy, structure factors, and correlation functions by\nmeans of extensive Monte-Carlo simulations and examine carefully the influence\nof the lattice sizes. For the analytical study of the intermediate phase the\nVillain-Bak theory is adapted for the present model. Combining both the\nnumerical and analytical work we present the quantitative phase diagram of the\nmodel, and, in particular, argue in favor of an intermediate topological\nfloating phase.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation Theorem for Hidden Entropy Production: In the general process of eliminating dynamic variables in Markovian models,\nthere exists a difference in the irreversible entropy production between the\noriginal and reduced dynamics. We call this difference the hidden entropy\nproduction, since it is an invisible quantity when only the reduced system's\nview is provided. We show that this hidden entropy production obeys a new\nintegral fluctuation theorem for the generic case where all variables are\ntime-reversal invariant, therefore supporting the intuition that entropy\nproduction should decrease by coarse graining. It is found, however, that in\ncases where the condition for our theorem does not hold, entropy production may\nalso increase due to the reduction. The extended multibaker map is investigated\nas an example for this case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Earthquake aftershock networks generated on Euclidean spaces of\n  different fractal geometry: According to some recent analysis (M. Baiesi and M. Paczuski, Phys. Rev. E\n{\\bf 69}, 066106, 2004 \\cite{maya1}) of earthquake data, aftershock epicenters\ncan be considered to represent the nodes of a network where the linking scheme\ndepends on several factors. In the present paper a model network of earthquake\naftershock epicenters is proposed based on this scheme and studied on fractals\nof different dimensions. The various statistical features of this network, like\ndegree, link length, frequency and correlation distributions are evaluated and\ncompared to the observed data. The results are also found to be independent of\nthe fractal geometry.",
        "positive": "Quantum Spin-$1$ Anisotropic Ferromagnetic Heisenberg Model in a Crystal\n  Field: A Variational Approach: A variational approach based on Bogoliubov inequality for the free energy is\nemployed in order to treat the quantum spin-$1$ anisotropic ferromagnetic\nHeisenberg model in the presence of a crystal field. Within the Bogoliubov\nscheme an improved pair approximation has been used. The temperature dependent\nthermodynamic functions have been obtained and provide much better results than\nthe previous simple mean-field scheme. In one dimension, which is still\nnon-integrable for quantum spin-$1$, we get the exact results in the classical\nlimit, or near-exact results in the quantum case, for the free energy,\nmagnetization and quadrupole moment, as well for the transition temperature. In\ntwo and three dimensions the corresponding global phase diagrams have been\nobtained as a function of the parameters of the Hamiltonian. First-order\ntransition lines, second-order transition lines, tricritical and tetracritical\npoints, and critical endpoints have been located through the analysis of the\nminimum of the Helmholtz free energy and a Landau like expansion in the\napproximated free energy. Only first-order quantum transitions have been found\nat zero temperature. Limiting cases, such as isotropic Heisenberg, Blume-Capel\nand Ising models have been analyzed and compared to previous results obtained\nfrom other analytical approaches as well as from Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microcanonical Monte Carlo Study of One Dimensional Self-Gravitating\n  Lattice Gas Models: In this study we present a Microcanonical Monte Carlo investigation of one\ndimensional self-gravitating toy models. We study the effect of hard-core\npotentials and compare to those results obtained with softening parameters and\nalso the effect of the geometry of the models. In order to study the effect of\nthe geometry and the borders in the system we introduce a model with the\nsymmetry of motion in a line instead of a circle, which we denominate as $1/r$\nmodel. The hard-core particle potential introduces the effect of the size of\nparticles and, consequently, the effect of the density of the system that is\nredefined in terms of the packing fraction of the system. The latter plays a\nrole similar to the softening parameter $\\epsilon$ in the softened particles'\ncase. In the case of low packing fractions both models with hard-core particles\nshow a behavior that keeps the intrinsic properties of the three dimensional\ngravitational systems such as negative heat capacity. For higher values of the\npacking fraction the ring the system behaves as the Hamiltonian Mean Field\nmodel and while for the $1/r$ it is similar to the one-dimensional systems.",
        "positive": "Intermediate statistics as a consequence of deformed algebra: We present a formulation of the deformed oscillator algebra which leads to\nintermediate statistics as a continuous interpolation between the Bose-Einstein\nand Fermi-Dirac statistics. It is deduced that a generalized permutation or\nexchange symmetry leads to the introduction of the basic number and it is then\nestablished that this in turn leads to the deformed algebra of oscillators. We\nobtain the mean occupation number describing the particles obeying intermediate\nstatistics which thus establishes the interpolating statistics and describe\nboson like and fermion like particles obeying intermediate statistics. We also\nobtain an expression for the mean occupation number in terms of an infinite\ncontinued fraction, thus clarifying successive approximations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rotational Dynamics of the Magnetic Particles in Ferrofluids: A new theory for the dynamics of the magnetic particles and their magnetic\nmoments in ferrofluids is developed. Based on a generalized Lagrangian\nformulation for the equations of motion of the colloidal particle, we introduce\nits interaction with the solvent fluid via dissipative and random noise\ntorques, as well as the interactions between the particle and its magnetic\nmoment, treated as an independent physical entity and characterized by three\ngeneralized coordinates, its two polar angles and its modulus. It has been\nrecognized recently that inertial effects, as well as the particle's rotational\nBrownian motion, may play important roles on the dynamic susceptibility of a\nclass of magnetic fluids. No satisfactory theory existed, up to now, that takes\nthis effects into account. The theory presented here is a first-principles\n3-dimensional approach, in contrast to some phenomenological 2-dimensional\napproaches that can be found in the recent literature. It is appropriate for\nsuperparamagnetic, non-superparamagnetic and mixed magnetic fluids. As a simple\napplication, the blocked limit (magnetic moment fixed in the particle) is\ntreated numerically. The rotational trajectory of the particles in presence of\na magnetic field, as well as the response functions and dynamic susceptibility\nmatrices are explicitly calculated for some values of the parameters",
        "positive": "Determining the density of states for classical statistical models: A\n  random walk algorithm to produce a flat histogram: We describe an efficient Monte Carlo algorithm using a random walk in energy\nspace to obtain a very accurate estimate of the density of states for classical\nstatistical models. The density of states is modified at each step when the\nenergy level is visited to produce a flat histogram. By carefully controlling\nthe modification factor, we allow the density of states to converge to the true\nvalue very quickly, even for large systems. This algorithm is especially useful\nfor complex systems with a rough landscape since all possible energy levels are\nvisited with the same probability. In this paper, we apply our algorithm to\nboth 1st and 2nd order phase transitions to demonstrate its efficiency and\naccuracy. We obtained direct simulational estimates for the density of states\nfor two-dimensional ten-state Potts models on lattices up to $200 \\times 200 $\nand Ising models on lattices up to $256 \\times 256$. Applying this approach to\na 3D $\\pm J$ spin glass model we estimate the internal energy and entropy at\nzero temperature; and, using a two-dimensional random walk in energy and\norder-parameter space, we obtain the (rough) canonical distribution and energy\nlandscape in order-parameter space. Preliminary data suggest that the glass\ntransition temperature is about 1.2 and that better estimates can be obtained\nwith more extensive application of the method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fast Condensation in a tunable Backgammon model: We present a Monte Carlo study of the Backgammon model, at zero temperature,\nin which a departure box is chosen at random with a probability proportional to\n$(2\\omega - 1)k + (1 - \\omega)N$, where $k$ is the number of particles in the\ndeparture box and $N$ is the total number of particles (equivalently, boxes) in\nthe system. The parameter $\\omega \\in [0,1]$ tunes the dynamics from being slow\n($\\omega = 1$) to being fast ($\\omega = 0$). This parametrization tacitly\nassumes a two-box representation for the system at any instant of time and\n$\\omega$ is formally related to the 'memory' parameter of a correlated binary\nsequence. For $\\omega < 1/2$, the system undergoes a fast condensation beyond a\ncertain time that depends on $\\omega$ and the system size $N$. This\ncondensation provides an interesting contrast to that studied with Zeta Urn\nmodel in that the probability that a box contains $k$ particles evolves\ndifferently in the model discussed here.",
        "positive": "Effective Hamiltonians, prethermalization and slow energy absorption in\n  periodically driven many-body systems: We establish some general dynamical properties of lattice many-body systems\nthat are subject to a high-frequency periodic driving. We prove that such\nsystems have a quasi-conserved extensive quantity $H_*$, which plays the role\nof an effective static Hamiltonian. The dynamics of the system (e.g., evolution\nof any local observable) is well-approximated by the evolution with the\nHamiltonian $H_*$ up to time $\\tau_*$, which is exponentially long in the\ndriving frequency. We further show that the energy absorption rate is\nexponentially small in the driving frequency. In cases where $H_*$ is ergodic,\nthe driven system prethermalizes to a thermal state described by $H_*$ at\nintermediate times $t\\lesssim \\tau_*$, eventually heating up to an\ninfinite-temperature state at times $t\\sim \\tau_*$. Our results indicate that\nrapidly driven many-body systems generically exhibit prethermalization and very\nslow heating. We briefly discuss implications for experiments which realize\ntopological states by periodic driving."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal fluctuations in subdiffusive transport: Subdiffusive transport in tilted washboard potentials is studied within the\nfractional Fokker-Planck equation approach, using the associated continuous\ntime random walk (CTRW) framework. The scaled subvelocity is shown to obey a\nuniversal law, assuming the form of a stationary Levy-stable distribution. The\nlatter is defined by the index of subdiffusion alpha and the mean subvelocity\nonly, but interestingly depends neither on the bias strength nor on the\nspecific form of the potential. These scaled, universal subvelocity\nfluctuations emerge due to the weak ergodicity breaking and are vanishing in\nthe limit of normal diffusion. The results of the analytical heuristic theory\nare corroborated by Monte Carlo simulations of the underlying CTRW.",
        "positive": "Correlation functions from a unified variational principle: trial Lie\n  groups: Time-dependent expectation values and correlation functions for many-body\nquantum systems are evaluated by means of a unified variational principle. It\noptimizes a generating functional depending on sources associated with the\nobservables of interest $\\ldots$"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise-induced self-oscillation (flutter) suppression in the Keldysh\n  model: An equation for the evolution of the energy of a dynamical system (Keldysh\nmodel with one degree of freedom), which contains a white noise source, is\nconstructed. It is shown that self-oscillations (flutter) are suppressed if the\nintensity of white noise exceeds a critical value.",
        "positive": "Force field optimization by imposing kinetic constraints with path\n  reweighting: Empirical force fields employed in molecular dynamics simulations of complex\nsystems can be optimised to reproduce experimentally determined structural and\nthermodynamic properties. In contrast, experimental knowledge about the rates\nof interconversion between metastable states in such systems, is hardly ever\nincorporated in a force field, due to a lack of an efficient approach. Here, we\nintroduce such a framework, based on the relationship between dynamical\nobservables such as rate constants, and the underlying force field parameters,\nusing the statistical mechanics of trajectories. Given a prior ensemble of\nmolecular trajectories produced with imperfect force field parameters, the\napproach allows the optimal adaption of these parameters, such that the imposed\nconstraint of equal predicted and experimental rate constant is obeyed. To do\nso, the method combines the continuum path ensemble Maximum Caliber approach\nwith path reweighting methods for stochastic dynamics. When multiple solutions\nare found, the method selects automatically the combination that corresponds to\nthe smallest perturbation of the entire path ensemble, as required by the\nMaximum Entropy principle. To show the validity of the approach we illustrate\nthe method on simple test systems undergoing rare event dynamics. Next to\nsimple 2D potentials we explore particle models representing molecular\nisomerisation reactions as well as protein-ligand unbinding. Besides optimal\ninteraction parameters the methodology gives physical insight into what parts\nof the model are most sensitive to the kinetics. We discuss the generality and\nbroad implications of the methodology."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A novel approach to the study of critical systems: We introduce a novel approach to study the critical behavior of equilibrium\nand non-equilibrium systems which is based on the concept of an instantaneous\ncorrelation length. We analyze in detail two classical statistical mechanical\nsystems: the XY model and the Ising model, and one of the prototype models of\nSelf-Organized Criticality: the forest fire model (FFM). The proposed method\ncan both capture the critical behavior of the XY model and the Ising model and\ndiscriminate between the nature of the phase transition in the two scenarios.\nWhen applied to the FFM, it gives surprising results, suggesting that the model\ncould be critical despite displaying broken scaling in the distribution of\ncluster sizes.",
        "positive": "Parallel Algorithm for Calculation of the Exact Partition Function of a\n  Lattice Polymer: We develop a parallel algorithm that calculates the exact partition function\nof a lattice polymer, by enumerating the number of conformations for each\nenergy level. An efficient parallelization of the calculation is achieved by\nclassifying the conformations according to the shape of the box spanned by a\nconformation, and enumerating only those in a given box at a time. The\ncalculation time for each box is reduced by preventing the conformations\nrelated by symmetries from being generated more than once. The algorithm is\napplied to study the collapse transition of a lattice homopolymer on a square\nlattice, by calculating the specific heat for chain lengths up to 36."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal critical behavior of the two-magnon-bound-state mass gap for\n  the (2+1)-dimensional Ising model: The two-magnon-bound-state mass gap m_2 for the two-dimensional quantum Ising\nmodel was investigated by means of the numerical diagonalization method; the\nlow-lying spectrum is directly accessible via the numerical diagonalization\nmethod. It has been claimed that the ratio m_2/m_1 (m_1: one-magnon mass gap)\nis a universal constant in the vicinity of the critical point. Aiming to\nsuppress corrections to scaling (lattice artifact), we consider the spin-S=1\nIsing model with finely-adjusted extended interactions. The simulation result\nfor the finite-size cluster with N \\le 20 spins indicates the mass-gap ratio\nm_2/m_1=1.84(1).",
        "positive": "Explicit demonstration of nonabelian anyon, braiding matrix and fusion\n  rules in the Kitaev-type spin honeycomb lattice models: The exact solubility of the Kitaev-type spin honeycomb lattice model was\nproved by means of a Majorana fermion representation or a Jordan-Wigner\ntransformation while the explicit form of the anyon in terms of Pauli matrices\nbecame not transparent. The nonabelian statistics of anyons and the fusion\nrules can only be expressed in indirect ways to Pauli matrices. We convert the\nground state and anyonic excitations back to the forms of Pauli matrices and\nexplicitly demonstrate the nonabelian anyonic statistics as well as the fusion\nrules. These results may instruct the experimental realization of the\nnonabelian anyons. We suggest a proof-in-principle experiment to verify the\nexistence of the nonabelian anyons in nature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hidden Order Beyond Hyperuniformity in Critical Absorbing States: Disordered hyperuniformity is a description of hidden correlations in point\ndistributions revealed by an anomalous suppression in fluctuations of local\ndensity at various coarse-graining length scales. In the absorbing phase of\nmodels exhibiting an active-absorbing state transition, this suppression\nextends up to a hyperuniform length scale that diverges at the critical point.\nHere, we demonstrate the existence of additional many-body correlations beyond\nhyperuniformity. These correlations are hidden in the higher moments of the\nprobability distribution of the local density, and extend up to a longer length\nscale with a faster divergence than the hyperuniform length on approaching the\ncritical point. Our results suggest that a hidden order beyond hyperuniformity\nmay generically be present in complex disordered systems.",
        "positive": "Relaxation Functions of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Process with Fluctuating\n  Diffusivity: We study a relaxation behavior of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process with a\ntime-dependent and fluctuating diffusivity. In this process, the dynamics of a\nposition vector is modeled by the Langevin equation with a linear restoring\nforce and a fluctuating diffusivity (FD). This process can be interpreted as a\nsimple model of the relaxational dynamics with internal degrees of freedom or\nin a heterogeneous environment. By utilizing the functional integral expression\nand the transfer matrix method, we show that the relaxation function can be\nexpressed in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the transfer\nmatrix, for general FD processes. We apply our general theory to two simple FD\nprocesses, where the FD is described by the Markovian two-state model or an OU\ntype process. We show analytic expressions of the relaxation functions in these\nmodels, and their asymptotic forms. We also show that the relaxation behavior\nof the OU process with an FD is qualitatively different from those obtained\nfrom conventional models such as the generalized Langevin equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Metastability associated with many-body explosion of eigenmode expansion\n  coefficients: Metastable states in stochastic systems are often characterized by the\npresence of small eigenvalues in the generator of the stochastic dynamics. We\nhere show that metastability in many-body systems is not necessarily associated\nwith small eigenvalues. Instead, many-body explosion of eigenmode expansion\ncoefficients characterizes slow relaxation, which is demonstrated for two\nmodels, interacting particles in a double-well potential and the\nFredrickson-Andersen model, the latter of which is a prototypical example of\nkinetically constrained models studied in glass and jamming transitions. Our\nresults provide new insights into slow relaxation and metastability in\nmany-body stochastic systems.",
        "positive": "Atomic-Molecular Condensates with Large Positive Scattering Length: We show that in the limit of large and positive atom--atom scattering length\nthe properties of an atomic--molecular Bose--Einstein Condensate (amBEC) are\ndetermined by an universal energy density functional (EDF). We find that the\noptimal conditions for the formation of a stable amBEC are in the regime where\nthere are no shallow trimers and the atom--dimer scattering length is negative\nand comparable in magnitude with the atom--atom scattering length. At\ntemperatures lower than $T_c$ the chemical potentials for the atoms and\nmolecules can be specified independently. Besides three--body recombinations\nprocesses into dimers of large size, inelastic processes involving the\nformation of deeply bound small size molecular states are possible. These\ninelastic processes do not lead to an efficient heating of the amBEC and can be\nused for its mostly non--destructive monitoring."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Counting Lattice Animals in High Dimensions: We present an implementation of Redelemeier's algorithm for the enumeration\nof lattice animals in high dimensional lattices. The implementation is lean and\nfast enough to allow us to extend the existing tables of animal counts,\nperimeter polynomials and series expansion coefficients in $d$-dimensional\nhypercubic lattices for $3 \\leq d\\leq 10$. From the data we compute formulas\nfor perimeter polynomials for lattice animals of size $n\\leq 11$ in arbitrary\ndimension $d$. When amended by combinatorial arguments, the new data suffices\nto yield explicit formulas for the number of lattice animals of size $n\\leq 14$\nand arbitrary $d$. We also use the enumeration data to compute numerical\nestimates for growth rates and exponents in high dimensions that agree very\nwell with Monte Carlo simulations and recent predictions from field theory.",
        "positive": "Vlasov dynamics of 1D models with long-range interactions: Gravitational and electrostatic interactions are fundamental examples of\nsystems with long-range interactions. Equilibrium properties of simple models\nwith long-range interactions are well understood and exhibit exotic behaviors :\nnegative specific heat and inequivalence of statistical ensembles for instance.\n  The understanding of the dynamical evolution in the case of long-range\ninteracting systems still represents a theoretical challenge. Phenomena such as\nout-of-equilibrium phase transitions or quasi-stationary states have been found\neven in simple models.\n  The purpose of the present thesis is to investigate the dynamical properties\nof systems with long-range interactions, specializing on one-dimensional\nmodels. The appropriate kinetic description for these systems is the Vlasov\nequation. A numerical simulation tool for the Vlasov equation is developed.\n  A detailed study of the out-of-equilibrium phase transition occuring in the\nFree-Electron Laser is performed and the transition is analyzed with the help\nof Lynden-Bell's theory.\n  Then, the presence of stretching and folding in phase space for the\nHamiltonian Mean-Field model is studied and quantified from the point of view\nof fluid dynamics. Finally, a system of uncoupled pendula for which the\nasymptotic states are similar to the ones of the Hamiltonian Mean-Field model\nis introduced. Its asymptotic evolution is predicted via both Lynden-Bell's\ntheory and an exact computation. This system displays a fast initial evolution\nsimilar to the violent relaxation found for interacting systems. Moreover, an\nout-of-equilibrium phase transition is found if one imposes a self-consistent\ncondition on the system.\n  In summary, the present thesis discusses original results related to the\noccurence of quasi-stationary states and out-of-equilibrium phase transitions\nin 1D models with long-range interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Particle Dynamics in a Mass-Conserving Coalescence Process: We consider a fully asymmetric one-dimensional model with mass-conserving\ncoalescence. Particles of unit mass enter at one edge of the chain and\ncoalescence while performing a biased random walk towards the other edge where\nthey exit. The conserved particle mass acts as a passive scalar in the reaction\nprocess $A+A\\to A$, and allows an exact mapping to a restricted ballistic\nsurface deposition model for which exact results exist. In particular, the\nmass- mass correlation function is exactly known. These results complement\nearlier exact results for the $A+A\\to A$ process without mass. We introduce a\ncomprehensive scaling theory for this process. The exact anaytical and\nnumerical results confirm its validity.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Optimal Control as Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics:\n  Calculus of Variations over Density and Current: In Stochastic Optimal Control (SOC) one minimizes the average cost-to-go,\nthat consists of the cost-of-control (amount of efforts), cost-of-space (where\none wants the system to be) and the target cost (where one wants the system to\narrive), for a system participating in forced and controlled Langevin dynamics.\nWe extend the SOC problem by introducing an additional cost-of-dynamics,\ncharacterized by a vector potential. We propose derivation of the generalized\ngauge-invariant Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation as a variation over density\nand current, suggest hydrodynamic interpretation and discuss examples, e.g.,\nergodic control of a particle-within-a-circle, illustrating non-equilibrium\nspace-time complexity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium distributions at finite noise intensities: We analyse the non-equilibrium distribution in dissipative dynamical systems\nat finite noise intensities. The effect of finite noise is described in terms\nof topological changes in the pattern of optimal paths. Theoretical predictions\nare in good agreement with the results of numerical solution of the\nFokker-Planck equation and Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Coupling between static friction force and torque for a tripod: If a body is resting on a flat surface, the maximal static friction force\nbefore motion sets in is reduced if an external torque is also applied. The\ncoupling between the static friction force and static friction torque is\nnontrivial as our studies for a tripod lying on horizontal flat surface show.\nIn this article we report on a series of experiments we performed on a tripod\nand compare these with analytical and numerical solutions. It turns out that\nthe coupling between force and torque reveals information about the microscopic\nproperties at the onset to sliding."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics of diffusion in fluctuating potentials: A positive rate of entropy production at steady state is a distinctive\nfeature of truly non-equilibrium processes. Exact results, while being often\nlimited to simple models, offer a unique opportunity to explore the\nthermodynamic features of these processes in full details. Here we derive\nanalytical results for the steady-state rate of entropy production in single\nparticle systems driven away from equilibrium by the fluctuations of an\nexternal potential of arbitrary shapes. Subsequently, we provide exact results\nfor a diffusive particle in a harmonic trap whose potential stiffness varies in\ntime according to both discrete and continuous Markov processes. In particular,\nstudying the case of a fully intermittent potential allows us to introduce an\neffective model of stochastic resetting for which it is possible to obtain\nfinite non-negative entropy production. Altogether, this work lays the\nfoundation for a non-equilibrium thermodynamic theory of fluctuating\npotentials, with immediate applications to stochastic resetting processes,\nfluctuations in optical traps and fluctuating interactions in living systems.",
        "positive": "Crossover from rotational to stochastic sandpile universality in the\n  random rotational sandpile model: In the rotational sandpile model, either the clockwise or the anti-clockwise\ntoppling rule is assigned to all the lattice sites. It has all the features of\na stochastic sandpile model but belongs to a different universality class than\nthe Manna class. A crossover from rotational to Manna universality class is\nstudied by constructing a random rotational sandpile model and assigning\nrandomly clockwise and anti-clockwise rotational toppling rules to the lattice\nsites. The steady state and the respective critical behaviour of the present\nmodel are found to have a strong and continuous dependence on the fraction of\nthe lattice sites having the anti-clockwise (or clockwise) rotational toppling\nrule. As the anti-clockwise and clockwise toppling rules exist in equal\nproportions, it is found that the model reproduces critical behaviour of the\nManna model. It is then further evidence of the existence of the Manna class,\nin contradiction with some recent observations of the non-existence of the\nManna class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mathematical Theory of the Wetting Phenomenon in the 2D Ising Model: We give a mathematical theory of the wetting phenomenon in the 2D Ising model\nusing the formalism of Gibbs states. We treat the grand canonical and canonical\nensembles.",
        "positive": "Dual Characterization of the Ornstein-Zernike Equation in Moment Space: The molecular density functional theory of fluids provides an exact theory\nfor computing solvation free energies in implicit solvents. One of the reasons\nit has not received nearly as much attention as quantum density functional\ntheory for implicit electron densities is the paucity of basis set expansions\nfor this theory. This work constructs a minimal Hilbert space version of the\nOrnstein-Zernike theory over the complete spatial, rotational, and internal\nconformational space that leaves the choice of basis open. The basis is minimal\nin the sense that it is isomorphic to a choice of molecular property space\n(i.e. moments of the distribution), and does not require auxiliary grids. This\ncan be exploited, since there are usually only a few `important' properties for\ndetermining the structure and energetics of a molecular fluid. Two novel basis\nexpansions are provided which emphasize either the multipolar expansion (most\nuseful for flexible molecules) or the rotational distribution (most useful for\nrigid bodies described using quaternions). The perspective of this work shows\nthat radial truncation of the Bessel series over translation space determines\nan analytical extrapolation of these functions to the origin in reciprocal\nspace. We provide a new density functional theory that naturally fits the\nmoment-based, matrix approach. Three diverse applications are presented:\nrelating the present approach to traditional rotational invariants,\ndemonstrating the stability of convex optimization on the density functional,\nand finding analytical expression for dispersion contributions to the solvation\nfree energies of point polarizable dipoles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modeling one-dimensional island growth with mass-dependent detachment\n  rates: We study one-dimensional models of particle diffusion and\nattachment/detachment from islands where the detachment rates gamma(m) of\nparticles at the cluster edges increase with cluster mass m. They are expected\nto mimic the effects of lattice mismatch with the substrate and/or long-range\nrepulsive interactions that work against the formation of long islands.\nShort-range attraction is represented by an overall factor epsilon<<1 in the\ndetachment rates relatively to isolated particle hopping rates [epsilon ~\nexp(-E/T), with binding energy E and temperature T]. We consider various\ngamma(m), from rapidly increasing forms such as gamma(m) ~ m to slowly\nincreasing ones, such as gamma(m) ~ [m/(m+1)]^b. A mapping onto a column\nproblem shows that these systems are zero-range processes, whose steady states\nproperties are exactly calculated under the assumption of independent column\nheights in the Master equation. Simulation provides island size distributions\nwhich confirm analytic reductions and are useful whenever the analytical tools\ncannot provide results in closed form. The shape of island size distributions\ncan be changed from monomodal to monotonically decreasing by tuning the\ntemperature or changing the particle density rho. Small values of the scaling\nvariable X=epsilon^{-1}rho/(1-rho) favour the monotonically decreasing ones.\nHowever, for large X, rapidly increasing gamma(m) lead to distributions with\npeaks very close to <m> and rapidly decreasing tails, while slowly increasing\ngamma(m) provide peaks close to <m>/2$ and fat right tails.",
        "positive": "Signatures of Superfluidity in Dilute Fermi Gases near a Feshbach\n  Resonance: We present a brief account of the most salient properties of vortices in\ndilute atomic Fermi superfluids near a Feshbach resonance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Clausius Implies That Nearly Anything Can Be A Thermometer: There are three types of thermometries. One is a proxy, such as the purely\nphenomenological resistivity. More fundamental are those based on\nthermodynamics, as in the Carnot cycle, and those based on statistical\nmechanics, such as the ideal gas law. With heat flow $Q$ and temperature $T$, a\ntemperature scale in principle (but not in practice) can be based on the simple\nCarnot cycle relation $Q/T+Q'/T'=0$, with a temperature $T_{0}(p_{0},V_{0})$\nspecified. More generally, a thermodynamics based temperature scale may be\ndetermined by the Clausius condition $\\oint dQ/T=0$ for every closed path in a\ngiven region $\\Omega$ of $p$-$V$ space. Taking a discretized grid $i$ (from\nwhich such closed paths can be composed), for some parametrized model\ntemperature function $T_{n}$ a root-mean-square minimization of\n$\\sum_{i}(\\oint_{i}dQ/T_{n})^{2}$ yields the best set of model $T_{n}$'s\nparameters. Thus any stable material -- even one not described by a known\nstatistical mechanical model -- can be used as a thermometer. If, because of\ninaccuracy of $dQ$ measurement, the Clausius condition method gives a\ntemperature scale of lower accuracy than the best proxy temperature scale, then\nthat proxy temperature scale can be employed with the rms Clausius condition\nmethod to improve the accuracy of (i.e., raise the standards for) the $dQ$\nmeasurements to the accuracy of the proxy-based temperature scale.",
        "positive": "Steady self-diffusion in classical gases: A steady self-diffusion process in a gas of hard spheres at equilibrium is\nanalyzed. The system exhibits a constant gradient of labeled particles. Neither\nthe concentration of these particles nor its gradient are assumed to be small.\nIt is shown that the Boltzmann-Enskog kinetic equation has an exact solution\ndescribing the state. The hydrodynamic transport equation for the density of\nlabeled particles is derived, with an explicit expression for the involved\nself-diffusion transport coefficient. Also an approximated expression for the\none-particle distribution function is obtained. The system does not exhibit any\nkind of rheological effects. The theoretical predictions are compared with\nnumerical simulations using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method and a\nquite good agreement is found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional Brownian motion in superharmonic potentials and non-Boltzmann\n  stationary distributions: We study the stochastic motion of particles driven by long-range correlated\nfractional Gaussian noise in a superharmonic external potential of the form\n$U(x)\\propto x^{2n}$ ($n\\in\\mathbb{N}$). When the noise is considered to be\nexternal, the resulting overdamped motion is described by the non-Markovian\nLangevin equation for fractional Brownian motion. For this case we show the\nexistence of long time, stationary probability density functions (PDFs) the\nshape of which strongly deviates from the naively expected Boltzmann PDF in the\nconfining potential $U(x)$. We analyse in detail the temporal approach to\nstationarity as well as the shape of the non-Boltzmann stationary PDF. A\ntypical characteristic is that subdiffusive, antipersistent (with negative\nautocorrelation) motion tends to effect an accumulation of probability close to\nthe origin as compared to the corresponding Boltzmann distribution while the\nopposite trend occurs for superdiffusive (persistent) motion. For this latter\ncase this leads to distinct bimodal shapes of the PDF. This property is\ncompared to a similar phenomenon observed for Markovian L{\\'e}vy flights in\nsuperharmonic potentials. We also demonstrate that the motion encoded in the\nfractional Langevin equation driven by fractional Gaussian noise always relaxes\nto the Boltzmann distribution, as in this case the fluctuation-dissipation\ntheorem is fulfilled.",
        "positive": "Corrections to scaling in the 3D Ising model: a comparison between MC\n  and MCRG results: Corrections to scaling in the 3D Ising model are studied based on Monte Carlo\n(MC) simulation results for very large lattices with linear lattice sizes up to\nL=3456. Our estimated values of the correction-to-scaling exponent omega tend\nto decrease below the usually accepted value about 0.83 when the smallest\nlattice sizes are discarded from the fits. This behavior apparently confirms\nsome of the known estimates of the Monte Carlo renormalization group (MCRG)\nmethod, i.e., omega about 0.7 and omega = 0.75(5). We discuss the possibilities\nthat omega is either really smaller than usually expected or these values of\nomega describe some transient behavior. We propose refining MCRG simulations\nand analysis to resolve this issue. In distinction from omega, our actual MC\nestimations of the critical exponents eta and nu provide stable values\neta=0.03632(13) and nu=0.63017(31), which well agree with those of the\nconformal bootstrap method, i.e., eta=0.0362978(20) and nu=0.6299709(40)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "General no-go condition for stochastic pumping: The control of chemical dynamics requires understanding the effect of\ntime-dependent transition rates between states of chemo-mechanical molecular\nconfigurations. Pumping refers to generating a net current, e.g. per period in\nthe time-dependence, through a cycle of consecutive states. The working of\nartificial machines or synthesized molecular motors depends on it. In this\npaper we give short and simple proofs of no-go theorems, some of which appeared\nbefore but here with essential extensions to non-Markovian dynamics, including\nthe study of the diffusion limit. It allows to exclude certain protocols in the\nworking of chemical motors where only the depth of the energy well is changed\nin time and not the barrier height between pairs of states. We also show how\npre-existing steady state currents are in general modified with a\nmultiplicative factor when this time-dependence is turned on.",
        "positive": "Domain wall fluctuations of the six-vertex model at the ice point: We report on Monte-Carlo simulations of the six-vertex model with domain wall\nboundary conditions. In thermal equilibrium such boundary conditions force a\nfluctuating line separating the disordered region from the perfectly ordered\nones. Specifically we study the ice point at which all vertex weights are\nequal. With high precision the one-point fluctuations of the line are confirmed\nto be of order $N^{1/3}$ and governed by the Tracy-Widom distribution.\nFurthermore, the non-universal scaling coefficients are computed for a wide\nrange of interaction strengths. A draft of this paper was completed in January\n2019. We improved the presentation and updated references."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Across Dimensions: Two- and Three-Dimensional Phase Transitions from the\n  Iterative Renormalization-Group Theory of Chains: Sharp two- and three-dimensional phase transitional magnetization curves are\nobtained by an iterative renormalization-group coupling of Ising chains, which\nare solved exactly. The chains by themselves do not have a phase transition or\nnon-zero magnetization, but the method reflects crossover from temperature-like\nto field-like renormalization-group flows as the mechanism for the\nhigher-dimensional phase transitions. The magnetization of each chain acts, via\nthe interaction constant, as a magnetic field on its neighboring chains, thus\nentering its renormalization-group calculation. The method is highly flexible\nfor wide application.",
        "positive": "Quantum Correlations in Field Theory and Integrable Systems: In this PhD thesis we investigate some properties of one-dimensional quantum\nsystems, focusing on two important aspects of integrable models: Their\nentanglement properties at equilibrium and their dynamical correlators after a\nquantum quench. The first part of the thesis will therefore be devoted to the\nstudy of the entanglement entropy in one-dimensional integrable systems, with a\nspecial focus on the XYZ spin-1/2 chain, which, in addition to being\nintegrable, is also an interacting theory with non perturbative solutions. We\nderive its bipartite Renyi entropies in the thermodynamic limit and its\nbehaviour in different phases and for different values of the mass-gap is\nanalysed, both analytically and numerically. In particular it is worth\nmentioning that the numerical analysis of the entropies of the XYZ model\npresented in this dissertation has never been published in literature. In the\nsecond part of the thesis we study the dynamics of correlators after a quantum\nquench, preparing the system in a squeezed coherent initial state. The emphasis\nwill be on the Transverse Field Ising Chain and the O(3) non-linear sigma\nmodel, the latter studied by means of the semi-classical theory, the former by\na form-factor approach. Moreover in the last chapter we outline a general\nresult about the dynamics of correlation functions of local observables after a\nquantum quench. In particular we show that if there are not long-range\ninteractions in the final Hamiltonian, then the dynamics of the model at long\ntimes (non equal- time correlations) is described by the same statistical\nensemble that describes its statical properties (equal-time correlations). For\nthe Transverse Field Ising Chain this result means that its dynamics is\ndescribed by a Generalized Gibbs Ensemble."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Test of renormalization predictions for universal finite-size scaling\n  functions: We calculate universal finite-size scaling functions for systems with an\nn-component order parameter and algebraically decaying interactions. Just as\npreviously has been found for short-range interactions, this leads to a\nsingular epsilon-expansion, where epsilon is the distance to the upper critical\ndimension. Subsequently, we check the results by numerical simulations of spin\nmodels in the same universality class. Our systems offer the essential\nadvantage that epsilon can be varied continuously, allowing an accurate\nexamination of the region where epsilon is small. The numerical calculations\nturn out to be in striking disagreement with the predicted singularity.",
        "positive": "Semi-classical theory for quantum quenches in finite transverse Ising\n  chains: We present a quantitative semi-classical theory for the non-equilibrium\ndynamics of transverse Ising chains after quantum quenches, in particular\nsudden changes of the transverse field strength. We obtain accurate predictions\nfor the quench dependent relaxation times and correlation lengths, and also\nabout the recurrence times and quasiperiodicity of time dependent correlations\nin finite systems with open or periodic boundary conditions. We compare the\nquantiative predictions of our semi-classical theory (local magnetization,\nequal time bulk-bulk and surface-to-bulk correlations, and bulk\nautocorrelations) with the results from exact free fermion calculations and\ndiscuss the range of applicability of the semi-classical theory and possible\ngeneraliztaions and extensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Euclidean operator growth and quantum chaos: We consider growth of local operators under Euclidean time evolution in\nlattice systems with local interactions. We derive rigorous bounds on the\noperator norm growth and then proceed to establish an analog of the\nLieb-Robinson bound for the spatial growth. In contrast to the Minkowski case\nwhen ballistic spreading of operators is universal, in the Euclidean case\nspatial growth is system-dependent and indicates if the system is integrable or\nchaotic. In the integrable case, the Euclidean spatial growth is at most\npolynomial. In the chaotic case, it is the fastest possible: exponential in 1D,\nwhile in higher dimensions and on Bethe lattices local operators can reach\nspatial infinity in finite Euclidean time. We use bounds on the Euclidean\ngrowth to establish constraints on individual matrix elements and operator\npower spectrum. We show that one-dimensional systems are special with the power\nspectrum always being superexponentially suppressed at large frequencies.\nFinally, we relate the bound on the Euclidean growth to the bound on the growth\nof Lanczos coefficients. To that end, we develop a path integral formalism for\nthe weighted Dyck paths and evaluate it using saddle point approximation. Using\na conjectural connection between the growth of the Lanczos coefficients and the\nLyapunov exponent controlling the growth of OTOCs, we propose an improved bound\non chaos valid at all temperatures.",
        "positive": "Self-organization in nonadditive systems with external noise: A nonadditive generalization of Klimontovich's S-theorem [G. B. Bagci, Int.J.\nMod. Phys. B 22, 3381 (2008)] has recently been obtained by employing Tsallis\nentropy. This general version allows one to study physical systems whose\nstationary distributions are of the inverse power law in contrast to the\noriginal S-theorem, which only allows exponential stationary distributions. The\nnonadditive S-theorem has been applied to the modified Van der Pol oscillator\nwith inverse power law stationary distribution. By using nonadditive S-theorem,\nit is shown that the entropy decreases as the system is driven out of\nequilibrium, indicating self-organization in the system. The allowed values of\nthe nonadditivity index $q$ are found to be confined to the regime (0.5,1]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymmetry of steady state current fluctuations in nonequilibrium systems: For systems in nonequilibrium steady states, a novel modulated Gaussian\nprobability distribution is derived to incorporate a new phenomenon of biased\ncurrent fluctuations, discovered by recent laboratory experiments and confirmed\nby molecular dynamics simulations. Our results consistently extend\nOnsager-Machlup fluctuation theory for systems in thermal equilibrium.\nConnections with the principles of Statistical Mechanics due to Boltzmann and\nGibbs are discussed. At last, the modulated Gaussian distribution is of\npotential interest for other statistical disciplines, which make use of the\nLarge Deviation theory.",
        "positive": "Weakly nonlocal nonequilibrium thermodynamics: the Cahn-Hilliard\n  equation: The Cahn-Hilliard and Ginzburg-Landau (Allen-Cahn) equations are derived from\nthe second law. The intuitive approach by separation of full divergences is\nsupported by a more rigorous method, based on Liu procedure and a constitutive\nentropy flux. Thermodynamic considerations eliminate the necessity of\nvariational techniques and explain the role of functional derivatives."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Explanation of Observed Features of Self-Organization in Traffic Flow: Based on simulations with the ``intelligent driver model'', a microscopic\ntraffic model, we explain the recently discovered transition from free over\n``synchronized'' traffic to stop-and-go patterns [B. S. Kerner, Phys. Rev.\nLett. 81, 3797 (1998)]. We obtain a nearly quantitative agreement with\nempirical findings such as the ``pinch effect'', the flow-density diagram, the\nemergence of stop-and-go waves from nonhomogeneous congested traffic, and the\ndimensions of their wavelength.",
        "positive": "Exact asymmetric Skyrmion in anisotropic ferromagnet and its\n  helimagnetic application: Topological Skyrmions as intricate spin textures were observed experimentally\nin helimagnets on 2d plane. Theoretical foundation of such solitonic states to\nappear in pure ferromagnetic model, as exact solutions expressed through any\nanalytic function, was made long ago by Belavin and Polyakov (BP). We propose\nan innovative generalization of the BP solution for an anisotropic ferromagnet,\nbased on a physically motivated geometric (in-)equality, which takes the exact\nSkyrmion to a new class of functions beyond analyticity. The possibility of\nstabilizing such metastable states in helimagnets is discussed with the\nconstruction of individual Skyrmion and Skyrmion crystal with asymmetry, likely\nto be detected in precision experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Explosive percolation in graphs: Percolation is perhaps the simplest example of a process exhibiting a phase\ntransition and one of the most studied phenomena in statistical physics. The\npercolation transition is continuous if sites/bonds are occupied independently\nwith the same probability. However, alternative rules for the occupation of\nsites/bonds might affect the order of the transition. A recent set of rules\nproposed by Achlioptas et al. [Science 323, 1453 (2009)], characterized by\ncompetitive link addition, was claimed to lead to a discontinuous connectedness\ntransition, named \"explosive percolation\". In this work we survey a numerical\nstudy of the explosive percolation transition on various types of graphs, from\nlattices to scale-free networks, and show the consistency of these results with\nrecent analytical work showing that the transition is actually continuous.",
        "positive": "Diffusion of a Brownian ellipsoid in a force field: We calculate the effective long-term convective velocity and dispersive\nmotion of an ellipsoidal Brownian particle in three dimensions when it is\nsubjected to a constant external force. This long-term motion results as a\n\"net\" average behavior from the particle rotation and translation on short time\nscales. Accordingly, we apply a systematic multi-scale technique to derive the\neffective equations of motion valid on long times. We verify our theoretical\nresults by comparing them to numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation correction to the ground state energy density of a dilute\n  Bose gas in the functional Schr\u00f6dinger picture: A dilute Bose gas system is studied using the functional Schr\\\"{o}dinger\npicture theory. The ground state properties are obtained by solving the\ninfinite dimensional Schr\\\"{o}dinger equation variationally. It is shown that a\nshifted Gaussian trial wavefunctional enables us to calculate a higher order\ncorrection, which corresponds to the fluctuation contribution from the\ncondensate. The obtained term is compared with the quantum correction arising\nfrom the low energy $3 \\to 3$ scattering.",
        "positive": "Transfer Matrices for the Zero-Temperature Potts Antiferromagnet on\n  Cyclic and Mobius Lattice Strips: We present transfer matrices for the zero-temperature partition function of\nthe $q$-state Potts antiferromagnet (equivalently, the chromatic polynomial) on\ncyclic and M\\\"obius strips of the square, triangular, and honeycomb lattices of\nwidth $L_y$ and arbitrarily great length $L_x$. We relate these results to our\nearlier exact solutions for square-lattice strips with $L_y=3,4,5$,\ntriangular-lattice strips with $L_y=2,3,4$, and honeycomb-lattice strips with\n$L_y=2,3$ and periodic or twisted periodic boundary conditions. We give a\ngeneral expression for the chromatic polynomial of a M\\\"obius strip of a\nlattice $\\Lambda$ and exact results for a subset of honeycomb-lattice transfer\nmatrices, both of which are valid for arbitrary strip width $L_y$. New results\nare presented for the $L_y=5$ strip of the triangular lattice and the $L_y=4$\nand $L_y=5$ strips of the honeycomb lattice. Using these results and taking the\ninfinite-length limit $L_x \\to \\infty$, we determine the continuous\naccumulation locus of the zeros of the above partition function in the complex\n$q$ plane, including the maximal real point of nonanalyticity of the degeneracy\nper site, $W$ as a function of $q$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion of Earthquake Aftershock Epicenters, Omori's Law and\n  Generalized Continuous-Time Random Walk Models: The epidemic-type aftershock sequence model (ETAS) is a simple stochastic\nprocess modeling seismicity, based on the two best-established empirical laws,\nthe Omori law (power law decay ~1/t^{1+\\theta} of seismicity after an\nearthquake) and Gutenberg-Richter law (power law distribution of earthquake\nenergies). In order to describe also the space distribution of seismicity, we\nuse in addition a power law distribution ~1/r^{1+\\mu} of distances between\ntriggered and triggering earthquakes. We present an exact mapping between the\nETAS model and a class of CTRW (continuous time random walk) models, based on\nthe identification of their corresponding Master equations. This mapping allows\nus to use the wealth of results previously obtained on anomalous diffusion of\nCTRW. We provide a classification of the different regimes of diffusion of\nseismic activity triggered by a mainshock. Specifically, we derive the relation\nbetween the average distance between aftershocks and the mainshock as a\nfunction of the time from the mainshock and of the joint probability\ndistribution of the times and locations of the aftershocks. Our predictions are\nchecked by careful numerical simulations. We stress the distinction between the\n``bare'' Omori law describing the seismic rate activated directly by a\nmainshock and the ``renormalized'' Omori law taking into account all possible\ncascades from mainshocks to aftershocks of aftershock of aftershock, and so on.\nIn particular, we predict that seismic diffusion or sub-diffusion occurs and\nshould be observable only when the observed Omori exponent is less than 1,\nbecause this signals the operation of the renormalization of the bare Omori\nlaw, also at the origin of seismic diffusion in the ETAS model.",
        "positive": "Active spanning trees and Schramm-Loewner evolution: We consider the Peano curve separating a spanning tree from its dual spanning\ntree on an embedded planar graph, where the tree and dual tree are weighted by\n$y$ to the number of active edges, and \"active\" is in the sense of the Tutte\npolynomial. When the graph is a portion of the square grid approximating a\nsimply connected domain, it is known ($y=1$ and $y=1+\\sqrt{2}$) or believed\n($1<y<3$) that the Peano curve converges to a space-filling SLE$_{\\kappa}$\nloop, where $y=1-2\\cos(4\\pi/\\kappa)$, corresponding to $4<\\kappa\\leq 8$. We\nargue that the same should hold for $0\\le y<1$, which corresponds to\n$8<\\kappa\\leq 12$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long time scaling behaviour for diffusion with resetting and memory: We consider a continuous-space and continuous-time diffusion process under\nresetting with memory. A particle resets to a position chosen from its\ntrajectory in the past according to a memory kernel. Depending on the form of\nthe memory kernel, we show analytically how different asymptotic behaviours of\nthe variance of the particle position emerge at long times. These range from\nstandard diffusive ($\\sigma^2 \\sim t$) all the way to anomalous ultraslow\ngrowth $\\sigma^2 \\sim \\ln \\ln t$.",
        "positive": "Driven particle in a cloud of mobile impurities: The dynamics of a test particle interacting with diffusing impurities in one\ndimension is investigated analytically and numerically. In the absence of an\napplied external force, the dynamics of the particle can be characterized by a\ndistribution of monotonic excursions $\\Delta x$, which scales as a power law\nwith an exponent $\\tau_{\\Delta x} = 4/3$. When the particle is driven at a slow\nconstant velocity, there is again a power law distribution for the monotonic\nchanges of the force $\\Delta F$, which is characterized by a similar exponent\n$\\tau_{\\Delta F}=4/3$. These results can be understood from the theory of\nrandom walks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations of sintering: We simulate the sintering of particle aggregates due to surface diffusion. As\na method we use Kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations in which elasticity can\nexplicitly be taken into account. Therefore it is possible to investigate the\nshape relaxation of aggregates also under the influence of an external\npressure. Without elasticity we investigate the relaxation time and surface\nevolution of sintering aggregates and compare the simulations with the\nclassical Koch-Friedlander theory. Deviations from the theoretical predictions\nwill be discussed.",
        "positive": "Thermo-statistical description of gas mixtures from space partitions: The new mathematical framework based on the free energy of pure classical\nfluids presented in [R. D. Rohrmann, Physica A 347, 221 (2005)] is extended to\nmulti-component systems to determine thermodynamic and structural properties of\nchemically complex fluids. Presently, the theory focuses on $D$-dimensional\nmixtures in the low-density limit (packing factor $\\eta < 0.01$). The formalism\ncombines the free-energy minimization technique with space partitions that\nassign an available volume $v$ to each particle. $v$ is related to the\ncloseness of the nearest neighbor and provides an useful tool to evaluate the\nperturbations experimented by particles in a fluid. The theory shows a close\nrelationship between statistical geometry and statistical mechanics. New,\nunconventional thermodynamic variables and mathematical identities are derived\nas a result of the space division. Thermodynamic potentials $\\mu_{il}$,\nconjugate variable of the populations $N_{il}$ of particles class $i$ with the\nnearest neighbors of class $l$ are defined and their relationships with the\nusual chemical potentials $\\mu_i$ are established. Systems of hard spheres are\ntreated as illustrative examples and their thermodynamics functions are derived\nanalytically. The low-density expressions obtained agree nicely with those of\nscaled-particle theory and Percus-Yevick approximation. Several pair\ndistribution functions are introduced and evaluated. Analytical expressions are\nalso presented for hard spheres with attractive forces due to K\\^ac-tails and\nsquare-well potentials. Finally, we derive general chemical equilibrium\nconditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Selected applications of typicality to real-time dynamics of quantum\n  many-body systems: Loosely speaking, the concept of quantum typicality refers to the fact that a\nsingle pure state can imitate the full statistical ensemble. This fact has\ngiven rise to a rather simple but remarkably useful numerical approach to\nsimulate the dynamics of quantum many-body systems, called dynamical quantum\ntypicality (DQT). In this paper, we give a brief overview of selected\napplications of DQT, where particular emphasis is given to questions on\ntransport and thermalization in low-dimensional lattice systems like chains or\nladders of interacting spins or fermions. For these systems, we discuss that\nDQT provides an efficient means to obtain time-dependent equilibrium\ncorrelation functions for comparatively large Hilbert-space dimensions and long\ntime scales, allowing the quantitative extraction of transport coefficients\nwithin the framework of, e.g., linear response theory. Furthermore, it is\ndiscussed that DQT can also be used to study the far-from-equilibrium dynamics\nresulting from sudden quench scenarios, where the initial state is a thermal\nGibbs state of the pre-quench Hamiltonian. Eventually, we summarize a few\ncombinations of DQT with other approaches such as numerical linked cluster\nexpansions or projection operator techniques. In this way, we demonstrate the\nversatility of DQT.",
        "positive": "Percolation analysis of force networks in anisotropic granular matter: We study the percolation properties of force networks in an anisotropic model\nfor granular packings, the so-called q-model. Following the original recipe of\nOstojic et al. [Nature 439, 828 (2006)], we consider a percolation process in\nwhich forces smaller than a given threshold f are deleted in the network. For a\ncritical threshold f_c, the system experiences a transition akin to\npercolation. We determine the point of this transition and its characteristic\ncritical exponents applying a finite-size scaling analysis that takes\nexplicitly into account the directed nature of the q-model. By means of\nextensive numerical simulations, we show that this percolation transition is\nstrongly affected by the anisotropic nature of the model, yielding\ncharacteristic exponents which are neither those found in isotropic granular\nsystems nor those in the directed version of standard percolation. The\ndifferences shown by the computed exponents can be related to the presence of\nstrong directed correlations and mass conservation laws in the model under\nscrutiny."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Three detailed fluctuation theorems: The total entropy production of a trajectory can be split into an adiabatic\nand a non-adiabatic contribution, deriving respectively from the breaking of\ndetailed balance via nonequilibrium boundary conditions or by external driving.\nWe show that each of them, the total, the adiabatic and the non-adiabatic\ntrajectory entropy, separately satisfies a detailed fluctuation theorem.",
        "positive": "Hopf bifurcation in addition-shattering kinetics: In aggregation-fragmentation processes, a steady state is usually reached in\nthe long time limit. This indicates the existence of a fixed point in the\nunderlying system of ordinary differential equations. The next simplest\npossibility is an asymptotically periodic motion. Never-ending oscillations\nhave not been rigorously established so far, although oscillations have been\nrecently numerically detected in a few systems. For a class of\naddition-shattering processes, we provide convincing numerical evidence for\nnever-ending oscillations in a certain region $\\mathcal{U}$ of the parameter\nspace. The processes which we investigate admit a fixed point that becomes\nunstable when parameters belong to $\\mathcal{U}$ and never-ending oscillations\neffectively emerge through a Hopf bifurcation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A random fiber bundle with many discontinuities in the threshold\n  distribution: We study the breakdown of a random fiber bundle model (RFBM) with\n$n$-discontinuities in the threshold distribution using the global load sharing\nscheme. In other words, $n+1$ different classes of fibers identified on the\nbasis of their threshold strengths are mixed such that the strengths of the\nfibers in the $i-th$ class are uniformly distributed between the values\n$\\sigma_{2i-2}$ and $\\sigma_{2i-1}$ where $1 \\leq i \\leq n+1$. Moreover, there\nis a gap in the threshold distribution between $i-th$ and $i+1-th$ class. We\nshow that although the critical stress depends on the parameter values of the\nsystem, the critical exponents are identical to that obtained in the recursive\ndynamics of a RFBM with a uniform distribution and global load sharing. The\navalanche size distribution (ASD), on the other hand, shows a non-universal,\nnon-power law behavior for smaller values of avalanche sizes which becomes\nprominent only when a critical distribution is approached. We establish that\nthe behavior of the avalanche size distribution for an arbitrary $n$ is\nqualitatively similar to a RFBM with a single discontinuity in the threshold\ndistribution ($n=1$), especially when the density and the range of threshold\nvalues of fibers belonging to strongest ($n+1$)-th class is kept identical in\nall the cases.",
        "positive": "Exchange-driven Collective Behavior in a 3D Array of Nanoparticles: A Monte Carlo simulation is performed in a cubic lattice of interacting\nidentical Stoner-Woldfarth nanoparticles. The model system is a\nrandomly-anisotropic Heisenberg spin system with a small anisotropy-to-exchange\nratio D/J = 3.5. The dc susceptibility, chi(dc)(T), shows a Curie-Weiss-like\ntransition at a temperature T-C/J approximate to 1.5, followed by a\nlow-temperature glassy behavior manifested by cusps in both the\nzero-field-cooled and the field-cooled curves. The ac susceptibility, chi(ac)\n(T, omega), at various frequencies, w, shows that with decreasing temperature,\na non-Arrhenius dispersive peak occurs at T-b(omega), succeeded by another\ndispersionless peak at T-g/J approximate to 1.20 in the in-phase part, chi'(T,\nomega), of chi (T, omega) while the out-of-phase part, chi '' (T, omega), shows\nonly one peak. A dynamic scaling analysis shows that the system exhibits a\ncritical slowing-down at T-g with a quite small exponent zv approximate to\n1.65. However, no universal collapse is seen for the fully-scaled data of chi\n'' (T, omega). These observed behaviors are interpreted under the droplet-like\nhypothesis that the formation and development of exchange-induced correlated\nclusters drive ensembles of nanoparticles undergoing a transition from a\nparamagnetic order to a short-range order (SRO) at T-C, followed by a\ntransition at T-g to the magnetic state in which a magnetic glassy order and a\nmagnetic quasi-long-range order (QLRO) coexist. In addition, our simulation\nshows that the onset of the latter transition, which is peculiarly manifested\nby the dispersionless peak, occurs only for those ensembles possessing the\nanisotropy strength in the region 1.0 <= D/J <= 5.0....."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Attraction of like-charged walls with counterions only: Exact results\n  for the 2D cylinder geometry: We study a 2D system of identical mobile particles on the surface of a\ncylinder of finite length $d$ and circumference $W$, immersed in a medium of\ndielectric constant $\\varepsilon$. The two end-circles of the cylinder are\nlike-charged with the fixed uniform charge densities, the particles of opposite\ncharge $-e$ ($e$ being the elementary charge) are coined as ``counterions'';\nthe system as a whole is electroneutral. Such a geometry is well defined also\nfor finite numbers of counterions $N$. Our task is to derive an effective\ninteraction between the end-circles mediated by the counterions in thermal\nequilibrium at the inverse temperature $\\beta$. The exact solution of the\nsystem at the free-fermion coupling $\\Gamma \\equiv \\beta e^2/\\varepsilon =2$ is\nused to test the convergence of the pressure as the (even) number of particles\nincreases from $N=2$ to $\\infty$. The pressure as a function of distance $d$ is\nalways positive (effective repulsion between the like-charged circles),\ndecaying monotonously; the numerical results for $N=8$ counterions are very\nclose to those in the thermodynamic limit $N\\to\\infty$. For the couplings\n$\\Gamma=2\\gamma$ with $\\gamma=1,2,\\ldots$, there exists a mapping of the\ncontinuous two-dimensional (2D) Coulomb system with $N$ particles onto the\none-dimensional (1D) lattice model of $N$ sites with interacting sets of\nanticommuting variables. This allows one to treat exactly the density profile,\ntwo-body density and the pressure for the couplings $\\Gamma=4$ and $6$, up to\n$N=8$ particles. Our main finding is that the pressure becomes negative at\nlarge enough distances $d$ if and only if both like-charged walls carry a\nnonzero charge density. This indicates a like-attraction in the thermodynamic\nlimit $N\\to\\infty$ as well, starting from a relatively weak coupling constant\n$\\Gamma$ in between 2 and 4.",
        "positive": "Hierarchy of boundary driven phase transitions in multi-species particle\n  systems: Interacting systems with $K$ driven particle species on a open chain or\nchains which are coupled at the ends to boundary reservoirs with fixed particle\ndensities are considered. We classify discontinuous and continuous phase\ntransitions which are driven by adiabatic change of boundary conditions. We\nbuild minimal paths along which any given boundary driven phase transition\n(BDPT) is observed and reveal kinetic mechanisms governing these transitions.\nCombining minimal paths, we can drive the system from a stationary state with\nall positive characteristic speeds to a state with all negative characteristic\nspeeds, by means of adiabatic changes of the boundary conditions. We show that\nalong such composite paths one generically encounters $Z$ discontinuous and\n$2(K-Z)$ continuous BDPTs with $Z$ taking values $0\\leq Z\\leq K$ depending on\nthe path. As model examples we consider solvable exclusion processes with\nproduct measure states and $K=1,2,3$ particle species and a non-solvable\ntwo-way traffic model. Our findings are confirmed by numerical integration of\nhydrodynamic limit equations and by Monte Carlo simulations. Results extend\nstraightforwardly to a wide class of driven diffusive systems with several\nconserved particle species."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of DNA-RNA renaturation: We consider a new model which consists of a DNA together with a RNA. Here we\nassume that DNA is from a mammal or bird but RNA comes from a virus. To study\nthermodynamic properties of this model we use methods of statistical mechanics,\nnamely, the theory of Gibbs measures. We use these measures to describe phases\n(states) of the DNA-RNA system. Using a Markov chain (corresponding to Gibbs\nmeasure) we give conditions (on temperature) of DNA-RNA renaturation.",
        "positive": "Uncertainty relations in stochastic processes: An information inequality\n  approach: The thermodynamic uncertainty relation is an inequality stating that it is\nimpossible to attain higher precision than the bound defined by entropy\nproduction. In statistical inference theory, information inequalities assert\nthat it is infeasible for any estimator to achieve an error smaller than the\nprescribed bound. Inspired by the similarity between the thermodynamic\nuncertainty relation and the information inequalities, we apply the latter to\nsystems described by Langevin equations and derive the bound for the\nfluctuation of thermodynamic quantities. When applying the Cram\\'er-Rao\ninequality, the obtained inequality reduces to the fluctuation-response\ninequality. We find that the thermodynamic uncertainty relation is a particular\ncase of the Cram\\'er-Rao inequality, in which the Fisher information is the\ntotal entropy production. Using the equality condition of the Cram\\'er-Rao\ninequality, we find that the stochastic total entropy production is the only\nquantity which can attain equality in the thermodynamic uncertainty relation.\nFurthermore, we apply the Chapman-Robbins inequality and obtain a relation for\nthe lower bound of the ratio between the variance and the sensitivity of\nsystems in response to arbitrary perturbations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat conduction in one-dimensional lattice dynamical systems far from\n  equilibrium: We study heat conduction in one dimensional lattice dynamical systems far\nfrom equilibrium. The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam model and the $\\phi^4$ model are\nnumerically compared to elucidate differences between momentum-conserving and\nnonconserving systems. As a results, it is found that the heat flux in the\n$\\phi^4$ model does not increase monotonically as the temperature differences\nat the ends of the lattice is increased, while it does in the FPU chain.",
        "positive": "On the discreet spectrum of fractional quantum hydrogen atom in two\n  dimensions: We consider a fractional generalization of two-dimensional (2D)\nquantum-mechanical Kepler problem corresponding to 2D hydrogen atom. Our main\nfinding is that the solution for discreet spectrum exists only for $\\mu>1$\n(more specifically $1 < \\mu \\leq 2$, where $\\mu=2$ corresponds to \"ordinary\" 2D\nhydrogenic problem), where $\\mu$ is the L\\'evy index. We show also that in\nfractional 2D hydrogen atom, the orbital momentum degeneracy is lifted so that\nits energy starts to depend not only on principal quantum number $n$ but also\non orbital $m$. To solve the spectral problem, we pass to the momentum\nrepresentation, where we apply the variational method. This permits to obtain\napproximate analytical expressions for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions with very\ngood accuracy. Latter fact has been checked by numerical solution of the\nproblem. We also found the new integral representation (in terms of complete\nelliptic integrals) of Schr\\\"odinger equation for fractional hydrogen atom in\nmomentum space. We point to the realistic physical systems like bulk\nsemiconductors as well as their heterostructures, where obtained results can be\nused."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enhanced stochastic oscillations in autocatalytic reactions: We study a simplified scheme of $k$ coupled autocatalytic reactions,\npreviously introduced by Togashi and Kaneko. The role of stochastic\nfluctuations is elucidated through the use of the van Kampen system-size\nexpansion and the results compared with direct stochastic simulations. Regular\ntemporal oscillations are predicted to occur for the concentration of the\nvarious chemical constituents, with an enhanced amplitude resulting from a\nresonance which is induced by the intrinsic graininess of the system. The\nassociated power spectra are determined and have a different form depending on\nthe number of chemical constituents, $k$. We make detailed comparisons in the\ntwo cases $k=4$ and $k=8$. Agreement between the theoretical and numerical\nresults for the power spectrum are good in both cases. The resulting spectrum\nis especially interesting in the $k=8$ system, since it has two peaks, which\nthe system-size expansion is still able to reproduce accurately.",
        "positive": "Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality in the linewidth of non-equilibrium 1D\n  quasi-condensates: We investigate the finite-size origin of the emission linewidth of a\nspatially-extended, one-dimensional non-equilibrium condensate. We show that\nthe well-known Schawlow-Townes scaling of laser theory, possibly including the\nHenry broadening factor, only holds for small system sizes, while in larger\nsystems the linewidth displays a novel scaling determined by\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang physics. This is shown to lead to an opposite dependence of\nthe linewidth on the optical nonlinearity in the two cases. We then study how\nsub-universal properties of the phase dynamics such as the higher moments of\nthe phase-phase correlator are affected by the finite size and discuss the\nrelation between the field coherence and the exponential of the phase-phase\ncorrelator. We finally identify a configuration with enhanced open boundary\nconditions, which supports a spatially uniform steady-state and facilitates\nexperimental studies of the linewidth scaling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comparison of free energy estimators and their dependence on dissipated\n  work: The estimate of free energy changes based on Bennett's acceptance ratio\nmethod is examined in several limiting cases and compared with other estimates\nbased on the Jarzynski equality and on the Crooks relation. While the absolute\namount of dissipated work, defined as the surplus of average work over the free\nenergy difference, limits the practical applicability of Jarzynski's and\nCrooks' methods, the reliability of Bennett's approach is restricted by the\ndifference of the dissipated works in the forward and the backward process. We\nillustrate these points by considering a Gaussian chain and a hairpin chain\nwhich both are extended during the forward and accordingly compressed during\nthe backward protocol. The reliability of the Crooks relation predominantly\ndepends on the sample size; for the Jarzynski estimator the slowness of the\nwork protocol is crucial, and the Bennett method is shown to give precise\nestimates irrespective of the pulling speed and sample size as long as the\ndissipated works are the same for the forward and the backward process as it is\nthe case for Gaussian work distributions. With an increasing dissipated work\ndifference the Bennett estimator also acquires a bias which increases roughly\nin proportion to this difference. A substantial simplification of the Bennett\nestimator is provided by the 1/2-formula which expresses the free energy\ndifference by the algebraic average of the Jarzynski estimates for the forward\nand the backward processes. It agrees with the Bennett estimate in all cases\nwhen the Jarzynski and the Crooks estimates fail to give reliable results.",
        "positive": "Interface disorder and layer transitions in Ising thin films: The disorder and layer transitions in the interface between an Ising spin-1/2\nfilm denoted $(n)$, and an Ising spin-1 film denoted $(m)$, are studied using\nMonte Carlo simulations. The effects of both an external magnetic field, acting\nonly on the spin-1/2 film, and a crystal magnetic field acting only on the\nspin-1 film, are studied for a fixed temperature and selected values of the\ncoupling constant $J_p$ between the two films. It is found that for large\nvalues of the constant $J_p$, the layers of the film $(n)$, as well as those of\nthe film $(m)$, undergo a first order layering transition. On the other hand,\nthe only disordered layer of the film $(n)$ is that one belonging to the\ninterface films $(n)/(m)$, for any values of the crystal field $\\Delta$. We\nshow the existence of a critical value of the crystal field $\\Delta_c$, above\nwhich this particular layer of the film $(n)$ is disordered. We found that\n$\\Delta_c$ depends on the values of the constant coupling $(J_p)$ between the\ntwo films."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Detailed Examination of Transport Coefficients in Cubic-Plus-Quartic\n  Oscillator Chains: We examine the thermal conductivity and bulk viscosity of a one-dimensional\n(1D) chain of particles with cubic-plus-quartic interparticle potentials and no\non-site potentials. This system is equivalent to the FPU-alpha beta system in a\nsubset of its parameter space. We identify three distinct frequency regimes\nwhich we call the hydrodynamic regime, the perturbative regime and the\ncollisionless regime. In the lowest frequency regime (the hydrodynamic regime)\nheat is transported ballistically by long wavelength sound modes. The model\nthat we use to describe this behaviour predicts that as the frequency goes to\nzero the frequency dependent bulk viscosity and the frequency dependent thermal\nconductivity should diverge with the same power law dependence on frequency.\nThus, we can define the bulk Prandtl number as the ratio of the bulk viscosity\nto the thermal conductivity (with suitable prefactors to render it\ndimensionless). This dimensionless ratio should approach a constant value as\nfrequency goes to zero. We use mode-coupling theory to predict the zero\nfrequency limit. Values of the bulk Prandtl number from simulations are in\nagreement with these predictions over a wide range of system parameters. In the\nmiddle frequency regime, which we call the perturbative regime, heat is\ntransported by sound modes which are damped by four-phonon processes. We call\nthe highest frequency regime the collisionless regime since at these\nfrequencies the observing times are much shorter than the characteristic\nrelaxation times of phonons. The perturbative and collisionless regimes are\ndiscussed in detail in the appendices.",
        "positive": "Should we abandon cascade models to describe the spatial complexity of\n  fully developed turbulence velocity profiles ?: We perform one- and two-points magnitude cumulant analysis of one-dimensional\nlongitudinal velocity profiles stemming from three different experimental\nset-ups and covering a broad range of Taylor scaled Reynolds numbers from 89 to\n2500. While the first-order cumulant behavior is found to strongly depend on\nReynolds number and experimental conditions, the second-order cumulant and the\nmagnitude connected correlation functions are shown to display respectively\nuniversal scale and space-lag behavior. Despite the fact that the Extended\nSelf-Similarity (ESS) hypothesis is not consistent with these findings, when\nextrapolating our results to the limit of infinite Reynolds number, one\nconfirms the validity of the log-normal multifractal description of the\nintermittency phenomenon with a well defined intermittency parameter C2 = 0.025\n+/- 0.003. But the convergence to zero of the magnitude connected correlation\nfunctions casts doubt on the asymptotic existence of an underlying\nmultiplicative cascading spatial structure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Permutation glass: The field of disordered systems provides many simple models in which the\ncompeting influences of thermal and non-thermal disorder lead to new phases and\nnon-trivial thermal behavior of order parameters. In this paper, we add a model\nto the subject by considering a system where the state space consists of\nvarious orderings of a list. As in spin glasses, the disorder of such\n\"permutation glasses\" arises from a parameter in the Hamiltonian being drawn\nfrom a distribution of possible values, thus allowing nominally \"incorrect\norderings\" to have lower energies than \"correct orderings\" in the space of\npermutations. We analyze a Gaussian, uniform, and symmetric Bernoulli\ndistribution of energy costs, and, by employing Jensen's inequality, derive a\ngeneral condition requiring the permutation glass to always transition to the\ncorrectly ordered state at a temperature lower than that of the non-disordered\nsystem, provided that this correctly ordered state is accessible. We in turn\nfind that in order for the correctly ordered state to be accessible, the\nprobability that an incorrectly-ordered component is energetically favored must\nbe less than the inverse of the number of components in the system. We show\nthat all of these results are consistent with a replica symmetric ansatz of the\nsystem and argue that there is no permutation glass phase characterized by\nreplica symmetry breaking, but there is glassy behavior represented by a\nresidual entropy at zero temperature. We conclude by discussing an apparent\nduality between permutation glasses and fermion gases.",
        "positive": "Interacting linear polymers on three-dimensional Sierpinski fractals: Using self-avoiding walk model on three-dimensional Sierpinski fractals (3d\nSF) we have studied critical properties of self-interacting linear polymers in\nporous environment, via exact real-space renormalization group (RG) method. We\nhave found that RG equations for 3d SF with base b=4 are much more complicated\nthan for the previously studied b=2 and b=3 3d SFs. Numerical analysis of these\nequations shows that for all considered cases there are three fixed points,\ncorresponding to the high-temperature extended polymer state, collapse\ntransition, and the low-temperature state, which is compact or semi-compact,\ndepending on the value of the fractal base b. We discuss the reasons for such\ndifferent low--temperature behavior, as well as the possibility of establishing\nthe RG equations beyond b=4."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Individual and Collective Behavior of Small Vibrating Motors Interacting\n  Through a Resonant Plate: We report on experiments of many small motors -- cell phone vibrators --\nglued to and interacting through a resonant plate. We find that individual\nmotors interacting with the plate demonstrate hysteresis in their steady-state\nfrequency due to interactions with plate resonances. For multiple motors\nrunning simultaneously, the degree of synchronization between motors increases\nwhen the motors' frequencies are near a resonance of the plate, and the\nfrequency at which the motors synchronize shows a history dependence.",
        "positive": "First order phase transition in a 1+1-dimensional nonequilibrium wetting\n  process: A model for nonequilibrium wetting in 1+1 dimensions is introduced. It\ncomprises adsorption and desorption processes with a dynamics which generically\ndoes not obey detailed balance. Depending on the rates of the dynamical\nprocesses the wetting transition is either of first or second order. It is\nfound that the wet (unbound) and the non-wet (pinned) states coexist and are\nboth thermodynamically stable in a domain of the dynamical parameters which\ndefine the model. This is in contrast with equilibrium transitions where\ncoexistence of thermodynamically stable states takes place only on the\ntransition line."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Force Model of Traffic Dynamics: Floating car data of car-following behavior in cities were compared to\nexisting microsimulation models, after their parameters had been calibrated to\nthe experimental data. With these parameter values, additional simulations have\nbeen carried out, e.g. of a moving car which approaches a stopped car. It\nturned out that, in order to manage such kinds of situations without producing\naccidents, improved traffic models are needed. Good results have been obtained\nwith the proposed generalized force model.",
        "positive": "Rough neutron fields and nuclear reactor noise: Nuclear reactor cores achieve sustained fission chain reactions through the\nso-called 'critical state' -a subtle equilibrium between their material\nproperties and their geometries. Observed at macroscopic scales during\noperations, the resulting stationary neutron field is tainted by a noise term,\nthat hinders various fluctuations occurring at smaller scales. These\nfluctuations are either of a stochastic nature (whenever the core is operated\nat low power) or related to various perturbations and vibrations within the\ncore, even operated in its power regime. For reasons that are only partially\nunderstood using linear noise theory, incidental events have been reported,\ncharacterized by an increase of the power noise. Such events of power noise\ngrowth, sometimes up to seemingly unbounded levels, have already led in the\npast to volontary scramming of reactors. In this paper, we will extend the\nfindings of \\cite{percolation_pre} (where a statistical field theory of\ncritical processes was employed to model stochastic neutron noise) by\nincorporating the effects of power noise. We will show that the evolution of\nthe neutron field in a reactor is intimately connected to the dynamic of\nsurface growths given by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation. Recent numerical\nresults emerging from renormalization group approaches will be used to\ncalculate a threshold in the amplitude of the reactor noise above which the\ncore could enter a new criticality state, and to estimate the critical\nexponents characterizing this phase transition to rough neutron fields. The\nphenomenology of this roughening transition will be correlated and compared to\ndata of misunderstood reactor noise levels and reactor instabilities, and will\nbe shown to provide both qualitative and quantitative insights into this\nlong-standing issue of reactor physics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solution of a minimal model for many-body quantum chaos: We solve a minimal model for quantum chaos in a spatially extended many-body\nsystem. It consists of a chain of sites with nearest-neighbour coupling under\nFloquet time evolution. Quantum states at each site span a $q$-dimensional\nHilbert space and time evolution for a pair of sites is generated by a\n$q^2\\times q^2$ random unitary matrix. The Floquet operator is specified by a\nquantum circuit of depth two, in which each site is coupled to its neighbour on\none side during the first half of the evolution period, and to its neighbour on\nthe other side during the second half of the period. We show how dynamical\nbehaviour averaged over realisations of the random matrices can be evaluated\nusing diagrammatic techniques, and how this approach leads to exact expressions\nin the large-$q$ limit. We give results for the spectral form factor,\nrelaxation of local observables, bipartite entanglement growth and operator\nspreading.",
        "positive": "Scaling laws and vortex profiles in 2D decaying turbulence: We use high resolution numerical simulations over several hundred of turnover\ntimes to study the influence of small scale dissipation onto vortex statistics\nin 2D decaying turbulence. A self-similar scaling regime is detected when the\nscaling laws are expressed in units of mean vorticity and integral scale, as\npredicted by Carnevale et al., and it is observed that viscous effects spoil\nthis scaling regime. This scaling regime shows some trends toward that of the\nKirchhoff model, for which a recent theory predicts a decay exponent $\\xi=1$.\nIn terms of scaled variables, the vortices have a similar profile close to a\nFermi-Dirac distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal singularity at the closure of a gap in a random matrix theory: We consider a Hamiltonian $ H = H_0+ V $, in which $ H_0$ is a given\nnon-random Hermitian matrix,and $V$ is an $N \\times N$ Hermitian random matrix\nwith a Gaussian probability distribution.We had shown before that Dyson's\nuniversality of the short-range correlations between energy levels holds at\ngeneric points of the spectrum independently of $H_{0}$. We consider here the\ncase in which the spectrum of $H_{0}$ is such that there is a gap in the\naverage density of eigenvalues of $H$ which is thus split into two pieces. When\nthe spectrum of $H_{0}$ is tuned so that the gap closes, a new class of\nuniversality appears for the energy correlations in the vicinity of this\nsingular point.",
        "positive": "Machine learning of phase transitions in the percolation and XY models: In this paper, we apply machine learning methods to study phase transitions\nin certain statistical mechanical models on the two dimensional lattices, whose\ntransitions involve non-local or topological properties, including site and\nbond percolations, the XY model and the generalized XY model. We find that\nusing just one hidden layer in a fully-connected neural network, the\npercolation transition can be learned and the data collapse by using the\naverage output layer gives correct estimate of the critical exponent $\\nu$. We\nalso study the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition, which involves\nbinding and unbinding of topological defects---vortices and anti-vortices, in\nthe classical XY model. The generalized XY model contains richer phases, such\nas the nematic phase, the paramagnetic and the quasi-long-range ferromagnetic\nphases, and we also apply machine learning method to it. We obtain a consistent\nphase diagram from the network trained with only data along the temperature\naxis at two particular parameter $\\Delta$ values, where $\\Delta$ is the\nrelative weight of pure XY coupling. Besides using the spin configurations\n(either angles or spin components) as the input information in a convolutional\nneural network, we devise a feature engineering approach using the histograms\nof the spin orientations in order to train the network to learn the three\nphases in the generalized XY model and demonstrate that it indeed works. The\ntrained network by using system size $L\\times L$ can be used to the phase\ndiagram for other sizes ($L'\\times L'$, where $L'\\ne L$) without any further\ntraining."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical phase transition for current statistics in a simple driven\n  diffusive system: We consider fluctuations of the time-averaged current in the one-dimensional\nweakly-asymmetric exclusion process on a ring. The optimal density profile\nwhich sustains a given fluctuation exhibits an instability for low enough\ncurrents, where it becomes time-dependent. This instability corresponds to a\ndynamical phase transition in the system fluctuation behavior: while typical\ncurrent fluctuations result from the sum of weakly-correlated local events and\nare still associated with the flat, steady-state density profile, for currents\nbelow a critical threshold the system self-organizes into a macroscopic jammed\nstate in the form of a coherent traveling wave, that hinders transport of\nparticles and thus facilitates a time-averaged current fluctuation well below\nthe average current. We analyze in detail this phenomenon using advanced Monte\nCarlo simulations, and work out macroscopic fluctuation theory predictions,\nfinding very good agreement in all cases. In particular, we study not only the\ncurrent large deviation function, but also the critical current threshold, the\nassociated optimal density profiles and the traveling wave velocity, analyzing\nin depth finite-size effects and hence providing a detailed characterization of\nthe dynamical transition.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations for Multipartite Processes: The thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) provide lower bounds on the\nentropy production (EP) of a system in terms of the statistical precision of an\narbitrary current in that system. All conventional TURs derived so far have\nconcerned a single physical system, differing from one another in what\nproperties they require the system to have. However, many physical scenarios of\ninterest involve multiple interacting systems, e.g. organelles within a\nbiological cell. Here we show how to extend the conventional TURs to those\nscenarios. A common feature of these extended versions of the TURs is that they\nbound the global EP, jointly generated by the set of interacting systems, in\nterms of a weighted sum of the precisions of the local currents generated\nwithin those systems -- plus an information-theoretic correction term.\nImportantly, these extended TURs can bound the global EP even when the global\nsystem does not meet any of the requirements of the conventional TURs. After\nderiving these extended TURs we use them to obtain bounds that do not involve\nthe global EP, but instead relate the local EPs of the individual systems and\nthe statistical coupling among the currents generated within those systems. We\nderive such bounds for both scalar-valued and vector-valued currents within\neach system. We illustrate our results with numerical experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal survival probability for a $d$-dimensional run-and-tumble\n  particle: We consider an active run-and-tumble particle (RTP) in $d$ dimensions and\ncompute exactly the probability $S(t)$ that the $x$-component of the position\nof the RTP does not change sign up to time $t$. When the tumblings occur at a\nconstant rate, we show that $S(t)$ is independent of $d$ for any finite time\n$t$ (and not just for large $t$), as a consequence of the celebrated Sparre\nAndersen theorem for discrete-time random walks in one dimension. Moreover, we\nshow that this universal result holds for a much wider class of RTP models in\nwhich the speed $v$ of the particle after each tumbling is random, drawn from\nan arbitrary probability distribution. We further demonstrate, as a\nconsequence, the universality of the record statistics in the RTP problem.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Bicritical and Tetracritical Phenomena and Scaling\n  Properties of the SO(5) Theory\": The multicritical point at which both a 3-component and a 2-component order\nparameters order simultaneously in 3 dimensions is shown to have the critical\nbehavior of the decoupled fixed point, with separate n=3 and n=2 behavior. This\ncontradicts both the extrapolation of the epsilon-expansion at leading order,\nwhich yields the biconical point, and recent Monte Carlo simulations, which\ngave isotropic SO(5) behavior. Thus, this tetracritical point carries no\ninformation on the relevance of the so-called SO(5) theory of high-T\nsuperconductivity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium density matrix for thermal transport in quantum field\n  theory: In these notes I explain how to describe one-dimensional quantum systems that\nare simultaneously near to, but not exactly at, a critical point, and in a\nfar-from-equilibrium steady state. This description uses a density matrix on\nscattering states (of the type of Hershfield's density matrix), or equivalently\na Gibbs-like ensemble of scattering states. The steady state I am considering\nis one where there is a steady flow of energy along the chain, coming from the\nsteady draining / filling of two far-away reservoirs put at different\ntemperatures. The context I am using is that of massive relativistic quantum\nfield theory, which is the framework for describing the region near quantum\ncritical points in any universality class with translation invariance and with\ndynamical exponent z equal to 1. I show, in this completely general setup, that\na particular steady-state density matrix occurs naturally from the physically\nmotivated Keldysh formulation of the steady state. In this formulation the\nsteady state occurs as a result of a large-time evolution from an initial state\nwhere two halves of the system are separately thermalized. I also show how this\nsuggests a particular dependence (a \"factorization\") of the average current on\nthe left and right temperatures. The idea of this density matrix was proposed\nalready in a recent publication with my collaborator Denis Bernard, where we\nstudied it in the context of conformal field theory.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic consistency of energy and virial routes: An exact proof\n  within the linearized Debye-H\u00fcckel theory: The linearized Debye-H\\\"uckel theory for liquid state is shown to provide\nthermodynamically consistent virial and energy routes for any potential and for\nany dimensionality. The importance of this result for bounded potentials is\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Periodic Thermodynamics of Open Quantum Systems: The thermodynamics of quantum systems coupled to periodically modulated heat\nbaths and work reservoirs is developed. By identifying affinities and fluxes,\nthe first and second law are formulated consistently. In the linear response\nregime, entropy production becomes a quadratic form in the affinities.\nSpecializing to Lindblad-dynamics, we identify the corresponding kinetic\ncoefficients in terms of correlation functions of the unperturbed dynamics.\nReciprocity relations follow from symmetries with respect to time reversal. The\nkinetic coefficients can be split into a classical and a quantum contribution\nsubject to a new constraint, which follows from a natural detailed balance\ncondition. This constraint implies universal bounds on efficiency and power of\nquantum heat engines. In particular, we show that Carnot efficiency can not be\nreached whenever quantum coherence effects are present, i.e., when the\nHamiltonian used for work extraction does not commute with the bare system\nHamiltonian. For illustration, we specialize our universal results to a driven\ntwo-level system in contact with a heat bath of sinusoidally modulated\ntemperature.",
        "positive": "Finite-temperature entanglement negativity of free fermions: The entanglement entropy of free fermions with a Fermi surface is known to\nobey a logarithmic scaling and violate the area law in all dimensions. Here, we\nwould like to see how temperature affects the logarithmic scaling behavior. To\nthis end, we compute the entanglement negativity of free fermions using the\nfermionic partial transpose developed in our earlier paper [Phys. Rev. B 95,\n165101 (2017)]. In one dimension, we analytically derive the leading order term\nin the finite-temperature entanglement negativity and show how the entanglement\nnegativity indicates a crossover from a quantum entangled state to a classical\nthermal state, where the entanglement is completely lost. We explain how the\none-dimensional result can be generalized to codimension-one Fermi surface of\narbitrary shape in higher dimensions. In both one and two dimensions, we check\nthat our analytical results agree with the numerical simulation of free\nfermions on a lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equality connecting energy dissipation with violation of\n  fluctuation-response relation: In systems driven away from equilibrium, the velocity correlation function\nand the linear response function to a small perturbation force do not satisfy\nthe fluctuation-response relation (FRR) due to the lack of detailed balance in\ncontrast to equilibrium systems. In this Letter, an equality between an extent\nof the FRR violation and the rate of energy dissipation is proved for Langevin\nsystems under non-equilibrium conditions. This equality enables us to calculate\nthe rate of energy dissipation by quantifying the extent of the FRR violation,\nwhich can be measured experimentally.",
        "positive": "Entropy of stochastic blockmodel ensembles: Stochastic blockmodels are generative network models where the vertices are\nseparated into discrete groups, and the probability of an edge existing between\ntwo vertices is determined solely by their group membership. In this paper, we\nderive expressions for the entropy of stochastic blockmodel ensembles. We\nconsider several ensemble variants, including the traditional model as well as\nthe newly introduced degree-corrected version [Karrer et al. Phys. Rev. E 83,\n016107 (2011)], which imposes a degree sequence on the vertices, in addition to\nthe block structure. The imposed degree sequence is implemented both as \"soft\"\nconstraints, where only the expected degrees are imposed, and as \"hard\"\nconstraints, where they are required to be the same on all samples of the\nensemble. We also consider generalizations to multigraphs and directed graphs.\nWe illustrate one of many applications of this measure by directly deriving a\nlog-likelihood function from the entropy expression, and using it to infer\nlatent block structure in observed data. Due to the general nature of the\nensembles considered, the method works well for ensembles with intrinsic degree\ncorrelations (i.e. with entropic origin) as well as extrinsic degree\ncorrelations, which go beyond the block structure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The correlation between molecular motions and heat capacity in normal\n  ice and water: The heat capacities of ice and water at ambient pressure are reexamined to\nbuild an intrinsic correlation between H2O molecular motions and the heat\ncapacity. Based on the evolution of H2O molecular motions, a satisfactory\ndescription of the heat capacity of ice and water is provided. The heat\ncapacity of ice is related not only to H2O molecular vibrations, but also to\nthe molecular rotations. In water, all H2O molecular vibrations, rotations and\ntranslations contribute to the heat capacity. The molecular translational\nmotions are found to be the main contribution to the large heat capacity of\nwater. The results provide a deep insight into the nature of water and ice at\nambient pressure.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in 3D Ising model with cluster weight by Monte Carlo\n  method: A cluster weight Ising model is proposed by introducing an additional cluster\nweight in the partition function of the traditional Ising model. It is\nequivalent to the O($n$) loop model or $n$-component face cubic loop model on\nthe two-dimensional lattice, but on the three-dimensional lattice, it is still\nnot very clear whether or not these models have the same universality. In order\nto simulate the cluster weight Ising model and search for new universality\nclass, we apply a cluster algorithm, by combining the color-assignation and the\nSwendsen-Wang methods. The dynamical exponent for the absolute magnetization is\nestimated to be $z=0.45(3)$ at $n=1.5$, consistent with that of the traditional\nSwendsen-Wang methods. The numerical estimation of the thermal exponent $y_t$\nand magnetic exponent $y_m$, show that the universalities of the two models on\nthe three-dimensional lattice are different. We obtain the global phase diagram\ncontaining paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases. The phase transition between\nthe two phases are second order at $1\\leq n< n_c$ and first order at $n\\geq\nn_c$, where $n_c\\approx 2$. The scaling dimension $y_t$ equals to the system\ndimension $d$ when the first-order transition occurs. Our results are helpful\nin the understanding of some traditional statistical mechanics models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Supersymmetric analogue of BC_N type rational integrable models with\n  polarized spin reversal operators: We derive the exact spectra as well as partition functions for a class of\n$BC_N$ type of spin Calogero models, whose Hamiltonians are constructed by\nusing supersymmetric analogues of polarized spin reversal operators (SAPSRO).\nThe strong coupling limit of these spin Calogero models yields $BC_N$ type of\nPolychronakos-Frahm (PF) spin chains with SAPSRO. By applying the freezing\ntrick, we obtain an exact expression for the partition functions of such PF\nspin chains. We also derive a formula which expresses the partition function of\nany $BC_N$ type of PF spin chain with SAPSRO in terms of partition functions of\nseveral $A_K$ type of supersymmetric PF spin chains, where $K\\leq N-1$.\nSubsequently we show that an extended boson-fermion duality relation is obeyed\nby the partition functions of the $BC_N$ type of PF chains with SAPSRO. Some\nspectral properties of these spin chains, like level density distribution and\nnearest neighbour spacing distribution, are also studied.",
        "positive": "Do crossover functions depend on the shape of the interaction profile?: We examine the crossover from classical to non-classical critical behaviour\nin two-dimensional systems with a one-component order parameter. Since the\ndegree of universality of the corresponding crossover functions is still\nsubject to debate, we try to induce non-universal effects by adding\ninteractions with a second length scale. Although the crossover functions\nclearly depend on the range of the interactions, they turn out to be remarkably\nrobust against further variation of the interaction profile. In particular, we\nfind that the earlier observed non-monotonic crossover of the effective\nsusceptibility exponent occurs for several qualitatively different shapes of\nthis profile."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic calculations using reverse Monte Carlo: Simultaneously\n  tuning multiple short-range order parameters for 2D lattice adsorption\n  problem: Lattice simulations are an important class of problems in crystalline solids,\nsurface science, alloys, adsorption, absorption, separation, catalysis, to name\na few. We describe a fast computational method for performing lattice\nthermodynamic calculations that is based on the use of the reverse Monte Carlo\n(RMC) technique and multiple short-range order (SRO) parameters. The approach\nis comparable in accuracy to the Metropolis Monte Carlo (MC) method. The\nequilibrium configuration is determined in 5-10 Newton-Raphson iterations by\nsolving a system of coupled nonlinear algebraic flux equations. This makes the\nRMC-based method computationally more efficient than MC, given that MC\ntypically requires sampling of millions of configurations. The technique is\napplied to the interacting 2D adsorption problem. Unlike grand canonical MC,\nRMC is found to be adept at tackling geometric frustration, as it is able to\nquickly and correctly provide the ordered c(2x2) adlayer configuration for Cl\nadsorbed on a Cu (100) surface.",
        "positive": "Subdiffusion-limited reactions: We consider the coagulation dynamics A+A -> A and A+A <-> A and the\nannihilation dynamics A+A -> 0 for particles moving subdiffusively in one\ndimension. This scenario combines the \"anomalous kinetics\" and \"anomalous\ndiffusion\" problems, each of which leads to interesting dynamics separately and\nto even more interesting dynamics in combination. Our analysis is based on the\nfractional diffusion equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A variance reduced estimator of the connected two-point function in the\n  presence of a broken Z_2 symmetry: The exchange or geometric cluster algorithm allows us to define a variance\nreduced estimator of the connected two-point function in the presence of a\nbroken Z_2-symmetry. We present first numerical tests for the improved\nBlume-Capel model on the simple cubic lattice. We perform simulations for the\ncritical isotherm, the low temperature phase at vanishing external field and,\nfor comparison, also the high temperature phase. For the connected two-point\nfunction a substantial reduction of the variance can be obtained, allowing us\nto compute the correlation length with high precision. Based on these results,\nestimates for various universal amplitude ratios that characterise the\nuniversality class of the three-dimensional Ising model are computed.",
        "positive": "Machine-learning detection of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless\n  transitions in the q-state clock models: We demonstrate that a machine learning technique with a simple feedforward\nneural network can sensitively detect two successive phase transitions\nassociated with the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase in q-state\nclock models simultaneously by analyzing the weight matrix components\nconnecting the hidden and output layers. We find that the method requires only\na data set of the raw spatial spin configurations for the learning procedure.\nThis data set is generated by Monte-Carlo thermalizations at selected\ntemperatures. Neither prior knowledge of, for example, the transition\ntemperatures, number of phases, and order parameters nor processed data sets\nof, for example, the vortex configurations, histograms of spin orientations,\nand correlation functions produced from the original spin-configuration data\nare needed, in contrast with most of previously proposed machine learning\nmethods based on supervised learning. Our neural network evaluates the\ntransition temperatures as T_2/J=0.921 and T_1/J=0.410 for the\nparamagnetic-to-BKT transition and BKT-to-ferromagnetic transition in the\neight-state clock model on a square lattice. Both critical temperatures agree\nwell with those evaluated in the previous numerical studies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging in One-Dimensional Coagulation-Diffusion Processes and the\n  Fredrickson-Andersen Model: We analyse the aging dynamics of the one-dimensional Fredrickson-Andersen\n(FA) model in the nonequilibrium regime following a low temperature quench.\nRelaxation then effectively proceeds via diffusion limited pair coagulation\n(DLPC) of mobility excitations. By employing a familiar stochastic similarity\ntransformation, we map exact results from the free fermion case of diffusion\nlimited pair annihilation to DLPC. Crucially, we are able to adapt the mapping\ntechnique to averages involving multiple time quantities. This relies on\nknowledge of the explicit form of the evolution operators involved. Exact\nresults are obtained for two-time correlation and response functions in the\nfree fermion DLPC process. The corresponding long-time scaling forms apply to a\nwider class of DLPC processes, including the FA model. We are thus able to\nexactly characterise the violations of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem\n(FDT) in the aging regime of the FA model. We find nontrivial scaling forms for\nthe fluctuation-dissipation ratio (FDR) X = X(tw/t), but with a negative\nasymptotic value X = -3*pi/(6*pi - 16) = -3.307. While this prevents a\nthermodynamic interpretation in terms of an effective temperature, it is a\ndirect consequence of probing FDT with observables that couple to activated\ndynamics. The existence of negative FDRs should therefore be a widespread\nfeature in non mean-field systems.",
        "positive": "Physics of Personal Income: We report empirical studies on the personal income distribution, and clarify\nthat the distribution pattern of the lognormal with power law tail is the\nuniversal structure. We analyze the temporal change of Pareto index and Gibrat\nindex to investigate the change of the inequality of the income distribution.\nIn addition some mathematical models which are proposed to explain the power\nlaw distribution are reviewed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin critical opalescence in zero temperature Bose-Einstein Condensates: Cold atom developments suggest the prospect of measuring scaling properties\nand long-range fluctuations of continuous phase transitions at\nzero-temperature. We discuss the conditions for characterizing the phase\nseparation of Bose-Einstein condensates of boson atoms in two distinct\nhyperfine spin states. The mean-field description breaks down as the system\napproaches the transition from the miscible side. An effective spin description\nclarifies the ferromagnetic nature of the transition. We show that a difference\nin the scattering lengths for the bosons in the same spin state leads to an\neffective internal magnetic field. The conditions at which the internal\nmagnetic field vanishes (i.e., equal values of the like-boson scattering\nlengths) is a special point. We show that the long range density fluctuations\nare suppressed near that point while the effective spin exhibits the long-range\nfluctuations that characterize critical points. The zero-temperature system\nexhibits critical opalescence with respect to long wavelength waves of impurity\natoms that interact with the bosons in a spin-dependent manner.",
        "positive": "Optimization potential of a real highway network: an empirical study: Empirical observations and theoretical studies indicate that the overall\ntravel-time of vehicles in a traffic network can be optimized by means of ramp\nmetering control systems. Here, we present an analysis of traffic data of the\nhighway network of North-Rhine-Westfalia in order to identify and characterize\nthe sections of the network which limit the performance, i.e., the bottlenecks.\nIt is clarified whether the bottlenecks are of topological nature or if they\nare constituted by on-ramps. This allows to judge possible optimization\nmechanisms and reveals in which areas of the network they have to be applied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evidence for geometry-dependent universal fluctuations of the\n  Kardar-Parisi-Zhang interfaces in liquid-crystal turbulence: We provide a comprehensive report on scale-invariant fluctuations of growing\ninterfaces in liquid-crystal turbulence, for which we recently found evidence\nthat they belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class for 1+1\ndimensions [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 230601 (2010); Sci. Rep. 1, 34 (2011)]. Here\nwe investigate both circular and flat interfaces and report their statistics in\ndetail. First we demonstrate that their fluctuations show not only the KPZ\nscaling exponents but beyond: they asymptotically share even the precise forms\nof the distribution function and the spatial correlation function in common\nwith solvable models of the KPZ class, demonstrating also an intimate relation\nto random matrix theory. We then determine other statistical properties for\nwhich no exact theoretical predictions were made, in particular the temporal\ncorrelation function and the persistence probabilities. Experimental results on\nfinite-time effects and extreme-value statistics are also presented. Throughout\nthe paper, emphasis is put on how the universal statistical properties depend\non the global geometry of the interfaces, i.e., whether the interfaces are\ncircular or flat. We thereby corroborate the powerful yet geometry-dependent\nuniversality of the KPZ class, which governs growing interfaces driven out of\nequilibrium.",
        "positive": "Critical Point of a Symmetric Vertex Model: We study a symmetric vertex model, that allows 10 vertex configurations, by\nuse of the corner transfer matrix renormalization group (CTMRG), a variant of\nDMRG. The model has a critical point that belongs to the Ising universality\nclass."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conformal Profiles in the Hilhorst--van Leeuwen Model: We study the critical energy and magnetization profiles for the Ising quantum\nchain with a marginal extended surface perturbation of the form A/y, y being\nthe distance from the surface (Hilhorst-van Leeuwen model). For weak local\ncouplings, A<A_c, the model displays a continuous surface transition with\nA-dependent exponents, whereas, for A>A_c, there is surface order at the bulk\ncritical point. If conformal invariance is assumed to hold with such marginal\nperturbations, it predicts conformal profiles with the same scaling form as for\nthe unperturbed quantum chain, with marginal surface exponents replacing the\nunperturbed ones. The results of direct analytical and numerical calculations\nof the profiles confirm the validity of the conformal expressions in the\nregimes of second- and first-order surface transitions.",
        "positive": "Order statistics of 1/f^\u03b1 signals: Order statistics of periodic, Gaussian noise with 1/f^{\\alpha} power spectrum\nis investigated. Using simulations and phenomenological arguments, we find\nthree scaling regimes for the average gap d_k=<x_k-x_{k+1}> between the k-th\nand (k+1)-st largest values of the signal. The result d_k ~ 1/k known for\nindependent, identically distributed variables remains valid for 0<\\alpha<1.\nNontrivial, \\alpha-dependent scaling exponents d_k ~ k^{(\\alpha -3)/2} emerge\nfor 1<\\alpha<5 and, finally, \\alpha-independent scaling, d_k ~ k is obtained\nfor \\alpha>5. The spectra of average ordered values \\epsilon_k=<x_1-x_k> ~\nk^{\\beta} is also examined. The exponent {\\beta} is derived from the gap\nscaling as well as by relating \\epsilon_k to the density of near extreme\nstates. Known results for the density of near extreme states combined with\nscaling suggest that \\beta(\\alpha=2)=1/2, \\beta(4)=3/2, and beta(infinity)=2\nare exact values. We also show that parallels can be drawn between \\epsilon_k\nand the quantum mechanical spectra of a particle in power-law potentials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Potential Energy Landscape and Mechanisms of Diffusion in Liquids: The mechanism of diffusion in supercooled liquids is investigated from the\npotential energy landscape point of view, with emphasis on the crossover from\nhigh- to low-T dynamics. Molecular dynamics simulations with a time dependent\nmapping to the associated local mininum or inherent structure (IS) are\nperformed on unit-density Lennard-Jones (LJ). New dynamical quantities\nintroduced include r2_{is}(t), the mean-square displacement (MSD) within a\nbasin of attraction of an IS, R2(t), the MSD of the IS itself, and g_{loc}(t)\nthe mean waiting time in a cooperative region. At intermediate T, r2_{is}(t)\nposesses an interval of linear t-dependence allowing calculation of an\nintrabasin diffusion constant D_{is}. Near T_{c} diffusion is intrabasin\ndominated with D = D_{is}. Below T_{c} the local waiting time tau_{loc} exceeds\nthe time, tau_{pl}, needed for the system to explore the basin, indicating the\naction of barriers. The distinction between motion among the IS below T_{c} and\nsaddle, or border dynamics above T_{c} is discussed.",
        "positive": "Statistical models of diffusion and aggregation for coke formation in a\n  catalyst pore: We simulated models of diffusion and aggregation in long pores of small\nwidths in order to represent the basic mechanisms of coke deposition in\ncatalysts' pores. Coke precursors are represented by particles injected at the\npore entrance. Knudsen diffusion, which is usually expected inside the pores,\nis modeled by ballistic motion of those particles. The regime of molecular\ndiffusion is also analyzed via models of lattice random walks biased along the\npores. The aggregation at the surface or near previously aggregated particles\nwas modeled by different probabilistic rules, accounting for the possibilities\nof more compact or more ramified deposits. In the model of Knudsen diffusion\nand in some cases of molecular diffusion, there is an initial regime of uniform\ndeposition along the pore, after which the deposits acquire an approximately\nwedge shape, with the pore plugging near its entrance. After the regime of\nuniform deposition and before that of critical pore plugging, the average\naggregation position slowly decreases with the number N of deposited particles\napproximately as N^{-0.25}. The apparently universal features of deposits\ngenerated by microscopic models are compared with those currently adopted in\ncontinuum models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-additive properties of finite 1D Ising chains with long-range\n  interactions: We study the statistical properties of Ising spin chains with finite\n(although arbitrary large) range of interaction between the elements. We\nexamine mesoscopic subsystems (fragments of an Ising chain) with the lengths\ncomparable with the interaction range. The equivalence of the Ising chains and\nthe multi-step Markov sequences is used for calculating different non-additive\nstatistical quantities of a chain and its fragments. In particular, we study\nthe variance of fluctuating magnetization of fragments, magnetization of the\nchain in the external magnetic field, etc. Asymptotical expressions for the\nnon-additive energy and entropy of the mesoscopic fragments are derived in the\nlimiting cases of weak and strong interactions.",
        "positive": "The Equation of State for Solution of Semiflexible Polymer Chains: We formulate a self-consistent procedure for calculation of thermodynamic and\nstructural properties of polymer solutions based on the Gaussian equivalent\nrepresentation method (GER) for functional integrals calculation beyond the\nmean-field approximaton. We show that an equation of state, potential of mean\nforce of interaction monomer-monomer, and persistent length should be defined\nself-consistently by solving of some system of coupled equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "H theorem for contact forces in granular materials: A maximum entropy theorem is developed and tested for granular contact\nforces. Although it is idealized, describing two dimensional packings of round,\nrigid, frictionless, cohesionless disks with coordination number Z=4, it\nappears to describe a central part of the physics present in the more general\ncases. The theorem does not make the strong claims of Edwards' hypothesis, nor\ndoes it rely upon Edwards' hypothesis at any point. Instead, it begins solely\nfrom the physical assumption that closed loops of grains are unable to impose\nstrong force correlations around the loop. This statement is shown to be a\ngeneralization of Boltzmann's Assumption of Molecular Chaos (his\n\\textit{stosszahlansatz}), allowing for the extra symmetries of granular stress\npropagation compared to the more limited symmetries of momentum propagation in\na thermodynamic system. The theorem that follows from this is similar to\nBoltzmann's $H$ theorem and is presented as an alternative to Edwards'\nhypothesis for explaining some granular phenomena. It identifies a very\ninteresting feature of granular packings: if the generalized\n\\textit{stosszahlansatz} is correct, then the bulk of homogeneous granular\npackings must satisfy a maximum entropy condition simply by virtue of being\nstable, without any exploration of phase space required. This leads to an\nindependent derivation of the contact force statistics, and these predictions\nhave been compared to numerical simulation data in the isotropic case. The good\nagreement implies that the generalized \\textit{stosszahlansatz} is indeed\naccurate at least for the isotropic state of the idealized case studied here,\nand that it is the reductionist explanation for contact force statistics in\nthis case.",
        "positive": "Gaussian Information Bottleneck and the Non-Perturbative Renormalization\n  Group: The renormalization group (RG) is a class of theoretical techniques used to\nexplain the collective physics of interacting, many-body systems. It has been\nsuggested that the RG formalism may be useful in finding and interpreting\nemergent low-dimensional structure in complex systems outside of the\ntraditional physics context, such as in biology or computer science. In such\ncontexts, one common dimensionality-reduction framework already in use is\ninformation bottleneck (IB), in which the goal is to compress an ``input''\nsignal $X$ while maximizing its mutual information with some stochastic\n``relevance'' variable $Y$. IB has been applied in the vertebrate and\ninvertebrate processing systems to characterize optimal encoding of the future\nmotion of the external world. Other recent work has shown that the RG scheme\nfor the dimer model could be ``discovered'' by a neural network attempting to\nsolve an IB-like problem. This manuscript explores whether IB and any existing\nformulation of RG are formally equivalent. A class of soft-cutoff\nnon-perturbative RG techniques are defined by families of non-deterministic\ncoarsening maps, and hence can be formally mapped onto IB, and vice versa. For\nconcreteness, this discussion is limited entirely to Gaussian statistics (GIB),\nfor which IB has exact, closed-form solutions. Under this constraint, GIB has a\nsemigroup structure, in which successive transformations remain IB-optimal.\nFurther, the RG cutoff scheme associated with GIB can be identified. Our\nresults suggest that IB can be used to impose a notion of ``large scale''\nstructure, such as biological function, on an RG procedure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Virial coefficients and equations of state for mixtures of hard discs,\n  hard spheres and hard hyperspheres: The composition-independent virial coefficients of a $d$-dimensional binary\nmixture of (additive) hard hyperspheres following from a recent proposal for\nthe equation of state of the mixture [Santos, A., Yuste, S. B., and L\\'opez de\nHaro, M., 1999, Molec. Phys., 96, 1] are examined. Good agreement between\ntheoretical estimates and available exact or numerical results is found for\n$d=2$, 3, 4 and 5, except for mixtures whose components are very disparate in\nsize. A slight modification that remedies this deficiency is introduced and the\nresummation of the associated virial series is carried out, leading to a new\nproposal for the equation of state. The case of binary hard-sphere mixtures\n($d=3$) is analyzed in some detail.",
        "positive": "Dynamic Length Scale and Weakest Link Behavior in Crystal Plasticity: Plastic deformation of heterogeneous solid structures is often characterized\nby random intermittent local plastic events. On the mesoscale this feature can\nbe represented by a spatially fluctuating local yield threshold. Here we study\nthe validity of such an approach and the ideal choice for the size of the\nrepresentative volume element for crystal plasticity in terms of a discrete\ndislocation model. We find that the number of links representing possible\nsources of plastic activity exhibits anomalous (super-extensive) scaling which\ntends to extensive scaling (often assumed in weakest-link models) if quenched\nshort-range interactions are introduced. The reason is that the interplay\nbetween long-range dislocation interactions and short-range quenched disorder\ndestroys scale-free dynamical correlations leading to event localization with a\ncharacteristic length-scale. Several methods are presented to determine the\ndynamic length-scale that can be generalized to other types of heterogeneous\nmaterials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamic behaviour of an Abelian Sandpile Model with Laplacian rules: We present a sandpile model, in which the instability of a site is determined\nalso by the variables in a neighbourhood. This is a modification of the Abelian\nSandpile Model, in which abelianity is preserved: it shares several\nmathematical properties of the original abelian model, while producing a more\nrealistic dynamics. We show how our model presents interesting hydrodynamic\nfeatures.",
        "positive": "Mean trapping time for an arbitrary node on regular hyperbranched\n  polymers: The regular hyperbranched polymers (RHPs), also known as Vicsek fractals, are\nan important family of hyperbranched structures which have attracted a wide\nspread attention during the past several years. In this paper, we study the\nfirst-passage properties for random walks on the RHPs. Firstly, we propose a\nway to label all the different nodes of the RHPs and derive exact formulas to\ncalculate the mean first-passage time (MFPT) between any two nodes and the mean\ntrapping time (MTT) for any trap node. Then, we compare the trapping efficiency\nbetween any two nodes of the RHPs by using the MTT as the measures of trapping\nefficiency. We find that the central node of the RHPs is the best trapping site\nand the nodes which are the farthest nodes from the central node are the worst\ntrapping sites. Furthermore, we find that the maximum of the MTT is about $4$\ntimes more than the minimum of the MTT. The result is similar to the results in\nthe recursive fractal scale-free trees and T-fractal, but it is quite different\nfrom that in the recursive non-fractal scale-free trees. These results can help\nunderstanding the influences of the topological properties and trap location on\nthe trapping efficiency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ising Metamagnet Driven by Propagating Magnetic Field Wave:\n  Nonequilibrium Phases and Transitions: The nonequilibrium responses of Ising metamagnet (layered antiferromagnet) to\nthe propagating magnetic wave are studied by Monte Carlo simulation. Here, the\nspatio-temporal variations of magnetic field keeps the system away from\nequilibrium. The sublattice magnetisations show dynamical symmetry breaking in\nthe low temperature ordered phase. The nonequilibrium phase transitions are\nstudied from the temperature dependences of dynamic staggered order parameter,\nits derivative and the dynamic specific heat. The transitions are marked by the\npeak position of dynamic specific heat and the position of dip of the\nderivative of dynamic staggered order parameter. It is observed that, for lower\nvalues of the amplitudes of the propagating magnetic field, if the system is\ncooled from a high temperature, it undergoes a phase transition showing sharp\npeak of dynamic specific heat and sharp dip of the derivative of the dynamic\nstaggered order parameter. However, for higher values of the amplitude of the\npropagating magnetic field, system exhibits multiple phase transitions. A\ncomprehensive phase diagram is also plotted. The transition, for vanishingly\nsmall value of the amplitude of the propagating wave, is very close to that for\nequilibrium ferro-para phase transition of cubic Ising ferromagnet.",
        "positive": "Passive advection of fractional Brownian motion by random layered flows: We study statistical properties of the process $Y(t)$ of a passive advection\nby quenched random layered flows in situations when the inter-layer transfer is\ngoverned by a fractional Brownian motion $X(t)$ with the Hurst index $H \\in\n(0,1)$. We show that the disorder-averaged mean-squared displacement of the\npassive advection grows in the large time $t$ limit in proportion to $t^{2 -\nH}$, which defines a family of anomalous super-diffusions. We evaluate the\ndisorder-averaged Wigner-Ville spectrum of the advection process $Y(t)$ and\ndemonstrate that it has a rather unusual power-law form $1/f^{3 - H}$ with a\ncharacteristic exponent which exceed the value $2$. Our results also suggest\nthat sample-to-sample fluctuations of the spectrum can be very important."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Properties of Random Field Ising Model: Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are performed on a two-dimensional random\nfield Ising model. The purpose of the present work is to study the\ndisorder-induced changes in the properties of disordered spin systems. The time\nevolution of the domain growth, the order parameter and spin-spin correlation\nfunctions are studied in the non equilibrium regime. The dynamical evolution of\nthe order parameter and the domain growth shows a power law scaling with\ndisorder-dependent exponents. It is observed that, except for very small random\nfields, exchange interaction never wins over pinning interaction to establish\nlong range order.",
        "positive": "Generalized Hydrodynamics of the attractive Non-Linear Schroedinger\n  Equation: We study the generalized hydrodynamics of the one-dimensional classical Non\nLinear Schroedinger equation in the attractive phase. We thereby show that the\nthermodynamic limit is entirely captured by solitonic modes and radiation is\nabsent. Our results are derived by considering the semiclassical limit of the\nquantum Bose gas, where the Planck constant has a key role as a regulator of\nthe classical soliton gas. We use our result to study adiabatic interaction\nchanges from the repulsive to the attractive phase, observing soliton\nproduction and obtaining exact analytical results which are in excellent\nagreement with Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size scaling in complex networks: A finite-size-scaling (FSS) theory is proposed for various models in complex\nnetworks. In particular, we focus on the FSS exponent, which plays a crucial\nrole in analyzing numerical data for finite-size systems. Based on the\ndroplet-excitation (hyperscaling) argument, we conjecture the values of the FSS\nexponents for the Ising model, the susceptible-infected-susceptible model, and\nthe contact process, all of which are confirmed reasonably well in numerical\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Freezing line of the Lennard-Jones fluid: a Phase Switch Monte Carlo\n  study: We report a Phase Switch Monte Carlo (PSMC) method study of the freezing line\nof the Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid. Our work generalizes to soft potentials the\noriginal application of the method to hard sphere freezing, and builds on a\nprevious PSMC study of the LJ system by Errington (J. Chem. Phys. {\\bf 120},\n3130 (2004)). The latter work is extended by tracing a large section of the\nLennard-Jones freezing curve, the results for which we compare to a previous\nGibbs-Duhem integration study. Additionally we provide new background regarding\nthe statistical mechanical basis of the PSMC method and extensive\nimplementation details."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Absorbing-state phase transitions in fixed-energy sandpiles: We study sandpile models as closed systems, with conserved energy density\n$\\zeta$ playing the role of an external parameter. The critical energy density,\n$\\zeta_c$, marks a nonequilibrium phase transition between active and absorbing\nstates. Several fixed-energy sandpiles are studied in extensive simulations of\nstationary and transient properties, as well as the dynamics of roughening in\nan interface-height representation. Our primary goal is to identify the\nuniversality classes of such models, in hopes of assessing the validity of two\nrecently proposed approaches to sandpiles: a phenomenological continuum\nLangevin description with absorbing states, and a mapping to driven interface\ndynamics in random media. Our results strongly suggest that there are at least\nthree distinct universality classes for sandpiles.",
        "positive": "Resistivity peculiarities in systems with lattice distortions: We study a molecular lattice Hamiltonian in which polaronic charge carriers\ninteract with non linear potentials provided by local atomic fluctuations\nbetween two equilibrium sites. The path integral formalism is applied to select\nthe class of atomic oscillations which mainly contributes to the partition\nfunction and the electrical resistivity is computed in a number of\nrepresentative cases. Non metallic resistivity behaviors are found at\ntemperatures above $\\simeq 100K$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Onset of chaos and relaxation in isolated systems of interacting\n  spins-1/2: energy shell approach: We study the onset of chaos and statistical relaxation in two isolated\ndynamical quantum systems of interacting spins-1/2, one of which is integrable\nand the other chaotic. Our approach to identifying the emergence of chaos is\nbased on the level of delocalization of the eigenstates with respect to the\nenergy shell, the latter being determined by the interaction strength between\nparticles or quasi-particles. We also discuss how the onset of chaos may be\nanticipated by a careful analysis of the Hamiltonian matrices, even before\ndiagonalization. We find that despite differences between the two models, their\nrelaxation process following a quench is very similar and can be described\nanalytically with a theory previously developed for systems with two-body\nrandom interactions. Our results imply that global features of statistical\nrelaxation depend on the degree of spread of the eigenstates within the energy\nshell and may happen to both integrable and non-integrable systems.",
        "positive": "A stochastic approach to open quantum systems: Stochastic methods are ubiquitous to a variety of fields, ranging from\nPhysics to Economy and Mathematics. In many cases, in the investigation of\nnatural processes, stochasticity arises every time one considers the dynamics\nof a system in contact with a somehow bigger system, an environment, that is\nconsidered in thermal equilibrium. Any small fluctuation of the environment has\nsome random effect on the system. In Physics, stochastic methods have been\napplied to the investigation of phase transitions, thermal and electrical\nnoise, thermal relaxation, quantum information, Brownian motion etc.\n  In this review, we will focus on the so-called stochastic Schr\\\"odinger\nequation. This is useful as a starting point to investigate the dynamics of\nopen quantum systems capable of exchanging energy and momentum with an external\nenvironment. We discuss in some details the general derivation of a stochastic\nSchr\\\"odinger equation and some of its recent applications to spin thermal\ntransport, thermal relaxation, and Bose-Einstein condensation. We thoroughly\ndiscuss the advantages of this formalism with respect to the more common\napproach in terms of the reduced density matrix. The applications discussed\nhere constitute only a few examples of a much wider range of applicability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mixing and aggregation in Feller diffusion: We consider Feller mean-reverting square-root diffusion, which has been\napplied to model a wide variety of processes with linearly state-dependent\ndiffusion, such as stochastic volatility and interest rates in finance, and\nneuronal and populations dynamics in natural sciences. We focus on the\nstatistical mixing (or superstatistical) process in which the parameter related\nto the mean value can fluctuate - a plausible mechanism for the emergence of\nheavy-tailed distributions. We obtain analytical results for the associated\nprobability density function (both stationary and time dependent), its\ncorrelation structure and aggregation properties. Our results are applied to\nexplain the statistics of stock traded volume at different aggregation scales.",
        "positive": "Anomalous diffusion in random-walks with memory-induced relocations: In this minireview we present the main results regarding the transport\nproperties of stochastic movement with relocations to known positions. To do\nso, we formulate the problem in a general manner to see several cases\nextensively studied during the last years as particular situations within a\nframework of random walks with memory. We focus on (i) stochastic motion with\nresets to its initial position followed by a waiting period, and (ii) diffusive\nmotion with memory-driven relocations to previously visited positions. For both\nof them we show how the overall transport regime may be actively modified by\nthe details of the relocation mechanism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamically consistent Langevin dynamics with spatially correlated\n  noise predicts frictionless regime and transient attraction effect: While the origin of temporal correlations in Langevin dynamics have been\nthoroughly researched, the understanding of Spatially Correlated Noise (SCN) is\nrather incomplete. In particular, very little is known about the relation\nbetween friction and SCN. In this article, we derive the formal formula for the\nspatial correlation function in the particle-bath interactions. This expression\nshows that SCN is the inherent component of binary mixtures, originating from\nthe effective (entropic) interactions. Further, employing this spatial\ncorrelation function, we postulate the thermodynamically consistent Langevin\nequation driven by SCN and the adequate Fluctuation-Dissipation Relation. The\nthermodynamical consistency is achieved by introducing the spatially variant\nfriction coefficient, which can be also derived analytically. This coefficient\nexhibits a number of intriguing properties, e.g. the singular behavior for\ncertain interaction types. Eventually, we apply this new theory to the system\nof two charged particles in the presence of counter-ions. Such particles\ninteract via the screened-charge Yukawa potential and the inclusion of SCN\nleads to the emergence of the anomalous frictionless regime. In this regime the\nparticles can experience active propulsion leading to the transient attraction\neffect. This effect suggests a non-equilibrium mechanism facilitating the\nmolecular binding of the like-charged particles.",
        "positive": "One-dimensional quantum many body systems with long-range interactions: The presence of algebraically decaying long-range interactions may alter the\ncritical as well as topological behaviour of a quantum many-body systems.\nHowever, when the interaction decays at a faster rate, the short-range\nbehaviour is expected to be retrieved. Similarly, the long-range nature of\ninteractions has a prominent signature on the out of equilibrium dynamics of\nthese systems, e.g, in the growth of the entanglement entropy following a\nquench, the propagation of mutual information and non-equilibrium phase\ntransitions. In this review, we summarize the results of long-range interacting\nclassical and quantum Ising chains which have been studied since decades.\nThereafter, we focus on the recent developments on the integrable long-range\nKitaev chain emphasising the role of long-range superconducting pairing term on\ndetermining its topological phase diagram and out of equilibrium dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Euler-Poincare' Characteristic and Phase Transition in the Potts Model: Recent results concerning the topological properties of random geometrical\nsets have been successfully applied to the study of the morphology of clusters\nin percolation theory. This approach provides an alternative way of inspecting\nthe critical behaviour of random systems in statistical mechanics. For the 2d\nq-states Potts model with q <= 6, intensive and accurate numerics indicates\nthat the average of the Euler characteristic (taken with respect to the\nFortuin-Kasteleyn random cluster measure) is an order parameter of the phase\ntransition.",
        "positive": "Energy landscapes, lowest gaps, and susceptibility of elastic manifolds\n  at zero temperature: We study the effect of an external field on (1+1) and (2+1) dimensional\nelastic manifolds, at zero temperature and with random bond disorder. Due to\nthe glassy energy landscape the configuration of a manifold changes often in\nabrupt, ``first order'' -type of large jumps when the field is applied. First\nthe scaling behavior of the energy gap between the global energy minimum and\nthe next lowest minimum of the manifold is considered, by employing exact\nground state calculations and an extreme statistics argument. The scaling has a\nlogarithmic prefactor originating from the number of the minima in the\nlandscape, and reads $\\Delta E_1 \\sim L^\\theta [\\ln(L_z L^{-\\zeta})]^{-1/2}$,\nwhere $\\zeta$ is the roughness exponent and $\\theta$ is the energy fluctuation\nexponent of the manifold, $L$ is the linear size of the manifold, and $L_z$ is\nthe system height. The gap scaling is extended to the case of a finite external\nfield and yields for the susceptibility of the manifolds $\\chi_{tot} \\sim\nL^{2D+1-\\theta} [(1-\\zeta)\\ln(L)]^{1/2}$. We also present a mean field argument\nfor the finite size scaling of the first jump field, $h_1 \\sim L^{d-\\theta}$.\nThe implications to wetting in random systems, to finite-temperature behavior\nand the relation to Kardar-Parisi-Zhang non-equilibrium surface growth are\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relativistic diffusion of particles with a continuous mass spectrum: We discuss general positivity conditions necessary for a definition of a\nrelativistic diffusion on the phase space. We show that Lorentz covariant\nrandom vector fields on the forward cone $p^{2}\\geq 0$ lead to a definition of\na generator of Lorentz covariant diffusions. We discuss in more detail\ndiffusions arising from particle dynamics in a random electromagnetic field\napproximating the quantum field at finite temperature. We develop statistical\nmechanics of a gas of diffusing particles. We discuss viscosity of such a gas\nin an expansion in gradients of the fluid velocity.",
        "positive": "Reconstructed Rough Phases During Surface Growth: Flat surface phases are unstable during growth and known to become rough.\nThis does not exclude the possibility that surface reconstruction order\npersists in rough growing surfaces, in analogy with so-called equilibrium\nreconstructed rough phases. We investigate this in the context of KPZ type\ndynamics, using the restricted solid on solid model with negative mono-atomic\nstep energies. Long range reconstruction order is strictly speaking absent in\nthe thermodynamic limit, but the reconstruction domain walls become trapped at\nsurface ridge lines, and the reconstruction order parameter fluctuates\ncritically with the KPZ dynamic exponent at finite but large length scales."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Freezing by Monte Carlo Phase-Switch: We describe a Monte Carlo procedure which allows sampling of the disjoint\nconfiguration spaces associated with crystalline and fluid phases, within a\nsingle simulation. The method utilises biased sampling techniques to enhance\nthe probabilities of gateway states (in each phase) which are such that a\nglobal switch (to the other phase) can be implemented. Equilibrium\nfreezing-point parameters can be determined directly; statistical uncertainties\nprescribed transparently; and finite-size effects quantified systematically.\nThe method is potentially quite general; we apply it to the freezing of hard\nspheres.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of heterogeneous crystal nucleation in contact and\n  immersion modes: One of most intriguing problems of heterogeneous crystal nucleation in\ndroplets is its strong enhancement in the contact mode (when the foreign\nparticle is presumably in some kind of contact with the droplet surface)\ncompared to the immersion mode (particle immersed in the droplet). Many\nheterogeneous centers have different nucleation thresholds when they act in\ncontact or immersion modes, indicating that the mechanisms may be actually\ndifferent for the different modes. Underlying physical reasons for this\nenhancement have remained largely unclear. In this paper we present a model for\nthe thermodynamic enhancement of heterogeneous crystal nucleation in the\ncontact mode compared to the immersion one. To determine if and how the surface\nof a liquid droplet can thermodynamically stimulate its heterogeneous\ncrystallization, we examine crystal nucleation in the immersion and contact\nmodes by deriving and comparing with each other the reversible works of\nformation of crystal nuclei in these cases. As a numerical illustration, the\nproposed model is applied to the heterogeneous nucleation of Ih crystals on\ngeneric macroscopic foreign particles in water droplets at T=253 K. Our results\nshow that the droplet surface does thermodynamically favor the contact mode\nover the immersion one. Surprisingly, our numerical evaluations suggest that\nthe line tension contribution to this enhancement from the contact of three\nwater phases (vapor-liquid-crystal) may be of the same order of magnitude as or\neven larger than the surface tension contribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster expansion for ground states of local Hamiltonians: A central problem in many-body quantum physics is the determination of the\nground state of a thermodynamically large physical system. We construct a\ncluster expansion for ground states of local Hamiltonians, which naturally\nincorporates physical requirements inherited by locality as conditions on its\ncluster amplitudes. Applying a diagrammatic technique we derive the relation of\nthese amplitudes to thermodynamic quantities and local observables. Moreover we\nderive a set of functional equations that determine the cluster amplitudes for\na general Hamiltonian, verify the consistency with perturbation theory and\ndiscuss non-perturbative approaches. Lastly we verify the persistence of\nlocality features of the cluster expansion under unitary evolution with a local\nHamiltonian and provide applications to out-of-equilibrium problems: a\nsimplified proof of equilibration to the GGE and a cumulant expansion for the\nstatistics of work, for an interacting-to-free quench.",
        "positive": "Unusual ergodic and chaotic properties of trapped hard rods: We investigate ergodicity, chaos and thermalization for a one-dimensional\nclassical gas of hard rods confined to an external quadratic or quartic trap,\nwhich breaks microscopic integrability. To quantify the strength of chaos in\nthis system, we compute its maximal Lyapunov exponent numerically. The approach\nto thermal equilibrium is studied by considering the time evolution of particle\nposition and velocity distributions and comparing the late-time profiles with\nthe Gibbs state. Remarkably, we find that quadratically trapped hard rods are\nhighly non-ergodic and do not resemble a Gibbs state even at extremely long\ntimes, despite compelling evidence of chaos for four or more rods. On the other\nhand, our numerical results reveal that hard rods in a quartic trap exhibit\nboth chaos and thermalization, and equilibrate to a Gibbs state as expected for\na nonintegrable many-body system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion-annihilation processes in complex networks: We present a detailed analytical study of the $A+A\\to\\emptyset$\ndiffusion-annihilation process in complex networks. By means of microscopic\narguments, we derive a set of rate equations for the density of $A$ particles\nin vertices of a given degree, valid for any generic degree distribution, and\nwhich we solve for uncorrelated networks. For homogeneous networks (with\nbounded fluctuations), we recover the standard mean-field solution, i.e. a\nparticle density decreasing as the inverse of time. For heterogeneous\n(scale-free networks) in the infinite network size limit, we obtain instead a\ndensity decreasing as a power-law, with an exponent depending on the degree\ndistribution. We also analyze the role of finite size effects, showing that any\nfinite scale-free network leads to the mean-field behavior, with a prefactor\ndepending on the network size. We check our analytical predictions with\nextensive numerical simulations on homogeneous networks with Poisson degree\ndistribution and scale-free networks with different degree exponents.",
        "positive": "Conservation of polymer winding states: a combinatoric approach: The work in this article is inspired by a classical problem: the statistical\nphysical properties of a closed polymer loop that is wound around a rod.\nHistorically the preserved topology of this system has been addressed through\nidentification of similarities with magnetic systems. We treat the topological\ninvariance in terms of a set of rules that describe all augmentations by\nadditional arcs of some fundamental basic loop of a given winding number. These\naugmentations satisfy the Reidemeister move relevant for the polymer with\nrespect to the rod. The topologically constrained polymer partition function is\nnow constructed using the combinatorics of allowed arc additions and their\nappropriate statistical weights. We illustrate how, for winding number 1, we\ncan formally derive expressions for lower and upper bounds on the partition\nfunction. Using the lower bound approximation we investigate a flexible polymer\nloop wound between two slits, calculating the force on the slit as well as the\naverage numbers of arc types in dependence of slit width and separation.\nResults may be extended to higher winding numbers. The intuitive nature of this\ncombinatoric scheme allows the development of a variety of approximations and\ngeneralisations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetics of Fluid Phase Separation: We review understanding of kinetics of fluid phase separation in various\nspace dimensions. Morphological differences, percolating or disconnected, based\non overall composition in a binary liquid or density in a vapor-liquid system,\nhave been pointed out. Depending upon the morphology, various possible\nmechanisms and corresponding theoretical predictions for domain growth are\ndiscussed. On computational front, useful models and simulation methodologies\nhave been presented. Theoretically predicted growth laws have been tested via\nmolecular dynamics simulations of vapor-liquid transitions. In case of\ndisconnected structure, the mechanism has been confirmed directly. This is a\nbrief review on the topic for a special issue on coarsening dynamics, expected\nto appear in Comptes Rendus Physique.",
        "positive": "Spin waves in a one-dimensional spinor Bose gas: We study a one-dimensional (iso)spin 1/2 Bose gas with repulsive\ndelta-function interaction by the Bethe Ansatz method and discuss the\nexcitations above the polarized ground state. In addition to phonons the system\nfeatures spin waves with a quadratic dispersion. We compute analytically and\nnumerically the effective mass of the spin wave and show that the spin\ntransport is greatly suppressed in the strong coupling regime, where the\nisospin-density (or ``spin-charge'') separation is maximal. Using a\nhydrodynamic approach, we study spin excitations in a harmonically trapped\nsystem and discuss prospects for future studies of two-component ultracold\natomic gases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral features of a many-body localized system weakly coupled to a\n  heat bath: We study many-body-localized (MBL) systems that are weakly coupled to\nthermalizing environments, focusing on the spectral functions of local\noperators. We argue that these spectral functions carry signatures of\nlocalization even away from the limit of perfectly isolated systems. We find\nthat, in the limit of vanishing coupling to a bath, MBL systems come in two\nvarieties, with either discrete or continuous local spectra. Both varieties of\nMBL systems exhibit a \"soft gap\" at zero frequency in the spatially-averaged\nspectral functions of local operators, which serves as a diagnostic for\nlocalization. We estimate the degree to which coupling to a bath broadens these\nspectral features, and find that characteristics of incipient localization\nsurvive as long as the system-bath coupling is much weaker than the\ncharacteristic energy scales of the system. Since perfect isolation is\nimpossible, we expect the ideas discussed in this paper to be relevant for all\nexperiments on many-body localization.",
        "positive": "Corner contribution to percolation cluster numbers in three dimensions: In three-dimensional critical percolation we study numerically the number of\nclusters, $N_{\\Gamma}$, which intersect a given subset of bonds, $\\Gamma$. If\n$\\Gamma$ represents the interface between a subsystem and the environment, then\n$N_{\\Gamma}$ is related to the entanglement entropy of the critical diluted\nquantum Ising model. Due to corners in $\\Gamma$ there are singular corrections\nto $N_{\\Gamma}$, which scale as $b_{\\Gamma} \\ln L_{\\Gamma}$, $L_{\\Gamma}$ being\nthe linear size of $\\Gamma$ and the prefactor, $b_{\\Gamma}$, is found to be\nuniversal. This result indicates that logarithmic finite-size corrections exist\nin the free-energy of three-dimensional critical systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Real symmetric random matrices and replicas: Various ensembles of random matrices with independent entries are analyzed by\nthe replica formalism in the large-N limit. A result on the Laplacian random\nmatrix with Wigner-rescaling is generalized to arbitrary probability\ndistribution.",
        "positive": "Free Energy Functional for Nonequilibrium Systems: An Exactly Solvable\n  Case: We consider the steady state of an open system in which there is a flux of\nmatter between two reservoirs at different chemical potentials. For a large\nsystem of size $N$, the probability of any macroscopic density profile\n$\\rho(x)$ is $\\exp[-N{\\cal F}(\\{\\rho\\})]$; ${\\cal F}$ thus generalizes to\nnonequilibrium systems the notion of free energy density for equilibrium\nsystems. Our exact expression for $\\cal F$ is a nonlocal functional of $\\rho$,\nwhich yields the macroscopically long range correlations in the nonequilibrium\nsteady state previously predicted by fluctuating hydrodynamics and observed\nexperimentally."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density of Yang-Lee zeros for the Ising ferromagnet: The densities of Yang-Lee zeros for the Ising ferromagnet on the $L\\times L$\nsquare lattice are evaluated from the exact grand partition functions\n($L=3\\sim16$). The properties of the density of Yang-Lee zeros are discussed as\na function of temperature $T$ and system size $L$. The three different classes\nof phase transitions for the Ising ferromagnet, first-order phase transition,\nsecond-order phase transition, and Yang-Lee edge singularity, are clearly\ndistinguished by estimating the magnetic scaling exponent $y_h$ from the\ndensities of zeros for finite-size systems. The divergence of the density of\nzeros at Yang-Lee edge in high temperatures (Yang-Lee edge singularity), which\nhas been detected only by the series expansion until now for the square-lattice\nIsing ferromagnet, is obtained from the finite-size data. The identification of\nthe orders of phase transitions in small systems is also discussed using the\ndensity of Yang-Lee zeros.",
        "positive": "Geometric approach to inhomogeneous Floquet systems: We present a new geometric approach to Floquet many-body systems described by\ninhomogeneous conformal field theory in 1+1 dimensions. It is based on an exact\ncorrespondence with dynamical systems on the circle that we establish and use\nto prove existence of (non)heating phases characterized by the (absence)\npresence of fixed or higher-periodic points of coordinate transformations\nencoding the time evolution: Heating corresponds to energy and excitations\nconcentrating exponentially fast at unstable such points while nonheating to\npseudoperiodic motion. We show that the heating rate (serving as the order\nparameter for transitions between these two) can have cusps, even within the\noverall heating phase, and that there is a rich structure of phase diagrams\nwith different heating phases distinguishable through kinks in the entanglement\nentropy, reminiscent of Lifshitz phase transitions. Our geometric approach\ngeneralizes previous results for a subfamily of similar systems that used only\nthe $\\mathfrak{sl}(2)$ algebra to general smooth deformations that require the\nfull infinite-dimensional Virasoro algebra, and we argue that it has wider\napplicability, even beyond conformal field theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Renormalization-Group peculiarities of Griffiths and Pearce: What\n  have we learned?: We review what we have learned about the \"Renormalization-Group\npeculiarities\" which were discovered about twenty years ago by Griffiths and\nPearce, and which questions they asked are still widely open. We also mention\nsome related developments.",
        "positive": "Allosteric impurity effects in long spin chains: Allosterism traditionally refers to local changes in an extended object, for\ninstance the binding of a ligand to a macromolecule, leading to a localized\nresponse at some other, possibly quite remote position. Here, we show that such\nfascinating effects may already occur in very simple and common quantum\nmany-body systems, such as an anisotropic Heisenberg spin chain: Introducing an\nimpurity at one end of a sufficiently long chain may lead to quite significant\nchanges of the observable behavior near the other end, but not in the much\nlarger region in between. Specifically, spin autocorrelation functions at\nthermal equilibrium are found to exhibit a pronounced allosterism of this type."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-organization in BML Traffic Flow Model: Analytical Approaches: Analytical investigations are made on BML two-dimensional traffic flow model\nwith alternative movement and exclude-volume effect. Several exact results are\nobtained, including the upper critical density above which there are only\njamming configurations asymptotically, and the lower critical density below\nwhich there are only moving configurations asymptotically. The jamming\ntransition observed in the ensemble average velocity takes place at another\ncritical density $p_{c}(N)$, which is dependent on the lattice size $N$ and is\nin the intermediate region between the lower and upper critical densities. It\nis suggested that $p_{c}(N)$ is proportional to a power of $N$, in good\nagreement with the numerical simulation. The order parameter of this jamming\ntransition is identified.",
        "positive": "Selection, Mutations and Codon Usage in Bacterial Model: We present a statistical model of bacterial evolution based on the coupling\nbetween codon usage and tRNA abundance. Such a model interprets this aspect of\nthe evolutionary process as a balance between the codon homogenization effect\ndue to mutation process and the improvement of the translation phase due to\nnatural selection. We develop a thermodynamical description of the asymptotic\nstate of the model. The analysis of naturally occurring sequences shows that\nthe effect of natural selection on codon bias not only affects genes whose\nproducts are largely required at maximal growth rate conditions but also gene\nproducts that undergo rapid transient increases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonergodicity of $d$-dimensional generalized L\u00e9vy walks and their\n  relation to other space-time coupled models: We investigate the nonergodicity of the generalized L\\'evy walk introduced by\nShlesinger et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1100 (1987)] with respect to the\nsquared displacements. We present detailed analytical derivations of our\nprevious findings outlined in a recent Letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 104501\n(2018)], give profound interpretations, and especially emphasize three\nsurprising results: First, we find that the mean-squared displacements can\ndiverge for a certain range of parameter values. Second, we show that an\nensemble of trajectories can spread subdiffusively, whereas individual\ntime-averaged squared displacements show superdiffusion. Third, we recognize\nthat the fluctuations of the time-averaged squared displacements can become so\nlarge that the ergodicity breaking parameter diverges, what we call infinitely\nstrong ergodicity breaking. The latter phenomenon can also occur for paramter\nvalues where the lag-time dependence of the mean-squared displacements is\nlinear indicating normal diffusion. In order to numerically determine the full\ndistribution of time-averaged squared displacements, we use importance\nsampling. For an embedding of our new findings into existing results in the\nliterature, we define a more general model which we call variable speed\ngeneralized L\\'evy walk and which includes well known models from the\nliterature as special cases such as the space-time coupled L\\'evy flight or the\nanomalous Drude model. We discuss and interpret our findings regarding the\ngeneralized L\\'evy walk in detail and compare them with the nonergodicity of\nthe other space-time coupled models following from the more general model.",
        "positive": "Dynamical fermionization in one-dimensional spinor gases at finite\n  temperature: Following the removal of axial confinement, the momentum distribution of a\nTonks-Girardeau gas approaches that of a system of noninteracting spinless\nfermions in the initial harmonic trap. This phenomenon, called dynamical\nfermionization, has been experimentally confirmed in the case of the\nLieb-Liniger model and theoretically predicted in the case of multicomponent\nsystems at zero temperature. We prove analytically that for all spinor gases\nwith strong repulsive contact interactions at finite temperature the momentum\ndistribution after release from the trap asymptotically approaches that of a\nsystem of spinless fermions at the same temperature but with a renormalized\nchemical potential which depends on the number of components of the spinor\nsystem. In the case of the Gaudin-Yang model we check numerically our\nanalytical predictions using the results obtained from a nonequilibrium\ngeneralization of Lenard's formula describing the time evolution of the\nfield-field correlators."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Creep dynamics of viscoelastic interfaces: The movement of a purely elastic interface driven on a disordered energy\npotential is characterized by a depinning transition: when the pulling force S\nis larger than some critical value S_1 the system is in a flowing regime and\nmoves at a finite velocity. If S < S_1 the interface remains pinned and its\nvelocity is zero. We show that for a one-dimensional interface, the inclusion\nof viscoelastic relaxation produces the appearance of an intervening regime\nbetween the pinned and the flowing phases in a well defined stress interval\nS_0<S<S_1, in which the interface evolves through a sequence of avalanches that\ngive rise to a creep process. As S --> S_0 the creep velocity vanishes in an\nuniversal way that is governed by a directed percolation process. As S --> S_1\nthe creep velocity increases as a power law due to the increase of the typical\nsize of the avalanches. The present observations may serve to improve the\nunderstanding of fatigue failure mechanisms.",
        "positive": "Kinetic induced phase transition: An Ising model with local Glauber dynamics is studied under the influence of\nadditional kinetic restrictions for the spin-flip rates depending on the\norientation of neighboring spins. Even when the static interaction between the\nspins is completely eliminated and only an external field is taken into account\nthe system offers a phase transition at a finite value of the applied field.\nThe transition is realized due to a competition between the activation\nprocesses driven by the field and the dynamical rules for the spin-flips. The\nresult is based on a master equation approach in a quantum formulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Effect of Solutes on the Temperature of Miscibility Transitions in\n  Multi-component Membranes: We address questions posed by experiments which show that most small-chain\nalcohols reduce the miscibility transition temperature when added to giant\nplasma membrane vesicles, but increase that temperature when added to giant\nunilamellar vesicles. In both systems the change in temperature depends\nnon-monotonically on the length of the alcohol chain. To emphasize the roles\nplayed by the internal entropies of the components, we model them as linear\npolymers. We show that, within Flory-Huggins theory, the addition of alcohol\ncauses an increase or decrease of the transition temperature depending upon the\ncompetition of two effects. One is the dilution of the solvent interactions\ncaused by the introduction of solute, which tends to lower the temperature. The\nother is the preference of the solute for one phase or the other, which tends\nto raise the temperature. The magnitude of this term depends on the entropies\nof all components. Lastly we provide a reasonable explanation for the behavior\nof the transition temperature with alcohol chain length observed in experiment.",
        "positive": "Critical Fluctuations at Finite-Time Dynamical Phase Transition: We explore the critical properties of the recently discovered finite-time\ndynamical phase transition in the non-equilibrium relaxation of Ising magnets.\nThe transition is characterized by a sudden switch in the relaxation dynamics\nand it occurs at a sharp critical time. While previous works have focused\neither on mean-field interactions or on investigating the properties of the\ncritical time, we analyze the critical fluctuations at the phase transition in\nthe nearest-neighbor Ising model on a square lattice using Monte Carlo\nsimulations. By means of a finite-size scaling analysis, we extract the\ncritical exponents for the transition. In two spatial dimensions, the exponents\nare consistent with those of the two-dimensional Ising universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Advancements in Milestoning II: Calculating Autocorrelation from\n  Milestoning Data Using Stochastic Path Integrals in Milestone Space: The Milestoning method has achieved great success in the calculation of\nequilibrium kinetic properties such as rate constants from molecular dynamics\nsimulations. The goal of this work is to advance Milestoning into the realm of\nnon-equilibrium statistical mechanics, in particular, the calculation of time\ncorrelation functions. In order to accomplish this, we introduce a novel\nmethodology for obtaining flux through a given milestone configuration as a\nfunction of both time and initial configuration, and build upon it with a novel\nformalism describing autocorrelation for Brownian motion in a discrete\nconfiguration space. The method is then applied to three different test\nsystems: a harmonic oscillator, which we solve analytically, a two well\npotential, which is solved numerically, and an atomistic molecular dynamics\nsimulation of alanine dipeptide.",
        "positive": "Universal amplitude ratios in finite-size scaling: three-dimensional\n  Ising model: Motivated by the results of two-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT) we\ninvestigate the finite-size scaling of the mass spectrum of an Ising model on\nthree-dimensional lattices with a spherical cross section. Using a\ncluster-update Monte Carlo technique we find a linear relation between the\nmasses and the corresponding scaling dimensions, in complete analogy to the\nsituation in two dimensions. Amplitude ratios as well as the amplitudes\nthemselves appear to be universal in this case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One-Dimensional Partially Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process on a Ring\n  with a Defect Particle: The effect of a moving defect particle for the one-dimensional partially\nasymmetric simple exclusion process on a ring is considered. The current of the\nordinary particles, the speed of the defect particle and the density profile of\nthe ordinary particles are calculated exactly. The phase diagram for the\ncorrelation length is identified. As a byproduct, the average and the variance\nof the particle density of the one-dimensional partially asymmetric simple\nexclusion process with open boundaries are also computed.",
        "positive": "Time dependence of breakdown in a global fiber-bundle model with\n  continuous damage: A time-dependent global fiber-bundle model of fracture with continuous damage\nis formulated in terms of a set of coupled non-linear differential equations. A\nfirst integral of this set is analytically obtained. The time evolution of the\nsystem is studied by applying a discrete probabilistic method. Several results\nare discussed emphasizing their differences with the standard time-dependent\nmodel. The results obtained show that with this simple model a variety of\nexperimental observations can be qualitatively reproduced."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The explicit expression of the fugacity for weakly interacting Bose and\n  Fermi gases: In this paper, we calculate the explicit expression for the fugacity for two-\nand three-dimensional weakly interacting Bose and Fermi gases from their\nequations of state in isochoric and isobaric processes, respectively, based on\nthe mathematical result of the boundary problem of analytic functions --- the\nhomogeneous Riemann-Hilbert problem. We also discuss the Bose-Einstein\ncondensation phase transition of three-dimensional hard-sphere Bose gases.",
        "positive": "Crossover behavior and multi-step relaxation in a schematic model of the\n  cut-off glass transition: We study a schematic mode-coupling model in which the ideal glass transition\nis cut off by a decay of the quadratic coupling constant in the memory\nfunction. (Such a decay, on a time scale tau_I, has been suggested as the\nlikely consequence of activated processes.) If this decay is complete, so that\nonly a linear coupling remains at late times, then the alpha relaxation shows a\ntemporal crossover from a relaxation typical of the unmodified schematic model\nto a final strongly slower-than-exponential relaxation. This crossover, which\ndiffers somewhat in form from previous schematic models of the cut-off glass\ntransition, resembles light-scattering experiments on colloidal systems, and\ncan exhibit a `slower-than-alpha' relaxation feature hinted at there. We also\nconsider what happens when a similar but incomplete decay occurs, so that a\nsignificant level of quadratic coupling remains for t>>tau_I. In this case the\ncorrelator acquires a third, weaker relaxation mode at intermediate times. This\nempirically resembles the beta process seen in many molecular glass formers. It\ndisappears when the initial as well as the final quadratic coupling lies on the\nliquid side of the glass transition, but remains present even when the final\ncoupling is only just inside the liquid (so that the alpha relaxation time is\nfinite, but too long to measure). Our results are suggestive of how, in a\ncut-off glass, the underlying `ideal' glass transition predicted by\nmode-coupling theory can remain detectable through qualitative features in\ndynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inflow versus outflow zero-temperature dynamics in one dimension: It has been suggested that Glauber (inflow) and Sznajd (outflow)\nzero-temperature dynamics for the one dimensional Ising ferromagnet with the\nnearest neighbors interactions are equivalent. Here we compare both dynamics\nfrom analytical and computational points of view. We use the method of mapping\nan Ising spin system onto the dimer RSA model and show that already this simple\nmapping allows to see the differences between inflow and outflow\nzero-temperature dynamics. Then we investigate both dynamics with synchronous,\npartially synchronous and random sequential updating using the Monte Carlo\ntechnique and compare both dynamics in terms of the number of persistent spins,\nclusters, mean relaxation time and relaxation time distribution.",
        "positive": "Invariance of Steady State Thermodynamics between Different Scales of\n  Description: By considering general Markov stochastic dynamics and its coarse-graining, we\nstudy the framework of stochastic thermodynamics for the original and reduced\ndescriptions corresponding to different scales. We are especially concerned\nwith the case where the irreversible entropy production has a finite difference\nbetween the scales. We find that the sum of increment of nonequilibrium entropy\nand excess part of entropy production, which are key quantities in construction\nof steady state thermodynamics, is essentially kept invariant with respect to\nthe change in the scales of description. This general result justifies\nexperimental approaches toward steady state thermodynamics based on\ncoarse-grained variables. We demonstrate our result in a mesoscopic heat engine\nsystem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "`Real' vs `Imaginary' Noise in Diffusion-Limited Reactions: Reaction-diffusion systems which include processes of the form A+A->A or\nA+A->0 are characterised by the appearance of `imaginary' multiplicative noise\nterms in an effective Langevin-type description. However, if `real' as well as\n`imaginary' noise is present, then competition between the two could\npotentially lead to novel behaviour. We thus investigate the asymptotic\nproperties of the following two `mixed noise' reaction-diffusion systems. The\nfirst is a combination of the annihilation and scattering processes 2A->0,\n2A->2B, 2B->2A, and 2B->0. We demonstrate (to all orders in perturbation\ntheory) that this system belongs to the same universality class as the single\nspecies annihilation reaction 2A->0. Our second system consists of competing\nannihilation and fission processes, 2A->0 and 2A->(n+2)A, a model which\nexhibits a transition between active and absorbing phases. However, this\ntransition and the active phase are not accessible to perturbative methods, as\nthe field theory describing these reactions is shown to be non-renormalisable.\nThis corresponds to the fact that there is no stationary state in the active\nphase, where the particle density diverges at finite times. We discuss the\nimplications of our analysis for a recent study of another active / absorbing\ntransition in a system with multiplicative noise.",
        "positive": "How long does it take to pull an ideal polymer into a small hole?: We present scaling estimates for characteristic times $\\tau_{\\rm lin}$ and\n$\\tau_{\\rm br}$ of pulling ideal linear and randomly branched polymers of $N$\nmonomers into a small hole by a force $f$. We show that the absorbtion process\ndevelops as sequential straightening of folds of the initial polymer\nconfiguration. By estimating the typical size of the fold involved into the\nmotion, we arrive at the following predictions: $\\tau_{\\rm lin}(N) \\sim\nN^{3/2}/f$ and $\\tau_{\\rm br}(N) \\sim N^{5/4}/f$, and we also confirm them by\nthe molecular dynamics experiment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Market simulation with hierarchical information flux: We assume the market price to diffuse in a hierarchical comb of barriers, the\nheights of which represent the importance of new information entering the\nmarket. We find fat tails with the desired exponent for the price change\ndistribution, and effective multifractality for intermediate times.",
        "positive": "Irreversible Circulation of Fluctuation and Entropy Production: Physical and chemical stochastic processes described by the master equation\nare investigated. In this paper, we examine the entropy production both for the\nmaster equation and for the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation. For the\nmaster equation, the exact expression of the entropy production was recently\nderived by Gaspard using the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy ({\\em J.Stat.Phys.},\n\\textbf{117} (2004), 599; [Errata; \\textbf{126} (2006), 1109 ]). Although\nGaspard's expression is derived from a stochastic consideration, it should be\nnoted that Gaspard's expression conincides with the thermodynamical expression.\nFor the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation, by using the detailed imbalance\nrelation which appears in the derivation process of the fluctuation theorem\nthrough the Onsger-Machlup theory, the entropy production is expressed in terms\nof the {\\em irreversible circulation of fluctuation}, which was proposed by\nTomita and Tomita ({\\em Prog.Theor.Phys.}, \\textbf{51} (1974), 1731). However,\nthis expression for the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation differs from that\nof the entropy production for the master equation. This discrepancy is due to\nthe difference between the master equation and the corresponding Fokker-Planck\nequation, namely the former treats discrete events, but the latter equation is\nan approximation of the former one. In fact, in the latter equation, the\noriginal discrete events are smoothed out. To overcome this difficulty, we\npropose the {\\em path weight principle}. By using this principle, the modified\nexpression of the entropy production for the corresponding Fokker-Planck\nequation coincides with that of the master equation (i.e., the thermodynamical\nexpression) for a simple chemical reaction system and a diffusion system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computing chemical potentials of solutions from structure factors: The chemical potential of a component in a solution is defined as the free\nenergy change as the amount of the component changes. Computing this\nfundamental thermodynamic property from atomistic simulations is notoriously\ndifficult, because of the convergence issues in free energy methods and finite\nsize effects. This paper presents the S0 method, which can be used to obtain\nchemical potentials from static structure factors computed from equilibrium\nmolecular dynamics simulations under the isothermal-isobaric ensemble. The S0\nmethod is demonstrated on the systems of binary Lennard-Jones particles,\nurea--water mixtures, a NaCl aqueous solution, and a high-pressure\ncarbon-hydrogen mixture.",
        "positive": "Sound modes broadening for Fibonacci one dimensional quasicrystals: We investigate vibrational excitation broadening in one dimensional Fibonacci\nmodel of quasicrystals (QCs). The chain is constructed from particles with two\nmasses following the Fibonacci inflation rule. The eigenmode spectrum depends\ncrucially on the mass ratio. We calculate the eigenstates and eigenfunctions.\nAll calculations performed self-consistently within the regular expansion over\nthe three wave coupling constant. The approach can be extended to three\ndimensional systems. We find that in the intermediate range of mode coupling\nconstants, three-wave broadening for the both types of systems (1D Fibonacci\nand 3D QCs) depends universally on frequency. Our general qualitative\nconclusion is that for a system with a non-simple elementary cell phonon\nspectrum broadening is always larger than for a system with a primitive cell\n(provided all other characteristics are the same)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Thought Construction of Working Perpetuum Mobile of the Second Kind: A previously published model of the isothermal Maxwell demon as one of models\nof open quantum systems endowed with faculty of selforganization is\nreconstructed here. It describes an open quantum system interacting with a\nsingle thermodynamic bath but otherwise not aided from outside. Its activity is\ngiven by the standard linear Liouville equation for the system and bath. Owing\nto its selforganization property, the model then yields cyclic conversion of\nheat from the bath into mechanical work without compensation. Hence, it\nprovides an explicit thought construction of perpetuum mobile of the second\nkind, contradicting thus the Thomson formulation of the second law of\nthermodynamics. No approximation is involved as a special scaling procedure is\nused which makes the kinetic equations employed exact.",
        "positive": "Coarse-grained Simulations of Chemical Oscillation in a Lattice\n  Brusselator System: Accelerated coarse-graining (CG) algorithms for simulating heterogeneous\nchemical reactions on surface systems have recently gained much attention. In\nthe present paper, we consider such an issue by investigating the oscillation\nbehavior of a two-dimension (2D) lattice-gas Brusselator model. We have adopted\na coarse-grained Kinetic Monte Carlo (CG-KMC) procedure, where $m \\times m$\nmicroscopic lattice sites are grouped together to form a CG cell, upon which CG\nprocesses take place with well-defined CG rates. We find that, however, such a\nCG approach almost fails if the CG rates are obtained by a simple local mean\nfield ($s$-LMF) approximation, due to the ignorance of correlation among\nadjcent cells resulted from the trimolecular reaction in this nonlinear system.\nBy properly incorporating such boundary effects, we thus introduce the\nso-called $b$-LMF CG approach. Extensive numerical simulations demonstrate that\nthe $b$-LMF method can reproduce the oscillation behavior of the system quite\nwell, given that the diffusion constant is not too small. In addition, we find\nthat the deviation from the KMC results reaches a nearly zero minimum level at\nan intermediate cell size, which lies in between the effective diffusion length\nand the minimal size required to sustain a well-defined temporal oscillation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information driven current in a quantum Maxwell demon: We describe a minimal model of a quantum Maxwell demon obeying Hamiltonian\ndynamics. The model is solved exactly, and we analyze its steady-state\nbehavior. We find that writing information to a quantum memory induces a\nprobability current through the demon, which is the quantum analog of the\nclassical Maxwell demon's action. Our model offers a simple and pedagogical\nparadigm for investigating the thermodynamics of quantum information\nprocessing.",
        "positive": "Universal performance bounds of restart: As has long been known to computer scientists, the performance of\nprobabilistic algorithms characterized by relatively large runtime fluctuations\ncan be improved by applying a restart, i.e., episodic interruption of a\nrandomized computational procedure followed by initialization of its new\nstatistically independent realization. A similar effect of restart-induced\nprocess acceleration could potentially be possible in the context of enzymatic\nreactions, where dissociation of the enzyme-substrate intermediate corresponds\nto restarting the catalytic step of the reaction. To date, a significant number\nof analytical results have been obtained in physics and computer science\nregarding the effect of restart on the completion time statistics in various\nmodel problems, however, the fundamental limits of restart efficiency remain\nunknown. Here we derive a range of universal statistical inequalities that\noffer constraints on the effect that restart could impose on the completion\ntime of a generic stochastic process. The corresponding bounds are expressed\nvia simple statistical metrics of the original process such as harmonic mean\n$h$, median value $m$ and mode $M$, and, thus, are remarkably practical. We\ntest our analytical predictions with multiple numerical examples, discuss\nimplications arising from them and important avenues of future work."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Liouvillian-gap analysis of open quantum many-body systems in the weak\n  dissipation limit: Recent experiments have reported that novel physics emerge in open quantum\nmany-body sys- tems due to an interplay of interactions and dissipation, which\nstimulate theoretical studies of the many-body Lindblad equation. Although the\nstrong dissipation regime receives considerable in- terest in this context,\nthis work focuses on the weak bulk dissipation. By examining the spectral\nproperty of the many-body Lindblad generator for specific models, we find that\nits spectral gap shows singularity in the weak dissipation limit when the\nthermodynamic limit is taken first. Based on analytical arguments and numerical\ncalculations, we conjecture that such a singularity is generic in\nbulk-dissipated quantum many-body systems and is related to the concept of the\nRuelle-Pollicott resonance in chaos theory, which determines the timescale of\nthermalization of an isolated system. This conjecture suggests that the\nmany-body Lindblad equation in the weak dissipation regime contains nontrivial\ninformation on intrinsic properties of a quantum many-body system.",
        "positive": "Galvano- and thermo-magnetic effects at low and high temperatures within\n  non-Markovian quantum Langevin approach: The quantum Langevin formalism is used to study the charge carrier transport\nin a twodimensional sample. The center of mass of charge carriers is visualized\nas a quantum particle, while an environment acts as a heat bath coupled to it\nthrough the particle-phonon interaction. The dynamics of the charge carriers is\nlimited by the average collision time which takes effectively into account the\ntwo-body effects. The functional dependencies of particle-phonon interaction\nand average collision time on the temperature and magnetic field are\nphenomenologically treated. The galvano-magnetic and thermo-magnetic effects in\nthe quantum system appear as the result of the transitional processes at low\ntemperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Integer characteristic polynomial factorization and Hilbert space\n  fragmentation: Models with Hilbert space fragmentation are characterized by (exponentially)\nmany dynamically disconnected subspaces, not associated with conventional\nsymmetries but captured by nontrivial Krylov subspaces. These subspaces usually\nexhibit a whole range of thermalization properties, from chaotic to integrable,\nto quantum many-body scars. However, so far, they have not been properly\ndefined, nor can they be easily found, given a Hamiltonian. In this work, we\nconsider Hamiltonians that have integer representations, a common feature of\nmany (most) celebrated models in condensed matter. We show the equivalence of\nthe integer characteristic polynomial factorization and the existence of Krylov\nsubspaces generated from integer vectors. Considering the pair-hopping model,\nwe illustrate how the factorization property can be used as a method to unveil\nHilbert space fragmentation. We discuss the generalization over other rings of\nintegers, for example those based on the cyclotomic field which are relevant\nwhen working in a given ($\\ne 0, \\pi$) momentum sector.",
        "positive": "Effects of Collectively Induced Scattering of Gas Stream by Impurity\n  Ensembles: Shock-Wave Enhancement and Disorder-Stimulated Nonlinear Screening: We report on specific effects of collective scattering for a cloud of heavy\nimpurities exposed to a gas stream. Formation is presented of a common density\nperturbation and shock waves, both generated collectively by a system of\nscatterers at sudden application of the stream-inducing external field. Our\nresults demonstrate that (i) the scattering of gas stream can be essentially\namplified, due to nonlinear collective effects, upon fragmentation of a solid\nobstacle into a cluster of impurities (heterogeneously fractured obstacle);\n(ii) a cluster of disordered impurities can produce considerably stronger\nscattering accompanied by enhanced and accelerated shock wave, as compared to a\nregularly ordered cluster. We also show that the final steady-state density\ndistribution is formed as a residual perturbation left after the shock front\npassage. In particular, a kink-like steady distribution profile can be formed\nas a result of shock front stopping effect. The possibility of the onset of\nsolitary diffusive density-waves, reminiscent of precursor solitons, is shown\nand briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heteroskedastic Levy Flights: Truncated L\\'{e}vy flights are random walks in which the arbitrarily large\nsteps of a L\\'{e}vy flight are eliminated. Since this makes the variance\nfinite, the central limit theorem applies, and as time increases the\nprobability distribution of the increments becomes Gaussian. Here, truncated\nL\\'{e}vy flights with correlated fluctuations of the variance\n(heteroskedasticity) are considered. What makes these processes interesting is\nthe fact that the crossover to the Gaussian regime may occur for times\nconsiderably larger than for uncorrelated (or no) variance fluctuations. These\nprocesses may find direct application in the modeling of some economic time\nseries.",
        "positive": "Attenuation of the NMR signal in a field gradient due to stochastic\n  dynamics with memory: The attenuation function S(t) for an ensemble of spins in a magnetic-field\ngradient is calculated by accumulation of the phase shifts in the rotating\nframe resulting from the displacements of spin-bearing particles. The found\nS(t), expressed through the particle mean square displacement, is applicable\nfor any kind of stationary stochastic motion of spins, including their\nnon-markovian dynamics with memory. The known expressions valid for normal and\nanomalous diffusion are obtained as special cases in the long time\napproximation. The method is also applicable to the NMR pulse sequences based\non the refocusing principle. This is demonstrated by describing the Hahn spin\necho experiment. The attenuation of the NMR signal is also evaluated providing\nthat the random motion of particle is modeled by the generalized Langevin\nequation with the memory kernel exponentially decaying in time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Moment Equations for a Spatially Extended System of Two Competing\n  Species: The dynamics of a spatially extended system of two competing species in the\npresence of two noise sources is studied. A correlated dichotomous noise acts\non the interaction parameter and a multiplicative white noise affects directly\nthe dynamics of the two species. To describe the spatial distribution of the\nspecies we use a model based on Lotka-Volterra (LV) equations. By writing them\nin a mean field form, the corresponding moment equations for the species\nconcentrations are obtained in Gaussian approximation. In this formalism the\nsystem dynamics is analyzed for different values of the multiplicative noise\nintensity. Finally by comparing these results with those obtained by direct\nsimulations of the time discrete version of LV equations, that is coupled map\nlattice (CML) model, we conclude that the anticorrelated oscillations of the\nspecies densities are strictly related to non-overlapping spatial patterns.",
        "positive": "Two-species diffusion-annihilation process on the fully-connected\n  lattice: probability distributions and extreme value statistics: We study the two-species diffusion-annihilation process, $A+B\\rightarrow$ \\O,\non the fully-connected lattice. Probability distributions for the number of\nparticles and the reaction time are obtained for a finite-size system using a\nmaster equation approach. Mean values and variances are deduced from generating\nfunctions. When the reaction is far from complete, i.e., for a large number of\nparticles of each species, mean-field theory is exact and the fluctuations are\nGaussian. In the scaling limit the reaction time displays extreme-value\nstatistics in the vicinity of the absorbing states. A generalized Gumbel\ndistribution is obtained for unequal initial densities, $\\rho_A>\\rho_B$. For\nequal or almost equal initial densities, $\\rho_A\\simeq\\rho_B$, the fluctuations\nof the reaction time near the absorbing state are governed by a probability\ndensity involving derivatives of $\\vartheta_4$, the Jacobi theta function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Minimal Model for Carnot Efficiency at Maximum Power: Carnot efficiency sets a fundamental upper bound on the heat engine\nefficiency, attainable in the quasi-static limit, albeit at the cost of\ncompletely sacrificing power output. In this Letter, we present a minimal heat\nengine model that can attain Carnot efficiency while achieving maximum power\noutput. We unveil the potential of intrinsic divergent physical quantities\nwithin the working substance, such as degeneracy, as promising thermodynamic\nresources to break through the universal power-efficiency trade-off imposed by\nnonequilibrium thermodynamics for conventional heat engines. Our findings\nprovide novel insights into the collective advantage in harnessing energy of\nmany-body interacting systems.",
        "positive": "Critical exponents for higher order phase transitions: Landau theory and\n  RG flow: In this work, we define and calculate critical exponents associated with\nhigher order thermodynamic phase transitions. Such phase transitions can be\nclassified into two classes: with or without a local order parameter. For phase\ntransitions involving a local order parameter, we write down the Landau theory\nand calculate critical exponents using the saddle point approximation. Further,\nwe investigate fluctuations about the saddle point and demarcate when such\nfluctuations dominate over saddle point calculations by introducing the\ngeneralized Ginzburg criteria. We use Wilsonian RG to derive scaling forms for\nobservables near criticality and obtain scaling relations between the critical\nexponents. Afterwards, we find out fixed points of the RG flow using the\none-loop beta function and calculate critical exponents about the fixed points\nfor third and fourth order phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ice Rule Fragility via Topological Charge Transfer in Artificial\n  Colloidal Ice: Artificial particle ices are model systems of constrained, interacting\nparticles. They have been introduced theoretically to study ice-manifolds\nemergent from frustration, along with domain wall and grain boundary dynamics,\ndoping, pinning-depinning, controlled transport of topological defects,\navalanches, and memory effects. Recently such particle-based ices have been\nexperimentally realized with vortices in nano-patterned superconductors or\ngravitationally trapped colloids. Here we demonstrate that, although these ices\nare generally considered equivalent to magnetic spin ices, they can access a\nnovel spectrum of phenomenologies that are inaccessible to the latter. With\nexperiments, theory and simulations we demonstrate that in mixed coordination\ngeometries, entropy-driven negative monopoles spontaneously appear at a density\ndetermined by the vertex-mixture ratio. Unlike its spin-based analogue, the\ncolloidal system displays a \"fragile ice\" manifold, where local energetics\noppose the ice rule, which is instead enforced through conservation of the\nglobal topological charge. The fragile colloidal ice, stabilized by topology,\ncan be spontaneously broken by topological charge transfer.",
        "positive": "The second law, maximum entropy production and Liouville's theorem: In 1965 Jaynes provided an intuitively simple proof of the 2nd law of\nthermodynamics as a general requirement for any macroscopic transition to be\nexperimentally reproducible. His proof was based on Boltzmann's formula S =\nklnW and the dynamical invariance of the phase volume W for isolated systems\n(Liouville's theorem). Here Jaynes' proof is extended to show that Liouville's\ntheorem also implies maximum entropy production (MaxEP) for the stationary\nstates of open, non-equilibrium systems. According to this proof, MaxEP\nstationary states are selected because they can exist within a greater number\nof environments than any other stationary states. Liouville's theorem applied\nto isolated systems also gives an intuitive derivation of the fluctuation\ntheorem in a form consistent with an earlier conjecture by Jaynes on the\nprobability of violations of the 2nd law. The present proof of MaxEP, while\nlargely heuristic, suggests an approach to establishing a more fundamental\nbasis for MaxEP using Jaynes' maximum entropy formulation of statistical\nmechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Paradoxical nature of negative mobility in the weak dissipation regime: We reinvestigate a paradigmatic model of nonequilibrium statistical physics\nconsisting of an inertial Brownian particle in a symmetric periodic potential\nsubjected to both a time--periodic force and a static bias. In doing so we\nfocus on the negative mobility phenomenon in which the average velocity of the\nparticle is opposite to the constant force acting on it. Surprisingly, we find\nthat in the weak dissipation regime thermal fluctuations induce negative\nmobility much more frequently than it happens if the dissipation is stronger.\nIn particular, for the very first time we report a parameter set in which\nthermal noise causes this effect in the nonlinear response regime. Moreover, we\nshow that the coexistence of deterministic negative mobility and chaos is\nroutinely encountered when approaching the overdamped limit in which chaos does\nnot emerge rather than near the Hamiltonian regime of which chaos is one of the\nhallmarks. On the other hand, at non-zero temperature the negative mobility in\nthe weak dissipation regime is typically affected by the weak ergodicity\nbreaking. Our findings can be corroborated experimentally in a multitude of\nphysical realizations including e.g.~Josephson junctions and cold atoms\ndwelling in optical lattices.",
        "positive": "Full Record Statistics of 1d Random Walks: We develop a comprehensive framework for analyzing full record statistics,\ncovering record counts $M(t_1), M(t_2), \\ldots$, and their corresponding\nattainment times $T_{M(t_1)}, T_{M(t_2)}, \\ldots$, as well as the intervals\nuntil the next record. From this multiple-time distribution, we derive general\nexpressions for various observables related to record dynamics, including the\nconditional number of records given the number observed at a previous time and\nthe conditional time required to reach the current record, given the occurrence\ntime of the previous one. Our formalism is exemplified by a variety of\nstochastic processes, including biased nearest-neighbor random walks,\nasymmetric run-and-tumble dynamics, and random walks with stochastic resetting."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian magneto-gyrator as a tunable microengine: A Brownian particle performs gyrating motion around a potential energy\nminimum when subjected to thermal noises from two different heat baths. Here,\nwe propose a magneto-gyrator made of a single charged Brownian particle that is\nsteered by an external magnetic field. Key properties, such as the direction of\ngyration, the torque exerted by the engine on the confining potential and the\nmaximum power delivered by the microengine can be tuned by varying the strength\nand direction of the applied magnetic field. Further tunability is obtained by\nrotating the potential in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the\nmagnetic filed. We show that in this generic scenario, the microengine can be\nstalled and even reversed by the magnetic field. Finally, we highlight a\nproperty of the magneto-gyrator that has no counterpart in the overdamped\napproximation--the heat loss from the hot to cold bath requires explicit\nknowledge of the mass of the particle. Consequently, the efficiency of the\nmicroengine is mass-dependent even in the overdamped limit.",
        "positive": "Simple field theoretical approach of Coulomb systems. Entropic effects: We discuss a new simple field theory approach of Coulomb systems. Using a\ndescription in terms of fields, we introduce in a new way the statistical\ndegrees of freedom in relation with the quantum mechanics. We show on a series\nof examples that these fundamental entropic effects can help account for\nphysical phenomena in relation with Coulomb systems whether symmetric or also\nasymmetric in valence. On the overall, this gives a new understanding of these\nsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimized Forest-Ruth- and Suzuki-like algorithms for integration of\n  motion in many-body systems: An approach is proposed to improve the efficiency of fourth-order algorithms\nfor numerical integration of the equations of motion in molecular dynamics\nsimulations. The approach is based on an extension of the decomposition scheme\nby introducing extra evolution subpropagators. The extended set of parameters\nof the integration is then determined by reducing the norm of truncation terms\nto a minimum. In such a way, we derive new explicit symplectic Forest-Ruth- and\nSuzuki-like integrators and present them in time-reversible velocity and\nposition forms. It is proven that these optimized integrators lead to the best\naccuracy in the calculations at the same computational cost among all possible\nalgorithms of the fourth order from a given decomposition class. It is shown\nalso that the Forest-Ruth-like algorithms, which are based on direct\ndecomposition of exponential propagators, provide better optimization than\ntheir Suzuki-like counterparts which represent compositions of second-order\nschemes. In particular, using our optimized Forest-Ruth-like algorithms allows\nus to increase the efficiency of the computations more than in ten times with\nrespect to that of the original integrator by Forest and Ruth, and\napproximately in five times with respect to Suzuki's approach. The theoretical\npredictions are confirmed in molecular dynamics simulations of a Lennard-Jones\nfluid. A special case of the optimization of the proposed Forest-Ruth-like\nalgorithms to celestial mechanics simulations is considered as well.",
        "positive": "Many-Body Quantum Interference and the Saturation of Out-of-Time-Order\n  Correlators: Out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) have been proposed as sensitive probes\nfor chaos in interacting quantum systems. They exhibit a characteristic\nclassical exponential growth, but saturate beyond the so-called scrambling or\nEhrenfest time $\\tau_{\\rm E}$ in the quantum correlated regime. Here we present\na path-integral approach for the entire time evolution of OTOCs for bosonic\n$N$-particle systems. We first show how the growth of OTOCs up to $\\tau_{\\rm E}\n= (1/\\lambda) \\log N$ is related to the Lyapunov exponent $\\lambda$ of the\ncorresponding chaotic mean-field dynamics in the semiclassical large-$N$ limit.\nBeyond $\\tau_{\\rm E}$, where simple mean-field approaches break down, we\nidentify the underlying quantum mechanism responsible for the saturation. To\nthis end we express OTOCs by coherent sums over contributions from different\nmean-field solutions and compute the dominant many-body interference term\namongst them. Our method further applies to the complementary semiclassical\nlimit $\\hbar \\rightarrow 0$ for fixed $N$, including quantum-chaotic single-\nand few-particle systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-dimensional random tilings of large codimension: new progress: Two-dimensional random tilings of rhombi can be seen as projections of\ntwo-dimensional membranes embedded in hypercubic lattices of higher dimensional\nspaces. Here, we consider tilings projected from a $D$-dimensional space. We\nstudy the limiting case, when the quantity $D$, and therefore the number of\ndifferent species of tiles, become large. We had previously demonstrated [ICQ6]\nthat, in this limit, the thermodynamic properties of the tiling become\nindependent of the boundary conditions. The exact value of the limiting entropy\nand finite $D$ corrections remain open questions. Here, we develop a mean-field\ntheory, which uses an iterative description of the tilings based on an analogy\nwith avoiding oriented walks on a random tiling. We compare the quantities\nso-obtained with numerical calculations. We also discuss the role of spatial\ncorrelations.",
        "positive": "Diffusion in the Presence of Correlated Returns in a Two-dimensional\n  Energy Landscape and non-Monotonic Friction Dependence: Examination of\n  Simulation Results by a Random Walk Model: Diffusion in a multidimensional energy surface with minima and barriers is a\nproblem of importance in statistical mechanics and also has wide applications,\nsuch as protein folding. To understand it in such a system, we carry out theory\nand simulations of a tagged particle moving on a two-dimensional periodic\npotential energy surface, both in the presence and absence of noise. Langevin\ndynamics simulations at multiple temperatures are carried out to obtain the\ndiffusion coefficient of a solute particle. Friction is varied from zero to\nlarge values. Diffusive motion emerges in the limit of long times, even in the\nabsence of noise, although the trajectory is found to remain correlated over a\nlong time. This correlation is manifested in correlated returns to the starting\nminima following a scattering by surrounding maxima. Noise destroys this\ncorrelation, induces chaos, and increases diffusion at small friction.\nDiffusion thus exhibits a non-monotonic friction dependence at the intermediate\nvalue of the damping, ultimately converging to our theoretically predicted\nvalue. The latter is obtained by using the well-established relation between\ndiffusion and random walk. An excellent agreement is obtained between theory\nand simulations in the high friction limit, but not so in the intermediate\nregime. The rate of escape from one cell to another is obtained from the\nmultidimensional rate theory of Langer. We find that enhanced dimensionality\nplays an important role. In order to quantify the effects of noise on the\npotential-imposed coherence on the trajectories, we calculate the Lyapunov\nexponent. At small friction values, the Lyapunov exponent mimics the friction\ndependence of the rate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On non-stability of one-dimensional non-periodic ground states: We address the problem of stability of one-dimensional non-periodic\nground-state configurations with respect to finite-range perturbations of\ninteractions in classical lattice-gas models. We show that a relevant property\nof non-periodic ground-state configurations in this context is their\nhomogeneity. The so-called strict boundary condition says that the number of\nfinite patterns of a configuration have bounded fluctuations on any finite\nsubsets of the lattice. We show that if the strict boundary condition is not\nsatisfied, then in order for non-periodic ground-state configurations to be\nstable, interactions between particles should not decay faster than\n$1/r^{\\alpha}$ with $\\alpha>2$. In the Thue-Morse ground state, number of\nfinite patterns may fluctuate as much as the logarithm of the lenght of a\nlattice subset. We show that the Thue-Morse ground state is unstable for any\n$\\alpha >1$ with respect to arbitrarily small two-body interactions favoring\nthe presence of molecules consisting of two spins up or down. We also\ninvestigate Sturmian systems defined by irrational rotations on the circle.\nThey satisfy the strict boundary condition but nevertheless they are unstable\nfor $\\alpha>3$.",
        "positive": "Exact analytical solution of average path length for Apollonian networks: The exact formula for the average path length of Apollonian networks is\nfound. With the help of recursion relations derived from the self-similar\nstructure, we obtain the exact solution of average path length, $\\bar{d}_t$,\nfor Apollonian networks. In contrast to the well-known numerical result\n$\\bar{d}_t \\propto (\\ln N_t)^{3/4}$ [Phys. Rev. Lett. \\textbf{94}, 018702\n(2005)], our rigorous solution shows that the average path length grows\nlogarithmically as $\\bar{d}_t \\propto \\ln N_t$ in the infinite limit of network\nsize $N_t$. The extensive numerical calculations completely agree with our\nclosed-form solution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dual-species quantum degeneracy of potassium-40 and rubidium-87 on an\n  atom chip: In this article we review our recent experiments with a 40K-87Rb mixture. We\ndemonstrate rapid sympathetic cooling of a 40K-87Rb mixture to dual quantum\ndegeneracy on an atom chip. We also provide details on efficient BEC\nproduction, species-selective magnetic confinement, and progress toward\nintegration of an optical lattice with an atom chip. The efficiency of our\nevaporation allows us to reach dual degeneracy after just 6 s of evaporation -\nmore rapidly than in conventional magnetic traps. When optimizing evaporative\ncooling for efficient evaporation of 87Rb alone we achieve BEC after just 4 s\nof evaporation and an 8 s total cycle time.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of bosons systems related to Dunkl\n  differential-difference operators: We study the thermodynamics of systems based on a Fock space representation\ninspired by the differential-difference operators proposed in Ref.\n\\cite{Dunkl}. We calculate thermodynamic functions as the entropy and heat\ncapacity and compare them with the standard boson case. A calculation of the\nsecond virial coefficient and the scalar curvature in two and three dimensions\nshow that these systems becomes repulsive within an interval of negative values\nof the reflection operator parameter $\\mu_0$. In addition, the stability of\nthis system is examined as a function of $\\mu_0$"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Work Done by an External Field: From the change in kinetic energy induced by an external field, we discuss\nthe applicable conditions for the Mott-Davis and Moseley-Lukes form of the\nKubo-Greenwood formula (KGF) for the electrical conductivity which has been\nimplemented in \\textit{ab initio} codes. We show that the simplified KGF is\nsuitable only for computing the AC conductivity at sufficiently high frequency\nand when the gradient of the carrier density is small.",
        "positive": "Ising and anisotropic Heisenberg magnets with mobile defects: Motivated by experiments on (Sr,Ca,La)_14 Cu_24 O_41, a two-dimensional Ising\nmodel with mobile defects and a two-dimensional anisotropic Heisenberg\nantiferromagnet have been proposed and studied recently. We extend previous\ninvestigations by analysing phase diagrams of both models in external fields\nusing mainly Monte Carlo techniques. In the Ising case, the phase transition is\ndue to the thermal instability of defect stripes, in the Heisenberg case\nadditional spin-flop structures play an essential role."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The S$_0$(0) structure in highly compressed hydrogen and the\n  orientational transition: A calculation of the rotational S$_0$(0) frequencies in high pressure solid\npara-hydrogen is performed. Convergence of the perturbative series at high\ndensity is demonstrated by the calculation of second and third order terms. The\nresults of the theory are compared with the available experimental data to\nderive the density behaviour of structural parameters. In particular, a strong\nincrease of the value of the lattice constant ratio $c/a$ and of the\ninternuclear distance is determined. Also a decrease of the anisotropic\nintermolecular potential is observed which is attributed to charge transfer\neffects. The structural parameters determined at the phase transition may be\nused to calculate quantum properties of the rotationally ordered phase.",
        "positive": "Ultrametric theory of conformational dynamics of protein molecules in a\n  functional state and the description of experiments on the kinetics of CO\n  binding to myoglobin: The paper is devoted to a systematic account of the theory of conformational\ndynamics of protein molecules. As an example of application of this theory, we\nprovide a complete analytical description of experiments on the kinetics of CO\nbinding to myoglobin, which were carried out by the group of Frauenfelder more\nthan 30 years ago and acquired the status of base experiments for studying the\nproperties of the fluctuation dynamic mobility of protein molecules. As early\nas 2001, the authors could demonstrate that, within the model of ultrametric\nrandom walk with a reaction sink, the experimental curves of CO binding to\nmyoglobin can be reproduced in the high-temperature region. Later, in 2010, the\nauthors proposed a modified model and, based on its numerical analysis,\ndemonstrated that this model can reproduces the experimental results over the\nwhole temperature range covered in the experiment. In the present study, based\non the previously proposed model, we formulate a rigorous mathematical theory\nof conformational dynamics of protein molecules. We demonstrate that the\nproposed theory provides not only a complete description of the experiment over\nthe whole temperature range of $\\left(60\\div300\\right)$ K and in the\nobservation time window of $\\left(10^{-7}\\div10^{2}\\right)$ s but also a\nunified picture of the conformational mobility of a protein molecule, as well\nas allows one to realize the fact that the mobility changes in a self-similar\nway. This specific feature of protein molecules, which has remained hidden to\ndate, significantly expands the ideas of dynamic symmetry that proteins\napparently possess. In addition, we show that the model provides a prediction\nfor the behavior of the kinetic curves of the experiment in the low-temperature\nrange of $\\left(60\\div180\\right)$ K at times not covered by the experiment\n(more than $10^{2}$ s)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Osmotic Pressure of Solutions Containing Flexible Polymers Subject to an\n  Annealed Molecular Weight Distribution: The osmotic pressure $P$ in equilibrium polymers (EP) in good solvent is\ninvestigated by means of a three dimensional off-lattice Monte Carlo\nsimulation. Our results compare well with real space renormalisation group\ntheory and the osmotic compressibility $K \\propto \\phi \\upd \\phi/\\upd P$ from\nrecent light scattering study of systems of long worm-like micelles. We confirm\nthe scaling predictions for EP based on traditional physics of quenched\nmonodisperse polymers in the dilute and semidilute limit. Specifically, we find\n$P\\propto \\phi^{2.3}$ and, hence, $K \\propto \\phi^{-0.3}$ in the semidilute\nregime --- in agreement with both theory and experiment. At higher\nconcentrations where the semidilute blobs become too small and hard-core\ninteractions and packing effects become dominant, a much stronger increase %\n$\\log(P/\\phi)\\approx \\log(\\Nav^2/\\phi) \\propto \\phi$ is evidenced and,\nconsequently, the compressibility decreases much more rapidly with $\\phi$ than\npredicted from semidilute polymer theory, but again in agreement with\nexperiment.",
        "positive": "Thermal conductivity of nonlinear waves in disordered chains: We present computational data on the thermal conductivity of nonlinear waves\nin disordered chains. Disorder induces Anderson localization for linear waves\nand results in a vanishing conductivity. Cubic nonlinearity restores normal\nconductivity, but with a strongly temperature-dependent conductivity\n$\\kappa(T)$. We find indications for an asymptotic low-temperature $\\kappa \\sim\nT^4$ and intermediate temperature $\\kappa \\sim T^2$ laws. These findings are in\naccord with theoretical studies of wave packet spreading, where a regime of\nstrong chaos is found to be intermediate, followed by an asymptotic regime of\nweak chaos (EPL 91 (2010) 30001)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic Dynamics in a Strongly Interacting Bose-Einstein Condensate: An initially stable 85Rb Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) was subjected to a\ncarefully controlled magnetic field pulse in the vicinity of a Feshbach\nresonance. This pulse probed the strongly interacting regime for the\ncondensate, with calculated values for the diluteness parameter (na^3) ranging\nfrom 0.01 to 0.5. The field pulse was observed to cause loss of atoms from the\ncondensate on remarkably short time scales (>=10 microsec). The dependence of\nthis loss on magnetic field pulse shape and amplitude was measured. For\ntriangular pulses shorter than 1 ms, decreasing the pulse length actually\nincreased the loss, until extremely short time scales (a few tens of\nmicroseconds) were reached. Such time scales and dependencies are very\ndifferent from those expected in traditional condensate inelastic loss\nprocesses, suggesting the presence of new microscopic BEC physics.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamic behavior near dynamical criticality of a facilitated\n  conservative lattice gas: We investigate a $2d$-conservative lattice gas exhibiting a dynamical\nactive-absorbing phase transition with critical density $\\rho_c$. We derive the\nhydrodynamic equation for this model, showing that all critical exponents\ngoverning the large scale behavior near criticality can be obtained from two\nindependent ones. We show that as the supercritical density approaches\ncriticality, distinct length scales naturally appear. Remarkably, this behavior\nis different from the subcritical one. Numerical simulations support the\ncritical relations and the scale separation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo study of phase transitions out of Symmetry-Enriched\n  Topological phases of bosons in two dimensions: We study a statistical mechanics model of two species of bosons with mutual\nstatistics $\\theta=2\\pi/n$ in (2+1) dimensions. This model realizes a\nfractionalized topological phase of bosons, which is a fractionalized version\nof the boson integer quantum Hall effect. The model can be studied with\nsign-free Monte Carlo simulations. We study the phase transitions between the\nfractionalized topological phase and a trivial insulator, and between different\ntopological phases. We find that these transitions are continuous, and we\nmeasure their critical exponents.",
        "positive": "Upper bounds on entropy production in diffusive dynamics: Based on a variational expression for the steady-state entropy production\nrate in overdamped Langevin dynamics, we derive concrete upper bounds on the\nentropy production rate in various physical settings. For particles in a\nthermal environment and driven by non-conservative forces, we show that the\nentropy production rate can be upper bounded by considering only the statistics\nof the driven particles. We use this finding to argue that the presence of\nnon-driven, passive degrees of freedom generally leads to decreased\ndissipation. Another upper bound can be obtained only in terms of the variance\nof the non-conservative force, which leads to a universal upper bound for\nparticles that are driven by a constant force that is applied in a certain\nregion of space. Extending our results to systems attached to multiple heat\nbaths or with spatially varying temperature and/or mobility, we show that the\ntemperature difference between the heat baths or the gradient of the\ntemperature can be used to upper bound the entropy production rate. We show\nthat most of these results extend in a straightforward way to underdamped\nLangevin dynamics and demonstrate them in three concrete examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians Violate the Eigenstate Thermalization\n  Hypothesis: The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) represents a cornerstone in\nthe theoretical understanding of the emergence of thermal behavior in closed\nquantum systems. The ETH asserts that expectation values of simple observables\nin energy eigenstates are accurately described by smooth functions of the\nthermodynamic parameters, with fluctuations and off-diagonal matrix elements\nexponentially suppressed in the entropy. We investigate to what extent the ETH\nholds in non-Hermitian many-body systems and come to the surprising conclusion\nthat the fluctuations between eigenstates is of equal order to the average,\nindicating no thermalization. We support this conclusion with mathematically\nrigorous results in the Ginibre ensemble and numerical results in other\nensembles, including the non-Hermitian Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, indicating\nuniversality in chaotic non-Hermitian quantum systems.",
        "positive": "Histogram Monte Carlo Simulation of the Geometrically Frustrated XY\n  Antiferromagnet with Biquadratic Exchange: Histogram Monte Carlo simulation is used to investigate effects of\nbiquadratic exchange $J_{2}$ on phase transitions of a 3D classical XY\nantiferromagnet with frustration induced by the antiferromagnetic exchange\n$J_{1}$ and the stacked triangular lattice geometry. The biquadratic exchange\nis considered negative (antiferroquadrupolar) within the triangular planes and\npositive (ferroquadrupolar) between the planes. The phase diagram obtained\nfeatures a variety of interesting phenomena arising from the presence of both\nthe biquadratic exchange and frustration. In a strong biquadratic exchange\nlimit ($|J_{1}|/|J_{2}| \\leq 0.25$), the antiferroquadrupolar phase transition\nwhich is of second order is followed by the antiferromagnetic one which can be\neither first or second order. The separate antiferroquadrupolar and\nantiferromagnetic second-order transitions are found to belong to the chiral XY\nand Ising universality classes, respectively. If the biquadratic exchange is\nreduced both transitions are found to be first order and occur simultaneously\nin a wide region of $|J_{1}|/|J_{2}|$. However, if $|J_{2}| \\rightarrow 0$ the\ntransition changes to the second-order one with the chiral universality class\ncritical behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Heisenberg model on the 1/5-depleted square lattice and the CaV4O9\n  compound: We investigate the ground state structure of the Heisenberg model on the\n1/5-depleted square lattice for arbitrary values of the first- and\nsecond-neighbor exchange couplings. By using a mean-field Schwinger-boson\napproach we present a unified description of the rich ground-state diagram,\nwhich include the plaquette and dimer resonant-valence-bond phases, an\nincommensurate phase and other magnetic orders with complex magnetic unit\ncells. We also discuss some implications of ours results for the experimental\nrealization of this model in the CaV4O9 compound.",
        "positive": "Study of a Nano-Square Structure with Defects: Monte Carlo Study: In this paper, we study the defects effect on magnetic properties of a\nnano-square structure. This system is composed with alternate layers consisting\nof the spins {\\sigma}=3/2 and S=1. More precisely, we examine the effect of\ndifferent physical parameters which are: the coupling exchange interactions,\nthe external magnetic and the crystal fields applied on the studied system. The\nground state phase diagrams have been deduced and discussed in different planes\ninvolving such different parameters. Also we study the behavior of this\nnano-structure by using the Monte Carlo simulations. The behavior of the\nmagnetizations is studied as a function of the external magnetic field, the\ncrystal field, the temperature and the exchange coupling interactions. The\nmagnetizations and the hysteresis cycles are presented and discussed for fixed\nvalues of these parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous diffusion in nonlinear transformations of the noisy voter\n  model: Voter models are well known in the interdisciplinary community, yet they\nhaven't been studied from the perspective of anomalous diffusion. In this paper\nwe show that the original voter model exhibits ballistic regime. Non-linear\ntransformations of the observation variable and time scale allows us to observe\nother regimes of anomalous diffusion as well as normal diffusion. We show that\nnumerical simulation results coincide with derived analytical approximations\ndescribing the temporal evolution of the raw moments.",
        "positive": "Spectroscopic evidence for engineered hadron formation in repulsive\n  fermionic $\\textrm{SU}(N)$ Hubbard Models: Particle formation represents a central theme in various branches of physics,\noften associated to confinement. Here we show that dynamical hadron formation\ncan be spectroscopically detected in an ultracold atomic setting within the\nmost paradigmatic and simplest model of condensed matter physics, the repulsive\n$\\textrm{SU}(N)$ Hubbard model. By starting from an appropriately engineered\ninitial state of the ${{\\textrm{SU}(3)}}$ Hubbard model, not only mesons\n(doublons) but also baryons (trions) are naturally generated during the time\nevolution. In the strongly interacting limit, baryons become heavy and attract\neach other strongly, and their residual interaction with mesons generates meson\ndiffusion, as captured by the evolution of the equal time density correlation\nfunction. Hadrons remain present in the long time limit, while the system\nthermalizes to a negative temperature state. Our conclusions extend to a large\nvariety of initial conditions, all spatial dimensions, and for SU($N>2$)\nHubbard models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reducing defect production in random transverse-field Ising chains by\n  inhomogeneous driving fields: In transverse-field Ising models, disorder in the couplings gives rise to a\ndrastic reduction of the critical energy gap and, accordingly, to an\nunfavorable, slower-than-algebraic scaling of the density of defects produced\nwhen the system is driven through its quantum critical point. By applying\nKibble-Zurek theory and numerical calculations, we demonstrate in the\none-dimensional model that the scaling of defect density with annealing time\ncan be made algebraic by balancing the coupling disorder with suitably chosen\ninhomogeneous driving fields. Depending on the tail of the coupling\ndistribution at zero, balancing can be either perfect, leading to the\nwell-known inverse-square law of the homogeneous system, or partial, still\nresulting in an algebraic decrease but with a smaller, non-universal exponent.\nWe also study defect production during an environment-temperature quench of the\nopen variant of the model in which the system is slowly cooled down to its\nquantum critical point. According to our scaling and numerical results,\nbalanced disorder leads again to an algebraic temporal decrease of the defect\ndensity.",
        "positive": "Error estimation and reduction with cross correlations: Besides the well-known effect of autocorrelations in time series of Monte\nCarlo simulation data resulting from the underlying Markov process, using the\nsame data pool for computing various estimates entails additional cross\ncorrelations. This effect, if not properly taken into account, leads to\nsystematically wrong error estimates for combined quantities. Using a\nstraightforward recipe of data analysis employing the jackknife or similar\nresampling techniques, such problems can be avoided. In addition, a covariance\nanalysis allows for the formulation of optimal estimators with often\nsignificantly reduced variance as compared to more conventional averages."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Phase Transitions in a 2D Classical Nonequilibrium Model via\n  2D Tensor Networks: We demonstrate the power of 2D tensor networks for obtaining large deviation\nfunctions of dynamical observables in a classical nonequilibrium setting. Using\nthese methods, we analyze the previously unstudied dynamical phase behavior of\nthe fully 2D asymmetric simple exclusion process with biases in both the x and\ny directions. We identify a dynamical phase transition, from a jammed to a\nflowing phase, and characterize the phases and the transition, with an estimate\nof the critical point and exponents.",
        "positive": "Statistical Properties of the Final State in One-dimensional Ballistic\n  Aggregation: We investigate the long time behaviour of the one-dimensional ballistic\naggregation model that represents a sticky gas of N particles with random\ninitial positions and velocities, moving deterministically, and forming\naggregates when they collide. We obtain a closed formula for the stationary\nmeasure of the system which allows us to analyze some remarkable features of\nthe final `fan' state. In particular, we identify universal properties which\nare independent of the initial position and velocity distributions of the\nparticles. We study cluster distributions and derive exact results for extreme\nvalue statistics (because of correlations these distributions do not belong to\nthe Gumbel-Frechet-Weibull universality classes). We also derive the energy\ndistribution in the final state. This model generates dynamically many\ndifferent scales and can be viewed as one of the simplest exactly solvable\nmodel of N-body dissipative dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "History-dependent percolation on multiplex networks: The structure of interconnected systems and its impact on the system dynamics\nis a much-studied cross-disciplinary topic. Although various critical phenomena\nhave been found in different models, the study on the connections between\ndifferent percolation transitions is still lacking. Here we propose a unified\nframework to study the origins of the discontinuous transitions of the\npercolation process on interacting networks. The model evolves in generations\nwith the result of the present percolation depending on the previous state and\nthus is history-dependent. Both theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo\nsimulations reveal that the nature of the transition remains the same at finite\ngenerations but exhibits an abrupt change for the infinite generation. We use\nbrain functional correlation and morphological similarity data to show that our\nmodel also provides a general method to explore the network structure and can\ncontribute to many practical applications, such as detecting the abnormal\nstructures of human brain networks.",
        "positive": "Exclusion Process on two intersected lanes with constrained resources:\n  Symmetry breaking and shock dynamics: We present a study of exclusion process on a peculiar topology of network\nwith two intersected lanes, competing for the particles in a reservoir with\nfinite capacity. To provide a theoretical ground for our findings, we exploit\nmean-field approximation along with domain-wall theory. The stationary\nproperties of the system including phase transitions, density profiles and\nposition of the domain-wall are derived analytically. Under the similar\ndynamical rules, the particles of both the lanes interact only at the\nintersected site. The symmetry of system is maintained till number of particles\ndo not exceed total number of sites. However, beyond this the symmetry breaking\nphenomenon occurs resulting in the appearance of asymmetric phases and\ncontinues to persist even for infnite number of particles. The complexity of\nphase diagram shows a non-monotonic behaviour with increasing number of\nparticles in the system. A bulk induced shock appears in a symmetric phase,\nwhereas, a boundary induced shock is observed in symmetric as well as\nasymmetric phase. Monitoring the location of shock with increasing entry of\nparticles, we explain the possible phase transitions. The theoretical results\nare supported by extensive Monte Carlo simulations and explained using simple\nphysical arguments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A finite-temperature Monte Carlo algorithm for network forming materials: Computer simulations of structure formation in network forming materials\n(such as amorphous semiconductors, glasses, or fluids containing hydrogen\nbonds) are challenging. The problem is that large structural changes in the\nnetwork topology are rare events, making it very difficult to equilibrate these\nsystems. To overcome this problem, Wooten, Winer and Weaire [PRL 54, 1392\n(1985)] proposed a Monte Carlo bond-switch move, constructed to alter the\nnetwork topology at every step. The resulting algorithm is well suited to study\nnetworks at zero temperature. However, since thermal fluctuations are ignored,\nit cannot be used to probe the phase behavior at finite temperature. In this\npaper, a modification of the original bond-switch move is proposed, in which\ndetailed balance and ergodicity are both obeyed, thereby facilitating a correct\nsampling of the Boltzmann distribution for these systems at any finite\ntemperature. The merits of the modified algorithm are demonstrated in a\ndetailed investigation of the melting transition in a two-dimensional 3-fold\ncoordinated network.",
        "positive": "Application of the Cluster Variation Method to Spin Ice Systems on the\n  Pyrochlore Lattice: The cactus approximation in the cluster variation method is applied to the\nspin ice system with nearest neighbor ferromagnetic coupling. The temperature\ndependences of the entropy and the specific heat show qualitatively good\nagreement with those observed by Monte Carlo simulations and experiments, and\nthe Pauling value is reproduced for the residual entropy. The analytic\nexpression of the q-dependent magnetic susceptibility is obtained, from which\nthe absence of magnetic phase transition is confirmed. The neutron scattering\npattern is also evaluated and found to be consistent with that obtained from\nMonte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interfacial adsorption in Potts models on the square lattice: We study the effect of interfacial phenomena in two-dimensional perfect and\nrandom (or disordered) $q$-state Potts models with continuous phase\ntransitions, using, mainly, Monte Carlo techniques. In particular, for the\ntotal interfacial adsorption, the critical behavior, including corrections to\nscaling, are analyzed. The role of randomness is scrutinized. Results are\ndiscussed applying scaling arguments and invoking findings for bulk critical\nproperties. In all studied cases, i.e., $q = 3$, $4$, and $q = 8$, the spread\nof the interfacial adsorption profiles is observed to increase linearly with\nthe lattice size at the bulk transition point.",
        "positive": "Optimal finite-time processes in stochastic thermodynamics: For a small system like a colloidal particle or a single biomolecule embedded\nin a heat bath, the optimal protocol of an external control parameter minimizes\nthe mean work required to drive the system from one given equilibrium state to\nanother in a finite time. In general, this optimal protocol obeys an\nintegro-differential equation. Explicite solutions both for a moving laser trap\nand a time-dependent strength of such a trap show finite jumps of the optimal\nprotocol to be typical both at the beginning and the end of the process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamic effects on the liquid-hexatic transition of active colloids: We study numerically the role of hydrodynamics in the liquid-hexatic\ntransition of active colloids at intermediate activity, where motility induced\nphase separation (MIPS) does not occur. We show that in the case of active\nBrownian particles (ABP), the critical density of the transition decreases upon\nincreasing the particle's mass, enhancing ordering, while self-propulsion has\nthe opposite effect in the activity regime considered. Active hydrodynamic\nparticles (AHP), instead, undergo the liquid-hexatic transition at higher\nvalues of packing fraction $\\phi$ than the corresponding ABP, suggesting that\nhydrodynamics have the net effect of disordering the system. At increasing\ndensities, close to the hexatic-liquid transition, we found in the case of AHP\nthe appearance of self-sustained organized motion with clusters of particles\nmoving coherently.",
        "positive": "Equivalence of two thermostatistical formalisms based on the\n  Havrda&Charvat-Daroczy-Tsallis entropies: We show that the latest thermostatistical formalism based on the Havrda &\nCharvat-Dar\\'oczy-Tsallis entropy $S_q [ \\rho ] = (q-1)^{-1}(1- tr (\\rho^q))$\nproposed by Tsallis, Mendes and Plastino is {\\em equivalent} to the first one\nproposed by Tsallis in 1988. Here, equivalent means: {\\em the ``equilibrium''\nstate predicted by either formalism using $q$ leads to the same expectation\nvalues for all observables as that predicted by the other formalism using\n$1/q$''}. We also point out once again that the basic property of {\\em\ntransitivity of equilibrium} (e.g., the $0^{th}$ Law of Thermodynamics) fails\nin these formalisms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-passage time of a Brownian motion: two unexpected journeys: The distribution of the first-passage time $T_a$ for a Brownian particle with\ndrift $\\mu$ subject to hitting an absorber at a level $a>0$ is well-known and\ngiven by its density $\\gamma(t) = \\frac{a}{\\sqrt{2 \\pi t^3} } e^{-\\frac{(a-\\mu\nt)^2}{2 t}}, t>0$, which is normalized only if $\\mu \\geq 0$. In this article,\nwe show that there are two other families of diffusion processes (the first\nwith one parameter and the second with two parameters) having the same first\npassage-time distribution when $\\mu <0$. In both cases we establish the\npropagators and study in detail these new processes. An immediate consequence\nis that the distribution of the first-passage time does not allow us to know if\nthe process comes from a drifted Brownian motion or from one of these new\nprocesses.",
        "positive": "Limits of the Quantum Monte Carlo method: We consider the one-dimensional quantum-statistical problem of interacting\nspin-less particles in an infinite deep potential valley and on a ring. Several\nlimits for the applicability of the Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods were\nrevealed and discussed. We show the inapplicability of the QMC method for\nring-like geometries, realize an unphysical frustration for interacting\nfermions and a minus-sign problem for interacting bosons."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Defect-unbinding transitions and inherent structures in two dimensions: We present a large-scale (36000-particle) computational study of the\n\"inherent structures\" (IS) associated with equilibrium, two-dimensional,\none-component Lennard-Jones systems. Our results provide strong support both\nfor the inherent-structures theory of classical fluids, and for the KTHNY\ntheory of two-stage melting in two dimensions. This support comes from the\nobservation of three qualitatively distinct \"phases\" of inherent structures: a\ncrystal, a \"hexatic glass\", and a \"liquid glass\". We also directly observe, in\nthe IS, analogs of the two defect-unbinding transitions (respectively, of\ndislocations, and disclinations) believed to mediate the two equilibrium phase\ntransitions. Each transition shows up in the inherent structures---although the\nfree disclinations in the \"liquid glass\" are embedded in a percolating network\nof grain boundaries. The bond-orientational correlation functions of the\ninherent structures show the same progressive loss of order as do the three\nequilibrium phases: long-range to quasi-long-range to short-range.",
        "positive": "The discontinuity of the specific heat for the 5D Ising model: In this paper we investigate the behaviour of the specific heat around the\ncritical point of the Ising model in dimension 5 to 7. We find a specific heat\ndiscontinuity, like that for the mean field Ising model, and provide estimates\nfor the left and right hand limits of the specific heat at the critical point.\nWe also estimate the singular exponents, describing how the specific heat\napproaches those limits. Additionally, we make a smaller scale investigation of\nthe same properties in dimension 6 and 7, and provide strongly improved\nestimates for the critical termperature $K_c$ in $d=5,6,7$ which bring the best\nMC-estimate closer to those obtained by long high temperature series expanions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytical Estimation of the Maximal lyapunov Exponent in Oscillator\n  Chains: An analytical expression for the maximal Lyapunov exponent $\\lambda_1$ in\ngeneralized Fermi-Pasta-Ulam oscillator chains is obtained. The derivation is\nbased on the calculation of modulational instability growth rates for some\nunstable periodic orbits. The result is compared with numerical simulations and\nthe agreement is good over a wide range of energy densities $\\epsilon$. At very\nhigh energy density the power law scaling of $\\lambda_1$ with $\\epsilon$ can be\nalso obtained by simple dimensional arguments, assuming that the system is\nruled by a single time scale. Finally, we argue that for repulsive and hard\ncore potentials in one dimension $\\lambda_1 \\sim \\sqrt{\\epsilon}$ at large\n$\\epsilon$.",
        "positive": "Field Tensor Network States: We define a class of tensor network states for spin systems where the\nindividual tensors are functionals of fields. The construction is based on the\npath integral representation of correlators of operators in quantum field\ntheory. These tensor network states are infinite dimensional versions of matrix\nproduct states and projected entangled pair states. We find the field-tensor\nthat generates the Haldane-Shastry wave function and extend it to two\ndimensions. We give evidence that the latter underlies the topological chiral\nstate described by the Kalmeyer-Laughlin wave function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topology, Hidden Spectra and Bose Einstein Condensation on low\n  dimensional complex networks: Topological inhomogeneity gives rise to spectral anomalies that can induce\nBose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) in low dimensional systems. These anomalies\nconsist in energy regions composed of an infinite number of states with\nvanishing weight in the thermodynamic limit (hidden states). Here we present a\nrigorous result giving the most general conditions for BEC on complex networks.\nWe prove that the presence of hidden states in the lowest region of the\nspectrum is the necessary and sufficient condition for condensation in low\ndimension (spectral dimension $\\bar{d}\\leq 2$), while it is shown that BEC\nalways occurs for $\\bar{d}>2$.",
        "positive": "Critical Dynamics of Dimers: Implications for the Glass Transition: The Adam-Gibbs view of the glass transition relates the relaxation time to\nthe configurational entropy, which goes continuously to zero at the so-called\nKauzmann temperature. We examine this scenario in the context of a dimer model\nwith an entropy vanishing phase transition, and stochastic loop dynamics. We\npropose a coarse-grained master equation for the order parameter dynamics which\nis used to compute the time-dependent autocorrelation function and the\nassociated relaxation time. Using a combination of exact results, scaling\narguments and numerical diagonalizations of the master equation, we find\nnon-exponential relaxation and a Vogel-Fulcher divergence of the relaxation\ntime in the vicinity of the phase transition. Since in the dimer model the\nentropy stays finite all the way to the phase transition point, and then jumps\ndiscontinuously to zero, we demonstrate a clear departure from the Adam-Gibbs\nscenario. Dimer coverings are the \"inherent structures\" of the canonical\nfrustrated system, the triangular Ising antiferromagnet. Therefore, our results\nprovide a new scenario for the glass transition in supercooled liquids in terms\nof inherent structure dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solvent mediated forces in critical fluids: The effective interaction between two planar walls immersed in a fluid is\ninvestigated by use of Density Functional Theory in the super-critical region\nof the phase diagram. A hard core Yukawa model of fluid is studied with special\nattention to the critical region. To achieve this goal a new formulation of the\nWeighted Density Approximation coupled with the Hierarchical Reference Theory,\nable to deal with critical long wavelength fluctuations, is put forward and\ncompared with other approaches. The effective interaction between the walls is\nseen to change character on lowering the temperature: The strong oscillations\ninduced by layering of the molecules, typical of the depletion mechanism in\nhard core systems, are gradually smoothed and, close to the critical point, a\nlong range attractive tail emerges leading to a scaling form which agrees with\nthe expectations based on the critical Casimir effect. Strong corrections to\nscaling are seen to affect the results up to very small reduced temperatures.\nBy use of Derjaguin approximation, this investigation has natural implications\nfor the aggregation of colloidal particles in critical solvents.",
        "positive": "On the derivation of Fourier's law in stochastic energy exchange systems: We present a detailed derivation of Fourier's law in a class of stochastic\nenergy exchange systems that naturally characterize two-dimensional mechanical\nsystems of locally confined particles in interaction. The stochastic systems\nconsist of an array of energy variables which can be partially exchanged among\nnearest neighbours at variable rates. We provide two independent derivations of\nthe thermal conductivity and prove this quantity is identical to the frequency\nof energy exchanges. The first derivation relies on the diffusion of the\nHelfand moment, which is determined solely by static averages. The second\napproach relies on a gradient expansion of the probability measure around a\nnon-equilibrium stationary state. The linear part of the heat current is\ndetermined by local thermal equilibrium distributions which solve a\nBoltzmann-like equation. A numerical scheme is presented with computations of\nthe conductivity along our two methods. The results are in excellent agreement\nwith our theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of localized magnetic moments in a Dirac conductor: We show that the magnetic susceptibility of a dilute ensemble of magnetic\nimpurities in a conductor with a relativistic electronic spectrum is\nnon-analytic in the inverse tempertature at $1/T\\to 0$. We derive a general\ntheory of this effect and construct the high-temperature expansion for the\ndisorder averaged susceptibility to any order, convergent at all tempertaures\ndown to a possible ordering transition. When applied to Ising impurities on a\nsurface of a topological insulator, the proposed general theory agrees with\nMonte Carlo simulations, and it allows us to find the critical temperature of\nthe ferromagnetic phase transition.",
        "positive": "Relativistic Equilibrium Distribution by Relative Entropy Maximization: The equilibrium state of a relativistic gas has been calculated based on the\nmaximum entropy principle. Though the relativistic equilibrium state was long\nbelieved to be the Juttner distribution, a number of papers have been published\nin recent years proposing alternative equilibrium states. However, some of\nthese papers do not pay enough attention to the covariance of distribution\nfunctions, resulting confusion in equilibrium states. Starting from a fully\ncovariant expression to avoid this confusion, it has been shown in the present\npaper that the Juttner distribution is the maximum entropy state if we assume\nthe Lorentz symmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling for domain growth in the Ising model with competing dynamics: We study the domain growth of the one-dimensional kinetic Ising model under\nthe competing influence of Glauber dynamics at temperature T and Kawasaki\ndynamics with a configuration-independent rate. The scaling of the structure\nfactor is shown to have the form for nonconserved dynamics with the corrections\narising from the spin-exchange process, i.e., $S(k,t)=Lg_0(kL,t/\\tau\n)+g_1(kL,t/\\tau)+... $, and the corresponding scaling functions are calculated\nanalytically. A correction to the Porod law at zero temperature is also given.",
        "positive": "Shear viscosity of classical fields in scalar theory: We investigate the shear viscosity of massless classical scalar fields in the\n$\\phi^4$ theory on a lattice by using the Green-Kubo formula. Based on the\nscaling property of the classical field, the shear viscosity is represented\nusing a scaling function. Equilibrium expectation value of the time-correlation\nfunction of the energy-momentum tensor is evaluated as the ensemble average of\nthe classical field configurations, whose time evolution is obtained by solving\nthe classical equation of motion starting from the initial condition in thermal\nequilibrium. It is found that there are two distinct damping time scales in the\ntime-correlation function, which is found to show damped oscillation behavior\nin the early stage around a slow monotonous decay with an exponential form, and\nthe slow decay part is found to dominate the shear viscosity in the massless\nclassical field theory. This kind of slow decay is also known to exist in the\nmolecular dynamics simulation, then it may be a generic feature of dense\nmatter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Giant Casimir effect in fluids in non-equilibrium steady states: In this letter we consider the fluctuation induced force exerted between two\nplates separated by a distance $L$ in a fluid with a temperature gradient. We\npredict that, for a range of distances $L$, this non-equilibrium force is\nanomalously large compared to other Casimir forces. The physical reason is that\ncorrelations in a non-equilibrium fluid are generally of longer range than\nother correlations, even than those near an equilibrium critical point. This\ngiant Casimir force is related to a divergent Burnett coefficient that\ncharacterizes an Onsager cross effect between the pressure and the temperature\ngradient. The predicted Casimir force should be detectable with currently\navailable experimental techniques.",
        "positive": "Percolation and Conduction in Restricted Geometries: The finite-size scaling behaviour for percolation and conduction is studied\nin two-dimensional triangular-shaped random resistor networks at the\npercolation threshold. The numerical simulations are performed using an\nefficient star-triangle algorithm. The percolation exponents, linked to the\ncritical behaviour at corners, are in good agreement with the conformal\nresults. The conductivity exponent, t', is found to be independent of the shape\nof the system. Its value is very close to recent estimates for the surface and\nbulk conductivity exponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian dynamics: from glassy to trivial: We endow a system of interacting particles with two distinct, local,\nMarkovian and reversible microscopic dynamics. Using common field-theoretic\ntechniques used to investigate the presence of a glass transition, we find that\nwhile the first, standard, dynamical rules lead to glassy behavior, the other\none leads to a simple exponential relaxation towards equilibrium. This finding\nquestions the intrinsic link that exists between the underlying,\nthermodynamical, energy landscape, and the dynamical rules with which this\nlandscape is explored by the system. Our peculiar choice of dynam- ical rules\noffers the possibility of a direct connection with replica theory, and our\nfindings therefore call for a clarification of the interplay between replica\ntheory and the underlying dynamics of the system.",
        "positive": "Entropy flow in near-critical quantum circuits: Near-critical quantum circuits are ideal physical systems for asymptotically\nlarge-scale quantum computers, because their low energy collective excitations\nevolve reversibly, effectively isolated from the environment. The design of\nreversible computers is constrained by the laws governing entropy flow within\nthe computer. In near-critical quantum circuits, entropy flows as a locally\nconserved quantum current, obeying circuit laws analogous to the electric\ncircuit laws. The quantum entropy current is just the energy current divided by\nthe temperature. A quantum circuit made from a near-critical system (of\nconventional type) is described by a relativistic 1+1 dimensional relativistic\nquantum field theory on the circuit. The universal properties of the\nenergy-momentum tensor constrain the entropy flow characteristics of the\ncircuit components: the entropic conductivity of the quantum wires and the\nentropic admittance of the quantum circuit junctions. For example,\nnear-critical quantum wires are always resistanceless inductors for entropy. A\nuniversal formula is derived for the entropic conductivity:\n\\sigma_S(\\omega)=iv^{2}S/\\omega T, where \\omega is the frequency, T the\ntemperature, S the equilibrium entropy density and v the velocity of `light'.\nThe thermal conductivity is Real(T\\sigma_S(\\omega))=\\pi v^{2}S\\delta(\\omega).\nThe thermal Drude weight is, universally, v^{2}S. This gives a way to measure\nthe entropy density directly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local Anisotropy of Fluids using Minkowski Tensors: Statistics of the free volume available to individual particles have\npreviously been studied for simple and complex fluids, granular matter,\namorphous solids, and structural glasses. Minkowski tensors provide a set of\nshape measures that are based on strong mathematical theorems and easily\ncomputed for polygonal and polyhedral bodies such as free volume cells (Voronoi\ncells). They characterize the local structure beyond the two-point correlation\nfunction and are suitable to define indices $0\\leq \\beta_\\nu^{a,b}\\leq 1$ of\nlocal anisotropy. Here, we analyze the statistics of Minkowski tensors for\nconfigurations of simple liquid models, including the ideal gas (Poisson point\nprocess), the hard disks and hard spheres ensemble, and the Lennard-Jones\nfluid. We show that Minkowski tensors provide a robust characterization of\nlocal anisotropy, which ranges from $\\beta_\\nu^{a,b}\\approx 0.3$ for vapor\nphases to $\\beta_\\nu^{a,b}\\to 1$ for ordered solids. We find that for fluids,\nlocal anisotropy decreases monotonously with increasing free volume and\nrandomness of particle positions. Furthermore, the local anisotropy indices\n$\\beta_\\nu^{a,b}$ are sensitive to structural transitions in these simple\nfluids, as has been previously shown in granular systems for the transition\nfrom loose to jammed bead packs.",
        "positive": "Frenetic steering: nonequilibrium-enabled navigation: We explain the steering of slow degrees of freedom by coupling them to driven\ncomponents for which the time-symmetric reactivities are manipulated. We\npresent the strategy and main principle that make that sort of navigation\nfeasible. For illustration, nonlinear limit cycles (as in the van der Pol\noscillator) and strange attractors (as in the Lorenz dynamics) are seen to\nemerge when the driving in the nonequilibrium medium is kept fixed while the\nfrenesy is tuned to produce the required forces. We imagine that such frenetic\nsteering is available in Life as well, allowing selection of the appropriate\nbiological functioning."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An information entropy interpretation of photon absorption by dielectric\n  media: We measured photon absorption in dielectric media and proposed the\nphoton-version Beer-Lambert's law to quantify the absorption. We used a\nHong-Ou-Mandel interferometer and 810 nm twin-photons. We found that the depth\nratio of the null point in the interference patterns of the interferometer\nagreed with the classical transmittance of the samples. We established a\nstatistical model of the photon absorption process and proposed an information\nentropy interpretation to understand the meaning of the Beer-Lambert law.\nComparisons of the results of the photon absorption experiments with classical\nexperiments demonstrate the validity of our model and interpretation.",
        "positive": "Critical adsorption and Casimir torque in wedges and at ridges: Geometrical structures of confining surfaces profoundly influence the\nadsorption of fluids upon approaching a critical point T_c in their bulk phase\ndiagram, i.e., for t=(T-T_c)/T_c -> +/-0. Guided by general scaling\nconsiderations, we calculate, within mean-field theory, the temperature\ndependence of the order parameter profile in a wedge with opening angle\ngamma<pi and close to a ridge (gamma>pi) for T>T_c and T<T_c and in the\npresence of surface fields. For a suitably defined reduced excess adsorption\nGamma_\\pm(gamma,t -> +/-0)~Gamma_\\pm(gamma)|t|^{beta-2nu} we compute the\nuniversal amplitudes Gamma_\\pm(gamma), which diverge as Gamma_\\pm(gamma\n->0)~1/gamma for small opening angles, vary linearly close to gamma=pi for\ngamma<pi, and increase exponentially for gamma -> 2pi. There is evidence that,\nwithin mean-field theory, the ratio Gamma_+(gamma)/Gamma_-(gamma) is\nindependent of gamma. We also discuss the critical Casimir torque acting on the\nsides of the wedge as a function of the opening angle and temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multi-Gaussian modes of diffusion in a quenched random medium: We have studied a model of a random walk in a quenched random environment. In\naddition to featuring anomalous diffusion and localization, for special regimes\nof disorder parameters the particle density decomposes into multi-Gaussian\nstructure while its cumulative distribution is normal. We explain the observed\nfine structure of the density and point out its significance to experiments.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear inhomogeneous Fokker-Planck equation within a generalized\n  Stratonovich prescription: We deduce a nonlinear and inhomogeneous Fokker-Planck equation within a\ngeneralized Stratonovich, or stochastic $\\alpha$-, prescription ($\\alpha=0$,\n$1/2$ and $1$ respectively correspond to the It\\^o, Stratonovich and anti-It\\^o\nprescriptions). We obtain its stationary state $p_{st}(x)$ for a class of\nconstitutive relations between drift and diffusion and show that it has a\n$q$-exponential form, $p_{st}(x) = N_q[1 - (1-q)\\beta V(x)]^{1/(1-q)}$, with an\nindex $q$ which does not depend on $\\alpha$ in the presence of any nonvanishing\nnonlinearity. This is in contrast with the linear case, for which the index $q$\nis $\\alpha$-dependent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An improved Metropolis algorithm for hard core systems: We present an improved Metropolis algorithm for arbitrary hard core systems\nin any dimensions. In the new updating scheme the conventional Metropolis step\nof a single particle is replaced by a collective step of a chain of particles.\nFor the two-dimensional hard sphere model we show that this algorithm\nessentially reduces autocorrelation times in vicinity of the transition point.",
        "positive": "Phase space gradient of dissipated work and information: A role of\n  relative Fisher information: We show that an information theoretic distance measured by the relative\nFisher information between canonical equilibrium phase densities corresponding\nto forward and backward processes is intimately related to the gradient of the\ndissipated work in phase space. We present a universal constraint on it via the\nlogarithmic Sobolev inequality. Furthermore, we point out that a possible\nexpression of the lower bound indicates a deep connection in terms of the\nrelative entropy and the Fisher information of the canonical distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Formulation of Genuine Thermodynamic Variables from Special Microscopic\n  States: For classical discrete systems under constant composition, it has been\nconsidered that genuine thermodynamic variables such as free energy cannot be\ngenerally determined from information about a single or a few selected\nmicroscopic states. Despite this fact, we here show that Helmholtz free energy\nfor any given composition for disordered states can be well characterized by\ninformation about a few (R+3, where R denotes number of components) specially\nselected microscopic states, whose structure can be known a priori without\nrequiring any thermodynamic information. The present study is a non-trivial\nextension of our recently-developed theoretical approach for special\nmicroscopic states in canonical ensemble to semi-grand canonical ensemble,\nwhich additionally enables to characterize temperature dependence of other\nthermodynamic variables such as internal energy and entropy.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear spin relaxation in strongly nonequilibrium magnets: A general theory is developed for describing the nonlinear relaxation of spin\nsystems from a strongly nonequilibrium initial state, when, in addition, the\nsample is coupled to a resonator. Such processes are characterized by nonlinear\nstochastic differential equations. This makes these strongly nonequilibrium\nprocesses principally different from the spin relaxation close to an\nequilibrium state, which is represented by linear differential equations. The\nconsideration is based on a realistic microscopic Hamiltonian including the\nZeeman terms, dipole interactions, exchange interactions, and a single-site\nanisotropy. The influence of cross correlations between several spin species is\ninvestigated. The critically important function of coupling between the spin\nsystem and a resonant electric circuit is emphasized. The role of all main\nrelaxation rates is analyzed. The phenomenon of self-organization of transition\ncoherence in spin motion, from the quantum chaotic stage of incoherent\nfluctuations, is thoroughly described. Local spin fluctuations are found to be\nthe triggering cause for starting the spin relaxation from an incoherent\nnonequilibrium state. The basic regimes of collective coherent spin relaxation\nare studied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interface dynamics from experimental data: A novel algorithm is envisaged to extract the coupling parameters of the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation from experimental data. The method hinges on\nthe Fokker-Planck equation combined with a classical least-square error\nprocedure. It takes properly into account the fluctuations of surface height\nthrough a deterministic equation for space correlations. We apply it to the 1+1\nKPZ equation and carefully compare its results with those obtained by previous\ninvestigations. Unlike previous approaches, our method does not require large\nsizes and is stable under a modification of sampling time of observations.\nShortcomings associated to standard discretizations of the continuous KPZ\nequation are also pointed out and possible future perspectives are finally\nanalyzed.",
        "positive": "DMRG-study of current and activity fluctuations near non-equilibrium\n  phase transitions: Cumulants of a fluctuating current can be obtained from a free energy-like\ngenerating function which for Markov processes equals the largest eigenvalue of\na generalized generator. We determine this eigenvalue with the DMRG for\nstochastic systems. We calculate the variance of the current in the different\nphases, and at the phase transitions, of the totally asymmetric exclusion\nprocess. Our results can be described in the terms of a scaling ansatz that\ninvolves the dynamical exponent z. We also calculate the generating function of\nthe activity near the absorbing state transition of the contact process. Its\nscaling properties can be expressed in terms of known critical exponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Phase Transition of S=1/2 Trimerized XXZ Spin Chain in Magnetic\n  Field: We study the magnetization plateau at a third of the saturation magnetization\nof the S=1/2 trimerized XXZ spin chain at T=0. The appearance of the plateau\ndepends on the values of the XXZ anisotropy and the magnitude of the\ntrimerization. This plateauful-plateauless transition is a quantum phase\ntransition of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type, which is difficult to\nprecisely detect from the numerical data. To determine the phase boundary line\nof this transition precisely, we use the level crossing of low-lying\nexcitations obtained from the numerical diagonalization. We also discuss the\nS=1/2 ferromagnetic-ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic chain.",
        "positive": "Spin stiffness in the frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnet: We calculate the spin stiffness of the S=1/2 frustrated Heisenberg\nantiferromagnet directly from a general formula which is evaluated in the\nSchwinger boson mean-field approximation. Both N\\'eel and collinear ordering\nare considered. For collinear ordering, we take the anisotropy of this phase\ninto account, unlike previous approaches. For N\\'eel ordering, a detailed study\nis made of the finite-size scaling behavior of the two terms that make up the\nspin stiffness. The exponents of the scaling with the system size of the two\nterms comprising the spin stiffness turn out to be identical to those of the\nunfrustrated case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hole-burning experiments within solvable glassy models: We reproduce the results of non-resonant spectral hole-burning experiments\nwith fully-connected (equivalently infinite-dimensional) glassy models that are\ngeneralizations of the mode-coupling approach to nonequilibrium situations. We\nshow that an ac-field modifies the integrated linear response and the\ncorrelation function in a way that depends on the amplitude and frequency of\nthe pumping field. We study the effect of the waiting and recovery-times and\nthe number of oscillations applied. This calculation will help descriminating\nwhich results can and which cannot be attributed to dynamic heterogeneities in\nreal systems.",
        "positive": "Current and efficiency enhancement in Brownian motors driven by non\n  Gaussian noises: We study Brownian motors driven by colored non Gaussian noises, both in the\noverdamped regime and in the case with inertia, and analyze how the departure\nof the noise distribution from Gaussian behavior can affect its behavior. We\nanalyze the problem from two alternative points of view: one oriented mainly to\npossible technological applications and the other more inspired in natural\nsystems. In both cases we find an enhancement of current and efficiency due to\nthe non-Gaussian character of the noise. We also discuss the possibility of\nobserving an enhancement of the mass separation capability of the system when\nnon-Gaussian noises are considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium fluid-solid coexistence of hard spheres: We present a tethered Monte Carlo simulation of the crystallization of hard\nspheres. Our method boosts the traditional umbrella sampling to the point of\nmaking practical the study of constrained Gibb's free energies depending on\nseveral crystalline order-parameters. We obtain high-accuracy estimates of the\nfluid-crystal coexistence pressure for up to 2916 particles (enough to\naccommodate fluid-solid interfaces). We are able to extrapolate to infinite\nvolume the coexistence pressure (p_{co}=11.5727(10) k_B T/\\sigma^3) and the\ninterfacial free energy (\\gamma_{100}=0.636(11) k_B T/\\sigma^2).",
        "positive": "On the two principal curvatures as possible entropic barriers in a\n  mesoscopic nonequilibrium thermodynamics model of complex matter\n  agglomeration: Matter agglomeration mesoscopic phenomena of irreversible type are well\ndescribed by nonequilibrium thermodynamics formalism. The description assumes\nthat the thermodynamic (internal) state variables are in local equilibrium, and\nuses the well known flux-force relations, with the Onsager coefficients\ninvolved, ending eventually up at a local conservation law of Fokker-Planck\ntype. One of central problems arising when applying it to the matter\nagglomeration phenomena, quite generally termed nucleation-and-growth process,\nappears to be some physically accepted identification of entropic barriers, or\nfactors impeding growth. In this paper, we wish to propose certain\ngeometric-kinetic obstacles as serious candidates for the so-called entropic\nbarriers. Within the framework of the thermodynamic formalism offered they are\nalways associated with a suitable choice of a physical potential governing the\nsystem. It turns out that a certain choice of the potential of Coulomb (or,\ngravitational) type leads to emphasizing the role of the Gaussian curvature\nwhile another choice in a form of the logaritmic physical potential results\nunavoidably in a pronounced role of the mean curvature. The whole reasoning has\nbeen tested succesfully on a statistical-mechanical polycris- talline evolution\nmodel introduced some years ago for physical-metalurgical purposes, and\nmodified for a use in biophysical soft-matter agglomerations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transition of Extrinsic Curvature Surface Model on a Disk: An extrinsic curvature surface model is investigated by Monte Carlo\nsimulations on a disk. We found that the model undergoes a first-order\ntransition separating the smooth phase from the collapsed phase. The results in\nthis paper together with the previous ones suggest that the order of the\ntransition is independent of whether the surface is compact (closed) or\nnon-compact (open).",
        "positive": "Low-temperature properties of the dilute dipolar magnet LiHo_xY_(1-x)F_4: We analyze recent experiments on the dilute rare-earth compound\nLiHo_xY_(1-x)F_4 in the context of an effective Ising dipolar model. Using a\nMonte Carlo method we calculate the low-temperature behavior of the specific\nheat and linear susceptibility, and compare our results to measurements. In our\nmodel the susceptibility follows a Curie-Weiss law at high temperature, chi ~\n1/(T-T_cw), with a Curie-Weiss temperature that scales with dilution, T_cw ~ x,\nconsistent with early experiments. We also find that the peak in the specific\nheat scales linearly with dilution, C_max(T) ~ x, in disagreement with recent\nexperiments. Experimental studies do not reach a consensus on the functional\nform of these quantities, and in particular we do not see reported scalings of\nthe form chi ~ T^-0.75 and chi ~ exp(-T/T_0). Furthermore we calculate the\nground state magnetization as a function of dilution, and re-examine the phase\ndiagram around the critical dilution x_c=0.24(3). We find that the spin glass\nsusceptibility for the Ising model does not diverge below x_c, while recent\nexperiments give strong evidence for a stable spin-glass phase in\nLiHo_0.167Y_0.833F_4."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Monte Carlo Study of a Positron in an Electron Gas: Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the relaxation energy, pair-correlation\nfunction, and annihilating-pair momentum density are presented for a positron\nimmersed in a homogeneous electron gas. We find smaller relaxation energies and\ncontact pair-correlation functions in the important low-density regime than\npredicted by earlier studies. Our annihilating-pair momentum densities have\nalmost zero weight above the Fermi momentum due to the cancellation of\nelectron-electron and electron-positron correlation effects.",
        "positive": "Finite-time fluctuations for the totally asymmetric exclusion process: The one-dimensional totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP), a\nMarkov process describing classical hard-core particles hopping in the same\ndirection, is considered on a periodic lattice of $L$ sites. The relaxation to\nthe non-equilibrium steady state, which occurs on the time scale $t\\sim\nL^{3/2}$ for large $L$, is studied for the half-filled system with $N=L/2$\nparticles. Using large $L$ asymptotics of Bethe ansatz formulas for the\neigenstates, exact expressions depending explicitly on the rescaled time\n$t/L^{3/2}$ are obtained for the average and two-point function of the local\ndensity, and for the current fluctuations for simple (stationary, flat and\nstep) initial conditions, relating previous results for the infinite system to\nstationary large deviations. The final formulas have a nice interpretation in\nterms of a functional integral with the action of a scalar field in a linear\npotential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral gap of the totally asymmetric exclusion process at arbitrary\n  filling: We calculate the spectral gap of the Markov matrix of the totally asymmetric\nsimple exclusion process (TASEP) on a ring of L sites with N particles. Our\nderivation is simple and self-contained and extends a previous calculation that\nwas valid only for half-filling. We use a special property of the Bethe\nequations for TASEP to reformulate them as a one-body problem. Our method is\nclosely related to the one used to derive exact large deviation functions of\nthe TASEP.",
        "positive": "Pareto Law in a Kinetic Model of Market with Random Saving Propensity: We have numerically simulated the ideal-gas models of trading markets, where\neach agent is identified with a gas molecule and each trading as an elastic or\nmoney-conserving two-body collision. Unlike in the ideal gas, we introduce\n(quenched) saving propensity of the agents, distributed widely between the\nagents ($0 \\le \\lambda < 1$). The system remarkably self-organizes to a\ncritical Pareto distribution of money $P(m) \\sim m^{-(\\nu + 1)}$ with $\\nu\n\\simeq 1$. We analyse the robustness (universality) of the distribution in the\nmodel. We also argue that although the fractional saving ingredient is a bit\nunnatural one in the context of gas models, our model is the simplest so far,\nshowing self-organized criticality, and combines two century-old distributions:\nGibbs (1901) and Pareto (1897) distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computing chemical potentials of adsorbed or confined fluids: The chemical potential of adsorbed or confined fluids provides insight into\ntheir unique thermodynamic properties and determines adsorption isotherms.\nHowever, it is often difficult to compute this quantity from atomistic\nsimulations using existing statistical mechanical methods. We introduce a\ncomputational framework that utilizes static structure factors, thermodynamic\nintegration and free energy perturbation, for calculating the absolute chemical\npotential of fluids. For demonstration, we apply the method to compute the\nadsorption isotherms of carbon dioxide in a metal-organic framework (MOF) and\nwater in carbon nanotubes.",
        "positive": "Statistics of randomly branched polymers in a semi-space: We investigate the statistical properties of a randomly branched\n3--functional $N$--link polymer chain without excluded volume, whose one point\nis fixed at the distance $d$ from the impenetrable surface in a 3--dimensional\nspace. Exactly solving the Dyson-type equation for the partition function\n$Z(N,d)=N^{-\\theta} e^{\\gamma N}$ in 3D, we find the \"surface\" critical\nexponent $\\theta={5/2}$, as well as the density profiles of 3--functional units\nand of dead ends. Our approach enables to compute also the pairwise correlation\nfunction of a randomly branched polymer in a 3D semi-space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipation in small systems: A Landau-Zener approach: We establish a stochastic thermodynamics for a Fermionic level driven by a\ntime-dependent force and interacting with initially thermalized levels playing\nthe role of a reservoir. The driving induces consecutive avoided crossings\nbetween system and reservoir levels described within Landau-Zener theory. We\nderive the resulting system dynamics and thermodynamics and identify energy,\nwork, heat, entropy and dissipation. Our theory perfectly reproduces the\nnumerically exact quantum work statistics obtained using a two point\nmeasurements approach of the total energy and provides an explicit expression\nfor the dissipation in terms of diabatic transitions.",
        "positive": "Field-dependent ionic conductivities from generalized\n  fluctuation-dissipation relations: We derive a relationship for the electric field dependent ionic conductivity\nin terms of fluctuations of time integrated microscopic variables. We\ndemonstrate this formalism with molecular dynamics simulations of solutions of\ndiffering ionic strength with implicit solvent conditions and molten salts.\nThese calculations are aided by a novel nonequilibrium statistical reweighting\nscheme that allows for the conductivity to be computed as a continuous function\nof the applied field. In strong electrolytes, we find the fluctuations of the\nionic current are Gaussian and subsequently the conductivity is constant with\napplied field. In weaker electrolytes and molten salts, we find the\nfluctuations of the ionic current are strongly non-Gaussian and the\nconductivity increases with applied field. This nonlinear behavior, known\nphenomenologically for dilute electrolytes as the Onsager-Wien effect, is\ngeneral and results from the suppression of ionic correlations at large applied\nfields, as we elucidate through both dynamic and static correlations within\nnonequilibrium steady-states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Periodically, Quasi-periodically, and Randomly Driven Conformal Field\n  Theories (II): Furstenberg's Theorem and Exceptions to Heating Phases: In this sequel (to [Phys. Rev. Res. 3, 023044(2021)], arXiv:2006.10072), we\nstudy randomly driven $(1+1)$ dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs), a\nfamily of quantum many-body systems with soluble non-equilibrium quantum\ndynamics. The sequence of driving Hamiltonians is drawn from an independent and\nidentically distributed random ensemble. At each driving step, the deformed\nHamiltonian only involves the energy-momentum density spatially modulated at a\nsingle wavelength and therefore induces a M\\\"obius transformation on the\ncomplex coordinates. The non-equilibrium dynamics is then determined by the\ncorresponding sequence of M\\\"obius transformations, from which the Lyapunov\nexponent $\\lambda_L$ is defined. We use Furstenberg's theorem to classify the\ndynamical phases and show that except for a few \\emph{exceptional points} that\ndo not satisfy Furstenberg's criteria, the random drivings always lead to a\nheating phase with the total energy growing exponentially in the number of\ndriving steps $n$ and the subsystem entanglement entropy growing linearly in\n$n$ with a slope proportional to central charge $c$ and the Lyapunov exponent\n$\\lambda_L$. On the contrary, the subsystem entanglement entropy at an\nexceptional point could grow as $\\sqrt{n}$ while the total energy remains to\ngrow exponentially. In addition, we show that the distributions of the operator\nevolution and the energy density peaks are also useful characterizations to\ndistinguish the heating phase from the exceptional points: the heating phase\nhas both distributions to be continuous, while the exceptional points could\nsupport finite convex combinations of Dirac measures depending on their\nspecific type. In the end, we compare the field theory results with the lattice\nmodel calculations for both the entanglement and energy evolution and find\nremarkably good agreement.",
        "positive": "Observation of non-scalar and logarithmic correlations in 2D and 3D\n  percolation: Percolation, a paradigmatic geometric system in various branches of physical\nsciences, is known to possess logarithmic factors in its correlators. Starting\nfrom its definition, as the $Q\\rightarrow1$ limit of the $Q$-state Potts model\nwith $S_Q$ symmetry, in terms of geometrical clusters, its operator content as\n$N$-cluster observables has been classified. We extensively simulate critical\nbond percolation in two and three dimensions and determine with high precision\nthe $N$-cluster exponents and non-scalar features up to $N \\! =\\! 4$ (2D) and\n$N \\! =\\! 3$ (3D). The results are in excellent agreement with the predicted\nexact values in 2D, while such families of critical exponents have not been\nreported in 3D, to our knowledge. Finally, we demonstrate the validity of\npredictions about the logarithmic structure between the energy and two-cluster\noperators in 3D."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distributional Ergodicity in Stored-Energy-Driven L\u00e9vy Flights: We study a class of random walk, the stored-energy-driven L\\'evy flight\n(SEDLF), whose jump length is determined by a stored energy during a trapped\nstate. The SEDLF is a continuous-time random walk with jump lengths being\ncoupled with the trapping times. It is analytically shown that the\nensemble-averaged mean square displacements exhibit subdiffusion as well as\nsuperdiffusion, depending on the coupling parameter. We find that time-averaged\nmean square displacements increase linearly with time and the diffusion\ncoefficients are intrinsically random, a manifestation of {\\it distributional\nergodicity}. The diffusion coefficient shows aging in subdiffusive regime,\nwhereas it increases with the measurement time in superdiffusive regime.",
        "positive": "Reply to the comment by Jacobs and Thorpe: Reply to a comment on \"Infinite-Cluster geometry in central-force networks\",\nPRL 78 (1997), 1480. A discussion about the order of the rigidity percolation\ntransition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Can randomness alone tune the fractal dimension?: We present a generalized stochastic Cantor set by means of a simple {\\it cut\nand delete process} and discuss the self-similar properties of the arising\ngeometric structure. To increase the flexibility of the model, two free\nparameters, $m$ and $b$, are introduced which tune the relative strength of the\ntwo processes and the degree of randomness respectively. In doing so, we have\nidentified a new set with a wide spectrum of subsets produced by tuning either\n$m$ or $b$. Measuring the size of the resulting set in terms of fractal\ndimension, we show that the fractal dimension increases with increasing order\nand reaches its maximum value when the randomness is completely ceased.",
        "positive": "Quantum Quench for inhomogeneous states in the non-local Luttinger model: In the Luttinger model with non-local interaction we investigate, by exact\nanalytical methods, the time evolution of an inhomogeneous state with a\nlocalized fermion added to the non interacting ground state. In absence of\ninteraction the averaged density has two peaks moving in opposite directions\nwith constant velocities. If the state is evolved with the interacting\nHamiltonian two main effects appear. The first is that the peaks have\nvelocities which are not constant but vary between a minimal and maximal value.\nThe second is that a dynamical `Landau quasi-particle weight' appears in the\noscillating part of the averaged density, asymptotically vanishing with time,\nas consequence of the fact that fermions are not excitations of the interacting\nHamiltonian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cohesive motion in one-dimensional flocking: A one-dimensional rule-based model for flocking, that combines velocity\nalignment and long-range centering interactions, is presented and studied. The\ninduced cohesion in the collective motion of the self-propelled agents leads to\na unique group behaviour that contrasts with previous studies. Our results show\nthat the largest cluster of particles, in the condensed states, develops a mean\nvelocity slower than the preferred one in the absence of noise. For strong\nnoise, the system also develops a non-vanishing mean velocity, alternating its\ndirection of motion stochastically. This allows us to address the directional\nswitching phenomenon. The effects of different sources of stochasticity on the\nsystem are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Metastability and spinodal points for a random walker on a triangle: We investigate time-dependent properties of a single particle model in which\na random walker moves on a triangle and is subjected to non-local boundary\nconditions. This model exhibits spontaneous breaking of a Z_2 symmetry. The\nreduced size of the configuration space (compared to related many-particle\nmodels that also show spontaneous symmetry breaking) allows us to study the\nspectrum of the time-evolution operator. We break the symmetry explicitly and\nfind a stable phase, and a meta-stable phase which vanishes at a spinodal\npoint. At this point, the spectrum of the time evolution operator has a gapless\nand universal band of excitations with a dynamical critical exponent z=1.\nSurprisingly, the imaginary parts of the eigenvalues E_j(L) are equally spaced,\nfollowing the rule Im E_j(L)\\propto j/L. Away from the spinodal point, we find\ntwo time scales in the spectrum. These results are related to scaling functions\nfor the mean path of the random walker and to first passage times. For the\nspinodal point, we find universal scaling behavior. A simplified version of the\nmodel which can be handled analytically is also presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasi-stationary states and incomplete violent relaxation in systems\n  with long-range interactions: We discuss the nature of quasi-stationary states (QSS) with non-Boltzmannian\ndistribution in systems with long-range interactions in relation with a process\nof incomplete violent relaxation based on the Vlasov equation. We discuss\nseveral attempts to characterize these QSS and explain why their prediction is\ndifficult in general.",
        "positive": "A Field Guide to Recent Work on the Foundations of Statistical Mechanics: This is an extensive review of recent work on the foundations of statistical\nmechanics. Subject matters discussed include: interpretation of probability,\ntypicality, recurrence, reversibility, ergodicity, mixing, coarse graining,\npast hypothesis, reductionism, phase average, thermodynamic limit,\ninterventionism, entropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evolutionary optimization of the Verlet closure relation for the\n  hard-sphere and square-well fluids: The Ornstein-Zernike equation is solved for the hard-sphere and square-well\nfluids using a diverse selection of closure relations; the attraction range of\nthe square-well is chosen to be $\\lambda=1.5.$ In particular, for both fluids\nwe mainly focus on the solution based on a three-parameter version of the\nVerlet closure relation [Mol. Phys. 42, 1291-1302 (1981)]. To find the free\nparameters of the latter, an unconstrained optimization problem is defined as a\ncondition of thermodynamic consistency based on the compressibility and solved\nusing Evolutionary Algorithms. For the hard-sphere fluid, the results show good\nagreement when compared with mean-field equations of state and accurate\ncomputer simulation results; at high densities, i.e., close to the freezing\ntransition, expected (small) deviations are seen. In the case of the\nsquare-well fluid, a good agreement is observed at low and high densities when\ncompared with event-driven molecular dynamics computer simulations. For\nintermediate densities, the explored closure relations vary in terms of\naccuracy. Our findings suggest that a modification of the optimization problem\nto include, for example, additional thermodynamic consistency criteria could\nimprove the results for the type of fluids here explored.",
        "positive": "Size limiting in Tsallis statistics: Power law scaling is observed in many physical, biological and\nsocio-economical complex systems and is now considered as an important property\nof these systems. In general, power law exists in the central part of the\ndistribution. It has deviations from power law for very small and very large\nstep sizes. Tsallis, through non-extensive thermodynamics, explained power law\ndistribution in many cases including deviation from the power law, both for\nsmall and very large steps. In case of very large steps, they used heuristic\ncrossover approach. In real systems, the size is limited and thus, the size\nlimiting factor is important. In the present work, we present an alternative\nmodel in which we consider that the entropy factor q decreases with step size\ndue to the softening of long range interactions or memory. This explains the\ndeviation of power law for very large step sizes. Finally, we apply this model\nfor distribution of citation index of scientists and examination scores and are\nable to explain the entire distribution including deviations from power law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact results for the temperature-field behavior of the Ginzburg-Landau\n  Ising type mean-field model: We investigate the dependence of the order parameter profile, local and total\nsusceptibilities on both the temperature and external magnetic field within the\nmean-filed Ginzburg-Landau Ising type model. We study the case of a film\ngeometry when the boundaries of the film exhibit strong adsorption to one of\nthe phases (components) of the system. We do that using general scaling\narguments and deriving exact analytical results for the corresponding scaling\nfunctions of these quantities. In addition, we examine their behavior in the\ncapillary condensation regime. Based on the derived exact analytical\nexpressions we obtained an unexpected result -- the existence of a region in\nthe phase transitions line where the system jumps below its bulk critical\ntemperature from a less dense gas to a more dense gas before switching on\ncontinuously into the usual jump from gas to liquid state in the middle of the\nsystem. It is also demonstrated that on the capillary condensation line one of\nthe coexisting local susceptibility profiles is with one maximum, whereas the\nother one is with two local maxima centered, approximately, around the two\ngas-liquid interfaces in the system.",
        "positive": "Low temperature thermodynamics of inverse square spin models in one\n  dimension: We present a field-theoretic renormalization group calculation in two loop\norder for classical O(N)-models with an inverse square interaction in the\nvicinity of their lower critical dimensionality one. The magnetic\nsusceptibility at low temperatures is shown to diverge like $T^{-a} \\exp(b/T)$\nwith $a=(N-2)/(N-1)$ and $b=2\\pi^2/(N-1)$. From a comparison with the exactly\nsolvable Haldane-Shastry model we find that the same temperature dependence\napplies also to ferromagnetic quantum spin chains."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Eigenvalue crossing as a phase transition in relaxation dynamics: When a system's parameter is abruptly changed, a relaxation towards the new\nequilibrium of the system follows. We show that a crossing between the second\nand third eigenvalues of the relaxation matrix results in a relaxation\ntrajectory singularity, which is analogous to a first-order equilibrium phase\ntransition. We demonstrate this in a minimal 4-state system and in the\nthermodynamic limit of the 1D Ising model.",
        "positive": "Effective interactions due to quantum fluctuations: Quantum lattice systems are rigorously studied at low temperatures. When the\nHamiltonian of the system consists of a potential (diagonal) term and a - small\n- off-diagonal matrix containing typically quantum effects, such as a hopping\nmatrix, we show that the latter creates an effective interaction between the\nparticles.\n  In the case that the potential matrix has infinitely many degenerate ground\nstates, some of them may be stabilized by the effective potential. The low\ntemperature phase diagram is thus a small deformation of the zero temperature\nphase diagram of the diagonal potential and the effective potential. As\nillustrations we discuss the asymmetric Hubbard model and the hard-core\nBose-Hubbard model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random walk with hyperbolic probabilities: The random walk with hyperbolic probabilities that we are introducing is an\nexample of stochastic diffusion in a one-dimensional heterogeneous media.\nAlthough driven by site-dependent one-step transition probabilities, the\nprocess retains some of the features of a simple random walk, shows other\ntraits that one would associate with a biased random walk and, at the same\ntime, presents new properties not related with either of them. In particular,\nwe show how the system is not fully ergodic, as not every statistic can be\nestimated from a single realization of the process. We further give a geometric\ninterpretation for the origin of these irregular transition probabilities.",
        "positive": "Theoretical Results for Sandpile Models of SOC with Multiple Topplings: We study a directed stochastic sandpile model of Self-Organized Criticality,\nwhich exhibits recurrent, multiple topplings, putting it in a separate\nuniversality class from the exactly solved model of Dhar and Ramaswamy. We show\nthat in the steady-state all stable states are equally likely. Then we\nexplicitly derive a discrete dynamical equation for avalanches on the lattice.\nBy coarse-graining we arrive at a continuous Langevin equation for the\npropagation of avalanches and calculate all the critical exponents\ncharacterizing them. The avalanche equation is similar to the Edwards-Wilkinson\nequation, but with a noise amplitude that is a threshold function of the local\navalanche activity, or interface height, leading to a stable absorbing state\nwhen the avalanche dies. It represents a new type of absorbing state phase\ntransition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The influence of the crystal lattice on coarsening in unstable epitaxial\n  growth: We report the results of computer simulations of epitaxial growth in the\npresence of a large Schwoebel barrier on different crystal surfaces: simple\ncubic(001), bcc(001), simple hexagonal(001) and hcp(001). We find, that mounds\ncoarse by a step edge diffusion driven process, if adatoms can diffuse\nrelatively far along step edges without being hindered by kink-edge diffusion\nbarriers. This yields the scaling exponents alpha = 1, beta = 1/3. These\nexponents are independent of the symmetry of the crystal surface. The crystal\nlattice, however, has strong effects on the morphology of the mounds, which are\nby no means restricted to trivial symmetry effects: while we observe pyramidal\nshapes on the simple lattices, on bcc and hcp there are two fundamentally\ndifferent classes of mounds, which are encompanied by characteristic diffusion\ncurrents: a metastable one with rounded corners, and an actively coarsening\nconfiguration, which breaks the symmetry given by the crystal surface.",
        "positive": "On regular and random two-dimensional packing of crosses: Packing problems, even of objects with regular geometries, are in general\nnon-trivial. For few special shapes, the features of crystalline as well as\nrandom, irregular two-dimensional (2D) packings are known. The packing of 2D\ncrosses does not yet belong to the category of solved problems. We demonstrate\nin experiments with crosses of different aspect ratios (arm width to length)\nwhich packing fractions are actually achieved by random packing, and we compare\nthem to densest regular packing structures. We determine local correlations of\nthe orientations and positions after ensembles of randomly placed crosses were\ncompacted in the plane until they jam. Short-range orientational order is found\nover 2 to 3 cross lengths. Similarly, correlations in the spatial distributions\nof neighbors extend over 2 to 3 crosses. Apparently, there is no simple\nrelation between the geometries of the crosses and peaks in the spatial\ncorrelation functions. Some features of the orientational correlations,\nhowever, are intuitively evident."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergence and complexity in theoretical models of self-organized\n  criticality: In this thesis we present few theoretical studies of the models of\nself-organized criticality. Following a brief introduction of self-organized\ncriticality, we discuss three main problems. The first problem is about growing\npatterns formed in the abelian sandpile model (ASM). The patterns exhibit\nproportionate growth where different parts of the pattern grow in same rate,\nkeeping the overall shape unchanged. This non-trivial property, often found in\nbiological growth, has received increasing attention in recent years. In this\nthesis, we present a mathematical characterization of a large class of such\npatterns in terms of discrete holomorphic functions. In the second problem, we\ndiscuss a well known model of self-organized criticality introduced by Zhang in\n1989. We present an exact analysis of the model and quantitatively explain an\nintriguing property known as the emergence of quasi-units. In the third\nproblem, we introduce an operator algebra to determine the steady state of a\nclass of stochastic sandpile models.",
        "positive": "Reaction-diffusion and reaction-subdiffusion equations on arbitrarily\n  evolving domains: Reaction-diffusion equations are widely used as the governing evolution\nequations for modeling many physical, chemical, and biological processes. Here\nwe derive reaction-diffusion equations to model transport with reactions on a\none-dimensional domain that is evolving. The model equations, which have been\nderived from generalized continuous time random walks, can incorporate\ncomplexities such as subdiffusive transport and inhomogeneous domain stretching\nand shrinking. A method for constructing analytic expressions for short time\nmoments of the position of the particles is developed and moments calculated\nfrom this approach are shown to compare favourably with results from random\nwalk simulations and numerical integration of the reaction transport equation.\nThe results show the important role played by the initial condition. In\nparticular, it strongly affects the time dependence of the moments in the short\ntime regime by introducing additional drift and diffusion terms. We also\ndiscuss how our reaction transport equation could be applied to study the\nspreading of a population on an evolving interface."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Explosive first-order transition to synchrony in networked chaotic\n  oscillators: Critical phenomena in complex networks, and the emergence of dynamical abrupt\ntransitions in the macroscopic state of the system are currently a subject of\nthe outmost interest. We report evidence of an explosive phase synchronization\nin networks of chaotic units. Namely, by means of both extensive simulations of\nnetworks made up of chaotic units, and validation with an experiment of\nelectronic circuits in a star configuration, we demonstrate the existence of a\nfirst order transition towards synchronization of the phases of the networked\nunits. Our findings constitute the first prove of this kind of synchronization\nin practice, thus opening the path to its use in real-world applications.",
        "positive": "Induced P-wave superfluidity within full energy-momentum dependent\n  Eliashberg approximation in asymmetric dilute Fermi gases: We consider a very asymmetric system of Fermions with an interaction\ncharacterized by a positive scattering length only. The minority atoms pair and\nform a BEC of dimers, while the surplus fermions interact only indirectly\nthrough the exchange of Bogoliubov sound modes. This interaction has a finite\nrange, the retardation effects are significant and the surplus fermions will\nform a P-wave superfluid. We compute the P-wave pairing gap in the BCS and\nEliashberg with only energy dependence approximations, and demonstrate their\ninadequacy in comparison with a full treatment of the momentum and energy\ndependence of the induced interaction. The pairing gap computed with a full\nmomentum and energy dependence is significantly larger in magnitude and that\nmakes it more likely that this new exotic paired phase could be put in evidence\nin atomic trap experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Charge and Current Sum Rules in Quantum Media Coupled to Radiation II: This paper is a continuation of the previous study [\\v{S}amaj, L.: J. Stat.\nPhys. {\\bf 137}, 1-17 (2009)], where a sequence of sum rules for the\nequilibrium charge and current density correlation functions in an infinite\n(bulk) quantum media coupled to the radiation was derived by using Rytov's\nfluctuational electrodynamics. Here, we extend the previous results to\ninhomogeneous situations, in particular to the three-dimensional interface\ngeometry of two joint semi-infinite media. The sum rules derived for the\ncharge-charge density correlations represent a generalization of the previous\nones, related to the interface dipole moment and to the long-ranged tail of the\nsurface charge density correlation function along the interface of a conductor\nin contact with an inert (not fluctuating) dielectric wall, to two fluctuating\nsemi-infinite media of any kind. The charge-current and current-current sum\nrules obtained here are, to our knowledge, new. The current-current sum rules\nindicate a breaking of the directional invariance of the diagonal\ncurrent-current correlations by the interface. The sum rules are expressed\nexplicitly in the classical high-temperature limit (the static case) and for\nthe jellium model (the time-dependent case).",
        "positive": "Extreme reductions of entropy in an electronic double dot: We experimentally study negative fluctuations of stochastic entropy\nproduction in an electronic double dot operating in nonequilibrium steady-state\nconditions. We record millions of random electron tunneling events at different\nbias points, thus collecting extensive statistics. We show that for all bias\nvoltages the experimental average values of the minima of stochastic entropy\nproduction lie above $-k_B$, where $k_B$ is the Boltzmann constant, in\nagreement with recent theoretical predictions for nonequilibrium steady states.\nFurthermore, we also demonstrate that the experimental cumulative distribution\nof the entropy production minima is bounded, at all times and for all bias\nvoltages, by a universal expression predicted by the theory. We also extend our\ntheory by deriving a general bound for the average value of the maximum heat\nabsorbed by a mesoscopic system from the environment and compare this result\nwith experimental data. Finally, we show by numerical simulations that these\nresults are not necessarily valid under non-stationary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A novel method for evaluating the critical nucleus and the surface\n  tension in systems with first order phase transition: We introduce a novel method for calculating the size of the critical nucleus\nand the value of the surface tension in systems with first order phase\ntransition. The method is based on classical nucleation theory, and it consists\nin studying the thermodynamics of a sphere of given radius embedded in a frozen\nmetastable surrounding. The frozen configuration creates a pinning field on the\nsurface of the free sphere. The pinning field forces the sphere to stay in the\nmetastable phase as long as its size is smaller than the critical nucleus. We\ntest our method in two first-order systems, both on a two-dimensional lattice:\na system where the parameter tuning the transition is the magnetic field, and a\nsecond system where the tuning parameter is the temperature. In both cases the\nresults are satisfying. Unlike previous techniques, our method does not require\nan infinite volume limit to compute the surface tension, and it therefore gives\nreliable estimates even by using relatively small systems. However, our method\ncannot be used at, or close to, the critical point, i.e. at coexistence, where\nthe critical nucleus becomes infinitely large.",
        "positive": "Stationary states of Bose-Einstein condensates in single- and multi-well\n  trapping potentials: The stationary solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation can be divided in\ntwo classes: those which reduce, in the limit of vanishing nonlinearity, to the\neigenfunctions of the associated Schr\\\"odinger equation and those which do not\nhave linear counterpart. Analytical and numerical results support an existence\ncondition for the solutions of the first class in terms of the ratio between\ntheir proper frequency and the corresponding linear eigenvalue. For\none-dimensional confined systems, we show that solutions without linear\ncounterpart do exist in presence of a multi-well external potential. These\nsolutions, which in the limit of strong nonlinearity have the form of chains of\ndark or bright solitons located near the extrema of the potential, represent\nmacroscopically excited states of a Bose-Einstein condensate and are in\nprinciple experimentally observable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Orientational glass: full replica symmetry breaking in generalized spin\n  glass-like models without reflection symmetry: We investigate near the point of glass transition the expansion of the free\nenergy corresponding to the generalized Sherrington--Kirkpatrick model with\narbitrary diagonal operators U standing instead of Ising spins. We focus on the\ncase when U is an operator with broken reflection symmetry. Such a\nconsideration is important for understanding the behavior of spin-glass-like\nphases in a number of real physical systems, mainly in orientational glasses in\nmixed molecular crystals which present just the case. We build explicitly a\nfull replica symmetry breaking (FRSB) solution of the equations for the\norientational glass order parameters when the non-symmetric part of U is small.\nThis particular result presents a counterexample in the context of usually\nadopted conjecture of the absence of FRSB solution in systems with no\nreflection symmetry.",
        "positive": "Length scale dependence of the Stokes-Einstein and Adam-Gibbs relations\n  in model glass formers: The Adam-Gibbs (AG) relation connects the dynamics of a glass-forming liquid\nto its the thermodynamics via. the configurational entropy, and is of\nfundamental importance in descriptions of glassy behaviour. The breakdown of\nthe Stokes-Einstein (SEB) relation between the diffusion coefficient and the\nviscosity (or structural relaxation times) in glass formers raises the question\nas to which dynamical quantity the AG relation describes. By performing\nmolecular dynamics simulations, we show that the AG relation is valid over the\nwidest temperature range for the diffusion coefficient and not for the\nviscosity or relaxation times. Studying relaxation times defined at a given\nwavelength, we find that SEB and the deviation from the AG relation occur below\na temperature at which the correlation length of dynamical heterogeneity equals\nthe wavelength probed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymmetric L\u00e9vy flights in the presence of absorbing boundaries: We consider a one dimensional asymmetric random walk whose jumps are\nidentical, independent and drawn from a distribution \\phi(\\eta) displaying\nasymmetric power law tails (i.e. \\phi(\\eta) \\sim c/\\eta^{\\alpha +1} for large\npositive jumps and \\phi(\\eta) \\sim c/(\\gamma |\\eta|^{\\alpha +1}) for large\nnegative jumps, with 0 < \\alpha < 2). In absence of boundaries and after a\nlarge number of steps n, the probability density function (PDF) of the walker\nposition, x_n, converges to an asymmetric L\\'evy stable law of stability index\n\\alpha and skewness parameter \\beta=(\\gamma-1)/(\\gamma+1). In particular the\nright tail of this PDF decays as c n/x_n^{1+\\alpha}. Much less is known when\nthe walker is confined, or partially confined, in a region of the space. In\nthis paper we first study the case of a walker constrained to move on the\npositive semi-axis and absorbed once it changes sign. In this case, the\npersistence exponent \\theta_+, which characterizes the algebraic large time\ndecay of the survival probability, can be computed exactly and we show that the\ntail of the PDF of the walker position decays as c \\, n/[(1-\\theta_+) \\,\nx_n^{1+\\alpha}]. This last result can be generalized in higher dimensions such\nas a planar L\\'evy walker confined in a wedge with absorbing walls. Our results\nare corroborated by precise numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Hard sphere fluids confined between soft repulsive walls: A comparative\n  study using Monte Carlo and density functional methods: Hard-sphere fluids confined between parallel plates a distance $D$ apart are\nstudied for a wide range of packing fractions, including also the onset of\ncrystallization, applying Monte Carlo simulation techniques and density\nfunctional theory. The walls repel the hard spheres (of diameter $\\sigma$) with\na Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (WCA) potential $V_{WCA}(z) = 4 \\epsilon\n[(\\sigma_w/z)^{12}-(\\sigma_w/z)^6 + 1/4]$, with range $\\sigma_w = \\sigma/2$. We\nvary the strength $\\epsilon$ over a wide range and the case of simple hard\nwalls is also treated for comparison. By the variation of $\\epsilon$ one can\nchange both the surface excess packing fraction and the wall-fluid\n$(\\gamma_{wf})$ and wall-crystal $(\\gamma_{wc})$ surface free energies. Several\ndifferent methods to extract $\\gamma_{wf}$ and $\\gamma_{wc}$ from Monte Carlo\n(MC) simulations are implemented, and their accuracy and efficiency is\ncomparatively discussed. The density functional theory (DFT) using Fundamental\nMeasure functionals is found to be quantitatively accurate over a wide range of\npacking fractions; small deviations between DFT and MC near the fluid to\ncrystal transition need to be studied further. Our results on density profiles\nnear soft walls could be useful to interpret corresponding experiments with\nsuitable colloidal dispersions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low-dissipation self-assembly protocols of active sticky particles: We use neuroevolutionary learning to identify time-dependent protocols for\nlow-dissipation self-assembly in a model of generic active particles with\ninteractions. When the time allotted for assembly is sufficiently long,\nlow-dissipation protocols use only interparticle attractions, producing an\namount of entropy that scales as the number of particles. When time is too\nshort to allow assembly to proceed via diffusive motion, low-dissipation\nassembly protocols instead require particle self-propulsion, producing an\namount of entropy that scales with the number of particles and the swim length\nrequired to cause assembly. Self-propulsion therefore provides an expensive but\nnecessary mechanism for inducing assembly when time is of the essence.",
        "positive": "On the density matrix of nonequilibrium steady-state statistical\n  mechanics: This paper derives a density matrix of the steady-state statistical mechanics\ncompatible with the steady-state thermodynamics proposed by Oono and Paniconi\n[Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. {\\bf 130}, 29 (1998)]. To this end, we adopt three\nplausible basic assumptions for uniform steady states: (i) equivalence between\nany two subsystems of the total, (ii) statistical independence between any two\nsubsystems, and (iii) additivity of energy. With a suitable definition of\nenergy, it is then shown that uniform steady states driven by mechanical forces\nmay be described by the Gibbs distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiscale temporal integrators for fluctuating hydrodynamics: Following on our previous work [S. Delong and B. E. Griffith and E.\nVanden-Eijnden and A. Donev, Phys. Rev. E, 87(3):033302, 2013], we develop\ntemporal integrators for solving Langevin stochastic differential equations\nthat arise in fluctuating hydrodynamics. Our simple predictor-corrector schemes\nadd fluctuations to standard second-order deterministic solvers in a way that\nmaintains second-order weak accuracy for linearized fluctuating hydrodynamics.\nWe construct a general class of schemes and recommend two specific schemes: an\nexplicit midpoint method, and an implicit trapezoidal method. We also construct\npredictor-corrector methods for integrating the overdamped limit of systems of\nequations with a fast and slow variable in the limit of infinite separation of\nthe fast and slow timescales. We propose using random finite differences to\napproximate some of the stochastic drift terms that arise because of the\nkinetic multiplicative noise in the limiting dynamics. We illustrate our\nintegrators on two applications involving the development of giant\nnonequilibrium concentration fluctuations in diffusively-mixing fluids. We\nfirst study the development of giant fluctuations in recent experiments\nperformed in microgravity using an overdamped integrator. We then include the\neffects of gravity, and find that we also need to include the effects of fluid\ninertia, which affects the dynamics of the concentration fluctuations greatly\nat small wavenumbers.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions and gaps in quantum random energy models: By using a previously established exact characterization of the ground state\nof random potential systems in the thermodynamic limit, we determine the ground\nand first excited energy levels of quantum random energy models, discrete and\ncontinuous. We rigorously establish the existence of a universal first order\nquantum phase transition, obeyed by both the ground and the first excited\nstates. The presence of an exponentially vanishing minimal gap at the\ntransition is general but, quite interestingly, the gap averaged over the\nrealizations of the random potential is finite. This fact leaves still open the\nchance for some effective quantum annealing algorithm, not necessarily based on\na quantum adiabatic scheme."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Link and subgraph likelihoods in random undirected networks with fixed\n  and partially fixed degree sequence: The simplest null models for networks, used to distinguish significant\nfeatures of a particular network from {\\it a priori} expected features, are\nrandom ensembles with the degree sequence fixed by the specific network of\ninterest. These \"fixed degree sequence\" (FDS) ensembles are, however, famously\nresistant to analytic attack. In this paper we introduce ensembles with\npartially-fixed degree sequences (PFDS) and compare analytic results obtained\nfor them with Monte Carlo results for the FDS ensemble. These results include\nlink likelihoods, subgraph likelihoods, and degree correlations. We find that\nlocal structural features in the FDS ensemble can be reasonably well estimated\nby simultaneously fixing only the degrees of few nodes, in addition to the\ntotal number of nodes and links. As test cases we use a food web, two protein\ninteraction networks (\\textit{E. coli, S. cerevisiae}), the internet on the\nautonomous system (AS) level, and the World Wide Web. Fixing just the degrees\nof two nodes gives the mean neighbor degree as a function of node degree,\n$<k'>_k$, in agreement with results explicitly obtained from rewiring. For\npower law degree distributions, we derive the disassortativity analytically. In\nthe PFDS ensemble the partition function can be expanded diagrammatically. We\nobtain an explicit expression for the link likelihood to lowest order, which\nreduces in the limit of large, sparse undirected networks with $L$ links and\nwith $k_{\\rm max} \\ll L$ to the simple formula $P(k,k') = kk'/(2L + kk')$. In a\nsimilar limit, the probability for three nodes to be linked into a triangle\nreduces to the factorized expression $P_{\\Delta}(k_1,k_2,k_3) =\nP(k_1,k_2)P(k_1,k_3)P(k_2,k_3)$.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic formalism for transport coefficients with an application\n  to the shear modulus and shear viscosity: We discuss Onsager's thermodynamic formalism for transport coefficients and\napply it to the calculation of the shear modulus and shear viscosity of a\nmonodisperse system of repulsive particles. We focus on the concept of\nextensive \"distance\" and intensive \"field\" conjugated via a Fenchel-Legendre\ntransform involving a thermodynamic(-like) potential, which allows to switch\nensembles. Employing Brownian dynamics, we calculate both the shear modulus and\nthe shear viscosity from strain fluctuations and show that they agree with\ndirect calculations from strained and non-equilibrium simulations,\nrespectively. We find a dependence of the fluctuations on the coupling strength\nto the strain reservoir, which can be traced back to the discrete-time\nintegration. These results demonstrate the viability of exploiting fluctuations\nof extensive quantities for the numerical calculation of transport\ncoefficients."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Four Lectures on the Random Field Ising Model, Parisi-Sourlas\n  Supersymmetry, and Dimensional Reduction: Numerical evidence suggests that the Random Field Ising Model loses\nParisi-Sourlas SUSY and the dimensional reduction property somewhere between 4\nand 5 dimensions, while a related model of branched polymers retains these\nfeatures in any $d$. These notes give a leisurely introduction to a recent\ntheory, developed jointly with A. Kaviraj and E. Trevisani, which aims to\nexplain these facts. Based on the lectures given in Cortona and at the IHES in\n2022.",
        "positive": "Fast computation of multi-scale combustion systems: In the present work, we illustrate the process of constructing a simplified\nmodel for complex multi-scale combustion systems. To this end, reduced models\nof homogeneous ideal gas mixtures of methane and air are first obtained by the\nnovel Relaxation Redistribution Method (RRM) and thereafter used for the\nextraction of all the missing variables in a reactive flow simulation with a\nglobal reaction model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Molecular simulations minimally restrained by experimental data: One popular approach to incorporating experimental data into molecular\nsimulations is to restrain the ensemble average of observables to their\nexperimental values. Here I derive equations for the equilibrium distributions\ngenerated by restrained ensemble simulations and the corresponding expected\nvalues of observables. My results suggest a method to restrain simulations so\nthat they generate distributions that are minimally perturbed from the unbiased\ndistributions while reproducing the experimental values of the observables\nwithin their measurement uncertainties.",
        "positive": "Unifying thermodynamic and kinetic descriptions of single-molecule\n  processes: RNA unfolding under tension: We use mesoscopic non-equilibrium thermodynamics theory to describe RNA\nunfolding under tension. The theory introduces reaction coordinates,\ncharacterizing a continuum of states for each bond in the molecule. The\nunfolding considered is so slow that one can assume local equilibrium in the\nspace of the reaction coordinates. In the quasi-stationary limit of high\nsequential barriers, our theory yields the master equation of a recently\nproposed sequential-step model. Non-linear switching kinetics is found between\nopen and closed states. Our theory unifies the thermodynamic and kinetic\ndescriptions and offers a systematic procedure to characterize the dynamics of\nthe unfolding process"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bose-Einstein transition in a dilute interacting gas: We study the effects of repulsive interactions on the critical density for\nthe Bose-Einstein transition in a homogeneous dilute gas of bosons. First, we\npoint out that the simple mean field approximation produces no change in the\ncritical density, or critical temperature, and discuss the inadequacies of\nvarious contradictory results in the literature. Then, both within the\nframeworks of Ursell operators and of Green's functions, we derive\nself-consistent equations that include the dynamic correlations in the system\nand predict the change of the critical density. We argue that the dominant\ncontribution to this change can be obtained within classical field theory and\nshow that the lowest order correction introduced by interactions is linear in\nthe scattering length, $a$, with a positive coefficient. Finally, we calculate\nthis coefficient within various approximations, and compare with various recent\nnumerical estimates.",
        "positive": "AOUP in the presence of Brownian noise: a perturbative approach: By working in the small persistence time limit, we determine the steady-state\ndistribution of an Active Ornstein Uhlenbeck Particle (AOUP) experiencing, in\naddition to self-propulsion, a Gaussian white noise modelling a bath at\ntemperature T. This allows us to derive analytical formulas for three\nquantities: the spatial density of a confined particle, the current induced by\nan asymmetric periodic potential and the entropy production rate. These\nformulas disentangle the respective roles of the passive and active noises on\nthe steady state of AOUPs, showing that signatures of non-equilibrium can\ndisplay surprising behaviors as the temperature is varied. Indeed, depending on\nthe potential in which the particle evolves, both the current and the entropy\nproduction rate can be non-monotonic functions of T. The latter can even\ndiverge at high temperature for steep enough confining potentials. Thus,\ndepending on context, switching on translational diffusion may drive the\nparticle closer to or further away from equilibrium. We then probe the range of\nvalidity of our quantitative derivations by numerical simulations. Finally, we\nexplain how the method presented here to tackle perturbatively an Ornstein\nUhlenbeck (OU) noise could be further generalized beyond the Brownian case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Instability and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Alternans in Paced Cardiac\n  Tissue: We derive an equation that governs the spatiotemporal dynamics of small\namplitude alternans in paced cardiac tissue. We show that a pattern-forming\nlinear instability leads to the spontaneous formation of stationary or\ntraveling waves whose nodes divide the tissue into regions with opposite phase\nof oscillation of action potential duration. This instability is important\nbecause it creates dynamically an heterogeneous electrical substrate for\ninducing fibrillation if the tissue size exceeds a fraction of the pattern\nwavelength. We compute this wavelength analytically as a function of three\nbasic length scales characterizing dispersion and inter-cellular electrical\ncoupling.",
        "positive": "Weak ergodicity breaking induced by global memory effects: We study the phenomenon of weak ergodicity breaking for a class of globally\ncorrelated random walk dynamics defined over a finite set of states. The\npersistence in a given state or the transition to another one depends on the\nwhole previous temporal history of the system. A set of waiting time\ndistributions, associated to each state, set the random times between\nconsecutive steps. Their mean value is finite for all states. The probability\ndensity of time-averaged observables is obtained for different memory\nmechanisms. This statistical object explicitly shows departures between time\nand ensemble averages. While the mean residence time in each state may result\ndivergent, we demonstrate that this condition is in general not necessary for\nbreaking ergodicity. Hence, global memory effects are an alternative mechanism\nable to induce this property. Analytical and numerical calculations support\nthese results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation and crystal nucleation in a lattice gas with a realistic\n  phase diagram: We reconsider model II of [J. Chem. Phys. 1968, 49, 1778--1783], a\ntwo-dimensional lattice-gas system featuring a crystalline phase and two\ndistinct fluid phases (liquid and vapor). In this system, a particle prevents\nother particles from occupying sites up to third neighbors on the square\nlattice, while attracting (with decreasing strength) particles sitting at\nfourth- or fifth-neighbor sites. To make the model more realistic, we assume a\nfinite repulsion at third-neighbor distance, with the result that a second\ncrystalline phase appears at higher pressures. However, the similarity with\nreal-world substances is only partial: on closer inspection the alleged\nliquid-vapor transition turns out to be a continuous (albeit sharp) crossover,\neven near the putative triple point. Closer to the standard picture is instead\nthe freezing transition, as we show by computing the free-energy barrier to\ncrystal nucleation from the \"liquid\".",
        "positive": "Relationship between a Non-Markovian Process and Fokker-Planck Equation: We demonstrate the equivalence of a Non--Markovian evolution equation with a\nlinear memory--coupling and a Fokker--Planck equation (FPE). In case the\nfeedback term offers a direct and permanent coupling of the current probability\ndensity to an initial distribution, the corresponding FPE offers a non-trivial\ndrift term depending itself on the diffusion parameter. As the consequence the\ndeterministic part of the underlying Langevin equation is likewise determined\nby the noise strength of the stochastic part. This memory induced stochastic\nbehavior is discussed for different initial distributions. The analytical\ncalculations are supported by numerical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal quenches in the stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation: morphology\n  of the vortex network: We study the evolution of 3d weakly interacting bosons at finite chemical\npotential with the stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We fully characterise\nthe vortex network in an out of equilibrium. At high temperature the filament\nstatistics are the ones of fully-packed loop models. The vortex tangle\nundergoes a geometric percolation transition within the thermodynamically\nordered phase. After infinitely fast quenches across the thermodynamic critical\npoint deep into the ordered phase, we identify a first approach towards the\ncritical percolation state, a later coarsening process that does not alter the\nfractal properties of the long vortex loops, and a final approach to\nequilibrium. Our results are also relevant to the statistics of linear defects\nin type II superconductors, magnetic materials and cosmological models.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics of lossy compression using multilayer perceptrons: Statistical mechanics is applied to lossy compression using multilayer\nperceptrons for unbiased Boolean messages. We utilize a tree-like committee\nmachine (committee tree) and tree-like parity machine (parity tree) whose\ntransfer functions are monotonic. For compression using committee tree, a lower\nbound of achievable distortion becomes small as the number of hidden units K\nincreases. However, it cannot reach the Shannon bound even where K -> infty.\nFor a compression using a parity tree with K >= 2 hidden units, the rate\ndistortion function, which is known as the theoretical limit for compression,\nis derived where the code length becomes infinity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Asymptotics of the Finite-Perimeter Partition Function of\n  Two-Dimensional Lattice Vesicles: We derive the dominant asymptotic form and the order of the correction terms\nof the finite-perimeter partition function of self-avoiding polygons on the\nsquare lattice, which are weighted according to their area A as q^A, in the\ninflated regime, q>1. The approach q->1^+ of the asymptotic form is examined.",
        "positive": "Basic Ideas to Approach Metastability in Probabilistic Cellular Automata: Cellular Automata are discrete--time dynamical systems on a spatially\nextended discrete space which provide paradigmatic examples of nonlinear\nphenomena. Their stochastic generalizations, i.e., Probabilistic Cellular\nAutomata, are discrete time Markov chains on lattice with finite single--cell\nstates whose distinguishing feature is the \\textit{parallel} character of the\nupdating rule. We review some of the results obtained about the metastable\nbehavior of Probabilistic Cellular Automata and we try to point out\ndifficulties and peculiarities with respect to standard Statistical Mechanics\nLattice models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Drastic fall-off of the thermal conductivity for disordered lattices in\n  the limit of weak anharmonic interactions: We study the thermal conductivity, at fixed positive temperature, of a\ndisordered lattice of harmonic oscillators, weakly coupled to each other\nthrough anharmonic potentials. The interaction is controlled by a small\nparameter $\\epsilon > 0$. We rigorously show, in two slightly different setups,\nthat the conductivity has a non-perturbative origin. This means that it decays\nto zero faster than any polynomial in $\\epsilon$ as $\\epsilon\\rightarrow 0$. It\nis then argued that this result extends to a disordered chain studied by Dhar\nand Lebowitz, and to a classical spins chain recently investigated by\nOganesyan, Pal and Huse.",
        "positive": "Polar flock in the presence of random quenched rotators: We study a collection of polar self-propelled particles (SPPs) on a\ntwo-dimensional substrate in the presence of random quenched rotators. These\nrotators act like obstacles which rotate the orientation of the SPPs by an\nangle determined by their intrinsic orientations. In the zero self-propulsion\nlimit, our model reduces to the equilibrium $XY$ model with quenched disorder,\nwhile for the clean system, it is similar to the Vicsek model for polar flock.\nWe note that a small amount of the quenched rotators destroys the long-range\norder usually noted in the clean SPPs. The system shows a quasi-long range\norder state upto some moderate density of the rotators. On further increment in\nthe density of rotators, the system shows a continuous transition from the\nquasi-long-range order to disorder state at some critical density of rotators.\nOur linearized hydrodynamic calculation predicts anisotropic higher order\nfluctuation in two-point structure factors for density and velocity fields of\nthe SPPs. We argue that nonlinear terms probably suppress this fluctuation such\nthat no long-range order but only a quasi-long-range order prevails in the\nsystem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stock market crashes are outliers: We call attention against what seems to a widely held misconception according\nto which large crashes are the largest events of distributions of price\nvariations with fat tails. We demonstrate on the Dow Jones Industrial index\nthat with high probability the three largest crashes in this century are\noutliers. This result supports suggestion that large crashes result from\nspecific amplification processes that might lead to observable pre-cursory\nsignatures.",
        "positive": "The Phase Dynamics of Earthquakes: Implications for Forecasting in\n  Southern California: We analyze the space-time patterns of earthquake occurrence in southern\nCalifornia using a new method that treats earthquakes as a phase dynamical\nsystem. The system state vector is used to obtain a probability measure for\ncurrent and future earthquake occurrence. Thousands of statistical tests\nindicate the method has considerable forecast skill. We emphasize that the\nmethod is not a model, and there are no unconstrained or free parameters to be\ndetermined by fits to training data sets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Game susceptibility, Correlation and Payoff capacity as a measure of\n  Cooperative behavior in the thermodynamic limit of some Social dilemmas: Analytically, finding the origins of cooperative behavior in infinite-player\ngames is an exciting topic of current interest. Previously, cooperative\nbehavior has been studied by considering game magnetization and individual\nplayer's average payoff as indicators. This paper shows that game\nsusceptibility, correlation, and payoff capacity can aid in understanding\ncooperative behavior in social dilemmas in the thermodynamic limit. In this\npaper, we compare three analytical methods, i.e., Nash equilibrium mapping\n(NEM), Darwinian selection (DS), and Aggregate selection (AS), with a\nnumerical-based method (ABM) via the game susceptibility, correlation, and\npayoff capacity as indicators of cooperative behavior. AS and DS fail compared\nto NEM and ABM by giving incorrect results for the indicators in question. The\nresults obtained via NEM and ABM are in good agreement for all three indicators\nin question, for both Hawk-Dove and the Public goods games. After comparing the\nresults obtained for all five indicators, we see that individual players'\naverage payoff and payoff capacity are the best indicators to study cooperative\nbehavior among players in the thermodynamic limit. This paper finds that NEM\nand ABM, along with the selected indicators, offer valuable insights into\ncooperative behavior in infinite-player games, contributing to understanding\nsocial dilemmas in the thermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium phase transitions in competitive markets caused by\n  network effects: Network effects are the added value derived solely from the popularity of a\nproduct in an economic market. Using agent-based models inspired by statistical\nphysics, we propose a minimal theory of a competitive market for (nearly)\nindistinguishable goods with demand-side network effects, sold by statistically\nidentical sellers. With weak network effects, the model reproduces conventional\nmicroeconomics: there is a statistical steady state of (nearly) perfect\ncompetition. Increasing network effects, we find a phase transition to a robust\nnon-equilibrium phase driven by the spontaneous formation and collapse of fads\nin the market. When sellers update prices sufficiently quickly, an emergent\nmonopolist can capture the market and undercut competition, leading to a\nsymmetry- and ergodicity-breaking transition. The non-equilibrium phase\nsimultaneously exhibits three empirically established phenomena not contained\nin the standard theory of competitive markets: spontaneous price fluctuations,\npersistent seller profits, and broad distributions of firm market shares."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Metadynamics for transition paths in irreversible dynamics: Stochastic systems often exhibit multiple viable metastable states that are\nlong-lived. Over very long timescales, fluctuations may push the system to\ntransition between them, drastically changing its macroscopic configuration. In\nrealistic systems, these transitions can happen via multiple physical\nmechanisms, corresponding to multiple distinct transition channels for a pair\nof states. In this paper, we use the fact that the transition path ensemble is\nequivalent to the invariant measure of a gradient flow in pathspace, which can\nbe efficiently sampled via metadynamics. We demonstrate how this pathspace\nmetadynamics, previously restricted to reversible molecular dynamics, is in\nfact very generally applicable to metastable stochastic systems, including\nirreversible and time-dependent ones, and allows to estimate rigorously the\nrelative probability of competing transition paths. We showcase this approach\non the study of a stochastic partial differential equation describing magnetic\nfield reversal in the presence of advection.",
        "positive": "Random-Cluster Representation of the Ashkin-Teller Model: We show that a class of spin models, containing the Ashkin-Teller model,\nadmits a generalized random-cluster (GRC) representation. Moreover we show that\nbasic properties of the usual representation, such as FKG inequalities and\ncomparison inequalities, still hold for this generalized random-cluster model.\nSome elementary consequences are given. We also consider the duality\ntransformations in the spin representation and in the GRC model and show that\nthey commute."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite Size Scaling of Topological Entanglement Entropy: We consider scaling of the entanglement entropy across a topological quantum\nphase transition in one dimension. The change of the topology manifests itself\nin a sub-leading term, which scales as $L^{-1/\\alpha}$ with the size of the\nsubsystem $L$, here $\\alpha$ is the R\\'{e}nyi index. This term reveals the\nuniversal scaling function $h_\\alpha(L/\\xi)$, where $\\xi$ is the correlation\nlength, which is sensitive to the topological index.",
        "positive": "Negative differential mobility of weakly driven particles in models of\n  glass formers: We study the response of probe particles to weak constant driving in\nkinetically constrained models of glassy systems, and show that the probe's\nresponse can be non-monotonic and give rise to negative differential mobility:\nincreasing the applied force can reduce the probe's drift velocity in the force\ndirection. Oth er significant non-linear effects are also demonstrated, such as\nthe enhancement with increasing force of the probe's fluctuations away from the\naverage path, a phenomenon known in other contexts as giant diffusivity. We\nshow that these res ults can be explained analytically by a continuous-time\nrandom walk approximatio n where there is decoupling between persistence and\nexchange times for local dis placements of the probe. This decoupling is due to\ndynamic heterogeneity in the glassy system, which also leads to bimodal\ndistributions of probe particle disp lacements. We discuss the relevance of our\nresults to experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crises and collective socio-economic phenomena: simple models and\n  challenges: Financial and economic history is strewn with bubbles and crashes, booms and\nbusts, crises and upheavals of all sorts. Understanding the origin of these\nevents is arguably one of the most important problems in economic theory. In\nthis paper, we review recent efforts to include heterogeneities and\ninteractions in models of decision. We argue that the Random Field Ising model\n(RFIM) indeed provides a unifying framework to account for many collective\nsocio-economic phenomena that lead to sudden ruptures and crises. We discuss\ndifferent models that can capture potentially destabilising self-referential\nfeedback loops, induced either by herding, i.e. reference to peers, or\ntrending, i.e. reference to the past, and account for some of the phenomenology\nmissing in the standard models. We discuss some empirically testable\npredictions of these models, for example robust signatures of RFIM-like herding\neffects, or the logarithmic decay of spatial correlations of voting patterns.\nOne of the most striking result, inspired by statistical physics methods, is\nthat Adam Smith's invisible hand can badly fail at solving simple coordination\nproblems. We also insist on the issue of time-scales, that can be extremely\nlong in some cases, and prevent socially optimal equilibria to be reached. As a\ntheoretical challenge, the study of so-called \"detailed-balance\" violating\ndecision rules is needed to decide whether conclusions based on current models\n(that all assume detailed-balance) are indeed robust and generic.",
        "positive": "Analytic continuation of QMC data with a sign problem: We present a Maximum Entropy method (MEM) for obtaining dynamical spectra\nfrom Quantum Monte Carlo data which have a sign problem. By relating the sign\nfluctuations to the norm of the spectra, our method properly treats the\ncorrelations between the measured quantities and the sign. The method greatly\nimproves the quality and the resolution of the spectra, enabling it to produce\ngood spectra even for poorly conditioned data where standard MEM fails."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Graph-combinatorial approach for large deviations of Markov chains: We consider discrete-time Markov chains and study large deviations of the\npair empirical occupation measure, which is useful to compute fluctuations of\npure-additive and jump-type observables. We provide an exact expression for the\nfinite-time moment generating function, which is split in cycles and paths\ncontributions, and scaled cumulant generating function of the pair empirical\noccupation measure via a graph-combinatorial approach. The expression obtained\nallows us to give a physical interpretation of interaction and entropic terms,\nand of the Lagrange multipliers, and may serve as a starting point for\nsub-leading asymptotics. We illustrate the use of the method for a simple\ntwo-state Markov chain.",
        "positive": "Control of transport in higher dimensional systems via dynamical\n  decoupling of degrees of freedom with quasiperiodic driving fields: We consider the problem of the control of transport in higher dimensional\nperiodic structures by applied ac fields. In a generic crystal, transverse\ndegrees of freedom are coupled, and this makes the control of motion difficult\nto implement. We show, both with simulations and with an analytical functional\nexpansion on the driving amplitudes, that the use of quasiperiodic driving\nsignificantly suppresses the coupling between transverse degrees of freedom.\nThis allows a precise control of the transport, and does not require a detailed\nknowledge of the crystal geometry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wigner function for noninteracting fermions in hard wall potentials: The Wigner function $W_N({\\bf x}, {\\bf p})$ is a useful quantity to\ncharacterize the quantum fluctuations of an $N$-body system in its phase space.\nHere we study $W_N({\\bf x}, {\\bf p})$ for $N$ noninteracting spinless fermions\nin a $d$-dimensional spherical hard box of radius $R$ at temperature $T=0$. In\nthe large $N$ limit, the local density approximation (LDA) predicts that\n$W_N({\\bf x}, {\\bf p}) \\approx 1/(2 \\pi \\hbar)^d$ inside a finite region of the\n$({\\bf x}, {\\bf p})$ plane, namely for $|{\\bf x}| < R$ and $|{\\bf p}| < k_F$\nwhere $k_F$ is the Fermi momentum, while $W_N({\\bf x}, {\\bf p})$ vanishes\noutside this region, or \"droplet\", on a scale determined by quantum\nfluctuations. In this paper we investigate systematically, in this quantum\nregion, the structure of the Wigner function along the edge of this droplet,\ncalled the Fermi surf. In one dimension, we find that there are three distinct\nedge regions along the Fermi surf and we compute exactly the associated\nnontrivial scaling functions in each regime. We also study the momentum\ndistribution $\\hat \\rho_N(p)$ and find a striking algebraic tail for very large\nmomenta $\\hat \\rho_N(p) \\propto 1/p^4$, well beyond $k_F$, reminiscent of a\nsimilar tail found in interacting quantum systems (discussed in the context of\nTan's relation). We then generalize these results to higher $d$ and find,\nremarkably, that the scaling function close to the edge of the box is\nuniversal, i.e., independent of the dimension~$d$.",
        "positive": "Kardar-Parisi-Zhang Interfaces with Curved Initial Shapes and\n  Variational Formula: We study fluctuations of interfaces in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ)\nuniversality class with curved initial conditions. By simulations of a cluster\ngrowth model and experiments of liquid-crystal turbulence, we determine the\nuniversal scaling functions that describe the height distribution and the\nspatial correlation of the interfaces growing outward from a ring. The scaling\nfunctions, controlled by a single dimensionless time parameter, show crossover\nfrom the statistical properties of the flat interfaces to those of the circular\ninterfaces. Moreover, employing the KPZ variational formula to describe the\ncase of the ring initial condition, we find that the formula, which we\nnumerically evaluate, reproduces the numerical and experimental results\nprecisely without adjustable parameters. This demonstrates that precise\nnumerical evaluation of the variational formula is possible at all, and\nunderlines the practical importance of the formula, which is able to predict\nthe one-point distribution of KPZ interfaces for general initial conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Casimir Forces: An Exact Approach for Periodically Deformed Objects: A novel approach for calculating Casimir forces between periodically deformed\nobjects is developed. This approach allows, for the first time, a rigorous\nnon-perturbative treatment of the Casimir effect for disconnected objects\nbeyond Casimir's original two-plate configuration. The approach takes into\naccount the collective nature of fluctuation induced forces, going beyond the\ncommonly used pairwise summation of two-body van der Waals forces. As an\napplication of the method, we exactly calculate the Casimir force due to scalar\nfield fluctuations between a flat and a rectangular corrugated plate. In the\nlatter case, the force is found to be always attractive.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Critical Phenomena and Phase Transitions into Absorbing\n  States: This review addresses recent developments in nonequilibrium statistical\nphysics. Focusing on phase transitions from fluctuating phases into absorbing\nstates, the universality class of directed percolation is investigated in\ndetail. The survey gives a general introduction to various lattice models of\ndirected percolation and studies their scaling properties, field-theoretic\naspects, numerical techniques, as well as possible experimental realizations.\nIn addition, several examples of absorbing-state transitions which do not\nbelong to the directed percolation universality class will be discussed. As a\nclosely related technique, we investigate the concept of damage spreading. It\nis shown that this technique is ambiguous to some extent, making it impossible\nto define chaotic and regular phases in stochastic nonequilibrium systems.\nFinally, we discuss various classes of depinning transitions in models for\ninterface growth which are related to phase transitions into absorbing states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Field Theory with the Iso-Entropic Formalism: A new formulation of the thermodynamic field theory (TFT) is presented. In\nthis new version, one of the basic restriction in the old theory, namely a\nclosed-form solution for the thermodynamic field strength, has been removed. In\naddition, the general covariance principle is replaced by Prigogine's\nthermodynamic covariance principle (TCP). The introduction of TCP required the\napplication of an appropriate mathematical formalism, which has been referred\nto as the iso-entropic formalism. The validity of the Glansdorff-Prigogine\nUniversal Criterion of Evolution, via geometrical arguments, is proven. A new\nset of thermodynamic field equations, able to determine the nonlinear\ncorrections to the linear (\"Onsager\") transport coefficients, is also derived.\nThe geometry of the thermodynamic space is non-Riemannian tending to be\nRiemannian for hight values of the entropy production. In this limit, we obtain\nagain the same thermodynamic field equations found by the old theory.\nApplications of the theory, such as transport in magnetically confined plasmas,\nmaterials submitted to temperature and electric potential gradients or to\nunimolecular triangular chemical reactions can be found at references cited\nherein.",
        "positive": "Universal parity effects in the entanglement entropy of XX chains with\n  open boundary conditions: We consider the Renyi entanglement entropies in the one-dimensional XX\nspin-chains with open boundary conditions in the presence of a magnetic field.\nIn the case of a semi-infinite system and a block starting from the boundary,\nwe derive rigorously the asymptotic behavior for large block sizes on the basis\nof a recent mathematical theorem for the determinant of Toeplitz plus Hankel\nmatrices. We conjecture a generalized Fisher-Hartwig form for the corrections\nto the asymptotic behavior of this determinant that allows the exact\ncharacterization of the corrections to the scaling at order o(1/l) for any n.\nBy combining these results with conformal field theory arguments, we derive\nexact expressions also in finite chains with open boundary conditions and in\nthe case when the block is detached from the boundary."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Directed polymers with tilted columnar disorder and Burgers-like\n  turbulence: The minimal energy variations of a directed polymer with tilted columnar\ndisorder in two dimensions are shown numerically to obey a multiscaling at\nshort distances which crosses over to global simple scaling at large distances.\nThe scenario is analogous to that of structure functions in bifractal Burgers'\nturbulence. Some scaling properties are predicted from extreme value\nstatistics. The multiscaling disappears for zero tilt.",
        "positive": "Phase transition in an exactly solvable reaction-diffusion process: We study a non-conserved one-dimensional stochastic process which involves\ntwo species of particles $A$ and $B$. The particles diffuse asymmetrically and\nreact in pairs as $A\\emptyset\\leftrightarrow AA\\leftrightarrow BA\n\\leftrightarrow A\\emptyset$ and $B\\emptyset \\leftrightarrow BB \\leftrightarrow\nAB \\leftrightarrow B\\emptyset$. We show that the stationary state of the model\ncan be calculated exactly by using matrix product techniques. The model\nexhibits a phase transition at a particular point in the phase diagram which\ncan be related to a condensation transition in a particular zero-range process.\nWe determine the corresponding critical exponents and provide a heuristic\nexplanation for the unusually strong corrections to scaling seen in the\nvicinity of the critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crooks' fluctuation theorem for the fluctuating lattice-Boltzmann model: We probe the validity of Crooks' fluctuation relation on the fluctuating\nlattice-Boltzmann model (FLBM), a highly simplified lattice model for a thermal\nideal gas. We drive the system between two thermodynamic equilibrium states and\ncompute the distribution of the work performed. By comparing the distributions\nof the work performed during the forward driving and time reversed driving, we\nshow that the system satisfies Crooks' relation. The results of the numerical\nexperiment suggest that the temperature and the free energy of the system are\nwell defined.",
        "positive": "Attempt to distinguish the origins of self-similarity by natural time\n  analysis: Self-similarity may originate from two origins, i.e., the process memory and\nthe process' increments ``infinite'' variance. A distinction is attempted by\nemploying the natural time \\chi. Concerning the first origin, we analyze recent\ndata on Seismic Electric Signals, which support the view that they exhibit\ninfinitely ranged temporal correlations. Concerning the second, slowly driven\nsystems that emit bursts of various energies E obeying power-law distribution,\ni.e., P(E) ~ E^-\\gamma, are studied. An interrelation between the exponent\n\\gamma and the variance \\kappa_1(= <\\chi^2> - <\\chi>^2) is obtained for the\nshuffled (randomized) data. In the latter, the most probable value of \\kappa_1\nis approximately equal to that of the original data. Finally, it is found that\nthe differential entropy associated with the probability P(\\kappa_1) maximizes\nfor \\gamma around 1.6 to 1.7, which is comparable to the value determined\nexperimentally in diverse phenomena, e.g., solar flares, icequakes, dislocation\nglide in stressed single crystals of ice e.t.c. It also agrees with the b-value\nin the Gutenberg-Richter law of earthquakes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-induced heterogeneity in deeply supercooled liquids: A theoretical treatment of deeply supercooled liquids is difficult because\ntheir properties emerge from spatial inhomogeneities that are self-induced,\ntransient, and nanoscopic. I use computer simulations to analyse self-induced\nstatic and dynamic heterogeneity in equilibrium systems approaching the\nexperimental glass transition. I characterise the broad sample-to-sample\nfluctuations of salient dynamic and thermodynamic properties in elementary\nmesoscopic systems. Findings regarding local lifetimes and distributions of\ndynamic heterogeneity are in excellent agreement with recent single molecule\nstudies. Surprisingly broad thermodynamic fluctuations are also found, which\ncorrelate well with dynamics fluctuations, thus providing a local test of the\nthermodynamic origin of slow dynamics.",
        "positive": "Heat conduction and Fourier's law by consecutive local mixing and\n  thermalization: We present a first-principles study of heat conduction in a class of models\nwhich exhibit a new multi-step local thermalization mechanism which gives rise\nto Fourier's law. Local thermalization in our models occurs as the result of\nbinary collisions among locally confined gas particles. We explore the\nconditions under which relaxation to local equilibrium, which involves no\nenergy exchange, takes place on time scales shorter than that of the binary\ncollisions which induce local thermalization. The role of this mechanism in\nmulti-phase material systems such as aerogels is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Utterance Selection Model of Language Change: We present a mathematical formulation of a theory of language change. The\ntheory is evolutionary in nature and has close analogies with theories of\npopulation genetics. The mathematical structure we construct similarly has\ncorrespondences with the Fisher-Wright model of population genetics, but there\nare significant differences. The continuous time formulation of the model is\nexpressed in terms of a Fokker-Planck equation. This equation is exactly\nsoluble in the case of a single speaker and can be investigated analytically in\nthe case of multiple speakers who communicate equally with all other speakers\nand give their utterances equal weight. Whilst the stationary properties of\nthis system have much in common with the single-speaker case, time-dependent\nproperties are richer. In the particular case where linguistic forms can become\nextinct, we find that the presence of many speakers causes a two-stage\nrelaxation, the first being a common marginal distribution that persists for a\nlong time as a consequence of ultimate extinction being due to rare\nfluctuations.",
        "positive": "Segregation by thermal diffusion of an intruder in a moderately dense\n  granular fluid: A solution of the inelastic Enskog equation that goes beyond the weak\ndissipation limit and applies for moderate densities is used to determine the\nthermal diffusion factor of an intruder immersed in a dense granular gas under\ngravity. This factor provides a segregation criterion that shows the transition\nbetween the Brazil-nut effect (BNE) and the reverse Brazil-nut effect (RBNE) by\nvarying the parameters of the system (masses, sizes, density and coefficients\nof restitution). The form of the phase-diagrams for the BNE/RBNE transition\ndepends sensitively on the value of gravity relative to the thermal gradient,\nso that it is possible to switch between both states for given values of the\nparameters of the system. Two specific limits are considered with detail: (i)\nabsence of gravity, and (ii) homogeneous temperature. In the latter case, after\nsome approximations, our results are consistent with previous theoretical\nresults derived from the Enskog equation. Our results also indicate that the\ninfluence of dissipation on thermal diffusion is more important in the absence\nof gravity than in the opposite limit. The present analysis extends previous\ntheoretical results derived in the dilute limit case [V. Garz\\'o, Europhys.\nLett. {\\bf 75}, 521 (2006)] and is consistent with the findings of some recent\nexperimental results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New quantum Monte Carlo study of quantum critical phenomena with\n  Trotter-number-dependent finite-size scaling and non-equilibrium relaxation: We propose a new efficient scheme for the quantum Monte Carlo study of\nquantum critical phenomena in quantum spin systems. Rieger and Young's\nTrotter-number-dependent finite-size scaling in quantum spin systems and Ito\n{\\it et al.}'s evaluation of the transition point with the non-equilibrium\nrelaxation in classical spin systems are combined and generalized. That is,\nonly one Trotter number and one inverse temperature proportional to system\nsizes are taken for each system size, and the transition point of the\ntransformed classical spin model is estimated as the point at which the order\nparameter shows power-law decay. The present scheme is confirmed by the\ndetermination of the critical phenomenon of the one-dimensional $S=1/2$\nasymmetric XY model in the ground state. The estimates of the transition point\nand the critical exponents $\\beta$, $\\gamma$ and $\\nu$ are in good agreement\nwith the exact solutions. The dynamical critical exponent is also estimated as\n${\\mit \\Delta}=2.14(I4(Jpm 0.06$, which is consistent with that of the\ntwo-dimensional Ising model.",
        "positive": "From particle segregation to the granular clock: Recently several authors studied the segregation of particles for a system\ncomposed of mono-dispersed inelastic spheres contained in a box divided by a\nwall in the middle. The system exhibited a symmetry breaking leading to an\noverpopulation of particles in one side of the box. Here we study the\nsegregation of a mixture of particles composed of inelastic hard spheres and\nfluidized by a vibrating wall. Our numerical simulations show a rich\nphenomenology: horizontal segregation and periodic behavior. We also propose an\nempirical system of ODEs representing the proportion of each type of particles\nand the segregation flux of particles. These equations reproduce the major\nfeatures observed by the simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Number of spanning clusters at the high-dimensional percolation\n  thresholds: A scaling theory is used to derive the dependence of the average number <k>\nof spanning clusters at threshold on the lattice size L. This number should\nbecome independent of L for dimensions d<6, and vary as log L at d=6. The\npredictions for d>6 depend on the boundary conditions, and the results there\nmay vary between L^{d-6} and L^0. While simulations in six dimensions are\nconsistent with this prediction (after including corrections of order loglog\nL), in five dimensions the average number of spanning clusters still increases\nas log L even up to L = 201. However, the histogram P(k) of the spanning\ncluster multiplicity does scale as a function of kX(L), with X(L)=1+const/L,\nindicating that for sufficiently large L the average <k> will approach a finite\nvalue: a fit of the 5D multiplicity data with a constant plus a simple linear\ncorrection to scaling reproduces the data very well. Numerical simulations for\nd>6 and for d=4 are also presented.",
        "positive": "Use and Abuse of a Fractional Fokker-Planck Dynamics for Time-Dependent\n  Driving: We investigate a subdiffusive, fractional Fokker-Planck dynamics occurring in\ntime-varying potential landscapes and thereby disclose the failure of the\nfractional Fokker-Planck equation (FFPE) in its commonly used form when\ngeneralized in an {\\it ad hoc} manner to time-dependent forces. A modified FFPE\n(MFFPE) is rigorously derived, being valid for a family of dichotomously\nalternating force-fields. This MFFPE is numerically validated for a rectangular\ntime-dependent force with zero average bias. For this case subdiffusion is\nshown to become enhanced as compared to the force free case. We question,\nhowever, the existence of any physically valid FFPE for arbitrary varying\ntime-dependent fields that differ from this dichotomous varying family."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Order Statistics of Random Walks: We study analytically the order statistics of a time series generated by the\nsuccessive positions of a symmetric random walk of n steps with step lengths of\nfinite variance \\sigma^2. We show that the statistics of the gap\nd_{k,n}=M_{k,n} -M_{k+1,n} between the k-th and the (k+1)-th maximum of the\ntime series becomes stationary, i.e, independent of n as n\\to \\infty and\nexhibits a rich, universal behavior. The mean stationary gap (in units of\n\\sigma) exhibits a universal algebraic decay for large k,\n<d_{k,\\infty}>/\\sigma\\sim 1/\\sqrt{2\\pi k}, independent of the details of the\njump distribution. Moreover, the probability density (pdf) of the stationary\ngap exhibits scaling, Proba.(d_{k,\\infty}=\\delta)\\simeq (\\sqrt{k}/\\sigma)\nP(\\delta \\sqrt{k}/\\sigma), in the scaling regime when \\delta\\sim\n<d_{k,\\infty}>\\simeq \\sigma/\\sqrt{2\\pi k}. The scaling function P(x) is\nuniversal and has an unexpected power law tail, P(x) \\sim x^{-4} for large x.\nFor \\delta \\gg <d_{k,\\infty}> the scaling breaks down and the pdf gets cut-off\nin a nonuniversal way. Consequently, the moments of the gap exhibit an unusual\nmulti-scaling behavior.",
        "positive": "How to determine a boundary condition at a thin membrane for diffusion\n  from experimental data: We present a new method of deriving a boundary condition at a thin membrane\nfor diffusion from experimental data. Based on experimental results obtained\nfor normal diffusion of ethanol in water, we show that the derived boundary\ncondition at a membrane contains a term with the Riemann--Liouville fractional\ntime derivative of the $1/2$ order. Such a form of the boundary condition shows\nthat a transfer of particles through a thin membrane is a `long memory\nprocess'. Presented method is an example that an important part of mathematical\nmodel of physical process may be derived directly from experimental data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Biochemical Szilard engines for memory-limited inference: By developing and leveraging an explicit molecular realisation of a\nmeasurement-and-feedback-powered Szilard engine, we investigate the extraction\nof work from complex environments by minimal machines with finite capacity for\nmemory and decision-making. Living systems perform inference to exploit complex\nstructure, or correlations, in their environment, but the physical limits and\nunderlying cost/benefit trade-offs involved in doing so remain unclear. To\nprobe these questions, we consider a minimal model for a structured environment\n- a correlated sequence of molecules - and explore mechanisms based on extended\nSzilard engines for extracting the work stored in these non-equilibrium\ncorrelations. We consider systems limited to a single bit of memory making\nbinary 'choices' at each step. We demonstrate that increasingly complex\nenvironments allow increasingly sophisticated inference strategies to extract\nmore energy than simpler alternatives, and argue that optimal design of such\nmachines should also consider the energy reserves required to ensure robustness\nagainst fluctuations due to mistakes.",
        "positive": "Generalized Fluctuation-Dissipation relations holding in non-equilibrium\n  dynamics: We derive generalized Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations (FDR) holding for a\ngeneral stochastic dynamics that includes as subcases both equilibrium models\nfor passive colloids and non-equilibrium models used to describe active\nparticles. The relations reported here differ from previous formulations of the\nFDR because of their simplicity: they require only the microscopic knowledge of\nthe dynamics instead of the whole expression of the steady-state probability\ndistribution function that, except for linear interactions, is unknown for\nsystems displaying non-vanishing currents. From the response function, we can\nextrapolate generalized versions of the Mesoscopic Virial equation and the\nequipartition theorem, which still holds far from equilibrium. Our results are\ntested in the case of equilibrium colloids described by underdamped or\noverdamped Langevin equations and for models describing the non-equilibrium\nbehavior of active particles. Both the Active Brownian Particle and the Active\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck particle models are compared in the case of a single\nparticle confined in an external potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ramifications of disorder on active particles in one dimension: The effects of quenched disorder on a single and many active run-and-tumble\nparticles is studied in one dimension. For a single particle, we consider both\nthe steady-state distribution and the particle's dynamics subject to disorder\nin three parameters: a bounded external potential, the particle's speed, and\nits tumbling rate. We show that in the case of a disordered potential, the\nbehavior is like an equilibrium particle diffusing on a random force landscape,\nimplying a dynamics that is logarithmically slow in time. In the situations of\ndisorder in the speed or tumbling rate, we find that the particle generically\nexhibits diffusive motion, although particular choices of the disorder may lead\nto anomalous diffusion. Based on the single-particle results, we find that in a\nsystem with many interacting particles, disorder in the potential leads to\nstrong clustering. We characterize the clustering in two different regimes\ndepending on the system size and show that the mean cluster size scales with\nthe system size, in contrast to non-disordered systems.",
        "positive": "Ground State and Elementary Excitations of the S=1 Kagome Heisenberg\n  Antiferromagnet: Low energy spectrum of the S=1 kagom\\'e Heisenberg antiferromagnet (KHAF) is\nstudied by means of exact diagonalization and the cluster expansion. The\nmagnitude of the energy gap of the magnetic excitation is consistent with the\nrecent experimental observation for \\mpynn. In contrast to the $S=1/2$ KHAF,\nthe non-magnetic excitations have finite energy gap comparable to the magnetic\nexcitation. As a physical picture of the ground state, the hexagon singlet\nsolid state is proposed and verified by variational analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement transitions as a probe of quasiparticles and quantum\n  thermalization: We introduce a diagnostic for quantum thermalization based on mixed-state\nentanglement. Specifically, given a pure state on a tripartite system $ABC$, we\nstudy the scaling of entanglement negativity between $A$ and $B$. For\nrepresentative states of self-thermalizing systems, either eigenstates or\nstates obtained by a long-time evolution of product states, negativity shows a\nsharp transition from an area-law scaling to a volume-law scaling when the\nsubsystem volume fraction is tuned across a finite critical value. In contrast,\nfor a system with quasiparticles, it exhibits a volume-law scaling irrespective\nof the subsystem fraction. For many-body localized systems, the same quantity\nshows an area-law scaling for eigenstates, and volume-law scaling for long-time\nevolved product states, irrespective of the subsystem fraction. We provide a\ncombination of numerical observations and analytical arguments in support of\nour conjecture. Along the way, we prove and utilize a `continuity bound' for\nnegativity: we bound the difference in negativity for two density matrices in\nterms of the Hilbert-Schmidt norm of their difference.",
        "positive": "On the theory of supersolidity: We present a microscopic, many-body argument for supersolidity. We also\nillustrate the origin of rotons in a Bose system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinearity enhanced interfacial thermal conductance and rectification: We study the nonlinear interfacial thermal transport across atomic junctions\nby the quantum self-consistent mean field (QSCMF) theory based on\nnonequilibrium Green's function approach; the QSCMF theory we propose is very\nprecise and matches well with the exact results from quantum master equations.\nThe nonlinearity at the interface is studied by effective temperature dependent\ninterfacial coupling calculated from the QSCMF theory. We find that\nnonlinearity can provide an extra channel for phonon transport in addition to\nthe phonon scattering which usually blocks heat transfer. For weak linearly\ncoupled interface, the nonlinearity can enhance the interfacial thermal\ntransport; with increasing nonlinearity or temperature, the thermal conductance\nshows nonmonotonical behavior. The interfacial nonlinearity also induces\nthermal rectification, which depends on the mismatch of the two leads and also\nthe interfacial linear coupling.",
        "positive": "Geometric phase of the one-dimensional Ising chain in a longitudinal\n  field: For the one-dimensional Ising chain with spin-$1/2$ and exchange couple $J$\nin a steady transverse field(TF), an analytical theory has well been developed\nin terms of some topological order parameters such as Berry phase(BP). For a TF\nIsing chain, the nonzero BP which depends on the exchange couple and the field\nstrength characterizes the corresponding symmetry breaking of parity and time\nreversal(PT). However, there seems to exist a topological phase transition for\nthe one-dimensional Ising chain in a longitudinal field(LF) with the reduced\nfield strength $\\epsilon$. If the LF is added at zero temperature, researchers\nbelieve that the LF also could influence the PT-symmetry and there exists the\ndiscontinuous BP. But the theoretic characterization has not been well founded.\nThis paper tries to aim at this problem. With the Jordan-Wigner transformation,\nwe give the four-fermion interaction form of the Hamiltonian in the\none-dimensional Ising chain with a LF. Further by the method of Wick's theorem\nand the mean-field theory, the four-fermion interaction is well dealt with. We\nsolve the ground state energy and the ground wave function in the momentum\nspace. We discuss the BP and suggest that there exist nonzero BPs when\n$\\epsilon=0$ in the paramagnetic case where $J<0$ and when $-1<\\epsilon<1$, in\nthe diamagnetic case where $J>0$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time Quantified Monte Carlo Algorithm for Interacting Spin Array\n  Micromagnetic Dynamics: In this paper, we reexamine the validity of using time quantified Monte Carlo\n(TQMC) method [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 163 (2000); Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 067208\n(2006)] in simulating the stochastic dynamics of interacting magnetic\nnanoparticles. The Fokker-Planck coefficients corresponding to both TQMC and\nLangevin dynamical equation (Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert, LLG) are derived and\ncompared in the presence of interparticle interactions. The time quantification\nfactor is obtained and justified. Numerical verification is shown by using TQMC\nand Langevin methods in analyzing spin-wave dispersion in a linear array of\nmagnetic nanoparticles.",
        "positive": "Enhanced magnetocaloric effect in a proximity of magnetization steps and\n  jumps of spin-1/2 XXZ Heisenberg regular polyhedra: The magnetization process and adiabatic demagnetization of the\nantiferromagnetic spin-1/2 XXZ Heisenberg clusters with the shape of regular\npolyhedra (tetrahedron, octahedron, cube, icosahedron and dodecahedron) are\nexamined using the exact diagonalization method. It is demonstrated that a\nquantum (xy) part of the XXZ exchange interaction is a primary cause for\npresence of additional intermediate magnetization plateaux and steps, which are\ntotally absent in the limiting Ising case. The only exception to this rule is\nthe spin-1/2 XXZ Heisenberg tetrahedron, which shows just a quantitative shift\nof the level-crossing fields related to two magnetization steps. It is\nevidenced that the spin-1/2 XXZ Heisenberg regular polyhedra exhibit an\nenhanced magnetocaloric effect in a proximity of the magnetization steps and\njumps, which are accompanied with a rapid drop (rise) of temperature just above\n(below) of the level-crossing field when the magnetic field is removed\nadiabatically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free-parafermionic $Z(N)$ and free-fermionic $XY$ quantum chains: The relationship between the eigenspectrum of Ising and XY quantum chains is\nwell known. Although the Ising model has a $Z(2)$ symmetry and the XY model a\n$U(1)$ symmetry, both models are described in terms of free-fermionic\nquasi-particles. The fermionic quasi-energies are obtained by means of a\nJordan-Wigner transformation. On the other hand, there exist in the literature\na huge family of $Z(N)$ quantum chains whose eigenspectra, for $N>2$, are given\nin terms of free parafermions and they are not derived from the standard\nJordan-Wigner transformation. The first members of this family are the $Z(N)$\nfree-parafermionic Baxter quantum chains. In this paper we introduce a family\nof XY models that beyond two-body also have $N$-multispin interactions.\nSimilarly to the standard XY model they have a $U(1)$ symmetry and are also\nsolved by the Jordan-Wigner transformation. We show that with appropriate\nchoices of the $N$-multispin couplings, the eigenspectra of these XY models are\ngiven in terms of combinations of $Z(N)$ free-parafermionic quasi-energies. In\nparticular all the eigenenergies of the $Z(N)$ free-parafermionic models are\nalso present in the related free-fermionic XY models. The correspondence is\nestablished via the identification of the characteristic polynomial which fixes\nthe eigenspectrum. In the $Z(N)$ free-parafermionic models the quasi-energies\nobey an exclusion circle principle that is not present in the related\n$N$-multispin XY models.",
        "positive": "Abelian threshold models and forced weakening: Mean field slider block models have provided an important entry point for\nunderstanding the behavior of discrete driven threshold systems. We present a\nmethod of constructing these models with an arbitrary frictional weakening\nfunction. This `forced weakening' method unifies several existing approaches,\nand multiplies the range of possible weakening laws. Forced weakening also\nresults in Abelian rupture propagation, so that an avalanche size depends only\non the initial stress distribution. We demonstrate how this may be used to\naccurately predict the long-time event statistics of a simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coherent regimes of globally coupled dynamical systems: The paper presents a method by which the mean field dynamics of a population\nof dynamical systems with parameter diversity and global coupling can be\ndescribed in terms of a few macroscopic degrees of freedom. The method applies\nto populations of any size and functional form in the region of coherence. It\nrequires linear variation or a narrow distribution for the dispersed parameter.\nAlthough being an approximation, the method allows us to quantitatively study\nthe collective regimes that arise as a result of diversity and coupling and to\ninterpret the transitions among these regimes as bifurcations of the effective\nmacroscopic degrees of freedom. To illustrate, the phenomenon of oscillator\ndeath and the route to full locking are examined for chaotic oscillators with\ntime scale mismatch.",
        "positive": "Nonextensivity and the power-law distributions for the systems with\n  self-gravitating long-range interactions: By a natural nonextensive generalization of the conservation of energy in the\nq-kinetic theory, we study the nonextensivity and the power-law distributions\nfor the many-body systems with the self-gravitating long-range interactions. It\nis shown that the power-law distributions describe the long-range nature of the\ninteractions and the non-local correlations within the self-gravitating system\nwith the inhomogeneous velocity dispersion. A relation is established between\nthe nonextensive parameter q and the measurable quantities of the\nself-gravitating system: the velocity dispersion and the mass density.\nCorrespondingly, the nonextensive parameter q can be uniquely determined from\nthe microscopic dynamical equation and thus the physical interpretation of q\ndifferent from unity can be clearly presented. We derive a nonlinear\ndifferential equation for the radial density dependence of the self-gravitating\nsystem with the inhomogeneous velocity dispersion, which can correctly describe\nthe density distribution for the dark matter in the above physical situation.\nWe also apply this q-kinetic approach to analyze the nonextensivity of\nself-gravitating collisionless systems and self-gravitating gaseous dynamical\nsystems, giving the power-law distributions the clear physical meaning."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Global persistence exponent of the two-dimensional Blume-Capel model: The global persistence exponent $\\theta_g$ is calculated for the\ntwo-dimensional Blume-Capel model following a quench to the critical point from\nboth disordered states and such with small initial magnetizations.\n  Estimates are obtained for the nonequilibrium critical dynamics on the\ncritical line and at the tricritical point.\n  Ising-like universality is observed along the critical line and a different\nvalue $\\theta_g =1.080(4)$ is found at the tricritical point.",
        "positive": "Statistical physics approach to graphical games: local and global\n  interactions: In a graphical game agents play with their neighbors on a graph to achieve an\nappropriate state of equilibrium. Here relevant problems are characterizing the\nequilibrium set and discovering efficient algorithms to find such an\nequilibrium (solution). We consider a representation of games that extends over\ngraphical games to deal conveniently with both local a global interactions and\nuse the cavity method of statistical physics to study the geometrical structure\nof the equilibria space. The method also provides a distributive and local\nalgorithm to find an equilibrium. For simplicity we consider only pure Nash\nequilibria but the methods can as well be extended to deal with (approximated)\nmixed Nash equilirbia."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generational variance reduction in Monte Carlo criticality simulations\n  as a way of mitigating unwanted correlations: Monte Carlo criticality simulations are widely used in nuclear safety\ndemonstrations, as they offer an arbitrarily precise estimation of global and\nlocal tallies while making very few assumptions. However, since the inception\nof such numerical approaches, it is well known that bias might affect both the\nestimation of errors on these tallies and the tallies themselves. In\nparticular, stochastic modeling approaches developed in the past decade have\nshed light on the prominent role played by spatial correlations through a\nphenomenon called neutron clustering. This effect is particularly of great\nsignificance when simulating loosely coupled systems (i.e., with a high\ndominance ratio). In order to tackle this problem, this paper proposes to\nrecast the power iteration technique of Monte Carlo criticality codes into a\nvariance reduction technique called Adaptative Multilevel Splitting. The\ncentral idea is that iterating over neutron generations can be seen as pushing\na sub-population of neutrons towards a generational detector (instead of a\nspatial detector as variance reduction techniques usually do). While both\napproaches allow for neutron population control, the former blindly removes or\nsplits neutrons. In contrast, the latter optimizes spatial, generational, and\nspectral attributes of neutrons when they are removed or split through an\nadjoint flux estimation, hence tempering both generational and spatial\ncorrelations. This is illustrated in the present article with a simple case of\na bare slab reactor in the one speed theory on which the Adaptive Multilevel\nSplitting was applied and compared to variations of the Monte Carlo power\niteration method used in neutron transport. Besides looking at the resulting\nefficiency of the methods, this work also aims at highlighting the main\nmechanisms of the Adaptive Multilevel Splitting in criticality calculations.",
        "positive": "Heat conduction in the disordered harmonic chain revisited: A general formulation is developed to study heat conduction in disordered\nharmonic chains with arbitrary heat baths that satisfy the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem. A simple formal expression for the heat\ncurrent J is obtained, from which its asymptotic system-size (N) dependence is\nextracted. It is shown that the ``thermal conductivity'' depends not just on\nthe system itself but also on the spectral properties of the fluctuation and\nnoise used to model the heat baths. As special cases of our heat baths we\nrecover earlier results which reported that for fixed boundaries $J \\sim\n1/N^{3/2}$, while for free boundaries $J \\sim 1/N^{1/2}$. For other choices we\nfind that one can get other power laws including the ``Fourier behaviour'' $J\n\\sim 1/N$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fisher information of Markovian decay modes - Nonequilibrium equivalence\n  principle, dynamical phase transitions and coarse graining: We introduce the Fisher information in the basis of decay modes of Markovian\ndynamics, arguing that it encodes important information about the behavior of\nnonequilibrium systems. In particular we generalize an orthonormality relation\nbetween decay eigenmodes of detailed balanced systems to normal generators that\ncommute with their time-reversal. Viewing such modes as tangent vectors to the\nmanifold of statistical distributions, we relate the result to the choice of a\ncoordinate patch that makes the Fisher-Rao metric Euclidean at the steady\ndistribution, realizing a sort of statistical equivalence principle. We then\nclassify nonequilibrium systems according to their spectrum, showing that a\ndegenerate Fisher matrix is the signature of the insurgence of a class of\ndynamical phase transitions between nonequilibrium regimes, characterized by\nlevel crossing and power-law decay in time of suitable order parameters. An\nimportant consequence is that normal systems cannot manifest critical behavior.\nFinally, we study the Fisher matrix of systems with time-scale separation.",
        "positive": "Universal behavior beyond multifractality of wave-functions at\n  measurement--induced phase transitions: We investigate the structure of many-body wave functions of 1D quantum\ncircuits with local measurements employing the participation entropies. The\nleading term in system size dependence of participation entropy indicates a\nmodel dependent multifractal scaling of the wave-functions at any non-zero\nmeasurement rate. The sub-leading term contains universal information about\nmeasurement-induced phase transitions and plays the role of an order parameter,\nbeing constant non-zero in the error correcting phase and vanishing in the\nquantum Zeno phase. We provide robust numerical evidence investigating a\nvariety of quantum many-body systems, and provide an analytical interpretation\nof this behavior expressing the participation entropy in terms of partition\nfunctions of classical statistical models in 2D."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Features of High-Dimensional Hamiltonian Systems: In this short review we propose a critical assessment of the role of chaos\nfor the thermalization of Hamiltonian systems with high dimensionality. We\ndiscuss this problem for both classical and quantum systems. A comparison is\nmade between the two situations: some examples from recent and past literature\nare presented which support the point of view that chaos is not necessary for\nthermalization. Finally, we suggest that a close analogy holds between the role\nplayed by Kinchin's theorem for high-dimensional classical systems and the role\nplayed by Von Neumann's theorem for many-body quantum systems.",
        "positive": "From dynamical systems to statistical mechanics: the case of the\n  fluctuation theorem: This viewpoint relates to an article by Jorge Kurchan (1998 J. Phys. A: Math.\nGen. 31, 3719) as part of a series of commentaries celebrating the most\ninfluential papers published in the J. Phys. series, which is celebrating its\n50th anniversary."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Scaling: the Two-Dimensional XY Model Following a Quench: To sensitively test scaling in the 2D XY model quenched from\nhigh-temperatures into the ordered phase, we study the difference between\nmeasured correlations and the (scaling) results of a Gaussian-closure\napproximation. We also directly compare various length-scales. All of our\nresults are consistent with dynamical scaling and an asymptotic growth law $L\n\\sim (t/\\ln[t/t_0])^{1/2}$, though with a time-scale $t_0$ that depends on the\nlength-scale in question. We then reconstruct correlations from the\nminimal-energy configuration consistent with the vortex positions, and find\nthem significantly different from the ``natural'' correlations --- though both\nscale with $L$. This indicates that both topological (vortex) and\nnon-topological (``spin-wave'') contributions to correlations are relevant\narbitrarily late after the quench. We also present a consistent definition of\ndynamical scaling applicable more generally, and emphasize how to generalize\nour approach to other quenched systems where dynamical scaling is in question.\nOur approach directly applies to planar liquid-crystal systems.",
        "positive": "Bose-Einstein Condensation on inhomogeneous complex networks: The thermodynamic properties of non interacting bosons on a complex network\ncan be strongly affected by topological inhomogeneities. The latter give rise\nto anomalies in the density of states that can induce Bose-Einstein\ncondensation in low dimensional systems also in absence of external confining\npotentials. The anomalies consist in energy regions composed of an infinite\nnumber of states with vanishing weight in the thermodynamic limit. We present a\nrigorous result providing the general conditions for the occurrence of\nBose-Einstein condensation on complex networks in presence of anomalous\nspectral regions in the density of states. We present results on spectral\nproperties for a wide class of graphs where the theorem applies. We study in\ndetail an explicit geometrical realization, the comb lattice, which embodies\nall the relevant features of this effect and which can be experimentally\nimplemented as an array of Josephson Junctions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium physics aspects of probabilistic cellular automata: Probabilistic cellular automata (PCA) are used to model a variety of discrete\nspatially extended systems undergoing parallel-updating. We propose an\nembedding of a number of classical nonequilibrium concepts in the PCA-world. We\nstart from time-symmetric PCA, satisfying detailed balance, and we give their\nKubo formula for linear response. Close-to-detailed balance we investigate the\nform of the McLennan distribution and the minimum entropy production principle.\nMore generally, when time-symmetry is broken in the stationary process, there\nis a fluctuation symmetry for a corresponding entropy flux. For linear response\naround nonequilibria we also give the appropriate formula which is now not only\nentropic in nature.",
        "positive": "Anomalous stress relaxation in random macromolecular networks: Within the framework of a simple Rouse-type model we present exact analytical\nresults for dynamical critical behaviour on the sol side of the gelation\ntransition. The stress-relaxation function is shown to exhibit a\nstretched-exponential long-time decay. The divergence of the static shear\nviscosity is governed by the critical exponent $k=\\phi -\\beta$, where $\\phi$ is\nthe (first) crossover exponent of random resistor networks, and $\\beta$ is the\ncritical exponent for the gel fraction. We also derive new results on the\nbehaviour of normal stress coefficients."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shortcuts of freely relaxing systems using equilibrium physical\n  observables: Many systems, when initially placed far from equilibrium, exhibit surprising\nbehavior in their attempt to equilibrate. Striking examples are the Mpemba\neffect and the cooling-heating asymmetry. These anomalous behaviors can be\nexploited to shorten the time needed to cool down (or heat up) a system.\nThough, a strategy to design these effects in mesoscopic systems is missing. We\nbring forward a description that allows us to formulate such strategies, and,\nalong the way, makes natural these paradoxical behaviors. In particular, we\nstudy the evolution of macroscopic physical observables of systems freely\nrelaxing under the influence of one or two instantaneous thermal quenches. The\ntwo crucial ingredients in our approach are timescale separation and a\nnonmonotonic temperature evolution of an important state function. We argue\nthat both are generic features near a first-order transition. Our theory is\nexemplified with the one-dimensional Ising model in a magnetic field using\nanalytic results and numerical experiments.",
        "positive": "Non-Gaussian dynamics of quantum fluctuations and mean-field limit in\n  open quantum central spin systems: Central spin systems, in which a {\\it central} spin is singled out and\ninteracts nonlocally with several {\\it bath} spins, are paradigmatic models for\nnitrogen-vacancy centers and quantum dots. They show complex emergent dynamics\nand stationary phenomena which, despite the collective nature of their\ninteraction, are still largely not understood. Here, we derive exact results on\nthe emergent behavior of open quantum central spin systems. The latter\ncrucially depends on the scaling of the interaction strength with the bath\nsize. For scalings with the inverse square root of the bath size (typical of\none-to-many interactions), the system behaves, in the thermodynamic limit, as\nan open quantum Jaynes-Cummings model, whose bosonic mode encodes the quantum\nfluctuations of the bath spins. In this case, non-Gaussian correlations are\ndynamically generated and persist at stationarity. For scalings with the\ninverse bath size, the emergent dynamics is instead of mean-field type. Our\nwork provides a fundamental understanding of the different dynamical regimes of\ncentral spin systems and a simple theory for efficiently exploring their\nnonequilibrium behavior. Our findings may become relevant for developing fully\nquantum descriptions of many-body solid-state devices and their applications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complete Wetting of Pits and Grooves: For one-component volatile fluids governed by dispersion forces an effective\ninterface Hamiltonian, derived from a microscopic density functional theory, is\nused to study complete wetting of geometrically structured substrates. Also the\nlong range of substrate potentials is explicitly taken into account. Four types\nof geometrical patterns are considered: (i) one-dimensional periodic arrays of\nrectangular or parabolic grooves and (ii) two-dimensional lattices of\ncylindrical or parabolic pits. We present numerical evidence that at the\ncenters of the cavity regions the thicknesses of the adsorbed films obey\nprecisely the same geometrical covariance relation, which has been recently\nreported for complete cone and wedge filling. However, this covariance does not\nhold for the laterally averaged wetting film thicknesses. For sufficiently deep\ncavities with vertical walls and close to liquid-gas phase coexistence in the\nbulk, the film thicknesses exhibit an effective planar scaling regime, which as\nfunction of undersaturation is characterized by a power law with the common\ncritical exponent -1/3 as for a flat substrate, but with the amplitude\ndepending on the geometrical features.",
        "positive": "Instanton calculus for the self-avoiding manifold model: We compute the normalisation factor for the large order asymptotics of\nperturbation theory for the self-avoiding manifold (SAM) model describing\nflexible tethered (D-dimensional) membranes in d-dimensional space, and the\nepsilon-expansion for this problem. For that purpose, we develop the methods\ninspired from instanton calculus, that we introduced in a previous publication\n(Nucl. Phys. B 534 (1998) 555), and we compute the functional determinant of\nthe fluctuations around the instanton configuration. This determinant has UV\ndivergences and we show that the renormalized action used to make perturbation\ntheory finite also renders the contribution of the instanton UV-finite. To\ncompute this determinant, we develop a systematic large-d expansion. For the\nrenormalized theory, we point out problems in the interplay between the limits\nepsilon->0 and d->infinity, as well as IR divergences when epsilon= 0. We show\nthat many cancellations between IR divergences occur, and argue that the\nremaining IR-singular term is associated to amenable non-analytic contributions\nin the large-d limit when epsilon= 0. The consistency with the standard\ninstanton-calculus results for the self-avoiding walk is checked for D = 1."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of histories for the one-dimensional contact process: The dynamical activity K(t) of a stochastic process is the number of times it\nchanges configuration up to time t. It was recently argued that (spin) glasses\nare at a first order dynamical transition where histories of low and high\nactivity coexist. We study this transition in the one-dimensional contact\nprocess by weighting its histories by exp(sK(t)). We determine the phase\ndiagram and the critical exponents of this model using a recently developed\napproach to the thermodynamics of histories that is based on the density matrix\nrenormalisation group. We find that for every value of the infection rate,\nthere is a phase transition at a critical value of s. Near the absorbing state\nphase transition of the contact process, the generating function of the\nactivity shows a scaling behavior similar to that of the free energy in an\nequilibrium system near criticality.",
        "positive": "Kibble-Zurek mechanism with a single particle: dynamics of the\n  localization-delocalization transition in the Aubry-Andr\u00e9 model: The Aubry-Andr\\'e 1D lattice model describes a particle hopping in a\npseudo-random potential. Depending on its strength $\\lambda$, all eigenstates\nare either localized ($\\lambda>1$) or delocalized ($\\lambda<1$). Near the\ntransition, the localization length diverges like $\\xi\\sim(\\lambda-1)^{-\\nu}$\nwith $\\nu=1$. We show that when the particle is initially prepared in a\nlocalized ground state and the potential strength is slowly ramped down across\nthe transition, then -- in analogy with the Kibble-Zurek mechanism -- it enters\nthe delocalized phase having finite localization length\n$\\hat\\xi\\sim\\tau_Q^{\\nu/(1+z\\nu)}$. Here $\\tau_Q$ is ramp/quench time and $z$\nis a dynamical exponent. At $\\lambda=1$ we determine $z\\simeq2.37$ from the\npower law scaling of energy gap with lattice size $L$. Even though for infinite\n$L$ the model is gapless, we show that the gap relevant for excitation during\nthe ramp remains finite. Close to the critical point it scales like $\\xi^{-z}$\nwith the value of $z$ determined by the finite size scaling. It is the gap\nbetween the ground state and the lowest of those excited states that overlap\nwith the ground state enough to be accessible for excitation. We propose an\nexperiment with a non-interacting BEC to test our prediction. Our hypothesis is\nfurther supported by considering a generalized version of Aubry-Andr\\'{e} model\npossessing an energy-dependent mobility edge."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On first-order phase transition in microcanonical and canonical\n  non-extensive systems: Two examples of Microcanonical Potts models, 2-dimensional nearest neighbor\nand mean field, are considered via exact enumeration of states and analytical\nasymptotic methods. In the interval of energies corresponding to a first order\nphase transition, both of these models exhibit a convex dip in the entropy vs\nenergy plot and a region with negative specific heat within the dip. It is\nobserved that in the nearest neighbor model the dip flattens and disappears as\nthe lattice size grows, while in the mean field model the dip persists even in\nthe limit of an infinite system. If formal transitions from microcanonical to\ncanonical ensembles and back are performed for an infinite but non-extensive\nsystem, the convex dip in the microcanonical entropy plot disappears.",
        "positive": "Conservation laws for strings in the Abelian Sandpile Model: The Abelian Sandpile generates complex and beautiful patterns and seems to\ndisplay allometry. On the plane, beyond patches, patterns periodic in both\ndimensions, we remark the presence of structures periodic in one dimension,\nthat we call strings. We classify completely their constituents in terms of\ntheir principal periodic vector k, that we call momentum. We derive a simple\nrelation between the momentum of a string and its density of particles, E,\nwhich is reminiscent of a dispersion relation, E=k^2. Strings interact: they\ncan merge and split and within these processes momentum is conserved. We reveal\nthe role of the modular group SL(2,Z) behind these laws."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The fluctuation-dissipation relation holds for a macroscopic tracer in\n  an active bath: The fluctuation-dissipation relation (FDR) links thermal fluctuations and\ndissipation at thermal equilibrium through temperature. Extending it beyond\nequilibrium conditions in pursuit of broadening thermodynamics is often\nfeasible, albeit with system-dependent specific conditions. We demonstrate\nexperimentally that a generalized FDR holds for a harmonically trapped tracer\ncolliding with self-propelled walkers. The generalized FDR remains valid across\na large spectrum of active fluctuation frequencies, extending from underdamped\nto critically damped dynamics, which we attribute to a single primary channel\nfor energy input and dissipation in our system.",
        "positive": "Restart expedites quantum walk hitting times: Classical first-passage times under restart are used in a wide variety of\nmodels, yet the quantum version of the problem still misses key concepts. We\nstudy the quantum hitting time with restart using a monitored quantum walk. The\nrestart strategy eliminates the problem of dark states, i.e. cases where the\nparticle evades detection, while maintaining the ballistic propagation which is\nimportant for fast search. We find profound effects of quantum oscillations on\nthe restart problem, namely a type of instability of the mean detection time,\nand optimal restart times that form staircases, with sudden drops as the rate\nof sampling is modified. In the absence of restart and in the Zeno limit, the\ndetection of the walker is not possible and we examine how restart overcomes\nthis well-known problem, showing that the optimal restart time becomes\ninsensitive to the sampling period."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transitions in Pressurised Semiflexible Polymer Rings: We propose and study a model for the equilibrium statistical mechanics of a\npressurised semiflexible polymer ring. The Hamiltonian has a term which couples\nto the algebraic area of the ring and a term which accounts for bending\n(semiflexibility). The model allows for self-intersections. Using a combination\nof Monte Carlo simulations, Flory-type scaling theory, mean-field\napproximations and lattice enumeration techniques, we obtain a phase diagram in\nwhich collapsed and inflated phases are separated by a continuous transition.\nThe scaling properties of the averaged area as a function of the number of\nunits of the ring are derived. For large pressures, the asymptotic behaviour of\nthe area is calculated for both discrete and lattice versions of the model. For\nsmall pressures, the area is obtained through a mapping onto the quantum\nmechanical problem of an electron moving in a magnetic field. The simulation\ndata agree well with the analytic and mean-field results.",
        "positive": "Ferromagnetism in the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model on finite-size Cayley\n  tree: The ferromagnetic properties of the spin-1 BEG model on finite-size Cayley\ntree are investigated using the exact recursion method. The spontaneous\nmagnetization of the system is studied in detail for different values of the\nreduced crystal-field interaction D/J, and it is found that there is an unusual\nbehavior (anti-Curie temperature) when D/J>2.0. We also obtain the Curie\ntemperature of this finite-size system. When the system size is large enough,\nour results will fit well with that in the thermodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin glass behavior upon diluting frustrated magnets and spin liquids: a\n  Bethe-Peierls treatment: A Bethe-Peierls treatment to dilution in frustrated magnets and spin liquids\nis given. A spin glass phase is present at low temperatures and close to the\npercolation point as soon as frustration takes a finite value in the dilute\nmagnet model; the spin glass phase is reentrant inside the ferromagnetic phase.\nAn extension of the model is given, in which the spin glass / ferromagnet phase\nboundary is shown not to reenter inside the ferromagnetic phase asymptotically\nclose to the tricritical point whereas it has a turning point at lower\ntemperatures. We conjecture similar phase diagrams to exist in finite\ndimensional models not constraint by a Nishimori's line. We increase\nfrustration to study the effect of dilution in a spin liquid state. This\nprovides a ``minimal'' ordering by disorder from an Ising paramagnet to an\nIsing spin glass.",
        "positive": "Mean field dilute ferromagnet I. High temperature and zero temperature\n  behavior: We study the mean field dilute model of a ferromagnet. We find and prove an\nexpression for the free energy density at high temperature, and at temperature\nzero. We find the critical line of the model, separating the phase with zero\nmagnetization from the phase with symmetry breaking. We also compute exactly\nthe entropy at temperature zero, which is strictly positive. The physical\nbehavior at temperature zero is very interesting and related to infinite\ndimensional percolation, and suggests possible behaviors at generic low\ntemperatures. Lastly, we provide a complete solution for the annealed model.\nOur results hold both for the Poisson and the Bernoulli versions of the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scalar gauge-Higgs models with discrete Abelian symmetry groups: We investigate the phase diagram and the nature of the phase transitions of\nthree-dimensional lattice gauge-Higgs models obtained by gauging the Z_N\nsubgroup of the global Z_q invariance group of the Z_q clock model (N is a\nsubmultiple of q). The phase diagram is generally characterized by the presence\nof three different phases, separated by three distinct transition lines. We\ninvestigate the critical behavior along the two transition lines characterized\nby the ordering of the scalar field. Along the transition line separating the\ndisordered-confined phase from the ordered-deconfined phase, standard arguments\nwithin the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson framework predict that the behavior is the\nsame as in a generic ferromagnetic model with Z_p global symmetry, p being the\nratio q/N. Thus, continuous transitions belong to the Ising and to the O(2)\nuniversality class for p=2 and p>3, respectively, while for p=3 only\nfirst-order transitions are possible. The results of Monte Carlo simulations\nconfirm these predictions. There is also a second transition line, which\nseparates two phases in which gauge fields are essentially ordered. Along this\nline we observe the same critical behavior as in the Z_q clock model, as it\noccurs in the absence of gauge fields.",
        "positive": "Asymptotics of work distributions: The pre-exponential factor: We determine the complete asymptotic behaviour of the work distribution in\ndriven stochastic systems described by Langevin equations. Special emphasis is\nput on the calculation of the pre-exponential factor which makes the result\nfree of adjustable parameters. The method is applied to various examples and\nexcellent agreement with numerical simulations is demonstrated. For the special\ncase of parabolic potentials with time-dependent frequencies, we derive a\nuniversal functional form for the asymptotic work distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean perimeter and mean area of the convex hull over planar random walks: We investigate the geometric properties of the convex hull over $n$\nsuccessive positions of a planar random walk, with a symmetric continuous jump\ndistribution. We derive the large $n$ asymptotic behavior of the mean\nperimeter. In addition, we compute the mean area for the particular case of\nisotropic Gaussian jumps. While the leading terms of these asymptotics are\nuniversal, the subleading (correction) terms depend on finer details of the\njump distribution and describe a \"finite size effect\" of discrete-time jump\nprocesses, allowing one to accurately compute the mean perimeter and the mean\narea even for small $n$, as verified by Monte Carlo simulations. This is\nparticularly valuable for applications dealing with discrete-time jumps\nprocesses and ranging from the statistical analysis of single-particle tracking\nexperiments in microbiology to home range estimations in ecology.",
        "positive": "Boltzmann and hydrodynamic description for self-propelled particles: We study analytically the emergence of spontaneous collective motion within\nlarge bidimensional groups of self-propelled particles with noisy local\ninteractions, a schematic model for assemblies of biological organisms. As a\ncentral result, we derive from the individual dynamics the hydrodynamic\nequations for the density and velocity fields, thus giving a microscopic\nfoundation to the phenomenological equations used in previous approaches. A\nhomogeneous spontaneous motion emerges below a transition line in the\nnoise-density plane. Yet, this state is shown to be unstable against spatial\nperturbations, suggesting that more complicated structures should eventually\nappear."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Mechanics Analysis of LDPC Coding in MIMO Gaussian Channels: Using analytical methods of statistical mechanics, we analyse the typical\nbehaviour of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Gaussian channel with\nbinary inputs under LDPC network coding and joint decoding. The saddle point\nequations for the replica symmetric solution are found in particular\nrealizations of this channel, including a small and large number of\ntransmitters and receivers. In particular, we examine the cases of a single\ntransmitter, a single receiver and the symmetric and asymmetric interference\nchannels. Both dynamical and thermodynamical transitions from the ferromagnetic\nsolution of perfect decoding to a non-ferromagnetic solution are identified for\nthe cases considered, marking the practical and theoretical limits of the\nsystem under the current coding scheme. Numerical results are provided, showing\nthe typical level of improvement/deterioration achieved with respect to the\nsingle transmitter/receiver result, for the various cases.",
        "positive": "Fixed point stability and decay of correlations: In the framework of the renormalization-group theory of critical phenomena, a\nquantitative description of many continuous phase transitions can be obtained\nby considering an effective $\\Phi^4$ theories, having an N-component\nfundamental field $\\Phi_i$ and containing up to fourth-order powers of the\nfield components. Their renormalization-group flow is usually characterized by\nseveral fixed points. We give here strong arguments in favour of the following\nconjecture: the stable fixed point corresponds to the fastest decay of\ncorrelations, that is, is the one with the largest values of the critical\nexponent $\\eta$ describing the power-law decay of the two-point function at\ncriticality. We prove this conjecture in the framework of the\n$\\epsilon$-expansion. Then, we discuss its validity beyond the\n$\\epsilon$-expansion. We present several lower-dimensional cases, mostly\nthree-dimensional, which support the conjecture. We have been unable to find a\ncounterexample."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fundamental measure theory of hydrated hydrocarbons: To calculate the solvation of hydrophobic solutes we have developed the\nmethod based on the fundamental measure treatment of the density functional\ntheory. This method allows us to carry out calculations of density profiles and\nthe solvation energy for various hydrophobic molecules with a high accuracy. We\nhave applied the method to the hydration of various hydrocarbons (linear,\nbranched and cyclic). The calculations of the entropic and the enthalpic parts\nare also carried out. We have examined a question about temperature dependence\nof the entropy convergence. Finally, we have calculated the mean force\npotential between two large hydrophobic nanoparticles immersed in water.",
        "positive": "The phase diagram for the bisected-hexagonal-lattice five-state Potts\n  antiferromagnet: In this paper we study the phase diagram of the five-state Potts\nantiferromagnet on the bisected-hexagonal lattice. This question is important\nsince Delfino and Tartaglia recently showed that a second-order transition in a\nfive-state Potts antiferromagnet is allowed, and the bisected-hexagonal lattice\nhad emerged as a candidate for such a transition on numerical grounds. By using\nhigh-precision Monte Carlo simulations and two complementary analysis methods,\nwe conclude that there is a finite-temperature first-order transition point.\nThis one separates a paramagnetic high-temperature phase, and a low-temperature\nphase where five phases coexist. This phase transition is very weak in the\nsense that its latent heat (per edge) is two orders of magnitude smaller than\nthat of other well-known weak first-order phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Criticality and Scaling Relations in a Sheared Granular Material: We investigate a rheological property of a dense granular material under\nshear. By a numerical experiment of the system with constant volume, we find a\ncritical volume fraction at which the shear stress and the pressure behave as\npower-law functions of the shear strain rate. We also present a simple scaling\nargument that determines the power-law exponents. Using these results, we\ninterpret a power-law behavior observed in the system under constant pressure.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Stationary States and Phase Transitions in Directed Ising\n  Models: We study the nonequilibrium properties of directed Ising models with non\nconserved dynamics, in which each spin is influenced by only a subset of its\nnearest neighbours. We treat the following models: (i) the one-dimensional\nchain; (ii) the two-dimensional square lattice; (iii) the two-dimensional\ntriangular lattice; (iv) the three-dimensional cubic lattice. We raise and\nanswer the question: (a) Under what conditions is the stationary state\ndescribed by the equilibrium Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution? We show that for\nmodels (i), (ii), and (iii), in which each spin \"sees\" only half of its\nneighbours, there is a unique set of transition rates, namely with exponential\ndependence in the local field, for which this is the case. For model (iv), we\nfind that any rates satisfying the constraints required for the stationary\nmeasure to be Gibbsian should satisfy detailed balance, ruling out the\npossibility of directed dynamics. We finally show that directed models on\nlattices of coordination number $z\\ge8$ with exponential rates cannot\naccommodate a Gibbsian stationary state. We conjecture that this property\nextends to any form of the rates. We are thus led to the conclusion that\ndirected models with Gibbsian stationary states only exist in dimension one and\ntwo. We then raise the question: (b) Do directed Ising models, augmented by\nGlauber dynamics, exhibit a phase transition to a ferromagnetic state? For the\nmodels considered above, the answers are open problems, to the exception of the\nsimple cases (i) and (ii). For Cayley trees, where each spin sees only the\nspins further from the root, we show that there is a phase transition provided\nthe branching ratio, $q$, satisfies $q \\ge 3$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Three `species' of Schr\u00f6dinger cat states in an infinite-range spin\n  model: We explore a transverse-field Ising model that exhibits both spontaneous\nsymmetry-breaking and eigenstate thermalization. Within its ferromagnetic\nphase, the exact eigenstates of the Hamiltonian of any large but finite-sized\nsystem are all Schr\\\"odinger cat states: superpositions of states with `up' and\n`down' spontaneous magnetization. This model exhibits two dynamical phase\ntransitions {\\it within} its ferromagnetic phase: In the lowest-temperature\nphase the magnetization can macroscopically oscillate between up and down. The\nrelaxation of the magnetization is always overdamped in the remainder of the\nferromagnetic phase, which is divided in to phases where the system thermally\nactivates itself {\\it over} the barrier between the up and down states, and\nwhere it quantum tunnels.",
        "positive": "Eighth-order high-temperature expansion for general Heisenberg\n  Hamiltonians: We explicitly calculate the moments $t_n$ of general Heisenberg Hamiltonians\nup to eighth order. They have the form of finite sums of products of two\nfactors. The first factor is represented by a (multi-)graph which has to be\nevaluated for each particular system under consideration. The second factors\nare well-known universal polynomials in the variable $s(s+1)$, where $s$\ndenotes the individual spin quantum number. From these moments we determine the\ncorresponding coefficients of the high-temperature expansion of the free energy\nand the zero field susceptibility by a new method. These coefficients can be\nwritten in a form which makes explicit their extensive character. Our results\nrepresent a general tool to calculate eighth-order high-temperature series for\narbitrary Heisenberg models. The results are applied to concrete systems,\nnamely to magnetic molecules with the geometry of the icosidodecahedron, to\nfrustrated square lattices, and to the pyrochlore magnets. By comparison with\nother methods that have been recently applied to these systems, we find that\nthe typical susceptibility maximum of the spin-$s$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet\nis well described by the eighth-order high-temperature series."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bose-Einstein Condensation in Exotic Trapping Potentials: We discuss thermal and dynamical properties of Bose condensates confined by\nan external potential. First we analyze the Bose-Einstein transition\ntemperature for an ideal Bose gas in a generic power-law potential and\nd-dimensional space. Then we investigate the effect of the shape of the\ntrapping potential on the properties of a weakly-interacting Bose condensate.\nWe show that using exotic trapping potentials the condensate can exhibit\ninteresting coherent quantum phenomena, like superfluidity and tunneling. In\nparticular, we consider toroidal and double-well potentials. The theoretical\nresults are compared with recent experiments.",
        "positive": "Numerical studies of planar closed random walks: Lattice numerical simulations for planar closed random walks and their\nwinding sectors are presented. The frontiers of the random walks and of their\nwinding sectors have a Hausdorff dimension $d_H=4/3$. However, when properly\ndefined by taking into account the inner 0-winding sectors, the frontiers of\nthe random walks have a Hausdorff dimension $d_H\\approx 1.77$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of diffusive encounters with a small target: Three\n  complementary approaches: Diffusive search for a static target is a common problem in statistical\nphysics with numerous applications in chemistry and biology. We look at this\nproblem from a different perspective and investigate the statistics of\nencounters between the diffusing particle and the target. While an exact\nsolution of this problem was recently derived in the form of a spectral\nexpansion over the eigenbasis of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator, the latter\nis generally difficult to access for an arbitrary target. In this paper, we\npresent three complementary approaches to approximate the probability density\nof the rescaled number of encounters with a small target in a bounded confining\ndomain. In particular, we derive a simple fully explicit approximation, which\ndepends only on a few geometric characteristics such as the surface area and\nthe harmonic capacity of the target, and the volume of the confining domain. We\ndiscuss the advantages and limitations of three approaches and check their\naccuracy. We also deduce an explicit approximation for the distribution of the\nfirst-crossing time, at which the number of encounters exceeds a prescribed\nthreshold. Its relations to common first-passage time problems are discussed.",
        "positive": "Asymmetric Fluid Criticality I: Scaling with Pressure Mixing: The thermodynamic behavior of a fluid near a vapor-liquid and, hence,\nasymmetric critical point is discussed within a general ``complete'' scaling\ntheory incorporating pressure mixing in the nonlinear scaling fields as well as\ncorrections to scaling. This theory allows for a Yang-Yang anomaly in which\n\\mu_{\\sigma}^{\\prime\\prime}(T), the second temperature derivative of the\nchemical potential along the phase boundary, diverges like the specific heat\nwhen T\\to T_{\\scriptsize c}; it also generates a leading singular term,\n|t|^{2\\beta}, in the coexistence curve diameter, where t\\equiv\n(T-T_{\\scriptsize c}) /T_{\\scriptsize c}. The behavior of various special loci,\nsuch as the critical isochore, the critical isotherm, the k-inflection loci, on\nwhich \\chi^{(k)}\\equiv \\chi(\\rho,T)/\\rho^{k} (with \\chi = \\rho^{2}\nk_{\\scriptsize B}TK_{T}) and C_{V}^{(k)}\\equiv C_{V}(\\rho,T)/\\rho^{k} are\nmaximal at fixed T, is carefully elucidated. These results are useful for\nanalyzing simulations and experiments, since particular, nonuniversal values of\nk specify loci that approach the critical density most rapidly and reflect the\npressure-mixing coefficient. Concrete illustrations are presented for the\nhard-core square-well fluid and for the restricted primitive model electrolyte.\nFor comparison, a discussion of the classical (or Landau) theory is presented\nbriefly and various interesting loci are determined explicitly and illustrated\nquantitatively for a van der Waals fluid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Accurate Estimation of Diffusion Coefficients and their Uncertainties\n  from Computer Simulation: Self-diffusion coefficients, $D^*$, are routinely estimated from molecular\ndynamics simulations by fitting a linear model to the observed mean-squared\ndisplacements (MSDs) of mobile species. MSDs derived from simulation suffer\nfrom statistical noise, which introduces uncertainty in the resulting estimate\nof $D^*$. An optimal scheme for estimating $D^*$ will minimise this\nuncertainty, i.e., will have high statistical efficiency, and will give an\naccurate estimate of the uncertainty itself. We present a scheme for estimating\n$D^*$ from a single simulation trajectory with high statistical efficiency and\naccurately estimating the uncertainty in the predicted value. The statistical\ndistribution of MSDs observable from a given simulation is modelled as a\nmultivariate normal distribution using an analytical covariance matrix for an\nequivalent system of freely diffusing particles, which we parameterise from the\navailable simulation data. We then perform Bayesian regression to sample the\ndistribution of linear models that are compatible with this model multivariate\nnormal distribution, to obtain a statistically efficient estimate of $D^*$ and\nan accurate estimate of the associated statistical uncertainty.",
        "positive": "Optimized free energies from bidirectional single-molecule force\n  spectroscopy: An optimized method for estimating path-ensemble averages using data from\nprocesses driven in opposite directions is presented. Based on this estimator,\nbidirectional expressions for reconstructing free energies and potentials of\nmean force from single-molecule force spectroscopy - valid for biasing\npotentials of arbitrary stiffness - are developed. Numerical simulations on a\nmodel potential indicate that these methods perform better than unidirectional\nstrategies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Phase Transitions on Percolating Lattices: When a quantum many-particle system exists on a randomly diluted lattice, its\nintrinsic thermal and quantum fluctuations coexist with geometric fluctuations\ndue to percolation. In this paper, we explore how the interplay of these\nfluctuations influences the phase transition at the percolation threshold.\nWhile it is well known that thermal fluctuations generically destroy long-range\norder on the critical percolation cluster, the effects of quantum fluctuations\nare more subtle. In diluted quantum magnets with and without dissipation, this\nleads to novel universality classes for the zero-temperature percolation\nquantum phase transition. Observables involving dynamical correlations display\nnonclassical scaling behavior that can nonetheless be determined exactly in two\ndimensions.",
        "positive": "Mean field theory for skewed height profiles in KPZ growth processes: We propose a mean field theory for interfaces growing according to the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation in 1+1 dimensions. The mean field equations\nare formulated in terms of densities at different heights, taking surface\ntension and the influence of the nonlinear term in the KPZ equation into\naccount. Although spatial correlations are neglected, the mean field equations\nstill reflect the spatial dimensionality of the system. In the special case of\nEdwards-Wilkinson growth,our mean field theory correctly reproduces all\nfeatures. In the presence of a nonlinear term one observes a crossover to a\nKPZ-like behavior with the correct dynamical exponent $z=3/2$. In particular we\ncompute the skewed interface profile during roughening, and we study the\ninfluence of a co-moving reflecting wall, which has been discussed recently in\nthe context of nonequilibrium wetting and synchronization transitions. Also\nhere the mean field approximation reproduces all qualitative features of the\nfull KPZ equation, although with different values of the surface exponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaled Brownian motion with renewal resetting: We investigate an intermittent stochastic process in which the diffusive\nmotion with time-dependent diffusion coefficient $D(t) \\sim t^{\\alpha -1}$ with\n$\\alpha > 0$ (scaled Brownian motion) is stochastically reset to its initial\nposition, and starts anew. \\color{black} In the present work we discuss the\nsituation, in which the memory on the value of the diffusion coefficient at a\nresetting time is erased, so that the whole process is a fully renewal one. The\nsituation when the resetting of coordinate does not affect the diffusion\ncoefficient's time dependence is considered in the other work of this series.\nWe show that the properties of the probability densities in such processes\n(erazing or retaining the memory on the diffusion coefficient) are vastly\ndifferent. \\color{black} In addition we discuss the first passage properties of\nthe scaled Brownian motion with renewal resetting and consider the dependence\nof the efficiency of search on the parameters of the process.",
        "positive": "Fluctuating hydrodynamics and correlation lengths in a driven granular\n  fluid: Static and dynamical structure factors for shear and longitudinal modes of\nthe velocity and density fields are computed for a granular system fluidized by\na stochastic bath with friction. Analytical expressions are obtained through\nfluctuating hydrodynamics and are successfully compared with numerical\nsimulations up to a volume fraction $\\sim 50%$. Hydrodynamic noise is the sum\nof external noise due to the bath and internal one due to collisions. Only the\nlatter is assumed to satisfy the fluctuation-dissipation relation with the\naverage granular temperature. Static velocity structure factors $S_\\perp(k)$\nand $S_\\parallel(k)$ display a general non-constant behavior with two plateaux\nat large and small $k$, representing the granular temperature $T_g$ and the\nbath temperature $T_b>T_g$ respectively. From this behavior, two different\nvelocity correlation lengths are measured, both increasing as the packing\nfraction is raised. This growth of spatial order is in agreement with the\nbehaviour of dynamical structure factors, the decay of which becomes slower and\nslower at increasing density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stability analysis of the homogeneous hydrodynamics of a model for a\n  confined granular gas: The linear hydrodynamic stability of a model for confined\nquasi-two-dimensional granular gases is analyzed. The system exhibits\nhomogeneous hydrodynamics, i.e. there are macroscopic evolution equations for\nhomogeneous states. The stability analysis is carried out around all these\nstates and not only the homogeneous steady state reached eventually by the\nsystem. It is shown that in some cases the linear analysis is not enough to\nreach a definite conclusion on the stability, and molecular dynamics simulation\nresults are presented to elucidate these cases. The analysis shows the\nrelevance of nonlinear hydrodynamic contributions to describe the behavior of\nspontaneous fluctuations occurring in the system, that lead even to the\ntransitory formation of clusters of particles. The conclusion is that the\nsystem is always stable. The relevance of the results for describing the\ninstabilities of confined granular gases observed experimentally is discussed.",
        "positive": "Entanglement entropy of two disjoint blocks in critical Ising models: We study the scaling of the Renyi and entanglement entropy of two disjoint\nblocks of critical Ising models, as function of their sizes and separations. We\npresent analytic results based on conformal field theory that are\nquantitatively checked in numerical simulations of both the quantum spin chain\nand the classical two dimensional Ising model. Theoretical results match the\nones obtained from numerical simulations only after taking properly into\naccount the corrections induced by the finite length of the blocks to their\nleading scaling behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "General criterion for harmonicity: Inspired by Kubo-Anderson Markov processes, we introduce a new class of\ntransfer matrices whose largest eigenvalue is determined by a simple explicit\nalgebraic equation. Applications include the free energy calculation for\nvarious equilibrium systems and a general criterion for perfect harmonicity,\ni.e., a free energy that is exactly quadratic in the external field. As an\nillustration, we construct a \"perfect spring\", namely a polymer with\nnon-Gaussian, exponentially distributed sub-units which nevertheless remains\nharmonic until it is fully stretched. This surprising discovery is confirmed by\nMonte Carlo and Langevin simulations.",
        "positive": "Exactly solvable model with two conductor-insulator transitions driven\n  by impurities: We present an exact analysis of two conductor-insulator transitions in the\nrandom graph model. The average connectivity is related to the concentration of\nimpurities. The adjacency matrix of a large random graph is used as a hopping\nHamiltonian. Its spectrum has a delta peak at zero energy. Our analysis is\nbased on an explicit expression for the height of this peak, and a detailed\ndescription of the localized eigenvectors and of their contribution to the\npeak. Starting from the low connectivity (high impurity density) regime, one\nencounters an insulator-conductor transition for average connectivity\n1.421529... and a conductor-insulator transition for average connectivity\n3.154985.... We explain the spectral singularity at average connectivity\ne=2.718281... and relate it to another enumerative problem in random graph\ntheory, the minimal vertex cover problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The influence of interplanar coupling on the entropy and specific heat\n  of the bilayer ferromagnet: The Pair Approximation method is applied to studies of the magnetic\nIsing-Heisenberg bilayer with simple cubic structure and spin $S=1/2$. The\nmethod allows to take into account quantum effects related to Heisenberg\ncouplings. In the paper the entropy and magnetic contribution to the specific\nheat are calculated. A special attention is paid to the case when the planes\nare magnetically non-equivalent and the interplanar coupling is relatively\nweak. A double peak structure in the temperature dependence of the specific\nheat and the entropy change in the external field is found. When the system is\nstrongly anisotropic (the case of Ising couplings) the Exact Calculations for\nFinite Cluster are performed for comparison with the Pair Approximation method.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics for non-reciprocal forces: A basic statistical mechanics analysis of many-body systems with\nnon-reciprocal pair interactions is presented. Different non-reciprocity\nclasses in two- and three-dimensional binary systems (relevant to real\nexperimental situations) are investigated, where the action-reaction symmetry\nis broken for the interaction between different species. The asymmetry is\ncharacterized by a non-reciprocity parameter $\\Delta$, which is the ratio of\nthe non-reciprocal to reciprocal pair forces. It is shown that for the\n\"constant\" non-reciprocity (when $\\Delta$ is independent of the interparticle\ndistance $r$) one can construct a pseudo-Hamiltonian and such systems, being\nintrinsically non-equilibrium, can nevertheless be described in terms of\nequilibrium statistical mechanics and exhibit detailed balance with distinct\ntemperatures for the different species. For a general case (when $\\Delta$ is a\nfunction of $r$) the temperatures grow with time, approaching a universal\npower-law scaling, while their ratio is determined by an effective constant\nnon-reciprocity which is uniquely defined for a given interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gap Statistics for Confined Particles with Power-Law Interactions: We consider the $N$ particle classical Riesz gas confined in a\none-dimensional external harmonic potential with power law interaction of the\nform $1/r^k$ where $r$ is the separation between particles. As special limits\nit contains several systems such as Dyson's log-gas ($k\\to 0^+$),\nCalogero-Moser model ($k=2$), 1d one component plasma ($k=-1$) and the hard-rod\ngas ($k\\to \\infty$). Despite its growing importance, only large-$N$ field\ntheory and average density profile are known for general $k$. In this Letter,\nwe study the fluctuations in the system by looking at the statistics of the gap\nbetween successive particles. This quantity is analogous to the well-known\nlevel spacing statistics which is ubiquitous in several branches of physics. We\nshow that the variance goes as $N^{-b_k}$ and we find the $k$ dependence of\n$b_k$ via direct Monte Carlo simulations. We provide supporting arguments based\non microscopic Hessian calculation and a quadratic field theory approach. We\ncompute the gap distribution and study its system size scaling. Except in the\nrange $-1<k<0$, we find scaling for all $k>-2$ with both Gaussian and\nnon-Gaussian scaling forms.",
        "positive": "Macroscopic time evolution and MaxEnt inference for closed systems with\n  Hamiltonian dynamics: MaxEnt inference algorithm and information theory are relevant for the time\nevolution of macroscopic systems considered as problem of incomplete\ninformation. Two different MaxEnt approaches are introduced in this work, both\napplied to prediction of time evolution for closed Hamiltonian systems. The\nfirst one is based on Liouville equation for the conditional probability\ndistribution, introduced as a strict microscopic constraint on time evolution\nin phase space. The conditional probability distribution is defined for the set\nof microstates associated with the set of phase space paths determined by\nsolutions of Hamilton's equations. The MaxEnt inference algorithm with\nShannon's concept of the conditional information entropy is then applied to\nprediction, consistently with this strict microscopic constraint on time\nevolution in phase space. The second approach is based on the same concepts,\nwith a difference that Liouville equation for the conditional probability\ndistribution is introduced as a macroscopic constraint given by a phase space\naverage. We consider the incomplete nature of our information about microscopic\ndynamics in a rational way that is consistent with Jaynes' formulation of\npredictive statistical mechanics. Maximization of the conditional information\nentropy subject to this macroscopic constraint leads to a loss of correlation\nbetween the initial phase space paths and final microstates. Information\nentropy is the theoretic upper bound on the conditional information entropy,\nwith the upper bound attained only in case of the complete loss of correlation.\nIn this alternative approach to prediction of macroscopic time evolution,\nmaximization of the conditional information entropy is equivalent to the loss\nof statistical correlation. In accordance with Jaynes, irreversibility appears\nas a consequence of gradual loss of information about possible microstates of\nthe system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological Charge Order and Binding in a Frustrated XY Model and\n  Related systems: We prove the existence of a finite temperature Z_{2} phase transition for the\ntopological charge ordering within the Fully Frustrated XY Model. Our method\nenables a proof of the topological charge confinement within the conventional\nXY models from a rather general vista. One of the complications that we face is\nthe non-exact equivalence of the continuous (angular) XY model and its discrete\ntopological charge dual. In reality, the energy spectra of the various\ntopological sectors are highly nested much unlike that suggested by the\ndiscrete dual models. We surmount these difficulties by exploiting the\nReflection Positivity symmetry that this periodic flux phase model possesses.\nThe techniques introduced here may prove binding of topological charges in\nnumerous models and might be applied to examine transitions associated with\nvarious topological defects, e.g., the confinement of disclinations in the\nisotropic to nematic transition.",
        "positive": "Linear and branched polymers on fractals: This is a pedagogical review of the subject of linear polymers on\ndeterministic finitely ramified fractals. For these, one can determine the\ncritical properties exactly by real-space renormalization group technique. We\nshow how this is used to determine the critical exponents of self-avoiding\nwalks on different fractals. The behavior of critical exponents for the\n$n$-simplex lattice in the limit of large $n$ is determined. We study\nself-avoiding walks when the fractal dimension of the underlying lattice is\njust below 2. We then consider the case of linear polymers with attractive\ninteractions, which on some fractals leads to a collapse transition. The\nfractals also provide a setting where the adsorption of a linear chain near on\nattractive substrate surface and the zipping-unzipping transition of two\nmutually interacting chains can be studied analytically. We also discuss\nbriefly the critical properties of branched polymers on fractals."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equivalence of the train model of earthquake and boundary driven\n  Edwards-Wilkinson interface: A discretized version of the Burridge-Knopoff train model with (non-linear\nfriction force replaced by) random pinning is studied in one and two\ndimensions. A scale free distribution of avalanches and the Omori law type\nbehaviour for after-shocks are obtained. The avalanche dynamics of this model\nbecomes precisely similar (identical exponent values) to the Edwards-Wilkinson\n(EW) model of interface propagation. It also allows the complimentary\nobservation of depinning velocity growth (with exponent value identical with\nthat for EW model) in this train model and Omori law behaviour of after-shock\n(depinning) avalanches in the EW model.",
        "positive": "Spectral analysis of deformed random networks: We study spectral behavior of sparsely connected random networks under the\nrandom matrix framework. Sub-networks without any connection among them form a\nnetwork having perfect community structure. As connections among the\nsub-networks are introduced, the spacing distribution shows a transition from\nthe Poisson statistics to the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble statistics of random\nmatrix theory. The eigenvalue density distribution shows a transition to the\nWigner's semicircular behavior for a completely deformed network. The range for\nwhich spectral rigidity, measured by the Dyson-Mehta $\\Delta_3$ statistics,\nfollows the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble statistics depends upon the\ndeformation of the network from the perfect community structure. The spacing\ndistribution is particularly useful to track very slight deformations of the\nnetwork from a perfect community structure, whereas the density distribution\nand the $\\Delta_3$ statistics remain identical to the undeformed network. On\nthe other hand the $\\Delta_3$ statistics is useful for the larger deformation\nstrengths. Finally, we analyze the spectrum of a protein-protein interaction\nnetwork for Helicobacter, and compare the spectral behavior with those of the\nmodel networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal cover-time distribution of heterogeneous random walks: The cover-time problem, i.e., time to visit every site in a system, is one of\nthe key issues of random walks with wide applications in natural, social, and\nengineered systems. Addressing the full distribution of cover times for random\nwalk on complex structures has been a long-standing challenge and has attracted\npersistent efforts. Yet, the known results are essentially limited to\nhomogeneous systems, where different sites are on an equal footing and have\nidentical or close mean first-passage times, such as random walks on a torus.\nIn contrast, realistic random walks are prevailingly heterogeneous with\ndiversified mean first-passage times. Does a universal distribution still\nexist? Here, by considering the most general situations, we uncover a\ngeneralized rescaling relation for the cover time, exploiting the diversified\nmean first-passage times that have not been accounted for before. This allows\nus to concretely establish a universal distribution of the rescaled cover times\nfor heterogeneous random walks, which turns out to be the Gumbel universality\nclass that is ubiquitous for a large family of extreme value statistics. Our\nanalysis is based on the transfer matrix framework, which is generic that\nbesides heterogeneity, it is also robust against biased protocols, directed\nlinks, and self-connecting loops. The finding is corroborated with extensive\nnumerical simulations of diverse heterogeneous non-compact random walks on both\nmodel and realistic topological structures. Our new technical ingredient may be\nexploited for other extreme value or ergodicity problems with nonidentical\ndistributions.",
        "positive": "Entropy production in nonequilibrium steady states: A different approach\n  and an exactly solvable canonical model: We discuss entropy production in nonequilibrium steady states by focusing on\npaths obtained by sampling at regular (small) intervals, instead of sampling on\neach change of the system's state. This allows us to study directly entropy\nproduction in systems with microscopic irreversibility, for the first time. The\ntwo sampling methods are equivalent, otherwise, and the fluctuation theorem\nholds also for the novel paths. We focus on a fully irreversible three-state\nloop, as a canonical model of microscopic irreversibility, finding its entropy\ndistribution, rate of entropy pr oduction, and large deviation function in\nclosed analytical form, and showing that the widely observed kink in the large\ndeviation function arises solely f rom microscopic irreversibility."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Precision and dissipation of a stochastic Turing pattern: Spontaneous pattern formation is a fundamental scientific problem that has\nreceived much attention since the seminal theoretical work of Turing on\nreaction-diffusion systems. In molecular biophysics, this phenomena often takes\nplace under the influence of large fluctuations. It is then natural to inquire\nabout the precision of such pattern. In particular, spontaneous pattern\nformation is a nonequilibrium phenomenon, and the relation between the\nprecision of a pattern and the thermodynamic cost associated with it remains\nunexplored. Here, we analyze this relation with a paradigmatic stochastic\nreaction-diffusion model, the Brusselator in one spatial dimension. We find\nthat the precision of the pattern is maximized for an intermediate\nthermodynamic cost, i.e., increasing the thermodynamic cost beyond this value\nmakes the pattern less precise. Even though fluctuations get less pronounced\nwith an increase in thermodynamic cost, we argue that larger fluctuations can\nalso have a positive effect on the precision of the pattern.",
        "positive": "Localization transition induced by learning in random searches: We solve an adaptive search model where a random walker or L\\'evy flight\nstochastically resets to previously visited sites on a $d$-dimensional lattice\ncontaining one trapping site. Due to reinforcement, a phase transition occurs\nwhen the resetting rate crosses a threshold above which non-diffusive\nstationary states emerge, localized around the inhomogeneity. The threshold\ndepends on the trapping strength and on the walker's return probability in the\nmemoryless case. The transition belongs to the same class as the\nself-consistent theory of Anderson localization. These results show that\nsimilarly to many living organisms and unlike the well-studied Markovian walks,\nnon-Markov movement processes can allow agents to learn about their environment\nand promise to bring adaptive solutions in search tasks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Harmonically confined long-ranged interacting gas in the presence of a\n  hard wall: In this paper, we compute exactly the average density of a harmonically\nconfined Riesz gas of $N$ particles for large $N$ in the presence of a hard\nwall. In this Riesz gas, the particles repel each other via a pairwise\ninteraction that behaves as $|x_i - x_j|^{-k}$ for $k>-2$, with $x_i$ denoting\nthe position of the $i^{\\rm th}$ particle. This density can be classified into\nthree different regimes of $k$. For $k \\geq 1$, where the interactions are\neffectively short-ranged, the appropriately scaled density has a finite support\nover $[-l_k(w),w]$ where $w$ is the scaled position of the wall. While the\ndensity vanishes at the left edge of the support, it approaches a nonzero\nconstant at the right edge $w$. For $-1<k<1$, where the interactions are weakly\nlong-ranged, we find that the scaled density is again supported over\n$[-l_k(w),w]$. While it still vanishes at the left edge of the support, it\ndiverges at the right edge $w$ algebraically with an exponent $(k-1)/2$. For\n$-2<k< -1$, the interactions are strongly long-ranged that leads to a rather\nexotic density profile with an extended bulk part and a delta-peak at the wall,\nseparated by a hole in between. Exactly at $k=-1$ the hole disappears. For\n$-2<k< -1$, we find an interesting first-order phase transition when the scaled\nposition of the wall decreases through a critical value $w=w^*(k)$. For\n$w<w^*(k)$, the density is a pure delta-peak located at the wall. The amplitude\nof the delta-peak plays the role of an order parameter which jumps to the value\n$1$ as $w$ is decreased through $w^*(k)$. Our analytical results are in very\ngood agreement with our Monte-Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Experimental measurement of relative path probabilities and stochastic\n  actions: For diffusive stochastic dynamics, the probability to observe any individual\ntrajectory is vanishingly small, making it unclear how to experimentally\nvalidate theoretical results for ratios of path probabilities. We provide the\nmissing link between theory and experiment, by establishing a protocol to\nextract ratios of path probabilities from measured time series. For experiments\non a single colloidal particle in a microchannel, we extract both ratios of\npath probabilities, and the most probable path for a barrier crossing, and find\nexcellent agreement with independently calculated predictions based on the\nOnsager-Machlup stochastic action. Our experimental results at room temperature\nare found to be inconsistent with the low-noise Freidlin-Wentzell stochastic\naction, and we discuss under which circumstances the latter is expected to\ndescribe the most probable path. Furthermore, while the experimentally\naccessible ratio of path probabilities is uniquely determined, the formal\npath-integral action is known to depend on the time-discretization scheme used\nfor deriving it; we reconcile these two seemingly contradictory facts by\ncareful analysis of the time-slicing derivation of the path integral. Our\nexperimental protocol enables us to probe probability distributions on path\nspace, and allows us to relate theoretical single-trajectory results to\nmeasurement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glassy features of crystal plasticity: Crystal plasticity occurs by deformation bursts due to the avalanche-like\nmotion of dislocations. Here we perform extensive numerical simulations of a\nthree-dimensional dislocation dynamics model under quasistatic\nstress-controlled loading. Our results show that avalanches are power-law\ndistributed, and display peculiar stress and sample size dependence: The\naverage avalanche size grows exponentially with the applied stress, and the\namount of slip increases with the system size. These results suggest that\nintermittent deformation processes in crystalline materials exhibit an extended\ncritical-like phase in analogy to glassy systems, instead of originating from a\nnon-equilibrium phase transition critical point.",
        "positive": "Possibility of Prediction of Avalanches in Power Law Systems: We consider a modified Burridge-Knopoff model with a view to understand\nresults of acoustic emission (AE) relevant to earthquakes by adding a\ndissipative term which mimics bursts of acoustic signals. Interestingly, we\nfind a precursor effect in the cumulative energy dissipated which allows\nidentification of a large slip event. Further, the AE activity for several\nlarge slip events follows a universal stretched exponential behavior with\ncorrections in terms of time-to-failure. We find that many features of the\nstatistics of AE signals such as their amplitudes, durations and the intervals\nbetween successive AE bursts obey power laws consistent with recent\nexperimental results. Large magnitude events have different power law from that\nof the small ones, the latter being sensitive to the pulling speed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diagram expansions in classical stochastic field theory: A diagram approach to classical nonlinear stochastic field theory is\nintroduced. This approach is intended to serve as a link between quantum and\nclassical field theories, resulting in an independent constructive\ncharacterisation of the measure in Feynman path integrals in terms of\nstochastic differential equations for the paths.",
        "positive": "An analytical approach to the Mean--Return-Time~Phase of isotropic\n  stochastic oscillators: One notion of phase for stochastic oscillators is based on the mean\nreturn-time (MRT): a set of points represents a certain phase if the mean time\nto return from any point in this set to this set after one rotation is equal to\nthe mean rotation period of the oscillator (irrespective of the starting\npoint). For this so far only algorithmically defined phase, we derive here\nanalytical expressions for the important class of isotropic stochastic\noscillators. This allows us to evaluate cases from the literature explicitly\nand to study the behavior of the MRT phase in the limits of strong noise. We\nalso use the same formalism to show that lines of constant return time variance\n(instead of constant mean return time) can be defined, and that they in general\ndiffer from the MRT-isochrons."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonreciprocal nanoparticle refrigerators: design principles and\n  constraints: We study the heat transfer between two nanoparticles held at different\ntemperatures that interact through nonreciprocal forces, by combining molecular\ndynamics simulations with stochastic thermodynamics. Our simulations reveal\nthat it is possible to construct nano refrigerators that generate a net heat\ntransfer from a cold to a hot reservoir at the expense of power exerted by the\nnonreciprocal forces. Applying concepts from stochastic thermodynamics to a\nminimal under-damped Langevin model, we derive exact analytical expressions\npredictions for the fluctuations of work, heat, and efficiency, which reproduce\nthermodynamic quantities extracted from the molecular dynamics simulations. The\ntheory only involves a single unknown parameter, namely an effective friction\ncoefficient, which we estimate fitting the results of the molecular dynamics\nsimulation to our theoretical predictions. Using this framework, we also\nestablish design principles which identify the minimal amount of entropy\nproduction that is needed to achieve a certain amount of uncertainty in the\npower fluctuations of our nano refrigerator. Taken together, our results shed\nlight on how the direction and fluctuations of heat flows in natural and\nartificial nano machines can be accurately quantified and controlled by using\nnonreciprocal forces.",
        "positive": "The probability distribution of internal stresses in externally loaded\n  2D dislocation systems: The distribution of internal shear stresses in a 2D dislocation system is\ninvestigated when external shear stress is applied. This problem serves as a\nnatural continuation of the previous work of Csikor and Groma (Csikor F F and\nGroma I 2004 Phys. Rev. B 58 2969), where analytical result was given for the\nstress distribution function at zero applied stress. First, the internal stress\ndistribution generated by a set of randomly positioned ideal dislocation\ndipoles is studied. Analytical calculations are carried out for this case. The\ntheoretical predictions are checked by numerical simulations showing perfect\nagreement. It is found that for real relaxed dislocation configurations the\nrole of dislocation multipoles cannot be neglected, but the theory presented\ncan still be applied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Casimir effects in 2D Ising model with curved defect lines: This work is aimed at studying the influence of critical Casimir effects on\nenergetic properties of curved defect lines in the frame of 2D Ising model. Two\ntypes of defect curves were investigated. We start with a simple task of\nglobule formation from four-defect line. It was proved that an exothermic\nreaction of collapse occurs and the dependence of energy release on temperature\nwas observed. Critical Casimir energy of extensive line of constant curvature\nwas also examined. It was shown that its critical Casimir energy is\nproportional to curvature that leads to the tendency to radius decreasing under\nCasimir forces. The results obtained can be applied to proteins folding problem\nin polarized liquid.",
        "positive": "On the response of a system with bound states of particles to the\n  perturbation by the external electromagnetic field: The response of the system, consisting of two kinds of opposite-charged\nfermions and their bound states (hydrogen-like atoms), to the perturbation by\nthe external electromagnetic field in low particle kinetic energies region is\nstudied. Expressions for Green functions that describe the system response to\nthe external electromagnetic field and take into account the presence of\nparticle bound states (atoms) are found. Macroscopic parameters of the system,\nsuch as conductivity, permittivity and magnetic permeability in terms of these\nGreen functions are introduced. As an example, the perturbation of the ideal\nhydrogen-like plasma by the external electromagnetic field in low temperature\nregion is considered. Such approach also enables to study the propagation\nproperties of the signal, tuned up to the transition between two hyperfine\nground state levels of alkali atoms that are considered in Bose-Einstein\ncondensation (BEC) state. It is shown that the signal can propagate in such\nsystem with rather small energy loss. Such fact allows to introduce the group\nvelocity concept and to study the slowing down conditions for the microwave\nsignal that propagates in BEC."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mechanical response of random heteropolymers: We present an analytical theory for heteropolymer deformation, as exemplified\nexperimentally by stretching of single protein molecules. Using a mean-field\nreplica theory, we determine phase diagrams for stress-induced unfolding of\ntypical random sequences. This transition is sharp in the limit of infinitely\nlong chain molecules. But for chain lengths relevant to biological\nmacromolecules, partially unfolded conformations prevail over an intermediate\nrange of stress. These necklace-like structures, comprised of alternating\ncompact and extended subunits, are stabilized by quenched variations in the\ncomposition of finite chain segments. The most stable arrangements of these\nsubunits are largely determined by preferential extension of segments rich in\nsolvophilic monomers. This predicted significance of necklace structures\nexplains recent observations in protein stretching experiments. We examine the\nstatistical features of select sequences that give rise to mechanical strength\nand may thus have guided the evolution of proteins that carry out mechanical\nfunctions in living cells.",
        "positive": "The Stable Random Matrix ensembles: We address the construction of stable random matrix ensembles as the\ngeneralization of the stable random variables (Levy distributions). With a\nsimple method we derive the Cauchy case, which is known to have remarkable\nproperties. These properties allow for such an intuitive method -that relies on\ntaking traces- to hold. Approximate but general results regarding the other\ndistributions are derived as well. Some of the special properties of these\nensembles are evidenced by showing partial failure of mean-field approaches. To\nconclude, we compute the confining potential that gives a Gaussian density of\nstates in the limit of large matrices. The result is an hypergeometric\nfunction, in contrast with the simplicity of the Cauchy case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From Asymptotic Series to Self-Similar Approximants: The review presents the development of an approach of constructing\napproximate solutions to complicated physics problems, starting from asymptotic\nseries, through optimized perturbation theory, to self-similar approximation\ntheory. The close interrelation of underlying ideas of these theories is\nemphasized. Applications of the developed approach are illustrated by typical\nexamples demonstrating that it combines simplicity with good accuracy.",
        "positive": "Cavity approach to sphere packing in Hamming space: In this paper we study the hard sphere packing problem in the Hamming space\nby the cavity method. We show that both the replica symmetric and the replica\nsymmetry breaking approximations give maximum rates of packing that are\nasymptotically the same as the lower bound of Gilbert and Varshamov.\nConsistently with known numerical results, the replica symmetric equations also\nsuggest a crystalline solution, where for even diameters the spheres are more\nlikely to be found in one of the subspaces (even or odd) of the Hamming space.\nThese crystalline packings can be generated by a recursive algorithm which\nfinds maximum packings in an ultra-metric space. Finally, we design a message\npassing algorithm based on the cavity equations to find dense packings of hard\nspheres. Known maximum packings are reproduced efficiently in non trivial\nranges of dimensions and number of spheres."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal rectification in quantum graded mass systems: We show the existence of thermal rectification in the graded mass quantum\nchain of harmonic oscillators with self-consistent reservoirs. Our analytical\nstudy allows us to identify the ingredients leading to the effect. The presence\nof rectification in this effective, simple model (representing graded mass\nmaterials, systems that may be constructed in practice) indicates that\nrectification in graded mass quantum systems may be an ubiquitous phenomenon.\nMoreover, as the classical version of this model does not present\nrectification, our results show that, here, rectification is a direct result of\nthe quantum statistics.",
        "positive": "Ordering kinetics in q-state random-bond clock model: Role of Vortices\n  and Interfaces: In this article, we present a Monte Carlo study of phase transition and\ncoarsening dynamics in the non-conserved two-dimensional random-bond $q$-state\nclock model (RBCM) deriving from a pure clock model [Phys. Rev. E 98, 032109\n(2018)]. Akin to the pure clock model, RBCM also passes through two different\nphases when quenched from a disordered initial configuration representing at\ninfinite temperature. Our investigation of the equilibrium phase transition\naffirms that both upper ($T_c^1$) and lower ($T_c^2$) phase transition\ntemperatures decrease with bond randomness strength $\\epsilon$. Effect of\n$\\epsilon$ on the non-equilibrium coarsening dynamics is investigated following\nindependent rapid quenches in the quasi-long range ordered (QLRO, $T_c^2 < T <\nT_c^1$) regime and long-range ordered (LRO, $T<T_c^2$) regime at temperature\n$T$. We report that the dynamical scaling of the correlation function and\nstructure factor are independent of $\\epsilon$ and the presence of quenched\ndisorder slows down domain coarsening. Coarsening dynamics in both LRO and QLRO\nregimes are further characterized by power-law growth with disorder-dependent\nexponents within our simulation time scales. The growth exponents in the LRO\nregime decreases from 0.5 in the pure case to 0.22 in the maximum disordered\ncase, whereas the corresponding change in the QLRO regime happens from 0.45 to\n0.38. We further explored the coarsening dynamics in the bond-diluted clock\nmodel and in both the models, the effect of the disorder is more significant\nfor the quench in the LRO regime compared to the QLRO regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A framework of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. I. Role and type of\n  fluctuations: Understanding the fluctuations by which phenomenological evolution equations\nwith thermodynamic structure can be enhanced is the key to a general framework\nof nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. These fluctuations provide an\nidealized representation of microscopic details. We consider\nfluctuation-enhanced equations associated with Markov processes and elaborate\nthe general recipes for evaluating dynamic material properties, which\ncharacterize force-flux constitutive laws, by statistical mechanics. Markov\nprocesses with continuous trajectories are conveniently characterized by\nstochastic differential equations and lead to Green-Kubo-type formulas for\ndynamic material properties. Markov processes with discontinuous jumps include\ntransitions over energy barriers with the rates calculated by Kramers. We\ndescribe a unified approach to Markovian fluctuations and demonstrate how the\nappropriate type of fluctuations (continuous versus discontinuous) is reflected\nin the mathematical structure of the phenomenological equations.",
        "positive": "Periodic thermodynamics of isolated systems: The nature of the behaviour of an isolated many-body quantum system\nperiodically driven in time has been an open question since the beginning of\nquantum mechanics. After an initial transient, such a system is known to\nsynchronize with the driving; in contrast to the non-driven case, no\nfundamental principle has been proposed for constructing the resulting\nnon-equilibrium state. Here, we analytically show that, for a class of\nintegrable systems, the relevant ensemble is constructed by maximizing an\nappropriately defined entropy subject to constraints, which we explicitly\nidentify. This result constitutes a generalisation of the concepts of\nequilibrium statistical mechanics to a class of far-from-equilibrium-systems,\nup to now mainly accessible using ad-hoc methods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal equation of state describes osmotic pressure throughout\n  gelation process: The equation of state of the osmotic pressure for linear-polymer solutions in\ngood solvents is universally described by a scaling function. We experimentally\nmeasure the osmotic pressure of the gelation process via osmotic deswelling. We\nfind that the same scaling function for linear-polymer solutions also describes\nthe osmotic pressure throughout the gelation process involving both the sol and\ngel states. Furthermore, we reveal that the osmotic pressure of polymer gels is\nuniversally governed by the semidilute scaling law of linear-polymer solutions.",
        "positive": "Cluster structure of optimal solutions in bipartitioning of small worlds: Using a simulated annealing, we examine a bipartitioning of small worlds\nobtained by adding a fraction of randomly chosen links to a one-dimensional\nchain or a square lattice. Models defined on small worlds typically exhibit a\nmean-field behaviour, regardless of the underlying lattice. Our work\ndemonstrates that the bipartitioning of small worlds does depend on the\nunderlying lattice. Simulations show that for one-dimensional small worlds,\noptimal partitions are finite size clusters for any fraction of additional\nlinks. In the two-dimensional case, we observe two regimes: when the fraction\nof additional links is sufficiently small, the optimal partitions have a\nstripe-like shape, which is lost for larger number of additional links as\noptimal partitions become disordered. Some arguments, which interpret\nadditional links as thermal excitations and refer to the thermodynamics of\nIsing models, suggest a qualitatitve explanation of such a behaviour. The\nhistogram of overlaps suggests that a replica symmetry is broken in a\none-dimensional small world. In the two-dimensional case, the replica symmetry\nseems to hold but with some additional degeneracy of stripe-like partitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum-disentangled liquid in the half-filled Hubbard model: We investigate the existence of quantum disentangled liquid (QDL) states in\nthe half-filled Hubbard model on bipartite lattices. In the one dimensional\ncase we employ a combination of integrability and strong coupling expansion\nmethods to argue that there are indeed finite energy-density eigenstates that\nexhibit QDL behaviour in the sense of J. Stat. Mech. P10010 (2014). The states\nexhibiting the QDL property are atypical in the sense that while their entropy\ndensity is non-zero, it is smaller than that of thermal states at the same\nenergy density. We argue that for U >> t these latter thermal states exhibit a\nweaker form of the QDL property, which carries over to the higher dimensional\ncase.",
        "positive": "Thermodiffusion in model nanofluids by molecular dynamics simulations: In this work, a new algorithm is proposed to compute single particle\n(infinite dilution) thermodiffusion using Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics\nsimulations through the estimation of the thermophoretic force that applies on\na solute particle. This scheme is shown to provide consistent results for\nsimple Lennard-Jones fluids and for model nanofluids (spherical non-metallic\nnanoparticles + Lennard-Jones fluid) where it appears that thermodiffusion\namplitude, as well as thermal conductivity, decrease with nanoparticles\nconcentration. Then, in nanofluids in the liquid state, by changing the nature\nof the nanoparticle (size, mass and internal stiffness) and of the solvent\n(quality and viscosity) various trends are exhibited. In all cases the single\nparticle thermodiffusion is positive, i.e. the nanoparticle tends to migrate\ntoward the cold area. The single particle thermal diffusion 2 coefficient is\nshown to be independent of the size of the nanoparticle (diameter of 0.8 to 4\nnm), whereas it increases with the quality of the solvent and is inversely\nproportional to the viscosity of the fluid. In addition, this coefficient is\nshown to be independent of the mass of the nanoparticle and to increase with\nthe stiffness of the nanoparticle internal bonds. Besides, for these\nconfigurations, the mass diffusion coefficient behavior appears to be\nconsistent with a Stokes-Einstein like law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structure and Randomness of Continuous-Time Discrete-Event Processes: Loosely speaking, the Shannon entropy rate is used to gauge a stochastic\nprocess' intrinsic randomness; the statistical complexity gives the cost of\npredicting the process. We calculate, for the first time, the entropy rate and\nstatistical complexity of stochastic processes generated by finite unifilar\nhidden semi-Markov models---memoryful, state-dependent versions of renewal\nprocesses. Calculating these quantities requires introducing novel mathematical\nobjects ({\\epsilon}-machines of hidden semi-Markov processes) and new\ninformation-theoretic methods to stochastic processes.",
        "positive": "Renormalization-Group Theory and Universality along the Lambda Line of\n  $^4$He: The present status of the renormalization-group (RG) predictions on the\nsuperfluid density $\\rho_s$ and the specific heat $C^+$ and $C^-$ near the\n$\\lambda$-line of $^4He$ is briefly reviewed. Particular attention is given to\nuniversal amplitude ratios related to these quantities. The goals of a new\ntheory project are presented that involves higher-order calculations of the\namplitude functions of $\\rho_s, C^+$ and $C^-$ which are of fundamental\nimportance for a test of the universality predictions of the RG theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Striped phases in two dimensional dipole systems: We prove that a system of discrete 2D in-plane dipoles with four possible\norientations, interacting via a 3D dipole-dipole interaction plus a nearest\nneighbor ferromagnetic term, has periodic striped ground states. As the\nstrength of the ferromagnetic term is increased, the size of the stripes in the\nground state increases, becoming infinite, i.e., giving a ferromagentic ground\nstate, when the ferromagentic interaction exceeds a certain critical value. We\nalso give a rigorous proof of the reorientation transition in the ground state\nof a 2D system of discrete dipoles with six possible orientations, interacting\nvia a 3D dipole-dipole interaction plus a nearest neighbor antiferromagnetic\nterm. As the strength of the antiferromagnetic term is increased the ground\nstate flips from being striped and in-plane to being staggered and\nout-of-plane. An example of a rotator model with a sinusoidal ground state is\nalso discussed.",
        "positive": "The Local Time Distribution of a Particle Diffusing on a Graph: We study the local time distribution of a Brownian particle diffusing along\nthe links on a graph. In particular, we derive an analytic expression of its\nLaplace transform in terms of the Green's function on the graph. We show that\nthe asymptotic behavior of this distribution has non-Gaussian tails\ncharacterized by a nontrivial large deviation function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-linear current and dynamical quantum phase transitions in the\n  flux-quenched Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model: We investigate the dynamical effects of a magnetic flux quench in the\nSu-Schrieffer-Heeger model in a one-dimensional ring geometry. We show that,\neven when the system is initially in the half-filled insulating state, the flux\nquench induces a time-dependent current that eventually reaches a finite\nstationary value. Such persistent current, which exists also in the\nthermodynamic limit, cannot be captured by the linear response theory and is\nthe hallmark of nonlinear dynamical effects occurring in the presence of\ndimerization. Moreover, we show that, for a range of values of dimerization\nstrength and initial flux, the system exhibits dynamical quantum phase\ntransitions, despite the quench is performed within the same topological class\nof the model.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Interpretaion of Entanglement in Canonical Nonlinearity: For classical discrete system under constant composition, typically reffered\nto as substitutional alloys, canonical average acts as nonlinear map F from a\nset of potential energy surface U to that of microscopic configuration in\nthermodynamic equilibrium, Q, which is called canonical nonlinearity (CN). On\nstatistical manifold, at any given configuration, F can be divided into the sum\nof local and non-local contribution in terms of Kullback-Leibler (KL)\ndivergence, where the former has strong positive correlation with time\nevolution of the nonlinearity (NOL) on configuration space (called\nanharmonicity in structural degree of freedoms (ASDF), while the latter,\ncorresponding to entanglement in SDFs, does exhibit clear correlation with the\nASDF. On the other hand, our recent work bridge the different concepts of NOL\non configuration space and statistical manifold through stochastic\nthermodynamics. While the work successfully provides clear relationships\nbetween the changes in total NOL through system transition and heat transfer,\nthermodynamic interpretation of how the entanglment in SDFs contributes to\nthermodynamic functions, is totally unclear due mainly to its non-trivial,\nnon-local character. The present study tackle this problem, deriving upper\nbound for the entanglement for any given transition in terms of the mutual\ninformation, heat transfer and free energy. The present thermodynamic\ninterpretaion will provide quantitative description of how the entanglement in\nSDFs is dominated by configuration of ground-state structures on configuration\nspace."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic phase transitions in simple driven kinetic networks: We analyze the probability distribution for entropy production rates of\ntrajectories evolving on a class of out-of-equilibrium kinetic networks. These\nnetworks can serve as simple models for driven dynamical systems, which are of\nparticular importance in biological processes, where energy fluxes typically\nresult in non-equilibrium dynamics. By analyzing the fluctuations in the\nentropy production, we demonstrate the emergence, in a large system size limit,\nof a dynamic phase transition between two distinct dynamical regimes.",
        "positive": "Ensemble equivalence in spin systems with short-range interactions: We study the problem of ensemble equivalence in spin systems with short-range\ninteractions under the existence of a first-order phase transition. The\nspherical model with nonlinear nearest-neighbour interactions is solved exactly\nboth for canonical and microcanonical ensembles. The result reveals apparent\nensemble inequivalence at the first-order transition point in the sense that\nthe microcanonical entropy is non-concave as a function of the energy and\nconsequently the specific heat is negative. In order to resolve the paradox, we\nshow that an unconventional saddle point should be chosen in the microcanonical\ncalculation that represents a phase separation. The XY model with non-linear\ninteractions is also studied by microcanonical Monte Carlo simulations in two\ndimensions to see how this model behaves in comparison with the spherical\nmodel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on Inconsistency of the basic nonadditivity of q-nonextensive\n  statistical mechanics, arXiv:0910.3826v1: In a recent paper, Wang. et al. (2009) claim that Tsallis' nonadditivity of\nq-nonextensive statistical mechanics (Gell-Mann and Tsallis 2004, Tsallis 2009)\nis mathematically inconsistent and hence one should carefully review Tsallis'\nideas and theory in toto. This present comment is to point out that the\nconclusions of Wang et al. (2009) were arrived at by misinterpreting two basic\nitems and hence the advice of Wang et al. should be carefully reviewed.",
        "positive": "A two-species model of a two-dimensional sandpile surface: a case of\n  asymptotic roughening: We present and analyze a model of an evolving sandpile surface in (2 + 1)\ndimensions where the dynamics of mobile grains ({\\rho}(x, t)) and immobile\nclusters (h(x, t)) are coupled. Our coupling models the situation where the\nsandpile is flat on average, so that there is no bias due to gravity. We find\nanomalous scaling: the expected logarithmic smoothing at short length and time\nscales gives way to roughening in the asymptotic limit, where novel and\nnon-trivial exponents are found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic Ordering in the Spin-Ice Candidate Ho$_2$Ru$_2$O$_7$: Neutron scattering measurements on the spin-ice candidate material\nHo$_2$Ru$_2$O$_7$ have revealed two magnetic transitions at T $\\sim$ 95 K and T\n$\\sim$ 1.4 K to long-range ordered states involving the Ru and Ho sublattices,\nrespectively. Between these transitions, the Ho$^{3+}$ moments form\nshort-ranged ordered spin clusters. The internal field provided by the ordered\nS=1 Ru$^{4+}$ moments disrupts the fragile spin-ice state and drives the\nHo$^{3+}$ moments to order. We have directly measured a slight shift in the\nHo$^{3+}$ crystal field levels at 95 K from the Ru ordering.",
        "positive": "Analysis and modeling of science collaboration networks: We analyze a science collaboration network, i.e. a network whose nodes are\nscientists with edges connecting them for each paper published together.\nFurthermore we develop a model for the simulation of discontiguous small-world\nnetworks that shows good coherence with the empirical data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary Effects on Population Dynamics in Stochastic Lattice\n  Lotka-Volterra Models: We investigate spatially inhomogeneous versions of the stochastic\nLotka-Volterra model for predator-prey competition and coexistence by means of\nMonte Carlo simulations on a two-dimensional lattice with periodic boundary\nconditions. To study boundary effects for this paradigmatic population dynamics\nsystem, we employ a simulation domain split into two patches: Upon setting the\npredation rates at two distinct values, one half of the system resides in an\nabsorbing state where only the prey survives, while the other half attains a\nstable coexistence state wherein both species remain active. At the domain\nboundary, we observe a marked enhancement of the predator population density.\nThe predator correlation length displays a minimum at the boundary, before\nreaching its asymptotic constant value deep in the active region. The frequency\nof the population oscillations appears only very weakly affected by the\nexistence of two distinct domains, in contrast to their attenuation rate, which\nassumes its largest value there. We also observe that boundary effects become\nless prominent as the system is successively divided into subdomains in a\ncheckerboard pattern, with two different reaction rates assigned to neighboring\npatches. When the domain size becomes reduced to the scale of the correlation\nlength, the mean population densities attain values that are very similar to\nthose in a disordered system with randomly assigned reaction rates drawn from a\nbimodal distribution.",
        "positive": "A macroscopic model that connects the molar excess entropy of a deeply\n  supercooled liquid near its glass transition temperature to its viscosity: For a deeply supercooled liquid near its glass transition temperature, we\nsuggest a possible way to connect the temperature dependence of its molar\nexcess entropy to that of its viscosity by constructing a macroscopic model,\nwhere the deeply supercooled liquid is assumed to be a mixture of solid-like\nand liquid-like micro regions. In this model, we assume that the mole fraction\nx of the liquid-like micro regions tends to zero as the temperature T of the\nliquid is decreased and extrapolated to a temperature Tg*, which we assume to\nbe below but close to the lowest glass transition temperature Tg attainable\nwith the slowest possible cooling rate for the liquid. Without referring to any\nspecific microscopic nature of the solid-like and liquid-like micro regions, we\nalso assume that near Tg, the molar enthalpy of the solid-like micro regions is\nlower than that of the liquid-like micro regions. We then show that the\ntemperature dependence of x is directly related to that of the molar excess\nentropy. Close to Tg, we assume that an activated motion of the solid-like\nmicro regions controls the viscosity and that this activated motion is a\ncollective motion involving practically all of the solid-like micro-regions so\nthat the molar activation free energy for the activated motion is proportional\nto the mole fraction, 1-x, of the solid-like micro regions. The temperature\ndependence of the viscosity is thus connected to that of the molar excess\nentropy through the temperature dependence of the mole fraction x. As an\nexample, we apply our model to a class of glass formers for which the molar\nexcess entropy at temperatures near Tg is proportional to 1-T/TK with TK < Tg\n\\sim Tg* and find their viscosities to be well approximated by the\nVogel-Fulcher-Tamman equation for temperatures very close to Tg. We estimate\nthe values of three parameters in our model for three glass formers in this\nclass."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reaction-limited quantum reaction-diffusion dynamics: We consider the quantum nonequilibrium dynamics of systems where fermionic\nparticles coherently hop on a one-dimensional lattice and are subject to\ndissipative processes analogous to those of classical reaction-diffusion\nmodels. Particles can either annihilate in pairs, $A+A \\to \\emptyset$,\ncoagulate upon contact, $A+A \\to A$, and possibly also branch, $A \\to A+A$. In\nclassical settings, the interplay between these processes and particle\ndiffusion leads to critical dynamics as well as to absorbing-state phase\ntransitions. Here, we analyze the impact of coherent hopping and of quantum\nsuperposition, focusing on the so-called reaction-limited regime. Here, spatial\ndensity fluctuations are quickly smoothed out due to fast hopping, which for\nclassical systems is described by a mean-field approach. By exploiting the\ntime-dependent generalized Gibbs ensemble method, we demonstrate that quantum\ncoherence and destructive interference play a crucial role in these systems and\nare responsible for the emergence of locally protected dark states and\ncollective behavior beyond mean-field. This can manifest both at stationarity\nand during the relaxation dynamics. Our results highlight fundamental\ndifferences between classical nonequilibrium dynamics and their quantum\ncounterpart and show that quantum effects indeed change collective universal\nbehavior.",
        "positive": "Different thermodynamic pathways to the solvation free energy of a\n  spherical cavity in a hard sphere fluid: This paper determines the excess free energy associated with the formation of\na spherical cavity in a hard sphere fluid. The solvation free energy can be\ncalculated by integration of the structural changes induced by inserting the\ncavity using a number of different exact thermodynamic pathways. We consider\nthree such pathways, including a new density route derived here. Structural\ninformation about the nonuniform hard sphere fluid in the presence of a general\nexternal field is given by the recently developed hydrostatic linear response\n(HLR) integral equation. Use of the HLR results in the different pathways gives\na generally accurate determination of the solvation free energy for cavities\nover a wide range of sizes, from zero to infinity. Results for a related\nmethod, the Gaussian Field Model, are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enhancing Mixing and Diffusion with Plastic Flow: We use numerical simulations to examine two-dimensional particle mixtures\nthat strongly phase separate in equilibrium. When the system is externally\ndriven in the presence of quenched disorder, plastic flow occurs in the form of\nmeandering and strongly mixing channels. In some cases this can produce a fast\nand complete mixing of previously segregated particle species, as well as an\nenhancement of transverse diffusion even in the absence of thermal\nfluctuations. We map the mixing phase diagram as a function of external driving\nand quenched disorder parameters.",
        "positive": "Facet Formation in the Negative Quenched Kardar-Parisi-Zhang Equation: The quenched Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (QKPZ) equation with negative non-linear\nterm shows a first order pinning-depinning (PD) transition as the driving force\n$F$ is varied. We study the substrate-tilt dependence of the dynamic transition\nproperties in 1+1 dimensions. At the PD transition, the pinned surfaces form a\nfacet with a characteristic slope $s_c$ as long as the substrate-tilt $m$ is\nless than $s_c$. When $m<s_c$, the transition is discontinuous and the critical\nvalue of the driving force $F_c(m)$ is independent of $m$, while the transition\nis continuous and $F_c(m)$ increases with $m$ when $m>s_c$. We explain these\nfeatures from a pinning mechanism involving a localized pinning center and the\nself-organized facet formation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The effect of driving on model C interfaces: We consider the effect of uniform driving on the interface between two phases\nwhich are described by model C dynamics. The non-driven system has a classical\nGaussian interface described by capillary wave theory. The model under driving\nretains Gaussian statistics but the interface statistics are modified by\ndriving, notably the height fluctuations are suppressed and the correlation\nlength of the fluctuations is increased. The model we introduce can also be\nused as a model for the effect of activity on interface dynamics.",
        "positive": "Fcc-bcc transition for Yukawa interactions determined by applied strain\n  deformation: Calculations of the work required to transform between bcc and fcc phases\nyield a high-precision bcc-fcc transition line for monodisperse point Yukawa\n(screened-Couloumb) systems. Our results agree qualitatively but not\nquantitatively with previously published simulations and phenomenological\ncriteria for the bcc-fcc transition. In particular, the bcc-fcc-fluid triple\npoint lies at a higher inverse screening length than previously reported."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium dynamics of the XX chain: The equilibrium dynamics of the spin-1/2 XX chain is re-examined within a\nrecently developed formalism based on the quantum transfer matrix and a thermal\nform factor expansion.\n  The transversal correlation function is evaluated in real time and space. The\nhigh-accuracy calculation reproduces several exact results in limiting cases as\nwell as the well-known asymptotic formulas obtained by the matrix\nRiemann-Hilbert approach.\n  Furthermore, comparisons to numerical data based on a direct evaluation of\nthe Pfaffian as well as to asymptotic formulas obtained within non-linear\nLuttinger liquid theory are presented.",
        "positive": "Open boundary conditions in stochastic transport processes with\n  pair-factorized steady states: Using numerical methods we discuss the effects of open boundary conditions on\ncondensation phenomena in the zero-range process (ZRP) and transport processes\nwith pair-factorized steady states (PFSS), an extended model of the ZRP with\nnearest-neighbor interaction. For the zero-range process we compare to\nanalytical results in the literature with respect to criticality and\ncondensation. For the extended model we find a similar phase structure, but\nobserve supercritical phases with droplet formation for strong boundary drives."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical networks emerging from link-node interactions: We study a model for a statistical network formed by interactions between its\nnodes and links. Each node can be in one of two states (Ising spin up or down)\nand the node-link interaction facilitates linking between the like nodes. For\nhigh temperatures the influence of the nodes on the links can be neglected, and\nwe get the Ising ferromagnet on the random (Erdos-Renyi) graph. For low\ntemperatures the nodes get spontaneously ordered. Due to this, the connectivity\nof the network enhances and links having a common node are correlated. The\nemerged network is clustered. The node-link interaction shifts the percolation\nthreshold of the random graph to much smaller values, and the very percolation\ntransition can become of the first order: the giant cluster coexist with the\nunconnected phase leading to bistability and hysteresis. The model can be\napplied to the striction phenomena in magnets and to studying opinion formation\nin the sociophysical context.",
        "positive": "Excitations and Possible Bound States in the S=1/2 Alternating Chain\n  Compound (VO)2P2O7: Magnetic excitations in an array of (VO)2P2O7 single crystals have been\nmeasured using inelastic neutron scattering. Until now, (VO)2P2O7 has been\nthought of as a two-leg antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin ladder with chains\nrunning in the a-direction. The present results show unequivocally that\n(VO)2P2O7 is best described as an alternating spin-chain directed along the\ncrystallographic b-direction. In addition to the expected magnon with magnetic\nzone-center energy gap DE = 3.1$ meV, a second excitation is observed at an\nenergy just below 2DE. The higher mode may be a triplet two-magnon bound state.\nNumerical results in support of bound modes are presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monopole ordered phases in dipolar and nearest-neighbours Ising\n  pyrochlore: from spin ice to the \"all-in--all-out\" antiferromagnet: We study Ising pyrochlores by means of Monte Carlo simulations. We cover a\nset of exchange constants ranging from the frustrated ferromagnetic case\n(spin-ice) to the fully-ordered \"all-in--all-out\" antiferromagnet in the\ndipolar model, reinterpreting the results --as in an ionic system-- in terms of\na temperature vs. magnetic charge density phase diagram. In spite of its spin\nnature and the presence of both double and single non-conserved magnetic\ncharges, the dipolar model gives place to a phase diagram which is quite\ncomparable with those previously obtained for on-lattice systems of electric\ncharges, and on spin ice models with conserved number of single magnetic\ncharges. The contrast between these systems, to which we add results from the\nnearest-neighbours model, put forward other features of our phase diagram\n--notably, a monopole fluid with charge order at high monopole densities that\npersists up to arbitrarily high temperatures-- that can only be explained\ntaking into account construction constraints forced by the underlying spin\ndegrees of freedom.",
        "positive": "Reverse quenching in a one-dimensional Kitaev model: We present an exact result for the non-adiabatic transition probability and\nhence the defect density in the final state of a one-dimensional Kitaev model\nfollowing a slow quench of the parameter $J_-$, which estimates the anisotropy\nbetween the interactions, as $J_-(t)\\sim -|t/\\tau|$. Here, time $t$ goes from\n$-\\infty$ to $+\\infty$ and $\\tau$ defines the rate of change of the\nHamiltonian. In other words, the spin chain initially prepared in its ground\nstate is driven by changing $J_-$ linearly in time up to the quantum critical\npoint, which in the model considered here occurs at at $t=0$, reversed and then\ngradually decreased to its initial value at the same rate. We have thoroughly\ncompared the reverse quenching with its counterpart forward quenching $i.e.,$\n$J_-\\sim t/\\tau$. Our exact calculation shows that the probability of\nexcitations is zero for the wave vector at which the instantaneous energy gap\nis zero at the critical point $J_{-}=0$ as opposed to the maximum value of\nunity in the forward quenching. It is also shown that the defect density in the\nfinal state following a reverse quenching, we propose here, is nearly half of\nthe defects generated in the forward quenching. We argue that the defects\nproduced when the system reaches the quantum critical point gets redistributed\nin the wave vector space at the final time in case of reverse quenching whereas\nit keeps on increasing till the final time in the forward quenching. We study\nthe entropy density and also the time evolution of the diagonal entropy density\nin the case of the reverse quenching and compare it with the forward case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum-degenerate mixture of fermionic lithium and bosonic rubidium\n  gases: We report on the observation of sympathetic cooling of a cloud of fermionic\n6-Li atoms which are thermally coupled to evaporatively cooled bosonic 87-Rb.\nUsing this technique we obtain a mixture of quantum-degenerate gases, where the\nRb cloud is colder than the critical temperature for Bose-Einstein condensation\nand the Li cloud colder than the Fermi temperature. From measurements of the\nthermalization velocity we estimate the interspecies s-wave triplet scattering\nlength |a_s|=20_{-6}^{+9} a_B. We found that the presence of residual rubidium\natoms in the |2,1> and the |1,-1> Zeeman substates gives rise to important\nlosses due to inelastic collisions.",
        "positive": "A Quantum Fluctuation Theorem: We consider a quantum system strongly driven by forces that are periodic in\ntime. The theorem concerns the probability $P(e)$ of observing a given energy\nchange $e$ after a number of cycles. If the system is thermostated by a\n(quantum) thermal bath, $e$ is the total amount of energy transferred to the\nbath, while for an isolated system\n  $e$ is the increase in energy of the system itself. Then, we show that\n$P(e)/P(-e)=e^{\\beta e}$, a parameter-free, model-independent relation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multichoice Minority Game: Dynamics and Global Cooperation: In the original two-choice minority game (MG), selfish players cooperate with\neach other even though direct communication is not allowed. Moreover, there is\na periodic dynamics in the MG whenever the strategy space size is much smaller\nthan the number of strategies at play. Do these phenomena persist if every\nplayer has $N_c > 2$ choices where all player's strategies are picked from a\nreduced strategy space? We answer this question by studying a multichoice\nminority game model known as MG($N_c$,$|{\\mathbb S}|$). Numerical simulation\nshows that these two models have very similar global cooperative behaviors.\nNevertheless, unlike in the MG, periodic dynamics does not always appear in the\nMG($N_c$,$|{\\mathbb S}|$) even when the strategy space size is much smaller\nthan the number of strategies at play.",
        "positive": "Heat transport and thermal rectification in quasi-one-dimensional\n  systems: In this work we investigate heat conduction along a ladder-model conformed by\ntwo coupled one dimensional lattices with different anharmonicity. We study how\nthe interchain coupling modifies the thermal properties of the isolated\nsystems. For a large enough coupling strength, we demonstrate that a harmonic\nlattice interacting with an anharmonic one is able to support a linear thermal\ngradient when it is connected to two heat reservoirs at different temperatures.\nWe estimate this critical coupling by applying the self-consistent phonon\ntheory (SCPT) to the anharmonic counterpart. By exchanging the heat baths\nconnections between the harmonic and the anharmonic chains, our results show\nthat the coupled system reveals as a thermal rectifier."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strong disorder renormalization group study of aperiodic quantum Ising\n  chains: We employ an adaptation of a strong-disorder renormalization-group technique\nin order to analyze the ferro-paramagnetic quantum phase transition of Ising\nchains with aperiodic but deterministic couplings under the action of a\ntransverse field. In the presence of marginal or relevant geometric\nfluctuations induced by aperiodicity, for which the critical behavior is\nexpected to depart from the Onsager universality class, we derive analytical\nand asymptotically exact expressions for various critical exponents (including\nthe correlation-length and the magnetization exponents, which are not easily\nobtainable by other methods), and shed light onto the nature of the ground\nstate structures in the neighborhood of the critical point. The main results\nobtained by this approach are confirmed by finite-size scaling analyses of\nnumerical calculations based on the free-fermion method.",
        "positive": "Incommensurate Single-Angle Spiral Orderings of Classical Heisenberg\n  Spins on Zigzag Ladder Lattices: Exact and rigorous solutions of the ground-state problem for the classical\nHeisenberg model with nearest-neighbor interactions on two- and\nthree-dimensional lattices composed of zigzag (triangular) ladders are obtained\nin a very simple way, with the use of a cluster method. It is shown how the\ngeometrical frustration due to the presence of triangles as structural units\nleads to the emergence of incommensurate spiral orderings and their collinear\nlimits. Interestingly, these orderings are determined by a single angle (along\nwith the signs of the interactions between neighboring spins); therefore, the\nterm \"single-angle spiral orderings\" is proposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic transition in deposition with a poisoning species: In deposition with a poisoning species, we show that the transition to a\nblocked or pinned phase may be viewed as an absorbing transition in the\ndirected percolation (DP) class. We consider a ballistic-like deposition model\nwith an active and an inactive species that represents its basic features and\nexhibits a transition from a growing phase to a blocked or pinned phase, with\nthe deposition rate as the order parameter. In the growing phase, the interface\nwidth shows a crossover from the critical W ~ t behavior to Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n(KPZ) scaling, which involves DP and KPZ exponents in the saturation regime. In\nthe pinned phase, the maximum heights and widths scale as H_s ~ W_s ~\n(p-p_c)^{nu_//}. The robustness of the DP class suggests investigations in real\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Microscopic heat from the energetics of stochastic phenomena: The energetics of the stochastic process has shown the balance of energy on\nthe mesoscopic level. The heat and the energy defined there are, however,\ngenerally different from their macroscopic counterpart. We show that this\ndiscrepancy can be removed by adding to these quantities the reversible heat\nassociated with the mesoscopic free energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissecting Quantum Phase Transition in the Transverse Ising Model: Irrespective of the fact that a complete theoretical description of critical\nphenomena in connection with phase transition has been well-established through\nthe renormalization group formalism, the understanding of the phase transition\nitself remains incomplete. For example, the questions like why and how the\nphase transition happens are still unclear. Here we provide a pattern picture\nto dissect the quantum phase transition occurring in the transverse Ising model\nfor a finite lattice. After the validity of the pattern formulation obtained is\nconfirmed, the energy contributions of different patterns to the ground state\nenergy provide a sufficient detail to show why and how the phase transition\ntakes place. Furthermore, a histogram of patterns' occupancy calculated by the\nprojections of ground state wavefunction on the patterns also shows the\ndetailed process of the phase transition. Our results are not only fundamental\nin understanding the mechanism of phase transition, but also of practical\ninterest in quantum simulation platforms.",
        "positive": "Symmetries and field tensor network states: We study the interplay between symmetry representations of the physical and\nvirtual space on the class of tensor network states for critical spins systems\nknown as field tensor network states (fTNS). These are by construction infinite\ndimensional tensor networks whose virtual space is described by a conformal\nfield theory (CFT). We can represent a symmetry on the physical index as a\ncommutator with the corresponding CFT current on the virtual space. By then\nstudying this virtual space representation we can learn about the critical\nsymmetry protected topological properties of the state, akin to the\nclassification of symmetry protected topological order for matrix product\nstates. We use this to analytically derive the critical symmetry protected\ntopological properties of the two ground states of the Majumdar-Ghosh point\nwith respect to the previously defined symmetries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymmetric Diamond Ising--Hubbard Chain with Attraction: The ground state and thermodynamic properties of an asymmetric diamond\nIsing--Hubbard chain with the on-site electron-electron attraction has been\nconsidered. The problem can be solved exactly using the decoration-iteration\ntransformation. In the case of the antiferromagnetic Ising interaction, the\ninfluence of this attraction on the ground state and the temperature\ndependences of the magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat\nhas been studied.",
        "positive": "Behavior of collective variables in complex nonlinear stochastic models\n  of finite size: We consider the behavior of a collective variable in a complex system formed\nby a finite number of interacting subunits. Each of them is characterized by a\ndegree of freedom with an intrinsic nonlinear bistable stochastic dynamics. The\nlack of ergodicity of the collective variable requires the consideration of a\nfeedback mechanism of the collective behavior on the individual dynamics. We\nexplore numerically this issue within the context of two simple finite models\nwith a feedback mechanism of the Weiss mean-field type: a global coupling model\nand another one with nearest neighbors coupling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-structure thermodynamics for the TIP4P/2005 model of water covering\n  supercooled and deeply stretched regions: One of the most promising frameworks for understanding the anomalies of cold\nand supercooled water postulates the existence of two competing,\ninterconvertible local structures. If the non-ideality in the Gibbs energy of\nmixing overcomes the ideal entropy of mixing of these two structures, a\nliquid-liquid phase transition, terminated at a liquid-liquid critical point,\nis predicted. Various versions of the \"two-structure equation of state\" (TSEOS)\nbased on this concept have shown remarkable agreement with both experimental\ndata for metastable, deeply supercooled water and simulations of molecular\nwater models. However, existing TSEOSs were not designed to describe the\nnegative pressure region and do not account for the stability limit of the\nliquid state with respect to the vapor. While experimental data on supercooled\nwater at negative pressures may shed additional light on the source of the\nanomalies of water, such data are very limited. To fill this gap, we have\nanalyzed simulation results for TIP4P/2005, one of the most accurate classical\nwater models available. We have used recently published simulation data, and\nperformed additional simulations, over a broad range of positive and negative\npressures, from ambient temperature to deeply supercooled conditions. We show\nthat, by explicitly incorporating the liquid-vapor spinodal into a TSEOS, we\nare able to match the simulation data for TIP4P/2005 with remarkable accuracy.\nIn particular, this equation of state quantitatively reproduces the lines of\nextrema in density, isothermal compressibility, and isobaric heat capacity.\nContrary to an explanation of the thermodynamic anomalies of water based on a\n\"retracing spinodal\", the liquid-vapor spinodal in the present TSEOS continues\nmonotonically to lower pressures upon cooling, influencing but not giving rise\nto density extrema and other thermodynamic anomalies.",
        "positive": "Shannon Meets Carnot: Generalized Second Thermodynamic Law: The classical thermodynamic laws fail to capture the behavior of systems with\nenergy Hamiltonian which is an explicit function of the temperature. Such\nHamiltonian arises, for example, in modeling information processing systems,\nlike communication channels, as thermal systems. Here we generalize the second\nthermodynamic law to encompass systems with temperature-dependent energy\nlevels, $dQ=TdS+<d\\mathcal{E}/dT>dT$, where $<\\cdot>$ denotes averaging over\nthe Boltzmann distribution and reveal a new definition to the basic notion of\ntemperature. This generalization enables to express, for instance, the mutual\ninformation of the Gaussian channel as a consequence of the fundamental laws of\nnature - the laws of thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Statistical Mechanical Approach for the Parametrization of the\n  Coupling in a Fast-Slow System: Constructing accurate, flexible, and efficient parametrizations is one of the\ngreat challenges in the numerical modelling of geophysical fluids. We consider\nhere the simple yet paradigmatic case of a Lorenz 84 model forced by a Lorenz\n63 model and derive a parametrization using a recently developed statistical\nmechanical methodology based on the Ruelle response theory. We derive an\nexpression for the deterministic and the stochastic component of the\nparametrization and we show that the approach allows for dealing seamlessly\nwith the case of the Lorenz 63 being a fast as well as a slow forcing compared\nto the characteristic time scales of the Lorenz 84 model. We test our results\nusing both standard metrics based on the moments of the variables of interest\nas well as Wasserstein distance between the projected measure of the original\nsystem on the Lorenz 84 model variables and the measure of the parametrized\none. By testing our methods on reduced phase spaces obtained by projection, we\nfind support to the idea that comparisons based on the Wasserstein distance\nmight be of relevance in many applications despite the curse of dimensionality.",
        "positive": "Irreversibble Bimolecular Reactions of Langevin Particles: The reaction A+B --> B is studied when the reactants diffuse in phase space,\ni.e. their dynamics is described by the Langevin equation. The steady-state\nrate constants are calculated for both the target (static A and mobile B's) and\ntrapping (mobile A and static B's) problems when the reaction is assumed to\noccur at the first contact. For Brownian dynamics (i.e., ordinary diffusion),\nthe rate constant for both problems is a monotonically decreasing function of\nthe friction coefficient $\\gamma$. For Langevin dynamics, however, we find that\nthe steady-state rate constant exhibits a turnover behavior as a function of\n$\\gamma$ for the trapping problem but not for the target problem. This turnover\nis different from the familiar Kramers' turnover of the rate constant for\nescape from a deep potential well because the reaction considered here is an\nactivationless process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous impact in reaction-diffusion models: We generalize the reaction-diffusion model A + B -> 0 in order to study the\nimpact of an excess of A (or B) at the reaction front. We provide an exact\nsolution of the model, which shows that linear response breaks down: the\naverage displacement of the reaction front grows as the square-root of the\nimbalance. We argue that this model provides a highly simplified but generic\nframework to understand the square-root impact of large orders in financial\nmarkets.",
        "positive": "New phase transition in random planar diagrams and RNA-type matching: We study the planar matching problem, defined by a symmetric random matrix\nwith independent identically distributed entries, taking values 0 and 1. We\nshow that the existence of a perfect planar matching structure is possible only\nabove a certain critical density, $p_{c}$, of allowed contacts (i.e. of '1').\nUsing a formulation of the problem in terms of Dyck paths and a matrix model of\nplanar contact structures, we provide an analytical estimation for the value of\nthe transition point, $p_{c}$, in the thermodynamic limit. This estimation is\nclose to the critical value, $p_{c} \\approx 0.379$, obtained in numerical\nsimulations based on an exact dynamical programming algorithm. We characterize\nthe corresponding critical behavior of the model and discuss the relation of\nthe perfect-imperfect matching transition to the known molten-glass transition\nin the context of random RNA secondary structure's formation. In particular, we\nprovide strong evidence supporting the conjecture that the molten-glass\ntransition at T=0 occurs at $p_{c}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The disordered Backgammon model: In this paper we consider an exactly solvable model which displays glassy\nbehavior at zero temperature due to entropic barriers. The new ingredient of\nthe model is the existence of different energy scales or modes associated to\ndifferent relaxational time-scales. Low-temperature relaxation takes place by\npartial equilibration of successive lower energy modes. An adiabatic scaling\nsolution, defined in terms of a threshold energy scale $\\eps^*$, is proposed.\nFor such a solution, modes with energy $\\eps\\gg\\eps^*$ are equilibrated at the\nbath temperature, modes with $\\eps\\ll\\eps^*$ remain out of equilibrium and\nrelaxation occurs in the neighborhood of the threshold $\\eps\\sim \\eps^*$. The\nmodel is presented as a toy example to investigate conditions related to the\nexistence of an effective temperature in glassy systems and its possible\ndependence on the energy sector probed by the corresponding observable.",
        "positive": "Phase ordering and roughening on growing films: We study the interplay between surface roughening and phase separation during\nthe growth of binary films. Already in 1+1 dimension, we find a variety of\ndifferent scaling behaviors depending on how the two phenomena are coupled. In\nthe most interesting case, related to the advection of a passive scalar in a\nvelocity field, nontrivial scaling exponents are obtained in simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Number statistics for $\u03b2$-ensembles of random matrices: applications\n  to trapped fermions at zero temperature: Let $\\mathcal{P}_{\\beta}^{(V)} (N_{\\cal I})$ be the probability that a\n$N\\times N$ $\\beta$-ensemble of random matrices with confining potential $V(x)$\nhas $N_{\\cal I}$ eigenvalues inside an interval ${\\cal I}=[a,b]$ of the real\nline. We introduce a general formalism, based on the Coulomb gas technique and\nthe resolvent method, to compute analytically $\\mathcal{P}_{\\beta}^{(V)}\n(N_{\\cal I})$ for large $N$. We show that this probability scales for large $N$\nas $\\mathcal{P}_{\\beta}^{(V)} (N_{\\cal I})\\approx \\exp\\left(-\\beta N^2\n\\psi^{(V)}(N_{\\cal I} /N)\\right)$, where $\\beta$ is the Dyson index of the\nensemble. The rate function $\\psi^{(V)}(k_{\\cal I})$, independent of $\\beta$,\nis computed in terms of single integrals that can be easily evaluated\nnumerically. The general formalism is then applied to the classical\n$\\beta$-Gaussian (${\\cal I}=[-L,L]$), $\\beta$-Wishart (${\\cal I}=[1,L]$) and\n$\\beta$-Cauchy (${\\cal I}=[-L,L]$) ensembles. Expanding the rate function\naround its minimum, we find that generically the number variance ${\\rm\nVar}(N_{\\cal I})$ exhibits a non-monotonic behavior as a function of the size\nof the interval, with a maximum that can be precisely characterized. These\nanalytical results, corroborated by numerical simulations, provide the full\ncounting statistics of many systems where random matrix models apply. In\nparticular, we present results for the full counting statistics of zero\ntemperature one-dimensional spinless fermions in a harmonic trap.",
        "positive": "Exact Solution for Vortex Dynamics in Temperature Quenches of\n  Two-Dimensional Superfluids: An exact analytic solution for the dynamics of vortex pairs is obtained for\nrapid temperature quenches of a superfluid film starting from the line of\ncritical points below the critical temperature $T_{KT}$. An approximate\nsolution for quenches at and above above $T_{KT}$ provides insights into the\norigin of logarithmic transients in the vortex decay, and are in general\nagreement with recent simulations of the quenched XY model. These results\nconfirm that there is no \"creation\" of vortices whose density increases with\nthe quench rate as predicted by the Kibble-Zurek theory, but only monotonic\ndecay of the thermal vortices already present at the initial temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An integration scheme for reaction-diffusion models: A detailed description and validation of a recently developed integration\nscheme is here reported for one- and two-dimensional reaction-diffusion models.\nAs paradigmatic examples of this class of partial differential equations the\ncomplex Ginzburg-Landau and the Fitzhugh-Nagumo equations have been analyzed.\nThe novel algorithm has precision and stability comparable to those of\npseudo-spectral codes, but it is more convenient to employ for systems with\nquite large linear extention $L$. As for finite-difference methods, the\nimplementation of the present scheme requires only information about the local\nenviroment and this allows to treat also system with very complicated boundary\nconditions.",
        "positive": "Dispersion in two dimensional channels - the Fick-Jacobs approximation\n  revisited: We examine the dispersion of Brownian particles in a symmetric two\ndimensional channel, this classical problem has been widely studied in the\nliterature using the so called Fick-Jacobs' approximation and its various\nimprovements. Most studies rely on the reduction to an effective one\ndimensional diffusion equation, here we drive an explicit formula for the\ndiffusion constant which avoids this reduction. Using this formula the\neffective diffusion constant can be evaluated numerically without resorting to\nBrownian simulations. In addition a perturbation theory can be developed in\n$\\varepsilon = h_0/L$ where $h_0$ is the characteristic channel height and $L$\nthe period. This perturbation theory confirms the results of Kalinay and Percus\n(Phys. Rev. E 74, 041203 (2006)), based on the reduction, to one dimensional\ndiffusion are exact at least to ${\\cal O}(\\varepsilon^6)$. Furthermore, we show\nhow the Kalinay and Percus pseudo-linear approximation can be straightforwardly\nrecovered. The approach proposed here can also be exploited to yield exact\nresults an appropriate limit $\\varepsilon \\to \\infty$, we show that here the\ndiffusion constant remains finite and show how the result can be obtained with\na simple physical argument. Moreover we show that the correction to the\neffective diffusion constant is of order $1/\\varepsilon$ and remarkably has a\nsome universal characteristics. Numerically we compare the analytical results\nobtained with exact numerical calculations for a number of interesting channel\ngeometries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface-atom force out of thermal equilibrium and its effect on\n  ultra-cold atoms: The surface-atom Casimir-Polder-Lifshitz force out of thermal equilibrium is\ninvestigated in the framework of macroscopic electrodynamics. Particular\nattention is devoted to its large distance limit that shows a new, stronger\nbehaviour with respect to the equilibrium case. The frequency shift produced by\nthe surface-atom force on the the center-of-mass oscillations of a harmonically\ntrapped Bose-Einstein condensate and on the Bloch oscillations of an ultra-cold\nfermionic gas in an optical lattice are discussed for configurations out of\nthermal equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Control of Decoherence in different environments : A case study for\n  dissipative magneto-oscillator: In this paper, we analyze two different techniques based on reservoir\nengineering method and quantum Zeno effect for controlling decoherence of a\ndissipative charged oscillator in the presence of an external magnetic field.\nOur main focus is to investigate the sensitiveness of these decoherence control\ntechniques on the details of different environmental spectrum ($J(\\omega)$),\nand on the crucial role played by different system and reservoir parameters,\ne.g., external magnetic field ($r_c$), confinement length ($r_0$), temperature\n(T), cut-off frequency of reservoir spectrum ($\\omega_{cut}$), and measurement\ninterval ($\\tau$). First, we consider the charged quantum oscillator in an\ninitial nonclassical Schr\u007fodinger cat state and analyze the non-Markovian\ndynamics for the magneto-oscillator in contact with Ohmic, sub-Ohmic, and\nsuper-Ohmic environments. We show the procedure to control the quantumness of\nthe Schr\u007fodinger cat state by tuning the parameters $r_c$, $r_0$, and\n$J(\\omega)$. On the other hand, we investigate the effect of nonselective\nenergy measurement process on the mortification of quantumness of an initial\nFock-Darwin state of the charged magneto-oscillator. We investigate in details\nthe strategy to manipulate the continuous passage from decay suppression to\ndecay acceleration by engineered reservoirs and by tuning the system or\nreservoir parameters, e.g., $r_c$, $r_0$, T or $\\tau$. As a result of that one\ncan control environment induced decoherence (EID)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The connection between Jackson and Hausdorff derivatives in the context\n  of generalized statistical mechanics: In literature one can find many generalizations of the usual Leibniz\nderivative, such as Jackson derivative, Tsallis derivative and Hausdorff\nderivative. In this article we present a connection between Jackson derivative\nand recently proposed Hausdorff derivative. On one hand, the Hausdorff\nderivative has been previously associated with non-extensivity in systems\npresenting fractal aspects. On the other hand, the Jackson derivative has a\nsolid mathematical basis because it is the $\\overline{q}$-analog of the\nordinary derivative and it also arises in quantum calculus. From a quantum\ndeformed $\\overline{q}$-algebra we obtain the Jackson derivative and then\naddress the problem of $N$ non-interacting quantum oscillators. We perform an\nexpansion in the quantum grand partition function from which we obtain a\nrelationship between the parameter $\\overline{q}$, related to Jackson\nderivative, and the parameters $\\zeta$ and $q$ related to Hausdorff derivative\nand Tsallis derivative, respectively.",
        "positive": "Application of thermodynamics to driven systems: Application of thermodynamics to driven systems is discussed. As particular\nexamples, simple traffic flow models are considered. On a microscopic level,\ntraffic flow is described by Bando's optimal velocity model in terms of\naccelerating and decelerating forces. It allows to introduce kinetic,\npotential, as well as total energy, which is the internal energy of the car\nsystem in view of thermodynamics. The latter is not conserved, although it has\ncertain value in any of two possible stationary states corresponding either to\nfixed point or to limit cycle in the space of headways and velocities. On a\nmesoscopic level of description, the size n of car cluster is considered as a\nstochastic variable in master equation. Here n=0 corresponds to the fixed-point\nsolution of the microscopic model, whereas the limit cycle is represented by\ncoexistence of a car cluster with n>0 and free flow phase. The detailed balance\nholds in a stationary state just like in equilibrium liquid-gas system. It\nallows to define free energy of the car system and chemical potentials of the\ncoexisting phases, as well as a relaxation to a local or global free energy\nminimum. In this sense the behaviour of traffic flow can be described by\nequilibrium thermodynamics. We find, however, that the chemical potential of\nthe cluster phase of traffic flow depends on an outer parameter - the density\nof cars in the free-flow phase. It allows to distinguish between the traffic\nflow as a driven system and purely equilibrium systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite H2 concentrations in superfluid 4He: We have studied the solubility of molecular hydrogen in bulk liquid $^4$He at\nzero temperature using the diffusion Monte Carlo method and realistic\ninteratomic potentials between the different species of the mixture. Around the\n$^4$He equilibrium density, the H_2 molecules clusterize in liquid-like drops\nblocking the existence of a uniform dilution. On the contrary, at higher\ndensities the cluster formation is less feasible and metastable dilute\nsolutions may exist.",
        "positive": "String Method for Generalized Gradient Flows: Computation of Rare Events\n  in Reversible Stochastic Processes: Rare transitions in stochastic processes can often be rigorously described\nvia an underlying large deviation principle. Recent breakthroughs in the\nclassification of reversible stochastic processes as gradient flows have led to\na connection of large deviation principles to a generalized gradient structure.\nHere, we show that, as a consequence, metastable transitions in these\nreversible processes can be interpreted as heteroclinic orbits of the\ngeneralized gradient flow. This in turn suggests a numerical algorithm to\ncompute the transition trajectories in configuration space efficiently, based\non the string method traditionally restricted only to gradient diffusions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality in the tripartite information after global quenches: We consider macroscopically large 3-partitions $(A,B,C)$ of connected\nsubsystems $A\\cup B \\cup C$ in infinite quantum spin chains and study the\nR\\'enyi-$\\alpha$ tripartite information $I_3^{(\\alpha)}(A,B,C)$. At equilibrium\nin clean 1D systems with local Hamiltonians it generally vanishes. A notable\nexception is the ground state of conformal critical systems, in which\n$I_3^{(\\alpha)}(A,B,C)$ is known to be a universal function of the cross ratio\n$x=|A||C|/[(|A|+|B|)(|C|+|B|)]$, where $|A|$ denotes $A$'s length. We identify\ndifferent classes of states that, under time evolution with translationally\ninvariant Hamiltonians, locally relax to states with a nonzero (R\\'enyi)\ntripartite information, which furthermore exhibits a universal dependency on\n$x$. We report a numerical study of $I_3^{(\\alpha)}$ in systems that are dual\nto free fermions, propose a field-theory description, and work out their\nasymptotic behaviour for $\\alpha=2$ in general and for generic $\\alpha$ in a\nsubclass of systems. This allows us to infer the value of $I_3^{(\\alpha)}$ in\nthe scaling limit $x\\rightarrow 1^-$, which we call ``residual tripartite\ninformation''. If nonzero, our analysis points to a universal residual value\n$-\\log 2$ independently of the R\\'enyi index $\\alpha$, and hence applies also\nto the genuine (von Neumann) tripartite information.",
        "positive": "A Micrometer-sized Heat Engine Operating Between Bacterial Reservoirs: Artificial micro heat engines are prototypical models to explore and\nelucidate the mechanisms of energy transduction in a regime that is dominated\nby fluctuations [1-2]. Micro heat engines realized hitherto mimicked their\nmacroscopic counterparts and operated between reservoirs that were effectively\nthermal [3-7]. For such reservoirs, temperature is a well-defined state\nvariable and stochastic thermodynamics provides a precise framework for\nquantifying engine performance [8-9]. It remains unclear whether these concepts\nreadily carry over to situations where the reservoirs are out-of-equilibrium\n[10], a scenario of particular importance to the functioning of synthetic\n[11-12] and biological [13] micro engines and motors. Here we experimentally\nrealized a micrometer-sized active Stirling engine by periodically cycling a\ncolloidal particle in a time-varying harmonic optical potential across\nbacterial baths at different activities. Unlike in equilibrium thermal\nreservoirs, the displacement statistics of the trapped particle becomes\nincreasingly non-Gaussian with activity. We show that as much as $\\approx$ 85\\%\nof the total power output and $\\approx$ 50\\% of the overall efficiency stems\nfrom large non-Gaussian particle displacements alone. Most remarkably, at the\nhighest activities investigated, the efficiency of our quasi-static active heat\nengines surpasses the equilibrium saturation limit of Stirling efficiency - the\nmaximum efficiency of a Stirling engine with the ratio of cold and hot\nreservoir temperatures ${T_C\\over T_H} \\to 0$. Crucially, the failure of\neffective temperature descriptions [14-16] for active reservoirs highlights the\ndire need for theories that can better capture the physics of micro motors and\nheat engines that operate in strongly non-thermal environments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exactly solvable model of the 2D electrical double layer: We consider equilibrium statistical mechanics of a simplified model for the\nideal conductor electrode in an interface contact with a classical\nsemi-infinite electrolyte, modeled by the two-dimensional Coulomb gas of\npointlike $\\pm$ unit charges in the stability-against-collapse regime of\nreduced inverse temperatures $0\\le \\beta<2$. If there is a potential difference\nbetween the bulk interior of the electrolyte and the grounded interface, the\nelectrolyte region close to the interface (known as the electrical double\nlayer) carries some nonzero surface charge density. The model is mappable onto\nan integrable semi-infinite sine-Gordon theory with Dirichlet boundary\nconditions. The exact form-factor and boundary state information gained from\nthe mapping provide asymptotic forms of the charge and number density profiles\nof electrolyte particles at large distances from the interface. The result for\nthe asymptotic behavior of the induced electric potential, related to the\ncharge density via the Poisson equation, confirms the validity of the concept\nof renormalized charge and the corresponding saturation hypothesis. It is\ndocumented on the non-perturbative result for the asymptotic density profile at\na strictly nonzero $\\beta$ that the Debye-H\\\"uckel $\\beta\\to 0$ limit is a\ndelicate issue.",
        "positive": "Ising Spins on Randomly Multi-Branched Husimi Square Lattice:\n  Thermodynamics and Phase Transition in Cross-dimensional Range: An inhomogeneous random recursive lattice was constructed from the\nmulti-branched Husimi square lattice. The number of repeating units connected\non one vertex was randomly set to be 2 or 3 with a quenched ratio $P_2$ or\n$P_3$ with $P_2+P_3=1$. The model was designed to describe complex\nthermodynamic systems with variable coordinating neighbors, e.g. the\ncross-dimensional range around the surface of a bulk materials. Classical\nferromagnetic spin-1 Ising model was solved on the lattice to achieve an\nannealed solution via the local exact calculation technique. The model exhibits\ndistinct spontaneous magnetization similar to the deterministic system, with\nhowever rigorous thermal fluctuations and significant singularities on the\nentropy behavior around the critical temperature, indicating a complex\nsuperheating and supercooling frustration in the cross-dimensional range\ninduced by the stochasticity. The critical temperature was found to be\nexponentially correlated to the structural ratio $P$ with the coefficient\nfitted as 0.53187, while the ground state energy presents linear relation to\n$P$, implying a well-defined average property according to the structural\nratio."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-dual criticality in three-dimensional $\\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory\n  with matter: The simplest topologically ordered phase in 2+1D is the deconfined phase of\n$Z_2$ gauge theory, realized for example in the toric code. This phase permits\na duality that exchanges electric and magnetic excitations (``$e$'' and ``$m$''\nparticles). Condensing either particle while the other remains gapped yields a\nphase transition with 3D Ising exponents. More mysterious, however, is the\ntransition out of the deconfined phase when self-duality symmetry is preserved.\nIf this transition is continuous, which has so far been unclear, then it may be\nthe simplest critical point for which we still lack any useful continuum\nLagrangian description. This transition also has a soft matter interpretation,\nas a multicritical point for classical membranes in 3D.\n  We study the self-dual transition with Monte Carlo simulations of the $Z_2$\ngauge-Higgs model on cubic lattices of linear size $L\\leq 96$. Our results\nindicate a continuous transition: for example, cumulants show a striking\nparameter-free scaling collapse. We estimate scaling dimensions by using\nduality symmetry to distinguish the leading duality-odd/duality-even scaling\noperators $A$ and $S$. All local operators have large scaling dimensions,\nmaking standard techniques for locating the critical point ineffective. We\ndevelop an alternative using ``renormalization group trajectories'' of\ncumulants. We check that two- and three-point functions, and temporal\ncorrelators in the Monte-Carlo dynamics, are scale-invariant, with scaling\ndimensions $x_A$ and $x_S$ and dynamical exponent $z$.\n  We also give a picture for emergence of 1-form symmetries, in some parts of\nthe phase diagram, in terms of ``patching'' of membranes/worldsurfaces. We\nrelate this to the percolation of anyon worldlines in spacetime. Analyzing\npercolation yields a fourth exponent for the self-dual transition. We propose\nvariations of the model for further investigation.",
        "positive": "Quantifying non-Markovianity for a chromophore-qubit pair in a\n  super-Ohmic bath: An approach based on a non-Markovian time-convolutionless polaron master\nequation is used to probe the quantum dynamics of a chromophore-qubit in a\nsuper-Ohmic bath. Utilizing a measure of non-Markovianity based on dynamical\nfixed points, we study the effects of the environment temperature and the\ncoupling strength on the non-Markovian behavior of the chromophore in a\nsuper-Ohmic bath. It is found that an increase in the temperature results in a\nreduction in the backflow information from the environment to the chromophore,\nand therefore, a suppression of non-Markovianity. In the weak coupling regime,\nincreasing coupling strength will enhance the non- Markovianity, while the\neffect is reversed in the strong coupling regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A stochastic variant of the abelian sandpile model: We introduce a natural stochastic extension, called SSP, of the abelian\nsandpile model(ASM), which shares many mathematical properties with ASM, yet\nradically differs in its physical behavior, for example in terms of the shape\nof the steady state and of the avalanche size distribution. We establish a\nbasic theory of SSP analogous to that of ASM, and present a brief numerical\nstudy of its behavior. Our original motivation for studying SSP stems from its\nconnection to the LLL algorithm established in another work by the authors [5].\nThe importance of understanding how LLL works cannot be stressed more,\nespecially from the point of view of lattice-based cryptography. We believe SSP\nserves as a tractable toy model of LLL that would help further our\nunderstanding of it.",
        "positive": "BKT-paired phase in coupled XY models: We study the effect of a linear tunneling coupling between 2D systems, each\nseparately exhibiting the topological Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT)\ntransition. In the uncoupled limit, there are two phases: one where the 1-body\ncorrelation functions are algebraically decaying and the other with exponential\ndecay. When the linear coupling is turned on, a third BKT-paired phase emerges,\nin which 1-body correlations are exponentially decaying, while 2-body\ncorrelation functions exhibit power-law decay. We perform numerical simulations\nin the paradigmatic case of two coupled XY models at finite temperature,\nfinding that for any finite value of the interlayer coupling, the BKT-paired\nphase is present. We provide a picture of the phase diagram using a\nrenormalization group approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling and localization in multipole-conserving diffusion: We study diffusion in systems of classical particles whose dynamics conserves\nthe total center of mass. This conservation law leads to several interesting\nconsequences. In finite systems, it allows for equilibrium distributions that\nare exponentially localized near system boundaries. It also yields an unusual\napproach to equilibrium, which in $d$ dimensions exhibits scaling with\ndynamical exponent $z = 4+d$. Similar phenomena occur for dynamics that\nconserves higher moments of the density, which we systematically classify using\na family of nonlinear diffusion equations. In the quantum setting, analogous\nfermionic systems are shown to form real-space Fermi surfaces, while bosonic\nversions display a real-space analog of Bose-Einstein condensation.",
        "positive": "Dynamical stability criterion for inhomogeneous quasi-stationary states\n  in long-range systems: We derive a necessary and sufficient condition of linear dynamical stability\nfor inhomogeneous Vlasov stationary states of the Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF)\nmodel. The condition is expressed by an explicit disequality that has to be\nsatisfied by the stationary state, and it generalizes the known disequality for\nhomogeneous stationary states. In addition, we derive analogous disequalities\nthat express necessary and sufficient conditions of formal stability for the\nstationary states. Their usefulness, from the point of view of linear dynamical\nstability, is that they are simpler, although they provide only sufficient\ncriteria of linear stability. We show that for homogeneous stationary states\nthe relations become equal, and therefore linear dynamical stability and formal\nstability become equivalent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nucleation for one-dimensional long-range Ising models: In this note we study metastability phenomena for a class of long-range Ising\nmodels in one-dimension. We prove that, under suitable general conditions, the\nconfiguration -1 is the only metastable state and we estimate the mean exit\ntime. Moreover, we illustrate the theory with two examples (exponentially and\npolynomially decaying interaction) and we show that the critical droplet can be\nmacroscopic or mesoscopic, according to the value of the external magnetic\nfield.",
        "positive": "Bifurcation at the c=3/2 Takhtajan-Babujian point to the c=1 critical\n  lines: We study the S=1 quantum spin chains with bilinear, biquadratic, plus bond\nalternation in the vicinity of the S=1 Takhtajan-Babujian model. Transition\nline between the Haldane and the dimer phases are determined numerically. To\nsee the crossover behavior from c=3/2 (k=2 SU(2) WZW model) at the\nTakhtajan-Babujian point to c=1 (k=1 SU(2) WZW model), we calculate the\nconformal anomaly c and scaling dimensions of the primary fields on the\ntransition line."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean-field critical behaviour and ergodicity break in a nonequilibrium\n  one-dimensional RSOS growth model: We investigate the nonequilibrium roughening transition of a one-dimensional\nrestricted solid-on-solid model by directly sampling the stationary probability\ndensity of a suitable order parameter as the surface adsorption rate varies.\nThe shapes of the probability density histograms suggest a typical\nGinzburg-Landau scenario for the phase transition of the model, and estimates\nof the \"magnetic\" exponent seem to confirm its mean-field critical behaviour.\nWe also found that the flipping times between the metastable phases of the\nmodel scale exponentially with the system size, signaling the breaking of\nergodicity in the thermodynamic limit. Incidentally, we discovered that a\nclosely related model not considered before also displays a phase transition\nwith the same critical behaviour as the original model. Our results support the\nusefulness of off-critical histogram techniques in the investigation of\nnonequilibrium phase transitions. We also briefly discuss in an appendix a good\nand simple pseudo-random number generator used in our simulations.",
        "positive": "Fluctuations of rotational and translational degrees of freedom in an\n  interacting active dumbbell system: We study the dynamical properties of a two-dimensional ensemble of\nself-propelled dumbbells with only repulsive interactions. After summarizing\nthe behavior of the translational and rotational mean-square displacements in\nthe homogeneous phase that we established in a previous study, we analyze their\nfluctuations. We study the dependence of the probability distribution functions\nin terms of the P\\'eclet number, describing the relative role of active forces\nand thermal fluctuations, and of particle density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An Overview of Emergent Order in Far-from-equilibrium Driven Systems:\n  From Kuramoto Oscillators to Rayleigh-B\u00e9nard Convection: Soft-matter systems when driven out-of-equilibrium often give rise to\nstructures that usually lie in-between the macroscopic scale of the material\nand microscopic scale of its constituents. In this paper we review three such\nsystems, the two-dimensional square-lattice Ising model, the Kuramoto model and\nthe Rayleigh-B\\'enard convection system which when driven out-of-equilibrium\ngive rise to emergent spatio-temporal order through self-organization. A common\nfeature of these systems is that the entities that self-organize are coupled to\none another in some way, either through local interactions or through a\ncontinuous media. Therefore, the general nature of non-equilibrium fluctuations\nof the intrinsic variables in these systems are found to follow similar trends\nas order emerges. Through this paper, we attempt to find connections between\nthese systems, and systems in general which give rise to emergent order when\ndriven out-of-equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Correlations Between Reconstructed EUR Exchange Rates vs. CHF, DKK, GBP,\n  JPY and USD: On Jan. 1, 1999 the European Union introduced a common currency Euro ($EUR$),\nto become the legal currency in all eleven countries which form the $EUR$. In\norder to test the $EUR$ behavior and understand various features, the $EUR$\nexchange rate is artificially extrapolated back to 1993 by a linear\nsuperposition of the exchange rates of the 11 currencies composing $EUR$ with\nrespect to several currencies not belonging to the $EUR$, i.e. Swiss Franc\n($CHF$), Danish Kroner ($DKK$), British Pound ($GBP$), Japanese Yen ($JPY$) and\nU.S. Dollar ($USD$) of interest for reasons given in the text. The distribution\nof fluctuations of the exchange rates is shown to be Gaussian for the central\npart of the distribution, and having fat tails for the large size fluctuations.\nWithin the {\\it Detrended Fluctuation Analysis} ($DFA$) statistical method we\nhave obtained the power law behavior describing the root-mean-square deviation\nof the exchange rate fluctuations as a function of time. For the period between\nJan. 1995 and Jan. 1999 we have compared the time-dependent exponent of these\nexchange rate fluctuations for $EUR$ and that of the 11 currencies which form\nthe $EUR$. The German Mark ($DEM$) and the French Franc ($FRF$) have been the\ncurrencies primarily leading the fluctuations of the exchange rates, while\nItalian Lira ($ITL$) and ($PTE$) Portuguese Escudo are the less relevant\ncurrencies from this point of view. Technical considerations for the $EUR$\nimplementation are given as conclusions. The cases of exchange rates with $DKK$\nappear quite different from the other four major currencies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lengthscale dependence of dynamic four-point susceptibilities in glass\n  formers: Dynamical four-point susceptibilities measure the extent of spatial\ncorrelations in the dynamics of glass forming systems. We show how these\nsusceptibilities depend on the length scales that necessarily form part of\ntheir definition. The behaviour of these susceptibilities is estimated by means\nof an analysis in terms of renewal processes within the context of dynamic\nfacilitation. The analytic results are confirmed by numerical simulations of an\natomistic model glass-former, and of two kinetically constrained models. Hence\nwe argue that the scenario predicted by the dynamic facilitation approach is\ngeneric.",
        "positive": "Correlation and Relaxation Times for a Stochastic Process with a\n  Fat-Tailed Steady-State Distribution: We study a stochastic process defined by the interaction strength for the\nreturn to the mean and a stochastic term proportional to the magnitude of the\nvariable. Its steady-state distribution is the Inverse Gamma distribution,\nwhose power-law tail exponent is determined by the ratio of the interaction\nstrength to stochasticity. Its time-dependence is characterized by a set of\ndiscrete times describing relaxation of respective cumulants to their\nsteady-state values. We show that as the progressively lower cumulants diverge\nwith the increase of stochasticity, so do their relaxation times. We\nanalytically evaluate the correlation function and show that it is determined\nby the longest of these times, namely the inverse interaction strength, which\nis also the relaxation time of the mean. We also investigate relaxation of the\nentire distribution to the steady state and the distribution of relaxations\ntimes, which we argue to be Inverse Gaussian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo evaluation of FADE approach to anomalous kinetics: In this paper we propose a comparison between the CTRW (Monte Carlo) and\nFractional Derivative approaches to the modelling of anomalous diffusion\nphenomena in the presence of an advection field. Galilei variant and invariant\nschemes are revised.",
        "positive": "Exact probability function for bulk density and current in the\n  asymmetric exclusion process: We examine the asymmetric simple exclusion process with open boundaries, a\nparadigm of driven diffusive systems, having a nonequilibrium steady state\ntransition. We provide a full derivation and expanded discussion and digression\non results previously reported briefly in M. Depken and R. Stinchcombe, Phys.\nRev. Lett. {\\bf 93}, 040602, (2004). In particular we derive an exact form for\nthe joint probability function for the bulk density and current, both for\nfinite systems, and also in the thermodynamic limit. The resulting distribution\nis non-Gaussian, and while the fluctuations in the current are continuous at\nthe continuous phase transitions, the density fluctuations are discontinuous.\nThe derivations are done by using the standard operator algebraic techniques,\nand by introducing a modified version of the original operator algebra. As a\nbyproduct of these considerations we also arrive at a novel and very simple way\nof calculating the normalization constant appearing in the standard treatment\nwith the operator algebra. Like the partition function in equilibrium systems,\nthis normalization constant is shown to completely characterize the\nfluctuations, albeit in a very different manner."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Persistent local order heterogeneity in the supercritical carbon dioxide: The supercritical state is currently viewed as uniform and homogeneous on the\npressure-temperature phase diagram in terms of physical properties. Here, we\nstudy structural properties of the supercritical carbon dioxide, and discover\nthe existence of persistent medium-range order correlations which make\nsupercritical carbon dioxide non-uniform and heterogeneous on an intermediate\nlength scale, a result not hitherto anticipated. We report on the carbon\ndioxide heterogeneity shell structure where, in the first shell, both carbon\nand oxygen atoms experience gas-like type inter- actions with short range order\ncorrelations, while within the second shell oxygen atoms essentially exhibit\nliquid-like type of interactions with medium range order correlations due to\nlocalisation of transverse-like phonon packets. We show that the local order\nheterogeneity remains in the three phase-like equilibrium within very wide\ntemperature range. Importantly, we highlight a catalytic role of atoms inside\nthe nearest neighbor heterogeneity shell in providing a mechanism for diffusion\nin the supercritical carbon dioxide on an intermediate length scale. Finally,\nwe discuss important implications for answering the intriguing question whether\nVenus may have had carbon dioxide oceans and urge for an experimental detection\nof this persistent local order heterogeneity.",
        "positive": "Does Good Mutation Help You Live Longer?: We study the dynamics of an age-structured population in which the life\nexpectancy of an offspring may be mutated with respect to that of its parent.\nWhen advantageous mutation is favored, the average fitness of the population\ngrows linearly with time $t$, while in the opposite case the average fitness is\nconstant. For no mutational bias, the average fitness grows as t^{2/3}. The\naverage age of the population remains finite in all cases and paradoxically is\na decreasing function of the overall population fitness."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Order-disorder transition in the two dimensional interacting\n  monomer-dimer model: Ising criticality: We study the order-disorder transition of the two dimensional interacting\nmonomer-dimer model (IMD) which has two symmetric absorbing states. To be\nself-contained, we first estimate numerically the dynamic exponent $z$ of the\ntwo dimensional Ising model. From the relaxation dynamics of the magnetization\nat the critical point, we obtain $\\beta/(\\nu z) = 0.057~650(12)$, or $z = 2.168\n26(45)$, where $\\beta = \\frac{1}{8}$ and $\\nu=1$ are exactly known exponents.\nWe, then, compare the critical relaxation of the order parameter at the\ntransition point of the IMD with that of the Ising model. We found that the\ncritical relaxation exponent $\\beta/(\\nu z)$ is in good agreement with the\nIsing model, unlike the recent claim by Nam et al [JSTAT {\\bf (2014)}, P08011].\nWe also claim that the Binder cumulant is not an efficient quantity to locate\nthe order-disorder transition point of the model with two symmetric absorbing\nstates.",
        "positive": "Efficient Implementations of Molecular Dynamics Simulations for\n  Lennard-Jones Systems: Efficient implementations of the classical molecular dynamics (MD) method for\nLennard-Jones particle systems are considered. Not only general algorithms but\nalso techniques that are efficient for some specific CPU architectures are also\nexplained. A simple spatial-decomposition-based strategy is adopted for\nparallelization. By utilizing the developed code, benchmark simulations are\nperformed on a HITACHI SR16000/J2 system consisting of IBM POWER6 processors\nwhich are 4.7 GHz at the National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS) and an\nSGI Altix ICE 8400EX system consisting of Intel Xeon processors which are 2.93\nGHz at the Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), the University of Tokyo.\nThe parallelization efficiency of the largest run, consisting of 4.1 billion\nparticles with 8192 MPI processes, is about 73% relative to that of the\nsmallest run with 128 MPI processes at NIFS, and it is about 66% relative to\nthat of the smallest run with 4 MPI processes at ISSP. The factors causing the\nparallel overhead are investigated. It is found that fluctuations of the\nexecution time of each process degrade the parallel efficiency. These\nfluctuations may be due to the interference of the operating system, which is\nknown as OS Jitter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Order and Gap Statistics of Critical Branching Brownian Motion: We study the order statistics of one dimensional branching Brownian motion in\nwhich particles either diffuse (with diffusion constant $D$), die (with rate\n$d$) or split into two particles (with rate $b$). At the critical point $b=d$\nwhich we focus on, we show that, at large time $t$, the particles are\ncollectively bunched together. We find indeed that there are two length scales\nin the system: (i) the diffusive length scale $\\sim \\sqrt{Dt}$ which controls\nthe collective fluctuations of the whole bunch and (ii) the length scale of the\ngap between the bunched particles $\\sim \\sqrt{D/b}$. We compute the probability\ndistribution function $P(g_k,t|n)$ of the $k$th gap $g_k = x_k - x_{k+1}$\nbetween the $k$th and $(k+1)$th particles given that the system contains\nexactly $n>k$ particles at time $t$. We show that at large $t$, it converges to\na stationary distribution $P(g_k,t\\to \\infty|n) = p(g_k|n)$ with an algebraic\ntail $p(g_k|n) \\sim 8(D/b) g_k^{-3}$, for $g_k \\gg 1$, independent of $k$ and\n$n$. We verify our predictions with Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Cloning Algorithms: from Large Deviations to Population Dynamics: Population dynamics provides a numerical tool allowing for the study of rare\nevents by means of simulating a large number of copies of the system,\nsupplemented with a selection rule that favours the rare trajectories of\ninterest. The cloning algorithm allows the estimation of a large deviation\nfunction (LDF) of additive observables in Markov processes. However, such\nalgorithms are plagued by finite simulation time $t$ and finite population size\n$N_c$ effects that can render their use delicate. First, using a non-constant\npopulation approach, we analyze the small-$N_c$ effects in the initial\ntransient regime. These effects play an important role in the numerical\ndetermination of LDF. We show how to overcome these effects by introducing a\ntime delay in the evolution of populations, additional to the discarding of the\ninitial regime of the population growth where these discreteness effects are\nstrong. Then, the study of the finite-$t$ and finite-$N_c$ scalings in the LDF\nevaluation is done using two different versions of the algorithm, in discrete\nand continuous-time. We show that these scalings behave as $1/N_c$ and $1/t$ in\nthe large-$N_c$ and large-$t$ asymptotics respectively. Moreover, we show that\none can make use of this convergence speed in order to extract the asymptotic\nbehavior in the infinite-$t$ and infinite-$N_c$ limits resulting in a better\nLDF estimation. These scalings are later generalized and evidence of a\nbreakdown for large-size systems is presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise-induced dynamical transition in systems with symmetric absorbing\n  states: We investigate the effect of noise strength on the macroscopic ordering\ndynamics of systems with symmetric absorbing states. Using an explicit\nstochastic microscopic model, we present evidence for a phase transition in the\ncoarsening dynamics, from an Ising-like to a voter-like behavior, as the noise\nstrength is increased past a nontrivial critical value. By mapping to a thermal\ndiffusion process, we argue that the transition arises due to locally-absorbing\nstates being entered more readily in the high-noise regime, which in turn\nprevents surface tension from driving the ordering process.",
        "positive": "Partition functions and thermodynamic properties of paraboson and\n  parafermion systems: New formulas are given for the grand partition function of paraboson systems\nof order p with n orbitals and parafermion systems of order p with m orbitals.\nThese formulas allow the computation of statistical and thermodynamic functions\nfor such systems. We analyze and discuss the average number of particles on an\norbital, and the average number of particles in the system. For some special\ncases (identical orbital energies, or equidistant orbital energies) we can\nsimplify the grand partition functions and describe thermodynamic properties in\nmore detail. Some specific properties are also illustrated in plots of\nthermodynamic functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field Theory of Fluctuations in Glasses: We develop a field-theoretical description of dynamical heterogeneities and\nfluctuations in supercooled liquids close to the (avoided) MCT singularity.\nUsing quasi-equilibrium arguments we eliminate time from the description and we\ncompletely characterize fluctuations in the beta regime. We identify different\nsources of fluctuations and show that the most relevant ones are associated to\nvariations of \"self-induced disorder\" in the initial condition of the dynamics.\nIt follows that heterogeneites can be describes through a cubic field theory\nwith an effective random field term. The phenomenon of perturbative dimensional\nreduction ensues, well known in random field problems, which implies an upper\ncritical dimension of the theory equal to 8. We apply our theory to finite size\nscaling for mean-field systems and we test its prediction against numerical\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Entropy production for asymmetric diffusion of particles: We analyse a non-equilibrium exclusion process in which particles are created\nand annihilated in pairs and hop to the the right or to the left with different\ntransition rates, $p$ and $q$, respectively. We have studied the dynamics of a\nsingle particle, and exactly determined the entropy, entropy production rate\nand entropy flux as functions of time. In the system of many particles, we have\ncharacterised the system by its probability distribution, as well as the\nentropy production rate in close forms, provided that $p+q$ equals the sum of\ndimers creation and annihilation rates. The general case, where this constraint\nis absent, was considered at pair approximation level; the time-dependent\nbehaviour of the system was analysed, and the stationary entropy production was\ndetermined. In all cases, in the stationary regime, we showed that the entropy\nproduction rate is a bilinear form in the current of particles and the force\n$\\ln(p/q)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Precursor Model for the Onset of Percolation in a\n  Two-Phase System: Using a Boltzmann equation, we investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of\nnonperturbative fluctuations within the context of Ginzburg-Landau models. As\nan illustration, we examine how a two-phase system initially prepared in a\nhomogeneous, low-temperature phase becomes populated by precursors of the\nopposite phase as the temperature is increased. We compute the critical value\nof the order parameter for the onset of percolation, which signals the\nbreakdown of the conventional dilute gas approximation.",
        "positive": "Comprehensive studies on the universality of BKT transitions --\n  Machine-learning study, Monte Carlo simulation, and Level-spectroscopy method: Comprehensive studies are made on the six-state clock universality of two\nmodels using several approaches. We apply the machine-learning technique of\nphase classification to the antiferromagnetic (AF) three-state Potts model on\nthe square lattice with ferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) coupling and\nthe triangular AF Ising model with anisotropic NNN coupling to study two\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions. We also use the Monte Carlo\nsimulation paying attention to the ratio of correlation functions of different\ndistances for these two models. The obtained results are compared with those of\nthe previous studies using the level-spectroscopy method. We directly show the\nsix-state clock universality for totally different systems with the\nmachine-learning study."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vibrated granular gas confined by a piston: The steady state of a vibrated granular gas confined by a movable piston on\nthe top is discussed. Particular attention is given to the hydrodynamic\nboundary conditions to be used when solving the inelastic Navier-Stokes\nequations. The relevance of an exact general condition relating the grain\nfluxes approaching and moving away from each of the walls is emphasized. It is\nshown how it can be used to get a consistent hydrodynamic description of the\nboundaries. The obtained expressions for the fields do not contain any\nundetermined parameter. Comparison of the theoretical predictions with\nmolecular dynamics simulation results is carried out, and a good agreement is\nobserved for low density and not too large inelasticity. A practical way of\nintroducing small finite density corrections to the dilute limit theory is\nproposed, to improve the accuracy of the theory.",
        "positive": "Jamming and percolation in random sequential adsorption of straight\n  rigid rods on a two-dimensional triangular lattice: Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling analysis have been performed\nto study the jamming and percolation behavior of linear $k$-mers (also known as\nrods or needles) on the two-dimensional triangular lattice, considering an\nisotropic RSA process on a lattice of linear dimension $L$ and periodic\nboundary conditions. Extensive numerical work has been done to extend previous\nstudies to larger system sizes and longer $k$-mers, which enables the\nconfirmation of a nonmonotonic size dependence of the percolation threshold and\nthe estimation of a maximum value of $k$ from which percolation would no longer\noccurs. Finally, a complete analysis of critical exponents and universality\nhave been done, showing that the percolation phase transition involved in the\nsystem is not affected, having the same universality class of the ordinary\nrandom percolation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solution of the Fokker-Planck equation with a logarithmic potential and\n  mixed eigenvalue spectrum: Motivated by a problem in climate dynamics, we investigate the solution of a\nBessel-like process with negative constant drift, described by a Fokker-Planck\nequation with a potential V(x) = - [b \\ln(x) + a\\, x], for b>0 and a<0. The\nproblem belongs to a family of Fokker-Planck equations with logarithmic\npotentials closely related to the Bessel process, that has been extensively\nstudied for its applications in physics, biology and finance. The Bessel-like\nprocess we consider can be solved by seeking solutions through an expansion\ninto a complete set of eigenfunctions. The associated imaginary-time\nSchroedinger equation exhibits a mix of discrete and continuous eigenvalue\nspectra, corresponding to the quantum Coulomb potential describing the bound\nstates of the hydrogen atom. We present a technique to evaluate the\nnormalization factor of the continuous spectrum of eigenfunctions that relies\nsolely upon their asymptotic behavior. We demonstrate the technique by solving\nthe Brownian motion problem and the Bessel process both with a negative\nconstant drift. We conclude with a comparison with other analytical methods and\nwith numerical solutions.",
        "positive": "Scaling Relations for Contour Lines of Rough Surfaces: Equilibrium and non-equilibrium growth phenomena, e.g., surface growth,\ngenerically yields self-affine distributions. Analysis of statistical\nproperties of these distributions appears essential in understanding\nstatistical mechanics of underlying phenomena. Here, we analyze scaling\nproperties of the cumulative distribution of iso-height loops (i.e., contour\nlines) of rough self-affine surfaces in terms of loop area and system size.\nInspired by the Coulomb gas methods, we find the generating function of the\narea of the loops. Interestingly, we find that, after sorting loops with\nrespect to their perimeters, Zipf-like scaling relations hold for ranked loops.\nNumerical simulations are also provided in order to demonstrate the proposed\nscaling relations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topology, Convergence, and Reconstruction of Predictive States: Predictive equivalence in discrete stochastic processes have been applied\nwith great success to identify randomness and structure in statistical physics\nand chaotic dynamical systems and to inferring hidden Markov models. We examine\nthe conditions under which they can be reliably reconstructed from time-series\ndata, showing that convergence of predictive states can be achieved from\nempirical samples in the weak topology of measures. Moreover, predictive states\nmay be represented in Hilbert spaces that replicate the weak topology. We\nmathematically explain how these representations are particularly beneficial\nwhen reconstructing high-memory processes and connect them to reproducing\nkernel Hilbert spaces.",
        "positive": "Interplay between spin frustration and thermal entanglement in the\n  exactly solved Ising-Heisenberg tetrahedral chain: The spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg tetrahedral chain is exactly solved using its\nlocal gauge symmetry, which enables one to establish a rigorous mapping with\nthe corresponding chain of composite Ising spins tractable within the\ntransfer-matrix approach. Exact results derived for spin-spin correlation\nfunctions are employed to obtain the frustration temperature, at which a\nproduct of correlation functions along an elementary triangular plaquette\nbecomes negative and the relevant spins experience a spin frustration. In\naddition, we have exactly calculated a concurrence quantifying thermal\nentanglement along with a threshold temperature, above which concurrence as a\nmeasure of thermal entanglement vanishes. It is shown that the frustration and\nthreshold temperature coincide at sufficiently low temperatures, while they\nexhibit a very different behavior in the high-temperature region when tending\ntowards completely different asymptotic limits. The threshold temperature\nadditionally shows a notable reentrant behavior when it extends over a narrow\ntemperature region above the classical ground state without any quantum\ncorrelations. It is demonstrated that the specific heat may display temperature\ndependence with or without an anomalous low-temperature peak for a relatively\nstrong or weak Heisenberg interaction, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Yielding and plasticity in amorphous solids: The physics of disordered media, from metallic glasses to colloidal\nsuspensions, granular matter and biological tissues, offers difficult\nchallenges because it often occurs far from equilibrium, in materials lacking\nsymmetries and evolving through complex energy landscapes. Here, we review\nrecent theoretical efforts to provide microscopic insights into the mechanical\nproperties of amorphous media using approaches from statistical mechanics as\nunifying frameworks. We cover both the initial regime corresponding to small\ndeformations, and the yielding transition marking a change between elastic\nresponse and plastic flow. We discuss the specific features arising for systems\nevolving near a jamming transition, and extend our discussion to recent studies\nof the rheology of dense biological and active materials.",
        "positive": "Dynamic heterogeneity in amorphous materials: Amorphous solids are mechanically rigid while possessing a disordered\nstructure similar to that of dense liquids. Recent research indicates that\ndynamical heterogeneity, spatio-temporal fluctuations in local dynamical\nbehavior, might help understanding the statistical mechanics of glassy states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Dynamics of the Antiferromagnetic $O(3)$ Nonlinear Sigma Model\n  with Conserved Magnetization: We study the near-equilibrium critical dynamics of the $O(3)$ nonlinear sigma\nmodel describing isotropic antiferromagnets with non-conserved order parameter\nreversibly coupled to the conserved total magnetization. To calculate response\nand correlation functions, we set up a description in terms of Langevin\nstochastic equations of motion, and their corresponding Janssen--De~Dominicis\nresponse functional. We find that in equilibrium, the dynamics is\nwell-separated from the statics, at least to one-loop order in a perturbative\ntreatment with respect to the static and dynamical nonlinearities. Since the\nstatic nonlinear sigma model must be analyzed in a dimensional $d = 2 +\n\\varepsilon$ expansion about its lower critical dimension $d_\\textrm{lc} = 2$,\nwhereas the dynamical mode-coupling terms are governed by the upper critical\ndimension $d_c = 4$, a simultaneous perturbative dimensional expansion is not\nfeasible, and the reversible critical dynamics for this model cannot be\naccessed at the static critical renormalization group fixed point. However, in\nthe coexistence limit addressing the long-wavelength properties of the\nlow-temperature ordered phase, we can perform an $\\epsilon = 4 - d$ expansion\nnear $d_c$. This yields anomalous scaling features induced by the massless\nGoldstone modes, namely sub-diffusive relaxation for the conserved\nmagnetization density with asymptotic scaling exponent $z_\\Gamma = d - 2$ which\nmay be observable in neutron scattering experiments. Intriguingly, if\ninitialized near the critical point, the renormalization group flow for the\neffective dynamical exponents recovers their universal critical values $z_c = d\n/ 2$ in an intermediate crossover region.",
        "positive": "Disorder-Induced Anomalous Kinetics in the $A+A \\to \\emptyset$ Reaction: We address the two-dimensional bimolecular annihilation reaction $A + A \\to\n\\emptyset$ in the presence of random impurities. Impurities with sufficiently\nlong-ranged interaction energies are known to lead to anomalous diffusion,\n$<r^2(t)> \\sim t^{1-\\delta}$, in the absence of reaction. Applying\nrenormalization group theory to a field theoretic description of this reaction,\nwe find that this disorder also leads to anomalous kinetics in the long time\nlimit: $c(t) \\sim t^{\\delta -1}$. This kinetics results because the disorder\nforces the system into the (sub)diffusion controlled regime, in which the\nkinetics must become anomalous."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization of spatio-temporal chaos as an absorbing phase\n  transition: a study in 2+1 dimensions: The synchronization transition between two coupled replicas of\nspatio-temporal chaotic systems in 2+1 dimensions is studied as a phase\ntransition into an absorbing state - the synchronized state. Confirming the\nscenario drawn in 1+1 dimensional systems, the transition is found to belong to\ntwo different universality classes - Multiplicative Noise (MN) and Directed\nPercolation (DP) - depending on the linear or nonlinear character of damage\nspreading occurring in the coupled systems. By comparing coupled map lattice\nwith two different stochastic models, accurate numerical estimates for MN in\n2+1 dimensions are obtained. Finally, aiming to pave the way for future\nexperimental studies, slightly non-identical replicas have been considered. It\nis shown that the presence of small differences between the dynamics of the two\nreplicas acts as an external field in the context of absorbing phase\ntransitions, and can be characterized in terms of a suitable critical exponent.",
        "positive": "Aging and rejuvenation of active matter under topological constraints: The coupling of active, self-motile particles to topological constraints can\ngive rise to novel non-equilibrium dynamical patterns that lack any passive\ncounterpart. Here we study the behavior of self-propelled rods confined to a\ncompact spherical manifold by means of Brownian dynamics simulations. We\nestablish the state diagram and find that short active rods at sufficiently\nhigh density exhibit a glass transition toward a disordered state characterized\nby persistent self-spinning motion. By periodically melting and revitrifying\nthe spherical spinning glass, we observe clear signatures of time-dependent\naging and rejuvenation physics. We quantify the crucial role of activity in\nthese non-equilibrium processes, and rationalize the aging dynamics in terms of\nan absorbing-state transition toward a more stable active glassy state. Our\nresults demonstrate both how concepts of passive glass phenomenology can carry\nover into the realm of active matter, and how topology can enrich the\ncollective spatiotemporal dynamics in inherently non-equilibrium systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modelling Selforganization and Innovation Processes in Networks: In this paper we develop a theory to describe innovation processes in a\nnetwork of interacting units. We introduce a stochastic picture that allows for\nthe clarification of the role of fluctuations for the survival of innovations\nin such a non-linear system. We refer to the theory of complex networks and\nintroduce the notion of sensitive networks. Sensitive networks are networks in\nwhich the introduction or the removal of a node/vertex dramatically changes the\ndynamic structure of the system. As an application we consider interaction\nnetworks of firms and technologies and describe technological innovation as a\nspecific dynamic process. Random graph theory, percolation, master equation\nformalism and the theory of birth and death processes are the mathematical\ninstruments used in this paper.",
        "positive": "Spanning trees on the Sierpinski gasket: We obtain the numbers of spanning trees on the Sierpinski gasket $SG_d(n)$\nwith dimension $d$ equal to two, three and four. The general expression for the\nnumber of spanning trees on $SG_d(n)$ with arbitrary $d$ is conjectured. The\nnumbers of spanning trees on the generalized Sierpinski gasket $SG_{d,b}(n)$\nwith $d=2$ and $b=3,4$ are also obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Paradoxical probabilistic behavior for strongly correlated many-body\n  classical systems: Using a simple probabilistic model, we illustrate that a small part of a\nstrongly correlated many-body classical system can show a paradoxical behavior,\nnamely asymptotic stochastic independence. We consider a triangular array such\nthat each row is a list of $n$ strongly correlated random variables. The\ncorrelations are preserved even when $n\\to\\infty$, since the standard central\nlimit theorem does not hold for this array. We show that, if we choose a fixed\nnumber $m<n$ of random variables of the $n$th row and trace over the other\n$n-m$ variables, and then consider $n\\to\\infty$, the $m$ chosen ones can,\nparadoxically, turn out to be independent. However, the scenario can be\ndifferent if $m$ increases with $n$. Finally, we suggest a possible\nexperimental verification of our results near criticality of a second-order\nphase transition.",
        "positive": "A closer look at coupled logistic maps at the edge of chaos: We focus on a linear chain of $N$ first-neighbor-coupled logistic maps at\ntheir edge of chaos in the presence of a common noise. This model,\ncharacterised by the coupling strength $\\epsilon$ and the noise width\n$\\sigma_{max}$, was recently introduced by Pluchino et al [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf\n87}, 022910 (2013)]. They detected, for the time averaged returns with\ncharacteristic return time $\\tau$, possible connections with $q$-Gaussians, the\ndistributions which optimise, under appropriate constraints, the nonadditive\nentropy $S_q$, basis of nonextensive statistics mechanics. We have here a\ncloser look on this model, and numerically obtain probability distributions\nwhich exhibit a slight asymmetry for some parameter values, in variance with\nsimple $q$-Gaussians. Nevertheless, along many decades, the fitting with\n$q$-Gaussians turns out to be numerically very satisfactory for wide regions of\nthe parameter values, and we illustrate how the index $q$ evolves with $(N,\n\\tau, \\epsilon, \\sigma_{max})$. It is nevertheless instructive on how careful\none must be in such numerical analysis. The overall work shows that physical\nand/or biological systems that are correctly mimicked by the Pluchino et al\nmodel are thermostatistically related to nonextensive statistical mechanics\nwhen time-averaged relevant quantities are studied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized arcsine laws for fractional Brownian motion: The three arcsine laws for Brownian motion are a cornerstone of extreme-value\nstatistics. For a Brownian $B_t$ starting from the origin, and evolving during\ntime $T$, one considers the following three observables: (i) the duration $t_+$\nthe process is positive, (ii) the time $t_{\\rm last}$ the process last visits\nthe origin, and (iii) the time $t_{\\rm max}$ when it achieves its maximum (or\nminimum). All three observables have the same cumulative probability\ndistribution expressed as an arcsine function, thus the name of arcsine laws.\nWe show how these laws change for fractional Brownian motion $X_t$, a\nnon-Markovian Gaussian process indexed by the Hurst exponent $H$. It\ngeneralizes standard Brownian motion (i.e. $H=\\tfrac{1}{2}$). We obtain the\nthree probabilities using a perturbative expansion in $\\epsilon =\nH-\\tfrac{1}{2}$. While all three probabilities are different, this distinction\ncan only be made at second order in $\\epsilon$. Our results are confirmed to\nhigh precision by extensive numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Relaxation dynamics in strained fiber bundles: Under an applied external load the global load-sharing fiber bundle model,\nwith individual fiber strength thresholds sampled randomly from a probability\ndistribution, will relax to an equilibrium state, or to complete bundle\nbreakdown. The relaxation can be viewed as taking place in a sequence of steps.\nIn the first step all fibers weaker than the applied stress fail. As the total\nload is redistributed on the surviving fibers, a group of secondary fiber\nfailures occur, etc. For a bundle with a finite number of fibers the process\nstops after a finite number of steps, $t$. By simulation and theoretical\nestimates, it is determined how $t$ depends upon the stress, the initial load\nper fiber, both for subcritical and supercritical stress. The two-sided\ncritical divergence is characterized by an exponent -1/2, independent of the\nprobability distribution of the fiber thresholds."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mesoscopic theory for size- and charge- asymmetric ionic systems. I.\n  Case of extreme asymmetry: A mesoscopic theory for the primitive model of ionic systems is developed for\narbitrary size, $\\lambda=\\sigma_+/\\sigma_-$, and charge, $Z=e_+/|e_-|$,\nasymmetry. Our theory is an extension of the theory we developed earlier for\nthe restricted primitive model. The case of extreme asymmetries\n$\\lambda\\to\\infty$ and $Z \\to\\infty$ is studied in some detail in a mean-field\napproximation. The phase diagram and correlation functions are obtained in the\nasymptotic regime $\\lambda\\to\\infty$ and $Z \\to\\infty$, and for infinite\ndilution of the larger ions (volume fraction $n_p\\sim 1/Z$ or less). We find a\ncoexistence between a very dilute 'gas' phase and a crystalline phase in which\nthe macroions form a bcc structure with the lattice constant $\\approx\n3.6\\sigma_+$. Such coexistence was observed experimentally in deionized aqueous\nsolutions of highly charged colloidal particles.",
        "positive": "Finite-temperature properties of hard-core bosons confined on\n  one-dimensional optical lattices: We present an exact study of the finite-temperature properties of hard-core\nbosons (HCB's) confined on one-dimensional optical lattices. Our solution of\nthe HCB problem is based on the Jordan-Wigner transformation and properties of\nSlater determinants. We analyze the effects of the temperature on the behavior\nof the one-particle correlations, the momentum distribution function, and the\nlowest natural orbitals. In addition, we compare results obtained using the\ngrand-canonical and canonical descriptions for systems like the ones recently\nachieved experimentally. We show that even for such small systems, as small as\n10 HCB's in 50 lattice sites, there are only minor differences between the\nenergies and momentum distributions obtained within both ensembles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasi-Static Fractures in Disordered Media and Iterated Conformal Maps: We study the geometrical characteristic of quasi-static fractures in\ndisordered media, using iterated conformal maps to determine the evolution of\nthe fracture pattern. This method allows an efficient and accurate solution of\nthe Lam\\'e equations without resorting to lattice models. Typical fracture\npatterns exhibit increased ramification due to the increase of the stress at\nthe tips. We find the roughness exponent of the experimentally relevant\nbackbone of the fracture pattern; it crosses over from about 0.5 for small\nscales to about 0.75 for large scales, in excellent agreement with experiments.\nWe propose that this cross-over reflects the increased ramification of the\nfracture pattern.",
        "positive": "Quantum Potts Models on the Sierpi\u0144ski Pyramid: Phase transition of the two- and three-state quantum Potts models on the\nSierpi\\'nski pyramid are studied by means of a tensor network framework, the\nhigher-order tensor renormalization group method. Critical values of the\ntransverse magnetic field and the magnetic exponent $\\beta$ are evaluated.\nDespite the fact that the Hausdorff dimension of the Sierpi\\'nski pyramid is\nexactly two $( = \\log_2^{~} 4)$, the obtained critical properties show that the\neffective dimension is lower than two."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement Entropy of Fermions from Wigner Functions: Excited States\n  and Open Quantum Systems: We formulate a new ``Wigner characteristics'' based method to calculate\nentanglement entropies of subsystems of Fermions using Keldysh field theory.\nThis bypasses the requirements of working with complicated manifolds for\ncalculating R\\'{e}nyi entropies for many body systems. We provide an exact\nanalytic formula for R\\'{e}nyi and von-Neumann entanglement entropies of\nnon-interacting open quantum systems, which are initialised in arbitrary Fock\nstates. We use this formalism to look at entanglement entropies of momentum\nFock states of one-dimensional Fermions. We show that the entanglement entropy\nof a Fock state can scale either logarithmically or linearly with subsystem\nsize, depending on whether the number of discontinuities in the momentum\ndistribution is smaller or larger than the subsystem size. This classification\nof states in terms number of blocks of occupied momenta allows us to\nanalytically estimate the number of critical and non-critical Fock states for a\nparticular subsystem size. We also use this formalism to describe entanglement\ndynamics of an open quantum system starting with a single domain wall at the\ncenter of the system. Using entanglement entropy and mutual information, we\nunderstand the dynamics in terms of coherent motion of the domain wall\nwavefronts, creation and annihilation of domain walls and incoherent exchange\nof particles with the bath.",
        "positive": "Identifying reactive trajectories using a moving transition state: A time-dependent no-recrossing dividing surface is shown to lead to a new\ncriterion for identifying reactive trajectories well before they are evolved to\ninfinite time. Numerical dynamics simulations of a dissipative anharmonic\ntwo-dimensional system confirm the efficiency of this approach. The results are\ncompared to the standard fixed transition state dividing surface that is\nwell-known to suffer from recrossings and therefore requires trajectories to be\nevolved over a long time interval before they can reliably be classified as\nreactive or non-reactive. The moving dividing surface can be used to identify\nreactive trajectories in harmonic or moderately anharmonic systems with\nconsiderably lower numerical effort or even without any simulation at all."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-phoretic oscillatory motion in a harmonic trap: We consider the motion of a harmonically trapped overdamped particle, which\nis submitted to a self-phoretic force, that is proportional to the gradient of\na diffusive field for which the particle itself is the source. In agreement\nwith existing results for free particles or particles in a bounded domain, we\nfind that the system exhibits a transition between an immobile phase, where the\nparticle stays at the center of the trap, and an oscillatory state. We perform\nan exact analysis giving access to the bifurcation threshold, as well as the\nfrequency of oscillations and their amplitude near the threshold. Our analysis\nalso characterizes the shape of two-dimensional oscillations, that take place\nalong a circle or a straight line. Our results are confirmed by numerical\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Thermal Behavior of Spin Clusters and Interfaces in two-dimensional\n  Ising Model on Square Lattice: Extensive Monte Carlo study of two-dimensional Ising model is done to\ninvestigate the statistical behavior of spin clusters and interfaces as a\nfunction of temperature, $T$. We use a \\emph{tie-breaking} rule to define\ninterfaces of spin clusters on square lattice with strip geometry and show that\nsuch definition is consistent with conformal invariant properties of interfaces\nat critical temperature, $T_c$. The \\emph{effective} fractal dimensions of spin\nclusters and interfaces ($d_c$ and $d_I$, respectively) are obtained as a\nfunction of temperature. We find that the effective fractal dimension of the\nspin clusters behaves almost linearly with temperature in three different\nregimes. It is also found that the effective fractal dimension of the\ninterfaces undergoes a sharp crossover around $T_c$, between values 1 and 1.75\nat low and high temperatures, respectively. We also check the finite-size\nscaling hypothesis for the percolation probability and the average mass of the\nlargest spin-cluster in a good agreement with the theoretical predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variational wavefunction study of the triangular lattice supersolid: We present a variational wavefunction which explains the behaviour of the\nsupersolid state formed by hard-core bosons on the triangular lattice. The\nwavefunction is a linear superposition of {\\em only and all} configurations\nminimising the repulsion between the bosons (which it thus implements as a hard\nconstraint). Its properties can be evaluated exactly--in particular, the\nvariational minimisation of the energy yields (i) the surprising and initially\ncontroversial spontaneous density deviation from half-filling (ii) a\nquantitatively accurate estimate of the corresponding density wave (solid)\norder parameter.",
        "positive": "Anomalous properties of the acoustic excitations in glasses on the\n  mesoscopic length-scale: The low-temperature thermal properties of dielectric crystals are governed by\nacoustic excitations with large wavelengths that are well described by plane\nwaves. This is the Debye model, which rests on the assumption that the medium\nis an elastic continuum, holds true for acoustic wavelengths large on the\nmicroscopic scale fixed by the interatomic spacing, and gradually breaks down\non approaching it. Glasses are characterized as well by universal\nlow-temperature thermal properties, that are however anomalous with respect to\nthose of the corresponding crystalline phases. Related universal anomalies also\nappear in the low-frequency vibrational density of states and, despite of a\nlongstanding debate, still remain poorly understood. Using molecular dynamics\nsimulations of a model monatomic glass of extremely large size, we show that in\nglasses the structural disorder undermines the Debye model in a subtle way: the\nelastic continuum approximation for the acoustic excitations breaks down\nabruptly on the mesoscopic, medium-range-order length-scale of about ten\ninteratomic spacings, where it still works well for the corresponding\ncrystalline systems. On this scale, the sound velocity shows a marked reduction\nwith respect to the macroscopic value. This turns out to be closely related to\nthe universal excess over the Debye model prediction found in glasses at\nfrequencies of ~1 THz in the vibrational density of states or at temperatures\nof ~10 K in the specific heat."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heating and Cooling of Quantum Gas by Eigenstate Joule Expansion: We investigate the Joule expansion of an interacting quantum gas in an energy\neigenstate. The Joule expansion occurs when two subsystems of different\nparticle density are allowed to exchange particles. We demonstrate numerically\nthat the subsystems in their energy eigenstates evolves unitarily into the\nglobal equilibrium state in accordance with the eigenstate thermalization\nhypothesis. We find that the quantum gas changes its temperature after the\nJoule expansion with a characteristic inversion temperature $T_{\\rm I}$. The\ngas cools down (heats up) when the initial temperature is higher (lower) than\n$T_{\\rm I}$, implying that $T_{\\rm I}$ is a stable fixed point, which is\ncontrasted to the behavior of classical gases. Our work exemplifies that\ntransport phenomena can be studied at the level of energy eigenstates.",
        "positive": "Universal avalanche statistics and triggering close to failure in a mean\n  field model of rheological fracture: The hypothesis of critical failure relates the presence of an ultimate\nstability point in the structural constitutive equation of materials to a\ndivergence of characteristic scales in the microscopic dynamics responsible for\ndeformation. Avalanche models involving critical failure have determined common\nuniversality classes for stick-slip processes and fracture. However, not all\nempirical failure processes exhibit the trademarks of criticality. The\nrheological properties of materials introduce dissipation, usually reproduced\nin conceptual models as a hardening of the coarse grained elements of the\nsystem. Here, we investigate the effects of transient hardening on (i) the\nactivity rate and (ii) the statistical properties of avalanches. We find the\nexplicit representation of transient hardening in the presence of generalized\nviscoelasticity and solve the corresponding mean field model of fracture. In\nthe quasistatic limit, the accelerated energy release is invariant with respect\nto rheology and the avalanche propagation can be reinterpreted in terms of a\nstochastic counting process. A single universality class can be defined from\nsuch analogy, and all statistical properties depend only on the distance to\ncriticality. We also prove that inter-event correlations emerge due to the\nhardening --- even in the quasistatic limit --- that can be interpreted as\n\"aftershocks\" and \"foreshocks\"."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Direct entropy determination and application to artificial spin ice: From thermodynamic origins, the concept of entropy has expanded to a range of\nstatistical measures of uncertainty, which may still be thermodynamically\nsignificant. However, laboratory measurements of entropy continue to rely on\ndirect measurements of heat. New technologies that can map out myriads of\nmicroscopic degrees of freedom suggest direct determination of configurational\nentropy by counting in systems where it is thermodynamically inaccessible, such\nas granular and colloidal materials, proteins and lithographically fabricated\nnanometre-scale arrays. Here, we demonstrate a conditional-probability\ntechnique to calculate entropy densities of translation-invariant states on\nlattices using limited configuration data on small clusters, and apply it to\narrays of interacting nanometre-scale magnetic islands (artificial spin ice).\nModels for statistically disordered systems can be assessed by applying the\nmethod to relative entropy densities. For artificial spin ice, this analysis\nshows that nearest-neighbour correlations drive longer-range ones.",
        "positive": "Condensate and superfluid fractions for varying interactions and\n  temperature: A system with Bose-Einstein condensate is considered in the frame of the\nself-consistent mean-field approximation, which is conserving, gapless, and\napplicable for arbitrary interaction strengths and temperatures. The main\nattention is paid to the thorough analysis of the condensate and superfluid\nfractions in a wide region of interaction strengths and for all temperatures\nbetween zero and the critical point T_c. The normal and anomalous averages are\nshown to be of the same order for almost all interactions and temperatures,\nexcept the close vicinity of T_c. But even in the vicinity of the critical\ntemperature, the anomalous average cannot be neglected, since only in the\npresence of the latter the phase transition at T_c becomes of second order, as\nit should be. Increasing temperature influences the condensate and superfluid\nfractions in a similar way, by diminishing them. But their behavior with\nrespect to the interaction strength is very different. For all temperatures,\nthe superfluid fraction is larger than the condensate fraction. These coincide\nonly at T_c or under zero interactions. For asymptotically strong interactions,\nthe condensate is almost completely depleted, even at low temperatures, while\nthe superfluid fraction can be close to one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rhythmic behavior in a two-population mean field Ising model: Many real systems comprised of a large number of interacting components, as\nfor instance neural networks , may exhibit collective periodic behavior even\nthough single components have no natural tendency to behave periodically.\nMacroscopic oscillations are indeed one of the most common self-organized\nbehavior observed in living systems. In the present paper we study some\ndynamical features of a two-population generalization of the mean field Ising\nmodel with the scope of investigating simple mechanisms capable to generate\nrhythm in large groups of interacting individuals. We show that the system may\nundergo a transition from a disordered phase, where the magnetization of each\npopulation fluctuates closely around zero, to a phase in which they both\ndisplay a macroscopic regular rhythm. In particular, there exists a region in\nthe parameter space where having two groups of spins with inter- and\nintra-population interactions of different strengths suffices for the emergence\nof a robust periodic behavior.",
        "positive": "Nonextensive It\u00f4-Langevin Dynamics: We study generalizations of It\\^{o}-Langevin dynamics consistent within\nnonextensive thermostatistics. The corresponding stochastic differential\nequations are shown to be connected with a wide class of nonlinear\nFokker-Planck equations describing correlated anomalous diffusion in fractals.\nA generalized central limit theorem is proposed in order to demonstrate how\nsuch equations emerge as a limit of correlated random variables. In doing so,\nwe connect microscopic and macroscopic descriptions of correlated anomalous\ndiffusion in a mathematically sound way and shed some light in explaining why\n$q$-Gaussian distributions appear quite often in nature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "High temperature correlation functions: universality, extraction of\n  exchange interactions, divergent correlation lengths and generalized Debye\n  length scales: We derive a universal form for the correlation function of general n\ncomponent systems in the limit of high temperatures or weak coupling. This\nenables the extraction of effective microscopic interactions from measured high\ntemperature correlation functions. We find that in systems with long range\ninteractions, there exist diverging correlation lengths with amplitudes that\ntend to zero in the high temperature limit. For general systems with disparate\nlong range interactions, we introduce the notion of generalized Debye length\n(and time) scales and further relate it to the divergence of the largest\ncorrelation length in the high temperature (or weak coupling) limit.",
        "positive": "On a previously unpublished work with Ralph Kenna: This is part of an unpublished work in collaboration with Ralph Kenna. It was\nprobably not mature enough at the time it was submitted more than ten years ago\nand it was rejected by the editors, but some of the ideas have later been\npublished partially in subsequent works. I believe that this ``draft'' reveals\na lot about Ralph's enthusiasm and audacity and deserves to be published now,\nmaybe as a part of his legacy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Crooks relation in optical spectra - universality in work\n  distributions for weak local quenches: We show that work distributions and non-equilibrium work fluctuation theorems\ncan be measured in optical spectra for a wide class of quantum systems. We\nconsider systems where the absorption or emission of a photon corresponds to\nthe sudden switch on or off of a local perturbation. For the particular case of\na weak local perturbation, the Crooks relation establishes a universal relation\nin absorption as well as in emission spectra. Due to a direct relation between\nthe spectra and work distribution functions this is equivalent to universal\nrelations in work distributions for weak local quenches. As two concrete\nexamples we treat the X-ray edge problem and the Kondo exciton.",
        "positive": "Index of a matrix, complex logarithms, and multidimensional Fresnel\n  integrals: We critically discuss the problem of finding the $\\lambda$-index\n$\\mathcal{N}(\\lambda)\\in [0,1,\\ldots,N]$ of a real symmetric matrix\n$\\mathbf{M}$, defined as the number of eigenvalues smaller than $\\lambda$,\nusing the entries of $\\mathbf{M}$ as only input. We show that a widely used\nformula $$ \\mathcal{N}(\\lambda)=\\lim_{\\epsilon\\to 0^+}\\frac{1}{2\\pi\n\\mathrm{i}}\\left[\\log\\det(\\mathbf{M}-\\lambda+\\mathrm{i}\\epsilon)-\\log\\det(\\mathbf{M}-\\lambda-\\mathrm{i}\\epsilon)\\right]\n$$ based on the branch-cut structure of the complex logarithm should be handled\nwith care, as it generically fails to produce the correct result if the same\nbranch is chosen for the two logarithms.\n  We improve the formula using multidimensional Fresnel integrals, showing that\neven the new version provides at most a self-consistency equation for\n$\\mathcal{N}(\\lambda)$, whose solution is not guaranteed to be unique. Our\nresults are corroborated by explicit examples and numerical evaluations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of order parameters for a population of globally coupled\n  oscillators: Using an expansion in order parameters, the equation of motion for the\ncentroid of globally coupled oscillators with natural frequencies taken from a\ndistribution is obtained for the case of high coupling, low dispersion of\nnatural frequencies and any number of oscillators. To the first order, the\nsystem can be approximated by a set of four equations, where the centroid is\ncoupled with a second macroscopic variable, which describes the dynamics of the\noscillators around their average. This gives rise to collective effects that\nsuggest experiments aimed at measuring the parameters of the population.",
        "positive": "Topological Constraints in Directed Polymer Melts: Polymers in a melt may be subject to topological constraints, as in the\nexample of unlinked polymer rings. How to do statistical mechanics in the\npresence of such constraints remains a fundamental open problem. We study the\neffect of topological constraints on a melt of directed polymers, using\nsimulations of a simple quasi-2D model. We find that fixing the global topology\nof the melt to be trivial changes the polymer conformations drastically.\nPolymers of length $L$ wander in the transverse direction only by a distance of\norder $(\\ln L)^\\zeta$ with $\\zeta \\simeq 1.5$. This is strongly suppressed in\ncomparison with the Brownian $L^{1/2}$ scaling which holds in the absence of\nthe topological constraint. It is also much smaller than the predictions of\nstandard heuristic approaches - in particular the $L^{1/4}$ of a\nmean-field-like `array of obstacles' model - so our results present a sharp\nchallenge to theory. Dynamics are also strongly affected by the constraints,\nand a tagged monomer in an infinite system performs logarithmically slow\nsubdiffusion in the transverse direction. To cast light on the suppression of\nthe strands' wandering, we analyse the topological complexity of subregions of\nthe melt: the complexity is also logarithmically small, and is related to the\nwandering by a power law. We comment on insights the results give for 3D melts,\ndirected and non-directed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hannay angle and geometric phase shifts under adiabatic parameter\n  changes in classical dissipative systems: In Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 66}, 847 (1991), T. B. Kepler and M. L. Kagan\nderived a geometric phase shift in dissipative limit cycle evolution. This\neffect was considered as an extension of the geometric phase in classical\nmechanics. We show that the converse is also true, namely, this geometric phase\ncan be identified with the classical mechanical Hannay angle in an extended\nphase space. Our results suggest that this phase can be generalized to a\nstochastic evolution with an additional noise term in evolution equations.",
        "positive": "Unipolar transport and shot noise in metal-semiconductor-metal\n  structures: We carry out a self-consistent analytical theory of unipolar current and\nnoise properties of metal-semiconductor-metal structures made of highly\nresistive semiconductors in the presence of an applied bias of arbitrary\nstrength. By including the effects of the diffusion current we succeed to study\nthe whole range of carrier injection conditions going from low level injection,\nwhere the structure behaves as a linear resistor, to high level injection,\nwhere the structure behaves as a space charge limited diode. We show that these\nstructures display shot noise at the highest voltages. Remarkably the crossover\nfrom Nyquist noise to shot noise exhibits a complicate behavior with increasing\ncurrent where an initial square root dependence (double thermal noise) is\nfollowed by a cubic power law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ring structures and mean first passage time in networks: In this paper we address the problem of the calculation of the mean first\npassage time (MFPT) on generic graphs. We focus in particular on the mean first\npassage time on a node 's' for a random walker starting from a generic,\nunknown, node 'x'. We introduce an approximate scheme of calculation which maps\nthe original process in a Markov process in the space of the so-called rings,\ndescribed by a transition matrix of size O(ln N / ln<k> X ln N / ln<k>), where\nN is the size of the graph and <k> the average degree in the graph. In this way\none has a drastic reduction of degrees of freedom with respect to the size N of\nthe transition matrix of the original process, corresponding to an\nextremely-low computational cost. We first apply the method to the Erdos-Renyi\nrandom graph for which the method allows for almost perfect agreement with\nnumerical simulations. Then we extend the approach to the Barabasi-Albert\ngraph, as an example of scale-free graph, for which one obtains excellent\nresults. Finally we test the method with two real world graphs, Internet and a\nnetwork of the brain, for which we obtain accurate results.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics. II: Application to inhomogeneous systems: We provide an extension of a recent approach to study non-equilibrium\nthermodynamics [Phys. Rev. E 81, 051130 (2010), to be denoted by I in this\nwork] to inhomogeneous systems by considering the latter to be composed of\nquasi-independent subsystems. The system {\\Sigma} along with the\n(macroscopically extremely large) medium {\\Sigma} forms an isolated system\n{\\Sigma}_0. Starting from the Gibbsian formulation of the entropy for\n{\\Sigma}_0, which is valid even when {\\Sigma}_0 is out of equilibrium, we\nderive the Gibbsian formulation of the entropy of {\\Sigma}, which need not be\nin equilibrium. The additivity of entropy requires quasi-independence of the\nsubsystems, which limits the size of various subsystems. The thermodynamic\npotentials of subsystems such as the Gibbs free energy are determined by the\nfield parameters (temperature, pressure, etc.) of the medium even if the latter\nmay not exist for the subsystems. This and the requirement of\nquasi-independence make our approach different from the conventional approach\ndue to de Groot and others. As the energy depends on the frame of reference,\nthe thermodynamic potentials and Gibbs fundamental relation, but not the\nentropy, depend on the frame of reference. The possibility of relative motion\nbetween subsystems described by their net linear and angular momenta gives rise\nto viscous dissipation. Important consequences of internal equilibrium are\ndiscussed. Internal variables as variables that cannot be controlled by the\nobserver for non-equilibrium evolution are also discussed. We finally formulate\nthe non-equilibrium thermodynamics of inhomogeneous systems. We also briefly\ndiscuss the case when bodies form an isolated system without any medium to\nobtain their irreversible contributions and show that this case is no different\nthan when bodies are in an extremely large medium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Influence of aperiodic modulations on first-order transitions: numerical\n  study of the two-dimensional Potts model: We study the Potts model on a rectangular lattice with aperiodic modulations\nin its interactions along one direction. Numerical results are obtained using\nthe Wolff algorithm and for many lattice sizes, allowing for a finite-size\nscaling analyses to be carried out. Three different self-dual aperiodic\nsequences are employed, which leads to more precise results, since the exact\ncritical temperature is known. We analyze two models, with six and fifteen\nnumber of states: both present first-order transitions on their uniform\nversions. We show that the Harris-Luck criterion, originally introduced in the\nstudy of continuous transitions, is obeyed also for first-order ones. Also, we\nshow that the new universality class that emerges for relevant aperiodic\nmodulations depends on the number of states of the Potts model, as obtained\nelsewhere for random disorder, and on the aperiodic sequence. We determine the\noccurrence of log-periodic behavior, as expected for models with aperiodic\nmodulated interactions.",
        "positive": "Langevin approach to the Porto system: M. Porto (Phys. Rev. E 63 (2001) 030102) suggested a system consisting of\nCoulomb interacting particles, forming a linear track and a rotor, and working\nas a molecular motor. Newton equations with damping for the rotor coordinate on\nthe track x, with a prescribed time-dependence of the rotor angle theta,\nindicated unidirectional motion of the rotor. Here, for the same system, the\ntreatment was generalized to nonzero temperatures by including stochastic\nforces and treating both x and theta via two coupled Langevin equations.\nNumerical results are reported for stochastic homogeneous distributions of\nimpact events and Gaussian distributions of stochastic forces acting on both\nthe variables. For specific values of parameters involved, the unidirectional\nmotion of the rotor along the track is confirmed, but with a mechanism that is\nnot necessarily the same as that one by Porto. In an additional weak\nhomogeneous potential field U(x)=const.x acting against the motion, the\nunidirectional motion persists. Then the rotor accumulates potential energy at\nthe cost of thermal stochastic forces from the bath."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic anomalies in open quantum systems: Strong coupling effects\n  in the isotropic XY model: The exactly solvable model of a one dimensional isotropic XY spin chain is\nemployed to study the thermodynamics of open systems. For this purpose the\nchain is subdivided into two parts, one part is considered as the system while\nthe rest as the environment or bath. The equilibrium properties of the system\ndisplay several anomalous aspects such as negative entropies, negative specific\nheat, negative susceptibilities in dependence of temperature and coupling\nstrength between system and bath. The statistical mechanics of this system is\nstudied in terms of a reduced density matrix. At zero temperature and for a\ncertain parameter values we observe a change of the ground state, a situation\nakin to a quantum phase transition.",
        "positive": "Damping and revivals of collective oscillations in a finite-temperature\n  model of trapped Bose-Einstein condensation: We utilize a two-gas model to simulate collective oscillations of a\nBose-Einstein condensate at finite temperatures. The condensate is described\nusing a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation, which is coupled to a thermal\ncloud modelled by a Monte Carlo algorithm. This allows us to include the\ncollective dynamics of both the condensed and non-condensed components\nself-consistently. We simulate quadrupolar excitations, and measure the damping\nrate and frequency as a function of temperature. We also observe revivals in\ncondensate oscillations at high temperatures, and in the thermal cloud at low\ntemperature. Extensions of the model to include non-equilibrium effects and\ndescribe more complex phenomena are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reducing rejection exponentially improves Markov chain Monte Carlo\n  sampling: The choice of transition kernel critically influences the performance of the\nMarkov chain Monte Carlo method. Despite the importance of kernel choice,\nguiding principles for optimal kernels have not been established. Here, we\npropose a one-parameter rejection control transition kernel that can be applied\nto various Monte Carlo samplings and demonstrate that the rejection process\nplays a major role in determining the sampling efficiency. Varying the\nrejection probability, we examine the autocorrelation time of the order\nparameter in the two- and three-dimensional ferromagnetic Potts models. Our\nresults reveal that reducing the rejection rate leads to an exponential\ndecrease in autocorrelation time in sequential spin updates and an algebraic\nreduction in random spin updates. The autocorrelation times of conventional\nalgorithms almost fall on a single curve as a function of the rejection rate.\nThe present transition kernel with an optimal parameter provides one of the\nmost efficient samplers for general cases of discrete variables.",
        "positive": "Time Reversal of the Overdamped Langevin Equation and Fixman's Law: We discuss how the first order Langevin equation for the overdamped dynamics\nof an interacting system has a natural time reversal of simple but surprising\nform, with consequences for correlation functions. This leads to the\ncorrelation of interactions as a strictly restraining term in the\ntime-dependent diffusion tensor of the system, deriving the relation first\nsuggested by Fixman. Applying this to the time-dependent diffusion of dilute\npolymer coils leads to the quantitative calibration of Kirkwood's approximation\nfor their hydrodynamic radius. We find the generalized ``Fixman Law\" for\ndissipation with a memory kernel, which has revealing causal structure, and we\nalso discuss the case of the second order Langevin Equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Backward transfer entropy: Informational measure for detecting hidden\n  Markov models and its interpretations in thermodynamics, gambling and\n  causality: The transfer entropy is a well-established measure of information flow, which\nquantifies directed influence between two stochastic time series and has been\nshown to be useful in a variety fields of science. Here we introduce the\ntransfer entropy of the backward time series called the backward transfer\nentropy, and show that the backward transfer entropy quantifies how far it is\nfrom dynamics to a hidden Markov model. Furthermore, we discuss physical\ninterpretations of the backward transfer entropy in completely different\nsettings of thermodynamics for information processing and the gambling with\nside information. In both settings of thermodynamics and the gambling, the\nbackward transfer entropy characterizes a possible loss of some benefit, where\nthe conventional transfer entropy characterizes a possible benefit. Our result\nimplies the deep connection between thermodynamics and the gambling in the\npresence of information flow, and that the backward transfer entropy would be\nuseful as a novel measure of information flow in nonequilibrium thermodynamics,\nbiochemical sciences, economics and statistics.",
        "positive": "Bose-Einstein condensation in a rotating anisotropic TOP trap: We describe the construction and operation of a time-orbiting potential trap\n(TOP trap) that has different oscillation frequencies along its three principal\naxes. These axes can be rotated and we have observed Bose-Einstein condensates\nof 87^Rb with a rotating ellipsoidal shape. Under these conditions it has been\npredicted that quantized vortices form and are stable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Trotter Derivation of Algorithms for Brownian and Dissipative Particle\n  Dynamics: This paper focuses on the temporal discretization of the Langevin dynamics,\nand on different resulting numerical integration schemes. Using a method based\non the exponentiation of time dependent operators, we carefully derive a\nnumerical scheme for the Langevin dynamics, that we found equivalent to the\nproposal of Ermak, and not simply to the stochastic version of the\nvelocity-Verlet algorithm. However, we checked on numerical simulations that\nboth algorithms give similar results, and share the same ``weak order two''\naccuracy. We then apply the same strategy to derive and test two numerical\nschemes for the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). The first one of them was\nfound to compare well, in terms of speed and accuracy, with the best currently\navailable algorithms.",
        "positive": "Applicability and non-applicability of equilibrium statistical mechanics\n  to non-thermal damage phenomena: II. Spinodal behavior: This paper investigates the spinodal behavior of non-thermal damage\nphenomena. As an example, a non-thermal fiber-bundle model with the global\nuniform (meanfield) load sharing is considered. In the vicinity of the spinodal\npoint the power-law scaling behavior is found. For the meanfield fiber-bundle\nmodel the spinodal exponents are found to have typical meanfield values."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Scaling Laws for Shear Induced Dilation in Frictional Granular\n  Media: Compressed frictional granular matter cannot flow without dilation. Upon\nforced shearing to generate flow, the amount of dilation may depend on the\ninitial preparation and a host of material variables. On the basis of both\nexperiments and numerical simulations we show that as a result of training by\nrepeated compression-decompression cycles the amount of dilation induced by\nshearing the system depends only on the shear rate and on the (pre-shearing)\npacking fraction. Relating the rheological response to structural properties\nallows us to derive a scaling law for the amount of dilation after $n$ cycles\nof compression-decompression. The resulting scaling law has a universal\nexponent that for trained systems is independent of the inter-granules force\nlaws, friction parameters and strain rate. The amplitude of the scaling law is\nanalytically computable, and it depends only on the shear rate and the\nasymptotic packing fraction.",
        "positive": "Exact full counting statistics for the staggered magnetization and the\n  domain walls in the XY spin chain: We calculate exactly cumulant generating functions (full counting statistics)\nfor the transverse, staggered magnetization and the domain walls at zero\ntemperature for a finite interval of the XY spin chain. In particular, we also\nderive a universal interpolation formula in the scaling limit for the full\ncounting statistics of the transverse magnetization and the domain walls which\nis based on the solution of a Painlev\\'e V equation. By further determining\nsubleading corrections in a large interval asymptotics, we are able to test the\napplicability of conformal field theory predictions at criticality. As a\nbyproduct, we also obtain exact results for the probability of formation of\nferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic domains in both $\\sigma^z$ and $\\sigma^x$\nbasis in the ground state. The analysis hinges upon asymptotic expansions of\nblock Toeplitz determinants, for which we formulate and check numerically a new\nconjecture."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How Peclet number affects microstructure and transient cluster\n  aggregation in sedimenting colloidal suspensions: We study how varying the P \\'eclet number (Pe) affects the steady state\nsedimentation of colloidal particles that interact through short-ranged\nattractions. By employing a hybrid molecular dynamics simulation method we\ndemonstrate that the average sedimentation velocity changes from a non-\nmonotonic dependence on packing fraction {\\phi} at low Pe numbers, to a\nmonotonic decrease with {\\phi} at higher Pe numbers. At low Pe number the pair\ncorrelation functions are close to their equilibrium values, but as the Pe\nnumber increases, important deviations from equilibrium forms are observed.\nAlthough the attractive forces we employ are not strong enough to form\npermanent clusters, they do induce transient clusters whose behaviour is also\naffected by Pe number. In particular, clusters are more likely to fragment and\nless likely to aggregate at larger Pe numbers, and the probability of finding\nlarger clusters decreases with increasing Pe number. Interestingly, the\nlife-time of the clusters is more or less independent of Pe number in the range\nwe study. Instead, the change in cluster distribution occurs because larger\nclusters are less likely to form with increasing Pe number. These results\nillustrate some of the subtleties that occur in the crossover from equilibrium\nlike to purely non-equilibrium behaviour as the balance between convective and\nthermal forces changes.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in the Potts spin glass model: We have studied the Potts spin glass with 2-state Ising spins and s-state\nPotts variables using a cluster Monte Carlo dynamics. The model recovers the +-\nJ Ising spin glass (SG) for s=1 and exhibits for all s a SG transition at\nT_{SG}(s) and a percolation transition at higher temperature T_p(s). We have\nshown that for all values of $s\\neq 1$ at T_p(s) there is a thermodynamical\ntransition in the universality class of a ferromagnetic s-state Potts model.\nThe efficiency of the cluster dynamics is compared with that of standard spin\nflip dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ergodic transitions in continuous-time random walks: We consider continuous-time random walk models described by arbitrary sojourn\ntime probability density functions. We find a general expression for the\ndistribution of time-averaged observables for such systems, generalizing some\nrecent results presented in the literature. For the case where sojourn times\nare identically distributed independent random variables, our results shed some\nlight on the recently proposed transitions between ergodic and weakly\nnonergodic regimes. On the other hand, for the case of non-identical trapping\ntime densities over the lattice points, the distribution of time-averaged\nobservables reveals that such systems are typically nonergodic, in agreement\nwith some recent experimental evidences on the statistics of blinking quantum\ndots. Some explicit examples are considered in detail. Our results are\nindependent of the lattice topology and dimensionality.",
        "positive": "Infomechanics of Independent and Identically Distributed Particles: The paper moves a step towards the full integration of statistical mechanics\nand information theory. Starting from the assumption that the thermodynamical\nsystem is composed by particles whose quantized energies can be modelled as\nindependent and identically distributed random variables, the paper proposes an\napproach whose cornerstones are the information-theoretic typical set and the\nconditional equiprobability of microstates given certain macrostates of the\nsystem. When taken together, these two concepts explain why the standard\nassumption of equally probable microstates is non-necessary (if not misleading)\nand show that the celebrated Boltzmann-Planck entropy is indeed a conditional\nentropy with deterministic condition. Several new specific results of physical\nrelevance are derived from this approach, among which are the probability\ndistribution of the occupancy numbers of the energy levels and an exact formula\nfor the ideal gas in a container that gives the entropy of the gas also at low\ntemperature. These specific results are pieces of a self-consistent and unified\nframework that encompasses the cases of low and high temperature, of indexed\nand non-indexed particles, of small and large number of particles, of\nmicrocanonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comments on \"On the application of the Gallavotti--Cohen fluctuation\n  relation to thermostatted steady states near equilibrium\": The various versions of cond-mat/0312353 discuss results obtained by\nme&coworkers in the last decade. I have received requests to comment on the\npaper and the comments are collected here, including some that I tried to point\nin the course of discussions that can be found in the web page\nhttp://ipparco.roma1.infn.it",
        "positive": "Spatial Extent of Branching Brownian Motion: We study the one dimensional branching Brownian motion starting at the origin\nand investigate the correlation between the rightmost ($X_{\\max}\\geq 0$) and\nleftmost ($X_{\\min} \\leq 0$) visited sites up to time $t$. At each time step\nthe existing particles in the system either diffuse (with diffusion constant\n$D$), die (with rate $a$) or split into two particles (with rate $b$). We focus\non the regime $b \\leq a$ where these two extreme values $X_{\\max}$ and\n$X_{\\min}$ are strongly correlated. We show that at large time $t$, the joint\nprobability distribution function (PDF) of the two extreme points becomes\nstationary $P(X,Y,t \\to \\infty) \\to p(X,Y)$. Our exact results for $p(X,Y)$\ndemonstrate that the correlation between $X_{\\max}$ and $X_{\\min}$ is nonzero,\neven in the stationary state. From this joint PDF, we compute exactly the\nstationary PDF $p(\\zeta)$ of the (dimensionless) span $\\zeta = {(X_{\\max} -\nX_{\\min})}/{\\sqrt{D/b}}$, which is the distance between the rightmost and\nleftmost visited sites. This span distribution is characterized by a linear\nbehavior ${p}(\\zeta) \\sim \\frac{1}{2} \\left(1 + \\Delta \\right) \\zeta$ for small\nspans, with $\\Delta = \\left(\\frac{a}{b} -1\\right)$. In the critical case\n($\\Delta = 0$) this distribution has a non-trivial power law tail ${p}(\\zeta)\n\\sim 8 \\pi \\sqrt{3} /\\zeta^3$ for large spans. On the other hand, in the\nsubcritical case ($\\Delta > 0$), we show that the span distribution decays\nexponentially as ${p}(\\zeta) \\sim (A^2/2) \\zeta \\exp \\left(-\n\\sqrt{\\Delta}~\\zeta\\right)$ for large spans, where $A$ is a non-trivial\nfunction of $\\Delta$ which we compute exactly. We show that these asymptotic\nbehaviors carry the signatures of the correlation between $X_{\\max}$ and\n$X_{\\min}$. Finally we verify our results via direct Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Defining statistical ensembles of random graphs: The problem of defining a statistical ensemble of random graphs with an\narbitrary connectivity distribution is discussed. Introducing such an ensemble\nis a step towards uderstanding the geometry of wide classes of graphs\nindependently of any specific model. This research was triggered by the recent\ninterest in the so-called scale-free networks.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in Thirring's model: In his pioneering work on negative specific heat, Walter Thirring\nin\\-tro\\-duced a model that is solvable in the microcanonical ensemble. Here,\nwe give a complete description of the phase-diagram of this model in both the\nmicrocanonical and the canonical ensemble, highlighting the main features of\nensemble inequivalence. In both ensembles, we find a line of first-order phase\ntransitions which ends in a critical point. However, neither the line nor the\npoint have the same location in the phase-diagram of the two ensembles. We also\nshow that the microcanonical and canonical critical points can be analytically\nrelated to each other using a Landau expansion of entropy and free energy,\nrespectively, in analogy with what has been done in [O. Cohen, D. Mukamel, J.\nStat. Mech., P12017 (2012)]. Examples of systems with certain symmetries\nrestricting the Landau expansion have been considered in this reference, while\nno such restrictions are present in Thirring's model. This leads to a phase\ndiagram that can be seen as a prototype for what happens in systems of\nparticles with kinematic degrees of freedom dominated by long-range\ninteractions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Disorder from Disorder in a Strongly Frustrated Transverse Field Ising\n  Chain: We study a one-dimensional chain of corner-sharing triangles with\nantiferromagnetic Ising interactions along its bonds. Classically, this system\nis highly frustrated with an extensive entropy at T = 0 and exponentially\ndecaying spin correlations. We show that the introduction of a quantum\ndynmamics via a transverse magnetic field removes the entropy and opens a gap,\nbut leaves the ground state disordered at all values of the transverse field,\nthereby providing an analog of the \"disorder by disorder\" scenario first\nproposed by Anderson and Fazekas in their search for resonating valence bond\nstates. Our conclusion relies on exact diagonalization calculations as well as\non the analysis of a 14th order series expansion about the large transverse\nfield limit. This test suggests that the series method could be used to search\nfor other instances of quantum disordered states in frustrated transverse field\nmagnets in higher dimensions.",
        "positive": "Simulation of the two-dimensional Potts model using nonextensive\n  statistics: The standard Potts model is investigated in the framework of nonextensive\nstatistical mechanics. We performed Monte Carlo simulations on two-dimensional\nlattices with linear sizes ranging from 16 to 64 using the Metropolis\nalgorithm, where the classical Boltzmann-Gibbs transition probabilities were\nmodified for the nonextensive case. We found that the Potts model undergoes a\nphase transition in the nonextensive scenario. We established the order of the\nphase transition and we computed the critical temperature for different values\nof the Tsallis entropic index."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation Transition in Polydisperse Hard Rods: We study a mass transport model, where spherical particles diffusing on a\nring can stochastically exchange volume $v$, with the constraint of a fixed\ntotal volume $V=\\sum_{i=1}^N v_i$, $N$ being the total number of particles. The\nparticles, referred to as $p$-spheres, have a linear size that behaves as\n$v_i^{1/p}$ and our model thus represents a gas of polydisperse hard rods with\nvariable diameters $v_i^{1/p}$. We show that our model admits a factorized\nsteady state distribution which provides the size distribution that minimizes\nthe free energy of a polydisperse hard rod system, under the constraints of\nfixed $N$ and $V$. Complementary approaches (explicit construction of the\nsteady state distribution on the one hand ; density functional theory on the\nother hand) completely and consistently specify the behaviour of the system. A\nreal space condensation transition is shown to take place for $p>1$: beyond a\ncritical density a macroscopic aggregate is formed and coexists with a critical\nfluid phase. Our work establishes the bridge between stochastic mass transport\napproaches and the optimal polydispersity of hard sphere fluids studied in\nprevious articles.",
        "positive": "Grassmann Variables and Exact Solutions for Two-Dimensional Dimer Models: We discuss some aspects of a new noncombinatorial fermionic approach to the\ntwo-dimensional dimer problem in statistical mechanics based on the integration\nover anticommuting Grassmann variables and factorization ideas for dimer\ndensity matrix. The dimer partition function can be expressed as a Gaussian\nfermionic integral. For regular lattices, the analytic solution then follows by\npassing to the momentum space for fermions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Using the s-Ensemble to Probe Glasses Formed by Cooling and Aging: From length scale distributions characterizing frozen amorphous domains, we\nrelate the s-ensemble method with standard cooling and aging protocols for\nforming glass. We show that in a general class of models, where space-time\nscaling is in harmony with that of experiment, the domain size distributions\nobtained with the s-ensemble are identical to those obtained through cooling or\naging, but the computational effort for applying the s-ensemble is generally\nmany orders of magnitude smaller than that of straightforward numerical\nsimulation of cooling or aging.",
        "positive": "Evolving networks with distance preferences: We study evolving networks where new nodes when attached to the network form\nlinks with other nodes of preferred distances. A particular case is where\nalways the shortest distances are selected (``make friends with the friends of\nyour present friends''). We present simulation results for network parameters\nlike the first eigenvalue of the graph Laplacian (synchronizability),\nclustering coefficients, average distances, and degree distributions for\ndifferent distance preferences and compare with the parameter values for random\nand scale free networks. We find that for the shortest distance rule we obtain\na power law degree distribution as in scale free networks, while the other\nparameters are significantly different, especially the clustering coefficient."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Fluctuation Theorem Uncertainty Relation\" and \"Thermodynamic\n  Uncertainty Relations from Exchange Fluctuation Theorems\": In recent letter [Phys.~Rev.~Lett {\\bf 123}, 110602 (2019)], Y.~Hasegawa and\nT.~V.~Vu derived a thermodynamic uncertainty relation. But the bound of their\nrelation is loose. In this comment, through minor changes, an improved bound is\nobtained. This improved bound is the same as the one obtained in\n[Phys.~Rev.~Lett {\\bf 123}, 090604 (2019)] by A.~M.~Timpanaro {\\it et. al.},\nbut the derivation here is straightforward.",
        "positive": "Topological phase transition in coupled rock-paper-scissor cycles: A hallmark of topological phases is the occurrence of topologically protected\nmodes at the system`s boundary. Here we find topological phases in the\nantisymmetric Lotka-Volterra equation (ALVE). The ALVE is a nonlinear dynamical\nsystem and describes, e.g., the evolutionary dynamics of a rock-paper-scissors\ncycle. On a one-dimensional chain of rock-paper-scissor cycles, topological\nphases become manifest as robust polarization states. At the transition point\nbetween left and right polarization, solitonic waves are observed. This\ntopological phase transition lies in symmetry class $D$ within the \"ten-fold\nway\" classification as also realized by 1D topological superconductors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Generic Critical Behaviour for 2D Polymer Collapse: The nature of the theta point for a polymer in two dimensions has long been\ndebated, with a variety of candidates put forward for the critical exponents.\nThis includes those derived by Duplantier and Saleur (DS) for an exactly\nsolvable model. We use a representation of the problem via the $CP^{N-1}$ sigma\nmodel in the limit $N \\rightarrow 1$ to determine the stability of this\ncritical point. First we prove that the DS critical exponents are robust, so\nlong as the polymer does not cross itself: they can arise in a generic lattice\nmodel, and do not require fine tuning. This resolves a longstanding theoretical\nquestion. However there is an apparent paradox: two different lattice models,\napparently both in the DS universality class, show different numbers of\nrelevant perturbations, apparently leading to contradictory conclusions about\nthe stability of the DS exponents. We explain this in terms of subtle\ndifferences between the two models, one of which is fine-tuned (and not\nstrictly in the DS universality class). Next, we allow the polymer to cross\nitself, as appropriate e.g. to the quasi-2D case. This introduces an additional\nindependent relevant perturbation, so we do not expect the DS exponents to\napply. The exponents in the case with crossings will be those of the generic\ntricritical $O(n)$ model at $n=0$, and different to the case without crossings.\nWe also discuss interesting features of the operator content of the $CP^{N-1}$\nmodel. Simple geometrical arguments show that two operators in this field\ntheory, with very different symmetry properties, have the same scaling\ndimension for any value of $N$ (equivalently, any value of the loop fugacity).\nAlso we argue that for any value of $N$ the $CP^{N-1}$ model has a marginal\nparity-odd operator which is related to the loops' winding angle.",
        "positive": "Multi-point distribution for Gaussian non-equilibrium non-Markovian\n  observables: When analyzing experimental or simulation time-series data, the question\narises whether it is possible to tell from a one-dimensional time-dependent\ntrajectory whether the system is in equilibrium or not. We here consider the\nnon-equilibrium version of the generalized Langevin equation for a Gaussian\nobservable and show that i) the multi-point joint distribution solely depends\non the two-point correlation function and that ii) the two-point correlation\nfunction for a non-equilibrium process is identical to an equilibrium process\nwith uniquely determined parameters. Since the multi-point joint distribution\ncompletely characterizes the dynamics of an observable, this means that the\nnon-equilibrium character of a system, in contrast to its non-Markovianity,\ncannot be read off from a one-dimensional trajectory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Mott-like State of Molecules: We prepare a quantum state where each site of an optical lattice is occupied\nby exactly one molecule. This is the same quantum state as in a Mott insulator\nof molecules in the limit of negligible tunneling. Unlike previous Mott\ninsulators, our system consists of molecules which can collide inelastically.\nIn the absence of the optical lattice these collisions would lead to fast loss\nof the molecules from the sample. To prepare the state, we start from a Mott\ninsulator of atomic 87Rb with a central region, where each lattice site is\noccupied by exactly two atoms. We then associate molecules using a Feshbach\nresonance. Remaining atoms can be removed using blast light. Our method does\nnot rely on the molecule-molecule interaction properties and is therefore\napplicable to many systems.",
        "positive": "Tensor-network study of quantum phase transition on Sierpi\u0144ski fractal: The transverse-field Ising model on the Sierpi\\'nski fractal, which is\ncharacterized by the fractal dimension $\\log_2^{~} 3 \\approx 1.585$, is studied\nby a tensor-network method, the Higher-Order Tensor Renormalization Group. We\nanalyze the ground-state energy and the spontaneous magnetization in the\nthermodynamic limit. The system exhibits the second-order phase transition at\nthe critical transverse field $h_{\\rm c}^{~} = 1.865$. The critical exponents\n$\\beta \\approx 0.198$ and $\\delta \\approx 8.7$ are obtained. Complementary to\nthe tensor-network method, we make use of the real-space renormalization group\nand improved mean-field approximations for comparison."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enhancement of magnetic anisotropy barrier in long range interacting\n  spin systems: Magnetic materials are usually characterized by anisotropy energy barriers\nwhich dictate the time scale of the magnetization decay and consequently the\nmagnetic stability of the sample. Here we present a unified description, which\nincludes coherent rotation and nucleation, for the magnetization decay in\ngeneric anisotropic spin systems. In particular, we show that, in presence of\nlong range exchange interaction, the anisotropy energy barrier grows as the\nvolume of the particle for on site anisotropy, while it grows even faster than\nthe volume for exchange anisotropy, with an anisotropy energy barrier\nproportional to $V^{2-\\alpha/d}$, where $V$ is the particle volume, $\\alpha\n\\leq d $ is the range of interaction and $d$ is the embedding dimension. These\nresults shows a relevant enhancement of the anisotropy energy barrier w.r.t.\nthe short range case, where the anisotropy energy barrier grows as the particle\ncross sectional area for large particle size or large particle aspect ratio.",
        "positive": "Tethered Monte Carlo: Managing rugged free-energy landscapes with a\n  Helmholtz-potential formalism: Tethering methods allow us to perform Monte Carlo simulations in ensembles\nwith conserved quantities. Specifically, one couples a reservoir to the\nphysical magnitude of interest, and studies the statistical ensemble where the\ntotal magnitude (system+reservoir) is conserved. The reservoir is actually\nintegrated out, which leaves us with a fluctuation-dissipation formalism that\nallows us to recover the appropriate Helmholtz effective potential with great\naccuracy. These methods are demonstrating a remarkable flexibility. In fact, we\nillustrate two very different applications: hard spheres crystallization and\nthe phase transition of the diluted antiferromagnet in a field (the physical\nrealization of the random field Ising model). The tethered approach holds the\npromise to transform cartoon drawings of corrugated free-energy landscapes into\nreal computations. Besides, it reduces the algorithmic dynamic slowing-down,\nprobably because the conservation law holds non-locally."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reaction rates and the noisy saddle-node bifurcation: Renormalization\n  group for barrier crossing: Barrier crossing calculations in chemical reaction-rate theory typically\nassume that the barrier is large compared to the temperature. When the barrier\nvanishes, however, there is a qualitative change in behavior. Instead of\ncrossing a barrier, particles slide down a sloping potential. We formulate a\nrenormalization group description of this noisy saddle-node transition. We\nderive the universal scaling behavior and corrections to scaling for the mean\nescape time in overdamped systems with arbitrary barrier height. We also\ndevelop an accurate approximation to the full distribution of barrier escape\ntimes by approximating the eigenvalues of the Fokker-Plank operator as equally\nspaced. This lets us derive a family of distributions that captures the barrier\ncrossing times for arbitrary barrier height. Our critical theory draws links\nbetween barrier crossing in chemistry, the renormalization group, and\nbifurcation theory.",
        "positive": "Microscopic theory of non-adiabatic response in real and imaginary time: We present a general approach to describe slowly driven quantum systems both\nin real and imaginary time. We highlight many similarities, qualitative and\nquantitative, between real and imaginary time evolution. We discuss how the\nmetric tensor and the Berry curvature can be extracted from both real and\nimaginary time simulations as a response of physical observables. For quenches\nending at or near the quantum critical point, we show the utility of the\nscaling theory for detecting the location of the quantum critical point by\ncomparing sweeps at different velocities. We briefly discuss the universal\nrelaxation to equilibrium of systems after a quench. We finally review recent\ndevelopments of quantum Monte Carlo methods for studying imaginary-time\nevolution. We illustrate our findings with explicit calculations using the\ntransverse field Ising model in one dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Growth of entanglement of generic states under dual-unitary dynamics: Dual-unitary circuits are a class of locally-interacting quantum many-body\nsystems displaying unitary dynamics also when the roles of space and time are\nexchanged. These systems have recently emerged as a remarkable framework where\ncertain features of many-body quantum chaos can be studied exactly. In\nparticular, they admit a class of ``solvable\" initial states for which, in the\nthermodynamic limit, one can access the full non-equilibrium dynamics. This\nreveals a surprising property: when a dual-unitary circuit is prepared in a\nsolvable state the quantum entanglement between two complementary spatial\nregions grows at the maximal speed allowed by the local structure of the\nevolution. Here we investigate the fate of this property when the system is\nprepared in a generic pair-product state. We show that in this case the\nentanglement increment during a time step is sub-maximal for finite times,\nhowever, it approaches the maximal value in the infinite-time limit. This\nstatement is proven rigorously for dual-unitary circuits generating high enough\nentanglement, while it is argued to hold for the entire class.",
        "positive": "Lecture notes on Generalised Hydrodynamics: These are lecture notes for a series of lectures given at the Les Houches\nSummer School on Integrability in Atomic and Condensed Matter Physics, 30 July\nto 24 August 2018. The same series of lectures has also been given at the Tokyo\nInstitute of Technology, October 2019. I overview in a pedagogical fashion the\nmain aspects of the theory of generalised hydrodynamics, a hydrodynamic theory\nfor quantum and classical many-body integrable systems. Only very basic\nknowledge of hydrodynamics and integrable systems is assumed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of Noise on Entropy Evolution: We study the convergence properties of the conditional (Kullback-Leibler)\nentropy in stochastic systems. We have proved very general results showing that\nasymptotic stability is a necessary and sufficient condition for the monotone\nconvergence of the conditional entropy to its maximal value of zero.\nAdditionally we have made specific calculations of the rate of convergence of\nthis entropy to zero in a one-dimensional situations, illustrated by\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck and Rayleigh processes, higher dimensional situations, and a\ntwo dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with a stochastically perturbed\nharmonic oscillator and colored noise as examples. We also apply our general\nresults to the problem of conditional entropy convergence in the presence of\ndichotomous noise. In both the single dimensional and multidimensional cases we\nare to show that the convergence of the conditional entropy to zero is monotone\nand at least exponential. In the specific cases of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and\nRayleigh processes as well as the stochastically perturbed harmonic oscillator\nand colored noise examples, we have the rather surprising result that the rate\nof convergence of the entropy to zero is independent of the noise amplitude.",
        "positive": "Deformed Tsallis-statistics analysis of a complex nonlinear matter-field\n  system: We study, using information quantifiers, the dynamics generated by a special\nHamiltonian that gives a detailed account of the interaction between a\nclassical and a quantum system. The associated, very rich dynamics displays\nperiodicity, quasi-periodicity, not-boundedness, and chaotic regimes.\nChaoticity, together with complex behavior, emerge in the proximity of an\nunstable entirely quantum instance. Our goal is to compare the statistical\ndescription provided by Tsallis quantifiers vis a vis that obtained with\nShannon's entropy and Jensen's complexity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective temperatures of hot Brownian motion: We derive generalized Langevin equations for the translational and rotational\nmotion of a heated Brownian particle from the fluctuating hydrodynamics of its\nnon-isothermal solvent. The temperature gradient around the particle couples to\nthe hydrodynamic modes excited by the particle itself so that the resulting\nnoise spectrum is governed by a frequency-dependent temperature. We show how\nthe effective temperatures at which the article coordinates and (angular)\nvelocities appear to be thermalized emerge from this central quantity.",
        "positive": "Typical state of an isolated quantum system with fixed energy and\n  unrestricted participation of eigenstates: This work describes the statistics for the occupation numbers of quantum\nlevels in a large isolated quantum system, where all possible superpositions of\neigenstates are allowed, provided all these superpositions have the same fixed\nenergy. Such a condition is not equivalent to the conventional micro-canonical\ncondition, because the latter limits the participating eigenstates to a very\nnarrow energy window. The statistics is obtained analytically for both the\nentire system and its small subsystem. In a significant departure from the\nBoltzmann-Gibbs statistics, the average occupation numbers of quantum states\nexhibit in the present case weak algebraic dependence on energy. In the\nmacroscopic limit, this dependence is routinely accompanied by the condensation\ninto the lowest energy quantum state. This work contains initial numerical\ntests of the above statistics for finite systems, and also reports the\nfollowing numerical finding: When the basis states of large but finite random\nmatrix Hamiltonians are expanded in terms of eigenstates, the participation of\neigenstates in such an expansion obeys the newly obtained statistics. The above\nstatistics might be observable in small quantum systems, but for the\nmacroscopic systems, it rather reenforces doubts about self-sufficiency of\nnon-relativistic quantum mechanics for justifying the Boltzmann-Gibbs\nequilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Boltzmann Distribution for Systems out of Equilibrium: The Boltzmann distribution predicts the collective behavior of systems at\nthermodynamic equilibrium as a function of their constituent parts. Yet most\nsystems in nature are not at equilibrium, and a unified theory of their\nbehavior does not currently exist. Here, I show that the Boltzmann distribution\nis a special case of a general distribution that governs all stochastic\nsystems, even if far from equilibrium. The generalized Boltzmann distribution\nis explained as an analog of the voltage equation in electronics, where\nresistors, batteries, node voltages, and path currents correspond to\nequilibrium rate constants, driven rate constants, probabilities, and\nprobability flows, respectively. The general distribution recapitulates known\nproperties of weakly driven systems and enables new closed-form solutions for\nstrongly-driven systems. These solutions provide insight into fundamental\nlimits on system performance, and experimental data show that living systems\ncan operate at those limits. The formal mapping between non-equilibrium systems\nand electronic circuits may provide a unified framework to simplify,\nunderstand, and ultimately control the behavior of complex non-equilibrium\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Critical behavior of two-dimensional cubic and MN models in the\n  five-loop renormalization-group approximation: The critical thermodynamics of the two-dimensional N-vector cubic and MN\nmodels is studied within the field-theoretical renormalization-group (RG)\napproach. The beta functions and critical exponents are calculated in the\nfive-loop approximation and the RG series obtained are resummed using the\nBorel-Leroy transformation combined with the generalized Pad\\'e approximant and\nconformal mapping techniques. For the cubic model, the RG flows for various N\nare investigated. For N=2 it is found that the continuous line of fixed points\nrunning from the XY fixed point to the Ising one is well reproduced by the\nresummed RG series and an account for the five-loop terms makes the lines of\nzeros of both beta functions closer to each another. For the cubic model with\nN\\geq 3, the five-loop contributions are shown to shift the cubic fixed point,\ngiven by the four-loop approximation, towards the Ising fixed point. This\nconfirms the idea that the existence of the cubic fixed point in two dimensions\nunder N>2 is an artifact of the perturbative analysis. For the quenched dilute\nO(M) models ($MN$ models with N=0) the results are compatible with a stable\npure fixed point for M\\geq1. For the MN model with M,N\\geq2 all the\nnon-perturbative results are reproduced. In addition a new stable fixed point\nis found for moderate values of M and N."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local versus global interactions in nonequilibrium transitions: A model\n  of social dynamics: A nonequilibrium system of locally interacting elements in a lattice with an\nabsorbing order-disorder phase transition is studied under the effect of\nadditional interacting fields. These fields are shown to produce interesting\neffects in the collective behavior of this system. Both for autonomous and\nexternal fields, disorder grows in the system when the probability of the\nelements to interact with the field is increased. There exists a threshold\nvalue of this probability beyond which the system is always disordered. The\ndomain of parameters of the ordered regime is larger for nonuniform local\nfields than for spatially uniform fields. However, the zero field limit is\ndiscontinous. In the limit of vanishingly small probability of interaction with\nthe field, autonomous or external fields are able to order a system that would\nfall in a disordered phase under local interactions of the elements alone. We\nconsider different types of fields which are interpreted as forms of mass media\nacting on a social system in the context of Axelrod's model for cultural\ndissemination.",
        "positive": "Many-body correlations from integral geometry: In a recent letter we presented a framework for predicting the concentrations\nof many-particle local structures inside the bulk liquid as a route to\nassessing changes in the liquid approaching dynamical arrest. Central to this\nframework was the morphometric approach, a synthesis of integral geometry and\nliquid state theory, which has traditionally been derived from fundamental\nmeasure theory. We present the morphometric approach in a new context as a\ngeneralisation of scaled particle theory, and derive several morphometric\ntheories for hard spheres of fundamental and practical interest. Our central\nresult is a new theory which is particularly suited to the treatment of\nmany-body correlation functions in the hard sphere liquid, which we demonstrate\nby numerical tests against simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Novel type of phase transition in a system of self-driven particles: A simple model with a novel type of dynamics is introduced in order to\ninvestigate the emergence of self-ordered motion in systems of particles with\nbiologically motivated interaction. In our model particles are driven with a\nconstant absolute velocity and at each time step assume the average direction\nof motion of the particles in their neighborhood with some random perturbation\n($\\eta$) added. We present numerical evidence that this model results in a\nkinetic phase transition from no transport (zero average velocity, $| {\\bf v}_a\n| =0$) to finite net transport through spontaneous symmetry breaking of the\nrotational symmetry. The transition is continuous since $| {\\bf v}_a |$ is\nfound to scale as $(\\eta_c-\\eta)^\\beta$ with $\\beta\\simeq 0.45$.",
        "positive": "A New Blackbody Radiation Law Based on Fractional Calculus and its\n  Application to NASA COBE Data: By applying fractional calculus to the equation proposed by M. Planck in\n1900, we obtain a new blackbody radiation law described by a Mittag-Leffler\n(ML) function. We have analyzed NASA COBE data by means of a non-extensive\nformula with a parameter $(q-1)$, a formula proposed by Ertik et al. with a\nfractional parameter $(\\alpha-1)$, and our new formula including a parameter\n$(p-1)$, as well as the Bose-Einstein distribution with a dimensionless\nchemical potential $\\mu$. It can be said that one role of the fractional\nparameter $(p-1)$ is almost the same as that of chemical potential $(\\mu)$ as\nwell as that of the parameter $(q-1)$ in the non-extensive approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Membrane bound protein diffusion viewed by fluorescence recovery after\n  bleaching experiments : models analysis: Diffusion processes in biological membranes are of interest to understand the\nmacromolecular organisation and function of several molecules. Fluorescence\nRecovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) has been widely used as a method to\nanalyse this processes using classical Brownian diffusion model. In the first\npart of this work, the analytical expression of the fluorescence recovery as a\nfunction of time has been established for anomalous diffusion due to long\nwaiting times. Then, experimental fluorescence recoveries recorded in living\ncells on a membrane-bound protein have been analysed using three different\nmodels : normal Brownian diffusion, Brownian diffusion with an immobile\nfraction and anomalous diffusion due to long waiting times.",
        "positive": "Slow crossover from superdiffusion to diffusion in isotropic spin chains: Finite-temperature spin transport in integrable isotropic spin chains (i.e.,\nspin chains with continuous nonabelian symmetries) is known to be\nsuperdiffusive, with anomalous transport properties displaying remarkable\nrobustness to isotropic integrability-breaking perturbations. Using a\ndiscrete-time classical model, we numerically study the crossover to\nconventional diffusion resulting from both noisy and Floquet isotropic\nperturbations of strength $\\lambda$. We identify an anomalously-long crossover\ntime scale $t_\\star \\sim \\lambda^{-\\alpha}$ with $\\alpha \\approx 6$ in both\ncases. We discuss our results in terms of a kinetic theory of transport that\ncharacterizes the lifetimes of large solitons responsible for superdiffusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagram of the su(8) quantum spin tube: We calculate the phase diagram of an integrable anisotropic 3-leg quantum\nspin tube connected to the su(8) algebra. We find several quantum phase\ntransitions for antiferromagnetic rung couplings. Their locations are\ncalculated exactly from the Bethe Ansatz solution and we discuss the nature of\neach of the different phases.",
        "positive": "Transition between chaotic and stochastic universality classes of\n  kinetic roughening: The dynamics of non-equilibrium spatially extended systems are often\ndominated by fluctuations, due to e.g.\\ deterministic chaos or to intrinsic\nstochasticity. This reflects into generic scale invariant or kinetic roughening\nbehavior that can be classified into universality classes defined by critical\nexponent values and by the probability distribution function (PDF) of field\nfluctuations. Suitable geometrical constraints are known to change secondary\nfeatures of the PDF while keeping the values of the exponents unchanged,\ninducing universality subclasses. Working on the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation\nas a paradigm of spatiotemporal chaos, we show that the physical nature of the\nprevailing fluctuations (chaotic or stochastic) can also change the\nuniversality class while respecting the exponent values, as the PDF is\nsubstantially altered. This transition takes place at a non-zero value of the\nstochastic noise amplitude and may be suitable for experimental verification."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Annealing search of Ising spin glass ground state(s) with\n  tunable transverse & longitudinal fields: Here we first discuss briefly the quantum annealing technique. We then study\nthe quantum annealing of Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass model with the\ntuning of both transverse and longitudinal fields. Both the fields are\ntime-dependent and vanish adiabatically at the same time, starting from high\nvalues. We solve, for rather small systems, the time-dependent Schrodinger\nequation of the total Hamiltonian by employing a numerical technique. At the\nend of annealing we obtain the final state having high overlap with the exact\nground state(s) of classical spin glass system (obtained independently).",
        "positive": "A Monte Carlo investigation of the critical behavior of Stavskaya's\n  probabilistic cellular automaton: Stavskaya's model is a one-dimensional probabilistic cellular automaton (PCA)\nintroduced in the end of the 1960's as an example of a model displaying a\nnonequilibrium phase transition. Although its absorbing state phase transition\nis well understood nowadays, the model never received a full numerical\ntreatment to investigate its critical behavior. In this short article we\ncharacterize the critical behavior of Stavskaya's PCA by means of Monte Carlo\nsimulations and finite-size scaling analysis. The critical exponents of the\nmodel are calculated and indicate that its phase transition belongs to the\ndirected percolation universality class of critical behavior, as it would be\nexpected on the basis of the directed percolation conjecture. We also\nexplicitly establish the relationship of the model with the Domany-Kinzel PCA\non its directed site percolation line, a connection that seems to have gone\nunnoticed in the literature so far."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlocal stationary probability distributions and escape rates for an\n  active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particle: We evaluate the steady-state distribution and escape rate for an Active\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck Particle (AOUP) using methods from the theory of large\ndeviations. The calculation is carried out both for small and large memory\ntimes of the active force in one-dimension. We compare our results to those\nobtained in the literature about colored noise processes, and we emphasize\ntheir relevance for the field of active matter. In particular, we stress that\ncontrary to equilibrium particles, the invariant measure of such an active\nparticle is a non-local function of the potential. This fact has many\ninteresting consequences, which we illustrate through two phenomena. First,\nactive particles in the presence of an asymmetric barrier tend to accumulate on\none side of the potential -a ratchet effect that was missing is previous\ntreatments. Second, an active particle can escape over a deep metastable state\nwithout spending any time at its bottom.",
        "positive": "Kibble-Zurek scalings and coarsening laws in slowly quenched classical\n  Ising chains: We consider a one-dimensional classical ferromagnetic Ising model when it is\nquenched from a low temperature to zero temperature in finite time using\nGlauber or Kawasaki dynamics. Most of the previous work on finite-time quenches\nassume that the system is initially in equilibrium and focus on the excess\ndefect density at the end of the quench which decays algebraically in quench\ntime with Kibble-Zurek exponent. Here we are interested in understanding the\nconditions under which the Kibble-Zurek scalings do not hold and in elucidating\nthe full dynamics of the defect density. We find that depending on the initial\nconditions and quench time, the dynamics of the defect density can be\ncharacterized by coarsening and/or the standard finite-time quench dynamics\ninvolving adiabatic evolution and Kibble-Zurek dynamics; the time scales for\ncrossover between these dynamical phases are determined by coarsening time and\nstationary state relaxation time. As a consequence, the defect density at the\nend of the quench is either a constant or decays following coarsening laws or\nKibble-Zurek scaling. For the Glauber chain, we formulate a low temperature\nscaling theory and find exact expressions for the final defect density for\nvarious initial conditions. For the Kawasaki chain where the dynamic exponents\nfor coarsening and stationary state dynamics are different, we verify the above\nfindings numerically and also examine the effect of unequal dynamic exponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometric magnetism in classical transport theory: The effective dynamics of a slow classical system coupled to a fast chaotic\nenvironment is described by means of a Master equation. We show how this\napproach permits a very simple derivation of geometric magnetism.",
        "positive": "The role of the nature of the noise in the thermal conductance of\n  mechanical systems: Focussing on a paradigmatic small system consisting of two coupled damped\noscillators, we survey the role of the L\\'evy-It\\^o nature of the noise in the\nthermal conductance. For white noises, we prove that the L\\'evy-It\\^o\ncomposition (Lebesgue measure) of the noise is irrelevant for the thermal\nconductance of a non-equilibrium linearly coupled chain, which signals the\nindependence between mechanical and thermodynamical properties. On the other\nhand, for the non-linearly coupled case, the two types of properties mix and\nthe explicit definition of the noise plays a central role."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structural and Dynamical Fingerprints of the Anomalous Dielectric\n  Properties of Water Under Confinement: There is a long-standing question about the molecular configuration of\ninterfacial water molecules in the proximity of solid surfaces, particularly\ncarbon atoms which play a crucial role in electrochemistry and biology. In this\nstudy, the dielectric, structural and dynamical properties of confined water\nplaced between two parallel graphene walls at different inter distances from\nthe Angstrom scale to few tens of nanometer have been investigated using\nmolecular dynamics. For dielectric properties of water, we show that the\nperpendicular component of water dielectric constant drastically decreases\nunder sub $2\\; nm$ spatial confinement. The achieved dielectric constant data\nthrough linear response and fluctuation-dissipation theory, are consistent with\nrecent reported experimental results. By determining the charge density as well\nas fluctuations in the number of atoms, we provide a molecular rationale for\nthe behavior of perpendicular dielectric response function. We also interpret\nthe behavior of the dielectric response in terms of the presence of dangling\nO-H bonds of waters. By examining the residence time and lateral diffusion\nconstant of water under confinement, we reveal that the water molecules tend to\nkeep their hydrogen bond networks at the interface of water-graphene. We also\nfound consistency between lateral diffusion and z-component of variance in the\ncenter of mass of the system as a function of confinement.",
        "positive": "Semi-flexible compact polymers in two dimensional nonhomogeneous\n  confinement: We have studied the compact phase conformations of semi-flexible polymer\nchains confined in two dimensional nonhomogeneous media, modelled by fractals\nthat belong to the family of modified rectangular (MR) lattices. Members of the\nMR family are enumerated by an integer $p$ $(2\\leq p<\\infty)$, and fractal\ndimension of each member of the family is equal to 2. The polymer flexibility\nis described by the stiffness parameter $s$, while the polymer conformations\nare modelled by weighted Hamiltonian walks (HWs). Applying an exact method of\nrecurrence equations we have found the asymptotic behavior of partition\nfunction $Z_N$ for closed HWs consisting of $N$ steps. We have established that\n$Z_N$ scales as $\\omega^N \\mu^{N^\\sigma}$, where the critical exponent $\\sigma$\nin the stretched exponential term does not depend on $s$, and takes the value\n1/2 for each fractal from the family. The constants $\\omega$ and $\\mu$ depend\non both $p$ and $s$, and, in addition, $\\mu$ depends on the parity of MR\ngenerator. Besides, we have calculated numerically the stiffness dependence of\nthe polymer persistence length and various thermodynamic quantities (such as\nfree and internal energy, specific heat and entropy), for a large set of\nmembers of MR family. We have found that semi-flexible compact polymers, on MR\nlattices, can exist only in the liquid-like (disordered) phase, whereas the\ncrystal (ordered) phase has not appeared. Finally, the behavior of examined\nsystem at zero temperature has been discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anisotropic Antiferromagnetic Spin Chains in a Transverse Field:\n  Reentrant Behavior of the Staggered Magnetization: We investigate one-dimensional S=1/2 and S=1 antiferromagnetic quantum spin\nchains with easy-axis anisotropies in a transverse field. We calculate both the\nuniform magnetization and the staggered magnetization, using a variant of the\ndensity matrix renormalization group method. We find that the staggered\nmagnetizations exhibit reentrant behavior as functions of the transverse field,\nwhere the competition between the classical Neel order and the quantum\nfluctuations plays an important role. We also discuss the critical behavior\nassociated with the staggered magnetizations.",
        "positive": "Magnetic behavior of a ferro-ferrimagnetic ternary alloy\n  AB$_\u03c1$C$_{1-\u03c1}$ with a selective site disorder: the case study of a\n  mixed-spin Ising model on a honeycomb lattice: Phase transitions, compensation phenomenon and magnetization of a\nferro-ferrimagnetic ternary alloy AB$_{\\rho}$C$_{1-\\rho}$ composed of three\ndifferent kinds of magnetic ions A, B and C with the spin magnitude 1/2, 1 and\n3/2 are examined within the framework of a mixed-spin Ising model on a\nhoneycomb lattice with a selective annealed site disorder on one of its two\nsublattices. It is supposed that the first sublattice of a bipartite honeycomb\nlattice is formed by the spin-1/2 magnetic ions, while the sites of the second\nsublattice are randomly occupied either by the spin-1 magnetic ions with a\nprobability $\\rho$ or the spin-3/2 magnetic ions with a probability $1-\\rho$,\nboth being subject to a uniaxial single-ion anisotropy. The model under\ninvestigation can be exactly mapped into an effective spin-1/2 Ising model on a\ntriangular lattice through the generalized star-triangle transformation. For a\nspecific concentration of the spin-1 (spin-3/2) magnetic ions, it is shown that\nthe ferro-ferrimagnetic version of the studied model may display a compensation\ntemperature at which the total magnetization vanishes below a critical\ntemperature. The critical temperature strikingly may also become independent of\nthe concentration of the randomly mixed spin-1 and spin-3/2 magnetic ions for a\nspecific value of a uniaxial single-ion anisotropy. The spontaneous magnetic\norder may be notably restored at finite temperatures through the\norder-by-disorder mechanism above a disordered ground state, which results in\nan anomalous temperature dependence of the total magnetization with double\nreentrant phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement spreading in a minimal model of maximal many-body quantum\n  chaos: The spreading of entanglement in out-of-equilibrium quantum systems is\ncurrently at the centre of intense interdisciplinary research efforts involving\ncommunities with interests ranging from holography to quantum information. Here\nwe provide a constructive and mathematically rigorous method to compute the\nentanglement dynamics in a class of \"maximally chaotic\", periodically driven,\nquantum spin chains. Specifically, we consider the so called \"self-dual\" kicked\nIsing chains initialised in a class of separable states and devise a method to\ncompute exactly the time evolution of the entanglement entropies of finite\nblocks of spins in the thermodynamic limit. Remarkably, these exact results are\nobtained despite the models considered are maximally chaotic: their spectral\ncorrelations are described by the circular orthogonal ensemble of random\nmatrices on all scales. Our results saturate the so called \"minimal cut\" bound\nand are in agreement with those found in the contexts of random unitary\ncircuits with infinite-dimensional local Hilbert space and conformal field\ntheory. In particular, they agree with the expectations from both the\nquasiparticle picture, which accounts for the entanglement spreading in\nintegrable models, and the minimal membrane picture, recently proposed to\ndescribe the entanglement growth in generic systems. Based on a novel\n\"duality-based\" numerical method, we argue that our results describe the\nentanglement spreading from any product state at the leading order in time when\nthe model is non-integrable.",
        "positive": "Phase Transitions in Semidefinite Relaxations: Statistical inference problems arising within signal processing, data mining,\nand machine learning naturally give rise to hard combinatorial optimization\nproblems. These problems become intractable when the dimensionality of the data\nis large, as is often the case for modern datasets. A popular idea is to\nconstruct convex relaxations of these combinatorial problems, which can be\nsolved efficiently for large scale datasets.\n  Semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxations are among the most powerful\nmethods in this family, and are surprisingly well-suited for a broad range of\nproblems where data take the form of matrices or graphs. It has been observed\nseveral times that, when the `statistical noise' is small enough, SDP\nrelaxations correctly detect the underlying combinatorial structures.\n  In this paper we develop asymptotic predictions for several `detection\nthresholds,' as well as for the estimation error above these thresholds. We\nstudy some classical SDP relaxations for statistical problems motivated by\ngraph synchronization and community detection in networks. We map these\noptimization problems to statistical mechanics models with vector spins, and\nuse non-rigorous techniques from statistical mechanics to characterize the\ncorresponding phase transitions. Our results clarify the effectiveness of SDP\nrelaxations in solving high-dimensional statistical problems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Code optimization, frozen glassy phase and improved decoding algorithms\n  for low-density parity-check codes: The statistical physics properties of low-density parity-check codes for the\nbinary symmetric channel are investigated as a spin glass problem with\nmulti-spin interactions and quenched random fields by the cavity method. By\nevaluating the entropy function at the Nishimori temperature, we find that\nirregular constructions with heterogeneous degree distribution of check (bit)\nnodes have higher decoding thresholds compared to regular counterparts with\nhomogeneous degree distribution. We also show that the instability of the\nmean-field calculation takes place only after the entropy crisis, suggesting\nthe presence of a frozen glassy phase at low temperatures. When no prior\nknowledge of channel noise is assumed (searching for the ground state), we find\nthat a reinforced strategy on normal belief propagation will boost the decoding\nthreshold to a higher value than the normal belief propagation. This value is\nclose to the dynamical transition where all local search heuristics fail to\nidentify the true message (codeword or the ferromagnetic state). After the\ndynamical transition, the number of metastable states with larger energy\ndensity (than the ferromagnetic state) becomes exponentially numerous. When the\nnoise level of the transmission channel approaches the static transition point,\nthere starts to exist exponentially numerous codewords sharing the identical\nferromagnetic energy.",
        "positive": "Universal bounds on optimization of free energy harvesting: Harvesting free energy from the environment is essential for the operation of\nmany biological and artificial systems. We investigate the maximum rate of\nharvesting achievable by optimizing a set of reactions in a Markovian system,\npossibly given topological, kinetic, and thermodynamic constraints. We show\nthat the maximum harvesting rate can be expressed as a variational principle,\nwhich we solve in closed-form for three physically meaningful regimes. Our\napproach is relevant for optimal design and for quantifying efficiency of\nexisting reactions. Our results are illustrated on bacteriorhodopsin, a\nlight-driven proton pump from Archae, which is found to be close to optimal\nunder realistic conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strong- and weak-universal critical behaviour of a mixed-spin Ising\n  model with triplet interactions on the Union Jack (centered square) lattice: The mixed spin-1/2 and spin-S Ising model on the Union Jack (centered square)\nlattice with four different three-spin (triplet) interactions and the uniaxial\nsingle-ion anisotropy is exactly solved by establishing a rigorous mapping\nequivalence with the corresponding zero-field (symmetric) eight-vertex model on\na dual square lattice. A rigorous proof of the aforementioned exact mapping\nequivalence is provided by two independent approaches exploiting either a\ngraph-theoretical or spin representation of the zero-field eight-vertex model.\nAn influence of the interaction anisotropy as well as the uniaxial single-ion\nanisotropy on phase transitions and critical phenomena is examined in\nparticular. It is shown that the considered model exhibits a strong-universal\ncritical behaviour with constant critical exponents when considering the\nisotropic model with four equal triplet interactions or the anisotropic model\nwith one triplet interaction differing from the other three. The anisotropic\nmodels with two different triplet interactions, which are pairwise equal to\neach other, contrarily exhibit a weak-universal critical behaviour with\ncritical exponents continuously varying with a relative strength of the triplet\ninteractions as well as the uniaxial single-ion anisotropy. It is evidenced\nthat the variations of critical exponents of the mixed-spin Ising models with\nthe integer-valued spins S differ basically from their counterparts with the\nhalf-odd-integer spins S.",
        "positive": "Non-ergodic transitions in many-body Langevin systems: a method of\n  dynamical system reduction: We study a non-ergodic transition in a many-body Langevin system. We first\nderive an equation for the two-point time correlation function of density\nfluctuations, ignoring the contributions of the third- and fourth-order\ncumulants. For this equation, with the average density fixed, we find that\nthere is a critical temperature at which the qualitative nature of the\ntrajectories around the trivial solution changes. Using a method of dynamical\nsystem reduction around the critical temperature, we simplify the equation for\nthe time correlation function into a two-dimensional ordinary differential\nequation. Analyzing this differential equation, we demonstrate that a\nnon-ergodic transition occurs at some temperature slightly higher than the\ncritical temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum spherical model with competing interactions: We analyze the phase diagram of a quantum mean spherical model in terms of\nthe temperature $T$, a quantum parameter $g$, and the ratio $p=-J_{2}/J_{1}$,\nwhere $J_{1}>0$ refers to ferromagnetic interactions between first-neighbor\nsites along the $d$ directions of a hypercubic lattice, and $J_{2}<0$ is\nassociated with competing antiferromagnetic interactions between second\nneighbors along $m\\leq d$ directions. We regain a number of known results for\nthe classical version of this model, including the topology of the critical\nline in the $g=0$ space, with a Lifshitz point at $p=1/4$, for $d>2$, and\nclosed-form expressions for the decay of the pair correlations in one\ndimension. In the T=0 phase diagram, there is a critical border,\n$g_{c}=g_{c}(p) $ for $d\\geq2$, with a singularity at the Lifshitz point if\n$d<(m+4)/2$. We also establish upper and lower critical dimensions, and analyze\nthe quantum critical behavior in the neighborhood of $p=1/4$.",
        "positive": "A multi-species asymmetric simple exclusion process and its relation to\n  traffic flow: Using the matrix product formalism we formulate a natural p-species\ngeneralization of the asymmetric simple exclusion process. In this model\nparticles hop with their own specific rate and fast particles can overtake slow\nones with a rate equal to their relative speed. We obtain the algebraic\nstructure and study the properties of the representations in detail. The\nuncorrelated steady state for the open system is obtained and in the ($p \\to\n\\infty)$ limit, the dependence of its characteristics on the distribution of\nvelocities is determined. It is shown that when the total arrival rate of\nparticles exceeds a certain value, the density of the slowest particles rises\nabroptly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized algebraic transformations and exactly solvable\n  classical-quantum models: The rigorous approach aimed at providing exact analytical results for hybrid\nclassical-quantum models is elaborated on the grounds of generalized algebraic\nmapping transformations. This conceptually simple method allows one to obtain\nnovel interesting exact results for the hybrid classical-quantum models, which\nmay for instance describe interacting many-particle systems composed of the\nclassical Ising spins and quantum Heisenberg spins, the localized Ising spins\nand delocalized electrons, or many other hybrid systems of a mixed\nclassical-quantum nature.",
        "positive": "First-order phase transitions in one-dimensional steady states: The steady states of the two-species (positive and negative particles)\nasymmetric exclusion model of Evans, Foster, Godreche and Mukamel are studied\nusing Monte Carlo simulations. We show that mean-field theory does not give the\ncorrect phase diagram. On the first-order phase transition line which separates\nthe CP-symmetric phase from the broken phase, the density profiles can be\nunderstood through an unexpected pattern of shocks. In the broken phase the\nfree energy functional is not a convex function but looks like a standard\nGinzburg-Landau picture. If a symmetry breaking term is introduced in the\nboundaries the Ginzburg-Landau picture remains and one obtains spinodal points.\nThe spectrum of the hamiltonian associated with the master equation was studied\nusing numerical diagonalization. There are massless excitations on the\nfirst-order phase transition line with a dynamical critical exponent z=2 as\nexpected from the existence of shocks and at the spinodal points where we find\n$z=1$. It is for the first time that this value which characterizes conformal\ninvariant equilibrium problems appears in stochastic processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nearly constant loss - the 2nd universality of AC conductivity by\n  scaling down subsequent random walk steps by 1/t^(1/2): In the frequency domain, the nearly constant loss, is characterized by a\nslope 1 in log of the real part of the electrical conductivity vs log frequency\nplots. It can be explained by an anomalous diffusion, defined by a random walk\nwith the mean square displacement proportional to the logarithm of time, rather\nthan being linearly proportional to time, as in normal diffusion. The present\nwork suggests a random walk algorithm that leads to anomalous, logarithmic time\ndependence. That has been accomplished by scaling down the subsequent random\nwalk displacements by a factor, 1/t^(1/2)",
        "positive": "Influence of Capillary Condensation on the Near-Critical Solvation Force: We argue that in a fluid, or magnet, confined by adsorbing walls which favour\nliquid, or (+) phase, the solvation (Casimir) force in the vicinity of the\ncritical point is strongly influenced by capillary condensation which occurs\nbelow the bulk critical temperature T_c. At T slightly below and above T_c, a\nsmall bulk field h<0, which favours gas, or (-) phase, leads to residual\ncondensation and a solvation force which is much more attractive (at the same\nlarge wall separation) than that found exactly at the critical point. Our\npredictions are supported by results obtained from density-matrix\nrenormalization-group calculations in a two-dimensional Ising strip subject to\nidentical surface fields."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On Critical Exponents and the Renormalization of the Coupling Constant\n  in Growth Models with Surface Diffusion: It is shown by the method of renormalized field theory that in contrast to a\nstatement based on a mathematically ill-defined invariance transformation and\nfound in most of the recent publications on growth models with surface\ndiffusion, the coupling constant of these models renormalizes nontrivially.\nThis implies that the widely accepted supposedly exact scaling exponents are to\nbe corrected. A two-loop calculation shows that the corrections are small and\nthese exponents seem to be very good approximations.",
        "positive": "Geometric mutual information at classical critical points: A practical use of the entanglement entropy in a 1d quantum system is to\nidentify the conformal field theory describing its critical behavior. It is\nexactly $(c/3)\\ln \\ell$ for an interval of length $\\ell$ in an infinite system,\nwhere $c$ is the central charge of the conformal field theory. Here we define\nthe geometric mutual information, an analogous quantity for classical critical\npoints. We compute this for 2d conformal field theories in an arbitrary\ngeometry, and show in particular that for a rectangle cut into two rectangles,\nit is proportional to $c$. This makes it possible to extract $c$ in classical\nsimulations, which we demonstrate for the critical Ising and 3-state Potts\nmodels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "gTASEP with attraction interaction on lattices with open boundaries: We study a model of aggregation and fragmentation of clusters of particles on\nan open segment of a single-lane road. The particles and clusters obey the\nstochastic discrete-time discrete-space kinetics of the Totally Asymmetric\nSimple Exclusion Process (TASEP) with backward ordered sequential update\n(dynamics), endowed with two hopping probabilities, p and pm. The second\nmodified probability, pm, models a special kinematic interaction between the\nparticles belonging to the same cluster. This modification is called\ngeneralized TASEP (gTASEP) since it contains as special cases TASEP with\nparallel update and TASEP with backward ordered sequential update for specific\nvalues of the second hopping probability pm. We focus here on exemplifying the\neffect of the additional attraction interaction on the system properties in the\nnon-equilibrium steady state. We estimate various physical quantities (bulk\ndensity, density distribution, and the current) in the system and how they\nchange with the increase of pm (p < pm<1). Within a random walk theory we\nconsider the evolution of the gaps under different boundary conditions and\npresent space-time plots generated by MC simulations, illustrating the\napplicability of the random walk theory for the study of gTASEP.",
        "positive": "Large deviations of ergodic counting processes: a statistical mechanics\n  approach: The large-deviation method allows to characterize an ergodic counting process\nin terms of a thermodynamic frame where a free energy function determines the\nasymptotic non-stationary statistical properties of its fluctuations. Here, we\nstudy this formalism through a statistical mechanics approach, i.e., with an\nauxiliary counting process that maximizes an entropy function associated to the\nthermodynamic potential. We show that the realizations of this auxiliary\nprocess can be obtained after applying a conditional measurement scheme to the\noriginal ones, providing is this way an alternative measurement interpretation\nof the thermodynamic approach. General results are obtained for renewal\ncounting processes, i.e., those where the time intervals between consecutive\nevents are independent and defined by a unique waiting time distribution. The\nunderlying statistical mechanics is controlled by the same waiting time\ndistribution, rescaled by an exponential decay measured by the free energy\nfunction. A scale invariance, shift closure, and intermittence phenomena are\nobtained and interpreted in this context. Similar conclusions apply for\nnon-renewal processes when the memory between successive events is induced by a\nstochastic waiting time distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Test of Local Scale Invariance from the direct measurement of the\n  response function in the Ising model quenched to and to below $T_C$: In order to check on a recent suggestion that local scale invariance\n[M.Henkel et al. Phys.Rev.Lett. {\\bf 87}, 265701 (2001)] might hold when the\ndynamics is of Gaussian nature, we have carried out the measurement of the\nresponse function in the kinetic Ising model with Glauber dynamics quenched to\n$T_C$ in $d=4$, where Gaussian behavior is expected to apply, and in the two\nother cases of the $d=2$ model quenched to $T_C$ and to below $T_C$, where\ninstead deviations from Gaussian behavior are expected to appear. We find that\nin the $d=4$ case there is an excellent agreement between the numerical data,\nthe local scale invariance prediction and the analytical Gaussian\napproximation. No logarithmic corrections are numerically detected. Conversely,\nin the $d=2$ cases, both in the quench to $T_C$ and to below $T_C$, sizable\ndeviations of the local scale invariance behavior from the numerical data are\nobserved. These results do support the idea that local scale invariance might\nmiss to capture the non Gaussian features of the dynamics. The considerable\nprecision needed for the comparison has been achieved through the use of a fast\nnew algorithm for the measurement of the response function without applying the\nexternal field. From these high quality data we obtain $a=0.27 \\pm 0.002$ for\nthe scaling exponent of the response function in the $d=2$ Ising model quenched\nto below $T_C$, in agreement with previous results.",
        "positive": "Generalized Khinchin Theorem for a Class of Aging Processes: The Khinchin theorem provides the condition that a stationary process is\nergodic, in terms of the behavior of the corresponding correlation function.\nMany physical systems are governed by non-stationary processes in which\ncorrelation functions exhibit aging. We classify the ergodic behavior of such\nsystems and provide a generalization of Khinchin's theorem. Our work quantifies\ndeviations from ergodicity in terms of aging correlation functions. Using the\nframework of the fractional Fokker-Planck equation we obtain a simple\nanalytical expression for the two-time correlation function of the particle\ndisplacement in a general binding potential, revealing universality in the\nsense that the binding potential only enters into the prefactor through the\nfirst two moments of the corresponding Boltzmann distribution. We discuss\napplications to experimental data from systems exhibiting anomalous dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical theory of topological defects I: the multivalued solution of\n  the diffusion equation: Point-like topological defects are singular configurations that occur in a\nvariety of in and out of equilibrium systems with two-dimensional orientational\norder. As they are associated with a nonzero circuitation condition, the\npresence of defects induces a long-range perturbation of the orientation\nlandscape around them. The effective dynamics of defects is thus generally\ndescribed in terms of quasi-particles interacting through the orientation field\nthey produce, whose evolution in the simplest setting is governed by the\ndiffusion equation. Due to the multivalued nature of the orientation field, its\nexpression for a defect moving with an arbitrary trajectory cannot be obtained\nstraightforwardly and is often evaluated in the quasi-static approximation.\nHere, we instead propose an approach that allows to derive the exact expression\nfor the orientation created by multiple moving defects, which we find to depend\non their past trajectories and thus to be nonlocal in time. Performing various\nexpansions in relevant regimes, we show how improved approximations with\nrespect to the quasi-static defect solution can be obtained. Moreover, our\nresults lead to so far unnoticed structures in the orientation field of moving\ndefects which we discuss in light of existing experimental results.",
        "positive": "The self-organized critical forest-fire model on large scales: We discuss the scaling behavior of the self-organized critical forest-fire\nmodel on large length scales. As indicated in earlier publications, the\nforest-fire model does not show conventional critical scaling, but has two\nqualitatively different types of fires that superimpose to give the effective\nexponents typically measured in simulations. We show that this explains not\nonly why the exponent characterizing the fire-size distribution changes with\nincreasing correlation length, but allows also to predict its asymptotic value.\nWe support our arguments by computer simulations of a coarse-grained model, by\nscaling arguments and by analyzing states that are created artificially by\nsuperimposing the two types of fires."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wigner crystallization of electrons in a one-dimensional lattice: a\n  condensation in the space of states: We study the ground state of a system of spinless electrons interacting\nthrough a screened Coulomb potential in a lattice ring. By using analytical\narguments, we show that, when the effective interaction compares with the\nkinetic energy, the system forms a Wigner crystal undergoing a first-order\nquantum phase transition. This transition is a condensation in the space of the\nstates and belongs to the class of quantum phase transitions discussed in J.\nPhys.~A \\textbf{54}, 055005 (2021). The transition takes place at a critical\nvalue ${r_s}_{c}$ of the usual dimensionless parameter $r_s$ (radius of the\nvolume available to each electron divided by effective Bohr radius) for which\nwe are able to provide rigorous lower and upper bounds. For large screening\nlength these bounds can be expressed in a closed analytical form. Demanding\nMonte Carlo simulations allow to estimate ${r_s}_{c}\\simeq 2.3 \\pm 0.2$ at\nlattice filling $3/10$ and screening length 10 lattice constants. This value is\nwell within the rigorous bounds $0.7\\leq {r_s}_{c}\\leq 4.3$. Finally, we show\nthat if screening is removed after the thermodynamic limit has been taken,\n${r_s}_{c}$ tends to zero. In contrast, in a bare unscreened Coulomb potential,\nWigner crystallization always takes place as a smooth crossover, not as a\nquantum phase transition.",
        "positive": "Quantum phase transition of the transverse-field quantum Ising model on\n  scale-free networks: I investigate the quantum phase transition of the transverse-field quantum\nIsing model in which nearest neighbors are defined according to the\nconnectivity of scale-free networks. Using a continuous-time quantum Monte\nCarlo simulation method and the finite-size scaling analysis, I identify the\nquantum critical point and study its scaling characteristics. For the degree\nexponent $\\lambda=6$, I obtain results that are consistent with the mean-field\ntheory. For $\\lambda=4.5$ and $4$, however, the results suggest that the\nquantum critical point belongs to a non-mean-field universality class. The\ndeviation from the mean-field theory becomes more pronounced for smaller\n$\\lambda$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A stochastic analysis of the spatially extended May-Leonard model: Numerical studies of the May-Leonard model for cyclically competing species\nexhibit spontaneous spatial structures in the form of spirals. It is desirable\nto obtain a simple coarse-grained evolution equation describing spatio-temporal\npattern formation in such spatially extended stochastic population dynamics\nmodels. Extending earlier work on the corresponding deterministic system, we\nderive the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation as the effective representation of\nthe fully stochastic dynamics of this paradigmatic model for cyclic dominance\nnear its Hopf bifurcation, and for small fluctuations in the three-species\ncoexistence regime. The internal stochastic reaction noise is accounted for\nthrough the Doi-Peliti coherent-state path integral formalism, and subsequent\nmapping to three coupled non-linear Langevin equations. This analysis provides\nconstraints on the model parameters that allow time scale separation and in\nconsequence a further reduction to just two coarse-grained slow degrees of\nfreedom.",
        "positive": "The fundamental thermodynamic bounds on finite models: The minimum heat cost of computation is subject to bounds arising from\nLandauer's principle. Here, I derive bounds on finite modelling -- the\nproduction or anticipation of patterns (time-series data) -- by devices that\nmodel the pattern in a piecewise manner and are equipped with a finite amount\nof memory. When producing a pattern, I show that the minimum dissipation is\nproportional to the information in the model's memory about the pattern's\nhistory that never manifests in the device's future behaviour and must be\nexpunged from memory. I provide a general construction of model that allow this\ndissipation to be reduced to zero. By also considering devices that consume, or\neffect arbitrary changes on a pattern, I discuss how these finite models can\nform an information reservoir framework consistent with the second law of\nthermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density and bond-orientational relaxations in supercooled water: Recent computational studies have reported evidence of a metastable\nliquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) in molecular models of water under deeply\nsupercooled conditions. A competing hypothesis suggests, however, that\nnon-equilibrium artifacts associated with coarsening of the stable crystal\nphase have been mistaken for an LLPT in these models. Such artifacts are\nposited to arise due to a separation of time scales in which density\nfluctuations in the supercooled liquid relax orders of magnitude faster than\nthose associated with bond-orientational order. Here, we use molecular\nsimulation to investigate the relaxation of density and bond-orientational\nfluctuations in three molecular models of water (ST2, TIP5P and TIP4P/2005) in\nthe vicinity of their reported LLPT. For each model, we find that density is\nthe slowly relaxing variable under such conditions. We also observe similar\nbehavior in the coarse-grained mW model of water. Our findings therefore\nchallenge the key physical assumption underlying the competing hypothesis.e\nfind that density relaxes significantly faster than bond-orientational order,\nas incorrectly predicted by this competing hypothesis.",
        "positive": "Exact Mazur bounds in the pair-flip model and beyond: By mapping the calculation of Mazur bounds to the enumeration of walks on\nfractal structures, we present exact bounds on the late-time behavior of spin\nautocorrelation functions in models exhibiting pair-flip dynamics and more\ngeneral $p$-flip dynamics. While the pair-flip model is known to exhibit strong\nHilbert space fragmentation, the effect of its nonlocal conservation laws on\nautocorrelation functions has, thus far, only been calculated numerically,\nwhich has led to incorrect conclusions about their thermodynamic behavior.\nHere, using exact results, we prove that infinite-temperature autocorrelation\nfunctions exhibit infinite coherence times at the boundary, and that bulk Mazur\nbounds decay asymptotically as $1/\\sqrt{L}$, rather than $1/L$, as had\npreviously been thought. This result implies that the nonlocal conserved\noperators implied by $p$-flip dynamics have an important qualitative impact on\nbulk thermalization properties beyond the constraints imposed by local\nsymmetries alone."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "3DRISM Bridge Functional for the Aqueous Solutions of Carbon\n  Nanomaterials: In the paper a bridge functional for the closure relation of the\nthree-dimensional reference interaction model (3DRISM) equations is proposed.\nThe effectiveness of the bridge for the aqueous solutions of the carbon\nnanomaterials is tested. In the paper two classes of systems are investigated:\n(i) infinitely diluted aqueous solutions of the Lennard-Jones (LJ) spheres and\n(ii) infinitely diluted aqueous solution of the carbon nanotubes(CNT). The\nbridge functional is fitted to the molecular simulation data. It is shown that\nfor all the investigated systems the bridge functional can be approximated by\nthe exponential function which depends only on the solute/solvent size ratio.\nIt is shown that by using the proposed bridge functional is possible (i) to\npredict accurately the position of the first peak of the water oxygen density\ndistribution function (DDF) around the solute, (ii) to improve the accuracy of\nthe predictions of the first peak's height of the water oxygen DDF around the\nsolute (iii), to predict correctly the water hydrogen DDF behavior in the\nvicinity of the CNT.",
        "positive": "A generalized thermodynamics for power-law statistics: We show that there exists a natural way to define a condition of generalized\nthermal equilibrium between systems governed by Tsallis thermostatistics, under\nthe hypotheses that i) the coupling between the systems is weak, ii) the\nstructure functions of the systems have a power-law dependence on the energy.\nIt is found that the q values of two such systems at equilibrium must satisfy a\nrelationship involving the respective numbers of degrees of freedom. The\nphysical properties of a Tsallis distribution can be conveniently characterized\nby a new parameter eta which can vary between 0 and + infinite, these limits\ncorresponding respectively to the two opposite situations of a microcanonical\ndistribution and of a distribution with a predominant power-tail at high\nenergies. We prove that the statistical expression of the thermodynamic\nfunctions is univocally determined by the requirements that a) systems at\nthermal equilibrium have the same temperature, b) the definitions of\ntemperature and entropy are consistent with the second law of thermodynamics.\nWe find that, for systems satisfying the hypotheses i) and ii) specified above,\nthe thermodynamic entropy is given by Renyi entropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Regularities in football goal distributions: Besides of complexities concerning to football championships, it is\nidentified some regularities in them. These regularities refer to goal\ndistributions by goal-players and by games. In particular, the goal\ndistribution by goal-players it well adjusted by the Zipf-Mandelbrot law,\nsuggesting a conection with an anomalous decay.",
        "positive": "Conserved sandpile with a variable height restriction: We study a restricted-height version of the one-dimensional Oslo sandpile\nwith conserved density, using periodic boundary conditions. Each site has a\nlimiting height which can be either two or three. When a site reaches its\nlimiting height it becomes active and may topple, loosing two particles, which\nmove randomly to nearest-neighbor sites. After a site topples it is randomly\nassigned a new limiting height. We study the model using mean-field theory and\nMonte Carlo simulation, focusing on the quasi-stationary state, in which the\nnumber of active sites fluctuates about a stationary value. Using finite-size\nscaling analysis, we determine the critical particle density and associated\ncritical exponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inferring degree of nonextensivity for generalized entropies: The purpose of this note is to argue that degree of nonextensivity as given\nby Tsallis distribution obtained from maximum entropy principle has a different\norigin than nonextensivity inferred from pseudo-additive property of Tsallis\nentropy.",
        "positive": "Generalized Statistics Framework for Rate Distortion Theory: Variational principles for the rate distortion (RD) theory in lossy\ncompression are formulated within the ambit of the generalized nonextensive\nstatistics of Tsallis, for values of the nonextensivity parameter satisfying $\n0 < q < 1 $ and $ q > 1 $. Alternating minimization numerical schemes to\nevaluate the nonextensive RD function, are derived. Numerical simulations\ndemonstrate the efficacy of generalized statistics RD models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time Step Expansions and the Invariant Manifold Approach to Lattice\n  Boltzmann Models: The classical method for deriving the macroscopic dynamics of a lattice\nBoltzmann system is to use a combination of different approximations and\nexpansions. Usually a Chapman-Enskog analysis is performed, either on the\ncontinuous Boltzmann system, or its discrete velocity counterpart. Separately a\ndiscrete time approximation is introduced to the discrete velocity Boltzmann\nsystem, to achieve a practically useful approximation to the continuous system,\nfor use in computation. Thereafter, with some additional arguments, the\ndynamics of the Chapman-Enskog expansion are linked to the discrete time system\nto produce the dynamics of the completely discrete scheme. In this paper we put\nforward a different route to the macroscopic dynamics. We begin with the system\ndiscrete in both velocity space and time. We hypothesize that the alternating\nsteps of advection and relaxation, common to all lattice Boltzmann schemes,\ngive rise to a slow invariant manifold. We perform a time step expansion of the\ndiscrete time dynamics using the invariance of the manifold. Finally we\ncalculate the dynamics arising from this system. By choosing the fully discrete\nscheme as a starting point we avoid mixing approximations and arrive at a\ngeneral form of the microscopic dynamics up to the second order in the time\nstep. We calculate the macroscopic dynamics of two commonly used lattice\nschemes up to the first order, and hence find the precise form of the deviation\nfrom the Navier-Stokes equations in the dissipative term, arising from the\ndiscretization of velocity space. Finally we perform a short wave perturbation\non the dynamics of these example systems, to find the necessary conditions for\ntheir stability.",
        "positive": "Do attractive bosons condense?: Motivated by experiments on bose atoms in traps which have attractive\ninteractions (e.g. ^7Li), we consider two models which may be solved exactly.\nWe construct the ground states subject to the constraint that the system is\nrotating with angular momentum proportional to the number of atoms. In a\nconventional system this would lead to quantised vortices; here, for attractive\ninteractions, we find that the angular momentum is absorbed by the centre of\nmass motion. Moreover, the state is uncondensed and is an example of a\n`fragmented' condensate discussed by Nozi\\`eres and Saint James. The same\nmodels with repulsive interactions are fully condensed in the thermodynamic\nlimit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum-thermal fluctuations of effective macroparameters and their\n  correlations: The application of the conventional theory of macroparameter fluctuations has\nbeen shown to go beyond the framework of the thermodynamic description in a\nnumber of cases. The principles of the theory of quantum-thermal fluctuations\nof effective macroparameters and their correlations have been formulated. The\ntheory satisfies the applicability conditions of equilibrium thermodynamics and\nis based on effective macroparameters, which take the integral stochastic\naction of the environment into account at any temperatures. The correlator of\nconjugate macroparameters, namely, the effective entropy and the effective\ntemperature, has been calculated. The correlator was found to be proportional\nto the effective action which characterizes the stochastic environment. The\npair correlators for the conjugate effective parameters entropy-temperature and\ncoordinate-momentum have been demonstrated to depend linearly on the effective\naction, with their minimum values being determined by Planck's constant.",
        "positive": "Legendre transform structure and extremal properties of the relative\n  Fisher information: Variational extremization of the relative Fisher information (RFI, hereafter)\nis performed. Reciprocity relations, akin to those of thermodynamics are\nderived, employing the extremal results of the RFI expressed in terms of\nprobability amplitudes. A time independent Schr\\\"{o}dinger-like equation\n(Schr\\\"{o}dinger-like link) for the RFI is derived. The concomitant Legendre\ntransform structure (LTS, hereafter) is developed by utilizing a generalized\nRFI-Euler theorem, which shows that the entire mathematical structure of\nthermodynamics translates into the RFI framework, both for equilibrium and\nnon-equilibrium cases. The qualitatively distinct nature of the present results\n\\textit{vis-\\'{a}-vis} those of prior studies utilizing the Shannon entropy\nand/or the Fisher information measure (FIM, hereafter) is discussed. A\nprincipled relationship between the RFI and the FIM frameworks is derived. The\nutility of this relationship is demonstrated by an example wherein the energy\neigenvalues of the Schr\\\"{o}dinger-like link for the RFI is inferred solely\nusing the quantum mechanical virial theorem and the LTS of the RFI."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Logarithmically slow onset of synchronization: Here we investigate specifically the transient of a synchronizing system,\nconsidering synchronization as a relaxation phenomenon. The stepwise\nestablishment of synchronization is studied in the system of dynamically\ncoupled maps introduced by Ito & Kaneko (Phys. Rev. Lett., 88, 028701, 2001 &\nPhys. Rev. E, 67, 046226, 2003), where the plasticity of dynamical couplings\nmight be relevant in the context of neuroscience. We show the occurrence of\nlogarithmically slow dynamics in the transient of a fully deterministic\ndynamical system.",
        "positive": "Trapping Reactions with Randomly Moving Traps: Exact Asymptotic Results\n  for Compact Exploration: In a recent Letter Bray and Blythe have shown that the survival probability\nP(t) of an A particle diffusing with a diffusion coefficient D_A in a 1D system\nwith diffusive traps B is independent of D_A in the asymptotic limit t \\to\n\\infty and coincides with the survival probability of an immobile target in the\npresence of diffusive traps. Here we show that this remarkable behavior has a\nmore general range of validity and holds for systems of an arbitrary dimension\nd, integer or fractal, provided that the traps are \"compactly exploring\" the\nspace, i.e. the \"fractal\" dimension dw of traps' trajectories is greater than\nd. For the marginal case when dw = d, as exemplified here by conventional\ndiffusion in 2D systems, the decay form is determined up to a numerical factor\nin the characteristic decay time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium fluctuations in a metastable state of a Ginzburg-Landau\n  system: We calculate thermal fluctuation properties: volume-averaged order parameter,\nHelmholtz free and internal energies, and their variances of a supersaturated\ndisordered phase in the Gibbs canonical ensemble for an asymmetric (third-order\ninteractions), athermal (independence of the supersaturation and thermal noise)\neffective Hamiltonian. These properties are different from those of the\nsymmetric thermal one with the most important differences being the phase\ncoexistence and \"thermal expansion.\" The fluctuation properties of the system\nwere calculated theoretically, using the perturbation method, and numerically,\nusing the \"brute force\" simulations method. Overall, the numerical calculations\nmatch the theory within the accuracy of the numerical method. However, a\ndiscrepancy of the dependence of the internal energy and its variance on the\nsupersaturation exists. Results of the present study can be used for\ncalculations of the fluctuation properties of the systems and modeling of\nnucleation and other rare events in the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau\nmethod.",
        "positive": "Biased Percolation on Scale-free Networks: Biased (degree-dependent) percolation was recently shown to provide new\nstrategies for turning robust networks fragile and vice versa. Here we present\nmore detailed results for biased edge percolation on scale-free networks. We\nassume a network in which the probability for an edge between nodes $i$ and $j$\nto be retained is proportional to $(k_ik_j)^{-\\alpha}$ with $k_i$ and $k_j$ the\ndegrees of the nodes. We discuss two methods of network reconstruction,\nsequential and simultaneous, and investigate their properties by analytical and\nnumerical means. The system is examined away from the percolation transition,\nwhere the size of the giant cluster is obtained, and close to the transition,\nwhere nonuniversal critical exponents are extracted using the generating\nfunctions method. The theory is found to agree quite well with simulations. By\nintroducing an extension of the Fortuin-Kasteleyn construction, we find that\nbiased percolation is well described by the $q\\to 1$ limit of the $q$-state\nPotts model with inhomogeneous couplings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ageing, dynamical scaling and its extensions in many-particle systems\n  without detailed balance: Recent studies on the phenomenology of ageing in certain many-particle\nsystems which are at a critical point of their non-equilibrium steady-states,\nare reviewed. Examples include the contact process, the parity-conserving\nbranching-annihilating random walk, two exactly solvable particle-reaction\nmodels and kinetic growth models. While the generic scaling descriptions known\nfrom magnetic system can be taken over, some of the scaling relations between\nthe ageing exponents are no longer valid. In particular, there is no obvious\ngeneralization of the universal limit fluctuation-dissipation ratio. The form\nof the scaling function of the two-time response function is compared with the\nprediction of the theory of local scale-invariance.",
        "positive": "Mass condensation in one dimension with pair-factorized steady states: We consider stochastic rules of mass transport which lead to steady states\nthat factorize over the links of a one-dimensional ring. Based on the knowledge\nof the steady states, we derive the onset of a phase transition from a liquid\nto a condensed phase that is characterized by the existence of a condensate.\nFor various types of weight functions which enter the hopping rates, we\ndetermine the shape of the condensate, its scaling with the system size, and\nthe single-site mass distribution as characteristic static properties. As it\nturns out, the condensate's shape and its scaling are not universal, but depend\non the competition between local and ultralocal interactions. So we can tune\nthe shape from a delta-like envelope to a parabolic-like or a rectangular one.\nWhile we treat the liquid phase in the grand-canonical formalism, we develop a\ndifferent analytical approach for the condensed phase. Its predictions are well\nconfirmed by numerical simulations. Possible extensions to higher dimensions\nare indicated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Off equilibrium dynamics in disordered quantum spin chain: We study the non-equilibrium time evolution of the average transverse\nmagnetisation and end-to-end correlation functions of the random Ising quantum\nchain. Starting with fully magnetised states, either in the $x$ or $z$\ndirection, we compute numerically the average quantities. They show similar\nbehaviour to the homogeneous chain, that is an algebraic decay in time toward a\nstationary state. During the time evolution, the spatial correlations, measured\nfrom one end to the other of the chain, are building up and finally at long\ntime they reach a size-dependent constant depending on the distance from\ncriticality. Analytical arguments are given which support the numerical\nresults.",
        "positive": "Boundaries and unphysical fixed points in Dynamical Quantum Phase\n  Transitions: We show that dynamic quantum phase transitions (DQPT) in many situations\ninvolve renormalization group (RG) fixed points that are unphysical in the\ncontext of thermal phase transitions. In such cases, boundary conditions are\nshown to become relevant to the extent of even completely suppressing the bulk\ntransitions. We establish these by performing exact RG analysis of the quantum\nIsing model on scale-invariant lattices of different dimensions, and by\nanalyzing the zeros of the Loschmidt amplitude. Further corroboration of\nboundaries affecting the bulk transition comes from the three-state quantum\nPotts chain, for which we also show that the DQPT corresponds to a pair of\nperiod-2 fixed points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Density Matrix Renormalization Group technique with periodic\n  boundary conditions: The Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) method with periodic boundary\nconditions is introduced for two dimensional classical spin models. It is shown\nthat this method is more suitable for derivation of the properties of infinite\n2D systems than the DMRG with open boundary conditions despite the latter\ndescribes much better strips of finite width. For calculation at criticality,\nphenomenological renormalization at finite strips is used together with a\ncriterion for optimum strip width for a given order of approximation. For this\nwidth the critical temperature of 2D Ising model is estimated with seven-digit\naccuracy for not too large order of approximation. Similar precision is reached\nfor critical indices. These results exceed the accuracy of similar calculations\nfor DMRG with open boundary conditions by several orders of magnitude.",
        "positive": "Shannon versus Kullback-Leibler Entropies in Nonequilibrium Random\n  Motion: We analyze dynamical properties of the Shannon information entropy of a\ncontinuous probability distribution, which is driven by a standard diffusion\nprocess. This entropy choice is confronted with another option, employing the\nconditional Kullback-Leibler entropy. Both entropies discriminate among various\nprobability distributions, either statically or in the time domain. An\nasymptotic approach towards equilibrium is typically monotonic in terms of the\nKullback entropy. The Shannon entropy time rate needs not to be positive and is\na sensitive indicator of the power transfer processes (removal/supply) due to\nan active environment. In the case of Smoluchowski diffusions, the Kullback\nentropy time rate coincides with the Shannon entropy \"production\" rate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simplified nonlinear memory function for the dynamics of glass-forming\n  materials based on time-convolutionless mode-coupling theory: A simplified nonlinear memory function is proposed in the ideal\ntime-convolutionless mode-coupling theory equation to study the dynamics of\nglass-forming liquids. The numerical solutions are then compared with the\nsimulation results performed on fragile liquids and strong liquids. They are\nshown to recover the simulation results in a supercooled state well within\nerror, except at a $\\beta$-relaxation stage because of the ideal equation. A\ntemperature dependence of the nonlinearity $\\mu$ in the memory function then\nsuggests that the supercooled state must be clearly separated into two\nsubstates, a weakly supercooled state in which $\\mu$ increases rapidly as $T$\ndecreases and a deeply supercooled state in which $\\mu$ becomes constant up to\nthe glass transition as $T$ decreases. On the other hand, it is shown that in a\nglass state $\\mu$ increases rapidly as $T$ decreases, while it is constant in a\nliquid state. Thus, it is emphasized that the new model for the simplified\nmemory function is much more reasonable than the conventional one proposed\nearlier by the present author not only qualitatively but also quantitatively.",
        "positive": "Strongly enhanced inelastic collisions in a Bose-Einstein condensate\n  near Feshbach resonances: The properties of Bose-Einstein condensed gases can be strongly altered by\ntuning the external magnetic field near a Feshbach resonance. Feshbach\nresonances affect elastic collisions and lead to the observed modification of\nthe scattering length. However, as we report here, this is accompanied by a\nstrong increase in the rate of inelastic collisions. The observed three-body\nloss rate in a sodium Bose-Einstein condensation increased when the scattering\nlength was tuned to both larger or smaller values than the off-resonant value.\nThis observation and the maximum measured increase of the loss rate by several\norders of magnitude are not accounted for by theoretical treatments. The strong\nlosses impose severe limitations for using Feshbach resonances to tune the\nproperties of Bose-Einstein condensates. A new Feshbach resonance in sodium at\n1195 G was observed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interplay between percolation and glassiness in the random Lorentz gas: The random Lorentz gas (RLG) is a minimal model of transport in heterogeneous\nmedia. It also models the dynamics of a tracer in a glassy system. These two\nperspectives, however, are fundamentally inconsistent. Arrest in the former is\nrelated to percolation, and hence continuous, while glass-like arrest is\ndiscontinuous. In order to clarify the interplay between percolation and\nglassiness in the RLG, we consider its exact solution in the\ninfinite-dimensional $d\\rightarrow\\infty$ limit, as well as numerics in\n$d=2\\ldots 20$. We find that the mean field solutions of the RLG and glasses\nfall in the same universality class, and that instantonic corrections related\nto rare cage escapes destroy the glass transition in finite dimensions. This\nadvance suggests that the RLG can be used as a toy model to develop a\nfirst-principle description of hopping in structural glasses.",
        "positive": "Specific heat of the simple-cubic Ising model: We provide an expression quantitatively describing the specific heat of the\nIsing model on the simple-cubic lattice in the critical region. This expression\nis based on finite-size scaling of numerical results obtained by means of a\nMonte Carlo method. It agrees satisfactorily with series expansions and with a\nset of experimental results. Our results include a determination of the\nuniversal amplitude ratio of the specific-heat divergences at both sides of the\ncritical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy landscapes, scale-free networks and Apollonian packings: We review recent results on the topological properties of two spatial\nscale-free networks, the inherent structure and Apollonian networks. The\nsimilarities between these two types of network suggest an explanation for the\nscale-free character of the inherent structure networks. Namely, that the\nenergy landscape can be viewed as a fractal packing of basins of attraction.",
        "positive": "Eigenvector dynamics: theory and some applications: We propose a general framework to study the stability of the subspace spanned\nby $P$ consecutive eigenvectors of a generic symmetric matrix ${\\bf H}_0$, when\na small perturbation is added. This problem is relevant in various contexts,\nincluding quantum dissipation (${\\bf H}_0$ is then the Hamiltonian) and risk\ncontrol (in which case ${\\bf H}_0$ is the assets return correlation matrix). We\nspecialize our results for the case of a Gaussian Orthogonal ${\\bf H}_0$, or\nwhen ${\\bf H}_0$ is a correlation matrix. We illustrate the usefulness of our\nframework using financial data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Real time confinement following a quantum quench to a non-integrable\n  model: Light cone spreading of correlations and entanglement is a key feature of the\nnon-equilibrium quench dynamics of many-body quantum systems. First proposed\ntheoretically, it has been experimentally revealed in cold-atomic gases and it\nis expected to be a generic characteristic of any quench in systems with\nshort-range interactions and no disorder. Conversely, here we propose a\nmechanism that, through confinement of the elementary excitations, strongly\nsuppresses the light-cone spreading. Confinement is a celebrated concept in\nparticle physics, but it also exists in condensed matter systems, most notably\nin one spatial dimension where it has been experimentally observed. Our results\nare obtained for the Ising spin chain with transverse and longitudinal magnetic\nfield, but the proposed mechanism is of general validity since it is based on\nthe sole concept of confinement and it should be easily observed in cold atom\nexperiments.",
        "positive": "Complex Systems: A Survey: A complex system is a system composed of many interacting parts, often called\nagents, which displays collective behavior that does not follow trivially from\nthe behaviors of the individual parts. Examples include condensed matter\nsystems, ecosystems, stock markets and economies, biological evolution, and\nindeed the whole of human society. Substantial progress has been made in the\nquantitative understanding of complex systems, particularly since the 1980s,\nusing a combination of basic theory, much of it derived from physics, and\ncomputer simulation. The subject is a broad one, drawing on techniques and\nideas from a wide range of areas. Here I give a survey of the main themes and\nmethods of complex systems science and an annotated bibliography of resources,\nranging from classic papers to recent books and reviews."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A symmetry group of a Thue-Morse quasicrystal: We present a method of coding general self-similar structures. In particular,\nwe construct a symmetry group of a one-dimensional Thue-Morse quasicrystal,\ni.e., of a nonperiodic ground state of a certain translation-invariant,\nexponentially decaying interaction.",
        "positive": "Emergence of a bicritical end point in the random crystal field\n  Blume-Capel model: We obtain the phase diagram for the Blume-Capel model with bimodal\ndistribution for random crystal fields, in the space of three fields:\ntemperature, crystal field and magnetic field. We find that three critical\nlines meet at a tricritical point, but only for weak disorder. As disorder\nstrength increases there is no tricritical point in the phase diagram. We\ninstead find a bicritical end point, where only two of the critical lines meet\non a first order surface in the H=0 plane. For intermediate strengths of\ndisorder, the phase diagram has critical end points along with the bicritical\nend point. One needs to look at the phase diagram in the space of three fields\nto identify various such multicritical points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral Analysis by the Method of Consistent Constraints: Two major challenges of numeric analytic continuation---restoring the\nspectral density, $s(\\omega)$, from the corresponding Matsubara correlator,\n$g(\\tau)$---are (i) producing the most smooth/featureless answer for\n$s(\\omega)$ without compromising the error bars on $g(\\tau)$ and (ii)\nquantifying possible deviations of the produced result from the actual answer.\nWe introduce the method of consistent constraints that solves both problems.",
        "positive": "Interacting particles system revisited in the framework of the\n  q-deformed algebra: We discuss the possibility of interpreting a q-deformed non-interacting\nsystem as incorporating the effects of interactions among its particles. This\ncan be accomplished, for instance, in an ensemble of $q$-Bosons by means of the\nvirial expansion of a real gas in powers of the deformed parameter. The lowest\norder virial coefficient reduces to the case of the standard, non-interacting\nBose gas, while the higher order virial coefficients contain effects arising\nfrom the interaction. The same picture can be drawn in a quantum mechanical\nsystem where it is shown that the q-deformed momentum can be expanded in a\nseries contains high-order powers of the standard quantum phase-space\nvariables. Motivated by this result, we introduce, in the classical framework,\na transformation relating the momentum of a free system with the momentum of an\ninteracting system. It is shown that the canonical quantization applied to the\ninteracting system imply a q-deformed quantization for the free system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "3D wedge filling and 2D random-bond wetting: Fluids adsorbed in 3D wedges are shown to exhibit two types of continuous\ninterfacial unbinding corresponding to critical and tricritical filling\nrespectively. Analytic solution of an effective interfacial model based on the\ntransfer-matrix formalism allows us to obtain the asymptotic probability\ndistribution functions for the interfacial height when criticality and\ntricriticality are approached. Generalised random walk arguments show that, for\nsystems with short-ranged forces, the critical singularities at these\ntransitions are related to 2D complete and critical wetting with random bond\ndisorder respectively.",
        "positive": "Field-Induced Quantum Criticality of Systems with Ferromagnetically\n  Coupled Structural Spin Units: The field-induced quantum criticality of compounds with ferromagnetically\ncoupled structural spin units (as dimers and ladders) is explored by applying\nWilson's renormalization group framework to an appropriate effective action. We\ndetermine the low-temperature phase boundary and the behavior of relevant\nquantities decreasing the temperature with the applied magnetic field fixed at\nits quantum critical point value. In this context, a plausible interpretation\nof some recent experimental results is also suggested."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The critical Casimir force and its fluctuations in lattice spin models:\n  exact and Monte Carlo results: We present general arguments and construct a stress tensor operator for\nfinite lattice spin models. The average value of this operator gives the\nCasimir force of the system close to the bulk critical temperature $T_c$. We\nverify our arguments via exact results for the force in the two-dimensional\nIsing model, $d$-dimensional Gaussian and mean spherical model with $2<d<4$. On\nthe basis of these exact results and by Monte Carlo simulations for\nthree-dimensional Ising, XY and Heisenberg models we demonstrate that the\nstandard deviation of the Casimir force $F_C$ in a slab geometry confining a\ncritical substance in-between is $k_b T D(T)(A/a^{d-1})^{1/2}$, where $A$ is\nthe surface area of the plates, $a$ is the lattice spacing and $D(T)$ is a\nslowly varying nonuniversal function of the temperature $T$. The numerical\ncalculations demonstrate that at the critical temperature $T_c$ the force\npossesses a Gaussian distribution centered at the mean value of the force\n$<F_C>=k_b T_c (d-1)\\Delta/(L/a)^{d}$, where $L$ is the distance between the\nplates and $\\Delta$ is the (universal) Casimir amplitude.",
        "positive": "Mean field and Monte Carlo studies of the magnetization-reversal\n  transition in the Ising model: Detailed mean field and Monte Carlo studies of the dynamic\nmagnetization-reversal transition in the Ising model in its ordered phase under\na competing external magnetic field of finite duration have been presented\nhere. Approximate analytical treatment of the mean field equations of motion\nshows the existence of diverging length and time scales across this dynamic\ntransition phase boundary. These are also supported by numerical solutions of\nthe complete mean field equations of motion and the Monte Carlo study of the\nsystem evolving under Glauber dynamics in both two and three dimensions.\nClassical nucleation theory predicts different mechanisms of domain growth in\ntwo regimes marked by the strength of the external field, and the nature of the\nMonte Carlo phase boundary can be comprehended satisfactorily using the theory.\nThe order of the transition changes from a continuous to a discontinuous one as\none crosses over from coalescence regime (stronger field) to nucleation regime\n(weaker field). Finite size scaling theory can be applied in the coalescence\nregime, where the best fit estimates of the critical exponents are obtained for\ntwo and three dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A quantum phase transition implementation of quantum measurement: A model of quantum measurement, illustrated using the spin--boson model, is\nformulated in terms of a cascading pair of quantum phase transitions. The first\nproduces the desired superposition of macroscopic responses to the microscopic\nstate under investigation, while the second provides a mechanism for subsequent\n\"wavefunction collapse,\" suppressing superpositions of distinct macroscopic\nstates, producing instead a density matrix that implements the expected\nclassical observation outcome via the Born probability rule. Motivated by\nnumerous carefully designed measurements that may occur during the course of a\nquantum computation, effects of entanglement are investigated when the\nmeasurement is performed on only a subset of the microscopic degrees of\nfreedom.",
        "positive": "Universal construction of order parameters for translation-invariant\n  quantum lattice systems with symmetry-breaking order: For any translation-invariant quantum lattice system with a symmetry group G,\nwe propose a practical and universal construction of order parameters which\nidentify quantum phase transitions with symmetry-breaking order. They are\ndefined in terms of the fidelity between a ground state and its\nsymmetry-transformed counterpart, and are computed through tensor network\nrepresentations of the ground-state wavefunction. To illustrate our scheme, we\nconsider three quantum systems on an infinite lattice in one spatial dimension,\nnamely, the quantum Ising model in a transverse magnetic field, the quantum\nspin-1/2 XYX model in an external magnetic field, and the quantum spin-1 XXZ\nmodel with single-ion anisotropy. All these models have symmetry group Z_2 and\nexhibit broken-symmetry phases. We also discuss the role of the order\nparameters in identifying factorized states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A dynamical relation between dual finite temperature classical and zero\n  temperature quantum systems: quantum critical jamming and quantum dynamical\n  heterogeneities: Many electronic systems exhibit striking features in their dynamical response\nover a prominent range of experimental parameters. While there are empirical\nsuggestions of particular increasing length scales that accompany such\ntransitions, this identification is not universal. To better understand such\nbehavior in quantum systems, we extend a known mapping (earlier studied in\nstochastic, or supersymmetric, quantum mechanics) between finite temperature\nclassical Fokker-Planck systems and related quantum systems at zero temperature\nto include general non-equilibrium dynamics. Unlike Feynman mappings or\nstochastic quantization methods (or holographic type dualities), the classical\nsystems that we consider and their quantum duals reside in the same number of\nspace-time dimensions. The upshot of our exact result is that a Wick rotation\nrelates (i) dynamics in general finite temperature classical dissipative\nsystems to (ii) zero temperature dynamics in the corresponding dual many-body\nquantum systems. Using this correspondence, we illustrate that, even in the\nabsence of imposed disorder, many continuum quantum fluid systems (and possible\nlattice counterparts) may exhibit a zero-point \"quantum dynamical\nheterogeneity\" wherein the dynamics, at a given instant, is spatially\nnon-uniform. While the static length scales accompanying this phenomenon do not\nexhibit a clear divergence in standard correlation functions, the length scale\nof the dynamical heterogeneities can increase dramatically. We study \"quantum\njamming\" and illustrate how a hard core bosonic system may undergo a zero\ntemperature quantum critical metal-to-insulator-type transition with an\nextremely large effective dynamical exponent z>4 consistent with length scales\nthat increase far more slowly than the relaxation time as a putative critical\ntransition is approached. We suggest ways to analyze experimental data.",
        "positive": "Detecting Depinning and Nonequilibrium Transitions with Unsupervised\n  Machine Learning: Using numerical simulations of a model disk system, we demonstrate that a\nmachine learning generated order parameter can detect depinning transitions and\ndifferent dynamic flow phases in systems driven far from equilibrium. We\nspecifically consider monodisperse passive disks with short range interactions\nundergoing a depinning phase transition when driven over quenched disorder. The\nmachine learning derived order parameter identifies the depinning transition as\nwell as different dynamical regimes, such as the transition from a flowing\nliquid to a phase separated liquid-solid state that is not readily\ndistinguished with traditional measures such as velocity-force curves or\nVoronoi tessellation. The order parameter also shows markedly distinct behavior\nin the limit of high density where jamming effects occur. Our results should be\ngeneral to the broad class of particle-based systems that exhibit depinning\ntransitions and nonequilibrium phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microcanonical conditioning of Markov processes on time-additive\n  observables: The recent study by B. De Bruyne, S. N. Majumdar, H. Orland and G. Schehr\n[arXiv:2110.07573], concerning the conditioning of the Brownian motion and of\nrandom walks on global dynamical constraints over a finite time-window $T$, is\nreformulated as a general framework for the 'microcanonical conditioning' of\nMarkov processes on time-additive observables. This formalism is applied to\nvarious types of Markov processes, namely discrete-time Markov chains,\ncontinuous-time Markov jump processes and diffusion processes in arbitrary\ndimension. In each setting, the time-additive observable is also fully general,\ni.e. it can involve both the time spent in each configuration and the\nelementary increments of the Markov process. The various cases are illustrated\nvia simple explicit examples. Finally, we describe the link with the 'canonical\nconditioning' based on the generating function of the time-additive observable\nfor finite time $T$, while the regime of large time $T$ allows to recover the\nstandard large deviation analysis of time-additive observables via the deformed\nMarkov operator approach.",
        "positive": "Statistical characterization of the forces on spheres in an upflow of\n  air: The dynamics of a sphere fluidized in a nearly-levitating upflow of air were\npreviously found to be identical to those of a Brownian particle in a\ntwo-dimensional harmonic trap, consistent with a Langevin equation [Ojha {\\it\net al.}, Nature {\\bf 427}, 521 (2004)]. The random forcing, the drag, and the\ntrapping potential represent different aspects of the interaction of the sphere\nwith the air flow. In this paper we vary the experimental conditions for a\nsingle sphere, and report on how the force terms in the Langevin equation scale\nwith air flow speed, sphere radius, sphere density, and system size. We also\nreport on the effective interaction potential between two spheres in an upflow\nof air."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Determinant solution for the Totally Asymmetric Exclusion Process with\n  parallel update: We consider the totally asymmetric exclusion process in discrete time with\nthe parallel update. Constructing an appropriate transformation of the\nevolution operator, we reduce the problem to that solvable by the Bethe ansatz.\nThe non-stationary solution of the master equation for the infinite 1D lattice\nis obtained in a determinant form. Using a modified combinatorial treatment of\nthe Bethe ansatz, we give an alternative derivation of the resulting\ndeterminant expression.",
        "positive": "Quantum Statistical Mechanics. I. Decoherence, Wave Function Collapse,\n  and the von Neumann Density Matrix: The probability operator is derived from first principles for an equilibrium\nquantum system. It is also shown that the superposition states collapse into a\nmixture of states giving the conventional von Neumann trace form for the\nquantum average. The mechanism for the collapse is found to be quite general:\nit results from the conservation law for a conserved, exchangeable variable\n(such as energy) and the entanglement of the total system wave function that\nnecessarily follows. The relevance of the present results to the einselection\nmechanism for decoherence, to the quantum measurement problem, and to the\nclassical nature of the macroscopic world are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical exponents can be different on the two sides of a transition: A\n  generic mechanism: We present models where $\\gamma_+$ and $\\gamma_-$, the exponents of the\nsusceptibility in the high and low temperature phases, are generically\ndifferent. In these models, continuous symmetries are explicitly broken down by\ndiscrete anisotropies that are irrelevant in the renormalization-group sense.\nThe $\\mathbb{Z}_q$-invariant models are the simplest examples for two-component\norder parameters ($N=2$) and the icosahedral symmetry for $N=3$. We compute\naccurately $\\gamma_+ -\\gamma_-$ as well as the ratio $\\nu/\\nu'$ of the\nexponents of the two correlation lengths present for $T<T_c$.",
        "positive": "Nonmonotonic Effects of Migration in Subdivided Populations: The influence of migration on the stochastic dynamics of subdivided\npopulations is still an open issue in various evolutionary models. We develop\nhere a self-consistent mean-field-like method in order to determine the effects\nof migration on relevant nonequilibrium properties, such as the mean fixation\ntime. If evolution strongly favors coexistence of species (e.g., balancing\nselection), the mean fixation time develops an unexpected minimum as a function\nof the migration rate. Our analysis hinges only on the presence of a separation\nof time scales between local and global dynamics and therefore it carries over\nto other nonequilibrium processes in physics, biology, ecology, and social\nsciences."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Commitment versus persuasion in the three-party constrained voter model: In the framework of the three-party constrained voter model, where voters of\ntwo radical parties (A and B) interact with \"centrists\" (C and Cz), we study\nthe competition between a persuasive majority and a committed minority. In this\nmodel, A's and B's are incompatible voters that can convince centrists or be\nswayed by them. Here, radical voters are more persuasive than centrists, whose\nsub-population consists of susceptible agents C and a fraction zeta of centrist\nzealots Cz. Whereas C's may adopt the opinions A and B with respective rates\n1+delta_A and 1+delta_B (with delta_A>=delta_B>0), Cz's are committed\nindividuals that always remain centrists. Furthermore, A and B voters can\nbecome (susceptible) centrists C with a rate 1. The resulting competition\nbetween commitment and persuasion is studied in the mean field limit and for a\nfinite population on a complete graph. At mean field level, there is a\ncontinuous transition from a coexistence phase when\nzeta<Delta_c=delta_A/(1+delta_A) to a phase where centrism prevails when zeta>=\nDelta_c. In a finite population of size N, demographic fluctuations lead to\ncentrism consensus and the dynamics is characterized by the mean consensus time\ntau. Because of the competition between commitment and persuasion, here\nconsensus is reached much slower (zeta<Delta_c) or faster (zeta>=Delta_c) than\nin the absence of zealots (when tau\\simN). In fact, when zeta<Delta_c and there\nis an initial minority of centrists, the mean consensus time asymptotically\ngrows as tau\\simN^{-1/2} e^{N gamma}, where gamma is determined. The dynamics\nis thus characterized by a metastable state where the most persuasive voters\nand centrists coexist when delta_A>delta_B, whereas all species coexist when\ndelta_A=delta_B. When zeta>=Delta_c and the initial density of centrists is\nlow, one finds tau\\simln N (when N>>1). Our analytical findings are\ncorroborated by stochastic simulations.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic formalism and linear response theory for non-equilibrium\n  steady states: The accurate determination of transport coefficients in numerical simulations\nis becoming increasingly important in a wide range of applications. Here we\nconsider the linear response in systems driven away from thermal equilibrium\ninto a non-equilibrium steady state with non-vanishing entropy production rate.\nA simple derivation of a general response formula is presented. For Markov\nprocesses we explicitly construct the conjugate quantities and discuss their\nrelation with known response formulas. Emphasis is put on the formal analogy\nwith thermodynamic potentials and some consequences are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation theorem revisited: Recently the ``Fluctuation theorem'' has been criticized and incorrect\nincorrect contents have been atributed to it. Here I reestablish and comment\nthe original statements.",
        "positive": "Condensation in the zero range process: stationary and dynamical\n  properties: The zero range process is of particular importance as a generic model for\ndomain wall dynamics of one-dimensional systems far from equilibrium. We study\nthis process in one dimension with rates which induce an effective attraction\nbetween particles. We rigorously prove that for the stationary probability\nmeasure there is a background phase at some critical density and for large\nsystem size essentially all excess particles accumulate at a single, randomly\nlocated site. Using random walk arguments supported by Monte Carlo simulations,\nwe also study the dynamics of the clustering process with particular attention\nto the difference between symmetric and asymmetric jump rates. For the late\nstage of the clustering we derive an effective master equation, governing the\noccupation number at clustering sites."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective mapping of spin-1 chains onto integrable fermionic models. A\n  study of string and Neel correlation functions: We derive the dominant contribution to the large-distance decay of\ncorrelation functions for a spin chain model that exhibits both Haldane and\nNeel phases in its ground state phase diagram. The analytic results are\nobtained by means of an approximate mapping between a spin-1 anisotropic\nHamiltonian onto a fermionic model of noninteracting Bogolioubov quasiparticles\nrelated in turn to the XY spin-1/2 chain in a transverse field. This approach\nallows us to express the spin-1 string operators in terms of fermionic\noperators so that the dominant contribution to the string correlators at large\ndistances can be computed using the technique of Toeplitz determinants. As\nexpected, we find long-range string order both in the longitudinal and in the\ntransverse channel in the Haldane phase, while in the Neel phase only the\nlongitudinal order survives. In this way, the long-range string order can be\nexplicitly related to the components of the magnetization of the XY model.\nMoreover, apart from the critical line, where the decay is algebraic, we find\nthat in the gapped phases the decay is governed by an exponential tail\nmultiplied by algebraic factors. As regards the usual two points correlation\nfunctions, we show that the longitudinal one behaves in a 'dual' fashion with\nrespect to the transverse string correlator, namely both the asymptotic values\nand the decay laws exchange when the transition line is crossed. For the\ntransverse spin-spin correlator, we find a finite characteristic length which\nis an unexpected feature at the critical point. We also comment briefly the\nentanglement features of the original system versus those of the effective\nmodel. The goodness of the approximation and the analytical predictions are\nchecked versus density-matrix renormalization group calculations.",
        "positive": "Dynamical foundations of nonextensive statistical mechanics: We construct classes of stochastic differential equations with fluctuating\nfriction forces that generate a dynamics correctly described by Tsallis\nstatistics and nonextensive statistical mechanics. These systems generalize the\nway in which ordinary Langevin equations underly ordinary statistical mechanics\nto the more general nonextensive case. As a main example, we construct a\ndynamical model of velocity fluctuations in a turbulent flow, which generates\nprobability densities that very well fit experimentally measured probability\ndensities in Eulerian and Lagrangian turbulence. Our approach provides a\ndynamical reason why many physical systems with fluctuations in temperature or\nenergy dissipation rate are correctly described by Tsallis statistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One-Dimensional Random Walk in Multi-Zone Environment: We study a symmetric random walk (RW) in one spatial dimension in\nenvironment, formed by several zones of finite width, where the probability of\ntransition between two neighboring points and corresponding diffusion\ncoefficient are considered to be differently fixed. We derive analytically the\nprobability to find a walker at the given position and time. The probability\ndistribution function is found and has no Gaussian form because of properties\nof adsorption in the bulk of zones and partial reflection at the separation\npoints. Time dependence of the mean squared displacement of a walker is studied\nas well and revealed the transient anomalous behavior as compared with ordinary\nRW.",
        "positive": "Lieb-Schultz-Mattis Theorem in Open Quantum Systems: The Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) theorem provides a general constraint on\nquantum many-body systems and plays a significant role in the Haldane gap\nphenomena and topological phases of matter. Here, we extend the LSM theorem to\nopen quantum systems and establish a general theorem that restricts the steady\nstate and spectral gap of Liouvillians based solely on symmetry. Specifically,\nwe demonstrate that the unique gapped steady state is prohibited when\ntranslation invariance and U (1) symmetry are simultaneously present for\nnoninteger filling numbers. As an illustrative example, we find that no\ndissipative gap is open in the spin-1/2 dissipative Heisenberg model while a\ndissipative gap can be open in the spin-1 counterpart -- an analog of the\nHaldane gap phenomena in open quantum systems. Furthermore, we show that the\nLSM constraint manifests itself in a quantum anomaly of the dissipative form\nfactor of Liouvillians. We also find the LSM constraints due to symmetry\nintrinsic to open quantum systems, such as Kubo-Martin-Schwinger symmetry. Our\nwork leads to a unified understanding of phases and phenomena in open quantum\nsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-order directional ordering transition in the three-dimensional\n  compass model: We study the low-temperature properties of the classical three-dimensional\ncompass or $t_{2g}$ orbital model on simple-cubic lattices by means of\ncomprehensive large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. Our numerical results give\nevidence for a directionally ordered phase that is reached via a first-order\ntransition at the temperature $T_0 = 0.098328(3) J / k_{\\mathrm{B}}$. To obtain\nour results we employ local and cluster update algorithms, parallel tempering\nand multiple histogram reweighting as well as model-specific screw-periodic\nboundary conditions, which help counteract severe finite-size effects.",
        "positive": "Universal shape ratios for polymers grafted at a flat surface: We consider dilute non-adsorbed polymers grafted at an impenetrable surface\nand compute several quantities which characterize the polymer shape: the\nasphericity and the ratios of the eigenvalues of the radius-of-gyration tensor.\nThe results are only slightly different from those obtained for polymers in the\nbulk, showing that the surface has little influence on the polymer shape."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Assessing a Hydrodynamic Description for Instabilities in Highly\n  Dissipative, Freely Cooling Granular Gases: An intriguing phenomenon displayed by granular flows and predicted by\nkinetic-theory-based models is the instability known as particle \"clustering,\"\nwhich refers to the tendency of dissipative grains to form transient, loose\nregions of relatively high concentration. In this work, we assess a\nmodified-Sonine approximation recently proposed [Garz\\'o et al., Physica A 376,\n94 (2007)] for a granular gas via an examination of system stability. In\nparticular, we determine the critical length scale associated with the onset of\ntwo types of instabilities -vortices and clusters- via stability analyses of\nthe Navier-Stokes-order hydrodynamic equations by using the expressions of the\ntransport coefficients obtained from both the standard and the modified-Sonine\napproximations. We examine the impact of both Sonine approximations over a\nrange of solids fraction \\phi <0.2 for small restitution coefficients\ne=0.25--0.4, where the standard and modified theories exhibit discrepancies.\nThe theoretical predictions for the critical length scales are compared to\nmolecular dynamics (MD) simulations, of which a small percentage were not\nconsidered due to inelastic collapse. Results show excellent quantitative\nagreement between MD and the modified-Sonine theory, while the standard theory\nloses accuracy for this highly dissipative parameter space. The modified theory\nalso remedies a (highdissipation) qualitative mismatch between the standard\ntheory and MD for the instability that forms more readily. Furthermore, the\nevolution of cluster size is briefly examined via MD, indicating that\ndomain-size clusters may remain stable or halve in size, depending on system\nparameters.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of stochastic Turing machines: In analogy to Brownian computers we explicitly show how to construct\nstochastic models, which mimic the behaviour of a general purpose computer (a\nTuring machine). Our models are discrete state systems obeying a Markovian\nmaster equation, which are logically reversible and have a well-defined and\nconsistent thermodynamic interpretation. The resulting master equation, which\ndescribes a simple one-step process on an enormously large state space, allows\nus to thoroughly investigate the thermodynamics of computation for this\nsituation. Especially, in the stationary regime we can well approximate the\nmaster equation by a simple Fokker-Planck equation in one dimension. We then\nshow that the entropy production rate at steady state can be made arbitrarily\nsmall, but the total (integrated) entropy production is finite and grows\nlogarithmically with the number of computational steps."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficiency of a Brownian information machine: A Brownian information machine extracts work from a heat bath through a\nfeedback process that exploits the information acquired in a measurement. For\nthe paradigmatic case of a particle trapped in a harmonic potential, we\ndetermine how power and efficiency for two variants of such a machine operating\ncyclically depend on the cycle time and the precision of the positional\nmeasurements. Controlling only the center of the trap leads to a machine that\nhas zero efficiency at maximum power whereas additional optimal control of the\nstiffness of the trap leads to an efficiency bounded between 1/2, which holds\nfor maximum power, and 1 reached even for finite cycle time in the limit of\nperfect measurements.",
        "positive": "Heterogeneous aging in spin glasses: We introduce a set of theoretical ideas that form the basis for an analytical\nframework capable of describing nonequilibrium dynamics in glassy systems. We\ntest the resulting scenario by comparing its predictions with numerical\nsimulations of short-range spin glasses. Local fluctuations and responses are\nshown to be connected by a generalized local out-of-equilibrium\nfluctuation-dissipation relation. Scaling relationships are uncovered for the\nslow evolution of heterogeneities at all time scales."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo Sampling in Fractal Landscapes: We propose a flat-histogram Monte Carlo method to efficiently sample fractal\nlandscapes such as escape time functions of open chaotic systems. This is\nachieved by using a random-walk step which depends on the height of the\nlandscape via the largest Lyapunov exponent of the associated chaotic system.\nBy generalizing the Wang-Landau algorithm, we obtain a method which\nsimultaneously constructs the density of states (escape time distribution) and\nthe correct step-length distribution. As a result, averages are obtained in\npolynomial computational time, a dramatic improvement over the exponential\nscaling of traditional uniform sampling. Our results are not limited by the\ndimensionality of the phase space and are confirmed numerically for dimensions\nas large as 30.",
        "positive": "Thermalization process of a photo-generated plasma in semiconductors: The kinetics of ultra-fast processes which leads to the thermalization\ncondition of a photo-excited plasma in semiconductor systems is studied\ntheoretically. We analyze the time evolution of a carrier population generated\nby a finite optical pulse, from the beginning of the pulse until the time in\nwhich the carrier population reaches a quasi-equilibrium condition. We\ncalculate the energy fluxes caused by the main interaction mechanisms along the\ndifferent stages the system passes through. Our analysis is done by using a set\nof non-linear rate equations which govern the time evolution of the carrier\npopulation in the energy space. We consider the main interaction mechanisms,\nincluding dynamic screening and phonon population effects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How Popular is Your Paper? An Empirical Study of the Citation\n  Distribution: Numerical data for the distribution of citations are examined for: (i) papers\npublished in 1981 in journals which are catalogued by the Institute for\nScientific Information (783,339 papers) and (ii) 20 years of publications in\nPhysical Review D, vols. 11-50 (24,296 papers). A Zipf plot of the number of\ncitations to a given paper versus its citation rank appears to be consistent\nwith a power-law dependence for leading rank papers, with exponent close to\n-1/2. This, in turn, suggests that the number of papers with x citations, N(x),\nhas a large-x power law decay N(x)~x^{-alpha}, with alpha approximately equal\nto 3.",
        "positive": "Transport properties of diffusive particles conditioned to survive in\n  trapping environments: We consider a one-dimensional Brownian motion with diffusion coefficient $D$\nin the presence of $n$ partially absorbing traps with intensity $\\beta$,\nseparated by a distance $L$ and evenly spaced around the initial position of\nthe particle. We study the transport properties of the process conditioned to\nsurvive up to time $t$. We find that the surviving particle first diffuses\nnormally, before it encounters the traps, then undergoes a period of transient\nanomalous diffusion, after which it reaches a final diffusive regime. The\nasymptotic regime is governed by an effective diffusion coefficient\n$D_\\text{eff}$, which is induced by the trapping environment and is typically\ndifferent from the original one. We show that when the number of traps is\n\\emph{finite}, the environment enhances diffusion and induces an effective\ndiffusion coefficient that is systematically equal to $D_\\text{eff}=2D$,\nindependently of the number of the traps, the trapping intensity $\\beta$ and\nthe distance $L$. On the contrary, when the number of traps is \\emph{infinite},\nwe find that the environment inhibits diffusion with an effective diffusion\ncoefficient that depends on the traps intensity $\\beta$ and the distance $L$\nthrough a non-trivial scaling function $D_\\text{eff}=D \\mathcal{F}(\\beta L/D)$,\nfor which we obtain a closed-form. Moreover, we provide a rejection-free\nalgorithm to generate surviving trajectories by deriving an effective Langevin\nequation with an effective repulsive potential induced by the traps. Finally,\nwe extend our results to other trapping environments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Virial Theorem and Pressure Relation for a strongly\n  correlated Fermi gas: For a two-component Fermi gas in the unitarity limit (ie, with infinite\nscattering length), there is a well-known virial theorem, first shown by J. E.\nThomas et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 120402 (2005). A few people rederived this\nresult, and extended it to few-body systems, but their results are all\nrestricted to the unitarity limit. Here I show that there is a generalized\nvirial theorem for FINITE scattering lengths. I also generalize an exact result\nconcerning the pressure, first shown in cond-mat/0508320, to the case of\nimbalanced populations.",
        "positive": "Temporally correlated zero-range process with open boundaries: Steady\n  state and fluctuations: We study an open-boundary version of the on-off zero-range process introduced\nin Hirschberg et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 090602 (2009)]. This model includes\ntemporal correlations which can promote the condensation of particles, a\nsituation observed in real-world dynamics. We derive the exact solution for the\nsteady state of the one-site system, as well as a mean-field approximation for\nlarger one-dimensional lattices, and also explore the large-deviation\nproperties of the particle current. Analytical and numerical calculations show\nthat, although the particle distribution is well described by an effective\nMarkovian solution, the probability of rare currents differs from the\nmemoryless case. In particular, we find evidence for a memory-induced dynamical\nphase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How fast does a random walk cover a torus?: We present high statistics simulation data for the average time $\\langle\nT_{\\rm cover}(L)\\rangle$ that a random walk needs to cover completely a\n2-dimensional torus of size $L\\times L$. They confirm the mathematical\nprediction that $\\langle T_{\\rm cover}(L)\\rangle \\sim (L \\ln L)^2$ for large\n$L$, but the prefactor {\\it seems} to deviate significantly from the supposedly\nexact result $4/\\pi$ derived by A. Dembo {\\it et al.}, Ann. Math. {\\bf 160},\n433 (2004), if the most straightforward extrapolation is used. On the other\nhand, we find that this scaling does hold for the time $ T_{\\rm N(t)=1}(L)$ at\nwhich the average number of yet unvisited sites is 1, as also predicted\npreviously. This might suggest (wrongly) that $\\langle T_{\\rm cover}(L)\\rangle$\nand $T_{\\rm N(t)=1}(L)$ scale differently, although the distribution of\nrescaled cover times becomes sharp in the limit $L\\to\\infty$. But our results\ncan be reconciled with those of Dembo {\\it et al.} by a very slow and {\\it\nnon-monotonic} convergence of $\\langle T_{\\rm cover}(L)\\rangle/(L \\ln L)^2$, as\nhad been indeed proven by Belius {\\it et al.} [Prob. Theory \\& Related Fields\n{\\bf 167}, 1 (2014)] for Brownian walks, and was conjectured by them to hold\nalso for lattice walks.",
        "positive": "Finite Bath Fluctuation Theorem: We demonstrate that a Finite Bath Fluctuation Theorem of the Crooks type\nholds for systems that have been thermalized via weakly coupling it to a bath\nwith energy independent finite specific heat. We show that this theorem reduces\nto the known canonical and microcanonical fluctuation theorems in the two\nrespective limiting cases of infinite and vanishing specific heat of the bath.\nThe result is elucidated by applying it to a 2D hard disk colliding elastically\nwith few other hard disks in a rectangular box with perfectly reflecting walls."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Melting of the two-dimensional solid phase in the Gaussian-core model: A general theory for the melting of two dimensional solids explaining the\nuniversal and non-universal properties is an open problem up to date. Although\nthe celebrated KTHNY theory have been able to predict the critical properties\nof the melting transition in a variety cases, it is already known that it is\nnot able to capture the occurrence of first order transitions observed in\ncertain systems as well as it doesn't provide a clear way to calculate the\nmelting temperature for a specific model. In the present work we have developed\nan analytical method that combines Self Consistent Variational Approximation\nwith the Renormalization Group in order to deal simultaneously with the phonon\nfluctuations and the topological defects present in the melting process of two\ndimensional crystals. The method was applied with impressive success to the\nstudy of the phase diagram of the Gaussian-core model, capturing not only the\nreentrant feature of its 2D solid phase, but also the related critical\ntemperatures as a function of the density in quantitative detail. The developed\nmethod can be directly applied to study the melting of any hexagonal simple\ncrystal formed by particles interacting through any finite pairwise interaction\npotential. Additionally, it has the potential to explain the occurrence of\nfirst order transitions in the melting process of two dimensional crystals.",
        "positive": "Periodic steady state and interference in a periodically driven quantum\n  system: We study the coherent dynamics of a quantum many-body system subject to a\ntime-periodic driving. We argue that in many cases, destructive interference in\ntime makes most of the quantum averages time-periodic, after an initial\ntransient. We discuss in detail the case of a quantum Ising chain periodically\ndriven across the critical point, finding that, as a result of quantum\ncoherence, the system never reaches an infinite temperature state. Floquet\nresonance effects are moreover observed in the frequency dependence of the\nvarious observables, which display a sequence of well-defined peaks or dips.\nExtensions to non-integrable systems are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Renormalization Group Approach to Spontaneous Stochasticity: We develop a theoretical approach to ``spontaneous stochasticity'' in\nclassical dynamical systems that are nearly singular and weakly perturbed by\nnoise. This phenomenon is associated to a breakdown in uniqueness of solutions\nfor fixed initial data and underlies many fundamental effects of turbulence\n(unpredictability, anomalous dissipation, enhanced mixing). Based upon analogy\nwith statistical-mechanical critical points at zero temperature, we elaborate a\nrenormalization group (RG) theory that determines the universal statistics\nobtained for sufficiently long times after the precise initial data are\n``forgotten''. We apply our RG method to solve exactly the ``minimal model'' of\nspontaneous stochasticity given by a 1D singular ODE. Generalizing prior\nresults for the infinite-Reynolds limit of our model, we obtain the RG fixed\npoints that characterize the spontaneous statistics in the near-singular,\nweak-noise limit, determine the exact domain of attraction of each fixed point,\nand derive the universal approach to the fixed points as a singular\nlarge-deviations scaling, distinct from that obtained by the standard\nsaddle-point approximation to stochastic path-integrals in the zero-noise\nlimit. We present also numerical simulation results that verify our analytical\npredictions, propose possible experimental realizations of the ``minimal\nmodel'', and discuss more generally current empirical evidence for ubiquitous\nspontaneous stochasticity in Nature. Our RG method can be applied to more\ncomplex, realistic systems and some future applications are briefly outlined.",
        "positive": "The synchronizability of highly clustered scale-free networks: In this letter, we consider the effect of clustering coefficient on the\nsynchronizability of coupled oscillators located on scale-free networks. The\nanalytic result for the value of clustering coefficient aiming at a highly\nclustered scale-free network model, the Holme-Kim is obtained, and the\nrelationship between network synchronizability and clustering coefficient is\nreported. The simulation results strongly suggest that the more clustered the\nnetwork, the poorer its synchronizability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Formation of a metastable phase due to the presence of impurities: Phase transitions into a new phase that is itself metastable are common;\ninstead of the equilibrium phase nucleating a metastable phase does so. When\nthis occurs the system is sometimes said to be obeying Ostwald's rule. We show\nhow this can happen when there are impurities present that reduce the barrier\nto heterogeneous nucleation of the metastable phase. We do so by studying a\nPotts lattice model using Monte Carlo simulation. Thus, which phase forms\ndepends not only on the properties of the different phases but also on the\nimpurities present. Understanding why systems obey Ostwald's rule may therefore\nrequire a study of the impurities present.",
        "positive": "A Half-Century Research Footpath in Statistical Physics: We give an abridged account of a continued string of studies in condensed\nmatter physics and in complex systems that span five decades. We provide links\nto access abstracts and full texts of a selected list of publications. The\nstudies were carried out within a framework of methods and models, some\ndeveloped in situ, of stochastic processes, statistical mechanics and nonlinear\ndynamics. The topics, techniques and outcomes reflect evolving interests of the\ncommunity but also show a particular character that privileges the use of\nanalogies or unusual viewpoints that unite the studies in distinctive ways. The\nstudies have been grouped into thirty sets and these, in turn, placed into\nthree collections according to the main underlying approach: stochastic\nprocesses, density functional theory, and nonlinear dynamics. We discuss the\nbody of knowledge created by these research lines in relation to theoretical\nfoundations and spread of subjects. We indicate unsuspected connections\nunderlying different aspects of these investigations and also point out both\nnatural and unanticipated perspectives for future developments. Finally, we\nrefer to our most important and recent contribution: An answer with a firm\nbasis to the long standing question about the limit of validity of ordinary\nstatistical mechanics and the pertinence of Tsallis statistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Suppression and Distortion of Non-Equilibrium Fluctuations by\n  Transpiration: A fluid in a non-equilibrium state exhibits long-ranged correlations of its\nhydrodynamic fluctuations. In this article, we examine the effect of a\ntranspiration interface on these correlations -- specifically, we consider a\ndilute gas in a domain bisected by the interface. The system is held in a\nnon-equilibrium steady state by using isothermal walls to impose a temperature\ngradient. The gas is simulated using both direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC)\nand fluctuating hydrodynamics (FHD). For the FHD simulations two models are\ndeveloped for the interface based on master equation and Langevin approaches.\nFor appropriate simulation parameters, good agreement is observed between DSMC\nand FHD results with the latter showing a significant advantage in\ncomputational speed. For each approach we quantify the effects of transpiration\non long-ranged correlations in the hydrodynamic variables.",
        "positive": "Energy Landscape of the Finite-Size Mean-field 2-Spin Spherical Model\n  and Topology Trivialization: Motivated by the recently observed phenomenon of topology trivialization of\npotential energy landscapes (PELs) for several statistical mechanics models, we\nperform a numerical study of the finite size $2$-spin spherical model using\nboth numerical polynomial homotopy continuation and a reformulation via\nnon-hermitian matrices. The continuation approach computes all of the complex\nstationary points of this model while the matrix approach computes the real\nstationary points. Using these methods, we compute the average number of\nstationary points while changing the topology of the PEL as well as the\nvariance. Histograms of these stationary points are presented along with an\nanalysis regarding the complex stationary points. This work connects topology\ntrivialization to two different branches of mathematics: algebraic geometry and\ncatastrophe theory, which is fertile ground for further interdisciplinary\nresearch."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Influence of phase-sensitive interaction on the decoherence process in\n  molecular systems: The character of the interaction between an impurity vibrational mode and a\nheat bath leads to certain peculiarities in the relaxational dynamics of the\nexcited states. We derive a non-Markovian equation of motion for the reduced\ndensity matrix of this system which is valid for initial, intermediate and\nkinetic stages of the relaxation. The linear phase-sensitive character of the\ninteraction ensures the ultrafast disappearance of the quantum interference of\nthe initially superpositional state and the effect of classical squeezing of\nthe initially coherent state. On the other hand, the second power interaction\ninduces a partial conservation of the quantum interference.",
        "positive": "Kinetics and thermodynamics of first-order Markov chain copolymerization: We report a theoretical study of stochastic processes modeling the growth of\nfirst-order Markov copolymers, as well as the reversed reaction of\ndepolymerization. These processes are ruled by kinetic equations describing\nboth the attachment and detachment of monomers. Exact solutions are obtained\nfor these kinetic equations in the steady regimes of multicomponent\ncopolymerization and depolymerization. Thermodynamic equilibrium is identified\nas the state at which the growth velocity is vanishing on average and where\ndetailed balance is satisfied. Away from equilibrium, the analytical expression\nof the thermodynamic entropy production is deduced in terms of the Shannon\ndisorder per monomer in the copolymer sequence. The Mayo-Lewis equation is\nrecovered in the fully irreversible growth regime. The theory also applies to\nBernoullian chains in the case where the attachment and detachment rates only\ndepend on the reacting monomer."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Homogeneous states in driven granular mixtures: Enskog kinetic theory\n  versus molecular dynamics simulations: The homogeneous state of a binary mixture of smooth inelastic hard disks or\nspheres is analyzed. The mixture is driven by a thermostat composed by two\nterms: a stochastic force and a drag force proportional to the particle\nvelocity. The combined action of both forces attempts to model the interaction\nof the mixture with a bath or surrounding fluid. The problem is studied by\nmeans of two independent and complementary routes. First, the Enskog kinetic\nequation with a Fokker-Planck term describing interactions of particles with\nthermostat is derived. The ratio of kinetic temperatures $T_1/T_2$ and the\nfourth-degree velocity moments $\\lambda_1$ and $\\lambda_2$ (which measure\nnon-Gaussian properties of $\\varphi_i$) are explicitly determined as a function\nof the mass ratio, size ratio, composition, density and coefficients of\nrestitution. Secondly, to assess the reliability of the theoretical results,\nmolecular dynamics simulations of a binary granular mixture of spheres are\nperformed for two values of the coefficient of restitution ($\\alpha=0.9$ and\n0.8) and three different solid volume fractions ($\\phi=0.00785$, 0.1 and 0.2).\nComparison between kinetic theory and computer simulations for the temperature\nratio shows excellent agreement, even for moderate densities and strong\ndissipation. In the case of the cumulants $\\lambda_1$ and $\\lambda_2$, good\nagreement is found for the lower densities although significant discrepancies\nbetween theory and simulation are observed with increasing density.",
        "positive": "Activity, diffusion, and correlations in a two-dimensional conserved\n  stochastic sandpile: We perform large-scale simulations of a two-dimensional restricted-height\nconserved stochastic sandpile, focusing on particle diffusion and mobility, and\nspatial correlations. Quasistationary (QS) simulations yield the critical\nparticle density to high precision [$p_c = 0.7112687(2)$], and show that the\ndiffusion constant scales in the same manner as the activity density, as found\npreviously in the one-dimensional case. Short-time scaling is characterized by\nsubdiffusive behavior (mean-square displacement $\\sim t^\\gamma$ with $\\gamma <\n1$), which is easily understood as a consequence of the initial decay of\nactivity, $\\rho(t) \\sim t^{-\\delta}$, with $\\gamma = 1- \\delta$. We verify that\nat criticality, the activity correlation function $C(r) \\sim\nr^{-\\beta/\\nu_\\perp}$, as expected at an absorbing-state phase transition. Our\nresults for critical exponents are consistent with, and somewhat more precise\nthan, predictions derived from the Langevin equation for stochastic sandpiles\nin two dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous processes with general waiting times: functionals and\n  multi-point structure: Many transport processes in nature exhibit anomalous diffusive properties\nwith non-trivial scaling of the mean square displacement, e.g., diffusion of\ncells or of biomolecules inside the cell nucleus, where typically a crossover\nbetween different scaling regimes appears over time. Here, we investigate a\nclass of anomalous diffusion processes that is able to capture such complex\ndynamics by virtue of a general waiting time distribution. We obtain a complete\ncharacterization of such generalized anomalous processes, including their\nfunctionals and multi-point structure, using a representation in terms of a\nnormal diffusive process plus a stochastic time change. In particular, we\nderive analytical closed form expressions for the two-point correlation\nfunctions, which can be readily compared with experimental data.",
        "positive": "The SIS process on Erd\u00f6s-R\u00e9nyi graphs: determining the infected\n  fraction: The SIS process on a graph poses many challenges. An important problem is to\nidentify characteristics of the metastable behaviour. Existing mean-field\nmethods (such as Heterogeneous Mean Field and the N-intertwined Mean Field\nApproximation) overestimate the metastable infected fraction, because they\nignore correlations. Especially in sparse graphs, this leads to serious\ninaccuracies. We propose quenched and annealed methods incorporating\ncorrelations and giving significantly more accurate approximations. We use the\nErd\\\"os-R\\'enyi graph as a test case, but the methods can be generalized\neasily. Our methods are computationally very friendly and can be applied to\nfairly large graphs, in contrast with some other second-order mean field\napproximations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The transition temperature of the dilute interacting Bose gas for $N$\n  internal degrees of freedom: We calculate explicitly the variation $\\delta T_c$ of the Bose-Einstein\ncondensation temperature $T_c$ induced by weak repulsive two-body interactions\nto leading order in the interaction strength. As shown earlier by general\narguments, $\\delta T_c/T_c$ is linear in the dimensionless product $an^{1/3}$\nto leading order, where $n$ is the density and $a$ the scattering length. This\nresult is non-perturbative, and a direct perturbative calculation of the\namplitude is impossible due to infrared divergences familiar from the study of\nthe superfluid helium lambda transition. Therefore we introduce here another\nstandard expansion scheme, generalizing the initial model which depends on one\ncomplex field to one depending on $N$ real fields, and calculating the\ntemperature shift at leading order for large $N$. The result is explicit and\nfinite. The reliability of the result depends on the relevance of the large $N$\nexpansion to the situation N=2, which can in principle be checked by systematic\nhigher order calculations. The large $N$ result agrees remarkably well with\nrecent numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Entanglement Entropy of Eigenstates of Quantum Chaotic Hamiltonians: In quantum statistical mechanics, it is of fundamental interest to understand\nhow close the bipartite entanglement entropy of eigenstates of quantum chaotic\nHamiltonians is to maximal. For random pure states in the Hilbert space, the\naverage entanglement entropy is known to be nearly maximal, with a deviation\nthat is, at most, a constant. Here we prove that, in a system that is away from\nhalf filling and divided in two equal halves, an upper bound for the average\nentanglement entropy of random pure states with a fixed particle number and\nnormally distributed real coefficients exhibits a deviation from the maximal\nvalue that grows with the square root of the volume of the system. Exact\nnumerical results for highly excited eigenstates of a particle number\nconserving quantum chaotic model indicate that the bound is saturated with\nincreasing system size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytical results for bond percolation and k-core sizes on clustered\n  networks: An analytical approach to calculating bond percolation thresholds, sizes of\n$k$-cores, and sizes of giant connected components on structured random\nnetworks with non-zero clustering is presented. The networks are generated\nusing a generalization of Trapman's [P. Trapman, Theor. Pop. Biol. {\\bf 71},\n160 (2007)] model of cliques embedded in tree-like random graphs. The resulting\nnetworks have arbitrary degree distributions and tunable degree-dependent\nclustering. The effect of clustering on the bond percolation thresholds for\nnetworks of this type is examined and contrasted with some recent results in\nthe literature. For very high levels of clustering the percolation threshold in\nthese generalized Trapman networks is increased above the value it takes in a\nrandomly-wired (unclustered) network of the same degree distribution. In\nassortative scale-free networks, where the variance of the degree distribution\nis infinite, this clustering effect can lead to a non-zero percolation\n(epidemic) threshold.",
        "positive": "Particle models with self sustained current: We present some computer simulations run on a stochastic CA (cellular\nautomaton). The CA simulates a gas of particles which are in a channel, the\ninterval $[1,L]$ in $\\mathbb Z$, but also in \"reservoirs\" $\\mathcal R_1$ and\n$\\mathcal R_2$. The evolution in the channel simulates a lattice gas with\nKawasaki dynamics with attractive Kac interactions, the temperature is chosen\nsmaller than the mean field critical one. There are also exchanges of particles\nbetween the channel and the reservoirs and among reservoirs. When the rate of\nexchanges among reservoirs is in a suitable interval the CA reaches an\napparently stationary state with a non zero current, for different choices of\nthe initial condition the current changes sign. We have a quite satisfactory\ntheory of the phenomenon but we miss a full mathematical proof."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slow dynamics at the smeared phase transition of randomly layered\n  magnets: We investigate a model for randomly layered magnets, viz. a three-dimensional\nIsing model with planar defects. The magnetic phase transition in this system\nis smeared because static long-range order can develop on isolated rare spatial\nregions. Here, we report large-scale kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of the\ndynamical behavior close to the smeared phase transition which we characterize\nby the spin (time) autocorrelation function. In the paramagnetic phase, its\nbehavior is dominated by Griffiths effects similar to those in magnets with\npoint defects. In the tail region of the smeared transition the dynamics is\neven slower: the autocorrelation function decays like a stretched exponential\nat intermediate times before approaching the exponentially small asymptotic\nvalue following a power law at late times. Our Monte-Carlo results are in good\nagreement with recent theoretical predictions based on optimal fluctuation\ntheory.",
        "positive": "Observing Algebraic Variety of Lee-Yang Zeros in Asymmetrical Systems\n  via a Quantum Probe: Lee-Yang (LY) zeros, points on the complex plane of physical parameters where\nthe partition function goes to zero, have found diverse applications across\nmultiple disciplines like statistical physics, protein folding, percolation,\ncomplex networks etc. However, experimental extraction of the complete set of\nLY zeros for general asymmetrical classical systems remains a crucial challenge\nto put those applications into practice. Here, we propose a qubit-based method\nto simulate an asymmetrical classical Ising system, enabling the exploration of\nLY zeros at arbitrary values of physical parameters like temperature, internal\ncouplings etc. Without assuming system symmetry, the full set of LY zeros forms\nan algebraic variety in a higher-dimensional complex plane. To determine this\nvariety, we pro ject it into sets representing magnitudes (amoeba ) and phases\n(coamoeba ) of LY zeros. Our approach uses a probe qubit to initialize the\nsystem and to extract LY zeros without assuming any control over the system\nqubits. This is particularly important as controlling system qubits can get\nintractable with the increasing complexity of the system. Initializing the\nsystem at an amoeba point, coamoeba points are sampled by measuring probe qubit\ndynamics. Iterative sampling yields the entire algebraic variety. Experimental\ndemonstration of the protocol is achieved through a three-qubit NMR register.\nThis work expands the horizon of quantum simulation to domains where\nidentifying LY zeros in general classical systems is pivotal. Moreover, by\nextracting abstract mathematical objects like amoeba and coamoeba for a given\npolynomial, our study integrates pure mathematical concepts into the realm of\nquantum simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Marginal stability in jammed packings: quasicontacts and weak contacts: Maximally random jammed (MRJ) sphere packing is a prototypical example of a\nsystem naturally poised at the margin between underconstraint and\noverconstraint. This marginal stability has traditionally been understood in\nterms of isostaticity, the equality of the number of mechanical contacts and\nthe number of degrees of freedom. Quasicontacts, pairs of spheres on the verge\nof coming in contact, are irrelevant for static stability, but they come into\nplay when considering dynamic stability, as does the distribution of contact\nforces. We show that the effects of marginal dynamic stability, as manifested\nin the distributions of quasicontacts and weak contacts, are consequential and\nnontrivial. We study these ideas first in the context of MRJ packing of\nd-dimensional spheres, where we show that the abundance of quasicontacts grows\nat a faster rate than that of contacts. We reexamine a calculation of Jin et\nal. (Phys. Rev. E 82, 051126, 2010), where quasicontacts were originally\nneglected, and we explore the effect of their inclusion in the calculation.\nThis analysis yields an estimate of the asymptotic behavior of the packing\ndensity in high dimensions. We argue that this estimate should be reinterpreted\nas a lower bound. The latter part of the paper is devoted to Bravais lattice\npackings that possess the minimum number of contacts to maintain mechanical\nstability. We show that quasicontacts play an even more important role in these\npackings. We also show that jammed lattices are a useful setting for studying\nthe Edwards ensemble, which weights each mechanically stable configuration\nequally and does not account for dynamics. This ansatz fails to predict the\npower-law distribution of near-zero contact forces, $P(f)\\sim f^\\theta$.",
        "positive": "The weak noise theory of the O'Connell-Yor polymer as an integrable\n  discretisation of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation: We investigate and solve the weak noise theory for the semi-discrete\nO'Connell-Yor directed polymer. In the large deviation regime, the most\nprobable evolution of the partition function obeys a classical non-linear\nsystem which is a non-standard discretisation of the nonlinear Schrodinger\nequation with mixed initial-final conditions. We show that this system is\nintegrable and find its general solution through an inverse scattering method\nand a novel Fredholm determinant framework that we develop. This allows to\nobtain the large deviation rate function of the free energy of the polymer\nmodel from its conserved quantities and to study its convergence to the large\ndeviations of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation. Our model also degenerates to\nthe classical Toda chain, which further substantiates the applicability of our\nFredholm framework."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviation function for the entropy production: Optimal trajectory\n  and role of fluctuations: We study the large deviation function for the entropy production rate in two\ndriven one-dimensional systems: the asymmetric random walk on a discrete\nlattice and Brownian motion in a continuous periodic potential. We compare two\napproaches: the Donsker-Varadhan theory and the Freidlin-Wentzell theory. We\nshow that the wings of the large deviation function are dominated by a single\noptimal trajectory: either in forward (positive rate) or in backward direction\n(negative rate). The joining of both branches at zero entropy production\nimplies a non-differentiability and thus the appearance of a \"kink\". However,\naround zero entropy production many trajectories contribute and thus the kink\nis smeared out.",
        "positive": "Configurational and energy landscape in one-dimensional Coulomb systems: We study a one dimensional Coulomb system, where two charged colloids are\nneutralized by a collection of point counterions, with global neutrality.\nTemperature being given, two situations are addressed: the colloids are either\nkept at fixed positions (canonical ensemble), or the force acting on the\ncolloids is fixed (isobaric-isothermal ensemble). The corresponding partition\nfunctions are worked out exactly, in view of determining which arrangement of\ncounterions is optimal: how many counterions should be in the confined segment\nbetween the colloids? For the remaining ions outside, is there a left/right\nsymmetry breakdown? We evidence a cascade of transitions, as system size is\nvaried in the canonical treatment, or as pressure is increased in the isobaric\nformulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and an \"open system\n  dynamics\" perspective on quantum-classical analogy: It is well known that the statistics of closed classical systems evolves\naccording to the Liouville theorem. Here we study the dynamics of the marginal\nstatistics of classical systems coupled to external degrees of freedom, by\ndeveloping a time-local equation of motion using Green's functions and a series\nexpansion method. We also compare this equation of motion with its supposed\nquantum counterpart, namely the quantum master equation, which we hope could\nshed some light on quantum-classical analogy (QCA) from the perspective of\n\"open system dynamics\". We notice an apparent exception to QCA in this case, as\nthe first-order classical equation of motion derived herein contains a term\nthat does not appear to have a quantum analogue. We also propose possible ways\nof getting around this tension, which may help re-establish QCA (in first\nperturbative order). We do not draw a definitive conclusion about QCA in the\ncontext of open system dynamics but hope to provide a starting point for\ninvestigations along this line.",
        "positive": "Active Matter on Asymmetric Substrates: For collections of particles in a thermal bath interacting with an asymmetric\nsubstrate, it is possible for a ratchet effect to occur where the particles\nundergo a net dc motion in response to an ac forcing. Ratchet effects have been\ndemonstrated in a variety of systems including colloids as well as magnetic\nvortices in type-II superconductors. Here we examine the case of active matter\nor self-driven particles interacting with asymmetric substrates. Active matter\nsystems include self-motile colloidal particles undergoing catalysis, swimming\nbacteria, artificial swimmers, crawling cells, and motor proteins. We show that\na ratchet effect can arise in this type of system even in the absence of ac\nforcing. The directed motion occurs for certain particle-substrate interaction\nrules and its magnitude depends on the amount of time the particles spend\nswimming in one direction before turning and swimming in a new direction. For\nstrictly Brownian particles there is no ratchet effect. If the particles\nreflect off the barriers or scatter from the barriers according to Snell's law\nthere is no ratchet effect; however, if the particles can align with the\nbarriers or move along the barriers, directed motion arises. We also find that\nunder certain motion rules, particles accumulate along the walls of the\ncontainer in agreement with experiment. We also examine pattern formation for\nsynchronized particle motion. We discuss possible applications of this system\nfor self-assembly, extracting work, and sorting as well as future directions\nsuch as considering collective interactions and flocking models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Subdiffusion-limited single species reactions: We consider the coagulation dynamics A+A -> A and the annihilation dynamics\nA+A -> 0 for particles moving subdiffusively in one dimension, both on a\nlattice and in a continuum. The analysis combines the \"anomalous kinetics\" and\n\"anomalous diffusion\" problems, each of which leads to interesting dynamics\nseparately and to even more interesting dynamics in combination. We calculate\nboth short-time and long-time concentrations, and compare and contrast the\ncontinuous and discrete cases. Our analysis is based on the fractional\ndiffusion equation and its discrete analog.",
        "positive": "Universal dynamic scaling in chemical reactions at and away from\n  equilibrium: Physical kinetic roughening processes are well known to exhibit universal\nscaling of observables that fluctuate in space and time. Are there analogous\ndynamic scaling laws that are unique to the chemical reaction mechanisms\navailable synthetically and occurring naturally? Here, we formulate two\ncomplementary approaches to the dynamic scaling of stochastic fluctuations in\nthermodynamic observables at and away from equilibrium. Both analytical\nexpressions and numerical simulations confirm our dynamic scaling ans{\\\"a}tze\nwith their associated exponents, functions, and laws. A survey of common\nchemical mechanisms reveals classes that organize according to the molecularity\nof the reactions involved, the nature of the reaction vessel and external\nreservoirs, (non)equilibrium conditions, and the extent of autocatalysis in the\nreaction network. Coupled reactions capable of chemical feedback can\ntransition, sometimes sharply, between these classes with the variation of\nexperimental parameters such as temperature. While path observables like the\ndynamical activity have scaling exponents that are time-independent,\nfluctuations in the entropy production and flow can have time-dependent scaling\nexponents and self-averaging properties as a result of temporal correlations\nthat emerge during thermodynamically irreversible processes. Altogether, these\nresults establish dynamic universality in the nonequilibrium fluctuations of\nthermodynamic observables for well-mixed chemical reactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin and Chirality Orderings of Frustrated Magnets -- Stacked-Triangular\n  Antiferromagnets and Spin Glasses: ``Chirality'' is a multispin quantity representing the sense or the\nhandedness of the noncollinear spin structures induced by spin frustration.\nRecent studies have revealed that the chirality often plays an important role\nin the ordering of certain frustrated magnets. Here I take up two such\nexamples, stacked-triangular antiferromagnets and spin glasses, where the\ninherent chiral degree of freedom affects underlying physics and might lead to\nnovel ordering phenomena. The first topic is the criticality of the magnetic\nphase transition of vector (i.e., XY or Heisenberg) antiferromagnets on the\nthree-dimensional stacked-triangular lattice. The second topic is the nature of\nthe spin-glass ordering. I will review the recent theoretical and experimental\nworks on these topics, with particular emphasis on the important role played by\nthe chirality.",
        "positive": "Universality in Sandpile Models: A new classification of sandpile models into universality classes is\npresented. On the basis of extensive numerical simulations, in which we measure\nan extended set of exponents, the Manna two state model [S. S. Manna, J. Phys.\nA 24, L363 (1991)] is found to belong to a universality class of random\nneighbor models which is distinct from the universality class of the original\nmodel of Bak, Tang and Wiesenfeld [P. Bak, C. Tang and K. Wiensenfeld, Phys.\nRev. Lett. 59, 381 (1987)]. Directed models are found to belong to a\nuniversality class which includes the directed model introduced and solved by\nDhar"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on ``Deterministic equations of motion and phase ordering\n  dynamics'': Zheng [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 61}, 153 (2000), cond-mat/9909324] claims that phase\nordering dynamics in the microcanonical $\\phi^4$ model displays unusual scaling\nlaws. We show here, performing more careful numerical investigations, that\nZheng only observed transient dynamics mostly due to the corrections to scaling\nintroduced by lattice effects, and that Ising-like (model A) phase ordering\nactually takes place at late times. Moreover, we argue that energy conservation\nmanifests itself in different corrections to scaling.",
        "positive": "Recursion formulas for nonlinear density fluctuations near the glass\n  transition: The time-convolutionless mode-coupling (TMCT) equation for the intermediate\nscattering function $f_{\\alpha}(q,t)$ derived recently by the present author is\ntransformed into a simple nonlinear recursion formula for a generating function\n$\\Omega_{\\alpha}(\\bm{q},t)(=-\\ln[f_{\\alpha}(q,t)]/q^2)$, where $\\alpha=c$\nstands for a collective case and $\\alpha=s$ for a self case. By employing the\nsame simplification on the nonlinear memory function as that proposed by the\nmode-coupling theory (MCT), the simplified asymptotic recursion formula is then\nderived and is numerically analyzed for different temperatures under the\ninitial conditions obtained from the simulation. In a liquid state the\nnumerical results are shown to recover the simulation results well. Although\nthey can describe the simulation results well in the $\\beta$-relaxation stage\neven for lower temperatures, they do not agree with those in the so-called\n$\\alpha$-relaxation stage because of the simplified model. The coupling\nparameter $\\lambda^{(\\alpha)}$ dependence of the Debye-Waller factor\n$f_{\\alpha}$ is also discussed. The critical point is found as\n$\\lambda_c^{(c)}=2e(\\simeq 5.43656)$ and $f_c=e^{-1/2}(\\simeq 0.60653)$, while\nMCT gives $\\lambda_c^{(c)}=4.0$ and $f_c=1/2$. Then, the critical temperature\n$T_c$ is shown to be definitely lower than that predicted by MCT. Thus, it is\nemphasized that the present theory can improve the high $T_c$ problem appeared\nin MCT. The time evolution of the memory function and that of the diffusion\ncoefficient are also investigated within asymptotic formulas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free-Energy Calculations in Protein Folding by Generalized-Ensemble\n  Algorithms: We review uses of the generalized-ensemble algorithms for free-energy\ncalculations in protein folding. Two of the well-known methods are\nmulticanonical algorithm and replica-exchange method; the latter is also\nreferred to as parallel tempering. We present a new generalized-ensemble\nalgorithm that combines the merits of the two methods; it is referred to as the\nreplica-exchange multicanonical algorithm. We also give a multidimensional\nextension of the replica-exchange method. Its realization as an umbrella\nsampling method, which we refer to as the replica-exchange umbrella sampling,\nis a powerful algorithm that can give free energy in wide reaction coordinate\nspace.",
        "positive": "Heat current magnification in Classical and Quantum spin networks: We investigate heat current magnification due to asymmetry in the number of\nspins in two-branched classical and quantum spin systems. We begin by studying\nthe classical Ising like spin models using Q2R and CCA dynamics and show that\njust the difference in the number of spins is not enough and some other source\nof asymmetry is required to observe heat current magnification. Unequal\nspin--spin interaction strength in the upper and lower branch is employed as a\nsource of this asymmetry and it proves adequate for generating current\nmagnification in both the models. Suitable physical motivation is then provided\nfor current magnification in these systems, along with ways to control and\nmanipulate magnification through various system parameters. We also study a\nfive spin Quantum system with modified Heisenberg XXZ interaction and preserved\nmagnetisation using the Redfield master equation. We show that it is possible\nto generate current magnification in this model by the asymmetry in the number\nof spins only. Our results indicate that the onset of current magnification is\naccompanied by a dip in the total current flowing through the system. On\nanalysis it is revealed that this dip might occur because of the intersection\nof two non-degenerate energy levels for certain values of the asymmetry\nparameter in the modified XXZ model. We deduce that the additional degeneracy\nand the ergodic constraint due to fixed magnetisation in the system are the\nmain reasons for current magnification and other atypical behaviors observed.\nWe then use the concept of `ergotropy' to support these findings. Finally, for\nboth the classical and quantum models, we see that current magnification is\nonly observed when temperature gradient and intra-system interaction strength\nhave similar order of energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of the low frequencies of noise on On-Off intermittency: A bifurcating system subject to multiplicative noise can exhibit on-off\nintermittency close to the instability threshold. For a canonical system, we\ndiscuss the dependence of this intermittency on the Power Spectrum Density\n(PSD) of the noise. Our study is based on the calculation of the Probability\nDensity Function (PDF) of the unstable variable. We derive analytical results\nfor some particular types of noises and interpret them in the framework of\non-off intermittency. Besides, we perform a cumulant expansion for a random\nnoise with arbitrary power spectrum density and show that the intermittent\nregime is controlled by the ratio between the departure from the threshold and\nthe value of the PSD of the noise at zero frequency. Our results are in\nagreement with numerical simulations performed with two types of random\nperturbations: colored Gaussian noise and deterministic fluctuations of a\nchaotic variable. Extensions of this study to another, more complex, system are\npresented and the underlying mechanisms are discussed.",
        "positive": "Coarse-graining in time with the Functional Renormalisation Group:\n  Relaxation in Brownian Motion: We apply the functional Renormalisation Group (fRG) to study relaxation in a\nstochastic process governed by an overdamped Langevin equation with one degree\nof freedom, exploiting the connection with supersymmetric quantum mechanics in\nimaginary time. After reviewing the functional integral formulation of the\nsystem and its underlying symmetries, including the resulting Ward-Takahashi\nidentities for arbitrary initial conditions, we compute the effective action\n$\\Gamma$ from the fRG, approximated in terms of the leading and subleading\nterms in the gradient expansion: the Local Potential Approximation and\nWavefunction Renormalisation respectively. This is achieved by coarse-graining\nthe thermal fluctuations in time resulting in e.g. an effective potential\nincorporating fluctuations at all timescales. We then use the resulting\neffective equations of motion to describe the decay of the covariance, and the\nrelaxation of the average position and variance towards their equilibrium\nvalues at different temperatures. We use as examples a simple polynomial\npotential, an unequal Lennard-Jones type potential and a more complex potential\nwith multiple trapping wells and barriers. We find that these are all handled\nwell, with the accuracy of the approximations improving as the relaxation's\nspectral representation shifts to lower eigenvalues, in line with expectations\nabout the validity of the gradient expansion. The spectral representation's\nrange also correlates with temperature, leading to the conclusion that the\ngradient expansion works better for higher temperatures than lower ones. This\nwork demonstrates the ability of the fRG to expedite the computation of\nstatistical objects in otherwise long-timescale simulations, acting as a first\nstep to more complicated systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reaction-Diffusion Processes from Equivalent Integrable Quantum Chains: One-dimensional reaction-diffusion systems are mapped through a similarity\ntransformation onto integrable (and a priori non-stochastic) quantum chains.\nTime-dependent properties of these chemical models can then be found exactly.\nThe reaction-diffusion processes related to free fermion systems with\nsite-independent interactions are classified. The time-dependence of the mean\nparticle density is calculated. Furthermore new integrable stochastic processes\nrelated to the Heisenberg XXZ chain are identified and the relaxation times for\nthe particle density and density correlation for these systems are found.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium critical dynamics in inhomogeneous systems: We study nonequilibrium dynamical properties of inhomogeneous systems, in\nparticular at a free surface or at a defect plane. Thereby we consider\nnonconserved (model-A) dynamics of a system which is prepared in the\nhigh-temperature phase and quenched into the critical point. Using Monte Carlo\nsimulations we measure single spin relaxation and autocorrelations, as well as\nmanifold autocorrelations and persistence. We show that, depending on the decay\nof critical static correlations, the short time dynamics can be of two kinds.\nFor slow decay of local correlations the usual domain growth process takes\nplace with non-stationary and algebraic dynamical correlations. If, however,\nthe local correlations decay sufficiently rapidly we have the so called cluster\ndissolution scenario, in which case short time dynamical correlations are\nstationary and have a universal stretched exponential form. This latter\nphenomenon takes place in the surface of the three-dimensional Ising model and\nshould be observable in real ferromagnets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The slow dynamics of glassy materials: Insights from computer\n  simulations: The physics of glasses can be studied from many viewpoints, from material\nscientists interested in the development of new materials to statistical\nphysicists inventing new theoretical tools to deal with disordered systems. In\nthese lectures I described a variety of physical phenomena observed in actual\nglassy materials, from disordered magnetic systems to soft gels. Despite the\nvery large gap between experimental and numerical time windows, I showed that\ncomputer simulations represent an efficient theoretical tool which can shed\nlight on the microscopic origins of glassy dynamics.",
        "positive": "Uphill migration in coupled driven particle systems: In particle systems subject to a nonuniform drive, particle migration is\nobserved from the driven to the non--driven region and vice--versa, depending\non details of the hopping dynamics, leading to apparent violations of Fick's\nlaw and of steady--state thermodynamics. We propose and discuss a very basic\nmodel in the framework of independent random walkers on a pair of rings, one of\nwhich features biased hopping rates, in which this phenomenon is observed and\nfully explained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of fluctuations in small systems interacting with the\n  environment: A few decades after Hill's work on nano-thermodynamics, the development of a\nthermodynamic framework, to account consistently for the fluctuations of small\nsystems due to their interactions with the surrounding environment, is still\nunderway. Here we discuss how, in a small system, the interaction energy with\nthe environment may be described through a conjugate pair of intensive and\nextensive variables, giving rise to a Gibbs thermodynamics with an additional\nthermodynamic degree of freedom. The relevant thermodynamic potentials help\ndescribe the equilibrium conditions and the material properties that measure\nthe susceptibility of the system to the interaction with the environment. The\nresulting generalized ensembles, which describe the non-negligible, small\nsystem fluctuations, are shown to be equivalent. Away from the average\nthermodynamic state, the availability describes the distance between system and\nthe environment, in terms of the maximum work extractable from the fluctuation,\nand a proper definition of entropy extends the thermodynamics to the generic\nfluctuating state. From the latter state, entropic forces arise to restore the\naverage thermodynamic state. Our framework unifies and extends the ensemble\nthermodynamics by Hill and the recent advances in statistical mechanics under\nstrong coupling and reduces to classical macroscopic thermodynamics when the\nsystem is large. The particular case of a small ideal gas system is discussed\nin detail and the example of a single particle immersed in a bath is revisited\nin the light of the new formalism.",
        "positive": "Statistical Mechanics of systems with long range interactions: Recent theoretical studies of statistical mechanical properties of systems\nwith long range interactions are briefly reviewed. In these systems the\ninteraction potential decays with a rate slower than 1/r^d at large distances r\nin d dimensions. As a result, these systems are non-additive and they display\nunusual thermodynamic and dynamical properties which are not present in systems\nwith short range interactions. In particular, the various statistical\nmechanical ensembles are not equivalent and the microcanonical specific heat\nmay be negative. Long range interactions may also result in breaking of\nergodicity, making the maximal entropy state inaccessible from some regions of\nphase space. In addition, in many cases long range interactions result in slow\nrelaxation processes, with time scales which diverge in the thermodynamic\nlimit. Various models which have been found to exhibit these features are\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetically Stabilized Nematic Order I: Three-Dimensional Bipartite\n  Optical Lattices: We study magnetically stabilized nematic order for spin-one bosons in optical\nlattices. We show that the Zeeman field-driven quantum transitions between\nnon-nematic Mott states and quantum spin nematic states in the weak hopping\nlimit are in the universality class of the ferromagnetic XXZ (S=1/2) spin\nmodel. We further discuss these transitions as condensation of interacting\nmagnons. The development of O(2) nematic order when external fields are applied\ncorresponds to condensation of magnons, which breaks a U(1) symmetry.\nMicroscopically, this results from a coherent superposition of two non-nematic\nstates at each individual site. Nematic order and spin wave excitations around\ncritical points are studied and critical behaviors are obtained in a dilute gas\napproximation. We also find that spin singlet states are unstable with respect\nto quadratic Zeeman effects and Ising nematic order appears in the presence of\nany finite quadratic Zeeman coupling. All discussions are carried out for\nstates in three dimensional bipartite lattices.",
        "positive": "Mutual information of spin systems from autoregressive neural networks: We describe a new direct method to estimate bipartite mutual information of a\nclassical spin system based on Monte Carlo sampling enhanced by autoregressive\nneural networks. It allows studying arbitrary geometries of subsystems and can\nbe generalized to classical field theories. We demonstrate it on the Ising\nmodel for four partitionings, including a multiply-connected even-odd division.\nWe show that the area law is satisfied for temperatures away from the critical\ntemperature: the constant term is universal, whereas the proportionality\ncoefficient is different for the even-odd partitioning."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Model for Ordinary Levy Motion: We propose a simple model based on the Gnedenko limit theorem for simulation\nand studies of the ordinary Levy motion, that is, a random process, whose\nincrements are independent and distributed with a stable probability law. We\nuse the generalized structure function for characterizing anomalous diffusion\nrate and propose to explore the modified Hurst method for empirical rescaled\nrange analysis. We also find that the structure function being estimated from\nthe ordinary Levy motion sample paths as well as the (ordinary) Hurst method\nlead to spurious ''pseudo-Gaussian'' relations.",
        "positive": "Experimental verification of quantum heat exchange fluctuation relation: We experimentally verify the Jarzynski and W\\\"ojcik quantum heat exchange\nfluctuation relation by implementing the interferometric technique in\nliquid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance setup and study the exchange heat\nstatistics between two weakly coupled spin-1/2 quantum systems. In presence of\nuncorrelated initial state with individual spins prepared in local Gibbs\nthermal states at different temperatures, the exchange fluctuation symmetry is\nverified for arbitrary transient time. In contrast, when the initial\npreparation includes correlation, the fluctuation symmetry breaks down and\nfurther leads to an apparent spontaneous flow of heat from cold to hot. Our\nexperimental approach is general and can be systematically extended to study\nheat statistics for more complex out-of-equilibrium many-body quantum systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free Energies by Thermodynamic Integration Relative to an Exact\n  Solution, Used to Find the Handedness-Switching Salt Concentration for DNA: Sets of free energy differences are useful for finding the equilibria of\nchemical reactions, while absolute free energies have little physical meaning.\nHowever finding the relative free energy between two macrostates by subtraction\nof their absolute free energies is a valuable strategy in certain important\ncases. We present calculations of absolute free energies of biomolecules, using\na combination of the well-known Einstein Molecule method (for treating the\nsolute) with a conceptually related method of recent genesis for computing free\nenergies of liquids (to treat the solvent and counterions). The approach is\nbased on thermodynamic integration from a detailed atomistic model to one which\nis simplified but analytically solvable, thereby giving the absolute free\nenergy as that of the tractable model plus a correction term found numerically.\nAn example calculation giving the free energy with respect to salt\nconcentration for the B- and Z-isomers of all-atom duplex DNA in explicit\nsolvent and counterions is presented. The coexistence salt concentration is\nfound with unprecedented accuracy.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of an Ising model for ultrathin magnetic films: We study the critical properties of a two--dimensional Ising model with\ncompeting ferromagnetic exchange and dipolar interactions, which models an\nultra-thin magnetic film with high out--of--plane anisotropy in the monolayer\nlimit. In this work we present a detailed calculation of the $(\\delta,T)$ phase\ndiagram, $\\delta$ being the ratio between exchange and dipolar interactions\nintensities. We compare the results of both mean field approximation and Monte\nCarlo numerical simulations in the region of low values of $\\delta$,\nidentifying the presence of a recently detected phase with nematic order in\ndifferent parts of the phase diagram, besides the well known striped and\ntetragonal liquid phases. A remarkable qualitative difference between both\ncalculations is the absence, in this region of the Monte Carlo phase diagram,\nof the temperature dependency of the equilibrium stripe width predicted by the\nmean field approximation. We also detected the presence of an increasing number\nof metastable striped states as the value of $\\delta$ increases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Factorization symmetry in lattice Boltzmann simulations: A non-perturbative algebraic theory of lattice Boltzmann method is developed\nbased on a symmetry of a product. It involves three steps: (i) Derivation of\nadmissible lattices in one spatial dimension through a matching condition which\nimposes restricted extension of higher-order Gaussian moments, (ii) Special\nquasi-equilibrium distribution function found analytically in closed form on\nthe product-lattice in two and three spatial dimensions, and which proves\nfactorization of quasi-equilibrium moments, and (iii) Algebraic method of\npruning based on a one-into-one relation between groups of discrete velocities\nand moments. Two routes of constructing lattice Boltzmann equilibria are\ndistinguished. Present theory includes previously known limiting and special\ncases of lattices, and enables automated derivation of lattice Boltzmann models\nfrom two-dimensional tables, by finding roots of one polynomial and solving a\nfew linear systems.",
        "positive": "Pair Contact Process with Diffusion: Failure of Master Equation Field\n  Theory: We demonstrate that the `microscopic' field theory representation, directly\nderived from the corresponding master equation, fails to adequately capture the\ncontinuous nonequilibrium phase transition of the Pair Contact Process with\nDiffusion (PCPD). The ensuing renormalization group (RG) flow equations do not\nallow for a stable fixed point in the parameter region that is accessible by\nthe physical initial conditions. There exists a stable RG fixed point outside\nthis regime, but the resulting scaling exponents, in conjunction with the\npredicted particle anticorrelations at the critical point, would be in\ncontradiction with the positivity of the equal-time mean-square particle number\nfluctuations. We conclude that a more coarse-grained effective field theory\napproach is required to elucidate the critical properties of the PCPD."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unidirectional hopping transport of interacting particles on a finite\n  chain: Particle transport through an open, discrete 1-D channel against a mechanical\nor chemical bias is analyzed within a master equation approach. The channel,\nexternally driven by time dependent site energies, allows multiple occupation\ndue to the coupling to reservoirs. Performance criteria and optimization of\nactive transport in a two-site channel are discussed as a function of reservoir\nchemical potentials, the load potential, interparticle interaction strength,\ndriving mode and driving period. Our results, derived from exact rate\nequations, are used in addition to test a previously developed time-dependent\ndensity functional theory, suggesting a wider applicability of that method in\ninvestigations of many particle systems far from equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Work fluctuations for a harmonic oscillator driven by an external random\n  force: The fluctuations of the work done by an external Gaussian random force on a\nharmonic oscillator that is also in contact with a thermal bath is studied. We\nhave obtained the exact large deviation function as well as the complete\nasymptotic forms of the probability density function. The distribution of the\nwork done are found to be non-Gaussian. The steady state fluctuation theorem\nholds only if the ratio of the variances, of the external random forcing and\nthe thermal noise respectively, is less than 1/3. On the other hand, the\ntransient fluctuation theorem holds (asymptotically) for all the values of that\nratio. The theoretical asymptotic forms of the probability density function are\nin very good agreement with the numerics as well as with an experiment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size scaling of synchronized oscillation on complex networks: The onset of synchronization in a system of random frequency oscillators\ncoupled through a random network is investigated. Using a mean-field\napproximation, we characterize sample-to-sample fluctuations for networks of\nfinite size, and derive the corresponding scaling properties in the critical\nregion. For scale-free networks with the degree distribution $P(k)\\sim\nk^{-\\gamma}$ at large $k$, we found that the finite size exponent $\\bar{\\nu}$\ntakes on the value 5/2 when $\\gamma>5$, the same as in the globally coupled\nKuramoto model. For highly heterogeneous networks ($3<\\gamma <5$), $\\bar{\\nu}$\nand the order parameter exponent $\\beta$ depend on $\\gamma$. The analytic\nexpressions for these exponents obtained from the mean field theory are shown\nto be in excellent agreement with data from extensive numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Systematic Construction of Counterexamples to the Eigenstate\n  Thermalization Hypothesis\": In a recent Letter [PhysRevLett.119.030601 (2017), arXiv:1702.08227],\nShiraishi and Mori claim to provide a general method for constructing local\nHamiltonians that do not exhibit eigenstate thermalization. We argue that the\nclaim is based on a misunderstanding of the eigenstate thermalization\nhypothesis (ETH). More specifically, on the assumption that ETH is valid for\nthe entire Hamiltonian matrix instead of each symmetry sector independently. We\ndiscuss what happens if one mixes symmetry sectors in the two-dimensional\ntransverse field Ising model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized gradient expansions in quantum transport equations: Gradient expansions in quantum transport equations of a Kadanoff-Baym form\nhave been reexamined. We have realized that in a consistent approach the\nexpansion should be performed also inside of the self-energy in the scattering\nintegrals of these equations. In the first perturbation order this internal\nexpansion gives new correction terms to the generalized Boltzman equation.\nThese correction terms are found here for several typical systems. Possible\ncorrections to the theory of a linear response to weak electric fields are also\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "The Pair Approximation method for the ferromagnetic Heisenberg model\n  with spin $S=1$ and arbitrary range of interactions. Application for the\n  magnetic semiconductor CrIAs: The Pair Approximation method has been formulated for the isotropic\nferromagnetic Heisenberg model with spin $S=1$. The exchange interactions of\narbitrary range have been taken into account. The single-ion anisotropy has\nbeen considered as well as the external magnetic field. Within the method, the\nGibbs free-energy has been derived, from which all thermodynamic properties can\nbe self-consistently obtained. In order to illustrate the developed formalism,\nthe numerical calculations have been performed for CrIAs planar magnetic\nsemiconductor, a hypothetical material whose existence has been recently\npredicted by the Density Functional Theory-based calculations. For this model\nmaterial, all the relevant thermodynamic magnetic properties have been studied.\nThe numerical results have been presented in the figures and discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chaotic Hypothesis, Fluctuation Theorem and singularities: The chaotic hypothesis has several implications which have generated interest\nin the literature because of their generality and because a few exact\npredictions are among them. However its application to Physics problems\nrequires attention and can lead to apparent inconsistencies. In particular\nthere are several cases that have been considered in the literature in which\nsingularities are built in the models: for instance when among the forces there\nare Lennard-Jones potentials (which are infinite in the origin) and the\nconstraints imposed on the system do not forbid arbitrarily close approach to\nthe singularity even though the average kinetic energy is bounded. The\nsituation is well understood in certain special cases in which the system is\nsubject to Gaussian noise; here the treatment of rather general singular\nsystems is considered and the predictions of the chaotic hypothesis for such\nsituations are derived. The main conclusion is that the chaotic hypothesis is\nperfectly adequate to describe the singular physical systems we consider, i.e.\ndeterministic systems with thermostat forces acting according to Gauss'\nprinciple for the constraint of constant total kinetic energy (``isokinetic\nGaussian thermostats''), close and far from equilibrium. Near equilibrium it\neven predicts a fluctuation relation which, in deterministic cases with more\ngeneral thermostat forces (i.e. not necessarily of Gaussian isokinetic nature),\nextends recent relations obtained in situations in which the thermostatting\nforces satisfy Gauss' principle. This relation agrees, where expected, with the\nfluctuation theorem for perfectly chaotic systems. The results are compared\nwith some recent works in the literature.",
        "positive": "Classical Nucleation Theory for the Crystallization Kinetics in Sheared\n  Liquids: While statistical mechanics provides a comprehensive framework for the\nunderstanding of equilibrium phase behavior, predicting the kinetics of phase\ntransformations remains a challenge. Classical nucleation theory (CNT) provides\na thermodynamic framework to relate the nucleation rate to thermodynamic\nquantities such as pressure difference and interfacial tension through the\nnucleation work necessary to spawn critical nuclei. However, it remains unclear\nwhether such an approach can be extended to the crystallization of driven melts\nthat are subjected to mechanical stresses and flows. Here, we demonstrate\nnumerically for hard spheres that the impact of simple shear on the\ncrystallization rate can be rationalized within the CNT framework by an\nadditional elastic work proportional to the droplet volume. We extract the\nlocal stress and strain inside solid droplets, which yield size-dependent\nvalues for the shear modulus that are about half of the bulk value. Finally, we\nshow that for a complete description one also has to take into account the\nchange of interfacial work between the strained droplet and the sheared liquid.\nFrom scaling reasons, we expect this extra contribution to dominate the work\nformation of small nuclei but become negligible compared to the elastic work\nfor droplets composed of a few hundreds particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Supersymmetry, replica and dynamic treatments of disordered systems: a\n  parallel presentation: I briefly review the three nonperturbative methods for the treatment of\ndisordered systems -- supersymmetry, replicas and dynamics -- with a parallel\npresentation that highlights their connections and differences.",
        "positive": "Switching between memories in neural automata with synaptic noise: We present a stochastic neural automata in which activity fluctuations and\nsynaptic intensities evolve at different temperature, the latter moving through\na set of stored patterns. The network thus exhibits various retrieval phases,\nincluding one which depicts continuous switching between attractors. The\nswitching may be either random or more complex, depending on the system\nparameters values."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic theory of a phase transition in a critical region:\n  Bose-Einstein condensation in an interacting gas: We present a microscopic theory of the second order phase transition in an\ninteracting Bose gas that allows one to describe formation of an ordered\ncondensate phase from a disordered phase across an entire critical region\ncontinuously. We derive the exact fundamental equations for a condensate wave\nfunction and the Green functions, which are valid both inside and outside the\ncritical region. They are reduced to the usual Gross-Pitaevskii and\nBeliaev-Popov equations in a low-temperature limit outside the critical region.\nThe theory is readily extendable to other phase transitions, in particular, in\nthe physics of condensed matter and quantum fields.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of Coupled Topological - Collective Modes of a Bose-Einstein\n  Condensate: We develop the theory of the resonant formation of coupled\ntopological-collective coherent modes in the presence of a quantized trap and\nclassical external field. The coupling between the topological and the\ncollective modes can be linear as well as non-linear depending upon the tuning\nof the external extremely low frequency electromagnetic field. This tuning\ndepends on the trap frequency and the energy level separation between the\nground and the first excited topological coherent mode modified by the two body\natomic collisions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the exactly solvable\n  mixed-spin Ising model on a decorated triangular lattice in a magnetic field: The ground state, zero-temperature magnetization process, critical behaviour\nand isothermal entropy change of the mixed-spin Ising model on a decorated\ntriangular lattice in a magnetic field are exactly studied after performing the\ngeneralized decoration-iteration mapping transformation. It is shown that both\nthe inverse and conventional magnetocaloric effect can be found near the\nabsolute zero temperature. The former phenomenon can be found in a vicinity of\nthe discontinuous phase transitions and their crossing, while the latter one\noccurs in some paramagnetic phases due to a spin frustration to be present at\nzero magnetic field. The inverse magnetocaloric effect can also be detected\nslightly above continuous phase transitions following the power-law dependence\n$|-\\Delta{\\cal S}_{iso}^{min}|\\propto h^n$, where $n$ depends basically on the\nground-state spin ordering.",
        "positive": "Numerical evidence against a conjecture on the cover time of planar\n  graphs: We investigate a conjecture on the cover times of planar graphs by means of\nlarge Monte Carlo simulations. The conjecture states that the cover time\n$\\tau(G_{N})$ of a planar graph $G_{N}$ of $N$ vertices and maximal degree $d$\nis lower bounded by $\\tau(G_{N}) \\geq C_{d} N(\\ln N)^2$ with $C_{d} = (d/4\\pi)\n\\tan (\\pi/d)$, with equality holding for some geometries. We tested this\nconjecture on the regular honeycomb ($d=3$), regular square ($d=4$), regular\nelongated triangular ($d=5$), and regular triangular ($d=6$) lattices, as well\nas on the nonregular Union Jack lattice ($d_{\\rm min}=4$, $d_{\\rm max}=8$).\nIndeed, the Monte Carlo data suggest that the rigorous lower bound may hold as\nan equality for most of these lattices, with an interesting issue in the case\nof the Union Jack lattice. The data for the honeycomb lattice, however,\nviolates the bound with the conjectured constant. The empirical probability\ndistribution function of the cover time for the square lattice is also briefly\npresented, since very little is known about cover time probability distribution\nfunctions in general."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Aggregation: Scaling Properties: We study scaling properties of stochastic aggregation processes in one\ndimension. Numerical simulations for both diffusive and ballistic transport\nshow that the mass distribution is characterized by two independent nontrivial\nexponents corresponding to the survival probability of particles and monomers.\nThe overall behavior agrees qualitatively with the mean-field theory. This\ntheory also provides a useful approximation for the decay exponents, as well as\nthe limiting mass distribution.",
        "positive": "Time dependent diffusion in a disordered medium with partially absorbing\n  walls: A perturbative approach: We present an analytical study of the time dependent diffusion coefficient in\na dilute suspension of spheres with partially absorbing boundary condition.\nFollowing Kirkpatrick (J. Chem. Phys. 76, 4255) we obtain a perturbative\nexpansion for the time dependent particle density using volume fraction $f$ of\nspheres as an expansion parameter. The exact single particle $t$-operator for\npartially absorbing boundary condition is used to obtain a closed form\ntime-dependent diffusion coefficient $D(t)$ accurate to first order in the\nvolume fraction $f$. Short and long time limits of $D(t)$ are checked against\nthe known short-time results for partially or fully absorbing boundary\nconditions and long-time results for reflecting boundary conditions. For fully\nabsorbing boundary condition the long time diffusion coefficient is found to be\n$D(t)=5 a^2/(12 f D_{0} t) +O((D_0t/a^2)^{-2})$, to the first order of\nperturbation theory. Here $f$ is small but non-zero, $D_0$ the diffusion\ncoefficient in the absence of spheres, and $a$ the radius of the spheres. The\nvalidity of this perturbative result is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-point resistance of a cobweb network with a $2r$ boundary: We consider the problem of two point resistance on an $m times n$ cobweb\nnetwork with a 2r boundary which has never been solved before. Past efforts\nprior to 2014 researchers just only solved the cases with free boundary or null\nresistor boundary. This paper gives the general formulae of the resistance\nbetween any two nodes in both finite and infinite cases using a method of\ndirect summation pioneered by Tan [Z.Z.Tan, et al, J. Phys. A 46, 195202\n(2013)], which is simpler and can be easier to use in practice. This method\ncontrasts the Greens function technique and the Laplacian matrix approach,\nwhich is difficult to apply to the geometry of a cobweb with a 2r boundary. We\ndeduced several interesting results according to our general formula. In the\nend we compare and illuminate our formulae with two examples. Our analysis\ngives the result directly as a single summation, and the result is mainly\ncomposed of the characteristic roots.",
        "positive": "Diffusion in the Presence of Scale-Free Absorbing Boundaries: Scale-free surfaces, such as cones, remain unchanged under a simultaneous\nexpansion of all coordinates by the same factor. Probability density of a\nparticle diffusing near such absorbing surface at large time approaches a\nsimple form that incorporates power-law dependencies on time and distance from\na special point, such as apex of the cone, which are characterized by a single\nexponent $\\eta$. The same exponent is used to describe the number of spatial\nconformations of long ideal polymer attached to the special point of a\nrepulsive surface of the same geometry and can be used in calculation of\nentropic forces between such polymers and surfaces. We use the solution of\ndiffusion equation near such surfaces to find the numerical values of $\\eta$,\nas well as to provide some insight into the behavior of ideal polymers near\nsuch surfaces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The crossover from the Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory to the\n  Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation controls the large deviations beyond Einstein's\n  diffusion: We study the crossover from the macroscopic fluctuation theory (MFT) which\ndescribes 1D stochastic diffusive systems at late times, to the weak noise\ntheory (WNT) which describes the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation at early\ntimes. We focus on the example of the diffusion in a time-dependent random\nfield, observed in an atypical direction which induces an asymmetry. The\ncrossover is described by a non-linear system which interpolates between the\nderivative and the standard non-linear Schrodinger equations in imaginary time.\nWe solve this system using the inverse scattering method for mixed-time\nboundary conditions introduced by us to solve the WNT. We obtain the rate\nfunction which describes the large deviations of the sample-to-sample\nfluctuations of the cumulative distribution of the tracer position. It exhibits\na crossover as the asymmetry is varied, recovering both MFT and KPZ limits. We\nsketch how it is consistent with extracting the asymptotics of a Fredholm\ndeterminant formula, recently derived for sticky Brownian motions. The\ncrossover mechanism studied here should generalize to a larger class of models\ndescribed by the MFT. Our results apply to study extremal diffusion beyond\nEinstein's theory.",
        "positive": "On the morphological stability of two-dimensional epitaxial islands at\n  high deposition rates: The morphological stability of two-dimensional islands nucleated on a\nsubstrate during vacuum or vapour-phase atom deposition is investigated. Using\nsimple scaling arguments, it is shown that, contrary to expectation, dendritic\nislands may be converted into compact ones by increasing the deposition rate,\nprovided that the size of the critical nucleus is large enough. Implications\nfor recent observations of Pt deposition on Pt(111) are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalization of Gibbs Entropy and Thermodynamic Relation: In this paper, we extend Gibbs's approach of quasi-equilibrium thermodynamic\nprocesses, and calculate the microscopic expression of entropy for general\nnon-equilibrium thermodynamic processes. Also, we analyze the formal structure\nof thermodynamic relation in non-equilibrium thermodynamic processes.",
        "positive": "Narrow-escape time and sorting of active particles in circular domains: It is now well established that microswimmers can be sorted or segregated\nfabricating suitable microfluidic devices or using external fields. A natural\nquestion is how these techniques can be employed for dividing swimmers of\ndifferent motility. In this paper, using numerical simulations in the dilute\nlimit, we investigate how motility parameters (time of persistence and\nvelocity) impacts the narrow-escape time of active particles from circular\ndomains. We show that the escape time undergoes a crossover between two\nasymptotic regimes. The control parameters of the crossover is the ratio\nbetween persistence length of the active motion and the typical length scale of\nthe circular domain. We explore the possibility of taking advantage of this\nfinding for sorting active particles by motility parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bose-Einstein condensation in a two-dimensional, trapped,interacting gas: We study Bose-Einstein condensation phenomenon in a two-dimensional (2D)\nsystem of bosons subjected to an harmonic oscillator type confining potential.\nThe interaction among the 2D bosons is described by a delta-function in\nconfiguration space. Solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation within the two-fluid\nmodel we calculate the condensate fraction, ground state energy, and specific\nheat of the system. Our results indicate that interacting bosons have similar\nbehavior to those of an ideal system for weak interactions.",
        "positive": "Statistical Mechanics of Steiner trees: The Minimum Weight Steiner Tree (MST) is an important combinatorial\noptimization problem over networks that has applications in a wide range of\nfields. Here we discuss a general technique to translate the imposed global\nconnectivity constrain into many local ones that can be analyzed with cavity\nequation techniques. This approach leads to a new optimization algorithm for\nMST and allows to analyze the statistical mechanics properties of MST on random\ngraphs of various types."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Restricted Exclusion Processes without Particle Conservation Flows to\n  Directed Percolation: Absorbing phase transition in restricted exclusion processes are\ncharacterized by simple integer exponents. We show that this critical behaviour\nflows to the directed percolation (DP) universality class when particle\nconservation is broken suitably. The same transition, when studied using the\naverage density as the controlling parameter, yields critical exponents quite\ndifferent from DP; we argue that these exponents are actually related to DP by\na scaling factor $1/\\beta_{DP}.$ These conclusions also apply to conserved\nlattice gas in one dimension.",
        "positive": "Non-Stationary Saturation of Inhomogeneously Broadened EPR Lines: Non-stationary saturation of inhomogeneously broadened EPR lines is studied\nwhen cross-relaxation has the characteristics of spectral diffusion. A system\nof generalized kinetic equations is solved in quadratures in this\napproximation. The result is valid not only when the contribution of the\nspectral diffusion is negligible or dominant, but also in the intermediate\ncase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Punctured polygons and polyominoes on the square lattice: We use the finite lattice method to count the number of punctured staircase\nand self-avoiding polygons with up to three holes on the square lattice. New or\nradically extended series have been derived for both the perimeter and area\ngenerating functions. We show that the critical point is unchanged by a finite\nnumber of punctures, and that the critical exponent increases by a fixed amount\nfor each puncture. The increase is 1.5 per puncture when enumerating by\nperimeter and 1.0 when enumerating by area. A refined estimate of the\nconnective constant for polygons by area is given. A similar set of results is\nobtained for finitely punctured polyominoes. The exponent increase is proved to\nbe 1.0 per puncture for polyominoes.",
        "positive": "Entropy and Correlations in Lattice Gas Automata without Detailed\n  Balance: We consider lattice gas automata where the lack of semi-detailed balance\nresults from node occupation redistribution ruled by distant configurations;\nsuch models with nonlocal interactions are interesting because they exhibit\nnon-ideal gas properties and can undergo phase transitions. For this class of\nautomata, mean-field theory provides a correct evaluation of properties such as\ncompressibility and viscosity (away from the phase transition), despite the\nfact that no H-theorem strictly holds. We introduce the notion of locality -\nnecessary to define quantities accessible to measurements - by treating the\ncoupling between nonlocal bits as a perturbation. Then if we define\noperationally ``local'' states of the automaton - whether the system is in a\nhomogeneous or in an inhomogeneous state - we can compute an estimator of the\nentropy and measure the local channel occupation correlations. These\nconsiderations are applied to a simple model with nonlocal interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic Equation and Non-equilibrium Entropy for a Quasi-two-dimensional\n  Gas: A kinetic equation for a dilute gas of hard spheres confined between two\nparallel plates separated a distance smaller than two particle dimeters is\nderived. It is a Boltzmann-like equation, which incorporates the effect of the\nconfinement on the particle collisions. A function $S(t)$ is constructed by\nadding to the Boltzmann expression a confinement contribution. Then it is shown\nthat for the solutions of the kinetic equation, $S(t)$ increases monotonically\nin time, until the system reaches a stationary inhomogeneous state, when $S$\nbecomes the equilibrium entropy of the confined system as derived from\nequilibrium statistical mechanics. From the entropy, other equilibrium\nproperties are obtained, and Molecular Dynamics simulations are used to verify\nsome of the theoretical predictions.",
        "positive": "Collective dispersion relations for the 1D interacting two-component\n  Bose and Fermi gases: We investigate the elementary excitations of charge and spin degrees for the\n1D interacting two-component Bose and Fermi gases by means of the discrete\nBethe ansatz equations. Analytic results in the limiting cases of strong and\nweak interactions are derived, where the Bosons are treated in the repulsive\nand the fermions in the strongly attractive regime. We confirm and complement\nresults obtained previously from the Bethe ansatz equations in the\nthermodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of a phase transition in the dynamics of interacting\n  populations: Many-variable differential equations with random coefficients provide\npowerful models for the dynamics of many interacting species in ecology. These\nmodels are known to exhibit a dynamical phase transition from a phase where\npopulation sizes reach a fixed point, to a phase where they fluctuate\nindefinitely. This transition has parallels with models developed in other\nfields, but also distinct features that stem from the requirement that the\nvariables represent non-negative population sizes.\n  Abstract Here we provide a theory for the critical behavior close to the\nphase transition. We show that there are three different universality classes,\ndepending on the distance from the critical point, and the migration rate which\ncouples the system to its surroundings. We derive scaling relations for two\nparameters, the size of the temporal fluctuations, and the correlation\ntimescale. We show that the temporal fluctuations grow continuously upon\ncrossing the transition, and that timescales diverge near the transition (a\ncritical slowing down). We define and calculate the corresponding critical\nexponents.",
        "positive": "Kinetic derivation of Aw-Rascle-Zhang-type traffic models with\n  driver-assist vehicles: In this paper, we derive second order hydrodynamic traffic models from\nkinetic-controlled equations for driver-assist vehicles. At the vehicle level\nwe take into account two main control strategies synthesising the action of\nadaptive cruise controls and cooperative adaptive cruise controls. The\nresulting macroscopic dynamics fulfil the anisotropy condition introduced in\nthe celebrated Aw-Rascle-Zhang model. Unlike other models based on heuristic\narguments, our approach unveils the main physical aspects behind frequently\nused hydrodynamic traffic models and justifies the structure of the resulting\nmacroscopic equations incorporating driver-assist vehicles. Numerical insights\nshow that the presence of driver-assist vehicles produces an aggregate\nhomogenisation of the mean flow speed, which may also be steered towards a\nsuitable desired speed in such a way that optimal flows and traffic\nstabilisation are reached."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to the Comment [arXiv:0810.3247v1] by G. L. Klimchitskaya et al.\n  on \"Application of the Lifshitz theory to poor conductors\": It is shown that the claims expressed in the Comment arXiv:0810.3247v1\nagainst my paper Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 101}, 163603 (2008) [arXiv:0809.3901]\nare obviously wrong or not essential.",
        "positive": "How Traders enter the Market through the Book: Simulation of the trading activity based on the implementation of the book."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Active Brownian particles: mapping to equilibrium polymers and exact\n  computation of moments: It is well known that path probabilities of Brownian motion correspond to the\nequilibrium configurational probabilities of flexible Gaussian polymers, while\nthose of active Brownian motion correspond to in-extensible semiflexible\npolymers. Here we investigate the properties of the equilibrium polymer that\ncorresponds to the trajectories of particles acted on simultaneously by both\nBrownian as well as active noise. Through this mapping we can see interesting\ncrossovers in mechanical properties of the polymer with changing contour\nlength. The polymer end-to-end distribution exhibits Gaussian behaviour for\nshort lengths, which changes to the form of semiflexible filaments at\nintermediate lengths, to finally go back to a Gaussian form for long contour\nlengths. By performing a Laplace transform of the governing Fokker-Planck\nequation of the active Brownian particle, we discuss a direct method to derive\nexact expressions for all the moments of the relevant dynamical variables, in\narbitrary dimensions. These are verified via numerical simulations and used to\ndescribe interesting qualitative features such as, for example, dynamical\ncrossovers. Finally we discuss the kurtosis of the ABP's position which we\ncompute exactly and show that it can be used to differentiate between active\nBrownian particles and active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process.",
        "positive": "The XX--model with boundaries. Part I: Diagonalization of the finite\n  chain: This is the first of three papers dealing with the XX finite quantum chain\nwith arbitrary, not necessarily hermitian, boundary terms. This extends\nprevious work where the periodic or diagonal boundary terms were considered. In\norder to find the spectrum and wave-functions an auxiliary quantum chain is\nexamined which is quadratic in fermionic creation and annihilation operators\nand hence diagonalizable. The secular equation is in general complicated but\nseveral cases were found when it can be solved analytically. For these cases\nthe ground-state energies are given. The appearance of boundary states is also\ndiscussed and in view to the applications considered in the next papers, the\none and two-point functions are expressed in terms of Pfaffians."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A method that reveals the multi-level ultrametric tree hidden in p-spin\n  glass like systems: In the study of disordered models like spin glasses the key object of\ninterest is the rugged energy hypersurface defined in configuration space. The\nstatistical mechanics calculation of the Gibbs-Boltzmann Partition Function\ngives the information necessary to understand the equilibrium behavior of the\nsystem as a function of the temperature but is not enough if we are interested\nin more general aspects of the hypersurface: it does not give us, for instance,\nthe different degrees of ruggedness at different scales. In the context of the\nReplica Symmetry Breaking (RSB) approach we discuss here a rather simple\nextension that can provide a much more detailed picture. The attractiveness of\nthe method relies in that it is conceptually transparent and the additional\ncalculations are rather straightforward. We think that this approach reveals an\nultrametric organisation with many levels in models like p-spin glasses when we\ninclude saddle points. In this first paper we present the detailed calculations\nfor the spherical p-spin glass model where we discover that the corresponding\ndecreasing Parisi function $q(x)$ codes this hidden ultrametric organisation.",
        "positive": "Dynamic scaling theory of the forced translocation of a semi-flexible\n  polymer through a nanopore: We present a theoretical description of the dynamics of a semi-flexible\npolymer being pulled through a nanopore by an external force acting at the\npore. Our theory is based on the tensile blob picture of Pincus in which the\nfront of the tensile force propagates through the backbone of the polymer, as\nsuggested by Sakaue and recently applied to study a completely flexible polymer\nwith self-avoidance, by Dubbledam et al. For a semi-flexible polymer with a\npersistence length P , its statistics is self-avoiding for a very long chain.\nAs the local force increases, the blob size starts to decrease. At the blob\nsize P/a^2 , where a is the size of a monomer, the statistics becomes that of\nan ideal chain. As the blob size further decreases to below the persistence\nlength P, the statistics is that of a rigid rod. We argue that semi-flexible\npolymer in translocation should include the three regions: a self-avoiding\nregion, an ideal chain region and a rigid rod region, under uneven tension\npropagation, instead of a uniform scaling picture as in the case of a\ncompletely flexible polymer. In various regimes under the effect of weak,\nintermediate and strong driving forces we derive equations from which we can\ncalculate the translocation time of the polymer. The translocation exponent is\ngiven by \\alpha=1+\\mu, where \\mu is an effective exponent for the end-to-end\ndistance of the semi-flexible polymer, having a value between 1/2 and 3/5,\ndepending on the total contour length of the polymer. Our results are of\nrelevance for forced translocation of biological polymers such as DNA through a\nnanopore."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamic fluctuations in quasi-two dimensional diffusion: We study diffusion of colloids on a fluid-fluid interface using particle\nsimulations and fluctuating hydrodynamics. Diffusion on a two-dimensional\ninterface with three-dimensional hydrodynamics is known to be anomalous, with\nthe collective diffusion coefficient diverging like the inverse of the\nwavenumber. This unusual collective effect arises because of the\ncompressibility of the fluid flow in the plane of the interface, and leads to a\nnonlinear nonlocal convolution term in the diffusion equation for the\nensemble-averaged concentration. We extend the previous hydrodynamic theory to\naccount for a species/color labeling of the particles, as necessary to model\nexperiments based on fluorescent techniques. We study the magnitude and\ndynamics of density and color density fluctuations using a novel Brownian\ndynamics algorithm, as well as fluctuating hydrodynamics theory and simulation.\nWe find that hydrodynamic coupling between a single tagged particle and\ncollective density fluctuations leads to a reduction of the long-time\nself-diffusion coefficient, even for an ideal gas of non-interacting particles.\nUsing linearized fluctuating hydrodynamics theory, we show that for diffusion\non a fluid-fluid interface, nonequilibrium fluctuations of the total density\nare small compared to the equilibrium fluctuations, but fluctuations of color\ndensity are giant and exhibit a spectrum that decays as the inverse cubed power\nof the wavenumber. We confirm these predictions through Brownian dynamics\nsimulations of diffusive mixing with two indistinguishable species. We also\nexamine nonequilibrium fluctuations in systems with two-dimensional\nhydrodynamics, such as thin smectic films in vacuum. We find that\nnonequilibrium fluctuations are colossal and comparable in magnitude to the\nmean, and can be accurately modeled using numerical solvers for the nonlinear\nequations of fluctuating hydrodynamics.",
        "positive": "A fingerprint of surface-tension anisotropy in the free-energy cost of\n  nucleation: We focus on the Gibbs free energy $\\Delta G$ for nucleating a droplet of the\nstable phase (e.g. solid) inside the metastable parent phase (e.g. liquid),\nclose to the first-order transition temperature. This quantity is central to\nthe theory of homogeneous nucleation, since it superintends the nucleation\nrate. We recently introduced a field theory describing the dependence of\n$\\Delta G$ on the droplet volume $V$, taking into account besides the\nmicroscopic fuzziness of the droplet-parent interface, also small fluctuations\naround the spherical shape whose effect, assuming isotropy, was found to be a\ncharacteristic logarithmic term. Here we extend this theory, introducing the\neffect of anisotropy in the surface tension, and show that in the limit of\nstrong anisotropy $\\Delta G(V)$ once more develops a term logarithmic on $V$,\nnow with a prefactor of opposite sign with respect to the isotropic case. Based\non this result, we argue that the geometrical shape that large solid nuclei\nmostly prefer could be inferred from the prefactor of the logarithmic term in\nthe droplet free energy, as determined from the optimization of its\nnear-coexistence profile."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An Efficient Monte-Carlo Method for Calculating Free-Energy in\n  Long-Range Interacting Systems: We present an efficient Monte-Carlo method for long-range interacting systems\nto calculate free energy as a function of an order parameter. In this method, a\nvariant of the Wang-Landau method regarding the order parameter is combined\nwith the stochastic cutoff method, which has recently been developed for\nlong-range interacting systems. This method enables us to calculate free energy\nin long-range interacting systems with reasonable computational time despite\nthe fact that no approximation is involved. This method is applied to a\nthree-dimensional magnetic dipolar system to measure free energy as a function\nof magnetization. By using the present method, we can calculate free energy for\na large system size of $16^3$ spins despite the presence of long-range magnetic\ndipolar interactions. We also discuss the merits and demerits of the present\nmethod in comparison with the conventional Wang-Landau method in which free\nenergy is calculated from the joint density of states of energy and order\nparameter.",
        "positive": "Condensation phase transitions of symmetric conserved-mass aggregation\n  model on complex networks: We investigate condensation phase transitions of symmetric conserved-mass\naggregation (SCA) model on random networks (RNs) and scale-free networks (SFNs)\nwith degree distribution $P(k) \\sim k^{-\\gamma}$. In SCA model, masses diffuse\nwith unite rate, and unit mass chips off from mass with rate $\\omega$. The\ndynamics conserves total mass density $\\rho$. In the steady state, on RNs and\nSFNs with $\\gamma>3$ for $\\omega \\neq \\infty$, we numerically show that SCA\nmodel undergoes the same type condensation transitions as those on regular\nlattices. However the critical line $\\rho_c (\\omega)$ depends on network\nstructures. On SFNs with $\\gamma \\leq 3$, the fluid phase of exponential mass\ndistribution completely disappears and no phase transitions occurs. Instead,\nthe condensation with exponentially decaying background mass distribution\nalways takes place for any non-zero density. For the existence of the condensed\nphase for $\\gamma \\leq 3$ at the zero density limit, we investigate one\nlamb-lion problem on RNs and SFNs. We numerically show that a lamb survives\nindefinitely with finite survival probability on RNs and SFNs with $\\gamma >3$,\nand dies out exponentially on SFNs with $\\gamma \\leq 3$. The finite life time\nof a lamb on SFNs with $\\gamma \\leq 3$ ensures the existence of the\ncondensation at the zero density limit on SFNs with $\\gamma \\leq 3$ at which\ndirect numerical simulations are practically impossible. At $\\omega = \\infty$,\nwe numerically confirm that complete condensation takes place for any $\\rho >\n0$ on RNs. Together with the recent study on SFNs, the complete condensation\nalways occurs on both RNs and SFNs in zero range process with constant hopping\nrate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Statistical Mechanics. III. Equilibrium Probability: Given are a first principles derivation and formulation of the probabilistic\nconcepts that underly equilibrium quantum statistical mechanics. The transition\nto non-equilibrium probability is traversed briefly.",
        "positive": "Observation of the Lambda Point in the 4He-Vycor System: A Test of\n  Hyperuniversality: We have performed a high resolution specific heat measurement on 4He\ncompletely filling the pores of Vycor glass. Within 10mK of the superfluid\ntransition we have found a peak in the heat capacity which is only 0.02% the\nsize of the background. The peak can be fit with a rounded version of the\n``logarithmic singularity'' observed in bulk 4He. Along with the previously\nobserved ``2/3'' power law dependence of the superfluid density on temperature,\nthis strongly suggests that the disorder imposed by the Vycor is irrelevant to\nthe 3DXY superfluid phase transition. The critical amplitude of the peak, while\nin agreement with that found in other experiments in dilute superfluid 4He, is\nconsiderably larger than that predicted by the theory of hyperuniversality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An experimental test of the Jarzynski equality in a mechanical\n  experiment: We have experimentally checked the Jarzynski equality and the Crooks relation\non the thermal fluctuations of a macroscopic mechanical oscillator in contact\nwith a heat reservoir. We found that, independently of the time scale and\namplitude of the driving force, both relations are satisfied. These results\ngive credit, at least in the case of Gaussian fluctuations, to the use of these\nrelations in biological and chemical systems to estimate the free energy\ndifference between two equilibrium states. An alternative method to estimate of\nthe free nergy difference in isothermal process is proposed too.",
        "positive": "Arrow of time and non-Markovianity in the non equilibrium\n  folding/unfolding of alanine decapeptide in vacuo: We present non equilibrium molecular dynamics experiments of the unfolding\nand refolding of an alanine decapeptide in vacuo subject to a Nose-Hoover\nthermostat. Forward (unfolding) and reverse (refolding) work distribution are\nnumerically calculated for various duration times of the non equilibrium\nexperiments. Crooks theorem is accurately verified for all non equilibrium\nregimes and the time asymmetry of the process is measured using the recently\nproposed Jensen-Shannon divergence [E.H. Fend, G. Crooks, Phys. Rev. Lett, 101,\n090602] . Results on the alanine decapeptide are found similar to recent\nexperimental data on m-RNA molecule, thus evidencing the universal character of\nthe Jensen-Shannon divergence. The patent non-Markovianity of the process is\nrationalized by assuming that the observed forward and reverse distributions\ncan be each described by a combination of two normal distributions satisfying\nthe Crooks theorem, representative of two mutually exclusive linear events.\nSuch bimodal approach reproduce with surprising accuracy the observed non\nMarkovian work distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiple Shocks in a Driven Diffusive System with Two Species of\n  Particles: A one-dimensional driven diffusive system with two types of particles and\nnearest neighbors interactions has been considered on a finite lattice with\nopen boundaries. The particles can enter and leave the system from both ends of\nthe lattice and there is also a probability for converting the particle type at\nthe boundaries. We will show that on a special manifold in the parameters space\nmultiple shocks evolve in the system for both species of particles which\nperform continuous time random walks on the lattice.",
        "positive": "Fluctuations and universality in a catalysis model with long-range\n  reactivity: The critical properties of the Ziff-Gulari-Barshad (ZGB) model with the\naddition of long-range reactivity [C.H. Chan and P.A. Rikvold, Phys. Rev. E 91,\n012103 (2015)] are further investigated. The scaling behaviors of the order\nparameter, susceptibility, and correlation length provide addi- tional evidence\nthat the universality class of the ZGB system changes from the two-dimensional\nIsing class to the mean-field class with the addition of even a weak long-range\nreactivity mechanism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partial transpose of two disjoint blocks in XY spin chains: We consider the partial transpose of the spin reduced density matrix of two\ndisjoint blocks in spin chains admitting a representation in terms of free\nfermions, such as XY chains. We exploit the solution of the model in terms of\nMajorana fermions and show that such partial transpose in the spin variables is\na linear combination of four Gaussian fermionic operators. This representation\nallows to explicitly construct and evaluate the integer moments of the partial\ntranspose. We numerically study critical XX and Ising chains and we show that\nthe asymptotic results for large blocks agree with conformal field theory\npredictions if corrections to the scaling are properly taken into account.",
        "positive": "How the Quasispecies Evolution Depends on the Topology of the Genome\n  Space: We compared the properties of the error threshold transition in quasispecies\nevolution for three different topologies of the genome space. They are a)\nhypercube b) rugged landscape modelled by an ultrametric space, and c) holey\nlandscape modelled by Bethe lattice. In all studied topologies the phase\ntransition exists. We calculated the critical exponents in all the cases. For\nthe critical exponent corresponding to appropriately defined susceptibility we\nfound super-universal value."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature is not an observable in superstatistics: Superstatistics (Physica A 322, 267-275, 2003) is a formalism that attempts\nto explain the presence of distributions other than the Boltzmann-Gibbs\ndistributions in Nature, typically power-law behavior, for systems out of\nequilibrium such as fluids under turbulence, plasmas and gravitational systems.\n  Superstatistics postulates that those systems are found in a superposition of\ncanonical ensembles at different temperatures. The usual interpretation is one\nof local thermal equilibrium (LTE) in the sense of an inhomogeneous temperature\ndistribution in different regions of space or instants of time. Here we show\nthat, in order for superstatistics to be internally consistent, it is\nimpossible to define a phase-space function or observable $B(p, q)$\ncorresponding one-to-one to the local value of $\\beta=1/k_B T$. Temperature\nthen belongs to a different class of observables than the energy, which has as\na phase-space function the Hamiltonian $\\mathcal{H}(p, q)$.\n  An important consequence of our proof is that, in Superstatistics, the\nidentification of temperature with the kinetic energy is limited to the\nexpectation of $\\beta$ and cannot be used to measure the different temperatures\nin LTE or its fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Diffusion of interacting particles in discrete geometries: equilibrium\n  and dynamical properties: We expand on a recent study of a lattice model of interacting particles\n[Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 110601 (2013)]. The adsorption isotherm and equilibrium\nfluctuations in particle number are discussed as a function of the interaction.\nTheir behavior is similar to that of interacting particles in porous materials.\nDifferent expressions for the particle jump rates are derived from transition\nstate theory. Which expression should be used depends on the strength of the\ninter-particle interactions. Analytical expressions for the self- and transport\ndiffusion are derived when correlations, caused by memory effects in the\nenvironment, are neglected. The diffusive behavior is studied numerically with\nkinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations, which reproduces the diffusion including\ncorrelations. The effect of correlations is studied by comparing the analytical\nexpressions with the kMC simulations. It is found that the Maxwell-Stefan\ndiffusion can exceed the self-diffusion. To our knowledge, this is the first\ntime this is observed. The diffusive behavior in one-dimensional and higher\ndimensional systems is qualitatively the same, with the effect of correlations\ndecreasing for increasing dimension. The length dependence of both the self-\nand transport diffusion is studied for one-dimensional systems. For long\nlengths the self-diffusion shows a one over length dependence. Finally, we\ndiscuss when agreement with experiments and simulations can be expected. The\nassumption that particles in different cavities do not interact is expected to\nhold quantitatively at low and medium particle concentrations, if the particles\nare not strongly interacting."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport coefficients for granular suspensions at moderate densities: The Enskog kinetic theory for moderately dense granular suspensions is\nconsidered as a model to determine the Navier-Stokes transport coefficients.\nThe influence of the interstitial gas on solid particles is modeled by a\nviscous drag force term plus a stochastic Langevin-like term. The suspension\nmodel is solved by means of the Chapman--Enskog method conveniently adapted to\ndissipative dynamics. The momentum and heat fluxes as well as the cooling rate\nare obtained to first order in the deviations of the hydrodynamic field\ngradients from their values in the homogeneous steady state. Since the cooling\nterms (arising from collisional dissipation and viscous friction) cannot be\ncompensated for by the energy gained by grains due to collisions with the\ninterstitial gas, the reference distribution (zeroth-order approximation of the\nChapman--Enskog solution) depends on time through its dependence on\ntemperature. On the other hand, to simplify the analysis and given that we are\ninterested in computing transport properties in the first order of deviations\nfrom the reference state, the steady-state conditions are considered. This\nsimplification allows us to get explicit expressions for the Navier--Stokes\ntransport coefficients. As expected, the results show that the dependence of\nthe transport coefficients on both inelasticity and density is clearly\ndifferent from that found in its granular counterpart (no gas phase). Finally,\na linear stability analysis of the hydrodynamic equations with respect to the\nhomogeneous steady state is performed. In contrast to the granular case (no\ngas-phase), no instabilities are found and hence, the homogeneous steady state\nis (linearly) stable.",
        "positive": "Priority diffusion model in lattices and complex networks: We introduce a model for diffusion of two classes of particles ($A$ and $B$)\nwith priority: where both species are present in the same site the motion of\n$A$'s takes precedence over that of $B$'s. This describes realistic situations\nin wireless and communication networks. In regular lattices the diffusion of\nthe two species is normal but the $B$ particles are significantly slower, due\nto the presence of the $A$ particles. From the fraction of sites where the $B$\nparticles can move freely, which we compute analytically, we derive the\ndiffusion coefficients of the two species. In heterogeneous networks the\nfraction of sites where $B$ is free decreases exponentially with the degree of\nthe sites. This, coupled with accumulation of particles in high-degree nodes\nleads to trapping of the low priority particles in scale-free networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of the two dimensional 2A->3A, 4A->0 binary system: The phase transitions of the recently introduced 2A -> 3A, 4A -> 0\nreaction-diffusion model (G.Odor, PRE 69 036112 (2004)) are explored in two\ndimensions. This model exhibits site occupation restriction and explicit\ndiffusion of isolated particles. A reentrant phase diagram in the diffusion -\ncreation rate space is confirmed in agreement with cluster mean-field and\none-dimensional results. For strong diffusion a mean-field transition can be\nobserved at zero branching rate characterized by $\\alpha=1/3$ density decay\nexponent. In contrast with this for weak diffusion the effective 2A ->3A->4A->0\nreaction becomes relevant and the mean-field transition of the 2A -> 3A, 2A ->\n0 model characterized by $\\alpha=1/2$ also appears for non-zero branching\nrates.",
        "positive": "Exact scaling functions for one-dimensional stationary KPZ growth: We determine the stationary two-point correlation function of the\none-dimensional KPZ equation through the scaling limit of a solvable\nmicroscopic model, the polynuclear growth model. The equivalence to a directed\npolymer problem with specific boundary conditions allows one to express the\ncorresponding scaling function in terms of the solution to a Riemann-Hilbert\nproblem related to the Painleve II equation. We solve these equations\nnumerically with very high precision and compare our, up to numerical rounding\nexact, result with the prediction of Colaiori and Moore [1] obtained from the\nmode coupling approximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A model of magnetic friction with the infinite-range interaction: We investigate a model of magnetic friction with the infinite-range\ninteraction by mean field analysis and a numerical simulation, and compare its\nbehavior with that of the short-range model that we considered previously\n[H.~Komatsu, Phys.\\ Rev.\\ E.\\ \\textbf{100}, 052130 (2019)]. This infinite-range\nmodel always obeys the Stokes law when the temperature is higher than the\ncritical value, $T_c$, whereas it shows a crossover or transition from the\nDieterich--Ruina law to the Stokes law when the temperature is lower than\n$T_c$. Considering that the short-range model in our previous study shows a\ncrossover or transition irrespective of whether the temperature is above or\nbelow the equilibrium transition temperature, the behavior in the\nhigh-temperature state is the major difference between these two models.",
        "positive": "Floquet prethermalization in periodically driven classical spin systems: It is proved that the energy absorption in a periodically driven classical\nspin system is exponentially slow in frequency, which results in a two-step\nrelaxation called the Floquet prethermalization. This result is shown by\nestablishing the classical limit of the quantum spin dynamics. The Floquet\nprethermal state is well described by the Gibbs ensemble with respect to the\nstatic effective Hamiltonian obtained by a truncation of the Floquet-Magnus\nexpansion. On the other hand, the same effective Hamiltonian does not reproduce\nthe local dynamics for an exponentially long time. This is due to the\nchaoticity of classical dynamics, and in stark contrast to quantum spin\nsystems, in which the effective Hamiltonian well reproduces the exact quantum\ndynamics up to an exponentially long time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian yet non-Gaussian thermal machines: We investigate the performance of a Brownian thermal machine working in a\nheterogeneous heat bath. The mobility of the heat bath fluctuates and it is\nmodelled as an Ornstein Uhlenbeck process. We trap the Brownian particle with\ntime-dependent harmonic potential and by changing the stiffness coefficient and\nbath temperatures, we perform a Stirling cycle. We numerically calculate the\naverage absorbed work, the average ejected heat and the performance of the heat\npump. For shorter cycle times, we find that the performance of a Brownian yet\nnon-Gaussian heat pump is significantly higher than the normal (Gaussian) heat\npump. We numerically find the coefficient of performance at maximum heating\npower.",
        "positive": "The thermal conductivity of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain at arbitrary\n  temperature: Motivated by recent investigations of transport properties of strongly\ncorrelated 1d models and thermal conductivity measurements of quasi 1d magnetic\nsystems we present results for the integrable spin-1/2 $XXZ$ chain. The thermal\nconductivity $\\kappa(\\omega)$ of this model has $\\Re\\kappa(\\omega)=\\tilde\\kappa\n\\delta(\\omega)$, i.e. it is infinite for zero frequency $\\omega$. The weight\n$\\tilde\\kappa$ of the delta peak is calculated exactly by a lattice path\nintegral formulation. Numerical results for wide ranges of temperature and\nanisotropy are presented. The low and high temperature limits are studied\nanalytically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature dependence of butterfly effect in a classical many-body\n  system: We study the chaotic dynamics in a classical many-body system of interacting\nspins on the kagome lattice. We characterise many-body chaos via the butterfly\neffect as captured by an appropriate out-of-time-ordered correlator. Due to the\nemergence of a spin liquid phase, the chaotic dynamics extends all the way to\nzero temperature. We thus determine the full temperature dependence of two\ncomplementary aspects of the butterfly effect: the Lyapunov exponent, $\\mu$,\nand the butterfly speed, $v_b$, and study their interrelations with usual\nmeasures of spin dynamics such as the spin-diffusion constant, $D$ and\nspin-autocorrelation time, $\\tau$. We find that they all exhibit power law\nbehaviour at low temperature, consistent with scaling of the form $D\\sim\nv_b^2/\\mu$ and $\\tau^{-1}\\sim T$. The vanishing of $\\mu\\sim T^{0.48}$ is\nparametrically slower than that of the corresponding quantum bound, $\\mu\\sim\nT$, raising interesting questions regarding the semi-classical limit of such\nspin systems.",
        "positive": "An expression of excess work during transition between nonequilibrium\n  steady states: Excess work is a non-diverging part of the work during transition between\nnonequilibrium steady states (NESSs). It is a central quantity in the steady\nstate thermodynamics (SST), which is a candidate for nonequilibrium\nthermodynamics theory. We derive an expression of excess work during\nquasistatic transitions between NESSs by using the macroscopic linear response\nrelation of NESS. This expression is a line integral of a vector potential in\nthe space of control parameters. We show a relationship between the vector\npotential and the response function of NESS, and thus obtain a relationship\nbetween the SST and a macroscopic quantity. We also connect the macroscopic\nformulation to microscopic physics through a microscopic expression of the\nnonequilibrium response function, which gives a result consistent with the\nprevious studies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Persistence in higher dimensions : a finite size scaling study: We show that the persistence probability $P(t,L)$, in a coarsening system of\nlinear size $L$ at a time $t$, has the finite size scaling form $P(t,L)\\sim\nL^{-z\\theta}f(\\frac{t}{L^{z}})$ where $\\theta$ is the persistence exponent and\n$z$ is the coarsening exponent. The scaling function $f(x)\\sim x^{-\\theta}$ for\n$x \\ll 1$ and is constant for large $x$. The scaling form implies a fractal\ndistribution of persistent sites with power-law spatial correlations. We study\nthe scaling numerically for Glauber-Ising model at dimension $d = 1$ to 4 and\nextend the study to the diffusion problem. Our finite size scaling ansatz is\nsatisfied in all these cases providing a good estimate of the exponent\n$\\theta$.",
        "positive": "Finite-size Scaling of Correlation Ratio and Generalized Scheme for the\n  Probability-Changing Cluster Algorithm: We study the finite-size scaling (FSS) property of the correlation ratio, the\nratio of the correlation functions with different distances. It is shown that\nthe correlation ratio is a good estimator to determine the critical point of\nthe second-order transition using the FSS analysis. The correlation ratio is\nespecially useful for the analysis of the Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition.\nWe also present a generalized scheme of the probability-changing cluster\nalgorithm, which has been recently developed by the present authors, based on\nthe FSS property of the correlation ratio. We investigate the two-dimensional\nquantum XY model of spin 1/2 with this generalized scheme, obtaining the\nprecise estimate of the KT transition temperature with less numerical effort."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal first-passage statistics of aging processes: Many out of equilibrium phenomena, such as diffusion-limited reactions or\ntarget search processes, are controlled by first-passage events. So far the\ngeneral determination of the mean first-passage time (FPT) to a target in\nconfinement has left aside aging processes, involved in contexts as varied as\nglassy dynamics, tracer diffusion in biological membranes or transport of cold\natoms in optical lattices. Here we consider general non-Markovian\nscale-invariant processes in arbitrary dimension, displaying aging, and\ndemonstrate that all the moments of the FPT obey universal scalings with the\nconfining volume with non trivial exponents. Our analysis shows that a\nnonlinear scaling of the mean FPT with the volume is the hallmark of aging and\nprovides a general tool to quantify its impact on first-passage kinetics in\nconfinement.",
        "positive": "The Falicov-Kimball Model with Long--Range Hopping Matrices: The ground state nature of the Falicov-Kimball model with unconstrained\nhopping of electrons is investigated. We solve the eigenvalue problem in a\npedagogical manner and give a complete account of the ground state energy both\nas a function of the number of electrons and nuclei and as a function of the\ntotal number of particles for any value of interaction U. We also study the\nenergy gap and show the existence of a phase transition characterized by the\nabsence of gap at the half--filled band for U<0. The model in consideration was\nproposed and solved by Farkasovsky for finite lattices and repulsive on-site\ninteraction U>0. Contrary to his proposal we conveniently scale the hopping\nmatrix to guarantee the existence of the thermodynamic limit. We also solve\nthis model with bipartite unconstrained hopping matrices in order to compare\nwith the Kennedy--Lieb variational analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Graph Compression -- Save Information by Exploiting Redundancy: In this paper we raise the question of how to compress sparse graphs. By\nintroducing the idea of redundancy, we find a way to measure the overlap of\nneighbors between nodes in networks. We exploit symmetry and information by\nmaking use of the overlap in neighbors and analyzing how information is reduced\nby shrinking the network and using the specific data structure we created, we\ngeneralize the problem of compression as an optimization problem on the\npossible choices of orbits. To find a reasonably good solution to this problem\nwe use a greedy algorithm to determine the orbit of symmetry identifications,\nto achieve compression. Some example implementations of our algorithm are\nillustrated and analyzed.",
        "positive": "Mean-Field Analysis and Monte Carlo Study of an Interacting Two-Species\n  Catalytic Surface Reaction Model: We study the phase diagram and critical behavior of an interacting one\ndimensional two species monomer-monomer catalytic surface reaction model with a\nreactive phase as well as two equivalent adsorbing phase where one of the\nspecies saturates the system. A mean field analysis including correlations up\nto triplets of sites fails to reproduce the phase diagram found by Monte Carlo\nsimulations. The three phases coexist at a bicritical point whose critical\nbehavior is described by the even branching annihilating random walk\nuniversality class. This work confirms the hypothesis that the conservation\nmodulo 2 of the domain walls under the dynamics at the bicritical point is the\nessential feature in producing critical behavior different from directed\npercolation. The interfacial fluctuations show the same universal behavior seen\nat the bicritical point in a three-species model, supporting the conjecture\nthat these fluctuations are a new universal characteristic of the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations of a swarm of Brownian bees: The ``Brownian bees\" model describes an ensemble of $N$ independent branching\nBrownian particles. When a particle branches into two particles, the particle\nfarthest from the origin is eliminated so as to keep a constant number of\nparticles. In the limit of $N\\to \\infty$, the spatial density of the particles\nis governed by the solution of a free boundary problem for a reaction-diffusion\nequation. At long times the particle density approaches a spherically symmetric\nsteady state solution with a compact support. Here we study fluctuations of the\n``swarm of bees\" due to the random character of the branching Brownian motion\nin the limit of large but finite $N$. We consider a one-dimensional setting and\nfocus on two fluctuating quantities: the swarm center of mass $X(t)$ and the\nswarm radius $\\ell(t)$. Linearizing a pertinent Langevin equation around the\ndeterministic steady state solution, we calculate the two-time covariances of\n$X(t)$ and $\\ell(t)$. The variance of $X(t)$ directly follows from the\ncovariance of $X(t)$, and it scales as $1/N$ as to be expected from the law of\nlarge numbers. The variance of $\\ell(t)$ behaves differently: it exhibits an\nanomalous scaling $\\ln N/N$. This anomaly appears because all spatial scales,\nincluding a narrow region near the edges of the swarm where only a few\nparticles are present, give a significant contribution to the variance. We\nargue that the variance of $\\ell(t)$ can be obtained from the covariance of\n$\\ell(t)$ by introducing a cutoff at the microscopic time $1/N$ where the\ncontinuum Langevin description breaks down. Our theoretical predictions are in\ngood agreement with Monte-Carlo simulations of the microscopic model.\nGeneralizations to higher dimensions are briefly discussed.",
        "positive": "Tensionless structure of glassy phase: We study a class of homogeneous finite-dimensional Ising models which were\nrecently shown to exhibit glassy properties. Monte Carlo simulations of a\nparticular three-dimensional model in this class show that the glassy phase\nobtained under slow cooling is dominated by large scale excitations whose\nenergy $E_l$ scales with their size $l$ as $E_l\\sim l^{\\Theta}$ with\n$\\Theta\\sim 1.33(5)$. Simulations suggest that in another model of this class,\nnamely the four-spin model, energy is concentrated mainly in linear defects\nmaking also in this case domain walls tensionless. Two-dimensinal variants of\nthese models are trivial and energy of excitations scales with the exponent\n$\\Theta=1.05(5)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Stability: In this talk I will introduce the principle of stochastic stability and\ndiscussing its consequences both at equilibrium and off-equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Quantum Smoluchowski equation: A systematic study: The strong friction regime at low temperatures is analyzed systematically\nstarting from the formally exact path integral expression for the reduced\ndynamics. This quantum Smoluchowski regime allows for a type of semiclassical\ntreatment in the inverse friction strength so that higher order quantum\ncorrections to the original quantum Smoluchowski equation [PRL 87, 086802\n(2001), PRL 101, 11903 (2008)] can be derived. Drift and diffusion coefficients\nare determined by the equilibrium distribution in position and are directly\nrelated to the corresponding action of extremal paths and fluctuations around\nthem. It is shown that the inclusion of higher order corrections reproduces the\nquantum enhancement above crossover for the decay rate out of a metastable well\nexactly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Projection operator approach to spin diffusion in the anisotropic\n  Heisenberg chain at high temperatures: We investigate spin transport in the anisotropic Heisenberg chain in the\nlimit of high temperatures ({\\beta} \\to 0). We particularly focus on diffusion\nand the quantitative evaluation of diffusion constants from current\nautocorrelations as a function of the anisotropy parameter {\\Delta} and the\nspin quantum number s. Our approach is essentially based on an application of\nthe time-convolutionless (TCL) projection operator technique. Within this\nperturbative approach the projection onto the current yields the decay of\nautocorrelations to lowest order of {\\Delta}. The resulting diffusion constants\nscale as 1/{\\Delta}^2 in the Markovian regime {\\Delta}<<1 (s=1/2) and as\n1/{\\Delta} in the highly non-Markovian regime above {\\Delta} \\sim 1 (arbitrary\ns). In the latter regime the dependence on s appears approximately as an\noverall scaling factor \\sqrt{s(s+1)} only. These results are in remarkably good\nagreement with diffusion constants for {\\Delta}>1 which are obtained directly\nfrom the exact diagonalization of autocorrelations or have been obtained from\nnon-equilibrium bath scenarios.",
        "positive": "Quantized circular motion of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate:\n  coherent rotation and vortices: We study the creation of vortex states in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate\nby a rotating force. For a harmonic trapping potential the rotating force\ninduces only a circular motion of the whole condensate around the trap center\nwhich does not depend on the interatomic interaction. For the creation of a\npure vortex state it is necessary to confine the atoms in an anharmonic\ntrapping potential. The efficiency of the creation can be greatly enhanced by a\nsinusodial variation of the force's angular velocity. We present analytical and\nnumerical calculations for the case of a quartic trapping potential. The\nphysical mechanism behind the requirement of an anharmonic trapping potential\nfor the creation of pure vortex states is explained.\n  [Changes: new numerical and analytical results are added and the\nrepresentation is improved.]"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Out-of-equilibrium states as statistical equilibria of an effective\n  dynamics: We study the formation of coherent structures in a system with long-range\ninteractions where particles moving on a circle interact through a repulsive\ncosine potential. Non equilibrium structures are shown to correspond to\nstatistical equilibria of an effective dynamics, which is derived using\naveraging techniques. This simple behavior might be a prototype of others\nobserved in more complicated systems with long-range interactions, like\ntwo-dimensional incompressible fluids or self-gravitating systems.",
        "positive": "Memory-preserving equilibration after a quantum quench in a 1d critical\n  model: One of the fundamental principles of statistical physics is that only partial\ninformation about a system's state is required for its macroscopic description.\nThis is not only true for thermal ensembles, but also for the unconventional\nensemble, known as Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE), that is expected to\ndescribe the relaxation of integrable systems after a quantum quench. By\nanalytically studying the quench dynamics in a prototypical one-dimensional\ncritical model, the massless free bosonic field theory, we find evidence of a\nnovel type of equilibration characterized by the preservation of an enormous\namount of memory of the initial state that is accessible by local measurements.\nIn particular, we show that the equilibration retains memory of non-Gaussian\ninitial correlations, in contrast to the case of massive free evolution which\nerases all such memory. The GGE in its standard form, being a Gaussian\nensemble, fails to predict correctly the equilibrium values of local\nobservables, unless the initial state is Gaussian itself. Our findings show\nthat the equilibration of a broad class of quenches whose evolution is\ndescribed by Luttinger liquid theory with an initial state that is non-Gaussian\nin terms of the bosonic field, is not correctly captured by the corresponding\nbosonic GGE, raising doubts about the validity of the latter in general\none-dimensional gapless integrable systems such as the Lieb-Liniger model. We\nalso propose that the same experiment by which the GGE was recently observed\n[Langen et al., Science 348 (2015) 207-211] can also be used to observe its\nfailure, simply by starting from a non-Gaussian initial state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Isomorph invariance of classical crystals' structure and dynamics: This paper shows by computer simulations that some crystalline systems have\ncurves in their thermodynamic phase diagrams, so-called isomorphs, along which\nstructure and dynamics in reduced units are invariant to a good approximation.\nThe crystals are studied in a classical-mechanical framework, which is\ngenerally a good description except significantly below melting. The existence\nof isomorphs for crystals is validated by simulations of particles interacting\nvia the Lennard-Jones pair potential arranged into a face-centered cubic (FCC)\ncrystalline structure; the slow vacancy-jump dynamics of a defective FCC\ncrystal is also shown to be isomorph invariant. In contrast, a NaCl crystal\nmodel does not exhibit isomorph invariances. Other systems simulated, though in\nless detail, are the Wahnstrom binary Lennard-Jones crystal with the ${\\rm\nMgZn_2}$ Laves crystal structure, monatomic FCC crystals of particles\ninteracting via the Buckingham pair potential and via a novel purely repulsive\npair potential diverging at a finite separation, an ortho-terphenyl molecular\nmodel, and SPC/E hexagonal ice. Except for NaCl and ice, the crystals simulated\nall have isomorphs. Based on these findings and previous simulations of liquid\nmodels, we conjecture that crystalline solids with isomorphs include most or\nall formed by atoms or molecules interacting via metallic or van der Waals\nforces, whereas covalently- or hydrogen-bonded crystals are not expected to\nhave isomorphs. Crystals of ions or dipolar molecules constitute a limiting\ncase for which isomorphs are only expected when the Coulomb interactions are\nrelatively weak. We briefly discuss the consequences of the findings for\ntheories of melting and crystallization.",
        "positive": "A Quantum Description of Brownian Motion and the RC Circuit: An equation for the reduced density matrix which describes a free particle,\nthat is interacting with a linearly dissipative medium, is derived using the\ntotal Hamiltonian, and without resorting to any artificial model.\n  A Master equation is also obtained for the dissipative medium. The theory\nerases the notion of the reservoir. It is shown that the dynamical interaction\nwith the medium is not completely determined by the friction constant (or the\ncorresponding fluctuation-dissipation relation). Unexpectedly, through the\ndensity-density correlation, the longitudinal dielectric function is shown to\nplay a critical role."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic properties of a trapped Bose gas : A diffusion Monte Carlo\n  study: We investigate the thermodynamic properties of a trappoed Bose gas of Rb\natoms interacting through a repulsive potential by Quantum Monte Carlo method\nbased upon the generalization of Feynman-Kac method[1] applicable to many body\nsystems at T=0 to finite temperatures. In this letter,we report the temperature\nvariation of condensation fraction, chemical potential,density profile, total\nenergy of the system, release energy, frequency shifts and moment of inertia\nwithin the realistic potential (Morse type) for the first time by diffusion\nMonte Carlo technique. The most remarkable success was in achieving the same\ntrend in the temperature variation of frequency shifts as was observed in\nJILA[2] for m=2 and m=0 modes . For other things we agree with the work of\nGiorgini et al[3] Pitaevskii et al[4] and Krauth[5]",
        "positive": "Diffusion transitions in a 2D periodic lattice: Spatial diffusion of particles in periodic potential models has provided a\ngood framework for studying the role of chaos in global properties of classical\nsystems. Here a bidimensional \"soft\" billiard, classically modeled from an\noptical lattice hamiltonian system, is used to study diffusion transitions with\nthe control parameters variation. Sudden transitions between normal and\nballistic regimes are found and characterized by inspection of the topological\nchanges in phase-space. Transitions correlated with increases in global\nstability area are shown to occur for energy levels where local maxima points\nbecome accessible, deviating trajectories approaching it. These instabilities\npromote a slowing down of the dynamics and an island myriad bifurcation\nphenomenon, along with the suppression of long flights within the lattice.\nOther diffusion regime variations occurring during small intervals of control\nparameters are shown to be related to the emergence of a set of orbits with\nlong flights, thus altering the total average displacement for long integration\ntimes but without global changes in phase-space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the status of the Born-Oppenheimer expansion in molecular systems\n  theory: It is shown that the adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer expansion does not satisfy\nthe necessary condition for the applicability of perturbation theory. A simple\nexample of an exact solution of a problem that can not be obtained from the\nBorn-Oppenheimer expansion is given. A new version of perturbation theory for\nmolecular systems is proposed.",
        "positive": "Percolation Thresholds in Hyperbolic Lattices: We use invasion percolation to compute numerical values for bond and site\npercolation thresholds $p_c$ (existence of an infinite cluster) and $p_u$\n(uniqueness of the infinite cluster) of tesselations $\\{P,Q\\}$ of the\nhyperbolic plane, where $Q$ faces meet at each vertex and each face is a\n$P$-gon. Our values are accurate to six or seven decimal places, allowing us to\nexplore their functional dependency on $P$ and $Q$ and to numerically compute\ncritical exponents. We also prove rigorous upper and lower bounds for $p_c$ and\n$p_u$ that can be used to find the scaling of both thresholds as a function of\n$P$ and $Q$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions: A Geometric Picture: The Loschmidt echo (LE) is a purely quantum-mechanical quantity whose\ndetermination for large quantum many-body systems requires an exceptionally\nprecise knowledge of all eigenstates and eigenenergies. One might therefore be\ntempted to dismiss the applicability of any approximations to the underlying\ntime evolution as hopeless. However, using the fully connected transverse-field\nIsing model (FC-TFIM) as an example, we show that this indeed is not the case,\nand that a simple semiclassical approximation to systems well described by\nmean-field theory (MFT) is in fact in good quantitative agreement with the\nexact quantum-mechanical calculation. Beyond the potential to capture the\nentire dynamical phase diagram of these models, the method presented here also\nallows for an intuitive geometric interpretation of the fidelity return rate at\nany temperature, thereby connecting the order parameter dynamics and the\nLoschmidt echo in a common framework. Videos of the post-quench dynamics\nprovided in the supplemental material visualize this new point of view.",
        "positive": "Quantum Monte Carlo scheme for frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnets: When one tries to simulate quantum spin systems by the Monte Carlo method,\noften the 'minus-sign problem' is encountered. In such a case, an application\nof probabilistic methods is not possible. In this paper the method has been\nproposed how to avoid the minus sign problem for certain class of frustrated\nHeisenberg models. The systems where this method is applicable are, for\ninstance, the pyrochlore lattice and the $J_1-J_2$ Heisenberg model. The method\nworks in singlet sector. It relies on expression of wave functions in dimer\n(pseudo)basis and writing down the Hamiltonian as a sum over plaquettes. In\nsuch a formulation, matrix elements of the exponent of Hamiltonian are\npositive."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Impurity in a sheared inelastic Maxwell gas: The Boltzmann equation for inelastic Maxwell models is considered in order to\ninvestigate the dynamics of an impurity (or intruder) immersed in a granular\ngas driven by a uniform shear flow. The analysis is based on an exact solution\nof the Boltzmann equation for a granular binary mixture. It applies for\nconditions arbitrarily far from equilibrium (arbitrary values of the shear rate\n$a$) and for arbitrary values of the parameters of the mixture (particle masses\n$m_i$, mole fractions $x_i$, and coefficients of restitution $\\alpha_{ij}$). In\nthe tracer limit where the mole fraction of the intruder species vanishes, a\nnon equilibrium phase transition takes place. We thereby identity ordered\nphases where the intruder bears a finite contribution to the properties of the\nmixture, in a region of parameter space that is worked out in detail. These\nfindings extend previous results obtained for ordinary Maxwell gases, and\nfurther show that dissipation leads to new ordered phases.",
        "positive": "Target annihilation by diffusing particles in inhomogeneous geometries: The survival probability of immobile targets, annihilated by a population of\nrandom walkers on inhomogeneous discrete structures, such as disordered solids,\nglasses, fractals, polymer networks and gels, is analytically investigated. It\nis shown that, while it cannot in general be related to the number of distinct\nvisited points, as in the case of homogeneous lattices, in the case of bounded\ncoordination numbers its asymptotic behaviour at large times can still be\nexpressed in terms of the spectral dimension $\\widetilde {d}$, and its exact\nanalytical expression is given. The results show that the asymptotic survival\nprobability is site independent on recurrent structures ($\\widetilde{d}\\leq2$),\nwhile on transient structures ($\\widetilde{d}>2$) it can strongly depend on the\ntarget position, and such a dependence is explicitly calculated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of fermions in a $d$-dimensional box near a hard wall: We study $N$ noninteracting fermions in a domain bounded by a hard wall\npotential in $d \\geq 1$ dimensions. We show that for large $N$, the\ncorrelations at the edge of the Fermi gas (near the wall) at zero temperature\nare described by a universal kernel, different from the universal edge kernel\nvalid for smooth potentials. We compute this $d$ dimensional hard edge kernel\nexactly for a spherical domain and argue, using a generalized method of images,\nthat it holds close to any sufficiently smooth boundary. As an application we\ncompute the quantum statistics of the position of the fermion closest to the\nwall. Our results are then extended in several directions, including non-smooth\nboundaries such as a wedge, and also to finite temperature.",
        "positive": "Analytical Studies on a Modified Nagel-Schreckenberg Model with the\n  Fukui-Ishibashi Acceleration Rule: We propose and study a one-dimensional traffic flow cellular automaton model\nof high-speed vehicles with the Fukui-Ishibashi-type (FI) acceleration rule for\nall cars, and the Nagel-Schreckenberg-type (NS) stochastic delay mechanism. By\nusing the car-oriented mean field theory, we obtain analytically the\nfundamental diagrams of the average speed and vehicle flux depending on the\nvehicle density and stochastic delay probability. Our theoretical results,\nwhich may contribute to the exact analytical theory of the NS model, are in\nexcellent agreement with numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partitioning of a polymer chain between a confining cavity and a gel: A lattice field theory approach to the statistical mechanics of charged\npolymers in electrolyte solutions [S. Tsonchev, R. D. Coalson, and A. Duncan,\nPhys. Rev. E 60, 4257, (1999)] is applied to the study of a polymer chain\ncontained in a spherical cavity but able to diffuse into a surrounding gel. The\ndistribution of the polymer chain between the cavity and the gel is described\nby its partition coefficient, which is computed as a function of the number of\nmonomers in the chain, the monomer charge, and the ion concentrations in the\nsolution.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium Entropy and Dynamics in a System with Long-Range\n  Interactions: The core-halo approach of Levin et al.\\ [Phys.\\ Rep.\\ {\\bf 535}, 1 (2014)]\nfor the violent relaxation of long-range interacting systems with a waterbag\ninitial conditions is revisited for the case of the Hamiltonian Mean Field\nmodel. The Gibbs entropy maximization principle is considered with the\nconstraints of energy conservation and of infinite Casimir invariants of the\nVlasov equation. All parameters in the core-halo distribution function are then\ncompletely determined without resorting to the envelope equation for the\ncontour of the initial state, which was required in the original approach. We\nalso show that a different ansatz is possible for the core-halo distribution\nwith similar or even better results. This work also evidences a link between a\nparametric resonance causing the non-equilibrium phase transition in the HMF\nmodel, a purely dynamical property, and a discontinuity of the\n(non-equilibrium) entropy of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral Density of Complex Networks with a Finite Mean Degree: In order to clarify the statistical features of complex networks, the\nspectral density of adjacency matrices has often been investigated. Adopting a\nstatic model introduced by Goh, Kahng and Kim, we analyse the spectral density\nof complex scale free networks. For that purpose, we utilize the replica method\nand effective medium approximation (EMA) in statistical mechanics. As a result,\nwe identify a new integral equation which determines the asymptotic spectral\ndensity of scale free networks with a finite mean degree $p$. In the limit $p\n\\to \\infty$, known asymptotic formulae are rederived. Moreover, the $1/p$\ncorrections to known results are analytically calculated by a perturbative\nmethod.",
        "positive": "Critical behavior in lattice models with two symmetric absorbing state: We analyze nonequilibrium lattice models with up-down symmetry and two\nabsorbing states by mean-field approximations and numerical simulations in two\nand three dimensions. The phase diagram displays three phases: paramagnetic,\nferromagnetic and absorbing. The transition line between the first two phases\nbelongs to the Ising universality class and between the last two, to the direct\npercolation universality class. The two lines meet at the point describing the\nvoter model and the size $\\ell$ of the ferromagnetic phase vanishes with the\ndistance $\\varepsilon$ to the voter point as $\\ell\\sim\\varepsilon$, with\npossible logarithm corrections in two dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective Langevin equations for constrained stochastic processes: We propose a novel stochastic method to exactly generate Brownian paths\nconditioned to start at an initial point and end at a given final point during\na fixed time $t_{f}$. These paths are weighted with a probability given by the\noverdamped Langevin dynamics. We show how these paths can be exactly generated\nby a local stochastic differential equation. The method is illustrated on the\ngeneration of Brownian bridges, Brownian meanders, Brownian excursions and\nconstrained Ornstein-Uehlenbeck processes. In addition, we show how to solve\nthis equation in the case of a general force acting on the particle. As an\nexample, we show how to generate constrained path joining the two minima of a\ndouble-well. Our method allows to generate statistically independent paths, and\nis computationally very efficient.",
        "positive": "Cooperative Dynamics in a Network of Stochastic Elements with Delayed\n  Feedback: Networks of globally coupled, noise activated, bistable elements with\nconnection time delays are considered. The dynamics of these systems is studied\nnumerically using a Langevin description and analytically using (1) a Gaussian\napproximation as well as (2) a dichotomous model. The system demonstrates\nordering phase transitions and multi-stability. That is, for a strong enough\nfeedback it exhibits nontrivial stationary states and oscillatory states whose\nfrequencies depend only on the mean of the time delay distribution function.\nOther observed dynamical phenomena include coherence resonance and, in the case\nof non-uniform coupling strengths, amplitude death and chaos. Furthermore, an\nincrease of the stability of the trivial equilibrium with increasing\nnon-uniformity of the time delays is observed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear Response With Dichotomous Noise: Dichotomous noise appears in a wide variety of physical and mathematical\nmodels. It has escaped attention that the standard results for the long time\nproperties cannot be applied when unstable fixed points are crossed in the\nasymptotic regime. We show how calculations have to be modified to deal with\nthese cases and present as a first application full analytic results for\nhypersensitive transport.",
        "positive": "Energy fluctuations in one dimensional Zhang sandpile model: We consider the Zhang sandpile model in one-dimension (1D) with locally\nconservative (or dissipative) dynamics and examine its total energy\nfluctuations at the external drive time scale. The bulk-driven system leads to\nLorentzian spectra, with a cutoff time $T$ growing linearly with the system\nsize $L$. The fluctuations show $1/f^{\\alpha}$ behavior with $\\alpha \\sim 1$\nfor the boundary drive, and the cutoff time varies non-linearly. For\nconservative local dynamics, the cutoff time shows a power-law growth $T \\sim\nL^{\\lambda}$ that differs from an exponential form $ \\sim \\exp(\\mu L)$ observed\nfor the nonconservative case. We suggest that the local dissipation is not a\nnecessary ingredient of the system in 1D to get the $1/f$ noise, and the cutoff\ntime can reveal the distinct nature of the local dynamics. We also discuss the\nenergy fluctuations for locally nonconservative dynamics with random\ndissipation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Symmetry-resolved entanglement in many-body systems: Similarly to the system Hamiltonian, a subsystem's reduced density matrix is\ncomposed of blocks characterized by symmetry quantum numbers (charge sectors).\nWe present a geometric approach for extracting the contribution of individual\ncharge sectors to the subsystem's entanglement measures within the replica\ntrick method, via threading appropriate conjugate Aharonov-Bohm fluxes through\na multi-sheet Riemann surface. Specializing to the case of 1+1D conformal field\ntheory, we obtain general exact results for the entanglement entropies and\nspectrum, and apply them to a variety of systems, ranging from free and\ninteracting fermions to spin and parafermion chains, and verify them\nnumerically. We find that the total entanglement entropy, which scales as $\\ln\nL$, is composed of $\\sqrt{\\ln L}$ contributions of individual subsystem charge\nsectors for interacting fermion chains, or even $\\mathcal{O} (L^0)$\ncontributions when total spin conservation is also accounted for. We also\nexplain how measurements of the contribution to the entanglement from separate\ncharge sectors can be performed experimentally with existing techniques.",
        "positive": "Trajectory end point distribution of a test particle in the atmosphere: The classic meteorological law of diffusion in the atmosphere was given\nexperimentally, by Richardson in 1926, whose result that the mean squared\ndistance <R^2>=cT^3, the time cubed, is in accord with the scaling theory of\nKomogorov [ Obukhov (1941)]. In some cases it might be important to have more\ninformation than that provided by Richardson's law. An example would be the\ndistribution of pollutants in time by turbulent flow. Here small amounts of\nmaterial reaching relatively large distances are of importance. This motivates\nour interest in the full distribution of the location of particles swept by the\nfluid as a function of time. The distribution depends on the distance through\nthe dimensionless quantity X^2=R^2/<R^2(T)> . Using the Kolmogorov picture, we\nfind that for small X, the distribution is proportional to exp(-aX^2) and\nexp(-bX^4/3) at its tail when X is large."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Randomly dilute spin models: a six-loop field-theoretic study: We consider the Ginzburg-Landau MN-model that describes M N-vector cubic\nmodels with O(M)-symmetric couplings. We compute the renormalization-group\nfunctions to six-loop order in d=3. We focus on the limit N -> 0 which\ndescribes the critical behaviour of an M-vector model in the presence of weak\nquenched disorder. We perform a detailed analysis of the perturbative series\nfor the random Ising model (M=1). We obtain for the critical exponents: gamma =\n1.330(17), nu = 0.678(10), eta = 0.030(3), alpha=-0.034(30), beta = 0.349(5),\nomega = 0.25(10). For M > 1 we show that the O(M) fixed point is stable, in\nagreement with general non-perturbative arguments, and that no random fixed\npoint exists.",
        "positive": "Testing whether all eigenstates obey the Eigenstate Thermalization\n  Hypothesis: We ask whether the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) is valid in a\nstrong sense: in the limit of an infinite system, {\\it every} eigenstate is\nthermal. We examine expectation values of few-body operators in highly-excited\nmany-body eigenstates and search for `outliers', the eigenstates that deviate\nthe most from ETH. We use exact diagonalization of two one-dimensional\nnonintegrable models: a quantum Ising chain with transverse and longitudinal\nfields, and hard-core bosons at half-filling with nearest- and\nnext-nearest-neighbor hopping and interaction. We show that even the most\nextreme outliers appear to obey ETH as the system size increases, and thus\nprovide numerical evidences that support ETH in this strong sense. Finally,\nperiodically driving the Ising Hamiltonian, we show that the eigenstates of the\ncorresponding Floquet operator obey ETH even more closely. We attribute this\nbetter thermalization to removing the constraint of conservation of the total\nenergy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Static interfacial properties of Bose-Einstein condensate mixtures: Interfacial profiles and interfacial tensions of phase-separated binary\nmixtures of Bose-Einstein condensates are studied theoretically. The two\ncondensates are characterized by their respective healing lengths $\\xi_1$ and\n$\\xi_2$ and by the inter-species repulsive interaction $K$. An exact solution\nto the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equations is obtained for the special case\n$\\xi_2/\\xi_1 = 1/2$ and $K = 3/2$. Furthermore, applying a double-parabola\napproximation (DPA) to the energy density featured in GP theory allows us to\ndefine a DPA model, which is much simpler to handle than GP theory but\nnevertheless still captures the main physics. In particular, a compact analytic\nexpression for the interfacial tension is derived that is useful for all\n$\\xi_1, \\xi_2$ and $K$. An application to wetting phenomena is presented for\ncondensates adsorbed at an optical wall. The wetting phase boundary obtained\nwithin the DPA model nearly coincides with the exact one in GP theory.",
        "positive": "A Variational Perturbation Approximation Method in Tsallis Non-Extensive\n  Statistical Physics: For the generalized statistical mechanics based on the Tsallis entropy, a\nvariational perturbation approximation method with the principle of minimal\nsensitivity is developed by calculating the generalized free energy up to the\nthird order in variational perturbation expansion. The approximation up to the\nfirst order amounts to a variational approach which covers the variational\nmethod developed in Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 218 (1998) by Lenzi $et al$, and the\napproximations up to higher orders can systematically improve variational\nresult. As an illustrated example, the generalized free energy for a classical\nharmonic oscillator (considered in the Lenzi's joint work) are calculated up to\nthe third order, and the resultant approximations up to the first, second, and\nthird orders are numerically compared with the exact result."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the role of composition entropies in the statistical mechanics of\n  polydisperse systems: Polydisperse systems are commonly encountered when dealing with soft matter\nin general or any non simple fluid. Yet their treatment within the framework of\nstatistical thermodynamics is a delicate task as the latter has been\nessentially devised for simple --- non fully polydisperse --- systems. In this\npaper, we address the issue of defining a non ambiguous combinatorial entropy\nfor these systems. We do so by focusing on the general property of extensivity\nof the thermodynamic potentials and discussing a specific mixing experiment.\nThis leads us to introduce the new concept of composition entropy for single\nphase systems that we do not assimilate to a mixing entropy. We then show that\nthey do not contribute to the thermodynamics of the system at fixed composition\nand prescribe to substract $\\ln N!$ from the free energy characterizing a\nsystem however polydisperse it can be. We then re-derive general expressions\nfor the mixing entropy between any two polydisperse systems and interpret them\nin term of distances between probability distributions and show that one of\nthese metrics relates naturally to a recent extension of Landauer's principle.\nWe then propose limiting expressions for the mixing entropy in the case of\nmixing with equal proportion in the original compositions and finally address\nthe challenging problem of chemical reactions.",
        "positive": "Current fluctuations across a nanopore: The frequency-dependent spectrum of current fluctuations through nano-scale\nchannels is studied using analytical and computational techniques. Using a\nstochastic Nernst-Planck description and neglecting the interactions between\nthe ions inside the channel, an expression is derived for the current\nfluctuations, assuming that the geometry of the channel can be incorporated\nthrough the lower limits for various wave-vector modes. Since the resulting\nexpression turns out to be quite complex, a number of further approximations\nare discussed such that relatively simple expressions can be used for practical\npurposes. The analytical results are validated using Langevin dynamics\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On-lattice coalescence and annihilation of immobile reactants in\n  loopless lattices and beyond: We study the behavior of the chemical reactions $A+A\\to A+S$ and $A+A\\to S+S$\n(where the reactive species $A$ and the inert species $S$ are both assumed to\nbe immobile) embedded on Bethe lattices of arbitrary coordination number $z$\nand on a two-dimensional (2D) square lattice. For the Bethe lattice case, exact\nsolutions for the coverage in the $A$ species in terms of the initial condition\nare obtained. In particular, our results hold for the important case of an\ninfinite one-dimensional (1D) lattice ($z=2$). The method is based on an\nexpansion in terms of conditional probabilities which exploits a Markovian\nproperty of these systems. Along the same lines, an approximate solution for\nthe case of a 2D square lattice is developed. The effect of dilution in a\nrandom initial condition is discussed in detail, both for the lattice coverage\nand for the spatial distribution of reactants.",
        "positive": "Anomalous interfacial temperature profile induced by phonon localization: Through the integration of the power spectral density, we obtain temperature\nprofiles of both multi-segment harmonic and anharmonic systems, showing the\npresence of an anomalous negative temperature gradient inside the interfacial\nsegment. Via investigating patterns of the power spectral density, we found\nthat the counterintuitive phenomenon comes from the presence of interfacial\nlocalized phonon modes. Two out-band localized modes of the harmonic model,\nwhich make no contributions to local temperature due to the absence of phonon\ninteractions, result in the concave temperature profile and over-cooling\neffect. For the anharmonic model, thanks to the phonon-phonon interactions, the\nlocalized modes are excited and make considerable contributions to interfacial\ntemperature, which is clearly shown by examining the temperature accumulation\nfunction. When anharmonicity is considerably large, the negative temperature\ngradient is absent since the localized phonon modes are fully mixed. The\npresence of localized modes are evidently demonstrated by the inverse\nparticipation ratio and normal mode analysis for the isolated harmonic model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cluster nonequilibrium relaxation in Ising models observed with the\n  Binder ratio: The Binder ratios exhibit discrepancy from the Gaussian behavior of the\nmagnetic cumulants, and their size independence at the critical point has been\nwidely utilized in numerical studies of critical phenomena. In the present\narticle we reformulate the nonequilibrium relaxation (NER) analysis in cluster\nalgorithms using the $(2,1)$-Binder ratio, and apply this scheme to the two-\nand three-dimensional Ising models. Although the stretched-exponential\nrelaxation behavior at the critical point is not explicitly observed in this\nquantity, we find that there exists a logarithmic finite-size scaling formula\nwhich can be related with a similar formula recently derived in cluster NER of\nthe correlation length, and that the formula enables precise evaluation of the\ncritical point and the stretched-exponential relaxation exponent $\\sigma$.\nPhysical background of this novel behavior is explained by the simulation-time\ndependence of the distribution function of magnetization in two dimensions and\ntemperature dependence of $\\sigma$ obtained from magnetization in three\ndimensions.",
        "positive": "How to kick a soliton ?: A simple method how to study response of solitons in dissipative systems to\nexternal impulsive perturbations is developed. Thanks to nontrivial choice of\nsmall parameter, the perturbative scheme captures genuine nonlinear phenomena.\nThe method is developed and tested by numerical simulations for kinks in 1+1\ndimensions and for skyrmions in 2+1 dimensions. Extension to models including\nsecond order time derivatives is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact dynamical coarse-graining without time-scale separation: A family of collective variables is proposed to perform exact dynamical\ncoarse-graining even in systems without time scale separation. More precisely,\nit is shown that these variables are not slow in general but they satisfy an\noverdamped Langevin equation that statistically preserves the sequence in which\nany regions in collective variable space are visited and permits to calculate\nexactly the mean first passage times from any such region to another. The role\nof the free energy and diffusion coefficient in this overdamped Langevin\nequation is discussed, along with the way they transform under any change of\nvariable in collective variable space. These results apply both for systems\nwith and without inertia, and they can be generalized to using several\ncollective variables simultaneously. The view they offer on what makes\ncollective variables and reaction coordinates optimal breaks from the standard\nnotion that good collective variable must be slow variable, and it suggests new\nways to interpret data from molecular dynamic simulations and experiments.",
        "positive": "Discretization Dependence of Criticality in Model Fluids: a Hard-core\n  Electrolyte: Grand canonical simulations at various levels, $\\zeta=5$-20, of fine- lattice\ndiscretization are reported for the near-critical 1:1 hard-core electrolyte or\nRPM. With the aid of finite-size scaling analyses it is shown convincingly\nthat, contrary to recent suggestions, the universal critical behavior is\nindependent of $\\zeta$ $(\\grtsim 4)$; thus the continuum $(\\zeta\\to\\infty)$ RPM\nexhibits Ising-type (as against classical, SAW, XY, etc.) criticality. A\ngeneral consideration of lattice discretization provides effective\nextrapolation of the {\\em intrinsically} erratic $\\zeta$-dependence, yielding\n$(\\Tc^ {\\ast},\\rhoc^{\\ast})\\simeq (0.0493_{3},0.075)$ for the $\\zeta=\\infty$\nRPM."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Estimate of blow-up and relaxation time for self-gravitating Brownian\n  particles and bacterial populations: We determine an asymptotic expression of the blow-up time t_coll for\nself-gravitating Brownian particles or bacterial populations (chemotaxis) close\nto the critical point. We show that t_coll=t_{*}(eta-eta_c)^{-1/2} with\nt_{*}=0.91767702..., where eta represents the inverse temperature (for Brownian\nparticles) or the mass (for bacterial colonies), and eta_c is the critical\nvalue of eta above which the system blows up. This result is in perfect\nagreement with the numerical solution of the Smoluchowski-Poisson system. We\nalso determine the asymptotic expression of the relaxation time close but above\nthe critical temperature and derive a large time asymptotic expansion for the\ndensity profile exactly at the critical point.",
        "positive": "Scale Dependent Dimension in the Forest Fire Model: The forest fire model is a reaction-diffusion model where energy, in the form\nof trees, is injected uniformly, and burned (dissipated) locally. We show that\nthe spatial distribution of fires forms a novel geometric structure where the\nfractal dimension varies continuously with the length scale. In the three\ndimensional model, the dimensions varies from zero to three, proportional with\n$log(l)$, as the length scale increases from $l \\sim 1$ to a correlation length\n$l=\\xi$. Beyond the correlation length, which diverges with the growth rate $p$\nas ${\\xi} \\propto p^{-2/3}$, the distribution becomes homogeneous. We suggest\nthat this picture applies to the ``intermediate range'' of turbulence where it\nprovides a natural interpretation of the extended scaling that has been\nobserved at small length scales. Unexpectedly, it might also be applicable to\nthe spatial distribution of luminous matter in the universe. In the\ntwo-dimensional version, the dimension increases to D=1 at a length scale $l\n\\sim 1/p$, where there is a cross-over to homogeneity, i. e. a jump from D=1 to\nD=2."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Searching for a partially absorbing target by a run-and-tumble particle\n  in a confined space: A random search of a partially absorbing target by a run-and-tumble particle\nin a confined one-dimensional space is investigated. We analytically obtain the\nmean searching time, which shows a non-monotonic behavior as a function of the\nself-propulsion speed of the active particle, indicating the existence of an\noptimal speed, when the absorption strength of the target is finite. In the\nlimit of large and small absorption strengths, respectively, asymptotes of the\nmean searching time and the optimal speed are found. We also demonstrate that\nthe first-passage problem of a diffusive run-and-tumble particle in high\ndimensions can be mapped into a one-dimensional problem with a partially\nabsorbing target. Finally, as a practical application exploiting the existence\nof the optimal speed, we propose a filtering device to extract active particles\nwith a desired speed and evaluate how the resolution of the filtering device\ndepends on the absorption strength.",
        "positive": "Continuum mechanics for the elastic properties of crystals: Microscopic\n  approach based on projection-operator formalism: We present a microscopic derivation of the laws of continuum mechanics of\nnonideal ordered solids including dissipation, defect diffusion, and heat\ntransport. Starting point is the classical many-body Hamiltonian. The approach\nrelies on the Zwanzig-Mori projection operator formalism to connect microscopic\nfluctuations to thermodynamic derivatives and transport coefficients.\nConservation laws and spontaneous symmetry breaking, implemented via\nBogoliubov's inequality, determine the selection of the slow variables. Density\nfluctuations in reciprocal space encode the displacement field and the defect\nconcentration. Isothermal and adiabatic elastic constants are obtained from\nequilibrium correlations, while transport coefficients are given as Green-Kubo\nformulae, providing the basis for their measurement in atomistic simulations or\ncolloidal experiments. The approach and results are compared to others from the\nliterature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Clustering in a model with repulsive long-range interactions: A striking clustering phenomenon in the antiferromagnetic Hamiltonian\nMean-Field model has been previously reported. The numerically observed\nbicluster formation and stabilization is here fully explained by a non linear\nanalysis of the Vlasov equation.",
        "positive": "Levy processes and Schroedinger equation: We analyze the extension of the well known relation between Brownian motion\nand Schroedinger equation to the family of Levy processes. We consider a\nLevy-Schroedinger equation where the usual kinetic energy operator - the\nLaplacian - is generalized by means of a selfadjoint, pseudodifferential\noperator whose symbol is the logarithmic characteristic of an infinitely\ndivisible law. The Levy-Khintchin formula shows then how to write down this\noperator in an integro--differential form. When the underlying Levy process is\nstable we recover as a particular case the fractional Schroedinger equation. A\nfew examples are finally given and we find that there are physically relevant\nmodels (such as a form of the relativistic Schroedinger equation) that are in\nthe domain of the non-stable, Levy-Schroedinger equations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unusual stationary state in Brownian systems with Lorentz force: In systems with overdamped dynamics, the Lorentz force reduces the\ndiffusivity of a Brownian particle in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic\nfield. The anisotropy in diffusion implies that the Fokker-Planck equation for\nthe probabiliy distribution of the particle acquires a tensorial coefficient.\nThe tensor, however, is not a typical diffusion tensor due to the antisymmetric\nelements which account for the fact that Lorentz force curves the trajectory of\na moving charged particle. This gives rise to unusual dynamics with features\nsuch as additional Lorentz fluxes and a nontrivial density distribution, unlike\na diffusive system. The equilibrium properties are, however, unaffected by the\nLorentz force. Here we show that by stochastically resetting the Brownian\nparticle, a nonequilibrium steady state can be created which preserves the\nhallmark features of dynamics under Lorentz force. We then consider a\nminimalistic example of spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field, which shows how\nLorentz fluxes fundamentally alter the boundary conditions giving rise to an\nunusual stationary state.",
        "positive": "Optimal paths of non-equilibrium stochastic fields: the\n  Kardar-Parisi-Zhang interface as a test case: Atypically large fluctuations in macroscopic non-equilibrium systems continue\nto attract interest. Their probability can often be determined by the optimal\nfluctuation method (OFM). The OFM brings about a conditional variational\nproblem, the solution of which describes the \"optimal path\" of the system which\ndominates the contribution of different stochastic paths to the desired\nstatistics. The OFM proved efficient in evaluating the probabilities of rare\nevents in a host of systems. However, theoretically predicted optimal paths\nwere observed in stochastic simulations only in diffusive lattice gases, where\nthe predicted optimal density patterns are either stationary, or travel with\nconstant speed. Here we focus on the one-point height distribution of the\nparadigmatic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang interface. Here the optimal paths,\ncorresponding to the distribution tails at short times, are intrinsically\nnon-stationary and can be predicted analytically. Using the mapping to the\ndirected polymer in a random potential at high temperature, we obtain\n\"snapshots\" of the optimal paths in Monte-Carlo simulations which probe the\ntails with an importance sampling algorithm. For each tail we observe a very\nnarrow \"tube\" of height profiles around a single optimal path which agrees with\nthe analytical prediction. The agreement holds even at long times, supporting\nearlier assertions of the validity of the OFM in the tails well beyond the\nweak-noise limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The sl_2 loop algebra symmetry of the six-vertex model at roots of unity: We demonstrate that the six vertex model (XXZ spin chain) with\n$\\Delta=(q+q^{-1})/2$ and $q^{2N}=1$ has an invariance under the loop algebra\nof $sl_2$ which produces a special set of degenerate eigenvalues. For\n$\\Delta=0$ we compute the multiplicity of the degeneracies using Jordan Wigner\ntechniques",
        "positive": "A new family of exactly solvable disordered reaction-diffusion systems: Using a matrix product method the steady-state of a family of disordered\nreaction-diffusion systems consisting of different species of interacting\nclassical particles moving on a lattice with periodic boundary conditions is\nstudied. A new generalized quadratic algebra and its matrix representations is\nintroduced. The steady-states of two members of this exactly solvable family of\nsystems are studied in detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computation of Large Deviation Statistics via Iterative\n  Measurement-and-Feedback Procedure: We propose a computational method for large deviation statistics of\ntime-averaged quantities in general Markov processes. In our proposed method,\nwe repeat a response measurement against external forces, where the forces are\ndetermined by the previous measurement as feedback. Consequently, we obtain a\nset of stationary states corresponding to an exponential family of\ndistributions, each of which shows rare events in the original system as the\ntypical behavior. As a demonstration of our method, we study large deviation\nstatistics of one-dimensional lattice gas models.",
        "positive": "A \"Burnt Bridge'' Brownian Ratchet: Motivated by a biased diffusion of molecular motors with the bias dependent\non the state of the substrate, we investigate a random walk on a\none-dimensional lattice that contains weak links (called \"bridges'') which are\naffected by the walker. Namely, a bridge is destroyed with probability p when\nthe walker crosses it; the walker is not allowed to cross it again and this\nleads to a directed motion. The velocity of the walker is determined\nanalytically for equidistant bridges. The special case of p=1 is more tractable\n-- both the velocity and the diffusion constant are calculated for uncorrelated\nlocations of bridges, including periodic and random distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Corrections to scaling for block entanglement in massive spin-chains: We consider the Renyi entropies S_n in one-dimensional massive integrable\nmodels diagonalizable by means of corner transfer matrices (as Heisenberg and\nIsing spin chains). By means of explicit examples and using the relation of\ncorner transfer matrix with the Virasoro algebra, we show that close to a\nconformal invariant critical point, when the correlation length xi is finite\nbut large, the corrections to the scaling are of the unusual form xi^(-x/n),\nwith x the dimension of a relevant operator in the conformal theory. This is\nreminiscent of the results for gapless chains and should be valid for any\nmassive one-dimensional model close to a conformal critical point.",
        "positive": "Occupancy of phase space, extensivity of Sq, and q-generalized central\n  limit theorem: Increasing the number $N$ of elements of a system typically makes the entropy\nto increase. The question arises on {\\it what particular entropic form} we have\nin mind and {\\it how it increases} with $N$. Thermodynamically speaking it\nmakes sense to choose an entropy which increases {\\it linearly} with $N$ for\nlarge $N$, i.e., which is {\\it extensive}. If the $N$ elements are\nprobabilistically {\\it independent} (no interactions) or quasi-independent\n(e.g., {\\it short}-range interacting), it is known that the entropy which is\nextensive is that of Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon, $S_{BG} \\equiv -k \\sum_{i=1}^W\np_i \\ln p_i$. If they are however {\\it globally correlated} (e.g., through {\\it\nlong}-range interactions), the answer depends on the particular nature of the\ncorrelations. There is a large class of correlations (in one way or another\nrelated to scale-invariance) for which an appropriate entropy is that on which\nnonextensive statistical mechanics is based, i.e., $S_q \\equiv k\n\\frac{1-\\sum_{i=1}^W p_i^q}{q-1}$ ($S_1=S_{BG}$), where $q$ is determined by\nthe specific correlations. We briefly review and illustrate these ideas through\nsimple examples of occupation of phase space. A very similar scenario emerges\nwith regard to the central limit theorem. We present some numerical indications\nalong these lines. The full clarification of such a possible connection would\nhelp qualifying the class of systems for which the nonextensive statistical\nconcepts are applicable, and, concomitantly, it would enlighten the reason for\nwhich $q$-exponentials are ubiquitous in many natural and artificial systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wang-Landau study of the critical behaviour of the bimodal 3D-Random\n  Field Ising Model: We apply the Wang-Landau method to the study of the critical behaviour of the\nthree dimensional Random Field Ising Model with a bimodal probability\ndistribution. Our results show that for high values of the random field\nintensity the transition is first order, characterized by a double-peaked\nenergy probability distribution at the transition temperature. On the other\nhand, the transition looks continuous for low values of the field intensity. In\nspite of the large sample to sample fluctuations observed, the double peak in\nthe probability distribution is always present for high fields",
        "positive": "Exploring Predictive States via Cantor Embeddings and Wasserstein\n  Distance: Predictive states for stochastic processes are a nonparametric and\ninterpretable construct with relevance across a multitude of modeling\nparadigms. Recent progress on the self-supervised reconstruction of predictive\nstates from time-series data focused on the use of reproducing kernel Hilbert\nspaces. Here, we examine how Wasserstein distances may be used to detect\npredictive equivalences in symbolic data. We compute Wasserstein distances\nbetween distributions over sequences (\"predictions\"), using a\nfinite-dimensional embedding of sequences based on the Cantor for the\nunderlying geometry. We show that exploratory data analysis using the resulting\ngeometry via hierarchical clustering and dimension reduction provides insight\ninto the temporal structure of processes ranging from the relatively simple\n(e.g., finite-state hidden Markov models) to the very complex (e.g.,\ninfinite-state indexed grammars)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Type-B Goldstone modes and a logarithmic spiral in the staggered $\\rm\n  SU(4)$ ferromagnetic spin-orbital model: It is found that the staggered $\\rm SU(4)$ ferromagnetic spin-orbital model\naccommodates highly degenerate ground states arising from spontaneous symmetry\nbreaking with type-B Goldstone modes. The spontaneous symmetry breaking pattern\nis ${\\rm SU(4)} \\rightarrow {\\rm U(1)} \\times {\\rm U(1)} \\times {\\rm U(1)}$,\nwith three type-B Goldstone modes. An abstract fractal underlies the ground\nstate subspace with the fractal dimension identified with the number of type-B\nGoldstone modes. This connection is established by evaluating the entanglement\nentropy, which exhibits a universal finite system-size scaling behaviour. The\nlatter in turn implies that the entanglement entropy scales logarithmically\nwith the block size in the thermodynamic limit. In addition, the ground state\ndegeneracies, depending on the boundary conditions adopted, constitute the two\nFibonacci-Lucas sequences. In the limit of large system size their asymptotic\nforms become a self-similar logarithmic spiral. As a result, the model has a\nnon-zero residual entropy $S_{\\!r} = -2 \\ln R $, where $R=(\\!\n\\sqrt{6}-\\!\\sqrt{2})/2$.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of RNA pulling experiments: Recent single-molecule pulling experiments have shown how it is possible to\nmanipulate RNA molecules using optical tweezers force microscopy. We\ninvestigate a minimal model for the experimental setup which includes a RNA\nmolecule connected to two polymers (handles) and a bead, trapped in the optical\npotential, attached to one of the handles. Initially, we focus on small\nsingle-domain RNA molecules which unfold in a cooperative way. The model\nqualitatively reproduces the experimental results and allow us to investigate\nthe influence of the bead and handles on the unfolding reaction. A main\ningredient of our model is to consider the appropriate statistical ensemble and\nthe corresponding thermodynamic potential describing thermal fluctuations in\nthe system. We then investigate several questions relevant to extract\nthermodynamic information from the experimental data. Next, we study the\nkinetics using a dynamical model. Finally, we address the more general problem\nof a multidomain RNA molecule with Mg2+-tertiary contacts that unfolds in a\nsequential way and propose techniques to analyze the breakage force data in\norder to obtain the reliable kinetics parameters that characterize each domain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Canonically invariant formulation of Langevin and Fokker-Planck\n  Equations: We present a canonically invariant form for the generalized Langevin and\nFokker-Planck equations. We discuss the role of constants of motion, and the\nconstruction of conservative stochastic processes.",
        "positive": "Gumbel distribution and current fluctuations in critical systems: We investigate a particular phase transition between two different tunneling\nregimes, direct and injection (Fowler-Nordheim), experimentally observed in the\ncurrent-voltage characteristics of the light receptor bacteriorhodopsin (bR).\nHere, the sharp increase of the current above about 3 V is theoretically\ninterpreted as the cross-over between the direct and injection\nsequential-tunneling regimes. Theory also predicts a very special behaviour for\nthe associated current fluctuations around steady state. We find the remarkable\nresult that in a large range of bias around the transition between the two\ntunneling regimes, the probability density functions can be traced back to the\ngeneralization of the Gumbel distribution. This non-Gaussian distribution is\nthe universal standard to describe fluctuations under extreme conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Expansion of an ultra-cold lithium gas in the BEC-BCS crossover: We present an experimental study of the time of flight properties of a gas of\nultra-cold fermions in the BEC-BCS crossover. Since interactions can be tuned\nby changing the value of the magnetic field, we are able to probe both non\ninteracting and strongly interacting behaviors. These measurements allow us to\ncharacterize the momentum distribution of the system as well as its equation of\nstate. We also demonstrate the breakdown of superfluid hydrodynamics in the\nweakly attractive region of the phase diagram, probably caused by pair breaking\ntaking place during the expansion.",
        "positive": "Fick and Fokker--Planck diffusion law in inhomogeneous media: We discuss diffusion of particles in a spatially inhomogeneous medium. From\nthe microscopic viewpoint we consider independent particles randomly evolving\non a lattice. We show that the reversibility condition has a discrete geometric\ninterpretation in terms of weights associated to un--oriented edges and\nvertices. We consider the hydrodynamic diffusive scaling that gives, as a\nmacroscopic evolution equation, the Fokker--Planck equation corresponding to\nthe evolution of the probability distribution of a reversible spatially\ninhomogeneous diffusion process. The geometric macroscopic counterpart of\nreversibility is encoded into a tensor metrics and a positive function. The\nFick's law with inhomogeneous diffusion matrix is obtained in the case when the\nspatial inhomogeneity is associated exclusively with the edge weights. We\ndiscuss also some related properties of the systems like a non-homogeneous\nEinstein relation and the possibility of uphill diffusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Tsallis Entropy Barrier or the Roundness Barrier Based Dynamic\n  Stochastic Resonance --A New Family of SR ?: The Tsallis entropy barrier or the roundness barrier based dynamic stochastic\nresonance mechanisms are put forward and simulated. The systems with various\nTsallis q values exhibit the effects of emergence as a result of the\nnoise-induced cooperative phenomena.",
        "positive": "Percolation transition in the Bose gas II: In an earlier paper (J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 26 (1993) 4689) we introduced the\nnotion of cycle percolation in the Bose gas and conjectured that it occurs if\nand only if there is Bose-Einstein condensation. Here we give a complete proof\nof this statement for the perfect and the imperfect (mean-field) Bose gas and\nalso show that in the condensate there is an infinite number of macroscopic\ncycles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical Verification of Fluctuation Dissipation Theorem for Isolated\n  Quantum Systems: The fluctuation dissipation theorem~(FDT) is a hallmark of thermal\nequilibrium systems in the Gibbs state. We address the question whether the FDT\nis obeyed by isolated quantum systems in an energy eigenstate. In the framework\nof the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, we derive the formal expression\nfor two-time correlation functions in the energy eigenstates or in the diagonal\nensemble. They satisfy the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger condition, which is the\nsufficient and necessary condition for the FDT, in the infinite system size\nlimit. We also obtain the finite size correction to the FDT for finite-sized\nsystems. With extensive numerical works for the XXZ spin chain model, we\nconfirm our theory for the FDT and the finite size correction. Our results can\nserve as a guide line for an experimental study of the FDT on a finite-sized\nsystem.",
        "positive": "Condensation in the inclusion process and related models: We study condensation in several particle systems related to the inclusion\nprocess. For an asymmetric one-dimensional version with closed boundary\nconditions and drift to the right, we show that all but a finite number of\nparticles condense on the right-most site. This is extended to a general result\nfor independent random variables with different tails, where condensation\noccurs for the index (site) with the heaviest tail, generalizing also previous\nresults for zero-range processes. For inclusion processes with homogeneous\nstationary measures we establish condensation in the limit of vanishing\ndiffusion strength in the dynamics, and give several details about how the\nlimit is approached for finite and infinite systems. Finally, we consider a\ncontinuous model dual to the inclusion process, the so-called Brownian energy\nprocess, and prove similar condensation results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crumpling transition and flat phase of polymerized phantom membranes: Polymerized phantom membranes are revisited using a nonperturbative\nrenormalization group approach. This allows one to investigate both the\ncrumpling transition and the low-temperature, flat, phase in any internal\ndimension D and embedding dimension d, and to determine the lower critical\ndimension. The crumpling phase transition for physical membranes is found to be\nof second order within our approximation. A weak first-order behavior, as\nobserved in recent Monte Carlo simulations, is however not excluded.",
        "positive": "A Monte Carlo Investigation of the Hamiltonian Mean Field Model: We present a Monte Carlo numerical investigation of the Hamiltonian Mean\nField (HMF) model. We begin by discussing canonical Metropolis Monte Carlo\ncalculations, in order to check the caloric curve of the HMF model and study\nfinite size effects. In the second part of the paper, we present numerical\nsimulations obtained by means of a modified Monte Carlo procedure with the aim\nto test the stability of those states at minimum temperature and zero\nmagnetization (homogeneous Quasi Stationary States) which exist in the\ncondensed phase of the model just below the critical point. For energy\ndensities smaller than the limiting value $U\\sim 0.68$, we find that these\nstates are unstable, confirming a recent result on the Vlasov stability\nanalysis applied to the HMF model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distributions of Off-Diagonal Scattering Matrix Elements: Exact Results: Scattering is a ubiquitous phenomenon which is observed in a variety of\nphysical systems which span a wide range of length scales. The scattering\nmatrix is the key quantity which provides a complete description of the\nscattering process. The universal features of scattering in chaotic systems is\nmost generally modeled by the Heidelberg approach which introduces\nstochasticity to the scattering matrix at the level of the Hamiltonian\ndescribing the scattering center. The statistics of the scattering matrix is\nobtained by averaging over the ensemble of random Hamiltonians of appropriate\nsymmetry. We derive exact results for the distributions of the real and\nimaginary parts of the off-diagonal scattering matrix elements applicable to\northogonally-invariant and unitarily-invariant Hamiltonians, thereby solving a\nlong standing problem.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Steady State in a Quantum System: One-dimensional\n  Transverse Ising Model with Energy Current: We study the nonequilibrium steady states of an Ising chain in a transverse\nfield, h, by investigating the effect of a field, lambda, which drives the\ncurrent of energy. The zero-temperature, h-lambda phase diagram is determined\nexactly and it is found that the energy current appears continuously above a\nthreshold, lambda > lambda_c(h). The long-range magnetic order (present for\nh<h_c, lambda < lambda_c) is destroyed in the current-carrying state where the\ncorrelations are characterized by power-law, oscillatory decay. The mechanism\nwhich generates the power-law correlations in the current-carrying state is\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Out of equilibrium dynamics of the toy model with mode coupling and\n  trivial Hamiltonian: We extend our previous analysis of the toy model that mimics the mode\ncoupling theory of supercooled liquids and glass transitions to the out of\nequilibrium dynamics. We derive a self-consistent set of equations for\ncorrelation and response functions.",
        "positive": "The valence bond solid in quasicrystals: A generalized model of Heisenberg quantum antiferromagnet on an arbitrary\ngraph is constructed so that the VBS is the unique ground state. The norm of\nthe base state and equal time multi point correlation functions are computed in\nterms of generalized hyper geometric functions. For the one-dimensional\nperiodic Heisenberg model we present a method of computing multi point\ncorrelation functions based on the study of a commuting family of transfer\nmatrices. The connection of multi point correlators with Young tableaux and\nGegenbauer polynomials is found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions and configuration space topology: Equilibrium phase transitions may be defined as nonanalytic points of\nthermodynamic functions, e.g., of the canonical free energy. Given a certain\nphysical system, it is of interest to understand which properties of the system\naccount for the presence of a phase transition, and an understanding of these\nproperties may lead to a deeper understanding of the physical phenomenon. One\npossible approach of this issue, reviewed and discussed in the present paper,\nis the study of topology changes in configuration space which, remarkably, are\nfound to be related to equilibrium phase transitions in classical statistical\nmechanical systems. For the study of configuration space topology, one\nconsiders the subsets M_v, consisting of all points from configuration space\nwith a potential energy per particle equal to or less than a given v. For\nfinite systems, topology changes of M_v are intimately related to nonanalytic\npoints of the microcanonical entropy (which, as a surprise to many, do exist).\nIn the thermodynamic limit, a more complex relation between nonanalytic points\nof thermodynamic functions (i.e., phase transitions) and topology changes is\nobserved. For some class of short-range systems, a topology change of the M_v\nat v=v_t was proved to be necessary for a phase transition to take place at a\npotential energy v_t. In contrast, phase transitions in systems with long-range\ninteractions or in systems with non-confining potentials need not be\naccompanied by such a topology change. Instead, for such systems the\nnonanalytic point in a thermodynamic function is found to have some\nmaximization procedure at its origin. These results may foster insight into the\nmechanisms which lead to the occurrence of a phase transition, and thus may\nhelp to explore the origin of this physical phenomenon.",
        "positive": "Absorbing phase transition with a continuously varying exponent in a\n  quantum contact process: a neural network approach: Phase transitions in dissipative quantum systems are intriguing because they\nare induced by the interplay between coherent quantum and incoherent classical\nfluctuations. Here, we investigate the crossover from a quantum to a classical\nabsorbing phase transition arising in the quantum contact process (QCP). The\nLindblad equation contains two parameters, $\\omega$ and $\\kappa$, which adjust\nthe contributions of the quantum and classical effects, respectively. We find\nthat in one dimension when the QCP starts from a homogeneous state with all\nactive sites, there exists a critical line in the region $0 \\le \\kappa <\n\\kappa_*$ along which the exponent $\\alpha$ (which is associated with the\ndensity of active sites) decreases continuously from a quantum to the classical\ndirected percolation (DP) value. This behavior suggests that the quantum\ncoherent effect remains to some extent near $\\kappa=0$. However, when the QCP\nin one dimension starts from a heterogeneous state with all inactive sites\nexcept for one active site, all the critical exponents have the classical DP\nvalues for $\\kappa \\ge 0$. In two dimensions, anomalous crossover behavior does\nnot occur, and classical DP behavior appears in the entire region of $\\kappa\n\\ge 0$ regardless of the initial configuration. Neural network machine learning\nis used to identify the critical line and determine the correlation length\nexponent. Numerical simulations using the quantum jump Monte Carlo technique\nand tensor network method are performed to determine all the other critical\nexponents of the QCP."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production of resetting processes: Stochastic systems that undergo random restarts to their initial state have\nbeen widely investigated in recent years, both theoretically and in\nexperiments. Oftentimes, however, resetting to a fixed state is impossible due\nto thermal noise or other limitations. As a result, the system configuration\nafter a resetting event is random. Here, we consider such a resetting protocol\nfor an overdamped Brownian particle in a confining potential $V(x)$. We assume\nthat the position of the particle is reset at a constant rate to a random\nlocation $x$, drawn from a distribution $p_R(x)$. To investigate the\nthermodynamic cost of resetting, we study the stochastic entropy production\n$S_{\\rm Total}$. We derive a general expression for the average entropy\nproduction for any $V(x)$, and the full distribution $P(S_{\\rm Total}|t)$ of\nthe entropy production for $V(x)=0$. At late times, we show that this\ndistribution assumes the large-deviation form $P(S_{\\rm Total}|t)\\sim\n\\exp\\left[-t^{2\\alpha-1}\\phi\\left(\\left(S_{\\rm Total}-\\langle S_{\\rm\nTotal}\\rangle\\right)/t^{\\alpha}\\right)\\right]$, with $1/2<\\alpha\\leq 1$. We\ncompute the rate function $\\phi(z)$ and the exponent $\\alpha$ for exponential\nand Gaussian resetting distributions. In the latter case, we find the anomalous\nexponent $\\alpha=2/3$ and show that $\\phi(z)$ has a first-order singularity at\na critical value of $z$, corresponding to a real-space condensation transition.",
        "positive": "A model of evolution with interaction strength: Interaction strength is introduced in a model of evolution in d-dimension\nspace. It is realized by imposing a constraint concerning 2d differences of\nfitnesses between that of any extremal site and those of its 2d nearest\nneighbours at each time step in the evolution of the model. For any given\ninteraction strength between 0 and 1 the model can self-organize to a critical\nstate. Two exact equations found in Bak-Sneppen model still hold in our model\nfor different interaction strength. Simulations of one- and two-dimensional\nmodels for ten different values of interaction are given. It is found that\nself-organized threshold decreases with interaction strength increasing. It is\nalso shown that the critical exponent, and two basic exponents, avalanche\ndistribution, and avalanche dimension, are interaction strength dependent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computational Study of a Multistep Height Model: An equilibrium random surface multistep height model proposed in [Abraham and\nNewman, EPL, 86, 16002 (2009)] is studied using a variant of the worm\nalgorithm. In one limit, the model reduces to the two-dimensional Ising model\nin the height representation. When the Ising model constraint of single height\nsteps is relaxed, the critical temperature and critical exponents are\ncontinuously varying functions of the parameter controlling height steps larger\nthan one. Numerical estimates of the critical exponents can be mapped via a\nsingle parameter-- the Coulomb gas coupling-- to the exponents of the O(n) loop\nmodel on the honeycomb lattice with n <= 1.",
        "positive": "The Emergence of Spatial Complexity in the immune System: Biological systems, unlike physical or chemical systems, are characterized by\nthe very inhomogeneous distribution of their components. The immune system, in\nparticular, is notable for self-organizing its structure. Classically, the\ndynamics of natural systems have been described using differential equations.\nBut, differential equation models fail to account for the emergence of\nlarge-scale inhomogeneities and for the influence of inhomogeneity on the\noverall dynamics of biological systems. Here, we show that a microscopic\nsimulation methodology enables us to model the emergence of large-scale objects\nand to extend the scope of mathematical modeling in biology. We take a simple\nexample from immunology and illustrate that the methods of classical\ndifferential equations and microscopic simulation generate contradictory\nresults. Microscopic simulations generate a more faithful approximation of the\nreality of the immune system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium phase transitions in a Brownian $p$-state clock model: We introduce a Brownian $p$-state clock model in two dimensions and\ninvestigate the nature of phase transitions numerically. As a nonequilibrium\nextension of the equilibrium lattice model, the Brownian $p$-state clock model\nallows spins to diffuse randomly in the two-dimensional space of area $L^2$\nunder periodic boundary conditions. We find three distinct phases for $p>4$: a\ndisordered paramagnetic phase, a quasi-long-range-ordered critical phase, and\nan ordered ferromagnetic phase. In the intermediate critical phase, the\nmagnetization order parameter follows a power law scaling $m \\sim\nL^{-\\tilde{\\beta}}$, where the finite-size scaling exponent $\\tilde{\\beta}$\nvaries continuously. These critical behaviors are reminiscent of the double\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless~(BKT) transition picture of the equilibrium\nsystem. At the transition to the disordered phase, the exponent takes the\nuniversal value $\\tilde\\beta = 1/8$ which coincides with that of the\nequilibrium system. This result indicates that the BKT transition driven by the\nunbinding of topological excitations is robust against the particle diffusion.\nOn the contrary, the exponent at the symmetry-breaking transition to the\nordered phase deviates from the universal value $\\tilde{\\beta} = 2/p^2$ of the\nequilibrium system. The deviation is attributed to a nonequilibrium effect from\nthe particle diffusion.",
        "positive": "Effective rates from thermodynamically consistent coarse-graining of\n  models for molecular motors with probe particles: Many single molecule experiments for molecular motors comprise not only the\nmotor but also large probe particles coupled to it. The theoretical analysis of\nthese assays, however, often takes into account only the degrees of freedom\nrepresenting the motor. We present a coarse-graining method that maps a model\ncomprising two coupled degrees of freedom which represent motor and probe\nparticle to such an effective one-particle model by eliminating the dynamics of\nthe probe particle in a thermodynamically and dynamically consistent way. The\ncoarse-grained rates obey a local detailed balance condition and reproduce the\nnet currents. Moreover, the average entropy production as well as the\nthermodynamic efficiency is invariant under this coarse-graining procedure. Our\nanalysis reveals that only by assuming unrealistically fast probe particles,\nthe coarse-grained transition rates coincide with the transition rates of the\ntraditionally used one-particle motor models. Additionally, we find that for\nmulticyclic motors the stall force can depend on the probe size. We apply this\ncoarse-graining method to specific case studies of the F1-ATPase and the\nkinesin motor."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical simulation of a lattice polymer model at its integrable point: We revisit an integrable lattice model of polymer collapse using numerical\nsimulations. This model was first studied by Bl\\\"ote and Nienhuis in J. Phys.\nA. {\\bf 22}, 1415 (1989) and it describes polymers with some attraction,\nproviding thus a model for the polymer collapse transition. At a particular set\nof Boltzmann weights the model is integrable and the exponents\n$\\nu=12/23\\approx 0.522$ and $\\gamma=53/46\\approx 1.152$ have been computed via\nidentification of the scaling dimensions $x_t=1/12$ and $x_h=-5/48$. We\ndirectly investigate the polymer scaling exponents via Monte Carlo simulations\nusing the PERM algorithm. By simulating this polymer model for walks up to\nlength 4096 we find $\\nu=0.576(6)$ and $\\gamma=1.045(5)$, which are clearly\ndifferent from the predicted values. Our estimate for the exponent $\\nu$ is\ncompatible with the known $\\theta$-point value of 4/7 and in agreement with\nvery recent numerical evaluation by Foster and Pinettes.",
        "positive": "Construction of a more complete quantum fluid model from\n  Wigner-Boltzmann Equation with all higher order quantum corrections: A semiclassical Quantum Hydrodynamic model has been derived by taking the\nmoments of the Wigner-Boltzmann equation. For the first time, the closure has\nbeen achieved by the use of the momentum shifted version of all order quantum\ncorrected solution of the Wigner-Boltzmann equation and that has considerably\nextended the applicability of the model towards the low temperature and high\ndensity limit. In this context, the importance of the correlation and exchange\neffects have been retained through the Kohn-Sham equation in the construction\nof the Wigner-Boltzmann equation. The validity of the approach is subject to\nthe existence of the Taylor's expansion of the associated Kohn-Sham potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-averaging in random systems - liability or asset?: The study of quenched random systems is facilitated by the idea that the\nensemble averages describe the thermal averages for any specific realization of\nthe couplings, provided the system is large enough. Careful examination\nsuggests that this idea might have a follow, when the correlation length\nbecomes of the order of the size of the system. We find certain bound\nquantities are not self-averaging when the correlation length becomes of the\norder of the size of the system. This suggests that the strength of\nself-averaging, expressed in terms of properly chosen signal to noise ratios,\nmay serve to identify phase boundaries. This is demonstrated by using such\nsignal to noise ratios to identify the boundary of the ferromagnetic phase and\ncompare the findings with more traditional measures.",
        "positive": "Quantization of the Derivative Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation: We study the quantum mechanics of the derivative nonlinear Schrodinger\nequation which has appeared in many areas of physics and is known to be\nclassically integrable. We find that the N-body quantum problem is exactly\nsolvable with both bound states (with an upper bound on the particle number)\nand scattering states. Quantization provides an alternative way to understand\nvarious features of the classical model, such as chiral solitons and\ntwo-soliton scattering."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ionic Reactions in Two Dimensions with Disorder: We analyze the dynamics of the ion-dipole pairing reaction in the\ntwo-dimensional Coulomb gas in the presence of disorder. Sufficiently singular\ndisorder forces the critical temperature of the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Berezinskii\nfixed point to be non-universal. This disorder leads to anomalous ion pairing\nkinetics with a continuously variable decay exponent. Sufficiently strong\ndisorder eliminates the transition altogether. For ions that are chemically\nreactive, anomalous kinetics with a continuously variable decay exponent also\noccurs in the high-temperature regime. The Coulomb interaction inhibits\nreactant segregation, and so the ionic $A^+ +B^- \\to \\emptyset$ reaction\nbehaves like the nonionic $A + A \\to \\emptyset$ reaction.",
        "positive": "Renormalization Group Limit Cycles in Quantum Mechanical Problems: We formulate a renormalization group (RG) for the interaction parameters of\nthe general two-body problem and show how a limit cycle emerges in the RG flow\nif the interaction approaches an inverse square law. This limit cycle generates\na scaling structure in the energy spectrum. Our demonstration is relevant to\nthe Efimov problem in nuclear physics where similar scaling appears."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation and overlap probability function in the spherical and mean\n  spherical model: The problem of the equivalence of the spherical and mean spherical models,\nwhich has been thoroughly studied and understood in equilibrium, is considered\nanew from the dynamical point of view during the time evolution following a\nquench from above to below the critical temperature. It is found that there\nexists a crossover time $t^* \\sim V^{2/d}$ such that for $t < t^*$ the two\nmodels are equivalent, while for $t > t^*$ macroscopic discrepancies arise. The\nrelation between the off equilibrium response function and the structure of the\nequilibrium state, which usually holds for phase ordering systems, is found to\nhold for the spherical model but not for the mean spherical one. The latter\nmodel offers an explicit example of a system which is not stochastically\nstable.",
        "positive": "Reply to the comment on \"Avalanches and Non-Gaussian Fluctuations of the\n  Global Velocity of Imbibition Fronts\": In [R. Planet, S. Santucci and J. Ortin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 094502\n(2009)], we reported that both the size and duration of the global avalanches\nobserved during a forced imbibition process follow power law distributions with\ncut-offs. Following a comment by G. Pruessner, we discuss here the right\nprocedure to perfom, in order to extract reliable exponents characterising\nthose pdf's."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Dynamics of Liquids in the Large-Dimensional Limit: In this work, we analytically derive the exact closed dynamical equations for\na liquid with short-ranged interactions in large spatial dimensions using the\nsame statistical mechanics tools employed to analyze Brownian motion. Our\nderivation greatly simplifies the original path-integral-based route to these\nequations and provides new insight into the physical features associated with\nhigh-dimensional liquids and glass formation. Most importantly, our\nconstruction provides a facile route to the exact dynamical analysis of\nimportant related dynamical problems, as well as a means to devise cluster\ngeneralizations of the exact solution in infinite dimensions. This latter fact\nopens the door to the construction of increasingly accurate theories of\nvitrification in three-dimensional liquids.",
        "positive": "Quasi-stationary states in the self-gravitating sheet model: We study quasi-stationary states (QSS) resulting from violent relaxation in\nthe one-dimensional self-gravitating \"sheet model\", revisiting in particular\nthe question of the adequacy of the theory of Lynden-Bell (LB) to describe\nthem. For \"waterbag\" initial conditions characterized by a single phase space\ndensity, the prediction of this theory is, in this model, a function of only\none parameter, which can conveniently be chosen to be the ratio of the energy\nto that in the degenerate limit. Studying a class of such initial conditions in\nwhich the shape of the initial waterbag is varied, we find that the LB\npredictions are reasonably good always in the low energy region, while at\nhigher energies (i.e. in the non-degenerate limit) they are generally not even\nqualitatively correct, although certain initial conditions can still be found\nwhere they are as good as at low energy. We find notably that, in line with\nwhat has been observed by Levin et al. in some other models, when LB theory\ndoes not work the QSS are always characterized by the presence of a {\\it\ndegenerate} core, which these authors explain as the result of dynamical\nresonances. In short LB theory appears to be a good approximation only when\nviolent relaxation is sufficiently \"gentle\", and otherwise a degenerate\ncore-halo structure results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A realistic two-lane traffic model for highway traffic: A two-lane extension of a recently proposed cellular automaton model for\ntraffic flow is discussed. The analysis focuses on the reproduction of the lane\nusage inversion and the density dependence of the number of lane changes. It is\nshown that the single-lane dynamics can be extended to the two-lane case\nwithout changing the basic properties of the model which are known to be in\ngood agreement with empirical single-vehicle data. Therefore it is possible to\nreproduce various empirically observed two-lane phenomena, like the\nsynchronization of the lanes, without fine-tuning of the model parameters.",
        "positive": "Fluctuations in granular gases: A driven granular material, e.g. a vibrated box full of sand, is a stationary\nsystem which may be very far from equilibrium. The standard equilibrium\nstatistical mechanics is therefore inadequate to describe fluctuations in such\na system. Here we present numerical and analytical results concerning energy\nand injected power fluctuations. In the first part we explain how the study of\nthe probability density function (pdf) of the fluctuations of total energy is\nrelated to the characterization of velocity correlations. Two different regimes\nare addressed: the gas driven at the boundaries and the homogeneously driven\ngas. In a granular gas, due to non-Gaussianity of the velocity pdf or lack of\nhomogeneity in hydrodynamics profiles, even in the absence of velocity\ncorrelations, the fluctuations of total energy are non-trivial and may lead to\nerroneous conclusions about the role of correlations. In the second part of the\nchapter we take into consideration the fluctuations of injected power in driven\ngranular gas models. Recently, real and numerical experiments have been\ninterpreted as evidence that the fluctuations of power injection seem to\nsatisfy the Gallavotti-Cohen Fluctuation Relation. We will discuss an\nalternative interpretation of such results which invalidates the\nGallavotti-Cohen symmetry. Moreover, starting from the Liouville equation and\nusing techniques from large deviation theory, the general validity of a\nFluctuation Relation for power injection in driven granular gases is\nquestioned. Finally a functional is defined using the Lebowitz-Spohn approach\nfor Markov processes applied to the linear inelastic Boltzmann equation\nrelevant to describe the motion of a tracer particle. Such a functional results\nto be different from injected power and to satisfy a Fluctuation Relation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation-dissipation relations far from equilibrium: Near equilibrium, where all currents of a system vanish on average, the\nfluctuation-dissipation relation (FDR) connects a current's spontaneous\nfluctuations with its response to perturbations of the conjugate thermodynamic\nforce. Out of equilibrium, fluctuation-response relations generally involve\nadditional nondissipative contributions. Here, in the framework of stochastic\nthermodynamics, we show that an equilibrium-like FDR holds for internally\nequilibrated currents, if the perturbing conjugate force only affects the\nmicroscopic transitions that contribute to the current. We discuss the physical\nrequirements for the validity of our result and apply it to nano-sized\nelectronic devices.",
        "positive": "Vehicular Traffic: A System of Interacting Particles Driven Far From\n  Equilibrium: In recent years statistical physicists have developed {\\it discrete}\n\"particle-hopping\" models of vehicular traffic, usually formulated in terms of\n{\\it cellular automata}, which are similar to the microscopic models of\ninteracting charged particles in the presence of an external electric field.\nConcepts and techniques of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics are being used\nto understand the nature of the steady states and fluctuations in these\nso-called \"microscopic\" models. In this brief review we explain, primarily to\nthe nonexperts, these models and the physical implications of the results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic behavior of anisotropic non-equilibrium driving lattice gases: It is shown that intrinsically anisotropic non-equilibrium systems relaxing\nby a dynamic process exhibit universal critical behavior during their evolution\ntoward non-equilibrium stationary states. An anisotropic scaling anzats for the\ndynamics is proposed and tested numerically. Relevant critical exponents can be\nevaluated self-consistently using both the short- and long-time dynamics\nframeworks. The obtained results allow us to clarify a long-standing\ncontroversy about the theoretical description, the universality and the origin\nof the anisotropy of driven diffusive systems, showing that the standard field\ntheory does not hold and supporting a recently proposed alternative theory.",
        "positive": "Symmetry in Critical Random Boolean Network Dynamics: Using Boolean networks as prototypical examples, the role of symmetry in the\ndynamics of heterogeneous complex systems is explored. We show that symmetry of\nthe dynamics, especially in critical states, is a controlling feature that can\nbe used both to greatly simplify analysis and to characterize different types\nof dynamics. Symmetry in Boolean networks is found by determining the frequency\nat which the various Boolean output functions occur. There are classes of\nfunctions that consist of Boolean functions that behave similarly. These\nclasses are orbits of the controlling symmetry group. We find that the symmetry\nthat controls the critical random Boolean networks is expressed through the\nfrequency by which output functions are utilized by nodes that remain active on\ndynamical attractors. This symmetry preserves canalization, a form of network\nrobustness. We compare it to a different symmetry known to control the dynamics\nof an evolutionary process that allows Boolean networks to organize into a\ncritical state. Our results demonstrate the usefulness and power of using the\nsymmetry of the behavior of the nodes to characterize complex network dynamics,\nand introduce a novel approach to the analysis of heterogeneous complex\nsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium Fluctuations in Maximally Noisy Extended Quantum Systems: We introduce and study a class of models of free fermions hopping between\nneighbouring sites with random Brownian amplitudes. These simple models\ndescribe stochastic, diffusive, quantum, unitary dynamics. We focus on periodic\nboundary conditions and derive the complete stationary distribution of the\nsystem. It is proven that the generating function of the latter is provided by\nthe Harish-Chandra-Itzykson-Zuber integral which allows us to access all\nfluctuations of the system state. The steady state is characterized by non\ntrivial correlations which have a topological nature. Diagrammatic tools\nappropriate for the study of these correlations are presented. In the\nthermodynamic large system size limit, the system approaches a non random\nequilibrium state plus occupancy and coherence fluctuations of magnitude\nscaling proportionally with the inverse of the square root of the volume. The\nlarge deviation function for those fluctuations is determined. Although\ndecoherence is effective on the mean steady state, we observe that sub-leading\nfluctuating coherences are dynamically produced from the inhomogeneities of the\ninitial occupancy profile.",
        "positive": "On entanglement hamiltonians of an interval in massless harmonic chains: We study the continuum limit of the entanglement hamiltonians of a block of\nconsecutive sites in massless harmonic chains. This block is either in the\nchain on the infinite line or at the beginning of a chain on the semi-infinite\nline with Dirichlet boundary conditions imposed at its origin. The entanglement\nhamiltonians of the interval predicted by Conformal Field Theory for the\nmassless scalar field are obtained in the continuum limit. We also study the\ncorresponding entanglement spectra and the numerical results for the ratios of\nthe gaps are compatible with the operator content of the Boundary Conformal\nField Theory of a massless scalar field with Neumann boundary conditions\nimposed along the boundaries introduced around the entangling points by the\nregularisation procedure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stability of giant vortices in quantum liquids: We show how giant vortices can be stabilized in strong external potential\nBose-Einstein condensates. We illustrate the formation of these vortices thanks\nto the relaxation Ginzburg-Landau dynamics for two typical potentials in two\nspatial dimensions. The giant vortex stability is studied for the particular\ncase of the rotating cylindrical hard wall. The minimization of the perturbed\nenergy is simplified into a one dimensional relaxation dynamics. The giant\nvortices can be stabilized only in a finite frequency range. Finally we obtain\na curve for the minimum frequency needed to observe a giant vortex for a given\nnonlinearity.",
        "positive": "Anomalous Ising freezing times: We measure the relaxation time of a square lattice Ising ferromagnet that is\nquenched to zero-temperature from supercritical initial conditions. We reveal\nan anomalous and seemingly overlooked timescale associated with the relaxation\nto \"frozen\" two-stripe states. While close to a power law of the form $\\sim\nL^{\\nu}$ , we argue this timescale actually grows as $\\sim L^{2}\\ln L$, with L\nthe linear dimension of the system. We uncover the mechanism behind this\nscaling form by using a synthetic initial condition that replicates the late\ntime ordering of two-stripe states, and subsequently explain it heuristically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Relation between the Psychological and Thermodynamic Arrows of\n  Time: In this paper we lay out an argument that generically the psychological arrow\nof time should align with the thermodynamic arrow of time where that arrow is\nwell-defined. This argument applies to any physical system that can act as a\nmemory, in the sense of preserving a record of the state of some other system.\nThis result follows from two principles: the robustness of the thermodynamic\narrow of time to small perturbations in the state, and the principle that a\nmemory should not have to be fine-tuned to match the state of the system being\nrecorded. This argument applies even if the memory system itself is completely\nreversible and non-dissipative. We make the argument with a paradigmatic\nsystem, then formulate it more broadly for any system that can be considered a\nmemory. We illustrate these principles for a few other example systems, and\ncompare our criteria to earlier treatments of this problem.",
        "positive": "Classical physics and blackbody radiation: We investigate the properties of the blackbody spectrum by direct numerical\nsolution of the classical equations of motion of a one-dimensional model that\ncontains the essential general features of the field-matter interaction. Our\nresults, which do not rely on any statistical assumption, show that the\nclassical blackbody spectrum exhibits remarkable properties: (i) a\nquasistationary state characterized by scaling properties, (ii) consistency\nwith the Stefan-Boltzmann law, and (iii) a high-frequency cutoff. Our work is a\npreliminary step in the understanding of statistical properties of infinite\ndimensional systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Levy-Nearest-Neighbors Bak-Sneppen Model: We study a random neighbor version of the Bak-Sneppen model, where \"nearest\nneighbors\" are chosen according to a probability distribution decaying as a\npower-law of the distance from the active site, P(x) \\sim |x-x_{ac\n}|^{-\\omega}. All the exponents characterizing the self-organized critical\nstate of this model depend on the exponent \\omega. As \\omega tends to 1 we\nrecover the usual random nearest neighbor version of the model. The pattern of\nresults obtained for a range of values of \\omega is also compatible with the\nresults of simulations of the original BS model in high dimensions. Moreover,\nour results suggest a critical dimension d_c=6 for the Bak-Sneppen model, in\ncontrast with previous claims.",
        "positive": "Pseudofractal Scale-free Web: We find that scale-free random networks are excellently modeled by a\ndeterministic graph. This graph has a discrete degree distribution (degree is\nthe number of connections of a vertex) which is characterized by a power-law\nwith exponent $\\gamma=1+\\ln3/\\ln2$. Properties of this simple structure are\nsurprisingly close to those of growing random scale-free networks with $\\gamma$\nin the most interesting region, between 2 and 3. We succeed to find exactly and\nnumerically with high precision all main characteristics of the graph. In\nparticular, we obtain the exact shortest-path-length distribution. For the\nlarge network ($\\ln N \\gg 1$) the distribution tends to a Gaussian of width\n$\\sim \\sqrt{\\ln N}$ centered at $\\bar{\\ell} \\sim \\ln N$. We show that the\neigenvalue spectrum of the adjacency matrix of the graph has a power-law tail\nwith exponent $2+\\gamma$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Assigning Temperatures to Eigenstates: In the study of thermalization in finite isolated quantum systems, an\ninescapable issue is the definition of temperature. We examine and compare\ndifferent possible ways of assigning temperatures to energies or equivalently\nto eigenstates in such systems. A commonly used assignment of temperature in\nthe context of thermalization is based on the canonical energy-temperature\nrelationship, which depends only on energy eigenvalues and not on the structure\nof eigenstates. For eigenstates, we consider defining temperature by minimizing\nthe distance between (full or reduced) eigenstate density matrices and\ncanonical density matrices. We show that for full eigenstates, the minimizing\ntemperature depends on the distance measure chosen and matches the canonical\ntemperature for the trace distance; however, the two matrices are not close.\nWith reduced density matrices, the minimizing temperature has fluctuations that\nscale with subsystem and system size but appears to be independent of distance\nmeasure. In particular limits, the two matrices become equivalent while the\ntemperature tends to the canonical temperature.",
        "positive": "How the Liquid-Liquid Transition Affects Hydrophobic Hydration in Deeply\n  Supercooled Water: We determine the phase diagram of liquid supercooled water by extensive\ncomputer simulations using the TIP5P-E model [J. Chem. Phys. {\\bf 120}, 6085\n(2004)]. We find that the transformation of water into a low density liquid in\nthe supercooled range strongly enhances the solubility of hydrophobic\nparticles. The transformation of water into a tetrahedrally structured liquid\nis accompanied by a minimum in the hydration entropy and enthalpy. The\ncorresponding change in sign of the solvation heat capacity indicates a loss of\none characteristic signature of hydrophobic hydration. The observed behavior is\nfound to be qualitatively in accordance with the predictions of the information\ntheory model of Garde et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 77}, 4966 (1996)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mori-Zwanzig projection operator formalism for systems with\n  time-dependent Hamiltonians: The Mori-Zwanzig projection operator formalism is a powerful method for the\nderivation of mesoscopic and macroscopic theories based on known microscopic\nequations of motion. It has applications in a large number of areas including\nfluid mechanics, solid-state theory, spin relaxation theory, and particle\nphysics. In its present form, however, the formalism cannot be directly applied\nto systems with time-dependent Hamiltonians. Such systems are relevant in a lot\nof scenarios like, for example, driven soft matter or nuclear magnetic\nresonance. In this article, we derive a generalization of the present\nMori-Zwanzig formalism that is able to treat also time-dependent Hamiltonians.\nThe extended formalism can be applied to classical and quantum systems, close\nto and far from thermodynamic equilibrium, and even in the case of explicitly\ntime-dependent observables. Moreover, we develop a variety of approximation\ntechniques that enhance the practical applicability of our formalism.\nGeneralizations and approximations are developed for both equations of motion\nand correlation functions. Our formalism is demonstrated for the important case\nof spin relaxation in a time-dependent external magnetic field. The Bloch\nequations are derived together with microscopic expressions for the relaxation\ntimes.",
        "positive": "Engineered swift equilibration for arbitrary geometries: Engineered swift equilibration (ESE) is a class of driving protocols that\nenforce an equilibrium distribution with respect to external control parameters\nat the beginning and end of rapid state transformations of open, classical\nnon-equilibrium systems. ESE protocols have previously been derived and\nexperimentally realized for Brownian particles in simple, one-dimensional,\ntime-varying trapping potentials; one recent study considered ESE in\ntwo-dimensional Euclidean configuration space. Here we extend the ESE framework\nto generic, overdamped Brownian systems in arbitrary curved configuration space\nand illustrate our results with specific examples not amenable to previous\ntechniques. Our approach may be used to impose the necessary dynamics to\ncontrol the full temporal configurational distribution in a wide variety of\nexperimentally realizable settings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "\"Tattered\" membrane: Ideal crystalline membranes, realized by graphene and other atomic\nmonolayers, exhibit rich physics - a universal anomalous elasticity of the\ncritical \"flat\" phase characterized by a negative Poisson ratio, universally\nsingular elastic moduli, order-from-disorder and a crumpling transition. We\nformulate a generalized $D$-dimensional field theory, parameterized by an\n$O(d)\\times O(D)$ tensor field with an {\\it energetic} longitudinal constraint.\nFor a soft constraint the resulting field theory describes a new class of a\nfluctuating \"tattered\" membranes, exhibiting a nonzero density of topological\nconnectivity defects - slits, cracks and faults at an effective medium level.\nFor hard, infinite-coupling constraint, the model reproduces the conventional\ncrystalline membrane and its crumpling transition, and thereby demonstrates the\nessence of the difference between an elastic membrane and conventional field\ntheories. Two additional fixed points emerge within the critical manifold, (i)\nglobally attractive, \"isotropic\" $O(d)\\times O(D)$, and (ii) \"transverse\",\nwhich in $D=2$ is the exact \"dual\" of the elastic membrane. Their properties\nare obtained in general $D,d$ from the renormalization group and the\nself-consistent screening analyses.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic features of the 1D dilute Ising model in the external\n  magnetic field: We consider the effects of the magnetic field on the frustrated phase states\nof the dilute Ising chain, especially, the behavior of the magnetic entropy\nchange and the isentropic dependence of the temperature on the magnetic field,\nwhich are the key parameters of the magnetocaloric effect. The found\ntemperature dependences of entropy demonstrate the nonequivalence of frustrated\nphases in the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic cases. In the\nantiferromagnetic case, the nonzero magnetic field at certain parameters causes\na charge ordering for nonmagnetic impurities at a half-filling, while in the\nferromagnetic case, the magnetic field reduces the frustration of the ground\nstate only partially. It is also shown, that impurities radically change the\nmagnetic Gr\\\"uneisen parameter in comparison with the case of a pure Ising\nchain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear dynamics in one dimension: On a criterion for coarsening and\n  its temporal law: We develop a general criterion about coarsening for a class of nonlinear\nevolution equations describing one dimensional pattern-forming systems. This\ncriterion allows one to discriminate between the situation where a coarsening\nprocess takes place and the one where the wavelength is fixed in the course of\ntime. An intermediate scenario may occur, namely `interrupted coarsening'. The\npower of the criterion lies in the fact that the statement about the occurrence\nof coarsening, or selection of a length scale, can be made by only inspecting\nthe behavior of the branch of steady state periodic solutions. The criterion\nstates that coarsening occurs if lambda'(A)>0 while a length scale selection\nprevails if lambda'(A)<0, where $lambda$ is the wavelength of the pattern and A\nis the amplitude of the profile. This criterion is established thanks to the\nanalysis of the phase diffusion equation of the pattern. We connect the phase\ndiffusion coefficient D(lambda) (which carries a kinetic information) to\nlambda'(A), which refers to a pure steady state property. The relationship\nbetween kinetics and the behavior of the branch of steady state solutions is\nestablished fully analytically for several classes of equations. Another\nimportant and new result which emerges here is that the exploitation of the\nphase diffusion coefficient enables us to determine in a rather straightforward\nmanner the dynamical coarsening exponent. Our calculation, based on the idea\nthat |D(lambda)|=lambda^2/t, is exemplified on several nonlinear equations,\nshowing that the exact exponent is captured. Some speculations about the\nextension of the present results to higher dimension are outlined.",
        "positive": "Evaluation of effective resistances in pseudo-distance-regular resistor\n  networks: In Refs.[1] and [2], calculation of effective resistances on distance-regular\nnetworks was investigated, where in the first paper, the calculation was based\non the stratification of the network and Stieltjes function associated with the\nnetwork, whereas in the latter one a recursive formula for effective\nresistances was given based on the Christoffel-Darboux identity. In this paper,\nevaluation of effective resistances on more general networks called\npseudo-distance-regular networks [21] or QD type networks \\cite{obata} is\ninvestigated, where we use the stratification of these networks and show that\nthe effective resistances between a given node such as $\\alpha$ and all of the\nnodes $\\beta$ belonging to the same stratum with respect to $\\alpha$\n($R_{\\alpha\\beta^{(m)}}$, $\\beta$ belonging to the $m$-th stratum with respect\nto the $\\alpha$) are the same. Then, based on the spectral techniques, an\nanalytical formula for effective resistances $R_{\\alpha\\beta^{(m)}}$ such that\n$L^{-1}_{\\alpha\\alpha}=L^{-1}_{\\beta\\beta}$ (those nodes $\\alpha$, $\\beta$ of\nthe network such that the network is symmetric with respect to them) is given\nin terms of the first and second orthogonal polynomials associated with the\nnetwork, where $L^{-1}$ is the pseudo-inverse of the Laplacian of the network.\n  From the fact that in distance-regular networks,\n$L^{-1}_{\\alpha\\alpha}=L^{-1}_{\\beta\\beta}$ is satisfied for all nodes\n$\\alpha,\\beta$ of the network, the effective resistances\n$R_{\\alpha\\beta^{(m)}}$ for $m=1,2,...,d$ ($d$ is diameter of the network which\nis the same as the number of strata) are calculated directly, by using the\ngiven formula."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Autonomous Brownian gyrators: a study on gyrating characteristics: We study the nonequilibrium steady-state (NESS) dynamics of two-dimensional\nBrownian gyrators under harmonic and nonharmonic potentials via computer\nsimulations and analyses based on the Fokker-Planck equation, while our\nnonharmonic cases feature a double-well potential and an isotropic quartic\npotential. In particular, we report two simple methods that can help understand\ngyrating patterns. For harmonic potentials, we use the Fokker-Planck equation\nto survey the NESS dynamical characteristics, i.e., the NESS currents gyrate\nalong the equiprobability contours and the stationary point of flow coincides\nwith the potential minimum. As a contrast, the NESS results in our nonharmonic\npotentials show that these properties are largely absent, as the gyrating\npatterns are much distinct from those of corresponding probability\ndistributions. Furthermore, we observe a critical case of the double-well\npotential, where the harmonic contribution to the gyrating pattern becomes\nabsent, and the NESS currents do not circulate about the equiprobability\ncontours nearby the potential minima even at low temperatures.",
        "positive": "Limit distributions of scale-invariant probabilistic models of\n  correlated random variables with the q-Gaussian as an explicit example: Extremization of the Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) entropy under appropriate norm and\nwidth constraints yields the Gaussian distribution. Also, the basic solutions\nof the standard Fokker-Planck (FP) equation (related to the Langevin equation\nwith additive noise), as well as the Central Limit Theorem attractors, are\nGaussians. The simplest stochastic model with such features is N to infinity\nindependent binary random variables, as first proved by de Moivre and Laplace.\nWhat happens for strongly correlated random variables? Such correlations are\noften present in physical situations as e.g. systems with long range\ninteractions or memory. Frequently q-Gaussians become observed. This is\ntypically so if the Langevin equation includes multiplicative noise, or the FP\nequation to be nonlinear. Scale-invariance, i.e. exchangeable binary stochastic\nprocesses, allow a systematical analysis of the relation between correlations\nand non-Gaussian distributions. In particular, a generalized stochastic model\nyielding q-Gaussians for all q (including q>1) was missing. This is achieved\nhere by using the Laplace-de Finetti representation theorem, which embodies\nstrict scale-invariance of interchangeable random variables. We demonstrate\nthat strict scale invariance together with q-Gaussianity mandates the\nassociated extensive entropy to be BG."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "General Features of the Relaxation Dynamics of Interacting Quantum\n  Systems: We study numerically and analytically isolated interacting quantum systems\nthat are taken out of equilibrium instantaneously (quenched). The probability\nof finding the initial state in time, the so-called fidelity, decays fastest\nfor systems described by full random matrices, where simultaneous many-body\ninteractions are implied. In the realm of realistic systems with two-body\ninteractions, the dynamics is slower and depends on the interplay between the\ninitial state and the Hamiltonian characterizing the system. The fastest\nfidelity decay in this case is Gaussian and can persist until saturation. A\nsimple general picture, in which the fidelity plays a central role, is also\nachieved for the short-time dynamics of few-body observables. It holds for\ninitial states that are eigenstates of the observables. We also discuss the\nneed to reassess analytical expressions that were previously proposed to\ndescribe the evolution of the Shannon entropy. Our analyses are mainly\ndeveloped for initial states that can be prepared in experiments with cold\natoms in optical lattices.",
        "positive": "Decay of correlations in the dissipative two-state system: We study the equilibrium correlation function of the polaron-dressed\ntunnelling operator in the dissipative two-state system and compare the\nasymptoptic dynamics with that of the position correlations. For an Ohmic\nspectral density with the damping strength $K=1/2$, the correlation functions\nare obtained in analytic form for all times at any $T$ and any bias. For $K<1$,\nthe asymptotic dynamics is found by using a diagrammatic approach within a\nCoulomb gas representation. At T=0, the tunnelling or coherence correlations\ndrop as $t^{-2K}$, whereas the position correlations show universal decay\n$\\propto t^{-2}$. The former decay law is a signature of unscreened attractive\ncharge-charge interactions, while the latter is due to unscreened dipole-dipole\ninteractions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Circular Kardar-Parisi-Zhang interfaces evolving out of the plane: Circular KPZ interfaces spreading radially in the plane have GUE Tracy-Widom\n(TW) height distribution (HD) and Airy$_2$ spatial covariance, but what are\ntheir statistics if they evolve on the surface of a different background space,\nsuch as a bowl, a cup, or any surface of revolution? To give an answer to this,\nwe report here extensive numerical analyses of several one-dimensional KPZ\nmodels on substrates whose size enlarges as $\\langle L(t) \\rangle = L_0+\\omega\nt^{\\gamma}$, while their mean height $\\langle h \\rangle$ increases as usual\n[$\\langle h \\rangle\\sim t$]. We show that the competition between the $L$\nenlargement and the correlation length ($\\xi \\simeq c t^{1/z}$) plays a key\nrole in the asymptotic statistics of the interfaces. While systems with\n$\\gamma>1/z$ have HDs given by GUE and the interface width increasing as $w\n\\sim t^{\\beta}$, for $\\gamma<1/z$ the HDs are Gaussian, in a correlated regime\nwhere $w \\sim t^{\\alpha \\gamma}$. For the special case $\\gamma=1/z$, a\ncontinuous class of distributions exists, which interpolate between Gaussian\n(for small $\\omega/c$) and GUE (for $\\omega/c \\gg 1$). Interestingly, the HD\nseems to agree with the Gaussian symplectic ensemble (GSE) TW distribution for\n$\\omega/c \\approx 10$. Despite the GUE HDs for $\\gamma>1/z$, the spatial\ncovariances present a strong dependence on the parameters $\\omega$ and\n$\\gamma$, agreeing with Airy$_2$ only for $\\omega \\gg 1$, for a given $\\gamma$,\nor when $\\gamma=1$, for a fixed $\\omega$. These results considerably generalize\nour knowledge on the 1D KPZ systems, unveiling the importance of the background\nspace in their statistics.",
        "positive": "Physical meaning and measurement of the entropic parameter $q$ in an\n  inhomogeneous magnetic systems: In this paper we present a thorough analysis of two systems magnetically\ninhomogeneous: the manganite La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$/MgO and the amorphous\nalloy Cu$_{90}$Co$_{10}$. In both cases, the non-extensive statistics yield a\nfaithful description of the magnetic behavior of the systems. In the model\nproposed here, the inhomogeneous magnetic system is composed by many\nMaxwell-Boltzmann homogeneous bits and the entropic parameter $q$ is related to\nthe moments of the distribution of the inhomogeneous quantity. From the\nanalysis of Scanning Tunnelling Spectroscopy (STS) images, the $q$ parameter\ncan be directly measured."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear and spin-glass susceptibilities of three site-diluted systems: The nonlinear magnetic $\\chi_{3}$ and spin-glass $\\chi_{sg}$ susceptibilities\nin zero applied field are obtained, from tempered Monte Carlo simulations, for\nthree different spin glasses (SGs) of Ising spins with quenched site disorder.\nWe find that the relation $-T^3\\chi_3=\\chi_{sg}-2/3$ ($T$ is the temperature),\nwhich holds for Edwards-Anderson SGs, is approximately fulfilled in\ncanonical-like SGs. For nearest neighbor antiferromagnetic interactions, on a\n0.4 fraction of all sites in fcc lattices, as well as for spatially disordered\nIsing dipolar (DID) systems, $-T^3\\chi_3$ and $\\chi_{sg}$ appear to diverge in\nthe same manner at the critical temperature $T_{sg}$. However, $-T^3\\chi_3$ is\nsmaller than $ \\chi_{sg}$ by over two orders of magnitude in the diluted fcc\nsystem. In DID systems, $-T^3\\chi_3/\\chi_{sg}$ is very sensitive to the systems\naspect ratio. Whereas near $T_{sg}$, $\\chi_{sg}$ varies by approximately a\nfactor of 2 as system shape varies from cubic to long-thin-needle shapes,\n$\\chi_3$ sweeps over some four decades.",
        "positive": "Effects of immunization in small-world epidemics: The propagation of model epidemics on a small-world network under the action\nof immunization is studied. Although the connectivity in this kind of networks\nis rather uniform, a vaccination strategy focused on the best connected\nindividuals yields a considerable improvement of disease control. The model\nexhibits a transition from disease localization to propagation as the disorder\nof the underlying network grows. As a consequence, for fixed disorder, a\nthreshold immunization level exists above which the disease remains localized."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-similar disk packings as model spatial scale-free networks: The network of contacts in space-filling disk packings, such as the\nApollonian packing, are examined. These networks provide an interesting example\nof spatial scale-free networks, where the topology reflects the broad\ndistribution of disk areas. A wide variety of topological and spatial\nproperties of these systems are characterized. Their potential as models for\nnetworks of connected minima on energy landscapes is discussed.",
        "positive": "Unveiling the Phase Diagram and Reaction Paths of the Active Model B\n  with the Deep Minimum Action Method: Nonequilibrium phase transitions are notably difficult to analyze because\ntheir mechanisms depend on the system's dynamics in a complex way due to the\nlack of time-reversal symmetry. To complicate matters, the system's\nsteady-state distribution is unknown in general. Here, the phase diagram of the\nactive Model B is computed with a deep neural network implementation of the\ngeometric minimum action method (gMAM). This approach unveils the\nunconventional reaction paths and nucleation mechanism by which the system\nswitches between the homogeneous and inhomogeneous phases in the binodal\nregion. Our main findings are: (i) the mean time to escape the phase-separated\nstate is (exponentially) extensive in the system size $L$, but it increases\nnon-monotonically with $L$; (ii) the mean time to escape the homogeneous state\nis always finite, in line with the recent work of Cates and Nardini~[Phys. Rev.\nLett. 130, 098203]; (iii) at fixed $L$, the active term increases the stability\nof the homogeneous phase, eventually destroying the phase separation in the\nbinodal for large but finite systems. Our results are particularly relevant for\nactive matter systems in which the number of constituents hardly goes beyond\n$10^7$ and where finite-size effects matter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of two-component log-gases with alternating charges: We consider a one-dimensional gas of positive and negative unit charges\ninteracting via a logarithmic potential, which is in thermal equilibrium at the\n(dimensionless) inverse temperature $\\beta$. In a previous paper [Samaj, L.: J.\nStat. Phys. 105, 173-191 (2001)], the exact thermodynamics of the unrestricted\nlog-gas of pointlike charges was obtained using an equivalence with a\n(1+1)-dimensional boundary sine-Gordon model. The present aim is to extend the\nexact study of the thermodynamics to the log-gas on a line with alternating\n$\\pm$ charges. The formula for the ordered grand partition function is obtained\nby using the exact results of the Thermodynamic Bethe ansatz. The complete\nthermodynamics of the ordered log-gas with pointlike charges is checked by a\nsmall-$\\beta$ expansion and at the collapse point $\\beta_c=1$. The inclusion of\na small hard core around particles permits us to go beyond the collapse point.\nThe differences between the unconstrained and ordered versions of the log-gas\nare pointed out.",
        "positive": "Relaxation dynamics in the alternating XY chain following a quantum\n  quench: We investigate the relaxation dynamics of the fermion two-point correlation\nfunction $C_{mn}(t)=\\langle\\psi(t)|c_{m}^{\\dag}c_{n}|\\psi(t)\\rangle$ in the XY\nchain with staggered nearest-neighbor hopping interaction after a quench. We\nfind that the deviation $\\delta C_{mn}(t)=C_{mn}(t)-C_{mn}(\\infty)$ decays with\ntime following the power law behavior $t^{-\\mu}$, where the exponent $\\mu$\ndepends on whether the quench is to the commensurate phase ($\\mu=1$) and\nincommensurate phase ($\\mu=\\frac{1}{2}$). This decay of $\\delta C_{mn}(t)$\narises from the transient behavior of the double excited quasiparticle\noccupations and the transitions between different excitation spectra.\nFurthermore, we find that the steady value $C_{mn}(\\infty)$, which is different\nfrom the ground state expectation value, only involves the average fermion\noccupation numbers (i.e. the average excited single particle). We also observe\nnonanalytic singularities in the steady value $C_{mn}(\\infty)$ for the quench\nto the critical points of the quantum phase transitions (QPTs), suggesting its\npotential use as a signature of QPTs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collective excitation frequencies of Bosons in a parabolic potential\n  with interparticle harmonic interactions: The fact that the ground-state first-order density matrix for Bosons in a\nparabolic potential with interparticle harmonic interactions is known in exact\nform is here exploited to study collective excitations in the weak-coupling\nregime. Oscillations about the ground-state density are treated analytically by\na linearized equation of motion which includes a kinetic energy contribution.\nWe show that the dipole mode has the frequency of the bare trap, in accord with\nthe Kohn theorem, and derive explicit expressions for the frequencies of the\nhigher-multipole modes in terms of a frequency renormalized by the\ninteractions.",
        "positive": "Finite-size scaling method for the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless\n  transition: We test an improved finite-size scaling method for reliably extracting the\ncritical temperature $T_{\\rm BKT}$ of a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT)\ntransition. Using known single-parameter logarithmic corrections to the spin\nstiffness $\\rho_s$ at $T_{\\rm BKT}$ in combination with the Kosterlitz-Nelson\nrelation between the transition temperature and the stiffness, $\\rho_s(T_{\\rm\nBKT})=2T_{\\rm BKT}/\\pi$, we define a size dependent transition temperature\n$T_{\\rm BKT}(L_1,L_2)$ based on a pair of system sizes $L_1,L_2$, e.g.,\n$L_2=2L_1$. We use Monte Carlo data for the standard two-dimensional classical\nXY model to demonstrate that this quantity is well behaved and can be reliably\nextrapolated to the thermodynamic limit using the next expected logarithmic\ncorrection beyond the ones included in defining $T_{\\rm BKT}(L_1,L_2)$. For the\nMonte Carlo calculations we use GPU (graphical processing unit) computing to\nobtain high-precision data for $L$ up to 512. We find that the sub-leading\nlogarithmic corrections have significant effects on the extrapolation. Our\nresult $T_{\\rm BKT}=0.8935(1)$ is several error bars above the previously best\nestimates of the transition temperature; $T_{\\rm BKT} \\approx 0.8929$. If only\nthe leading log-correction is used, the result is, however, consistent with the\nlower value, suggesting that previous works have underestimated $T_{\\rm BKT}$\nbecause of neglect of sub-leading logarithms. Our method is easy to implement\nin practice and should be applicable to generic BKT transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise-induced phase transitions in field-dependent relaxational\n  dynamics: The Gaussian ansatz: We present an analytic mean field theory for relaxational dynamics in\nspatially extended systems that undergo purely noise-induced phase transitions\nto ordered states. The theory augments the usual mean field approach with a\nGaussian ansatz that yields quantitatively accurate results for strong\ncoupling. We obtain analytic results not only for steady state mean fields and\ndistribution widths, but also for the dynamical approach to a steady state or\nto collective oscillatory behaviors in multi-field systems. Because the theory\nyields dynamical information, it can also predict the\ninitial-condition-dependent final state (disordered state, steady or\noscillatory ordered state) in multistable arrays.",
        "positive": "Bali's ancient rice terraces: A Hamiltonian approach: We propose a Hamiltonian approach to reproduce the relevant elements of the\ncenturies-old Subak irrigation system in Bali, showing a cluster-size power-law\ndistribution. The resulting system presents two equilibria. The first balance\nis between energy and entropy contributions. The second lies in the energy\ncontribution: a local Potts-type interaction and a long-range\nanti-ferromagnetic one without attenuation. Finite-size scaling analysis shows\nthat as a result of the second balance, the transition balancing energy and\nentropy contributions for low values of the antiferromagnetic contribution is\nabsorbed by the transition for high values of that contribution as the system\nsize increases. The system thus presents only a weak-first order phase\ntransition at the thermodynamic limit. This extends the Hamiltonian framework\nto a new domain of coupled human-environmental interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Giant strongly connected component of directed networks: We describe how to calculate the sizes of all giant connected components of a\ndirected graph, including the {\\em strongly} connected one. Just to the class\nof directed networks, in particular, belongs the World Wide Web. The results\nare obtained for graphs with statistically uncorrelated vertices and an\narbitrary joint in,out-degree distribution $P(k_i,k_o)$. We show that if\n$P(k_i,k_o)$ does not factorize, the relative size of the giant strongly\nconnected component deviates from the product of the relative sizes of the\ngiant in- and out-components. The calculations of the relative sizes of all the\ngiant components are demonstrated using the simplest examples. We explain that\nthe giant strongly connected component may be less resilient to random damage\nthan the giant weakly connected one.",
        "positive": "Percolation transitions in two dimensions: We investigate bond- and site-percolation models on several two-dimensional\nlattices numerically, by means of transfer-matrix calculations and Monte Carlo\nsimulations. The lattices include the square, triangular, honeycomb kagome and\ndiced lattices with nearest-neighbor bonds, and the square lattice with\nnearest- and next-nearest-neighbor bonds. Results are presented for the\nbond-percolation thresholds of the kagome and diced lattices, and the\nsite-percolation thresholds of the square, honeycomb and diced lattices. We\nalso include the bond- and site-percolation thresholds for the square lattice\nwith nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor bonds.\n  We find that corrections to scaling behave according to the second\ntemperature dimension $X_{t2}=4$ predicted by the Coulomb gas theory and the\ntheory of conformal invariance. In several cases there is evidence for an\nadditional term with the same exponent, but modified by a logarithmic factor.\nOnly for the site-percolation problem on the triangular lattice such a\nlogarithmic term appears to be small or absent. The amplitude of the power-law\ncorrection associated with $X_{t2}=4$ is found to be dependent on the\norientation of the lattice with respect to the cylindrical geometry of the\nfinite systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Estimating the Density of States of Frustrated Spin Systems: Estimating the density of states of systems with rugged free energy\nlandscapes is a notoriously difficult task of the utmost importance in many\nareas of physics ranging from spin glasses to biopolymers. Density of states\nestimation has also recently become an indispensable tool for the benchmarking\nof quantum annealers when these function as samplers. Some of the standard\napproaches suffer from a spurious convergence of the estimates to metastable\nminima, and these cases are particularly hard to detect. Here, we introduce a\nsampling technique based on population annealing enhanced with a\nmulti-histogram analysis and report on its performance for spin glasses. We\ndemonstrate its ability to overcome the pitfalls of other entropic samplers,\nresulting in some cases in large scaling advantages that can lead to the\nuncovering of new physics. The new technique avoids some inherent difficulties\nin established approaches and can be applied to a wide range of systems without\nrelevant tailoring requirements. Benchmarking of the studied techniques is\nfacilitated by the introduction of several schemes that allow us to achieve\nexact counts of the degeneracies of the tested instances.",
        "positive": "Ultraslow Convergence to Ergodicity in Transient Subdiffusion: We investigate continuous time random walks with truncated $\\alpha$-stable\ntrapping times. We prove distributional ergodicity for a class of observables;\nnamely, the time-averaged observables follow the probability density function\ncalled the Mittag--Leffler distribution. This distributional ergodic behavior\npersists for a long time, and thus the convergence to the ordinary ergodicity\nis considerably slower than in the case in which the trapping-time distribution\nis given by common distributions. We also find a crossover from the\ndistributional ergodic behavior to the ordinary ergodic behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Diagram of a Diluted Triangular Lattice Ising Antiferromagnet in a\n  Field: Magnetization processes and phase transitions in a geometrically frustrated\ntriangular lattice Ising antiferromagnet in the presence of an external\nmagnetic field and a random site dilution are studied by the use of an\neffective-field theory with correlations. We find that the interplay between\nthe applied field and the frustration-relieving dilution results in peculiar\nphase diagrams in the temperature-field-dilution parameter space.",
        "positive": "Phase Diagram and Critical Behavior of the Spin-1 Baxter-Wu Model with a\n  Crystal Field: The phase diagram and critical behavior of the spin-1 Baxter-Wu model with a\ncrystal field in two dimensions is explored by renormalization group,\nconventional finite-size scaling and conformal invariance techniques. We found\nthat the phase diagram of this model is qualitatively the same as that of the\ndilute 4-states Potts model, presenting a multi-critical point for a finite\nvalue of the crystal field, in disagreement with previous work based on\nfinite-size calculations. However, our results indicate that the critical\nexponents vary continuously along the second-order transition line, differently\nfrom the expected behavior of the dilute 4-states Potts model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical mean-field theory: from ecosystems to reaction networks: Both natural ecosystems and biochemical reaction networks involve populations\nof heterogeneous agents whose cooperative and competitive interactions lead to\na rich dynamics of species' abundances, albeit at vastly different scales. The\nmaintenance of diversity in large ecosystems is a longstanding puzzle, towards\nwhich recent progress has been made by the derivation of dynamical mean-field\ntheories of random models. In particular, it has recently been shown that these\nrandom models have a chaotic phase in which abundances display wild\nfluctuations. When modest spatial structure is included, these fluctuations are\nstabilized and diversity is maintained. If and how these phenomena have\nparallels in biochemical reaction networks is currently unknown. Making this\nconnection is of interest since life requires cooperation among a large number\nof molecular species. In this work, we find a reaction network whose\nlarge-scale behavior recovers the random Lotka-Volterra model recently\nconsidered in theoretical ecology. We clarify the assumptions necessary to\nderive its large-scale description, and reveal the underlying assumptions made\non the noise to recover previous dynamical mean-field theories. Then, we show\nhow local detailed balance and the positivity of reaction rates, which are key\nphysical requirements of chemical reaction networks, provide obstructions\ntowards the construction of an associated dynamical mean-field theory of\nbiochemical reaction networks. Finally, we outline prospects and challenges for\nthe future.",
        "positive": "Scale-free networks without growth: In this letter, we proposed an ungrowing scale-free network model, wherein\nthe total number of nodes is fixed and the evolution of network structure is\ndriven by a rewiring process only. In spite of the idiographic form of $G$, by\nusing a two-order master equation, we obtain the analytic solution of degree\ndistribution in stable state of the network evolution under the condition that\nthe selection probability $G$ in rewiring process only depends on nodes'\ndegrees. A particular kind of the present networks with $G$ linearly correlated\nwith degree is studied in detail. The analysis and simulations show that the\ndegree distributions of these networks can varying from the Possion form to the\npower-law form with the decrease of a free parameter $\\alpha$, indicating the\ngrowth may not be a necessary condition of the self-organizaton of a network in\na scale-free structure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An elliptic current operator for the 8 vertex model: We compute the operator which creates the missing degenerate states in the\nalgebraic Bethe ansatz of the 8 vertex model at roots of unity and relate it to\nthe concept of an elliptic current operator. We find that in sharp contrast\nwith the corresponding formalism in the six-vertex model at roots of unity the\ncurrent operator is not nilpotent with the consequence that in the construction\nof degenerate eigenstates of the transfer matrix an arbitrary number of exact\nstrings can be added to the set of regular Bethe roots. Thus the original set\nof free parameters {s,t} of an eigenvector of T is enlarged to become\n{s,t,\\lambda_{c,1}, ..., \\lambda_{c,n}\\} with arbitrary string centers\n\\lambda_{c,j} and arbitrary n.",
        "positive": "The Asymmetric Valence-Bond-Solid States in Quantum Spin Chains: The\n  Difference Between Odd and Even Spins: The qualitative difference in low-energy properties of spin $S$ quantum\nantiferromagnetic chains with integer $S$ and half-odd-integer $S$ discovered\nby Haldane can be intuitively understood in terms of the valence-bond picture\nproposed by Affleck, Kennedy, Lieb, and Tasaki. Here we develop a similarly\nintuitive diagrammatic explanation of the qualitative difference between chains\nwith odd $S$ and even $S$, which is at the heart of the theory of\nsymmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases.\n  More precisely, we define one-parameter families of states, which we call the\nasymmetric valence-bond solid (VBS) states, that continuously interpolate\nbetween the Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) state and the trivial zero state\nin quantum spin chains with $S=1$ and 2. The asymmetric VBS state is obtained\nby systematically modifying the AKLT state. It always has exponentially\ndecaying truncated correlation functions and is a unique gapped ground state of\na short-ranged Hamiltonian. We also observe that the asymmetric VBS state\npossesses the time-reversal, the $\\mathbb{Z}_2\\times\\mathbb{Z}_2$, and the\nbond-centered inversion symmetries for $S=2$, but not for $S=1$. This is\nconsistent with the known fact that the AKLT model belongs to the trivial SPT\nphase if $S=2$ and to a nontrivial SPT phase if $S=1$. Although such\ninterpolating families of disordered states were already known, our\nconstruction is unified and is based on a simple physical picture. It also\nextends to spin chains with general integer $S$ and provides us with an\nintuitive explanation of the essential difference between models with odd and\neven spins."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solving a nonlinear analytical model for bosonic equilibration: An integrable nonlinear model for the time-dependent equilibration of a\nbosonic system that has been devised earlier is solved exactly with boundary\nconditions that are appropriate for a truncated Bose-Einstein distribution, and\ninclude the singularity at $\\epsilon = \\mu$. The buildup of a thermal tail\nduring evaporative cooling, as well as the transition to the condensed state\nare accounted for. To enforce particle-number conservation during the cooling\nprocess with an energy-dependent density of states for a three-dimensional\nthermal cloud, a time-dependent chemical potential is introduced.",
        "positive": "Optimizing Energetic cost of Uncertainty in a Driven System With and\n  Without Feedback: Many biological functions require the dynamics to be necessarily driven\nout-of-equilibrium. In contrast, in various contexts, a nonequilibrium dynamics\nat fast timescales can be described by an effective equilibrium dynamics at a\nslower timescale. In this work we study the two different aspects, (i) the\nenergy-efficiency tradeoff for a specific nonequilibrium linear dynamics of two\nvariables with feedback, and (ii) the cost of effective parameters in a\ncoarse-grained theory as given by the \"hidden\" dissipation and entropy\nproduction rate in the effective equilibrium limit of the dynamics. To\nmeaningfully discuss the tradeoff between energy consumption and the efficiency\nof the desired function, a one-to-one mapping between function(s) and energy\ninput is required. The function considered in this work is the variance of one\nof the variables. We get a one-to-one mapping by considering the minimum\nvariance obtained for a fixed entropy production rate and vice-versa. We find\nthat this minimum achievable variance is a monotonically decreasing function of\nthe given entropy production rate. When there is a timescale separation, in the\neffective equilibrium limit, the cost of the effective potential and\ntemperature is the associated \"hidden\" entropy production rate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "General relaxation time of the fidelity for isolated quantum\n  thermodynamic systems: General evaluation of the relaxation time to equilibrium is usually\nconsidered as difficult, since it would strongly depend on the model of\ninterest. In this paper, we provide a generic initial relaxation time of the\nfidelity for the isolated large systems. The decay of the fidelity is a\ncombination of the Lorentzian and a sinusoidal oscillation. We calculate the\nrelaxation time of the Lorentzian envelop, and the period of the oscillation.\nRemarkably, these two time scales are the same order when the energy range of\nthe microcanonical state is larger than the thermal fluctuation. Also, the\npower law decay generally exists for long time regime.",
        "positive": "Frustrated Heisenberg Antiferromagnets on Cubic Lattices: Magnetic\n  Structures, Exchange Gaps, and Non-Conventional Critical Behaviour: We have studied the Heisenberg antiferromagnets characterized by the magnetic\nstructures with the periods being two times larger than the lattice period. We\nhave considered all the types of the Bravais lattices (simple cubic, bcc and\nfcc) and divided all these antiferromagnets into 7 classes i.e. 3 plus 4\nclasses denoted with symbols A and B correspondingly. The order parameter\ncharacterizing the degeneracies of the magnetic structures is an ordinary Neel\nvector for A classes and so-called 4-complex for B classes. We have taken into\naccount the fluctuation corrections for these states within the spin-wave and\nlarge-N expansions ($N$ is the number of spin components). Below the Neel\ntemperature $T_{\\rm{N}}$ quantum and thermal fluctuations lift the degeneracy\nmaking simple one-wave vector collinear structure preferable for all the\nclasses. A satellite of this effect is opening of the exchange gaps at certain\nwave vectors in the spin wave spectrum (there is an analogous effect for the\nnonuniform static transverse susceptibility). However, as the temperature\napproaches $T_{\\rm{N}}$, the exchange gaps are closing. We have calculated the\ncritical indices $\\eta$ and $\\nu$ to order of $1/N$ and found that they differ\nfor A and B classes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Clausius formulation of the second law in stationary chemical\n  networks through the theorems of the alternative: In this article the Gordan theorem is applied to the thermodynamics of a\nchemical reaction network at steady state. From a theoretical viewpoint it is\nequivalent to the Clausius formulation of the second law for the out of\nequilibrium steady states of chemical networks, i.e. it states that the\nexclusion (presence) of closed reactions loops makes possible (impossible) the\ndefinition of a thermodynamic potential and vice versa. On the computational\nside, it reveals that calculating reactions free energy and searching\ninfeasible loops in flux states are dual problems whose solutions are\nalternatively inconsistent. The relevance of this result for applications is\ndiscussed with an example in the field of constraints-based modeling of\ncellular metabolism where it leads to efficient and scalable methods to afford\nthe energy balance analysis.",
        "positive": "Range-based attacks on links in random scale-free networks: $Range$ and $load$ play keys on the problem of attacking on links in random\nscale-free (RSF) networks. In this Brief Report we obtain the relation between\n$range$ and $load$ in RSF networks analytically by the generating function\ntheory, and then give an estimation about the impact of attacks on the\n$efficiency$ of the network. The analytical results show that short range\nattacks are more destructive for RSF networks, and are confirmed numerically.\nFurther our results are consistent with the former literature (Physical Review\nE \\textbf{66}, 065103(R) (2002))."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theoretical Study of the Frustrated Ising Antiferromagnet on the\n  Honeycomb Lattice: We study effects of the next-next-nearest-neighbour antiferromagnetic ($J_3 <\n0$) interaction on critical properties (or phase diagram) of the frustrated\nspin-$\\frac{1}{2}$ $J_1-J_2-J_3$ Ising antiferromagnet on the honeycomb lattice\nby using the effective-field theory with correlations. Beside the ground-state\nenergy, we find that there is a region of $J_3 < 0$ in which the frustrated\nhoneycomb lattice antiferromagnet exhibits a tricritical point, at which the\nphase transition changes from the second order to the first one on the line\nbetween N\\'eel antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases.",
        "positive": "Complex Networks, Simple Vision: This paper proposes and illustrates a general framework to integrate the\nareas of vision research and complex networks. Each image pixel is associated\nto a network node and the Euclidean distance between the visual properties\n(e.g. gray-level intensity, color or texture) at each possible pair of pixels\nis assigned as the respective edge weight. In addition to investigating the\ntherefore obtained weight and adjacency matrices in terms of node degree\ndensities, it is shown that the combination of the concepts of network hub and\n\\emph{2-}expansion of the adjacency matrix provides an effective means to\nseparate the image elements, a challenging task in computer vision known as\nsegmentation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Toward the full short-time statistics of an active Brownian particle on\n  the plane: We study the position distribution of a single active Brownian particle (ABP)\non the plane. We show that this distribution has a compact support, the\nboundary of which is an expanding circle. We focus on a short-time regime and\nemploy the optimal fluctuation method (OFM) to study large deviations of the\nparticle position coordinates $x$ and $y$. We determine the optimal paths of\nthe ABP, conditioned on reaching specified values of $x$ and $y$, and the large\ndeviation functions of the marginal distributions of $x$, and of $y$. These\nmarginal distributions match continuously with \"near tails\" of the $x$ and $y$\ndistributions of typical fluctuations, studied earlier. We also calculate the\nlarge deviation function of the joint $x$ and $y$ distribution $P(x,y,t)$ in a\nvicinity of a special \"zero-noise\" point, and show that $\\ln P(x,y,t)$ has a\nnontrivial self-similar structure as a function of $x$, $y$ and $t$. The joint\ndistribution vanishes extremely fast at the expanding circle, exhibiting an\nessential singularity there. This singularity is inherited by the marginal $x$-\nand $y$-distributions. We argue that this fingerprint of the short-time\ndynamics remains there at all times.",
        "positive": "Slow dynamics and precursors of the glass transition in granular fluids: We use event driven simulations to analyze glassy dynamics as a function of\ndensity and energy dissipation in a two-dimensional bidisperse granular fluid\nunder stationary conditions. Clear signatures of a glass transition are\nidentified, such as an increase of relaxation times over several orders of\nmagnitude. As the inelasticity is increased, the glass transition is shifted to\nhigher densities and the precursors of the transition become less and less\npronounced -- in agreement with a recent mode-coupling theory. We analyze the\nlong-time tails of the velocity autocorrelation and discuss its consequences\nfor the nonexistence of the diffusion constant in two dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Continuous attractor-based clocks are unreliable phase estimators: Statistical estimation theory determines the optimal way of estimating\nparameters of a fluctuating noisy signal. However, if the estimation is\nperformed on unreliable hardware, a sub-optimal estimation procedure can\noutperform the previously optimal procedure. Here, we compare classes of\ncircadian clocks by viewing them as phase estimators for the periodic day-night\nlight signal. We find that continuous attractor-based free running clocks, such\nas those found in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus and humans, are\nnearly optimal phase estimators since their flat attractor directions\nefficiently project out light intensity fluctuations due to weather patterns\n(`external noise'). However, such flat directions also make these continuous\nlimit cycle attractors highly vulnerable to diffusive 'internal noise'. Given\nsuch unreliable biochemical hardware, we find that point attractor-based damped\nclocks, such as those found in a smaller cyanobacterium with low protein copy\nnumber, Prochlorococcus marinus, outperform continuous attractor-based clocks.\nBy interpolating between the two types of clocks found in these organisms, we\ndemonstrate a family of biochemical phase estimation strategies that are best\nsuited to different relative strengths of external and internal noise.",
        "positive": "Phonon bottleneck in the low-excitation limit: The phonon-bottleneck problem in the relaxation of two-level systems (spins)\nvia direct phonon processes is considered numerically in the weak-excitation\nlimit where the Schroedinger equation for the spin-phonon system simplifies.\nThe solution for the relaxing spin excitation p(t), emitted phonons n_k(t),\netc. is obtained in terms of the exact many-body eigenstates. In the absence of\nphonon damping Gamma_{ph} and inhomogeneous broadening, p(t) approaches the\nbottleneck plateau p_\\infty > 0 with strongly damped oscillations, the\nfrequency being related to the spin-phonon splitting Delta at the avoided\ncrossing. For any Gamma_{ph} > 0 one has p(t) -> 0 but in the case of strong\nbottleneck the spin relaxation rate is much smaller than Gamma_{ph} and p(t) is\nnonexponential. Inhomogeneous broadening exceeding Delta partially alleviates\nthe bottleneck and removes oscillations of p(t). The line width of emitted\nphonons, as well as Delta, increase with the strength of the bottleneck, i.e.,\nwith the concentration of spins."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous diffusion with log-periodic modulation in a selected time\n  interval: On certain self-similar substrates the time behavior of a random walk is\nmodulated by logarithmic periodic oscillations on all time scales. We show that\nif disorder is introduced in a way that self-similarity holds only in average,\nthe modulating oscillations are washed out but subdiffusion remains as in the\nperfect self-similar case. Also, if disorder distribution is appropriately\nchosen the oscillations are localized in a selected time interval. Both the\noverall random walk exponent and the period of the oscillations are\nanalytically obtained and confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Correlation Time for Step Structural Fluctuations: Time dependent STM has been used to evaluate step fluctuations as a function\nof temperature (300-450 K) on Ag(111) films grown on mica. The temporal\ncorrelation function scales as a power law in time, t^1/n with measured values\nof 1/n varying over a range of 0.19 pm 0.04 to 0.29 pm 0.04 with no dependence\non temperature. The average value of 1/n = 0.24 pm 0.01 is consistent with\nstep-edge diffusion limited fluctuations (n = z = 4, conserved noise). The\nmagnitude of the time correlation function and the width of the fluctuations\nboth scale with temperature with the same apparent activation energy of Eeff =\n0.21 pm 0.02 eV, indicating that the correlation time is at most weakly\ntemperature dependent. Direct analysis of the autocorrelation function confirms\nthat the correlation time is at most weakly temperature dependent, and thus the\napparent correlation length is strongly temperature dependent. This behavior\ncan be reproduced by assuming that the apparent correlation length is governed\nby the longest wavelength of step fluctuations that can be sampled in the\nmeasurement time interval. Evaluation of the correlation time for previous\nmeasurements for Al/Si(111) (z =2) yields the same conclusion about measurement\ntime interval. In both cases the ratio of the measurement time to the effective\ncorrelation time is on the order of 10."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Physicist's Companion to Current Fluctuations: One-Dimensional\n  Bulk-Driven Lattice Gases: One of the main features of statistical systems out of equilibrium is the\ncurrents they exhibit in their stationary state: microscopic currents of\nprobability between configurations, which translate into macroscopic currents\nof mass, charge, etc. Understanding the general behaviour of these currents is\nan important step towards building a universal framework for non-equilibrium\nsteady states akin to the Gibbs-Boltzmann distribution for equilibrium systems.\nIn this review, we consider one-dimensional bulk-driven particle gases, and in\nparticular the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) with open boundaries,\nwhich is one of the most popular models of one-dimensional transport. We focus,\nin particular, on the current of particles flowing through the system in its\nsteady state, and on its fluctuations. We show how one can obtain the complete\nstatistics of that current, through its large deviation function, by combining\nresults from various methods: exact calculation of the cumulants of the\ncurrent, using the integrability of the model ; direct diagonalisation of a\nbiased process in the limits of very high or low current ; hydrodynamic\ndescription of the model in the continuous limit using the macroscopic\nfluctuation theory (MFT). We give a pedagogical account of these techniques,\nstarting with a quick introduction to the necessary mathematical tools, as well\nas a short overview of the existing works relating to the ASEP. We conclude by\ndrawing the complete dynamical phase diagram of the current. We also remark on\na few possible generalisations of these results.",
        "positive": "A generalized Mittag-Leffer function to describe nonexponential chemical\n  effects: In this paper a differential equation with noninteger order was used to model\nan anomalous luminescence decay process. Although this process is in principle\nan exponential decaying process, recent data indicates that is not the case for\nlonger observation time. The theoretical fractional differential calculus\napplied in the present work was able to describe this process at short and long\ntime, explaining, in a single equation, both exponential and non-exponential\ndecay process. The exact solution found by fractional model is given by an\ninfinite serie, the Mittag-Leffer function, with two adjusting parameters. To\nfurther illustrate this nonexponential behaviour and the fractional calculus\nframework, an stochastic analysis is also proposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-range disassortative correlations in generic random trees: We explicitly calculate the distance dependent correlation functions in a\nmaximal entropy ensemble of random trees. We show that correlations remain\ndisassortative at all distances and vanish only as a second inverse power of\nthe distance. We discuss in detail the example of scale-free trees where the\ndiverging second moment of the degree distribution leads to some interesting\nphenomena.",
        "positive": "Crowding effects in non-equilibrium transport through nano-channels: Transport through nano-channels plays an important role in many biological\nprocesses and industrial applications. Gaining insights into the functioning of\nbiological transport processes and the design of man-made nano-devices requires\nan understanding of the basic physics of such transport. A simple exclusion\nprocess has proven to be very useful in ex- plaining the properties of several\nartificial and biological nano-channels. It is particularly useful for modeling\nthe influence of inter-particle interactions on transport characteristics. In\nthis paper, we explore several models of the exclusion process using a mean\nfield approach and computer simulations. We examine the effects of crowding\ninside the channel and its immediate vicinity on the mean flux and the\ntransport times of single molecules. Finally, we discuss the robustness of the\ntheory's predictions with respect to the crucial characteristics of the\nhindered diffusion in nano-channels that need to be included in the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ordering of the pyrochlore Ising model with the long-range RKKY\n  interaction: The ordering of the Ising model on a pyrochlore lattice interacting via the\nlong-range RKKY interaction, which models a metallic pyrochlore magnet such as\nPr_2Ir_2O_7, is studied by Monte Carlo simulations. Depending on the parameter\nk_F representing the Fermi wavevector, the model exhibits rich ordering\nbehaviors.",
        "positive": "Similar impact of topological and dynamic noise on complex patterns: Shortcuts in a regular architecture affect the information transport through\nthe system due to the severe decrease in average path length. A fundamental new\nperspective in terms of pattern formation is the destabilizing effect of\ntopological perturbations by processing distant uncorrelated information,\nsimilarly to stochastic noise. We study the functional coincidence of rewiring\nand noisy communication on patterns of binary cellular automata."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superfluid properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical\n  lattice confined in a cavity: We study the effect of a one dimensional optical lattice in a cavity field\nwith quantum properties on the superfluid dynamics of a Bose-Einstein\ncondensate(BEC). In the cavity the influence of atomic backaction and the\nexternal driving pump become important and strongly modify the optical\npotential. Due to the strong coupling between the condensate wavefunction and\nthe cavity modes, the cavity light field develops a band structure. This study\nreveals that the pump and the cavity emerges as a new handle to control the\nsuperfluid properties of the BEC.",
        "positive": "The origin of bursts and heavy tails in human dynamics: The dynamics of many social, technological and economic phenomena are driven\nby individual human actions, turning the quantitative understanding of human\nbehavior into a central question of modern science. Current models of human\ndynamics, used from risk assessment to communications, assume that human\nactions are randomly distributed in time and thus well approximated by Poisson\nprocesses. In contrast, there is increasing evidence that the timing of many\nhuman activities, ranging from communication to entertainment and work\npatterns, follow non-Poisson statistics, characterized by bursts of rapidly\noccurring events separated by long periods of inactivity. Here we show that the\nbursty nature of human behavior is a consequence of a decision based queuing\nprocess: when individuals execute tasks based on some perceived priority, the\ntiming of the tasks will be heavy tailed, most tasks being rapidly executed,\nwhile a few experience very long waiting times. In contrast, priority blind\nexecution is well approximated by uniform interevent statistics. These findings\nhave important implications from resource management to service allocation in\nboth communications and retail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of Long-Range Force Fields in Random Environments: Beyond\n  Holtsmark: Since the times of Holtsmark (1911), statistics of fields in random\nenvironments have been widely studied, for example in astrophysics, active\nmatter, and line-shape broadening. The power-law decay of the two-body\ninteraction, of the form $1/|r|^\\delta$, and assuming spatial uniformity of the\nmedium particles exerting the forces, imply that the fields are fat-tailed\ndistributed, and in general are described by stable L\\'evy distributions. With\nthis widely used framework, the variance of the field diverges, which is\nnon-physical, due to finite size cutoffs. We find a complementary statistical\nlaw to the L\\'evy-Holtsmark distribution describing the large fields in the\nproblem, which is related to the finite size of the tracer particle. We\ndiscover bi-scaling, with a sharp statistical transition of the force moments\ntaking place when the order of the moment is $d/\\delta$, where $d$ is the\ndimension. The high-order moments, including the variance, are described by the\nframework presented in this paper, which is expected to hold for many systems.\nThe new scaling solution found here is non-normalized similar to infinite\ninvariant densities found in dynamical systems.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Geometry, Phase Transitions, and the Widom Line: We construct a novel approach, based on thermodynamic geometry, to\ncharacterize first-order phase transitions from a microscopic perspective,\nthrough the scalar curvature in the equilibrium thermodynamic state space. Our\nmethod resolves key theoretical issues in macroscopic thermodynamic constructs,\nand furthermore characterizes the Widom line through the maxima of the\ncorrelation length, which is captured by the thermodynamic scalar curvature. As\nan illustration of our method, we use it in conjunction with the mean field Van\nder Waals equation of state to predict the coexistence curve and the Widom\nline. Where closely applicable, it provides excellent agreement with\nexperimental data. The universality of our method is indicated by direct\ncalculations from the NIST database."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A steady state network model with a 1/k scale-free degree distribution: Using a steady state process of node duplication and deletion we produce\nnetworks with 1/k scale-free degree distributions in the limit of vanishing\nconnectance. This occurs even though there is no growth involved and inherent\npreferential attachment is counterbalanced by preferential detachment. The mean\nfield evolution is considered and the 1/k law is verified under certain\napproximations. An ansatz for the degree distribution is proposed on the basis\nof symmetry considerations and is shown to coincide well with the simulation\ndata. Distributional forms other than power law are also shown to arise when\nthe condition of perfect duplication is relaxed.",
        "positive": "Comparing different protocols of temperature selection in the parallel\n  tempering method: Parallel tempering Monte Carlo simulations have been applied to a variety of\nsystems presenting rugged free-energy landscapes. Despite this, its efficiency\ndepends strongly on the temperature set. With this query in mind, we present a\ncomparative study among different temperature selection schemes in three\nlattice-gas models. We focus our attention in the constant entropy method\n(CEM), proposed by Sabo {\\it et al}. In the CEM, the temperature is chosen by\nthe fixed difference of entropy between adjacent replicas. We consider a method\nto determine the entropy which avoids numerical integrations of the specific\nheat and other thermodynamic quantities. Different analyses for first- and\nsecond-order phase transitions have been undertaken, revealing that the CEM may\nbe an useful criterion for selecting the temperatures in the parallel tempering"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comments concerning the Ising model and two letters by N.H. March: Two recent articles by Norman H. March that contain misleading statements\nconcerning 3D Ising models, partly based on earlier erroneous work of Z.D.\nZhang, are addressed.",
        "positive": "Datasets as Interacting Particle Systems: a Framework for Clustering: In this paper we propose a framework inspired by interacting particle physics\nand devised to perform clustering on multidimensional datasets. To this end,\nany given dataset is modeled as an interacting particle system, under the\nassumption that each element of the dataset corresponds to a different particle\nand that particle interactions are rendered through gaussian potentials.\nMoreover, the way particle interactions are evaluated depends on a parameter\nthat controls the shape of the underlying gaussian model. In principle,\ndifferent clusters of proximal particles can be identified, according to the\nvalue adopted for the parameter. This degree of freedom in gaussian potentials\nhas been introduced with the goal of allowing multiresolution analysis. In\nparticular, upon the adoption of a standard community detection algorithm,\nmultiresolution analysis is put into practice by repeatedly running the\nalgorithm on a set of adjacency matrices, each dependent on a specific value of\nthe parameter that controls the shape of gaussian potentials. As a result,\ndifferent partitioning schemas are obtained on the given dataset, so that the\ninformation thereof can be better highlighted, with the goal of identifying the\nmost appropriate number of clusters. Solutions achieved in synthetic datasets\nallowed to identify a repetitive pattern, which appear to be useful in the task\nof identifying optimal solutions while analysing other synthetic and real\ndatasets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Validity of the Law of Mass Action in Three-Dimensional\n  Coagulation Processes: Diffusion limited reactions are studied in detail on the classical coalescing\nprocess. We demonstrate how, with the aid of a recent renormalization group\napproach, fluctuations can be integrated systematically. We thereby obtain an\nexact relation between the microscopic physics (lattice structure, particle\nshape and size) and the macroscopic decay rate in the law of mass action.\nMoreover, we find a strong violation of the law of mass action. The\ncorresponding term in the kinetic equations originates in long wavelength\nfluctuations and is a universal function of the macroscopic decay rate.",
        "positive": "Transport and spectral properties of the XX$+$XXZ diode and stability to\n  dephasing: We study the transport and spectral property of a segmented diode formed by\nan XX $+$ XXZ spin chain. This system has been shown to become an ideal\nrectifier for spin current for large enough anisotropy. Here we show numerical\nevidence that the system in reverse bias has three different transport regimes\ndepending on the value of the anisotropy: ballistic, diffusive and insulating.\nIn forward bias we encounter two regimes, ballistic and diffusive. The system\nin forward and reverse bias shows significantly different spectral properties,\nwith distribution of rapidities converging towards different functions. In the\npresence of dephasing the system becomes diffusive, rectification is\nsignificantly reduced, the relaxation gap increases and the spectral properties\nin forward and reverse bias tend to converge. For large dephasing the\nrelaxation gap decreases again as a result of Quantum Zeno physics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probing the hue of the stochastic magnetization dynamics: The Fokker--Planck equation describes the evolution of a probability\ndistribution towards equilibrium--the flow parameter is the equilibration time.\nAssuming the distribution remains normalizable for all times, it is equivalent\nto an open hierarchy of equations for the moments. Ways of closing this\nhierarchy have been proposed; ways of explicitly solving the hierarchy\nequations have received much less attention. In this paper we show that much\ninsight can be gained by mapping the Fokker--Planck equation to a Schr\\\"odinger\nequation, where Planck's constant is identified with the diffusion coefficient.",
        "positive": "Clusters determine local fluctuations of random walks on graphs: The evolution of many stochastic systems is accurately described by random\nwalks on graphs. We here explore the close connection between local\nsteady-state fluctuations of random walks and the global structure of the\nunderlying graph. Fluctuations are quantified by the number of traversals of\nthe random walk across edges during a fixed time window, more precisely, by the\ncorresponding counting statistics. The variance-to-mean ratio of the counting\nstatistics is typically lowered if two end vertices of an edge belong to\ndifferent clusters as defined by spectral clustering. In particular, we relate\nthe fluctuations to the algebraic connectivity and the Fiedler vector of the\ngraph. Building on these results we suggest a centrality score based on\nfluctuations of random walks. Our findings imply that local fluctuations of\ncontinuous-time Markov processes on discrete state space depend strongly on the\nglobal topology of the underlying graph in addition to the specific transition\nrates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Current fluctuations for totally asymmetric exclusion on the relaxation\n  scale: The fluctuations of the current for the one-dimensional totally asymmetric\nexclusion process with $L$ sites are studied in the relaxation regime of times\n$T\\sim L^{3/2}$. Using Bethe ansatz for the periodic system with an evolution\nconditioned on special initial and final states, the Fourier transform of the\nprobability distribution of the fluctuations is calculated exactly in the\nthermodynamic limit $L\\to\\infty$ with finite density of particles. It is found\nto be equal to a sum over discrete realizations of a scalar field in a linear\npotential with coupling constant equal to the rescaled time $T/L^{3/2}$.",
        "positive": "Using New Approaches to obtain Gibbs Measures of Vannimenus model on a\n  Cayley tree: In this paper, we consider Vannimenus model with competing nearest-neighbors\nand prolonged next-nearest-neighbors interactions on a Cayley tree. For this\nmodel we define Markov random fields with memory of length 2. By using a new\napproach, we obtain new sets of Gibbs measures of Ising-Vannimenus model on\nCayley tree of order 2. We construct the recurrence equations corresponding\nIsing-Vannimenus model. We prove the Kolmogorov consistency condition. We\ninvestigate the translation-invariant and periodic non transition-invariant\nGibbs measures for the model. We find new sets of Gibbs measures different from\nthe Gibbs measures given in the references \\cite{NHSS,FreeMA}. We show that\nsome of the measures are extreme Gibbs distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to Comment on: \"Fluctuation Theorem for Many-Body Pure Quantum\n  States\": We reply to Comment by J. Gemmer, L. Knipschild, R. Steinigeweg\n(arXiv:1712.02128) on our paper Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 100601 (2017).",
        "positive": "Helium at elevated pressures: Quantum liquid with non-static shear\n  rigidity: The properties of liquid helium have always been a fascinating subject to\nscientists. The phonon theory of liquids taking into account liquid non-static\nshear rigidity is employed here for studying internal energy and heat capacity\nof compressed liquid 4-He. We demonstrate good agreement of calculated and\nexperimental heat capacity of liquid helium at elevated pressures and\nsupercritical temperatures. Unexpectedly helium remains a quantum liquid at\nelevated pressures for a wide range of temperature supporting both longitudinal\nand transverse-like phonon excitations. We have found that in the very wide\npressure range 5 MPa-500 MPa liquid helium near melting temperature is both\nsolid-like and quantum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bounds on Thermal Efficiency from Inference: The problem of inference is applied to the process of work extraction from\ntwo constant heat capacity reservoirs, when the thermodynamic coordinates of\nthe process are not fully specified. The information that is lacking, includes\nboth the specific value of a temperature as well as the label of the reservoir\nto which it is assigned. The estimates for thermal efficiency reveal that\nuncertainty regarding the exact labels, reduces the maximal efficiency below\nthe Carnot value, its minimum value being the well known Curzon-Ahlborn value.\nWe also make an average estimate of the efficiency {\\it before} the value of\nthe temperature is revealed. It is found that if the labels are known with\ncertainty, then in the near-equilibrium limit the efficiency scales as 1/2 of\nCarnot value, while if there is maximal uncertainty in the labels, then the\naverage estimate for efficiency drops to 1/3 of Carnot value. We also suggest\nhow infered properties of the incomplete model can be mapped to a model with\ncomplete information but with an additional source of thermodynamic\nirreversibility.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics of glass transition in lattice molecule models: Lattice molecule models are proposed in order to study statistical mechanics\nof glass transition in finite dimensions. Molecules in the models are\nrepresented by hard Wang tiles and their density is controlled by a chemical\npotential. An infinite series of irregular ground states are constructed\ntheoretically. By defining a glass order parameter as a collection of the\noverlap with each ground state, a thermodynamic transition to a glass phase is\nfound in a stratified Wang tiles model on a cubic lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equivalence between fractional exclusion statistics and self-consistent\n  mean-field theory in interacting particle systems in any number of dimensions: We describe a mean field interacting particle system in any number of\ndimensions and in a generic external potential as an ideal gas with fractional\nexclusion statistics (FES). We define the FES quasiparticle energies, we\ncalculate the FES parameters of the system and we deduce the equations for the\nequilibrium particle populations. The FES gas is \"ideal\", in the sense that the\nquasiparticle energies do not depend on the other quasiparticle levels\npopulations and the sum of the quasiparticle energies is equal to the total\nenergy of the system. We prove that the FES formalism is equivalent to the\nsemi-classical or Thomas Fermi limit of the self-consistent mean-field theory\nand the FES quasiparticle populations may be calculated from the Landau\nquasiparticle populations by making the correspondence between the FES and the\nLandau quasiparticle energies. The FES provides a natural semi-classical ideal\ngas description of the interacting particle gas.",
        "positive": "Avalanche shapes in fiber bundle model: We study the temporal evolution of avalanches in the fiber bundle model of\ndisordered solids, when the model is gradually driven towards the critical\nbreakdown point. We use two types of loading protocols: (i) the quasi-static\nloading, and (ii) loading by a discrete amount. In the quasi-static loading,\nwhere the load is increased by the minimum amount needed to initiate an\navalanche, the temporal shapes of avalanches are asymmetric away from the\ncritical point and become symmetric as the critical point is approached. A\nmeasure of asymmetry follows a universal form $A\\sim\n(\\sigma-\\sigma_c)^{\\theta}$, with $\\theta\\approx 0.25$, where $\\sigma$ is the\nload per fiber and $\\sigma_c$ is the critical load per fiber. This behavior is\nindependent of the disorder present in the system in terms of the individual\nfailure threshold values. Thus it is possible to use this asymmetry measure as\na precursor to imminent failure. For the case of discrete loading, the load is\nalways increased by a fixed amount. The dynamics of the model in this case can\nbe solved in the mean field limit. It shows that the avalanche shapes always\nremain asymmetric. We also present a variable range load sharing version of\nthis case, where the results remain qualitatively similar."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Forest-Fire Model with Resistant Trees: The role of forest heterogeneity in the long-term, large-scale dynamics of\nforest fires is investigated by means of a cellular automata model and mean\nfield approximation. Heterogeneity was conceived as trees (or acres of forest)\nwith distinct strengths of resistance to burn. The scaling analysis of\nfire-size and fire-lifetime frequency distributions in the non-interacting fire\nsteady-state limit indicates the breakdown of the power-law behavior whenever\nthe resistance strength parameter R exceeds a certain value. For higher\nresistant strength, exponential behavior characterizes the frequency\ndistributions, while power-law like behavior was observed for the lower\nresistant case in the same manner as reported in the literature for a\nhomogeneous counterpart model. For the intermediate resistance strength,\nhowever, it may be described either by a stretched exponential or by a\npower-law plot whenever the fraction of recovering empty cells by susceptible\ntrees not-exceeds or exceeds a certain threshold respectively, also suggesting\na dynamical percolation transition with respect to the stationary forest\ndensity.",
        "positive": "Various approximations for nucleation kinetics under smooth external\n  conditions: Several simple approximations for the evolution during the nucleation period\nhave been presented. All of them have been compared with precise numerical\nsolution and the errors have been estimated. All relative errors are enough\nsmall."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise Model of Relaxation Oscillators Due to Feedback Regeneration Based\n  on Physical Phase Change: A new approach to investigate noise spikes due to regeneration in a\nrelaxation oscillator is proposed. Noise spikes have not been satisfactorily\naccounted for in traditional phase noise models. This paper attempts to explain\nnoise spikes/jump phenomenon by viewing it as phase change in the thermodynamic\nsystem(for example, from gas to liquid or magnetization of ferromagnet). Both\nare due to regeneration (positive feedback in oscillator as well as alignment\nof spin due to positive feedback in ferromagnet). The mathematical tool used is\nthe partition function in thermodynamics, and the results mapped between\nthermodynamic system and relaxation oscillator. Theory is developed and formula\nderived to predict the magnitude of the jump, as a function of design parameter\nsuch as regeneration parameter or loop gain. Formulas show that noise increases\nsharply as regeneration parameter/loop gain approaches one, in much the same\nway when temperature approaches critical temperature in phase change.\nSimulations on circuits (Eldo) using CMOS as well as Monte Carlo simulations\n(Metropolis) on ferromagnet (Ising model) were performed and both show jump\nbehaviour consistent with formula. Measurements on relaxation oscillators\nfabricated in 0.13um CMOS technology verify such behaviour, where the sharp\nincrease in noise when regeneration parameter/loop gain is close to one,\nmatches closely with the theoretical formula. Using the formula the designer\ncan quantify the variation of noise spikes dependency on design parameters such\nas gm (device transconductance), R, I0, via their influence on regeneration\nparameter/loop gain.",
        "positive": "Diffusion in Granular Gases of Viscoelastic Particles: In most of the literature on granular gases it is assumed that the\nrestitution coefficient \\epsilon, which quantifies the loss of kinetic energy\nupon a collision is independent on the impact velocity. Experiments as well as\ntheoretical investigations show, however, that for real materials the\nrestitution coefficient depends significantly on the impact velocity. We\nconsider the diffusion process in a homogeneous granular gas, i.e. in a system\nof dissipatively colliding particles. We show that the mean square displacement\nof the particles changes drastically if we take the impact velocity dependence\nof \\epsilon into account. Under the oversimplifying assumption of a constant\ncoefficient one finds that the particles spread in space logarithmically slow\nwith time, whereas realistic particles spread due to a power law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian theory of 2D turbulence and generalized thermodynamics: We propose a new parametrization of 2D turbulence based on generalized\nthermodynamics and Brownian theory. Explicit relaxation equations are obtained\nthat should be easily implementable in numerical simulations for three typical\ntypes of turbulent flows. Our parametrization is related to previous ones but\nit removes their defects and offers attractive new perspectives.",
        "positive": "Quantum fluctuation-dissipation theorem: a time domain formulation: A time-domain formulation of the equilibrium quantum fluctuation-dissipation\ntheorem (FDT) in the whole range of temperatures is presented. In the classical\nlimit, the FDT establishes a proportionality relation between the dissipative\npart of the linear response function and the derivative of the corresponding\nequilibrium correlation function. At zero temperature, the FDT takes the form\nof Hilbert transform relations between the dissipative part of the response\nfunction and the corresponding symmetrized equilibrium correlation function,\nwhich allows to establish a connection with analytic signal theory. The\ntime-domain formulation of the FDT is especially valuable when\nout-of-equilibrium dynamics is concerned, as it is for instance the case in the\ndiscussion of aging phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transfer matrix algorithm for computing the exact partition function of\n  a square lattice polymer: I develop a transfer matrix algorithm for computing the exact partition\nfunction of a square lattice polymer with nearest-neighbor interaction, by\nextending a previous algorithm for computing the total number of self-avoiding\nwalks. The computation time scales as ~1.6^N with the chain length N, in\ncontrast to the explicit enumeration where the scaling is ~ 2.7^N. The exact\npartition function can be obtained faster with the transfer matrix method than\nwith the explicit enumeration, for N>25. The new results for up to N=42 are\npresented.",
        "positive": "Finite size effect of harmonic measure estimation in a DLA model:\n  Variable size of probe particles: A finite size effect in the probing of the harmonic measure in simulation of\ndiffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) growth is investigated. We introduce a\nvariable size of probe particles, to estimate harmonic measure and extract the\nfractal dimension of DLA clusters taking two limits, of vanishingly small probe\nparticle size and of infinitely large size of a DLA cluster. We generate 1000\nDLA clusters consisting of 50 million particles each, using an off-lattice\nkilling-free algorithm developed in the early work. The introduced method leads\nto unprecedented accuracy in the estimation of the fractal dimension. We\ndiscuss the variation of the probability distribution function with the size of\nprobing particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wang-Landau algorithm for continuous models and joint density of states: We present modified Wang-Landau algorithm for models with continuous degrees\nof freedom. We demonstrate this algorithm with the calculation of the joint\ndensity of states $g(M,E)$ of ferromagnet Heisenberg models. The joint density\nof states contains more information than the density of states of a single\nvariable--energy, but is also much more time-consuming to calculate. We discuss\nthe strategies to perform this calculation efficiently for models with several\nthousand degrees of freedom, much larger than other continuous models studied\npreviously with the Wang-Landau algorithm.",
        "positive": "Edge Critical Behaviour of the 2-Dimensional Tri-critical Ising Model: Using previous results from boundary conformal field theory and\nintegrability, a phase diagram is derived for the 2 dimensional Ising model at\nits bulk tri-critical point as a function of boundary magnetic field and\nboundary spin-coupling constant. A boundary tri-critical point separates phases\nwhere the spins on the boundary are ordered or disordered. In the latter range\nof coupling constant, there is a non-zero critical field where the\nmagnetization is singular. In the former range, as the temperature is lowered,\nthe boundary undergoes a first order transition while the bulk simultaneously\nundergoes a second order transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Estimate of the Critical Exponents from the Field-Theoretical\n  Renormalization Group: Mathematical Sense of the \"Standard Values\": New estimates of the critical exponents have been obtained from the\nfield-theoretical renormalization group using a new method for summing\ndivergent series. The results almost coincide with the central values obtained\nby Le Guillou and Zinn-Justin (the so-called \"standard values\"), but have lower\nuncertainty. It has been shown that usual field-theoretical estimates\nimplicitly imply the smoothness of the coefficient functions. The last\nassumption is open for discussion in view of the existence of the oscillating\ncontribution to the coefficient functions. The appropriate interpretation of\nthe last contribution is necessary both for the estimation of the systematic\nerrors in the \"standard values\" and for a further increase in accuracy.",
        "positive": "A Monte Carlo method for critical systems in infinite volume: the planar\n  Ising model: In this paper we propose a Monte Carlo method for generating finite-domain\nmarginals of critical distributions of statistical models in infinite volume.\nThe algorithm corrects the problem of the long-range effects of boundaries\nassociated to generating critical distributions on finite lattices. It uses the\nadvantage of scale invariance combined with ideas of the renormalization group\nin order to construct a type of \"holographic\" boundary condition that encodes\nthe presence of an infinite volume beyond it. We check the quality of the\ndistribution obtained in the case of the planar Ising model by comparing\nvarious observables with their infinite-plane prediction. We accurately\nreproduce planar two-, three- and four-point functions of spin and energy\noperators. We also define a lattice stress-energy tensor, and numerically\nobtain the associated conformal Ward identities and the Ising central charge."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of the 2D Ising model modulated by the Octonacci\n  sequence: We investigated the Ising model on a square lattice with ferro and\nantiferromagnetic interactions modulated by the quasiperiodic Octonacci\nsequence in both directions of the lattice. We have applied the Replica\nExchange Monte Carlo (Parallel Tempering) technique to calculate the\nthermodynamic quantities of the system. We obtained the order parameter, the\nassociated magnetic susceptibility ($\\chi$) and the specific heat $(c)$ in\norder to characterize the universality class of the phase transition. Also, we\nuse the finite size scaling method to obtain the critical temperature of the\nsystem and the critical exponents $\\beta$, $\\gamma$ and $\\nu$. In the low\ntemperature limit we have obtained a continuous transition with critical\ntemperature around $T_{c} \\approx 1.413$. The system obeys the Ising\nuniversality class with logarithmic corrections. We found estimatives for the\ncorrection exponents $\\hat{\\beta}$, $\\hat{\\gamma}$ and $\\hat{\\lambda}$ by using\nthe finite size scaling technique.",
        "positive": "Single molecule experiments in biophysics: exploring the thermal\n  behavior of nonequilibrium small systems: Biomolecules carry out very specialized tasks inside the cell where energies\ninvolved are few tens of k_BT, small enough for thermal fluctuations to be\nrelevant in many biomolecular processes. In this paper I discuss a few concepts\nand present some experimental results that show how the study of fluctuation\ntheorems applied to biomolecules contributes to our understanding of the\nnonequilibrium thermal behavior of small systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transmission and Scattering of a Lorentz Gas on a Slab: We perform numerical scattering experiments on a Lorentz array of disks\ncentered on a triangular lattice with L columns and study its transmission and\nreflection properties. In the finite horizon case, the motion of the particles\nmay be modeled as simple one dimensional random walks with absorbing walls for\nwhich the scaling of the transmission and reflection coefficients are known,\nand agree with those found numerically. In the infinite horizon case the\nanalogy with a simple diffusive process is no longer valid. In this case we\ncompare our results with those expected for a one dimensional Levy walk, again\nwith absorbing walls, for which logarithmic corrections to the scaling\nrelations appear. The scaling with L and the symmetry properties of the forward\nand the backward are also studied, and some of their salient features are\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Avalanche Behavior in an Absorbing State Oslo Model: Self-organized criticality can be translated into the language of absorbing\nstate phase transitions. Most models for which this analogy is established have\nbeen investigated for their absorbing state characteristics. In this article,\nwe transform the self-organized critical Oslo model into an absorbing state\nOslo model and analyze the avalanche behavior. We find that the resulting gap\nexponent, D, is consistent with its value in the self-organized critical model.\nFor the avalanche size exponent, \\tau, an analysis of the effect of the\nexternal drive and the boundary conditions is required."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Spatial Structural Derivative Model for Ultraslow Diffusion: This study investigates the ultraslow diffusion by a spatial structural\nderivative, in which the exponential function exp(x)is selected as the\nstructural function to construct the local structural derivative diffusion\nequation model. The analytical solution of the diffusion equation is a form of\nBiexponential distribution. Its corresponding mean squared displacement is\nnumerically calculated, and increases more slowly than the logarithmic function\nof time. The local structural derivative diffusion equation with the structural\nfunction exp(x)in space is an alternative physical and mathematical modeling\nmodel to characterize a kind of ultraslow diffusion.",
        "positive": "Unified thermodynamic uncertainty relations in linear response: Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) are recently established relations\nbetween the relative uncertainty of time-integrated currents and entropy\nproduction in nonequilibrium systems. For small perturbations away from\nequilibrium, linear response (LR) theory provides the natural framework to\nstudy generic nonequilibrium processes. Here we use LR to derive TURs in a\nstraightforward and unified way. Our approach allows us to generalize TURs to\nsystems without local time reversal symmetry, including, for example, ballistic\ntransport, and periodically driven classical and quantum systems. We find that\nfor broken time reversal, the bounds on the relative uncertainty are controlled\nboth by dissipation and by a parameter encoding the asymmetry of the Onsager\nmatrix. We illustrate our results with an example from mesoscopic physics. We\nalso extend our approach beyond linear response: for Markovian dynamics it\nreveals a connection between the TUR and current fluctuation theorems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strong disorder fixed point in absorbing state phase transitions: The effect of quenched disorder on non-equilibrium phase transitions in the\ndirected percolation universality class is studied by a strong disorder\nrenormalization group approach and by density matrix renormalization group\ncalculations. We show that for sufficiently strong disorder the critical\nbehaviour is controlled by a strong disorder fixed point and in one dimension\nthe critical exponents are conjectured to be exact: \\beta=(3-\\sqrt{5})/2 and\n\\nu_\\perp=2. For disorder strengths outside the attractive region of this fixed\npoint, disorder dependent critical exponents are detected. Existing numerical\nresults in two dimensions can be interpreted within a similar scenario.",
        "positive": "Genetic algorithm dynamics on a rugged landscape: The genetic algorithm is an optimization procedure motivated by biological\nevolution and is successfully applied to optimization problems in different\nareas. A statistical mechanics model for its dynamics is proposed based on the\nparent-child fitness correlation of the genetic operators, making it applicable\nto general fitness landscapes. It is compared to a recent model based on a\nmaximum entropy ansatz. Finally it is applied to modeling the dynamics of a\ngenetic algorithm on the rugged fitness landscape of the NK model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium mixture dynamics: A model for mobilities and its\n  consequences: Extending the famous Model B for the time evolution of a liquid mixture, we\nderive an approximate expression for the mobility matrix that couples the\ndifferent mixture components. This approach is based on a single component\nfluid with particles that are artificially grouped into separate species\nlabelled by ``colors''. The resulting mobility matrix depends on a single\ndimensionless parameter, which can be determined efficiently from experimental\ndata or numerical simulations, and includes existing standard forms as special\ncases. We identify two distinct mobility regimes, corresponding to collective\nmotion and interdiffusion, respectively, and show how they emerge from the\nmicroscopic properties of the fluid. As a test scenario, we study the dynamics\nafter a thermal quench, providing a number of general relations and analytical\ninsights from a Gaussian theory. Specifically, for systems with two or three\ncomponents, analytical results for the time evolution of the equal time\ncorrelation function compare well to results of Monte Carlo simulations of a\nlattice gas. A rich behavior is observed, including the possibility of\ntransient fractionation.",
        "positive": "Carbon dioxide in silicate melts: A molecular dynamics simulation study: The distribution, recycling and storage of carbon in the Earth are of\nfundamental importance to understand the global carbon cycle between the deep\nEarth and near surface reservoirs. Degassing of CO2 at mid-ocean ridges may\ngive information on the source region but the very low solubility of CO2 in\ntholeitic basalts has for consequence that near all Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts\nglasses exsolve their CO2 rich vapor at shallow depth as they approach the\nocean floor. Hence their CO2 contents mostly represent the pressure at eruption\nand not the source region. Recent petrological investigations have shown that\nthe presence of carbonates at depth in the upper mantle has a large effect on\nthe solidus of carbonated silicates by inducing incipient melting at much lower\ntemperature. So the role of carbon-rich melts at great depth is now becoming a\ncredible scenario to explain the extraction of CO2 from the source region to\nthe surface. During the last three decades many studies have been devoted to\nmeasure the solubility of CO2 in silicate melts of various composition. But due\nto experimental difficulties these studies were generally restricted to low and\nmoderate pressures (below ~20 kbar). By performing a series of molecular\ndynamics simulation where a supercritical CO2 phase is in contact with a\nsilicate melt of various composition (from felsic to ultrabasic) at different\ntemperatures (1473-2273K) and pressures (20-150kbar), we have been able to\nevaluate the solubility of CO2, the population of molecular and carbonate\nspecies, their diffusivity through the melt and the local structure. We show\nthat this kind of molecular simulation is a useful theoretical guide to better\nunderstand the behavior of CO2 in magmas at depth."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement production in non-ideal cavities and optimal opacity: We compute analytically the distributions of concurrence $\\bm{\\mathcal{C}}$\nand squared norm $\\bm{\\mathcal{N}}$ for the production of electronic\nentanglement in a chaotic quantum dot. The dot is connected to the external\nworld via one ideal and one partially transparent lead, characterized by the\nopacity $\\gamma$. The average concurrence increases with $\\gamma$ while the\naverage squared norm of the entangled state decreases, making it less likely to\nbe detected. When a minimal detectable norm $\\bm{\\mathcal{N}}_0$ is required,\nthe average concurrence is maximal for an optimal value of the opacity\n$\\gamma^\\star(\\bm{\\mathcal{N}}_0)$ which is explicitly computed as a function\nof $\\bm{\\mathcal{N}}_0$. If $\\bm{\\mathcal{N}}_0$ is larger than the critical\nvalue $\\bm{\\mathcal{N}}_0^\\star\\simeq 0.3693\\dots$, the average entanglement\nproduction is maximal for the completely ideal case, a direct consequence of an\ninteresting bifurcation effect.",
        "positive": "Transition to Synchrony in a Three-Dimensional Swarming Model with\n  Helical Trajectories: We investigate the transition from incoherence to global collective motion in\na three-dimensional swarming model of agents with helical trajectories, subject\nto noise and global coupling. Without noise this model was recently proposed as\na generalization of the Kuramoto model and it was found that alignment of the\nvelocities occurs discontinuously for arbitrarily small attractive coupling.\nAdding noise to the system resolves this singular limit and leads to a\ncontinuous transition, either to a directed collective motion or to\ncenter-of-mass rotations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Dilemma of Bose Solids: is He Supersolid?: Nearly a decade ago the old controversy about possible superfluid flow in the\nground state of solid He4 was revived by the apparent experimental observation\nof such superflow. Although the experimentalists have recently retracted, very\npublicly, some of the observations on which such a claim was based, other\nconfirming observations of which there is no reason for doubt remain on the\nrecord. Meanwhile theoretical arguments bolstered by some experimental evidence\nstrongly favor the existence of supersolidity in the Bose-Hubbard model, and\nthese arguments would seem to extend to solid He. The true situation thus is\napparently extraordinarily opaque. The situation is complicated by the fact\nthat all accurate simulation studies on Heuse the uniform sign hypothesis which\nconfines them to the phase-coherent state, which is, in principle, supersolid,\nso that no accurate simulations of the true, classical solid exist. There is\ngreat confusion as to the nature of the ground state wave-function for a bose\nquantum solid, and we suggest that until that question is cleared up none of\nthese dilemmas will be resolved.",
        "positive": "Stripe patterns in a granular system induced by slow deformation of its\n  container: We investigate the formation of stripe patterns that appear on the surface of\na dry granular system as the container is deformed very slowly. In an\nexperimental study using nearly mono-disperse glass beads, we found that many\nfaults develop beneath t he surface. Our results show that the spacing of\nstripes is independent of the system size and does not depend significantly on\nthe grain size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "p-star models, mean field random networks and the heat hierarchy: We consider the mean field analog of the p-star model for homogeneous random\nnetworks, and compare its behaviour with that of the p-star model and its\nclassical mean field approximation in the thermodynamic regime. We show that\nthe partition function of the mean field model satisfies a sequence of partial\ndifferential equations known as the heat hierarchy, and the models connectance\nis obtained as a solution of a hierarchy of nonlinear viscous PDEs. In the\nthermodynamic limit, the leading order solution develops singularities in the\nspace of parameters that evolve as classical shocks regularised by a viscous\nterm. Shocks are associated with phase transitions and stable states are\nautomatically selected consistently with the Maxwell construction. The case p =\n3 is studied in detail. Monte Carlo simulations show an excellent agreement\nbetween the p-star model and its mean field analog at the macroscopic level,\nalthough significant discrepancies arise when local features are compared.",
        "positive": "Entanglement at a Two-Dimensional Quantum Critical Point: a Numerical\n  Linked Cluster Expansion Study: We develop a method to calculate the bipartite entanglement entropy of\nquantum models, in the thermodynamic limit, using a Numerical Linked Cluster\nExpansion (NLCE) involving only rectangular clusters. It is based on exact\ndiagonalization of all n x m rectangular clusters at the interface between\nentangled subsystems A and B. We use it to obtain the Renyi entanglement\nentropy of the two-dimensional transverse field Ising model, for arbitrary real\nRenyi index alpha. Extrapolating these results as a function of the order of\nthe calculation, we obtain universal pieces of the entanglement entropy\nassociated with lines and corners at the quantum critical point. They show NLCE\nto be one of the few methods capable of accurately calculating universal\nproperties of arbitrary Renyi entropies at higher dimensional critical points."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Behavior of Bent-Core Molecules: Recently, a new class of smectic liquid crystal phases (SmCP phases)\ncharacterized by the spontaneous formation of macroscopic chiral domains from\nachiral bent-core molecules has been discovered. We have carried out Monte\nCarlo simulations of a minimal hard spherocylinder dimer model to investigate\nthe role of excluded volume interations in determining the phase behavior of\nbent-core materials and to probe the molecular origins of polar and chiral\nsymmetry breaking. We present the phase diagram as a function of pressure or\ndensity and dimer opening angle $\\psi$. With decreasing $\\psi$, a transition\nfrom a nonpolar to a polar smectic phase is observed near $\\psi = 167^{\\circ}$,\nand the nematic phase becomes thermodynamically unstable for $\\psi <\n135^{\\circ}$. No chiral smectic or biaxial nematic phases were found.",
        "positive": "Cost and Precision of Brownian Clocks: Brownian clocks are biomolecular networks that can count time. A paradigmatic\nexample are proteins that go through a cycle thus regulating some oscillatory\nbehaviour in a living system. Typically, such a cycle requires free energy\noften provided by ATP hydrolysis. We investigate the relation between the\nprecision of such a clock and its thermodynamic costs. For clocks driven by a\nconstant thermodynamic force, a given precision requires a minimal cost that\ndiverges as the uncertainty of the clock vanishes. In marked contrast, we show\nthat a clock driven by a periodic variation of an external protocol can achieve\narbitrary precision at arbitrarily low cost. This result constitutes a\nfundamental difference between processes driven by a fixed thermodynamic force\nand those driven periodically. As a main technical tool, we map a periodically\ndriven system with a deterministic protocol to one subject to an external\nprotocol that changes in stochastic time intervals, which simplifies\ncalculations significantly. In the non-equilibrium steady state of the\nresulting bipartite Markov process, the uncertainty of the clock can be deduced\nfrom the calculable dispersion of a corresponding current."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Diagram of Optimal Paths: We show that choosing appropriate distributions of the randomness, the search\nfor optimal paths links diverse problems of disordered media like directed\npercolation, invasion percolation, directed and non-directed spanning polymers.\nWe also introduce a simple and efficient algorithm, which solves the\nd-dimensional model numerically in order N^(1+d_f/d) steps where d_f is the\nfractal dimension of the path. Using extensive simulations in two dimensions we\nidentify the phase boundaries of the directed polymer universality class. A new\nstrong-disorder phase occurs where the optimum paths are self-affine with\nparameter-dependent scaling exponents. Furthermore, the phase diagram contains\ndirected and non-directed percolation as well as the directed random walk\nmodels at specific points and lines.",
        "positive": "Universal dimensional crossover of domain wall dynamics in ferromagnetic\n  films: The magnetic domain wall motion driven by a magnetic field is studied in\n(Ga,Mn)As and (Ga,Mn)(As,P) films of different thicknesses. In the thermally\nactivated creep regime, a kink in the velocity curves and a jump of the\nroughness exponent evidence a dimensional crossover in the domain wall\ndynamics. The measured values of the roughness exponent zeta_{1d} = 0.62 +/-\n0.02 and zeta_{2d} = 0.45 +/- 0.04 are compatible with theoretical predictions\nfor the motion of elastic line (d = 1) and surface (d = 2) in two and three\ndimensional media, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mesoscopic Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Single Macromolecules and\n  Dynamic Entropy-Energy Compensation: We introduce axiomatically a complete thermodynamic formalism for a single\nmacromolecule, either with or without detailed balance, in an isothermal\nambient fluid based on its stochastic dynamics. With detailed balance, the\nnovel theory yields mesoscopic, nonequilibrium generalizations for entropy and\nfree energy of the macromolecule. Mesoscopic energy and entropy fluctuate.\nExpectation of entropy production equals zero if and only if the macromolecule\nis at thermal equilibrium, in which we show entropy still fluctuates but free\nenergy is a constant. The entropy fluctuation a la L.D. Landau, precisely\nmatches the fluctuation in the internal energy, which in turn equals the\nfluctuation in heat dissipation. As a generalization of Clausius' classic\nresult, the dynamic fluctuations in the entropy and energy of the macromolecule\nare exactly compensated at thermal equilibrium. For systems with detailed\nbalance, Helmholtz free energy is shown to be the potential of Onsager's\nthermodynamic force.",
        "positive": "Langevin agglomeration of nanoparticles interacting via a central\n  potential: Nanoparticle agglomeration in a quiescent fluid is simulated by solving the\nLangevin equations of motion of a set of interacting monomers in the continuum\nregime. Monomers interact via a radial, rapidly decaying intermonomer\npotential. The morphology of generated clusters is analyzed through their\nfractal dimension $d_f$ and the cluster coordination number. The time evolution\nof the cluster fractal dimension is linked to the dynamics of two populations,\nsmall ($k \\le 15$) and large ($k>15$) clusters. At early times monomer-cluster\nagglomeration is the dominant agglomeration mechanism ($d_f = 2.25$), whereas\nat late times cluster-cluster agglomeration dominates ($d_f = 1.56$). Clusters\nare found to be compact (mean coordination number $\\sim 5$), tubular, and\nelongated. The local, compact structure of the aggregates is attributed to the\nisotropy of the interaction potential, which allows rearrangement of bonded\nmonomers, whereas the large-scale tubular structure is attributed to its\nrelatively short attractive range. The cluster translational diffusion\ncoefficient is determined to be inversely proportional to the cluster mass and\nthe (per-unit-mass) friction coefficient of an isolated monomer, a consequence\nof the neglect of monomer shielding in a cluster. Clusters generated by\nunshielded Langevin equations are referred to as \\textit{ideal clusters}\nbecause the surface area accessible to the underlying fluid is found to be the\nsum of the accessible surface areas of the isolated monomers. Similarly, ideal\nclusters do not have, on average, a preferential orientation. The decrease of\nthe numbers of clusters with time and a few collision kernel elements are\nevaluated and compared to analytical expressions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Electroviscous effects of simple electrolytes under shear: On the basis of a hydrodynamical model analogous to that in critical fluids,\nwe investigate the influences of shear flow upon the electrostatic contribution\nto the viscosity of binary electrolyte solutions in the Debye-H\\\"{u}ckel\napproximation. Within the linear-response theory, we reproduce the classical\nlimiting law that the excess viscosity is proportional to the square root of\nthe concentration of the electrolyte. We also extend this result for finite\nshear. An analytic expression of the anisotropic structure factor of the charge\ndensity under shear is obtained, and its deformation at large shear rates is\ndiscussed. A non-Newtonian effect caused by deformations of the ionic\natmosphere is also elucidated for $\\tau_D\\dot{\\gamma}>1$. This finding\nconcludes that the maximum shear stress that the ionic atmosphere can support\nis proportional to $\\lambda_D^{-3}$, where $\\dot{\\gamma}$, $\\lambda_D$ and\n$\\tau_D=\\lambda_D^2/D$ are, respectively, the shear rate, the Debye screening\nlength and the Debye relaxation time with $D$ being the relative diffusivity at\nthe infinite dilution limit of the electrolyte.",
        "positive": "An entropic simulational study of the spin-$1$ Baxter-Wu model in a\n  crystal field: We investigate the critical behavior of the two-dimensional spin-$1$\nBaxter-Wu model in a crystal field using entropic sampling simulations with the\njoint density of states. We obtain the temperature-crystal field phase diagram,\nwhich includes a tetracritical line ending at a pentacritical point. A\nfinite-size scaling analysis of the maximum of the specific heat, while\nchanging the crystal field anisotropy, is used to obtain a precise location of\nthe pentacritical point. Our results give the critical temperature and crystal\nfield as $T_{pc}=0.98030(10)$ and $D_{pc}=1.68288(62)$. We also detect that at\nthe first-order region of the phase diagram, the specific heat exhibits a\ndouble peak structure as in the Schottky-like anomaly, which is associated with\nan order-disorder transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical study of a model for non-equilibrium wetting: We revisit the scaling properties of a model for non-equilibrium wetting\n[Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2710 (1997)], correcting previous estimates of the\ncritical exponents and providing a complete scaling scheme. Moreover, we\ninvestigate a special point in the phase diagram, where the model exhibits a\nroughening transition related to directed percolation. We argue that in the\nvicinity of this point evaporation from the middle of plateaus can be\ninterpreted as an external field in the language of directed percolation. This\nanalogy allows us to compute the crossover exponent and to predict the form of\nthe phase transition line close to its terminal point.",
        "positive": "Cyclic Period-3 Window in Antiferromagnetic Potts and Ising Models on\n  Recursive Lattices: The magnetic properties of the antiferromagnetic Potts model with two-site\ninteraction and the antiferromagnetic Ising model with three-site interaction\non recursive lattices have been studied. A cyclic period-3 window has been\nrevealed by the recurrence relation method in the antiferromagnetic Q-state\nPotts model on the Bethe lattice (at Q<2) and in the antiferromagnetic Ising\nmodel with three-site interaction on the Husimi cactus. The Lyapunov exponents\nhave been calculated, modulated phases and a chaotic regime in the cyclic\nperiod-3 window have been found for one-dimensional rational mappings\ndetermined the properties of these systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-linear sigma model approach to quantum spin chains: We introduce and motivate the study of quantum spin chains on a\none-dimensional lattice. We classify the varieties of methods that have been\nused to study these models into three categories, - a) exact methods to study\nspecific models b) field theories to describe fluctuations about the classical\nordered phases and c) numerical methods. We then discuss the\n$J_1$-$J_2$-$\\delta$ model in some detail and end with a few comments on open\nproblems.",
        "positive": "The notion of persistence applied to breathers in thermal equilibrium: We study the thermal equilibrium of nonlinear Klein-Gordon chains at the\nlimit of small coupling (anticontinuum limit). We show that the persistence\ndistribution associated to the local energy density is a useful tool to study\nthe statistical distribution of so-called thermal breathers, mainly when the\nequilibrium is characterized by long-lived static excitations; in that case,\nthe distribution of persistence intervals turns out to be a powerlaw. We\ndemonstrate also that this generic behaviour has a counterpart in the power\nspectra, where the high frequencies domains nicely collapse if properly\nrescaled. These results are also compared to non linear Klein-Gordon chains\nwith a soft nonlinearity, for which the thermal breathers are rather mobile\nentities. Finally, we discuss the possibility of a breather-induced anomalous\ndiffusion law, and show that despite a strong slowing-down of the energy\ndiffusion, there are numerical evidences for a normal asymptotic diffusion\nmechanism, but with exceptionnally small diffusion coefficients."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum phase transitions: These are notes for lectures delivered at the NATO ASI on Dynamics in Leiden,\nThe Netherlands, in July 1998. The main concepts relating to quantum phase\ntransitions are explained, using the paramagnet-to-ferromagnet transition of\nitinerant electrons as the primary example. Some aspects of metal-insulator\ntransitions are also briefly discussed. The exposition is strictly pedagogical\nin nature, with no ambitions with respect to completeness or going into\ntechnical details. The goal of the lectures is to provide a bridge between\ntextbooks on classical critical phenomena and the current literature on quantum\nphase transitions. Some familiarity with the concepts of classical phase\ntransitions is helpful, but not absolutely necessary.",
        "positive": "The Specific Heat of a Trapped Fermi Gas: an Analytical Approach: We find an analytical expression for the specific heat of a Fermi gas in a\nharmonic trap using a semi-classical approximation. Our approximation is valid\nfor kT>hw and in this range it is shown to be highly accurate. We comment on\nthe semi-classical approximation, presenting an explanation for this high\naccuracy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-Range Coulomb Gas Models of Banded Random Matrices and Quantum\n  Kicked Rotors: Dyson demonstrated an equivalence between infinite-range Coulomb gas models\nand classical random matrix ensembles for study of eigenvalue statistics. We\nintroduce finite-range Coulomb gas (FRCG) models via a Brownian matrix process,\nand study them analytically and by Monte-Carlo simulations. These models yield\nnew universality classes, and provide a theoretical framework for study of\nbanded random matrices (BRM) and quantum kicked rotors (QKR). We demonstrate\nthat, for a BRM of bandwidth b and a QKR of chaos parameter {\\alpha}, the\nappropriate FRCG model has the effective range d = (b^2)/N = ({\\alpha}^2)/N,\nfor large N matrix dimensionality. As d increases, there is a transition from\nPoisson to classical random matrix statistics.",
        "positive": "On superstatistics of energy for a free quantum Brownian particle: We consider energetics of a free quantum Brownian particle coupled to\nthermostat of temperature $T$ and study this problem in terms of the lately\nformulated quantum analogue of the energy equipartition theorem. We show how\nthis quantum counterpart can be derived from the Callen-Welton\nfluctuation-dissipation relation and rephrased in terms of superstatistics. We\nanalyse the influence of the system-thermostat coupling strength and the memory\ntime of the dissipation kernel on statistical characteristics of the particle\nenergy and its specific heat."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation and relaxation properties of pulled fronts: a possible\n  scenario for non-Kardar-Parisi-Zhang behavior: We argue that while fluctuating fronts propagating into an unstable state\nshould be in the standard KPZ universality class when they are {\\em pushed},\nthey should not when they are {\\em pulled}: The universal $1/t$ velocity\nrelaxation of deterministic pulled fronts makes it unlikely that the KPZ\nequation is the appropriate effective long-wavelength low-frequency theory in\nthis regime. Simulations in 2$D$ confirm the proposed scenario, and yield\nexponents $\\beta \\approx 0.29\\pm 0.01$, $\\zeta \\approx 0.40\\pm 0.02$ for\nfluctuating pulled fronts, instead of the KPZ values $\\beta=1/3$, $\\zeta =\n1/2$. Our value of $\\beta$ is consistent with an earlier result of Riordan {\\em\net al.}",
        "positive": "Optimal finite-time processes in weakly driven overdamped Brownian\n  motion: The complete physical understanding of the optimization of the thermodynamic\nwork still is an important open problem in stochastic thermodynamics. We\naddress this issue using the Hamiltonian approach of linear response theory in\nfinite time and weak processes. We derive the Euler-Lagrange equation\nassociated and discuss its main features, illustrating them using the\nparadigmatic example of driven Brownian motion in overdamped regime. We show\nthat the optimal protocols obtained either coincide, in the appropriate limit,\nwith the exact solutions by stochastic thermodynamics or can be even identical\nto them, presenting the well-known jumps. However, our approach reveals that\njumps at the extremities of the process are a good optimization strategy in the\nregime of fast but weak processes for any driven system. Additionally, we show\nthat fast-but-weak optimal protocols are time-reversal symmetric, a property\nthat has until now remained hidden in the exact solutions far from equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical limit of master equation for harmonic oscillator coupled to\n  oscillator bath with separable initial conditions: The equation for the Wigner function describing the reduced dynamics of a\nsingle harmonic oscillator, coupled to an oscillator bath, was obtained by\nKarrlein and Grabert [Phys. Rev. E, vol. 55, 153 (1997)]. It was shown that for\nsome special correlated initial conditions the equation reduces, in the\nclassical limit, to the corresponding classical Fokker-Planck equation obtained\nby Adelman [J. Chem Phys., vol. 64, 124 (1976)]. However for separable initial\nconditions the Adelman equations were not recovered. We resolve this problem by\nshowing that, for separable initial conditions, the classical Langevin equation\nobtained from the oscillator bath model is somewhat different from the one\nconsidered by Adelman. We obtain the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation and\nshow that it exactly matches the classical limit of the equation for the Wigner\nfunction obtained from the master equation for separable initial conditions. We\nalso discuss why the special correlated initial conditions correspond to\nAdelman's solution.",
        "positive": "Universality and conformal non-invariance in self-affine rough surfaces: We show numerically that the roughness and growth exponents of a wide range\nof rough surfaces, such as random deposition with relaxation (RDR), ballistic\ndeposition (BD) and restricted solid-on-solid model (RSOS), are independent of\nthe underlying regular (square, triangular, honeycomb) or random (Voronoi)\nlattices. In addition we show that the universality holds also at the level of\nstatistical properties of the iso-height lines on different lattices. This\nuniversality is revealed by calculating the fractal dimension, loop correlation\nexponent and the length distribution exponent of the individual contours. We\nalso indicate that the hyperscaling relations are valid for the iso-height\nlines of all the studied Gaussian and non-Gaussian self-affine rough surfaces.\nFinally using the direct method of Langlands et.al we show that the contour\nlines of the rough surfaces are not conformally invariant except when we have\nsimple Gaussian free field theory with zero roughness exponent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarsening of Sand Ripples in Mass Transfer Models with Extinction: Coarsening of sand ripples is studied in a one-dimensional stochastic model,\nwhere neighboring ripples exchange mass with algebraic rates, $\\Gamma(m) \\sim\nm^\\gamma$, and ripples of zero mass are removed from the system. For $\\gamma <\n0$ ripples vanish through rare fluctuations and the average ripples mass grows\nas $\\avem(t) \\sim -\\gamma^{-1} \\ln (t)$. Temporal correlations decay as\n$t^{-1/2}$ or $t^{-2/3}$ depending on the symmetry of the mass transfer, and\nasymptotically the system is characterized by a product measure. The stationary\nripple mass distribution is obtained exactly. For $\\gamma > 0$ ripple evolution\nis linearly unstable, and the noise in the dynamics is irrelevant. For $\\gamma\n= 1$ the problem is solved on the mean field level, but the mean-field theory\ndoes not adequately describe the full behavior of the coarsening. In\nparticular, it fails to account for the numerically observed universality with\nrespect to the initial ripple size distribution. The results are not restricted\nto sand ripple evolution since the model can be mapped to zero range processes,\nurn models, exclusion processes, and cluster-cluster aggregation.",
        "positive": "On the spectrum behavior of vibrated granular matter: A laser facility based on a linear image sensor with a sampling period of\n100microseconds allows to investigate the dissipative dynamics of a vibrated\ngranular matter under gravity. The laser reveals the vertical movement of an\nindividual Zirconia-Ytria stabilized 2mm ball at the surface of a weakly\nexcited 3D granular matter bed. The stochastic realizations are measured from\nthe top of the container. Then, power spectra measurements reveal the different\ncooperative dynamics of the fluidized gap. We also carried out measurements for\none steel ball and many balls in 1D and 3D systems. We fit the measured\ndifferent regimes with generalized Langevin pictures. We introduce a fractional\ntemporal operator to characterize the ensemble of dissipative particles which\ncannot be represented by a single Langevin particle in a complex fluid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Increased critical temperature $T_c$ in the ideal anisotropic boson gas: A finite thermal anisotropy, if maintained for times longer than thermal\nrelaxation times, may have a positive effect on the critical temperature in\nBose-Einstein condensation of a dilute boson gas not in thermal equilibrium or\nquasi-particle fermi fluid consisting of spin-compensated electron pairs. It\nraises the transition temperature while increasing the condensate density.",
        "positive": "Distribution function of the endpoint fluctuations of one-dimensional\n  directed polymers in a random potential: The explicit expression for the the probability distribution function of the\nendpoint fluctuations of one-dimensional directed polymers in random potential\nis derived in terms of the Bethe ansatz replica technique by mapping the\nreplicated problem to the N-particle quantum boson system with attractive\ninteractions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Visibility Graphs of Correlated Time Series Violate the Barthelemy's\n  Conjecture for Degree and Betweenness Centralities: The problem of betweenness centrality remains a fundamental unsolved problem\nin complex networks. After a pioneering work by Barthelemy, it has been\nwell-accepted that the maximal betweenness-degree ($b$-$k$) exponent for\nscale-free (SF) networks is $\\eta_{\\text{max}}=2$, belonging to scale-free\ntrees (SFTs), based on which one concludes $\\delta\\ge\\frac{\\gamma+1}{2}$, where\n$\\gamma$ and $\\delta$ are the scaling exponents of the distribution functions\nof the degree and betweenness centrality, respectively. Here we present\nevidence for violation of this conjecture for SF visibility graphs (VGs). To\nthis end, we consider the VG of three models: two-dimensional (2D)\nBak-Tang-Weisenfeld (BTW) sandpile model, 1D fractional Brownian motion (FBM)\nand, 1D Levy walks, the two later cases are controlled by the Hurst exponent\n$H$ and step-index $\\alpha$, respectively. Specifically, for the BTW model and\nFBM with $H\\lesssim 0.5$, $\\eta$ is greater than $2$, and also\n$\\delta<\\frac{\\gamma+1}{2}$ for the BTW model, while Barthelemy's conjecture\nremains valid for the Levy process. We argue that this failure of Barthelemy's\nconjecture is due to large fluctuations in the scaling $b$-$k$ relation\nresulting in the violation of hyperscaling relation\n$\\eta=\\frac{\\gamma-1}{\\delta-1}$ and emergent anomalous behaviors for the BTW\nmodel and FBM. A super-universal behavior is found for the distribution\nfunction for a generalized degree function identical to the Barabasi-Albert\nnetwork model.",
        "positive": "Composability in a certain family of entropies: It is shown that the Tsallis entropies are the only entropies of the form\n$H(P)=-\\sum_i f(p_i)$, with suitable assumptions on $f$, satisfying the\ncondition of composability."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Avalanches in wood compression: Wood is a multi-scale material exhibiting a complex viscoplastic response. We\nstudy avalanches in small wood samples in compression. \"Woodquakes\" measured by\nacoustic emission are surprisingly similar to earthquakes and crackling noise\nin rocks and laboratory tests on brittle materials. Both the distributions of\nevent energies and of waiting (silent) times follow power-laws. The stress-\nstrain response exhibits clear signatures of localization of deformation to\n\"weak spots\" or softwood layers, as identified using Digital Image Correlation.\nEven though material structure-dependent localization takes place, the\navalanche behavior remains scale-free.",
        "positive": "Diversity of critical behavior within a universality class: We study spatial anisotropy effects on the bulk and finite-size critical\nbehavior of the O$(n)$ symmetric anisotropic $\\phi^4$ lattice model with\nperiodic boundary conditions in a $d$-dimensional hypercubic geometry above, at\nand below $T_c$. The absence of two-scale factor universality is discussed for\nthe bulk order-parameter correlation function, the bulk scattering intensity,\nand for several universal bulk amplitude relations. For the confined system,\nrenormalization-group theory within the minimal subtraction scheme at fixed\ndimension $d$ for $2<d<4$ is employed. For the case of cubic symmetry and for\n$n=1$ our perturbation approach yields excellent agreement with the Monte Carlo\n(MC) data for the finite-size amplitude of the free energy of the\nthree-dimensional Ising model at $T_c$ by Mon [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 54}, 2671\n(1985)]. Below $T_c$ a minimum of the scaling function of the excess free\nenergy is found. We predict a measurable dependence of this minimum on the\nanisotropy parameters. The relative anisotropy effect on the free energy is\npredicted to be significantly larger than that on the Binder cumulant. Our\ntheory agrees quantitatively with the non-monotonic dependence of the Binder\ncumulant on the ferromagnetic next-nearest neighbor (NNN) coupling of the\ntwo-dimensional Ising model found by MC simulations of Selke and Shchur [J.\nPhys. {\\bf A 38}, L739 (2005)]. Our theory also predicts a non-monotonic\ndependence for small values of the {\\it antiferromagnetic} NNN coupling and the\nexistence of a Lifschitz point at a larger value of this coupling. The\nnonuniversal anisotropy effects in the finite-size scaling regime are predicted\nto satisfy a kind of restricted universality. The tails of the large-$L$\nbehavior at $T \\neq T_c$ violate both finite-size scaling and universality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Anisotropic Four-State Clock Model in the Presence of Random Fields: A four-state clock ferromagnetic model is studied in the presence of\ndifferent configurations of anisotropies and random fields. The model is\nconsidered in the limit of infinite-range interactions, for which the\nmean-field approach becomes exact. Both representations of Cartesian spin\ncomponents and two Ising variables are used, in terms of which the physical\nproperties and phase diagrams are discussed. The random fields follow bimodal\nprobability distributions and the richest criticality is found when the fields,\napplied in the two Ising systems, are not correlated. The phase diagrams\npresent new interesting topologies, with a wide variety of critical\npoints,which are expected to be useful in describing different complex\nphenomena.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation Theorem of Information Exchange within an Ensemble of Paths\n  Conditioned on Correlated-Microstates: Fluctuation theorems are a class of equalities that express universal\nproperties of the probability distribution of a fluctuating path functional\nsuch as heat, work or entropy production over an ensemble of trajectories\nduring a non-equilibrium process with a well-defined initial distribution.\nJinwoo and Tanaka (Jinwoo, L.; Tanaka, H. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 7832) have shown\nthat work fluctuation theorems hold even within an ensemble of paths to each\nstate, making it clear that entropy and free energy of each microstate encode\nheat and work, respectively, within the conditioned set. Here we show that\ninformation that is characterized by the point-wise mutual information for each\ncorrelated state between two subsystems in a heat bath encodes the entropy\nproduction of the subsystems and heat bath during a coupling process. To this\nend, we extend the fluctuation theorem of information exchange (Sagawa, T.;\nUeda, M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 109, 180602) by showing that the fluctuation\ntheorem holds even within an ensemble of paths that reach a correlated state\nduring dynamic co-evolution of two subsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behaviour of the 2d spin diluted Ising model via the\n  equilibrium ensemble approach: The equilibrium ensemble approach to disordered systems is used to\ninvestigate the critical behaviour of the two dimensional Ising model in\npresence of quenched random site dilution. The numerical transfer matrix\ntechnique in semi- infinite strips of finite width, together with\nphenomenological renormalization and conformal invariance, is particularly\nsuited to put the equilibrium ensemble approach to work. A new method to\nextract with great precision the critical temperature of the model is proposed\nand applied. A more systematic finite-size scaling analysis than in previous\nnumerical studies has been performed. A parallel investigation, along the lines\nof the two main scenarios currently under discussion, namely the logarithmic\ncorrection scenario (with critical exponents fixed in the Ising universality\nclass) versus the weak universality scenario (critical exponents varying with\nthe degree of disorder), is carried out. In interpreting our data, maximum care\nis costantly taken to be open in both directions. A critical discussion shows\nthat, still, an unambiguous discrimination between the two scenarios is not\npossible on the basis of the available finite-size data.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Phase Transitions as Properties of the Stationary State:\n  Analytic Results after Quantum Quenches in the Spin-1/2 XXZ Chain: The (Loschmidt) overlap between the state at different times after a quantum\nquench is attracting increasing interest, as it was recently shown that in the\nthermodynamic limit its logarithm per unit of length has a non-analytic\nbehavior if a Hamiltonian parameter is quenched across a critical point. This\nphenomenon was called a \"dynamical phase transition\" in analogy with the\nbehavior of the canonical partition function at an equilibrium phase\ntransition. We distinguish between local and nonlocal contributions to the\naforementioned quantity and derive an analytic expression for the time\nevolution of the local part after quantum quenches in the XXZ spin-1/2 chain.\nThe state that describes the stationary properties of (local) observables can\nbe represented by a Gibbs ensemble of a generalized Hamiltonian; we reveal a\ndeep connection between the appearance of singularities and the excitation\nenergies of the generalized Hamiltonian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random Matrix Spectral Form Factor in Kicked Interacting Fermionic\n  Chains: We study quantum chaos and spectral correlations in periodically driven\n(Floquet) fermionic chains with long-range two-particle interactions, in the\npresence and absence of particle number conservation ($U(1)$) symmetry. We\nanalytically show that the spectral form factor precisely follows the\nprediction of random matrix theory in the regime of long chains, and for\ntimescales that exceed the so-called Thouless/Ehrenfest time which scales with\nthe size $L$ as ${\\cal O}(L^2)$, or ${\\cal O}(L^0)$, in the presence, or\nabsence of $U(1)$ symmetry, respectively. Using random phase assumption which\nessentially requires long-range nature of interaction, we demonstrate that the\nThouless time scaling is equivalent to the behavior of the spectral gap of a\nclassical Markov chain, which is in the continuous-time (Trotter) limit\ngenerated, respectively, by a gapless $XXX$, or gapped $XXZ$, spin-1/2 chain\nHamiltonian.",
        "positive": "Dynamic phase transitions on the kagome Ising ferromagnet: We perform extensive Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the dynamic phase\ntransition properties of the two-dimensional kinetic Ising model on the kagome\nlattice in the presence of square-wave oscillating magnetic field. Through\ndetailed finite-size scaling analysis, we study universality aspects of the\nnon-equilibrium phase transition. Obtained critical exponents indicate that the\ntwo-dimensional kagome-lattice kinetic Ising model belongs to the same\nuniversality class with the corresponding Ising model in equilibrium. Moreover,\ndynamic critical exponent of the local moves used in simulations is determined\nwith high precision. Our numerical results are compatible with the previous\nones on kinetic Ising models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Impact of degree heterogeneity on the behavior of trapping in Koch\n  networks: Previous work shows that the mean first-passage time (MFPT) for random walks\nto a given hub node (node with maximum degree) in uncorrelated random\nscale-free networks is closely related to the exponent $\\gamma$ of power-law\ndegree distribution $P(k)\\sim k^{-\\gamma}$, which describes the extent of\nheterogeneity of scale-free network structure. However, extensive empirical\nresearch indicates that real networked systems also display ubiquitous degree\ncorrelations. In this paper, we address the trapping issue on the Koch\nnetworks, which is a special random walk with one trap fixed at a hub node. The\nKoch networks are power-law with the characteristic exponent $\\gamma$ in the\nrange between 2 and 3, they are either assortative or disassortative. We\ncalculate exactly the MFPT that is the average of first-passage time from all\nother nodes to the trap. The obtained explicit solution shows that in large\nnetworks the MFPT varies lineally with node number $N$, which is obviously\nindependent of $\\gamma$ and is sharp contrast to the scaling behavior of MFPT\nobserved for uncorrelated random scale-free networks, where $\\gamma$ influences\nqualitatively the MFPT of trapping problem.",
        "positive": "Mesoscopic virial equation for nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: We derive a class of mesoscopic virial equations governing energy partition\nbetween conjugate position and momentum variables of individual degrees of\nfreedom. They are shown to apply to a wide range of nonequilibrium steady\nstates with stochastic (Langevin) and deterministic (Nos\\'e--Hoover) dynamics,\nand to extend to collective modes for models of heat-conducting lattices. A\ngeneralised macroscopic virial theorem ensues upon summation over all degrees\nof freedom. This theorem allows for the derivation of nonequilibrium state\nequations that involve dissipative heat flows on the same footing with state\nvariables, as exemplified for inertial Brownian motion with solid friction and\noverdamped active Brownian particles subject to inhomogeneous pressure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometry dependence in linear interface growth: The effect of geometry in the statistics of \\textit{nonlinear} universality\nclasses for interface growth has been widely investigated in recent years and\nit is well known to yield a split of them into subclasses. In this work, we\ninvestigate this for the \\textit{linear} classes of Edwards-Wilkinson (EW) and\nof Mullins-Herring (MH) in one- and two-dimensions. From comparison of\nanalytical results with extensive numerical simulations of several discrete\nmodels belonging to these classes, as well as numerical integrations of the\ngrowth equations on substrates of fixed size (flat geometry) or expanding\nlinearly in time (radial geometry), we verify that the height distributions\n(HDs), the spatial and the temporal covariances are universal, but\ngeometry-dependent. In fact, the HDs are always Gaussian and, when defined in\nterms of the so-called \"KPZ ansatz\" $[h \\simeq v_{\\infty} t + (\\Gamma\nt)^{\\beta} \\chi]$, their probability density functions $P(\\chi)$ have mean\nnull, so that all their cumulants are null, except by their variances, which\nassume different values in the flat and radial cases. The shape of the\n(rescaled) covariance curves is analyzed in detail and compared with some\nexisting analytical results for them. Overall, these results demonstrate that\nthe splitting of such university classes is quite general, being not restricted\nto the nonlinear ones.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics and criticality of su($m$) spin chains of Haldane-Shastry\n  type: We study the thermodynamics and critical behavior of su($m$) spin chains of\nHaldane-Shastry type at zero chemical potential, both in the $A_{N-1}$ and\n$BC_N$ cases. We evaluate in closed form the free energy per spin for arbitrary\nvalues of $m$, from which we derive explicit formulas for the energy, entropy\nand specific heat per spin. In particular, we find that the specific heat\nfeatures a single Schottky peak, whose temperature is well approximated for\n$m\\lesssim10$ by the corresponding temperature for an $m$-level system with\nuniformly spaced levels. We show that at low temperatures the free energy per\nspin of the models under study behaves as that of a one-dimensional conformal\nfield theory with central charge $c=m-1$ (with the only exception of the\nFrahm-Inozemtsev chain with zero value of its parameter). However, from a\ndetailed study of the ground state degeneracy and the low-energy excitations,\nwe conclude that these models are only critical in the antiferromagnetic case,\nwith a few exceptions that we fully specify."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Airy distribution: experiment, large deviations and additional\n  statistics: The Airy distribution (AD) describes the probability distribution of the area\nunder a Brownian excursion. The AD is prominent in several areas of physics,\nmathematics and computer science. Here we use a dilute colloidal system to\ndirectly measure, for the first time, the AD in experiment. We also show how\ntwo different techniques of theory of large deviations - the Donsker-Varadhan\nformalism and the optimal fluctuation method - manifest themselves in the AD.\nWe advance the theory of the AD by calculating, at large and small areas, the\nposition distribution of a Brownian excursion conditioned on a given area, and\nmeasure its mean in the experiment. For large areas, we uncover two\nsingularities in the large deviation function, which can be interpreted as\ndynamical phase transitions of third order. For small areas the position\ndistribution coincides with the Ferrari-Spohn distribution, and we identify the\nreason for this coincidence.",
        "positive": "RNA secondary structure formation: a solvable model of heteropolymer\n  folding: The statistical mechanics of heteropolymer structure formation is studied in\nthe context of RNA secondary structures. A designed RNA sequence biased\nenergetically towards a particular native structure (a hairpin) is used to\nstudy the transition between the native and molten phase of the RNA as a\nfunction of temperature. The transition is driven by a competition between the\nenergy gained from the polymer's overlap with the native structure and the\nentropic gain of forming random contacts. A simplified Go-like model is\nproposed and solved exactly. The predicted critical behavior is verified via\nexact numerical enumeration of a large ensemble of similarly designed\nsequences."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary and Bulk Phase Transitions in the Two Dimensional Q > 4 State\n  Potts Model: The surface and bulk properties of the two-dimensional Q > 4 state Potts\nmodel in the vicinity of the first order bulk transition point have been\nstudied by exact calculations and by density matrix renormalization group\ntechniques. For the surface transition the complete analytical solution of the\nproblem is presented in the $Q \\to \\infty$ limit, including the critical and\ntricritical exponents, magnetization profiles and scaling functions. According\nto the accurate numerical results the universality class of the surface\ntransition is independent of the value of Q > 4. For the bulk transition we\nhave numerically calculated the latent heat and the magnetization discontinuity\nand we have shown that the correlation lengths in the ordered and in the\ndisordered phases are identical at the transition point.",
        "positive": "Ground state properties of a dilute homogeneous Bose gas of hard disks\n  in two dimensions: The energy and structure of a dilute hard-disks Bose gas are studied in the\nframework of a variational many-body approach based on a Jastrow correlated\nground state wave function. The asymptotic behaviors of the radial distribution\nfunction and the one-body density matrix are analyzed after solving the Euler\nequation obtained by a free minimization of the hypernetted chain energy\nfunctional. Our results show important deviations from those of the available\nlow density expansions, already at gas parameter values $x\\sim 0.001$. The\ncondensate fraction in 2D is also computed and found generally lower than the\n3D one at the same $x$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the relation between kinetically constrained models of glass dynamics\n  and the random first-order transition theory: In this paper we revisit and extend the mapping between two apparently\ndifferent classes of models. The first class contains the prototypical models\ndescribed --at the mean-field level-- by the Random First Order Transition\n(RFOT) theory of the glass transition, called either \"random XORSAT problem\"\n(in the information theory community) or \"diluted $p$-spin model\" (in the spin\nglass community), undergoing a single-spin flip Glauber dynamics. The models in\nthe second class are Kinetically Constrained Models (KCM): their Hamiltonian is\nthat of independent spins in a constant magnetic field, hence their\nthermodynamics is completely trivial, but the dynamics is such that only groups\nof spin can flip together, thus implementing a kinetic constraint that induces\na non-trivial dynamical behavior. A mapping between some representatives of\nthese two classes has been known for long. Here we formally prove this mapping\nat the level of the master equation, and we apply it to the particular case of\nBethe lattice models. This allows us to show that a RFOT model can be mapped\nexactly into a KCM. However, the natural order parameter for the RFOT model,\nnamely the spin overlap, is mapped into a very complicated non-local function\nin the KCM. Therefore, if one were to study the KCM without knowing of the\nmapping onto the RFOT model, one would guess that its physics is quite\ndifferent from the RFOT one. Our results instead suggest that these two\napparently different descriptions of the glass transition are, at least in some\ncase, closely related.",
        "positive": "Attractive and repulsive polymer-mediated forces between scale-free\n  surfaces: We consider forces acting on objects immersed in, or attached to, long\nfluctuating polymers. The confinement of the polymer by the obstacles results\nin polymer-mediated forces that can be repulsive (due to loss of entropy) or\nattractive (if some or all surfaces are covered by adsorbing layers). The\nstrength and sign of the force in general depends on the detailed shape and\nadsorption properties of the obstacles, but assumes simple universal forms if\ncharacteristic length scales associated with the objects are large. This occurs\nfor scale-free shapes (such as a flat plate, straight wire, or cone), when the\npolymer is repelled by the obstacles, or is marginally attracted to it (close\nto the depinning transition where the absorption length is infinite). In such\ncases, the separation $h$ between obstacles is the only relevant macroscopic\nlength scale, and the polymer mediated force equals ${\\cal A} \\, k_{B}T/h$,\nwhere $T$ is temperature. The amplitude ${\\cal A}$ is akin to a critical\nexponent, depending only on geometry and universality of the polymer system.\nThe value of ${\\cal A}$, which we compute for simple geometries and ideal\npolymers, can be positive or negative. Remarkably, we find ${\\cal A}=0$ for\nideal polymers at the adsorption transition point, irrespective of shapes of\nthe obstacles, i.e. at this special point there is no polymer-mediated force\nbetween obstacles (scale-free or not)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Blast waves in the zero temperature hard sphere gas: double scaling\n  structure: We study the blast generated by sudden localized release of energy in a cold\ngas. Specifically, we consider one-dimensional hard-rod gas and two-dimensional\nhard disc gas. For this problem, the Taylor-von Neumann-Sedov (TvNS) solution\nof Euler equations has a self-similar form. The shock wave remains infinitely\nstrong for the zero-temperature gas, so the solution applies indefinitely. The\nTvNS solution ignores dissipation, however. We show that this is erroneous in\nthe core region which, in two dimensions, expands as $t^{2/5}$ while the shock\nwave propagates as $t^{1/2}$. A new self-similar solution depending on the\nscaling variable $r/t^{2/5}$ describes the core, while the TvNS solution\ndescribes the bulk. We demonstrate this from a numerical solution of the\nNavier-Stokes (NS) equations and from molecular dynamics simulations for a gas\nof hard discs in two dimensions and hard rods in one dimension. In both cases,\nthe shock front position predicted by NS equations and by the TvNS solution\nagrees with that predicted by molecular dynamics simulations. However, the NS\nequations fail to describe the near-core form of the scaling functions.",
        "positive": "Charge and electric field distributions in the interelectrode region of\n  an inhomogeneous solid electrolyte: A solid ionic conductor with cation conductivity in the interelectrode region\nis studied. Due to their large size, the anions are considered fixed and form a\nhomogeneous neutralizing electric background. The model can be used to describe\nproperties of ceramic conductors. For a statistical mechanical description of\nsuch systems, which are characterized by short-range Van der Waals interactions\nand long-range Coulomb interactions, an approach combining the collective\nvariables method and the method of mean cell potentials is used. This formalism\nwas applied in our previous work [Bokun G., Kravtsiv I., Holovko M., Vikhrenko\nV., Di Caprio D., Condens. Matter Phys., 2019, 29, 3351] to a homogeneous state\nand in the present work is extended to an inhomogeneous case induced by an\nexternal electric field. As a result, mean cell potentials become functionals\nof the density field and can be described by a closed system of integral\nequations. We investigate the solution of this problem in the lattice\napproximation and study charge and electric field distributions in the\ninterelectrode region as functions of plate electrode charges. The differential\nelectric capacitance is subsequently calculated and discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Localisation Transition of A Dynamic Reaction Front: We study the reaction-diffusion process $A+B\\to \\emptyset$ with injection of\neach species at opposite boundaries of a one-dimensional lattice and bulk\ndriving of each species in opposing directions with a hardcore interaction. The\nsystem shows the novel feature of phase transitions between localised and\ndelocalised reaction zones as the injection rate or reaction rate is varied. An\napproximate analytical form for the phase diagram is derived by relating both\nthe domain of reactants $A$ and the domain of reactants $B$ to asymmetric\nexclusion processes with open boundaries, a system for which the phase diagram\nis known exactly, giving rise to three phases. The reaction zone width $w$ is\ndescribed by a finite size scaling form relating the early time growth,\nrelaxation time and saturation width exponents. In each phase the exponents are\ndistinct from the previously studied case where the reactants diffuse\nisotropically.",
        "positive": "A case study of thermodynamic bounds for chemical kinetics: In this chapter, we illustrate recently obtained thermodynamic bounds for a\nnumber of enzymatic networks by focusing on simple examples of unicyclic or\nmulti-cyclic networks. We also derive complementary relations which constrain\nthe fluctuations of first-passage times to reach a threshold current."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Trapping of a run-and-tumble particle in an inhomogeneous domain: the\n  weak noise limit: A one-dimensional run-and-tumble particle (RTP) switches randomly between a\nleft and right moving state of constant speed $v$. This type of motion arises\nin a wide range of applications in cell biology, including the unbiased growth\nand shrinkage of microtubules or cytonemes, the bidirectional motion of\nmolecular motors, and the \"run-and-tumble\" motion of bacteria such as {\\em E.\ncoli}. RTPs are also of more general interest within the non-equilibrium\nstatistical physics community, both at the single particle level and at the\ninteracting population level, where it provides a simple example of active\nmatter. In this paper we use asymptotic methods to calculate the mean first\npassage time (MFPT) for a one-dimensional RTP to escape an effective trapping\npotential generated by space-dependent switching rates. Such methods are part\nof a more general framework for studying metastability in so-called piecewise\ndeterministic Markov processes (PDMPs), which include the RTP as a special\ncase.",
        "positive": "Stochastic resonance with weak monochromatic driving: gains above unity\n  induced by high-frequency signals: We study the effects of a high-frequency (HF) signal on the response of a\nnoisy bistable system to a low-frequency subthreshold sinusoidal signal. We\nshow that, by conveniently choosing the ratio of the amplitude of the HF signal\nto its frequency, stochastic resonance gains greater than unity can be measured\nat the low-frequency value. Thus, the addition of the HF signal can entail an\nimprovement in the detection of weak monochromatic signals. The results are\nexplained in terms of an effective model and illustrated by means of numerical\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized statistical mechanics of cosmic rays: We consider a generalized statistical mechanics model for the creation\nprocess of cosmic rays which takes into account local temperature fluctuations.\nThis model yields Tsallis statistics for the cosmic ray spectrum. It predicts\nan entropic index q given by q=11/9 at largest energies (equivalent to a\nspectral index of alpha=5/2), and an effective temperature given by (5/9)T_H,\nwhere kT_H approximately equal to 180 MeV is the Hagedorn temperature measured\nin collider experiments. Our theoretically obtained formula is in very good\nagreement with the experimentally measured energy spectrum of primary cosmic\nrays.",
        "positive": "Solution of an associating lattice gas model with density anomaly on a\n  Husimi lattice: We study a model of a lattice gas with orientational degrees of freedom which\nresemble the formation of hydrogen bonds between the molecules. In this model,\nwhich is the simplified version of the Henriques-Barbosa model, no distinction\nis made between donors and acceptors in the bonding arms. We solve the model in\nthe grand-canonical ensemble on a Husimi lattice built with hexagonal\nplaquettes with a central site. The ground-state of the model, which was\noriginally defined on the triangular lattice, is exactly reproduced by the\nsolution on this Husimi lattice. In the phase diagram, one gas and two liquid\n(high density-HDL and low density-LDL) phases are present. All phase\ntransitions (GAS-LDL, GAS-HDL, and LDL-HDL) are discontinuous, and the three\nphases coexist at a triple point. A line of temperatures of maximum density\n(TMD) in the isobars is found in the metastable GAS phase, as well as another\nline of temperatures of minimum density (TmD) appears in the LDL phase, part of\nit in the stable region and another in the metastable region of this phase.\nThese findings are at variance with simulational results for the same model on\nthe triangular lattice, which suggested a phase diagram with two critical\npoints. However, our results show very good quantitative agreement with the\nsimulations, both for the coexistence loci and the densities of particles and\nof hydrogen bonds. We discuss the comparison of the simulations with our\nresults."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extrapolation to nonequilibrium from coarse grained response theory: Nonlinear response theory, in contrast to linear cases, involves (dynamical)\ndetails, and this makes application to many body systems challenging. From the\nmicroscopic starting point we obtain an exact response theory for a small\nnumber of coarse grained degrees of freedom. With it, an extrapolation scheme\nuses near-equilibrium measurements to predict far from equilibrium properties\n(here, second order responses). Because it does not involve system details,\nthis approach can be applied to many body systems. It is illustrated in a four\nstate model and in the near critical Ising model.",
        "positive": "Displacement of transport processes on networked topologies: Consider a particle whose position evolves along the edges of a network. One\ndefinition for the displacement of a particle is the length of the shortest\npath on the network between the current and initial positions of the particle.\nSuch a definition fails to incorporate information of the actual path the\nparticle traversed. In this work we consider another definition for the\ndisplacement of a particle on networked topologies. Using this definition,\nwhich we term the winding distance, we demonstrate that for Brownian particles,\nconfinement to a network can induce a transition in the mean squared\ndisplacement from diffusive to ballistic behaviour, $\\langle x^2(t) \\rangle\n\\propto t^2$ for long times. A multiple scales approach is used to derive a\nmacroscopic evolution equation for the displacement of a particle and uncover a\ntopological condition for whether this transition in the mean squared\ndisplacement will occur. Furthermore, for networks satisfying this topological\ncondition, we identify a prediction of the timescale upon which the\ndisplacement transitions to long-time behaviour. Finally, we extend the\ninvestigation of displacement on networks to a class of anomalously diffusive\ntransport processes, where we find that the mean squared displacement at long\ntimes is affected by both network topology and the character of the transport\nprocess."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hopping induced continuous diffusive dynamics below the non-ergodic\n  transition: In low temperature supercooled liquid, below the ideal mode coupling theory\ntransition temperature, hopping and continuous diffusion are seen to coexist.\nWe present a theory which incorporates interaction between the two processes\nand shows that hopping can induce continuous diffusion in the otherwise frozen\nliquid. Several universal features arise from nonlinear interactions between\nthe continuous diffusive dynamics (described here by the mode coupling theory\n(MCT)) and the activated hopping (described here by the random first order\ntransition theory). We apply the theory to real systems (Salol) to show that\nthe theory correctly predicts the temperature dependence of the non-exponential\nstretching parameter, $\\beta$, and the primary $\\alpha$ relaxation timescale,\n$\\tau$. The study explains why, even below the ergodic to non-ergodic\ntransition, the dynamics is well described by MCT. The non-linear coupling\nbetween the two dynamical processes modifies the relaxation behavior of the\nstructural relaxation from what would be predicted by a theory with a complete\nstatic Gaussian barrier distribution in a manner that may be described as a\nfacilitation effect. Furthermore, the theory explains the observed variation of\nthe stretching exponent $\\beta$ with the fragility parameter, $D$.",
        "positive": "Kardar-Parisi-Zhang Interfaces with Inward Growth: We study the $(1+1)$-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) interfaces growing\ninward from ring-shaped initial conditions, experimentally and numerically,\nusing growth of a turbulent state in liquid-crystal electroconvection and an\noff-lattice Eden model, respectively. To realize the ring initial condition\nexperimentally, we introduce a holography-based technique that allows us to\ndesign the initial condition arbitrarily. Then, we find that fluctuation\nproperties of ingrowing circular interfaces are distinct from those for the\ncurved or circular KPZ subclass and, instead, are characterized by the flat\nsubclass. More precisely, we find an asymptotic approach to the Tracy-Widom\ndistribution for the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble and the $\\text{Airy}_1$\nspatial correlation, as long as time is much shorter than the characteristic\ntime determined by the initial curvature. Near this characteristic time,\ndeviation from the flat KPZ subclass is found, which can be explained in terms\nof the correlation length and the circumference. Our results indicate that the\nsign of the initial curvature has a crucial role in determining the universal\ndistribution and correlation functions of the KPZ class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical revision of the universal amplitude ratios for the\n  two-dimensional 4-state Potts model: Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and series expansion (SE) data for the energy,\nspecific heat, magnetization and susceptibility of the ferromagnetic 4-state\nPotts model on the square lattice are analyzed in a vicinity of the critical\npoint in order to estimate universal combinations of critical amplitudes. The\nquality of the fits is improved using predictions of the renormalization group\n(RG) approach and of conformal invariance, and restricting the data within an\nappropriate temperature window.\n  The RG predictions on the cancelation of the logarithmic corrections in the\nuniversal amplitude ratios are tested. A direct calculation of the effective\nratio of the energy amplitudes using duality relations explicitly demonstrates\nthis cancelation of logarithms, thus supporting the predictions of RG.\n  We emphasize the role of corrections of background terms on the determination\nof the amplitudes. The ratios of the critical amplitudes of the\nsusceptibilities obtained in our analysis differ significantly from those\npredicted theoretically and supported by earlier SE and MC analysis. This\ndisagreement might signal that the two-kink approximation used in the\nanalytical estimates is not sufficient to describe with fair accuracy the\namplitudes of the 4-state model.",
        "positive": "Exact Partition Functions for the Primitive Droplet Nucleation Model in\n  2 and 3 Dimensions: The grand canonical partition functions for primitive droplet nucleation\nmodels with an excess energy epsilon_n = - mu n + sigma n^{1-eta}, eta = 1/d,\nfor droplets of n constituents in d dimensions are calculated exacly in closed\nform in the cases d=2 and 3 for all (complex) mu by exploiting the fact that\nthe partition functions obey simple PDE."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium transport through quantum-wire junctions and boundary\n  defects for free massless bosonic fields: We consider a model of quantum-wire junctions where the latter are described\nby conformal-invariant boundary conditions of the simplest type in the\nmulticomponent compactified massless scalar free field theory representing the\nbosonized Luttinger liquids in the bulk of wires. The boundary conditions\nresult in the scattering of charges across the junction with nontrivial\nreflection and transmission amplitudes. The equilibrium state of such a system,\ncorresponding to inverse temperature $\\beta$ and electric potential $V$, is\nexplicitly constructed both for finite and for semi-infinite wires. In the\nlatter case, a stationary nonequilibrium state describing the wires kept at\ndifferent temperatures and potentials may be also constructed. The main result\nof the present paper is the calculation of the full counting statistics (FCS)\nof the charge and energy transfers through the junction in a nonequilibrium\nsituation. Explicit expressions are worked out for the generating function of\nFCS and its large-deviations asymptotics. For the purely transmitting case they\ncoincide with those obtained in the litterature, but numerous cases of\njunctions with transmission and reflection are also covered. The large\ndeviations rate function of FCS for charge and energy transfers is shown to\nsatisfy the fluctuation relations and the expressions for FCS obtained here are\ncompared with the Levitov-Lesovic formulae.",
        "positive": "On the fluctuation of thermal van der Waals forces due to dipole\n  fluctuations: Fluctuations of the thermal or classical component of the van der Waals force\nbetween two dielectric slabs, modelled as an ensemble of polarizable dipoles\nwhich interact via the usual electrostatic dipole-dipole interaction, are\nevaluated. In the model the instantaneous force is a deterministic function of\nthe dipole configurations in the slabs and its fluctuations are purely due to\ndipole fluctuations (no background thermal fluctuations of the electromagnetic\nfield are considered). The average of the force and its variance are computed.\nThe fluctuations of the force exhibit normal thermodynamic scaling in that they\nare proportional to the area of the two plates, and even more importantly, do\nnot depend on any microscopic cut-off in the theory. The average and the\nvariance of the thermal van der Waals forces give a unique fingerprint of these\nfluctuation interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relation between occupation in the first coordination shells and Widom\n  line in Core-Softened Potentials: Three core-softened families of potentials are checked for the presence of\ndensity and diffusion anomalies. These potentials exhibit a repulsive core with\na softening region and at larger distances an attractive well. We found that\nthe region in the pressure-temperature phase diagram in which the anomalies are\npresent increases if the slope between the core-softened scale and the\nattractive part of the potential decreases. The anomalous region also increases\nif the range of the core-softened or of the attractive part of the potential\ndecreases. We also show that the presence of the density anomaly is consistent\nwith the non monotonic changes of the radial distribution function at each one\nof the two scales when temperature and density are varied. Then, using this\nanomalous behavior of the structure we show that the pressures and the\ntemperatures in which the radial distribution functions of the two length\nscales are equal are identified with the Widom line.",
        "positive": "Structure factor of dilute ring polymers: We consider ring polymers in good solvents in the dilute limit. We determine\nthe structure factor and the monomer-monomer distribution function. We compute\naccurately the asymptotic behavior of these functions for small and large\nmomenta and distances by using field-theoretical methods. Phenomenological\nexpressions with the correct asymptotic behaviors are also given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical origin of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a field-driven\n  nonequilibrium system: A one-dimensional driven two-species model with parallel sublattice update\nand open boundaries is considered. Although the microscopic many-body dynamics\nis symmetric with respect to the two species and interactions are short-ranged,\nthere is a region in parameter space with broken symmetry in the steady state.\nThe sublattice update is deterministic in the bulk and allows for a detailed\nanalysis of the relaxation dynamics, so that symmetry breaking can be shown to\nbe the result of an amplification mechanism of fluctuations. In contrast to\npreviously considered models, this leads to a proof for spontaneous symmetry\nbreaking which is valid throughout the whole region in parameter space with a\nsymmetry broken steady state.",
        "positive": "Quantum Ratchets: The concept of thermal ratchets is extended to the system governed by quantum\nmechanics. We study a tight-binding model with an asymmetric periodic potential\ncontacting with a heat bath under an external oscillating field as a specific\nexample of quantum ratchet. Dynamics of a density operator of this system is\nstudied numerically by using the quantum Liouville equation. Finite net current\nis found in the non-equilibrium steady state. The direction of the current\nvaries with parameters, in contrast with the classical thermal ratchets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Constraint driven condensation in large fluctuations of linear\n  statistics: Condensation is the phenomenon whereby one of a sum of random variables\ncontributes a finite fraction to the sum. It is manifested as an aggregation\nphenomenon in diverse physical systems such as coalescence in granular media,\njamming in traffic and gelation in networks. We show here that the same\ncondensation scenario, which normally happens only if the underlying\nprobability distribution has tails heavier than exponential, can occur for\nlight-tailed distributions in the presence of additional constraints. We\ndemonstrate this phenomenon on the sample variance, whose probability\ndistribution conditioned on the particular value of the sample mean undergoes a\nphase transition. The transition is manifested by a change in behavior of the\nlarge deviation rate function.",
        "positive": "Accurate expansions of internal energy and specific heat of critical\n  two-dimensional Ising model with free boundaries: The bond-propagation (BP) algorithm for the specific heat of the two\ndimensional Ising model is developed and that for the internal energy is\ncompleted. Using these algorithms, we study the critical internal energy and\nspecific heat of the model on the square lattice and triangular lattice with\nfree boundaries. Comparing with previous works [X.-T. Wu {\\it et al} Phys. Rev.\nE {\\bf 86}, 041149 (2012) and Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 87}, 022124 (2013)], we reach\nmuch higher accuracy ($10^{-26}$) of the internal energy and specific heat,\ncompared to the accuracy $10^{-11}$ of the internal energy and $10^{-9}$ of the\nspecific heat reached in the previous works. This leads to much more accurate\nestimations of the edge and corner terms. The exact values of some edge and\ncorner terms are therefore conjectured. The accurate forms of finite-size\nscaling for the internal energy and specific heat are determined for the\nrectangle-shaped square lattice with various aspect ratios and various shaped\ntriangular lattice. For the rectangle-shaped square and triangular lattices and\nthe triangle-shaped triangular lattice, there is no logarithmic correction\nterms of order higher than 1/S, with S the area of the system. For the\ntriangular lattice in rhombus, trapezoid and hexagonal shapes, there exist\nlogarithmic correction terms of order higher than 1/S for the internal energy,\nand logarithmic correction terms of all orders for the specific heat."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo, blocking, and inference: How to measure the renormalization\n  group flow: Renormalization group theory is a powerful and intriguing technique with a\nwide range of applications. One of the main successes of renormalization group\ntheory is the description of continuous phase transitions and the development\nof scaling theory. Most courses on phase transitions focus on scaling and\ncritical exponents, while less attention is paid to universality,\nrenormalization group flow, and the existence of a unique fixed point, which\nare the ultimate reasons why scaling theory is so effective in describing\ncontinuous phase transitions. We use a combination of Monte Carlo simulations\nand real space renormalization group theory to determine the renormalization\ngroup flow and to show the existence of a universal fixed point in the context\nof the ferromagnetic Ising model.",
        "positive": "Targeted free energy perturbation: A generalization of the free energy perturbation identity is derived, and a\ncomputational strategy based on this result is presented. A simple example\nillustrates the efficiency gains that can be achieved with this method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic Phase Transition in the Contact Process with Spatial Disorder:\n  Griffths Phase and Complex Persistence Exponents: We present a model which displays Griffiths phase i.e. algebraic decay of\ndensity with continuously varying exponent in the absorbing phase. In active\nphase, the memory of initial conditions is lost with continuously varying\ncomplex exponent in this model. This is 1-D model where fraction r of sites\nobey rules leading to directed percolation (DP) class and the rest evolve\naccording to rules leading to compact directed percolation (CDP) class. For\ninfection probability $p < p_c$, the fraction of active sites $\\rho(t) = 0$\nasymptotically. For $p > p_c$, $\\rho(infty) > 0$. At $p = p_c$, $\\rho(t)$, the\nsurvival probability from single seed and the average number of active sites\nstarting from single seed decay logarithmically. The local persistence\n$P_l(\\infty) > 0$ for $p < p_c$ and $P_l(\\infty) = 0$ for $p > p_c$. For $p >\np_s$, local persistence $P_l(t)$ decays as a power law with continuously\nvarying exponents. The persistence exponent is clearly complex as $p\\rightarrow\n1$. The complex exponent implies logarithmic periodic oscillations in\npersistence. The wavelength and the amplitude of the logarithmic periodic\noscillations increases with p. We note that underlying lattice or disorder does\nnot have self-similar structure.",
        "positive": "Anomalous behavior of ideal Fermi gas below two dimensions: Normal behavior of the thermodynamic properties of a Fermi gas in $d>2$\ndimensions, integer or not, means monotonically increasing or decreasing of its\nspecific heat, chemical potential or isothermal sound velocity, all as\nfunctions of temperature. However, for $0<d<2$ dimensions these properties\ndevelop a ``hump'' (or ``trough'') which increases (or deepens) as $d\\to 0$.\nThough not the phase transition signaled by the sharp features (``cusp'' or\n``jump'') in those properties for the ideal Bose gas in $d>2$ (known as the\nBose-Einstein condensation), it is nevertheless an intriguing structural\nanomaly which we exhibit in detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Form invariant Sommerfeld electrical conductivity in generalised d\n  dimensions: The Sommerfeld electrical conductivity is calculated in d dimensions\nfollowing Boltzmann kinetic approach. At T=0, the mathematical form of the\nelectrical conductivity is found to remain invariant in any generalised spatial\n(d) dimensions.",
        "positive": "Closure of the entanglement gap at quantum criticality: The case of the\n  Quantum Spherical Model: The study of entanglement spectra is a powerful tool to detect or elucidate\nuniversal behaviour in quantum many-body systems. We investigate the scaling of\nthe entanglement (or Schmidt) gap $\\delta\\xi$, i.e., the lowest laying gap of\nthe entanglement spectrum, at a two-dimensional quantum critical point. We\nfocus on the paradigmatic quantum spherical model, which exhibits a\nsecond-order transition, and is mappable to free bosons with an additional\nexternal constraint. We analytically show that the Schmidt gap vanishes at the\ncritical point, although only logarithmically. For a system on a torus and the\nhalf-system bipartition, the entanglement gap vanishes as $\\pi^2/\\ln(L)$, with\n$L$ the linear system size. The entanglement gap is nonzero in the paramagnetic\nphase and exhibits a faster decay in the ordered phase. The rescaled gap\n$\\delta\\xi\\ln(L)$ exhibits a crossing for different system sizes at the\ntransition, although logarithmic corrections prevent a precise verification of\nthe finite-size scaling. Interestingly, the change of the entanglement gap\nacross the phase diagram is reflected in the zero-mode eigenvector of the\nspin-spin correlator. At the transition quantum fluctuations give rise to a\nnon-trivial structure of the eigenvector, whereas in the ordered phase it is\nflat. We also show that the vanishing of the entanglement gap at criticality\ncan be qualitatively but not quantitatively captured by neglecting the\nstructure of the zero-mode eigenvector."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Casimir entropy between 'perfect crystals': We give a re-interpretation of an `entropy defect' in the electromagnetic\nCasimir effect. The electron gas in a perfect crystal is an electromagnetically\ndisordered system whose entropy contains a finite Casimir-like contribution.\nThe Nernst theorem (third law of thermodynamics) is not applicable.",
        "positive": "Identifying Quantum Phase Transitions with Adversarial Neural Networks: The identification of phases of matter is a challenging task, especially in\nquantum mechanics, where the complexity of the ground state appears to grow\nexponentially with the size of the system. We address this problem with\nstate-of-the-art deep learning techniques: adversarial domain adaptation. We\nderive the phase diagram of the whole parameter space starting from a fixed and\nknown subspace using unsupervised learning. The input data set contains both\nlabeled and unlabeled data instances. The first kind is a system that admits an\naccurate analytical or numerical solution, and one can recover its phase\ndiagram. The second type is the physical system with an unknown phase diagram.\nAdversarial domain adaptation uses both types of data to create invariant\nfeature extracting layers in a deep learning architecture. Once these layers\nare trained, we can attach an unsupervised learner to the network to find phase\ntransitions. We show the success of this technique by applying it on several\nparadigmatic models: the Ising model with different temperatures, the\nBose-Hubbard model, and the SSH model with disorder. The input is the ground\nstate without any manual feature engineering, and the dimension of the\nparameter space is unrestricted. The method finds unknown transitions\nsuccessfully and predicts transition points in close agreement with standard\nmethods. This study opens the door to the classification of physical systems\nwhere the phases boundaries are complex such as the many-body localization\nproblem or the Bose glass phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Derivation of the First Passage Time Distribution for Markovian Process\n  on Discrete Network: Based on the analysis of probability flow, where the First Passage (FP) is\nrealised as the sink of probability, we summarise the protocol to find the\ndistribution of the First Passage Time (FTP). We also describe the\ncorresponding formula for the discrete time case.",
        "positive": "On variational principles for polarization responses in\n  electromechanical systems: Classical electrodynamics uses a dielectric constant to describe the\npolarization response of electromechanical systems to changes in an electric\nfield. We generalize that description to include a wide variety of responses to\nchanges in the electric field, as found in most systems and applications.\nElectromechanical systems can be found in many physical and biological\napplications, such as ion transport in membranes, batteries, and dielectric\nelastomers. We present a unified, thermodynamically consistent, variational\nframework for modeling electromechanical systems as they respond to changes in\nthe electric field; that is to say, as they polarize. This framework is\nmotivated and developed using the classical energetic variational approach\n(EnVarA). The coupling between the electric part and the chemo-mechanical parts\nof the system is described either by Lagrange multipliers or various energy\nrelaxations. The classical polarization and its dielectrics and dielectric\nconstants appear as outputs of this analysis. The Maxwell equations then become\nuniversal conservation laws of charge and current, conjoined to an\nelectromechanical description of polarization. Polarization describes the\nentire electromechanical response to changes in the electric field and can\nsometimes be approximated as a dielectric constant or dielectric dispersion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lattice polymers with two competing collapse interactions: There have been separate studies of the polymer collapse transition, where\nthe collapse was induced by two different types of attraction. In each case,\nthe configurations of the polymer were given by the same subset of random walks\nbeing self-avoiding trails on the square lattice.\n  Numerical evidence shows that when interacting via nearest-neighbour\ncontacts, this transition is different from the collapse transition in\nsquare-lattice trails interacting via multiply visited sites. While both\ntransitions are second-order, when interacting via nearest-neighbour contacts,\nthe transition is relatively weak with a convergent specific heat, while when\ninteracting via multiply visited sites, the specific heat diverges strongly.\nMoreover, an estimation of the crossover exponent for the nearest-neighbour\ncontact interaction provides a value close to that of the canonical polymer\ncollapse model of interacting self-avoiding walks, which also interact via\nnearest-neighbour contacts.\n  From computer simulations using the flatPERM algorithm, we extend these\nstudies by considering a model of self-avoiding trails on the square lattice\ncontaining both types of interaction, and which therefore contains all three of\nthe models discussed above as special cases. We find that the strong\nmultiply-visited site collapse is a singular point in the phase diagram and\ncorresponds to a higher order multi-critical point separating a line of weak\nsecond-order transitions from a line of first-order transitions.",
        "positive": "Non-interacting fermions in hard-edge potentials: We consider the spatial quantum and thermal fluctuations of non-interacting\nFermi gases of $N$ particles confined in $d$-dimensional non-smooth potentials.\nWe first present a thorough study of the spherically symmetric pure hard-box\npotential, with vanishing potential inside the box, both at $T=0$ and $T>0$. We\nfind that the correlations near the wall are described by a \"hard edge\" kernel,\nwhich depend both on $d$ and $T$, and which is different from the \"soft edge\"\nAiry kernel, and its higher $d$ generalizations, found for smooth potentials.\nWe extend these results to the case where the potential is non-uniform inside\nthe box, and find that there exists a family of kernels which interpolate\nbetween the above \"hard edge\" kernel and the \"soft edge\" kernels. Finally, we\nconsider one-dimensional singular potentials of the form $V(x)\\sim\n|x|^{-\\gamma}$ with $\\gamma>0$. We show that the correlations close to the\nsingularity at $x=0$ are described by this \"hard edge\" kernel for\n$1\\leq\\gamma<2$ while they are described by a broader family of \"hard edge\"\nkernels known as the Bessel kernel for $\\gamma=2$ and, finally by the Airy\nkernel for $\\gamma>2$. These one-dimensional kernels also appear in random\nmatrix theory, and we provide here the mapping between the $1d$ fermion models\nand the corresponding random matrix ensembles. Part of these results were\nannounced in a recent Letter, EPL 120, 10006 (2017)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Using the Wigner-Ibach Surmise to Analyze Terrace-Width Distributions:\n  History, User's Guide, and Advances: A history is given of the applications of the simple expression generalized\nfrom the surmise by Wigner and also by Ibach to extract the strength of the\ninteraction between steps on a vicinal surface, via the terrace width\ndistribution (TWD). A concise guide for use with experiments and a summary of\nsome recent extensions are provided.",
        "positive": "Secondary structure formation of homopolymeric single-stranded nucleic\n  acids including force and loop entropy: implications for DNA hybridization: Loops are essential secondary structure elements in folded DNA and RNA\nmolecules and proliferate close to the melting transition. Using a theory for\nnucleic acid secondary structures that accounts for the logarithmic entropy c\nln m for a loop of length m, we study homopolymeric single-stranded nucleic\nacid chains under external force and varying temperature. In the thermodynamic\nlimit of a long strand, the chain displays a phase transition between a low\ntemperature / low force compact (folded) structure and a high temperature /\nhigh force molten (unfolded) structure. The influence of c on phase diagrams,\ncritical exponents, melting, and force extension curves is derived\nanalytically. For vanishing pulling force, only for the limited range of loop\nexponents 2 < c < 2.479 a melting transition is possible; for c <= 2 the chain\nis always in the folded phase and for 2.479 < c always in the unfolded phase. A\nforce induced melting transition with singular behavior is possible for all\nloop exponents c < 2.479 and can be observed experimentally by single molecule\nforce spectroscopy. These findings have implications for the hybridization or\ndenaturation of double stranded nucleic acids. The Poland-Scheraga model for\nnucleic acid duplex melting does not allow base pairing between nucleotides on\nthe same strand in denatured regions of the double strand. If the sequence\nallows these intra-strand base pairs, we show that for a realistic loop\nexponent c ~ 2.1 pronounced secondary structures appear inside the single\nstrands. This leads to a lower melting temperature of the duplex than predicted\nby the Poland-Scheraga model. Further, these secondary structures renormalize\nthe effective loop exponent c^, which characterizes the weight of a denatured\nregion of the double strand, and thus affect universal aspects of the duplex\nmelting transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reaction-diffusion kinetics in growing domains: Reaction-diffusion models have been used over decades to study biological\nsystems. In this context, evolution equations for probability distribution\nfunctions and the associated stochastic differential equations have nowadays\nbecome indispensable tools. In population dynamics, say, such approaches are\nutilized to study many systems, e.g., colonies of microorganisms or ecological\nsystems. While the majority of studies focus on the case of a static domain,\nthe time-dependent case is also important, as it allows one to deal with\nsituations where the domain growth takes place over time scales that are\nrelevant for the computation of reaction rates and of the associated reactant\ndistributions. Such situations are indeed frequently encountered in the field\nof developmental biology, notably in connection with pattern formation, embryo\ngrowth or morphogen gradient formation. In this chapter, we review some recent\nadvances in the study of pure diffusion processes in growing domains. These\nresults are subsequently taken as a starting point to study the kinetics of a\nsimple reaction-diffusion process, i.e., the encounter-controlled annihilation\nreaction. The outcome of the present work is expected to pave the way for the\nstudy of more complex reaction-diffusion systems of possible relevance in\nvarious fields of research.",
        "positive": "Density Profile and Flow of Miscible Fluid with Dissimilar Constituent\n  Masses: A computer simulation model is used to study the density profile and flow of\na miscible gaseous fluid mixture consisting of differing constituent masses\n($m_A = m_B/3$) through an open matrix. The density profile is found to decay\nwith the height $\\propto \\exp(-m_{A(B)}h)$, consistent with the barometric\nheight law. The flux density shows a power-law increase $\\propto\n{(p_c-p)}^{\\mu}$ with $\\mu \\simeq 2.3$ at the porosity $1-p$ above the pore\npercolation threshold $1-p_c$"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Schroedinger link between non-equilibrium thermodynamics and Fisher\n  information: It is known that equilibrium thermodynamics can be deduced from a constrained\nFisher information extemizing process. We show here that, more generally, both\nnon-equilibrium and equilibrium thermodynamics can be obtained from such a\nFisher treatment. Equilibrium thermodynamics corresponds to the ground state\nsolution, and non-equilibrium thermodynamics corresponds to excited state\nsolutions, of a Schroedinger wave equation (SWE). That equation appears as an\noutput of the constrained variational process that extremizes Fisher\ninformation. Both equilibrium- and non-equilibrium situations can thereby be\ntackled by one formalism that clearly exhibits the fact that thermodynamics and\nquantum mechanics can both be expressed in terms of a formal SWE, out of a\ncommon informational basis.",
        "positive": "Variational states for the spin-Peierls system: We introduce a family of Jastrow pair product states for quasi\none-dimensional spin systems. Depending on a parameter they interpolate between\nthe resonating valence bond ground state of the Haldane-Shastry model\ndescribing a spin liquid and the (dimerized) valence bond solid ground states\nof the Majumdar-Ghosh spin chain. These states are found to form an excellent\nbasis for variational studies of Heisenberg chains with next nearest neighbour\ninteraction and bond alternation as realized in the spin-Peierls system\nCuGeO_3."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ordering of Random Walks: The Leader and the Laggard: We investigate two complementary problems related to maintaining the relative\npositions of N random walks on the line: (i) the leader problem, that is, the\nprobability {\\cal L}_N(t) that the leftmost particle remains the leftmost as a\nfunction of time and (ii) the laggard problem, the probability {\\cal R}_N(t)\nthat the rightmost particle never becomes the leftmost. We map these ordering\nproblems onto an equivalent (N-1)-dimensional electrostatic problem. From this\nconstruction we obtain a very accurate estimate for {\\cal L}_N(t) for N=4, the\nfirst case that is not exactly soluble: {\\cal L}_4(t) ~ t^{-\\beta_4}, with\n\\beta_4=0.91342(8). The probability of being the laggard also decays\nalgebraically, {\\cal R}_N(t) ~ t^{-\\gamma_N}; we derive \\gamma_2=1/2,\n\\gamma_3=3/8, and argue that \\gamma_N--> ln N/N$ as N-->oo.",
        "positive": "External fluctuations in front dynamics with inertia: The overdamped\n  limit: We study the dynamics of fronts when both inertial effects and external\nfluctuations are taken into account. Stochastic fluctuations are introduced as\nmultiplicative noise arising from a control parameter of the system. Contrary\nto the non-inertial (overdamped) case, we find that important features of the\nsystem, such as the velocity selection picture, are not modified by the noise.\nWe then compute the overdamped limit of the underdamped dynamics in a more\ncareful way, finding that it does not exhibit any effect of noise either. Our\nresult poses the question as to whether or not external noise sources can be\nmeasured in physical systems of this kind."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rate dependence of current and fluctuations in jump models with negative\n  differential mobility: Negative differential mobility is the phenomenon in which the velocity of a\nparticle decreases when the force driving it increases. We study this\nphenomenon in Markov jump models where a particle moves in the presence of\nwalls that act as traps. We consider transition rates that obey local detailed\nbalance but differ in normalisation, the inclusion of a rate to cross a wall\nand a load factor. We illustrate the full counting statistics for different\nchoices of the jumping rates. We also show examples of thermodynamic\nuncertainty relations. The variety of behaviours we encounter highlights that\nnegative differential mobility depends crucially on the chosen rates and points\nout the necessity that such choices should be based on proper coarse-graining\nstudies of a more microscopic description.",
        "positive": "Sine-square deformation of solvable spin chains and conformal field\n  theories: We study solvable spin chains, one-dimensional massless Dirac fermions, and\nconformal field theories (CFTs) with sine-square deformation (SSD), in which\nthe Hamiltonian density is modulated by the function $f(x)=\\sin^2 (\\pi\nx/\\ell)$, where $x$ is the position and $\\ell$ is the length of the system. For\nthe XY chain and the transverse field Ising chain at criticality, it is shown\nthat the ground state of an open system with SSD is identical to that of a\nuniform chain with periodic boundary conditions. The same holds for the\nmassless Dirac fermions with SSD, corresponding to the continuum limit of the\ngapless XY chain. For general CFTs, we find that the Hamiltonian of a system\nwith SSD has an expression in terms of the generators of the Virasoro algebra.\nThis allows us to show that the vacuum state is an exact eigenstate of the\nsine-square deformed Hamiltonian. Furthermore, for a restricted class of CFTs\nassociated with affine Lie (Kac-Moody) algebras, including $c=1$ Gaussian CFT,\nwe prove that the vacuum is an exact ground state of the deformed Hamiltonian.\nThis explains why the SSD has succeeded in suppressing boundary effects in\none-dimensional critical systems, as observed in previous numerical studies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantitative Probe of Pairing Correlations in a Cold Fermionic Atom Gas: A quantitative measure of the pairing correlations present in a cold gas of\nfermionic atoms can be obtained by studying the dependence of RF spectra on\nhyperfine state populations. This proposal follows from a sum rule that relates\nthe total interaction energy of the gas to RF spectrum line positions. We argue\nthat this indicator of pairing correlations provides information comparable to\nthat available from the spin-susceptibility and NMR measurements common in\ncondensed-matter systems.",
        "positive": "Algorithmic design of self-assembling structures: We study inverse statistical mechanics: how can one design a potential\nfunction so as to produce a specified ground state? In this paper, we show that\nunexpectedly simple potential functions suffice for certain symmetrical\nconfigurations, and we apply techniques from coding and information theory to\nprovide mathematical proof that the ground state has been achieved. These\npotential functions are required to be decreasing and convex, which rules out\nthe use of potential wells. Furthermore, we give an algorithm for constructing\na potential function with a desired ground state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Semi-flexible trimers on the square lattice in the full lattice limit: Trimers are chains formed by two lattice edges, and therefore three monomers.\nWe consider trimers placed on the square lattice, the edges belonging to the\nsame trimer are either colinear, forming a straight rod with unitary\nstatistical weight, or perpendicular, a statistical weight $\\omega$ being\nassociated to these angular trimers. The thermodynamic properties of this model\nare studied in the full lattice limit, where all lattice sites are occupied by\nmonomers belonging to trimers. In particular, we use transfer matrix techniques\nto estimate the entropy of the system as a function of $\\omega$. The entropy\n$s(\\omega)$ is a maximum at $\\omega=1$ and our results are compared to earlier\nstudies in the literature for straight trimers ($\\omega=0$), angular trimers\n($\\omega \\to \\infty$) and for mixtures of equiprobable straight and angular\ntrimers ($\\omega=1$).",
        "positive": "Critical properties of the spherical model in the microcanonical\n  formalism: Due to the equivalence of the statistical ensembles thermostatic properties\nof physical systems with short-range interactions can be calculated in\ndifferent ensembles leading to the same physics. In particular, the ensemble\nequivalence holds for systems that undergo a continuous phase transition in the\ninfinite volume limit so that the properties of the transition can also be\ninvestigated in the microcanonical approach. Considering as example the\nspherical model the ensemble equivalence is explicitly demonstrated by\ncalculating the critical properties in the microcanonical ensemble and\ncomparing them to the well-known canonical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions in the complex plane of physical parameters: At low temperature a thermodynamic system undergoes a phase transition when a\nphysical parameter passes through a singularity point of the free energy,\ncorresponding to formation of a new order. At high temperature the thermal\nfluctuations destroy the orders; correspondingly the free energy is a smooth\nfunction of the physical parameter and the singularity would occur only at\ncomplex values of the parameter. Since a complex parameter is unphysical, at\nhigh temperature no phase transition is expected with varying the physical\nparameter. Here we show that the quantum evolution, driven by a designed\ninteraction, of a system initialized in thermal equilibrium is equivalent to\nthe partition function of a complex parameter. Therefore we can access the\ncomplex singularity points of thermodynamic functions and observe phase\ntransitions even at high temperatures. This discovery makes it possible to\nstudy thermodynamics in the complex plane of physical parameters.",
        "positive": "Translocation of polymers with folded configurations across nanopores: The transport of polymers with folded configurations across membrane pores is\ninvestigated theoretically by analyzing simple discrete stochastic models. The\ntranslocation dynamics is viewed as a sequence of two events: motion of the\nfolded segment through the channel followed by the linear part of the polymer.\nThe transition rates vary for the folded and linear segments because of\ndifferent interactions between the polymer molecule and the pore. It is shown\nthat the translocation time depends non-monotonously on the length of the\nfolded segment for short polymers and weak external fields, while it becomes\nmonotonous for long molecules and large fields. Also, there is a critical\ninteraction between the polymers and the pore that separates two dynamic\nregimes. For stronger interactions the folded polymer moves slower, while for\nweaker interactions the linear chain translocation is the fastest. In addition,\nour calculations show that the folding does not change the translocation\nscaling properties of the polymer. These phenomena can be explained by the\ninterplay between the translocation distances and transition rates for the\nfolded and linear segments of the polymer. Theoretical results are applied for\nanalysis of experimental translocations through solid-state nanopores."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Phases of Soft-Core Dipolar Bosons in Optical Lattices: We study the phase diagram of a system of soft-core dipolar bosons confined\nto a two-dimensional optical lattice layer. We assume that dipoles are aligned\nperpendicular to the layer such that the dipolar interactions are purely\nrepulsive and isotropic. We consider the full dipolar interaction and perform\nPath Integral Quantum Monte Carlo simulations using the Worm Algorithm. Besides\na superfluid phase, we find various solid and supersolid phases. We show that,\nunlike what was found previously for the case of nearest-neighboring\ninteraction, supersolid phases are stabilized not only by doping the solids\nwith particles but with holes as well. We further study the stability of these\nquantum phases against thermal fluctuations. Finally, we discuss pair formation\nand the stability of the pair checkerboard phase formed in a bilayer geometry,\nand suggest experimental conditions under which the pair checkerboard phase can\nbe observed.",
        "positive": "Projective approach to the entanglement entropy of 1-$d$ fermions: The entanglement entropy of two gapless non-interacting fermion subsystems is\ncomputed approximately in a way that avoids the introduction of replicas and a\ngeometric interpretation of the reduced density matrix. We exploit the\nsimilarity between the Schmidt basis wavefunction and superfluid BCS\nwavefunction and compute the entropy using the BCS approximation. Within this\nanalogy, the Cooper pairs are particle-hole pairs straddling the boundary and\nthe effective interaction between them is induced by the projection of the\nHilbert space onto the incomplete Schmidt basis. The resulting singular\ninteraction may be thought of as \"lifting\" the degeneracy of the single\nparticle distribution function. For two coupled fermion systems of linear size\n$L$, we solve the BCS gap equation approximately to find the entropy $S \\approx\n(w^2/t^2)\\log{L}$ where $w$ is the hopping amplitude at the boundary of the\nsubsystem and $2t$ is the bandwidth. We further interpret this result based\nupon the relationship between entanglement spectrum, entropy and number\nfluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Competitive cluster growth on networks: complex dynamics and survival\n  strategies: We extend the study of a model of competitive cluster growth in an active\nmedium to a basis of networks; this is done by adding nonlocal connections with\nprobability $p$ to sites on a regular lattice, thus enabling one to interpolate\nbetween regularity and full randomness. The model on networks demonstrates high\nsensitivity to small changes in initial configurations, which we characterize\nusing damage spreading. The main focus of this paper is, however, the devising\nof survival strategies through selective networking, to alter the the fate of\nan arbitrarily chosen cluster: whether this be to revive a dying cluster to\nlife, or to make a weak survivor into a stronger one. Although such goals are\ntypically achieved by networking with relatively small clusters, our results\nsuggest that it ought to be possible also to network with peers and larger\nclusters. The main indication of this comes from the probability distributions\nof mass differences between survivors and their immediate neighbours, which\nshow an astonishing universality; they suggest strategies for winning against\nthe odds.",
        "positive": "Recursion relations for the partition function of the two-dimensional\n  Ising model: The partition function of the two-dimensional Ising model on a square lattice\nwith nearest-neighbour interactions and periodic boundary conditions is\ninvestigated. Kaufman [Phys. Rev. 76, 1232--1243 (1949)] gave a solution for\nthis function consisting of four summands. The summands are rewritten as\nfunctions of a low-temperature expansion variable, resulting in polynomials\nwith integer coefficients. Considering these polynomials for system sizes\n$2^m\\times 2^n$ ($m,n\\in\\N$), a variety of recursion relations in $m,n$ are\nfound. The recursions reveal a rich structure of the partition function and can\nbe employed to render the computer algebra calculation of the microcanonical\npartition function more efficient."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partial Equilibration Scenario in 3D athermal martensites quenched below\n  first-order transition temperatures: To test a Partial Equilibration Scenario (PES) of Ritort and colleagues, we\ndo Monte Carlo simulations of discretized-strain spin models, for four 3D\nmartensitic structural transitions under quenches to a bath temperature $T\n<T_0$ below a first-order transition. The ageing system faces entropy barriers,\nin {\\it searches} for energy-lowering passages between quasi-microcanonical\nenergy shells. We confirm the PES signature of an exponential-tail distribution\nof intermittent heat releases to the bath, scaled in an effective temperature,\nthat in our case, depends on the quench. When its inverse $\\beta_{eff} (T)\n\\equiv 1/T_{eff} (T) $ vanishes below a `martensite start' temperature $T_1$ of\navalanche conversions, then entropy barriers vanish. When this search\ntemperature $T_{eff} (T)$ vanishes, PES cooling is arrested, as entropy\nbarriers diverge. We find a {\\it linear} vanishing of $T_{eff}(T)\\sim T_d -T$,\nbelow a delay-divergence temperature $T_d$ in between, $T_1 < T_d < T_0$.\nMartensitic conversion delays $e^{1/T_{eff}} \\sim e^{1/(T_d -T)}$ thus have\nVogel-Fulcher-Tammann like divergences. Post-quench delay data extracted from\nsimulations and athermal martensitic alloys, are both consistent with\npredictions.",
        "positive": "Geometrical detection of weak non-Gaussianity upon coarse-graining: Measures of the non-Gaussianity of a random field depend on how accurately\none is able to measure the field. If a signal measured at a certain point is to\nbe averaged with its surroundings, or coarse-grained, the magnitude of its\nnon-Gaussian component can vary. In this article, we investigate the variation\nof the \"apparent\" non-Gaussianity, as a function of the coarse-graining length,\nwhen we measure non-Gaussianity using the statistics of extrema in the field.\nWe derive how the relative difference between maxima and minima -- which is a\ngeometrical measure of the field's non-Gaussianity -- behaves as the field is\ncoarse-grained over increasingly larger length scales. Measuring this function\ncan give extra information about the non-Gaussian statistics and facilitate its\ndetection."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal potentials for temperature ratchets: In a spatially periodic temperature profile, directed transport of an\noverdamped Brownian particle can be induced along a periodic potential. With a\nload force applied to the particle, this setup can perform as a heat engine.\nFor a given load, the optimal potential maximizes the current and thus the\npower output of the heat engine. We calculate the optimal potential for\ndifferent temperature profiles and show that in the limit of a periodic\npiecewise constant temperature profile alternating between two temperatures,\nthe optimal potential leads to a divergent current. This divergence, being an\neffect of both the overdamped limit and the infinite temperature gradient at\nthe interface, would be cut off in any real experiment.",
        "positive": "Random matrix ensembles with column/row constraints: part I: We analyze statistical properties of the complex system with conditions which\nmanifests through specific constraints on the column/row sum of the matrix\nelements. The presence of additional constraints besides symmetry leads to new\ncorrelations among eigenfunctions, hinders their complete delocalization and\naffects the eigenvalues too. Our results reveal a rich behavior hidden beneath\nthe spectral statistics and also indicate the presence of a new universality\nclass analogous to that of a Brownian ensemble appearing between Poisson and\nGaussian orthogonal ensemble."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transition between the stick and slip states in a simplified model of\n  magnetic friction: We introduce a simplified model of magnetic friction, and investigate its\nbehavior using both numerical and analytical methods. When resistance\ncoefficient $\\gamma$ is large, the movement of the system obeys the thermally\nactivated process. In contrast, when $\\gamma$ is sufficiently small, the slip\nand stick states behave as separate metastable states, and the lattice velocity\ndepends on the probability that the slip state appears. We evaluate the\nvelocities in both cases using several approximations and compare the results\nwith those of numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Single-particle excitations and the order parameter for a trapped\n  superfluid Fermi gas: We reveal a strong influence of a superfluid phase transition on the\ncharacter of single-particle excitations of a trapped neutral-atom Fermi gas.\nBelow the transition temperature the presence of a spatially inhomogeneous\norder parameter (gap) shifts up the excitation eigenenergies and leads to the\nappearance of in-gap excitations localized in the outer part of the gas sample.\nThe eigenenergies become sensitive to the gas temperature and are no longer\nmultiples of the trap frequencies. These features should manifest themselves in\na strong change of the density oscillations induced by modulations of the trap\nfrequencies and can be used for identifying the superfluid phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Encounter-based approach to target search problems: a review: In this review, we present the encounter-based approach to target search\nproblems, in which the diffusive dynamics is described by the joint probability\nof the position of the particle and the number of its encounters with a given\ntarget set. The knowledge of the statistics of encounters allows one to\nimplement various mechanisms of reactions on the target set, beyond\nconventional reaction schemes. We formulate this approach for three relevant\nsettings: discrete random walks, Brownian motion with bulk reactions, and\nreflected Brownian motion with surface reactions. In all cases, we discuss the\nadvantages of this approach, its recent applications and possible extensions.",
        "positive": "Dichotomous Markov noise: Exact results for out-of-equilibrium systems.\n  A review: Nonequilibrium systems driven by additive or multiplicative dichotomous\nMarkov noise appear in a wide variety of physical and mathematical models. We\nreview here some prototypical examples, with an emphasis on {\\em\nanalytically-solvable} situations. In particular, it has escaped attention till\nrecently that the standard results for the long-time properties of such systems\ncannot be applied when unstable fixed points are crossed in the asymptotic\nregime. We show how calculations have to be modified to deal with these cases\nand present a few relevant applications -- the hypersensitive transport, the\nrocking ratchet, and the stochastic Stokes' drift. These results reinforce the\nimpression that dichotomous noise can be put on a par with Gaussian white noise\nas far as obtaining analytical results is concerned. They convincingly\nillustrate the interplay between noise and nonlinearity in generating\nnontrivial behaviors of nonequilibrium systems and point to various practical\napplications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The critical compressibility factor value: associative fluids and liquid\n  alkali metals: We show how to obtain the critical compressibility factor $Z_c$ for simple\nand associative Lennard-Jones fluids using the critical characteristics of the\nIsing model on different lattices. The explanation for the results on the\ncritical point line of the Lennard-Jones fluids and liquid metals is proposed\nwithin the global isomorphism approach.",
        "positive": "The Boltzmann temperature and Lagrange multiplier: We consider the relation between the Boltzmann temperature and the Lagrange\nmultipliers associated with energy average in the nonextensive\nthermostatistics. In Tsallis' canonical ensemble, the Boltzmann temperature\ndepends on energy through the probability distribution unless $q=1$. It is\nshown that the so-called 'physical temperature' introduced in [Phys. Lett. A\n\\textbf{281} (2001) 126] is nothing but the ensemble average of the Boltzmann\ntemperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An empirical partition function for the simple cubic Ising Model with a\n  zero external magnetic field: There is no an accepted exact partition function (PF) for the three\ndimensional (3D) Ising model to our knowledge. Mainly based on the connection\nbetween the lattice Green function (LGF) for the simple cubic lattice and that\nfor the honeycomb lattice, we infer an empirical partition function (EPF) for\nthe simple cubic Ising model in the absence of an external magnetic field. This\n${\\rm EPF}_{_{\\rm 3D}}=\\frac{1}{{2{\\pi ^3}}}\\int_0^\\pi \\int_0^\\pi \\int_0^\\pi\n\\log [2(2{{\\cosh }^3}2z + 3{{\\sinh }^2}2z + 2)^{\\frac{1}{2}} -2\\alpha\\sinh 2z \\\n(\\cos\\omega_1 + \\cos \\omega_2 + \\cos\\omega_3)]\n{\\rm{d}}\\omega_1{\\rm{d}}\\omega_2{\\rm{d}}\\omega_3, \\alpha\\in[\\sqrt{2},\\sqrt{3}]$\n(where $z=\\frac{\\epsilon}{kT}$, $\\epsilon$ the interaction energy, $T$ the\ntemperature, and $k$ Boltzmann constant). When $\\alpha=\\sqrt{2}$, this EPF is\nconsistent well numerically with the result from high temperature expansions by\nGuttmann and Enting (1993). The specific heat from this EPF approaches infinity\nnon-logarithmically at the critical temperature $T_c$.\n$\\frac{\\epsilon}{kT_c}=\\cosh^{-1}[\\frac{1}{4} (17-3\\sqrt{17})]/2\\approx\n0.277212$, which is greater than 0.221654 from the recent Monte Carlo study.",
        "positive": "Optimized Monte Carlo Method for glasses: A new Monte Carlo algorithm is introduced for the simulation of supercooled\nliquids and glass formers, and tested in two model glasses. The algorithm is\nshown to thermalize well below the Mode Coupling temperature and to outperform\nother optimized Monte Carlo methods. Using the algorithm, we obtain finite size\neffects in the specific heat. This effect points to the existence of a large\ncorrelation length measurable in equal time correlation functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bethe approximation for the hydrogen-bonding self-avoiding walk in a\n  solvent: A square-lattice model for the formation of secondary structures in proteins,\nthe hydrogen-bonding model, extended to include the effects of solvent quality,\nis examined in the framework of the Bethe approximation.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium Shape of Crystals: This chapter discusses the equilibrium crystal shape (ECS) from a physical\nperspective, beginning with a historical introduction to the Wulff theorem. It\ntakes advantage of excellent prior reviews, particularly in the late 1980's,\nrecapping highlights from them. It contains many ideas and experiments\nsubsequent to those reviews. Alternatives to Wulff constructions are presented.\nControversies about the critical behavior near smooth edges on the ECS are\nrecounted, including the eventual resolution. Particular attention is devoted\nto the origin of sharp edges on the ECS, to the impact of reconstructed or\nadsorbed surface phases coexisting with unadorned phases, and to the role and\nnature of possible attractive step-step interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Folding of the Triangular Lattice in the FCC Lattice with Quenched\n  Random Spontaneous Curvature: We study the folding of the regular two-dimensional triangular lattice\nembedded in the regular three-dimensional Face Centered Cubic lattice, in the\npresence of quenched random spontaneous curvature. We consider two types of\nquenched randomness: (1) a ``physical'' randomness arising from a prior random\nfolding of the lattice, creating a prefered spontaneous curvature on the bonds;\n(2) a simple randomness where the spontaneous curvature is chosen at random\nindependently on each bond. We study the folding transitions of the two models\nwithin the hexagon approximation of the Cluster Variation Method. Depending on\nthe type of randomness, the system shows different behaviors. We finally\ndiscuss a Hopfield-like model as an extension of the physical randomness\nproblem to account for the case where several different configurations are\nstored in the prior pre-folding process.",
        "positive": "Depinning of an anisotropic interface in random media: The tilt effect: We study the tilt dependence of the pinning-depinning transition for an\ninterface described by the anisotropic quenched Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation in\n2+1 dimensions, where the two signs of the nonlinear terms are different from\neach other. When the substrate is tilted by m along the positive sign\ndirection, the critical force F_c(m) depends on m as F_c(m)-F_c(0) \\sim\n-|m|^{1.9(1)}. The interface velocity v near the critical force follows the\nscaling form v \\sim |f|^{\\theta}\\Psi_{\\pm}(m^2 /|f|^{\\theta+\\phi}) with \\theta\n= 0.9(1) and \\phi= 0.2(1), where f \\equiv F-F_c(0) and F is the driving force."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Higher Conformal Multifractality: We derive, from conformal invariance and quantum gravity, the multifractal\nspectrum f(alpha,c) of the harmonic measure (or electrostatic potential, or\ndiffusion field) near any conformally invariant fractal in two dimensions,\ncorresponding to a conformal field theory of central charge c. It gives the\nHausdorff dimension of the set of boundary points where the potential varies\nwith distance r to the fractal frontier as r^{alpha}. First examples are a\nBrownian frontier, a self-avoiding walk, or a percolation cluster. Potts, O(N)\nmodels, and the so-called SLE process are also considered. Higher multifractal\nfunctions are derived, like the universal function f_2(alpha,alpha') which\ngives the Hausdorff dimension of the points where the potential jointly varies\nwith distance r as r^{alpha} on one side of the random curve, and as r^{alpha'}\non the other. We present a duality between external perimeters of\n  Potts clusters and O(N) loops at their critical point, obtained in a former\nwork, as well as the corresponding duality in the SLE_{kappa} process for kappa\nkappa'=16.",
        "positive": "Critical behaviour of combinatorial search algorithms, and the\n  unitary-propagation universality class: The probability P(alpha, N) that search algorithms for random Satisfiability\nproblems successfully find a solution is studied as a function of the ratio\nalpha of constraints per variable and the number N of variables. P is shown to\nbe finite if alpha lies below an algorithm--dependent threshold alpha\\_A, and\nexponentially small in N above. The critical behaviour is universal for all\nalgorithms based on the widely-used unitary propagation rule: P[ (1 + epsilon)\nalpha\\_A, N] ~ exp[-N^(1/6) Phi(epsilon N^(1/3)) ]. Exponents are related to\nthe critical behaviour of random graphs, and the scaling function Phi is\nexactly calculated through a mapping onto a diffusion-and-death problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exit dynamics from Morse potential under thermal fluctuations: We study the dynamics of a Brownian particle in Morse potential under thermal\nfluctuations, modeled by Gaussian white noise whose amplitude depends on\nabsolute temperature. Dynamics of such a particle is investigated by\nnumerically integrating the corresponding Langevin equation. From the mean\nfirst passage time (escape time), we study the dependence of Kramer's rate on\ntemperature and viscosity of the medium. An approximate expression for the\nreaction rate is found by solving differential equation for the mean first\npassage time. The expression shows a temperature dependent pre-factor for the\nArrhenius equation. Our numerical simulations are in agreement with analytical\napproximations.",
        "positive": "Anomalous condensate fluctuations in strongly interacting superfluids: We show that the condensate occupation of a superfluid Bose liquid quite\ngenerally exhibits anomalously large fluctuations at finite temperatures. In\nthree dimensions, the variance scales like T^2 V^{4/3} at low T, generalizing\nthe result obtained by Giorgini, Pitaevskii, and Stringari for a weakly\ninteracting Bose gas. In two dimensions there is only a quasicondensate, and\nthe fluctuations are of the same order as the mean value."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of secondary structures formed by random RNA\n  sequences: The formation of secondary structures by a random RNA sequence is studied as\na model system for the sequence-structure problem omnipresent in biopolymers.\nSeveral toy energy models are introduced to allow detailed analytical and\nnumerical studies. First, a two-replica calculation is performed. By mapping\nthe two-replica problem to the denaturation of a single homogeneous RNA in\n6-dimensional embedding space, we show that sequence disorder is perturbatively\nirrelevant, i.e., an RNA molecule with weak sequence disorder is in a molten\nphase where many secondary structures with comparable total energy coexist. A\nnumerical study of various models at high temperature reproduces behaviors\ncharacteristic of the molten phase. On the other hand, a scaling argument based\non the extremal statistics of rare regions can be constructed to show that the\nlow temperature phase is unstable to sequence disorder. We performed a detailed\nnumerical study of the low temperature phase using the droplet theory as a\nguide, and characterized the statistics of large-scale, low-energy excitations\nof the secondary structures from the ground state structure. We find the\nexcitation energy to grow very slowly (i.e., logarithmically) with the length\nscale of the excitation, suggesting the existence of a marginal glass phase.\nThe transition between the low temperature glass phase and the high temperature\nmolten phase is also characterized numerically. It is revealed by a change in\nthe coefficient of the logarithmic excitation energy, from being disorder\ndominated to entropy dominated.",
        "positive": "Characterization of Sleep Stages by Correlations of Heartbeat Increments: We study correlation properties of the magnitude and the sign of the\nincrements in the time intervals between successive heartbeats during light\nsleep, deep sleep, and REM sleep using the detrended fluctuation analysis\nmethod. We find short-range anticorrelations in the sign time series, which are\nstrong during deep sleep, weaker during light sleep and even weaker during REM\nsleep. In contrast, we find long-range positive correlations in the magnitude\ntime series, which are strong during REM sleep and weaker during light sleep.\nWe observe uncorrelated behavior for the magnitude during deep sleep. Since the\nmagnitude series relates to the nonlinear properties of the original time\nseries, while the signs series relates to the linear properties, our findings\nsuggest that the nonlinear properties of the heartbeat dynamics are more\npronounced during REM sleep. Thus, the sign and the magnitude series provide\ninformation which is useful in distinguishing between the sleep stages."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transient backbending behavior in the Ising model with fixed\n  magnetization: The physical origin of the backbendings in the equations of state of finite\nbut not necessarily small systems is studied in the Ising model with fixed\nmagnetization (IMFM) by means of the topological properties of the observable\ndistributions and the analysis of the largest cluster with increasing lattice\nsize. Looking at the convexity anomalies of the IMFM thermodynamic potential,\nit is shown that the order of the transition at the thermodynamic limit can be\nrecognized in finite systems independently of the lattice size. General\nstatistical mechanics arguments and analytical calculations suggest that the\nbackbending in the caloric curve is a transient behaviour which should not\nconverge to a plateau in the thermodynamic limit, while the first order\ntransition is signalled by a discontinuity in other observables.",
        "positive": "Measuring Many-Body Distribution Functions in Fluids using Test-Particle\n  Insertion: We derive a hierarchy of equations which allow a general $n$-body\ndistribution function to be measured by test-particle insertion of between $1$\nand $n$ particles, and successfully apply it to measure the pair and three-body\ndistribution functions in a simple fluid. The insertion-based methods overcome\nthe drawbacks of the conventional distance-histogram approach, offering\nenhanced structural resolution and a more straightforward normalisation. They\nwill be especially useful in characterising the structure of inhomogeneous\nfluids and investigating closure approximations in liquid state theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy Multiparticle Correlation Expansion for a Crystal: As first shown by H. S. Green in 1952, the entropy of a classical fluid of\nidentical particles can be written as a sum of many-particle contributions,\neach of them being a distinctive functional of all spatial distribution\nfunctions up to a given order. By revisiting the combinatorial derivation of\nthe entropy formula, we argue that a similar correlation expansion holds for\nthe entropy of a crystalline system. We discuss how one- and two-body entropies\nscale with the size of the crystal, and provide fresh numerical data to check\nthe expectation, grounded on theoretical arguments, that both entropies are\nextensive quantities.",
        "positive": "In an Ising model with spin-exchange dynamics damage always spreads: We investigate the spreading of damage in Ising models with Kawasaki\nspin-exchange dynamics which conserves the magnetization. We first modify a\nrecent master equation approach to account for dynamic rules involving more\nthan a single site. We then derive an effective-field theory for damage\nspreading in Ising models with Kawasaki spin-exchange dynamics and solve it for\na two-dimensional model on a honeycomb lattice. In contrast to the cases of\nGlauber or heat-bath dynamics, we find that the damage always spreads and never\nheals. In the long-time limit the average Hamming distance approaches that of\ntwo uncorrelated systems. These results are verified by Monte-Carlo\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the efficiency of heat engines at the micro-scale and below: We investigate the thermodynamic efficiency of sub-micro-scale heat engines\noperating under the conditions described by over-damped stochastic\nthermodynamics. We prove that at maximum power the efficiency obeys for\nconstant isotropic mobility the universal law $\\eta=2\\,\\eta_{C}/(4-\\eta_{C})$\nwhere $\\eta_{C}$ is the efficiency of an ideal Carnot cycle. The corresponding\npower optimizing protocol is specified by the solution of an optimal mass\ntransport problem. Such solution can be determined explicitly using well known\nMonge--Amp\\`ere--Kantorovich reconstruction algorithms. Furthermore, we show\nthat the same law describes the efficiency of heat engines operating at maximum\nwork over short time periods. Finally, we illustrate the straightforward\nextension of these results to cases when the mobility is anisotropic and\ntemperature dependent.",
        "positive": "Violation of Fundamental Thermodynamic Law or Invalid Microstate\n  Densities?: It is often incorrectly assumed that the number of microstates \\Omega\n(E,V,N,...) available to an isolated system can have arbitrary dependence on\nthe extensive variables E,V,N, .... However, this is not the case for natural\nsystems which can reach thermodynamic equilibrium since restrictions exist\narising from the underlying equilibrium axioms of independence and \\it{a\npriori} equal probability of microstate, and the fundamental constants of\nNature. Here we derive a concise formula specifying the condition on \\Omega\nwhich must be met for real systems. Models which do not respect this condition\nwill present inconsistencies when treated under equilibrium thermodynamic\nformalism. This has relevance to a number of recent models in which negative\nheat capacity and violation of fundamental thermodynamic law have been\nreported. Natural quantum systems obey the axioms and abide by the fundamental\nconstants, and thus natural systems, in the absence of infinite range forces,\ncan, in principle, attain thermodynamic equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality classes of non-Hermitian random matrices: Non-Hermitian random matrices have been utilized in such diverse fields as\ndissipative and stochastic processes, mesoscopic physics, nuclear physics, and\nneural networks. However, the only known universal level-spacing statistics is\nthat of the Ginibre ensemble characterized by complex-conjugation symmetry.\nHere we report our discovery of two other distinct universality classes\ncharacterized by transposition symmetry. We find that transposition symmetry\nalters repulsive interactions between two neighboring eigenvalues and deforms\ntheir spacing distribution. Such alteration is not possible with other\nsymmetries including Ginibre's complex-conjugation symmetry which can affect\nonly nonlocal correlations. Our results complete the non-Hermitian counterpart\nof Wigner-Dyson's threefold universal statistics of Hermitian random matrices\nand serve as a basis for characterizing nonintegrability and chaos in open\nquantum systems with symmetry.",
        "positive": "Out of equilibrium thermal Casimir effect in a model polarizable\n  material: Relaxation of the thermal Casimir or van der Waals force for a model\ndielectric medium is investigated. We start with a model of interacting\npolarization fields with a dynamics that leads to a frequency dependent\ndielectric constant of the Debye form. In the static limit the usual zero\nfrequency Matsubara mode component of the Casimir force is recovered. We then\nconsider the out of equilibrium relaxation of the van der Waals force to its\nequilibrium value when two initially uncorrelated dielectric bodies are brought\ninto sudden proximity. It is found that the spatial dependence of the out of\nequilibrium force is the same as the equilibrium one but it has a time\ndependent amplitude, or Hamaker coefficient, which increases in time to its\nequilibrium value. The final relaxation to the equilibrium value is exponential\nin systems with a single or finite number of polarization field relaxation\ntimes. However, in systems, such as those described by the Havriliak-Negami\ndielectric constant, with a broad distribution of relaxation times, we observe\na much slower power law decay to the equilibrium value."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Static properties of 2D spin-ice as a sixteen-vertex model: We present a thorough study of the static properties of 2D models of spin-ice\ntype on the square lattice or, in other words, the sixteen-vertex model. We use\nextensive Monte Carlo simulations to determine the phase diagram and critical\nproperties of the finite dimensional system. We put forward a suitable\nmean-field approximation, by defining the model on carefully chosen trees. We\nemploy the cavity (Bethe-Peierls) method to derive self-consistent equations,\nthe fixed points of which yield the equilibrium properties of the model on the\ntree-like graph. We compare mean-field and finite dimensional results. We\ndiscuss our findings in the context of experiments in artificial two\ndimensional spin ice.",
        "positive": "Exact relaxation to Gibbs and non-equilibrium steady states in the\n  quantum cellular automaton Rule 54: We study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the quantum cellular automaton\nRule 54 using a time-channel approach. We exhibit a family of (non-equilibrium)\nproduct states for which we are able to describe exactly the full relaxation\ndynamics. We use this to prove that finite subsystems relax to a one-parameter\nfamily of Gibbs states. We also consider inhomogeneous quenches. Specifically,\nwe show that when the two halves of the system are prepared in two different\nsolvable states, finite subsystems at finite distance from the centre\neventually relax to the non-equilibrium steady state (NESS) predicted by\ngeneralised hydrodynamics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first\nexact description of the relaxation to a NESS in an interacting system and,\ntherefore, the first independent confirmation of generalised hydrodynamics for\nan inhomogeneous quench."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Melting Transition of Vortex Lattice in Point Vortex Systems: Point vortices take a triangular lattice structure in a rotating system as a\nminimum energy state. We perform a numerical simulation of point vortex systems\nusing initial conditions indicating that the triangular lattice is randomly\nperturbed. The total energy increases with the magnitude of the perturbation.\nWhen the energy is increased, the vortex lattice becomes irregular and a\nlayered structure appears. When the energy is further increased, the layered\nstructure disappears and a liquidlike state appears. We interpret the melting\ntransition with a mean-field approximation for layered structures.",
        "positive": "Parametric Resonance Phenomena in Bose-Einstein Condensates: Breaking of\n  Macroscopic Quantum Self-Trapping: We analyze the periodic tunneling of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a\ndouble-well potential which has an oscillating energy barrier. We show that the\ndynamics of the Bose condensate critically depends on the frequency $\\omega$ of\nthe oscillating energy barrier. In the regime of periodic macroscopic quantum\ntunneling (PMQT) with frequency $\\omega_J$, the population imbalance of the\ncondensate in the two wells can be enhanced under the condition of parametric\nresonance $\\omega = 2 \\omega_J$. Instead, in the regime of macroscopic quantum\nself-trapping (MQST), we find that MQST can be reduced or suppressed under the\ncondition of parametric resonance between the frequency $\\omega$ of the energy\nbarrier and the frequency $\\omega_{ST}$ of oscillation through the barrier of\nthe very small fraction of particles which remain untrapped during MQST."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extending Landauer's Bound from Bit Erasure to Arbitrary Computation: Recent analyses have calculated the minimal thermodynamic work required to\nperform a computation pi when two conditions hold: the output of pi is\nindependent of its input (e.g., as in bit erasure); we use a physical computer\nC to implement pi that is specially tailored to the environment of C, i.e., to\nthe precise distribution over C's inputs, P_0. First I extend these analyses to\ncalculate the work required even if the output of pi depends on its input, and\neven if C is not used with the distribution P_0 it was tailored for. Next I\nshow that if C will be re-used, then the minimal work to run it depends only on\nthe logical computation pi, independent of the physical details of C. This\nestablishes a formal identity between the thermodynamics of (re-usable)\ncomputers and theoretical computer science. I use this identity to prove that\nthe minimal work required to compute a bit string sigma on a \"general purpose\ncomputer\" rather than a special purpose one, i.e., on a universal Turing\nmachine U, is k_BT ln(2) times the sum of three terms: The Kolmogorov\ncomplexity of sigma, log of the Bernoulli measure of the set of strings that\ncompute sigma, and log of the halting probability of U. I also prove that using\nC with a distribution over environments results in an unavoidable increase in\nthe work required to run the computer, even if it is tailored to the\ndistribution over environments. I end by using these results to relate the free\nenergy flux incident on an organism / robot / biosphere to the maximal amount\nof computation that the organism / robot / biosphere can do per unit time.",
        "positive": "Integral decomposition for the solutions of the generalized Cattaneo\n  equation: We present the integral decomposition for the fundamental solution of the\ngeneralized Cattaneo equation with both time derivatives smeared through\nconvoluting them with some memory kernels. For power-law kernels $t^{-\\alpha}$,\n$\\alpha\\in(0,1]$ this equation becomes the time fractional one governed by the\nCaputo derivatives which highest order is 2. To invert the solutions from the\nFourier-Laplace domain to the space-time domain we use analytic methods based\non the Efross theorem and find out that solutions looked for are represented by\nintegral decompositions which tangle the fundamental solution of the standard\nCattaneo equation with non-negative and normalizable functions being uniquely\ndependent on the memory kernels. Furthermore, the use of methodology arising\nfrom the theory of complete Bernstein functions allows us to assign such\nconstructed integral decompositions the interpretation of subordination. This\nfact is preserved in two limit cases built into the generalized Cattaneo\nequations, i.e., either the diffusion or the wave equations. We point out that\napplying the Efross theorem enables us to go beyond the standard approach which\nusually leads to the integral decompositions involving the Gaussian\ndistribution describing the Brownian motion. Our approach clarifies puzzling\nsituation which takes place for the power-law kernels $t^{-\\alpha}$ for which\nthe subordination based on the Brownian motion does not work if\n$\\alpha\\in(1/2,1]$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diagonal patterns and chevron effect in intersecting traffic flows: We study a lattice model of two perpendicular intersecting flows of\npedestrians represented by hard core particles of two types, eastbound\n(`$\\pE$') and northbound (`$\\pN$'). Each flow takes place on a strip of width\n$M$ so that the intersection is an $M\\times M$ square lattice. In experiment\nand simulation there occurs on this square spontaneous formation of a diagonal\npattern of alternating $\\pE$ and $\\pN$ particles. We show that this pattern\nformation may be understood in terms of a linear instability of the\ncorresponding mean field equations. A refined investigation reveals that the\npattern actually consists of chevrons rather than straight diagonals. We\nexplain this effect as the consequence of the existence of a nonlinear mode\nsustained by the interaction between the two types of particles.",
        "positive": "Evaluation of Pressure Tensor in Constant-Volume Simulations of Hard and\n  Soft Convex Bodies: A method for calculating the pressure tensor in constant-volume Monte Carlo\nsimulations of convex bodies is presented. In contrast to other approaches, the\nmethod requires only an isotropic scaling of the simulation box, and the\ncounting of simple geometric quantities characterizing overlapping pairs.\nNon-sphericity presents no special difficulties. The result is expressed as a\nsum of pairwise contributions, and can therefore be used to compute pressure\ntensor profiles in a conventional way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Front propagation versus bulk relaxation in the annealing dynamics of a\n  kinetically constrained model of ultrastable glasses: Glasses prepared by physical vapour deposition have been shown to be\nremarkably more stable than those prepared by standard cooling protocols, with\nproperties that appear to be similar to systems aged for extremely long times.\nWhen subjected to a rapid rise in temperature, ultrastable glasses anneal\ntowards the liquid in a qualitatively different manner than ordinary glasses,\nwith the seeming competition of different timescales and lengthscales. We\nnumerically reproduce the phenomenology of ultrastable glass annealing with a\nkinetically constrained model, a three dimensional East model with soft\nconstraints, in a setting where the bulk is in an ultrastable configuration and\na free surface is permanently excited. Annealing towards the liquid state is\ngiven by the competition between the ballistic propagation of a front from the\nfree surface and a much slower nucleation-like relaxation in the bulk. The\ncrossover between these mechanisms also explains the change in behaviour with\nfilm thickness seen experimentally.",
        "positive": "Characterization of ferrimagnetic Heisenberg chains according to the\n  constituent spins: The low-energy structure and the thermodynamic properties of ferrimagnetic\nHeisenberg chains of alternating spins $S$ and $s$ are investigated by the use\nof numerical tools as well as the spin-wave theory. The elementary excitations\nare calculated through an efficient quantum Monte Carlo technique featuring\nimaginary-time correlation functions and are characterized in terms of\ninteracting spin waves. The thermal behavior is analyzed with particular\nemphasis on its ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic dual aspect. The extensive\nnumerical and analytic calculations lead to the classification of the\none-dimensional ferrimagnetic behavior according to the constituent spins: the\nferromagnetic ($S>2s$), antiferromagnetic ($S<2s$), and balanced ($S=2s$)\nferrimagnetism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field-theoretic methods for systems of particles with exotic exclusion\n  statistics: We calculate the partition function of a gas of particles obeying Haldane\nexclusion statistics, using a definition of a Hilbert space having a\n`fractional dimension' and constructing appropriate coherent states. The\nfractional dimension is expressed though the form of the identity operator in\nthe Hilbert space. We find that there many possible generalisations of the\nPauli exclusion principle, with particular choices of the scalar product\nleading to consistency either with Haldane's original definition of the\neffective dimensionality of the Hilbert space or with the combinatorial\nprocedure invoked by Haldane and Wu. We explicitly demonstrate that at low\nparticle densities these definitions are equivalent.",
        "positive": "Quenched disorder in the contact process on bipartite sublattices: We study the effects of distinct types of quenched disorder in the contact\nprocess (CP) with a competitive dynamics on bipartite sublattices. In the\nmodel, the particle creation depends on its first and second neighbors and the\nextinction increases according to the local density. The clean (without\ndisorder) model exhibits three phases: inactive (absorbing), active symmetric\nand active asymmetric, where the latter exhibits distinct sublattice densities.\nThese phases are separated by continuous transitions; the phase diagram is\nreentrant. By performing mean field analysis and Monte Carlo simulations we\nshow that symmetric disorder destroys the sublattice ordering and therefore the\nactive asymmetric phase is not present. On the other hand, for asymmetric\ndisorder (each sublattice presenting a distinct dilution rate) the phase\ntransition occurs between the absorbing and the active asymmetric phases. The\nuniversality class of this transition is governed by the less disordered\nsublattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian asymmetric simple exclusion process: We study the driven Brownian motion of hard rods in a one-dimensional cosine\npotential with an amplitude large compared to the thermal energy. In a closed\nsystem, we find surprising features of the steady-state current in dependence\nof the particle density. The form of the current-density relation changes\ngreatly with the particle size and can exhibit both a local maximum and\nminimum. The changes are caused by an interplay of a barrier reduction,\nblocking and exchange symmetry effect. The latter leads to a current equal to\nthat of non-interacting particles for a particle size commensurate with the\nperiod length of the cosine potential. For an open system coupled to particle\nreservoirs, we predict five different phases of non-equilibrium steady states\nto occur. Our results show that the particle size can be of crucial importance\nfor non-equilibrium phase transitions in driven systems. Possible experiments\nfor demonstrating our findings are pointed out.",
        "positive": "Multifractal Structure of the Harmonic Measure of Diffusion Limited\n  Aggregates: The method of iterated conformal maps allows to study the harmonic measure of\nDiffusion Limited Aggregates with unprecedented accuracy. We employ this method\nto explore the multifractal properties of the measure, including the scaling of\nthe measure in the deepest fjords that were hitherto screened away from any\nnumerical probing. We resolve probabilities as small as $10^{-35}$, and present\nan accurate determination of the generalized dimensions and the spectrum of\nsingularities. We show that the generalized dimensions $D_q$ are infinite for\n$q<q^*$, where $q^*$ is of the order of -0.2. In the language of $f(\\alpha)$\nthis means that $\\alpha_{max}$ is finite. The $f(\\alpha)$ curve loses\nanalyticity (the phenomenon of \"phase transition\") at $\\alpha_{max}$ and a\nfinite value of $f(\\alpha_{max})$. We consider the geometric structure of the\nregions that support the lowest parts of the harmonic measure, and thus offer\nan explanation for the phase transition, rationalizing the value of $q^*$ and\n$f(\\alpha_{max})$. We thus offer a satisfactory physical picture of the scaling\nproperties of this multifractal measure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Colored Noise in Quantum Chaos: We derive a set of spectral statistics whose power spectrum is characterized,\nin the case of chaotic quantum systems, by colored noise $1/f^{\\gamma}$, where\nthe integer parameter $\\gamma$ critically depends on the specific energy-level\nstatistic considered. In the case of regular quantum systems these spectral\nstatistics show $1/f^{\\gamma+1}$ noise.",
        "positive": "Photophoresis on particles hotter/colder than the ambient gas in the\n  free molecular flow: Aerosol particles experience significant photophoretic forces at low\npressure. Previous work assumed the average particle temperature to be very\nclose to the gas temperature. This might not always be the case. If the\nparticle temperature or the thermal radiation field differs significantly from\nthe gas temperature (optically thin gases), given approximations overestimate\nthe photophoretic force by an order of magnitude on average with maximum errors\nup to more than three magnitudes. We therefore developed a new general\napproximation which on average only differs by 1 % from the true value."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reconceptualising equilibrium in Boltzmannian statistical mechanics and\n  characterising its existence: In Boltzmannian statistical mechanics macro-states supervene on micro-states.\nThis leads to a partitioning of the state space of a system into regions of\nmacroscopically indistinguishable micro-states. The largest of these regions is\nsingled out as the equilibrium region of the system. What justifies this\nassociation? We review currently available answers to this question and find\nthem wanting both for conceptual and for technical reasons. We propose a new\nconception of equilibrium and prove a mathematical theorem which establishes in\nfull generality -- i.e. without making any assumptions about the system's\ndynamics or the nature of the interactions between its components -- that the\nequilibrium macro-region is the largest macro-region. We then turn to the\nquestion of the approach to equilibrium, of which there exists no satisfactory\ngeneral answer so far. In our account, this question is replaced by the\nquestion when an equilibrium state exists. We prove another -- again fully\ngeneral -- theorem providing necessary and sufficient conditions for the\nexistence of an equilibrium state. This theorem changes the way in which the\nquestion of the approach to equilibrium should be discussed: rather than\nlaunching a search for a crucial factor (such as ergodicity or typicality), the\nfocus should be on finding triplets of macro-variables, dynamical conditions,\nand effective state spaces that satisfy the conditions of the theorem.",
        "positive": "Heat fluctuations and initial ensembles: Time-integrated quantities such as work and heat increase incessantly in time\nduring nonequilibrium processes near steady states. In the long-time limit, the\naverage values of work and heat become asymptotically equivalent to each other,\nsince they only differ by a finite energy change in average. However, the\nfluctuation theorem (FT) for the heat is found not to hold with the equilibrium\ninitial ensemble, while the FT for the work holds. This reveals an intriguing\neffect of everlasting initial memory stored in rare events. We revisit the\nproblem of a Brownian particle in a harmonic potential dragged with a constant\nvelocity, which is in contact with a thermal reservoir. The heat and work\nfluctuations are investigated with initial Boltzmann ensembles at temperatures\ngenerally different from the reservoir temperature. We find that, in the\ninfinite-time limit, the FT for the work is fully recovered for arbitrary\ninitial temperatures, while the heat fluctuations significantly deviate from\nthe FT characteristics except for the infinite initial-temperature limit (a\nuniform initial ensemble). Furthermore, we succeed in calculating finite-time\ncorrections to the heat and work distributions analytically, using the modified\nsaddle point integral method recently developed by us. Interestingly, we find\nnon-commutativity between the infinite-time limit and the\ninfinite-initial-temperature limit for the probability distribution function\n(PDF) of the heat."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Mixed Spin 3 - Spin 3/2 Ferrimagnetic Ising Model on Cellular\n  Automaton: The mixed spin 3- spin 3/2 Ising model has been simulated using cooling\nalgorithm on cellular automaton (CA). The simulations have been made in the\ninterval -6<=D<=6 for J=1 for the square lattices with periodic boundary\nconditions. The ground state phase diagram of the model has different type\nferrimagnetic orderings. Through D/J=2 line, compensation points occurs at\nkT/J=0. The values of the critical exponents ( {\\nu}, {\\alpha}, {\\beta} and\n{\\gamma}) are estimated within the framework of the finite-size scaling theory\nand power law relations for selected D/J values (-2, 0, 1, 2 and 4). The\nestimated critical exponent values are in a good agreement with their universal\nvalues of the two dimensional Ising model.",
        "positive": "Superfluid transition of the second layer of He-4 on graphite: does\n  substrate corrugation matter?: The second layer of He-4 adsorbed on a graphite substrate is studied by\nQuantum Monte Carlo simulations. We make use of a microscopic model of the\nsubstrate fully accounting for its corrugation, and compare the results to\nthose obtained with a smooth substrate. The only effect of corrugation is a\n~20% reduction of the value of the superfluid fraction of the top layer, in the\nlimit of zero temperature. No evidence of any commensurate (7/12) crystalline\nand/or \"supersolid\" phase is found; the superfluid transition temperature is\nestimated to be ~ 0.75 K. We discuss the implication of these findings on the\ninterpretation of recent experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simultaneous sampling of multiple transition channels using adaptive\n  paths of collective variables: We present a molecular simulation method to simultaneously find multiple\ntransition pathways, and their associated free-energy profiles. The scheme\nextends path-metadynamics (PMD) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 020601 (2012)] with\nmultiple paths and repulsive walkers (multiPMD). We illustrate multiPMD for two\nC7eq-to-C7ax paths in Ace-Ala-Nme and six PPII-to-PPII paths in Ace-(Pro)4-Nme.\nWe also show a scheme to render an interpretable \"PathMap\", showing the free\nenergy ridges between paths, as well as the branching and merging of the\ntransition channels. MultiPMD is a flexible and promising method for systems\nwith competing or controversial pathways, which appear in many biomolecular\nsystems, including proteins and nucleic acids.",
        "positive": "Replica symmetry breaking for anisotropic magnets with quenched disorder: We study critical behaviour of a magnet with cubic anisotropy and quenched\nscalar disorder which is taken into account by replica method. We derive to\nfirst order in $\\epsilon$ approximation the renormalization group equations\ntaking into account possible replica symmetry breaking. We study the stability\nof the replica symmetric fixed points with respect to perturbations without (in\ngeneral case) replica symmetry. However, we find that if a fixed point is\nstable with respect to replica symmetric deviations, it is also stable with\nrespect to deviations without replica symmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Length Scales and Power Laws in the Two-Dimensional Forest-Fire Model: We re-examine a two-dimensional forest-fire model via Monte-Carlo simulations\nand show the existence of two length scales with different critical exponents\nassociated with clusters and with the usual two-point correlation function of\ntrees. We check resp. improve previously obtained values for other critical\nexponents and perform a first investigation of the critical behaviour of the\nslowest relaxational mode. We also investigate the possibility of describing\nthe critical point in terms of a distribution of the global density. We find\nthat some qualitative features such as a temporal oscillation and a power law\nof the cluster-size distribution can nicely be obtained from such a model that\ndiscards the spatial structure.",
        "positive": "Reply to Dhar's comment on \"Can disorder induce a finite thermal\n  conductivity in 1D lattices\": In his comment, Dhar (cond-mat/0106349) claims that the existence and\nuniqueness of a nonequilibrium stationary state has been proved by Lebowitz et\nal. We should point out that our observation does not contradict the proof.\nThey have only proved that when a (mass) disordered harmonic chain is placed in\ncontact with stochastic reservoirs of the Langevin type, a nonequilibrium\nstationary state can be reached. However, they didn't prove the existence and\nuniqueness of the nonequilibrium stationary state for the general case, namely,\nwhen the chain is in contact with general thermostated reservoirs (see Bonneto\net al. math-ph/0002052)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Measurable Consequences of the Local Breakdown of the Concept of\n  Temperature: Local temperature defined by a local canonical state of the respective\nsubsystem, does not always exist in quantum many body systems. Here, we give\nsome examples of how this breakdown of the temperature concept on small length\nscales might be observed in experiments: Measurements of magnetic properties of\nan anti-ferromagnetic spin-1 chain. We show that those magnetic properties are\nin fact strictly local. As a consequence their measurement reveals whether the\nlocal (reduced) state can be thermal. If it is, a temperature may be associated\nto the measurement results, while this would lead to inconsistencies otherwise.",
        "positive": "Statistical and dynamical properties of polarised crowd: We present a minimal computational model to mimic the crowd in marathon race.\nWe aim to examine the influence of frontliners on crowd dynamics by comparing\nthe simulated races with and without their presence. The primary outcome of our\nstudy revealed that the local velocity and density of the participants exhibit\na wave pattern similar to what is observed in actual races. Another important\nresult we obtained is that the travelling wave in the crowd consistently\npropagates with a constant speed, irrespective of the system size under\nconsideration. The dynamic of participants in the longitudinal direction mainly\ncontributes for the velocity fluctuation and the fluctuation in the transverse\ndirection is suppressed. In the absence of frontliners, the fluctuations in\ndensity and velocity weakens without significantly influencing the other\nstatistical and dynamical characteristics of the crowd. It is also observed\nthat the density wave travels faster than the velocity wave. Through this\nresearch, we aim to enhance our understanding of crowd motion, which can inform\nthe development of effective crowd management strategies and contribute to the\nsuccessful control of such events."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fast and slow thermal processes in harmonic scalar lattices: An approach for analytical description of thermal processes in harmonic\nlattices is presented. We cover longitudinal and transverse vibrations of\nchains and out-of-plane vibrations of two-dimensional lattices with\ninteractions of an arbitrary number of neighbors. Motion of each particle is\ngoverned by a single scalar equation and therefore the notion \"scalar lattice\"\nis used. Evolution of initial temperature field in an infinite lattice is\ninvestigated. An exact equation describing the evolution is derived.\nContinualization of this equation with respect to spatial coordinates is\ncarried out. The resulting continuum equation is solved analytically. The\nsolution shows that the kinetic temperature is represented as the sum of two\nterms, one describing short time behavior, the other large time behavior. At\nshort times, the temperature performs high-frequency oscillations caused by\nredistribution of energy among kinetic and potential forms (fast process).\nCharacteristic time of this process is of order of ten periods of atomic\nvibrations. At large times, changes of the temperature are caused by ballistic\nheat transfer (slow process). The temperature field is represented as a\nsuperposition of waves having the shape of initial temperature distribution and\npropagating with group velocities dependent on the wave vector. Expressions\ndescribing fast and slow processes are invariant with respect to substitution\n$t$ by $-t$. However examples considered in the paper demonstrate that these\nprocesses are irreversible. Numerical simulations show that presented theory\ndescribes the evolution of temperature field at short and large time scales\nwith high accuracy.",
        "positive": "Non-Uniform Convergence in Moment Expansions of Integral Work Relations: Exponential averages that appear in integral fluctuation theorems can be\nrecast as a sum over moments of thermodynamic observables. We use two examples\nto show that such moment series can exhibit non-uniform convergence in certain\nsingular limits. The first example is a simple model of a process with\nmeasurement and feedback. In this example, the limit of interest is that of\nerror-free measurements. The second system we study is an ideal gas particle\ninside an (infinitely) fast expanding piston. Both examples show qualitative\nsimilarities; the low order moments are close to their limiting value, while\nhigh order moments strongly deviate from their limit. As the limit is\napproached the transition between the two groups of moments is pushed toward\nhigher and higher moments. Our findings highlight the importance of the\nordering of limits in certain non-equilibrium related calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tricritical O(n) models in two dimensions: We show that the exactly solved low-temperature branch of the two-dimensional\nO($n$) model is equivalent with an O($n$) model with vacancies and a different\nvalue of $n$. We present analytic results for several universal parameters of\nthe latter model, which is identified as a tricritical point. These results\napply to the range $n \\leq 3/2$, and include the exact tricritical point, the\nconformal anomaly and a number of scaling dimensions, among which the thermal\nand magnetic exponent, the exponent associated with crossover to ordinary\ncritical behavior, and to tricritical behavior with cubic symmetry. We describe\nthe translation of the tricritical model in a Coulomb gas. The results are\nverified numerically by means of transfer-matrix calculations. We use a\ngeneralized ADE model as an intermediary, and present the expression of the\none-point distribution function in that language. The analytic calculations are\ndone both for the square and the hexagonal lattice.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation theorem for currents in open quantum systems: A quantum-mechanical framework is set up to describe the full counting\nstatistics of particles flowing between reservoirs in an open system under\ntime-dependent driving. A symmetry relation is obtained which is the\nconsequence of microreversibility for the probability of the nonequilibrium\nwork and the transfer of particles and energy between the reservoirs. In some\nappropriate long-time limit, the symmetry relation leads to a steady-state\nquantum fluctuation theorem for the currents between the reservoirs. On this\nbasis, relationships are deduced which extend the Onsager-Casimir reciprocity\nrelations to the nonlinear response coefficients."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Instability of scale-free networks under node-breaking avalanches: The instability introduced in a large scale-free network by the triggering of\nnode-breaking avalanches is analyzed using the fiber-bundle model as conceptual\nframework. We found, by measuring the size of the giant component, the\navalanche size distribution and other quantities, the existence of an abrupt\ntransition. This test of strength for complex networks like Internet is more\nstringent than others recently considered like the random removal of nodes,\nanalyzed within the framework of percolation theory. Finally, we discuss the\npossible implications of our results and their relevance in forecasting\ncascading failures in scale-free networks.",
        "positive": "Interface-Roughening Phase Diagram of the Three-Dimensional Ising Model\n  for All Interaction Anisotropies from Hard-Spin Mean-Field Theory: The roughening phase diagram of the d=3 Ising model with uniaxially\nanisotropic interactions is calculated for the entire range of anisotropy, from\ndecoupled planes to the isotropic model to the solid-on-solid model, using\nhard-spin mean-field theory. The phase diagram contains the line of ordering\nphase transitions and, at lower temperatures, the line of roughening phase\ntransitions, where the interface between ordered domains roughens. Upon\nincreasing the anisotropy, roughening transition temperatures settle after the\nisotropic case, whereas the ordering transition temperature increases to\ninfinity. The calculation is repeated for the d=2 Ising model for the full\nrange of anisotropy, yielding no roughening transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact anomalous current fluctuations in a deterministic interacting\n  model: We analytically compute the full counting statistics of charge transfer in a\nclassical automaton of interacting charged particles. Deriving a closed-form\nexpression for the moment generating function with respect to a stationary\nequilibrium state, we employ asymptotic analysis to infer the structure of\ncharge current fluctuations for a continuous range of timescales. The solution\nexhibits several unorthodox features. Most prominently, on the timescale of\ntypical fluctuations the probability distribution of the integrated charge\ncurrent in a stationary ensemble without bias is distinctly non-Gaussian\ndespite diffusive behavior of dynamical charge susceptibility. While inducing a\ncharge imbalance is enough to recover Gaussian fluctuations, we find that\nhigher cumulants grow indefinitely in time with different exponents, implying\nsingular scaled cumulants. We associate this phenomenon with the lack of a\nregularity condition on moment generating functions and the onset of a\ndynamical critical point. In effect, the scaled cumulant generating function\ndoes not, irrespectively of charge bias, represent a faithful generating\nfunction of the scaled cumulants, yet the associated Legendre dual yields the\ncorrect large-deviation rate function. Our findings hint at novel types of\ndynamical universality classes in deterministic many-body systems.",
        "positive": "Slow dynamics in critical ferromagnetic vector models relaxing from a\n  magnetized initial state: Within the universality class of ferromagnetic vector models with O(n)\nsymmetry and purely dissipative dynamics, we study the non-equilibrium critical\nrelaxation from a magnetized initial state. Transverse correlation and response\nfunctions are exactly computed for Gaussian fluctuations and in the limit of\ninfinite number n of components of the order parameter. We find that the\nfluctuation-dissipation ratios (FDRs) for longitudinal and transverse modes\ndiffer already at the Gaussian level. In these two exactly solvable cases we\ncompletely describe the crossover from the short-time to the long-time\nbehavior, corresponding to a disordered and a magnetized initial condition,\nrespectively. The effects of non-Gaussian fluctuations on longitudinal and\ntransverse quantities are calculated in the first order in the\nepsilon-expansion and reliable three-dimensional estimates of the two FDRs are\nobtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature in and out of equilibrium: a review of concepts, tools and\n  attempts: We review the general aspects of the concept of temperature in equilibrium\nand non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Although temperature is an old and\nwell-established notion, it still presents controversial facets. After a short\nhistorical survey of the key role of temperature in thermodynamics and\nstatistical mechanics, we tackle a series of issues which have been recently\nreconsidered. In particular, we discuss different definitions and their\nrelevance for energy fluctuations. The interest in such a topic has been\ntriggered by the recent observation of negative temperatures in condensed\nmatter experiments. Moreover, the ability to manipulate systems at the micro\nand nano-scale urges to understand and clarify some aspects related to the\nstatistical properties of small systems (as the issue of temperature's\n\"fluctuations\"). We also discuss the notion of temperature in a dynamical\ncontext, within the theory of linear response for Hamiltonian systems at\nequilibrium and stochastic models with detailed balance, and the generalised\nfluctuation-response relations, which provide a hint for an extension of the\ndefinition of temperature in far-from-equilibrium systems. To conclude we\nconsider non-Hamiltonian systems, such as granular materials, turbulence and\nactive matter, where a general theoretical framework is still lacking.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Quantum Free Energy and Effective Temperature, Generating\n  Functional and Influence Action: A definition of nonequilibrium free energy $\\mathcal{F}_{\\textsc{s}}$ is\nproposed for dynamical Gaussian quantum open systems strongly coupled to a heat\nbath and a formal derivation is provided by way of the generating functional in\nterms of the coarse-grained effective action and the influence action. For\nGaussian open quantum systems exemplified by the quantum Brownian motion model\nstudied here, a time-varying effective temperature can be introduced in a\nnatural way, and with it, the nonequilibrium free energy\n$\\mathcal{F}_{\\textsc{s}}$, von Neumann entropy $\\mathcal{S}_{vN}$ and internal\nenergy $\\mathcal{U}_{\\textsc{s}}$ of the reduced system ($S$) can be defined\naccordingly. In contrast to the nonequilibrium free energy found in the\nliterature which references the bath temperature, the nonequilibrium\nthermodynamic functions we find here obey the familiar relation\n$\\mathcal{F}_{\\textsc{s}}(t)=\\mathcal{U}_{\\textsc{s}}(t)- T_{\\textsc{eff}}\n(t)\\,\\mathcal{S}_{vN}(t)$ {\\it at any and all moments of time} in the system's\nfully nonequilibrium evolution history. After the system equilibrates they\ncoincide, in the weak coupling limit, with their counterparts in conventional\nequilibrium thermodynamics. Since the effective temperature captures both the\nstate of the system and its interaction with the bath, upon the system's\nequilibration, it approaches a value slightly higher than the initial bath\ntemperature. Notably, it remains nonzero for a zero-temperature bath, signaling\nthe existence of system-bath entanglement. Reasonably, at high bath\ntemperatures and under ultra-weak couplings, it becomes indistinguishable from\nthe bath temperature. The nonequilibrium thermodynamic functions and relations\ndiscovered here for dynamical Gaussian quantum systems should open up useful\npathways toward establishing meaningful theories of nonequilibrium quantum\nthermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Velocity Tails for Inelastic Maxwell Models: We study the velocity distribution function for inelastic Maxwell models,\ncharacterized by a Boltzmann equation with constant collision rate, independent\nof the energy of the colliding particles. By means of a nonlinear analysis of\nthe Boltzmann equation, we find that the velocity distribution function decays\nalgebraically for large velocities, with exponents that are analytically\ncalculated.",
        "positive": "Optimal modularity for nucleation in network-organized Ising model: We study nucleation dynamics of Ising model in a topology that consists of\ntwo coupled random networks, thereby mimicking the modular structure observed\nin real-world networks. By introducing a variant of a recently developed\nforward flux sampling method, we efficiently calculate the rate and elucidate\nthe pathway for nucleation process. It is found that as the network modularity\nbecomes worse the nucleation undergoes a transition from two-step to one-step\nprocess. Interestingly, the nucleation rate shows a nonmonotonic dependency on\nthe modularity, in which a maximal nucleation rate occurs at a moderate level\nof modularity. A simple mean field analysis is proposed to qualitatively\nillustrate the simulation results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation-induced interactions between dielectrics in general\n  geometries: We study thermal Casimir and quantum non-retarded Lifshitz interactions\nbetween dielectrics in general geometries. We map the calculation of the\nclassical partition function onto a determinant which we discretize and\nevaluate with the help of Cholesky factorization. The quantum partition\nfunction is treated by path integral quantization of a set of interacting\ndipoles and reduces to a product of determinants. We compare the approximations\nof pairwise additivity and proximity force with our numerical methods. We\npropose a ``factorization approximation'' which gives rather good numerical\nresults in the geometries that we study.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium dynamics of noninteracting fermions in a trap: We consider the real time dynamics of $N$ noninteracting fermions in $d=1$.\nThey evolve in a trapping potential $V(x)$, starting from the equilibrium state\nin a potential $V_0(x)$. We study the time evolution of the Wigner function\n$W(x,p,t)$ in the phase space $(x,p)$, and the associated kernel which encodes\nall correlation functions. At $t=0$ the Wigner function for large $N$ is\nuniform in phase space inside the Fermi volume, and vanishes at the Fermi surf\nover a scale $e_N$ being described by a universal scaling function related to\nthe Airy function. We obtain exact solutions for the Wigner function, the\ndensity, and the correlations in the case of harmonic and inverse square\npotentials, for several $V_0(x)$. In the large $N$ limit, near the edges where\nthe density vanishes, we obtain limiting kernels (of the Airy or Bessel types)\nthat retain the form found in equilibrium, up to a time dependent rescaling.\nFor non-harmonic traps the evolution of the Fermi volume is more complex.\nNevertheless we show that, for intermediate times, the Fermi surf is still\ndescribed by the same equilibrium scaling function, with a non-trivial time and\nspace dependent width which we compute analytically. We discuss the multi-time\ncorrelations and obtain their explicit scaling forms valid near the edge for\nthe harmonic oscillator. Finally, we address the large time limit where\nrelaxation to the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE) was found to occur in the\n\"classical\" regime $\\hbar \\sim 1/N$. Using the diagonal ensemble we compute the\nWigner function in the quantum case (large $N$, fixed $\\hbar$) and show that it\nagrees with the GGE. We also obtain the higher order (non-local) correlations\nin the diagonal ensemble."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chaos in Kicked Ratchets: We present a minimal one-dimensional deterministic continuous dynamical\nsystem that exhibits chaotic behavior and complex transport properties. Our\nmodel is an overdamped rocking ratchet that is periodically kicked with a delta\nfunction potential. We develop an analytical approach that predicts many key\nfeatures of the system, such as current reversals, as well as the presence of\nchaotic behavior and bifurcation. We show that our approach can be easily\nextended to other types of periodic forces, including the square wave.",
        "positive": "Structural Studies of Decaying Fluid Turbulence: Effect of Initial\n  Conditions: We present results from a systematic numerical study of structural properties\nof an unforced, incompressible, homogeneous, and isotropic three-dimensional\nturbulent fluid with an initial energy spectrum that develops a cascade of\nkinetic energy to large wavenumbers. The results are compared with those from a\nrecently studied set of power-law initial energy spectra [C. Kalelkar and R.\nPandit, Phys. Rev. E, {\\bf 69}, 046304 (2004)] which do not exhibit such a\ncascade. Differences are exhibited in plots of vorticity isosurfaces, the\ntemporal evolution of the kinetic energy-dissipation rate, and the rates of\nproduction of the mean enstrophy along the principal axes of the strain-rate\ntensor. A crossover between non-`cascade-type' and `cascade-type' behaviour is\nshown numerically for a specific set of initial energy spectra."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wang-Landau sampling for quantum systems: algorithms to overcome\n  tunneling problems and calculate the free energy: We present a generalization of the classical Wang-Landau algorithm [Phys.\nRev. Lett. 86, 2050 (2001)] to quantum systems. The algorithm proceeds by\nstochastically evaluating the coefficients of a high temperature series\nexpansion or a finite temperature perturbation expansion to arbitrary order.\nSimilar to their classical counterpart, the algorithms are efficient at thermal\nand quantum phase transitions, greatly reducing the tunneling problem at first\norder phase transitions, and allow the direct calculation of the free energy\nand entropy.",
        "positive": "Exact solution of site and bond percolation on small-world networks: We study percolation on small-world networks, which has been proposed as a\nsimple model of the propagation of disease. The occupation probabilities of\nsites and bonds correspond to the susceptibility of individuals to the disease\nand the transmissibility of the disease respectively. We give an exact solution\nof the model for both site and bond percolation, including the position of the\npercolation transition at which epidemic behavior sets in, the values of the\ntwo critical exponents governing this transition, and the mean and variance of\nthe distribution of cluster sizes (disease outbreaks) below the transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Fokker-Planck equation of the superstatistical fractional Brownian\n  motion with application to passive tracers inside cytoplasm: By collecting from literature data the experimental evidences of anomalous\ndiffusion of passive tracers inside cytoplasm, and in particular of\nsubdiffusion of mRNA molecules inside live E. coli cells, we get the\nprobability density function of molecules' displacement and we derive the\ncorresponding Fokker-Planck equation. Molecules' distribution emerges to be\nrelated to the Kr\\\"atzel function and its Fokker-Planck equation be a\nfractional diffusion equation in the Erd\\'elyi-Kober sense. The irreducibility\nof the derived Fokker-Planck equation to those of other literature models is\nalso discussed.",
        "positive": "Entropic Elasticity at the Sol-Gel Transition: The sol-gel transition is studied in two purely entropic models consisting of\nhard spheres in continuous three-dimensional space, with a fraction $p$ of\nnearest neighbor spheres tethered by inextensible bonds. When all the tethers\nare present ($p=1$) the two systems have connectivities of simple cubic and\nface-centered cubic lattices. For all $p$ above the percolation threshold\n$p_c$, the elasticity has a cubic symmetry characterized by two distinct shear\nmoduli. When $p$ approaches $p_c$, both shear moduli decay as $(p-p_c)^f$,\nwhere $f\\simeq 2$ for each type of the connectivity. This result is similar to\nthe behavior of the conductivity in random resistor networks, and is consistent\nwith many experimental studies of gel elasticity. The difference between the\nshear moduli that measures the deviation from isotropy decays as $(p-p_c)^h$,\nwith $h\\simeq 4$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dimensional reduction and its breakdown in the driven random field O(N)\n  model: The critical behavior of the random field $O(N)$ model driven at a uniform\nvelocity is investigated at zero-temperature. From naive phenomenological\narguments, we introduce a dimensional reduction property, which relates the\nlarge-scale behavior of the $D$-dimensional driven random field $O(N)$ model to\nthat of the $(D-1)$-dimensional pure $O(N)$ model. This is an analogue of the\ndimensional reduction property in equilibrium cases, which states that the\nlarge-scale behavior of $D$-dimensional random field models is identical to\nthat of $(D-2)$-dimensional pure models. However, the dimensional reduction\nproperty breaks down in low enough dimensions due to the presence of multiple\nmeta-stable states. By employing the non-perturbative renormalization group\napproach, we calculate the critical exponents of the driven random field $O(N)$\nmodel near three-dimensions and determine the range of $N$ in which the\ndimensional reduction breaks down.",
        "positive": "Radiative corrections to the quark masses in the ferromagnetic Ising and\n  Potts field theories: We consider the Ising Field Theory (IFT), and the 3-state Potts Field Theory\n(PFT), which describe the scaling limits of the two- dimensional lattice\nq-state Potts model with q=2, and q=3, respectively. At zero magnetic field\nh=0, both field theories are integrable away from the critical point, have q\ndegenerate vacua in the ferromagnetic phase, and q(q-1) particles of the same\nmass - the kinks interpolating between two different vacua. Application of a\nweak magnetic field induces confinement of kinks into bound states - the mesons\n(for q =2,3) consisting predominantly of two kinks, and baryons (for q=3),\nwhich are essentially the three-kink excitations. The kinks in the confinement\nregime are also called the quarks. We review and refine the Form Factor\nPerturbation Theory (FFPT), adapting it to the analysis of the confinement\nproblem in the limit of small h, and apply it to calculate the corrections to\nthe kink (quark) masses induced by the multi-kink fluctuations caused by the\nweak magnetic field. It is shown that the subleading third-order correction to\nthe kink mass vanishes in the IFT. The leading second order correction to the\nkink mass in the 3-state PFT is estimated by truncation the infinite form\nfactor expansion at the first term representing contribution of the two-kink\nfluctuations into the kink self energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relativistic statistical theory and generalized stosszahlansatz: We have investigated the proof of the $H$ theorem within a manifestly\ncovariant approach by considering the relativistic statistical theory developed\nin [Phy. Rev. E {\\bf 66}, 056125, 2002; {\\it ibid.} {\\bf 72}, 036108 2005]. In\nour analysis, however, we have not considered the so-called deformed\nmathematics as did in the above reference. As it happens in the nonrelativistic\nlimit, the molecular chaos hypothesis is slightly extended within the\n$\\kappa$-formalism, and the second law of thermodynamics implies that the\n$\\kappa$ parameter lies on the interval [-1,1]. It is shown that the\ncollisional equilibrium states (null entropy source term) are described by a\n$\\kappa$ power law generalization of the exponential Juttner distribution,\ne.g., $f(x,p)\\propto (\\sqrt{1+\n\\kappa^2\\theta^2}+\\kappa\\theta)^{1/\\kappa}\\equiv\\exp_\\kappa\\theta$, with\n$\\theta=\\alpha(x)+\\beta_\\mu p^\\mu$, where $\\alpha(x)$ is a scalar, $\\beta_\\mu$\nis a four-vector, and $p^\\mu$ is the four-momentum. As a simple example, we\ncalculate the relativistic $\\kappa$ power law for a dilute charged gas under\nthe action of an electromagnetic field $F^{\\mu\\nu}$. All standard results are\nreadly recovered in the particular limit $\\kappa\\to 0$.",
        "positive": "Responses of small quantum systems subjected to finite baths: We have studied responses to applied external forces of the quantum\n$(N_S+N_B)$ model for $N_S$-body interacting harmonic oscillator (HO) system\nsubjected to $N_B$-body HO bath, by using canonical transformations combined\nwith Husimi's method for a driven quantum HO [K. Husimi, Prog. Theor. Phys.\n{\\bf 9}, 381 (1953)]. It has been shown that the response to a uniform force\nexpressed by the Hamiltonian: $H_f= -f(t) \\sum_{k=1}^{N_S} Q_k$ is generally\nnot proportional to $N_S$ except for no system-bath couplings, where $f(t)$\nexpresses its time dependence and $Q_k$ denotes a position operator of $k$th\nparticle of the system. We have calculated also the response to a space- and\ntime-dependent force expressed by $H_f= -f(t) \\sum_{k=1}^{N_S} Q_k \\: e^{i 2\n\\pi k u/N_S}$, where the wavevector $u$ is $u=0$ and $u=-N_S/2$ for uniform and\nstaggered forces, respectively. The spatial correlation $\\Gamma_m$ for a pair\nof positions of $Q_k$ and $Q_{k+m}$ has been studied as functions of $N_S$ and\nthe temperature. Our calculations have indicated an importance of taking\naccount of finite $N_S$ in studying quantum open systems which generally\ninclude arbitrary numbers of particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Six vertex model with domain-wall boundary conditions in the\n  Bethe-Peierls approximation: We use the Bethe-Peierls method combined with the belief propagation\nalgorithm to study the arctic curves in the six vertex model on a square\nlattice with domain-wall boundary conditions, and the six vertex model on a\nrectangular lattice with partial domain-wall boundary conditions. We show that\nthis rather simple approximation yields results that are remarkably close to\nthe exact ones when these are known, and allows one to estimate the location of\nthe phase boundaries with relative little effort in cases in which exact\nresults are not available.",
        "positive": "Multirange Ising model on the square lattice: We study the Ising model on $\\mathbb{Z}^{2}$ and show, via numerical\nsimulation, that allowing interactions between spins separated by distances $1$\nand $m$ (two ranges), the critical temperature, $ T_c (m) $, converges\nmonotonically to the critical temperature of the Ising model on $\\mathbb{Z}^4$\nas $ m \\to \\infty $. Only interactions between spins located in directions\nparallel to each coordinate axis are considered. We also simulated the model\nwith interactions between spins at distances of $ 1 $, $ m $ and $ u $ (three\nranges), with $ u $ a multiple of $ m $; in this case our results indicate that\n$ T_c(m, u) $ converges to the critical temperature of the model on $\n\\mathbb{Z}^6$. For percolation, analogous results were proven for the critical\nprobability $p_c$ [B. N. B. de Lima, R. P. Sanchis and R. W. C. Silva,\nStochastic Process. Appl. {\\bf 121}, 2043 (2011)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Largest Schmidt eigenvalue of entangled random pure states and\n  conductance distribution in chaotic cavities: A strategy to evaluate the distribution of the largest Schmidt eigenvalue for\nentangled random pure states of bipartite systems is proposed. We point out\nthat the multiple integral defining the sought quantity for a bipartition of\nsizes N, M is formally identical (upon simple algebraic manipulations) to the\none providing the probability density of Landauer conductance in open chaotic\ncavities supporting N and M electronic channels in the two leads. Known results\nabout the latter can then be straightforwardly employed in the former problem\nfor both systems with broken ({\\beta} = 2) and preserved ({\\beta} = 1) time\nreversal symmetry. The analytical results, yielding a continuous but not\neverywhere analytic distribution, are in excellent agreement with numerical\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Diffusion Enhances Chirality Selection: Diffusion effect on chirality selection in a two-dimensional\nreaction-diffusion model is studied by the Monte Carlo simulation. The model\nconsists of achiral reactants A which turn into either of the chiral products,\nR or S, in a solvent of chemically inactive vacancies V. The reaction contains\nthe nonlinear autocatalysis as well as recycling process, and the chiral\nsymmetry breaking is monitored by an enantiomeric excess $\\phi$.\n  Without dilution a strong nonlinear autocatalysis ensures chiral symmetry\nbreaking. By dilution, the chiral order $\\phi$ decreases, and the racemic state\nis recovered below the critical concentration $c_c$. Diffusion effectively\nenhances the concentration of chiral species, and $c_c$ decreases as the\ndiffusion coefficient $D$ increases. The relation between $\\phi$ and $c$ for a\nsystem with a finite $D$ fits rather well to an interpolation formula between\nthe diffusionless(D=0) and homogeneous ($D=\\infty$) limits."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical percolation transition in two dimensional ANNNI model: The dynamical percolation transition of two dimensional Axial Next Nearest\nNeighbour Ising (ANNNI) model to pulsed magnetic field has been studied by\nfinite size scaling analysis (by Monte Carlo simulation) for various values of\nfrustration parameters, pulse width and temperature (below the corresponding\nstatic transition temperature). It has been found that the size of the largest\ngeometrical cluster shows a transition for a critical field amplitude. Although\nthe transition points shift, the critical exponents remain invariant for a wide\nrange of frustration parameters. It is also same as that obtained for the 2d\nIsing model. This suggests that although the static phase diagrams of these two\nmodels differ significantly in various aspects, the dynamical percolation\ntransition of both these models belong to the same universality class.",
        "positive": "Mutual information via thermodynamics: Three different approaches: Three different approaches to derive mutual information via thermodynamics\nare presented where the temperature-dependent energy is given by: (a) $\\beta\n\\mathcal{E} = -\\ln[P(X,Y)]$, (b) $\\beta \\mathcal{E} =-\\ln[P(Y|X)]$ or (c)\n$\\beta \\mathcal{E} =-\\ln[P(X|Y)]$. All approaches require the extension of the\ntraditional physical framework and the modification of the 2nd law of\nthermodynamics. A realization of a physical system with an effective\ntemperature-dependent Hamiltonian is discussed followed by a suggestion of a\nphysical information-heat engine."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density of critical clusters in strips of strongly disordered systems: We consider two models with disorder dominated critical points and study the\ndistribution of clusters which are confined in strips and touch one or both\nboundaries. For the classical random bond Potts model in the large-q limit we\nstudy optimal Fortuin-Kasteleyn clusters by combinatorial optimization\nalgorithm. For the random transverse-field Ising chain clusters are defined and\ncalculated through the strong disorder renormalization group method. The\nnumerically calculated density profiles close to the boundaries are shown to\nfollow scaling predictions. For the random bond Potts model we have obtained\naccurate numerical estimates for the critical exponents and demonstrated that\nthe density profiles are well described by conformal formulae.",
        "positive": "Entropy production along nonequilibrium quantum jump trajectories: For classical nonequilibrium systems, the separation of the total entropy\nproduction into the adiabatic and nonadiabatic contributions is useful for\nunderstanding irreversibility in nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In this\narticle, we formulate quantum analogs for driven open quantum systems\ndescribable by quantum jump trajectories by applying a quantum stochastic\nthermodynamics. Our main conclusions are based on a quantum formulation of the\nlocal detailed balance condition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Granular Hydrodynamics and Pattern Formation in Vertically Oscillated\n  Granular Disks Layers: A numerical hydrodynamic model of a vibrated granular bed in 2D is elaborated\nbased on a highly accurate Shock Capturing scheme applied to the compressible\nNavier-Stokes equations for granular flow. The hydrodynamic simulation of\ngranular flows is numerically difficult, particularly in systems where dilute\nand dense regions occur at the same time and interact with each other. As an\nexample of such a problematic system we investigate the formation of Faraday\nwaves in a 2d system which is exposed to vertical vibration in the presence of\ngravity. The results of the CHD agree quantitatively well with event-driven\nMolecular Dynamics.",
        "positive": "Path Factorization Approach to Stochastic Simulations: The computational efficiency of stochastic simulation algorithms is\nnotoriously limited by the kinetic trapping of the simulated trajectories\nwithin low energy basins. Here we present a new method that overcomes kinetic\ntrapping while still preserving exact statistics of escape paths from the\ntrapping basins. The method is based on path factorization of the evolution\noperator and requires no prior knowledge of the underlying energy landscape.\nThe efficiency of the new method is demonstrated in simulations of anomalous\ndiffusion and phase separation in a binary alloy, two stochastic models\npresenting severe kinetic trapping."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Power laws in surface physics: The deep, the shallow and the useful: The growth and dynamics of solid surfaces displays a multitude of power law\nrelationships, which are often associated with geometric self-similarity. In\nmany cases the mechanisms behind these power laws are comparatively trivial,\nand require little more than dimensional analysis for their derivation. The\ninformation of interest to surface physicists then resides in the prefactors.\nThis point will be illustrated by recent experimental and theoretical work on\nthe growth-induced roughening of thin films and step fluctuations on vicinal\nsurfaces. The conventional distinction between trivial and nontrivial power\nlaws will be critically examined in general, and specifically in the context of\npersistence of step fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Scaling of the distribution of fluctuations of financial market indices: We study the distribution of fluctuations over a time scale $\\Delta t$ (i.e.,\nthe returns) of the S&P 500 index by analyzing three distinct databases.\nDatabase (i) contains approximately 1 million records sampled at 1 min\nintervals for the 13-year period 1984-1996, database (ii) contains 8686 daily\nrecords for the 35-year period 1962-1996, and database (iii) contains 852\nmonthly records for the 71-year period 1926-1996. We compute the probability\ndistributions of returns over a time scale $\\Delta t$, where $\\Delta t$ varies\napproximately over a factor of 10^4 - from 1 min up to more than 1 month. We\nfind that the distributions for $\\Delta t \\leq$ 4 days (1560 mins) are\nconsistent with a power-law asymptotic behavior, characterized by an exponent\n$\\alpha \\approx 3$, well outside the stable L\\'evy regime $0 < \\alpha < 2$. To\ntest the robustness of the S&P result, we perform a parallel analysis on two\nother financial market indices. Database (iv) contains 3560 daily records of\nthe NIKKEI index for the 14-year period 1984-97, and database (v) contains 4649\ndaily records of the Hang-Seng index for the 18-year period 1980-97. We find\nestimates of $\\alpha$ consistent with those describing the distribution of S&P\n500 daily-returns. One possible reason for the scaling of these distributions\nis the long persistence of the autocorrelation function of the volatility. For\ntime scales longer than $(\\Delta t)_{\\times} \\approx 4$ days, our results are\nconsistent with slow convergence to Gaussian behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heisenberg antiferromagnets with uniaxial exchange and cubic\n  anisotropies in a field: Classical Heisenberg antiferromagnets with uniaxial exchange anisotropy and a\ncubic anisotropy term in a field on simple cubic lattices are studied with the\nhelp of ground state considerations and extensive Monte Carlo simulations.\nEspecially, we analyze the role of non-collinear structures of biconical type\noccurring in addition to the well-known antiferromagnetic and spin-flop\nstructures. Pertinent phase diagrams are determined, and compared to previous\nfindings.",
        "positive": "Aperiodic dynamical quantum phase transitions in multi-band Bloch\n  Hamiltonian and its origin: We investigate the dynamical quantum phase transition (DQPT) in the\nmulti-band Bloch Hamiltonian of the one-dimensional periodic Kitaev model,\nfocusing on quenches from a Bloch band. By analyzing the dynamical free energy\nand Pancharatnam geometric phase, we show that the critical times of DQPTs\ndeviate from periodic spacing due to the multi-band effect, contrasting with\nresults from two-band models. We propose a geometric interpretation to explain\nthis non-uniform spacing. Additionally, we clarify the conditions needed for\nDQPT occurrence in the multi-band Bloch Hamiltonian, highlighting that a DQPT\nonly arises when the quench from the Bloch states collapses the band gap at the\ncritical point. Moreover, we establish that the dynamical topological order\nparameter, defined by the winding number of the Pancharatnam geometric phase,\nis not quantized but still exhibits discontinuous jumps at DQPT critical times\ndue to periodic modulation. Additionally, we extend our analysis to mixed-state\nDQPT and find its absence at non-zero temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-exclusion statistics: a generalization of Bose-Einstein's principle: By constructing the super-particle representation of the free boson gas, we\npropose a new statistics in which the particles are non-exclusive. This\nstatistics can be considered as a generalization of Bose-Einstein's. The\npossible condensation of this statistical system is studied. It is found that\nthe chemical potential below the condensation temperature is linearly\nproportional to the temperature rather than a constant. With an proper choice\nof the exclusion factors $\\gamma_l$, Hadane-Wu's fractional statistics is\nretrieved in this representation.",
        "positive": "Boundary two-parameter eight-state supersymmetric fermion model and\n  Bethe ansatz solution: The recently introduced two-parameter eight-state $U_q[gl(3|1)]$\nsupersymmetric fermion model is extended to include boundary terms. Nine\nclasses of boundary conditions are constructed, all of which are shown to be\nintegrable via the graded boundary quantum inverse scattering method. The\nboundary systems are solved by using the coordinate Bethe ansatz and the Bethe\nansatz equations are given for all nine cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solid--liquid transition of skyrmions in a two-dimensional chiral magnet: We study the melting of skyrmions in a two-dimensional Heisenberg chiral\nmagnet with bi-axial Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya interactions. These topological\nexcitations may form at zero temperature a triangular crystal with long-range\npositional order. However, we show using large-scale Monte Carlo simulations\nthat at small finite temperature, the skyrmions rather form a typical\ntwo-dimensional solid: Positional correlations decay with distance as power\nlaws while the orientational correlations remain finite. At higher temperature,\nwe observe a direct transition from this two-dimensional solid to a liquid with\nshort-range correlations. This differs from generic two-dimensional homogeneous\nparticle systems, where a hexatic phase is realized between the solid and the\nliquid.",
        "positive": "Criticality in the two-dimensional random-bond Ising model: The two-dimensional (2D) random-bond Ising model has a novel multicritical\npoint on the ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase boundary. This random phase\ntransition is one of the simplest examples of a 2D critical point occurring at\nboth finite temperatures and disorder strength. We study the associated\ncritical properties, by mapping the random 2D Ising model onto a network model.\nThe model closely resembles network models of quantum Hall plateau transitions,\nbut has different symmetries. Numerical transfer matrix calculations enable us\nto obtain estimates for the critical exponents at the random Ising phase\ntransition. The values are consistent with recent estimates obtained from\nhigh-temperature series."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Autocatalytic reaction on low-dimensional substrates: We discuss a model for the autocatalytic reaction $A+B\\to 2A$ on substrates\nwhere the reactants perform a compact exploration of the space, i.e., on\nlattices whose spectral dimension $\\tilde{d}$ is $< 2$. For finite systems, the\ntotal time $\\tau$ for the reaction to end scales according to two different\nregimes, for high and low concentrations of reactants. The functional\ndependence of $\\tau$ on the volume of the substrate and the concentration of\nreactants is discussed within a mean-field approximation. Possible applications\nare discussed.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Resetting and Applications: In this Topical Review we consider stochastic processes under resetting,\nwhich have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. We begin with the\nsimple example of a diffusive particle whose position is reset randomly in time\nwith a constant rate $r$, which corresponds to Poissonian resetting, to some\nfixed point (e.g. its initial position). This simple system already exhibits\nthe main features of interest induced by resetting: (i) the system reaches a\nnontrivial nonequilibrium stationary state (ii) the mean time for the particle\nto reach a target is finite and has a minimum, optimal, value as a function of\nthe resetting rate $r$. We then generalise to an arbitrary stochastic process\n(e.g. L\\'evy flights or fractional Brownian motion) and non-Poissonian\nresetting (e.g. power-law waiting time distribution for intervals between\nresetting events). We go on to discuss multiparticle systems as well as\nextended systems, such as fluctuating interfaces, under resetting. We also\nconsider resetting with memory which implies resetting the process to some\nrandomly selected previous time. Finally we give an overview of recent\ndevelopments and applications in the field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Randomness and Complexity in Networks: I start by reviewing some basic properties of random graphs. I then consider\nthe role of random walks in complex networks and show how they may be used to\nexplain why so many long tailed distributions are found in real data sets. The\nkey idea is that in many cases the process involves copying of properties of\nnear neighbours in the network and this is a type of short random walk which in\nturn produce a natural preferential attachment mechanism. Applying this to\nnetworks of fixed size I show that copying and innovation are processes with\nspecial mathematical properties which include the ability to solve a simple\nmodel exactly for any parameter values and at any time. I finish by looking at\nvariations of this basic model.",
        "positive": "Experimental study of a granular gas fluidized by vibrations: We report experimental results on the behavior of an ensemble of\ninelastically colliding particles, excited by a vibrated piston in a vertical\ncylinder. When the particle number is increased, we observe a transition from a\nregime where the particles have erratic motions (granular \"gas\") to a\ncollective behavior where all the particles bounce like a nearly solid body. In\nthe gaslike regime, we measure the pressure at constant volume, and the bed\nexpansion at constant external pressure, as a function of the number N of\nparticles. We also measure the density of particles as a function of the\naltitude, and find that the \"atmosphere\" is exponential far enough from the\npiston. From these three independent measurements, we determine a \"state\nequation\" between pressure, volume, particle number and the vibration amplitude\nand frequency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mixed order transition and condensation in exactly soluble one\n  dimensional spin model: Mixed order phase transitions (MOT), which display discontinuous order\nparameter and diverging correlation length, appear in several seemingly\nunrelated settings ranging from equilibrium models with long-range interactions\nto models far from thermal equilibrium. In a recent paper [1] an exactly\nsoluble spin model with long-range interactions that exhibits MOT was\nintroduced and analyzed both by a grand canonical calculation and a\nrenormalization group analysis. The model was shown to lay a bridge between two\nclasses of one dimensional models exhibiting MOT, namely between spin models\nwith inverse distance square interactions and surface depinning models. In this\npaper we elaborate on the calculations done in [1]. We also analyze the model\nin the canonical ensemble, which yields a better insight into the mechanism of\nMOT. In addition, we generalize the model to include Potts and general Ising\nspins, and also consider a broader class of interactions which decay with\ndistance with a power law different from 2.",
        "positive": "Crystalline Field Effects on Magnetic and Thermodynamic properties of a\n  Ferrimagnetic Centered Rectangular Structure: The magnetic properties and phase diagrams of the mixed spin Ising model,\nwith spins S=1 and {\\sigma}=1/2 on a centered rectangular structure, have been\ninvestigated using Monte Carlo simulations based on the Metropolis algorithm.\nEvery spin at one lattice site has four nearest-neighbor spins of the same type\nand four of the other type. We have assumed ferromagnetic interaction between\nthe same spins type, antiferromagnetic for different spin types. An additional\nsingle-site crystal field term on the S=1 site was considered. We have shown\nthat the crystal field enhances the existence of the compensation behavior of\nthe system. In addition, the effects of the crystal field and exchange coupling\non the magnetic properties and phase diagrams of the system have been studied.\nFinally, the magnetic hysteresis cycles of the system for several values of the\ncrystal field have been found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random walk theory of jamming in a cellular automaton model for traffic\n  flow: The jamming behavior of a single lane traffic model based on a cellular\nautomaton approach is studied. Our investigations concentrate on the so-called\nVDR model which is a simple generalization of the well-known\nNagel-Schreckenberg model. In the VDR model one finds a separation between a\nfree flow phase and jammed vehicles. This phase separation allows to use random\nwalk like arguments to predict the resolving probabilities and lifetimes of jam\nclusters or disturbances. These predictions are in good agreement with the\nresults of computer simulations and even become exact for a special case of the\nmodel. Our findings allow a deeper insight into the dynamics of wide jams\noccuring in the model.",
        "positive": "Renewal, Modulation and Superstatistics: We consider two different proposals to generate a time series with the same\nnon-Poisson distribution of waiting times, to which we refer to as renewal and\nmodulation. We show that, in spite of the apparent statistical equivalence, the\ntwo time series generate different physical effects. Renewal generates aging\nand anomalous scaling, while modulation yields no aging and either ordinary or\nanomalous diffusion, according to the prescription used for its generation. We\nargue, in fact, that the physical realization of modulation involves critical\nevents, responsible for scaling. In conclusion, modulation rather than ruling\nout the action of critical events, sets the challenge for their identification."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Disorder-Induced Time-Dependent Diffusion in Zeolites: We suggest that disordered framework aluminums and non-framework cations can\ncreate a disordered electrostatic potential in zeolites that can lead to a\ndiscrepancy between diffusivities measured by microscopic and macroscopic\nexperimental techniques. We calculate the value of the discrepancy and the\ncharacteristic time scale at which it occurs for several ionic and polarizable\nspecies diffusing in zeolites. For ionic species, a discrepancy is almost\ninevitable. For polarizable species, a significant discrepancy may occur in\nsome zeolites only for long alkanes or large species such as benzene.",
        "positive": "Chaos and Synchronized Chaos in an Earthquake Model: We show that chaos is present in the symmetric two-block Burridge-Knopoff\nmodel for earthquakes. This is in contrast with previous numerical studies, but\nin agreement with experimental results. In this system, we have found a rich\ndynamical behavior with an unusual route to chaos. In the three-block system,\nwe see the appearance of synchronized chaos, showing that this concept can have\npotential applications in the field of seismology."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Gaussian Normal Diffusion in Low Dimensional Systems: Brownian particles suspended in disordered crowded environments often exhibit\nnon-Gaussian normal diffusion (NGND), whereby their displacements grow with\nmean square proportional to the observation time and non-Gaussian statistics.\nTheir distributions appear to decay almost exponentially according to\n\"universal\" laws largely insensitive to the observation time. This effect is\ngenerically attributed to slow environmental fluctuations, which perturb the\nlocal configuration of the suspension medium. To investigate the microscopic\nmechanisms responsible for the NGND phenomenon, we study Brownian diffusion in\nlow dimensional systems, like the free diffusion of ellipsoidal and active\nparticles, the diffusion of colloidal particles in fluctuating corrugated\nchannels and Brownian motion in arrays of planar convective rolls. NGND appears\nto be a transient effect related to the time modulation of the instantaneous\nparticle's diffusivity, which can occur even under equilibrium conditions.\nConsequently, we propose to generalize the definition of NGND to include\ntransient displacement distributions which vary continuously with the\nobservation time. To this purpose, we provide a heuristic one-parameter\nfunction, which fits all time-dependent transient displacement distributions\ncorresponding to the same diffusion constant. Moreover, we reveal the existence\nof low dimensional systems where the NGND distributions are not leptokurtic\n(fat exponential tails), as often reported in the literature, but platykurtic\n(thin sub-Gaussian tails), i.e., with negative excess kurtosis. The actual\nnature of the NGND transients is related to the specific microscopic dynamics\nof the diffusing particle.",
        "positive": "Density of Quasi-localized Modes in Glasses: where are the Two-Level\n  Systems?: The existence of a constant density of two-level systems (TLS) was proposed\nas the basis of some intriguing universal aspects of glasses at ultra-low\ntemperatures. Here we ask whether their existence is necessary for explaining\nthe universal density of states quasi-localized modes (QLM) in glasses at\nultra-low temperatures. A careful examination of the QLM that exist in a\ngeneric atomistic model of a glass former reveals at least two types of them,\neach exhibiting a different density of states, one depending on the frequency\nas $\\omega^3$ and the other as $\\omega^4$. The properties of the glassy energy\nlandscape that is responsible for the two types of modes is examined here,\nexplaining the analytic feature responsible for the creations of (at least) two\nfamilies of QLM's. Although adjacent wells certainly exist in the complex\nenergy landscape of glasses, doubt is cast on the relevance of TLS for the\nuniversal density of QLM's."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergent friction in two-dimensional Frenkel-Kontorova models: Simple models for friction are typically one-dimensional, but real interfaces\nare two-dimensional. We investigate the effects of the second dimension on\nstatic and dynamic friction by using the Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) model. We study\nthe two most straightforward extensions of the FK model to two dimensions and\nsimulate both the static and dynamic properties. We show that the behavior of\nthe static friction is robust and remains similar in two dimensions for\nphysically reasonable parameter values. The dynamic friction, however, is\nstrongly influenced by the second dimension and the accompanying additional\ndynamics and parameters introduced into the models. We discuss our results in\nterms of the thermal equilibration and phonon dispersion relations of the\nlattices, establishing a physically realistic and suitable two-dimensional\nextension of the FK model. We find that the presence of additional dissipation\nchannels can increase the friction and produces significantly different\ntemperature-dependence when compared to the one-dimensional case. We also\nbriefly study the anisotropy of the dynamic friction and show highly nontrivial\neffects, including that the friction anisotropy can lead to motion in different\ndirections depending on the value of the initial velocity.",
        "positive": "Impurity Dynamics in a Bose Condensate: We estimate the changes in the condensate ground state energy induced by one\nor more \"sizable\" impurities. By \"sizable\", we mean an impurity whose size is\nwithin a few orders of magnitude of the trap size and not necessarily atomic in\nscale. A sizable impurity will \"drill\" a hole in the condensate wave function\nand alter the condensate energy. The question is whether this microscopic\nchange can be detected macroscopically because of the Bose-Einstein\ncondensation effect. We discuss the effect of impurity expulsion, condensate\ninteractions, and the induced interaction between two impurities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simulation and Theory of the Impact of Two-Dimensional Elastic Disks: The impact of a two-dimensional elastic disk with a wall is numerically\nstudied. It is clarified that the coefficient of restitution (COR) decreases\nwith the impact velocity. The result is not consistent with the recent\nquasi-static theory of inelastic collisions even for very slow impact. This\nsuggests that the elastic model cannot be used in the quasi-static limit. A new\nquasi-static theory of impacts is proposed, in which the effect of thermal\ndiffusion is dominant.\n  The abrupt decrease of COR has been found due to the plastic deformation of\nthe disk, which is assisted by the initial internal motion. (This paper is to\nbe published in Chemical Engineering Science.)",
        "positive": "Experimental observations of dynamic critical phenomena in a lipid\n  membrane: Near a critical point, the time scale of thermally-induced fluctuations\ndiverges in a manner determined by the dynamic universality class. Experiments\nhave verified predicted 3D dynamic critical exponents in many systems, but\nsimilar experiments in 2D have been lacking for the case of conserved order\nparameter. Here we analyze time-dependent correlation functions of a quasi-2D\nlipid bilayer in water to show that its critical dynamics agree with a recently\npredicted universality class. In particular, the effective dynamic exponent\n$z_{\\text{eff}}$ crosses over from $\\sim 2$ to $\\sim 3$ as the correlation\nlength of fluctuations exceeds a hydrodynamic length set by the membrane and\nbulk viscosities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective Mass of Atom and Excitation Spectrum in Liquid Helium-4 at T=0\n  K: A self-consistent approach is applied for the calculations within the\ntwo-time temperature Green functions formalism in the random phase\napproximation. The effective mass of He4 atom is computed as $m^*=1.58 m$. The\nexcitation spectrum is found to be in a satisfactory agreement with the\nexperiment. The sound velocity is calculated as 230 m/s. The temperature of the\nBose-condensation with the effective mass taken into consideration is estimated\nas 1.99 K.",
        "positive": "Negative heat capacity at phase-separation in macroscopic systems: Systems with long-range as well with short-range interactions should\nnecessarily have a convex entropy S(E) at proper phase transitions of first\norder, i.e. when a separation of phases occurs. Here the microcanonical heat\ncapacity c(E)= -\\frac{(\\partial S/\\partial E)^2}{\\partial^2S/\\partial E^2} is\nnegative. This should be observable even in macroscopic systems when energy\nfluctuations with the surrounding world can be sufficiently suppressed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation-Driven Aggregation in One Dimension: We propose a model for aggregation where particles are continuously growing\nby heterogeneous condensation in one dimension and solve it exactly. We show\nthat the particle size spectra exhibit transition to dynamic scaling\n$c(x,t)\\sim t^{-\\beta}\\phi(x/t^z)$. The exponents $\\beta$ and $z$ satisfy a\ngeneralized scaling relation $\\beta=(1+q)z$ where the value of $q$ is fixed by\na non-trivial conservation law. We have shown that the value of $(1+q)$ is\nalways less than the value 2 of aggregation without condensation.",
        "positive": "Current fluctuations in nonequilibrium discontinuous phase transitions: Discontinuous phase transitions out of equilibrium can be characterized by\nthe behavior of macroscopic stochastic currents. But while much is known about\nthe the average current, the situation is much less understood for higher\nstatistics. In this paper, we address the consequences of the diverging\nmetastability lifetime -- a hallmark of discontinuous transitions -- in the\nfluctuations of arbitrary thermodynamic currents, including the entropy\nproduction. In particular, we center our discussion on the \\emph{conditional}\nstatistics, given which phase the system is in. We highlight the interplay\nbetween integration window and metastability lifetime, which is not manifested\nin the average current, but strongly influences the fluctuations. We introduce\nconditional currents and find, among other predictions, their connection to\naverage and scaled variance through a finite-time version of Large Deviation\nTheory and a minimal model. Our results are then further verified in two\nparadigmatic models of discontinuous transitions: Schl\\\"ogl's model of chemical\nreactions, and a $12$-states Potts model subject to two baths at different\ntemperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization of coupled active rotators by common noise: We study the effect of common noise on coupled active rotators. While such a\nnoise always facilitates synchrony, coupling may be attractive or repulsing. We\ndevelop an analytical approach based on a transformation to approximate\nangle-action variables and averaging over fast rotations. For identical\nrotators, we describe a transition from full to partial synchrony at a critical\nvalue of repulsive coupling. For nonidentical rotators, the most nontrivial\neffect occurs at moderate repulsive coupling, where a juxtaposition of phase\nlocking with frequency repulsion (anti-entrainment) is observed. We show that\nthe frequency repulsion obeys a nontrivial power law.",
        "positive": "Numerical method for disordered quantum phase transitions in the\n  large$-N$ limit: We develop an efficient numerical method to study the quantum critical\nbehavior of disordered systems with $\\mathcal{O}(N)$ order-parameter symmetry\nin the large$-N$ limit. It is based on the iterative solution of the large$-N$\nsaddle-point equations combined with a fast algorithm for inverting the arising\nlarge sparse random matrices. As an example, we consider the\nsuperconductor-metal quantum phase transition in disordered nanowires. We study\nthe behavior of various observables near the quantum phase transition. Our\nresults agree with recent renormalization group predictions, i.e., the\ntransition is governed by an infinite-randomness critical point, accompanied by\nquantum Griffiths singularities. Our method is highly efficient because the\nnumerical effort for each iteration scales linearly with the system size. This\nallows us to study larger systems, with up to 1024 sites, than previous\nmethods. We also discuss generalizations to higher dimensions and other systems\nincluding the itinerant antiferomagnetic transitions in disordered metals."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maxwell's Demon Based on a Single Qubit: We propose and analyze Maxwell's demon based on a single qubit with avoided\nlevel crossing. Its operation cycle consists of adiabatic drive to the point of\nminimum energy separation, measurement of the qubit state, and conditional\nfeedback. We show that the heat extracted from the bath at temperature $T$ can\nideally approach the Landauer limit of $k_BT\\ln 2$ per cycle even in the\nquantum regime. Practical demon efficiency is limited by the interplay of\nLandau-Zener transitions and coupling to the bath. We suggest that an\nexperimental demonstration of the demon is fully feasible using one of the\nstandard superconducting qubits.",
        "positive": "Scaling and universality of critical fluctuations in granular gases: The global energy fluctuations of a low density gas granular gas in the\nhomogeneous cooling state near its clustering instability are studied by means\nof molecular dynamics simulations. The relative dispersion of the fluctuations\nis shown to exhibit a power-law divergent behavior. Moreover, the probability\ndistribution of the fluctuations presents data collapse as the system\napproaches the instability, for different values of the inelasticity. The\nfunction describing the collapse turns out to be the same as the one found in\nseveral molecular equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems, except for the\nchange in the sign of the fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low temperature pseudo-phase transition in an extended Hubbard diamond\n  chain: We consider the extended Hubbard diamond chain with an arbitrary number of\nparticles driven by chemical potential. The interaction between dimer diamond\nchain and nodal couplings is considered in the atomic limit (no hopping), while\nthe dimer interaction includes the hopping term. We demonstrate that this model\nexhibits a pseudo-transition effect in the low-temperature regime. Here, we\nexplore the pseudo-transition rigorously by analyzing several physical\nquantities. The internal energy and entropy depict sudden, although continuous,\njumps which closely resembles discontinuous or first-order phase transition. At\nthe same time, the correlation length and specific heat exhibit astonishing\nstrong sharp peaks, quite similar to a second-order phase transition. We\nassociate the ascending and descending part of the peak with power-law\n\\textquotedbl pseudo-critical\\textquotedbl exponents. We determine the\npseudo-critical exponents in the temperature range where these peaks are\ndeveloped, namely $\\nu=1$ for the correlation length and $\\alpha=3$ for the\nspecific heat. We also study the behavior of the electron density and\nisothermal compressibility around the pseudo-critical temperature.",
        "positive": "Scaling Approach to Calculate Critical Exponents in Anomalous Surface\n  Roughening: We study surface growth models exhibiting anomalous scaling of the local\nsurface fluctuations. An analytical approach to determine the local scaling\nexponents of continuum growth models is proposed. The method allows to predict\nwhen a particular growth model will have anomalous properties ($\\alpha \\neq\n\\alpha_{loc}$) and to calculate the local exponents. Several continuum growth\nequations are examined as examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on: Competing Interactions, the Renormalization Group, and the\n  Isotropic-Nematic Phase Transition, by D. Barci and D. Stariolo, Phys. Rev.\n  Lett. 98, 200604 (2007): In a recent PRL Barci and Stariolo (BS) generalized the well known Brazovskii\nmodel to include an additional rotationally invariant quartic interaction and\nstudy this model in two dimensions (2d). Depending on the parameters of the\nmodel, BS find two transitions: a first order isotropic-lamellar (striped) or a\nsecond order isotropic-nematic (which they speculate to be in the\nKosterlitz-Thouless universality class). Using a simple symmetry argument, I\nshow that the striped phase found by BS can not exist in 2d. Furthermore, I\nargue that based on the coarse-grained action used by BS it is impossible to\nreach any conclusion about the nature of the isotropic-nematic transition.",
        "positive": "Worm-like Polymer Loops and Fourier Knots: Every smooth closed curve can be represented by a suitable Fourier sum. We\nshow that the ensemble of curves generated by randomly chosen Fourier\ncoefficients with amplitudes inversely proportional to spatial frequency (with\na smooth exponential cutoff), can be accurately mapped on the physical ensemble\nof worm-like polymer loops. We find that measures of correlation on the scale\nof the entire loop yield a larger persistence length than that calculated from\nthe tangent-tangent correlation function at small length scales. The conjecture\nthat physical loops exhibit additional rigidity on scales comparable to the\nentire loop due to the contribution of twist rigidity, can be tested\nexperimentally by determining the persistence length from the local curvature\nand comparing it with that obtained by measuring the radius of gyration of\ndsDNA plasmids. The topological properties of the ensemble randomly generated\nworm-like loops are shown to be similar to that of other polymer models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Universal Amplitude Ratios for Two-Dimensional Ising Models and a\n  Quantum Spin Chain: We have derived analytic expressions for the amplitudes of correction terms\nin the critical free energy and inverse correlation length expansions for\nsquare, honeycomb, and plane-triangular lattices in strip geometry. We have\nfound that ratio of amplitudes for all of these lattices is universal. We have\nalso obtained similar expansions for the ground state energy and the first\nenergy gap of a critical quantum spin chain and find that the amplitude ratios\nhave the same values.",
        "positive": "Detecting Classical Phase Transitions with Renyi Mutual Information: By developing a method to represent the Renyi entropies via a replica-trick\non classical statistical mechanical systems, we introduce a procedure to\ncalculate the Renyi Mutual Information in any Monte Carlo simulation. Through\nsimulations on several classical models, we demonstrate that the Renyi Mutual\nInformation can detect finite-temperature critical points, and even identify\ntheir universality class, without knowledge of an order parameter or other\nthermodynamic estimators. Remarkably, in addition to critical points mediated\nby symmetry breaking, the Renyi Mutual Information is able to detect\ntopological vortex-unbinding transitions, as we explicitly demonstrate on\nsimulations of the XY model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic quantities of independent harmonic oscillators in\n  microcanonical and canonical ensembles in the Tsallis statistics: We study the energy and entropies for $N$ independent harmonic oscillators in\nthe microcanonical and the canonical ensembles in the Tsallis classical and the\nTsallis quantum statistics of entropic parameter $q$, where $N$ is the number\nof the oscillators and the value of $q$ is larger than one. The energy and\nentropies are represented with the physical temperature, and the well-known\nexpressions are obtained for the energy and R\\'enyi entropy. The difference\nbetween the microcanonical and the canonical ensembles is the existence of the\ncondition for $N$ and $q$ in the canonical ensemble: $N(q-1)<1$. The condition\ndoes not appear in the microcanonical ensemble. The entropies are $q$-dependent\nin the canonical ensemble, and are not $q$-dependent in the microcanonical\nensemble. For $N(q-1)<1$, this difference in entropy is quite small, and the\nentropy in the canonical ensemble does not differ from the entropy in the\nmicrocanonical ensemble substantially.",
        "positive": "Effect of a static phase transition on searching dynamics: We consider a one dimensional Euclidean network which is grown using a\npreferential attachment. Here the $j$th incoming node gets attached to the\n$i$th existing node with the probability $\\Pi_i \\propto k_i {{l}}_{ij}^\\alpha$,\nwhere ${l}_{ij}$ is the Euclidean distance between them and $k_i$ the degree of\nthe $i$th node. This network is known to have a static phase transition point\nat $\\alpha_c \\simeq 0.5$. On this network, we employ three different searching\nstrategies based on degrees or distances or both, where the possibility of\ntermination of search chains is allowed. A detailed analysis shows that these\nstrategies are significantly affected by the presence of the static critical\npoint. The distributions of the search path lengths and the success rates are\nalso estimated and compared for the different strategies. These distributions\nappear to be marginally affected by the static phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Encounter-based model of a run-and-tumble particle II: absorption at\n  sticky boundaries: In this paper we develop an encounter-based model of a run-and-tumble\nparticle (RTP) confined to a finite interval $[0,L]$ with partially absorbing,\nsticky boundaries at both ends. We assume that the particle switches between\ntwo constant velocity states $\\pm v$ at a rate $\\alpha$. Whenever the particle\nhits a boundary, it becomes stuck by pushing on the boundary until either a\ntumble event reverses the swimming direction or it is permanently absorbed. We\nformulate the absorption process by identifying the first passage time (FPT)\nfor absorption with the event that the time $A(t)$ spent attached to either\nwall up to time $t$ (the occupation time) crosses some random threshold\n$\\hat{A}$. Taking $\\Psi({a})\\equiv\\mathbb{P}[\\hat{A}\\gt{a}]$ to be an\nexponential distribution, $\\Psi[{a}]=e^{-\\kappa_0a}$, we show that the joint\nprobability density for particle position $X(t)$ and velocity state\n$\\sigma(t)=\\pm $ satisfies a well-defined boundary value problem (BVP) with\n$\\kappa_0$ representing a constant absorption rate. The solution of this BVP\ndetermines the so-called occupation time propagator, which is the joint\nprobability density for the triplet $(X(t),A(t),\\sigma(t))$. The propagator is\nthen used to incorporate more general models of absorption based on\nnon-exponential (non-Markovian) distributions $\\Psi(a)$. We illustrate the\ntheory by calculating the mean FPT (MFPT) and splitting probabilities for\nabsorption. We also show how our previous results for partially absorbing,\nnon-sticky boundaries can be recovered in an appropriate limit. Absorption now\ndepends on the number of collisions $\\ell(t)$ of the RTP with the boundary.\nFinally, we extend the theory by taking absorption to depend on the individual\noccupation times at the two ends.",
        "positive": "Universal crossing probability in anisotropic systems: Scale-invariant universal crossing probabilities are studied for critical\nanisotropic systems in two dimensions. For weakly anisotropic standard\npercolation in a rectangular-shaped system, Cardy's exact formula is\ngeneralized using a length-rescaling procedure. For strongly anisotropic\nsystems in 1+1 dimensions, exact results are obtained for the random walk with\nabsorbing boundary conditions, which can be considered as a linearized\nmean-field approximation for directed percolation. The bond and site directed\npercolation problem is itself studied numerically via Monte Carlo simulations\non the diagonal square lattice with either free or periodic boundary\nconditions. A scale-invariant critical crossing probability is still obtained,\nwhich is a universal function of the effective aspect ratio r_eff=c r where\nr=L/t^z, z is the dynamical exponent and c is a non-universal amplitude."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interplay of noise induced stability and stochastic resetting: Stochastic resetting and noise-enhanced stability are two phenomena which can\naffect the lifetime and relaxation of nonequilibrium states. They can be\nconsidered as measures of controlling the efficiency of the completion process\nwhen a stochastic system has to reach a desired state. Here, we study\ninteraction of random (Poissonian) resetting and stochastic dynamics in\nunstable potentials. Unlike noise-induced stability which increases the\nrelaxation time, the stochastic resetting may eliminate winding trajectories\ncontributing to the lifetime and accelerate the escape kinetics from unstable\nstates. In the paper we present a framework to analyze compromises between the\ntwo contrasting phenomena in a noise-driven kinetics subject to random\nrestarts.",
        "positive": "Excited-state quantum phase transitions in many-body systems with\n  infinite-range interaction: Localization, dynamics, and bifurcation: Excited state quantum phase transitions (ESQPTs) are generalizations of\nquantum phase transitions (QPTs) to excited levels. They are associated with\nlocal divergences in the density of states. Here, we investigate how the\npresence of an ESQPT can be detected from the analysis of the structure of the\nHamiltonian matrix, the level of localization of the eigenstates, the onset of\nbifurcation, and the speed of the system evolution. Our findings are\nillustrated for a Hamiltonian with infinite-range Ising interaction in a\ntransverse field. This is a version of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model and\nthe limiting case of the one-dimensional spin-1/2 system with tunable\ninteractions realized with ion traps. From our studies for the dynamics, we\nuncover similarities between the LMG and the noninteracting XX models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partial order in a frustrated Potts model: We investigate a 4-state ferromagnetic Potts model with a special type of\ngeometrical frustration on a three dimensional diamond lattice by means of\nWang-Landau Monte Carlo simulation motivated by a peculiar structural phase\ntransition found in $\\beta$-pyrochlore oxide KOs$_2$O$_6$. We find that this\nmodel undergoes unconventional first-order phase transition; half of the spins\nin the system order in a two dimensional hexagonal-sheet-like structure, while\nthe remaining half stay disordered. The ordered sheets and the disordered\nsheets stack one after another. We obtain a fairly large residual entropy at $T\n= 0$ which originates from the disordered sheets.",
        "positive": "Using Available Volume to Predict Fluid Diffusivity in Random Media: We propose a simple equation for predicting self-diffusivity of fluids\nembedded in random matrices of identical, but dynamically frozen, particles\n(i.e., quenched-annealed systems). The only nontrivial input is the volume\navailable to mobile particles, which also can be predicted for two common\nmatrix types that reflect equilibrium and non-equilibrium fluid structures. The\nproposed equation can account for the large differences in mobility exhibited\nby quenched-annealed systems with indistinguishable static pair correlations,\nillustrating the key role that available volume plays in transport."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ballistic macroscopic fluctuation theory: We introduce a new universal framework describing fluctuations and\ncorrelations in quantum and classical many-body systems, at the Euler\nhydrodynamic scale of space and time. The framework adapts the ideas of the\nconventional macroscopic fluctuation theory (MFT) to systems that support\nballistic transport. The resulting \"ballistic MFT\" (BMFT) is solely based on\nthe Euler hydrodynamics data of the many-body system. Within this framework,\nmesoscopic observables are classical random variables depending only on the\nfluctuating conserved densities, and Euler-scale fluctuations are obtained by\ndeterministically transporting thermodynamic fluctuations via the Euler\nhydrodynamics. Using the BMFT, we show that long-range correlations in space\ngenerically develop over time from long-wavelength inhomogeneous initial states\nin interacting models. This result, which we verify by numerical calculations,\nchallenges the long-held paradigm that at the Euler scale, fluid cells may be\nconsidered uncorrelated. We also show that the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation\ntheorem for non-equilibrium ballistic transport follows purely from\ntime-reversal invariance of the Euler hydrodynamics. We check the validity of\nthe BMFT by applying it to integrable systems, and in particular the hard-rod\ngas, with extensive simulations that confirm our analytical results.",
        "positive": "Symmetry resolved entanglement in free fermionic systems: We consider the symmetry resolved R\\'enyi entropies in the one dimensional\ntight binding model, equivalent to the spin-1/2 XX chain in a magnetic field.\nWe exploit the generalised Fisher-Hartwig conjecture to obtain the asymptotic\nbehaviour of the entanglement entropies with a flux charge insertion at leading\nand subleading orders. The o(1) contributions are found to exhibit a rich\nstructure of oscillatory behaviour. We then use these results to extract the\nsymmetry resolved entanglement, determining exactly all the non-universal\nconstants and logarithmic corrections to the scaling that are not accessible to\nthe field theory approach. We also discuss how our results are generalised to a\none-dimensional free fermi gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The $q$-neighbor Ising model on multiplex networks with partial overlap\n  of nodes: The $q$-neighbor Ising model for the opinion formation on multiplex networks\nwith two layers in the form of random graphs (duplex networks), the partial\noverlap of nodes, and LOCAL\\&AND spin update rule was investigated by means of\nthe pair approximation and approximate Master equations as well as Monte Carlo\nsimulations. Both analytic and numerical results show that for different fixed\nsizes of the $q$-neighborhood and finite mean degrees of nodes within the\nlayers the model exhibits qualitatively similar critical behavior as the\nanalogous model on multiplex networks with layers in the form of complete\ngraphs. However, as the mean degree of nodes is decreased the discontinuous\nferromagnetic transition, the tricritical point separating it from the\ncontinuous transition and the possible coexistence of the paramagnetic and\nferromagnetic phases at zero temperature occur for smaller relative sizes of\nthe overlap. Predictions of the simple homogeneous pair approximation\nconcerning the critical behavior of the model under study show good qualitative\nagreement with numerical results; predictions based on the approximate Master\nequations are usually quantitatively more accurate, but yet not exact. Two\nversions of the heterogeneous pair approximation are also derived for the model\nunder study, which, surprisingly, yield predictions only marginally different\nor even identical to those of the simple homogeneous pair approximation. In\ngeneral, predictions of all approximations show better agreement with the\nresults of Monte Carlo simulations in the case of continuous than discontinuous\nferromagnetic transition.",
        "positive": "Phase Behavior of Active Swimmers in Depletants: Molecular Dynamics and\n  Integral Equation Theory: We study the structure and phase behavior of a binary mixture where one of\nthe components is self-propelling in nature. The inter-particle interactions in\nthe system were taken from the Asakura-Oosawa model, for colloid-polymer\nmixtures, for which the phase diagram is known. In the current model version\nthe colloid particles were made active using the Vicsek model for\nself-propelling particles. The resultant active system was studied by molecular\ndynamics methods and integral equation theory. Both methods produce results\nconsistent with each other and demonstrate that the Vicsek model based activity\nfacilitates phase separation, thus broadening the coexistence region."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random-walk shielding-potential viscosity model for warm dense metals: We develop a novel model, called the ``random-walk shielding-potential\nviscosity model'' (RWSP-VM) that introduces the statistics of random-walk ions\nand the Debye shielding effect to describe the viscosities of warm dense\nmetals. The viscosities of several metals with low to high atomic number (Be,\nAl, Fe, and U) are calculated using the analytical expression of RWSP-VM.\nAdditionally, we simulate the viscosities of Fe and Be by employing the\nLangevin molecular dynamics (MD) and classical MD, while the MD data for Al and\nU are obtained from a previous work. The results of the RWSP-VM are in good\nagreement with the MD results, which validates the proposed model. Furthermore,\nwe compare the RWSP-VM with the one-component plasma model and Yukawa viscosity\nmodel and show that the three models yield results in excellent agreement with\neach other in the regime where the RWSP-VM is applicable. These results\nindicate that the RWSP-VM is a universal, accurate, and highly efficient model\nfor calculating the viscosity of metals in the warm dense state. The code of\nthe proposed RWSP-VM is provided, and it is envisaged that it will have broad\napplication prospects in numerous fields.",
        "positive": "A giant disparity and a dynamical phase transition in large deviations\n  of the time-averaged size of stochastic populations: We study large deviations of the time-averaged size of stochastic populations\ndescribed by a continuous-time Markov jump process. When the expected\npopulation size $N$ in the steady state is large, the large deviation function\n(LDF) of the time-averaged population size can be evaluated by using a WKB\n(after Wentzel, Kramers and Brillouin) method, applied directly to the master\nequation for the Markov process. For a class of models that we identify, the\ndirect WKB method predicts a giant disparity between the probabilities of\nobserving an unusually small and an unusually large values of the time-averaged\npopulation size. The disparity results from a qualitative change in the\n\"optimal\" trajectory of the underlying classical mechanics problem. The direct\nWKB method also predicts, in the limit of $N\\to \\infty$, a singularity of the\nLDF, which can be interpreted as a second-order dynamical phase transition. The\ntransition is smoothed at finite $N$, but the giant disparity remains. The\nsmoothing effect is captured by the van-Kampen system size expansion of the\nexact master equation near the attracting fixed point of the underlying\ndeterministic model. We describe the giant disparity at finite $N$ by\ndeveloping a different variant of WKB method, which is applied in conjunction\nwith the Donsker-Varadhan large-deviation formalism and involves\nsubleading-order calculations in $1/N$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics in Terms of a Sequence of $n-$chains Derived from a\n  Martingale Decomposition of the Energy Process: The role of the algebraic method has long been understood in shedding light\non the topological structure of sets. However, when the set is a simplicial\ncomplex and host to a dynamical process, in particular the trajectory of a\ncanonically distributed system in thermal equilibrium with a heat bath, the\nalgebra re-enters. Via a theorem of Levy and Dynkin, there is a correspondence\nbetween a system's energy process at equilibrium and a sequence of $n-$chains\non the state space.",
        "positive": "Time-delayed Duffing oscillator in an active bath: During the last decades active particles have attracted an incipient\nattention as they have been observed in a broad class of scenarios, ranging\nfrom bacterial suspension in living systems to artificial swimmers in\nnonequilibirum systems. The main feature of these particles is that they are\nable to gain kinetic energy from the environment, which is widely modeled by a\nstochastic process due to both (Gaussian) white and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noises.\nIn the present work, we study the nonlinear dynamics of the forced,\ntime-delayed Duffing oscillator subject to these noises, paying special\nattention to their impact upon the maximum oscillations amplitude and\ncharacteristic frequency of the steady state for different values of the time\ndelay and the driving force. Overall, our results indicate that the role of the\ntime delay is substantially modified with respect to the situation without\nnoise. For instance, we show that the oscillations amplitude grows with\nincreasing noise strength when the time delay acts as a damping term in absence\nof noise, whereas the trajectories eventually become aperiodic when the\noscillations are sustained by the time delay. In short, the interplay among the\nnoises, forcing and time delay gives rise to a rich dynamics: a regular and\nperiodic motion is destroyed or restored owing to the competition between the\nnoise and the driving force depending on time delay values, whereas an erratic\nmotion insensitive to the driving force emerges when the time delay makes the\nmotion aperiodic. Interestingly, we also show that, for a sufficient noise\nstrength and forcing amplitude, an approximately periodic interwell motion is\npromoted by means of stochastic resonance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Personal List of Unsolved Problems Concerning Lattice Gases and\n  Antiferromagnetic Potts Models: I review recent results and unsolved problems concerning the hard-core\nlattice gas and the q-coloring model (antiferromagnetic Potts model at zero\ntemperature). For each model, I consider its equilibrium properties\n(uniqueness/nonuniqueness of the infinite-volume Gibbs measure, complex zeros\nof the partition function) and the dynamics of local and nonlocal Monte Carlo\nalgorithms (ergodicity, rapid mixing, mixing at complex fugacity). These\nproblems touch on mathematical physics, probability, combinatorics and\ntheoretical computer science.",
        "positive": "Some properties of the one-dimensional L\u00e9vy crystal: We introduce and discuss the one-dimensional L\\'{e}vy crystal as a probable\ncandidate for an experimentally accessible realization of space fractional\nquantum mechanics (SFQM) in a condensed matter environment. The discretization\nof the space fractional Schr\\\"{o}dinger equation with the help of shifted\nGr\\\"{u}nwald-Letnikov derivatives delivers a straight-forward route to define\nthe L\\'{e}vy crystal of order $\\alpha \\in (1,2]$. As key ingredients for its\nexperimental identification we study the dispersion relation as well as the\ndensity of states for arbitrary $\\alpha \\in (1,2]$. It is demonstrated that in\nthe limit of small wavenumbers all interesting properties of continuous space\nSFQM are recovered, while for $\\alpha \\to 2$ the well-established nearest\nneighbor one-dimensional tight binding chain arises."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Learning multiple order parameters with interpretable machines: Machine-learning techniques are evolving into a subsidiary tool for studying\nphase transitions in many-body systems. However, most studies are tied to\nsituations involving only one phase transition and one order parameter. Systems\nthat accommodate multiple phases of coexisting and competing orders, which are\ncommon in condensed matter physics, remain largely unexplored from a\nmachine-learning perspective. In this paper, we investigate multiclassification\nof phases using support vector machines (SVMs) and apply a recently introduced\nkernel method for detecting hidden spin and orbital orders to learn multiple\nphases and their analytical order parameters. Our focus is on multipolar orders\nand their tensorial order parameters whose identification is difficult with\ntraditional methods. The importance of interpretability is emphasized for\nphysical applications of multiclassification. Furthermore, we discuss an\nintrinsic parameter of SVM, the bias, which allows for a special interpretation\nin the classification of phases, and its utility in diagnosing the existence of\nphase transitions. We show that it can be exploited as an efficient way to\nexplore the topology of unknown phase diagrams where the supervision is\nentirely delegated to the machine.",
        "positive": "Phase diagrams of the ZGB model on random networks: In this work, we revisited the ZGB model in order to study the behavior of\nits phase diagram when two well-known random networks play the role of the\ncatalytic surfaces: the Random Geometric Graph and the Erd\\\"{o}s-R\\'{e}nyi\nnetwork. The connectivity and, therefore, the average number of neighbors of\nthe nodes of these networks can vary according to their control parameters, the\nneighborhood radius $\\alpha$ and the linking probability $p$, respectively. In\naddition, the catalytic reactions of the ZGB model are governed by the\nparameter $y$, the adsorption rate of carbon monoxide molecules on the\ncatalytic surface. So, to study the phase diagrams of the model on both random\nnetworks, we carried out extensive steady-state Monte Carlo simulations in the\nspace parameters ($y,\\alpha$) and ($y,p$) and showed that the continuous phase\ntransition is greatly affected by the topological features of the networks\nwhile the discontinuous one remains present in the diagram throughout the\ninterval of study."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensates with Many Vortices: Vortex-lattice structures of antiferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein\ncondensates with hyperfine spin F=1 are investigated theoretically based on the\nGinzburg-Pitaevskii equations near $T_{c}$. The Abrikosov lattice with clear\ncore regions are found {\\em never stable} at any rotation drive $\\Omega$.\nInstead, each component $\\Psi_{i}$ $(i=0,\\pm 1)$ prefers to shift the core\nlocations from the others to realize almost uniform order-parameter amplitude\nwith complicated magnetic-moment configurations. This system is characterized\nby many competing metastable structures so that quite a variety of vortices may\nbe realized with a small change in external parameters.",
        "positive": "Electrodynamical model of quasi-efficient financial market: The modelling of financial markets presents a problem which is both\ntheoretically challenging and practically important. The theoretical aspects\nconcern the issue of market efficiency which may even have political\nimplications \\cite{Cuthbertson}, whilst the practical side of the problem has\nclear relevance to portfolio management \\cite{Elton} and derivative pricing\n\\cite{Hull}. Up till now all market models contain \"smart money\" traders and\n\"noise\" traders whose joint activity constitutes the market \\cite{DeLong,Bak}.\nOn a short time scale this traditional separation does not seem to be\nrealistic, and is hardly acceptable since all high-frequency market\nparticipants are professional traders and cannot be separated into \"smart\" and\n\"noisy\". In this paper we present a \"microscopic\" model with homogenuous\nquasi-rational behaviour of traders, aiming to describe short time market\nbehaviour. To construct the model we use an analogy between \"screening\" in\nquantum electrodynamics and an equilibration process in a market with temporal\nmispricing \\cite{Ilinski,Dunbar}. As a result, we obtain the time-dependent\ndistribution function of the returns which is in quantitative agreement with\nreal market data and obeys the anomalous scaling relations recently reported\nfor both high-frequency exchange rates \\cite{Breymann}, S&P500 \\cite{Stanley}\nand other stock market indices \\cite{Bouchaud,Australia}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Convergence of simulated annealing by the generalized transition\n  probability: We prove weak ergodicity of the inhomogeneous Markov process generated by the\ngeneralized transition probability of Tsallis and Stariolo under power-law\ndecay of the temperature. We thus have a mathematical foundation to conjecture\nconvergence of simulated annealing processes with the generalized transition\nprobability to the minimum of the cost function. An explicitly solvable example\nin one dimension is analyzed in which the generalized transition probability\nleads to a fast convergence of the cost function to the optimal value. We also\ninvestigate how far our arguments depend upon the specific form of the\ngeneralized transition probability proposed by Tsallis and Stariolo. It is\nshown that a few requirements on analyticity of the transition probability are\nsufficient to assure fast convergence in the case of the solvable model in one\ndimension.",
        "positive": "Information geometric analysis of phase transitions in complex patterns:\n  the case of the Gray-Scott reaction-diffusion model: The Fisher-Rao metric from Information Geometry is related to phase\ntransition phenomena in classical statistical mechanics. Several studies\npropose to extend the use of Information Geometry to study more general phase\ntransitions in complex systems. However, it is unclear whether the Fisher-Rao\nmetric does indeed detect these more general transitions, especially in the\nabsence of a statistical model. In this paper we study the transitions between\npatterns in the Gray-Scott reaction-diffusion model using Fisher information.\nWe describe the system by a probability density function that represents the\nsize distribution of blobs in the patterns and compute its Fisher information\nwith respect to changing the two rate parameters of the underlying model. We\nestimate the distribution non-parametrically so that we do not assume any\nstatistical model. The resulting Fisher map can be interpreted as a phase-map\nof the different patterns. Lines with high Fisher information can be considered\nas boundaries between regions of parameter space where patterns with similar\ncharacteristics appear. These lines of high Fisher information can be\ninterpreted as phase transitions between complex patterns."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Crooks fluctuation theorem and quantum Jarzynski equality in the\n  presence of a reservoir: We consider the quantum mechanical generalization of Crooks Fluctuation\nTheorem and Jarzynski Equality for an open quantum system. The explicit\nexpression for microscopic work for an arbitrary prescribed protocol is\nobtained, and the relation between quantum Crooks Fluctuation Theorem, quantum\nJarzynski Equality and their classical counterparts are clarified. Numerical\nsimulations based on a two-level toy model are used to demonstrate the validity\nof the quantum version of the two theorems beyond linear response theory\nregime.",
        "positive": "Erasure without work in an asymmetric, double-well potential: According to Landauer's principle, erasing a memory requires an average work\nof at least $kT\\ln2$ per bit. Recent experiments have confirmed this prediction\nfor a one-bit memory represented by a symmetric double-well potential. Here, we\npresent an experimental study of erasure for a memory encoded in an asymmetric\ndouble-well potential. Using a feedback trap, we find that the average work to\nerase can be less than $kT\\ln2$. Surprisingly, erasure protocols that differ\nsubtly give measurably different values for the asymptotic work, a result we\nexplain by showing that one protocol is symmetric with the respect to time\nreversal, while the other is not. The differences between the protocols help\nclarify the distinctions between thermodynamic and logical reversibility."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free-fermion entanglement and spheroidal functions: We consider the entanglement properties of free fermions in one dimension and\nreview an approach which relates the problem to the solution of a certain\ndifferential equation. The single-particle eigenfunctions of the entanglement\nHamiltonian are then seen to be spheroidal functions or generalizations of\nthem. The analytical results for the eigenvalue spectrum agree with those\nobtained by other methods. In the continuum case, there are close connections\nto random matrix theory.",
        "positive": "A note on cactus trees: variational vs. recursive approach: In this paper we consider the variational approach to cactus trees (Husimi\ntrees) and the more common recursive approach, that are in principle equivalent\nfor finite systems. We discuss in detail the conditions under which the two\nmethods are equivalent also in the analysis of infinite (self-similar) cactus\ntrees, usually investigated to the purpose of approximating ordinary lattice\nsystems. Such issue is hardly ever stated in the literature. We show (on\nsignificant test models) that the thermodynamic quantities computed by the\nvariational method, when they deviates from the exact bulk properties of the\ncactus system, generally provide a better approximation to the behavior of a\ncorresponding ordinary system. Generalizing a property proved by Kikuchi, we\nalso show that the numerical algorithm usually employed to perform the free\nenergy minimization in the variational approach is always convergent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of a morphological transition in a relativistic gas: Recently, a morphological transition in the velocity distribution of a\nrelativistic gas has been pointed out which shows hallmarks of a critical\nphenomenon. Here, we provide a general framework which allows for a\nthermodynamic approach to such a critical phenomenon. We therefore construct a\nthermodynamic potential which upon expansion leads to Landau-like (mean-field)\ntheory of phase transition. We are therefore able to calculate critical\nexponents and explain the spontaneous emergence of order parameter as a result\nof relativistic constraints. Numerical solutions which confirm our\nthermodynamic approach are also provided. Our approach provides a general\nunderstanding of such a transition as well as leading to some new results.\nFinally, we briefly discuss some possible physical consequences of our results\nas well as considering the case of quantum relativistic gases.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamics, superfluidity and giant number fluctuations in a model of\n  self-propelled particles: We derive hydrodynamics of a prototypical one dimensional model, having\nvariable-range hopping, which mimics passive diffusion and ballistic motion of\nactive, or self-propelled, particles. The model has two main ingredients - the\nhardcore interaction and the competing mechanisms of short and long range\nhopping. We calculate two density-dependent transport coefficients - the\nbulk-diffusion coefficient and the conductivity, the ratio of which, despite\nviolation of detailed balance, is connected to number fluctuation by an\nEinstein relation. In the limit of infinite range hopping, the model exhibits,\nupon tuning density $\\rho$ (or activity), a \"superfluid\" transition from a\nfinitely conducting state to an infinitely conducting one, characterized by a\ndivergence in conductivity $\\chi(\\rho) \\sim (\\rho-\\rho_c)^{-1}$ with $\\rho_c$\nbeing the critical density. The diverging conductivity greatly increases\nparticle (or vacancy) mobility and induces \"giant\" number fluctuations in the\nsystem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phonon Life-times from first principles self consistent lattice dynamics: Phonon lifetime calculations from first principles usually rely on time\nconsuming molecular dynamics calculations, or density functional perturbation\ntheory (DFPT) where the zero temperature crystal structure is assumed to be\ndynamically stable. Here a new and effective method for calculating phonon\nlifetimes from first principles is presented, not limited to crystal structures\nstable at 0 K, and potentially much more effective than most corresponding\nmolecular dynamics calculations. The method is based on the recently developed\nself consistent lattice dynamical method and is here tested by calculating the\nbcc phase phonon lifetimes of Li, Na, Ti and Zr, as representative examples.",
        "positive": "On Refinement of Several Physical Notions and Solution of the Problem of\n  Fluids for Supercritical States: To solve the ancient problem of fluids, i.e., of states in which there is no\ndifference between gas and liquid (the so-called supercritical states), it is\nnecessary to abandon several \"rules of the game\", which are customary to\nphysicists and to refine them by using rigorous mathematical theorems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergent facilitation behavior in a distinguishable-particle lattice\n  model of glass: We propose an interacting lattice gas model of structural glass characterized\nby particle distinguishability and site-particle-dependent random\nnearest-neighboring particle interactions. This incorporates disorder quenched\nin the configuration space rather than in the physical space. The model\nexhibits non-trivial energetics while still admitting exact equilibrium states\ndirectly constructible at arbitrary temperature and density. The dynamics is\ndefined by activated hopping following standard kinetic Monte Carlo approach\nwithout explicit facilitation rule. Kinetic simulations show emergent dynamic\nfacilitation behaviors in the glassy phase in which motions of individual voids\nare significant only when accelerated by other voids nearby. This provides a\nmicroscopic justification for the dynamic facilitation picture of structural\nglass.",
        "positive": "Monotonicity and Condensation in Homogeneous Stochastic Particle Systems: We study stochastic particle systems that conserve the particle density and\nexhibit a condensation transition due to particle interactions. We restrict our\nanalysis to spatially homogeneous systems on finite lattices with stationary\nproduct measures, which includes previously studied zero-range or misanthrope\nprocesses. All known examples of such condensing processes are non-monotone,\ni.e. the dynamics do not preserve a partial ordering of the state space and the\ncanonical measures (with a fixed number of particles) are not monotonically\nordered. For our main result we prove that condensing homogeneous particle\nsystems with finite critical density are necessarily non-monotone. On finite\nlattices condensation can occur even when the critical density is infinite, in\nthis case we give an example of a condensing process that numerical evidence\nsuggests is monotone, and give a partial proof of its monotonicity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Typicality of Prethermalization: Prethermalization refers to the remarkable relaxation behavior which an\nintegrable many-body system in the presence of a weak integrability-breaking\nperturbation may exhibit: After initial transients have died out, it stays for\na long time close to some non-thermal steady state, but on even much larger\ntime scales it ultimately switches over to the proper thermal equilibrium\nbehavior. By extending Deutsch's conceptual framework from Phys. Rev. A 43,\n2046 (1991), we analytically predict that prethermalization is a typical\nfeature for a very general class of such weakly perturbed systems.",
        "positive": "Thin helium film on a glass substrate: We investigate by Monte Carlo simulations the structure, energetics and\nsuperfluid properties of thin helium-four films (up to four layers) on a glass\nsubstrate, at low temperature. The first adsorbed layer is found to be solid\nand \"inert\", i.e., atoms are localized and do not participate to quantum\nexchanges. Additional layers are liquid, with no clear layer separation above\nthe second one. It is found that a single helium-three impurity resides on the\noutmost layer, not significantly further away from the substrate than\nhelium-four atoms on the same layer."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical Stochastic Discrete Time Crystals: We describe a possible general and simple paradigm in a classical thermal\nsetting for discrete time crystals (DTCs), systems with stable dynamics which\nis subharmonic to the driving frequency thus breaking discrete\ntime-translational invariance. We consider specifically an Ising model in two\ndimensions, as a prototypical system with a phase transition into stable phases\ndistinguished by a local order parameter, driven by a thermal dynamics and\nperiodically kicked. We show that for a wide parameter range a stable DTC\nemerges. The phase transition to the DTC state appears to be in the equilibrium\n2D Ising class when dynamics is observed stroboscopically. However, we show\nthat the DTC is a genuine non-equilibrium state. More generally, we speculate\nthat systems with thermal phase transitions to multiple competing phases can\ngive rise to DTCs when appropriately driven.",
        "positive": "Dynamic Model and Phase Transitions for Liquid Helium: This article presents a phenomenological dynamic phase transition theory --\nmodeling and analysis -- for superfluids. As we know, although the\ntime-dependent Ginzburg-Landau model has been successfully used in\nsuperconductivity, and the classical Ginzburg-Landau free energy is still\npoorly applicable to liquid helium in a quantitative sense. The study in this\narticle is based on 1) a new dynamic classification scheme of phase\ntransitions, 2) new time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau models for general\nequilibrium transitions, and 3) the general dynamic transition theory. The\nresults in this article predict the existence of a unstable region H, where\nboth solid and liquid He II states appear randomly depending on fluctuations\nand the existence of a switch point M on the lambda-curve, where the\ntransitions changes types."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantitative assessment of non-conservative radiation forces in an\n  optical trap: The forces acting on an optically trapped particle are usually assumed to be\nconservative. However, the presence of a non-conservative component has\nrecently been demonstrated. Here we propose a technique that permits one to\nquantify the contribution of such non-conservative component. This is an\nextension of a standard optical tweezers calibration technique and, therefore,\ncan easily become a standard test to verify the conservative optical force\nassumption. Using this technique we have analyzed different-sized optically\ntrapped particles under different trapping conditions. We conclude that the\nnon-conservative effects are effectively negligible and do not affect the\nstandard calibration procedure, unless for extremely low-power trapping, far\naway from the trapping regimes usually used in experiments.",
        "positive": "Riemannian Geometry of Optimal Driving and Thermodynamic Length and its\n  Application to Chemical Reaction Networks: It is known that the trajectory of an endoreversibly driven system with\nminimal dissipation is a geodesic on the equilibrium state space. Thereby, the\nstate space is equipped with the Riemannian metric given by the Hessian of the\nfree energy function, known as Fisher information metric. However, the\nderivations given until now require both the system and the driving reservoir\nto be in local equilibrium. In the present work, we rederive the framework for\nchemical reaction networks and thereby enhance its scope of applicability to\nthe nonequilibrium situation. Moreover, because our results are derived without\nrestrictive assumptions, we are able to discuss phenomena that could not been\nseen previously. We introduce a suitable weighted Fisher information metric on\nthe space of chemical concentrations and show that it characterizes the\ndissipation caused by diffusive driving, with arbitrary diffusion rate\nconstants. This allows us to consider driving far from equilibrium. As the main\nresult, we show that the isometric embedding of a steady state manifold into\nthe concentration space yields a lower bound for the dissipation when the\nsystem is driven along the manifold. We give an analytic expression for this\nbound and for the corresponding geodesic, and thereby are able to dissect the\ncontributions from the driving kinetics and from thermodynamics. Finally, we\ndiscuss in detail the application to quasi-thermostatic steady states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time-Delayed Feedback control of a flashing ratchet: Closed-loop or feedback control ratchets use information about the state of\nthe system to operate with the aim of maximizing the performance of the system.\nIn this paper we investigate the effects of a time delay in the feedback for a\nprotocol that performs an instantaneous maximization of the center-of-mass\nvelocity. For the one and the few particle cases the flux decreases with\nincreasing delay, as an effect of the decorrelation of the present state of the\nsystem with the information that the controller uses, but the delayed\nclosed-loop protocol succeeds to perform better than its open-loop counterpart\nprovided the delays are smaller than the characteristic times of the Brownian\nratchet. For the many particle case, we also show that for small delays the\ncenter-of-mass velocity decreases for increasing delays. However, for large\ndelays we find the surprising result that the presence of the delay can improve\nthe performance of the nondelayed feedback ratchet and the flux can attain the\nmaximum value obtained with the optimal periodic protocol. This phenomenon is\nthe result of the emergence of a dynamical regime where the presence of the\ndelayed feedback stabilizes one quasiperiodic solution or several\n(multistability), which resemble the solutions obtained in the so-called\nthreshold protocol. Our analytical and numerical results point towards the\nfeasibility of an experimental implementation of a feedback controlled ratchet\nthat performs equal or better than its optimal open-loop version.",
        "positive": "Semiclassical quantization of the Bogoliubov spectrum: We analyze the Bogoliubov spectrum of the 3-sites Bose-Hubbard model with\nfinite number of Bose particles by using a semiclassical approach. The\nBogoliubov spectrum is shown to be associated with the low-energy regular\ncomponent of the classical Hubbard model. We identify the full set of the\nintegrals of motions of this regular component and, quantizing them, obtain the\nenergy levels of the quantum system. The critical values of the energy, above\nwhich the regular Bogoliubov spectrum evolves into a chaotic spectrum, is\nindicated as well."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non Relativistic Limit of Integrable QFT and Lieb-Liniger Models: In this paper we study a suitable limit of integrable QFT with the aim to\nidentify continuous non-relativistic integrable models with local interactions.\nThis limit amounts to sending to infinity the speed of light c but\nsimultaneously adjusting the coupling constant g of the quantum field theories\nin such a way to keep finite the energies of the various excitations. The QFT\nconsidered here are Toda Field Theories and the O(N) non-linear sigma model. In\nboth cases the resulting non-relativistic integrable models consist only of\nLieb-Liniger models, which are fully decoupled for the Toda theories while\nsymmetrically coupled for the O(N) model. These examples provide explicit\nevidence of the universality and ubiquity of the Lieb-Liniger models and, at\nthe same time, suggest that these models may exhaust the list of possible\nnon-relativistic integrable theories of bosonic particles with local\ninteractions.",
        "positive": "Heat Transport in low-dimensional systems: Recent results on theoretical studies of heat conduction in low-dimensional\nsystems are presented. These studies are on simple, yet nontrivial, models.\nMost of these are classical systems, but some quantum-mechanical work is also\nreported. Much of the work has been on lattice models corresponding to phononic\nsystems, and some on hard particle and hard disc systems. A recently developed\napproach, using generalized Langevin equations and phonon Green's functions, is\nexplained and several applications to harmonic systems are given. For\ninteracting systems, various analytic approaches based on the Green-Kubo\nformula are described, and their predictions are compared with the latest\nresults from simulation. These results indicate that for momentum-conserving\nsystems, transport is anomalous in one and two dimensions, and the thermal\nconductivity kappa, diverges with system size L, as kappa ~ L^alpha. For one\ndimensional interacting systems there is strong numerical evidence for a\nuniversal exponent alpha =1/3, but there is no exact proof for this so far. A\nbrief discussion of some of the experiments on heat conduction in nanowires and\nnanotubes is also given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Linear Stochastic Equations with Calculable Steady States: We consider generalizations of the Kardar--Parisi--Zhang equation that\naccomodate spatial anisotropies and the coupled evolution of several fields,\nand focus on their symmetries and non-perturbative properties. In particular,\nwe derive generalized fluctuation--dissipation conditions on the form of the\n(non-linear) equations for the realization of a Gaussian probability density of\nthe fields in the steady state. For the amorphous growth of a single height\nfield in one dimension we give a general class of equations with exactly\ncalculable (Gaussian and more complicated) steady states. In two dimensions, we\nshow that any anisotropic system evolves on long time and length scales either\nto the usual isotropic strong coupling regime or to a linear-like fixed point\nassociated with a hidden symmetry. Similar results are derived for textural\ngrowth equations that couple the height field with additional order parameters\nwhich fluctuate on the growing surface. In this context, we propose\nphenomenological equations for the growth of a crystalline material, where the\nheight field interacts with lattice distortions, and identify two special cases\nthat obtain Gaussian steady states. In the first case compression modes\ninfluence growth and are advected by height fluctuations, while in the second\ncase it is the density of dislocations that couples with the height.",
        "positive": "Melting of an Ising Quadrant: We consider an Ising ferromagnet endowed with zero-temperature spin-flip\ndynamics and examine the evolution of the Ising quadrant, namely the spin\nconfiguration when the minority phase initially occupies a quadrant while the\nmajority phase occupies three remaining quadrants. The two phases are then\nalways separated by a single interface which generically recedes into the\nminority phase in a self-similar diffusive manner. The area of the invaded\nregion grows (on average) linearly with time and exhibits non-trivial\nfluctuations. We map the interface separating the two phases onto the\none-dimensional symmetric simple exclusion process and utilize this isomorphism\nto compute basic cumulants of the area. First, we determine the variance via an\nexact microscopic analysis (the Bethe ansatz). Then we turn to a continuum\ntreatment by recasting the underlying exclusion process into the framework of\nthe macroscopic fluctuation theory. This provides a systematic way of analyzing\nthe statistics of the invaded area and allows us to determine the asymptotic\nbehaviors of the first four cumulants of the area."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low temperature TBA and GHD for simple integrable QFT: We derive the low temperature thermodynamic equations corrected by virtual\nprocesses for integrable QFT on large but finite size space circle. Obtained\nTBA's are solved numerically for the sinh-Gordon model. We also derive\ncorresponding Euler scale generalized hydrodynamics (GHD) equations.",
        "positive": "Dissipative Effects in Nonlinear Klein-Gordon Dynamics: We consider dissipation in a recently proposed nonlinear Klein-Gordon\ndynamics that admits soliton-like solutions of the power-law form\n$e_q^{i(kx-wt)}$, involving the $q$-exponential function naturally arising\nwithin the nonextensive thermostatistics [$e_q^z \\equiv [1+(1-q)z]^{1/(1-q)}$,\nwith $e_1^z=e^z$]. These basic solutions behave like free particles, complying,\nfor all values of $q$, with the de Broglie-Einstein relations $p=\\hbar k$,\n$E=\\hbar \\omega$ and satisfying a dispersion law corresponding to the\nrelativistic energy-momentum relation $E^2 = c^2p^2 + m^2c^4 $. The dissipative\neffects explored here are described by an evolution equation that can be\nregarded as a nonlinear version of the celebrated telegraphists equation,\nunifying within one single theoretical framework the nonlinear Klein-Gordon\nequation, a nonlinear Schroedinger equation, and the power-law diffusion\n(porous media) equation. The associated dynamics exhibits physically appealing\nsoliton-like traveling solutions of the $q$-plane wave form with a complex\nfrequency $\\omega$ and a $q$-Gaussian square modulus profile."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy transport between two integrable spin chains: We study the energy transport in a system of two half-infinite XXZ chains\ninitially kept separated at different temperatures, and later connected and let\nfree to evolve unitarily. By changing independently the parameters of the two\nhalves, we highlight, through bosonisation and time-dependent\nmatrix-product-state simulations, the different contributions of low-lying\nbosonic modes and of fermionic quasi-particles to the energy transport. In the\nsimulations we also observe that the energy current reaches a finite value\nwhich only slowly decays to zero. The general pictures that emerges is the\nfollowing. Since integrability is only locally broken in this model, a\npre-equilibration behaviour may appear. In particular, when the sound\nvelocities of the bosonic modes of the two halves match, the low-temperature\nenergy current is almost stationary and described by a formula with a\nnon-universal prefactor interpreted as a transmission coefficient.\nThermalisation, characterized by the absence of any energy flow, occurs only on\nlonger time-scales which are not accessible with our numerics.",
        "positive": "Exact Complexity: The Spectral Decomposition of Intrinsic Computation: We give exact formulae for a wide family of complexity measures that capture\nthe organization of hidden nonlinear processes. The spectral decomposition of\noperator-valued functions leads to closed-form expressions involving the full\neigenvalue spectrum of the mixed-state presentation of a process's\nepsilon-machine causal-state dynamic. Measures include correlation functions,\npower spectra, past-future mutual information, transient and synchronization\ninformations, and many others. As a result, a direct and complete analysis of\nintrinsic computation is now available for the temporal organization of\nfinitary hidden Markov models and nonlinear dynamical systems with generating\npartitions and for the spatial organization in one-dimensional systems,\nincluding spin systems, cellular automata, and complex materials via chaotic\ncrystallography."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The spectrum of large powers of the Laplacian in bounded domains: We present exact results for the spectrum of the Nth power of the Laplacian\nin a bounded domain. We begin with the one dimensional case and show that the\nwhole spectrum can be obtained in the limit of large N. We also show that it is\na useful numerical approach valid for any N. Finally, we discuss implications\nof this work and present its possible extensions for non integer N and for 3D\nLaplacian problems.",
        "positive": "Effects of the randomly distributed magnetic field on the phase diagrams\n  of the transverse Ising thin film: The effect of the zero centered Gaussian random magnetic field distribution\non the phase diagrams and ground state magnetizations of the transverse Ising\nthin film has been investigated. As a formulation, the differential operator\ntechnique and decoupling approximation within the effective field theory has\nbeen used. The variation of the phase diagrams with the Gaussian distribution\nwidth (\\sigma) has been obtained and particular attention has been paid on the\nevolution of the special point coordinate with distribution parameter. In\naddition, the ground state longitudinal and transverse magnetization behaviors\nhave been investigated in detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superfluid equation of state of dilute composite bosons: We present an exact theory of the BEC-BCS crossover in the BEC regime, which\ntreats explicitely dimers as made of two fermions. We apply our framework, at\nzero temperature, to the calculation of the equation of state. We find that,\nwhen expanding the chemical potential in powers of the density n up to the\nLee-Huang-Yang order, proportional to n^3/2, the result is identical to the one\nof elementary bosons in terms of the dimer-dimer scattering length a_M, the\ncomposite nature of the dimers appearing only in the next order term\nproportional to n^2 .",
        "positive": "Gravito-thermal transports, Onsager reciprocal relation and\n  gravitational Wiedemann-Franz law: Using the near-detailed-balance distribution function obtained in our recent\nwork, we present a set of covariant gravito-thermal transport equations for\nneutral relativistic gases in a generic stationary spacetime. All relevant\ntensorial transport coefficients are worked out and are presented using some\nparticular integration functions in $(\\alpha,\\zeta)$, where $\\alpha =\n-\\beta\\mu$ and $\\zeta =\\beta m$ is the relativistic coldness, with $\\beta$\nbeing the inverse temperature and $\\mu$ being the chemical potential. It is\nshown that the Onsager reciprocal relation holds in the gravito-thermal\ntransport phenomena, and that the heat conductivity and the\ngravito-conductivity tensors are proportional to each other, with the\ncoefficient of proportionality given by the product of the so-called Lorenz\nnumber with the temperature, thus proving a gravitational variant of the\nWiedemann-Franz law. It is remarkable that, for strongly degenerate Fermi\ngases, the Lorenz number takes a universal constant value $L=\\pi^2/3$, which\nextends the Wiedemann-Franz law into the Wiedemann-Franz-Lorenz law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evolution of the System with Singular Multiplicative Noise: The governed equations for the order parameter, one-time and two-time\ncorrelators are obtained on the basis of the Langevin equation with the white\nmultiplicative noise which amplitude $x^{a}$ is determined by an exponent\n$0<a<1$ ($x$ being a stochastic variable). It turns out that equation for\nautocorrelator includes an anomalous average of the power-law function with the\nfractional exponent $2a$. Determination of this average for the stochastic\nsystem with a self-similar phase space is performed. It is shown that at\n$a>1/2$, when the system is disordered, the correlator behaves\nnon-monotonically in the course of time, whereas the autocorrelator is\nincreased monotonically. At $a<1/2$ the phase portrait of the system evolution\ndivides into two domains: at small initial values of the order parameter, the\nsystem evolves to a disordered state, as above; within the ordered domain it is\nattracted to the point having the finite values of the autocorrelator and order\nparameter. The long-time asymptotes are defined to show that, within the\ndisordered domain, the autocorrelator decays hyperbolically and the order\nparameter behaves as the power-law function with fractional exponent $-2(1-a)$.\nCorrespondingly, within the ordered domain, the behavior of both dependencies\nis exponential with an index proportional to $-t\\ln t$.",
        "positive": "Perturbation theory methods applied to critical phenomena: Different perturbation theory treatments of the Ginzburg-Landau phase\ntransition model are discussed. This includes a criticism of the perturbative\nrenormalization group (RG) approach and a proposal of a novel method providing\ncritical exponents consistent with the known exact solutions in two dimensions.\nThe new values of critical exponents are discussed and compared to the results\nof numerical simulations and experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inequivalence of ensembles in statistical mechanics: For studying the thermodynamic properties of systems using statistical\nmechanics we propose an ensemble that lies in between the familiar canonical\nand microcanonical ensembles. From a comparative study of these ensembles we\nconclude that all these ensembles may not yield the same results even in the\nthermodynamic limit except at high temperatures. An investigation of the\ncoupling between systems suggest that the state of thermodynamic equilibrium is\na special case of statistical equilibrium. As a byproduct of this analysis we\nhave obtained a general form for probability density function in an interval.",
        "positive": "Ergodicity of the Wang--Swendsen--Koteck\u00fd algorithm on several classes\n  of lattices on the torus: We prove the ergodicity of the Wang--Swendsen--Koteck\\'y (WSK) algorithm for\nthe zero-temperature $q$-state Potts antiferromagnet on several classes of\nlattices on the torus. In particular, the WSK algorithm is ergodic for $q\\ge 4$\non any quadrangulation of the torus of girth $\\ge 4$. It is also ergodic for $q\n\\ge 5$ (resp. $q \\ge 3$) on any Eulerian triangulation of the torus such that\none sublattice consists of degree-4 vertices while the other two sublattices\ninduce a quadrangulation of girth $\\ge 4$ (resp.~a bipartite quadrangulation)\nof the torus. These classes include many lattices of interest in statistical\nmechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature scaling analysis of the 3D disordered Ising model with\n  power-law correlated defects: We consider the three-dimensional site-diluted Ising model with power-law\ncorrelated defects and study the critical behavior of the second-moment\ncorrelation length and the magnetic susceptibility in the high-temperature\nphase. By comparing, for various defect correlation strengths, the extracted\ncritical exponents $\\nu$ and $\\gamma$ with the results of our previous\nfinite-size scaling study, we consolidate the exponent estimates.",
        "positive": "Microrheology of supercooled liquids in terms of a continuous time\n  random walk: Molecular dynamics simulations of a glass-forming model system are performed\nunder application of a microrheological perturbation on a tagged particle. The\ntrajectory of that particle is studied in its underlying potential energy\nlandscape. Discretization of the configuration space is achieved via a\nmetabasin analysis. The linear and nonlinear responses of drift and diffusive\nbehavior can be interpreted and analyzed in terms of a continuous time random\nwalk. In this way the physical origin of linear and nonlinear response can be\nidentified. Critical forces are determined and compared with predictions from\nliterature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time-averaged MSD of Brownian motion: We study the statistical properties of the time-averaged mean-square\ndisplacements (TAMSD). This is a standard non-local quadratic functional for\ninferring the diffusion coefficient from an individual random trajectory of a\ndiffusing tracer in single-particle tracking experiments. For Brownian motion,\nwe derive an exact formula for the Laplace transform of the probability density\nof the TAMSD by mapping the original problem onto chains of coupled harmonic\noscillators. From this formula, we deduce the first four cumulant moments of\nthe TAMSD, the asymptotic behavior of the probability density and its accurate\napproximation by a generalized Gamma distribution.",
        "positive": "Feedback mechanisms for self-organization to the edge of a phase\n  transition: Scale-free outbursts of activity are commonly observed in physical,\ngeological, and biological systems. The idea of self-organized criticality\n(SOC), introduced back in 1987 by Bak, Tang and Wiesenfeld suggests that, under\ncertain circumstances, natural systems can seemingly self-tune to a critical\nstate with its concomitant power-laws and scaling. Theoretical progress allowed\nfor a rationalization of how SOC works by relating its critical properties to\nthose of a standard non-equilibrium second-order phase transition that\nseparates an active state in which dynamical activity reverberates\nindefinitely, from an absorbing or quiescent state where activity eventually\nceases. Here, we briefly review these ideas as well as a recent closely-related\nconcept: self-organized bistability (SOB). In SOB, the very same type of\nfeedback operates in a system characterized by a discontinuos phase transition,\nwhich has no critical point but instead presents bistability between active and\nquiescent states. SOB also leads to scale-invariant avalanches of activity but,\nin this case, with a different type of scaling and coexisting with anomalously\nlarge outbursts. Moreover, SOB explains experiments with real sandpiles more\nclosely than SOC. We review similarities and differences between SOC and SOB by\npresenting and analyzing them under a common theoretical framework, covering\nrecent results as well as possible future developments. We also discuss other\nrelated concepts for \"imperfect\" self-organization such as \"self-organized\nquasi-criticality\" and \"self-organized collective oscillations\", of relevance\nin e.g. neuroscience, with the aim of providing an overview of feedback\nmechanisms for self-organization to the edge of a phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical route to ergodicity and scarring in collective quantum systems: Ergodicity, a fundamental concept in statistical mechanics, is not yet a\nfully understood phenomena for closed quantum systems, particularly its\nconnection with the underlying chaos. In this review, we consider a few\nexamples of collective quantum systems to unveil the intricate relationship of\nergodicity as well as its deviation due to quantum scarring phenomena with\ntheir classical counterpart. A comprehensive overview of classical and quantum\nchaos is provided, along with the tools essential for their detection.\nFurthermore, we survey recent theoretical and experimental advancements in the\ndomain of ergodicity and its violations. This review aims to illuminate the\nclassical perspective of quantum scarring phenomena in interacting quantum\nsystems.",
        "positive": "The saddle-point method for condensed Bose gases: The application of the conventional saddle-point approximation to condensed\nBose gases is thwarted by the approach of the saddle-point to the ground-state\nsingularity of the grand canonical partition function. We develop and test a\nvariant of the saddle-point method which takes proper care of this\ncomplication, and provides accurate, flexible, and computationally efficient\naccess to both canonical and microcanonical statistics. Remarkably, the error\ncommitted when naively employing the conventional approximation in the\ncondensate regime turns out to be universal, that is, independent of the\nsystem's single-particle spectrum. The new scheme is able to cover all\ntemperatures, including the critical temperature interval that marks the onset\nof Bose--Einstein condensation, and reveals in analytical detail how this onset\nleads to sharp features in gases with a fixed number of particles. In\nparticular, within the canonical ensemble the crossover from the\nhigh-temperature asymptotics to the condensate regime occurs in an\nerror-function-like manner; this error function reduces to a step function when\nthe particle number becomes large. Our saddle-point formulas for occupation\nnumbers and their fluctuations, verified by numerical calculations, clearly\nbring out the special role played by the ground state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of a 2D spin-pseudospin model in a strong exchange\n  limit: We study the 2D static spin-pseudospin model equivalent to the dilute\nfrustrated antiferromagnetic Ising model with charge impurities. We present the\nresults of classical Monte Carlo simulation on a square lattice with periodic\nboundary conditions in a strong exchange limit. In the framework of the\nfinite-size scaling theory we obtained the static critical exponents for the\nspecific heat $\\alpha$ and the correlation length $\\nu$ for a wide range of the\nlocal density-density interaction parameter $\\Delta$ and charge density $n$. It\nwas shown that the system exhibits non-universal critical behavior depending on\nthese parameters.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic properties of turbulent magnetohydrodynamics: The dynamic renormalization group (RG) is used to study the large-distance\nand long-time limits of viscous and resistive incompressible\nmagnetohydrodynamics subject to random forces and currents. The scale-dependent\nviscosity and magnetic resistivity are derived and used for carrying out\nRG-improved perturbation theory. This is applied to derive both the asymptotic\nscaling and the overall proportionality coefficients for both the velocity and\nmagnetic field correlation functions as well as the kinetic and magnetic energy\ndensity spectral functions. The Kolmogorov, Iroshnikov-Kraichnan, as well as\nother energy spectra, formally can be obtained by suitable choice of injected\nnoise, although the method limits the validity of these energy spectra only to\nthe asymptotic regime . Injection of a random magnetic helicity is considered,\nits RG-improved spectral density derived, and its contribution to the velocity\nand magnetic field correlation functions determined. The RG scaling solutions\nare used to determine information at asymptotic scales about energy and\nhelicity cascade directions and mixing between magnetic and kinetic energy.\nSome of the results found here also are shown to be valid for the Navier-Stokes\nhydrodynamic equation. The results have applicability to geomagnetism as well\nas cosmic magnetic fields at astrophysical and cosmological scales."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional oscillator: We consider the fractional oscillator being a generalization of the\nconventional linear oscillator in the framework of fractional calculus. It is\ninterpreted as an ensemble average of ordinary harmonic oscillators governed by\nstochastic time arrow. The intrinsic absorption of the fractional oscillator\nresults from the full contribution of the harmonic oscillators' ensemble: these\noscillators differs a little from each other in frequency so that each response\nis compensated by an antiphase response of another harmonic oscillator. This\nallows to draw a parallel in the dispersion analysis for the media described by\nthe fractional oscillator and the ensemble of ordinary harmonic oscillators\nwith damping. The features of this analysis are discussed.",
        "positive": "Integrability breaking from backscattering: We analyze the onset of diffusive hydrodynamics in the one-dimensional\nhard-rod gas subject to stochastic backscattering. While this perturbation\nbreaks integrability and leads to a crossover from ballistic to diffusive\ntransport, it preserves infinitely many conserved quantities corresponding to\neven moments of the velocity distribution of the gas. In the limit of small\nnoise, we derive the exact expressions for the diffusion and structure factor\nmatrices, and show that they generically have off-diagonal components in the\npresence of interactions. We find that the particle density structure factor is\nnon-Gaussian and singular near the origin, with a return probability showing\nlogarithmic deviations from diffusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On two-time distribution functions in (1+1) random directed polymers: The asymptotic analytic expression for the two-time free energy distribution\nfunction in (1+1) random directed polymers is derived in the limit when the two\ntimes are close to each other",
        "positive": "A Variational Approach to Monte Carlo Renormalization Group: We present a Monte Carlo method for computing the renormalized coupling\nconstants and the critical exponents within renormalization theory. The scheme,\nwhich derives from a variational principle, overcomes critical slowing down, by\nmeans of a bias potential that renders the coarse grained variables\nuncorrelated. The 2D Ising model is used to illustrate the method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ripening Kinetics of Bubbles: A Molecular Dynamics Study: The ripening kinetics of bubbles is studied by performing molecular dynamics\nsimulations. From the time evolution of a system, the growth rates of\nindividual bubbles are determined. At low temperatures, the system exhibits a\n$t^{1/2}$ law and the growth rate is well described by classical\nLifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) theory for the reaction-limited case. This is\ndirect evidence that the bubble coarsening at low temperatures is\nreaction-limited. At high temperatures, although the system exhibits a\n$t^{1/3}$ law, which suggests that it is diffusion-limited, the accuracy of the\ngrowth rate is insufficient to determine whether the form is consistent with\nthe prediction of LSW theory for the diffusion-limited case. The gas volume\nfraction dependence of the coarsening behavior is also studied. Although the\nbehavior of the system at low temperatures has little sensitivity to the gas\nvolume fraction up to 10%, that at high temperatures deviates from the\nprediction of LSW theory for the diffusion-limited case as the gas volume\nfraction increases. These results show that the mean-field-like treatment is\nvalid for a reaction-limited system even with a finite volume fraction, while\nit becomes inappropriate for a diffusion-limited system since classical LSW\ntheory for the diffusion-limited case is valid at the dilute limit.",
        "positive": "Perturbative continued-fraction method for weakly interacting Brownian\n  spins and dipoles: The continued-fraction method was developed systematically by Risken and\nco-workers to solve problems of arbitrary fluctuations in nonlinear systems.\nHowever, this efficient technique is limited to problems with a few variables,\nwhich in practice means systems of noninteracting entities (particles, spins,\netc.) We illustrate how to extend the continued-fraction method to weakly\ncoupled systems with the problem of relaxation in classical spins."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Definition of Metastability for Markov Processes with Detailed Balance: A definition of metastable states applicable to arbitrary finite state Markov\nprocesses satisfying detailed balance is discussed. In particular, we identify\na crucial condition that distinguishes genuine metastable states from other\ntypes of slowly decaying modes and which leads to properties similar to those\npostulated in the restricted ensemble approach \\cite{pen71}. The intuitive\nphysical meaning of this condition is simply that the total equilibrium\nprobability of finding the system in the metastable state is negligible. As a\nconcrete application of our formalism we present preliminary results on a 2D\nkinetic Ising model.",
        "positive": "Origins of scaling relations in nonequilibrium growth: Scaling and hyperscaling laws provide exact relations among critical\nexponents describing the behavior of a system at criticality. For\nnonequilibrium growth models with a conserved drift there exist few of them.\nOne such relation is $\\alpha +z=4$, found to be inexact in a renormalization\ngroup calculation for several classical models in this field. Herein we focus\non the two-dimensional case and show that it is possible to construct conserved\nsurface growth equations for which the relation $\\alpha +z=4$ is exact in the\nrenormalization group sense. We explain the presence of this scaling law in\nterms of the existence of geometric principles dominating the dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bulk and surface properties in the critical phase of the two-dimensional\n  XY model: Monte Carlo simulations of the two-dimensional XY model are performed in a\nsquare geometry with various boundary conditions (BC). Using conformal mappings\nwe deduce the exponent $\\eta_\\sigma(T)$ of the order parameter correlation\nfunction and its surface analogue $\\eta_\\|(T)$ as a function of the temperature\nin the critical (low-temperature) phase of the model.",
        "positive": "Lattice Heat Capacity of Mesoscopic Nanostructures: We present a rigorous full quantum mechanical model for the lattice heat\ncapacity of mesoscopic nanostructures in various dimensions. Model can be\napplied to arbitrary nanostructures with known vibrational spectrum in zero,\none, two, or three dimensions. The limiting case of infinitely sized\nmulti-dimensional materials are also found, which are in agreement with\nwell-known results. As examples, we obtain the heat capacity of fullerenes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of the nature of randomness on quenching dynamics of Ising model\n  on complex networks: Randomness is known to affect the dynamical behaviour of many systems to a\nlarge extent. In this paper we investigate how the nature of randomness affects\nthe dynamics in a zero temperature quench of Ising model on two types of random\nnetworks. In both the networks, which are embedded in a one dimensional space,\nthe first neighbour connections exist and the average degree is four per node.\nIn the random model A, the second neighbour connections are rewired with a\nprobability $p$ while in the random model B, additional connections between\nneighbours at Euclidean distance $l ~ (l >1)$ are introduced with a probability\n$P(l) \\propto l^{-\\alpha}$. We find that for both models, the dynamics leads to\nfreezing such that the system gets locked in a disordered state. The point at\nwhich the disorder of the nonequilibrium steady state is maximum is located.\nBehaviour of dynamical quantities like residual energy, order parameter and\npersistence are discussed and compared. Overall, the behaviour of physical\nquantities are similar although subtle differences are observed due to the\ndifference in the nature of randomness.",
        "positive": "Evolution in complex systems: What features characterise complex system dynamics? Power laws and scale\ninvariance of fluctuations are often taken as the hallmarks of complexity,\ndrawing on analogies with equilibrium critical phenomena[1-3]. Here we argue\nthat slow, directed dynamics, during which the system's properties change\nsignificantly, is fundamental. The underlying dynamics is related to a slow,\ndecelerating but spasmodic release of an intrinsic strain or tension. Time\nseries of a number of appropriate observables can be analysed to confirm this\neffect. The strain arises from local frustration. As the strain is released\nthrough \"quakes\", some system variable undergoes record statistics with\naccompanying log-Poisson statistics for the quake event times[4]. We\ndemonstrate these phenomena via two very different systems: a model of magnetic\nrelaxation in type II superconductors and the Tangled Nature model of\nevolutionary ecology, and show how quantitative indications of ageing can be\nfound."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Husimi lattice solutions and the coherent-anomaly-method analysis for\n  hard-square lattice gases: Although lattice gases composed by $k$NN particles, forbidding up to their\n$k$th nearest neighbors of being occupied, have been widely investigated in\nliterature, the location and the universality class of the fluid-columnar\ntransition in the 2NN model on the square lattice is still a topic of debate.\nHere, we present grand-canonical solutions of this model on Husimi lattices\nbuilt with diagonal square lattices, with $2L(L+1)$ sites, for $L \\leqslant 7$.\nThe systematic sequence of mean-field solutions confirms the existence of a\ncontinuous transition in this system and extrapolations of the critical\nchemical potential $\\mu_{2,c}(L)$ and particle density $\\rho_{2,c}(L)$ to $L\n\\rightarrow \\infty$ yield estimates of these quantities in close agreement with\nprevious results for the 2NN model on the square lattice. To confirm the\nreliability of this approach we employ it also for the 1NN model, where very\naccurate estimates for the critical parameters $\\mu_{1,c}$ and $\\rho_{1,c}$ --\nfor the fluid-solid transition in this model on the square lattice -- are found\nfrom extrapolations of data for $L \\leqslant 6$. The non-classical critical\nexponents for these transitions are investigated through the coherent anomaly\nmethod (CAM), which in the 1NN case yields $\\beta$ and $\\nu$ differing by at\nmost 6\\% from the expected Ising exponents. For the 2NN model, the CAM analysis\nis somewhat inconclusive, because the exponents sensibly depend on the value of\n$\\mu_{2,c}$ used to calculate them. Notwithstanding, our results suggest that\n$\\beta$ and $\\nu$ are considerably larger than the Ashkin-Teller exponents\nreported in numerical studies of the 2NN system.",
        "positive": "Entanglement entropy of a quantum unbinding transition and entropy of\n  DNA: Two significant consequences of quantum fluctuations are entanglement and\ncriticality. Entangled states may not be critical but a critical state shows\nsignatures of universality in entanglement. A surprising result found here is\nthat the entanglement entropy may become arbitrarily large and negative near\nthe dissociation of a bound pair of quantum particles. Although apparently\ncounter-intuitive, it is shown to be consistent and essential for the phase\ntransition, by mapping to a classical problem of DNA melting. We associate the\nentanglement entropy to a subextensive part of the entropy of DNA bubbles,\nwhich is responsible for melting. The absence of any extensivity requirement in\ntime makes this negative entropy an inevitable consequence of quantum mechanics\nin continuum. Our results encompass quantum critical points and first-order\ntransitions in general dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Network Growth with Preferential Attachment for High Indegree and Low\n  Outdegree: We study the growth of a directed transportation network, such as a food web,\nin which links carry resources. We propose a growth process in which new nodes\n(or species) preferentially attach to existing nodes with high indegree (in\nfood-web language, number of prey) and low outdegree (or number of predators).\nThis scheme, which we call inverse preferential attachment, is intended to\nmaximize the amount of resources available to each new node. We show that the\noutdegree (predator) distribution decays at least exponentially fast for large\noutdegree and is continuously tunable between an exponential distribution and a\ndelta function. The indegree (prey) distribution is poissonian in the\nlarge-network limit.",
        "positive": "Microscopic Gyration with Dissipative Coupling: Microscopic gyrators, including Brownian gyrators (BGs), require anisotropic\nfluctuations to perform gyration. It produces a finite current, driving the\nsystem out of equilibrium. In a typical BG set-up with an isotropic colloidal\nparticle, the anisotropy sets in by the coupling among space dimensions via an\nexternally applied anisotropic potential confining the particle and the\ndifference between the temperatures along various space dimensions. The\ncoupling is conservative. Here, contrary to a typical BG, first we consider an\nover-damped, anisotropic colloidal particle (a Brownian ellipsoid), trapped in\nan isotropic harmonic potential in two dimensions (2D). The space dimensions\nare coupled by the difference between the longitudinal and transverse\nfrictional drags experienced by the ellipsoid, together with a finite tilt in\nits orientation due to its chirality. The coupling is dissipative. They are\nintrinsic properties of the particle. We have shown that this dissipative\ncoupling can generate enough anisotropic fluctuations to perform a steady-state\ngyration in the Brownian scale. Next, going beyond BG, we have considered an\ninertial, granular, chiral ellipsoid in 2D, subjected to athermal, anisotropic\nfluctuations. There is no trapping force confining the granular ellipsoid.\nHowever, the coupling between the velocity components of the granular ellipsoid\nis still dissipative. We have shown that being assisted by the dissipative\ncoupling and the anisotropic fluctuations, the inertial, granular ellipsoid can\nalso perform gyration in 2D. We have also shown that the dominant contribution\ntowards the gyrating frequency can be attributed to the Coriolis force acting\non the granular ellipsoid. Hence, the gyrator in the granular scale is also a\ntiny autonomous machine that generates a directed motion (gyration) from\nfluctuations. Although there are fundamental differences between the two."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Directed transport driven by the transverse wall vibration: Directed transport of overdamped Brownian particles in an asymmetrically\nperiodic tube is investigated in the presence of the tube wall vibration. From\nthe Brownian dynamics simulations we can find that the perpendicular wall\nvibration can induce a net current in the longitudinal direction when the tube\nis asymmetric. The direction of the current at low frequency is opposite to\nthat at high frequency. One can change the direction of the current by suitably\ntailoring the frequency of the wall vibration.",
        "positive": "A Hessian Geometric Structure of Chemical Thermodynamic Systems with\n  Stoichiometric Constraints: We establish a Hessian geometric structure in chemical thermodynamics which\ndescribes chemical reaction networks (CRNs) with equilibrium states. In our\nsetup, the ideal gas assumption and mass action kinetics are not required. The\nexistence and uniqueness condition of the equilibrium state is derived by using\nthe Legendre duality inherent to the Hessian structure. The entropy production\nduring a relaxation to the equilibrium state can be evaluated by the Bregman\ndivergence. Furthermore, the equilibrium state is characterized by four\ndistinct minimization problems of the divergence, which are obtained from the\ngeneralized Pythagorean theorem originating in the dual flatness. For the ideal\ngas case, we confirm that our existence and uniqueness condition implies\nBirch's theorem, and that the entropy production represented by the divergence\ncoincides with the generalized Kullback-Leibler divergence. In addition, under\nmass action kinetics, our general framework reproduces the local detailed\nbalance condition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work Fluctuations and Stochastic Resonance: We study Brownian particle motion in a double-well potential driven by an ac\nforce. This system exhibits the phenomenon of stochastic resonance.\nDistribution of work done on the system over a drive period in the time\nasymptotic regime have been calculated. We show that fluctuations in the input\nenergy or work done dominate the mean value. The mean value of work done over a\nperiod as a function of noise strength can also be used to characterise\nstochastic resonance in the system. We also discuss the validity of steady\nstate fluctuation theorems in this particular system.",
        "positive": "A Markov State Modeling analysis of sliding dynamics of a 2D model: Non-equilibrium Markov State Modeling (MSM) has recently been proposed [Phys.\nRev. E 94, 053001 (2016)] as a possible route to construct a physical theory of\nsliding friction from a long steady state atomistic simulation: the approach\nbuilds a small set of collective variables, which obey a transition-matrix\nbased equation of motion, faithfully describing the slow motions of the system.\nA crucial question is whether this approach can be extended from the original\n1D small size demo to larger and more realistic size systems, without an\ninordinate increase of the number and complexity of the collective variables.\nHere we present a direct application of the MSM scheme to the sliding of an\nisland made of over 1000 harmonically bound particles over a 2D periodic\npotential. Based on a totally unprejudiced phase space metric and without\nrequiring any special doctoring, we find that here too the scheme allows\nextracting a very small number of slow variables, necessary and sufficient to\ndescribe the dynamics of island sliding."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagram of an Ising model with long-range frustrating\n  interactions: a theoretical analysis: We present a theoretical study of the phase diagram of a frustrated Ising\nmodel with nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic interactions and long-range\n(Coulombic) antiferromagnetic interactions. For nonzero frustration, long-range\nferromagnetic order is forbidden, and the ground-state of the system consists\nof phases characterized by periodically modulated structures. At finite\ntemperatures, the phase diagram is calculated within the mean-field\napproximation. Below the transition line that separates the disordered and the\nordered phases, the frustration-temperature phase diagram displays an infinite\nnumber of ``flowers'', each flower being made by an infinite number of\nmodulated phases generated by structure combination branching processes. The\nspecificities introduced by the long-range nature of the frustrating\ninteraction and the limitation of the mean-field approach are finally\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Kinetic theory of point vortex systems from the\n  Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy: Kinetic equations are derived from the Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon\n(BBGKY) hierarchy for point vortex systems in an infinite plane. As the level\nof approximation for the Landau equation, the collision term of the kinetic\nequation derived coincides with that by Chavanis ({\\it Phys. Rev. E} {\\bf 64},\n026309 (2001)). Furthermore, we derive a kinetic equation corresponding to the\nBalescu-Lenard equation for plasmas, using the theory of the Fredholm integral\nequation. For large $N$, this kinetic equation is reduced to the Landau\nequation above."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-time behavior of periodically driven isolated interacting lattice\n  systems: We study the dynamics of isolated interacting spin chains that are\nperiodically driven by sudden quenches. Using full exact diagonalization of\nfinite chains, we show that these systems exhibit three distinct regimes. For\nshort driving periods, the Floquet Hamiltonian is well approximated by the\ntime-averaged Hamiltonian, while for long periods the evolution operator\nexhibits properties of random matrices of a Circular Ensemble (CE). In-between,\nthere is a crossover regime. Based on a finite-size scaling analysis and\nanalytic arguments we argue that, for thermodynamically large systems and\nnon-vanishing driving periods, the evolution operator always exhibits\nproperties of CE random matrices. Consequently, the Floquet Hamiltonian is\nnonlocal and has multi-body interactions; and the driving leads to the\nequivalent of an infinite temperature state at long times. These results are\nconnected to the breakdown of the Magnus expansion and are expected to hold\nbeyond the specific lattice model considered.",
        "positive": "Fermionic coherent state path integral for ultrashort laser pulses and\n  transformation to a field theory of coset matrices: A coherent state path integral of anti-commuting fields is considered for a\ntwo-band, semiconductor-related solid which is driven by a ultrashort,\nclassical laser field. We describe the generation of exciton quasi-particles\nfrom the driving laser field as anomalous pairings of the fundamental,\nfermionic fields. This gives rise to Hubbard-Stratonovich transformations from\nthe quartic, fermionic interaction to various Gaussian terms of self-energy\nmatrices. We accomplish path integrals of even-valued self-energy matrices with\nEuclidean integration measure where three cases of increasing complexity are\nclassified (scalar self-energy variable, density-related self-energy matrix and\nalso a self-energy including anomalous-doubled terms). According to the\ndriving, anomalous-doubled Hamiltonian part, we also specify the case of a SSB\nwith 'hinge' fields which factorizes the total self-energy matrix by a coset\ndecomposition into density-related, block diagonal self-energy matrices of a\nbackground functional and into coset matrices with off-diagonal block\ngenerators for the anomalous pairings of fermions. In particular we investigate\nthe transformation from the coset fields of a curved coset space, as the\nindependent field degrees of freedom, to locally 'flat' fields with Euclidean\nintegration measure. This allows to reduce the final path integral to solely\n'Nambu'-doubled fields after a saddle point approximaton for the\ndensity-related self-energy matrices and also allows to derive classical field\nequations for exciton quasi-particles from various kinds of gradient expansions\nof the determinant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density oscillations in a model of water and other similar liquids: It is suggested that the dynamics of liquid water has a component consisting\nof O^{-2z} (oxygen) anions and H^{+z} (hydrogen) cations, where z is a (small)\nreduced effective electron charge. Such a model may apply to other similar\nliquids. The eigenmodes of density oscillations are derived for such a\ntwo-species ionic plasma, included the sound waves, and the dielectric function\nis calculated. The plasmons may contribute to the elementary excitations in a\nmodel introduced recently for the thermodynamics of liquids. It is shown that\nthe sound anomaly in water can be understood on the basis of this model. The\nresults are generalized to an asymmetric short-range interaction between the\nionic species as well as to a multi-component plasma, and the structure factor\nis calculated.",
        "positive": "A Gallavotti-Cohen-Evans-Morriss like symmetry for a class of Markov\n  jump processes: We investigate a new symmetry of the large deviation function of certain\ntime-integrated currents in non-equilibrium systems. The symmetry is similar to\nthe well-known Gallavotti-Cohen-Evans-Morriss-symmetry for the entropy\nproduction, but it concerns a different functional of the stochatic trajectory.\nThe symmetry can be found in a restricted class of Markov jump processes, where\nthe network of microscopic transitions has a particular structure and the\ntransition rates satisfy certain constraints. We provide three physical\nexamples, where time-integrated observables display such a symmetry. Moreover,\nwe argue that the origin of the symmetry can be traced back to time-reversal if\nstochastic trajectories are grouped appropriately."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diagrammatic analysis of correlations in polymer fluids: Cluster\n  diagrams via Edwards' field theory: A straightforward expansion of Edwards' functional integral representation of\nthe grand partition function for a polymer liquid as an infinite set of Feynman\ndiagrams is shown to yield a cluster expansion that is closely related to the\ncorresponding Mayer cluster expansion developed for flexible molecules by\nChandler and coworkers. The procedure initially yields a perturbative cluster\nexpansion in which all free energies and correlation functions are expressed\ndiagrammatically as functionals of single-molecule correlation functions of\nnon-interacting molecules. Topological reduction yields several renormalized\nexpansions for collective correlation functions of all orders as functionals of\nsingle-molecule correlation functions in the interacting fluid. Renormalized\nexpansions are also obtained for a generalized Ornstein-Zernicke (OZ) direct\ncorrelation function and for intramolecular correlation functions. The\napplication of the formalism to coarse-grained models of polymer fluids is\ndiscussed, and a loop expansion about self-consistent field theory is shown to\nconverge for sufficiently coarse-grained models, in which monomers are strongly\noverlapping. The formalism is used to derive a new expression for the OZ direct\ncorrelation function and to recover known results for the 2-point\nintramolecular correlation function to first order in a loop expansion, for\nbinary blends and diblock copolymer melts.",
        "positive": "Study of Loschmidt Echo for two-dimensional Kitaev model: In this paper, we study the Loschmidt Echo (LE) of a two-dimensional Kitaev\nmodel residing on a honeycomb lattice which is chosen to be an environment that\nis coupled globally to a central spin. The decay of LE is highly influenced by\nthe quantum criticality of the environmental spin model e.g., it shows a sharp\ndip close to the anisotropic quantum critical point (AQCP) of its phase\ndiagram. The early time decay and the collapse and revival as a function of\ntime at AQCP do also exhibit interesting scaling behavior with the system size\nwhich is verified numerically. It has also been observed that the LE stays\nvanishingly small throughout the gapless phase of the model. The above study\nhas also been extended to the 1D Kitaev model i.e. when one of the interaction\nterms vanishes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium generalization of F\u00f6rster-Dexter theory for\n  excitation energy transfer: F\\\"{o}rster-Dexter theory for excitation energy transfer is generalized for\nthe account of short time nonequilibrium kinetics due to the nonstationary bath\nrelaxation. The final rate expression is presented as a spectral overlap\nbetween the time dependent stimulated emission and the stationary absorption\nprofiles, which allows experimental determination of the time dependent rate.\nFor a harmonic oscillator bath model, an explicit rate expression is derived\nand model calculations are performed in order to examine the dependence of the\nnonequilibrium kinetics on the excitation-bath coupling strength and the\ntemperature. Relevance of the present theory with recent experimental findings\nand possible future theoretical directions are discussed.",
        "positive": "Aggregation kinetics in a model colloidal suspension: We present molecular dynamics simulations of aggregation kinetics in a\ncolloidal suspension modeled as a highly asymmetric binary mixture. Starting\nfrom a configuration with largely uncorrelated colloidal particles the system\nrelaxes by coagulation-fragmentation dynamics to a structured state of\nlow-dimensionality clusters with an exponential size distribution. The results\nshow that short-range repulsive interactions alone can give rise to so-called\ncluster phases. For the present model and probably other, more common colloids,\nthe observed clusters appear to be equilibrium phase fluctuations induced by\nthe entropic inter-colloidal attractions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Contribution of spin pairs to the magnetic response in a dilute dipolar\n  ferromagnet: We simulate the dc magnetic response of the diluted dipolar-coupled Ising\nmagnet LiHo\\(_{0.045}\\)Y\\(_{0.955}\\)F\\(_4\\) in a transverse field, using exact\ndiagonalization of a two-spin Hamiltonian averaged over nearest-neighbour\nconfigurations. The pairwise model, incorporating hyperfine interactions,\naccounts for the observed drop-off in the longitudinal (c-axis) susceptibility\nwith increasing transverse field; with the inclusion of a small tilt in the\ntransverse field, it also accounts for the behavior of the off-diagonal\nmagnetic susceptibility. The hyperfine interactions do not appear to lead to\nqualitative changes in the pair susecptibilities, although they do renormalize\nthe crossover fields between different regimes. Comparison with experiment\nindicates that antiferromagnetic correlations are more important than\nanticipated based on simple pair statistics and our first-principles\ncalculations of the pair response. This means that larger clusters will be\nneeded for a full description of the reduction in the diagonal response at\nsmall transverse fields.",
        "positive": "Tests of Conformal Field Theory at the Yang-Lee Singularity: This paper studies the Yang-Lee edge singularity of 2-dimensional (2D) Ising\nmodel based on a quantum spin chain and transfer matrix measurements on the\ncylinder. Based on finite-size scaling, the low-lying excitation spectrum is\nfound at the Yang-Lee edge singularity. Based on transfer matrix techniques,\nthe single structure constant is evaluated at the Yang-Lee edge singularity.\nThe results of both types of measurements are found to be fully consistent with\nthe predictions for the (A4;A1)minimal conformal field theory, which was\npreviously identified with this critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evidence for the exponential distribution of income in the USA: Using tax and census data, we demonstrate that the distribution of individual\nincome in the USA is exponential. Our calculated Lorenz curve without fitting\nparameters and Gini coefficient 1/2 agree well with the data. From the\nindividual income distribution, we derive the distribution function of income\nfor families with two earners and show that it also agrees well with the data.\nThe family data for the period 1947-1994 fit the Lorenz curve and Gini\ncoefficient 3/8=0.375 calculated for two-earners families.",
        "positive": "Critical dynamics of the jamming transition in one-dimensional\n  nonequilibrium lattice-gas models: We consider several one-dimensional driven lattice gas models that show a\nphase transition in the stationary state between a high-density fluid phase in\nwhich the particles are homogeneously distributed and a low-density jammed\nphase where a hole cluster of macroscopic length forms in front of a particle.\nUsing a hydrodynamic equation for an interface growth model obtained from the\ndriven lattice gas models of interest here, we find that in the fluid phase,\nthe roughness exponent and the dynamic exponent that, respectively,\ncharacterise the scaling of the saturation width and the relaxation time of the\ninterface with the system size are given by the KPZ exponents. However, at the\ncritical point, we show analytically that when the equal time density-density\ncorrelation function decays slower than inverse distance, the roughness\nexponent varies continuously with a parameter in the hop rates but it is one\nhalf otherwise. Using these results and numerical simulations for the\ndensity-density autocorrelation function, we further find that the dynamic\nexponent $z=3/2$ in all the cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lro in Lattice Systems of Linear Classical and Quantum Oscillators.\n  Strong N-N Pair Quadratic Interaction: For systems of one-component interacting oscillators on the d-dimensional\nlattice, d>1, whose potential energy besides a large nearest-neighbour (n-n)\nferromagnetic translation-invariant quadratic term contains small\nnon-nearest-neighbour translation invariant term, an existence of a\nferromagnetic long-range order for two valued lattice spins, equal to a sign of\noscillator variables, is established for sufficiently large magnitude g of the\nn-n interaction with the help of the Peierls type contour bound. The Ruelle\nsuperstability bound is used for a derivation of the contour bound.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Dynamic properties in a family of competitive growing\n  models\": The article [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 73}, 031111 (2006)] by Horowitz and Albano\nreports on simulations of competitive surface-growth models RD+X that combine\nrandom deposition (RD) with another deposition X that occurs with probability\n$p$. The claim is made that at saturation the surface width $w(p)$ obeys a\npower-law scaling $w(p) \\propto 1/p^{\\delta}$, where $\\delta$ is only either\n$\\delta =1/2$ or $\\delta=1$, which is illustrated by the models where X is\nballistic deposition and where X is RD with surface relaxation. Another claim\nis that in the limit $p \\to 0^+$, for any lattice size $L$, the time evolution\nof $w(t)$ generally obeys the scaling $w(p,t) \\propto (L^{\\alpha}/p^{\\delta})\nF(p^{2\\delta}t/L^z)$, where $F$ is Family-Vicsek universal scaling function. We\nshow that these claims are incorrect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hard-sphere Brownian motion in ideal gas: inter-particle correlations,\n  Boltzmann-Grad limit, and destroying the myth of molecular chaos propagation: The BBGKY hierarchy of equations for a particle interacting with ideal gas is\nanalyzed in terms of irreducible many-particle correlations between gas atoms\nand the particle's motion. The transition to the hard-sphere interaction is\nformulated from viewpoint of the recently discovered exact relations connecting\nthe correlations with the particle's probability distribution. Then the\nBoltzmann-Grad limit is considered and shown not to lead to the Bolzmann\nhierarchy and the molecular chaos, since correlations of all orders keep\nsignificant.in this limit, merely taking a singular form.",
        "positive": "Longitudinal inverted compressibility in super-strained metamaterials: We develop a statistical physics theory for solid-solid phase transitions in\nwhich a metamaterial undergoes longitudinal contraction in response to increase\nin external tension. Such transitions, which are forbidden in thermodynamic\nequilibrium, have recently been shown to be possible during the decay of\nmetastable, super-strained states. We present a first-principles model to\npredict these transitions and validate it using molecular dynamics simulations.\nAside from its immediate mechanical implications, our theory points to a wealth\nof analogous inverted responses, such as inverted susceptibility or\nheat-capacity transitions, allowed when considering realistic scales."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo study on the detection of classical order by disorder in\n  real antiferromagnetic Ising pyrochlores: We use Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the feasibility of detecting\nthermal order by disorder in real antiferromagnetic Ising pyrochlores,\nfrustrated by a magnetic field applied in the $[110]$ direction. Building on an\nideal system with only nearest-neighbour exchange interactions and a perfectly\noriented field, we consider the effects of dipolar interactions and field\nmisalignment. Our approach is special in that it relies more in the possibility\nto switch on and off the entropic drive towards order than in the absence of\n(or immunity to) a particular perturbation. It can then be applied, in\nprinciple, to other uncontrolled interactions expected to be naturally present\nin real {magnetic} materials. We establish the conditions under which entropic\neffects can be discerned from an interaction drive towards order, show how to\nuse neutron scattering as a means to unveil this mechanism, and discuss\npossible materials where to test these ideas.",
        "positive": "Statistics of an adiabatic charge pump: We investigate the effect of time-dependent cyclic-adiabatic driving on the\ncharge transport in quantum junction. We propose a nonequilibrium Greens\nfunction formalism to study statistics of the charge pumped (at zero bias)\nthrough the junction. The formulation is used to demonstrate charge pumping in\na single electronic level coupled to two (electronic) reservoirs with time\ndependent couplings. Analytical expression for the average pumped current for a\ngeneral cyclic driving is derived. It is found that for zero bias, for a\ncertain class of driving, the Berry phase contributes only to the odd\ncumulants. To contrast, a quantum master equation formulation does not show\nBerry-phase effect at all."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mapping functions and critical behavior of percolation on rectangular\n  domains: The existence probability $E_p$ and the percolation probability $P$ of the\nbond percolation on rectangular domains with different aspect ratios $R$ are\nstudied via the mapping functions between systems with different aspect ratios.\nThe superscaling behavior of $E_p$ and $P$ for such systems with exponents $a$\nand $b$, respectively, found by Watanabe, Yukawa, Ito, and Hu in [Phys. Rev.\nLett. \\textbf{93}, 190601 (2004)] can be understood from the lower order\napproximation of the mapping functions $f_R$ and $g_R$ for $E_p$ and $P$,\nrespectively; the exponents $a$ and $b$ can be obtained from numerically\ndetermined mapping functions $f_R$ and $g_R$, respectively.",
        "positive": "Large-scale structure and hyperuniformity of amorphous ices: We investigate the large-scale structure of amorphous ices and transitions\nbetween their different forms by quantifying their large-scale density\nfluctuations. Specifically, we simulate the isothermal compression of\nlow-density amorphous ice (LDA) and hexagonal ice (Ih) to produce high-density\namorphous ice (HDA). Remarkably, both HDA and LDA are nearly hyperuniform,\nmeaning that they are characterized by an anomalous suppression of large-scale\ndensity fluctuations. By contrast, in correspondence with both non-equilibrium\nphase transitions to HDA, the presence of structural heterogeneities strongly\nsuppresses the hyperuniformity and, remarkably, the system becomes\nhyposurficial (devoid of \"surface-area\" fluctuations). Our investigation\nchallenges the largely accepted \"frozen-liquid\" picture, which views glasses as\nstructurally arrested liquids. Beyond implications for water, our findings\nenrich our understanding of the structural transformations that occur in\nglasses with varying pressures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Study of stability of relativistic ideal Bose-Einstein condensates: A relativistic complex scalar boson field at finite temperature $T$ is\nexamined below its critical Bose-Einstein condensation temperature. It is shown\nthat at the same $T$ the state with antibosons has higher entropy, lower\nHelmholtz free energy and higher pressure than the state without antibosons,\nbut the same Gibbs free energy as it should. This implies that the\nconfiguration without antibosons is metastable. Results are generalized for\narbitrary $d$ spatial dimensions.",
        "positive": "Analyzing Fragmentation of Simple Fluids with Percolation Theory: We show that the size distributions of fragments created by high energy\nnuclear collisions are remarkably well reproduced within the framework of a\nparameter free percolation model. We discuss two possible scenarios to explain\nthis agreement and suggest that percolation could be an universal mechanism to\nexplain the fragmentation of simple fluids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Frictional dynamics of viscoelastic solids driven on a rough surface: We study the effect of viscoelastic dynamics on the frictional properties of\na (mean field) spring-block system pulled on a rough surface by an external\ndrive. When the drive moves at constant velocity V, two dynamical regimes are\nobserved: at fast driving, above a critical threshold Vc, the system slides at\nthe drive velocity and displays a friction force with velocity weakening. Below\nVc the steady sliding becomes unstable and a stick-slip regime sets in. In the\nslide-hold-slide driving protocol, a peak of the friction force appears after\nthe hold time and its amplitude increases with the hold duration. These\nobservations are consistent with the frictional force encoded\nphenomenologically in the rate-and-state equations. Our model gives a\nmicroscopical basis for such macroscopic description.",
        "positive": "Pulling Knotted Polymers: We compare Monte Carlo simulations of knotted and unknotted polymers whose\nends are connected to two parallel walls. The force $f$ exerted on the polymer\nis measured as a function of the separation $R$ between the walls. For\nunknotted polymers of several monomer numbers $N$, the product $fN^\\nu$ is a\nsimple function of $R/N^\\nu$, where $\\nu\\simeq 0.59$. By contrast, knotted\npolymers exhibit strong finite size effects which can be interpreted in terms\nof a new length scale related to the size of the knot. Based on this\ninterpretation, we conclude that the number of monomers forming the knot scales\nas $N^t$, with $t=0.4\\pm 0.1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Majority-Vote Cellular Automata, Ising Dynamics, and P-Completeness: We study cellular automata where the state at each site is decided by a\nmajority vote of the sites in its neighborhood. These are equivalent, for a\nrestricted set of initial conditions, to non-zero probability transitions in\nsingle spin-flip dynamics of the Ising model at zero temperature.\n  We show that in three or more dimensions these systems can simulate Boolean\ncircuits of AND and OR gates, and are therefore P-complete. That is, predicting\ntheir state t time-steps in the future is at least as hard as any other problem\nthat takes polynomial time on a serial computer.\n  Therefore, unless a widely believed conjecture in computer science is false,\nit is impossible even with parallel computation to predict majority-vote\ncellular automata, or zero-temperature single spin-flip Ising dynamics,\nqualitatively faster than by explicit simulation.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Bounds on Efficiency for Systems with Broken Time-reversal\n  Symmetry: We show that for systems with broken time-reversal symmetry the maximum\nefficiency and the efficiency at maximum power are both determined by two\nparameters: a \"figure of merit\" and an asymmetry parameter. In contrast to the\ntime-symmetric case, the figure of merit is bounded from above; nevertheless\nthe Carnot efficiency can be reached at lower and lower values of the figure of\nmerit and far from the so-called strong coupling condition as the asymmetry\nparameter increases. Moreover, the Curzon-Ahlborn limit for efficiency at\nmaximum power can be overcome within linear response. Finally, always within\nlinear response, it is allowed to have simultaneously Carnot efficiency and\nnon-zero power."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Waiting-time distribution between avalanches and 1/f-noise: Experiments\n  on a three dimensional pile of rice: This paper has been temporarily withdrawn by the author(s). There seems to\nhave been an error in the data analysis and we are investigating the\nimplications and trying to alleviate the problem.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in a frustrated Ising antiferromagnet on a square\n  lattice: The phase transitions occurring in the frustrated Ising square\nantiferromagnet with first- ($J_1 < 0$) and second- ($J_2 < 0$)\nnearest-neighbor interactions are studied within the framework of the\neffective-field theory with correlations based on the different cluster sizes\nand for a wide range of $R = J_2/|J_1|$. Despite the simplicity of the model,\nit has proved difficult to precisely determine the order of the phase\ntransitions. In contrast to the previous effective-field study, we have found a\nfirst-order transition line in the region close to $R = -0.5$ not only between\nthe superantiferromagnetic and paramagnetic ($R<-0.5$) but also between\nantiferromagnetic and paramagnetic ($R>-0.5$) phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A New Spin on Color Quantization: We address the problem of image color quantization using a Maximum Entropy\nbased approach. Focusing on pixel mapping we argue that adding thermal noise to\nthe system yields better visual impressions than that obtained from a simple\nenergy minimization. To quantify this observation, we introduce the\ncoarse-grained quantization error, and seek the optimal temperature which\nminimizes this new observable. By comparing images with different structural\nproperties, we show that the optimal temperature is a good proxy for complexity\nat different scales. Noting that the convoluted error is a key observable, we\ndirectly minimize it using a Monte Carlo algorithm to generate a new series of\nquantized images. Adopting an original approach based on the informativity of\nfinite size samples, we are able to determine the optimal convolution parameter\nleading to the best visuals. Finally, we test the robustness of our method\nagainst changes in image type, color palette and convolution kernel.",
        "positive": "Emergence of dynamic phases in the presence of different kinds of open\n  boundaries in stochastic transport with short-range interactions: We discuss the effects of open boundary conditions and boundary induced drift\non condensation phenomena in the pair-factorized steady states transport\nprocess, a versatile model for stochastic transport with tunable\nnearest-neighbour interactions. Varying the specific type of the boundary\nimplementation as well as the presence of a particle drift, we observe phase\ndiagrams that are similar but richer compared to those of the simpler\nzero-range process with open boundary conditions. Tuning our model towards\nzero-range-process-like properties we are able to study boundary induced\neffects in the transition regime from zero-range interactions to short-range\ninteractions. We discuss the emerging phase structure where spatially extended\ncondensates can be observed at the boundaries as well as in the bulk system and\ncompare it to the situation with periodic boundaries, where the dynamics leads\nto the formation of a single condensate in the bulk."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging and effective temperatures near a critical point: The orientation fluctuations of the director of a liquid crystal(LC) are\nmeasured after a quench near the Fr\\'eedericksz transition, which is a second\norder transition driven by an electric field. We report experimental evidence\nthat, because of the critical slowing down, the LC presents, after the quench,\nseveral properties of an aging system, such as power law scaling versus time of\ncorrelation and response functions. During this slow relaxation, a well defined\neffective temperature, much larger than the heat bath temperature, can be\nmeasured using the fluctuation dissipation relation.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium mean-field-like statistical models with KPZ scaling: We have considered three different \"one-body\" statistical systems involving\nBrownian excursions, which possess for fluctuations Kardar-Parisi-Zhang scaling\nwith the critical exponent $\\nu=\\frac{1}{3}$. In all models imposed external\nconstraints push the underlying stochastic process to a large deviation regime.\nSpecifically, we have considered fluctuations for: (i) Brownian excursions on\nnon-uniform finite trees with linearly growing branching originating from the\nmean-field approximation of the Dumitriu-Edelman representation of matrix\nmodels, (ii) (1+1)D \"magnetic\" Dyck paths within the strip of finite width,\n(iii) inflated ideal polymer ring with fixed gyration radius. In the latter\nproblem cutting off the long-ranged spatial fluctuations and leaving only the\n\"typical\" modes for stretched paths, we ensure the KPZ-like scaling for bond\nfluctuations. To the contrary, summing up all normal modes, we get the Gaussian\nbehavior. In all considered models, KPZ fluctuations emerge in presence of two\ncomplementary conditions: (i) the trajectories are pushed to a large deviation\nregion of a phase space, and (ii) the trajectories are leaning on an\nimpenetrable boundary."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Worm Algorithm for Two-Dimensional Spin Glasses: A worm algorithm is proposed for the two-dimensional spin glasses. The method\nis based on a low-temperature expansion of the partition function. The\nlow-temperature configurations of the spin glass on square lattice can be\nviewed as strings connecting pairs of frustrated plaquettes. The worm algorithm\ndirectly manipulates these strings. It is shown that the worm algorithm is as\nefficient as any other types of cluster or replica-exchange algorithms. The\nworm algorithm is even more efficient if free boundary conditions are used. We\nobtain accurate low-temperature specific heat data consistent with a form c =\nT^{-2} exp(-2J/(k_BT)), where T is temperature and J is coupling constant, for\nthe +/-J two-dimensional spin glass.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of strongly coupled disordered dissipative spin-boson systems: Spin-boson Hamiltonians are an effective description for numerous quantum\nmany-body systems such as atoms coupled to cavity modes, quantum\nelectrodynamics in circuits and trapped ion systems. While reaching the limit\nof strong coupling is possible in current experiments, the understanding of the\nphysics in this parameter regime remains a challenge, especially when disorder\nand dissipation are taken into account. Here we investigate a regime where the\nmany-body spin dynamics can be related to a Ising energy function defined in\nterms of the spin-boson couplings. While in the coherent weak coupling regime\nit is known that an effective description in terms of spin Hamiltonian is\npossible, we show that a similar viewpoint can be adopted in the presence of\ndissipation and strong couplings. The resulting many-body dynamics features\napproximately thermal regimes, separated by out-of-equilibrium ones in which\ndetailed balance is broken. Moreover, we show that under appropriately chosen\nconditions one can even achieve cooling of the spin degrees of freedom. This\npoints towards the possibility of using strongly coupled dissipative spin-boson\nsystems for engineering complex energy landscapes together with an appropriate\ncooling dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasi one dimensional $^4$He inside carbon nanotubes: We report results of diffusion Monte Carlo calculations for both $^4$He\nabsorbed in a narrow single walled carbon nanotube (R = 3.42 \\AA) and strictly\none dimensional $^4$He. Inside the tube, the binding energy of liquid $^4$He is\napproximately three times larger than on planar graphite. At low linear\ndensities, $^4$He in a nanotube is an experimental realization of a\none-dimensional quantum fluid. However, when the density increases the\nstructural and energetic properties of both systems differ. At high density, a\nquasi-continuous liquid-solid phase transition is observed in both cases.",
        "positive": "The frenetic origin of negative differential response: The Green-Kubo formula for linear response coefficients gets modified when\ndealing with nonequilibrium dynamics. In particular negative differential\nconductivities are allowed to exist away from equilibrium. We give a unifying\nframework for such negative differential response in terms of the frenetic\ncontribution in the nonequilibrium formula. It corresponds to a negative\ndependence of the escape rates and reactivities on the driving forces. Partial\ncaging in state space and reduction of dynamical activity with increased\ndriving cause the current to drop. These are time-symmetric kinetic effects\nthat are believed to play a major role in the study of nonequilibria. We give\nvarious simple examples treating particle and energy transport, which all\nfollow the same pattern in the dependence of the dynamical activity on the\nnonequilibrium driving, made visible from recently derived nonequilibrium\nresponse theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jamming Transition in CA Models for Traffic Flow: The cellular automaton model for traffic flow exhibits a jamming transition\nfrom a free-flow phase to a congested phase. In the deterministic case this\ntransition corresponds to a critical point with diverging correlation length.\nWe present data from numerical simulations which suggest the absence of\ncritical behavior in the presence of noise. The transition of the deterministic\ncase is smeared out and one only observes the remnants of the critical point.",
        "positive": "Harms and benefits from social imitation: We study the role of imitation within a model of economics with adaptive\nagents. The basic ingredients are those of the Minority Game. We add the\npossibility of local information exchange and imitation of the neighbour's\nstrategy. Imitators should pay a fee to the imitated. Connected groups are\nformed, which act as if they were single players. Coherent spatial areas of\nrich and poor agents result, leading to the decrease of local social tensions.\nSize and stability of these areas depends on the parameters of the model.\nGlobal performance measured by the attendance volatility is optimised at\ncertain value of the imitation probability. The social tensions are suppressed\nfor large imitation probability, but due to the price paid by the imitators the\nrequirements of high global effectivity and low social tensions are in\nconflict, as well as the requirements of low global and low local wealth\ndifferences."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gas of self-avoiding loops on the brickwork lattice: An exact calculation of the phase diagram for a loop gas model on the\nbrickwork lattice is presented. The model includes a bending energy. In the\ndense limit, where all the lattice sites are occupied, a phase transition\noccuring at an asymmetric Lifshitz tricritical point is observed as the\ntemperature associated with the bending energy is varied. Various critical\nexponents are calculated. At lower densities, two lines of transitions (in the\nIsing universality class) are observed, terminated by a tricritical point,\nwhere there is a change in the modulation of the correlation function. To each\ntricritical point an associated disorder line is found.",
        "positive": "Self-diffusion coefficient as a function of the thermodynamic factor: Much effort has been put into developing theories for dense fluids, as a\nresult of these efforts many theories work for a certain type of particle or in\na certain concentration regime. Rosenfeld proposed a dependence of the\nself-diffusion coefficient on the excess entropy. Our proposal is similar to\nRosenfeld's in that it also attempts to describe diffusion in terms of a\nthermodynamic function but, instead of the excess entropy, we use the\nthermodynamic factor, or the excess chemical potential. Simulations were taken\nfor hard spheres and our model was fitted with two free parameters. Simulations\nwere then carried out for a Lennard Jones gas and our model correctly described\nthe new data with the value of the free parameters that we had obtained for\nhard spheres. This is a feature of our model that we wish to emphasize, since\nthe usual situation is that parameters have to be re-adjusted for different\ninteraction potentials. An experimental xenon self-diffusion data set was used\nas an example where the model can be applied, especially in the high-density\nregime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On superstatistical multiplicative-noise processes: In this manuscript we analyse the long-term probability density function of\nnon-stationary dynamical processes which are enclosed inward the Feller class\nof processes with time varying exponents for multiplicative noise. The update\nin the value of the exponent occurs in the same conditions presented by Beck\nand Cohen for superstatistics. Moreover, we are able to provide a dynamical\nscenario for the emergence of a generalisation of the Weibull distribution\npreviously introduced.",
        "positive": "Exact treatment of Ising model on the helical tori: The exact closed forms of the partition functions of 2D Ising model on square\nlattices with twisted boundary conditions are given. The constructions of\nhelical tori are unambiguously related to the twisted boundary conditions by\nvirtue of the SL(2,Z) transforms. Numerical analyses reveal that the finite\nsize effect is irrelevant to the chirality equipped with each helical boundary\ncondition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation-dissipation relation for systems with spatially varying\n  friction: When a particle diffuses in a medium with spatially dependent friction\ncoefficient $\\alpha(r)$ at constant temperature $T$, it drifts toward the low\nfriction end of the system even in the absence of any real physical force $f$.\nThis phenomenon, which has been previously studied in the context of\nnon-inertial Brownian dynamics, is termed \"spurious drift\", although the drift\nis real and stems from an inertial effect taking place at the short temporal\nscales. Here, we study the diffusion of particles in inhomogeneous media within\nthe framework of the inertial Langevin equation. We demonstrate that the\nquantity which characterizes the dynamics with non-uniform $\\alpha(r)$ is not\nthe displacement of the particle $\\Delta r=r-r^0$ (where $r^0$ is the initial\nposition), but rather $\\Delta A(r)=A(r)-A(r^0)$, where $A(r)$ is the primitive\nfunction of $\\alpha(r)$. We derive expressions relating the mean and variance\nof $\\Delta A$ to $f$, $T$, and the duration of the dynamics $\\Delta t$. For a\nconstant friction coefficient $\\alpha(r)=\\alpha$, these expressions reduce to\nthe well known forms of the force-drift and fluctuation-dissipation relations.\nWe introduce a very accurate method for Langevin dynamics simulations in\nsystems with spatially varying $\\alpha(r)$, and use the method to validate the\nnewly derived expressions.",
        "positive": "Intelligent Minority Game with genetic-crossover strategies: We develop a game theoretical model of $N$ heterogeneous interacting agents\ncalled the intelligent minority game. The ``intelligent'' agents play the basic\nminority game and depending on their performances, generate new strategies\nusing the one-point genetic crossover mechanism. The performances change\ndramatically and the game moves rapidly to an efficient state (fluctuations in\nthe number of agents performing a particular action, characterized by\n$\\sigma^2$, reaches a low value). There is no ``phase transition'' when we vary\n$\\sigma^2/N$ with $2^M/N$, where $M$ is the ``memory''of an agent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rate description of Fokker-Planck processes with time-periodic\n  parameters: The large time dynamics of a periodically driven Fokker-Planck process\npossessing several metastable states is investigated. At weak noise transitions\nbetween the metastable states are rare. Their dynamics then represent a\ndiscrete Markovian process characterized by time dependent rates. Apart from\nthe occupation probabilities, so-called specific probability densities and\nlocalizing functions can be associated to each metastable state. Together,\nthese three sets of functions uniquely characterize the large time dynamics of\nthe conditional probability density of the original process. Exact equations of\nmotion are formulated for these three sets of functions and strategies are\ndiscussed how to solve them. These methods are illustrated and their usefulness\nis demonstrated by means of the example of a bistable Brownian oscillator\nwithin a large range of driving frequencies from the slow semiadiabatic to the\nfast driving regime.",
        "positive": "The functional mechanics: evolution of the moments of distribution\n  function and the Poincare recurrence theorem: This paper consider the functional mechanics as one of modern approaches to a\nproblem of the correspondence between classical mechanics and the statistical\nphysics. Deviations from classical trajectories are calculated and evolution of\nthe moments of distribution function is constructed. The relation between the\nreceived results and absence of paradox of Poincare-Zermelo in the functional\nmechanics is discussed. Destruction of periodicity of movement in the\nfunctional mechanics is shown and decrement of attenuation for classical\ninvariants of movement on a trajectory of functional mechanical averages is\ncalculated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A gaussian model of the dynamics of an inextensible chain: In this work an approximated path integral model describing the dynamics of a\ninextensible chain is presented. To this purpose, the nonlinear constraints\nwhich enforce the property of inextensibility of the chain are relaxed and are\njust imposed in an average sense. This strategy, which has been originally\nproposed for semi-flexible polymers in statistical mechanics, is complicated in\nthe case of dynamics by the extra dependence on the time variable and by the\npresence of nontrivial boundary conditions. Despite these complications, the\nprobability function of the chain, which measures the probability to pass to a\ngiven initial conformation to a final one, is computed exactly. The Lagrange\nmultiplier imposing the relaxed condition satisfies a complicated nonlinear\nequation, which has been solved assuming that the chain is very long.",
        "positive": "Escape kinetics of self-propelled particles from a circular cavity: We numerically investigate the mean exit time of an inertial active Brownian\nparticle from a circular cavity with single or multiple exit windows. Our\nsimulation results witness distinct escape mechanisms depending upon the\nrelative amplitudes of the thermal length and self-propulsion length compared\nto the cavity and pore sizes. For exceedingly large self-propulsion lengths,\noverdamped active particles diffuse on the cavity surface, and rotational\ndynamics solely governs the exit process. On the other hand, the escape\nkinetics of a very weakly damped active particle is largely dictated by\nbouncing effects on the cavity walls irrespective of the amplitude of\nself-propulsion persistence lengths. We show that the exit rate can be\nmaximized for an optimal self-propulsion persistence length, which depends on\nthe damping strength, self-propulsion velocity, and cavity size. However, the\noptimal persistence length is insensitive to the opening windows' size, number,\nand arrangement. Numerical results have been interpreted analytically based on\nqualitative arguments. The present analysis aims to understand the transport\ncontrolling mechanism of active matter in confined structures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of a trapped unitary Fermi gas: Thermodynamic properties of an ultracold Fermi gas in a harmonic trap are\ncalculated within a local density approximation, using a conserving many-body\nformalism for the BCS to BEC crossover problem, which has been developed by\nHaussmann et al. [Phys. Rev. A 75, 023610 (2007)]. We focus on the unitary\nregime near a Feshbach resonance and determine the local density and entropy\nprofiles and the global entropy S(E) as a function of the total energy E. Our\nresults are in good agreement with both experimental data and previous\nanalytical and numerical results for the thermodynamics of the unitary Fermi\ngas. The value of the Bertsch parameter at T=0 and the superfluid transition\ntemperature, however, differ appreciably. We show that, well in the superfluid\nregime, removal of atoms near the cloud edge enables cooling far below\ntemperatures that have been reached so far.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium diffusion processes via non-Hermitian electromagnetic\n  quantum mechanics with application to the statistics of entropy production in\n  the Brownian gyrator: The non-equilibrium Fokker-Planck dynamics in an arbitrary force field $\\vec\nf(\\vec r)$ in dimension $N$ is revisited via the correspondence with the\nnon-hermitian quantum mechanics in a scalar potential $V(\\vec r)$ and a vector\npotential $\\vec A(\\vec r)$. The relevant parameters of irreversibility are then\nthe $\\frac{N(N-1)}{2}$ magnetic matrix elements $B_{nm}(\\vec x ) =-B_{mn} (\\vec\nx ) = \\partial_n A_m (\\vec x ) - \\partial_m A_n (\\vec x )$, while it is\nenlightening to explore the corresponding gauge transformations of the vector\npotential $\\vec A(\\vec r) $. This quantum interpretation is even more fruitful\nto study the statistics of all the time-additive observables of the stochastic\ntrajectories, since their generating functions correspond to the same quantum\nproblem with additional scalar and/or vector potentials. Our main conclusion is\nthat the analysis of their large deviations properties and the construction of\nthe corresponding Doob conditioned processes can be drastically simplified via\nthe choice of an appropriate gauge for each purpose. This general framework is\nthen applied to the special time-additive observables of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck\ntrajectories in dimension $N$, whose generating functions correspond to quantum\npropagators involving quadratic scalar potentials and linear vector potentials,\ni.e. to quantum harmonic oscillators in constant magnetic matrices. As simple\nillustrative example, we finally focus on the Brownian gyrator in dimension\n$N=2$ in order to compute the large deviations properties of the entropy\nproduction of its stochastic trajectories and to construct the corresponding\nconditioned processes having a given value of the entropy production per unit\ntime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Is there a true Model-D critical dynamics?: We show that non-locality in the conservation of both the order parameter and\na noncritical density (model D dynamics) leads to new fixed points for critical\ndynamics. Depending upon the parameters characterizing the non-locality in the\ntwo fields, we find four regions: (i) model-A like where both the conservations\nare irrelevant (ii) model B-like with the conservation in the order parameter\nfield relevant and the conservation in the coupling field irrelevant (iii)\nmodel C like where the conservation in the order parameter field is irrelevant\nbut the conservation in the coupling field is relevant, and (iv) model D-like\nwhere both the conservations are relevant. While the first three behaviours are\nalready known in dynamical critical phenomena, the last one is a novel\nphenomena due entirely to the non-locality in the two fields.",
        "positive": "New universality class in percolation on multifractal scale-free planar\n  stochastic lattice: We investigate site percolation on a weighted planar stochastic lattice\n(WPSL) which is a multifractal and whose dual is a scale-free network.\nPercolation is typically characterized by percolation threshold $p_c$ and by a\nset of critical exponents $\\beta$, $\\gamma$, $\\nu$ which describe the critical\nbehavior of percolation probability $P(p)\\sim (p_c-p)^\\beta$, mean cluster size\n$S\\sim (p_c-p)^{-\\gamma}$ and the correlation length $\\xi\\sim (p_c-p)^{-\\nu}$.\nBesides, the exponent $\\tau$ characterizes the cluster size distribution\nfunction $n_s(p_c)\\sim s^{-\\tau}$ and the fractal dimension $d_f$ the spanning\ncluster. We obtain an exact value for $p_c$ and for all these exponents. Our\nresults suggest that the percolation on WPSL belong to a new universality class\nas its exponents do not share the same value as for all the existing planar\nlattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of aggregation on adsorption phenomena: Adsorption at an attractive surface in a system with particles\nself-assembling into small clusters is studied by Molecular dynamics (MD)\nsimulation. We assume Lennard-Jones plus repulsive Yukawa tail interactions,\nand focus on small densities. The relative increase of the temperature at the\ncritical cluster concentration near the attractive surface (CCCS) shows a\npower-law dependence on the strength of the wall-particle attraction. At\ntemperatures below the CCCS, the adsorbed layer consists of undeformed clusters\nif the wall-particle attraction is not too strong. Above the CCCS, or for\nstrong attraction leading to flattening of the adsorbed aggregates, we obtain a\nmonolayer that for strong or very strong attraction consists of flattened\nclusters or stripes respectively. The accumulated repulsion from the particles\nadsorbed at the wall leads to a repulsive barrier that slows down the\nadsorption process, and the accession time grows rapidly with the strength of\nthe wall-particle attraction. Beyond the adsorbed layer of particles, a\ndepletion region of a thickness comparable with the range of the repulsive tail\nof interactions occurs, and the density in this region decreases with\nincreasing strength of the wall-particle attraction. At larger separations, the\nexponentially damped oscillations of density agree with theoretical predictions\nfor self-assembling systems. Structural and thermal properties of the bulk are\nalso determined. In particular, a new structural crossover associated with the\nmaximum of the specific heat, and a double-peaked histogram of the cluster size\ndistribution are observed.",
        "positive": "Time Irreversibility Problem and Functional Formulation of Classical\n  Mechanics: The time irreversibility problem is the dichotomy of the reversible\nmicroscopic dynamics and the irreversible macroscopic physics. This problem was\nconsidered by Boltzmann, Poincar\\'e, Bogolyubov and many other authors and\nthough some researchers claim that the problem is solved, it deserves a further\nstudy. In this paper an attempt is performed of the following solution of the\nirreversibility problem: a formulation of microscopic dynamics is suggested\nwhich is irreversible in time.\n  A widely used notion of microscopic state of the system at a given moment of\ntime as a point in the phase space and also a notion of trajectory does not\nhave an immediate physical meaning since arbitrary real numbers are non\nobservable. In the approach presented in this paper the physical meaning is\nattributed not to an individual trajectory but only to a bunch of trajectories\nor to the distribution function on the phase space.\n  The fundamental equation of the microscopic dynamics in the proposed\n\"functional\" approach is not the Newton equation but the Liouville equation for\nthe distribution function of a single particle. Solutions of the Liouville\nequation have the property of delocalization which accounts for\nirreversibility. It is shown that the Newton equation in this approach appears\nas an approximate equation describing the dynamics of the average values of the\nposition and momenta. Corrections to the Newton equation are computed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interaction Pressure Tensor for a class of Multicomponent Lattice\n  Boltzmann models: We present a theory to obtain the pressure tensor for a class of non-ideal\nmulticomponent lattice Boltzmann models, thus extending the theory presented by\nShan (X. Shan, Phys. Rev. E 77, 066702 (2008)) for single component fluids. We\nobtain the correct form of the pressure tensor directly on the lattice and the\nresulting equilibrium properties are shown to agree very well with those\nmeasured from numerical simulations. Results are compared with those of\nalternative theories.",
        "positive": "Discovering and quantifying nontrivial fixed points in multi-field\n  models: We use the functional renormalization group and the $\\epsilon$-expansion\nconcertedly to explore multicritical universality classes for coupled\n$\\bigoplus_i O(N_i)$ vector-field models in three Euclidean dimensions.\nExploiting the complementary strengths of these two methods we show how to make\nprogress in theories with large numbers of interactions, and a large number of\npossible symmetry-breaking patterns. For the three- and four-field models we\nfind a new fixed point that arises from the mutual interaction between\ndifferent field sectors, and we establish the absence of infrared-stable fixed\npoint solutions for the regime of small $N_i$. Moreover, we explore these\nsystems as toy models for theories that are both asymptotically safe and\ninfrared complete. In particular, we show that these models exhibit complete\nrenormalization group trajectories that begin and end at nontrivial fixed\npoints."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ultrarelativistic limit of a Rarefied Gas with Internal Structure: The aim of this letter is to check the ultra-relativistic limit of a recent\nmodel proposed by Pennisi and Ruggeri [Ann. Phys. 377, 414 (2017)] for a\nrelativistic gas with internal structure. Considering an Eulerian fluid we\nprove that there exists a critical value of the degree of freedom such that for\nsmaller values of this quantity the ultra relativistic limit of the energy of a\ngas with structure is the same as the Synge energy for monatomic gases, while\nfor larger degrees of freedom the energy increases with the degree of freedom\nitself. The limiting equations are accompanied with the explicit expression of\nthe characteristic velocities of the hyperbolic system.",
        "positive": "Simulating a Chemically-Fueled Molecular Motor with Nonequilibrium\n  Molecular Dynamics: Most computer simulations of molecular dynamics take place under equilibrium\nconditions--in a closed, isolated system, or perhaps one held at constant\ntemperature or pressure. Sometimes, extra tensions, shears, or temperature\ngradients are introduced to those simulations to probe one type of\nnonequilibrium response to external forces. Catalysts and molecular motors,\nhowever, function based on the nonequilibrium dynamics induced by a chemical\nreaction's thermodynamic driving force. In this scenario, simulations require\nchemostats capable of preserving the chemical concentrations of the\nnonequilibrium steady state. We develop such a dynamic scheme and use it to\nobserve cycles of a new particle-based classical model of a catenane-like\nmolecular motor. Molecular motors are frequently modeled with\ndetailed-balance-breaking Markov models, and we explicitly construct such a\npicture by coarse graining the microscopic dynamics of our simulations in order\nto extract rates. This work identifies inter-particle interactions that tune\nthose rates to create a functional motor, thereby yielding a computational\nplayground to investigate the interplay between directional bias, current\ngeneration, and coupling strength in molecular information ratchets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class in ($d+1$)-dimensions: The determination of the exact exponents of the KPZ class in any substrate\ndimension $d$ is one of the most important open issues in Statistical Physics.\nBased on the behavior of the dimensional variation of some exact exponent\ndifferences for other growth equations, I find here that the KPZ growth\nexponents (related to the temporal scaling of the fluctuations) are given by\n$\\beta_d = \\frac{7}{8d+13}$. These exponents present an excellent agreement\nwith the most accurate estimates for them in the literature. Moreover, they are\nconfirmed here through extensive Monte Carlo simulations of discrete growth\nmodels and real space renormalization group (RG) calculations for directed\npolymers in random media (DPRM), up to $d=15$. The left-tail exponents of the\nprobability density functions for the DPRM energy provide another striking\nverification of the analytical result above.",
        "positive": "Cell theory for glass-forming materials and jamming matter, combining\n  free volume and cooperative rearranging regions: We investigate the statistical mechanics of glass-forming materials and\njamming matter by means of a geometrically driven approach based on a revised\ncell theory. By considering the system as constituted of jammed blocks of\nincreasing sizes, we obtain a unified picture that describes accurately the\nwhole process from low densities to limit densities at the glass/jamming\ntransition. The approach retrieves many of the aspects of existing theories\nunifying them into a coherent framework. In particular, at low densities we\nfind a free volume regime, based on local relaxation process, at intermediate\ndensities a cooperative length sets in, where both local and cooperative\nrelaxation process are present. At even higher densities the increasing\ncooperative length suppresses the local relaxation and only the cooperative\nrelaxation survives characterized by the divergence of the cooperative length,\nas suggested by the random first order theory. Finally a relation between the\ncooperative length and the hyperuniform length is also suggested."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalized Field Theory of Infinitely Driven Lattice Gases: We use field theoretic renormalization group methods to study the critical\nbehavior of a recently proposed Langevin equation for driven lattice gases\nunder infinitely fast drive.\n  We perform an expansion around the upper critical dimension, d_c=4, and\nobtain the critical exponents to one loop order. The main features of the two\nloop calculation are then outlined. The renormalized theory is shown to exhibit\na behavior different from the standard field theory for the DLG, i.e. it is not\nmean field like.",
        "positive": "Roughening and superroughening in the ordered and random two-dimensional\n  sine-Gordon models: We present a comparative numerical study of the ordered and the random\ntwo-dimensional sine-Gordon models on a lattice. We analytically compute the\nmain features of the expected high temperature phase of both models, described\nby the Edwards-Wilkinson equation. We then use those results to locate the\ntransition temperatures of both models in our Langevin dynamics simulations. We\nshow that our results reconcile previous contradictory numerical works\nconcerning the superroughening transition in the random sine-Gordon model. We\nalso find evidence supporting the existence of two different low temperature\nphases for the disordered model. We discuss our results in view of the\ndifferent analytical predictions available and comment on the nature of these\ntwo putative phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy, Transinformation and Word Distribution of Information-Carrying\n  Sequences: We investigate correlations in information carriers, e.g. texts and pieces of\nmusic, which are represented by strings of letters. For information carrying\nstrings generated by one source (i.e. a novel or a piece of music) we find\ncorrelations on many length scales. The word distribution, the higher order\nentropies and the transinformation are calculated. The analogy to strings\ngenerated through symbolic dynamics by nonlinear systems in critical states is\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "The nature of collective excitations and their crossover at extreme\n  supercritical conditions: Physical properties of an interacting system are governed by collective\nexcitations, but their nature at extreme supercritical conditions is unknown.\nHere, we present direct evidence for propagating solid-like longitudinal\nphonon-like excitations with wavelengths extending to interatomic separations\ndeep in the supercritical state at temperatures up to 3,300 times the critical\ntemperature. We observe that the crossover of dispersion curves develops at $k$\npoints reducing with temperature. We interpret this effect as the crossover\nfrom the collective phonon to the collisional mean-free path regime of particle\ndynamics and find that the crossover points are close to both the inverse of\nthe shortest available wavelength in the system and to the particle mean free\npath inferred from experiments and theory. Notably, both the shortest\nwavelength and mean free path scale with temperature with the same power law,\nlending further support to our findings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fronts with a Growth Cutoff but Speed Higher than $v^*$: Fronts, propagating into an unstable state $\\phi=0$, whose asymptotic speed\n$v_{\\text{as}}$ is equal to the linear spreading speed $v^*$ of infinitesimal\nperturbations about that state (so-called pulled fronts) are very sensitive to\nchanges in the growth rate $f(\\phi)$ for $\\phi \\ll 1$. It was recently found\nthat with a small cutoff, $f(\\phi)=0$ for $\\phi < \\epsilon$, $v_{\\text{as}}$\nconverges to $v^*$ very slowly from below, as $\\ln^{-2} \\epsilon$. Here we show\nthat with such a cutoff {\\em and} a small enhancement of the growth rate for\nsmall $\\phi$ behind it, one can have $v_{\\text{as}} > v^*$, {\\em even} in the\nlimit $\\epsilon \\to 0$. The effect is confirmed in a stochastic lattice model\nsimulation where the growth rules for a few particles per site are accordingly\nmodified.",
        "positive": "Evaporative cooling of an atomic beam: We present a theoretical analysis of the evaporative cooling of an atomic\nbeam propagating in a magnetic guide. Cooling is provided by transverse\nevaporation. The atomic dynamics inside the guide is analyzed by solving the\nBoltzmann equation with two different approaches: an approximate analytical\nansatz and a Monte-Carlo simulation. Within their domain of validity, these two\nmethods are found to be in very good agreement with each other. They allow us\nto determine how the phase-space density and the flux of the beam vary along\nits direction of propagation. We find a significant increase for the\nphase-space density along the guide for realistic experimental parameters. By\nextrapolation, we estimate the length of the beam needed to reach quantum\ndegeneracy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The partially asymmetric zero range process with quenched disorder: We consider the one-dimensional partially asymmetric zero range process where\nthe hopping rates as well as the easy direction of hopping are random\nvariables. For this type of disorder there is a condensation phenomena in the\nthermodynamic limit: the particles typically occupy one single site and the\nfraction of particles outside the condensate is vanishing. We use extreme value\nstatistics and an asymptotically exact strong disorder renormalization group\nmethod to explore the properties of the steady state. In a finite system of $L$\nsites the current vanishes as $J \\sim L^{-z}$, where the dynamical exponent,\n$z$, is exactly calculated. For $0<z<1$ the transport is realized by $N_a \\sim\nL^{1-z}$ active particles, which move with a constant velocity, whereas for\n$z>1$ the transport is due to the anomalous diffusion of a single Brownian\nparticle. Inactive particles are localized at a second special site and their\nnumber in rare realizations is macroscopic. The average density profile of\ninactive particles has a width of, $\\xi \\sim \\delta^{-2}$, in terms of the\nasymmetry parameter, $\\delta$. In addition to this, we have investigated the\napproach to the steady state of the system through a coarsening process and\nfound that the size of the condensate grows as $n_L \\sim t^{1/(1+z)}$ for large\ntimes. For the unbiased model $z$ is formally infinite and the coarsening is\nlogarithmically slow.",
        "positive": "Three-parameter model of a sand pile: The theory of a flux steady-state (avalanche) formation is presented for the\nsimplest model of a real sand pile within the framework of Lorenz approach. The\nstationary values of sand velocity and sand pile slope are derived as functions\nof controlling parameter (externally driven sandpile slope). The additive\nnoises of above values are taken into account to build the phase diagram, where\nthe noise intensities determine a domain of the avalanche appearance. This\ndomain shows to be crucial to the noise intensity of vertical component of sand\nvelocity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Arrested States formed on Quenching Spin Chains with Competing\n  Interactions and Conserved Dynamics: We study the effects of rapidly cooling to T = 0 a spin chain with conserved\ndynamics and competing interactions. Depending on the degree of competition,\nthe system is found to get arrested in different kinds of metastable states.\nThe most interesting of these has an inhomogeneous mixture of interspersed\nactive and quiescent regions. In this state, the steady-state autocorrelation\nfunction decays as a stretched exponential $\\sim\n\\exp(-{(t/\\tau_{o})}^{{1}\\over{3}})$, and there is a two-step relaxation to\nequilibrium when the temperature is raised slightly.",
        "positive": "A composition of different $q$ nonextensive systems with the normalized\n  expectation based on escort probability: This is a study of composition rule and temperature definition for\nnonextensive systems containing different $q$ subsystems. The physical meaning\nof the multiplier $\\beta$ associated with the energy expectation in the\noptimization of Tsallis entropy is investigated for the formalism with\nnormalized expectation given by escort probability. This study is carried out\nfor two possible cases: the case of the approximation of additive energy; and\nthe case of nonadditive energy prescribed by an entropy composition rule for\ndifferent $q$ systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diagrammatics for SU(2) invariant matrix product states: We report on a systematic implementation of su(2) invariance for matrix\nproduct states (MPS) with concrete computations cast in a diagrammatic\nlanguage. As an application we present a variational MPS study of $su(2)$\ninvariant quantum spin systems. For efficient computations we make systematic\nuse of the su(2) symmetry at all steps of the calculations: (i) the matrix\nspace is set up as a direct sum of irreducible representations, (ii) the local\nmatrices with state-valued entries are set up as superposition of su(2) singlet\noperators, (iii) products of operators are evaluated algebraically by making\nuse of identities for $3j$ and $6j$ symbols. The remaining numerical\ncomputations like the diagonalization of the associated transfer matrix and the\nminimization of the energy expectation value are done in spaces free of\nsymmetry degeneracies. The energy expectation value is a strict upper bound of\nthe true ground-state energy and yields definite conclusions about the accuracy\nof DMRG results reported in the literature. Furthermore, we present explicit\nresults with accuracy better than $10^{-4}$ for nearest- and next-nearest\nneighbour spin correlators and for general dimer-dimer correlators in the\nthermodynamical limit of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain with frustration.",
        "positive": "Lattice models of random advection and diffusion and their statistics: We study in detail a one-dimensional lattice model of a continuum, conserved\nfield (mass) that is transferred deterministically between neighbouring random\nsites. The model falls in a wider class of lattice models capturing the joint\neffect of random advection and diffusion and encompassing as specific cases,\nsome models studied in the literature, like the Kang-Redner,\nKipnis-Marchioro-Presutti, Takayasu-Taguchi, etc. The motivation for our setup\ncomes from a straightforward interpretation as advection of particles in\none-dimensional turbulence, but it is also related to a problem of\nsynchronization of dynamical systems driven by common noise. For finite\nlattices, we study both the coalescence of an initially spread field\n(interpreted as roughening), and the statistical steady-state properties. We\ndistinguish two main size-dependent regimes, depending on the strength of the\ndiffusion term and on the lattice size. Using numerical simulations and\nmean-field approach, we study the statistics of the field. For weak diffusion,\nwe unveil a characteristic hierarchical structure of the field. We also connect\nthe model and the iterated function systems concept."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipation-relaxation dynamics of a spin-1/2 particle with a\n  Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling in an ohmic heat bath: Spin-orbit coupling (SOC), which is inherent to a Dirac particle that moves\nunder the influence of electromagnetic fields, manifests itself in a variety of\nphysical systems including non-relativistic ones. For instance, it plays an\nessential role in spintronics developed in the past few decades, particularly\nby controlling spin current generation and relaxation. In the present work, by\nusing an extended Caldeira-Leggett model, we elucidate how the interplay\nbetween spin relaxation and momentum dissipation of an open system of a single\nspin-$1/2$ particle with a Rashba type SOC is induced by the interactions with\na spinless, three-dimensional environment. Staring from the path integral\nformulation for the reduced density matrix of the system, we have derived a set\nof coupled nonlinear equations that consists of a quasi-classical Langevin\nequation for the momentum with a frictional term and a spin precession\nequation. The spin precesses around the effective magnetic field generated by\nboth the SOC and the frictional term. It is found from analytical and numerical\nsolutions to these equations that a spin torque effect included in the\neffective magnetic field causes a spin relaxation and that the spin and\nmomentum orientations after a long time evolution are largely controlled by the\nRashba coupling strength. Such a spin relaxation mechanism is qualitatively\ndifferent from, e.g., the one encountered in semiconductors where essentially\nno momentum dissipation occurs due to the Pauli blocking.",
        "positive": "Localized matter-waves patterns with attractive interaction in rotating\n  potentials: We consider a two-dimensional (2D) model of a rotating attractive\nBose-Einstein condensate (BEC), trapped in an external potential. First, an\nharmonic potential with the critical strength is considered, which generates\nquasi-solitons at the lowest Landau level (LLL). We describe a family of the\nLLL quasi-solitons using both numerical method and a variational approximation\n(VA), which are in good agreement with each other. We demonstrate that kicking\nthe LLL mode or applying a ramp potential sets it in the Larmor (cyclotron)\nmotion, that can also be accurately modeled by the VA."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "About Standpoints for Surmounting Reversibility and Recurrence Paradoxes\n  in Theoretical Thermodynamics: The reversibility and recurrence paradoxes are key issues that have been left\nunsolved in researches on the foundation of thermodynamics since the 19th\ncentury. This article shows that (1) the reversibility paradox can be overcome\nif we pay attention to observed quantities, which represent net results of the\nmotion of a reversible character in the non-observable area and (2) the\nrecurrence paradox can be surmounted if we look at an isolated system from the\ninside, in which there is no system with discrete energy levels. These\narguments confirm the validity of the reported conclusion that the origin of\nthe increase of entropy in an isolated system is the basic quality of\nmicroscopic particles of spontaneously spreading into every possible spatial\narea.",
        "positive": "Persistence of a Continuous Stochastic Process with Discrete-Time\n  Sampling: Non-Markov Processes: We consider the problem of `discrete-time persistence', which deals with the\nzero-crossings of a continuous stochastic process, X(T), measured at discrete\ntimes, T = n(\\Delta T). For a Gaussian Stationary Process the persistence (no\ncrossing) probability decays as exp(-\\theta_D T) = [\\rho(a)]^n for large n,\nwhere a = \\exp[-(\\Delta T)/2], and the discrete persistence exponent, \\theta_D,\nis given by \\theta_D = \\ln(\\rho)/2\\ln(a). Using the `Independent Interval\nApproximation', we show how \\theta_D varies with (\\Delta T) for small (\\Delta\nT) and conclude that experimental measurements of persistence for smooth\nprocesses, such as diffusion, are less sensitive to the effects of discrete\nsampling than measurements of a randomly accelerated particle or random walker.\nWe extend the matrix method developed by us previously [Phys. Rev. E 64,\n015151(R) (2001)] to determine \\rho(a) for a two-dimensional random walk and\nthe one-dimensional random acceleration problem. We also consider `alternating\npersistence', which corresponds to a < 0, and calculate \\rho(a) for this case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Notes on thermodynamics in special relativity: Foundations of thermodynamics in special theory of relativity are considered.\nWe argue that from the phenomenological point of view the correct relativistic\ntransformations of heat and absolute temperature are given by the formulae\nproposed by H. Ott, H. Arzeli\\`{e}s and C. M\\oller. It is shown that the same\ntransformation rules can be also found from the relativistic Gibbs distribution\nfor ideal gas. This distribution has been recently verified by the computer\nsimulations. Phenomenological and statistical thermometers in relativistic\nthermodynamics are analysed.",
        "positive": "Nematic phase transitions in two-dimensional systems: Simulations of nematic-isotropic transition of liquid crystals in two\ndimensions are performed using an O(2) vector model characterised by non linear\nnearest neighbour spin interaction governed by the fourth Legendre polynomial\n$P\\_4$. The system is studied through standard Finite-Size Scaling and\nconformal rescaling of density profiles or correlation functions. The low\ntemperature limit is discussed in the spin wave approximation and confirms the\nnumerical results, while the value of the correlation function exponent at the\ndeconfining transition seems controversial."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chimera order in spin systems: Homogeneous populations of oscillators have recently been shown to exhibit\nstable coexistence of coherent and incoherent regions. Generalizing the concept\nof chimera states to the context of order-disorder transition in systems at\nthermal equilibrium, we show analytically that such complex ordering can appear\nin a system of Ising spins, possibly the simplest physical system exhibiting\nthis phenomenon. We also show numerically the existence of chimera ordering in\n3-dimensional spin systems that model layered magnetic materials, suggesting\npossible means of experimentally observing such states.",
        "positive": "Dynamical coexistence in moderately polydisperse hard-sphere glasses: We perform extensive numerical simulations of a paradigmatic model glass\nformer, the hard-sphere fluid with 10% polydispersity. We sample from the\nensemble of trajectories with fixed observation time, whereby single\ntrajectories are generated by event-driven molecular dynamics. We show that\nthese trajectories can be characterized in terms of local structure, and we\nfind a dynamical-structural (active-inactive) phase transition between two\ndynamical phases: one dominated by liquid-like trajectories with low degree of\nlocal order and one dominated by glassy-like trajectories with a high degree of\nlocal order. We show that both phases coexist and are separated by a\nspatiotemporal interface. Sampling exceptionally long trajectories allows to\nperform a systematic finite-size scaling analysis. We find excellent agreement\nwith Binder's scaling theory for first-order transitions. Interestingly, the\ncoexistence region narrows at higher densities, supporting the idea of a\ncritical point controlling the dynamic arrest."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Logarithmic corrections to correlation decay in two-dimensional\n  random-bond Ising systems: The statistics of critical spin-spin correlation functions in Ising systems\nwith non-frustrated disorder are investigated on a strip geometry, via\nnumerical transfer-matrix techniques. Conformal invariance concepts are used,\nin order to test for logarithmic corrections to pure power-law decay against\ndistance. Fits of our data to conformal-invariance expressions, specific to\nlogarithmic corrections to correlations on strips, give results with the\ncorrect sign, for the moments of order $n=0-4$ of the correlation-function\ndistribution. We find an interval of disorder strength along which corrections\nto pure-system behavior can be decomposed into the product of a known\n$n$-dependent factor and an approximately $n$-independent one, in accordance\nwith predictions. A phenomenological fitting procedure is proposed, which takes\npartial account of subdominant terms of correlation-function decay on strips.\nIn the low-disorder limit, it gives results in fairly good agreement with\ntheoretical predictions, provided that an additional assumption is made.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics of lossy data compression using a non-monotonic\n  perceptron: The performance of a lossy data compression scheme for uniformly biased\nBoolean messages is investigated via methods of statistical mechanics. Inspired\nby a formal similarity to the storage capacity problem in the research of\nneural networks, we utilize a perceptron of which the transfer function is\nappropriately designed in order to compress and decode the messages. Employing\nthe replica method, we analytically show that our scheme can achieve the\noptimal performance known in the framework of lossy compression in most cases\nwhen the code length becomes infinity. The validity of the obtained results is\nnumerically confirmed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solutions to the Classical Liouville Equation: We present solutions to the classical Liouville equation for ergodic and\ncompletely integrable systems - systems that are known to attain equilibrium.\nErgodic systems are known to thermal equilibrate with a Maxwell-Boltzmann\ndistribution and we show a simple derivation of this distribution that also\nleads to a derivation of the distribution at any time t. For illustrative\npurposes, we apply the method to the problem of a one-dimensional gravitational\ngas even though its ergodicity is debatable. For completely integrable systems,\nthe Liouville equation in the original phase space is rather involved because\nof the group structure of the integral invariants, which hints of a gauge\nsymmetry. We use Dirac's constrained formalism to show the change in the\nLiouville equation, which necessitates the introduction of gauge-fixing\nconditions. We then show that the solution of the Liouville equation is\nindependent of the choice of gauge, which it must be because physical\nquantities are derived from the distribution. Instead, we derive the solution\nto the classical Liouville equation in the phase space where the dynamics\ninvolve ignorable coordinates, a technique that is akin to the use of the\nunitarity gauge in spontaneously broken gauge theories to expose the physical\ndegrees of freedom. It turns out the distribution is time-independent and\nprecisely given by the generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE), which was solved by\nJaynes using the method of constrained optimization. As an example, we apply\nthe method to the problem of two particles in 3D interacting via a central\npotential.",
        "positive": "Effective Edwards-Wilkinson equation for single-file diffusion: In this work, we present an effective discrete Edwards-Wilkinson equation\naimed to describe the single-file diffusion process. The key physical\nproperties of the system are captured defining an effective elasticity, which\nis proportional to the single particle diffusion coefficient and to the inverse\nsquared mean separation between particles. The effective equation gives a\ndescription of single-file diffusion using the global roughness of the system\nof particles, which presents three characteristic regimes, namely normal\ndiffusion, subdiffusion and saturation, separated by two crossover times. We\nshow how these regimes scale with the parameters of the original system.\nAdditional repulsive interaction terms are also considered and we analyze how\nthe crossover times depend on the intensity of the additional terms. Finally,\nwe show that the roughness distribution can be well characterized by the\nEdwards-Wilkinson universal form for the different single-file diffusion\nprocesses studied here."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Classical-Map Hyper-Netted-Chain (CHNC) method and associated novel\n  density-functional methods for Warm Dense Matter: The advent of short-pulse lasers, nanotechnology, as well as shock-wave\ntechniques have created new states of matter (e.g., warm dense matter) that\ncall for new theoretical tools. Ion correlations, electron correlations as well\nas bound states, continuum states, partial degeneracies and quasi-equilibrium\nsystems need to be addressed. Bogoliubov's ideas of timescales can be used to\ndiscuss the quasi-thermodynamics of non-equilibrium systems. A rigorous\napproach to the associated many-body problem turns out to be the computation of\nthe underlying pair-distribution functions g_ee, g_ei and g_ii, that directly\nyield non-local exchange-correlation potentials, free energies etc., valid\nwithin the timescales of each evolving system. An accurate classical map of the\nstrongly-quantum uniform electron-gas problem given by Dharma-wardana and\nPerrot is reviewed. This replaces the quantum electrons at T=0 by an equivalent\nclassical fluid at a finite temperature T_q, and having the same correlation\nenergy. It has been shown, but not proven, that the classical fluid g_ij are\nexcellent approximations to the quantum g_ij. The classical map is used with\nclassical molecular dynamics (CMMD) or hyper-netted-chain integral equations\n(CHNC) to determine the pair-distribution functions (PDFs), and hence their\nthermodynamic and linear transport properties. The CHNC is very efficient for\ncalculating the PDFs of uniform systems, while CMMD is more adapted to\nnon-uniform systems. Applications to 2D and 3D quantum fluids, Si\nmetal-oxide-field-effect transistors, Al plasmas, shock-compressed deuterium,\ntwo-temperature plasmas, pseudopotentials, as well as calculations for\nparabolic quantum dots are reviewed.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation theorem for constrained equilibrium systems: We discuss the fluctuation properties of equilibrium chaotic systems with\nconstraints such as iso-kinetic and Nos\\'e-Hoover thermostats. Although the\ndynamics of these systems does not typically preserve phase-space volumes, the\naverage phase-space contraction rate vanishes, so that the stationary states\nare smooth. Nevertheless finite-time averages of the phase-space contraction\nrate have non-trivial fluctuations which we show satisfy a simple version of\nthe Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem, complementary to the usual\nfluctuation theorem for non-equilibrium stationary states, and appropriate to\nconstrained equilibrium states. Moreover we show these fluctuations are\ndistributed according to a Gaussian curve for long-enough times. Three\ndifferent systems are considered here, namely (i) a fluid composed of particles\ninteracting with Lennard-Jones potentials; (ii) a harmonic oscillator with\nNos\\'e-Hoover thermostatting; (iii) a simple hyperbolic two-dimensional map."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equal opportunities lead to maximum wealth inequality: If wealthier people have advantages in having higher returns than poor,\ninequality will unequivocally increase, but is equal opportunity enough to\nprevent it? According to several models in economics and econophysics, no. They\nall display wealth concentration as a peculiar feature of its dynamics, even\nthough no individual can have repeating gains advantage. Here, generalizing\nthese particular models, we present a rigorous analytical demonstration, using\nmaster equation formalism, that any fair market that gives each agent the same\nexpected return conducts the system to maximum inequality.",
        "positive": "The role of conditional probability in multi-scale stationary Markovian\n  processes: The aim of the paper is to understand how the inclusion of more and more\ntime-scales into a stochastic stationary Markovian process affects its\nconditional probability. To this end, we consider two Gaussian processes: (i) a\nshort-range correlated process with an infinite set of time-scales bounded from\nbelow, and (ii) a power-law correlated process with an infinite and unbounded\nset of time-scales. For these processes we investigate the equal position\nconditional probability P(x,t|x,0) and the mean First Passage Time T(L). The\nfunction P(x,t|x,0) can be considered as a proxy of the persistence, i.e. the\nfact that when a process reaches a position x then it spends some time around\nthat position value. The mean First Passage Time can be considered as a proxy\nof how fast is the process in reaching a position at distance L starting from\nposition x. In the first investigation we show that the more time-scales the\nprocess includes, the larger the persistence. Specifically, we show that the\npower-law correlated process shows a slow power-law decay of P(x,t|x,0) to the\nstationary pdf. By contrast, the short range correlated process shows a decay\ndominated by an exponential cut-off. Moreover, we also show that the existence\nof an infinite and unbouded set of time-scales is a necessary and not\nsufficient condition for observing a slow power-law decay of P(x,t|x,0). In the\nsecond investigation, we show that for large values of L the more time-scales\nthe process includes, the larger the mean First Passage Time, i.e. the slowest\nthe process. On the other hand, for small values of L, the more time-scales the\nprocess includes, the smaller the mean First Passage Time, i.e. when a process\nstatistically spends more time in a given position the likelihood that it\nreached nearby positions by chance is also enhanced."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chiral phase from three spin interactions in an optical lattice: A spin-1/2 chain model that includes three spin interactions can effectively\ndescribe the dynamics of two species of bosons trapped in an optical lattice\nwith a triangular-ladder configuration. A perturbative theoretical approach and\nnumerical study of its ground state is performed that reveals a rich variety of\nphases and criticalities. We identify phases with periodicity one, two or\nthree, as well as critical points that belong in the same universality class as\nthe Ising or the three-state Potts model. We establish a range of parameters,\ncorresponding to a large degeneracy present between phases with period 2 and 3,\nthat nests a gapless incommensurate chiral phase.",
        "positive": "Blast in a One-Dimensional Cold Gas: From Newtonian Dynamics to\n  Hydrodynamics: A gas composed of a large number of atoms evolving according to Newtonian\ndynamics is often described by continuum hydrodynamics. Proving this rigorously\nis an outstanding open problem, and precise numerical demonstrations of the\nequivalence of the hydrodynamic and microscopic descriptions are rare. We test\nthis equivalence in the context of the evolution of a blast wave, a problem\nthat is expected to be at the limit where hydrodynamics could work. We study a\none-dimensional gas at rest with instantaneous localized release of energy for\nwhich the hydrodynamic Euler equations admit a self-similar scaling solution.\nOur microscopic model consists of hard point particles with alternating masses,\nwhich is a nonintegrable system with strong mixing dynamics. Our extensive\nmicroscopic simulations find a remarkable agreement with Euler hydrodynamics,\nwith deviations in a small core region that are understood as arising due to\nheat conduction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Behavior of a General O(n)-symmetric Model of two n-Vector\n  Fields in D=4-2 epsilon: The critical behaviour of the O(n)-symmetric model with two n-vector fields\nis studied within the field-theoretical renormalization group approach in a\nD=4-2 epsilon expansion. Depending on the coupling constants the\nbeta-functions, fixed points and critical exponents are calculated up to the\none- and two-loop order, resp. (eta in two- and three-loop order). Continuous\nlines of fixed points and O(n)*O(2) invariant discrete solutions were found.\nApart from already known fixed points two new ones were found. One agrees in\none-loop order with a known fixed point, but differs from it in two-loop order.",
        "positive": "Driven Brownian coagulation of polymers: We present an analysis of the mean-field kinetics of Brownian coagulation of\ndroplets and polymers driven by input of monomers which aims to characterize\nthe long time behavior of the cluster size distribution as a function of the\ninverse fractal dimension, $a$, of the aggregates. We find that two types of\nlong time behavior are possible. For $0\\leq a < 1/2$ the size distribution\nreaches a stationary state with a power law distribution of cluster sizes\nhaving exponent 3/2. The amplitude of this stationary state is determined\nexactly as a function of $a$. For $1/2 < a \\leq 1$, the cluster size\ndistribution never reaches a stationary state. Instead a bimodal distribution\nis formed in which a narrow population of small clusters near the monomer scale\nis separated by a gap (where the cluster size distribution is effectively zero)\nfrom a population of large clusters which continue to grow for all time by\nabsorbing small clusters. The marginal case, $a=1/2$, is difficult to analyze\ndefinitively, but we argue that the cluster size distribution becomes\nstationary and there is a logarithmic correction to the algebraic tail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo studies of the square Ising model with next-nearest-neighbor\n  interactions: We apply a new entropic scheme to study the critical behavior of the\nsquare-lattice Ising model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor\nantiferromagnetic interactions. Estimates of the present scheme are compared\nwith those of the Metropolis algorithm. We consider interactions in the range\nwhere superantiferromagnetic (SAF) order appears at low temperatures. A recent\nprediction of a first-order transition along a certain range (0.5-1.2) of the\ninteraction ratio $(R=J_{nnn}/J_{nn})$ is examined by generating accurate data\nfor large lattices at a particular value of the ratio $(R=1)$. Our study does\nnot support a first-order transition and a convincing finite-size scaling\nanalysis of the model is presented, yielding accurate estimates for all\ncritical exponents for R=1 . The magnetic exponents are found to obey ``weak\nuniversality'' in accordance with a previous conjecture.",
        "positive": "The High Density Phase of the $k$-NN Hard Core Lattice Gas Model: The $k$-NN hard core lattice gas model on a square lattice, in which the\nfirst $k$ next nearest neighbor sites of a particle are excluded from being\noccupied by another particle, is the lattice version of the hard disc model in\ntwo dimensional continuum. It has been conjectured that the lattice model, like\nits continuum counterpart, will show multiple entropy-driven transitions with\nincreasing density if the high density phase has columnar or striped order.\nHere, we determine the nature of the phase at full packing for $k$ up to\n$820302$. We show that there are only eighteen values of $k$, all less than\n$k=4134$, that show columnar order, while the others show solid-like sublattice\norder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The sound of many hands clapping: We report on a series of measurements aimed to characterize the development\nand the dynamics of the rhythmic applause in concert halls. Our results\ndemonstrate that while this process shares many characteristics of other\nsystems that are known to synchronize, it also has features that are unexpected\nand unaccounted for in many other systems. In particular, we find that the\nmechanism lying at the heart of the synchronization process is the period\ndoubling of the clapping rhythm. The characteristic interplay between\nsynchronized and unsynchronized regimes during the applause is the result of a\nfrustration in the systems. All results are understandable in the framework of\nthe Kuramoto model.",
        "positive": "Spin conductivity of the XXZ chain in the antiferromagnetic massive\n  regime: We present a series representation for the dynamical two-point function of\nthe local spin current for the XXZ chain in the antiferromagnetic massive\nregime at zero temperature. From this series we can compute the correlation\nfunction with very high accuracy up to very long times and large distances.\nEach term in the series corresponds to the contribution of all scattering\nstates of an even number of excitations. These excitations can be interpreted\nin terms of an equal number of particles and holes. The lowest term in the\nseries comprises all scattering states of one hole and one particle. This term\ndetermines the long-time large-distance asymptotic behaviour which can be\nobtained explicitly from a saddle-point analysis. The space-time Fourier\ntransform of the two-point function of currents at zero momentum gives the\noptical spin conductivity of the model. We obtain highly accurate numerical\nestimates for this quantity by numerically Fourier transforming our data. For\nthe one-particle, one-hole contribution, equivalently interpreted as a\ntwo-spinon contribution, we obtain an exact and explicit expression in terms of\nknown special functions. For large enough anisotropy, the two-spinon\ncontribution carries most of the spectral weight, as can be seen by calculating\nthe f-sum rule."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Bounds on Precision in Ballistic Multi-Terminal Transport: For classical ballistic transport in a multi-terminal geometry, we derive a\nuniversal trade-off relation between total dissipation and the precision, at\nwhich particles are extracted from individual reservoirs. Remarkably, this\nbound becomes significantly weaker in presence of a magnetic field breaking\ntime-reversal symmetry. By working out an explicit model for chiral transport\nenforced by a strong magnetic field, we show that our bounds are tight. Beyond\nthe classical regime, we find that, in quantum systems far from equilibrium,\ncorrelated exchange of particles makes it possible to exponentially reduce the\nthermodynamic cost of precision.",
        "positive": "Anomalous diffusion and quasistationarity in the HMF model: We explore the quasistationary regime of the Hamiltonian Mean Field Model\n(HMF) showing that at least three different classes of events exist, with a\ndifferent diffusive behavior and with a relative frequency which depends on the\nsize of the system. Along the same line of a recent work \\cite{epl}, these\nresults indicate that one must be very careful in exchanging time averages with\nensemble averages during the non-ergodic metastable regime and at the same time\nthey emphasize the role of finite size effects in the evaluation of the\ndiffusive properties of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics to the universal structure of one-dimensional self-gravitating\n  systems in the quasi-equilibrium state: We investigate the quasi-equilibrium state of one-dimensional\nself-gravitating systems. If the null virial condition is satisfied at initial\ntime, it is found that the number density around the center of the system at\nthe quasi-equilibrium state has the universality similar to two- and\nthree-dimensional self-gravitating systems reported in\n\\cite{Tashiro16,Tashiro10}. The reason why the null virial condition is\nsufficient for the universality is unveiled by the envelope equation. We\npresent a phenomenological model to describe the universal structure by using a\nspecial Langevin equation with a distinctive random noise to self-gravitating\nsystems. Additionally, we unveil a mechanism which decides the radius of the\nsystem.",
        "positive": "Exact relationship between the entanglement entropies of XY and quantum\n  Ising chains: We consider two prototypical quantum models, the spin-1/2 XY chain and the\nquantum Ising chain and study their entanglement entropy, S(l,L), of blocks of\nl spins in homogeneous or inhomogeneous systems of length L. By using two\ndifferent approaches, free-fermion techniques and perturbational expansion, an\nexact relationship between the entropies is revealed. Using this relation we\ntranslate known results between the two models and obtain, among others, the\nadditive constant of the entropy of the critical homogeneous quantum Ising\nchain and the effective central charge of the random XY chain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bethe Ansatz for the Weakly Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process and\n  phase transition in the current distribution: The probability distribution of the current in the asymmetric simple\nexclusion process is expected to undergo a phase transition in the regime of\nweak asymmetry of the jumping rates. This transition was first predicted by\nBodineau and Derrida using a linear stability analysis of the hydrodynamical\nlimit of the process and further arguments have been given by Mallick and\nProlhac. However it has been impossible so far to study what happens after the\ntransition. The present paper presents an analysis of the large deviation\nfunction of the current on both sides of the transition from a Bethe ansatz\napproach of the weak asymmetry regime of the exclusion process.",
        "positive": "Generalized formulation of theoretical maximum energy efficiency of\n  light-powered systems based on photon entropy analysis: Certain questions regarding the analysis of theoretical maximum energy\nefficiency $\\eta_{max}$ of light-powered systems by the radiant temperature and\nits use for the Boltzmann coefficient remain unanswered. A potential reason for\nthis could be the confusion about equilibrium and reversibility. Therefore,\nthis study performed a quantum statistical entropy analysis of a light-powered\nsystem based on reversibility as the solely essential condition and without\nrecourse to the concept of radiation temperature. Several quantitative analyses\nthat cannot be performed with radiation temperature can be performed using the\ngeneralized formula. As examples, this study presents the formulation of\n$\\eta_{max}$ considering the entropy change caused by photochemical reactions,\nsuch as that in photosynthesis and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR),\nand the formulations of several quantities under radiation with arbitrary\n$\\Omega$ and P. Furthermore, analysis from this study found that $\\eta_{max}$\ndecreases as the light absorption rate increases, which had not previously been\nconsidered. This general formula is presented, which fills the gap between the\nJeter efficiency (Carnot efficiency) $\\eta_{C}=1-T_{out}/T_{in}$ and the\nSpanner efficiency $\\eta_{S}$=1-(4/3)$T_{out}$/$T_{in}$ (where $T_{out}$ is\nambient temperature and $T_{in}$ is the temperature in the system) for\nblack-body radiation. The analyses generally formulated in this study allow\npractical analyses of systems such as photosynthesis and photovoltaics, under\nvarious conditions relating to sunlight scattered through the atmosphere.\n  Finally, it is proved with elementary geometry that the total entropy of the\nsolar radiation from the Sun to the upper atmosphere of the Earth remains at a\nconstant value. This means that the use of solar energy on satellites in space\nis expected to be more efficient than on the earth's surface."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Scaling in Dissipative Burgers Turbulence: An exact analysis is performed for the two-point correlation function C(r,t)\nin dissipative Burgers turbulence with bounded initial data, in arbitrary\nspatial dimension d. Contrary to the usual scaling hypothesis of a single\ndynamic length scale, it is found that C contains two dynamic scales: a\ndiffusive scale l_{D} \\sim t^{1/2} for very large r, and a super-diffusive\nscale L(t) \\sim t^{a} for r \\ll l_{D}, where a = (d+1)/(d+2). The consequences\nfor conventional scaling theory are discussed. Finally, some simple scaling\narguments are presented within the `toy model' of disordered systems theory,\nwhich may be exactly mapped onto the current problem.",
        "positive": "Static Properties of Trapped Bose Gases at Finite Temperature: I.\n  Thomas- Fermi Limit: We rely on a variational approach to derive a set of equations governing a\ntrapped self-interacting Bose gas at finite temperature. In this work, we\nanalyze the static situation both at zero and finite temperature in the\nThomas-Fermi limit. We derive simple analytic expressions for the condensate\nproperties at finite temperature. The noncondensate and anomalous density\nprofiles are also analyzed in terms of the condensate fraction. The results are\nquite encouraging owing to the simplicity of the formalism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bidimensional intermittent search processes: an alternative to Levy\n  flights strategies: Levy flights are known to be optimal search strategies in the particular case\nof revisitable targets. In the relevant situation of non revisitable targets,\nwe propose an alternative model of bidimensional search processes, which\nexplicitly relies on the widely observed intermittent behavior of foraging\nanimals. We show analytically that intermittent strategies can minimize the\nsearch time, and therefore do constitute real optimal strategies. We study two\nrepresentative modes of target detection, and determine which features of the\nsearch time are robust and do not depend on the specific characteristics of\ndetection mechanisms. In particular, both modes lead to a global minimum of the\nsearch time as a function of the typical times spent in each state, for the\nsame optimal duration of the ballistic phase. This last quantity could be a\nuniversal feature of bidimensional intermittent search strategies.",
        "positive": "Multithermal-multibaric molecular simulations from a variational\n  principle: We present a method for performing multithermal-multibaric molecular dynamics\nsimulations that sample entire regions of the temperature-pressure (TP) phase\ndiagram. The method uses a variational principle [Valsson and Parrinello, Phys.\nRev. Lett. 113, 090601 (2014)] in order to construct a bias that leads to a\nuniform sampling in energy and volume. The intervals of temperature and\npressure are taken as inputs and the relevant energy and volume regions are\ndetermined on the fly. In this way the method guarantees adequate statistics\nfor the chosen TP region. We show that our multithermal-multibaric simulations\ncan be used to calculate all static physical quantities for all temperatures\nand pressures in the targeted region of the TP plane. We illustrate our\napproach by studying the density anomaly of TIP4P/Ice water."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaled Particle Theory for Hard Sphere Pairs. II. Numerical Analysis: We use the extension of scaled particle theory (ESPT) presented in the\naccompanying paper [Stillinger et al. J. Chem. Phys. xxx, xxx (2007)] to\ncalculate numerically pair correlation function of the hard sphere fluid over\nthe density range $0\\leq \\rho\\sigma^3\\leq 0.96$. Comparison with computer\nsimulation results reveals that the new theory is able to capture accurately\nthe fluid's structure across the entire density range examined. The pressure\npredicted via the virial route is systematically lower than simulation results,\nwhile that obtained using the compressibility route is lower than simulation\npredictions for $\\rho\\sigma^3\\leq 0.67$ and higher than simulation predictions\nfor $\\rho\\sigma^3\\geq 0.67$. Numerical predictions are also presented for the\nsurface tension and Tolman length of the hard sphere fluid.",
        "positive": "Unsupervised learning universal critical behavior via the intrinsic\n  dimension: The identification of universal properties from minimally processed data sets\nis one goal of machine learning techniques applied to statistical physics.\nHere, we study how the minimum number of variables needed to accurately\ndescribe the important features of a data set - the intrinsic dimension ($I_d$)\n- behaves in the vicinity of phase transitions. We employ state-of-the-art\nnearest neighbors-based $I_d$-estimators to compute the $I_d$ of raw Monte\nCarlo thermal configurations across different phase transitions: first-,\nsecond-order and Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless. For all the considered cases,\nwe find that the $I_d$ uniquely characterizes the transition regime. The\nfinite-size analysis of the $I_d$ allows not just to identify critical points\nwith an accuracy comparable with methods that rely on {\\it a priori}\nidentification of order parameters, but also to determine the corresponding\n(critical) exponent $\\nu$ in case of continuous transitions. For the case of\ntopological transitions, this analysis overcomes the reported limitations\naffecting other unsupervised learning methods. Our work reveals how raw data\nsets display unique signatures of universal behavior in the absence of any\ndimensional reduction scheme, and suggest direct parallelism between\nconventional order parameters in real space, and the intrinsic dimension in the\ndata space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hopping in the crowd to unveil network topology: We introduce a nonlinear operator to model diffusion on a complex undirected\nnetwork under crowded conditions. We show that the asymptotic distribution of\ndiffusing agents is a nonlinear function of the nodes' degree and saturates to\na constant value for sufficiently large connectivities, at variance with\nstandard diffusion in the absence of excluded-volume effects. Building on this\nobservation, we define and solve an inverse problem, aimed at reconstructing\nthe a priori unknown connectivity distribution. The method gathers all the\nnecessary information by repeating a limited number of independent measurements\nof the asymptotic density at a single node that can be chosen randomly. The\ntechnique is successfully tested against both synthetic and real data, and\nshown to estimate with great accuracy also the total number of nodes.",
        "positive": "Unveiling the nature of out-of-equilibrium phase transitions in a system\n  with long-range interactions: Recently, there has been some vigorous interest in the out-of-equilibrium\nquasistationary states (QSSs), with lifetimes diverging with the number N of\ndegrees of freedom, emerging from numerical simulations of the ferromagnetic XY\nHamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) starting from some special initial conditions.\nPhase transitions have been reported between low-energy magnetized QSSs and\nlarge-energy unexpected, antiferromagnetic-like, QSSs with low magnetization.\nThis issue is addressed here in the Vlasov N \\rightarrow \\infty limit. It is\nargued that the time-asymptotic states emerging in the Vlasov limit can be\nrelated to simple generic time-asymptotic forms for the force field. The\nproposed picture unveils the nature of the out-of-equilibrium phase transitions\nreported for the ferromagnetic HMF: this is a bifurcation point connecting an\neffective integrable Vlasov one-particle time-asymptotic dynamics to a partly\nergodic one which means a brutal open-up of the Vlasov one-particle phase\nspace. Illustration is given by investigating the time-asymptotic value of the\nmagnetization at the phase transition, under the assumption of a sufficiently\nrapid time-asymptotic decay of the transient force field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation of the order-parameter statistics in the Ising quantum chain: We study the out-of-equilibrium probability distribution function of the\nlocal order parameter in the transverse field Ising quantum chain. Starting\nfrom a fully polarised state, the relaxation of the ferromagnetic order is\nanalysed: we obtain a full analytical description of the late-time stationary\ndistribution by means of a remarkable relation to the partition function of a\n3-states classical model. Accordingly, depending on the phase whereto the\npost-quench Hamiltonian belongs, the probability distribution may locally\nretain memories of the initial long-range order. When quenching deep in the\nbroken-symmetry phase, we show that the stationary order-parameter statistics\nis indeed related to that of the ground state. We highlight this connection by\ninspecting the ground-state equilibrium properties, where we propose an\neffective description based on the block-diagonal approximation of the\n$n$-point spin correlation functions.",
        "positive": "Hysteresis phenomena at ultrathin lubricant film melting in the case of\n  first-order phase transition: Within the framework of Lorentz model for description of viscoelastic medium\nthe influence of deformational defect of the shear modulus is studied on\nmelting of ultrathin lubricant film confined between the atomically flat solid\nsurfaces. The possibility of jump-like and continuous melting is shown. Three\nmodes of lubricant behavior are found, which correspond to the zero shear\nstress, the Hooke section of loading diagram, and the domain of plastic flow.\nTransition between these modes can take place according to mechanisms of\nfirst-order and second-order phase transitions. Hysteresis of dependences of\nstationary stresses on strain and friction surfaces temperature is described.\nPhase kinetics of the system is investigated. It is shown that ratio of the\nrelaxation times for the studied quantities influences qualitatively on the\ncharacter of the stationary mode setting."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The entropic pressure of a lattice polygon: The entropic pressure in the vicinity of a two dimensional square lattice\npolygon is examined as a model of the entropic pressure near a planar ring\npolymer. The scaling of the pressure as a function of distance from the polygon\nand length of the polygon is determined and tested numerically.",
        "positive": "Deterministic Brownian Motion: The Effects of Perturbing a Dynamical\n  System by a Chaotic Semi-Dynamical System: Here we review and extend central limit theorems for highly chaotic but\ndeterministic semi-dynamical discrete time systems. We then apply these results\nshow how Brownian motion-like results are recovered, and how an\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck process results within a totally deterministic framework.\nThese results illustrate that the contamination of experimental data by \"noise\"\nmay, under certain circumstances, be alternately interpreted as the signature\nof an underlying chaotic process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the origin of power-laws in equilibrium: A particle in the attractive Coulomb field has an interesting property: its\nspecific heat is constant and negative. We show, both analytically and\nnumerically, that when a classical Hamiltonian system stays in weak contact\nwith one such negative specific heat object, its statistics conforms to a\nfat-tailed power-law distribution with power index given by $C/k_B-1$, where\n$k_B$ is Boltzmann constant and $C$ is the heat capacity.",
        "positive": "Loschmidt echo and stochastic-like quantum dynamics of nano-particles: We investigate time evolution of prepared vibrational state (system) coupled\nto a reservoir with dense spectrum of its vibrational states. We assume that\nthe reservoir has an equidistant spectrum, and the system - reservoir coupling\nmatrix elements are independent of the reservoir states. The analytical\nsolution manifests three regimes of the evolution for the system: (I) weakly\ndamped oscillations; (II) multicomponent Loschmidt echo in recurrence cycles;\n(III) overlapping recurrence cycles. We find the characteristic critical values\nof the system - reservoir coupling constant for the transitions between these\nregimes. Stochastic dynamics occurs in the regime (III) due to inevoidably in\nany real system coarse graining of time or energy measurements, or initial\ncondition uncertainty. Even though a specific toy model is investigated here,\nwhen properly interpreted it yields quite reasonable description for a variety\nof physically relevant phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Localization of random walks to competing manifolds of distinct\n  dimensions: We consider localization of a random walk (RW) when attracted or repelled by\nmultiple extended manifolds of different dimensionalities. In particular, we\nfocus on $(d-1)$- and $(d-2)$-dimensional manifolds in $d$-dimensional space,\nwhere attractive interactions are (fully or marginally) relevant. The RW can\nthen be in one of four phases where it is localized to neither, one, or both\nmanifolds. The four phases merge at a special multi-critical point where (away\nfrom the manifolds) the RW spreads diffusively. Extensive numerical analyses on\ntwo dimensional RWs confined inside or outside a rectangular wedge confirm\ngeneral features expected from a continuum theory, but also exhibit unexpected\nattributes, such as a reentrant localization to the corner while repelled by\nit.",
        "positive": "Local Scale-Invariance of the 2+1 dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang model: Local Scale-Invariance theory is tested by extensive dynamical simulations of\nthe driven dimer lattice gas model, describing the surface growth of the 2+1\ndimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang surfaces. Very precise measurements of the\nuniversal autoresponse function enabled us to perform nonlinear fitting with\nthe scaling forms, suggested by local scale-invariance (LSI). While the simple\nLSI ansatz does not seem to work, forms based on logarithmic extension of LSI\nprovide satisfactory description of the full (measured) time evolution of the\nautoresponse function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free cooling of particles with rotational degrees of freedom: Free cooling of granular materials is analyzed on the basis of a\npseudo-Liouville operator. Exchange of translational and rotational energy\nrequires surface roughness for spherical grains, but occurs for non-spherical\ngrains, like needles, even if they are perfectly smooth. Based on the\nassumption of a homogeneous cooling state, we derive an approximate analytical\ntheory. It predicts that cooling of both rough spheres and smooth needles\nproceeds in two stages: An exponentially fast decay to a state with stationary\nratio of translational and rotational energy and a subsequent algebraic decay\nof the total energy. These results are confirmed by simulations for large\nsystems of moderate density. For higher densities, we observe deviations from\nthe homogeneous state as well as large-scale structures in the velocity field.\nWe study non-Gaussian distributions of the momenta perturbatively and observe a\nbreakdown of the expansion for particular values of surface roughness and\nnormal restitution.",
        "positive": "Superdiffusive comb: Application to experimental observation of\n  anomalous diffusion in one dimension: A possible mechanism of superdiffusion of ultra-cold atoms in a\none-dimensional polarization optical lattice, observed experimentally in [Phys.\nRev. Lett. \\textbf{108}, 093002 (2012)], is suggested. The analysis is based on\na consideration of anomalous diffusion in a fractal comb [Phys. Rev. E\n\\textbf{83}, 052106 (2011)]. It is shown that the transport exponent is\ndetermined by the fractal geometry of the comb due to recoil distributions\nresulting in L\\'evy flights of atoms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modifications of the hydrogen bond network of liquid water in a\n  cylindrical SiO_2 pore: We present results of molecular dynamics simulations of water confined in a\nsilica pore. A cylindrical cavity is created inside a vitreous silica cell with\ngeometry and size similar to the pores of real Vycor glass. The simulations are\nperformed at different hydration levels. At all hydration levels water adsorbs\nstrongly on the Vycor surface; a double layer structure is evident at higher\nhydrations. At almost full hydration the modifications of the\nconfinement-induced site-site pair distribution functions are in qualitative\nagreement with neutron diffraction experiment. A decrease in the number of\nhydrogen bonds between water molecules is observed along the pore radius, due\nto the tendency of the molecules close to the substrate to form hydrogen-bonds\nwith the hydrophilic pore surface. As a consequence we observe a substrate\ninduced distortion of the H-bond tetrahedral network of water molecules in the\nregions close to the surface.",
        "positive": "Random and ordered phases of off-lattice rhombus tiles: We study the covering of the plane by non-overlapping rhombus tiles, a\nproblem well-studied only in the limiting case of dimer coverings of regular\nlattices. We go beyond this limit by allowing tiles to take any position and\norientation on the plane, to be of irregular shape, and to possess different\ntypes of attractive interactions. Using extensive numerical simulations we show\nthat at large tile densities there is a phase transition from a fluid of\nrhombus tiles to a solid packing with broken rotational symmetry. We observe\nself-assembly of broken-symmetry phases, even at low densities, in the presence\nof attractive tile-tile interactions. Depending on tile shape and interactions\nthe solid phase can be random, possessing critical orientational fluctuations,\nor crystalline. Our results suggest strategies for controlling tiling order in\nexperiments involving `molecular rhombi'."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Advection of a passive scalar field by turbulent compressible fluid:\n  renormalization group analysis near $d = 4$: The field theoretic renormalization group (RG) and the operator product\nexpansion (OPE) are applied to the model of a density field advected by a\nrandom turbulent velocity field. The latter is governed by the stochastic\nNavier-Stokes equation for a compressible fluid. The model is considered near\nthe special space dimension $d = 4$. It is shown that various correlation\nfunctions of the scalar field exhibit anomalous scaling behaviour in the\ninertial-convective range. The scaling properties in the RG+OPE approach are\nrelated to fixed points of the renormalization group equations. In comparison\nwith physically interesting case $d = 3$, at $d = 4$ additional Green function\nhas divergences which affect the existence and stability of fixed points. From\ncalculations it follows that a new regime arises there and then by continuity\nmoves into $d = 3$. The corresponding anomalous exponents are identified with\nscaling dimensions of certain composite fields and can be systematically\ncalculated as series in $y$ (the exponent, connected with random force) and\n$\\epsilon=4-d$. All calculations are performed in the leading one-loop\napproximation.",
        "positive": "Novel surface state in a class of incommensurate system: We study the Landau model of the class of incommensurate systems with a\nscalar order parameter where the modulated phase is driven by a\ngradient-squared term with negative coefficient. For example, theoretical\nstudies of cholesteric liquid crystals in a field (electric or magnetic)\nsuggest that such an modulated phase should exist at high chirality. The bulk\nphase diagram in the presence of a bulk external field which couples linearly\nto the order parameter exhibits a modulated phase inside a loop in the\ntemperature-field plane, and a homogeneous phase outside. On analyzing the same\nmodel for a semi-infinite system, we find a surprising result; the system\nexhibits surface states in a region where the bulk phase is homogeneous (but\nclose to the modulated region). These states are very different from the\nwell-known surface states induced either by a surface field or by enhanced\ninteractions at the surface, for they exist and are energetically favored even\nwhen the sole effect of the surface is to terminate the bulk, as expressed by\nfree boundary conditions taken at the surface. Near the surface, the\nsurface-state order parameter is very different from the bulk value (in fact,\nit has the opposite sign). When the temperature or the bulk field are varied to\nmove away from the modulated state, we find a surface phase transition at which\nthe surface states become energetically unfavorable, though they continue to\nexist as metastable states. We then study how a surface field changes the\nsurface phase diagram."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy current manipulation and reversal of rectification in graded XXZ\n  spin chains: This work is devoted to the investigation of nontrivial transport properties\nin many-body quantum systems. Precisely, we study transport in the steady state\nof spin-1/2 Heisenberg XXZ chains, driven out of equilibrium by two magnetic\nbaths with fixed, different magnetization. We take graded versions of the\nmodel, i.e., asymmetric chains in which some structure gradually changes in\nspace. We investigate how we can manipulate and control the energy and spin\ncurrents of such chains by tuning external and/or inner parameters. In\nparticular, we describe the occurrence of energy current rectification and its\nreversal due to the application of external magnetic fields. We show that,\nafter carefully chosen the inner parameters of the system, by turning on an\nexternal magnetic field we can find spin and energy currents propagating in\ndifferent directions. More interestingly, we may find cases in which\nrectifications of the energy and of the spin currents occur in opposite\ndirections, i.e., if the energy current is larger when flowing from left to\nright side, then the spin current is larger if it flows from the right to left\nside. We still describe situations with inversion of the energy current\ndirection as we increase the system asymmetry. We stress that our work aims the\ndevelopment of theoretical knowledge as well as the stimulation of future\nexperimental applications.",
        "positive": "Kink confinement in the antiferromagnetic XXZ spin-1/2 chain in a weak\n  staggered magnetic field: The Heisenberg XXZ spin-1/2 chain is considered in the massive\nantiferromagnetic regime in the presence of a staggered longitudinal magnetic\nfield. The Hamiltonian of the model is characterised by the anisotropy\nparameter $\\Delta<-1$, and by the magnetic field strength h. At zero magnetic\nfield, the model is exactly solvable. In the thermodynamic limit, it has two\ndegenerate vacua and the kinks (which are also called spinons) interpolating\nbetween these vacua, as elementary excitations. Application of the staggered\nmagnetic field breaks integrability of the model and induces the long-range\nattractive potential between two adjacent kinks leading to their confinement\ninto the bound states. The energy spectra of the resulting two-kink bound\nstates are perturbatively calculated in the extreme anisotropic (Ising) limit\n$\\Delta\\to-\\infty$ to the first order in the inverse anisotropy constant\n$|\\Delta|^{-1}$, and also for generic values of $\\Delta<-1$ to the first order\nin the weak magnetic field h."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Corrections to universal R\u00e9nyi entropy in quasiparticle excited states\n  of quantum chains: We investigate the energy eigenstate R\\'enyi entropy of generic bipartition\nin the fermionic, bosonic, and spin-1/2 XY chains. When the gap of the theory\nis large or all the momenta of the excited quasiparticles are large, the\nR\\'enyi entropy takes a universal form, which is independent of the model, the\nquasiparticle momenta, and the subsystem connectedness. We calculate\nanalytically the R\\'enyi entropy in the extremely gapped limit and find\ndifferent additional contributions to the universal R\\'enyi entropy in various\nmodels. The corrections to the universal R\\'enyi entropy cannot be neglected\nwhen the momentum differences of the excited quasiparticles are small. The\nR\\'enyi entropy derived in the extremely gapped limit is still valid in the\nslightly gapped and even critical chains as long as all the momenta of the\nexcited quasiparticles are large. In the case of double interval in the XY\nchain we find new universal results and their corrections. We call the result\nuniversal even though it is only valid for double interval in the spin-1/2 XY\nchain. In the case of the bosonic chain in the extremely massive limit we find\nanalytically a novel formula for the R\\'enyi entropy written as the permanent\nof a certain matrix. We support all of our analytical results with numerical\ncalculations.",
        "positive": "Patch coalescence as a mechanism for eukaryotic directional sensing: Eukaryotic cells possess a sensible chemical compass allowing them to orient\ntoward sources of soluble chemicals. The extracellular chemical signal triggers\nseparation of the cell membrane into two domains populated by different\nphospholipid molecules and oriented along the signal anisotropy. We propose a\ntheory of this polarization process, which is articulated into subsequent\nstages of germ nucleation, patch coarsening and merging into a single domain.\nWe find that the polarization time, $t_\\epsilon$, depends on the anisotropy\ndegree $\\epsilon$ through the power law $t_\\epsilon\\propto \\epsilon^{-2}$, and\nthat in a cell of radius $R$ there should exist a threshold value\n$\\epsilon_\\mathrm{th}\\propto R^{-1}$ for the smallest detectable anisotropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum measurement as driven phase transition: An exactly solvable\n  model: A model of quantum measurement is proposed, which aims to describe\nstatistical mechanical aspects of this phenomenon, starting from a purely\nHamiltonian formulation. The macroscopic measurement apparatus is modeled as an\nideal Bose gas, the order parameter of which, that is, the amplitude of the\ncondensate, is the pointer variable. It is shown that properties of\nirreversibility and ergodicity breaking, which are inherent in the model\napparatus, ensure the appearance of definite results of the measurement, and\nprovide a dynamical realization of wave-function reduction or collapse. The\nmeasurement process takes place in two steps: First, the reduction of the state\nof the tested system occurs over a time of order $\\hbar/(TN^{1/4})$, where $T$\nis the temperature of the apparatus, and $N$ is the number of its degrees of\nfreedom. This decoherence process is governed by the apparatus-system\ninteraction. During the second step classical correlations are established\nbetween the apparatus and the tested system over the much longer time-scale of\nequilibration of the apparatus. The influence of the parameters of the model on\nnon-ideality of the measurement is discussed. Schr\\\"{o}dinger kittens, EPR\nsetups and information transfer are analyzed.",
        "positive": "The one-dimensional KPZ equation: an exact solution and its universality: We report on the first exact solution of the KPZ equation in one dimension,\nwith an initial condition which physically corresponds to the motion of a\nmacroscopically curved height profile. The solution provides a determinantal\nformula for the probability distribution function of the height $h(x,t)$ for\nall $t>0$. In particular, we show that for large $t$, on the scale $t^{1/3}$,\nthe statistics is given by the Tracy-Widom distribution, known already from the\ntheory of GUE random matrices. Our solution confirms that the KPZ equation\ndescribes the interface motion in the regime of weak driving force. Within this\nregime the KPZ equation details how the long time asymptotics is approached."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo simulations and numerical solutions of short-time critical\n  dynamics: Recent progress in numerical study of the short-time critical dynamics is\nbriefly reviewed.",
        "positive": "Aspects of Nos\u00e9 and Nos\u00e9-Hoover Dynamics Elucidated: Some paradoxical aspects of the Nos\\'e and Nos\\'e-Hoover dynamics of 1984 and\nDettmann's dynamics of 1996 are elucidated. Phase-space descriptions of\nthermostated harmonic oscillator dynamics can be simultaneously expanding,\nincompressible, or contracting, as is described here by a variety of three- and\nfour-dimensional phase-space models. These findings illustrate some surprising\nconsequences when Liouville's continuity equation is applied to Hamiltonian\nflows."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enhanced diffusion of molecular motors in the presence of adenosine\n  triphosphate and external force: The diffusion of a molecular motor in the presence of a constant external\nforce is considered on the basis of a simple theoretical model. The motor is\nrepresented by a Brownian particle moving in a series of parabolic potentials\nplaced periodically on a line, and the potential is switched stochastically\nfrom one parabola to another by a chemical reaction, which corresponds to the\nATP hydrolysis or synthesis in motor proteins. It is found that the diffusion\ncoefficient as a function of the force exhibits peaks. The mechanism of this\ndiffusion enhancement and the possibility of observing it in F1-ATPase, a\nbiological rotary motor, are discussed.",
        "positive": "A many-body Szilard engine with giant number fluctuations: Szil\\'ard's information engine is a canonical example in the field of\nthermodynamics of information. We realize experimentally a macroscopic\nmany-particle Szil\\'ard engine that consists of active particles and use it to\nlift a mass against gravity. We show that the extractable work per cycle\nincreases when the raised weight is changed more gradually during the process.\nInterestingly, we find that the ideal extractable work grows with the number of\nparticles due to giant number fluctuations. This is in contrast to the\ncalculated behavior of a similar engine operating on thermal particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical and quantum stochastic thermodynamics: The stochastic thermodynamics provides a framework for the description of\nsystems that are out of thermodynamic equilibrium. It is based on the\nassumption that the elementary constituents are acted by random forces that\ngenerate a stochastic dynamics, which is here represented by a\nFokker-Planck-Kramers equation. We emphasize the role of the irreversible\nprobability current, the vanishing of which characterizes the thermodynamic\nequilibrium and yields a special relation between fluctuation and dissipation.\nThe connection to thermodynamics is obtained by the definition of the energy\nfunction and the entropy as well as the rate at which entropy is generated. The\nextension to quantum systems is provided by a quantum evolution equation which\nis a canonical quantization of the Fokker-Planck-Kramers equation. An example\nof an irreversible systems is presented which shows a nonequilibrium stationary\nstate with an unceasing production of entropy. A relationship between the\nfluxes and the path integral is also presented.",
        "positive": "Time-reparametrization invariances, multithermalization and the Parisi\n  scheme: The Parisi scheme for equilibrium and the corresponding slow dynamics with\nmultithermalization - same temperature common to all observables, different\ntemperatures only possible at widely separated timescales -- imply one another.\nConsistency requires that two systems brought into infinitesimal coupling be\nable to rearrange their timescales in order that all their temperatures match:\nthis time reorganisation is only possible because the systems have a set of\ntime-reparametrization invariances, that are thus seen to be an essential\ncomponent of the scenario."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Proof of the determinantal form of the spontaneous magnetization of the\n  superintegrable chiral Potts model: The superintegrable chiral Potts model has many resemblances to the Ising\nmodel, so it is natural to look for algebraic properties similar to those found\nfor the Ising model by Onsager, Kaufman and Yang. The spontaneous magnetization\nM_r can be written in terms of a sum over the elements of a matrix S_r. The\nauthor conjectured the form of the elements, and this conjecture has been\nverified by Iorgov et al. The author also conjectured in 2008 that this sum\ncould be expressed as a determinant, and has recently evaluated the determinant\nto obtain the known result for M_r. Here we prove that the sum and the\ndeterminant are indeed identical expressions.",
        "positive": "Coarse-graining strategy for molecular pair interactions: A reaction\n  coordinate study for two- and three-dimensional systems: We investigate and provide optimal sets of reaction coordinates for mixed\npairs of molecules displaying polar, uniaxial, or spherical symmetry in two and\nthree dimensions. These coordinates are non-redundant, i.e., they implicitly\ninvolve the molecules' symmetries. By tabulating pair interactions in these\ncoordinates, resulting tables are thus minimal in length and require a minimal\nmemory space. The intended fields of application are computer simulations of\nlarge ensembles of molecules or colloids with rather complex interactions in a\nfluid or liquid crystalline phase at low densities. Using effective\ninteractions directly in the form of tables can help bridging the time and\nlength scales without introducing errors stemming from any modeling procedure.\nFinally, we outline an exemplary computational methodology for gaining an\neffective pair potential in these coordinates, based on the Boltzmann inversion\nprinciple, by providing a step-by-step recipe."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium Casimir-like Forces in Liquid Mixtures: In this Letter we consider a liquid mixture confined between two thermally\nconducting walls subjected to a stationary temperature gradient. While in a\none-component liquid non-equilibrium fluctuation forces appear inside the\nliquid layer only, non-equilibrium fluctuations in a mixture induce a\nCasimir-like force on the walls. The physical reason is that the temperature\ngradient induces large concentration fluctuations through the Soret effect.\nUnlike temperature fluctuations, non-equilibrium concentration fluctuations are\nalso present near a perfectly thermally conducting wall. The magnitude of the\nfluctuation-induced Casimir force is proportional to the square of the Soret\ncoefficient and is related to the concentration dependence of the heat and\nvolume of mixing.",
        "positive": "Physically interpretable approximations of many-body spectral functions: The rational function approximation provides a natural and interpretable\nrepresentation of response functions such as the many-body spectral functions.\nWe apply the Vector Fitting (VFIT) algorithm to fit a variety of spectral\nfunctions calculated from the Holstein model of electron-phonon interactions.\nWe show that the resulting rational functions are highly efficient in their\nfitting of sharp features in the spectral functions, and could provide a means\nto infer physically relevant information from a spectral dataset. The position\nof the peaks in the approximated spectral function are determined by the\nlocation of poles in the complex plane. In addition, we developed an enhanced\nversion of VFIT by introducing a regularization parameter that is slowly\nannealed to zero. With this new procedure, we demonstrate it is possible to\nachieve accurate spectral function fits that vary smoothly as a function of\nphysical conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Paradox of Bose-Einstein Condensation: The paradox of Bose-Einstein condensation is that phenomena such as the\n$\\lambda$-transition heat capacity and superfluid flow are macroscopic, whereas\nthe occupancy of the ground state is microscopic. This contradiction is\nresolved with a simple derivation for ideal bosons that shows Bose-Einstein\ncondensation is into multiple low-lying states, not just the ground state.",
        "positive": "Advantages and challenges in coupling an ideal gas to atomistic models\n  in adaptive resolution simulations: In adaptive resolution simulations, molecular fluids are modeled employing\ndifferent levels of resolution in different subregions of the system. When\ntraveling from one region to the other, particles change their resolution on\nthe fly. One of the main advantages of such approaches is the computational\nefficiency gained in the coarse-grained region. In this respect the best\ncoarse-grained system to employ in the low resolution region would be the ideal\ngas, making intermolecular force calculations in the coarse-grained subdomain\nredundant. In this case, however, a smooth coupling is challenging due to the\nhigh energetic imbalance between typical liquids and a system of\nnon-interacting particles. In the present work, we investigate this approach,\nusing as a test case the most biologically relevant fluid, water. We\ndemonstrate that a successful coupling of water to the ideal gas can be\nachieved with current adaptive resolution methods, and discuss the issues that\nremain to be addressed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum transport in randomly diluted quantum percolation clusters in\n  two dimensions: We study the hopping transport of a quantum particle through finite, randomly\ndiluted percolation clusters in two dimensions. We investigate how the\ntransmission coefficient T behaves as a function of the energy E of the\nparticle, the occupation concentration p of the disordered cluster, the size of\nthe underlying lattice, and the type of connection chosen between the cluster\nand the input and output leads. We investigate both the point-to-point contacts\nand the busbar type of connection. For highly diluted clusters we find the\nbehavior of the transmission to be independent of the type of connection. As\nthe amount of dilution is decreased we find sharp variations in transmission.\nThese variations are the remnants of the resonances at the ordered,\nzero-dilution, limit. For particles with energies within 0.25 <= E <= 1.75\n(relative to the hopping integral) and with underlying square lattices of size\n20x20, the configurations begin transmitting near p_a = 0.60 with T against p\ncurves following a common pattern as the amount of dilution is decreased. Near\np_b = 0.90 this pattern is broken and the transmission begins to vary with the\nenergy. In the asymptotic limit of very large clusters we find the systems to\nbe totally reflecting except when the amount of dilution is very low and when\nthe particle has energy close to a resonance value at the ordered limit or when\nthe particle has energy at the middle of the band.",
        "positive": "Universality of rotons in liquids, generalized superfluidity criterion\n  and helons in helium II: An analysis of experimental data shows that, in addition to phonon--roton\nexcitations in superfluid helium, there necessarily exist at least one branch\nof elementary excitations whose energy spectrum strongly depends on\ntemperature. On this basis, the Landau superfluidity criterion is generalized\nfor several branches of elementary excitations, taking into account that the\ncritical velocity should vanish during the phase transition of liquid helium\nfrom the superfluid state to the normal state. We suppose that a new spectrum\nof excitations with a gap, depending on interparticle interaction, corresponds\nto the transition of helium to superfluid state. This gap exists only in\nsuperfluid state and disappears at the transition temperature to normal state.\nThe phonon-roton branch of excitations has no crucial influence on\nsuperfluidity. Rotons, as well as phonons, are not the specific excitations for\nthe superfluid helium, but exist as universal excitations in liquid state, and\nform the continuous branch of excitations in different liquids. This point of\nview is confirmed experimentally and numerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Looping of a long chain polymer in solution: Simple derivation for exact\n  solution for a delta function sink: A simple analytical method for solving intra-molecular reactions of polymer\nchain in dilute solution is formulated. The physical problem of looping can be\nmodeled mathematically with the use of a Smoluchowski-like equation with a\nDirac delta function sink of finite strength. Here we have proposed a very\nsimple method of solution. The solution is expressed in terms of Laplace\nTransform of the Green's function for end-to-end motion of the polymer in\nabsence of the sink. We have used two different rate constants, the long term\nrate constant and the average rate constant. The average rate constant and long\nterm rate constant varies with several parameters such as length of the polymer\n(N), bond length (b) and the relaxation time ${\\tau_R}$. Our results are in\nagreement with that produced by more general and detailed method.",
        "positive": "Casimir forces between arbitrary compact objects: We develop an exact method for computing the Casimir energy between arbitrary\ncompact objects, either dielectrics or perfect conductors. The energy is\nobtained as an interaction between multipoles, generated by quantum current\nfluctuations. The objects' shape and composition enter only through their\nscattering matrices. The result is exact when all multipoles are included, and\nconverges rapidly. A low frequency expansion yields the energy as a series in\nthe ratio of the objects' size to their separation. As an example, we obtain\nthis series for two dielectric spheres and the full interaction at all\nseparations for perfectly conducting spheres."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two state model for critical points and the negative slope of the\n  melting-curve: We present a thermodynamic model which explains the presence of a negative\nslope in the melt curve, as observed in systems as diverse as the alkali metals\nand molecular hydrogen at high pressure. We assume that components of the\nsystem can be in one of two well defined states - one associated with low\nenergy, the other with low volume.\n  The model exhibits a number of measurable features which are also observed in\nthese systems and are therefore expected to be associated with all negative\nClapeyron-slope systems: first order phase transitions, thermodynamic anomalies\nalong Widom lines.\n  The melt curve maximum is a feature of the model, but appears well below the\npressures where the change in state occurs in the solid: the solid-solid\ntransition is related to the melt line minimum. An example of the model fitted\nto the electride transition in potassium is discussed.",
        "positive": "Localized defects in a cellular automaton model for traffic flow with\n  phase separation: We study the impact of a localized defect in a cellular automaton model for\ntraffic flow which exhibits metastable states and phase separation. The defect\nis implemented by locally limiting the maximal possible flow through an\nincrease of the deceleration probability. Depending on the magnitude of the\ndefect three phases can be identified in the system. One of these phases shows\nthe characteristics of stop-and-go traffic which can not be found in the model\nwithout lattice defect. Thus our results provide evidence that even in a model\nwith strong phase separation stop-and-go traffic can occur if local defects\nexist. From a physical point of view the model describes the competition\nbetween two mechanisms of phase separation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Study of phase transition of Potts model with Domain Adversarial Neural\n  Network: A transfer learning method, Domain Adversarial Neural Network (DANN), is\nintroduced to study the phase transition of two-dimensional q-state Potts\nmodel. With the DANN, we only need to choose a few labeled configurations\nautomatically as input data, then the critical points can be obtained after\ntraining the algorithm. By an additional iterative process, the critical points\ncan be captured to comparable accuracy to Monte Carlo simulations as we\ndemonstrate it for q = 3, 4, 5, 7 and 10. The type of phase transition (first\nor second-order) is also determined at the same time. Meanwhile, for the\nsecond-order phase transition at q=3, we can calculate the critical exponent\n$\\nu$ by data collapse. Furthermore, compared to the traditional supervised\nlearning, we found the DANN to be more accurate with lower cost.",
        "positive": "Stochastic resonance in finite arrays of bistable elements with local\n  coupling: In this article, we investigate the stochastic resonance (SR) effect in a\nfinite array of noisy bistable systems with nearest-neighbor coupling driven by\na weak time-periodic driving force. The array is characterized by a collective\nvariable. By means of numerical simulations, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)\nand the gain are estimated as functions of the noise and the interaction\ncoupling strength. A strong enhancement of the SR phenomenon for this\ncollective variable in comparison with SR in single unit bistable systems is\nobserved. Gains larger than unity are obtained for some parameter values and\nmulti- frequency driving forces, indicating that the system is operating in a\nnon-linear regime albeit the smallness of the driving amplitude. The large SNR\nvalues observed are basically due to the fact that the output fluctuations are\nsmall and short lived, in comparison with their typical values in a linear\nregime. A non-monotonic behavior of the SNR with the coupling strength is also\nobtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Eliminating the cuspidal temperature profile of a non-equilibrium chain: In 1967, Z. Rieder, J. L. Lebowitz and E. Lieb (RLL) introduced a model of\nheat conduction on a crystal that became a milestone problem of non-equilibrium\nstatistical mechanics. Along with its inability to reproduce Fourier's Law -\nwhich subsequent generalizations have been trying to amend - the RLL model is\nalso characterized by awkward cusps at the ends of the non-equilibrium chain,\nan effect that has endured all these years without a satisfactory answer. In\nthis paper, we first show that such trait stems from the insufficiency of\npinning interactions between the chain and the substrate. Assuming the\npossibility of pinning the chain, the analysis of the temperature profile in\nthe space of parameters reveals that for a proper combination of the border and\nbulk pinning values, the temperature profile may shift twice between the RLL\ncuspidal behavior and the expected monotonic local temperature evolution along\nthe system, as a function of the pinning. At those inversions, the temperature\nprofile along the chain is characterized by perfect plateaux: at the first\nthreshold, the cumulants of the heat flux reach their maxima and the vanishing\nof the two-point velocity correlation function for all sites of the chain so\nthat the system behaves similarly to a \"phonon box\". On the other hand, at the\nsecond change of the temperature profile, we still have the vanishing of the\ntwo-point correlation function but only for the bulk, which explains the\nemergence of the temperature plateau and thwarts the reaching of the maximal\nvalues of the cumulants of the heat flux.",
        "positive": "Mean-Field Approximation for Spacing Distribution Functions in Classical\n  Systems: We propose a mean-field method to calculate approximately the spacing\ndistribution functions $p^{(n)}(s)$ in 1D classical many-particle systems. We\ncompare our method with two other commonly used methods, the independent\ninterval approximation (IIA) and the extended Wigner surmise (EWS). In our\nmean-field approach, $p^{(n)}(s)$ is calculated from a set Langevin equations\nwhich are decoupled by using a mean-field approximation. We found that in spite\nof its simplicity, the mean-field approximation provides good results in\nseveral systems. We offer many examples in which the three methods mentioned\npreviously give a reasonable description of the statistical behavior of the\nsystem. The physical interpretation of each method is also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective surface-tension in the noise-reduced voter model: The role of memory is crucial in determining the properties of many dynamical\nprocesses in statistical physics. We show that the simple addition of memory,\nin the form of noise reduction, modifies the overall scaling behavior of the\nvoter model, introducing an effective surface tension analogous to that\nrecently observed in memory-based models of social dynamics. The numerical\nresults for low-dimensional lattices show a scaling behavior in good agreement\nwith usual Cahn-Allen curvature-driven coarsening, even though slower\npreasymptotic regimes may be observed depending on the memory properties.\nSimple arguments and a mean-field analysis provide an explanation for the\nobserved behavior that clarifies the origin of surface tension and the\nmechanism underlying the coarsening process.",
        "positive": "Fourth Moment of the Charge Density Induced Around A Guest Charge in\n  Two-Dimensional Jellium: The model under consideration is the classical two-dimensional one-component\nplasma (jellium) of pointlike particles with charge $e$, interacting pairwisely\nvia the logarithmic Coulomb potential and immersed in a uniform neutralizing\nbackground charge density. The system is in thermal equilibrium at the inverse\ntemperature $\\beta$, its thermodynamics depends only on the coupling constant\n$\\Gamma=\\beta e^2$. We put into an infinite (homogeneous and translationally\ninvariant) plasma a guest particle of charge $Ze$ with $Z>-2/\\Gamma$ in order\nto prevent from the collapse of the jellium charges onto it. The guest particle\ninduces a screening cloud (the excess charge density) in the plasma. The zeroth\nand second moments of this screening cloud were derived previously for any\nfluid value of $\\Gamma$. In this paper, we propose a formula for the fourth\nmoment of the screening cloud. The derivation is based on the assumption that\nthe fourth moment is, similarly as the second moment, analytic in $Z$ around\n$Z=0$. An exact treatment of the limit $Z\\to\\infty$ shows that it is a finite\n(cube) polynomial in $Z$. The $\\Gamma$-dependence of the polynomial\ncoefficients is determined uniquely by considering the limits $Z\\to 0$ and\n$Z\\to\\infty$, and the compressibility sum rule for $Z=1$. The formula for the\nfourth moment of screening cloud is checked in the leading and first correction\norders of the Debye-H\\\"uckel limit $\\Gamma\\to 0$ and at the exactly solvable\nfree-fermion point $\\Gamma=2$. Sufficient conditions for sign oscillations of\nthe induced charge density which follow from the second-moment and\nfourth-moment sum rules are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of active field theories: Energetic cost of coupling to\n  reservoirs: The hallmark of active matter is the autonomous directed motion of its\nmicroscopic constituents driven by consumption of energy resources. This leads\nto the emergence of large scale dynamics and structures without any equilibrium\nequivalent. Though active field theories offer a useful hydrodynamic\ndescription, it is unclear how to properly quantify the energetic cost of the\ndynamics from such a coarse-grained description. We provide a thermodynamically\nconsistent framework to identify the energy exchanges between active systems\nand their surrounding thermostat at the hydrodynamic level. Based on linear\nirreversible thermodynamics, we determine how active fields couple with the\nunderlying reservoirs at the basis of nonequilibrium driving. This leads to\nevaluating the rate of heat dissipated in the thermostat, as a measure of the\ncost to sustain the system away from equilibrium, which is related to the\nirreversibility of the active field dynamics. We demonstrate the applicability\nof our approach in two popular active field theories: (i) the dynamics of a\nconserved density field reproducing active phase separation, and (ii) the\ncoupled dynamics of density and polarization describing motile deformable\ndroplets. Combining numerical and analytical approaches, we provide spatial\nmaps of dissipated heat, compare them with the irreversibility measure of the\nactive field dynamics, and explore how the overall dissipated heat varies with\nthe emerging order.",
        "positive": "Linking fluctuation and dissipation in spatially extended\n  out-of-equilibrium systems: For systems in equilibrium at a temperature $T$, thermal noise and energy\ndamping are related to $T$ through the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT).\nWe study here an extension of the FDT to an out of equilibrium steady state: a\nmicrocantilever subject to a constant heat flux. The resulting thermal profile\nin this spatially extended system interplays with the local energy dissipation\nfield to prescribe the amplitude of mechanical fluctuations. Using three\nsamples with different damping profiles (localized or distributed), we probe\nthis approach and experimentally demonstrate the link between fluctuations and\ndissipation. The thermal noise can therefore be predicted a priori from the\nmeasurement of the dissipation as a function of the maximum temperature of the\nmicro-oscillator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A glass-like behavior in the low-temperature specific heat is a natural\n  property of any real crystal: We provide a rigorous calculation of the free energy of a non-metallic\ncrystal containing a small concentration of defects. The low-temperature\nleading contribution is found to be $\\propto T^2$. This further gives a\nlinear-in-$T$ low-temperature specific heat as that exhibited by glasses. These\nresults also show that, similarly to what happens in glasses, the\nlong-wavelength spectrum of a nearly perfect crystal does not suffice to\ndetermine its low-temperature behavior.",
        "positive": "Survival probability of stochastic processes beyond persistence\n  exponents: For many stochastic processes, the probability $S(t)$ of not-having reached a\ntarget in unbounded space up to time $t$ follows a slow algebraic decay at long\ntimes, $S(t)\\sim S_0/t^\\theta$. This is typically the case of symmetric compact\n(i.e. recurrent) random walks. While the persistence exponent $\\theta$ has been\nstudied at length, the prefactor $S_0$, which is quantitatively essential,\nremains poorly characterized, especially for non-Markovian processes. Here we\nderive explicit expressions for $S_0$ for a compact random walk in unbounded\nspace by establishing an analytic relation with the mean first-passage time of\nthe same random walk in a large confining volume. Our analytical results for\n$S_0$ are in good agreement with numerical simulations, even for strongly\ncorrelated processes such as Fractional Brownian Motion, and thus provide a\nrefined understanding of the statistics of longest first-passage events in\nunbounded space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Feynman-Kac Equations for Reaction and Diffusion Processes: This paper provides a theoretical framework of deriving the forward and\nbackward Feynman-Kac equations for the distribution of functionals of the path\nof a particle undergoing both diffusion and chemical reaction. Very general\nforms of the equations are obtained. Once given the diffusion type and reaction\nrate, a specific forward or backward Feynman-Kac equation can be obtained. The\nlisted in the paper include the ones for normal/anomalous diffusions and\nreactions with linear/nonlinear rates. Using the derived equations, we also\nstudy the occupation time in half-space, the first passage time to a fixed\nboundary, and the occupation time in half-space with absorbing or reflecting\nboundary conditions.",
        "positive": "Two-dimensional particle motion in a random potential under ac bias: We study the Brownian motion of a single particle coupled to an external ac\nfield in a two-dimensional random potential. We find that for small fields a\nlarge-scale vorticity pattern of the steady-state net currents emerges, a\nconsequence of local symmetry breaking. In this regime the net currents are\nhighly correlated, the spatial correlation function follows a logarithmic\ndependence, and the correlation length is of the order of the system size. For\nlarge external fields correlations disappear and only random net currents\npatterns are observed. The numerical analysis indicates that the correlation\nlength scales as a power law with both the size of the system and the amplitude\nof the ac field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization theory of disordered contact processes with heavy-tailed\n  dispersal: Motivated by long-range dispersal in ecological systems, we formulate and\napply a general strong-disorder renormalization group (SDRG) framework to\ndescribe one-dimensional disordered contact processes with heavy-tailed, such\nas power law, stretched exponential, and log-normal dispersal kernels, widely\nused in ecology. The focus is on the close-to-critical scaling of the order\nparameters, including the commonly used density, as well as the less known\npersistence, which is non-zero in the inactive phase. Our analytic and\nnumerical results obtained by SDRG schemes at different levels of approximation\nreveal that the more slowly decaying dispersal kernels lead to more smoothly\nvanishing densities as the critical point is approached. The persistence,\nhowever, shows an opposite tendency: the broadening of the dispersal makes its\ndecline more singular at the critical point, becoming discontinuous for the\nextreme case of power-law dispersal. The SDRG schemes presented here also\ndescribe the quantum phase transition of random transverse-field Ising chains\nwith ferromagnetic long-range interactions, the density corresponding to the\nmagnetization of this model.",
        "positive": "Transport Phenomena in Fluids: Finite-size scaling for critical behavior: Results for transport properties, in conjunction with phase behavior and\nthermodynamics, are presented at the criticality of a binary Lennard-Jones\nfluid from Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. Evidence for much\nstronger finite-size effects in dynamics compared to statics has been\ndemonstrated. Results for bulk viscosity are the first in the literature that\nquantifies critical divergence via appropriate finite-size scaling analysis.\nOur results are in accordance with the predictions of mode-coupling and dynamic\nrenormalization group theoretical calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean escape time for randomly switching narrow gates in a cellular flow: The escape of particles through a narrow absorbing gate in confined domains\nis a abundant phenomenon in various systems in physics, chemistry and molecular\nbiophysics. We consider the narrow escape problem in a cellular flow when the\ntwo gates randomly switch between different states with a switching rate k\nbetween the two gates. After briefly deriving the coupled partial differential\nequations for the escape time through two gates, we compute the mean escape\ntime for particles escaping from the gates with different initial states. By\nnumerical simulation under nonuniform boundary conditions, we quantify how\nnarrow escape time is affected by the switching rate k between the two gates,\narc length s between two gates, angular velocity w of the cellular flow and\ndiffusion coefficient D. We reveal that the mean escape time decreases with the\nswitching rate k between the two gates, angular velocity w and diffusion\ncoefficient D for fixed arc length, but takes the minimum when the two gates\nare evenly separated on the boundary for any given switching rate k between the\ntwo gates. In particular, we find that when the arc length size {\\epsilon} for\nthe gates is sufficiently small, the average narrow escape time is\napproximately independent of the gate arc length size. We further indicate\ncombinations of system parameters (regions located in the parameter space) such\nthat the mean escape time is the longest or shortest. Our findings provide\nmathematical understanding for phenomena such as how ions select ion channels\nand how chemicals leak in annulus ring containers, when drift vector fields are\npresent.",
        "positive": "The spin Drude weight of the XXZ chain and generalized hydrodynamics: Based on a generalized free energy we derive exact thermodynamic Bethe ansatz\nformulas for the expectation value of the spin current, the spin\ncurrent-charge, charge-charge correlators, and consequently the Drude weight.\nThese formulas agree with recent conjectures within the generalized\nhydrodynamics formalism. They follow, however, directly from a proper treatment\nof the operator expression of the spin current. The result for the Drude weight\nis identical to the one obtained 20 years ago based on the Kohn formula and\nTBA. We numerically evaluate the Drude weight for anisotropies\n$\\Delta=\\cos(\\gamma)$ with $\\gamma = n\\pi/m$, $n\\leq m$ integer and coprime. We\nprove, furthermore, that the high-temperature asymptotics for general\n$\\gamma=\\pi n/m$---obtained by analysis of the quantum transfer matrix\neigenvalues---agrees with the bound which has been obtained by the construction\nof quasi-local charges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equal-time correlation function for directed percolation: We suggest an equal-time n-point correlation function for systems in the\ndirected percolation universality class which is well defined in all phases and\nindependent of initial conditions. It is defined as the probability that all\npoints are connected with a common ancestor in the past by directed paths.",
        "positive": "Revisiting and modeling power-law distributions in empirical outage data\n  of power systems: The size distribution of planned and forced outages and following restoration\ntimes in power systems have been studied for almost two decades and has drawn\ngreat interest as they display heavy tails. Understanding of this phenomenon\nhas been done by various threshold models, which are self-tuned at their\ncritical points, but as many papers pointed out, explanations are intuitive,\nand more empirical data is needed to support hypotheses. In this paper, the\nauthors analyze outage data collected from various public sources to calculate\nthe outage energy and outage duration exponents of possible power-law fits.\nTemporal thresholds are applied to identify crossovers from initial short-time\nbehavior to power-law tails. We revisit and add to the possible explanations of\nthe uniformness of these exponents. By performing power spectral analyses on\nthe outage event time series and the outage duration time series, it is found\nthat, on the one hand, while being overwhelmed by white noise, outage events\nshow traits of self-organized criticality (SOC), which may be modeled by a\ncrossover from random percolation to directed percolation branching process\nwith dissipation, coupled to a conserved density. On the other hand, in\nresponses to outages, the heavy tails in outage duration distributions could be\na consequence of the highly optimized tolerance (HOT) mechanism, based on the\noptimized allocation of maintenance resources."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagrams of the Ising-Heisenberg chain with S=1/2 triangular XXZ\n  clusters: The one dimensional spin system consisted of triangular $S=1/2$ $XXZ$\nHeisenberg clusters alternating with single Ising spins is considered.\nPartition function of the system is calculated exactly within the\ntransfer--matrix formalism. T=0 ground state phase diagrams, corresponding to\ndifferent regions of the values of system parameters are obtained.",
        "positive": "Short-time dynamics of finite-size mean-field systems: We study the short-time dynamics of a mean-field model with non-conserved\norder parameter (Curie-Weiss with Glauber dynamics) by solving the associated\nFokker-Planck equation. We obtain closed-form expressions for the first moments\nof the order parameter, near to both the critical and spinodal points, starting\nfrom different initial conditions. This allows us to confirm the validity of\nthe short-time dynamical scaling hypothesis in both cases. Although the\nprocedure is illustrated for a particular mean-field model, our results can be\nstraightforwardly extended to generic models with a single order parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical properties of the Zhang model of Self-Organized Criticality: Critical exponents of the infinitely slowly driven Zhang model of\nself-organized criticality are computed for $d=2,3$ with particular emphasis\ndevoted to the various roughening exponents. Besides confirming recent\nestimates of some exponents, new quantities are monitored and their critical\nexponents computed. Among other results, it is shown that the three dimensional\nexponents do not coincide with the Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld (abelian) model\nand that the dynamical exponent as computed from the correlation length and\nfrom the roughness of the energy profile do not necessarily coincide as it is\nusually implicitly assumed. An explanation for this is provided. The\npossibility of comparing these results with those obtained from Renormalization\nGroup arguments is also briefly addressed.",
        "positive": "Inhomogeneous Fermi mixtures at Unitarity: Bogoliubov-de Gennes vs.\n  Landau-Ginzburg: We present an inhomogeneous theory for the low-temperature properties of a\nresonantly interacting Fermi mixture in a trap that goes beyond the\nlocal-density approximation. We compare the Bogoliubov-de Gennes and a\nLandau-Ginzburg approach and conclude that the latter is more appropriate when\ndealing with a first-order phase transition. Our approach incorporates the\nstate-of-the-art knowledge on the homogeneous mixture with a population\nimbalance exactly and gives good agreement with the experimental density\nprofiles of Shin {\\it et al}. [Nature {\\bf 451}, 689 (2008)]. We calculate the\nuniversal surface tension due to the observed interface between the\nequal-density superfluid and the partially polarized normal state of the\nmixture. We find that the exotic and gapless superfluid Sarma phase can be\nstabilized at this interface, even when this phase is unstable in the bulk of\nthe gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonmonotonic size dependence of the critical concentration in 2D\n  percolation of straight rigid rods under equilibrium conditions: Numerical simulations and finite-size scaling analysis have been carried out\nto study the percolation behavior of straight rigid rods of length $k$\n($k$-mers) on two-dimensional square lattices. The $k$-mers, containing $k$\nidentical units (each one occupying a lattice site), were adsorbed at\nequilibrium on the lattice. The process was monitored by following the\nprobability $R_{L,k}(\\theta)$ that a lattice composed of $L \\times L$ sites\npercolates at a concentration $\\theta$ of sites occupied by particles of size\n$k$. A nonmonotonic size dependence was observed for the percolation threshold,\nwhich decreases for small particles sizes, goes through a minimum, and finally\nasymptotically converges towards a definite value for large segments. This\nstriking behavior has been interpreted as a consequence of the\nisotropic-nematic phase transition occurring in the system for large values of\n$k$. Finally, the universality class of the model was found to be the same as\nfor the random percolation model.",
        "positive": "Kinetic equation for liquids with a multistep potential of interaction.\n  II: Calculation of transport coefficients: We consider a new kinetic equation for systems with a multistep potential of\ninteraction proposed by us recently in Physica A 234 (1996) 89. This potential\nconsists of the hard sphere part and a system of attractive and repulsive\nwalls. Such a model is a generalization of many previous semi-phenomenological\nkinetic theories of dense gases and liquids. In this article a normal solution\nto the new kinetic equation has been obtained, integral conservation laws in\nthe first order on gradients of hydrodynamic parameters have been derived as\nwell. The expressions for transport coefficients are calculated for the case of\nstationary process. We also consider limiting cases for this kinetic equation.\nFor specific parameters of model interaction potential in shape of the\nmultistep function, the obtained results rearrange to those of previous kinetic\ntheories by means of the standard Chapman-Enskog method. In view of this, new\ntheory can be considered as a generalized one which in some specific cases\narrives at the results of previous ones and in such a way displays the\nconnection of these theories between themselves. At the end of this article we\npresent results of numerical computation of transport coefficients for Argon\nalong curve of saturation and their comparison with experimental data available\nand MD simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation between mutation pressure, selection pressure and occurrence\n  of amino acids: We have found that the effective survival time of amino acids in organisms\nfollows a power law with respect to frequency of their occurrence in genes. We\nhave used mutation data matrix PAM1 PET91 to calculate selection pressure on\neach kind of amino acid. The results have been compared to MPM1 matrix\n(Mutation Probability Matrix) representing the pure mutational pressure in the\nBorrelia burgdorferi genome.The results are universal in the sense that the\nsurvival time of amino acids calculated from the higher order PAMk matrices\n(k>1) follows the same power law as in the case of PAM1 matrices.",
        "positive": "Voter models with conserved dynamics: We propose a modified voter model with locally conserved magnetization and\ninvestigate its phase ordering dynamics in two dimensions in numerical\nsimulations. Imposing a local constraint on the dynamics has the surprising\neffect of speeding up the phase ordering process. The system is shown to\nexhibit a scaling regime characterized by algebraic domain growth, at odds with\nthe logarithmic coarsening of the standard voter model. A phenomenological\napproach based on cluster diffusion and similar to Smoluchowski ripening\ncorrectly predicts the observed scaling regime. Our analysis exposes unexpected\ncomplexity in the phase ordering dynamics without thermodynamic potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reshuffling spins with short range interactions: When sociophysics\n  produces physical results: Galam reshuffling introduced in opinion dynamics models is investigated under\nthe nearest neighbor Ising model on a square lattice using Monte Carlo\nsimulations. While the corresponding Galam analytical critical temperature T_C\n\\approx 3.09 [J/k_B] is recovered almost exactly, it is proved to be different\nfrom both values, not reshuffled (T_C=2/arcsinh(1) \\approx 2.27 [J/k_B]) and\nmean-field (T_C=4 [J/k_B]). On this basis, gradual reshuffling is studied as\nfunction of 0 \\leq p \\leq 1 where p measures the probability of spin\nreshuffling after each Monte Carlo step. The variation of T_C as function of p\nis obtained and exhibits a non-linear behavior. The simplest Solomon network\nrealization is noted to reproduce Galam p=1 result. Similarly to the critical\ntemperature, critical exponents are found to differ from both, the classical\nIsing case and the mean-field values.",
        "positive": "Putting Proteins back into Water: We introduce a simplified protein model where the solvent (water) degrees of\nfreedom appear explicitly (although in an extremely simplified fashion). Using\nthis model we are able to recover the thermodynamic phenomenology of proteins\nover a wide range of temperatures. In particular we describe both the warm and\nthe {\\it cold} protein denaturation within a single framework, while addressing\nimportant issues about the structure of model proteins."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of the nonrelativistic free-electron Fermi gas in one,\n  two, and three dimensions from the degenerate to the nondegenerate\n  temperature regime: The thermodynamic properties of a nonrelativistic free-electron Fermi gas is\nof fundamental interest in condensed matter physics. Properties previously\nstudied in three-dimensions (3D) in the low- and high-temperature limits\ninclude the internal energy, heat capacity, zero-field magnetic spin\nsusceptibility, and pressure. Here we report solutions for the temperature\ndependence spanning these two temperature regimes of the chemical potential,\ninternal energy, magnetic susceptibility, and the heat capacity at constant\nvolume in 1D, 2D, and 3D. Also calculated are the pressure, enthalpy, heat\ncapacity at constant pressure, isothermal compressibility, and thermal\nexpansion coefficient versus temperature in 2D and 3D. Of primary interest here\nare the detailed dimension-dependent crossovers of these properties between the\ndegenerate and nondegenerate temperature regime, which are graphically\nillustrated for each of the above properties.",
        "positive": "Transient State Work Fluctuation Theorem for a Driven Classical System: We derive the nonequilibrium transient state work fluctuation theorem and\nalso the Jarzynski equality for a classical harmonic oscillator linearly\ncoupled to a harmonic heat bath, which is dragged by an external agent.\nCoupling with the bath makes the dynamics not only dissipative but also\nnon-Markovian in general. Since we do not assume anything about the spectral\nnature of the harmonic bath the derivation is not only restricted to the\nMarkovian bath rather it is more general, for a non-Markovian bath."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Failure mechanisms and surface roughness statistics of fractured\n  Fontainebleau sandstone: In an effort to investigate the link between failure mechanisms and the\ngeometry of fractures of compacted grains materials, a detailed statistical\nanalysis of the surfaces of fractured Fontainebleau sandstones has been\nachieved. The roughness of samples of different widths W is shown to be self\naffine with an exponent zeta=0.46 +- 0.05 over a range of length scales ranging\nfrom the grain size d up to an upper cut-off length \\xi = 0.15 W. This low zeta\nvalue is in agreement with measurements on other sandstones and on sintered\nmaterials. The probability distributions P(delta z,delta h) of the variations\nof height over different distances delta z > d can be collapsed onto a single\nGaussian distribution with a suitable normalisation and do not display\nmultifractal features. The roughness amplitude, as characterized by the\nheight-height correlation over fixed distances delta z, does not depend on the\nsample width, implying that no anomalous scaling of the type reported for other\nmaterials is present. It is suggested, in agreement with recent theoretical\nwork, to explain these results by the occurence of brittle fracture (instead of\ndamage failure in materials displaying a higher value of zeta = 0.8).",
        "positive": "Dynamical stability of systems with long-range interactions: application\n  of the Nyquist method to the HMF model: We apply the Nyquist method to the Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model in\norder to settle the linear dynamical stability of a spatially homogeneous\ndistribution function with respect to the Vlasov equation. We consider the case\nof Maxwell (isothermal) and Tsallis (polytropic) distributions and show that\nthe system is stable above a critical kinetic temperature T_c and unstable\nbelow it. Then, we consider a symmetric double-humped distribution, made of the\nsuperposition of two decentered Maxwellians, and show the existence of a\nre-entrant phase in the stability diagram. When we consider an asymmetric\ndouble-humped distribution, the re-entrant phase disappears above a critical\nvalue of the asymmetry factor Delta>1.09. We also consider the HMF model with a\nrepulsive interaction. In that case, single-humped distributions are always\nstable. For asymmetric double-humped distributions, there is a re-entrant phase\nfor 1<Delta<25.6, a double re-entrant phase for 25.6<Delta<43.9 and no\nre-entrant phase for Delta>43.9. Finally, we extend our results to arbitrary\npotentials of interaction and mention the connexion between the HMF model,\nCoulombian plasmas and gravitational systems. We discuss the relation between\nlinear dynamical stability and formal nonlinear dynamical stability and show\ntheir equivalence for spatially homogeneous distributions. We also provide a\ncriterion of dynamical stability for inhomogeneous systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computer modeling of natural silicate melts: what can we learn from ab\n  initio simulations: The structural and dynamical properties of four silicate liquids (silica,\nrhyolite, a model basalt and enstatite) are evaluated by ab initio molecular\ndynamics simulation using the density functional theory and are compared with\nclassical simulations using a simple empirical force field. For a given\ncomposition, the structural parameters of the simulated melt vary little\nbetween the two calculations (ab initio versus empirical) and are in\nsatisfactory agreement with structure data available in the literature. In\ncontrast, ionic diffusivities and atomic vibration motions are found to be more\nsensitive to the details of the interactions. Furthermore, it is pointed out\nthat the electronic polarization, as evaluated by the ab initio calculation,\ncontributes significantly to the intensity of the infrared absorption spectra\nof molten silicates, a spectral feature which cannot be reproduced using\nnonpolarizable force field. However the vibration modes of TO4 species and some\nstructural details are not accurately reproduced by our ab initio calculation,\nshortcomings which need to be improved in the future.",
        "positive": "Direct observation of ballistic Brownian motion on a single particle: At fast timescales, the self-similarity of random Brownian motion is expected\nto break down and be replaced by ballistic motion. So far, an experimental\nverification of this prediction has been out of reach due to a lack of\ninstrumentation fast and precise enough to capture this motion. With a newly\ndeveloped detector, we have been able to observe the Brownian motion of a\nsingle particle in an optical trap with 75 MHz bandwidth and sub-{AA}ngstrom\nspatial precision. We report the first measurements of ballistic Brownian\nmotion as well as the first determination of the velocity autocorrelation\nfunction of a Brownian particle. The data are in excellent agreement with\ntheoretical predictions taking into account the inertia of the particle and the\nsurrounding fluid as well as hydrodynamic memory effects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground-state fidelity in the BCS-BEC crossover: The ground-state fidelity has been introduced recently as a tool to\ninvestigate quantum phase transitions. Here, we apply this concept in the\ncontext of a crossover problem. Specifically, we calculate the fidelity\nsusceptibility for the BCS ground-state wave function, when the intensity of\nthe fermionic attraction is varied from weak to strong in an interacting Fermi\nsystem, through the BCS-BEC crossover. Results are presented for contact and\nfinite-range attractive potentials and for both continuum and lattice models.\nWe conclude that the fidelity susceptibility can be useful also in the context\nof crossover problems.",
        "positive": "The Smoluchowski Ensemble: Statistical Mechanics of Aggregation: We present a rigorous thermodynamic treatment of irreversible binary\naggregation. We construct the Smoluchowski ensemble as the set of discrete\nfinite distributions generated from the same initial state of all monomers upon\nfixed number merging events and define a probability measure on this ensemble\nsuch that the mean distribution in the mean-field approximation is governed by\nthe Smoluchowski equation. In the scaling limit this ensemble gives rise to a\nset of relationships completely analogous to those of familiar statistical\nthermodynamics. The central element of the thermodynamic treatment is the\nselection functional, a functional of feasible distributions that connects the\nprobability of distribution to the specific details of the aggregation model.\nWe obtain scaling expressions for general kernels and closed-form results for\nthe special case of the constant, sum and product kernel. We study the\nstability of the most probable distribution, provide criteria for the sol-gel\ntransition and obtain the distribution in the post-gel region by simple\nthermodynamic arguments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective Stochastic Resonance under Heterogeneous Amplitude of Noise: Effective stochastic resonance (SR) is numerically and analytically studied\nusing a model with coupled two particles exposed to heterogeneous, i.e.,\nparticles dependent, amplitude of noise. Compared to previous SR models of\nsingle particle and to those of coupled two particles exposed to equivalent\namplitude of noise, the present model exhibits a more intensive resonance of,\nat least, one particle exposed to the non-larger amplitude of noise with the\nassistance of another particle. In a certain range of conditions, this\neffective resonance of one particle overwhelms the poor resonance of the other\nparticle, meaning that heterogeneous amplitude of noise leads the system, not\nonly locally but also in the average of the whole, to the effective SR.",
        "positive": "Scaling behaviour in probabilistic neuronal cellular automata: We study a neural network model of interacting stochastic discrete two--state\ncellular automata on a regular lattice. The system is externally tuned to a\ncritical point which varies with the degree of stochasticity (or the effective\ntemperature). There are avalanches of neuronal activity, namely spatially and\ntemporally contiguous sites of activity; a detailed numerical study of these\nactivity avalanches is presented, and single, joint and marginal probability\ndistributions are computed. At the critical point, we find that the scaling\nexponents for the variables are in good agreement with a mean--field theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Network percolation provides early warnings of abrupt changes in coupled\n  oscillatory systems: An explanatory analysis: Functional networks are powerful tools to study statistical interdependency\nstructures in spatially extended or multivariable systems. They have been used\nto get insights into the dynamics of complex systems in various areas of\nscience. In particular, percolation properties of correlation networks have\nbeen employed to identify early warning signals of critical transitions. In\nthis work, we further investigate the corresponding potential of percolation\nmeasures for the anticipation of different types of sudden shifts in the state\nof coupled irregularly oscillating systems. As a paradigmatic model system, we\nstudy the dynamics of a ring of diffusively coupled noisy FitzHugh-Nagumo\noscillators and show that, when the oscillators are nearly completely\nsynchronized, the percolation-based precursors successfully provide very early\nwarnings of the rapid switches between the two states of the system. We clarify\nthe mechanisms behind the percolation transition by separating global trends\ngiven by the mean-field behavior from the synchronization of individual\nstochastic fluctuations. We then apply the same methodology to real-world data\nof sea surface temperature anomalies during different phases of the El\nNi\\~no-Southern Oscillation. This leads to a better understanding of the\nfactors that make percolation precursors effective as early warning indicators\nof incipient El Ni\\~no and La Ni\\~na events.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation-driven dynamics of the Internet topology: We study the dynamics of the Internet topology based on the empirical data on\nthe level of the autonomous systems. It is found that the fluctuations\noccurring in the stochastic process of connecting and disconnecting edges are\nimportant features of the Internet dynamics. The network's overall growth can\nbe described approximately by a single characteristic degree growth rate\n$g_{\\rm eff} \\approx 0.016$ and the fluctuation strength $\\sigma_{\\rm eff}\n\\approx 0.14$, together with the vertex growth rate $\\alpha \\approx 0.029$. A\nstochastic model which incorporate these values and an adaptation rule newly\nintroduced reproduces several features of the real Internet topology such as\nthe correlations between the degrees of different vertices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Subcritical series expansions for multiple-creation nonequilibrium\n  models: Perturbative subcritical series expansions for the steady properties of a\nclass of one-dimensional nonequilibrium models characterized by\nmultiple-reaction rules are presented here. We developed long series expansions\nfor three nonequilibrium models: the pair-creation contact process, the\nA-pair-creation contact process, which is closely related system to the\nprevious model, and the triplet-creation contact process. The long series\nallowed us to obtain accurate estimates for the critical point and critical\nexponents. Numerical simulations are also performed and compared with the\nseries expansions results.",
        "positive": "Enhance synchronizability by structural perturbations: In this paper, we investigate the collective synchronization of system of\ncoupled oscillators on Barab\\'{a}si-Albert scale-free network. We propose an\napproach of structural perturbations aiming at those nodes with maximal\nbetweenness. This method can markedly enhance the network synchronizability,\nand is easy to be realized. The simulation results show that the eigenratio\nwill sharply decrease to its half when only 0.6% of those hub nodes are under\n3-division processes when network size N=2000. In addition, the present study\nalso provides a theoretical evidence that the maximal betweenness plays a main\nrole in network synchronization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reaction-controlled diffusion: The dynamics of a coupled two-component nonequilibrium system is examined by\nmeans of continuum field theory representing the corresponding master equation.\nParticles of species A may perform hopping processes only when particles of\ndifferent type B are present in their environment. Species B is subject to\ndiffusion-limited reactions. If the density of B particles attains a finite\nasymptotic value (active state), the A species displays normal diffusion. On\nthe other hand, if the B density decays algebraically ~t^{-a} at long times\n(inactive state), the effective attractive A-B interaction is weakened. The\ncombination of B decay and activated A hopping processes gives rise to\nanomalous diffusion, with mean-square displacement < x_A(t)^2 > ~ t^{1-a} for a\n< 1. Such algebraic subdiffusive behavior ensues for n-th order B annihilation\nreactions (n B -> 0) with n >=3, and n = 2 for d < 2. The mean-square\ndisplacement of the A particles grows only logarithmically with time in the\ncase of B pair annihilation (n = 2) and d >= 2 dimensions. For radioactive B\ndecay (n = 1), the A particles remain localized. If the A particles may hop\nspontaneously as well, or if additional random forces are present, the A-B\ncoupling becomes irrelevant, and conventional diffusion is recovered in the\nlong-time limit.",
        "positive": "Persistence of unvisited sites in presence of a quantum random walker: A study of persistence dynamics is made for the first time in a quantum\nsystem by considering the dynamics of a quantum random walk. For a discrete\nwalk on a line starting at $x=0$ at time $t=0$, the persistence probability\n$P(x,t)$ that a site at $x$ has not been visited till time $t$ has been\ncalculated. $P(x,t)$ behaves as $(t/|x|-1)^{-\\alpha}$ with $\\alpha \\sim 0.3$\nwhile the global fraction ${\\cal{P}}(t) = \\sum_xP(x,t)/2t$ of sites remaining\nunvisited at time $t$ attains a constant value. $F(x,t)$, the probability that\nthe site at $x$ is visited for the first time at $t$ behaves as\n$(t/|x|-1)^{-\\beta}/|x|$ where $\\beta = 1+ \\alpha$ for $t/|x|>> 1$,and\n${\\cal{F}}(t) =\\sum_xF(x,t)/2t \\sim 1/t$. A few other properties related to the\npersistence and first passage times are studied and some fundamental\ndifferences between the classical and the quantum cases are observed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "When random walkers help solving intriguing integrals: We revisit a family of integrals that delude intuition, and that recently\nappeared in mathematical literature in connection with computer algebra package\nverification. We show that the remarkable properties displayed by these\nintegrals become transparent when formulated in the language of random walks.\nIn turn, the random walk view naturally leads to a plethora of nontrivial\ngeneralizations, that are worked out. Related complex identities are also\nderived, without the need of explicit calculation. The crux of our treatment\nlies in a causality argument where a message that travels at finite speed\nsignals the existence of a boundary.",
        "positive": "Noisy Covariance Matrices and Portfolio Optimization: According to recent findings [1,2], empirical covariance matrices deduced\nfrom financial return series contain such a high amount of noise that, apart\nfrom a few large eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors, their\nstructure can essentially be regarded as random. In [1], e.g., it is reported\nthat about 94% of the spectrum of these matrices can be fitted by that of a\nrandom matrix drawn from an appropriately chosen ensemble. In view of the\nfundamental role of covariance matrices in the theory of portfolio optimization\nas well as in industry-wide risk management practices, we analyze the possible\nimplications of this effect. Simulation experiments with matrices having a\nstructure such as described in [1,2] lead us to the conclusion that in the\ncontext of the classical portfolio problem (minimizing the portfolio variance\nunder linear constraints) noise has relatively little effect. To leading order\nthe solutions are determined by the stable, large eigenvalues, and the\ndisplacement of the solution (measured in variance) due to noise is rather\nsmall: depending on the size of the portfolio and on the length of the time\nseries, it is of the order of 5 to 15%. The picture is completely different,\nhowever, if we attempt to minimize the variance under non-linear constraints,\nlike those that arise e.g. in the problem of margin accounts or in\ninternational capital adequacy regulation. In these problems the presence of\nnoise leads to a serious instability and a high degree of degeneracy of the\nsolutions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The grasshopper problem: We introduce and physically motivate the following problem in geometric\ncombinatorics, originally inspired by analysing Bell inequalities. A\ngrasshopper lands at a random point on a planar lawn of area one. It then jumps\nonce, a fixed distance $d$, in a random direction. What shape should the lawn\nbe to maximise the chance that the grasshopper remains on the lawn after\njumping? We show that, perhaps surprisingly, a disc shaped lawn is not optimal\nfor any $d>0$. We investigate further by introducing a spin model whose ground\nstate corresponds to the solution of a discrete version of the grasshopper\nproblem. Simulated annealing and parallel tempering searches are consistent\nwith the hypothesis that for $ d < \\pi^{-1/2}$ the optimal lawn resembles a\ncogwheel with $n$ cogs, where the integer $n$ is close to $ \\pi ( \\arcsin (\n\\sqrt{\\pi} d /2 ) )^{-1}$. We find transitions to other shapes for $d \\gtrsim\n\\pi^{-1/2}$.",
        "positive": "Approaching the RSOS critical points through entanglement: one model for\n  many universalities: We analytically compute the Renyi entropies for the RSOS models, representing\na wide class of exactly solvable models with multicritical conformal points\ndescribed by unitary minimal models and $\\mathbb{Z}_n$ parafermions. The exact\nexpressions allow for an explicit comparison of the expansions around the\ncritical points with the predictions coming from field theory. In this way it\nis possible to point out the nature of the so-called \"unusual corrections\",\nclarifying the link with the operator content, the role of the symmetries and\nthe boundary conditions. By choosing different boundary conditions, we can\nsingle out the ground states as well as certain combinations of high energy\nstates. We find that the {\\it entanglement spectrum} is given by operators that\nare not present in the bulk Hamiltonian, although they belong to the same\nrepresentation of a Virasoro Algebra. In the parafermionic case we observe\nunexpected logarithmic corrections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum chaos: an introduction via chains of interacting spins-1/2: We introduce aspects of quantum chaos by analyzing the eigenvalues and the\neigenstates of quantum many-body systems. The properties of quantum systems\nwhose classical counterparts are chaotic differ from those whose classical\ncounterparts are not chaotic. The spectrum of the first exhibits repulsion of\nthe energy levels. This is one of the main signatures of quantum chaos. We show\nhow level repulsion develops in one-dimensional systems of interacting spins\n1/2 which are devoid of random elements and involve only two-body interactions.\nIn addition to the statistics of the eigenvalues, we analyze how the structure\nof the eigenstates may indicate chaos. The programs used to obtain the data are\navailable online.",
        "positive": "Role of Bose Statistics in Crystallization and Quantum Jamming: Indistinguishability of particles is a major factor destabilizing crystalline\norder in Bose systems. We describe this effect in terms of damped\nquasi-particle modes and in the dual language of Feynman paths, and illustrate\nit by first-principle simulations of dipolar bosons and bulk condensed\nhelium-four. The first major implication is that, contrary to conventional\nwisdom, zero-point motion alone cannot prevent helium-four crystallization at\nlow temperature, at saturated vapour pressure. Secondly, Bose statistics leads\nto quantum jamming at finite temperature, dramatically enhancing the\nmetastability of superfluid glasses. Only studies of indistinguishable\nparticles can reliably address these issues."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Diffusion of Inertial, Weakly Damped Particles: The anomalous (i.e. non-Gaussian) dynamics of particles subject to a\ndeterministic acceleration and a series of 'random kicks' is studied. Based on\nan extension of the concept of continuous time random walks to\nposition-velocity space, a new fractional equation of the Kramers-Fokker-Planck\ntype is derived. The associated collision operator necessarily involves a\nfractional substantial derivative, representing important nonlocal couplings in\ntime and space. For the force-free case, a closed solution is found and\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Unification of Optimal Transport: Thermodynamic\n  Uncertainty Relation, Minimum Dissipation, and Thermodynamic Speed Limits: Thermodynamics serves as a universal means for studying physical systems from\nan energy perspective. In recent years, with the establishment of the field of\nstochastic and quantum thermodynamics, the ideas of thermodynamics have been\ngeneralized to small fluctuating systems. Independently developed in\nmathematics and statistics, the optimal transport theory concerns the means by\nwhich one can optimally transport a source distribution to a target\ndistribution, deriving a useful metric between probability distributions,\ncalled the Wasserstein distance. Despite their seemingly unrelated nature, an\nintimate connection between these fields has been unveiled in the context of\ncontinuous-state Langevin dynamics, providing several important implications\nfor nonequilibrium systems. In this study, we elucidate an analogous connection\nfor discrete cases by developing a thermodynamic framework for discrete optimal\ntransport. We first introduce a novel quantity called dynamical state mobility,\nwhich significantly improves the thermodynamic uncertainty relation and\nprovides insights into the precision of currents in nonequilibrium Markov jump\nprocesses. We then derive variational formulas that connect the discrete\nWasserstein distances to stochastic and quantum thermodynamics of discrete\nMarkovian dynamics described by master equations. Specifically, we rigorously\nprove that the Wasserstein distance equals the minimum product of irreversible\nentropy production and dynamical state mobility over all admissible Markovian\ndynamics. These formulas not only unify the relationship between thermodynamics\nand the optimal transport theory for discrete and continuous cases but also\ngeneralize it to the quantum case. In addition, we demonstrate that the\nobtained variational formulas lead to remarkable applications in stochastic and\nquantum thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complex-q zeros of the partition function of the Potts model with\n  long-range interactions: The zeros of the partition function of the ferromagnetic q-state Potts model\nwith long-range interactions in the complex-q plane are studied in the\nmean-field case, while preliminary numerical results are reported for the\nfinite 1d chains with power-law decaying interactions. In both cases, at any\nfixed temperature, the zeros lie on the arc-shaped contours, which cross the\npositive real axis at the value for which the given temperature is transition\ntemperature. For finite number of particles the positive real axis is free of\nzeros, which approach to it in the thermodynamic limit. The convergence\nexponent of the zero closest to the positive real-q axis is found to have the\nsame value as the temperature critical exponent 1/\\nu.",
        "positive": "Implementation of the histogram method for equilibrium statistical\n  models using moments of a distribution: This paper shows a simple implementation of the Histogram Method for\nextrapolations in Monte Carlo simulations, using the moments of the operators\nthat define the energy, instead of their histogram. This implementation is\nsuitable for extrapolation over several operators, a type of calculation that\nis hindered by computer memory limitations. Examples of this approach are given\nfor the 2-D Ising model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ultrafast Enhancement of Ferromagnetism via Photoexcited Holes in GaMnAs: We report on the observation of ultrafast photo-enhanced ferromagnetism in\nGaMnAs. It is manifested as a transient magnetization increase on a 100-ps time\nscale, after an initial sub-ps demagnetization. The dynamic magnetization\nenhancement exhibits a maximum below the Curie temperature Tc and dominates the\ndemagnetization component when approaching Tc. We attribute the observed\nultrafast collective ordering to the p-d exchange interaction between\nphotoexcited holes and Mn spins, leading to a correlation-induced peak around\n20K and a transient increase in Tc.",
        "positive": "Entanglement in non-unitary quantum critical spin chains: Entanglement entropy has proven invaluable to our understanding of quantum\ncriticality. It is natural to try to extend the concept to non-unitary quantum\nmechanics, which has seen growing interest from areas as diverse as open\nquantum systems, non-interacting electronic disordered systems, or non-unitary\nconformal field theory (CFT). We propose and investigate such an extension\nhere, by focussing on the case of one-dimensional quantum group symmetric or\nsupergroup symmetric spin chains. We show that the consideration of left and\nright eigenstates combined with appropriate definitions of the trace leads to a\nnatural definition of R\\'enyi entropies in a large variety of models. We\ninterpret this definition geometrically in terms of related loop models and\ncalculate the corresponding scaling in the conformal case. This allows us to\ndistinguish the role of the central charge and effective central charge in\nrational minimal models of CFT, and to define an effective central charge in\nother, less well understood cases. The example of the $sl(2|1)$ alternating\nspin chain for percolation is discussed in detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Monte Carlo analysis of the phase transitions in the 2D, $J_1-J_2$ XY\n  model: We consider the 2D $J_1-J_2$ classical XY model on a square lattice. In the\nfrustrated phase corresponding to $J_2>J_1/2$, an Ising like order parameter\nemerges by an ``order due to disorder'' effect. This leads to a discrete $Z_2$\nsymmetry plus the U(1) global one. Using a powerful algorithm we show that the\nsystem undergoes two transitions at different but still very close\ntemperatures, one of Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) type and another one which does\nnot belong to the expected Ising universality class. A new analysis of the KT\ntransition has been developed in order to avoid the use of the non-universal\nhelicity jump and to allow the computation of the exponents without a precise\ndetermination of the critical temperature. Moreover, our huge number of data\nenables us to exhibit the existence of large finite size effects explaining the\ndispersed results found in the literature concerning the more studied\nfrustrated 2D, XY models.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics is more powerful than the role to it reserved by\n  Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics: We brief{}ly review the connection between statistical mechanics and\nthermodynamics. We show that, in order to satisfy thermodynamics and its\nLegendre transformation mathematical frame, the celebrated Boltzmann-Gibbs~(BG)\nstatistical mechanics is suff{}icient but not necessary. Indeed, the\n$N\\to\\infty$ limit of statistical mechanics is expected to be consistent with\nthermodynamics. For systems whose elements are generically independent or\nquasi-independent in the sense of the theory of probabilities, it is well known\nthat the BG theory (based on the additive BG entropy) does satisfy this\nexpectation. However, in complete analogy, other thermostatistical theories\n(\\emph{e.g.}, $q$-statistics), based on nonadditive entropic functionals, also\nsatisfy the very same expectation. We illustrate this standpoint with systems\nwhose elements are strongly correlated in a specific manner, such that they\nescape the BG realm."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Mechanics of Dynamical System Identification: Recovering dynamical equations from observed noisy data is the central\nchallenge of system identification. We develop a statistical mechanical\napproach to analyze sparse equation discovery algorithms, which typically\nbalance data fit and parsimony through a trial-and-error selection of\nhyperparameters. In this framework, statistical mechanics offers tools to\nanalyze the interplay between complexity and fitness, in analogy to that done\nbetween entropy and energy. To establish this analogy, we define the\noptimization procedure as a two-level Bayesian inference problem that separates\nvariable selection from coefficient values and enables the computation of the\nposterior parameter distribution in closed form. A key advantage of employing\nstatistical mechanical concepts, such as free energy and the partition\nfunction, is in the quantification of uncertainty, especially in in the\nlow-data limit; frequently encountered in real-world applications. As the data\nvolume increases, our approach mirrors the thermodynamic limit, leading to\ndistinct sparsity- and noise-induced phase transitions that delineate correct\nfrom incorrect identification. This perspective of sparse equation discovery,\nis versatile and can be adapted to various other equation discovery algorithms.",
        "positive": "L\u00e9vy-walk-like Langevin dynamics: Continuous time random walks and Langevin equations are two classes of\nstochastic models for describing the dynamics of particles in the natural\nworld. While some of the processes can be conveniently characterized by both of\nthem, more often one model has significant advantages (or has to be used)\ncompared with the other one. In this paper, we consider the weakly damped\nLangevin system coupled with a new subordinator|$\\alpha$-dependent subordinator\nwith $1<\\alpha<2$. We pay attention to the diffusion behaviour of the\nstochastic process described by this coupled Langevin system, and find the\nsuper-ballistic diffusion phenomena for the system with an unconfined potential\non velocity but sub-ballistic superdiffusion phenomenon with a confined\npotential, which is like L\\'{e}vy walk for long times. One can further note\nthat the two-point distribution of inverse subordinator affects mean square\ndisplacement of this coupled weakly damped Langevin system in essential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-exponential relaxation in disordered complex systems: We have analytically obtained the non-exponential relaxation function for\ndisordered complex systems applying the multi-level jumping formalism to the\nfluctuation quantity which makes diffusive motion stochastically in the\ndisordered complex space. It is shown that the relaxation function of\ndisordered complex systems decays obey to stretched exponential law.",
        "positive": "A classical statistical model for distributions of escape events in\n  swept-bias Josephson junctions: We have developed a model for experiments in which the bias current applied\nto a Josephson junction is slowly increased from zero until the junction\nswitches from its superconducting zero-voltage state, and the bias value at\nwhich this occurs is recorded. Repetition of such measurements yields\nexperimentally determined probability distributions for the bias current at the\nmoment of escape. Our model provides an explanation for available data on the\ntemperature dependence of these escape peaks. When applied microwaves are\nincluded we observe an additional peak in the escape distributions and\ndemonstrate that this peak matches experimental observations. The results\nsuggest that experimentally observed switching distributions, with and without\napplied microwaves, can be understood within classical mechanics and may not\nexhibit phenomena that demand an exclusively quantum mechanical interpretation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Index Distribution of Random Matrices with an Application to Disordered\n  Systems: We compute the distribution of the number of negative eigenvalues (the index)\nfor an ensemble of Gaussian random matrices, by means of the replica method.\nThis calculation has important applications in the context of statistical\nmechanics of disordered systems, where the second derivative of the potential\nenergy (the Hessian) is a random matrix whose negative eigenvalues measure the\ndegree of instability of the energy surface. An analysis of the probability\ndistribution of the Hessian index is therefore relevant for a geometric\ncharacterization of the energy landscape in disordered systems. The approach we\nuse here is particularly suitable for this purpose, since it addresses the\nproblem without any a priori assumption on the random matrix ensemble and can\nbe naturally extended to more realistic, non-Gaussian distributions.",
        "positive": "Non-locality and short-range wetting phenomena: We propose a non-local interfacial model for 3D short-range wetting at planar\nand non-planar walls. The model is characterized by a binding potential\n\\emph{functional} depending only on the bulk Ornstein-Zernike correlation\nfunction, which arises from different classes of tube-like fluctuations that\nconnect the interface and the substrate. The theory provides a physical\nexplanation for the origin of the effective position-dependent stiffness and\nbinding potential in approximate local theories, and also obeys the necessary\nclassical wedge covariance relationship between wetting and wedge filling.\nRenormalization group and computer simulation studies reveal the strong\nnon-perturbative influence of non-locality at critical wetting, throwing light\non long-standing theoretical problems regarding the order of the phase\ntransition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical points in coupled Potts models and correlated percolation: We use scale invariant scattering theory to exactly determine the\nrenormalization group fixed points of a $q$-state Potts model coupled to an\n$r$-state Potts model in two dimensions. For integer values of $q$ and $r$ the\nfixed point equations are very constraining and show in particular that scale\ninvariance in coupled Potts ferromagnets is limited to the Ashkin-Teller case\n($q=r=2$). Since our results extend to continuous values of the number of\nstates, we can access the limit $r\\to 1$ corresponding to correlated\npercolation, and show that the critical properties of Potts spin clusters\ncannot in general be obtained from those of Fortuin-Kasteleyn clusters by\nanalytical continuation.",
        "positive": "Supersymmetry on Jacobstahl lattices: It is shown that the construction of Yang and Fendley (2004 {\\it J. Phys. A:\nMath.Gen. {\\bf 37}} 8937) to obtainsupersymmetric systems, leads not to the\nopen XXZ chain with anisotropy $\\Delta =-{1/2}$ but to systems having\ndimensions given by Jacobstahl sequences.For each system the ground state is\nunique. The continuum limit of the spectra of the Jacobstahl systems coincide,\nup to degeneracies, with that of the $U_q(sl(2))$ invariant XXZ chain for\n$q=\\exp(i\\pi/3)$. The relation between the Jacobstahl systems and the open XXZ\nchain is explained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Graphical Representations and Worm Algorithms for the O($N$) Spin Model: We present a family of graphical representations for the O($N$) spin model,\nwhere $N \\ge 1$ represents the spin dimension, and $N=1,2,3$ corresponds to the\nIsing, XY and Heisenberg models, respectively. With an integer parameter $0 \\le\n\\ell \\le N/2$, each configuration is the coupling of $\\ell$ copies of subgraphs\nconsisting of directed flows and $N -2\\ell$ copies of subgraphs constructed by\nundirected loops, which we call the XY and Ising subgraphs, respectively. On\neach lattice site, the XY subgraphs satisfy the Kirchhoff flow-conservation law\nand the Ising subgraphs obey the Eulerian bond condition. Then, we formulate\nworm-type algorithms and simulate the O($N$) model on the simple-cubic lattice\nfor $N$ from 2 to 6 at all possible $\\ell$. It is observed that the worm\nalgorithm has much higher efficiency than the Metropolis method, and, for a\ngiven $N$, the efficiency is an increasing function of $\\ell$. Beside Monte\nCarlo simulations, we expect that these graphical representations would provide\na convenient basis for the study of the O($N$) spin model by other\nstate-of-the-art methods like the tensor network renormalization.",
        "positive": "An Extensive Study of Bose-Einstein Condensation in Liquid Helium using\n  Tsallis Statistics: Realistic scenario can be represented by general canonical ensemble way\nbetter than the ideal one, with proper parameter sets involved. We study the\nBose-Einstein condensation phenomena of liquid helium within the framework of\nTsallis statistics. With a comparatively high value of the deformation\nparameter $q(\\sim 1.4)$, the theoretically calculated value of the critical\ntemperature($T_c$) of the phase transition of liquid helium is found to agree\nwith the experimentally determined value ($T_c = 2.17~\\rm{K}$), although they\ndiffers from each other for $q=1$ (undeformed scenario). This throws a light on\nthe understanding of the phenomenon and connects temperature\nfluctuation(non-equilibrium conditions) with the interactions between atoms\nqualitatively. More interactions between atoms give rise to more\nnon-equilibrium conditions which is as expected.\n  \\noindent {{\\bf Keywords}: Tsallis statistics, Bose-Einstein condensation,\nliquid helium.}"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic model of a solid with RKKY interaction and magnetoelastic\n  coupling: Thermodynamic description of a model system with magnetoelastic coupling is\npresented. The elastic, vibrational, electronic and magnetic energy\ncontributions are taken into account. The long-range RKKY interaction is\nconsidered together with the nearest-neighbour direct exchange. The generalized\nGibbs potential and the set of equations of state are derived, from which all\nthermodynamic functions are self-consistently obtained. Thermodynamic\nproperties are calculated numerically for FCC structure for arbitrary external\npressure, magnetic field and temperature, and widely discussed. In particular,\nfor some parameters of interaction potential and electron concentration\ncorresponding to antiferromagnetic phase, the existence of negative thermal\nexpansion coefficient is predicted.",
        "positive": "Time-energy uncertainty as cause of thermal flicker noise: It is shown that if kinetics of quantum transitions takes account of energy\nuncertainty of intermediate states, then it creates non-decaying correlations\nand non-averagable (flicker) fluctuations in the energy as well as in rates of\ntransitions-induced irreversible processes, in particular, flicker noise or\nmaybe suppression of mobility (rate of wandering) of particle interacting with\nthermally equilibrium medium"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Arrival Times in a Zero-Range Process with Injection and Decay: Explicit expressions for arrival times of particles moving in a\none-dimensional Zero-Range Process (ZRP) are computed. Particles are fed into\nthe ZRP from an injection site and can also evaporate from anywhere in the\ninterior of the ZRP. Two dynamics are considered; bulk dynamics, where particle\nhopping and decay is proportional to the numqber of particles at each site, and\nsurface dynamics, where only the top particle at each site can hop or\nevaporate. We find exact solutions in the bulk dynamics case and for a\nsingle-site ZRP obeying surface dynamics. For a multisite ZRP obeying surface\ndynamics, we compare simulations with approximations obtained from the\nsteady-state limit, where mean interarrival times for both models are\nequivalent. Our results highlight the competition between injection and\nevaporation on the arrival times of particles to an absorbing site.",
        "positive": "Guide to Exact Diagonalization Study of Quantum Thermalization: Exact diagonalization is a powerful numerical method to study isolated\nquantum many-body systems. This paper provides a review of numerical algorithms\nto diagonalize the Hamiltonian matrix. Symmetry and the conservation law help\nus perform the numerical study efficiently. We explain the method to\nblock-diagonalize the Hamiltonian matrix by using particle number conservation,\ntranslational symmetry, particle-hole symmetry, and spatial reflection symmetry\nin the context of the spin-1/2 XXZ model or the hard-core boson model in a\none-dimensional lattice. We also explain the method to study the unitary time\nevolution governed by the Schr\\\"odinger equation and to calculate thermodynamic\nquantities such as the entanglement entropy. As an application, we demonstrate\nnumerical results that support that the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis\nholds in the XXZ model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Schr\u00f6dinger cat state of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a double-well\n  potential: We consider a weakly interacting coherently coupled Bose-Einstein condensate\nin a double-well potential. We show by means of stochastic simulations that the\nsystem could possibly be driven to an entangled macroscopic superposition state\nor a Schr\\\"odinger cat state by means of a continuous quantum measurement\nprocess.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium dynamics of the piston in the Szilard engine: We consider a Szilard engine in one dimension, consisting of a single\nparticle of mass $m$, moving between a piston of mass $M$, and a heat reservoir\nat temperature $T$. In addition to an external force, the piston experiences\nrepeated elastic collisions with the particle. We find that the motion of a\nheavy piston ($M \\gg m$), can be described effectively by a Langevin equation.\nVarious numerical evidences suggest that the frictional coefficient in the\nLangevin equation is given by $\\gamma = (1/X)\\sqrt{8 \\pi m k_BT}$, where $X$ is\nthe position of the piston measured from the thermal wall. Starting from the\nexact master equation for the full system and using a perturbation expansion in\n$\\epsilon= \\sqrt{m/M}$, we integrate out the degrees of freedom of the particle\nto obtain the effective Fokker-Planck equation for the piston albeit with a\ndifferent frictional coefficient. Our microscopic study shows that the piston\nis never in equilibrium during the expansion step, contrary to the assumption\nmade in the usual Szilard engine analysis --- nevertheless the conclusions of\nSzilard remain valid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probability Distribution of the Shortest Path on the Percolation\n  Cluster, its Backbone and Skeleton: We consider the mean distribution functions Phi(r|l), Phi(B)(r|l), and\nPhi(S)(r|l), giving the probability that two sites on the incipient percolation\ncluster, on its backbone and on its skeleton, respectively, connected by a\nshortest path of length l are separated by an Euclidean distance r. Following a\nscaling argument due to de Gennes for self-avoiding walks, we derive analytical\nexpressions for the exponents g1=df+dmin-d and g1B=g1S-3dmin-d, which determine\nthe scaling behavior of the distribution functions in the limit x=r/l^(nu) much\nless than 1, i.e., Phi(r|l) proportional to l^(-(nu)d)x^(g1), Phi(B)(r|l)\nproportional to l^(-(nu)d)x^(g1B), and Phi(S)(r|l) proportional to\nl^(-(nu)d)x^(g1S), with nu=1/dmin, where df and dmin are the fractal dimensions\nof the percolation cluster and the shortest path, respectively. The theoretical\npredictions for g1, g1B, and g1S are in very good agreement with our numerical\nresults.",
        "positive": "Transport reversal in a delayed feedback ratchet: Feedback flashing ratchets are thermal rectifiers that use information on the\nstate of the system to operate the switching on and off of a periodic\npotential. They can induce directed transport even with symmetric potentials\nthanks to the asymmetry of the feedback protocol. We investigate here the\ndynamics of a feedback flashing ratchet when the asymmetry of the ratchet\npotential and of the feedback protocol favor transport in opposite directions.\nThe introduction of a time delay in the control strategy allows one to\nnontrivially tune the relative relevance of the competing asymmetries leading\nto an interesting dynamics. We show that the competition between the\nasymmetries leads to a current reversal for large delays. For small ensembles\nof particles current reversal appears as the consequence of the emergence of an\nopen-loop like dynamical regime, while for large ensembles of particles it can\nbe understood as a consequence of the stabilization of quasiperiodic solutions.\nWe also comment on the experimental feasibility of these feedback ratchets and\ntheir potential applications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Quantum Jarzynski Identity: In this note, we will discuss how to compactly express and prove the\nJarzynski identity for an open quantum system with dissipative dynamics. We\nwill avoid explicitly measuring the work directly, which is tantamount to\ncontinuously monitoring the system, and instead measure the heat flow from the\nenvironment. We represent the measurement of heat flow with Hermitian map\nsuperoperators that act on the system density matrix. Hermitian maps provide a\nconvenient and compact representation of sequential measurement and correlation\nfunctions.",
        "positive": "Velocity statistics in excited granular media: We present an experimental study of velocity statistics for a partial layer\nof inelastic colliding beads driven by a vertically oscillating boundary. Over\na wide range of parameters (accelerations 3-8 times the gravitational\nacceleration), the probability distribution P(v) deviates measurably from a\nGaussian for the two horizontal velocity components. It can be described by\nP(v) ~ exp(-|v/v_c|^1.5), in agreement with a recent theory. The characteristic\nvelocity v_c is proportional to the peak velocity of the boundary. The granular\ntemperature, defined as the mean square particle velocity, varies with particle\ndensity and exhibits a maximum at intermediate densities. On the other hand,\nfor free cooling in the absence of excitation, we find an exponential velocity\ndistribution. Finally, we examine the sharing of energy between particles of\ndifferent mass. The more massive particles are found to have greater kinetic\nenergy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous scalings of fluctuations of the area swept by a Brownian\n  particle trapped in a $|x|$ potential: We study the fluctuations of the area $A=\\int_0^T x(t) dt$ under a\none-dimensional Brownian motion $x(t)$ in a trapping potential $\\sim |x|$, at\nlong times $T\\to\\infty$. We find that typical fluctuations of $A$ follow a\nGaussian distribution with a variance that grows linearly in time (at large\n$T$), as do all higher cumulants of the distribution. However, large deviations\nof $A$ are not described by the ``usual'' scaling (i.e., the large deviations\nprinciple), and are instead described by two different anomalous scaling\nbehaviors: Moderatly-large deviations of $A$, obey the anomalous scaling\n$P\\left(A;T\\right)\\sim e^{-T^{1/3}f\\left(A/T^{2/3}\\right)}$ while very large\ndeviations behave as $P\\left(A;T\\right)\\sim e^{-T\\Psi\\left(A/T^{2}\\right)}$. We\nfind the associated rate functions $f$ and $\\Psi$ exactly. Each of the two\nfunctions contains a singularity, which we interpret as dynamical phase\ntransitions of the first and third order, respectively. We uncover the origin\nof these striking behaviors by characterizing the most likely scenario(s) for\nthe system to reach a given atypical value of $A$. We extend our analysis by\nstudying the absolute area $B=\\int_0^T|x(t)| dt$ and also by generalizing to\nhigher spatial dimension, focusing on the particular case of three dimensions.",
        "positive": "R\u00e9nyi entropies of generic thermodynamic macrostates in integrable\n  systems: We study the behaviour of R\\'enyi entropies in a generic thermodynamic\nmacrostate of an integrable model. In the standard quench action approach to\nquench dynamics, the R\\'enyi entropies may be derived from the overlaps of the\ninitial state with Bethe eigenstates. These overlaps fix the driving term in\nthe thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) formalism. We show that this driving term\ncan be also reconstructed starting from the macrostate's particle densities. We\nthen compute explicitly the stationary R\\'enyi entropies after the quench from\nthe dimer and the tilted N\\'eel state in XXZ spin chains. For the former state\nwe employ the overlap TBA approach, while for the latter we reconstruct the\ndriving terms from the macrostate. We discuss in full details the limits that\ncan be analytically handled and we use numerical simulations to check our\nresults against the large time limit of the entanglement entropies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetization process and magnetocaloric effect in geometrically\n  frustrated Ising antiferromagnet and spin ice models on a `Star of David'\n  nanocluster: Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of geometrically frustrated\nantiferromagnetic Ising (IA) and ferromagnetic spin ice (SI) models on a\nnanocluster with a `Star of David' topology, including next-nearest-neighbor\n(NNN) interactions, are studied by an exact enumeration. In an external field\napplied in characteristic directions of the respective models, depending on the\nNNN interaction sign and magnitude, the ground state magnetization of the IA\nmodel is found to display up to three intermediate plateaus at fractional\nvalues of the saturation magnetization, while the SI model shows only one\nzero-magnetization plateau and only for the antiferromagnetic NNN coupling. A\ngiant magnetocaloric effect is revealed in the the IA model with the NNN\ninteraction either absent or equal to the nearest-neighbor coupling. The latter\nis characterized by abrupt isothermal entropy changes at low temperatures and\ninfinitely fast adiabatic temperature variations for specific entropy values in\nthe processes when the magnetic field either vanishes or tends to the critical\nvalues related to the magnetization jumps.",
        "positive": "Canonical active Brownian motion: Active Brownian motion is the complex motion of active Brownian particles.\nThey are active in the sense that they can transform their internal energy into\nenergy of motion and thus create complex motion patterns. Theories of active\nBrownian motion so far imposed couplings between the internal energy and the\nkinetic energy of the system. We investigate how this idea can be naturally\ntaken further to include also couplings to the potential energy, which finally\nleads to a general theory of canonical dissipative systems. Explicit analytical\nand numerical studies are done for the motion of one particle in harmonic\nexternal potentials. Apart from stationary solutions, we study non-equilibrium\ndynamics and show the existence of various bifurcation phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise induced stabilization in population dynamics: We investigate a model where strong noise in a sub-population creates a\nmetastable state in an otherwise unstable two-population system. The induced\nmetastable state is vortex-like, and its persistence time grows exponentially\nwith the noise strength. A variety of distinct scaling relations are observed\ndepending on the relative strength of the sub-population noises.",
        "positive": "Dynamic behavior of the interface of strip-like structures in driven\n  diffusive systems: The dynamic behavior of the interfaces in the standard and random driven\nlattice gas models (DLG and RDLG respectively) is investigated via numerical\nMonte Carlo simulations in two dimensions. For $T\\lesssim T_c$, the average\ninterface width of the strips ($W$) was measured as a function of the lattice\nsize and the anisotropic shape factor. It was found that the saturation value\n$W^{2}_{sat}$ only depends on the lattice size parallel to the external field\naxis $L_y$ and exhibits two distinct regimes: $W^{2}_{sat}\\propto \\ln$ $L_y$\nfor low temperatures, that crosses over to $W^{2}_{sat}\\propto L_y^{2\\alpha_I}$\nnear the critical zone, $\\alpha_I=1/2$ being the roughness exponent of the\ninterface. By using the relationship $\\alpha_I=1/(1+\\Delta_I)$, the anisotropic\nexponent for the interface of the DLG model was estimated, giving\n$\\Delta_I\\simeq 1$, in agreement with the computed value for anisotropic bulk\nexponent $\\Delta_B$ with a recently proposed theoretical approach. At the\ncrossover region between both regimes, we observed indications of bulk\ncriticality. The time evolution of $W$ at $T_c$ was also monitored and shows\ntwo growing stages: first one observes that $W \\propto \\ln$ $t$ for several\ndecades, and in the following times one has $W\\propto t^{\\beta_I}$, where\n$\\beta_{I}$ is the dynamic exponent of the interface width. By using this value\nwe estimated the dynamic critical exponent of the correlation length in the\nperpendicular direction to the external field, giving $z_{\\perp}^I\\approx 4$,\nwhich is consistent with the dynamic exponent of the bulk critical transition\n$z_{\\perp}^B$ in both theoretical approaches developed for the standard model.\nA similar scenario was also observed in the RDLG model, suggesting that both\nmodels may belong to the same universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Markovian closure kinetics of flexible polymers with hydrodynamic\n  interactions: This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the closure kinetics of a\npolymer with hydrodynamic interactions. This analysis, which takes into account\nthe non-Markovian dynamics of the end-to-end vector and relies on the\npreaveraging of the mobility tensor (Zimm dynamics), is shown to reproduce very\naccurately the results of numerical simulations of the complete non linear\ndynamics. It is found that Markovian treatments, based on a Wilemski-Fixman\napproximation, significantly overestimate cyclization times (up to a factor 2),\nshowing the importance of memory effects in the dynamics. In addition, this\nanalysis provides scaling laws of the mean first cyclization time (MFCT) with\nthe polymer size $N$ and capture radius $b$, which are identical in both\nMarkovian and non-Markovian approaches. In particular, it is found that the\nscaling of the MFCT for large $N$ is given by $T\\sim N^{3/2}\\ln (N/b^2)$, which\ndiffers from the case of the Rouse dynamics where $T\\sim N^{2}$. The extension\nto the case of the reaction kinetics of a monomer of a Zimm polymer with an\nexternal target in a confined volume is also presented.",
        "positive": "Path Dependent Option Pricing: the path integral partial averaging\n  method: In this paper I develop a new computational method for pricing path dependent\noptions. Using the path integral representation of the option price, I show\nthat in general it is possible to perform analytically a partial averaging over\nthe underlying risk-neutral diffusion process. This result greatly eases the\ncomputational burden placed on the subsequent numerical evaluation. For\nshort-medium term options it leads to a general approximation formula that only\nrequires the evaluation of a one dimensional integral. I illustrate the\napplication of the method to Asian options and occupation time derivatives."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On The Universal Scaling Relations In Food Webs: In the last three decades, researchers have tried to establish universal\npatterns about the structure of food webs. Recently was proposed that the\nexponent $\\eta$ characterizing the efficiency of the energy transportation of\nthe food web had a universal value ($\\eta=1.13$). Here we establish a lower\nbound and an upper one for this exponent in a general spanning tree with the\nnumber of trophic species and the trophic levels fixed. When the number of\nspecies is large the lower and upper bounds are equal to 1, implying that the\nresult $\\eta=1.13$ is due to finite size effects. We also evaluate analytically\nand numerically the exponent $\\eta$ for hierarchical and random networks. In\nall cases the exponent $\\eta$ depends on the number of trophic species $K$ and\nwhen $K$ is large we have that $\\eta\\to 1$. Moreover, this result holds for any\nnumber $M$ of trophic levels. This means that food webs are very efficient\nresource transportation systems.",
        "positive": "Slow dynamics and ergodicity in the one-dimensional self-gravitating\n  system: We revisit the dynamics of the one-dimensional self-gravitating sheets\nmodels. We show that homogeneous and non-homogeneous states have different\nergodic properties. The former is non-ergodic and the one-particle distribution\nfunction has a zero collision term if a proper limit is taken for the periodic\nboundary conditions. Non-homogeneous states are ergodic in a time window of the\norder of the relaxation time to equilibrium, as similarly observe in other\nsystems with a long range interaction. For the sheets model this relaxation\ntime is much larger than other systems with long range interactions if compared\nto the initial violent relaxation time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random and deterministic walks on lattices: Random walks of particles on a lattice are a classical paradigm for the\nmicroscopic mechanism underlying diffusive processes. In deterministic walks,\nthe role of space and time can be reversed, and the microscopic dynamics can\nproduce quite different types of behavior such as directed propagation and\norganization, which appears to be generic behaviors encountered in an important\nclass of systems. The various aspects of classical and not so classical walks\non latices are reviewed with emphasis on the physical phenomena that can be\ntreated through a lattice dynamics approach.",
        "positive": "Island coarsening in one-dimensional models with partially and\n  completely reversible aggregation: Using computer simulations and scaling ideas, we study one-dimensional models\nof diffusion, aggregation and detachment of particles from islands in the\npost-deposition regime, i. e. without flux. The diffusion of isolated particles\ntakes place with unit rate, aggregation occurs immediately upon contact with\nanother particle or island, and detachment from an island occurs with rate\nepsilon = exp(-E/kT), where E is the related energy barrier. In the partially\nreversible model, dissociation is limited to islands of size larger than a\ncritical value i, while in the completely reversible model there is no\nrestriction to that process (infinite i). Extending previous simulation results\nfor the completely reversible case, we observe that a peaked island size\ndistribution in the intermediate time regime, in which the mean island size is\nincreasing, crosses over to the theoretically predicted exponentially\ndecreasing distribution at long times. It contrasts with the partially\nreversible model, in which peaked distributions are obtained until the long\ntime frozen state, which is attained with a crossover time $\\tau \\sim\n\\frac{i^3}{\\epsilon}$. The mean island size at saturation varies as\n$S_{sat}\\approx 2i+C\\epsilon$ (C constant), while the completely reversible\ncase shows an Ahrrenius dependence of the mean island size, $S\\sim\n\\epsilon^{-1/2}$. Thus, for different coverages, the effect of the critical\nsize i on the geometric features is much stronger than that of epsilon, which\nmay be used to infer the relevance of size-dependent detachment rates in real\nsystems and other models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Application of Monte Carlo Method to Phase Separation Dynamics of\n  Complex Systems: We report the application of the Monte Carlo simulation to phase separation\ndynamics. First, we deal with the phase separation under shear flow. The\nthermal effect on the phase separation is discussed, and the anisotropic growth\nexponents in the late stage are estimated. Next, we study the effect of\nsurfactants on the three-component solvents. We obtain the mixture of\nmacrophase separation and microphase separation, and investigate the dynamics\nof both phase separations.",
        "positive": "1D Lieb-Liniger Bose Gas as Non-Relativistic Limit of the Sinh-Gordon\n  Model: The repulsive Lieb-Liniger model can be obtained as the non-relativistic\nlimit of the Sinh-Gordon model: all physical quantities of the latter model\n(S-matrix, Lagrangian and operators) can be put in correspondence with those of\nthe former. We use this mapping, together with the Thermodynamical Bethe Ansatz\nequations and the exact form factors of the Sinh-Gordon model, to set up a\ncompact and general formalism for computing the expectation values of the\nLieb-Liniger model both at zero and finite temperature. The computation of\none-point correlators is thoroughly detailed and, when possible, compared with\nknown results in the literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A stochastic approach to colloidal particle collision/agglomeration: Colloidal particles that experience perfectly elastic collisions can be\nmodelled using Langevin processes with specular reflection conditions. The\narticle presents a discretisation scheme and offers a conjecture for the rate\nof convergence of the bias produced. Numerically, these conjectures are\nconfirmed for the specular reflection scheme but also for the absorption\nscheme, which models perfect agglomeration.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Two Phase Transitions in the Fully frustrated XY Model\": The conclusions of a recent paper by Olsson (Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2758\n(1995), cond-mat/9506082) about the fully frustrated XY model in two dimensions\nare questioned. In particular, the evidence presented for having two separate\nchiral and U(1) phase transitions are critically considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Features of Drainage Basins in Mars Channel Networks: Erosion by flowing water is one of the major forces shaping the surface of\nEarth. Studies in the last decade have shown, in particular, that the drainage\nregion of rivers, where water is collected, exhibits scale invariant features\ncharacterized by exponents that are the same for rivers around the world. Here\nwe show that from the data obtained by the MOLA altimeter of the Mars Global\nSurveyor one can perform the same analysis for mountain sides on Mars. We then\nshow that in some regions fluid erosion might have played a role in the present\nmartian landscape.",
        "positive": "Granular discorectangle in a thermalized bath of hard disks: By using the Enskog-Boltzmann approach, we study the steady-state dynamics of\na granular discorectangle placed in a two-dimensional bath of thermalized hard\ndisks. Hard core collisions are assumed elastic between disks and inelastic\nbetween the discorectangle and the disks, with a normal restitution coefficient\n$\\alpha<1$. Assuming a Gaussian ansatz for the probability distribution\nfunctions, we obtain analytical expressions for the granular temperatures. We\nshow the absence of equipartition and investigate both the role of the\nanisotropy of the discorectangle and of the relative ratio of the bath\nparticles to the linear sizes of the discorectangle. In addition, we\ninvestigate a model of a discorectangle with two normal restitution\ncoefficients for collisions along the straight and curved surfaces of the\ndiscorectangle. In this case one observes equipartition for a non trivial ratio\nof normal restitution coefficients."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Linear perturbation renormalization group method for Ising-like spin\n  systems: The linear perturbation group transformation (LPRG) is used to study the\nthermodynamics of the axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising model with four spin\ninteractions (extended ANNNI) in a field. The LPRG for weakly interacting Ising\nchains is presented. The method is used to study finite field\npara-ferrimagnetic phase transitions observed in layered uranium compounds,\nUAs_{1-x}Se_x, UPd_2Si_2 or UNi_2Si_2. The above-mentioned systems are made of\nferromagnetic layers and the spins from the nearest-neighbor and\nnext-nearest-neighbor layers are coupled by the antiferromagnetic interactions\nJ_1<0 and J_2<0, respectively. Each of these systems exhibits a triple point in\nwhich two ordered phases (ferrimagnetic and incommensurate) meet the\nparamagnetic one, and all undergo the high field phase transition from para- to\nferrimagnetic (++-) phase. However, if in UAs_{1-x}Se_x the para-ferri phase\ntransition is of the first order as expected from the symmetry reason, in\nUT_2Si_2 (T=Pd,Ni) this transition seems to be a continuous one, at least in\nthe vicinity of the multicritical point. Within the MFA, the critical character\nof the finite field para-ferrimagnetic transition at least at one isolated\npoint can be described by the ANNNI model supplemented by an additional, e.g.,\nfour-spin interaction. However, in LPRG approximation for the ratio\n\\kappa=J_2/J_1 around 0.5 there is a critical value of the field for which an\nisolated critical point also exists in the original ANNNI model. The positive\nfour-spin interaction shifts the critical point towards higher fields and\nchanges the shape of the specific heat curve. In the latter case for the fields\nsmall enough, the specific heat exhibits two-peak structure in the paramagnetic\nphase.",
        "positive": "Optimal finite-time erasure of a classical bit: Information erasure inevitably leads to heat dissipation. Minimizing this\ndissipation will be crucial for developing small-scale information processing\nsystems, but little is known about the optimal procedures required. We have\nobtained closed-form expressions for maximally efficient erasure cycles for\ndeletion of a classical bit of information stored by the position of a particle\ndiffusing in a double-well potential. We find that the extra dissipation beyond\nthe Landauer bound is proportional to the square of the Hellinger distance\nbetween the initial and final states divided by the cycle duration, which\nquantifies how far out of equilibrium the system is driven. Finally, we\ndemonstrate close agreement between the exact optimal cycle and the protocol\nfound using a linear response framework."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The status of the quantum dissipation-fluctuation relation and Langevin\n  equation: I examine the arguments which have been given for quantum\nfluctuation-dissipation theorems. I distinguish between a weak form of the\ntheorem, which is true under rather general conditions, and a strong form which\nrequires a Langevin equation for its statement. I argue that the latter has not\nbeen reliably derived.",
        "positive": "General solution to the Kohn-Luttinger nonconvergence problem: A simple, but general solution is proposed for the Kohn-Luttinger problem,\ni.e., the nonconvergence of the finite-temperature many-body perturbation\ntheory with its zero-temperature counterpart as temperature is lowered to zero\nunder some circumstances. How this nonconvergence can be avoided by altering\nthe reference wave function is illustrated numerically by using up to the fifth\norder of the perturbation theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling and Persistence in the Two-Dimensional Ising Model: The spatial distribution of persistent spins at zero-temperature in the pure\ntwo-dimensional Ising model is investigated numerically. A persistence\ncorrelation length, $\\xi (t)\\sim t^Z$ is identified such that for length scales\n$r<<\\xi (t)$ the persistent spins form a fractal with dimension $d_f$; for\nlength scales $r>>\\xi (t)$ the distribution of persistent spins is homogeneous.\nThe zero-temperature persistence exponent, $\\theta$, is found to satisfy the\nscaling relation $\\theta = Z(2-d_f)$ with $\\theta =0.209\\pm 0.002, Z=1/2$ and\n$d_f\\sim 1.58$.",
        "positive": "A generalized $q$ growth model based on nonadditive entropy: We present a general growth model based on non-extensive statistical physics\nis presented. The obtained equation is expressed in terms of nonadditive $q$\nentropy. We show that the most common unidimensional growth laws such as power\nlaw, exponential, logistic, Richards, Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz can be\nobtained. This model belongs as a particular case reported in (Physica A 369,\n645 (2006)). The new evolution equation resembles the \"universality\" revealed\nby West for ontogenetic growth (Nature 413, 628 (2001)). We show that for early\ntimes the model follows a power law growth as $ N(t) \\approx t ^ D $, where the\nexponent $D \\equiv \\frac{1}{1-q}$ classifies different types of growth. Several\nexamples are given and discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glassy behavior induced by geometrical frustration in a hard-core\n  lattice gas model: We introduce a hard-core lattice-gas model on generalized Bethe lattices and\ninvestigate analytically and numerically its compaction behavior. If\ncompactified slowly, the system undergoes a first-order crystallization\ntransition. If compactified much faster, the system stays in a meta-stable\nliquid state and undergoes a glass transition under further compaction. We show\nthat this behavior is induced by geometrical frustration which appears due to\nthe existence of short loops in the generalized Bethe lattices. We also compare\nour results to numerical simulations of a three-dimensional analog of the\nmodel.",
        "positive": "Aging in coherent noise models and natural time: Event correlation between aftershocks in the coherent noise model is studied\nby making use of natural time, which has recently been introduced in complex\ntime-series analysis. It is found that the aging phenomenon and the associated\nscaling property discovered in the observed seismic data are well reproduced by\nthe model. It is also found that the scaling function is given by the\n$q$-exponential function appearing in nonextensive statistical mechanics,\nshowing power-law decay of event correlation in natural time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transition path theory for diffusive search with stochastic resetting: Many chemical reactions can be formulated in terms of particle diffusion in a\ncomplex energy landscape. Transition path theory (TPT) is a theoretical\nframework for describing the direct (reaction) pathways from reactant to\nproduct states within this energy landscape, and calculating the effective\nreaction rate. It is now the standard method for analyzing rare events between\nlong lived states. In this paper, we consider a completely different\napplication of TPT, namely, a dual-aspect diffusive search process in which a\nparticle alternates between collecting cargo from a source domain $A$ and then\ndelivering it to a target domain $B$. The rate of resource accumulation at the\ntarget, $k_{AB}$, is determined by the statistics of direct (reactive or\ntransport) paths from A to B. Rather than considering diffusion in a complex\nenergy landscape, we focus on pure diffusion with stochastic resetting.\nResetting introduces two non-trivial problems in the application of TPT. First,\nthe process is not time-reversal invariant, which is reflected by the fact that\nthere exists a unique non-equilibrium stationary state (NESS). Second,\ncalculating $k_{AB}$ involves determining the total probability flux of direct\ntransport paths across a dividing surface $S$ between $A$ and $B$. This\nrequires taking into account discontinuous jumps across $S$ due to resetting.\nWe derive a general expression for $k_{AB}$ and show that it is independent of\nthe choice of dividing surface. Finally, using the example of diffusion in a\nfinite interval, we show that there exists an optimal resetting rate at which\n$k_{AB}$ is maximized. We explore how this feature depends on model parameters.",
        "positive": "Volatilities analysis of first-passage time and first-return time on a\n  small-world scale-free network: In this paper, we study random walks on a small-world scale-free network,\nalso called as pseudofractal scale-free web (PSFW), and analyze the\nvolatilities of first passage time (FPT) and first return time (FRT) by using\nthe variance and the reduced moment as the measures. Note that the FRT and FPT\nare deeply affected by the starting or target site. We don't intend to\nenumerate all the possible cases and analyze them. We only study the\nvolatilities of FRT for a given hub (i.e., node with highest degree) and the\nvolatilities of the global FPT (GFPT) to a given hub, which is the average of\nthe FPTs for arriving at a given hub from any possible starting site selected\nrandomly according to the equilibrium distribution of the Markov chain.\nFirstly, we calculate exactly the probability generating function of the GFPT\nand FRT based on the self-similar structure of the PSFW. Then, we calculate the\nprobability distribution, the mean, the variance and reduced moment of the GFPT\nand FRT by using the generating functions as a tool. Results show that: the\nreduced moment of FRT grows with the increasing of the network order $N$ and\ntends to infinity while $N\\rightarrow\\infty$; but for the reduced moments of\nGFPT, it is almost a constant($\\approx1.1605$) for large $N$. Therefore, on the\nPSFW of large size, the FRT has huge fluctuations and the estimate provided by\nMFRT is unreliable, whereas the fluctuations of the GFPT is much smaller and\nthe estimate provided by its mean is more reliable. The method we propose can\nalso be used to analyze the volatilities of FPT and FRT on other networks with\nself-similar structure, such as $(u, v)$ flowers and recursive scale-free\ntrees."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonperturbative Effects on the Ferromagnetic Transition in Repulsive\n  Fermi Gases: It is generally believed that a dilute spin-1/2 Fermi gas with repulsive\ninteractions can undergo a ferromagnetic phase transition to a spin-polarized\nstate at a critical gas parameter $(k_{\\rm F}a)_c$. Previous theoretical\npredictions of the ferromagnetic phase transition have been based on the\nperturbation theory, which treats the gas parameter as a small number. On the\nother hand, Belitz, Kirkpatrick, and Vojta (BKV) have argued that the phase\ntransition in clean itinerant ferromagnets is generically of first order at low\ntemperatures, due to the correlation effects that lead to a nonanalytic term in\nthe free energy. The second-order perturbation theory predicts a first-order\nphase transition at $(k_{\\rm F}a)_c=1.054$, consistent with the BKV argument.\nHowever, since the critical gas parameter is expected to be of order O(1),\nperturbative predictions may be unreliable. In this paper we study the\nnonperturbative effects on the ferromagnetic phase transition by summing the\nparticle-particle ladder diagrams to all orders in the gas parameter. We\nconsider a universal repulsive Fermi gas where the effective range effects can\nbe neglected, which can be realized in a two-component Fermi gas of $^6$Li\natoms by using a nonadiabatic field switch to the upper branch of a Feshbach\nresonance with a positive s-wave scattering length. Our theory predicts a\nsecond-order phase transition, which indicates that ferromagnetic transition in\ndilute Fermi gases is possibly a counterexample to the BKV argument. The\npredicted critical gas parameter $(k_{\\rm F}a)_c=0.858$ is in good agreement\nwith the recent quantum Monte Carlo result $(k_{\\rm F}a)_c=0.86$ for a nearly\nzero-range potential [S. Pilati, \\emph{et al}., Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 105},\n030405 (2010)]. We also compare the spin susceptibility with the quantum Monte\nCarlo result and find good agreement.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Stefan-Boltzmann law: We study thermal radiation outside equilibrium. The situation considered\nconsists of two bodies emitting photons at two different temperatures. We show\nthat the system evolves to a stationary state characterized by an energy\ncurrent which satisfies a Stefan-Boltzmann-like law expressing it as the\ndifference of the temperatures to the fourth power of the emitters . The\nresults obtained show how the classical laws governing the thermal radiation at\nequlibrium can be generalized away from equilibrium situations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Novel ordering of the pyrochlore Heisenberg antiferromagnet with the\n  ferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor interaction: The ordering property of the classical pyrochlore Heisenberg antiferromagnet\nwith the ferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor interaction is investigated by\nmeans of a Monte Carlo simulation. The model is found to exhibit a first-order\ntransition at a finite temperature into a peculiar ordered state. While the\nspin structure factor, i.e., the thermal average of the squared Fourier\namplitude of the spin, exhibits a finite long-range order characterized by the\ncommensurate spin order of the period four, the thermal average of the spin\nitself almost vanishes. It means that, although the amplitude of the spin\nFourier component is long-range ordered, the associated phase degree of freedom\nremains to be fluctuating.",
        "positive": "Anomalous diffusion in Davydov quantum molecular chain model: We discuss anomalous relaxation processes in Davydov one-dimensional chain\nmolecule that consists of an exciton and an acoustic phonon field as a thermal\nreservoir in the chain. We derive a kinetic equation for the exciton using the\ncomplex spectral representation of the Liouville-von Neumann operator. Due to\nthe one-dimensionality, the momentum space separates into infinite sets of\ndisjoint irreducible subspaces dynamically independent of one another. Hence,\nmomentum relaxation occurs only within each subspace toward the Maxwell\ndistribution. We obtain a hydrodynamic mode with transport coefficients, a\nsound velocity and a diffusion coefficient, defined in each subspace. Moreover,\nbecause the sound velocity has momentum dependence, phase mixing affects the\nbroadening of the spatial distribution of the exciton in addition to the\ndiffusion process. Due to the phase mixing the increase rate of the mean-square\ndisplacement of the exciton increases linearly with time and diverges in the\nlong-time limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large fluctuations in stochastic population dynamics: momentum space\n  calculations: Momentum-space representation renders an interesting perspective to theory of\nlarge fluctuations in populations undergoing Markovian stochastic gain-loss\nprocesses. This representation is obtained when the master equation for the\nprobability distribution of the population size is transformed into an\nevolution equation for the probability generating function. Spectral\ndecomposition then brings about an eigenvalue problem for a non-Hermitian\nlinear differential operator. The ground-state eigenmode encodes the stationary\ndistribution of the population size. For long-lived metastable populations\nwhich exhibit extinction or escape to another metastable state, the\nquasi-stationary distribution and the mean time to extinction or escape are\nencoded by the eigenmode and eigenvalue of the lowest excited state. If the\naverage population size in the stationary or quasi-stationary state is large,\nthe corresponding eigenvalue problem can be solved via WKB approximation\namended by other asymptotic methods. We illustrate these ideas in several model\nexamples.",
        "positive": "Single-File Diffusion in an Interval: First Passage Properties: We investigate the long-time behavior of the survival probability of a tagged\nparticle in a single-file diffusion in a finite interval. The boundary\nconditions are of two types: 1) one boundary is absorbing the second is\nreflecting, 2) both boundaries are absorbing. For each type of the boundary\nconditions we consider two types of initial conditions: a) initial number of\nparticles N is given, b) initial concentration of particles is given (N is\nrandom). In all four cases the tagged-particle survival probability exhibits\ndifferent asymptotic behavior. When the both boundaries are absorbing we also\nconsider a case of a random interval length (single-file diffusion on a line\nwith randomly distributed traps). In the latter setting, the initial\nconcentration of particles has the same effect on the asymptotic decay of the\nsurvival probability as the concentration of traps."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Water in nanopores. II. Liquid-vapour phase transition near hydrophobic\n  surfaces: The liquid-vapour phase transition near a weakly attractive surface is\nstudied by simulations of the coexistence curves of water in hydrophobic pores.\nThere is a pronounced gradual density depletion of the liquid phase near the\nsurface without any trend to the formation of a vapour layer below the bulk\ncritical temperature Tc. The temperature dependence of the order parameter in\nthe surface layer follows the power law (rol - rov) ~ (1 - T/Tc)^beta1 with a\nvalue of the exponent beta1 close to the critical exponent beta1 = 0.82 of the\nordinary transition in the Ising model. The order parameter profiles in the\nsubcritical region are consistent with the behaviour of an ordinary transition\nand their temperature evolution is governed by the bulk correlation length.\nDensity profiles of water at supercritical temperatures are consistent with the\nbehaviour of the normal transition caused by the preferential adsorption of\nvoids. The relation between normal and ordinary transitions in the Ising model\nand in fluids is discussed.",
        "positive": "Generalized hydrodynamics: a perspective: Conventional hydrodynamics describes systems with few long-lived excitations.\nIn one dimension, however, many experimentally relevant systems feature a large\nnumber of long-lived excitations even at high temperature, because they are\nproximate to integrable limits. Such models cannot be treated using\nconventional hydrodynamics. The framework of generalized hydrodynamics (GHD)\nwas recently developed to treat the dynamics of one-dimensional models: it\ncombines ideas from integrability, hydrodynamics, and kinetic theory to come up\nwith a quantitative theory of transport. GHD has successfully settled several\nlongstanding questions about one-dimensional transport; it has also been\nleveraged to study dynamical questions beyond the transport of conserved\nquantities, and to systems that are not integrable. In this article we\nintroduce the main ideas and predictions of GHD, survey some of the most recent\ntheoretical extensions and experimental tests of the GHD framework, and discuss\nsome open questions in transport that the GHD perspective might elucidate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytic model of thermalization: Quantum emulation of classical\n  cellular automata: We introduce a novel method of quantum emulation of a classical reversible\ncellular automaton. By applying this method to a chaotic cellular automaton,\nthe obtained quantum many-body system thermalizes while all the energy\neigenstates and eigenvalues are solvable. These explicit solutions allow us to\nverify the validity of some scenarios of thermalization to this system. We find\nthat two leading scenarios, the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis scenario\nand the large effective dimension scenario, do not explain thermalization in\nthis model.",
        "positive": "Measures of globalization based on cross-correlations of world financial\n  indices: The cross-correlation matrix of daily returns of stock market indices in a\ndiverse set of 37 countries worldwide was analyzed. Comparison of the spectrum\nof this matrix with predictions of random matrix theory provides an empirical\nevidence of strong interactions between individual economies, as manifested by\nthree largest eigenvalues and the corresponding set of stable, non-random\neigenvectors. The observed correlation structure is robust with respect to\nchanges in the time horizon of returns ranging from 1 to 10 trading days, and\nto replacing individual returns with just their signs. This last observation\nconfirms that it is mostly correlations in signs and not absolute values of\nfluctuations, which are responsible for the observed effect. Correlations\nbetween different trading days seem to persist for up to 3 days before decaying\nto the level of the background noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Active Width at a Slanted Active Boundary in Directed Percolation: The width W of the active region around an active moving wall in a directed\npercolation process diverges at the percolation threshold p_c as W \\simeq A\n\\epsilon^{-\\nu_\\parallel} \\ln(\\epsilon_0/\\epsilon), with \\epsilon=p_c-p,\n\\epsilon_0 a constant, and \\nu_\\parallel=1.734 the critical exponent of the\ncharacteristic time needed to reach the stationary state \\xi_\\parallel \\sim\n\\epsilon^{-\\nu_\\parallel}. The logarithmic factor arises from screening of\nstatistically independent needle shaped sub clusters in the active region.\nNumerical data confirm this scaling behaviour.",
        "positive": "An improved effective field theory formulation of spin-1/2 Ising systems\n  with arbitrary coordination number z: An improved unified formulation based on the effective field theory is\nintroduced for a spin-1/2 Ising model with nearest neighbor interactions with\narbitrary coordination number z. Present formulation is capable of calculating\nall the multi-spin correlations systematically in a representative manner, as\nwell as its single site counterparts in the system and gives results for the\ncritical temperature of the system much better than those of the other works in\nthe literature. The formulation can be easily applied to various extensions of\ns-1/2 Ising models, as long as the system contains only the nearest neighbor\ninteractions as spin-spin interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modulated phases in external fields: when is reentrant behavior to be\n  expected?: We introduce a new coarse grain model capable of describing the phase\nbehavior of two dimensional ferromagnetic systems with competing exchange and\ndipolar interactions, as well as an external magnetic field. An improved\nexpression for the mean field entropic contribution allows to compute the phase\ndiagram in the whole temperature versus external field plane. We find that the\ntopology of the phase diagram may be qualitatively different depending on the\nratio between the strength of the competing interactions. In the regime\nrelevant for ultrathin ferromagnetic films with perpendicular anisotropy we\nconfirm the presence of inverse symmetry breaking from a modulated phase to a\nhomogenous one as the temperature is lowered at constant magnetic field, as\nreported in experiments. For other values of the competing interactions we show\nthat reentrance may be absent. Comparing thermodynamic quantities in both\ncases, as well as the evolution of magnetization profiles in the modulated\nphases, we conclude that the reentrant behavior is a consequence of the\nsuppression of domain wall degrees of freedom at low temperatures at constant\nfields.",
        "positive": "Quantum Annealing and Computation: We introduce and review briefly the phenomenon of quantum annealing and\nanalog computation. The role of quantum fluctuation (tunneling) in random\nsystems with rugged (free) energy landscapes having macroscopic barriers are\ndiscussed to demonstrate the quantum advantage in the search for the ground\nstate(s) through annealing. Quantum annealing as a physical (analog) process to\nsearch for the optimal solutions of computationally hard problems are also\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Arbitrary Time Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation from Fluctuation\n  Theorem: The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) provides a universal entropic\nbound for the precision of the fluctuation of the charge transfer for example\nfor a class of continuous time stochastic processes. However, its extension to\ngeneral nonequilibrium dynamics is still an unsolved problem. In this Letter,\nwe show TUR for an arbitrary finite time in terms of exchange fluctuation\ntheorem applied to ensemble of copies of the original system by assuming a\nphysical regularity condition for the probability distribution. As a nontrivial\npractical consequence, we obtain universal scaling relations among the mean and\nvariance of the charge transfer in short time regime. In this manner, we can\ndeepen our understanding on a link between two important rigorous relations,\ni.e., the fluctuation theorem and the thermodynamic uncertainty relation.",
        "positive": "Residence Time Distribution of Sand Grains in the 1-Dimensional Abelian\n  Sandpile Model: We study the probability distribution of residence time, $T$, of the sand\ngrains in the one dimensional abelian sandpile model on a lattice of $L$ sites,\nfor $T<<L^2$ and $T>>L^2$. The distribution function decays as\n$\\exp(-\\frac{K_LT}{L^2})$. We numerically calculate the coefficient $K_L$ for\nthe value of $L$ upto 150 . Interestingly the distribution function has a\nscaling form $\\frac{1}{L^a}f(\\frac{T}{L^b})$ with $a \\neq b$ for large $L$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality in two-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth: We analyze simulations results of a model proposed for etching of a\ncrystalline solid and results of other discrete models in the 2+1-dimensional\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) class. In the steady states, the moments W_n of\norders n=2,3,4 of the heights distribution are estimated. Results for the\netching model, the ballistic deposition (BD) model and the\ntemperature-dependent body-centered restricted solid-on-solid model (BCSOS)\nsuggest the universality of the absolute value of the skewness S = W_3 /\n(W_2)^(3/2) and of the value of the kurtosis Q = W_4 / (W_2)^2 - 3. The sign of\nthe skewness is the same of the parameter \\lambda of the KPZ equation which\nrepresents the process in the continuum limit. The best numerical estimates,\nobtained from the etching model, are |S| = 0.26 +- 0.01 and Q = 0.134 +- 0.015.\nFor this model, the roughness exponent \\alpha = 0.383 +- 0.008 is obtained,\naccounting for a constant correction term (intrinsic width) in the scaling of\nthe squared interface width. This value is slightly below previous estimates of\nextensive simulations and rules out the proposal of the exact value \\alpha=2/5.\nThe conclusion is supported by results for the ballistic deposition model.\nIndependent estimates of the dynamical exponent and of the growth exponent are\n1.605 <= z <= 1.64 and \\beta = 0.229 +- 0.005, respectively, which are\nconsistent with the relations \\alpha + z = 2 and z = \\alpha / \\beta.",
        "positive": "Chase-Escape Percolation on the 2D Square Lattice: Chase-escape percolation is a variation of the standard epidemic spread\nmodels. In this model, each site can be in one of three states: unoccupied,\noccupied by a single prey, or occupied by a single predator. Prey particles\nspread to neighboring empty sites at rate $p$, and predator particles spread\nonly to neighboring sites occupied by prey particles at rate $1$, killing the\nprey particle that existed at that site. It was found that the prey can survive\nwith non-zero probability, if $p>p_c$ with $p_c<1$. Using Monte Carlo\nsimulations on the square lattice, we estimate the value of $p_c = 0.49451 \\pm\n0.00001$, and the critical exponents are consistent with the undirected\npercolation universality class. We define a discrete-time parallel-update\nversion of the model, which brings out the relation between chase-escape and\nundirected bond percolation. For all $p < p_c$ in $D$-dimensions, the number of\npredators in the absorbing configuration has a stretched-exponential\ndistribution in contrast to the exponential distribution in the standard\npercolation theory. We also study the problem starting from the line initial\ncondition with predator particles on all lattice points of the line $y=0$ and\nprey particles on the line $y=1$. In this case, for $p_c<p < 1$, the center of\nmass of the fluctuating prey and predator fronts travel at the same speed. This\nspeed is strictly smaller than the speed of an Eden front with the same value\nof $p$, but with no predators. At $p=1$, the fronts undergo a depinning\ntransition. The fluctuations of the front follow Kardar-Parisi-Zhang scaling\nboth above and below this depinning transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random matrix model of Kolmogorov-Zakharov turbulence: We introduce and study a random matrix model of Kolmogorov-Zakharov\nturbulence in a nonlinear purely dynamical finite size system with many degrees\nof freedom. For the case of a direct cascade the energy and norm pumping takes\nplace at low energy scales with absorption at high energies. For a pumping\nstrength above a certain chaos border a global chaotic attractor appears with a\nstationary energy flow through a Hamiltonian inertial energy interval. In this\nregime, the steady-state norm distribution is described by an algebraic decay\nwith an exponent in agreement with the Kolmogorov-Zakharov theory. Below the\nchaos border the system is located in the quasi-integrable regime similar to\nthe Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser theory and the turbulence is suppressed. For the\ninverse cascade the system rapidly enters a strongly nonlinear regime where the\nweak turbulence description is invalid. We argue that such a dynamical\nturbulence is generic showing that it is present in other lattice models with\ndisorder and Anderson localization. We point out that such dynamical models can\nbe realized in multimode optical fibers.",
        "positive": "Markov-Chain Monte Carlo Methods for Simulations of Biomolecules: The computer revolution has been driven by a sustained increase of\ncomputational speed of approximately one order of magnitude (a factor of ten)\nevery five years since about 1950. In natural sciences this has led to a\ncontinuous increase of the importance of computer simulations. Major enabling\ntechniques are Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and Molecular Dynamics (MD)\nsimulations.\n  This article deals with the MCMC approach. First basic simulation techniques,\nas well as methods for their statistical analysis are reviewed. Afterwards the\nfocus is on generalized ensembles and biased updating, two advanced techniques,\nwhich are of relevance for simulations of biomolecules, or are expected to\nbecome relevant with that respect. In particular we consider the multicanonical\nensemble and the replica exchange method (also known as parallel tempering or\nmethod of multiple Markov chains)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo simulations of an Ising bilayer with non-equivalent planes: We study the thermodynamic and magnetic properties of an Ising bilayer\nferrimagnet. The system is composed of two interacting non-equivalent planes in\nwhich the intralayer couplings are ferromagnetic while the interlayer\ninteractions are antiferromagnetic. Moreover, one of the planes is randomly\ndiluted. The study is carried out within a Monte Carlo approach employing the\nmultiple histogram reweighting method and finite-size scaling tools. The\noccurrence of a compensation phenomenon is verified and the compensation\ntemperature, as well as the critical temperature for the model, are obtained as\nfunctions of the Hamiltonian parameters. We present a detailed discussion of\nthe regions of the parameter space where the compensation effect is present or\nabsent. Our results are then compared to a mean-field-like approximation\napplied to the same model by Balcerzak and Sza{\\l}owski (2014). Although the\nMonte Carlo and mean-field results agree qualitatively, our quantitative\nresults are significantly different.",
        "positive": "Avalanche Spatial Structure and Multivariable Scaling Functions; Sizes,\n  Heights, Widths, and Views through Windows: We introduce a systematic method for extracting multivariable universal\nscaling functions and critical exponents from data. We exemplify our insights\nby analyzing simulations of avalanches in an interface using simulations from a\ndriven quenched Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (qKPZ) equation. We fully characterize the\nspatial structure of these avalanches- we report universal scaling functions\nfor size, height and width distributions, and also local front heights.\nFurthermore, we resolve a problem that arises in many imaging experiments of\ncrackling noise and avalanche dynamics, where the observed distributions are\nstrongly distorted by a limited field of view. Through artificially windowed\ndata, we show these distributions and their multivariable scaling functions may\nbe written in terms of two control parameters, the window size and the\ncharacteristic length scale of the dynamics. For the entire system and the\nwindowed distributions we develop accurate parameterizations for the universal\nscaling functions, including corrections to scaling and systematic error bars,\nfacilitated by a novel software environment SloppyScaling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermalization and Revivals after a Quantum Quench in Conformal Field\n  Theory: We consider a quantum quench in a finite system of length $L$ described by a\n1+1-dimensional CFT, of central charge $c$, from a state with finite energy\ndensity corresponding to an inverse temperature $\\beta\\ll L$. For times $t$\nsuch that $\\ell/2<t<(L-\\ell)/2$ the reduced density matrix of a subsystem of\nlength $\\ell$ is exponentially close to a thermal density matrix. We compute\nexactly the overlap $\\cal F$ of the state at time $t$ with the initial state\nand show that in general it is exponentially suppressed at large $L/\\beta$.\nHowever, for minimal models with $c<1$ (more generally, rational CFTs), at\ntimes which are integer multiples of $L/2$ (for periodic boundary conditions,\n$L$ for open boundary conditions) there are (in general, partial) revivals at\nwhich $\\cal F$ is $O(1)$, leading to an eventual complete revival with ${\\cal\nF}=1$. There is also interesting structure at all rational values of $t/L$,\nrelated to properties of the CFT under modular transformations. At early times\n$t\\!\\ll\\!(L\\beta)^{1/2}$ there is a universal decay ${\\cal\nF}\\sim\\exp\\big(\\!-\\!(\\pi c/3)Lt^2/\\beta(\\beta^2+4t^2)\\big)$. The effect of an\nirrelevant non-integrable perturbation of the CFT is to progressively broaden\neach revival at $t=nL/2$ by an amount $O(n^{1/2})$.",
        "positive": "Hysteresis, Avalanches, and Barkhausen Noise: Hysteresis, the lag between the force and the response, is often associated\nwith noisy, jerky motion which have recently been called ``avalanches''. The\ninteresting question is why the avalanches come in such a variety of sizes:\nnaively one would expect either all small events or one large one. Power-law\ndistributions are often seen near transitions, or critical points. We study the\nzero temperature random field Ising model as a model for noise and avalanches\nin hysteretic systems. Tuning the amount of disorder in the system, we find an\nordinary critical point with avalanches on all length scales. We study this\ncritical point in 6-epsilon dimensions, and with simulations in 2, 3, 4, 5, 7,\nand 9 dimensions with systems as large as 1000^3. The power-law distributions\nin principle only occur for a special value of the randomness (the critical\npoint), but many decades of scaling occur quite far from this special value:\nthree decades of scaling (a publishable experiment) are obtained a factor of\ntwo away from the critical value. Perhaps many of the power laws observed in\nnature are just systems near their critical points?"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium candidate Monte Carlo: A new tool for efficient\n  equilibrium simulation: Metropolis Monte Carlo simulation is a powerful tool for studying the\nequilibrium properties of matter. In complex condensed-phase systems, however,\nit is difficult to design Monte Carlo moves with high acceptance probabilities\nthat also rapidly sample uncorrelated configurations. Here, we introduce a new\nclass of moves based on nonequilibrium dynamics: candidate configurations are\ngenerated through a finite-time process in which a system is actively driven\nout of equilibrium, and accepted with criteria that preserve the equilibrium\ndistribution. The acceptance rule is similar to the Metropolis acceptance\nprobability, but related to the nonequilibrium work rather than the\ninstantaneous energy difference. Our method is applicable to sampling from both\na single thermodynamic state or a mixture of thermodynamic states, and allows\nboth coordinates and thermodynamic parameters to be driven in nonequilibrium\nproposals. While generating finite-time switching trajectories incurs an\nadditional cost, driving some degrees of freedom while allowing others to\nevolve naturally can lead to large enhancements in acceptance probabilities,\ngreatly reducing structural correlation times. Using nonequilibrium driven\nprocesses vastly expands the repertoire of useful Monte Carlo proposals in\nsimulations of dense solvated systems.",
        "positive": "Modeling single-molecule stretching experiments using statistical\n  thermodynamics: Single-molecule stretching experiments are widely utilized within the fields\nof physics and chemistry to characterize the mechanics of individual bonds or\nmolecules, as well as chemical reactions. Analytic relations describing these\nexperiments are valuable, and these relations can be obtained through the\nstatistical thermodynamics of idealized model systems representing the\nexperiments. Since the specific thermodynamic ensembles manifested by the\nexperiments affect the outcome, primarily for small molecules, the stretching\ndevice must be included in the idealized model system. Though the model for the\nstretched molecule might be exactly solvable, including the device in the model\noften prevents analytic solutions. In the limit of large or small device\nstiffness, the isometric or isotensional ensembles can provide effective\napproximations, but the device effects are missing. Here, a dual set of\nasymptotically correct statistical thermodynamic theories are applied to\ndevelop accurate approximations for the full model system that includes both\nthe molecule and the device. The asymptotic theories are first demonstrated to\nbe accurate using the freely jointed chain model, and then using molecular\ndynamics calculations of a single polyethylene chain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Note on cond-mat/0510119: Jarzynski equation for adiabatically stretched\n  rotor: In a recent article (cond-mat/0510119) it has been argued that the Jarzynski\nequation is violated for adiabatic stretching processes of a three dimensional\nrotor system. Here we want to show that the reasoning is not correct. Rather,\nthe Jarzynski equation is fulfilled for this adiabatically stretched rotor.",
        "positive": "Conserved Quantities in Models of Classical Chaos: Quantum chaos is a major subject of interest in condensed matter theory, and\nhas recently motivated new questions in the study of classical chaos. In\nparticular, recent studies have uncovered interesting physics in the\nrelationship between chaos and conserved quantities in models of quantum chaos.\nIn this paper, we investigate this relationship in two simple models of\nclassical chaos: the infinite-temperature Heisenberg spin chain, and the\ndirected polymer in a random medium. We relate these models by drawing\nanalogies between the energy landscape over which the directed polymer moves\nand the magnetization of the spin chain. We find that the coupling of the chaos\nto these conserved quantities results in, among other things, a marked\ntransition from the rough perturbation profiles predicted by analogy to the KPZ\nequation to smooth, triangular profiles with reduced wandering exponents. These\nresults suggest that diffusive conserved quantities can, in some cases, be the\ndominant forces shaping the development of chaos in classical systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometric effects on critical behaviours of the Ising model: We investigate the critical behaviour of the two-dimensional Ising model\ndefined on a curved surface with a constant negative curvature. Finite-size\nscaling analysis reveals that the critical exponents for the zero-field\nmagnetic susceptibility and the correlation length deviate from those for the\nIsing lattice model on a flat plane. Furthermore, when reducing the effects of\nboundary spins, the values of the critical exponents tend to those derived from\nthe mean field theory. These findings evidence that the underlying geometric\ncharacter is responsible for the critical properties the Ising model when the\nlattice is embedded on negatively curved surfaces.",
        "positive": "Negative temperature states as exact equilibrium solutions of the Wave\n  Kinetic equation for one dimensional lattices: We predict negative temperature states in the Discrete Nonlinear Sch\\\"odinger\nequation as exact solutions of the associated Wave Kinetic equation. Those\nsolutions are consistent with the classical thermodynamics formalism. Explicit\ncalculation of the entropy as a function of the energy and number of particles\nis performed analytically. Direct numerical simulations of the DNLS equation\nare in agreement with theoretical results. We show that the key ingredient for\nobserving negative temperatures in lattices is the boundedness of the\ndispersion relation in its domain. States with negative temperatures are\ncharacterized by an accumulation of particles and energy at wavenumber $k=\\pi$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The missing stress-geometry equation in granular media: The simplest solvable problem of stress transmission through a static\ngranular material is when the grains are perfectly rigid and have an average\ncoordination number of $\\bar{z}=d+1$. Under these conditions there exists an\nanalysis of stress which is independent of the analysis of strain and the $d$\nequations of force balance $\\nabla_{j} \\sigma_{ij}({\\vec r}) = g_{i}({\\vec r})$\nhave to be supported by $\\frac{d(d-1)}{2}$ equations. These equations are of\npurely geometric origin. A method of deriving them has been proposed in an\nearlier paper. In this paper alternative derivations are discussed and the\nproblem of the \"missing equations\" is posed as a geometrical puzzle which has\nyet to find a systematic solution as against sensible but fundamentally\narbitrary approaches.",
        "positive": "Quasi-local conserved charges and spin transport in spin-$1$ integrable\n  chains: We consider the integrable one-dimensional spin-$1$ chain defined by the\nZamolodchikov-Fateev (ZF) Hamiltonian. The latter is parametrized, analogously\nto the XXZ spin-$1/2$ model, by a continuous anisotropy parameter and at the\nisotropic point coincides with the well-known spin-$1$ Babujian-Takhtajan\nHamiltonian. Following a procedure recently developed for the XXZ model, we\nexplicitly construct a continuous family of quasi-local conserved operators for\nthe periodic spin-$1$ ZF chain. Our construction is valid for a dense set of\ncommensurate values of the anisotropy parameter in the gapless regime where the\nisotropic point is excluded. Using the Mazur inequality, we show that, as for\nthe XXZ model, these quasi-local charges are enough to prove that the\nhigh-temperature spin Drude weight is non-vanishing in the thermodynamic limit,\nthus establishing ballistic spin transport at high temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bounds for the time to failure of hierarchical systems of fracture: For years limited Monte Carlo simulations have led to the suspicion that the\ntime to failure of hierarchically organized load-transfer models of fracture is\nnon-zero for sets of infinite size. This fact could have a profound\nsignificance in engineering practice and also in geophysics. Here, we develop\nan exact algebraic iterative method to compute the successive time intervals\nfor individual breaking in systems of height $n$ in terms of the information\ncalculated in the previous height $n-1$. As a byproduct of this method,\nrigorous lower and higher bounds for the time to failure of very large systems\nare easily obtained. The asymptotic behavior of the resulting lower bound leads\nto the evidence that the above mentioned suspicion is actually true.",
        "positive": "q-deformed Loewner evolution: The Loewner equation, in its stochastic incarnation introduced by Schramm, is\nan insightful method for the description of critical random curves and\ninterfaces in two-dimensional statistical mechanics. Two features are crucial,\nnamely conformal invariance and a conformal version of the Markov property.\nExtensions of the equation have been explored in various directions, in order\nto expand the reach of such a powerful method. We propose a new generalization\nbased on q-calculus, a concept rooted in quantum geometry and non-extensive\nthermodynamics; the main motivation is the explicit breaking of the Markov\nproperty, while retaining scale invariance in the stochastic version. We focus\non the deterministic equation and give some exact solutions; the formalism\nnaturally gives rise to multiple mutually-intersecting curves. A general method\nof simulation is constructed - which can be easily extended to other q-deformed\nequations - and is applied to both the deterministic and the stochastic realms.\nThe way the $q\\neq 1$ picture converges to the classical one is explored as\nwell."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the spectral relations for multitime correlation functions: A general approach for derivation of the spectral relations for the multitime\ncorrelation functions is presented. A special attention is paid to the\nconsideration of the non-ergodic (conserving) contributions and it is shown\nthat such contributions can be treated in a rigorous way using multitime\ntemperature Green functions. Representation of the multitime Green functions in\nterms of the spectral densities and solution of the reverse problem -- finding\nof the spectral densities from the known Green functions are given for the case\nof the three-time correlation functions.",
        "positive": "From generalized directed animals to the asymmetric simple exclusion\n  process: Using the generalized normally ordered form of words in a locally-free group\nof $n$ generators, we show that in the limit $n\\to\\infty$, the partition\nfunction of weighted directed lattice animals on a semi-infinite strip\ncoincides with the partition function of stationary configurations of the\nasymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) with arbitrary entry/escape rates\nthrough open boundaries. We relate the features of the ASEP in the different\nregimes of the phase diagram to the geometric features of the associated\ngeneralized directed animals by showing the results of numerical simulations.\nIn particular, we show how the presence of shocks at the first order transition\nline translates into the directed animal picture. Using the evolution equation\nfor generalized, weighted Lukasiewicz paths, we also provide a straightforward\ncalculation of the known ASEP generating function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tail-Constraining Stochastic Linear-Quadratic Control: Large Deviation\n  and Statistical Physics Approach: Standard definition of the stochastic Risk-Sensitive Linear-Quadratic (RS-LQ)\ncontrol depends on the risk parameter, which is normally left to be set\nexogenously. We reconsider the classical approach and suggest two alternatives\nresolving the spurious freedom naturally. One approach consists in seeking for\nthe minimum of the tail of the Probability Distribution Function (PDF) of the\ncost functional at some large fixed value. Another option suggests to minimize\nthe expectation value of the cost functional under constraint on the value of\nthe PDF tail. Under assumption of the resulting control stability, both\nproblems are reduced to static optimizations over stationary control matrix.\nThe solutions are illustrated on the examples of scalar and 1d chain (string)\nsystems. Large Deviation self-similar asymptotic of the cost functional PDF is\nanalyzed.",
        "positive": "Finite size effects in Barabasi-Albert growing networks: We investigate the influence of the network's size on the degree distribution\nin Barabasi-Albert model of growing network with initial attractiveness. Our\napproach based on spectral moments allows to treat analytically several\nvariants of the model and to calculate the cut-off function giving finite size\ncorrections to the degree distribution. We study the effect of initial\nconfiguration as well as of addition more than one link per time step. The\nresults indicate that asymptotic properties of the cut-off depend only on the\nexponent in the power law describing the tail of the degree distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation under outflow dynamics with random sequential updating: In this paper we compare the relaxation in several versions of the Sznajd\nmodel (SM) with random sequential updating on the chain and square lattice. We\nstart by reviewing briefly all proposed one dimensional versions of SM. Next,\nwe compare the results obtained from Monte Carlo simulations with the mean\nfield results obtained by Slanina and Lavicka . Finally, we investigate the\nrelaxation on the square lattice and compare two generalizations of SM, one\nsuggested by Stauffer and another by Galam. We show that there are no\nqualitative differences between these two approaches, although the relaxation\nwithin the Galam rule is faster than within the well known Stauffer rule.",
        "positive": "Multi-discontinuity algorithm for world-line Monte Carlo simulations: We introduce a novel multi-discontinuity algorithm for efficient global\nupdate of world-line configurations in Monte Carlo simulations of interacting\nquantum systems. This new algorithm is a generalization of the\ntwo-discontinuity algorithms introduced in Refs. [N. Prokof'ev, B. Svistunov,\nand I. Tupitsyn, Phys. Lett. A {\\bf 238}, 253 (1998)] and [O. Sylju{\\aa}sen and\nA. Sandvik, Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 66}, 046701 (2002)] . This generalization is\nparticularly effective for studying Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) of\ncomposite particles. In particular, we demonstrate the utility of the\ngeneralized algorithm by simulating a Hamiltonian for an S=1 anti-ferromagnet\nwith strong uniaxial single-ion anisotropy. The multi-discontinuity algorithm\nnot only solves the freezing problem that arises in this limit, but also allows\nfor efficiently computing the off-diagonal correlator that characterizes a BEC\nof composite particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Back to Maupertuis' least action principle for dissipative systems: not\n  all motions in Nature are most energy economical: It is shown that an oldest form of variational calculus of mechanics, the\nMaupertuis least action principle, can be used as a simple and powerful\napproach for the formulation of the variational principle for damped motions,\nallowing a simple derivation of the Lagrangian mechanics for any dissipative\nsystems and an a connection of the optimization of energy dissipation to the\nleast action principles. On this basis, it is shown that not all motions of\nclassical mechanics obey the rule of least energy dissipation or follow the\npath of least resistance, and that the least action is equivalent to least\ndissipation for two kinds of motions : all stationary motions with constant\nvelocity and all motions damped by Stokes drag.",
        "positive": "Many-sided Poisson-Voronoi cells with only Gabriel neighbors: Let $p_n^G$ be the probability for a planar Poisson-Voronoi cell to be\n$n$-sided {\\it and\\,} have only Gabriel neighbors. Using an exact coordinate\ntransformation followed by scaling arguments and a mean-field type calculation,\nwe obtain the asymptotic expansion of $\\log p_n^G$ in the limit of large $n$.\nWe determine several statistical properties of a many-sided cell obeying this\n`Gabriel condition.' In particular, the cell perimeter, when parametrized as a\nfunction $\\tau(\\theta)$ of the polar angle $\\theta$, behaves as a Brownian\nbridge on the interval $0\\le\\theta\\le 2\\pi$. We point out similarities and\ndifferences with related problems in random geometry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic thermodynamics of entropic transport: Seifert derived an exact fluctuation relation for diffusion processes using\nthe concept of \"stochastic system entropy\". In this note we extend his\nformalism to entropic transport. We introduce the notion of relative stochastic\nentropy, or \"relative surprisal\", and use it to generalize Seifert's\nsystem/medium decomposition of the total entropy. This result allows to apply\nthe concepts of stochastic thermodynamics to diffusion processes in confined\ngeometries, such as ion channels, cellular pores or nanoporous materials. It\ncan be seen as the equivalent for diffusion processes of Esposito and\nSchaller's generalized fluctuation theorem for \"Maxwell demon feedbacks\".",
        "positive": "Nonlocal growth processes and conformal invariance: Up to now the raise and peel model was the single known example of a\none-dimensional stochastic process where one can observe conformal invariance.\nThe model has one-parameter.\n  Depending on its value one has a gapped phase, a critical point where one has\nconformal invariance and a gapless phase with changing values of the dynamical\ncritical exponent $z$. In this model, adsorption is local but desorption is\nnot. The raise and strip model presented here in which desorption is also\nnonlocal, has the same phase diagram. The critical exponents are different as\nare some physical properties of the model. Our study suggest the possible\nexistence of a whole class of stochastic models in which one can observe\nconformal invariance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Simple Theory of Condensation: A simple assumption of an emergence in gas of small atomic clusters\nconsisting of $c$ particles each, leads to a phase separation (first order\ntransition). It reveals itself by an emergence of ``forbidden'' density range\nstarting at a certain temperature. Defining this latter value as the critical\ntemperature predicts existence of an interval with anomalous heat capacity\nbehaviour $c_p\\propto\\Delta T^{-1/c}$. The value $c=13$ suggested in literature\nyields the heat capacity exponent $\\alpha=0.077$.",
        "positive": "Phase separation in disordered exclusion models: The effect of quenched disorder in the one-dimensional asymmetric exclusion\nprocess is reviewed. Both particlewise and sitewise disorder generically\ninduces phase separation in a range of densities. In the particlewise case the\nexistence of stationary product measures in the homogeneous phase implies that\nthe critical density can be computed exactly, while for sitewise disorder only\nbounds are available. The coarsening of phase-separated domains starting from a\nhomogeneous initial condition is addressed using scaling arguments and extremal\nstatistics considerations. Some of these results have been obtained previously\nin the context of directed polymers subject to columnar disorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral Measures of Bipartivity in Complex Networks: We introduce a quantitative measure of network bipartivity as a proportion of\neven to total number of closed walks in the network. Spectral graph theory is\nused to quantify how close to bipartite a network is and the extent to which\nindividual nodes and edges contribute to the global network bipartivity. It is\nshown that the bipartivity characterizes the network structure and can be\nrelated to the efficiency of semantic or communication networks, trophic\ninteractions in food webs, construction principles in metabolic networks, or\ncommunities in social networks.",
        "positive": "Critical crossover phenomena driven by symmetry-breaking defects at\n  quantum transitions: We study the effects of symmetry-breaking defects at continuous quantum\ntransitions (CQTs), which may arise from localized external fields coupled to\nthe order-parameter operator. The problem is addressed within\nrenormalization-group (RG) and finite-size scaling frameworks. We consider the\nparadigmatic one-dimensional quantum Ising models at their CQT, in the presence\nof defects which break the global ${\\mathbb Z}_2$ symmetry. We show that such\ndefects can give rise to notable critical crossover regimes where the\nground-state properties experience substantial and rapid changes, from\nsymmetric conditions to symmetry-breaking boundaries. An effective\ncharacterization of these crossover phenomena driven by defects is achieved by\nanalyzing the ground-state fidelity associated with small changes of the defect\nstrength. Within the critical crossover regime, the fidelity susceptibility\nshows a power-law divergence when increasing the system size, related to the RG\ndimension of the defect strength; in contrast, outside the critical defect\nregime, it remains finite. We support the RG scaling arguments with numerical\nresults."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First passage time statistics for two-channel diffusion: We present rigorous results for the mean first passage time and first passage\ntime statistics for two-channel Markov additive diffusion in a 3-dimensional\nspherical domain. Inspired by biophysical examples we assume that the particle\ncan only recognise the target in one of the modes, which is shown to effect a\nnon-trivial first passage behaviour. We also address the scenario of\nintermittent immobilisation. In both cases we prove that despite the perfectly\nnon-recurrent motion of two-channel Markov additive diffusion in 3 dimensions\nthe first passage statistics at long times do not display Poisson-like\nbehaviour if none of the phases has a vanishing diffusion coefficient. This\nstands in stark contrast to the standard (one-channel) Markov diffusion\ncounterpart. We also discuss the relevance of our results in the context of\ncellular signalling.",
        "positive": "Network Analysis of the State Space of Discrete Dynamical Systems: We study networks representing the dynamics of elementary 1-d cellular\nautomata (CA) on finite lattices. We analyze scaling behaviors of both local\nand global network properties as a function of system size. The scaling of the\nlargest node in-degree is obtained analytically for a variety of CA including\nrules 22, 54 and 110. We further define the \\emph{path diversity} as a global\nnetwork measure. The co-appearance of non-trivial scaling in both hub size and\npath diversity separates simple dynamics from the more complex behaviors\ntypically found in Wolfram's Class IV and some Class III CA."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatial structure of unstable normal modes in a glass-forming liquid: The phenomenology of glass-forming liquids is often described in terms of\ntheir underlying, high-dimensional potential energy surface. In particular, the\nstatistics of stationary points sampled as a function of temperature provides\nuseful insight into the thermodynamics and dynamics of the system. To make\ncontact with the real space physics, however, analysis of the spatial structure\nof the normal modes is required. In this work, we numerically study the\npotential energy surface of a glass-forming ternary mixture. Starting from\nliquid configurations equilibrated over a broad range of temperatures using a\nswap Monte Carlo method, we locate the nearby stationary points and investigate\nthe spatial architecture and the energetics of the associated unstable modes.\nThrough this spatially-resolved analysis, originally developed to study local\nminima, we corroborate recent evidence that the nature of the unstable modes\nchanges from delocalized to localized around the mode-coupling temperature. We\nfind that the displacement amplitudes of the delocalized modes have a slowly\ndecaying far field, whereas the localized modes consist of a core with large\ndisplacements and a rapidly decaying far field. The fractal dimension of\nunstable modes around the mobility edge is equal to 1, consistent with the\nscaling of the participation ratio. Finally, we find that around and below the\nmode-coupling temperature the unstable modes are localized around structural\ndefects, characterized by a disordered local structure markedly different from\nthe liquid's locally favored structure. These defects are similar to those\nassociated to quasi-localized vibrations in local minima and are good\ncandidates to predict the emergence of localized excitations at low\ntemperature.",
        "positive": "The q-deformed Bose gas: Integrability and thermodynamics: We investigate the exact solution of the q-deformed one-dimensional Bose gas\nto derive all integrals of motion and their corresponding eigenvalues. As an\napplication, the thermodynamics is given and compared to an effective field\ntheory at low temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic approximation of dynamical exponent at quantum critical point: We have developed a unified finite-size scaling method for quantum phase\ntransitions that requires no prior knowledge of the dynamical exponent $z$.\nDuring a quantum Monte Carlo simulation, the temperature is automatically tuned\nby the Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation method, being proportional to the\nlowest gap of the finite-size system. The dynamical exponent is estimated in a\nstraightforward way from the system-size dependence of the temperature. As a\ndemonstration of our novel method, the two-dimensional $S=1/2$ quantum $XY$\nmodel in uniform and staggered magnetic fields is investigated in the\ncombination of the world-line quantum Monte Carlo worm algorithm. In the\nabsence of the uniform magnetic field, we obtain the fully consistent result\nwith the Lorentz invariance at the quantum critical point, $z=1$, i.e., the\nthree-dimensional classical $XY$ universality class. Under a finite uniform\nmagnetic field, on the other hand, the dynamical exponent becomes two, and the\nmean-field universality with effective dimension $(2+2)$ governs the quantum\nphase transition.",
        "positive": "Asymmetry in repeated isotropic rotations: Random operators constitute fundamental building blocks of models of complex\nsystems yet are far from fully understood. Here, we explain an asymmetry\nemerging upon repeating identical isotropic (uniformly random) operations.\nSpecifically, in two dimensions, repeating an isotropic rotation twice maps a\ngiven point on the two-dimensional unit sphere (the unit circle) uniformly at\nrandom to any point on the unit sphere, reflecting a statistical symmetry as\nexpected. In contrast, in three and higher dimensions, a point is mapped more\noften closer to the original point than a uniform distribution predicts.\nCuriously, in the limit of the dimension $d \\rightarrow \\infty$, a symmetric\ndistribution is approached again. We intuitively explain the emergence of this\nasymmetry and why it disappears in higher dimensions by disentangling isotropic\nrotations into a sequence of partial actions. The asymmetry emerges in two\nqualitatively different forms and for a wide range of general random operations\nrelevant in complex systems modeling, including repeated continuous and\ndiscrete rotations, roto-reflections and general orthogonal transformations"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equivalence of the four versions of Tsallis statistics: In spite of its undeniable success, there are still open questions regarding\nTsallis non-extensive statistical formalism, whose founding stone was laid in\n1988 in JSTAT. Some of them are concerned with the so-called normalization\nproblem of just how to evaluate expectation values. The Jaynes MaxEnt approach\nfor deriving statistical mechanics is based on the adoption of (1) a specific\nentropic functional form S and (2) physically appropriate constraints. The\nliterature on non-extensive thermostatistics has considered, in its historical\nevolution, four possible choices for the evaluation of expectation values: (i)\n1988 Tsallis-original (TO), (ii) Curado-Tsallis (CT), (iii) Tsallis-Mendes-\nPlastino (TMP), and (iv) the same as (iii), but using centered operators as\nconstraints (OLM). The 1988 was promptly abandoned and replaced, mostly with\nversions ii) and iii). We will here (a) show that the 1988 is as good as any of\nthe others, (b) demonstrate that the four cases can be easily derived from just\none (any) of them, i.e., the probability distribution function in each of these\nfour instances may be evaluated with a unique formula, and (c) numerically\nanalyze some consequences that emerge from these four choices.",
        "positive": "Exponential and power-law probability distributions of wealth and income\n  in the United Kingdom and the United States: We present the data on wealth and income distributions in the United Kingdom,\nas well as on the income distributions in the individual states of the USA. In\nall of these data, we find that the great majority of population is described\nby an exponential distribution, whereas the high-end tail follows a power law.\nThe distributions are characterized by a dimensional scale analogous to\ntemperature. The values of temperature are determined for the UK and the USA,\nas well as for the individual states of the USA."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion with resetting in a logarithmic potential: We study the effect of resetting on diffusion in a logarithmic potential. In\nthis model, a particle diffusing in a potential $U(x) = U_0\\log|x|$ is reset,\ni.e., taken back to its initial position, with a constant rate $r$. We show\nthat this analytically tractable model system exhibits a series of phase\ntransitions as a function of a single parameter, $\\beta U_0$, the ratio of the\nstrength of the potential to the thermal energy. For $\\beta U_0<-1$ the\npotential is strongly repulsive, preventing the particle from reaching the\norigin. Resetting then generates a non-equilibrium steady state which is\ncharacterized exactly and thoroughly analyzed. In contrast, for $\\beta U_0>-1$\nthe potential is either weakly repulsive or attractive and the diffusing\nparticle eventually reaches the origin. In this case, we provide a closed form\nexpression for the subsequent first-passage time distribution and show that a\nresetting transition occurs at $\\beta U_0=5$. Namely, we find that resetting\ncan expedite arrival to the origin when $-1<\\beta U_0<5$, but not when $\\beta\nU_0>5$. The results presented herein generalize results for simple diffusion\nwith resetting -- a widely applicable model that is obtained from ours by\nsetting $U_0=0$. Extending to general potential strengths, our work opens the\ndoor to theoretical and experimental investigation of a plethora of problems\nthat bring together resetting and diffusion in logarithmic potential.",
        "positive": "Hierarchical characterization of complex networks: While the majority of approaches to the characterization of complex networks\nhas relied on measurements considering only the immediate neighborhood of each\nnetwork node, valuable information about the network topological properties can\nbe obtained by considering further neighborhoods. The current work discusses on\nhow the concepts of hierarchical node degree and hierarchical clustering\ncoefficient (introduced in cond-mat/0408076), complemented by new hierarchical\nmeasurements, can be used in order to obtain a powerful set of topological\nfeatures of complex networks. The interpretation of such measurements is\ndiscussed, including an analytical study of the hierarchical node degree for\nrandom networks, and the potential of the suggested measurements for the\ncharacterization of complex networks is illustrated with respect to simulations\nof random, scale-free and regular network models as well as real data\n(airports, proteins and word associations). The enhanced characterization of\nthe connectivity provided by the set of hierarchical measurements also allows\nthe use of agglomerative clustering methods in order to obtain taxonomies of\nrelationships between nodes in a network, a possibility which is also\nillustrated in the current article."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface growth on treelike lattices and the upper critical dimension of\n  the KPZ class: Aiming to investigate the upper critical dimension, $d_u$, of the KPZ class,\nin [EPL 103 (2013) 10005] some growth models were numerically analyzed using\nCayley trees (CTs) as substrates, as a way to access their behavior in the\ninfinite-dimensional limit, and some unexpected results were reported:\nlogarithmic roughness scaling, differing for EW and KPZ models (indicating that\neven at $d=\\infty$ the KPZ nonlinearity is still relevant); beyond\nasymptotically rough EW surfaces above the upper critical dimension of the EW\nclass. Motivated by these strange findings, I revisit these growth models here\nto show that such results are simple consequences of boundary effects, inherent\nto systems defined on CTs. In fact, I demonstrate that the anomalous boundary\nof the CT leads the growing surfaces to develop curved shapes, which explains\nthe strange behaviors previously found for these systems, once the global\n\"roughness\" were analyzed for non-flat surfaces in the study above.\nImportantly, by measuring the height fluctuations at the central site of the\nCT, which can be seen as an approximation for the Bethe lattice, smooth\nsurfaces are found for both EW and KPZ classes, consistently with the behavior\nexpected for growing systems in dimensions $d \\geqslant d_u$. Interesting\nfeatures of the 1-pt height fluctuations, such as the possibility of\nnon-saturation in the steady state regime, are also discussed for substrates in\ngeneral.",
        "positive": "Mechanochemical fluctuation theorem and thermodynamics of self-phoretic\n  motors: Microscopic dynamical aspects of the propulsion of nanomotors by\nself-phoretic mechanisms are considered. Propulsion by self-diffusiophoresis\nrelies on the mechanochemical coupling between the fluid velocity field and the\nconcentration fields induced by asymmetric catalytic reactions on the motor\nsurface. The consistency between the thermodynamics of this coupling and the\nmicroscopic reversibility of the underlying molecular dynamics is investigated.\nFor this purpose coupled Langevin equations for the translational, rotational,\nand chemical fluctuations of self-phoretic motors are derived. A\nmechanochemical fluctuation theorem for the joint probability to find the motor\nat position r after n reactive events have occurred during the time interval t\nis also derived. An important result that follows from this analysis is the\nidentification of an effect that is reciprocal to self-propulsion by\ndiffusiophoresis, which leads to the possibility of fuel synthesis by\nmechanochemical coupling to external force and torque."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shannon and R\u00e9nyi mutual information in quantum critical spin chains: We study the Shannon mutual information in one-dimensional critical spin\nchains, following a recent conjecture (Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 017201 (2013)), as\nwell as R\\'enyi generalizations of it. We combine conformal field theory\narguments with numerical computations in lattice discretizations with central\ncharge $c=1$ and $c=1/2$. For a periodic system of length $L$ cut into two\nparts of length $\\ell$ and $L-\\ell$, all our results agree with the general\nshape-dependence $I_n(\\ell,L)=(b_n/4)\\ln \\left(\\frac{L}{\\pi}\\sin \\frac{\\pi\n\\ell}{L}\\right)$, where $b_n$ is a universal coefficient. For the free boson\nCFT we show from general arguments that $b_n=c=1$. At $c=1/2$ we conjecture a\nresult for $n>1$. We perform extensive numerical computations in Ising chains\nto confirm this, and also find $b_1\\simeq 0.4801629(2)$, a nontrivial number\nwhich we do not understand analytically. Open chains at $c=1/2$ and $n=1$ are\neven more intriguing, with a shape-dependent logarithmic divergence of the\nShannon mutual information.",
        "positive": "Magnetisation and Mean Field Theory in the Ising Model: In this set of notes, a complete, pedagogical tutorial for applying mean\nfield theory to the two-dimensional Ising model is presented. Beginning with\nthe motivation and basis for mean field theory, we formally derive the\nBogoliubov inequality and discuss mean field theory itself. We proceed with the\nuse of mean field theory to determine a magnetisation function, and the results\nof the derivation are interpreted graphically, physically, and mathematically.\nWe give a new interpretation of the self-consistency condition in terms of\nintersecting surfaces and constrained solution sets. We also include some more\ngeneral comments on the thermodynamics of the phase transition. We end by\nevaluating symmetry considerations in magnetisation, and some more subtle\nfeatures of the Ising model. Together, a self-contained overview of the mean\nfield Ising model is given, with some novel presentation of important results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computing return times or return periods with rare event algorithms: The average time between two occurrences of the same event, referred to as\nits return time (or return period), is a useful statistical concept for\npractical applications. For instance insurances or public agency may be\ninterested by the return time of a 10m flood of the Seine river in Paris.\nHowever, due to their scarcity, reliably estimating return times for rare\nevents is very difficult using either observational data or direct numerical\nsimulations. For rare events, an estimator for return times can be built from\nthe extrema of the observable on trajectory blocks. Here, we show that this\nestimator can be improved to remain accurate for return times of the order of\nthe block size. More importantly, we show that this approach can be generalised\nto estimate return times from numerical algorithms specifically designed to\nsample rare events. So far those algorithms often compute probabilities, rather\nthan return times. The approach we propose provides a computationally extremely\nefficient way to estimate numerically the return times of rare events for a\ndynamical system, gaining several orders of magnitude of computational costs.\nWe illustrate the method on two kinds of observables, instantaneous and\ntime-averaged, using two different rare event algorithms, for a simple\nstochastic process, the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. As an example of realistic\napplications to complex systems, we finally discuss extreme values of the drag\non an object in a turbulent flow.",
        "positive": "Electron random walk in ideal phonon gas. Exact dressed electron density\n  matrix evolution equations: An original approach is suggested to analysis of full quantum Liouville\nequation for single electron (quantum particle) interacting with ideal phonon\ngas (harmonic boson thermostat). It is shown that under the thermodynamic limit\nthis equation can be exactly reduced to a system of evolution equations\nconnecting density matrix of the electron and its simplest irreducible\ncorrelations with amplitudes of one, two, three and more phonon modes. Possible\napplication of these new equations to explanation of the electron mobility\n1/f-type fluctuations in semiconductors and other media is discussed. The\nspecial case of electron in static disorder is also considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fokker-Planck Equation of Schramm-Loewner Evolution: In this paper we statistically analyze the Fokker-Planck (FP) equation of\nSchramm-Loewner evolution (SLE) and its variant SLE($\\kappa,\\rho_c$). After\nexploring the derivation and the properties of the Langevin equation of the tip\nof the SLE trace, we obtain the long and short time behaviors of the chordal\nSLE traces. We analyze the solutions of the FP and the corresponding Langevin\nequations and connect it to the conformal field theory (CFT) and present some\nexact results. We find the perturbative FP equation of the SLE($\\kappa,\\rho_c$)\ntraces and show that it is related to the higher order correlation functions.\nUsing the Langevin equation we find the long-time behaviors in this case. The\nCFT correspondence of this case is established and some exact results are\npresented.",
        "positive": "Time Evolution of the Spread of Diseases with a General Infectivity\n  Profile on a Complex Dynamic Network: This manuscript introduces a new analytical approach for studying the time\nevolution of disease spread on a finite size network. Our methodology can\naccommodate any disease with a general infectivity profile. This new approach\nis able to incorporate the impact of a general intervention - at the population\nlevel - in a number of different ways. Below, we discuss the details of the\nequations involved and compare the outcomes of analytical calculation against\nsimulation results. We conclude with a discussion of possible extensions of\nthis methodology."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Principles of classical statistical mechanics: A perspective from the\n  notion of complementarity: Quantum mechanics and classical statistical mechanics are two physical\ntheories that share several analogies in their mathematical apparatus and\nphysical foundations. In particular, classical statistical mechanics is\nhallmarked by the complementarity between two descriptions that are unified in\nthermodynamics: (i) the parametrization of the system macrostate in terms of\nmechanical macroscopic observables $I=\\{I^{i}\\}$; and (ii) the dynamical\ndescription that explains the evolution of a system towards the thermodynamic\nequilibrium. As expected, such a complementarity is related to the uncertainty\nrelations of classical statistical mechanics $\\Delta I^{i}\\Delta \\eta_{i}\\geq\nk$. Here, $k$ is the Boltzmann's constant, $\\eta_{i}=\\partial\n\\mathcal{S}(I|\\theta)/\\partial I^{i}$ are the restituting generalized forces\nderived from the entropy $\\mathcal{S}(I|\\theta)$ of a closed system, which is\nfound in an equilibrium situation driven by certain control parameters\n$\\theta=\\{\\theta^{\\alpha}\\}$. These arguments constitute the central\ningredients of a reformulation of classical statistical mechanics from the\nnotion of complementarity. In this new framework, Einstein postulate of\nclassical fluctuation theory $dp(I|\\theta)\\sim\\exp[\\mathcal{S}(I|\\theta)/k]dI$\nappears as the correspondence principle between classical statistical mechanics\nand thermodynamics in the limit $k\\rightarrow0$, while the existence of\nuncertainty relations can be associated with the non-commuting character of\ncertain operators.",
        "positive": "Stochastic resonance in bistable confining potentials. On the role of\n  confinement: We study the effects of the confining conditions on the occurrence of\nstochastic resonance (SR) in continuous bistable systems. We model such systems\nby means of double-well potentials that diverge like the q-th power of |x| when\n|x| goes to infinite. For super-harmonic (hard) potentials with q > 2 the SR\npeak sharpens with increasing q, whereas for sub-harmonic (soft) potentials, q\n< 2, it gets suppressed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation in Finite Matching Lattices: We derive an exact, simple relation between the average number of clusters\nand the wrapping probabilities for two-dimensional percolation. The relation\nholds for periodic lattices of any size. It generalizes a classical result of\nSykes and Essam and it can be used to find exact or very accurate\napproximations of the critical density. The criterion that follows is related\nto the criterion Scullard and Jacobsen use to find precise approximate\nthresholds, and our work provides a new perspective on their approach.",
        "positive": "Yielding, shear banding and brittle failure of amorphous materials: Widespread processes in nature and technology are governed by the dynamical\ntransition whereby a material in an initially solid-like state then yields\nplastically. Major unresolved questions concern whether any material will yield\nsmoothly and gradually (ductile behaviour) or fail abruptly and\ncatastrophically (brittle behaviour); the roles of sample annealing, disorder\nand shear band formation in the onset of yielding and failure; and, most\nimportantly from a practical viewpoint, whether any impending catastrophic\nfailure can be anticipated before it happens. We address these questions by\nstudying the yielding of slowly sheared athermal amorphous materials, within a\nminimal mesoscopic lattice elastoplastic model. Our contributions are fourfold.\nFirst, we elucidate whether yielding will be ductile or brittle, for any given\nlevel of sample annealing. Second, we show that yielding comprises two distinct\nstages: a pre-failure stage, in which small levels of strain heterogeneity\nslowly accumulate, followed by a catastrophic brittle failure event, in which a\ncrack quickly propagates across the sample via a cooperating line of plastic\nevents. Third, we provide an expression for the slowly growing level of strain\nheterogeneity in the pre-failure stage, expressed in terms of the macroscopic\nstress-strain curve and the sample size, and in excellent agreement with our\nsimulation results. Fourth, we elucidate the basic mechanism via which a crack\nthen nucleates and provide an approximate expression for the probability\ndistribution of shear strains at which failure occurs, as determined by the\ndisorder inherent in the sample, expressed in terms of a single annealing\nparameter, and the system size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hidden quasiconservation laws in fracton hydrodynamics: We show that the simplest universality classes of fracton hydrodynamics in\nmore than one spatial dimension, including isotropic theories of charge and\ndipole conservation, can exhibit hidden \"quasiconservation laws\", in which\ncertain higher multipole moments can only decay due to dangerously irrelevant\ncorrections to hydrodynamics. We present two simple examples of this\nphenomenon. Firstly, an isotropic dipole-conserving fluid in the infinite plane\nconserves an infinite number of \"harmonic multipole charges\" within linear\nresponse; we calculate the decay or growth of these charges due to dangerously\nirrelevant nonlinearities. Secondly, we consider a model with $xy$ and\n$x^2-y^2$ quadrupole conservation, in addition to dipole conservation, which is\ndescribed by isotropic fourth-order subdiffusion, yet has dangerously\nirrelevant sixth-order corrections necessary to relax the harmonic multipole\ncharges. We confirm our predictions for the anomalously slow decay of the\nharmonic conserved charges in each setting by using numerical simulations, both\nof the nonlinear hydrodynamic differential equations, and in quantum automaton\ncircuits on a square lattice.",
        "positive": "On Properties of the Ising Model for Complex Energy/Temperature and\n  Magnetic Field: We study some properties of the Ising model in the plane of the complex\n(energy/temperature)-dependent variable $u=e^{-4K}$, where $K=J/(k_BT)$, for\nnonzero external magnetic field, $H$. Exact results are given for the phase\ndiagram in the $u$ plane for the model in one dimension and on infinite-length\nquasi-one-dimensional strips. In the case of real $h=H/(k_BT)$, these results\nprovide new insights into features of our earlier study of this case. We also\nconsider complex $h=H/(k_BT)$ and $\\mu=e^{-2h}$. Calculations of complex-$u$\nzeros of the partition function on sections of the square lattice are\npresented. For the case of imaginary $h$, i.e., $\\mu=e^{i\\theta}$, we use exact\nresults for the quasi-1D strips together with these partition function zeros\nfor the model in 2D to infer some properties of the resultant phase diagram in\nthe $u$ plane. We find that in this case, the phase boundary ${\\cal B}_u$\ncontains a real line segment extending through part of the physical\nferromagnetic interval $0 \\le u \\le 1$, with a right-hand endpoint $u_{rhe}$ at\nthe temperature for which the Yang-Lee edge singularity occurs at $\\mu=e^{\\pm\ni\\theta}$. Conformal field theory arguments are used to relate the\nsingularities at $u_{rhe}$ and the Yang-Lee edge."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact extremal statistics in the classical $1d$ Coulomb gas: We consider a one-dimensional classical Coulomb gas of $N$ like-charges in a\nharmonic potential -- also known as the one-dimensional one-component plasma\n(1dOCP). We compute analytically the probability distribution of the position\n$x_{\\max}$ of the rightmost charge in the limit of large $N$. We show that the\ntypical fluctuations of $x_{\\max}$ around its mean are described by a\nnon-trivial scaling function, with asymmetric tails. This distribution is\ndifferent from the Tracy-Widom distribution of $x_{\\max}$ for the Dyson's\nlog-gas. We also compute the large deviation functions of $x_{\\max}$ explicitly\nand show that the system exhibits a third-order phase transition, as in the\nlog-gas. Our theoretical predictions are verified numerically.",
        "positive": "Random site percolation thresholds on square lattice for complex\n  neighborhoods containing sites up to the sixth coordination zone: The site percolation problem is one of the core topics in statistical\nphysics. Evaluation of the percolation threshold, which separates two phases\n(sometimes described as conducting and insulating), is useful for a range of\nproblems from core condensed matter to interdisciplinary application of\nstatistical physics in epidemiology or other transportation or connectivity\nproblems. In this paper with Newman--Ziff fast Monte Carlo algorithm and\nfinite-size scaling theory the random site percolation thresholds $p_c$ for a\nsquare lattice with complex neighborhoods containing sites from the sixth\ncoordination zone are computed. Complex neighborhoods are those that contain\nsites from various coordination zones (which are not necessarily compact). We\nalso present the source codes of the appropriate procedures (written in C) to\nbe replaced in original Newman--Ziff code. Similar to results previously found\nfor the honeycomb lattice, the percolation thresholds for complex neighborhoods\non a square lattice follow the power law $p_c(\\zeta)\\propto\\zeta^{-\\gamma_2}$\nwith $\\gamma_2=0.5454(60)$, where $\\zeta=\\sum_i z_i r_i$ is the weighted\ndistance of sites in complex neighborhoods ($r_i$ and $z_i$ are the distance\nfrom the central site and the number of sites in the coordination zone $i$,\nrespectively)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How to Compute Loop Corrections to Bethe Approximation: We introduce a method for computing corrections to Bethe approximation for\nspin models on arbitrary lattices. Unlike cluster variational methods, the new\napproach takes into account fluctuations on all length scales.\n  The derivation of the leading correction is explained and applied to two\nsimple examples: the ferromagnetic Ising model on d-dimensional lattices, and\nthe spin glass on random graphs (both in their high-temperature phases). In the\nfirst case we rederive the well-known Ginzburg criterion and the upper critical\ndimension. In the second, we compute finite-size corrections to the free\nenergy.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic fermion-boson symmetry in harmonic oscillator potentials: A remarkable thermodynamic fermion-boson symmetry is found for the canonical\nensemble of ideal quantum gases in harmonic oscillator potentials of odd\ndimensions. The bosonic partition function is related to the fermionic one\nextended to negative temperatures, and vice versa."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fermionization and bosonization of expanding 1D anyonic fluids: The momentum distribution of an expanding cloud of one-dimensional hard-core\nanyons is studied by an exact numerical approach, and shown to become\nindistinguishable from that of a non-interacting spin-polarized Fermi gas for\nlarge enough times (dynamical fermionization). We also consider the expansion\nof one-dimensional anyons with strongly attractive short-range interactions\nsuddenly released from a parabolic external potential, and find that momentum\ndistribution approaches that of its dual system, the ideal Bose gas (dynamical\nbosonization). For both processes the characteristic time scales are\nidentified, and the effect of the initial confinement is analyzed comparing the\ndynamics associated with both harmonic and hard-wall traps.",
        "positive": "On the apparent failure of the topological theory of phase transitions: The topological theory of phase transitions has its strong point in two\ntheorems proving that, for a wide class of physical systems, phase transitions\nnecessarily stem from topological changes of some submanifolds of configuration\nspace. It has been recently argued that the $2D$ lattice $\\phi^4$-model\nprovides a counterexample that falsifies this theory. It is here shown that\nthis is not the case: the phase transition of this model stems from an\nasymptotic ($N\\to\\infty$) change of topology of the energy level sets, in spite\nof the absence of critical points of the potential in correspondence of the\ntransition energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy of Factorized Snapshot Data for Two-Dimensional Classical Spin\n  Models: We reexamine the snapshot entropy of the Ising and three-states Potts models\non the LxL square lattice. Focusing on the factorization of the snapshot\nmatrix, we find that the entropy at Tc scales asymptotically as S=(c/3)lnL\nconsistent with the entanglement entropy in one-dimensional quantum critical\nsystems. This nontrivial consistency strongly supports that the snapshot\nentropy after the factorization really represents the holographic entanglement\nentropy. On the other hand, the anomalous scaling for the coarse-grained\nsnpshot entropy is retained even after the factorization. These fearures are\nconsidered to originate from the fact that the largest singular value of the\nsnapshot matrix is regulated by the factorization.",
        "positive": "Closed virial equations for hard parallel cubes and squares: A correlation between maxima in virial coefficients (Bn), and \"kissing\"\nnumbers for hard hyper-spheres up to dimension D=5, indicates a virial equation\nand close-packing relationship. Known virial coefficients up to B7, both for\nhard parallel cubes and squares, indicate that the limiting differences\nBn-B(n-1) behave similar to spheres and disks, in the respective expansions\nrelative to maximum close packing. In all cases, the increment Bn-B(n-1) will\napproach a negative constant with similar functional form in each dimension.\nThis observation enables closed-virial equations-of-state for cubes and squares\nto be obtained. In both the 3D and 2D cases, the virial pressures begin to\ndeviate from MD thermodynamic pressures at densities well-below\ncrystallization. These results consolidate the general conclusion, from\nprevious papers on spheres and disks, that the Mayer cluster expansion cannot\nrepresent the thermodynamic fluid phases up to freezing as commonly assumed in\nstatistical theories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The statistics of mesoscopic systems and the physical interpretation of\n  extensive and non-extensive entropies: The postulates of thermodynamics were originally formulated for macroscopic\nsystems. They lead to the definition of the entropy, which, for a homogeneous\nsystem, is a homogeneous function of order one in the extensive variables and\nis maximized at equilibrium. We say that the macroscopic systems are extensive\nand so it is also the entropy. For a mesoscopic system, by definition, the size\nand the contacts with other systems influence its thermodynamic properties and\ntherefore, if we define an entropy, this cannot be a homogeneous of order one\nfunction in the extensive variables. So, mesoscopic systems and their entropies\nare non-extensive. While for macroscopic systems and homogeneous entropies the\nequilibrium conditions are clearly defined, it is not so clear how the\nnon-extensive entropies should be applied for the calculation of equilibrium\nproperties of mesoscopic systems--for example it is not clear what is the role\nplayed by the boundaries and the contacts between the subsystems. We propose\nhere a general definition of the entropy in the equilibrium state, which is\napplicable to both, macroscopic and mesoscopic systems. This definition still\nleaves an apparent ambiguity in the definition of the entropy of a mesoscopic\nsystem, but this we recognize as the signature of the anthropomorphic character\nof the entropy (see Jaynes, Am. J. Phys. 33, 391, 1965).\n  To exemplify our approach, we analyze four formulas for the entropy (two for\nextensive and two for non-extensive entropies) and calculate the equilibrium\n(canonical) distribution of probabilities by two methods for each. We show that\nthese methods, although widely used, are not equivalent and one of them is a\nconsequence of our definition of the entropy of a compound system.",
        "positive": "Calculation of the separation streamlines of barchans and transverse\n  dunes: We use FLUENT to calculate the wind profile over barchans and transverse\ndunes. The form of the streamlines of flow separation at the lee side of the\ndunes is determined for a symmetric barchan dune in three dimensions, and for\nthe height profile of a measured transverse dune field in the Len\\c{c}\\'ois\nMaranhenses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The central role of entropy in adiabatic ensembles and its application\n  to phase transitions in the grand-isobaric adiabatic ensemble: Entropy has become increasingly central to characterize, understand and even\nguide assembly, self-organization and phase transition processes. In this work,\nwe build on the analogous role of partition functions (or free energies) in\nisothermal ensembles and that of entropy in adiabatic ensembles. In particular,\nwe show that the grand-isobaric adiabatic $(\\mu,P,R)$ ensemble, or Ray\nensemble, provides a direct route to determine the entropy. This allows us to\nfollow the variations of entropy with the thermodynamic conditions and thus to\nexplore phase transitions. We test this approach by carrying out Monte Carlo\nsimulations on Argon and Copper in bulk phases and at phase boundaries and\nassess the reliability and accuracy of the method through comparisons with the\nresults from flat-histogram simulations in isothermal ensembles and with the\nexperimental data. Advantages of the approach are multifold and include the\ndirect determination of the $\\mu-P$ relation, without any evaluation of\npressure via the virial expression, the precise control of the system size and\nof the number of atoms via the input value of $R$, and the straightforward\ncomputation of enthalpy differences for isentropic processes, which are key\nquantities to determine the efficiency of thermodynamic cycles. A new insight\nbrought by these simulations is the highly symmetric pattern exhibited by both\nsystems along the transition, as shown by scaled temperature-entropy and\npressure-entropy plots.",
        "positive": "Bose-Einstein Condensation for an Exponential Density of States Function\n  and Lerch Zeta Function: I show how Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in a non interacting bosonic\nsystem with exponential density of states function yields to a new class of\nLerch zeta functions. By looking on the critical temperature, I suggest that a\npossible strategy to prove the \"Riemann hypothesis\" problem. In a theorem and a\nlemma I suggested that the classical limit $\\hbar\\to 0$ of BEC can be used as a\ntool to find zeros of real part of the Riemann zeta function with complex\nargument. It reduces the Riemann hypothesis to a softer form. Furthermore I\npropose a pair of creation-annihilation operators for BEC phenomena. This set\nof creation-annihilation operators is defined on a complex Hilbert space. They\nbuild a set up to interpret this type of BEC as a creation-annihilation\nphenomenon for a virtual hypothetical particle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous long-range correlations at a non-equilibrium phase transition: Non-equilibrium diffusive systems are known to exhibit long-range\ncorrelations, which decay like the inverse 1/L of the system size L in one\ndimension. Here, taking the example of the ABC model, we show that this size\ndependence becomes anomalous (the decay becomes a non-integer power of L) when\nthe diffusive system approaches a second-order phase transition.\n  This power-law decay as well as the L-dependence of the time-time\ncorrelations can be understood in terms of the dynamics of the amplitude of the\nfirst Fourier mode of the particle densities. This amplitude evolves according\nto a Langevin equation in a quartic potential, which was introduced in a\nprevious work to explain the anomalous behavior of the cumulants of the current\nnear this second-order phase transition. Here we also compute some of the\ncumulants away from the transition and show that they become singular as the\ntransition is approached.",
        "positive": "Eigenstate Randomization Hypothesis: Why Does the Long-Time Average\n  Equal the Microcanonical Average?: We derive an upper bound on the difference between the long-time average and\nthe microcanonical ensemble average of observables in isolated quantum systems.\nWe propose, numerically verify, and analytically support a new hypothesis,\neigenstate randomization hypothesis (ERH), which implies that in the energy\neigenbasis the diagonal elements of observables fluctuate randomly. We show\nthat ERH includes eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) and makes the\naforementioned bound vanishingly small. Moreover, ERH is applicable to\nintegrable systems for which ETH breaks down. We argue that the range of the\nvalidity of ERH determines that of the microcanonical description."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The effect of quantum fluctuations on the coloring of random graphs: We present a study of the coloring problem (antiferromagnetic Potts model) of\nrandom regular graphs, submitted to quantum fluctuations induced by a\ntransverse field, using the quantum cavity method and quantum Monte-Carlo\nsimulations. We determine the order of the quantum phase transition encountered\nat low temperature as a function of the transverse field and discuss the\nstructure of the quantum spin glass phase. In particular, we conclude that the\nquantum adiabatic algorithm would fail to solve efficiently typical instances\nof these problems because of avoided level crossings within the quantum spin\nglass phase, caused by a competition between energetic and entropic effects.",
        "positive": "Scaling and front dynamics in Ising quantum chains: We study the relaxation dynamics of a quantum Ising chain initially prepared\nin a product of canonical states corresponding each to an equilibrium state of\npart of the chain at a given temperature. We focus our attention on the\ntransverse magnetization for which a general expression is given. Explicite\nresults are given for the completely factorized initial state, corresponding to\na situation where all the spins are thermalized independently, and for the\ntwo-temperatures initial state, where part of the chain called the system is\nthermalized at a temperature $T_s$ and the remaining part is at a temperature\n$T_b$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dimensional crossover and the link between thermodynamics and dynamics:\n  the case of Ising models at complex temperature: We study dimensional crossover in Ising systems at complex temperatures by\ncomparing three types of system: the infinite isotropic 2D Ising model; the\ninfinite anisotropic 2D Ising model; and Ising ladders with a finite number of\nlegs. In particular we present evidence, from both tensor-network calculations\nand numerical evaluations based on the exact solution of the model, that the\ninfinite anisotropic 2D Ising model exhibits long-range spatially modulated\nmagnetization in certain regions of the complex-temperature plane. We discuss\nthe physics of the special unitary points that exists in the\ncomplex-temperature plane, and their connections to the theory of quantum\ninformation processing.",
        "positive": "A network-of-networks model for physical networks: Physical networks are made of nodes and links that are physical objects\nembedded in a geometric space. Understanding how the mutual volume exclusion\nbetween these elements affects the structure and function of physical networks\ncalls for a suitable generalization of network theory. Here, we introduce a\nnetwork-of-networks framework where we describe the shape of each extended\nphysical node as a network embedded in space and these networks are bound\ntogether by physical links. Relying on this representation, we model the growth\nof physical networks, showing for a general class of systems that volume\nexclusion induces heterogeneity in both node volume and degree, with the two\nbecoming correlated. These emergent structural properties strongly affect the\ndynamics on physical networks: by calculating their Laplacian spectrum as a\nfunction of the coupling strength between the nodes we show that volume-degree\ncorrelations suppress the tail of the spectrum. Finally, we apply our\ntheoretical framework to a large-scale three-dimensional map of a fruit fly\nbrain, finding analog behavior with the networks generated by our growth model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Selective excitation of homogeneous spectral lines: It is possible, for homogeneously broadened lines, to excite selectively the\nresponse signals, which are orders of magnitude narrower than the original\nlines. The new type of echo, which allows detecting such signals, and the\nformalism, useful for understanding the phenomenon, as well as the experimental\nexamples from NMR spectroscopy are presented.",
        "positive": "Full absorption statistics of diffusing particles with exclusion: Suppose that an infinite lattice gas of constant density $n_0$, whose\ndynamics are described by the symmetric simple exclusion process, is brought in\ncontact with a spherical absorber of radius $R$. Employing the macroscopic\nfluctuation theory and assuming the additivity principle, we evaluate the\nprobability distribution ${\\mathcal P}(N)$ that $N$ particles are absorbed\nduring a long time $T$. The limit of $N=0$ corresponds to the survival problem,\nwhereas $N\\gg \\bar{N}$ describes the opposite extreme. Here $\\bar{N}=4\\pi R D_0\nn_0 T$ is the \\emph{average} number of absorbed particles (in three\ndimensions), and $D_0$ is the gas diffusivity. For $n_0\\ll 1$ the exclusion\neffects are negligible, and ${\\mathcal P}(N)$ can be approximated, for not too\nlarge $N$, by the Poisson distribution with mean $\\bar{N}$. For finite $n_0$,\n${\\mathcal P}(N)$ is non-Poissonian. We show that $-\\ln{\\mathcal P}(N) \\simeq\nn_0 N^2/\\bar{N}$ at $N\\gg \\bar{N}$. At sufficiently large $N$ and $n_0<1/2$ the\nmost likely density profile of the gas, conditional on the absorption of $N$\nparticles, is non-monotonic in space. We also establish a close connection\nbetween this problem and that of statistics of current in finite open systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Zero-range processes with saturated condensation: the steady state and\n  dynamics: We study a class of zero-range processes in which the real-space condensation\nphenomenon does not occur and is replaced by a saturated condensation: that is,\nan extensive number of finite-size \"condensates\" in the steady state. We\ndetermine the conditions under which this occurs, and investigate the dynamics\nof relaxation to the steady state. We identify two stages: a rapid initial\ngrowth of condensates followed by a slow process of activated evaporation and\ncondensation. We analyze these nonequilibrium dynamics with a combination of\nmeanfield approximations, first-passage time calculations and a\nfluctuation-dissipation type approach.",
        "positive": "Matrix Ansatz for the Fluctuations of the Current in the ASEP with Open\n  Boundaries: The Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process is one of the most extensively\nstudied models in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. The macroscopic\nparticle current produced in its steady state is directly related to the\nbreaking of detailed balance, and is therefore a physical quantity of\nparticular interest. In this paper, we build a matrix product Ansatz which\nallows to access the exact statistics of the fluctuations of that current for\nfinite sizes, as well as the probabilities of configurations conditioned on the\nmean current. We also show how this Ansatz can be used for the periodic ASEP,\nand how it translates in the language of the XXZ spin chain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fracture strength of disordered media: Universality, interactions and\n  tail asymptotics: We study the asymptotic properties of fracture strength distributions of\ndisordered elastic media by a combination of renormalization group, extreme\nvalue theory, and numerical simulation. We investigate the validity of the\n`weakest-link hypothesis' in the presence of realistic long-ranged interactions\nin the random fuse model. Numerical simulations indicate that the fracture\nstrength is well described by the Duxbury-Leath-Beale (DLB) distribution which\nis shown to flow asymptotically to the Gumbel distribution. We explore the\nrelation between the extreme value distributions and the DLB type asymptotic\ndistributions, and show that the universal extreme value forms may not be\nappropriate to describe the non-universal low-strength tail.",
        "positive": "Experimental evidence of non-Gaussian fluctuations near a critical point: The orientation fluctuations of the director of a liquid crystal are\nmeasured, by a sensitive polarization interferometer, close to the\nFr\\'eedericksz transition, which is a second order transition driven by an\nelectric field. We show that near the critical value of the field the spatially\naveraged order parameter has a generalized Gumbel distribution instead of a\nGaussian one. The latter is recovered away from the critical point. The\nrelevance of slow modes is pointed out. The parameter of generalized Gumbel is\nrelated to the effective number of degrees of freedom."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The rigorous solution for the average distance of a Sierpinski network: The closed-form solution for the average distance of a deterministic\nnetwork--Sierpinski network--is found. This important quantity is calculated\nexactly with the help of recursion relations, which are based on the\nself-similar network structure and enable one to derive the precise formula\nanalytically. The obtained rigorous solution confirms our previous numerical\nresult, which shows that the average distance grows logarithmically with the\nnumber of network nodes. The result is at variance with that derived from\nrandom networks.",
        "positive": "Topologically Linked Polymers are Anyon Systems: We consider the statistical mechanics of a system of topologically linked\npolymers, such as for instance a dense solution of polymer rings. If the\npossible topological states of the system are distinguished using the Gauss\nlinking number as a topological invariant, the partition function of an\nensemble of N closed polymers coincides with the 2N point function of a field\ntheory containing a set of N complex replica fields and Abelian Chern-Simons\nfields. Thanks to this mapping to field theories, some quantitative predictions\non the behavior of topologically entangled polymers have been obtained by\nexploiting perturbative techniques. In order to go beyond perturbation theory,\na connection between polymers and anyons is established here. It is shown in\nthis way that the topological forces which maintain two polymers in a given\ntopological configuration have both attractive and repulsive components. When\nthese opposite components reach a sort of equilibrium, the system finds itself\nin a self-dual point similar to that which, in the Landau-Ginzburg model for\nsuperconductors, corresponds to the transition from type I to type II\nsuperconductivity. The significance of self-duality in polymer physics is\nillustrated considering the example of the so-called $4-plat$ configurations,\nwhich are of interest in the biochemistry of DNA processes like replication,\ntranscription and recombination. The case of static vortex solutions of the\nEuler-Lagrange equations is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Is order-by-disorder present or absent in a highly frustrated region of\n  the spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model on triangulated Husimi lattices?: The geometrically frustrated spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model on triangulated\nHusimi lattices is exactly solved by combining the generalized star-triangle\ntransformation with the method of exact recursion relations. The ground-state\nand finite-temperature phase diagrams are rigorously calculated along with both\nsublattice magnetizations of the Ising and Heisenberg spins. It is evidenced\nthat the Ising-Heisenberg model on triangulated Husimi lattices with two or\nthree inter-connected triangles-in-triangles units displays in a highly\nfrustrated region a quantum disorder irrespective of temperature, whereas the\nsame model on triangulated Husimi lattices with a greater connectivity of\ntriangles-in-triangles units exhibits at low enough temperatures an outstanding\nquantum order due to the order-by-disorder mechanism. The quantum reduction of\nboth sublattice magnetizations in the peculiar quantum ordered state gradually\ndiminishes with increasing the coordination number of underlying Husimi\nlattice.",
        "positive": "Network Mutual Information and Synchronization under Time\n  Transformations: We investigate the effect of general time transformations on the phase\nsynchronization (PS) phenomenon and the mutual information rate (MIR) between\npairs of nodes in dynamical networks. We demonstrate two important results\nconcerning the invariance of both PS and the MIR. Under time transformations PS\ncan neither be introduced nor destroyed and the MIR cannot be raised from zero.\nOn the other hand, for proper time transformations the timing between the\ncycles of the coupled oscillators can be largely improved. Finally, we discuss\nthe relevance of our findings for communication in dynamical networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wetting transition on a one-dimensional disorder: We consider wetting of a one-dimensional random walk on a half-line $x\\ge 0$\nin a short-ranged potential located at the origin $x=0$. We demonstrate\nexplicitly how the presence of a quenched chemical disorder affects the\npinning-depinning transition point. For small disorders we develop a\nperturbative technique which enables us to compute explicitly the averaged\ntemperature (energy) of the pinning transition. For strong disorder we compute\nthe transition point both numerically and using the renormalization group\napproach. Our consideration is based on the following idea: the random\npotential can be viewed as a periodic potential with the period $n$ in the\nlimit $n\\to\\infty$. The advantage of our approach stems from the ability to\nintegrate exactly over all spatial degrees of freedoms in the model and to\nreduce the initial problem to the analysis of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of\nsome special non-Hermitian random matrix with disorder--dependent diagonal and\nconstant off-diagonal coefficients. We show that even for strong disorder the\nshift of the averaged pinning point of the random walk in the ensemble of\nrandom realizations of substrate disorder is indistinguishable from the pinning\npoint of the system with preaveraged (i.e. annealed) Boltzmann weight.",
        "positive": "Localization in non-Hermitian quantum mechanics and flux-line pinning in\n  superconductors: A recent development in studies of random non-Hermitian quantum systems is\nreviewed. Delocalization was found to occur under a sufficiently large constant\nimaginary vector potential even in one and two dimensions. The phenomenon has a\nphysical realization as flux-line depinning in type-II superconductors.\nRelations between the delocalization transition and the complex energy spectrum\nof the non-Hermitian systems are described. Analytical and numerical results\nobtained for a non-Hermitian Anderson model are shown."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractal geometry, information growth and nonextensive thermodynamics: This is a study of the information evolution of complex systems by\ngeometrical consideration. We look at chaotic systems evolving in fractal phase\nspace. The entropy change in time due to the fractal geometry is assimilated to\nthe information growth through the scale refinement. Due to the incompleteness\nof the state number counting at any scale on fractal support, the incomplete\nnormalization $\\sum_ip_i^q=1$ is applied throughout the paper, where $q$ is the\nfractal dimension divided by the dimension of the smooth Euclidean space in\nwhich the fractal structure of the phase space is embedded. It is shown that\nthe information growth is nonadditive and is proportional to the trace-form\n$\\sum_ip_i-\\sum_ip_i^q$ which can be connected to several nonadditive\nentropies. This information growth can be extremized to give power law\ndistributions for these non-equilibrium systems. It can also be used for the\nstudy of the thermodynamics derived from Tsallis entropy for nonadditive\nsystems which contain subsystems each having its own $q$. It is argued that,\nwithin this thermodynamics, the Stefan-Boltzmann law of blackbody radiation can\nbe preserved.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation-dissipation relations and critical quenches in the\n  transverse field Ising chain: Dynamic correlation and response functions of classical and quantum systems\nin thermal equilibrium are connected by fluctuation-dissipation theorems, which\nallow an alternative definition of their (unique) temperature. Motivated by\nthis fundamental property, we revisit the issue of thermalization of closed\nmany-body quantum systems long after a sudden quench, focussing on the\nnon-equilibrium dynamics of the Ising chain in a critical transverse field. We\nshow the emergence of distinct observable-dependent effective temperatures,\nwhich rule out Gibbs thermalization in a strict sense but might still have a\nthermodynamic meaning."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium static diverging length scales on approaching a\n  prototypical model glassy state: Maximally random jammed states of hard spheres are prototypical glasses. We\nstudy the small wavenumber $k$ behavior of the structure factor $S(k)$ of\novercompressed million-sphere packings as a function of density up to the\njammed state. We find both a precursor to the glassy jammed state evident long\nbefore the jamming density is reached and an associated growing length scale,\nextracted from the volume integral of the direct correlation function $c(r)$,\nwhich diverges at the \"critical\" jammed state. We also define a nonequilibrium\nindex $X$ and use it to demonstrate that the packings studied are intrinsically\nnonequilibrium in nature well before the critical point is reached.",
        "positive": "Thermal conductivity in harmonic lattices with random collisions: We review recent rigorous mathematical results about the macroscopic\nbehaviour of harmonic chains with the dynamics perturbed by a random exchange\nof velocities between nearest neighbor particles. The random exchange models\nthe effects of nonlinearities of anharmonic chains and the resulting dynamics\nhave similar macroscopic behaviour. In particular there is a superdiffusion of\nenergy for unpinned acoustic chains. The corresponding evolution of the\ntemperature profile is governed by a fractional heat equation. In non-acoustic\nchains we have normal diffusivity, even if momentum is conserved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Market price simulator based on analog electrical circuit: We constructed an analog electrical circuit which generates fluctuations in\nwhich probability density function has power law tails. In the circuit\nfluctuations with an arbitrary exponent of the power law can be obtained by\nadjusting the resistance. With this low cost circuit the random fluctuations\nwhich have the similar statistics to foreign exchang rates can be generated as\nfast as an expensive digital computer.",
        "positive": "Solving the one-dimensional Ising chain via mathematical induction: An\n  intuitive approach to the transfer matrix: The aim of this work is to present a formulation to solve the one-dimensional\nIsing model using the elementary technique of mathematical induction. This\nformulation is physically clear and leads to the same partition function form\nas the transfer matrix method, which is a common subject in the introductory\ncourses of statistical mechanics. In this way our formulation is a useful tool\nto complement the traditional more abstract transfer matrix method. The method\ncan be straightforwardly generalized to other short-range chains, coupled\nchains and is also computationally friendly. These two approaches provide a\nmore complete understanding of the system, and therefore our work can be of\nbroad interest for undergraduate teaching in statistical mechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Revision of the fractional exclusion statistics: I discuss the concept of fractional exclusion statistics (FES) and I show\nthat in order to preserve the thermodynamic consistency of the formalism, the\nexclusion statistics parameters should change if the species of particles in\nthe system are divided into subspecies. Using a simple and intuitive model I\ndeduce the general equations that have to be obeyed by the exlcusion statistics\nparameters in any FES system.",
        "positive": "Dynamic Critical Phenomena of Polymer Solutions: Recently, a systematic experiment measuring critical anomaly of viscosity of\npolymer solutions has been reported by H. Tanaka and his co-workers\n(Phys.Rev.E, 65, 021802, (2002)). According to their experiments, the dynamic\ncritical exponent of viscosity y_c drastically decreases with increasing the\nmolecular weight. In this article the kinetic coefficients renormalized by the\nnon-linear hydrodynamic interaction are calculated by the mode coupling theory.\nWe predict that the critical divergence of viscosity should be suppressed with\nincreasing the molecular weight. The diffusion constant and the dynamic\nstructure factor are also calculated. The present results explicitly show that\nthe critical dynamics of polymer solutions should be affected by an extra\nspatio-temporal scale intrinsic to polymer solutions, and are consistent with\nthe experiment of Tanaka, et al."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two network Kuramoto-Sakaguchi model under tempered stable L\u00e9vy noise: We examine a model of two interacting populations of phase oscillators\nlabelled `Blue' and `Red'. To this we apply tempered stable L\\'{e}vy noise, a\ngeneralisation of Gaussian noise where the heaviness of the tails parametrised\nby a power law exponent $\\alpha$ can be controlled by a tempering parameter\n$\\lambda$. This system models competitive dynamics, where each population seeks\nboth internal phase synchronisation and a phase advantage with respect to the\nother population, subject to exogenous stochastic shocks. We study the system\nfrom an analytic and numerical point of view to understand how the phase lag\nvalues and the shape of the noise distribution can lead to steady or noisy\nbehaviour. Comparing the analytic and numerical studies shows that the bulk\nbehaviour of the system can be effectively described by dynamics in the\npresence of tilted ratchet potentials. Generally, changes in $\\alpha$ away from\nthe Gaussian noise limit, $1< \\alpha < 2$, disrupts the locking between Blue\nand Red, while increasing $\\lambda$ acts to restore it. However we observe that\nwith further decreases of $\\alpha$ to small values, $\\alpha\\ll 1$, with\n$\\lambda\\neq 0$, locking between Blue and Red may be restored. This is seen\nanalytically in a restoration of metastability through the ratchet mechanism,\nand numerically in transitions between periodic and noisy regions in a fitness\nlandscape using a measure of noise. This non-monotonic transition back to an\nordered regime is surprising for a linear variation of a parameter such as the\npower law exponent and provides a novel mechanism for guiding the collective\nbehaviour of such a complex competitive dynamical system.",
        "positive": "Random growth lattice filling model of percolation: a crossover from\n  continuous to discontinuous transition: A random growth lattice filling model of percolation with touch and stop\ngrowth rule is developed and studied numerically on a two dimensional square\nlattice. Nucleation centers are continuously added one at a time to the empty\nsites and the clusters are grown from these nucleation centers with a tunable\ngrowth probability g. As the growth probability g is varied from 0 to 1 two\ndistinct regimes are found to occur. For g\\le 0.5, the model exhibits\ncontinuous percolation transitions as ordinary percolation whereas for g\\ge 0.8\nthe model exhibits discontinuous percolation transitions. The discontinuous\ntransition is characterized by discontinuous jump in the order parameter,\ncompact spanning cluster and absence of power law scaling of cluster size\ndistribution. Instead of a sharp tricritical point, a tricritical region is\nfound to occur for 0.5 < g < 0.8 within which the values of the critical\nexponents change continuously till the crossover from continuous to\ndiscontinuous transition is completed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady state of Stochastic Sandpile Models: We study the steady state of the abelian sandpile models with stochastic\ntoppling rules. The particle addition operators commute with each other, but in\ngeneral these operators need not be diagonalizable. We use their abelian\nalgebra to determine their eigenvalues, and the Jordan block structure. These\nare then used to determine the probability of different configurations in the\nsteady state. We illustrate this procedure by explicitly determining the\nnumerically exact steady state for a one dimensional example, for systems of\nsize $\\le12$, and also study the density profile in the steady state.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium coupled Brownian phase oscillators: A model of globally coupled phase oscillators under equilibrium (driven by\nGaussian white noise) and nonequilibrium (driven by symmetric dichotomic\nfluctuations) is studied. For the equilibrium system, the mean-field state\nequation takes a simple form and the stability of its solution is examined in\nthe full space of order parameters. For the nonequilbrium system, various\nasymptotic regimes are obtained in a closed analytical form. In a general case,\nthe corresponding master equations are solved numerically. Moreover, the\nMonte-Carlo simulations of the coupled set of Langevin equations of motion is\nperformed. The phase diagram of the nonequilibrium system is presented. For the\nlong time limit, we have found four regimes. Three of them can be obtained from\nthe mean-field theory. One of them, the oscillating regime, cannot be predicted\nby the mean-field method and has been detected in the Monte-Carlo numerical\nexperiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Construction and Optimization of the Quantum Analog of Carnot Cycles: The quantum analog of Carnot cycles in few-particle systems consists of two\nquantum adiabatic steps and two isothermal steps. This construction is formally\njustified by use of a minimum work principle. It is then shown, without relying\non any microscopic interpretations of work or heat, that the heat-to-work\nefficiency of the quantum Carnot cycle thus constructed may be further\noptimized, provided that two conditions regarding the expectation value of some\ngeneralized force operators evaluated at equilibrium states are satisfied. In\ngeneral the optimized efficiency is system-specific, lower than the Carnot\nefficiency, and dependent upon both temperatures of the cold and hot\nreservoirs. Simple computational examples are used to illustrate our theory.\nThe results should be an important guide towards the design of favorable\nworking conditions of a realistic quantum heat engine.",
        "positive": "Insights into Phase Transitions and Entanglement from Density Functional\n  Theory: Density functional theory has made great success in solid state physics,\nquantum chemistry and in computational material sciences. In this work we show\nthat density functional theory could shed light on phase transitions and\nentanglement at finite temperatures. Specifically, we show that the equilibrium\nstate of an interacting quantum many-body system which is in thermal\nequilibrium with a heat bath at a fixed temperature is a universal functional\nof the first derivatives of the free energy with respect to temperature and\nother control parameters respectively. This insight from density functional\ntheory enables us to express the average value of any physical observable and\nany entanglement measure as a universal functional of the first derivatives of\nthe free energy with respect to temperature and other control parameters. Since\nphase transitions are marked by the nonanalytic behavior of free energy with\nrespect to control parameters, the physical quantities and entanglement\nmeasures may present nonanalytic behavior at critical point inherited from\ntheir dependence on the first derivative of free energy. We use an\nexperimentally realizable model to demonstrate the idea. These results give new\ninsights for phase transitions and provide new profound connections between\nentanglement and phase transition in interacting quantum many-body physics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reconstructing Interaction Potentials in Thin Films from Real-Space\n  Images: We demonstrate that an inverse Monte Carlo approach allows to reconstruct\neffective interaction potentials from real-space images. The method is\nexemplified on monomolecular ethanol-water films imaged with scanning force\nmicroscopy (SFM), which provides the spatial distribution of the molecules.\nDirect Monte Carlo simulations with the reconstructed potential allow for\nobtaining characteristics of the system which are unavailable in the\nexperiment, such as the heat capacity of the monomolecularly thin film, and for\na prediction of the critical temperature of the demixing transition.",
        "positive": "Spin noise of itinerant fermions: We develop a theory of spin noise spectroscopy of itinerant, noninteracting,\nspin-carrying fermions in different regimes of temperature and disorder. We use\nkinetic equations for the density matrix in spin variables. We find a general\nresult with a clear physical interpretation, and discuss its dependence on\ntemperature, the size of the system, and applied magnetic field. We consider\ntwo classes of experimental probes: 1. electron-spin-resonance (ESR)-type\nmeasurements, in which the probe response to a uniform magnetization increases\nlinearly with the volume sampled, and 2. optical Kerr/Faraday rotation-type\nmeasurements, in which the probe response to a uniform magnetization increases\nlinearly with the length of the light propagation in the sample, but is\nindependent of the cross section of the light beam. Our theory provides a\nframework for interpreting recent experiments on atomic gases and conduction\nelectrons in semiconductors and provides a baseline for identifying the effects\nof interactions on spin noise spectroscopy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discrepancy between sub-critical and fast rupture roughness: a cumulant\n  analysis: We study the roughness of a crack interface in a sheet of paper. We\ndistinguish between slow (sub-critical) and fast crack growth regimes. We show\nthat the fracture roughness is different in the two regimes using a new method\nbased on a multifractal formalism recently developed in the turbulence\nliterature. Deviations from monofractality also appear to be different in both\nregimes.",
        "positive": "Origin of the singular Bethe ansatz solutions for the Heisenberg XXZ\n  spin chain: We investigate symmetry properties of the Bethe ansatz wave functions for the\nHeisenberg $XXZ$ spin chain. The $XXZ$ Hamiltonian commutes simultaneously with\nthe shift operator $T$ and the lattice inversion operator $V$ in the space of\n$\\Omega=\\pm 1$ with $\\Omega$ the eigenvalue of $T$. We show that the Bethe\nansatz solutions with normalizable wave functions cannot be the eigenstates of\n$T$ and $V$ with quantum number $(\\Omega,\\Upsilon)=(\\pm 1,\\mp 1)$ where\n$\\Upsilon$ is the eigenvalue of $V$. Therefore the Bethe ansatz wave functions\nshould be singular for nondegenerate eigenstates of the Hamiltonian with\nquantum number $(\\Omega,\\Upsilon)=(\\pm 1,\\mp 1)$. It is also shown that such\nstates exist in any nontrivial down-spin number sector and that the number of\nthem diverges exponentially with the chain length."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Site-bond representation and self-duality for totalistic probabilistic\n  cellular automata: We study the one-dimensional two-state totalistic probabilistic cellular\nautomata (TPCA) having an absorbing state with long-range interactions, which\ncan be considered as a natural extension of the Domany-Kinzel model. We\nestablish the conditions for existence of a site-bond representation and\nself-dual property. Moreover we present an expression of a set-to-set\nconnectedness between two sets, a matrix expression for a condition of the\nself-duality, and a convergence theorem for the TPCA.",
        "positive": "Different thresholds of bond percolation in scale-free networks with\n  identical degree sequence: Generally, the threshold of percolation in complex networks depends on the\nunderlying structural characterization. However, what topological property\nplays a predominant role is still unknown, despite the speculation of some\nauthors that degree distribution is a key ingredient. The purpose of this paper\nis to show that power-law degree distribution itself is not sufficient to\ncharacterize the threshold of bond percolation in scale-free networks. To\nachieve this goal, we first propose a family of scale-free networks with the\nsame degree sequence and obtain by analytical or numerical means several\ntopological features of the networks. Then, by making use of the\nrenormalization group technique we determine the threshold of bond percolation\nin our networks. We find an existence of non-zero thresholds and demonstrate\nthat these thresholds can be quite different, which implies that power-law\ndegree distribution does not suffice to characterize the percolation threshold\nin scale-free networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Trajectory phase transitions, Lee-Yang zeros, and high-order cumulants\n  in full counting statistics: We investigate Lee-Yang zeros of generating functions of dynamical\nobservables and establish a general relation between phase transitions in\nensembles of trajectories of stochastic many-body systems and the time\nevolution of high-order cumulants of such observables. This connects dynamical\nfree-energies for full counting statistics in the long-time limit, which can be\nobtained via large-deviation methods and whose singularities indicate dynamical\nphase transitions, to observables that are directly accessible in simulation\nand experiment. As an illustration we consider facilitated spin models of\nglasses and show that from the short-time behavior of high-order cumulants it\nis possible to infer the existence and location of dynamical or \"space-time\"\ntransitions in these systems.",
        "positive": "Universal broadening of the light cone in low-temperature transport: We consider the low-temperature transport properties of critical\none-dimensional systems which can be described, at equilibrium, by a Luttinger\nliquid. We focus on the prototypical setting where two semi-infinite chains are\nprepared in two thermal states at small but different temperatures and suddenly\njoined together. At large distances $x$ and times $t$, conformal field theory\ncharacterizes the energy transport in terms of a single light cone spreading at\nthe sound velocity $v$. Energy density and current take different constant\nvalues inside the light cone, on its left, and on its right, resulting in a\nthree-step form of the corresponding profiles as a function of $\\zeta=x/t$.\nHere, using a non-linear Luttinger liquid description, we show that for generic\nobservables this picture is spoiled as soon as a non-linearity in the spectrum\nis present. In correspondence of the transition points $x/t=\\pm v$ a novel\nuniversal region emerges at infinite times, whose width is proportional to the\ntemperatures on the two sides. In this region, expectation values have a\ndifferent temperature dependence and show smooth peaks as a function of\n$\\zeta$. We explicitly compute the universal function describing such peaks. In\nthe specific case of interacting integrable models, our predictions are\nanalytically recovered by the generalized hydrodynamic approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modeling molecular and ionic absolute solvation free energies with\n  quasi-chemical theory bounds: A recently developed statistical mechanical Quasi-Chemical Theory (QCT) has\nled to significant insights into solvation phenomena for both hydrophilic and\nhydrophobic solutes. The QCT exactly partitions solvation free energies into\nthree components: 1) inner-shell chemical, 2) outer-shell packing, and 3)\nouter-shell long-ranged contributions. In this paper, we discuss efficient\nmethods for computing each of the three parts of the free energy. A Bayesian\nestimation approach is developed to compute the inner-shell chemical and\nouter-shell packing contributions. We derive upper and lower bounds on the\nouter-shell long-ranged portion of the free energy by expressing this component\nin two equivalent ways. Local, high energy contacts between solute and solvent\nare eliminated by spatial conditioning in this free energy piece, leading to\nnear-Gaussian distributions of solute-solvent interactions energies. Thus, the\naverage of the two mean-field bounds yields an accurate and efficient free\nenergy estimate. Aqueous solvation free energy results are presented for\nseveral solutes, including methane, perfluoromethane, water, and the sodium and\nchloride ions. The results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the\nmethods. The approach should prove useful in computing solvation free energies\nin inhomogeneous, restricted environments.",
        "positive": "Normal Heat Conduction in a Chain with Weak Interparticle Anharmonic\n  Potential: We analytically study heat conduction in a chain with interparticle\ninteraction V(x)=lambda[1-cos(x)] and harmonic on-site potential. We start with\neach site of the system connected to a Langevin heat bath, and investigate the\ncase of small coupling for the interior sites in order to understand the\nbehavior of the system with thermal reservoirs at the boundaries only. We\nstudy, in a perturbative analysis, the heat current in the steady state of the\none-dimensional system with weak interparticle potential. We obtain an\nexpression for the thermal conductivity, compare the low and high temperature\nregimes, and show that, as we turn off the couplings with the interior heat\nbaths, there is a \"phase transition:'' the Fourier's law holds only at high\ntemperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium thermodynamics as a gauge theory: We assume that markovian dynamics on a finite graph enjoys a gauge symmetry\nunder local scalings of the probability density, derive the transformation law\nfor the transition rates and interpret the thermodynamic force as a gauge\npotential. A widely accepted expression for the total entropy production of a\nsystem arises as the simplest gauge-invariant completion of the time derivative\nof Gibbs's entropy. We show that transition rates can be given a simple\nphysical characterization in terms of locally-detailed-balanced heat\nreservoirs. It follows that Clausius's measure of irreversibility along a\ncyclic transformation is a geometric phase. In this picture, the gauge symmetry\narises as the arbitrariness in the choice of a prior probability. Thermostatics\ndepends on the information that is disposable to an observer; thermodynamics\ndoes not.",
        "positive": "Algebraic Correlation Function and Anomalous Diffusion in the HMF model: In the quasi-stationary states of the Hamiltonian Mean-Field model, we\nnumerically compute correlation functions of momenta and diffusion of angles\nwith homogeneous initial conditions. This is an example, in a N-body\nHamiltonian system, of anomalous transport properties characterized by non\nexponential relaxations and long-range temporal correlations. Kinetic theory\npredicts a striking transition between weak anomalous diffusion and strong\nanomalous diffusion. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with the\nquantitative predictions of the anomalous transport exponents. Noteworthy, also\nat statistical equilibrium, the system exhibits long-range temporal\ncorrelations: the correlation function is inversely proportional to time with a\nlogarithmic correction instead of the usually expected exponential decay,\nleading to weak anomalous transport properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Criticality and Superfluidity in liquid He-4 under Nonequilibrium\n  Conditions: We review a striking array of recent experiments, and their theoretical\ninterpretations, on the superfluid transition in $^4$He in the presence of a\nheat flux, $Q$. We define and evaluate a new set of critical point exponents.\nThe statics and dynamics of the superfluid-normal interface are discussed, with\nspecial attention to the role of gravity. If $Q$ is in the same direction as\ngravity, a self-organized state can arise, in which the entire sample has a\nuniform reduced temperature, on either the normal or superfluid side of the\ntransition. Finally, we review recent theory and experiment regarding the heat\ncapacity at constant $Q$. The excitement that surrounds this field arises from\nthe fact that advanced thermometry and the future availability of a\nmicrogravity experimental platform aboard the International Space Station will\nsoon open to experimental exploration decades of reduced temperature that were\npreviously inaccessible.",
        "positive": "The \"Coulomb phase\" in frustrated systems: The \"Coulomb phase\" is an emergent state for lattice models (particularly\nhighly frustrated antiferromagnets) which have local constraints that can be\nmapped to a divergence-free \"flux\". The coarse-grained version of this flux or\npolarization behave analogously to electric or magnetic fields; in particular,\ndefects at which the local constraint is violated behave as effective charges\nwith Coulomb interactions. I survey the derivation of the characteristic\npower-law correlation functions and the pinch-points in reciprocal space plots\nof diffuse scattering, as well as applications to magnetic relaxation,\nquantum-mechanical generalizations, phase transitions to long-range-ordered\nstates, and the effects of disorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Excitation relaxation in molecular chain and energy transfer at steady\n  state: We consider the reduced dynamics of a molecular chain weakly coupled to a\nphonon bath. With a small and constant inhomogeneity in the coupling, the\nexcitation relaxation rates are obtained in closed form. They are dominated by\ntransitions between exciton modes lying next to each other in the energy\nspectrum. The rates are quadratic in the number of sites in a long chain.\nConsequently, the evolution of site occupation numbers exhibits longer\ncoherence lifetime for short chains only. When external source and sink are\nadded, the rate equations of exciton occupation numbers are similar to those\nobtained earlier by Fr\\\"{o}hlich to explain energy storage and energy transfer\nin biological systems. There is a clear separation of time scale into a faster\none pertaining to internal influence of the chain and phonon bath, and a slower\none determined by external influence, such as the pumping rate of the source,\nthe absorption rate of the sink and the rate of radiation loss. The energy\ntransfer efficiency at steady state depends strongly on these external\nparameters, and is robust against a change in the internal parameters, such as\ntemperature and inhomogeneity. Excitations are predicted to concentrate to the\nlowest energy mode when the source power is sufficiently high. In the site\nbasis, this implies that when sustained by a high power source, a sink\npositioned at the center of the chain is more efficient in trapping energy than\na sink placed at its end. Analytic expressions of energy transfer efficiency\nare obtained in the high power and low power source limit. Parameters of a\nphotosynthetic system are used as examples to illustrate the results.",
        "positive": "Coulomb gas, dipoles and a generalization of the Debye-Hukkel\n  approximation through the path integral representation: The Coulomb gas partition sum is rewritten in terms of the path integrals\nformalism. It is shown that perturbation theories based on the Mayer expansion\nand on the path integrals method lead to the identical results. The well known\nDebye-Hukkel result for the case of 3D Coulomb plasma is completely rederived.\nAn analogous result is obtained for the case of the Coulomb gas with dipoles.\nThis result can be considered as a generalization of the Debye-Hukkel\napproximation. Other possible generalizations including the range of\ninteraction potentials for which the Debye-Hukkel approximation can be applyed\nare discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of Internal Correlations: Previous research has consistently affirmed that Maxwell's demon must adhere\nto the second law of thermodynamics. Yet, the unresolved question remains\nwhether the profitability and indispensability of information, which we\nroutinely take for granted, are based on constraints stemming from physical\nlaws. This paper reports a novel generalization of the second law of\nthermodynamics, answering that when internal correlations, i.e., correlations\nbetween subsystems of resource, are intended to be exploited, information is\nindispensable to extract free energy. Furthermore, the internal correlations,\nwhich can grow linearly with the number of subsystems in the resource, allow\nfor control with information that yields significant gains, dwarfing the\nnegligible operational costs in the thermodynamic limit. Thus, the generalized\nsecond law presented herein can be interpreted as a fundamental physical\nprinciple that ensures the benefit and inevitability of information processing\nin thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Quasispecies distribution of Eigen model: We study sharp peak landscapes (SPL) of Eigen model from a new perspective\nabout how the quasispecies distribute in the sequence space. To analyze the\ndistribution more carefully, we bring forth two tools. One tool is the variance\nof Hamming distance of the sequences at a given generation. It not only offers\nus a different avenue for accurately locating the error threshold and\nillustrates how the configuration of the distribution varies with copying\nfidelity $q$ in the sequence space, but also divides the copying fidelity into\nthree distinct regimes. The other tool is the similarity network of a certain\nHamming distance $d_{0}$, by which we can get a visual and in-depth result\nabout how the sequences distribute. We find that there are several local optima\naround the center (global optimum) in the distribution of the sequences\nreproduced near the threshold. Furthermore, it is interesting that the\ndistribution of clustering coefficient $C(k)$ follows lognormal distribution\nand the curve of clustering coefficient $C$ of the network versus $d_{0}$\nappears as linear behavior near the threshold."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of lossy compression for non-monotonic multilayer\n  perceptrons: A lossy data compression scheme for uniformly biased Boolean messages is\ninvestigated via statistical mechanics techniques. We utilize tree-like\ncommittee machine (committee tree) and tree-like parity machine (parity tree)\nwhose transfer functions are non-monotonic. The scheme performance at the\ninfinite code length limit is analyzed using the replica method. Both committee\nand parity treelike networks are shown to saturate the Shannon bound. The AT\nstability of the Replica Symmetric solution is analyzed, and the tuning of the\nnon-monotonic transfer function is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Finite-difference distributions for the Ginibre ensemble: The Ginibre ensemble of complex random matrices is studied. The complex\nvalued random variable of second difference of complex energy levels is\ndefined. For the N=3 dimensional ensemble are calculated distributions of\nsecond difference, of real and imaginary parts of second difference, as well as\nof its radius and of its argument (angle). For the generic N-dimensional\nGinibre ensemble an exact analytical formula for second difference's\ndistribution is derived. The comparison with real valued random variable of\nsecond difference of adjacent real valued energy levels for Gaussian\northogonal, unitary, and symplectic, ensemble of random matrices as well as for\nPoisson ensemble is provided."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite thermal conductivity in 1D models having zero Lyapunov exponents: Heat conduction in three types of 1D channels are studied. The channels\nconsist of two parallel walls, right triangles as scattering obstacles, and\nnoninteracting particles. The triangles are placed along the walls in three\ndifferent ways: (a) periodic, (b) disordered in height, and (c) disordered in\nposition. The Lyapunov exponents in all three models are zero because of the\nflatness of triangle sides. It is found numerically that the temperature\ngradient can be formed in all three channels, but the Fourier heat law is\nobserved only in two disordered ones. The results show that there might be no\ndirect connection between chaos (in the sense of positive Lyapunov exponent)\nand the normal thermal conduction.",
        "positive": "Relative species abundance of replicator dynamics with sparse\n  interactions: A theory of relative species abundance on sparsely-connected networks is\npresented by investigating the replicator dynamics with symmetric interactions.\nSparseness of a network involves difficulty in analyzing the fixed points of\nthe equation, and we avoid this problem by treating large self interaction $u$,\nwhich allows us to construct a perturbative expansion. Based on this\nperturbation, we find that the nature of the interactions is directly connected\nto the abundance distribution, and some characteristic behaviors, such as\nmultiple peaks in the abundance distribution and all species coexistence at\nmoderate values of $u$, are discovered in a wide class of the distribution of\nthe interactions. The all species coexistence collapses at a critical value of\n$u$, $u_c$, and this collapsing is regarded as a phase transition. To get more\nquantitative information, we also construct a non-perturbative theory on random\ngraphs based on techniques of statistical mechanics. The result shows those\ncharacteristic behaviors are sustained well even for not large $u$. For even\nsmaller values of $u$, extinct species start to appear and the abundance\ndistribution becomes rounded and closer to a standard functional form. Another\ninteresting finding is the non-monotonic behavior of diversity, which\nquantifies the number of coexisting species, when changing the ratio of\nmutualistic relations $\\Delta$. These results are examined by numerical\nsimulations, and the multiple peaks in the abundance distribution are confirmed\nto be robust against a certain level of modifications of the problem. The\nnumerical results also show that our theory is exact for the case without\nextinct species, but becomes less and less precise as the proportion of extinct\nspecies grows."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluid Coexistence close to Criticality: Scaling Algorithms for Precise\n  Simulation: A novel algorithm is presented that yields precise estimates of coexisting\nliquid and gas densities, $\\rho^{\\pm}(T)$, from grand canonical Monte Carlo\nsimulations of model fluids near criticality. The algorithm utilizes data for\nthe isothermal minima of the moment ratio $Q_{L}(T;<\\rho>_{L})$ $\\equiv<\nm^{2}>_{L}^{2}/< m^{4}>_{L}$ in $L$$ \\times$$ ...$$ \\times$$ L$ boxes, where\n$m=\\rho-<\\rho>_{L}$. When $L$$ \\to$$ \\infty$ the minima, $Q_{\\scriptsize\nm}^{\\pm}(T;L)$, tend to zero while their locations, $\\rho_{\\scriptsize\nm}^{\\pm}(T;L)$, approach $\\rho^{+}(T)$ and $\\rho^{-}(T)$. Finite-size scaling\nrelates the ratio {\\boldmath $\\mathcal Y$}$ = $$(\\rho_{\\scriptsize\nm}^{+}-\\rho_{\\scriptsize m}^{-})/\\Delta\\rho_{\\infty}(T)$ {\\em universally} to\n${1/2}(Q_{\\scriptsize m}^{+}+Q_{\\scriptsize m}^{-})$, where\n$\\Delta\\rho_{\\infty}$$ = $$\\rho^{+}(T)-\\rho^{-}(T)$ is the desired width of the\ncoexistence curve. Utilizing the exact limiting $(L$$ \\to $$\\infty)$ form, the\ncorresponding scaling function can be generated in recursive steps by fitting\noverlapping data for three or more box sizes, $L_{1}$, $L_{2}$, $...$, $L_{n}$.\nStarting at a $T_{0}$ sufficiently far below $T_{\\scriptsize c}$ and suitably\nchoosing intervals $\\Delta T_{j}$$ = $$T_{j+1}-T_{j}$$ > $0 yields\n$\\Delta\\rho_{\\infty}(T_{j})$ and precisely locates $T_{\\scriptsize c}$.",
        "positive": "Crucial stages of protein folding through a solvable model: predicting\n  target sites for enzyme-inhibiting drugs: An exactly solvable model based on the topology of a protein native state is\napplied to identify bottlenecks and key-sites for the folding of HIV-1\nProtease. The predicted sites are found to correlate well with clinical data on\nresistance to FDA-approved drugs. It has been observed that the effects of drug\ntherapy are to induce multiple mutations on the protease. The sites where such\nmutations occur correlate well with those involved in folding bottlenecks\nidentified through the deterministic procedure proposed in this study. The high\nstatistical significance of the observed correlations suggests that the\napproach may be promisingly used in conjunction with traditional techniques to\nidentify candidate locations for drug attacks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A note on q-Gaussians and non-Gaussians in statistical mechanics: The sum of $N$ sufficiently strongly correlated random variables will not in\ngeneral be Gaussian distributed in the limit N\\to\\infty. We revisit examples of\nsums x that have recently been put forward as instances of variables obeying a\nq-Gaussian law, that is, one of type (cst)\\times[1-(1-q)x^2]^{1/(1-q)}. We show\nby explicit calculation that the probability distributions in the examples are\nactually analytically different from q-Gaussians, in spite of numerically\nresembling them very closely. Although q-Gaussians exhibit many interesting\nproperties, the examples investigated do not support the idea that they play a\nspecial role as limit distributions of correlated sums.",
        "positive": "$q$-deformed Einstein's Model to Describe Specific Heat of Solid: Realistic phenomena can be described more appropriately using generalized\ncanonical ensemble, with proper parameter sets involved. We have generalized\nthe Einstein's theory for specific heat of solid in Tsallis statistics, where\nthe temperature fluctuation is introduced into the theory via the fluctuation\nparameter $q$. At low temperature the Einstein's curve of the specific heat in\nthe nonextensive Tsallis scenario exactly lies on the experimental data points.\nConsequently this $q$-modified Einstein's curve is found to be overlapping with\nthe one predicted by Debye. Considering only the temperature fluctuation\neffect(even without considering more than one mode of vibration is being\ntriggered) we found that the $C_V$ vs $T$ curve is as good as obtained by\nconsidering the different modes of vibration as suggested by Debye.\nGeneralizing the Einstein's theory in Tsallis statistics we found that a unique\nvalue of the Einstein temperature $\\theta_E$ along with a temperature dependent\ndeformation parameter $q(T)$, can well describe the phenomena of specific heat\nof solid i.e. the theory is equivalent to Debye's theory with a temperature\ndependent $\\theta_D$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface width scaling in noise reduced Eden clusters: The surface width scaling of Eden A clusters grown from a single aggregate\nsite on the square lattice is investigated as a function of the noise reduction\nparameter. A two-exponent scaling ansatz is introduced and used to fit the\nresults from simulations covering the range from fully stochastic to the\nzero-noise limit.",
        "positive": "Configuration Space for Random Walk Dynamics: Applied to statistical physics models, the random cost algorithm enforces a\nRandom Walk (RW) in energy (or possibly other thermodynamic quantities). The\ndynamics of this procedure is distinct from fixed weight updates. The\nprobability for a configuration to be sampled depends on a number of unusual\nquantities, which are explained in this paper. This has been overlooked in\nrecent literature, where the method is advertised for the calculation of\ncanonical expectation values. We illustrate these points for the $2d$ Ising\nmodel. In addition, we proof a previously conjectured equation which relates\nmicrocanonical expectation values to the spectral density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical regimes in DPD: We discuss theoretically the behavior of the velocity autocorrelation\nfunction in the Dissipative Particle Dynamics model. Two dynamical regimes are\nidentified depending on the dimensionless model parameters. For low frictions a\nmean field behavior is observed in which the kinetic theory for DPD provides\ngood predictions. For high frictions, collective hydrodynamic effects are\ndominant. We have performed numerical simulations that validate the theory\npresented.",
        "positive": "Kardar-Parisi-Zhang Universality of the Nagel-Schreckenberg Model: Dynamical universality classes are distinguished by their dynamical exponent\n$z$ and unique scaling functions encoding space-time asymmetry for, e.g.\nslow-relaxation modes or the distribution of time-integrated currents. So far\nthe universality class of the Nagel-Schreckenberg (NaSch) model, which is a\nparadigmatic model for traffic flow on highways, was not known except for the\nspecial case $v_{\\text{max}}=1$. Here the model corresponds to the TASEP\n(totally asymmetric simple exclusion process) that is known to belong to the\nsuperdiffusive Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) class with $z=3/2$. In this paper, we\nshow that the NaSch model also belongs to the KPZ class \\cite{KPZ} for general\nmaximum velocities $v_{\\text{max}}>1$. Using nonlinear fluctuating\nhydrodynamics theory we calculate the nonuniversal coefficients, fixing the\nexact asymptotic solutions for the dynamical structure function and the\ndistribution of time-integrated currents. Performing large-scale Monte-Carlo\nsimulations we show that the simulation results match the exact asymptotic KPZ\nsolutions without any fitting parameter left. Additionally, we find that\nnonuniversal early-time effects or the choice of initial conditions might have\na strong impact on the numerical determination of the dynamical exponent and\ntherefore lead to inconclusive results. We also show that the universality\nclass is not changed by extending the model to a two-lane NaSch model with\ndynamical lane changing rules."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of nonlinear sweep in the Landau-Zener-Stueckelberg effect: We study the Landau-Zener-Stueckelberg (LZS) effect for a two-level system\nwith a time-dependent nonlinear bias field (the sweep function) W(t). Our main\nconcern is to investigate the influence of the nonlinearity of W(t) on the\nprobability P to remain in the initial state. The dimensionless quantity\nepsilon = pi Delta ^2/(2 hbar v) depends on the coupling Delta of both levels\nand on the sweep rate v. For fast sweep rates, i.e., epsilon << l and\nmonotonic, analytic sweep functions linearizable in the vicinity of the\nresonance we find the transition probability 1-P ~= epsilon (1+a), where a>0 is\nthe correction to the LSZ result due to the nonlinearity of the sweep. Further\nincrease of the sweep rate with nonlinearity fixed brings the system into the\nnonlinear-sweep regime characterized by 1-P ~= epsilon ^gamma with gamma neq 1\ndepending on the type of sweep function. In case of slow sweep rates, i.e.,\nepsilon >>1 an interesting interference phenomenon occurs. For analytic W(t)\nthe probability P=P_0 e^-eta is determined by the singularities of sqrt{Delta\n^2+W^2(t)} in the upper complex plane of t. If W(t) is close to linear, there\nis only one singularity, that leads to the LZS result P=e^-epsilon with\nimportant corrections to the exponent due to nonlinearity. However, for, e.g.,\nW(t) ~ t^3 there is a pair of singularities in the upper complex plane.\nInterference of their contributions leads to oscillations of the prefactor P_0\nthat depends on the sweep rate through epsilon and turns to zero at some\nepsilon. Measurements of the oscillation period and of the exponential factor\nwould allow to determine Delta, independently.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium Sampling From Nonequilibrium Dynamics: We present some applications of an Interacting Particle System (IPS)\nmethodology to the field of Molecular Dynamics. This IPS method allows several\nsimulations of a switched random process to keep closer to equilibrium at each\ntime, thanks to a selection mechanism based on the relative virtual work\ninduced on the system. It is therefore an efficient improvement of usual\nnon-equilibrium simulations, which can be used to compute canonical averages,\nfree energy differences, and typical transitions paths."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Droplet Nucleation and Domain Wall Motion in a Bounded Interval: We study a spatially extended model of noise-induced magnetization reversal:\na classical Ginzburg-Landau theory, restricted to a bounded interval and\nperturbed by weak spatiotemporal noise. We compute the activation barrier and\nKramers prefactor. As the interval length increases, a transition between\nactivation regimes occurs, at which the prefactor diverges. We relate this to\ntransitions that occur in low-temperature quantum field theory.",
        "positive": "Random Process Theory Approach to Geometric Heterogeneous Surfaces:\n  Effective Fluid-Solid Interaction: Realistic fluid-solid interaction potentials are essential in description of\nconfined fluids especially in the case of geometric heterogeneous surfaces.\nCorrelated random field is considered as a model of random surface with high\ngeometric roughness. We provide the general theory of effective coarse-grained\nfluid-solid potential by proper averaging of the free energy of fluid molecules\nwhich interact with the solid media. This procedure is largely based on the\ntheory of random processes. We apply first passage time probability problem and\nassume the local Markov properties of random surfaces. General expression of\neffective fluid-solid potential is obtained. In the case of small surface\nirregularities analytical approximation for effective potential is proposed.\nBoth amorphous materials with large surface roughness and crystalline solids\nwith several types of fcc lattices are considered. It is shown that the wider\nthe lattice spacing in terms of molecular diameter of the fluid, the more\nobtained potentials differ from classical ones. A comparison with published\nMonte-Carlo simulations shows good qualitative agreement with the theory\npredictions. The work provides a promising approach to explore how the random\ngeometric heterogeneity affects on thermodynamic properties of the fluids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical Representation of a Quantum System at Equilibrium:\n  Applications: In the preceding paper, the structure and thermodynamics of a given quantum\nsystem was represented by a corresponding classical system having an effective\ntemperature, local chemical potential, and pair potential. Here, that formal\ncorrespondence is implemented approximately for applications to two quantum\nsystems. The first is the electron gas (jellium) over a range of temperatures\nand densities. The second is an investigation of quantum effects on shell\nstructure for charges confined by a harmonic potential.",
        "positive": "Cooperative Dynamics in Unentangled Polymer Fluids: We present a Generalized Langevin Equation for the dynamics of interacting\nsemiflexible polymer chains, undergoing slow cooperative dynamics. The\ncalculated Gaussian intermolecular center-of-mass and monomer potentials, wich\nenter the GLE, are in quantitative agreement with computer simulation data. The\nexperimentally observed, short-time subdiffusive regime of the polymer\nmean-square displacements, emerges here from the competition between the\nintramolecular and the intermolecular mean-force potentials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "``String'' formulation of the Dynamics of the Forward Interest Rate\n  Curve: We propose a formulation of the term structure of interest rates in which the\nforward curve is seen as the deformation of a string. We derive the general\ncondition that the partial differential equations governing the motion of such\nstring must obey in order to account for the condition of absence of arbitrage\nopportunities. This condition takes a form similar to a fluctuation-dissipation\ntheorem, albeit on the same quantity (the forward rate), linking the bias to\nthe covariance of variation fluctuations. We provide the general structure of\nthe models that obey this constraint in the framework of stochastic partial\n(possibly non-linear) differential equations. We derive the general solution\nfor the pricing and hedging of interest rate derivatives within this framework,\nalbeit for the linear case (we also provide in the appendix a simple and\nintuitive derivation of the standard European option problem). We also show how\nthe ``string'' formulation simplifies into a standard N-factor model under a\nGalerkin approximation.",
        "positive": "A solvable quantum antiferromagnet model: We introduce a quantum antiferromagnet model, having exactly soluble\nthermodynamic properties. It is an infinite range antiferromagnetic Ising model\nput in a transverse field. The free energy gives the ground state energy in the\nzero temperature limit and it also gives the low temperature behaviour of the\nspecific heat, the exponential variation of which gives the precise gap\nmagnitude in the excitation spectrum of the system. The detailed behaviour of\nthe (random sublattice) staggard magnetisation and susceptibilities are\nobtained and studied near the N\\'eel temperature and the zero temperature\nquantum critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the quantum-field description of many-particle Fermi systems with\n  spontaneously broken symmetry: A quantum-field approach for describing many-particle Fermi systems at finite\ntemperatures and with spontaneously broken symmetry has been proposed. A\ngeneralized model of self-consistent field (SCF), which allows one to describe\nthe states eligible for this system with various symmetries, is used as the\ninitial approximation. A perturbation theory has been developed, and a diagram\ntechnique for temperature Green's functions (GFs) has been constructed. The\nDyson's equation for the self-energy and vertex parts has been deduced.",
        "positive": "Phase boundary and finite temperature crossovers of the quantum Ising\n  model in two dimensions: We revisit the two-dimensional quantum Ising model by computing\nrenormalization group flows close to its quantum critical point. The low but\nfinite temperature regime in the vicinity of the quantum critical point is\nsquashed between two distinct non-Gaussian fixed points: the classical fixed\npoint dominated by thermal fluctuations and the quantum critical fixed point\ndominated by zero-point quantum fluctuations. Truncating an exact flow equation\nfor the effective action we derive a set of renormalization group equations and\nanalyze how the interplay of quantum and thermal fluctuations, both\nnon-Gaussian in nature, influences the shape of the phase boundary and the\nregion in the phase diagram where critical fluctuations occur. The solution of\nthe flow equations makes this interplay transparent: we detect finite\ntemperature crossovers by computing critical exponents and we confirm that the\npower law describing the finite temperature phase boundary as a function of\ncontrol parameter is given by the correlation length exponent at zero\ntemperature as predicted in an epsilon-expansion with epsilon=1 by Sachdev,\nPhys. Rev. B 55, 142 (1997)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ninth and Tenth Order Virial Coefficients for Hard Spheres in D\n  Dimensions: We evaluate the virial coefficients B_k for k<=10 for hard spheres in\ndimensions D=2,...,8. Virial coefficients with k even are found to be negative\nwhen D>=5. This provides strong evidence that the leading singularity for the\nvirial series lies away from the positive real axis when D>=5. Further analysis\nprovides evidence that negative virial coefficients will be seen for some k>10\nfor D=4, and there is a distinct possibility that negative virial coefficients\nwill also eventually occur for D=3.",
        "positive": "Microscopic approach to the macrodynamics of matter with broken\n  symmetries: A unified set of hydrodynamic equations describing condensed phases of matter\nwith broken continuous symmetries is derived using a generalization of the\nstatistical-mechanical approach based on the local equilibrium distribution.\nThe dissipativeless and dissipative parts of the current densities and the\nentropy production are systematically deduced in this approach by expanding in\npowers of the gradients of the macrofields. Green-Kubo formulas are obtained\nfor all the transport coefficients. The results apply to both crystalline\nsolids and liquid crystals. The consequences of microreversibility and spatial\nsymmetries are investigated, leading to the prediction of cross effects\nresulting from Onsager-Casimir reciprocal relations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On a Condition for Intracellular Adaptive Dynamics for Chemotaxis: Microorganisms often perform chemotaxis, (i.e., sensing and moving toward a\nregion with a higher concentration of an attractive chemical) by changing the\nrate of tumbling for random walk. We studied several models with internal\nadaptive dynamics numerically to examine the validity of the condition for\nchemotaxis proposed by Oosawa and Nakaoka, which states that the time scale of\ntumbling frequency is smaller than that of adaptation and greater than that of\nsensing. Suitably renormalizing the timescales showed that the condition holds\nfor a variety of environments and for both short- and long-term behavior.",
        "positive": "Bethe Ansatz and Symmetry in Superintegrable Chiral Potts Model and\n  Root-of-unity Six-vertex Model: We examine the Onsager algebra symmetry of $\\tau^{(j)}$-matrices in the\nsuperintegrable chiral Potts model. The comparison of Onsager algebra symmetry\nof the chiral Potts model with the $sl_2$-loop algebra symmetry of six-vertex\nmodel at roots of unity is made from the aspect of functional relations using\nthe $Q$-operator and fusion matrices. The discussion of Bethe ansatz for both\nmodels is conducted in a uniform manner through the evaluation parameters of\ntheir symmetry algebras."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Delay induced Turing-like waves for one species reaction-diffusion model\n  on a network: A one species time-delay reaction-diffusion system defined on a complex\nnetworks is studied. Travelling waves are predicted to occur as follows a\nsymmetry breaking instability of an homogenous stationary stable solution,\nsubject to an external non homogenous perturbation. These are generalized\nTuring-like waves that materialize in a single species populations dynamics\nmodel, as the unexpected byproduct of the imposed delay in the diffusion part.\nSufficient conditions for the onset of the instability are mathematically\nprovided by performing a linear stability analysis adapted to time delayed\ndifferential equation. The method here developed exploits the properties of the\nLambert W-function. The prediction of the theory are confirmed by direct\nnumerical simulation carried out for a modified version of the classical Fisher\nmodel, defined on a Watts-Strogatz networks and with the inclusion of the\ndelay.",
        "positive": "Energy extraction of a chaotic system in a cyclic process: a Szil\u00e1rd\n  Engine perspective: Inspired by the available examples of Microcanonical Szil\\'ard Engines and by\nthe original Szil\\'ard Engine, we devise a system with two degrees of freedom\nwhose ensemble average energy, starting with a microcanical ensemble, decreases\nafter a cyclic variation of its external parameters. We use the Ergodic\nAdiabatic Theorem to motivate our cycle and numerical simulations to check the\ndecrement in the average energy. We then compare our system to the\naforementioned Szil\\'ard Engines, Microcanonical or not, and speculate about\nsymmetry breaking being the cause of energy extraction in cyclic processes,\neven when non-integrability and chaos are present."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ballistic File diffusion of Hard-Core particles in One-Dimensional\n  Channels: A Numerical Study: One-dimensional movement of interacting particles is a challenging problem\nwhere the correlation between particles induces non-trivial collective effects.\nIn contrast to the single-file diffusion case, the pure ballistic single file\nmovement of particles has received less attention. Here, the ballistic file\ndiffusion of hard disks is studied using an addaptative continuum Monte Carlo\nnumerical scheme. Dynamics is studied as a function of the size of the\nparticles, the system size and the number of particles. The mean square\ndisplacement presents three regimes corresponding to independent motion,\ncollective motion and finite size effects. These regimes and the crossover\ntimes between them are analyzed and presented in analogy with the ones observed\nfor the single-file diffusion problem.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation Theorem and Central Limit Theorem for the Time-Reversible\n  Nonequilibrium Baker Map: The nonequilibrium Time-Reversible Baker Map provides simple illustrations of\nthe Fluctuation Theorem, the Central Limit Theorem, and the Biased Random Walk.\nThis is material in preparation for the Book form of Carol's and my 2016\nKharagpur Lectures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Directed transport in equilibrium : analysis of the dimer model with\n  inertial terms: We have previously shown an analysis of our dimer model in the over-damped\nregime to show directed transport in equilibrium. Here we analyze the full\nmodel with inertial terms present to establish the same result. First we derive\nthe Fokker-Planck equation for the system following a Galilean transformation\nto show that a uniformly translating equilibrium distribution is possible.\nThen, we find out the velocity selection for the centre of mass motion using\nthat distribution on our model. We suggest generalization of our calculations\nfor soft collision potentials and indicate to interesting situation with\npossibility of oscillatory non-equilibrium state within equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear structures and thermodynamic instabilities in a\n  one-dimensional lattice system: The equilibrium states of the discrete Peyrard-Bishop Hamiltonian with one\nend fixed are computed exactly from the two-dimensional nonlinear Morse map.\nThese exact nonlinear structures are interpreted as domain walls (DW),\ninterpolating between bound and unbound segments of the chain. The free energy\nof the DWs is calculated to leading order beyond the Gaussian approximation.\nThermodynamic instabilities (e.g. DNA unzipping and/or thermal denaturation)\ncan be understood in terms of DW formation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipation in spin chains using quantized nonequilibrium thermodynamics: We investigate the open dynamics of a chain of interacting spins using the\nquantized version of the GENERIC equation from classical out-of-equilibrium\nthermodynamics. We focus on both equilibrium and nonequilibrium scenarios for\nchains of different sizes. While in the equilibrium case we demonstrate thermal\nequilibration to the correct many-body Gibbs density matrix, in the\nnonequilibrium dynamics we show a ballistic-to-diffusive transition in the\nsteady-state energy current and a scaling that is consistent with Fourier's law\nof heat transfer.",
        "positive": "Harris criterion on hierarchical lattices: Rigorous inequalities and\n  counterexamples in Ising systems: Random bond Ising systems on a general hierarchical lattice are considered.\nThe inequality between the specific heat exponent of the pure system,\n$\\alpha_p$, and the crossover exponent $\\phi$, $\\alpha_p<=\\phi$, gives rise to\na possibility of a negative $\\alpha_p$ along with a positive $\\phi$, leading to\nrandom criticality in disagreement with the Harris criterion. An explicit\nexample where this really happens for an Ising system is presented and\ndiscussed. In addition to that, it is shown that in presence of full long-range\ncorrelations, the crossover exponent is larger than in the uncorrelated case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nucleation and growth of a core-shell composite nucleus by diffusion: The critical radius of a core-shell-type nucleus grown by diffusion in a\nphase-separated solution is studied. A {\\it kinetic} critical radius rather\nthan the {\\it thermodynamic} critical radius of standard classical nucleation\ntheory can be defined from the diffusional growth equations. It is shown that\nthere exist two kinetic critical radii for the core-shell-type nucleus, for\nwhich both the inner core radius and the outer shell radius will be stationary.\nTherefore, these two critical radii correspond to a single critical point of\nthe nucleation path with a single energy barrier even though the nucleation\nlooks like a two-step process. The two radii are given by formulas similar to\nthat of classical nucleation theory if the Ostwald-Freundlich boundary\ncondition is imposed at the surface of the inner nucleus and that of the outer\nshell. The subsequent growth of a core-shell-type post-critical nucleus follows\nthe classical picture of Ostwald's step rule. Our result is consistent with\nsome of the experimental and numerical results which suggest the\ncore-shell-type critical nucleus.",
        "positive": "Coarsening and percolation in the Ising Model with quenched disorder: Through large-scale numerical simulations, we study the phase ordering\nkinetics of the $2d$ Ising Model after a zero-temperature quench from a\nhigh-temperature homogeneous initial condition. Analysing the behaviour of two\nimportant quantities -- the winding angle and the pair-connectedness -- we\nreveal the presence of a percolating structure in the pattern of domains. We\nfocus on the pure case and on the random field and random bond Ising Model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Water at an electrochemical interface - a simulation study: The results of molecular dynamics simulations of the properties of water in\nan aqueous ionic solution close to an interface with a model metallic electrode\nare described. In the simulations the electrode behaves as an ideally\npolarizable hydrophilic metal, supporting image charge interactions with\ncharged species, and it is maintained at a constant electrical potential with\nrespect to the solution so that the model is a textbook representation of an\nelectrochemical interface through which no current is passing. We show how\nwater is strongly attracted to and ordered at the electrode surface. This\nordering is different to the structure that might be imagined from continuum\nmodels of electrode interfaces. Further, this ordering significantly affects\nthe probability of ions reaching the surface. We describe the concomitant\nmotion and configurations of the water and ions as functions of the electrode\npotential, and we analyze the length scales over which ionic atmospheres\nfluctuate. The statistics of these fluctuations depend upon surface structure\nand ionic strength. The fluctuations are large, sufficiently so that the mean\nionic atmosphere is a poor descriptor of the aqueous environment near a metal\nsurface. The importance of this finding for a description of electrochemical\nreactions is examined by calculating, directly from the simulation, Marcus free\nenergy profiles for transfer of charge between the electrode and a redox\nspecies in the solution and comparing the results with the predictions of\ncontinuum theories. Significant departures from the electrochemical textbook\ndescriptions of the phenomenon are found and their physical origins are\ncharacterized from the atomistic perspective of the simulations.",
        "positive": "Critical Exponents of Superfluid Helium and Pseudo-$\u03b5$ Expansion: Pseudo-$\\epsilon$ expansions ($\\tau$-series) for critical exponents of 3D XY\nmodel describing $\\lambda$-transition in liquid helium are derived up to\n$\\tau^6$ terms. Numerical estimates extracted from the $\\tau$-series obtained\nusing Pad\\'e-Borel resummation technique, scaling relations and seven-loop\n($\\tau^7$) estimate for the Fisher exponent $\\eta$ are presented including\nthose for exponents $\\alpha$ and $\\nu$ measured in experiments with record\naccuracy. For the exponent $\\alpha$ the procedure argued to be most reliable\ngives $\\alpha= -0.0117$. This number is very close to the most accurate\nexperimental values differing appreciably from the results of numerous lattice\nand field-theoretical calculations. It signals that the pseudo-$\\epsilon$\nexpansion is a powerful tool robust enough to evaluate critical exponents with\nvery small absolute error. The arguments in favour of such a robustness are\npresented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Irregular gyration of a two-dimensional random-acceleration process in a\n  confining potential: We study the stochastic dynamics of a two-dimensional particle assuming that\nthe components of its position are two coupled random-acceleration processes\nevolving in a confining parabolic potential and are the subjects of independent\nGaussian white noises with different amplitudes (temperatures). We determine\nthe standard characteristic properties, i.e., the moments of position's\ncomponents and their velocities, mixed moments and two-time correlations, as\nwell as the position-velocity probability density function (pdf). We show that\nif the amplitudes of the noises are not equal, then the particle experiences a\nnon-zero (on average) torque, such that the angular momentum L and the angular\nvelocity W have non-zero mean values. Both are\n  (irregularly) oscillating with time t, such that the characteristics of a\nrotational motion are changing their signs. We also evaluate the pdf-s of L and\nW and show that the former has exponential tails for any fixed t, and hence,\nall moments. In addition, in the large-time limit this pdf converges to a\nuniform distribution with a diverging variance. The pdf of W possesses heavy\npower-law tails such that the mean W is the only existing moment. This pdf\nconverges to a limiting form which, surprisingly, is completely independent of\nthe amplitudes of noises.",
        "positive": "Disentangling the critical signatures of neural activity: The critical brain hypothesis has emerged as an attractive framework to\nunderstand neuronal activity, but it is still widely debated. In this work, we\nanalyze data from a multi-electrodes array in the rat's cortex and we find that\npower-law neuronal avalanches satisfying the crackling-noise relation coexist\nwith spatial correlations that display typical features of critical systems. In\norder to shed a light on the underlying mechanisms at the origin of these\nsignatures of criticality, we introduce a paradigmatic framework with a common\nstochastic modulation and pairwise linear interactions inferred from our data.\nWe show that in such models power-law avalanches that satisfy the crackling\nnoise relation emerge as a consequence of the extrinsic modulation, whereas\nscale-free correlations are solely determined by internal interactions.\nMoreover, this disentangling is fully captured by the mutual information in the\nsystem. Finally, we show that analogous power-law avalanches are found in more\nrealistic models of neural activity as well, suggesting that extrinsic\nmodulation might be a broad mechanism for their generation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Coarsening without Surface Tension: the Voter Universality\n  Class: We show that the two-dimensional voter model, usually considered to only be a\nmarginal coarsening system, represents a broad class of models for which\nphase-ordering takes place without surface tension. We argue that voter-like\ngrowth is generically observed at order-disorder nonequilibrium transitions\nsolely driven by interfacial noise between dynamically symmetric absorbing\nstates.",
        "positive": "Finite-size scaling above the upper critical dimension revisited: The\n  case of the five-dimensional Ising model: Monte Carlo results for the moments <M^k> of the magnetization distribution\nof the nearest-neighbor Ising ferromagnet in a L^d geometry, where L (4 \\leq L\n\\leq 22) is the linear dimension of a hypercubic lattice with periodic boundary\nconditions in d=5 dimensions, are analyzed in the critical region and compared\nto a recent theory of Chen and Dohm (CD) [X.S. Chen and V. Dohm, Int. J. Mod.\nPhys. C (1998)]. We show that this finite-size scaling theory (formulated in\nterms of two scaling variables) can account for the longstanding discrepancies\nbetween Monte Carlo results and the so-called ``lowest-mode'' theory, which\nuses a single scaling variable tL^{d/2} where t=T/T_c-1 is the temperature\ndistance from the critical temperature, only to a very limited extent. While\nthe CD theory gives a somewhat improved description of corrections to the\n``lowest-mode'' results (to which the CD theory can easily be reduced in the\nlimit t \\to 0, L \\to \\infty, tL^{d/2} fixed) for the fourth-order cumulant,\ndiscrepancies are found for the susceptibility (L^d <M^2>). Reasons for these\nproblems are briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ultracold Bosons with 3-Body Attractive Interactions in an Optical\n  Lattice: We study the effect of an optical lattice (OL) on the ground-state properties\nof one-dimensional ultracold bosons with three-body attraction and two-body\nrepulsion, which are described by a cubic-quintic Gross-Pitaevskii equation\nwith a periodic potential. Without the OL and with a vanishing two-body\ninteraction term, soliton solutions of the Townes type are possible only at a\ncritical value of the three-body interaction strength, at which an infinite\ndegeneracy of the ground-state occurs; a repulsive two-body interaction makes\nsuch localized solutions unstable. We show that the OL opens a stability window\naround the critical point when the strength of the periodic potential is above\na critical threshold. We also consider the effect of an external parabolic\ntrap, studying how the stability of the solitons depends on matching between\nminima of the periodic potential and the minimum of the parabolic trap.",
        "positive": "A Formalism for Scattering of Complex Composite Structures. 1\n  Applications to Branched Structures of Asymmetric Sub-Units: We present a formalism for the scattering of an arbitrary linear or acyclic\nbranched structure build by joining mutually non-interacting arbitrary\nfunctional sub-units. The formalism consists of three equations expressing the\nstructural scattering in terms of three equations expressing the sub-unit\nscattering. The structural scattering expressions allows a composite structures\nto be used as sub-units within the formalism itself. This allows the scattering\nexpressions for complex hierarchical structures to be derived with great ease.\nThe formalism is furthermore generic in the sense that the scattering due to\nstructural connectivity is completely decoupled from internal structure of the\nsub-units. This allows sub-units to be replaced by more complex structures. We\nillustrate the physical interpretation of the formalism diagrammatically. By\napplying a self-consistency requirement we derive the pair distributions of an\nideal flexible polymer sub-unit. We illustrate the formalism by deriving\ngeneric scattering expressions for branched structures such as stars, pom-poms,\nbottle-brushes, and dendrimers build out of asymmetric two-functional\nsub-units."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium statistical operator method in the Renyi statistics: The generalization of the Zubarev nonequilibrium statistical operator method\nfor the case of Renyi statistics is proposed when the relevant statistical\noperator (or distribution function) is obtained based on the principle of\nmaximum for the Renyi entropy. The nonequilibrium statistical operator and\ncorresponding generalized transport equations for the reduced-description\nparameters are obtained. A consistent description of kinetic and hydrodynamic\nprocesses in the system of interacting particles is considered as an example.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics of transcription-factor binding site discovery\n  using Hidden Markov Models: Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are a commonly used tool for inference of\ntranscription factor (TF) binding sites from DNA sequence data. We exploit the\nmathematical equivalence between HMMs for TF binding and the \"inverse\"\nstatistical mechanics of hard rods in a one-dimensional disordered potential to\ninvestigate learning in HMMs. We derive analytic expressions for the Fisher\ninformation, a commonly employed measure of confidence in learned parameters,\nin the biologically relevant limit where the density of binding sites is low.\nWe then use techniques from statistical mechanics to derive a scaling principle\nrelating the specificity (binding energy) of a TF to the minimum amount of\ntraining data necessary to learn it."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Limit shape phase transitions: a merger of arctic circles: We consider a free fermion formulation of a statistical model exhibiting a\nlimit shape phenomenon. The model is shown to have a phase transition that can\nbe visualized as the merger of two liquid regions - arctic circles. We show\nthat the merging arctic circles provide a space-time resolved picture of the\nphase transition in lattice QCD known as Gross-Witten-Wadia transition. The\nlatter is a continuous phase transition of the third order. We argue that this\ntransition is universal and is not spoiled by interactions if parity and\ntime-reversal symmetries are preserved. We refer to this universal transition\nas the Merger Transition.",
        "positive": "Interface growth in two dimensions: A Loewner-equation approach: The problem of Laplacian growth in two dimensions is considered within the\nLoewner-equation framework. Initially the problem of fingered growth recently\ndiscussed by Gubiec and Szymczak [T. Gubiec and P. Szymczak, Phys. Rev. E 77,\n041602 (2008)] is revisited and a new exact solution for a three-finger\nconfiguration is reported. Then a general class of growth models for an\ninterface growing in the upper-half plane is introduced and the corresponding\nLoewner equation for the problem is derived. Several examples are given\nincluding interfaces with one or more tips as well as multiple growing\ninterfaces. A generalization of our interface growth model in terms of\n``Loewner domains,'' where the growth rule is specified by a time evolving\nmeasure, is briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface criticality at a dynamic phase transition: In order to elucidate the role of surfaces at nonequilibrium phase\ntransitions we consider kinetic Ising models with surfaces subjected to a\nperiodic oscillating magnetic field. Whereas the corresponding bulk system\nundergoes a continuous nonequilibrium phase transition characterized by the\nexponents of the equilibrium Ising model, we find that the nonequilibrium\nsurface exponents do not coincide with those of the equilibrium critical\nsurface. In addition, in three space dimensions the surface phase diagram of\nthe nonequilibrium system differs markedly from that of the equilibrium system.",
        "positive": "Reconnecting statistical physics and combinatorics beyond ensemble\n  equivalence: In statistical physics, the challenging combinatorial enumeration of the\nconfigurations of a system subject to hard constraints (microcanonical\nensemble) is mapped to a mathematically easier calculation where the\nconstraints are softened (canonical ensemble). However, the mapping is exact\nonly when the size of the system is infinite and if the property of ensemble\nequivalence (EE), i.e. the asymptotic identity of canonical and microcanonical\nlarge deviations, holds. For finite systems, or when EE breaks down,\nstatistical physics is currently believed to provide no answer to the\ncombinatorial problem. In contrast with this expectation, here we establish\nexact relationships connecting conjugate ensembles in full generality, even for\nfinite system size and when EE does not hold. We also show that in the\nthermodynamic limit the ensembles are directly related through the matrix of\ncanonical (co)variances of the constraints, plus a correction term that\nsurvives only if this matrix has an infinite number of finite eigenvalues.\nThese new relationships restore the possibility of enumerating microcanonical\nconfigurations via canonical probabilities, thus reconnecting statistical\nphysics and combinatorics in realms where they were believed to be no longer in\nmutual correspondence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional Advection Diffusion Asymmetry Equation, derivation, solution\n  and application: The non-Markovian continuous-time random walk model, featuring fat-tailed\nwaiting times and narrow distributed displacements with a non-zero mean, is a\nwell studied model for anomalous diffusion. Using an analytical approach, we\nrecently demonstrated how a fractional space advection diffusion asymmetry\nequation, usually associated with Markovian L\\'evy flights, describes the\nspreading of a packet of particles. Since we use Gaussian statistics for jump\nlengths though fat-tailed distribution of waiting times, the appearance of\nfractional space derivatives in the kinetic equation demands explanations\nprovided in this manuscript. As applications we analyse the spreading of\ntracers in two dimensions, breakthrough curves investigated in the field of\ncontamination spreading in hydrology and first passage time statistics. We\npresent a subordination scheme valid for the case when the mean waiting time is\nfinite and the variance diverges, which is related to L\\'evy statistics for the\nnumber of renewals in the process.",
        "positive": "Bose-Einstein Condensate in Solid Helium: We present neutron scattering measurements of the atomic momentum\ndistribution, n(k), in solid helium under a pressure p = 41 bars and at\ntemperatures between 80 mK and 500 mK. The aim is to determine whether there is\nBose-Einstein condensation (BEC) below the critical temperature, T_c = 200 mK\nwhere a superfluid density has been observed. Assuming BEC appears as a\nmacroscopic occupation of the k = 0 state below T_c, we find a condensate\nfraction of n_0 = (-0.10 \\pm 1.20)% at T = 80 mK and n_0 = (0.08\\pm0.78)% at T\n= 120 mK, consistent with zero. The shape of n(k) also does not change on\ncrossing T_c within measurement precision."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Avalanche dynamics in fluid imbibition near the depinning transition: We study avalanche dynamics and local activity of forced-flow imbibition\nfronts in disordered media. We focus on the front dynamics as the mean velocity\n$\\bar{v}$ of the interface is decreased and the pinning state is approached.\nScaling arguments allow us to obtain the statistics of avalanche sizes and\ndurations, which become power-law distributed due to the existence of a\ncritical point at $\\bar{v}= 0$. Results are compared with phase-field numerical\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Persistence exponents of non-Gaussian processes in statistical mechanics: Motivated by certain problems of statistical physics we consider a stationary\nstochastic process in which deterministic evolution is interrupted at random\ntimes by upward jumps of a fixed size. If the evolution consists of linear\ndecay, the sample functions are of the \"random sawtooth\" type and the level\ndependent persistence exponent \\theta can be calculated exactly. We then\ndevelop an expansion method valid for small curvature of the deterministic\ncurve. The curvature parameter g plays the role of the coupling constant of an\ninteracting particle system. The leading order curvature correction to \\theta\nis proportional to g^{2/3}. The expansion applies in particular to exponential\ndecay in the limit of large level, where the curvature correction considerably\nimproves the linear approximation. The Langevin equation, with Gaussian white\nnoise, is recovered as a singular limiting case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimizing persistent random searches: We consider a minimal model of persistent random searcher with short range\nmemory. We calculate exactly for such searcher the mean first-passage time to a\ntarget in a bounded domain and find that it admits a non trivial minimum as\nfunction of the persistence length. This reveals an optimal search strategy\nwhich differs markedly from the simple ballistic motion obtained in the case of\nPoisson distributed targets. Our results show that the distribution of targets\nplays a crucial role in the random search problem. In particular, in the\nbiologically relevant cases of either a single target or regular patterns of\ntargets, we find that, in strong contrast with repeated statements in the\nliterature, persistent random walks with exponential distribution of excursion\nlengths can minimize the search time, and in that sense perform better than any\nLevy walk.",
        "positive": "Anomalous Fourier's law and long range correlations in a 1D non-momentum\n  conserving mechanical model: We study by means of numerical simulations the velocity reversal model, a\none-dimensional mechanical model of heat transport introduced in 1985 by Ianiro\nand Lebowitz. Our numerical results indicate that this model, although it does\nnot conserve momentum, exhibits an anomalous Fourier's law similar to the ones\npreviously observed in momentum-conserving models. This is contrary to what is\nobtained from the solution of the Boltzmann equation (BE) for this system. The\npair correlation velocity field also looks very different from the correlations\nusually seen in diffusive systems, and shares some similarity with those of\nmomentum-conserving heat transport models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Note on the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis: Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is discussed. We point out that\nthe common formulation of the ETH suffers from the mixing of random and\ndeterministic variables. We suggest a modified formulation of the ETH which\nincludes only deterministic variables. We also show that this formulation of\nthe ETH implies thermalization as well.",
        "positive": "Remarks on the multi-species exclusion process with reflective\n  boundaries: We investigate one of the simplest multi-species generalizations of the one\ndimensional exclusion process with reflective boundaries. The Markov matrix\ngoverning the dynamics of the system splits into blocks (sectors) specified by\nthe number of particles of each kind. We find matrices connecting the blocks in\na matrix product form. The procedure (generalized matrix ansatz) to verify that\na matrix intertwines blocks of the Markov matrix was introduced in the periodic\nboundary condition, which starts with a local relation [Arita et al, J. Phys. A\n44, 335004 (2011)]. The solution to this relation for the reflective boundary\ncondition is much simpler than that for the periodic boundary condition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Nature of the Condensate in Mass Transport Models: We study the phenomenon of real space condensation in the steady state of a\nclass of one dimensional mass transport models. We derive the criterion for the\noccurrence of a condensation transition and analyse the precise nature of the\nshape and the size of the condensate in the condensed phase. We find two\ndistinct condensate regimes: one where the condensate is gaussian distributed\nand the particle number fluctuations scale normally as $L^{1/2}$ where $L$ is\nthe system size, and a second regime where the particle number fluctuations\nbecome anomalously large and the condensate peak is non-gaussian. We interpret\nthese results within the framework of sums of random variables.",
        "positive": "Walker diffusion method for solution of ohmic circuit problems: A probabilistic method is derived for solution of ohmic circuit problems. It\nis compared to the standard approach, which is construction and solution of a\nset of coupled, linear equations manifesting Kirchhoff's laws. An example is\nmade of an electrical circuit that has the complicated connectivity of a\nbond-and-node Sierpinski triangle, which would be tedious to solve by matrix\nmethods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adaptive heat engine: A major limitations for many heat engines is that their functioning demands\non-line control, and/or an external fitting between environmental parameters\n(e.g. temperatures of thermal baths) and internal parameters of the engine. We\nstudy a model for an adaptive heat engine, where---due to feedback from the\nfunctional part---the engine's structure adapts to given thermal baths. Hence\nno on-line control and no external fitting are needed. The engine can employ\nunknown resources, it can also adapt to results of its own functioning that\nmakes the bath temperatures closer. We determine thermodynamic costs of\nadaptation and relate them to the prior information available about the\nenvironment. We also discuss informational constraints on the\nstructure-function interaction that are necessary for adaptation.",
        "positive": "Multispin Coding Technique for Nonequilibrium Reweighting: We present the multispin coding for the nonequlibrium reweighting method of\nthe Monte Carlo simulation, that was developed by the present authors. As an\nillustration, we treat the driven diffusive lattice gas model. We use the\nmultispin coding technique both for the spin update and for the calculation of\nthe histogram of incremental weights, which is needed in the calculation of\nnonequlibrium reweighting. All the operations are executed by the bitwise\nlogical commands."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous ordering in inhomogeneously strained materials: We study a continuous quasi-two-dimensional order-disorder phase transition\nthat occurs in a simple model of a material that is inhomogeneously strained\ndue to the presence of dislocation lines. Performing Monte Carlo simulations of\ndifferent system sizes and using finite size scaling, we measure critical\nexponents describing the transition of beta=0.18\\pm0.02, gamma=1.0\\pm0.1, and\nalpha=0.10\\pm0.02. Comparable exponents have been reported in a variety of\nphysical systems. These systems undergo a range of different types of phase\ntransitions, including structural transitions, exciton percolation, and\nmagnetic ordering. In particular, similar exponents have been found to describe\nthe development of magnetic order at the onset of the pseudogap transition in\nhigh-temperature superconductors. Their common universal critical exponents\nsuggest that the essential physics of the transition in all of these physical\nsystems is the same as in our model. We argue that the nature of the transition\nin our model is related to surface transitions, although our model has no free\nsurface.",
        "positive": "Paradoxes of Subdiffusive Infiltration in Disordered Systems: Infiltration of diffusing particles from one material to another where the\ndiffusion mechanism is either normal or anomalous is a widely observed\nphenomena. When the diffusion is anomalous we find interesting behaviors:\ndiffusion may lead to an averaged net drift <x> from one material to another\neven if all particles eventually flow in the opposite direction, or may lead to\na flow without drift. Starting with an underlying continuous time random walk\nmodel we solve diffusion equations describing this problem. Similar drift\nagainst flow is found in the quenched trap model. We argue that such a behavior\nis a general feature of diffusion in disordered systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean-field approximations for the restricted solid-on-solid growth\n  models: We study models for surface growth with a wetting and a roughening transition\nusing simple and pair mean-field approximations. The simple mean-field\nequations are solved exactly and they predict the roughening transition and the\ncorrect growth exponents in a region of the phase diagram. The pair mean-field\nequations, which are solved numerically, show a better accordance with\nnumerical simulation and correctly predicts a growing interface with constant\nvelocity at the moving phase. Also, when detailed balance is fulfilled, the\npair mean field becomes the exact solution of the model.",
        "positive": "Statistical Properties of the Inter-occurrence Times in the\n  Two-dimensional Stick-slip Model of Earthquakes: We study earthquake interval time statistics, paying special attention to\ninter-occurrence times in the two-dimensional (2D) stick-slip (block-slider)\nmodel. Inter-occurrence times are the time interval between successive\nearthquakes on all faults in a region. We select stiffness and friction\nparameters as tunable parameters because these physical quantities are\nconsidered as essential factors in describing fault dynamics. It is found that\ninter-occurrence time statistics depend on the parameters. Varying stiffness\nand friction parameters systematically, we optimize these parameters so as to\nreproduce the inter-occurrence time statistics in natural seismicity. For an\noptimal case, earthquakes produced by the model obey the Gutenberg-Richter law,\nwhich states that the magnitude-frequency distribution exhibits the power law\nwith an exponent approximately unity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Films Adsorbed on Graphite: Third and Fourth Helium Layers: Using a path-integral Monte Carlo method for simulating superfluid quantum\nfilms, we investigate helium layers adsorbed on a substrate consisting of\ngraphite plus two solid helium layers. Our results for the promotion densities\nand the dependence of the superfluid density on coverage are in agreement with\nexperiment. We can also explain certain features of the measured heat capacity\nas a function of temperature and coverage.",
        "positive": "Chaining in Magnetic Colloids in the Presence of Flow: We discuss the effect of an homogeneous flow in the aggregation process of\ncolloidal magnetic particles at moderate concentration. Situations in which the\npresence of flow acts in favor of the chaining process: particles assemble into\nchains larger than the ones emerging in the absence of flow, under the only\ninfluence of an externnaly imposed field, have been analyzed. The results we\nobtain follow from the analysis of the pair correlation function which, owing\nto the potencial character of the flow we consider, can be interpreted in terms\nof a Boltzmann-like stationary distribution function. To render the influence\nof the flow on the resulting structures explicit, we study the particular cases\nof axisymmetric and planar elongational flows."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evolution of the most recent common ancestor of a population with no\n  selection: We consider the evolution of a population of fixed size with no selection.\nThe number of generations $G$ to reach the first common ancestor evolves in\ntime. This evolution can be described by a simple Markov process which allows\none to calculate several characteristics of the time dependence of $G$. We also\nstudy how $G$ is correlated to the genetic diversity.",
        "positive": "Statistical Mechanics of Low-Density Parity Check Error-Correcting Codes\n  over Galois Fields: A variation of low density parity check (LDPC) error correcting codes defined\nover Galois fields ($GF(q)$) is investigated using statistical physics. A code\nof this type is characterised by a sparse random parity check matrix composed\nof $C$ nonzero elements per column. We examine the dependence of the code\nperformance on the value of $q$, for finite and infinite $C$ values, both in\nterms of the thermodynamical transition point and the practical decoding phase\ncharacterised by the existence of a unique (ferromagnetic) solution. We find\ndifferent $q$-dependencies in the cases of C=2 and $C \\ge 3$; the analytical\nsolutions are in agreement with simulation results, providing a quantitative\nmeasure to the improvement in performance obtained using non-binary alphabets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The contact process in disordered and periodic binary two-dimensional\n  lattices: The critical behavior of the contact process in disordered and periodic\nbinary 2d-lattices is investigated numerically by means of Monte Carlo\nsimulations as well as via an analytical approximation and standard mean field\ntheory. Phase-separation lines calculated numerically are found to agree well\nwith analytical predictions around the homogeneous point. For the disordered\ncase, values of static scaling exponents obtained via quasi-stationary\nsimulations are found to change with disorder strength. In particular, the\nfinite-size scaling exponent of the density of infected sites approaches a\nvalue consistent with the existence of an infinite-randomness fixed point as\nconjectured before for the 2d disordered CP. At the same time, both dynamical\nand static scaling exponents are found to coincide with the values established\nfor the homogeneous case thus confirming that the contact process in a\nheterogeneous environment belongs to the directed percolation universality\nclass.",
        "positive": "Morphological Instability and Dynamics of Fronts in Bacterial Growth\n  Models with Nonlinear Diffusion: It has been argued that there is biological and modeling evidence that a\nnon-linear diffusion coefficient of the type D(b) = D_0 b^{k} underlies the\nformation of a number of growth patterns of bacterial colonies. We study a\nreaction-diffusion system with a non-linear diffusion coefficient introduced by\nBen-Jacob et al. Due to the fact that the bacterial diffusion coefficient\nvanishes when the bacterial density b -> 0, the standard linear stability\nanalysis for fronts cannot be used. We introduce an extension of the stability\nanalysis which can be applied to such singular fronts, map out the region of\nstability in the D-k-plane and derive an interfacial approximation in some\nlimits. Our linear stability analysis and sharp interface formulation will also\nbe applicable to other examples of interface formation due to nonlinear\ndiffusion, like in porous media or in the problem of vortex motion in\nsuperconductors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field-induced transverse spin ordering in FeBr2: Weak first-order phase transitions from axial to oblique spin ordering in\nFeBr2 are evidenced by SQUID magnetometry in axial fields H1(T) above the\nmulticritical point, Hm = 2.4 MA/m, Tm = 4.6 K, and below the\nantiferro-to-paramagnetic phase line, Hc(T), in agreement with recent specific\nheat data (Aruga Katori et al., 1996). The ordering of the in-plane moments is\nprobably due to non-diagonal coupling to the longitudinal ones, both of which\nincrease dis-continuously at H1(T) only under an additional symmetry-breaking\ntransverse field.",
        "positive": "Scale-free coordination number disorder and multifractal size disorder\n  in weighted planar stochastic lattice: The square lattice is perhaps the simplest cellular structure. In this work,\nhowever, we investigate the various structural and topological properties of\nthe kinetic and stochastic counterpart of the square lattice and termed them as\nkinetic square lattice (KSL) and weighted planar stochastic lattice (WPSL)\nrespectively. We find that WPSL evolves following several non-trivial\nconservation laws, $\\sum_i^N x_i^{n-1} y_i^{{{4}\\over{n}}-1}={\\rm const.}\\\n\\forall \\ n$, where $x_i$ and $y_i$ are the length and width of the $i$th\nblock. The KSL, on the other hand, evolves following only one conservation law,\nnamely the total area, although one find three apparently different conserved\nintegrals which effectively the total area. We show that one of the conserved\nquantity of the WPSL obtained either by setting $n=1$ or $n=4$ can be used to\nperform multifractal analysis. For instance, we show that if the $i$th block is\npopulated with either $p_i\\sim x_i^3$ or $p_i\\sim y_i^3$ then the resulting\ndistribution in the WPSL exhibits multifractality. Furthermore, we show that\nthe dual of the WPSL, obtained by replacing each block with a node at its\ncenter and common border between blocks with an edge joining the two vertices,\nemerges as a scale-free network since its degree distribution exhibits\npower-law $P(k)\\sim k^{-\\gamma}$ with exponent $\\gamma=5.66$. It implies that\nthe coordination number distribution of the WPSL is scale-free in character as\nwe find that $P(k)$ also describes the fraction of blocks having $k$\nneighbours."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solutions for a coherent phenomenon of condensation in\n  conservative Hamiltonian systems: While it is known that Hamiltonian systems may undergo a phenomenon of\ncondensation akin to Bose-Einstein condensation, not all the manifestations of\nthis phenomenon have been uncovered yet. In this work, we present a novel form\nof condensation in conservative Hamiltonian systems, which happens through\ncoherent states and exploits the discreteness of our system. Both features\nmarkedly differ from well-known condensation processes in the literature. Our\nresult is based on a deterministic approach to obtain exact explicit solutions\nrepresenting the dynamical formation of condensates in finite time. We reveal a\ndual-cascade behavior during the process, featuring inverse and direct transfer\nof conserved quantities across the spectrum. The direct cascade yields the\nexcitation of high modes in finite time, a phenomenon quantified through the\nblow-up of Sobolev norms. We provide a fully analytic description of all the\nprocesses involved.",
        "positive": "Power-law behaviors from the two-variable Langevin equation: Ito's and\n  Stratonovich's Fokker-Planck equations: We study power-law behaviors produced from the stochastically dynamical\nsystem governed by the well-known two-variable Langevin equations. The\nstationary solutions of the corresponding Ito's, Stratonovich's and the\nZwanzig's (the backward Ito's) Fokker-Planck equations are solved under a new\nfluctuation-dissipation relation, which are presented in a unified form of the\npower-law distributions with a power index containing two parameter kappa and\nsigma, where kappa measures a distance away from the thermal equilibrium and\nsigma distinguishes the above three forms of the Fokker-Planck equations. The\nnumerical calculations show that the Ito's, the Stratonovich's and the\nZwanzig's form of the power-law distributions are all exactly the stationary\nsolutions based on the two-variable Langevin equations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tightest bound on hidden entropy production from partially observed\n  dynamics: Stochastic thermodynamics allows us to define heat and work for microscopic\nsystems far from thermodynamic equilibrium, based on observations of their\nstochastic dynamics. However, a complete account of the energetics necessitates\nthat all relevant nonequilibrium degrees of freedom are resolved, which is not\nfeasible in many experimental situations. A simple approach is to map the\nvisible dynamics onto a Markov model, which produces a lower-bound estimate of\nthe entropy production. The bound, however, can be quite loose, especially when\nthe visible dynamics only have small or vanishing observable currents. An\nalternative approach is presented that uses all observable data to find an\nunderlying hidden Markov model responsible for generating the observed\nnon-Markovian dynamics. For masked Markovian kinetic networks, one obtains the\ntightest possible lower bound on entropy production of the full dynamics that\nis compatible with the observable data. The formalism is illustrated with a\nsimple example system.",
        "positive": "Coarsening scenarios in unstable crystal growth: Crystal surfaces may undergo thermodynamical as well kinetic,\nout-of-equilibrium instabilities. We consider the case of mound and pyramid\nformation, a common phenomenon in crystal growth and a long-standing problem in\nthe field of pattern formation and coarsening dynamics. We are finally able to\nattack the problem analytically and get rigorous results. Three dynamical\nscenarios are possible: perpetual coarsening, interrupted coarsening, and no\ncoarsening. In the perpetual coarsening scenario, mound size increases in time\nas L=t^n, where the coasening exponent is n=1/3 when faceting occurs, otherwise\nn=1/4."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fourier's law from a chain of coupled planar harmonic oscillators under\n  energy conserving noise: We study the transport of heat along a chain of particles interacting through\na harmonic potential and subject to heat reservoirs at its ends. Each particle\nhas two degrees of freedom and is subject to a stochastic noise that produces\ninfinitesimal changes in the velocity while keeping the kinetic energy\nunchanged. This is modelled by means of a Langevin equation with multiplicative\nnoise. We show that the introduction of this energy conserving stochastic noise\nleads to Fourier's law. By means of an approximate solution that becomes exact\nin the thermodynamic limit, we also show that the heat conductivity $\\kappa$\nbehaves as $\\kappa = a L/(b+\\lambda L)$ for large values of the intensity\n$\\lambda$ of the energy conserving noise and large chain sizes $L$. Hence, we\nconclude that in the thermodynamic limit the heat conductivity is finite and\ngiven by $\\kappa=a/\\lambda$.",
        "positive": "Renormalization-group flow and asymptotic behaviors at the\n  Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions: We investigate the general features of the renormalization-group flow at the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition, providing a thorough\nquantitative description of the asymptotc critical behavior, including the\nmultiplicative and subleading logarithmic corrections. For this purpose, we\nconsider the RG flow of the sine-Gordon model around the renormalizable point\nwhich describes the BKT transition. We reduce the corresponding beta-functions\nto a universal canonical form, valid to all perturbative orders. Then, we\ndetermine the asymptotic solutions of the RG equations in various critical\nregimes: the infinite-volume critical behavior in the disordered phase, the\nfinite-size scaling limit for homogeneous systems of finite size, and the\ntrap-size scaling limit occurring in 2D bosonic particle systems trapped by an\nexternal space-dependent potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the weak confinement of kinks in the one-dimensional quantum\n  ferromagnet CoNb2O6: In a recent paper Coldea et al (2010 Science {\\bf 327} 177) report\nobservation of the weak confinement of kinks in the Ising spin chain\nferromagnet CoNb2O6 at low temperatures. To interpret the entire spectra of\nmagnetic excitations measured via neutron scattering, they introduce a\nphenomenological model, which takes into account only the two-kink\nconfigurations of the spin chain. We present the exact solution of this model.\nThe explicit expressions for the two-kink bound-state energy spectra and for\nthe relative intensities of neutron scattering on these magnetic modes are\nobtained in terms of the Bessel function.",
        "positive": "Slow relaxation in the two dimensional electron plasma under the strong\n  magnetic field: We study slow relaxation processes in the point vortex model for the\ntwo-dimensional pure electron plasma under the strong magnetic field. By\nnumerical simulations, it is shown that, from an initial state, the system\nundergoes the fast relaxation to a quasi-stationary state, and then goes\nthrough the slow relaxation to reach a final state. From analysis of simulation\ndata, we find (i) the time scale of the slow relaxation increases linearly to\nthe number of electrons if it is measured by the unit of the bulk rotation\ntime, (ii) during the slow relaxation process, each electron undergoes an\nsuperdiffusive motion, and (iii) the superdiffusive motion can be regarded as\nthe Levy flight, whose step size distribution is of the power law. The time\nscale that each electron diffuses over the system size turns out to be much\nshorter than that of the slow relaxation, which suggests that the correlation\namong the superdiffusive trajectories is important in the slow relaxation\nprocess."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Three-body decay of a rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate: We have measured the three-body decay of a Bose-Einstein condensate of\nrubidium ($^{87}$Rb) atoms prepared in the doubly polarized ground state\n$F=m_F=2$. Our data are taken for a peak atomic density in the condensate\nvarying between $2\\times 10^{14}$ cm$^{-3}$ at initial time and $7\\times\n10^{13}$ cm$^{-3}$, 16 seconds later. Taking into account the influence of the\nuncondensed atoms onto the decay of the condensate, we deduce a rate constant\nfor condensed atoms $L=1.8 (\\pm 0.5) \\times 10^{-29}$ cm$^{6} $s$^{-1}$. For\nthese densities we did not find a significant contribution of two-body\nprocesses such as spin dipole relaxation.",
        "positive": "Survival probability of random walks leaping over traps: We consider one-dimensional discrete-time random walks (RWs) in the presence\nof finite size traps of length $\\ell$ over which the RWs can jump. We study the\nsurvival probability of such RWs when the traps are periodically distributed\nand separated by a distance $L$. We obtain exact results for the mean\nfirst-passage time and the survival probability in the special case of a\ndouble-sided exponential jump distribution. While such RWs typically survive\nlonger than if they could not leap over traps, their survival probability still\ndecreases exponentially with the number of steps. The decay rate of the\nsurvival probability depends in a non-trivial way on the trap length $\\ell$ and\nexhibits an interesting regime when $\\ell\\rightarrow 0$ as it tends to the\nratio $\\ell/L$, which is reminiscent of strongly chaotic deterministic systems.\nWe generalize our model to continuous-time RWs, where we introduce a power-law\ndistributed waiting time before each jump. In this case, we find that the\nsurvival probability decays algebraically with an exponent that is independent\nof the trap length. Finally, we derive the diffusive limit of our model and\nshow that, depending on the chosen scaling, we obtain either diffusion with\nuniform absorption, or diffusion with periodically distributed point absorbers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hyperuniformity in the Manna Model, Conserved Directed Percolation and\n  Depinning: We use an exact mapping of the Manna model, or equivalently conserved\ndirected percolation, onto disordered elastic manifolds at depinning to show\nthat particle-density fluctuations in these two models are hyperuniform. The\nstructure factor of the particle density behaves for small $q$ as $S(q)\\sim\n|q|^\\sigma$ with $\\sigma={4-d-2\\zeta}$, where $\\zeta$ is the roughness exponent\nat depinning. In dimension $d=1$, $\\sigma=1/2$, while for all dimensions $0.6>\n\\sigma\\ge0$. Our results fit well known simulations in the literature, except\nin $d=1$, where we perform our own simulations to confirm our findings.",
        "positive": "Geometry of the order-disorder surface of the mean-field square lattice\n  Ising model with up to third-neighbor interactions: We revisit the field-free Ising model on a square lattice with up to\nthird-neighbour (nnnn) interactions, also known as the\n$J_{1}$--$J_{2}$--$J_{3}$ model, in the mean-field approximation. Using a\nsystematic enumeration procedure, we show that the region of phase space in\nwhich the high-temperature disordered phase is stable against all modes\nrepresenting periodic magnetisation patterns up to a given size is a convex\npolytope that can be obtained by solving a standard vertex enumeration problem.\nEach face of this polytope corresponds to a set of coupling constants for which\na single set of modes, equivalent up to a symmetry of the lattice, bifurcates\nfrom the disordered solution. While the structure of this polytope is simple in\nthe halfspace $J_{3}>0$, where the nnnn-interaction is ferromagnetic, it\nbecomes increasingly complex in the halfspace $J_{3}<0$, where the\nantiferromagnetic nnnn-interaction induces strong frustration. We characterize\na few salient properties of these `disorder polytopes' in terms of the geometry\nof the space of contributing modes. We then consider the limit\n$N\\rightarrow\\infty$ giving a closed form description of the order-disorder\nsurface in the thermodynamic limit, which shows that for $J_3 <0$ the emergent\nordered phases will have a `devil's surface'-like mode structure. Finally,\nusing Monte Carlo simulations, we show that for small periodic systems the\nmean-field analysis correctly predicts the dominant modes of the ordered phases\nthat develop for coupling constants associated with the centroid of the faces\nof the disorder polytope."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The fully frustrated XY model revisited: A new universality class: The two-dimensional ($2d$) fully frustrated Planar Rotator model on a square\nlattice has been the subject of a long controversy due to the simultaneous\n$Z_2$ and $O(2)$ symmetry existing in the model. The $O(2)$ symmetry being\nresponsible for the Berezinskii - Kosterlitz - Thouless transition ($BKT$)\nwhile the $Z_2$ drives an Ising-like transition. There are arguments supporting\ntwo possible scenarios, one advocating that the loss of $Ising$ and $BKT$ order\ntake place at the same temperature $T_{t}$ and the other that the $Z_2$\ntransition occurs at a higher temperature than the $BKT$ one. In the first case\nan immediate consequence is that this model is in a new universality class.\nMost of the studies take hand of some order parameter like the stiffness,\nBinder's cumulant or magnetization to obtain the transition temperature.\nConsidering that the transition temperatures are obtained, in general, as an\naverage over the estimates taken about several of those quantities, it is\ndifficult to decide if they are describing the same or slightly separate\ntransitions. In this paper we describe an iterative method based on the\nknowledge of the complex zeros of the energy probability distribution to study\nthe critical behavior of the system. The method is general with advantages over\nmost conventional techniques since it does not need to identify any order\nparameter \\emph{a priori}. The critical temperature and exponents can be\nobtained with good precision. We apply the method to study the Fully Frustrated\nPlanar Rotator ($PR$) and the Anisotropic Heisenberg ($XY$) models in two\ndimensions. We show that both models are in a new universality class with\n$T_{PR}=0.45286(32)$ and $T_{XY}=0.36916(16)$ and the transition exponent\n$\\nu=0.824(30)$ ($\\frac{1}{\\nu}=1.22(4)$).",
        "positive": "The Inverse Problem for Simple Liquid Metals a Study Case on Liquid\n  Aluminum at Melting Point: In an attempt to test the possibility of solving the inverse problem for\nliquid metals i.e. obtaining the effective pair potential from the experimental\nstructure factor, we solve the modified Hypernetted-Chain Integral equation for\nliquid aluminum at melting temperature to obtain the effective pair potential\nstarting from the experimental structure factor and compare it with the\npotential obtained from theoretical considerations. Then we use the potential\nobtained by solving the inverse problem in Monte Carlo simulation to test it,\nand the calculated structure factor of the liquid aluminum is compared with\nexperiment. We show that the solution of the inverse problem in such cases\ngives reasonable quantitative results, and reproduces the general features of\nthe pair potential and the results for the structure factor are not far from\nthe experimental measurements."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A study of phase separation processes in presence of dislocations in\n  binary systems subjected to irradiation: Dislocation-assisted phase separation processes in binary systems subjected\nto irradiation effect are studied analytically and numerically. Irradiation is\ndescribed by athermal atomic mixing in the form of ballistic flux with\nspatially correlated stochastic contribution. While studying the dynamics of\ndomain size growth we have shown that the dislocation mechanism of phase\ndecomposition delays the ordering processes. It is found that spatial\ncorrelations of the ballistic flux noise cause segregation of dislocation cores\nin the vicinity of interfaces effectively decreasing the interface width. A\ncompetition between regular and stochastic components of the ballistic flux is\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Quantum Quenches in Extended Systems: We study in general the time-evolution of correlation functions in a extended\nquantum system after the quench of a parameter in the hamiltonian. We show that\ncorrelation functions in d dimensions can be extracted using methods of\nboundary critical phenomena in d+1 dimensions. For d=1 this allows to use the\npowerful tools of conformal field theory in the case of critical evolution.\nSeveral results are obtained in generic dimension in the gaussian (mean-field)\napproximation. These predictions are checked against the real-time evolution of\nsome solvable models that allows also to understand which features are valid\nbeyond the critical evolution.\n  All our findings may be explained in terms of a picture generally valid,\nwhereby quasiparticles, entangled over regions of the order of the correlation\nlength in the initial state, then propagate with a finite speed through the\nsystem. Furthermore we show that the long-time results can be interpreted in\nterms of a generalized Gibbs ensemble. We discuss some open questions and\npossible future developments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Record statistics for random walks and L\u00e9vy flights with resetting: We compute exactly the mean number of records $\\langle R_N \\rangle$ for a\ntime-series of size $N$ whose entries represent the positions of a discrete\ntime random walker on the line. At each time step, the walker jumps by a length\n$\\eta$ drawn independently from a symmetric and continuous distribution\n$f(\\eta)$ with probability $1-r$ (with $0\\leq r < 1$) and with the\ncomplementary probability $r$ it resets to its starting point $x=0$. This is an\nexactly solvable example of a weakly correlated time-series that interpolates\nbetween a strongly correlated random walk series (for $r=0$) and an\nuncorrelated time-series (for $(1-r) \\ll 1$). Remarkably, we found that for\nevery fixed $r \\in [0,1[$ and any $N$, the mean number of records $\\langle R_N\n\\rangle$ is completely universal, i.e., independent of the jump distribution\n$f(\\eta)$. In particular, for large $N$, we show that $\\langle R_N \\rangle$\ngrows very slowly with increasing $N$ as $\\langle R_N \\rangle \\approx\n(1/\\sqrt{r})\\, \\ln N$ for $0<r <1$. We also computed the exact universal\ncrossover scaling functions for $\\langle R_N \\rangle$ in the two limits $r \\to\n0$ and $r \\to 1$. Our analytical predictions are in excellent agreement with\nnumerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Slow stretched-exponential and fast compressed-exponential relaxation\n  from local event dynamics: We propose an atomistic model for correlated particle dynamics in liquids and\nglasses predicting both slow stretched-exponential relaxation (SER) and fast\ncompressed-exponential relaxation (CER). The model is based on the key concept\nof elastically interacting local relaxation events. SER is related to slowing\ndown of dynamics of local relaxation events as a result of this interaction,\nwhereas CER is related to the avalanche-like dynamics in the low-temperature\nglass state. The model predicts temperature dependence of SER and CER seen\nexperimentally and recovers the simple, Debye, exponential decay at high\ntemperature. Finally, we reproduce SER to CER crossover across the glass\ntransition recently observed in metallic glasses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conformally Invariant Fractals and Potential Theory: The multifractal (MF) distribution of the electrostatic potential near any\nconformally invariant fractal boundary, like a critical O(N) loop or a $Q$\n-state Potts cluster, is solved in two dimensions. The dimension $\\hat\nf(\\theta)$ of the boundary set with local wedge angle $\\theta$ is $\\hat\nf(\\theta)=\\frac{\\pi}{\\theta} -\\frac{25-c}{12}\n\\frac{(\\pi-\\theta)^2}{\\theta(2\\pi-\\theta)}$, with $c$ the central charge of the\nmodel. As a corollary, the dimensions $D_{\\rm EP} =sup_{\\theta}\\hat f(\\theta)$\nof the external perimeter and $D_{\\rm H}$ of the hull of a Potts cluster obey\nthe duality equation $(D_{\\rm EP}-1)(D_{\\rm H}-1)={1/4}$. A related covariant\nMF spectrum is obtained for self-avoiding walks anchored at cluster boundaries.",
        "positive": "Quantum thermal transport through anharmonic systems: A self-consistent\n  approach: We propose a feasible and effective approach to study quantum thermal\ntransport through anharmonic systems. The main idea is to obtain an {\\it\neffective} harmonic Hamiltonian for the anharmonic system by applying the\nself-consistent phonon theory. Using the effective harmonic Hamiltonian we\nstudy thermal transport within the framework of nonequilibrium Green's function\nmethod using the celebrated Caroli formula. We corroborate our quantum\nself-consistent approach using the quantum master equation that can deal with\nanharmonicity exactly, but is limited to the weak system-bath coupling regime.\nFinally, in order demonstrate its strength we apply the quantum self-consistent\napproach to study thermal rectification in a weakly coupled two segment\nanharmonic system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy reduction from a detailed fluctuation theorem for a\n  nonequilibrium stochastic system driven under feedback control: We show explicitly the entropy reduction from a detailed fluctuation theorem\nfor the general stochastic system driven by nonequilibrium process under\nfeedback control. The effect of interaction of the feedback controller with the\nsystem is to reduce the entropy of the system. We define the entropy reduction\nfor the single trajectory and show that the overall entropy production for the\nstochastic system with feedback control can be either positive or negative. The\nnegative entropy production has been studied earlier for a simple system with\nvelocity dependent feedback control [K. H. Kim and H. Qian, Phys. Rev. Lett.\n{\\bf 93}, 120602 (2004)]. Our general approach provides the overall positive or\nnegative entropy production irrespective of velocity dependent and position\ndependent feedback control.",
        "positive": "Dyadic Cantor set and its kinetic and stochastic counterpart: Firstly, we propose and investigate a dyadic Cantor set (DCS) and its kinetic\ncounterpart where a generator divides an interval into two equal parts and\nremoves one with probability $(1-p)$. The generator is then applied at each\nstep to all the existing intervals in the case of DCS and to only one interval,\npicked with probability according to interval size, in the case of kinetic DCS.\nSecondly, we propose a stochastic DCS in which, unlike the kinetic DCS, the\ngenerator divides an interval randomly instead of equally into two parts.\nFinally, the models are solved analytically; an exact expression for fractal\ndimension in each case is presented and the relationship between fractal\ndimension and the corresponding conserved quantity is pointed out. Besides, we\nshow that the interval size distribution function in both variants of DCS\nexhibits dynamic scaling and we verify it numerically using the idea of\ndata-collapse."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimization of robustness of scale-free network to random and targeted\n  attacks: The scale-fee networks, having connectivity distribution $P(k)\\sim\nk^{-\\alpha}$ (where $k$ is the site connectivity), is very resilient to random\nfailures but fragile to intentional attack. The purpose of this paper is to\nfind the network design guideline which can make the robustness of the network\nto both random failures and intentional attack maximum while keeping the\naverage connectivity $<k>$ per node constant. We find that when $<k>=3$ the\nrobustness of the scale-free networks reach its maximum value if the minimal\nconnectivity $m=1$, but when $<k>$ is larger than four, the networks will\nbecome more robust to random failures and targeted attacks as the minimal\nconnectivity $m$ gets larger.",
        "positive": "Orientational Distribution of an Active Brownian Particle: an analytical\n  study: We use the Fokker Planck equation as a starting point for studying the\norientational probability distribution of an Active Brownian Particle (ABP) in\n$(d+1)$ dimensions. This Fokker Planck equation admits an exact solution in\nseries form which is, however, unwieldly to use because of poor convergence for\nshort and intermediate times. A truncated version of this series is a\nreasonable approximation for long times. In this paper, we present an\nanalytical closed form expression, which gives a good approximate orientational\nprobability distribution, which is derived using saddle point methods for short\ntimes. However, it works well even for intermediate times. Thus, we have simple\nanalytical forms for the ${\\it entire}$ range of time scales for the\norientational probability distribution of an ABP. Our predictions can be tested\nagainst future experiments and simulations probing orientational probability\ndistribution of an ABP."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reduced description method in the kinetic theory of Brownian motion with\n  active fluctuations: We develop a microscopic approach to the kinetic theory of many-particle\nsystems with dissipative and potential interactions in presence of active\nfluctuations. The approach is based on a generalization of\nBogolyubov--Peletminsky reduced description method applied to the systems of\nmany active particles. It is shown that the microscopic approach developed\nallows to construct the kinetic theory of two- and three-dimensional systems of\nactive particles in presence of non-linear friction (dissipative interaction)\nand an external random field with active fluctuations. The kinetic equations\nfor these systems in case of a weak interaction between the particles (both\npotential and dissipative) and low-intensity active fluctuations are obtained.\nWe demonstrate particular cases in which the derived kinetic equations have\nsolutions that match the results known in the literature. It is shown that the\ndisplay of the head-tail asymmetry and self-propelling even in the case of a\nlinear friction, is one of the consequences of the local nature of the active\nfluctuations.",
        "positive": "Microscopic analysis of thermo-orientation in systems of off-centre\n  Lennard-Jones particles: When fluids of anisotropic molecules are placed in temperature gradients, the\nmolecules may align themselves along the gradient: this is called\nthermo-orientation. We discuss the theory of this effect in a fluid of\nparticles that interact by a spherically symmetric potential, where the\nparticles' centres of mass do not coincide with their interaction centres.\nStarting from the equations of motion of the molecules, we show how a simple\nassumption of local equipartition of energy can be used to predict the\nthermo-orientation effect, recovering the result of Wirnsberger et al. [Phys.\nRev. Lett. 120, 226001 (2018)]. Within this approach, we show that for\nparticles with a single interaction centre, the thermal centre of the molecule\nmust coincide with the interaction centre. The theory also explains the\ncoupling between orientation and kinetic energy that is associated with this\nnon-Boltzmann distribution. We discuss deviations from this local equipartition\nassumption, showing that these can occur in linear response to a temperature\ngradient. We also present numerical simulations showing significant deviations\nfrom the local equipartition predictions, which increase as the centre of mass\nof the molecule is displaced further from its interaction centre."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Differential Equation of Thermal Equilibrium, Quantum Conditions, and\n  Relation between Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac, and Bose-Einstein Distributions: The Boltzmann distribution is commonly interpreted as a classical\napproximation of the quantum-mechanical Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein\ndistributions. We arrive at a different conclusion by directly investigating\nthe three equilibrium distributions without considering statistical variations.\nA general differential equation of thermal equilibrium is obtained that applies\nto any particles. Simple integration yields the Boltzmann distribution.\nFurthermore, quantum conditions are established, ruling the occupation numbers\nof (i) fermions by utilizing Pauli's exclusion principle and (ii) bosons by\nutilizing Einstein's rate-equation approach to Planck's law of blackbody\nradiation. By exploiting the respective quantum condition, integration of the\nsame differential equation of thermal equilibrium yields either the Fermi-Dirac\nor the Bose-Einstein distribution. It suggests that the Boltzmann distribution\nis a general distribution of thermal equilibrium, whereas the Fermi-Dirac and\nBose-Einstein distributions are special cases of the Boltzmann distribution,\nruled by specific conditions. This suggestion is further underlined by the fact\nthat inserting the respective quantum condition directly into the Boltzmann\ndistribution delivers either the Fermi-Dirac or the Bose-Einstein distribution.\nThis finding implies that fermions and bosons simultaneously obey both their\nown specific and the general Boltzmann distribution.",
        "positive": "Macroscopic effects of localised measurements in jammed states of\n  quantum spin chains: A quantum jammed state can be seen as a state where the phase space available\nto particles shrinks to zero, an interpretation quite accurate in integrable\nsystems, where stable quasiparticles scatter elastically. We consider the\nintegrable dual folded XXZ model, which is equivalent to the XXZ model in the\nlimit of large anisotropy. We perform a jamming-breaking localised measurement\nin a jammed state. We find that jamming is locally restored, but local\nobservables exhibit nontrivial time evolution on macroscopic, ballistic scales,\nwithout ever relaxing back to their initial values."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Flocking with discrete symmetry: the 2d Active Ising Model: We study in detail the active Ising model, a stochastic lattice gas where\ncollective motion emerges from the spontaneous breaking of a discrete symmetry.\nOn a 2d lattice, active particles undergo a diffusion biased in one of two\npossible directions (left and right) and align ferromagnetically their\ndirection of motion, hence yielding a minimal flocking model with discrete\nrotational symmetry. We show that the transition to collective motion amounts\nin this model to a bona fide liquid-gas phase transition in the canonical\nensemble. The phase diagram in the density/velocity parameter plane has a\ncritical point at zero velocity which belongs to the Ising universality class.\nIn the density/temperature \"canonical\" ensemble, the usual critical point of\nthe equilibrium liquid-gas transition is sent to infinite density because the\ndifferent symmetries between liquid and gas phases preclude a supercritical\nregion. We build a continuum theory which reproduces qualitatively the behavior\nof the microscopic model. In particular we predict analytically the shapes of\nthe phase diagrams in the vicinity of the critical points, the binodal and\nspinodal densities at coexistence, and the speeds and shapes of the\nphase-separated profiles.",
        "positive": "An old efficient approach to anomalous Brownian motion: A number of random processes in various fields of science is described by\nphenomenological equations containing a stochastic force, the best known\nexample being the Langevin equation (LE) for the Brownian motion (BM) of\nparticles. Long ago Vladimirsky (1942) proposed a simple method for solving\nsuch equations. The method, based on the classical Gibbs statistics, consists\nin converting the stochastic LE into a deterministic one, and is applicable to\nlinear equations with any kind of memory. When the memory effects are taken\ninto account in the description of the BM, the mean square displacement of the\nparticle at long times can exhibit an \"anomalous\" (different from that in the\nEinstein theory) time dependence. In the present paper we show how some general\nproperties of such anomalous BM can be easily derived using the Vladimirsky\napproach. The method can be effectively used in solving many of the problems\ncurrently considered in the literature. We apply it to the description of the\nBM when the memory kernel in the Volterra-type integro-differential LE\nexponentially decreases with the time. The problem of the hydrodynamic BM of a\ncharged particle in an external magnetic field is also solved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Encounter-based approach to diffusion with resetting: An encounter-based approach consists in using the boundary local time as a\nproxy for the number of encounters between a diffusing particle and a target to\nimplement various surface reaction mechanisms on that target. In this paper, we\ninvestigate the effects of stochastic resetting onto diffusion-controlled\nreactions in bounded confining domains. We first discuss the effect of position\nresetting onto the propagator and related quantities; in this way, we retrieve\na number of earlier results but also provide complementary insights onto them.\nSecond, we introduce boundary local time resetting and investigate its impact.\nCuriously, we find that this type of resetting does not alter the conventional\npropagator governing the diffusive dynamics in the presence of a partially\nreactive target with a constant reactivity. In turn, the generalized propagator\nfor other surface reaction mechanisms can be significantly affected. Our\ngeneral results are illustrated for diffusion on an interval with reactive\nendpoints. Further perspectives and some open problems are discussed.",
        "positive": "Adatom interaction effects in surface diffusion: Motivated by recent research of Nikitin et al. (J.Phys.D vol. 49,\n055301(2009)), we examine the effects of interatomic interactions on adatom\nsurface diffusion. By using a mean-field approach in the random walk problem,\nwe derive a nonlinear diffusion equation and analyze its solutions. The results\nof our analysis are in good agreement with direct numerical simulations of the\ncorresponding discrete model. It is shown that by analyzing a time dependence\nof adatom concentration profiles one can estimate the type and strength of\ninteratomic interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Integrable and chaotic dynamics of spins coupled to an optical cavity: We show that a class of random all-to-all spin models, realizable in systems\nof atoms coupled to an optical cavity, gives rise to a rich dynamical phase\ndiagram due to the pairwise separable nature of the couplings. By controlling\nthe experimental parameters, one can tune between integrable and chaotic\ndynamics on the one hand, and between classical and quantum regimes on the\nother hand. For two special values of a spin-anisotropy parameter, the model\nexhibits rational-Gaudin type integrability and it is characterized by an\nextensive set of spin-bilinear integrals of motion, independent of the spin\nsize. More generically, we find a novel integrable structure with conserved\ncharges that are not purely bilinear. Instead, they develop `dressing tails' of\nhigher-body terms, reminiscent of the dressed local integrals of motion found\nin Many-Body Localized phases. Surprisingly, this new type of integrable\ndynamics found in finite-size spin-1/2 systems disappears in the large-$S$\nlimit, giving way to classical chaos. We identify parameter regimes for\ncharacterizing these different dynamical behaviors in realistic experiments, in\nlight of the limitations set by cavity dissipation.",
        "positive": "Information propagation and equilibration in long-range Kitaev chains: We study the propagation of information through a Kitaev chain with\nlong-range pairing interactions. Although the Lieb-Robinson bound is violated\nin the strict sense for long-range interacting systems, we illustrate that a\nmajor amount of information in this model still propagates ballistically on a\nlight cone. We find a pronounced effect of the interaction range on the decay\nof the mutual information between spatially disconnected subsystems. A\nsignificant amount of information is shared at time-like separations. This\nregime is accompanied by very slow equilibration of local observables. As the\nKitaev model is quasi-free, we illustrate how the distribution of\nquasi-particle group velocities explains the physics of this system\nqualitatively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical-quantum crossover in the critical behavior of the transverse\n  field S-K spin glass model: We study the critical behavior of Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model in transverse\nfield (at finite temperature) using Monte Carlo simulation and exact\ndiagonalization (at zero temperature). We determine the phase diagram of the\nmodel by estimating the Binder cumulant. We also determine the correlation\nlength exponent from the collapse of the scaled data. Our numerical studies\nhere indicate that critical Binder cumulant (indicating the universality class\nof the transition behavior) and the correlation length exponent cross over from\ntheir `classical' to `quantum' values at a finite temperature (unlike the cases\nof pure systems where such crossovers occur at zero temperature). We propose a\nqualitative argument supporting such an observation, employing a simple\ntunneling picture.",
        "positive": "Gibbs versus non-Gibbs distributions in money dynamics: We review a simple model of closed economy, where the economic agents make\nmoney transactions and a saving criterion is present. We observe the Gibbs\ndistribution for zero saving propensity, and non-Gibbs distributions otherwise.\nWhile the exact solution in the case of zero saving propensity is already known\nto be given by the Gibbs distribution, here we provide the explicit analytical\nform of the equilibrium distribution for the general case of nonzero saving\npropensity. We verify it through comparison with numerical data and show that\nit can be cast in the form of a Poisson distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalization of the possible algebraic basis of $q$-triplets: The so called $q$-triplets were conjectured in 2004 and then found in nature\nin 2005. A relevant further step was achieved in 2005 when the possibility was\nadvanced that they could reflect an entire infinite algebra based on\ncombinations of the self-dual relations $q \\to 2-q$ ({\\it additive duality})\nand $q \\to 1/q$ ({\\it multiplicative duality}). The entire algebra collapses\ninto the single fixed point $q=1$, corresponding to the Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy\nand statistical mechanics. For $q \\ne 1$, an infinite set of indices $q$\nappears, corresponding in principle to an infinite number of physical\nproperties of a given complex system describable in terms of the so called\n$q$-statistics. The basic idea that is put forward is that, for a given\nuniversality class of systems, a small number (typically one or two) of\nindependent $q$ indices exist, the infinite others being obtained from these\nfew ones by simply using the relations of the algebra. The $q$-triplets appear\nto constitute a few central elements of the algebra. During the last decade, an\nimpressive amount of $q$-triplets have been exhibited in analytical,\ncomputational, experimental and observational results in natural, artificial\nand social systems. Some of them do satisfy the available algebra constructed\nsolely with the additive and multiplicative dualities, but some others seem to\nviolate it. In the present work we generalize those two dualities with the hope\nthat a wider set of systems can be handled within. The basis of the\ngeneralization is given by the {\\it selfdual} relation $q \\to q_a(q) \\equiv\n\\frac{(a+2) -aq}{a-(a-2)q} \\,\\, (a \\in {\\cal R})$. We verify that $q_a(1)=1$,\nand that $q_2(q)=2-q$ and $q_0(q)=1/q$. To physically motivate this\ngeneralization, we briefly review illustrative applications of $q$-statistics,\nin order to exhibit possible candidates where the present generalized algebras\ncould be useful.",
        "positive": "Stability analysis of the classical ideal gas in nonextensive statistics\n  and the negative specific heat: We present a stability analysis of the classical ideal gas in a new theory of\nnonextensive statistics and use the theory to understand the phenomena of\nnegative specific heat in some self-gravitating systems. The stability analysis\nis made on the basis of the second variation of Tsallis entropy. It is shown\nthat the system is thermodynamically unstable if the nonextensive parameter is\nq>5/3, which is exactly equivalent to the condition of appearance of the\nnegative specific heat."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of Ginzburg's $\u03a8$-theory for the Casimir force in\n  $^4$He superfluid films: We present an analytical solution of the Ginzburg's $\\Psi$-theory for the\nbehavior of the Casimir force in a film of $^4$He in equilibrium with its vapor\nnear the superfluid transition point, and we revisit the corresponding\nexperiments in light of our findings. We find reasonably good agreement between\nthe $\\Psi$-theory predictions and the experimental data. Our calculated force\nis attractive, and the largest absolute value of the scaling function is\n$1.848$, while experiment yields $1.30$. The position of the extremum is\npredicted to be at $x=(L/\\xi_0)(T/T_\\lambda-1)^{1/\\nu}=\\pi$, while experiment\nis consistent with $x=3.8$. Here $L$ is the thickness of the film, $T_\\lambda$\nis the bulk critical temperature and $\\xi_0$ is the correlation length\namplitude of the system for $T>T_\\lambda$.",
        "positive": "Susceptibilities for the M\u00fcller-Hartmann-Zitartz countable infinity of\n  phase transitions on a Cayley tree: We obtain explicit susceptibilities for the countable infinity of phase\ntransition temperatures of M\\\"{u}ller-Hartmann-Zitartz on a Cayley tree. The\nsusceptibilities are a product of the zeroth spin with the sum of an\nappropriate set of averages of spins on the outermost layer of the tree. A\nclear physical understanding for these strange phase transitions emerges\nnaturally. In the thermodynamic limit, the susceptibilities tend to zero above\nthe transition and to infinity below it."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "What mathematical billiards teach us about statistical physics?: We survey applications of the theory of hyperbolic (and to a lesser extent\nnon hyperbolic) billiards to some fundamental problems of statistical physics\nand their mathematically rigorous derivations in the framework of classical\nHamiltonian systems.",
        "positive": "The symbiotic contact process: phase transitions, hysteresis cycles, and\n  bistability: We performed Monte Carlo simulations of the symbiotic contact process on\ndifferent spatial dimensions ($d$). On the complete and random graphs (infinite\ndimension), we observe hysteresis cycles and bistable regions, what is\nconsistent with the discontinuous absorbing-state phase transition predicted by\nmean-field theory. By contrast, on a regular square lattice, we find no signs\nof bistability or hysteretic behavior. This result suggests that the transition\nin two dimensions is rather continuous. Based on our numerical observations, we\nconjecture that the nature of the transition changes at the upper critical\ndimension ($d_c$), from continuous ($d<d_c$) to discontinuous ($d>d_c$)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Is the purely biquadratic spin 1 chain always massive?: It is shown that the sl(2)q-invariant open antiferromagnetic XXZ spin chain\nwith a boundary field has a gapless sector in the thermodynamic limit when its\nlength is odd. Owing to a Temperley-Lieb equivalence of the spectra, the same\nconclusion is drawn for the purely biquadratic spin 1 chain with open\nboundaries and odd length.",
        "positive": "Quantum quenches in the sinh-Gordon model: steady state and one point\n  correlation functions: We consider quantum quenches to the sinh-Gordon integrable quantum field\ntheory from a particular class of initial states. Our analysis includes the\ncase of mass and interaction quenches starting from a non-interacting theory.\nBy means of the recently developed quench action method, we fully characterize\nthe stationary state reached at long times after the quench in terms of the\ncorresponding rapidity distribution. We also provide exact results for the\nexpectation values of arbitrary vertex operators in the post-quench stationary\nstate by proposing a formula based on the analogy with the standard\nthermodynamic Bethe ansatz. Finally, we comment on the behavior of the\npost-quench stationary state under the mapping between the sinh-Gordon field\ntheory and the one-dimensional Lieb-Liniger model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interaction-induced interference for two independent Bose-Einstein\n  condensates: After removing the double-well potential trapping two initially independent\nBose condensates, the density expectation value is calculated when both the\nexchange symmetry of identical bosons and interatomic interaction are\nconsidered. The density expectation value and evolution equations are obtained\nbased on both the first-quantization and second-quantization methods. When the\ninteratomic interaction is considered carefully, after the overlapping of two\ninitially independent condensates, it is shown that there is a nonzero\ninterference term in the density expectation value. It is found that the\ncalculated density expectation value with this model agrees with the\ninterference pattern observed in the experiment by Andrews (Science 275, 637\n(1997)). The nonzero interference term in the density expectation value\nphysically arises from the exchange symmetry of identical bosons and\ninteratomic interaction which make two initially independent condensates become\ncoherent after the overlapping. For two initially independent condensates, our\nresearches show that there is an interaction-induced coherence process.",
        "positive": "Dynamic Phase Transition in the Kinetic Spin-3/2 Blume-Capel Model:\n  Phase Diagrams in the Temperature and Crystal-Field Interaction Plane: We analyze, within a mean-field approach, the stationary states of the\nkinetic spin-3/2 Blume-Capel model by the Glauber-type stochastic dynamics and\nsubject to a time-dependent oscillating external magnetic field. The dynamic\nphase transition points are obtained by investigating the behavior of the\ndynamic magnetization as a function of temperature and as well as calculating\nthe Liapunov exponent. Phase diagrams are constructed in the temperature and\ncrystal-field interaction plane. We find five fundamental types of phase\ndiagrams for the different values of the reduced magnetic field amplitude\nparameter (h) in which they present a disordered, two ordered phases and the\ncoexistences phase regions. The phase diagrams also exhibit a dynamic double\ncritical end point for 0<h<1.44, one dynamic tricritical point for 1.44<h<5.06\nand two dynamic tricritical points for h>5.06."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetics of a Network of Vortex Loops in He II and a Theory of\n  Superfluid Turbulence: A theory is developed to describe the superfluid turbulence on the base of\nkinetics of the merging and splitting vortex loops. Because of very frequent\nreconnections the vortex loops (as a whole) do not live long enough to perform\nany essential evolution due to the deterministic motion. On the contrary, they\nrapidly merge and split, and these random recombination processes prevail over\nother slower dynamic processes. To develop quantitative description we take the\nvortex loops to have a Brownian structure with the only degree of freedom,\nwhich is the length $l$ of the loop. We perform investigation on the base of\nthe Boltzmann type kinetic equation for the distribution function $n(l)$ of\nnumber of loops with length $l$. By use of the special ansatz in the collision\nintegral we have found the exact power-like solution to kinetic equation in the\nstationary case. This solution is not (thermodynamically) equilibrium, but on\nthe contrary, it describes the state with two mutual fluxes of the length (or\nenergy) in space of sizes of the vortex loops. The term flux means just\nredistribution of length (or energy) among the loops of different sizes due to\nreconnections. Analyzing this solution we drew several results on the structure\nand dynamics of the vortex tangle in the turbulent superfluid helium. In\nparticular, we evaluated the mean radius of the curvature and the full rate of\nthe reconnection events. We also studied the evolution of the full length of\nvortex loops per unit volume-the so-called vortex line density. It is shown\nthis evolution to obey the famous Vinen equation. The properties of the Vinen\nequation from the point of view of the developed approach had been discussed.",
        "positive": "Sampling rare events across dynamical phase transitions: Interacting particle systems with many degrees of freedom may undergo phase\ntransitions to sustain atypical fluctuations of dynamical observables such as\nthe current or the activity. This leads in some cases to symmetry-broken\nspace-time trajectories which enhance the probability of such events due to the\nemergence of ordered structures. Despite their conceptual and practical\nimportance, these dynamical phase transitions (DPTs) at the trajectory level\nare difficult to characterize due to the low probability of their occurrence.\nHowever, during the last decade advanced computational techniques have been\ndeveloped to measure rare events in simulations of many-particle systems that\nallow for the first time the direct observation and characterization of these\nDPTs. Here we review the application of a particular rare-event simulation\ntechnique, based on cloning Monte Carlo methods, to characterize DPTs in\nparadigmatic stochastic lattice gases. In particular, we describe in detail\nsome tricks and tips of the trade, paying special attention to the measurement\nof order parameters capturing the physics of the different DPTs, as well as to\nthe finite-size effects (both in the system size and number of clones) that\naffect the measurements. Overall, we provide a consistent picture of the\nphenomenology associated with DPTs and their measurement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-Organised Optimality in Driven Systems with Symmetrical\n  Interactions: Extremal principles are fundamental in our interpretation of phenomena in\nnature. One of the best known examples is the second law of thermodynamics,\ngoverning most physical and chemical systems and stating the continuous\nincrease of entropy in closed systems. Biological and social systems, however,\nare usually open and characterised by self-organised structures. Being results\nof an evolutionary optimisation process, one may conjecture that such systems\nuse resources like energy very efficiently, but there is no proof for this.\nRecent results on driven systems indicate that systems composed of competing\nentities tend to reach a state of self-organised optimality associated with\nminimal interaction or minimal dissipation, respectively. Using concepts from\nnon-equilibrium thermodynamics and game theoretical ideas, we will show that\nthis is universal to an even wider class of systems which, generally speaking,\nhave the ability to reach a state of maximal overall ``success''. This\nprinciple is expected to be relevant for driven systems in physics, but its\nmain significance concerns biological and social systems, for which only a\nlimited number of quantitative principles are available yet.",
        "positive": "Machine learning method for single trajectory characterization: In order to study transport in complex environments, it is extremely\nimportant to determine the physical mechanism underlying diffusion, and\nprecisely characterize its nature and parameters. Often, this task is strongly\nimpacted by data consisting of trajectories with short length and limited\nlocalization precision. In this paper, we propose a machine learning method\nbased on a random forest architecture, which is able to associate even very\nshort trajectories to the underlying diffusion mechanism with a high accuracy.\nIn addition, the method is able to classify the motion according to normal or\nanomalous diffusion, and determine its anomalous exponent with a small error.\nThe method provides highly accurate outputs even when working with very short\ntrajectories and in the presence of experimental noise. We further demonstrate\nthe application of transfer learning to experimental and simulated data not\nincluded in the training/testing dataset. This allows for a full, high-accuracy\ncharacterization of experimental trajectories without the need of any prior\ninformation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature dependence of ESR intensity for the nanoscale molecular\n  magnet V15: The electron spin resonance (ESR) of nanoscale molecular magnet ${\\rm\nV}_{15}$ is studied. Since the Hamiltonian of ${\\rm V}_{15}$ has a large\nHilbert space and numerical calculations of the ESR signal evaluating the Kubo\nformula with exact diagonalization method is difficult, we implement the\nformula with the help of the random vector technique and the Chebyshev\npolynominal expansion, which we name the double Chebyshev expansion method. We\ncalculate the temperature dependence of the ESR intensity of ${\\rm V}_{15}$ and\ncompare it with the data obtained in experiment. As another complementary\napproach, we also implement the Kubo formula with the subspace iteration method\ntaking only important low-lying states into account. We study the ESR\nabsorption curve below $100{\\rm K}$ by means of both methods. We find that side\npeaks appear due to the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction and these peaks grows\nas temperature decreases.",
        "positive": "Random-anisotropy mixed-spin Ising on a triangular lattice: We have studied the mixed spin-1/2 and 1 Ising ferrimagnetic system with a\nrandom anisotropy on a triangular lattice with three interpenetrating\nsublattices $A$, $B$, and $C$. The spins on the sublattices are represented by\n$\\sigma_{A}$ (states $\\pm1/2$), $\\sigma_{B}$ (states $\\pm1/2$), and $S_{C}$\n(states $\\pm1$, $0$). We have performed Monte Carlo simulations to obtain the\nphase diagram temperature $k_{\\text{B}}T/\\left|J\\right|$ versus the strength of\nthe random anisotropy $D/\\left|J\\right|$. The phase boundary between two\nferrimagnetic $FR_{1}$ and $FR_{2}$ phases at lower temperatures are always\nfirst-order for $p<0.25$ and second-order phase transition between the\n$FR_{1}$, $FR_{2}$ and the paramagnetic $P$ phases. On the other hand, for\nvalues of $p\\gtrapprox0.5$, the phase diagram presents only second-order phase\ntransition lines."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of charge fluctuations from asymmetric initial states: Conserved-charge densities are very special observables in quantum many-body\nsystems as, by construction, they encode information about the dynamics.\nTherefore, their evolution is expected to be of much simpler interpretation\nthan that of generic observables and to return universal information on the\nstate of the system at any given time. Here we study the dynamics of the\nfluctuations of conserved U(1) charges in systems that are prepared in\ncharge-asymmetric initial states. We characterise the charge fluctuations in a\ngiven subsystem using the full-counting statistics of the truncated charge and\nthe quantum entanglement between the subsystem and the rest resolved to the\nsymmetry sectors of the charge. We show that, even though the initial states\nconsidered are homogeneous in space, the charge fluctuations generate an\neffective inhomogeneity due to the charge-asymmetric nature of the initial\nstates. We use this observation to map the problem into that of charge\nfluctuations on inhomogeneous, charge-symmetric states and treat it using a\nrecently developed space-time duality approach. Specialising the treatment to\ninteracting integrable systems we combine the space-time duality approach with\ngeneralised hydrodynamics to find explicit predictions.",
        "positive": "Finite-size scaling and conformal anomaly of the Ising model in curved\n  space: We study the finite-size scaling of the free energy of the Ising model on\nlattices with the topology of the tetrahedron and the octahedron. Our\nconstruction allows to perform changes in the length scale of the model without\naltering the distribution of the curvature in the space. We show that the\nsubleading contribution to the free energy follows a logarithmic dependence, in\nagreement with the conformal field theory prediction. The conformal anomaly is\ngiven by the sum of the contributions computed at each of the conical\nsingularities of the space, except when perfect order of the spins is precluded\nby frustration in the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics and the Evolution of Stochastic Populations: The appeal of thermodynamics to problems outside physics is undeniable, as is\nthe growing recognition of its apparent universality, yet in the absence of a\nrigorous formalism divorced from the peculiarities of molecular systems all\nattempts to generalize thermodynamics remain qualitative and heuristic at best.\nIn this paper we formulate a probabilistic theory of thermodynamics and and set\nthe basis for its application to generic stochastic populations.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic behavior of the solution of the space dependent variable\n  order fractional diffusion equation: ultra-slow anomalous aggregation: We find for the first time the asymptotic representation of the solution to\nthe space dependent variable order fractional diffusion and Fokker-Planck\nequations. We identify a new advection term that causes ultra-slow spatial\naggregation of subdiffusive particles due to dominance over the standard\nadvection and diffusion terms, in the long-time limit. This uncovers the\nanomalous mechanism by which non-uniform distributions can occur. We perform\nexperiments on intracellular lysosomal distributions and Monte Carlo\nsimulations and find excellent agreement between the asymptotic solution,\nparticle histograms and experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Diagram of a Two-Species Lattice Model with a Linear Instability: We review recent progress in understanding the full phase diagram of a\none-dimensional, driven, two-species lattice model [Lahiri and Ramaswamy, PRL\n79 (1997) 1150] in which the mobility of each species depends on the density of\nthe other. The model shows three phases. The first is characterised by phase\nseparation of an exceptionally robust sort, termed Strong Phase Separation,\nwhich survives at all temperature. The second phase has trivial static\ncorrelations, but density fluctuations are transported by a pair of kinematic\nwaves involving both species. In the most interesting case, the two linearised\neigenmodes, although nonlinearly coupled, have different dynamic exponents. The\nthird ``phase'' arises at the phase boundary between the first two. Here, the\nfirst species evolves autonomously, but its fluctuations influence the\nevolution of the second, as in the passive scalar problem. The second species\nthen shows phase separation of a delicate sort, with density fluctuations\npersisting even in the large-size limit. This fluctuation-dominated phase\nordering is associated with power law decays in cluster size distributions and\na breakdown of the Porod law.",
        "positive": "Quantum Statistics with Classical Particles: Indistinguishability of particles is normally considered to be an inherently\nquantum property which cannot be possessed by a classical theory. However,\nSaunders has argued that this is incorrect, and that classically\nindistinguishable particles are possible. I make this suggestion concrete by\ndescribing a class of microscopic classical theories involving\nindistinguishable particles hopping stochastically on a graph, and show that it\nshould be possible to experimentally create a physical system realizing a\nsimple model by continuously observing atoms trapped in an optical lattice. The\nindistinguishable classical particles obey Bose-Einstein statistics, display\nthe associated clustering phenomena, and in appropriate models, can even\nundergo Bose-Einstein condensation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "About an H-theorem for systems with non-conservative interactions: We exhibit some arguments in favour of an H-theorem for a generalization of\nthe Boltzmann equation including non-conservative interactions and a linear\nFokker-Planck-like thermostatting term. Such a non-linear equation describing\nthe evolution of the single particle probability $P_i(t)$ of being in state $i$\nat time $t$, is a suitable model for granular gases and is indicated here as\nBoltzmann-Fokker-Planck (BFP) equation. The conjectured H-functional, which\nappears to be non-increasing, is $H_C(t)=\\sum_i P_i(t) \\ln P_i(t)/\\Pi_i$ with\n$\\Pi_i = \\lim_{t \\to \\infty} P_i(t)$, in analogy with the H-functional of\nMarkov processes. The extension to continuous states is straightforward. A\nsimple proof can be given for the elastic BFP equation. A semi-analytical proof\nis also offered for the BFP equation for so-called inelastic Maxwell molecules.\nOther evidence is obtained by solving particular BFP cases through numerical\nintegration or through \"particle schemes\" such as the Direct Simulation Monte\nCarlo.",
        "positive": "Spin operator matrix elements in the quantum Ising chain: fermion\n  approach: Using some modification of the standard fermion technique we derive\nfactorized formula for spin operator matrix elements (form-factors) between\ngeneral eigenstates of the Hamiltonian of quantum Ising chain in a transverse\nfield of finite length. The derivation is based on the approach recently used\nto derive factorized formula for Z_N-spin operator matrix elements between\nground eigenstates of the Hamiltonian of the Z_N-symmetric superintegrable\nchiral Potts quantum chain. The obtained factorized formulas for the matrix\nelements of Ising chain coincide with the corresponding expressions obtained by\nthe Separation of Variables Method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fourth virial coefficient of additive hard-sphere mixtures in the\n  Percus-Yevick and hypernetted-chain approximations: The fourth virial coefficient of additive hard-sphere mixtures, as predicted\nby the Percus-Yevick (PY) and hypernetted-chain (HNC) theories, is derived via\nthe compressibility, virial, and chemical-potential routes, the outcomes being\ncompared with exact results. Except in the case of the HNC compressibility\nroute, the other five expressions exhibit a common structure involving the\nfirst three moments of the size distribution. In both theories the\nchemical-potential route is slightly better than the virial one and the best\nbehavior is generally presented by the compressibility route. Moreover, the PY\nresults with any of the three routes are more accurate than any of the HNC\nresults.",
        "positive": "The Transfer Matrix of Superintegrable Chiral Potts Model as the\n  Q-operator of Root-of-unity XXZ Chain with Cyclic Representation of\n  $U_q(sl_2)$: We demonstrate that the transfer matrix of the inhomogeneous $N$-state chiral\nPotts model with two vertical superintegrable rapidities serves as the\n$Q$-operator of XXZ chain model for a cyclic representation of $U_{\\sf\nq}(sl_2)$ with $N$th root-of-unity ${\\sf q}$ and representation-parameter for\nodd $N$. The symmetry problem of XXZ chain with a general cyclic $U_{\\sf\nq}(sl_2)$-representation is mapped onto the problem of studying $Q$-operator of\nsome special one-parameter family of generalized $\\tau^{(2)}$-models. In\nparticular, the spin-$\\frac{N-1}{2}$ XXZ chain model with ${\\sf q}^N=1$ and the\nhomogeneous $N$-state chiral Potts model at a specific superintegrable point\nare unified as one physical theory. By Baxter's method developed for producing\n$Q_{72}$-operator of the root-of-unity eight-vertex model, we construct the\n$Q_R, Q_L$- and $Q$-operators of a superintegrable $\\tau^{(2)}$-model, then\nidentify them with transfer matrices of the $N$-state chiral Potts model for a\npositive integer $N$. We thus obtain a new method of producing the\nsuperintegrable $N$-state chiral Potts transfer matrix from the\n$\\tau^{(2)}$-model by constructing its $Q$-operator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cumulants of conserved charges in GGE and cumulants of total transport\n  in GHD: exact summation of matrix elements?: We obtain the cumulants of conserved charges in Generalized Gibbs Ensemble\n(GGE) by a direct summation of their finite-particle matrix elements. The\nGaudin determinant that describes the norm of Bethe states is written as a sum\nover forests by virtue of the matrix-tree theorem. The aforementioned cumulants\nare then given by a sum over tree-diagrams whose Feynman rules involve simple\nThermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) quantities. The internal vertices of these\ndiagrams have the interpretation of virtual particles that carry anomalous\ncorrections to bare charges. Our derivation follows closely the spirit of\nrecent works [1,2]. We also conjecture that the cumulants of total transport in\nGeneralized Hydrodynamics (GHD) are given by the same diagrams up to minor\nmodifications. These cumulants play a central role in large deviation theory\nand were obtained in [3] using linear fluctuating hydrodynamics at Euler scale.\nWe match our conjecture with the result of [3] up to the fourth cumulant. This\nhighly non-trivial matching provides a strong support for our conjecture.",
        "positive": "Symmetrized Liouvillian Gap in Markovian Open Quantum Systems: Markovian open quantum systems display complicated relaxation dynamics. The\nspectral gap of the Liouvillian characterizes the asymptotic decay rate towards\nthe steady state, but it does not necessarily give a correct estimate of the\nrelaxation time because the crossover time to the asymptotic regime may be too\nlong. We here give a rigorous upper bound on the transient decay of\nauto-correlation functions in the steady state by introducing the symmetrized\nLiouvillian gap. The standard Liouvillian gap and the symmetrized one are\nidentical in an equilibrium situation but differ from each other in the absence\nof the detailed balance condition. It is numerically shown that the symmetrized\nLiouvillian gap always give a correct upper bound on the decay of the\nauto-correlation function, but the standard Liouvillian gap does not."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Feedback cooling, measurement errors, and entropy production: The efficiency of a feedback mechanism depends on the precision of the\nmeasurement outcomes obtained from the controlled system. Accordingly,\nmeasurement errors affect the entropy production in the system. We explore this\nissue in the context of active feedback cooling by modeling a typical cold\ndamping setup as a harmonic oscillator in contact with a heat reservoir and\nsubmitted to a velocity-dependent feedback force that reduces the random\nmotion. We consider two models that distinguish whether the sensor continuously\nmeasures the position of the resonator or directly its velocity (in practice,\nan electric current). Adopting the standpoint of the controlled system, we\nidentify the `entropy pumping' contribution that describes the entropy\nreduction due to the feedback control and that modifies the second law of\nthermodynamics. We also assign a relaxation dynamics to the feedback mechanism\nand compare the apparent entropy production in the system and the heat bath to\nthe total entropy production in the super-system that includes the controller.\nIn this context, entropy pumping reflects the existence of hidden degrees of\nfreedom and the apparent entropy production satisfies fluctuation theorems\nassociated to an effective Langevin dynamics.",
        "positive": "On the Cut-Off Prescriptions Associated with Power-Law Generalized\n  Thermostatistics: We revisit the cut-off prescriptions which are needed in order to specify\ncompletely the form of Tsallis' maximum entropy distributions. For values of\nthe Tsallis entropic parameter $q>1$ we advance an alternative cut-off\nprescription and discuss some of its basic mathematical properties. As an\nillustration of the new cut-off prescription we consider in some detail the\n$q$-generalized quantum distributions which have recently been shown to\nreproduce various experimental results related to high $T_c$ superconductors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal bath Engineering for Swift Equilibration: We propose a new protocol that ensures the fast equilibration of an\noverdamped harmonic oscillator by a joint time-engineering of the confinement\nstrength and of the effective temperature of the thermal bath. We demonstrate\nexperimentally the effectiveness of our protocol with an optically trapped\nBrownian particle and report an equilibrium recovering time reduced by about\ntwo orders of magnitude compared to the natural relaxation time. Our scheme\npaves the way towards reservoir engineering in nano-systems.",
        "positive": "Onsager coefficients in periodically driven systems: We evaluate the Onsager matrix for a system under time-periodic driving by\nconsidering all its Fourier components. By application of the second law, we\nprove that all the fluxes converge to zero in the limit of zero dissipation.\nReversible efficiency can never be reached at finite power. The implication for\nan Onsager matrix, describing reduced fluxes, is that its determinant has to\nvanish. In the particular case of only two fluxes, the corresponding Onsager\nmatrix becomes symmetric."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extended scaling relations for planar lattice models: It is widely believed that the critical properties of several planar lattice\nmodels, like the Eight Vertex or the Ashkin-Teller models, are well described\nby an effective Quantum Field Theory obtained as formal scaling limit. On the\nbasis of this assumption several extended scaling relations among their indices\nwere conjectured. We prove the validity of some of them, among which the ones\nby Kadanoff, [K], and by Luther and Peschel, [LP].",
        "positive": "Domain dynamics in nonequilibrium random-field Ising models: We employ Monte Carlo simulations in order to study dynamics of the\nmagnetization and domain growth processes in the random-field Ising models with\nuniform and Gaussian random field distributions of varying strengths. Domain\nsizes are determined directly using the Hoshen-Kopelman algorithm. For either\ncase, both the magnetization and the largest domain growth dynamics are found\nto follow the power law with generally different exponents, which exponentially\ndecay with the random field strength. Moreover, for relatively small random\nfields the relaxation is confirmed to comply with different regimes at early\nand later times. No significant differences were found between the results for\nthe uniform and Gaussian distributions, in accordance with the universality\nassumption."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic process leading to wave equations in dimensions higher than\n  one: Stochastic processes are proposed whose master equations coincide with\nclassical wave, telegraph, and Klein-Gordon equations. Similar to predecessors\nbased on the Goldstein-Kac telegraph process, the model describes the motion of\nparticles with constant speed and transitions between discreet allowed velocity\ndirections. A new ingredient is that transitions into a given velocity state\ndepend on spatial derivatives of other states populations, rather than on\npopulations themselves. This feature requires the sacrifice of the\nsingle-particle character of the model, but allows to imitate the Huygens'\nprinciple and to recover wave equations in arbitrary dimensions.",
        "positive": "Remnants of Anderson localization in pre-thermalization induced by white\n  noise: We study the non-equilibrium evolution of a one-dimensional quantum Ising\nchain with spatially disordered, time-dependent, transverse fields\ncharacterised by white noise correlation dynamics. We establish\npre-thermalization in this model, showing that the quench dynamics of the\non-site transverse magnetisation first approaches a metastable state unaffected\nby noise fluctuations, and then relaxes exponentially fast towards an infinite\ntemperature state as a result of the noise. We also consider energy transport\nin the model, starting from an inhomogeneous state with two domain walls which\nseparate regions characterised by spins with opposite transverse magnetization.\nWe observe at intermediate time scales a phenomenology akin to Anderson\nlocalization: energy remains localised within the two domain walls, until the\nMarkovian noise destroys coherence and accordingly disorder-induced\nlocalization, allowing the system to relax towards the late stages of its\nnon-equilibrium dynamics. We benchmark our results with the simpler case of a\nnoisy quantum Ising chain without disorder, and we find that the pre-thermal\nplateau is a generic property of weakly noisy spin chains, while the phenomenon\nof pre-thermal Anderson localisation is a specific feature arising from the\ncompetition of noise and disorder in the real-time transport properties of the\nsystem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic relaxation and dipole-coupling-induced magnetization in\n  nanostructured thin films during growth: A cluster Monte Carlo study: For growing inhomogeneous thin films with an island nanostructure similar as\nobserved in experiment, we determine the nonequilibrium and equilibrium\nremanent magnetization. The single-island magnetic anisotropy, the dipole\ncoupling, and the exchange interaction between magnetic islands are taken into\naccount within a micromagnetic model. A cluster Monte Carlo method is developed\nwhich includes coherent magnetization changes of connected islands. This causes\na fast relaxation towards equilibrium for irregularly connected systems. We\nanalyse the transition from dipole coupled islands at low coverages to a\nstrongly connected ferromagnetic film at high coverages during film growth. For\ncoverages below the percolation threshold, the dipole interaction induces a\ncollective magnetic order with ordering temperatures of 1 - 10 K for the\nassumed model parameters. Anisotropy causes blocking temperatures of 10 - 100 K\nand thus pronounced nonequilibrium effects. The dipole coupling leads to a\nsomewhat slower magnetic relaxation.",
        "positive": "Castaing's instability in a trapped ultra-cold gas: We consider a trapped ultra-cold gas of (non-condensed) bosons with two\ninternal states (described by a pseudo spin) and study the stability of a\nlongitudinal pseudo spin polarization gradient. For this purpose, we\nnumerically solve a kinetic equation corresponding to a situation close to an\nexperiment at JILA. It shows the presence of Castaing's instability of\ntransverse spin polarization fluctuations at long wavelengths. This phenomenon\ncould be used to create spontaneous transverse spin waves."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat equation and Brownian motion of an overdamped rotating sphere: The governing equations of Brownian rigid bodies that both translate and\nrotate are of interest in fields such as self-assembly of proteins, anisotropic\ncolloids, dielectric theory, and liquid crystals. In this paper, the partial\ndifferential equation that describes the evolution of concentration is derived\nfrom the stochastic differential equation of a sphere experiencing Brownian\nmotion in a viscous medium where a potential field may be present. The\npotential field may be either interactions between particles or applied\nexternally. The derivation is performed once for particles whose orientation\ncan be specified by a vector ($S^2$), and again for particles which require a\nrotation matrix ($SO(3)$). The derivation shows the important difference\nbetween probability density and concentration, the Ito and Stratonovich\ncalculus, and a Piola-type identity is obtained to complete the derivation.",
        "positive": "The Experimental Observation of a Superfluid Gyroscope in a dilute Bose\n  Condensed Gas: We have observed a superfluid gyroscope effect in a dilute gas Bose-Einstein\ncondensate. A condensate with a vortex possesses a single quantum of angular\nmomentum and this causes the plane of oscillation of the scissors mode to\nprecess around the vortex line. We have measured the precession rate of the\nscissors oscillation. From this we deduced the angular momentum associated with\nthe vortex line and found a value close to $\\hbar$ per particle, as predicted\nfor a superfluid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic optimization by message passing: Most optimization problems in applied sciences realistically involve\nuncertainty in the parameters defining the cost function, of which only\nstatistical information is known beforehand. In a recent work we introduced a\nmessage passing algorithm based on the cavity method of statistical physics to\nsolve the two-stage matching problem with independently distributed stochastic\nparameters. In this paper we provide an in-depth explanation of the general\nmethod and caveats, show the details of the derivation and resulting algorithm\nfor the matching problem and apply it to a stochastic version of the\nindependent set problem, which is a computationally hard and relevant problem\nin communication networks. We compare the results with some greedy algorithms\nand briefly discuss the extension to more complicated stochastic multi-stage\nproblems.",
        "positive": "Nonquenched rotators ease flocking and memorise it: We introduce a minimal model for a two-dimensional polar flock with\nnonquenched rotators, and show that the rotators make the usual macroscopic\nlong-range order of the flock more robust than the clean system. The rotators\nmemorise the flock-information which helps in establishing the robustness.\nMoreover, the memory of the rotators assists in probing the moving flock. We\nalso formulate a hydrodynamic framework for the microscopic model that makes\nour study comprehensive. Using linearised hydrodynamics, it is shown that the\npresence of such nonquenched heterogeneities increases the sound speeds of the\nflock. The enhanced sound speeds lead to faster convection of information and\nconsequently the robust ordering in the system. We argue that similar\nnonquenched heterogeneities may be useful in monitoring and controlling large\ncrowds."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Family of Nonequilibrium Statistical Operators and the Influence of the\n  Past on the Present: A family of nonequilibrium statistical operators (NSO) is introduced which\ndiffer by the system lifetime distribution over which the quasiequilibrium\ndistribution is averaged. This changes the form of the source in the Liouville\nequation, as well as the expressions for the kinetic coefficients, average\nfluxes, and kinetic equations obtained with use of NSO. The difference from the\nZubarev form of NSO is of the order of the reciprocal lifetime of a system.",
        "positive": "LiHoF4 as a spin-half non-standard quantum Ising system: $\\mathrm{LiHoF_{4}}$ is a magnetic material known for its Ising-type\nanisotropy, making it a model system for studying quantum magnetism. However,\nthe theoretical description of $\\mathrm{LiHoF_{4}}$ using the quantum Ising\nmodel has shown discrepancies in its phase diagram, particularly in the regime\ndominated by thermal fluctuations. In this study, we investigate the role of\noff-diagonal dipolar terms in $\\mathrm{LiHoF_{4}}$, previously neglected, in\ndetermining its properties. We analytically derive the low-energy effective\nHamiltonian of $\\mathrm{LiHoF_{4}}$, including the off-diagonal dipolar terms\nperturbatively, both in the absence and presence of a transverse field. Our\nresults encompass the full $B_{x}-T$ phase diagram, confirming the significance\nof the off-diagonal dipolar terms in reducing the zero-field critical\ntemperature and determining the critical temperature's dependence on the\ntransverse field. We also highlight the sensitivity of this mechanism to the\ncrystal structure by comparing our calculations with the $\\mathrm{Fe_{8}}$\nsystem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "General truncated linear statistics for the top eigenvalues of random\n  matrices: Invariant ensemble, which are characterised by the joint distribution of\neigenvalues $P(\\lambda_1,\\ldots,\\lambda_N)$, play a central role in random\nmatrix theory. We consider the truncated linear statistics $L_K = \\sum_{n=1}^K\nf(\\lambda_n)$ with $1 \\leq K \\leq N$, $\\lambda_1 > \\lambda_2 > \\cdots >\n\\lambda_N$ and $f$ a given function. This quantity has been studied recently in\nthe case where the function $f$ is monotonous. Here, we consider the general\ncase, where this function can be non-monotonous. Motivated by the physics of\ncold atoms, we study the example $f(\\lambda)=\\lambda^2$ in the Gaussian\nensembles of random matrix theory. Using the Coulomb gas method, we obtain the\ndistribution of the truncated linear statistics, in the limit $N \\to \\infty$\nand $K \\to \\infty$, with $\\kappa = K/N$ fixed. We show that the distribution\npresents two essential singularities, which arise from two infinite order phase\ntransitions for the underlying Coulomb gas. We further argue that this\nmechanism is universal, as it depends neither on the choice of the ensemble,\nnor on the function $f$.",
        "positive": "Universality of Zipf's Law: We introduce a simple and generic model that reproduces Zipf's law. By\nregarding the time evolution of the model as a random walk in the logarithmic\nscale, we explain theoretically why this model reproduces Zipf's law. The\nexplanation shows that the behavior of the model is very robust and universal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Milestoning estimators of dissipation in systems observed at a coarse\n  resolution: When ignorance is truly bliss: Many non-equilibrium, active processes are observed at a coarse-grained\nlevel, where different microscopic configurations are projected onto the same\nobservable state. Such \"lumped\" observables display memory, and in many cases\nthe irreversible character of the underlying microscopic dynamics becomes\nblurred, e.g., when the projection hides dissipative cycles. As a result, the\nobservations appear less irreversible, and it is very challenging to infer the\ndegree of broken time-reversal symmetry. Here we show, contrary to intuition,\nthat by ignoring parts of the already coarse-grained state space we may -- via\na process called milestoning -- improve entropy-production estimates.\nMilestoning systematically renders observations \"closer to underlying\nmicroscopic dynamics\" and thereby improves thermodynamic inference from lumped\ndata assuming a given range of memory. Moreover, whereas the correct general\nphysical definition of time-reversal in the presence of memory remains unknown,\nwe here show by means of systematic, physically relevant examples that at least\nfor semi-Markov processes of first and second order, waiting-time contributions\narising from adopting a naive Markovian definition of time-reversal generally\nmust be discarded.",
        "positive": "Correlation and response in a driven dissipative model: We consider a simple dissipative system with spatial structure in contact\nwith a heat bath. The system always exhibits correlations except in the cases\nof zero and maximal dissipation. We explicitly calculate the correlation\nfunction and the nonlocal response function of the system and show that they\nhave the same spatial dependence. Finally, we examine heat transfer in the\nmodel, which agrees qualitatively with simulations of vibrated granular gases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat flux of driven granular mixtures at low density. Stability analysis\n  of the homogeneous steady state: The Navier--Stokes order hydrodynamic equations for a low-density driven\ngranular mixture obtained previously [Khalil and Garz\\'o, Phys. Rev. E\n\\textbf{88}, 052201 (2013)] from the Chapman--Enskog solution to the Boltzmann\nequation are considered further. The four transport coefficients associated\nwith the heat flux are obtained in terms of the mass ratio, the size ratio,\ncomposition, coefficients of restitution, and the driven parameters of the\nmodel. Their quantitative variation on the control parameters of the system is\ndemonstrated by considering the leading terms in a Sonine polynomial expansion\nto solve the exact integral equations. As an application of these results, the\nstability of the homogeneous steady state is studied. In contrast to the\nresults obtained in undriven granular mixtures, the stability analysis of the\nlinearized Navier--Stokes hydrodynamic equations shows that the transversal and\nlongitudinal modes are (linearly) stable with respect to long enough wavelength\nexcitations. This conclusion agrees with a previous analysis made for single\ngranular gases.",
        "positive": "First hitting times between a run-and-tumble particle and a\n  stochastically-gated target: We study the first hitting time statistics between a one-dimensional\nrun-and-tumble particle and a target site that switches intermittently between\nvisible and invisible phases. The two-state dynamics of the target is\nindependent of the motion of the particle, which can be absorbed by the target\nonly in its visible phase. We obtain the mean first hitting time when the\nmotion takes place in a finite domain with reflecting boundaries. Considering\nthe turning rate of the particle as a tuning parameter, we find that ballistic\nmotion represents the best strategy to minimize the mean first hitting time.\nHowever, the relative fluctuations of the first hitting time are large and\nexhibit non-monotonous behaviours with respect to the turning rate or the\ntarget transition rates. Paradoxically, these fluctuations can be the largest\nfor targets that are visible most of the time, and not for those that are\nmostly invisible or rapidly transiting between the two states. On the infinite\nline, the classical asymptotic behaviour $\\propto t^{-3/2}$ of the first\nhitting time distribution is typically preceded, due to target intermittency,\nby an intermediate scaling regime varying as $t^{-1/2}$. The extent of this\ntransient regime becomes very long when the target is most of the time\ninvisible, especially at low turning rates. In both finite and infinite\ngeometries, we draw analogies with partial absorption problems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Anomalous heat conduction and anomalous diffusion in\n  one-dimensional systems\": We comment on a recent paper by Li and Wang [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 044301\n(2003)], and argue that their results violate the non-existence of a\ncharacteristic time scale in subdiffusive systems.",
        "positive": "Test of Universality in Anisotropic 3D Ising Model: Chen and Dohm predicted theoretically in 2004 that the widely believed\nuniversality principle is violated in the Ising model on the simple cubic\nlattice with more than only six nearest neighbours. Schulte and Drope by Monte\nCarlo simulations found such violation, but not in the predicted direction.\nSelke and Shchur tested the square lattice. Here we check only this\nuniversality for the susceptibility ratio near the critical point. For this\npurpose we study first the standard Ising model on a simple cubic lattice with\nsix nearest neighbours, then with six nearest and twelve next-nearest\nneighbours, and compare the results with the Chen-Dohm lattice of six nearest\nneighbours and only half of the twelve next-nearest neighbours. We do not\nconfirm the violation of universality found by Schulte and Drope in the\nsusceptibility ratio."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The 1+1-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation and its universality\n  class: We explain the exact solution of the 1+1 dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\nequation with sharp wedge initial conditions. Thereby it is confirmed that the\ncontinuum model belongs to the KPZ universality class, not only as regards to\nscaling exponents but also as regards to the full probability distribution of\nthe height in the long time limit.",
        "positive": "Experimental analysis of lateral impact on planar brittle material: The fragmentation of alumina and glass plates due to lateral impact is\nstudied. A few hundred plates have been fragmented at different impact\nvelocities and the produced fragments are analyzed. The method employed in this\nwork allows one to investigate some geometrical properties of the fragments,\nbesides the traditional size distribution usually studied in former\nexperiments. We found that, although both materials exhibit qualitative similar\nfragment size distribution function, their geometrical properties appear to be\nquite different. A schematic model for two-dimensional fragmentation is also\npresented and its predictions are compared to our experimental results. The\ncomparison suggests that the analysis of the fragments' geometrical properties\nconstitutes a more stringent test of the theoretical models' assumptions than\nthe size distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Epidemic dynamics in open quantum spin systems: We explore the non-equilibrium evolution and stationary states of an open\nmany-body system which displays epidemic spreading dynamics in a classical and\na quantum regime. Our study is motivated by recent experiments conducted in\nstrongly interacting gases of highly excited Rydberg atoms where the\nfacilitated excitation of Rydberg states competes with radiative decay. These\nsystems approximately implement open quantum versions of models for population\ndynamics or disease spreading where species can be in a healthy, infected or\nimmune state. We show that in a two-dimensional lattice, depending on the\ndominance of either classical or quantum effects, the system may display a\ndifferent kind of non-equilibrium phase transition. We moreover discuss the\nobservability of our findings in laser driven Rydberg gases with particular\nfocus on the role of long-range interactions.",
        "positive": "Zipf's law and phase transition: We describe the link between the Zipf law and statistical distributions for\nthe Fortuin-Kasteleyn clusters in Ising as well as Potts models. From these\nresults it is seen that Zipf's law can be a criterion of a phase transition,\nbut it does not determine its order. We present the corresponding histograms\nfor fixed domain configurations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The evolutionary advantage of diploid sex: We modify the Penna Model for biological aging, which is based on the\nmutation-accumulation theory, in order to verify if there would be any\nevolutionary advantage of triploid over diploid organisms. We show that this is\nnot the case, and that usual sex is always better than that involving three\nindividuals.",
        "positive": "Statistics of closed paths in two-dimensional systems and negative\n  magnetoresistance studied by computer simulation: Statistics of closed paths in two-dimensional systems, which just determines\nthe interference quantum correction to conductivity and anomalous\nmagnetoconductance, has been studied by computer simulation of a particle\nmotion over the plane with randomly distributed scatters. Both ballistic and\ndiffusion regimes have been considered. The results of simulation have been\nanalyzed in the framework of diffusion approximation. They are used for\ncalculation of the magnetic field dependence of magnetoconductance in the model\n2D system. It is shown that the anomalous magnetoconductance can be in\nprinciple described by the well known expression, obtained in the diffusion\napproximation, but with the prefactor less than unity and phase breaking which\ndiffers from true value."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First passage leapovers of L\u00e9vy flights and the proper formulation of\n  absorbing boundary conditions: An important open problem in the theory of L\\'evy flights concerns the\nanalytically tractable formulation of absorbing boundary conditions. Although\nnumerical studies using the correctly defined nonlocal approach have yielded\nsubstantial insights regarding the statistics of first passage, the resultant\nmodifications to the dynamical equations hinder the detailed analysis possible\nin the absence of these conditions. In this study it is demonstrated that using\nthe first-hit distribution, related to the first passage leapover, as the\nabsorbing sink preserves the tractability of the dynamical equations for a\nparticle undergoing L\\'evy flight. In particular, knowledge of the first-hit\ndistribution is sufficient to fully determine the first passage time and\nposition density of the particle, without requiring integral truncation or\nnumerical simulations. In addition, we report on the first-hit and leapover\nproperties of first passages and arrivals for L\\'evy flights of arbitrary skew\nparameter, and extend these results to L\\'evy flights in a certain ubiquitous\nclass of potentials satisfying an integral condition.",
        "positive": "Empirical nonextensive laws for the county distribution of total\n  personal income and gross domestic product: We analyze the cumulative distribution of total personal income of USA\ncounties, and gross domestic product of Brazilian, German and United Kingdom\ncounties, and also of world countries.\n  We verify that generalized exponential distributions, related to nonextensive\nstatistical mechanics, describe almost the whole spectrum of the distributions\n(within acceptable errors), ranging from the low region to the middle region,\nand, in some cases, up to the power-law tail.\n  The analysis over about 30 years (for USA and Brazil) shows a regular pattern\nof the parameters appearing in the present phenomenological approach,\nsuggesting a possible connection between the underlying dynamics of (at least\nsome aspects of) the economy of a country (or of the whole world) and\nnonextensive statistical mechanics.\n  We also introduce two additional examples related to geographical\ndistributions: land areas of counties and land prices, and the same kind of\nequations adjust the data in the whole range of the spectrum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Learning to grow: control of material self-assembly using evolutionary\n  reinforcement learning: We show that neural networks trained by evolutionary reinforcement learning\ncan enact efficient molecular self-assembly protocols. Presented with molecular\nsimulation trajectories, networks learn to change temperature and chemical\npotential in order to promote the assembly of desired structures or choose\nbetween competing polymorphs. In the first case, networks reproduce in a\nqualitative sense the results of previously-known protocols, but faster and\nwith higher fidelity; in the second case they identify strategies previously\nunknown, from which we can extract physical insight. Networks that take as\ninput the elapsed time of the simulation or microscopic information from the\nsystem are both effective, the latter more so. The evolutionary scheme we have\nused is simple to implement and can be applied to a broad range of examples of\nexperimental self-assembly, whether or not one can monitor the experiment as it\nproceeds. Our results have been achieved with no human input beyond the\nspecification of which order parameter to promote, pointing the way to the\ndesign of synthesis protocols by artificial intelligence.",
        "positive": "Rates of convergence of nonextensive statistical distributions to Levy\n  distributions in full and half spaces: The Levy-type distributions are derived using the principle of maximum\nTsallis nonextensive entropy both in the full and half spaces. The rates of\nconvergence to the exact Levy stable distributions are determined by taking the\nN-fold convolutions of these distributions. The marked difference between the\nproblems in the full and half spaces is elucidated analytically. It is found\nthat the rates of convergence depend on the ranges of the Levy indices. An\nimportant result emerging from the present analysis is deduced if interpreted\nin terms of random walks, implying the dependence of the asymptotic long-time\nbehaviors of the walks on the ranges of the Levy indices if N is identified\nwith the total time of the walks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random field disorder at an absorbing state transition in one and two\n  dimensions: We investigate the behavior of nonequilibrium phase transitions under the\ninfluence of disorder that locally breaks the symmetry between two symmetrical\nmacroscopic absorbing states. In equilibrium systems such \"random-field\"\ndisorder destroys the phase transition in low dimensions by preventing\nspontaneous symmetry breaking. In contrast, we show here that random-field\ndisorder fails to destroy the nonequilibrium phase transition of the one- and\ntwo-dimensional generalized contact process. Instead, it modifies the dynamics\nin the symmetry-broken phase. Specifically, the dynamics in the one-dimensional\ncase is described by a Sinai walk of the domain walls between two different\nabsorbing states. In the two-dimensional case, we map the dynamics onto that of\nthe well studied low-temperature random-field Ising model. We also study the\ncritical behavior of the nonequilibrium phase transition and characterize its\nuniversality class in one dimension. We support our results by large-scale\nMonte Carlo simulations, and we discuss the applicability of our theory to\nother systems.",
        "positive": "Beyond Mean-Field Theory for Attractive Bosons under Transverse Harmonic\n  Confinement: We study a dilute gas of attractive bosons confined in a harmonic cylinder,\ni.e. under cylindric confinement due to a transverse harmonic potential. We\nintroduce a many-body wave function which extends the Bethe ansatz proposed by\nMcGuire (J. Math. Phys. {\\bf 5}, 622 (1964)) by including a variational\ntransverse Gaussian shape. We investigate the ground state properties of the\nsystem comparing them with the ones of the one-dimensional (1D) attractive Bose\ngas. We find that the gas becomes ultra 1D as a consequence of the attractive\ninteraction: the transverse width of the Bose gas reduces by increasing the\nnumber of particles up to a critical width below which there is the collapse of\nthe cloud. In addition, we derive a simple analytical expression for the\nsimmetry-breaking solitonic density profile of the ground-state, which\ngeneralize the one deduced by Calogero and Degasperis (Phys. Rev. A {\\bf 11},\n265 (1975)). This bright-soliton analytical solution shows near the collapse\nsmall deviations with respect to the 3D mean-field numerical solution. Finally,\nwe show that our variational Gauss-McGuire theory is always more accurate than\nthe McGuire theory. In addition, we prove that for small numbers of particles\nthe Gauss-McGuire theory is more reliable than the mean-field theory described\nby the 3D Gross-Pitaevskii equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Trapping and Escape in a Turbid Medium: We investigate the absorption of diffusing molecules in a fluid-filled\nspherical beaker that contains many small reactive traps. The molecules are\nabsorbed either by hitting a trap or by escaping via the beaker walls. In the\nphysical situation where the number $N$ of traps is large and their radii $a$\nare small compared to the beaker radius $R$, the fraction of molecules $E$ that\nescape to the beaker wall and the complementary fraction $T$ that eventually\nare absorbed by the traps depend only on the dimensionless parameter\ncombination $\\lambda = Na/R$. We compute $E$ and $T$ as a function of $\\lambda$\nfor a spherical beaker and for beakers of other three-dimensional shapes. The\nasymptotic behavior is found to be universal: $1- E\\sim \\lambda$ for\n$\\lambda\\to 0$ and $E\\sim\\lambda^{-1/2}$ for $\\lambda\\to\\infty$.",
        "positive": "Random Holographic \"Large Worlds\" with Emergent Dimensions: I propose a random network model governed by a Gaussian weight corresponding\nto Ising link antiferromagnetism as a model for emergent quantum space-time. In\nthis model, discrete space is fundamental, not a regularization, its spectral\ndimension $d_s$ is not a model input but is, rather, completely determined by\nthe antiferromagnetic coupling constant. Perturbative terms suppressing\ntriangles and favouring squares lead to locally Euclidean ground states that\nare Ricci flat \"large worlds\" with power-law extension. I then consider the\nquenched graphs of lowest energy for $d_s=2$ and $d_s=3$ and I show how\nquenching leads to the spontaneous emergence of embedding spaces of Hausdorff\ndimension $d_H=4$ and $d_H=5$, respectively. One of the additional, spontaneous\ndimensions can be interpreted as time, causality being an emergent property\nthat arises in the large $N$ limit (with $N$ the number of vertices). For\n$d_s=2$, the quenched graphs constitute a discrete version of a\n5D-space-filling surface with a number of fundamental degrees of freedom\nscaling like $N^{2/5}$, a graph version of the holographic principle. These\nholographic degrees of freedom can be identified with the squares of the\nquenched graphs, which, being these triangle-free, are the fundamental area (or\nloop) quanta."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Calculation of Poincar\u00e9 recurrence time and irreversibility in\n  Statistical Mechanics: One of the important questions in statistical mechanics is how\nirreversibility (time's arrow) occurs when Newton equations of motion are time\nreversal invariant. Boltzmann's argument is that the observed irreversibility\nis due to the very large number of particles. One objection to Boltzmann was\nbased on Poincar\\'e's recursion theorem: a classical hamiltonian confined\nsystem returns after some time, called today Poincar\\'e recurrence time (PRT),\nclose to its initial configuration. Boltzmann's reply was that for $N = 10^{23}\n$ particles, PRT is very large and exceeds the age of the universe. In this\npaper we compute for the first time, a typical recurrence time $ T(N)$ for a\ngas of $N$ particles. We find that $T(N) \\sim N^z \\exp (y N) $ and determine\nthe exponents $y$ and $z$ for different values of the particle density and\nkinetic energy (temperature).\n  We find that $ T(N) $ exceeds the age of the Universe for a relatively small\nnumber of particles, much smaller than $ 10^{23} $.\n  Our results support Boltzmann's argument on the origin of irreversibility in\nstatistical mechanics.",
        "positive": "A glassy contribution to the heat capacity of hcp $^4$He solids: We model the low-temperature specific heat of solid $^4$He in the hexagonal\nclosed packed structure by invoking two-level tunneling states in addition to\nthe usual phonon contribution of a Debye crystal for temperatures far below the\nDebye temperature, $T < \\Theta_D/50$. By introducing a cutoff energy in the\ntwo-level tunneling density of states, we can describe the excess specific heat\nobserved in solid hcp $^4$He, as well as the low-temperature linear term in the\nspecific heat. Agreement is found with recent measurements of the temperature\nbehavior of both specific heat and pressure. These results suggest the presence\nof a very small fraction, at the parts-per-million (ppm) level, of two-level\ntunneling systems in solid $^4$He, irrespective of the existence of\nsupersolidity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy and Scaling Laws in Human Travel Behaviour: We show that energy concepts can contribute to the understanding of human\ntravel behaviour. First, the average travel times for different modes of\ntransportation are inversely proportional to the energy consumption rates\nmeasured for the respective physical activities. Second, when daily travel-time\ndistributions by different modes of transport such as walking, cycling, bus or\ncar travel are appropriately scaled, they turn out to have a universal\nfunctional relationship. This corresponds to a canonical-like energy\ndistribution with exceptions for short trips, which can be theoretically\nexplained. Altogether, this points to a law of constant average energy\nconsumption by the physical activity of daily travelling. Applying these\nnatural laws could help to improve long-term urban and transport planning.",
        "positive": "Dynamical transitions and sliding friction in the two-dimensional\n  Frenkel-Kontorova model: The nonlinear response of an adsorbed layer on a periodic substrate to an\nexternal force is studied via a two dimensional uniaxial Frenkel-Kontorova\nmodel. The nonequlibrium properties of the model are simulated by Brownian\nmolecular dynamics. Dynamical phase transitions between pinned solid, sliding\ncommensurate and incommensurate solids and hysteresis effects are found that\nare qualitatively similar to the results for a Lennard-Jones model, thus\ndemonstrating the universal nature of these features."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An ansatz for the exclusion statistics parameters in macroscopic\n  physical systems described by fractional exclusion statistics: I introduce an ansatz for the exclusion statistics parameters of fractional\nexclusion statistics (FES) systems and I apply it to calculate the statistical\ndistribution of particles from both, bosonic and fermionic perspectives. Then,\nto check the applicability of the ansatz, I calculate the FES parameters in\nthree well-known models: in a Fermi liquid type of system, a one-dimensional\nquantum systems described in the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz and quasiparticle\nexcitations in the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) systems. The FES parameters of\nthe first two models satisfy the ansatz, whereas those of the third model,\nalthough close to the form given by the ansatz, represent an exception. With\nthis ocasion I also show that the general properties of the FES parameters,\ndeduced elsewhere (EPL 87, 60009, 2009), are satisfied also by the parameters\nof the FQH liquid.",
        "positive": "Hidden symmetries and equilibrium properties of multiplicative\n  white-noise stochastic processes: Multiplicative white-noise stochastic processes continuously attract the\nattention of a wide area of scientific research. The variety of prescriptions\navailable to define it difficults the development of general tools for its\ncharacterization. In this work, we study equilibrium properties of Markovian\nmultiplicative white-noise processes. For this, we define the time reversal\ntransformation for this kind of processes, taking into account that the\nasymptotic stationary probability distribution depends on the prescription.\nRepresenting the stochastic process in a functional Grassman formalism, we\navoid the necessity of fixing a particular prescription. In this framework, we\nanalyze equilibrium properties and study hidden symmetries of the process. We\nshow that, using a careful definition of equilibrium distribution and taken\ninto account the appropriate time reversal transformation, usual equilibrium\nproperties are satisfied for any prescription. Finally, we present a detailed\ndeduction of a covariant supersymmetric formulation of a multiplicative\nMarkovian white-noise process and study some of the constraints it imposes on\ncorrelation functions using Ward-Takahashi identities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear field theories during homogeneous spatial dilation: The effect of a uniform dilation of space on stochastically driven nonlinear\nfield theories is examined. This theoretical question serves as a model problem\nfor examining the properties of nonlinear field theories embedded in expanding\nEuclidean Friedmann-Lema\\^{\\i}tre-Robertson-Walker metrics in the context of\ncosmology, as well as different systems in the disciplines of statistical\nmechanics and condensed matter physics. Field theories are characterized by the\nspeed at which they propagate correlations within themselves. We show that for\nlinear field theories correlations stop propagating if and only if the speed at\nwhich the space dilates is higher than the speed at which correlations\npropagate. The situation is in general different for nonlinear field theories.\nIn this case correlations might stop propagating even if the velocity at which\nspace dilates is lower than the velocity at which correlations propagate. In\nparticular, these results imply that it is not possible to characterize the\ndynamics of a nonlinear field theory during homogeneous spatial dilation {\\it a\npriori}. We illustrate our findings with the nonlinear Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\nequation.",
        "positive": "Oscillating states of periodically driven anharmonic Langevin systems: We investigate the asymptotic distributions of periodically driven anharmonic\nLangevin systems. Utilizing the underlying $SL_2$ symmetry of the Langevin\ndynamics, we develop a perturbative scheme in which the effect of periodic\ndriving can be treated nonperturbatively to any order of perturbation in\nanharmonicity. We spell out the conditions under which the asymptotic\ndistributions exist and are periodic, and show that the distributions can be\ndetermined exactly in terms of the solutions of the associated Hill equations.\nWe further find that the oscillating states of these driven systems are stable\nagainst anharmonic perturbations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vortex Rings and Mutual Drag in Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates: We study the drag on an object moving through a trapped Bose-Einstein\ncondensate, and show that finite compressibility leads to a mutual drag, which\nis subsequently suppressed by the formation of a vortex ring.",
        "positive": "Continuous time random walk and diffusion with generalized fractional\n  Poisson process: A non-Markovian counting process, the `generalized fractional Poisson\nprocess' (GFPP) introduced by Cahoy and Polito in 2013 is analyzed. The GFPP\ncontains two index parameters $0<\\beta\\leq 1$, $\\alpha >0$ and a time scale\nparameter. Generalizations to Laskin's fractional Poisson distribution and to\nthe fractional Kolmogorov-Feller equation are derived. We develop a continuous\ntime random walk subordinated to a GFPP in the infinite integer lattice\n$\\mathbb{Z}^d$. For this stochastic motion, we deduce a `generalized fractional\ndiffusion equation'. In a well-scaled diffusion limit this motion is governed\nby the same type of fractional diffusion equation as with the fractional\nPoisson process exhibiting subdiffusive $t^{\\beta}$-power law for the\nmean-square displacement. In the special cases $\\alpha=1$ with $0<\\beta<1$ the\nequations of the Laskin fractional Poisson process and for $\\alpha=1$ with\n$\\beta=1$ the classical equations of the standard Poisson process are\nrecovered. The remarkably rich dynamics introduced by the GFPP opens a wide\nfield of applications in anomalous transport and in the dynamics of complex\nsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometrically Constrained Statistical Models on Fixed and Random\n  Lattices: From Hard Squares to Meanders: We review various combinatorial applications of field theoretical and matrix\nmodel approaches to equilibrium statistical physics involving the enumeration\nof fixed and random lattice model configurations. We show how the structures of\nthe underlying lattices, in particular their colorability properties, become\nrelevant when we consider hard-particles or fully-packed loop models on them.\nWe show how a careful back-and-forth application of results of two-dimensional\nquantum gravity and matrix models allows to predict critical universality\nclasses and consequently exact asymptotics for various numbers, counting in\nparticular hard object configurations on fixed or random lattices and meanders.",
        "positive": "Stochastic thermodynamics for kinetic equations: Stochastic thermodynamics is formulated for variables that are odd under time\nreversal. The invariance under spatial rotation of the collision rates due to\nthe isotropy of the heat bath is shown to be a crucial ingredient. An\nalternative detailed fluctuation theorem is derived, expressed solely in terms\nof forward statistics. It is illustrated for a linear kinetic equation with\nkangaroo rates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The influence of memory in deterministic walks in random media:\n  analytical calculation within a mean field approximation: Consider a random medium consisting of points randomly distributed so that\nthere is no correlation among the distances. This is the random link model,\nwhich is the high dimensionality limit (mean field approximation) for the\neuclidean random point structure. In the random link model, at discrete time\nsteps, the walker moves to the nearest site, which has not been visited in the\nlast $\\mu$ steps (memory), producing a deterministic partially self avoiding\nwalk (the tourist walk). We have obtained analitically the distribution of the\nnumber $n$ of points explored by a walker with memory $\\mu = 2$, as well as the\ntransient and period joint distribution. This result enables to explain the\nabrupt change in the exploratory behavior between the cases $\\mu = 1$\n(memoryless, driven by extremal statistics) and $\\mu = 2$ (with memory, driven\nby combinatorial statistics). In the $\\mu = 1$ case, the mean newly visited\npoints in the thermodynamic limit $(N \\gg 1)$ is just $<n > = e = 2.72 ...$\nwhile in the $\\mu = 2$ case, the mean number $<n>$ of visited points is\nproportional to $N^{1/2}$. Also, this result allows us to stabilish an\nequivalence between the random link model with $\\mu=2$ and random map\n(uncorrelated back and forth distances) with $\\mu=0$ and the drastic change\nbetween the cases where the transient time is null compared to non-null\ntransient times.",
        "positive": "The experimental observation of Beliaev damping in a Bose condensed gas: We report the first experimental observation of Beliaev damping of a\ncollective excitation in a Bose-condensed gas. Beliaev damping is not predicted\nby the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and so this is one of the few experiments that\ntests BEC theory beyond the mean field approximation. Measurements of the\namplitude of a high frequency scissors mode, show that the Beliaev process\ntransfers energy to a lower lying mode and then back and forth between these\nmodes. These characteristics are quite distinct from those of Landau damping,\nwhich leads to a monotonic decrease in amplitude. To enhance the Beliaev\nprocess we adjusted the geometry of the magnetic trapping potential to give a\nfrequency ratio of 2 to 1 between two of the scissors modes of the condensate.\nThe ratios of the trap oscillation frequencies $\\omega_y / \\omega_x$ and\n$\\omega_z / \\omega_x$ were changed independently, so that we could investigate\nthe resonant coupling over a range of conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Operational characteristics of single particle heat engines and\n  refrigerators with time asymmetric protocol: We have studied the single particle heat engine and refrigerator driven by\ntime asymmetric protocol of finite duration. Our system consists of a particle\nin a harmonic trap with time-periodic strength that drives the particle\ncyclically between two baths. Each cycle consists of two isothermal steps at\ndifferent temperatures and two adiabatic steps connecting them. The system\nworks in irreversible mode of operation even in the quasistatic regime. This is\nindicated by finite entropy production even in the large cycle time limit.\nConsequently, Carnot efficiency for heat engine or Carnot Co-efficient of\nperformance (COP) for refrigerators are not achievable. We further analysed the\nphase diagram of heat engines and refrigerators. They are sensitive to\ntime-asymmetry of the protocol. Phase diagram shows several interesting\nfeatures, often counterintuitive. The distribution of stochastic efficiency and\nCOP is broad and exhibits power law tails.",
        "positive": "Time-dependent Correlation Functions in Open Quadratic Fermionic Systems: We formulate and discuss explicit computation of dynamic correlation\nfunctions in open quadradic fermionic systems which are driven and dissipated\nby the Lindblad jump processes that are linear in canonical fermionic\noperators. Dynamic correlators are interpreted in terms of local quantum quench\nwhere the pre-quench state is the non-equilibrium steady state, i.e. a fixed\npoint of the Liouvillian. As an example we study the XY spin 1/2 chain and the\nKitaev Majorana chains with boundary Lindblad driving, whose dynamics exhibits\nasymmetric (skewed) light cone behaviour. We also numerically treat the two\ndimensional XY model and the XY spin chain with additional\nDzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. The latter exhibits a new non-equilibrium\nphase transition which can be understood in terms of bifurcations of the\nquasi-particle dispersion relation. Finally, considering in some detail the\nperiodic Kitaev chain (fermionic ring) with dissipation at a single (arbitrary)\nsite, we present analytical expressions for the first order corrections (in the\nstrength of dissipation) to the spectrum and the non-equilibrium steady state\n(NESS) correlation functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral partitions on infinite graphs: Statistical models on infinite graphs may exhibit inhomogeneous thermodynamic\nbehaviour at macroscopic scales. This phenomenon is of geometrical origin and\nmay be properly described in terms of spectral partitions into subgraphs with\nwell defined spectral dimensions and spectral weights. These subgraphs are\nshown to be thermodynamically homogeneous and effectively decoupled.",
        "positive": "Anisotropy of a Cubic Ferromagnet at Criticality: Critical fluctuations change the effective anisotropy of cubic ferromagnet\nnear the Curie point. If the crystal undergoes phase transition into\northorhombic phase and the initial anisotropy is not too strong, reduced\nanisotropy of nonlinear susceptibility acquires at $T_c$ the universal value\n$\\delta_4^* = {{2v^*} \\over {3(u^* + v^*)}}$ where $u^*$ and $v^*$ --\ncoordinates of the cubic fixed point on the flow diagram of renormalization\ngroup equations. In the paper, the critical value of the reduced anisotropy is\nestimated within the pseudo-$\\epsilon$ expansion approach. The six-loop\npseudo-$\\epsilon$ expansions for $u^*$, $v^*$, and $\\delta_4^*$ are derived for\nthe arbitrary spin dimensionality $n$. For cubic crystals ($n = 3$)\nhigher-order coefficients of the pseudo-$\\epsilon$ expansions obtained turn out\nto be so small that use of simple Pad\\'e approximants yields reliable numerical\nresults. Pad\\'e resummation of the pseudo-$\\epsilon$ series for $u^*$, $v^*$,\nand $\\delta_4^*$ leads to the estimate $\\delta_4^* = 0.079 \\pm 0.006$\nindicating that detection of the anisotropic critical behavior of cubic\nferromagnets in physical and computer experiments is certainly possible."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the low-temperature lattice thermal transport in nanowires: We propose a theory of low temperature thermal transport in nano-wires in the\nregime where a competition between phonon and flexural modes governs the\nrelaxation processes. Starting with the standard kinetic equations for two\ndifferent types of quasiparticles we derive a general expression for the\ncoefficient of thermal conductivity. The underlying physics of thermal\nconductance is completely determined by the corresponding relaxation times,\nwhich can be calculated directly for any dispersion of quasiparticles depending\non the size of a system. We show that if the considered relaxation mechanism is\ndominant, then at small wire diameters the temperature dependence of thermal\nconductivity experiences a crossover from $T^{1/2}$ to $T^3$-dependence.\nQuantitative analysis shows reasonable agreement with resent experimental\nresults.",
        "positive": "Driven Disordered Periodic Media with an Underlying Structural Phase\n  Transition: We investigate the driven states of a two-dimensional crystal whose ground\nstate can be tuned through a square-triangular transition. The depinning of\nsuch a system from a quenched random background potential occurs via a complex\nsequence of dynamical states, which include plastic flow states, hexatics,\ndynamically stabilized triangle and square phases and intermediate regimes of\nphase coexistence. These results are relevant to transport experiments in the\nmixed phase of several superconductors which exhibit such structural\ntransitions as well as to driven colloidal systems whose interactions can be\ntuned via surface modifications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Symmetric Brownian motor: In this paper we present a model of a symmetric Brownian motor (SBM) which\nchanges the sign of its velocity when the temperature gradient is inverted. The\nvelocity, external work and efficiency are studied as a function of the\ntemperatures of the baths and other relevant parameters. The motor shows a\ncurrent reversal when another parameter (a phase shift) is varied. Analytical\npredictions and results from numerical simulations are performed and agree very\nwell. Generic properties of this type of motors are discussed.",
        "positive": "Anomalous self-diffusion in a freely evolving granular gas near the\n  shearing instability: The self-diffusion coefficient of a granular gas in the homogeneous cooling\nstate is analyzed near the shearing instability. Using mode-coupling theory, it\nis shown that the coefficient diverges logarithmically as the instability is\napproached, due to the coupling of the diffusion process with the shear modes.\nThe divergent behavior, which is peculiar of granular gases and disappears in\nthe elastic limit, does not depend on any other transport coefficient. The\ntheoretical prediction is confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation results\nfor two-dimensional systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Standing spin wave mode in RFIM at T=0: Patterns and nonequilibrium\n  phases: The dynamical responses of random field Ising model at zero temperature,\ndriven by standing magnetic field wave, is studied by Monte Carlo simulation in\ntwo dimensions. The three different kinds of distribution of quenched random\nfield are used here, uniform, bimodal and Gaussian. In all cases, three\ndistinct dynamical phases were observed, namely, the pinned, structured and\nrandom. In the pinned phase no spin flip is observed. In the structured phase\nstanding spin wave modes are observed. The random phase is shown no regular\npattern. For a fixed value of the amplitude of the standing magnetic field\nwave, in the region of small quenched field, the system remains in a pinned\nphase. In the intermediate range of values of random field, a standing spin\nwave mode (structured phase) is observed. The regular pattern of this spin wave\nmode disappears for higher values of random field yielding a random phase. The\ncomprehensive phase baundaries are drawn in all three cases. The boundary of\npinned phase are analytically calculated for uniform and bimodal types of\nquenched random fields.",
        "positive": "Universality and Scaling for the Structure Factor in Dynamic\n  Order-Disorder Transitions: The universal form for the average scattering intensity from systems\nundergoing order-disorder transitions is found by numerical integration of the\nLangevin dynamics. The result is nearly identical for simulations involving two\ndifferent forms of the local contribution to the free energy, supporting the\nidea that the Model A dynamical universality class includes a wide range of\nlocal free-energy forms. An absolute comparison with no adjustable parameters\nis made to the forms predicted by the theories of Ohta-Jasnow-Kawasaki and\nMazenko. The numerical results are well described by the former theory, except\nin the cross-over region between scattering dominated by domain geometry and\nscattering determined by Porod's law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling Limit of Vicious Walkers, Schur Function, and Gaussian Random\n  Matrix Ensemble: We consider the diffusion scaling limit of the vicious walkers and derive the\ntime-dependent spatial-distribution function of walkers. The dependence on\ninitial configurations of walkers is generally described by using the symmetric\npolynomials called the Schur functions. In the special case in the scaling\nlimit that all walkers are started from the origin, the probability density is\nsimplified and it shows that the positions of walkers on the real axis at time\none is identically distributed with the eigenvalues of random matrices in the\nGaussian orthogonal ensemble. Since the diffusion scaling limit makes the\nvicious walkers converge to the nonintersecting Brownian motions in\ndistribution, the present study will provide a new method to analyze\nintersection problems of Brownian motions in one-dimension.",
        "positive": "A generalized spherical version of the Blume-Emery-Griffits model with\n  ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions: We have investigated analitycally the phase diagram of a generalized\nspherical version of the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model that includes\nferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic spin interactions as well as quadrupole\ninteractions in zero and nonzero magnetic field. We show that in three\ndimensions and zero magnetic field a regular paramagnetic-ferromagnetic (PM-FM)\nor a paramagnetic-antiferromagnetic (PM-AFM) phase transition occurs whenever\nthe magnetic spin interactions dominate over the quadrupole interactions.\nHowever, when spin and quadrupole interactions are important, there appears a\nreentrant FM-PM or AFM-PM phase transition at low temperatures, in addition to\nthe regular PM-FM or PM-AFM phase transitions. On the other hand, in a nonzero\nhomogeneous external magnetic field $H$, we find no evidence of a transition to\nthe state with spontaneous magnetization for FM interactions in three\ndimensions. Nonethelesss, for AFM interactions we do get a scenario similar to\nthat described above for zero external magnetic field, except that the critical\ntemperatures are now functions of $H$. We also find two critical field values,\n$H_{c1}$, at which the reentrance phenomenon dissapears and $H_{c2}$\n($H_{c1}\\approx 0.5H_{c2}$), above which the PM-AFM transition temperature\nvanishes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lower Bound on Irreversibility in Thermal Relaxation of Open Quantum\n  Systems: We consider thermal relaxation process of a quantum system attached to a\nsingle or multiple reservoirs. Quantifying the degree of irreversibility by\nentropy production, we prove that the irreversibility of the thermal relaxation\nis lower-bounded by a relative entropy between the unitarily-evolved state and\nthe final state. The bound characterizes the state discrepancy induced by the\nnon-unitary dynamics, thus reflecting the dissipative nature of\nirreversibility. Intriguingly, the bound can be evaluated solely in terms of\nthe initial and final states and the system Hamiltonian; hence, providing a\nfeasible way to estimate entropy production without prior knowledge of the\nunderlying coupling structure. Our finding refines the second law of\nthermodynamics and reveals a universal feature of thermal relaxation processes.",
        "positive": "Stochastic thermodynamics for \"Maxwell demon\" feedbacks: We propose a way to incorporate the effect of a specific class of feedback\nprocesses into stochastic thermodynamics. These \"Maxwell demon\" feedbacks do\nnot affect the system energetics but only the energy barriers between the\nsystem states (in a way which depends on the system states). They are thus of a\npurely informational nature. We show that the resulting formalism can be\napplied to study the thermodynamic effect of a feedback process acting on\nelectron transfers through a junction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Liquid is More Rigid than Solid in a High-Frequency Region: We compare rigidity of materials in two phases, liquid and solid phases. As a\nmeasure of the rigidity, we employ the one characterizing how firmly the\nmaterial is fixed by low density of pinning centers, such as impurities and\nrough surfaces of walls, against a weak force. Although a solid is more rigid\nthan a liquid against a low-frequency force, we find that against a\nhigh-frequency force the liquid becomes more rigid than the solid of the same\nmaterial. Since this result is derived from universal properties of a response\nfunction, it is valid for wide classes of materials, including quantum and\nclassical systems and crystalline and amorphous solids. An instructive example\nis studied using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We find that\nthe frequency region in which a solid is more flexible than a liquid is not\npurely determined by intrinsic properties of the solid. It depends also on\nextrinsic factors such as the density of pinning centers.",
        "positive": "The Elusive Present: Hidden Past and Future Dependency and Why We Build\n  Models: Modeling a temporal process as if it is Markovian assumes the present encodes\nall of the process's history. When this occurs, the present captures all of the\ndependency between past and future. We recently showed that if one randomly\nsamples in the space of structured processes, this is almost never the case.\nSo, how does the Markov failure come about? That is, how do individual\nmeasurements fail to encode the past? And, how many are needed to capture\ndependencies between the past and future? Here, we investigate how much\ninformation can be shared between the past and future, but not be reflected in\nthe present. We quantify this elusive information, give explicit calculational\nmethods, and draw out the consequences. The most important of which is that\nwhen the present hides past-future dependency we must move beyond\nsequence-based statistics and build state-based models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling behavior of linear polymers in disordered media: Folklore has, that the universal scaling properties of linear polymers in\ndisordered media are well described by the statistics of self-avoiding walks\nFolklore has, that the universal scaling properties of linear polymers in\ndisordered media are well described by the statistics of self-avoiding walks\n(SAWs) on percolation clusters and their critical exponent $\\nu_{\\text{SAW}}$,\nwith SAW implicitly referring to \\emph{average} SAW. Hitherto, static averaging\nhas been commonly used, e.g. in numerical simulations, to determine what the\n\\emph{average} SAW is. We assert that only kinetic, rather than static,\naveraging can lead to asymptotic scaling behavior and corroborate our assertion\nby heuristic arguments and a renormalizable field theory. Moreover, we\ncalculate to two-loop order $\\nu_{\\text{SAW}}$, the exponent $\\nu\n_{\\text{max}}$ for the longest SAW, and a new family of multifractal exponents\n$\\nu^{(\\alpha)}$.",
        "positive": "Non-diagonal boundary conditions for gl(1|1) super spin chains: We study a one-dimensional model of free fermions with $\\mathfrak{gl}(1|1)$\nsupersymmetry and demonstrate how non-diagonal boundary conditions can be\nincorporated into the framework of the graded Quantum Inverse Scattering Method\n(gQISM) by means of \\emph{super matrices} with entries from a superalgebra. For\nsuper hermitian twists and open boundary conditions subject to a certain\nconstraint, we solve the eigenvalue problem for the super transfermatrix by\nmeans of the graded algebraic Bethe ansatz technique (gABA) starting from a\nfermionic coherent state. For generic boundary conditions the algebraic Bethe\nansatz can not be applied. In this case the spectrum of the super transfer\nmatrix is obtained from a functional relation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Otto engines at relativistic energies: Relativistic quantum systems exhibit unique features not present at lower\nenergies, such as the existence of both particles and antiparticles, and\nrestrictions placed on the system dynamics due to the light cone. In order to\nunderstand what impact these relativistic phenomena have on the performance of\nquantum thermal machines we analyze a quantum Otto engine with a working medium\nof a relativistic particle in an oscillator potential evolving under Dirac or\nKlein-Gordon dynamics. We examine both the low-temperature, non-relativistic\nand high-temperature, relativistic limits of the dynamics and find that the\nrelativistic engine operates with higher work output, but an effectively\nreduced compression ratio, leading to significantly smaller efficiency than its\nnon-relativistic counterpart. Using the framework of endoreversible\nthermodynamics we determine the efficiency at maximum power of the relativistic\nengine, and find it to be equivalent to the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem in an Isolated System of Quantum Dipolar\n  Bosons after a Quench: We examine the validity of fluctuation-dissipation relations in isolated\nquantum systems taken out of equilibrium by a sudden quench. We focus on the\ndynamics of trapped hard-core bosons in one-dimensional lattices with dipolar\ninteractions whose strength is changed during the quench. We find that\nfluctuation-dissipation relations hold if the system is nonintegrable after the\nquench. They also hold if the system is integrable after the quench if the\ninitial state is an equilibrium state of a nonintegrable Hamiltonian. However,\nthey fail if the system is integrable both before and after quenching."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lyapunov exponent of the random frequency oscillator: cumulant expansion\n  approach: We consider a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator with a random frequency,\nfocusing on both the standard and the generalized Lyapunov exponents, $\\lambda$\nand $\\lambda^\\star$ respectively. We discuss the numerical difficulties that\narise in the numerical calculation of $\\lambda^\\star$ in the case of strong\nintermittency. When the frequency corresponds to a Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process,\nwe compute analytically $\\lambda^\\star$ by using a cumulant expansion including\nup to the fourth order. Connections with the problem of finding an analytical\nestimate for the largest Lyapunov exponent of a many-body system with smooth\ninteractions are discussed.",
        "positive": "Metabolically Efficient Information Processing: Energy efficient information transmission may be relevant to biological\nsensory signal processing as well as to low power electronic devices. We\nexplore its consequences in two different regimes. In an ``immediate'' regime,\nwe argue that the information rate should be maximized subject to a power\nconstraint, while in an ``exploratory'' regime, the transmission rate per power\ncost should be maximized. In the absence of noise, discrete inputs are\noptimally encoded into Boltzmann distributed output symbols. In the exploratory\nregime, the partition function of this distribution is numerically equal to 1.\nThe structure of the optimal code is strongly affected by noise in the\ntransmission channel. The Arimoto-Blahut algorithm, generalized for cost\nconstraints, can be used to derive and interpret the distribution of symbols\nfor optimal energy efficient coding in the presence of noise. We outline the\npossibilities and problems in extending our results to information coding and\ntransmission in neurobiological systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classification of $SL_2$ deformed Floquet Conformal Field Theories: Classification of the non-equilibrium quantum many-body dynamics is a\nchallenging problem in condensed matter physics and statistical mechanics. In\nthis work, we study the basic question that whether a (1+1) dimensional\nconformal field theory (CFT) is stable or not under a periodic driving with $N$\nnon-commuting Hamiltonians. Previous works showed that a Floquet (or\nperiodically driven) CFT driven by certain $SL_2$ deformed Hamiltonians exhibit\nboth non-heating (stable) and heating (unstable) phases. In this work, we show\nthat the phase diagram depends on the types of driving Hamiltonians. In\ngeneral, the heating phase is generic, but the non-heating phase may be absent\nin the phase diagram. For the existence of the non-heating phases, we give\nsufficient and necessary conditions for $N=2$, and sufficient conditions for\n$N>2$. These conditions are composed of $N$ layers of data, with each layer\ndetermined by the types of driving Hamiltonians. Our results also apply to the\nsingle quantum quench problem with $N=1$.",
        "positive": "Resilience of hidden order to symmetry-preserving disorder: We study the robustness of non-local string order in two paradigmatic\ndisordered spin-chain models, a spin-1/2 cluster-Ising and a spin-1 XXZ\nHeisenberg chain. In the clean case, they both display a transition from\nantiferromagnetic to string order. Applying a disorder which preserves the\nHamiltonian symmetries, we find that the transition persists in both models. In\nthe disordered cluster-Ising model we can study the transition analytically --\nby applying the strongest coupling renormalization group -- and numerically --\nby exploiting integrability to study the antiferromagnetic and string order\nparameters. We map the model into a quadratic fermion chain, where the\ntransition appears as a change in the number of zero-energy edge modes. We also\nexplore its zero-temperature-singularity behavior and find a transition from a\nnon-singular to a singular region, at a point that is different from the one\nseparating non-local and local ordering.} The disordered Heisenberg chain can\nbe treated only numerically: by means of MPS-based simulations, we are able to\nlocate the existence of a transition between antiferromagnetic and\nstring-ordered phase, through the study of order parameters. Finally we discuss\npossible connections of our findings with many body localization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nature of the Bogoliubov ground state of a weakly interacting Bose gas: As is well-known, in Bogoliubov's theory of an interacting Bose gas the\nground state of the Hamiltonian $\\hat{H}=\\sum_{\\bf k\\neq 0}\\hat{H}_{\\bf k}$ is\nfound by diagonalizing each of the Hamiltonians $\\hat{H}_{\\bf k}$ corresponding\nto a given momentum mode ${\\bf k}$ independently of the Hamiltonians\n$\\hat{H}_{\\bf k'(\\neq k)}$ of the remaining modes. We argue that this way of\ndiagonalizing $\\hat{H}$ may not be adequate, since the Hilbert spaces where the\nsingle-mode Hamiltonians $\\hat{H}_{\\bf k}$ are diagonalized are not disjoint,\nbut have the ${\\bf k}=0$ in common. A number-conserving generalization of\nBogoliubov's method is presented where the total Hamiltonian $\\hat{H}$ is\ndiagonalized directly. When this is done, the spectrum of excitations changes\nfrom a gapless one, as predicted by Bogoliubov's method, to one which has a\nfinite gap in the $k\\to 0$ limit.",
        "positive": "On locations and properties of the multicritical point of Gaussian and\n  +/-J Ising spin glasses: We use transfer-matrix and finite-size scaling methods to investigate the\nlocation and properties of the multicritical point of two-dimensional Ising\nspin glasses on square, triangular and honeycomb lattices, with both binary and\nGaussian disorder distributions. For square and triangular lattices with binary\ndisorder, the estimated position of the multicritical point is in numerical\nagreement with recent conjectures regarding its exact location. For the\nremaining four cases, our results indicate disagreement with the respective\nversions of the conjecture, though by very small amounts, never exceeding 0.2%.\nOur results for: (i) the correlation-length exponent $\\nu$ governing the\nferro-paramagnetic transition; (ii) the critical domain-wall energy amplitude\n$\\eta$; (iii) the conformal anomaly $c$; (iv) the finite-size susceptibility\nexponent $\\gamma/\\nu$; and (v) the set of multifractal exponents $\\{\\eta_k \\}$\nassociated to the moments of the probability distribution of spin-spin\ncorrelation functions at the multicritical point, are consistent with\nuniversality as regards lattice structure and disorder distribution, and in\ngood agreement with existing estimates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical learning theory of structured data: The traditional approach of statistical physics to supervised learning\nroutinely assumes unrealistic generative models for the data: usually inputs\nare independent random variables, uncorrelated with their labels. Only\nrecently, statistical physicists started to explore more complex forms of data,\nsuch as equally-labelled points lying on (possibly low dimensional) object\nmanifolds. Here we provide a bridge between this recently-established research\narea and the framework of statistical learning theory, a branch of mathematics\ndevoted to inference in machine learning. The overarching motivation is the\ninadequacy of the classic rigorous results in explaining the remarkable\ngeneralization properties of deep learning. We propose a way to integrate\nphysical models of data into statistical learning theory, and address, with\nboth combinatorial and statistical mechanics methods, the computation of the\nVapnik-Chervonenkis entropy, which counts the number of different binary\nclassifications compatible with the loss class. As a proof of concept, we focus\non kernel machines and on two simple realizations of data structure introduced\nin recent physics literature: $k$-dimensional simplexes with prescribed\ngeometric relations and spherical manifolds (equivalent to margin\nclassification). Entropy, contrary to what happens for unstructured data, is\nnonmonotonic in the sample size, in contrast with the rigorous bounds.\nMoreover, data structure induces a novel transition beyond the storage\ncapacity, which we advocate as a proxy of the nonmonotonicity, and ultimately a\ncue of low generalization error. The identification of a synaptic volume\nvanishing at the transition allows a quantification of the impact of data\nstructure within replica theory, applicable in cases where combinatorial\nmethods are not available, as we demonstrate for margin learning.",
        "positive": "Ground-state fidelity and tensor network states for quantum spin tubes: An efficient algorithm is developed for quantum spin tubes in the context of\nthe tensor network representations. It allows to efficiently compute the\nground-state fidelity per lattice site, which in turn enables us to identify\nquantum critical points, at which quantum spin tubes undergo quantum phase\ntransitions. As an illustration, we investigate the isosceles spin 1/2\nantiferromagnetic three-leg Heisenberg tube. Our simulation results suggest\nthat two Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions occur as the degree of asymmetry of\nthe rung interaction is tuned, thus offering an alternative route towards a\nresolution to the conflicting results on this issue arising from the density\nmatrix renormalization group."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of step stiffness and diffusion anisotropy on the meandering of a\n  growing vicinal surface: We study the step meandering instability on a surface characterized by the\nalternation of terraces with different properties, as in the case of Si(001).\nThe interplay between diffusion anisotropy and step stiffness induces a finite\nwavelength instability corresponding to a meandering mode. The instability sets\nin beyond a threshold value which depends on the relative magnitudes of the\ndestabilizing flux and the stabilizing stiffness difference. The meander\ndynamics is governed by the conserved Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation, which\ndisplay spatiotemporal coarsening.",
        "positive": "Symplectic quantization III: Non-relativistic limit: First of all we shortly illustrate how the symplectic quantization scheme\n[Gradenigo and Livi, 2021] can be applied to a relativistic field theory with\nself-interaction. Taking inspiration from the stochastic quantization method by\nParisi and Wu, this procedure is based on considering explicitly the role of an\nintrinsic time variable, associated with quantum fluctuations. The major part\nof this paper is devoted to showing how the symplectic quantization scheme can\nbe extended to the non-relativistic limit for a Schr\\\"odinger-like field. Then\nwe also discuss how one can obtain from this non-relativistic theory a linear\nSchr\\\"odinger equation for the single-particle wavefunction. This further\npassage is based on a suitable coarse-graining procedure, when self-interaction\nterms can be neglected, with respect to interactions with any external field.\nIn the Appendix we complete our survey on symplectic quantization by discussing\nhow this scheme applies to a non-relativistic particle under the action of a\ngeneric external potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum fluctuation theorems and work-energy relationships with due\n  regard for convergence, dissipation and irreversibility: Firstly the fluctuation theorems (FT) for expended work in a driven\nnonequilibrium system, isolated or thermostatted, together with the ensuing\nJarzynski work-energy (W-E) relationships, will be discussed and reobtained.\nSecondly, the fluctuation theorems for entropy flow will be reconsidered. Our\ntreatment will be fully quantum-statistical, being an ex-tension of our\nprevious research reported in Phys. Rev. E (2012), and will avoid the\ndeficiencies that afflicted previous works such as: arguments based on\nclassical trajectories in phase space, a reliance on the 'pure' von Neumann\nequation or 'non-reduced' Heisenberg operators, or other departures from the\ngeneral tenets spelled out by Lindblad and others (e.g. Breuer and Petruccione)\nsuch as stochastic 'jump-induced' random trajectories. While a number of\nrelationships from such previous works will still be employed, our Markov\nprobability $P(\\sigma_f,t_f|\\sigma_0,t_0)$ shall only denote the two\nstate-points, with no reference whatsoever to stochastic trajectories, these\nbeing meaningless in a quantum description.",
        "positive": "Quantum adiabatic protocols using emergent local Hamiltonians: We present two applications of emergent local Hamiltonians to speed up\nquantum adiabatic protocols for isolated noninteracting and weakly interacting\nfermionic systems in one-dimensional lattices. We demonstrate how to extract\nmaximal work from initial band-insulating states, and how to adiabatically\ntransfer systems from linear and harmonic traps into box traps. Our protocols\nconsist of two stages. The first one involves a free expansion followed by a\nquench to an emergent local Hamiltonian. In the second stage, the emergent\nlocal Hamiltonian is \"turned off\" quasistatically. For the adiabatic transfer\nfrom a harmonic trap, we consider both zero- and nonzero-temperature initial\nstates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random field Ising model swept by propagating magnetic field wave:\n  Athermal nonequilibrium phase diagram: The dynamical steady state behaviour of the random field\n  Ising ferromagnet swept by a propagating magnetic field wave is studied at\nzero temperature by Monte Carlo simulation in two dimensions. The distribution\nof the random field is bimodal type. For a fixed set of values of the frequency\nand wavelength of propagating magnetic field wave and the strength of the\nrandom field, four distinct dynamical steady states or nonequilibrium phases\nwere identified. These four nonequilibrium phases are characterised by\ndifferent values of structure factors. State of first kind, where all spins are\nparallel (up). The second one is, the propagating type, where the sharp strips\nformed by parallel spins are found to move coherently. The third one is also\npropagating type, where the boundary of the strips of spins is not very sharp.\nThe fourth kind, shows no propagation of stripes of magnetic spins, forming a\nhomogeneous distribution of up and down spins. This is disordered phase The\nappearance of these four dynamical phases or modes depends on the value of the\namplitude of propagating magnetic field wave and the strength of random\n(static) field. A phase diagram has also been drawn, in the plane formed by the\namplitude of propagating field and the strength of random field. It is checked\nthat, the existence of these dynamical phases is neither a finite size effect\nnor a transient phenomenon.",
        "positive": "The virial expansion of a classical interacting system: We consider N particles interacting pair-wise by an inverse square potential\nin one dimension (Calogero-Sutherland-Moser model). When trapped harmonically,\nits classical canonical partition function for the repulsive regime is known in\nthe literature. We start by presenting a concise re-derivation of this result.\nThe equation of state is then calculated both for the trapped and the\nhomogeneous gas. Finally, the classical limit of Wu's distribution function for\nfractional exclusion statistics is obtained and we re-derive the classical\nvirial expansion of the homogeneous gas using this distribution function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Chaos and Thermalization in Isolated Systems of Interacting\n  Particles: This review is devoted to the problem of thermalization in a small isolated\nconglomerate of interacting constituents. A variety of physically important\nsystems of intensive current interest belong to this category: complex atoms,\nmolecules (including biological molecules), nuclei, small devices of condensed\nmatter and quantum optics on nano- and micro-scale, cold atoms in optical\nlattices, ion traps. Physical implementations of quantum computers, where there\nare many interacting qubits, also fall into this group. Statistical\nregularities come into play through inter-particle interactions, which have two\nfundamental components: mean field, that along with external conditions, forms\nthe regular component of the dynamics, and residual interactions responsible\nfor the complex structure of the actual stationary states. At sufficiently high\nlevel density, the stationary states become exceedingly complicated\nsuperpositions of simple quasiparticle excitations. At this stage, regularities\ntypical of quantum chaos emerge and bring in signatures of thermalization. We\ndescribe all the stages and the results of the processes leading to\nthermalization, using analytical and massive numerical examples for realistic\natomic, nuclear, and spin systems, as well as for models with random\nparameters. The structure of stationary states, strength functions of simple\nconfigurations, and concepts of entropy and temperature in application to\nisolated mesoscopic systems are discussed in detail. We conclude with a\nschematic discussion of the time evolution of such systems to equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Supercooled liquids, the glass transition, and computer simulations: Lecture notes for LES HOUCHES 2002 SUMMER SCHOOL - SESSION LXXVII on SLOW\nRELAXATIONS AND NONEQUILIBRIUM DYNAMICS IN CONDENSED MATTER; Les Houches: July\n1-26, 2002"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Legendre Transform in Non-additive Thermodynamics and Complexity: We present an argument which purports to show that the use of the standard\nLegendre transform in non-additive Statistical Mechanics is not appropriate.\nFor concreteness, we use as paradigm, the case of systems which are\nconjecturally described by the (non-additive) Tsallis entropy. We point out the\nform of the modified Legendre transform that should be used, instead, in the\nnon-additive thermodynamics induced by the Tsallis entropy. We comment on more\ngeneral implications of this proposal for the thermodynamics of \"complex\nsystems\".",
        "positive": "Critical Casimir forces in a magnetic system: An experimental protocol: We numerically test an experimentally realizable method for the extraction of\nthe critical Casimir force based on its thermodynamic definition as the\nderivative of the excess free energy with respect to system size. Free energy\ndifferences are estimated for different system sizes by integrating the order\nparameter along an isotherm. The method could be developed for experiments on\nmagnetic systems and could give access to the critical Casimir force for any\nuniversality class. By choosing an applied field that opposes magnetic ordering\nat the boundaries, the Casimir force is found to increase by an order of\nmagnitude over zero-field results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalized Field Theory of Polyelectrolyte Solutions: We present a field-theoretic renormalization group (RG) analysis of a dilute\nsolution of flexible, screened polyelectrolyte chains (Debye-Hueckel chains) in\na polar solvent. We perform a virial expansion to calculate the scaling\ndependence of the Osmotic pressure on the chain density, chain size and\nscreening length. The formalism is developed for general chain distributions\nand we give explicit forms for a monodisperse chain size distribution. We\nutilize the fact that a Debye-Hueckel chain may be mapped to a local field\ntheory with TWO length-scales requiring the calculation of scaling functions as\nwell as exponents to fully describe its scaling behaviour.",
        "positive": "Reply to the Comment by A. Hanke and R. Metzler on \"Why is the DNA\n  Denaturation Transition First Order?\": It is shown that the scaling analysis presented in Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4988\n(2000) (cond-mat/0007141) is valid for finite chains of lengths relevant to\nexperiments, in contrast to a recent claim made by A. Hanke and R. Metzler in\ncond-mat/0108323."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simulation of reproductive risk and emergence of female reproductive\n  cessation: Using a simple computer model for evolution, we show that in a sexual\npopulation subject only to age-increasing reproductive risk, a cessation of\nfemale reproduction emerges.",
        "positive": "Stability of a Vortex in a Rotating Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensate: We briefly discuss energy, normal modes and dynamics of a vortex in a trapped\nBose-Einstein condensate. Theoretical results are compared with current\nexperiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of inertial particles under velocity resetting: We investigate stochastic resetting in coupled systems involving two degrees\nof freedom, where only one variable is reset. The resetting variable, which we\nthink of as hidden, indirectly affects the remaining observable variable\nthrough correlations. We derive the Fourier-Laplace transform of the observable\nvariable's propagator and provide a recursive relation for all the moments,\nfacilitating a comprehensive examination of the process. We apply this\nframework to inertial transport processes where we observe particle position\nwhile the velocity is hidden and is being reset at a constant rate. We show\nthat velocity resetting results in a linearly growing spatial mean squared\ndisplacement at late times, independently of reset-free dynamics, due to\nresetting-induced tempering of velocity correlations. General expressions for\nthe effective diffusion and drift coefficients are derived as function of\nresetting rate. Non-trivial dependence on the rate may appear due to multiple\ntimescales and crossovers in the reset-free dynamics. An extension that\nincorporates refractory periods after each reset is considered, where the\npost-resetting pauses can lead to anomalous diffusive behavior. Our results are\nof relevance to a wide range of systems, including inertial transport where\nmechanical momentum is lost in collisions with the environment, or the behavior\nof living organisms where stop-and-go locomotion with inertia is ubiquitous.\nNumerical simulations for underdamped Brownian motion and the random\nacceleration process confirm our findings.",
        "positive": "Forces and pressures in adsorbing partially directed walks: Polymers in confined spaces lose conformational entropy. This induces a net\nrepulsive entropic force on the walls of the confining space. A model for this\nphenomenon is a lattice walk between confining walls, and in this paper a model\nof an adsorbing partially directed walk is used. The walk is placed in a half\nsquare lattice $L^2_+$ with boundary $\\partial L^2_+$, and confined between two\nvertical parallel walls, which are vertical lines in the lattice, a distance\n$w$ apart. The free energy of the walk is determined, as a function of $w$, for\nwalks with endpoints in the confining walls and adsorbing in $\\partial L^2_+$.\nThis gives the entropic force on the confining walls as a function of $w$. It\nis shown that there are zero force points in this model and the locations of\nthese points are determined, in some cases exactly, and in other cases\nasymptotically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fleming-Viot particle system driven by a random walk on $\\mathbb{N}$: Random walk on $\\mathbb{N}$ with negative drift and absorption at 0, when\nconditioned on survival, has uncountably many invariant measures\n(quasi-stationary distributions, qsd) $\\nu_c$. We study a Fleming-Viot(FV)\nparticle system driven by this process and show that mean normalized densities\nof the FV unique stationary measure converge to the minimal qsd, $\\nu_0$, as $N\n\\to \\infty$. Furthermore, every other qsd of the random walk ($\\nu_c$, $c>0$)\ncorresponds to a metastable state of the FV particle system.",
        "positive": "Heuristic theory for many-faced d-dimensional Poisson-Voronoi cells: We consider the d-dimensional Poisson-Voronoi tessellation and investigate\nthe applicability of heuristic methods developed recently for two dimensions.\nLet p_n(d) be the probability that a cell have n neighbors (be `n-faced') and\nm_n(d) the average facedness of a cell adjacent to an n-faced cell. We obtain\nthe leading order terms of the asymptotic large-n expansions for p_n(d) and\nm_n(3). It appears that, just as in dimension two, the Poisson-Voronoi\ntessellation violates Aboav's `linear law' also in dimension three. A\nconfrontation of this statement with existing Monte Carlo work remains\ninconclusive. However, simulations upgraded to the level of present-day\ncomputer capacity will in principle be able to confirm (or invalidate) our\ntheory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lattice field theories with an energy current: We investigate a lattice scalar field theory in the presence of a bias\nfavouring the establishment of an energy current, as a model for stationary\nnonequilibrium processes at low temperature in a non-integrable system. There\nis a transition at a finite value of the bias to a gapless modulated phase\nwhich carries a classical current; however, unlike in similar, integrable,\nmodels, quantum effects also allow for a non-zero current at arbitrarily small\nbias. The transition is second order in the magnetically disordered phase, but\nis pre-empted by a first-order transition in the ferromagnetic case, at least\nat the mean-field level.",
        "positive": "Large deviations in statistics of the convex hull of passive and active\n  particles: A theoretical study: We investigate analytically the distribution tails of the area A and\nperimeter L of a convex hull for different types of planar random walks. For N\nnoninteracting Brownian motions of duration T we find that the large-L and A\ntails behave as $\\mathcal{P}\\left(L\\right)\\sim e^{-b_{N}L^{2}/DT}$ and\n$\\mathcal{P}\\left(A\\right)\\sim e^{-c_{N}A/DT}$, while the small-$L$ and $A$\ntails behave as $\\mathcal{P}\\left(L\\right)\\sim e^{-d_{N}DT/L^{2}}$ and\n$\\mathcal{P}\\left(A\\right)\\sim e^{-e_{N}DT/A}$, where $D$ is the diffusion\ncoefficient. We calculated all of the coefficients ($b_N, c_N, d_N, e_N$)\nexactly. Strikingly, we find that $b_N$ and $c_N$ are independent of N, for\n$N\\geq 3$ and $N \\geq 4$, respectively. We find that the large-L (A) tails are\ndominated by a single, most probable realization that attains the desired L\n(A). The left tails are dominated by the survival probability of the particles\ninside a circle of appropriate size. For active particles and at long times, we\nfind that large-L and A tails are given by $\\mathcal{P}\\left(L\\right)\\sim\ne^{-T\\Psi_{N}^{\\text{per}}\\left(L/T\\right)}$ and $\\mathcal{P}\\left(A\\right)\\sim\ne^{-T\\Psi_{N}^{\\text{area}}\\left(\\sqrt{A}/T\\right)}$ respectively. We calculate\nthe large deviation functions $\\Psi_N$ exactly and find that they exhibit\nmultiple singularities. We interpret these as dynamical phase transitions of\nfirst order. We extended several of these results to dimensions $d>2$. Our\nanalytic predictions display excellent agreement with existing results that\nwere obtained from extensive numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ensemble dependence of fluctuations and the canonical/micro-canonical\n  equivalence of ensembles: We study the equivalence of microcanonical and canonical ensembles in\ncontinuous systems, in the sense of the convergence of the corresponding Gibbs\nmeasures. This is obtained by proving a local central limit theorem and a local\nlarge deviations principle. As an application we prove a formula due to\nLebowitz-Percus-Verlet. It gives mean square fluctuations of an extensive\nobservable, like the kinetic energy, in a classical micro canonical ensemble at\nfixed energy.",
        "positive": "Flows on Graphs with Random Capacities: We investigate flows on graphs whose links have random capacities. For binary\ntrees we derive the probability distribution for the maximal flow from the root\nto a leaf, and show that for infinite trees it vanishes beyond a certain\nthreshold that depends on the distribution of capacities. We then examine the\nmaximal total flux from the root to the leaves. Our methods generalize to\nsimple graphs with loops, e.g., to hierarchical lattices and to complete\ngraphs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Charge-current correlation equalities for quantum systems far from\n  equilibrium: We prove that a recently derived correlation equality between conserved\ncharges and their associated conserved currents for quantum systems far from\nequilibrium [O.A. Castro-Alvaredo et al., Phys. Rev. X \\textbf{6}, 041065\n(2016)], is valid under more general conditions than assumed so far. Similar\ncorrelation identities, which in generalized Gibbs ensembles give rise to a\ncurrent symmetry somewhat reminiscent of the Onsager relations, turn out to\nhold also in the absence of translation invariance, for lattice models, and in\nany space dimension, and to imply a symmetry of the non-equilibrium linear\nresponse functions.",
        "positive": "Time-dependence of the effective temperatures of a two-dimensional\n  Brownian gyrator with cold and hot components: We consider a model of a two-dimensional molecular machine - called Brownian\ngyrator - that consists of two coordinates coupled to each other and to\nseparate heat baths at temperatures respectively $T_x$ and $T_y$. We consider\nthe limit in which one component is passive, because its bath is \"cold\", $T_x\n\\to 0$, while the second is in contact with a \"hot\" bath, $T_y > 0$, hence it\nentrains the passive component in a stochastic motion. We derive an asymmetry\nrelation as a function of time, from which time dependent effective\ntemperatures can be obtained for both components. We find that the effective\ntemperature of the passive element tends to a constant value, which is a\nfraction of $T_y$, while the effective temperature of the driving component\ngrows without bounds, in fact exponentially in time, as the steady-state is\napproached."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transition in hierarchy model of Bonabeau et al: The model of Bonabeau explains the emergence of social hierarchies from the\nmemory of fights in an initially egalitarian society. Introducing a feedback\nfrom the social inequality into the probability to win a fight, we find a sharp\ntransition between egalitarian society at low population density and\nhierarchical society at high population density.",
        "positive": "R\u00e9nyi Entropy of Zeta-Urns: We calculate analytically the Renyi entropy for the zeta-urn model with a\nGibbs measure definition of the micro-state probabilities. This allows us to\nobtain the singularities in the R\\'enyi entropy from those of the thermodynamic\npotential, which is directly related to the free energy density of the model.\nWe enumerate the various possible behaviours of the R\\'enyi entropy and its\nsingularities, which depend on both the value of the power law in the zeta-urn\nand the order of the R\\'enyi entropy under consideration"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "No eigenstate of the critical transverse-field Ising chain satisfies the\n  area law: We argue that, in a basis common to all one-site shift invariant conserved\ncharges, there is no eigenstate of a noninteracting local spin-1/2 chain\nHamiltonian that satisfies the area law if the ground state has half-integer\ncentral charge. That is to say, in those models all (quasi)local one-site shift\ninvariant conserved operators are gapless. From the standpoint of bipartite\nentanglement properties, we show indeed that there are three distinct one-site\nshift invariant noninteracting models, two of which are equivalent to the XX\nmodel (for one of them the transformation breaks one-site shift invariance) and\nthe other to the critical Ising model. The former class has two locally\ndistinct one-site shift invariant excited states satisfying the area law; the\nlatter two classes have none.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanical expressions of slip length: We provide general derivations of the partial slip boundary condition from\nmicroscopic dynamics and linearized fluctuating hydrodynamics. The derivations\nare based on the assumption of separation of scales between microscopic\nbehavior, such as collision of particles, and macroscopic behavior, such as\nrelaxation of fluid to global equilibrium. The derivations lead to several\nstatistical mechanical expressions of the slip length, which are classified\ninto two types. The expression in the first type is given as a local transport\ncoefficient, which is related to the linear response theory that describes the\nrelaxation process of the fluid. The second type is related to the linear\nresponse theory that describes the non-equilibrium steady state and the slip\nlength is given as combination of global transport coefficients, which are\ndependent on macroscopic lengths such as a system size. Our derivations clarify\nthat the separation of scales must be seriously considered in order to\ndistinguish the expressions belonging to two types. Based on these linear\nresponse theories, we organize the relationship among the statistical\nmechanical expressions of the slip length suggested in previous studies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A stochastic optimal velocity model and its long-lived metastability: In this paper, we propose a stochastic cellular automaton model of traffic\nflow extending two exactly solvable stochastic models, i.e., the asymmetric\nsimple exclusion process and the zero range process. Moreover it is regarded as\na stochastic extension of the optimal velocity model. In the fundamental\ndiagram (flux-density diagram), our model exhibits several regions of density\nwhere more than one stable state coexists at the same density in spite of the\nstochastic nature of its dynamical rule. Moreover, we observe that two\nlong-lived metastable states appear for a transitional period, and that the\ndynamical phase transition from a metastable state to another metastable/stable\nstate occurs sharply and spontaneously.",
        "positive": "Entropic criterion for model selection: Model or variable selection is usually achieved through ranking models\naccording to the increasing order of preference. One of methods is applying\nKullback-Leibler distance or relative entropy as a selection criterion. Yet\nthat will raise two questions, why uses this criterion and are there any other\ncriteria. Besides, conventional approaches require a reference prior, which is\nusually difficult to get. Following the logic of inductive inference proposed\nby Caticha, we show relative entropy to be a unique criterion, which requires\nno prior information and can be applied to different fields. We examine this\ncriterion by considering a physical problem, simple fluids, and results are\npromising."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium dark space phase transition: We introduce the concept of dark space phase transition, which may occur in\nopen many-body quantum systems where irreversible decay, interactions and\nquantum interference compete. Our study is based on a quantum many-body model,\nthat is inspired by classical nonequilibrium processes which feature phase\ntransitions into an absorbing state, such as epidemic spreading. The\npossibility for different dynamical paths to interfere quantum mechanically\nresults in collective dynamical behavior without classical counterpart. We\nidentify two competing dark states, a trivial one corresponding to a classical\nabsorbing state and an emergent one which is quantum coherent. We establish a\nnonequilibrium phase transition within this dark space that features a\nphenomenology which cannot be encountered in classical systems. Such emergent\ntwo-dimensional dark space may find technological applications, e.g. for the\ncollective encoding of a quantum information.",
        "positive": "Inverse condensation of adsorbed molecules with two conformations: Conventional gas-liquid phase transitions feature a coexistence line that has\na monotonic and positive slope in line with our intuition that cooling always\nleads to condensation. Here we study the inverse phenomenon, condensation of\nadsorbed organic molecules into dense domains upon heating. Our considerations\nare motivated by recent experiments [Aeschlimann et al., Angew. Chem. (2021)],\nwhich demonstrate the partial dissolution of an ordered molecular monolayer and\nthe mobilization of molecules upon cooling. We introduce a simple lattice model\nin which each site can have three states corresponding to unoccupied and two\ndiscernible molecular conformations. We investigate this model through Monte\nCarlo simulations, mean-field theory, and exact results based on the analytical\nsolution of the Ising model in two dimensions. Our results should be broadly\napplicable to molecules with distinct conformations that have sufficiently\ndifferent entropies or heat capacities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics at zero temperature: inequalities for the ground state of\n  a quantum many-body system: We prove that for a single-component many-body system at zero temperature the\ninequality $E_{\\rm int} \\leq\\, P\\,V$ holds, where $E_{\\rm int}$ is the\ninteraction energy, $P$ is pressure and $V$ is volume. This inequality is\nproven under rather general assumptions with the use of Anderson-type bound\nrelating ground state energies of systems with different numbers of particles.\nWe also consider adding impurity particles to the system and derive\ninequalities on the chemical potential of the impurity and binding energy of\nthe bound state of two impurities.",
        "positive": "N-States Continuous Maxwell Demon: Maxwell's demon is a famous thought experiment and a paradigm of the\nthermodynamics of information. It is related to Szilard's engine, a two-state\ninformation-to-work conversion device in which the demon performs single\nmeasurements and extracts work depending on the state measurement outcome. A\nvariant of these models, the Continuous Maxwell Demon (CMD), was recently\nintroduced by Ribezzi-Crivellari and Ritort where work was extracted every time\n$\\tau$ in a two state model. The CMD was able to extract unbounded amounts of\nwork at the cost of an unbounded amount of information storage. In this work,\nwe built a generalization of the CMD to the N-states case. We obtained\ngeneralized analytical expressions for the average work extracted and the\ninformation content. We show that the second law inequality for\ninformation-to-work conversion is fulfilled. We illustrate the results for\nN-states with uniform transition rates and for the N=3 case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Breakdown of Scaling in the Nonequilibrium Critical Dynamics of the\n  Two-Dimensional XY Model: The approach to equilibrium, from a nonequilibrium initial state, in a system\nat its critical point is usually described by a scaling theory with a single\ngrowing length scale, $\\xi(t) \\sim t^{1/z}$, where z is the dynamic exponent\nthat governs the equilibrium dynamics. We show that, for the 2D XY model, the\nrate of approach to equilibrium depends on the initial condition. In\nparticular, $\\xi(t) \\sim t^{1/2}$ if no free vortices are present in the\ninitial state, while $\\xi(t) \\sim (t/\\ln t)^{1/2}$ if free vortices are\npresent.",
        "positive": "Optimal search strategies for hidden targets: What is the fastest way of finding a randomly hidden target? This question of\ngeneral relevance is of vital importance for foraging animals. Experimental\nobservations reveal that the search behaviour of foragers is generally\nintermittent: active search phases randomly alternate with phases of fast\nballistic motion. In this letter, we study the efficiency of this type of two\nstates search strategies, by calculating analytically the mean first passage\ntime at the target. We model the perception mecanism involved in the active\nsearch phase by a diffusive process. In this framework, we show that the search\nstrategy is optimal when the average duration of \"motion phases\" varies like\nthe power either 3/5 or 2/3 of the average duration of \"search phases\",\ndepending on the regime. This scaling accounts for experimental data over a\nwide range of species, which suggests that the kinetics of search trajectories\nis a determining factor optimized by foragers and that the perception activity\nis adequately described by a diffusion process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Incidence of nonextensive thermodynamics in temporal scaling at\n  Feigenbaum points: Recently, in Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 140601 (2005), P. Grassberger addresses the\ninteresting issue of the applicability of q-statistics to the renowned\nFeigenbaum attractor. He concludes there is no genuine connection between the\ndynamics at the critical attractor and the generalized statistics and argues\nagainst its usefulness and correctness. Yet, several points are not in line\nwith our current knowledge, nor are his interpretations. We refer here only to\nthe dynamics on the attractor to point out that a correct reading of recent\ndevelopments invalidates his basic claim.",
        "positive": "Level dynamics in pseudointegrable billiards: an experimental study: The level dynamics of pseudointegrable systems with different genus numbers\n$g$ is studied experimentally using microwave cavities. For higher energies the\ndistribution of the eigenvalue velocities is Gaussian, as it is expected for\nchaotic systems with time-reversal symmetry, and shows no dependence on $g$.\nAlso the curvature distribution $P(k)$ for large $k$ is decaying as it is\nexpected for chaotic systems, i.e. $P(k) \\sim |k|^{-3}$. For small $k$ an\nintermediate behavior is found, where $P(k)$ changes from integrable towards\nchaotic behavior with growing $g$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Field Model for Dynamics of Sweeping Interface: Motivated by the drying pattern experiment by Yamazaki and Mizuguchi[J. Phys.\nSoc. Jpn. {\\bf 69} (2000) 2387], we propose the dynamics of sweeping interface,\nin which material distributed over a region is swept by a moving interface. A\nmodel based on a phase field is constructed and results of numerical\nsimulations are presented for one and two dimensions. Relevance of the present\nmodel to the drying experiment is discussed.",
        "positive": "Optimized annealing of traveling salesman problem from the\n  nth-nearest-neighbor distribution: We report a new statistical general property in traveling salesman problem,\nthat the $n$th-nearest-neighbor distribution of optimal tours verifies with\nvery high accuracy an exponential decay as a function of the order of neighbor\n$n$. With defining the energy function as the deviation $\\lambda$ from this\nexponential decay, which is different to the tour length $d$ in normal\nannealing processes, we propose a distinct highly optimized annealing scheme\nwhich is performed in $\\lambda$-space and $d$-space by turns. The simulation\nresults of some standard traveling salesman problems in TSPLIB95 are presented.\nIt is shown that our annealing recipe is superior to the canonical simulated\nannealing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarsening dynamics in condensing zero-range processes and size-biased\n  birth death chains: Zero-range processes with decreasing jump rates are well known to exhibit a\ncondensation transition under certain conditions on the jump rates, and the\ndynamics of this transition continues to be a subject of current research\ninterest. Starting from homogeneous initial conditions, the time evolution of\nthe condensed phase exhibits an interesting coarsening phenomenon of mass\ntransport between cluster sites characterized by a power law. We revisit the\napproach in [C. Godreche, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 36(23) 6313 (2003)] to derive\neffective single site dynamics which form a non-linear birth death chain\ndescribing the coarsening behaviour. We extend these results to a larger class\nof parameter values, and introduce a size-biased version of the single site\nprocess, which provides an effective tool to analyze the dynamics of the\ncondensed phase without finite size effects and is the main novelty of this\npaper. Our results are based on a few heuristic assumptions and exact\ncomputations, and are corroborated by detailed simulation data.",
        "positive": "Unravelling intermittent features in single particle trajectories by a\n  local convex hull method: We propose a new model-free method to detect change points between distinct\nphases in a single random trajectory of an intermittent stochastic process. The\nlocal convex hull (LCH) is constructed for each trajectory point, while its\ngeometric properties (e.g., the diameter or the volume) are used as\ndiscriminators between phases. The efficiency of the LCH method is validated\nfor six models of intermittent motion, including Brownian motion with different\ndiffusivities or drifts, fractional Brownian motion with different Hurst\nexponents, and surface-mediated diffusion. We discuss potential applications of\nthe method for detection of active and passive phases in the intracellular\ntransport, temporal trapping or binding of diffusing molecules, alternating\nbulk and surface diffusion, run and tumble (or search) phases in the motion of\nbacteria and foraging animals, and instantaneous firing rates in neurons."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiparameter universality and conformal field theory for anisotropic\n  confined systems: test by Monte Carlo simulations: Analytic predictions have been derived recently by V. Dohm and S. Wessel,\nPhys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 126}, 060601 (2021) from anisotropic $\\varphi^4$ theory\nand conformal field theory for the amplitude ${\\cal F}_c$ of the critical free\nenergy of finite anisotropic systems in the two-dimensional Ising universality\nclass. These predictions employ the hypothesis of multiparameter universality.\nWe test these predictions by means of high-precision Monte Carlo (MC)\nsimulations for ${\\cal F}_c$ of the Ising model on a square lattice with\nisotropic ferromagnetic couplings between nearest neighbors and with an\nanisotropic coupling between next-nearest neighbors along one diagonal. We find\nremarkable agreement between the MC data and the analytical prediction. This\nagreement supports the validity of multiparameter universality and invalidates\ntwo-scale-factor universality as ${\\cal F}_c$ is found to exhibit a\nnonuniversal dependence on the microscopic couplings of the scalar $\\varphi^4$\nmodel and the Ising model. Our results are compared with the exact result for\n${\\cal F}_c$ in the three-dimensional $\\varphi^4$ model with a planar\nanisotropy in the spherical limit. The critical Casimir amplitude is briefly\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "A simple phenomenologic model for particle transport in space-periodic\n  potentials in underdamped systems: We consider the motion of an underdamped Brownian particle in a tilted\nperiodic potential in a wide temperature range. Based on the previous data [1]\nand the new simulation results we show that the underdamped motion of particles\nin space-periodic potentials can be considered as the overdamped motion in the\nvelocity space in the effective double-well potential. Simple analytic\nexpressions for the particle mobility and diffusion coefficient have been\nderived with the use of the presented model. The results of analytical\ncomputations match well with numerical simulation data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Brownian motion under rapid periodic forcing: We study the steady state behaviour of a confined quantum Brownian particle\nsubjected to a space-dependent, rapidly oscillating time-periodic force. To\nleading order in the period of driving, the result of the oscillating force is\nan effective static potential which has a quantum dissipative contribution,\n$V_{QD}$, which adds on to the classical result. This is shown using a coherent\nstate representation of bath oscillators. $V_{QD}$ is evaluated exactly in the\ncase of an Ohmic dissipation bath. It is strongest for intermediate values of\nthe damping, where it can have pronounced effects.",
        "positive": "Transfer matrix computation of generalised critical polynomials in\n  percolation: Percolation thresholds have recently been studied by means of a graph\npolynomial $P_B(p)$, henceforth referred to as the critical polynomial, that\nmay be defined on any periodic lattice. The polynomial depends on a finite\nsubgraph $B$, called the basis, and the way in which the basis is tiled to form\nthe lattice. The unique root of $P_B(p)$ in $[0,1]$ either gives the exact\npercolation threshold for the lattice, or provides an approximation that\nbecomes more accurate with appropriately increasing size of $B$. Initially\n$P_B(p)$ was defined by a contraction-deletion identity, similar to that\nsatisfied by the Tutte polynomial. Here, we give an alternative probabilistic\ndefinition of $P_B(p)$, which allows for much more efficient computations, by\nusing the transfer matrix, than was previously possible with\ncontraction-deletion. We present bond percolation polynomials for the\n$(4,8^2)$, kagome, and $(3,12^2)$ lattices for bases of up to respectively 96,\n162, and 243 edges, much larger than the previous limit of 36 edges using\ncontraction-deletion. We discuss in detail the role of the symmetries and the\nembedding of $B$. For the largest bases, we obtain the thresholds $p_c(4,8^2) =\n0.676 803 329 ...$, $p_c(\\mathrm{kagome}) = 0.524 404 998 ...$, $p_c(3,12^2) =\n0.740 420 798 ...$, comparable to the best simulation results. We also show\nthat the alternative definition of $P_B(p)$ can be applied to study site\npercolation problems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical Representation of a Quantum System at Equilibrium: A quantum system at equilibrium is represented by a corresponding classical\nsystem, chosen to reproduce the thermodynamic and structural properties. The\nobjective is to develop a means for exploiting strong coupling classical\nmethods (e.g., MD, integral equations, DFT) to describe quantum systems. The\nclassical system has an effective temperature, local chemical potential, and\npair interaction that are defined by requiring equivalence of the grand\npotential and its functional derivatives with respect to the external and pair\npotentials for the classical and quantum systems. Practical inversion of this\nmapping for the classical properties is effected via the hypernetted chain\napproximation, leading to representations as functionals of the quantum pair\ncorrelation function. As an illustration, the parameters of the classical\nsystem are determined approximately such that ideal gas and weak coupling RPA\nlimits are preserved.",
        "positive": "Criterion for phase separation in one-dimensional driven systems: A general criterion for the existence of phase separation in driven\none-dimensional systems is proposed. It is suggested that phase separation is\nrelated to the size dependence of the steady-state currents of domains in the\nsystem. A quantitative criterion for the existence of phase separation is\nconjectured using a correspondence made between driven diffusive models and\nzero-range processes. Several driven diffusive models are discussed in light of\nthe conjecture."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Measurement of angular momentum transport in turbulent flow between\n  independently rotating cylinders: We present measurements of the angular momentum flux (torque) in\nTaylor-Couette flow of water between independently rotating cylinders for all\nregions of the $\\(\\Omega_1, \\Omega_2\\)$ parameter space at high Reynolds\nnumbers, where $\\Omega_1$ $\\(\\Omega_2\\)$ is the inner (outer) cylinder angular\nvelocity. We find that the Rossby number $Ro = \\(\\Omega_1 -\n\\Omega_2\\)/\\Omega_2$ fully determines the state and torque $G$ as compared to\n$G(Ro = \\infty) \\equiv \\Gi$. The ratio $G/\\Gi$ is a linear function of\n$Ro^{-1}$ in four sections of the parameter space. For flows with\nradially-increasing angular momentum, our measured torques greatly exceed those\nof previous experiments [Ji \\textit{et al.}, Nature, \\textbf{444}, 343 (2006)],\nbut agree with the analysis of Richard and Zahn [Astron. Astrophys.,\n\\textbf{347}, 734 (1999)].",
        "positive": "A faster direct sampling algorithm for equilateral closed polygons: We present a faster direct sampling algorithm for random equilateral closed\npolygons in three-dimensional space. This method improves on the moment\npolytope sampling algorithm of Cantarella, Duplantier, Shonkwiler, and Uehara\nand has (expected) time per sample quadratic in the number of edges in the\npolygon."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation times of unstable states in systems with long range\n  interactions: We consider several models with long-range interactions evolving via\nHamiltonian dynamics. The microcanonical dynamics of the basic Hamiltonian Mean\nField (HMF) model and perturbed HMF models with either global anisotropy or an\non-site potential are studied both analytically and numerically. We find that\nin the magnetic phase, the initial zero magnetization state remains stable\nabove a critical energy and is unstable below it. In the dynamically stable\nstate, these models exhibit relaxation time scales that increase algebraically\nwith the number $N$ of particles, indicating the robustness of the\nquasistationary state seen in previous studies. In the unstable state, the\ncorresponding time scale increases logarithmically in $N$.",
        "positive": "Corrections to finite--size scaling in the phi^4 model on square\n  lattices: Corrections to scaling in the two-dimensional scalar phi^4 model are studied\nbased on non-perturbative analytical arguments and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation\ndata for different lattice sizes L (from 4 to 1536) and different values of the\nphi^4 coupling constant lambda, i.~e., lambda = 0.1, 1, 10. According to our\nanalysis, amplitudes of the nontrivial correction terms with the\ncorrection-to-scaling exponents omega_l < 1 become small when approaching the\nIsing limit (lambda --> infinity), but such corrections generally exist in the\n2D phi^4 model. Analytical arguments show the existence of corrections with the\nexponent 3/4. The numerical analysis suggests that there exist also corrections\nwith the exponent 1/2 and, very likely, also corrections with the exponent\nabout 1/4, which are detectable at lambda = 0.1. The numerical tests clearly\nshow that the structure of corrections to scaling in the 2D phi^4 model differs\nfrom the usually expected one in the 2D Ising model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sampling the two-dimensional density of states g(E,M) of a giant\n  magnetic molecule using the Wang-Landau method: The Wang-Landau method is used to study the magnetic properties of the giant\nparamagnetic molecule Mo_72Fe_30 in which 30 Fe3+ ions are coupled via\nantiferromagnetic exchange. The two-dimensional density of states g(E,M) in\nenergy and magnetization space is calculated using a self-adaptive version of\nthe Wang-Landau method. From g(E,M) the magnetization and magnetic\nsusceptibility can be calculated for any temperature and external field.",
        "positive": "Continuous-time random walk theory of superslow diffusion: Superslow diffusion, i.e., the long-time diffusion of particles whose\nmean-square displacement (variance) grows slower than any power of time, is\nstudied in the framework of the decoupled continuous-time random walk model. We\nshow that this behavior of the variance occurs when the complementary\ncumulative distribution function of waiting times is asymptotically described\nby a slowly varying function. In this case, we derive a general representation\nof the laws of superslow diffusion for both biased and unbiased versions of the\nmodel and, to illustrate the obtained results, consider two particular classes\nof waiting-time distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adiabatic dynamics of a quantum critical system coupled to an\n  environment: Scaling and kinetic equation approaches: We study the dynamics of open quantum many-body systems driven across a\ncritical point by quenching an Hamiltonian parameter at a certain velocity.\nGeneral scaling laws are derived for the density of excitations and energy\nproduced during the quench as a function of quench velocity and bath\ntemperature. The scaling laws and their regimes of validity are verified for\nthe XY spin chain locally coupled to bosonic baths. A detailed derivation and\nanalysis of the kinetic equation of the problem is presented.",
        "positive": "Reliability and operation cost of underdamped memories during cyclic\n  erasures: The reliability of fast repeated erasures is studied experimentally and\ntheoretically in a 1-bit underdamped memory. The bit is encoded by the position\nof a micro-mechanical oscillator whose motion is confined in a double well\npotential. To contain the energetic cost of fast erasures, we use a resonator\nwith high quality factor $Q$: the erasure work $W$ is close to Landauer's\nbound, even at high speed. The drawback is the rise of the system's temperature\n$T$ due to a weak coupling to the environment. Repeated erasures without\nletting the memory thermalize between operations result in a continuous\nwarming, potentially leading to a thermal noise overcoming the barrier between\nthe potential wells. In such case, the reset operation can fail to reach the\ntargeted logical state. The reliability is characterized by the success rate\n$R^s_i$ after $i$ successive operations. $W$, $T$ and $R^s_i$ are studied\nexperimentally as a function of the erasure speed. Above a velocity threshold,\n$T$ soars while $R^s_i$ collapses: the reliability of too fast erasures is low.\nThese experimental results are fully justified by two complementary models. We\ndemonstrate that $Q\\simeq 10$ is optimal to contain energetic costs and\nmaintain high reliability standards for repeated erasures at any speed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of on- and off-ramps in cellular automata models for traffic flow: We present results on the modeling of on- and off-ramps in cellular automata\nfor traffic flow, especially the Nagel-Schreckenberg model. We study two\ndifferent types of on-ramps that cause qualitatively the same effects. In a\ncertain density regime one observes plateau formation in the fundamental\ndiagram. The plateau value depends on the input-rate of cars at the on-ramp.\nThe on-ramp acts as a local perturbation that separates the system into two\nregimes: A regime of free flow and another one where only jammed states exist.\nThis phase separation is the reason for the plateau formation and implies a\nbehaviour analogous to that of stationary defects. This analogy allows to\nperform very fast simulations of complex traffic networks with a large number\nof on- and off-ramps because one can parametrise on-ramps in an exceedingly\neasy way.",
        "positive": "Random Walks on Lattices. Influence of Competing Reaction Centers on\n  Diffusion-Controlled Processes: We study diffusion-reaction processes on periodic square planar lattices and\nsimple cubic (sc) lattices. Considered first is a single diffusing reactant\nundergoing an irreversible reaction upon first encounter with a stationary\nco-reactant [\"one-walker (1W) problem\"]. We then generalize this scenario to\nallow for a competing reaction, i.e., instantaneous trapping of the diffusing\nreactant with probability $s$ at any vacant site before interacting with a\n(stationary) co-reactant at a target site. We determine the mean walklength of\nthe diffusing reactant until irreversible reaction occurs. We use generating\nfunctions and the theory of finite Markov processes, as well as MC simulations.\nTo investigate the dependence of walklength on lattice size we compute the\nfirst, finite size corrections to the Green function of the sc lattice, and\nprovide a Pad\\'e approximation for this quantity. Finally, we consider the case\nwhere both reactant and co-reactant undergo synchronous nearest-neighbor\ndisplacements [\"two-walker (2W) problem\"]. In this case, reactant and\nco-reactant can individually be trapped with probability $s$ at any vacant\nlattice site, or can undergo an irreversible reaction on first encounter at any\nsite. When $s=0$ we find that, both for the 1W and the 2W problem, for lattices\nwith (approximately) the same number of sites, the mean walklength is smaller\n(and hence the reaction efficiency greater) in $d=3$ than in $d=2$. Increasing\n$s$ tends to reduce differences in system dimensionality, and distinctions\nbetween the 1W problem and the 2W problem. Our model provides a good starting\npoint to develop studies on the efficiency of apparently diverse\ndiffusion-reaction processes, such as diffusion on a partially poisoned\ncatalytic substrate or photosynthetic trapping of excitations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A FDR-preserving field theory of glass transition in terms of the\n  fluctuating hydrodynamics: A field theoretical method for the fluctuating hydrodynamics with preserving\nfluctuation-dissipation relations (FDR) is reformulated. It is shown that the\nlong time behavior within the first-loop order perturbation under the\nassumption that the correlations include the momentum decay fast enough, is\nequivalent to that for the standard mode-coupling theory.",
        "positive": "Tunnel magnetoresistance due to Coulomb blockade effects in quasi-one\n  dimensional polymer nanofibers: We report on the low temperature tunnel magnetoresistance (MR) in quasi\none-dimensional (1D) nanofibers made of conjugated polymers. The MR voltage\nbias dependence reveals an enhancement (at low biases) and the oscillatory\nbehavior at temperatures below 10 K. The low temperature isotropic MR behavior\nhas been attributed to the charging effects in the polymer nanofiber which\nconsidered as an array of small conducting regions separated by nano barriers.\nThese effects at low temperatures lead to the single electron tunneling\nrepresented by the Coulomb blockade regime as well as to an enhancement and\noscillation of the tunnel MR."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large Fluctuations of the Macroscopic Current in Diffusive Systems: A\n  Confirmation of the Additivity Principle: Most systems, when pushed out of equilibrium, respond by building up currents\nof locally-conserved observables. Understanding how microscopic dynamics\ndetermines the averages and fluctuations of these currents is one of the main\nopen problems in nonequilibrium statistical physics. The additivity principle\nis a theoretical proposal that allows to compute the current distribution in\nmany one-dimensional nonequilibrium systems. Using simulations, we confirm this\nconjecture in a simple and general model of energy transport, both in the\npresence of a temperature gradient and in canonical equilibrium. In particular,\nwe show that the current distribution displays a Gaussian regime for small\ncurrent fluctuations, as prescribed by the central limit theorem, and\nnon-Gaussian (exponential) tails for large current deviations, obeying in all\ncases the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem. In order to facilitate a given\ncurrent fluctuation, the system adopts a well-defined temperature profile\ndifferent from that of the steady state, and in accordance with the additivity\nhypothesis predictions. System statistics during a large current fluctuation is\nindependent of the sign of the current, which implies that the optimal profile\n(as well as higher-order profiles and spatial correlations) are invariant upon\ncurrenst inversion. We also demonstrate that finite-time joint fluctuations of\nthe current and the profile are well described by the additivity functional.\nThese results confirm the additivity hypothesis as a general and powerful tool\nto compute current distributions in many nonequilibrium systems.",
        "positive": "Possibility of a Topological Phase Transition in Two-dimensional $RP^3$\n  Model: We study by large-scale Monte Carlo simulation the $RP^3$ model, which can be\nregarded as an effective low-energy model of a triangular lattice Heisenberg\nantiferromagnet. $Z_2$ vortices appear as elementary excitations in the\ntriangular lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet. Such $Z_2$ vortices are\nubiquitous in other frustrated Heisenberg spin systems that have noncollinear\nlong-range orders. In this study, we investigate a possible topological phase\ntransition driven by the binding--unbinding of $Z_2$ vortices. By extracting\nimportant degrees of freedom, we map a frustrated spin system to an effective\n$RP^3$ model. From large-scale Monte Carlo simulation, we obtain an order\nparameter and a correlation length of up to $L=16384$. Concerning the existence\nof a $Z_2$-vortex transition, by extrapolating the order parameter to the\nthermodynamics limit assuming the $Z_2$-vortex transition, we obtain a finite\ntransition temperature as $T_v/\\tilde{J} \\simeq 0.25$. Our estimate of the\ncorrelation length at $T_v$ is much larger than $L=16384$, which is beyond the\nprevious estimate obtained with the triangular lattice Heisenberg model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics and structure of simple liquids in the hyperbolic plane: We provide a consistent statistical-mechanical treatment for describing the\nthermodynamics and the structure of fluids embedded in the hyperbolic plane. In\nparticular, we derive a generalization of the virial equation relating the bulk\nthermodynamic pressure to the pair correlation function and we develop the\nappropriate setting for extending the integral-equation approach of\nliquid-state theory in order to describe the fluid structure. We apply the\nformalism and study the influence of negative space curvature on two types of\nsystems that have been recently considered: Coulombic systems, such as the one-\nand two-component plasma models, and fluids interacting through short-range\npair potentials, such as the hard-disk and the Lennard-Jones models.",
        "positive": "Time evolution of entanglement negativity across a defect: We consider a quench in a free-fermion chain by joining two homogeneous\nhalf-chains via a defect. The time evolution of the entanglement negativity is\nstudied between adjacent segments surrounding the defect. In case of equal\ninitial fillings, the negativity grows logarithmically in time and essentially\nequals one-half of the R\\'enyi mutual information with index $\\alpha = 1/2$ in\nthe limit of large segments. In sharp contrast, in the biased case one finds a\nlinear increase followed by the saturation at an extensive value for both\nquantities, which is due to the backscattering from the defect and can be\nreproduced in a quasiparticle picture. Furthermore, a closer inspection of the\nsubleading corrections reveals that the negativity and the mutual information\nhave a small but finite difference in the steady state. Finally, we also study\na similar quench in the XXZ spin chain via density-matrix renormalization group\nmethods and compare the results for the negativity to the fermionic case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Charge renormalization and other exact coupling corrections in the\n  dipolar effective interaction in an electrolyte near a dielectric wall: The aim of the paper is to study the renormalizations of the charge and of\nthe screening length that appear in the large-distance behavior of the\neffective pairwise interaction between two charges in a dilute electrolyte\nsolution, both along a dielectric wall and in the bulk. The electrolyte is\ndescribed by the primitive model in the framework of classical statistical\nmechanics and the electrostatic response of the wall is characterized by its\ndielectric constant.",
        "positive": "An exact solution of the inelastic Boltzmann equation for the Couette\n  flow with uniform heat flux: In the steady Couette flow of a granular gas the sign of the heat flux\ngradient is governed by the competition between viscous heating and inelastic\ncooling. We show from the Boltzmann equation for inelastic Maxwell particles\nthat a special class of states exists where the viscous heating and the\ninelastic cooling exactly compensate each other at every point, resulting in a\nuniform heat flux. In this state the (reduced) shear rate is enslaved to the\ncoefficient of restitution $\\alpha$, so that the only free parameter is the\n(reduced) thermal gradient $\\epsilon$. It turns out that the reduced moments of\norder $k$ are polynomials of degree $k-2$ in $\\epsilon$, with coefficients that\nare nonlinear functions of $\\alpha$. In particular, the rheological properties\n($k=2$) are independent of $\\epsilon$ and coincide exactly with those of the\nsimple shear flow. The heat flux ($k=3$) is linear in the thermal gradient\n(generalized Fourier's law), but with an effective thermal conductivity\ndiffering from the Navier--Stokes one. In addition, a heat flux component\nparallel to the flow velocity and normal to the thermal gradient exists. The\ntheoretical predictions are validated by comparison with direct Monte Carlo\nsimulations for the same model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Impact of field heterogeneity on the dynamics of the forced Kuramoto\n  model: We studied the impact of field heterogeneity on entrainment in a system of\nuniformly interacting phase oscillators. Field heterogeneity is shown to induce\ndynamical heterogeneity in the system. In effect, the heterogeneous field\npartitions the system into interacting groups of oscillators that feel the same\nlocal field strength and phase. Based on numerical and analytical analysis of\nthe explicit dynamical equations derived from the periodically forced Kuramoto\nmodel, we found that the heterogeneous field can disrupt entrainment at\ndifferent field frequencies when compared to the homogeneous field. This\ntransition occurs when the phase- and frequency-locked synchronization between\ngroups of oscillators is broken at a critical field frequency, causing each\ngroup to enter a new dynamical state (disrupted state). Strikingly, it is shown\nthat disrupted dynamics can differ between groups.",
        "positive": "Heterogeneous pair-approximation for the contact process on complex\n  networks: Recent works have shown that the contact process running on the top of highly\nheterogeneous random networks is described by the heterogeneous mean-field\ntheory. However, some important aspects as the transition point and strong\ncorrections to the finite-size scaling observed in simulations are not\nquantitatively reproduced in this theory. We develop a heterogeneous pair\napproximation, the simplest mean-field approach that takes into account\ndynamical correlations, for the contact process. The transition points obtained\nin this theory are in very good agreement with simulations. The proximity with\na simple homogeneous pair-approximation is elicited showing that the transition\npoint in successive homogeneous cluster approximations moves away from the\nsimulation results. We show that the critical exponents of the heterogeneous\npair-approximation in the infinite-size limit are the same as those of the\none-vertex theory. However, excellent matches with simulations, for a wide\nrange of network sizes, is obtained when sub-leading finite-size corrections\ngiven by the new theory are explicitly taken into account. The present approach\ncan be suited to dynamical processes on networks in general providing a\nprofitable strategy to analytically assess fine-tuning theoretical corrections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The longitudinal dynamic correlation and dynamic susceptibility of the\n  isotropic XY-model on the 1d alternating superlattice: The dynamic susceptibility $\\chi_{Q}^{zz}(\\omega)$ of the isotropic XY-model\n(s=1/2) on the alternating superlattice (closed chain) in a transverse field\n$h$ is obtained exactly at arbitrary temperatures. It is determined from the\nresults obtained for the dynamic correlations $<S_{jn}^{z}(t)S_{lm}^{z}(0)>$,\nwhich have been calculated by introducing the generalized Jordan-Wigner\ntransformation, by using Wick's theorem and by reducing the problem to a\ndiagonalization of a finite matrix. The static properties are also reobtained\nwithin this new formalism and all exact results are determined for arbitrary\ntemperatures. Explicit results are obtained numerically in the limit T=0, where\nthe critical behaviour occurs. A detailed analysis is presented for the\nbehaviour of the static susceptibility $\\chi_{Q}^{zz}(0)$, as a function of the\ntransverse field h, and for the frequency dependency of the dynamic\nsusceptibility $\\chi_{Q}^{zz}(\\omega)$. It is also shown, in this temperature\nlimit, that within the magnetization plateaus which correspond to the different\nphases, even when the induced magnetization is not saturated, the effective\ndynamic correlation, $<\\sum\\limits_{n;m\\in\ncell:\\text{}j;l}S_{jn}^{z}(t)S_{lm}^{z}(0)>$, is time independent, which\nconstitutes an unexpected result.",
        "positive": "Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy is sufficient but not necessary for the\n  likelihood factorization required by Einstein: In 1910 Einstein published a crucial aspect of his understanding of Boltzmann\nentropy. He essentially argued that the likelihood function of any system\ncomposed by two probabilistically independent subsystems {\\it ought} to be\nfactorizable into the likelihood functions of each of the subsystems.\nConsistently he was satisfied by the fact that Boltzmann (additive) entropy\nfulfills this epistemologically fundamental requirement. We show here that\nentropies (e.g., the $q$-entropy on which nonextensive statistical mechanics is\nbased) which generalize the BG one through violation of its well known\nadditivity can {\\it also} fulfill the same requirement. This fact sheds light\non the very foundations of the connection between the micro- and macro-scopic\nworlds."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Encounter-based model of a run-and-tumble particle: In this paper we extend the encounter-based model of diffusion-mediated\nsurface absorption to the case of an unbiased run-and-tumble particle (RTP)\nconfined to a finite interval $[0,L]$ and switching between two constant\nvelocity states $\\pm v$ at a rate $\\alpha$. The encounter-based formalism is\nmotivated by the observation that various surface-based reactions are better\nmodeled in terms of a reactivity that is a function of the amount of time that\na particle spends in a neighborhood of an absorbing surface, which is specified\nby a functional known as the boundary local time. The effects of surface\nreactions are taken into account by identifying the first passage time (FPT)\nfor absorption with the event that the local time crosses some random threshold\n$\\widehat{\\ell}$. In the case of a Brownian particle, the local time $\\ell(t)$\nis a continuous non-decreasing function of the time $t$. Taking\n$\\Psi(\\ell)\\equiv \\P[\\widehat{\\ell}>\\ell]$ to be an exponential distribution,\n$\\Psi[\\ell]=\\e^{-\\kappa_0\\ell}$, is equivalent to imposing a Robin boundary\ncondition with a constant rate of absorption $\\kappa_0$. One major difference\nin the encounter-based model of an RTP is that the boundary local time\n$\\ell(t)$ is a now a discrete random variable that counts the number of\ncollisions of the RTP with the boundary. Given this modification, we show that\nin the case of a geometric distribution $\\Psi(\\ell)=z^{\\ell}$,\n$z=1/(1+\\kappa_0/v)$, we recover the RTP analog of the Robin boundary\ncondition. This allows us to solve the boundary value problem (BVP) for the\njoint probability density for particle position and the local time, and thus\nincorporate more general models of absorption based on non-geometric\ndistributions $\\Psi(\\ell)$.",
        "positive": "Exit probability and first passage time of a lazy Pearson walker:\n  Scaling behaviour: The motion of a lazy Pearson walker is studied with different probability\n($p$) of jump in two and three dimensions. The probability of exit ($P_e$) from\na zone of radius $r_e$, is studied as a function of $r_e$ with different values\nof jump probability $p$. The exit probability $P_e$ is found to scale as\n${P_e}p^{\\alpha}=F({r_e}p^{\\beta})$, which is obtained by method of data\ncollapse. The first passage time ($t_1$) i.e., the time required for first exit\nfrom a zone is studied. The probability distribution ($P(t_1)$) of first\npassage time was studied for different values of jump probability ($p$). The\nprobability distribution of first passage time was found to scale as\n${P(t_1)}p^{\\gamma} = G({t_1}p^{\\delta})$. Where, $F$ and $G$ are two scaling\nfunctions and $\\alpha$, $\\beta$, $\\gamma$ and $\\delta$ are some exponents. In\nboth the dimensions, it is found that, $\\alpha = 0$, $\\beta=-1/2$, $\\gamma=-1$\nand $\\delta=1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy Band and Thermodynamics: The behavior of various thermodynamic functions in the dependence of degree\nof energy band occupation and temperature in the one-band tight binding\napproximation for the crystal was studied. The Fermi energy, density of states,\ndegeneracy temperature, chemical potential, partition function, thermodynamic\npo-tential, energy, free energy, entropy, heat capacity, spin magnetization and\ninitial susceptibility were calculated. The limited energetic spectrum leads to\nthe peculiarities in the behavior of these quantities in comparison with free\nelectron gas.",
        "positive": "Many Body Density of States of a system of non interacting spinless\n  fermions: The modeling of out-of-equilibrium many-body systems requires to go beyond\nthe low-energy physics and local densities of states. Many-body localization,\npresence or lack of thermalization and quantum chaos are examples of phenomena\nin which states at different energy scales, including the highly excited ones,\ncontribute to the dynamics and therefore affect the system's properties.\nQuantifying these contributions requires the many-body density of states\n(MBDoS), a function whose calculation becomes challenging even for\nnon-interacting identical quantum particles due to the difficulty in\nenumerating states while enforcing the exchange symmetry. In the present work,\nwe introduce a new approach to evaluate the MBDoS in the case of systems that\ncan be mapped into free fermions. The starting point of our method is the\nprincipal component analysis of the filling matrix $F$ describing how $N$\nfermions can be configured into $L$ single-particle energy levels. We show that\nthe many body spectrum can be expanded as a weighted sum of spectra given by\nthe principal components of the filling matrix. The weighting coefficients only\ninvolve renormalized energies obtained from the single body spectrum. We\nillustrate our method in two classes of problems that are mapped into spinless\nfermions: (i) non-interacting electrons in a homogeneous tight-binding model in\n1D and 2D, and (ii) interacting spins in a chain under a transverse field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonadditive Entropies Yield Probability Distributions with Biases not\n  Warranted by the Data: Different quantities that go by the name of entropy are used in variational\nprinciples to infer probability distributions from limited data. Shore and\nJohnson showed that maximizing the Boltzmann- Gibbs form of the entropy ensures\nthat probability distributions inferred satisfy the multiplication rule of\nprobability for independent events in the absence of data coupling such events.\nOther types of entropies that violate the Shore and Johnson axioms, including\nnonadditive entropies such as the Tsallis entropy, violate this basic\nconsistency requirement. Here we use the axiomatic framework of Shore and\nJohnson to show how such nonadditive entropy functions generate biases in\nprobability distributions that are not warranted by the underlying data.",
        "positive": "Nonlinearity accelerates the thermalization of the quartic FPUT model\n  with stochastic baths: We investigate the equilibration process of the strongly coupled quartic\nFermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT) model by adding Langevin baths to the ends of\nthe chain. The time evolution of the system is investigated by means of\nextensive numerical simulations and shown to match the results expected from\nequilibrium statistical mechanics in the time-asymptotic limit. Upon increasing\nthe nonlinear coupling, the thermalization of the energy spectrum displays an\nincreasing asymmetry in favour of small-scale, high-frequency modes, which\nrelax significantly faster than the large-scale, low-frequency ones. The global\nequilibration time is found to scale linearly with system size and shown to\nexhibit a power-law decay with the strength of the nonlinearity and\ntemperature. Nonlinear interaction adds to energy distribution among modes,\nthus speeding up the thermalization process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partial breakdown of quantum thermalization in a Hubbard-like model: We study the possible breakdown of quantum thermalization in a model of\nitinerant electrons on a one-dimensional chain without disorder, with both spin\nand charge degrees of freedom. The eigenstates of this model exhibit peculiar\nproperties in the entanglement entropy, the apparent scaling of which is\nmodified from a \"volume law\" to an \"area law\" after performing a partial,\nsite-wise measurement on the system. These properties and others suggest that\nthis model realizes a new, non-thermal phase of matter, known as a quantum\ndisentangled liquid (QDL). The putative existence of this phase has striking\nimplications for the foundations of quantum statistical mechanics.",
        "positive": "Reworking the Zubarev's approach to non-equilibrium quantum statistical\n  mechanics: In this work the non-equilibrium density operator approach introduced by\nZubarev more than 50 years ago to describe quantum systems at local\nthermodynamic equilibrium is revisited. This method - which was used to obtain\nthe first ''Kubo\" formula of shear viscosity, is especially suitable to\ndescribe quantum effects in fluids. This feature makes it a viable tool to\ndescribe the physics of the Quark Gluon Plasma in relativistic nuclear\ncollisions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation-dissipation theorem for chiral systems in non-equilibrium\n  steady states: We consider a three-terminal system with a chiral edge channel connecting the\nsource and drain terminals. Charge can tunnel between the chiral edge and a\nthird terminal. The third terminal is maintained at a different temperature and\nvoltage than the source and drain. We prove a general relation for the current\nnoises detected in the drain and third terminal. It has the same structure as\nan equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relation with the nonlinear response in\nplace of the linear conductance. The result applies to a general chiral system\nand can be useful for detecting \"upstream\" modes on quantum Hall edges.",
        "positive": "Generic dynamical features of quenched interacting quantum systems:\n  Survival probability, density imbalance and out-of-time-ordered correlator: We study numerically and analytically the quench dynamics of isolated\nmany-body quantum systems. Using full random matrices from the Gaussian\northogonal ensemble, we obtain analytical expressions for the evolution of the\nsurvival probability, density imbalance, and out-of-time-ordered correlator.\nThey are compared with numerical results for a one-dimensional disordered model\nwith two-body interactions and shown to bound the decay rate of this realistic\nsystem. Power-law decays are seen at intermediate times and dips below the\ninfinite time averages (correlation holes) occur at long times for all three\nquantities when the system exhibits level repulsion. The fact that these\nfeatures are shared by both the random matrix and the realistic disordered\nmodel indicates that they are generic to nonintegrable interacting quantum\nsystems out of equilibrium. Assisted by the random matrix analytical results,\nwe propose expressions that describe extremely well the dynamics of the\nrealistic chaotic system at different time scales."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wave turbulence in self-gravitating Bose gases and nonlocal nonlinear\n  optics: We develop the theory of weak wave turbulence in systems described by the\nSchr\\\"odinger-Helmholtz equations in two and three dimensions. This model\ncontains as limits both the familiar cubic nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger equation,\nand the Schr\\\"odinger-Newton equations. The latter, in three dimensions, are a\nnonrelativistic model of fuzzy dark matter which has a nonlocal gravitational\nself-potential, and in two dimensions they describe nonlocal nonlinear optics\nin the paraxial approximation. We show that in the weakly nonlinear limit the\nSchr\\\"odinger-Helmholtz equations have a simultaneous inverse cascade of\nparticles and a forward cascade of energy. We interpret the inverse cascade as\na nonequilibrium condensation process, which is a precursor to structure\nformation at large scales (for example the formation of galactic dark matter\nhaloes or optical solitons). We show that for the Schr\\\"odinger-Newton\nequations in two and three dimensions, and in the two-dimensional nonlinear\nSchr\\\"odinger equation, the particle and energy fluxes are carried by small\ndeviations from thermodynamic distributions, rather than the\nKolmogorov-Zakharov cascades that are familiar in wave turbulence. We develop a\ndifferential approximation model to characterise such \"warm cascade\" states.",
        "positive": "The accuracy of roughness exponent measurement methods: We test methods for measuring and characterizing rough profiles with emphasis\non measurements of the self-affine roughness exponent, and describes a simple\ntest to separate between roughness exponents originating from long range\ncorrelations in the sign signs of the profile, and roughness exponents\noriginating from L{\\'e}vy distributions of jumps. Based on tests on profiles\nwith known roughness exponents we find that the power spectrum density analysis\nand the averaged wavelet coefficients method give the best estimates for\nroughness exponents in the range 0.1 to 0.9. The error-bars are found to be\nless than 0.03 for profile lengths larger than 256, and there are no systematic\nbias in the estimates. We present quantitative estimates of the error-bars and\nthe systematic error and their dependence on the value of the roughness\nexponent and the profile length. We also quantify how power-law noise can\nmodify the measured roughness exponent for measurement methods different from\nthe power spectrum density analysis and the second order correlation function\nmethod."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Core Precession and Global Modes in Granular Bulk Flow: A transition from local to global shear zones is reported for granular flows\nin a modified Couette cell. The experimental geometry is a slowly rotating drum\nwhich has a stationary disc of radius R_s fixed at its bottom. Granular\nmaterial, which fills this cell up to height H, forms a wide shear zone which\nemanates from the discontinuity at the stationary discs edge. For shallow\nlayers (H/R_s < 0.55), the shear zone reaches the free surface, with the core\nof the material resting on the disc and remaining stationary. In contrast, for\ndeep layers (H/R_s > 0.55), the shear zones meet below the surface and the core\nstarts to precess. A change in the symmetry of the surface velocities reveals\nthat this behavior is associated with a transition from a local to a global\nshear mode.",
        "positive": "Computation of ESR spectra from the time evolution of the magnetization:\n  comparison of autocorrelation and Wiener-Khinchin-relation based methods: The calculation of finite temperature ESR spectra for concrete specified\ncrystal configurations is a very important issue in the study of quantum spin\nsystems. Although direct evaluation of the Kubo formula by means of numerical\ndiagonalization yields exact results, memory and CPU-time restrictions limit\nthe applicability of this approach to small system sizes. Methods based on the\ntime evolution of a single pure quantum state can be used to study larger\nsystems. One such method exploits the property that the expectation value of\nthe autocorrelation function obtained for a few samples of so-called thermal\ntypical states yields a good estimate of the thermal equilibrium value. In this\npaper, we propose a new method based on a Wiener-Khinchin-like theorem for\nquantum system. By comparison with exact diagonalization results, it is shown\nthat both methods yield correct results. As the Wiener-Khinchin-based method\ninvolves sampling over thermal typical states, we study the statistical\nproperties of the sampling distribution. Effects due to finite observation time\nare investigated and found to be different for the two methods but it is also\nfound that for both methods, the effects vanish as the system size increases.\nWe present ESR spectra of the one-dimensional XXZ Heisenberg chain of up to 26\nspins show that double peak structure due to the anisotropy is a robust feature\nof these spectra."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to Comment on \" Universal Fluctuations in Correlated Systems\": Reply to the comment, cond-mat/0209398 by by N.W. Watkins, S.C. Chapman, and\nG. Rowlands",
        "positive": "Thermalization of entanglement: We explore the dynamics of the entanglement entropy near equilibrium in\nhighly-entangled pure states of two quantum-chaotic spin chains undergoing\nunitary time evolution. We examine the relaxation to equilibrium from initial\nstates with either less or more entanglement entropy than the equilibrium\nvalue, as well as the dynamics of the spontaneous fluctuations of the\nentanglement that occur in equilibrium. For the spin chain with a\ntime-independent Hamiltonian and thus an extensive conserved energy, we find\nslow relaxation of the entanglement entropy near equilibration. Such slow\nrelaxation is absent in a Floquet spin chain with a Hamiltonian that is\nperiodic in time and thus has no local conservation law. Therefore, we argue\nthat slow diffusive energy transport is responsible for the slow relaxation of\nthe entanglement entropy in the Hamiltonian system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Improved Quantum Hard-Sphere Ground-State Equations of State: The London ground-state energy formula as a function of number density for a\nsystem of identical boson hard spheres, corrected for the reduced mass of a\npair of particles in a sphere-of-influence picture, and generalized to fermion\nhard-sphere systems with two and four intrinsic degrees of freedom, has a\ndouble-pole at the ultimate \\textit{regular} (or periodic, e.g.,\nface-centered-cubic) close-packing density usually associated with a\ncrystalline branch. Improved fluid branches are contructed based upon exact,\nfield-theoretic perturbation-theory low-density expansions for many-boson and\nmany-fermion systems, appropriately extrapolated to intermediate densities, but\nwhose ultimate density is irregular or \\textit{random} closest close-packing as\nsuggested in studies of a classical system of hard spheres. Results show\nsubstantially improved agreement with the best available Green-function Monte\nCarlo and diffusion Monte Carlo simulations for bosons, as well as with ladder,\nvariational Fermi hypernetted chain, and so-called L-expansion data for\ntwo-component fermions.",
        "positive": "The correlation functions of the XX Heisenberg magnet and random walks\n  of vicious walkers: A relationship of the random walks on one-dimensional periodic lattice and\nthe correlation functions of the XX Heisenberg spin chain is investigated. The\noperator averages taken over the ferromagnetic state play a role of generating\nfunctions of the number of paths made by the so-called \"vicious\" random walkers\n(the vicious walkers annihilate each other provided they arrive at the same\nlattice site). It is shown that the two-point correlation function of spins,\ncalculated over eigen-states of the XX magnet, can be interpreted as the\ngenerating function of paths made by a single walker in a medium characterized\nby a non-constant number of vicious neighbors. The answers are obtained for a\nnumber of paths made by the described walker from some fixed lattice site to\nanother sufficiently remote one. Asymptotical estimates for the number of paths\nare provided in the limit, when the number of steps is increased."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glassy behavior of the site frustrated percolation model: The dynamical properties of the site frustrated percolation model are\ninvestigated and compared with those of glass forming liquids. When the density\nof the particles on the lattice becomes high enough, the dynamics of the model\nbecomes very slow, due to geometrical constraints, and rearrangement on large\nscales is needed to allow relaxation. The autocorrelation functions, the\nspecific volume for different cooling rates, and the mean square displacement\nare evaluated, and are found to exhibit glassy behavior.",
        "positive": "From chiral spin liquids to skyrmion fluids and crystals, and their\n  interplay with itinerant electrons: The physics of skyrmions, and in particular the issue of how to isolate and\nmanipulate them individually, is a subject of major importance nowadays in the\ncommunity of magnetism. In this article we present an in-depth extension of a\nstudy on this issue that was recently proposed by some of the authors [H. D.\nRosales, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. \\textbf{130}, 106703 (2023)]. More precisely,\nwe analyse the competition between skyrmions and a chiral spin liquid in a\nmodel on the kagome lattice. We first present an analytical overview of the\nlow-energy states using the Luttinger-Tisza approximation. We then study the\neffect of thermal fluctuations thanks to large-scale Monte-Carlo simulations,\nand explore the entire parameter space with a magnetic field $B$, in-plane\n$D^{xy}$ and out-of-plane $D^z$ Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. While\nskyrmions and the chiral spin liquid live in different regions of the parameter\nspace, we show how to bring them together, stabilizing a skyrmion fluid in\nbetween; a region where the density of well-defined skyrmions can be tuned\nbefore obtaining an ordered phase. We investigate in particular the melting of\nthe skyrmion solid. Our analysis also brings to light a long-range ordered\nphase with Z$_3$ symmetry. At last, we initiate the study of this rich magnetic\nbackground on conduction electrons that are coupled to the local spins. We\nstudy how the different chiral magnetic textures stabilized in this model\n(skyrmion solid, liquid and gas and chiral spin liquid) induce a topological\nQuantum Hall effect. We observe in the ordered skyrmion phase the appearance of\nLandau levels which persist even in the skyrmion-liquid regime and gradually\ndisappear as the skyrmion density decreases to form a gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground state fluctuations in finite Fermi and Bose systems: We consider a small and fixed number of fermions (bosons) in a trap. The\nground state of the system is defined at T=0. For a given excitation energy,\nthere are several ways of exciting the particles from this ground state. We\nformulate a method for calculating the number fluctuation in the ground state\nusing microcanonical counting, and implement it for small systems of\nnoninteracting fermions as well as bosons in harmonic confinement. This exact\ncalculation for fluctuation, when compared with canonical ensemble averaging,\ngives considerably different results, specially for fermions. This difference\nis expected to persist at low excitation even when the fermion number in the\ntrap is large.",
        "positive": "Theoretische Modellierung granularer Stroeme in duennen Roehren mit\n  Langevin-Gleichungen: This is the final version of the author's diploma thesis written at the\nHumboldt University of Berlin in 1995. The topic is the flow of granular\nmaterial in narrow vertical pipes, driven by the gravity, that is described by\nLangevin equations. Neglecting the interactions, we can solve the resulting\nFokker-Planck equation for the homogeneous case. The consideration of inelastic\ncollisions leads to a Boltzmann equation. Assuming local equilibrium, the\nhydrodynamic equations lead to the extension of the Langevin equation formalism\nfor the inhomogeneous case. For certain parameter ranges, our formalism can\nalso be used to describe traffic flows. We applied stability analyses to the\nhydrodynamic equations and found critical densities for the occurrence of\nparticle clustering. We used numerical simulations of the Langevin equations to\nverify our homogeneous solution as well as the critical densities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality of modulation length (and time) exponents: We study systems with a crossover parameter lambda, such as the temperature\nT, which has a threshold value lambda* across which the correlation function\nchanges from exhibiting fixed wavelength (or time period) modulations to\ncontinuously varying modulation lengths (or times). We report on a new\nexponent, nuL, characterizing the universal nature of this crossover. These\nexponents, similar to standard correlation length exponents, are obtained from\nmotion of the poles of the momentum (or frequency) space correlation functions\nin the complex k-plane (or omega-plane) as the parameter lambda is varied. Near\nthe crossover, the characteristic modulation wave-vector KR on the variable\nmodulation length \"phase\" is related to that on the fixed modulation length\nside, q via |KR-q|\\propto|T-T*|^{nuL}. We find, in general, that nuL=1/2. In\nsome special instances, nuL may attain other rational values. We extend this\nresult to general problems in which the eigenvalue of an operator or a pole\ncharacterizing general response functions may attain a constant real (or\nimaginary) part beyond a particular threshold value, lambda*. We discuss\nextensions of this result to multiple other arenas. These include the ANNNI\nmodel. By extending our considerations, we comment on relations pertaining not\nonly to the modulation lengths (or times) but also to the standard correlation\nlengths (or times). We introduce the notion of a Josephson timescale. We\ncomment on the presence of \"chaotic\" modulations in \"soft-spin\" and other\nsystems. These relate to glass type features. We discuss applications to Fermi\nsystems - with particular application to metal to band insulator transitions,\nchange of Fermi surface topology, divergent effective masses, Dirac systems,\nand topological insulators. Both regular periodic and glassy (and spatially\nchaotic behavior) may be found in strongly correlated electronic systems.",
        "positive": "Topological estimation of percolation thresholds: Global physical properties of random media change qualitatively at a\npercolation threshold, where isolated clusters merge to form one infinite\nconnected component. The precise knowledge of percolation thresholds is thus of\nparamount importance. For two dimensional lattice graphs, we use the universal\nscaling form of the cluster size distributions to derive a relation between the\nmean Euler characteristic of the critical percolation patterns and the\nthreshold density $p_c$. From this relation, we deduce a simple rule to\nestimate $p_c$, which is remarkably accurate. We present some evidence that\nsimilar relations might hold for continuum percolation and percolation in\nhigher dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of dynamical phase transitions in quantum systems with\n  symmetry-breaking eigenstates: We present a theory for the two kinds of dynamical quantum phase transitions,\ntermed DPT-I and DPT-II, based on a minimal set of symmetry assumptions. In the\nspecial case of collective systems with infinite-range interactions, both are\ntriggered by excited-state quantum phase transitions. For quenches below the\ncritical energy, the existence of an additional conserved charge, identifying\nthe corresponding phase, allows for a nonzero value of the dynamical order\nparameter characterizing DPTs-I, and precludes the main mechanism giving rise\nto nonanalyticities in the return probability, trademark of DPTs-II. We propose\na statistical ensemble describing the long-time averages of order parameters in\nDPTs-I, and provide a theoretical proof for the incompatibility of the main\nmechanism for DPTs-II with the presence of this additional conserved charge.\nOur results are numerically illustrated in the fully-connected transverse-field\nIsing model, which exhibits both kinds of dynamical phase transitions. Finally,\nwe discuss the applicability of our theory to systems with finite-range\ninteractions, where the phenomenology of excited-state quantum phase\ntransitions is absent. We illustrate our findings by means of numerical\ncalculations with experimentally relevant initial states.",
        "positive": "Finite-Time-Finite-Size Scaling of the Kuramoto Oscillators: Phase transition in its strict sense can only be observed in an infinite\nsystem, for which equilibration takes an infinitely long time at criticality.\nIn numerical simulations, we are often limited both by the finiteness of the\nsystem size and by the finiteness of the observation time scale. We propose\nthat one can overcome this barrier by measuring the nonequilibrium temporal\nrelaxation for finite systems and by applying the finite-time-finite-size\nscaling (FTFSS) which systematically uses two scaling variables, one temporal\nand the other spatial. The FTFSS method yields a smooth scaling surface, and\nthe conventional finite-size scaling curves can be viewed as proper cross\nsections of the surface. The validity of our FTFSS method is tested for the\nsynchronization transition of Kuramoto models in the globally-coupled structure\nand in the small-world network structure. Our FTFSS method is also applied to\nthe Monte-Carlo dynamics of the globally-coupled q-state clock model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glass glass transition and new dynamical singularity points in an\n  analytically solvable p-spin glass like model: We introduce and analytically study a generalized p-spin glass like model\nthat captures some of the main features of attractive glasses, recently found\nby Mode Coupling investigations, such as a glass/glass transition line and\ndynamical singularity points characterized by a logarithmic time dependence of\nthe relaxation. The model also displays features not predicted by the Mode\nCoupling scenario that could further describe the attractive glasses behavior,\nsuch as aging effects with new dynamical singularity points ruled by\nlogarithmic laws or the presence of a glass spinodal line.",
        "positive": "A possible classification of nonequilibrium steady states: We propose a general classification of nonequilibrium steady states in terms\nof their stationary probability distribution and the associated probability\ncurrents. The stationary probabilities can be represented graph-theoretically\nas directed labelled trees; closing a single loop in such a graph leads to a\nrepresentation of probability currents. This classification allows us to\nidentify all choices of transition rates, based on a master equation, which\ngenerate the same nonequilibrium steady state. We explore the implications of\nthis freedom, e.g., for entropy production."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Four-point interfacial correlation functions in two dimensions. Exact\n  results from field theory and numerical simulations: We derive exact analytic results for several four-point correlation functions\nfor statistical models exhibiting phase separation in two-dimensions. Our\ntheoretical results are then specialized to the Ising model on the\ntwo-dimensional strip and found to be in excellent agreement with\nhigh-precision Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of the exactly solvable spin-electron tetrahedral chain: An exactly solvable spin-electron tetrahedral chain, where the Ising spins\nlocalized at nodal lattice sites regularly alternate with three equivalent\nlattice sites available for one mobile electron is considered. The system with\nferromagnetic interaction between the Ising spins and electrons exhibits an\nenhanced magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in the limit $H/|J|\\to 0$ when the entropy\nis very small, whereas the system with antiferromagnetic interaction between\nthe Ising spins and electrons exhibits an enhanced MCE around the field $H/J=1$\nwhen the entropy is sufficiently close to the value $S/2N =\n\\ln[(1+\\sqrt{5})/2]$. We study the thermodynamics of the system in these field\nregions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal features of cell polarization processes: Cell polarization plays a central role in the development of complex\norganisms. It has been recently shown that cell polarization may follow from\nthe proximity to a phase separation instability in a bistable network of\nchemical reactions. An example which has been thoroughly studied is the\nformation of signaling domains during eukaryotic chemotaxis. In this case, the\nprocess of domain growth may be described by the use of a constrained\ntime-dependent Landau-Ginzburg equation, admitting scale-invariant solutions\n{\\textit{\\`a la}} Lifshitz and Slyozov. The constraint results here from a\nmechanism of fast cycling of molecules between a cytosolic, inactive state and\na membrane-bound, active state, which dynamically tunes the chemical potential\nfor membrane binding to a value corresponding to the coexistence of different\nphases on the cell membrane. We provide here a universal description of this\nprocess both in the presence and absence of a gradient in the external\nactivation field. Universal power laws are derived for the time needed for the\ncell to polarize in a chemotactic gradient, and for the value of the smallest\ndetectable gradient. We also describe a concrete realization of our scheme\nbased on the analysis of available biochemical and biophysical data.",
        "positive": "Short-range correlations in percolation at criticality: We derive the critical nearest-neighbor connectivity $g_n$ as $3/4$,\n$3(7-9p_c^{tri})/[4(5-4p_c^{tri})]$, and $3(2+7p_c^{tri})/[4(5-p_c^{tri})]$ for\nbond percolation on the square, honeycomb and triangular lattice respectively,\nwhere $p_c^{tri}=2\\sin(\\pi/18)$ is the percolation threshold for the triangular\nlattice; and confirm these values via Monte Carlo simulations. On the square\nlattice, we also numerically determine the critical next-nearest-neighbor\nconnectivity as $g_{nn}=0.687\\;500\\;0(2)$, which confirms a conjecture by Mitra\nand Nienhuis in J. Stat. Mech. P10006 (2004), implying the exact value\n$g_{nn}=11/16$. We also determine the connectivity on a free surface as\n$g_n^{surf}=0.625\\;000\\;1(13)$ and conjecture that this value is exactly equal\nto $5/8$. In addition, we find that at criticality, the connectivities depend\non the linear finite size L as $\\sim L^{y_t-d}$, and the associated\nspecific-heat-like quantities $C_n$ and $C_{nn}$ scale as $\\sim L^{2y_t-d} \\ln\n(L/L_0)$, where $d$ is the lattice dimensionality, $y_t=1/\\nu$ the thermal\nrenormalization exponent, and $L_0$ a non-universal constant. We provide an\nexplanation of this logarithmic factor in the theoretical framework reported\nrecently by Vasseur et al. in J. Stat. Mech. L07001 (2012)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Space-time domain velocity distributions in isotropic radiative transfer\n  in two dimensions: We compute the exact solutions of the radiative transfer equation in two\ndimensions for isotropic scattering. The intensity and the radiance are given\nin the space-time domain for isotropic and unidirectional sources. These\nanalytical results are compared to Monte-Carlo simulations in four particular\nsituations.",
        "positive": "Free surface instability in a confined suspension jet: A jet of non-Brownian particles confined in a thin cell and driven by\ngravitational force is studied both numerically and theoretically. We present a\ntheoretical scheme aimed to describe such a system in the Stokes regime. We\nfocus on the dynamics of the interface between the suspension and the pure\nfluid. Numerical simulations solving Newton's equations for all particles show\nthat the jet free surface becomes unstable: the fastest growing modes at small\nsizes coarsen up to the largest structures reaching the jet lateral scale. In\nthe bulk, structural waves develop and travel at slightly slower speed than the\njet average fall. An analytical model, based on hydrodynamic-like equations for\nthe suspension, is derived and predicts the development of the interfacial\ninstability. It captures in essence, the collective effects driving the\ninterface destabilization i.e. the long range hydrodynamic interactions coupled\nwith the abrupt interface, and no analogous to a surface tension is found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking at the Fluctuating Level: Phase transitions not allowed in equilibrium steady states may happen however\nat the fluctuating level. We observe for the first time this striking and\ngeneral phenomenon measuring current fluctuations in an isolated diffusive\nsystem. While small fluctuations result from the sum of weakly-correlated local\nevents, for currents above a critical threshold the system self-organizes into\na coherent traveling wave which facilitates the current deviation by gathering\nenergy in a localized packet, thus breaking translation invariance. This\nresults in Gaussian statistics for small fluctuations but non-Gaussian tails\nabove the critical current. Our observations, which agree with predictions\nderived from hydrodynamic fluctuation theory, strongly suggest that rare events\nare generically associated with coherent, self-organized patterns which enhance\ntheir probability.",
        "positive": "Polymer Translocation Through a Long Nanopore: Polymer translocation through a nanopore in a membrane investigated\ntheoretically. Recent experiments on voltage-driven DNA and RNA translocations\nthrough a nanopore indicate that the size and geometry of the pore are\nimportant factors in polymer dynamics. A theoretical approach is presented\nwhich explicitly takes into account the effect of the nanopore length and\ndiameter for polymer motion across the membrane. It is shown that the length of\nthe pore is crucial for polymer translocation dynamics. The present model\npredicts that for realistic conditions (long nanopores and large external\nfields) there are two regimes of translocation depending on polymer size: for\npolymer chains larger than the pore length, the velocity of translocation is\nnearly constant, while for polymer chains smaller than the pore length the\nvelocity increases with decreasing polymer size. These results agree with\nexperimental data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality of photon counting below a bifurcation threshold: At a bifurcation point, a small change of a parameter causes a qualitative\nchange in the system. Quantum fluctuations wash out this abrupt transition and\nenable the emission of quantized energy, which we term photons, below the\nclassical bifurcation threshold. Close to the bifurcation point, the resulting\nphoton counting statistics is determined by the instability. We propose a\ngeneric method to derive a characteristic function of photon counting close to\na bifurcation threshold that only depends on the dynamics and the type of\nbifurcation, based on the universality of the Martin-Siggia-Rose action. We\nprovide explicit expressions for the cusp catastrophe without conservation\nlaws. Moreover, we propose an experimental setup using driven Josephson\njunctions that exhibits both a fold and a pitchfork bifurcation behavior close\nto a cusp catastrophe.",
        "positive": "Quantum quenches and many-body localization in the thermodynamic limit: We use thermalization indicators and numerical linked cluster expansions to\nprobe the onset of many-body localization in a disordered one-dimensional\nhard-core boson model in the thermodynamic limit. We show that after\nequilibration following a quench from a delocalized state, the momentum\ndistribution indicates a freezing of one-particle correlations at higher values\nthan in thermal equilibrium. The position of the delocalization to localization\ntransition, identified by the breakdown of thermalization with increasing\ndisorder strength, is found to be consistent with the value from the level\nstatistics obtained via full exact diagonalization of finite chains. Our\nresults strongly support the existence of a many-body localized phase in the\nthermodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional derivatives of random walks: Time series with long-time\n  memory: We review statistical properties of models generated by the application of a\n(positive and negative order) fractional derivative operator to a standard\nrandom walk and show that the resulting stochastic walks display\nslowly-decaying autocorrelation functions. The relation between these\ncorrelated walks and the well-known fractionally integrated autoregressive\n(FIGARCH) models, commonly used in econometric studies, is discussed. The\napplication of correlated random walks to simulate empirical financial times\nseries is considered and compared with the predictions from FIGARCH and the\nsimpler FIARCH processes. A comparison with empirical data is performed.",
        "positive": "Self-assembly of Brownian motor by reduction of its effective\n  temperature: Emergence, optimization and stability of a motor-like motion in a fluctuating\nenvironment are analyzed. The emergence of motion is shown to be a general\nphenomenon. A motor converges to the state with the minimum of effective\ntemperature and with the corresponding minimum in the rate of conformation\nchanges similarly as some stochastic processes converge to the states with\nminimum diffusion activity. This mechanism is important to bacterial foraging\n(chemotaxis). This work, therefore, raises an analogy between chemotaxis and\nthe emergence of living-like systems. The implications include the deviation of\nstable natural or artificial machines from the minimum entropy production\nprinciple, with a novel self-assembly mechanism for the emergence of the first\nmolecular motors and for mass fabrication of the future nanodevices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tagged-Particle Statistics in Single-File Motion with\n  Random-Acceleration and Langevin Dynamics: In the simplest model of single-file diffusion, $N$ point particles wander on\na segment of the $x$ axis of length $L$, with hard core interactions, which\nprevent passing, and with overdamped Brownian dynamics,\n$\\lambda\\dot{x}=\\eta(t)$, where $\\eta(t)$ has the form of Gaussian white noise\nwith zero mean. In 1965 Harris showed that in the limit $N\\to\\infty$,\n$L\\to\\infty$ with constant $\\rho=N/L$, the mean square displacement of a tagged\nparticle grows subdiffusively, as $t^{1/2}$, for long times. Recently, it has\nbeen shown that the proportionality constants of the $t^{1/2}$ law for\nrandomly-distributed initial positions of the particles and for equally-spaced\ninitial positions are not the same, but have ratio $\\sqrt{2}$. In this paper we\nconsider point particles on the $x$ axis, which collide elastically, and which\nmove according to (i) random-acceleration dynamics $\\ddot{x}=\\eta(t)$ and (ii)\nLangevin dynamics $\\ddot{x}+\\lambda\\dot{x}=\\eta(t)$. The mean square\ndisplacement and mean-square velocity of a tagged particle are analyzed for\nboth types of dynamics and for random and equally-spaced initial positions and\nGaussian-distributed initial velocities. We also study tagged particle\nstatistics, for both types of dynamics, in the spreading of a compact cluster\nof particles, with all of the particles initially at the origin.",
        "positive": "Mangetic properties of Ising thin-films with cubic lattices: We have used Monte Carlo simulations to observe the magnetic behaviour of\nIsing thin-films with cubic lattice structures as a function of temperature and\nthickness especially in the critical region. The fourth order Binder cumulant\nis used to extract critical temperatures, and an extension of finite size\nscaling theory for reduced geometry is derived to calculate the critical\nexponents. Magnetisation and magnetic susceptibility per spin in each layer are\nalso investigated. In addition, mean-field calculations are also performed for\ncomparison. We find that the magnetic behaviour changes from two dimensional to\nthree dimensional character with increasing thickness of the film. The\ncrossover of the critical temperature from a two dimensional to a bulk value is\nalso observed with both the Monte Carlo simulations and the mean-field\nanalysis. Nevertheless, the simulations have shown that the critical exponents\nonly vary a little from their two dimensional values. In particular, the\nresults for films with up to eight layers provide a strong indication of two\ndimensional universality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bethe approach study of the mixed spin-1/2 and spin-5/2 Ising system in\n  the presence of an applied magnetic field: The mixed spin-1/2 and spin-5/2 Ising model is investigated on the Bethe\nlattice in the presence of a magnetic field $h$ via the recursion relations\nmethod. A ground-state phase diagram is constructed which may be needful to\nexplore important regions of the temperature phase diagrams of a model. The\norder-parameters, the corresponding response functions and internal energy are\nthoroughly investigated in order to typify the nature of the phase transition\nand to get the corresponding temperatures. So, in the absence of the magnetic\nfield, the temperature phase diagrams are displayed in the case of an equal\ncrystal-field on the $(k_{\\textrm{B}}T/|J|, \\,D/|J|)$ plane when $q=3,4$, $5$\nand $6$. The model only exhibits the second-order phase transition for\nappropriate values of physical parameters of a model.",
        "positive": "Quantum chaos and thermalization in gapped systems: We investigate the onset of thermalization and quantum chaos in finite\none-dimensional gapped systems of hard-core bosons. Integrability in these\nsystems is broken by next-nearest-neighbor repulsive interactions, which also\ngenerate a superfluid to insulator transition. By employing full exact\ndiagonalization, we study chaos indicators and few-body observables. We show\nthat with increasing system size, chaotic behavior is seen over a broader range\nof parameters and, in particular, deeper into the insulating phase.\nConcomitantly, we observe that, as the system size increases, the eigenstate\nthermalization hypothesis extends its range of validity inside the insulating\nphase and is accompanied by the thermalization of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Improving Convergence of Generalised Rosenbluth Sampling for Branched\n  Polymer Models by Uniform Sampling: Sampling with the Generalised Atmospheric Rosenbluth Method (GARM) is a\ntechnique for estimating the distributions of lattice polymer models that has\nhad some success in the study of linear polymers and lattice polygons. In this\npaper we will explain how and why such sampling appears not to be effective for\nmany models of branched polymers.\n  Analysing the algorithm on a simple binary tree, we argue that the\nfundamental issue is an inherent bias towards extreme configurations that is\ncostly to correct with reweighting techniques.\n  We provide a solution to this by applying uniform sampling methods to the\natmospheres that are central to GARM. We caution that the ensuing computational\ncomplexity often outweighs the improvements gained.",
        "positive": "Deconfinement and phase diagram of bosons in a linear optical lattice\n  with a particle reservoir: We investigate the zero-temperature phases of bosons in a one-dimensional\noptical lattice with an explicit tunnel coupling to a Bose condensed particle\nreservoir. Renormalization group analysis of this system is shown to reveal\nthree phases: one in which the linear system is fully phase-locked to the\nreservoir; one in which Josephson vortices between the one-dimensional system\nand the particle reservoir deconfine due to quantum fluctuations, leading to a\ndecoupled state in which the one-dimensional system is metallic; and one in\nwhich the one-dimensional system is in a Mott insulating state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "High energy neutron scattering from hydrogen using a direct geometry\n  spectrometer: Deep inelastic neutron scattering experiments using indirect time-of-flight\nspectrometers have reported a smaller cross section for the hydrogen atom than\nexpected from conventional scattering theory. Typically, at large momentum\ntransfers, a deficit of 20-40% in the neutron scattering intensity has been\nmeasured and several theories have been developed to explain these results. We\npresent a different approach to this problem by investigating the hydrogen\ncross section in polyethylene using the direct geometry time-of-flight\nspectrometer MARI with the incident energy fixed at a series of values ranging\nfrom Ei=0.5 eV to 100 eV. These measurements span a much broader range in\nmomentum than previous studies and with varying energy resolutions. We observe\nno momentum dependence to the cross section with an error of 4% and through a\ncomparison with the scattering from metal foil standards measure the absolute\nbound cross section of the hydrogen atom to be sigma(H)= 80 +/- 4 barns. These\nresults are in agreement with conventional scattering theory but contrast with\ntheories invoking quantum entanglement and neutron experiments supporting them.\nOur results also illustrate a unique use of direct geometry chopper instruments\nat high incident energies and demonstrate their capability for conducting\nhigh-energy spectroscopy.",
        "positive": "The Boltzmann equation in special and general relativity: Relativistic field equations for a gas in special and general relativity are\ndetermined from the Boltzmann equation. The constitutive equations are obtained\nfrom the Chapman-Enskog methodology applied to a relativistic model equation\nproposed by Anderson and Witting. Two applications in general relativity are\nconsidered: one refers to a gas in a homogeneous and isotropic Universe where\nirreversible processes are present during its evolution; in the other it is\nanalyzed a gas under the influence of a spherically symmetrical non-rotating\nand uncharged source of the gravitational field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of slow solutions to the Gas-Piston equations: Despite its historical importance, a perfect gas enclosed by a pistons and in\ncontact with a thermal reservoirs is a system still largely under study. Its\nthermodynamic properties are not yet well understood when driven under\nnon-equilibrium conditions. In particular, analytic formulas that describe the\nheat exchanged with the reservoir are rare. In this paper we prove a power\nseries expansions for the heat when both the external force and the reservoir\ntemperature are slowly varying over time but the overall process is not\nquasi-static. To do so, we use the dynamical equations from [Cerino \\emph{et\nal.}, \\textit{Phys. Rev. E}, \\textbf{91} 032128] and an uncommon application of\nthe regular perturbation technique.",
        "positive": "Poisson-Box Sampling algorithms for three-dimensional Markov binary\n  mixtures: Particle transport in Markov mixtures can be addressed by the so-called Chord\nLength Sampling (CLS) methods, a family of Monte Carlo algorithms taking into\naccount the effects of stochastic media on particle propagation by generating\non-the-fly the material interfaces crossed by the random walkers during their\ntrajectories. Such methods enable a significant reduction of computational\nresources as opposed to reference solutions obtained by solving the Boltzmann\nequation for a large number of realizations of random media. CLS solutions,\nwhich neglect correlations induced by the spatial disorder, are faster albeit\napproximate, and might thus show discrepancies with respect to reference\nsolutions. In this work we propose a new family of algorithms (called 'Poisson\nBox Sampling', PBS) aimed at improving the accuracy of the CLS approach for\ntransport in $d$-dimensional binary Markov mixtures. In order to probe the\nfeatures of PBS methods, we will focus on three-dimensional Markov media and\nrevisit the benchmark problem originally proposed by Adams, Larsen and\nPomraning and extended by Brantley: for these configurations we will compare\nreference solutions, standard CLS solutions and the new PBS solutions for\nscalar particle flux, transmission and reflection coefficients. PBS will be\nshown to perform better than CLS at the expense of a reasonable increase in\ncomputational time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Trap dominated dynamics of classical dimer models: We consider dynamics of classical dimer models undergoing a phase transition\nto an ordered, frozen state. Relaxation processes are dominated by traps which\nare entropic in origin and can be traced to the locally jammed nature of the\ndimer states. Depending on the nature of the phase transition, critical\ndynamics are characterized either by an exponential, or sub-exponential in time\nrelaxation of the order parameter. In the latter case relaxation time scales\ndiverge {\\em exponentially} as the critical point is approached, following the\nVogel-Fulcher law.",
        "positive": "L\u00e9vy walk revisited: Hermite polynomial expansion approach: Integral transform method (Fourier or Laplace transform, etc) is more often\neffective to do the theoretical analysis for the stochastic processes. However,\nfor the time-space coupled cases, e.g., L\\'evy walk or nonlinear cases,\nintegral transform method may fail to be so strong or even do not work again.\nHere we provide Hermite polynomial expansion approach, being complementary to\nintegral transform method. Some statistical observables of general L\\'evy walks\nare calculated by the Hermite polynomial expansion approach, and the\ncomparisons are made when both the integral transform method and the newly\nintroduced approach work well."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Detrended fluctuation analysis as a statistical tool to monitor the\n  climate: Detrended fluctuation analysis is used to investigate power law relationship\nbetween the monthly averages of the maximum daily temperatures for different\nlocations in the western US. On the map created by the power law exponents, we\ncan distinguish different geographical regions with different power law\nexponents. When the power law exponents obtained from the detrended fluctuation\nanalysis are plotted versus the standard deviation of the temperature\nfluctuations, we observe different data points belonging to the different\nclimates, hence indicating that by observing the long-time trends in the\nfluctuations of temperature we can distinguish between different climates.",
        "positive": "The O(n) loop model on a three-dimensional lattice: We study a class of loop models, parameterized by a continuously varying loop\nfugacity n, on the hydrogen-peroxide lattice, which is a three-dimensional\ncubic lattice of coordination number 3. For integer n > 0, these loop models\nprovide graphical representations for n-vector models on the same lattice,\nwhile for n = 0 they reduce to the self-avoiding walk problem. We use worm\nalgorithms to perform Monte Carlo studies of the loop model for n = 0, 0.5, 1,\n1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 and obtain the critical points and a number of critical\nexponents, including the thermal exponent yt, magnetic exponent yh, and loop\nexponent yl. For integer n, the estimated values of yt and yh are found to\nagree with existing estimates for the three-dimensional O(n) universality\nclass. The efficiency of the worm algorithms is reflected by the small value of\nthe dynamic exponent z, determined from our analysis of the integrated\nautocorrelation times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics of Self-propelled Hard Rods: Using tools of nonequilibirum mechanics, we study a model of self-propelled\nhard rods on a substrate in two dimensions to quantify the interplay of\nself-propulsion and excluded-volume effects. We derive of a Smoluchowski\nequation for the configurational probability density of self-propelled rods\nthat contains several modifications as compared to the familiar Smoluchowski\nequation for thermal rods. As a side-product of our work, we also present a\npurely dynamical derivation of the Onsager form of the mean field excluded\nvolume interaction among thermal hard rods.",
        "positive": "Extreme value statistics of correlated random variables: Extreme value statistics (EVS) concerns the study of the statistics of the\nmaximum or the minimum of a set of random variables. This is an important\nproblem for any time-series and has applications in climate, finance, sports,\nall the way to physics of disordered systems where one is interested in the\nstatistics of the ground state energy. While the EVS of uncorrelated variables\nare well understood, little is known for strongly correlated random variables.\nOnly recently this subject has gained much importance both in statistical\nphysics and in probability theory. In this note, we will first review the\nclassical EVS for uncorrelated variables and discuss few examples of correlated\nvariables where analytical progress can be made."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations in quantum one-dimensional thermostatted systems with\n  off-diagonal disorder: We analyze a one dimensional quantum model with off-diagonal disorder,\nconsisting of a sequence of potential energy barriers whose width is a random\nvariable either uniformly or normally distributed. We investigate how the\ndisorder and the energy distribution (due to a thermostat at room temperature)\naffect the resulting value of the transmission coefficient, and discuss the\nstructure of the fluctuations of such coefficient at different length scales\nand the onset of different size-dependent regimes. Our analysis suggests an\nefficient way to detect tunneling resonances in a regime of off-diagonal\ndisorder.",
        "positive": "Stationary distributions of propelled particles as a system with\n  quenched disorder: This article is the exploration of the viewpoint within which propelled\nparticles in a steady-state are regarded as a system with quenched disorder.\nThe analogy is exact when the rate of the drift orientation vanishes and the\nlinear potential, representing the drift, becomes part of an external\npotential, resulting in the effective potential $u_{eff}$. The stationary\ndistribution is then calculated as a disorder-averaged quantity by considering\nall contributing drift orientations. To extend this viewpoint to the case when\na drift orientation evolves in time, we reformulate the relevant Fokker-Planck\nequation as a self-consistent relation. One interesting aspect of this\nformulation is that it is represented in terms of the Boltzmann factor\n$e^{-\\beta u_{eff}}$. In the case of a run-and-tumble model, the formulation\nreveals an effective interaction between particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Micro-reversibility and thermalization with collisional baths: Micro-reversibility, that is, the time reversal symmetry exhibited by\nmicroscopic dynamics, plays a central role in thermodynamics and statistical\nmechanics. It is used to prove fundamental results such as Onsager reciprocal\nrelations or fluctuation theorems. From micro-reversibility one can also prove\nthat isolated systems and systems in contact with a thermal bath relax to\nmicro-canonical and canonical ensembles, respectively. However, a number of\nproblems arise when trying to reproduce this proof for classical and quantum\ncollisional baths, consisting of particles from an equilibrium reservoir\ninteracting with a localized system via collisions. In particular, it is not\ncompletely clear which distribution for the velocities of the incident\nparticles warrants thermalization. Here, we clarify these issues by showing\nthat Liouville's theorem is a necessary condition for micro-reversibility in\nclassical and semi-classical scenarios. As a consequence, one must take into\naccount all the canonical coordinates and momenta, including the position of\nthe incident particles. Taking into account the position modifies the effective\nprobability distribution of the velocity of the particles that interact with\nthe system, which is no longer Maxwellian. We finally show an example of\nseemingly plausible collision rules that nonetheless violate the Liouville\ntheorem and allow one to design machines that beat the second law of\nthermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Granular and Nano-Elasticity: The modeling of the elastic properties of granular or nanoscale systems\nrequires the foundations of the theory of elasticity to be revisited, as one\nexplores scales at which this theory may no longer hold. The only cases for\nwhich a microscopic justification of elasticity exists are (nearly) uniformly\nstrained lattices. A microscopic theory of elasticity, as well as simulations,\nreveal that standard continuum elasticity applies only at sufficiently large\nscales (typically 100 particle diameters). Interestingly, force chains, which\nhave been observed in experiments on granular systems, and attributed to\nnon-elastic effects, are shown to exist in systems composed of harmonically\ninteracting constituents. The corresponding stress field, which is a continuum\nmechanical (averaged) entity, exhibits no chain structures even at\nnear-microscopic resolutions, but it does reflect macroscopic anisotropy, when\npresent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple method to obtain the all order quantum corrected Bose-Einstein\n  distribution: A simple method has been introduced to derive the all order quantum corrected\nBose-Einstein distribution as the solution of the Wigner equation. The process\nis a perturbative one where the Bose-Einstein distribution has been taken as\nthe unperturbed solution. This solution has been applied to calculate the\nnumber density of the bosons at finite temperature. The study may be important\nto investigate the properties of bosons and bose condensates at finite\ntemperature. This process can also be applied to obtain the quantum corrected\nFermi distribution.",
        "positive": "Quench dynamics of R\u00e9nyi negativities and the quasiparticle picture: The study of the moments of the partially transposed density matrix provides\na new and effective way of detecting bipartite entanglement in a many-body\nmixed state. This is valuable for cold-atom and ion-trap experiments, as well\nas in the general context of quantum simulation of many-body systems. In this\nwork we study the time evolution after a quantum quench of the moments of the\npartial transpose, and several related quantities, such as the R\\'enyi\nnegativities. By combining Conformal Field Theory (CFT) results with\nintegrability, we show that, in the space-time scaling limit of long times and\nlarge subsystems, a quasiparticle description allows for a complete\nunderstanding of the R\\'enyi negativities. We test our analytical predictions\nagainst exact numerical results for free-fermion and free-boson lattice models,\neven though our framework applies to generic interacting integrable systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground-state structures in Ising magnets on the Shastry-Sutherland\n  lattice with long-range interactions and fractional magnetization plateaus in\n  TmB4: A method for the study of the ground states of lattice-gas models or\nequivalent spin models with extended-range interactions is developed. It is\nshown that effect of longer-range interactions can be studied in terms of the\nsolution of the ground-state problem for a model with short-range interactions.\nThe method is applied to explain the emergence of fractional magnetization\nplateaus in TmB4 that is regarded as a strong Ising magnet on the\nShastry-Sutherland lattice.",
        "positive": "One-dimensional Nonequilibrium Kinetic Ising Models with local\n  spin-symmetry breaking: N-component branching annihilation transition at zero\n  branching rate: The effects of locally broken spin symmetry are investigated in one\ndimensional nonequilibrium kinetic Ising systems via computer simulations and\ncluster mean field calculations. Besides a line of directed percolation\ntransitions, a line of transitions belonging to N-component, two-offspring\nbranching annihilating random-walk class (N-BARW2) is revealed in the phase\ndiagram at zero branching rate. In this way a spin model for N-BARW2\ntransitions is proposed for the first time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Proof of absence of local conserved quantities in the mixed-field Ising\n  chain: Absence of local conserved quantities is often required, such as for\nthermalization or for the validity of response theory. Although many studies\nhave discussed whether thermalization occurs in the Ising chain with\nlongitudinal and transverse fields, rigorous results on local conserved\nquantities of this model have still been lacking. Here, we rigorously prove\nthat, if all coupling constants are nonzero, this model has no conserved\nquantity spanned by local operators with support size up to half of the system\nsize other than a trivial one, i.e., a linear combination of the Hamiltonian\nand the identity. The proof is given not only for the periodic boundary\ncondition but also for the open boundary condition. We also discuss relation to\nthe integrability of the model where the longitudinal field is set to zero. Our\nresults provide the second example of spin models whose nonintegrability is\nrigorously proved.",
        "positive": "Classification of scale-free networks: While the emergence of a power law degree distribution in complex networks is\nintriguing, the degree exponent is not universal. Here we show that the\nbetweenness centrality displays a power-law distribution with an exponent \\eta\nwhich is robust and use it to classify the scale-free networks. We have\nobserved two universality classes with \\eta \\approx 2.2(1) and 2.0,\nrespectively. Real world networks for the former are the protein interaction\nnetworks, the metabolic networks for eukaryotes and bacteria, and the\nco-authorship network, and those for the latter one are the Internet, the\nworld-wide web, and the metabolic networks for archaea. Distinct features of\nthe mass-distance relation, generic topology of geodesics and resilience under\nattack of the two classes are identified. Various model networks also belong to\neither of the two classes while their degree exponents are tunable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Active search for a reactive target in thermal environments: We study a stochastic process where an active particle, modeled by a\none-dimensional run-and-tumble particle, searches for a target with a finite\nabsorption strength in thermal environments. Solving the Fokker-Planck equation\nfor a uniform initial distribution, we analytically calculate the mean\nsearching time (MST), the time for the active particle to be finally absorbed,\nand show that there exists an optimal self-propulsion velocity of the active\nparticle at which MST is minimized. As the diffusion constant increases, the\noptimal velocity changes from a finite value to zero, which implies that a\npurely diffusive Brownian motion outperforms an active motion in terms of\nsearching time. Depending on the absorption strength of the target, the\ntransition of the optimal velocity becomes either continuous or discontinuous,\nwhich can be understood based on the Landau approach. In addition, we obtain\nthe phase diagram indicating the passive-efficient and the active-efficient\nregions. Finally, the initial condition dependence of MST is presented in\nlimiting cases.",
        "positive": "Hyperdiffusion of Poissonian run-and-tumble particles in two dimensions: We study non-interacting Poissonian run-and-tumble particles (RTPs) in two\ndimensions whose velocity orientations are controlled by an arbitrary circular\ndistribution $Q(\\phi)$. RTP-type active transport has been reported to undergo\nlocalization inside crowded and disordered environments, yet its\nnon-equilibrium dynamics, especially at intermediate times, has not been\nelucidated analytically. Here, starting from the standard (one-state) RTPs, we\nformulate the localized (two-state) RTPs by concatenating an overdamped\nBrownian motion in a Markovian manner. Using the space-time coupling technique\nin continuous-time random walk theory, we generalize the Montroll-Weiss formula\nin a decomposable form over the Fourier coefficient $Q_{\\nu}$ and reveal that\nthe displacement moment $\\left \\langle \\mathbf{r}^{2\\mu}(t) \\right \\rangle$\ndepends on finite angular moments $Q_{\\nu}$ for $|\\nu|\\leq \\mu$. Based on this\nfinding, we provide (i) the angular distribution of velocity reorientation for\none-state RTPs and (ii) $\\left \\langle \\mathbf{r}^{2}(t) \\right \\rangle$ over\nall timescales for two-state RTPs. In particular, we find the intricate time\nevolution of $\\left \\langle \\mathbf{r}^{2}(t) \\right \\rangle$ that depends on\ninitial dynamic states and, remarkably, detect hyperdiffusive scaling $\\left\n\\langle \\mathbf{r}^{2}(t) \\right \\rangle \\propto t^{\\beta(t)}$ with an\nanomalous exponent $2<\\beta(t)\\leq 3$ in the short- and intermediate-time\nregimes. Our work suggests that the localization emerging within complex\nsystems can increase the dispersion rate of active transport even beyond the\nballistic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exactly solved lattice models: from polymer networks to an Ising model\n  in a magnetic field: Some recent developments in the study of exactly solved lattice models in\nstatistical mechanics are briefly reviewed. These include work with Debbie\nBennett-Wood and Aleks Owczarek on polymers at surfaces (cond-mat/9805148) and\nwith Katherine Seaton on the calculation of correlation lengths and the E_8\nmass spectrum of the dilute A_3 lattice model (hep-th/9712121).",
        "positive": "Phase equilibrium of water with hexagonal and cubic ice using the SCAN\n  functional: Machine learning models are rapidly becoming widely used to simulate complex\nphysicochemical phenomena with ab initio accuracy. Here, we use one such model\nas well as direct density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate\nthe phase equilibrium of water, hexagonal ice (Ih), and cubic ice (Ic), with an\neye towards studying ice nucleation. The machine learning model is based on\ndeep neural networks and has been trained on DFT data obtained using the SCAN\nexchange and correlation functional. We use this model to drive enhanced\nsampling simulations aimed at calculating a number of complex properties that\nare out of reach of DFT-driven simulations and then employ an appropriate\nreweighting procedure to compute the corresponding properties for the SCAN\nfunctional. This approach allows us to calculate the melting temperature of\nboth ice polymorphs, the driving force for nucleation, the heat of fusion, the\ndensities at the melting temperature, the relative stability of ice Ih and Ic,\nand other properties. We find a correct qualitative prediction of all\nproperties of interest. In some cases, quantitative agreement with experiment\nis better than for state-of-the-art semiempirical potentials for water. Our\nresults also show that SCAN correctly predicts that ice Ih is more stable than\nice Ic."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation to steady states and dynamical exponents in deposition models: Considering some deposition models with limited mobility, we show that the\ntypical decay of the interface width to its saturation value is exponential,\nwhich defines the crossover or saturation time \\tau. We present a method to\ncalculate a characteristic time \\tau_0 proportional to \\tau and estimate the\ndynamical exponent z. In one dimensional substrates of lengths L <~ 2048, the\nmethod is applied to the Family model, the restricted solid-on-solid (RSOS)\nmodel and the ballistic deposition. Effective exponents z_L converge to\nasymptotic values consistent with the corresponding continuum theories. For the\ntwo-dimensional Family model, the expected dynamic scaling hypothesis suggests\na particular definition of \\tau_0 that leads to z=2, improving previous\ncalculations based on data collapse methods. For the two-dimensional RSOS\nmodel, we obtain z ~ 1.6 and \\alpha < 0.4, in agreement with recent large scale\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Thermalization of oscillator chains with onsite anharmonicity and\n  comparison with kinetic theory: We perform microscopic molecular dynamics simulations of particle chains with\nan onsite anharmonicity to study relaxation of spatially homogeneous states to\nequilibrium, and directly compare the simulations with the corresponding\nBoltzmann-Peierls kinetic theory. The Wigner function serves as common\ninterface between the microscopic and kinetic level. We demonstrate\nquantitative agreement after an initial transient time interval. In particular,\nbesides energy conservation, we observe the additional quasi-conservation of\nthe phonon density, defined via an ensemble average of the related microscopic\nfield variables and exactly conserved by the kinetic equations. On\nsuper-kinetic time scales, density quasi-conservation is lost while energy\nremains conserved, and we find evidence for eventual relaxation of the density\nto its canonical ensemble value. However, the precise mechanism remains unknown\nand is not captured by the Boltzmann-Peierls equations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Corresponding States of Structural Glass Formers. II: The earlier paper of this same title demonstrated a collapse of relaxation\ndata of fragile supercooled glass forming liquids [\\textit{J. Phys. Chem. B}\n\\textbf{113}, 5563-5567 (2009)]. For temperature $T$ below that of the onset to\nsupercooled behavior, $T_{\\mathrm{o}}$, the logarithm of structural relaxation\ntime, $\\log \\tau$, is given by the parabolic form $\\log\n(\\tau/\\tau_{\\mathrm{o}}) \\, =\\, J^2(1/T - 1/T_{\\mathrm{o}})^{2}$, where $J$ and\n$\\tau_{\\mathrm{o}}$ are temperature independent. This paper presents further\napplications of this formula. In particular, it is shown that the effects of\nattractive forces in numerical simulation of glass forming liquids can be\nlogically organized in terms of $J$ and $T_{\\mathrm{o}}$. Further, analysis of\nexperimental data for several systems suggests that $J$ and $T_{\\mathrm{o}}$\nare material properties. In contrast, values of similar parameters for other\nfitting formulas are shown to depend not only upon the material but also upon\nthe range of data used in fitting these formulas. Expressions demonstrated to\nfail in this way include the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann formula, a\ndouble-exponential formula, and a fractional exponential formula.",
        "positive": "Transport coefficients for inelastic Maxwell mixtures: The Boltzmann equation for inelastic Maxwell models is used to determine the\nNavier-Stokes transport coefficients of a granular binary mixture in $d$\ndimensions. The Chapman-Enskog method is applied to solve the Boltzmann\nequation for states near the (local) homogeneous cooling state. The mass, heat,\nand momentum fluxes are obtained to first order in the spatial gradients of the\nhydrodynamic fields, and the corresponding transport coefficients are\nidentified. There are seven relevant transport coefficients: the mutual\ndiffusion, the pressure diffusion, the thermal diffusion, the shear viscosity,\nthe Dufour coefficient, the pressure energy coefficient, and the thermal\nconductivity. All these coefficients are {\\em exactly} obtained in terms of the\ncoefficients of restitution and the ratios of mass, concentration, and particle\nsizes. The results are compared with known transport coefficients of inelastic\nhard spheres obtained analytically in the leading Sonine approximation and by\nmeans of Monte Carlo simulations. The comparison shows a reasonably good\nagreement between both interaction models for not too strong dissipation,\nespecially in the case of the transport coefficients associated with the mass\nflux."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the equivalence between stochastic baker's maps and two-dimensional\n  spin systems: We show that there is a class of stochastic baker's transformations that is\nequivalent to the class of equilibrium solutions of two-dimensional spin\nsystems with finite interaction. The construction is such that the equilibrium\ndistribution of the spin lattice is identical to the invariant measure in the\ncorresponding baker's transformation. We also find that the entropy of the spin\nsystem is up to a constant equal to the rate of entropy production in the\ncorresponding stochastic baker's transformation. We illustrate the equivalence\nby deriving two stochastic baker's maps representing the Ising model at a\ntemperature above and below the critical temperature, respectively. We\ncalculate the invariant measure of the stochastic baker's transformation\nnumerically. The equivalence is demonstrated by finding that the free energy in\nthe baker system is in agreement with analytic results of the two-dimensional\nIsing model.",
        "positive": "Quantum Heat Engines with Singular Interactions: By harnessing quantum phenomena, quantum devices have the potential to\noutperform their classical counterparts. Previous work has shown that a bosonic\nworking medium can yield better performance than a fermionic medium. We expand\nupon this work by incorporating a singular interaction that allows the\neffective symmetry to be tuned between the bosonic and fermionic limits. In\nthis framework, the particles can be treated as anyons subject to Haldane's\ngeneralized exclusion statistics. Solving the dynamics analytically using the\nframework of \"statistical anyons\" we explore the interplay between\ninterparticle interactions and wave function symmetry on engine performance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jarzynski equality for time-averaged work: There is evidence that taking the time average of the work performed by a\nthermally isolated system \"transforms\" the adiabatic process into an isothermal\none. We add here one more fact to this case by showing that the time-averaged\ndifference of Helmholtz free energy is equal to the time-averaged quasistatic\nwork of the system. Therefore, a Jarzynski equality relating the time-averaged\nwork and time-averaged quasistatic work is established. As an immediate\nconsequence, the expected relation $\\langle W\\rangle\\ge W_{\\rm qs}$ is\ndemonstrated. Numerical evidence for the equality is also presented for the\nclassical harmonic oscillator with a driven linear equilibrium position\nparameter.",
        "positive": "Density matrix of chaotic quantum systems: The nonequilibrium dynamics in chaotic quantum systems denies a fully\nunderstanding up to now, even if thermalization in the long-time asymptotic\nstate has been explained by the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis which\nassumes a universal form of the observable matrix elements in the eigenbasis of\nHamiltonian. It was recently proposed that the density matrix elements have\nalso a universal form, which can be used to understand the nonequilibrium\ndynamics at the whole time scale, from the transient regime to the long-time\nsteady limit. In this paper, we numerically test these assumptions for density\nmatrix in the models of spins."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Walls Inhibit Chaotic Mixing: We report on experiments of chaotic mixing in a closed vessel, in which a\nhighly viscous fluid is stirred by a moving rod. We analyze quantitatively how\nthe concentration field of a low-diffusivity dye relaxes towards homogeneity,\nand we observe a slow algebraic decay of the inhomogeneity, at odds with the\nexponential decay predicted by most previous studies. Visual observations\nreveal the dominant role of the vessel wall, which strongly influences the\nconcentration field in the entire domain and causes the anomalous scaling. A\nsimplified 1D model supports our experimental results. Quantitative analysis of\nthe concentration pattern leads to scalings for the distributions and the\nvariance of the concentration field consistent with experimental and numerical\nresults.",
        "positive": "Resolving mean-field solutions of dissipative phase transitions using\n  permutational symmetry: Phase transitions in dissipative quantum systems have been investigated using\nvarious analytical approaches, particularly in the mean-field (MF) limit.\nHowever, analytical results often depend on specific methodologies. For\ninstance, Keldysh formalism shows that the dissipative transverse Ising (DTI)\nmodel exhibits a discontinuous transition at the upper critical dimension,\n$d_c= 3$, whereas the fluctuationless MF approach predicts a continuous\ntransition in infinite dimensions ($d_\\infty$). These two solutions cannot be\nreconciled because the MF solutions above $d_c$ should be identical. This\nnecessitates a numerical verification. However, numerical studies on large\nsystems may not be feasible because of the exponential increase in\ncomputational complexity as $\\mathcal{O}(2^{2N})$ with system size $N$. Here,\nwe note that because spins can be regarded as being fully connected at\n$d_\\infty$, the spin indices can be permutation invariant, and the number of\nquantum states can be considerably contracted with the computational complexity\n$\\mathcal{O}(N^3)$. The Lindblad equation is transformed into a dynamic\nequation based on the contracted states. Applying the Runge--Kutta algorithm to\nthe dynamic equation, we obtain all the critical exponents, including the\ndynamic exponent $z\\approx 0.5$. Moreover, since the DTI model has\n$\\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry, the hyperscaling relation has the form\n$2\\beta+\\gamma=\\nu(d+z)$, we obtain the relation $d_c+z=4$ in the MF limit.\nHence, $d_c\\approx 3.5$; thus, the discontinuous transition at $d=3$ cannot be\ntreated as an MF solution. We conclude that the permutation invariance at\n$d_\\infty$ can be used effectively to check the validity of an analytic MF\nsolution in quantum phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The statistics of diffusive flux: We calculate the explicit probability distribution function for the flux\nbetween sites in a simple discrete time diffusive system composed of\nindependent random walkers. We highlight some of the features of the\ndistribution and we discuss its relation to the local instantaneous entropy\nproduction in the system. Our results are applicable both to equilibrium and\nnon-equilibrium steady states as well as for certain time dependent situations.",
        "positive": "Diluted Networks of Nonlinear Resistors and Fractal Dimensions of\n  Percolation Clusters: We study random networks of nonlinear resistors, which obey a generalized\nOhm's law, $V\\sim I^r$. Our renormalized field theory, which thrives on an\ninterpretation of the involved Feynman Diagrams as being resistor networks\nthemselves, is presented in detail. By considering distinct values of the\nnonlinearity r, we calculate several fractal dimensions characterizing\npercolation clusters. For the dimension associated with the red bonds we show\nthat $d_{\\scriptsize red} = 1/\\nu$ at least to order ${\\sl O} (\\epsilon^4)$,\nwith $\\nu$ being the correlation length exponent, and $\\epsilon = 6-d$, where d\ndenotes the spatial dimension. This result agrees with a rigorous one by\nConiglio. Our result for the chemical distance, $d_{\\scriptsize min} = 2 -\n\\epsilon /6 - [ 937/588 + 45/49 (\\ln 2 -9/10 \\ln 3)] (\\epsilon /6)^2 + {\\sl O}\n(\\epsilon^3)$ verifies a previous calculation by one of us. For the backbone\ndimension we find $D_B = 2 + \\epsilon /21 - 172 \\epsilon^2 /9261 + 2 (- 74639 +\n22680 \\zeta (3))\\epsilon^3 /4084101 + {\\sl O} (\\epsilon^4)$, where $\\zeta (3) =\n1.202057...$, in agreement to second order in $\\epsilon$ with a two-loop\ncalculation by Harris and Lubensky."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Exponents of the pure and random-field Ising models: We show that current estimates of the critical exponents of the\nthree-dimensional random-field Ising model are in agreement with the exponents\nof the pure Ising system in dimension 3 - theta where theta is the exponent\nthat governs the hyperscaling violation in the random case.",
        "positive": "Hidden topological order in $^{23}Na (F=1)$ Bose-Einstein Condensates: We show the existence of a new hidden topological order in $^{23}Na$ (F=1)\nBose-Einstein condensates (BEC) with antiferromagnetic interactions. Occurrence\nof this order is due to the confinement of hedgehogs in BEC where a spin\nJosephson effect takes place. However, a topological long range order is also\nargued to coexist with a short range spin correlation, as a result of\ntopological order from disorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic Properties of Finite Systems: Microcanonical Finite Size\n  Scaling: In the microcanonical ensemble, suitably defined observables show\nnon-analyticities and power law behaviour even for finite systems. For these\nobservables, a microcanonical finite-size scaling theory is established which\nfacilitates an approach to the critical exponents of the infinite system.",
        "positive": "Far-from-equilibrium universality in the two-dimensional Heisenberg\n  model: We characterize the universal far-from-equilibrium dynamics of the\ntwo-dimensional quantum Heisenberg magnet isolated from its environment. For a\nbroad range of initial conditions, we find a long-lived universal prethermal\nregime characterized by self-similar behavior of spin-spin correlations. We\nanalytically derive the spatial-temporal scaling exponents and find excellent\nagreement with numerics using phase space methods. The scaling exponents are\ninsensitive to the choice of initial conditions, which include coherent and\nincoherent spin states with values of total magnetization and energy in a wide\nrange. Compared to previously-studied self-similar dynamics in non-equilibrium\n$O(n)$ field theories and Bose gases, we find qualitatively distinct scaling\nbehavior originating from the presence of spin modes which remain gapless at\nlong times and which are protected by the global SU(2) symmetry. Our\npredictions, which suggest a new non-equilibrium universality class, are\nreadily testable in ultra-cold atoms simulators of Heisenberg magnets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Calculation of 1RSB transition temperature of spin glass models on\n  regular random graphs under the replica symmetric ansatz: We study $p$-spin glass models on regular random graphs. By analyzing the\nFranz-Parisi potential with a two-body cavity field approximation under the\nreplica symmetric ansatz, we obtain a good approximation of the 1RSB transition\ntemperature for $p=3$. Our calculation method is much easier than the 1RSB\ncavity method because the result is obtained by solving self-consistent\nequations with Newton's method.",
        "positive": "Anomalous velocity distributions in active Brownian suspensions: Large scale simulations and analytical theory have been combined to obtain\nthe non-equilibrium velocity distribution, $f(v)$, of randomly accelerated\nparticles in suspension. The simulations are based on an event-driven\nalgorithm, generalised to include friction. They reveal strongly anomalous but\nlargely universal distributions which are independent of volume fraction and\ncollision processes, which suggests a one-particle model should capture all the\nessential features. We have formulated this one-particle model and solved it\nanalytically in the limit of strong damping, where we find that $f(v)$ decays\nas $1/v$ for multiple decades, eventually crossing over to a Gaussian decay for\nthe largest velocities. Many particle simulations and numerical solution of the\none-particle model agree for all values of the damping."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The fractality of the relaxation modes in deterministic\n  reaction-diffusion systems: In chaotic reaction-diffusion systems with two degrees of freedom, the modes\ngoverning the exponential relaxation to the thermodynamic equilibrium present a\nfractal structure which can be characterized by a Hausdorff dimension. For long\nwavelength modes, this dimension is related to the Lyapunov exponent and to a\nreactive diffusion coefficient. This relationship is tested numerically on a\nreactive multibaker model and on a two-dimensional periodic reactive Lorentz\ngas. The agreement with the theory is excellent.",
        "positive": "Optimization of a relativistic quantum mechanical engine: We present an optimal analysis for a quantum mechanical engine working\nbetween two energy baths within the framework of relativistic quantum\nmechanics, adopting a first-order correction. This quantum mechanical engine,\nwith the direct energy leakage between the energy baths, consists of two\nadiabatic and two isoenergetic processes and uses a three-level system of two\nnon-interacting fermions as its working substance. Assuming that the potential\nwall moves at a finite speed, we derive the expression of power output and, in\nparticular, reproduce the expression for the efficiency at maximum power."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Glauber model in a quantum representation: The Glauber model is reconsidered based on a quantum formulation of the\nMaster equation. Unlike the conventional approach the temperature and the Ising\nenergy are included from the beginning by introducing a Heisenberg-like picture\nof the second quantized operators. This method enables us to get an exact\nexpression for the transition rate of a single flip-process $w_i(\\sigma_i)$\nwhich is in accordance with the principle of detailed balance. The transition\nrate differs significantly from the conventional one due to Glauber in the low\ntemperature regime. Here the behavior is controlled by the Ising energy and not\nby the microscopic time scale.",
        "positive": "Quantum corrections of work statistics in closed quantum systems: We investigate quantum corrections to the classical work characteristic\nfunction (CF) as a semiclassical approximation to the full quantum work CF. In\naddition to explicitly establishing the quantum-classical correspondence of the\nFeynman-Kac formula, we find that these quantum corrections must be in even\npowers of $\\hbar$. Exact formulas of the lowest corrections ($\\hbar^2$) are\nproposed, and their physical origins are clarified. We calculate the work CFs\nfor a forced harmonic oscillator and a forced quartic oscillator respectively\nto illustrate our results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Real-Time Wavelet-transform spectrum analyzer for the investigation of\n  1/f^\u03b1noise: A wavelet transform spectrum analyzer operating in real time within the\nfrequency range 3X10^(-5) - 1.3X10^5 Hz has been implemented on a low-cost\nDigital Signal Processing board operating at 150MHz. The wavelet decomposition\nof the signal allows to efficiently process non-stationary signals dominated by\nlarge amplitude events fairly well localized in time, thus providing the\nnatural tool to analyze processes characterized by 1/f^alpha power spectrum.\nThe parallel architecture of the DSP allows the real-time processing of the\nwavelet transform of the signal sampled at 0.3MHz. The bandwidth is about\n220dB, almost ten decades. The power spectrum of the scattered intensity is\nprocessed in real time from the mean square value of the wavelet coefficients\nwithin each frequency band. The performances of the spectrum analyzer have been\ninvestigated by performing Dynamic Light Scattering experiments on colloidal\nsuspensions and by comparing the measured spectra with the correlation\nfunctions data obtained with a traditional multi tau correlator. In order to\nasses the potentialities of the spectrum analyzer in the investigation of\nprocesses involving a wide range of timescales, we have performed measurements\non a model system where fluctuations in the scattered intensities are generated\nby the number fluctuations in a dilute colloidal suspension illuminated by a\nwide beam. This system is characterized by a power-law spectrum with exponent\n-3/2 in the scattered intensity fluctuations. The spectrum analyzer allows to\nrecover the power spectrum with a dynamic range spanning about 8 decades. The\nadvantages of wavelet analysis versus correlation analysis in the investigation\nof processes characterized by a wide distribution of time scales and\nnon-stationary processes are briefly discussed.",
        "positive": "Noisy Classical Field Theories with Two Coupled Fields: Dependence of\n  Escape Rates on Relative Field Stiffnesses: Exit times for stochastic Ginzburg-Landau classical field theories with two\nor more coupled classical fields depend on the interval length on which the\nfields are defined, the potential in which the fields deterministically evolve,\nand the relative stiffness of the fields themselves. The latter is of\nparticular importance in that physical applications will generally require\ndifferent relative stiffnesses, but the effect of varying field stiffnesses has\nnot heretofore been studied. In this paper, we explore the complete phase\ndiagram of escape times as they depend on the various problem parameters. In\naddition to finding a transition in escape rates as the relative stiffness\nvaries, we also observe a critical slowing down of the string method algorithm\nas criticality is approached."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Skewness and kurtosis analysis for non-Gaussian distributions: In a recent paper [\\textit{M. Cristelli, A. Zaccaria and L. Pietronero, Phys.\nRev. E 85, 066108 (2012)}], Cristelli \\textit{et al.} analysed relation between\nskewness and kurtosis for complex dynamical systems and identified two\npower-law regimes of non-Gaussianity, one of which scales with an exponent of 2\nand the other is with $4/3$. Finally the authors concluded that the observed\nrelation is a universal fact in complex dynamical systems. Here, we test the\nproposed universal relation between skewness and kurtosis with large number of\nsynthetic data and show that in fact it is not universal and originates only\ndue to the small number of data points in the data sets considered. The\nproposed relation is tested using two different non-Gaussian distributions,\nnamely $q$-Gaussian and Levy distributions. We clearly show that this relation\ndisappears for sufficiently large data sets provided that the second moment of\nthe distribution is finite. We find that, contrary to the claims of Cristelli\n\\textit{et al.} regarding a power-law scaling regime, kurtosis saturates to a\nsingle value, which is of course different from the Gaussian case ($K=3$), as\nthe number of data is increased. On the other hand, if the second moment of the\ndistribution is infinite, then the kurtosis seems to never converge to a single\nvalue. The converged kurtosis value for the finite second moment distributions\nand the number of data points needed to reach this value depend on the\ndeviation of the original distribution from the Gaussian case. We also argue\nthat the use of kurtosis to compare distributions to decide which one deviates\nfrom the Gaussian more can lead to incorrect results even for finite second\nmoment distributions for small data sets, whereas it is totally misleading for\ninfinite second moment distributions where the difference depends on $N$ for\nall finite $N$.",
        "positive": "Multiple-scale stochastic processes: decimation, averaging and beyond: The recent experimental progresses in handling microscopic systems have\nallowed to probe them at levels where fluctuations are prominent, calling for\nstochastic modeling in a large number of physical, chemical and biological\nphenomena. This has provided fruitful applications for established stochastic\nmethods and motivated further developments. These systems often involve\nprocesses taking place on widely separated time scales. For an efficient\nmodeling one usually focuses on the slower degrees of freedom and it is of\ngreat importance to accurately eliminate the fast variables in a controlled\nfashion, carefully accounting for their net effect on the slower dynamics. This\nprocedure in general requires to perform two different operations: decimation\nand coarse-graining. We introduce the asymptotic methods that form the basis of\nthis procedure and discuss their application to a series of physical,\nbiological and chemical examples. We then turn our attention to functionals of\nthe stochastic trajectories such as residence times, counting statistics,\nfluxes, entropy production, etc. which have been increasingly studied in recent\nyears. For such functionals, the elimination of the fast degrees of freedom can\npresent additional difficulties and naive procedures can lead to blatantly\ninconsistent results. Homogenization techniques for functionals are less\ncovered in the literature and we will pedagogically present them here, as\nnatural extensions of the ones employed for the trajectories. We will also\ndiscuss recent applications of these techniques to the thermodynamics of small\nsystems and their interpretation in terms of information-theoretic concepts."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fermionic Ising Glasses with BCS Pairing Interaction. Tricritical\n  Behaviour: We have examined the role of the BCS pairing mechanism in the formation of\nthe magnetic moment and henceforth a spin glass (SG) phase by studying a\nfermionic Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model with a local BCS coupling between the\nfermions. This model is obtained by using perturbation theory to trace out the\nconduction electrons degrees of freedom in conventional superconducting alloys.\nThe model is formulated in the path integral formalism where the spin operators\nare represented by bilinear combinations of Grassmann fields and it reduces to\na single site problem that can be solved within the static approximation with a\nreplica symmetric Ansatz. We argue that this is a valid procedure for values of\ntemperature above the de Almeida-Thouless instability line. The phase diagram\nin the T-g plane, where g is the strength of the pairing interaction, for fixed\nvariance J^2/N of the random couplings J_{ij}, exhibits three regions: a normal\nparamagnetic (NP) phase, a spin glass (SG) phase and a pairing (PAIR) phase\nwhere there is formation of local pairs.The NP and PAIR phases are separated by\na second order transition line g=g_{c}(T) that ends at a tricritical point\nT_{3}=0.9807J, g_{3}=5,8843J, from where it becomes a first order transition\nline that meets the line of second order transitions at T_{c}=0.9570J that\nseparates the NP and the SG phases. For T<T_{c} the SG phase is separated from\nthe PAIR phase by a line of first order transitions.\n  These results agree qualitatively with experimental data in\nGd_{x}Th_{1-x}RU_{2}.",
        "positive": "Strong Mobility in Weakly Disordered Systems: We study transport of interacting particles in weakly disordered media. Our\none-dimensional system includes (i) disorder: the hopping rate governing the\nmovement of a particle between two neighboring lattice sites is inhomogeneous,\nand (ii) hard core interaction: the maximum occupancy at each site is one\nparticle. We find that over a substantial regime, the root-mean-square\ndisplacement of a particle, sigma, grows super-diffusively with time t, sigma ~\n(epsilon t)^{2/3}, where epsilon is the disorder strength. Without disorder the\nparticle displacement is sub-diffusive, sigma ~ t^{1/4}, and therefore disorder\ndramatically enhances particle mobility. We explain this effect using scaling\narguments, and verify the theoretical predictions through numerical\nsimulations. Also, the simulations show that disorder generally leads to\nstronger mobility."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topology of Collisionless Relaxation: Using extensive molecular dynamics simulations we explore the fine-grained\nphase space structure of systems with long-range interactions. We find that if\nthe initial phase space particle distribution has no holes, the final\nstationary distribution will also contain a compact simply connected region.\nThe microscopic holes created by the filamentation of the initial distribution\nfunction are always restricted to the outer regions of the phase space. In\ngeneral, for complex multilevel distributions it is very difficult to a priori\npredict the final stationary state without solving the full dynamical\nevolution. However, we show that for multilevel initial distributions\nsatisfying a generalized virial condition, it is possible to predict the\nparticle distribution in the final stationary state using Casimir invariants of\nthe Vlasov dynamics.",
        "positive": "Two-point correlation function in systems with van der Waals type\n  interaction: The behavior of the bulk two-point correlation function $G({\\bf r};T|d)$ in\n$d$-dimensional system with van der Waals type interactions is investigated and\nits consequences on the finite-size scaling properties of the susceptibility in\nsuch finite systems with periodic boundary conditions is discussed within\nmean-spherical model which is an example of Ornstein and Zernike type theory.\nThe interaction is supposed to decay at large distances $r$ as\n$r^{-(d+\\sigma)}$, with $2<d<4$, $2<\\sigma<4$ and $d+\\sigma \\le 6$. It is shown\nthat $G({\\bf r};T|d)$ decays as $r^{-(d-2)}$ for $1\\ll r\\ll \\xi$, exponentially\nfor $\\xi\\ll r \\ll r^*$, where $r^*=(\\sigma-2)\\xi \\ln \\xi$, and again in a power\nlaw as $r^{-(d+\\sigma)}$ for $r\\gg r^*$. The analytical form of the\nleading-order scaling function of $G({\\bf r};T|d)$ in any of these regimes is\nderived."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A thermostat algorithm generating target ensembles: We present a deterministic algorithm called contact density dynamics that\ngenerates any prescribed target distribution in the physical phase space. Akin\nto the famous model of Nos\\'e-Hoover, our algorithm is based on a\nnon-Hamiltonian system in an extended phase space. However the equations of\nmotion in our case follow from contact geometry and we show that in general\nthey have a similar form to those of the so-called density dynamics algorithm.\nAs a prototypical example, we apply our algorithm to produce Gibbs canonical\ndistribution for a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator.",
        "positive": "Vibration-induced granular segregation: a phenomenon driven by three\n  mechanisms: The segregation of large spheres in a granular bed under vertical vibrations\nis studied. In our experiments we systematically measure rise times as a\nfunction of density, diameter and depth; for two different sinusoidal\nexcitations. The measurements reveal that: at low frequencies, inertia and\nconvection are the only mechanisms behind segregation. Inertia (convection)\ndominates when the relative density is greater (less) than one. At high\nfrequencies, where convection is suppressed, fluidization of the granular bed\ncauses either buoyancy or sinkage and segregation occurs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations of internal energy flow in a vibrated granular gas: The non-equilibrium fluctuations of power flux in a fluidized granular media\nhave been recently measured in an experiment [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 164301,\n2004], which was announced to be a verification of the Fluctuation Relation\n(FR) by Gallavotti and Cohen. An effective temperature was also identified and\nproposed to be a useful probe for such non equilibrium systems. We explain\nthese results in terms of a two temperature Poisson process. Within this model,\nsupported by independent Molecular Dynamics simulations, power flux\nfluctuations do not satisfy the FR and the nature of the effective temperature\nis clarified. In the pursue of a hypothetical global quantity fulfilling the\nFR, this points to the need of considering other candidates than the power\nflux.",
        "positive": "Free energies in the presence of electric and magnetic fields: We discuss different free energies for materials in static electric and\nmagnetic fields. We explain what the corresponding Hamiltonians are, and\ndescribe which choice gives rise to which result for the free energy change,\ndF, in the thermodynamic identity. We also discuss which Hamiltonian is the\nmost appropriate for calculations using statistical mechanics, as well as the\nrelationship between the various free energies and the \"Landau function\", which\nhas to be minimized to determine the equilibrium polarization or magnetization,\nand is central to Landau's theory of second order phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of double-stranded semi-flexible polymers: We study the statistical mechanics of double-stranded semi-flexible polymers\nusing both analytical techniques and simulation. We find a transition at some\nfinite temperature, from a type of short range order to a fundamentally\ndifferent sort of short range order. In the high temperature regime, the\n2-point correlation functions of the object are identical to worm-like chains,\nwhile in the low temperature regime they are different due to a twist\nstructure. In the low temperature phase, the polymers develop a kink-rod\nstructure which could clarify some recent puzzling experiments on actin.",
        "positive": "Exact results for one dimensional stochastic cellular automata for\n  different types of updates: We study two common types of time-noncontinuous updates for one dimensional\nstochastic cellular automata with arbitrary nearest neighbor interactions and\narbitrary open boundary conditions. We first construct the stationary states\nusing the matrix product formalism. This construction then allows to prove a\ngeneral connection between the stationary states which are produced by the two\ndifferent types of updates. Using this connection, we derive explicit relations\nbetween the densities and correlation functions for these different stationary\nstates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Population explosion suppressed by noise: Stationary distributions and\n  how to simulate them: We show that two dynamical systems exhibiting very different deterministic\nbehaviours possess very similar stationary distributions when stabilized by a\nmultiplicative Gaussian white noise. We also discuss practical aspects of\nnumerically simulating these systems. We show that there exists a noise level\nthat is optimal in the sense that the interval during which discrete-time\nversions of the systems remain physical is maximized. Analytical results are\nillustrated by numerical examples.",
        "positive": "A Pedestrian's Way to Baxter's Bethe Ansatz for the Periodic XYZ Chain: A chiral coordinate Bethe ansatz method is developed to study the periodic\nXYZ chain. We construct a set of chiral vectors with fixed number of kinks. All\nvectors are factorized and have simple structures. Under roots of unity\nconditions, the Hilbert space has an invariant subspace and our vectors form a\nbasis of this subspace. We propose a Bethe ansatz solely based on the action of\nthe Hamiltonian on the chiral vectors, avoiding the use of transfer matrix\ntechniques. This allows to parameterize the expansion coefficients and derive\nthe homogeneous Bethe ansatz equations whose solutions give the exact energies\nand eigenstates. Our analytic results agree with earlier approaches, notably by\nBaxter, and are supported by numerical calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "$1/f^\u03b1$ power spectrum in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality\n  class: The power spectrum of interface fluctuations in the $(1+1)$-dimensional\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class is studied both experimentally and\nnumerically. The $1/f^\\alpha$-type spectrum is found and characterized through\na set of \"critical exponents\" for the power spectrum. The recently formulated\n\"aging Wiener-Khinchin theorem\" accounts for the observed exponents.\nInterestingly, the $1/f^\\alpha$ spectrum in the KPZ class turns out to contain\ninformation on a universal distribution function characterizing the asymptotic\nstate of the KPZ interfaces, namely the Baik-Rains universal variance. It is\nindeed observed in the presented data, both experimental and numerical, and for\nboth circular and flat interfaces, in the long time limit.",
        "positive": "Influence of probability density function of the passage time in the\n  method of non-equilibrium statistical operator on non-equilibrium properties\n  of the system: A family of non-equilibrium statistical operators (NSO) is introduced which\ndiffer by the system lifetime distribution over which the quasi-equilibrium\n(relevant) distribution is averaged. This changes the form of the source in the\nLiouville equation, as well as the expressions for the kinetic coefficients,\naverage fluxes, and kinetic equations obtained with use of NSO. It is possible\nto choose a class of lifetime distributions for which thermodynamic limiting\ntransition and to tend to infinity of average lifetime of system is reduced to\nthe result received at exponential distribution for lifetime, used by Zubarev.\nHowever there is also other extensive class of realistic distributions of\nlifetime of system for which and after to approach to infinity of average\nlifetime of system non-equilibrium properties essentially change. For some\ndistributions the effect of \"finite memory\" when only the limited interval of\nthe past influence on behaviour of system is observed. It is shown, how it is\npossible to spend specification the description of effects of memory within the\nlimits of NSO method, more detailed account of influence on evolution of system\nof quickly varying variables through the specified and expanded form of density\nof function of distribution of lifetime. The account of character of history of\nthe system, features of its behaviour in the past, can have substantial\ninfluence on non-equilibrium conduct of the system in a present moment time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical phase transition of a one-dimensional kinetic Ising model with\n  boundaries: The Glauber model on a one-dimensional lattice with boundaries (for the\nferromagnetic- and anti-ferromagnetic case) is considered. The large-time\nbehaviour of the one-point function is studied. It is shown that, for any\npositive temperature, the system shows a dynamical phase transition. The\ndynamical phase transition is controlled by the rate of spin flip at the\nboundaries, and is a discontiuous change of the derivative of the relaxation\ntime towards the stationary configuration.",
        "positive": "Is there a tensionless Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class above one\n  dimension? An Ising model approach: The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation is a paradigm of generic scale\ninvariance, for which it represents a conspicuous universality class. Recently,\nthe tensionless case of this equation has been shown to provide a different\nuniversality class by itself. This class describes the -- intrinsically\nanomalous -- scaling of one-dimensional (1D) fronts for several physical\nsystems that feature ballistic dynamics. In this work, we show that the\nevolution of certain 1D fronts defined for a 2D Ising system also belongs to\nthe tensionless KPZ universality class. Nevertheless, the Ising fronts exhibit\nmultiscaling, at variance with the continuous equation. The discrete nature of\nthese fronts provides an alternative approach to assess the dynamics for the 2D\nfront case (for a 3D Ising system), since the direct integration of the\ntensionless KPZ equation blows up in this case. In spite of the agreement\nbetween the 1D scaling of the Ising fronts and the tensionless KPZ equation,\nthe fluctuation statistics in 1D and the full behavior in 2D are strongly\nconditioned by boundary effects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of large deviations in the hydrodynamic limit: Non-interacting\n  systems: We study the dynamics of the statistics of the energy transferred across a\npoint along a quantum chain which is prepared in the inhomogeneous initial\nstate obtained by joining two identical semi-infinite parts thermalized at two\ndifferent temperatures. In particular, we consider the transverse field Ising\nand harmonic chains as prototypical models of non-interacting fermionic and\nbosonic excitations, respectively. Within the so-called hydrodynamic limit of\nlarge space-time scales we first discuss the mean values of the energy density\nand current, and then, aiming at the statistics of fluctuations, we calculate\nexactly the scaled cumulant generating function of the transferred energy. From\nthe latter, the evolution of the associated large deviation function is\nobtained. A natural interpretation of our results is provided in terms of a\nsemi-classical picture of quasi-particles moving ballistically along classical\ntrajectories. Similarities and differences between the transferred energy\nscaled cumulant and the large deviation functions in the cases of\nnon-interacting fermions and bosons are discussed.",
        "positive": "Effective field theory analysis of 3D random field Ising model on\n  isometric lattices: Ising model with quenched random magnetic fields is examined for single\nGaussian, bimodal and double Gaussian random field distributions by introducing\nan effective field approximation that takes into account the correlations\nbetween different spins that emerge when expanding the identities. Random field\ndistribution shape dependencies of the phase diagrams and magnetization curves\nare investigated for simple cubic, body centered and face centered cubic\nlattices. The conditions for the occurrence of reentrant behavior and\ntricritical points on the system are also discussed in detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transitions of Cellular Automata: We explore some aspects of phase transitions in cellular automata. We start\nrecalling the standard formulation of statistical mechanics of discrete systems\n(Ising model), illustrating the Monte Carlo approach as Markov chains and\nstochastic processes. We then formulate the cellular automaton problem using\nsimple models, and illustrate different types of possible phase transitions:\ndensity phase transitions of first and second order, damage spreading, dilution\nof deterministic rules, asynchronism-induced transitions, synchronization\nphenomena, chaotic phase transitions and the influence of the topology. We\nillustrate the improved mean-field techniques and the phenomenological\nrenormalization group approach.",
        "positive": "Transport in one dimensional Coulomb gases: From ion channels to\n  nanopores: We consider a class of systems where, due to the large mismatch of dielectric\nconstants, the Coulomb interaction is approximately one-dimensional. Examples\ninclude ion channels in lipid membranes and water filled nanopores in silicon\nor cellulose acetate films. Charge transport across such systems possesses the\nactivation behavior associated with the large electrostatic self-energy of a\ncharge placed inside the channel. We show here that the activation barrier\nexhibits non-trivial dependence on the salt concentration in the surrounding\nwater solution and on the length and radius of the channel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Demon in the machine: learning to extract work and absorb entropy from\n  fluctuating nanosystems: We use Monte Carlo and genetic algorithms to train neural-network\nfeedback-control protocols for simulated fluctuating nanosystems. These\nprotocols convert the information obtained by the feedback process into heat or\nwork, allowing the extraction of work from a colloidal particle pulled by an\noptical trap and the absorption of entropy by an Ising model undergoing\nmagnetization reversal. The learning framework requires no prior knowledge of\nthe system, depends only upon measurements that are accessible experimentally,\nand scales to systems of considerable complexity. It could be used in the\nlaboratory to learn protocols for fluctuating nanosystems that convert\nmeasurement information into stored work or heat.",
        "positive": "Stochastic perturbations to dynamical systems: a response theory\n  approach: We study the impact of stochastic perturbations to deterministic dynamical\nsystems using the formalism of the Ruelle response theory and explore how\nstochastic noise can be used to explore the properties of the underlying\ndeterministic dynamics of a system. We find the expression for the change in\nthe expectation value of a general observable when a white noise forcing is\nintroduced in the system, both in the case of additive and multiplicative\nnoise. We also show that the difference between the expectation value of the\npower spectrum of an observable in the stochastically perturbed case and of the\nsame observable in the unperturbed case is equal to the variance of the noise\ntimes the square of the modulus of the susceptibility describing the\nfrequency-dependent response of the system to perturbations with the same\nspatial patterns as the considered stochastic forcing. Using Kramers-Kronig\ntheory, it is then possible to derive the susceptibility and thus deduce the\nGreen function of the system for any desired observable. We then extend our\nresults to rather general patterns of random forcing, from the case of several\nwhite noise forcings, to noise terms with memory, up to the case of a\nspace-time random field. Explicit formulas are provided for each relevant case.\nAs a general result, we find, using an argument of positive-definiteness, that\nthe power spectrum of the stochastically perturbed system is larger at all\nfrequencies than the power spectrum of the unperturbed system. We provide a\nexample of application of our results by considering the Lorenz 96 model. These\nresults clarify the property of stochastic stability of SRB measures in Axiom A\nflows, provide tools for analysing stochastic parameterisations and related\nclosure ansatz to be implemented in modelling studies, and introduce new ways\nto study the response of a system to external perturbations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Brownian Motion in an Ideal Quantum Qas: A Brownian particle in an ideal quantum gas is considered. The mean square\ndisplacement (MSD) is derived. The Bose-Einstein or Fermi-Dirac distribution,\nother than the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, provides a different stochastic\nforce compared with the classical Brownian motion. The MSD, which depends on\nthe thermal wavelength and the density of medium particles, reflects the\nquantum effect on the Brownian particle explicitly. The result shows that the\nMSD in an ideal Bose gas is shorter than that in a Fermi gas. The behavior of\nthe quantum Brownian particle recovers the classical Brownian particle as the\ntemperature raises. At low temperatures, the quantum effect becomes obvious.\nFor example, there is a random motion of the Brownian particle due to the\nfermionic exchange interaction even the temperature is near the absolute zero.",
        "positive": "Invaded cluster algorithm for critical properties of periodic and\n  aperiodic planar Ising models: We demonstrate that the invaded cluster algorithm, recently introduced by\nMachta et al, is a fast and reliable tool for determining the critical\ntemperature and the magnetic critical exponent of periodic and aperiodic\nferromagnetic Ising models in two dimensions. The algorithm is shown to\nreproduce the known values of the critical temperature on various periodic and\nquasiperiodic graphs with an accuracy of more than three significant digits. On\ntwo quasiperiodic graphs which were not investigated in this respect before,\nthe twelvefold symmetric square-triangle tiling and the tenfold symmetric\nT\\\"ubingen triangle tiling, we determine the critical temperature. Furthermore,\na generalization of the algorithm to non-identical coupling strengths is\npresented and applied to a class of Ising models on the Labyrinth tiling. For\ngeneric cases in which the heuristic Harris-Luck criterion predicts deviations\nfrom the Onsager universality class, we find a magnetic critical exponent\ndifferent from the Onsager value. But also notable exceptions to the criterion\nare found which consist not only of the exactly solvable cases, in agreement\nwith a recent exact result, but also of the self-dual ones and maybe more."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A robust transition to homochirality in complex chemical reaction\n  networks: Homochirality, i.e. the dominance across all living matter of one enantiomer\nover the other among chiral molecules, is thought to be a key step in the\nemergence of life. Building on ideas put forward by Frank and many others, we\nproposed recently one such mechanism in G. Laurent et al., PNAS (2021) based on\nthe properties of large out of equilibrium chemical networks. We showed that in\nsuch networks, a phase transition towards an homochiral state is likely to\noccur as the number of chiral species in the system becomes large or as the\namount of free energy injected into the system increases. This paper aims at\nclarifying some important points in that scenario, not covered by our previous\nwork. We first analyze the various conventions used to measure chirality,\nintroduce the notion of chiral symmetry of a network, and study its\nimplications regarding the relative chiral signs adopted by different groups of\nmolecules. We then propose a generalization of Frank's model for large chemical\nnetworks, which we characterize completely using methods of random matrices.\nThis analysis can be extended to sparse networks, which shows that the\nemergence of homochirality is a robust transition.",
        "positive": "Mean field approach for diffusion of interacting particles: A nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation is obtained in the continuous limit of a\none-dimensional lattice with an energy landscape of wells and barriers.\nInteraction is possible among particles in the same energy well. A parameter\n$\\gamma$, related to the barrier's heights, is introduced. Its value is\ndeterminant for the functional dependence of the mobility and diffusion\ncoefficient on particle concentration, but has no influence on the equilibrium\nsolution. A relation between the mean field potential and the microscopic\ninteraction energy is derived. The results are illustrated with classical\nparticles with interactions that reproduce fermion and boson statistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low-lying magnon excitations in integer-spin ladders and tubes: We consider low-energy excitation structures of N-leg integer-spin ladder and\ntube systems with an antiferromagnetic (AF) intrachain coupling and a uniform\nexternal field. The tube means the ladder with the periodic boundary condition\nalong the interchain (rung) direction. Odd-leg AF-rung tubes have the\nfrustration. In order to analyze all systems including frustrated tubes, we\napply a field-theoretical method based on the nonlinear sigma model. We mainly\nfocus on the systems without any external fields. In this case, it is shown\nthat the lowest bands of frustrated tubes always consist of six-fold degenerate\nmagnon excitations, while those of all other systems are triply degenerate.\nThis result implies that the ground states of frustrated tubes (all\nnon-frustrated systems) become a two (one)-component Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid,\nwhen a sufficiently strong uniform field is applied.",
        "positive": "Twisted Quantum Affine Superalgebra $U_q[sl(2|2)^{(2)}]$,\n  $U_q[osp(2|2)]$ Invariant R-matrices and a New Integrable Electronic Model: We describe the twisted affine superalgebra $sl(2|2)^{(2)}$ and its quantized\nversion $U_q[sl(2|2)^{(2)}]$. We investigate the tensor product representation\nof the 4-dimensional grade star representation for the fixed point\nsubsuperalgebra $U_q[osp(2|2)]$. We work out the tensor product decomposition\nexplicitly and find the decomposition is not completely reducible. Associated\nwith this 4-dimensional grade star representation we derive two $U_q[osp(2|2)]$\ninvariant R-matrices: one of them corresponds to $U_q[sl(2|2)^{(2)}]$ and the\nother to $U_q[osp(2|2)^{(1)}]$. Using the R-matrix for $U_q[sl(2|2)^{(2)}]$, we\nconstruct a new $U_q[osp(2|2)]$ invariant strongly correlated electronic model,\nwhich is integrable in one dimension. Interestingly, this model reduces, in the\n$q=1$ limit, to the one proposed by Essler et al which has a larger, $sl(2|2)$,\nsymmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slowly Divergent Drift in the Field-Driven Lorentz Gas: The dynamics of a point charged particle which is driven by a uniform\nexternal electric field and moves in a medium of elastic scatterers is\ninvestigated. Using rudimentary approaches, we reproduce, in one dimension, the\nknown results that the typical speed grows with time as t^{1/3} and that the\nleading behavior of the velocity distribution is exp(-|v|^3/t). In spatial\ndimension d>1, we develop an effective medium theory which provides a simple\nand comprehensive description for the motion of a test particle. This approach\npredicts that the typical speed grows as t^{1/3} for all d, while the speed\ndistribution is given by the scaling form P(u,t)=<u>^{-1}f(u/<u>), where\nu=|v|^{3/2}, <u>~t^{1/2}, and f(z) is proportional to z^{(d-1)/3}exp(-z^2/2).\nFor a periodic Lorentz gas with an infinite horizon, e. g., for a hypercubic\nlattice of scatters, a logarithmic correction to the effective medium result is\npredicted; in particular, the typical speed grows as (t ln t)^{1/3}.",
        "positive": "Advanced Thermostats for Molecular Dynamics: Advanced thermostats for molecular dynamics are proposed on the base of the\nrigorous Langevin dynamics. Because the latter accounts for the subsystem-bath\ninteractions in details, the bath anisotropy and nonuniformity are described\nvia the relevant friction tensor. The developed model reflects properly the\nrelativistic dynamics of the subsystem evolution as well as the nonlinear\nfriction, which can occur for fast particles with large momenta at elevated\ntemperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coherence, entanglement and quantumness in closed and open systems with\n  conserved charge, with an application to many-body localisation: While the scaling of entanglement in a quantum system can be used to\ndistinguish many-body quantum phases, it is usually hard to quantify the amount\nof entanglement in mixed states of open quantum systems, while measuring\nentanglement experimentally, even for the closed systems, requires in general\nquantum state tomography. In this work we show how to remedy this situation in\nsystem with a fixed or conserved charge, e.g., density or magnetization, due to\nan emerging relation between quantum correlations and coherence. First, we show\nhow, in these cases, the presence of multipartite entanglement or quantumness\ncan be faithfully witnessed simply by detecting coherence in the quantum\nsystem, while bipartite entanglement or bipartite quantum discord are implied\nby asymmetry (block coherence) in the system. Second, we prove that the\nrelation between quantum correlations and coherence is also quantitative.\nNamely, we establish upper and lower bounds on the amount of multipartite and\nbipartite entanglement in a many-body system with a fixed local charge, in\nterms of the amount of coherence and asymmetry present in the system.\nImportantly, both for pure and mixed quantum states, these bounds are expressed\nas closed formulas, and furthermore, for bipartite entanglement, are\nexperimentally accessible by means of the multiple quantum coherence spectra.\nIn particular, in one-dimensional systems, our bounds may detect breaking of\nthe area law of entanglement entropy. We illustrate our results on the example\nof a many-body localized system, also in the presence of dephasing.",
        "positive": "Response of quantum pure states: The response of a quantum system in a pure state to an external force is\ninvestigated by reconsidering the standard statistical approach to quantum\ndynamics on the light of the statistical description of equilibrium based on\ntypicality. We prove that the response of the large majority of quantum pure\nstates subjected to the same arbitrary external perturbation tends to be close\nto the statistical response as the dimension of the Hilbert space increases.\nThis is what we can term dynamical typicality. The theoretical analysis is\nsubstantiated by numerical simulations of the response of a spin system to a\nsudden quench of the external magnetic field. For the considered system we show\nthat not only the system relaxes toward a new equilibrium state after the\nquench of the Hamiltonian but also that such a new equilibrium is compatible\nwith the description of a thermal equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic scaling at classical phase transitions approached through\n  non-equilibrium quenching: We use Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate generic scaling aspects of\nclassical phase transitions approached through a quench (or annealing) protocol\nwhere the temperature changes as a function of time with velocity $v$. Using a\ngeneralized Kibble-Zurek ansatz, we demonstrate dynamic scaling for different\ntypes of stochastic dynamics (Metropolis, Swendsen-Wang, and Wolff) on Ising\nmodels in two and higher dimensions. We show that there are dual scaling\nfunctions governing the dynamic scaling, which together describe the scaling\nbehavior in the entire velocity range $v \\in [0, \\infty)$. These functions have\nasymptotics corresponding to the adiabatic and diabatic limit, and close to\nthese limits they are perturbative in $v$ and $1/v$, respectively. Away from\ntheir perturbative domains, both functions cross over into the same universal\npower-law scaling form governed by the static and dynamic critical exponents\n(as well as an exponent characterizing the quench protocol). As a by-product of\nthe scaling studies, we obtain high-precision estimates of the dynamic exponent\n$z$ for the two-dimensional Ising model subject to the three variants of Monte\nCarlo dynamics; for single-spin Metropolis updates $z_M=2.1767(5)$, for\nSwendsen-Wang multi-cluster updates $z_{\\rm SW}=0.297(3)$, and for Wolff\nsingle-cluster updates $z_{W}=0.30(2)$. For Wolff dynamics, we find an\ninteresting behavior with a non-analytic break-down of the quasi-adiabatic and\ndiabatic scaling, instead of the generic smooth cross-over described by a power\nlaw. We interpret this disconnect between the two scaling regimes as a dynamic\nphase transition of the Wolff algorithm, caused by an effective sudden loss of\nergodicity at high velocity.",
        "positive": "Lifted Worm Algorithm for the Ising Model: We design an irreversible worm algorithm for the zero-field ferromagnetic\nIsing model by using the lifting technique. We study the dynamic critical\nbehavior of an energy estimator on both the complete graph and toroidal grids,\nand compare our findings with reversible algorithms such as the\nProkof'ev-Svistunov worm algorithm. Our results show that the lifted worm\nalgorithm improves the dynamic exponent of the energy estimator on the complete\ngraph, and leads to a significant constant improvement on toroidal grids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical fluctuations of a tracer coupled to active and passive\n  particles: We study the induced dynamics of an inertial tracer particle elastically\ncoupled to passive or active Brownian particles. We integrate out the\nenvironment degrees of freedom to obtain generalized Langevin equation for the\ntracer dynamics in both cases. In particular, we find the exact form of the\ndissipation kernel and effective noise experienced by the tracer and compare it\nwith the phenomenological modeling of active baths used in previous studies. We\nshow that the second fluctuation-dissipation relation (FDR) does not hold at\nearly times for both cases. However, at finite times, the tracer dynamics\nviolate (obeys) the FDR for the active (passive) environment. We calculate the\nlinear response formulas in this regime for both cases and show that the\npassive medium satisfies an equilibrium fluctuation response relation (FRR),\nwhile the active medium does not -- we quantify the extent of this violation\nexplicitly. We show that though the active medium generally renders a\nnonequilibrium description of the tracer, an effective equilibrium picture\nemerges asymptotically in the small activity limit of the medium. We also\ncalculate the mean squared velocity and mean squared displacement of the tracer\nand report how they vary with time.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic formulas for integer partitions within the approach of\n  microcanonical ensemble: The problem of integer partitions is addressed using the microcanonical\napproach which is based on the analogy between this problem in the number\ntheory and the calculation of microstates of a many-boson system. For ordinary\n(one-dimensional) partitions, the correction to the leading asymptotic is\nobtained. The estimate for the number of two-dimensional (plane) partitions\ncoincides with known asymptotic results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Level Statistics of Multispin-Coupling Models with First and Second\n  Order Phase Transitions: We consider self-dual transverse-field Ising spin chains with $m$-spin\ninteraction, where the phase transition is of second and first order, for m <=\n3 and m>3, respectively. We present a statistical analysis of the spectra of\nthe Hamiltonians on relatively large L <= 18 finite lattices. Outside the\ncritical point we found level repulsion close to the Wigner distribution and\nthe same rigidity as for the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble. At the transition\npoint the level statistics in the self-dual sector is shown to be the\nsuperposition of two independent Wigner distributions. This is explained by the\nexistence of an extra symmetry, which is connected to level crossing in the\nthermodynamic limit. Our study has given no evidence for the possible\nintegrability of the models for m>2, even at the transition point.",
        "positive": "Entanglement and its evolution after a quench in the presence of an\n  energy current: We study the Ising spin chain with a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction\nfocusing on the static and dynamic properties of the entanglement entropy,\nfollowing a quantum quench. We show that the effects of the additional\nanisotropic interaction on the phase diagram and on the dynamics of the system\nare captured by the properties of the entanglement entropy. In particular, the\nmodel provides a way to study the quench dynamics in a system with an energy\ncurrent. We consider quenches starting from an initial excited state of the\nIsing spin chain, and we analyze the effects of different initial conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic field induced symmetry breaking in nonequilibrium quantum\n  networks: We study the effect of an applied magnetic field on the nonequilibrium\ntransport properties of a general cubic quantum network described by a\ntight-binding Hamiltonian with specially designed couplings to the leads that\npreserve open-system symmetries. We demonstrate that the symmetry of open\nsystems can be manipulated by the direction of the magnetic field. Starting\nwith all the symmetries preserved in absence of a field, the anisotropic and\nisotropic fields systematically break the symmetries, influencing all\nnonequilibrium properties. For simple cubic systems, we are able to identify\nthe steady states that comprise of pure states, bath-dependent states\n(nonequilibrium steady states), and also nonphysical states. As an application,\nwe show numerically for large cubic networks that the symmetry breaking can\ncontrol nonequilibrium currents and that different environmental interactions\ncan lead to novel features which can be engineered in artificial super-lattices\nand cold atoms.",
        "positive": "Quantum Brownian motion and a theorem on fundamental 1/f noise: We consider quantum Hamiltonian systems composed of mutually interacting\n\"dynamical subsystem\" with one or several degrees of freedom and \"thermostat\"\nwith arbitrary many degrees of freedom, under assumptions that the interaction\nensures irreversible behavior of the dynamical subsystem, that is finite\ndiffusivities of its coordinates in thermodynamically equilibrium state and\nfinite drift velocities and mobilities in non-equilibrium steady state in\npresence of external driving forces. It is shown that, nevertheless, regardless\nof characteristics of the interaction, the diffusivity and mobility have no\ncertain values but instead vary from one observation to another and undergo\n1/f-type or flicker-type low-frequency fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model for compressible fluids: We present an energy-conserving multiple-relaxation-time finite difference\nlattice Boltzmann model for compressible flows. This model is based on a\n16-discrete-velocity model. The collision step is first calculated in the\nmoment space and then mapped back to the velocity space. The moment space and\ncorresponding transformation matrix are constructed according to the group\nrepresentation theory. Equilibria of the nonconserved moments are chosen\naccording to the need of recovering compressible Navier-Stokes equations\nthrough the Chapman-Enskog expansion. Numerical experiments showed that\ncompressible flows with strong shocks can be well simulated by the present\nmodel. The used benchmark tests include (i) shock tubes, such as the Sod, Lax,\nSjogreen, Colella explosion wave and collision of two strong shocks, (ii)\nregular and Mach shock reflections, and (iii) shock wave reaction on\ncylindrical bubble problems. The new model works for both low and high speeds\ncompressible flows. It contains more physical information and has better\nnumerical stability and accuracy than its single-relaxation-time version.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo simulation of metal deposition on foreign substrates: The deposition of a metal on a foreign substrate is studied by means of grand\ncanonical Monte Carlo simulations and a lattice-gas model with pair potential\ninteractions between nearest neighbors. The influence of temperature and\nsurface defects on adsorption isotherms and differential heat of adsorption is\nconsidered. The general trends can be explained in terms of the relative\ninteractions between adsorbate atoms and substrate atoms. The systems\nAg/Au(100), Ag/Pt(100), Au/Ag(100) and Pt/Ag(100) are analyzed as examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement propagation and typicality of measurements in the quantum\n  Kac ring: We study the time evolution of entanglement in a quantum version of the Kac\nring. Our model consists of two spin chains and quantum gates instead of the\nclassical markers. The gates take one qubit from each ring at a time as an\ninput and entangle them. Subsequently, one ring is rotated. This protocol\ncreates non-trivial entanglement between the two rings, which we measure by the\nentanglement entropy. The features of the entanglement evolution can best be\nunderstood by using knowledge about the behavior of an ensemble of classical\nKac rings. For instance, the recurrence time of this quantum many-body system\nis twice the length of the chain and \"thermalization\" only occurs on time\nscales much smaller than the dimension of the Hilbert space. The model thus\nelucidates the relation between distribution of measurement results in quantum\nand classical systems: While in classical systems repeated measurements are\nperformed over an ensemble of systems, the corresponding result is obtained by\nmeasuring the same quantum system prepared in an appropriate superposition\nrepeatedly.",
        "positive": "Flow equations for Hamiltonians: Contrasting different approaches by\n  using a numerically solvable model: To contrast different generators for flow equations for Hamiltonians and to\ndiscuss the dependence of physical quantities on unitarily equivalent, but\neffectively different initial Hamiltonians, a numerically solvable model is\nconsidered which is structurally similar to impurity models. By this we discuss\nthe question of optimization for the first time. A general truncation scheme is\nestablished that produces good results for the Hamiltonian flow as well as for\nthe operator flow. Nevertheless, it is also pointed out that a systematic and\nfeasible scheme for the operator flow on the operator level is missing. For\nthis, an explicit analysis of the operator flow is given for the first time. We\nobserve that truncation of the series of the observable flow after the linear\nor bilinear terms does not yield satisfactory results for the entire parameter\nregime as - especially close to resonances - even high orders of the exact\nseries expansion carry considerable weight."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glassy timescale divergence and anomalous coarsening in a kinetically\n  constrained spin chain: We analyse the out of equilibrium behavior of an Ising spin chain with an\nasymmetric kinetic constraint after a quench to a low temperature T. In the\nlimit T\\to 0, we provide an exact solution of the resulting coarsening process.\nThe equilibration time exhibits a `glassy' divergence \\teq=\\exp(const/T^2)\n(popular as an alternative to the Vogel-Fulcher law), while the average domain\nlength grows with a temperature dependent exponent, \\dbar ~ t^{T\\ln 2}. We show\nthat the equilibration time \\teq also sets the timescale for the linear\nresponse of the system at low temperatures.",
        "positive": "Universality in Open Quantum Spin Chains with Non-Reciprocity: We investigate the impact of non-reciprocity on universality and critical\nphenomena in open quantum systems. Non-reciprocal open quantum systems often\nhave an exotic spectral sensitivity to boundary conditions, known as the\nLiouvillian skin effect (LSE). By considering an open quantum XXZ spin chain\nthat exhibits LSE, we demonstrate the existence of a universal scaling regime\nthat is not affected by the presence of the LSE. We resolve the critical\nexponents, which differ from those of free fermions, via tensor network methods\nand demonstrate that observables exhibit a universal scaling collapse,\nirrespective of the reciprocity. We find that the LSE only becomes relevant\nwhen a healing length scale $\\xi_{\\rm heal}$ at the system's edge (which is\ndifferent to the localization length of the eigenstate of the Liouvillian)\nexceeds the system size, allowing edge properties to dominate the physics. We\nexpect this result to be a generic feature of non-reciprocal models in the\nvicinity of a critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution for a diffusive nonequilibrium steady state of an open\n  quantum chain: We calculate a nonequilibrium steady state of a quantum XX chain in the\npresence of dephasing and driving due to baths at chain ends. The obtained\nstate is exact in the limit of weak driving while the expressions for one- and\ntwo-point correlations are exact for an arbitrary driving strength. In the\nsteady state the magnetization profile and the spin current display diffusive\nbehavior. Spin-spin correlation function on the other hand has long-range\ncorrelations which though decay to zero in either the thermodynamical limit or\nfor equilibrium driving. At zero dephasing a nonequilibrium phase transition\noccurs from a ballistic transport having short-range correlations to a\ndiffusive transport with long-range correlations.",
        "positive": "Elastic moduli, dislocation core energy and melting of hard disks in two\n  dimensions: Elastic moduli and dislocation core energy of the triangular solid of hard\ndisks of diameter $\\sigma$ are obtained in the limit of vanishing dislocation-\nantidislocation pair density, from Monte Carlo simulations which incorporates a\nconstraint, namely that all moves altering the local connectivity away from\nthat of the ideal triangular lattice are rejected. In this limit, we show that\nthe solid is stable against all other fluctuations at least upto densities as\nlow as $\\rho \\sigma^2 = 0.88$. Our system does not show any phase transition so\ndiverging correlation lengths leading to finite size effects and slow\nrelaxations do not exist. The dislocation pair formation probability is\nestimated from the fraction of moves rejected due to the constraint which\nyields, in turn, the core energy E_c and the (bare) dislocation fugacity y.\nUsing these quantities, we check the relative validity of first order and\nKosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young (KTHNY) melting scenarios and obtain\nnumerical estimates of the typical expected transition densities and pressures.\nWe conclude that a KTHNY transition from the solid to a hexatic phase preempts\nthe solid to liquid first order transition in this system albeit by a very\nsmall margin, easily masked by crossover effects in unconstrained\n``brute-force'' simulations with small number of particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards a better understanding of granular flows: Understanding the transport of particles immersed in a carrier fluid (bedload\ntransport) is still an exciting challenge. Among the different types of\ngas-solid flows, when the dynamics of solid particles is essentially dominated\nby collisions between them, kinetic theory can be considered as a reliable tool\nto derive continuum approaches from a fundamental point of view. In a recent\npaper, Chassagne et al. [J. Fluid Mech. 964, A27, (2023)] have proposed a\ntwo-fluid model based on modifications to a classical kinetic theory model.\nFirst, in contrast to the classical model, the model proposed by Chassagne et\nal. (2023) takes into account the interparticle friction not only in the radial\ndistribution function but also through an effective restitution coefficient in\nthe rate of dissipation term of granular temperature. As a second modification,\nat the top of the bed where the volume fraction is quite small, the model\naccounts for the saltation regime in the continuum framework. The theoretical\nresults derived from the model agree with discrete simulations for moderate and\nhigh densities and they are also consistent with experiments. Thus, the model\nproposed by Chassagne et al. (2023) helps to a better understanding on the\ncombined impact of friction and inelasticity on the macroscopic properties of\ngranular flows.",
        "positive": "Statics and dynamics of a one-dimensional quantum many-body system: The macroscopic zero-temperature behavior of weakly- incommensurate systems\nin one dimension is described in terms of solitons. The soliton density n obeys\nequations displaying several types of singular interface-like solutions: (i)\nequilibrium or moving boundary between the n = 0 and finite n regions, and (ii)\nstationary or moving annihilation front separating solitons from antisolitons."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A compromised arrow of time: The second law of thermodynamics - the usual statement of the arrow of time -\nhas been called the most fundamental law of physics. It is thus difficult to\nconceive that a single dynamical system could contain subsystems, in\nsignificant mutual contact, possessing opposite thermodynamic arrows of time.\nBy examining cosmological justification for the usual arrow it is found that a\nconsistent way to establish such justification is by giving symmetric boundary\nconditions at two (cosmologically remote) times and seeking directional\nbehavior in between. Once this has been demonstrated, it is seen that entropy\nincrease can be reversed and that the usual arrow is less totalitarian than\npreviously believed. In the same vein, other boundary conditions, modeling\nshorter periods in the evolution of the cosmos, can be found that allow the\nsimultaneous existence of two thermodynamic arrows, notwithstanding moderate\ninteraction between the systems possessing those arrows. Physical consequences\nof the existence and detection of opposite-arrow regions are also considered.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of a ferromagnetic domain wall: avalanches, depinning\n  transition and the Barkhausen effect: We study the dynamics of a ferromagnetic domain wall driven by an external\nmagnetic field through a disordered medium. The avalanche-like motion of the\ndomain walls between pinned configurations produces a noise known as the\nBarkhausen effect. We discuss experimental results on soft ferromagnetic\nmaterials, with reference to the domain structure and the sample geometry, and\nreport Barkhausen noise measurements on Fe$_{21}$Co$_{64}$B$_{15}$ amorphous\nalloy. We construct an equation of motion for a flexible domain wall, which\ndisplays a depinning transition as the field is increased. The long-range\ndipolar interactions are shown to set the upper critical dimension to $d_c=3$,\nwhich implies that mean-field exponents (with possible logarithmic correction)\nare expected to describe the Barkhausen effect. We introduce a mean-field\ninfinite-range model and show that it is equivalent to a previously introduced\nsingle-degree-of-freedom model, known to reproduce several experimental\nresults. We numerically simulate the equation in $d=3$, confirming the\ntheoretical predictions. We compute the avalanche distributions as a function\nof the field driving rate and the intensity of the demagnetizing field. The\nscaling exponents change linearly with the driving rate, while the cutoff of\nthe distribution is determined by the demagnetizing field, in remarkable\nagreement with experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ageing Properties of Critical Systems: In the past few years systems with slow dynamics have attracted considerable\ntheoretical and experimental interest. Ageing phenomena are observed during\nthis ever-lasting non-equilibrium evolution. A simple instance of such a\nbehaviour is provided by the dynamics that takes place when a system is\nquenched from its high-temperature phase to the critical point. The aim of this\nreview is to summarize the various numerical and analytical results that have\nbeen recently obtained for this case. Particular emphasis is put to the\nfield-theoretical methods that can be used to provide analytical predictions\nfor the relevant dynamical quantities. Fluctuation-dissipation relations are\ndiscussed and in particular the concept of fluctuation-dissipation ratio (FDR)\nis reviewed, emphasizing its connection with the definition of a possible\neffective temperature. The Renormalization-Group approach to critical dynamics\nis summarized and the scaling forms of the time-dependent non-equilibrium\ncorrelation and response functions of a generic observable are discussed. From\nthem the universality of the associated FDR follows as an amplitude ratio. It\nis then possible to provide predictions for ageing quantities in a variety of\ndifferent models. In particular the results for Model A, B, and C dynamics of\nthe O(N) Ginzburg-Landau Hamiltonian, and Model A dynamics of the weakly dilute\nIsing magnet and of a \\phi^3 theory, are reviewed and compared with the\navailable numerical results and exact solutions. The effect of a planar surface\non the ageing behaviour of Model A dynamics is also addressed within the\nmean-field approximation.",
        "positive": "Stationary time correlations for fermions after a quench in the presence\n  of an impurity: We consider the quench dynamics of non-interacting fermions in one dimension\nin the presence of a finite-size impurity at the origin. This impurity is\ncharacterized by general momentum-dependent reflection and transmission\ncoefficients which are changed from ${\\sf r}_0(k), {\\sf t}_0(k)$ to ${\\sf\nr}(k), {\\sf t}(k)$ at time $t=0$. The initial state is at equilibrium with\n${\\sf t}_0(k)=0$ such that the system is cut in two independent halves with\n${\\sf r}_0^R(k)$, ${\\sf r}_0^L(k)$ respectively to the right and to the left of\nthe impurity. We obtain the exact large time limit of the multi-time\ncorrelations. These correlations become time translationally invariant, and are\nnon-zero in two different regimes: (i) for $x=O(1)$ where the system reaches a\nnon-equilibrium steady state (NESS) (ii) for $x \\sim t$, i.e., the ray-regime.\nFor a repulsive impurity these correlations are independent of ${\\sf\nr}_0^R(k)$, ${\\sf r}_0^L(k)$, while in the presence of bound states they\noscillate and memory effects persist. We show that these nontrivial\nrelaxational properties can be retrieved in a simple manner from the large time\nbehaviour of the single particle wave functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local magnetic structure due to inhomogeneity of interaction in S=1/2\n  antiferromagnetic chain: We study the magnetic properties of $S=1/2$ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg\nchains with inhomogeneity of interaction. Using a quantum Monte Carlo method\nand an exact diagonalization method, we study bond-impurity effect in the\nuniform $S=1/2$ chain and also in the bond-alternating chain. Here `bond\nimpurity' means a bond with strength different from those in the bulk or a\ndefect in the alternating order. Local magnetic structures induced by bond\nimpurities are investigated both in the ground state and at finite\ntemperatures, calculating the local magnetization, the local susceptibility and\nthe local field susceptibility. We also investigate the force acting between\nbond impurities and find the force generally attractive.",
        "positive": "Diffusion Phenomena in a Mixed Phase Space: We show that, in strongly chaotic dynamical systems, the average particle\nvelocity can be calculated analytically by consideration of Brownian dynamics\nin phase space, the method of images and use of the classical diffusion\nequation. The method is demonstrated on the simplified Fermi-Ulam accelerator\nmodel, which has a mixed phase space with chaotic seas, invariant tori and\nKolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) islands. The calculated average velocities agree\nwell with numerical simulations and with an earlier empirical theory. The\nprocedure can readily be extended to other systems including time-dependent\nbilliards."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium critical behavior of O(n)-symmetric systems: Effect of\n  reversible mode-coupling terms and dynamical anisotropy: Phase transitions in non-equilibrium steady states of O(n)-symmetric models\nwith reversible mode couplings are studied using dynamic field theory and the\nrenormalization group. The systems are driven out of equilibrium by dynamical\nanisotropy in the noise for the conserved quantities, i.e., by constraining\ntheir diffusive dynamics to be at different temperatures T^\\par and T^\\perp in\nd_\\par- and d_\\perp-dimensional subspaces, respectively. In the case of the\nSasv'ari-Schwabl-Sz'epfalusy (SSS) model for planar ferro- and isotropic\nantiferromagnets, we assume a dynamical anisotropy in the noise for the\nnon-critical conserved quantities that are dynamically coupled to the\nnon-conserved order parameter. We find the equilibrium fixed point (with\nisotropic noise) to be stable with respect to these non-equilibrium\nperturbations, and the familiar equilibrium exponents therefore describe the\nasymptotic static and dynamic critical behavior. Novel critical features are\nonly found in extreme limits, where the ratio of the effective noise\ntemperatures T^\\par/T^\\perp is either zero or infinite. On the other hand, for\nmodel J for isotropic ferromagnets with a conserved order parameter, the\ndynamical noise anisotropy induces effective long-range elastic forces, which\nlead to a softening only of the d_\\perp-dimensional sector in wavevector space\nwith lower noise temperature T^\\perp < T^\\par. The ensuing static and dynamic\ncritical behavior is described by power laws of a hitherto unidentified\nuniversality class, which, however, is not accessible by perturbational means\nfor d_\\par \\geq 1. We obtain formal expressions for the novel critical\nexponents in a double expansion about the static and dynamic upper critical\ndimensions and d_\\par, i.e., about the equilibrium theory.",
        "positive": "Time-resolved statistics of snippets as general framework for model-free\n  entropy estimators: Irreversibility is commonly quantified by entropy production. An external\nobserver can estimate it through measuring an observable that is antisymmetric\nunder time-reversal like a current. We introduce a general framework that,\ninter alia, allows us to infer a lower bound on entropy production through\nmeasuring the time-resolved statistics of events with any symmetry under\ntime-reversal, in particular, time-symmetric instantaneous events. We emphasize\nMarkovianity as a property of certain events rather than of the full system and\nintroduce an operationally accessible criterion for this weakened Markov\nproperty. Conceptually, the approach is based on snippets as particular\nsections of trajectories, for which a generalized detailed balance relation is\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Universality of Density and Disorder in Jammed Sphere Packings: We show for the first time that collectively jammed disordered packings of\nthree-dimensional monodisperse frictionless hard spheres can be produced and\ntuned using a novel numerical protocol with packing density $\\phi$ as low as\n0.6. This is well below the value of 0.64 associated with the maximally random\njammed state and entirely unrelated to the ill-defined ``random loose packing''\nstate density. Specifically, collectively jammed packings are generated with a\nvery narrow distribution centered at any density $\\phi$ over a wide density\nrange $\\phi \\in [0.6,~0.74048\\ldots]$ with variable disorder. Our results\nsupport the view that there is no universal jamming point that is\ndistinguishable based on the packing density and frequency of occurence. Our\njammed packings are mapped onto a density-order-metric plane, which provides a\nbroader characterization of packings than density alone. Other packing\ncharacteristics, such as the pair correlation function, average contact number\nand fraction of rattlers are quantified and discussed.",
        "positive": "Energy flows in vibrated granular media: We study vibrated granular media, investigating each of the three components\nof the energy flow: particle-particle dissipation, energy input at the\nvibrating wall, and particle-wall dissipation. Energy dissipated by\ninterparticle collisions is well estimated by existing theories when the\ngranular material is dilute, and these theories are extended to include\nrotational kinetic energy. When the granular material is dense, the observed\nparticle-particle dissipation rate decreases to as little as 2/5 of the\ntheoretical prediction. We observe that the rate of energy input is the weight\nof the granular material times an average vibration velocity times a function\nof the ratio of particle to vibration velocity. `Particle-wall' dissipation has\nbeen neglected in all theories up to now, but can play an important role when\nthe granular material is dilute. The ratio between gravitational potential\nenergy and kinetic energy can vary by as much as a factor of 3. Previous\nsimulations and experiments have shown that E ~ V^delta, with delta=2 for\ndilute granular material, and delta ~ 1.5 for dense granular material. We\nrelate this change in exponent to the departure of particle-particle\ndissipation from its theoretical value."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The kinetic and interaction energies of a trapped Bose gas: Beyond the\n  mean field: The kinetic and interaction energies of a three-dimensional dilute\nground-state Bose gas confined in a trap are calculated beyond a mean-field\ntreatment. They are found to depend on the pairwise interaction trough two\ncharacteristic lengths: the first, a, is the well-known scattering length and\nthe second, b, is related to the latter by b=a-\\lambda d a/d\\lambda with\n\\lambda being the coupling constant. Numerical estimations show that the\npairwise interaction energy of a dilute gas of alkali atoms in a trap is\nnegative (in spite of the positive scattering length); its absolute value is\nfound by about the order of magnitude larger than that of the mean-field\ninteraction energy that corresponds to the last term in the Gross-Pitaevskii\nfunctional.",
        "positive": "Diffusive transport without detailed balance in motile bacteria: Does\n  microbiology need statistical physics?: Microbiology is the science of microbes, particularly bacteria. Many bacteria\nare motile: they are capable of self-propulsion. Among these, a significant\nclass execute so-called run-and-tumble motion: they follow a fairly straight\npath for a certain distance, then abruptly change direction before repeating\nthe process. This dynamics has something in common with Brownian motion (it is\ndiffusive at large scales), and also something in contrast. Specifically,\nmotility parameters such as the run speed and tumble rate depend on the local\nenvironment and hence can vary in space. When they do so, even if a steady\nstate is reached, this is not generally invariant under time-reversal: the\nprinciple of detailed balance, which restores the microscopic time-reversal\nsymmetry of systems in thermal equilibrium, is mesoscopically absent in motile\nbacteria. This lack of detailed balance (allowed by the flux of chemical energy\nthat drives motility) creates pitfalls for the unwary modeller. Here I review\nsome statistical mechanical models for bacterial motility, presenting them as a\nparadigm for exploring diffusion without detailed balance. I also discuss the\nextent to which statistical physics is useful in understanding real or\npotential microbiological experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Hertz entropy increase in a quenched spin chain: The classical Hertz entropy is the logarithm of the volume of phase space\nbounded by the constant energy surface; its quantum counterpart, the quantum\nHertz entropy, is $\\hat S = k_B \\ln \\hat N$, where the quantum operator $\\hat\nN$ specifies the number of states with energy below a given energy eigenstate.\nIt has been recently proved that, when an isolated quantum mechanical system is\ndriven out of equilibrium by an external driving, the change in the expectation\nof its quantum Hertz entropy cannot be negative, and is null for adiabatic\ndriving. This is in full agreement with the Clausius principle. Here we test\nthe behavior of the expectation of the quantum Hertz entropy in the case when\ntwo identical XY spin chains initially at different temperatures are quenched\ninto a single XY chain. We observed no quantum Hertz entropy decrease. This\nfinding further supports the statement that the quantum Hertz entropy is a\nproper entropy for isolated quantum systems. We further quantify how far the\nquenched chain is from thermal equilibrium and the temperature of the closest\nequilibrium.",
        "positive": "Charge Correlations in a Harmonic Trap: A system of N classical Coulomb charges trapped in a harmonic potential\ndisplays shell structure and orientational ordering. The local density profile\nis well understood from theory, simulation, and experiment. Here, pair\ncorrelations are considered for this highly inhomogeneous system for both the\nfluid and ordered states. In the former, it is noted that there is a close\nrelationship to pair correlations in the uniform OCP. For the ordered state, it\nis shown that the disordered \"tiling\" is closely related to the ground state\nThomson sites for a single sphere."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Note on the nature of the transition between a system in an equilibrium\n  state and a system in a non-equilibrium state (and vice-versa): The transition from a non-equilibrium state to an equilibrium state is\ncharacterized not only by the disappearance of the entropy production, but\nmainly by the disappearance of the organized currents, due to the gradients\npresent in a non-equilibrium system. Their disappearance is necessary to obtain\nmaximum entropy in the equilibrium state.",
        "positive": "Hybrid path integral Monte Carlo simulation of rigid diatomic molecules:\n  effect of quantized rotations on the selectivity of hydrogen isotopes in\n  carbon nanotubes: We present a multiple time step algorithm for hybrid path integral Monte\nCarlo simulations involving rigid linear rotors. We show how to calculate the\nquantum torques needed in the simulation from the rotational density matrix,\nfor which we develop an approximate expression suitable in the case of\nheteronuclear molecules.\n  We use this method to study the effect of rotational quantization on the\nquantum sieving properties of carbon nanotubes, with particular emphasis to the\npara-T2/para-H2 selectivity at 20 K. We show how to treat classically only some\nof the degrees of freedom of the hydrogen molecule and we find that in the\nlimit of zero pressure the quantized nature of the rotational degrees of\nfreedom greatly influence the selectivity, especially in the case of the (3,6)\nnanotube, which is the narrowest tube that we have studied.\n  We also use path integral Monte Carlo simulations to calculate adsorption\nisotherms of different hydrogen isotopes in the interior of carbon nanotubes\nand the corresponding selectivity at finite pressures. It is found that the\nselectivity increases with respect to the zero pressure value and tends to a\nconstant value at saturation. We use a simplified effective harmonic oscillator\nmodel to discuss the origin of this behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Odd Diffusivity of Chiral Random Motion: Diffusive transport is characterized by a diffusivity tensor which may, in\ngeneral, contain both a symmetric and an antisymmetric component. Although the\nlatter is often neglected, we derive Green-Kubo relations showing it to be a\ngeneral characteristic of random motion breaking time-reversal and parity\nsymmetries, as encountered in chiral active matter. In analogy with the odd\nviscosity appearing in chiral active fluids, we term this component the odd\ndiffusivity. We show how odd diffusivity emerges in a chiral random walk model,\nand demonstrate the applicability of the Green-Kubo relations through molecular\ndynamics simulations of a passive tracer particle diffusing in a chiral active\nbath.",
        "positive": "Reaction-Diffusion-Branching Models of Stock Price Fluctuations: Several models of stock trading [P. Bak et al, Physica A {\\bf 246}, 430\n(1997)] are analyzed in analogy with one-dimensional, two-species\nreaction-diffusion-branching processes. Using heuristic and scaling arguments,\nwe show that the short-time market price variation is subdiffusive with a Hurst\nexponent $H=1/4$. Biased diffusion towards the market price and blind-eyed\ncopying lead to crossovers to the empirically observed random-walk behavior\n($H=1/2$) at long times. The calculated crossover forms and diffusion constants\nare shown to agree well with simulation data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian particle in ideal gas: explicit density expansions, conditional\n  probabilities, and amusing properties of molecular chaos: Explicit density expansions of non-equilibrium probability distribution\nfunctions for molecular Brownian particle in ideal gas are obtained in original\nform what visually implies (is exact solution to) the previously established\ndynamical virial relations. Role of these relations in unbiased analysis of\nmolecular chaos properties in many-particle statistical mechanics, including\nthe mobility 1/f noise, is newly investigated in clear terms of conditional\nprobabilities and averages.",
        "positive": "Epidemic spreading in scale-free networks: The Internet, as well as many other networks, has a very complex connectivity\nrecently modeled by the class of scale-free networks. This feature, which\nappears to be very efficient for a communications network, favors at the same\ntime the spreading of computer viruses. We analyze real data from computer\nvirus infections and find the average lifetime and prevalence of viral strains\non the Internet. We define a dynamical model for the spreading of infections on\nscale-free networks, finding the absence of an epidemic threshold and its\nassociated critical behavior. This new epidemiological framework rationalize\ndata of computer viruses and could help in the understanding of other spreading\nphenomena on communication and social networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact mean exit time for surface-mediated diffusion: We present an exact expression for the mean exit time through the cap of a\nconfining sphere for particles alternating phases of surface and of bulk\ndiffusion. The present approach is based on an integral equation which can be\nsolved analytically. In contrast to the statement of Berezhkovskii and Barzykin\n[J. Chem. Phys. 136, 54115 (2012)], we show that the mean exit time can be\noptimized with respect to the desorption rate, under analytically determined\ncriteria.",
        "positive": "Radiation influence on the temperature-dependent parameters of fluids: Based on the fundamental Bogolyubov chain of equations, a model relating the\nstructural and thermophysical properties of the nonequilibrium liquid systems\nunder irradiation in stationary state is introduced. The obtained results\nsuggest that the thermophysical properties of the liquid systems under\nirradiation are defined by the {\\textquotedblleft}effective\ntemperature{\\textquotedblright} that can be calculated from the perturbed\nmomentum distribution functions of the systems. It is shown that the structural\nchanges in the liquid systems under irradiation are caused by the changes in\nthe coefficients of the Maxwell distribution function due to the momentum\nexchange between the active particles and the particles forming the liquid. To\nconfirm the theoretical predictions, a qualitative comparison of the model with\nthe existing experimental data on irradiation influence on the surface tension\ncoefficients of liquids is performed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extreme Current Fluctuations in Lattice Gases: Beyond Nonequilibrium\n  Steady States: We use the macroscopic fluctuation theory (MFT) to study large current\nfluctuations in non-stationary diffusive lattice gases. We identify two\nuniversality classes of these fluctuations which we call elliptic and\nhyperbolic. They emerge in the limit when the deterministic mass flux is small\ncompared to the mass flux due to the shot noise. The two classes are determined\nby the sign of compressibility of \\emph{effective fluid}, obtained by mapping\nthe MFT into an inviscid hydrodynamics. An example of the elliptic class is the\nSymmetric Simple Exclusion Process where, for some initial conditions, we can\nsolve the effective hydrodynamics exactly. This leads to a super-Gaussian\nextreme current statistics conjectured by Derrida and Gerschenfeld (2009) and\nyields the optimal path of the system. For models of the hyperbolic class the\ndeterministic mass flux cannot be neglected, leading to a different extreme\ncurrent statistics.",
        "positive": "Cluster mean-field approach to the steady-state phase diagram of\n  dissipative spin systems: We show that short-range correlations have a dramatic impact on the\nsteady-state phase diagram of quantum driven-dissipative systems. This effect,\nnever observed in equilibrium, follows from the fact that ordering in the\nsteady state is of dynamical origin, and is established only at very long\ntimes, whereas in thermodynamic equilibrium it arises from the properties of\nthe (free) energy. To this end, by combining the cluster methods extensively\nused in equilibrium phase transitions to quantum trajectories and\ntensor-network techniques, we extend them to nonequilibrium phase transitions\nin dissipative many-body systems. We analyze in detail a model of spin-1=2 on a\nlattice interacting through an XYZ Hamiltonian, each of them coupled to an\nindependent environment that induces incoherent spin flips. In the steady-state\nphase diagram derived from our cluster approach, the location of the phase\nboundaries and even its topology radically change, introducing reentrance of\nthe paramagnetic phase as compared to the single-site mean field where\ncorrelations are neglected. Furthermore, a stability analysis of the cluster\nmean field indicates a susceptibility towards a possible incommensurate\nordering, not present if short-range correlations are ignored."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Manipulation of extreme events on scale-free networks: Extreme events taking place on networks are not uncommon. We show that it is\npossible to manipulate the extreme events occurrence probabilities and its\ndistribution over the nodes on scale-free networks by tuning the nodal\ncapacity. This can be used to reduce the number of extreme events occurrences\non a network. However monotonic nodal capacity enhancements, beyond a point, do\nnot lead to any substantial reduction in the number of extreme events. We point\nout the practical implication of this result for network design in the context\nof reducing extreme events occurrences.",
        "positive": "Shear Thinning in Lennard-Jones Fluids by Stochastic Dissipative\n  Molecular Dynamics Simulation: The shear viscosity of a Lennard-Jones fluid is obtained by stochastic\ndissipative molecular dynamics (SDMD) simulations. A generic constraint to the\nequations of motion is given that reduces the sensitivity of the shear\nviscosity to the value of the the fluctuation-dissipation or thermostat\nparameter. At high shear rates the shear viscosity becomes dependent on the\nsize of the system, and corrections to the equipartition kinetic temperature\narise. At constant kinetic temperature the shear viscosity is shown to decrease\nwith increasing shear rate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superstatistics for fractional systems: The purpose of this paper is to develop a new fractional dynamical approach\nto superstatistics. Namely, we show that superstatistical distribution\nfunctions can be obtained from stationary solutions of the generalized\nFokker-Planck equation for fractional systems by using the fractional\ngeneralization Bayes' theorem. We present specific examples of such\ndistribution functions for fractional systems.",
        "positive": "Universality of collapsing two-dimensional self-avoiding trails: Results of a numerically exact transfer matrix calculation for the model of\nInteracting Self-Avoiding Trails are presented. The results lead to the\nconclusion that, at the collapse transition, Self-Avoiding Trails are in the\nsame universality class as the O(n=0) model of Blote and Nienhuis (or\nvertex-interacting self-avoiding walk), which has thermal exponent $\\nu=12/23$,\ncontrary to previous conjectures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium entropy and irreversibility in generalized stochastic\n  Loewner evolution from an information-theoretic perspective: The generalized stochastic Loewner evolution (SLE) driven by reversible\nLangevin dynamics was theoretically investigated in the context of\nnon-equilibrium statistical mechanics. The recent study of the authors revealed\nthat the Loewner evolution enables encoding the non-equilibrium (irreversible)\nprocesses into equilibrium (reversible) processes. In this study, by Gibbs\nentropy-based information-theoretic approaches, we formulated this encoding\nmechanism of the SLE to discuss its advantages as a mean to better describe\nnon-equilibrium states. After deriving entropy production and flux for the 2D\ntrajectories of the generalized SLE curve, we reformulated the system's\nentropic properties in terms of the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. We\ndemonstrate that this operation leads to alternative expressions of the\nJarzynski equality and the second law of thermodynamics, which are consistent\nwith the previously suggested theory of information thermodynamics. The\nirreversibility of the 2D trajectory was likewise discussed by decomposing its\nentropy into additive and non-additive parts. We numerically verified the\nnon-equilibrium property of our model by simulating the long-time behavior of\nthe entropic measure suggested by our formulation, referred to as the relative\nLoewner entropy.",
        "positive": "Crossover behavior of the thermal conductance and Kramers' transition\n  rate theory: Kramers' theory frames chemical reaction rates in solution as reactants\novercoming a barrier in the presence of friction and noise. For weak coupling\nto the solution, the reaction rate is limited by the rate at which the solution\ncan restore equilibrium after a subset of reactants have surmounted the barrier\nto become products. For strong coupling, there are always sufficiently\nenergetic reactants. However, the solution returns many of the intermediate\nstates back to the reactants before the product fully forms. Here, we\ndemonstrate that the thermal conductance displays an analogous physical\nresponse to the friction and noise that drive the heat current through a\nmaterial or structure. A crossover behavior emerges where the thermal\nreservoirs dominate the conductance at the extremes and only in the\nintermediate region are the intrinsic properties of the lattice manifest. Not\nonly does this shed new light on Kramers' classic turnover problem, this result\nis significant for the design of devices for thermal management and other\napplications, as well as the proper simulation of transport at the nanoscale."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Second Law of Thermodynamics, Macroscopic Observables within Boltzmann's\n  Principle but without Thermodynamic Limit: Boltzmann's principle S=k ln W allows to extend equilibrium thermo-statistics\nto ``Small'' systems without invoking the thermodynamic limit. The clue is to\nbase statistical probability on ensemble averaging and not on time averaging.\nIt is argued that due to the incomplete information obtained by macroscopic\nmeasurements thermodynamics handles ensembles or finite-sized sub-manifolds in\nphase space and not single time-dependent trajectories. Therefore, ensemble\naverages are the natural objects of statistical probabilities. This is the\nphysical origin of coarse-graining which is not anymore a mathematical ad hoc\nassumption. From this concept all equilibrium thermodynamics can be deduced\nquite naturally including the most sophisticated phenomena of phase transitions\nfor ``Small'' systems. Boltzmann's principle is generalized to non-equilibrium\nHamiltonian systems with possibly fractal distributions ${\\cal{M}}$ in 6N-dim.\nphase space by replacing the conventional Riemann integral for the volume in\nphase space by its corresponding box-counting volume. This is equal to the\nvolume of the closure $\\bar{\\cal{M}}$. With this extension the Second Law is\nderived without invoking the thermodynamic limit. The irreversibility in this\napproach is due to the replacement of the phase-space volume by the volume of\nits closure $\\bar{\\cal{M}}$. The physical reason for this replacement is that\nmacroscopic measurements cannot distinguish ${\\cal{M}}$ from $\\bar{\\cal{M}}$.\nWhereas the former is not changing in time due to Liouville's theorem, the\nvolume of the closure can be larger. In contrast to conventional coarse\ngraining the box-counting volume is defined in the limit of infinite\nresolution. I.e. there is no artificial loss of information.",
        "positive": "Potts model on recursive lattices: some new exact results: We compute the partition function of the Potts model with arbitrary values of\n$q$ and temperature on some strip lattices. We consider strips of width\n$L_y=2$, for three different lattices: square, diced and `shortest-path' (to be\ndefined in the text). We also get the exact solution for strips of the Kagome\nlattice for widths $L_y=2,3,4,5$. As further examples we consider two lattices\nwith different type of regular symmetry: a strip with alternating layers of\nwidth $L_y=3$ and $L_y=m+2$, and a strip with variable width. Finally we make\nsome remarks on the Fisher zeros for the Kagome lattice and their large\nq-limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronized oscillations and acoustic fluidization in confined granular\n  materials: According to the acoustic fluidization hypothesis, elastic waves at a\ncharacteristic frequency form inside seismic faults even in the absence of an\nexternal perturbation. These waves are able to generate a normal stress which\ncontrasts the confining pressure and promotes failure. Here, we study the\nmechanisms responsible for this wave activation via numerical simulations of a\ngranular fault model. We observe the particles belonging to the percolating\nbackbone, which sustains the stress, to perform synchronized oscillations over\nellipticlike trajectories in the fault plane. These oscillations occur at the\ncharacteristic frequency of acoustic fluidization. As the applied shear stress\nincreases, these oscillations become perpendicular to the fault plane just\nbefore the system fails, opposing the confining pressure, consistently with the\nacoustic fluidization scenario. The same change of orientation can be induced\nby external perturbations at the acoustic fluidization frequency.",
        "positive": "Updating schemes in zero-temperature single-spin flip dynamics: In this paper we examine the role of the so called $c$-parallel updating\nschemes in relaxation from disordered states to the final ferromagnetic steady\nstate. We investigate two zero-temperature single-spin flip dynamics on a one\ndimensional lattice of length $L$: inflow (i.e. generalized zero-temperature\nGlauber dynamics) and outflow opinion dynamics. The varying $c$ allows us to\nchange the updating scheme from random sequential updating ($c=1/L$) to\ndeterministic synchronous updating (for $c=1$). We show how the mean relaxation\ntimes depend on $c$ and scale with the system size $L$. Moreover, we\nempirically find an analytical formula for the ratio between mean relaxation\ntimes for inflow and outflow dynamics. Results obtained in this paper suggest\nthat in some sense the original zero-temperature Glauber dynamics is a critical\none among a broader class of inflow dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Does the second critical-point of water really exist in nature?: In the past decade, a literary phrase \"No man's land\" has been flooded in the\nscientific papers. The expression is used to describe a meta-stable region in\nthe phase-diagram that cannot be accessed by experiments. It has been claimed\nbased on the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation that there is a critical point,\nor the second critical point (SCP), in the \"no man's land,\" and it has created\na big dispute in the field of science. It is proved in the present paper that\nthe hypothesis of SCP is completely against the rigorous theorem of\nthermodynamics, referred as the Gibbs phase rule. The reason why the\nsimulations have found SCP erroneously is merely because the method violates\nthe requirement which all the statistical-mechanics treatments should satisfy\nto reproduce the thermodynamics. That is the thermodynamic limit. It is\nclarified what is the identity of the \"liquid-liquid phase transition\" and SCP\nin pure liquids, discovered by the simulations and by some experiments. In\norder to explain the physics of liquid-liquid phase transition observed\nexperimentally in single component liquids, a new concept is proposed.",
        "positive": "Kinetics of the one-dimensional voter model with long-range interactions: The one-dimensional long-range voter model, where an agent takes the opinion\nof another at distance $r$ with probability $\\propto r^{-\\alpha}$, is studied\nanalytically. The model displays rich and diverse features as $\\alpha$ is\nchanged. For $\\alpha >3$ the behavior is similar to the one of the\nnearest-neighbor version, with the formation of ordered domains whose typical\nsize grows as $R(t)\\propto t^{1/2}$ until consensus (a fully ordered\nconfiguration) is reached. The correlation function $C(r,t)$ between two agents\nat distance $r$ obeys dynamical scaling with sizeable corrections at large\ndistances $r>r^*(t)$, slowly fading away in time. For $2< \\alpha \\le 3$\nviolations of scaling appear, due to the simultaneous presence of two\nlengh-scales, the size of domains growing as $t^{(\\alpha-2)/(\\alpha-1)}$, and\nthe distance $L(t)\\propto t^{1/(\\alpha-1)}$ over which correlations extend. For\n$\\alpha \\le 2$ the system reaches a partially ordered stationary state,\ncharacterised by an algebraic correlator, % $C(r)\\propto r^{-(2-\\alpha)}$,\nwhose lifetime diverges in the thermodynamic limit of infinitely many agents,\nso that consensus is not reached. For a finite system escape towards the fully\nordered configuration is finally promoted by development of large distance\ncorrelations. In a system of $N$ sites, global consensus is achieved after a\ntime $T \\propto N^2$ for $\\alpha>3$, $T \\propto N^{\\alpha-1}$ for $2<\\alpha \\le\n3$, and $T \\propto N$ for $\\alpha \\le 2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free-Fermion entanglement and orthogonal polynomials: We present a simple construction for a tridiagonal matrix $T$ that commutes\nwith the hopping matrix for the entanglement Hamiltonian ${\\cal H}$ of open\nfinite free-Fermion chains associated with families of discrete orthogonal\npolynomials. It is based on the notion of algebraic Heun operator attached to\nbispectral problems, and the parallel between entanglement studies and the\ntheory of time and band limiting. As examples, we consider Fermionic chains\nrelated to the Chebychev, Krawtchouk and dual Hahn polynomials. For the former\ncase, which corresponds to a homogeneous chain, the outcome of our construction\ncoincides with a recent result of Eisler and Peschel; the latter cases yield\ncommuting operators for particular inhomogeneous chains. Since $T$ is\ntridiagonal and non-degenerate, it can be readily diagonalized numerically,\nwhich in turn can be used to calculate the spectrum of ${\\cal H}$, and\ntherefore the entanglement entropy.",
        "positive": "Discontinuous Absorbing State Transition in $(1+1)$ Dimension: A $(1+1)$ dimensional model of directed percolation is introduced where sites\non a tilted square lattice are connected to their neighbours by $N$ channels,\noperated at both ends by valves which are either open or closed. The spreading\nfluid is assumed to propagate from any site to the neighbours in a specified\ndirection only through those channels which have open valves at both sites. We\nshow that the system undergoes a discontinuous absorbing state transition in\nthe large $N$ limit when the number of open valves at each site $n$ crosses a\nthreshold value $n_c=\\sqrt N.$ Remarkable dynamical properties of discontinuous\ntransitions, like hysteresis and existence of two well separated fluctuating\nphases near the critical point are also observed. The transition is found to be\ndiscontinuous in all $(d+1)$ dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonmonotonic effects of parallel sidewalls on Casimir forces between\n  cylinders: We analyze the Casimir force between two parallel infinite metal cylinders,\nwith nearby metal plates (sidewalls), using complementary methods for mutual\nconfirmation. The attractive force between cylinders is shown to have a\nnonmonotonic dependence on the separation to the plates. This intrinsically\nmulti-body phenomenon, which occurs with either one or two sidewalls\n(generalizing an earlier result for squares between two sidewalls), does not\nfollow from any simple two-body force description. We can, however, explain the\nnonmonotonicity by considering the screening (enhancement) of the interactions\nby the fluctuating charges (currents) on the two cylinders, and their images on\nthe nearby plate(s). Furthermore, we show that this effect also implies a\nnonmonotonic dependence of the cylinder-plate force on the cylinder-cylinder\nseparation.",
        "positive": "Quantum local-equilibrium approach to dissipative hydrodynamics: The macroscopic hydrodynamic equations are derived for many-body systems in\nthe local-equilibrium approach, using the Schr\\\"odinger picture of quantum\nmechanics. In this approach, statistical operators are defined in terms of\nmicroscopic densities associated with the fundamentally conserved quantities\nand other slow modes possibly emerging from continuous symmetry breaking, as\nwell as macrofields conjugated to these densities. Functional identities can be\ndeduced, allowing us to identify the reversible and dissipative parts of the\nmean current densities, to obtain general equations for the time evolution of\nthe conjugate macrofields, and to establish the relationship to\nprojection-operator methods. The entropy production is shown to be nonnegative\nby applying the Peierls-Bogoliubov inequality to a quantum integral fluctuation\ntheorem. Using the expansion in the gradients of the conjugate macrofields, the\ntransport coefficients are given by Green-Kubo formulas and the entropy\nproduction rate can be expressed in terms of quantum Einstein-Helfand formulas,\nimplying its nonnegativity in agreement with the second law of thermodynamics.\nThe results apply to multicomponent fluids and can be extended to condensed\nmatter phases with broken continuous symmetries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation transition in zero-range processes with diffusion: Recent studies have indicated that the coarse grained dynamics of a large\nclass of traffic models and driven-diffusive systems may be described by urn\nmodels. We consider a class of one-dimensional urn models whereby particles hop\nfrom an urn to its nearest neighbor by a rate which decays with the occupation\nnumber k of the departure site as (1+b/k). In addition a diffusion process\ntakes place, whereby all particles in an urn may hop to an adjacent one with\nsome rate alpha$. Condensation transition which may take place in this model is\nstudied and the (b,alpha) phase diagram is calculated within the mean field\napproximation and by numerical simulations. A driven-diffusive model whose\ncoarse grained dynamics corresponds to this urn model is considered.",
        "positive": "Triggering waves in nonlinear lattices: Quest for anharmonic phonons and\n  corresponding mean free paths: Guided by a stylized experiment we develop a self-consistent anharmonic\nphonon concept for nonlinear lattices which allows for explicit\n\"visualization.\" The idea uses a small external driving force which excites the\nfront particles in a nonlinear lattice slab and subsequently one monitors the\nexcited wave evolution using molecular dynamics simulations. This allows for a\nsimultaneous, direct determination of the existence of the phonon mean free\npath with its corresponding anharmonic phonon wavenumber as a function of\ntemperature. The concept for the mean free path is very distinct from known\nprior approaches: the latter evaluate the mean free path only indirectly, via\nusing both, a scale for the phonon relaxation time and yet another one for the\nphonon velocity. Notably, the concept here is neither limited to small lattice\nnonlinearities nor to small frequencies. The scheme is tested for three\nstrongly nonlinear lattices of timely current interest which either exhibit\nnormal or anomalous heat transport."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of a Trapped Unitary Fermi Gas: We present the first model-independent comparison of recent measurements of\nthe entropy and of the critical temperature of a unitary Fermi gas, performed\nby Luo et al., with the most complete results currently available from finite\ntemperature Monte Carlo calculations. The measurement of the critical\ntemperature in a cold fermionic atomic cloud is consistent with a value\n$T_c=0.23(2)epsilon_F$ in the bulk, as predicted by the present authors in\ntheir Monte Carlo calculations.",
        "positive": "Slow dynamics and subdiffusion in a non-Hamiltonian system with\n  long-range forces: Inspired by one--dimensional light--particle systems, the dynamics of a\nnon-Hamiltonian system with long--range forces is investigated. While the\nmolecular dynamics does not reach an equilibrium state, it may be approximated\nin the thermodynamic limit by a Vlasov equation that does possess stable\nstationary solutions. This implies that on a macroscopic scale, the molecular\ndynamics evolves on a slow timescale that diverges with the system size. At the\nsingle-particle level, the evolution is driven by incoherent interaction\nbetween the particles, which may be effectively modeled by a noise, leading to\na Brownian-like dynamics of the momentum. Because this self-generated diffusion\nprocess depends on the particle distribution, the associated Fokker-Planck\nequation is nonlinear, and a subdiffusive behavior of the momentum fluctuation\nemerges, in agreement with numerics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical transitions in correlated driven diffusion in a periodic\n  potential: The diffusion of a two-dimensional array of particles driven by a constant\nforce in the presence of a periodic external potential exhibits a hierarchy of\ndynamical phase transitions when the driving force is varied. This behavior can\nbe explained by a simple phenomenological approach which reduces the system of\nstrongly interacting particles to weakly interacting quasi-particles (kinks).\nThe richness of the strongly coupled system is however not lost because,\ncontrary to a single-Brownian particle, the array shows an hysteretic behavior\neven at non-zero temperature. The present investigation can be viewed as a\nfirst step toward understanding nanotribology.",
        "positive": "Kinetic theory of fermions in curved spacetime: We build a statistical description of fermions, taking into account the spin\ndegree of freedom in addition to the momentum of particles, and we detail its\nuse in the context of the kinetic theory of gases of fermions particles. We\nshow that the one-particle distribution function needed to write a Liouville\nequation is a spinor valued operator. The degrees of freedom of this function\nare covariantly described by an intensity function and by a polarisation vector\nwhich are parallel transported by free streaming. Collisions are described on\nthe microscopic level and lead to a Boltzmann equation for this operator. We\napply our formalism to the case of weak interactions, which at low energies can\nbe considered as a contact interaction between fermions, allowing us to discuss\nthe structure of the collision term for a few typical weak-interaction mediated\nreactions. In particular we find for massive particles that a dipolar\ndistribution of velocities in the interacting species is necessary to generate\nlinear polarisation, as opposed to the case of photons for which linear\npolarisation is generated from the quadrupolar distribution of velocities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging and Crossovers in Phase-Separating Fluid Mixtures: We use state-of-the-art molecular dynamics simulations to study hydrodynamic\neffects on aging during kinetics of phase separation in a fluid mixture. The\ndomain growth law shows a crossover from a diffusive regime to a viscous\nhydrodynamic regime. There is a corresponding crossover in the autocorrelation\nfunction from a power-law behavior to an exponential decay. While the former is\nconsistent with theories for diffusive domain growth, the latter results as a\nconsequence of faster advective transport in fluids for which an analytical\njustification has been provided.",
        "positive": "Comparative Microscopic Study of Entropies and their Production: We study the time evolution of eleven microscopic entropy definitions (of\nBoltzmann-surface, Gibbs-volume, canonical, coarse-grained-observational,\nentanglement and diagonal type) and three microscopic temperature definitions\n(based on Boltzmann, Gibbs or canonical entropy). This is done for the\narchetypal nonequilibrium setup of two systems exchanging energy, modeled here\nwith random matrix theory, based on numerical integration of the Schroedinger\nequation. We consider three types of pure initial states (local energy\neigenstates, decorrelated and entangled microcanonical states) and three\nclasses of systems: (A) two normal systems, (B) a normal and a negative\ntemperature system and (C) a normal and a negative heat capacity system.\n  We find: (1) All types of initial states give rise to the same macroscopic\ndynamics. (2) Entanglement and diagonal entropy sensitively depend on the\nmicrostate, in contrast to all other entropies. (3) For class B and C,\nGibbs-volume entropies can violate the second law and the associated\ntemperature becomes meaningless. (4) For class C, Boltzmann-surface entropies\ncan violate the second law and the associated temperature becomes meaningless.\n(5) Canonical entropy has a tendency to remain almost constant. (6) For a Haar\nrandom initial state, entanglement or diagonal entropy behave similar or\nidentical to coarse-grained-observational entropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quadrupole-mediated dielectric response and the charge-asymmetric\n  solvation of ions in water: Treating water as a linearly responding dielectric continuum on molecular\nlength scales allows very simple estimates of solvation structure and\nthermodynamics for charged and polar solutes. While this approach can\nsuccessfully account for basic length and energy scales of ion solvation,\ncomputer simulations indicate not only its quantitative inaccuracies but also\nits inability to capture some basic and important aspects of microscopic\npolarization response. Here we consider one such shortcoming, a failure to\ndistinguish the solvation thermodynamics of cations from that of\notherwise-identical anions, and we pursue a simple, physically inspired\nmodification of the dielectric continuum model to address it. The adaptation is\nmotivated by analyzing the orientational response of an isolated water molecule\nwhose dipole is rigidly constrained. Its free energy suggests a Hamiltonian for\ndipole fluctuations that accounts implicitly for the influence of higher-order\nmultipole moments, while respecting constraints of molecular geometry. We\npropose a field theory with the suggested form, whose nonlinear response breaks\nthe charge symmetry of ion solvation. An approximate variational solution of\nthis theory, with a single adjustable parameter, yields solvation free energies\nthat agree closely with simulation results over a considerable range of solute\nsize and charge.",
        "positive": "Minimal constraints for Maximum Caliber analysis of dissipative steady\n  state systems: Maximum Caliber (Max Cal) is purported to be a general variational principle\nfor Non-Equilibrium Statistical Physics (NESP). But recently, Jack and Evans\nand Maes have raised concerns about how Max Cal handles dissipative processes.\nHere, we show that the problem does not lie in Max Cal; the problem is in the\nuse of insufficient constraints. We also present an exactly solvable\nsingle-particle model of dissipation, valid far from equilibrium, and its\nsolution by Maximum Caliber. The model illustrates how the influx and efflux of\nwork and heat into a flowing system alters the distribution of trajectories.\nMaximum Caliber is a viable principle for dissipative systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates in anharmonic potentials: Rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates confined in anharmonic traps can\nexhibit a rich variety of vortex phases, including a vortex lattice, a vortex\nlattice with a hole, and a giant vortex. Using an augmented Thomas-Fermi\nvariational approach to determine the ground state of the condensate in the\nrotating frame -- valid for sufficiently strongly interacting condensates -- we\ndetermine the transitions between these three phases for a\nquadratic-plus-quartic confining potential. Combining the present results with\nprevious numerical simulations of small rotating condensates in such anharmonic\npotentials, we delineate the general structure of the zero temperature phase\ndiagram.",
        "positive": "Universal Trade-off Between Irreversibility and Relaxation Timescale: We establish a general lower bound for the entropy production rate based on\nthe Kullback-Leibler divergence and the Logarithmic-Sobolev constant that\ncharacterizes the time-scale of relaxation. This bound can be considered as an\nenhanced second law of thermodynamics. As a crucial application, we find a\nuniversal trade-off relation between the dissipation rate and relaxation\ntimescale in thermal relaxation. Importantly, we show that a thermodynamic\nupper bound on the relaxation time between two given states follows directly\nfrom the trade-off relation, serving as an inverse speed limit throughout the\nentire time region. Our findings unveil some hidden universal behaviors of\nthermal relaxation processes, which can also be extended to open quantum\nsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Charged Brownian Particles: Kramers and Smoluchowski Equations and the\n  Hydrothermodynamical Picture: We consider a charged Brownian gas under the influence of external and non\nuniform electric, magnetic and mechanical fields, immersed in a non uniform\nbath temperature. With the collision time as an expansion parameter, we study\nthe solution to the associated Kramers equation, including a linear reactive\nterm. To first order we obtain the asymptotic (overdamped) regime, governed by\ntransport equations, namely: for the particle's density, a\nSmoluchowski-reactive like equation; for the particle's momentum density, a\ngeneralized Ohm's like equation; and for the particle's energy density, a\nMaxwell-Cattaneo like equation. Defining a nonequilibrium temperature as the\nmean kinetic energy density, and introducing Boltzmann's entropy density via\nthe one particle distribution function, we present a complete\nthermohydrodynamical picture for a charged Brownian gas. We probe the validity\nof the local equilibrium approximation, Onsager relations, variational\nprinciples associated to the entropy production, and apply our results to:\ncarrier transport in semiconductors, hot carriers and Brownian motors. Finally,\nwe outline a method to incorporate non linear reactive kinetics and a mean\nfield approach to interacting Brownian particles.",
        "positive": "Lattice models for ballistic aggregation: cluster-shape dependent\n  exponents: We study ballistic aggregation on a two dimensional square lattice, where\nparticles move ballistically in between momentum and mass conserving coalescing\ncollisions. Three models are studied based on the shapes of the aggregates: in\nthe first the aggregates remain point particles, in the second they retain the\nfractal shape at the time of collision, and in the third they assume a\nspherical shape. The exponents describing the power law temporal decay of\nnumber of particles and energy as well as dependence of velocity correlations\non mass are determined using large scale Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown\nthat the exponents are universal only for the point particle model. In the\nother two cases, the exponents are dependent on the initial number density and\ncorrelations vanish at high number densities. The fractal dimension for the\nsecond model is close to 1.49."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Memristive effects in nanopatterned permalloy Kagom\u00e9 array: We study memristive effects in Kagom\\'{e} nanopatterned permalloy. We observe\nthat at low frequencies a thermistor effect is present, a phenomenon arising\ndue to the lithography and absent in similar experiments for thin films.\nHowever, we also show via an independent anisotropic magnetoresistive study\nthat a small hysteresis accounting for 1% of the effect is not attributable to\na thermistive effect. Such effect is also confirmed by a careful subtraction\nscheme between nearby thermal hysteresis. In the millihertz regime, an\neffective model is provided to describe the experimental results for the\nthermistor, showing that there should be a crossover from the millihertz to the\ngigahertz, from a thermistor to an memresistive effect for nanopatterned\npermalloy.",
        "positive": "On the Collective Behavior of Parametric Oscillators: We revisit the mean field model of globally and harmonically coupled\nparametric oscillators subject to periodic block pulses with initially random\nphases. The phase diagram of regions of collective parametric instability is\npresented, as is a detailed characterization of the motions underlying these\ninstabilities. This presentation includes regimes not identified in earlier\nwork [I. Bena and C. Van den Broeck, Europhys. Lett. {\\bf 48}, 498 (1999)]. In\naddition to the familiar parametric instability of individual oscillators, two\nkinds of collective instabilities are identified. In one the mean amplitude\ndiverges monotonically while in the other the divergence is oscillatory. The\nfrequencies of collective oscillatory instabilities in general bear no simple\nrelation to the eigenfrequencies of the individual oscillators nor to the\nfrequency of the external modulation. Numerical simulations show that systems\nwith only nearest neighbor coupling have collective instabilities similar to\nthose of the mean field model. Many of the mean field results are already\napparent in a simple dimer [M. Copelli and K. Lindenberg, to appear in Phys.\nRev. E]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Intermittency in Dynamics of Two-Dimensional Vortex-like Defects: We examine high-order dynamical correlations of defects (vortices,\ndisclinations etc) in thin films starting from the Langevin equation for the\ndefect motion. We demonstrate that dynamical correlation functions $F_{2n}$ of\nvorticity and disclinicity behave as $F_{2n}\\sim y^2/r^{4n}$ where $r$ is the\ncharacteristic scale and $y$ is the fugacity. As a consequence, below the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature $F_{2n}$ are\ncharacterized by anomalous scaling exponents. The behavior strongly differs\nfrom the normal law $F_{2n}\\sim F_2^n$ occurring for simultaneous correlation\nfunctions, the non-simultaneous correlation functions appear to be much larger.\nThe phenomenon resembles intermittency in turbulence.",
        "positive": "Semi-Infinite Anisotropic Spherical Model: Correlations at T >= T_c: The ordinary surface magnetic phase transition is studied for the exactly\nsolvable anisotropic spherical model (ASM), which is the limit D \\to \\infty of\nthe D-component uniaxially anisotropic classical vector model. The bulk limit\nof the ASM is similar to that of the spherical model, apart from the role of\nthe anisotropy stabilizing ordering for low lattice dimensionalities, d =< 2,\nat finite temperatures. The correlation functions and the energy density\nprofile in the semi-infinite ASM are calculated analytically and numerically\nfor T >= T_c and 1 =< d =< \\infty. Since the lattice dimensionalities d=1,2,3,\nand 4 are special, a continuous spatial dimensionality d'=d-1 has been\nintroduced for dimensions parallel to the surface. However, preserving a\ndiscrete layer structure perpendicular to the surface avoids unphysical surface\nsingularities and allows numerical solitions that reveal significant\nshort-range features near the surface. The results obtained generalize the\nisotropic-criticality results for 2 < d < 4 of Bray and Moore [Phys. Rev. Lett.\n38, 735 (1977); J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 10, 1927 (1977)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Connected correlations in partitioning protocols: a case study and\n  beyond: The assumption of local relaxation in inhomogeneous quantum quenches allows\nto compute asymptotically the expectation value of local observables via\nhydrodynamic arguments known as generalized hydrodynamics (GHD). In this work\nwe address formally the question of when an observable is ``local enough'' to\nbe described by GHD using the playground of partitioning protocols and\nnon-interacting time evolution. We show that any state evolving under a\nquadratic Hamiltonian can be described via a set of decoupled dynamical fields\nsuch that one of those fields can be identified with a space-time-dependent\ngeneralisation of the root density. By studying the contribution to a connected\nspin correlation of each of those fields independently, we derive the locality\nconditions under which an observable can be described using the root density\nonly. That shows both the regime of validity for hydrodynamic approaches that\naim at describing the asymptotic value of observables in term of the root\ndensity only, such as GHD, and the locality conditions necessary for\nGaussianification to occur.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of the Ising square lattice with competing interactions: We restudy the phase diagram of the 2D-Ising model with competing\ninteractions $J_1$ on nearest neighbour and $J_2$ on next-nearest neighbour\nbonds via Monte-Carlo simulations. We present the finite temperature phase\ndiagram and introduce computational methods which allow us to calculate\ntransition temperatures close to the critical point at $J_2 = 0.5 J_1$. Further\non we investigate the character of the different phase boundaries and find that\nthe transition is weakly first order for moderate $J_2 > 0.5 J_1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Particle diode: Rectification of interacting Brownian ratchets: Transport of Brownian particles interacting with each other via the Morse\npotential is investigated in the presence of an ac driving force applied\nlocally at one end of the chain. By using numerical simulations, we find that\nthe system can behave as a particle diode for both overdamped and underdamped\ncases. For low frequencies, the transport from the free end to the ac acting\nend is prohibited, while the transport from the ac acting end to the free end\nis permitted. However, the polarity of the particle diode will reverse for\nmedium frequencies. There exists an optimal value of the well depth of the\ninteraction potential at which the average velocity takes its maximum. The\naverage velocity $\\upsilon$ decreases monotonically with the system size $N$ by\na power law $\\upsilon \\propto N^{-1}$.",
        "positive": "Effective bandwidth of non-Markovian packet traffic: We demonstrate the application of recent advances in statistical mechanics to\na problem in telecommunication engineering: the assessment of the quality of a\ncommunication channel in terms of rare and extreme events. In particular, we\ndiscuss non-Markovian models for telecommunication traffic in continuous time\nand deploy the \"cloning\" procedure of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics to\nefficiently compute their effective bandwidths. The cloning method allows us to\nevaluate the performance of a traffic protocol even in the absence of\nanalytical results, which are often hard to obtain when the dynamics are\nnon-Markovian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mixed-order phase transition in a two-step contagion model with single\n  infectious seed: A hybrid phase transition (HPT) that exhibits properties of continuous and\ndiscontinuous phase transitions at the same transition point has been observed\nin diverse complex systems. Previous studies of the HPTs on complex networks\nmainly focused on whether the order parameter is continuous or discontinuous.\nHowever, more careful and fundamental questions on the critical behaviors of\nthe HPT such as how the divergences of the susceptibility and of the\ncorrelation size are affected by the discontinuity of the order parameter have\nbeen addressed. Here, we consider a generalized epidemic model that is known to\nexhibit a discontinuous transition as a spinodal transition. Performing\nextensive numerical simulations and using finite-size scaling analysis, we\nexamine diverging behaviors of the susceptibility and the correlation size. We\nfind that when there is one infectious node and under a certain condition, the\norder parameter can exhibit a discontinuous jump but does not exhibit any\ncritical behavior before or after the jump. This feature differs from what we\nobserved in HPTs in the percolation pruning process. However, critical behavior\nappears in the form of a power-law behavior of the outbreak size distribution.\nThe mean outbreak size, corresponding to the susceptibility, diverge following\nthe conventional percolation behavior. Thus a mixed-order transition occurs.\nThe hyperscaling relation does not hold.",
        "positive": "Field theory of directed percolation with long-range spreading: It is well established that the phase transition between survival and\nextinction in spreading models with short-range interactions is generically\nassociated with the directed percolation (DP) universality class. In many\nrealistic spreading processes, however, interactions are long ranged and well\ndescribed by L\\'{e}vy-flights, i.e., by a probability distribution that decays\nin $d$ dimensions with distance $r$ as $r^{-d-\\sigma}$. We employ the powerful\nmethods of renormalized field theory to study DP with such long range,\nL\\'{e}vy-flight spreading in some depth. Our results unambiguously corroborate\nearlier findings that there are four renormalization group fixed points\ncorresponding to, respectively, short-range Gaussian, L\\'{e}vy Gaussian,\nshort-range DP and L\\'{e}vy DP, and that there are four lines in the $(\\sigma,\nd)$ plane which separate the stability regions of these fixed points. When the\nstability line between short-range DP and L\\'{e}vy DP is crossed, all critical\nexponents change continuously. We calculate the exponents describing L\\'{e}vy\nDP to second order in $\\epsilon$-expansion, and we compare our analytical\nresults to the results of existing numerical simulations. Furthermore, we\ncalculate the leading logarithmic corrections for several dynamical\nobservables."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact calculations of first-passage properties on the pseudofractal\n  scale-free web: In this paper, we consider discrete time random walks on the pseudofractal\nscale-free web (PSFW) and we study analytically the related first passage\nproperties. First, we classify the nodes of the PSFW into different levels and\npropose a method to derive the generation function of the first passage\nprobability from an arbitrary starting node to the absorbing domain, which is\nlocated at one or more nodes of low-level (i.e., nodes with large degree).\nThen, we calculate exactly the first passage probability, the survival\nprobability, the mean and the variance of first passage time by using the\ngenerating functions as a tool. Finally, for some illustrative examples\ncorresponding to given choices of starting node and absorbing domain, we derive\nexact and explicit results for such first passage properties. The method we\npropose can as well address the cases where the absorbing domain is located at\none or more nodes of high-level on the PSFW, and it can also be used to\ncalculate the first passage properties on other networks with self-similar\nstructure, such as $(u, v)$ flowers and recursive scale-free trees.",
        "positive": "Geometric effect and gauge field in nonequilibrium quantum\n  thermostatistics: The concept of work is studied in quantum thermostatistics of a system\nsurrounded by an environment and driven by an external force. It is found that\nthere emerges the gauge theoretical structure in a nonequilibrium process, the\nfield of which is referred to as the work gauge field. The thermodynamic work\nas the flux of the work gauge field is considered for a cyclic process in the\nspace of the external-force parameters. As an example, the system of a spin-1/2\ninteracting with an external magnetic field is analyzed. This geometric effect\nmay be observed, for example, in an NMR experiment and can be applied to the\nproblem of cooling/heating of a small system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatial prisoner's dilemma game with volunteering in Newman-Watts\n  small-world networks: A modified spatial prisoner's dilemma game with voluntary participation in\nNewman-Watts small-world networks is studied. Some reasonable ingredients are\nintroduced to the game evolutionary dynamics: each agent in the network is a\npure strategist and can only take one of three strategies (\\emph {cooperator},\n\\emph {defector}, and \\emph {loner}); its strategical transformation is\nassociated with both the number of strategical states and the magnitude of\naverage profits, which are adopted and acquired by its coplayers in the\nprevious round of play; a stochastic strategy mutation is applied when it gets\ninto the trouble of \\emph {local commons} that the agent and its neighbors are\nin the same state and get the same average payoffs. In the case of very low\ntemptation to defect, it is found that agents are willing to participate in the\ngame in typical small-world region and intensive collective oscillations arise\nin more random region.",
        "positive": "Guest Charge and Potential Fluctuations in Two-Dimensional Classical\n  Coulomb Systems: A known generalization of the Stillinger-Lovett sum rule for a guest charge\nimmersed in a two-dimensional one-component plasma (the second moment of the\nscreening cloud around this guest charge) is more simply retrieved, just by\nusing the BGY hierarchy for a mixture of several species; the zeroth moment of\nthe excess density around a guest charge immersed in a two-component plasma is\nalso obtained. The moments of the electric potential are related to the excess\nchemical potential of a guest charge; explicit results are obtained in several\nspecial cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mesoscopic structures and the Laplacian spectra of random geometric\n  graphs: We investigate the Laplacian spectra of random geometric graphs (RGGs). The\nspectra are found to consist of both a discrete and a continuous part. The\ndiscrete part is a collection of Dirac delta peaks at integer values roughly\ncentered around the mean degree. The peaks are mainly due to the existence of\nmesoscopic structures that occur far more abundantly in RGGs than in\nnon-spatial networks. The probability of certain mesoscopic structures is\nanalytically calculated for one-dimensional RGGs and they are shown to produce\ninteger-valued eigenvalues that comprise a significant fraction of the\nspectrum, even in the large network limit. A phenomenon reminiscent of\nBose-Einstein condensation in the appearance of zero eigenvalues is also found.",
        "positive": "Universal properties of active membranes: We put forward a general field theory for membranes with embedded activators\nand analyse their critical properties using renormalization group techniques.\nDepending on the membrane-activator coupling, we find a crossover between\nacoustic and diffusive scaling regimes, with mean-field dynamical critical\nexponents z = 1 and 2 respectively. We argue that the acoustic scaling, which\nis exact in all spatial dimensions, is a suitable candidate for the universal\ndescription of the spatiotemporal patterns observed at the leading edge of\nmotile cells. Furthermore, one-loop corrections to the diffusive mean-field\nexponents reveal universal behaviour distinct from the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\nscaling of passive interfaces and signs of strong-coupling behaviour."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Calculation of the Residual Entropy of Ice Ih by Monte Carlo simulation\n  with the Combination of the Replica-Exchange Wang-Landau algorithm and\n  Multicanonical Replica-Exchange Method: We estimated the residual entropy of ice Ih by the recently developed\nsimulation protocol, namely, the combination of Replica-Exchange Wang-Landau\nalgorithm and Multicanonical Replica-Exchange Method. We employed a model with\nthe nearest neighbor interactions on the three-dimensional hexagonal lattice,\nwhich satisfied the ice rules in the ground state. The results showed that our\nestimate of the residual entropy is found to be within 0.038 % of series\nexpansion estimate by Nagle and within 0.000077 % of PEPS algorithm by\nVanderstraeten. In this article, we not only give our latest estimate of the\nresidual entropy of ice Ih but also discuss the importance of the uniformity of\na random number generator in MC simulations.",
        "positive": "Being Heterogeneous Is Advantageous: Extreme Brownian Non-Gaussian\n  Searches: Redundancy in biology may be explained by the need to optimize extreme\nsearching processes, where one or few among many particles are requested to\nreach the target like in human fertilization. We show that non-Gaussian rare\nfluctuations in Brownian diffusion dominates such searches, introducing drastic\ncorrections to the known Gaussian behavior. Our demonstration entails different\nphysical systems and pinpoints the relevance of diversity within redundancy to\nboost fast targeting. We sketch an experimental context to test our results:\npolydisperse systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anisotropy in electrical conductivity and transparency of films of\n  aligned conducting rods: Numerical simulations by means of the Monte Carlo method have been performed\nto study the electrical properties of a two-dimensional composite filled with\nrodlike particles. The main goal was to study the effect of the alignment of\nsuch rods on the anisotropy of its electrical conductivity. A continuous model\nwas used. In this model, the rods have zero-width (i.e. infinite aspect ratio)\nand they may intersect each other. To involve both the low conductive host\nmatrix, and highly conductive fillers (rods) in the consideration, a\ndiscretization algorithm based on the use of a supporting mesh was applied. The\ndiscretization is equivalent to the substitution of rods with the polyominoes.\nOnce discretized, the Frank--Lobb algorithm was applied to evaluate the\nelectrical conductivity. Our main findings are (i) the alignment of the rods\nessentially affects the electrical conductivity and its anisotropy, (ii)the\ndiscrete nature of computer simulations is crucial. For slightly disordered\nsystem, high electrical anisotropy was observed at small filler content,\nsuggesting a method to enable the production of optically transparent and\nhighly anisotropic conducting films.",
        "positive": "Metastable and Unstable Dynamics in multi-phase lattice Boltzmann: We quantitatively characterize the metastability in a multi-phase lattice\nBoltzmann model. The structure factor of density fluctuations is theoretically\nobtained and numerically verified to a high precision, for all simulated\nwave-vectors and reduced temperatures. The static structure factor is found to\nconsistently diverge as the temperature approaches the critical-point or the\ndensity approaches the spinodal line at a sub-critical temperature.\nTheoretically predicted critical exponents are observed in both cases. Finally,\nthe phase separation in the unstable branch follows the same pattern, i.e. the\ngeneration of interfaces with different topology, as observed in molecular\ndynamics simulations. All results can be independently reproduced through the\n``idea.deploy\" framework https://github.com/lullimat/idea.deploy"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface critical behaviour of the vertex-interacting self-avoiding walk\n  on the square lattice: The phase diagram and surface critical behaviour of the vertex-interacting\nself-avoiding walk are examined using transfer matrix methods extended using\nDMRG and coupled with finite-size scaling. Particular attention is paid to the\ncritical exponents at the ordinary and special points along the collapse\ntransition line. The question of the bulk exponents ($\\nu$ and $\\gamma$) is\naddressed, and the results found are at variance with previously conjectured\nexact values.",
        "positive": "Inherent correlations between thermodynamics and statistic physics in\n  extensive and nonextensive systems: With the help of a general expression of the entropies in extensive and\nnonextensive systems, some important relations between thermodynamics and\nstatistical mechanics are revealed through the views of thermodynamics and\nstatistic physics. These relations are proved through the MaxEnt approach once\nagain. It is found that for a reversible isothermal process, the information\ncontained in the first and second laws of thermodynamics and the MaxEnt\napproach is equivalent. Moreover, these relations are used to derive the\nprobability distribution functions in nonextensive and extensive statistics and\ncalculate the generalized forces of some interesting systems. The results\nobtained are of universal significance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mixed-order phase transition in a minimal, diffusion based spin model: In this paper, we exactly solve, within the grand canonical ensemble, a\nminimal spin model with the hybrid phase transition. We call the model\n\"diffusion-based\" because its hamiltonian can be recovered from a simple\ndynamic procedure, which can be seen as an equilibrium statistical mechanics\nrepresentation of a biased random walk. We outline the derivation of the phase\ndiagram of the model, in which the triple point has the hallmarks of the hybrid\ntransition: discontinuity in the average magnetization and algebraically\ndiverging susceptibilities. At this point, two second-order transition curves\nmeet in equilibrium with the first-order curve, resulting in a prototypical\nmixed-order behavior.",
        "positive": "Record statistics of emitted energies -- prediction of an upcoming\n  failure: The article reports a numerical investigation of the breakdown of a\ndisordered system considering the effect of local stress concentration under\nthe action of an external tensile force. The statistics of the record-breaking\nmagnitudes of emitted energies during the failure process, as well as the\nwaiting time to achieve those record events, show rich behavior. The latter\nincludes information about the acceleration and subsequent catastrophic failure\nthrough its non-monotonic behavior. The maximum waiting time is also correlated\nwith the maximum change in elastic energy as the model evolves, a different way\nof predicting an upcoming failure, which is consistent with our hypothesis as\nwell. At a moderate disorder, such a prediction can be done with higher\naccuracy while at a low disorder, due to the abrupt nature of the failure\nprocess our hypothesis does not hold well."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Population Monte Carlo algorithms: We give a cross-disciplinary survey on ``population'' Monte Carlo algorithms.\nIn these algorithms, a set of ``walkers'' or ``particles'' is used as a\nrepresentation of a high-dimensional vector. The computation is carried out by\na random walk and split/deletion of these objects. The algorithms are developed\nin various fields in physics and statistical sciences and called by lots of\ndifferent terms -- ``quantum Monte Carlo'', ``transfer-matrix Monte Carlo'',\n``Monte Carlo filter (particle filter)'',``sequential Monte Carlo'' and\n``PERM'' etc. Here we discuss them in a coherent framework. We also touch on\nrelated algorithms -- genetic algorithms and annealed importance sampling.",
        "positive": "Steady State Behavior of Mechanically Perturbed Spin Glasses and\n  Ferromagnets: A zero temperature dynamics of Ising spin glasses and ferromagnets on random\ngraphs of finite connectivity is considered, like granular media these systems\nhave an extensive entropy of metastable states. We consider the problem of what\nenergy a randomly prepared spin system falls to before becoming stuck in a\nmetastable state. We then introduce a tapping mechanism, analogous to that of\nreal experiments on granular media, this tapping, corresponding to flipping\nsimultaneously any spin with probability $p$, leads to stationary regime with a\nsteady state energy $E(p)$. We explicitly solve this problem for the one\ndimensional ferromagnet and $\\pm J$ spin glass and carry out extensive\nnumerical simulations for spin systems of higher connectivity. The link with\nthe density of metastable states at fixed energy and the idea of Edwards that\none may construct a thermodynamics with a flat measure over metastable states\nis discussed. In addition our simulations on the ferromagnetic systems reveal a\nnovel first order transition, whereas the usual thermodynamic transition on\nthese graphs is second order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Law without law or \"just\" limit theorems?: About 35 years ago Wheeler introduced the motto `law without law' to\nhighlight the possibility that (at least a part of) Physics may be understood\nonly following {\\em regularity principles} and few relevant facts, rather than\nrelying on a treatment in terms of fundamental theories. Such a proposal can be\nseen as part of a more general attempt (including the maximum entropy approach)\nsummarized by the slogan `it from bit', which privileges the information as the\nbasic ingredient. Apparently it seems that it is possible to obtain, without\nthe use of physical laws, some important results in an easy way, for instance,\nthe probability distribution of the canonical ensemble. In this paper we will\npresent a general discussion on those ideas of Wheeler's that originated the\nmotto `law without law'. In particular we will show how the claimed simplicity\nis only apparent and it is rather easy to produce wrong results. We will show\nthat it is possible to obtain some of the results treated by Wheeler in the\nrealm of the statistical mechanics, using precise assumptions and nontrivial\nresults of probability theory, mainly concerning ergodicity and limit theorems.",
        "positive": "Scaling in stock market data: stable laws and beyond: The concepts of scale invariance, self-similarity and scaling have been\nfruitfully applied to the study of price fluctuations in financial markets.\nAfter a brief review of the properties of stable Levy distributions and their\napplications to market data we indicate the shortcomings of such models and\ndescribe the truncated Levy flight as an alternative model for price movements.\nFurthermore, studying the dependence structure of the price increments shows\nthat while their autocorrelation function decreases rapidly to zero, the\ncorrelation of their squares and absolute values shows a slow power law decay,\nindicating persistence in the scale of fluctuations, a property which can be\nrelated to the anomalous scaling of the kurtosis. In the last section we\nreview, in the light of these empirical facts, recent attempts to draw\nanalogies between scaling in financial markets and in turbulent flows."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic versus Topological Phase Transitions: Cusp in the\n  Kert\u00e9sz Line: We present a study of phase transitions of the Curie--Weiss Potts model at\n(inverse) temperature $\\beta$, in presence of an external field $h$. Both\nthermodynamic and topological aspects of these transitions are considered. For\nthe first aspect we complement previous results and give an explicit equation\nof the thermodynamic transition line in the $\\beta$--$h$ plane as well as the\nmagnitude of the jump of the magnetization (for $q \\geqslant 3)$. The signature\nof the latter aspect is characterized here by the presence or not of a giant\ncomponent in the clusters of a Fortuin--Kasteleyn type representation of the\nmodel. We give the equation of the Kert\\'esz line separating (in the\n$\\beta$--$h$ plane) the two behaviours. As a result, we get that this line\nexhibits, as soon as $q \\geqslant 3$, a very interesting cusp where it\nseparates from the thermodynamic transition line.",
        "positive": "Quantum Recurrences in a One-Dimensional Gas of Impenetrable Bosons: It is well-known that a dilute one-dimensional (1D) gas of bosons with\ninfinitely strong repulsive interactions behaves like a gas of free fermions.\nJust as with conduction electrons in metals, we consider a single-particle\npicture of the resulting dynamics, when the gas is isolated by enclosing it\ninto a box with hard walls and preparing it in a special initial state. We\nshow, by solving the nonstationary problem of a free particle in a 1D hard-wall\nbox, that the single-particle state recurs in time, signaling the intuitively\nexpected back-and-forth motion of a free particle moving in a confined space.\nUnder suitable conditions, the state of the whole gas can then be made to recur\nif all the particles are put in the same initial momentum superposition. We\nintroduce this problem here as a modern instance of the discussions giving rise\nto the famous recurrence paradox in statistical mechanics: on one hand, our\nresults may be used to develop a poor man's interpretation of the recurrence of\nthe initial state observed [T. Kinoshita et al, Nature 440, 900 (2006)] in\ntrapped 1D Bose gases of cold atoms, for which our estimated recurrence time is\nin fair agreement with the period of the oscillations observed; but this\nexperiment, on the other hand, has been substantially influential on the belief\nthat an isolated quantum many-body system can equilibrate as a consequence of\nits own unitary nonequilibrium dynamics. Some ideas regarding the latter are\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nontrivial damping of quantum many-body dynamics: Understanding how the dynamics of a given quantum system with many degrees of\nfreedom is altered by the presence of a generic perturbation is a notoriously\ndifficult question. Recent works predict that, in the overwhelming majority of\ncases, the unperturbed dynamics is just damped by a simple function, e.g.,\nexponentially as expected from Fermi's golden rule. While these predictions\nrely on random-matrix arguments and typicality, they can only be verified for a\nspecific physical situation by comparing to the actual solution or measurement.\nCrucially, it also remains unclear how frequent and under which conditions\ncounterexamples to the typical behavior occur. In this work, we discuss this\nquestion from the perspective of projection-operator techniques, where\nexponential damping of a density matrix occurs in the interaction picture but\nnot necessarily in the Schr\\\"odinger picture. We show that a nontrivial damping\nin the Schr\\\"odinger picture can emerge if the dynamics in the unperturbed\nsystem possesses rich features, for instance due to the presence of strong\ninteractions. This suggestion has consequences for the time dependence of\ncorrelation functions. We substantiate our theoretical arguments by large-scale\nnumerical simulations of charge transport in the extended Fermi-Hubbard chain,\nwhere the nearest-neighbor interactions are treated as a perturbation to the\nintegrable reference system.",
        "positive": "Freezing of an unconventional two-dimensional plasma: We study an unconventional two-dimensional, two-component classical plasma on\na sphere, with emphasis on detecting signatures of melting transitions. This\nsystem is relevant to Ising-type quantum Hall states, and is unconventional in\nthe sense that it features particles interacting via two different\ntwo-dimensional Coulomb interactions. One species of particles in the plasma\ncarries charge of both types (Q_1,Q_2), while the other species carries only\ncharge of the second type (0,-Q_2). We find signatures of a freezing transition\nat Q_1^2 approximately 140. This means that the species with charge of both\ntypes will form a Wigner crystal, whereas the species with charge of the second\ntype also shows signatures of being a Wigner crystal, due to the attractive\ninter-component interaction of the second type. Moreover, there is also a\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition at Q_2^2 approximately 4, at\nwhich the two species of particles bind to form molecules that are neutral with\nrespect to the second Coulomb interaction. These two transitions appear to be\nindependent of each other, giving a rectangular phase diagram. As a special\ncase, Q_2=0 describes the (conventional) two-dimensional one-component plasma.\nOur study is consistent with previous studies of this plasma, and sheds new\nlight on the freezing transition of this system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Model for Motions of Impurities in Bose-Einstein Condensates: A model for classical impurities moving in Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) is\nproposed in the framework of quantum field theory and is solved within the\nBogoliubov approximation at zero temperature. Several formulae are obtained for\nphysical quantities such as the occupation number, the dissipation, the free\nenergy, and the depletion. To illustrate this model two examples are studied;\nan impurity moving with i) a constant velocity and ii) a constant acceleration.\nLandau's criterion for energy dissipation accompanying the motion of impurities\ndue to creation of quasi-particles in a superfluid, which was proposed on the\nbasis of purely phenomenological argument, is obtained in the frame work of an\nexact quantum mechanical model.",
        "positive": "Exactly Solvable Model of Randomly Coupled Twisted Superconducting\n  Bilayers: Motivated by recent experiments on twisted junctions of cuprate\nsuperconductors (SC), it was proposed [1] that at zero temperature, a random\nfirst order Josephson coupling $J_1(\\textbf{r}) \\cos \\phi$ generates an\n\"effective\" global second order coupling, $J_2\\cos(2\\phi)$, with a sign that\nfavors $\\phi = \\pm \\pi/2$, i.e., spontaneous breaking of time reversal symmetry\n(TRS). To obtain a more controlled understanding of the suggested\n\"disorder-induced-order\" mechanism, we construct an exactly solvable lattice\nmean field model and prove that when the disorder-average $\\bar{J}_1=0$, the\nmodel exhibits a TRS breaking phase for all temperatures below the SC\ntransition, i.e., $T_c = T_{\\mathrm{TRSB}}$, regardless of the specific form of\ndisorder. In the presence of nonzero $\\bar{J}_1\\ne 0$, we show that the two\ntransitions split linearly for small $\\bar{J}_1 \\ll \\kappa$ (where $\\kappa$ is\nthe in-plane SC stiffness), and that $T_{\\mathrm{TRSB}}$ vanishes for $\\bar\nJ_1> J_c$ where $ J_c= \\overline{J^2_1}/\\kappa$ in the weak disorder limit.\n  [1] A. C. Yuan, Y. Vituri, E. Berg, B. Spivak, and S. A. Kivelson,\nInhomogeneity-induced time-reversal symmetry breaking in cuprate\ntwist-junctions, arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.15472 (2023)"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo investigations of phase transitions: status and perspectives: Using the concept of finite-size scaling, Monte Carlo calculations of various\nmodels have become a very useful tool for the study of critical phenomena, with\nthe system linear dimension as a variable. As an example, several recent\nstudies of Ising models are discussed, as well as the extension to models of\npolymer mixtures and solutions. It is shown that using appropriate cluster\nalgorithms, even the scaling functions describing the crossover from the Ising\nuniversality class to the mean-field behavior with increasing interaction range\ncan be described. Additionally, the issue of finite-size scaling in Ising\nmodels above the marginal dimension (d*=4) is discussed.",
        "positive": "Response of non-equilibrium systems at criticality: Ferromagnetic models\n  in dimension two and above: We study the dynamics of ferromagnetic spin systems quenched from infinite\ntemperature to their critical point. We show that these systems are aging in\nthe long-time regime, i.e., their two-time autocorrelation and response\nfunctions and associated fluctuation-dissipation ratio are non-trivial scaling\nfunctions of both time variables. This is exemplified by the exact analysis of\nthe spherical model in any dimension D>2, and by numerical simulations on the\ntwo-dimensional Ising model. We show in particular that, for $1\\ll s$ (waiting\ntime) $\\ll t$ (observation time), the fluctuation-dissipation ratio possesses a\nnon-trivial limit value $X_\\infty$, which appears as a dimensionless amplitude\nratio, and is therefore a novel universal characteristic of non-equilibrium\ncritical dynamics. For the spherical model, we obtain $X_\\infty=1-2/D$ for\n2<D<4, and $X_\\infty=1/2$ for D>4 (mean-field regime). For the two-dimensional\nIsing model we measure $X_\\infty\\approx0.26\\pm0.01$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonextensive thermodynamic formalism for chaotic dynamical systems: A nonextensive thermostatic approach to chaotic dynamical systems is\ndeveloped by expressing generalized Tsallis distribution as escort\ndistribution. We explicitly show the thermodynamic limit and also derive the\nLegendre Transform structure. As an application, bit variance is calculated for\nergodic logistic map. Consistency of the formalism demands a relation between\nbox size ($\\epsilon$) and degree of nonextensivity, given as $(1-q)\\sim -1/{\\rm\nln} \\epsilon$. This relation is numerically verified for the case of bit\nvariance as well as using basic definition of Tsallis entropy.",
        "positive": "Estimating equilibrium ensemble averages using multiple time slices from\n  driven nonequilibrium processes: theory and application to free energies,\n  moments, and thermodynamic length in single-molecule pulling experiments: Recently discovered identities in statistical mechanics have enabled the\ncalculation of equilibrium ensemble averages from realizations of driven\nnonequilibrium processes, including single-molecule pulling experiments and\nanalogous computer simulations. Challenges in collecting large data sets\nmotivate the pursuit of efficient statistical estimators that maximize use of\navailable information. Along these lines, Hummer and Szabo developed an\nestimator that combines data from multiple time slices along a driven\nnonequilibrium process to compute the potential of mean force. Here, we\ngeneralize their approach, pooling information from multiple time slices to\nestimate arbitrary equilibrium expectations. Our expression may be combined\nwith estimators of path-ensemble averages, including existing optimal\nestimators that use data collected by unidirectional and bidirectional\nprotocols. We demonstrate the estimator by calculating free energies, moments\nof the polymer extension, and the metric tensor for thermodynamic length in a\nmodel single-molecule pulling experiment. Compared to estimators that only use\nindividual time slices, our multiple time-slice estimators yield substantially\nsmoother estimates and achieve lower variance for higher-order moments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Corrections to local scale invariance in the non-equilibrium dynamics of\n  critical systems: numerical evidences: Local scale invariance (LSI) has been recently proposed as a possible\nextension of the dynamical scaling in systems at the critical point and during\nphase ordering. LSI has been applied inter alia to provide predictions for the\nscaling properties of the response function of non-equilibrium critical systems\nin the aging regime following a quench from the high-temperature phase to the\ncritical point. These predictions have been confirmed by Monte Carlo\nsimulations and analytical results for some specific models, but they are in\ndisagreement with field-theoretical predictions. By means of Monte Carlo\nsimulations of the critical two- and three-dimensional Ising model with Glauber\ndynamics, we study the intermediate integrated response, finding deviations\nfrom the corresponding LSI predictions that are in qualitative agreement with\nthe field-theoretical computations. This result casts some doubts on the\ngeneral applicability of LSI to critical dynamics.",
        "positive": "Gibbsian properties and convergence of the iterates for the Block\n  Averaging Transformation: We analyze the Block Averaging Transformation applied to the two--dimensional\nIsing model in the uniqueness region. We discuss the Gibbs property of the\nrenormalized measure and the convergence of renormalized potential under\niteration of the map. It turns out that for any temperature $T$ higher than the\ncritical one $T_c$ the renormalized measure is strongly Gibbsian, whereas for\n$T<T_c$ we have only weak Gibbsianity. Accordingly, we have convergence of the\nrenormalized potential in a strong sense for $T>T_c$ and in a weak sense for\n$T<T_c$. Since we are arbitrarily close to the coexistence region we have a\ndiverging characteristic length of the system: the correlation length or the\ncritical length for metastability, or both. Thus, to perturbatively treat the\nproblem we use a scale--adapted expansion. The more delicate case is $T<T_c$\nwhere we have a situation similar to that of a disordered system in the\npresence of a Griffiths' singularity. In this case we use a graded cluster\nexpansion whose minimal scale length is diverging when approaching the\ncoexistence line."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady state properties of a mean field model of driven inelastic\n  mixtures: We investigate a Maxwell model of inelastic granular mixture under the\ninfluence of a stochastic driving and obtain its steady state properties in the\ncontext of classical kinetic theory. The model is studied analytically by\ncomputing the moments up to the eighth order and approximating the\ndistributions by means of a Sonine polynomial expansion method. The main\nfindings concern the existence of two different granular temperatures, one for\neach species, and the characterization of the distribution functions, whose\ntails are in general more populated than those of an elastic system. These\nanalytical results are tested against Monte Carlo numerical simulations of the\nmodel and are in general in good agreement. The simulations, however, reveal\nthe presence of pronounced non-gaussian tails in the case of an infinite\ntemperature bath, which are not well reproduced by the Sonine method.",
        "positive": "Transport fluctuations in integrable models out of equilibrium: We propose exact results for the full counting statistics, or the scaled\ncumulant generating function, pertaining to the transfer of arbitrary conserved\nquantities across an interface in homogeneous integrable models out of\nequilibrium. We do this by combining insights from generalised hydrodynamics\nwith a theory of large deviations in ballistic transport. The results are\napplicable to a wide variety of physical systems, including the Lieb-Liniger\ngas and the Heisenberg chain. We confirm the predictions in non-equilibrium\nsteady states obtained by the partitioning protocol, by comparing with Monte\nCarlo simulations of this protocol in the classical hard rod gas. We verify\nnumerically that the exact results obey the correct non-equilibrium fluctuation\nrelations with the appropriate initial conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pseudo--epsilon expansion of six--loop renormalization group functions\n  of an anisotropic cubic model: Six-loop massive scheme renormalization group functions of a d=3-dimensional\ncubic model (J.M. Carmona, A. Pelissetto, and E. Vicari, Phys. Rev. B vol. 61,\n15136 (2000)) are reconsidered by means of the pseudo-epsilon expansion. The\nmarginal order parameter components number N_c=2.862(5) as well as critical\nexponents of the cubic model are obtained. Our estimate N_c<3 leads in\nparticular to the conclusion that all ferromagnetic cubic crystals with three\neasy axis should undergo a first order phase transition.",
        "positive": "Validity of the factorization approximation and correlation induced by\n  nonextensivity in $N$-unit independent systems: We have discussed the validity of the factorization approximation (FA) and\nnonextensivity-induced correlation, by using the multivariate $q$-Gaussian\nprobability distribution function (PDF) for $N$-unit independent nonextensive\nsystems. The Tsallis entropy is shown to be expressed by $S_q^{(N)} =\nS_{q,FA}^{(N)}+ \\Delta S_q^{(N)}$ where $q$ denotes the entropic index,\n$S_{q,FA}^{(N)}$ a contribution in the FA, and $\\Delta S_q^{(N)}$ a correction\nterm. It is pointed out that the correction term of $\\Delta S_q^{(N)}$ is\nconsiderable for large $| q-1 |$ and/or large $N$ because the multivariate PDF\ncannot be expressed by the factorized form which is assumed in the FA. This\nimplies that the pseudoadditivity of the Tsallis entropy, which is obtained\nwith PDFs in the FA, does not hold although it is commonly postulated in the\nliteratures. We have calculated correlations defined by $C_m= < (\\delta x_i\n\\:\\delta x_j)^m >_q -< (\\delta x_i)^m >_q\\: < (\\delta x_j)^m >_q$ for $i \\neq\nj$, where $\\delta x_i=x_i -< x_i >_q$ and $<\\cdot >_q$ stands for $q$-average\nover the escort PDF. It has been shown that $C_1$ expresses the intrinsic\ncorrelation and that $C_m$ with $m \\geq 2$ signifies correlation induced by\nnonextensivity whose physical origin is elucidated within the superstatistics.\nPDFs calculated for the classical ideal gas and harmonic oscillator are\ncompared with the $q$-Gaussian PDF. A discussion on the $q$-product PDF is\npresented also."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Breakdown of the power-law decay prediction of the heat current\n  correlation in one-dimensional momentum conserving lattices: We show that the asymmetric inter-particle interactions can induce rapid\ndecay of the heat current correlation in one-dimensional momentum conserving\nlattices. When the asymmetry degree is appropriate, even exponential decay may\narise. This fact suggests that the power-law decay predicted by the\nhydrodynamics may not be applied to the lattices with asymmetric inter-particle\ninteractions, and as a result, the Green-Kubo formula may instead lead to a\nconvergent heat conductivity in the thermodynamic limit. The mechanism of the\nrapid decay is traced back to the fact that the heat current has to drive a\nmass current additionally in the presence of the asymmetric inter-particle\ninteractions.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation properties of an effective nonlinear system subject to\n  Poisson noise: We study the work fluctuations of a particle, confined to a moving harmonic\npotential, under the influence of friction and external Poissonian shot noise.\nThe asymmetry of the noise induces an effective nonlinearity in the potential,\nwhich in turn leads to singular features in the work distribution. On the basis\nof an analytic solution we find that the conventional fluctuation theorem is\nviolated in this model, even though the distribution exhibits a large deviation\nform. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the interplay of the various time scales\nleads to critical behaviors, such as a negative fluctuation function and a\ndivergence in the work distribution at the singularity. In a certain parameter\nregime large negative work fluctuations are more likely to occur than the\ncorresponding positive ones, though the average work is always positive, in\nagreement with the second law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Engineering Ratchet-Based Particle Separation via Shortcuts to\n  Isothermality: Microscopic particle separation plays vital role in various scientific and\nindustrial domains. In this Letter, we propose a universal non-equilibrium\nthermodynamic approach, employing the concept of Shortcuts to Isothermality, to\nrealize controllable separation of overdamped Brownian particles. By utilizing\na designed ratchet potential with temporal period $\\tau$, we find in the\nslow-driving regime that the average particle velocity\n$\\Bar{v}_s\\propto\\left(1-D/D^*\\right)\\tau^{-1}$, indicating that particles with\ndifferent diffusion coefficients $D$ can be guided to move in distinct\ndirections with a preset $D^*$. Furthermore, we reveal that there exists an\nextra energetic cost with a lower bound\n$W_{\\rm{ex}}^{(\\rm{min})}\\propto\\mathcal{L}^{2}\\Bar{v}_s$, alongside a\nquasi-static work consumption. Here, $\\mathcal{L}$ is the thermodynamic length\nof the driving loop in the parametric space. We numerically validate our\ntheoretical findings and illustrate the optimal separation protocol (associated\nwith $W_{\\rm{ex}}^{(\\rm{min})}$) with a sawtooth potential. This study\nestablishes a bridge between thermodynamic process engineering and particle\nseparation, paving the way for further explorations of thermodynamic constrains\nand optimal control in ratchet-based particle separation.",
        "positive": "A new monte carlo algorithm for growing compact Self Avoiding Walks: We propose an algorithm based on local growth rules for kinetically\ngenerating self avoiding walk configurations at any given temperature. This\nalgorithm, called the Interacting Growth Walk (IGW) algorithm, does not suffer\nfrom attrition on a square lattice at zero temperature, in contrast to the\nexisting algorithms. More importantly, the IGW algorithm facilitates growing\ncompact configurations at lower temperatures - a feature that makes it\nattractive for studying a variety of processes such as the folding of proteins.\nWe demonstrate that our algorithm correctly describes the collapse transition\nof a homopolymer in two dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ensemble Optimization Techniques for the Simulation of Slowly\n  Equilibrating Systems: Competing phases or interactions in complex many-particle systems can result\nin free energy barriers that strongly suppress thermal equilibration. Here we\ndiscuss how extended ensemble Monte Carlo simulations can be used to study the\nequilibrium behavior of such systems. Special focus will be given to a recently\ndeveloped adaptive Monte Carlo technique that is capable to explore and\novercome the entropic barriers which cause the slow-down. We discuss this\ntechnique in the context of broad-histogram Monte Carlo algorithms as well as\nits application to replica-exchange methods such as parallel tempering. We\nbriefly discuss a number of examples including low-temperature states of\nmagnetic systems with competing interactions and dense liquids.",
        "positive": "Hyperbolic angular statistics for globally coupled phase oscillators: We analytically discuss a multiplicative noise generalization of the\nKuramoto-Sakaguchi dynamics for an assembly of globally coupled phase\noscillators. In the mean field limit, the resulting class of invariant measures\ncoincides with a generalized, two parameter family of angular von Mises\nprobability distributions which is governed by the exit law from the unit disc\nof a hyperbolic drifted Brownian motion. Our dynamics offers a simple yet\nanalytically tractable generalization of Kuramoto-Sakaguchi dynamics with two\ncontrol parameters. We derive an exact and very compact relation between the\ntwo control parameters at the onset of phase oscillators synchronization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamic equations for the Ablowitz-Ladik discretization of the\n  nonlinear Schroedinger equation: Ablowitz and Ladik discovered a discretization which preserves the\nintegrability of the nonlinear Schroedinger equation in one dimension. We\ncompute the generalized free energy of this model and determine the GGE\naveraged fields and currents. They are linked to the mean-field circular\nunitary matrix ensemble (CUE). The resulting hydrodynamic equations follow the\npattern already known from other integrable many-body systems. Studied is also\nthe discretized modified Korteweg-de-Vries equation which turns out to be\nrelated to the beta Jacobi log gas.",
        "positive": "Liquid-liquid phase transition in an atomistic model glass former: Whether the glass transition is caused by an underlying singularity or is a\npurely kinetic phenomenon is a significant outstanding question. Studying an\natomistic glass former, we introduce a sampling method to access temperatures\ncorresponding to dynamical regimes usually hard to reach with computer\nsimulation. We find a peak in the specific heat, which we interpret as a drop\nin the density of states. We further present evidence of a liquid-liquid\ntransition to a state rich in locally favoured structures related to a recently\ndiscovered dynamical phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Eikonal solutions for moment hierarchies of Chemical Reaction Networks\n  in the limits of large particle number: Trajectory-based methods are well-developed to approximate steady-state\nprobability distributions for stochastic processes in large-system limits. The\ntrajectories are solutions to equations of motion of Hamiltonian dynamical\nsystems, and are known as eikonals. They also express the leading flow lines\nalong which probability currents balance. The existing eikonal methods for\ndiscrete-state processes including chemical reaction networks are based on the\nLiouville operator that evolves generating functions of the underlying\nprobability distribution. We have previously derived a representation for the\ngenerators of such processes that acts directly in the hierarchy of moments of\nthe distribution, rather than on the distribution itself or on its generating\nfunction. We show here how in the large-system limit the steady-state condition\nfor that generator reduces to a mapping from eikonals to the ratios of\nneighboring factorial moments, as a function of the order $k$ of these moments.\nThe construction shows that the boundary values for the moment hierarchy, and\nthus its whole solution, are anchored in the interior fixed points of the\nHamiltonian system, a result familiar from Freidlin-Wenztell theory. The direct\nderivation of eikonals from the moment representation further illustrates the\nrelation between coherent-state and number fields in Doi-Peliti theory,\nclarifying the role of canonical transformations in that theory.",
        "positive": "Passive objects in confined active fluids: a localization transition: We study how walls confining active fluids interact with asymmetric passive\nobjects placed in their bulk. We show that the objects experience\nnon-conservative long-ranged forces mediated by the active bath. To leading\norder, these forces can be computed using a generalized image theorem. The\nwalls repel asymmetric objects, irrespective of their microscopic properties or\ntheir orientations. For circular cavities, we demonstrate how this may lead to\nthe localization of asymmetric objects in the center of the cavity, something\nimpossible for symmetric ones."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Investigating Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transitions in\n  Kagome spin ice by quantifying Monte Carlo process: Distribution of Hamming\n  distances: We reinvestigate the phase transitions of the Ising model on the Kagome\nlattice with antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor and ferromagnetic\nnext-nearest-neighbor interactions, which has a six-state-clock spin ice ground\nstate and two consecutive Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase\ntransitions. Employing the classical Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, the phases\nare characterized by the magnetic order parameter, and the critical\ntemperatures are obtained by the finite-size scaling of related physical\nquantities. Moreover, we attempt to gain general information on the phase\ntransitions from the MC process instead of MC results and successfully extract\nthe correct transition points with surprisingly high accuracy. Specifically, we\nfocus on the selected data set of uncorrelated MC configurations and quantify\nthe MC process using the distribution of two-configuration Hamming distances in\nthis small data collection. This distribution is more than a quantity that\nfeatures different behaviors in different phases but also nicely supports the\nsame BKT scaling form as the order parameter, from which we successfully\ndetermine the two BKT transition points with surprisingly high accuracy. We\nalso discuss the connection between the phase transitions and the intrinsic\ndimension extracted from the Hamming distances, which is widely used in the\ngrowing field of machine learning and is reported to be able to detect critical\npoints. Our findings provide a new understanding of the spin ice transitions in\nthe Kagome lattice and can hopefully be used similarly to identify transitions\nin the quantum system on the same lattice with strong frustrations.",
        "positive": "Order-by-disorder in the antiferromagnetic Ising model on an elastic\n  triangular lattice: Geometrically frustrated materials have a ground-state degeneracy that may be\nlifted by subtle effects, such as higher order interactions causing small\nenergetic preferences for ordered structures. Alternatively, ordering may\nresult from entropic differences between configurations in an effect termed\norder-by-disorder. Motivated by recent experiments in a frustrated colloidal\nsystem in which ordering is suspected to result from entropy, we consider in\nthis paper, the antiferromagnetic Ising model on a deformable triangular\nlattice. We calculate the displacements exactly at the microscopic level, and\ncontrary to previous studies, find a partially disordered ground state of\nrandomly zigzagging stripes. Each such configuration is deformed differently\nand thus has a unique phonon spectrum with distinct entropy, thus lifting the\ndegeneracy at finite temperature. Nonetheless, due to the free-energy barriers\nbetween the ground-state configurations, the system falls into a disordered\nglassy state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Size--sensitive melting characteristics of gallium clusters: Comparison\n  of Experiment and Theory for Ga$_{17}{}^{+}$ and Ga$_{20}{}^{+}$: Experiments and simulations have been performed to examine the\nfinite-temperature behavior of Ga$_{17}{}^{+}$ and Ga$_{20}{}^{+}$ clusters.\nSpecific heats and average collision cross sections have been measured as a\nfunction of temperature, and the results compared to simulations performed\nusing first principles Density--Functional Molecular--Dynamics. The\nexperimental results show that while Ga$_{17}{}^{+}$ apparently undergoes a\nsolid--liquid transition without a significant peak in the specific--heat,\nGa$_{20}{}^{+}$ melts with a relatively sharp peak. Our analysis of the\ncomputational results indicate a strong correlation between the ground--state\ngeometry and the finite--temperature behavior of the cluster. If the\nground--state geometry is symmetric and \"ordered\" the cluster is found to have\na distinct peak in the specific--heat. However, if the ground--state geometry\nis amorphous or \"disordered\" the cluster melts without a peak in the\nspecific--heat.",
        "positive": "Collective Diffusion and a Random Energy Landscape: Starting from a master equation in a quantum Hamiltonian form and a coupling\nto a heat bath we derive an evolution equation for a collective hopping process\nunder the influence of a stochastic energy landscape. There results different\nequations in case of an arbitrary occupation number per lattice site or in a\nsystem under exclusion. Based on scaling arguments it will be demonstrated that\nboth systems belong below the critical dimension $d_c$ to the same universality\nclass leading to anomalous diffusion in the long time limit. The dynamical\nexponent $z$ can be calculated by an $\\epsilon = d_c-d$ expansion. Above the\ncritical dimension we discuss the differences in the diffusion constant for\nsufficient high temperatures. For a random potential we find a higher mobility\nfor systems with exclusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "What does dynamical systems theory teach us about fluids?: We use molecular dynamics simulations to compute the Lyapunov spectra of\nmany-particle systems resembling simple fluids in thermal equilibrium and in\nnon-equilibrium stationary states. Here we review some of the most interesting\nresults and point to open questions.",
        "positive": "A Toolbox for Quantifying Memory in Dynamics Along Reaction Coordinates: Memory effects in time-series of experimental observables are ubiquitous,\nhave important cosequences for the interpretation of kinetic data, and may even\naffect the function of biomolecular nanomachines such as enzymes. Here we\npropose a set of complementary methods for quantifying conclusively the\nmagnitude and duration of memory in a time series of a reaction coordinate. The\ntoolbox is general, robust, easy to use, and does not rely on any underlying\nmicroscopic model. As a proof of concept we apply it to the analysis of memory\nin the dynamics of the end-to-end distance of the analytically solvable\nRouse-polymer model, an experimental time-series of extensions of a single DNA\nhairpin measured by optical tweezers, and the fraction of native contacts in a\nsmall protein probed by atomistic Molecular Dynamics simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-Similarity and Scaling in Forest Communities: Ecological communities exhibit pervasive patterns and inter-relationships\nbetween size, abundance, and the availability of resources. We use scaling\nideas to develop a unified, model-independent framework for understanding the\ndistribution of tree sizes, their energy use and spatial distribution in\ntropical forests. We demonstrate that the scaling of the tree crown at the\nindividual level drives the forest structure when resources are fully used. Our\npredictions match perfectly with the scaling behaviour of an exactly solvable\nself-similar model of a forest and are in good accord with empirical data. The\nrange, over which pure power law behaviour is observed, depends on the\navailable amount of resources. The scaling framework can be used for assessing\nthe effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on ecosystem structure\nand functionality.",
        "positive": "A Cellular Automaton Model of Damage: We investigate the role of equilibrium methods and stress transfer range in\ndescribing the process of damage. We find that equilibrium approaches are not\napplicable to the description of damage and the catastrophic failure mechanism\nif the stress transfer is short ranged. In the long range limit, equilibrium\nmethods apply only if the healing mechanism associated with ruptured elements\nis instantaneous. Furthermore we find that the nature of the catastrophic\nfailure depends strongly on the stress transfer range. Long range transfer\nsystems have a failure mechanism that resembles nucleation. In short range\nstress transfer systems, the catastrophic failure is a continuous process that,\nin some respects, resembles a critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chain Formation in a 2-Dimensional System of Hard Spheres with a Short\n  Range, Anisotropic Interaction: We analyze a generalization of the hard sphere dipole system in two\ndimensions in which the interaction range of the interaction can be varied. We\nfocus on the system in the limit the interaction becomes increasingly\nshort-ranged, while the temperature becomes low. By using a cluster expansion\nand taking advantage of low temperatures to perform saddle-point\napproximations, we argue that a well defined double limit exists in which the\nonly structures which contribute to the free energy are chains. We then argue\nthat the dominance of chain structures is equivalent to the dominance of chain\ndiagrams in a cluster expansion, but only if the expansion is performed around\na hard sphere system (rather than the standard ideal gas). We show that this\nleads to non-standard factorization rules for diagrams, and use this to\nconstruct a closed-form expression for the free energy at low densities. We\nthen compare this construction to several models previously developed for the\nhard sphere dipole system in the regime where chain structures dominate, and\nargue that the comparison provides evidence in favor of one model over the\nothers. We also use this construction to incorporate some finite density\neffects though the hard sphere radial distribution function, and analyze the\nimpact of these effects on chain length and the equation of state.",
        "positive": "Simple stochastic models showing strong anomalous diffusion: We show that {\\it strong} anomalous diffusion, i.e. $\\mean{|x(t)|^q} \\sim\nt^{q \\nu(q)}$ where $q \\nu(q)$ is a nonlinear function of $q$, is a generic\nphenomenon within a class of generalized continuous-time random walks. For such\nclass of systems it is possible to compute analytically nu(2n) where n is an\ninteger number. The presence of strong anomalous diffusion implies that the\ndata collapse of the probability density function P(x,t)=t^{-nu}F(x/t^nu)\ncannot hold, a part (sometimes) in the limit of very small x/t^\\nu, now\nnu=lim_{q to 0} nu(q). Moreover the comparison with previous numerical results\nshows that the shape of F(x/t^nu) is not universal, i.e., one can have systems\nwith the same nu but different F."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sweetest taboo processes: Brownian dynamics play a key role in understanding the diffusive transport of\nmicro particles in a bounded environment. In geometries containing confining\nwalls, physical laws determine the behavior of the random trajectories at the\nboundaries. For impenetrable walls, imposing reflecting boundary conditions to\nthe Brownian particles leads to dynamics described by reflecting stochastic\ndifferential equations. In practice, these stochastic differential equations as\nwell as their refinements are quite challenging to handle, and more\nimportantly, many physical processes are better modeled by processes\nconditioned to stay in a prescribed bounded region. In the mathematical\nliterature, these processes are known as taboo processes, and despite their\nsimplicity, at least compared to the reflecting stochastic differential\nequations approach, are surprisingly not much exploited in physics. This paper\nexplores some aspect of taboo processes and other constrained processes in\nsimple geometries: Interval in one dimension, circular annulus in two\ndimensions, hollow sphere in three dimensions, and more. In particular, for the\ntwo-dimensional taboo process in a circular annulus, the Gaussian behavior of\nthe stochastic angle is established.",
        "positive": "On Setting of Heat-and-Mass Transfer Problems under Directed\n  Crystallization: So far the problem of interface behavior upon phase transition has not yet\nacquired a satisfactory mathematical formulation due to a variety of the\nphysical phenomena involved. Analytical solutions exist only for elementary\nproblems describing the free interface behavior in directed crystallization\nconditions, for instance, for those implying a clearly shaped isothermal\ninterface. Numerical calculations of the interface behavior also present\nsignificant difficulties since the instability of moving interface does not\nenable calculations by means of known algorithms. The general solution of this\nproblem does not seem possible now, so quantitative analysis of phase\ntransition is made after significant simplifications of the problem commonly\nreduced to the so-called quasi-equilibrium problem setting. It was used to\nstudy the reasons for the interface instability during phase transition.\nHowever, the solutions of the quasi-equilibrium problem are, as a rule,\ninherently qualitative. In this paper we present a detailed discussion of the\nboundary conditions of the directed crystallization problem, a formulation of\nthe model considering temperature fields of external sources, the mechanism of\nattachment of particles to the growing solid surface, the influence of\ninterphase component absorption on the phase distribution ratio of the\ncomponents as well as the calculation of the period of the morphological\ninterface instability which is made with due regard of all the aforementioned\nconditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transmuted finite-size scaling at first-order phase transitions: It is known that fixed boundary conditions modify the leading finite-size\ncorrections for an L^3 lattice in 3d at a first-order phase transition from\n1/L^3 to 1/L. We note that an exponential low-temperature phase degeneracy of\nthe form 2^3L will lead to a different leading correction of order 1/L^2 . A 3d\ngonihedric Ising model with a four-spin interaction, plaquette Hamiltonian\ndisplays such a degeneracy and we confirm the modified scaling behaviour using\nhigh-precision multicanonical simulations. We remark that other models such as\nthe Ising antiferromagnet on the FCC lattice, in which the number of \"true\"\nlow-temperature phases is not macroscopically large but which possess an\nexponentially degenerate number of low lying states may display an effective\nversion of the modified scaling law for the range of lattice sizes accessible\nin simulations.",
        "positive": "Random walks in unweighted and weighted modular scale-free networks with\n  a perfect trap: Designing optimal structure favorable to diffusion and effectively\ncontrolling the trapping process are crucial in the study of trapping\nproblem---random walks with a single trap. In this paper, we study the trapping\nproblem occurring on unweighted and weighted networks, respectively. The\nnetworks under consideration display the striking scale-free, small-world, and\nmodular properties, as observed in diverse real-world systems. For binary\nnetworks, we concentrate on three cases of trapping problems with the trap\nlocated at a peripheral node, a neighbor of the root with the least\nconnectivity, and a farthest node, respectively. For weighted networks with\nedge weights controlled by a parameter, we also study three trapping problems,\nin which the trap is placed separately at the root, a neighbor of the root with\nthe least degree, and a farthest node. For all the trapping problems, we obtain\nthe analytical formulas for the average trapping time (ATT) measuring the\nefficiency of the trapping process, as well as the leading scaling of ATT. We\nshow that for all the trapping problems in the binary networks with a trap\nlocated at different nodes, the dominating scalings of ATT reach the possible\nminimum scalings, implying that the networks have optimal structure that is\nadvantageous to efficient trapping. Furthermore, we show that for trapping in\nthe weighted networks, the ATT is controlled by the weight parameter, through\nmodifying which, the ATT can behave superlinealy, linearly, sublinearly, or\nlogarithmically with the system size. This work could help improving the design\nof systems with efficient trapping process and offers new insight into control\nof trapping in complex systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extreme value theory for constrained physical systems: We investigate extreme value theory for physical systems with a global\nconservation law which describe renewal processes, mass transport models and\nlong-range interacting spin models. As shown previously, a special feature is\nthat the distribution of the extreme value exhibits a non-analytical point in\nthe middle of the support. We expose exact relationships between constrained\nextreme value theory and well-known quantities of the underlying stochastic\ndynamics, all valid beyond the midpoint in generality, i.e. even far from the\nthermodynamic limit. For example for renewal processes, the distribution of the\nmaximum time between two renewal events is exactly related to the mean number\nof these events. In the thermodynamic limit, we show how our theory is suitable\nto describe typical and rare events which deviate from classical extreme value\ntheory. For example for the renewal process, we unravel dual scaling of the\nextreme value distribution, pointing out two types of limiting laws: a\nnormalisable scaling function for the typical statistics and a non-normalised\nstate describing the rare events.",
        "positive": "Critical Properties of Condensation of Field-Induced Triplet\n  Quasiparticles: A review on the field-induced magnetic ordering is given, together with some\nresults of a quantum Monte Carlo simulation focused on the critical behevior\nnear the quantum critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Neumann boundary conditions with null external quasi-momenta in\n  finite-systems: The order parameter of a critical system defined in a layered parallel plate\ngeometry subject to Neumann boundary conditions at the limiting surfaces is\nstudied. We utilize a one-particle irreducible vertex parts framework in order\nto study the critical behavior of such a system. The renormalized vertex parts\nare defined at zero external quasi-momenta, which makes the analysis\nparticularly simple. The distance between the boundary plates $L$\ncharacterizing the finite size system direction perpendicular to the\nhyperplanes plays a similar role here in comparison with our recent unified\ntreatment for Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions. Critical exponents are\ncomputed using diagrammatic expansion at least up to two-loop order and are\nshown to be identical to those from the bulk theory (limit $L \\rightarrow\n\\infty$).",
        "positive": "Information flows in macroscopic Maxwell's demons: A CMOS-based implementation of an autonomous Maxwell's demon was recently\nproposed (Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 120602) to demonstrate that a Maxwell demon can\nstill work at macroscopic scales, provided that its power supply is scaled\nappropriately. Here, we first provide a full analytical characterization of the\nnon-autonomous version of that model. We then study system-demon information\nflows within generic autonomous bipartite setups displaying a macroscopic\nlimit. By doing so, we can study the thermodynamic efficiency of both the\nmeasurement and the feedback process performed by the demon. We find that the\ninformation flow is an intensive quantity and that, as a consequence, any\nMaxwell's demon is bound to stop working above a finite scale if all parameters\nbut the scale are fixed. However, this can be prevented by appropriately\nscaling the thermodynamic forces. These general results are applied to the\nautonomous CMOS-based demon."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Systematic Analysis of the Memory term in Coarse-Grained models: the\n  case of the Markovian Approximation: The systematic development of Coarse-Grained (CG) models via the Mori-Zwanzig\nprojector operator formalism requires the explicit description of several\nterms, including a deterministic drift term, a dissipative memory term and a\nrandom fluctuation term. In many applications, the memory and fluctuation terms\nare related by the fluctuation-dissipation relation and are, in general, more\nchallenging to derive than the drift term. In this work we analyse an\napproximation of the memory term and propose a rational basis for a data-driven\napproach to an approximation of the memory and fluctuating terms which can be\nconsidered included in the class of the Markovian ones.",
        "positive": "Spreading with immunization in high dimensions: We investigate a model of epidemic spreading with partial immunization which\nis controlled by two probabilities, namely, for first infections, $p_0$, and\nreinfections, $p$. When the two probabilities are equal, the model reduces to\ndirected percolation, while for perfect immunization one obtains the general\nepidemic process belonging to the universality class of dynamical percolation.\nWe focus on the critical behavior in the vicinity of the directed percolation\npoint, especially in high dimensions $d>2$. It is argued that the clusters of\nimmune sites are compact for $d\\leq 4$. This observation implies that a\nrecently introduced scaling argument, suggesting a stretched exponential decay\nof the survival probability for $p=p_c$, $p_0\\ll p_c$ in one spatial dimension,\nwhere $p_c$ denotes the critical threshold for directed percolation, should\napply in any dimension $d \\leq 3$ and maybe for $d=4$ as well. Moreover, we\nshow that the phase transition line, connecting the critical points of directed\npercolation and of dynamical percolation, terminates in the critical point of\ndirected percolation with vanishing slope for $d<4$ and with finite slope for\n$d\\geq 4$. Furthermore, an exponent is identified for the temporal correlation\nlength for the case of $p=p_c$ and $p_0=p_c-\\epsilon$, $\\epsilon\\ll 1$, which\nis different from the exponent $\\nu_\\parallel$ of directed percolation. We also\nimprove numerical estimates of several critical parameters and exponents,\nespecially for dynamical percolation in $d=4,5$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Thermodynamics of a Particle in a Box: The piston system (particles in a box) is the simplest and paradigmatic model\nin traditional thermodynamics. However, the recently established framework of\nstochastic thermodynamics (ST) fails to apply to this model system due to the\nembedded singularity in the potential. In this Letter we study the stochastic\nthermodynamics of a particle in a box by adopting a novel coordinate\ntransformation technique. Through comparing with the exact solution of a\nbreathing harmonic oscillator, we obtain analytical results of work\ndistribution for an arbitrary protocol in the linear response regime, and\nverify various predictions of the Fluctuation-Dissipation Relation. When\napplying to the Brownian Szilard's engine model, we obtain the optimal protocol\n$\\lambda_t = \\lambda_0 2^{t/\\tau}$ for a given sufficiently long total time\n$\\tau$. Our study not only establishes a paradigm for studying ST of a particle\nin a box, but also bridges the long-standing gap in the development of ST.",
        "positive": "Sequential fragmentation: The origin of columnar quasi-hexagonal\n  patterns: We present a model that explains the origin and predicts the statistical\nproperties of columnar quasi-hexagonal crack patterns, as observed in the\ncolumnar jointing of basaltic lava flows. Irregular fractures appear at the\nsurface of the material, induced by temperature gradients during cooling. At\nlater times fractures penetrate into the material, and tend to form polygonal\npatterns. We show that this ordering can be described as a tendency to minimize\nan energy functional. Atomistic simulations confirm this interpretation.\nNumerical simulations based on a phenomenological implementation of this\nprinciple generate patterns that have remarkably good statistical agreement\nwith real ones."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Josephson phase diffusion in the SQUID ratchet: We study diffusion of the Josephson phase in the asymmetric SQUID subjected\nto a time-periodic current and pierced by an external magnetic flux. We analyze\na relation between phase diffusion and quality of transport characterized by\nthe dc voltage across the SQUID and efficiency of the device. In doing so, we\nconcentrate on the previously reported regime [J. Spiechowicz and J. {\\L}uczka,\nNew J. Phys. \\textbf{17}, 023054 (2015)] for which efficiency of the SQUID\nattains a global maximum. For long times, the mean-square displacement of the\nphase is a linear function of time, meaning that diffusion is normal. Its\ncoefficient is small indicating rather regular phase evolution. However, it can\nbe magnified \\emph{several times} by tailoring experimentally accessible\nparameters like amplitudes of the ac current or external magnetic flux.\nFinally, we prove that in the deterministic limit this regime is essentially\n\\emph{non-chaotic} and possesses an unexpected simplicity of attractors.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation-dissipation considerations and damping models for\n  ferromagnetic materials: The role of fluctuation-dissipation relations (theorems) for the\nmagnetization dynamics with Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert and Bloch-Bloembergen\ndamping terms are discussed. We demonstrate that the use of the Callen-Welton\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem that was proven for Hamiltonian systems can\ngive an inconsistent result for magnetic systems with dissipation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Four approaches for description of stochastic systems with small and\n  finite inertia: We analyse four approaches to elimination of a fast variable, which are\napplicable to systems like passive Brownian particles: (i) moment formalism,\n(ii) corresponding cumulant formalism, (iii) Hermite function basis, (iv)\nformal `cumulants' for the Hermit function basis. The accuracy and its strong\norder are assessed. The applicability and performance of two first approaches\nare also demonstrated for active Brownian particles.",
        "positive": "Resonances in the dynamics of $\u03c6^4$ kinks perturbed by ac forces: We study the dynamics of $\\phi^4$ kinks perturbed by an ac force, both with\nand without damping. We address this issue by using a collective coordinate\ntheory, which allows us to reduce the problem to the dynamics of the kink\ncenter and width. We carry out a careful analysis of the corresponding ordinary\ndifferential equations, of Mathieu type in the undamped case, finding and\ncharacterizing the resonant frequencies and the regions of existence of\nresonant solutions. We verify the accuracy of our predictions by numerical\nsimulation of the full partial differential equation, showing that the\ncollective coordinate prediction is very accurate. Numerical simulations for\nthe damped case establish that the strongest resonance is the one at half the\nfrequency of the internal mode of the kink. In the conclusion we discuss on the\npossible relevance of our results for other systems, especially the sine-Gordon\nequation. We also obtain additional results regarding the equivalence between\ndifferent collective coordinate methods applied to this problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Attractor non-equilibrium stationary states in perturbed long-range\n  interacting systems: Isolated long-range interacting particle systems appear generically to relax\nto non-equilibrium states (\"quasi-stationary states\" or QSS) which are\nstationary in the thermodynamic limit. A fundamental open question concerns the\n\"robustness\" of these states when the system is not isolated. In this paper we\nexplore, using both analytical and numerical approaches to a paradigmatic one\ndimensional model, the effect of a simple class of perturbations. We call them\n\"internal local perturbations\" in that the particle energies are perturbed at\ncollisions in a way which depends only on the local properties. Our central\nfinding is that the effect of the perturbations is to drive all the very\ndifferent QSS we consider towards a unique QSS. The latter is thus independent\nof the initial conditions of the system, but determined instead by both the\nlong-range forces and the details of the perturbations applied. Thus in the\npresence of such a perturbation the long-range system evolves to a unique\nnon-equilibrium stationary state, completely different to its state in absence\nof the perturbation, and it remains in this state when the perturbation is\nremoved. We argue that this result may be generic for long-range interacting\nsystems subject to perturbations which are dependent on the local properties\n(e.g. spatial density or velocity distribution) of the system itself.",
        "positive": "Numerical survey of the tunable condensate shape and scaling laws in\n  pair-factorized steady states: We numerically survey predictions on the shapes and scaling laws of particle\ncondensates that emerge as a result of spontaneous symmetry breaking in pair-\nfactorized steady states of a stochastic transport process. The specific model\nconsists of indistinguishable particles that stochastically hop between sites\ncontrolled by a tunable potential. We identify the different condensate shapes\nwithin their respective parameter regimes as well as determine precisely the\ncondensate width scaling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Matrix product states for critical spin chains: finite size scaling\n  versus finite entanglement scaling: We investigate the use of matrix product states (MPS) to approximate ground\nstates of critical quantum spin chains with periodic boundary conditions (PBC).\nWe identify two regimes in the (N,D) parameter plane, where N is the size of\nthe spin chain and D is the dimension of the MPS matrices. In the first regime\nMPS can be used to perform finite size scaling (FSS). In the complementary\nregime the MPS simulations show instead the clear signature of finite\nentanglement scaling (FES). In the thermodynamic limit (or large N limit), only\nMPS in the FSS regime maintain a finite overlap with the exact ground state.\nThis observation has implications on how to correctly perform FSS with MPS, as\nwell as on the performance of recent MPS algorithms for systems with PBC. It\nalso gives clear evidence that critical models can actually be simulated very\nwell with MPS by using the right scaling relations; in the appendix, we give an\nalternative derivation of the result of Pollmann et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102,\n255701 (2009)] relating the bond dimension of the MPS to an effective\ncorrelation length.",
        "positive": "First passage time in multi-step stochastic processes with applications\n  to dust charging: An approach was developed to describe the first passage time (FPT) in\nmultistep stochastic processes with discrete states governed by a master\nequation (ME). The approach is an extension of the totally absorbing boundary\napproach given for calculation of FPT in one-step processes (Van Kampen 2007)\nto include multistep processes where jumps are not restricted to adjacent\nsites. In addition, a Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) was derived from the\nmultistep ME, assuming the continuity of the state variable. The developed\napproach and an FPE based approach (Gardiner 2004) were used to find the mean\nfirst passage time (MFPT) of the transition between the negative and positive\nstable macrostates of dust grain charge when the charging process was bistable.\nThe dust was in a plasma and charged by collecting ions and electrons, and\nemitting secondary electrons. The MFPTs for the transitioning of grain charge\nfrom one macrostate to the other were calculated by the two approaches for a\nrange of grain sizes. Both approaches produced very similar results for the\nsame grain except for when it was very small. The difference between MFPTs of\ntwo approaches for very small grains was attributed to the failure of the\ncharge continuity assumption in the FPE description. For a given grain, the\nMFPT for a transition from the negative macrostate to the positive one was\nsubstantially larger than that for a transition in a reverse order. The\nnormalized MFPT for a transition from the positive to the negative macrostate\nshowed little sensitivity to the grain radius. For a reverse transition, with\nthe increase of the grain radius, it dropped first and then increased. The\nprobability density function of FPT was substantially wider for a transition\nfrom the positive to the negative macrostate, as compared to a reverse\ntransition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Central limit theorem for anomalous scaling due to correlations: We derive a central limit theorem for the probability distribution of the sum\nof many critically correlated random variables. The theorem characterizes a\nvariety of different processes sharing the same asymptotic form of anomalous\nscaling and is based on a correspondence with the L\\'evy-Gnedenko uncorrelated\ncase. In particular, correlated anomalous diffusion is mapped onto L\\'evy\ndiffusion. Under suitable assumptions, the nonstandard multiplicative structure\nused for constructing the characteristic function of the total sum allows us to\ndetermine correlations of partial sums exclusively on the basis of the global\nanomalous scaling.",
        "positive": "Nucleation of vortex arrays in rotating anisotropic Bose-Einstein\n  condensates: The nucleation of vortices and the resulting structures of vortex arrays in\ndilute, trapped, zero-temperature Bose-Einstein condensates are investigated\nnumerically. Vortices are generated by rotating a three-dimensional,\nanisotropic harmonic atom trap. The condensate ground state is obtained by\npropagating the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in imaginary time. Vortices first\nappear at a rotation frequency significantly larger than the critical frequency\nfor vortex stabilization. This is consistent with a critical velocity mechanism\nfor vortex nucleation. At higher frequencies, the structures of the vortex\narrays are strongly influenced by trap geometry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transitions Microscopic Model: The microscopic model in which nodes interacting with each other are\nstatistical systems is introduced. The nodes conditions are connected with a\nstring of distinct microscopic configurations and depend on external parameters\n(pressure and temperature). In this model the consequent description of first-\nand second-order phase transitions is carried out and their microscopic level\ndistinctions are analyzed. It is shown that first-order transitions occur when\nthe configuration entropy change at nodes under transitions from dipole-active\n(low-symmetric) state to symmetric one is more than ln4. Otherwise the\nsecond-order transitions take place.",
        "positive": "Record Statistics of Continuous Time Random Walk: The statistics of records for a time series generated by a continuous time\nrandom walk is studied, and found to be independent of the details of the jump\nlength distribution, as long as the latter is continuous and symmetric.\nHowever, the statistics depend crucially on the nature of the waiting time\ndistribution. The probability of finding M records within a given time duration\nt, for large t, has a scaling form, and the exact scaling function is obtained\nin terms of the one-sided Levy stable law. The mean of the ages of the records,\ndefined as <t/M>, differs from t/<M>. The asymptotic behaviour of the shortest\nand the longest ages of the records are also studied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fermi's golden rule for heating in strongly driven Floquet systems: We study heating dynamics in isolated quantum many-body systems driven\nperiodically at high frequency and large amplitude. Combining the\nhigh-frequency expansion for the Floquet Hamiltonian with Fermi's golden rule\n(FGR), we develop a master equation termed the Floquet FGR. Unlike the\nconventional one, the Floquet FGR correctly describes heating dynamics,\nincluding the prethermalization regime, even for strong drives, under which the\nFloquet Hamiltonian is significantly dressed, and nontrivial Floquet\nengineering is present. The Floquet FGR depends on system size only weakly,\nenabling us to analyze the thermodynamic limit with small-system calculations.\nOur results also indicate that, during heating, the system approximately stays\nin the thermal state for the Floquet Hamiltonian with a gradually rising\ntemperature.",
        "positive": "Experimental study of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation: A cost-precision trade-off relationship, the so-called thermodynamic\nuncertainty relation (TUR), has been recently discovered in stochastic\nthermodynamics. It bounds certain thermodynamic observables in terms of the\nassociated entropy production. In this work, we experimentally study the TUR in\na two-qubit system using an NMR setup. Each qubit is prepared in an equilibrium\nstate, but at different temperatures. The qubits are then coupled, allowing\nenergy exchange (in the form of heat). Using the quantum state tomography\ntechnique we obtain the moments of heat exchange within a certain time interval\nand analyze the relative uncertainty of the energy exchange process. We find\nthat generalized versions of the TUR, which are based on the fluctuation\nrelation, are obeyed. However, the specialized TUR, a tighter bound that is\nvalid under specific dynamics, is violated in certain regimes of operation, in\nexcellent agreement with analytic results. Altogether, this experiment-theory\nstudy provides a deep understanding of heat exchange in quantum systems,\nrevealing favorable noise-dissipation regimes of operation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Flocking and turning: a new model for self-organized collective motion: Birds in a flock move in a correlated way, resulting in large polarization of\nvelocities. A good understanding of this collective behavior exists for linear\nmotion of the flock. Yet observing actual birds, the center of mass of the\ngroup often turns giving rise to more complicated dynamics, still keeping\nstrong polarization of the flock. Here we propose novel dynamical equations for\nthe collective motion of polarized animal groups that account for correlated\nturning including solely social forces. We exploit rotational symmetries and\nconservation laws of the problem to formulate a theory in terms of generalized\ncoordinates of motion for the velocity directions akin to a Hamiltonian\nformulation for rotations. We explicitly derive the correspondence between this\nformulation and the dynamics of the individual velocities, thus obtaining a new\nmodel of collective motion. In the appropriate overdamped limit we recover the\nwell-known Vicsek model, which dissipates rotational information and does not\nallow for polarized turns. Although the new model has its most vivid success in\ndescribing turning groups, its dynamics is intrinsically different from\nprevious ones in a wide dynamical regime, while reducing to the hydrodynamic\ndescription of Toner and Tu at very large length-scales. The derived framework\nis therefore general and it may describe the collective motion of any strongly\npolarized active matter system.",
        "positive": "Inhomogeneous exclusion processes with extended objects: The effect of\n  defect locations: We study the effects of local inhomogeneities, i.e., slow sites of hopping\nrate $q<1$, in a totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) for\nparticles of size $\\ell \\geq 1$ (in units of the lattice spacing). We compare\nthe simulation results of $\\ell =1$ and $\\ell >1$ and notice that the existence\nof local defects has qualitatively similar effects on the steady state. We\nfocus on the stationary current as well as the density profiles. If there is\nonly a single slow site in the system, we observe a significant dependence of\nthe current on the \\emph{location} of the slow site for both $\\ell =1$ and\n$\\ell >1$ cases. When two slow sites are introduced, more intriguing phenomena\nemerge, e.g., dramatic decreases in the current when the two are close\ntogether. In addition, we study the asymptotic behavior when\n  $q\\to 0$. We also explore the associated density profiles and compare our\nfindings to an earlier study using a simple mean-field theory. We then outline\nthe biological significance of these effects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gregarious vs Individualistic Behavior in Vicsek Swarms and the Onset of\n  First-Order Phase Transitions: The Standard Vicsek Model (SVM) is a minimal nonequilibrium model of\nself-propelled particles that appears to capture the essential ingredients of\ncritical flocking phenomena. In the SVM, particles tend to align with each\nother and form ordered flocks of collective motion; however, perturbations\ncontrolled by a noise term lead to a noise-driven, continuous order-disorder\nphase transition. In this work, we extend the SVM by introducing a parameter\n$\\alpha$ that allows particles to be individualistic instead of gregarious,\ni.e. to choose a direction of motion independently of their neighbors. By\nfocusing on the small-noise regime, we show that a relatively small probability\nof individualistic motion (around 10%) is sufficient to drive the system from a\nVicsek-like ordered phase to a disordered phase. Despite the fact that the\n$\\alpha-$extended Model preserves the O(n) symmetry, the interaction range, as\nwell as the dimensionality of the underlying SVM, this novel phase transition\nis found to be discontinuous (first-order), an intriguing manifestation of the\nrichness of the nonequilibrium flocking/swarming phenomenon.",
        "positive": "Current reversal in interacting colloids under time-periodic drive: Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study particle-transport in a system\nof interacting colloidal particles on a ring, where the system is driven by a\ntime-dependent external potential, moving along the ring. We consider two\ndriving protocols: (i) the external potential barrier moves with a uniform\nvelocity $v$ along the ring, and (ii) it moves in discrete jumps with\njump-length $l$ and waiting time $\\tau$ with an effective velocity $v=l/\\tau$.\nThe time-averaged (dc) particle current, which always remains positive in case\n(i), interestingly reverses its direction in case (ii) upon tuning the\nparticle-number density $\\rho_0$ and the effective barrier velocity $v$. We\nalso find a scaling form for the current in terms of number density, barrier\nvelocity, barrier height and temperature of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comparing parallel and simulated tempering enhanced sampling algorithms\n  at phase transition regimes: Two important enhanced sampling algorithms, simulated (ST) and parallel (PT)\ntempering, are commonly used when ergodic simulations may be hard to achieve,\ne.g, due to a phase space separated by large free-energy barriers. This is so\nfor systems around first-order phase transitions, a case still not fully\nexplored with such approaches in the literature. In this contribution we make a\ncomparative study between the PT and ST for the Ising (a lattice-gas in the\nfluid language) and the BEG (a lattice-gas with vacancies) models at phase\ntransition regimes. We show that although the two methods are equivalent in the\nlimit of sufficiently long simulations, the PT is more advantageous than the ST\nwith respect to all the analysis performed: convergence towards the\nstationarity; frequency of tunneling between phases at the coexistence; and\ndecay of time-displaced correlation functions of thermodynamic quantities.\nQualitative arguments for why one may expect better results from the PT than\nthe ST near phase transitions conditions are also presented.",
        "positive": "Iterative Site Percolation on Triangular Lattice: The site percolation on the triangular lattice is one of few exactly solved\nstatistical systems. Starting from critical percolation clusters of this model\nand randomly reassigning the color of each percolation cluster, we obtain\ncoarse-grained configurations by merging adjacent clusters that share the same\ncolor. It is shown that the process can be infinitely iterated in the\nthermodynamic limit, leading to an iterative site percolation model. We\nconjecture from self-matching argument that percolation clusters remain fractal\nfor any finite generation, which can even take any real number by a generalized\nprocess. Extensive simulations are performed, and, from the\ngeneration-dependent fractal dimension, a continuous family of previously\nunknown universalities is revealed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Characterizing steady state and transient properties of\n  reaction-diffusion systems: In the past the study of reaction-diffusion systems has greatly contributed\nto our understanding of the behavior of many-body systems far from equilibrium.\nIn this paper we aim at characterizing the properties of diffusion limited\nreactions both in their steady states and out of stationarity. Many\nreaction-diffusion systems have the peculiarity that microscopic reversibility\nis broken such that their transient behavior can not be investigated through\nthe study of most of the observables discussed in the literature. For this\nreason we analyze the transient properties of reaction-diffusion systems\nthrough a specific work observable that remains well defined even in the\nabsence of microscopic reversibility and that obeys an exact detailed\nfluctuation relation in cases where detailed balance is fulfilled. We thereby\ndrive the systems out of their nonequilibrium steady states through\ntime-dependent reaction rates. Using a numerical exact method and computer\nsimulations, we analyze fluctuation ratios of the probability distributions\nobtained during the forward and reversed processes. We show that the underlying\nmicroscopic dynamics gives rise to peculiarities in the configuration space\ntrajectories, thereby yielding prominent features in the fluctuation ratios.",
        "positive": "Unzipping an adsorbed polymer in a dirty or random environment: The phase diagram of unzipping of an adsorbed directed polymer in two\ndimensions in a random medium has been determined. Both the hard-wall and the\nsoft-wall cases are considered. Exact solutions for the pure problem with\ndifferent affinities on the two sides are given. The results obtained by the\nnumerical procedure adopted here are shown to agree with the exact results for\nthe pure case. The characteristic exponents for unzipping for the random\nproblem are different from the pure case. The distribution functions for the\nunzipped length, first bubble, and the spacer are determined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact three spin correlation function relations for the square and the\n  honeycomb Ising lattices: In this work, the order parameter and the two-site correlation functions are\nexpressed properly using the decimation transformation process in the presence\nof an external field so that their applications lead to some significant\nphysical results. Indeed, their applications produce or reproduce some relevant\nand important results which were included in cumbersome mathematics in the\nprevious studies, if not in a form impossible to understand. The average\nmagnetization or the order parameter $<\\!\\!\\sigma\\!\\!> $ is expressed as\n$<\\!\\!\\sigma_{0,i}\\!\\!>=\n  <\\!\\!\\tanh[ \\kappa(\\sigma_{1,i}+\\sigma_{2,i}+\\dots +\\sigma_{z,i})+H]\\!\\!> $.\nHere, $\\kappa$ is the coupling strength, $z$ is the number of nearest\nneighbors. $\\sigma_{0,i}$ denotes the central spin at the $i^{th}$ site, while\n$\\sigma_{l,i}$, $l=1,2,\\dots,z$ are the nearest neighbor spins around the\ncentral spin. $H$ is the normalized external magnetic field. We show that the\napplication of this relation to the 1D Ising model reproduces readily the\npreviously obtained exact results in the absence of an external field.\nFurthermore, the three-site correlation functions of square and honeycomb\nlattices of the form $<\\!\\!\\sigma_{1}\\sigma_{2}\\sigma_{3}\\!\\!>$ are\nanalytically obtained. One finds that the three-site correlation functions are\nequal to $f(\\kappa)\\!\\!<\\!\\!\\sigma\\!\\!>$. Here $f(\\kappa)$ depends on the\nlattice types and is an analytic function of coupling constant. This result\nindicates that the critical properties of three-site correlation functions of\nthose lattices are the same as the corresponding order parameters\n$<\\!\\!\\sigma\\!\\!>$ of those lattices. This will mean that the uniqueness of the\naverage magnetization as an order parameter is questionable. ...",
        "positive": "Anomalous diffusion and ergodicity breaking in heterogeneous diffusion\n  processes: We demonstrate the non-ergodicity of a simple Markovian stochastic processes\nwith space-dependent diffusion coefficient $D(x)$. For power-law forms $D(x)\n\\simeq|x|^{\\alpha}$, this process yield anomalous diffusion of the form $\\ <\nx^2(t)\\ > \\simeq t^{2/(2-\\alpha)}$. Interestingly, in both the sub- and\nsuperdiffusive regimes we observe weak ergodicity breaking: the scaling of the\ntime averaged mean squared displacement $\\{\\delta^2}$ remains \\emph{linear} and\nthus differs from the corresponding ensemble average $\\ <x^2(t)\\ >$. We analyze\nthe non-ergodic behavior of this process in terms of the ergodicity breaking\nparameters and the distribution of amplitude scatter of $\\{\\delta^2}$. This\nmodel represents an alternative approach to non-ergodic, anomalous diffusion\nthat might be particularly relevant for diffusion in heterogeneous media."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotic analysis of the stochastic block model for modular networks\n  and its algorithmic applications: In this paper we extend our previous work on the stochastic block model, a\ncommonly used generative model for social and biological networks, and the\nproblem of inferring functional groups or communities from the topology of the\nnetwork. We use the cavity method of statistical physics to obtain an\nasymptotically exact analysis of the phase diagram. We describe in detail\nproperties of the detectability/undetectability phase transition and the\neasy/hard phase transition for the community detection problem. Our analysis\ntranslates naturally into a belief propagation algorithm for inferring the\ngroup memberships of the nodes in an optimal way, i.e., that maximizes the\noverlap with the underlying group memberships, and learning the underlying\nparameters of the block model. Finally, we apply the algorithm to two examples\nof real-world networks and discuss its performance.",
        "positive": "Spatial fluctuations of a surviving particle in the trapping reaction: We consider the trapping reaction, $A+B\\to B$, where $A$ and $B$ particles\nhave a diffusive dynamics characterized by diffusion constants $D_A$ and $D_B$.\nThe interaction with $B$ particles can be formally incorporated in an effective\ndynamics for one $A$ particle as was recently shown by Bray {\\it et al}. [Phys.\nRev. E {\\bf 67}, 060102 (2003)]. We use this method to compute, in space\ndimension $d=1$, the asymptotic behaviour of the spatial fluctuation,\n$<z^2(t)>^{1/2}$, for a surviving $A$ particle in the perturbative regime,\n$D_A/D_B\\ll 1$, for the case of an initially uniform distribution of $B$\nparticles. We show that, for $t\\gg 1$, $<z^2(t)>^{1/2} \\propto t^{\\phi}$ with\n$\\phi=1/4$. By contrast, the fluctuations of paths constrained to return to\ntheir starting point at time $t$ grow with the larger exponent 1/3. Numerical\ntests are consistent with these predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization under periodic modulation of potential wells in a\n  two-state stochastic system: We analyse the effect of synchronization between noise and periodic signal in\na two-state spatially extended system analytically. Resonance features are\ndemonstrated. To have the maximum cooperation between signal and noise, it is\nshown that noise strength at resonance should increase linearly with the\nfrequency of the signal. The time scale of the process at resonance is also\nshown to increase linearly with the period of the signal.",
        "positive": "Reversible Reciprocal Relation of Thermoelectricity: The first Kelvin relation that states the Peltier coefficient should be equal\nto the product of temperature and Seebeck coefficient is a fundamental\nprinciple in thermoelectricity. It has been regarded as an important\napplication and direct experimental verification of Onsager reciprocal relation\n(ORR) that is a cornerstone of irreversible thermodynamics. However, some\ncritical questions still remain: why Kelvin's proof that omits all\nirreversibility within a thermoelectric transport process can reach the correct\nresult, how to properly select the generalized-force-flux pairs for deriving\nthe first Kelvin relation from ORR, and whether the first Kelvin relation is\nrestricted by the requirement of linear transport regime. The present work is\nto answer these questions based on the fundamental thermodynamic principles.\nSince the thermoelectric effects are reversible, we can redefine the Seebeck\nand Peltier coefficients using the quantities in reversible processes with no\ntime derivative involved, which are renamed as \"reversible Seebeck and Peltier\ncoefficients\". The relation between them (called \"the reversible reciprocal\nrelation of thermoelectricity\") is derived from the Maxwell relations, which\ncan be reduced to the conventional Kelvin relation, when the local equilibrium\nassumption (LEA) is adopted. In this sense, the validity of the first Kelvin\nrelation is guaranteed by the reversible thermodynamic principles and LEA,\nwithout the requirement of linear transport process. Additionally, the\ngeneralized force-flux pairs to obtain the first Kelvin relation from ORR can\nbe proper both mathematically and thermodynamically, only when they correspond\nto the conjugate-variable pairs of which Maxwell relations can yield the\nreversible reciprocal relation. The present theoretical framework can be\nfurther extended to other coupled phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Corresponding states for mesostructure and dynamics of supercooled water: Water famously expands upon freezing, foreshadowed by a negative coefficient\nof expansion of the liquid at temperatures close to its freezing temperature.\nThese behaviors, and many others, reflect the energetic preference for local\ntetrahedral arrangements of water molecules and entropic effects that oppose\nit. Here, we provide theoretical analysis of mesoscopic implications of this\ncompetition, both equilibrium and non-equilibrium, including mediation by\ninterfaces. With general scaling arguments bolstered by simulation results, and\nwith reduced units that elucidate corresponding states, we derive a phase\ndiagram for bulk and confined water and water-like materials. For water itself,\nthe corresponding states cover the temperature range of 150 K to 300 K and the\npressure range of 1 bar to 2 kbar. In this regime, there are two reversible\ncondensed phases - ice and liquid. Out of equilibrium, there is irreversible\npolyamorphism, i.e., more than one glass phase, reflecting dynamical arrest of\ncoarsening ice. Temperature-time plots are derived to characterize time scales\nof the different phases and explain contrasting dynamical behaviors of\ndifferent water-like systems.",
        "positive": "Unconventional criticality, scaling breakdown, and diverse universality\n  classes in the Wilson-Cowan model of neural dynamics: The Wilson-Cowan model constitutes a paradigmatic approach to understanding\nthe collective dynamics of networks of excitatory and inhibitory units. It has\nbeen profusely used in the literature to analyze the possible phases of neural\nnetworks at a mean-field level, e.g., assuming large fully-connected networks.\nMoreover, its stochastic counterpart allows one to study fluctuation-induced\nphenomena, such as avalanches. Here, we revisit the stochastic Wilson-Cowan\nmodel paying special attention to the possible phase transitions between\nquiescent and active phases. We unveil eight possible types of phase\ntransitions, including continuous ones with scaling behavior belonging to known\nuniversality classes -- such as directed percolation and tricritical directed\npercolation -- as well as novel ones. In particular, we show that under some\nspecial circumstances, at a so-called Hopf tricritical directed percolation\ntransition, rather unconventional behavior including an anomalous breakdown of\nscaling emerges. These results broaden our knowledge of the possible types of\ncritical behavior in networks of excitatory and inhibitory units and are of\nrelevance to understanding avalanche dynamics in actual neuronal recordings.\nFrom a more general perspective, these results help extend the theory of\nnon-equilibrium phase transitions into quiescent or absorbing states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Automodel solutions for superdiffusive transport by the L\u00e9vy walks: The method of approximate automodel solution for the Green's function of the\ntime-dependent superdiffusive (nonlocal) transport equations (J. Phys. A: Math.\nTheor. 49 (2016) 255002) is extended to the case of a finite velocity of\ncarriers. This corresponds to extension from the L\\'evy flights-based transport\nto the transport of the type, which belongs to the class of \"L\\'evy walk +\nrests\", to allow for the retardation effects in the L\\'evy flights. This\nproblem covers the cases of the transport by the resonant photons in\nastrophysical gases and plasmas, heat transport by electromagnetic waves in\nplasmas, migration of predators, and other applications. We treat a model case\nof one-dimensional transport on a uniform background with a simple power-law\nstep-length probability distribution function (PDF). A solution for arbitrary\nsuperdiffusive PDF is suggested, and the verification of solution for a\nparticular power law PDF, which corresponds, e.g., to the Lorentzian wings of\natomic spectral line shape for emission of photons, is carried out using the\ncomputation of the exact solution.",
        "positive": "Spin-1/2 Collective Excitations in BEC of Interacting Spin-1 Atoms: We construct spin-1/2 collective excitations in BEC of interacting spin-1\natoms. These excitations exist in states with a maximal global degeneracy. The\nstability and energy of these objects are determined by interactions with spin\nfluctuations and are studied based on a duality relation between\nhyper-monopoles and magnetic monopoles in physical space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glassiness through the emergence of effective dynamical constraints in\n  interacting systems: I describe a class of spin models with short--range plaquette interactions\nwhose static equilibrium properties are trivial but which display glassy\ndynamics at low temperatures. These models have a dual description in terms of\nfree defects subject to effective kinetic constraints, and are thus an explicit\nrealization of the constrained dynamics picture of glassy systems.",
        "positive": "A Model for the Self-Organization of Microtubules Driven by Molecular\n  Motors: We propose a two-dimensional model for the organization of stabilized\nmicrotubules driven by molecular motors in an unconfined geometry. In this\nmodel two kinds of dynamics are competing. The first one is purely diffusive,\nwith an interaction between the rotational degrees of freedom, the second one\nis a local drive, dependent on microtubule polarity. As a result, there is a\nconfiguration dependent driving field. Applying a molecular field\napproximation, we are able to derive continuum equations. A study on the\nsolutions shows nonequilibrium steady states. The presence and stability of\nsuch self-organized states are investigated in terms of entropy production.\nNumerical simulations confirm analytical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamics of operator spreading and quasiparticle diffusion in\n  interacting integrable systems: We address the hydrodynamics of operator spreading in interacting integrable\nlattice models. In these models, operators spread through the ballistic\npropagation of quasiparticles, with an operator front whose velocity is locally\nset by the fastest quasiparticle velocity. In interacting integrable systems,\nthis velocity depends on the density of the other quasiparticles, so\nequilibrium density fluctuations cause the front to follow a biased random\nwalk, and therefore to broaden diffusively. Ballistic front propagation and\ndiffusive front broadening are also generically present in non-integrable\nsystems in one dimension; thus, although the mechanisms for operator spreading\nare distinct in the two cases, these coarse grained measures of the operator\nfront do not distinguish between the two cases. We present an expression for\nthe front-broadening rate; we explicitly derive this for a particular\nintegrable model (the \"Floquet-Fredrickson-Andersen\" model), and argue on\nkinetic grounds that it should apply generally. Our results elucidate the\nmicroscopic mechanism for diffusive corrections to ballistic transport in\ninteracting integrable models.",
        "positive": "Detecting phase synchronization by localized maps: Application to neural\n  networks: We present an approach which enables to state about the existence of phase\nsynchronization in coupled chaotic oscillators without having to measure the\nphase. This is done by observing the oscillators at special times, and\nanalyzing whether this set of points is localized. In particular, we show that\nthis approach is fruitful to analyze the onset of phase synchronization in\nchaotic attractors whose phases are not well defined, as well as, in networks\nof non-identical spiking/bursting neurons connected by chemical synapses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ring-shaped luminescence pattern in biased quantum wells studied as a\n  steady state reaction front: Under certain conditions, focused laser excitation in semiconductor quantum\nwell structures can lead to charge separation and a circular reaction front,\nwhich is visible as a ring-shaped photoluminescence pattern. The\ndiffusion-reaction equations governing the system are studied here with the aim\nof a detailed understanding of the steady state. The qualitative asymmetry in\nthe sources for the two carriers is found to lead to unusual effects which\ndramatically affect the steady-state configuration. Analytic expressions are\nderived for carrier distributions and interface position for a number of cases.\nThese are compared with steady-state information obtained from simulations of\nthe diffusion-reaction equations.",
        "positive": "Generalized Model of Migration-Driven Aggregate Growth - Asymptotic\n  Distributions, Power Laws and Apparent Fractality: The rate equation for exchange-driven aggregation of monomers between\nclusters of size $n$ by power-law exchange rate ($\\sim{n}^\\alpha$), where\ndetaching and attaching processes were considered separately, is reduced to\nFokker-Planck equation. Its exact solution was found for unbiased aggregation\nand agreed with asymptotic conclusions of other models. Asymptotic transitions\nwere found from exact solution to Weibull/normal/exponential distribution, and\nthen to power law distribution. Intermediate asymptotic size distributions were\nfound to be functions of exponent $\\alpha$ and vary from normal ($\\alpha=0$)\nthrough Weibull ($0<\\alpha<1$) to exponential ($\\alpha=1$) ones, that gives the\nnew system for linking these basic statistical distributions. Simulations were\nperformed for the unbiased aggregation model on the basis of the initial rate\nequation without simplifications used for reduction to Fokker-Planck equation.\nThe exact solution was confirmed, shape and scale parameters of Weibull\ndistribution (for $0<\\alpha<1$) were determined by analysis of cumulative\ndistribution functions and mean cluster sizes, which are of great interest,\nbecause they can be measured in experiments and allow to identify details of\naggregation kinetics (like $\\alpha$). In practical sense, scaling analysis of\n\\emph{evolving series} of aggregating cluster distributions can give much more\nreliable estimations of their parameters than analysis of \\emph{solitary}\ndistributions. It is assumed that some apparent power and fractal laws observed\nexperimentally may be manifestations of such simple migration-driven\naggregation kinetics even."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simulational study for the crossover in the generalized contact process\n  with diffusion: In a recent work, Dantas and Stilck studied a model that generalizes the\ncontact process model with diffusion. Our approach, based on the supercritical\nexpansion, showed that for a weak diffusion regime the crossover exponent\nbetween the directed percolation and compact directed percolation universality\nclasses was $\\phi\\approx 2$. However this approach did not work for reduced\ndiffusion rates higher than $D\\approx 0.3$, where $0\\leq D\\leq 1$ and D=1\ncorresponds to an infinite diffusion rate. Thus, in the present work we\nestimate this crossover exponent for higher diffusion rates using a numerical\nsimulation approach.",
        "positive": "Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transitions with long-range\n  couplings: The Berezinskii-Kostelitz-Thouless (BKT) transition is the paradigmatic\nexample of a topological phase transition without symmetry-breaking, where a\nquasi-ordered phase, characterized by a power law scaling of the correlation\nfunctions at low temperature, is disrupted by the proliferation of topological\nexcitations above the critical temperature $T_{\\rm BKT}$. In this letter, we\nconsider the effect of long-range decaying couplings $\\sim r^{-2-\\sigma}$ on\nthis phenomenon. After pointing out the relevance of this non trivial problem,\nwe discuss the phase diagram, which is far richer than the corresponding\nshort-range one. It features -- for $7/4<\\sigma<2$ -- a quasi ordered phase in\na finite temperature range $T_c < T < T_{\\rm BKT}$, which occurs between a\nsymmetry broken phase for $T<T_c$ and a disordered phase for $T>T_{\\rm BKT}$.\nThe transition temperature $T_c$ displays unique universal features quite\ndifferent from those of the traditional, short-range XY model. Given the\nuniversal nature of our findings, they may be observed in current experimental\nrealizations in $2D$ atomic, molecular and optical quantum systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Incommensurate phases in statistical theory of the crystalline state: The paper continues a series of papers devoted to treatment of the\ncrystalline state on the basis of the approach in equilibrium statistical\nmechanics proposed earlier by the author. This paper is concerned with\nelaboration of a mathematical apparatus in the approach for studying\nsecond-order phase transitions, both commensurate and incommensurate, and\nproperties of emerging phases. It is shown that the preliminary symmetry\nanalysis for a concrete crystal can be performed analogously with the one in\nthe Landau theory of phase transitions. After the analysis one is able to\ndeduce a set of equations that describe the emerging phases and corresponding\nphase transitions. The treatment of an incommensurate phase is substantially\ncomplicated because the symmetry of the phase cannot be described in terms of\ncustomary space groups. For this reason, a strategy of representing the\nincommensurate phase as the limit of a sequence of long-period commensurate\nphases whose period tends to infinity is worked out. The strategy enables one\nto obviate difficulties due to the devil's staircase that occurs in this\nsituation.",
        "positive": "Bogolyubov inequality for the ground state and its application to\n  interacting rotor systems: We have formulated and proved the Bogolyubov inequality for operators at zero\ntemperature. So far this inequality has been known for matrices, and we were\nable to extend it to certain class of operators. We have also applied this\ninequality to the system of interacting rotors. We have shown that if: {\\em i)}\nthe dimension of the lattice is 1 or 2, {\\em ii)} the interaction decreases\nsufficiently fast with a distance, and {\\em iii)} there is an energy gap over\nthe ground state, then the spontaneous magnetization in the ground state is\nzero, i.e. there is no LRO in the system. We present also heuristic arguments\n(of perturbation-theoretic nature) suggesting that one- and two-dimensional\nsystem of interacting rotors has the energy gap independent of the system size\nif the interaction is sufficiently small."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evidence for a disordered critical point in a glass-forming liquid: Using computer simulations of an atomistic glass-forming liquid, we\ninvestigate the fluctuations of the overlap between a fluid configuration and a\nquenched reference system. We find that large fluctuations of the overlap\ndevelop as temperature decreases, consistent with the existence of the random\ncritical point that is predicted by effective field theories. We discuss the\nscaling of fluctuations near the presumed critical point, comparing the\nobserved behaviour with that of the random-field Ising model. We argue that\nthis critical point directly reveals the existence of an interfacial tension\nbetween amorphous metastable states, a quantity relevant both for equilibrium\nrelaxation and for nonequilibrium melting of stable glass configurations.",
        "positive": "Relaxation of Electron Spin during High-Field Transport in GaAs Bulk: A semiclassical Monte Carlo approach is adopted to study the multivalley spin\ndepolarization of drifting electrons in a doped n-type GaAs bulk semiconductor,\nin a wide range of lattice temperature ($40<T_L<300$ K) and doping density\n($10^{13}<n<10^{16}$cm$^{-3}$). The decay of the initial non-equilibrium spin\npolarization of the conduction electrons is investigated as a function of the\namplitude of the driving static electric field, ranging between 0.1 and 6\nkV/cm, by considering the spin dynamics of electrons in both the $\\Gamma$ and\nthe upper valleys of the semiconductor. Doping density considerably affects\nspin relaxation at low temperature and weak intensity of the driving electric\nfield. At high values of the electric field, the strong spin-orbit coupling of\nelectrons in the $L$-valleys significantly reduces the average spin\npolarization lifetime, but, unexpectedly, for field amplitudes greater than 2.5\nkV/cm, the spin lifetime increases with the lattice temperature. Our numerical\nfindings are validated by a good agreement with the available experimental\nresults and with calculations recently obtained by a different theoretical\napproach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Encoding Universal Computation in the Ground States of Ising Lattices: We characterize the set of ground states that can be synthesized by classical\n2-body Ising Hamiltonians. We then construct simple Ising planar blocks that\nsimulates efficiently a universal set of logic gates and connections, and hence\nany boolean function. We therefore provide a new method of encoding universal\ncomputation in the ground states of Ising lattices, and a simpler alternative\ndemonstration of the known fact that finding the ground state of a finite Ising\nspin glass model is NP complete. We relate this with our previous result about\nemergence properties in infinite lattices.",
        "positive": "Dimensional crossover in dipolar magnetic layers: We investigate the static critical behaviour of a uniaxial magnetic layer,\nwith finite thickness L in one direction, yet infinitely extended in the\nremaining d dimensions. The magnetic dipole-dipole interaction is taken into\naccount. We apply a variant of Wilson's momentum shell renormalisation group\napproach to describe the crossover between the critical behaviour of the 3-D\nIsing, 2-d Ising, 3-D uniaxial dipolar, and the 2-d uniaxial dipolar\nuniversality classes. The corresponding renormalisation group fixed points are\nin addition to different effective dimensionalities characterised by distinct\nanalytic structures of the propagator, and are consequently associated with\nvarying upper critical dimensions. While the limiting cases can be discussed by\nmeans of dimensional epsilon expansions with respect to the appropriate upper\ncritical dimensions, respectively, the crossover features must be addressed in\nterms of the renormalisation group flow trajectories at fixed dimensionality d."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inelastic Maxwell models for monodisperse gas-solid flows: The Boltzmann equation for $d$-dimensional inelastic Maxwell models is\nconsidered to analyze transport properties for monodisperse gas-solid\nsuspensions. The influence of the interstitial gas phase on the dynamics of\nsolid particles is modeled via a viscous drag force. The Chapman-Enskog method\nis applied to solve the inelastic Boltzmann equation to first order in the\ndeviations of the hydrodynamic fields from their values in the homogeneous\ncooling state. Explicit expressions for the Navier-Stokes transport\ncoefficients are \\emph{exactly} obtained in terms of both the coefficient of\nrestitution and the friction coefficient characterizing the amplitude of the\nexternal force. The conditions under which a hydrodynamic regime independent of\nthe initial conditions is reached are widely discussed. Finally, the results\nderived here are compared with those previously obtained for inelastic hard\nspheres in steady state conditions by using the so-called first Sonine\napproximation.",
        "positive": "Anomalous Diffusion with Absorbing Boundary: In a very long Gaussian polymer on time scales shorter that the maximal\nrelaxation time, the mean squared distance travelled by a tagged monomer grows\nas ~t^{1/2}. We analyze such sub-diffusive behavior in the presence of one or\ntwo absorbing boundaries and demonstrate the differences between this process\nand the sub-diffusion described by the fractional Fokker-Planck equation. In\nparticular, we show that the mean absorption time of diffuser between two\nabsorbing boundaries is finite. Our results restrict the form of the effective\ndispersion equation that may describe such sub-diffusive processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Physics on the space (x,v) for dissipative systems and study\n  of an ensemble of harmonic oscillators in a weak linear dissipative medium: We use the phase space position-velocity ($x,v$) to deal with the statistical\nproperties of velocity dependent dynamical systems, like dissipative ones.\nWithin this approach, we study the statistical properties of an ensemble of\nharmonic oscillators in a linear weak dissipative media. Using the Debye model\nof a crystal, we calculate at first order in the dissipative parameter the\nentropy, free energy, internal energy, equation of state and specific heat\nusing the classical and quantum approaches. for the classical approach we found\nthat the entropy, the equation of state, and the free energy depend on the\ndissipative parameter, but the internal energy and specific heat do not depend\nof it. For the quantum case, we found that all the thermodynamical quantities\ndepend on this parameter.",
        "positive": "Electronic Transport at Low Temperatures: Diagrammatic Approach: We prove that a diagrammatic evaluation of the Kubo formula for the\nelectronic transport conductivity due the exchange of bosonic excitations, in\nthe usual conserving ladder approximation, yields a result consistent with the\nBoltzmann equation. In particular, we show that an uncontrolled approximation\nthat has been used to solve the integral equation for the vertex function is\nunnecessary. An exact solution of the integral equation yields the same\nasymptotic low-temperature behavior as the approximate one, albeit with a\ndifferent prefactor, and agrees with the temperature dependence of the\nBoltzmann solution. Examples considered are electron scattering from acoustic\nphonons, and from helimagnons in helimagnets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transition in a Random Fragmentation Problem with Applications to\n  Computer Science: We study a fragmentation problem where an initial object of size x is broken\ninto m random pieces provided x>x_0 where x_0 is an atomic cut-off.\nSubsequently the fragmentation process continues for each of those daughter\npieces whose sizes are bigger than x_0. The process stops when all the\nfragments have sizes smaller than x_0. We show that the fluctuation of the\ntotal number of splitting events, characterized by the variance, generically\nundergoes a nontrivial phase transition as one tunes the branching number m\nthrough a critical value m=m_c. For m<m_c, the fluctuations are Gaussian where\nas for m>m_c they are anomalously large and non-Gaussian. We apply this general\nresult to analyze two different search algorithms in computer science.",
        "positive": "Generalised extreme value statistics and sum of correlated variables: We show that generalised extreme value statistics -the statistics of the k-th\nlargest value among a large set of random variables- can be mapped onto a\nproblem of random sums. This allows us to identify classes of non-identical and\n(generally) correlated random variables with a sum distributed according to one\nof the three (k-dependent) asymptotic distributions of extreme value\nstatistics, namely the Gumbel, Frechet and Weibull distributions. These\nclasses, as well as the limit distributions, are naturally extended to real\nvalues of k, thus providing a clear interpretation to the onset of Gumbel\ndistributions with non-integer index k in the statistics of global observables.\nThis is one of the very few known generalisations of the central limit theorem\nto non-independent random variables. Finally, in the context of a simple\nphysical model, we relate the index k to the ratio of the correlation length to\nthe system size, which remains finite in strongly correlated systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Realizing Colloidal Artificial Ice on Arrays of Optical Traps: We demonstrate how a colloidal version of artificial ice can be realized on\noptical trap lattices. Using numerical simulations, we show that this system\nobeys the ice rules and that for strong colloid-colloid interactions, an\nordered ground state appears. We show that the ice rule ordering can occur for\nsystems with as few as twenty-four traps and that the ordering transition can\nbe observed at constant temperature by varying the barrier strength of the\ntraps.",
        "positive": "Absence of first order transition in the random crystal field\n  Blume-Capel model on a fully connected graph: In this paper we solve the Blume-Capel model on a complete graph in the\npresence of random crystal field with a distribution, $P(\\Delta_i)\n=p\\delta(\\Delta_i-\\Delta)+(1-p) \\delta(\\Delta_i+\\Delta)$, using large deviation\ntechniques. We find that the first order transition of the pure system is\ndestroyed for $0.046<p<0.954$ for all values of the crystal field, $\\Delta$.\nThe system has a line of continuous transition for this range of $p$ from\n$-\\infty <\\Delta <\\infty$. For values of $p$ outside this interval, the phase\ndiagram of the system is similar to the pure model, with a tricritical point\nseparating the line of first order and continuous transitions. We find that in\nthis regime, the order vanishes for large $\\Delta$ for $p<0.046$(and for large\n$-\\Delta$ for $p>0.954$) even at zero temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adsorption of Self-Assembled Rigid Rods on Two-Dimensional Lattices: Monte Carlo (MC) simulations have been carried out to study the adsorption on\nsquare and triangular lattices of particles with two bonding sites that, by\ndecreasing temperature or increasing density, polymerize reversibly into chains\nwith a discrete number of allowed directions and, at the same time, undergo a\ncontinuous isotropic-nematic (IN) transition. The process has been monitored by\nfollowing the behavior of the adsorption isotherms for different values of\nlateral interaction energy/temperature. The numerical data were compared with\nmean-field analytical predictions and exact functions for noninteracting and 1D\nsystems. The obtained results revealed the existence of three adsorption\nregimes in temperature. (1) At high temperatures, above the critical one\ncharacterizing the IN transition at full coverage Tc(\\theta=1), the particles\nare distributed at random on the surface and the adlayer behaves as a\nnoninteracting 2D system. (2) At very low temperatures, the asymmetric monomers\nadsorb forming chains over almost the entire range of coverage, and the\nadsorption process behaves as a 1D problem. (3) In the intermediate regime, the\nsystem exhibits a mixed regime and the filling of the lattice proceeds\naccording to two different processes. In the first stage, the monomers adsorb\nisotropically on the lattice until the IN transition occurs in the system and,\nfrom this point, particles adsorb forming chains so that the adlayer behaves as\na 1D fluid. The two adsorption processes are present in the adsorption\nisotherms, and a marked singularity can be observed that separates both\nregimes. Thus, the adsorption isotherms appear as sensitive quantities with\nrespect to the IN phase transition, allowing us (i) to reproduce the phase\ndiagram of the system for square lattices and (ii) to obtain an accurate\ndetermination of the phase diagram for triangular lattices.",
        "positive": "Violation of ensemble equivalence in the antiferromagnetic mean-field XY\n  model: It is well known that long-range interactions pose serious problems for the\nformulation of statistical mechanics. We show in this paper that ensemble\nequivalence is violated in a simple mean-field model of N fully coupled\nclassical rotators with repulsive interaction (antiferromagnetic XY model).\nWhile in the canonical ensemble the rotators are randomly dispersed over all\nangles, in the microcanonical ensemble a bi-cluster of rotators separated by\nangle $\\pi$, forms in the low energy limit. We attribute this behavior to the\nextreme degeneracy of the ground state: only one harmonic mode is present,\ntogether with N-1 zero modes. We obtain empirically an analytical formula for\nthe probability density function for the angle made by the rotator, which\ncompares extremely well with numerical data and should become exact in the zero\nenergy limit. At low energy, in the presence of the bi-cluster, an extensive\namount of energy is located in the single harmonic mode, with the result that\nthe energy temperature relation is modified. Although still linear, $T = \\alpha\nU$, it has the slope $\\alpha \\approx 1.3$, instead of the canonical value\n$\\alpha =2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Laplacian growth with separately controlled noise and anisotropy: Conformal mapping models are used to study competition of noise and\nanisotropy in Laplacian growth. For that, a new family of models is introduced\nwith the noise level and directional anisotropy controlled independently.\nFractalization is observed in both anisotropic growth and the growth with\nvarying noise. Fractal dimension is determined from cluster size scaling with\nits area. For isotropic growth we find d = 1.7, both at high and low noise. For\nanisotropic growth with reduced noise the dimension can be as low as d = 1.5\nand apparently is not universal. Also, we study fluctuations of particle areas\nand observe, in agreement with previous studies, that exceptionally large\nparticles may appear during the growth, leading to pathologically irregular\nclusters. This difficulty is circumvented by using an acceptance window for\nparticle areas.",
        "positive": "A stochastic Keller-Segel model of chemotaxis: We introduce stochastic models of chemotaxis generalizing the deterministic\nKeller-Segel model. These models include fluctuations which are important in\nsystems with small particle numbers or close to a critical point. Following\nDean's approach, we derive the exact kinetic equation satisfied by the density\ndistribution of cells. In the mean field limit where statistical correlations\nbetween cells are neglected, we recover the Keller-Segel model governing the\nsmooth density field. We also consider hydrodynamic and kinetic models of\nchemotaxis that take into account the inertia of the particles and lead to a\ndelay in the adjustment of the velocity of cells with the chemotactic gradient.\nWe make the connection with the Cattaneo model of chemotaxis and the telegraph\nequation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inhomogeneity and complexity measures for spatial patterns: In this work we examine two different measures for inhomogeneity and\ncomplexity that are derived from nonextensive considerations a' la Tsallis.\nTheir performance is then tested on theoretically generated patterns. All\nmeasures are found to exhibit a most sensitive behaviour for Sierpinski\ncarpets. The procedures here introduced provide us with new, powerful Tsallis'\ntools for analysing the inhomogeneity and complexity of spatial patterns.",
        "positive": "Exact evidence for the spontaneous antiferromagnetic long-range order in\n  the two-dimensional hybrid model of localized Ising spins and itinerant\n  electrons: The generalized decoration-iteration transformation is adopted to treat\nexactly a hybrid model of doubly decorated two-dimensional lattices, which have\nlocalized Ising spins at their nodal lattice sites and itinerant electrons\ndelocalized over pairs of decorating sites. Under the assumption of a half\nfilling of each couple of the decorating sites, the investigated model system\nexhibits a remarkable spontaneous antiferromagnetic long-range order with an\nobvious quantum reduction of the staggered magnetization. It is shown that the\ncritical temperature of the spontaneously long-range ordered quantum\nantiferromagnet displays an outstanding non-monotonic dependence on a ratio\nbetween the kinetic term and the Ising-type exchange interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Smecticlike phase for modulated XY spins in two dimensions: The row model for frustrated XY spins on a triangular lattice in 2D is used\nto study incommensurate{IC}) spiral and commensurate{C} antiferromagnetic (AF)\nphases, in the regime where a C-IC transition occurs. Using fluctuating\nboundary conditions and specific histogram techniques, a detailed Monte Carlo\n(MC) study reveals more structure in the phase diagram than found in previous\nMC simulations of the full parameter space. On the (C) side, equilibrium\nconfigurations consist of alternating stripes of spiral phases of opposite\nchirality separated by walls of the (C) phase. For this same parameter regime,\nthermodynamic quantities are computed analytically using the NSCHA, a\ngeneralization of the self consistent harmonic approximation appropriate for\nchiral systems. On the commensurate side of the (C)-(IC) boundary, NSCHA\npredicts an instability of the (C) phase. This suggests that the state is\nspatially inhomogeneous, consistent with the present MC result: it resembles\nthe smectic-A phase of liquid crystals, and its existence implies that the\nLifshitz point is at ${T=0}$ for modulated XY spins in 2D. The connection\nbetween frustrated XY systems and the vortex state of strong type II\nsuperconductors suggests that the smectic phase may correspond to a vortex\nliquid phase of superconducting layers.",
        "positive": "Coarsening in granular systems: We review a few representative examples of granular experiments or models\nwhere phase separation, accompanied by domain coarsening, is a relevant\nphenomenon. We first elucidate the intrinsic non-equilibrium, or athermal,\nnature of granular media. Thereafter, dilute systems, the so-called \"granular\ngases\" are discussed: idealized kinetic models, such as the gas of inelastic\nhard spheres in the cooling regime, are the optimal playground to study the\nslow growth of correlated structures, e.g. shear patterns, vortices and\nclusters. In fluidized experiments, liquid-gas or solid-gas separations have\nbeen observed. In the case of monolayers of particles, phase coexistence and\ncoarsening appear in several different setups, with mechanical or electrostatic\nenergy input. Phenomenological models describe, even quantitatively, several\nexperimental measures, both for the coarsening dynamics and for the dynamic\ntransition between different granular phases. The origin of the underlying\nbistability is in general related to negative compressibility from granular\nhydrodynamics computations, even if the understanding of the mechanism is far\nfrom complete. A relevant problem, with important industrial applications, is\nrelated to the demixing or segregation of mixtures, for instance in rotating\ntumblers or on horizontally vibrated plates. Finally, the problem of compaction\nof highly dense granular materials, which has many important applications, is\nusually described in terms of coarsening dynamics: there, bubbles of\nmis-aligned grains evaporate, allowing the coalescence of optimally arranged\nislands and a progressive reduction of total occupied volume."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Descending from infinity: Convergence of tailed distributions: We investigate the relaxation of long-tailed distributions under stochastic\ndynamics that do not support such tails. Linear relaxation is found to be a\nborderline case in which long tails are exponentially suppressed in time but\nnot eliminated. Relaxation stronger than linear suppresses long tails\nimmediately, but may lead to strong transient peaks in the probability\ndistribution. A delta function initial distribution under stronger than linear\ndecay displays not one but two different regimes of diffusive spreading.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of Bose-Fermi mixtures in one-dimensional optical lattices: The ground state phase diagram of the one-dimensional Bose-Fermi Hubbard\nmodel is studied in the canonical ensemble using a quantum Monte Carlo method.\nWe focus on the case where both species have half filling in order to maximize\nthe pairing correlations between the bosons and the fermions. In case of equal\nhopping we distinguish between phase separation, a Luttinger liquid phase and a\nphase characterized by strong singlet pairing between the species. True\nlong-range density waves exist with unequal hopping amplitudes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of an Ising model with aperiodic interactions: We write exact renormalization-group recursion relations for a ferromagnetic\nIsing model on the diamond hierarchical lattice with an aperiodic distribution\nof exchange interactions according to a class of generalized two-letter\nFibonacci sequences. For small geometric fluctuations, the critical behavior is\nunchanged with respect to the uniform case. For large fluctuations, the uniform\nfixed point in the parameter space becomes fully unstable. We analyze some\nlimiting cases, and propose a heuristic criterion to check the relevance of the\nfluctuations.",
        "positive": "The combined effect of connectivity and dependency links on percolation\n  of networks: Percolation theory is extensively studied in statistical physics and\nmathematics with applications in diverse fields. However, the research is\nfocused on systems with only one type of links, connectivity links. We review a\nrecently developed mathematical framework for analyzing percolation properties\nof realistic scenarios of networks having links of two types, connectivity and\ndependency links. This formalism was applied to study\nErd$\\ddot{o}$s-R$\\acute{e}$nyi (ER) networks that include also dependency\nlinks. For an ER network with average degree $k$ that is composed of dependency\nclusters of size $s$, the fraction of nodes that belong to the giant component,\n$P_\\infty$, is given by $ P_\\infty=p^{s-1}[1-\\exp{(-kpP_\\infty)}]^s $ where\n$1-p$ is the initial fraction of randomly removed nodes. Here, we apply the\nformalism to the study of random-regular (RR) networks and find a formula for\nthe size of the giant component in the percolation process:\n$P_\\infty=p^{s-1}(1-r^k)^s$ where $r$ is the solution of\n$r=p^s(r^{k-1}-1)(1-r^k)+1$. These general results coincide, for $s=1$, with\nthe known equations for percolation in ER and RR networks respectively without\ndependency links. In contrast to $s=1$, where the percolation transition is\nsecond order, for $s>1$ it is of first order. Comparing the percolation\nbehavior of ER and RR networks we find a remarkable difference regarding their\nresilience. We show, analytically and numerically, that in ER networks with low\nconnectivity degree or large dependency clusters, removal of even a finite\nnumber (zero fraction) of the network nodes will trigger a cascade of failures\nthat fragments the whole network. This result is in contrast to RR networks\nwhere such cascades and full fragmentation can be triggered only by removal of\na finite fraction of nodes in the network."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase ordering in 3d disordered systems: We study numerically the phase-ordering kinetics of the site-diluted and\nbond-diluted Ising models after a quench from an infinite to a low temperature.\nWe show that the speed of growth of the ordered domain's size is non-monotonous\nwith respect to the amount of dilution $D$: Starting from the pure case $D=0$\nthe system slows down when dilution is added, as it is usually expected when\ndisorder is introduced, but only up to a certain value $D^*$ beyond which the\nspeed of growth raises again. We interpret this counterintuitive fact in a\nrenormalization-group inspired framework, along the same lines proposed for the\ncorresponding two-dimensional systems, where a similar pattern was observed.",
        "positive": "Emergent centrality in rank-based supplanting process: We propose a stochastic process of interacting many agents, which is inspired\nby rank-based supplanting dynamics commonly observed in a group of Japanese\nmacaques. In order to characterize the breaking of permutation symmetry with\nrespect to agents' rank in the stochastic process, we introduce a\nrank-dependent quantity, overlap centrality, which quantifies how often a given\nagent overlaps with the other agents. We give a sufficient condition in a wide\nclass of the models such that overlap centrality shows perfect correlation in\nterms of the agents' rank in zero-supplanting limit. We also discuss a\nsingularity of the correlation in the case of interaction induced by a Potts\nenergy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum entanglement entropy and classical mutual information in\n  long-range harmonic oscillators: We study different aspects of quantum von Neumann and R\\'enyi entanglement\nentropy of one dimensional long-range harmonic oscillators that can be\ndescribed by well-defined non-local field theories. We show that the\nentanglement entropy of one interval with respect to the rest changes\nlogarithmically with the number of oscillators inside the subsystem. This is\ntrue also in the presence of different boundary conditions. We show that the\ncoefficients of the logarithms coming from different boundary conditions can be\nreduced to just two different universal coefficients. We also study the effect\nof the mass and temperature on the entanglement entropy of the system in\ndifferent situations. The universality of our results is also confirmed by\nchanging different parameters in the coupled harmonic oscillators. We also show\nthat more general interactions coming from general singular Toeplitz matrices\ncan be decomposed to our long-range harmonic oscillators. Despite the\nlong-range nature of the couplings we show that the area law is valid in two\ndimensions and the universal logarithmic terms appear if we consider subregions\nwith sharp corners. Finally we study analytically different aspects of the\nmutual information such as its logarithmic dependence to the subsystem, effect\nof mass and influence of the boundary. We also generalize our results in this\ncase to general singular Toeplitz matrices and higher dimensions.",
        "positive": "An Analysis of the Transition Zone Between the Various Scaling Regimes\n  in the Small-World Model: We analyse the so-called small-world network model (originally devised by\nStrogatz and Watts), treating it, among other things, as a case study of\nnon-linear coupled difference or differential equations. We derive a system of\nevolution equations containing more of the previously neglected (possibly\nrelevant) non-linear terms. As an exact solution of this entangled system of\nequations is out of question we develop a (as we think, promising) method of\nenclosing the ``exact'' solutions for the expected quantities by upper and\nlower bounds, which represent solutions of a slightly simpler system of\ndifferential equation. Furthermore we discuss the relation between difference\nand differential equations and scrutinize the limits of the spreading idea for\nrandom graphs. We then show that there exists in fact a ``broad'' (with respect\nto scaling exponents) crossover zone, smoothly interpolating between linear and\nlogarithmic scaling of the diameter or average distance. We are able to\ncorroborate earlier findings in certain regions of phase or parameter space (as\ne.g. the finite size scaling ansatz) but find also deviations for other choices\nof the parameters. Our analysis is supplemented by a variety of numerical\ncalculations, which, among other things, quantify the effect of various\napproximations being made.\n  With the help of our analytical results we manage to calculate another\nimportant network characteristic, the (fractal) dimension, and provide\nnumerical values for the case of the small-world network.\n  Catchwords: Small-World Networks, Non-linear Difference Equations"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cooling Rate Dependence and Dynamic Heterogeneity Below the Glass\n  Transition in a Lennard-Jones Glass: We investigate a binary Lennard-Jones mixture with molecular dynamics\nsimulations. We consider first a system cooled linearly in time with the\ncooling rate gamma. By varying gamma over almost four decades we study the\ninfluence of the cooling rate on the glass transition and on the resulting\nglass. We find for all investigated quantities a cooling rate dependence; with\ndecreasing cooling rate the system falls out of equilibrium at decreasing\ntemperatures, reaches lower enthalpies and obtains increasing local order. Next\nwe study the dynamics of the melting process by investigating the most immobile\nand most mobile particles in the glass. We find that their spatial distribution\nis heterogeneous and that the immobile/mobile particles are surrounded by\ndenser/less dense cages than an average particle.",
        "positive": "Locality and thermalization in closed quantum systems: We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the thermalization of a\nlocal observable in a closed quantum system which offers an alternative\nexplanation, independent of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, for the\nthermalization process. We also show that this approach is useful to\ninvestigate thermalization based on a finite-size scaling of numerical data.\nThe condition follows from an exact representation of the observable as a sum\nof a projection onto the local conserved charges of the system and a projection\nonto the non-local ones. We show that thermalization requires that the time\naverage of the latter part vanishes in the thermodynamic limit while time and\nstatistical averages for the first part are identical. As an example, we use\nthis thermalization condition to analyze exact diagonalization data for a\none-dimensional spin model. We find that local correlators do thermalize in the\nthermodynamic limit although we find no indications that the eigenstate\nthermalization hypothesis applies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Intersection of two TASEP traffic lanes with frozen shuffle update: Motivated by interest in pedestrian traffic we study two lanes\n(one-dimensional lattices) of length $L$ that intersect at a single site. Each\nlane is modeled by a TASEP (Totally Asymmetric Exclusion Process). The\nparticles enter and leave lane $\\sigma$ (where $\\sigma=1,2$) with probabilities\n$\\alpha_\\sigma$ and $\\beta_\\sigma$, respectively. We employ the `frozen\nshuffle' update introduced in earlier work [C. Appert-Rolland et al, J. Stat.\nMech. (2011) P07009], in which the particle positions are updated in a fixed\nrandom order. We find analytically that each lane may be in a `free flow' or in\na `jammed' state. Hence the phase diagram in the domain\n$0\\leq\\alpha_1,\\alpha_2\\leq 1$ consists of four regions with boundaries\ndepending on $\\beta_1$ and $\\beta_2$. The regions meet in a single point on the\ndiagonal of the domain. Our analytical predictions for the phase boundaries as\nwell as for the currents and densities in each phase are confirmed by Monte\nCarlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Connecting boundary and interior - \"Gauss's law\" for graphs: The Gauss's law, in an abstract sense, is a theorem that relates quantities\non the boundary (flux) to the interior (charge) of a surface. An identity for\nsoap froths were proved with the same boundary-interior relation. In this\narticle, we try to construct a definition of flux for other graphs, such that a\nsimilar boundary-interior relation can be satisfied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production in a non-Markovian environment: Stochastic thermodynamics and the associated fluctuation relations provide\nthe means to extend the fundamental laws of thermodynamics to small scales and\nsystems out of equilibrium. The fluctuating thermodynamic variables are usually\ntreated in the context of either isolated Hamiltonian evolution, or Markovian\ndynamics in open systems. However, there is no reason a priori why the\nMarkovian approximation should be valid in driven systems under non-equilibrium\nconditions. In this work we introduce an explicitly non-Markovian model of\ndynamics of an open system, where the correlations between the system and the\nenvironment drive a subset of the environment out of equilibrium. Such a an\nenvironment gives rise to a new type of non-Markovian entropy production term.\nSuch non-Markovian components must be taken into account in order to recover\nthe fluctuation relations for entropy. As a concrete example, we explicitly\nderive such modified fluctuation relations for the case of an overheated single\nelectron box.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium phase transitions in continuous symmetric\n  classical magnets: The magnetism is an old problem of Physics. Most interesting part of the\nresearch on magnetism is its thermodynamic behaviour. In this review, the\nthermodynamic phase transitions, mainly in ferromagnetic model systems, are\ndiscussed. The model system has a characteristic of continuous symmetry. In\nthis context, the classical XY and Heisenberg model are chosen for discussion.\nWith a historical survey of such phase transition observed in such models, the\nresults of the recent (over two decades) studies are collected and reviewed.\nThe equilibrium phase transition in such systems are discussed to highlight the\ndependence of the critical temperatures on the anisotropy, dilution etc. On the\nother hand, the nonequilibrium results of such systems driven by time dependent\nmagnetic field, are also reviewed. We believe, this review is a modern\ndocumentation and collection of works in the field of theoretical magnetism\nwhich may be extremely useful for the researcher working in this field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Hierarchical Approach to Protein Molecular Evolution: Biological diversity has evolved despite the essentially infinite complexity\nof protein sequence space. We present a hierarchical approach to the efficient\nsearching of this space and quantify the evolutionary potential of our approach\nwith Monte Carlo simulations. These simulations demonstrate that non-homologous\njuxtaposition of encoded structure is the rate-limiting step in the production\nof new tertiary protein folds. Non-homologous ``swapping'' of low energy\nsecondary structures increased the binding constant of a simulated protein by\n$\\approx10^7$ relative to base substitution alone. Applications of our approach\ninclude the generation of new protein folds and modeling the molecular\nevolution of disease.",
        "positive": "Nucleation and shape dynamics of model nematic tactoids around adhesive\n  colloids: Recent experiments have shown how nematically-ordered tactoid shaped actin\ndroplets can be reorganized and divided by the action of myosin molecular\nmotors. In this paper, we consider how similar morphological changes can\npotentially be achieved under equilibrium conditions. Using simulations, both\natomistic and continuum, and a phenomenological model, we explore how the\nnucleation dynamics, shape changes, and the final steady state of a nematic\ntactoid droplet can be modified by interactions with model adhesive colloids\nthat mimic a myosin motor cluster. Our results provide a prescription for the\nminimal conditions required to stabilize tactoid reorganization and division in\nan equilibrium colloidal-nematic setting."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The longest excursion of fractional Brownian motion : numerical evidence\n  of non-Markovian effects: We study, using exact numerical simulations, the statistics of the longest\nexcursion l_{\\max}(t) up to time t for the fractional Brownian motion with\nHurst exponent 0<H<1. We show that in the large t limit, < l_{\\max}(t) >\n\\propto Q_\\infty t where Q_\\infty \\equiv Q_\\infty(H) depends continuously on H,\nand in a non trivial way. These results are compared with exact analytical\nresults obtained recently for a renewal process with an associated persistence\nexponent \\theta = 1-H. This comparison shows that Q_\\infty(H) carries the clear\nsignature of non-Markovian effects for H\\neq 1/2. The pre-asymptotic behavior\nof < l_{\\max}(t)> is also discussed.",
        "positive": "L\u00e9vy-type diffusion on one-dimensional directed Cantor Graphs: L\\'evy-type walks with correlated jumps, induced by the topology of the\nmedium, are studied on a class of one-dimensional deterministic graphs built\nfrom generalized Cantor and Smith-Volterra-Cantor sets. The particle performs a\nstandard random walk on the sets but is also allowed to move ballistically\nthroughout the empty regions. Using scaling relations and the mapping onto the\nelectric network problem, we obtain the exact values of the scaling exponents\nfor the asymptotic return probability, the resistivity and the mean square\ndisplacement as a function of the topological parameters of the sets.\nInterestingly, the systems undergoes a transition from superdiffusive to\ndiffusive behavior as a function of the filling of the fractal. The\ndeterministic topology also allows us to discuss the importance of the choice\nof the initial condition. In particular, we demonstrate that local and average\nmeasurements can display different asymptotic behavior. The analytic results\nare compared with the numerical solution of the master equation of the process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Impossible Mission: Entropy Maximization with Escort Averages: It has recently been a common practice to maximize the deformed entropies\nthrough the escort averaging scheme. However, whatever averaging procedure is\nemployed, one should recover the ordinary Shannon maximization results in the\nappropriate limit of the deformation parameter e.g. $q\\to 1$ for the Tsallis\nand R\\'enyi entropies. Otherwise, the very meaning of a consistent\ngeneralization becomes at stake. Using only this equivalence, we show that any\ndeformed entropy expression, maximized with the escort averaged constraints,\nyields that the Shannon entropy $S$ is equal to the logarithm of the ordinary\ncanonical partition function i.e. $S = \\ln(Z_S )$ instead of the correct\nthermodynamic relation $S = \\beta U + \\ln(Z_S )$. Therefore, we conclude that\nthe use of the escort averaging procedure should be avoided for any deformed\nentropies, since it cannot even yield the well-known thermodynamic relations of\nthe ordinary canonical formalism.",
        "positive": "Heat Conduction in a hard disc system with non-conserved momentum: We describe results of computer simulations of steady state heat transport in\na fluid of hard discs undergoing both elastic interparticle collisions and\nvelocity randomizing collisions which do not conserve momentum. The system\nconsists of N discs of radius r in a unit square, periodic in the y-direction\nand having thermal walls at x = 0 with temperature T0 taking values from 1 to\n20 and at x = 1 with T1 = 1. We consider different values of the ratio between\nrandomizing and interparticle collision rates and extrapolate results from\ndifferent N, to N->infinity, r->0 such that rho=1/2. We find that in the\n(extrapolated) limit N->infinity, the systems local density and temperature\nprofiles are those of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and obey Fourier's\nlaw. The variance of global quantities, such as the total energy, deviates from\nits local equilibrium value in a form consistent with macroscopic fluctuation\ntheory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractal properties of resistor diode percolation: Focusing on multifractal properties we investigate electric transport on\nrandom resistor diode networks at the phase transition between the\nnon-percolating and the directed percolating phase. Building on first\nprinciples such as symmetries and relevance we derive a field theoretic\nHamiltonian. Based on this Hamiltonian we determine the multifractal moments of\nthe current distribution that are governed by a family of critical exponents\n$\\{\\psi_l \\}$. We calculate the family $\\{\\psi_l \\}$ to two-loop order in a\ndiagrammatic perturbation calculation augmented by renormalization group\nmethods.",
        "positive": "The statistical properties of the volatility of price fluctuations: We study the statistical properties of volatility---a measure of how much the\nmarket is likely to fluctuate. We estimate the volatility by the local average\nof the absolute price changes. We analyze (a) the S&P 500 stock index for the\n13-year period Jan 1984 to Dec 1996 and (b) the market capitalizations of the\nlargest 500 companies registered in the Trades and Quotes data base,\ndocumenting all trades for all the securities listed in the three major stock\nexchanges in the US for the 2-year period Jan 1994 to Dec 1995. For the S&P 500\nindex, the probability density function of the volatility can be fit with a\nlog-normal form in the center. However, the asymptotic behavior is better\ndescribed by a power-law distribution characterized by an exponent 1 + \\mu\n\\approx 4. For individual companies, we find a power law asymptotic behavior of\nthe probability distribution of volatility with exponent 1 + \\mu \\approx 4,\nsimilar to the S&P 500 index. In addition, we find that the volatility\ndistribution scales for a range of time intervals. Further, we study the\ncorrelation function of the volatility and find power law decay with long\npersistence for the S&P 500 index and the individual companies with a crossover\nat approximately 1.5 days. To quantify the power-law correlations, we apply\npower spectrum analysis and a recently-developed modified root-mean-square\nanalysis, termed detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). For the S&P 500 index,\nDFA estimates for the exponents characterizing the power law correlations are\n\\alpha_1=0.66 for short time scales (within \\approx 1.5 days) and \\alpha_2=0.93\nfor longer time scales (up to a year). For individual companies, we find\n\\alpha_1=0.60 and \\alpha_2=0.74, respectively. The power spectrum gives\nconsistent estimates of the two power-law exponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relativistic thermodynamics of perfect fluids: The relativistic continuity equations for the extensive thermodynamic\nquantities are derived based on the divergence theorem in Minkowski space\noutlined by St\\\"uckelberg. This covariant approach leads to a relativistic\nformulation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The internal energy\ndensity and the pressure of a relativistic perfect fluid carry inertia, which\nleads to a relativistic coupling between heat and work. The relativistic\ncontinuity equation for the relativistic inertia is derived. The relativistic\ncorrections in the Euler equation and in the continuity equations for the\nenergy and momentum are identified. This relativistic theoretical framework\nallows a rigorous derivation of the relativistic transformation laws for the\ntemperature, the pressure and the chemical potential based on the relativistic\ntransformation laws for the energy density, the entropy density, the mass\ndensity and the number density.",
        "positive": "Shape of a Barkhausen pulse: The average shape of the pulse in Barkhausen noise has been recently proposed\nas a tool to compare models and experiments. We compute theoretically the pulse\nshape of Barkhausen noise in a model describing the motion of a domain wall in\nan effective Brownian potential. In this framework, the pulse shape is related\nto the properties of the excursion of a random process in a $c\\log(x)-kx$\npotential. We record the Barkhausen noise in polycristalline ${FeSi}$\nmaterials, and compare the pulse shape with the one predicted by the domain\nwall model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shear viscosity for a heated granular binary mixture at low-density: The shear viscosity for a heated granular binary mixture of smooth hard\nspheres at low-density is analyzed. The mixture is heated by the action of an\nexternal driving force (Gaussian thermostat) which exactly compensate for\ncooling effects associated with the dissipation of collisions. The study is\nmade from the Boltzmann kinetic theory, which is solved by using two\ncomplementary approaches. First, a normal solution of the Boltzmann equation\nvia the Chapman-Enskog method is obtained up to first order in the spatial\ngradients. The mass, heat, and momentum fluxes are determined and the\ncorresponding transport coefficients identified. As in the free cooling case\n[V. Garz\\'o and J. W. Dufty, Phys. Fluids {\\bf 14}, 1476 (2002)], practical\nevaluation requires a Sonine polynomial approximation, and here it is mainly\nillustrated in the case of the shear viscosity. Second, to check the accuracy\nof the Chapman-Enskog results, the Boltzmann equation is numerically solved by\nmeans of the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. The simulation is\nperformed for a system under uniform shear flow, using the Gaussian thermostat\nto control inelastic cooling. The comparison shows an excellent agreement\nbetween theory and simulation over a wide range of values of the restitution\ncoefficients and the parameters of the mixture (masses, concentrations, and\nsizes).",
        "positive": "Transport Statistics of Bistable Systems: We consider the transport statistics of classical bistable systems driven by\nnoise. The stochastic path integral formalism is used to investigate the\ndynamics and distribution of transmitted charge. Switching rates between the\ntwo stable states are found from an instanton calculation, leading to an\neffective two-state system on a long time scale. In the bistable current range,\nthe telegraph noise dominates the distribution, whose logarithm is found to be\nuniversally described by a tilted ellipse."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Theory of Phase Transitions in Driven Lattice Gases: We formulate an approximate thermodynamic theory of the phase transition in\ndriven lattice gases with attractive nearest-neighbor interactions. We\nconstruct the van der Waals equation of state for a driven system where a\nnonequilibrium chemical potential can be expressed as a function of density and\ndriving field. A Maxwell's construction leads to the phase transition from a\nhomogeneous fluid phase to the coexisting phases of gas and liquid.",
        "positive": "Extending the applicability of Thermal Dynamics to Evolutionary Biology: In the past years, a remarkable mapping has been found between the dynamics\nof a population of M individuals undergoing random mutations and selection, and\nthat of a single system in contact with a thermal bath with temperature 1/M.\nThis correspondence holds under the somewhat restrictive condition that the\npopulation is dominated by a single type at almost all times, punctuated by\nrare successive mutations. Here we argue that such thermal dynamics will hold\nmore generally, specifically in systems with rugged fitness landscapes. This\nincludes cases with strong clonal interference, where a number of concurrent\nmutants dominate the population. The problem becomes closely analogous to the\nexperimental situation of glasses subjected to controlled variations of\nparameters such as temperature, pressure or magnetic fields. Non-trivial\nsuggestions from the field of glasses may be thus proposed for evolutionary\nsystems - including a large part of the numerical simulation procedures - that\nin many cases would have been counter intuitive without this background."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chaperone assisted translocation: We investigate the translocation of a stiff polymer through a nanopore in a\nmembrane, in the presence of binding particles (chaperones) that bind\nreversibly to the polymer on both sides of the membrane. A bound chaperone\ncovers one (univalent binding) or many (multivalent binding) binding sites.\nAssuming that the diffusion of the chaperones is fast compared to the rate of\ntranslocation we describe the process by a one-dimensional master equation. We\nexpand previous models by a detailed study of the effective force in the master\nequation, which is obtained by the appropriate statistical mechanical average\nover the chaperone states. The dependence of the force on the degree of valency\n(the number of binding sites occupied by a chaperone) is studied in detail. We\nobtain finite size corrections (to the thermodynamical expression for the\nforce), which, for univalent binding, can be expressed analytically. We finally\ninvestigate the mean velocity for translocation as a function of chaperone\nbinding strength and size. For both univalent and multivalent binding simple\nresults are obtained for the case of a sufficiently long translocating polymer.",
        "positive": "Finite-size scaling of typicality-based estimates: According to the concept of typicality, an ensemble average can be accurately\napproximated by an expectation value with respect to a single pure state drawn\nat random from a high-dimensional Hilbert space. This random-vector\napproximation, or trace estimator, provides a powerful approach to, e.g.,\nthermodynamic quantities for systems with large Hilbert-space sizes, which\nusually cannot be treated exactly, analytically or numerically. Here, we\ndiscuss the finite-size scaling of the accuracy of such trace estimators from\ntwo perspectives. First, we study the full probability distribution of\nrandom-vector expectation values and, second, the full temperature dependence\nof the standard deviation. With the help of numerical examples, we find\npronounced Gaussian probability distributions and the expected decrease of the\nstandard deviation with system size, at least above certain system-specific\ntemperatures. Below and in particular for temperatures smaller than the\nexcitation gap, simple rules are not available."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dephasing and dissipation in qubit thermodynamics: We analyze the stochastic evolution and dephasing of a qubit within the\nquantum jump (QJ) approach. It allows one to treat individual realizations of\ninelastic processes, and in this way it provides solutions, for instance, to\nproblems in quantum thermodynamics and distributions in statistical mechanics.\nAs a solvable example, we study a qubit in the weak dissipation limit, and\ndemonstrate that dephasing and relaxation render the Jarzynski and Crooks\nfluctuation relations (FRs) of non-equilibrium thermodynamics intact. On the\ncontrary, the standard two-measurement protocol, taking into account only the\nfluctuations of the internal energy $U$, leads to deviations in FRs under the\nsame conditions. We relate the average $\\langle e^{-\\beta U} \\rangle $ (where\n$\\beta$ is the inverse temperature) with the qubit's relaxation and dephasing\nrates, and discuss this relationship for different mechanisms of decoherence.",
        "positive": "Temporal and spatial persistence of combustion fronts: The spatial and temporal persistence, or first-return distributions are\nmeasured for slow combustion fronts in paper. The stationary temporal and\n(perhaps less convincingly) spatial persistence exponents agree with the\npredictions based on the front dynamics, which asymptotically belongs to the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class. The stationary short-range and\nthe transient behavior of the fronts is non-Markovian and the observed\npersistence properties thus do not agree with the theory. This deviation is a\nconsequence of additional time and length scales, related to the crossovers to\nthe asymptotic coarse-grained behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of a Local Algorithm for Simulating Coulomb Interactions: Charged systems interacting via Coulomb forces can be efficiently simulated\nby introducing a local, diffusing degree of freedom for the electric field.\nThis paper formulates the continuum electrodynamic equations corresponding to\nthe algorithm and studies the spectrum of fluctuations when these equations are\ncoupled to mobile charges. I compare the calculations with simulations of a\ncharged lattice gas, and study the dynamics of charge and density fluctuations.\nThe algorithm can be understood as a realization of a mechanical model of the\nether.",
        "positive": "Zeros of the Potts Model Partition Function on Sierpinski Graphs: We calculate zeros of the $q$-state Potts model partition function on\n$m$'th-iterate Sierpinski graphs, $S_m$, in the variable $q$ and in a\ntemperature-like variable, $y$. We infer some asymptotic properties of the loci\nof zeros in the limit $m \\to \\infty$ and relate these to thermodynamic\nproperties of the $q$-state Potts ferromagnet and antiferromagnet on the\nSierpinski gasket fractal, $S_\\infty$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal stochastic transport in inhomogeneous thermal environments: We consider optimization of the average entropy production in inhomogeneous\ntemperature environments within the framework of stochastic thermodynamics. For\nsystems modeled by Langevin equations (e.g. a colloidal particle in a heat\nbath) it has been recently shown that a space dependent temperature breaks the\ntime reversal symmetry of the fast velocity degrees of freedom resulting in an\nanomalous contribution to the entropy production of the overdamped dynamics. We\nshow that optimization of entropy production is determined by an auxiliary\ndeterministic problem describing motion on a curved manifold in a potential.\nThe \"anomalous contribution\" to entropy plays the role of the potential and the\ninverse of the diffusion tensor is the metric. We also find that entropy\nproduction is not minimized by adiabatically slow, quasi-static protocols but\nthere is a finite optimal duration for the transport process. As an example we\ndiscuss the case of a linearly space dependent diffusion coefficient.",
        "positive": "The second order dense ferromagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition: The fcc spin-1 Ising (BEG) model has a dense ferromagnetic ($df$) ground\nstate instead of the ferromagnetic ground state at low temperature region and\nexhibits the dense ferromagnetic ($df$) - ferromagnetic ($F$) phase transition\nfor $d=D/J=2.9$, $k=K/J=-0.5$, $\\ell =L/J=0$ and $h=H/J=0$. The critical\nbehavior of the dense ferromagnetic ($df$) - ferromagnetic ($F$) phase\ntransition has been investigated using the cellular automaton cooling and\nheating algorithms. The universality class and the type of the dense\nferromagnetic ($df$) - ferromagnetic ($F$) phase transition have been\nresearched within the framework of the finite - size scaling, the power law\nrelations and the probability distribution. The results show that the dense\nferromagnetic- ferromagnetic phase transition is of the second order and the\nmodel shows universal second order Ising critical behavior at $d=2.9$ parameter\nvalue through $k=-0.5$ line."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Linear response theory in stochastic many-body systems revisited: The Green-Kubo relation, the Einstein relation, and the fluctuation-response\nrelation are representative universal relations among measurable quantities\nthat are valid in the linear response regime. We provide pedagogical proofs of\nthese universal relations for stochastic many-body systems. Through these\nsimple proofs, we characterize the three relations as follows. The Green-Kubo\nrelation is a direct result of the local detailed balance condition, the\nfluctuation-response relation represents the dynamic extension of both the\nGreen-Kubo relation and the fluctuation relation in equilibrium statistical\nmechanics, and the Einstein relation can be understood by considering\nthermodynamics. We also clarify the interrelationships among the universal\nrelations.",
        "positive": "Statistics modification under monomer diffusion: The diffusion and coalescence of individual atoms on a nanostructured surface\nare treated in a purely statistical way. From this, analytical formulas are\nderived which, from a known initial state, give the final cluster size\ndistribution on a surface after the diffusion of all the individual atoms.\nUnexpectedly, it turns out that these formulas allow obtaining a statistical\nlaw giving the size histogram of the clusters when only homogeneous nucleation\noccurs with a critical germ equal to 2, and in the situation where nucleation\nstarts once the deposition of the atoms is completed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Step fluctuations for a faceted crystal: A statistical mechanics model for a faceted crystal is the 3D Ising model at\nzero temperature. It is assumed that in one octant all sites are occupied by\natoms, the remaining ones being empty. Allowed atom configurations are such\nthat they can be obtained from the filled octant through successive removals of\natoms with breaking of precisely three bonds. If V denotes the number of atoms\nremoved, then the grand canonical Boltzmann weight is q^V, 0<q<1. As shown by\nCerf and Kenyon, in the limit q -> 1 a deterministic shape is attained, which\nhas the three facets (100), (010), (001), and a rounded piece interpolating\nbetween them. We analyse the step statistics as q -> 1. In the rounded piece it\nis given by a determinantal process based on the discrete sine-kernel. Exactly\nat the facet edge, the steps have more space to meander. Their statistics is\nagain determinantal, but this time based on the Airy-kernel. In particular, the\nborder step is well approximated by the Airy process, which has been obtained\npreviously in the context of growth models. Our results are based on the\nasymptotic analysis for space-time inhomogeneous transfer matrices.",
        "positive": "From Random Motion of Hamiltonian Systems to Boltzmann H Theorem and\n  Second Law of Thermodynamics -- a Pathway by Path Probability: A numerical experiment of ideal stochastic motion of a particle subject to\nconservative forces and Gaussian noise reveals that the path probability\ndepends exponentially on action. This distribution implies a fundamental\nprinciple generalizing the least action principle of the Hamiltonian-Lagrangian\nmechanics and yields an extended formalism of mechanics for random dynamics.\nWithin this theory, Liouville theorem of conservation of phase density\ndistribution must be modified to allow time evolution of phase density and\nconsequently the Boltzmann H theorem. We argue that the gap between the regular\nNewtonian dynamics and the random dynamics was not considered in the criticisms\nof the H theorem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Levy distribution in half space based on nonextensive statistical\n  mechanics: Probability distributions defined on the half space are known to be quite\ndifferent from those in the full space. Here, a nonextensive entropic treatment\nis presented for the half space in an analytic and self-consistent way. In this\ndevelopment, the ordinary first moment of the random variable X is divergent in\ncontrast to the case of the full space. A general (nu)-th moment of X is\nconsidered as a constraint in the principle of maximum Tsallis entropy. The\ninfinite divisibility of the distribution with an arbitrary (nu) larger than\nzero and convergence of its N-fold convolution to the exact Levy-stable\ndistribution is discussed in detail. A feature of this derivation is that the\nLevy index is related to both the values of (nu) and the index of\nnonextensivity.",
        "positive": "Chaos and High Temperature Pure State Thermalization: Classical arguments for thermalization of isolated systems do not apply in a\nstraightforward way to the quantum case. Recently, there has been interest in\ndiagnostics of quantum chaos in many- body systems. In the classical case,\nchaos is a popular explanation for the legitimacy of the methods of statistical\nphysics. In this work, we relate a previously proposed criteria of quantum\nchaos in the unitary time evolution operator to the entanglement entropy growth\nfor a far-from-equilibrium initial pure state. By mapping the unitary time\nevolution operator to a doubled state, chaos can be characterized by\nsuppression of mutual information between subsystems of the past and that of\nthe future. We show that when this mutual information is small, a typical\nunentangled initial state will evolve to a highly entangled final state. Our\nresult provides a more concrete connection between quantum chaos and\nthermalization in many-body systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling in critical random Boolean networks: We derive mostly analytically the scaling behavior of the number of nonfrozen\nand relevant nodes in critical Kauffman networks (with two inputs per node) in\nthe thermodynamic limit. By defining and analyzing a stochastic process that\ndetermines the frozen core we can prove that the mean number of nonfrozen nodes\nscales with the network size N as N^{2/3}, with only N^{1/3} nonfrozen nodes\nhaving two nonfrozen inputs. We also show the probability distributions for the\nnumbers of these nodes. Using a different stochastic process, we determine the\nscaling behavior of the number of relevant nodes. Their mean number increases\nfor large N as N^{1/3}, and only a finite number of relevant nodes have two\nrelevant inputs. It follows that all relevant components apart from a finite\nnumber are simple loops, and that the mean number and length of attractors\nincreases faster than any power law with network size.",
        "positive": "Chiral exponents in frustrated spin models with noncollinear ordering: We compute the chiral critical exponents for the chiral transition in\nfrustrated two- and three-component spin systems with noncollinear order, such\nas stacked triangular antiferromagnets (STA). For this purpose, we calculate\nand analyze the six-loop field-theoretical expansion of the\nrenormalization-group function associated with the chiral operator. The results\nare in satisfactory agreement with those obtained in the recent experiment on\nthe XY STA CsMnBr_3 reported by V. P. Plakhty et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3942\n(2000), providing further support for the continuous nature of the chiral\ntransition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical and Quantum Annealing in the Median of Three Satisfiability: We determine the classical and quantum complexities of a specific ensemble of\nthree-satisfiability problems with a unique satisfying assignment for up to\nN=100 and N=80 variables, respectively. In the classical limit we employ\ngeneralized ensemble techniques and measure the time that a Markovian Monte\nCarlo process spends in searching classical ground states. In the quantum limit\nwe determine the maximum finite correlation length along a quantum adiabatic\ntrajectory determined by the linear sweep of the adiabatic control parameter in\nthe Hamiltonian composed of the problem Hamiltonian and the constant transverse\nfield Hamiltonian. In the median of our ensemble both complexities diverge\nexponentially with the number of variables. Hence, standard, conventional\nadiabatic quantum computation fails to reduce the computational complexity to\npolynomial. Moreover, the growth-rate constant in the quantum limit is 3.8\ntimes as large as the one in the classical limit, making classical fluctuations\nmore beneficial than quantum fluctuations in ground-state searches.",
        "positive": "Statistical properties of inelastic Lorentz gas: The inelastic Lorentz gas in cooling states is studied. It is found that the\ninelastic Lorentz gas is localized and that the mean square displacement of the\ninelastic Lorentz gas obeys a power of a logarithmic function of time. It is\nalso found that the scaled position distribution of the inelastic Lorentz gas\nhas an exponential tail, while the distribution is close to the Gaussian near\nthe peak. Using a random walk model, we derive an analytical expression of the\nmean square displacement as a function of time and the restitution coefficient,\nwhich well agrees with the data of our simulation. The exponential tail of the\nscaled position distribution function is also obtained by the method of\nsteepest descent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Study of the one-dimensional off-lattice hot-monomer reaction model: Hot monomers are particles having a transient mobility (a ballistic flight)\nprior to being definitely absorbed on a surface. After arriving at a surface,\nthe excess energy coming from the kinetic energy in the gas phase is dissipated\nthrough degrees of freedom parallel to the surface plane. In this paper we\nstudy the hot monomer-monomer adsorption-reaction process on a continuum\n(off-lattice) one-dimensional space by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The\nsystem exhibits second-order irreversible phase transition between a reactive\nand saturated (absorbing) phases which belong to the directed percolation (DP)\nuniversality class. This result is interpreted by means of a coarse-grained\nLangevin description which allows as to extend the DP conjecture to transitions\noccurring in continuous media.",
        "positive": "Turbulent compressible fluid: renormalization group analysis, scaling\n  regimes, and anomalous scaling of advected scalar fields: We study a model of fully developed turbulence of a compressible fluid, based\non the stochastic Navier-Stokes equation, by means of the field theoretic\nrenormalization group. In this approach, scaling properties are related to the\nfixed points of the renormalization group equations. Previous analysis of this\nmodel near the real-world space dimension 3 identified some scaling regime\n[Theor. Math. Phys., 110, 3 (1997)]. The aim of the present paper is to explore\nthe existence of additional regimes, that could not be found using the direct\nperturbative approach of the previous work, and to analyze the crossover\nbetween different regimes. It seems possible to determine them near the special\nvalue of space dimension $4$ in the framework of double $y$ and $\\varepsilon$\nexpansion, where $y$ is the exponent associated with the random force and\n$\\varepsilon=4-d$ is the deviation from the space dimension $4$. Our\ncalculations show that there exists an additional fixed point that governs\nscaling behavior. Turbulent advection of a passive scalar (density) field by\nthis velocity ensemble is considered as well. We demonstrate that various\ncorrelation functions of the scalar field exhibit anomalous scaling behavior in\nthe inertial-convective range. The corresponding anomalous exponents,\nidentified as scaling dimensions of certain composite fields, can be\nsystematically calculated as a series in $y$ and $\\varepsilon$. All\ncalculations are performed in the leading one-loop approximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement evolution across defects in critical anisotropic Heisenberg\n  chains: We study the out-of-equilibrium time evolution after a local quench\nconnecting two anisotropic spin-1/2 XXZ Heisenberg open chains via an impurity\nbond. The dynamics is obtained by means of the adaptive time-dependent\ndensity-matrix renormalization group. We show that the entanglement entropies\n(Von Neumann and R\\'enyi), in the presence of a weakened bond depend on the\nsign of the bulk interaction. For attractive interaction (\\Delta< 0), the\ndefect turns out to be irrelevant and the evolution is asymptotically\nequivalent to the one without defect obtained by conformal field theory. For\nrepulsive interaction (\\Delta>0), the defect is relevant and the entanglement\nsaturates to a finite value. This out-of-equilibrium behavior generalizes the\nwell known results for the ground-state entanglement entropy of the model.",
        "positive": "Correlations in a Confined gas of Harmonically Interacting\n  Spin-Polarized Fermions: For a fermion gas with equally spaced energy levels, the density and the pair\ncorrelation function are obtained. The derivation is based on the path integral\napproach for identical particles and the inversion of the generating functions\nfor both static responses. The density and the pair correlation function are\nevaluated explicitly in the ground state of a confined fermion system with a\nnumber of particles ranging from 1 to 220 and filling the Fermi level\ncompletely."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Isothermal Langevin dynamics in systems with power-law\n  spatially-dependent friction: We study the dynamics of Brownian particles in a heterogeneous\none-dimensional medium with a spatially-dependent diffusion coefficient of the\nform $D(x)\\sim |x|^c$, at constant temperature. The particle's probability\ndistribution function (PDF) is calculated both analytically, by solving Fick's\ndiffusion equation, and from numerical simulations of the underdamped Langevin\nequation. At large times, the PDFs calculated by both approaches yield\nidentical results, corresponding to subdiffusion for $c<0$, and superdiffusion\nfor $0<c<1$. For $c>1$, the diffusion equation predicts that the particles\naccelerate. Here, we show that this phenomenon, previously considered in\nseveral works as an illustration for the possible dramatic effects of\nspatially-dependent thermal noise, is unphysical. We argue that in an\nisothermal medium, the motion cannot exceed the ballistic limit ($\\left\\langle\nx^2\\right\\rangle \\sim t^2$). The ballistic limit is reached when the friction\ncoefficient drops sufficiently fast at large distances from the origin, and is\ncorrectly captured by Langevin's equation.",
        "positive": "Recent progress in fluctuation theorems and free energy recovery: In this note we review recent progress about fluctuation relations and their\napplicability to free energy recovery in single molecule experiments. We\nunderline the importance of the operational definition for the mechanical work\nand the non-invariance of fluctuation relations under Galilean transformations,\nboth aspects currently amenable to experimental test. Finally we describe a\ngeneralization of the Crooks fluctuation relation useful to recover free\nenergies of partially equilibrated states and thermodynamic branches."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New integrable extension of the Hubbard chain with variable range\n  hopping: New integrable variant of the one-dimensional Hubbard model with\nvariable-range correlated hopping is studied. The Hamiltonian is constructed by\napplying the quantum inverse scattering method on the infinite interval at zero\ndensity to the one-parameter deformation of the L-matrix of the Hubbard model.\nBy construction, this model has Y(su(2))$\\oplus$Y(su(2)) symmetry in the\ninfinite chain limit. Multiparticle eigenstates of the model are investigated\nthrough this method.",
        "positive": "Analysis of power-law exponents by maximum-likelihood maps: Maximum-likelihood exponent maps have been studied as a technique to increase\nthe understanding and improve the fit of power-law exponents to experimental\nand numerical simulation data, especially when they exhibit both upper and\nlower cut-offs. The use of the technique is tested by analyzing seismological\ndata, acoustic emission data and avalanches in numerical simulations of the\n3D-Random Field Ising model. In the different examples we discuss the nature of\nthe deviations observed in the exponent maps and some relevant conclusions are\ndrawn for the physics behind each phenomenon."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Criticality and self-organization in branching processes: application to\n  natural hazards: The statistics of natural catastrophes contains very counter-intuitive\nresults. Using earthquakes as a working example, we show that the energy\nradiated by such events follows a power-law or Pareto distribution. This means,\nin theory, that the expected value of the energy does not exist (is infinite),\nand in practice, that the mean of a finite set of data in not representative of\nthe full population. Also, the distribution presents scale invariance, which\nimplies that it is not possible to define a characteristic scale for the\nenergy. A simple model to account for this peculiar statistics is a branching\nprocess: the activation or slip of a fault segment can trigger other segments\nto slip, with a certain probability, and so on. Although not recognized\ninitially by seismologists, this is a particular case of the stochastic process\nstudied by Galton and Watson one hundred years in advance, in order to model\nthe extinction of (prominent) families. Using the formalism of probability\ngenerating functions we will be able to derive, in an accessible way, the main\nproperties of these models. Remarkably, a power-law distribution of energies is\nonly recovered in a very special case, when the branching process is at the\nonset of attenuation and intensification, i.e., at criticality. In order to\naccount for this fact, we introduce the self-organized critical models, in\nwhich, by means of some feedback mechanism, the critical state becomes an\nattractor in the evolution of such systems. Analogies with statistical physics\nare drawn. The bulk of the material presented here is self-contained, as only\nelementary probability and mathematics are needed to start to read.",
        "positive": "First passage time for $g$--subdiffusion process of vanishing particles: Subdiffusion equation and molecule survival equation, both with Caputo\nfractional time derivatives with respect to another functions $g_1$ and $g_2$,\nrespectively, are used to describe diffusion of a molecule that can disappear\nat any time with a constant probability. The process can be interpreted as\n``ordinary'' subdiffusion and ``ordinary'' molecule survival process in which\ntimescales are changed by the functions $g_1$ and $g_2$. We derive the\nfirst-passage time distribution for the process. The mutual influence of\nsubdiffusion and molecule vanishing processes can be included in the model when\nthe functions $g_1$ and $g_2$ are related to each other. As an example, we\nconsider the processes in which subdiffusion and molecule survival are highly\nrelated, which corresponds to the case of $g_1\\equiv g_2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From laser cooling to aging: a unified Levy flight description: Intriguing phenomena such as subrecoil laser cooling of atoms, or aging\nphenomenon in glasses, have in common that the systems considered do not reach\na steady-state during the experiments, although the experimental time scales\nare very large compared to the microscopic ones. We revisit some standard\nmodels describing these phenomena, and reformulate them in a unified framework\nin terms of lifetimes of the microscopic states of the system. A universal\ndynamical mechanism emerges, leading to a generic time-dependent distribution\nof lifetimes, independently of the physical situation considered.",
        "positive": "Is stochastic thermodynamics the key to understanding the energy costs\n  of computation?: The relationship between the thermodynamic and computational characteristics\nof dynamical physical systems has been a major theoretical interest since at\nleast the 19th century, and has been of increasing practical importance as the\nenergetic cost of digital devices has exploded over the last half century. One\nof the most important thermodynamic features of real-world computers is that\nthey operate very far from thermal equilibrium, in finite time, with many\nquickly (co-)evolving degrees of freedom. Such computers also must almost\nalways obey multiple physical constraints on how they work. For example, all\nmodern digital computers are periodic processes, governed by a global clock.\nAnother example is that many computers are modular, hierarchical systems, with\nstrong restrictions on the connectivity of their subsystems. This properties\nhold both for naturally occurring computers, like brains or Eukaryotic cells,\nas well as digital systems. These features of real-world computers are absent\nin 20th century analyses of the thermodynamics of computational processes,\nwhich focused on quasi-statically slow processes. However, the field of\nstochastic thermodynamics has been developed in the last few decades - and it\nprovides the formal tools for analyzing systems that have exactly these\nfeatures of real-world computers. We argue here that these tools, together with\nother tools currently being developed in stochastic thermodynamics, may help us\nunderstand at a far deeper level just how the fundamental physical properties\nof dynamic systems are related to the computation that they perform."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Integrable time-dependent Hamiltonians, solvable Landau-Zener models and\n  Gaudin magnets: We solve the non-stationary Schrodinger equation for several time-dependent\nHamiltonians, such as the BCS Hamiltonian with an interaction strength\ninversely proportional to time, periodically driven BCS and linearly driven\ninhomogeneous Dicke models as well as various multi-level Landau-Zener\ntunneling models. The latter are Demkov-Osherov, bow-tie, and generalized\nbow-tie models. We show that these Landau-Zener problems and their certain\ninteracting many-body generalizations map to Gaudin magnets in a magnetic\nfield. Moreover, we demonstrate that the time-dependent Schrodinger equation\nfor the above models has a similar structure and is integrable with a similar\ntechnique as Knizhnikov-Zamolodchikov equations. We also discuss applications\nof our results to the problem of molecular production in an atomic Fermi gas\nswept through a Feshbach resonance and to the evaluation of the Landau-Zener\ntransition probabilities.",
        "positive": "Global topological control for synchronized dynamics on networks: A general scheme is proposed and tested to control the symmetry breaking\ninstability of a homogeneous solution of a spatially extended multispecies\nmodel, defined on a network. The inherent discreteness of the space makes it\npossible to act on the topology of the inter-nodes contacts to achieve the\ndesired degree of stabilization, without altering the dynamical parameters of\nthe model. Both symmetric and asymmetric couplings are considered. In this\nlatter setting the web of contacts is assumed to be balanced, for the\nhomogeneous equilibrium to exist. The performance of the proposed method are\nassessed, assuming the Complex Ginzburg-Landau equation as a reference model.\nIn this case, the implemented control allows one to stabilize the synchronous\nlimit cycle, hence time-dependent, uniform solution. A system of coupled real\nGinzburg-Landau equations is also investigated to obtain the topological\nstabilization of a homogeneous and constant fixed point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A new spin on optimal portfolios and ecological equilibria: We consider the classical problem of optimal portfolio construction with the\nconstraint that no short position is allowed, or equivalently the valid\nequilibria of multispecies Lotka-Volterra equations with self-regulation in the\nspecial case where the interaction matrix is of unit rank, corresponding to\nspecies competing for a common resource. We compute the average number of\nsolutions and show that its logarithm grows as $N^\\alpha$, where $N$ is the\nnumber of assets or species and $\\alpha \\leq 2/3$ depends on the interaction\nmatrix distribution. We conjecture that the most likely number of solutions is\nmuch smaller and related to the typical sparsity $m(N)$ of the solutions, which\nwe compute explicitly. We also find that the solution landscape is similar to\nthat of spin-glasses, i.e. very different configurations are quasi-degenerate.\nCorrespondingly, \"disorder chaos\" is also present in our problem. We discuss\nthe consequence of such a property for portfolio construction and ecologies,\nand question the meaning of rational decisions when there is a very large\nnumber \"satisficing\" solutions.",
        "positive": "WKB-type-of approximation for rare event statistics in reacting systems: We calculate the probabilities to find systems of reacting particles in\nstates which largely deviate from typical behavior. The rare event statistics\nis obtained from the master equation which describes the dynamics of the\nprobability distribution of the particle number. We transform the master\nequation by means of a generating function into a time-dependent \"Schr\\\"odinger\nequation\". Its solution is provided by a separation ansatz and an approximation\nfor the stationary part which is of Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) type\nemploying a small parameter. The solutions of the \"classical\" equations of\nmotions and a saddle point approximation yield the proper generating function.\nOur approach extends a method put forward in [V. Elgart and A. Kamenev, Phys.\nRev. E 70, 041106 (2004)]. We calculate the rare event statistics for systems\nwhere the dynamics cannot be entirely analyzed in an analytical manner. We\nconsider different examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random Dynamics, Entropy Production and Fisher Information: We analyze a specific role of probability density gradients in the theory of\nirreversible transport processes. The classic Fisher information and\ninformation entropy production concepts are found to be intrinsically entangled\nwith the very notion of the Markovian diffusion process and that of the related\n(local) momentum conservation law.",
        "positive": "The scaling of the decoherence factor of a qubit coupled to a spin chain\n  driven across quantum critical points: We study the scaling of the decoherence factor of a qubit (spin-1/2) using\nthe central spin model in which the central spin (qubit) is globally coupled to\na transverse XY spin chain. The aim here is to study the non-equilibrium\ngeneration of decoherence when the spin chain is driven across (along) quantum\ncritical points (lines) and derive the scaling of the decoherence factor in\nterms of the driving rate and some of the exponents associated with the quantum\ncritical points. Our studies show that the scaling of logarithm of decoherence\nfactor is identical to that of the defect density in the final state of the\nspin chain following a quench across isolated quantum critical points for both\nlinear and non-linear variations of a parameter even if the defect density may\nnot satisfy the standard Kibble-Zurek scaling. However, one finds an\ninteresting deviation when the spin chain is driven along a critical line. Our\nanalytical predictions are in complete agreement with numerical results. Our\nstudy, though limited to integrable two-level systems, points to the existence\nof a universality in the scaling of the decoherence factor which is not\nnecessarily identical to the scaling of the defect density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Selfconsistent Approximations in Mori's Theory: The constitutive quantities in Mori's theory, the residual forces, are\nexpanded in terms of time dependent correlation functions and products of\noperators at $t=0$, where it is assumed that the time derivatives of the\nobservables are given by products of them. As a first consequence the\nHeisenberg dynamics of the observables are obtained as an expansion of the same\ntype. The dynamic equations for correlation functions result to be\nselfconsistent nonlinear equations of the type known from mode-mode coupling\napproximations. The approach yields a neccessary condition for the validity of\nthe presented equations. As a third consequence the static correlations can be\ncalculated from fluctuation-dissipation theorems, if the observables obey a Lie\nalgebra. For a simple spin model the convergence of the expansion is studied.\nAs a further test, dynamic and static correlations are calculated for a\nHeisenberg ferromagnet at low temperatures, where the results are compared to\nthose of a Holstein Primakoff treatment.",
        "positive": "Critical finite-size scaling with constraints: Fisher renormalization\n  revisited: The influence of a thermodynamic constraint on the critical finite-size\nscaling behavior of three-dimensional Ising and XY models is analyzed by\nMonte-Carlo simulations. Within the Ising universality class constraints lead\nto Fisher renormalized critical exponents, which modify the asymptotic form of\nthe scaling arguments of the universal finite-size scaling functions. Within\nthe XY universality class constraints lead to very slowly decaying corrections\ninside the scaling arguments, which are governed by the specific heat exponent\nalpha. If the modification of the scaling arguments is properly taken into\naccount in the scaling analysis of the data, finite-size scaling functions are\nobtained, which are independent of the constraint as anticipated by analytic\ntheory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vibrations of amorphous, nanometric structures: When does continuum\n  theory apply?: Structures involving solid particles of nanometric dimensions play an\nincreasingly important role in material sciences. These structures are often\ncharacterized through the vibrational properties of their constituent\nparticles, which can be probed by spectroscopic methods. Interpretation of such\nexperimental data requires an extension of continuum elasticity theory down to\nincreasingly small scales. Using numerical simulation and exact diagonalization\nfor simple models, we show that continuum elasticity, applied to disordered\nsystem, actually breaks down below a length scale of typically 30 to 50\nmolecular sizes. This length scale is likely related to the one which is\ngenerally invoked to explain the peculiar vibrational properties of glassy\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Comment on the paper Li-Shi Luo, Wei Liao, Xingwang Chen, Yan Peng and\n  Wei Zhang, Numerics of the lattice Boltzmann method: Effects of collision\n  models on the lattice Boltzmann simulations, Physical Review E 83, 056710\n  (2011): Critical comments on the entropic lattice Boltzmann equation (ELBE), by\nLi-Shi Luo, Wei Liao, Xingwang Chen, Yan Peng and Wei Zhang, Physical Review E\n83, 056710 (2011), are based on simulations which make use of a model that,\ndespite being called ELBE by the authors, is in fact fully equivalent to the\nstandard lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook equation. As a result, the conclusion of\nLuo et al on ELBE is circular, hence devoid of scientific bearing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solutions of few-magnon problems in the spin-$S$ periodic XXZ\n  chain: We solve few-magnon problems for a finite-size spin-$S$ periodic Heisenberg\nXXZ chain with single-ion anisotropy through constructing sets of exact Bloch\nstates achieving block diagonalization of the system. Concretely, the\ntwo-magnon (three-magnon) problem is converted to a single-particle one on a\none-dimensional (two-dimensional) effective lattice whose size depends linearly\n(quadratically) on the total number of sites. For parameters lying within\ncertain ranges, various types of multimagnon bound states are manifested and\nshown to correspond to edge states on the effective lattices. In the absence of\nthe single-ion anisotropy, we reveal the condition under which exact\nzero-energy states emerge. As applications of the formalism, we calculate the\ntransverse dynamic structure factor for a higher-spin chain near saturation\nmagnetization and find signatures of the multimagnon bound states. We also\ncalculate the real-time three-magnon dynamics from certain localized states,\nwhich are relevant to cold-atom quantum simulations, by simulating\nsingle-particle quantum walks on the effective lattices. This provides a\nphysically transparent interpretation of the observed dynamics in terms of\npropagation of bound state excitations. Our method can be directly applied to\nmore general spin or itinerant particle systems possessing translational\nsymmetry.",
        "positive": "Polymerization with Freezing: Irreversible aggregation processes involving reactive and frozen clusters are\ninvestigated using the rate equation approach. In aggregation events, two\nclusters join irreversibly to form a larger cluster, and additionally, reactive\nclusters may spontaneously freeze. Frozen clusters do not participate in merger\nevents. Generally, freezing controls the nature of the aggregation process, as\ndemonstrated by the final distribution of frozen clusters. The cluster mass\ndistribution has a power-law tail, F_k ~ k^{-gamma}, when the freezing process\nis sufficiently slow. Different exponents, gamma=1, 3 are found for the\nconstant and the product aggregation rates, respectively. For the latter case,\nthe standard polymerization model, either no gels, or a single gel, or even\nmultiple gels may be produced."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Escaping free-energy minima: We introduce a novel and powerful method for exploring the properties of the\nmultidimensional free energy surfaces of complex many-body systems by means of\na coarse-grained non-Markovian dynamics in the space defined by a few\ncollective coordinates.A characteristic feature of this dynamics is the\npresence of a history-dependent potential term that, in time, fills the minima\nin the free energy surface, allowing the efficient exploration and accurate\ndetermination of the free energy surface as a function of the collective\ncoordinates. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach in the case of the\ndissociation of a NaCl molecule in water and in the study of the conformational\nchanges of a dialanine in solution.",
        "positive": "Phase diagram of the spin-1 anisotropic Heisenberg model with a\n  single-ion anisotropy: The spin-1 anisotropic Heisenberg model with a single-ion anisotropy is\nstudied using the Oguchi's pair approximation. Although the theory is developed\nfor lattices with general coordination number, we treat in detail the\nthree-dimensional lattice with the lowest coordination number, i.e. diamond\nlattice, where the critical and tricritical behavior of the system is analyzed\nas a function of both the single-ion anisotropy and exchange anisotropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The metal-insulator transition in semiconductors: The temperature dependence of the number density of elementary excitations in\na semiconductor with account for the temperature dependence of the band gap is\nobtained. A local lattice distortion within a crystalline domain is discussed.",
        "positive": "Fermionic R-Operator and Algebraic Structure of 1D Hubbard Model: Its\n  application to quantum transfer matrix: The algebraic structure of the 1D Hubbard model is studied by means of the\nfermionic R-operator approach. This approach treats the fermion models directly\nin the framework of the quantum inverse scattering method. Compared with the\ngraded approach, this approach has several advantages. First, the global\nproperties of the Hamiltonian are naturally reflected in the algebraic\nproperties of the fermionic R-operator. We want to note that this operator is a\nlocal operator acting on fermion Fock spaces. In particular, SO(4) symmetry and\nthe invariance under the partial particle hole transformation are discussed.\nSecond, we can construct a genuinely fermionic quantum transfer transfer matrix\n(QTM) in terms of the fermionic R-operator. Using the algebraic Bethe Ansatz\nfor the Hubbard model, we diagonalize the fermionic QTM and discuss its\nproperties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat transport in stochastic energy exchange models of locally confined\n  hard spheres: We study heat transport in a class of stochastic energy exchange systems that\ncharacterize the interactions of networks of locally trapped hard spheres under\nthe assumption that neighbouring particles undergo rare binary collisions. Our\nresults provide an extension to three-dimensional dynamics of previous ones\napplying to the dynamics of confined two-dimensional hard disks [Gaspard P &\nGilbert T On the derivation of Fourier's law in stochastic energy exchange\nsystems J Stat Mech (2008) P11021]. It is remarkable that the heat conductivity\nis here again given by the frequency of energy exchanges. Moreover the\nexpression of the stochastic kernel which specifies the energy exchange\ndynamics is simpler in this case and therefore allows for faster and more\nextensive numerical computations.",
        "positive": "A universality class in Markovian persistence: We consider the class of Markovian processes defined by the equation $\\dd x\n/\\dd t = -\\beta x + \\sum_k z_k \\delta (t-t_k)$. Such processes are encountered\nin systems (like coalescing systems) where dynamics creates discrete upward\njumps at random instants $t_k$ and of random height $z_k$. We observe that the\nprobability for these processes to remain above their mean value during an\ninterval of time $T$ decays as $\\exp{-\\theta T}$ defining $\\theta$ as the\npersistence exponent. We show that $\\theta$ takes the value $\\beta$ which\nthereby extends the well known result of the Gaussian noise case to a much\nlarger class of non-Gaussian processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quenching Dynamics of a quantum XY spin-1/2 chain in presence of a\n  transverse field: We study the quantum dynamics of a one-dimensional spin-1/2 anisotropic XY\nmodel in a transverse field when the transverse field or the anisotropic\ninteraction is quenched at a slow but uniform rate. The two quenching schemes\nare called transverse and anisotropic quenching respectively. Our emphasis in\nthis paper is on the anisotropic quenching scheme and we compare the results\nwith those of the other scheme. In the process of anisotropic quenching, the\nsystem crosses all the quantum critical lines of the phase diagram where the\nrelaxation time diverges. The evolution is non-adiabatic in the time interval\nwhen the parameters are close to their critical values, and is adiabatic\notherwise. The density of defects produced due to non-adiabatic transitions is\ncalculated by mapping the many-particle system to an equivalent Landau-Zener\nproblem and is generally found to vary as $1/\\sqrt{\\tau}$, where $\\tau$ is the\ncharacteristic time scale of quenching, a scenario that supports the\nKibble-Zurek mechanism. Interestingly, in the case of anisotropic quenching,\nthere exists an additional non-adiabatic transition, in comparison to the\ntransverse quenching case, with the corresponding probability peaking at an\nincommensurate value of the wave vector. In the special case in which the\nsystem passes through a multi-critical point, the defect density is found to\nvary as $1/\\tau^{1/6}$. The von Neumann entropy of the final state is shown to\nmaximize at a quenching rate around which the ordering of the final state\nchanges from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic.",
        "positive": "Scaling of a slope: the erosion of tilted landscapes: We formulate a stochastic equation to model the erosion of a surface with\nfixed inclination. Because the inclination imposes a preferred direction for\nmaterial transport, the problem is intrinsically anisotropic. At zeroth order,\nthe anisotropy manifests itself in a linear equation that predicts that the\nprefactor of the surface height-height correlations depends on direction. The\nfirst higher-order nonlinear contribution from the anisotropy is studied by\napplying the dynamic renormalization group. Assuming an inhomogeneous\ndistribution of soil substrate that is modeled by a source of static noise, we\nestimate the scaling exponents at first order in $\\ep$-expansion. These\nexponents also depend on direction. We compare these predictions with empirical\nmeasurements made from real landscapes and find good agreement. We propose that\nour anisotropic theory applies principally to small scales and that a\npreviously proposed isotropic theory applies principally to larger scales.\nLastly, by considering our model as a transport equation for a driven diffusive\nsystem, we construct scaling arguments for the size distribution of erosion\n``events'' or ``avalanches.'' We derive a relationship between the exponents\ncharacterizing the surface anisotropy and the avalanche size distribution, and\nindicate how this result may be used to interpret previous findings of\npower-law size distributions in real submarine avalanches."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Experimental realization of directed percolation criticality in\n  turbulent liquid crystals: This is a comprehensive report on the phase transition between two turbulent\nstates of electroconvection in nematic liquid crystals, which was recently\nfound by the authors to be in the directed percolation (DP) universality class\n[K. A. Takeuchi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 234503 (2007)]. We further\ninvestigate both static and dynamic critical behavior of this phase transition,\nmeasuring a total of 12 critical exponents, 5 scaling functions, and 8 scaling\nrelations, all in full agreement with those characterizing the DP class in 2+1\ndimensions. Developing an experimental technique to create a seed of\ntopological-defect turbulence by pulse laser, we confirm in particular the\nrapidity symmetry, which is a basic but nontrivial consequence of the\nfield-theoretic approach to DP. This provides the first clear experimental\nrealization of this outstanding, truly out-of-equilibrium universality class,\ndominating most phase transitions into an absorbing state.",
        "positive": "Solar Flares as Cascades of Reconnecting Magnetic Loops: A model for the solar coronal magnetic field is proposed where multiple\ndirected loops evolve in space and time. Loops injected at small scales are\nanchored by footpoints of opposite polarity moving randomly on a surface.\nNearby footpoints of the same polarity aggregate, and loops can reconnect when\nthey collide. This may trigger a cascade of further reconnection, representing\na solar flare. Numerical simulations show that a power law distribution of\nflare energies emerges, associated with a scale free network of loops,\nindicating self-organized criticality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic transports in a circular system with a temperature\n  difference: Thermodynamic transport phenomena in the system consisting of many hard-disks\nconfined in a circular tube with a temperature difference are discussed. Here,\ntemperatures on parts of the walls of the tube are imposed by stochastic\nboundary conditions for particles to contact with these thermal walls. In this\nsystem, the temperature difference induces, not only energy currents, but also\na circulating particle current, inside the tube. Transport properties of these\nsteady currents are discussed in various values of system parameters, such as\nthe temperature difference, the particle density, the width of the tube, and\nthe positions of the thermal walls.",
        "positive": "The nature of the rectilinear diameter singularity: The rigorous explanation for the term $| t |^{2\\beta}$ in the rectilinear\ndiameter equation is given ($t = (T_c-T)/T_c$, $\\beta$ is the critical exponent\nfor the asymptotic form of the equation of state). The optimal order parameter,\nfor which the branches of binodal are symmetric is constructed within the\ncanonical formalism. It is shown that the ratio of the amplitudes\n$\\f{D_{2\\beta}}{D_{1-\\alpha}}$ before $|t|^{2\\beta}$ and $|t|^{1-\\alpha}$ where\n$\\alpha$ determines the behavior of the heat capacity, takes the universal\ncharacter. The analysis of entropy for argon and water leads to $\\beta = 0.33$\nand $\\f{D_{2-\\beta}}{{D_{1-\\alpha}}}\\approx - 3.5$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of accuracy in kinetic proofreading: Dissipation and\n  efficiency trade-offs: The high accuracy exhibited by biological information transcription processes\nis due to kinetic proofreading, i.e., by a mechanism which reduces the error\nrate of the information-handling process by driving it out of equilibrium. We\nprovide a consistent thermodynamic description of enzyme-assisted assembly\nprocesses involving competing substrates, in a Master Equation framework. We\nintroduce and evaluate a measure of the efficiency based on rigorous\nnon-equilibrium inequalities. The performance of several proofreading models\nare thus analyzed and the related time, dissipation and efficiency vs. error\ntrade-offs exhibited for different discrimination regimes. We finally introduce\nand analyze in the same framework a simple model which takes into account\ncorrelations between consecutive enzyme-assisted assembly steps. This work\nhighlights the relevance of the distinction between energetic and kinetic\ndiscrimination regimes in enzyme-substrate interactions.",
        "positive": "Impact of Friedel oscillations on vapor-liquid equilibria and\n  supercritical properties in 2D and 3D: We determine the impact of the Friedel oscillations on the phase behavior,\ncritical properties and thermodynamic contours in films ($2D$) and bulk phases\n($3D$). Using Expanded Wang-Landau simulations, we calculate the\ngrand-canonical partition function and, in turn, the thermodynamic properties\nof systems modeled with a linear combination of the Lennard-Jones and Dzugutov\npotentials, weighted by a parameter $X$ ($0<X<1$). Varying $X$ allows us to\ncontrol the height of the first Friedel oscillation and to provide a complete\ncharacterization of the effect of the metal-like character in the potential on\nthe thermodynamic properties over a wide range of conditions. For $3D$ systems,\nwe are able to show that the critical parameters exhibit a linear dependence on\n$X$ and that the loci for the thermodynamic state points, for which the system\nshows the same compressibility factor or enthalpy as an ideal gas, are two\nstraight lines spanning the subcritical and supercritical regions of the phase\ndiagram for all $X$ values. Reducing the dimensionality to $2D$ results in a\nloss of impact of the Friedel oscillation on the critical properties, as\nevidenced by the virtually constant critical density across the range of $X$\nvalues. Furthermore, our results establish that the straightness of the two\nideality lines is retained in $2D$ and is independent from the height of the\nfirst Friedel oscillation in the potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation thresholds on planar Euclidean relative neighborhood graphs: In the presented article, statistical properties regarding the topology and\nstandard percolation on relative neighborhood graphs (RNGs) for planar sets of\npoints, considering the Euclidean metric, are put under scrutiny. RNGs belong\nto the family of ``proximity graphs'', i.e. their edge-set encodes proximity\ninformation regarding the close neighbors for the terminal nodes of a given\nedge. Therefore they are, e.g., discussed in the context of the construction of\nbackbones for wireless ad-hoc networks that guarantee connectedness of all\nunderlying nodes.\n  Here, by means of numerical simulations, we determine the asymptotic degree\nand diameter of RNGs and we estimate their bond and site percolation\nthresholds, which were previously conjectured to be nontrivial. We compare the\nresults to regular 2D graphs for which the degree is close to that of the RNG.\nFinally, we deduce the common percolation critical exponents from the RNG data\nto verify that the associated universality class is that of standard 2D\npercolation.",
        "positive": "Temperature dependent spatial oscillations in the correlations of the\n  XXZ spin chain: We study the correlation $<\\sigma^z_0\\sigma^z_n>$ for the XXZ chain in the\nmassless attractive (ferromagnetic) region at positive temperatures by means of\na numerical study of the quantum transfer matrix. We find that there is a range\nof temperature where the behavior of the correlation for large separations is\noscillatory with an incommensurate period which depends on temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Prediction of activity coefficients in water-methanol mixtures using a\n  generalized Debye-Huckel model: We propose a generalized Debye-Huckel model from Poisson-Fermi theory to\npredict the mean activity coefficient of electrolytes in water-methanol\nmixtures with arbitrary percentage of methanol from 0 to 100%. The model\napplies to any number of ionic species and accounts for both short and long\nion-ion, ion-water, ion-methanol, and water-methanol interactions, the size\neffect of all particles, and the dielectric effect of mixed-solvent solutions.\nWe also present a numerical algorithm with mathematical and physical details\nfor using the model to fit or predict experimental data. The model has only 3\nempirical parameters to fit the experimental data of NaF, NaCl, and NaBr, for\nexample, in pure-water solutions. It then uses another 3 parameters to predict\nthe activities of these salts in mixed-solvent solutions for any percentage of\nmethanol. Values of these parameters show mathematical or physical meaning of\nionic activities under variable mixing condition and salt concentration. The\nalgorithm can automatically determine optimal values for the 3 fitting\nparameters without any manual adjustments.",
        "positive": "Bethe ansatz solution of an integrable, non-Abelian anyon chain with\n  D(D_3) symmetry: The exact solution for the energy spectrum of a one-dimensional Hamiltonian\nwith local two-site interactions and periodic boundary conditions is\ndetermined. The two-site Hamiltonians commute with the symmetry algebra given\nby the Drinfeld double D(D_3) of the dihedral group D_3. As such the model\ndescribes local interactions between non-Abelian anyons, with fusion rules\ngiven by the tensor product decompositions of the irreducible representations\nof D(D_3). The Bethe ansatz equations which characterise the exact solution are\nfound through the use of functional relations satisfied by a set of mutually\ncommuting transfer matrices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Damage spreading in the random cluster model: We investigate the damage spreading effect in the Fortuin-Kasteleyn random\ncluster model for 2- and 3-dimensional grids with periodic boundary. For 2D the\ndamage function has a global maximum at $p=\\sqrt{q}/(1+\\sqrt{q})$ for all $q>0$\nand also local maxima at $p=1/2$ and $p=q/(1+q)$ for $q\\lesssim 0.75$. For 3D\nwe observe a local maximum at $p=q/(1+q)$ for $q\\lesssim 0.46$ and a global\nmaximum at $p=1/2$ for $q\\lesssim 4.5$. The chaotic phase of the model's\n$(p,q)$-parameter space is where the coupling time is of exponential order and\nwe locate points on its boundary. For 3-dimensional grids the lower bound of\nthis phase may be equal to the corresponding critical point of the $q$-state\nPotts model for $q\\ge 3$.",
        "positive": "Exact dynamical state of the exclusive queueing process with\n  deterministic hopping: The exclusive queueing process (EQP) has recently been introduced as a model\nfor the dynamics of queues which takes into account the spatial structure of\nthe queue. It can be interpreted as a totally asymmetric exclusion process of\nvarying length. Here we investigate the case of deterministic bulk hopping p=1\nwhich turns out to be one of the rare cases where exact nontrivial results for\nthe dynamical properties can be obtained. Using a time-dependent matrix product\nform we calculate several dynamical properties, e.g. the density profile of the\nsystem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling behavior of Ising systems at first-order transitions: We investigate how the scaling behavior of finite systems at magnetic\nfirst-order transitions (FOTs) with relaxational dynamics changes in\ncorrespondence of various boundary conditions. As a theoretical laboratory we\nconsider the two-dimensional Ising model in the low-temperature phase. When the\nboundary conditions do not favor any specific phase of the system, we show that\na dynamic finite-size scaling (DFSS) theory can be developed to describe the\ndynamic behavior in the coexistence region, where different phases coexist.\nWhen the boundary conditions at two opposite sides of the system generate a\nplanar interface separating the phases, we show that the autocorrelation times\nare characterized by a power-law behavior, related to the dynamics enforced by\nthe interface. Numerical results for a purely relaxational dynamics confirm the\ngeneral picture.",
        "positive": "One-dimensional Particle Processes with Acceleration/Braking Asymmetry: The slow-to-start mechanism is known to play an important role in the\nparticular shape of the Fundamental diagram of traffic and to be associated to\nhysteresis effects of traffic flow.We study this question in the context of\nexclusion and queueing processes,by including an asymmetry between deceleration\nand acceleration in the formulation of these processes. For exclusions\nprocesses, this corresponds to a multi-class process with transition asymmetry\nbetween different speed levels, while for queueing processes we consider\nnon-reversible stochastic dependency of the service rate w.r.t the number of\nclients. The relationship between these 2 families of models is analyzed on the\nring geometry, along with their steady state properties. Spatial condensation\nphenomena and metastability is observed, depending on the level of the\naforementioned asymmetry. In addition we provide a large deviation formulation\nof the fundamental diagram (FD) which includes the level of fluctuations, in\nthe canonical ensemble when the stationary state is expressed as a product form\nof such generalized queues."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Meron-Cluster Solution of Fermion Sign Problems: We present a general strategy to solve the notorious fermion sign problem\nusing cluster algorithms. The method applies to various systems in the Hubbard\nmodel family as well as to relativistic fermions. Here it is illustrated for\nnon-relativistic lattice fermions. A configuration of fermion world-lines is\ndecomposed into clusters that contribute independently to the fermion\npermutation sign. A cluster whose flip changes the sign is referred to as a\nmeron. Configurations containing meron-clusters contribute 0 to the path\nintegral, while all other configurations contribute 1. The cluster\nrepresentation describes the partition function as a gas of clusters in the\nzero-meron sector.",
        "positive": "Rigorously proven chaos in chemical kinetics: This study addresses a longstanding question regarding the mathematical proof\nof chaotic behavior in kinetic differential equations. Following the numerous\nnumerical and experimental results in the past 50 years, we introduce two\nformal chemical reactions that rigorously demonstrate this behavior. Our\napproach involves transforming chaotic equations into kinetic differential\nequations and subsequently realizing these equations through formal chemical\nreactions. The findings present a novel perspective on chaotic dynamics within\nchemical kinetics, thereby resolving a longstanding open problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Clustering data by inhomogeneous chaotic map lattices: A new approach to clustering, based on the physical properties of\ninhomogeneous coupled chaotic maps, is presented. A chaotic map is assigned to\neach data-point and short range couplings are introduced. The stationary regime\nof the system corresponds to a macroscopic attractor independent of the initial\nconditions. The mutual information between couples of maps serves to partition\nthe data set in clusters, without prior assumptions about the structure of the\nunderlying distribution of the data. Experiments on simulated and real data\nsets show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.",
        "positive": "Tensor renormalization group study of classical XY model on the square\n  lattice: Using the tensor renormalization group method based on the higher-order\nsingular value decom- position, we have studied the thermodynamic properties of\nthe continuous XY model on the square lattice. The temperature dependence of\nthe free energy, the internal energy and the specific heat agree with the Monte\nCarlo calculations. From the field dependence of the magnetic susceptibility,\nwe find the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature to be 0.8921 \\pm 0.0019,\nconsistent with the Monte Carlo as well as the high temperature series\nexpansion results. At the transition temperature, the critical exponent \\delta\nis estimated as 14.5, close to the analytic value by Kosterlitz."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The coefficient of restitution does not exceed unity: We study a classical mechanical problem in which a macroscopic ball is\nreflected by a non-deformable wall. The ball is modeled as a collection of\nclassical particles bound together by an arbitrary potential, and its internal\ndegrees of freedom are initially set to be in thermal equilibrium. The wall is\nrepresented by an arbitrary potential which is translation invariant in two\ndirections. We then prove that the final normal momentum can exceed the initial\nnormal momentum at most by $O(\\sqrt{mkT})$, where $m$ is the total mass of the\nball, $k$ the Boltzmann constant, and $T$ the temperature. This implies the\nwell-known statement in the title in the macroscopic limit where\n$O(\\sqrt{mkT})$ is negligible. Our result may be interpreted as a rigorous\ndemonstration of the second law of thermodynamics in a system where a\nmacroscopic dynamics and microscopic degrees of freedom are intrinsically\ncoupled with each other.",
        "positive": "An Explicit Form of the Equation of Motion of the Interface in\n  Bicontinuous Phases: The explicit form of the interface equation of motion derived assuming a\nminimal surface is extended to general bicontinuous interfaces that appear in\nthe diffusion limited stage of the phase separation process of binary mixtures.\nThe derivation is based on a formal solution of the equivalent simple layer for\nthe Dirichlet problem of the Laplace equation with an arbitrary boundary\nsurface. It is shown that the assumption of a minimal surface used in the\nprevious linear theory is not necessary, but its bicontinuous nature is the\nessential condition required for us to rederive the explicit form of the simple\nlayer. The de- rived curvature flow equation has a phenomenological cut-off\nlength, i.e., an `electro-static' screening length. That is re- lated to the\nwell-known scaling length characterizing the spatial pattern size of a\nhomogeneously growing bicontinuous phase. The corresponding equation of the\nlevel function in this scheme is given in a one-parameter form also."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tricritical Properties of Antiferromagnetic Ising Model on the Square\n  Lattice: The Ising square lattice model with nearest-neighbor (nn) interactions\n($J_1$) is one of the few exactly solvable models [1]. Adding next-neareast-\nneighbor (nnn) interactions ($J_2$) or a magnetic field (or both) leads to the\nnon solvability of the model and only some approximate solutions are possible.\nIn this brief report we will review some results obtained within effective\nfield theory. We will show that besides second-order transitions there are also\nlines of first-order transitions and the coordinates of tricritical points are\ncalculated.",
        "positive": "Magnetization plateau and quantum phase transition of the S=1/2\n  trimerized XXZ spin chain: We study the plateau of the magnetization curve at $M = M_{\\rm s}/3$ ($M_{\\rm\ns}$ is the saturation magnetization) of the $S=1/2$ trimerized $XXZ$ spin\nchain. By examining the level crossing of low-lying excitations obtained from\nthe numerical diagonalization, we precisely determine the phase boundary\nbetween the plateau state and the no-plateau state on the $\\Delta-t$ plane,\nwhere $\\Delta$ denotes the $XXZ$ anisotropy and $t$ the magnitude of the\ntrimerization. This quantum phase transition is of the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dominance of extreme statistics in a prototype many-body Brownian\n  ratchet: Many forms of cell motility rely on Brownian ratchet mechanisms that involve\nmultiple stochastic processes. We present a computational and theoretical study\nof the nonequilibrium statistical dynamics of such a many-body ratchet, in the\nspecific form of a growing polymer gel that pushes a diffusing obstacle. We\nfind that oft-neglected correlations among constituent filaments impact\nsteady-state kinetics and significantly deplete the gel's density within\nmolecular distances of its leading edge. These behaviors are captured\nquantitatively by a self-consistent theory for extreme fluctuations in\nfilaments' spatial distribution.",
        "positive": "Two simple models of classical heat pumps: Motivated by recent studies on models of particle and heat quantum pumps, we\nstudy similar simple classical models and examine the possibility of heat\npumping. Unlike many of the usual ratchet models of molecular engines, the\nmodels we study do not have particle transport. We consider a two-spin system\nand a coupled oscillator system which exchange heat with multiple heat\nreservoirs and which are acted upon by periodic forces. The simplicity of our\nmodels allows accurate numerical and exact solutions and unambiguous\ninterpretation of results. We demonstrate that while both our models seem to be\nbuilt on similar principles, one is able to function as a heat pump (or engine)\nwhile the other is not."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Elliptic flow of the dilute Fermi gas: From kinetics to hydrodynamics: We use the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation to study\nthe expansion of a dilute Fermi gas at unitarity. We focus, in particular, on\nthe approach to the hydrodynamic limit. Our main finding are: i) In the regime\nthat has been studied experimentally hydrodynamic effects beyond the\nNavier-Stokes approximation are small, ii) mean field corrections to the\nBoltzmann equation are not important, iii) experimental data imply that\nfreezeout occurs very late, that means that the relaxation time remains smaller\nthan the expansion time during the entire evolution of the system, iv) the\nexperimental results also imply that the bulk viscosity is significantly\nsmaller than the shear viscosity of the system.",
        "positive": "Diversity-induced resonance: We present conclusive evidence showing that different sources of diversity,\nsuch as those represented by quenched disorder or noise, can induce a resonant\ncollective behavior in an ensemble of coupled bistable or excitable systems.\nOur analytical and numerical results show that when such systems are subjected\nto an external subthreshold signal, their response is optimized for an\nintermediate value of the diversity. These findings show that intrinsic\ndiversity might have a constructive role and suggest that natural systems might\nprofit from their diversity in order to optimize the response to an external\nstimulus."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mechanical Properties Of Fluctuating Elastic Membranes Under Uni-Axial\n  Tension: Atomically thin sheets, such as graphene, are widely used in nanotechnology.\nRecently they have also been used in applications including kirigami and\nself-folding origami, where it becomes important to understand how they respond\nto external loads. Motivated by this, we investigate how isotropic sheets\nrespond to uniaxial tension by employing the self-consistent screening analysis\nmethod and molecular dynamics simulations. Previously, it was shown that for\nfreely suspended sheets thermal fluctuations effectively renormalize elastic\nconstants, which become scale-dependent beyond a characteristic thermal length\nscale (a few nanometers for graphene at room temperature), beyond which the\nbending rigidity increases, while the in-plane elastic constants reduce with\nuniversal power law exponents. For sheets under uniaxial tension,\n$\\sigma_{11}$, we find that beyond a stress-dependent length scale, the\neffective in-plane elastic constants become strongly anisotropic and scale\ndifferently along the axis of uni-axial stress and orthogonal to it. The\nbending rigidities on the other hand will not exhibit any anomalous behavior\nbeyond this stress-dependent length scale. In addition, for moderate tensions\nwe find a universal non-linear stress-strain relation. For large uni-axial\ntensions, the Young's modulus of the bare elastic material is recovered.",
        "positive": "Cellular structure in system of interacting particles: The general description of formation the cellular structure in the system of\ninteracting particles is proposed. Interactions between particles are\npresumably well-understood and the phase transition in which can be studied in\nthe scale of particle resolution. We presented analytical results of possible\ncellular structures for suspension of colloidal particles, in system particles\nimmersed in liquid crystal and gravitational system. We have shown that\ncellular structure formation can occur in system of interacting particles for\nrealistic values of temperature and particles concentration."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical phases and hysteresis in a simple one-lane traffic model: A two parameter model for single lane car-following is introduced and its\nequilibrium and non-equilibrium properties are studied. Despite its simplicity,\nthis model exhibits a rich phenomenology, analogous to that observed in real\ntraffic, like transitions between different dynamical regimes and hysteresis in\nthe fundamental flux-density diagram. We show that traffic jams can\nspontaneously appear in clustered-like structures. In the jammed phase, we\nobserve a slow relaxation phenomenon ruled by the outgoing car flux that\ndetermines the hysteretic dependence of the fundamental flux-density diagram.\nCoexisting phase regimes are also evidenced so as propagating or stationary\ndensity waves. The model can be easily calibrated to reproduce experimental\nobservations.",
        "positive": "Non-Hydrodynamic Initial Conditions are Not Soon Forgotten: Solutions to hydrodynamic equations, which are used for a vast variety of\nphysical problems, are assumed to be specified by boundary conditions and\ninitial conditions on the hydrodynamic variables only. Initial values of other\nvariables are assumed to be irrelevant for a hydrodynamic description. This\nassumption is not correct because of the existence of long-time-tail effects\nthat are ubiquitous in systems governed by hydrodynamic equations. We\nillustrate this breakdown of a hydrodynamic description by means of the simple\nexample of diffusion in a disordered electron system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of the contact process in annealed scale-free networks: Critical behavior of the contact process is studied in annealed scale-free\nnetworks by mapping it on the random walk problem. We obtain the analytic\nresults for the critical scaling, using the event-driven dynamics approach.\nThese results are confirmed by numerical simulations. The disorder fluctuation\ninduced by the sampling disorder in annealed networks is also explored.\nFinally, we discuss over the discrepancy of the finite-size-scaling theory in\nannealed and quenched networks in spirit of the droplet size scale and the\nlinking disorder fluctuation.",
        "positive": "Spectral properties of four-time fermionic Green's functions: The spectral relations for the four-time fermionic Green's functions are\nderived in the most general case. The terms which correspond to the\nzero-frequency anomalies, known before only for the bosonic Green's functions,\nare separated and their connection with the second cumulants of the Boltzmann\ndistribution function is elucidated. The high-frequency expansions of the\nfour-time fermionic Green's functions are provided for different directions in\nthe frequency space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Loop Dynamics in DNA Denaturation: The dynamics of a loop in DNA molecules at the denaturation transition is\nstudied by scaling arguments and numerical simulations. The autocorrelation\nfunction of the state of complementary bases (either closed or open) is\ncalculated. The long-time decay of the autocorrelation function is expressed in\nterms of the loop exponent c both for homopolymers and heteropolymers. This\nsuggests an experimental method for measuring the exponent c using florescence\ncorrelation spectroscopy.",
        "positive": "Record statistics for random walk bridges: We investigate the statistics of records in a random sequence\n$\\{x_B(0)=0,x_B(1),\\cdots, x_B(n)=x_B(0)=0\\}$ of $n$ time steps. The sequence\n$x_B(k)$'s represents the position at step $k$ of a random walk `bridge' of $n$\nsteps that starts and ends at the origin. At each step, the increment of the\nposition is a random jump drawn from a specified symmetric distribution. We\nstudy the statistics of records and record ages for such a bridge sequence, for\ndifferent jump distributions. In absence of the bridge condition, i.e., for a\nfree random walk sequence, the statistics of the number and ages of records\nexhibits a `strong' universality for all $n$, i.e., they are completely\nindependent of the jump distribution as long as the distribution is continuous.\nWe show that the presence of the bridge constraint destroys this strong `all\n$n$' universality. Nevertheless a `weaker' universality still remains for large\n$n$, where we show that the record statistics depends on the jump distributions\nonly through a single parameter $0<\\mu\\le 2$, known as the L\\'evy index of the\nwalk, but are insensitive to the other details of the jump distribution. We\nderive the most general results (for arbitrary jump distributions) wherever\npossible and also present two exactly solvable cases. We present numerical\nsimulations that verify our analytical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unveiling Dimensionality Dependence of Glassy Dynamics: 2D Infinite\n  Fluctuation Eclipses Inherent Structural Relaxation: By using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, the dynamics of\ntwo-dimensional (2D) supercooled liquids turns out to be dependent on the\nsystem size, while the size dependence is not pronounced in three dimensional\n(3D) systems. It is demonstrated that the strong system-size effect in 2D\namorphous systems originates from the enhanced fluctuations at long\nwavelengths, which are similar to those of 2D crystal phonons. This observation\nis further supported by the frequency dependence of the vibrational density of\nstates, consisting of the Debye approximation in the low-wavenumber-limit.\nHowever, the system-size effect in the intermediate scattering function becomes\nnegligible when the length scale is larger than the vibrational amplitude. This\nsuggests that the finite-size effect in a 2D system is transient and also that\nthe structural relaxation itself is not fundamentally different from that in a\n3D system. In fact, the dynamic correlation lengths estimated from the\nbond-breakage function, which do not suffer from those enhanced fluctuations,\nare not size dependent in either 2D or 3D systems.",
        "positive": "Dynamical off-equilibrium scaling across magnetic first-order phase\n  transitions: We investigate the off-equilibrium dynamics of a classical spin system with\n$O(n)$ symmetry in $2< D <4$ spatial dimensions and in the limit $n\\to \\infty$.\nThe system is set up in an ordered equilibrium state is and subsequently driven\nout of equilibrium by slowly varying the external magnetic field $h$ across the\ntransition line $h_c=0$ at fixed temperature $T\\leq T_c$. We distinguish the\ncases $T = T_c$ where the magnetic transition is continuous and $T<T_c$ where\nthe transition is discontinuous. In the former case, we apply a standard\nKibble-Zurek approach to describe the non-equilibrium scaling and formally\ncompute the correlation functions and scaling relations. For the discontinuous\ntransition we develop a scaling theory which builds on the coherence length\nrather than the correlation length since the latter remains finite for all\ntimes. Finally, we derive the off-equilibrium scaling relations for the\nhysteresis loop area during a round-trip protocol that takes the system across\nits phase transition and back. Remarkably, our results are valid beyond the\nlarge-$n$ limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical percolation in self-organized media: A case study on random\n  directed networks: A minimal model for self-organized critical percolation on directed graphs\nwith activating and de-activating links is studied. Unlike classical\nself-organized criticality, the variables that determine criticality are\nseparated from the dynamical variables of the system and evolve on a slower\ntimescale, resulting in robust criticality. While activity of nodes percolates\nacross the network, the network self-organizes through local adjustment of\nlinks according to the criterion that a link's adjacent nodes' average\nactivities become similar. As a result, the network self-organizes to the\npercolation transition with activity avalanches propagating marginally across\nthe graph. No fine-tuning of parameters is needed.",
        "positive": "Critical phenomena of nonequilibrium dynamical systems with two\n  absorbing states: We study nonequilibrium dynamical models with two absorbing states:\ninteracting monomer-dimer models, probabilistic cellular automata models,\nnonequilibrium kinetic Ising models. These models exhibit a continuous phase\ntransition from an active phase into an absorbing phase which belongs to the\nuniversality class of the models with the parity conservation. However, when we\nbreak the symmetry between the absorbing states by introducing a\nsymmetry-breaking field, Monte Carlo simulations show that the system goes back\nto the conventional directed percolation universality class. In terms of domain\nwall language, the parity conservation is not affected by the presence of the\nsymmetry-breaking field. So the symmetry between the absorbing states rather\nthan the conservation laws plays an essential role in determining the\nuniversality class. We also perform Monte Carlo simulations for the various\ninterface dynamics between different absorbing states, which yield new\nuniversal dynamic exponents. With the symmetry-breaking field, the interface\nmoves, in average, with a constant velocity in the direction of the unpreferred\nabsorbing state and the dynamic scaling exponents apparently assume trivial\nvalues. However, we find that the hyperscaling relation for the directed\npercolation universality class is restored if one focuses on the dynamics of\nthe interface on the side of the preferred absorbing state only."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Entanglement and Entropy: Entanglement is the fundamental quantum property behind the now popular field\nof quantum transport of information. This quantum property is incompatible with\nthe separation of a single system into two uncorrelated subsystems.\nConsequently, it does not require the use of an additive form of entropy. We\ndiscuss the problem of the choice of the most convenient entropy indicator,\nfocusing our attention on a system of 2 qubits, and on a special set, denoted\nby $\\Im$. This set contains both the maximally and the partially entangled\nstates that are described by density matrices diagonal in the Bell basis set.\nWe select this set for the main purpose of making more straightforward our work\nof analysis. As a matter of fact, we find that in general the conventional von\nNeumann entropy is not a monotonic function of the entanglement strength. This\nmeans that the von Neumann entropy is not a reliable indicator of the departure\nfrom the condition of maximum entanglement. We study the behavior of a form of\nnon-additive entropy, made popular by the 1988 work by Tsallis. We show that in\nthe set $\\Im$, implying the key condition of non-vanishing entanglement, this\nnon-additive entropy indicator turns out to be a strictly monotonic function of\nthe strength of the entanglement, if entropy indexes $q$ larger than a critical\nvalue $Q$ are adopted. We argue that this might be a consequence of the\nnon-additive nature of the Tsallis entropy, implying that the world is quantum\nand that uncorrelated subsystems do not exist.",
        "positive": "Structural behavior of supercritical fluids under confinement: The location of the Frenkel line (FL) of a Lennard-Jones fluid which\ndemarcates two distinct physical states, liquidlike and gaslike within the\nsupercritical regime, has been established through molecular dynamics (MD)\nsimulations of the velocity auto-correlation (VACF) and Radial distribution\nFunction (RDF). We, in this article, explore the changes in the structural\nfeatures of supercritical LJ-fluid under partial confinement using atomistic\nwalls. The study is carried out across the FL through a series of MD\nsimulations considering a set of thermodynamics states in the supercritical\nregime of Argon well above the critical point. Confinement is partial, with\natomistic walls located normal to z and extending to \"infinity\" along the x and\ny directions. In the \"liquidlike\" regime of the supercritical phase, particles\nare distributed in distinct layers along the z with layer spacing less than one\natomic diameter and the lateral RDF showing amorphous-like structure for\nspecific spacings (packing frustration). Increasing the rigidity of the\natomistic walls is found to lead to stronger layering and increased structural\norder. For confinement with reflective walls, layers are found to form with one\natomic diameter spacing and the lateral RDF showing close-packed structure for\nthe smaller confinements. Translational order parameter and excess entropy\nassessment confirm the ordering taking place for atomistic wall and reflective\nwall confinements. In the \"gaslike\" regime of the supercritical phase, particle\ndistribution along the spacing and the lateral RDF exhibit features not\nsignificantly different from that due to the normal gas regime. The\nheterogeneity across FL, found to be present both in bulk and confined systems,\nmight cause the breakdown of the universal scaling between structure and\ndynamics of fluids necessitating the determination of a unique relationship\nbetween them."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New Integrable Generalization of the One-Dimensional t-J Model: A new generalization of the t-J model with a nearest-neigbour hopping is\nformulated and solved exactly by the Bethe-ansatz method in the thermodymanic\nlimit. The model describes the dymanics of fermions with different spins and\nwith isotropic and anisotropic interactions.",
        "positive": "BFACF-style algorithms for polygons in the body-centered and\n  face-centered cubic lattices: In this paper the elementary moves of the BFACF-algorithm for lattice\npolygons are generalised to elementary moves of BFACF-style algorithms for\nlattice polygons in the body-centred (BCC) and face-centred (FCC) cubic\nlattices. We prove that the ergodicity classes of these new elementary moves\ncoincide with the knot types of unrooted polygons in the BCC and FCC lattices\nand so expand a similar result for the cubic lattice. Implementations of these\nalgorithms for knotted polygons using the GAS algorithm produce estimates of\nthe minimal length of knotted polygons in the BCC and FCC lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Why Noether's Theorem applies to Statistical Mechanics: Noether's Theorem is familiar to most physicists due its fundamental role in\nlinking the existence of conservation laws to the underlying symmetries of a\nphysical system. Typically the systems are described in the particle-based\ncontext of classical mechanics or on the basis of field theory. We have\nrecently shown [Commun. Phys. $\\textbf{4}$, 176 (2021)] that Noether's\nreasoning also applies to thermal systems, where fluctuations are paramount and\none aims for a statistical mechanical description. Here we give a pedagogical\nintroduction based on the canonical ensemble and apply it explicitly to ideal\nsedimentation. The relevant mathematical objects, such as the free energy, are\nviewed as functionals. This vantage point allows for systematic functional\ndifferentiation and the resulting identities express properties of both\nmacroscopic average forces and molecularly resolved correlations in many-body\nsystems, both in and out-of-equilibrium, and for active Brownian particles. To\nprovide further background, we briefly describe the variational principles of\nclassical density functional theory, of power functional theory, and of\nclassical mechanics.",
        "positive": "Fisher Zeroes and Singular Behaviour of the Two Dimensional Potts Model\n  in the Thermodynamic Limit: The duality transformation is applied to the Fisher zeroes near the\nferromagnetic critical point in the q>4 state two dimensional Potts model. A\nrequirement that the locus of the duals of the zeroes be identical to the dual\nof the locus of zeroes in the thermodynamic limit (i) recovers the ratio of\nspecific heat to internal energy discontinuity at criticality and the\nrelationships between the discontinuities of higher cumulants and (ii)\nidentifies duality with complex conjugation. Conjecturing that all zeroes\ngoverning ferromagnetic singular behaviour satisfy the latter requirement gives\nthe full locus of such Fisher zeroes to be a circle. This locus, together with\nthe density of zeroes is then shown to be sufficient to recover the singular\nform of the thermodynamic functions in the thermodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the generalized Langevin equation for a Rouse bead in a\n  nonequilibrium bath: We present the reduced dynamics of a bead in a Rouse chain which is submerged\nin a bath containing a driving agent that renders it out-of-equilibrium. We\nfirst review the generalized Langevin equation of the middle bead in an\nequilibrated bath. Thereafter, we introduce two driving forces. Firstly, we add\na constant force that is applied to the first bead of the chain. We investigate\nhow the generalized Langevin equation changes due to this perturbation for\nwhich the system evolves towards a new equilibrium state after some time.\nSecondly, we consider the case of stochastic active forces which will drive the\nsystem to a nonequilibrium state. Including these active forces results in a\nfrenetic contribution to the second fluctuation-dissipation relation, in accord\nwith a recent extension of the fluctuation-dissipation relation to\nnonequilibrium. The form of the frenetic term is analysed for the specific case\nof Gaussian, exponentially correlated active forces. We also discuss the\nresulting rich dynamics of the middle bead in which various regimes of normal\ndiffusion, subdiffusion and superdiffusion can be present.",
        "positive": "Exact Enumeration of Three-Dimensional Lattice Proteins: We present an algorithm for the exhaustive enumeration of all monomer\nsequences and conformations of short lattice proteins as described by the\nhydrophobic-polar (HP) model. The algorithm is used for an exact identification\nof all designing sequences of HP proteins consisting of up to 19 monomers whose\nconformations are represented by interacting self-avoiding walks on the simple\ncubic lattice. Employing a parallelized implementation on a Linux cluster, we\ngenerate the complete set of contact maps of such walks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long-range steady state density profiles induced by localized drive: We show that the presence of a localized drive in an otherwise diffusive\nsystem results in steady-state density and current profiles that decay\nalgebraically to their global average value, away from the drive in two or\nhigher dimensions. An analogy to an electrostatic problem is established,\nwhereby the density profile induced by a driving bond maps onto the\nelectrostatic potential due to an electric dipole located along the bond. The\ndipole strength is proportional to the drive, and is determined\nself-consistently by solving the electrostatic problem. The profile resulting\nfrom a localized configuration of more than one driving bond can be\nstraightforwardly determined by the superposition principle of electrostatics.\nThis picture is shown to hold even in the presence of exclusion interaction\nbetween particles.",
        "positive": "Protecting clean critical points by local disorder correlations: We show that a broad class of quantum critical points can be stable against\nlocally correlated disorder even if they are unstable against uncorrelated\ndisorder. Although this result seemingly contradicts the Harris criterion, it\nfollows naturally from the absence of a random-mass term in the associated\norder-parameter field theory. We illustrate the general concept with explicit\ncalculations for quantum spin-chain models. Instead of the infinite-randomness\nphysics induced by uncorrelated disorder, we find that weak locally correlated\ndisorder is irrelevant. For larger disorder, we find a line of critical points\nwith unusual properties such as an increase of the entanglement entropy with\nthe disorder strength. We also propose experimental realizations in the context\nof quantum magnetism and cold-atom physics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Active Brownian Motion in Two Dimensions: We study the dynamics of a single active Brownian particle (ABP) in two\nspatial dimensions. The ABP has an intrinsic time scale $D_R^{-1}$ set by the\nrotational diffusion constant $D_R$. We show that, at short-times $t \\ll\nD_R^{-1}$, the presence of `activness' results in a strongly anisotropic and\nnon-diffusive dynamics in the $(xy)$ plane. We compute exactly the marginal\ndistributions of the $x$ and $y$ position coordinates along with the radial\ndistribution, which are all shown to be non-Brownian. In addition, we show\nthat, at early times, the ABP has anomalous first-passage properties,\ncharacterized by non-Brownian exponents.",
        "positive": "Explosive Synchronization Transitions in Scale-free Networks: The emergence of explosive collective phenomena has recently attracted much\nattention due to the discovery of an explosive percolation transition in\ncomplex networks. In this Letter, we demonstrate how an explosive transition\nshows up in the synchronization of complex heterogeneous networks by\nincorporating a microscopic correlation between the structural and the\ndynamical properties of the system. The characteristics of this explosive\ntransition are analytically studied in a star graph reproducing the results\nobtained in synthetic scale-free networks. Our findings represent the first\nabrupt synchronization transition in complex networks thus providing a deeper\nunderstanding of the microscopic roots of explosive critical phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Short-Wave Excitations in Non-Local Gross-Pitaevskii Model: It is shown, that a non-local form of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation allows to\ndescribe not only the long-wave excitations, but also the short-wave ones in\nthe systems with Bose-condensate. At given parameter values, the excitation\nspectrum mimics the Landau spectrum of quasi-particle excitations in superfluid\nHelium with roton minimum. The excitation wavelength, at which the roton\nminimum exists, is close to the inter-particle interaction range. It is shown,\nthat the existence domain of the spectrum with a roton minimum is reduced, if\none accounts for an inter-particle attraction.",
        "positive": "First-order Chapman--Enskog velocity distribution function in a granular\n  gas: A method is devised to measure the first-order Chapman-Enskog velocity\ndistribution function associated with the heat flux in a dilute granular gas.\nThe method is based on the application of a homogeneous, anisotropic\nvelocity-dependent external force which produces heat flux in the absence of\ngradients. The form of the force is found under the condition that, in the\nlinear response regime, the deviation of the velocity distribution function\nfrom that of the homogeneous cooling state obeys the same linear integral\nequation as the one derived from the conventional Chapman-Enskog expansion. The\nDirect Simulation Monte Carlo method is used to solve the corresponding\nBoltzmann equation and measure the dependence of the (modified) thermal\nconductivity on the coefficient of normal restitution $\\alpha$. Comparison with\nprevious simulation data obtained from the Green--Kubo relations [Brey et al.,\nJ. Phys.: Condens. Matter 17, S2489 (2005)] shows an excellent agreement, both\nmethods consistently showing that the first Sonine approximation dramatically\noverestimates the thermal conductivity for high inelasticity ($\\alpha\\lesssim\n0.7$). Since our method is tied to the Boltzmann equation, the results indicate\nthat the failure of the first Sonine approximation is not due to velocity\ncorrelation effects absent in the Boltzmann framework. This is further\nconfirmed by an analysis of the first-order Chapman-Enskog velocity\ndistribution function and its three first Sonine coefficients obtained from the\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinked Entropy and Discontinuous Microcanonical Spontaneous Symmetry\n  Breaking: Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) in statistical physics is a macroscopic\ncollective phenomenon. For the paradigmatic Q-state Potts model it means a\ntransition from the disordered color-symmetric phase to an ordered phase in\nwhich one color dominates. Existing mean field theories imply that SSB in the\nmicrocanonical statistical ensemble (with energy being the control parameter)\nshould be a continuous process. Here we study microcanonical SSB on the\nrandom-graph Potts model, and discover that the entropy is a kinked function of\nenergy. This kink leads to a discontinuous phase transition at certain energy\ndensity value, characterized by a jump in the density of the dominant color and\na jump in the microcanonical temperature. This discontinuous SSB in random\ngraphs is confirmed by microcanonical Monte Carlo simulations, and it is also\nobserved in bond-diluted finite-size lattice systems.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Restricted Boltzmann Machines: In this work, we analyze the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of a class of\nneural networks known as Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) in the context of\nunsupervised learning. We show how the network is described as a discrete\nMarkov process and how the detailed balance condition and the Maxwell-Boltzmann\nequilibrium distribution are sufficient conditions for a complete\nthermodynamics description, including nonequilibrium fluctuation theorems.\nNumerical simulations in a fully trained RBM are performed and the heat\nexchange fluctuation theorem is verified with excellent agreement to the\ntheory. We observe how the contrastive divergence functional, mostly used in\nunsupervised learning of RBMs, is closely related to nonequilibrium\nthermodynamic quantities. We also use the framework to interpret the estimation\nof the partition function of RBMs with the Annealed Importance Sampling method\nfrom a thermodynamics standpoint. Finally, we argue that unsupervised learning\nof RBMs is equivalent to a work protocol in a system driven by the laws of\nthermodynamics in the absence of labeled data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modulated escape from a metastable state driven by colored noise: Many phenomena in nature are described by excitable systems driven by colored\nnoise. The temporal correlations in the fluctuations hinder an analytical\ntreatment. We here present a general method of reduction to a white-noise\nsystem, capturing the color of the noise by effective and time-dependent\nboundary conditions. We apply the formalism to a model of the excitability of\nneuronal membranes, the leaky integrate-and-fire neuron model, revealing an\nanalytical expression for the linear response of the system valid up to\nmoderate frequencies. The closed form analytical expression enables the\ncharacterization of the response properties of such excitable units and the\nassessment of oscillations emerging in networks thereof.",
        "positive": "Voter models on weighted networks: We study the dynamics of the voter and Moran processes running on top of\ncomplex network substrates where each edge has a weight depending on the degree\nof the nodes it connects. For each elementary dynamical step the first node is\nchosen at random and the second is selected with probability proportional to\nthe weight of the connecting edge. We present a heterogeneous mean-field\napproach allowing to identify conservation laws and to calculate exit\nprobabilities along with consensus times. In the specific case when the weight\nis given by the product of nodes' degree raised to a power theta, we derive a\nrich phase-diagram, with the consensus time exhibiting various scaling laws\ndepending on theta and on the exponent of the degree distribution gamma.\nNumerical simulations give very good agreement for small values of |theta|. An\nadditional analytical treatment (heterogeneous pair approximation) improves the\nagreement with numerics, but the theoretical understanding of the behavior in\nthe limit of large |theta| remains an open challenge."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise induced oscillations in non-equilibrium steady state systems: We consider effect of stochastic sources upon self-organization process being\ninitiated with creation of the limit cycle. General expressions obtained are\napplied to the stochastic Lorenz system to show that departure from equilibrium\nsteady state can destroy the limit cycle at certain relation between\ncharacteristic scales of temporal variation of principle variables. Noise\ninduced resonance related to the limit cycle is found to appear if the fastest\nvariations displays a principle variable, which is coupled with two different\ndegrees of freedom or more.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Density Functional Theory For Microswimmers: Dynamical density functional theory (DDFT) has been successfully derived and\napplied to describe on the one hand passive colloidal suspensions, including\nhydrodynamic interactions between individual particles. On the other hand,\nactive \"dry\" crowds of self-propelled particles have been characterized using\nDDFT. Here we go one essential step further and combine these two approaches.\nWe establish a DDFT for active microswimmer suspensions. For this purpose,\nsimple minimal model microswimmers are introduced. These microswimmers\nself-propel by setting the surrounding fluid into motion. They hydrodynamically\ninteract with each other through their actively self-induced fluid flows and\nvia the common \"passive\" hydrodynamic interactions. An effective soft steric\nrepulsion is also taken into account. We derive the DDFT starting from common\nstatistical approaches. Our DDFT is then tested and applied by characterizing a\nsuspension of microswimmers the motion of which is restricted to a plane within\na three-dimensional bulk fluid. Moreover, the swimmers are confined by a\nradially symmetric trapping potential. In certain parameter ranges, we find\nrotational symmetry breaking in combination with the formation of a\n\"hydrodynamic pumping state\", which has previously been observed in the\nliterature as a result of particle-based simulations. An additional instability\nof this pumping state is revealed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the existence of an intermediate phase in the antiferromagnetic Ising\n  model on an face-centered cubic lattice: We use Monte Carlo simulation to determine the stable structures in the\nsecond-neighbour Ising model on the face-centred cubic lattice. Those\nstructures are L1_1 for strongly antiferromagnetic second neighbour\ninteractions and L1_0 for ferromagnetic and weakly antiferromagnetic second\nneighbours. We find a third stable \"intermediate\" antiferromagnetic phase with\nI4_1/amd symmetry, and calculate the paramagnetic transition temperature for\neach.\n  The transition temperature depends strongly on second neighbour interactions\nwhich are not frustrated. Our results contradict a recent paper, which also\nreported two different AFM structures and a new \"intermediate\" phase exists in\nthis system. Here we show that the assumed sublattice structure in is\ninconsistent with the ground state. We determine a sublattice structure\nsuitable for solving this problem with mean field theory.",
        "positive": "Collective motion of active Brownian particles in one dimension: We analyze a model of active Brownian particles with non-linear friction and\nvelocity coupling in one spatial dimension. The model exhibits two modes of\nmotion observed in biological swarms: A disordered phase with vanishing mean\nvelocity and an ordered phase with finite mean velocity. Starting from the\nmicroscopic Langevin equations, we derive mean-field equations of the\ncollective dynamics. We identify the fixed points of the mean-field equations\ncorresponding to the two modes and analyze their stability with respect to the\nmodel parameters. Finally, we compare our analytical findings with numerical\nsimulations of the microscopic model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Partition function zeros of the p-state clock model in the complex\n  temperature plane: We investigate the partition function zeros of the two-dimensional $p$-state\nclock model in the complex temperature plane by using the Wang-Landau method.\nFor $p=5$, $6$, $8$, and $10$, we propose a modified energy representation to\nenumerate exact irregular energy levels for the density of states without any\nbinning artifacts. Comparing the leading zeros between different $p$'s, we\nprovide strong evidence that the upper transition at $p=6$ is indeed of the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) type in contrast to the claim of the\nprevious Fisher zero study [Phys. Rev. E \\textbf{80}, 042103 (2009)]. We find\nthat the leading zeros of $p=6$ at the upper transition collapse onto the zero\ntrajectories of the larger $p$'s including the $XY$ limit while the finite-size\nbehavior of $p=5$ differs from the converged behavior of $p \\ge 6$ within the\nsystem sizes examined. In addition, we argue that the nondivergent specific\nheat in the BKT transition is responsible for the small partition function\nmagnitude that decreases exponentially with increasing system size near the\nleading zero, fundamentally limiting access to large systems in search for\nzeros with an estimator under finite statistical fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Subdiffusion in the Nonlinear Schroedinger Equation with Disorder: The nonlinear Schroedinger equation in the presence of disorder is\nconsidered. The dynamics of an initially localized wave packet is studied. A\nsubdiffusive spreading of the wave packet is explained in the framework of a\ncontinuous time random walk. A probabilistic description of subdiffusion is\nsuggested and a transport exponent of subdiffusion is obtained to be 2/5."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and power generation in open quantum\n  optomechanical systems: Cavity optomechanical systems are a paradigmatic setting for the conversion\nof electromagnetic energy into mechanical work. Experiments with atoms coupled\nto cavity modes are realized in nonequilibrium conditions, described by\nphenomenological models encoding non-thermal dissipative dynamics and falling\noutside the framework of weak system-bath couplings. This fact makes their\ninterpretation as quantum engines, e.g., the derivation of a well-defined\nefficiency, quite challenging. Here, we present a consistent thermodynamic\ndescription of open quantum cavity-atom systems. Our approach takes advantage\nof their nonequilibrium nature and arrives at an energetic balance which is\nfully interpretable in terms of persistent dissipated heat currents. The\ninteraction between atoms and cavity modes can further give rise to\nnonequilibrium phase transitions and emergent behavior and allows to assess the\nimpact of collective many-body phenomena on the engine operation. To enable\nthis, we define two thermodynamic limits related to a weak and to a strong\noptomechanical coupling, respectively. We illustrate our ideas focussing on a\ntime-crystal engine and discuss power generation, energy-conversion efficiency,\nand emergence of metastable behavior in both limits.",
        "positive": "Bargaining with entropy and energy: Statistical mechanics is based on interplay between energy minimization and\nentropy maximization. Here we formalize this interplay via axioms of\ncooperative game theory (Nash bargaining) and apply it out of equilibrium.\nThese axioms capture basic notions related to joint maximization of entropy and\nminus energy, formally represented by utilities of two different players. We\npredict thermalization of a non-equilibrium statistical system employing the\naxiom of affine covariance|related to the freedom of changing initial points\nand dimensions for entropy and energy|together with the contraction invariance\nof the entropy-energy diagram. Whenever the initial non-equilibrium state is\nactive, this mechanism allows thermalization to negative temperatures.\nDemanding a symmetry between players fixes the final state to a specific\npositive-temperature (equilibrium) state. The approach solves an important open\nproblem in the maximum entropy inference principle, {\\it viz.} generalizes it\nto the case when the constraint is not known precisely."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-standard diffusion under Markovian resetting in bounded domains: We consider a walker moving in a one-dimensional interval with absorbing\nboundaries under the effect of Markovian resettings to the initial position.\nThe walker's motion follows a random walk characterized by a general waiting\ntime distribution between consecutive short jumps. We investigate the existence\nof an optimal reset rate, which minimizes the mean exit passage time, in terms\nof the statistical properties of the waiting time probability. Generalizing\nprevious results restricted to Markovian random walks, we here find that,\ndepending on the value of the relative standard deviation of the waiting time\nprobability, resetting can be either (i) never beneficial, (ii) beneficial\ndepending on the distance of the reset to the boundary, or (iii) always\nbeneficial.",
        "positive": "Unified Approach to Classical Speed Limit and Thermodynamic Uncertainty\n  Relation: The total entropy production quantifies the extent of irreversibility in\nthermodynamic systems, which is nonnegative for any feasible dynamics. When\nadditional information such as the initial and final states or moments of an\nobservable is available, it is known that tighter lower bounds on the entropy\nproduction exist according to the classical speed limits and the thermodynamic\nuncertainty relations. Here, we obtain a universal lower bound on the total\nentropy production in terms of probability distributions of an observable in\nthe time forward and backward processes. For a particular case, we show that\nour universal relation reduces to a classical speed limit, imposing a\nconstraint on the speed of the system's evolution in terms of the Hatano--Sasa\nentropy production. Notably, the newly obtained classical speed limit is\ntighter than the previously reported bound by a constant factor. Moreover, we\ndemonstrate that a generalized thermodynamic uncertainty relation can be\nderived from another particular case of the universal relation. Our new\nuncertainty relation holds for systems with time-reversal symmetry breaking and\nrecovers several existing bounds. Our approach provides a unified perspective\non two closely related classes of inequality: classical speed limits and\nthermodynamic uncertainty relations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermalization of small quantum systems: From the zeroth law of\n  thermodynamics: Thermalization of isolated quantum systems has been studied intensively in\nrecent years and significant progresses have been achieved. Here, we study\nthermalization of small quantum systems that interact with large chaotic\nenvironments under the consideration of Schr\\\"{o}dinger evolution of composite\nsystems, from the perspective of the zeroth law of thermodynamics. Namely, we\nconsider a small quantum system that is brought into contact with a large\nenvironmental system; after they have relaxed, they are separated and their\ntemperatures are studied. Our question is under what conditions the small\nsystem may have a detectable temperature that is identical with the\nenvironmental temperature. This should be a necessary condition for the small\nquantum system to be thermalized and to have a well-defined temperature. By\nusing a two-level probe quantum system that plays the role of a thermometer, we\nfind that the zeroth law is applicable to quantum chaotic systems, but not to\nintegrable systems.",
        "positive": "On true relaxation statistics in gases: By example of a particle interacting with ideal gas, it is shown that\nstatistics of collisions in statistical mechanics at any degree of the gas\nrarefaction qualitatively differs from that conjugated with Boltzmann's\nhypothetical molecular chaos and kinetic equation. In reality, probability of\nthe particle collisions in itself is random, which results in power-law\nasymptotic of the particle velocity relaxation. An estimate of its exponent is\nsuggested basing on simple kinematic reasonings"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maximum entropy method: sampling bias: Maximum entropy method is a constructive criterion for setting up a\nprobability distribution maximally non-committal to missing information on the\nbasis of partial knowledge, usually stated as constrains on expectation values\nof some functions. In connection with experiments sample average of those\nfunctions are used as surrogate of the expectation values. We address sampling\nbias in maximum entropy approaches with finite data sets without forcedly\nequating expectation values to corresponding experimental average values.\nThough we rise the approach in a general formulation, the equations are\nunfortunately complicated. We bring simple case examples, hopping clear but\nsufficient illustration of the concepts.",
        "positive": "Different scenarios of the late stages of condensation: The late stages of the nucleation have been described analytically. The\napproximate solution of the Zel'dowich-Folmer-Frenkel equation has been\nconstructed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Reverse Bounds for General Open Quantum Processes: Various quantum thermodynamic bounds are shown to stem from a single tighter\nand more general inequality, consequence of the operator concavity of the\nlogarithmic function. Such an inequality, which we call the \"thermodynamic\nreverse bound\", is compactly expressed as a quantum relative entropy, from\nwhich it inherits mathematical properties and meaning. As concrete examples, we\napply our bound to evaluate the thermodynamic length for open processes, the\nheat exchange in erasure processes, and the maximal energy outflow in general\nquantum evolutions.",
        "positive": "Dissipative Diamagnetism -- A Case Study for Equilibrium and\n  Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics of Mesoscopic Systems: Using the path integral approach to equilibrium statistical physics the\neffect of dissipation on Landau diamagnetism is calculated. The calculation\nclarifies the essential role of the boundary of the container in which the\nelectrons move. Further, the derived result for diamagnetization also matches\nwith the expression obtained from a time-dependent quantum Langevin equation in\nthe asymptotic limit, provided a certain order is maintained in taking limits.\nThis identification then unifies equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistical\nphysics for a phenomenon like diamagnetism, which is inherently quantum and\nstrongly dependent on boundary effects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Relaxation and Critical Exponents: Dynamic relaxation of the XY model and fully frustrated XY model quenched\nfrom an initial ordered state to the critical temperature or below is\ninvestigated with Monte Carlo methods. Universal power law scaling behaviour is\nobserved. The dynamic critical exponent $z$ and the static exponent $\\eta$ are\nextracted from the time-dependent Binder cumulant and magnetization. The\nresults are competitive to those measured with traditional methods.",
        "positive": "Pressure-induced recovery of Fourier's law in one dimensional\n  momentum-conserving systems: We report the two typical models of normal heat conduction in one dimensional\nmomentum-conserving systems. They show the Arrhenius and the non-Arrhenius\ntemperature dependence. We construct the two corresponding phenomenologies,\ntransition-state theory of thermally activated dissociation and the\npressure-induced crossover between two fixed points in fluctuating\nhydrodynamics. Compressibility yields the ballistic fixed point, whose scaling\nis observed in FPU-\\beta lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Canonical and non-canonical equilibrium distribution: We address the problem of the dynamical foundation of non-canonical\nequilibrium. We consider, as a source of divergence from ordinary statistical\nmechanics, the breakdown of the condition of time scale separation between\nmicroscopic and macroscopic dynamics. We show that this breakdown has the\neffect of producing a significant deviation from the canonical prescription. We\nalso show that, while the canonical equilibrium can be reached with no apparent\ndependence on dynamics, the specific form of non-canonical equilibrium is, in\nfact, determined by dynamics. We consider the special case where the thermal\nreservoir driving the system of interest to equilibrium is a generator of\nintermittent fluctuations. We assess the form of the non-canonical equilibrium\nreached by the system in this case. Using both theoretical and numerical\narguments we demonstrate that Levy statistics are the best description of the\ndynamics and that the Levy distribution is the correct basin of attraction. We\nalso show that the correct path to non-canonical equilibrium by means of\nstrictly thermodynamic arguments has not yet been found, and that further\nresearch has to be done to establish a connection between dynamics and\nthermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Towards a new scenario for the XY Kosterlitz-Thouless transition: The paper has been withdrawn."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Retention capacity of correlated surfaces: We extend the water retention model [C. L. Knecht et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.\n108, 045703 (2012)] to correlated random surfaces. We find that the retention\ncapacity of discrete random landscapes is strongly affected by spatial\ncorrelations among the heights. This phenomenon is related to the emergence of\npower-law scaling in the lake volume distribution. We also solve the\nuncorrelated case exactly for a small lattice and present bounds on the\nretention of uncorrelated landscapes.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium and Aging Dynamics of Simple Models for Glasses: We analyze the properties of the energy landscape of {\\it finite-size} fully\nconnected $p$-spin-like models. In the thermodynamic limit the high temperature\nphase is described by the schematic Mode Coupling Theory of super-cooled\nliquids. In this limit the barriers between different basins are infinite below\nthe critical dynamical temperature the ergodicity is broken on in infinite\ntimes. We show that {\\it finite-size} fully connected $p$-spin-like models,\nwhere activated processes are possible, do exhibit properties typical of real\nsuper-cooled liquid when both are near the critical glass transition. Our\nresults support the conclusion that fully-connected $p$-spin-like models are\nthe natural statistical mechanical models for studying the glass transition in\nsuper-cooled liquids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo test of critical exponents and amplitudes in 3D Ising and\n  phi^4 lattice models: We have tested the leading correction-to-scaling exponent omega in\nO(n)-symmetric models on a three-dimensional lattice by analysing the recent\nMonte Carlo (MC) data. We have found that the effective critical exponent,\nestimated at finite sizes of the system L and L/2, decreases remarkably within\nthe range of the simulated L values. This shows the incorrectness of some\nclaims that omega has a very accurate value 0.845(10) at n=1. A selfconsistent\ninfinite volume extrapolation yields row estimates omega=0.547, omega=0.573,\nand omega=0.625 at n=1, 2, and 3, respectively, in approximate agreement with\nthe corresponding exact values 1/2, 5/9, and 3/5 predicted by our recently\ndeveloped GFD (grouping of Feynman diagrams) theory. We have fitted the MC data\nfor the susceptibility of 3D Ising model at criticality showing that the\neffective critical exponent eta tends to increase well above the usually\naccepted values around 0.036. We have fitted the data within [L;8L], including\nseveral terms in the asymptotic expansion with fixed exponents, to obtain the\neffective amplitudes depending on L. This method clearly demonstrates that the\ncritical exponents of GFD theory are correct (the amplitudes converge to\ncertain asymptotic values at L tending to infinity), whereas those of the\nperturbative renormalization group (RG) theory are incorrect (the amplitudes\ndiverge). A modification of the standard Ising model by introducing suitable\n\"improved\" action (Hamiltonian) does not solve the problem in favour of the\nperturbative RG theory.",
        "positive": "First order phase transition in a nonequilibrium growth process: We introduce a simple continuous model for nonequilibrium surface growth. The\ndynamics of the system is defined by the KPZ equation with a Morse-like\npotential representing a short range interaction between the surface and the\nsubstrate. The mean field solution displays a non trivial phase diagram with a\nfirst order transition between a growing and a bound surface, associated with a\nregion of coexisting phases, and a tricritical point where the transition\nbecomes second order. Numerical simulations in 3 dimensions show quantitative\nagreement with mean field results, and the features of the phase space are\npreserved even in 2 dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heterogeneous continuous time random walks: We introduce a heterogeneous continuous time random walk (HCTRW) model as a\nversatile analytical formalism for studying and modeling diffusion processes in\nheterogeneous structures, such as porous or disordered media, multiscale or\ncrowded environments, weighted graphs or networks. We derive the exact form of\nthe propagator and investigate the effects of spatio-temporal heterogeneities\nonto the diffusive dynamics via the spectral properties of the generalized\ntransition matrix. In particular, we show how the distribution of first passage\ntimes changes due to local and global heterogeneities of the medium. The HCTRW\nformalism offers a unified mathematical language to address various\ndiffusion-reaction problems, with numerous applications in material sciences,\nphysics, chemistry, biology, and social sciences.",
        "positive": "A Deep Learning Functional Estimator of Optimal Dynamics for Sampling\n  Large Deviations: In stochastic systems, numerically sampling the relevant trajectories for the\nestimation of the large deviation statistics of time-extensive observables\nrequires overcoming their exponential (in space and time) scarcity. The optimal\nway to access these rare events is by means of an auxiliary dynamics obtained\nfrom the original one through the so-called ``generalised Doob\ntransformation''. While this optimal dynamics is guaranteed to exist its use is\noften impractical, as to define it requires the often impossible task of\ndiagonalising a (tilted) dynamical generator. While approximate schemes have\nbeen devised to overcome this issue they are difficult to automate as they tend\nto require knowledge of the systems under study. Here we address this problem\nfrom the perspective of deep learning. We devise an iterative semi-supervised\nlearning scheme which converges to the optimal or Doob dynamics with the clear\nadvantage of requiring no prior knowledge of the system. We test our method in\na paradigmatic statistical mechanics model with non-trivial dynamical\nfluctuations, the fully packed classical dimer model on the square lattice,\nshowing that it compares favourably with more traditional approaches. We\ndiscuss broader implications of our results for the study of rare dynamical\ntrajectories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adsorption of He atoms in external grooves of single wall carbon\n  nanotube bundles: I calculate the quantum states for He atom in the potential of an external\ngroove of the single wall carbon nanotube bundle. The calculated ground state\nenergy is found to be in fair agreement with the experimental estimate which\nsuggests that the outer groove site is a preferential site for the adsorption\nof He gas in the samples studied experimentally. I also calculate the specific\nheat of low-density $^4$He atom gas adsorbed in groove positions. The specific\ngeometry of the groove and its influence on the adsorbate quantum states and\nspecific heat are discussed.",
        "positive": "Directed Branched Polymer near an Attractive Line: We study the adsorption-desorption phase transition of directed branched\npolymer in $d+1$ dimensions in contact with a line by mapping it to a $d$\ndimensional hard core lattice gas at negative activity. We solve the model\nexactly in 1+1 dimensions, and calculate the crossover exponent related to\nfraction of monomers adsorbed at the critical point of surface transition, and\nwe also determine the density profile of the polymer in different phases. We\nalso obtain the value of crossover exponent in 2+1 dimensions and give the\nscaling function of the sticking fraction for 1+1 and 2+1 dimensional directed\nbranched polymer."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Single Particle Brownian Heat Engine With Microadiabaticity: Micro-to-nano scale thermal devices that operate under large thermal\nfluctuations, are an active field of research where instead the average values,\nthe full distributions of thermodynamic quantities are important. Here we study\na model of stochastic heat engine consisting of a harmonically trapped Brownian\nparticle driven by the time-periodic strength of the confinement, within two\nthermal baths of different temperatures. The particle follows two isotherms\ncorrespond to two baths and connected by two micro-adiabates. The\nmicroadiabaticity is implemented by conserving the phase space volume of the\nparticle along the adiabatic paths. Here we show that it can operate as an\nengine or as a heater under microadiabaticity, depending on the parameter\nspace. We also compute the distribution of stochastic efficiency and its\naverages for different cycle times of the engine.",
        "positive": "Cumulants in the 3-dimensional Ising, O(2) and O(4) spin models: Based on the universal properties of a critical point in different systems\nand that the QCD phase transitions fall into the same universality classes as\nthe 3-dimensional Ising, $O(2)$ or $O(4)$ spin models, the critical behavior of\ncumulants and higher cumulant ratios of the order parameter from the three\nkinds of spin models is studied. We found that all higher cumulant ratios\nchange dramatically the sign near the critical temperature. The qualitative\ncritical behavior of the same order cumulant ratio is consistent in these three\nmodels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Marginal and Conditional Second Laws of Thermodynamics: We consider the entropy production of a strongly coupled bipartite system.\nThe total entropy production can be partitioned into various components, which\nwe use to define local versions of the Second Law that are valid without the\nusual idealization of weak coupling. The key insight is that causal\nintervention offers a way to identify those parts of the entropy production\nthat result from feedback between the sub-systems. From this the central\nrelations describing the thermodynamics of strongly coupled systems follow in a\nfew lines.",
        "positive": "A Fractional entropy in Fractal phase space: properties and\n  characterization: A two parameter generalization of Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon entropy based on\nnatural logarithm is introduced. The generalization of the Shannon-Kinchinn\naxioms corresponding to the two parameter entropy is proposed and verified. We\npresent the relative entropy, Jensen-Shannon divergence measure and check their\nproperties. The Fisher information measure, relative Fisher information and the\nJensen-Fisher information corresponding to this entropy are also derived. The\ncanonical distribution maximizing this entropy is derived and is found to be in\nterms of the Lambert's W function. Also the Lesche stability and the\nthermodynamic stability conditions are verified. Finally we propose a\ngeneralization of a complexity measure and apply it to a two level system and a\nsystem obeying exponential distribution. The results are compared with the\ncorresponding ones obtained using a similar measure based on the Shannon\nentropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of generic competing systems: Generic higher character Lifshitz critical behaviors are described using\nfield theory and $\\epsilon_{L}$-expansion renormalization group methods. These\ncritical behaviors describe systems with arbitrary competing interactions. We\nderive the scaling relations and the critical exponents at the two-loop level\nfor anisotropic and isotropic points of arbitrary higher character. The\nframework is illustrated for the $N$-vector $\\phi^{4}$ model describing a\n$d$-dimensional system. The anisotropic behaviors are derived in terms of many\nindependent renormalization group transformations, each one characterized by\nindependent correlation lengths. The isotropic behaviors can be understood\nusing only one renormalization group transformation. Feynman diagrams are\nsolved for the anisotropic behaviors using a new dimensional regularization\nassociated to a generalized orthogonal approximation. The isotropic diagrams\nare treated using this approximation as well as with a new exact technique to\ncompute the integrals. The entire procedure leads to the analytical solution of\ngeneric loop order integrals with arbitrary external momenta. The property of\nuniversality class reduction is also satisfied when the competing interactions\nare turned off. We show how the results presented here reduce to the usual\n$m$-fold Lifshitz critical behaviors for both isotropic and anisotropic\ncriticalities.",
        "positive": "Distribution of waiting times between superoperator quantum jumps in\n  Lindblad dynamics: Time-evolution of open, dissipative quantum system is a stochastic process\nthat consists of a series of quantum jumps that take place at random times.\nBetween quantum jumps quantum system idles for some time in a particular\nquantum state. Based on superfermion/superboson formalism and general\nKossakowski- Lindblad master equation for an open quantum system we develop a\nmethod to compute distribution of waiting times between quantum jumps. We\nillustrate the use of the theory by computing waiting time distribution for\nmodel Fermi-system in thermodynamic equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Majority-vote model on (3,4,6,4) and (3^4,6) Archimedean lattices: On Archimedean lattices, the Ising model exhibits spontaneous ordering. Two\nexamples of these lattices of the majority-vote model with noise are considered\nand studied through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The order/disorder phase\ntransition is observed in this system. The calculated values of the critical\nnoise parameter are q_c=0.091(2) and q_c=0.134(3) for (3,4,6,4) and (3^4,6)\nArchimedean lattices, respectively. The critical exponents beta/nu, gamma/nu\nand 1/nu for this model are 0.103(6), 1.596(54), 0.872(85) for (3,4,6,4) and\n0.114(3), 1.632(35), 0.978(104) for (3^4,6) Archimedean lattices. These results\ndiffers from the usual Ising model results and the majority-vote model on\nso-far studied regular lattices or complex networks. The effective\ndimensionality of the system [D_{eff}(3,4,6,4)=1.802(55) and\nD_{eff}(3^4,6)=1.860(34)] for these networks are reasonably close to the\nembedding dimension two.",
        "positive": "Mixed-state fidelity susceptibility through iterated commutator series\n  expansion: We present a perturbative approach to the problem of computation of\nmixed-state fidelity susceptibility (MFS) for thermal states. The mathematical\ntechniques used provides an analytical expression for the MFS as a formal\nexpansion in terms of the thermodynamic mean values of successively higher\ncommutators of the Hamiltonian with the operator involved through the control\nparameter. That expression is naturally divided into two parts: the usual\nisothermal susceptibility and a constituent in the form of an infinite series\nof thermodynamic mean values which encodes the noncommutativity in the problem.\nIf the symmetry properties of the Hamiltonian are given in terms of the\ngenerators of some (finite dimensional) algebra, the obtained expansion may be\nevaluated in a closed form. This issue is tested on several popular models, for\nwhich it is shown that the calculations are much simpler if they are based on\nthe properties from the representation theory of the Heisenberg or SU(1, 1) Lie\nalgebra."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Roughening of ion-eroded surfaces: Recent experimental studies focusing on the morphological properties of\nsurfaces eroded by ion-bombardment report the observation of self-affine\nfractal surfaces, while others provide evidence about the development of a\nperiodic ripple structure. To explain these discrepancies we derive a\nstochastic growth equation that describes the evolution of surfaces eroded by\nion bombardment. The coefficients appearing in the equation can be calculated\nexplicitly in terms of the physical parameters characterizing the sputtering\nprocess. Exploring the connection between the ion-sputtering problem and the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang and Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equations, we find that\nmorphological transitions may take place when experimental parameters, such as\nthe angle of incidence of the incoming ions or their average penetration depth,\nare varied. Furthermore, the discussed methods allow us to calculate\nanalytically the ion-induced surface diffusion coefficient, that can be\ncompared with experiments. Finally, we use numerical simulations of a one\ndimensional sputtering model to investigate certain aspects of the ripple\nformation and roughening.",
        "positive": "A Reciprocal Formulation of Nonexponential Radiative Transfer. 2: Monte\n  Carlo Estimation and Diffusion Approximation: When lifting the assumption of spatially-independent scattering centers in\nclassical linear transport theory, collision rate is no longer proportional to\nangular flux / radiance because the macroscopic cross-section $\\Sigma_t(s)$\ndepends on the distance $s$ to the previous collision or boundary. We\ngeneralize collision and track-length estimators to support unbiased estimation\nof either flux integrals or collision rates in generalized radiative transfer\n(GRT). To provide benchmark solutions for the Monte Carlo estimators, we derive\nthe four Green's functions for the isotropic point source in infinite media\nwith isotropic scattering. Additionally, new moment-preserving diffusion\napproximations for these Green's functions are derived, which reduce to\nalgebraic expressions involving the first four moments of the free-path lengths\nbetween collisions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Faster uphill relaxation in thermodynamically equidistant temperature\n  quenches: We uncover an unforeseen asymmetry in relaxation -- for a pair of\nthermodynamically equidistant temperature quenches, one from a lower and the\nother from a higher temperature, the relaxation at the ambient temperature is\nfaster in case of the former. We demonstrate this finding on hand of two\nexactly solvable many-body systems relevant in the context of single-molecule\nand tracer-particle dynamics. We prove that near stable minima and for all\nquadratic energy landscapes it is a general phenomenon that also exists in a\nclass of non-Markovian observables probed in single-molecule and\nparticle-tracking experiments. The asymmetry is a general feature of reversible\noverdamped diffusive systems with smooth single-well potentials and occurs in\nmulti-well landscapes when quenches disturb predominantly intra-well\nequilibria. Our findings may be relevant for the optimization of stochastic\nheat engines.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Simulations of Trapped Bose Gases at Finite Temperatures: In this paper, we develop a numerical procedure for investigating the\ndynamics of trapped Bose gases based on the ZGN theory. The dynamical equations\nused consist of a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the condensate\norder parameter and a semiclassical kinetic equation for the thermal cloud. The\nformer is solved using a fast Fourier transform split-operator technique while\nthe Boltzmann equation is treated by means of N-body simulations. The two\ncomponents are coupled by mean fields as well as collisional processes that\ntransfer atoms between the two. This scheme has been applied to a model\nequilibration problem, dipole oscillations in isotropic traps and scissors\nmodes in anisotropic traps. In the case of the latter, the frequencies and\ndamping rates of the condensate mode have been extracted from the simulations\nfor a wide range of temperatures. Good agreement with recent experiments has\nbeen found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Novel approach of exploring ASEP-like models through the Yang Baxter\n  Equation: We explore the algebraic structure of a particular ansatz of Yang Baxter\nEquation which is inspired from the Bethe Ansatz treatment of the ASEP\nspin-model. Various classes of Hamiltonian density arriving from two types of\nR-Matrices are found which also appear as solutions of constant YBE. We\nidentify the idempotent and nilpotent categories of such constant R-Matrices\nand perform a rank-1 numerical search for the lowest dimension. A summary of\nfinalised results reveals general non-hermitian spin-1/2 chain models.",
        "positive": "Exact time evolution formulae in the XXZ spin chain with domain wall\n  initial state: We study the time evolution of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain initialized in a domain\nwall state, where all spins to the left of the origin are up, all spins to its\nright are down. The focus is on exact formulae, which hold for arbitrary finite\n(real or imaginary) time. In particular, we compute the amplitudes\ncorresponding to the process where all but $k$ spins come back to their initial\norientation, as a $k-$fold contour integral. These results are obtained using a\ncorrespondence with the six vertex model, and taking a somewhat complicated\nHamiltonian/Trotter-type limit. Several simple applications are studied and\nalso discussed in a broader context."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Thermodynamics of Irreversible Aggregation and Gelation: Binary aggregation is known to lead, under certain kinetic rules, to the\ncoexistence of two populations, one consisting of finite-size clusters (sol),\nand one that contains a single cluster that carries a finite fraction of the\ntotal mass (giant component or gel). The sol-gel transition is commonly\ndiscussed as a phase transition by qualitative analogy to vapor condensation.\nHere we show that the connection to thermodynamic phase transition is rigorous.\nWe develop the statistical thermodynamics of irreversible binary aggregation in\ndiscrete finite systems, obtain the partition function for arbitrary kernel,\nand show that the emergence of the gel cluster has all the hallmarks of a phase\ntransition, including an unstable van der Waals loop. We demonstrate the theory\nby presenting the complete pre- and post-gel solution for aggregation with the\nproduct kernel, $k_{ij}=i j$.",
        "positive": "Discriminatory proofreading regimes in non-equilibrium systems: We use ideas from kinetic proofreading, an error-correcting mechanism in\nbiology, to identify new kinetic regimes in non-equilibrium systems. These\nregimes are defined by the sensitivity of the occupancy of a state of the\nsystem to a change in its energy. In biological contexts, higher sensitivity\ncorresponds to stronger discrimination between molecular substrates with\ndifferent energetics competing in the same reaction. We study this\ndiscriminatory ability in systems with discrete states that are connected by a\ngeneral network of transitions. We find multiple regimes of different\ndiscriminatory ability when the energy of a given state of the network is\nvaried. Interestingly, the occupancy of the state can even increase with its\nenergy, corresponding to an \"anti-proofreading\" regime. The number and\nproperties of such discriminatory regimes are limited by the topology of the\nnetwork. Finally, we find that discriminatory regimes can be changed without\nmodifying any \"hard-wired\" structural aspects of the system but rather by\nsimply changing external chemical potentials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergent motion of condensates in mass-transport models: We examine the effect of spatial correlations on the phenomenon of real-space\ncondensation in driven mass-transport systems. We suggest that in a broad class\nof models with a spatially correlated steady state, the condensate drifts with\na non-vanishing velocity. We present a robust mechanism leading to this\ncondensate drift. This is done within the framework of a generalized zero-range\nprocess (ZRP) in which, unlike the usual ZRP, the steady state is not a product\nmeasure. The validity of the mechanism in other mass-transport models is\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Flow Between Two Sites on a Percolation Cluster: We study the flow of fluid in porous media in dimensions $d=2$ and 3. The\nmedium is modeled by bond percolation on a lattice of $L^d$ sites, while the\nflow front is modeled by tracer particles driven by a pressure difference\nbetween two fixed sites (``wells'') separated by Euclidean distance $r$. We\ninvestigate the distribution function of the shortest path connecting the two\nsites, and propose a scaling {\\it Ansatz} that accounts for the dependence of\nthis distribution (i) on the size of the system, $L$, and (ii) on the bond\noccupancy probability, $p$. We confirm by extensive simulations that the {\\it\nAnsatz} holds for $d=2$ and 3, and calculate the relevant scaling parameters.\nWe also study two dynamical quantities: the minimal traveling time of a tracer\nparticle between the wells and the length of the path corresponding to the\nminimal traveling time ``fastest path'', which is not identical to the shortest\npath. A scaling {\\it Ansatz} for these dynamical quantities also includes the\neffect of finite system size $L$ and off-critical bond occupation probability\n$p$. We find that the scaling form for the distribution functions for these\ndynamical quantities for $d=2$ and 3 is similar to that for the shortest path\nbut with different critical exponents. The scaling form is represented as the\nproduct of a power law and three exponential cutoff functions. We summarize our\nresults in a table which contains estimates for all parameters which\ncharacterize the scaling form for the shortest path and the minimal traveling\ntime in 2 and 3 dimensions; these parameters are the fractal dimension, the\npower law exponent, and the constants and exponents that characterize the\nexponential cutoff functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Compressive response and helix formation of a semi flexible polymer\n  confined in a nanochannel: Configurations of a single semiflexible polymer is studied when it is pushed\ninto a nanochannel in the case where the polymer persistence length $l_p$ is\nmuch longer than the channel diameter $D$, i.e. $l_p/D \\gg 1$. Using numerical\nsimulations, we show that the polymer undergoes a sequence of recurring\nstructural transitions upon longitudinal compression, i.e. random deflection\nalong the channel, helix going around the channel wall, double-fold random\ndeflection, double-fold helix, etc. We find that the helix transition can be\nunderstood as buckling of deflection segments, and the initial helix formation\ntakes place at very small compression with no appreciable weak compression\nregime of the random deflection polymer.",
        "positive": "Noise-induced vortex reversal of self-propelled particles: We report an interesting phenomenon of noise-induced vortex reversal in a\ntwo-dimensional system of self-propelled particles (SPP) with soft-core\ninteractions. With the aid of forward flux sampling, we analyze the\nconfigurations along the reversal pathway and thus identify the mechanism of\nvortex reversal. We find that statistically the reversal exhibits a\nhierarchical process: those particles at the periphery first change their\nmotion directions, and then more inner layers of particles reverse later on.\nFurthermore, we calculate the dependence of the average reversal rate on noise\nintensity $D$ and the number $N$ of SPP. We find that the rate decreases\nexponentially with the reciprocal of $D$. Interestingly, the rate varies\nnonmonotonically with $N$ and a minimal rate exists for an intermediate value\nof $N$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Direct correlation function from the consistent fundamental-measure free\n  energies for hard-sphere mixtures: In a recent publication[PRE 86, 04012 (2012)], Santos has presented a\nself-consistency condition that can be used to limit the possible forms of\nFundamental Measure Theory. Here, the direct correlation function resulting\nfrom the Santos functional is derived and it is found to diverge for all\ndensities.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics of combinatorial auctions: Combinatorial auctions are formulated as frustrated lattice gases on sparse\nrandom graphs, allowing the determination of the optimal revenue by methods of\nstatistical physics. Transitions between computationally easy and hard regimes\nare found and interpreted in terms of the geometric structure of the space of\nsolutions. We introduce an iterative algorithm to solve intermediate and large\ninstances, and discuss competing states of optimal revenue and maximal number\nof satisfied bidders. The algorithm can be generalized to the hard phase and to\nmore sophisticated auction protocols."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of the polaron master equation at finite bias: We study coherent transport through a double quantum dot. Its two electronic\nleads induce electronic matter and energy transport and a phonon reservoir\ncontributes further energy exchanges. By treating the system-lead couplings\nperturbatively, whereas the coupling to vibrations is treated\nnon-perturbatively in a polaron-transformed frame, we derive a thermodynamic\nconsistent low-dimensional master equation. When the number of phonon modes is\nfinite, a Markovian description is only possible when these couple\nsymmetrically to both quantum dots. For a continuum of phonon modes however,\nalso asymmetric couplings can be described with a Markovian master equation. We\ncompute the electronic current and dephasing rate. The electronic current\nenables transport spectroscopy of the phonon frequency and displays signatures\nof Franck-Condon blockade. For infinite external bias but finite tunneling\nbandwidths, we find oscillations in the current as a function of the internal\nbias due to the electron-phonon coupling. Furthermore, we derive the full\nfluctuation theorem and show its identity to the entropy production in the\nsystem.",
        "positive": "Rare-event trajectory ensemble approach to study dynamical phase\n  transitions in the zero temperature Glauber model: The dynamics of a one-dimensional stochastic system of classical particles\nconsisting of asymmetric death and branching processes is studied. The\ndynamical activity, defined as the number of configuration changes in a\ndynamical trajectory, is considered as a proper dynamical order parameter. By\nconsidering an ensemble of dynamical trajectories and applying the large\ndeviation method, we have found that the system might undergo both continuous\nand discontinuous dynamical phase transitions at critical values of the\ncounting field. Exact analytical results are obtained for an infinite system.\nNumerical investigations confirm our analytical calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium relaxations: ageing and finite-size effects: The long-time behaviour of spin-spin correlators in the slow relaxation of\nsystems undergoing phase-ordering kinetics is studied in geometries of finite\nsize. A phenomenological finite-size scaling ansatz is formulated and tested\nthrough the exact solution of the kinetic spherical model, quenched to below\nthe critical temperature, in $2<d<4$ dimensions.",
        "positive": "Strong bonds and far-from-equilibrium conditions minimize errors in\n  lattice-gas growth: We use computer simulation to study the layer-by-layer growth of particle\nstructures in a lattice gas, taking the number of incorporated vacancies as a\nmeasure of the quality of the grown structure. By exploiting a dynamic scaling\nrelation between structure quality in and out of equilibrium, we determine that\nthe best quality of structure is obtained, for fixed observation time, with\nstrong interactions and far-from-equilibrium growth conditions. This result\ncontrasts with the usual assumption that weak interactions and mild\nnonequilibrium conditions are the best way to minimize errors during assembly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Equilibrium is Different: Non-equilibrium and equilibrium fluid systems differ due to the existence of\nlong-range correlations in non-equilibrium that are not present in equilibrium,\nexcept at critical points. Here we examine fluctuations of the temperature, of\nthe pressure tensor, and of the heat current in a fluid maintained in a\nnon-equilibrium stationary state (NESS) with a fixed temperature gradient, a\nsystem where the non-equilibrium correlations are especially long ranged. For\nthis particular NESS our results show that (1) The mean-squared fluctuations in\nnon-equilibrium differ markedly in their system size scaling compared to their\nequilibrium counterparts and (2) There are large, nonlocal, correlations of the\nnormal stress in this NESS. These terms provide important corrections to the\nfluctuating normal stress in linearized Landau-Lifshitz fluctuating\nhydrodynamics.",
        "positive": "A model of magnetic friction obeying the Dieterich--Ruina law in the\n  steady state: We propose a model of magnetic friction and investigate the relation between\nthe frictional force and the relative velocity of surfaces in the steady state.\nThe model comprises two square lattices adjacent to each other, the upper of\nwhich is subjected to an external force, and the magnetic interaction acts as a\nkind of \"potential barrier\" that prevents the upper lattice from moving. We\nconsider two surface types for the upper lattice: smooth and rough. The\nbehavior of this model is classified into two domains, which we refer to as\ndomains I and II. In domain II, the external force is dominant compared with\nother forces, whereas in the domain I, the the velocity of the lattice is\nsuppressed by the magnetic interaction and obeys the Dieterich--Ruina law. This\ncharacteristic property can be observed regardless of whether the surface is\nsmooth or rough."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Linear response theory for long-range interacting systems in\n  quasistationary states: Long-range interacting systems, while relaxing to equilibrium, often get\ntrapped in long-lived quasistationary states which have lifetimes that diverge\nwith the system size. In this work, we address the question of how a long-range\nsystem in a quasistationary state (QSS) responds to an external perturbation.\nWe consider a long-range system that evolves under deterministic Hamilton\ndynamics. The perturbation is taken to couple to the canonical coordinates of\nthe individual constituents. Our study is based on analyzing the Vlasov\nequation for the single-particle phase space distribution. The QSS represents\nstable stationary solution of the Vlasov equation in the absence of the\nexternal perturbation. In the presence of small perturbation, we linearize the\nperturbed Vlasov equation about the QSS to obtain a formal expression for the\nresponse observed in a single-particle dynamical quantity. For a QSS that is\nhomogeneous in the coordinate, we obtain an explicit formula for the response.\nWe apply our analysis to a paradigmatic model, the Hamiltonian mean-field\nmodel, that involves particles moving on a circle under Hamilton dynamics. Our\nprediction for the response of three representative QSSs in this model (the\nwater-bag QSS, the Fermi-Dirac QSS, and the Gaussian QSS) is found to be in\ngood agreement with $N$-particle simulations for large $N$. We also show the\nlong-time relaxation of the water-bag QSS to the Boltzmann-Gibbs equilibrium\nstate.",
        "positive": "Entanglement Entropy in Excited States of the Quantum Lifshitz Model: We investigate the entanglement properties of an infinite class of excited\nstates in the quantum Lifshitz model (QLM). The presence of a conformal quantum\ncritical point in the QLM makes it unusually tractable for a model above one\nspatial dimension, enabling the ground state entanglement entropy for an\narbitrary domain to be expressed in terms of geometrical and topological\nquantities. Here we extend this result to excited states and find that the\nentanglement can be naturally written in terms of quantities which we dub\n\"entanglement propagator amplitudes\" (EPAs). EPAs are geometrical probabilities\nthat we explicitly calculate and interpret. A comparison of lattice and\ncontinuum results demonstrates that EPAs are universal. This work shows that\nthe QLM is an example of a 2+1d field theory where the universal behavior of\nexcited-state entanglement may be computed analytically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo simulation of ice models: We propose a number of Monte Carlo algorithms for the simulation of ice\nmodels and compare their efficiency. One of them, a cluster algorithm for the\nequivalent three colour model, appears to have a dynamic exponent close to\nzero, making it particularly useful for simulations of critical ice models. We\nhave performed extensive simulations using our algorithms to determine a number\nof critical exponents for the square ice and F models.",
        "positive": "$\u03ba$-generalization of Gauss' law of error: Based on the $\\kappa$-deformed functions ($\\kappa$-exponential and\n$\\kappa$-logarithm) and associated multiplication operation ($\\kappa$-product)\nintroduced by Kaniadakis (Phys. Rev. E \\textbf{66} (2002) 056125), we present\nanother one-parameter generalization of Gauss' law of error. The likelihood\nfunction in Gauss' law of error is generalized by means of the\n$\\kappa$-product. This $\\kappa$-generalized maximum likelihood principle leads\nto the {\\it so-called} $\\kappa$-Gaussian distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Path integral representation for stochastic jump processes with\n  boundaries: We propose a formalism to analyze discrete stochastic processes with\nfinite-state-level N. By using an (N+1)-dimensional representation of su(2) Lie\nalgebra, we re-express the master equation to a time-evolution equation for the\nstate vector corresponding to the probability generating function. We found\nthat the generating function of the system can be expressed as a propagator in\nthe spin coherent state representation. The generating function has a path\nintegral representation in terms of the spin coherent state. We apply our\nformalism to a linear Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) epidemic model\nwith time-dependent transition probabilities. The probability generating\nfunction of the system is calculated concisely using an algebraic property of\nthe system or a path integral representation. Our results indicate that the\nmethod of analysis developed in the field of quantum mechanics is applicable to\ndiscrete stochastic processes with finite-state-level.",
        "positive": "Effect of disorder on condensation in the lattice gas model on a random\n  graph: The lattice gas model of condensation in a heterogeneous pore system,\nrepresented by a random graph of cells, is studied using an exact analytical\nsolution. A binary mixture of pore cells with different coordination numbers is\nshown to exhibit two phase transitions as a function of chemical potential in a\ncertain temperature range. Heterogeneity in interaction strengths is\ndemonstrated to reduce the critical temperature and, for large enough degree of\ndisorder, divides the cells into ones which are either on average occupied or\nunoccupied. Despite treating the pore space loops in a simplified manner, the\nrandom-graph model provides a good description of condensation in porous\nstructures containing loops. This is illustrated by considering capillary\ncondensation in a structural model of mesoporous silica SBA-15."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact thermodynamic limit of short-range correlation functions of the\n  antiferromagnetic $XXZ$-chain at finite temperatures: We evaluate numerically certain multiple integrals representing nearest and\nnext-nearest neighbor correlation functions of the spin-1/2 $XXZ$ Heisenberg\ninfinite chain at finite temperatures.",
        "positive": "Saturation of Electrostatic Potential: Exactly Solvable 2D Coulomb\n  Models: We test the concepts of renormalized charge and potential saturation,\nintroduced within the framework of highly asymmetric Coulomb mixtures, on\nexactly solvable Coulomb models. The object of study is the average\nelectrostatic potential induced by a unique \"guest\" charge immersed in a\nclassical electrolyte, the whole system being in thermal equilibrium at some\ninverse temperature $\\beta$. The guest charge is considered to be either an\ninfinite hard wall carrying a uniform surface charge or a charged colloidal\nparticle. The systems are treated as two-dimensional; the electrolyte is\nmodelled by a symmetric two-component plasma of point-like $\\pm e$ charges with\nlogarithmic Coulomb interactions. Two cases are solved exactly: the\nDebye-H\\\"uckel limit $\\beta e^2\\to 0$ and the Thirring free-fermion point\n$\\beta e^2 = 2$. The results at the free-fermion point can be summarized as\nfollows: (i) The induced electrostatic potential exhibits the asymptotic\nbehavior, at large distances from the guest charge, whose form is different\nfrom that obtained in the Debye-H\\\"uckel (linear Poisson-Boltzmann) theory.\nThis means that the concept of renormalized charge, developed within the\nnonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann theory to describe the screening effect of the\nelectrolyte cloud, fails at the free-fermion point. (ii) In the limit of an\ninfinite bare charge, the induced electrostatic potential saturates at a finite\nvalue in every point of the electrolyte region. This fact confirms the\npreviously proposed hypothesis of potential saturation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipative electron-phonon system photoexcited far from equilibrium: We derive the steady-state electron distribution function for a semiconductor\ndriven far from equilibrium by the inter-band photoexcitation assumed\nhomogeneous over the nanoscale sample. Our analytical treatment is based on the\ngeneralization of a stochastic model known for a driven dissipative granular\ngas. The generalization is physically realizable in a semiconducting sample\nwhere electrons are injected into the conduction band by photoexcitation, and\nremoved through the electron-hole recombination process at the bottom of the\nconduction band. Here the kinetics of the electron-electron and the\nelectron-phonon (bath) scattering processes, as also the partitioning of the\ntotal energy in the inelastic collisions, are duly parametrized by certain rate\nconstants. Our analytical results give the steady-state-energy distribution of\nthe classical (non-degenerate) electron gas as function of the phonon (bath)\ntemperature and the rates of injection (cw pump) and depletion (recombination).\nInterestingly, we obtain an accumulation of the electrons at the bottom of the\nconduction band in the form of a delta-function peak $-$ a non-equilibrium\nclassical analogue of condensation. Our model is specially appropriate to a\ndisordered, indirect band-gap, polar semiconducting sample where energy is the\nonly state label, and the electron-phonon coupling is strong while the\nrecombination rate is slow. A possible mechanism for the dissipative inelastic\ncollisions between the electrons is also suggested.",
        "positive": "Effective classical Hamiltonians for spin systems: A closed form with\n  quantum spin-wave effects: Thermodynamic properties of any quantum spin system can be described by the\nformally exact, although in general intractable, effective classical Hamilton\nfunction \\cal H. Here we obtain an explicit form of \\cal H which applies at T\n<< J S^2, where J is the exchange and S in the spin value, and incorporates\nquantum effects at the level of the spin-wave theory (SWT). For a quantum\nHamiltonian \\hat H of Heisenberg form, \\cal H is also Heisenberg but with a\nlong-range effective exchange J_{ij}^{eff}, which is the price for including\nquantum effects. For three-dimensional magnets, classical SWT with \\cal H\nyields the same results as quantum SWT for the original system, in the\nantiferromagnetic case with the 1/S correction to the ground-state energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behaviour of a 3D Ising-like system in the \u03c1^6 model\n  approximation: Role of the correction for the potential averaging: The critical behaviour of systems belonging to the three-dimensional Ising\nuniversality class is studied theoretically using the collective variables (CV)\nmethod. The partition function of a one-component spin system is calculated by\nthe integration over the layers of the CV phase space in the approximation of\nthe non-Gaussian sextic distribution of order-parameter fluctuations (the\n\\rho^6 model). A specific feature of the proposed calculation consists in\nmaking allowance for the dependence of the Fourier transform of the interaction\npotential on the wave vector. The inclusion of the correction for the potential\naveraging leads to a nonzero critical exponent of the correlation function \\eta\nand the renormalization of the values of other critical exponents. The\ncontributions from this correction to the recurrence relations for the \\rho^6\nmodel, fixed-point coordinates and elements of the renormalization-group linear\ntransformation matrix are singled out. The expression for a small critical\nexponent \\eta is obtained in a higher non-Gaussian approximation.",
        "positive": "Exact Density Functionals in One Dimension: We propose a new and general method for deriving exact density functionals in\none dimension for lattice gases with finite-range pairwise interactions.\nCorresponding continuum functionals are derived by applying a proper limiting\nprocedure. The method is based on a generalised Markov property, which allows\nus to set up a rather transparent scheme that covers all previously known exact\nfunctionals for one-dimensional lattice gas or fluid systems. Implications for\na systematic construction of approximate density functionals in higher\ndimensions are pointed out."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crackling dynamics in material failure as the signature of a\n  self-organized dynamic phase transition: We derive here a linear elastic stochastic description for slow crack growth\nin heterogeneous materials. This approach succeeds in reproducing\nquantitatively the intermittent crackling dynamics observed recently during the\nslow propagation of a crack along a weak heterogeneous plane of a transparent\nPlexiglas block [M{\\aa}l{\\o}y {\\it et al.}, PRL {\\bf 96} 045501]. In this\ndescription, the quasi-static failure of heterogeneous media appears as a\nself-organized critical phase transition. As such, it exhibits universal and to\nsome extent predictable scaling laws, analogue to that of other systems like\nfor example magnetization noise in ferromagnets.",
        "positive": "Critical Casimir force scaling functions of the two-dimensional Ising\n  model at finite aspect ratios: We present a systematic method to calculate the universal scaling functions\nfor the critical Casimir force and the according potential of the\ntwo-dimensional Ising model with various boundary conditions. Therefore we\nstart with the dimer representation of the corresponding partition function $Z$\non an $L\\times M$ square lattice, wrapped around a torus with aspect ratio\n$\\rho=L/M$. By assuming periodic boundary conditions and translational\ninvariance in at least one direction, we systematically reduce the problem to a\n$2\\times2$ transfer matrix representation. For the torus we first reproduce the\nresults by Kaufman and then give a detailed calculation of the scaling\nfunctions. Afterwards we present the calculation for the cylinder with open\nboundary conditions. All scaling functions are given in form of combinations of\ninfinite products and integrals. Our results reproduce the known scaling\nfunctions in the limit of thin films $\\rho\\to 0$. Additionally, for the\ncylinder at criticality our results confirm the predictions from conformal\nfield theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jamming and percolation in generalized models of random sequential\n  adsorption of linear $k$-mers on a square lattice: The jamming and percolation for two generalized models of random sequential\nadsorption (RSA) of linear $k$-mers (particles occupying $k$ adjacent sites) on\na square lattice are studied by means of Monte Carlo simulation. The classical\nrandom sequential adsorption (RSA) model assumes the absence of overlapping of\nthe new incoming particle with the previously deposited ones. The first model\nLK$_d$ is a generalized variant of the RSA model for both $k$-mers and a\nlattice with defects. Some of the occupying $k$ adjacent sites are considered\nas insulating and some of the lattice sites are occupied by defects\n(impurities). For this model even a small concentration of defects can inhibit\npercolation for relatively long $k$-mers. The second model is the cooperative\nsequential adsorption (CSA) one, where, for each new $k$-mer, only a restricted\nnumber of lateral contacts $z$ with previously deposited $k$-mers is allowed.\nDeposition occurs in the case when $z\\leq (1-d)z_m$ where $z_m=2(k+1)$ is the\nmaximum numbers of the contacts of $k$-mer, and $d$ is the fraction of\nforbidden NN contacts. Percolation is observed only at some interval\n$k_{min}\\leq k\\leq k_{max}$ where the values $k_{min}$ and $k_{max}$ depend\nupon the fraction of forbidden contacts $d$. The value $k_{max}$ decreases as\n$d$ increases. A logarithmic dependence of the type $\\log(k_{max})=a+bd$, where\n$a=-4.03 \\pm 0.22$, $b=4.93 \\pm 0.57 $, is obtained.",
        "positive": "Quantum quench within the gapless phase of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg XXZ\n  spin-chain: We consider an interaction quench in the critical spin-1/2 Heisenberg XXZ\nchain. We numerically compute the time evolution of the two-point correlation\nfunctions of spin operators in the thermodynamic limit and compare the results\nto predictions obtained in the framework of the Luttinger liquid approximation.\nWe find that the transverse correlation function $\\langle\nS^x_jS^x_{j+\\ell}\\rangle$ agrees with the Luttinger model prediction to a\nsurprising level of accuracy. The agreement for the longitudinal two-point\nfunction $\\langle S^z_jS^z_{j+\\ell}\\rangle$ is found to be much poorer. We\nspeculate that this difference between transverse and longitudinal correlations\nhas its origin in the locality properties of the respective spin operator with\nrespect to the underlying fermionic modes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth on one-dimensional decreasing substrates: Recent experimental works on one-dimensional (1D) circular\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) systems whose radii decrease in time have reported\ncontroversial conclusions about the statistics of their interfaces. Motivated\nby this, we investigate here several 1D KPZ models on substrates whose size\nchanges in time as $L(t)=L_0 + \\omega t$, focusing on the case $\\omega<0$. From\nextensive numerical simulations, we show that for $L_0 \\gg 1$ there exists a\ntransient regime in which the statistics is consistent with that of flat KPZ\nsystems (the $\\omega=0$ case), for both $\\omega<0$ and $\\omega>0$. Actually,\nfor a given model, $L_0$ and $|\\omega|$, we observe that a difference between\ningrowing ($\\omega<0$) and outgrowing ($\\omega>0$) systems arises only at long\ntimes ($t \\gtrsim t_c=L_0/|\\omega|$), when the expanding surfaces cross over to\nthe statistics of curved KPZ systems, whereas the shrinking ones become\ncompletely correlated. A generalization of the Family-Vicsek scaling for the\nroughness of ingrowing interfaces is presented. Our results demonstrate that a\ntransient flat statistics is a general feature of systems starting with large\ninitial sizes, regardless their curvature. This is consistent with their recent\nobservation in ingrowing turbulent liquid crystal interfaces, but it is in\ncontrast with the apparent observation of curved statistics in colloidal\ndeposition at the edge of evaporating drops. A possible explanation for this\nlast result, as a consequence of the very small number of monolayers analyzed\nin this experiment, is given. This is illustrated in a competitive growth model\npresenting a few-monolayer transient and an asymptotic behavior consistent,\nrespectively, with the curved and flat statistics.",
        "positive": "Percolation in networks composed of connectivity and dependency links: Networks composed from both connectivity and dependency links were found to\nbe more vulnerable compared to classical networks with only connectivity links.\nTheir percolation transition is usually of a first order compared to the second\norder transition found in classical networks. We analytically analyze the\neffect of different distributions of dependencies links on the robustness of\nnetworks. For a random Erd$\\ddot{o}$s-R$\\acute{e}$nyi (ER) network with average\ndegree $k$ that is divided into dependency clusters of size $s$, the fraction\nof nodes that belong to the giant component, $P_\\infty$, is given by $\nP_\\infty=p^{s-1} [1-\\exp{(-kpP_\\infty)}]^s $ where $1-p$ is the initial\nfraction of removed nodes. Our general result coincides with the known\nErd$\\ddot{o}$s-R$\\acute{e}$nyi equation for random networks for $s=1$ and with\nthe result of Parshani et al (PNAS, in press, 2011) for $s=2$. For networks\nwith Poissonian distribution of dependency links we find that $P_\\infty$ is\ngiven by $P_\\infty = f_{k,p}(P_\\infty) e^{(<s>-1)(pf_{k,p}(P_\\infty)-1)}$ where\n$f_{k,p}(P_\\infty) \\equiv 1-\\exp{(-kpP_\\infty)}$ and $<s>$ is the mean value of\nthe size of dependency clusters. For networks with Gaussian distribution of\ndependency links we show how the average and width of the distribution affect\nthe robustness of the networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Thermodynamic Uncertainty Theorem: Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) express a fundamental tradeoff\nbetween the precision (inverse scaled variance) of any thermodynamic current by\nfunctionals of the average entropy production. Relying on purely variational\narguments, we significantly extend these inequalities by incorporating and\nanalyzing the impact of higher statistical cumulants of entropy production\nwithin a general framework of time-symmetrically controlled computation. This\nallows us to derive an exact expression for the current that achieves the\nminimum scaled variance, for which the TUR bound tightens to an equality that\nwe name Thermodynamic Uncertainty Theorem (TUT). Importantly, both the minimum\nscaled variance current and the TUT are functionals of the stochastic entropy\nproduction, thus retaining the impact of its higher moments. In particular, our\nresults show that, beyond the average, the entropy production distribution's\nhigher moments have a significant effect on any current's precision. This is\nmade explicit via a thorough numerical analysis of swap and reset computations\nthat quantitatively compares the TUT against previous generalized TURs. Our\nresults demonstrate how to interpolate between previously-established bounds\nand how to identify the most relevant TUR bounds in different nonequilibrium\nregimes.",
        "positive": "Crossover from a Kosterlitz-Thouless to a discontinuous phase transition\n  in two-dimensional liquid crystals: Liquid crystals in two dimensions do not support long-ranged nematic order,\nbut a quasi-nematic phase where the orientational correlations decay\nalgebraically is possible. The transition from the isotropic to the\nquasi-nematic phase can be continuous of the Kosterlitz-Thouless type, or it\ncan be first-order. We report here on a liquid crystal model where the nature\nof the isotropic to quasi-nematic transition can be tuned via a single\nparameter $p$ in the pair potential. For $p<p_t$, the transition is of the\nKosterlitz-Thouless type, while for $p>p_t$ it is first-order. Precisely at\n$p=p_t$, there is a tricritical point, where, in addition to the orientational\ncorrelations, also the positional correlations decay algebraically. The\ntricritical behavior is analyzed in detail, including an accurate estimate of\n$p_t$. The results follow from extensive Monte Carlo simulations combined with\na finite-size scaling analysis. Paramount in the analysis is a scheme to\nfacilitate the extrapolation of simulation data in parameters that are not\nnecessarily field variables (in this case the parameter $p$) the details of\nwhich are also provided. This scheme provides a simple and powerful alternative\nfor situations where standard histogram reweighting cannot be applied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The large-$m$ limit, and spin liquid correlations in kagome-like spin\n  models: It is noted that the pair correlation matrix $\\hat{\\chi}$ of the nearest\nneighbor Ising model on periodic three-dimensional ($d=3$) kagome-like lattices\nof corner-sharing triangles can be calculated partially exactly. Specifically,\na macroscopic number $1/3 \\, N+1$ out of $N$ eigenvalues of $\\hat{\\chi}$ are\ndegenerate at all temperatures $T$, and correspond to an eigenspace\n$\\mathbb{L}_{-}$ of $\\hat{\\chi}$, independent of $T$. Degeneracy of the\neigenvalues, and $\\mathbb{L}_{-}$ are an exact result for a complex $d=3$\nstatistical physical model. It is further noted that the eigenvalue degeneracy\ndescribing the same $\\mathbb{L}_{-}$ is exact at all $T$ in an infinite spin\ndimensionality $m$ limit of the isotropic $m$-vector approximation to the Ising\nmodels. A peculiar match of the opposite $m=1$ and $m\\rightarrow \\infty$ limits\ncan be interpreted that the $m\\rightarrow\\infty$ considerations are exact for\n$m=1$. It is not clear whether the match is coincidental. It is then speculated\nthat the exact eigenvalues degeneracy in $\\mathbb{L}_{-}$ in the opposite\nlimits of $m$ can imply their quasi-degeneracy for intermediate $1 \\leqslant m\n< \\infty$. For an anti-ferromagnetic nearest neighbor coupling, that renders\nkagome-like models highly geometrically frustrated, these are spin states\nlargely from $\\mathbb{L}_{-}$ that for $m\\geqslant 2$ contribute to\n$\\hat{\\chi}$ at low $T$. The $m\\rightarrow\\infty$ formulae can be thus\nquantitatively correct in description of $\\hat{\\chi}$ and clarifying the role\nof perturbations in kagome-like systems deep in the collective paramagnetic\nregime. An exception may be an interval of $T$, where the order-by-disorder\nmechanisms select sub-manifolds of $\\mathbb{L}_{-}$.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of the bouncing ball: We describe an experiment dedicated to the study of the trajectories of a\nball bouncing randomly on a vibrating plate. The system was originally used,\nconsidering a sinusoidal vibration, to illustrate period doubling and the route\nto chaos. Our experimental device makes it possible to impose, to the plate,\narbitrary trajectories and not only sinusoidal or random, as is generally the\ncase. We show that the entire trajectory of the ball can still be reconstructed\nfrom the measurement of the collisions times. First, we make use of the\nexperimental system to introduce the notion of dissipative collisions and to\npropose three different ways to measure the associated restitution coefficient.\nThen, we report on correlations in the chaotic regime and discuss theoretically\nthe complex pattern which they exhibit in the case of a sinusoidal vibration.\nAt last, we show that the use of an aperiodic motion makes it possible to get\nrid of part of the correlations and to discuss theoretically the average energy\nof the ball in the chaotic regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Age representation of Levy walks: partial density waves, relaxation and\n  first passage time statistics: Levy walks (LWs) define a fundamental class of finite velocity stochastic\nprocesses that can be introduced as a special case of continuous time random\nwalks. Alternatively, there is a hyperbolic representation of them in terms of\npartial probability density waves. Using the latter framework we explore the\nimpact of aging on LWs, which can be viewed as a specific initial preparation\nof the particle ensemble with respect to an age distribution. We show that the\nhyperbolic age formulation is suitable for a simple integral representation in\nterms of linear Volterra equations for any initial preparation. On this basis\nrelaxation properties and first passage time statistics in bounded domains are\nstudied by connecting the latter problem with solute release kinetics. We find\nthat even normal diffusive LWs may display anomalous relaxation properties such\nas stretched exponential decay. We then discuss the impact of aging on the\nfirst passage time statistics of LWs by developing the corresponding Volterra\nintegral representation. As a further natural generalization the concept of LWs\nwith wearing is introduced to account for mobility losses.",
        "positive": "Derivation of the order parameter of the chiral Potts model: We derive the order parameter of the chiral Potts model, using the method of\nJimbo et al. The result agrees with previous conjectures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low rattling: A predictive principle for self-organization in active\n  collectives: Self-organization is frequently observed in active collectives, from ant\nrafts to molecular motor assemblies. General principles describing\nself-organization away from equilibrium have been challenging to identify. We\noffer a unifying framework that models the behavior of complex systems as\nlargely random, while capturing their configuration-dependent response to\nexternal forcing. This allows derivation of a Boltzmann-like principle for\nunderstanding and manipulating driven self-organization. We validate our\npredictions experimentally in shape-changing robotic active matter, and outline\na methodology for controlling collective behavior. Our findings highlight how\nemergent order depends sensitively on the matching between external patterns of\nforcing and internal dynamical response properties, pointing towards future\napproaches for design and control of active particle mixtures and\nmetamaterials.",
        "positive": "Multiscale Structure of More-than-Binary Variables: In earlier work, my colleagues and I developed a formalism for using\ninformation theory to understand scales of organization and structure in\nmulti-component systems. One prominent theme of that work was that the\nstructure of a system cannot always be decomposed into pairwise relationships.\nIn this brief communication, I refine that formalism to address recent examples\nwhich bring out that theme in a novel and subtle way. After summarizing key\npoints of earlier papers, I introduce the crucial new concept of an ancilla\ncomponent, and I apply this refinement of our formalism to illustrative\nexamples. The goals of this brief communication are, first, to show how a\nsimple scheme for constructing ancillae can be useful in bringing out\nsubtleties of structure, and second, to compare this scheme with another recent\nproposal in the same genre."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Absence of long-range order in a three-dimensional stacked Ising\n  antiferromagnet on kagome lattice: We study the possibility of long-range ordering (LRO) in a 3D system of\nvertically stacked layers of Ising antiferromagnet on a kagome lattice (SIAKL).\nMonte Carlo simulations are carried out for a varying interlayer coupling\nstrength and a finite-size scaling analysis is performed for selected cases.\nUnlike in the related Ising system on a triangular lattice, in which even a\nfinite number of the layers can stabilize LRO, or the Heisenberg system on the\nsame kagome lattice, in which LRO emerged in 3D for a sufficient strength of\nthe interlayer coupling, no LRO could be observed in the present model. This\nmakes SIAKL a rare example of a 3D Ising paramagnet composed of frustrated\nlayers coupled by unfrustrated interaction.",
        "positive": "Criticality and Universality in the Unit-Propagation Search Rule: The probability Psuccess(alpha, N) that stochastic greedy algorithms\nsuccessfully solve the random SATisfiability problem is studied as a function\nof the ratio alpha of constraints per variable and the number N of variables.\nThese algorithms assign variables according to the unit-propagation (UP) rule\nin presence of constraints involving a unique variable (1-clauses), to some\nheuristic (H) prescription otherwise. In the infinite N limit, Psuccess\nvanishes at some critical ratio alpha\\_H which depends on the heuristic H. We\nshow that the critical behaviour is determined by the UP rule only. In the case\nwhere only constraints with 2 and 3 variables are present, we give the phase\ndiagram and identify two universality classes: the power law class, where\nPsuccess[alpha\\_H (1+epsilon N^{-1/3}), N] ~ A(epsilon)/N^gamma; the stretched\nexponential class, where Psuccess[alpha\\_H (1+epsilon N^{-1/3}), N] ~\nexp[-N^{1/6} Phi(epsilon)]. Which class is selected depends on the\ncharacteristic parameters of input data. The critical exponent gamma is\nuniversal and calculated; the scaling functions A and Phi weakly depend on the\nheuristic H and are obtained from the solutions of reaction-diffusion equations\nfor 1-clauses. Computation of some non-universal corrections allows us to match\nnumerical results with good precision. The critical behaviour for constraints\nwith >3 variables is given. Our results are interpreted in terms of dynamical\ngraph percolation and we argue that they should apply to more general\nsituations where UP is used."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Escape from textured adsorbing surfaces: The escape dynamics of sticky particles from textured surfaces is poorly\nunderstood despite importance to various scientific and technological domains.\nIn this work, we address this challenge by investigating the escape time of\nadsorbates from prevalent surface topographies, including holes/pits, pillars,\nand grooves. Analytical expressions for the probability density function and\nthe mean of the escape time are derived. A particularly interesting scenario is\nthat of very deep and narrow confining spaces within the surface. In this case,\nthe joint effect of the entrapment and stickiness prolongs the escape time,\nresulting in an effective desorption rate that is dramatically lower than that\nof the untextured surface. This rate is shown to abide a universal scaling law,\nwhich couples the equilibrium constants of adsorption with the relevant\nconfining length scales. While our results are analytical and exact, we also\npresent an approximation for deep and narrow cavities based on an effective\ndescription of one dimensional diffusion that is punctuated by motionless\nadsorption events. This simple and physically motivated approximation provides\nhigh-accuracy predictions within its range of validity and works relatively\nwell even for cavities of intermediate depth. All theoretical results are\ncorroborated with extensive Monte-Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Multiple Potentials of Mean Force from Biased Experiments Along a Single\n  Coordinate: External biasing forces are often applied to enhance sampling in regions of\nphase space which would otherwise be rarely observed. While the typical goal of\nthese experiments is to calculate the potential of mean force (PMF) along the\nbiasing coordinate, here I present a method to construct PMFs in multiple\ndimensions and along arbitary alternative degrees of freedom. A protocol for\nmultidimensional PMF reconstruction from nonequilibrium single-molecule pulling\nexperiments is introduced and tested on a series of two dimensional potential\nsurfaces with varying levels of correlation. Reconstruction accuracy and\nconvergence from several methods - this new protocol, equilibrium umbrella\nsampling, and free diffusion - are compared, and nonequilibrium pulling is\nfound to be the most efficient. To facilitate the use of this method, the\nsource code for this analysis is made freely available."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Susceptibility amplitude ratio in the two-dimensional three-state Potts\n  model: We analyze Monte Carlo simulation and series-expansion data for the\nsusceptibility of the three-state Potts model in the critical region. The\namplitudes of the susceptibility on the high- and the low-temperature sides of\nthe critical point as extracted from the Monte Carlo data are in good agreement\nwith those obtained from the series expansions and their (universal) ratio\ncompares quite well with a recent quantum field theory prediction by Delfino\nand Cardy.",
        "positive": "Entanglement and relative entropies for low-lying excited states in\n  inhomogeneous one-dimensional quantum systems: Conformal field theories in curved backgrounds have been used to describe\ninhomogeneous one-dimensional systems, such as quantum gases in trapping\npotentials and non-equilibrium spin chains. This approach provided, in a\nelegant and simple fashion, non-trivial analytic predictions for quantities,\nsuch as the entanglement entropy, that are not accessible through other\nmethods. Here, we generalise this approach to low-lying excited states,\nfocusing on the entanglement and relative entropies in an inhomogeneous\nfree-fermionic system. Our most important finding is that the universal scaling\nfunction characterising these entanglement measurements is the same as the one\nfor homogeneous systems, but expressed in terms of a different variable. This\nnew scaling variable is a non-trivial function of the subsystem length and\nsystem's inhomogeneity that is easily written in terms of the curved metric. We\ntest our predictions against exact numerical calculations in the free Fermi gas\ntrapped by a harmonic potential, finding perfect agreement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Velocity distributions in dilute granular systems: Motivated by recent experiments reporting non-Gaussian velocity distributions\nin driven dilute granular materials, we study by numerical simulation the\nproperties of inelastic gases as functions of the coefficient of restitution\n$\\eta$ and concentration $\\phi$ with various heating mechanisms. We show that\nthere are marked, qualitative differences in the behavior for uniform heating\n(as is frequently assumed theoretically) and for particle systems driven at the\nboundaries of the container (as is frequently done in experiments). In general,\nwe find Gaussian velocity distributions for uniform heating and non-Gaussian\nvelocity distributions for boundary heating. Furthermore, we demonstrate that\nthe form of the observed velocity distribution is governed primarily by the\ncoefficient of restitution $\\eta$ and $q=N_H/N_C$, the ratio between the\naverage number of heatings and the average number of collisions in the gas. The\ndifferences in distributions we find between uniform and boundary heating can\nthen be understood as different limits of $q$, for $q \\gg 1$ and $q \\lesssim 1$\nrespectively. Moreover, we demonstrate that very similar behavior is found for\na simple model of a gas of inelastic particles with no spatial degrees of\nfreedom.",
        "positive": "Diffusion in deterministic interacting lattice systems: We study reversible deterministic dynamics of classical charged particles on\na lattice with hard-core interaction. It is rigorously shown that the system\nexhibits three types of transport phenomena, ranging from ballistic, through\ndiffusive to insulating. By obtaining an exact expressions for the current\ntime-autocorrelation function we are able to calculate the linear response\ntransport coefficients, such as the diffusion constant and the Drude weight.\nAdditionally, we calculate the long- time charge profile after an inhomogeneous\nquench and obtain diffusive profile with the Green-Kubo diffusion constant.\nExact analytical results are corroborated by Monte-Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Direct evaluation of large-deviation functions: We introduce a numerical procedure to evaluate directly the probabilities of\nlarge deviations of physical quantities, such as current or density, that are\nlocal in time. The large-deviation functions are given in terms of the typical\nproperties of a modified dynamics, and since they no longer involve rare\nevents, can be evaluated efficiently and over a wider ranges of values. We\nillustrate the method with the current fluctuations of the Totally Asymmetric\nExclusion Process and with the work distribution of a driven Lorentz gas.",
        "positive": "Meron-cluster simulation of the quantum antiferromagnetic Heisenberg\n  model in a magnetic field in one- and two-dimensions: Motivated by the numerical simulation of systems which display quantum phase\ntransitions, we present a novel application of the meron-cluster algorithm to\nsimulate the quantum antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model coupled to an external\nuniform magnetic field both in one and in two dimensions. In the infinite\nvolume limit and at zero temperature we found numerical evidence that supports\na quantum phase transition very close to the critical values $B_{c}=2$ and\n$B_{c}=4$ for the system in one and two dimensions, respectively. For the one\ndimensional system, we have compared the numerical data obtained with\nanalytical predictions for the magnetization density as a function of the\nexternal field obtained by scaling-behaviour analysis and Bethe Ansatz\ntechniques. Since there is no analytical solution for the two dimensional case,\nwe have compared our results with the magnetization density obtained by scaling\nrelations for small lattice sizes and with the approximated thermodynamical\nlimit at zero temperature guessed by scaling relations. Moreover, we have\ncompared the numerical data with other numerical simulations performed by using\ndifferent algorithms in one and two dimensions, like the directed loop method.\nThe numerical data obtained are in perfect agreement with all these previous\nresults, which confirms that the meron-algorithm is reliable for quantum Monte\nCarlo simulations and applicable both in one and two dimensions. Finally, we\nhave computed the integrated autocorrelation time to measure the efficiency of\nthe meron algorithm in one dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Breakdown of Scale Invariance in the Phase Ordering of Fractal Clusters: Our numerical simulations with the Cahn-Hilliard equation show that\ncoarsening of fractal clusters (FCs) is not a scale-invariant process. On the\nother hand, a typical coarsening length scale and interfacial area of the FC\nexhibit power laws in time, while the mass fractal dimension remains invariant.\nThe initial value of the lower cutoff is a relevant length scale. A\nsharp-interface model is formulated that can follow the whole dynamics of a\ndiffusion controlled growth, coarsening, fragmentation and approach to\nequilibrium in a system with conserved order parameter.",
        "positive": "An expression for stationary distribution in nonequilibrium steady state: We study the nonequilibrium steady state realized in a general stochastic\nsystem attached to multiple heat baths and/or driven by an external force.\nStarting from the detailed fluctuation theorem we derive concise and suggestive\nexpressions for the corresponding stationary distribution which are correct up\nto the second order in thermodynamic forces. The probability of a microstate\n$\\eta$ is proportional to $\\exp[{\\Phi}(\\eta)]$ where\n${\\Phi}(\\eta)=-\\sum_k\\beta_k\\mathcal{E}_k(\\eta)$ is the excess entropy change.\nHere $\\mathcal{E}_k(\\eta)$ is the difference between two kinds of conditioned\npath ensemble averages of excess heat transfer from the $k$-th heat bath whose\ninverse temperature is $\\beta_k$. Our expression may be verified experimentally\nin nonequilibrium states realized, for example, in mesoscopic systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Canonical phase space approach to the noisy Burgers equation:\n  Probability distributions: We present a canonical phase space approach to stochastic systems described\nby Langevin equations driven by white noise. Mapping the associated\nFokker-Planck equation to a Hamilton-Jacobi equation in the nonperturbative\nweak noise limit we invoke a {\\em principle of least action} for the\ndetermination of the probability distributions. We apply the scheme to the\nnoisy Burgers and KPZ equations and discuss the time-dependent and stationary\nprobability distributions. In one dimension we derive the long-time skew\ndistribution approaching the symmetric stationary Gaussian distribution. In the\nshort-time region we discuss heuristically the nonlinear soliton contributions\nand derive an expression for the distribution in accordance with the directed\npolymer-replica and asymmetric exclusion model results. We also comment on the\ndistribution in higher dimensions.",
        "positive": "Simple model of self-organized biological evolution as completely\n  integrable dissipative system: The Bak-Sneppen model of self-organized biological evolution of an infinite\necosystem of randomly interacting species is represented in terms of an\ninfinite set of variables which can be considered as an analog to the set of\nintegrals of motion of completely integrable system. Each of this variables\nremains to be constant but its influence on the evolution process is restricted\nin time and after definite moment its value is excluded from description of the\nsystem dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on ``Jamming Percolation and Glass Transitions in Lattice\n  Models.'': Toninelli, Biroli, and Fisher recently introduced the knights model, a\ncorrelated percolation system (Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 035702 (2006)). They\nclaimed to prove that the critical point of this model was the same as that for\ndirected percolation, and then used this to show (assuming a conjecture about\ndirected percolation, described later in a more detailed proof) that this model\nhas a discontinuous phase transition with a diverging correlation length.\nHowever, there is an error in their work, so that these results are unproven\nfor their model. Their proofs can, however, be modified to work for a similar\nmodel.",
        "positive": "Percolation threshold on planar Euclidean Gabriel Graphs: In the present article, numerical simulations have been performed to find the\nbond and site percolation thresholds on two-dimensional Gabriel graphs (GG) for\nPoisson point processes. GGs belong to the family of proximity graphs and are\ndiscussed, e.g., in context of the construction of backbones for wireless\nad-hoc networks. In order to find the critical points, finite-size scaling\nanalyses have been performed for several observables. The critical exponents\nobtained this way verify that the associated universality class is that of\nstandard $2D$ percolation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Wave Function Describing Superfluidity in a Perfect Crystal: We propose a many-body wave function that exhibits both diagonal and\noff-diagonal long-range order. Incorporating short-range correlations due to\ninteratomic repulsion, this wave function is shown to allow condensation of\nzero-point lattice vibrations and phase rigidity. In the presence of an\nexternal velocity field, such a perfect crystal will develop non-classical\nrotational inertia, exhibiting the supersolid behavior. In a sample calculation\nwe show that the superfluid fraction in this state can be as large as of order\n0.01 in a reasonable range of microscopic parameters. The relevance to the\nrecent experimental evidence of a supersolid state by Chan and Kim is\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Synchronization in Small-World-Connected Computer Networks: In this thesis we study synchronization phenomena in natural and artificial\ncoupled multi-component systems, applicable to the scalability of parallel\ndiscrete-event simulation for systems with asynchronous dynamics. We analyze\nthe properties of the virtual time horizon or synchronization landscape\n(corresponding to the progress of the processing elements) of these networks by\nusing the framework of non-equilibrium surface growth. When the communication\ntopology mimics that of the short-range interacting underlying system, the\nvirtual time horizon exhibits Kardar-Parisi-Zhang-like kinetic roughening.\nAlthough the virtual times, on average, progress at a nonzero rate, their\nstatistical spread diverges with the number of processing elements, hindering\nefficient data collection. We show that when the synchronization topology is\nextended to include quenched random communication links (small-world links)\nbetween the processing elements, they make a close-to-uniform progress with a\nnonzero rate, without global synchronization. We also provide a coarse-grained\ndescription for the small-world-synchronized virtual-time horizon and compare\nthe findings to those obtained by simulating the simulations based on the exact\nalgorithmic rules. We also present numerical results for the evolution of the\nvirtual-time horizon on scale-free Barabasi-Albert networks serving as\ncommunication topology among the processing elements. Finally, we investigate\nto what extent small-world couplings (extending the original local relaxational\ndynamics through the random links) lead to the suppression of extreme\nfluctuations in the synchronization landscape."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical simulations of the Ising model on the Union Jack lattice: This paper reviews the work of Wu and Lin on the Union Jack lattice Ising\nmodel. This model is of interest as it one of the few to display re-entrant\nphase transitions. Specifically we re-examine their result for the general\nanisotropic sublattice magnetisations, comparing these with the works of Vaks,\nLarkin and Ovchinnikov, and our own numerical simulations. We discuss the\ndisagreements found in both sublattice predictions including non-zero\nantiferromagnetic results and a rotational variance. We will then suggest\nadditional conditions and modified formulae that will allow valid results to be\nproduced.",
        "positive": "Legerdemain in Mathematical Physics: Structure, Tricks, and Lacunae in\n  Derivations of the Partition Function of the Two-Dimensional Ising Model and\n  in Proofs of The Stability of Matter: We review various derivations of the partition function of the\ntwo-dimensional Ising Model of ferromagnetism and proofs of the stability of\nmatter, paying attention to passages where there would appear to be a lacuna\nbetween steps or where the structure of the argument is not so straightforward.\nAuthors cannot include all the intermediate steps, but sometimes most readers\nand especially students will be mystified by such a transition. Moreover,\ncareful consideration of such lacunae points to interesting physics and not\nonly mathematical technology. Also, when reading the original papers, the\nstructure of the physics argument may be buried by the technical moves.\nImprovements in the derivations, in subsequent papers by others, may well be\nclearer and more motivated. But, there is remarkably little written and\npublished about how to read some of the original papers, and the subsequent\nones, yet students and their teachers would often benefit from such guidance. I\nshould note that much of the discussion below will benefit from having those\npapers in front of you."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical quantum phase transitions: a review: Quantum theory provides an extensive framework for the description of the\nequilibrium properties of quantum matter. Yet experiments in quantum simulators\nhave now opened up a route towards generating quantum states beyond this\nequilibrium paradigm. While these states promise to show properties not\nconstrained by equilibrium principles such as the equal a priori probability of\nthe microcanonical ensemble, identifying general properties of nonequilibrium\nquantum dynamics remains a major challenge especially in view of the lack of\nconventional concepts such as free energies. The theory of dynamical quantum\nphase transitions attempts to identify such general principles by lifting the\nconcept of phase transitions to coherent quantum real-time evolution. This\nreview provides a pedagogical introduction to this field. Starting from the\ngeneral setting of nonequilibrium dynamics in closed quantum many-body systems,\nwe give the definition of dynamical quantum phase transitions as phase\ntransitions in time with physical quantities becoming nonanalytic at critical\ntimes. We summarize the achieved theoretical advances as well as the first\nexperimental observations, and furthermore provide an outlook onto major open\nquestions as well as future directions of research.",
        "positive": "Duality relations for M coupled Potts models: We establish explicit duality transformations for systems of M q-state Potts\nmodels coupled through their local energy density, generalising known results\nfor M=1,2,3. The M-dimensional space of coupling constants contains a selfdual\nsub-manifold of dimension D_M = [M/2].\n  For the case M=4, the variation of the effective central charge along the\nselfdual surface is investigated by numerical transfer matrix techniques.\nEvidence is given for the existence of a family of critical points,\ncorresponding to conformal field theories with an extended S_M symmetry\nalgebra."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Excited-State Quantum Phase Transitions in Dicke Superradiance Models: We derive analytical results for various quantities related to the\nexcited-state quantum phase transitions in a class of Dicke superradiance\nmodels in the semiclassical limit. Based on a calculation of a partition sum\nrestricted to Dicke states, we discuss the singular behavior of the derivative\nof the density of states and find observables like the mean (atomic) inversion\nand the boson (photon) number and its fluctuations at arbitrary energies.\nCriticality depends on energy and a parameter that quantifies the relative\nweight of rotating versus counter-rotating terms, and we find a close analogy\nto the logarithmic and jump-type non-analyticities known from the\nLipkin-Meshkov-Glick model.",
        "positive": "On the coexistence of competing languages: We investigate the evolution of competing languages, a subject where much\nprevious literature suggests that the outcome is always the domination of one\nlanguage over all the others. Since coexistence of languages is observed in\nreality, we here revisit the question of language competition, with an emphasis\non uncovering the ways in which coexistence might emerge. We find that this\nemergence is related to symmetry breaking, and explore two particular scenarios\n-- the first relating to an imbalance in the population dynamics of language\nspeakers in a single geographical area, and the second to do with spatial\nheterogeneity, where language preferences are specific to different\ngeographical regions. For each of these, the investigation of paradigmatic\nsituations leads us to a quantitative understanding of the conditions leading\nto language coexistence. We also obtain predictions of the number of surviving\nlanguages as a function of various model parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Choosing restart strategy at partial knowledge of process statistics: Optimization of a random processes by restart is a subject of active\ntheoretical research in statistical physics and has long found practical\napplication in computer science. Meanwhile, one of the key issues remains\nlargely unsolved: when should we restart a process whose detailed statistics\nare unknown to ensure that our intervention will improve performance?\nAddressing this query here we propose several constructive criteria for the\neffectiveness of various protocols of non-instantaneous restart in the mean\ncompletion time problem and in the success probability problem. Being expressed\nin terms of a small number of easily estimated statistical characteristics of\nthe original process, these criteria allow informed restart decision based on\npartial information.",
        "positive": "Apparent superballistic dynamics in one-dimensional random walks with\n  biased detachment: The mean-squared displacement (MSD) is an averaged quantity widely used to\nassess anomalous diffusion. In many cases, such as molecular motors with finite\nprocessivity, dynamics of the system of interest produce trajectories of\nvarying duration. Here we explore the effects of finite processivity on\ndifferent measures of the MSD. We do so by investigating a deceptively simple\ndynamical system: a one-dimensional random walk (with equidistant jump lengths,\nsymmetric move probabilities, and constant step duration) with an\norigin-directed detachment bias. By tuning the time dependence of the\ndetachment bias, we find through analytical calculations and trajectory\nsimulations that the system can exhibit a broad range of anomalous diffusion,\nextending beyond conventional diffusion to superdiffusion and even\nsuperballistic motion. We analytically determine that protocols with a\ntime-increasing detachment lead to an ensemble-averaged velocity increasing in\ntime, thereby providing the effective acceleration that is required to push the\nsystem above the ballistic threshold. MSD analysis of burnt-bridges ratchets\nsimilarly reveals superballistic behavior. Because superdiffusive MSDs are\noften used to infer biased, motor-like dynamics, these findings provide a\ncautionary tale for dynamical interpretation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mixing times and cutoffs in open quadratic fermionic systems: In classical probability theory, the term \"cutoff\" describes the property of\nsome Markov chains to jump from (close to) their initial configuration to\n(close to) completely mixed in a very narrow window of time. We investigate how\ncoherent quantum evolution affects the mixing properties in two fermionic\nquantum models (the \"gain/loss\" and \"topological\" models), whose time evolution\nis governed by a Lindblad equation quadratic in fermionic operators, allowing\nfor a straightforward exact solution. We check that the phenomenon of cutoff\nextends to the quantum case and examine with some care how the mixing\nproperties depend on the initial state, drawing different regimes of our models\nwith qualitatively different behaviour. In the topological case, we further\nshow how the mixing properties are affected by the presence of a long-lived\nedge zero mode when taking open boundary conditions.",
        "positive": "Out-of-equilibrium bosons on a one-dimensional optical random lattice: We study the transport properties of a one-dimensional hard-core boson\nlattice gas coupled to two particle reservoirs at different chemical potentials\ngenerating a current flow through the system. In particular, the influence of\nrandom fluctuations of the underlying lattice on the stationary state\nproperties is investigated. We show analytically that the steady-state density\npresents a linear profile. The local steady-state current obeys the Fourier law\n$j=-\\kappa(\\tau)\\nabla \\rho $ where $\\tau$ is a typical timescale of the\nlattice fluctuations and $\\nabla \\rho$ the density gradient imposed %on the\nsystem by the reservoirs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetization curves and low-temperature thermodynamics of two spin-1/2\n  Heisenberg edge-shared tetrahedra: A full energy spectrum, magnetization and susceptibility of a spin-1/2\nHeisenberg model on two edge-shared tetrahedra are exactly calculated by\nassuming two different coupling constants. It is shown that a ground state in\nzero field is either a singlet or a triplet state depending on a relative\nstrength of both coupling constants. Low-temperature magnetization curves may\nexhibit three different sequences of intermediate plateaux at the following\nfractional values of the saturation magnetization: 1/3-2/3-1, 0-1/3-2/3-1 or\n0-2/3-1. The inverse susceptibility displays a marked temperature dependence\nsignificantly influenced by a character of the zero-field ground state. The\nobtained theoretical results are confronted with recent high-field\nmagnetization data of the mineral crystal fedotovite K2Cu3(SO4)3.",
        "positive": "The length and time scales of water's glass transitions: Using a general model for the equilibrium dynamics of supercooled liquids, I\ncompute from molecular properties the emergent length and time scales that\ngovern the nonequilibrium relaxation behavior of amorphous ice prepared by\nrapid cooling. Upon cooling, the liquid water falls out of equilibrium whereby\nthe temperature dependence of its relaxation time is predicted to change from\nsuper-Arrhenius to Arrhenius. A consequence of this crossover is that the\nlocation of the apparent glass transition temperature depends logarithmically\non cooling rate. Accompanying vitrification is the emergence of a dynamical\nlength-scale, the size of which depends on the cooling rate and varies between\nangstroms and 10s of nanometers. While this protocol dependence clarifies a\nnumber of previous experimental observations for amorphous ice, the arguments\nare general and can be extended to other glass forming liquids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Beyond the single-file fluid limit using transfer matrix method: Exact\n  results for confined parallel hard squares: We extend the transfer matrix method of one-dimensional hard core fluids\nplaced between confining walls for that case where the particles can pass each\nother and at most two layers can form. We derive an eigenvalue equation for a\nquasi-one-dimensional system of hard squares confined between two parallel\nwalls, where the pore width is between $\\sigma$ and $3\\sigma$ ( $\\sigma$ is the\nside length of the square). The exact equation of state and the nearest\nneighbour distribution functions show three different structures: a fluid phase\nwith one layer, a fluid phase with two layers and a solid-like structure where\nthe fluid layers are strongly correlated. The structural transition between\ndifferently ordered fluids develops continuously with increasing density, i.e.\nno thermodynamic phase transition occurs. The high density structure of the\nsystem consists of clusters with two layers which are broken with particles\nstaying in the middle of the pore.",
        "positive": "Modified semiclassical approximation for trapped Bose gases: A generalization of the semiclassical approximation is suggested allowing for\nan essential extension of its region of applicability. In particular, it\nbecomes possible to describe Bose-Einstein condensation of a trapped gas in\nlow-dimensional traps and in traps of low confining dimensions, for which the\nstandard semiclassical approximation is not applicable. The results of the\nmodified approach are shown to coincide with purely quantum-mechanical\ncalculations for harmonic traps, including the one-dimensional harmonic trap.\nThe advantage of the semiclassical approximation is in its simplicity and\ngenerality. Power-law potentials of arbitrary powers are considered. Effective\nthermodynamic limit is defined for any confining dimension. The behaviour of\nthe specific heat, isothermal compressibility, and density fluctuations is\nanalyzed, with an emphasis on low confining dimensions, where the usual\nsemiclassical method fails. The peculiarities of the thermodynamic\ncharacteristics in the effective thermodynamic limit are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bead-rod-spring models in random flows: Bead-rod-spring models are the foundation of the kinetic theory of polymer\nsolutions. We derive the diffusion equation for the probability density\nfunction of the configuration of a general bead-rod-spring model in\nshort-correlated Gaussian random flows. Under isotropic conditions, we solve\nthis equation analytically for the elastic rhombus model introduced by Curtiss,\nBird, and Hassager [Adv. Chem. Phys. 35 (1976), pp. 31-117].",
        "positive": "Inverse scattering solution of the weak noise theory of the\n  Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation with flat and Brownian initial conditions: We present the solution of the weak noise theory (WNT) for the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang equation in one dimension at short time for flat initial\ncondition (IC). The non-linear hydrodynamic equations of the WNT are solved\nanalytically through a connexion to the Zakharov-Shabat (ZS) system using its\nclassical integrability. This approach is based on a recently developed\nFredholm determinant framework previously applied to the droplet IC. The flat\nIC provides the case for a non-vanishing boundary condition of the ZS system\nand yields a richer solitonic structure comprising the appearance of multiple\nbranches of the Lambert function. As a byproduct, we obtain the explicit\nsolution of the WNT for the Brownian IC, which undergoes a dynamical phase\ntransition. We elucidate its mechanism by showing that the related spontaneous\nbreaking of the spatial symmetry arises from the interplay between two solitons\nwith different rapidities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonergodic dynamics of force-free granular gases: We study analytically and by event-driven molecular dynamics simulations the\nnonergodic and aging properties of force-free cooling granular gases with both\nconstant and velocity-dependent (viscoelastic) restitution coefficient\n$\\varepsilon$ for particle pair collisions. We compare the granular gas\ndynamics with an effective single particle stochastic model based on an\nunderdamped Langevin equation with time dependent diffusivity. We find that\nboth models share the same behavior of the ensemble mean squared displacement\n(MSD) and the velocity correlations in the small dissipation limit. However, we\nreveal that the time averaged MSD of granular gas particles significantly\ndiffers from this effective model due to ballistic correlations for systems\nwith constant $\\varepsilon$. For velocity-dependent $\\varepsilon$ these\ncorrections become weaker at longer times. Qualitatively the reported\nnon-ergodic behavior is generic for granular gases with any realistic\ndependence of $\\varepsilon$ on the impact velocity.",
        "positive": "Finite Volume Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami Theory: We study Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (KJMA) theory of phase conversion in\nfinite volumes. For the conversion time we find the relationship $\\tau_{\\rm\ncon} = \\tau_{\\rm nu} [1+f_d(q)]$. Here $d$ is the space dimension, $\\tau_{\\rm\nnu}$ the nucleation time in the volume $V$, and $f_d(q)$ a scaling function.\nIts dimensionless argument is $q=\\tau_{\\rm ex}/ \\tau_{\\rm nu}$, where\n$\\tau_{\\rm ex}$ is an expansion time, defined to be proportional to the\ndiameter of the volume divided by expansion speed. We calculate $f_d(q)$ in\none, two and three dimensions. The often considered limits of phase conversion\nvia either nucleation or spinodal decomposition are found to be volume-size\ndependent concepts, governed by simple power laws for $f_d(q)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Macroscopic glassy relaxations and microscopic motions in a Frustrated\n  Lattice Gas: We study microscopic and macroscopic dynamical properties of a frustrated\nlattice gas, strictly related to usual spin glasses, showing the violation of\nStokes-Einstein law. The glassy behaviors are analyzed and related with\nexperimental results in glass former systems.",
        "positive": "High-temperature expansion for Ising models on quasiperiodic tilings: We consider high-temperature expansions for the free energy of zero-field\nIsing models on planar quasiperiodic graphs. For the Penrose and the octagonal\nAmmann-Beenker tiling, we compute the expansion coefficients up to 18th order.\nAs a by-product, we obtain exact vertex-averaged numbers of self-avoiding\npolygons on these quasiperiodic graphs. In addition, we analyze periodic\napproximants by computing the partition function via the Kac-Ward determinant.\nFor the critical properties, we find complete agreement with the commonly\naccepted conjecture that the models under consideration belong to the same\nuniversality class as those on periodic two-dimensional lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical study of a first-order irreversible phase transition in a\n  CO+NO catalyzed reaction model: The first-order irreversible phase transitions (IPT) of the Yaldran-Khan\nmodel (Yaldran-Khan, J. Catal. 131, 369, 1991) for the CO+NO reaction is\nstudied using the constant coverage (CC) ensemble and performing epidemic\nsimulations. The CC method allows the study of hysteretic effects close to\ncoexistence as well as the location of both the upper spinodal point and the\ncoexistence point. Epidemic studies show that at coexistence the number of\nactive sites decreases according to a (short-time) power law followed by a\n(long-time) exponential decay. It is concluded that first-order IPT's share\nmany characteristic of their reversible counterparts, such as the development\nof short ranged correlations, hysteretic effects, metastabilities, etc.",
        "positive": "The dynamic critical exponent $z$ of the three-dimensional Ising\n  universality class: Monte Carlo simulations of the improved Blume-Capel model: We study purely dissipative relaxational dynamics in the three-dimensional\nIsing universality class. To this end, we simulate the improved Blume-Capel\nmodel on the simple cubic lattice by using local algorithms. We perform a\nfinite size scaling analysis of the integrated autocorrelation time of the\nmagnetic susceptibility in equilibrium at the critical point. We obtain\n$z=2.0245(15)$ for the dynamic critical exponent. As a complement, fully\nmagnetized configurations are suddenly quenched to the critical temperature,\ngiving consistent results for the dynamic critical exponent. Furthermore, our\nestimate of $z$ is fully consistent with recent field theoretic results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ternary unitary quantum lattice models and circuits in $2 + 1$\n  dimensions: We extend the concept of dual unitary quantum gates to quantum lattice models\nin $2 + 1$ dimensions, by introducing and studying ternary unitary\nfour-particle gates, which are unitary in time and both spatial dimensions.\nWhen used as building blocks of lattice models with periodic boundary\nconditions in time and space (corresponding to infinite temperature states),\ndynamical correlation functions exhibit a light-ray structure. We also\ngeneralize solvable MPS to two spatial dimensions with cylindrical boundary\nconditions, by showing that the analogous solvable PEPS can be identified with\nmatrix product unitaries. In the resulting tensor network for evaluating\nequal-time correlation functions, the bulk ternary unitary gates cancel out. We\ndelineate and implement a numerical algorithm for computing such correlations\nby contracting the remaining tensors.",
        "positive": "Localization from Hilbert space shattering: from theory to physical\n  realizations: We show how a finite number of conservation laws can globally `shatter'\nHilbert space into exponentially many dynamically disconnected subsectors,\nleading to an unexpected dynamics with features reminiscent of both many body\nlocalization and quantum scars. A crisp example of this phenomenon is provided\nby a `fractonic' model of quantum dynamics constrained to conserve both charge\nand dipole moment. We show how the Hilbert space of the fractonic model\ndynamically fractures into disconnected emergent subsectors within a particular\ncharge and dipole symmetry sector. This shattering can occur in arbitrary\nspatial dimensions. A large number of the emergent subsectors, exponentially\nmany in system volume, have dimension one and exhibit strictly localized\nquantum dynamics---even in the absence of spatial disorder and in the presence\nof temporal noise. Other emergent subsectors display non-trivial dynamics and\nmay be constructed by embedding finite sized non-trivial blocks into the\nlocalized subspace. While `fractonic' models provide a particularly clean\nrealization, the shattering phenomenon is more general, as we discuss. We also\ndiscuss how the key phenomena may be readily observed in near term ultracold\natom experiments. In experimental realizations, the conservation laws are\napproximate rather than exact, so the localization only survives up to a\nprethermal timescale that we estimate. We comment on the implications of these\nresults for recent predictions of Bloch/Stark many-body localization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Directed abelian algebras and their applications to stochastic models: To each directed acyclic graph (this includes some D-dimensional lattices)\none can associate some abelian algebras that we call directed abelian algebras\n(DAA). On each site of the graph one attaches a generator of the algebra. These\nalgebras depend on several parameters and are semisimple. Using any DAA one can\ndefine a family of Hamiltonians which give the continuous time evolution of a\nstochastic process. The calculation of the spectra and ground state\nwavefunctions (stationary states probability distributions) is an easy\nalgebraic exercise. If one considers D-dimensional lattices and choose\nHamiltonians linear in the generators, in the finite-size scaling the\nHamiltonian spectrum is gapless with a critical dynamic exponent $z = D$. One\npossible application of the DAA is to sandpile models. In the paper we present\nthis application considering one and two dimensional lattices. In the one\ndimensional case, when the DAA conserves the number of particles, the\navalanches belong to the random walker universality class (critical exponent\n$\\sigma_{\\tau} = 3/2$). We study the local densityof particles inside large\navalanches showing a depletion of particles at the source of the avalanche and\nan enrichment at its end. In two dimensions we did extensive Monte-Carlo\nsimulations and found $\\sigma_{\\tau} = 1.782 \\pm 0.005$.",
        "positive": "The synchronization transition in correlated oscillator populations: The synchronization transition of correlated ensembles of coupled Kuramoto\noscillators on sparse random networks is investigated. Extensive numerical\nsimulations show that correlations between the native frequencies of adjacent\noscillators on the network systematically shift the critical point as well as\nthe critical exponents characterizing the transition. Negative correlations\nimply an onset of synchronization for smaller coupling, whereas positive\ncorrelations shift the critical coupling towards larger interaction strengths.\nFor negatively correlated oscillators the transition still exhibits critical\nbehaviour similar to the all-to-all coupled Kuramoto system, while positive\ncorrelations change the universality class of the transition depending on the\ncorrelation strength. Crucially, the paper demonstrates that the\nsynchronization behaviour is not only determined by the coupling architecture,\nbut is also strongly influenced by the oscillator placement on the coupling\nnetwork."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Solution of the Discrete (1+1)-dimensional RSOS Model in a Slit\n  with Field and Wall Interactions: We present the solution of a linear Restricted Solid--on--Solid (RSOS) model\nconfined to a slit. We include a field-like energy, which equivalently weights\nthe area under the interface, and also include independent interaction terms\nwith both walls. This model can also be mapped to a lattice polymer model of\nMotzkin paths in a slit interacting with both walls and including an osmotic\npressure. This work generalises previous work on the RSOS model in the\nhalf-plane which has a solution that was shown recently to exhibit a novel\nmathematical structure involving basic hypergeometric functions ${}_3\\phi_2$.\nBecause of the mathematical relationship between half-plane and slit this work\nhence effectively explores the underlying $q$-orthogonal polynomial structure\nto that solution. It also generalises two other recent works: one on Dyck paths\nweighted with an osmotic pressure in a slit and another concerning Motzkin\npaths without an osmotic pressure term in a slit.",
        "positive": "Critical behavior of two freely evolving granular gases separated by an\n  adiabatic piston: Two granular gases separated by an adiabatic piston and initially in the same\nmacroscopic state are considered. It is found that a phase transition with an\nspontaneous symmetry breaking occurs. When the mass of the piston is increased\nbeyond a critical value, the piston moves to a stationary position different\nfrom the middle of the system. The transition is accurately described by a\nsimple kinetic model that takes into account the velocity fluctuations of the\npiston. Interestingly, the final state is not characterized by the equality of\nthe temperatures of the subsystems but by the cooling rates being the same.\nSome relevant consequences of this feature are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simulating the initial growth of a deposit from colloidal suspensions: We study the short time properties of a two-dimensional film growth model in\nwhich incident particles execute advective-diffusive motion with a vertical\nstep followed by $D$ horizontal steps. The model represents some features of\nthe deposition of anisotropic colloidal particles of the experiment in Phys.\nRev. Lett. {\\bf 110}, 035501 (2013), in which wandering particles are attracted\nto particle-rich regions in the deposit. Height profiles changing from rough to\ncolumnar structure are observed as $D$ increases from $0$ (ballistic\ndeposition) to $8$, with striking similarity to the experimental ones. The\neffective growth exponents matches the experimental estimates and the scaling\nof those exponents on $D$ show a remarkable effect of the range of the\nparticle-deposit interaction. The nearly ellipsoidal shape of colloidal\nparticles is represented for the calculation of roughness exponents in\nconditions that parallel the experimental ones, giving a range of estimates\nthat also include the experimental values. The effective dynamic exponents\ncalculated from the autocorrelation function are shown to be suitable to decide\nbetween a true dynamic scaling or transient behavior, particularly because the\nlatter leads to deviations in an exponent relation. These results are\nconsistent with arguments on short time unstable (columnar) growth of Phys.\nRev. Lett {\\bf 111}, 209601 (2013), indicating that critical quenched KPZ\ndynamics does not explain that colloidal particle deposition problem.",
        "positive": "A general geometric growth model for pseudofractal scale-free web: We propose a general geometric growth model for pseudofractal scale-free web,\nwhich is controlled by two tunable parameters. We derive exactly the main\ncharacteristics of the networks: degree distribution, second moment of degree\ndistribution, degree correlations, distribution of clustering coefficient, as\nwell as the diameter, which are partially determined by the parameters.\nAnalytical results show that the resulting networks are disassortative and\nfollow power-law degree distributions, with a more general degree exponent\ntuned from 2 to $1+\\frac{\\ln3}{\\ln2}$; the clustering coefficient of each\nindividual node is inversely proportional to its degree and the average\nclustering coefficient of all nodes approaches to a large nonzero value in the\ninfinite network order; the diameter grows logarithmically with the number of\nnetwork nodes. All these reveal that the networks described by our model have\nsmall-world effect and scale-free topology."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover from Attractive to Repulsive Casimir Forces and Vice Versa: Systems described by an O(n) symmetrical $\\phi^4$ Hamiltonian are considered\nin a $d$-dimensional film geometry at their bulk critical points. The critical\nCasimir forces between the film's boundary planes $\\mathfrak{B}_j, j=1,2$, are\ninvestigated as functions of film thickness $L$ for generic symmetry-preserving\nboundary conditions $\\partial_n\\bm{\\phi}=\\mathring{c}_j\\bm{\\phi}$. The\n$L$-dependent part of the reduced excess free energy per cross-sectional area\ntakes the scaling form $f_{\\text{res}}\\approx\nD(c_1L^{\\Phi/\\nu},c_2L^{\\Phi/\\nu})/L^{d-1}$ when $d<4$, where $c_i$ are scaling\nfields associated with the variables $\\mathring{c}_i$, and $\\Phi$ is a surface\ncrossover exponent. Explicit two-loop renormalization group results for the\nfunction $D(\\mathsf{c}_1,\\mathsf{c}_2)$ at $d=4-\\epsilon$ dimensions are\npresented. These show that (i) the Casimir force can have either sign,\ndepending on $\\mathsf{c}_1$ and $\\mathsf{c}_2$, and (ii) for appropriate\nchoices of the enhancements $\\mathring{c}_j$, crossovers from attraction to\nrepulsion and vice versa occur as $L$ increases.",
        "positive": "Quantum Phase Transition in Fully-Connected Quantum Wajnflasz-Pick Model: We construct a quantum Wajnflasz-Pick model that is a generalized quantum\nIsing model, and investigate a nature of quantum phase transitions of the model\nwith infinite-range interactions. Quantum phase transition phenomena have drawn\nattention in the field of quantum computing as well as condensed matter\nphysics, since the phenomena are closely related to the performance of quantum\nannealing (QA) and adiabatic quantum computation (AQC). We add a quantum driver\nHamiltonian to the Hamiltonian of classical Wajnflasz-Pick model. The classical\nWajnflasz-Pick model consists of two-level systems as with the usual Ising\nmodel. Unlike the usual Ising spin, each of the upper and the lower levels of\nthe system can be degenerate. The states in the upper level and the lower level\nare referred to as upper states and lower states, respectively. The quantum\ndriver Hamiltonian we introduced causes spin flip between the upper and the\nlower states and state transitions within each of the upper and the lower\nstates. Numerical analysis showed that the model undergoes first-order phase\ntransitions whereas a corresponding quantum Ising model, quantum Curie-Weiss\nmodel, does not undergo first-order phase transitions. In particular, we\nobserved an anomalous phenomenon that the system undergoes successive\nfirst-order phase transitions under certain conditions. The obtained results\nindicate that the performance of QA and AQC by using degenerate two-level\nsystems can be controlled by the parameters in the systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Precursory dynamics in threshold systems: A precursory dynamics, motivated by the analysis of recent experiments on\nsolid-on-solid friction, is introduced in a continuous cellular automaton that\nmimics the essential physical contents of earthquake source processes. The\nresulting system of equations for the inter-event cycle can be decoupled and\nyields an analytical solution in the mean-field limit, exhibiting a smoothing\neffect of the dynamics on the stress field. Simulation results show the\nresulting departure from scaling at the large-event end of the frequency\ndistribution, and support claims that the field leakage may parametrize the\nsuperposition of scaling and characteristic regimes observed in real earthquake\nfaults.",
        "positive": "The dynamics of sodium in sodium disilicate: Channel relaxation and\n  sodium diffusion: We use molecular dynamics computer simulations to study the dynamics of\namorphous (Na_2O)2(SiO_2). We find that the Na ions move in channels embedded\nin a SiO_2 matrix. The characteristic distance between these channels gives\nrise to a prepeak in the structure factor at around q=0.95 A^-1. The dynamics\nof sodium is given by a fast process which can be seen in the incoherent\nscattering function and a slow process which is seen in the coherent function.\nThe relaxation time of the latter coincides with the alpha-relaxation time of\nthe matrix. The Kohlrausch exponent of the fast process for q>1.6 A^1 is the\nsame as the von Schweidler exponent for the slow one, demonstrating that the\ntwo processes are closely related."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized symmetric nonextensive thermostatistics and q-modified\n  structures: We formulate a convenient generalization of the q-expectation value, based on\nthe analogy of the symmetric quantum groups and q-calculus, and show that the\nq->q^{-1} symmetric nonextensive entropy preserves all of the mathematical\nstructure of thermodynamics just as in the case of non-symmetric Tsallis\nstatistics. Basic properties and analogies with quantum groups are discussed.",
        "positive": "Exponents and bounds for uniform spanning trees in d dimensions: Uniform spanning trees are a statistical model obtained by taking the set of\nall spanning trees on a given graph (such as a portion of a cubic lattice in d\ndimensions), with equal probability for each distinct tree. Some properties of\nsuch trees can be obtained in terms of the Laplacian matrix on the graph, by\nusing Grassmann integrals. We use this to obtain exact exponents that bound\nthose for the power-law decay of the probability that k distinct branches of\nthe tree pass close to each of two distinct points, as the size of the lattice\ntends to infinity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic energy functional for Fermi vapors in spherical harmonic\n  confinement: Two equations are constructed which reflect, for fermions moving\nindependently in a spherical harmonic potential, a differential virial theorem\nand a relation between the turning points of kinetic energy and particle\ndensities. These equations are used to derive a differential equation for the\nparticle density and a non-local kinetic energy functional.",
        "positive": "When opposites repel: from metastability to extended chiral spin\n  textures in spin ice with short-range topological-defect interactions: We study the interplay of topological bottlenecks and energetic barriers to\nequilibration in a Coulomb spin liquid where a short-range energetic coupling\nbetween defects charged under an emergent gauge field supplements their\nentropic long-range Coulomb interaction. This work is motivated by the\nprevalence of memory effects observed across a wide range of geometrically\nfrustrated magnetic materials, possibly including the spontaneous Hall effect\nobserved in Pr2Ir2O7. Our model is canonical spin-ice model on the pyrochlore\nlattice, where farther-neighbour spin couplings give rise to a nearest-neighbor\ninteraction between topological defects which can easily be chosen to be\nunnatural or not, i.e. attractive or repulsive between defects of equal gauge\ncharge. Among the novel features of this model are the following. After\napplying a field quench, a rich dynamical approach to equilibrium emerges,\ndominated by multi-scale energy barriers responsible for long-lived\nmagnetization plateaux. These even allow for the metastability of a\n\"fragmented\" spin liquid, an elusive regime where partial order co-exists with\na spin liquid. Perhaps most strikingly, the attraction produces clusters of\ndefects whose stability is due to a combination of energetic barriers for their\nbreak-up and proximity of opposite charges along with an entropic barrier\ngenerated by the topological requirement of annihilating a defect only together\nwith an oppositely charged counterpart. These clusters may take the form of a\n\"jellyfish\" spin texture, comprising an arrangement of same-sign gauge-charges,\ncentered on a hexagonal ring with branches of arbitrary length. The ring\ncarries a clockwise or counterclockwise circular flow of magnetisation. This\nemergent toroidal degrees of freedom provides a possibility for time reversal\nsymmetry breaking with possible relevance to the spontaneous Hall effect\nobserved in Pr2Ir2O7."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Directed Polymer -- Directed Percolation Transition: We study the relation between the directed polymer and the directed\npercolation models, for the case of a disordered energy landscape where the\nenergies are taken from bimodal distribution. We find that at the critical\nconcentration of the directed percolation, the directed polymer undergoes a\ntransition from the directed polymer universality class to the directed\npercolation universality class. We also find that directed percolation clusters\naffect the characterisrics of the directed polymer below the critical\nconcentration.",
        "positive": "Clusters in Simple Fluids: This article concerns the correspondence between thermodynamics and the\nmorphology of simple fluids in terms of clusters. Definitions of clusters\nproviding a geometric interpretation of the liquid-gas phase transition are\nreviewed with an eye to establishing their physical relevance. The author\nemphasizes their main features and basic hypotheses, and shows how these\ndefinitions lead to a recent approach based on self-bound clusters. Although\ntheoretical, this tutorial review is also addressed to readers interested in\nexperimental aspects of clustering in simple fluids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium forces following quenches in active and thermal matter: Non-equilibrium systems are known to exhibit long-ranged correlations due to\nconservation of quantities like density or momentum. This, in turn, leads to\nlong-ranged fluctuation-induced (Casimir) forces, predicted to arise in a\nvariety of non-equilibrium settings. Here, we study such forces, which arise\ntransiently between parallel plates or compact inclusions in a gas of\nparticles, following a change (\"quench\") in temperature or activity of the\nmedium. Analytical calculations, as well as numerical simulations of passive or\nactive Brownian particles, indicate two distinct forces: (i) The immediate\neffect of the quench is adsorption or desorption of particles of the medium to\nthe immersed objects, which in turn initiates a front of relaxing (mean)\ndensity. This leads to time-dependent {\\it density-induced forces}. (ii) A\nlong-term effect of the quench is that density fluctuations are modified,\nmanifested as transient (long-ranged) (pair-)correlations that relax\ndiffusively to their (short-ranged) steady-state limit. As a result, transient\n{\\it fluctuation-induced forces} emerge. We discuss the properties of\nfluctuation-induced and density-induced forces as regards universality,\nrelaxation as a function of time, and scaling with distance between objects.\nTheir distinct signatures allow us to distinguish the two types of forces in\nsimulation data. Finally, we propose several scenarios for their experimental\nobservation.",
        "positive": "Thermostatistics of extensive and non-extensive systems using\n  generalized entropies: We describe in detail two numerical simulation methods valid to study systems\nwhose thermostatistics is described by generalized entropies, such as Tsallis.\nThe methods are useful for applications to non-trivial interacting systems with\na large number of degrees of freedom, and both short-range and long-range\ninteractions. The first method is quite general and it is based on the\nnumerical evaluation of the density of states with a given energy. The second\nmethod is more specific for Tsallis thermostatistics and it is based on a\nstandard Monte Carlo Metropolis algorithm along with a numerical integration\nprocedure. We show here that both methods are robust and efficient. We present\nresults of the application of the methods to the one-dimensional Ising model\nboth in a short-range case and in a long-range (non-extensive) case. We show\nthat the thermodynamic potentials for different values of the system size N and\ndifferent values of the non-extensivity parameter q can be described by scaling\nrelations which are an extension of the ones holding for the Boltzmann-Gibbs\nstatistics (q=1). Finally, we discuss the differences in using standard or\nnon-standard mean value definitions in the Tsallis thermostatistics formalism\nand present a microcanonical ensemble calculation approach of the averages."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite Size Effects for the Ising Model on Random Graphs with Varying\n  Dilution: We investigate the finite size corrections to the equilibrium magnetization\nof an Ising model on a random graph with $N$ nodes and $N^{\\gamma}$ edges, with\n$1 < \\gamma \\leq 2$. By conveniently rescaling the coupling constant, the free\nenergy is made extensive. As expected, the system displays a phase transition\nof the mean-field type for all the considered values of $\\gamma$ at the\ntransition temperature of the fully connected Curie-Weiss model. Finite size\ncorrections are investigated for different values of the parameter $\\gamma$,\nusing two different approaches: a replica-based finite $N$ expansion, and a\ncavity method. Numerical simulations are compared with theoretical predictions.\nThe cavity based analysis is shown to agree better with numerics.",
        "positive": "An introduction to nonadditive entropies and a thermostatistical\n  approach of inanimate and living matter: The possible distinction between inanimate and living matter has been of\ninterest to humanity since thousands of years. Clearly, such a rich question\ncan not be answered in a single manner, and a plethora of approaches naturally\ndo exist. However, during the last two decades, a new standpoint, of\nthermostatistical nature, has emerged. It is related to the proposal of\nnonadditive entropies in 1988, in order to generalise the celebrated\nBoltzmann-Gibbs additive functional, basis of standard statistical mechanics.\nSuch entropies have found deep fundamental interest and uncountable\napplications in natural, artificial and social systems. In some sense, this\nperspective represents an epistemological paradigm shift. These entropies\ncrucially concern complex systems, in particular those whose microscopic\ndynamics violate ergodicity. Among those, living matter and other living-like\nsystems play a central role. We briefly review here this approach, and present\nsome of its predictions, verifications and applications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase-ordering dynamics in itinerant quantum ferromagnets: The phase-ordering dynamics that result from domain coarsening are considered\nfor itinerant quantum ferromagnets. The fluctuation effects that invalidate the\nHertz theory of the quantum phase transition also affect the phase ordering.\nFor a quench into the ordered phase a transient regime appears, where the\ndomain growth follows a different power law than in the classical case, and for\nasymptotically long times the prefactor of the t^{1/2} growth law has an\nanomalous magnetization dependence. A quench to the quantum critical point\nresults in a growth law that is not a power-law function of time. Both\nphenomenological scaling arguments and renormalization-group arguments are\ngiven to derive these results, and estimates of experimentally relevant length\nand time scales are presented.",
        "positive": "Classical dynamical coarse-grained entropy and comparison with the\n  quantum version: We develop the framework of classical Observational entropy, which is a\nmathematically rigorous and precise framework for non-equilibrium\nthermodynamics, explicitly defined in terms of a set of observables.\nObservational entropy can be seen as a generalization of Boltzmann entropy to\nsystems with indeterminate initial conditions, and describes the knowledge\nachievable about the system by a macroscopic observer with limited measurement\ncapabilities; it becomes Gibbs entropy in the limit of perfectly fine-grained\nmeasurements. This quantity, while previously mentioned in the literature, has\nbeen investigated in detail only in the quantum case. We describe this\nframework reasonably pedagogically, then show that in this framework, certain\nchoices of coarse-graining lead to an entropy that is well-defined out of\nequilibrium, additive on independent systems, and that grows towards\nthermodynamic entropy as the system reaches equilibrium, even for systems that\nare genuinely isolated. Choosing certain macroscopic regions, this dynamical\nthermodynamic entropy measures how close these regions are to thermal\nequilibrium. We also show that in the given formalism, the correspondence\nbetween classical entropy (defined on classical phase space) and quantum\nentropy (defined on Hilbert space) becomes surprisingly direct and transparent,\nwhile manifesting differences stemming from non-commutativity of\ncoarse-grainings and from non-existence of a direct classical analogue of\nquantum energy eigenstates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal spectral features of different classes of random diffusivity\n  processes: .Stochastic models based on random diffusivities, such as the\ndiffusing-diffusivity approach, are popular concepts for the description of\nnon-Gaussian diffusion in heterogeneous media. Studies of these models\ntypically focus on the moments and the displacement probability density\nfunction. Here we develop the complementary power spectral description for a\nbroad class of random diffusivity processes. In our approach we cater for\ntypical single particle tracking data in which a small number of trajectories\nwith finite duration are garnered. Apart from the diffusing-diffusivity model\nwe study a range of previously unconsidered random diffusivity processes, for\nwhich we obtain exact forms of the probability density function. These new\nprocesses are different versions of jump processes as well as functionals of\nBrownian motion. The resulting behaviour subtly depends on the specific model\ndetails. Thus, the central part of the probability density function may be\nGaussian or non-Gaussian, and the tails may assume Gaussian, exponential,\nlog-normal or even power-law forms. For all these models we derive analytically\nthe moment-generating function for the single-trajectory power spectral\ndensity. We establish the generic $1/f^2$-scaling of the power spectral density\nas function of frequency in all cases. Moreover, we establish the probability\ndensity for the amplitudes of the random power spectral density of individual\ntrajectories. The latter functions reflect the very specific properties of the\ndifferent random diffusivity models considered here. Our exact results are in\nexcellent agreement with extensive numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Phase coherence of pairs of Cooper pairs as quasi-long-range order of\n  half-vortex pairs in a two-dimensional bilayer system: It is known that the loss of phase coherence of Cooper pairs in\ntwo-dimensional (2D) superconductivity corresponds to the unbinding of\nvortex-antivortex pairs with the quasi-long-range order (quasi-LRO) in the\norder-parameter phase field, described by the Berezinskii-Kosterlizt-Thouless\n(BKT) transition of a 2D XY model. Here we show that the second-order Josephson\ncoupling can induce an exotic superconducting phase in a bilayer system. By\nusing tensor-network methods, the partition function of the 2D classical model\nis expressed as a product of 1D quantum transfer operator, whose eigen-equation\ncan be solved by an algorithm of matrix product states rigorously. From the\nsingularity shown by the entanglement entropy of the 1D quantum analogue,\nvarious phase transitions can be accurately determined. Below the BKT phase\ntransition, an inter-layer Ising long-range order is established at\n$T_{Ising}$, and the phase coherence of both intra-layers and inter-layers is\nlocked together. For two identical layers, the Ising transition coincides with\nthe BKT transition at a multi-critical point. For two inequivalent layers,\nhowever, there emerges an intermediate quasi-LRO phase ($T_{Ising}<T<T_{BKT}$),\nwhere the vortex-antivortex bindings occur in the layer with the larger\nintra-layer coupling, but only half-vortex pairs with topological strings exist\nin the other layer, corresponding to the phase coherence of pairs of Cooper\npairs. So our study provides a promising way to realize the charge-4e\nsuperconductivity in a bilayer system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations and response of nonequilibrium states: A generalized fluctuation-response relation is found for thermal systems\ndriven out of equilibrium. Its derivation is independent of many details of the\ndynamics, which is only required to be first-order. The result gives a\ncorrection to the equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation theorem, in terms of the\ncorrelation between observable and excess in dynamical activity caused by the\nperturbation. Previous approaches to this problem are recovered and extended in\na unifying scheme.",
        "positive": "A Generalization of the Stillinger-Lovett Sum Rules for the\n  Two-Dimensional Jellium: In the equilibrium statistical mechanics of classical Coulomb fluids, the\nlong-range tail of the Coulomb potential gives rise to the Stillinger-Lovett\nsum rules for the charge correlation functions. For the jellium model of mobile\nparticles of charge $q$ immersed in a neutralizing background, the fixing of\none of the $q$-charges induces a screening cloud of the charge density whose\nzeroth and second moments are determined just by the Stillinger-Lovett sum\nrules. In this paper, we generalize these sum rules to the screening cloud\ninduced around a pointlike guest charge $Z q$ immersed in the bulk interior of\nthe 2D jellium with the coupling constant $\\Gamma=\\beta q^2$ ($\\beta$ is the\ninverse temperature), in the whole region of the thermodynamic stability of the\nguest charge $Z>-2/\\Gamma$. The derivation is based on a mapping technique of\nthe 2D jellium at the coupling $\\Gamma$ = (even positive integer) onto a\ndiscrete 1D anticommuting-field theory; we assume that the final results remain\nvalid for all real values of $\\Gamma$ corresponding to the fluid regime. The\ngeneralized sum rules reproduce for arbitrary coupling $\\Gamma$ the standard\nZ=1 and the trivial Z=0 results. They are also checked in the Debye-H\\\"uckel\nlimit $\\Gamma\\to 0$ and at the free-fermion point $\\Gamma=2$. The generalized\nsecond-moment sum rule provides some exact information about possible sign\noscillations of the induced charge density in space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random matrix theory and critical phenomena in quantum spin chains: We compute critical properties of a general class of quantum spin chains\nwhich are quadratic in the Fermi operators and can be solved exactly under\ncertain symmetry constraints related to the classical compact groups $U(N)$,\n$O(N)$ and $Sp(2N)$. In particular we calculate critical exponents $s$, $\\nu$\nand $z$, corresponding to the energy gap, correlation length and dynamic\nexponent respectively. We also compute the ground state correlators\n$\\left\\langle \\sigma^{x}_{i} \\sigma^{x}_{i+n} \\right\\rangle_{g}$, $\\left\\langle\n\\sigma^{y}_{i} \\sigma^{y}_{i+n} \\right\\rangle_{g}$ and $\\left\\langle\n\\prod^{n}_{i=1} \\sigma^{z}_{i} \\right\\rangle_{g}$, all of which display\nquasi-long-range order with a critical exponent dependent upon system\nparameters. Our approach establishes universality of the exponents for the\nclass of systems in question.",
        "positive": "Off-lattice Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of strained heteroepitaxial\n  growth: An off-lattice, continuous space Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) algorithm is\ndiscussed and applied in the investigation of strained heteroepitaxial crystal\ngrowth. As a starting point, we study a simplifying (1+1)-dimensional situation\nwith inter-atomic interactions given by simple pair-potentials. The model\nexhibits the appearance of strain-induced misfit dislocations at a\ncharacteristic film thickness. In our simulations we observe a power law\ndependence of this critical thickness on the lattice misfit, which is in\nagreement with experimental results for semiconductor compounds. We furthermore\ninvestigate the emergence of strain induced multilayer islands or \"Dots\" upon\nan adsorbate wetting layer in the so-called Stranski-Krastanov (SK) growth\nmode. At a characteristic kinetic film thickness, a transition from monolayer\nto multilayer islands occurs. We discuss the microscopic causes of the\nSK-transition and its dependence on the model parameters, i.e. lattice misfit,\ngrowth rate, and substrate temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "GPU-based simulation of the long-range Potts model via parallel\n  tempering: We discuss the efficiency of parallelization on graphical processing units\n(GPUs) for the simulation of the one dimensional Potts model with long range\ninteractions via parallel tempering. We investigate the behaviour of some\nthermodynamic properties, such as equilibrium energy and magnetization,\ncritical temperatures as well as the separation between the first- and\nsecond-order regime. By implementing multispin coding techniques and an\nefficient parallelization of the interaction energy computation among threads,\nthe GPU-accelerated approach reached speedup factors of up to 37.",
        "positive": "Random sequential adsorption of straight rigid rods on a simple cubic\n  lattice: Random sequential adsorption of straight rigid rods of length $k$ ($k$-mers)\non a simple cubic lattice has been studied by numerical simulations and\nfinite-size scaling analysis. The calculations were performed by using a new\ntheoretical scheme, whose accuracy was verified by comparison with rigorous\nanalytical data. The results, obtained for \\textit{k} ranging from 2 to 64,\nrevealed that (i) in the case of dimers ($k=2$), the jamming coverage is\n$\\theta_j=0.918388(16)$. Our estimate of $\\theta_j$ differs significantly from\nthe previously reported value of $\\theta_j=0.799(2)$ [Y. Y. Tarasevich and V.\nA. Cherkasova, Eur. Phys. J. B \\textbf{60}, 97 (2007)]; (ii) $\\theta_j$\nexhibits a decreasing function when it is plotted in terms of the $k$-mer size,\nbeing $\\theta_j (\\infty)= 0.4045(19)$ the value of the limit coverage for large\n$k$'s; and (iii) the ratio between percolation threshold and jamming coverage\nshows a non-universal behavior, monotonically decreasing with increasing $k$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maximum one-shot dissipated work from Renyi divergences: Thermodynamics describes large-scale, slowly evolving systems. Two modern\napproaches generalize thermodynamics: fluctuation theorems, which concern\nfinite-time nonequilibrium processes, and one-shot statistical mechanics, which\nconcerns small scales and finite numbers of trials. Combining these approaches,\nwe calculate a one-shot analog of the average dissipated work defined in\nfluctuation contexts: the cost of performing a protocol in finite time instead\nof quasistatically. The average dissipated work has been shown to be\nproportional to a relative entropy between phase-space densities, to a relative\nentropy between quantum states, and to a relative entropy between probability\ndistributions over possible values of work. We derive one-shot analogs of all\nthree equations, demonstrating that the order-infinity Renyi divergence is\nproportional to the maximum possible dissipated work in each case. These\none-shot analogs of fluctuation-theorem results contribute to the unification\nof these two toolkits for small-scale, nonequilibrium statistical physics.",
        "positive": "Hypergeometric analytic continuation of the strong-coupling perturbation\n  series for the 2d Bose-Hubbard model: We develop a scheme for analytic continuation of the strong-coupling\nperturbation series of the pure Bose-Hubbard model beyond the Mott\ninsulator-to-superfluid transition at zero temperature, based on hypergeometric\nfunctions and their generalizations. We then apply this scheme for computing\nthe critical exponent of the order parameter of this quantum phase transition\nfor the two-dimensional case, which falls into the universality class of the\nthree-dimensional $XY$ model. This leads to anontrivial test of the\nuniversality hypothesis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Application of the Maximum relative Entropy method to the physics of\n  ferromagnetic materials: It is known that the Maximum relative Entropy (MrE) method can be used to\nboth update and approximate probability distributions functions in statistical\ninference problems. In this manuscript, we apply the MrE method to infer\nmagnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials. In addition to comparing our\napproach to more traditional methodologies based upon the Ising model and Mean\nField Theory, we also test the effectiveness of the MrE method on\nconventionally unexplored ferromagnetic materials with defects.",
        "positive": "From Green-Kubo to the full Boltzmann kinetic approach to heat transport\n  in crystals and glasses: We show that vertex corrections to the quasi-harmonic Green-Kubo theory of\nheat transport in insulators naturally lead to a generalisation of the\nexpression for the conductivity that could be derived from the linearized\nBoltzmann equation, when the effects of the full scattering matrix are\naccounted for. Our results, which are obtained from the Mori-Zwanzig\nmemory-function formalism, provide a fully ab initio derivation of the\nlinearized Boltzmann transport equation and establish a connection between two\nrecently proposed unified approaches to heat transport in insulating crystals\nand glasses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random Motion with Interfacial Contact: Driven Diffusion vis-a-vis\n  Mechanical Activation: Rolling of a small sphere on a solid support is governed by a non-linear\nfriction that is akin to the Coulombic dry fiction. No motion occurs when the\nexternal field is weaker than the frictional resistance. However, with the\nintervention of an external noise, a viscous friction like property emerges;\nthus the sphere rolls with an uniform drift velocity that is proportional to\nthe applied field. As the sphere rolls, it rocks forward and backward resulting\nin substantial fluctuation of displacement opposite to the net drift. The ratio\nof the integrated probabilities of the negative to positive work fluctuations\ndecreases monotonically with the time of observation, from which a temperature\nlike intensive parameter can be estimated. This parameter conforms to the\nEinstein's ratio of diffusivity and mobility that increases almost linearly,\neven though the diffusivity increases super-linearly, with the strength of the\nnoise. A new barrier crossing experiment is introduced that can be performed\neither with a hard (e.g. a steel ball) or with a soft (e.g. a water drop)\nsphere in contact with a periodically undulated substrate. The frequency of\nbarrier crossing follows the classical transition state equation allowing a\ndirect estimation of the effective temperature. These experiments as well as\ncertain numerical simulations suggest that the effective temperature of a\nsystem controlled by a non-linear friction may not have a unique value.",
        "positive": "Universal distributions from non-Hermitian Perturbation of Zero-Modes: Hermitian operators with exact zero modes subject to non-Hermitian\nperturbations are considered. Specific focus is on the average distribution of\nthe initial zero modes of the Hermitian operators. The broadening of these zero\nmodes is found to follow an elliptic Gaussian random matrix ensemble of fixed\nsize, where the symmetry class of the perturbation determines the behaviour of\nthe modes. This distribution follows from a central limit theorem of matrices,\nand is shown to be robust to deformations of the average."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficient measurement of point-to-set correlations and overlap\n  fluctuations in glass-forming liquids: Cavity point-to-set correlations are real-space tools to detect the\nroughening of the free-energy landscape that accompanies the dynamical slowdown\nof glass-forming liquids. Measuring these correlations in model glass formers\nremains, however, a major computational challenge. Here, we develop a general\nparallel-tempering method that provides orders-of-magnitude improvement for\nsampling and equilibrating configurations within cavities. We apply this\nimproved scheme to the canonical Kob-Andersen binary Lennard-Jones model for\ntemperatures down to the mode-coupling theory crossover. Most significant\nimprovements are noted for small cavities, which have thus far been the most\ndifficult to study. This methodological advance also enables us to study a\nbroader range of physical observables associated with thermodynamic\nfluctuations. We measure the probability distribution of overlap fluctuations\nin cavities, which displays a non-trivial temperature evolution. The\ncorresponding overlap susceptibility is found to provide a robust quantitative\nestimate of the point-to-set length scale requiring no fitting. By resolving\nspatial fluctuations of the overlap in the cavity, we also obtain quantitative\ninformation about the geometry of overlap fluctuations. We can thus examine in\ndetail how the penetration length as well as its fluctuations evolve with\ntemperature and cavity size.",
        "positive": "Multiple time scales in volatility and leverage correlations: An\n  stochastic volatility model: Financial time series exhibit two different type of non linear correlations:\n(i) volatility autocorrelations that have a very long range memory, on the\norder of years, and (ii) asymmetric return-volatility (or `leverage')\ncorrelations that are much shorter ranged. Different stochastic volatility\nmodels have been proposed in the past to account for both these correlations.\nHowever, in these models, the decay of the correlations is exponential, with a\nsingle time scale for both the volatility and the leverage correlations, at\nvariance with observations. We extend the linear Ornstein-Uhlenbeck stochastic\nvolatility model by assuming that the mean reverting level is itself random. We\nfind that the resulting three-dimensional diffusion process can account for\ndifferent correlation time scales. We show that the results are in good\nagreement with a century of the Dow Jones index daily returns (1900-2000), with\nthe exception of crash days."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lattice $\u03c6^4$ theory of finite-size effects above the upper critical\n  dimension: We present a perturbative calculation of finite-size effects near $T_c$ of\nthe $\\phi^4$ lattice model in a $d$-dimensional cubic geometry of size $L$ with\nperiodic boundary conditions for $d > 4$. The structural differences between\nthe $\\phi^4$ lattice theory and the $\\phi^4$ field theory found previously in\nthe spherical limit are shown to exist also for a finite number of components\nof the order parameter. The two-variable finite-size scaling functions of the\nfield theory are nonuniversal whereas those of the lattice theory are\nindependent of the nonuniversal model parameters.One-loop results for\nfinite-size scaling functions are derived. Their structure disagrees with the\nsingle-variable scaling form of the lowest-mode approximation for any finite\n$\\xi/L$ where $\\xi$ is the bulk correlation length. At $T_c$, the large-$L$\nbehavior becomes lowest-mode like for the lattice model but not for the\nfield-theoretic model. Characteristic temperatures close to $T_c$ of the\nlattice model, such as $T_{max}(L)$ of the maximum of the susceptibility\n$\\chi$, are found to scale asymptotically as $T_c - T_{max}(L) \\sim L^{-d/2}$,\nin agreement with previous Monte Carlo (MC) data for the five-dimensional Ising\nmodel. We also predict $\\chi_{max} \\sim L^{d/2}$ asymptotically. On a\nquantitative level, the asymptotic amplitudes of this large -$L$ behavior close\nto $T_c$ have not been observed in previous MC simulations at $d = 5$ because\nof nonnegligible finite-size terms $\\sim L^{(4-d)/2}$ caused by the\ninhomogeneous modes. These terms identify the possible origin of a significant\ndiscrepancy between the lowest-mode approximation and previous MC data. MC data\nof larger systems would be desirable for testing the magnitude of the\n$L^{(4-d)/2}$ and $L^{4-d}$ terms predicted by our theory.",
        "positive": "Absorbing-state phase transitions with extremal dynamics: Extremal dynamics represents a path to self-organized criticality in which\nthe order parameter is tuned to a value of zero. The order parameter is\nassociated with a phase transition to an absorbing state. Given a process that\nexhibits a phase transition to an absorbing state, we define an ``extremal\nabsorbing\" process, providing the link to the associated extremal\n(nonabsorbing) process. Stationary properties of the latter correspond to those\nat the absorbing-state phase transition in the former. Studying the absorbing\nversion of an extremal dynamics model allows to determine certain critical\nexponents that are not otherwise accessible. In the case of the Bak-Sneppen\n(BS) model, the absorbing version is closely related to the \"$f$-avalanche\"\nintroduced by Paczuski, Maslov and Bak [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 53}, 414 (1996)], or,\nin spreading simulations to the \"BS branching process\" also studied by these\nauthors. The corresponding nonextremal process belongs to the directed\npercolation universality class. We revisit the absorbing BS model, obtaining\nrefined estimates for the threshold and critical exponents in one dimension. We\nalso study an extremal version of the usual contact process, using mean-field\ntheory and simulation. The extremal condition slows the spread of activity and\nmodifies the critical behavior radically, defining an ``extremal directed\npercolation\" universality class of absorbing-state phase transitions.\nAsymmetric updating is a relevant perturbation for this class, even though it\nis irrelevant for the corresponding nonextremal class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Crystals and Spin Chains: In this note, we discuss the quantum version of the melting crystal corner in\none, two, and three dimensions, generalizing the treatment for the quantum\ndimer model. Using a mapping to spin chains we find that the two--dimensional\ncase (growth of random partitions) is integrable and leads directly to the\nHamiltonian of the Heisenberg XXZ ferromagnet. The three--dimensional case of\nthe melting crystal corner is described in terms of a system of coupled XXZ\nspin chains. We give a conjecture for its mass gap and analyze the system\nnumerically.",
        "positive": "Ensemble averaged coherent state path integral for disordered bosons\n  with a repulsive interaction and derivation of a nonlinear sigma model: A coherent state path integral is considered for bosons with an ensemble\naverage of a random potential and with an additional, repulsive interaction in\nthe context of BEC under inclusion of specially prepared disorder. The\nessential normalization of the coherent state path integral, as a generating\nfunction of observables, is obtained from the non-equilibrium time contour for\n'forward' and 'backward' propagation so that a time contour metric has to be\ntaken into account in the ensemble average with the random potential.\nTherefore, the respective symmetries for the derivation of a nonlinear sigma\nmodel follow from the involved time contour metric which leads to a coset\ndecomposition Sp(4)/U(2) x U(2) of the symplectic group Sp(4) with the subgroup\nU(2) for the unitary invariance of the density-related vacuum or ground state;\nthe corresponding spontaneous symmetry breaking gives rise to anomalous- or\n'Nambu'-doubled field degrees of freedom within self-energy matrices which are\nfinally regarded by remaining coset matrices. The notion of a 'return\nprobability', according to the original 'Anderson-localization', is thus\nnaturally contained within coherent state path integrals of a non-equilibrium\ncontour time for equivalent 'forward' and 'backward' propagation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations of entropy production in turbulent thermal convection: We report on a numerical experiment performed to analyze fluctuations of the\nentropy production in turbulent thermal convection, a physical configuration\nthat represents here a prototypical case of an out-of-equilibrium dissipative\nsystem. We estimate the entropy production from instantaneous measurements of\nthe local temperature and velocity fields sampled along the trajectory of a\nlarge number of point-wise Lagrangian tracers. The entropy production is\ncharacterized by large fluctuations and becomes often negative. This represents\na sort of \"finite-time\" violation of the second principle of thermodynamics,\nsince the direction of the energy flux is opposite to that prescribed by the\nexternal gradient. We clearly show that the fluctuations of entropy production\nobserved in the present system verify the fluctuation relation (FR), even\nthough the system is time-irreversible.",
        "positive": "Chebyshev polynomial representation of imaginary time response functions: Problems of finite-temperature quantum statistical mechanics can be\nformulated in terms of imaginary (Euclidean) -time Green's functions and\nself-energies. In the context of realistic Hamiltonians, the large energy scale\nof the Hamiltonian (as compared to temperature) necessitates a very precise\nrepresentation of these functions. In this paper, we explore the representation\nof Green's functions and self-energies in terms of a series of Chebyshev\npolynomials. We show that many operations, including convolutions, Fourier\ntransforms, and the solution of the Dyson equation, can straightforwardly be\nexpressed in terms of the series expansion coefficients. We then compare the\naccuracy of the Chebyshev representation for realistic systems with the\nuniform-power grid representation, which is most commonly used in this context."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase field modelling voids nucleation and growth in binary systems: We present a comprehensive study of voids formation, nucleation and growth in\na prototype model of binary alloys subjected to irradiation by using a combined\napproach based on phase field and rate theories. It is shown that voids\nformation is caused by interaction of irradiation-produced vacancies through\nelastic deformation of a lattice and vacancy coupling with composition field of\nthe alloy. Phase diagrams illustrating the formation of states related to solid\nsolution, phase decomposition, and patterning are obtained. Formation of voids\nfrom supersaturated ensemble of vacancies is accompanied by composition\nrearrangement of alloy components. It was found that elastic inhomogeneity\nleading to the formation of anisotropic precipitates in an initially prepared\nbinary alloy results in the formation of a void super-lattice under\nirradiation. It was shown that voids nucleate and grow with dose according to\ndiffusion controlled precipitation processes, where universal dynamics of voids\ngrowth is revealed. Estimations of main quantitative and statistical\ncharacteristics of voids by using material parameters relevant to most of\nalloys and steels give good agreement with experimental observations.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium phase transition of a one dimensional system reaches the\n  absorbing state by two different ways: We study the nonequilibrium phase transitions from the absorbing phase to the\nactive phase for the model of disease spreading\n(Susceptible-Infected-Refractory-Susceptible (SIRS)) on a regular one\ndimensional lattice. In this model, particles of three species (S, I and R) on\na lattice react as follows: $S+I\\rightarrow 2I$ with probability $\\lambda$,\n$I\\rightarrow R$ after infection time $\\tau_I$ and $R\\rightarrow I$ after\nrecovery time $\\tau_R$. In the case of $\\tau_R>\\tau_I$, this model has been\nfound to has two critical thresholds separate the active phase from absorbing\nphases \\cite{ali1}. The first critical threshold $\\lambda_{c1}$ is\ncorresponding to a low infection probability and second critical threshold\n$\\lambda_{c2}$ is corresponding to a high infection probability. At the first\ncritical threshold $\\lambda_{c1}$, our Monte Carlo simulations of this model\nsuggest the phase transition to be of directed percolation class (DP). However,\nat the second critical threshold $\\lambda_{c2}$ we observe that, the system\nbecomes so sensitive to initial values conditions which suggests the phase\ntransition to be discontinuous transition. We confirm this result using order\nparameter quasistationary probability distribution and finite-size analysis for\nthis model at $\\lambda_{c2}$. Additionally, the typical space-time evolution of\nthis model at $\\lambda_{c2}$ shows that, the spreading of active particles are\ncompact in a behavior which remind us the spreading behavior in the compact\ndirected percolation.14"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Growing Directed Networks: Organization and Dynamics: We study the organization and dynamics of growing directed networks. These\nnetworks are built by adding nodes successively in such a way that each new\nnode has $K$ directed links to the existing ones. The organization of a growing\ndirected network is analyzed in terms of the number of ``descendants'' of each\nnode in the network. We show that the distribution $P(S)$ of the size, $S$, of\nthe descendant cluster is described generically by a power-law,\n  $P(S) \\sim S^{-\\eta}$, where the exponent $\\eta$ depends on the value of $K$\nas well as the strength of preferential attachment. We determine that, in the\ncase of growing random directed networks without any preferential attachment,\n$\\eta$ is given by $1+1/K$. We also show that the Boolean dynamics of these\nnetworks is stable for any value of $K$. However, with a small fraction of\nreversal in the direction of the links, the dynamics of growing directed\nnetworks appears to operate on ``the edge of chaos'' with a power-law\ndistribution of the cycle lengths. We suggest that the growing directed network\nmay serve as another paradigm for the emergence of the scale-free features in\nnetwork organization and dynamics.",
        "positive": "Spinodal Decomposition in a Binary Polymer Mixture: Dynamic Self\n  Consistent Field Theory and Monte Carlo Simulations: We investigate how the dynamics of a single chain influences the kinetics of\nearly stage phase separation in a symmetric binary polymer mixture. We consider\nquenches from the disordered phase into the region of spinodal instability. On\na mean field level we approach this problem with two methods: a dynamical\nextension of the self consistent field theory for Gaussian chains, with the\ndensity variables evolving in time, and the method of the external potential\ndynamics where the effective external fields are propagated in time. Different\nwave vector dependencies of the kinetic coefficient are taken into account.\nThese early stages of spinodal decomposition are also studied through Monte\nCarlo simulations employing the bond fluctuation model that maps the chains --\nin our case with 64 effective segments -- on a coarse grained lattice. The\nresults obtained through self consistent field calculations and Monte Carlo\nsimulations can be compared because the time, length, and temperature scales\nare mapped onto each other through the diffusion constant, the chain extension,\nand the energy of mixing. The quantitative comparison of the relaxation rate of\nthe global structure factor shows that a kinetic coefficient according to the\nRouse model gives a much better agreement than a local, i.e. wave vector\nindependent, kinetic factor. Including fluctuations in the self consistent\nfield calculations leads to a shorter time span of spinodal behaviour and a\nreduction of the relaxation rate for smaller wave vectors and prevents the\nrelaxation rate from becoming negative for larger values of the wave vector.\nThis is also in agreement with the simulation results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local Number Fluctuations in Hyperuniform and Nonhyperuniform Systems:\n  Higher-Order Moments and Distribution Functions: The local number variance associated with a spherical sampling window of\nradius $R$ enables a classification of many-particle systems in $d$-dimensional\nEuclidean space according to the degree to which large-scale density\nfluctuations are suppressed, resulting in a demarcation between hyperuniform\nand nonhyperuniform phyla. To better characterize density fluctuations, we\ncarry out an extensive study of higher-order moments, including the skewness\n$\\gamma_1(R)$, excess kurtosis $\\gamma_2(R)$ and the corresponding probability\ndistribution function $P[N(R)]$ of a large family of models across the first\nthree space dimensions, including both hyperuniform and nonhyperuniform models.\nSpecifically, we derive explicit integral expressions for $\\gamma_1(R)$ and\n$\\gamma_2(R)$ involving up to three- and four-body correlation functions,\nrespectively. We also derive rigorous bounds on $\\gamma_1(R)$, $\\gamma_2(R)$\nand $P[N(R)]$. High-quality simulation data for these quantities are generated\nfor each model. We also ascertain the proximity of $P[N(R)]$ to the normal\ndistribution via a novel Gaussian distance metric $l_2(R)$. Among all models,\nthe convergence to a central limit theorem (CLT) is generally fastest for the\ndisordered hyperuniform processes. The convergence to a CLT is slower for\nstandard nonhyperuniform models, and slowest for the antihyperuniform model\nstudied here. We prove that one-dimensional hyperuniform systems of class I or\nany $d$-dimensional lattice cannot obey a CLT. Remarkably, we discovered that\nthe gamma distribution provides a good approximation to $P[N(R)]$ for all\nmodels that obey a CLT, enabling us to estimate the large-$R$ scalings of\n$\\gamma_1(R)$, $\\gamma_2(R)$ and $l_2(R)$. For any $d$-dimensional model that\n\"decorrelates\" or \"correlates\" with $d$, we elucidate why $P[N(R)]$\nincreasingly moves toward or away from Gaussian-like behavior, respectively.",
        "positive": "Stochastic synchronization induced by noise: Random perturbations applied in tandem to an ensemble of oscillating objects\ncan synchronize their motion. We study multiple copies of an arbitrary\ndynamical system in a stable limit cycle, described via a standard phase\nreduction picture. The copies differ only in their arbitrary phases $\\phi$.\nWeak, randomly-timed external impulses applied to all the copies can\nsynchronize these phases over time. Beyond a threshold strength there is no\nsuch convergence to a common phase. Instead, the synchronization becomes\nerratic: successive impulses produce stochastic fluctuations in the phase\ndistribution $q(\\phi)$, ranging from near-perfect to near-random\nsynchronization. Here we show that the sampled entropies of these phase\ndistributions themselves form a steady-state ensemble, whose average can be\nmade arbitrarily negative by tuning the impulse strength. A random-walk\ndescription of the entropy's evolution accounts for the observed exponential\ndistribution of entropies and for the stochastic synchronization phenomenon."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The limit distribution in the $q$-CLT for $q \\ge 1$ is unique and can\n  not have a compact support: In a paper by Umarov, Tsallis and Steinberg (2008), a generalization of the\nFourier transform, called the $q$-Fourier transform, was introduced and applied\nfor the proof of a $q$-generalized central limit theorem ($q$-CLT).\nSubsequently, Hilhorst illustrated (2009 and 2010) that the $q$-Fourier\ntransform for $q>1$ is not invertible in the space of density functions.\nIndeed, using an invariance principle, he constructed a family of densities\nwith the same $q$-Fourier transform and noted that \"as a consequence, the\n$q$-central limit theorem falls short of achieving its stated goal\". The\ndistributions constructed there have compact support. We prove now that the\nlimit distribution in the $q$-CLT is unique and can not have a compact support.\nThis result excludes all the possible counterexamples which can be constructed\nusing the invariance principle and fills the gap mentioned by Hilhorst.",
        "positive": "Local, Cluster, and Transitional Monte Carlo Dynamics: We review the local Monte Carlo dynamics and Swendsen-Wang cluster algorithm.\nWe introduce and analyze a new Monte Carlo dynamics known as transitional Monte\nCarlo. The transitional Monte Carlo algorithm samples energy probability\ndistribution P(E) with a transition matrix obtained from single-spin-flip\ndynamics. We analyze the relaxation dynamics master equation,\n  d P(E, t)/ dt = sum{E'} T(E,E') P(E',t), associated with Ising model in d\ndimensions. In one dimension, we obtain an exact solution. We show in all\ndimensions in the continuum limit the dynamics is governed by the partial\ndifferential equation\n  d P/dt' = d^2 P / d x^2 + x dP/dx + P. where x and t' are rescaled energy\ndeviation from the equilibrium value and rescaled time, respectively. This\nequation is readily solved. Thus, we have a complete understanding of the\ndynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Principles of statistical mechanics of random networks: We develop a statistical mechanics approach for random networks with\nuncorrelated vertices. We construct equilibrium statistical ensembles of such\nnetworks and obtain their partition functions and main characteristics. We find\nsimple dynamical construction procedures that produce equilibrium uncorrelated\nrandom graphs with an arbitrary degree distribution. In particular, we show\nthat in equilibrium uncorrelated networks, fat-tailed degree distributions may\nexist only starting from some critical average number of connections of a\nvertex, in a phase with a condensate of edges.",
        "positive": "Thermal breakage of a discrete one-dimensional string: We study the thermal breakage of a discrete one-dimensional string, with open\nand fixed ends, in the heavily damped regime. Basing our analysis on the\nmultidimensional Kramers escape theory, we are able to make analytical\npredictions on the mean breakage rate, and on the breakage propensity with\nrespect to the breakage location on the string. We then support our predictions\nwith numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time & its analytical definition: overcoming inconsistencies of previous\n  results: Recently, a thermodynamic definition of time has been introduced. This\ndefinition is useful to find approach some open problems in physics. But, it\nwas obtained by a phenomenological approach and a logical inconsistency appears\nin the definition. In particular, the definition was based on the ratio of two\nquantities, the entropy production and its rate, linked one another just by the\ndefinition of time. In this paper, this inconsistency is overcome, by using the\nsecond law of thermodynamics and Barbour's mathematical methods, obtaining an\nanalytical result that brings to the same equation of the phenomenological\nmethod, but without any logical inconsistency.",
        "positive": "Forces in dry active matter: Lecture notes from the Les Houches summer school on Active Matter and\nNon-Equilibrium Statistical Physics 2018. The notes contain a pedagogical\nintroduction to the statistics of forces in dry active matter. In particular,\nthe physics behind the existence of an equation of state, or lack thereof, is\ndiscussed along with its implications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superradiance from crystals of molecular nanomagnets: We show that crystals of molecular nanomagnets can exhibit giant magnetic\nrelaxation due to the Dicke superradiance of electromagnetic waves. Rigorous\ntreatment of the superradiance induced by a field pulse is presented.",
        "positive": "Perspectives on scaling and multiscaling in passive scalar turbulence: We revisit the well-known problem of multiscaling in substances passively\nadvected by homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flows or passive scalar\nturbulence. To that end we propose a two-parameter continuum hydrodynamic model\nfor an advected substance concentration $\\theta$, parametrised jointly by $y$\nand $\\overline y$, that characterise the spatial scaling behaviour of the\nvariances of the advecting stochastic velocity and the stochastic additive\ndriving force, respectively. We analyse it within a one-loop dynamic\nrenormalisation group method to calculate the multiscaling exponents of the\nequal-time structure functions of $\\theta$. We show how the interplay between\nthe advective velocity and the additive force may lead to simple scaling or\nmultiscaling.\n  In one limit, our results reduce to the well-known results from the Kraichnan\nmodel for passive scalar. Our framework of analysis should be of help for\nanalytical approaches for the still intractable problem of fluid turbulence\nitself."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization group and nonlinear susceptibilities of cubic\n  ferromagnets at criticality: For the three-dimensional cubic model, the nonlinear susceptibilities of the\nfourth, sixth, and eighth orders are analyzed and the parameters \\delta^(i)\ncharacterizing their reduced anisotropy are evaluated at the cubic fixed point.\nIn the course of this study, the renormalized sextic coupling constants\nentering the small-field equation of state are calculated in the four-loop\napproximation and the universal values of these couplings are estimated by\nmeans of the Pade-Borel-Leroy resummation of the series obtained. The\nanisotropy parameters are found to be: \\delta^(4) = 0.054 +/- 0.012, \\delta^(6)\n= 0.102 +/- 0.02, and \\delta^(8) = 0.144 +/- 0.04, indicating that the\nanisotropic (cubic) critical behavior predicted by the advanced higher-order\nrenormalization-group analysis should be, in principle, visible in physical and\ncomputer experiments.",
        "positive": "Global Equation of State of two-dimensional hard sphere systems: Hard sphere systems in two dimensions are examined for arbitrary density.\nSimulation results are compared to the theoretical predictions for both the low\nand the high density limit, where the system is either disordered or ordered,\nrespectively. The pressure in the system increases with the density, except for\nan intermediate range of volume fractions $0.65 \\le \\nu \\le 0.75$, where a\ndisorder-order phase transition occurs. The proposed {\\em global equation of\nstate} (which describes the pressure {\\em for all densities}) is applied to the\nsituation of an extremely dense hard sphere gas in a gravitational field and\nshows reasonable agreement with both experimental and numerical data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analysis of self-organized criticality in Ehrenfest's dog-flea model: The self-organized criticality in Ehrenfest's historical dog-flea model is\nanalyzed by simulating the underlying stochastic process. The fluctuations\naround the thermal equilibrium in the model are treated as avalanches. We show\nthat the distributions for the fluctuation length differences at subsequent\ntime steps are in the shape of a $q$-Gaussian (the distribution which is\nobtained naturally in the context of nonextensive statistical mechanics) if one\navoids the finite size effects by increasing the system size. We provide a\nclear numerical evidence that the relation between the exponent $\\tau$ of\navalanche size distribution obtained by maximum likelihood estimation and the\n$q$ value of appropriate q-Gaussian obeys the analytical result recently\nintroduced by Caruso et al. [Phys. Rev. E \\textbf{75}, 055101(R) (2007)]. This\nrescues the q parameter to remain as a fitting parameter and allows us to\ndetermine its value a priori from one of the well known exponents of such\ndynamical systems.",
        "positive": "Fluctuating kinetic theory and fluctuating hydrodynamics of aligning\n  active particles: the dilute limit: Kinetic and hydrodynamic theories are widely employed for describing the\ncollective behaviour of active matter systems. At the fluctuating level, these\nhave been obtained from explicit coarse-graining procedures in the limit where\neach particle interacts weakly with many others, so that the total forces and\ntorques exerted on each of them is of order unity at all times. Such limit is\nhowever not relevant for dilute systems that mostly interact via alignment;\nthere, collisions are rare and make the self-propulsion direction to change\nabruptly. We derive a fluctuating kinetic theory, and the corresponding\nfluctuating hydrodynamics, for aligning self-propelled particles in the limit\nof dilute systems. We discover that fluctuations at kinetic level are not\nGaussian and depend on the interactions among particles, but that only their\nGaussian part survives in the hydrodynamic limit. At variance with fluctuating\nhydrodynamics for weakly interacting particles, we find that the noise variance\nat hydrodynamic level depends on the interaction rules among particles and is\nproportional to the square of the density, reflecting the binary nature of the\naligning process. The results of this paper, which are derived for polar\nself-propelled particles with polar alignment, could be straightforwardly\nextended to polar particles with nematic alignment or to fully nematic systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Violation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in a protein system: We report the results of molecular dynamics simulations of the protein myosin\ncarried out with an elastic network model. Quenching the system, we observe\nglassy behavior of a density correlation function and a density response\nfunction that are often investigated in structure glasses and spin glasses. In\nthe equilibrium, the fluctuation-response relation, a representative relation\nof the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, holds that the ratio of the density\ncorrelation function to the density response function is equal to the\ntemperature of the environment. We show that in the quenched system that we\nstudy, this relation can be violated. In the case that this relation does not\nhold, this ratio can be regarded as an effective temperature. We find that this\neffective temperature of myosin is higher than the temperature of the\nenvironment. We discuss the relation between this effective temperature and\nenergy transduction that occurs after ATP hydrolysis in the myosin molecule.",
        "positive": "Entropic Elasticity of Phantom Percolation Networks: A new method is used to measure the stress and elastic constants of purely\nentropic phantom networks, in which a fraction $p$ of neighbors are tethered by\ninextensible bonds. We find that close to the percolation threshold $p_c$ the\nshear modulus behaves as $(p-p_c)^f$, where the exponent $f\\approx 1.35$ in two\ndimensions, and $f\\approx 1.95$ in three dimensions, close to the corresponding\nvalues of the conductivity exponent in random resistor networks. The components\nof the stiffness tensor (elastic constants) of the spanning cluster follow a\npower law $\\sim(p-p_c)^g$, with an exponent $g\\approx 2.0$ and 2.6 in two and\nthree dimensions, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First order transition in a three dimensional disordered system: We present the first detailed numerical study in three dimensions of a\nfirst-order phase transition that remains first-order in the presence of\nquenched disorder (specifically, the ferromagnetic/paramagnetic transition of\nthe site-diluted four states Potts model). A tricritical point, which lies\nsurprisingly near to the pure-system limit and is studied by means of\nFinite-Size Scaling, separates the first-order and second-order parts of the\ncritical line. This investigation has been made possible by a new definition of\nthe disorder average that avoids the diverging-variance probability\ndistributions that plague the standard approach. Entropy, rather than free\nenergy, is the basic object in this approach that exploits a recently\nintroduced microcanonical Monte Carlo method.",
        "positive": "Many-body spin glasses in the microcanonical ensemble: We investigate the p-spin model with Gaussian-distributed random interactions\nin the microcanonical ensemble using the replica theory. For p=2, there are\nonly second-order phase transitions and we recover the results of Sherrington\nand Kirkpatrick obtained in the canonical ensemble. For p > 2, the transition\nbetween the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases is of first order, and the\nmicrocanonical and canonical ensembles give different results. We also discuss\nthe ensemble inequivalence of the random energy model, corresponding to the\nlimit p => infinity. This is the first systematic treatment of spin glasses\nwith long-range interactions in the microcanonical ensemble, which shows how\nthe two ensembles give different results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-attracting polymers in two dimensions with three low-temperature\n  phases: We study via Monte Carlo simulation a generalisation of the so-called vertex\ninteracting self-avoiding walk (VISAW) model on the square lattice. The\nconfigurations are actually not self-avoiding walks but rather restricted\nself-avoiding trails (bond avoiding paths) which may visit a site of the\nlattice twice provided the path does not cross itself: to distinguish this\nsubset of trails we shall call these configurations \\emph{grooves}. Three\ndistinct interactions are added to the configurations: firstly the VISAW\ninteraction, which is associated with doubly visited sites, secondly a nearest\nneighbour interaction in the same fashion as the canonical interacting\nself-avoiding walk (ISAW) and thirdly, a stiffness energy to enhance or\ndecrease the probability of bends in the configuration.\n  In addition to the normal high temperature phase we find three low\ntemperature phases: (i) the usual amorphous liquid drop-like \"globular\" phase,\n(ii) an anisotropic \"$\\beta$-sheet\" phase with dominant configurations\nconsisting of aligned long straight segments, which has been found in\nsemi-flexible nearest neighbour ISAW models, and (iii) a maximally dense phase,\nwhere the all sites of the path are associated with doubly visited sites\n(except those of the boundary of the configuration), previously observed in\ninteracting self-avoiding trails.\n  We construct a phase diagram using the fluctuations of the energy parameters\nand three order parameters. The $\\beta$-sheet and maximally dense phases do not\nseem to meet in the phase space and are always separated by either the extended\nor globular phases. We focus attention on the transition between the extended\nand maximally dense phases, as that is the transition in the original VISAW\nmodel. We find that for the path lengths considered there is a range of\nparameters where the transition is first order and it is otherwise continuous.",
        "positive": "Response to Comment [arXiv:1407.6854] on Palmer et al., Nature, 510,\n  385, 2014: We respond to a Comment [arXiv:1407.6854 (2014)] on our recent Nature paper\n[Nature, 510, 385 (2014)]. We categorically disprove the arguments provided in\narXiv:1407.6854 (2014) and thereby further substantiate the evidence we\npresented in our recent study, demonstrating the existence of a metastable\nliquid-liquid transition in a molecular model of water. We will make our code\npublicly available shortly along with proper user documentation that is\ncurrently under development."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Stochastic Simulation Method for Fractional Order Compartment Models: Fractional order compartment models derived from an underlying physical\nstochastic process introduce a more nuanced and phenomenological approach to\nsystem modelling than compartment models obtained by replacing integer order\nderivatives with fractional order derivatives. In these models, inherent\nstochasticity becomes important, particularly when dealing with the dynamics of\nsmall populations; far from the continuum limit of large particle numbers. The\nneed for stochastic simulations is motivated by such deviations from mean\nstates of governing equations. This work presents an exact stochastic\nsimulation algorithm designed for fractional order compartment models, based on\na semi-Markov process. We have considered a fractional re-susceptibility\nepidemic model as an illustrative example, highlighting pronounced disparities\nbetween deterministic and stochastic dynamics when the total population is\nsmall. Beyond this singular example, the algorithm presented is a general tool\nfor modelling fractional order differential equations via Monte Carlo\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Poiseuille flow in a heated granular gas: We consider a dilute gas of inelastic hard spheres enclosed in a slab under\nthe action of gravity along the longitudinal direction. In addition, the gas is\nsubject to a white-noise stochastic force that mimics the effect of external\nvibrations customarily used in experiments to compensate for the collisional\ncooling. The system is described by means of a kinetic model of the inelastic\nBoltzmann equation and its steady-state solution is derived through second\norder in gravity. This solution differs from the Navier-Stokes description in\nthat the hydrostatic pressure is not uniform, normal stress differences are\npresent, a component of the heat flux normal to the thermal gradient exists,\nand the temperature profile includes a positive quadratic term. As in the\nelastic case, this new term is responsible for a bimodal shape of the\ntemperature profile. The results show that, except for high inelasticities, the\neffect of inelasticity on the profiles is to slightly decrease the quantitative\ndeviations from the Navier-Stokes results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Majority Rule Dynamics in Finite Dimensions: We investigate the long-time behavior of a majority rule opinion dynamics\nmodel in finite spatial dimensions. Each site of the system is endowed with a\ntwo-state spin variable that evolves by majority rule. In a single update\nevent, a group of spins with a fixed (odd) size is specified and all members of\nthe group adopt the local majority state. Repeated application of this update\nstep leads to a coarsening mosaic of spin domains and ultimate consensus in a\nfinite system. The approach to consensus is governed by two disparate time\nscales, with the longer time scale arising from realizations in which spins\norganize into coherent single-opinion bands. The consequences of this\ngeometrical organization on the long-time kinetics are explored.",
        "positive": "Rectification of Fluctuations in an Underdamped Ratchet: We investigate analytically the motion of underdamped particles subject to a\ndeterministic periodic potential and a periodic temperature. Despite the fact\nthat an underamped particle experiences the temperature oscillation many times\nin its escape out of a well and in its motion along the potential, a net\ndirected current linear in the friction constant is found. If both the\npotential and the temperature modulation are sinusoidal with a phase lag\n$\\delta$, this current is proportional to $\\sin \\delta$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transient ageing in fractional Brownian and Langevin equation motion: Stochastic processes driven by stationary fractional Gaussian noise, that is,\nfractional Brownian motion and fractional Langevin equation motion, are usually\nconsidered to be ergodic in the sense that, after an algebraic relaxation, time\nand ensemble averages of physical observables coincide. Recently it was\ndemonstrated that fractional Brownian motion and fractional Langevin equation\nmotion under external confinement are transiently non-ergodic---time and\nensemble averages behave differently---from the moment when the particle starts\nto sense the confinement. Here we show that these processes also exhibit\ntransient ageing, that is, physical observables such as the time averaged mean\nsquared displacement depend on the time lag between the initiation of the\nsystem at time $t=0$ and the start of the measurement at the ageing time $t_a$.\nIn particular, it turns out that for fractional Langevin equation motion the\nageing dependence on $t_a$ is different between the cases of free and confined\nmotion. We obtain explicit analytical expressions for the aged moments of the\nparticle position as well as the time averaged mean squared displacement and\npresent a numerical analysis of this transient ageing phenomenon.",
        "positive": "Theory of four-wave mixing of matter waves from a Bose-Einstein\n  condensate: A recent experiment [Deng et al., Nature 398, 218(1999)] demonstrated\nfour-wave mixing of matter wavepackets created from a Bose-Einstein condensate.\nThe experiment utilized light pulses to create two high-momentum wavepackets\nvia Bragg diffraction from a stationary Bose-Einstein condensate. The\nhigh-momentum components and the initial low momentum condensate interact to\nform a new momentum component due to the nonlinear self-interaction of the\nbosonic atoms. We develop a three-dimensional quantum mechanical description,\nbased on the slowly-varying-envelope approximation, for four-wave mixing in\nBose-Einstein condensates using the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation.\nWe apply this description to describe the experimental observations and to make\npredictions. We examine the role of phase-modulation, momentum and energy\nconservation (i.e., phase-matching), and particle number conservation in\nfour-wave mixing of matter waves, and develop simple models for understanding\nour numerical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simple Growth Models of Rigid Multifilament Biopolymers: The growth dynamics of rigid biopolymers, consisting of $N$ parallel\nprotofilaments, is investigated theoretically using simple approximate models.\nIn our approach, the structure of a polymer's growing end and lateral\ninteractions between protofilaments are explicitly taken into account, and it\nis argued that only few conformations are important for biopolymer's growth. As\na result, exact analytic expressions for growth velocity and dispersion are\nobtained for {\\it any} number of protofilaments and arbitrary geometry of the\ngrowing end of the biopolymer. Our theoretical predictions are compared with a\nfull description of biopolymer growth dynamics for the simplest N=2 model. It\nis found that the results from the approximate theory are approaching the exact\nones for large lateral interactions between the protofilaments. Our theory is\nalso applied to analyze the experimental data on the growth of microtubules.",
        "positive": "Understanding fragility in supercooled Lennard-Jones mixtures. I.\n  Locally preferred structures: We reveal the existence of systematic variations of isobaric fragility in\ndifferent supercooled Lennard-Jones binary mixtures by performing molecular\ndynamics simulations. The connection between fragility and local structures in\nthe bulk is analyzed by means of a Voronoi construction. We find that clusters\nof particles belonging to locally preferred structures form slow, long-lived\ndomains, whose spatial extension increases by decreasing temperature. As a\ngeneral rule, a more rapid growth, upon supercooling, of such domains is\nassociated to a more pronounced super-Arrhenius behavior, hence to a larger\nfragility."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quench dynamics of the 2d XY model: We investigate the out of equilibrium dynamics of the two-dimensional XY\nmodel when cooled across the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase\ntransition using different protocols. We focus on the evolution of the growing\ncorrelation length and the density of topological defects (vortices). By using\nMonte Carlo simulations we first determine the time and temperature dependence\nof the growing correlation length after an infinitely rapid quench from above\nthe transition temperature to the quasi-long range order region. The functional\nform is consistent with a logarithmic correction to the diffusive law and it\nserves to validate dynamic scaling in this problem. This analysis clarifies the\ndifferent dynamic roles played by bound and free vortices. We then revisit the\nKibble-Zurek mechanism in thermal phase transitions in which the disordered\nstate is plagued with topological defects. We provide a theory of quenching\nrate dependence in systems with the BKT-type transition that goes beyond the\nequilibrium scaling arguments. Finally, we discuss the implications of our\nresults to a host of physical systems with vortex excitations including planar\nferromagnets and liquid crystals as well as the Ginzburg-Landau approach to\nbidimensional freely decaying turbulence.",
        "positive": "Driven inelastic Maxwell gas in one dimension: A lattice version of the driven inelastic Maxwell gas is studied in one\ndimension with periodic boundary conditions. Each site $i$ of the lattice is\nassigned with a scalar `velocity', $v_i$. Nearest neighbors on the lattice\ninteract, with a rate $\\tau_c^{-1}$, according to an inelastic collision rule.\nExternal driving, occurring with a rate $\\tau_w^{-1}$, sustains a steady state\nin the system. A set of closed coupled equations for the evolution of the\nvariance and the two-point correlation is found. Steady state values of the\nvariance, as well as spatial correlation functions, are calculated. It is shown\nexactly that the correlation function decays exponentially with distance, and\nthe correlation length for a large system is determined. Furthermore, the\nspatio-temporal correlation $C(x,t)=\\langle v_i(0) v_{i+x} (t)\\rangle$ can also\nbe obtained. We find that there is an interior region $-x^* < x < x^*$, where\n$C(x,t)$ has a time-dependent form, whereas in the exterior region $|x| > x^*$,\nthe correlation function remains the same as the initial form. $C(x,t)$\nexhibits second order discontinuity at the transition points $x=\\pm x^*$ and\nthese transition points move away from the $x=0$ with a constant speed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin and thermal conductivity in classical disordered spin chain: Transport quantities of the classical spin chain with the quenched disorder\nin the antiferromagnetic coupling $J_i$ are evaluated using the dynamical\nsimulation at finite temperatures $T>0$ . Since the classical model is\nnonintegrable, spin and thermal conductivities remain finite even in the pure\ncase. On the other hand, the role of disorder becomes crucial at low $T $\nleading to a vanishing transport due to the Anderson localization within the\nlinearized regime. The crossover from the insulator to the conductor appears\nboth for the spin and thermal transport at quite low $T^* \\ll J$. Still the\nmany-body localization regime at $T>0$ evidenced by extremely short mean free\npaths can be strongly enhanced by introducing into the model an additional\nstaggered field.",
        "positive": "Observation of harmonic generation and nonlinear coupling in the\n  collective dynamics of a Bose condensate: We report the observation of harmonic generation and strong nonlinear\ncoupling of two collective modes of a condensed gas of rubidium atoms. Using a\nmodified TOP trap we changed the trap anisotropy to a value where the frequency\nof the m=0 high-lying mode corresponds to twice the frequency of the m=0\nlow-lying mode, thus leading to strong nonlinear coupling between these modes.\nBy changing the anisotropy of the trap and exciting the low-lying mode we\nobserved significant frequency shifts of this fundamental mode and also the\ngeneration of its second harmonic."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary-bulk interplay of molecular motor traffic flow through a\n  compartment: The flow of motor proteins on a filamental track is modelled within the the\nframework of lattice driven diffusive systems. Motors, considered as hopping\nparticles, perform a highly biased asymmetric exclusion process when bound to\nthe filament. With a certain rate, they detach from the filament and execute\nunbiased random walk in the bulk which is considered as a closed cubic\ncompartment. Motors are injected (extracted) from the leftmost (rightmost) site\nof the filament located along the symmetry axis of the compartment. We explore\nthe transport properties of this system and investigate the bulk-boundary\ninterplay on the system stationary states. It is shown that the detachment rate\nnotably affects the system properties. In particular and in contrast to ASEP,\nit is shown that the density profile of bound particles exhibit different types\nof non monotonic behaviours when the detachment rate varies. It is shown that\nin certain situations, the density profile of the filament consists of\ncoexisting high and low regions.",
        "positive": "Matter-wave amplification and phase conjugation via stimulated\n  dissociation of a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate: We propose a scheme for parametric amplification and phase conjugation of an\natomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) via stimulated dissociation of a BEC of\nmolecular dimers consisting of bosonic atoms. This can potentially be realized\nvia coherent Raman transitions or using a magnetic Feshbach resonance. We show\nthat the interaction of a small incoming atomic BEC with a (stationary)\nmolecular BEC can produce two counterpropagating atomic beams -- an amplified\natomic BEC and its phase-conjugate or time-reversed replica. The two beams can\npossess strong quantum correlation in the relative particle number, with\nsqueezed number-difference fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Approach to a stationary state in an external field: We study relaxation towards a stationary out of equilibrium state by\nanalizing a one-dimensional stochastic process followed by a particle\naccelerated by an external field and propagating through a thermal bath. The\neffect of collisions is described within Botlzmann's kinetic theory. We present\nanalytical solutions for the Maxwell gas and for the very hard particle model.\nThe exponentially fast relaxation of the velocity distribution toward the\nstationary form is demonstrated. In the reference frame moving with constant\ndrift velocity the hydrodynamic diffusive mode is shown to govern the\ndistribution in the position space. We show that the exact value of the\ndiffusion coefficient for any value of the field is correctly predicted by\nGreen-Kubo autocorrelation formula generalized to the stationary state.",
        "positive": "Sticky grains do not change the universality class of isotropic\n  sandpiles: We revisit the sandpile model with ``sticky'' grains introduced by Mohanty\nand Dhar [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 89}, 104303 (2002)] whose scaling properties\nwere claimed to be in the universality class of directed percolation for both\nisotropic and directed models. Simulations in the so-called fixed-energy\nensemble show that this conclusion is not valid for isotropic sandpiles and\nthat this model shares the same critical properties of other stochastic\nsandpiles, such as the Manna model. %as expected from the existence of an extra\n%conservation-law, absent in directed percolation. These results are\nstrengthened by the analysis of the Langevin equations proposed by the same\nauthors to account for this problem which we show to converge, upon\ncoarse-graining, to the well-established set of Langevin equations for the\nManna class. Therefore, the presence of a conservation law keeps isotropic\nsandpiles, with or without stickiness, away from the directed percolation\nclass."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytic results for the Tsallis thermodynamic variables: We analytically investigate the thermodynamic variables of a hot and dense\nsystem, in the framework of the Tsallis non-extensive classical statistics.\nAfter a brief review, we start by recalling the corresponding massless limits\nfor all the thermodynamic variables. We then present the detail of calculation\nfor the exact massive result regarding the pressure -- valid for all values of\nthe $q$-parameter -- as well as the Tsallis $T$-, $\\mu$- and $m$- parameters,\nthe former characterizing the non-extensivity of the system. The results for\nother thermodynamic variables, in the massive case, readily follow from\nappropriate differentiations of the pressure, for which we provide the\nnecessary formulas. For the convenience of the reader, we tabulate all of our\nresults. A special emphasis is put on the method used in order to perform these\ncomputations, which happens to reduce cumbersome momentum integrals into\nsimpler ones. Numerical consistency between our analytic results and the\ncorresponding usual numerical integrals are found to be perfectly consistent.\nFinally, it should be noted that our findings substantially simplify\ncalculations within the Tsallis framework. The latter being extensively used in\nvarious different fields of science as for example, but not limited to,\nhigh-energy nucleus collisions, we hope to enlighten a number of possible\napplications.",
        "positive": "Effective Hamiltonian approach to the kinetic infinitely long-range\n  Ising (the Husimi-Temperley) model: The linear master equation (ME) describing the stochastic kinetics of\nIsing-type models has been transformed into a nonlinear ME (NLME) for a\ntime-dependent effective Hamiltonian (EH). It has been argued that for models\nwith large number of spins ($N$) NLME is easier to deal with numerically than\nME. The reason is that the non-equilibrium probability distribution entering ME\nscales exponentially with the system size which for large $N$ causes numerical\nunder- and overflow problems. NLME, in contrast, contains quantities scaling\nwith $ N $ not faster than linearly.\n  The advantages of NLME in numerical calculations has been illustrated on the\nproblem of decay of metastable states in the kinetic Husimi-Temperley model\n(HTM) previously studied within ME approach by other authors. It has been shown\nthat the use of NLME makes possible to extend by orders of magnitude the ranges\nof numerically accessible quantities, such as the system size $ N $ and the\nlifetimes of metastable states, as well as the accuracy of the calculations. An\nexcellent agreement of numerical results with previous studies has been found.\n  It has been shown that in the thermodynamic limit EH for HTM exactly\nsatisfies a nonlinear first order differential equation. The system of\ncharacteristic equations for its solution has been derived and it has been\nshown that the conventional mean field equation is one of them."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytic solution of the Domain Wall non-equilibrium stationary state: We consider the out-of-equilibrium dynamics generated by joining two domains\nwith arbitrary opposite magnetisations. We study the stationary state which\nemerges by the unitary evolution via the spin $1/2$ XXZ Hamiltonian, in the\ngapless regime, where the system develops a stationary spin current. Using the\ngeneralized hydrodynamic approach, we present a simple formula for the\nspace-time profile of the spin current and the magnetisation exact in the limit\nof large times. As a remarkable effect, we show that the stationary state has a\nstrongly discontinuous dependence on the strength of interaction. This feature\nallows us to give a qualitative estimation for the transient behavior of the\ncurrent which is compared with numerical simulations. Moreover, we analyse the\nbehavior around the edge of the magnetisation profile and we argue that, unlike\nthe XX free-fermionic point, interactions always prevent the emergence of a\nTracy-Widom scaling.",
        "positive": "Hierarchical structure of fluctuation theorems for a driven system in\n  contact with multiple heat reservoirs: For driven open systems in contact with multiple heat reservoirs, we find the\nmarginal distributions of work or heat do not satisfy any fluctuation theorem,\nbut only the joint distribution of work and heat satisfies a family of\nfluctuation theorems. A hierarchical structure of these fluctuation theorems is\ndiscovered from microreversibility of the dynamics by adopting a step-by-step\ncoarse-graining procedure in both classical and quantum regimes. Thus, we put\nall fluctuation theorems concerning work and heat into a unified framework. We\nalso propose a general method to calculate the joint statistics of work and\nheat in the situation of multiple heat reservoirs via the Feynman-Kac equation.\nFor a classical Brownian particle in contact with multiple heat reservoirs, we\nverify the validity of the fluctuation theorems for the joint distribution of\nwork and heat."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Introduction to Monte Carlo methods for an Ising Model of a Ferromagnet: This discussion serves as an introduction to the use of Monte Carlo\nsimulations as a useful way to evaluate the observables of a ferromagnet. Key\nbackground is given about the relevance and effectiveness of this stochastic\napproach and in particular the applicability of the Metropolis-Hastings\nalgorithm. Importantly the potentially devastating effects of spontaneous\nmagnetization are highlighted and a means to avert this is examined.\n  An Ising model is introduced and used to investigate the properties of a two\ndimensional ferromagnet with respect to its magnetization and energy at varying\ntemperatures. The observables are calculated and a phase transition at a\ncritical temperature is also illustrated and evaluated. Lastly a finite size\nscaling analysis is undertaken to determine the critical exponents and the\nCurie temperature is calculated using a ratio of cumulants with differing\nlattice sizes. The results obtained from the simulation are compared to exact\ncalculations to endorse the validity of this numerical process. A copy of the\ncode used, written in C++, is enclosed and is freely available for use and\nmodification under the General Public License.",
        "positive": "Delocalization Transition of a Rough Adsorption-Reaction Interface: We introduce a new kinetic interface model suitable for simulating\nadsorption-reaction processes which take place preferentially at surface\ndefects such as steps and vacancies. As the average interface velocity is taken\nto zero, the self- affine interface with Kardar-Parisi-Zhang like scaling\nbehaviour undergoes a delocalization transition with critical exponents that\nfall into a novel universality class. As the critical point is approached, the\ninterface becomes a multi-valued, multiply connected self-similar fractal set.\nThe scaling behaviour and critical exponents of the relevant correlation\nfunctions are determined from Monte Carlo simulations and scaling arguments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equation of state for directed percolation: Using field-theoretic renormalization group methods we calculate the equation\nof state for non-equilibrium systems belonging to the universality class of\ndirected percolation (Gribov process) to second order in epsilon = 4-d. By\nintroducing a parametric representation the result can be written to this order\nin a very simple form. We use our result to obtain a universal amplitude ratio\nto second order in epsilon.",
        "positive": "The derivation of model kinetic equation for gases and for plasmas: A new form of the model collision operator for a Boltzmann gas of hard\nspheres and Coulomb plasma is derived. One-component and many-component systems\nare considered. The collision operator proposed takes properly into account the\nrelaxation of the first 13 hydrodynamic moments. An expression for the\nintensity of the Langevin source in the model kinetic equation is obtained in\nthe same approximation. A technique for reconstruction of the model collision\nintegral based on a known expression for the model linearized operator is\nproposed. It is shown that, within our model, the collision integral does not\ncontain a complicated exponential, common for the ellipsoidal statistical type\nmodels. Boltzmann's H-theorem is proved for our model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simple-average expressions for shear-stress relaxation modulus: Focusing on isotropic elastic networks we propose a novel simple-average\nexpression $G(t) = \\mu_A - h(t)$ for the computational determination of the\nshear-stress relaxation modulus $G(t)$ of a classical elastic solid or fluid\nand its equilibrium modulus $\\G_{eq} = \\lim_{t \\to \\infty} G(t)$. Here, $\\mu_A\n= G(0)$ characterizes the shear transformation of the system at $t=0$ and\n$h(t)$ the (rescaled) mean-square displacement of the instantaneous shear\nstress $\\hat{\\tau}(t)$ as a function of time $t$. While investigating sampling\ntime effects we also discuss the related expressions in terms of shear-stress\nautocorrelation functions. We argue finally that our key relation may be\nreadily adapted for more general linear response functions.",
        "positive": "Quantum work distribution for a driven diatomic molecule: We compute the quantum work distribution for a driven Morse oscillator. To\nthis end, we solve the time-dependent dynamics for a scale-invariant process,\nfrom which the exact expressions for the transition probabilities are found.\nSpecial emphasis is put on the contributions to the work distribution from\ndiscrete (bound) and continuous (scattering) parts of the spectrum. The\nanalysis is concluded by comparing the work distribution for the exact Morse\npotential and the one resulting from a harmonic approximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary Effects in the One Dimensional Coulomb Gas: We use the functional integral technique of Edwards and Lenard to solve the\nstatistical mechanics of a one dimensional Coulomb gas with boundary\ninteractions leading to surface charging. The theory examined is a one\ndimensional model for a soap film. Finite size effects and the phenomenon of\ncharge regulation are studied. We also discuss the pressure of disjunction for\nsuch a film. Even in the absence of boundary potentials we find that the\npresence of a surface affects the physics in finite systems. In general we find\nthat in the presence of a boundary potential the long distance disjoining\npressure is positive but may become negative at closer interplane separations.\nThis is in accordance with the attractive forces seen at close separations in\ncolloidal and soap film experiments and with three dimensional calculations\nbeyond mean field. Finally our exact results are compared with the predictions\nof the corresponding Poisson-Boltzmann theory which is often used in the\ncontext of colloidal and thin liquid film systems.",
        "positive": "Effective and exact holographies from symmetries and dualities: The theoretical basis of the phenomenon of effective and exact dimensional\nreduction, or holographic correspondence, is investigated in a wide variety of\nphysical systems. We first derive general inequalities linking quantum systems\nof different spatial (or spatio-temporal) dimensionality, thus establishing\nbounds on arbitrary correlation functions. These bounds enforce an {\\em\neffective} dimensional reduction and become most potent in the presence of\ncertain symmetries. {\\em Exact} dimensional reduction can stem from a duality\nthat (i) follows from properties of the local density of states, and/or (ii)\nfrom properties of Hamiltonian-dependent algebras of interactions. Dualities of\nthe first type (i) are illustrated with large-$n$ vector theories whose local\ndensity of states may remain invariant under transformations that change the\ndimension. We argue that a broad class of examples of dimensional reduction may\nbe understood in terms of the functional dependence of observables on the local\ndensity of states. Dualities of the second type (ii) are obtained via {\\em bond\nalgebras}, a recently developed algebraic tool. We apply this technique to\nsystems displaying topological quantum order, and also discuss the implications\nof dimensional reduction for the storage of quantum information."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Order Parameters and Quantum Phase Transitions: A Finite-Size\n  Approach: We propose a method to construct universal order parameters for quantum phase\ntransitions in many-body lattice systems. The method exploits the\n$H$-orthogonality of a few near-degenerate lowest states of the Hamiltonian\ndescribing a given finite-size system, which makes it possible to perform\nfinite-size scaling and take full advantage of currently available numerical\nalgorithms. An explicit connection is established between the fidelity per site\nbetween two $H$-orthogonal states and the energy gap between the ground state\nand low-lying excited states in the finite-size system. The physical\ninformation encoded in this gap arising from finite-size fluctuations clarifies\nthe origin of the universal order parameter.We demonstrate the procedure for\nthe one-dimensional quantum formulation of the $q$-state Potts model, for\n$q=2,3,4$ and 5, as prototypical examples, using finite-size data obtained from\nthe density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm.",
        "positive": "Binary tree summation Monte Carlo method for Potts models: We give a new sampling algorithm for the Potts model based on the\nFortuin-Kasteleyn transformation. The method produces independent samples and\nsums up a large number of configurations for each sweep. The partition function\nand thermodynamic averages for all values of the temperature can be computed\nfrom a single run. We compare the results with exact 2D Ising model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ashkin-Teller model on the iso-radial graphs: We find the critical surface of the Ashkin-Teller model on the generic\niso-radial graphs by using the results for the anisotropic Ashkin-teller model\non the square lattice. Different geometrical aspects of this critical surface\nare discussed, especially their connection to the anisotropy angle. The free\nenergy of the model on the generic iso-radial graph is extracted using the\ninversion identities. In addition, lattice holomorphic variables are discussed\nat some particular points of the critical line. We check our conjectures\nnumerically for the anisotropic triangular-lattice Ashkin-Teller model.",
        "positive": "Detachment of molecular motors under tangential loading: We introduce a general framework to study the processivity of molecular\nmotors moving along a polar filament and discuss the average time spent\nattached to the filament as a function of a tangentially applied load. Our\nstudy of specific models suggests that the attachment time of a motor decreases\nwith increasing ATP concentration and that double-headed motors such as\nkinesins lose their processivity under forcing conditions while processive\nsingle-headed motors are less sensitive to tangential forcing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The eight-fold way for optical quasicrystals: In a recent Letter we proposed a means to realize a quasicrystal with\neight-fold symmetry by trapping particles in an optical potential created by\nfour lasers. The quasicrystals obtained in this way, which are closely related\nto the well-known octagonal tiling, offer unique possibilities to study the\neffects of quasiperiodicity on physical properties. This method allows to\ntransform the structures, to inflate or deflate them, include interactions or\ndisorder and thus realize a large variety of theoretical models, both classical\nand quantum. In this paper we derive a number of interesting geometrical\nproperties of the optical quasicrystals, and present some results obtained by\nnumerical calculations.",
        "positive": "Condensation in randomly perturbed zero-range processes: The zero-range process is a stochastic interacting particle system that\nexhibits a condensation transition under certain conditions on the dynamics. It\nhas recently been found that a small perturbation of a generic class of jump\nrates leads to a drastic change of the phase diagram and prevents condensation\nin an extended parameter range. We complement this study with rigorous results\non a finite critical density and quenched free energy in the thermodynamic\nlimit, as well as quantitative heuristic results for small and large noise\nwhich are supported by detailed simulation data. While our new results support\nthe initial findings, they also shed new light on the actual (limited)\nrelevance in large finite systems, which we discuss via fundamental diagrams\nobtained from exact numerics for finite systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cellular automata approach to three-phase traffic theory: The cellular automata (CA) approach to traffic modeling is extended to allow\nfor spatially homogeneous steady state solutions that cover a two dimensional\nregion in the flow-density plane. Hence these models fulfill a basic postulate\nof a three-phase traffic theory proposed by Kerner. This is achieved by a\nsynchronization distance, within which a vehicle always tries to adjust its\nspeed to the one of the vehicle in front. In the CA models presented, the\nmodelling of the free and safe speeds, the slow-to-start rules as well as some\ncontributions to noise are based on the ideas of the Nagel-Schreckenberg type\nmodelling. It is shown that the proposed CA models can be very transparent and\nstill reproduce the two main types of congested patterns (the general pattern\nand the synchronized flow pattern) as well as their dependence on the flows\nnear an on-ramp, in qualitative agreement with the recently developed continuum\nversion of the three-phase traffic theory [B. S. Kerner and S. L. Klenov. 2002.\nJ. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 35, L31]. These features are qualitatively different\nthan in previously considered CA traffic models. The probability of the\nbreakdown phenomenon (i.e., of the phase transition from free flow to\nsynchronized flow) as function of the flow rate to the on-ramp and of the flow\nrate on the road upstream of the on-ramp is investigated. The capacity drops at\nthe on-ramp which occur due to the formation of different congested patterns\nare calculated.",
        "positive": "Singular perturbation near mode-coupling transition: We study the simplest mode-coupling equation which describes the time\ncorrelation function of the spherical p-spin glass model. We formulate a\nsystematic perturbation theory near the mode-coupling transition point by\nintroducing multiple time scales. In this formulation, the invariance with\nrespect to the dilatation of time in a late stage yields an arbitrary constant\nin a leading order expression of the solution. The value of this constant is\ndetermined by a solvability condition associated with a linear singular\nequation for perturbative corrections in the late stage. The solution thus\nconstructed provides exactly the alpha-relaxation time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation Functions and Fluctuation-Dissipation Relation in Driven\n  Mixtures: an exactly solvable model: The dynamics of a binary system with non conserved order parameter under a\nplain shear flow with rate $\\gamma $ is solved analytically in the large-N\nlimit. A phase transition is observed at a critical temperature $T_c(\\gamma)$.\nAfter a quench from a high temperature equilibrium state to a lower temperature\n$T$ a non-equilibrium stationary state is entered when $T>T_c(\\gamma)$, while\naging dynamics characterizes the phases with $T\\leq T_c(\\gamma)$. Two-time\nquantities are computed and the off-equilibrium generalization of the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem is provided.",
        "positive": "Universal R\u00e9nyi Entropy of Quasiparticle Excitations: The R\\'enyi entropies of quasiparticle excitations in the many-body gapped\nsystems show a remarkable universal picture which can be understood partially\nby combination of a semiclassical argument with the quantum effect of\n(in)distinguishability. The universal R\\'enyi entropies are independent of the\nmodel, the quasiparticle momenta, and the connectedness of the subsystem. In\nthis letter we calculate exactly the single-interval and double-interval\nR\\'enyi entropies of quasiparticle excitations in the many-body gapped\nfermions, bosons, and XY chains. We find additional contributions to the\nuniversal R\\'enyi entropy in the excited states with quasiparticles of\ndifferent momenta. The additional terms are different in the fermionic and\nbosonic chains, depend on the momentum differences of the quasiparticles, and\nare different for the single interval and the double interval. We derive the\nanalytical R\\'enyi entropy in the extremely gapped limit, matching perfectly\nthe numerical results as long as either the intrinsic correlation length of the\nmodel or all the de Broglie wavelengths of the quasiparticles are small. When\nthe momentum difference of any pair of distinct quasiparticles is small, the\nadditional terms are non-negligible. On the contrary, when the difference of\nthe momenta of each pair of distinct quasiparticles is large, the additional\nterms could be neglected. The universal single-interval R\\'enyi entropy and its\nadditional terms in the XY chain are the same as those in the fermionic chain,\nwhile the universal R\\'enyi entropy of the double intervals and its additional\nterms are different, due to the fact that the local degrees of freedom of the\nXY chain are the Pauli matrices not the spinless fermions. We argue that the\nderived formulas have universal properties and can be applied for a wider range\nof models than those discussed here."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New sum rule identities and duality relation for the Potts $n$-point\n  correlation function: It is shown that certain sum rule identities exist which relate correlation\nfunctions for $n$ Potts spins on the boundary of a planar lattice for $n\\geq\n4$. Explicit expressions of the identities are obtained for $n=4,5$. It is also\nshown that the identities provide the missing link needed for a complete\ndetermination of the duality relation for the $n$-point correlation function.\nThe $n=4$ duality relation is obtained explicitly. More generally we deduce the\nnumber of correlation identities for any $n$ as well as an inversion relation\nand a conjecture on the general form of the duality relation.",
        "positive": "Ising Model for the Freezing Transition: A spin-1 Ising model incorporating positional order to a standard lattice gas\nwith no attractive interactions is introduced and found to be consistent with\nall known attributes of the freezing transition of the hard-sphere system.\nImplementation of attractive interactions in a fairly natural way then allows\nevery aspect of the phase diagram of a simple substance to be reproduced. The\n\\emph{whole} phase behavior of such sort of substances is thus found to sharply\nmanifest the van der Waals picture highlighting the relevance of harsh\nrepulsive forces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of Frustration on Fluctuation-dissipation Relations: We study numerically the aging properties of the two-dimensional Ising model\nwith quenched disorder considered in our recent paper [Phys. Rev. E 95, 062136\n(2017)], where frustration can be tuned by varying the fraction a of\nantiferromagnetic interactions. Specifically we focus on the scaling properties\nof the autocorrelation and linear response functions after a quench of the\nmodel to a low temperature. We find that the interplay between equilibrium and\naging occurs differently in the various regions of the phase diagram of the\nmodel. When the quench is made into the ferromagnetic phase the two-time\nquantities are made by the sum of an equilibrium and an aging part, whereas in\nthe paramagnetic phase these parts combine in a multiplicative way. Scaling\nforms are shown to be obeyed with good accuracy, and the corresponding\nexponents and scaling functions are determined and discussed in the framework\nof what is known in clean and disordered systems.",
        "positive": "Dynamic critical properties of non-equilibrium Potts models with\n  absorbing states: We present extensive numerical simulations of a family of non-equilibrium\nPotts models with absorbing states that allows for a variety of scenarios,\ndepending on the number of spin states and the range of the spin-spin\ninteractions. These scenarios encompass a voter critical point, a discontinuous\ntransition as well as the presence of both a symmetry-breaking phase transition\nand an absorbing phase transition. While we also investigate standard\nsteady-state quantities, our emphasis is on time-dependent quantities that\nprovide insights into the transient properties of the models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Measurement Cooling: Invasiveness of quantum measurements is a genuinely quantum mechanical\nfeature that is not necessarily detrimental: Here we show how quantum\nmeasurements can be used to fuel a cooling engine. We illustrate quantum\nmeasurement cooling (QMC) by means of a prototypical two-stroke two-qubit\nengine which interacts with a measurement apparatus and two heat reservoirs at\ndifferent temperatures. We show that feedback control is not necessary for\noperation while entanglement must be present in the measurement projectors. We\nquantify the probability that QMC occurs when the measurement basis is chosen\nrandomly, and find that it can be very large as compared to the probability of\nextracting energy (heat engine operation), while remaining always smaller than\nthe most useless operation, namely dumping heat in both baths. These results\nshow that QMC can be very robust to experimental noise. A possible\nlow-temperature solid-state implementation that integrates circuit QED\ntechnology with circuit quantum thermodynamics technology is presented.",
        "positive": "Topology of configuration space of the mean-field phi^4 model by Morse\n  theory: In this paper we present the study of the topology of the equipotential\nhypersurfaces of configuration space of the mean-field $\\phi^4$ model with a\n$\\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry. Our purpose is discovering, if any, the relation\nbetween the second-order $\\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry breaking phase transition and\nthe geometric entities mentioned above. The mean-field interaction allows us to\nsolve analytically either the thermodynamic in the canonical ensemble or the\ntopology by means of Morse theory. We have analyzed the results at the light of\ntwo theorems on sufficiency conditions for symmetry breaking phase transitions\nrecently proven. This study makes part of a research line based on the general\nframework of geometric-topological approach to Hamiltonian chaos and critical\nphenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A class of energy based ensembles in Tsallis statistics: A comprehensive investigation is carried out on the class of energy based\nensembles. The eight ensembles are divided into two main classes. In the\nisothermal class of ensembles the individual members are at the same\ntemperature. A unified framework is evolved to describe the four isothermal\nensembles. Such a description is provided both in the second and the third\nconstraint formalisms. The isothermal- isobaric, grandcanonical and the\ngeneralized ensembles are illustrated through a study of the classical\nnonrelativistic and the extreme relativistic ideal gas models. In the adiabatic\nclass of ensembles the individual members of the ensemble have the same value\nof the heat function and a unified formulation to described all the four\nensembles is given. The nonrelativistic and the extreme relativistic ideal\ngases are studied in the isoenthalpic-isobaric ensemble, the adiabatic ensemble\nwith number fluctuations, and, the adiabatic ensemble with number and particle\nfluctuations.",
        "positive": "Models of Fractal River Basins: Two distinct models for self-similar and self-affine river basins are\nnumerically investigated. They yield fractal aggregation patterns following\nnon-trivial power laws in experimentally relevant distributions. Previous\nnumerical estimates on the critical exponents, when existing, are confirmed and\nsuperseded. A physical motivation for both models in the present framework is\nalso discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unified Jarzynski and Sagawa-Ueda relations for Maxwell's demon: By using Newtonian mechanics, we construct a general model of Maxwell's\ndemon, a system in which the engine and the memory interact only through the\nexchange of information. We show that the Jarzynski relation and the two\nSagawa-Ueda relations hold simultaneously, and argue that they are the unique\ntriplet which has a natural decomposition property. The uniqueness provides a\nstrong support to the assertion that the mutual information is the key\nquantity.",
        "positive": "Quantum heat engines with multiferroic working substance: The work provides an overview on some recent advances in the area of quantum\nthermodynamics and quantum heat engines. A particular emphasis is put on the\npossibility of constructing finite time quantum cycles and adiabatic shortcuts.\nWe discuss in details the particular quantum heat engines operating with a\nmultiferroic working substance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Poissonian resetting of subdiffusion in a linear potential: Resetting a stochastic process is an important problem describing the\nevolution of physical, biological and other systems which are continually\nreturned to their certain fixed point. We consider the motion of a subdiffusive\nparticle with a constant drift under Poissonian resetting. In this model the\nstochastic process is Brownian motion subordinated by an inverse infinitely\ndivisible process (subordinator). Although this approach includes a wide class\nof subdiffusive system with Poissonian resetting by using different\nsubordinators, each of such systems has a stationary state with the asymmetric\nLaplace distribution in which the scale and asymmetric parameters depend on the\nLaplace exponent of the subordinators used. Moreover, the mean time for the\nparticle to reach a target is finite and has a minimum, optimal with respect to\nthe resetting rate. Features of L\\'evy motion under this resetting and the\neffect of a linear potential are discussed.",
        "positive": "The probability distribution of Brownian motion in periodic potentials: We calculate the probability distribution function (PDF) of an overdamped\nBrownian particle moving in a periodic potential energy landscape $U(x)$. The\nPDF is found by solving the corresponding Smoluchowski diffusion equation. We\nderive the solution for any periodic even function $U(x)$, and demonstrate that\nit is asymptotically (at large time $t$) correct up to terms decaying faster\nthan $\\sim t^{-3/2}$. As part of the derivation, we also recover the\nLifson-Jackson formula for the effective diffusion coefficient of the dynamics.\nThe derived solution exhibits agreement with Langevin dynamics simulations when\n(i) the periodic length is much larger than the ballistic length of the\ndynamics, and (ii) when the potential barrier $\\Delta U=\\max(U(x))-\\min(U(x))$\nis not much larger than the thermal energy $k_BT$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation Theorem, non linear response and the regularity of time\n  reversal symmetry: The Gallavotti - Cohen Fluctuation Theorem (FT) implies an infinite set of\nidentities between correlation functions that can be seen as a generalization\nof Green Kubo formula to the nonlinear regime. As an application, we discuss a\nperturbative check of the FT relation through these identities for a simple\nAnosov reversible system; we find that the lack of differentiability of the\ntime reversal symmetry implies a violation of the Gallavotti - Cohen\nfluctuation relation. Finally, a brief comparison with Lebowitz - Spohn FT is\nreported.",
        "positive": "Revisiting the work \"Brownian motion with time-dependent friction and\n  single-particle dynamics in liquids\" by Lad, Patel, and Pratap [Phys. Rev. E\n  105, 064107 (2022)]: Recently, Lad, Patel, and Pratap (LP&P) [Phys. Rev. E 105, 064107 (2022)]\nrevisited a microscopic theory of molecular motion in liquids, proposed by\nGlass and Rice [Phys. Rev. 176, 239 (1968)]. Coming from this theory, LP&P\nderived a new equation of motion for the velocity autocorrelation function\n(VAF) and argued that the friction coefficient of particles in liquids should\nexponentially depend on time. The numerical solution of this equation was\nfitted to the results of molecular dynamics simulations on different liquids.\nIn our Comment [Phys. Rev. E 108, 036107 (2023)], we showed that this solution,\nobtained under the condition of zero derivative of the VAF at time t = 0, is\nphysically incorrect. This was evidenced by our exact analytical solution for\nthe VAF, not found by LP&P, and numerically, by using the same method as in the\ncommented work. In the Reply [Phys. Rev. E 108, 036108 (2023)], Lad, Patel,\nPratap, and Pandya claimed that our solution does not satisfy all the necessary\nboundary conditions and is thus not appropriate for the description of atomic\ndynamics in liquids. Until and unless proven otherwise they do not find any\nreason for the reconsideration of their theory. Here we give a rebuttal to this\nReply and, returning to the original work by LP&P, show that the presented\nthere equation for the VAF is wrong. Due to errors in its derivation, it is,\namong other inconsistencies, incompatible precisely with the boundary\nconditions for the VAF which lie in the basis of their theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetically Stabilized Order. II: Critical states and algebraically\n  ordered nematic spin liquids in one-dimensional optical lattices: We investigate the Zeeman-field-driven quantum phase transitions between\nsinglet spin liquids and algebraically ordered O(2) nematic spin liquids of\nspin-one bosons in one-dimensional optical lattices. We find that the critical\nbehavior is characterized by condensation of hardcore bosons instead of ideal\nmagnons in high dimensional lattices. Critical exponents are strongly\nrenormalized by hardcore interactions and critical states are equivalent to the\nfree Fermion model up to the Friedal oscillations. We also find that the\nalgebraically ordered nematic spin liquids close to critical points are fully\ncharacterized by the Luttinger liquid dynamics with Luttinger liquid parameters\nmagnetically tunable. The Bethe Ansatz solution has been applied to determine\nthe critical magnetization and nematic correlations.",
        "positive": "Memory Effects in Nonequilibrium Transport for Deterministic Hamiltonian\n  Systems: We consider nonequilibrium transport in a simple chain of identical\nmechanical cells in which particles move around. In each cell, there is a\nrotating disc, with which these particles interact, and this is the only\ninteraction in the model. It was shown in \\cite{eckmann-young} that when the\ncells are weakly coupled, to a good approximation, the jump rates of particles\nand the energy-exchange rates from cell to cell follow linear profiles. Here,\nwe refine that study by analyzing higher-order effects which are induced by the\npresence of external gradients for situations in which memory effects, typical\nof Hamiltonian dynamics, cannot be neglected. For the steady state we propose a\nset of balance equations for the particle number and energy in terms of the\nreflection probabilities of the cell and solve it phenomenologically. Using\nthis approximate theory we explain how these asymmetries affect various aspects\nof heat and particle transport in systems of the general type described above\nand obtain in the infinite volume limit the deviation from the theory in\n\\cite{eckmann-young} to first-order. We verify our assumptions with extensive\nnumerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mean-field approximation for a limit order driven market model: The mean-field variant of the model of limit order driven market introduced\nrecently by Maslov is formulated and solved. The agents do not have any\nstrategies and the memory of the system is kept within the order book. We show\nthat he evolution of the order book is governed by a matrix multiplicative\nprocess. The resulting stationary distribution of step-to-step price changes is\ncalculated. It exhibits a power-law tail with exponent 2. We obtain also the\nprice autocorrelation function, which agrees qualitatively with the\nexperimentally observed negative autocorrelation for short times.",
        "positive": "Study of Exponential Growth Constants of Directed Heteropolygonal\n  Archimedean Lattices: We infer upper and lower bounds on the exponential growth constants\n$\\alpha(\\Lambda)$, $\\alpha_0(\\Lambda)$, and $\\beta(\\Lambda)$ describing the\nlarge-$n$ behavior of, respectively, the number of acyclic orientations,\nacyclic orientations with a unique source vertex, and totally cyclic\norientations of arrows on bonds of several $n$-vertex heteropolygonal\nArchimedean lattices $\\Lambda$. These are, to our knowledge, the best bounds on\nthese growth constants. The inferred upper and lower bounds on the growth\nconstants are quite close to each other, which enables us to derive rather\naccurate values for the actual exponential growth constants. Combining our new\nresults for heteropolygonal Archimedean lattices with our recent results for\nhomopolygonal Archimedean lattices, we show that the exponential growth\nconstants $\\alpha(\\Lambda)$, $\\alpha_0(\\Lambda)$, and $\\beta(\\Lambda)$ on these\nlattices are monotonically increasing functions of the lattice coordination\nnumber. Comparisons are made with the corresponding growth constants for\nspanning trees on these lattices. Our findings provide further support for the\nMerino-Welsh and Conde-Merino conjectures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact closed probability-free kinetic equation for system of classical\n  particles with retarded interactions: towards microscopic foundation of\n  kinetics: The exact closed equation of motion for microscopic distribution function of\nclassical many-body system with account of interactions retardation between\nparticles is derived. It is shown that interactions retardation leads to\nirreversible behaviour of many-body systems.\n  PACS: 05.20.Dd ; 05.60.-k; 45.20.-d",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic uncertainty relations for coherently driven open quantum\n  systems: In classical Markov jump processes, current fluctuations can only be reduced\nat the cost of increased dissipation. To explore how quantum effects influence\nthis trade-off, we analyze the uncertainty of steady-state currents in\nMarkovian open quantum systems. We first consider three instructive examples\nand then systematically minimize the product of uncertainty and entropy\nproduction for small open quantum systems. As our main result, we find that the\nthermodynamic cost of reducing fluctuations can be lowered below the classical\nbound by coherence. We conjecture that this cost can be made arbitrarily small\nin quantum systems with sufficiently many degrees of freedom. Our results\nthereby provide a general guideline for the design of thermal machines in the\nquantum regime that operate with high thermodynamic precision, meaning low\ndissipation and small fluctuations around average values."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Many-body T-matrix of a two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate within\n  the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov formalism: In a two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate the reduction in dimensionality\nfundamentally influences collisions between the atoms. In the crossover regime\nfrom three to two dimensions several scattering parameters have been\nconsidered. However, finite temperature results are more difficult to obtain.\nIn this work we present the many-body T-matrix at finite temperatures within a\ngapless Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approach and compare to zero and finite\ntemperature results obtained using different approaches. A semi-classical\nrenormalization method is used to remove the ultra-violet divergence of the\nanomalous average.",
        "positive": "Stochastic model of self-driven two-species objects in the context of\n  the pedestrian dynamics: In this work we propose a model to describe the statistical fluctuations of\nthe self-driven objects (species A) walking against an opposite crowd (species\nB) in order to simulate the regime characterized by stop-and-go waves in the\ncontext of pedestrian dynamics. By using the concept of single-biased random\nwalks (SBRW), this setup is modeled both via partial differential equations and\nby Monte-Carlo simulations. The problem is non-interacting until the opposite\nparticles visit the same cell of the considered particle. In this situation,\ndelays on the residence time of the particles per cell depends on the\nconcentration of particles of opposite species. We analyzed the fluctuations on\nthe position of particles and our results show a non-regular diffusion\ncharacterized by long-tailed and asymmetric distributions which is better\nfitted by some chromatograph distributions found in the literature. We also\nshow that effects of the reverse crowd particles is able to enlarge the\ndispersion of target particles in relation to the non-biased case ($\\alpha =0$)\nafter observing a small decrease of this dispersion"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the existence of a glass transition in a Random Energy Model: We consider a generalized version of the Random Energy Model in which the\nenergy of each configuration is given by the sum of $N$ independent\ncontributions (\"local energies\") with finite variances but otherwise arbitrary\nstatistics. Using the large deviation formalism, we find that the glass\ntransition generically exists when local energies have a smooth distribution.\nIn contrast, if the distribution of the local energies has a {Dirac mass} at\nthe minimal energy (e.g., if local energies take discrete values), the glass\ntransition ceases to exist if the number of energy levels grows sufficiently\nfast with system size. This shows that statistical independence of energy\nlevels does not imply the existence of a glass transition.",
        "positive": "Bose Glass in Large N Commensurate Dirty Boson Model: The large N commensurate dirty boson model, in both the weakly and strongly\ncommensurate cases, is considered via a perturbative renormalization group\ntreatment. In the weakly commensurate case, there exists a fixed line under RG\nflow, with varying amounts of disorder along the line. Including 1/N\ncorrections causes the system to flow to strong disorder, indicating that the\nmodel does not have a phase transition perturbatively connected to the Mott\nInsulator-Superfluid (MI-SF) transition. I discuss the qualitative effects of\ninstantons on the low energy density of excitations. In the strongly\ncommensurate case, a fixed point found previously is considered and results are\nobtained for higher moments of the correlation functions. To lowest order,\ncorrelation functions have a log-normal distribution. Finally, I prove two\ninteresting theorems for large N vector models with disorder, relevant to the\nproblem of replica symmetry breaking and frustration in such systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal Percolation for Interacting Monomers Adsorbed on Square Lattices: In this paper the percolation of monomers on a square lattice is studied as\nthe particles interact with either repulsive or attractive energies. By means\nof a finite-size scaling analysis, the critical exponents and the scaling\ncollapsing of the fraction of percolating lattice are found. A phase diagram\nseparating a percolating from a non-percolating region is determined. The main\nfeatures of the phase diagram are discussed in terms of simple considerations\nrelated to the interactions present in the problem. The influence of the phase\ntransitions occurring in the system is reflected by the phase diagram. In\naddition, a scaling treatment maintaining constant the surface coverage and\nvarying the temperature of the system is performed. In all the considered\ncases, the universality class of the model is found to be the same as for the\nrandom percolation model.",
        "positive": "Phase separation of the Potts model in que square lattice: When the two dimensional q-color Potts model in the square lattice is\nquenched at zero temperature with Glauber dynamics, the energy decreases in\ntime following an Allen-Cahn power law, and the system converges to a phase\nwith energy higher than the ground state energy after an arbitrary large time\nwhen q>4. At low but finite temperature, it cesses to obey the power-law regime\nand orders after a very long time, which increases with q, and before which it\nperforms a domain growth process which tends to be slower as q increases. We\nbriefly present and comment numerical results on the ordering at nonzero\ntemperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Velocity distribution functions and intermittency in one-dimensional\n  randomly forced Burgers turbulence: The problem of one-dimensional randomly forced Burgers turbulence is\nconsidered in terms of (1+1) directed polymers. In the limit of strong\nturbulence (which corresponds to the zero temperature limit for the directed\npolymer system) using the replica technique a general explicit expression for\nthe joint distribution function of two velocities separated by a finite\ndistance is derived. In particular, it is shown that at length scales much\nsmaller than the injection length of the Burgers random force the moments of\nthe velocity increment exhibit typical strong intermittency behavior.",
        "positive": "Effect of mobility in the rock-paper-scissor dynamics with high\n  mortality: In the evolutionary dynamics of a rock-paper-scissor (RPS) model, the effect\nof natural death plays a major role in determining the fate of the system.\nCoexistence, being an unstable fixed point of the model becomes very sensitive\ntowards this parameter. In order to study the effect of mobility in such a\nsystem which has explicit dependence on mortality, we perform Monte Carlo\nsimulation on a $2$-dimensional lattice having three cyclically-competing\nspecies. The spatio-temporal dynamics has been studied along with the two-site\ncorrelation function. Spatial distribution exhibits emergence of spiral\npatterns in the presence of diffusion. It reveals that the joint effect of\ndeath rate and diffusion (migration) leads to new coexistence and extinction\nscenarios."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An Exact Solution for the Lattice Gas Model in One Dimension: A simple method to obtain a canonical partition function for one dimensional\nlattice gas model is presented. The simplification is based upon rewriting a\nsum over all possible configurations to a sum over numbers of clusters in the\nsystem.",
        "positive": "Kadanoff-Baym equations and non-Markovian Boltzmann equation in\n  generalized T-matrix approximation: A recently developed method for incorporating initial binary correlations\ninto the Kadanoff-Baym equations (KBE) is used to derive a generalized T-matrix\napproximation for the self-energies. It is shown that the T-matrix obtains\nadditional contributions arising from initial correlations. Using these results\nand taking the time-diagonal limit of the KBE, a generalized quantum kinetic\nequation in binary collision approximation is derived. This equation is a\nfar-reaching generalization of Boltzmann-type kinetic equations: it\nselfconsistently includes memory effects (retardation, off-shell T-matrices) as\nwell as many-particle effects (damping, in-medium T-Matrices) and\nspin-statistics effects (Pauli-blocking)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonexponential fidelity decay in isolated interacting quantum systems: We study isolated finite interacting quantum systems after an instantaneous\nperturbation and show three scenarios in which the probability for finding the\ninitial state later in time (fidelity) decays nonexponentially, often all the\nway to saturation. The decays analyzed involve Gaussian, Bessel of the first\nkind, and cosine squared functions. The Gaussian behavior emerges in systems\nwith two-body interactions in the limit of strong perturbation. The Bessel\nfunction, associated with the evolution under full random matrices, is obtained\nwith surprisingly sparse random matrices. The cosine squared behavior,\nestablished by the energy-time uncertainty relation, is approached after a\nlocal perturbation in space.",
        "positive": "The Fermi Statistics of a Weakly Excited Particle in a Vibrating Bed: A one dimensional experiment in granular dynamics is carried out to test the\nthermodynamic theory of weakly excited granular systems [Hayakawa and Hong,\nPhys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2764(1997)] where granular particles are treated as\nspinless Fermions. The density profile is measured and then fit to the Fermi\ndistribution function, from which the global temperature of the system, $T$, is\ndetermined. Then the center of mass, $< z(T) >$, and its fluctuations, $<\n\\Delta z(T)^2 >$, are measured and plotted as functions of $T$. The Fermi\nfunction fits the density profile fairly well, with the value of $T$ being\nreasonably close to the predicted value. The scaling behavior of $< z(T) >$ and\n$< \\Delta z(T) ^2 >$ is in excellent agreement with the theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Domain wall theory and non-stationarity in driven flow with exclusion: We study the dynamical evolution toward steady state of the stochastic\nnon-equilibrium model known as totally asymmetric simple exclusion process, in\nboth uniform and non-uniform (staggered) one-dimensional systems with open\nboundaries. Domain-wall theory and numerical simulations are used and, where\npertinent, their results are compared to existing mean-field predictions and\nexact solutions where available. For uniform chains we find that the inclusion\nof fluctuations inherent to the domain-wall formulation plays a crucial role in\nproviding good agreement with simulations, which is severely lacking in the\ncorresponding mean-field predictions. For alternating-bond chains the\ndomain-wall predictions for the features of the phase diagram in the parameter\nspace of injection and ejection rates turn out to be realized only in an\nincipient and quantitatively approximate way. Nevertheless, significant\nquantitative agreement can be found between several additional domain-wall\ntheory predictions and numerics.",
        "positive": "Entropy from Machine Learning: We translate the problem of calculating the entropy of a set of binary\nconfigurations/signals into a sequence of supervised classification tasks.\nSubsequently, one can use virtually any machine learning classification\nalgorithm for computing entropy. This procedure can be used to compute entropy,\nand consequently the free energy directly from a set of Monte Carlo\nconfigurations at a given temperature. As a test of the proposed method, using\nan off-the-shelf machine learning classifier we reproduce the entropy and free\nenergy of the 2D Ising model from Monte Carlo configurations at various\ntemperatures throughout its phase diagram. Other potential applications include\ncomputing the entropy of spiking neurons or any other multidimensional binary\nsignals."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamic states of phonons in insulators: The Chapman-Enskog method is generalized for accounting the effect of kinetic\nmodes on hydrodynamic evolution. Hydrodynamic states of phonon system of\ninsulators have been studied in a small drift velocity approximation. For\nsimplicity, the investigation was carried out for crystals of the cubic class\nsymmetry. It has been found that in phonon hydrodynamics, local equilibrium is\nviolated even in the approximation linear in velocity. This is due to the\nabsence of phonon momentum conservation law that leads to a drift velocity\nrelaxation. Phonon hydrodynamic equations which take dissipative processes into\naccount have been obtained. The results were compared with the standard theory\nbased on the local equilibrium validity. Integral equations have been obtained\nfor calculating the objects of the theory (including viscosity and heat\nconductivity). It has been shown that in low temperature limit, these equations\nare solvable by iterations. Steady states of the system have been considered\nand an expression for steady state heat conductivity has been obtained. It\ncoincides with the famous result by Akhiezer in the leading low temperature\napproximation. It has been established that temperature distribution in the\nsteady state of insulator satisfies a condition of heat source absence.",
        "positive": "Lekner summations and Ewald summations for quasi-two dimensional systems: Using the specific model of a bilayer of classical charged particles (bilayer\nWigner crystal), we compare the predictions for energies and pair distribution\nfunctions obtained by Monte Carlo simulations using three different methods\navailable to treat the long range Coulomb interactions in systems periodic in\ntwo directions but bound in the third one. The three methods compared are: the\nEwald method for quasi-two dimensional systems [D.E. Parry, Surf. Sci.\n$\\bm{49}$, 433 (1975); \\it{ibid.}, $\\bm{54}$, 195 (1976)], the Hautman-Klein\nmethod [J. Hautman and M.L. Klein, Mol. Phys. $\\bm{75}$, 379 (1992)] and the\nLekner summations method [J. Lekner, Physica A$\\bm{176}$, 485 (1991)]. All of\nthe three method studied in this paper may be applied to any quasi-two\ndimensional systems, including those having not the specific symmetry of slab\nsystems. For the particular system used in this work, the Ewald method for\nquasi-two dimensional systems is exact and may be implemented with efficiency;\nresults obtained with the other two methods are systematically compared to\nresults found with the Ewald method. General recommendations to implement with\naccuracy, but not always with efficiency, the Lekner summations technique in\nMonte Carlo algorithms are given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bethe ansatz solution of discrete time stochastic processes with fully\n  parallel update: We present the Bethe ansatz solution for the discrete time zero range and\nasymmetric exclusion processes with fully parallel dynamics. The model depends\non two parameters: $p$, the probability of single particle hopping, and $q$,\nthe deformation parameter, which in the general case, $|q|<1$, is responsible\nfor long range interaction between particles. The particular case $q=0$\ncorresponds to the Nagel-Schreckenberg traffic model with $v_{\\mathrm{max}}=1$.\nAs a result, we obtain the largest eigenvalue of the equation for the\ngenerating function of the distance travelled by particles. For the case $q=0$\nthe result is obtained for arbitrary size of the lattice and number of\nparticles. In the general case we study the model in the scaling limit and\nobtain the universal form specific for the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality\nclass. We describe the phase transition occurring in the limit $p\\to 1$ when\n$q<0$.",
        "positive": "Finite-time erasing of information stored in fermionic bits: We address the issue of minimizing the heat generated when erasing the\ninformation stored in an array of quantum dots in finite time. We identify the\nfundamental limitations and trade-offs involved in this process and analyze how\na feedback operation can help improve it."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling Concepts in Periodically Modulated Noisy Systems: We show that scaling arguments are very useful to analyze the dynamics of\nperiodically modulated noisy systems. Information about the behavior of the\nrelevant quantities, such as the signal-to-noise ratio, upon variations of the\nnoise level, can be obtained by analyzing the symmetries and invariances of the\nsystem. In this way, it is possible to predict diverse physical manifestations\nof the cooperative behavior between noise and input signal, as for instance\nstochastic resonance, spatiotemporal stochastic resonance, and stochastic\nmultiresonance.",
        "positive": "A framework for the direct evaluation of large deviations in\n  non-Markovian processes: We propose a general framework to simulate stochastic trajectories with\narbitrarily long memory dependence and efficiently evaluate large deviation\nfunctions associated to time-extensive observables. This extends the \"cloning\"\nprocedure of Giardin\\'a et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 120603 (2006)] to\nnon-Markovian systems. We demonstrate the validity of this method by testing\nnon-Markovian variants of an ion-channel model and the Totally Asymmetric\nExclusion Process, recovering results obtainable by other means."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical properties of Toom cellular automata: This paper is the continuation of our earlier considerations on cellular\nautomata with Toom local rule (TCA) as the alternative to kinetic Ising\nsystems. The arguments for TCA stationary states not being the equilibrium\nstates are found in simulations.",
        "positive": "General Framework for phase synchronization through localized sets: We present an approach which enables to identify phase synchronization in\ncoupled chaotic oscillators without having to explicitly measure the phase. We\nshow that if one defines a typical event in one oscillator and then observes\nanother one whenever this event occurs, these observations give rise to a\nlocalized set. Our result provides a general and easy way to identify PS, which\ncan also be used to oscillators that possess multiple time scales. We\nillustrate our approach in networks of chemically coupled neurons. We show that\nclusters of phase synchronous neurons may emerge before the onset of phase\nsynchronization in the whole network, producing a suitable environment for\ninformation exchanging. Furthermore, we show the relation between the localized\nsets and the amount of information that coupled chaotic oscillator can\nexchange."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover phenomena involving the dense O($n$) phase: We explore the properties of the low-temperature phase of the O($n$) loop\nmodel in two dimensions by means of transfer-matrix calculations and\nfinite-size scaling. We determine the stability of this phase with respect to\nseveral kinds of perturbations, including cubic anisotropy, attraction between\nloop segments, double bonds and crossing bonds. In line with Coulomb gas\npredictions, cubic anisotropy and crossing bonds are found to be relevant and\nintroduce crossover to different types of behavior. Whereas perturbations in\nthe form of loop-loop attractions and double bonds are irrelevant, sufficiently\nstrong perturbations of these types induce a phase transition of the Ising\ntype, at least in the cases investigated. This Ising transition leaves the\nunderlying universal low-temperature O($n$) behavior unaffected.",
        "positive": "Explosive percolations on the Bethe Lattice: Based on the self-consistent equations of the order parameter $P_\\infty$ and\nthe mean cluster size $S$, we develop a novel self-consistent simulation (SCS)\nmethod for arbitrary percolation on the Bethe lattice (infinite homogeneous\nCayley tree). By applying SCS to the well-known percolation models, random bond\npercolation and bootstrap percolation, we obtain prototype functions for\ncontinuous and discontinuous phase transitions. By comparing the key functions\nobtained from SCSs for the Achlioptas processes (APs) with a product rule and a\nsum rule to the prototype functions, we show that the percolation transition of\nAP models on the Bethe lattice is continuous regardless of details of growth\nrules."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Periodic Homogenization for Inertial Particles: We study the problem of homogenization for inertial particles moving in a\nperiodic velocity field, and subject to molecular diffusion. We show that,\nunder appropriate assumptions on the velocity field, the large scale, long time\nbehavior of the inertial particles is governed by an effective diffusion\nequation for the position variable alone. To achieve this we use a formal\nmultiple scale expansion in the scale parameter. This expansion relies on the\nhypo-ellipticity of the underlying diffusion. An expression for the diffusivity\ntensor is found and various of its properties studied. In particular, an\nexpansion in terms of the non-dimensional particle relaxation time $\\tau$ (the\nStokes number) is shown to co-incide with the known result for passive\n(non-inertial) tracers in the singular limit $\\tau \\to 0$. This requires the\nsolution of a singular perturbation problem, achieved by means of a formal\nmultiple scales expansion in $\\tau.$ Incompressible and potential fields are\nstudied, as well as fields which are neither, and theoretical findings are\nsupported by numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "A new perspective to formulate a dissipative thermo field dynamics: In the present study, we propose a new perspective on thermal dissipation\nbased on the thermo field dynamics. From the view point of the renormalization\ntheory, there appear effective interactions between the original and tilde\nspaces on thermo field dynamics with reducing thermal disturbances. This study\nyields the equivalence of the following two pictures, namely such a spin system\nwith a random field due to a heat bath as is defined in a Hilbert space and a\nfinite-size system with effective interactions defined in a double Hilbert\nspace. The correspondence of the above two systems yields such perspective that\nthe thermal disturbance is described by the effective non-Hermitian\ninteractions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work fluctuations in a nematic liquid crystal: The orientation fluctuations of the director of a liquid crystal are\nmeasured, by a sensitive polarization interferometer, close to the\nFr\\'eedericksz transition, which is a second order transition driven by an\nelectric field. Using mean field theory, we define the work injected into the\nsystem by a change of the electric field and we calibrate it using\nFluctuation-Dissipation Theorem. We show that the work fluctuations satisfy the\nTransient Fluctuation Theorem. An analytical justification of this result is\ngiven. The open problems for the out of equilibrium case are finally discussed.",
        "positive": "Coupled spin-charge drift-diffusion approach for a two-dimensional\n  electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling: Based on kinetic equations for the density matrix, drift-diffusion equations\nare derived for a two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling.\nUniversal results are obtained for the weak coupling case. Most interesting is\nthe observation that with increasing spin-orbit coupling strengths there is a\nsharp transition between spin diffusion and ballistic spin transport. For\nstrong spin-orbit coupling, when the elastic scattering time is much larger\nthan the spin relaxation time, undamped spin-coherent waves are identified. The\nexistence of these long-lived spin-coherent states is confirmed by exact\nanalytical results obtained from microscopic kinetic equations valid in the\nballistic regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transient Superdiffusive Motion on a Disordered Ratchet Potential: The relationship between anomalous superdiffusive behavior and particle\ntrapping probability is analyzed on a rocking ratchet potential with spatially\ncorrelated weak disorder. The trapping probability density is shown,\nanalytically and numerically, to have an exponential form as a function of\nspace. The trapping processes with a low or no thermal noise are only\ntransient, but they can last much longer than the characteristic time scale of\nthe system and therefore might be detected experimentally. Using the result for\nthe trapping probability we obtain an analytical expression for the number of\nwells where a given number of particles are trapped. We have also obtained an\nanalytical approximation for the second-moment of the particle distribution\nfunction C2 as a function of time, when trapped particles coexist with constant\nvelocity untrapped particles. We also use the expression for C2 to characterize\nthe anomalous superdiffusive motion in the absence of thermal noise for the\ntransient time.",
        "positive": "Information and Helical Mechanism of Entropy Increase: The principle of entropy increase is not only the basis of statistical\nmechanics, but also closely related to the irreversibility of time, the origin\nof life, chaos and turbulence. In this paper, we first discuss the dynamic\nsystem definition of entropy from the perspective of symbol and partition of\ninformation, and propose the entropy transfer characteristics based on the set\npartition. By introducing the hypothesis of limited accuracy of measurement\ninto the continuous dynamical system, two necessary mechanisms for the\nformation of chaos are obtained: the transfer of entropy from small scale to\nmacro scale (i.e. the increase of local entropy) and the dissipation of macro\ninformation. The relationship between the local entropy increase and Lyapunov\nexponent of dynamical system is established. And then the entropy increase and\nabnormal dissipation mechanism in physical system are analyzed and discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temporal relaxation of gapped many-body quantum systems: Typicality of the orthogonal dynamics (TOD) is established as a generic\nfeature of temporal relaxation processes in isolated many-body quantum systems.\nThe basic idea in the simplest case is that the transient non-equilibrium\nbehavior is mainly governed by the component of the time-evolved system state\nparallel to the initial state, while the orthogonal component appears as\nequilibrated right from the beginning. The main emphasis is laid on the largely\nunexplored and particularly challenging case that one energy level exhibits a\nmuch larger population than all the others. Important examples are gapped\nmany-body systems at low energies, for instance due to a quantum quench. A\ngeneral analytical prediction is derived and is found to compare very well with\nvarious numerically exact results.",
        "positive": "Scaling and universality in the 2D Ising model with a magnetic field: The scaling function of the 2D Ising model in a magnetic field on the square\nand triangular lattices is obtained numerically via Baxter's variational corner\ntransfer matrix approach. The use of the Aharony-Fisher non-linear scaling\nvariables allowed us to perform calculations sufficiently away from the\ncritical point to obtain very high precision data, which convincingly confirm\nall predictions of the scaling and universality hypotheses. The results are in\nexcellent agreement with the field theory calculations of Fonseca and\nZamolodchikov as well as with many previously known exact and numerical results\nfor the 2D Ising model. This includes excellent agreement with the classic\nanalytic results for the magnetic susceptibility by Barouch, McCoy, Tracy and\nWu, recently enhanced by Orrick, Nickel, Guttmann and Perk."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Load distribution in small world networks: In this paper we introduce a new model of data packet transport, based on a\nstochastic approach with the aim of characterizing the load distribution on\ncomplex networks. Moreover we analyze the load standard deviation as an index\nof uniformity of the distribution of packets within the network, to\ncharacterize the effects of the network topology. We measure such index on the\nmodel proposed by Watts and Strogatz as the redirection probability is\nincreased. We find that the uniformity of the load spread is maximized in the\nintermediate region, at which the small world effect is observed and both\nglobal and local efficiency are high. Moreover we analyze the relationship\nbetween load centrality and degree centrality as an approximate measure of the\nload at the edges. Analogous results are obtained for the load variance\ncomputed at the edges as well as at the vertices.",
        "positive": "Irreversibility, Loschmidt echo, and thermodynamic uncertainty relation: Entropy production characterizes irreversibility. This viewpoint allows us to\nconsider the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, which states that a higher\nprecision can be achieved at the cost of higher entropy production, as a\nrelation between precision and irreversibility. Considering the original and\nperturbed dynamics, we show that the precision of an arbitrary counting\nobservable in continuous measurement of quantum Markov processes is bounded\nfrom below by Loschmidt echo between the two dynamics, representing the\nirreversibility of quantum dynamics. When considering particular perturbed\ndynamics, our relation leads to several thermodynamic uncertainty relations,\nindicating that our relation provides a unified perspective on classical and\nquantum thermodynamic uncertainty relations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of dipolar interactions on the zero-field-cooled magnetization\n  of a nanoparticle assembly: We investigate the effect of (weak) dipolar interactions on the field\nbehavior of the temperature at the maximum of the zero-field-cooled\nmagnetization of a polydisperse assembly of nanoparticles. For this purpose, we\nextend the Gittleman-Abeles-Bozowski model for the zero-field-cooled\nmagnetization by computing the contribution of dipolar interactions to the\nlongitudinal relaxation time. We show, in good qualitative agreement with many\nexperimental observations, that the temperature at the maximum of the\nzero-field-cooled magnetization as a function of the applied field changes from\na bell-like to a monotonically decreasing curve when the intensity of the\ndipolar interactions, or equivalently the sample concentration, increases.",
        "positive": "Microcanonical finite-size scaling in specific heat diverging 2nd order\n  phase transitions: A Microcanonical Finite Site Ansatz in terms of quantities measurable in a\nFinite Lattice allows to extend phenomenological renormalization (the so called\nquotients method) to the microcanonical ensemble. The Ansatz is tested\nnumerically in two models where the canonical specific-heat diverges at\ncriticality, thus implying Fisher-renormalization of the critical exponents:\nthe 3D ferromagnetic Ising model and the 2D four-states Potts model (where\nlarge logarithmic corrections are known to occur in the canonical ensemble). A\nrecently proposed microcanonical cluster method allows to simulate systems as\nlarge as L=1024 (Potts) or L=128 (Ising). The quotients method provides\nextremely accurate determinations of the anomalous dimension and of the\n(Fisher-renormalized) thermal $\\nu$ exponent. While in the Ising model the\nnumerical agreement with our theoretical expectations is impressive, in the\nPotts case we need to carefully incorporate logarithmic corrections to the\nmicrocanonical Ansatz in order to rationalize our data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Synchronization of active rotators interacting with environment: Multiple organs in a living system respond to environmental changes, and the\nsignals from the organs regulate the physiological environment. Inspired by\nthis biological feedback, we propose a simple autonomous system of active\nrotators to explain how multiple units are synchronized under a fluctuating\nenvironment. We find that the feedback via an environment can entrain rotators\nto have synchronous phases for specific conditions. This mechanism is markedly\ndifferent from the simple entrainment by a common oscillatory external stimulus\nthat is not interacting with systems. We theoretically examine how the phase\nsynchronization depends on the interaction strength between rotators and\nenvironment. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrate the proposed model by\nrealizing an analog electric circuit with microelectronic devices. This\nbio-inspired platform can be used as a sensor for monitoring varying\nenvironments, and as a controller for amplifying signals by their\nfeedback-induced synchronization.",
        "positive": "Emergence of molecular friction in liquids: bridging between the\n  atomistic and hydrodynamic pictures: Friction in liquids arises from conservative forces between molecules and\natoms. Although the hydrodynamics at the nanoscale is subject of intense\nresearch and despite the enormous interest in the non-Markovian dynamics of\nsingle molecules and solutes, the onset of friction from the atomistic scale so\nfar could not be demonstrated. Here, we fill this gap based on\nfrequency-resolved friction data from high-precision simulations of three\nprototypical liquids, including water. Combining with rigorous theoretical\narguments, we show that friction in liquids emerges abruptly at a\ncharacteristic frequency, beyond which viscous liquids appear as\nnon-dissipative, elastic solids; as a consequence, its origin is non-local in\ntime. Concomitantly, the molecules experience Brownian forces that display\npersistent correlations and long-lasting memory. A critical test of the\ngeneralised Stokes-Einstein relation, mapping the friction of single molecules\nto the viscoelastic response of the macroscopic sample, disproves the relation\nfor Newtonian fluids, but substantiates it exemplarily for water and a\nmoderately supercooled liquid. The employed approach is suitable to yield novel\ninsights into vitrification mechanisms and the intriguing mechanical properties\nof soft materials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nose-Hoover dynamics for coherent states: The popular method of Nose and Hoover to create canonically distributed\npositions and momenta in classical molecular dynamics simulations is\ngeneralized to a genuine quantum system of infinite dimensionality. We show\nthat for the quantum harmonic oscillator, the equations of motion in terms of\ncoherent states can easily be modified in an analogous manner to mimic the\ncoupling of the system to a thermal bath and create a quantum canonical\nensemble. Possible applications to more complex systems, especially interacting\nFermion systems, are proposed.",
        "positive": "The Fokker-Planck Equation for Lattice Vibration: Stochastic Dynamics\n  and Thermal Conductivity: We propose a Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) theory to describe stochastic\nfluctuation and relaxation processes of lattice vibration at a wide range of\nconditions, including those beyond the phonon gas (PG) limit. Using the\ntime-dependent, multiple state-variable probability function of a FPE, we first\nderive time-correlation functions of lattice heat currents in terms of\ncorrelation functions among multiple vibrational modes, and subsequently\npredict the thermal conductivity based on the Green-Kubo formalism. When the\nkinetic transport theories are valid, this FPE not only predicts a thermal\nconductivity that is identical to the one predicted by the phonon Boltzmann\ntransport equation, but also provides additional microscopic details on the\nmultiple-mode correlation functions. More importantly, when the kinetic\ntheories become insufficient due to the breakdown of the PG approximation, this\nFPE theory remains valid to study the correlation functions among vibrational\nmodes in highly anharmonic lattices with significant mode-mode interactions\nand/or in disordered lattices with strongly localized modes. At the limit of\nweak mode-mode interactions, we can adopt quantum perturbation theories to\nderive the drift/diffusion coefficients based on the anharmonicity data derived\nfrom first-principles methods. As temperature elevates to the classical regime,\nwe can perform molecular dynamics simulations to directly compute the\ncoefficients. Because these coefficients are defined as ensemble averages at\nthe short time limit, we can implement massive parallel simulation algorithms\nto take full advantage of the paralleled high-performance computing platforms.\nA better understanding of the temperature-dependent coefficients up to melting\ntemperatures will provide new insights on microscopic mechanisms that govern\nthe heat conduction through anharmonic and/or disordered lattices beyond the PG\nmodel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Mathematics of the Bose Gas and its Condensation: This book surveys results about the quantum mechanical many-body problem of\nthe Bose gas that have been obtained by the authors over the last seven years.\nThese topics are relevant to current experiments on ultra-cold gases; they are\nalso mathematically rigorous, using many analytic techniques developed over the\nyears to handle such problems. Some of the topics treated are the ground state\nenergy, the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, Bose-Einstein condensation,\nsuperfluidity, one-dimensional gases, and rotating gases. The book also\nprovides a pedagogical entry into the field for graduate students and\nresearchers.",
        "positive": "Generalized Langevin Equation with Hydrodynamic Backflow: Equilibrium\n  Properties: We review equilibrium properties for the dynamics of a single particle\nevolving in a visco--elastic medium under the effect of hydrodynamic backflow\nwhich includes added mass and Basset force. Arbitrary equilibrium forces acting\nupon the particle are also included. We discuss the derivation of the explicit\nexpression for the thermal noise correlation function that is consistent with\nthe fluctuation-dissipation theorem. We rely on general time-reversal arguments\nthat apply irrespective of the external potential acting on the particle, but\nalso allow one to retrieve existing results derived for free particles and\nparticles in a harmonic trap. Some consequences for the analysis and\ninterpretation of single-particle tracking experiments are briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Formation of Liesegang patterns: A spinodal decomposition scenario: Spinodal decomposition in the presence of a moving particle source is\nproposed as a mechanism for the formation of Liesegang bands. This mechanism\nyields a sequence of band positions x_n that obeys the spacing law\nx_n~Q(1+p)^n. The dependence of the parameters p and Q on the initial\nconcentration of the reagents is determined and we find that the functional\nform of p is in agreement with the experimentally observed Matalon-Packter law.",
        "positive": "The totally asymmetric exclusion process with extended objects, a model\n  for protein synthesis: The process of protein synthesis in biological systems resembles a one\ndimensional driven lattice gas in which the particles have spatial extent,\ncovering more than one lattice site. We expand the well studied Totally\nAsymmetric Exclusion Process (TASEP), in which particles typically cover a\nsingle lattice site, to include cases with extended objects. Exact solutions\ncan be determined for a uniform closed system. We analyze the uniform open\nsystem through two approaches. First, a continuum limit produces a modified\ndiffusion equation for particle density profiles. Second, an extremal principle\nbased on domain wall theory accurately predicts the phase diagram and currents\nin each phase. Finally, we briefly consider approximate approaches to a\nnon-uniform open system with quenched disorder in the particle hopping rates\nand compare these approaches with Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviation principles and fluctuation theorems for currents in\n  semi-Markov processes: In this short note we consider semi-Markov processes satisfying the condition\nof direction-time independence (Markov renewal processes). We derive large\ndeviation principles and fluctuation theorems for the empirical current and the\nempirical currents along cycles. Our derivation is based on the joint LDP for\nthe empirical measure and flow recently proved in \\cite{MZ}.",
        "positive": "Synchronization of networks with variable local properties: We study the synchronization transition of Kuramoto oscillators in scale-free\nnetworks that are characterized by tunable local properties. Specifically, we\nperform a detailed finite size scaling analysis and inspect how the critical\nproperties of the dynamics change when the clustering coefficient and the\naverage shortest path length are varied. The results show that the onset of\nsynchronization does depend on these properties, though the dependence is\nsmooth. On the contrary, the appearance of complete synchronization is\nradically affected by the structure of the networks. Our study highlights the\nneed of exploring the whole phase diagram and not only the stability of the\nfully synchronized state, where most studies have been done up to now."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kleinberg Navigation in Fractal Small World Networks: We study the Kleinberg problem of navigation in Small World networks when the\nunderlying lattice is a fractal consisting of N>>1 nodes. Our extensive\nnumerical simulations confirm the prediction that most efficient navigation is\nattained when the length r of long-range links is taken from the distribution\nP(r)~r^{-alpha}, where alpha=d_f, the fractal dimension of the underlying\nlattice. We find finite-size corrections to the exponent alpha, proportional to\n1/(ln N)^2.",
        "positive": "Local-world evolving networks with tunable clustering: We propose an extended local-world evolving network model including a triad\nformation step. In the process of network evolution, random fluctuation in the\nnumber of new edges is involved. We derive analytical expressions for degree\ndistribution, clustering coefficient and average path length. Our model can\nunify the generic properties of real-life networks: scale-free degree\ndistribution, high clustering and small inter-node separation. Moreover, in our\nmodel, the clustering coefficient is tunable simply by changing the expected\nnumber of triad formation steps after a single local preferential attachment\nstep."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ripples in a string coupled to Glauber spins: Each oscillator in a linear chain (a string) interacts with a local Ising\nspin in contact with a thermal bath. These spins evolve according to Glauber\ndynamics. Below a critical temperature, a rippled state in the string is\naccompanied by a nonzero spin polarization. The system is shown to form ripples\nin the string which, for slow spin relaxation, vibrates rapidly about\nquasi-stationary states described as snapshots of a coarse-grained stroboscopic\nmap. For moderate observation times, ripples are observed irrespective of the\nfinal thermodynamically stable state (rippled or not).",
        "positive": "Geometric Microcanonical Thermodynamics for Systems with First Integrals: In the general case of a many-body Hamiltonian system, described by an\nautonomous Hamiltonian $H$, and with $K\\geq 0$ independent conserved\nquantities, we derive the microcanonical thermodynamics. By a simple approach,\nbased on the differential geometry, we derive the microcanonical entropy and\nthe derivatives of the entropy with respect to the conserved quantities. In\nsuch a way, we show that all the thermodynamical quantities, as the\ntemperature, the chemical potential or the specific heat, are measured as a\nmicrocanonical average of the appropriate microscopic dynamical functions that\nwe have explicitly derived. Our method applies also in the case of\nnon-separable Hamiltonians, where the usual definition of kinetic temperature,\nderived by the virial theorem, does not apply."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized information entropies depending only on the probability\n  distribution: Systems with a long-term stationary state that possess as a spatio-temporally\nfluctuation quantity $\\beta$ can be described by a superposition of several\nstatistics, a \"super statistics\". We consider first, the Gamma, log-normal and\n$F$-distributions of $\\beta$. It is assumed that they depend only on $p_l$, the\nprobability associated with the microscopic configuration of the system. For\neach of the three $\\beta-$distributions we calculate the Boltzmann factors and\nshow that they coincide for small variance of the fluctuations. For the Gamma\ndistribution it is possible to calculate the entropy in a closed form,\ndepending on $p_l$, and to obtain then an equation relating $p_l$ with $\\beta\nE_l$. We also propose, as other examples, new entropies close related with the\nKaniadakis and two possible Sharma-Mittal entropies. The entropies presented in\nthis work do not depend on a constant parameter $q$ but on $p_l$. For the\n$p_l$-Gamma distribution and its corresponding $B_{p_l}(E)$ Boltzmann factor\nand the associated entropy, we show the validity of the saddle-point\napproximation. We also briefly discuss the generalization of one of the four\nKhinchin axioms to get this proposed entropy.",
        "positive": "Probing the Strong Boundary Shape Dependence of the Casimir Force: We study the geometry dependence of the Casimir energy for deformed metal\nplates by a path integral quantization of the electromagnetic field. For the\nfirst time, we give a complete analytical result for the deformation induced\nchange in Casimir energy \\delta\\cal E in an experimentally testable, nontrivial\ngeometry, consisting of a flat and a corrugated plate. Our results show an\ninteresting crossover for \\delta\\cal E as a function of the ratio of the mean\nplate distance H, to the corrugation length \\lambda: For \\lambda \\ll H we find\na {\\em slower} decay \\sim H^{-4}, compared to the H^{-5} behavior predicted by\nthe commonly used pairwise summation of van der Waals forces, which is valid\nonly for \\lambda \\gg H."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random matrix theory within superstatistics: We propose a generalization of the random matrix theory following the basic\nprescription of the recently suggested concept of superstatistics. Spectral\ncharacteristics of systems with mixed regular-chaotic dynamics are expressed as\nweighted averages of the corresponding quantities in the standard theory\nassuming that the mean level spacing itself is a stochastic variable. We\nillustrate the method by calculating the level density, the\nnearest-neighbor-spacing distributions and the two-level correlation functions\nfor system in transition from order to chaos. The calculated spacing\ndistribution fits the resonance statistics of random binary networks obtained\nin a recent numerical experiment.",
        "positive": "Single-layer metal-on-metal islands driven by strong time-dependent\n  forces: Non-linear transport properties of single-layer metal-on-metal islands driven\nwith strong static and time-dependent forces are studied. We apply a\nsemi-empirical lattice model and use master equation and kinetic Monte Carlo\nsimulation methods to compute observables such as the velocity and the\ndiffusion coefficient. Two types of time-dependent driving are considered: a\npulsed rotated field and an alternating field with a zero net force\n(electrophoretic ratchet). Small islands up to 12 atoms were studied in detail\nwith the master equation method and larger ones with simulations. Results are\npresented mainly for a parametrization of Cu on Cu(001) surface, which has been\nthe main system of interest in several previous studies. The main results are\nthat the pulsed field can increase the current in both diagonal and axis\ndirection when compared to static field, and there exists a current inversion\nin the electrophoretic ratchet. Both of these phenomena are a consequence of\nthe coupling of the internal dynamics of the island with its transport. In\naddition to the previously discovered \"magic size\" effect for islands in\nequilibrium, a strong odd-even effect was found for islands driven far out of\nequilibrium. Master equation computations revealed non-monotonous behavior for\nthe leading relaxation constant and effective Arrhenius parameters. Using cycle\noptimization methods, typical island transport mechanisms are identified for\nsmall islands."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral order statistics of Gaussian random matrices: large deviations\n  for trapped fermions and associated phase transitions: We compute the full order statistics of a one-dimensional gas of fermions in\na harmonic trap at zero temperature, including its large deviation tails. The\nproblem amounts to computing the probability distribution of the $k$th smallest\neigenvalue $\\lambda_{(k)}$ of a large dimensional Gaussian random matrix. We\nfind that this probability behaves for large $N$ as\n$\\mathcal{P}[\\lambda_{(k)}=x]\\approx \\exp\\left(-\\beta N^2 \\psi(k/N,x)\\right)$,\nwhere $\\beta$ is the Dyson index of the ensemble. The rate function\n$\\psi(c,x)$, computed explicitly as a function of $x$ in terms of the intensive\nlabel $c=k/N$, has a quadratic behavior modulated by a weak logarithmic\nsingularity at its minimum. This is shown to be related to phase transitions in\nthe associated Coulomb gas problem. The connection with statistics of extreme\neigenvalues of random matrices is also elucidated.",
        "positive": "Active Brownian particles with velocity-alignment and active\n  fluctuations: We consider a model of active Brownian particles with velocity-alignment in\ntwo spatial dimensions with passive and active fluctuations. Hereby, active\nfluctuations refers to purely non-equilibrium stochastic forces correlated with\nthe heading of an individual active particle. In the simplest case studied\nhere, they are assumed as independent stochastic forces parallel (speed noise)\nand perpendicular (angular noise) to the velocity of the particle. On the other\nhand, passive fluctuations are defined by a noise vector independent of the\ndirection of motion of a particle, and may account for example for thermal\nfluctuations.\n  We derive a macroscopic description of the active Brownian particle gas with\nvelocity-alignment interaction. Hereby, we start from the individual based\ndescription in terms of stochastic differential equations (Langevin equations)\nand derive equations of motion for the coarse grained kinetic variables\n(density, velocity and temperature) via a moment expansion of the corresponding\nprobability density function.\n  We focus here in particular on the different impact of active and passive\nfluctuations on the onset of collective motion and show how active fluctuations\nin the active Brownian dynamics can change the phase-transition behaviour of\nthe system. In particular, we show that active angular fluctuation lead to an\nearlier breakdown of collective motion and to emergence of a new bistable\nregime in the mean-field case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Particle dynamics in a symmetrically driven underdamped inhomogeneous\n  periodic potential system: We numerically solve the underdamped Langevin equation to obtain the\ntrajectories of a particle in a sinusoidal potential driven by a temporally\nsinusoidal force in a medium with coefficient of friction periodic in space as\nthe potential but with a phase difference. With the appropriate choice of\nsystem parameters, like the mean friction coefficient and the period of the\napplied field, only two kinds of periodic trajectories are obtained for all\npossible initial conditions at low noise strengths: one with a large amplitude\nand a large phase lag with respect to the applied field and the other with a\nsmall amplitude and a small phase lag. Thus, the periodic potential system is\neffectively mapped dynamically into a bistable system. Though the directional\nasymmetry, brought about only by the frictional inhomogeneity, is weak we find\nboth the phenomena of stochastic resonance, with ready explanation in terms of\nthe two dynamical states of trajectories, and ratchet effect simultaneously in\nthe same parameter space. We analyse the results in detail attempting to find\nplausible explanations for each.",
        "positive": "Correlated percolation patterns in PEF damaged cellular material: We present results of numerical and experimental investigation of the\nelectric breakage of a cellular material in pulsed electric fields (PEF). The\nnumerical model simulates the conductive properties of a cellular material by a\ntwo-dimensional array of biological cells. The application of an external field\nin the form of the idealised square pulse sequence with a pulse duration\n$t_{i}$, and a pulse repetition time $\\Delta t$ is assumed. The simulation\nmodel includes the known mechanisms of temporal and spatial evolution of the\nconductive properties of different microstructural elements in a tissue. The\nkinetics of breakage at different values of electric field strength $E$,\n$t_{i}$ and $\\Delta t$ was studied in experimental investigation. We propose\nthe hypothesis for the nature of tissue properties evolution after PEF\ntreatment and consider this phenomena as a correlated percolation, which is\ngoverned by two key processes: resealing of cells and moisture transfer\nprocesses inside the cellular structure. The breakage kinetics was shown to be\nvery sensitive to the repetition times $\\Delta t$ of the PEF treatment. We\nobserved correlated percolation patterns in a case when $\\Delta t$ exceeds the\ncharacteristic time of the processes of moisture transfer and random\npercolation patterns in other cases. The long-term mode of the pulse repetition\ntimes in PEF treatment allows us to visualize experimentally the macroscopic\npercolation channels in the sample."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy Dissipation Bounds for Autonomous Thermodynamic Cycles: How much free energy is irreversibly lost during a thermodynamic process? For\ndeterministic protocols, lower bounds on energy dissipation arise from the\nthermodynamic friction associated with pushing a system out of equilibrium in\nfinite time. Recent work has also bounded the cost of precisely moving a single\ndegree of freedom. Using stochastic thermodynamics, we compute the total energy\ncost of an autonomously controlled system by considering both thermodynamic\nfriction and the entropic cost of precisely directing a single control\nparameter. Our result suggests a challenge to the usual understanding of the\nadiabatic limit: here, even infinitely slow protocols are energetically\nirreversible.",
        "positive": "Avalanche and spreading exponents in systems with absorbing states: We present generic scaling laws relating spreading critical exponents and\navalanche exponents (in the sense of self-organized criticality) in general\nsystems with absorbing states. Using these scaling laws we present a collection\nof the state-of-the-art exponents for directed percolation, dynamical\npercolation and other universality classes. This collection of results should\nhelp to elucidate the connections of self-organized criticality and systems\nwith absorbing states. In particular, some non-universality in avalanche\nexponents is predicted for systems with many absorbing states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cover times of many random walkers on a discrete network: The speed of an exhaustive search can be measured by a cover time, which is\ndefined as the time it takes a random searcher to visit every state in some\ntarget set. Cover times have been studied in both the physics and probability\nliteratures, with most prior works focusing on a single searcher. In this\npaper, we prove an explicit formula for all the moments of the cover time for\nmany searchers on an arbitrary discrete network. Our results show that such\ncover times depend only on properties of the network along the shortest paths\nto the most distant parts of the target. This mere local dependence contrasts\nwith the well-known result that cover times for single searchers depend on\nglobal properties of the network. We illustrate our rigorous results by\nstochastic simulations.",
        "positive": "Geometrical optics of constrained Brownian excursion: from the KPZ\n  scaling to dynamical phase transitions: We study a Brownian excursion on the time interval $\\left|t\\right|\\leq T$,\nconditioned to stay above a moving wall $x_{0}\\left(t\\right)$ such that\n$x_0\\left(-T\\right)=x_0\\left(T\\right)=0$, and\n$x_{0}\\left(\\left|t\\right|<T\\right)>0$. For a whole class of moving walls,\ntypical fluctuations of the conditioned Brownian excursion are described by the\nFerrari-Spohn (FS) distribution and exhibit the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ)\ndynamic scaling exponents $1/3$ and $2/3$. Here we use the optimal fluctuation\nmethod (OFM) to study atypical fluctuations, which turn out to be quite\ndifferent. The OFM provides their simple description in terms of optimal paths,\nor rays, of the Brownian motion. We predict two singularities of the large\ndeviation function, which can be interpreted as dynamical phase transitions,\nand they are typically of third order. Transitions of a fractional order can\nalso appear depending on the behavior of $x_{0}\\left(t\\right)$ in a close\nvicinity of $t=\\pm T$. Although the OFM does not describe typical fluctuations,\nit faithfully reproduces the near tail of the FS distribution and therefore\ncaptures the KPZ scaling. If the wall function $x_{0}\\left(t\\right)$ is not\nparabolic near its maximum, typical fluctuations (which we probe in the near\ntail) exhibit a more general scaling behavior with a continuous one-parameter\nfamily of scaling exponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Floquet time crystal in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model: In this work we discuss the existence of time-translation symmetry breaking\nin a kicked infinite-range-interacting clean spin system described by the\nLipkin-Meshkov-Glick model. This Floquet time crystal is robust under\nperturbations of the kicking protocol, its existence being intimately linked to\nthe underlying $\\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry breaking of the time-independent model.\nWe show that the model being infinite-range and having an extensive amount of\nsymmetry breaking eigenstates is essential for having the time-crystal\nbehaviour. In particular we discuss the properties of the Floquet spectrum, and\nshow the existence of doublets of Floquet states which are respectively even\nand odd superposition of symmetry broken states and have quasi-energies\ndiffering of half the driving frequencies, a key essence of Floquet time\ncrystals. Remarkably, the stability of the time-crystal phase can be directly\nanalysed in the limit of infinite size, discussing the properties of the\ncorresponding classical phase space. Through a detailed analysis of the\nrobustness of the time crystal to various perturbations we are able to map the\ncorresponding phase diagram. We finally discuss the possibility of an\nexperimental implementation by means of trapped ions.",
        "positive": "From Time-symmetric Microscopic Dynamics to Time-asymmetric Macroscopic\n  Behavior: An Overview: Time-asymmetric behavior as embodied in the second law of thermodynamics is\nobserved in {\\it individual macroscopic} systems. It can be understood as\narising naturally from time-symmetric microscopic laws when account is taken of\na) the great disparity between microscopic and macroscopic scales, b) a low\nentropy state of the early universe, and c) the fact that what we observe is\nthe behavior of systems coming from such an initial state--not all possible\nsystems. The explanation of the origin of the second law based on these\ningredients goes back to Maxwell, Thomson and particularly Boltzmann. Common\nalternate explanations, such as those based on the ergodic or mixing properties\nof probability distributions (ensembles) already present for chaotic dynamical\nsystems having only a few degrees of freedom or on the impossibility of having\na truly isolated system, are either unnecessary, misguided or misleading.\nSpecific features of macroscopic evolution, such as the diffusion equation, do\nhowever depend on the dynamical instability (deterministic chaos) of\ntrajectories of isolated macroscopic systems.\n  The extensions of these classical notions to the quantum world is in many\nways fairly direct. It does however also bring in some new problems. These will\nbe discussed but not resolved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Phenomena Study of 3D Heisenberg Magnet: Recent discovery of several van der waals magnetic material and moire magnet\nintroduce to us an extremely challenging and revolutionary era of 2D magnetism\nand correlated phenomena for low dimensional material.More often the simplest\nspin models which is based on inter-atomic exchange and spin-orbit\ncoupling(SOC) potentially able to capture and explain the critical phenomena of\nextremely complicated correlated magnetic material.In this work we have\nattempted to simulate 3D Heisenberg magnet using classical Monte Carlo\nsimulation.Our goal is to establish a new and simplest spin simulation\ntechnique which can help us to understand those van der waals magnet from its\nmicroscopic length scale.Here we have been proposing a completely new\nmethodology of classical Monte Carlo simulation of Heisenberg spin which is\nbased on single spin flipping Metropolis algorithm.Our state of art simulation\ntechnique potentially able to study the phase transition of isotropic XY(O(2))\nand XYZ(O(3))spin model very efficiently.With this simulation technique we\novercome the barrier of critical slowing down during the phase transition in a\neffective way and able to predict the transition temperature($T_c$) very\naccurately.",
        "positive": "Network conduciveness with application to the graph-coloring and\n  independent-set optimization transitions: We introduce the notion of a network's conduciveness, a probabilistically\ninterpretable measure of how the network's structure allows it to be conducive\nto roaming agents, in certain conditions, from one portion of the network to\nanother. We exemplify its use through an application to the two problems in\ncombinatorial optimization that, given an undirected graph, ask that its\nso-called chromatic and independence numbers be found. Though NP-hard, when\nsolved on sequences of expanding random graphs there appear marked transitions\nat which optimal solutions can be obtained substantially more easily than right\nbefore them. We demonstrate that these phenomena can be understood by resorting\nto the network that represents the solution space of the problems for each\ngraph and examining its conduciveness between the non-optimal solutions and the\noptimal ones. At the said transitions, this network becomes strikingly more\nconducive in the direction of the optimal solutions than it was just before\nthem, while at the same time becoming less conducive in the opposite direction.\nWe believe that, besides becoming useful also in other areas in which network\ntheory has a role to play, network conduciveness may become instrumental in\nhelping clarify further issues related to NP-hardness that remain poorly\nunderstood."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Zero-mode entanglement across a conformal defect: We consider a free-fermion chain with a conformal defect that features an\nextended zero mode, and study the entanglement properties in its mixed ground\nstate. The zero-mode induced degeneracy modifies the density of states in the\nsingle-particle entanglement spectrum, which can be calculated via the full\ncounting statistics. For a homogeneous chain, the resulting change in the\nR\\'enyi entropy is derived analytically for arbitrary subsystem ratios in the\nthermodynamic limit. For a conformal defect located in the center, analogous\nresults can be obtained for the half-chain entanglement. In particular, we\nobserve parity effects for half-chains with even/odd sites, which do not decay\nwith size.",
        "positive": "On the validity of the Onsager relations in relativistic binary mixtures: In this work we study the properties of a relativistic mixture of two\nnon-reacting dilute species in thermal local equilibrium. Following the\nconventional ideas in kinetic theory, we use the concept of chaotic velocity.\nIn particular, we address the nature of the density, or pressure gradient term\nthat arises in the solution of the linearized Boltzmann equation in this\ncontext. Such effect, also present for the single component problem, has so far\nnot been analyzed from the point of view of the Onsager resciprocity relations.\nIn order to address this matter, we propose two alternatives for the Onsagerian\nmatrix which comply with the corresponding reciprocity relations and also show\nthat, as in the non-relativistic case, the chemical potential is not an\nadequate thermodynamic force. The implications of both representations are\nbriefly analyzed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Binder cumulants of an urn model and Ising model above critical\n  dimension: Solving numerically master equation for a recently introduced urn model, we\nshow that the fourth- and sixth-order cumulants remain constant along an\nexactly located line of critical points. Obtained values are in very good\nagreement with values predicted by Brezin and Zinn-Justin for the Ising model\nabove the critical dimension. At the tricritical point cumulants acquire values\nwhich also agree with a suitably extended Brezin and Zinn-Justin approach.",
        "positive": "Subspace restricted thermalization in a correlated-hopping model with\n  strong Hilbert space fragmentation characterized by irreducible strings: We introduce a one-dimensional correlated-hopping model of spinless fermions\nin which a particle can hop between two neighboring sites only if the sites to\nthe left and right of those two sites have different particle numbers. Using a\nbond to site mapping, this model involving four-site terms can be mapped to an\nassisted pair-flipping model involving only three-site terms. This model shows\nstrong Hilbert space fragmentation (HSF). We define irreducible strings (IS) to\nlabel the different fragments, determine the number of fragments, and the sizes\nof fragments corresponding to some special IS. In some classes of fragments,\nthe Hamiltonian can be diagonalized completely, and in others it can be seen to\nhave a structure characteristic of models which are not fully integrable. In\nthe largest fragment in our model, the number of states grows exponentially\nwith the system size, but the ratio of this number to the total Hilbert space\ndimension tends to zero exponentially in the thermodynamic limit. Within this\nfragment, we provide numerical evidence that only a weaker version of\neigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) remains valid; we call this the\nsubspace-restricted ETH. This is a modification of the usual ETH which combines\nthe strong and weak versions of ETH and is also applicable to fragments of all\ndimensions. To understand the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the model, we\nstudy the infinite-temperature time-dependent autocorrelation functions\nstarting from a random initial state; we find that these exhibit a different\nbehavior near the boundary compared to the bulk. We finally propose an\nexperimental setup to realize our correlated-hopping model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unusual corrections to scaling in the 3-state Potts antiferromagnet on a\n  square lattice: At zero temperature, the 3-state antiferromagnetic Potts model on a square\nlattice maps exactly onto a point of the 6-vertex model whose long-distance\nbehavior is equivalent to that of a free scalar boson. We point out that at\nnonzero temperature there are two distinct types of excitation: vortices, which\nare relevant with renormalization-group eigenvalue 1/2; and non-vortex\nunsatisfied bonds, which are strictly marginal and serve only to renormalize\nthe stiffness coefficient of the underlying free boson. Together these\nexcitations lead to an unusual form for the corrections to scaling: for\nexample, the correlation length diverges as \\beta \\equiv J/kT \\to \\infty\naccording to \\xi \\sim A e^{2\\beta} (1 + b\\beta e^{-\\beta} + ...), where b is a\nnonuniversal constant that may nevertheless be determined independently. A\nsimilar result holds for the staggered susceptibility. These results are shown\nto be consistent with the anomalous behavior found in the Monte Carlo\nsimulations of Ferreira and Sokal.",
        "positive": "An Analytical and Numerical Study of Optimal Channel Networks: We analyze the Optimal Channel Network model for river networks using both\nanalytical and numerical approaches. This is a lattice model in which a\nfunctional describing the dissipated energy is introduced and minimized in\norder to find the optimal configurations. The fractal character of river\nnetworks is reflected in the power law behaviour of various quantities\ncharacterising the morphology of the basin. In the context of a finite size\nscaling Ansatz, the exponents describing the power law behaviour are calculated\nexactly and show mean field behaviour, except for two limiting values of a\nparameter characterizing the dissipated energy, for which the system belongs to\ndifferent universality classes. Two modified versions of the model,\nincorporating quenched disorder are considered: the first simulates\nheterogeneities in the local properties of the soil, the second considers the\neffects of a non-uniform rainfall. In the region of mean field behaviour, the\nmodel is shown to be robust to both kinds of perturbations. In the two limiting\ncases the random rainfall is still irrelevant, whereas the heterogeneity in the\nsoil properties leads to new universality classes. Results of a numerical\nanalysis of the model are reported that confirm and complement the theoretical\nanalysis of the global minimum. The statistics of the local minima are found to\nmore strongly resemble observational data on real rivers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information Thermodynamics for Deterministic Chemical Reaction Networks: Information thermodynamics relates the rate of change of mutual information\nbetween two interacting subsystems to their thermodynamics when the joined\nsystem is described by a bipartite stochastic dynamics satisfying local\ndetailed balance. Here, we expand the scope of information thermodynamics to\ndeterministic bipartite chemical reaction networks, namely, composed of two\ncoupled subnetworks sharing species, but not reactions. We do so by introducing\na meaningful notion of mutual information between different molecular features,\nthat we express in terms of deterministic concentrations. This allows us to\nformulate separate second laws for each subnetwork, which account for their\nenergy and information exchanges, in complete analogy with stochastic systems.\nWe then use our framework to investigate the working mechanisms of a model of\nchemically-driven self-assembly and an experimental light-driven bimolecular\nmotor. We show that both systems are constituted by two coupled subnetworks of\nchemical reactions. One subnetwork is maintained out of equilibrium by external\nreservoirs (chemostats or light sources) and powers the other via energy and\ninformation flows. In doing so, we clarify that the information flow is\nprecisely the thermodynamic counterpart of an information ratchet mechanism\nonly when no energy flow is involved.",
        "positive": "Kink dynamics with oscillating forces: It is well known that the dynamics of a one-dimensional dissipative system\ndriven by the Ginzburg-Landau free energy may be described in terms of\ninteracting kinks: two neighbouring kinks at distance $\\ell$ feel an attractive\nforce $F(\\ell)\\approx\\exp(-\\ell)$. This result is typical of a bistable system\nwhose inhomogeneities have an energy cost due to surface tension, but for some\nphysical systems bending rigidity rather than surface tension plays a leading\nrole. We show that a kink dynamics is still applicable, but the force $F(\\ell)$\nis now oscillating, therefore producing configurations which are locally\nstable. We also propose a new derivation of kink dynamics, which applies to a\ngeneralized Ginzburg-Landau free energy with an arbitrary combination of\nsurface tension, bending energy, and higher-order terms. Our derivation is not\nbased on a specific multikink approximation and the resulting kink dynamics\nreproduces correctly the full dynamics of the original model. This allows to\nuse our derivation with confidence in place of the continuum dynamics, reducing\nsimulation time by orders of magnitude."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-consistent theory for inhomogeneous systems with mesoscopic\n  fluctuations: We have developed a theory for inhomogeneous systems that allows for\nincorporation of effects of mesoscopic fluctuations. A hierarchy of equations\nrelating the correlation and direct correlation functions for the local excess\n$\\phi({\\bf r})$ of the volume fraction of particles $\\zeta$ has been obtained,\nand an approximation leading to a closed set of equations for the two-point\nfunctions has been introduced. We have solved numerically the self-consistent\nequations for one (1D) and three (3D) dimensional models with short-range\nattraction and long-rannge repulsion (SALR). Predictions for all the\nqualitative properties of the 1D model agree with the exact results, but only\nsemi-quantitative agreement is obtained in the simplest version of the theory.\nThe effects of fluctuations in the two considered 3D models are significantly\ndifferent, despite very similar properties of these models in the mean-field\napproximation. In both cases we obtain the sequence of large - small - large\ncompressibility for increasing $\\zeta$. The very small compressibility is\naccompanied by the oscillatory decay of correlations with the correlation\nlength orders of magnitude larger than the size of particles. Only in one of\nthe two considered models for decreasing temperature the small compressibility\nbecomes very small and the large compressibility becomes very large, and\neventually van der Waals loops appear. Further studies are necessary to\ndetermine the nature of the strongly inhomogeneous phase present for\nintermediate volume fractions in 3D.",
        "positive": "Levy flights and nonhomogenous memory effects: relaxation to a\n  stationary state: The non-Markovian stochastic dynamics involving Levy flights and a potential\nin the form of a harmonic and non-linear oscillator is discussed. The\nsubordination technique is applied and the memory effects, which are\nnonhomogeneous, are taken into account by a position-dependent subordinator. In\nthe non-linear case, the asymptotic stationary states are found. The relaxation\npattern to the stationary state is derived for the quadratic potential: the\ndensity decays like a linear combination of the Mittag-Leffler functions. It is\ndemonstrated that in the latter case the density distribution satisfies a\nfractional Fokker-Planck equation. The densities for the non-linear oscillator\nreveal a complex picture, qualitatively dependent on the potential strength,\nand the relaxation pattern is exponential at large time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multipartite Correlated Majorization Criteria for Finite Discrete\n  Probability: In this paper we study multipartite and correlated majorization of the finite\ndiscrete probability distributions emerging in quantum information theory. We\nstart proving the subadditivity of the R\\'{e}nyi and Burg entropies, and we\nshow that the criteria for such a generalized majorization scheme can be\nprovided solely in terms of the R\\'{e}nyi and Burg entropies. Surprisingly, the\nsame set of criteria applies both to the correlated and uncorrelated cases.\nFinally, based on our findings in majorization, we give a proof of the\ncharacterization of the R\\'{e}nyi and Burg entropies in terms of continuity,\nsymmetry and (sub)additivity.",
        "positive": "Stall force of polymerizing microtubules and filament bundles: We investigate stall force and polymerization kinetics of rigid\nprotofilaments in a microtubule or interacting filaments in bundles under an\nexternal load force in the framework of a discrete growth model. We introduce\nthe concecpt of polymerization cycles to describe the stochastic growth\nkinetics, which allows us to derive an exact expression for the stall force. We\nfind that the stall force is independent of ensemble geometry and load\ndistribution. Furthermore, the stall force is proportional to the number of\nfilaments and increases linearly with the strength of lateral filament\ninteractions. These results are corroborated by simulations, which also show a\nstrong influence of ensemble geometry on growth kinetics below the stall force."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Casimir effect: Universality and Corrections to Scaling: We study the thermodynamic Casimir force for films in the three-dimensional\nIsing universality class with symmetry breaking boundary conditions. We focus\non the effect of corrections to scaling and probe numerically the universality\nof our results. In particular we check our hypothesis that corrections are well\ndescribed by an effective thickness L_{0,eff}=L_0+c (L_0+L_s)^{1-\\omega} +L_s,\nwhere c and L_s are system specific parameters and \\omega\\approx 0.8 is the\nexponent of the leading bulk correction. We simulate the improved Blume-Capel\nmodel and the Ising model on the simple cubic lattice. First we analyse the\nbehaviour of various quantities at the critical point. Taking into account\ncorrections \\propto L_0^{-\\omega} in the case of the Ising model, we find good\nconsistency of results obtained from these two different models. In particular\nwe get from the analysis of our data for the Ising model for the difference of\nCasimir amplitudes \\Delta_{+-}-\\Delta_{++}=3.200(5), which nicely compares with\n\\Delta_{+-}-\\Delta_{++}=3.208(5) obtained by studying the improved Blume-Capel\nmodel. Next we study the behaviour of the thermodynamic Casimir force for large\nvalues of the scaling variable x=t [L_0/\\xi_0]. This behaviour can be obtained\nup to an overall amplitude by expressing the partition function of the film in\nterms of eigenvalues and eigenstates of the transfermatrix and boundary states.\nHere we show how this overall amplitude can be computed with high accuracy.\nFinally we discuss our results for the scaling functions \\theta_{+-} and\n\\theta_{++} of the thermodynamic Casimir force for the whole range of the\nscaling variable. We conclude that our numerical results are in accordance with\nuniversality. Corrections to scaling are well approximated by an effective\nthickness.",
        "positive": "Simulation of models for the glass transition: Is there progress?: The glass transition of supercooled fluids is a particular challenge for\ncomputer simulation, because the (longest) relaxation times increase by about\n15 decades upon approaching the transition temperature T_g. Brute-force\nmolecular dynamics simulations, as presented here for molten SiO_2 and\ncoarse-grained bead-spring models of polymer chains, can yield very useful\ninsight about the first few decades of this slowing down. Hence this allows to\naccess the temperature range around T_c of the so-called mode coupling theory,\nwhereas the dynamics around the experimental glass transition is completely out\nof reach. While methods such as ``parallel tempering'' improve the situation\nsomewhat, a method that allows to span a significant part of the region T_g\\leq\nT\\leq T_c is still lacking. Only for abstract models such as the infinite range\n10-state Potts glass with a few hundred spins this region can be explored.\nHowever this model suffers from very strong finite size effects thus making it\ndifficult to extrapolate the results obtained for the finite system sizes to\nthe thermodynamic limit. For the case of polymer melts, two different\nstrategies to use lattice models instead of continuum models are discussed: In\nthe first approach, a mapping of an atomistically realistic model of\npolyethylene to the bond fluctuation model with suitable effective potentials\nand a temperature-dependent time rescaling factor is attempted. In the second\napproach, devoted to a test of the entropy theory, moves that are artificial\nbut which lead to a faster relaxation (``slithering snake'' algorithm) are\nused, to get at least static properties at somewhat lower temperatures than\npossible with a ``realistic'' dynamics. The merits and shortcomings of all\nthese approaches are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mesoscale pattern formation of self-propelled rods with velocity\n  reversal: We study self-propelled particles with velocity reversal interacting by\nuniaxial (nematic) alignment within a coarse-grained hydrodynamic theory.\nCombining analytical and numerical continuation techniques, we show that the\nphysics of this active system is essentially controlled by the reversal\nfrequency. In particular, we find that elongated, high-density, ordered\npatterns, called bands, emerge via subcritical bifurcations from spatially\nhomogeneous states. Our analysis reveals further that the interaction of bands\nis weakly attractive and, consequently, bands fuse upon collision in analogy\nwith nonequilibrium nucleation processes. Moreover, we demonstrate that a\nrenormalized positive line tension can be assigned to stable bands below a\ncritical reversal rate, beyond which they are transversally unstable. In\naddition, we discuss the kinetic roughening of bands as well as their nonlinear\ndynamics close to the threshold of transversal instability. Altogether, the\nreduction of the multi-particle system onto the dynamics of bands provides a\nframework to understand the impact of the reversal frequency on the emerging\nnonequilibrium patterns in self-propelled particle systems. In this regard, our\nresults constitute a proof-of-principle in favor of the hypothesis in\nmicrobiology that reversal of gliding rod-shaped bacteria regulates the\noccurrence of various self-organized pattens observed during life-cycle phases.",
        "positive": "Kinetic theory for dilute cohesive granular gases with a square well\n  potential: We develop the kinetic theory of dilute cohesive granular gases in which the\nattractive part is described by a square well potential. We derive the\nhydrodynamic equations from the kinetic theory with the microscopic expressions\nfor the dissipation rate and the transport coefficients. We check the validity\nof our theory by performing the direct simulation Monte Carlo."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Orthogonality Catastrophe in Bose-Einstein Condensates: Orthogonality catastrophe in fermionic systems is well known: in the\nthermodynamic limit, the overlap between the ground state wavefunctions with\nand without a single local scattering potential approaches zero algebraically\nas a function of the particle number $N$. Here we examine the analogous problem\nfor bosonic systems. In the homogeneous case, we find that ideal bosons display\nan orthogonality stronger than algebraic: the wavefunction overlap behaves as\n${\\rm exp}[-\\lambda N^{1/3}]$ in three dimensions and as ${\\rm exp}[-\\lambda\nN/\\ln ^2 N]$ in two dimensions. With interactions, the overlap becomes finite\nbut is still (stretched-)exponentially small for weak interactions. We also\nconsider the cases with a harmonic trap, reaching similar (though not\nidentical) conclusions. Finally, we comment on the implications of our results\nfor spectroscopic experiments and for (de)coherence phenomena.",
        "positive": "Survival and residence times in disordered chains with bias: We present a unified framework for first-passage time and residence time of\nrandom walks in finite one-dimensional disordered biased systems. The\nderivation is based on exact expansion of the backward master equation in\ncumulants. The dependence on initial condition, system size, and bias strength\nis explicitly studied for models with weak and strong disorder. Application to\nthermally activated processes is also developed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reduced density matrix hybrid approach: Application to electronic energy\n  transfer: Electronic energy transfer in the condensed phase, such as that occurring in\nphotosynthetic complexes, frequently occurs in regimes where the energy scales\nof the system and environment are similar. This situation provides a challenge\nto theoretical investigation since most approaches are accurate only when a\ncertain energetic parameter is small compared to others in the problem. Here we\nshow that in these difficult regimes, the Ehrenfest approach provides a good\nstarting point for a dynamical description of the energy transfer process due\nto its ability to accurately treat coupling to slow environmental modes. To\nfurther improve on the accuracy of the Ehrenfest approach, we use our reduced\ndensity matrix hybrid framework to treat the faster environmental modes quantum\nmechanically, at the level of a perturbative master equation. This combined\napproach is shown to provide an efficient and quantitative description of\nelectronic energy transfer in a model dimer and the Fenna-Matthews-Olson\ncomplex and is used to investigate the effect of environmental preparation on\nthe resulting dynamics.",
        "positive": "Reunion probabilities of $N$ one-dimensional random walkers with mixed\n  boundary conditions: In this work we extend the results of the reunion probability of $N$\none-dimensional random walkers to include mixed boundary conditions between\ntheir trajectories. The level of the mixture is controlled by a parameter $c$,\nwhich can be varied from $c=0$ (independent walkers) to $c\\to\\infty$ (vicious\nwalkers). The expressions are derived by using Quantum Mechanics formalism\n(QMf) which allows us to map this problem into a Lieb-Liniger gas (LLg) of $N$\none-dimensional particles. We use Bethe ansatz and Gaudin's conjecture to\nobtain the normalized wave-functions and use this information to construct the\npropagator. As it is well-known, depending on the boundary conditions imposed\nat the endpoints of a line segment, the statistics of the maximum heights of\nthe reunited trajectories have some connections with different ensembles in\nRandom Matrix Theory (RMT). Here we seek to extend those results and consider\nfour models: absorbing, periodic, reflecting, and mixed. In all four cases, the\nprobability that the maximum height is less or equal than $L$ takes the form\n$F_N(L)=A_N\\sum_{k\\in\\Omega_{B}}\\int Dz\ne^{-\\sum_{j=1}^Nk_j^2+G_N(k)-\\sum_{j,\\ell=1}^N\nz_jV_{j\\ell}(k)\\overline{z}_\\ell}$, where $A_N$ is a normalization constant,\n$G_N(k)$ and $V_{j\\ell}(k)$ depend on the type of boundary condition, and\n$\\Omega_{B}$ is the solution set of quasi-momenta $k$ obeying the Bethe\nequations for that particular boundary condition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality and multifractal behaviour of spin-spin correlation\n  functions in disordered Potts models: We report a transfer matrix study of the random bond $q-$state Potts model in\nthe vicinity of the Ising model $q=2$. We draw attention to a precise\ndetermination of magnetic scaling dimensions in order to compare with\nperturbative results. Universality is checked by the computation of the\nspin-spin correlation function decay exponent obtained with different types of\nprobability distributions of the coupling strengths. Our numerical data,\ncompared to perturbative results for the second moment of the correlation\nfunction, obtained with both replica symmetry and replica symmetry breaking\nschemes, are conclusively in favour of the replica symmetric calculations. The\nmultifractal behaviour of higher moments as well as that of typical correlation\nfunctions are also investigated and a comparison is made with the perturbative\nexpansions. Finally, the shape of the correlation function probability\ndistribution is analyzed.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Anomalous Deep Inelastic Scattering from Liquid H2O-D2O:\n  Evidence of Nuclear Quantum Entanglement\": We comment some recent unexpected experimental results on proton/deuteron\ndeep inelastic scattering off water molecules in H2O-D2O mixtures (C.A.\nChatzidimitrou-Dreismann et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2839 (1997)) where a\nstrong dependence of the ratio of proton/deuteron cross sections on the\ncomposition of the mixture was observed. We propose an explanation of this new\neffect based on the two-fluid picture of water which arises from the theory of\nQED coherence in condensed matter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Haldane Topological Orders in Motzkin Spin Chains: Motzkin spin chains are frustration-free models whose ground-state is a\ncombination of Motzkin paths. The weight of such path contributions can be\ncontrolled by a deformation parameter t. As a function of the latter these\nmodels, beside the formation of domain wall structures, exhibit a\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition for t=1 and gapped Haldane\ntopological orders with constant decay of the string order parameters for t <\n1. By means of numerical calculations we show that the topological properties\nof the Haldane phases depend on the spin value. This allows to classify\ndifferent kinds of hidden antiferromagnetic Haldane gapped regimes associated\nto nontrivial features like symmetry-protected topological order. Our results\nfrom one side allow to clarify the physical properties of Motzkin\nfrustration-free chains and from the other suggest them as a new interesting\nand paradigmatic class of local spin Hamiltonians.",
        "positive": "Nonequivalent operator representations for Bose-condensed systems: The necessity of accurately taking into account the existence of\nnonequivalent operator representations, associated with canonical\ntransformations, is discussed. It is demonstrated that Bose systems in the\npresence of the Bose-Einstein condensate and without it correspond to different\nFock spaces, orthogonal to each other. A composite representation for the field\noperators is constructed, allowing for a self-consistent description of\nBose-condensed systems. Equations of motion are derived from the given\nHamiltonian, which guarantees the validity of conservation laws and\nthermodynamic self-consistency. At the same time, the particle spectrum,\nobtained either from diagonalizing this Hamiltonian or from linearizing the\nfield-operator equations of motion, has no gap. The condition of the condensate\nexistence assures the absence of the gap in the spectrum, irrespectively to the\napproximation involved. The suggested self-consistent theory is both conserving\nand gapless."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytical results for a Fokker-Planck equation in the small noise limit: We present analytical results for the lowest cumulants of a stochastic\nprocess described by a Fokker-Planck equation with nonlinear drift. We show\nthat, in the limit of small fluctuations, the mean, the variance and the\ncovariance of the process can be expressed in compact form with the help of the\nLambert W function. As an application, we discuss the interplay of noise and\nnonlinearity far from equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Density profiles in a classical Coulomb fluid near a dielectric wall.\n  II. Weak-coupling systematic expansions: In the framework of the grand-canonical ensemble of statistical mechanics, we\ngive an exact diagrammatic representation of the density profiles in a\nclassical multicomponent plasma near a dielectric wall. By a reorganization of\nMayer diagrams for the fugacity expansions of the densities, we exhibit how the\nlong-range of both the self-energy and pair interaction are exponentially\nscreened at large distances from the wall. However, the self-energy due to\nCoulomb interaction with images still diverges in the vicinity of the\ndielectric wall and the variation of the density is drastically different at\nshort or large distances from the wall. This variation is involved in the\ninhomogeneous Debye-H\\\"uckel equation obeyed by the screened pair potential.\nThen the main difficulty lies in the determination of the latter potential at\nevery distance. We solve this problem by devising a systematic expansion with\nrespect to the ratio of the fundamental length scales involved in the two\ncoulombic effects at stake. (The application of this method to a plasma\nconfined between two ideally conducting plates and to a quantum plasma will be\npresented elsewhere). As a result we derive the exact analytical perturbative\nexpressions for the density profiles up to first order in the coupling between\ncharges. The mean-field approach displayed in Paper I is then justified."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Increments of Uncorrelated Time Series Can Be Predicted With a Universal\n  75% Probability of Success: We present a simple and general result that the sign of the variations or\nincrements of uncorrelated times series are predictable with a remarkably high\nsuccess probability of 75% for symmetric sign distributions. The origin of this\nparadoxical result is explained in details. We also present some tests on\nsynthetic, financial and global temperature time series.",
        "positive": "Microcanonical equations for the Tsallis entropy: Microcanonical equations for several thermodynamic properties of a system,\nsuitable for molecular dynamics simulations, are derived from the nonextensive\nTsallis entropy functional. Two possible definitions of temperature, the usual\none and a ``physical'' modification which satisfies the zeroth law of\nthermodynamics, are considered, and the results from both choices are compared.\nResults for the ideal gas using the first definition of temperature are\nprovided and discussed in relation with the canonical results reported in the\nliterature. The second choice leaves most formulae unchanged from their\nextensive (Shannon-Boltzmann-Gibbs) form."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Approaching off-diagonal long-range order for 1+1-dimensional\n  relativistic anyons: We construct and study relativistic anyons in 1+1 dimensions generalizing\nwell-known models of Dirac fermions. First, a model of free anyons is\nconstructed and then extended in two ways: (i) by adding density-density\ninteractions, as in the Luttinger model, and (ii) by coupling the free anyons\nto a U(1)-gauge field, as in the Schwinger model. Second, physical properties\nof these extensions are studied. By investigating off-diagonal long-range order\n(ODLRO) at zero temperature, we show that anyonic statistics allows one to get\narbitrarily close to ODLRO but that this possibility is destroyed by the gauge\ncoupling. The latter is due to a nonzero effective mass generated by gauge\ninvariance, which we show also implies the presence of screening, independently\nof the anyonic statistics.",
        "positive": "The fifty-year quest for universality in percolation theory in high\n  dimensions: Although well described by mean-field theory in the thermodynamic limit,\nscaling has long been puzzling for finite systems in high dimensions. This\nraised questions about the efficacy of the renormalization group and\nfoundational concepts such as universality, finite-size scaling and\nhyperscaling, until recently believed not to be applicable above the upper\ncritical dimension. Significant theoretical progress has been made resolving\nthese issues, and tested in numerous simulational studies of spin models. This\nprogress rests upon superlinearity of correlation length, a notion that for a\nlong time encountered resistance but is now broadly accepted. Percolation\ntheory brings added complications such as proliferation of interpenetrating\nclusters in apparent conflict with suggestions coming from random-graph\nasymptotics and a dearth of reliable simulational guidance. Here we report on\nrecent theoretical progress in percolation theory in the renormalization group\nframework in high dimensions that accommodates superlinear correlation and\nrenders most of the above concepts mutually compatible under different boundary\nconditions. Results from numerical simulations for free and periodic boundary\nconditions which differentiate between previously competing theories are also\npresented. Although still fragmentary, these Monte Carlo results support the\nnew framework which restores the renormalization group and foundational\nconcepts on which it rests."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glassy dynamics, metastability limit and crystal growth in a lattice\n  spin model: We introduce a lattice spin model where frustration is due to multibody\ninteractions rather than quenched disorder in the Hamiltonian. The system has a\ncrystalline ground state and below the melting temperature displays a dynamic\nbehaviour typical of fragile glasses. However, the supercooled phase loses\nstability at an effective spinodal temperature, and thanks to this the Kauzmann\nparadox is resolved. Below the spinodal the system enters an off-equilibrium\nregime corresponding to fast crystal nucleation followed by slow activated\ncrystal growth. In this phase and in a time region which is longer the lower\nthe temperature we observe a violation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem\nanalogous to structural glasses. Moreover, we show that in this system there is\nno qualitative difference between a locally stable glassy configuration and a\nhighly disordered polycrystal.",
        "positive": "Accuracy of the cluster-approximation method in a nonequilibrium model: We examine a model in which a nonequilibrium phase transition from an active\nto an extinct state is observed. The order of this phase transition has been\nshown to be either continuous or first-order, depending on the parameter values\nand the dimension of the system. Using increasingly large clusters, we use the\ncluster approximation method to obtain estimates for the critical points in 1+1\ndimensions. For the continuous phase transitions only, extrapolations of these\napproximations show excellent agreement with simulation results. Further, the\napproximations suggest that, consistent with simulation results, in 1+1\ndimensions no first-order phase transitions are observed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From urn models to zero-range processes: statics and dynamics: The aim of these lecture notes is a description of the statics and dynamics\nof zero-range processes and related models. After revisiting some conceptual\naspects of the subject, emphasis is then put on the study of the class of\nzero-range processes for which a condensation transition arises.",
        "positive": "Pathway parameter and thermonuclear functions: In the theory of thermonuclear reaction rates, analytical evaluation of\nthermonuclear functions for non-resonant reactions, including cases with\ncut-off and depletion of the tail of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution\nfunction were considered in a series of papers by Mathai and Haubold (1988). In\nthe present paper we study more general classes of thermonuclear functions by\nintroducing a pathway parameter alpha, so that when alpha --> 1 the\nthermonuclear functions in the Maxwell-Boltzmannian case are recovered. We will\nalso give interpretations for the pathway parameter alpha in the case of\ncut-off and in terms of moments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical simulations of classical stochastic systems using matrix\n  product states: We adapt the time-evolving block decimation (TEBD) algorithm, originally\ndevised to simulate the dynamics of 1D quantum systems, to simulate the\ntime-evolution of non-equilibrium stochastic systems. We describe this method\nin detail; a system's probability distribution is represented by a matrix\nproduct state (MPS) of finite dimension and then its time-evolution is\nefficiently simulated by repeatedly updating and approximately re-factorizing\nthis representation. We examine the use of MPS as an approximation method,\nlooking at parallels between the interpretations of applying it to quantum\nstate vectors and probability distributions. In the context of stochastic\nsystems we consider two types of factorization for use in the TEBD algorithm:\nnon-negative matrix factorization (NMF), which ensures that the approximate\nprobability distribution is manifestly non-negative, and the singular value\ndecomposition (SVD). Comparing these factorizations we find the accuracy of the\nSVD to be substantially greater than current NMF algorithms. We then apply TEBD\nto simulate the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) for systems\nof up to hundreds of lattice sites in size. Using exact analytic results for\nthe TASEP steady state, we find that TEBD reproduces this state such that the\nerror in calculating expectation values can be made negligible, even when\nseverely compressing the description of the system by restricting the dimension\nof the MPS to be very small. Out of the steady state we show for specific\nobservables that expectation values converge as the dimension of the MPS is\nincreased to a moderate size.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear degradation enhanced transport of morphogens performing\n  subdiffusion: We study a morphogen gradient formation under nonlinear degradation and\nsubdiffusive transport. In the long time limit we obtain the nonlinear effect\nof degradation enhanced diffusion, resulting from the interaction of\nnon-Markovian subdiffusive transport with a nonlinear reaction. We find the\nstationary profile of power-law type, which has implications for robustness,\nwith the shape of the profile being controlled by the anomalous exponent. Far\naway from the source of morphogens, any changes in rate of production are not\nfelt."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "When is the average number of saddle points typical?: A common measure of a function's complexity is the count of its stationary\npoints. For complicated functions, this count grows exponentially with the\nvolume and dimension of their domain. In practice, the count is averaged over a\nclass of functions (the annealed average), but the large numbers involved can\nproduce averages biased by extremely rare samples. Typical counts are reliably\nfound by taking the average of the logarithm (the quenched average), which is\nmore difficult and not often done in practice. When most stationary points are\nuncorrelated with each other, quenched and anneals averages are equal.\nEquilibrium heuristics can guarantee when most of the lowest minima will be\nuncorrelated. We show that these equilibrium heuristics cannot be used to draw\nconclusions about other minima and saddles by producing examples among\nGaussian-correlated functions on the hypersphere where the count of certain\nsaddles and minima has different quenched and annealed averages, despite being\nguaranteed `safe' in the equilibrium setting. We determine conditions for the\nemergence of nontrivial correlations between saddles, and discuss the\nimplications for the geometry of those functions and what out-of-equilibrium\nsettings might be affected.",
        "positive": "Direct correlation functions and bridge functions in additive\n  hard-sphere mixtures: A method to obtain (approximate) analytical expressions for the radial\ndistribution functions in a multicomponent mixture of additive hard spheres\nthat was recently introduced is used to obtain the direct correlation functions\nand bridge functions in these systems. This method, which yields results\npractically equivalent to the Generalized Mean Spherical Approximation and\nincludes thermodynamic consistency, is an alternative to the usual integral\nequation approaches and requires as input only the contact values of the radial\ndistribution functions and the isothermal compressibility. Calculations of the\nbridge functions for a binary mixture using the\nBoubl\\'{\\i}k-Mansoori-Carnahan-Starling-Leland equation of state are compared\nto parallel results obtained from the solution of the Percus-Yevick equation.\nWe find that the conjecture recently proposed by Guzm\\'{a}n and del R\\'{\\i}o\n(1998, {\\em Molec. Phys.}, {\\bf 95}, 645) stating that the zeros of the bridge\nfunctions occur approximately at the same value of the shifted distance for all\npairs of interactions is at odds with our results. Moreover, in the case of\ndisparate sizes, even the Percus-Yevick bridge functions do not have this\nproperty. It is also found that the bridge functions are not necessarily\nnon-positive."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Systematic Construction of Counterexamples to the Eigenstate\n  Thermalization Hypothesis: We propose a general method to embed target states into the middle of the\nenergy spectrum of a many-body Hamiltonian as its energy eigenstates. Employing\nthis method, we construct a translationally-invariant local Hamiltonian with no\nlocal conserved quantities, which does not satisfy the eigenstate\nthermalization hypothesis. The absence of eigenstate thermalization for target\nstates is analytically proved and numerically demonstrated. In addition,\nnumerical calculations of two concrete models also show that all the energy\neigenstates except for the target states have the property of eigenstate\nthermalization, from which we argue that our models thermalize after a quench\neven though they does not satisfy the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis.",
        "positive": "Criticality in non-linear one-dimensional maps: RG universal map and\n  non-extensive entropy: We consider the period-doubling and intermittency transitions in iterated\nnonlinear one-dimensional maps to corroborate unambiguously the validity of\nTsallis' non-extensive statistics at these critical points. We study the map\n$x_{n+1}=x_{n}+u| x_{n}| ^{z}$, $z>1$, as it describes generically the\nneighborhood of all of these transitions. The exact renormalization group (RG)\nfixed-point map and perturbation static expressions match the corresponding\nexpressions for the dynamics of iterates. The time evolution is universal in\nthe RG sense and the non-extensive entropy $S_{Q}$ associated to the\nfixed-point map is maximum with respect to that of the other maps in its basin\nof attraction. The degree of non-extensivity - the index $Q$ in $S_{Q}$ - and\nthe degree of nonlinearity $z$ are equivalent and the generalized Lyapunov\nexponent $\\lambda_{q}$, $q=2-Q^{-1}$, is the leading map expansion coefficient\n$u$. The corresponding deterministic diffusion problem is similarly\ninterpreted. We discuss our results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The spectral dimension controls the decay of the quantum first detection\n  probability: We consider a quantum system that is initially localized at $x_{in}$ and that\nis repeatedly projectively probed with a fixed period $\\tau$ at position $x_d$.\nWe ask for the probability that the system is detected in $x_d$ for the very\nfirst time, $F_n$, where $n$ is the number of detection attempts. We relate the\nasymptotic decay and oscillations of $F_n$ with the system's energy spectrum,\nwhich is assumed to be absolutely continuous. In particular $F_n$ is determined\nby the Hamiltonian's measurement spectral density of states (MSDOS) $f(E)$ that\nis closely related to the density of energy states (DOS). We find that $F_n$\ndecays like a power law whose exponent is determined by the power law exponent\n$d_S$ of $f(E)$ around its singularities $E^*$. Our findings are analogous to\nthe classical first passage theory of random walks. In contrast to the\nclassical case, the decay of $F_n$ is accompanied by oscillations with\nfrequencies that are determined by the singularities $E^*$. This gives rise to\ncritical detection periods $\\tau_c$ at which the oscillations disappear. In the\nordinary case $d_S$ can be identified with the spectral dimension found in the\nDOS. Furthermore, the singularities $E^*$ are the van Hove singularities of the\nDOS in this case. We find that the asymptotic statistics of $F_n$ depend\ncrucially on the initial and detection state and can be wildly different for\nout-of-the-ordinary states, which is in sharp contrast to the classical theory.\nThe properties of the first detection probabilities can alternatively be\nderived from the transition amplitudes. All our results are confirmed by\nnumerical simulations of the tight-binding model, and of a free particle in\ncontinuous space both with a normal and with an anomalous dispersion relation.\nWe provide explicit asymptotic formulae for the first detection probability in\nthese models.",
        "positive": "Virial coefficients and osmotic pressure in polymer solutions in\n  good-solvent conditions: We determine the second, third, and fourth virial coefficients appearing in\nthe density expansion of the osmotic pressure of a monodisperse polymer\nsolution in good-solvent conditions. Using the expected large-concentration\nbehavior, we extrapolate the low-density expansion outside the dilute regime,\nobtaining the osmotic pressure for any concentration in the semidilute region.\nComparison with field-theoretical predictions and experimental data shows that\nthe obtained expression is quite accurate. The error is approximately 1-2%\nbelow the overlap concentration and rises at most to 5-10% in the limit of very\nlarge polymer concentrations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometric Upper Critical Dimensions of the Ising Model: The upper critical dimension of the Ising model is known to be $d_c=4$, above\nwhich critical behavior is regarded as trivial. We hereby argue from extensive\nsimulations that, in the random-cluster representation, the Ising model\nsimultaneously exhibits two upper critical dimensions at $(d_c= 4, d_p=6)$, and\ncritical clusters for $d \\geq d_p$, except the largest one, are governed by\nexponents from percolation universality. We predict a rich variety of geometric\nproperties and then provide strong evidence in dimensions from 4 to 7 and on\ncomplete graphs. Our findings significantly advance the understanding of the\nIsing model, which is a fundamental system in many branches of physics.",
        "positive": "Flat Histogram Method of Wang-Landau and N-fold Way: We present a method for estimating the density of states of a classical\nstatistical model. The algorithm successfully combines the Wang-Landau flat\nhistogram method with the N-fold way in order to improve efficiency of the\noriginal single spin flip version. We test our implementation of the\nWang-Landau method with the two-dimensional nearest neighbor Ising model for\nwhich we determine the tunneling time and the density of states. Furthermore,\nwe show that our new algorithm performs correctly at right edges of an energy\ninterval over which the density of states is computed. This removes a\ndisadvantage of the original single spin flip Wang-Landau method where results\nshowed systematically higher errors in the density of states at right\nboundaries. We compare our data with the detailed numerical tests presented in\na study by Wang and Swendsen where the original Wang-Landau method was tested\nagainst various other methods. Finally, we apply our method to a thin Ising\nfilm of size $32\\times 32\\times 6$ with antisymmetric surface fields. With the\ndensity of states obtained from the simulations we calculate canonical averages\nrelated to the energy such as internal energy, Gibbs free energy and entropy,\nbut we also sample microcanonical averages during simulations in order to\ndetermine canonical averages of the susceptibility, the order parameter and its\nfourth order cumulant. We compare our results with simulational data obtained\nfrom a conventional MC algorithm."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scale-free network topology and multifractality in weighted planar\n  stochastic lattice: We propose a weighted planar stochastic lattice (WPSL) formed by the random\nsequential partition of a plane into contiguous and non-overlapping blocks and\nfind that it evolves following several non-trivial conservation laws, namely\n$\\sum_i^N x_i^{n-1} y_i^{4/n-1}$ is independent of time $\\forall \\ n$, where\n$x_i$ and $y_i$ are the length and width of the $i$th block. Its dual on the\nother hand, obtained by replacing each block with a node at its center and\ncommon border between blocks with an edge joining the two vertices, emerges as\na network with a power-law degree distribution $P(k)\\sim k^{-\\gamma}$ where\n$\\gamma=5.66$ revealing scale-free coordination number disorder since $P(k)$\nalso describes the fraction of blocks having $k$ neighbours. To quantify the\nsize disorder, we show that if the $i$th block is populated with $p_i\\sim\nx_i^3$ then its distribution in the WPSL exhibits multifractality.",
        "positive": "Irreversible Monte Carlo Algorithms for Efficient Sampling: Equilibrium systems evolve according to Detailed Balance (DB). This principe\nguided development of the Monte-Carlo sampling techniques, of which\nMetropolis-Hastings (MH) algorithm is the famous representative. It is also\nknown that DB is sufficient but not necessary. We construct irreversible\ndeformation of a given reversible algorithm capable of dramatic improvement of\nsampling from known distribution. Our transformation modifies transition rates\nkeeping the structure of transitions intact. To illustrate the general scheme\nwe design an Irreversible version of Metropolis-Hastings (IMH) and test it on\nexample of a spin cluster. Standard MH for the model suffers from the critical\nslowdown, while IMH is free from critical slowdown."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Algorithms of maximum likelihood data clustering with applications: We address the problem of data clustering by introducing an unsupervised,\nparameter free approach based on maximum likelihood principle. Starting from\nthe observation that data sets belonging to the same cluster share a common\ninformation, we construct an expression for the likelihood of any possible\ncluster structure. The likelihood in turn depends only on the Pearson's\ncoefficient of the data. We discuss clustering algorithms that provide a fast\nand reliable approximation to maximum likelihood configurations. Compared to\nstandard clustering methods, our approach has the advantages that i) it is\nparameter free, ii) the number of clusters need not be fixed in advance and\niii) the interpretation of the results is transparent. In order to test our\napproach and compare it with standard clustering algorithms, we analyze two\nvery different data sets: Time series of financial market returns and gene\nexpression data. We find that different maximization algorithms produce similar\ncluster structures whereas the outcome of standard algorithms has a much wider\nvariability.",
        "positive": "Optimal synchronizability of bearings: Bearings are mechanical dissipative systems that, when perturbed, relax\ntoward a synchronized (bearing) state. Here we find that bearings can be\nperceived as physical realizations of complex networks of oscillators with\nasymmetrically weighted couplings. Accordingly, these networks can exhibit\noptimal synchronization properties through fine tuning of the local interaction\nstrength as a function of node degree [Motter, Zhou, and Kurths, Phys. Rev. E\n71, 016116 (2005)]. We show that, in analogy, the synchronizability of bearings\ncan be maximized by counterbalancing the number of contacts and the inertia of\ntheir constituting rotor disks through the mass-radius relation, $m\\sim\nr^{\\alpha}$, with an optimal exponent $\\alpha=\\alpha_{\\times}$ which converges\nto unity for a large number of rotors. Under this condition, and regardless of\nthe presence of a long-tailed distribution of disk radii composing the\nmechanical system, the average participation per disk is maximized and the\nenergy dissipation rate is homogeneously distributed among elementary rotors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Logarithmic entanglement scaling in dissipative free-fermion systems: We study the quantum information spreading in one-dimensional free-fermion\nsystems in the presence of localized thermal baths. We employ a nonlocal\nLindblad master equation to describe the system-bath interaction, in the sense\nthat the Lindblad operators are written in terms of the Bogoliubov operators of\nthe closed system, and hence are nonlocal in space. The statistical ensemble\ndescribing the steady state is written in terms of a convex combination of the\nFermi-Dirac distributions of the baths. Due to the singularity of the\nfree-fermion dispersion, the steady-state mutual information exhibits\nsingularities as a function of the system parameters. While the mutual\ninformation generically satisfies an area law, at the singular points it\nexhibits logarithmic scaling as a function of subsystem size. By employing the\nFisher-Hartwig theorem, we derive the prefactor of the logarithmic scaling,\nwhich depends on the parameters of the baths and plays the role of an effective\n\"central charge\". This is upper bounded by the central charge governing\nground-state entanglement scaling. We provide numerical checks of our results\nin the paradigmatic tight-binding chain and the Kitaev chain.",
        "positive": "Surface Hardening and Self-Organized Fractality Through Etching of\n  Random Solids: When a finite volume of etching solution is in contact with a disordered\nsolid, complex dynamics of the solid-solution interface develop. If the etchant\nis consumed in the chemical reaction, the dynamics stop spontaneously on a\nself-similar fractal surface. As only the weakest sites are corroded, the solid\nsurface gets progressively harder and harder. At the same time it becomes\nrougher and rougher uncovering the critical spatial correlations typical of\npercolation. From this, the chemical process reveals the latent percolation\ncriticality hidden in any random system. Recently, a simple minimal model has\nbeen introduced by Sapoval et al. to describe this phenomenon. Through analytic\nand numerical study, we obtain a detailed description of the process. The time\nevolution of the solution corroding power and of the distribution of resistance\nof surface sites is studied in detail. This study explains the progressive\nhardening of the solid surface. Finally, this dynamical model appears to belong\nto the universality class of Gra dient Percolation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "SU(N) Self-Dual Sine-Gordon Model and Competing Orders: We investigate the low-energy properties of a generalized quantum sine-Gordon\nmodel in one dimension with a self-dual symmetry. This model describes a class\nof quantum phase transitions that stems from the competition of different\norders. This SU(N) self-dual sine-Gordon model is shown to be equivalent to an\nSO(N)_2 conformal field theory perturbed by a current-current interaction,\nwhich is related to an integrable fermionic model introduced by Andrei and\nDestri. In the context of spin-chain problems, we give several realizations of\nthis self-dual sine-Gordon model and discuss the universality class of the\ntransitions.",
        "positive": "Feynman-Kac path integral approach for the energy spectrum of many boson\n  systems: We study the ground and excited states of weakly interacting Bose gases (with\npositive and negative scattering lengths) in connection with Bose Einstein\nCondensation to test the validity of the mean field theory and Born\napproximation. They behave as new quantum fluids (a gas in the weak limit and a\nliquid in the dense limit and we study their many body physics in the dilute\nlimit within the realistic potential model (Morse type) by Feynman-Kac path\nintegral technique. Within numerical limitations, this method is exact in\nprinciple and turns out to be a better alternative to GP as all the ground and\nexcited state properties can be calculated in a much simpler way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An Efficient Linear Programming Algorithm to Generate the Densest\n  Lattice Sphere Packings: Finding the densest sphere packing in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space\n$\\mathbb{R}^d$ is an outstanding fundamental problem with relevance in many\nfields, including the ground states of molecular systems, colloidal crystal\nstructures, coding theory, discrete geometry, number theory, and biological\nsystems. Numerically generating the densest sphere packings becomes very\nchallenging in high dimensions due to an exponentially increasing number of\npossible sphere contacts and sphere configurations, even for the restricted\nproblem of finding the densest lattice sphere packings. In this paper, we apply\nthe Torquato-Jiao packing algorithm, which is a method based on solving a\nsequence of linear programs, to robustly reproduce the densest known lattice\nsphere packings for dimensions 2 through 19. We show that the TJ algorithm is\nappreciably more efficient at solving these problems than previously published\nmethods. Indeed, in some dimensions, the former procedure can be as much as\nthree orders of magnitude faster at finding the optimal solutions than earlier\nones. We also study the suboptimal local density-maxima solutions (inherent\nstructures or \"extreme\" lattices) to gain insight about the nature of the\ntopography of the \"density\" landscape.",
        "positive": "Demon Dynamics: Deterministic Chaos, the Szilard Map, and the\n  Intelligence of Thermodynamic Systems: We introduce a deterministic chaotic system---the Szilard Map---that\nencapsulates the measurement, control, and erasure protocol by which Maxwellian\nDemons extract work from a heat reservoir. Implementing the Demon's control\nfunction in a dynamical embodiment, our construction symmetrizes Demon and\nthermodynamic system, allowing one to explore their functionality and recover\nthe fundamental trade-off between the thermodynamic costs of dissipation due to\nmeasurement and due to erasure. The map's degree of chaos---captured by the\nKolmogorov-Sinai entropy---is the rate of energy extraction from the heat bath.\nMoreover, an engine's statistical complexity quantifies the minimum necessary\nsystem memory for it to function. In this way, dynamical instability in the\ncontrol protocol plays an essential and constructive role in intelligent\nthermodynamic systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-interacting random walks : aging, exploration and first-passage\n  times: Self-interacting random walks are endowed with long range memory effects that\nemerge from the interaction of the random walker at time $t$ with the territory\nthat it has visited at earlier times $t'<t$. This class of non Markovian random\nwalks has applications in a broad range of examples, ranging from insects to\nliving cells, where a random walker modifies locally its environment -- leaving\nbehind footprints along its path, and in turn responds to its own footprints.\nBecause of their inherent non Markovian nature, the exploration properties of\nself-interacting random walks have remained elusive. Here we show that long\nrange memory effects can have deep consequences on the dynamics of generic\nself-interacting random walks ; they can induce aging and non trivial\npersistence and transience exponents, which we determine quantitatively, in\nboth infinite and confined geometries. Based on this analysis, we quantify the\nsearch kinetics of self-interacting random walkers and show that the\ndistribution of the first-passage time (FPT) to a target site in a confined\ndomain takes universal scaling forms in the large domain size limit, which we\ncharacterize quantitatively. We argue that memory abilities induced by\nattractive self-interactions provide a decisive advantage for local space\nexploration, while repulsive self-interactions can significantly accelerate the\nglobal exploration of large domains.",
        "positive": "Molecular dynamics simulations of ultrathin water film confined between\n  flat diamond plates: Molecular dynamics simulations of ultrathin water film confined between\natomically flat rigid diamond plates are described. Films with thickness of one\nand two molecular diameters are concerned and TIP4P model is used for water\nmolecules. Dynamical and equilibrium characteristics of the system for\ndifferent values of the external load and shear force are investigated. An\nincrease of the external load causes the transition of the film to a solidlike\nstate. This is manifested in the decreasing of the diffusion constant and in\nthe ordering of the liquid molecules into quasidiscrete layers. For two-layer\nfilm under high loads molecules also become ordered parallel to the surfaces.\nTime dependencies of the friction force and the changes of its average value\nwith the load are obtained. In general, the behaviour of the studied model is\nconsistent with the experimental results obtained for simple liquids with\nspherical molecules."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From Quenched Disorder to Continuous Time Random Walk: This work focuses on quantitative representation of transport in systems with\nquenched disorder. Explicit mapping of the quenched trap model to continuous\ntime random walk is presented. Linear temporal transformation: $t\\to\nt/\\Lambda^{1/\\alpha}$ for transient process on translationally invariant\nlattice, in the sub-diffusive regime, is sufficient for asymptotic mapping.\nExact form of the constant $\\Lambda^{1/\\alpha}$ is established. Disorder\naveraged position probability density function for quenched trap model is\nobtained and analytic expressions for the diffusion coefficient and drift are\nprovided.",
        "positive": "Quantum Revivals in Conformal Field Theories in Higher Dimensions: We investigate the behavior of the return amplitude ${\\cal F}(t)=\n|\\langle\\Psi(0)|\\Psi(t)\\rangle|$ following a quantum quench in a conformal\nfield theory (CFT) on a compact spatial manifold of dimension $d-1$ and linear\nsize $O(L)$, from a state $|\\Psi(0)\\rangle$ of extensive energy with\nshort-range correlations. After an initial gaussian decay ${\\cal F}(t)$ reaches\na plateau value related to the density of available states at the initial\nenergy. However for $d=3,4$ this value is attained from below after a single\noscillation. For a holographic CFT the plateau persists up to times at least\n$O(\\sigma^{1/(d-1)} L)$, where $\\sigma\\gg1$ is the dimensionless\nStefan-Boltzmann constant. On the other hand for a free field theory on\nmanifolds with high symmetry there are typically revivals at times\n$t\\sim\\mbox{integer}\\times L$. In particular, on a sphere $S_{d-1}$ of\ncircumference $2\\pi L$, there is an action of the modular group on ${\\cal\nF}(t)$ implying structure near all rational values of $t/L$, similarly to what\nhappens for rational CFTs in $d=2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renewal equations for single-particle diffusion in multi-layered media: In this paper we develop a probabilistic model of single-particle diffusion\nin 1D multi-layered media by constructing a multi-layered version of so-called\nsnapping out Brownian motion (BM). The latter sews together successive rounds\nof reflected BM, each of which is restricted to a single layer. Each round of\nreflected BM is killed when the local time at one end of the layer exceeds an\nindependent, exponentially distributed random variable. (The local time\nspecifies the amount of time a reflected Brownian particle spends in a\nneighborhood of a boundary.) The particle then immediately resumes reflected BM\nin the same layer or the layer on the other side of the boundary with equal\nprobability, and the process is iterated We proceed by constructing a last\nrenewal equation for multi-layered snapping out BM that relates the full\nprobability density to the probability densities of partially reflected BM in\neach layer. We then show how transfer matrices can be used to solve the Laplace\ntransformed renewal equation, and prove that the renewal equation and\ncorresponding multi-layer diffusion equation are equivalent. We illustrate the\ntheory by analyzing the first passage time (FPT) problem for escape at the\nexterior boundaries of the domain. Finally, we use the renewal approach to\nincorporate a generalization of snapping out BM based on the encounter-based\nmethod for surface absorption; each round of reflected BM is now killed\naccording to a non-exponential distribution for each local time threshold. This\nis achieved by considering a corresponding first renewal equation that relates\nthe full probability density to the FPT densities for killing each round of\nreflected BM. We show that for certain configurations, non-exponential killing\nleads to an effective time-dependent permeability that is normalizable but\nheavy-tailed.",
        "positive": "Non-stationary elastic wave scattering and energy transport in a\n  one-dimensional harmonic chain with an isotopic defect: The fundamental solution describing non-stationary elastic wave scattering on\nan isotopic defect in a one-dimensional harmonic chain is obtained in an\nasymptotic form. The chain is subjected to unit impulse point loading applied\nto a particle far enough from the defect. The solution is a large time\nasymptotics at a moving point of observation, and it is in excellent agreement\nwith the corresponding numerical calculations. At the next step, we assume that\nthe applied point impulse excitation has random amplitude. This allows one to\nmodel the heat transport in the chain and across the defect as the transport of\nthe mathematical expectation for the kinetic energy and to use the conception\nof the kinetic temperature. To provide a simplified continuum description for\nthis process, we separate the slow in time component of the kinetic\ntemperature. This quantity can be calculated using the asymptotics of the\nfundamental solution for the deterministic problem. We demonstrate that there\nis a thermal shadow behind the defect: the order of vanishing for the slow\ntemperature is larger for the particles behind the defect than for the\nparticles between the loading and the defect. The presence of the thermal\nshadow is related to a non-stationary wave phenomenon, which we call the\nanti-localization of non-stationary waves. Due to the presence of the shadow,\nthe continuum slow kinetic temperature has a jump discontinuity at the defect.\nThus, the system under consideration can be a simple model for the\nnon-stationary phenomenon, analogous to one characterized by the Kapitza\nthermal resistance. Finally, we analytically calculate the non-stationary\ntransmission function, which describes the distortion (caused by the defect) of\nthe slow kinetic temperature profile at a far zone behind the defect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low-frequency behavior of off-diagonal matrix elements in the integrable\n  XXZ chain and in a locally perturbed quantum-chaotic XXZ chain: We study the matrix elements of local operators in the eigenstates of the\nintegrable XXZ chain and of the quantum-chaotic model obtained by locally\nperturbing the XXZ chain with a magnetic impurity. We show that, at frequencies\nthat are polynomially small in the system size, the behavior of the variances\nof the off-diagonal matrix elements can be starkly different depending on the\noperator. In the integrable model we find that, as the frequency\n$\\omega\\rightarrow0$, the variances are either nonvanishing (generic behavior)\nor vanishing (for a special class of operators). In the quantum-chaotic model,\non the other hand, we find the variances to be nonvanishing as\n$\\omega\\rightarrow0$ and to indicate diffusive dynamics. We highlight which\nproperties of the matrix elements of local operators are different between the\nintegrable and quantum-chaotic models independently of the specific operator\nselected.",
        "positive": "Mesoscopic constitutive relations for dilute polymer solutions: A novel approach to the dynamics of dilute solutions of polymer molecules\nunder flow conditions is proposed by applying the rules of mesoscopic\nnonequilibrium thermodynamics (MNET). The probability density describing the\nstate of the system is taken to be a function of the position and velocity of\nthe molecules, and on a local vector parameter accounting for its deformation.\nThis function obeys a generalized Fokker-Planck equation, obtained by\ncalculating the entropy production of the system, and identifying the\ncorresponding probability currents in terms of generalized forces. In simple\nform, this coarse-grained description allows one to derive hydrodynamic\nequations where molecular deformation and diffusion effects are coupled. A\nclass of non-linear constitutive relations for the pressure tensor are\nobtained. Particular models are considered and compared with experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Decision-making with distorted memory: Escaping the trap of past\n  experience: Snapshots of \"best\" (or \"worst\") experience are known to dominate human\nmemory and may thus also have a significant effect on future behaviour. We\nconsider here a model of repeated decision-making where, at every time step, an\nagent takes one of two choices with probabilities which are functions of the\nmaximum utilities previously experienced. Depending on the utility\ndistributions and the level of noise in the decision process, it is possible\nfor an agent to become \"trapped\" in one of the choices on the basis of their\nearly experiences. If the utility distributions for the two choices are\ndifferent, then the agent may even become trapped in the choice which is\nobjectively worse in the sense of expected long-term returns; crucially we\nextend earlier work to address this case. Using tools from statistical physics\nand extreme-value theory, we show that for exponential utilities there is an\noptimal value of noise which maximizes the expected returns in the long run. We\nalso briefly discuss the behaviour for other utility distributions.",
        "positive": "Energy Landscape of the Finite-Size Mean-field 3-Spin Spherical Model: We study the 3-spin spherical model with mean-field interactions and Gaussian\nrandom couplings. For moderate system sizes of up to 20 spins, we obtain all\nstationary points of the energy landscape by means of the numerical polynomial\nhomotopy continuation method. On the basis of these stationary points, we\nanalyze the complexity and other quantities related to the glass transition of\nthe model and compare these finite-system quantities to their exact\ncounterparts in the thermodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anisotropic Lattice Models of Electrolytes: Systems of charged particles on anisotropic three-dimensional lattices are\ninvestigated theoretically using Debye-Huckel theory. It is found that the\nthermodynamics of these systems strongly depends on the degree of anisotropy.\nFor weakly anisotropic simple cubic lattices, the results indicate the\nexistence of order-disorder phase transitions and a tricritical point, while\nthe possibility of low-density gas-liquid coexistence is suppressed. For\nstrongly anisotropic lattices this picture changes dramatically: the\nlow-density gas-liquid phase separation reappears and the phase diagram\nexhibits critical, tricritical and triple points. For body-centered lattices,\nthe low-density gas-liquid phase coexistence is suppressed for all degrees of\nanisotropy. These results show that the effect of anisotropy in lattice models\nof electrolytes amounts to reduction of spatial dimensionality.",
        "positive": "Control of Active Brownian Particles: An exact solution: Control of stochastic systems is a challenging open problem in statistical\nphysics, with potential applications in a wealth of systems from biology to\ngranulates. Unlike most cases investigated so far, we aim here at controlling a\ngenuinely out-of-equilibrium system, the two dimensional Active Brownian\nParticles model in a harmonic potential, a paradigm for the study of\nself-propelled bacteria. We search for protocols for the driving parameters\n(stiffness of the potential and activity of the particles) bringing the system\nfrom an initial passive-like stationary state to a final active-like one,\nwithin a chosen time interval. The exact analytical results found for this\nprototypical system of self-propelled particles brings control techniques to a\nwider class of out-of-equilibrium systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One-dimensional irreversible aggregation with TASEP dynamics: We define and study one-dimensional model of irreversible aggregation of\nparticles obeying a discrete-time kinetics which is a special limit of the\ngeneralized Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (gTASEP) on open\nchains. The model allows for clusters of particles to translate as a whole\nentity one site to the right with the same probability as single particles do.\nA particle and a cluster, as well as two clusters, irreversibly aggregate\nwhenever they become nearest neighbors. Nonequilibrium stationary phases appear\nunder the balance of injection and ejection of particles. By extensive Monte\nCarlo simulations it is established that the phase diagram in the plane of the\ninjection-ejection probabilities consists of three stationary phases: a\nmulti-particle (MP) one, a completely filled (CF) phase and a 'mixed' (MP+CF)\none. The transitions between these phases are: an unusual transition between MP\nand CF with jump discontinuity in both the bulk density and the current, a\nconventional first-order transition with a jump in the bulk density between MP\nand MP+CF, and a continuous clustering-type transition from MP to CF, which\ntakes place throughout the MP+CF phase between them. By the data collapse\nmethod a finite-size scaling function for the current and bulk density is\nobtained near the unusual phase transition line. A diverging correlation length\nassociated with that transition is identified and interpreted as the size of\nthe largest cluster. The model allows for a future extension to account for\npossible cluster fragmentation.",
        "positive": "Flocking of two unfriendly species: The two-species Vicsek model: We consider the two-species Vicsek model (TSVM) consisting of two kinds of\nself-propelled particles, A and B, that tend to align with particles from the\nsame species and to antialign with the other. The model shows a flocking\ntransition that is reminiscent of the original Vicsek model: it has a\nliquid-gas phase transition and displays micro-phase-separation in the\ncoexistence region where multiple dense liquid bands propagate in a gaseous\nbackground. The interesting features of the TSVM are the existence of two kinds\nof bands, one composed of mainly A particles and one mainly of B particles, the\nappearance of two dynamical states in the coexistence region: the PF (parallel\nflocking) state in which all bands of the two species propagate in the same\ndirection, and the APF (antiparallel flocking) state in which the bands of\nspecies A and species B move in opposite directions. When PF and APF states\nexist in the low-density part of the coexistence region they perform stochastic\ntransitions from one to the other. The system size dependence of the transition\nfrequency and dwell times show a pronounced crossover that is determined by the\nratio of the band width and the longitudinal system size. Our work paves the\nway for studying multispecies flocking models with heterogeneous alignment\ninteractions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractal Behavior of the Two-Dimensional Ising Model at small\n  spatio-temporal scales: The distribution of the fractal dimension of the two-dimensional Ising model\nat the critical temperature measured by the Monte-Carlo simulation is\ndiscussed. At small spatio-temporal scales it exhibits a multifractal behavior\nand is well fitted by a non-Gaussian distribution derived from the R\\'enyi or\nTsallis entropy.",
        "positive": "Biconical structures in two-dimensional anisotropic Heisenberg\n  antiferromagnets: Square lattice Heisenberg and XY antiferromagnets with uniaxial anisotropy in\na field along the easy axis are studied. Based on ground state considerations\nand Monte Carlo simulations, the role of biconical structures in the transition\nregion between the antiferromagnetic and spin--flop phases is analyzed. In\nparticular, adding a single--ion anisotropy to the XXZ antiferromagnet, one\nobserves, depending on the sign of that anisotropy, either an intervening\nbiconical phase or a direct transition of first order separating the two\nphases. In case of the anisotropic XY model, the degeneracy of the ground\nstate, at a critical field, in antiferromagnetic, spin--flop, and bidirectional\nstructures seems to result, as in the case of the XXZ model, in a narrow\ndisordered phase between the antiferromagnetic and spin--flop phases, dominated\nby bidirectional fluctuations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipation-induced symmetry breaking in a driven optical lattice: We analyze the atomic dynamics in an ac driven periodic optical potential\nwhich is symmetric in both time and space. We experimentally demonstrate that\nin the presence of dissipation the symmetry is broken, and a current of atoms\nthrough the optical lattice is generated as a result.",
        "positive": "Bond percolation on a class of correlated and clustered random graphs: We introduce a formalism for computing bond percolation properties of a class\nof correlated and clustered random graphs. This class of graphs is a\ngeneralization of the Configuration Model where nodes of different types are\nconnected via different types of hyperedges, edges that can link more than 2\nnodes. We argue that the multitype approach coupled with the use of clustered\nhyperedges can reproduce a wide spectrum of complex patterns, and thus enhances\nour capability to model real complex networks. As an illustration of this\nclaim, we use our formalism to highlight unusual behaviors of the size and\ncomposition of the components (small and giant) in a synthetic, albeit\nrealistic, social network."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pseudo-critical behavior of spin-1/2 Ising diamond and tetrahedral\n  chains: A few paradigmatic one-dimensional lattice-statistical spin models have\nrecently attracted a vigorous scientific interest owing to their peculiar\nthermodynamic behavior, which is highly reminiscent of a temperature-driven\nphase transition. The pseudotransitions of one-dimensional lattice-statistical\nspin models differ from actual phase transitions in several important aspects:\nthe first-order derivatives of the Gibbs free energy such as entropy or\nmagnetization exhibit near a pseudo-transition an abrupt continuous change\ninstead of a true discontinuity, whereas the second-order derivatives of the\nGibbs free energy such as specific heat or susceptibility display near a\npseudo-transition a vigorous finite peak instead of an actual power-law\ndivergence. In the present chapter we will comprehensively examine a\npseudo-critical behavior of the spin-1/2 Ising diamond and tetrahedral chains\nby a detailed examination of basic magnetothermodynamic quantities such as the\nentropy, specific heat and susceptibility. It will be demonstrated that density\nplots of these magnetothermodynamic quantities provide a useful tool for\nestablishing a finite-temperature diagram, which clearly delimits boundaries\nbetween individual quasi-phases in spite of a lack of true spontaneous\nlong-range order at any nonzero temperature. It is suggested that a substantial\ndifference between the degeneracies of two ground states of the spin-1/2 Ising\ndiamond and tetrahedral chains is an essential prerequisite for observation of\na relevant pseudo-critical behavior in a close vicinity of their ground-state\nphase boundary.",
        "positive": "One-Dimensional Bose Gases with N-Body Attractive Interactions: We study the ground state properties of a one-dimensional Bose gas with\nN-body attractive contact interactions. By using the explicit form of the\nbright soliton solution of a generalized nonlinear Schroedinger equation, we\ncompute the chemical potential and the ground state energy. For N=3, a\nlocalized soliton wave-function exists only for a critical value of the\ninteraction strength: in this case the ground state has an infinite degeneracy\nthat can be parameterized by the chemical potential. The stabilization of the\nbright soliton solution by an external harmonic trap is also discussed, and a\ncomparison with the effect of N-body attractive contact interactions in higher\ndimensions is presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coherent molecular bound states of bosons and fermions near a Feshbach\n  resonance: We analyze molecular bound states of atomic quantum gases near a Feshbach\nresonance. A simple, renormalizable field theoretic model is shown to have\nexact solutions in the two-body sector, whose binding energy agrees well with\nobserved experimental results in both Bosonic and Fermionic cases. These\nsolutions, which interpolate between BEC and BCS theories, also provide a more\ngeneral variational ansatz for resonant superfluidity and related problems.",
        "positive": "Large deviations of the dynamical activity in the East model: analysing\n  structure in biased trajectories: We consider large deviations of the dynamical activity in the East model. We\nbias this system to larger than average activity and investigate the structure\nthat emerges. To best characterise this structure, we exploit the fact that\nthere are effective interactions that would reproduce the same behaviour in an\nequilibrium system. We combine numerical results with linear response theory\nand variational estimates of these effective interactions, giving the first\ninsights into such interactions in a many-body system, across a wide range of\nbiases. The system exhibits a hierarchy of responses to the bias, remaining\nquasi-equilibrated on short length scales, but deviating far from equilibrium\non large length scales. We discuss the connection between this hierarchy and\nthe hierarchical aging behaviour of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Fractal Dimension of Ionization Cascades in the Glow Discharge: The glow discharge's main ionization breakdown processes have been understood\nfor about one hundred years. The glow discharge, however, still remains an area\nof active research in relation to pattern formation and far-from-equilibrium\nsystems. The primary and secondary ionization processes can be mathematically\nmodelled as general branching processes. Not only is the Townsend breakdown\ncriterion obtained but the ionization avalanche can be characterized as a\nbranching set with a unique Hausdorff fractal dimension. These fractal\ndimensions can be utilized in applications using similarity principles and\nPaschen's Law.",
        "positive": "Jamming in hard sphere suspensions under shear: We consider a system of monodisperse hard spheres immersed in a sheared\nfluid. We obtain the distortion of the structure factor of the hard spheres at\nlow shear rates, within a Percus-Yevick like framework. The consequent\ndistortion of the pair distribution function is shown to affect the transition\nof the hard sphere fluid into a jammed state, which is similar to the\ntransition to the state of random close packing in the absence of shear."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coupling driven exclusion and diffusion processes on parallel lanes:\n  boundary induced phase transitions and boundary layers: We study a driven many particle system comprising of two identical lanes of\nfinite lengths. On one lane, particles hop diffusively with a bias in a\nspecific direction. On the other lane, particles hop in a specific direction\nobeying mutual exclusion rule. In addition, the two lanes are connected with\neach other through exchange of particles with certain rules. The system, at its\ntwo ends, is in contact with particle reservoirs which maintain specific\nparticle densities at the two ends. In this paper, we study boundary-induced\nphase transitions exhibited by this system and predict the phase diagram using\nthe technique of fixed point based boundary layer analysis. An interesting\nmanifestation of the interplay of two density variables associated with two\nlanes is found in the shock phase in which the particle density profile across\nthe lane with unidirectional hopping shows a jump discontinuity (shock) from a\nlow- to a high-density region. The density profile on the diffusion-lane never\nexhibits a shock. However, the shock in the other lane gives rise to a\ndiscontinuity in the slope of the diffusion-lane density profile. We show how\nan approximate solution for the slope can be obtained in the boundary layer\nanalysis framework.",
        "positive": "Discrete Time-Crystalline Order in Cavity and Circuit QED Systems: Discrete time crystals are a recently proposed and experimentally observed\nout-of-equilibrium dynamical phase of Floquet systems, where the stroboscopic\nevolution of a local observable repeats itself at an integer multiple of the\ndriving period. We address this issue in a driven-dissipative setup, focusing\non the modulated open Dicke model, which can be implemented by cavity or\ncircuit QED systems. In the thermodynamic limit, we employ semiclassical\napproaches and find rich dynamical phases on top of the discrete\ntime-crystalline order. In a deep quantum regime with few qubits, we find clear\nsignatures of a transient discrete time-crystalline behavior, which is absent\nin the isolated counterpart. We establish a phenomenology of dissipative\ndiscrete time crystals by generalizing the Landau theory of phase transitions\nto Floquet open systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Supersymmetry approach in the field theory of ergodicity breaking\n  transitions: The supersymmetry self-consistent approximation for the model of\nnon-equilibrium thermodynamic system with quenched disorder is derived from the\ndynamical action calculated by means of generalized second Legendre\ntransformation. The equations for adiabatic and isothermal susceptibilities,\nmemory and field induced parameters are obtained on the basis of asymptotic\nanalysis of dynamical Dyson equations. It is shown that the marginal stability\ncondition that defines the critical point is governed by fluctuations violating\nFDT. The temperature of ergodicity breaking transition is calculated as a\nfunction of quenched disorder intensities. Transformation of superfields\nrelated to the mapping between an instanton process and the corresponding\ncausal solution is discussed.",
        "positive": "Shock propagation following an intense explosion: comparison between\n  hydrodynamics and simulations: The solution for the radial distribution of pressure, density, temperature\nand flow velocity fields in a blast wave propagating through a medium at rest,\nfollowing an intense explosion, starting from hydrodynamic equations, is one of\nthe classic problems in gas dynamics. However, there is very little direct\nverification of the theory and its assumptions from simulations of microscopic\nmodels. In this paper, we compare the results and assumptions of the\nhydrodynamic theory with results from large scale event driven molecular\ndynamics simulations of a hard sphere gas in three dimensions. We find that the\npredictions for the radial distribution of the thermodynamic quantities do not\nmatch well with the numerical data. We improve the theory by replacing the\nideal gas law with a more realistic virial equation of state for the hard\nsphere gas. While this improves the theoretical predictions, we show that they\nstill fail to describe the data well. To understand the reasons for this\ndiscrepancy, the different assumptions of the hydrodynamic theory are tested\nwithin the simulations. A key assumption of the theory is the existence of a\nlocal equation of state. We validate this assumption by showing that the local\npressure, temperature and density obey the equation of state for a hard sphere\ngas. However, the probability distribution of the velocity fluctuations has\nnon-gaussian tails, especially away from the shock front, showing that the\nassumption of local equilibrium is violated. This, along with neglect of heat\nconduction, could be the possible reasons for the mismatch between theory and\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Integer partitions and exclusion statistics: Limit shapes and the\n  largest part of Young diagrams: We compute the limit shapes of the Young diagrams of the minimal difference\n$p$ partitions and provide a simple physical interpretation for the limit\nshapes. We also calculate the asymptotic distribution of the largest part of\nthe Young diagram and show that the scaled distribution has a Gumbel form for\nall $p$. This Gumbel statistics for the largest part remains unchanged even for\ngeneral partitions of the form $E=\\sum_i n_i i^{1/\\nu}$ with $\\nu>0$ where\n$n_i$ is the number of times the part $i$ appears.",
        "positive": "Cluster Analysis and Finite-Size Scaling for Ising Spin Systems: Based on the connection between the Ising model and a correlated percolation\nmodel, we calculate the distribution function for the fraction ($c$) of lattice\nsites in percolating clusters in subgraphs with $n$ percolating clusters,\n$f_n(c)$, and the distribution function for magnetization ($m$) in subgraphs\nwith $n$ percolating clusters, $p_n(m)$. We find that $f_n(c)$ and $p_n(m)$\nhave very good finite-size scaling behavior and they have universal finite-size\nscaling functions for the model on square, plane triangular, and honeycomb\nlattices when aspect ratios of these lattices have the proportions 1:$\\sqrt\n3$/2:$\\sqrt 3$. The complex structure of the magnetization distribution\nfunction $p(m)$ for the system with large aspect ratio could be understood from\nthe independent orientations of two or more percolation clusters in such\nsystem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Honeycomb lattice Kitaev model with Wen-Toric-code interactions, and\n  anyon excitations: The honeycomb lattice Kitaev model H_{K} with two kinds of Wen-Toric-code\nfour-body interactions H_{WT} is investigated exactly using a new\nfermionization method, and the ground state phase diagram is obtained. Six\nkinds of three-body interactions are also considered. A Hamiltonian equivalent\nto the honeycomb lattice Kitaev model is also introduced. The fermionization\nmethod is generalized to two-dimensional systems, and the two-dimensional\nJordan-Wigner transformation is obtained as a special case of this formula. The\nmodel H_{K}+H_{WT} is symmetric in four-dimensional space of coupling\nconstants, and the anyon type excitations appear in each phase.",
        "positive": "Finite-lattice form factors in free-fermion models: We consider the general $\\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric free-fermion model on the\nfinite periodic lattice, which includes as special cases the Ising model on the\nsquare and triangular lattices and $\\mathbb{Z}_n$-symmetric BBS\n$\\tau^{(2)}$-model with $n=2$. Translating Kaufman's fermionic approach to\ndiagonalization of Ising-like transfer matrices into the language of Grassmann\nintegrals, we determine the transfer matrix eigenvectors and observe that they\ncoincide with the eigenvectors of a square lattice Ising transfer matrix. This\nallows to find exact finite-lattice form factors of spin operators for the\nstatistical model and the associated finite-length quantum chains, of which the\nmost general is equivalent to the XY chain in a transverse field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature suppression of Kelvin-wave turbulence in superfluids: Kelvin waves propagating on quantum vortices play a crucial role in the\nphenomenology of energy dissipation of superfluid turbulence. Previous\ntheoretical studies have consistently focused on the zero-temperature limit of\nthe statistical physics of Kelvin-wave turbulence. In this letter, we go beyond\nthis athermal limit by introducing a small but finite temperature in the form\nof non-zero mutual friction dissipative force; A situation regularly\nencountered in actual experiments of superfluid turbulence. In this case we\nshow that there exists a new typical length-scale separating a quasi-inertial\nrange of Kelvin wave turbulence from a far dissipation range. The letter\nculminates with analytical predictions for the energy spectrum of the\nKelvin-wave turbulence in both of these regimes.",
        "positive": "Galilean-Invariant Lattice-Boltzmann Models with H-Theorem: We demonstrate that the requirement of galilean invariance determines the\nchoice of H function for a wide class of entropic lattice Boltzmann models for\nthe incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The required H function has the\nform of the Burg entropy for D=2, and of a Tsallis entropy with q=1-2/D for\nD>2, where D is the number of spatial dimensions. We use this observation to\nconstruct a fully explicit, unconditionally stable, galilean invariant,\nlattice-Boltzmann model for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, for\nwhich attainable Reynolds number is limited only by grid resolution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature Dependence of the Cyclotron Mass in n-Type CdS: Recent cyclotron resonance experiments in n-type CdS at ultra-high magnetic\nfields have revealed a pronounced maximum of the electron cyclotron mass as a\nfunction of temperature. In order to interpret these data, we calculate the\nmagneto-absorption spectra of polarons in n-CdS using the arbitrary-coupling\napproach. We show that in high magnetic fields the polaron effects beyond the\nweak-coupling approximation clearly reveal themselves in the magneto-optical\nabsorption even at relatively small values of the Froehlich coupling constant.\nIn particular, those effects result in a non-monotonous behaviour of the\ncyclotron mass as a function of temperature. We extend the theory to take into\naccount a combined effect of several scattering mechanisms on the\nmagneto-absorption spectra. The extended theory allows us to interpret\nquantitatively the experimentally observed behaviour of the cyclotron mass in\nCdS.",
        "positive": "Thermal Properties of Vortices on Curved Surfaces: We use Monte Carlo simulations to study the finite temperature behavior of\nvortices in the XY- model for tangent vector order on curved backgrounds.\nContrary to naive expectations, we show that the underlying geometry does not\naffect the proliferation of vortices with temperature respect to what is\nobserved on a flat surface. Long-range order in these systems is analyzed by\nusing the classical two-point correlation functions. As expected, in the case\nof slightly curved substrates these correlations behave similarly to the plane.\nHowever, for high curvatures, the presence of geometry-induced unbounded\nvortices at low temperatures produces the rapid decay of correlations and an\napparent lack of long-range order. Our results shed light on the\nfinite-temperature physics of soft-matter systems and anisotropic magnets\ndeposited on curved substrates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport on exploding percolation clusters: We propose a simple generalization of the explosive percolation process\n[Achlioptas et al., Science 323, 1453 (2009)], and investigate its structural\nand transport properties. In this model, at each step, a set of q unoccupied\nbonds is randomly chosen. Each of these bonds is then associated with a weight\ngiven by the product of the cluster sizes that they would potentially connect,\nand only that bond among the q-set which has the smallest weight becomes\noccupied. Our results indicate that, at criticality, all finite-size scaling\nexponents for the spanning cluster, the conducting backbone, the cutting bonds,\nand the global conductance of the system, change continuously and significantly\nwith q. Surprisingly, we also observe that systems with intermediate values of\nq display the worst conductive performance. This is explained by the strong\ninhibition of loops in the spanning cluster, resulting in a substantially\nsmaller associated conducting backbone.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of dense hard sphere colloidal systems: a numerical analysis: The applicability to dense hard sphere colloidal suspensions of a general\ncoarse-graining approach called Record Dynamics (RD) is tested by extensive\nmolecular dynamics simulations.\n  We reproduce known results as logarithmic diffusion and the logarithmic decay\nof the average potential energy per particle. We provide quantitative measures\nfor the cage size and identify the displacements of single particles\ncorresponding to cage breakings. We then partition the system into spatial\ndomains. Within each domain, a subset of intermittent events called quakes is\nshown to constitute a log-Poisson process, as predicted by Record Dynamics.\nSpecifically, these events are shown to be statistically independent and\nPoisson distributed with an average depending on the logarithm of time.\nFinally, we discuss the nature of the dynamical barriers surmounted by quakes\nand link RD to the phenomenology of aging hard sphere colloids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Deep Physics Behind the Second Law: Information and Energy As\n  Independent Forms of Bookkeeping: Even after over 150 years of discussion, the interpretation of the second law\nof thermodynamics continues to be a source of confusion and controversy in\nphysics. This confusion has been accentuated by recent challenges to the second\nlaw and by the difficulty in many cases of clarifying which formulation is\nthreatened and how serious the implications of a successful challenge would be.\nTo help bring clarity and consistency to the analysis of these challenges, the\naim of this paper is to suggest a simple formulation of the deep physics of the\nsecond law, and to point out how such a statement might help us organize the\nchallenges by level of seriousness. We pursue the notion that the second law is\nultimately a restriction operating directly on the dynamics of information, so\nthe existence of this law can be traced to the need for a system of\n\"information bookkeeping\" that is independent of the bookkeeping for energy.\nEnergy and information are related but independent, so the dynamical\nrestrictions for one cannot be derived from those for the other. From this\nperspective, we also suggest the possibility that the foundation of the second\nlaw may be linked to the finite capacity of nature to store information about\nits own state.",
        "positive": "Work fluctuations in a nonlinear micromechanical oscillator driven far\n  from thermal equilibrium: We explore fluctuation relations in a periodically driven micromechanical\ntorsional oscillator. In the linear regime where the modulation is weak, we\nverify that the ratio of the work variance to the mean work is constant,\nconsistent with conventional fluctuation theorems. We then increase the\namplitude of the periodic drive so that the response becomes nonlinear and two\nnonequilibrium oscillation states coexist. Due to interstate transitions, the\nwork variance exhibits a peak at the driving frequency at which the occupation\nof the two states is equal. Moreover, the work fluctuations depend\nexponentially on the inverse noise intensity. Our data are consistent with\nrecent theories on systems driven into bistability that predict generic\nbehaviors different from conventional fluctuation theorems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deterministic Scale-Free Networks: Scale-free networks are abundant in nature and society, describing such\ndiverse systems as the world wide web, the web of human sexual contacts, or the\nchemical network of a cell. All models used to generate a scale-free topology\nare stochastic, that is they create networks in which the nodes appear to be\nrandomly connected to each other. Here we propose a simple model that generates\nscale-free networks in a deterministic fashion. We solve exactly the model,\nshowing that the tail of the degree distribution follows a power law.",
        "positive": "Diffusive growth of a polymer layer by in sity polymerization: We consider the growth of a polymer layer on a flat surface in a good solvent\nby in-situ polymerization. This is viewed as a modified form of\ndiffusion-limited aggregation without branching. We predict theoretically the\nformation of a pseudo-brush with density rhog(z) \\propto z^{-2/3} and\ncharacteristic height \\propto t^{3}. These results are found by combining a\nmean-field treatment of the diffusive growth (marginally valid in three\ndimensions) with a scaling theory (Flory exponent nu =3/5) of the growing\npolymers. We confirm their validity by Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium version of the Einstein relation: The celebrated Einstein relation between the diffusion coefficient $D$ and\nthe drift velocity $v$ is violated in non-equilibrium circumstances. We analyze\nhow this violation emerges for the simplest example of a Brownian motion on a\nlattice, taking into account the interplay between the periodicity, the\nrandomness and the asymmetry of the transition rates. Based on the\nnon-equilibrium fluctuation theorem the $v/D$ ratio is found to be a non-linear\nfunction of the affinity. Hence it depends in a non-trivial way on the\nmicroscopics of the sample.",
        "positive": "Influence of measurements on the statistics of work performed on a\n  quantum system: The recently demonstrated robustness of fluctuation theorems against\nmeasurements [M. Campisi \\emph{et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. \\textbf{105} 140601\n(2010)] does not imply that the probability distributions of nonequilibrium\nquantities, such as heat and work, remain unaffected. We determine the impact\nof measurements that are performed during a running force protocol on the\ncharacteristic function of work. The results are illustrated by means of the\nLandau-Zener(-St\\\"uckelberg-Majorana) model. In the limit of continuous\nmeasurements the quantum Zeno effect suppresses any unitary dynamics. It is\ndemonstrated that the characteristic function of work is the same as for an\nadiabatic protocol when the continuously measured quantity coincides with the\nHamiltonian governing the unitary dynamics of the system in the absence of\nmeasurements."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature gradient and thermal conductivity in superdiffusive\n  materials: Thermal conductivities are routinely calculated in molecular dynamics\nsimulations by keeping the boundaries at different temperatures and measuring\nthe slope of the temperature profile in the bulk of the material, explicitly\nusing Fourier's law of heat conduction. Substantiated by the observation of a\ndistinct linear profile at the center of the material, this approach has also\nbeen frequently used in superdiffusive materials, such as nanotubes or polymer\nchains, which do not satisfy Fourier's law at the system sizes considered. It\nhas been recently argued that this temperature gradient procedure yields worse\nresults when compared with a method based on the temperature difference at the\nboundaries -- thus taking into account the regions near the boundaries where\nthe temperature profile is not linear. We study a realistic example,\nnanocomposites formed by adding boron nitride nanotubes to a polymer matrix of\namorphous polyethylene, to show that in superdiffusive materials, despite the\nappearance of a central region with a linear profile, the temperature gradient\nmethod is actually inconsistent with a conductivity that depends on the system\nsize, and, thus, it should be only used in normal diffusive systems.",
        "positive": "Synchronization in a ring of pulsating oscillators with bidirectional\n  couplings: We study the dynamical behavior of an ensemble of oscillators interacting\nthrough short range bidirectional pulses. The geometry is 1D with periodic\nboundary conditions. Our interest is twofold. To explore the conditions\nrequired to reach fully synchronization and to invewstigate the time needed to\nget such state. We present both theoretical and numerical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fate of many-body localization under periodic driving: We study many-body localised quantum systems subject to periodic driving. We\nfind that the presence of a mobility edge anywhere in the spectrum is enough to\nlead to delocalisation for any driving strength and frequency. By contrast, for\na fully localised many-body system, a delocalisation transition occurs at a\nfinite driving frequency. We present numerical studies on a system of\ninteracting one-dimensional bosons and the quantum random energy model, as well\nas simple physical pictures accounting for those results.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions and optimal algorithms for semi-supervised\n  classifications on graphs: from belief propagation to graph convolution\n  network: We perform theoretical and algorithmic studies for the problem of clustering\nand semi-supervised classification on graphs with both pairwise relational\ninformation and single-point feature information, upon a joint stochastic block\nmodel for generating synthetic graphs with both edges and node features.\nAsymptotically exact analysis based on the Bayesian inference of the underlying\nmodel are conducted, using the cavity method in statistical physics.\nTheoretically, we identify a phase transition of the generative model, which\nputs fundamental limits on the ability of all possible algorithms in the\nclustering task of the underlying model. Algorithmically, we propose a belief\npropagation algorithm that is asymptotically optimal on the generative model,\nand can be further extended to a belief propagation graph convolution neural\nnetwork (BPGCN) for semi-supervised classification on graphs. For the first\ntime, well-controlled benchmark datasets with asymptotially exact properties\nand optimal solutions could be produced for the evaluation of graph convolution\nneural networks, and for the theoretical understanding of their strengths and\nweaknesses. In particular, on these synthetic benchmark networks we observe\nthat existing graph convolution neural networks are subject to an sparsity\nissue and an ovefitting issue in practice, both of which are successfully\novercome by our BPGCN. Moreover, when combined with classic neural network\nmethods, BPGCN yields extraordinary classification performances on some\nreal-world datasets that have never been achieved before."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discreteness effects in a reacting system of particles with finite\n  interaction radius: An autocatalytic reacting system with particles interacting at a finite\ndistance is studied. We investigate the effects of the discrete-particle\ncharacter of the model on properties like reaction rate, quenching phenomenon\nand front propagation, focusing on differences with respect to the continuous\ncase. We introduce a renormalized reaction rate depending both on the\ninteraction radius and the particle density, and we relate it to macroscopic\nobservables (e.g., front speed and front thickness) of the system.",
        "positive": "Quantum quenches with random matrix Hamiltonians and disordered\n  potentials: We numerically investigate statistical ensembles for the occupations of\neigenstates of an isolated quantum system emerging as a result of quantum\nquenches. The systems investigated are sparse random matrix Hamiltonians and\ndisordered lattices. In the former case, the quench consists of sudden\nswitching-on the off-diagonal elements of the Hamiltonian. In the latter case,\nit is sudden switching-on of the hopping between adjacent lattice sites. The\nquench-induced ensembles are compared with the so-called \"quantum\nmicro-canonical\" (QMC) ensemble describing quantum superpositions with fixed\nenergy expectation values. Our main finding is that quantum quenches with\nsparse random matrices having one special diagonal element lead to the\ncondensation phenomenon predicted for the QMC ensemble. Away from the QMC\ncondensation regime, the overall agreement with the QMC predictions is only\nqualitative for both random matrices and disordered lattices but with some\ncases of a very good quantitative agreement. In the case of disordered\nlattices, the QMC ensemble can be used to estimate the probability of finding a\nparticle in a localized or delocalized eigenstate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dark soliton dynamics in Bose-Einstein condensates at finite temperature: The dynamics of a dark soliton in an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate at\nfinite temperatures is studied using numerical simulations. We find that in the\npresence of harmonic confinement the soliton may oscillate even at finite\ntemperatures, but with an amplitude that increases with time, indicating the\ndecay of the soliton. The timescale of this decay decreases both with\nincreasing temperature and with increasing initial soliton velocity.\nSimulations performed for the experiment of S. Burger et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.\n83, 5198 (1999), reveal excellent agreement with the observed soliton decay,\nconfirming the crucial role of the thermal cloud in soliton dynamics.",
        "positive": "Dynamical quantum phase transitions in many-body localized systems: We investigate dynamical quantum phase transitions in disordered quantum\nmany-body models that can support many-body localized phases. Employing\n$l$-bits formalism, we lay out the conditions for which singularities\nindicative of the transitions appear in the context of many-body localization.\nUsing the combination of the mapping onto $l$-bits and exact diagonalization\nresults, we explicitly demonstrate the presence of these singularities for a\ncandidate model that features many-body localization. Our work paves the way\nfor understanding dynamical quantum phase transitions in the context of\nmany-body localization, and elucidating whether different phases of the latter\ncan be detected from analyzing the former. The results presented are\nexperimentally accessible with state-of-the-art ultracold-atom and ion-trap\nsetups."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of complex networks: Complex networks describe a wide range of systems in nature and society, much\nquoted examples including the cell, a network of chemicals linked by chemical\nreactions, or the Internet, a network of routers and computers connected by\nphysical links. While traditionally these systems were modeled as random\ngraphs, it is increasingly recognized that the topology and evolution of real\nnetworks is governed by robust organizing principles. Here we review the recent\nadvances in the field of complex networks, focusing on the statistical\nmechanics of network topology and dynamics. After reviewing the empirical data\nthat motivated the recent interest in networks, we discuss the main models and\nanalytical tools, covering random graphs, small-world and scale-free networks,\nas well as the interplay between topology and the network's robustness against\nfailures and attacks.",
        "positive": "Convergence to the asymptotic large deviation limit: Large deviation theory offers a powerful and general statistical framework to\nstudy the asymptotic dynamical properties of rare events. The application of\nthe formalism to concrete experimental situations is, however, often restricted\nby finite statistics. Data might not suffice to reach the asymptotic regime or\njudge whether large deviation estimators converge at all. We here\nexperimentally investigate the large deviation properties of the stochastic\nwork and heat of a levitated nanoparticle subjected to nonequilibrium feedback\ncontrol. This setting allows us to determine for each quantity the convergence\ndomain of the large deviation estimators using a criterion that does not\nrequire the knowledge of the probability distribution. By extracting both the\nasymptotic exponential decay and the subexponential prefactors, we demonstrate\nthat singular prefactors significantly restrict the convergence\ncharacteristics. Our results provide unique insight into the approach to the\nasymptotic large deviation limit and underscore the pivotal role of singular\nprefactors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multicriticality in a one-dimensional topological band insulator: A central tenet in the theory of quantum phase transitions (QPTs) is that a\nnonanalyticity in the ground-state energy in the thermodynamic limit implies a\nQPT. Here we report on a finding that challenges this assertion. As a case\nstudy we take a phase diagram of a one-dimensional band insulator with\nspin-orbit coupled electrons, supporting trivial and topological gapped phases\nseparated by intersecting critical surfaces. The intersections define\nmulticritical lines across which the ground-state energy becomes nonanalytical,\nconcurrent with a closing of the band gap, but with no phase transition taking\nplace.",
        "positive": "Exact position distribution of a harmonically-confined run-and-tumble\n  particle in two dimensions: We consider an overdamped run-and-tumble particle in two dimensions, with\nself propulsion in an orientation that stochastically rotates by 90 degrees at\na constant rate, clockwise or counter-clockwise with equal probabilities. In\naddition, the particle is confined by an external harmonic potential of\nstiffness $\\mu$, and possibly diffuses. We find the exact time-dependent\ndistribution $P\\left(x,y,t\\right)$ of the particle's position, and in\nparticular, the steady-state distribution $P_{\\text{st}}\\left(x,y\\right)$ that\nis reached in the long-time limit. We also find $P\\left(x,y,t\\right)$ for a\n\"free\" particle, $\\mu=0$. We achieve this by showing that, under a proper\nchange of coordinates, the problem decomposes into two\nstatistically-independent one-dimensional problems, whose exact solution has\nrecently been obtained. We then extend these results in several directions, to\ntwo such run-and-tumble particles with a harmonic interaction, to analogous\nsystems of dimension three or higher, and by allowing stochastic resetting."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Behavior of the Zero Field Susceptibility of the Ising Model\n  on the Cayley Tree: It is found that the zero field susceptibility chi of the Ising model on the\nCayley tree exhibits unusually weak divergence at the critical point Tc. The\nsusceptibility amplitude is found to diverge at Tc proportionally to the tree\ngeneration level n, while the behavior of chi is otherwise analytic in the\nvicinity of Tc, with the critical exponent gamma=0.",
        "positive": "Statistics of interfacial fluctuations of radially growing clusters: The dynamics of fluctuating radially growing interfaces is approached using\nthe formalism of stochastic growth equations on growing domains. This framework\nreveals a number of dynamic features arising during surface growth. For fast\ngrowth, dilution, which spatially reorders the incoming matter, is responsible\nfor the transmission of correlations. Its effects include the erasing of memory\nwith respect to the initial condition, a partial attenuation of geometrically\noriginated instabilities, and the restoring of universality in some special\ncases in which the critical exponents depend on the parameters of the equation\nof motion. In this sense, dilution rends the dynamics more similar to the usual\none of planar systems. This fast growth regime is also characterized by the\nspatial decorrelation of the interface, which in the case of radially growing\ninterfaces naturally originates rapid roughening and scale dependent\nfractality, and suggests the advent of a self-similar fractal dimension. The\ncenter of mass fluctuations of growing clusters are also studied, and our\nanalysis suggests the possible non-applicability of usual scalings to the long\nrange surface fluctuations of the radial Eden model. In fact, our study points\nto the fact that this model belongs to a dilution-free universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Measuring Nonequilibrium Temperature of Forced Oscillators: The meaning of temperature in nonequilibrium thermodynamics is considered by\nusing a forced harmonic oscillator in a heat bath, where we have two effective\ntemperatures for the position and the momentum, respectively. We invent a\nconcrete model of a thermometer to testify the validity of these different\ntemperatures from the operational point of view. It is found that the measured\ntemperature depends on a specific form of interaction between the system and a\nthermometer, which means the zeroth law of thermodynamics cannot be immediately\nextended to nonequilibrium cases.",
        "positive": "Information Symmetries in Irreversible Processes: We study dynamical reversibility in stationary stochastic processes from an\ninformation theoretic perspective. Extending earlier work on the reversibility\nof Markov chains, we focus on finitary processes with arbitrarily long\nconditional correlations. In particular, we examine stationary processes\nrepresented or generated by edge-emitting, finite-state hidden Markov models.\nSurprisingly, we find pervasive temporal asymmetries in the statistics of such\nstationary processes with the consequence that the computational resources\nnecessary to generate a process in the forward and reverse temporal directions\nare generally not the same. In fact, an exhaustive survey indicates that most\nstationary processes are irreversible. We study the ensuing relations between\nmodel topology in different representations, the process's statistical\nproperties, and its reversibility in detail. A process's temporal asymmetry is\nefficiently captured using two canonical unifilar representations of the\ngenerating model, the forward-time and reverse-time epsilon-machines. We\nanalyze example irreversible processes whose epsilon-machine presentations\nchange size under time reversal, including one which has a finite number of\nrecurrent causal states in one direction, but an infinite number in the\nopposite. From the forward-time and reverse-time epsilon-machines, we are able\nto construct a symmetrized, but nonunifilar, generator of a process---the\nbidirectional machine. Using the bidirectional machine, we show how to directly\ncalculate a process's fundamental information properties, many of which are\notherwise only poorly approximated via process samples. The tools we introduce\nand the insights we offer provide a better understanding of the many facets of\nreversibility and irreversibility in stochastic processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Single-file diffusion on self-similar substrates: We study the single file diffusion problem on a one-dimensional lattice with\na self-similar distribution of hopping rates. We find that the time dependence\nof the mean-square displacement of both a tagged particle and the center of\nmass of the system present anomalous power laws modulated by logarithmic\nperiodic oscillations. The anomalous exponent of a tagged particle is one half\nof the exponent of the center of mass, and always smaller than 1/4. Using\nheuristic arguments, the exponents and the periods of oscillation are\nanalytically obtained and confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Coarse grained approach for volume conserving models: Volume conserving surface (VCS) models without deposition and evaporation, as\nwell as ideal molecular-beam epitaxy models, are prototypes to study the\nsymmetries of conserved dynamics. In this work we study two similar VCS models\nwith conserved noise, which differ from each other by the axial symmetry of\ntheir dynamic hopping rules. We use a coarse-grained approach to analyze the\nmodels and show how to determine the coefficients of their corresponding\ncontinuous stochastic differential equation (SDE) within the same universality\nclass. The employed method makes use of small translations in a test space\nwhich contains the stationary probability density function (SPDF). In case of\nthe symmetric model we calculate all the coarse-grained coefficients of the\nrelated conserved Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation. With respect to the\nsymmetric model, the asymmetric model adds new terms which have to be analyzed,\nfirst of all the diffusion term, whose coarse-grained coefficient can be\ndetermined by the same method. In contrast to other methods, the used formalism\nallows to calculate all coefficients of the SDE theoretically and within limits\nnumerically. Above all, the used approach connects the coefficients of the SDE\nwith the SPDF and hence gives them a precise physical meaning."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scrambling in Random Unitary Circuits: Exact Results: We study the scrambling of quantum information in local random unitary\ncircuits by focusing on the tripartite information proposed by Hosur et al. We\nprovide exact results for the averaged R\\'enyi-$2$ tripartite information in\ntwo cases: (i) the local gates are Haar random and (ii) the local gates are\ndual-unitary and randomly sampled from a single-site Haar-invariant measure. We\nshow that the latter case defines a one-parameter family of circuits, and prove\nthat for a \"maximally chaotic\" subset of this family quantum information is\nscrambled faster than in the Haar-random case. Our approach is based on a\nstandard mapping onto an averaged folded tensor network, that can be studied by\nmeans of appropriate recurrence relations. By means of the same method, we also\nrevisit the computation of out-of-time-ordered correlation functions,\nre-deriving known formulae for Haar-random unitary circuits, and presenting an\nexact result for maximally chaotic random dual-unitary gates.",
        "positive": "Scaling of the Formation Probabilities and Universal Boundary Entropies\n  in the Quantum XY Spin Chain: We calculate exactly the probability to find the ground state of the XY chain\nin a given spin configuration in the transverse $\\sigma^z$-basis. By\ndetermining finite-volume corrections to the probabilities for a wide variety\nof configurations, we obtain the universal Boundary Entropy at the critical\npoint. The latter is a benchmark of the underlying Boundary Conformal Field\nTheory characterizing each quantum state. To determine the scaling of the\nprobabilities, we prove a theorem that expresses, in a factorized form, the\neigenvalues of a sub-matrix of a circulant matrix as functions of the\neigenvalues of the original matrix. Finally, the Boundary Entropies are\ncomputed by exploiting a generalization of the Euler-MacLaurin formula to\nnon-differentiable functions. It is shown that, in some cases, the spin\nconfiguration can flow to a linear superposition of Cardy states. Our methods\nand tools are rather generic and can be applied to all the periodic quantum\nchains which map to free-fermionic Hamiltonians."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Morphological transition between patterns formed by threads of magnetic\n  beads: Magnetic beads attract each other forming chains. We pushed such chains into\nan inclined Hele-Shaw cell and discovered that they spontaneously form\nself-similar patterns. Depending on the angle of inclination of the cell, two\ncompletely different situations emerge, namely, above the static friction angle\nthe patterns resemble the stacking of a rope and below they look similar to a\nfortress from above. Moreover, locally the first pattern forms a square\nlattice, while the second pattern exhibits triangular symmetry. For both\npatterns, the size distributions of enclosed areas follow power laws. We\ncharacterize the morphological transition between the two patterns\nexperimentally and numerically and explain the change in polarization as a\ncompetition between friction-induced buckling and gravity.",
        "positive": "Mean field solution of the Blume-Capel model under a random crystal\n  field: In this work we investigate the Blume-Capel model with infinite-range\nferromagnetic interactions and under the influence of a quenched disorder - a\nrandom crystal field. For a suitable choice of the random crystal field the\nmodel displays a wealth of multicritical behavior, continuous and first-order\ntransition lines, as well as re-entrant behavior. The resulting phase diagrams\nshow a variety of topologies as a function of the disorder parameter\n$\\textit{p}$. A comparison with recent results on the Blume-Capel model in\nrandom crystal field is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of nonequilibrium free energy transduction by molecular machines: Biomolecular machines are protein complexes that convert between different\nforms of free energy. They are utilized in nature to accomplish many cellular\ntasks. As isothermal nonequilibrium stochastic objects at low Reynolds number,\nthey face a distinct set of challenges compared to more familiar\nhuman-engineered macroscopic machines. Here we review central questions in\ntheir performance as free energy transducers, outline theoretical and modeling\napproaches to understand these questions, identify both physical limits on\ntheir operational characteristics and design principles for improving\nperformance, and discuss emerging areas of research.",
        "positive": "Renormalization-group study of the many-body localization transition in\n  one dimension: Using a new approximate strong-randomness renormalization group (RG), we\nstudy the many-body localized (MBL) phase and phase transition in\none-dimensional quantum systems with short-range interactions and quenched\ndisorder. Our RG is built on those of Zhang $\\textit{et al.}$ [1] and\nGoremykina $\\textit{et al.}$ [2], which are based on thermal and insulating\nblocks. Our main addition is to characterize each insulating block with two\nlengths: a physical length, and an internal decay length $\\zeta$ for its\neffective interactions. In this approach, the MBL phase is governed by a RG\nfixed line that is parametrized by a global decay length $\\tilde{\\zeta}$, and\nthe rare large thermal inclusions within the MBL phase have a fractal geometry.\nAs the phase transition is approached from within the MBL phase,\n$\\tilde{\\zeta}$ approaches the finite critical value corresponding to the\navalanche instability, and the fractal dimension of large thermal inclusions\napproaches zero. Our analysis is consistent with a Kosterlitz-Thouless-like RG\nflow, with no intermediate critical MBL phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Driven transport of soft Brownian particles through pore-like\n  structures: Effective size method: Single-file transport in pore-like structures constitute an important topic\nfor both theory and experiment. For hardcore interacting particles, a good\nunderstanding of the collective dynamics has been achieved recently. Here we\nstudy how softness in the particle interaction affects the emergent transport\nbehavior. To this end, we investigate the driven Brownian motion of particles\nin a periodic potential. The particles interact via a repulsive softcore\npotential with a shape corresponding to a smoothed rectangular barrier. This\nshape allows us to elucidate effects of mutual particle penetration and\nparticle crossing in a controlled manner. We find that even weak deviations\nfrom the hardcore case can have a strong impact on the particle current.\nDespite this fact, the knowledge about the transport in a corresponding\nhardcore system is shown to be useful to describe and interpret our findings\nfor the softcore case. This is achieved by assigning a thermodynamic effective\nsize to the particles based on the equilibrium density functional of hard\nspheres.",
        "positive": "Out-of-equilibrium dynamics in systems with long-range interactions:\n  characterizing quasi-stationary states: Systems with long-range interactions (LRI) display unusual thermodynamical\nand dynamical properties that stem from the non-additive character of the\ninteraction potential. We focus in this work on the lack of relaxation to\nthermal equilibrium when a LRI system is started out-of-equilibrium. Several\nattempts have been made at predicting the so-called quasi-stationary state\n(QSS) reached by the dynamics and at characterizing the resulting transition\nbetween magnetized and non-magnetized states. We review in this work recent\ntheories and interpretations about the QSS. Several theories exist but none of\nthem has provided yet a full account of the dynamics found in numerical\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal features in the growth dynamics of complex organizations: We analyze the fluctuations in the gross domestic product (GDP) of 152\ncountries for the period 1950--1992. We find that (i) the distribution of\nannual growth rates for countries of a given GDP decays with ``fatter'' tails\nthan for a Gaussian, and (ii) the width of the distribution scales as a power\nlaw of GDP with a scaling exponent $\\beta \\approx 0.15$. Both findings are in\nsurprising agreement with results on firm growth. These results are consistent\nwith the hypothesis that the evolution of organizations with complex structure\nis governed by similar growth mechanisms.",
        "positive": "Identities for Entropy Change Associated with the Time-Evolution of an\n  Open System: A general relation between entropy and an evolutionary superoperator is\nderived based on the theory of the real-time formulation. The formulation\nestablishing the relation relies only on the framework of quantum statistical\nmechanics and the standard definition of the von Neumann entropy. Applying the\ntheory of the imaginary-time formulation, a similar relation is obtained for\nthe entropy change due to the change in reservoir temperatures. To show the\nusefulness of these formulas, we derived the expression for the entropy\nproduction induced by some dissipation in an open quantum system as the\nexemplary model system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Biased random walks with finite mean first passage time: A power-law distance-dependent biased random walk model with a tuning\nparameter ($\\sigma$) is introduced in which finite mean first passage times are\nrealizable if $\\sigma$ is less than a critical value $\\sigma_c$. We perform\nnumerical simulations in $1$-dimension to obtain $\\sigma_c \\sim 1.14$. The\nthree-dimensional version of this model is related to the phenomenon of\nchemotaxis. Diffusiophoretic theory supplemented with coarse-grained\nsimulations establish the connection with the specific value of $\\sigma = 2$ as\na consequence of in-built solvent diffusion. A variant of the one-dimensional\npower-law model is found to be applicable in the context of a stock investor\ndevising a strategy for extricating their portfolio out of loss.",
        "positive": "The linear-noise approximation and the chemical master equation exactly\n  agree up to second-order moments for a class of chemical systems: It is well known that the linear-noise approximation (LNA) exactly agrees\nwith the chemical master equation, up to second-order moments, for chemical\nsystems composed of zero and first-order reactions. Here we show that this is\nalso a property of the LNA for a subset of chemical systems with second-order\nreactions. This agreement is independent of the number of interacting\nmolecules."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noncyclic geometric phase in counting statistics and its role as an\n  excess contribution: We propose an application of fiber bundles to counting statistics. The\nframework of the fiber bundles gives a splitting of a cumulant generating\nfunction for current in a stochastic process, i.e., contributions from the\ndynamical phase and the geometric phase. We will show that the introduced\nnoncyclic geometric phase is related to a kind of excess contributions, which\nhave been investigated a lot in nonequilibrium physics. Using a specific\nnonequilibrium model, the characteristics of the noncyclic geometric phase are\ndiscussed; especially, we reveal differences between a geometric contribution\nfor the entropy production and the `excess entropy production' which has been\nused to discuss the second law of steady state thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Efficient prediction of thermodynamic properties of quadrupolar fluids\n  from simulation of a coarse-grained model: The case of carbon dioxide: Monte Carlo simulations are presented for a coarse-grained model of real\nquadrupolar fluids. Molecules are represented by particles interacting with\nLennard-Jones forces plus the thermally averaged quadrupole-quadrupole\ninteraction. The properties discussed include the vapor-liquid coexistence\ncurve, the vapor pressure along coexistence, and the surface tension. The full\nisotherms are also accessible over a wide range of temperatures and densities.\nIt is shown that the critical parameters (critical temperature, density, and\npressure) depend almost linearly on a quadrupolar parameter $q=Q^{*4} /T^*$,\n$Q^*$ is the reduced quadrupole moment of the molecule and $T^*$ the reduced\ntemperature.\n  The model can be applied to a variety of small quadrupolar molecules. We\nfocus on carbon dioxide as a test case, but consider nitrogen and benzene, too.\nExperimental critical temperature, density and quadrupolar moment are\nsufficient to fix the parameters of the model. The resulting agreement with\nexperiments is excellent and marks a significant improvement over approaches\nwhich neglect quadrupolar effects. The same coarse-grained model was also\napplied in the framework of Perturbation Theory (PT) in the Mean Spherical\nApproximation (MSA). As expected, the latter deviates from the Monte Carlo\nresults in the critical region, but is reasonably accurate at lower\ntemperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact travelling wave solutions for the Penrose-Fife Phase Field Model: The Penrose-Fife Phase Field Model is now a well-established model in the\ntheory of phase transitions. In the course of study of this model both the\nrigorous mathematical results and approximate solutions were obtained. However,\nto the best of our knowledge, no exact solutions were given in the literature.\nIn the present paper we give exact traveling wave solutions for this system.\nWhile the functional form of the solutions is rather simple, the dependence of\nsolutions on the parameters of the model is quite complicated.",
        "positive": "Effect of geometrical constraint on conformational properties and\n  adsorption transition of a semiflexible polymer chain: We analyze equilibrium properties and adsorption desorption phase transition\nbehaviour of a linear semiflexible copolymer chain under constrained\ngeometrical situation on square lattice in a good solvent. One dimensional\nstair shaped line imposes geometrical constrain on the chain. Lattice model of\nfully directed self avoiding walk is used to model the chain, semiflexibility\nof the chain is accounted by introducing energy barrier for each bend of the\nchain. Exact expression of the partition function of the chain is obtained\nusing generating function technique for the cases, viz. (i) constrained\ncopolymer chain is in the bulk, (ii) constrained copolymer chain interacting\nwith an impenetrable flat surface, (iii) constrained copolymer chain\ninteracting with constraint itself and (iv) general expression of the partition\nfunction of the copolymer chain, interacting with a flat surface and\ngeometrical constraint (stair shaped line). We have compared bulk properties\nand adsorption desorption transition behaviour of a linear semiflexible\nhomopolymer chain without constraint to the case when the chain is constrained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The circular Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation as an inflating, self-avoiding\n  ring polymer: We consider the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation for a circular interface\nin two dimensions, unconstrained by the standard small-slopes and no-overhang\napproximations. Numerical simulations using an adaptive scheme allow us to\nelucidate the complete time evolution as a crossover between a short-time\nregime with the interface fluctuations of a self-avoiding ring or 2D vesicle,\nand a long-time regime governed by the Tracy-Widom distribution expected for\nthis geometry. For small noise amplitudes, scaling behavior is only of the\nlatter type. Large noise is also seen to renormalize the bare physical\nparameters of the ring, akin to analogous parameter renormalization for\nequilibrium 3D membranes. Our results bear particular importance on the\nrelation between relevant universality classes of scale-invariant systems in\ntwo dimensions.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of ion channels via non-Hermitian quantum mechanics: We study dynamics and thermodynamics of ion channels, considered as effective\n1D Coulomb systems. The long range nature of the inter-ion interactions comes\nabout due to the dielectric constants mismatch between the water and lipids,\nconfining the electric filed to stay mostly within the water-filled channel.\nStatistical mechanics of such Coulomb systems is dominated by entropic effects\nwhich may be accurately accounted for by mapping onto an effective quantum\nmechanics. In presence of multivalent ions the corresponding quantum mechanics\nappears to be non-Hermitian. In this review we discuss a framework for\nsemiclassical calculations for corresponding non-Hermitian Hamiltonians.\nNon-Hermiticity elevates WKB action integrals from the real line to closed\ncycles on a complex Riemann surfaces where direct calculations are not\nattainable. We circumvent this issue by applying tools from algebraic topology,\nsuch as the Picard-Fuchs equation. We discuss how its solutions relate to the\nthermodynamics and correlation functions of multivalent solutions within long\nwater-filled channels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain: thermodynamics, quantum criticality and\n  spin-Peierls exponents: We present numerical and analytical results for the thermodynamical\nproperties of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain at arbitrary external magnetic\nfield. Special emphasis is placed on logarithmic corrections in the\nsusceptibility and specific heat at very low temperatures ($T/J=10^{-24}$) and\nsmall fields. A longstanding controversy about the specific heat is resolved.\nAt zero temperature the spin-Peierls exponent is calculated in dependence on\nthe external magnetic field. This describes the energy response of the system\nto commensurate and incommensurate modulations of the lattice. The exponent for\nthe spin gap in the incommensurate phase is given.",
        "positive": "Level Spectroscopy: Physical Meaning and Application to the\n  Magnetization Plateau Problems: We review the level spectroscopy, which is a powerful method of analyzing the\nnumerical data with respect to the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless quantum\nphase transition in one dimension. We focus on its physical meaning and also\nits application to the magnetization plateau problems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "What Is the Temperature? Modern Outlook on the Concept of Temperature: The meaning and evolution of the notion of \"temperature\" (which is a key\nconcept for the condensed and gaseous matter theories) are addressed from the\ndifferent points of view. The concept of temperature turns out to be much more\nfundamental than it is conventionally thought. In particular, the temperature\nmay be introduced for the systems built of \"small\" number of particles and\nparticles in rest. The Kelvin temperature scale may be introduced into the\nquantum and relativistic physics due to the fact, that the efficiency of the\nquantum and relativistic Carnot cycles coincides with that of the classical\none. The relation of the temperature to the metrics of the configurational\nspace describing the behavior of the system built from non-interacting\nparticles is demonstrated. The Landauer principle asserts that the temperature\nof the system is the only physical value defining the energy cost of isothermal\nerasing of the single bit of information. The role of the temperature the\ncosmic microwave background in modern cosmology is discussed.",
        "positive": "High dimensional behavior of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth dynamics: We investigate analytically the large dimensional behavior of the\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) dynamics of surface growth using a recently proposed\nnon-perturbative renormalization for self-affine surface dynamics. Within this\nframework, we show that the roughness exponent $\\alpha$ decays not faster than\n$\\alpha\\sim 1/d$ for large $d$. This implies the absence of a finite upper\ncritical dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Regression relation for pure quantum states and its implications for\n  efficient computing: We obtain a modified version of the Onsager regression relation for the\nexpectation values of quantum-mechanical operators in pure quantum states of\nisolated many-body quantum systems. We use the insights gained from this\nrelation to show that high-temperature time correlation functions in many-body\nquantum systems can be controllably computed without complete diagonalization\nof the Hamiltonians, using instead the direct integration of the Schroedinger\nequation for randomly sampled pure states. This method is also applicable to\nquantum quenches and other situations describable by time-dependent many-body\nHamiltonians. The method implies exponential reduction of the computer memory\nrequirement in comparison with the complete diagonalization. We illustrate the\nmethod by numerically computing infinite-temperature correlation functions for\ntranslationally invariant Heisenberg chains of up to 29 spins 1/2. Thereby, we\nalso test the spin diffusion hypothesis and find it in a satisfactory agreement\nwith the numerical results. Both the derivation of the modified regression\nrelation and the justification of the computational method are based on the\nnotion of quantum typicality.",
        "positive": "The Futility of Utility: how market dynamics marginalize Adam Smith: Econometrics is based on the nonempiric notion of utility. Prices, dynamics,\nand market equilibria are supposed to be derived from utility. Utility is\nusually treated by economists as a price potential, other times utility rates\nare treated as Lagrangians. Assumptions of integrability of Lagrangians and\ndynamics are implicitly and uncritically made. In particular, economists assume\nthat price is the gradient of utility in equilibrium, but I show that price as\nthe gradient of utility is an integrability condition for the Hamiltonian\ndynamics of an optimization problem in econometric control theory. One\nconsequence is that, in a nonintegrable dynamical system, price cannot be\nexpressed as a function of demand or supply variables. Another consequence is\nthat utility maximization does not describe equiulibrium. I point out that the\nmaximization of Gibbs entropy would describe equilibrium, if equilibrium could\nbe achieved, but equilibrium does not describe real markets. To emphasize the\ninconsistency of the economists' notion of 'equilibrium', I discuss both\ndeterministic and stochastic dynamics of excess demand and observe that Adam\nSmith's stabilizing hand is not to be found either in deterministic or\nstochastic dynamical models of markets, nor in the observed motions of asset\nprices. Evidence for stability of prices of assets in free markets simply has\nnot been found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Compressing nearly hard sphere fluids increases glass fragility: We use molecular dynamics to investigate the glass transition occurring at\nlarge volume fraction, phi, and low temperature, T, in assemblies of soft\nrepulsive particles. We find that equilibrium dynamics in the (phi, T) plane\nobey a form of dynamic scaling in the proximity of a critical point at T=0 and\nphi=phi_0, which should correspond to the ideal glass transition of hard\nspheres. This glass point, `point G', is distinct from athermal jamming\nthresholds. A remarkable consequence of scaling behaviour is that the dynamics\nat fixed phi passes smoothly from that of a strong glass to that of a very\nfragile glass as phi increases beyond phi_0. Correlations between fragility and\nvarious physical properties are explored.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium liquid theory for sheared granular liquids: A noneqilibrium liquid theory for uniformly sheared granular liquids is\ndeveloped starting from the SLLOD Liouville equation. We derive a generalized\nGreen-Kubo formula and also demonstrate that the formulation is essentially\nindependent of the choice of initial condition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Metal - non-metal transition and the second critical point in expanded\n  metals: Based on the non-relativistic Coulomb model within which the matter is a\nsystem of interacting electrons and nuclei, using the quantum field theory and\nlinear response theory methods, opportunity for the existence of the second\ncritical point in expanded metals, which is directly related to the\nmetal--nonmetal transition, predicted by Landau and Zeldovitch, is\ntheoretically justified. It is shown that the matter at the second critical\npoint is in the state of true dielectric with zero static conductivity. The\nresults obtained are in agreement with recent experiments for expanded metals.\nThe existence of the second critical point is caused by the initial\nmulti-component nature of the matter consisting of electrons and nuclei and the\nlong-range character of the Coulomb interaction. (Accepted in PTEP)",
        "positive": "Effective temperature and compactivity of a lattice-gas under gravity: The notion of longitudinal effective temperature and its relation with the\nEdwards compactivity are investigated in an abstract lattice gas model of\ngranular material compacting under gravity and weak thermal vibration."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic Quantisation and Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics: The stochastic quantisation technique of Parisi and Wu is extended to study\nnon-equilibrium statistical mechanics. We show that this scheme is capable of\nhandling white as well as coloured noises.\n  PACS numbers: 64.60.-i; 64.60.Ak; 64.60.Fr; 64.60.Ht",
        "positive": "Spontaneous layering and power-law order in the three-dimensional\n  fully-packed hard-plate lattice gas: We obtain the phase diagram of fully-packed hard plates on a cubic lattice.\nEach plate covers an elementary plaquette of the cubic lattice and occupies its\nfour vertices, with each vertex of the cubic lattice occupied by exactly one\nsuch plate. We consider the general case with fugacities $s_\\mu$ for `$\\mu$\nplates', whose normal is the $\\mu$ direction ($\\mu = x,y,z$). At and close to\nthe isotropic point, we find, consistent with previous work, a phase with\nlong-range sublattice order. When two of the fugacities $s_{\\rm \\mu_1}$ and\n$s_{\\mu_2}$ are comparable, and the third fugacity $s_{\\mu_{3}}$ is much\nsmaller, we find a spontaneously-layered phase. In this phase, the system\nbreaks up into disjoint slabs of width two stacked along the $\\mu_3$ axis.\n$\\mu_1$ and $\\mu_2$ plates are preferentially contained entirely within these\nslabs, while plates straddling two successive slabs have a lower density. In\nthe opposite limit, with $\\mu_3 \\gg \\mu_1 \\sim \\mu_2$, we find a phase with\nlong-range columnar order, corresponding to simultaneous $Z_2$ symmetry\nbreaking of lattice translation symmetry in directions $\\mu_1$ and $\\mu_2$. The\nspontaneously-layered phases display critical behaviour, with power-law decay\nof correlations in the $\\mu_1$ and $\\mu_2$ directions when the slabs are\nstacked in the $\\mu_3$ direction, and represent examples of `floating phases'\ndiscussed earlier in the context of coupled Luttinger liquids and\nquasi-two-dimensional classical systems. We ascribe this remarkable behaviour\nto the constrained motion of defects in this phase, and develop a\ncoarse-grained effective field theoretical understanding of the stability of\npower-law order in this unusual three-dimensional floating phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear susceptibility of a quantum spin glass under uniform\n  transverse and random longitudinal magnetic fields: The interplay between quantum fluctuations and disorder is investigated in a\nspin-glass model, in the presence of a uniform transverse field $\\Gamma$, and a\nlongitudinal random field following a Gaussian distribution with width\n$\\Delta$. The model is studied through the replica formalism. This study is\nmotivated by experimental investigations on the LiHo$_x$Y$_{1-x}$F$_4$\ncompound, where the application of a transverse magnetic field yields rather\nintriguing effects, particularly related to the behavior of the nonlinear\nmagnetic susceptibility $\\chi_3$, which have led to a considerable experimental\nand theoretical debate. We analyzed two situations, namely, $\\Delta$ and\n$\\Gamma$ considered as independent, as well as these two quantities related as\nproposed recently by some authors. In both cases, a spin-glass phase transition\nis found at a temperature $T_f$; moreover, $T_f$ decreases by increasing\n$\\Gamma$ towards a quantum critical point at zero temperature. The situation\nwhere $\\Delta$ and $\\Gamma$ are related appears to reproduce better the\nexperimental observations on the LiHo$_x$Y$_{1-x}$F$_4$ compound, with the\ntheoretical results coinciding qualitatively with measurements of the nonlinear\nsusceptibility. In this later case, by increasing $\\Gamma$, $\\chi_3$ becomes\nprogressively rounded, presenting a maximum at a temperature $T^*$ ($T^*>T_f$).\nMoreover, we also show that the random field is the main responsible for the\nsmearing of the nonlinear susceptibility, acting significantly inside the\nparamagnetic phase, leading to two regimes delimited by the temperature $T^*$,\none for $T_f<T<T^*$, and another one for $T>T^*$. It is argued that the\nconventional paramagnetic state corresponds to $T>T^*$, whereas the temperature\nregion $T_f<T<T^*$ may be characterized by a rather unusual dynamics, possibly\nincluding Griffiths singularities.",
        "positive": "Influence of correlations on the velocity statistics of scalar granular\n  gases: The free evolution of inelastic particles in one dimension is studied by\nmeans of Molecular Dynamics (MD), of an inelastic pseudo-Maxwell model and of a\nlattice model, with emphasis on the role of spatial correlations. We present an\nexact solution of the 1d granular pseudo-Maxwell model for the scaling\ndistribution of velocities and discuss how this model fails to describe\ncorrectly the homogeneous cooling stage of the 1d granular gas. Embedding the\npseudo-Maxwell gas on a lattice (hence allowing for the onset of spatial\ncorrelations), we find a much better agreement with the MD simulations even in\nthe inhomogeneous regime. This is seen by comparing the velocity distributions,\nthe velocity profiles and the structure factors of the velocity field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rigid rotators and diatomic molecules via Tsallis statistics: We obtain an analytic expression for the specific heat of a system of N rigid\nrotators exactly in the high temperature limit, and via a pertubative approach\nin the low temperature limit. We then evaluate the specific heat of a diatomic\ngas with both translational and rotational degrees of freedom, and conclude\nthat there is a mixing between the translational and rotational degrees of\nfreedom in nonextensive statistics.",
        "positive": "Active cluster crystals: We study the appearance and properties of cluster crystals (solids in which\nthe unit cell is occupied by a cluster of particles) in a two-dimensional\nsystem of self-propelled active Brownian particles with repulsive interactions.\nSelf-propulsion deforms the clusters by depleting particle density inside, and\nfor large speeds it melts the crystal. Continuous field descriptions at several\nlevels of approximation allow to identify the relevant physical mechanisms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behaviour of anisotropic magnets with quenched disorder:\n  replica symmetry breaking studied by operator product expansion: We study critical behaviour of disordered magnets near four dimensions. We\nconsider the system with explicit cubic anisotropy and scalar disorder and that\nwith random direction of anisotropy axis. The quenched disorder is taken into\naccount by replica method. Using the method of operator product expansion, we\nderive in the first order to $\\epsilon$ approximation the renormalization group\nequations taking into account possible replica symmetry breaking.",
        "positive": "Entanglement Barriers in Dual-Unitary Circuits: After quantum quenches in many-body systems, finite subsystems evolve\nnon-trivially in time, eventually approaching a stationary state. In typical\nsituations, the reduced density matrix of a given subsystem begins and ends\nthis endeavour as a low-entangled vector in the space of operators. This means\nthat if its operator space entanglement initially grows (which is generically\nthe case), it must eventually decrease, describing a barrier-shaped curve.\nUnderstanding the shape of this \"entanglement barrier\" is interesting for three\nmain reasons: (i) it quantifies the dynamics of entanglement in the (open)\nsubsystem; (ii) it gives information on the approximability of the reduced\ndensity matrix by means of matrix product operators; (iii) it shows qualitative\ndifferences depending on the type of dynamics undergone by the system,\nsignalling quantum chaos. Here we compute exactly the shape of the entanglement\nbarriers described by different R\\'enyi entropies after quantum quenches in\ndual-unitary circuits initialised in a class of solvable matrix product states\n(MPS)s. We show that, for free (SWAP-like) circuits, the entanglement entropy\nbehaves as in rational CFTs. On the other hand, for completely chaotic\ndual-unitary circuits it behaves as in holographic CFTs, exhibiting a longer\nentanglement barrier that drops rapidly when the subsystem thermalises.\nInterestingly, the entanglement spectrum is non-trivial in the completely\nchaotic case. Higher R\\'enyi entropies behave in an increasingly similar way to\nrational CFTs, such that the free and completely chaotic barriers are identical\nin the limit of infinite replicas (i.e. for the so called min-entropy). We also\nshow that, upon increasing the bond dimension of the MPSs, the barrier\nmaintains the same shape. It simply shifts to the left to accommodate for the\nlarger initial entanglement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling in the Inter-Event Time of Random and Seasonal Systems: Interevent times have been studied across various disciplines in search for\ncorrelations. In this paper we show analytical and numerical evidence that at\nthe population level a power-law can be obtained by assuming poissonian agents\nwith different characteristic times, and at the individual level by assuming\npoissonian agents that change the rates at which they perform an event in a\nrandom or deterministic fashion. The range in which we expect to see this\nbehavior and the possible deviations from it are studied by considering the\nshape of the rate distribution.",
        "positive": "Constructing a statistical mechanics for Beck-Cohen superstatistics: The basic aspects of both Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) and nonextensive statistical\nmechanics can be seen through three different stages. First, the proposal of an\nentropic functional\n  ($S_{BG} =-k\\sum_i p_i \\ln p_i$ for the BG formalism) with the appropriate\nconstraints\n  ($\\sum_i p_i=1$ and $\\sum_i p_i E_i = U$ for the BG canonical ensemble).\nSecond, through optimization, the equilibrium or stationary-state distribution\n  ($p_i = e^{-\\beta E_i}/Z_{BG}$ with $Z_{BG}=\\sum_j e^{-\\beta E_j}$ for BG).\nThird, the connection to thermodynamics (e.g., $F_{BG}= -\\frac{1}{\\beta}\\ln\nZ_{BG}$ and\n  $U_{BG}=-\\frac{\\partial}{\\partial \\beta} \\ln Z_{BG}$). Assuming temperature\nfluctuations,\n  Beck and Cohen recently proposed a generalized Boltzmann factor\n  $B(E) = \\int_0^\\infty d\\beta f(\\beta) e^{-\\beta E}$. This corresponds to the\nsecond stage above described. In this letter we solve the corresponding first\nstage, i.e., we present an entropic functional and its associated constraints\nwhich lead precisely to\n  $B(E)$. We illustrate with all six admissible examples given by Beck and\nCohen."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat rectification with a minimal model of two harmonic oscillators: We study heat rectification in a minimalistic model composed of two masses\nsubjected to on-site and coupling linear forces in contact with effective\nLangevin baths induced by laser interactions. Analytic expressions of the heat\ncurrents in the steady state are spelled out. Asymmetric heat transport is\nfound in this linear system if both the bath temperatures and the temperature\ndependent bath-system couplings are also exchanged.",
        "positive": "Non-Gaussian, non-dynamical stochastic resonance: The archetypal system demonstrating stochastic resonance is nothing more than\na threshold triggered device. It consists of a periodic modulated input and\nnoise. Every time an output crosses the threshold the signal is recorded. Such\na digitally filtered signal is sensitive to the noise intensity. There exist\nthe optimal value of the noise intensity resulting in the \"most\" periodic\noutput. Here, we explore properties of the non-dynamical stochastic resonance\nin non-equilibrium situations, i.e. when the Gaussian noise is replaced by an\n$\\alpha$-stable noise. We demonstrate that non-equilibrium $\\alpha$-stable\nnoises, depending on noise parameters, can either weaken or enhance the\nnon-dynamical stochastic resonance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quadrupolar Glass State in para-hydrogen and ortho-deuterium under\n  pressure: The main features of the possible quadrupolar glass state in ortho-deuterium\nand para-hydrogen under high pressure are predicted and considered in\nreplica-symmetric approximation in analogy with glassy behavior of diluted\northo-hydrogen at low pressures. The quadrupolar model with J = 2 is suggested.\nThe orientational order and glass regime grow continuously on cooling just as\nit is in the case of ortho-para hydrogen mixtures at zero pressure.",
        "positive": "Convergence of the critical attractor of dissipative maps: Log-periodic\n  oscillations, fractality and nonextensivity: For a family of logistic-like maps, we investigate the rate of convergence to\nthe critical attractor when an ensemble of initial conditions is uniformly\nspread over the entire phase space. We found that the phase space volume\noccupied by the ensemble W(t) depicts a power-law decay with log-periodic\noscillations reflecting the multifractal character of the critical attractor.\nWe explore the parametric dependence of the power-law exponent and the\namplitude of the log-periodic oscillations with the attractor's fractal\ndimension governed by the inflexion of the map near its extremal point.\nFurther, we investigate the temporal evolution of W(t) for the circle map whose\ncritical attractor is dense. In this case, we found W(t) to exhibit a rich\npattern with a slow logarithmic decay of the lower bounds. These results are\ndiscussed in the context of nonextensive Tsallis entropies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Breakdown of Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory for certain quantum phase\n  transitions: The quantum ferromagnetic transition of itinerant electrons is considered. It\nis shown that the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory described by Hertz and others\nbreaks down due to a singular coupling between fluctuations of the conserved\norder parameter. This coupling induces an effective long-range interaction\nbetween the spins of the form 1/r^{2d-1}. It leads to unusual scaling behavior\nat the quantum critical point in $1<d\\leq 3$ dimensions, which is determined\nexactly.",
        "positive": "Solution of a model of self-avoiding walks with multiple monomers per\n  site on the Bethe lattice: We solve a model of self-avoiding walks with up to two monomers per site on\nthe Bethe lattice. This model, inspired on the Domb-Joyce model, was recently\nproposed to describe the collapse transition observed in interacting polymers\n[J. Krawczyk et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 240603 (2006)]. When immediate\nself-reversals are allowed (RA model), the solution displays a phase diagram\nwith a polymerized phase and a non-polymerized phase, separated by a phase\ntransition which is of first order for a non-vanishing statistical weight of\ndoubly occupied sites. If the configurations are restricted forbidding\nimmediate self-reversals (RF model), a richer phase diagram is found,\ndisplaying a tricritical point and a critical endpoint."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometric effects in non-equilibrium electron transfer statistics in\n  adiabatically driven quantum junctions: Cyclic Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) and adiabatic noncyclic geometric (ANG)\neffects are investigated in a single electron orbital system connected to two\nmetal contacts with externally driven chemical potential and/or\ntemperatures.The PB contribution does not affect the density matrix evolution,\nbut has quantitative effect on the statistics (fluctuations) of electron\ntransfer. The ANG contribution, on the other hand, affects the net flux across\nthe junction. Unlike the PB, the ANG contribution is non-zero when two\nparameters are identically driven. Closed analytical expressions are derived\nfor the ANG contribution to the flux, and the PB contribution to the first two\nleading order fluctuations. Fluctuations can be modified by manipulating the\nrelative phases of the drivings. Interestingly, we find that the fluctuations\nof the pumped charge do not satisfy the steady state fluctuation theorem in\npresence of nonzero geometric contribution, but can be recovered for a\nvanishing geometric contribution even in presence of the external driving.",
        "positive": "Occupation numbers in a quantum canonical ensemble: a projection\n  operator approach: Recently, we have used a projection operator to fix the number of particles\nin a second quantization approach in order to deal with the canonical ensemble.\nHaving been applied earlier to handle various problems in nuclear physics that\ninvolve fixed particle numbers, the projector formalism was extended to grant\naccess as well to quantum-statistical averages in condensed matter physics,\nsuch as particle densities and correlation functions. In this light, the\noccupation numbers of the subsequent single-particle energy eigenstates are key\nquantities to be examined. The goal of this paper is 1) to provide a sound\nextension of the projector formalism directly addressing the occupation numbers\nas well as the chemical potential, and 2) to demonstrate how the emerging\nproblems related to numerical instability for fermions can be resolved to\nobtain the canonical statistical quantities for both fermions and bosons."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-passage times in complex scale-invariant media: How long does it take a random walker to reach a given target point? This\nquantity, known as a first passage time (FPT), has led to a growing number of\ntheoretical investigations over the last decade1. The importance of FPTs\noriginates from the crucial role played by first encounter properties in\nvarious real situations, including transport in disordered media, neuron firing\ndynamics, spreading of diseases or target search processes. Most methods to\ndetermine the FPT properties in confining domains have been limited to\neffective 1D geometries, or for space dimensions larger than one only to\nhomogeneous media1. Here we propose a general theory which allows one to\naccurately evaluate the mean FPT (MFPT) in complex media. Remarkably, this\nanalytical approach provides a universal scaling dependence of the MFPT on both\nthe volume of the confining domain and the source-target distance. This\nanalysis is applicable to a broad range of stochastic processes characterized\nby length scale invariant properties. Our theoretical predictions are confirmed\nby numerical simulations for several emblematic models of disordered media,\nfractals, anomalous diffusion and scale free networks.",
        "positive": "Anomalous diffusion for active Brownian particles cross-linked to a\n  networked polymer: Langevin dynamics simulation and theory: Quantitatively understanding of the dynamics of an active Brownian particle\n(ABP) interacting with a viscoelastic polymer environment is a scientific\nchallenge. It is intimately related to several interdisciplinary topics such as\nthe microrheology of active colloids in a polymer matrix and the athermal\ndynamics of the in vivo chromosome or cytoskeletal networks. Based on Langevin\ndynamics simulation and analytic theory, here we explore such a viscoelastic\nactive system in depth using a star polymer of functionality $f$ with the\ncenter cross-linker particle being ABP. We observe that the ABP cross-linker,\ndespite its self-propelled movement, attains an active subdiffusion with the\nscaling $\\langle\\Delta \\mathbf{R}^2(t)\\rangle\\sim t^\\alpha$ with $\\alpha\\leq\n1/2$, through the viscoelastic feedback from the polymer. Counter-intuitively,\nthe apparent anomaly exponent $\\alpha$ becomes smaller as the ABP is driven by\na larger propulsion velocity, but is independent of the functionality $f$ or\nthe boundary conditions of the polymer. We set forth an exact theory, and show\nthat the motion of the active cross-linker is a gaussian non-Markovian process\ncharacterized by two distinct power-law displacement correlations. At a\nmoderate P{\\'e}clet number, it seemingly behaves as fractional Brownian motion\nwith a Hurst exponent $H=\\alpha/2$, whereas, at a high P{\\'e}clet number, the\nself-propelled noise in the polymer environment leads to a logarithmic growth\nof the mean squared displacement ($\\sim \\ln t$) and a velocity autocorrelation\ndecaying as $-t^{-2}$. We demonstrate that the anomalous diffusion of the\nactive cross-linker is precisely described by a fractional Langevin equation\nwith two distinct random noises."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transition of compartmentalized surface models: Two types of surface models have been investigated by Monte Carlo simulations\non triangulated spheres with compartmentalized domains. Both models are found\nto undergo a first-order collapsing transition and a first-order surface\nfluctuation transition. The first model is a fluid surface one. The vertices\ncan freely diffuse only inside the compartments, and they are prohibited from\nthe free diffusion over the surface due to the domain boundaries. The second is\na skeleton model. The surface shape of the skeleton model is maintained only by\nthe domain boundaries, which are linear chains with rigid junctions. Therefore,\nwe can conclude that the first-order transitions occur independent of whether\nthe shape of surface is mechanically maintained by the skeleton (= the domain\nboundary) or by the surface itself.",
        "positive": "Effective potentials for Folding Proteins: A coarse-grained off-lattice model that is not biased in any way to the\nnative state is proposed to fold proteins. To predict the native structure in a\nreasonable time, the model has included the essential effects of water in an\neffective potential. Two new ingredients, the dipole-dipole interaction and the\nlocal hydrophobic interaction, are introduced and are shown to be as crucial as\nthe hydrogen bonding. The model allows successful folding of the wild-type\nsequence of protein G and may have provided important hints to the study of\nprotein folding."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Counting statistics of energy transport across squeezed thermal\n  reservoirs: A general formalism for computing the full counting statistics of energy\nexchanged between 'N' squeezed thermal photon reservoirs weakly coupled to a\ncavity with 'M' photon modes is presented. The formalism is based on the\ntwo-point measurement scheme and is applied to two simple special cases, the\nrelaxation dynamics of a single mode cavity in contact with a single squeezed\nthermal photon reservoir and the steady-state energy transport between two\nsqueezed thermal photon reservoirs coupled to a single cavity mode. Using\nanalytical results, it is found that the short time statistics is significantly\naffected by noncommutivity of the initial energy measurements with the\nreservoirs squeezed states, and may lead to negative probabilities if not\naccounted properly. Furthermore, it is found that for the single reservoir\nsetup, generically there is no transient or steady-state fluctuation theorems\nfor energy transport. In contrast, for the two reservoir case, although there\nis no generic transient fluctuation theorem, steady-state fluctuation theorem\nwith a non-universal affinity is found to be valid. Statistics of energy\ncurrents are further discussed.",
        "positive": "The Two-Dimensional Bose-Einstein Condensate: We study the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov mean-field theory as applied to a\ntwo-dimensional finite trapped Bose gas at low temperatures and find that, in\nthe Hartree-Fock approximation, the system can be described either with or\nwithout the presence of a condensate; this is true in the thermodynamic limit\nas well. Of the two solutions, the one that includes a condensate has a lower\nfree energy at all temperatures. However, the Hartree-Fock scheme neglects the\npresence of phonons within the system, and when we allow for the possibility of\nphonons we are unable to find condensed solutions; the uncondensed solutions,\non the other hand, are valid also in the latter, more general scheme. Our\nresults confirm that low-energy phonons destabilize the two-dimensional\ncondensate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Barkhausen noise from precessional domain wall motion: The jerky dynamics of domain walls driven by applied magnetic fields in\ndisordered ferromagnets -- the Barkhausen effect -- is a paradigmatic example\nof crackling noise. We study Barkhausen noise in disordered Pt/Co/Pt thin films\ndue to precessional motion of domain walls using full micromagnetic\nsimulations, allowing for a detailed description of the domain wall internal\nstructure. In this regime the domain walls contain topological defects known as\nBloch lines which repeatedly nucleate, propagate and annihilate within the\ndomain wall during the Barkhausen jumps. In addition to bursts of domain wall\npropagation, the in-plane Bloch line dynamics within the domain wall exhibits\ncrackling noise, and constitutes the majority of the overall spin rotation\nactivity.",
        "positive": "Quantum phase transition in a disordered long-range transverse Ising\n  antiferromagnet: We consider a long-range Ising antiferromagnet put in a transverse field\n(LRTIAF) with disorder. We have obtained the phase diagrams for both the\nclassical and quantum case. For the pure case applying quantum Monte Carlo\nmethod, we study the variation of order parameter (spin correlation in the\nTrotter direction), susceptibility and average energy of the system for various\nvalues of the transverse field at different temperatures. The antiferromagnetic\norder is seen to get immediately broken as soon as the thermal or quantum\nfluctuations are added. We discuss generally the phase diagram for the same\nLRTIAF model with perturbative Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) type disorder. We\nfind that while the antiferromagnetic order is immediately broken as one adds\nan infinitesimal transverse field or thermal fluctuation to the pure LRTIAF\nsystem, an infinitesimal SK spin glass disorder is enough to induce a stable\nglass order in the LRTIAF. This glass order eventually gets destroyed as the\nthermal or quantum fluctuations are increased beyond their threshold values and\nthe transition to para phase occurs. Analytical studies for the phase\ntransitions are discussed in detail in each case. These transitions have been\nconfirmed by applying classical and quantum Monte Carlo methods. We show here\nthat the disordered LRTIAF has a surrogate incubation property of the SK spin\nglass phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Bounds on Equity: We derive the most probable distribution of resources for a simple society.\nWe find that a probabilistic analysis forbids both too much and too less\nequity, and selects instead a minimally ordered state. We give the detailed\ncalculations for a special model where the population and resources are fixed,\nand resources are owned only by individuals. We show that in general the equity\nis greater whenever the volume of the indifference manifold grows faster as a\nfunction of individual rent.",
        "positive": "Records in stochastic processes -- Theory and applications: In recent years there has been a surge of interest in the statistics of\nrecord-breaking events in stochastic processes. Along with that, many new and\ninteresting applications of the theory of records were discovered and explored.\nThe record statistics of uncorrelated random variables sampled from\ntime-dependent distributions was studied extensively. The findings were applied\nin various areas to model and explain record-breaking events in observational\ndata. Particularly interesting and fruitful was the study of record-breaking\ntemperatures and their connection with global warming, but also records in\nsports, biology and some areas in physics were considered in the last years.\nSimilarly, researchers have recently started to understand the record\nstatistics of correlated processes such as random walks, which can be helpful\nto model record events in financial time series. This review is an attempt to\nsummarize and evaluate the progress that was made in the field of record\nstatistics throughout the last years."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetics of rare events for non-Markovian stationary processes and\n  application to polymer dynamics: How much time does it take for a fluctuating system, such as a polymer chain,\nto reach a target configuration that is rarely visited -- typically because of\na high energy cost ? This question generally amounts to the determination of\nthe first-passage time statistics to a target zone in phase space with lower\noccupation probability. Here, we present an analytical method to determine the\nmean first-passage time of a generic non-Markovian random walker to a rarely\nvisited threshold, which goes beyond existing weak-noise theories. We apply our\nmethod to polymer systems, to determine (i) the first time for a flexible\npolymer to reach a large extension, and (ii) the first closure time of a stiff\ninextensible wormlike chain. Our results are in excellent agreement with\nnumerical simulations and provide explicit asymptotic laws for the mean\nfirst-passage times to rarely visited configurations.",
        "positive": "Evaporatively driven morphological instability: Simple observations of evaporating solutions reveal a complex hierarchy of\nspatio-temporal instabilities. We analyze one such instability suggested by the\nqualitative observations of Du and Stone and find that it is driven by a novel\nvariant of the classical {\\em morphological instability} in alloy\nsolidification. In the latter case a moving solid-liquid interface is\naccompanied by a solutally enriched boundary layer that is thermodynamically\nmetastable due to {\\em constitutional supercooling}. Here, we consider the\nevaporation of an impure film adjacent to a solid composed of the nonvolatile\nspecies. In this case, constitutional supercooling within the film is created\nby evaporation at the solution-vapor interface and this drives the corrugation\nof the solid--solution interface across the thickness of the film. The\nprincipal points of this simple theoretical study are to suggest an instability\nmechanism that is likely operative across a broad range of technological and\nnatural systems and to focus future quantitative experimental searches."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Game Theory: A systematic theory is introduced that describes stochastic effects in game\ntheory. In a biological context, such effects are relevant for the evolution of\nfinite populations with frequency-dependent selection. They are characterized\nby quantum Nash equilibria, a generalization of the well-known Nash equilibrium\npoints in classical game theory. The implications of this theory for biological\nsystems are discussed in detail.",
        "positive": "Short-time scaling behavior of growing interfaces: The short-time evolution of a growing interface is studied analytically and\nnumerically for the Kadar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class. The scaling\nbehavior of response and correlation functions is reminiscent of the ``initial\nslip'' behavior found in purely dissipative critical relaxation (model A).\nUnlike model A the initial slip exponent for the KPZ equation can be expressed\nby the dynamical exponent z. In 2+1 dimensions z is estimated from the\nshort-time evolution of the correlation function for ballistic deposition and\nfor the RSOS model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adsorption of Light Gases in Covalent Organic Frameworks: Comparison of\n  Classical Density Functional Theory and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo\n  Simulations: A classical density functional theory (cDFT) based on the PC-SAFT equation of\nstate is proposed for the calculation of adsorption equilibria of pure\nsubstances and their mixtures in covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Adsorption\nisotherms of methane, ethane, n-butane and nitrogen in the COFs TpPa-1 and\n2,3-DhaTph are calculated and compared to results from grand canonical Monte\nCarlo (GCMC) simulations. Mixture adsorption is investigated for the\nmethane/ethane and methane/n-butane binary systems. Excellent agreement between\nPC-SAFT DFT and GCMC is obtained for all adsorption isotherms up to pressures\nof 50 bar. The cDFT formalism accurately predicts the selective accumulation of\nlonger hydrocarbons for binary mixtures in the considered COFs. This\napplication shows substantial predictive power of PC-SAFT DFT solved in\nthree-dimensional geometries and the results suggest the method can in the\nfuture also be applied for efficient optimization of force field parameters or\nof structural properties of the porous material based on an analytical theory\nas opposed to a stochastic simulation.",
        "positive": "Physics of free climbing: Theory of stochastic processes provides theoretical tools which can be\nefficiently used to explore properties of noise induced escape kinetics. Since\nnoise facilitated escape over the potential barrier resembles free climbing,\none can use the first passage time theory in analysis of rock climbing. We\nperform the analysis of the mean first passage time in order to answer the\nquestion regarding the optimal, i.e., resulting in the fastest climbing, rope\nlength. It is demonstrated that there is a discrete set of favorable rope\nlengths assuring shortest climbing times, as they correspond to local minima of\nmean first passage time. Within the set of favorable rope lengths there is the\noptimal rope giving rise to the shortest climbing time. In particular, more\nexperienced climbers can decrease their climbing time by using longer ropes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Matrix product solution to a 2-species TASEP with open integrable\n  boundaries: We present an explicit representation for the matrix product ansatz for some\ntwo-species TASEP with open boundary conditions. The construction relies on the\nintegrability of the models, a property that constrains the possible rates at\nthe boundaries. The realisation is built on a tensor product of copies of the\nDEHP algebras. Using this explicit construction, we are able to calculate the\npartition function of the models. The densities and currents in the stationary\nstate are also computed. It leads to the phase diagram of the models. Depending\non the values of the boundary rates, we obtain for each species shock waves,\nmaximal current, or low/high densities phases.",
        "positive": "Second law for active heat engines: Macroscopic cyclic heat engines have been a major motivation for the\nemergence of thermodynamics. In the last decade, cyclic heat engines that have\nlarge fluctuations and operate at finite time were studied within the more\nmodern framework of stochastic thermodynamics. The second law for such heat\nengines states that the efficiency cannot be larger than the Carnot efficiency.\nThe concept of cyclic active heat engines for a system in the presence of\nhidden dissipative degrees of freedom, also known as a nonequilibrium or active\nreservoir, has also been studied in theory and experiment. Such active engines\nshow rather interesting behavior such as an ``efficiency'' larger than the\nCarnot bound. They are also likely to play an important role in future\ndevelopments, given the ubiquitous presence of active media. However, a general\nsecond law for cyclic active heat engines has been lacking so far. Here, upon\nusing a known inequality in stochastic stochastic thermodynamics for the excess\nentropy, we obtain a general second law for active heat engines, which does not\ninvolve the energy dissipation of the hidden degrees of freedom and is\nexpressed in terms of quantities that can be measured directly from the\nobservable degrees of freedom. Besides heat and work, our second law contains\nan information-theoretic term, which allows an active heat engine to extract\nwork beyond the limits valid for a passive heat engine. To obtain a second law\nexpressed in terms of observable variables in the presence of hidden degrees of\nfreedom we introduce a coarse-grained excess entropy and prove a fluctuation\ntheorem for this quantity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Eulerian and Lagrangian pictures of non-equilibrium diffusions: We show that a non-equilibrium diffusive dynamics in a finite-dimensional\nspace takes in the Lagrangian frame of its mean local velocity an equilibrium\nform with the detailed balance property. This explains the equilibrium nature\nof the fluctuation-dissipation relations in that frame observed previously. The\ngeneral considerations are illustrated on few examples of stochastic particle\ndynamics.",
        "positive": "Non-Markovian process with variable memory functions: We present a treatment of non-Markovian character of memory by incorporating\ndifferent forms of Mittag-Leffler (ML) function, which generally arises in the\nsolution of fractional master equation, as different memory functions in the\nGeneralized Kolmogorov-Feller Equation (GKFE). The cross-over from the short\ntime (stretched exponential) to long time (inverse power law) approximations of\nthe ML function incorporated in the GKFE is proven. We have found that the GKFE\nsolutions are the same for negative exponential and for upto frst order\nexpansion of stretched exponential function for very small $\\tau \\rightarrow\n0$. A generalized integro-differential equation form of the GKFE along with an\nasymptotic case is provided."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tensor product variational formulation applied to pentagonal lattice: The uniform two-dimensional variational tensor product state is applied to\nthe transverse-field Ising, XY, and Heisenberg models on a regular hyperbolic\nlattice surface. The lattice is constructed by tessellation of the congruent\npentagons with the fixed coordination number being four. As a benchmark, the\nthree models are studied on the flat square lattice simultaneously. The\nmean-field-like universality of the Ising phase transition is observed in full\nagreement with its classical counterpart on the hyperbolic lattice. The tensor\nproduct ground state in the thermodynamic limit has an exceptional\nthree-parameter solution. The variational ground-state energies of the spin\nmodels are calculated.",
        "positive": "Partial phase transition and quantum effects in helimagnetic films under\n  an applied magnetic field: We study the phase transition in a helimagnetic film with Heisenberg spins\nunder an applied magnetic field in the c direction perpendicular to the film.\nThe helical structure is due to the an-tiferromagnetic interaction between\nnext-nearest neighbors in the c direction. Helimagnetic films in zero field are\nknown to have a strong modification of the in-plane helical angle near the film\nsurfaces. We show that spins react to a moderate applied magnetic field by\ncreating a particular spin configuration along the c axis. With increasing\ntemperature (T), using Monte Carlo simulations we show that the system\nundergoes a phase transition triggered by the destruction of the ordering of a\nnumber of layers. This partial phase transition is shown to be intimately\nrelated to the ground-state spin structure. We show why some layers undergo a\nphase transition while others do not. The Green's function method for non\ncollinear magnets is also carried out to investigate effects of quantum\nfluctuations. Non-uniform zero-point spin contractions and a crossover of layer\nmagnetizations at low T are shown and discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimizing Brownian heat engine with shortcut strategy: Shortcuts to isothermality provide a powerful method to speed up quasistatic\nthermodynamic processes within finite-time manipulation. We employ the shortcut\nstrategy to design and optimize Brownian heat engines, and formulate a\ngeometric description of the energetics with the thermodynamic length. We\nobtain a tight and reachable bound of the output power, which is reached by the\noptimal protocol to vary the control parameters with a proper constant velocity\nof the thermodynamic length. Our results generalize the previous optimization\nin the highly underdamped and the overdamped regimes to the general-damped\nsituation, and are applicable for arbitrary finite-time cycles.",
        "positive": "A Dilute Ising Ferromagnet on a Hierarchical Lattice with Attractive\n  Biquadratic Interactions: This paper considers a dilute Ising ferromangnet with annealed vacancies and\nattractive biquadratic interactions. Phase diagrams have been calculated while\nvarying the temperature and concentration of annealed vacancies in the system\nwhile maintaining constant, attractive biquadratic couplings. These results\nhave been produced using renormalization group analysis with a hierarchical\nlattice. Critical exponents have been calculated and each basin of attraction\ninterpreted."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The N-component Ginzburg-Landau Hamiltonian with cubic anisotropy: a\n  six-loop study: We consider the Ginzburg-Landau Hamiltonian with a cubic-symmetric quartic\ninteraction and compute the renormalization-group functions to six-loop order\nin d=3. We analyze the stability of the fixed points using a Borel\ntransformation and a conformal mapping that takes into account the\nsingularities of the Borel transform. We find that the cubic fixed point is\nstable for N>N_c, N_c = 2.89(4). Therefore, the critical properties of cubic\nferromagnets are not described by the Heisenberg isotropic Hamiltonian, but\ninstead by the cubic model at the cubic fixed point. For N=3, the critical\nexponents at the cubic and symmetric fixed points differ very little (less than\nthe precision of our results, which is $\\lesssim 1%$ in the case of $\\gamma$\nand $\\nu$). Moreover, the irrelevant interaction bringing from the symmetric to\nthe cubic fixed point gives rise to slowly-decaying scaling corrections with\nexponent $\\omega_2=0.010(4)$. For N=2, the isotropic fixed point is stable and\nthe cubic interaction induces scaling corrections with exponent $\\omega_2 =\n0.103(8)$. These conclusions are confirmed by a similar analysis of the\nfive-loop $\\epsilon$-expansion. A constrained analysis which takes into account\nthat $N_c = 2$ in two dimensions gives $N_c = 2.87(5)$.",
        "positive": "Ergodic property of random diffusivity system with trapping events: Brownian yet non-Gaussian phenomenon has recently been observed in many\nbiological and active matter systems. The main idea of explaining this\nphenomenon is to introduce a random diffusivity for particles moving in\ninhomogeneous environment. This paper considers a Langevin system containing a\nrandom diffusivity and an $\\alpha$-stable subordinator with $\\alpha<1$. This\nmodel describes the particle's motion in complex media where both the long\ntrapping events and random diffusivity exist. We derive the general expressions\nof ensemble- and time-averaged mean-squared displacements which only contain\nthe values of the inverse subordinator and diffusivity. Further taking specific\ntime-dependent diffusivity, we obtain the analytic expressions of ergodicity\nbreaking parameter and probability density function of the time-averaged\nmean-squared displacement. The results imply the nonergodicity of the random\ndiffusivity model for any kind of diffusivity, including the critical case\nwhere the model presenting normal diffusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral Crossovers and Universality in Quantum Spin-chains Coupled to\n  Random Fields: We study the spectral properties of and spectral-crossovers between different\nrandom matrix ensembles (Poissonian, GOE, GUE) in correlated spin-chain\nsystems, in the presence of random magnetic fields, and the scalar\nspin-chirality term, competing with the usual isotropic and time-reversal\ninvariant Heisenberg term. We have investigated these crossovers in the context\nof the level-spacing distribution and the level-spacing ratio distribution. We\nuse random matrix theory (RMT) analytical results to fit the observed\nPoissonian-to-GOE and GOE-to-GUE crossovers, and examine the relationship\nbetween the RMT crossover parameter {\\lambda} and scaled physical parameters of\nthe spin-chain systems in terms of a scaling exponent. We find that the\ncrossover behavior exhibits universality, in the sense that it becomes\nindependent of lattice size in the large Hamiltonian matrix dimension limit.",
        "positive": "Conserving Gapless Mean-Field Theory for Weakly Interacting Bose Gases: This paper presents a conserving gapless mean-field theory for weakly\ninteracting Bose gases. We first construct a mean-field Luttinger-Ward\nthermodynamic functional in terms of the condensate wave function $\\Psi$ and\nthe Nambu Green's function $\\hat{G}$ for the quasiparticle field. Imposing its\nstationarity respect to $\\Psi$ and $\\hat{G}$ yields a set of equations to\ndetermine the equilibrium for general non-uniform systems. They have a\nplausible property of satisfying the Hugenholtz-Pines theorem to provide a\ngapless excitation spectrum. Also, the corresponding dynamical equations of\nmotion obey various conservation laws. Thus, the present mean-field theory\nshares two important properties with the exact theory: ``conserving'' and\n``gapless.'' The theory is then applied to a homogeneous weakly interacting\nBose gas with s-wave scattering length $a$ and particle mass $m$ to clarify its\nbasic thermodynamic properties under two complementary conditions of constant\ndensity $n$ and constant pressure $p$. The superfluid transition is predicted\nto be first-order because of the non-analytic nature of the order-parameter\nexpansion near $T_{c}$ inherent in Bose systems, i.e., the Landau-Ginzburg\nexpansion is not possible here. The transition temperature $T_{c}$ shows quite\na different interaction dependence between the $n$-fixed and $p$-fixed cases.\nIn the former case $T_{c}$ increases from the ideal gas value $T_{0}$ as\n$T_{c}/T_{0}= 1+ 2.33 an^{1/3}$, whereas it decreases in the latter as\n$T_{c}/T_{0}= 1- 3.84a(mp/2\\pi\\hbar^{2})^{1/5}$. Temperature dependences of\nbasic thermodynamic quantities are clarified explicitly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discretization-related issues in the KPZ equation: Consistency,\n  Galilean-invariance violation, and fluctuation--dissipation relation: In order to perform numerical simulations of the KPZ equation, in any\ndimensionality, a spatial discretization scheme must be prescribed. The known\nfact that the KPZ equation can be obtained as a result of a Hopf--Cole\ntransformation applied to a diffusion equation (with \\emph{multiplicative}\nnoise) is shown here to strongly restrict the arbitrariness in the choice of\nspatial discretization schemes. On one hand, the discretization prescriptions\nfor the Laplacian and the nonlinear (KPZ) term cannot be independently chosen.\nOn the other hand, since the discretization is an operation performed on\n\\emph{space} and the Hopf--Cole transformation is \\emph{local} both in space\nand time, the former should be the same regardless of the field to which it is\napplied. It is shown that whereas some discretization schemes pass both\nconsistency tests, known examples in the literature do not. The requirement of\nconsistency for the discretization of Lyapunov functionals is argued to be a\nnatural and safe starting point in choosing spatial discretization schemes. We\nalso analyze the relation between real-space and pseudo-spectral discrete\nrepresentations. In addition we discuss the relevance of the Galilean\ninvariance violation in these consistent discretization schemes, and the\nalleged conflict of standard discretization with the fluctuation--dissipation\ntheorem, peculiar of 1D.",
        "positive": "The treatment of zero eigenvalues of the matrix governing the equations\n  of motion in many-body Green's function theory: The spectral theorem of many-body Green's function theory relates\nthermodynamic correlations to Green's functions. More often than not, the\nmatrix governing the equations of motion has zero eigenvalues. In this case,\nthe standard text-book approach requires both commutator and anti-commutator\nGreen's functions to obtain equations for that part of the correlation which\ndoes not lie in the null space of the matrix. In this paper, we show that this\nprocedure fails if the projector onto the null space is dependent on the\nmomentum vector. We propose an alternative formulation of the theory in terms\nof the non-null space alone and we show that a solution is possible if one can\nfind a momentum-independent projector onto some subspace of the non-null space.\nTo do this, we enlist the aid of the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the\nequation of motion matrix in order to project out the null space, thus reducing\nthe size of the matrix and eliminating the need for the anti-commutator Green's\nfunction. We extend our previous work, dealing with a ferromagnetic Heisenberg\nmonolayer and a momentum-independent projector onto the null space, where both\nmultilayer films and a momentum-dependent projector are considered. We develop\nthe numerical methods capable of handling these cases and offer a computational\nalgorithmus that should be applicable to any similar problem arising in Green's\nfunction theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Morphological transition between diffusion-limited and ballistic\n  aggregation growth patterns: In this work, the transition between diffusion-limited and ballistic\naggregation models was revisited using a model in which biased random walks\nsimulate the particle trajectories. The bias is controlled by a parameter\n$\\lambda$, which assumes the value $\\lambda=0$ (1) for ballistic\n(diffusion-limited) aggregation model. Patterns growing from a single seed were\nconsidered. In order to simulate large clusters, a new efficient algorithm was\ndeveloped. For $\\lambda \\ne 0$, the patterns are fractal on the small length\nscales, but homogeneous on the large ones. We evaluated the mean density of\nparticles $\\bar{\\rho}$ in the region defined by a circle of radius $r$ centered\nat the initial seed. As a function of $r$, $\\bar{\\rho}$ reaches the asymptotic\nvalue $\\rho_0(\\lambda)$ following a power law $\\bar{\\rho}=\\rho_0+Ar^{-\\gamma}$\nwith a universal exponent $\\gamma=0.46(2)$, independent of $\\lambda$. The\nasymptotic value has the behavior $\\rho_0\\sim|1-\\lambda|^\\beta$, where $\\beta=\n0.26(1)$. The characteristic crossover length that determines the transition\nfrom DLA- to BA-like scaling regimes is given by $\\xi\\sim|1-\\lambda|^{-\\nu}$,\nwhere $\\nu=0.61(1)$, while the cluster mass at the crossover follows a power\nlaw $M_\\xi\\sim|1 -\\lambda|^{-\\alpha}$, where $\\alpha=0.97(2)$. We deduce the\nscaling relations $\\beta=\\n u\\gamma$ and $\\beta=2\\nu-\\alpha$ between these\nexponents.",
        "positive": "Generalized Ensemble and Tempering Simulations: A Unified View: From the underlying Master equations we derive one-dimensional stochastic\nprocesses that describe generalized ensemble simulations as well as tempering\n(simulated and parallel) simulations. The representations obtained are either\nin the form of a one-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation or a hopping process on\na one-dimensional chain. In particular, we discuss the conditions under which\nthese representations are valid approximate Markovian descriptions of the\nrandom walk in order parameter or control parameter space. They allow a unified\ndiscussion of the stationary distribution on, as well as of the stationary flow\nacross each space. We demonstrate that optimizing the flow is equivalent to\nminimizing the first passage time for crossing the space, and discuss the\nconsequences of our results for optimizing simulations. Finally, we point out\nthe limitations of these representations under conditions of broken ergodicity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Precursors of catastrophe in the BTW, Manna and random fiber bundle\n  models of failure: We have studied precursors of the global failure in some self-organised\ncritical models of sand-pile (in BTW and Manna models) and in the random fiber\nbundle model (RFB). In both BTW and Manna model, as one adds a small but fixed\nnumber of sand grains (heights) to any central site of the stable pile, the\nlocal dynamics starts and continues for an average relaxation time (\\tau) and\nan average number of topplings (\\Delta) spread over a radial distance (\\xi). We\nfind that these quantities all depend on the average height (h_{av}) of the\npile and they all diverge as (h_{av}) approaches the critical height (h_{c})\nfrom below: (\\Delta) (\\sim (h_{c}-h_{av}))(^{-\\delta}), (\\tau \\sim\n(h_{c}-h_{av})^{-\\gamma}) and (\\xi) (\\sim) ((h_{c}-h_{av})^{-\\nu}). Numerically\nwe find (\\delta \\simeq 2.0), (\\gamma \\simeq 1.2) and (\\nu \\simeq 1.0) for both\nBTW and Manna model in two dimensions. In the strained RFB model we find that\nthe breakdown susceptibility (\\chi) (giving the differential increment of the\nnumber of broken fibers due to increase in external load) and the relaxation\ntime (\\tau), both diverge as the applied load or stress (\\sigma) approaches the\nnetwork failure threshold (\\sigma_{c}) from below: (\\chi) (\\sim) ((\\sigma_{c})\n(-)(\\sigma)^{-1/2}) and (\\tau) (\\sim) ((\\sigma_{c}) (-)(\\sigma)^{-1/2}). These\nself-organised dynamical models of failure therefore show some definite\nprecursors with robust power laws long before the failure point. Such\nwell-characterised precursors should help predicting the global failure point\nof the systems in advance.",
        "positive": "Hopf Bifurcation within Thermodynamic Representation: On base of Hamiltonian formalism, we show that Hopf bifurcation arrives, in\nthe course of the system evolution, at creation of revolving region of the\nphase plane being bounded by limit cycle. A revolving phase plane with a set of\nlimit cycles is presented in analogy with revolving vessel containing\nsuperfluid He$^4$. Within such a representation, fast varying angle is shown to\nbe reduced to phase of complex order parameter whose module squared plays a\nrole of action. Respectively, vector potential of conjugate field is reduced to\nrelative velocity of movement of the limit cycle interior with respect to its\nexterior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Study of the Nonequilibrium Critical Quenching and Annealing Dynamics\n  for the Long-Range Ising Model: Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are employed in order to study the dynamic\ncritical behavior of the one-dimensional Ising magnet, with algebraically\ndecaying long-range interactions of the form $\\frac{1}{r^{d+\\sigma}}$, with\n$\\sigma=0.75$. The critical temperature, as well as the critical exponents, is\nevaluated from the power-law behavior of suitable physical observables when the\nsystem is quenched from uncorrelated states, corresponding to infinite\ntemperature, to the critical point. These results are compared with those\nobtained from the dynamic evolution of the system when it is suddenly annealed\nat the critical point from the ordered state. Also, the critical temperature in\nthe infinite interaction limit is obtained by means of a finite-range scaling\nanalysis of data measured with different cutoffs of the interaction range. All\nthe estimated static critical exponents ($\\gamma /\\nu $, $\\beta /\\nu $, and\n$1/\\nu $) are in good agreement with Renormalization Group (RG) predictions and\npreviously reported numerical data obtained under equilibrium conditions. It is\nfound that the dynamic exponent $z$ is different for quenching and annealing\nexperiments, most likely due to the influence of the Kosterlitz-Thouless\ntransition occurring at relatively similar algebraic decay of the interactions\nwith $\\sigma =1$. However, for annealing experiments the measured exponent $z$\nis close to the RG predictions. On the other hand, the relevant exponents of\nthe dynamic behavior ($z$ and $\\theta$) are slightly different than the RG\npredictions, most likely due to the fact that they may depend on the especific\ndynamics used (Metropolis in the present paper).",
        "positive": "On relation between renormalized frequency and heat capacity for\n  particles in an anharmonic potential: For free particles in a simple harmonic potential plus a weak anharmonicity,\ncharacterized by a set of anharmonic parameters, Newtonian mechanics asserts\nthat there is a renormalization of the natural frequency of the periodic\nmotion; and statistical mechanics claims that the anharmonicity causes a\ncorrection to the heat capacity of an ideal gas in the anharmonic potential.\nThe orbital motion and thermal motion depend on the same anharmonic parameters,\nbut in different combinations. These two manners of combinations are\nfundamentally different, demonstrating that statistical law can not emerge from\nthe many-body limit of deterministic law for one-body."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "State equation for the three-dimentional system of \"collapsing\" hard\n  spheres: By Wertheim method the exact solution of the Percus-Yevick integral equation\nfor a system of particles with the \"repulsive step potential\",interacting\n(\"collapsing\" hard spheres) is obtained. On the basis of this solution the\nstate equation for the \"repulsive step potential\" is built and determined, that\nthe Percus-Yevick equation does not show the Van der Waalse loop for\n\"collapsing\" hard spheres.",
        "positive": "Multifractal Measures Characterized by the Iterative Map with Two\n  Control Parameters: A one - dimensional iterative map with two control parameters, i.e. the Kim -\nKong map, is proposed. Our purpose is to investigate the characteristic\nproperties of this map, and to discuss numerically the multifractal behavior of\nthe normalized first passage time. Especially, based on the Monte Carlo\nsimulation, the normalized first passage time to arrive at the absorbing\nbarrier after starting from an arbitrary site is mainly obtained in the\npresence of both absorption and reflection on a two - dimensional Sierpinski\ngasket. We also discuss the multifractal spectra of the normalized first\npassage time, and the numerical result of the Kim - Kong model presented will\nbe compared with that of the Sinai and logistic models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-Consistent Scaling Theory for Logarithmic Correction Exponents: Multiplicative logarithmic corrections frequently characterize critical\nbehaviour in statistical physics. Here, a recently proposed theory relating the\nexponents of such terms is extended to account for circumstances which often\noccur when the leading specific-heat critical exponent vanishes. Also, the\ntheory is widened to encompass the correlation function. The new relations are\nthen confronted with results from the literature and some new predictions for\nlogarithmic corrections in certain models are made.",
        "positive": "From the Boltzmann equation with non-local correlations to a standard\n  non-linear Fokker-Planck equation: In this work, we study the formal connections between the non-linear\nFokker-Planck Equation associated with the non-additive entropy and the\nBoltzmann Equation with the non-additive correlation functional. The\ncollisional term following the $q$-algebra is adopted. In the derivation of the\nnon-additive Fokker-Planck Equation, two constraints are imposed on the final\nresult: i) that the entropic index $q$ is a characteristic parameter of the\nnon-additive systems with a value that does not change with time, and ii) that\nfor $q \\rightarrow 1$ a smooth transition for the standard Fokker-Planck\nEquation is obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "No quasi-long-range order in the two-dimensional liquid crystal: Systems with global symmetry group O(2) experience topological transition in\nthe 2-dimensional space. But there is controversy about such a transition for\nsystems with global symmetry group O(3). In this paper, we study the\nLebwohl-Lasher model for the two-dimensional liquid crystal, using three\ndifferent methods independent of the proper values of possible critical\nexponents. Namely, we analyze the at-equilibrium order parameter distribution\nfunction with: 1) the hyperscaling relation; 2) the first scaling collapse for\nthe probability distribution function;and 3) the Binder's cumulant. We give\nstrong evidences for definite lack of a line of critical points at low\ntemperatures in the Lebwohl-Lasher model, contrary to conclusions of a number\nof previous numerical studies.",
        "positive": "Order, disorder and phase transitions in quantum many body systems: In this paper, I give an overview of some selected results in quantum many\nbody theory, lying at the interface between mathematical quantum statistical\nmechanics and condensed matter theory. In particular, I discuss some recent\nresults on the universality of transport coefficients in lattice models of\ninteracting electrons, with specific focus on the independence of the quantum\nHall conductivity from the electron-electron interaction. In this context, the\nexchange of ideas between mathematical and theoretical physics proved\nparticularly fruitful, and helped in clarifying the role played by quantum\nconservation laws (Ward Identities), together with the decay properties of the\nEuclidean current-current correlation functions, on the\ninteraction-independence of the conductivity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A model of ballistic aggregation and fragmentation: A simple model of ballistic aggregation and fragmentation is proposed. The\nmodel is characterized by two energy thresholds, Eagg and Efrag, which\ndemarcate different types of impacts: If the kinetic energy of the relative\nmotion of a colliding pair is smaller than Eagg or larger than Efrag, particles\nrespectively merge or break; otherwise they rebound. We assume that particles\nare formed from monomers which cannot split any further and that in a\ncollision-induced fragmentation the larger particle splits into two fragments.\nWe start from the Boltzmann equation for the mass-velocity distribution\nfunction and derive Smoluchowski-like equations for concentrations of particles\nof different mass. We analyze these equations analytically, solve them\nnumerically and perform Monte Carlo simulations. When aggregation and\nfragmentation energy thresholds do not depend on the masses of the colliding\nparticles, the model becomes analytically tractable. In this case we show the\nemergence of the two types of behavior: the regime of unlimited cluster growth\narises when fragmentation is (relatively) weak and the relaxation towards a\nsteady state occurs when fragmentation prevails. In a model with mass-dependent\nEagg and Efrag the evolution with a cross-over from one of the regimes to\nanother has been detected.",
        "positive": "Quasi-stationary simulation: the subcritical contact process: We apply the recently devised quasi-stationary simulation method to study the\nlifetime and order parameter of the contact process in the subcritical phase.\nThis phase is not accessible to other methods because virtually all\nrealizations of the process fall into the absorbing state before the\nquasi-stationary regime is attained. With relatively modest simulations, the\nmethod yields an estimate of the critical exponent nu_|| with a precision of\n0.5%."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The rise and fall of hubs in Self-Organized Critical learning networks: Information processing networks are the result of local rewiring rules. In\nmany instances, such rules promote links where the activity at the two end\nnodes is positively correlated. The conceptual problem we address is what\nnetwork architecture prevails under such rules and how does the resulting\nnetwork, in turn, constrain the dynamics. We focus on a simple toy model that\ncaptures the interplay between link self-reinforcement and a Self-Organised\nCritical dynamics in a simple way. Our main finding is that, under these\nconditions, a core of densely connected nodes forms spontaneously. Moreover, we\nshow that the appearance of such clustered state can be dynamically regulated\nby a fatigue mechanism, eventually giving rise to non-trivial avalanche\nexponents.",
        "positive": "Deadlocks and waiting times in traffic jam: In a city of right moving and upmoving cars with hardcore constraint, traffic\njam occurs in the form of bands. We show how the bands are destroyed by a small\nnumber of strictly left moving cars yielding a deadlock phase with a rough edge\nof left cars. We also show that the probability of waiting time at a signal for\na particular tagged car has a power law dependence on time, indicating the\nabsence of any characteristic time scale for an emergent traffic jam. The\nexponent is same for both the band and the deadlock cases. The significances of\nthese results are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vortex and translational currents due to broken time-space symmetries: We consider the classical dynamics of a particle in a $d=2,3$-dimensional\nspace-periodic potential under the influence of time-periodic external fields\nwith zero mean. We perform a general time-space symmetry analysis and identify\nconditions, when the particle will generate a nonzero averaged translational\nand vortex currents. We perform computational studies of the equations of\nmotion and of corresponding Fokker-Planck equations, which confirm the symmetry\npredictions. We address the experimentally important issue of current control.\nCold atoms in optical potentials and magnetic traps are among possible\ncandidates to observe these findings experimentally.",
        "positive": "Theory of Branching and Annihilating Random Walks: A systematic theory for the diffusion--limited reaction processes $A + A \\to\n0$ and $A \\to (m+1) A$ is developed. Fluctuations are taken into account via\nthe field--theoretic dynamical renormalization group. For $m$ even the mean\nfield rate equation, which predicts only an active phase, remains qualitatively\ncorrect near $d_c = 2$ dimensions; but below $d_c' \\approx 4/3$ a nontrivial\ntransition to an inactive phase governed by power law behavior appears. For $m$\nodd there is a dynamic phase transition for any $d \\leq 2$ which is described\nby the directed percolation universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hierarchy of Temporal Responses of Multivariate Self-Excited Epidemic\n  Processes: We present the first exact analysis of some of the temporal properties of\nmultivariate self-excited Hawkes conditional Poisson processes, which\nconstitute powerful representations of a large variety of systems with bursty\nevents, for which past activity triggers future activity. The term\n\"multivariate\" refers to the property that events come in different types, with\npossibly different intra- and inter-triggering abilities. We develop the\ngeneral formalism of the multivariate generating moment function for the\ncumulative number of first-generation and of all generation events triggered by\na given mother event (the \"shock\") as a function of the current time $t$. This\ncorresponds to studying the response function of the process. A variety of\ndifferent systems have been analyzed. In particular, for systems in which\ntriggering between events of different types proceeds through a one-dimension\ndirected or symmetric chain of influence in type space, we report a novel\nhierarchy of intermediate asymptotic power law decays $\\sim\n1/t^{1-(m+1)\\theta}$ of the rate of triggered events as a function of the\ndistance $m$ of the events to the initial shock in the type space, where $0 <\n\\theta <1$ for the relevant long-memory processes characterizing many natural\nand social systems. The richness of the generated time dynamics comes from the\ncascades of intermediate events of possibly different kinds, unfolding via a\nkind of inter-breeding genealogy.",
        "positive": "Dispersion in two-dimensional periodic channels with discontinuous\n  profiles: The effective diffusivity of Brownian tracer particles confined in periodic\nmicro-channels is smaller than the microscopic diffusivity due to entropic\ntrapping. Here, we study diffusion in two-dimensional periodic channels whose\ncross-section presents singular points, such as abrupt changes of radius or the\npresence of thin walls, with openings, delimiting periodic compartments\ncomposing the channel. Dispersion in such systems is analyzed using the\nFick-Jacobs' approximation. This approximation assumes a much faster\nequilibration in the lateral than in the axial direction, along which the\ndispersion is measured. If the characteristic width $a$ of the channel is much\nsmaller than the period $L$ of the channel, i.e. $\\varepsilon = a/L$ is small,\nthis assumption is clearly valid for Brownian particles. For discontinuous\nchannels, the Fick-Jacobs' approximation is only valid at the lowest order in\n$\\varepsilon$ and provides a rough, though on occasions rather accurate,\nestimate of the effective diffusivity. Here we provide formulas for the\neffective diffusivity in discontinuous channels that are asymptotically exact\nat the next-to-leading order in $\\varepsilon$. Each discontinuity leads to a\nreduction of the effective diffusivity. We show that our theory is consistent\nwith the picture of effective {\\em trapping rates} associated with each\ndiscontinuity, for which our theory provides explicit and asymptotically exact\nformulas. Our analytical predictions are confirmed by numerical analysis. Our\nresults provide a precise quantification of the kinetic entropic barriers\nassociated with profile singularities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Linked-Cluster Expansion of the Ising Model: The linked-cluster expansion technique for the high-temperature expansion of\nspin model is reviewed. A new algorithm for the computation of three-point and\nhigher Green's functions is presented. Series are computed for all components\nof two-point Green's functions for a generalized 3D Ising model, to 25th order\non the bcc lattice and to 23rd order on the sc lattice. Series for\nzero-momentum four-, six-, and eight-point functions are computed to 21st,\n19th, and 17th order respectively on the bcc lattice.",
        "positive": "Hidden quasi-local charges and Gibbs ensemble in a Lindblad system: We consider spin-1/2 chains with external driving that breaks the continuous\nsymmetries of the Hamiltonian. We introduce a family of models described by the\nLindblad equation with local jump operators. The models have hidden strong\nsymmetries in the form of quasi-local charges, leading to multiple\nnon-equilibrium steady states. We compute them exactly in the form of Matrix\nProduct Operators, and argue that they are the analogues of quantum many body\nscars in the Lindbladian setting. We observe that the dynamics leads to the\nemergence of a Gibbs ensemble constructed from the hidden charges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Determinant representations of spin-operator matrix elements in the XX\n  spin chain and their applications: For the one-dimensional spin-1/2 XX model with either periodic or open\nboundary conditions, it is shown by using a fermionic approach that the matrix\nelement of the spin operator $S^-_j$ ($S^-_{j}S^+_{j'}$) between two\neigenstates with numbers of excitations $n$ and $n+1$ ($n$ and $n$) can be\nexpressed as the determinant of an appropriate $(n+1)\\times (n+1)$ matrix whose\nentries involve the coefficients of the canonical transformations diagonalizing\nthe model. In the special case of a homogeneous periodic XX chain, the matrix\nelement of $S^-_j$ reduces to a variant of the Cauchy determinant that can be\nevaluated analytically to yield a factorized expression. The obtained compact\nrepresentations of these matrix elements are then applied to two physical\nscenarios: (i) Nonlinear optical response of molecular aggregates, for which\nthe determinant representation of the transition dipole matrix elements between\neigenstates provides a convenient way to calculate the third-order nonlinear\nresponses for aggregates from small to large sizes compared with the optical\nwavelength, and (ii) real-time dynamics of an interacting Dicke model\nconsisting of a single bosonic mode coupled to a one-dimensional XX spin bath.\nIn this setup, full quantum calculation up to $N\\leq 16$ spins for vanishing\nintrabath coupling shows that the decay of the reduced bosonic occupation\nnumber approaches a finite plateau value (in the long-time limit) that depends\non the ratio between the number of excitations and the total number of spins.\nOur results can find useful applications in various \"system-bath\" systems, with\nthe system part inhomogeneously coupled to an interacting XX chain.",
        "positive": "A Boltzmann generator for the isobaric-isothermal ensemble: Boltzmann generators (BGs) are now recognized as forefront generative models\nfor sampling equilibrium states of many-body systems in the canonical ensemble,\nas well as for calculating the corresponding Helmholtz free energy.\nFurthermore, BGs can potentially provide a notable improvement in efficiency\ncompared to conventional techniques such as molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte\nCarlo (MC) methods. By sampling from a clustered latent space, BGs can\ncircumvent free-energy barriers and overcome the rare-event problem. However,\none major limitation of BGs is their inability to sample across phase\ntransitions between ordered phases. This is due to the fact that new phases may\nnot be commensurate with the box dimensions, which remain fixed in the\ncanonical ensemble. In this work, we present a novel BG model for the\nisothermal-isobaric (NPT) ensemble, which can successfully overcome this\nlimitation. This unsupervised machine-learning model can sample equilibrium\nstates at various pressures, as well as pressure-driven phase transitions. We\ndemonstrate that the samples generated by this model are in good agreement with\nthose obtained through MD simulations of two model systems. Additionally, we\nderive an estimate of the Gibbs free energy using samples generated by the NPT\nBG."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic thermodynamics of self-oscillations: the electron shuttle: Self-oscillation is a phenomenon studied across many scientific disciplines,\nincluding the engineering of efficient heat engines and electric generators. We\ninvestigate the single electron shuttle, a model nano-scale system that\nexhibits a spontaneous transition towards self-oscillation, from a\nthermodynamic perspective. We analyze the model at three different levels of\ndescription: The fully stochastic level based on Fokker-Planck and Langevin\nequations, the mean-field level, and a perturbative solution to the\nFokker-Planck equation that works particularly well for small oscillation\namplitudes. We provide consistent derivations of the laws of thermodynamics for\nthis model system at each of these levels. At the mean-field level, an abrupt\ntransition to self-oscillation arises from a Hopf bifurcation of the\ndeterministic equations of motion. At the stochastic level, this transition is\nsmeared out by noise, but vestiges of the bifurcation remain visible in the\nstationary probability density. At all levels of description, the transition\ntowards self-oscillation is reflected in thermodynamic quantities such as heat\nflow, work and entropy production rate. Our analysis provides a comprehensive\npicture of a nano-scale self-oscillating system, with stochastic and\ndeterministic models linked by a unifying thermodynamic perspective.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium 2D Ising model with stationary uphill diffusion: Usually, in a non-equilibrium setting, a current brings mass from the highest\ndensity regions to the lowest density ones. Although rare, the opposite\nphenomenon (known as \"uphill diffusion\") has also been observed in\nmulticomponent systems, where it appears as an artificial effect of the\ninteraction among components. We show here that uphill diffusion can be a\nsubstantial effect, i.e. it may occur even in single component systems as a\nconsequence of some external work. To this aim we consider the 2D ferromagnetic\nIsing model in contact with two reservoirs that fix, at the left and the right\nboundaries, magnetizations of the same magnitude but of opposite signs. We\nprovide numerical evidence that a class of non-equilibrium steady states exists\nin which, by tuning the reservoir magnetizations, the current in the system\nchanges from \"downhill\" to \"uphill\". Moreover, we also show that, in such\nnon-equilibrium set-up, the current vanishes precisely when the reservoir\nmagnetizations equal the magnetization of the corresponding equilibrium\ndynamics, thus establishing a novel relation between equilibrium and\nnon-equilibrium properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solving Moment Hierarchies for Chemical Reaction Networks: The study of Chemical Reaction Networks (CRN's) is a very active field.\nEarlier well-known results \\cite{Feinberg:def_01:87, Anderson:product_dist:10}\nidentify a topological quantity called deficiency, for any CRN, which, when\nexactly equal to zero, leads to a unique factorized steady-state for these\nnetworks. No results exist however for the steady states of non-zero-deficiency\nnetworks. In this paper, we show how to write the full moment-hierarchy for any\nnon-zero-deficiency CRN obeying mass-action kinetics, in terms of equations for\nthe factorial moments (FM). Using these, we can recursively predict values for\nlower moments from higher moments, reversing the procedure usually used to\nsolve moment hierarchies. We show, for non-trivial examples, that in this\nmanner we can predict to high accuracy, any moment of interest, for CRN's with\nnon-zero deficiency and non-factorizable steady states.",
        "positive": "Local average height distribution of fluctuating interfaces: Height fluctuations of growing surfaces can be characterized by the\nprobability distribution of height in a spatial point at a finite time.\nRecently there has been spectacular progress in the studies of this quantity\nfor the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation in $1+1$ dimensions. Here we notice\nthat, at or above a critical dimension, the finite-time one-point height\ndistribution is ill-defined in a broad class of linear surface growth models,\nunless the model is regularized at small scales. The regularization via a\nsystem-dependent small-scale cutoff leads to a partial loss of universality. As\na possible alternative, we introduce a \\emph{local average height}. For the\nlinear models the probability density of this quantity is well-defined in any\ndimension. The weak-noise theory (WNT) for these models yields the \"optimal\npath\" of the interface conditioned on a non-equilibrium fluctuation of the\nlocal average height. As an illustration, we consider the conserved\nEdwards-Wilkinson (EW) equation, where, without regularization, the finite-time\none-point height distribution is ill-defined in all physical dimensions. We\nalso determine the optimal path of the interface in a closely related problem\nof the finite-time \\emph{height-difference} distribution for the non-conserved\nEW equation in $1+1$ dimension. Finally, we discuss a UV catastrophe in the\nfinite-time one-point distribution of height in the (non-regularized) KPZ\nequation in $2+1$ dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact correlation functions of Bethe lattice spin models in external\n  fields: We develop a transfer matrix method to compute exactly the spin-spin\ncorrelation functions of Bethe lattice spin models in the external magnetic\nfield h and for any temperature T. We first compute the correlation function\nfor the most general spin - S Ising model, which contains all possible\nsingle-ion and nearest-neighbor pair interactions. This general spin - S Ising\nmodel includes the spin-1/2 simple Ising model and the Blume-Emery-Griffiths\n(BEG) model as special cases. From the spin-spin correlation functions, we\nobtain functions of correlation length for the simple Ising model and BEG\nmodel, which show interesting scaling and divergent behavior as T approaches\nthe critical temperature. Our method to compute exact spin-spin correlation\nfunctions may be applied to other Ising-type models on Bethe and Bethe-like\nlattices.",
        "positive": "Explosive percolation on scale-free multifractal weighted planar\n  stochastic lattice: In this article, we investigate explosive bond percolation (EBP) with product\nrule, formally known as Achlioptas process, on a scale-free multifractal\nweighted planar stochastic lattice (WPSL). One of the key features of the EBP\ntransition is the delay, compared to corresponding random bond percolation\n(RBP), in the onset of spanning cluster. However, when it happens, it happens\nso dramatically that initially it was believed, albeit ultimately proved wrong,\nthat explosive percolation (EP) exhibits first order transition. In the case of\nEP, much efforts were devoted to resolving the issue of its order of transition\nand almost no effort being devoted to find critical point, critical exponents\netc., to classify it into universality classes. This is in sharp contrast to\nthe classical random percolation. We do not even know all the exponents of EP\nfor regular planar lattice or for Erd\\\"{o}s-Renyi network. We first find\nnumerically the critical point $p_c$ and then obtain all the critical exponents\n$\\beta, \\gamma, \\nu$ as well as the Fisher exponent $\\tau$ and the fractal\ndimension $d_f$ of the spanning cluster. We also compare our results for EBP\nwith those of the RBP and find that all the exponents of EBP obeys the same\nscaling relations as do the RBP. Our findings suggests that EBP is no special\nexcept the fact that the exponent $\\beta$ is unusually small compared to that\nof RBP."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Winding number correlation for a Brownian loop in a plane: A Brownian loop is a random walk circuit of infinitely many, suitably\ninfinitesimal, steps. In a plane such a loop may or may not enclose a marked\npoint, the origin, say. If it does so it may wind arbitrarily many times,\npositive or negative, around that point. Indeed from the (long known)\nprobability distribution, the mean square winding number is infinite, so all\nstatistical moments - averages of powers of the winding number - are infinity\n(even powers) or zero (odd powers, by symmetry). If an additional marked point\nis introduced at some distance from the origin, there are now two winding\nnumbers, which are correlated. That correlation, the average of the product of\nthe two winding numbers, is finite and is calculated here. The result takes the\nform of a single well-convergent integral that depends on a single parameter -\nthe suitably scaled separation of the marked points. The integrals of the\ncorrelation weighted by powers of the separation are simple factorial\nexpressions. Explicit limits of the correlation for small and large separation\nof the marked points are found.",
        "positive": "Universal anisotropic finite-size critical behavior of the\n  two-dimensional Ising model on a strip and of d-dimensional models on films: Anisotropy effects on the finite-size critical behavior of a two-dimensional\nIsing model on a general triangular lattice in an infinite-strip geometry with\nperiodic, antiperiodic, and free boundary conditions (bc) in the finite\ndirection are investigated. Exact results are obtained for the scaling\nfunctions of the finite-size contributions to the free energy density. With\nxi_> the largest and xi_< the smallest bulk correlation length at a given\ntemperature near criticality, we find that the dependence of these functions on\nthe ratio xi_< / xi_> and on the angle parameterizing the orientation of the\ncorrelation volume is of geometric rather than dynamic origin. Since the\nscaling functions are independent of the particular microscopic realization of\nthe anisotropy within the two-dimensional Ising model, our results provide a\nlimited verification of universality. We explain our observations by\nconsidering finite-size scaling of free energy densities of general weakly\nanisotropic models on a d-dimensional film, i.e., in an L x infinity^(d-1)\ngeometry, with bc in the finite direction that are invariant under a shear\ntransformation relating the anisotropic and isotropic cases. This allows us to\nrelate free energy scaling functions in the presence of an anisotropy to those\nof the corresponding isotropic system. We interpret our results as a simple and\ntransparent case of anisotropic universality, where, compared to the isotropic\ncase, scaling functions depend additionally on the shape and orientation of the\ncorrelation volume. We conjecture that this universality extends to cases where\nthe geometry and/or the bc are not invariant under the shear transformation and\nargue in favor of validity of two-scale factor universality for anisotropic\nsystems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scale-free relaxation of a wave packet in a quantum well with power-law\n  tails: We propose a setup for which a power-law decay is predicted to be observable\nfor generic and realistic conditions. The system we study is very simple: A\nquantum wave packet initially prepared in a potential well with (i) tails\nasymptotically decaying like ~ x^{-2} and (ii) an eigenvalues spectrum that\nshows a continuous part attached to the ground or equilibrium state. We\nanalytically derive the asymptotic decay law from the spectral properties for\ngeneric, confined initial states. Our findings are supported by realistic\nnumerical simulations for state-of-the-art expansion experiments with cold\natoms.",
        "positive": "Thermal properties of a solid through q-deformed algebra: We address the study of the thermodynamics of a crystalline solid by applying\nq-deformed algebras. We based part of our study by considering both Einstein\nand Debye models. We have mainly explored the q-deformed thermal and electric\nconductivities as a function of the Debye specific heat. The results led to the\ninterpretation of the q-deformation acting as a factor of disorder or impurity\nmodifying the characteristics of a crystalline structure as, for example, in\nthe case of semiconductors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Three-partite vertex model and knot invariants: This work is dedicated to the consideration of the construction of a\nrepresentation of braid group generators from vertex models with $N$-states,\nwhich provides a great way to study the knot invariant. An algebraic formula is\nproposed for the knot invariant when different spins $(N-1)/2$ are located on\nall components of the knot. The work summarizes procedure outputting braid\ngenerator representations from three-partite vertex model. This representation\nmade it possible to study the invariant of a knot with multi-colored links,\nwhere the components of the knot have different spins. The formula for the\ninvariant of knot with a multi-colored link is studied from the point of view\nof the braid generators obtained from the $R$-matrices of three-partite vertex\nmodels. The resulting knot invariant $5_2$ corresponds to the Jones polynomial\nand HOMFLY-PT.",
        "positive": "Modified Jarzynski Relation for non-Markovian noise: We demonstrate the conventional Jarzynski relation (JR) is violated for a\nnon-Markovian process with colored noise. As an example an exactly soluble\nmodel is considered with a simple protocol for the external work performed on\nthe system along a non-equilibrium trajectory. For that model we derive an\nexact expression for the dissipative energy in terms of an arbitrary correlator\nof the noise characterized by an autocorrelation time $t_c$. As the result we\nfind corrections to the JR in terms of $t_c$. In the limiting case of a\nGaussian process as well as an infinitely slow process the conventional JR is\nretained. The result is valid for an arbitrary colored noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Replica exchange and expanded ensemble simulations as Gibbs sampling:\n  Simple improvements for enhanced mixing: The widespread popularity of replica exchange and expanded ensemble\nalgorithms for simulating complex molecular systems in chemistry and biophysics\nhas generated much interest in enhancing phase space mixing of these protocols,\nthus improving their efficiency. Here, we demonstrate how both of these classes\nof algorithms can be considered a form of Gibbs sampling within a Markov chain\nMonte Carlo (MCMC) framework. While the update of the conformational degrees of\nfreedom by Metropolis Monte Carlo or molecular dynamics unavoidably generates\ncorrelated samples, we show how judicious updating of the thermodynamic state\nindices---corresponding to thermodynamic parameters such as temperature or\nalchemical coupling variables---associated with these configurations can\nsubstantially increase mixing while still sampling from the desired\ndistributions. We show how state update methods in common use lead to\nsuboptimal mixing, and present some simple, inexpensive alternatives that can\nincrease mixing of the overall Markov chain, reducing simulation times\nnecessary to obtain estimates of the desired precision. These improved schemes\nare demonstrated for several common applications, including an alchemical\nexpanded ensemble simulation, parallel tempering, and multidimensional replica\nexchange umbrella sampling.",
        "positive": "Tipping without Flipping: A Novel Metastable \"Tilted\" State in\n  Anisotropic Ferromagnets in External Fields: We show that in suitable anisotropic ferromagnets, both stable and metastable\n``tilted'' phases occur, in which the magnetization ${\\vec M}$ makes an angle\nbetween zero and $180$ degrees with the externally applied ${\\vec H}$. Tuning\neither the magnitude of the external field or the temperature can lead to\ncontinuous transitions between these states. A unique feature is that one of\nthese transitions is between two {\\it metastable} states. Near the transitions\nthe longitudinal susceptibility becomes anomalous with an exponent which has an\n{\\it exact} scaling relation with the critical exponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two exactly soluble lattice models in three dimensions: As a prelude to what might be expected as forthcoming breakthroughs in\nfinding new approaches toward solving three-dimensional lattice models in the\ntwenty-first century, we review the exact solutions of two lattice models in\nthree dimensions obtained using the conventional combinatorial and transfer\nmatrix approaches.",
        "positive": "Kosterlitz-Thouless transition of magnetic dipoles on the\n  two-dimensional plane: The universality class of a phase transition is often determined by factors\nlike dimensionality and inherent symmetry. We study the magnetic dipole system\nin which the ground-state symmetry and the underlying lattice structure are\ncoupled to each other in an intricate way. A two-dimensional (2D)\nsquare-lattice system of magnetic dipoles undergoes an order-disorder phase\ntransition belonging to the 2D Ising universality class. According to Prakash\nand Henley [Phys. Rev. B {\\bf 42}, 6572 (1990)], this can be related to the\nfourfold-symmetric ground states which suggests a similarity to the four-state\nclock model. Provided that this type of symmetry connection holds true, the\nmagnetic dipoles on a honeycomb lattice, which possess sixfold-symmetric ground\nstates, should exhibit a Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in accordance with the\nsix-state clock model. This is verified through numerical simulations in the\npresent investigation. However, it is pointed out that this symmetry argument\ndoes not always apply, which suggests that factors other than symmetry can be\ndecisive for the universality class of the magnetic dipole system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Introduction to renormalization: In these lectures I discuss peculiarities of the critical behaviour of\n``non-ideal'' systems as it is explained by the renormalization group approach.\nExamples considered here include account of the single-ion anisotropy,\nstructural disorder, frustrations. I introduce main ideas of renormalization\nand show how it serves the explanation of typical features of criticality in\nthe above systems: softening of the phase transition, changes in the\nuniversality class, complicated effective critical behaviour.",
        "positive": "Large-deviations for spatial diffusion of cold atoms: Large-deviations theory deals with tails of probability distributions and the\nrare events of random processes, for example spreading packets of particles.\nMathematically, it concerns the exponential fall-of of the density of\nthin-tailed systems. Here we investigate the spatial density $P_t(x)$ of laser\ncooled atoms, where at intermediate length scales the shape is fat-tailed. We\nfocus on the rare events beyond this range, which dominate important\nstatistical properties of the system. Through a novel friction mechanism\ninduced by the laser fields, the density is explored with the recently proposed\nnonnormalized infinite-covariant density approach. The small and large\nfluctuations give rise to a bi-fractal nature of the spreading packet."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Abelian $SU(3)_k$ anyons: inversion identities for higher rank face\n  models: The spectral problem for an integrable system of particles satisfying the\nfusion rules of $SU(3)_k$ is expressed in terms of exact inversion identities\nsatisfied by the commuting transfer matrices of the integrable fused\n$A_2^{(1)}$ interaction round a face (IRF) model of Jimbo, Miwa and Okado. The\nidentities are proven using local properties of the Boltzmann weights, in\nparticular the Yang-Baxter equation and unitarity. They are closely related to\nthe consistency conditions for the construction of eigenvalues obtained in the\nSeparation of Variables approach to integrable vertex models.",
        "positive": "Diffusion and Aggregation in an Agent Based Model of Stock Market\n  Fluctuations: We describe a new model to simulate the dynamic interactions between market\nprice and the decisions of two different kind of traders. They possess spatial\nmobility allowing to group together to form coalitions. Each coalition follows\na strategy chosen from a proportional voting ``dominated'' by a leader's\ndecision. The interplay of both kind of agents gives rise to complex price\ndynamics that is consistent with the main stylized facts of financial time\nseries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of the 2D two-component plasma near the Kosterlitz-Thouless\n  transition: We study the dynamics of a classical, two-component plasma in two dimensions,\nin the vicinity of the Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition where the system\npasses from a dielectric low-temperature phase (consisting of bound pairs) to a\nconducting phase. We use two ``complementary'' analytical approaches and\ncompare to simulations. The conventional, ``intuitive'' approach is built on\nthe KT picture of independently relaxing, bound pairs. A more formal approach,\nworking with Mori projected dynamic correlation functions, avoids to assume the\npair picture from the start. We discuss successes and failures of both\napproaches, and suggest a way to combine the advantages of both.",
        "positive": "Stable glassy configurations of the Kob-Andersen model using swap Monte\n  Carlo: The swap Monte Carlo algorithm allows the preparation of highly stable glassy\nconfigurations for a number of glass-formers, but is inefficient for some\nmodels, such as the much studied binary Kob-Andersen (KA) mixture. We have\nrecently developed generalisations to the KA model where swap can be very\neffective. Here, we show that these models can in turn be used to considerably\nenhance the stability of glassy configurations in the original KA model at no\ncomputational cost. We successfully develop several numerical strategies both\nin and out of equilibrium to achieve this goal and show how to optimise them.\nWe provide several physical measurements indicating that the proposed\nalgorithms considerably enhance mechanical and thermodynamic stability in the\nKA model, including a transition towards brittle yielding behaviour. Our\nresults thus pave the way for future studies of stable glasses using the KA\nmodel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vortex dynamics in dilute two-dimensional Josephson junction arrays: The dynamics of thermally excited vortices in a dilute two-dimensional\nJosephson junction array where a fraction of the superconducting islands is\nmissing has been investigated using a multiple trapping model. An expression\nfor the frequency dependent mobility of vortices has been calculated which\nallows to obtain the frequency dependent complex electrodynamic response of the\narray for different fractions of missing islands.",
        "positive": "Heat engine model exhibit super-universal feature and capture the\n  efficiencies of different power plants: We propose a generalized model of a heat engine and calculate the minimum and\nmaximum bounds on the efficiency at maximum power. We obtain a universal form\nof generalized extreme bounds on the efficiency at maximum power. Our model\nunifies the bounds on the efficiency and the universality features are observed\nfor various heat engine models. Even though our model is a direct\ngeneralization of low-dissipation heat engines, the bounds on the efficiency\nobtained at a single target function capture those observed in the actual power\nplants working at different dissipation levels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variational approach to renormalized phonon in momentum-nonconserving\n  nonlinear lattices: A previously proposed variational approach for momentum-conserving systems\n[J. Liu et.al., Phys. Rev. E 91, 042910 (2015)] is extended to systematically\ninvestigate general momentum-nonconserving nonlinear lattices. Two intrinsic\nidentities characterizing optimal reference systems are revealed, which enables\nus to derive explicit expressions for optimal variational parameters. The\nresulting optimal harmonic reference systems provide information for the band\ngap as well as the dispersion of renormalized phonons in nonlinear lattices. As\na demonstration, we consider the one-dimensional \\phi^?4 lattice. By combining\nthe transfer integral operator method, we show that the phonon band gap endows\na simple power-law temperature dependence in the weak stochasticity regime\nwhere predicted dispersion is reliable by comparing with numerical results. In\naddition, an exact relation between ensemble averages of the \\phi^?4 lattice in\nthe whole temperature range is found, regardless of the existence of the strong\nstochasticity threshold.",
        "positive": "Aperiodicity-Induced Second-Order Phase Transition in the 8-State Potts\n  Model: We investigate the critical behavior of the two-dimensional 8-state Potts\nmodel with an aperiodic distribution of the exchange interactions between\nnearest-neighbor rows. The model is studied numerically through intensive Monte\nCarlo simulations using the Swendsen-Wang cluster algorithm. The transition\npoint is located through duality relations, and the critical behavior is\ninvestigated using FSS techniques at criticality. For strong enough\nfluctuations of the aperiodic sequence under consideration, a second order\nphase transition is found. The exponents $\\beta/\\nu$ and $\\gamma /\\nu$ are\nobtained at the new fixed point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Finite-Size Scaling around Topological Quantum Phase\n  Transitions: The critical point of a topological phase transition is described by a\nconformal field theory, where finite-size corrections to energy are uniquely\nrelated to its central charge. We investigate the finite-size scaling away from\ncriticality and find a scaling function, which discriminates between phases\nwith different topological indexes. This function appears to be universal for\nall five Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry classes with non-trivial topology in one\nspatial dimension. We obtain an analytic form of the scaling function and\ncompare it with numerical results.",
        "positive": "Operator solutions for fractional Fokker-Planck equations: We obtain exact results for fractional equations of Fokker-Planck type using\nevolution operator method. We employ exact forms of one-sided Levy stable\ndistributions to generate a set of self-reproducing solutions. Explicit cases\nare reported and studied for various fractional order of derivatives, different\ninitial conditions, and for different versions of Fokker-Planck operators."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Model-free derivations of the Tsallis factor: constant heat capacity\n  derivation: The constant temperature derivation, which is a model-free derivation of the\nBoltzmann factor, is generalized in order to develop a new simple model-free\nderivation of a power-law Tsallis factor based on an environment with constant\nheat capacity. It is shown that the integral constant T_0 appeared in the new\nderivation is identified with the generalized temperature T_q in Tsallis\nthermostatistics. A constant heat capacity environment is proposed as a\none-real-parameter extension of the Boltzmann reservoir, which is a model\nconstant temperature environment developed by J.J. Prentis et al. [Am. J. Phys.\n67 (1999) 508] in order to naturally obtain the Boltzmann factor. It is also\nshown that the Boltzmann entropy of such a constant heat capacity environment\nis consistent with Clausius' entropy.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic and magnetic properties of the hexagonal type Ising\n  nanowire: The thermodynamic and magnetic properties of the mixed spin (1/2-1) hexagonal\nIsing nanowire (HIN) system with core-shell structure have been presented by\nmeans of the effective-field theory (EFT) with correlations. The effects of the\nphysical parameters of the system on thermodynmaic and magnetic properties\n(magnetizations, susceptibilities, internal energies, and free energies and\nhysteresis curves) are investigated for both ferromagnetic and\nantiferromagnetic case, in detail. One can find that when the temperature\nincreases the hysteresis loop areas decrease and the hysteresis loops disappear\nat above critical temperature. Moreover, different hysteresis loop behaviors\nhave been observed such as single, double and triple hysteresis loops in the\nsystem. In order to confirm the accuracy of the phase transition points, we\nalso investigate the free energy of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Supersymmetry and Nonequilibrium Work Relations: We give a field-theoretic proof of the nonequilibrium work relations for a\nspace dependent field with stochastic dynamics. The path integral\nrepresentation and its symmetries allow us to derive Jarzynski's equality. In\naddition, we derive a set of exact identities that generalize the\nfluctuation-dissipation relations to far-from equilibrium situations. These\nidentities are prone to experimental verification. Furthermore, we show that\nsupersymmetry invariance of the Langevin equation, which is broken when the\nexternal potential is time-dependent, is partially restored by adding to the\naction a term which is precisely Jarzynski's work. Jarzynski's equality can\nalso be deduced from this supersymmetry",
        "positive": "Liquid to solid nucleation via onion structure droplets: We study homogeneous nucleation from a deeply quenched metastable liquid to a\nspatially modulated phase. We find, for a general class of density functional\ntheories, that the universally favored nucleating droplet in dimensions $d \\geq\n3$ is spherically symmetric with radial modulations resembling the layers of an\nonion. The existence of this droplet has important implications for systems\nwith effective long-range interactions, and potentially applies to polymers,\nplasmas, and metals."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Natural extension of hidden $Z_2 \\times Z_2$ symmetry toward arbitrary\n  integer spin chains: We show how entangled valence-bond singlet pairs are disentangled partially\nand totally by the Kennedy-Tasaki transformation which reveals the hidden\n$Z_2\\times Z_2$ symmetry in valence-bond-solid chains as a higher-spin\ngeneralization of the previous studies toward the intermediate-$D$ state. The\ntotally disentangled states correspond to four Ising-like states with $Z_2$\nvariables on the boundary. We present a simple expression of results by using\nthe spin decomposition and the boundary matrix.",
        "positive": "Theoretical Description of Coulomb Balls - Fluid Phase: A theoretical description for the radial density profile of a finite number\nof identical charged particles confined in a harmonic trap is developed for\napplication over a wide range of Coulomb coupling (or, equivalently,\ntemperatures) and particle numbers. A simple mean field approximation\nneglecting correlations yields a density profile which is monotonically\ndecreasing with radius for all temperatures, in contrast to molecular dynamics\nsimulations and experiments showing shell structure at lower temperatures. A\nmore complete theoretical description including charge correlations is\ndeveloped here by an extension of the hypernetted chain approximation,\ndeveloped for bulk fluids, to the confined charges. The results reproduce all\nof the qualitative features observed in molecular dynamics simulations and\nexperiments. These predictions are then tested quantitatively by comparison\nwith new benchmark Monte Carlo simulations. Quantitative accuracy of the theory\nis obtained for the selected conditions by correcting the hypernetted chain\napproximation with a representation for the associated bridge functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling Theory for Migration-Driven Aggregate Growth: We give a comprehensive rate equation description for the irreversible growth\nof aggregates by migration from small to large aggregates. For a homogeneous\nrate K(i;j) at which monomers migrate from aggregates of size i to those of\nsize j, that is, K(ai;aj) ~ a^{lambda} K(i,j), the mean aggregate size grows\nwith time as t^{1/(2-lambda)} for lambda<2. The aggregate size distribution\nexhibits distinct regimes of behavior which are controlled by the scaling\nproperties of the migration rate from the smallest to the largest aggregates.\nOur theory applies to diverse phenomena, such as the distribution of city\npopulations, late stage coarsening of non-symmetric binary systems, and models\nfor wealth exchange.",
        "positive": "Entanglement entropy of highly degenerate states and fractal dimensions: We consider the bipartite entanglement entropy of ground states of extended\nquantum systems with a large degeneracy. Often, as when there is a\nspontaneously broken global Lie group symmetry, basis elements of the\nlowest-energy space form a natural geometrical structure. For instance, the\nspins of a spin-1/2 representation, pointing in various directions, form a\nsphere. We show that for subsystems with a large number m of local degrees of\nfreedom, the entanglement entropy diverges as (d/2) log m, where d is the\nfractal dimension of the subset of basis elements with nonzero coefficients. We\ninterpret this result by seeing d as the (not necessarily integer) number of\nzero-energy Goldstone bosons describing the ground state. We suggest that this\nresult holds quite generally for largely degenerate ground states, with\npotential applications to spin glasses and quenched disorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reconstructing the Density of States by History-Dependent Metadynamics: We present a novel method for the calculation of the energy density of states\nD(E) for systems described by classical statistical mechanics. The method\nbuilds on an extension of a recently proposed strategy that allows the free\nenergy profile of a canonical system to be recovered within a pre-assigned\naccuracy,[A. Laio and M. Parrinello, PNAS 2002]. The method allows a good\ncontrol over the error on the recovered system entropy. This fact is exploited\nto obtain D(E) more efficiently by combining measurements at different\ntemperatures. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are tested for the\ntwo-dimensional Ising model (up to size 50x50) by comparison with both exact\nresults and previous studies. This method is a general one and should be\napplicable to more realistic model systems.",
        "positive": "Does the configurational entropy of polydisperse particles exist?: Classical particle systems characterized by continuous size polydispersity,\nsuch as colloidal materials, are not straightforwardly described using\nstatistical mechanics, since fundamental issues may arise from particle\ndistinguishability. Because the mixing entropy in such systems is divergent in\nthe thermodynamic limit we show that the configurational entropy estimated from\nstandard computational approaches to characterize glassy states also diverges.\nThis reasoning would suggest that polydisperse materials cannot undergo a glass\ntransition, in contradiction to experiments. We explain that this argument\nstems from the confusion between configurations in phase space and states\ndefined by free energy minima, and propose a simple method to compute a finite\nand physically meaningful configurational entropy in continuously polydisperse\nsystems. Physically, the proposed approach relies on an effective description\nof the system as an $M^*$-component system with a finite $M^*$, for which\nfinite mixing and configurational entropies are obtained. We show how to\ndirectly determine $M^*$ from computer simulations in a range of glass-forming\nmodels with different size polydispersities, characterized by hard and soft\ninterparticle interactions, and by additive and non-additive interactions. Our\napproach provides consistent results in all cases and demonstrates that the\nconfigurational entropy of polydisperse system exists, is finite, and can be\nquantitatively estimated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Solvable continuous time random walk model of the motion of tracer\n  particles through porous media: We consider the continuous time random walk model (CTRW) of tracer's motion\nin porous medium flows based on the experimentally determined distributions of\npore velocity and pore size reported in Holzner et al. Phys. Rev. E 92, 013015\n(2015). The particle's passing through one channel is modelled as one step of\nthe walk. The step's (channel) length is random and the walker's velocity at\nconsecutive steps of the walk is conserved with finite probability mimicking\nthat at the turning point there could be no abrupt change of velocity. We\nprovide the Laplace transform of the characteristic function of the walker's\nposition and reductions for different cases of independence of the CTRW's\nstep's duration \\tau, length l and velocity v. We solve our model with\nindependent l and v. The model incorporates different forms of the tail of the\nprobability density of small velocities that vary with the model parameter\n\\alpha. Depending on that parameter all types of anomalous diffusion can hold,\nfrom super- to subdiffusion. In a finite interval of \\alpha, ballistic behavior\nwith logarithmic corrections holds that was observed in a previously introduced\nCTRW model with independent l and \\tau. Universality of tracer's diffusion in\nthe porous medium is considered.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of Quantum Jump Trajectories: We apply the large-deviation method to study trajectories in dissipative\nquantum systems. We show that in the long time limit the statistics of quantum\njumps can be understood from thermodynamic arguments by exploiting the analogy\nbetween large-deviation and free-energy functions. This approach is\nparticularly useful for uncovering properties of rare dissipative trajectories.\nWe also prove, via an explicit quantum mapping, that rare trajectories of one\nsystem can be realized as typical trajectories of an alternative system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Manifestations of the absence of spin diffusion in multipulse NMR\n  experiments on diluted dipolar solids: Puzzling anomalies previously observed in multipulse NMR experiments in\nnatural abundance 29Si [A.E. Dementyev, D. Li, K. MacLean, and S.E. Barrett,\nPhys. Rev. B 68, 153302 (2003)] such as long-lived spin echoes and even-odd\nasymmetries, are also found in polycrystalline C60. Further experiments\ncontrolling the phases and tilting angles of the pulse trains, as well as\nanalytical and numerical calculations allowed us to explain the origin of these\nanomalies. We prove that the observation of long magnetization tails requires\ntwo conditions: i) an rf field inhomogeneity able to produce different tilting\nangles in different sites of the sample and ii) the absence of spin diffusion\n(non-effective flip-flop interactions). The last requirement is easily\nsatisfied in diluted dipolar solids, where the frequency differences between\nsites, caused by disorder or other sources, are usually at least one order of\nmagnitude larger than the dipolar couplings. Both conditions lead to the\ngeneration of stimulated echoes in Carr-Purcell (CP) and\nCarr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse trains. We show, both experimentally and\ntheoretically, that the stimulated echoes interfere constructively or\ndestructively with the normal (Hahn) echoes depending on the alternation or not\nof the pi pulse phases in the CP and the CPMG sequences. Constructive\ninterferences occur for the CP and CPMG sequences with and without phase\nalternation respectively, which are the cases where long magnetization tails\nare observed. Sequences with two, three and four pi pulses after the pi/2 pulse\nallow us to disentangle the contributions of the different echoes and show how\nthe stimulated echoes originate the even-odd asymmetry observed in both 29Si\nand C60 polycrystalline samples.",
        "positive": "Blume-Capel model analysis with microcanonical population annealing\n  method: We present a modification of the Rose-Machta algorithm (Phys. Rev. E 100\n(2019) 063304) and estimate the density of states for a two-dimensional\nBlume-Capel model, simulating $10^5$ replicas in parallel for each set of\nparameters. We perform a finite-size analysis of the specific heat and Binder\ncumulant, determine the critical temperature along the critical line, and\nevaluate the critical exponents. The results obtained are in good agreement\nwith those obtained previously using various methods -- Markov Chain Monte\nCarlo simulation, Wang-Landau simulation, transfer matrix, and series\nexpansion. The simulation results clearly illustrate the typical behavior of\nspecific heat along the critical lines and through the tricritical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A geometric description of blackbody-like systems in thermodynamic\n  equilibrium: Riemannian and contact geometry formalisms are used to study the fundamental\nequation of electromagnetic radiation-like systems, obeying a\nStefan-Boltzmann's-like law. The vanishing of metric determinant is used for\nclassifying what kind of systems can not represent a possible generalization of\nblackbody-like systems. In addition, thermodynamic curvature scalar\n$\\mathcal{R}$ is evaluated for a thermodynamic metric, giving $\\mathcal{R}=0$,\nwhich validates the non-interaction hypothesis stating that the scalar\ncurvature vanishes for non-interacting systems.",
        "positive": "Building Entanglement Entropy out of Correlation Functions for\n  Interacting Fermions: We provide a prescription to construct R\\'{e}nyi and von Neumann entropy of a\nsystem of interacting fermions from a knowledge of its correlation functions.\nWe show that R\\'{e}nyi entanglement entropy of interacting fermions in\narbitrary dimensions can be represented by a Schwinger Keldysh free energy on\nreplicated manifolds with a current between the replicas. The current is local\nin real space and is present only in the subsystem which is not integrated out.\nThis allows us to construct a diagrammatic representation of entanglement\nentropy in terms of connected correlators in the standard field theory with no\nreplicas. This construction is agnostic to how the correlators are calculated,\nand one can use calculated, simulated or measured values of the correlators in\nthis formula. Using this diagrammatic representation, one can decompose\nentanglement into contributions which depend on the one-particle correlator,\ntwo particle correlator and so on. We provide analytic formula for the\none-particle contribution and a diagrammatic construction for higher order\ncontributions. We show how this construction can be extended for von-Neumann\nentropy through analytic continuation. For a practical implementation of a\nquantum state, where one usually has information only about few-particle\ncorrelators, this provides an approximate way of calculating entanglement\ncommensurate with the limited knowledge about the underlying quantum state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relevance of Abelian Symmetry and Stochasticity in Directed Sandpiles: We provide a comprehensive view on the role of Abelian symmetry and\nstochasticity in the universality class of directed sandpile models, in context\nof the underlying spatial correlations of metastable patterns and scars. It is\nargued that the relevance of Abelian symmetry may depend on whether the dynamic\nrule is stochastic or deterministic, by means of the interaction of metastable\npatterns and avalanche flow. Based on the new scaling relations, we conjecture\ncritical exponents for avalanche, which is confirmed reasonably well in\nlarge-scale numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "A metal-insulator transition as a quantum glass problem: We discuss a recent mapping of the Anderson-Mott metal-insulator transition\nonto a random field magnet problem. The most important new idea introduced is\nto describe the metal-insulator transition in terms of an order parameter\nexpansion rather than in terms of soft modes via a nonlinear sigma model. For\nspatial dimensions d>6 a mean field theory gives the exact critical exponents.\nIn an epsilon expansion about d=6 the critical exponents are identical to those\nfor a random field Ising model. Dangerous irrelevant quantum fluctuations\nmodify Wegner's scaling law relating the conductivity exponent to the\ncorrelation or localization length exponent. This invalidates the bound s>2/3\nfor the conductivity exponent s in d=3. We also argue that activated scaling\nmight be relevant for describing the AMT in three-dimensional systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalization of the Second Law for a Nonequilibrium Initial State: We generalize the second law of thermodynamics in its maximum work\nformulation for a nonequilibrium initial distribution. It is found that in an\nisothermal process, the Boltzmann relative entropy (H-function) is not just a\nLyapunov function but also tells us the maximum work that may be gained from a\nnonequilibrium initial state. The generalized second law also gives a\nfundamental relation between work and information. It is valid even for a small\nHamiltonian system not in contact with a heat reservoir but with an effective\ntemperature determined by the isentropic condition. Our relation can be tested\nin the Szilard engine, which will be realized in the laboratory.",
        "positive": "Thermal rectification in the one-dimensional nonlinearly graded rotor\n  lattice robust in the thermodynamical limit: Recently, it has been shown that in graded systems, thermal rectification\n(TR) effect may remain in the thermodynamical limit. Here, by taking the\none-dimensional rotor lattice as an illustrating model, we investigate how the\ngraded structure may affect the TR efficiency. In particular, we consider the\ncase where the interaction is assigned with nonlinear polynomial functions. It\nis found that TR is robust in the thermodynamical limit and meanwhile its\nefficiency may considerably depend on the details of the graded structure. This\nfinding suggests that it is possible to enhance the TR effect by taking into\naccount the nonlinear graded structure even in large systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy degeneracies from Broad Histogram Method and Wang-Landau Sampling: In this work, we present a comparative study of the accuracy provided by the\nWang-Landau sampling and the Broad Histogram method to estimate de density of\nstates of the two dimensional Ising ferromagnet. The microcanonical averages\nused to describe the thermodynamic behaviour and to use the Broad Histogram\nmethod were obtained using the single spin-flip Wang-Landau sampling,\nattempting to convergence issues and accuracy improvements. We compare the\nresults provided by both techniques with the exact ones for thermodynamic\nproperties and critical exponents. Our results, within the Wang-Landau\nsampling, reveal that the Broad Histogram approach provides a better\ndescription of the density of states for all cases analysed.",
        "positive": "Quantum heat engine in the relativistic limit: The case of a Dirac\n  particle: We studied the efficiency of two different schemes for a quantum heat engine,\nby considering a single Dirac particle trapped in an infinite one-dimensional\npotential well as the \"working substance.\" The first scheme is a cycle,\ncomposed of two adiabatic and two isoenergetic reversible trajectories in\nconfiguration space. The trajectories are driven by a quasistatic deformation\nof the potential well due to an external applied force. The second scheme is a\nvariant of the former, where isoenergetic trajectories are replaced by\nisothermal ones, along which the system is in contact with macroscopic\nthermostats. This second scheme constitutes a quantum analog of the classical\nCarnot cycle. Our expressions, as obtained from the Dirac single-particle\nspectrum, converge in the nonrelativistic limit to some of the existing results\nin the literature for the Schr\\\"odinger spectrum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Drift and trapping in biased diffusion on disordered lattices: We reexamine the theory of transition from drift to no-drift in biased\ndiffusion on percolation networks. We argue that for the bias field B equal to\nthe critical value B_c, the average velocity at large times t decreases to zero\nas 1/log(t). For B < B_c, the time required to reach the steady-state velocity\ndiverges as exp(const/|B_c-B|). We propose an extrapolation form that describes\nthe behavior of average velocity as a function of time at intermediate time\nscales. This form is found to have a very good agreement with the results of\nextensive Monte Carlo simulations on a 3-dimensional site-percolation network\nand moderate bias.",
        "positive": "Energy Transport in an Ising Disordered Model: We introduce a new microcanonical dynamics for a large class of Ising systems\nisolated or maintained out of equilibrium by contact with thermostats at\ndifferent temperatures. Such a dynamics is very general and can be used in a\nwide range of situations, including disordered and topologically inhomogenous\nsystems. Focusing on the two-dimensional ferromagnetic case, we show that the\nequilibrium temperature is naturally defined, and it can be consistently\nextended as a local temperature when far from equilibrium. This holds for\nhomogeneous as well as for disordered systems. In particular, we will consider\na system characterized by ferromagnetic random couplings $J_{ij} \\in [ 1 -\n\\epsilon, 1 + \\epsilon ]$. We show that the dynamics relaxes to steady states,\nand that heat transport can be described on the average by means of a Fourier\nequation. The presence of disorder reduces the conductivity, the effect being\nespecially appreciable for low temperatures. We finally discuss a possible\nsingular behaviour arising for small disorder, i.e. in the limit $\\epsilon \\to\n0$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal properties of repulsive self-propelled particles and\n  attractive driven particles: Motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) is a nonequilibrium phase separation\nthat has a different origin from equilibrium phase separation induced by\nattractive interactions. Similarities and differences in collective behaviors\nbetween these two types of phase separation have been intensely discussed.\nHere, to study another kind of similarity between MIPS and attraction-induced\nphase separation under a nonequilibrium condition, we perform simulations of\nactive Brownian particles with uniaxially anisotropic self-propulsion (uniaxial\nABPs) in two dimensions. We find that (i) long-range density correlation\nappears in the homogeneous state, (ii) anisotropic particle configuration\nappears in MIPS, where the anisotropy removes the possibility of microphase\nseparation suggested for isotropic ABPs [X.-Q. Shi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.\n125, 168001 (2020)], and (iii) critical phenomena for the anisotropic MIPS\npresumably belong to the universality class for two-dimensional uniaxial\nferromagnets with dipolar long-range interactions. Properties (i)-(iii) are\ncommon to the well-studied randomly driven lattice gas (RDLG), which is a\nparticle model that undergoes phase separation by attractive interactions under\nexternal driving forces, suggesting that the origin of phase separation is not\nessential for macroscopic behaviors of uniaxial ABPs and RDLG. Based on the\nobservations in uniaxial ABPs, we construct a coarse-grained Langevin model,\nwhich shows properties (i)-(iii) and corroborates the generality of the\nfindings.",
        "positive": "Entropy Production and Thermalization in the One-Atom Maser: In the configuration in which two-level atoms with an initial thermal\ndistribution of their states are sent in succession to a cavity sustaining a\nsingle mode of electromagnetic radiation, one atom leaving the cavity as the\nnext one enters it (as in the one-atom maser), Jaynes and Cummings showed that\nthe steady state of the field, when many atoms have traversed the cavity, is\nthermal with a temperature different than that of the atoms in the off-resonant\nsituation. Having an interaction between two subsystems which maintains them at\ndifferent temperatures was then understood as leading to an apparent violation\nof energy conservation. Here we show, by calculating the quantum entropy\nproduction in the system, that this difference of temperatures is consistent\nwith having the subsystems adiabatically insulated from each other as the\nsteady state is approached. At resonance the insulation is removed and\nequilibration of the temperatures is achieved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Beyond the Imry-Ma Length: Scaling Behavior in the 3D Random Field $XY$\n  Model: We have performed studies of the 3D random field $XY$ model on $L \\times L\n\\times L$ simple cubic lattices with periodic boundary conditions, with a\nrandom field strength of $h_r$ = 1.875, for $L =$ 64, 96 and 128, using a\nparallelized Monte Carlo algorithm. We present results for the angle-averaged\nmagnetic structure factor, $S ( k )$ at $T$ = 1.00, which appears to be the\ntemperature at which small jumps in the magnetization per spin and the energy\nper spin occur. The magnetization jump per spin scales with size roughly as\n$L^{- 3/4}$, while the energy jump per spin scales like $L^{- 3/2}$. The\nresults also indicate the existence of an approximately logarithmic divergence\nof $S ( k )$ as $k \\to 0$. The magnetic susceptibility, $\\chi (\\vec{\\bf k} = 0\n)$, on the other hand, seems to have a value of about 14.2 under these\nconditions. This suggests the absence of a ferromagnetic phase, and that the\nlower critical dimension for long-range order in this model is three. Similar\nresults are found for $L$ = 64 samples at $h_r$ = 2.0 and $T$ = 0.875. We\nexpect that the behavior is qualitatively similar along the entire phase\nboundary, but the scaling exponents may not be universal. These results appear\nto be related to recent work on quantum disorder.",
        "positive": "Re-examining the Statistical Mechanics of an Interacting Bose Gas: We re-examine the way in which Bogoliubov's theory of a dilute Bose gas at\n$T=0$ has been extended to describe the statistical mechanics of interacting\nbosons at finite temperature. We show explicitly that the field-theoretic\ncalculation of the grand partition function in this formulation amounts to a\ncanonical trace over the eigenfunctions of the Bogoliubov Hamiltonian at fixed\ntotal number of bosons $N$, and that the additional trace over $N$ that is\nrequired in the grand-canonical formalism is never carried out. This implies\nthat what usually passes as the grand-canonical treatment of the Bogoliubov\nHamiltonian is not quite grand-canonical, and is in fact a canonical one. We\nalso show that the discontinuity in the condensate density predicted by\nprevious formulations of this theory as the temperature $T$ goes past the\ncritical transition temperature $T_c$ is a direct consequence of an\ninappropriate generalization of the Bogoliubov prescription to finite\ntemperatures, and that this discontinuity disappears when this prescription is\neither used as a zero temperature approximation or avoided altogether. Armed\nwith the above findings, we reformulate the statistical mechanics of\ninteracting bosons in the canonical ensemble and derive the thermodynamics of\nthe system. We then show how the canonical treatment can be used to setup a\ntruly grand-canonical description of the statistical mechanics of a weakly\ninteracting Bose gas where the average number of bosons in the system varies\nwith temperature, unlike existing formulations where the total number of bosons\n$N$ is taken to be a constant that does not depend on $T$. Consequences on the\nphysics of interacting bosons are briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size scaling theory for explosive percolation transitions: The finite-size scaling (FSS) theory for continuous phase transitions has\nbeen useful in determining the critical behavior from the size dependent\nbehaviors of thermodynamic quantities. When the phase transition is\ndiscontinuous, however, FSS approach has not been well established yet. Here,\nwe develop a FSS theory for the explosive percolation transition arising in the\nErd\\H{o}s and R\\'enyi model under the Achlioptas process. A scaling function is\nderived based on the observed fact that the derivative of the curve of the\norder parameter at the critical point $t_c$ diverges with system size in a\npower-law manner, which is different from the conventional one based on the\ndivergence of the correlation length at $t_c$. We show that the susceptibility\nis also described in the same scaling form. Numerical simulation data for\ndifferent system sizes are well collapsed on the respective scaling functions.",
        "positive": "Summability of the perturbative expansion for a zero-dimensional\n  disordered spin model: We show analytically that the perturbative expansion for the free energy of\nthe zero dimensional (quenched) disordered Ising model is Borel-summable in a\ncertain range of parameters, provided that the summation is carried out in two\nsteps: first, in the strength of the original coupling of the Ising model and\nsubsequently in the variance of the quenched disorder. This result is\nillustrated by some high-precision calculations of the free energy obtained by\na straightforward numerical implementation of our sequential summation method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Intermediate magnetization plateaus in the spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg and\n  Heisenberg models on two-dimensional triangulated lattices: The ground state and zero-temperature magnetization process of the spin-1/2\nIsing-Heisenberg model on two-dimensional triangles-in-triangles lattices is\nexactly calculated using eigenstates of the smallest commuting spin clusters.\nOur ground-state analysis of the investigated classical--quantum spin model\nreveals three unconventional dimerized or trimerized quantum ground states\nbesides two classical ground states. It is demonstrated that the spin\nfrustration is responsible for a variety of magnetization scenarios with up to\nthree or four intermediate magnetization plateaus of either quantum or\nclassical nature. The exact analytical results for the Ising-Heisenberg model\nare confronted with the corresponding results for the purely quantum Heisenberg\nmodel, which were obtained by numerical exact diagonalizations based on the\nLanczos algorithm for finite-size spin clusters of 24 and 21 sites,\nrespectively. It is shown that the zero-temperature magnetization process of\nboth models is quite reminiscent and hence, one may obtain some insight into\nthe ground states of the quantum Heisenberg model from the rigorous results for\nthe Ising-Heisenberg model even though exact ground states for the\nIsing-Heisenberg model do not represent true ground states for the pure quantum\nHeisenberg model.",
        "positive": "Escape from the potential well: competition between long jumps and long\n  waiting times: Within a concept of the fractional diffusion equation and subordination, the\npaper examines the influence of a competition between long waiting times and\nlong jumps on the escape from the potential well. Applying analytical arguments\nand numerical methods, we demonstrate that the presence of long waiting times\ndistributed according to a power-law distribution with a diverging mean leads\nto very general asymptotic properties of the survival probability. The observed\nsurvival probability asymptotically decays like a power-law whose form is not\naffected by the value of the exponent characterizing the power-law jump length\ndistribution. It is demonstrated that this behavior is typical of and generic\nfor systems exhibiting long waiting times. We also show that the survival\nprobability has a universal character not only asymptotically but also at small\ntimes. Finally, it is indicated which properties of the first passage time\ndensity are sensitive to the exact value of the exponent characterizing the\njump length distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stability of the trapped nonconservative Gross-Pitaevskii equation with\n  attractive two-body interaction: The dynamics of a nonconservative Gross-Pitaevskii equation for trapped\natomic systems with attractive two-body interaction is numerically\ninvestigated, considering wide variations of the nonconservative parameters,\nrelated to atomic feeding and dissipation. We study the possible limitations of\nthe mean field description for an atomic condensate with attractive two-body\ninteraction, by defining the parameter regions where stable or unstable\nformation can be found. The present study is useful and timely considering the\npossibility of large variations of attractive two-body scattering lengths,\nwhich may be feasible in recent experiments.",
        "positive": "Endpoint thermodynamics of an atomic Fermi gas subject to a Feshbach\n  resonance: The entropy and kinetic, potential, and interaction energies of an atomic\nFermi gas in a trap are studied under the assumption of thermal equilibrium for\nfinite temperature. A Feshbach resonance can cause the fermions to pair into\ndiatomic molecules. The entropy and energies of mixtures of such molecules with\nunpaired atoms are calculated, in relation to recent experiments on molecular\nBose-Einstein condensates produced in this manner. It is shown that, starting\nwith a Fermi gas of temperature $T= 0.1 T_F^0$, where $T_F^0$ is the\nnon-interacting Fermi temperature, an extremely cold degenerate Fermi gas of\ntemperature $T \\lesssim 0.01 T_F^0$ may be produced without further evaporative\ncooling. This requires adiabatic passage of the resonance, subsequent sudden\nremoval of unpaired atoms, and adiabatic return. We also calculate the ratio of\nthe interaction energy to the kinetic energy, a straightforward experimental\nsignal which may be used to determine the temperature of the atoms and indicate\ncondensation of the molecules."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Limit in Statistical Physics: The thermodynamic limit in statistical thermodynamics of many-particle\nsystems is an important but often overlooked issue in the various applied\nstudies of condensed matter physics. To settle this issue, we review tersely\nthe past and present disposition of thermodynamic limiting procedure in the\nstructure of the contemporary statistical mechanics and our current\nunderstanding of this problem. We pick out the ingenious approach by N. N.\nBogoliubov, who developed a general formalism for establishing of the limiting\ndistribution functions in the form of formal series in powers of the density.\nIn that study he outlined the method of justification of the thermodynamic\nlimit when he derived the generalized Boltzmann equations. To enrich and to\nweave our discussion, we take this opportunity to give a brief survey of the\nclosely related problems, such as the equipartition of energy and the\nequivalence and nonequivalence of statistical ensembles. The validity of the\nequipartition of energy permits one to decide what are the boundaries of\napplicability of statistical mechanics. The major aim of this work is to\nprovide a better qualitative understanding of the physical significance of the\nthermodynamic limit in modern statistical physics of the infinite and \"small\"\nmany-particle systems.",
        "positive": "Evidence for the super Tonks-Girardeau gas: We provide evidence in support of a recent proposal by Astrakharchik at al.\nfor the existence of a super Tonks-Girardeau gas-like state in the attractive\ninteraction regime of quasi-one-dimensional Bose gases. We show that the super\nTonks-Giradeau gas-like state corresponds to a highly-excited Bethe state in\nthe integrable interacting Bose gas for which the bosons acquire hard-core\nbehaviour. The gas-like state properties vary smoothly throughout a wide range\nfrom strong repulsion to strong attraction. There is an additional stable\ngas-like phase in this regime in which the bosons form two-body bound states\nbehaving like hard-core bosons."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sterically Driven Current Reversal in a Model Molecular Motor: Simulations can help unravel the complicated ways in which molecular\nstructure determines function. Here, we use molecular simulations to show how\nslight alterations of a molecular motor's structure can cause the motor's\ntypical dynamical behavior to reverse directions. Inspired by autonomous\nsynthetic catenane motors, we study the molecular dynamics of a minimal motor\nmodel, consisting of a shuttling ring that moves along a track containing\ninterspersed binding sites and catalytic sites. The binding sites attract the\nshuttling ring while the catalytic sites speed up a reaction between molecular\nspecies, which can be thought of as fuel and waste. When that fuel and waste\nare held in a nonequilibrium steady-state concentration, the free energy from\nthe reaction drives directed motion of the shuttling ring along the track.\nUsing this model and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics, we show that the\nshuttling ring's direction can be reversed by simply adjusting the spacing\nbetween binding and catalytic sites on the track. We present a steric mechanism\nbehind the current reversal, supported by kinetic measurements from the\nsimulations. These results demonstrate how molecular simulation can guide\nfuture development of artificial molecular motors.",
        "positive": "Scaling of the entropy production rate in a $\\varphi^4$ model of Active\n  Matter: In active $\\varphi^4$ field theories the nonequilibrium terms play an\nimportant role in describing active phase separation; however, they are\nirrelevant, in the renormalization group sense, at the critical point. Their\nirrelevance makes the critical exponents the same as those of the Ising\nuniversality class. Despite their irrelevance, they contribute to a nontrivial\nscaling of the entropy production rate at criticality. We consider the\nnonequilibrium dynamics of a nonconserved scalar field $\\varphi$ (Model A)\ndriven out-of-equilibrium by a persistent noise that is correlated on a finite\ntimescale $\\tau$, as in the case of active baths. We perform the computation of\nthe density of entropy production rate $\\sigma$ and we study its scaling near\nthe critical point. We find that similar to the case of active Model A, and\nalthough the nonlinearities responsible for nonvanishing entropy production\nrates in the two models are quite different, the irrelevant parameter $\\tau$\nmakes the critical dynamics irreversible."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic transition in supercritical iron: Recent advance in understanding the supercritical state posits the existence\nof a new line above the critical point separating two physically distinct\nstates of matter: rigid liquid and non-rigid gas-like fluid. The location of\nthis line, the Frenkel line, remains unknown for important real systems. Here,\nwe map the Frenkel line on the phase diagram of supercritical iron using\nmolecular dynamics simulations. On the basis of our data, we propose a general\nrecipe to locate the Frenkel line for any system, the recipe that importantly\ndoes not involve system-specific detailed calculations and relies on the\nknowledge of the melting line only. We further discuss the relationship between\nthe Frenkel line and the metal-insulator transition in supercritical liquid\nmetals. Our results enable predicting the state of supercritical iron in\nseveral conditions of interest. In particular, we predict that liquid iron in\nthe Jupiter core is in the \"rigid liquid\" state and is highly conducting. We\nfinally analyse the evolution of iron conductivity in the core of smaller\nplanets such as Earth and Venus as well as exoplanets: as planets cool off, the\nsupercritical core undergoes the transition to the rigid-liquid conducting\nstate at the Frenkel line.",
        "positive": "Numerical estimates of square lattice star vertex exponents: We implement parallel versions of the GARM and Wang-Landau algorithms for\nstars and for acyclic uniform branched networks in the square lattice. These\nare models of monodispersed branched polymers, and we estimate the star vertex\nexponents $\\sigma_f$ for $f$-stars, and the entropic exponent\n$\\gamma_\\mathcal{G}$ for networks with comb and brush connectivity in two\ndimensions. Our results verify the predicted (but not rigorously proven) exact\nvalues of the vertex exponents and we test the scaling relation [5] $$\n\\gamma_{\\mathcal{G}}-1 = \\sum_{f\\geq 1} m_f \\, \\sigma_f $$ for the branched\nnetworks in two dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probing the excitation spectrum of a Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover\n  regime: We measure excitation spectra of an ultracold gas of fermionic $^{40}$K atoms\nin the BCS-BEC crossover regime. The measurements are performed with a novel\nspectroscopy that employs a small modulation of the B-field close to a Feshbach\nresonance to give rise to a modulation of the interaction strength. With this\nmethod we observe both a collective excitation as well as the dissociation of\nfermionic atom pairs in the strongly interacting regime. The excitation spectra\nreveal the binding energy / excitation gap for pairs in the crossover region.",
        "positive": "Timescales, dynamical phase transitions and 3rd order phase transitions\n  in the 1d anisotropic XY model: Recent research into time-integrated observables has revealed a special class\nof states which cap- ture the singular features of the generating functions of\nthose observables, as estimated by full counting statistics (FCS). In this work\nwe extend the results of [Phys. Rev. B 87 184303 (2013)] to the 1d anisotropic\nXY -model and find a set of FCS critical points associated with the\ntime-integrated transverse magnetization and anisotropy. We show dynamical\nphase transitions (DPTs) as defined in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 135704 (2013)] do\nnot emerge on quenching the states associated with the time-integrated\nanisotropy across FCS critical points. We also study the timescales required to\nprepare the associated special states of the transverse magnetization using\nappropriate Markovian baths and find they are independent of the number of\nspins in the chain. However the probability to evolve to such a state decreases\ndrastically with increasing system size due to dissipation. Thus when preparing\nsuch states it is preferable to use few body systems and to reach the\nthermodynamic limit it is necessary to use an ancillary system in conjunction\nwith the Markovian baths."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Persistence in the Voter model: continuum reaction-diffusion approach: We investigate the persistence probability in the Voter model for dimensions\nd\\geq 2. This is achieved by mapping the Voter model onto a continuum\nreaction-diffusion system. Using path integral methods, we compute the\npersistence probability r(q,t), where q is the number of ``opinions'' in the\noriginal Voter model. We find r(q,t)\\sim exp[-f_2(q)(ln t)^2] in d=2;\nr(q,t)\\sim exp[-f_d(q)t^{(d-2)/2}] for 2<d<4; r(q,t)\\sim exp[-f_4(q)t/ln t] in\nd=4; and r(q,t)\\sim exp[-f_d(q)t] for d>4. The results of our analysis are\nchecked by Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Deconfined-critical behavior of the VBS- and nematic-order parameters\n  for the spatially anisotropic S=1-spin model: The phase transition between the valence-bond-solid (VBS) and nematic phases,\nthe so-called deconfined criticality, was investigated for the quantum S=1-spin\nmodel on the spatially anisotropic triangular lattice with the biquadratic\ninteraction by means of the numerical diagonalization method. We calculated\nboth VBS- and nematic-order parameters, aiming to clarify the nature of this\ntransition from complementary viewpoints. Simulating the clusters with N \\le 20\nspins, we estimate the correlation-length critical exponent as \\nu=0.95(14). We\nalso calculated Fisher's exponent (anomalous dimension) for each order\nparameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sampling microcanonical measures of the 2D Euler equations through\n  Creutz's algorithm: a phase transition from disorder to order when energy is\n  increased: The 2D Euler equations is the basic example of fluid models for which a\nmicrocanical measure can be constructed from first principles. This measure is\ndefined through finite-dimensional approximations and a limiting procedure.\nCreutz's algorithm is a microcanonical generalization of the Metropolis-Hasting\nalgorithm (to sample Gibbs measures, in the canonical ensemble). We prove that\nCreutz's algorithm can sample finite-dimensional approximations of the 2D Euler\nmicrocanonical measures (incorporating fixed energy and other invariants). This\nis essential as microcanonical and canonical measures are known to be\ninequivalent at some values of energy and vorticity distribution. Creutz's\nalgorithm is used to check predictions from the mean-field statistical\nmechanics theory of the 2D Euler equations (the Robert-Sommeria-Miller theory).\nWe found full agreement with theory. Three different ways to compute the\ntemperature give consistent results. Using Creutz's algorithm, a first-order\nphase transition never observed previously, and a situation of statistical\nensemble inequivalence are found and studied. Strikingly, and contrasting usual\nstatistical mechanics interpretations, this phase transition appears from a\ndisordered phase to an ordered phase (with less symmetries) when energy is\nincreased. We explain this paradox.",
        "positive": "Exact Dirac-Bogoliubov-de Gennes Dynamics for Inhomogeneous Quantum\n  Liquids: We study inhomogeneous 1+1-dimensional quantum many-body systems described by\nTomonaga-Luttinger-liquid theory with general propagation velocity and\nLuttinger parameter varying smoothly in space, equivalent to an inhomogeneous\ncompactification radius for free boson conformal field theory. This model\nappears prominently in low-energy descriptions, including for trapped ultracold\natoms, while here we present an application to quantum Hall edges with\ninhomogeneous interactions. The dynamics is shown to be governed by a pair of\ncoupled continuity equations identical to inhomogeneous Dirac-Bogoliubov-de\nGennes equations with a local gap and solved by analytical means. We obtain\ntheir exact Green's functions and scattering matrix using a Magnus expansion,\nwhich generalize previous results for conformal interfaces and quantum wires\ncoupled to leads. Our results explicitly describe the late-time evolution\nfollowing quantum quenches, including inhomogeneous interaction quenches, and\nAndreev reflections between coupled quantum Hall edges, revealing a remarkably\nuniversal dependence on details at stationarity or at late times out of\nequilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear Barab\u00e1si-Albert Network: In recent years there has been considerable interest in the structure and\ndynamics of complex networks. One of the most studied networks is the linear\nBarab\\'asi-Albert model. Here we investigate the nonlinear Barab\\'asi-Albert\ngrowing network. In this model, a new node connects to a vertex of degree $k$\nwith a probability proportional to $k^{\\alpha}$ ($\\alpha$ real). Each vertex\nadds $m$ new edges to the network. We derive an analytic expression for the\ndegree distribution $P(k)$ which is valid for all values of $m$ and $\\alpha \\le\n1$. In the limit $\\alpha \\to -\\infty$ the network is homogeneous. If $\\alpha >\n1$ there is a gel phase with $m$ super-connected nodes. It is proposed a\nformula for the clustering coefficient which is in good agreement with\nnumerical simulations. The assortativity coefficient $r$ is determined and it\nis shown that the nonlinear Barab\\'asi-Albert network is assortative\n(disassortative) if $\\alpha < 1$ ($\\alpha > 1$) and no assortative only when\n$\\alpha = 1$. In the limit $\\alpha \\to -\\infty$ the assortativity coefficient\ncan be exactly calculated. We find $r=7/13$ when $m=2$. Finally, the minimum\naverage shortest path length $l_{min}$ is numerically evaluated. Increasing the\nnetwork size, $l_{min}$ diverges for $\\alpha \\le 1$ and it is equal to 1 when\n$\\alpha > 1$.",
        "positive": "Boundary critical behavior of the three-dimensional Heisenberg\n  universality class: We study the boundary critical behavior of the three-dimensional Heisenberg\nuniversality class, in the presence of a bidimensional surface. By means of\nhigh-precision Monte Carlo simulations of an improved lattice model, where\nleading bulk scaling corrections are suppressed, we prove the existence of a\nspecial phase transition, with unusual exponents, and of an extraordinary phase\nwith logarithmically decaying correlations. These findings contrast with\nna\\\"ive arguments on the bulk-surface phase diagram, and allow us to explain\nsome recent puzzling results on the boundary critical behavior of quantum spin\nmodels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Maximal planar networks with large clustering coefficient\n  and power-law degree distribution\": This Comment corrects the error which appeared in the calculation of the\ndegree distribution of random apollonian networks. As a result, the expression\nof $P(k)$, which gives the probability that a randomly selected node has\nexactly $k$ edges, has the form $P(k)\\propto 1/[k(k+1)(k+2)]$.",
        "positive": "Shortcut engineering of active matter: run-and-tumble particles: Shortcut engineering consists of a class of approaches to rapidly manipulate\nphysical systems by means of specially designed external controls. In this\nLetter, we apply these approaches to run-and-tumble particles, which are\ndesigned to mimic the chemotactic behavior of bacteria and therefore exhibit\ncomplex dynamics due to their self-propulsion and random reorientation, making\nthem difficult to control. Following a recent successful application to active\nBrownian particles, we find a general solution for the rapid control of 1D\nrun-and-tumble particles in a harmonic potential. We demonstrate the\neffectiveness of our approach using numerical simulations and show that it can\nlead to a significant speedup compared to simple quenched protocols. Our\nresults extend shortcut engineering to a wider class of active systems and\ndemonstrate that it is a promising tool for controlling the dynamics of active\nmatter, which has implications for a wide range of applications in fields such\nas materials science and biophysics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Granular Rough Sphere in a Low-Density Thermal Bath: We study the stationary state of a rough granular sphere immersed in a\nthermal bath composed of point particles. When the center of mass of the sphere\nis fixed the stationary angular velocity distribution is shown to be Gaussian\nwith an effective temperature lower than that of the bath. For a freely moving\nrough sphere coupled to the thermostat via inelastic collisions we find a\ncondition under which the joint distribution of the translational and\nrotational velocities is a product of Gaussian distributions with the same\neffective temperature. In this rather unexpected case we derive a formula for\nthe stationary energy flow from the thermostat to the sphere in accordance with\nFourier law.",
        "positive": "Slow spin relaxation in a highly polarized cooperative paramagnet: We report measurements of the ac susceptibility of the cooperative paramagnet\nTb2Ti2O7 in a strong magnetic field. Our data show the expected saturation\nmaximum in chi(T) and also an unexpected low frequency dependence (< 1 Hz) of\nthis peak, suggesting very slow spin relaxations are occurring. Measurements on\nsamples diluted with nonmagnetic Y3+ or Lu3+ and complementary measurements on\npure and diluted Dy2Ti2O7 strongly suggest that the relaxation is associated\nwith dipolar spin correlations, representing unusual cooperative behavior in a\nparamagnetic system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A chemical reaction network implementation of a Maxwell demon: We study an autonomous model of a Maxwell demon that works by rectifying\nthermal fluctuations of chemical reactions. It constitutes the chemical analog\nof a recently studied electronic demon. We characterize its scaling behavior in\nthe macroscopic limit, its performances, and the impact of potential internal\ndelays. We obtain analytical expressions for all quantities of interest,\nnamely, the generated reverse chemical current, the output power, the\ntransduction efficiency, and the correlations between the numbers of molecules.\nDue to a bound on the nonequilibrium response of its chemical reaction network,\nwe find that, contrary to the electronic case, there is no way for the Maxwell\ndemon to generate a finite output in the macroscopic limit. Finally, we analyze\nthe information thermodynamics of the Maxwell demon from a bipartite\nperspective. In the limit of a fast demon, the information flow is obtained,\nits pattern in the state space is discussed, and the behavior of the partial\nefficiencies related to the measurement and the feedback processes is examined.",
        "positive": "Universal behavior of the Shannon mutual information in non-integrable\n  self-dual quantum chains: An existing conjecture states that the Shannon mutual information contained\nin the ground state wavefunction of conformally invariant quantum chains, on\nperiodic lattices, has a leading finite-size scaling behavior that, similarly\nas the von Neumann entanglement entropy, depends on the value of the central\ncharge of the underlying conformal field theory describing the physical\nproperties. This conjecture applies whenever the ground state wavefunction is\nexpressed in some special basis (conformal basis). Its formulation comes mainly\nfrom numerical evidences on exactly integrable quantum chains. In this paper\nthe above conjecture was tested for several general non-integrable quantum\nchains. We introduce new families of self-dual $Z(Q)$ symmetric quantum chains\n($Q=2,3,\\ldots$). These quantum chains contain nearest neighbour as well\nnext-nearest neighbour interactions (coupling constant $p$). In the cases $Q=2$\nand $Q=3$ they are extensions of the standard quantum Ising and 3-state Potts\nchains, respectively. For $Q=4$ and $Q\\geq 5$ they are extensions of the\nAshkin-Teller and $Z(Q)$ parafermionic quantum chains. Our studies indicate\nthat these models are interesting on their own. They are critical, conformally\ninvariant, and share the same universality class in a continuous critical line.\nMoreover, our numerical analysis for $Q=2-8$ indicate that the Shannon mutual\ninformation exhibits the conjectured behaviour irrespective if the conformally\ninvariant quantum chain is exactly integrable or not. For completeness we also\ncalculated, for these new families of quantum chains, the two existing\ngeneralizations of the Shannon mutual information, which are based on the\nR\\'enyi entropy and on the R\\'enyi divergence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bipartite Mean Field Spin Systems. Existence and Solution: A mean field spin system consisting two interacting groups each with\nhomogeneous interaction coefficients is introduced and studied. Existence of\nthe thermodynamic limit is shown by an asymptotic sub-addittivity method and\nfactorization of correlation functions is proved almost everywhere. The free\nenergy solution of the model is obtained by upper and lower bounds and by\nshowing that their difference vanishes for large volumes.",
        "positive": "Exponential and power law distribution of mass clusters in a\n  (magnetic-like) deposition model of elongated grains in 2D piles: A generalized so called magnetically controlled ballistic rain-like\ndeposition (MBD) model of granular piles has been numerically investigated in\n2D. The grains are taken to be elongated disks whence characterized by a\ntwo-state scalar degree of freedom, called ''nip'', their interaction being\ndescribed through a Hamiltonian. Results are discussed in order to search for\nthe effect of nip flip (or grain rotation from vertical to horizontal and\nconversely) probability in building a granular pile. The characteristics of\ncreation of + (or $-$) nip's clusters and clusters of holes (missing nips) are\nanalyzed. Two different cluster-mass regimes have been identified, through the\ncluster-mass distribution function which can be exponential or have a power law\nform depending on whether the nip flip (or grain rotation) probability is large\nor small. Analytical forms of the exponent are empirically found in terms of\nthe Hamiltonian parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy and Ionic Conductivity: It is known that the ionic conductivity can be obtained by using the\ndiffusion constant and the Einstein relation. We derive it here by extracting\nit from the steady electric current which we calculate in three ways, using\nstatistics analysis, an entropy method, and an entropy production approach.",
        "positive": "Steady state of overdamped particles in the non-conservative force field\n  of a simple non-linear model of optical trap: Optically trapped particles are often subject to a non-conservative\nscattering force arising from radiation pressure. In this paper we present an\nexact solution for the steady state statistics of an overdamped Brownian\nparticle subjected to a commonly used force field model for an optical trap.\nThe model is the simplest of its kind that takes into account non-conservative\nforces. In particular, we present exact results for certain marginals of the\nfull three dimensional steady state probability distribution as well as results\nfor the toroidal probability currents which are present in the steady state, as\nwell as for the circulation of theses currents. Our analytical results are\nconfirmed by numerical solution of the steady state Fokker-Planck equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Urn model of separation of sand: We introduce an urn model which describes spatial separation of sand. In this\ndynamical model, in a certain range of parameters spontaneous symmetry breaking\ntakes place and equipartitioning of sand into two compartments is broken. The\nsteady-state equation for an order parameter, a critical line, and the\ntricritical point on the phase diagram are found exactly. Master equation and\nthe first-passage problem for the model are solved numerically and the results\nare used to locate first-order transitions. Exponential divergence of a certain\ncharacteristic time shows that the model can also exhibit very strong\nmetastability. In certain cases characteristic time diverges as N^{z}, where N\nis the number of balls and z=1/2 (critical line), 2/3 (tricritical point), or\n1/3 (limits of stability).",
        "positive": "Shocks, rarefaction waves, and current fluctuations for anharmonic\n  chains: The nonequilibrium dynamics of anharmonic chains is studied by imposing an\ninitial domain-wall state, in which the two half lattices are prepared in\nequilibrium with distinct parameters. We analyse the Riemann problem for the\ncorresponding Euler equations and, in specific cases, compare with molecular\ndynamics. Additionally, the fluctuations of time-integrated currents are\ninvestigated. In analogy with the KPZ equation, their typical fluctuations\nshould be of size $t^{1/3}$ and have a Tracy-Widom GUE distributed amplitude.\nThe proper extension to anharmonic chains is explained and tested through\nmolecular dynamics. Our results are calibrated against the stochastic LeRoux\nlattice gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics in the Limit of Irreversible Reactions: For many real physico-chemical complex systems detailed mechanism includes\nboth reversible and irreversible reactions. Such systems are typical in\nhomogeneous combustion and heterogeneous catalytic oxidation. Most complex\nenzyme reactions include irreversible steps. The classical thermodynamics has\nno limit for irreversible reactions whereas the kinetic equations may have such\na limit. We represent the systems with irreversible reactions as the limits of\nthe fully reversible systems when some of the equilibrium concentrations tend\nto zero. The structure of the limit reaction system crucially depends on the\nrelative rates of this tendency to zero. We study the dynamics of the limit\nsystem and describe its limit behavior as $t \\to \\infty$. If the reversible\nsystems obey the principle of detailed balance then the limit system with some\nirreversible reactions must satisfy the {\\em extended principle of detailed\nbalance}. It is formulated and proven in the form of two conditions: (i) the\nreversible part satisfies the principle of detailed balance and (ii) the convex\nhull of the stoichiometric vectors of the irreversible reactions does not\nintersect the linear span of the stoichiometric vectors of the reversible\nreactions. These conditions imply the existence of the global Lyapunov\nfunctionals and alow an algebraic description of the limit behavior. The\nthermodynamic theory of the irreversible limit of reversible reactions is\nillustrated by the analysis of hydrogen combustion.",
        "positive": "Time-fractional diffusion of distributed order: The partial differential equation of Gaussian diffusion is generalized by\nusing the time-fractional derivative of distributed order between 0 and 1, in\nboth the Riemann-Liouville (R-L) and the Caputo (C) sense. For a general\ndistribution of time orders we provide the fundamental solution, that is still\na probability density, in terms of an integral of Laplace type. The kernel\ndepends on the type of the assumed fractional derivative except for the single\norder case where the two approaches turn to be equivalent. We consider with\nsome detail two cases of order distribution: the double-order and the uniformly\ndistributed order. For these cases we exhibit plots of the corresponding\nfundamental solutions and their variance, pointing out the remarkable\ndifference between the two approaches for small and large times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maximum configuration principle for driven systems with arbitrary\n  driving: Depending on context, the term entropy is used for a thermodynamic quantity,\na~measure of available choice, a quantity to measure information, or, in the\ncontext of statistical inference, a maximum configuration predictor. For\nsystems in equilibrium or processes without memory, the mathematical expression\nfor these different concepts of entropy appears to be the so-called\nBoltzmann--Gibbs--Shannon entropy, H.For processes with memory, such as driven-\nor self-reinforcing-processes, this is no longer true: the different entropy\nconcepts lead to distinct functionals that generally differ from H. Here we\nfocus on the maximum configuration entropy (that predicts empirical\ndistribution functions) in the context of driven dissipative systems. We\ndevelop the corresponding framework and derive the entropy functional that\ndescribes the distribution of observable states as a function of the details of\nthe driving process. We do this for sample space reducing (SSR) processes,\nwhich provide an analytically tractable model for driven dissipative systems\nwith controllable driving. The fact that a consistent framework for a maximum\nconfiguration entropy exists for arbitrarily driven non-equilibrium systems\nopens the possibility of deriving a full statistical theory of driven\ndissipative systems of this kind. This provides us with the technical means\nneeded~to derive a thermodynamic theory of driven processes based on a\nstatistical theory. We discuss the Legendre structure for driven systems.",
        "positive": "Correlation duality relations for the ($N_\u03b1, N_\u03b2$) model: Duality relations for the correlation functions of $n$ sites on the boundary\nof a planar lattice are derived for the $(N_{\\alpha}, N_{\\beta})$ model of\nDomany and Riedel for $n=2,3$. Our result holds for arbitrary lattices which\ncan have nonuniform interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations and the existence of potential in dissipative semiclassical\n  systems: We examine the weak noise limit of an overdamped dissipative system within a\nsemiclassical description and show how quantization influences the growth and\ndecay of fluctuations of the thermally equilibrated systems. We trace its\norigin in a semiclassical counterpart of the generalized potential for the\ndissipative system.",
        "positive": "Unbiased estimators for spatial distribution functions of classical\n  fluids: We use a statistical-mechanical identity closely related to the familiar\nvirial theorem, to derive unbiased estimators for spatial distribution\nfunctions of classical fluids. In particular, we obtain estimators for both the\nfluid density rho(r) in the vicinity of a fixed solute, and for the pair\ncorrelation g(r) of a homogeneous classical fluid. We illustrate the utility of\nour estimators with numerical examples, which reveal advantages over\ntraditional histogram-based methods of computing such distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of the First and Second Kind: Averages and\n  Fluctuations: We compare two approaches to nonequilibrium thermodynamics, the two-generator\nbracket formulation of time-evolution equations for averages and the\nmacroscopic fluctuation theory, for an isothermal driven diffusive system under\nsteady state conditions. The fluctuation dissipation relations of both\napproaches play an important role for a detailed comparison. The nonequilibrium\nHelmholtz free energies introduced in these two approaches differ as a result\nof boundary conditions. A Fokker-Planck equation derived by projection operator\ntechniques properly reproduces long range fluctuations in nonequilibrium steady\nstates and offers the most promising possibility to describe the physically\nrelevant fluctuations around macroscopic averages for time-dependent\nnonequilibrium systems.",
        "positive": "Space-time Phase Transitions in Driven Kinetically Constrained Lattice\n  Models: Kinetically constrained models (KCMs) have been used to study and understand\nthe origin of glassy dynamics. Despite having trivial thermodynamic properties,\ntheir dynamics slows down dramatically at low temperatures while displaying\ndynamical heterogeneity as seen in glass forming supercooled liquids. This\ndynamics has its origin in an ergodic-nonergodic first-order phase transition\nbetween phases of distinct dynamical \"activity\". This is a \"space-time\"\ntransition as it corresponds to a singular change in ensembles of trajectories\nof the dynamics rather than ensembles of configurations. Here we extend these\nideas to driven glassy systems by considering KCMs driven into non-equilibrium\nsteady states through non-conservative forces. By classifying trajectories\nthrough their entropy production we prove that driven KCMs also display an\nanalogous first-order space-time transition between dynamical phases of finite\nand vanishing entropy production. We also discuss how trajectories with rare\nvalues of entropy production can be realized as typical trajectories of a\nmapped system with modified forces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random walk and Pair-Annihilation Processes on Scale-Free Networks: We investigate the dynamic scaling properties of stochastic particle systems\non a non-deterministic scale-free network. It has been known that the dynamic\nscaling behavior depends on the degree distribution exponent of the underlying\nscale-free network. Our study shows that it also depends on the global\nstructure of the underlying network. In random walks on the tree structure\nscale-free network, we find that the relaxation time follows a power-law\nscaling $\\tau\\sim N$ with the network size $N$. And the random walker return\nprobability decays algebraically with the decay exponent which varies from node\nto node. On the other hand, in random walks on the looped scale-free network,\nthey do not show the power-law scaling. We also study a pair-annihilation\nprocess on the scale-free network with the tree and the looped structure,\nrespectively. We find that the particle density decays algebraically in time\nboth cases, but with the different exponent.",
        "positive": "Viscosity and Microscopic Chaos : The Helfand-moment Approach: In this thesis, we first devote a section on the history of the concept of\nirreversibility; of the hydrodynamics, branch of physics in which the viscosity\nappears; of the kinetic theory of gases establishing relationships between the\nmicroscopic dynamics and macroscopic processes like viscosity; and, finally,\nthe interest brought in statistical mechanics of irreversible processes by the\ntheory of chaos, more precisely, the microscopic chaos. We propose a method\nbased on the Helfand moment in order to calculate the viscosity properties in\nsystems of particles with periodic boundary conditions. We apply this method to\nthe simplest system in which viscosity already exists: the two-hard-disk model.\nThe escape-rate formalism, establishing a direct relation between chaotic\nquantities of the microscopic dynamics (e.g. Lyapunov exponents, fractal\ndimensions, etc.), is applied in this system. The results are in excellent\nagreement with those obtained by our Helfand-moment method. We extend the\ncalculation of the viscosity properties to systems with more than two hard\nballs. Finally, we compute viscosity as well as thermal conductivity thanks to\nour own method also based on the Helfand moment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fourier's Law confirmed for a class of small quantum systems: Within the Lindblad formalism we consider an interacting spin chain coupled\nlocally to heat baths. We investigate the dependence of the energy transport on\nthe type of interaction in the system as well as on the overall interaction\nstrength. For a large class of couplings we find a normal heat conduction and\nconfirm Fourier's Law. In a fully quantum mechanical approach linear transport\nbehavior appears to be generic even for small quantum systems.",
        "positive": "An exact sampling scheme for Brownian motion in the presence of a\n  magnetic field: Langevin equation pertinent to diffusion limited aggregation of charged\nparticles in the presence of an external magnetic field is solved exactly. The\nsolution involves correlated random variables. A new scheme for exactly\nsampling the components of the position and velocity is proposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical Study of Local and Global Persistence in Directed Percolation: The local persistence probability P_l(t) that a site never becomes active up\nto time t, and the global persistence probability P_g(t) that the deviation of\nthe global density from its mean value rho(t)-<\\rho(t)> does not change its\nsign up to time t are studied in a one-dimensional directed percolation process\nby Monte Carlo simulations. At criticality, starting from random initial\nconditions, both P_l(t) and P_g(t) decay algebraically with exponents theta_l ~\ntheta_g ~ 1.50(2), which is in contrast to previously known cases where theta_g\n< theta_l. The exponents are found to be independent of the initial density and\nthe microscopic details of the dynamics, suggesting that theta_l and theta_g\nare universal exponents. It is shown that in the special case of directed-bond\npercolation, P_l(t) can be related to a certain return probability of a\ndirected percolation process with an active source (wet wall).",
        "positive": "Quantum work statistics of linear and nonlinear parametric oscillators: We consider the nonequilibrium work distribution of a quantum oscillator with\nmodulated angular frequency. We examine the discrete-to-continuous transition\nof the distribution as the temperature and the degree of nonadiabaticity of the\nfrequency transformation are increased. We further develop a perturbative\napproach to analyze the effect of weak quartic anharmonicities, as well as of a\nrandom electric field on a charged oscillator. We find in both cases that the\ndegree of nonadiabaticity is enhanced by the perturbation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gibbs, Boltzmann, and negative temperatures: In a recent paper, Dunkel and Hilbert [Nature Physics 10, 67-72 (2014)] use\nan entropy definition due to Gibbs to provide a 'consistent thermostatistics'\nwhich forbids negative absolute temperatures. Here we argue that the Gibbs\nentropy fails to satisfy a basic requirement of thermodynamics, namely that\nwhen two bodies are in thermal equilibrium, they should be at the same\ntemperature. The entropy definition due to Boltzmann does meet this test, and\nmoreover in the thermodynamic limit can be shown to satisfy Dunkel and\nHilbert's consistency criterion. Thus, far from being forbidden, negative\ntemperatures are inevitable, in systems with bounded energy spectra.",
        "positive": "Glassy states: the free Ising model on a tree: We consider the ferromagnetic Ising model on the Cayley tree and we\ninvestigate the decomposition of the free state into extremal states below the\nspin glass temperature. We show that this decomposition has uncountably many\ncomponents. The tail observable showing that the free state is not extremal is\nrelated to the Edwards-Anderson parameter, measuring the variance of the\n(random) magnetization obtained from drawing boundary conditions from the free\nstate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Origin of the slow growth of entanglement entropy in long-range\n  interacting spin systems: Long-range interactions allow far-distance quantum correlations to build up\nvery fast. Nevertheless, numerical simulations demonstrated a dramatic slowdown\nof entanglement entropy growth after a sudden quench. In this work, we unveil\nthe general mechanism underlying this counterintuitive phenomenon for\n$d$-dimensional quantum spin systems with slowly-decaying interactions. We\ndemonstrate that the semiclassical rate of collective spin squeezing governs\nthe dynamics of entanglement, leading to a universal logarithmic growth in the\nabsence of semiclassical chaos. In fact, the standard quasiparticle\ncontribution is shown to get suppressed as the interaction range is\nsufficiently increased. All our analytical results agree with numerical\ncomputations for quantum Ising chains with long-range couplings. Our findings\nthus identify a qualitative change in the entanglement production induced by\nlong-range interactions, and are experimentally relevant for accessing\nentanglement in highly-controllable platforms, including trapped ions, atomic\ncondensates and cavity-QED systems.",
        "positive": "Order parameter scaling in fluctuation dominated phase ordering: In systems exhibiting fluctuation-dominated phase ordering, a single order\nparameter does not suffice to characterize the order, and it is necessary to\nmonitor a larger set. For hard-core sliding particles (SP) on a fluctuating\nsurface and the related coarse-grained depth (CD) models, this set comprises\nthe long-wavelength Fourier components of the density profile. We study both\nstatic and dynamic scaling laws obeyed by the Fourier modes $Q_m$ and find that\nthe mean value obeys the static scaling law $\\langle Q_m \\rangle \\sim\nL^{-\\phi}f(m/L)$ with $\\phi\\simeq2/3$ and $\\phi \\simeq 3/5$ with\nEdwards-Wilkinson (EW) and Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) surface evolution\nrespectively. The full probability distribution $P(Q_m)$ exhibits scaling as\nwell. Further, time-dependent correlation functions such as the steady state\nauto-correlation and cross-correlations of order parameter components are\nscaling functions of $t/L^z$, where $L$ is the system size and $z$ is the\ndynamic exponent with $z=2$ for EW and $z=3/2$ for KPZ surface evolution. In\naddition we find that the CD model shows temporal intermittency, manifested in\nthe dynamical structure functions of the density and a weak divergence of the\nflatness as the scaled time approaches zero."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Randomly dilute spin models with cubic symmetry: We study the combined effect of cubic anisotropy and quenched uncorrelated\nimpurities on multicomponent spin models. For this purpose, we consider the\nfield-theoretical approach based on the Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson $\\phi^4$\nHamiltonian with cubic-symmetric quartic interactions and quenched randomness\ncoupled to the local energy density. We compute the renormalization-group\nfunctions to six loops in the fixed-dimension (d=3) perturbative scheme. The\nanalysis of such high-order series provides an accurate description of the\nrenormalization-group flow. The results are also used to determine the critical\nbehavior of three-dimensional antiferromagnetic three- and four-state Potts\nmodels in the presence of quenched impurities.",
        "positive": "Identifying Functional Thermodynamics in Autonomous Maxwellian Ratchets: We introduce a family of Maxwellian Demons for which correlations among\ninformation bearing degrees of freedom can be calculated exactly and in compact\nanalytical form. This allows one to precisely determine Demon functional\nthermodynamic operating regimes, when previous methods either misclassify or\nsimply fail due to approximations they invoke. This reveals that these Demons\nare more functional than previous candidates. They too behave either as\nengines, lifting a mass against gravity by extracting energy from a single heat\nreservoir, or as Landauer erasers, consuming external work to remove\ninformation from a sequence of binary symbols by decreasing their individual\nuncertainty. Going beyond these, our Demon exhibits a new functionality that\nerases bits not by simply decreasing individual-symbol uncertainty, but by\nincreasing inter-bit correlations (that is, by adding temporal order) while\nincreasing single-symbol uncertainty. In all cases, but especially in the new\nerasure regime, exactly accounting for informational correlations leads to\ntight bounds on Demon performance, expressed as a refined Second Law of\nThermodynamics that relies on the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy for dynamical\nprocesses and not on changes purely in system configurational entropy, as\npreviously employed. We rigorously derive the refined Second Law under minimal\nassumptions and so it applies quite broadly---for Demons with and without\nmemory and input sequences that are correlated or not. We note that general\nMaxwellian Demons readily violate previously proposed, alternative such bounds,\nwhile the current bound still holds."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On Truncated Generalized Gibbs Ensembles in the Ising Field Theory: We discuss the implementation of two different truncated Generalized Gibbs\nEnsembles (GGE) describing the stationary state after a mass quench process in\nthe Ising Field Theory. One truncated GGE is based on the semi-local charges of\nthe model, the other on regularized versions of its ultra-local charges. We\ntest the efficiency of the two different ensembles by comparing their\npredictions for the stationary state values of the single-particle Green's\nfunction $G(x) = \\langle \\psi^{\\dagger}(x) \\psi(0) \\rangle$ of the complex\nfermion field $\\psi(x)$. We find that both truncated GGEs are able to recover\n$G(x)$, but for a given number of charges the semi-local version performs\nbetter.",
        "positive": "Quasi-conserved quantities in the perturbed XXX spin chain: We consider the isotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg spin chain weakly perturbed by\na local translationally- and SU(2)-invariant perturbation. Starting from the\nlocal integrals of motion of the unperturbed model, we modify them in order to\nobtain quasi-conserved integrals of motion (charges) for the perturbed model.\nSuch quasi-conserved quantities are believed to be responsible for the\nexistence of the prethermalization phase at intermediate timescales. We find\nthat for a sufficiently local perturbation only the first few integrals of\nmotion can be promoted to the quasi-conserved charges, whereas higher-order\nintegrals of motion do not survive."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo simulation of quantum Potts model: Using Monte Carlo simulations in the frame of stochastic series expansion\n(SSE), we study the three-state quantum Potts model. The cluster algorithm we\nused is a direct generalization of that for the quantum Ising model. The\nsimulations include the one dimensional and two dimensional ferromagnetic\nthree-state quantum Potts model and the two dimensional antiferromagnetic\nthree-state quantum Potts model. Our results show that the phase transition of\nthe one dimensional ferromagnetic quantum Potts model belongs to the same\nuniversality class of the two dimensional classical Potts model, the two\ndimensional ferromagnetic quantum Potts model undergoes a first order\ntransition, which is also in analogy to its classical correspondence. The phase\ntransition of the antiferromagnetic quantum Potts model is continuous, whose\nuniversality class belongs to the three-dimensional classical XY model, owing\nto an `emergent' O(2) symmetry at the critical point, although its ordered\nphase breaks the Z_6 symmetry.",
        "positive": "Lattice Abelian-Higgs model with noncompact gauge fields: We consider a noncompact lattice formulation of the three-dimensional\nelectrodynamics with $N$-component complex scalar fields, i.e., the lattice\nAbelian-Higgs model with noncompact gauge fields. For any $N\\ge 2$, the phase\ndiagram shows three phases differing for the behavior of the scalar-field and\ngauge-field correlations: the Coulomb phase (short-ranged scalar and\nlong-ranged gauge correlations), the Higgs phase (condensed scalar-field and\ngapped gauge correlations), and the molecular phase (condensed scalar-field and\nlong-ranged gauge correlations). They are separated by three transition lines\nmeeting at a multicritical point. Their nature depends on the coexisting phases\nand on the number $N$ of components of the scalar field. In particular, the\nCoulomb-to-molecular transition line (where gauge correlations are irrelevant)\nis associated with the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson $\\Phi^4$ theory sharing the same\nSU($N$) global symmetry but without explicit gauge fields. On the other hand,\nthe Coulomb-to-Higgs transition line (where gauge correlations are relevant)\nturns out to be described by the continuum Abelian-Higgs field theory with\nexplicit gauge fields. Our numerical study is based on finite-size scaling\nanalyses of Monte Carlo simulations with $C^*$ boundary conditions (appropriate\nfor lattice systems with noncompact gauge variables, unlike periodic boundary\nconditions), for several values of $N$, i.e., $N=2, 4, 10, 15$, and $25$. The\nnumerical results agree with the renormalization-group predictions of the\ncontinuum field theories. In particular, the Coulomb-to-Higgs transitions are\ncontinuous for $N\\gtrsim 10$, in agreement with the predictions of the\nAbelian-Higgs field theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ageing in homogeneous systems at criticality: Ageing phenomena are observed in a large variety of dynamical systems\nexhibiting a slow relaxation from a non-equilibrium initial state. Ageing can\nbe characterised in terms of the linear response R(t,s) at time t to a local\nperturbation at time s<t. Usually one distinguishes two dynamical regimes,\nnamely, the quasi-stationary regime, where the response is translationally\ninvariant in time, and the ageing regime, where this invariance is broken. In\ngeneral these two regimes are separate in the sense that the two limits of (a)\ntaking t,s to infinity while keeping t/s fixed, and (b) taking t,s to infinity\nwith fixed t-s, give different results. In recent years, ageing was also\ninvestigated in the context of homogeneous critical systems such as the\nGlauber-Ising model and the contact process. Here we argue that, in contrast to\na widespread believe, homogeneous critical systems do not have a separate\nquasi-stationary regime, hence the two limits do commute. Moreover, it is\ndiscussed under which conditions two particular exponents, denoted as a and a'\nin the literature, have to be identical.",
        "positive": "Comment on `Detailed balance has a counterpart in non-equilibrium steady\n  states': Transition rates in continuously driven steady states were derived in [Evans\nR M L, 2005 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 38, 293] by demanding that no information\nother than the microscopic laws of motion and the macroscopic observables of\nthe system be used to describe it. In addition to the mean energy at\nequilibrium, and unlike them, these driven states have a finite throughput of\nflux. This implies that the (nonequilibrium) reservoir, to which the system is\nweakly coupled, is fully characterised by its mean energy and mean flux. While\nwe expect the resulting prescription for the rates in continuous and\ndiscretised time versions of models of real systems to be equivalent, it is not\ntrivial to see this from the expression for the rates derived previously. We\ndemonstrate this equivalence for a model of activated processes solved\npreviously for continuous time, thus demonstrating consistency of theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The fundamental solution of the space-time fractional diffusion equation: We deal with the Cauchy problem for the space-time fractional diffusion-wave\nequation, which is obtained from the standard diffusion equation by replacing\nthe second-order space derivative with a Riesz-Feller derivative of order alpha\nin (0,2] and skewness theta, and the first-order time derivative with a Caputo\nderivative of order beta in (0,2]. The fundamental solution is investigated\nwith respect to its scaling and similarity properties, starting from its\nFourier-Laplace representation. By using the Mellin transform, we provide a\ngeneral representation of the solution in terms of Mellin-Barnes integrals in\nthe complex plane, which allows us to extend the probability interpretation\nknown for the standard diffusion equation to suitable ranges of the relevant\nparameters alpha and beta. We derive explicit formulae (convergent series and\nasymptotic expansions), which enable us to plot the corresponding spatial\nprobability densities.",
        "positive": "Exact relations between damage spreading and thermodynamic functions for\n  the N-color Ashkin-Teller model: Exact results are derived relating quantities computable by the so-called\ndamage spreading method and thermodynamic functions for the N-color\nAshkin-Teller model. The results are valid for any ergodic dynamics. Since we\nrestrict our analysis to the ferromagnetic case the results are also valid for\nany translational invariant lattice. The derived relations should be used in\norder to determine numerically the N-color Ashkin-Teller critical exponents\nwith better accuracy and less computational efforts than standard Monte Carlo\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Characterization of the low temperature properties of a simplified\n  protein model: Prompted by results that showed that a simple protein model, the frustrated\nG\\=o model, appears to exhibit a transition reminiscent of the protein\ndynamical transition, we examine the validity of this model to describe the\nlow-temperature properties of proteins. First, we examine equilibrium\nfluctuations. We calculate its incoherent neutron-scattering structure factor\nand show that it can be well described by a theory using the one-phonon\napproximation. By performing an inherent structure analysis, we assess the\ntransitions among energy states at low temperatures. Then, we examine\nnon-equilibrium fluctuations after a sudden cooling of the protein. We\ninvestigate the violation of the fluctuation--dissipation theorem in order to\nanalyze the protein glass transition. We find that the effective temperature of\nthe quenched protein deviates from the temperature of the thermostat, however\nit relaxes towards the actual temperature with an Arrhenius behavior as the\nwaiting time increases. These results of the equilibrium and non-equilibrium\nstudies converge to the conclusion that the apparent dynamical transition of\nthis coarse-grained model cannot be attributed to a glassy behavior.",
        "positive": "Application of hermitean and nonhermitean random matrices to quantum\n  statistical systems: The Ginibre ensemble of nonhermitean random Hamiltonian matrices $K$ is\nconsidered. Each quantum system described by $K$ is a dissipative system and\nthe eigenenergies $Z_{i}$ of the Hamiltonian are complex-valued random\nvariables. The second difference of complex eigenenergies is viewed as discrete\nanalog of Hessian with respect to labelling index. The results are considered\nin view of Wigner and Dyson's electrostatic analogy. An extension of space of\ndynamics of random magnitudes is performed by introduction of discrete space of\nlabeling indices. The comparison with the Gaussian ensembles of random\nhermitean Hamiltonian matrices $H$ is performed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation in Random Graphs: A Finite Approach: We propose an approach to calculate the critical percolation threshold for\nfinite-sized Erdos-Renyi digraphs using minimal Hamiltonian cycles. We obtain\nan analytically exact result, valid non-asymptotically for all graph sizes,\nwhich scales in accordance with results obtained for infinite random graphs\nusing the emergence of a giant connected component as marking the percolation\ntransition. Our approach is general and can be applied to all graph models for\nwhich an algebraic formulation of the adjacency matrix is available.",
        "positive": "Calculation of critical exponents by self-similar factor approximants: The method of self-similar factor approximants is applied to calculating the\ncritical exponents of the O(N)-symmetric phi^4 theory and of the Ising glass.\nIt is demonstrated that this method, being much simpler than other known\ntechniques of series summation in calculating the critical exponents, at the\nsame time, yields the results that are in very good agreement with those of\nother rather complicated numerical methods. The principal advantage of the\nmethod of self-similar factor approximants is the combination of its\nextraordinary simplicity and high accuracy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "BEC in a star-comb graph: We investigate the properties of free bosons hopping on a star-comb network,\ndiscussing the single-particle spectrum and the main thermodynamic equilibrium\nproperties: Bose-Einstein critical temperature, fraction of condensate, and\nspatial boson distribution. We find an enhancement of the critical temperature\nwith respect to other inhomogeneous networks.",
        "positive": "Density dependent equations of state for metal, nonmetal, and transition\n  states for compressed mercury fluid: Analytical equations of state are presented for fluid mercury in metal,\nnonmetal, and in metal-nonmetal transition states. Equations of state for metal\nand nonmetal states are simple in form but the complexities of transition state\nleads to a complex fourth-order equation. The interatomic potential function\nused to describe the metal state have a hard repulsive wall, and that of\nnonmetal state is the same as potential function of non-polar fluid with\ninduced dipole intermolecular interaction. Metal-nonmetal transition occurs in\nthe liquid density range 11-8 g/cm3, and a density dependent interaction\npotential which gradually changes from a pure metal interaction to a nonmetal\ninteraction, on going from metal state to nonmetal state in the transition\nregion, is used. Well-depth and the position of potential minimum are presented\nas temperature dependent quantities; their calculated values for the metal\nstate are typically within 5.0% and 0.33% of the experimental value,\nrespectively. The calculated well-depth for nonmetal state is smaller than the\nexperimental value indicating the effect of high pressure PVT data used, which\npushes a pair of mercury atom further together into the repulsive side. In the\ntransition region, calculated well-depths are 2-3 order of magnitudes larger\nthan for the metal state, and contain a sharp rising edge and a steep falling\nhaving a singularity characteristic of phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Semi-classical quantisation of magnetic solitons in the anisotropic\n  Heisenberg quantum chain: Using the algebro-geometric approach, we study the structure of\nsemi-classical eigenstates in a weakly-anisotropic quantum Heisenberg spin\nchain. We outline how classical nonlinear spin waves governed by the\nanisotropic Landau-Lifshitz equation arise as coherent macroscopic low-energy\nfluctuations of the ferromagnetic ground state. Special emphasis is devoted to\nthe simplest types of solutions, describing precessional motion and elliptic\nmagnetisation waves. The internal magnon structure of classical spin waves is\nresolved by performing the semi-classical quantisation using the\nRiemann-Hilbert problem approach. We present an expression for the overlap of\ntwo semi-classical eigenstates and discuss how correlation functions at the\nsemi-classical level arise from classical phase-space averaging.",
        "positive": "Physically consistent numerical solver for time-dependent Fokker-Planck\n  equations: We present a simple thermodynamically consistent method for solving\ntime-dependent Fokker--Planck equations (FPE) for over-damped stochastic\nprocesses, also known as Smoluchowski equations. It yields both transition and\nsteady-state behavior and allows for computations of moment-generating and\nlarge-deviation functions of observables defined along stochastic trajectories,\nsuch as the fluctuating particle current, heat and work. The key strategy is to\napproximate the FPE by a Master equation with transition rates in configuration\nspace that obey a local detailed balance condition for arbitrary\ndiscretization. Its time-dependent solution is obtained by a direct computation\nof the time-ordered exponential, representing the propagator of the FPE, by\nsumming over all possible paths in the discretized space. The method thus not\nonly preserves positivity and normalization of the solutions, but also yields a\nphysically reasonable total entropy production, regardless of the\ndiscretization. To demonstrate the validity of the method and to exemplify its\npotential for applications, we compare it against Brownian-dynamics simulations\nof a heat engine based on an active Brownian particle trapped in a\ntime-dependent quartic potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The dissipation-time uncertainty relation: We show that the dissipation rate bounds the rate at which physical processes\ncan be performed in stochastic systems far from equilibrium. Namely, for rare\nprocesses we prove the fundamental tradeoff $\\langle \\dot S_\\text{e} \\rangle\n\\mathcal{T} \\geq k_{\\text{B}} $ between the entropy flow $\\langle \\dot\nS_\\text{e} \\rangle$ into the reservoirs and the mean time $\\mathcal{T}$ to\ncomplete a process. This dissipation-time uncertainty relation is a novel form\nof speed limit: the smaller the dissipation, the larger the time to perform a\nprocess.",
        "positive": "Cumulative Merging Percolation and the epidemic transition of the\n  Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible model in networks: We consider cumulative merging percolation (CMP), a long-range percolation\nprocess describing the iterative merging of clusters in networks, depending on\ntheir mass and mutual distance. For a specific class of CMP processes, which\nrepresents a generalization of degree-ordered percolation, we derive a scaling\nsolution on uncorrelated complex networks, unveiling the existence of diverse\nmechanisms leading to the formation of a percolating cluster. The scaling\nsolution accurately reproduces universal properties of the transition. This\nfinding is used to infer the critical properties of the\nSusceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) model for epidemics in infinite and\nfinite power-law distributed networks. Here discrepancies between analytical\napproaches and numerical results regarding the finite size scaling of the\nepidemic threshold are a crucial open issue in the literature. We find that the\nscaling exponent assumes a nontrivial value during a long preasymptotic regime.\nWe calculate this value, finding good agreement with numerical evidence. We\nalso show that the crossover to the true asymptotic regime occurs for sizes\nmuch beyond currently feasible simulations. Our findings allow us to\nrationalize and reconcile all previously published results (both analytical and\nnumerical), thus ending a long-standing debate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Elements of a unified framework for response formulae: We provide a physical interpretation of the first and second order terms\noccurring in Ruelle's response formalism. We show that entropy fluxes play a\nmajor role in determining the response of the system to perturbations. Along\nthis line, we show that our framework allows one to recover a wealth of\nprevious results of response theory in both deterministic and stochastic\ncontexts. In particular, we are able to shed light on the crosslinks between\nthe dynamical systems approach \\'{a} la Ruelle and large deviations methods.",
        "positive": "Accurate Thermodynamics for Short-Ranged Truncations of Coulomb\n  Interactions in Site-Site Molecular Models: Coulomb interactions are present in a wide variety of all-atom force fields.\nSpherical truncations of these interactions permit fast simulations but are\nproblematic due to their incorrect thermodynamics. Herein we demonstrate that\nsimple analytical corrections for the thermodynamics of uniform truncated\nsystems are possible. In particular results for the SPC/E water model treated\nwith spherically-truncated Coulomb interactions suggested by local molecular\nfield theory [Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 19136 (2008)] are presented. We\nextend results developed by Chandler [J. Chem. Phys. 65, 2925 (1976)] so that\nwe may treat the thermodynamics of mixtures of flexible charged and uncharged\nmolecules simulated with spherical truncations. We show that the energy and\npressure of spherically-truncated bulk SPC/E water are easily corrected using\nexact second-moment-like conditions on long-ranged structure. Furthermore,\napplying the pressure correction as an external pressure removes the density\nerrors observed by other research groups in NPT simulations of\nspherically-truncated bulk species."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady State Thermodynamics for Heat Conduction -- Microscopic\n  Derivation: Starting from microscopic mechanics, we derive thermodynamic relations for\nheat conducting nonequilibrium steady states. The extended Clausius relation\nenables one to experimentally determine nonequilibrium entropy to the second\norder in the heat current. The associated Shannon-like microscopic expression\nof the entropy is suggestive. When the heat current is fixed, the extended\nGibbs relation provides a unified treatment of thermodynamic forces in linear\nnonequilibrium regime.",
        "positive": "Action diffusion and lifetimes of quasistationary states in the\n  Hamiltonian Mean Field model: Out-of-equilibrium quasistationary states (QSSs) are one of the signatures of\na broken ergodicity in long-range interacting systems. For the widely studied\nHamiltonian Mean-Field model, the lifetime of some QSSs has been shown to\ndiverge with the number N of degrees of freedom with a puzzling N^1.7 scaling\nlaw, contradicting the otherwise widespread N scaling law. It is shown here\nthat this peculiar scaling arises from the locality properties of the dynamics\ncaptured through the computation of the diffusion coefficient in terms of the\naction variable. The use of a mean first passage time approach proves to be\nsuccessful in explaining the non-trivial scaling at stake here, and sheds some\nlight on another case, where lifetimes diverging as e^N above some critical\nenergy have been reported."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal buckling and symmetry breaking in thin ribbons under compression: Understanding thin sheets, ranging from the macro to the nanoscale, can allow\ncontrol of mechanical properties such as deformability. Out-of-plane buckling\ndue to in-plane compression can be a key feature in designing new materials.\nWhile thin-plate theory can predict critical buckling thresholds for thin\nframes and nanoribbons at very low temperatures, a unifying framework to\ndescribe the effects of thermal fluctuations on buckling at more elevated\ntemperatures presents subtle difficulties. We develop and test a theoretical\napproach that includes both an in-plane compression and an out-of-plane\nperturbing field to describe the mechanics of thermalised ribbons above and\nbelow the buckling transition. We show that, once the elastic constants are\nrenormalised to take into account the ribbon's width (in units of the thermal\nlength scale), we can map the physics onto a mean-field treatment of buckling,\nprovided the length is short compared to a ribbon persistence length. Our\ntheoretical predictions are checked by extensive molecular dynamics simulations\nof thin thermalised ribbons under axial compression.",
        "positive": "Levy geometric graphs: We present a new family of graphs with remarkable properties. They are\nobtained by connecting the points of a random walk when their distance is\nsmaller than a given scale. Their degree (number of neighbors) does not depend\non the graph's size but only on the considered scale. It follows a Gamma\ndistribution and thus presents an exponential decay. Levy flights are\nparticular random walks with some power-law increments of infinite variance.\nWhen building the geometric graphs from them, we show from dimensional\narguments, that the number of connected components (clusters) follows an\ninverse power of the scale. The distribution of the size of their components,\nproperly normalized, is scale-invariant, which reflects the self-similar nature\nof the underlying process. This allows to test if a graph (including\nnon-spatial ones) could possibly result from an underlying Levy process. When\nthe scale increases, these graphs never tend towards a single cluster, the\ngiant component. In other words, while the autocorrelation of the process\nscales as a power of the distance, they never undergo a phase transition of\npercolation type. The Levy graphs may find applications in community detection\nand in the analysis of collective behaviors as in face-to-face interaction\nnetworks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Compression theory for inhomogeneous systems: The physics of complex systems stands to greatly benefit from the qualitative\nchanges in data availability and advances in data-driven computational methods.\nMany of these systems can be represented by interacting degrees of freedom on\ninhomogeneous graphs. However, the irregularity of the graph structure and the\nvastness of configurational spaces present a fundamental challenge to\ntheoretical tools, such as the renormalization group, which were so successful\nin characterizing the universal physical behaviour in critical phenomena. Here\nwe show that compression theory allows to extract relevant degrees of freedom\nin arbitrary geometries, and develop efficient numerical tools to build an\neffective theory from data. We demonstrate our method by applying it to a\nstrongly interacting system on an Ammann-Beenker quasicrystal, where it\ndiscovers an exotic critical point with broken conformal symmetry.",
        "positive": "Tuning the shape of the condensate in spontaneous symmetry breaking: We investigate what determines the shape of a particle condensate in\nsituations when it emerges as a result of spontaneous breaking of translational\nsymmetry. We consider a model with particles hopping between sites of a\none-dimensional grid and interacting if they are at the same or at neighboring\nnodes. We predict the envelope of the condensate and the scaling of its width\nwith the system size for various interaction potentials and show how to tune\nthe shape from a delta-peak to a rectangular or a parabolic-like form."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long time limit of equilibrium glassy dynamics and replica calculation: It is shown that the limit $t-t'\\to\\infty$ of the equilibrium dynamic\nself-energy can be computed from the $n\\to 1$ limit of the static self-energy\nof a $n$-times replicated system with one step replica symmetry breaking\nstructure. It is also shown that the Dyson equation of the replicated system\nleads in the $n\\to 1$ limit to the bifurcation equation for the glass\nergodicity breaking parameter computed from dynamics. The equivalence of the\nreplica formalism to the long time limit of the equilibrium relaxation dynamics\nis proved to all orders in perturbation for a scalar theory.",
        "positive": "Dependence of kinetic friction on velocity: Master equation approach: We investigate the velocity dependence of kinetic friction with a model which\nmakes minimal assumptions on the actual mechanism of friction so that it can be\napplied at many scales provided the system involves multi-contact friction.\nUsing a recently developed master equation approach we investigate the\ninfluence of two concurrent processes. First, at a nonzero temperature thermal\nfluctuations allow an activated breaking of contacts which are still below the\nthreshold. As a result, the friction force monotonically increases with\nvelocity. Second, the aging of contacts leads to a decrease of the friction\nforce with velocity. Aging effects include two aspects: the delay in contact\nformation and aging of a contact itself, i.e., the change of its\ncharacteristics with the duration of stationary contact. All these processes\nare considered simultaneously with the master equation approach, giving a\ncomplete dependence of the kinetic friction force on the driving velocity and\nsystem temperature, provided the interface parameters are known."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ground State Properties of one-dimensional Antiferromagnetic Spin-1\n  Chain with Single-ion Anisotropy: In this study, we have investigated ground state properties of\none-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin-1 chain with single-ion anisotropy at\nvery low temperatures using the Transfer Matrix method. Magnetic plateaus,\nphase diagram, specific heat, susceptibility of the spin chain have been\nevaluated numerically from the free energy. Results are in good agreement with\nthe experimental data for the spin-1 compounds\n[Ni$_2$(Medpt)$_2$($\\mu$-ox)(H$_2$O)$_2$](ClO$_4$)$_2$2H$_2$O,\n[Ni$_{2}$(Medpt)$_{2}$($\\mu$-ox)($\\mu$-N$_{3}$)](ClO$_{4}$)0.5H$_{2}$O,\nNi(C$_2$H$_8$N$_2$)Ni(CN)$_4$ and Ni(C$_{10}$H$_8$N$_2$)$_2$Ni(CN)$_4$.H$_2$O.\nHowever, spin-Peierls transition have not been observed in the temperature\ndependence of specific heat and magnetic susceptibility.",
        "positive": "Eden growth model for aggregation of charged particles: The stochastic Eden model of charged particles aggregation in two-dimensional\nsystems is presented. This model is governed by two parameters: screening\nlength of electrostatic interaction, $\\lambda $, and short range attraction\nenergy, $E$. Different patterns of finite and infinite aggregates are observed.\nThey are of following types of morphologies: linear or linear with bending,\nwarm-like, DBM (dense-branching morphology), DBM with nucleus, and compact\nEden-like. The transition between the different modes of growth is studied and\nphase diagram of the growth structures is obtained in $\\lambda, E $\nco-ordinates. The detailed aggregate structure analysis, including analysis of\ntheir fractal properties, is presented. The scheme of the internal\ninhomogeneous structure of aggregates is proposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Gibbs ensemble in integrable lattice models: The generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE) was introduced ten years ago to describe\nobservables in isolated integrable quantum systems after equilibration. Since\nthen, the GGE has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool to predict the\noutcome of the relaxation dynamics of few-body observables in a variety of\nintegrable models, a process we call generalized thermalization. This review\ndiscusses several fundamental aspects of the GGE and generalized thermalization\nin integrable systems. In particular, we focus on questions such as: which\nobservables equilibrate to the GGE predictions and who should play the role of\nthe bath; what conserved quantities can be used to construct the GGE; what are\nthe differences between generalized thermalization in noninteracting systems\nand in interacting systems mappable to noninteracting ones; why is it that the\nGGE works when traditional ensembles of statistical mechanics fail. Despite a\nlot of interest in these questions in recent years, no definite answers have\nbeen given. We review results for the XX model and for the transverse field\nIsing model. For the latter model, we also report original results and show\nthat the GGE describes spin-spin correlations over the entire system. This\nmakes apparent that there is no need to trace out a part of the system in real\nspace for equilibration to occur and for the GGE to apply. In the past, a\nspectral decomposition of the weights of various statistical ensembles revealed\nthat generalized eigenstate thermalization occurs in the XX model (hard-core\nbosons). Namely, eigenstates of the Hamiltonian with similar distributions of\nconserved quantities have similar expectation values of few-spin observables.\nHere we show that generalized eigenstate thermalization also occurs in the\ntransverse field Ising model.",
        "positive": "Totally Asymmetric Exclusion Process with Hierarchical Long-Range\n  Connections: A non-equilibrium particle transport model, the totally asymmetric exclusion\nprocess, is studied on a one-dimensional lattice with a hierarchy of fixed\nlong-range connections. This model breaks the particle-hole symmetry observed\non an ordinary one-dimensional lattice and results in a surprisingly simple\nphase diagram, without a maximum-current phase. Numerical simulations of the\nmodel with open boundary conditions reveal a number of dynamic features and\nsuggest possible applications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature-field phase diagram of the two-dimensional dipolar Ising\n  ferromagnet: We study field-induced phase transitions in the two-dimensional dipolar Ising\nferromagnet with a specific ratio between the exchange and dipolar constants,\n$\\delta=1$, which exhibits a stripe-ordered phase with the width of one lattice\nunit at low temperatures without magnetic field. By using a mean-field (MF)\napproximation and a Monte Caro (MC) method with the stochastic-cutoff\nalgorithm, which is an $O(N)$ simulation method, we show the temperature-field\nphase diagrams. In the MC study the orientational order and the structure\nfactor are evaluated. Second-order transition points are determined by a\nfinite-size-scaling analysis and first-order transition points are identified\nby the analysis of the energy histogram. Although both the MF and MC phase\ndiagrams consist of wide regions of several stripe-ordered phases and narrow\nregions between them characterized by complicated stripe patterns, they show\nqualitative and quantitative differences in possible phases and phase\nboundaries. In the MF phase diagram, three main stripe-ordered phases exhibit a\nnesting structure, while in the MC phase diagram, two main stripe-ordered\nphases are located separately, which causes a characteristic field-induced\nreentrant transition of the orientational order.",
        "positive": "Temperature inversion in granular fluids under gravity: We study, via hydrodynamic equations, the granular temperature profile of a\ngranular fluid under gravity and subjected to energy injection from a base.\n  It is found that there exists a turn-up in the granular temperature and that,\nfar from the base, it increases linearly with height. We show that this\nphenomenon, observed previously in experiments and computer simulations, is a\ndirect consequence of the heat flux law, different form Fourier's, in granular\nfluids. The positive granular temperature gradient is proportional to gravity\nand a transport coefficient $\\mu_0$, relating the heat flux to the density\ngradients, that is characteristic of granular systems. Our results provide a\nmethod to compute the value $\\mu_0$ for different restitution coefficients. The\ntheoretical predictions are verified by means of molecular dynamics\nsimulations, and the value of $\\mu_0$ is computed for the two dimensional\ninelastic hard sphere model. We provide, also, a boundary condition for the\ntemperature field that is consistent with the modified Fourier's law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chaos in Sandpile Models: We have investigated the \"weak chaos\" exponent to see if it can be considered\nas a classification parameter of different sandpile models. Simulation results\nshow that \"weak chaos\" exponent may be one of the characteristic exponents of\nthe attractor of \\textit{deterministic} models. We have shown that the\n(abelian) BTW sandpile model and the (non abelian) Zhang model posses different\n\"weak chaos\" exponents, so they may belong to different universality classes.\nWe have also shown that \\textit{stochasticity} destroys \"weak chaos\" exponents'\neffectiveness so it slows down the divergence of nearby configurations. Finally\nwe show that getting off the critical point destroys this behavior of\ndeterministic models.",
        "positive": "Ground state of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a\n  two-dimensional square-hexagonal-dodecagonal lattice: Up to now, the existence of the the magnetic Neel Long Range Order (NLRO) in\nnearest neighbor, spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic (AF) lattice systems has been\nexamined for seven, from the eleven existing, two-dimensional, uniform\nlattices. Plaquettes forming these uniform (Archimedean) lattices (e.g. square,\ntriangular, kagome) are different regular polygons. An investigation of the\nNLRO in the ground state of AF spin systems on the seventh uniform (bipartite)\nlattice consisting of squares, hexagons and dodecagons is presented. The NLRO\nis shown to occur in this system. A simple conjecture concerning the existence\nof the NLRO in the ground state of antiferromagnetic, spin-1/2 systems on two\ndimensional, Archimedean lattices, is formulated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The process of irreversible nucleation in multilayer growth. II. Exact\n  results in one and two dimensions: We study irreversible dimer nucleation on top of terraces during epitaxial\ngrowth in one and two dimensions, for all values of the step-edge barrier. The\nproblem is solved exactly by transforming it into a first passage problem for a\nrandom walker in a higher-dimensional space. The spatial distribution of\nnucleation events is shown to differ markedly from the mean-field estimate\nexcept in the limit of very weak step-edge barriers. The nucleation rate is\ncomputed exactly, including numerical prefactors.",
        "positive": "Post quench entropy growth in a chiral clock model: We numerically study quenches from a fully ordered state to the ferromagnetic\nregime of the chiral $\\mathbb{Z}_3$ clock model, where the physics can be\nunderstood in terms of sparse domain walls of six flavors. As in the previously\nstudied models, the spread of entangled domain wall pairs generated by the\nquench lead to a linear growth of entropy with time, upto a time $\\ell/2v_g$ in\nsize-$\\ell$ subsystems in the bulk where $v_g$ is the maximal group velocity of\ndomain walls. In small subsystems located in the bulk, the entropy continues to\nfurther grow towards $\\ln 3$, as domain walls traverse the subsystem and\nincrement the population of the two oppositely ordered states, restoring the\n$\\mathbb{Z}_3$ symmetry. The latter growth in entropy is seen also in small\nsubsystems near an open boundary in a non-chiral clock model. In contrast to\nthis, in the case of the chiral model, the entropy of small subsystems near an\nopen boundary saturates. We rationalize the difference in behavior in terms of\nqualitatively different scattering properties of domain walls at the open\nboundary in the chiral model. We also present empirical results for entropy\ngrowth, correlation spread, and energies of longitudinal-field-induced bound\nstates of domain wall pairs in the chiral model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of strong and weak point vortices in a cylinder: The motion of one-hundred point vortices in a circular cylinder is simulated\nnumerically and compared with theoretical predictions based on statistical\nmechanics. The novel aspect considered here is that the vortices have greatly\ndifferent circulation strengths. As envisaged by Onsager, such an arrangement\nleads to a substantial amplification of statistical trends such as the\npreferred clustering of the strong vortices in either same-signed or\noppositely-signed pairs, depending on the overall energy level. A\nmicrocanonical ensemble based on the conserved total energy E and angular\nmomentum M for the whole vortex system is then used, in which the few strong\nvortices are treated as a subsystem in contact with a reservoir composed of the\nmany weak vortices. It is shown that allowing for the finite size of this\nreservoir is essential in order to predict the statistics of the strong\nvortices accurately. Notably, this goes beyond the standard canonical ensemble\nwith positive or negative temperature. A certain approximation is then shown to\nallow a single random sample of uniformly distributed vortex configurations to\nbe used to predict the strong vortex statistics for all possible values of E\nand M. Detailed predictions for distribution functions are then made for\ncomparison with three simulated cases of near-zero M and low, neutral, or high\nE. It is found that the statistical mechanics predictions compare remarkably\nwell with the numerical results, including a prediction of vortex accumulation\nat the cylinder wall for low values of E.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear analog of the complexity-stability transition in random\n  dynamical systems: a replica calculation: We consider large-dimensional dynamical systems involving a linear force and\na random force comprising both potential and non-conservative contributions.\nSuch systems are known to exhibit a topological trivialization phase transition\nas the strength of the random force is increased. This is reflected in the\nnumber of stationary points of the dynamical systems that transitions from one\nto an exponential in the number of degrees of freedom. We analyze this\ntransition by means of a replica calculation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of Run-and-Tumble Particles in Dense Single-File Systems: We study a minimal model of self-propelled particle in a crowded single-file\nenvironment. We extend classical models of exclusion processes (previously\nanalyzed for diffusive and driven tracer particles) to the case where the\ntracer particle is a run-and-tumble particle (RTP), while all bath particles\nperform symmetric random walks. In the limit of high density of bath particles,\nwe derive exact expressions for the full distribution $\\mathcal{P}_n(X)$ of the\nRTP position $X$ and all its cumulants, valid for arbitrary values of the\ntumbling probability $\\alpha$ and time $n$. Our results highlight striking\neffects of crowding on the dynamics: even cumulants of the RTP position are\nincreasing functions of $\\alpha$ at intermediate timescales, and display a\nsubdiffusive anomalous scaling $\\propto \\sqrt{n}$ independent of $\\alpha$ in\nthe limit of long times $n\\to \\infty$. These analytical results set the ground\nfor a quantitative analysis of experimental trajectories of real biological or\nartificial microswimmers in extreme confinement.",
        "positive": "Vlasov limit and discreteness effects in cosmological N-body simulations: We present the problematic of controlling the discreteness effects in\ncosmological N-body simulations. We describe a perturbative treatment which\ngives an approximation describing the evolution under self-gravity of a lattice\nperturbed from its equilibrium, which allows to trace the evolution of the\nfully discrete distribution until the time when particles approach one another\n(\"shell-crossing\"). Perturbed lattices are typical initial conditions for\ncosmological N-body simulations and thus we can describe precisely the early\ntime evolution of these simulations. A quantitative comparison with fluid\nLagrangian theory permits to study discreteness effects in the linear regime of\nthe simulations. We show finally some work in progress about quantifying\ndiscreteness effects in the non-perturbative (highly non-linear) regime of\ncosmological N-body simulations by evolving different discretizations of the\nsame continuous density field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Comparison and the Ideal Glass Transition of A Monatomic\n  Systems Modeled as an Antiferromagnetic Ising Model on Husimi and Cubic\n  Recursive Lattices of the Same Coordination Number: Two kinds of recursive lattices with the same coordination number but\ndifferent unit cells (2-D square and 3-D cube) are constructed and the\nantiferromagnetic Ising model is solved exactly on them to study the stable and\nmetastable states. The Ising model with multi-particle interactions is designed\nto represent a monatomic system or an alloy. Two solutions of the model exhibit\nthe crystallization of liquid, and the ideal glass transition of supercooled\nliquid respectively. Based on the solutions, the thermodynamics on both\nlattices was examined. In particular, the free energy, energy, and entropy of\nthe ideal glass, supercooled liquid, crystal, and liquid state of the model on\neach lattice were calculated and compared with each other. Interactions between\nparticles farther away than the nearest neighbor distance are taken into\nconsideration. The two lattices show comparable properties on the transition\ntemperatures and the thermodynamic behaviors, which proves that both of them\nare practical to describe the regular 3-D case, while the different effects of\nthe unit types are still obvious.",
        "positive": "Conditional $1/f^\u03b1$ noise: from single molecules to macroscopic\n  measurements: We demonstrate that the measurement of $1/f^{\\alpha}$ noise at the single\nmolecule or nano-object limit is remarkably distinct from the macroscopic\nmeasurement over a large sample. The single particle measurements yield a\nconditional time-dependent spectrum. However, the number of units fluctuating\non the time scale of the experiment is increasing in such a way that the\nmacroscopic measurements appear perfectly stationary. The single particle power\nspectrum is a conditional spectrum, in the sense that we must make a\ndistinction between idler and non-idler units on the time scale of the\nexperiment. We demonstrate our results based on stochastic and deterministic\nmodels, in particular the well known superposition of Lorentzians approach, the\nblinking quantum dot model, and deterministic dynamics generated by non-linear\nmapping. Our results show that the $1/f^\\alpha$ spectrum is inherently\nnonstationary even if the macroscopic measurement completely obscures the\nunderlying time dependence of the phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion-limited reactions in crowded environments: Diffusion-limited reactions (DLR) are usually described within the\nSmoluchowski theory, which neglects interactions between the diffusing\ncomponents. We propose a first extension of such frame- work that incorporates\nexcluded-volume effects, considering hard diffusing agents in the presence of\nan absorbing sink. For large values of the absorber-to-diffuser size ratio Rs,\nthe encounter rate obtained from the simulations is in very good agreement with\na simple generalization of the Smolu- chowski equation at high densities.\nReducing Rs, the rate gets substantially depressed at interme- diate packing\nand become even non-monotonic for Rs << 1. Concurrently with the saturation of\nthe rate, stationary density waves set in close to the absorbing center. A\nmean-field, effective-potential analysis of the Smoluchowski equation under\ncrowding sheds light on the subtle link between such ordering and the slowing\ndown of the encounter dynamics. Finally, we show how an infinitesimal amount of\nnon-reacting impurities can equally slow down dramatically the reaction.",
        "positive": "Crossover effects in the bond-diluted Ising model in three dimensions: We investigate by Monte Carlo simulations the critical properties of the\nthree-dimensional bond-diluted Ising model. The phase diagram is determined by\nlocating the maxima of the magnetic susceptibility and is compared to\nmean-field and effective-medium approximations. The calculation of the\nsize-dependent effective critical exponents shows the competition between the\ndifferent fixed points of the model as a function of the bond dilution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Threshold effects for two pathogens spreading on a network: Diseases spread through host populations over the networks of contacts\nbetween individuals, and a number of results about this process have been\nderived in recent years by exploiting connections between epidemic processes\nand bond percolation on networks. Here we investigate the case of two pathogens\nin a single population, which has been the subject of recent interest among\nepidemiologists. We demonstrate that two pathogens competing for the same hosts\ncan both spread through a population only for intermediate values of the bond\noccupation probability that lie above the classic epidemic threshold and below\na second higher value, which we call the coexistence threshold, corresponding\nto a distinct topological phase transition in networked systems.",
        "positive": "Transition state theory applied to self-diffusion of hard spheres: A description in terms of transition rates among cells is used to analyze\nself-diffusion of hard spheres in the fluid phase. Cell size is assumed much\nlarger than the mean free path. Transition state theory is used to obtain an\nequation that matches numerical results previously obtained by other authors.\nTwo regimes are identified. For small packing fraction $\\xi$, diffusion is\nlimited by free volume; and, for large $\\xi$, diffusion is limited by velocity\nautocorrelation. The expressions obtained in each regime do not require\nadjustable parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of nested spiral self-avoiding loops: exact results on the\n  square and triangular lattices: The statistics of nested spiral self-avoiding loops, which is closely related\nto the partition of integers into decreasing parts, is studied on the square\nand triangular lattices.",
        "positive": "Quest for the golden ratio universality class: Using mode coupling theory the conditions for all allowed dynamical\nuniversality classes for the conserved modes in one-dimensional driven systems\nare presented in closed form as a function of the stationary currents and their\nderivatives. With a view on the search for the golden ratio universality class\nthe existence of some families of microscopic models is ruled out a priori by\nusing an Onsager-type macroscopic current symmetry. At equal mean densities of\nthe conserved quantities the golden modes can only appear if the currents are\nantisymmetric under interchange of the conserved densities and if these\ndensities are correlated, but not in the symmetric case where at equal\ndensities one mode is always diffusive and the second may be either\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ), modified KPZ, 3/2-L\\'evy, or also diffusive. We also\nshow that the predictions of mode coupling theory for a noisy chain of harmonic\noscillators are exact."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality class of nonequilibrium phase transitions with infinitely\n  many-absorbing-states: We consider systems whose steady-states exhibit a nonequilibrium phase\ntransition from an active state to one -among an infinite number- absorbing\nstate, as some control parameter is varied across a threshold value. The pair\ncontact process, stochastic fixed-energy sandpiles, activated random walks and\nmany other cellular automata or reaction-diffusion processes are covered by our\nanalysis. We argue that the upper critical dimension below which anomalous\nfluctuation driven scaling appears is d_c=6, in contrast to a widespread belief\n(see Dickman cond-mat 0110043 for an overview). We provide the exponents\ngoverning the critical behavior close to or at the transition point to first\norder in a 6-d expansion.",
        "positive": "From chaos to many-body localization: some introductory notes: Staring from the kicked rotator as a paradigm for a system exhibiting\nclassical chaos, we discuss the role of quantum coherence resulting in\ndynamical localization in the kicked quantum rotator. In this context, the\ndisorder-induced Anderson localization is also discussed. Localization in\ninteracting, quantum many-body systems (many-body localization) may also occur\nin the absence of disorder, and a practical way to identify its occurrence is\ndemonstrated for an interacting spin chain."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size scaling in extreme statistics: We study the convergence and shape correction to the limit distributions of\nextreme values due to the finite size (FS) of data sets. A renormalization\nmethod is introduced for the case of independent, identically distributed (iid)\nvariables, showing that the iid universality classes are subdivided according\nto the exponent of the FS convergence, which determines the leading order FS\nshape correction function as well. We find that, for the correlated systems of\nsubcritical percolation and 1/f^alpha stationary (alpha<1) noise, the iid shape\ncorrection compares favorably to simulations. Furthermore, for the strongly\ncorrelated regime (alpha>1) of 1/f^alpha noise, the shape correction is\nobtained in terms of the limit distribution itself.",
        "positive": "First-order transition features of the triangular Ising model with\n  nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic interactions: We implement a new and accurate numerical entropic scheme to investigate the\nfirst-order transition features of the triangular Ising model with\nnearest-neighbor ($J_{nn}$) and next-nearest-neighbor ($J_{nnn}$)\nantiferromagnetic interactions in ratio $R=J_{nn}/J_{nnn}=1$. Important aspects\nof the existing theories of first-order transitions are briefly reviewed,\ntested on this model, and compared with previous work on the Potts model. Using\nlattices with linear sizes $L=30,40,...,100,120,140,160,200,240,360$ and 480 we\nestimate the thermal characteristics of the present weak first-order\ntransition. Our results improve the original estimates of Rastelli et al. and\nverify all the generally accepted predictions of the finite-size scaling theory\nof first-order transitions, including transition point shifts, thermal, and\nmagnetic anomalies. However, two of our findings are not compatible with\ncurrent phenomenological expectations. The behavior of transition points,\nderived from the number-of-phases parameter, is not in accordance with the\ntheoretically conjectured exponentially small shift behavior and the well-known\ndouble Gaussian approximation does not correctly describe higher correction\nterms of the energy cumulants. It is argued that this discrepancy has its\norigin in the commonly neglected contributions from domain wall corrections."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Levy walk with multiple internal states: Levy walk is a fundamental model with applications ranging from quantum\nphysics to paths of animal foraging. Taking animal foraging as an example, a\nnatural idea that comes to one's mind is to introduce the multiple internal\nstates for dealing with the dependence of the PDF of waiting time on the energy\nof the animal and richness of the food at a particular location, etc; the\nframework can also be used to model the moving trajectories of smart animals\nwithout returning to the directions or locations which they come from\nimmediately. After building the Levy walk model with multiple internal states\nand deriving the governing equation of the distribution of the positions of the\nparticles, some applications are discussed with specific transition matrices.\nThe type of diffusion for non-immediately-repeating L\\'{e}vy walk is uncovered,\nand the distribution and average of first passage time are numerically\nsimulated.",
        "positive": "Breakdown of Gallavotti-Cohen symmetry for stochastic dynamics: We consider the behaviour of current fluctuations in the one-dimensional\npartially asymmetric zero-range process with open boundaries. Significantly, we\nfind that the distribution of large current fluctuations does not satisfy the\nGallavotti-Cohen symmetry and that such a breakdown can generally occur in\nsystems with unbounded state space. We also discuss the dependence of the\nasymptotic current distribution on the initial state of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Van der Waals Interaction between Flux Lines in High-T_c\n  Superconductors: A Variational Approach: In pure anisotropic or layered superconductors thermal fluctuations induce a\nvan der Waals attraction between flux lines. This attraction together with the\nentropic repulsion has interesting consequences for the low field phase\ndiagram; in particular, a first order transition from the Meissner phase to the\nmixed state is induced. We introduce a new variational approach that allows for\nthe calculation of the effective free energy of the flux line lattice on the\nscale of the mean flux line distance, which is based on an expansion of the\nfree energy around the regular triangular Abrikosov lattice. Using this\ntechnique, the low field phase diagram of these materials may be explored. The\nresults of this technique are compared with a recent functional RG treatment of\nthe same system.",
        "positive": "Extinction and Survival in Two-Species Annihilation: We study diffusion-controlled two-species annihilation with a finite number\nof particles. In this stochastic process, particles move diffusively, and when\ntwo particles of opposite type come into contact, the two annihilate. We focus\non the behavior in three spatial dimensions and for initial conditions where\nparticles are confined to a compact domain. Generally, one species outnumbers\nthe other, and we find that the difference between the number of majority and\nminority species, which is a conserved quantity, controls the behavior. When\nthe number difference exceeds a critical value, the minority becomes extinct\nand a finite number of majority particles survive, while below this critical\ndifference, a finite number of particles of both species survive. The critical\ndifference $\\Delta_c$ grows algebraically with the total initial number of\nparticles $N$, and when $N\\gg 1$, the critical difference scales as\n$\\Delta_c\\sim N^{1/3}$. Furthermore, when the initial concentrations of the two\nspecies are equal, the average number of surviving majority and minority\nparticles, $M_+$ and $M_-$, exhibit two distinct scaling behaviors, $M_+\\sim\nN^{1/2}$ and $M_-\\sim N^{1/6}$. In contrast, when the initial populations are\nequal, these two quantities are comparable $M_+\\sim M_-\\sim N^{1/3}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Voter Model with Time dependent Flip-rates: We introduce time variation in the flip-rates of the Voter Model. This type\nof generalisation is relevant to models of ageing in language change, allowing\nthe representation of changes in speakers' learning rates over their lifetime\nand may be applied to any other similar model in which interaction rates at the\nmicroscopic level change with time. The mean time taken to reach consensus\nvaries in a nontrivial way with the rate of change of the flip-rates, varying\nbetween bounds given by the mean consensus times for static homogeneous (the\noriginal Voter Model) and static heterogeneous flip-rates. By considering the\nmean time between interactions for each agent, we derive excellent estimates of\nthe mean consensus times and exit probabilities for any time scale of flip-rate\nvariation. The scaling of consensus times with population size on complex\nnetworks is correctly predicted, and is as would be expected for the ordinary\nvoter model. Heterogeneity in the initial distribution of opinions has a strong\neffect, considerably reducing the mean time to consensus, while increasing the\nprobability of survival of the opinion which initially occupies the most slowly\nchanging agents. The mean times to reach consensus for different states are\nvery different. An opinion originally held by the fastest changing agents has a\nsmaller chance to succeed, and takes much longer to do so than an evenly\ndistributed opinion.",
        "positive": "Multi-dimensional Rational Bubbles and fat tails: application of\n  stochastic regression equations to financial speculation: We extend the model of rational bubbles of Blanchard and of Blanchard and\nWatson to arbitrary dimensions d: a number d of market time series are made\nlinearly interdependent via d times d stochastic coupling coefficients. We\nfirst show that the no-arbitrage condition imposes that the non-diagonal\nimpacts of any asset i on any other asset j different from i has to vanish on\naverage, i.e., must exhibit random alternative regimes of reinforcement and\ncontrarian feedbacks. In contrast, the diagonal terms must be positive and\nequal on average to the inverse of the discount factor. Applying the results of\nrenewal theory for products of random matrices to stochastic recurrence\nequations (SRE), we extend the theorem of Lux and Sornette (cond-mat/9910141)\nand demonstrate that the tails of the unconditional distributions associated\nwith such d-dimensional bubble processes follow power laws (i.e., exhibit\nhyperbolic decline), with the same asymptotic tail exponent mu<1 for all\nassets. The distribution of price differences and of returns is dominated by\nthe same power-law over an extended range of large returns. This small value\nmu<1 of the tail exponent has far-reaching consequences in the non-existence of\nthe means and variances. Although power-law tails are a pervasive feature of\nempirical data, the numerical value mu<1 is in disagreement with the usual\nempirical estimates mu approximately equal to 3. It, therefore, appears that\ngeneralizing the model of rational bubbles to arbitrary dimensions does not\nallow us to reconcile the model with these stylized facts of financial data.\nThe non-stationary growth rational bubble model seems at present the only\nviable solution (see cond-mat/0010112)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Convex Hulls of Random Walks in Higher Dimensions: A Large Deviation\n  Study: The distribution of the hypervolume $V$ and surface $\\partial V$ of convex\nhulls of (multiple) random walks in higher dimensions are determined\nnumerically, especially containing probabilities far smaller than $P =\n10^{-1000}$ to estimate large deviation properties. For arbitrary dimensions\nand large walk lengths $T$, we suggest a scaling behavior of the distribution\nwith the length of the walk $T$ similar to the two-dimensional case, and\nbehavior of the distributions in the tails. We underpin both with numerical\ndata in $d=3$ and $d=4$ dimensions. Further, we confirm the analytically known\nmeans of those distributions and calculate their variances for large $T$.",
        "positive": "Entanglement Entropy of the Low-Lying Excited States and Critical\n  Properties of an Exactly Solvable Two-Leg Spin Ladder with Three-Spin\n  Interactions: In this work, we investigate an exactly solvable two-leg spin ladder with\nthree-spin interactions. We obtain analytically the finite-size corrections of\nthe low-lying energies and determine the central charge as well as the scaling\ndimensions. The model considered in this work has the same universality class\nof critical behavior of the XX chain with central charge c=1. By using the\ncorrelation matrix method, we also study the finite-size corrections of the\nRenyi entropy of the ground state and of the excited states. Our results are in\nagreement with the predictions of the conformal field theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random walks with fractally correlated traps: Stretched exponential and\n  power law survival kinetics: We consider the survival probability $f(t)$ of a random walk with a constant\nhopping rate $w$ on a host lattice of fractal dimension $d$ and spectral\ndimension $d_s\\le 2$, with spatially correlated traps. The traps form a\nsublattice with fractal dimension $d_a<d$ and are characterized by the\nabsorption rate $w_a$ which may be finite (imperfect traps) or infinite\n(perfect traps). Initial coordinates are chosen randomly at or within a fixed\ndistance of a trap. For weakly absorbing traps ($w_a\\ll w$), we find that\n$f(t)$ can be closely approximated by a stretched exponential function over the\ninitial stage of relaxation, with stretching exponent $\\alpha=1-(d-d_a)/d_w$,\nwhere $d_w$ is the random walk dimension of the host lattice. At the end of\nthis initial stage there occurs a crossover to power law kinetics $f(t)\\sim\nt^{-\\alpha}$ with the same exponent $\\alpha$ as for the stretched exponential\nregime. For strong absorption $w_a>w$, including the limit of perfect traps\n$w_a\\to \\infty$, the stretched exponential regime is absent and the decay of\n$f(t)$ follows, after a short transient, the aforementioned power law for all\ntimes.",
        "positive": "Cluster Algorithm Renormalization Group Method: We present a self consistent method based on cluster algorithms and\nRenormalization Group on the lattice to study critical systems numerically. We\nillustrate it by means of the 2D Ising model. We compute the critical exponents\n$\\nu$ and $\\eta$ and the renormalization group flow of the probability density\nfunction of the magnetization. The results, compared to the standard Monte\nCarlo Renormalization Group proposed by Swendsen [1], are very accurate and the\nmethod works faster by a factor which grows monotonically with the lattice\nsize. This allows to simulate larger lattices in reachable computational times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From Maximum of Intervisit Times to Starving Random Walks: Very recently, a fundamental observable has been introduced and analyzed to\nquantify the exploration of random walks: the time $\\tau_k$ required for a\nrandom walk to find a site that it never visited previously, when the walk has\nalready visited $k$ distinct sites. Here, we tackle the natural issue of the\nstatistics of $M_n$, the longest duration out of $\\tau_0,\\dots,\\tau_{n-1}$.\nThis problem belongs to the active field of extreme value statistics, with the\ndifficulty that the random variables $\\tau_k$ are both correlated and\nnon-identically distributed. Beyond this fundamental aspect, we show that the\nasymptotic determination of the statistics of $M_n$ finds explicit applications\nin foraging theory and allows us to solve the open $d$-dimensional starving\nrandom walk problem, in which each site of a lattice initially contains one\nfood unit, consumed upon visit by the random walker, which can travel\n$\\mathcal{S}$ steps without food before starving. Processes of diverse nature,\nincluding regular diffusion, anomalous diffusion, and diffusion in disordered\nmedia and fractals, share common properties within the same universality\nclasses.",
        "positive": "A generalization of the inhomogeneity measure for point distributions to\n  the case of finite size objects: The statistical measure of spatial inhomogeneity for n points placed in chi\ncells each of size kxk is generalized to incorporate finite size objects like\nblack pixels for binary patterns of size LxL. As a function of length scale k,\nthe measure is modified in such a way that it relates to the smallest\nrealizable value for each considered scale. To overcome the limitation of\npattern partitions to scales with k being integer divisors of L we use a\nsliding cell-sampling approach. For given patterns, particularly in the case of\nclusters polydispersed in size, the comparison between the statistical measure\nand the entropic one reveals differences in detection of the first peak while\nat other scales they well correlate. The universality of the two measures\nallows both a hidden periodicity traces and attributes of planar quasi-crystals\nto be explored."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Regular binary thermal lattice-gases: We analyze the power spectrum of a regular binary thermal lattice gas in two\ndimensions and derive a Landau-Placzek formula, describing the power spectrum\nin the low-wavelength, low frequency domain, for both the full mixture and a\nsingle component in the binary mixture. The theoretical results are compared\nwith simulations performed on this model and show a perfect agreement. The\npower spectrums are found to be similar in structure as the ones obtained for\nthe continuous theory, in which the central peak is a complicated superposition\nof entropy and concentration contributions, due to the coupling of the\nfluctuations in these quantities. Spectra based on the relative difference\nbetween both components have in general additional Brillouin peaks as a\nconsequence of the equipartition failure.",
        "positive": "Numerical calculations on the relative entanglement entropy in critical\n  spin chains: We study the relative entanglement entropy (EE) among various primary excited\nstates in two critical spin chains: the S=1/2 XXZ chain and the transverse\nfield Ising chain at criticality. For the S=1/2 XXZ chain, which corresponds to\nc=1 free boson conformal field theory (CFT), we numerically calculate the\nrelative EE by exact diagonalization and find a perfect agreement with the\npredictions by the CFT. For the transverse field Ising chain at criticality,\nwhich corresponds to the c=1/2 Ising CFT, we analytically relate its relative\nEE to that of the S=1/2 XXZ chain and confirm the relation numerically. We also\ncalculate the \"sandwiched\" R\\'enyi relative EE and again the numerical results\nagree well with the analytical predictions. Our results are the first direct\nconfirmation of the CFT predictions on the relative EE of the primary excited\nstates in critical spin chains."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous diffusion for a class of systems with two conserved quantities: We introduce a class of one dimensional deterministic models of energy-volume\nconserving interfaces. Numerical simulations show that these dynamics are\ngenuinely super-diffusive. We then modify the dynamics by adding a conservative\nstochastic noise so that it becomes ergodic. System of conservation laws are\nderived as hydrodynamic limits of the modified dynamics. Numerical evidence\nshows these models are still super-diffusive. This is proven rigorously for\nharmonic potentials.",
        "positive": "Noise-Induced Phase Separation and Time Reversal Symmetry Breaking in\n  active field theories driven by persistent noise: Within the Landau-Ginzburg picture of phase transitions, scalar field\ntheories develop phase separation because of a spontaneous symmetry-breaking\nmechanism. This picture works in thermodynamics but also in the dynamics of\nphase separation. Here we show that scalar non-equilibrium field theories\nundergo phase separation just because of non-equilibrium fluctuations driven by\na persistent noise. The mechanism is similar to what happens in\nMotility-Induced Phase Separation where persistent motion introduces an\neffective attractive force. We observe that Noise-Induced Phase Separation\noccurs in a region of the phase diagram where disordered field configurations\nwould otherwise be stable at equilibrium. Measuring the local entropy\nproduction rate to quantify the time-reversal symmetry breaking, we find that\nsuch breaking is concentrated on the boundary between the two phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fracturing ranked surfaces: Discretized landscapes can be mapped onto ranked surfaces, where every\nelement (site or bond) has a unique rank associated with its corresponding\nrelative height. By sequentially allocating these elements according to their\nranks and systematically preventing the occupation of bridges, namely elements\nthat, if occupied, would provide global connectivity, we disclose that bridges\nhide a new tricritical point at an occupation fraction $p=p_{c}$, where $p_{c}$\nis the percolation threshold of random percolation. For any value of $p$ in the\ninterval $p_{c}< p \\leq 1$, our results show that the set of bridges has a\nfractal dimension $d_{BB} \\approx 1.22$ in two dimensions. In the limit $p\n\\rightarrow 1$, a self-similar fracture is revealed as a singly connected line\nthat divides the system in two domains. We then unveil how several seemingly\nunrelated physical models tumble into the same universality class and also\npresent results for higher dimensions.",
        "positive": "Scaling in the crossover from random to correlated growth: In systems where deposition rates are high compared to diffusion, desorption\nand other mechanisms that generate correlations, a crossover from random to\ncorrelated growth of surface roughness is expected at a characteristic time\nt_0. This crossover is analyzed in lattice models via scaling arguments, with\nsupport from simulation results presented here and in other authors works. We\nargue that the amplitudes of the saturation roughness and of the saturation\ntime scale as {t_0}^{1/2} and t_0, respectively. For models with lateral\naggregation, which typically are in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) class, we\nshow that t_0 ~ 1/p, where p is the probability of the correlated aggregation\nmechanism to take place. However, t_0 ~ 1/p^2 is obtained in solid-on-solid\nmodels with single particle deposition attempts. This group includes models in\nvarious universality classes, with numerical examples being provided in the\nEdwards-Wilkinson (EW), KPZ and Villain-Lai-Das Sarma (nonlinear molecular-beam\nepitaxy) classes. Most applications are for two-component models in which\nrandom deposition, with probability 1-p, competes with a correlated aggregation\nprocess with probability p. However, our approach can be extended to other\nsystems with the same crossover, such as the generalized restricted\nsolid-on-solid model with maximum height difference S, for large S. Moreover,\nthe scaling approach applies to all dimensions. In the particular case of\none-dimensional KPZ processes with this crossover, we show that t_0 ~ nu^{-1}\nand nu ~ lambda^{2/3}, where nu and lambda are the coefficients of the linear\nand nonlinear terms of the associated KPZ equations. The applicability of\nprevious results on models in the EW and KPZ classes is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The mold integration method for the calculation of the crystal-fluid\n  interfacial free energy from simulations: The interfacial free energy between a crystal and a fluid, {\\gamma} cf, is a\nhighly relevant parameter in phenomena such as wetting or crystal nucleation\nand growth. Due to the difficulty of measuring {\\gamma} cf experimentally,\ncomputer simulations are often used to study the crystal-fluid interface. Here,\nwe present a novel simulation methodology for the calculation of {\\gamma} cf .\nThe methodology consists in using a mold composed of potential energy wells to\ninduce the formation of a crystal slab in the fluid at coexistence conditions.\nThis induction is done along a reversible pathway along which the free energy\ndifference between the initial and the final states is obtained by means of\nthermodynamic integration. The structure of the mold is given by that of the\ncrystal lattice planes, which allows to easily obtain the free energy for\ndifferent crystal orientations. The method is validated by calculating {\\gamma}\ncf for previously studied systems, namely, the hard spheres and the\nLennard-Jones systems. Our results for the latter show that the method is\naccurate enough to deal with the anisotropy of {\\gamma} cf with respect to the\ncrystal orientation. We also calculate {\\gamma} cf for a recently proposed\ncontinuous version of the hard sphere potential and obtain the same {\\gamma} cf\nas for the pure hard sphere system. The method can be implemented both in Monte\nCarlo and Molecular Dynamics. In fact, we show that it can be easily used in\ncombination with the popular Molecular Dynamics package GROMACS.",
        "positive": "Characteristics of the asymmetric simple exclusion process in the\n  presence of quenched spatial disorder: We investigate the effect of quenched spatial disordered hopping rates on the\ncharacteristics of the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) with open\nboundaries both numerically and by extensive simulations. Disorder averages of\nthe bulk density and current are obtained in terms of various input and output\nrates. We study the binary and uniform distributions of disorder. It is\nverified that the effect of spatial inhomogeneity is generically to enlarge the\nsize of the maximal current phase. This is in accordance with the mean field\nresults obtained by Harris and Stinchcombe. Furthermore, we obtain the\ndependence of the current and the bulk density on the characteristics of the\ndisorder distribution function. It is shown that the impact of disorder\ncrucially depends on the particle input and out rates. In some situations,\ndisorder can constructively enhance the current."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion in the presence of a local attracting factor: Theory and some\n  interdisciplinary applications: We study a simple model of a random walker in d dimensions moving in the\npresence of a local heterogeneous attracting factor expressed in terms of an\nassigned space-dependent \"attractiveness function\", a situation frequently\nencountered in the study of various diffusion problems. The corresponding\ndrift-diffusion equation and the explicit expressions for the velocity field\nand the diffusion coefficient are obtained and discussed. We consider some\nexamples of applications of the results obtained to chemotactic diffusion\nprocesses and social dynamics.",
        "positive": "Collisional relaxation in the inhomogeneous Hamiltonian-Mean-Field\n  model: diffusion coefficients: Systems of particles with long range interactions present two important\nprocesses: first, the formation of out-of-equilibrium quasi-stationary states\n(QSS), and the collisional relaxation towards Maxwell-Boltzmann equilibrium in\na much longer timescale. In this paper, we study the collisional relaxation in\nthe Hamiltonian-Mean-Field model (HMF) using the appropriate kinetic equations\nfor a system of $N$ particles at order $1/N$ : the Landau equation when\ncollective effects are neglected and the Lenard-Balescu equation when they are\ntaken into account. We derive explicit expressions for the diffusion\ncoefficients using both equations for any magnetization, and we obtain analytic\nexpressions for highly clustered configurations. An important conclusion is\nthat in this system collective effects are crucial in order to describe the\nrelaxation dynamics. We compare the diffusion calculated with the kinetic\nequations with simulations set up to simulate the system with or without\ncollective effects, obtaining a very good agreement between theory and\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Versatile entropic measure of grey level inhomogeneity: The entropic measure for analysis of grey level inhomogeneity (GLI) is\nproposed as a function of length scale. It allows us to quantify the\nstatistical dissimilarity of the actual macrostate and the maximizing entropy\nof the reference one. The maximums (minimums) of the measure indicate those\nscales at which higher (lower) average grey level inhomogeneity appears\ncompared to neighbour scales. Even a deeply hidden statistical grey level\nperiodicity can be detected by the equally distant minimums of the measure. The\nstriking effect of multiple intersecting curves (MIC) of the measure has been\nrevealed for pairs of simulated patterns, which differ in shades of grey or\nsymmetry properties, only. This indicates for a non-trivial dependence of the\nGLI on length scale. In turn for evolving photosphere granulation patterns, the\nstability in time of the first peak position has been found. Interestingly, at\ninitial steps of the evolution clearly dominates the third peak. This indicates\nfor a temporary grouping of granules at length scale that may belong to\nmesogranulation phenomenon. This behaviour has similarities with that reported\nby Consolini, Berrilli et al. (2003, 2005) for binarized granulation images of\na different data set.",
        "positive": "Universality of coupled Potts models: We study systems of M Potts models coupled by their local energy density.\nEach model is taken to have a distinct number of states, and the permutational\nsymmetry S_M present in the case of identical coupled models is thus broken\ninitially. The duality transformations within the space of 2^M-1 multi-energy\ncouplings are shown to have a particularly simple form. The selfdual manifold\nhas dimension D_M = 2^{M-1}-1. Specialising to the case M=3, we identify a\nunique non-trivial critical point in the three-dimensional selfdual space. We\ncompare its critical exponents as computed from the perturbative\nrenormalisation group with numerical transfer matrix results. Our main\nobjective is to provide evidence that at the critical point of three different\ncoupled models the symmetry S_3 is restored."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "$1/\\varphi$ Spectrum of the Stress Dynamics with the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld\n  Sandpile: With the original Bak-Tang-Wisenefeld (BTW) sandpile we uncover the\n$1/\\varphi$ noise in the mechanism maintaining self-organized criticality (SOC)\n- the question raised together with the concept of SOC. We posit that the\ndynamics of stress in the BTW sandpile follows quasi-cycles of graduate stress\naccumulation that end up with an abrupt stress-release and the drop of the\nsystem to subcritical state. In thermodynamic limit, the intra-cycle dynamics\nexhibits the $1/\\varphi$ spectrum that extends infinitely and corresponds to\nthe stress-release within the critical state.",
        "positive": "Pulse solutions of the fractional effective models of the\n  Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattice with long-range interactions: We study analytical solutions of the Fractional Boussinesq Equation (FBE),\nwhich is an effective model for the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) one-dimensional\nlattice with long-range couplings. The couplings decay as a power-law with\nexponent s, with 1 < s < 3, so that the energy density is finite, but s is\nsmall enough to observe genuine long-range effects. The analytic solutions are\nobtained by introducing an ansatz for the dependence of the field on space and\ntime. This allows to reduce the FBE to an ordinary differential equation, which\ncan be explicitly solved. The solutions are initially localized and they\ndelocalize progressively as time evolves. Depending on the value of s the\nsolution is either a pulse (meaning a bump) or an anti-pulse (i.e., a hole) on\na constant field for 1 < s < 2 and 2 < s < 3, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological phase transition in a network model with preferential\n  attachment and node removal: Preferential attachment is a popular model of growing networks. We consider a\ngeneralized model with random node removal, and a combination of preferential\nand random attachment. Using a high-degree expansion of the master equation, we\nidentify a topological phase transition depending on the rate of node removal\nand the relative strength of preferential vs. random attachment, where the\ndegree distribution goes from a power law to one with an exponential tail.",
        "positive": "Counting statistics for non-interacting fermions in a rotating trap: We study the ground state of $N \\gg 1$ noninteracting fermions in a\ntwo-dimensional harmonic trap rotating at angular frequency $\\Omega>0$. The\nsupport of the density of the Fermi gas is a disk of radius $R_e$. We calculate\nthe variance of the number of fermions ${\\cal N}_R$ inside a disk of radius $R$\ncentered at the origin for $R$ in the bulk of the Fermi gas. We find rich and\ninteresting behaviours in two different scaling regimes: (i) $\\Omega / \\omega\n<1 $ and (ii) $1 - \\Omega / \\omega = O(1/N)$, where $\\omega$ is the angular\nfrequency of the oscillator. In the first regime (i) we find that ${\\rm\nVar}\\,{\\cal N}_{R}\\simeq\\left(A\\log N+B\\right)\\sqrt{N}$ and we calculate $A$\nand $B$ as functions of $R/R_e$, $\\Omega$ and $\\omega$. We also predict the\nhigher cumulants of ${\\cal N}_{R}$ and the bipartite entanglement entropy of\nthe disk with the rest of the system. In the second regime (ii), the mean\nfermion density exhibits a staircase form, with discrete plateaus corresponding\nto filling $k$ successive Landau levels, as found in previous studies. Here, we\nshow that ${\\rm Var}\\,{\\cal N}_{R}$ is a discontinuous piecewise linear\nfunction of $\\sim (R/R_e) \\sqrt{N}$ within each plateau, with coefficients that\nwe calculate exactly, and with steps whose precise shape we obtain for any $k$.\nWe argue that a similar piecewise linear behavior extends to all the cumulants\nof ${\\cal N}_{R}$ and to the entanglement entropy. We show that these results\nmatch smoothly at large $k$ with the above results for $\\Omega/\\omega=O(1)$.\nThese findings are nicely confirmed by numerical simulations. Finally, we\nuncover a universal behavior of ${\\rm Var}\\,{\\cal N}_{R}$ near the fermionic\nedge. We extend our results to a three-dimensional geometry, where an\nadditional confining potential is applied in the $z$ direction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium work energy relation for non-Hamiltonian dynamics: Recent years have witnessed major advances in our understanding of\nnonequilibrium processes. The Jarzynski equality, for example, provides a link\nbetween equilibrium free energy differences and finite-time, nonequilibrium\ndynamics. We propose a generalization of this relation to non-Hamiltonian\ndynamics, relevant for active matter systems, continuous feedback, and computer\nsimulation. Surprisingly, this relation allows us to calculate the free energy\ndifference between the desired initial and final equilibrium states using\narbitrary dynamics. As a practical matter, this dissociation between the\ndynamics and the initial and final states promises to facilitate a range of\ntechniques for free energy estimation in a single, universal expression.",
        "positive": "Dynamic metastability in the two-dimensional Potts ferromagnet: We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of the 2D Potts model on the\nsquare lattice after a quench below the discontinuous transition point. By\nmeans of numerical simulations of systems with q =12,24 and 48 we observe the\nonset of a stationary regime below the temperature-driven transition, in a\ntemperature interval decreasing with the system size and increasing with q.\nThese results obtained dynamically agree with those obtained from the\nanalytical continuation of the free energy (Meunier and Morel, 2000), from\nwhich metastability in the 2D Potts model results to be a finite size effect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo simulations of the Ising and the Sznajd model on growing\n  Barabasi - Albert networks: The Ising model shows on growing Barabasi - Albert networks the same\nferromagnetic behavior as on static Barabasi - Albert networks. Sznajd models\non growing Barabasi - Albert networks show an hysteresis like behavior. Nearly\na full consensus builds up and the winning opinion depends on history. On slow\ngrowing Barabasi - Albert networks a full consensus builds up. At five opinions\nin the Sznajd model with limited persuasion on growing Barabasi - Albert\nnetworks, all odd opinions win and all even opinions loose supporters.",
        "positive": "Exact results on the quench dynamics of the entanglement entropy in the\n  toric code: We study quantum quenches in the two-dimensional Kitaev toric code model and\ncompute exactly the time-dependent entanglement entropy of the non-equilibrium\nwave-function evolving from a paramagnetic initial state with the toric code\nHamiltonian. We find that the area law survives at all times. Adding disorder\nto the toric code couplings makes the entanglement entropy per unit boundary\nlength saturate to disorder-independent values at long times and in the\nthermodynamic limit. There are order-one corrections to the area law from the\ncorners in the subsystem boundary but the topological entropy remains zero at\nall times. We argue that breaking the integrability with a small magnetic field\ncould change the area law to a volume scaling as expected of thermalized states\nbut is not sufficient for forming topological entanglement due to the presence\nof an excess energy and a finite density of defects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kibble-Zurek mechanism beyond adiabaticity: Finite-time scaling with\n  critical initial slip: The Kibble-Zurek mechanism demands an initial adiabatic stage before an\nimpulse stage to have a frozen correlation length that generates topological\ndefects in a cooling phase transition. Here we study such a driven critical\ndynamics but with an initial condition that is near the critical point and that\nis far away from equilibrium. In this case, there is no initial adiabatic stage\nat all and thus adiabaticity is broken. However, we show that there again\nexists a finite length scale arising from the driving that divides the\nevolution into three stages. A relaxation--finite-time scaling--adiabatic\nscenario is then proposed in place of the adiabatic--impulse--adiabatic\nscenario of the original Kibble-Zurek mechanism. A unified scaling theory,\nwhich combines finite-time scaling with critical initial slip, is developed to\ndescribe the universal behavior and is confirmed with numerical simulations of\na two-dimensional classical Ising model.",
        "positive": "Front propagation in A+B -> 2A reaction under subdiffusion: We consider an irreversible autocatalytic conversion reaction A+B -> 2A under\nsubdiffusion described by continuous time random walks. The reactants'\ntransformations take place independently on their motion and are described by\nconstant rates. The analog of this reaction in the case of normal diffusion is\ndescribed by the Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov (FKPP) equation leading\nto the existence of a nonzero minimal front propagation velocity which is\nreally attained by the front in its stable motion. We show that for\nsubdiffusion this minimal propagation velocity is zero, which suggests\npropagation failure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Search for superfluidity in supercooled liquid parahydrogen: The possible superfluid transition of supercooled liquid parahydrogen is\ninvestigated by quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The cooling protocol adopted\nhere allows for the investigation of a fluid phase down to a temperature T=0.25\nK. No evidence of superfluidity is found, as exchanges of identical particles\nare strongly suppressed even at the lowest temperature. Is shown that, contrary\nto a commonly held belief, it is not the well depth of the pair-wise\ninteraction but rather its relatively large hard core diameter that physically\nhinders superfluidity in parahydrogen.",
        "positive": "Casimir force induced by imperfect Bose gas: We present a study of the Casimir effect in an imperfect (mean-field) Bose\ngas contained between two infinite parallel plane walls. The derivation of the\nCasimir force follows from the calculation of the excess grand canonical free\nenergy density under periodic, Dirichlet, and Neumann boundary conditions with\nthe use of the steepest descent method. In the one-phase region the force\ndecays exponentially fast when distance $D$ between the walls tends to\ninfinity. When Bose-Einstein condensation point is approached the decay length\nin the exponential law diverges with critical exponent $\\nu_{IMP}=1$, which\ndiffers from the perfect gas case where $\\nu_{P}=1/2$. In the two-phase region\nthe Casimir force is long-range, and decays following the power law $D^{-3}$,\nwith the same amplitude as in the perfect gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Random Quadratic Assignment Problem: Optimal assignment of classes to classrooms \\cite{dickey}, design of DNA\nmicroarrays \\cite{carvalho}, cross species gene analysis \\cite{kolar}, creation\nof hospital layouts cite{elshafei}, and assignment of components to locations\non circuit boards \\cite{steinberg} are a few of the many problems which have\nbeen formulated as a quadratic assignment problem (QAP). Originally formulated\nin 1957, the QAP is one of the most difficult of all combinatorial optimization\nproblems. Here, we use statistical mechanical methods to study the asymptotic\nbehavior of problems in which the entries of at least one of the two matrices\nthat specify the problem are chosen from a random distribution $P$.\nSurprisingly, this case has not been studied before using statistical methods\ndespite the fact that the QAP was first proposed over 50 years ago\n\\cite{Koopmans}. We find simple forms for $C_{\\rm min}$ and $C_{\\rm max}$, the\ncosts of the minimal and maximum solutions respectively. Notable features of\nour results are the symmetry of the results for $C_{\\rm min}$ and $C_{\\rm max}$\nand the dependence on $P$ only through its mean and standard deviation,\nindependent of the details of $P$. After the asymptotic cost is determined for\na given QAP problem, one can straightforwardly calculate the asymptotic cost of\na QAP problem specified with a different random distribution $P$.",
        "positive": "Anomalous Binder Cumulant and Lack of Self-Averageness in Systems with\n  Quenched Disorder: The Binder cumulant (BC) has been widely used for locating the phase\ntransition point accurately in systems with thermal noise. In systems with\nquenched disorder, the BC may show subtle finite-size effects due to large\nsample-to-sample fluctuations. We study the globally coupled Kuramoto model of\ninteracting limit-cycle oscillators with random natural frequencies and find an\nanomalous dip in the BC near the transition. We show that the dip is related to\nnon-self-averageness of the order parameter at the transition. Alternative\ndefinitions of the BC, which do not show any anomalous behavior regardless of\nthe existence of non-self-averageness, are proposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatiotemporal dynamics of discrete sine-Gordon lattices with sinusoidal\n  couplings: The spatiotemporal dynamics of a damped sine-Gordon chain with sinusoidal\nnearest-neighbor couplings driven by a constant uniform force are discussed.\nThe velocity characteristics of the chain versus the external force is shown.\nDynamics in the high- and low-velocity regimes are investigated. It is found\nthat in the high-velocity regime, the dynamics is dominated by rotating modes,\nthe velocity shows a branching bifurcation feature, while in the low-velocity\nregime, the velocity exhibits step-like dynamical transitions, broken by the\ndestruction of strong resonances.",
        "positive": "Characterizing eigenstate thermalization via measures in the Fock space\n  of operators: The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) attempts to bridge the gap\nbetween quantum mechanical and statistical mechanical descriptions of isolated\nquantum systems. Here, we define unbiased measures for how well the ETH works\nin various regimes, by mapping general interacting quantum systems on regular\nlattices onto a single particle living on a high-dimensional graph. By\nnumerically analyzing deviations from ETH behavior in the non-integrable Ising\nmodel, we propose a quantity that we call the $n$-$weight$ to democratically\ncharacterize the average deviations for all operators residing on a given\nnumber of sites, irrespective of their spatial structure. It appears to have a\nsimple scaling form, that we conjecture to hold true for all non-integrable\nsystems. A closely related quantity, that we term the $n$-$distinguishability$,\ntells us how well two states can be distinguished if only $n$-site operators\nare measured. Along the way, we discover that complicated operators on average\nare worse than simple ones at distinguishing between neighboring eigenstates,\ncontrary to the naive intuition created by the usual statements of the ETH that\nfew-body (many-body) operators acquire the same (different) expectation values\nin nearby eigenstates at finite energy density. Finally, we sketch heuristic\narguments that the ETH originates from the limited ability of simple operators\nto distinguish between quantum states of a system, especially when the states\nare subject to constraints such as roughly fixed energy with respect to a local\nHamiltonian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Homogeneous functions of degree one and heat phenomena in potential\n  fields: The variational argument is presented to establish the attainability of\nhomogeneity of degree one in the number of particles for any functional $F[n,\nf]$ that depends on both the state variable $f$ and the particle count $n$.\nEuler's integration of homogeneous functions applies to any such functional.\nThis argument is employed to examine the heat equilibrium of a system\ncontaining an undefined and unconserved number of indistinguishable particles\nwithin each cell $h^3$ in the quantized phase-space of particle coordinates and\nmomenta, with $h$ representing the Planck constant, including for the case of\nthe smallest system of a single elementary volume. The system does not exchange\nparticles with a reservoir, and the uncertainty in particle count is intrinsic\nto the system itself. The system is maintained at a constant temperature $T$\nwith a chemical potential denoted by $\\mu$. The definition of chemical\npotential is based on variational principles related to homogeneous functions\nof degree one. The equilibrium particle density is analyzed in the presence of\ngravitational and electric fields characterized by a central $\\frac{1}{r}$\nreciprocally decaying potential, where the local density of potential field\nsources is provided for partition functions defined by the nature of the\nparticles. A star is a point source of gravitation embedded in a rarefied\nambient gas, where heat phenomena create a 'dark' illusion of additional mass\npresence. For an atomic core as a point source of an electric field in an\nelectron gas, the study explores the temperature-dependent potential barrier in\nthe electric field in atoms, where electron states correspond to particle\nstates moving in the potential field with a barrier situated between a well and\na valley. The homogeneous functionals for particle density energy and particle\nenergy itself are discussed.",
        "positive": "Emergent topological excitations in a two-dimensional quantum spin\n  system: We study the mechanism of decay of a topological (winding-number) excitation\ndue to finite-size effects in a two-dimensional valence-bond solid state,\nrealized in an $S=1/2$ spin model ($J$-$Q$ model) and studied using projector\nMonte Carlo simulations in the valence bond basis. A topological excitation\nwith winding number $|W|>0$ contains domain walls, which are unstable due to\nthe emergence of long valence bonds in the wave function, unlike in effective\ndescriptions with the quantum dimer model. We find that the life time of the\nwinding number in imaginary time diverges as a power of the system length $L$.\nThe energy can be computed within this time (i.e., it converges toward a\n\"quasi-eigenvalue\" before the winding number decays) and agrees for large $L$\nwith the domain-wall energy computed in an open lattice with boundary\nmodifications enforcing a domain wall. Constructing a simplified two-state\nmodel and using the imaginary-time behavior from the simulations as input, we\nfind that the real-time decay rate out of the initial winding sector is\nexponentially small in $L$. Thus, the winding number rapidly becomes a\nwell-defined conserved quantum number for large systems, supporting the\nconclusions reached by computing the energy quasi-eigenvalues. Including\nHeisenberg exchange interactions which brings the system to a quantum-critical\npoint separating the valence-bond solid from an antiferromagnetic ground state\n(the putative \"deconfined\" quantum-critical point), we can also converge the\ndomain wall energy here and find that it decays as a power-law of the system\nsize. Thus, the winding number is an emergent quantum number also at the\ncritical point, with all winding number sectors becoming degenerate in the\nthermodynamic limit. This supports the description of the critical point in\nterms of a U(1) gauge-field theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion: from superstatistics to\n  subordination of diffusing diffusivities: A growing number of biological, soft, and active matter systems are observed\nto exhibit normal diffusive dynamics with a linear growth of the mean squared\ndisplacement, yet with a non-Gaussian distribution of increments. Based on the\nChubinsky-Slater idea of a diffusing diffusivity we here establish and analyze\na minimal model framework of diffusion processes with fluctuating diffusivity.\nIn particular, we demonstrate the equivalence of the diffusing diffusivity\nprocess with a superstatistical approach with a distribution of diffusivities,\nat times shorter than the diffusivity correlation time. At longer times a\ncrossover to a Gaussian distribution with an effective diffusivity emerges.\nSpecifically, we establish a subordination picture of Brownian but non-Gaussian\ndiffusion processes, that can be used for a wide class of diffusivity\nfluctuation statistics. Our results are shown to be in excellent agreement with\nsimulations and numerical evaluations.",
        "positive": "The effects of disorder on Harris-criterion violating percolation: We present the results of computer simulations on a class of percolative\nsystems, called protected percolation, that violates the Harris criterion. The\nHarris criterion states whether the critical behavior at a phase transition\nfrom a disordered state to an ordered state will be altered by impurities. We\nhave incorporated impurities into our simulations to test whether the critical\nexponents for protected percolation are altered by impurities. We find that the\ncritical exponents for three-dimensional protected percolation simulations\nindeed change with impurities in the form of missing sites and immortal sites.\nOn the other hand, the critical exponents for both standard percolation and\nprotected percolation in two dimensions are stable against impurities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Immunization of complex networks: Complex networks such as the sexual partnership web or the Internet often\nshow a high degree of redundancy and heterogeneity in their connectivity\nproperties. This peculiar connectivity provides an ideal environment for the\nspreading of infective agents. Here we show that the random uniform\nimmunization of individuals does not lead to the eradication of infections in\nall complex networks. Namely, networks with scale-free properties do not\nacquire global immunity from major epidemic outbreaks even in the presence of\nunrealistically high densities of randomly immunized individuals. The absence\nof any critical immunization threshold is due to the unbounded connectivity\nfluctuations of scale-free networks. Successful immunization strategies can be\ndeveloped only by taking into account the inhomogeneous connectivity properties\nof scale-free networks. In particular, targeted immunization schemes, based on\nthe nodes' connectivity hierarchy, sharply lower the network's vulnerability to\nepidemic attacks.",
        "positive": "Generalized Migdal-Kadanoff Bond-moving Renormalization Recursion\n  Procedure II: Symmetrical Half-length Bond Operation on Fractals: In this second part of the series of two papers we report another type of\ngeneralized Migdal-Kadanoff bond-moving renormalization group transformation\nrecursion procedures considering symmetrical single bond operations on\nfractals. The critical behavior of the spin-continuous Gaussian model\nconstructed on the Sierpinski gaskets is studied as an example to reveal its\npredominance in application. Results obtained by this means are found to be in\ngood conformity with those obtained from other studies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Truncation effects in superdiffusive front propagation with L\u00e9vy\n  flights: A numerical and analytical study of the role of exponentially truncated\nL\\'evy flights in the superdiffusive propagation of fronts in\nreaction-diffusion systems is presented. The study is based on a variation of\nthe Fisher-Kolmogorov equation where the diffusion operator is replaced by a\n$\\lambda$-truncated fractional derivative of order $\\alpha$ where $1/\\lambda$\nis the characteristic truncation length scale. For $\\lambda=0$ there is no\ntruncation and fronts exhibit exponential acceleration and algebraic decaying\ntails. It is shown that for $\\lambda \\neq 0$ this phenomenology prevails in the\nintermediate asymptotic regime $(\\chi t)^{1/\\alpha} \\ll x \\ll 1/\\lambda$ where\n$\\chi$ is the diffusion constant. Outside the intermediate asymptotic regime,\ni.e. for $x > 1/\\lambda$, the tail of the front exhibits the tempered decay\n$\\phi \\sim e^{-\\lambda x}/x^{(1+\\alpha)} $, the acceleration is transient, and\nthe front velocity, $v_L$, approaches the terminal speed $v_* = (\\gamma -\n\\lambda^\\alpha \\chi)/\\lambda$ as $t\\to \\infty$, where it is assumed that\n$\\gamma > \\lambda^\\alpha \\chi$ with $\\gamma$ denoting the growth rate of the\nreaction kinetics. However, the convergence of this process is algebraic, $v_L\n\\sim v_* - \\alpha /(\\lambda t)$, which is very slow compared to the exponential\nconvergence observed in the diffusive (Gaussian) case. An over-truncated regime\nin which the characteristic truncation length scale is shorter than the length\nscale of the decay of the initial condition, $1/\\nu$, is also identified. In\nthis extreme regime, fronts exhibit exponential tails, $\\phi \\sim e^{-\\nu x}$,\nand move at the constant velocity, $v=(\\gamma - \\lambda^\\alpha \\chi)/\\nu$.",
        "positive": "Understanding the phenomenon of viscous slowing down of glass-forming\n  liquids from the static pair correlation function: A theory which uses data of the static pair-correlation function is developed\nto calculate quantities associated with the viscous slowing down of supercooled\nliquids. We calculate value of the energy fluctuations that determine the\nnumber of stable bonds a particle forms with neighbors from data of the\nstructural relaxation time. The number of bonds and the activation energy for\nrelaxation are shown to increase sharply in a narrow temperature range close to\nthe glass temperature. The configurational entropy calculated from values of\nthe configurational fluctuations is found in good agreement with the value\ndetermined from simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Operator Product Expansion in Liouville Field Theory and Seiberg type\n  transitions in log-correlated Random Energy Models: We study transitions in log-correlated Random Energy Models (logREMs) that\nare related to the violation of a Seiberg bound in Liouville field theory\n(LFT): the binding transition and the termination point transition (a.k.a.\npre-freezing). By means of LFT-logREM mapping, replica symmetry breaking and\ntraveling-wave equation techniques, we unify both transitions in a\ntwo-parameter diagram, which describes the free energy large deviations of\nlogREMs with a deterministic background log potential, or equivalently, the\njoint moments of the free energy and Gibbs measure in logREMs without\nbackground potential. Under the LFT-logREM mapping, the transitions correspond\nto the competition of discrete and continuous terms in a four-point correlation\nfunction. Our results provide a statistical interpretation of a peculiar\nnon-locality of the operator product expansion in LFT. The results are\nre-derived by a traveling-wave equation calculation, which shows that the\nfeatures of LFT responsible for the transitions are reproduced in a simple\nmodel of diffusion with absorption. We examine also the problem by a replica\nsymmetry breaking analysis. It complements the previous methods and reveals a\nrich large deviation structure of the free energy of logREMs with a\ndeterministic background log potential. Many results are verified in the\nintegrable circular logREM, by a replica-Coulomb gas integral approach. The\nrelated problem of common length (overlap) distribution is also considered. We\nprovide a traveling-wave equation derivation of the LFT predictions announced\nin a precedent work.",
        "positive": "Interface growth driven by a single active particle: We study pattern formation, fluctuations and scaling induced by a\ngrowth-promoting active walker on an otherwise static interface. Active\nparticles on an interface define a simple model for energy consuming proteins\nembedded in the plasma membrane, responsible for membrane deformation and cell\nmovement. In our model, the active particle overturns local valleys of the\ninterface into hills, simulating growth, while itself sliding and seeking new\nvalleys. In 1D, this overturn-slide-search dynamics of the active particle\ncauses it to move superdiffusively in the transverse direction while pulling\nthe immobile interface upwards. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we find an\nemerging tent-like mean profile developing with time, despite large\nfluctuations. The roughness of the interface follows scaling with the growth,\ndynamic and roughness exponents, derived using simple arguments as $\\beta=2/3,\nz=3/2, \\alpha=1/2$ respectively, implying a breakdown of the usual scaling law\n$\\beta = \\alpha/z$, owing to very local growth of the interface. The transverse\ndisplacement of the puller on the interface scales as $\\sim t^{2/3}$ and the\nprobability distribution of its displacement is bimodal, with an unusual linear\ncusp at the origin. Both the mean interface pattern and probability\ndistribution display scaling. A puller on a static 2D interface also displays\naspects of scaling in the mean profile and probability distribution. We also\nshow that a pusher on a fluctuating interface moves subdiffusively leading to a\nseparation of time scale in pusher motion and interface response."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A note on Fick's law with phase transitions: We characterize the non equilibrium stationary states in two classes of\nsystems where phase transitions are present. We prove that the interface in the\nlimit is a plane which separates the two phases.",
        "positive": "Momentum-dependence in the infinitesimal Wilsonian renormalization group: Wilson's original formulation of the renormalization group is perturbative in\nnature. We here present an alternative derivation of the infinitesimal momentum\nshell RG, akin to the Wegner and Houghton scheme, that is a priori exact. We\nshow that the momentum-dependence of vertices is key to obtain a diagrammatic\nframework that has the same one-loop structure as the vertex expansion of the\nWetterich equation. Momentum dependence leads to a delayed functional\ndifferential equation in the cutoff parameter. Approximations are then made at\ntwo points: truncation of the vertex expansion and approximating the functional\nform of the momentum dependence by a momentum-scale expansion. We exemplify the\nmethod on the scalar $\\varphi^{4}$-theory, computing analytically the\nWilson-Fisher fixed point, its anomalous dimension $\\eta(d)$ and the critical\nexponent $\\nu(d)$ non-perturbatively in $d\\in[3,4]$ dimensions. The results are\nin reasonable agreement with the known values, despite the simplicity of the\nmethod."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crucial role of sidewalls in velocity distributions in quasi-2D granular\n  gases: Our experiments and three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulations of\nparticles confined to a vertical monolayer by closely spaced frictional walls\n(sidewalls) yield velocity distributions with non-Gaussian tails and a peak\nnear zero velocity. Simulations with frictionless sidewalls are not peaked.\nThus interactions between particles and their container are an important\ndeterminant of the shape of the distribution and should be considered when\nevaluating experiments on a tightly constrained monolayer of particles.",
        "positive": "On critical behavior of phase transitions in certain antiferromagnets\n  with complicated ordering: Within the four-loop $\\ve$ expansion, we study the critical behavior of\ncertain antiferromagnets with complicated ordering. We show that an anisotropic\nstable fixed point governs the phase transitions with new critical exponents.\nThis is supported by the estimate of critical dimensionality $N_c^C=1.445(20)$\nobtained from six loops via the exact relation $N_c^C={1/2} N_c^R$ established\nfor the real and complex hypercubic models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A characteristic of Bennett's acceptance ratio method: A powerful and well-established tool for free-energy estimation is\n  Bennett's acceptance ratio method. Central properties of this estimator,\nwhich employs samples of work values of a forward and its time reversed\nprocess, are known: for given sets of measured work values, it results in the\nbest estimate of the free-energy difference in the large sample limit. Here we\nstate and prove a further characteristic of the acceptance ratio method: the\nconvexity of its mean square error. As a two-sided estimator, it depends on the\nratio of the numbers of forward and reverse work values used. Convexity of its\nmean square error immediately implies that there exists an unique optimal ratio\nfor which the error becomes minimal. Further, it yields insight into the\nrelation of the acceptance ratio method and estimators based on the Jarzynski\nequation. As an application, we study the performance of a dynamic strategy of\nsampling forward and reverse work values.",
        "positive": "Annealed disorder, rare regions, and local moments: A novel mechanism\n  for metal-insulator transitions: Local magnetic moments in disordered sytems can be described in terms of\nannealed magnetic disorder, in addition to the underlying quenched disorder. It\nis shown that for noninteracting electron systems at zero temperature, the\nannealed disorder leads to a new mechanism, and a new universality class, for a\nmetal-insulator transition. The transition is driven by a vanishing of the\nthermodynamic density susceptibility rather than by localization effects. The\ncritical behavior near two-dimensions is determined, and the underlying physics\nis discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Observation of the vertex-rounding transition for a crystal in\n  equilibrium: oxygen-covered tungsten: Equilibrium crystal shape of oxygen-covered tungsten is followed as a\nfunction of temperature using field ion microscopy. In the vicinity of the\n(111) region, at the temperature $970\\pm70$ K, the system undergoes a phase\ntransition from a polyhedral form (sharp edges and sharp vertex) to a rounded\nform (sharp edges, rounded vertex).",
        "positive": "A Discrete Model for Nonequilibrium Growth Under Surface Diffusion Bias: A limited mobility nonequilibrium solid-on-solid dynamical model for kinetic\nsurface growth is introduced as a simple description for the morphological\nevolution of a growing interface under random vapor deposition and surface\ndiffusion bias conditions. Simulations using a local coordination dependent\ninstantaneous relaxation of the deposited atoms produce complex surface mound\nmorphologies whose dynamical evolution is inconsistent with all the proposed\ncontinuum surface growth equations. For any finite bias, mound coarsening is\nfound to be only an initial transient which vanishes asymptotically, with the\nasymptotic growth exponent being 0.5 in both 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions. Possible\nexperimental implications of the proposed limited mobility nonequilibrium model\nfor real interface growth under a surface diffusion bias are critically\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Some universal trends of the Mie(n,m) fluid thermodynamics: By using canonical Monte Carlo simulation, the liquid-vapor phase diagram,\nsurface tension, interface width, and pressure for the Mie(n,m) model fluids\nare calculated for six pairs of parameters $m$ and $n$. It is shown that after\ncertain re-scaling of fluid density the corresponding states rule can be\napplied for the calculations of the thermodynamic properties of the Mie model\nfluids, and for some real substances",
        "positive": "Asymmetric coupling in two-lane simple exclusion process with Langmuir\n  kinetics: phase diagrams and boundary layers: We study an open system composed of two parallel totally asymmetric simple\nexclusion processes with particle attachment and detachment in the bulk. The\nparticles are allowed to change their lane from lane-A to lane-B, but not\nconversely. We investigate the steady-state behavior of the system using\nboundary layer analysis on continuum mean-field equations to provide the phase\ndiagram. The structure of the phase diagram is quite complex and provides a\ncomplete insight about the steady-state dynamics. We examine two kinds of\ntransitions in the phase plane: bulk transitions and surface transitions,\nqualitatively as well as quantitatively. The dynamics of shock formation,\nlocalization and their dependence on the system parameters and boundary rates\nhave been investigated. We also justify the non-existence of downward shock in\nboth the lanes using fixed point theory. Further, we examine the effect of\nincreasing lane-changing rate on the steady-state dynamics and observe that the\nnumber of steady-state phases reduces with increase in lane-changing rate. Our\ntheoretical results are supported with extensive Monte-Carlo simulation\nresults."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological Defects on the Lattice I: The Ising model: In this paper and its sequel, we construct topologically invariant defects in\ntwo-dimensional classical lattice models and quantum spin chains. We show how\ndefect lines commute with the transfer matrix/Hamiltonian when they obey the\ndefect commutation relations, cousins of the Yang-Baxter equation. These\nrelations and their solutions can be extended to allow defect lines to branch\nand fuse, again with properties depending only on topology. In this part I, we\nfocus on the simplest example, the Ising model. We define lattice spin-flip and\nduality defects and their branching, and prove they are topological. One useful\nconsequence is a simple implementation of Kramers-Wannier duality on the torus\nand higher genus surfaces by using the fusion of duality defects. We use these\ntopological defects to do simple calculations that yield exact properties of\nthe conformal field theory describing the continuum limit. For example, the\nshift in momentum quantization with duality-twisted boundary conditions yields\nthe conformal spin 1/16 of the chiral spin field. Even more strikingly, we\nderive the modular transformation matrices explicitly and exactly.",
        "positive": "The formation and arrangement of pits by a corrosive gas: When corroding or otherwise aggressive particles are incident on a surface,\npits can form. For example, under certain circumstances rock surfaces that are\nexposed to salts can form regular tessellating patterns of pits known as\n\"tafoni\". We introduce a simple lattice model in which a gas of corrosive\nparticles, described by a discrete convection diffusion equation, drifts onto a\nsurface. Each gas particle has a fixed probability of being absorbed and\ncausing damage at each contact. The surface is represented by a lattice of\nstrength numbers which reduce after each absorbtion event, with sites being\nremoved when their strength becomes negative. The model generates regular\nformations of pits, with each pit having a characteristic trapezoidal geometry\ndetermined by the particle bias, absorbtion probability and surface strength.\nThe formation of this geometry may be understood in terms of a first order\npartial differential equation. By viewing pits as particle funnels, we are able\nto relate the gradient of pit walls to absorbtion probability and particle\nbias."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "$O(N)$ fluctuations and lattice distortions in 1-dimensional systems: Statistical mechanics harmonizes mechanical and thermodynamical quantities,\nvia the notion of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). In absence of external\ndrivings, LTE becomes equilibrium tout court, and states are characterized by\nseveral thermodynamic quantities, each of which is associated with negligibly\nfluctuating microscopic properties. Under small driving and LTE, locally\nconserved quantities are transported as prescribed by linear hydrodynamic laws,\nin which the local material properties of the system are represented by the\ntransport coefficients. In 1-dimensional systems, on the other hand, the\ntransport coefficients often appear to depend on the global state, rather than\non the local state of the system at hand. We interpret these facts within the\nframework of boundary driven 1-dimensional Lennard-Jones chains of $N$\noscillators, observing that they experience non-negligible $O(N)$ lattice\ndistortions and fluctuations. This implies that standard hydrodynamics and\ncertain expressions of energy flow do not apply in these cases. One possible\nmodification of the energy flow is considered.",
        "positive": "Semiclassical corrections to the interaction energy of a hard-sphere\n  Boltzmann gas: Quantum effects in statistical mechanics are important when the thermal\nwavelength is of the order of, or greater than, the mean interatomic spacing.\nThis is examined at depth taking the example of a hard-sphere Boltzmann gas.\nUsing the virial expansion for the equation of state, it is shown that the\ninteraction energy of a classical hard-sphere gas is exactly zero. When the\n(second) virial coefficient of such a gas is obtained quantum mechanically,\nhowever, the quantum contribution to the interaction energy is shown to be\nsubstantial. The importance of the semiclassical corrections to the interaction\nenergy shows up dramatically in such a system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization Group for Large N Strongly Commensurate Dirty Boson\n  Model: The large N sigma model, in D<4 space-time dimensions, with disorder a\nfunction of d space dimensions, is analyzed via a renormalization group\ntreatment. Critical exponents for average quantities are calculated, first to\nlowest order and then to all orders, in $\\epsilon=D-2 - d/2$. In particular, it\nis found that $\\nu d =2$. When D=d+1, this model is equivalent to a large N\nlimit of the strongly commensurate dirty boson problem.",
        "positive": "Statistics of reversible transitions in two-state trajectories in\n  force-ramp spectroscopy: A possible way to extract information about the reversible dissociation of a\nmolecular adhesion bond from force fluctuations observed in force ramp\nexperiments is discussed. For small loading rates the system undergoes a\nlimited number of unbinding and rebinding transitions observable in the\nso-called force versus extension (FE) curves. The statistics of these transient\nfluctuations can be utilized to estimate the parameters for the rebinding rate.\nThis is relevant in the experimentally important situation where the direct\nobservation of the reversed FE-curves is hampered, e.g. due to the presence of\nsoft linkers. I generalize the stochastic theory of the kinetics in two-state\nmodels to the case of time-dependent kinetic rates and compute the relevant\ndistributions of characteristic forces. While for irreversible systems there is\nan intrinsic relation between the rupture force distribution and the population\nof the free-energy well of the bound state, the situation is slightly more\ncomplex if reversible systems are considered. For a two-state model, a\n'stationary' rupture force distribution that is proportional to the population\ncan be defined and allows to consistently discuss quantities averaged over the\ntransient fluctuations. While irreversible systems are best analyzed in the\nsoft spring limit of small pulling device stiffness and large loading rates,\nhere I argue to use the stiffness of the pulling device as a control parameter\nin addition to the loading rate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theoretical studies on quantum pump and excess entropy production:\n  Quantum master equation approach: In this thesis, we considered quantum systems coupled to several baths. We\nsupposed that the system state is governed by the quantum master equation\n(QME). We investigated the quantum pump and the excess entropy production. In\nthe first half of the thesis, we investigated the quantum pump using the full\ncounting statistics with quantum master equation (FCS-QME) approach. In the\nlatter part of the thesis, we investigated the excess entropy production. The\naverage entropy production is composed of the time integral of the\ninstantaneous steady entropy production rate and the excess entropy production.\nWe define average entropy production rate using the average energy and particle\ncurrents, which are calculated by using the full counting statistics with QME.\nThe excess entropy production is given by a line integral in the control\nparameter space and its integrand is called the Berry-Sinitsyn-Nemenman (BSN)\nvector. In the weakly nonequilibrium regime, we show that BSN vector is\ndescribed by $\\ln \\rho_0^{(-1)}$ and $\\rho_0$ where $\\rho_0$ is the\ninstantaneous steady state of the QME and $\\rho_0^{(-1)}$ is that of the QME\nwhich is given by reversing the sign of the Lamb shift term. In general, the\npotential dose not exist. The origins of the non-existence of the potential are\na quantum effect (the Lamb shift) and the breaking of the time-reversal\nsymmetry. The non-existence of the potential means that the excess entropy\nessentially depends on the path of the modulation. If the system Hamiltonian is\nnon-degenerate or the Lamb shift term is negligible, the excess entropy\nproduction approximately reduces to the difference between the von Neumann\nentropies of the system. We pointed out that the expression of the entropy\nproduction obtained in the classical Markov jump process is different from our\nresult and showed that these are approximately equivalent only in the weakly\nnonequilibrium regime.",
        "positive": "Criticality of the random-site Ising model: Metropolis, Swendsen-Wang\n  and Wolff Monte Carlo algorithms: We apply numerical simulations to study the criticality of the 3D Ising model\nwith random site quenched dilution. The emphasis is given to the issues not\nbeing discussed in detail before. In particular, we attempt a comparison of\ndifferent Monte Carlo techniques, discussing regions of their applicability and\nadvantages/disadvantages depending on the aim of a particular simulation set.\nMoreover, besides evaluation of the critical indices we estimate the universal\nratio $\\Gamma^+/\\Gamma^-$ for the magnetic susceptibility critical amplitudes.\nOur estimate $\\Gamma^+/\\Gamma^- = 1.67 \\pm 0.15$ is in a good agreement with\nthe recent MC analysis of the random-bond Ising model giving further support\nthat both random-site and random-bond dilutions lead to the same universality\nclass."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exactness of the cluster variation method and factorization of the\n  equilibrium probability for the Wako-Saito-Munoz-Eaton model of protein\n  folding: I study the properties of the equilibrium probability distribution of a\nprotein folding model originally introduced by Wako and Saito, and later\nreconsidered by Munoz and Eaton. The model is a one-dimensional model with\nbinary variables and many-body, long-range interactions, which has been solved\nexactly through a mapping to a two-dimensional model of binary variables with\nlocal constraints. Here I show that the equilibrium probability of this\ntwo-dimensional model factors into the product of local cluster probabilities,\neach raised to a suitable exponent. The clusters involved are single sites,\nnearest-neighbour pairs and square plaquettes, and the exponents are the\ncoefficients of the entropy expansion of the cluster variation method. As a\nconsequence, the cluster variation method is exact for this model.",
        "positive": "Dynamical models and the phase ordering kinetics of the s=1 spinor\n  condensate: The $s=1$ spinor Bose condensate at zero temperature supports ferromagnetic\nand polar phases that combine magnetic and superfluid ordering. We investigate\nthe formation of magnetic domains at finite temperature and magnetic field in\ntwo dimensions in an optical trap. We study the general ground state phase\ndiagram of a spin-1 system and focus on a phase that has a magnetic Ising order\nparameter and numerically determine the nature of the finite temperature\nsuperfluid and magnetic phase transitions. We then study three different\ndynamical models: model A, which has no conserved quantities, model F, which\nhas a conserved second sound mode and the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation which\nhas a conserved density and magnetization. We find the dynamic critical\nexponent to be the same for models A and F ($z=2$) but different for GP ($z\n\\approx 3$). Externally imposed magnetization conservation in models A and F\nyields the value $z \\approx 3$, which demonstrates that the only conserved\ndensity relevant to domain formation is the magnetization density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Persistence with Partial Survival: We introduce a parameter $p$, called partial survival, in the persistence of\nstochastic processes and show that for smooth processes the persistence\nexponent $\\theta(p)$ changes continuously with $p$, $\\theta(0)$ being the usual\npersistence exponent. We compute $\\theta(p)$ exactly for a one-dimensional\ndeterministic coarsening model, and approximately for the diffusion equation.\nFinally we develop an exact, systematic series expansion for $\\theta(p)$, in\npowers of $\\epsilon=1-p$, for a general Gaussian process with finite density of\nzero crossings.",
        "positive": "Stochastic dynamics of N bistable elements with global time-delayed\n  interactions: towards an exact solution of the master equations for finite N: We consider a network of N noisy bistable elements with global time-delayed\ncouplings. In a two-state description, where elements are represented by Ising\nspins, the collective dynamics is described by an infinite hierarchy of coupled\nmaster equations which was solved at the mean-field level in the thermodynamic\nlimit. For a finite number of elements, an analytical description was deemed so\nfar intractable and numerical studies seemed to be necessary. In this paper we\nconsider the case of two interacting elements and show that a partial\nanalytical description of the stationary state is possible if the stochastic\nprocess is time-symmetric. This requires some relationship between the\ntransition rates to be satisfied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tagged-particle dynamics in a hard-sphere system: mode-coupling theory\n  analysis: The predictions of the mode-coupling theory of the glass transition (MCT) for\nthe tagged-particle density-correlation functions and the mean-squared\ndisplacement curves are compared quantitatively and in detail to results from\nNewtonian- and Brownian-dynamics simulations of a polydisperse\nquasi-hard-sphere system close to the glass transition. After correcting for a\n17% error in the dynamical length scale and for a smaller error in the\ntransition density, good agreement is found over a wide range of wave numbers\nand up to five orders of magnitude in time. Deviations are found at the highest\ndensities studied, and for small wave vectors and the mean-squared\ndisplacement. Possible error sources not related to MCT are discussed in\ndetail, thereby identifying more clearly the issues arising from the MCT\napproximation itself. The range of applicability of MCT for the different types\nof short-time dynamics is established through asymptotic analyses of the\nrelaxation curves, examining the wave-number and density-dependent\ncharacteristic parameters. Approximations made in the description of the\nequilibrium static structure are shown to have a remarkable effect on the\npredicted numerical value for the glass-transition density. Effects of small\npolydispersity are also investigated, and shown to be negligible.",
        "positive": "On the free energy within the mean-field approximation: We compare two widespread formulations of the mean-field approximation, based\non minimizing an appropriately built mean-field free energy. We use the example\nof the antiferromagnetic Ising model to show that one of these formulations\ndoes not guarantee the existence of an underlying variational principle. This\nresults in a severe failure where straightforward minimization of the\ncorresponding mean-field free energy leads to incorrect results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of Enzyme Digestion of a Single Elastic Fiber Under Tension: An\n  Anisotropic Diffusion Model: We study the enzymatic degradation of an elastic fiber under tension using an\nan isotropic random-walk model, coupled with binding-unbinding reactions that\nweaken the fiber. The fiber is represented by a chain of elastic springs in\nseries, surrounded by two layers of sites along which enzyme molecules can\ndiffuse. Through numerical simulations we show that the fiber stiffness\ndecreases exponentially with two distinct regimes. The time constant associated\nwith the first regime decreases with increasing applied force, which is in\nagreement with published experimental data. In addition, a simple mean field\ncalculation allows us to partition the time constant into geometrical, chemical\nand externally controllable factors, which is corroborated by the simulations.",
        "positive": "Spatial Dependence of Microscopic Percolation Conduction: In two dimensions, the average electrical conductance from a point in a\npercolating network to the network boundary should be related by a conformal\ntransformation to the conductance from one point to another in an unbounded\nnetwork. We verify that this works at the percolation threshold for the square."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chiral Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in the frustrated Heisenberg\n  antiferromagnet on a pyrochlore slab: Ordering of the geometrically frustrated two-dimensional Heisenberg\nantiferromagnet on a pyrochlore slab is studied by Monte Carlo simulations. In\ncontrast to the kagom\\'e Heisenberg antiferromagnet, the model exhibits locally\nnon-coplanar spin structures at low temperatures, bearing nontrivial chiral\ndegrees of freedom. Under certain conditions, the model exhibits a novel\nKosterlitz-Thouless-type transition at a finite temperature associated with\nthese chiral degrees of freedom.",
        "positive": "Ground state properties of antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin rings: Exact ground state properties of antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin rings with\nisotropic next neighbour interaction are presented for various numbers of spin\nsites and spin quantum numbers. Earlier work by Peierls, Marshall, Lieb,\nSchultz and Mattis focused on bipartite lattices and is not applicable to rings\nwith an odd number of spins. With the help of exact diagonalization methods we\nfind a more general systematic behaviour which for instance relates the number\nof spin sites and the individual spin quantum numbers to the degeneracy of the\nground state. These numerical findings all comply with rigorous proofs in the\ncases where a general analysis could be carried out. Therefore it can be\nplausibly conjectured that the ascertained properties hold for ground states of\narbitrary antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin rings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal relations in the finite-size correction terms of\n  two-dimensional Ising models: Quite recently, Izmailian and Hu [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5160 (2001)] studied\nthe finite-size correction terms for the free energy per spin and the inverse\ncorrelation length of the critical two-dimensional Ising model. They obtained\nthe universal amplitude ratio for the coefficients of two series. In this study\nwe give a simple derivation of this universal relation; we do not use an\nexplicit form of series expansion. Moreover, we show that the Izmailian and\nHu's relation is reduced to a simple and exact relation between the free energy\nand the correlation length. This equation holds at any temperature and has the\nsame form as the finite-size scaling.",
        "positive": "Entropic Density Functional Theory: Entropic Inference and the\n  Equilibrium State of Inhomogeneous Fluids: A unified formulation of the density functional theory is constructed on the\nfoundations of entropic inference in both the classical and the quantum\nregimes. The theory is introduced as an application of entropic inference for\ninhomogeneous fluids in thermal equilibrium. It is shown that entropic\ninference reproduces the variational principle of DFT when information about\nexpected density of particles is imposed. In the classical regime, this process\nintroduces a family of trial density-parametrized probability distributions,\nand consequently a trial entropy, from which the preferred one is found using\nthe method of Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). In the quantum regime, similarly, the\nprocess involves introduction of a family of trial density-parametrized density\nmatrices, and consequently a trial entropy, from which the preferred density\nmatrix is found using the method of quantum MaxEnt. As illustrations some known\napproximation schemes of the theory are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Rotational Structure of Molecules In the Quantum He4 and He3 Liquids: It is shown that the drastic distinction in the rotational structure of\nmolecules in the He4 and He3 liquids observed in [1] is due to the difference\nin the spectral density of excitations regardless of the hydrodynamic\nproperties. The large width of rotational levels in the He3 is determined by\nparticle-hole excitations whereas the small density of phonon excitations\nresults only in the small broadening of levels in the He4.",
        "positive": "Emergent Universality in Nonequilibrium Processes of Critical Systems: We examine the Jarzynski equality for a quenching process across the critical\npoint of second-order phase transitions, where absolute irreversibility and the\neffect of finite-sampling of the initial equilibrium distribution arise on an\nequal footing. We consider the Ising model as a prototypical example for\nspontaneous symmetry breaking and take into account the finite sampling issue\nby introducing a tolerance parameter. For a given tolerance parameter, the\ndeviation from the Jarzynski equality depends onthe reduced coupling constant\nand the system size. In this work, we show that the deviation from the\nJarzynski equality exhibits a universal scaling behavior inherited from the\ncritical scaling laws of second-order phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo simulations of bosonic reaction-diffusion systems: An efficient Monte Carlo simulation method for bosonic reaction-diffusion\nsystems which are mainly used in the renormalization group (RG) study is\nproposed. Using this method, one dimensional bosonic single species\nannihilation model is studied and, in turn, the results are compared with RG\ncalculations. The numerical data are consistent with RG predictions. As a\nsecond application, a bosonic variant of the pair contact process with\ndiffusion (PCPD) is simulated and shown to share the critical behavior with the\nPCPD. The invariance under the Galilean transformation of this boson model is\nalso checked and discussion about the invariance in conjunction with other\nmodels are in order.",
        "positive": "Einstein and Boltzmann: Determinism and Probability or The Virial\n  Expansion Revisited: Boltzmann's Principle S = k ln W was repeatedly criticized by Einstein since\nit lacked a proper dynamical foundation in view of the thermal motion of the\nparticles, out of which a physical system consists. This suggests, in\nparticular, that the statistical mechanics of a system in thermal equilibrium\nshould be based on dynamics. As an example, a dynamical derivation of the\ndensity expansions of the two-particle distribution function, as well as of the\nthermodynamic properties of a moderately dense gas in thermal equilibrium, is\noutlined here. This is a different derivation than the usual one based on\nGibbs' probabilistic canonical ensemble, where dynamics is eliminated at the\nbeginning and equilibrium statistical mechanics is reduced to statics. It is\nargued that the present derivation in this paper could, in principle, also be\napplied to other equilibrium properties and perhaps also to other fields."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Chain Length Scaling of Protein Folding Time\", PRL 77, 5433\n  (1996): In a recent Letter, Gutin, Abkevich, and Shakhnovich (GAS) reported on a\nseries of dynamical Monte Carlo simulations on lattice models of proteins.\nBased on these highly simplified models, they found that four different\npotential energies lead to four different folding time scales tau_f, where\ntau_f scales with chain length as N^lambda (see, also, Refs. [2-4]), with\nlambda varying from 2.7 to 6.0. However, due to the lack of microscopic models\nof protein folding dynamics, the interpretation and origin of the data have\nremained somewhat speculative. It is the purpose of this Comment to point out\nthat the application of a simple \"mesoscopic\" model (cond-mat/9512019, PRL 77,\n2324, 1996) of protein folding provides a full account of the data presented in\ntheir paper. Moreover, we find a major qualitative disagreement with the\nargumentative interpretation of GAS. Including, the origin of the dynamics, and\nsize of the critical folding nucleus.",
        "positive": "The contact process in heterogeneous and weakly-disordered systems: The critical behavior of the contact process (CP) in heterogeneous periodic\nand weakly-disordered environments is investigated using the supercritical\nseries expansion and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Phase-separation lines and\ncritical exponents $\\beta$ (from series expansion) and $\\eta$ (from MC\nsimulations) are calculated. A general analytical expression for the locus of\ncritical points is suggested for the weak-disorder limit and confirmed by the\nseries expansion analysis and the MC simulations. Our results for the critical\nexponents show that the CP in heterogeneous environments remains in the\ndirected percolation (DP) universality class, while for environments with\nquenched disorder, the data are compatible with the scenario of continuously\nchanging critical exponents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A globally accurate theory for a class of binary mixture models: Using the self-consistent Ornstein-Zernike approximation (SCOZA) results for\nthe 3D Ising model, we obtain phase diagrams for binary mixtures described by\ndecorated models. We obtain the plait point, binodals, and closed-loop\ncoexistence curves for the models proposed by Widom, Clark, Neece, and Wheeler.\nThe results are in good agreement with series expansions and experiments.",
        "positive": "Experimental evidence for three universality classes for reaction fronts\n  in disordered flows: Self-sustained reaction fronts in a disordered medium subject to an external\nflow display self-affine roughening, pinning and depinning transitions. We\nmeasure spatial and temporal fluctuations of the front in $1+1$ dimensions,\ncontrolled by a single parameter, the mean flow velocity. Three distinct\nuniversality classes are observed, consistent with the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n(KPZ) class for fast advancing or receding fronts, the quenched KPZ class\n(positive-qKPZ) when the mean flow approximately cancels the reaction rate, and\nthe negative-qKPZ class for slowly receding fronts. Both quenched KPZ classes\nexhibit distinct depinning transitions, in agreement with the theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comments on boundary driven open XXZ chain: asymmetric driving and\n  uniqueness of steady states: In this short note we provide two extensions on the recent explicit results\non the matrix-product ansatz for the non-equilibrium steady state of a\nmarkovianly boundary-driven anisotropic Heisenberg XXZ spin 1/2 chain. We write\na perturbative solution for the steady state density matrix in the system-batyh\ncoupling for an arbitrary (asymmetric) set of four spin-flip rates at the two\nchain ends, generalizing the symmetric-driving ansatz of [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106,\n217206 (2011)]. Furthermore, we generalize the exact (non-perturbative) form of\nthe steady state for just two Lindblad channels (spin-up flipping on the left,\nand spin-down flipping on the right) to an arbitrary (asymmetric) ratio of the\nspin flipping rates [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 137201 (2011)]. In addition, we also\nindicate a simple proof of uniqueness of our steady states.",
        "positive": "Residual Entropy of a Two-dimensional Ising Model with Crossing and\n  Four-spin Interactions: We study the residual entropy of a two-dimensional Ising model with crossing\nand four-spin interactions, both for the case that in zero magnetic field and\nthat in an imaginary magnetic field i({\\pi}/2)kT. The spin configurations of\nthis Ising model can be mapped into the hydrogen configurations of square ice\nwith the defined standard direction of the hydrogen bonds. Making use of the\nequivalence of this Ising system with the exactly solved eight-vertex model and\ntaking the low temperature limit, we obtain the residual entropy. Two soluble\ncases in zero field and one soluble case in imaginary field are examined. In\nthe case that the free-fermion condition holds in zero field, we find the\nground states in low temperature limit include the configurations disobeying\nthe ice rules. In another case in zero field that the four-spin interactions\nare -{\\infty}, and the case in imaginary field that the four-spin interactions\nare 0, the residual entropy exactly agrees with the result of square ice\ndetermined by Lieb in 1967. In the solutions of the latter two cases, we have\nshown alternative approaches to the residual entropy problem of square ice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion equations from kinetic models with non-conserved momentum: We derive diffusive macroscopic equations for the particle and energy density\nof a system whose time evolution is described by a kinetic equation for the one\nparticle position and velocity function f(r,v,t) that consists of a part that\nconserves energy and momentum such as the Boltzmann equation and an external\nrandomization of the particle velocity directions that breaks the momentum\nconservation. Rescaling space and time by epsilon and epsilon square\nrespectively and carrying out a Hilbert expansion in epsilon around a local\nequilibrium Maxwellian yields coupled diffusion equations with specified\nOnsager coefficients for the particle and energy density. Our analysis includes\na system of hard disks at intermediate densities by using the Enskog equation\nfor the collision kernel.",
        "positive": "Universal breakdown of Kibble-Zurek scaling in fast quenches across a\n  phase transition: The crossing of a continuous phase transition gives rise to the formation of\ntopological defects described by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) in the limit\nof slow quenches. The KZM predicts a universal power-law scaling of the defect\ndensity as a function of the quench time. We focus on the deviations from KZM\nexperimentally observed in rapid quenches and establish their universality.\nWhile KZM scaling holds below a critical quench rate, for faster quenches the\ndefect density and the freeze-out time become independent of the quench rate\nand exhibit a universal power-law scaling with the final value of the control\nparameter. These predictions are verified in several paradigmatic scenarios in\nboth the classical and quantum domains."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical assessment of von Mises distribution and an infinite series\n  ansatz for self-propelled particles: We consider a Vicsek model of self-propelled particles with bounded\nconfidence, where each particle interacts only with neighbors that have a\nsimilar direction. Depending on parameters, the system exhibits a continuous or\ndiscontinuous polar phase transition from the isotropic phase to a phase with a\npreferred direction. In a recent paper [1] the von Mises distribution was\nproposed as an ansatz for polar ordering. In the present system the time\nevolution of the angular distribution can be solved in Fourier space. We\ncompare the results of the Fourier analysis with the ones obtained by using the\nvon Mises distribution ansatz. In the latter case the qualitative behavior of\nthe system is recovered correctly. However, quantitatively there are serious\ndeviations. We introduce an extended von Mises distribution ansatz such that a\nsecond term takes care of the next two Fourier modes. With the extended ansatz\nwe find much better quantitative agreement. As an alternative approach we also\nuse a Gaussian and a geometric series ansatz in Fourier space. The geometric\nseries ansatz is analytically handable but fails for very weak noise, the\nGaussian ansatz yields better results but it is not analytically treatable.",
        "positive": "Equilibrium of a confined, randomly-accelerated, inelastic particle: Is\n  there inelastic collapse?: We consider the one-dimensional motion of a particle randomly accelerated by\nGaussian white noise on the line segment 0<x<1. The reflections of the particle\nfrom the boundaries at x=0 and 1 are inelastic, with coefficient of restitution\nr. We have solved the Fokker-Planck equation satisfied by the equilibrium\ndistribution function P(x,v) with a combination of exact analytical and\nnumerical methods. Throughout the interval 0<r<1, P(x,v) remains extended, as\nopposed to collapsed. The particle is not localized at the boundary. However,\nfor r<0.163 the equilibrium boundary collision rate is infinite, as predicted\nby Cornell et al., and all moments of the velocity just after reflection from\nthe boundary vanish."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Morphologies of expansion ridges of elastic thin films onto a substrate: We consider a model of a thin film elastically attached to a rigid substrate.\nIn the case in which the film expands relative to the substrate and assuming\ncertain non-linear elastic behavior of the film, expansion ridges may appear,\nin which the material has collapsed, and the density is higher. By studying\nnumerically this process, the possible morphologies of these collapsed regions\nare presented. They range from circular spots and straight stripes, to wiggle\npolygonal patterns and ring-shaped domains. The similarity of some of these\nresults with patterns observed in delamination of thin films and bi-phase\nepitaxial growth is emphasized.",
        "positive": "Duality and Symmetry in Chiral Potts Model: We discover an Ising-type duality in the general $N$-state chiral Potts\nmodel, which is the Kramers-Wannier duality of planar Ising model when N=2.\nThis duality relates the spectrum and eigenvectors of one chiral Potts model at\na low temperature (of small $k'$) to those of another chiral Potts model at a\nhigh temperature (of $k'^{-1}$). The $\\tau^{(2)}$-model and chiral Potts model\non the dual lattice are established alongside the dual chiral Potts models.\nWith the aid of this duality relation, we exact a precise relationship between\nthe Onsager-algebra symmetry of a homogeneous superintegrable chiral Potts\nmodel and the $sl_2$-loop-algebra symmetry of its associated\nspin-$\\frac{N-1}{2}$ XXZ chain through the identification of their eigenstates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of Social Diversity: We introduce and solve analytically a model for the development of disparate\nsocial classes in a competitive population. Individuals advance their fitness\nby competing against those in lower classes, and in parallel, individuals\ndecline due to inactivity. We find a phase transition from a homogeneous,\nsingle-class society to a hierarchical, multi-class society. In the latter\ncase, a finite fraction of the population still belongs to the lower class, and\nthe rest of the population is in the middle class, on top of which lies a tiny\nupper class. While the lower class is static and poor, the middle class is\nupwardly mobile.",
        "positive": "A statistical approach to the traceroute-like exploration of networks:\n  theory and simulations: Mapping the Internet generally consists in sampling the network from a\nlimited set of sources by using \"traceroute\"-like probes. This methodology,\nakin to the merging of different spanning trees to a set of destinations, has\nbeen argued to introduce uncontrolled sampling biases that might produce\nstatistical properties of the sampled graph which sharply differ from the\noriginal ones. Here we explore these biases and provide a statistical analysis\nof their origin. We derive a mean-field analytical approximation for the\nprobability of edge and vertex detection that exploits the role of the number\nof sources and targets and allows us to relate the global topological\nproperties of the underlying network with the statistical accuracy of the\nsampled graph. In particular we find that the edge and vertex detection\nprobability is depending on the betweenness centrality of each element. This\nallows us to show that shortest path routed sampling provides a better\ncharacterization of underlying graphs with scale-free topology. We complement\nthe analytical discussion with a throughout numerical investigation of\nsimulated mapping strategies in different network models. We show that sampled\ngraphs provide a fair qualitative characterization of the statistical\nproperties of the original networks in a fair range of different strategies and\nexploration parameters. The numerical study also allows the identification of\nintervals of the exploration parameters that optimize the fraction of nodes and\nedges discovered in the sampled graph. This finding might hint the steps toward\nmore efficient mapping strategies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Paths of fluctuation induced switching: We demonstrate that the paths followed by a system in fluctuation-activated\nswitching form a narrow tube in phase space. A theory of the path distribution\nis developed and its direct measurement is performed in a micromechanical\noscillator. The experimental and theoretical results are in excellent\nagreement, with no adjustable parameters. We also demonstrate the lack of\ntime-reversal symmetry in switching of systems far from thermal equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Hyperuniformity Order Metric of Barlow Packings: The concept of hyperuniformity has been a useful tool in the study of\nlarge-scale density fluctuations in systems ranging across the natural and\nmathematical sciences. One can rank a large class of hyperuniform systems by\ntheir ability to suppress long-range density fluctuations through the use of a\nhyperuniformity order metric $\\bar{\\Lambda}$. We apply this order metric to the\nBarlow packings, which are the infinitely degenerate densest packings of\nidentical rigid spheres that are distinguished by their stacking geometries and\ninclude the commonly known fcc lattice and hcp crystal. The \"stealthy stacking\"\ntheorem implies that these packings are all stealthy hyperuniform, a strong\ntype of hyperuniformity which involves the suppression of scattering up to a\nwavevector $K$. We describe the geometry of three classes of Barlow packings,\ntwo disordered classes and small-period packings. In addition, we compute a\nlower bound on $K$ for all Barlow packings. We compute $\\bar{\\Lambda}$ for the\naforementioned three classes of Barlow packings and find that to a very good\napproximation, it is linear in the fraction of fcc-like clusters, taking values\nbetween those of least-ordered hcp and most-ordered fcc. This implies that the\n$\\bar{\\Lambda}$ of all Barlow packings is primarily controlled by the local\ncluster geometry. These results indicate the special nature of anisotropic\nstacking disorder, which provides impetus for future research on the\ndevelopment of anisotropic order metrics and hyperuniformity properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On Rational Bubbles and Fat Tails: This paper addresses the statistical properties of time series driven by\nrational bubbles a la Blanchard and Watson (1982), corresponding to\nmultiplicative maps, whose study has recently be revived recently in physics as\na mechanism of intermittent dynamics generating power law distributions. Using\ninsights on the behavior of multiplicative stochastic processes, we demonstrate\nthat the tails of the unconditional distribution emerging from such bubble\nprocesses follow power-laws (exhibit hyperbolic decline). More precisely, we\nfind that rational bubbles predict a 'fat' power tail for both the bubble\ncomponent and price differences with an exponent smaller than 1, implying\nabsence of convergence of the mean. The distribution of returns is dominated by\nthe same power-law over an extended range of large returns. Although power-law\ntails are a pervasive feature of empirical data, these numerical predictions\nare in disagreement with the usual empirical estimates of an exponent between 2\nand 4. It, therefore, appears that exogenous rational bubbles are hardly\nreconcilable with some of the stylized facts of financial data at a very\nelementary level.",
        "positive": "Ivory Tower Universities and Competitive Business Firms: There is nowadays considerable interest on ways to quantify the dynamics of\nresearch activities, in part due to recent changes in research and development\n(R&D) funding. Here, we seek to quantify and analyze university research\nactivities, and compare their growth dynamics with those of business firms.\nSpecifically, we analyze five distinct databases, the largest of which is a\nNational Science Foundation database of the R&D expenditures for science and\nengineering of 719 United States (US) universities for the 17-year period\n1979--1995. We find that the distribution of growth rates displays a\n``universal'' form that does not depend on the size of the university or on the\nmeasure of size used, and that the width of this distribution decays with size\nas a power law. Our findings are quantitatively similar to those independently\nuncovered for business firms, and consistent with the hypothesis that the\ngrowth dynamics of complex organizations may be governed by universal\nmechanisms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport coefficients for relativistic gas mixtures of hard-sphere\n  particles: In the present work, we calculate the transport coefficients for a\nrelativistic binary mixture of diluted gases of hard-sphere particles. The gas\nmixture under consideration is studied within the relativistic Boltzmann\nequation in the presence of a gravitational field described by the isotropic\nSchwarzschild metric. We obtain the linear constitutive equations for the\nthermodynamic fluxes. The driving forces for the fluxes of particles and heat\nwill appear with terms proportional to the gradient of gravitational potential.\nWe discuss the consequences of the gravitational dependence on the driving\nforces. We obtain general integral expressions for the transport coefficients\nand evaluate them by assuming a hard-sphere interaction amongst the particles\nwhen they collide and not very disparate masses and diameters of the particles\nof each species. The obtained results are expressed in terms of their\ntemperature dependence through the relativistic parameter which gives the ratio\nof the rest energy of the particles and the thermal energy of the gas mixture.\nPlots are given to analyze the behavior of the transport coefficients with\nrespect to the temperature when small variations in masses and diameters of the\nparticles of the species are present. We also analyze for each coefficient the\ncorresponding limits to a single gas so the non-relativistic and\nultra-relativistic limiting cases are recovered as well. Furthermore, we show\nthat the transport coefficients have a dependence on the gravitational field.",
        "positive": "On the relation between event-based and time-based current statistics: Current statistics can be calculated in various ways. Event-based approaches\nuse the statistics of the number of events occuring during a given time.\nTime-based approaches use the statistics of the time needed to reach a given\nnumber of events. By analyzing normal as well as anomalous statistics of\nnonequilibrium currents through a two level system in contact with two\ndifferent reservoirs, we investigate the conditions under which these different\nstatistics do or do not yield identical predictions. We rely on the continuous\ntime random walk formulation introduced in our earlier work [Phys. Rev. E 77,\n051119 (2008)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Stochastic Model of Translocation of Knotted Proteins: Knotted proteins, when forced through the pores, can get stuck if the knots\nin their backbone tighten under force. Alternatively, the knot can slide off\nthe chain, making translocation possible. We construct a simple energy\nlandscape model of this process with a time-periodic potential that mimics the\naction of a molecular motor. We calculate the translocation time as a function\nof the period of the pulling force, discuss the asymptotic limits and\nbiological relevance of the results.",
        "positive": "Work distribution for the driven harmonic oscillator with time-dependent\n  strength: Exact solution and slow driving: We study the work distribution of a single particle moving in a harmonic\noscillator with time-dependent strength. This simple system has a non-Gaussian\nwork distribution with exponential tails. The time evolution of the\ncorresponding moment generating function is given by two coupled ordinary\ndifferential equations that are solved numerically. Based on this result we\nstudy the behavior of the work distribution in the limit of slow but finite\ndriving and show that it approaches a Gaussian distribution arbitrarily well."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Minimum spanning trees on random networks: We show that the geometry of minimum spanning trees (MST) on random graphs is\nuniversal. Due to this geometric universality, we are able to characterise the\nenergy of MST using a scaling distribution ($P(\\epsilon)$) found using uniform\ndisorder. We show that the MST energy for other disorder distributions is\nsimply related to $P(\\epsilon)$. We discuss the relationship to invasion\npercolation (IP), to the directed polymer in a random media (DPRM) and the\nimplications for the broader issue of universality in disordered systems.",
        "positive": "Symmetric Diblock Copolymers in Thin Films (II): Comparison of Profiles\n  between Self-Consistent Field Calculations and Monte Carlo Simulations: The structure of lamellar phases of symmetric $AB$ diblock copolymers in a\nthin film is investigated. We quantitatively compare the composition profiles\nand profiles of individual segments in self-consistent field calculations with\nMonte Carlo simulations in the bond fluctuation model for chain length N=32 and\n$\\chi N=30$. Three film thicknesses are investigated, corresponding to parallel\noriented lamellae with 2 and 4 interfaces and a perpendicular oriented\nmorphology. Taking account of capillary waves, we find good quantitative\nagreement between the Monte Carlo simulations and the self-consistent field\ncalculations. However, the fluctuations of the local interfacial position are\nstrongly suppressed by confinement and mutual interactions between lamellae."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energetics of rocked inhomogeneous ratchets: We study the efficiency of frictional thermal ratchets driven by finite\nfrequency driving force and in contact with a heat bath. The efficiency\nexhibits varied behavior with driving frequency. Both nonmonotonic and\nmonotonic behavior have been observed. In particular the magnitude of\nefficiency in finite frequency regime may be more than the efficiency in the\nadiabatic regime. This is our central result for rocked ratchets. We also show\nthat for the simple potential we have chosen, the presence of only spatial\nasymmetry (homogeneous system) or only frictional ratchet (symmetric potential\nprofile), the adiabatic efficiency is always more than in the nonadiabatic\ncase.",
        "positive": "Edwards-like statistical mechanical description of the parking lot model\n  for vibrated granular materials: We apply the statistical mechanical approach based on the ``flat'' measure\nproposed by Edwards and coworkers to the parking lot model, a model that\nreproduces the main features of the phenomenology of vibrated granular\nmaterials. We first build the flat measure for the case of vanishingly small\ntapping strength and then generalize the approach to finite tapping strengths\nby introducing a new ``thermodynamic'' parameter, the available volume for\nparticle insertion, in addition to the particle density. This description is\nable to take into account the various memory effects observed in vibrated\ngranular media. Although not exact, the approach gives a good description of\nthe behavior of the parking-lot model in the regime of slow compaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Suppression of transport in non-disordered quantum spin chains due to\n  confined excitations: The laws of thermodynamics require any initial macroscopic inhomogeneity in\nextended many-body systems to be smoothed out by the time evolution through the\nactivation of transport processes. In generic, non-integrable quantum systems,\ntransport is expected to be governed by a diffusion law, whereas a sufficiently\nstrong quenched disorder can suppress it completely due to many-body\nlocalization of quantum excitations. Here we show that the confinement of\nquasi-particles can also lead to transport suppression even if the dynamics are\ngenerated by homogeneous Hamiltonians. We demonstrate this in the quantum Ising\nchain with transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields in the paradigmatic case\nof the evolution of domain-wall states. We perform extensive numerical\nsimulations of the dynamics which turn out to be in excellent agreement with an\neffective analytical description valid within both weak and strong confinement\nregimes. Our results show that the energy flow from \"hot\" to \"cold\" regions of\nthe chain is suppressed for all accessible times. We argue that this phenomenon\nis connected with the presence of atypical states in the many-body energy\nspectrum which violate the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, as recently\nreported in the literature.",
        "positive": "Non-Gaussian displacement distributions in models of heterogeneous\n  active particle dynamics: We study the effect of randomly distributed diffusivities and speeds in two\nmodels for active particle dynamics with active and passive fluctuations. We\ndemonstrate how non-Gaussian displacement distributions emerge in these models\nin the long time limit, including Cauchy-type and exponential (Laplace) shapes.\nNotably the resulting shapes of the displacement distributions with distributed\ndiffusivities for the active models considered here are in striking contrast to\npassive diffusion models. For the active motion models our discussion points\nout the differences between active- and passive-noise. Specifically, we\ndemonstrate that the case with active-noise is in nice agreement with measured\ndata for the displacement distribution of social amoeba."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The triangular Ising antiferromagnet in a staggered field: We study the equilibrium properties of the nearest-neighbor Ising\nantiferromagnet on a triangular lattice in the presence of a staggered field\nconjugate to one of the degenerate ground states. Using a mapping of the ground\nstates of the model without the staggered field to dimer coverings on the dual\nlattice, we classify the ground states into sectors specified by the number of\n``strings''. We show that the effect of the staggered field is to generate\nlong-range interactions between strings. In the limiting case of the\nantiferromagnetic coupling constant J becoming infinitely large, we prove the\nexistence of a phase transition in this system and obtain a finite lower bound\nfor the transition temperature. For finite J, we study the equilibrium\nproperties of the system using Monte Carlo simulations with three different\ndynamics. We find that in all the three cases, equilibration times for low\nfield values increase rapidly with system size at low temperatures. Due to this\ndifficulty in equilibrating sufficiently large systems at low temperatures, our\nfinite-size scaling analysis of the numerical results does not permit a\ndefinite conclusion about the existence of a phase transition for finite values\nof J. A surprising feature in the system is the fact that unlike usual glassy\nsystems, a zero-temperature quench almost always leads to the ground state,\nwhile a slow cooling does not.",
        "positive": "Novel surface universality classes with strong anisotropy: Using renormalized field theory, we examine the dynamics of a growing\nsurface, driven by an obliquely incident particle beam. Its projection on the\nreference (substrate) plane selects a ``parallel'' direction, so that the\nevolution equation for the surface height becomes anisotropic. The phase\ndiagram of the model is controlled by the properties of an effective\nanisotropic surface tension. Our renormalization group analysis suggests the\nexistence of a line of continuous transitions and a line of (potentially)\nfirst-order transitions, which meet at a multicritical point. The full scaling\nbehavior for the continuous line and the multicritical point is discussed in\ndetail. Two novel universality classes for scale-invariant surface fluctuations\nare found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Packing Hyperspheres in High-Dimensional Euclidean Spaces: We present the first study of disordered jammed hard-sphere packings in\nfour-, five- and six-dimensional Euclidean spaces. Using a collision-driven\npacking generation algorithm, we obtain the first estimates for the packing\nfractions of the maximally random jammed (MRJ) states for space dimensions\n$d=4$, 5 and 6 to be $\\phi_{MRJ} \\simeq 0.46$, 0.31 and 0.20, respectively. To\na good approximation, the MRJ density obeys the scaling form $\\phi_{MRJ}=\nc_1/2^d+(c_2 d)/2^d$, where $c_1=-2.72$ and $c_2=2.56$, which appears to be\nconsistent with high-dimensional asymptotic limit, albeit with different\ncoefficients. Calculations of the pair correlation function $g_{2}(r)$ and\nstructure factor $S(k)$ for these states show that short-range ordering\nappreciably decreases with increasing dimension, consistent with a recently\nproposed ``decorrelation principle,'' which, among othe things, states that\nunconstrained correlations diminish as the dimension increases and vanish\nentirely in the limit $d \\to \\infty$. As in three dimensions (where $\\phi_{MRJ}\n\\simeq 0.64$), the packings show no signs of crystallization, are isostatic,\nand have a power-law divergence in $g_{2}(r)$ at contact with power-law\nexponent $\\simeq 0.4$. Across dimensions, the cumulative number of neighbors\nequals the kissing number of the conjectured densest packing close to where\n$g_{2}(r)$ has its first minimum. We obtain estimates for the freezing and\nmelting desnities for the equilibrium hard-sphere fluid-solid transition,\n$\\phi_F \\simeq 0.32$ and $\\phi_M \\simeq 0.39$, respectively, for $d=4$, and\n$\\phi_F \\simeq 0.19$ and $\\phi_M \\simeq 0.24$, respectively, for $d=5$.",
        "positive": "Adaptive strategy in Kelly's horse races model: We formulate an adaptive version of Kelly's horse model in which the gambler\nlearns from past race results using Bayesian inference. A known asymptotic\nscaling for the difference between the growth rate of the gambler and the\noptimal growth rate, known as the gambler'sregret, is recovered. We show how\nthis adaptive strategy is related to the universal portfolio strategy, and we\nbuild improved adaptive strategies in which the gambler exploits information\ncontained in the bookmaker odds distribution to reduce his/her initial loss of\nthe capital during the learning phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum tricriticality in transverse Ising-like systems: The quantum tricriticality of d-dimensional transverse Ising-like systems is\nstudied by means of a perturbative renormalization group approach focusing on\nstatic susceptibility. This allows us to obtain the phase diagram for 3<d<4,\nwith a clear location of the critical lines ending in the conventional quantum\ncritical points and in the quantum tricritical one, and of the tricritical line\nfor temperature T \\geq 0. We determine also the critical and the tricritical\nshift exponents close to the corresponding ground state instabilities.\nRemarkably, we find a tricritical shift exponent identical to that found in the\nconventional quantum criticality and, by approaching the quantum tricritical\npoint increasing the non-thermal control parameter r, a crossover of the\nquantum critical shift exponents from the conventional value \\phi = 1/(d-1) to\nthe new one \\phi = 1/2(d-1). Besides, the projection in the (r,T)-plane of the\nphase boundary ending in the quantum tricritical point and crossovers in the\nquantum tricritical region appear quite similar to those found close to an\nusual quantum critical point. Another feature of experimental interest is that\nthe amplitude of the Wilsonian classical critical region around this peculiar\ncritical line is sensibly smaller than that expected in the quantum critical\nscenario. This suggests that the quantum tricriticality is essentially governed\nby mean-field critical exponents, renormalized by the shift exponent \\phi =\n1/2(d-1) in the quantum tricritical region.",
        "positive": "How many is different? Answer from ideal Bose gas: How many $\\mathrm{H_{2}O}$ molecules are needed to form water? While the\nprecise answer is not known, it is clear that the answer should be a finite\nnumber rather than infinity. We revisit with care the ideal Bose gas confined\nin a cubic box which is discussed in most statistical physics textbooks. We\nshow that the isobar of the ideal gas zigzags on the temperature-volume plane\nfeaturing a `boiling-like' discrete phase transition, provided the number of\nparticles is equal to or greater than a particular value: 7616. This\ndemonstrates for the first time how a finite system can feature a mathematical\nsingularity and realize the notion of `Emergence', without resorting to the\nthermodynamic limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rates for irreversible Gibbsian Ising models: Dynamics under which a system of Ising spins relaxes to a stationary state\nwith Bolzmann-Gibbs measure and which do not fulfil the condition of detailed\nbalance are irreversible and asymmetric. We revisit the problem of the\ndetermination of rates yielding such a stationary state for models with\nsingle-spin flip dynamics. We add some supplementary material to this study and\nconfirm that Gibbsian irreversible Ising models exist for one and\ntwo-dimensional lattices but not for the three-dimensional cubic lattice. We\nalso analyze asymmetric Gibbsian dynamics in the limit of infinite temperature.\nWe finally revisit the case of a linear chain of spins under asymmetric\nconserved dynamics.",
        "positive": "Optimal L\u00e9vy-flight foraging in a finite landscape: We present a simple model to study L\\'{e}vy-flight foraging in a finite\nlandscape with countable targets. In our approach, foraging is a step-based\nexploratory random search process with a power-law step-size distribution $P(l)\n\\propto l^{-\\mu}$. We find that, when the termination is regulated by a finite\nnumber of steps $N$, the optimum value of $\\mu$ that maximises the foraging\nefficiency can vary substantially in the interval $\\mu \\in (1,3)$, depending on\nthe landscape features (landscape size and number of targets). We further\ndemonstrate that subjective returning can be another significant factor that\naffects the foraging efficiency in such context. Our results suggest that\nL\\'{e}vy-flight foraging may arise through an interaction between the\nenvironmental context and the termination of exploitation, and particularly\nthat the number of steps can play an important role in this scenario which is\noverlooked by most previous work. Our study not only provides a new perspective\non L\\'{e}vy-flight foraging, but also opens new avenues for investigating the\ninteraction between foraging dynamics and environment as well as offers a\nrealistic framework for analysing animal movement patterns from empirical data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Direct derivation of microcanonical ensemble average from many-particle\n  quantum mechanics: Starting from the quantum mechanics for $N$ particles, we show that we can\ndirectly derive the microcanonical ensemble average of the physical quantity\n$A$ by using only the long time average and the equal probability assumption\nfor the equal energy states. The system is considered to be embedded in the\nouter world and we describe them in terms of the density matrix method.",
        "positive": "Dynamical process of a bit-width reduced Ising model with simulated\n  annealing: Ising machines have attracted attention as efficient solvers for\ncombinatorial optimization problems, which are formulated as ground-state\n(lowest-energy) search problems of the Ising model. Due to the limited\nbit-width of coefficients on Ising machines, the Ising model must be\ntransformed into a bit-width reduced (BWR) Ising model. According to previous\nresearch, the bit-width reduction method, which adds auxiliary spins, ensures\nthat the ground state of the BWR Ising model is theoretically the same as the\nIsing model before bit-width reduction (original Ising model). However, while\nthe dynamical process is closely related to solution accuracy, how the BWR\nIsing model progresses towards the ground state remains to be elucidated.\nTherefore, we compared the dynamical processes of these models using simulated\nannealing (SA). Our findings reveal significant differences in the dynamical\nprocess across models. Analysis from the viewpoint of statistical mechanics\nfound that the BWR Ising model has two characteristic properties: an effective\ntemperature and a slow relaxation. These properties alter the temperature\nschedule and spin flip probability in the BWR Ising model, leading to\ndifferences in the dynamical process. Therefore, to obtain the same dynamical\nprocess as the original Ising model, we proposed SA parameters for the BWR\nIsing model. We demonstrated the proposed SA parameters using a square lattice\nIsing model, in which all coefficients were set uniformly to the same positive\nvalues or randomly. Our experimental evaluations demonstrated that the\ndynamical process of the BWR and original Ising model became closer."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Off-equilibrium scaling behaviors driven by time-dependent external\n  fields in three-dimensional O(N) vector models: We consider the dynamical off-equilibrium behavior of the three-dimensional\nO$(N)$ vector model in the presence of a slowly-varying time-dependent\nspatially-uniform magnetic field ${\\bm H}(t) = h(t)\\,{\\bm e}$, where ${\\bm e}$\nis a $N$-dimensional constant unit vector, $h(t)=t/t_s$, and $t_s$ is a time\nscale, at fixed temperature $T\\le T_c$, where $T_c$ corresponds to the\ncontinuous order-disorder transition. The dynamic evolutions start from\nequilibrium configurations at $h_i < 0$, correspondingly $t_i < 0$, and end at\ntime $t_f > 0$ with $h(t_f) > 0$, or vice versa. We show that the magnetization\ndisplays an off-equilibrium scaling behavior close to the transition line ${\\bm\nH}(t)=0$. It arises from the interplay among the time $t$, the time scale\n$t_s$, and the finite size $L$. The scaling behavior can be parametrized in\nterms of the scaling variables $t_s^\\kappa/L$ and $t/t_s^{\\kappa_t}$, where\n$\\kappa>0$ and $\\kappa_t > 0$ are appropriate universal exponents, which differ\nat the critical point and for $T < T_c$. In the latter case, $\\kappa$ and\n$\\kappa_t$ also depend on the shape of the lattice and on the boundary\nconditions. We present numerical results for the Heisenberg ($N=3$) model under\na purely relaxational dynamics. They confirm the predicted off-equilibrium\nscaling behaviors at and below $T_c$. We also discuss hysteresis phenomena in\nround-trip protocols for the time dependence of the external field. We define a\nscaling function for the hysteresis loop area of the magnetization that can be\nused to quantify how far the system is from equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Two-dimensional melting in simple atomic systems: continuous vs.\n  discontinous melting: We investigate the characteristics of two dimensional melting in simple\natomic systems via isobaric-isothermal ($NPT$) and isochoric-isothermal ($NVT$)\nmolecular dynamics simulations with special focus on the effect of the range of\nthe potential on the melting. We find that the system with interatomic\npotential of longer range clearly exhibits a region (in the $PT$ plane) of\n(thermodynamically) stable hexatic phase. On the other hand, the one with\nshorter range potential exhibits a first-order melting transition both in $NPT$\nand $NVT$ ensembles. Melting of the system with intermediate range potential\nshows a hexatic-like feature near the melting transition in $NVT$ ensemble, but\nit undergoes an unstable hexatic-like phase during melting process in $NPT$\nensemble, which implies existence of a weakly first order transition. The\noverall features represent a crossover from a continuous melting transition in\nthe cases of longer-ranged potential to a discontinuous (first order) one in\nthe systems with shorter and intermediate ranged potential. We also calculate\nthe Binder cumulants as well as the susceptibility of the bond-orientational\norder parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibration times in clean and noisy systems: We study the equilibration dynamics of closed finite quantum systems and\naddress the question of the time needed for the system to equilibrate. In\nparticular we focus on the scaling of the equilibration time T_{\\mathrm{eq}}\nwith the system size L . For clean systems we give general arguments predicting\nT_{\\mathrm{eq}}=O(L^{0}) for clustering initial states, while for small\nquenches around a critical point we find T_{\\mathrm{eq}}=O(L^{\\zeta}) where\n\\zeta is the dynamical critical exponent. We then analyze noisy systems where\nexponentially large time scales are known to exist. Specifically we consider\nthe tight-binding model with diagonal impurities and give numerical evidence\nthat in this case T_{\\mathrm{eq}}\\sim Be^{CL^{\\psi}} where B,C, \\psi are\nobservable dependent constants. Finally, we consider another noisy system whose\nevolution dynamics is randomly sampled from a circular unitary ensemble. Here,\nwe are able to prove analytically that T_{\\mathrm{eq}}=O(1), thus showing that\nnoise alone is not sufficient for slow equilibration dynamics.",
        "positive": "A Correction Method for the Density of States: We present a correction method for the density of states (DOS) obtained from\nthe generalized ensemble simulations. The DOS is proportionally corrected to\nmatch the exact values and/or good approximations known for the system. We\ndemonstrate the validity of the method by applying it to the DOS of 2D Potts\nmodel calculated from various generalized ensemble simulations. It is shown\nthat the root-mean-square error of the DOS is reduced by ~50% or more without\nadditional heavy calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coordinating Dynamical Routes with Statistical Physics on Space-time\n  Networks: Coordination of dynamical routes can alleviate traffic congestion and is\nessential for the coming era of autonomous self-driving cars. However,\ndynamical route coordination is difficult and many existing routing protocols\nare either static or without inter-vehicle coordination. In this paper, we\nfirst apply the cavity approach in statistical physics to derive the\ntheoretical behavior and an optimization algorithm for dynamical route\ncoordination, but they become computational intractable as the number of time\nsegments increases. We therefore map static spatial networks to space-time\nnetworks to derive a computational feasible message-passing algorithm\ncompatible with arbitrary system parameters; it agrees well with the analytical\nand algorithmic results of conventional cavity approach and outperforms\nmulti-start greedy search in saving total travel time by as much as 15% in\nsimulations. The study sheds light on the design of dynamical route\ncoordination protocols, and the solution to other dynamical problems via static\nanalytical approaches on space-time networks.",
        "positive": "Exceptional Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions in Periodically Driven\n  Systems: Extending notions of phase transitions to nonequilibrium realm is a\nfundamental problem for statistical mechanics. While it was discovered that\ncritical transitions occur even for transient states before relaxation as the\nsingularity of a dynamical version of free energy, their nature is yet to be\nelusive. Here, we show that spontaneous symmetry breaking can occur at a\nshort-time regime and causes universal dynamical quantum phase transitions in\nperiodically driven unitary dynamics. Unlike conventional phase transitions,\nthe relevant symmetry is antiunitary: its breaking is accompanied by a\nmany-body exceptional point of a nonunitary operator obtained by space-time\nduality. Using a stroboscopic Ising model, we demonstrate the existence of\ndistinct phases and unconventional singularity of dynamical free energy, whose\nsignature can be accessed through quasilocal operators. Our results open up\nresearch for hitherto unknown phases in short-time regimes, where time serves\nas another pivotal parameter, with their hidden connection to nonunitary\nphysics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Capillary to bulk crossover of nonequilibrium fluctuations in the free\n  diffusion of a near--critical binary liquid mixture: We have studied the nonequilibrium fluctuations occurring at the interface\nbetween two miscible phases of a near-critical binary mixture during a free\ndiffusion process. The small-angle static scattered intensity is the\nsuperposition of nonequilibrium contributions due to capillary waves and to\nbulk fluctuations. A linearized hydrodynamics description of the fluctuations\nallows us to isolate the two contributions, and to determine an effective\nsurface tension for the nonequilibrium interface. As the diffuse interface\nthickness increases, we observe the cross-over of the capillary-wave\ncontribution to the bulk one.",
        "positive": "Configurational States and Their Characterization in the Energy\n  Landscape: Configurational states that are to be associated, according to Goldstein,\nwith the basins in the potential energy landscape cannot be characterized by\nany particular basin identifier such as the basin minima, the lowest barrier,\nthe most probable energy barrier, etc. since the basin free energy turns out to\nbe independent of the energies of these identifiers. Thus, our analysis\nutilizes basin free energies to characterize configurational states. When the\nbasin identifier energies are monotonic, we can express the equilibrium basin\nfree energy as a function of an equilibrium basin identifier energy, as we\nexplain, but it is not necessarily unique."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum fluctuation theorem in an interacting setup: point contacts in\n  fractional quantum Hall edge state devices: We verify the validity of the Cohen-Gallavotti fluctuation theorem for the\nstrongly correlated problem of charge transfer through an impurity in a chiral\nLuttinger liquid, which is realizable experimentally as a quantum point contact\nin a fractional quantum Hall edge state device. This is accomplished via the\ndevelopment of an analytical method to calculate the full counting statistics\n(FCS) of the problem in all the parameter regimes involving the temperature,\nthe Hall voltage, and the gate voltage.",
        "positive": "Maxwellian gas undergoing a stationary Poiseuille flow in a pipe: The hierarchy of moment equations derived from the nonlinear Boltzmann\nequation is solved for a gas of Maxwell molecules undergoing a stationary\nPoiseuille flow induced by an external force in a pipe. The solution is\nobtained as a perturbation expansion in powers of the force (through third\norder). A critical comparison is done between the Navier-Stokes theory and the\npredictions obtained from the Boltzmann equation for the profiles of the\nhydrodynamic quantities and their fluxes. The Navier-Stokes description fails\nto first order and, especially, to second order in the force. Thus, the\nhydrostatic pressure is not uniform, the temperature profile exhibits a\nnon-monotonic behavior, a longitudinal component of the flux exists in the\nabsence of longitudinal thermal gradient, and normal stress differences are\npresent. On the other hand, comparison with the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook model\nkinetic equation shows that the latter is able to capture the correct\nfunctional dependence of the fields, although the numerical values of the\ncoefficients are in general between 0.38 and 1.38 times the Boltzmann values. A\nshort comparison with the results corresponding to the planar Poiseuille flow\nis also carried out."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Replica Monte Carlo Simulation (Revisited): In 1986, Swendsen and Wang proposed a replica Monte Carlo algorithm for spin\nglasses [Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 (1986) 2607]. Two important ingredients are\npresent, (1) the use of a collection of systems (replicas) at different of\ntemperatures, but with the same random couplings, (2) defining and flipping\nclusters. Exchange of information between the systems is facilitated by fixing\nthe tau spin (tau=sigma^1\\sigma^2) and flipping the two neighboring systems\nsimultaneously. In this talk, we discuss this algorithm and its relationship to\nreplica exchange (also known as parallel tempering) and Houdayer's cluster\nalgorithm for spin glasses. We review some of the early results obtained using\nthis algorithm. We also present new results for the correlation times of\nreplica Monte Carlo dynamics in two and three dimensions and compare them with\nreplica exchange.",
        "positive": "Information theoretic aspects of the two-dimensional Ising model: We present numerical results for various information theoretic properties of\nthe square lattice Ising model. First, using a bond propagation algorithm, we\nfind the difference $2H_L(w) - H_{2L}(w)$ between entropies on cylinders of\nfinite lengths $L$ and 2L with open end cap boundaries, in the limit\n$L\\to\\infty$. This essentially quantifies how the finite length correction for\nthe entropy scales with the cylinder circumference $w$. Secondly, using the\ntransfer matrix, we obtain precise estimates for the information needed to\nspecify the spin state on a ring encircling an infinite long cylinder.\nCombining both results we obtain the mutual information between the two halves\nof a cylinder (the \"excess entropy\" for the cylinder), where we confirm with\nhigher precision but for smaller systems results recently obtained by Wilms et\nal. -- and we show that the mutual information between the two halves of the\nring diverges at the critical point logarithmically with $w$. Finally we use\nthe second result together with Monte Carlo simulations to show that also the\nexcess entropy of a straight line of $n$ spins in an infinite lattice diverges\nat criticality logarithmically with $n$. We conjecture that such logarithmic\ndivergence happens generically for any one-dimensional subset of sites at any\n2-dimensional second order phase transition. Comparing straight lines on square\nand triangular lattices with square loops and with lines of thickness 2, we\ndiscuss questions of universality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chiral Potts Rapidity Curve Descended from Six-vertex Model and Symmetry\n  Group of Rapidities: In this paper, we present a systematical account of the descending procedure\nfrom six-vertex model to the $N$-state chiral Potts model through fusion\nrelations of $\\tau^{(j)}$-operators, following the works of Bazhanov-Stroganov\nand Baxter-Bazhanov-Perk. A careful analysis of the descending process leads to\nappearance of the high genus curve as rapidities' constraint for the chiral\nPotts models. Full symmetries of the rapidity curve are identified, so is its\nsymmetry group structure. By normalized transfer matrices of the chiral Potts\nmodel, the $\\tau^{(2)}T$ relation can be reduced to functional equations over a\nhyperelliptic curves associated to rapidities, by which the degeneracy of\n$\\tau^{(2)}$-eigenvalues is revealed in the case of superintegrable chiral\nPotts model.",
        "positive": "Noise-induced standing waves in oscillatory systems with time-delayed\n  feedback: In oscillatory reaction-diffusion systems, time-delay feedback can lead to\nthe instability of uniform oscillations with respect to formation of standing\nwaves. Here, we investigate how the presence of additive, Gaussian white noise\ncan induce the appearance of standing waves. Combining analytical solutions of\nthe model with spatio-temporal simulations, we find that noise can promote\nstanding waves in regimes where the deterministic uniform oscillatory modes are\nstabilized. As the deterministic phase boundary is approached, the\nspatio-temporal correlations become stronger, such that even small noise can\ninduce standing waves in this parameter regime. With larger noise strengths,\nstanding waves could be induced at finite distances from the (deterministic)\nphase boundary. The overall dynamics is defined through the interplay of noisy\nforcing with the inherent reaction-diffusion dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-passage processes and the target-based accumulation of resources: Random search for one or more targets in a bounded domain occurs widely in\nnature, with examples ranging from animal foraging to the transport of vesicles\nwithin cells. Most theoretical studies take a searcher-centric viewpoint,\nfocusing on the first passage time (FTP) problem to find a target. This single\nsearch-and-capture event then triggers a downstream process or provides the\nsearcher with some resource such as food. In this paper we take a\ntarget-centric viewpoint, by considering the accumulation of resources in one\nor more targets due to multiple rounds of search-and-capture events combined\nwith resource degradation; whenever a searcher finds a target it delivers a\nresource packet to the target, after which it escapes and returns to its\ninitial position. The searcher is then resupplied with cargo and a new search\nprocess is initiated after a random delay. It has previously been show how\nqueuing theory can be used to derive general expressions for the steady-state\nmean and variance of the resulting resource distributions. Here we apply the\ntheory to some classical FPT problems involving diffusion in simple geometries\nwith absorbing boundaries, including concentric spheres, wedge domains, and\nbranching networks. In each case, we determine how the resulting Fano factor\ndepends on the degradation rate, the delay distribution, and various geometric\nparameters. We thus establish that the Fano factor can deviate significantly\nfrom Poisson statistics and exhibits a non-trivial dependence on model\nparameters, including non-monotonicity and crossover behavior. This indicates\nthe non-trivial nature of the higher-order statistics of resource accumulation.",
        "positive": "Finite-Size Effects in Disordered $\u03bb\u03c6^{4}$ Model: We discuss finite-size effects in one disordered ${\\lambda}{\\phi}^{4}$ model\ndefined in a $d$-dimensional Euclidean space. We consider that the scalar field\nsatisfies periodic boundary conditions in one dimension and it is coupled with\na quenched random field. In order to obtain the average value of the free\nenergy of the system we use the replica method. We first discuss finite-size\neffects in the one-loop approximation in $d=3$ and $d=4$. We show that in both\ncases there is a critical length where the system develop a second-order phase\ntransition, when the system presents long-range correlations with power-law\ndecay. Next, we improve the above result studying the gap equation for the\nsize- dependent squared mass, using the composite field operator method. We\nobtain again, that the system present a second order phase transition with\nlong-range correlation with power-law decay."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Incomplete measurement of work in a dissipative two level system: We discuss work performed on a quantum two-level system coupled to multiple\nthermal baths. To evaluate the work, a measurement of photon exchange between\nthe system and the baths is envisioned. In a realistic scenario, some photons\nremain unrecorded as they are exchanged with baths that are not accessible to\nthe measurement, and thus only partial information on work and heat is\navailable. The incompleteness of the measurement leads to substantial\ndeviations from standard fluctuation relations. We propose a recovery of these\nrelations, based on including the mutual information given by the counting\nefficiency of the partial measurement. We further present the experimental\nstatus of a possible implementation of the proposed scheme, i.e. a calorimetric\nmeasurement of work, currently with nearly single-photon sensitivity.",
        "positive": "Renewal equations for single-particle diffusion through a semipermeable\n  interface: Diffusion through semipermeable interfaces has a wide range of applications,\nranging from molecular transport through biological membranes to reverse\nosmosis for water purification using artificial membranes. At the\nsingle-particle level, one-dimensional diffusion through a barrier with\nconstant permeability $\\kappa_0$ can be modeled in terms of so-called snapping\nout Brownian motion (BM). The latter sews together successive rounds of\npartially reflecting BMs that are restricted to either the left or right of the\nbarrier. Each round is killed (absorbed) at the barrier when its Brownian local\ntime exceeds an exponential random variable parameterized by $\\kappa_0$. A new\nround is then immediately started in either direction with equal probability.\nIt has recently been shown that the probability density for snapping out BM\nsatisfies a renewal equation that relates the full density to the probability\ndensities of partially reflected BM on either side of the barrier. Moreover,\ngeneralized versions of the renewal equation can be constructed that\nincorporate non-Markovian, encounter-based models of absorption. In this paper\nwe extend the renewal theory of snapping out BM to single-particle diffusion in\nbounded domains and higher spatial dimensions. We also consider an example of\nan asymmetric interface in which the directional switching after each\nabsorption event is biased. Finally, we show how to incorporate an\nencounter-based model of absorption for single-particle diffusion through a\nspherically symmetric interface. We find that, even when the same non-Markovian\nmodel of absorption applies on either side of the interface, the resulting\npermeability is an asymmetric time-dependent function with memory. Moreover,\nthe permeability functions tend to be heavy-tailed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Composability and Generalized Entropy: We address in this paper how tightly the composability nature of systems:\n$S_{A+B} =\\Omega (S_A, S_B)$ constrains definition of generalized entropies and\ninvestigate explicitly the composability in some ansatz of the entropy form.",
        "positive": "Facilitated movement of inertial Brownian motors driven by a load under\n  an asymmetric potential: Based on recent work [L. Machura, M. Kostur, P. Talkner, J. Luczka, and P.\nHanggi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 040601 (2007)], we extend the study of inertial\nBrownian motors to the case of an asymmetric potential. It is found that some\ntransport phenomena appear in the presence of an asymmetric potential. Within\ntailored parameter regimes, there exists two optimal values of the load at\nwhich the mean velocity takes its maximum, which means that a load can\nfacilitate the transport in the two parameter regimes. In addition, the\nphenomenon of multiple current reversals can be observed when the load is\nincreased."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density Matrix Renormalisation Group Variants for Spin Systems: This thesis gives an extension for the Density Matrix Renormalisation Group\n(DMRG) to two dimensions and described a newly developed combination of the\nDMRG and a Green Function Monte Carlo simulation (GFMC).\n  The first two chapters focus on the DMRG method. The properties are reviewed\nand it is shown that good quality results can be obtained for two-dimensional\nsystems through finite-size scaling.\n  In the third and fourth chapter the properties of the two-dimensional\nfrustrated Heisenberg model are analysed using a similar combination of DMRG\nand finite-size scaling.\n  The final chapter presents the combination of the DMRG and GFMC with\nStochastic Reconfiguration (Sorella, Capriotti cond-mat/9902211) We find an\nintermediate phase between Neel and collinear long-range order. This phase\nshows spatial inhomogeneities with a tendency towards plaquette formation.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamical limit of general gl(N) spin chains II: Excited states\n  and energies: We consider the thermodynamical limit of a gl(N) spin chain with arbitrary\nrepresentation at each site of the chain. We consider excitations (with holes\nand new strings) above the vacuum and compute their corrections in 1/L to the\ndensities and the energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatial distributions of non-conservatively interacting particles: Certain types of active systems can be treated as an equilibrium system with\nexcess non-conservative forces driving some of the microscopic degrees of\nfreedom. We derive results for how many particles interacting with each other\nwith both conservative and non-conservative forces will behave. Treating\nnon-conservative forces perturbatevily, we show how the probability\ndistribution of the microscopic degrees of freedom is modified from the\nBoltzmann distribution. We compare the perturbative expansion to an exactly\nsolvable non-conservative system. We then derive approximate forms of this\ndistribution through analyzing the nature of our perturbations. Finally, we\nconsider how the approximate forms for the microscopic distributions we have\nderived lead to different macroscopic states when coarse grained, and compare\nit qualitatively to simulation of non-conservatively interacting particles. In\nparticular we note by introducing non-conservative interactions between\nparticles we modify densities through extra terms which couple to surfaces",
        "positive": "Examination of Boltzmann's H-Function: Dimensionality and Interaction\n  Sensitivity Dependence, and a comment on his H-Theorem: Boltzmann's H-Theorem, formulated 150 years ago in terms of H-function that\nalso bears his name, is one of the most celebrated theorems of science and\npaved the way for the development of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics.\nNevertheless, quantitative studies of the H-function, denoted by H(t), in\nrealistic systems are relatively scarce because of the difficulty of obtaining\nthe time-dependent momentum distribution analytically. Also, the earlier\nattempts proceeded through the solution of Boltzmann's kinetic equation, which\nwas hard. Here we investigate, by direct molecular dynamics simulations and\nanalytic theory, the time dependence of H(t). We probe the sensitivity of\nnonequilibrium relaxation to interaction potential and dimensionality by using\nthe H-function H(t). We evaluate H(t) for three different potentials in all\nthree dimensions and find that it exhibits surprisingly strong sensitivity to\nthese factors. The relaxation of H(t) is long in 1D, but short in 3D. We\nobtain, for the first time, a closed-form analytic expression for H(t) using\nthe solution of the Fokker-Planck equation for the velocity space probability\ndistribution and compare its predictions with the simulation results.\nInterestingly, H(t) is found to exhibit linear response when vastly different\ninitial nonequilibrium conditions are employed. The oft-quoted relation of\nH-function with Clausius's entropy theorem is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the structure of typical states of a disordered Richardson model and\n  many-body localization: We present a thorough numerical study of the Richardson model with quenched\ndisorder (a fully-connected XX-model with longitudinal random fields). We study\nthe onset of delocalization in typical states (many-body delocalization) and\nthe delocalized phase which extends over the whole range of coupling strength\nin the thermodynamic limit. We find a relation between the inverse\nparticipation ratio, the Edwards-Anderson order parameter and the average\nHamming distance between spin configurations covered by a typical eigenstate\nfor which we conjecture a remarkably simple form for the thermodynamic limit.\nWe also studied the random process defined by the spread of a typical\neigenstate on configuration space, highlighting several similarities with\nhopping on percolated hypercube, a process used to mimic the slow relaxation of\nspin glasses.",
        "positive": "One-body reduced density matrix of trapped impenetrable anyons in one\n  dimension: We study the one-body reduced density matrix of a system of $N$\none-dimensional impenetrable anyons trapped by a harmonic potential. To this\npurpose we extend two methods developed to tackle related problems, namely the\ndeterminant approach and the replica method. While the former is the basis for\nexact numerical computations at finite $N$, the latter has the advantage of\nproviding an analytic asymptotic expansion for large $N$. We show that the\nfirst few terms of such expansion are sufficient to reproduce the numerical\nresults to an excellent accuracy even for relatively small $N$, thus\ndemonstrating the effectiveness of the replica method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Moses, Noah and Joseph Effects in Coupled L\u00e9vy Processes: We study a method for detecting the origins of anomalous diffusion, when it\nis observed in an ensemble of times-series, generated experimentally or\nnumerically, without having knowledge about the exact underlying dynamics. The\nreasons for anomalous diffusive scaling of the mean-squared displacement are\ndecomposed into three root causes: increment correlations are expressed by the\n\"Joseph effect\" [Mandelbrot 1968], fat-tails of the increment probability\ndensity lead to a \"Noah effect\" [Mandelbrot 1968], and non-stationarity, to the\n\"Moses effect\" [Chen et al. 2017]. After appropriate rescaling, based on the\nquantification of these effects, the increment distribution converges at\nincreasing times to a time-invariant asymptotic shape. For different processes,\nthis asymptotic limit can be an equilibrium state, an infinite-invariant, or an\ninfinite-covariant density. We use numerical methods of time-series analysis to\nquantify the three effects in a model of a non-linearly coupled L\\'evy walk,\ncompare our results to theoretical predictions, and discuss the generality of\nthe method.",
        "positive": "Self-organised criticality in dilute lattice: The variation of z in BTW model in presence of holes (dissipative sites) has\nbeen studied. The value of z decreases as the fraction of number of holes\nincreases. Interstingly, it is observed that the variation of the rate of\nchange of z with the fraction of number of holes is different for the two\ndifferent types of distribution of holes over the lattice. When the holes are\nrandomly distributed over the lattice then the dissipation is more compared to\nthat of the case when the holes are present in the form of a single compact\ncluster with same fraction. The value of z is less in the first case than that\nobserved in the second case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-adiabatic effect in quantum pumping for a spin-boson system: We clarify the role of non-adiabatic effects in a quantum pumping for a\nspin-boson system. When we sinusoidally control the temperatures of two\nreservoirs with \\pi/2 phase difference, we find that the pumping current\nstrongly depends on the initial condition, and thus, the current deviates from\nthat predicted by the adiabatic treatment. We also analytically obtain the\ncontribution of non-adiabatic effects in the pumping current proportional to\n\\Omega^3 where \\Omega is the angular frequency of the temperature control. The\nvalidity of the analytic expression is verified by our numerical calculation.\nMoreover, we extend the steady heat fluctuation theorem to the case for slowly\nmodulated temperatures and large transferred energies.",
        "positive": "Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, Spectral Statistics, and the Ramp: Ensembles of quantum chaotic systems are expected to exhibit energy\neigenvalues with random-matrix-like level repulsion between pairs of energies\nseparated by less than the inverse Thouless time. Recent research has shown\nthat exact and approximate global symmetries of a system have clear signatures\nin these spectral statistics, enhancing the spectral form factor or\ncorrespondingly weakening level repulsion. This paper extends those results to\nthe case of spontaneous symmetry breaking, and shows that, surprisingly,\nspontaneously breaking a symmetry further enhances the spectral form factor.\nFor both RMT-inspired toy models and models where the symmetry breaking has a\ndescription in terms of fluctuating hydrodynamics, we obtain formulas for this\nenhancement for arbitrary symmetry breaking patterns, including $Z_n$, $U(1)$,\nand partially or fully broken non-Abelian symmetries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Small-World Rouse Networks as models of cross-linked polymers: We use the recently introduced small-world networks (SWN) to model\ncross-linked polymers, as an extension of the linear Rouse-chain. We study the\nSWN-dynamics under the influence of external forces. Our focus is on the\nstructurally and thermally averaged SWN stretching, which we determine both\nnumerically and analytically using a psudo-gap ansatz for the SWN-density of\nstates. The SWN stretching is related to the probability of a random-walker to\nreturn to its origin on the SWN. We compare our results to the corresponding\nones for Cayley trees.",
        "positive": "Kardar-Parisi-Zhang Universality, Anomalous Scaling and Crossover\n  Effects in the Growth of Cdte Thin Films: We report on the growth dynamic of CdTe thin films for deposition\ntemperatures ($T$) in the range of $150\\,^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ to\n$300\\,^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$. A relation between mound evolution and\nlarge-wavelength fluctuations at CdTe surface has been established. One finds\nthat short-length scales are dictated by an interplay between the effects of\nthe formation of defects at boundaries of neighbouring grains and a relaxation\nprocess which stems from the diffusion and deposition of particles (CdTe\nmolecules) torward these regions. A Kinetic Monte Carlo model corroborates\nthese reasonings. As $T$ is increased, the competition gives rise to different\nscenarios in the roughening scaling such as: uncorrelated growth, a crossover\nfrom random to correlated growth and transient anomalous scaling. In\nparticular, for $T = 250\\,^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, one shows that surface\nfluctuations are described by the celebrated Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ)\nequation, in the meantime that, the universality of height, local roughness and\nmaximal height distributions for the KPZ class is, finally, experimentally\ndemonstrated. The dynamic of fluctuations at the CdTe surface for other\ntemperatures still is described by the KPZ equation, but with different values\nfor the superficial tension ($\\nu$) and excess of velocity ($\\lambda$). Namely,\nfor $T = 150\\,^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ one finds a Poissonian growth that indicates\n$\\nu = \\lambda = 0$. For $T = 200\\,^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, however, a\nRandom-to-KPZ crossover is found, with $\\lambda > 0$ in the second regime.\nFinally, for films grown at $T = 300\\,^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$, one demonstrates\nthat a KPZ growth with $\\lambda < 0$ takes place. We discuss the different\nmechanisms leading to KPZ scaling which depend on $T$, and conjecture the\nbehavior of the phenomenological parameter $\\lambda$ as function of the\ndeposition temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Option Pricing Formulas based on a non-Gaussian Stock Price Model: Options are financial instruments that depend on the underlying stock. We\nexplain their non-Gaussian fluctuations using the nonextensive thermodynamics\nparameter $q$. A generalized form of the Black-Scholes (B-S) partial\ndifferential equation, and some closed-form solutions are obtained. The\nstandard B-S equation ($q=1$) which is used by economists to calculate option\nprices requires multiple values of the stock volatility (known as the\nvolatility smile). Using $q=1.5$ which well models the empirical distribution\nof returns, we get a good description of option prices using a single\nvolatility.",
        "positive": "Spectral gaps of open TASEP in the maximal current phase: We study spectral gaps of the one-dimensional totally asymmetric simple\nexclusion process (TASEP) with open boundaries in the maximal current phase.\nEarlier results for the model with periodic boundaries suggest that the gaps\ncontributing to the universal KPZ regime may be understood as points on an\ninfinite genus Riemann surface built from a parametric representation of the\ncumulant generating function of the current. We perform explicit analytic\ncontinuations from the known large deviations of the current for open TASEP,\nand confirm the results for the gaps by an exact Bethe ansatz calculation, with\nadditional checks using high precision extrapolation numerics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Yang-Baxter integrable Lindblad equations: We consider Lindblad equations for one dimensional fermionic models and\nquantum spin chains. By employing a (graded) super-operator formalism we\nidentify a number of Lindblad equations than can be mapped onto non-Hermitian\ninteracting Yang-Baxter integrable models. Employing Bethe Ansatz techniques we\nshow that the late-time dynamics of some of these models is diffusive.",
        "positive": "Exact matrix-product states for parallel dynamics: Open boundaries and\n  excess mass on the ring: In this paper it is shown that the steady-state weights of the asymmetric\nsimple exclusion process (ASEP) with open boundaries and parallel update can be\nwritten as a product of a scalar pair-factorized and a matrix-product state.\nThis type of state is also obtained for an ASEP on a ring in which particles\ncan move one or two sites. The dynamics leads to the formation of an excess\nhole that plays the role of a defect. We expect the process to play a similar\nrole for parallel dynamics as the well-known ASEP with a single defect-particle\n(that is obtained in the continuous-time limit) especially for the study of\nshocks. The process exhibits a first-order phase transition between two phases\nwith different defect velocities. These are calculated exactly from the\nprocess-generating function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm applied to random optimization problems:\n  the quantum spin glass perspective: Among various algorithms designed to exploit the specific properties of\nquantum computers with respect to classical ones, the quantum adiabatic\nalgorithm is a versatile proposition to find the minimal value of an arbitrary\ncost function (ground state energy). Random optimization problems provide a\nnatural testbed to compare its efficiency with that of classical algorithms.\nThese problems correspond to mean field spin glasses that have been extensively\nstudied in the classical case. This paper reviews recent analytical works that\nextended these studies to incorporate the effect of quantum fluctuations, and\npresents also some original results in this direction.",
        "positive": "Subtlety of Studying the Critical Theory of a Second Order Phase\n  Transition: We study the quantum phase transition from a super solid phase to a solid\nphase of rho = 1/2 for the extended Bose-Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice\nusing first principles Monte Carlo calculations. The motivation of our study is\nto quantitatively understand the impact of theoretical input, in particular the\ndynamical critical exponent z, in calculating the critical exponent nu. Hence\nwe have carried out four sets of simulations with beta = 2N^{1/2}, beta =\n8N^{1/2}, beta = N/2, and beta = N/4, respectively. Here beta is the inverse\ntemperature and N is the numbers of lattice sites used in the simulations. By\napplying data collapse to the observable superfluid density rho_{s2} in the\nsecond spatial direction, we confirm that the transition is indeed governed by\nthe superfluid-insulator universality class. However we find it is subtle to\ndetermine the precise location of the critical point. For example, while the\ncritical chemical potential (mu/V)_c occurs at (mu/V)_c = 2.3239(3) for the\ndata obtained using beta = 2N^{1/2}, the (mu/V)_c determined from the data\nsimulated with beta = N/2 is found to be (mu/V)_c = 2.3186(2). Further, while a\ngood data collapse for rho_{s2}N can be obtained with the data determined using\nbeta = N/4 in the simulations, a reasonable quality of data collapse for the\nsame observable calculated from another set of simulations with beta = 8N^{1/2}\ncan hardly be reached. Surprisingly, assuming z for this phase transition is\ndetermined to be 2 first in a Monte Carlo calculation, then a high quality data\ncollapse for rho_{s2}N can be achieved for (mu/V)_c ~ 2.3184 and nu ~ 0.7 using\nthe data obtained with beta = 8N^{1/2}. Our results imply that one might need\nto reconsider the established phase diagrams of some models if the accurate\nlocation of the critical point is crucial in obtaining a conclusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Preferential growth: Solution and application to modeling stock market: We consider a preferential growth model where particles are added one by one\nto the system consisting of clusters of particles. A new particle can either\nform a new cluster (with probability q) or join an already existing cluster\nwith a probability proportional to the size thereof. We calculate exactly the\nprobability P_i(k,t) that the size of the i-th cluster at time t is k. We\napplied our model as a background for a microscopic economic model.",
        "positive": "Non-conserved magnetization operator and `fire-and-ice' ground states in\n  the Ising-Heisenberg diamond chain: We consider the diamond chain with S=1/2 XYZ vertical dimers which interact\nwith the intermediate sites via the interaction of the Ising type. We also\nsuppose all four spins form the diamond-shaped plaquette to have different\ng-factors. The non-uniform g-factors within the quantum spin dimer as well as\nthe XY-anisotropy of the exchange interaction lead to the non-conserving\nmagnetization for the chain. We analyze the effects of non-conserving\nmagnetization as well as the effects of the appearance of negative g-factors\namong the spins from the unit cell. A number of unusual frustrated states for\nferromagnetic couplings and g-factors with non-uniform signs are found out.\nThese frustrated states generalize the \"half-fire-half-ice\" state introduced in\nRef. [8]. The corresponding zero-temperature ground state phase diagrams are\npresented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Void formation in diffusive lattice gases: What is the probability that a macroscopic void will spontaneously arise, at\na specified time T, in an initially homogeneous gas? We address this question\nfor diffusive lattice gases, and also determine the most probable density\nhistory leading to the void formation. We employ the macroscopic fluctuation\ntheory by Bertini et al and consider both annealed and quenched averaging\nprocedures (the initial condition is allowed to fluctuate in the annealed\nsetting). We show that in the annealed case the void formation probability is\ngiven by the equilibrium Boltzmann-Gibbs formula, so the probability is\nindependent of T (and also of the void shape, as only the volume matters). In\nthe quenched case, which is intrinsically non-equilibrium, we evaluate the void\nformation probability analytically for non-interacting random walkers and probe\nit numerically for the simple symmetric exclusion process. For voids that are\nsmall compared with the diffusion length, the equilibrium result for the void\nformation probability is recovered. We also re-derive our main results for\nnon-interacting random walkers from an exact microscopic analysis.",
        "positive": "Predictive statistical mechanics and macroscopic time evolution. A model\n  for closed Hamiltonian systems: Predictive statistical mechanics is a form of inference from available data,\nwithout additional assumptions, for predicting reproducible phenomena. By\napplying it to systems with Hamiltonian dynamics, a problem of predicting the\nmacroscopic time evolution of the system in the case of incomplete information\nabout the microscopic dynamics was considered. In the model of a closed\nHamiltonian system (i.e. system that can exchange energy but not particles with\nthe environment) that with the Liouville equation uses the concepts of\ninformation theory, analysis was conducted of the loss of correlation between\nthe initial phase space paths and final microstates, and the related loss of\ninformation about the state of the system. It is demonstrated that applying the\nprinciple of maximum information entropy by maximizing the conditional\ninformation entropy, subject to the constraint given by the Liouville equation\naveraged over the phase space, leads to a definition of the rate of change of\nentropy without any additional assumptions. In the subsequent paper\n(http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.02625) this basic model is generalized further and\nbrought into direct connection with the results of nonequilibrium theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium Properties of Mixtures of Bosons and Fermions: Partial Quantum Nearest Neighbor Probability Density Functions (PQNNPDF's)\nare formulated for the purpose of determining the behavior of quantum mixed\nsystems in equilibrium in a manner analogous to that provided for classical\nmulti-component systems. Developments in partial quantum m-tuplet distribution\nfunctions, a generalization of the partial quantum radial distribution\nfunction, along with their relationship to PQNNPDF's, are briefly elucidated.\nThe calculation of statistical thermodynamic properties of quantum mixtures is\npresented for arbitrary material systems. Application to the limiting case of\ndilute, weakly correlated quantum gas mixtures has been outlined and the second\nvirial coefficient is derived. The case of dilute strongly degenerate mixtures\nis also addressed, providing an expression for the PQNNPDF applicable in this\nthermodynamic regime.",
        "positive": "L\u00e9vy processes on a generalized fractal comb: Comb geometry, constituted of a backbone and fingers, is one of the most\nsimple paradigm of a two dimensional structure, where anomalous diffusion can\nbe realized in the framework of Markov processes. However, the intrinsic\nproperties of the structure can destroy this Markovian transport. These effects\ncan be described by the memory and spatial kernels. In particular, the fractal\nstructure of the fingers, which is controlled by the spatial kernel in both the\nreal and the Fourier spaces, leads to the L\\'evy processes (L\\'evy flights) and\nsuperdiffusion. This generalization of the fractional diffusion is described by\nthe Riesz space fractional derivative. In the framework of this generalized\nfractal comb model, L\\'evy processes are considered, and exact solutions for\nthe probability distribution functions are obtained in terms of the Fox\n$H$-function for a variety of the memory kernels, and the rate of the\nsuperdiffusive spreading is studied by calculating the fractional moments. For\na special form of the memory kernels, we also observed a competition between\nlong rests and long jumps. Finally, we considered the fractional structure of\nthe fingers controlled by a Weierstrass function, which leads to the power-law\nkernel in the Fourier space. It is a special case, when the second moment\nexists for superdiffusion in this competition between long rests and long\njumps."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behaviour of the Ising model on the 4-dimensional lattice: In this paper we investigate the nature of the singularity of the Ising model\nof the 4-dimensional cubic lattice. It is rigorously known that the specific\nheat has critical exponent $\\alpha=0$ but a non-rigorous field-theory argument\npredicts an unbounded specific heat with a logarithmic singularity at $T_c$. We\nfind that within the given accuracy the canonical ensemble data is consistent\nboth with a logarithmic singularity and a bounded specific heat, but that the\nmicro-canonical ensemble lends stronger support to a bounded specific heat. Our\nconclusion is that either much larger system sizes are needed for Monte Carlo\nstudies of this model in four dimensions or the field theory prediction of a\nlogarithmic singularity is wrong.",
        "positive": "The Scaling Limit Geometry of Near-Critical 2D Percolation: We analyze the geometry of scaling limits of near-critical 2D percolation,\ni.e., for $p=p_c+\\lambda\\delta^{1/\\nu}$, with $\\nu=4/3$, as the lattice spacing\n$\\delta \\to 0$. Our proposed framework extends previous analyses for $p=p_c$,\nbased on $SLE_6$. It combines the continuum nonsimple loop process describing\nthe full scaling limit at criticality with a Poissonian process for marking\ndouble (touching) points of that (critical) loop process. The double points are\nexactly the continuum limits of \"macroscopically pivotal\" lattice sites and the\nmarked ones are those that actually change state as $\\lambda$ varies. This\nstructure is rich enough to yield a one-parameter family of near-critical loop\nprocesses and their associated connectivity probabilities as well as related\nprocesses describing, e.g., the scaling limit of 2D minimal spanning trees."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations relations for semiclassical single-mode laser: Over last decades, the study of laser fluctuations has shown that laser\ntheory may be regarded as a prototypical example of a nonlinear nonequilibrium\nproblem. The present paper discusses the fluctuation relations, recently\nderived in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, in the context of the\nsemiclassical laser theory.",
        "positive": "Stochastic (in)stability of synchronisation of oscillators on networks: We consider the influence of correlated noise on the stability of\nsynchronisation of oscillators on a general network using the Kuramoto model\nfor coupled phases $\\theta_i$. Near the fixed point $\\theta_i \\approx \\theta_j\n\\ \\forall i,j$ the impact of the noise is analysed through the Fokker-Planck\nequation. We deem the stochastic system to be `weakly unstable' if the Mean\nFirst Passage Time for the system to drift outside the fixed point basin of\nattraction is less than the time for which the noise is sustained. We argue\nthat a Mean First Passage Time, computed near the phase synchronised fixed\npoint, gives a useful lower bound on the tolerance of the system to noise.\nApplying the saddle point approximation, we analytically derive general\nthresholds for the noise parameters for weak stochastic stability. We\nillustrate this by numerically solving the full Kuramoto model in the presence\nof noise for an example complex network."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-similar dynamics of air film entrained by a solid disk in confined\n  space: a simple prototype of topological transitions: In hydrodynamic topological transitions, one mass of fluid breaks into two or\ntwo merge into one. For example, in the honey-drop formation when honey\ndripping from a spoon, honey is extended to separate into two as the liquid\nneck bridging them thins down to micron scales. At the moment when topology\nchanges due to the breakup, physical observables such as surface curvature\nlocally diverges. Such singular dynamics have widely attracted physicists,\nrevealing universality in their self-similar dynamics, which share much in\ncommon with critical phenomena in thermodynamics. Many experimental examples\nhave been found, which include electric spout and vibration-induced jet\neruption. However, only a few cases have been physically understood on the\nbasis of equations that govern the singular dynamics and even in such a case\nthe physical understanding is mathematically complicated inevitably involving\ndelicate numerical calculations. Here, we study breakup of air film entrained\nby a solid disk into viscous liquid in a confined space, which leads to\nformation, thinning and breakup of the neck of air. As a result, we\nunexpectedly find that equations governing the neck dynamics can be solved\nanalytically by virtue of two remarkable experimental features: only a single\nlength scale linearly dependent on time remains near the singularity and\nuniversal scaling functions describing singular neck shape and velocity field\nare both analytic. The present solvable case would be essential for our better\nunderstanding of the singular dynamics and will help unveil the physics of\nunresolved examples intimately related to daily-life phenomena and diverse\npractical applications.",
        "positive": "Impenetrable Barriers in Phase Space for Deterministic Thermostats: We investigate the relation between the phase space structure of Hamiltonian\nand non-Hamiltonian deterministic thermostats. We show that phase space\nstructures governing reaction dynamics in Hamiltonian systems map to the same\ntype of phase space structures for the non-Hamiltonian isokinetic equations of\nmotion for the thermostatted Hamiltonian. Our results establish a framework for\nanalyzing thermostat dynamics using concepts and methods developed in reaction\nrate theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On absence of steady state in the Bouchaud-M\u00e9zard network model: In the limit of infinite number of nodes (agents), the It\\^o-reduced\nBouchaud-M\\'ezard network model of economic exchange has a time-independent\nmean and a steady-state inverse gamma distribution. We show that for a finite\nnumber of nodes the mean is actually distributed as a time-dependent lognormal\nand inverse gamma is quasi-stationary, with the time-dependent scale parameter.",
        "positive": "Definitions and Evolutions of Statistical Entropy for Hamiltonian\n  Systems: Regardless of studies and debates over a century, the statistical origin of\nthe second law of thermodynamics still remains illusive. One essential obstacle\nis the lack of a proper theoretical formalism for non-equilibrium entropy. Here\nI revisit the seminal ideas about non-equilibrium statistical entropy due to\nBoltzmann and due to Gibbs, and synthesize them into a coherent and precise\nframework. Using this framework, I clarify the anthropomorphic principle of\nentropy, and analyze the evolution of entropy for classical Hamiltonian systems\nunder different experimental setups. I find that evolution of Boltzmann entropy\nobeys a Stochastic H-Theorem, which relates probability of Boltzmann entropy\nincreasing to that of decreasing. By contrast, the coarse-grained Gibbs entropy\nis monotonically increasing, if the microscopic dynamics is locally mixing, and\nthe initial state is a Boltzmann state. These results clarify the precise\nmeaning of the second law of thermodynamics for classical systems, and\ndemonstrate that it is the initial condition as a Boltzmann state that is\nultimately responsible for the arrow of time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiple current reversals in forced inhomogeneous ratchets: Transport properties of overdamped Brownian paricles in a rocked thermal\nratchet with space dependent friction coefficient is studied. By tuning the\nparameters, the direction of current exhibit multiple reversals, both as a\nfunction of the thermal noise strength as well as the amplitude of rocking\nforce. Current reversals also occur under deterministic conditions and exhibits\nintriguing structure. All these features arise due to mutual interplay between\npotential asymmetry,noise, driving frequency and inhomogeneous friction.",
        "positive": "Anomalous diffusion in systems driven by the stable Levy noise with a\n  finite noise relaxation time and inertia: Dynamical systems driven by a general L\\'evy stable noise are considered. The\ninertia is included and the noise, represented by a generalised\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck process, has a finite relaxation time. A general linear\nproblem (the additive noise) is solved: the resulting distribution converges\nwith time to the distribution for the white-noise, massless case. Moreover, a\nmultiplicative noise is discussed. It can make the distribution steeper and the\nvariance, which is finite, depends sublinearly on time (subdiffusion). For a\nsmall mass, a white-noise limit corresponds to the Stratonovich interpretation.\nOn the other hand, the distribution tails agree with the Ito interpretation if\nthe inertia is very large. An escape time from the potential well is\ncalculated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectral signature of nonequilibrium conditions: The study of stochastic systems has received considerable interest over the\nyears. Their dynamics can describe many equilibrium and nonequilibrium\nfluctuating systems. At the same time, nonequilibrium constraints interact with\nthe time evolution in various ways. Here we review the dynamics of stochastic\nsystems from the viewpoint of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. We explore the\neffect of external thermodynamic forces on the possible dynamical regimes and\nshow that the time evolution can become intrinsically different under\nnonequilibrium conditions. For example, nonequilibrium systems with real\ndynamical components are similar to equilibrium ones when their state space\ndimension N < 5, but this equivalence is lost in higher dimensions. Out of\nequilibrium systems thus present new dynamical behaviors with respect to their\nequilibrium counterpart. We also study the dynamical modes of generalized,\nnon-stochastic evolution operators such as those arising in counting\nstatistics.",
        "positive": "Synchronization in a System of Kuramoto Oscillators with Distributed\n  Gaussian Noise: We consider a system of globally-coupled phase-only oscillators with\ndistributed intrinsic frequencies and evolving in presence of distributed\nGaussian, white noise, namely, a Gaussian, white noise whose strength for every\noscillator is a specified function of its intrinsic frequency. In the absence\nof noise, the model reduces to the celebrated Kuramoto model of spontaneous\nsynchronization. For two specific forms of the mentioned functional dependence\nand for a symmetric and unimodal distribution of the intrinsic frequencies, we\nunveil the rich long-time behavior that the system exhibits, which stands in\nstark contrast to the case in which the noise strength is the same for all the\noscillators. Namely, in the studied dynamics, the system may exist in either a\nsynchronized or an incoherent or a time-periodic state; interestingly, all of\nthese states also appear as long-time solutions of the Kuramoto dynamics for\nthe case of bimodal frequency distributions, but in the absence of any noise in\nthe dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "DSMC evaluation of the Navier-Stokes shear viscosity of a granular fluid: A method based on the simple shear flow modified by the introduction of a\ndeterministic non-conservative force and a stochastic process is proposed to\nmeasure the Navier-Stokes shear viscosity in a granular fluid described by the\nEnskog equation. The method is implemented in DSMC simulations for a wide range\nof values of dissipation and density. It is observed that, after a certain\ntransient period, the system reaches a hydrodynamic stage which tends to the\nNavier-Stokes regime for long times. The results are compared with theoretical\npredictions obtained from the Chapman-Enskog method in the leading Sonine\napproximation, showing quite a good agreement, even for strong dissipation.",
        "positive": "Spectral and formal stability criteria of spatially inhomogeneous\n  stationary solutions to the Vlasov equation for the Hamiltonian mean-field\n  model: Stability of spatially inhomogeneous solutions to the Vlasov equation is\ninvestigated for the Hamiltonian mean-field model to provide the spectral\nstability criterion and the formal stability criterion in the form of necessary\nand sufficient conditions. These criteria determine stability of spatially\ninhomogeneous solutions whose stability has not been decided correctly by using\na less refined formal stability criterion. It is shown that some of such\nsolutions can be found in a family of stationary solutions to the Vlasov\nequation, which is parametrized with macroscopic quantities and has a two-phase\ncoexistence region in the parameter space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reentrance of disorder in the anisotropic shuriken Ising model: For a material to order upon cooling is common sense. What is more seldom is\nfor disorder to reappear at lower temperature, which is known as reentrant\nbehavior. Such resurgence of disorder has been observed in a variety of\nsystems, ranging from Rochelle salts to nematic phases in liquid crystals.\nFrustration is often a key ingredient for reentrance mechanisms. Here we shall\nstudy a frustrated model, namely the anisotropic shuriken lattice, which offers\na natural setting to explore an extension of the notion of reentrance between\nmagnetic disordered phases. By tuning the anisotropy of the lattice, we open a\nwindow in the phase diagram where magnetic disorder prevails down to zero\ntemperature. In this region, the competition between multiple disordered ground\nstates gives rise to a double crossover where both the low- and\nhigh-temperature regimes are less correlated than the intervening classical\nspin liquid. This reentrance of disorder is characterized by an entropy\nplateau, a multi-step Curie law crossover and a rather complex diffuse\nscattering in the static structure factor. Those results are confirmed by\ncomplementary numerical and analytical methods: Monte Carlo simulations,\nHusimi-tree calculations and an exact decoration-iteration transformation.",
        "positive": "Finite temperature correlations and density profiles of an inhomogeneous\n  interacting 1D Bose gas: We calculate the density profiles and density correlation functions of the\none-dimensional Bose gas in a harmonic trap, using the exact finite-temperature\nsolutions for the uniform case, and applying a local density approximation. The\nresults are valid for a trapping potential which is slowly varying relative to\na correlation length. They allow a direct experimental test of the transition\nfrom the weak coupling Gross-Pitaevskii regime to the strong coupling,\n'fermionic' Tonks-Girardeau regime. We also calculate the average two-particle\ncorrelation which characterizes the bulk properties of the sample, and find\nthat it can be well approximated by the value of the local pair correlation in\nthe trap center."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Page Curves for General Interacting Systems: We calculate in detail the Renyi entanglement entropies of cTPQ states as a\nfunction of subsystem volume, filling the details of our prior work [Nature\nCommunications 9, 1635 (2018)], where the formulas were first presented.\nWorking in a limit of large total volume, we find universal formulas for the\nRenyi entanglement entropies in a region where the subsystem volume is\ncomparable to that of the total system. The formulas are applicable to the\ninfinite temperature limit as well as general interacting systems. For example\nwe find that the second Renyi entropy of cTPQ states in terms of subsystem\nvolume is written universally up to two constants, $S_2(\\ell)=-\\ln\nK(\\beta)+\\ell\\ln a(\\beta)-\\ln\\left(1+a(\\beta)^{-L+2\\ell}\\right)$, where $L$ is\nthe total volume of the system and $a$ and $K$ are two undetermined constants.\nThe uses of the formulas were already presented in our prior work and we mostly\nconcentrate on the theoretical aspect of the formulas themselves. Aside from\nderiving the formulas for the Renyi Page curves, the expression for the von\nNeumann Page curve is also derived, which was not presented in our previous\nwork.",
        "positive": "Ground state energy of the $\u03b4$-Bose and Fermi gas at weak coupling\n  from double extrapolation: We consider the ground state energy of the Lieb-Liniger gas with $\\delta$\ninteraction in the weak coupling regime $\\gamma\\to0$. For bosons with repulsive\ninteraction, previous studies gave the expansion\n$e_{\\text{B}}(\\gamma)\\simeq\\gamma-4\\gamma^{3/2}/3\\pi+(1/6-1/\\pi^{2})\\gamma^{2}$.\nUsing a numerical solution of the Lieb-Liniger integral equation discretized\nwith $M$ points and finite strength $\\gamma$ of the interaction, we obtain very\naccurate numerics for the next orders after extrapolation on $M$ and $\\gamma$.\nThe coefficient of $\\gamma^{5/2}$ in the expansion is found approximately equal\nto $-0.00158769986550594498929$, accurate within all digits shown. This value\nis supported by a numerical solution of the Bethe equations with $N$ particles\nfollowed by extrapolation on $N$ and $\\gamma$. It was identified as\n$(3\\zeta(3)/8-1/2)/\\pi^{3}$ by G. Lang. The next two coefficients are also\nguessed from numerics. For balanced spin $1/2$ fermions with attractive\ninteraction, the best result so far for the ground state energy was\n$e_{\\text{F}}(\\gamma)\\simeq\\pi^{2}/12-\\gamma/2+\\gamma^{2}/6$. An analogue\ndouble extrapolation scheme leads to the value $-\\zeta(3)/\\pi^{4}$ for the\ncoefficient of $\\gamma^{3}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Principle of Maximum Entropy Applied to Rayleigh-B\u00e9nard Convection: A statistical-mechanical investigation is performed on Rayleigh-B\\'enard\nconvection of a dilute classical gas starting from the Boltzmann equation. We\nfirst present a microscopic derivation of basic hydrodynamic equations and an\nexpression of entropy appropriate for the convection. This includes an\nalternative justification for the Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation. We then\ncalculate entropy change through the convective transition choosing mechanical\nquantities as independent variables. Above the critical Rayleigh number, the\nsystem is found to evolve from the heat-conducting uniform state towards the\nconvective roll state with monotonic increase of entropy on the average. Thus,\nthe principle of maximum entropy proposed for nonequilibrium steady states in a\npreceding paper is indeed obeyed in this prototype example. The principle also\nprovides a natural explanation for the enhancement of the Nusselt number in\nconvection.",
        "positive": "Tuning spreading and avalanche-size exponents in directed percolation\n  with modified activation probabilities: We consider the directed percolation process as a prototype of systems\ndisplaying a nonequilibrium phase transition into an absorbing state. The model\nis in a critical state when the activation probability is adjusted at some\nprecise value p_c. Criticality is lost as soon as the probability to activate\nsites at the first attempt, p1, is changed. We show here that criticality can\nbe restored by \"compensating\" the change in p1 by an appropriate change of the\nsecond time activation probability p2 in the opposite direction. At\ncompensation, we observe that the bulk exponents of the process coincide with\nthose of the normal directed percolation process. However, the spreading\nexponents are changed, and take values that depend continuously on the pair\n(p1, p2). We interpret this situation by acknowledging that the model with\nmodified initial probabilities has an infinite number of absorbing states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slow Kinetics of Brownian Maxima: We study extreme-value statistics of Brownian trajectories in one dimension.\nWe define the maximum as the largest position to date and compare maxima of two\nparticles undergoing independent Brownian motion. We focus on the probability\nP(t) that the two maxima remain ordered up to time t, and find the algebraic\ndecay P ~ t^(-beta) with exponent beta=1/4. When the two particles have\ndiffusion constants D1 and D2, the exponent depends on the mobilities,\nbeta=(1/pi)arctan[sqrt(D2/D1)]. We also use numerical simulations to\ninvestigate maxima of multiple particles in one dimension and the largest\nextension of particles in higher dimensions.",
        "positive": "Self-organized model for information spread in financial markets: A self-organized model with social percolation process is proposed to\ndescribe the propagations of information for different trading ways across a\nsocial system and the automatic formation of various groups within market\ntraders. Based on the market structure of this model, some stylized\nobservations of real market can be reproduced, including the slow decay of\nvolatility correlations, and the fat tail distribution of price returns which\nis found to cross over to an exponential-type asymptotic decay in different\ndimensional systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Phase Diagram of a model with Aggregation and Chipping: We revisit a simple lattice model of aggregation in which masses diffuse and\ncoalesce upon contact with rate 1 and every nonzero mass chips off a single\nunit of mass to a randomly chosen neighbour with rate $w$. The dynamics\nconserves the average mass density $\\rho$ and in the stationary state the\nsystem undergoes a nonequilibrium phase transition in the $(\\rho-w)$ plane\nacross a critical line $\\rho_c(w)$. In this paper, we show analytically that in\narbitrary spatial dimensions, $\\rho_c(w) = \\sqrt{w+1}-1$ exactly and hence,\nremarkably, independent of dimension. We also provide direct and indirect\nnumerical evidence that strongly suggest that the mean field asymptotic answer\nfor the single site mass distribution function and the associated critical\nexponents are super-universal, i.e., independent of dimension.",
        "positive": "Derivation of the non-equilibrium generalized Langevin equation from a\n  generic time-dependent Hamiltonian: It has been become standard practice to describe steady-state non-equilibrium\nphenomena by Langevin equations with colored noise and time-dependent friction\nkernels that do not obey the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, but since these\nLangevin equations are typically not derived from first-principle Hamiltonian\ndynamics it is not clear whether they correspond to physically realizable\nscenarios. By exact Mori projection in phase space we derive the\nnon-equilibrium generalized Langevin equation (GLE) from a generic many-body\nHamiltonian with a time-dependent force h(t) acting on an arbitrary phase-space\ndependent observable $A$. The GLE is obtained in explicit form to all orders in\n$h(t)$. For non-equilibrium observables that correspond to a Gaussian process,\nthe resultant GLE has the same form as the equilibrium Mori GLE, in particular\nthe memory kernel is proportional to the total force autocorrelation function.\nThis means that the extraction and simulation methods developed for equilibrium\nGLEs can be used also for non-equilibrium Gaussian variables. This is a\nnon-trivial and very useful result, as many observables that characterize\nnon-equilibrium systems display Gaussian statistics. For non-Gaussian\nnon-equilibrium variables correction terms appear in the GLE and in the\nrelation between the complementary force autocorrelations and the memory\nkernels, which are explicitly given in term of cubic correlation functions of\n$A$. Interpreting the time-dependent force h(t) as a stochastic process, we\nderive non-equilibrium corrections to the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and\nmethods to extract all GLE parameters from experimental or simulation data,\nthus making our non-equilibrium GLE a practical tool to study and model general\nnon-equilibrium systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Application of the Bogolyubov's theory of weakly non-ideal Bose gas on\n  the A+A, A+B, B+B reaction-diffusion system: Theoretical methods for dealing with diffusion-controlled reactions\ninevitably rely on some kind of approximation and to find the one that works on\na particular problem is not always easy. In here the approximation used by\nBogolyubov to study weakly non-ideal Bose gas, to be refereed to as weakly\nnon-ideal Bose gas approximation (WBGA), is applied in the analysis of of the\nthree reaction-diffusion models (i) A+A->0, (ii) A+B->0 and (iii)\nA+A,B+B,A+B->0 (the ABBA model). The two types of WBGA are considered, the\nsimpler WBGA-I and more complicated WBGA-II. All models are defined on the\nlattice to facilitate comparison with computer experiment (simulation). It is\nfound that the WBGA describes A+B reaction well, it reproduces correct d/4\ndensity decay exponent. However, it fails in the case of the A+A reaction and\nthe ABBA model. (To cure deficiency of WBGA in dealing with A+A model the\nhybrid of WBGA and Kirkwood superposition approximation is suggested.) It is\nshown that the WBGA-I is identical to the dressed tree calculation suggested by\nLee in J. Phys. A 27, 2633 (1994), and that the dressed tree calculation does\nnot lead to the d/2 density decay exponent when applied to the A+A reaction, as\nnormally believed, but it predicts d/4 decay exponent. Last, the usage of the\nsmall n_0 approximation suggested by Mattis and Glasser in Rev. Mod. Phys. 70,\n979 (1998) is questioned if used beyond A+B reaction-diffusion model.",
        "positive": "Power-law distributions for the areas of the basins of attraction on a\n  potential energy landscape: Energy landscape approaches have become increasingly popular for analysing a\nwide variety of chemical physics phenomena. Basic to many of these applications\nhas been the inherent structure mapping, which divides up the potential energy\nlandscape into basins of attraction surrounding the minima. Here, we probe the\nnature of this division by introducing a method to compute the basin area\ndistribution and applying it to some archetypal supercooled liquids. We find\nthat this probability distribution is a power law over a large number of\ndecades with the lower-energy minima having larger basins of attraction.\nInterestingly, the exponent for this power law is approximately the same as\nthat for a high-dimensional Apollonian packing, providing further support for\nthe suggestion that there is a strong analogy between the way the energy\nlandscape is divided into basins, and the way that space is packed in\nself-similar, space-filling hypersphere packings, such as the Apollonian\npacking. These results suggest that the basins of attraction provide a\nfractal-like tiling of the energy landscape, and that a scale-free pattern of\nconnections between the minima is a general property of energy landscapes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Electroprewetting near a flat charged surface: We look at the wetting of a pure fluid in contact with a charged flat\nsurface. In the bulk, the fluid is a classical van der Waals fluid containing\ndissociated ions. The presence of wall and ions leads to strong\ndielectrophoretic and electrophoretic forces that increase the fluid's density\nat the wall. We calculate the fluid's profiles analytically and numerically and\nobtain the energy integrals. The critical surface potential for prewetting is\nobtained. In the phase diagrams, the line of first-order transition meets a\nsecond-order transition line at a critical point whose temperature can be\nhigher or lower than the bulk critical temperature. The results are relevant to\ndroplet nucleation around charged particles in the atmosphere and could\npossibly explain deviations from expected nucleation rates.",
        "positive": "Optimal power and efficiency of odd engines: Odd materials feature antisymmetric response to perturbations. This anomalous\nproperty can stem from the nonequilibrium activity of their components, which\nis sustained by an external energy supply. These materials open the door to\ndesigning innovative engines which extract work by applying cyclic\ndeformations, without any equivalent in equilibrium. Here, we reveal that the\nefficiency of such energy conversion, from local activity to macroscopic work,\ncan be arbitrarily close to unity when the cycles of deformation are properly\ndesigned. We illustrate these principles in some canonical viscoelastic\nmaterials, which leads us to identify strategies for optimizing power and\nefficiency according to material properties, and to delineate guidelines for\nthe design of more complex odd engines."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Landau-Zener problem for energies close to potential crossing points: We examine one overlooked in previous investigations aspect of well - known\nLandau - Zener (LZ) problem, namely, the behavior in the intermediate, i.e.\nclose to a crossing point, energy region, when all four LZ states are coupled\nand should be taken into account. We calculate the 4 x 4 connection matrix in\nthis intermediate energy region, possessing the same block structure as the\nknown connection matrices for the tunneling and in the over-barrier regions of\nthe energy, and continously matching those in the corresponding energy regions.",
        "positive": "Diffusive Domain Coarsening : Early Time Dynamics and Finite-Size\n  Effects: We study diffusive dynamics of phase separation in a binary mixture,\nfollowing critical quench, both in spatial dimensions $d=2$ and $d=3$.\nParticular focus in this work is to obtain information about effects of system\nsize and correction to the growth law via appropriate application of\nfinite-size scaling method to the results obtained from Kawasaki exchange Monte\nCarlo simulation of Ising model.\n  Observations of only weak size effects and very small correction to scaling\nin the growth law are significant. The methods used in this work and\ninformation thus gathered will be of paramount importance in the study of\nkinetics of phase separation in fluids and other problems of growing length\nscale. We also provide detailed discussion on standard methods of understanding\nsimulation results which may lead to inappropriate conclusions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical properties of the eight-vertex model in a field: The general eight-vertex model on a square lattice is studied numerically by\nusing the Corner Transfer Matrix Renormalization Group method. The method is\ntested on the symmetric (zero-field) version of the model, the obtained\ndependence of critical exponents on model's parameters is in agreement with\nBaxter's exact solution and weak universality is verified with a high accuracy.\nIt was suggested longtime ago that the symmetric eight-vertex model is a\nspecial exceptional case and in the presence of external fields the\neight-vertex model falls into the Ising universality class. We confirm\nnumerically this conjecture in a subspace of vertex weights, except for two\nspecific combinations of vertical and horizontal fields for which the system\nstill exhibits weak universality.",
        "positive": "New ordered phases in a class of generalized XY models: It is well known that the 2D XY model exhibits an unusual infinite order\nphase transition belonging to the Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) universality class.\nIntroduction of a nematic coupling into the XY Hamiltonian leads to an\nadditional phase transition in the Ising universality class [D.H. Lee and G.\nGrinstein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 541 (1985)]. Using a combination of extensive\nMonte Carlo simulations and finite size scaling, we show that the higher order\nharmonics lead to a qualitatively different phase diagram, with additional\nordered phases originating from the competition between the ferromagnetic and\npseudonematic couplings. The new phase transitions belong to the 2D Potts,\nIsing, or KT universality classes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized hydrodynamics with space-time inhomogeneous interactions: We provide a new hydrodynamic framework to describe out-of-equilibrium\nintegrable systems with space-time inhomogeneous interactions. Our result\nbuilds up on the recently-introduced Generalized Hydrodynamics (GHD). The\nmethod allows to analytically describe the dynamics during generic\nspace-time-dependent smooth modulations of the interactions. As a proof of\nconcept, we study experimentally-motivated interaction quenches in the trapped\ninteracting Bose gas, which cannot be treated with current analytical or\nnumerical methods. We also benchmark our results in the XXZ spin chain and in\nthe classical Sinh-Gordon model.",
        "positive": "SLD Fisher information for kinetic uncertainty relations: We investigate a symmetric logarithmic derivative (SLD) Fisher information\nfor kinetic uncertainty relations (KURs) of open quantum systems described by\nthe GKSL quantum master equation with and without the detailed balance\ncondition. In a quantum kinetic uncertainty relation derived by Vu and Saito\n[Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 140602 (2022)], the Fisher information of probability of\nquantum trajectory with a time-rescaling parameter plays an essential role.\nThis Fisher information is upper bounded by the SLD Fisher information. For a\nfinite time and arbitrary initial state, we derive a concise expression of the\nSLD Fisher information, which is a double time integral and can be calculated\nby solving coupled first-order differential equations. We also derive a simple\nlower bound of the Fisher information of quantum trajectory. We point out that\nthe SLD Fisher information also appears in the speed limit based on the\nMandelstam-Tamm relation by Hasegawa [Nat. Commun. 14, 2828 (2023)]. When the\njump operators connect eigenstates of the system Hamiltonian, we show that the\nBures angle in the interaction picture is upper bounded by the square root of\nthe dynamical activity at short times, which contrasts with the classical\ncounterpart."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Patchy sticky hard spheres: analytical study and Monte Carlo simulations: We consider a fluid of hard spheres bearing one or two uniform circular\nadhesive patches, distributed so as not to overlap. Two spheres interact via a\n``sticky'' Baxter potential if the line joining the centers of the two spheres\nintersects a patch on each sphere, and via a hard sphere potential otherwise.\nWe analyze the location of the fluid-fluid transition and of the percolation\nline as a function of the size of the patch (the fractional coverage of the\nsphere's surface) and of the number of patches within a virial expansion up to\nthird order and within the first two terms (C0 and C1) of a class of closures\nCn hinging on a density expansion of the direct correlation function. We find\nthat the locations of the two lines depend sensitively on both the total\nadhesive coverage and its distribution. The treatment is almost fully\nanalytical within the chosen approximate theory. We test our findings by means\nof specialized Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and find the main qualitative\nfeatures of the critical behaviour to be well captured in spite of the low\ndensity perturbative nature of the closure. The introduction of anisotropic\nattractions into a model suspension of spherical particles is a first step\ntowards a more realistic description of globular proteins in solution.",
        "positive": "Conformational transitions of polyelectrolytes in poor solvents: Starting with a model Hamiltonian, we study using the uniform expansion\nmethod conformational behavior of polyelectrolytes in the presence and absence\nof salt. The uniform expansion method yields all the important local length\nscales in the polyelectrolyte: the electrostatic blob size at large fraction of\ncharges, the thermal blob size at low fraction of charges and the sizes of\npearls (beads) and necklaces (strings) at intermediate fraction of charges. In\nthe presence of salt, the electrostatic blob size depends on the ionic strength\nand increases with the increase in the salt concentration. We determine the\nsalt concentration at which the pearl necklace intermediates dissolve and the\nnature of the transition changes from discontinuous to continuous. This\ncritical salt concentration corresponds to the length scale where the Debye\nscreening length is of the order of the necklace length."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical criticality and domain-wall coupling in long-range\n  Hamiltonians: Dynamical quantum phase transitions hold a deep connection to the underlying\nequilibrium physics of the quench Hamiltonian. In a recent study [J.~C.~Halimeh\n\\textit{et al.}, arXiv:1810.07187], it has been numerically demonstrated that\nthe appearance of anomalous cusps in the Loschmidt return rate coincides with\nthe presence of bound domain walls in the spectrum of the quench Hamiltonian.\nHere, we consider transverse-field Ising chains with power-law and\nexponentially decaying interactions, and show that by removing domain-wall\ncoupling via a truncated Jordan-Wigner transformation onto a Kitaev chain with\nlong-range hopping and pairing, anomalous dynamical criticality is no longer\npresent. This indicates that bound domain walls are necessary for anomalous\ncusps to appear in the Loschmidt return rate. We also calculate the dynamical\nphase diagram of the Kitaev chain with long-range hopping and pairing, which in\nthe case of power-law couplings is shown to exhibit rich dynamical criticality\nincluding a doubly critical dynamical phase.",
        "positive": "Evidence for additional third-order transitions in the two-dimensional\n  Ising model: We employ the microcanonical inflection-point analysis method, developed for\nthe systematic identification and classification of phase transitions in\nsystems of any size, to study the two-dimensional Ising model at various\nlattice sizes and in the thermodynamic limit. Exact results for the density of\nstates, which were obtained by exact algorithmic computation, provide evidence\nfor higher-order transitions in addition to the well-studied second-order\nferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition. An independent third-order phase\ntransition is identified in the ferromagnetic phase, whereas another\nthird-order transition resides in the paramagnetic phase. The latter is a\ndependent transition, i.e., it is inevitably associated with the critical\ntransition, but it remains separate from the critical point in the\nthermodynamic limit. For a deeper insight into the nature of these additional\ntransitions, a detailed analysis of spin clusters is performed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality classes of three-dimensional $mn$-vector model: We study the conditions under which the critical behavior of the\nthree-dimensional $mn$-vector model does not belong to the spherically\nsymmetrical universality class. In the calculations we rely on the\nfield-theoretical renormalization group approach in different regularization\nschemes adjusted by resummation and extended analysis of the series for\nrenormalization-group functions which are known for the model in high orders of\nperturbation theory. The phase diagram of the three-dimensional $mn$-vector\nmodel is built marking out domains in the $mn$-plane where the model belongs to\na given universality class.",
        "positive": "The non-reciprocal Ising model: Systems with non-reciprocal interactions generically display time-dependent\nstates. These are routinely observed in finite systems, from neuroscience to\nactive matter, in which globally ordered oscillations exist. However, the\nstability of these uniform non-reciprocal phases in noisy spatially-extended\nsystems, their fate in the thermodynamic limit, and the criticality of the\ncorresponding phase transitions are not fully understood. Here, we address\nthese questions by introducing a non-reciprocal generalization of the Ising\nmodel and study its critical behavior by means of numerical and analytical\napproaches. While the mean-field equations predict three stable homogeneous\nphases (disordered, ordered and a time-dependent swap phase), our large scale\nnumerical simulations reveal a more complex picture. Static order is destroyed\nin any finite dimension due to the growth of rare droplets. The swap phase is\ndestroyed by fluctuations in two dimensions through the proliferation of\ndiscrete spiral defects, but stabilized in three dimensions where\nnon-reciprocity changes the universality class from Ising to XY giving rise to\nrobust spatially-distributed clocks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynein-inspired multilane exclusion process with open boundary\n  conditions: Motivated by the sidewise motions of dynein motors shown in experiments, we\nuse a variant of the exclusion process to model the multistep dynamics of\ndyneins on a cylinder with open ends. Due to the varied step sizes of the\nparticles in a quasi-two-dimensional topology, we observe the emergence of a\nnovel phase diagram depending on the various load conditions. Under high-load\nconditions, our numerical findings yield results similar to the TASEP model\nwith the presence of all three standard TASEP phases, namely the low-density\n(LD), high-density (HD), and maximal-current (MC) phases. However, for medium-\nto low-load conditions, for all chosen influx and outflux rates, we only\nobserve the LD and HD phases, and the maximal-current phase disappears.\nFurther, we also measure the dynamics for a single dynein particle which is\nlogarithmically slower than a TASEP particle with a shorter waiting time. Our\nresults also confirm experimental observations of the dwell time distribution.\nThe dwell time distribution for dyneins is exponential in less crowded\nconditions, whereas a double exponential emerges under overcrowded conditions.",
        "positive": "Finite-dimensional signature of spinodal instability in an athermal\n  hysteretic transition: We study the off-equilibrium critical phenomena across a hysteretic\nfirst-order transition in disordered athermal systems. The study focuses on the\nzero temperature random field Ising model (ZTRFIM) above the critical disorder\nfor spatial dimensions $d=2,3,$ and $4$. We use Monte Carlo simulations to show\nthat disorder suppresses critical slowing down in phase ordering time for\nfinite-dimensional systems. The dynamic hysteresis scaling, the measure of\nexplicit finite-time scaling, is used to subsequently quantify the critical\nslowing down. The scaling exponents in all dimensions increase with disorder\nstrength and finally reach a stable value where the transformation is no longer\ncritical. The associated critical behavior in the mean-field limit is very\ndifferent, where the exponent values for various disorders in all dimensions\nare similar. The non-mean-field exponents asymptotically approach the\nmean-field value ($\\Upsilon \\approx 2/3$) with increase in dimensions. The\nresults suggest that the critical features in the hysteretic metastable phase\nare controlled by inherent mean-field spinodal instability that gets blurred by\ndisorder in low-dimension athermal systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport coefficients of a heated granular gas: The Navier-Stokes transport coefficients of a granular gas are obtained from\nthe Chapman-Enskog solution to the Boltzmann equation. The granular gas is\nheated by the action of an external driving force (thermostat) which does work\nto compensate for the collisional loss of energy. Two types of thermostats are\nconsidered: (a) a deterministic force proportional to the particle velocity\n(Gaussian thermostat), and (b) a random external force (stochastic thermostat).\nAs happens in the free cooling case, the transport coefficients are determined\nfrom linear integral equations which can be approximately solved by means of a\nSonine polynomial expansion. In the leading order, we get those coefficients as\nexplicit functions of the restitution coefficient $\\alpha$. The results are\ncompared with those obtained in the free cooling case, indicating that the\nabove thermostat forces do not play a neutral role in the transport. The\nkinetic theory results are also compared with those obtained from Monte Carlo\nsimulations of the Boltzmann equation for the shear viscosity. The comparison\nshows an excellent agreement between theory and simulation over a wide range of\nvalues of the restitution coefficient. Finally, the expressions of the\ntransport coefficients for a gas of inelastic hard spheres are extended to the\nrevised Enskog theory for a description at higher densities.",
        "positive": "Subdiffusive L\u00e9vy flights in quantum nonlinear Schr\u00f6dinger lattices\n  with algebraic power nonlinearity: We report a new result concerning the dynamics of an initially localized wave\npacket in quantum nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger lattices with a disordered potential.\nA class of nonlinear lattices with subquadratic power nonlinearity is\nconsidered. We show that there exists a parameter range for which an initially\nlocalized wave packet can spread along the lattice to unlimited distances, but\nthe phenomenon is purely quantum and is hindered in the corresponding classical\nlattices. The mechanism for this spreading assumes that the components of the\nwave field may form coupled states by tunneling under the topological barriers\ncaused by multiple discontinuities in the operator space. Then these coupled\nstates thought of as quasiparticle states can propagate to long distances on\nL\\'evy flights with a distribution of waiting times. The overall process is\nsubdiffusive and occurs as a competition between long-distance jumps of the\nquasiparticle states, on the one hand, and long-time trapping phenomena\nmediated by clustering of unstable modes in wave number space, on the other\nhand. The kinetic description of the transport, discussed in this work, is\nbased on fractional-derivative equations allowing for both non-Markovianity of\nthe spreading process as a result of attractive interaction among the unstable\nmodes and the effect of long-range correlations in wave number space tending to\nintroduce fast channels for the transport, the so-called stripes. We argue that\nthe notion of stripes is key to understand the topological constraints behind\nthe quantum spreading, and we involve the idea of stripy ordering to obtain\nself-consistently the parameters of the associated waiting-time and jump-length\ndistributions. Finally, we predict the asymptotic laws for quantum transport\nand show that the relevant parameter determining these laws is the exponent of\nthe power-law defining the type of the nonlinearity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of inelastically colliding spheres with Coulomb friction:\n  Relaxation of translational and rotational energy: We investigate the free cooling of inelastic rough spheres in the presence of\nCoulomb friction. Depending on the coefficients of normal restitution\n$\\epsilon$ and Coulomb friction $\\mu$, we find qualitatively different\nasymptotic states. For nearly complete normal restitution ($\\epsilon$ close to\n1) and large $\\mu$, friction does not change the cooling properties\nqualitatively compared to a constant coefficient of tangential restitution. In\nparticular, the asymptotic state is characterized by a constant ratio of\nrotational and translational energies, both decaying according to Haff's law.\nHowever, for small $\\epsilon$ and small $\\mu$, the dissipation of rotational\nenergy is suppressed, so that the asymptotic state is characterized by constant\nrotational energy while the translational energy continues to decay as\npredicted by Haff's law. Introducing either surface roughness for grazing\ncollisions or cohesion forces for collisions with vanishing normal load, causes\nthe rotational energy to decay according to Haff's law again in the asymptotic\nlong-time limit with, however, an intermediate regime of approximately constant\nrotational energy.",
        "positive": "Dynamically Induced Locking and Unlocking Transitions in Driven Layered\n  Systems with Quenched Disorder: Using numerical simulations, we examine a simple model of two or more coupled\none-dimensional channels of driven particles with repulsive interactions in the\npresence of quenched disorder. We find that this model exhibits a remarkably\nrich variety of dynamical behavior as a function of the strength of the\nquenched disorder, coupling between channels, and external drive. For weaker\ndisorder, the channels depin in a single step. For two channels we find\ndynamically induced decoupling transitions that result in coexisting pinned and\nmoving phases as well as moving decoupled phases where particles in both\nchannels move at different average velocities and slide past one another.\nDecoupling can also be induced by changing the relative strength of the\ndisorder in neighboring channels. At higher drives, we observe a dynamical\nrecoupling or locking transition into a state with no relative motion between\nthe channels.This recoupling produces unusual velocity-force signatures,\nincluding negative differential conductivity. The depinning threshold shows\ndistinct changes near the decoupling and coupling transitions and exhibits a\npeak effect phenomenon of the type that has been associated with transitions\nfrom elastic to plastic flow in other systems. We map several dynamic phase\ndiagrams showing the coupling-decoupling transitions and the regions in which\nhysteresis occurs. We also examine the coexistence regime for channels with\nunequal amounts of quenched disorder. For multiple channels, multiple coupling\nand decoupling transitions can occur; however, many of the general features\nfound for the two channel system are still present. Our results should be\nrelevant to depinning in layered geometries in systems such as vortices in\nlayered or nanostructured superconductors and Wigner or colloidal particles\nconfined in nano-channels; they are also relevant to the general understating\nof plastic flow."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Differential approximation for Kelvin-wave turbulence: I present a nonlinear differential equation model (DAM) for the spectrum of\nKelvin waves on a thin vortex filament. This model preserves the original\nscaling of the six-wave kinetic equation, its direct and inverse cascade\nsolutions, as well as the thermodynamic equilibrium spectra. Further, I extend\nDAM to include the effect of sound radiation by Kelvin waves. I show that,\nbecause of the phonon radiation, the turbulence spectrum ends at a maximum\nfrequency $\\omega^* \\sim (\\epsilon^3 c_s^{20} / \\kappa^{16})^{1/13}$ where\n$\\epsilon$ is the total energy injection rate, $c_s$ is the speed of sound and\n$\\kappa$ is the quantum of circulation.",
        "positive": "Machine learning vortices at the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition: Efficient and automated classification of phases from minimally processed\ndata is one goal of machine learning in condensed matter and statistical\nphysics. Supervised algorithms trained on raw samples of microstates can\nsuccessfully detect conventional phase transitions via learning a bulk feature\nsuch as an order parameter. In this paper, we investigate whether neural\nnetworks can learn to classify phases based on topological defects. We address\nthis question on the two-dimensional classical XY model which exhibits a\nKosterlitz-Thouless transition. We find significant feature engineering of the\nraw spin states is required to convincingly claim that features of the vortex\nconfigurations are responsible for learning the transition temperature. We\nfurther show a single-layer network does not correctly classify the phases of\nthe XY model, while a convolutional network easily performs classification by\nlearning the global magnetization. Finally, we design a deep network capable of\nlearning vortices without feature engineering. We demonstrate the detection of\nvortices does not necessarily result in the best classification accuracy,\nespecially for lattices of less than approximately 1000 spins. For larger\nsystems, it remains a difficult task to learn vortices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Survival probability in a quenched Majorana chain with an impurity: We investigate the dynamics of a one-dimensional $p$-wave superconductor with\nnext-nearest-neighbor hopping and superconducting interaction derived from a\nthree-spin interacting Ising model in transverse field by mapping to Majorana\nfermions. The next-nearest-neighbor hopping term leads a new topological phase\ncontaining two zero-energy Majorana modes at each end of an open chain,\ncompared to a nearest-neighbor $p$-wave superconducting chain. We study the\nMajorana survival probability (MSP) of a particular Majorana edge state when\nthe initial Hamiltonian ($H_i$) is changed to the quantum critical as well as\noff-critical final Hamiltonian ($H_f$) which additionally contains an impurity\nterm ($H_{imp}$) that breaks the time-reversal invariance. For the off-critical\nquenching inside the new topological phase with $H_f= H_i +H_{imp}$, and small\nimpurity strength ($\\lambda_d$), we observe a perfect oscillation of the MSP as\na function of time with a single frequency (determined by the impurity strength\n$\\lambda_d$) that can be analyzed from an equivalent two-level problem. On the\nother hand, the MSP shows a beating like structure with time for quenching to\nthe phase boundary separating the topological phase (with two edge Majoranas at\neach edge) and the non-topological phase where the additional frequency is\ngiven by inverse of the system size. We attribute this behavior of the MSP to\nthe modification of the energy levels of the final Hamiltonian due to the\napplication of the impurity term.",
        "positive": "Adiabatic quantum dynamics of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model: The adiabatic quantum evolution of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model\nacross its quantum critical point is studied. The dynamics is realized by\nlinearly switching the transverse field from an initial large value towards\nzero and considering different transition rates. We concentrate our attention\non the residual energy after the quench in order to estimate the level of\ndiabaticity of the evolution. We discuss a Landau-Zener approximation of the\nfinite size LMG model, that is successful in reproducing the behavior of the\nresidual energy as function of the transition rate in the most part of the\nregimes considered. We also support our description through the analysis of the\nentanglement entropy of the evolved state. The system proposed is a paradigm of\ninfinite-range interaction or high-dimensional models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards a fully automated computation of RG-functions for the 3-$d$ O(N)\n  vector model: Parametrizing amplitudes: Within the framework of field-theoretical description of second-order phase\ntransitions via the 3-dimensional O(N) vector model, accurate predictions for\ncritical exponents can be obtained from (resummation of) the perturbative\nseries of Renormalization-Group functions, which are in turn derived\n--following Parisi's approach-- from the expansions of appropriate field\ncorrelators evaluated at zero external momenta.\n  Such a technique was fully exploited 30 years ago in two seminal works of\nBaker, Nickel, Green and Meiron, which lead to the knowledge of the\n$\\beta$-function up to the 6-loop level; they succeeded in obtaining a precise\nnumerical evaluation of all needed Feynman amplitudes in momentum space by\nlowering the dimensionalities of each integration with a cleverly arranged set\nof computational simplifications. In fact, extending this computation is not\nstraightforward, due both to the factorial proliferation of relevant diagrams\nand the increasing dimensionality of their associated integrals; in any case,\nthis task can be reasonably carried on only in the framework of an automated\nenvironment.\n  On the road towards the creation of such an environment, we here show how a\nstrategy closely inspired by that of Nickel and coworkers can be stated in\nalgorithmic form, and successfully implemented on the computer. As an\napplication, we plot the minimized distributions of residual integrations for\nthe sets of diagrams needed to obtain RG-functions to the full 7-loop level;\nthey represent a good evaluation of the computational effort which will be\nrequired to improve the currently available estimates of critical exponents.",
        "positive": "A Brief Review of Continuous Models for Ionic Solutions: the\n  Poisson-Boltzmann and Related Theories: The Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) theory is one of the most important theoretical\nmodels describing charged systems continuously. However, it suffers from\nneglecting ion correlations, which hinders its applicability to more general\ncharged systems other than extremely dilute ones. Therefore, some modified\nversions of the PB theory are developed to effectively include ion\ncorrelations. Focused on their applications to ionic solutions, the original PB\ntheory and its variances, including the field-theoretic approach, the\ncorrelation-enhanced PB model, the Outhwaite-Bhuiyan modified PB theory and the\nmean field theories, are briefly reviewed in this paper with the diagnosis of\ntheir advantages and limitations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On \"Nanoscale thermodynamics needs the concept of a disjoining chemical\n  potential\", by W. Dong, Nat. Comm. 10, 1038 (2023): In a 2023 Nature Communication, Dong claims that a disjoining chemical\npotential should be used instead of \"Hill's nanothermodynamics\" because Hill's\nsubdivision potential \"remains elusive to relate...to any experimental\nobservables.\" Here, I remind readers of the 2000 Letter to Nature where Hill's\nideas were adapted to provide improved agreement with the non-classical\ncritical scaling measured in ferromagnetic materials, and where the term\n\"nanothermodynamics\" first appeared. I also suggest how adding\nnanothermodynamics can improve Dong's results for measurements on real systems.\nBecause Dong's claim comes from his failure to recognize the relevance of\nHill's work in the original Letter, and in dozens of other publications, I\npropose how the term nanothermodynamics might be clarified to avoid future\nconfusion.",
        "positive": "Explosive site percolation with a product rule: We study the site percolation under Achlioptas process (AP) with a product\nrule in a $2-dimensional$ (2D) square lattice. From the measurement of the\ncluster size distribution, $P_s$, we find that $P_s$ has a very robust\npower-law regime followed by a stable hump near the transition threshold. Based\non the careful analysis on the $P_s$ distribution, we show that the transition\nshould be discontinuous. The existence of the hysteresis loop in order\nparameter also verifies that the transition is discontinuous in 2D. Moreover we\nalso show that the transition nature from the product rule is not the same as\nthat from a sum rule in 2D."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tuning of heteronuclear interactions in a quantum-degenerate Fermi-Bose\n  mixture: We demonstrate tuning of interactions between fermionic 40K and bosonic 87Rb\natoms by Feshbach resonances and access the complete phase diagram of the\nharmonically trapped mixture from phase separation to collapse. On the\nattractive side of the resonance, we observe a strongly enhanced mean-field\nenergy of the condensate due to the mutual mean-field confinement, predicted by\na Thomas-Fermi model. As we increase heteronuclear interactions beyond a\nthreshold, we observe an induced collapse of the mixture. On the repulsive side\nof the resonance, we observe vertical phase separation of the mixture in the\npresence of the gravitational force, thus entering a completely unexplored part\nof the phase diagram of the mixture. In addition, we identify the 515 G\nresonance as p-wave by its characteristic doublet structure.",
        "positive": "Divergence and Consensus in Majority Rule: We investigate majority rule dynamics in a population with two classes of\npeople, each with two opinion states $\\pm 1$, and with tunable interactions\nbetween people in different classes. In an update, a randomly selected group\nadopts the majority opinion if all group members belong to the same class; if\nnot, majority rule is applied with probability $\\epsilon$. Consensus is\nachieved in a time that scales logarithmically with population size if\n$\\epsilon\\geq \\epsilon_c=\\frac{1}{9}$. For $\\epsilon <\\epsilon_c$, the\npopulation can get trapped in a polarized state, with one class preferring the\n$+1$ state and the other preferring $-1$. The time to escape this polarized\nstate and reach consensus scales exponentially with population size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Fiber Bundle Model of Traffic Jams: We apply the equal load-sharing fiber bundle model of fracture failure in\ncomposite materials to model the traffic failure in a system of parallel road\nnetwork in a city. For some special distributions of traffic handling\ncapacities (thresholds) of the roads, the critical behavior of the jamming\ntransition can be studied analytically. This has been compared with that for\nthe asymmetric simple exclusion process in a single channel or road.",
        "positive": "Splitting probabilities as optimal controllers of rare reactive events: The committor constitutes the primary quantity of interest within chemical\nkinetics as it is understood to encode the ideal reaction coordinate for a rare\nreactive event. We show the generative utility of the committor, in that it can\nbe used explicitly to produce a reactive trajectory ensemble that exhibits\nnumerically exact statistics as that of the original transition path ensemble.\nThis is done by relating a time-dependent analogue of the committor that solves\na generalized bridge problem, to the splitting probability that solves a\nboundary value problem under a bistable assumption. By invoking stochastic\noptimal control and spectral theory, we derive a general form for the optimal\ncontroller of a bridge process that connects two metastable states expressed in\nterms of the splitting probability. This formalism offers an alternative\nperspective into the role of the committor and its gradients, in that they\nencode forcefields that guarantee reactivity, generating trajectories that are\nstatistically identical to the way that a system would react autonomously."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Peculiarities of oscillator with nonlinear cordinate-dependent mass: A nonlinear model of the scalar field with a coupling between the field and\nits gradient is developed. It is shown, that such model is suitable for the\ndescription of phase transition accompanied by formation of spatial\ninhomogeneous distribution of the order parameter. The proposed model is\nanalogous the mechanical nonlinear oscillator with the coordinate-dependent\nmass or velocity-dependent elastic module. Besides, for some value of energy\nthe model under consideration possesses exact analytical solution. We assume\nthat this model can related to the spinodal decomposition, quark confinement,\nor cosmological scenario. All predictions can be verified experimentally.",
        "positive": "Supervised and unsupervised learning of directed percolation: Machine learning (ML) has been well applied to studying equilibrium phase\ntransition models, by accurately predicating critical thresholds and some\ncritical exponents. Difficulty will be raised, however, for integrating ML into\nnon-equilibrium phase transitions. The extra dimension in a given\nnon-equilibrium system, namely time, can greatly slow down the procedure\ntowards the steady state. In this paper we find that by using some simple\ntechniques of ML, non-steady state configurations of directed percolation (DP)\nsuffice to capture its essential critical behaviors in both (1+1) and (2+1)\ndimensions. With the supervised learning method, the framework of our binary\nclassification neural networks can identify the phase transition threshold, as\nwell as the spatial and temporal correlation exponents. The characteristic time\n$t_{c}$, specifying the transition from active phases to absorbing ones, is\nalso a major product of the learning. Moreover, we employ the convolutional\nautoencoder, an unsupervised learning technique, to extract dimensionality\nreduction representations and cluster configurations of (1+1) bond DP. It is\nquite appealing that such a method can yield a reasonable estimation of the\ncritical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hybrid Einstein-Langevin Approach for Microscopic formulation of Viscous\n  Drag: An Alternative to the Langevin Equation: We present a novel hybrid but thermodynamic approach to provide an\nalternative to the Langevin equation by using system-intrinsic (SI) microwork\ndone by the Brownian particle in the kth microstate (realization). The\ncorresponding SI-microforce is unique to the microstate and determines the\nmicroscopic equation of motion for it. Being a thermodynamic approach, the\nequipartition theorem is always satisfied and no additional stochastic Langevin\nforce is needed. We determine instantaneous and long-time averages of useful\nquantities and thus provide a new unified approach to the fluctuating motion\nfrom mesoscopic to macroscopic scales.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamically consistent dynamic boundary conditions of phase field\n  models: We present a general, constructive method to derive thermodynamically\nconsistent models and consistent dynamic boundary conditions hierarchically\nfollowing the generalized Onsager principle. The method consists of two steps\nin tandem: the dynamical equation is determined by the generalized Onsager\nprinciple in the bulk firstly, and then the surface chemical potential and the\nthermodynamically consistent boundary conditions are formulated subsequently by\napplying the generalized Onsager principle at the boundary. The application\nstrategy of the generalized Onsager principle in two-step yields\nthermodynamically consistent models together with the consistent boundary\nconditions that warrant a non-negative entropy production rate (or equivalently\nnon-positive energy dissipation rate in isothermal cases) in the bulk as well\nas at the boundary. We illustrate the method using phase field models of binary\nmaterials elaborate on two sets of thermodynamically consistent dynamic\nboundary conditions. These two types of boundary conditions differ in how the\nacross boundary mass flux participates in boundary surface dynamics. We then\nshow that many existing thermodynamically consistent, binary phase field models\ntogether with their dynamic or static boundary conditions are derivable from\nthis method. As an illustration, we show numerically how dynamic boundary\nconditions affect crystal growth in the bulk using a binary phase field model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian motion in time-dependent logarithmic potential: Exact results\n  for dynamics and first-passage properties: The paper addresses Brownian motion in the logarithmic potential with\ntime-dependent strength, $U(x,t) = g(t) \\log(x)$, subject to the absorbing\nboundary at the origin of coordinates. Such model can represent kinetics of\ndiffusion-controlled reactions of charged molecules or escape of Brownian\nparticles over a time-dependent entropic barrier at the end of a biological\npore. We present a simple asymptotic theory which yields the long-time behavior\nof both the survival probability (first-passage properties) and the moments of\nthe particle position (dynamics). The asymptotic survival probability, i.e.,\nthe probability that the particle will not hit the origin before a given time,\nis a functional of the potential strength. As such it exhibits a rather varied\nbehavior for different functions $g(t)$. The latter can be grouped into three\nclasses according to the regime of the asymptotic decay of the survival\nprobability. We distinguish 1. the regular (power-law decay), 2. the marginal\n(power law times a slow function of time), and 3. the regime of enhanced\nabsorption (decay faster than the power law, e.g., exponential). Results of the\nasymptotic theory show good agreement with numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "A comprehensive scenario of the thermodynamic anomalies of water using\n  the TIP4P/2005 model: The striking behavior of water has deserved it to be referred to as an\n\"anomalous\" liquid. The water anomalies are greatly amplified in metastable\n(supercooled/stretched) regions. This makes difficult a complete experimental\ndescription since, beyond certain limits, the metastable phase necessarily\ntransforms into the stable one. Theoretical interpretation of the water\nanomalies could then be based on simulation results of well validated water\nmodels. But the analysis of the simulations has not yet reached a consensus. In\nparticular, one of the most popular theoretical scenarios -involving the\nexistence of a liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP)- is disputed by several\nauthors. In this work we propose to use a number of exact thermodynamic\nrelations which can be tested in a region of the phase diagram outside the LLCP\nthus avoiding the problems associated to the coexistence region. The central\nproperty connected to other water anomalies is the locus of temperatures at\nwhich the density along isobars attain a maximum (TMD line) or a minimum (TmD),\ncomputed via simulations for a successful water model, TIP4P/2005. Next, we\nhave evaluated the vapor-liquid spinodal in the region of large negative\npressures. The shape of these curves and their connection to the extrema of\nresponse functions (isothermal compressibility and heat capacity at constant\npressure) may help to elucidate the validity of the theoretical proposals. In\nthis way we are able to present for the first time a comprehensive scenario of\nthe thermodynamic water anomalies for TIP4P/2005 and their relation to the\nvapor-liquid spinodal. The overall picture shows a remarkable similarity with\nthe corresponding one for the ST2 water model, for which the existence of a\nLLCP has been demonstrated in recent years. It also provides a hint as to where\nthe long-sought for extrema in response functions might become accessible to\nexperiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A bulk-boundary correspondence for dynamical phase transitions in\n  one-dimensional topological insulators and superconductors: We study the Loschmidt echo for quenches in open one-dimensional lattice\nmodels with symmetry protected topological phases. For quenches where dynamical\nquantum phase transitions do occur we find that cusps in the bulk return rate\nat critical times tc are associated with sudden changes in the boundary\ncontribution. For our main example, the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, we show\nthat these sudden changes are related to the periodical appearance of two\neigenvalues close to zero in the dynamical Loschmidt matrix. We demonstrate,\nfurthermore, that the structure of the Loschmidt spectrum is linked to the\nperiodic creation of long-range entanglement between the edges of the system.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation theorem for the renormalized entropy change in the strongly\n  nonlinear nonequilibrium regime: Generalizing a recent work [T. Taniguchi and E. G. D. Cohen, J. Stat. Phys.\n126, 1 (2006)] that was based on the Onsager-Machlup theory, a nonlinear\nrelaxation process is considered for a macroscopic thermodynamic quantity. It\nis found that the fluctuation theorem holds in the nonlinear nonequilibrium\nregime if the change of the entropy characterized by local equilibria is\nappropriately renormalized. The fluctuation theorem for the ordinary entropy\nchange is recovered in the linear near-equilibrium case. This result suggests a\npossibility that the the information-theoretic entropy of the Shannon form may\nbe modified in the strongly nonlinear nonequilibrium regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Lorentz invariant velocity distribution for a relativistic gas: We derive a Lorentz invariant distribution of velocities for a relativistic\ngas. Our derivation is based on three pillars: the special theory of\nrelativity, the central limit theorem and the Lobachevskyian structure of the\nvelocity space of the theory. The rapidity variable plays a crucial role in our\nresults. For $v^2/c^2 \\ll 1$ and $1/\\beta=kT/2 m_0 c^2 \\ll 1$ the distribution\ntends to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The mean $\\langle v^2 \\rangle$\nevaluated with the Lorentz invariant distribution is always smaller than the\nMaxwell-Boltzmann mean and is bounded by $\\langle v^2 \\rangle/c^2=1$. This\nimplies that for a given $\\langle v^2 \\rangle$ the temperature is larger than\nthe temperature estimated using the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. For\ntemperatures of the order of $T \\sim {10^{12}}~ K$ and $T \\sim {10^{8}}~ K$ the\ndifference is of the order of $10 \\%$, respectively for particles with the\nhydrogen and the electron rest masses.",
        "positive": "The role of dimensionality and geometry in quench-induced nonequilibrium\n  forces: We present an analytical formalism, supported by numerical simulations, for\nstudying forces that act on curved walls following temperature quenches of the\nsurrounding ideal Brownian fluid. We show that, for curved surfaces, the\npost-quench forces initially evolve rapidly to an extremal value, whereafter\nthey approach their steady state value algebraically in time. In contrast to\nthe previously-studied case of flat boundaries (lines or planes), the algebraic\ndecay for the curved geometries depends on the dimension of the system.\nSpecifically, the steady-state values of the force are approached in time as\n$t^{-d/2}$ in d-dimensional spherical (curved) geometries. For systems\nconsisting of concentric circles or spheres, the exponent does not change for\nthe force on the outer circle or sphere. However, the force exerted on the\ninner circle or sphere experiences an overshoot and, as a result, does not\nevolve towards the steady state in a simple algebraic manner. The extremal\nvalue of the force also depends on the dimension of the system, and originates\nfrom the curved boundaries and the fact that particles inside a sphere or\ncircle are locally more confined, and diffuse less freely than particles\noutside the circle or sphere."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A List Referring Monte Carlo Method for Lattice Glass Models: We present an effcient Monte-Carlo method for lattice glass models which are\ncharacterized by hard constraint conditions. The basic idea of the method is\nsimilar to that of the $N$-fold way method. By using a list of sites into which\nwe can insert a particle, we avoid trying a useless transition which is\nforbidden by the constraint conditions. We applied the present method to a\nlattice glass model proposed by Biroli and M{\\'e}zard. We first evaluated the\nefficiency of the method through measurements of the autocorrelation function\nof particle configurations. As a result, we found that the efficiency is much\nhigher than that of the standard Monte-Carlo method. We also compared the\nefficiency of the present method with that of the $N$-fold way method in\ndetail. We next examined how the efficiency of extended ensemble methods such\nas the replica exchange method and the Wang-Landau method is inflnuenced by the\nchoice of the local update method. The results show that the efficiency is\nconsiderably improved by the use of efficient local update methods. For\nexample, when the number of sites $N_{\\rm site}$ is 1024, the ergodic time\n$\\tau_{\\rm E}$ of the replica exchange method in the grand-canonical ensemble,\nwhich is the average round-trip time of a replica in chemical-potential space,\nwith the present local update method is more than $10^2$ times shorter than\nthat with the standard local update method. This result shows that the\nefficient local update method is quite important to make extended ensemble\nmethods more effective.",
        "positive": "Quasi-universal scaling in mouse-brain neuronal activity stems from\n  edge-of-instability critical dynamics: The brain is in a state of perpetual reverberant neural activity, even in the\nabsence of specific tasks or stimuli. Shedding light on the origin and\nfunctional significance of such a dynamical state is essential to understanding\nhow the brain transmits, processes, and stores information. An inspiring,\nalbeit controversial, conjecture proposes that some statistical characteristics\nof empirically observed neuronal activity can be understood by assuming that\nbrain networks operate in a dynamical regime near the edge of a phase\ntransition. Moreover, the resulting critical behavior, with its concomitant\nscale invariance, is assumed to carry crucial functional advantages. Here, we\npresent a data-driven analysis based on simultaneous high-throughput recordings\nof the activity of thousands of individual neurons in various regions of the\nmouse brain. To analyze these data, we synergistically combine cutting-edge\nmethods for the study of brain activity (such as a phenomenological\nrenormalization group approach and techniques that infer the general dynamical\nstate of a neural population), while designing complementary tools. This\nstrategy allows us to uncover strong signatures of scale invariance that is\n\"quasi-universal\" across brain regions and reveal that all these areas operate,\nto a greater or lesser extent, near the edge of instability. Furthermore, this\nframework allows us to distinguish between quasi-universal background activity\nand non-universal input-related activity. Taken together, this study provides\nstrong evidence that brain networks actually operate in a critical regime\nwhich, among other functional advantages, provides them with a scale-invariant\nsubstrate of activity covariances that can sustain optimal input\nrepresentations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Delocalization-localization dynamical phase transition of random walks\n  on graphs: We consider random walks evolving on two models of connected and undirected\ngraphs and study the exact large deviations of a local dynamical observable. We\nprove, in the thermodynamic limit, that this observable undergoes a first-order\ndynamical phase transition (DPT). This is interpreted as a `co-existence' of\npaths in the fluctuations that visit the highly connected bulk of the graph\n(delocalization) and paths that visit the boundary (localization). The methods\nwe used also allow us to characterize analytically the scaling function that\ndescribes the finite size crossover between the localized and delocalized\nregimes. Remarkably, we also show that the DPT is robust with respect to a\nchange in the graph topology, which only plays a role in the crossover regime.\nAll results support the view that a first-order DPT may also appear in random\nwalks on infinite-size random graphs.",
        "positive": "Anomalous low-frequency conductivity in easy-plane XXZ spin chains: In the easy-plane regime of XXZ spin chains, spin transport is ballistic,\nwith a Drude weight that has a discontinuous fractal dependence on the value of\nthe anisotropy $\\Delta = \\cos \\pi \\lambda$ at nonzero temperatures. We show\nthat this structure necessarily implies the divergence of the low-frequency\nconductivity for generic irrational values of $\\lambda$. Within the framework\nof generalized hydrodynamics, we show that in the high-temperature limit the\nlow-frequency conductivity at a generic anisotropy scales as $\\sigma(\\omega)\n\\sim 1/\\sqrt{\\omega}$; anomalous response occurs because quasiparticles undergo\nL\\'evy flights. For rational values of $\\lambda$, the divergence is cut off at\nlow frequencies and the corrections to ballistic spin transport are diffusive.\nWe also use our approach to recover that at the isotropic point $\\Delta=1$,\nspin transport is superdiffusive with $\\sigma(\\omega) \\sim \\omega^{-1/3}$. We\nsupport our results with extensive numerical studies using matrix-product\noperator methods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ensemble inequivalence in random graphs: We present a complete analytical solution of a system of Potts spins on a\nrandom k-regular graph in both the canonical and microcanonical ensembles,\nusing the Large Deviation Cavity Method (LDCM). The solution is shown to be\ncomposed of three different branches, resulting in an non-concave entropy\nfunction.The analytical solution is confirmed with numerical Metropolis and\nCreutz simulations and our results clearly demonstrate the presence of a region\nwith negative specific heat and, consequently, ensemble inequivalence between\nthe canonical and microcanonical ensembles.",
        "positive": "Topological extension of the isomorph theory based on the Shannon\n  entropy: Isomorph theory is one of the promising theories to understand the\nquasi-universal relationship between thermodynamic, dynamic and structural\ncharacteristics. Based on the hidden scale invariance of the inverse power law\npotentials, it rationalizes the excess entropy scaling law of dynamic\nproperties. This work aims to show that this basic idea of isomorph theory can\nbe extended by examining the microstructural features of the system. Using the\ntopological framework in conjunction with the entropy calculation algorithm, we\ndemonstrate that Voronoi entropy, a measure of the topological diversity of\nsingle atoms, provides a scaling law for the transport properties of\nsoft-sphere fluids, which is comparable to the frequently used excess entropy\nscaling. By examining the relationship between the Voronoi entropy and the\nsolid-like fraction of simple fluids, we suggest that the Frenkel line, a\nrigid-nonrigid crossover line, {be} a topological isomorphic line where the\nscaling relation qualitatively changes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Accelerated Jarzynski Estimator with Deterministic Virtual Trajectories: The Jarzynski estimator is a powerful tool that uses nonequilibrium\nstatistical physics to numerically obtain partition functions of probability\ndistributions. The estimator reconstructs partition functions with trajectories\nof the simulated Langevin dynamics through the Jarzynski equality. However, the\noriginal estimator suffers from slow convergence because it depends on rare\ntrajectories of stochastic dynamics. In this paper, we present a method to\nsignificantly accelerate the convergence by introducing deterministic virtual\ntrajectories generated in augmented state space under the Hamiltonian dynamics.\nWe theoretically show that our approach achieves second-order acceleration\ncompared to a naive estimator with the Langevin dynamics and zero variance\nestimation on harmonic potentials. We also present numerical experiments on\nthree multimodal distributions and a practical example where the proposed\nmethod outperforms the conventional method, and provide theoretical\nexplanations.",
        "positive": "Finding community structure in very large networks: The discovery and analysis of community structure in networks is a topic of\nconsiderable recent interest within the physics community, but most methods\nproposed so far are unsuitable for very large networks because of their\ncomputational cost. Here we present a hierarchical agglomeration algorithm for\ndetecting community structure which is faster than many competing algorithms:\nits running time on a network with n vertices and m edges is O(m d log n) where\nd is the depth of the dendrogram describing the community structure. Many\nreal-world networks are sparse and hierarchical, with m ~ n and d ~ log n, in\nwhich case our algorithm runs in essentially linear time, O(n log^2 n). As an\nexample of the application of this algorithm we use it to analyze a network of\nitems for sale on the web-site of a large online retailer, items in the network\nbeing linked if they are frequently purchased by the same buyer. The network\nhas more than 400,000 vertices and 2 million edges. We show that our algorithm\ncan extract meaningful communities from this network, revealing large-scale\npatterns present in the purchasing habits of customers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum accelerated approach to the thermal state of classical spin\n  systems with applications to pattern-retrieval in the Hopfield neural network: We explore the question as to whether quantum effects can yield a speedup of\nthe non-equilibrium evolution of spin systems towards a classical thermal\nstate. In our approach we exploit the fact that the thermal state of a spin\nsystem can be mapped onto a node-free quantum state whose coefficients are\ngiven by thermal weights. This perspective permits the construction of a\ndissipative -- yet quantum -- dynamics which encodes in its stationary state\nthe thermal state of the original problem. We show for the case of an\nall-to-all connected Ising spin model that an appropriate transformation of\nthis dissipative dynamics allows to interpolate between a regime in which the\norder parameter obeys the classical equations of motion under Glauber dynamics,\nto a quantum regime with an accelerated approach to stationarity. We show that\nthis effect enables in principle a speedup of pattern retrieval in a Hopfield\nneural network.",
        "positive": "Finite-size scaling of the magnetization probability density for the\n  critical Ising model in slab geometry: The magnetization probability density in d=2 and 3 dimensional Ising models\nin slab geometry of volume $L_{\\parallel}^{d-1} \\times L_{\\perp}$ is computed\nthrough Monte-Carlo simulation at the critical temperature and zero magnetic\nfield. The finite-size scaling of this distribution and its dependence on the\nsystem aspect-ratio $\\rho=\\frac{L_{\\perp}}{L_{\\parallel}}$ and boundary\nconditions is discussed. In the limiting case $\\rho \\to 0$ of a macroscopically\nlarge slab ($L_{\\parallel} \\gg L_{\\perp}$) the distribution is found to scale\nas a Gaussian function for all tested system sizes and boundary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation functions and queuing phenomena in growth processes with\n  drift: We suggest a novel stochastic discrete growth model which describes the\ndrifted Edward-Wilkinson (EW) equation $\\partial h /\\partial t = \\nu\n\\partial_x^2 h - v\\partial_x h +\\eta(x,t)$. From the stochastic model, the\nanomalous behavior of the drifted EW equation with a defect is analyzed. To\nphysically understand the anomalous behavior the height-height correlation\nfunctions $C(r)=< |h({x_0}+r)-h(x_0)|>$ and $G(r)=< |h({x_0}+r)-h(x_0)|^2>$ are\nalso investigated, where the defect is located at $x_0$. The height-height\ncorrelation functions follow the power law $C(r)\\sim r^{\\alpha'}$ and $G(r)\\sim\nr^{\\alpha''}$ with $\\alpha'=\\alpha''=1/4$ around a perfect defect at which no\ngrowth process is allowed. $\\alpha'=\\alpha''=1/4$ is the same as the anomalous\nroughness exponent $\\alpha=1/4$. For the weak defect at which the growth\nprocess is partially allowed, the normal EW behavior is recovered. We also\nsuggest a new type queuing process based on the asymmetry $C(r) \\neq C(-r)$ of\nthe correlation function around the perfect defect.",
        "positive": "Bi- and tetracritical phase diagrams in three dimensions: The critical behavior of many physical systems involves two competing\n$n^{}_1-$ and $n^{}_2-$component order-parameters, ${\\bf S}^{}_1$ and ${\\bf\nS}^{}_2$, respectively, with $n=n^{}_1+n^{}_2$. Varying an external control\nparameter $g$, %(e.g. uniaxial stress or magnetic field), one encounters\nordering of ${\\bf S}^{}_1$ below a critical (second-order) line for $g<0$ and\nof ${\\bf S}^{}_2$ below another critical line for $g>0$. These two ordered\nphases are separated by a first-order line, which meets the above critical\nlines at a bicritical point, or by an intermediate (mixed) phase, bounded by\ntwo critical lines, which meet the above critical lines at a tetracritical\npoint. For $n=1+2=3$, the critical behavior around the (bi- or tetra-)\nmulticritical point either belongs to the universality class of a\nnon-rotationally invariant (cubic or biconical) fixed point, or it has a\nfluctuation driven first-order transition. These asymptotic behaviors arise\nonly very close to the transitions. We present accurate renormalization-group\nflow trajectories yielding the effective crossover exponents near\nmulticriticality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vibrational ratchets: Transport in a one-dimensional symmetric device can be activated by the\ncombination of thermal noise and a bi-harmonic drive. For the study case of an\noverdamped Brownian particle diffusing on a periodic one-dimensional substrate,\nwe distinguish two apparently different bi-harmonic regimes: (i) Harmonic\nmixing, where the two drive frequencies are commensurate and of the order of\nsome intrinsic dynamical relaxation rate. A comparison of new simulation\nresults with earlier theoretical predictions shows that the analytical\nunderstanding of this frequency mixing mechanism is not satisfactory, yet; (ii)\nVibrational mixing, where one harmonic drive component is characterized by a\nhigh frequency but finite amplitude-to-frequency ratio. Its effect on the\ndevice response to either a static or a low-frequency additional input signal\nis accurately reproduced by rescaling each spatial Fourier component of the\nsubstrate potential, separately. Contrary to common wisdom based on the linear\nresponse theory, we show that extremely high-frequency modulations can indeed\ninfluence the response of slowly (or dc) operated devices, with potential\napplications in sensor technology and cellular physiology. Finally, the mixing\nof two high-frequency beating signal is also investigated both numerically and\nanalytically.",
        "positive": "Jump-Drift and Jump-Diffusion Processes : Large Deviations for the\n  density, the current and the jump-flow and for the excursions between jumps: For one-dimensional Jump-Drift and Jump-Diffusion processes converging\ntowards some steady state, the large deviations of a long dynamical trajectory\nare described from two perspectives. Firstly, the joint probability of the\nempirical time-averaged density, of the empirical time-averaged current and of\nthe empirical time-averaged jump-flow are studied via the large deviations at\nLevel 2.5. Secondly, the joint probability of the empirical jumps and of the\nempirical excursions between consecutive jumps are analyzed via the large\ndeviations at Level 2.5 for the alternate Markov chain that governs the series\nof all the jump events of a long trajectory. These two general frameworks are\nthen applied to three examples of positive jump-drift processes without\ndiffusion, and to two examples of jump-diffusion processes, in order to\nillustrate various simplifications that may occur in rate functions and in\ncontraction procedures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exactly solvable counting statistics in weakly coupled open interacting\n  spin systems: We study the full counting statistics for interacting quantum many-body spin\nsystems weakly coupled to the environment. In the leading order in the\nsystem-bath coupling we derive exact spin current statistics for a large class\nof parity symmetric spin-1/2 systems driven by a pair of Markovian baths with\nlocal coupling operators. Interestingly, in this class of systems the leading\norder current statistics are universal and do not depend on details of the\nHamiltonian. Furthermore, in the specific case of symmetrically boundary driven\nanisotropic Heisenberg ($XXZ$) spin 1/2 chain we derive explicitly the\nthird-order non-linear corrections to the current statistics.",
        "positive": "Universality class of epidemic percolation transitions driven by random\n  walks: Inspired by the recent viral epidemic outbreak and its consequent worldwide\npandemic, we devise a model to capture the dynamics and the universality of the\nspread of such infectious diseases. The transition from a pre-critical to the\npost-critical phase is modeled by a percolation problem driven by random walks\non a two-dimensional lattice with an extra average number $\\rho$ of nonlocal\nlinks per site. Using the finite-size scaling analysis, we find that the\neffective exponents of the percolation transitions as well as the corresponding\ntime thresholds, extrapolated to the infinite system size, are\n$\\rho$-dependent. We argue that the $\\rho$-dependence of our estimated\nexponents represents a crossover-type behavior caused by the finite-size\neffects between the two limiting regimes of the system. We also find that the\nuniversal scaling functions governing the critical behavior in every single\nrealization of the model can be well described by the theory of extreme values\nfor the maximum jumps in the order parameter and by the central limit theorem\nfor the transition threshold."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-Size Scaling for Quantum Criticality above the Upper Critical\n  Dimension: Superfluid-Mott-Insulator Transition in Three Dimensions: Validity of modified finite-size scaling above the upper critical dimension\nis demonstrated for the quantum phase transition whose dynamical critical\nexponent is $z=2$. We consider the $N$-component Bose-Hubbard model, which is\nexactly solvable and exhibits mean-field type critical phenomena in the\nlarge-$N$ limit. The modified finite-size scaling holds exactly in that limit.\nHowever, the usual procedure, taking the large system-size limit with fixed\ntemperature, does not lead to the expected (and correct) mean-field critical\nbehavior due to the limited range of applicability of the finite-size scaling\nform. By quantum Monte Carlo simulation, it is shown that the same holds in the\ncase of N=1.",
        "positive": "Crossovers in the Two Dimensional Ising Spin Glass with ferromagnetic\n  next-nearest-neighbor interactions: By means of extensive computer simulations we analyze in detail the two\ndimensional $\\pm J$ Ising spin glass with ferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor\ninteractions. We found a crossover from ferromagnetic to ``spin glass'' like\norder both from numerical simulations and analytical arguments. We also present\nevidences of a second crossover from the ``spin glass'' behavior to a\nparamagnetic phase for the largest volume studied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Long time asymptotics of the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process: We study the long time asymptotics of the relaxation dynamics of the totally\nasymmetric simple exclusion process on a ring. Evaluating the asymptotic\namplitudes of the local currents by the algebraic Bethe ansatz method, we find\nthe relaxation times starting from the step and alternating initial conditions\nare governed by different eigenvalues of the Markov matrix. In both cases, the\nscaling exponents of the leading asymptotic amplitudes with respect to the\ntotal number of sites are found to be -1. We also study the asymptotics of\ncorrelation functions such as the emptiness formation probability.",
        "positive": "Small-amplitude normal modes of a vortex in a trapped Bose-Einstein\n  condensate: We consider a cylindrically symmetric trap containing a small Bose-Einstein\ncondensate with a singly quantized vortex on the axis of symmetry. A\ntime-dependent variational Lagrangian analysis yields the small-amplitude\ndynamics of the vortex and the condensate, directly determining the equations\nof motion of the coupled normal modes. As found previously from the Bogoliubov\nequations, there are two rigid dipole modes and one anomalous mode with a\nnegative frequency when seen in the laboratory frame."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sine-Gordon theory for the equation of state of classical hard-core\n  Coulomb systems. II. High-temperature expansion: We perform a high-temperature expansion of the grand potential of the\nrestrictive primitive model of electrolytes in the frame of the extended\nsine-Gordon theory exposed in the companion paper. We recover a result already\nobtained by Stell an Lebowitz (J. Chem. Phys., 49, 3706 (1968)) by means of\ndiagrammatic expansions.",
        "positive": "The US 2000-2002 Market Descent: How Much Longer and Deeper?: A remarkable similarity in the behavior of the US S&P500 index from 1996 to\nAugust 2002 and of the Japanese Nikkei index from 1985 to 1992 (11 years shift)\nis presented, with particular emphasis on the structure of the bearish phases.\nExtending a previous analysis of Johansen and Sornette [1999, 2000] on the\nNikkei index ``anti-bubble'' based on a theory of cooperative herding and\nimitation working both in bullish as well as in bearish regimes, we demonstrate\nthe existence of a clear signature of herding in the decay of the S&P500 index\nsince August 2000 with high statistical significance, in the form of strong\nlog-periodic components. We offer a detailed analysis of what could be the\nfuture evolution of the S&P500 index over the next two years, according to\nthree versions of the theory: we expect an overall continuation of the bearish\nphase, punctuated by local rallies; we predict an overall increasing market\nuntil the end of the year 2002 or at the beginning of 2003 (first quarter); we\npredict a strong following descent (with maybe one or two severe up and downs\nin the middle) which stops during the first semester of 2004. After this strong\nminimum, the market is expected to recover. Beyond, our prediction horizon is\nmade fuzzy by the possible effect of additional nonlinear collective effects\nand of a real departure from the anti-bubble regime. The similarities between\nthe two stock market indices may reflect deeper similarities between the\nfundamentals of two economies which both went through over-valuation with\nstrong speculative phases preceding the transition to bearish phases\ncharacterized by a surprising number of bad surprises (bad loans for Japan and\naccounting frauds for the US) sapping investors' confidence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Three-dimensional lattice multiflavor scalar chromodynamics: interplay\n  between global and gauge symmetries: We study the nature of the finite-temperature transition of the\nthree-dimensional scalar chromodynamics with N_f flavors. These models are\nconstructed by considering maximally O(M)-symmetric multicomponent scalar\nmodels, whose symmetry is partially gauged to obtain SU(N_c) gauge theories,\nwith a residual nonabelian global symmetry given by U(N_f) for N_c>2 and\nSp(N_f) for N_c=2, so that M = 2 N_c N_f. We find that their finite-temperature\ntransition is continuous for N_f=2 and for all values of Nc we investigated,\nN_c=2,3,4. Such continuous transitions belong to universality classes related\nto the global symmetry group of the theory. For N_c=2 it belongs to the\nSO(5)=Sp(2)/Z_2 universality class, while for N_c>2 it belongs to the\nSO(3)=SU(2)/Z_2 universality class. For N_f>2, the transition is always of\nfirst order. These results match the predictions obtained by using the\neffective Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson approach in terms of a gauge-invariant order\nparameter. Our results indicate that the nonabelian gauge degrees of freedom\nare irrelevant at the transition. These conclusions are supported by an\nanalysis of gauge-field dependent correlation functions, that are always\nshort-ranged, even at the transition.",
        "positive": "Conditions for abrupt failure in the democratic fiber bundle model: We argue that the existence of abrupt failure in the democratic fiber bundle\nmodel is more general than concluded by da Silveira in his comment\n(cond-mat/9709327). We refute his claim that the nature of the rupture process\nin the DFBM depends on the ``disorder distribution only via its large failure\nstrength behavior''."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagram of the two-dimensional dipolar Heisenberg model with the\n  Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and the Ising anisotropy: We study phase transitions in the two-dimensional Heisenberg model with the\nDzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, the Ising anisotropy ($\\eta$), and the\ndipolar interaction under zero and finite magnetic fields ($H$). For three\ntypical strengths (zero, weak, and strong) of the dipolar interaction, we\npresent the $H$-$\\eta$ phase diagrams by estimating order parameters for\nskyrmion-lattice and helical phases and in-plane magnetization by using a Monte\nCarlo method with an $O(N)$ algorithm. We find in the phase diagrams three\ntypes of skyrmion-lattice phases, i.e., two square lattices and a triangular\nlattice, helical phases with diagonal and vertical (or horizontal) stripes,\ncanted ferromagnetic phase and polarized ferromagnetic phase. The effect of the\ndipolar interaction varies the types of the skyrmion and helical phases in a\ncomplex manner. The dipolar interaction also expands the regions of the ordered\nphases accompanying shifts of the phase boundaries to the positive $H$ and\n$\\eta$ directions, and causes increase of the density of skyrmions and\nshortening of the pitch length (stripe width) of helical structures. We discuss\nthe details of the features of the phase transitions.",
        "positive": "The center-of-mass response of confined systems: For confined systems of identical particles, either bosons or fermions, we\nargue that the parabolic nature of the confinement potential is a prerequisite\nfor the non-dissipative character of the center of mass response to a uniform\nprobe. For an excitation in a parabolic confining potential, the half width of\nthe density response function depends nevertheless quantitatively on properties\nof the internal degrees of freedom, as is illustrated here for an ideal\nconfined gas of identical particles with harmonic interparticle interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density Profiles of Strongly Interacting Trapped Fermi Gases: We study density profiles in trapped fermionic gases, near Feshbach\nresonances, at all $T \\leq T_c$ and in the near-BEC and unitary regimes. For\nthe latter, we quantify and characterize the generally neglected contribution\nfrom noncondensed Cooper pairs. As a consequence of these pairs, our profiles\nare rather well fit to a Thomas-Fermi (TF) functional form, and equally well\nfit to experimental data. Our work lends support to the notion that TF fits can\nbe used in an experimental context to obtain information about the temperature.",
        "positive": "Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality in the phase distributions of\n  one-dimensional exciton-polaritons: Exciton-polaritons under driven-dissipative conditions exhibit a condensation\ntransition which belongs to a different universality class than equilibrium\nBose-Einstein condensates. By numerically solving the generalized\nGross-Pitaevskii equation with realistic experimental parameters, we show that\none-dimensional exciton-polaritons display fine features of Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n(KPZ) dynamics. Beyond the scaling exponents, we show that their phase\ndistribution follows the Tracy-Widom form predicted for KPZ growing interfaces.\nWe moreover evidence a crossover to the stationary Baik-Rains statistics. We\nfinally show that these features are unaffected on a certain timescale by the\npresence of a smooth disorder often present in experimental setups."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local distributions of the 1D dilute Ising model: The local distributions of the one-dimensional dilute annealed Ising model\nwith charged impurities are studied. Explicit expressions are obtained for the\npair distribution functions and correlation lengths, and their low-temperature\nasymptotic behavior is explored depending on the concentration of impurities.\nFor a more detailed consideration of the ordering processes, we study local\ndistributions. Based on the Markov property of the dilute Ising chain, we\nobtain an explicit expression for the probability of any finite sequence and\nfind a geometric probability distribution for the lengths of sequences\nconsisting of repeating blocks. An analysis of distributions shows that the\ncritical behavior of the spin correlation length is defined by ferromagnetic or\nantiferromagnetic sequences, while the critical behavior of the impurity\ncorrelation length is defined by the sequences of impurities or by the\ncharge-ordered sequences. For the dilute Ising chain, there are no other\nrepeating sequences whose mean length diverges at zero temperature. While both\nthe spin correlation and the impurity correlation lengths can diverge only at\nzero temperature, the ordering processes result in a maximum of the specific\nheat at finite temperature defined by the maximum rate of change of the\nimpurity-spin pairs concentration. A simple approximate equation is found for\nthis temperature. We show that the non-ordered dilute Ising chains correspond\nto the regular Markov chains, while various orderings generate the irregular\nMarkov chains of different types.",
        "positive": "Non-perturbative renormalisation group for the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n  equation: general framework and first applications: We present an analytical method, rooted in the non-perturbative\nrenormalization group, that allows one to calculate the critical exponents and\nthe correlation and response functions of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) growth\nequation in all its different regimes, including the strong-coupling one. We\nanalyze the symmetries of the KPZ problem and derive an approximation scheme\nthat satisfies the linearly realized ones. We implement this scheme at the\nminimal order in the response field, and show that it yields a complete,\nqualitatively correct phase diagram in all dimensions, with reasonable values\nfor the critical exponents in physical dimensions. We also compute in one\ndimension the full (momentum and frequency dependent) correlation function, and\nthe associated universal scaling functions. We find an excellent quantitative\nagreement with the exact results from Praehofer and Spohn (J. Stat. Phys. 115\n(2004)). We emphasize that all these results, which can be systematically\nimproved, are obtained with sole input the bare action and its symmetries,\nwithout further assumptions on the existence of scaling or on the form of the\nscaling function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shocks and excitation dynamics in a driven diffusive two-channel system: We consider classical hard-core particles hopping stochastically on two\nparallel chains in the same or opposite directions with an inter- and\nintra-chain interaction. We discuss general questions concerning elementary\nexcitations in these systems, shocks and rarefaction waves. From microscopical\nconsiderations we derive the collective velocities and shock stability\nconditions. The findings are confirmed by comparison to Monte Carlo data of a\nmulti-parameter class of simple two-lane driven diffusion models, which have\nthe stationary state of a product form on a ring. Going to the hydrodynamic\nlimit, we point out the analogy of our results to the ones known in the theory\nof differential equations of conservation laws. We discuss the singularity\nproblem and find a dissipative term that selects the physical solution.",
        "positive": "Real-Space Renormalization Group Method Applied to Quantum Lattice\n  Hamiltonians: I review recent work and some new results, performed in collaboration with G.\nSierra, on the Real-Space Renormalization group method applied to quantum spin\nlattice systems mainly in spatial dimensions one and two, and to spin ladders\nwhich are somehow in between. The first part of these notes is devoted to\nnon-interacting systems in 1D and 2D and the role played by the correlations\nbetween blocks. The second part comprises interacting systems in 1D, spin\nladders and 2D using the standard BRG method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Hike in the Phases of the 1-in-3 Satisfiability: We summarise our results for the random $\\epsilon$--1-in-3 satisfiability\nproblem, where $\\epsilon$ is a probability of negation of the variable. We\nemploy both rigorous and heuristic methods to describe the SAT/UNSAT and\nHard/Easy transitions.",
        "positive": "Robustness of travelling states in generic non-reciprocal mixtures: Emergent non-reciprocal interactions violating Newton's third law are\nwidespread in out-of-equilibrium systems. It has been demonstrated recently\nthat phase separating mixtures with such non-reciprocal interactions between\ncomponents exhibit travelling states that have no equilibrium counterpart.\nUsing extensive Brownian dynamics simulations, we investigate the existence and\nstability of such travelling states in the collective dynamics of a generic\nnon-reciprocal particle system. By varying a broad range of parameters\nincluding aggregate state of the mixture components, diffusivity, degree of\nnon-reciprocity, effective spatial dimension and density, we determine that\nthese dynamic travelling states exist only in a relatively narrow region of\nparameter space. Our work also sheds light on the physical mechanisms for the\ndisappearance of travelling states when relevant parameters are being varied.\nOur results have implications for a range of non-equilibrium systems including\nnon-reciprocal phase separating mixtures, non-equilibrium pattern formation and\npredator-prey models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of the quantum search and quench-induced first-order phase\n  transitions: We investigate the excitation dynamics at a first-order quantum phase\ntransition (QPT). More specifically, we consider the quench-induced QPT in the\nquantum search algorithm, which aims at finding out a marked element in an\nunstructured list. We begin by deriving the exact dynamics of the model, which\nis shown to obey a Riccati differential equation. Then, we discuss the\nprobabilities of success by adopting either global or local adiabaticity\nstrategies. Moreover, we determine the disturbance of the quantum criticality\nas a function of the system size. In particular, we show that the critical\npoint exponentially converges to its thermodynamic limit even in a fast\nevolution regime, which is characterized by both entanglement QPT estimators\nand the Schmidt gap. The excitation pattern is manifested in terms of quantum\ndomains walls separated by kinks. The kink density is then shown to follow an\nexponential scaling as a function of the evolution speed, which can be\ninterpreted as a Kibble-Zurek mechanism for first-order QPTs.",
        "positive": "Non-negative Wigner-like distributions and Renyi-Wigner entropies of\n  arbitrary non-Gaussian quantum states: The thermal state of the\n  one-dimensional box problem: In this work, we consider the phase-space picture of quantum mechanics. We\nthen introduce non-negative Wigner-like (operational) distributions\n\\widetilde{\\mathcal W}_{rho;alpha}(x,p) corresponding to the density operator\n\\hat{rho} and being proportional to {W_{rho^(alpha/2)}(x,p)}^2, where\nW_{rho}(x,p) denotes the usual Wigner function. In doing so, we utilize the\nformal symmetry between the purity measure Tr(rho^2) and its Wigner\nrepresentation (2 pi hbar) \\int dx dp {W_{rho}(x,p)}^2 and then consider, as a\ngeneralization, such symmetry between the fractional moment\nTr(\\hat{rho}^{alpha}) and its Wigner representation (2 pi hbar) \\int dx dp\n{W_{rho^{alpha/2}}(x,p)}^2. Next, we create a framework that enables explicit\nevaluation of the Renyi-Wigner entropies for the classical-like distributions\n\\widetilde{\\mathcal W}_{rho;alpha}(x,p). Consequently, a better understanding\nof some non-Gaussian features of a given state rho will be given, by comparison\nwith the Gaussian state rho_G defined in terms of its Wigner function\nW_{rho_G}(x,p) and essentially determined by its purity measure T(rho_G)^2\nalone. To illustrate the validity of our framework, we evaluate the\ndistributions \\widetilde{\\mathcal W}_{beta;alpha}(x,p) corresponding to the\n(non-Gaussian) thermal state rho_{\\beta} of a single particle confined by a\none-dimensional infinite potential well with either the Dirichlet or Neumann\nboundary condition and then analyze the resulting Renyi entropies. Our\nphase-space approach will also contribute to a deeper understanding of\nnon-Gaussian states and their properties either in the semiclassical limit\n(hbar \\to 0) or in the high-temperature limit (beta \\to 0), as well as enabling\nus to systematically discuss the quantal-classical Second Law of Thermodynamics\non the single footing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagrams of a Spin-1 Ising Superlattice: The three-dimensional spin-1 Ising superlattice consisting of two different\nferromagnetic materials with two different crystal fields $\\Delta_1$ and\n$\\Delta_2$ is considered in the mean field approximation. The phase diagrams\nare considered in the (t,$d_2$) plane for different ranges of variation of\n$d_1$ (t=T/J, $d_1$/J and $d_2$/J are the reduced temperature and crystal\nfields respectively). The phase diagrams exhibit a variety of multicritical\npoints and reentrant and double reentrant behaviours. They are found to depend\nqualitatively and/or quantitatively on the thicknesses of the materials in a\nsupercell. This has direct consequences on the nature of the magnetic states of\nsuperlattices with different thicknesses.",
        "positive": "Kapitza thermal resistance in linear and nonlinear chain models:\n  isotopic defect: Kapitza resistance in the chain models with internal defects is considered.\nFor the case of the linear chain, the exact analytic solution for the boundary\nresistance is derived for arbitrary linear time-independent conservative\ninclusion or defect. A simple case of isolated isotopic defects is explored in\nmore detail. Contrary to the bulk conductivity in the linear chain, the Kapitza\nresistance is finite. However, the universal thermodynamic limit does not exist\nin this case. In other terms, the exact value of the resistance is not uniquely\ndefined and depends on the way of approaching the infinite lengths of the chain\nfragments. For this reason, and also due to the explicit dependence on the\nparameters of the thermostats, the resistance cannot be considered as a local\nproperty of the defect. Asymptotic scaling behavior of the heat flux in the\ncase of very heavy defect is explored and compared to the nonlinear\ncounterparts; similarities in the scaling behavior are revealed. For the\nlightweight isotopic defect in the linear chain, one encounters a typical dip\nof the temperature profile, related to weak excitation of the localized mode in\nthe attenuation zone. If the nonlinear interactions are included, this dip can\nstill appear at a relatively short time scale, with subsequent elimination due\nto the nonlinear interactions. This observation implies that even in the\nnonlinear chains, the linear dynamics can predict the main features of the\nshort-time evolution of the thermal profile if the temperature is low enough."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Polymer simulation by means of tree data-structures and a parsimonious\n  Metropolis algorithm: We show how a Monte Carlo method for generating self-avoiding walks on\nlattice geometries which employs a binary-tree data structure can be adapted\nfor hard-sphere polymers with continuous degrees of freedom. Data suggests that\nthe time per Monte Carlo move scales logarithmically with polymer size. We\ncombine the method with a variant of the Metropolis algorithm and preserve this\nscaling for Lennard-Jones polymers with untruncated monomer-monomer\ninteraction. We further show how the replica-exchange method can be adapted for\nthe same purpose.",
        "positive": "Grain Segregation Mechanism in Aeolian Sand Ripples: Many sedimentary rocks are formed by migration of sand ripples. Thin layers\nof coarse and fine sand are present in these rocks, and understanding how\nlayers in sandstone are created has been a longstanding question. Here, we\npropose a mechanism for the origin of the most common layered sedimentary\nstructures such as inverse graded climbing ripple lamination and\ncross-stratification patterns. The mechanism involves a competition between\nthree segregation processes: (i) size-segregation and (ii) shape-segregation\nduring transport and rolling, and (iii) size segregation due to different\nhopping lengths of the small and large grains. We develop a discrete model of\ngrain dynamics which incorporates the coupling between moving grains and the\nstatic sand surface, as well as the different properties of grains, such as\nsize and roughness, in order to test the plausibility of this physical\nmechanism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hidden zero-temperature bicritical point in the two-dimensional\n  anisotropic Heisenberg model: Monte Carlo simulations and proper finite-size\n  scaling: By considering the appropriate finite-size effect, we explain the connection\nbetween Monte Carlo simulations of two-dimensional anisotropic Heisenberg\nantiferromagnet in a field and the early renormalization group calculation for\nthe bicritical point in $2+\\epsilon$ dimensions. We found that the long length\nscale physics of the Monte Carlo simulations is indeed captured by the\nanisotropic nonlinear $\\sigma$ model. Our Monte Carlo data and analysis confirm\nthat the bicritical point in two dimensions is Heisenberg-like and occurs at\nT=0, therefore the uncertainty in the phase diagram of this model is removed.",
        "positive": "Ground-State Fidelity and Kosterlitz-Thouless Phase Transition for Spin\n  1/2 Heisenberg Chain with Next-to-the-Nearest-Neighbor Interaction: The Kosterlitz-Thouless transition for the spin 1/2 Heisenberg chain with the\nnext-to-the-nearest-neighbor interaction is investigated in the context of an\ninfinite matrix product state algorithm, which is a generalization of the\ninfinite time-evolving block decimation algorithm [G. Vidal, Phys. Rev. Lett.\n\\textbf{98}, 070201 (2007)] to accommodate both the\nnext-to-the-nearest-neighbor interaction and spontaneous dimerization. It is\nfound that, in the critical regime, the algorithm automatically leads to\ninfinite degenerate ground-state wave functions, due to the finiteness of the\ntruncation dimension. This results in \\textit{pseudo} symmetry spontaneous\nbreakdown, as reflected in a bifurcation in the ground-state fidelity per\nlattice site. In addition, this allows to introduce a pseudo-order parameter to\ncharacterize the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic Scaling in Epitaxial Growth: A review is provided of our current theoretical understanding of dynamic\nscaling in nonequilibrium interface growth as, for example, in MBE growth under\nultrahigh vacuum deposition conditions.",
        "positive": "Analytical solution of diffusion probability for a flat potential with a\n  gaussian sink: We give a very simple method for finding the exact analytical solution for\nthe problem of a particle undergoing diffusive motion on a flat potential in\nthe presence of a gaussian sink function. The diffusion process is modelled by\nusing one dimensional Smoluchowski equation. Our method provides solution in\nLaplace domain, which is used to derive an analytical expression for time\naverage rate constant. Our solution can be used to analyze several related\nproblems involving diffusion-reaction systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous diffusion in time-fluctuating non-stationary diffusivity\n  landscapes: We investigate the ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacements for\nparticle diffusion in a simple model for disordered media by assuming that the\nlocal diffusivity is both fluctuating in time and has a deterministic average\ngrowth or decay in time. In this study we compare computer simulations of the\nstochastic Langevin equation for this random diffusion process with analytical\nresults. We explore the regimes of normal Brownian motion as well as anomalous\ndiffusion in the sub- and superdiffusive regimes. We also consider effects of\nthe inertial term on the particle motion. The investigation of the resulting\ndiffusion is performed for unconfined and confined motion.",
        "positive": "Evidence of discrete scale invariance in DLA and time-to-failure by\n  canonical averaging: Discrete scale invariance, which corresponds to a partial breaking of the\nscaling symmetry, is reflected in the existence of a hierarchy of\ncharacteristic scales l0, c l0, c^2 l0,... where c is a preferred scaling ratio\nand l0 a microscopic cut-off. Signatures of discrete scale invariance have\nrecently been found in a variety of systems ranging from rupture, earthquakes,\nLaplacian growth phenomena, ``animals'' in percolation to financial market\ncrashes. We believe it to be a quite general, albeit subtle phenomenon. Indeed,\nthe practical problem in uncovering an underlying discrete scale invariance is\nthat standard ensemble averaging procedures destroy it as if it was pure noise.\nThis is due to the fact, that while c only depends on the underlying physics,\nl0 on the contrary is realisation-dependent. Here, we adapt and implement a\nnovel so-called ``canonical'' averaging scheme which re-sets the l0 of\ndifferent realizations to approximately the same value. The method is based on\nthe determination of a realization-dependent effective critical point obtained\nfrom, e.g., a maximum susceptibility criterion. We demonstrate the method on\ndiffusion limited aggregation and a model of rupture."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Properties of the solvation force of a two-dimensional Ising strip in\n  scaling regimes: We consider d=2 Ising strip with surface fields acting on boundary spins.\nUsing the properties of the transfer matrix spectrum we identify two\npseudotransition temperatures and show that they satisfy similar scaling\nrelations as expected for real transition temperatures in strips with d>2. The\nsolvation force between the boundaries of the strip is analysed as a function\nof temperature, surface fields and the width of the strip. For large widths the\nsolvation force can be described by scaling functions in three different\nregimes: in the vicinity of the critical wetting temperature of 2D\nsemi-infinite system, in the vicinity of the bulk critical temperature, and in\nthe regime of weak surface fields where the critical wetting temperature tends\ntowards the bulk critical temperature. The properties of the relevant scaling\nfunctions are discussed.",
        "positive": "Conservation laws in biology and evolution, their singularities and bans: Well known biological approximations are universal, i.e. invariant to\ntransformations from one species to another. With no other experimental data,\nsuch invariance yields exact conservation (with respect to biological diversity\nand evolutionary history) laws. The laws predict two alternative universal ways\nof evolution and physiology; their singularities and bans; a new kind of rapid\n(compared to lifespan), reversible, and accurate adaptation, which may be\ndirected. The laws agree with all experimental data, but challenge existing\ntheories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Minimal Work Principle and its Limits for Classical Systems: The minimal work principle asserts that work done on a thermally isolated\nequilibrium system, is minimal for the slowest (adiabatic) realization of a\ngiven process. This principle, one of the formulations of the second law, is\noperationally well-defined for any finite (few particle) Hamiltonian system.\nWithin classical Hamiltonian mechanics, we show that the principle is valid for\na system of which the observable of work is an ergodic function. For\nnon-ergodic systems the principle may or may not hold, depending on additional\nconditions. Examples displaying the limits of the principle are presented and\ntheir direct experimental realizations are discussed.",
        "positive": "Effect of Curvature and Confinement on the Casimir-Polder Interaction: Modifications of Casimir-Polder interactions due to confinement inside a\ncylindrical cavity and due to curvature in- and outside the cavity are studied.\nWe consider a perfectly conducting cylindrical shell with a single particle\n(atom or macroscopic sphere) located next to its interior or exterior surface,\nor two atoms placed inside the shell. By employing the scattering approach, we\nobtain the particle-cavity interaction and the modification of the two-particle\ninteraction due to the cavity. We consider both retardation and thermal\neffects. While for the atoms a dipole description is sufficient, for the\nmacroscopic sphere we sum (numerically) over many multipole fluctuations to\ncompute the interaction at short separations. In the latter limit we compare to\nthe proximity approximation and a gradient expansion and find agreement. Our\nresults indicate an confinement induced suppression of the force between atoms.\nGeneral criteria for suppression and enhancement of Casimir interactions due to\nconfinement are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the second fluctuation--dissipation theorem for nonequilibrium baths: Baths produce friction and random forcing on particles suspended in them. The\nrelation between noise and friction in (generalized) Langevin equations is\nusually referred to as the second fluctuation-dissipation theorem. We show what\nis the proper nonequilibrium extension, to be applied when the environment is\nitself active and driven. In particular we determine the effective Langevin\ndynamics of a probe from integrating out a steady nonequilibrium environment.\nThe friction kernel picks up a frenetic contribution, i.e., involving the\nenvironment's dynamical activity, responsible for the breaking of the standard\nEinstein relation.",
        "positive": "Contact values of the particle-particle and wall-particle correlation\n  functions in a hard-sphere polydisperse fluid: The contact values $g(\\sigma,\\sigma')$ of the radial distribution functions\nof a fluid of (additive) hard spheres with a given size distribution\n$f(\\sigma)$ are considered. A ``universality'' assumption is introduced,\naccording to which, at a given packing fraction $\\eta$,\n$g(\\sigma,\\sigma')=G(z(\\sigma,\\sigma'))$, where $G$ is a common function\nindependent of the number of components (either finite or infinite) and\n$z(\\sigma,\\sigma')=[2 \\sigma \\sigma'/(\\sigma+\\sigma')]\\mu_2/\\mu_3$ is a\ndimensionless parameter, $\\mu_n$ being the $n$-th moment of the diameter\ndistribution. A cubic form proposal for the $z$-dependence of $G$ is made and\nknown exact consistency conditions for the point particle and equal size\nlimits, as well as between two different routes to compute the pressure of the\nsystem in the presence of a hard wall, are used to express $G(z)$ in terms of\nthe radial distribution at contact of the one-component system. For\npolydisperse systems we compare the contact values of the wall-particle\ncorrelation function and the compressibility factor with those obtained from\nrecent Monte Carlo simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Integrability and scattering of the boson field theory on a lattice: A free boson on a lattice is the simplest field theory one can think of. Its\npartition function can be easily computed in momentum space. However, this\nstraightforward solution hides its integrability properties. Here, we use the\nmethods of exactly solvable models, that are currently applied to spin systems,\nto a massless and massive free boson on a 2D lattice. The Boltzmann weights of\nthe model are shown to satisfy the Yang-Baxter equation with a uniformization\ngiven by trigonometric functions in the massless case, and Jacobi elliptic\nfunctions in the massive case. We diagonalize the row-to-row transfer matrix,\nderive the conserved quantities, and implement the quantum inverse scattering\nmethod. Finally, we construct two factorized scattering $S$ matrix models for\ncontinuous degrees of freedom using trigonometric and elliptic functions. These\nresults place the free boson model in 2D in the same position as the rest of\nthe models that are exactly solvable \\`a la Yang-Baxter, offering possible\napplications in quantum computation.",
        "positive": "Out of equilibrium stationary states, percolation, and sub-critical\n  instabilities in a fully non conservative system: The exploration of the phase diagram of a minimal model for barchan fields\nleads to the description of three distinct phases for the system: stationary,\npercolable and unstable. In the stationary phase the system always reaches an\nout of equilibrium, fluctuating, stationary state, independent of its initial\nconditions. This state has a large and continuous range of dynamics, from\ndilute -- where dunes do not interact -- to dense, where the system exhibits\nboth spatial structuring and collective behavior leading to the selection of a\nparticular size for the dunes. In the percolable phase, the system presents a\npercolation threshold when the initial density increases. This percolation is\nunusual, as it happens on a continuous space for moving, interacting, finite\nlifetime dunes. For extreme parameters, the system exhibits a sub-critical\ninstability, where some of the dunes in the field grow without bound. We\ndiscuss the nature of the asymptotic states and their relations to well-known\nmodels of statistical physics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Survival of an evasive prey: We study the survival of a prey that is hunted by N predators. The predators\nperform independent random walks on a square lattice with V sites and start a\ndirect chase whenever the prey appears within their sighting range. The prey is\ncaught when a predator jumps to the site occupied by the prey. We analyze the\nefficacy of a lazy, minimal-effort evasion strategy according to which the prey\ntries to avoid encounters with the predators by making a hop only when any of\nthe predators appears within its sighting range; otherwise the prey stays\nstill. We show that if the sighting range of such a lazy prey is equal to 1\nlattice spacing, at least 3 predators are needed in order to catch the prey on\na square lattice. In this situation, we establish a simple asymptotic relation\nln(Pev)(t) \\sim (N/V)2ln(Pimm(t)) between the survival probabilities of an\nevasive and an immobile prey. Hence, when the density of the predators is low\nN/V<<1, the lazy evasion strategy leads to the spectacular increase of the\nsurvival probability. We also argue that a short-sighting prey (its sighting\nrange is smaller than the sighting range of the predators) undergoes an\neffective superdiffusive motion, as a result of its encounters with the\npredators, whereas a far-sighting prey performs a diffusive-type motion.",
        "positive": "Quantitative analysis of phase transitions in two-dimensional XY models\n  using persistent homology: We use persistent homology and persistence images as an observable of three\ndifferent variants of the two-dimensional XY model in order to identify and\nstudy their phase transitions. We examine models with the classical XY action,\na topological lattice action, and an action with an additional nematic term. In\nparticular, we introduce a new way of computing the persistent homology of\nlattice spin model configurations and, by considering the fluctuations in the\noutput of logistic regression and k-nearest neighbours models trained on\npersistence images, we develop a methodology to extract estimates of the\ncritical temperature and the critical exponent of the correlation length. We\nput particular emphasis on finite-size scaling behaviour and producing\nestimates with quantifiable error. For each model we successfully identify its\nphase transition(s) and are able to get an accurate determination of the\ncritical temperatures and critical exponents of the correlation length."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Restricted Boltzmann Machines for the Long Range Ising Models: We set up Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) to reproduce the Long Range\nIsing (LRI) models of the Ohmic type in one dimension. The RBM parameters are\ntuned by using the standard machine learning procedure with an additional\nmethod of Configuration with Probability (CwP). The quality of resultant RBM\nare evaluated through the susceptibility with respect to the magnetic external\nfield. We compare the results with those by Block Decimation Renormalization\nGroup (BDRG) method, and our RBM clear the test with satisfactory precision.",
        "positive": "Phonon soft modes and para- to ferroelectric phase transitions: In this special issue of Physica A in memory of Professor Dietrich Stauffer,\nI first recall my impression on him while being his postdoc for a year at HLRZ.\nIn the following scientific part, I discuss the theory of soft phonons with\nquartic nonlinear interactions. This is applied to the cubic crystal BaTiO$_3$\nfor phase transition from para- to ferroelectric phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time-scale invariance of relaxation processes of density fluctuation in\n  slow neutron scattering in liquid cesium: The realization of idea of time-scale invariance for relaxation processes in\nliquids has been performed by the memory functions formalism. The best\nagreement with experimental data for the dynamic structure factor $S(k,\\omega)$\nof liquid cesium near melting point in the range of wave vectors ($0.4\n\\ang^{-1} \\leq k \\leq 2.55 \\ang^{-1}$) is found with the assumption of\nconcurrence of relaxation scales for memory functions of third and fourth\norders. Spatial dispersion of the four first points in spectrum of statistical\nparameter of non-Markovity $ \\epsilon_{i}(k,\\omega)$ at $i=1,2,3,4$ has allowed\nto reveal the non-Markov nature of collective excitations in liquid cesium,\nconnected with long-range memory effect.",
        "positive": "Where are the roots of the Bethe Ansatz equations?: Changing the variables in the Bethe Ansatz Equations (BAE) for the XXZ\nsix-vertex model we had obtained a coupled system of polynomial equations. This\nprovided a direct link between the BAE deduced from the Algebraic Bethe Ansatz\n(ABA) and the BAE arising from the Coordinate Bethe Ansatz (CBA). For two\nmagnon states this polynomial system could be decoupled and the solutions given\nin terms of the roots of some self-inversive polynomials. From theorems\nconcerning the distribution of the roots of self-inversive polynomials we made\na thorough analysis of the two magnon states, which allowed us to find the\nlocation and multiplicity of the Bethe roots in the complex plane, to discuss\nthe completeness and singularities of Bethe's equations, the ill-founded\nstring-hypothesis concerning the location of their roots, as well as to find an\ninteresting connection between the BAE with Salem's polynomials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superstatistics in random matrix theory: Using the superstatistics method, we propose an extension of the random\nmatrix theory to cover systems with mixed regular-chaotic dynamics. Unlike most\nof the other works in this direction, the ensembles of the proposed approach\nare basis invariant but the matrix elements are not statistically independent.\nSpectral characteristics of the mixed systems are expressed by averaging the\ncorresponding quantities in the standard random-matrix theory over the\nfluctuations of the inverse variance of the matrix elements. We obtain\nanalytical expressions for the level density and the nearest-neighbor-spacing\ndistributions for four different inverse-variance distributions. The resulting\nexpressions agree with each others for small departures from chaos, measured by\nan effective non-extensivity parameter. Our results suggest, among other\nthings, that superstatistics is suited only for the initial stage of transition\nfrom chaos to regularity.",
        "positive": "Ising pyrochlore magnets: Low temperature properties, ice rules and\n  beyond: Pyrochlore magnets are candidates for spin-ice behavior. We present\ntheoretical simulations of relevance for the pyrochlore family R2Ti2O7 (R= rare\nearth) supported by magnetothermal measurements on selected systems. By\nconsidering long ranged dipole-dipole as well as short-ranged superexchange\ninteractions we get three distinct behaviours: (i) an ordered doubly degenerate\nstate, (ii) a highly disordered state with a broad transition to paramagnetism,\n(iii) a partially ordered state with a sharp transition to paramagnetism. Thus\nthese competing interactions can induce behaviour very different from\nconventional ``spin ice''. Closely corresponding behaviour is seen in the real\ncompounds---in particular Ho2Ti2O7 corresponds to case (iii) which has not been\ndiscussed before, rather than (ii) as suggested earlier."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the unattainability of absolute zero temperature and the Nernst heat\n  theorem: It is sometimes argued that the unattainability of zero temperature is a\nconsequence of the second law of thermodynamics. Historically, the independence\nof the unattainability of zero temperature from the second law was proven more\nthan 80 years ago, yet this assertion was repeated in the literature. This\nassertion naturally leads to a doubt that the unattainability of zero\ntemperature is not equivalent to the Nernst heat theorem. The apparent\ncontradiction between the Nernst heat theorem and residual entropy further\ncomplicates the problems of the third law. Totally, the validity of the third\nlaw seems to lose, giving an impression of somewhat ambiguous hypothesis to it.\nThe author has recently settled the apparent contradiction between residual\nentropy and the Nernst heat theorem by refining the statement of the third law.\nBased on this refinement, two controversial problems, the independence of the\nunattainability of zero temperature from the second law and the equivalence of\nthe unattainability with the Nernst heat theorem, have been solved.",
        "positive": "Global Optimization of Minority Game by Smart Agents: We propose a new model of minority game with so-called smart agents such that\nthe standard deviation and the total loss in this model reach the theoretical\nminimum values in the limit of long time. The smart agents use trail and error\nmethod to make a choice but bring global optimization to the system, which\nsuggests that the economic systems may have the ability to self-organize into a\nhighly optimized state by agents who are forced to make decisions based on\ninductive thinking for their limited knowledge and capabilities. When other\nkinds of agents are also present, the experimental results and analyses show\nthat the smart agent can gain profits from producers and are much more\ncompetent than the noise traders and conventional agents in original minority\ngame."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "When are active Brownian particles and run-and-tumble particles\n  equivalent? Consequences for motility-induced phase separation: Active Brownian particles (ABPs, such as self-phoretic colloids) swim at\nfixed speed $v$ along a body-axis ${\\bf u}$ that rotates by slow angular\ndiffusion. Run-and-tumble particles (RTPs, such as motile bacteria) swim with\nconstant $\\u$ until a random tumble event suddenly decorrelates the\norientation. We show that when the motility parameters depend on density $\\rho$\nbut not on ${\\bf u}$, the coarse-grained fluctuating hydrodynamics of\ninteracting ABPs and RTPs can be mapped onto each other and are thus strictly\nequivalent. In both cases, a steeply enough decreasing $v(\\rho)$ causes phase\nseparation in dimensions $d=2,3$, even when no attractive forces act between\nthe particles. This points to a generic role for motility-induced phase\nseparation in active matter. However, we show that the ABP/RTP equivalence does\nnot automatically extend to the more general case of $\\u$-dependent motilities.",
        "positive": "Generalized Migdal-Kadanoff Bond-moving Renormalization Recursion\n  Procedure I: Symmetrical Half-length Bond Operation on Translational\n  Invariant Lattices: We report in a series of papers two types of generalized Migdal-Kadanoff\nbond-moving renormalization group transformation recursion procedures. In this\nfirst part the symmetrical operation of half length bonds on translational\ninvariant lattices are considered. As an illustration of their predominance in\napplication, the procedures are used to study the critical behavior of the\nspin-continuous Gaussian model constructed on the triangular lattices. Results\nsuch as the correlation length critical exponents obtained by this means are\nfound to be in good conformity with the classical results from other studies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Power-law singularities and critical exponents in n-vector models: Power-law singularities and critical exponents in n-vector models are\nconsidered from different theoretical points of view. It includes a theoretical\napproach called the GFD (grouping of Feynman diagrams) theory, as well as the\nperturbative renormalization group (RG) treatment. A non-perturbative proof\nconcerning corrections to scaling in the two-point correlation function of the\nphi^4 model is provided, showing that predictions of the GFD theory rather than\nthose of the perturbative RG theory can be correct. Critical exponents\ndetermined from highly accurate experimental data very close to the\nlambda-transition point in liquid helium, as well as the Goldstone mode\nsingularities in n-vector spin models, evaluated from Monte Carlo simulation\nresults, are discussed with an aim to test the theoretical predictions. Our\nanalysis shows that in both cases the data can be well interpreted within the\nGFD theory.",
        "positive": "Exactly solvable su(N) mixed spin ladders: It is shown that solvable mixed spin ladder models can be constructed from\nsu(N) permutators. Heisenberg rung interactions appear as chemical potential\nterms in the Bethe Ansatz solution. Explicit examples given are a mixed\nspin-1/2 spin-1 ladder, a mixed spin-1/2 spin-3/2 ladder and a spin-1 ladder\nwith biquadratic interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-linear susceptibility in glassy systems: a probe for cooperative\n  dynamical length scales: We argue that for generic systems close to a critical point, an extended\nFluctuation-Dissipation relation connects the low frequency non-linear (cubic)\nsusceptibility to the four-point correlation function. In glassy systems, the\nlatter contains interesting information on the heterogeneity and cooperativity\nof the dynamics. Our result suggests that if the abrupt slowing down of glassy\nmaterials is indeed accompanied by the growth of a cooperative length ell, then\nthe non-linear, 3 omega response to an oscillating field should substantially\nincrease and give direct information on the temperature (or density) dependence\nof ell. The analysis of the non-linear compressibility or the dielectric\nsusceptibility in supercooled liquids, or the non-linear magnetic\nsusceptibility in spin-glasses, should give access to a cooperative length\nscale, that grows as the temperature is decreased or as the age of the system\nincreases. Our theoretical analysis holds exactly within the Mode-Coupling\nTheory of glasses.",
        "positive": "Financial Market Dynamics: Distributions derived from non-extensive Tsallis statistics are closely\nconnected with dynamics described by a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation. The\ncombination shows promise in describing stochastic processes with power-law\ndistributions and superdiffusive dynamics. We investigate intra-day price\nchanges in the S&P500 stock index within this framework by direct analysis and\nby simulation. We find that the power-law tails of the distributions, and the\nindex's anomalously diffusing dynamics, are very accurately described by this\napproach. Our results show good agreement between market data, Fokker-Planck\ndynamics, and simulation. Thus the combination of the Tsallis non-extensive\nentropy and the nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation unites in a very natural way\nthe power-law tails of the distributions and their superdiffusive dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work Relations Connecting Nonequilibrium Steady States Without Detailed\n  Balance: Bridging equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistical physics attracts\nsustained interest. Hallmarks of nonequilibrium systems include a breakdown of\ndetailed balance, and an absence of a priori potential function corresponding\nto the Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution, without which classical equilibrium\nthermodynamical quantities could not be defined. Here, we construct dynamically\nthe potential function through decomposing the system into a dissipative part\nand a conservative part, and develop a nonequilibrium theory by defining\nthermodynamical quantities based on the potential function. Concepts for\nequilibrium can thus be naturally extended to nonequilibrium steady state. We\nelucidate this procedure explicitly in a class of time-dependent linear\ndiffusive systems without mathematical ambiguity. We further obtain the exact\nwork distribution for an arbitrary control parameter, and work equalities\nconnecting nonequilibrium steady states. Our results provide a direct\ngeneralization on Jarzynski equality and Crooks fluctuation theorem to systems\nwithout detailed balance.",
        "positive": "Deformation of a self-propelled domain in an excitable\n  reaction-diffusion system: We formulate the theory for a self-propelled domain in an excitable\nreaction-diffusion system in two dimensions where the domain deforms from a\ncircular shape when the propagation velocity is increased. In the singular\nlimit where the width of the domain boundary is infinitesimally thin, we derive\na set of equations of motion for the center of gravity and two fundamental\ndeformation modes. The deformed shapes of a steadily propagating domain are\nobtained. The set of time-evolution equations exhibits a bifurcation from a\nstraight motion to a circular motion by changing the system parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement Production under Collective Radiation: The relation is studied between the entanglement production and collective\nradiation by an ensemble of atoms. Entanglement production is quantified by\nmeans of a general measure introduced earlier by the author. Primary emphasis\nis placed on the entanglement generated by pseudospin density matrices. The\nproblem of collective atomic radiation can be described by the pseudospin\nevolution equations. These equations define the evolutional entanglement\ngenerated by the related density matrices. Under conditions of superradiant\nemission, the entanglement production exhibits sharp peaks at the delay time,\nwhere the intensity of radiation is maximal. The possibility of regulating the\noccurrence of such peaks by punctuated superradiance is discussed, which\nsuggests the feasibility of {\\it punctuated entanglement production}.",
        "positive": "The Polya Urn: Limit Theorems, Polya Divergence, Maximum Entropy and\n  Maximum Probability: Sanov's Theorem and the Conditional Limit Theorem (CoLT) are established for\na multicolor Polya Eggenberger urn sampling scheme, giving the Polya divergence\nand the Polya extension to the Maximum Relative Entropy (MaxEnt) method. Polya\nMaxEnt includes the standard MaxEnt as a special case. The universality of\nstandard MaxEnt - advocated by an axiomatic approach to inference for inverse\nproblems - is challenged, in favor of a probabilistic approach based on CoLT\nand the Maximum Probability principle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "New probability distributions in astrophysics: IV. The relativistic\n  Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution: Two relativistic distributions which generalizes the Maxwell Boltzman (MB)\ndistribution are analyzed: the relativistic MB and the Maxwell-J{\\\"u}ttner (MJ)\ndistribution. For the two distributions we derived in terms of special\nfunctions the constant of normalization, the average value, the second moment\nabout the origin, the variance, the mode, the asymptotic behavior, approximate\nexpressions for the average value as function of the temperature and the\nconnected inverted expressions for the temperature as function of the average\nvalue. Two astrophysical applications to the synchrotron emission in presence\nof the magnetic field and the relativistic electrons are presented.",
        "positive": "Roughening transition driven by a binary spreading process: We introduce a solid-on-solid growth process which evolves by random\ndeposition of dimers, surface diffusion, and evaporation of monomers from the\nedges of plateaus. It is shown that the model exhibits a robust transition from\na smooth to a rough phase. The roughening transition is driven by an absorbing\nphase transition at the bottom layer of the interface, which displays the same\ntype of critical behavior as the pair contact process with diffusion 2A->3A,\n2A->0."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium phase transitions and finite size scaling in weighted\n  scale-free networks: We consider nonequilibrium phase transitions in weighted scale-free networks,\nin which highly connected nodes, which are created earlier in time are\npartially immunized. For epidemic spreading we solve the dynamical mean-field\nequations and discuss finite-size scaling theory. The theoretical predictions\nare confronted with the results of large scale Monte Carlo simulations on the\nweighted Barab\\'asi-Albert network. Local scaling exponents are found different\nat a typical site and at a node with very large connectivity.",
        "positive": "Optimising Principle for Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions and Pattern\n  Formation with Results for Heat Convection: Spontaneous transitions between non-equilibrium patterns are characterised by\nhydrodynamic calculations of ideal straight roll steady state heat convection.\nThe calculations are tested quantitatively against existing experimental data.\nIt is shown that at a given Rayleigh number the final wave number depends upon\nwhether the initial state was the conducting state, or, in the case of the\ncross roll transition, the wave number of the initial straight roll state. The\nfinal wave number does not correspond to the maximum or to the minimum heat\nflux (entropy production or dissipation), nor to the maximum sub-system\nentropy. In all cases the entropy of the total system increases monotonically\nduring the spontaneous transition. It is concluded that there does not exist\nany single time thermodynamic property or variational principle for\nnon-equilibrium systems. It is further concluded that the second entropy is the\ntwo time variational principle that determines the optimum non-equilibrium\nstate or pattern."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-Organized Criticality of Domain Walls and Magnetization Curve: We propose a kind of Ginzburg--Landau equation with quenched randomness.\nThere is a pinning--depinning transition in the system when the external\nmagnetic force is changed. The transition is self-organized when the external\nmagnetic field is slowly changed under the demagnetizing effect. The total\nmagnetization increases stepwise and the probability distribution of the\nincrease in the total magnetization approximately obeys a power law. A\nhysteresis loop is obtained when the external magnetic field is changed\nreciprocally. In our model, the coercivity in the magnetization curve is\nexpressed as the critical value for the pinning-depinning transition.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Overfitting and Generalization: Energetic Limits on\n  Predictive Complexity: Efficiently harvesting thermodynamic resources requires a precise\nunderstanding of their structure. This becomes explicit through the lens of\ninformation engines -- thermodynamic engines that use information as fuel.\nMaximizing the work harvested using available information is a form of\nphysically-instantiated machine learning that drives information engines to\ndevelop complex predictive memory to store an environment's temporal\ncorrelations. We show that an information engine's complex predictive memory\nposes both energetic benefits and risks. While increasing memory facilitates\ndetection of hidden patterns in an environment, it also opens the possibility\nof thermodynamic overfitting, where the engine dissipates additional energy in\ntesting. To address overfitting, we introduce thermodynamic regularizers that\nincur a cost to engine complexity in training due to the physical constraints\non the information engine. We demonstrate that regularized thermodynamic\nmachine learning generalizes effectively. In particular, the physical\nconstraints from which regularizers are derived improve the performance of\nlearned predictive models. This suggests that the laws of physics jointly\ncreate the conditions for emergent complexity and predictive intelligence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective interaction between guest charges immersed in 2D jellium: The model under study is an infinite 2D jellium of pointlike particles with\nelementary charge $e$, interacting via the logarithmic potential and in thermal\nequilibrium at the inverse temperature $\\beta$. Two cases of the coupling\nconstant $\\Gamma\\equiv \\beta e^2$ are considered: the Debye-H\\\"uckel limit\n$\\Gamma\\to 0$ and the free-fermion point $\\Gamma=2$. In the most general\nformulation, two guest particles, the one with charge $q e$ (the valence $q$\nbeing an arbitrary integer) and the hard core of radius $\\sigma>0$ and the\npointlike one with elementary charge $e$, are immersed in the bulk of the\njellium at distance $d\\ge \\sigma$. Two problems are of interest: the asymptotic\nlarge-distance behavior of the excess charge density induced in the jellium and\nthe effective interaction between the guest particles. Technically, the induced\ncharge density and the effective interaction are expressed in terms of\nmulti-particle correlations of the pure (translationally invariant) jellium\nsystem. It is shown that the separation form of the induced charge density onto\nits radial and angle parts, observed previously in the limit $\\Gamma\\to 0$, is\nnot reproduced at the coupling $\\Gamma=2$. Based on an exact expression for the\neffective interaction between guest particles at $\\Gamma=2$, oppositely\n($q=0,-1,-2,\\ldots$) charged guest particles always attract one another while\nlikely ($q=1,2,\\ldots$) charged guest particles repeal one another up to a\ncertain distance $d$ between them and then the mutual attraction takes place up\nto asymptotically large (finite) distances.",
        "positive": "Phase Transitions in Small Systems: Microcanonical vs. Canonical\n  Ensembles: We compare phase transition(-like) phenomena in small model systems for both\nmicrocanonical and canonical ensembles. The model systems correspond to a few\nclassical (non-quantum) point particles confined in a one-dimensional box and\ninteracting via Lennard-Jones-type pair potentials. By means of these simple\nexamples it can be shown already that the microcanonical thermodynamic\nfunctions of a small system may exhibit rich oscillatory behavior and, in\nparticular, singularities (non-analyticities) separating different microscopic\nphases. These microscopic phases may be identified as different microphysical\ndissociation states of the small system. The microscopic oscillations of\nmicrocanonical thermodynamic quantities (e.g. temperature, heat capacity, or\npressure) should in principle be observable in suitably designed\nevaporation/dissociation experiments (which must realize the physical\npreconditions of the microcanonical ensemble). By contrast, singular phase\ntransitions cannot occur, if a small system is embedded into an infinite heat\nbath (thermostat), corresponding to the canonical ensemble. For the simple\nmodel systems under consideration, it is nevertheless possible to identify a\nsmooth canonical phase transition by studying the distribution of complex zeros\nof the canonical partition function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation phenomena of conserved-mass aggregation model on weighted\n  complex networks: We investigate the condensation phase transitions of conserved-mass\naggregation (CA) model on weighted scale-free networks (WSFNs). In WSFNs, the\nweight $w_{ij}$ is assigned to the link between the nodes $i$ and $j$. We\nconsider the symmetric weight given as $w_{ij}=(k_i k_j)^\\alpha$. In CA model,\nthe mass $m_i$ on the randomly chosen node $i$ diffuses to a linked neighbor of\n$i$,$j$, with the rate $T_{ji}$ or an unit mass chips off from the node $i$ to\n$j$ with the rate $\\omega T_{ji}$. The hopping probability $T_{ji}$ is given as\n$T_{ji}= w_{ji}/\\sum_{<l>} w_{li}$, where the sum runs over the linked\nneighbors of the node $i$. On the WSFNs, we numerically show that a certain\ncritical $\\alpha_c$ exists below which CA model undergoes the same type of the\ncondensation transitions as those of CA model on regular lattices. However for\n$\\alpha \\geq \\alpha_c$, the condensation always occurs for any density $\\rho$\nand $\\omega$. We analytically find $\\alpha_c = (\\gamma-3)/2$ on the WSFN with\nthe degree exponent $\\gamma$. To obtain $\\alpha_c$, we analytically derive the\nscaling behavior of the stationary distribution $P^{\\infty}_k$ of finding a\nwalker at nodes with degree $k$, and the probability $D(k)$ of finding two\nwalkers simultaneously at the same node with degree $k$. We find $P^{\\infty}_k\n\\sim k^{\\alpha+1-\\gamma}$ and $D(k) \\sim k^{2(\\alpha+1)-\\gamma}$ respectively.\nWith $P^{\\infty}_k$, we also show analytically and numerically that the average\nmass $m(k)$ on a node with degree $k$ scales as $k^{\\alpha+1}$ without any\njumps at the maximal degree of the network for any $\\rho$ as in the SFNs with\n$\\alpha=0$.",
        "positive": "Phase Diagram in Stored-Energy-Driven L\u00e9vy Flight: Phase diagram based on the mean square displacement (MSD) and the\ndistribution of diffusion coefficients of the time-averaged MSD for the\nstored-energy-driven L\\'evy flight (SEDLF) is presented. In the SEDLF, a random\nwalker cannot move while storing energy, and it jumps by the stored energy. The\nSEDLF shows a whole spectrum of anomalous diffusions including subdiffusion and\nsuperdiffusion, depending on the coupling parameter between storing time\n(trapping time) and stored energy. This stochastic process can be investigated\nanalytically with the aid of renewal theory. Here, we consider two different\nrenewal processes, i.e., ordinary renewal process and equilibrium renewal\nprocess, when the mean trapping time does not diverge. We analytically show the\nphase diagram according to the coupling parameter and the power exponent in the\ntrapping-time distribution. In particular, we find that distributional behavior\nof time-averaged MSD intrinsically appears in superdiffusive as well as normal\ndiffusive regime even when the mean trapping time does not diverge."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement Pre-thermalization in an Interaction Quench between Two\n  Harmonic Oscillators: Entanglement pre-thermalization (EP) is a quasi-stationary nonequilibrium\nstate of a composite system in which each individual subsystem looks thermal\nbut the entire system remains nonthermal due to quantum entanglement between\nsubsystems. We theoretically study the dynamics of EP following a coherent\nsplit of a one-dimensional harmonic potential in which two interacting bosons\nare confined. This problem is equivalent to that of an interaction quench\nbetween two harmonic oscillators. We show that this simple model captures the\nbare essentials of EP; that is, each subsystem relaxes to an approximate\nthermal equilibrium, whereas the total system remains entangled. We find that a\ngeneralized Gibbs ensemble, which incorporates nonlocal conserved quantities,\nexactly describes the total system. In the presence of a symmetry-breaking\nperturbation, EP is quasi-stationary and eventually reaches thermal\nequilibrium. We analytically show that the lifetime of EP is inversely\nproportional to the magnitude of the perturbation.",
        "positive": "Phase transition classes in triplet and quadruplet reaction diffusion\n  models: Phase transitions of reaction-diffusion systems with site occupation\nrestriction and with particle creation that requires n=3,4 parents, whereas\nexplicit diffusion of single particles (A) is present are investigated in low\ndimensions by mean-field approximation and simulations. The mean-field\napproximation of general nA -> (n+k)A, mA -> (m-l)A type of lattice models is\nsolved and novel kind of critical behavior is pointed out. In d=2 dimensions\nthe 3A -> 4A, 3A -> 2A model exhibits a continuous mean-field type of phase\ntransition, that implies d_c<2 upper critical dimension. For this model in d=1\nextensive simulations support a mean-field type of phase transition with\nlogarithmic corrections unlike the Park et al.'s recent study (Phys. Rev E {\\bf\n66}, 025101 (2002)). On the other hand the 4A -> 5A, 4A -> 3A quadruplet model\nexhibits a mean-field type of phase transition with logarithmic corrections in\nd=2, while quadruplet models in 1d show robust, non-trivial transitions\nsuggesting d_c=2. Furthermore I show that a parity conserving model 3A -> 5A,\n2A->0 in d=1 has a continuous phase transition with novel kind of exponents.\nThese results are in contradiction with the recently suggested implications of\na phenomenological, multiplicative noise Langevin equation approach and with\nthe simulations on suppressed bosonic systems by Kockelkoren and Chat\\'e\n(cond-mat/0208497)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical studies for an ab initio investigation into the Boltzmann\n  prescription in statistical mechanics of large systems: We present numerical investigations into the question of the validity of the\nBoltzmann prescription in Statistical Mechanics for large systems, addressing\nthe issue of whether extensivity of energy implies the extensivity of the\nBoltzmann entropy. The importance of the question stems from the fact that it\nis currently considered open by some investigators but quite settled by others.\nWe report ab initio results for gas-like Hamiltonian systems with long-range as\nwell as short-range interactions, based on simulations that explicitly consider\nmore than $2^{30} \\approx 10^9$ states of the full Hilbert space. The basis of\nthe technique is Monte Carlo algorithms. Despite the largeness of the numbers\nused, careful inspection shows that the systems studied are still too small to\nsettle uniquely the issues raised. Therefore, the new approach outlined\nrepresents a first step in addressing on first principles the question of\nnon-extensive statistical mechanics. General theoretical comments are also\nsupplied to supplement the numerical investigations.",
        "positive": "Universality classes in directed sandpile models: We perform large scale numerical simulations of a directed version of the\ntwo-state stochastic sandpile model. Numerical results show that this\nstochastic model defines a new universality class with respect to the Abelian\ndirected sandpile. The physical origin of the different critical behavior has\nto be ascribed to the presence of multiple topplings in the stochastic model.\nThese results provide new insights onto the long debated question of\nuniversality in abelian and stochastic sandpiles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Intermittent resetting potentials: We study the non-equilibrium steady states and first passage properties of a\nBrownian particle with position $X$ subject to an external confining potential\nof the form $V(X)=\\mu|X|$, and that is switched on and off stochastically.\nApplying the potential intermittently generates a physically realistic\ndiffusion process with stochastic resetting toward the origin, a topic which\nhas recently attracted a considerable interest in a variety of theoretical\ncontexts but has remained challenging to implement in lab experiments. The\npresent system exhibits rich features, not observed in previous resetting\nmodels. The mean time needed by a particle starting from the potential minimum\nto reach an absorbing target located at a certain distance can be minimized\nwith respect to the switch-on and switch-off rates. The optimal rates undergo\ncontinuous or discontinuous transitions as the potential strength $\\mu$ is\nvaried across non-trivial values. A discontinuous transition with metastable\nbehavior is also observed for the optimal strength at fixed rates.",
        "positive": "Subdiffusion in a system with a partially permeable partially absorbing\n  wall: We consider subdiffusion of a particle in a one-dimensional system with a\nthin partially permeable wall. Passing through the wall, the particle can be\nabsorbed with a certain probability. We call such a wall partially permeable\npartially absorbing wall (PPAW). Using the diffusion model in a system with\ndiscrete time and spatial variable, probability densities (Green's functions)\ndescribing subdiffusion in the system have been derived. Knowing the Green's\nfunctions we derive boundary conditions at the wall. The boundary conditions\ntake a specific form in which time derivatives of the fractional order\ncontrolled by the subdiffusion parameter are involved. We assume that the\nabsorption of a particle can occur only when the particle jumps through the\nwall. It is not possible to temporarily retain a particle inside a thin wall.\nThe wall can represent a thin membrane. If a system with a thick membrane\ninside which particles may diffuse is considered, it can be treated as a\nthree-part with a thick membrane as the middle part. The boundary conditions at\nmembrane surfaces can be assumed as for PPAW. The system with PPAW can be used\nto filter diffusing particles. The temporal evolution of the probability that\nthe diffusing molecule has not been absorbed is considered. This function shows\nthe efficiency of the filtering process. The impact of subdiffusion and wall\nparameters on this function is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-Size Effects in Dynamics: Critical vs Coarsening Phenomena: Finite-size effects in systems with diverging characteristic lengthscale have\nbeen addressed via state-of-the-art Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics\nsimulations of various models exhibiting solid-solid, liquid-liquid and\nvapor-liquid transitions. Our simulations, combined with the appropriate\napplication of finite-size scaling theory, confirm various non-trivial\nsingularities in equilibrium dynamic critical phenomena and non-equilibrium\ndomain coarsening phenomena, as predicted by analytical theories. We\nconvincingly demonstrate that the finite-size effects in the domain growth\nproblems, with conserved order parameter dynamics, is weak and universal,\nirrespective of the transport mechanism. This result is strikingly different\nfrom the corresponding effects in critical dynamics. In critical phenomena,\ndifference in finite-size effects between statics and dynamics is also\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Denaturation Patterns in Heterogeneous DNA: The thermodynamical properties of heterogeneous DNA sequences are computed by\npath integral techniques applied to a nonlinear model Hamiltonian. The base\npairs relative displacements are interpreted as time dependent paths whose\namplitudes are consistent with the model potential for the hydrogen bonds\nbetween complementary strands. The portion of configuration space contributing\nto the partition function is determined, at any temperature, by selecting the\nensemble of paths which fulfill the second law of thermodynamics. For a short\nDNA fragment, the denaturation is signaled by a succession of peaks in the\nspecific heat plots while the entropy grows continuously versus $T$. Thus, the\nopening of the double strand with bubble formation appears as a smooth\ncrossover due to base pair fluctuation effects which are accounted for by the\npath integral method. The multistep transition is driven by the AT-rich regions\nof the DNA fragment. The base pairs path ensemble shows an enhanced degree of\ncooperativity at about the same temperatures for which the specific heat peaks\noccur. These findings establish a link between microscopic and macroscopic\nsignatures of the transition. The fractions of mean base pair stretchings are\ncomputed by varying the AT base pairs content and taking some threshold values\nfor the occurrence of the molecule denaturation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonideal Reaction-Diffusion Systems: Multiple Routes to Instability: We develop a general classification of the nature of the instabilities\nyielding spatial organization in open nonideal reaction-diffusion systems,\nbased on linear stability analysis. This encompasses dynamics where chemical\nspecies diffuse, interact with each other, and undergo chemical reactions\ndriven out of equilibrium by external chemostats. We find analytically that\nthese instabilities can be of two types: instabilities caused by intermolecular\nenergetic interactions (E type), and instabilities caused by multimolecular\nout-of-equilibrium chemical reactions (R type). Furthermore, we identify a\nclass of chemical reaction networks, containing unimolecular networks but also\nextending beyond them, that can only undergo E-type instabilities. We\nillustrate our analytical findings with numerical simulations on two\nreaction-diffusion models, each displaying one of the two types of instability\nand generating stable patterns.",
        "positive": "Phenomenological theory of friction in the quasistatic limit :\n  collective pinning and memory effects: When a elastic body is moved quasistatically back and forth over a surface,\nthe friction of the interface is experimentally observed to circulate through a\nhysteretic loop. The asymptotic behaviour of the hysteresis loop is approached\nexponentially. We describe how this behaviour is connected to the collective\nproperties of the elastic instabilities suffered by the elastic body as it is\ndisplaced quasistatically. We express the length scale of the exponential in\nterms of the elasticity of the surface and the properties of the rough\nsubstrate. The predicted scalings are confirmed numerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Radial distribution function of penetrable sphere fluids to second order\n  in density: The simplest bounded potential is that of penetrable spheres, which takes a\npositive finite value $\\epsilon$ if the two spheres are overlapped, being 0\notherwise. In this paper we derive the cavity function to second order in\ndensity and the fourth virial coefficient as functions of $T^*\\equiv\nk_BT/\\epsilon$ (where $k_B$ is the Boltzmann constant and $T$ is the\ntemperature) for penetrable sphere fluids. The expressions are exact, except\nfor the function represented by an elementary diagram inside the core, which is\napproximated by a polynomial form in excellent agreement with accurate results\nobtained by Monte Carlo integration. Comparison with the hypernetted-chain\n(HNC) and Percus-Yevick (PY) theories shows that the latter is better than the\nformer for $T^*\\lesssim 1$ only. However, even at zero temperature (hard sphere\nlimit), the PY solution is not accurate inside the overlapping region, where no\npractical cancelation of the neglected diagrams takes place. The exact fourth\nvirial coefficient is positive for $T^*\\lesssim 0.73$, reaches a minimum\nnegative value at $T^*\\approx 1.1$, and then goes to zero from below as\n$1/{T^*}^4$ for high temperatures. These features are captured qualitatively,\nbut not quantitatively, by the HNC and PY predictions. In addition, in both\ntheories the compressibility route is the best one for $T^*\\lesssim 0.7$, while\nthe virial route is preferable if $T^*\\gtrsim 0.7$.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic scaling behavior of self-avoiding walks on critical\n  percolation clusters: We study self-avoiding walks on three-dimensional critical percolation\nclusters using a new exact enumeration method. It overcomes the exponential\nincrease in computation time by exploiting the clusters' fractal nature. We\nenumerate walks of over $10^4$ steps, far more than has ever been possible. The\nscaling exponent $\\nu$ for the end-to-end distance turns out to be smaller than\npreviously thought and appears to be the same on the backbones as on full\nclusters. We find strong evidence against the widely assumed scaling law for\nthe number of conformations and propose an alternative, which perfectly fits\nour data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A sparcely confined water molecules undergoing finite-time thermodynamic\n  processes: A large number of water molecules are each placed on a lattice far apart so\nthat they are very weakly interacting with each other and in contact with a\nheat bath at temperature $T$. A strong static electric field, $E_{0}$, is\napplied to these molecules along a $z$-axis causing three level split energy\nvalues. A weak AC electric field that acts for a finite time $\\tau$ applied in\nthe $xy-$plane induces transitions between the three levels. This weak AC field\nacts as a protocol $\\zeta(t)$, that is switched on at $t=0$ and switched off at\n$t=\\tau$. Through this protocol, the system is taken from an initial\nthermodynamic equilibrium state $F(T,0)$ to the non-equilibrium state\n$F_{non-equil}(T, \\tau)$ recorded right when the AC field is switched off at\ntime $t=\\tau$. Once again the AC field is switched on and let it act for the\nsame finite amount of time $\\tau$ and its non-equilibrium state\n$F_{non-equil}(T, \\tau)$ recorded right when the AC field is switched off. The\nsame cyclic process is repeated for a large number of times. The data available\nfor this finite-time non-equilibrium process allowed us to extract equilibrium\nthermodynamic quantities like free energy, which is what we call Jarznski\nequality and its relation to the second law of thermodynamics. The work\ndistributions of the three-level system in the optimum condition is obtained.\nBesides, the average work of the system as a function of $\\omega$ and time\naround the optimum frequency are evaluated, where $\\omega$ is the frequency of\nthe AC electric field.",
        "positive": "Mass transport subject to time-dependent flow with non-uniform sorption\n  in porous media: We address the description of solutes flow with trapping processes in porous\nmedia. Starting from a small-scale model for tracer particles trajectories, we\nderive the corresponding governing equations for the concentration of the\nmobile and immobile phases. We show that this formulation is fairly general and\ncan easily take into account non-constant coefficients and in particular\nspace-dependent sorption rates. The transport equations are solved numerically\nand a comparison with Monte Carlo particle-tracking simulations of spatial\ncontaminant profiles and breakthrough curves is proposed, so to illustrate the\nobtained results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviations and dynamical phase transitions in stochastic chemical\n  networks: Chemical reaction networks offer a natural nonlinear generalisation of linear\nMarkov jump processes on a finite state-space. In this paper, we analyse the\ndynamical large deviations of such models, starting from their microscopic\nversion, the chemical master equation. By taking a large-volume limit, we show\nthat those systems can be described by a path integral formalism over a\nLagrangian functional of concentrations and chemical fluxes. This Lagrangian is\ndual to a Hamiltonian, whose trajectories correspond to the most likely\nevolution of the system given its boundary conditions. The same can be done for\na system biased on time-averaged concentrations and currents, yielding a biased\nHamiltonian whose trajectories are optimal paths conditioned on those\nobservables. The appropriate boundary conditions turn out to be mixed, so that,\nin the long time limit, those trajectories converge to well-defined attractors.\nWe are then able to identify the largest value that the Hamiltonian takes over\nthose attractors with the scaled cumulant generating function of our\nobservables, providing a non-linear equivalent to the well-known\nDonsker-Varadhan formula for jump processes. On that basis, we prove that\nchemical reaction networks that are deterministically multistable generically\nundergo first-order dynamical phase transitions in the vicinity of zero bias.\nWe illustrate that fact through a simple bistable model called the Schl\\\"ogl\nmodel, as well as multistable and unstable generalisations of it, and we make a\nfew surprising observations regarding the stability of deterministic fixed\npoints, and the breaking of ergodicity in the large-volume limit.",
        "positive": "Phase coherence induced by correlated disorder: We consider a mean-field model of coupled phase oscillators with quenched\ndisorder in the coupling strengths and natural frequencies. When these two\nkinds of disorder are uncorrelated (and when the positive and negative\ncouplings are equal in number and strength), it is known that phase coherence\ncannot occur and synchronization is absent. Here we explore the effects of\ncorrelating the disorder. Specifically, we assume that any given oscillator\neither attracts or repels all the others, and that the sign of the interaction\nis deterministically correlated with the given oscillator's natural frequency.\nFor symmetrically correlated disorder with zero mean, we find that the system\nspontaneously synchronizes, once the width of the frequency distribution falls\nbelow a critical value. For asymmetrically correlated disorder, the model\ndisplays coherent traveling waves: the complex order parameter becomes nonzero\nand rotates with constant frequency different from the system's mean natural\nfrequency. Thus, in both cases, correlated disorder can trigger phase\ncoherence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fast counting with tensor networks: We introduce tensor network contraction algorithms for counting satisfying\nassignments of constraint satisfaction problems (#CSPs). We represent each\narbitrary #CSP formula as a tensor network, whose full contraction yields the\nnumber of satisfying assignments of that formula, and use graph theoretical\nmethods to determine favorable orders of contraction. We employ our heuristics\nfor the solution of #P-hard counting boolean satisfiability (#SAT) problems,\nnamely monotone #1-in-3SAT and #Cubic-Vertex-Cover, and find that they\noutperform state-of-the-art solvers by a significant margin.",
        "positive": "Nucleation and hysteresis in Ising model: Classical theory versus\n  computer simulation: We have studied the nucleation in the nearest neighbour ferromagnetic Ising\nmodel, in different (d) dimensions, by extensive Monte Carlo simulation using\nthe heat-bath dynamics. The nucleation time (tau) has been studied as a\nfunction of the magnetic field (h) for various system sizes in different\ndimensions (d=2,3,4). The logarithm of the nucleation time is found to be\nproportional to the power (-(d-1)) of the magnetic field (h) in d dimensions.\nThe size dependent crossover from coalescence to nucleation regime is observed\nin all dimensions. The distribution of metastable lifetimes are studied in both\nregions. The numerical results are compared and found to be consistent with the\nclassical theoretical predictions. In two dimensions, we have also studied the\ndynamical response to a sinusoidally oscillating magnetic field. The reversal\ntime is studied as a function of the inverse of the coercive field. The\napplicability of the classical nucleation theory to study the hysteresis and\ncoercivity has been discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Complementary expressions for the entropy-from-work theorem: We establish an expression of the entropy-from-work theorem that is\ncomplementary to the one originally proposed in [P. Talkner, P. Hanggi and M.\nMorillo, arXiv:0707.2307]. In the original expression the final energy is fixed\nwhereas in the present expression the initial energy is fixed.",
        "positive": "Random walks with asymmetric time delays: We studied simple random-walk models with asymmetric time delays. Stochastic\nsimulations were performed for hyperbolic-tangent fitness functions and to\nobtain analytical results we approximated them by step functions. A novel\nbehavior has been observed. Namely, the mean position of a walker depends on\ntime delays. This is a joint effect of both stochasticity and time delays\npresent in the system. We also observed that by shifting appropriately fitness\nfunctions we may reverse the effect of time delays - the mean position of the\nwalker changes the sign."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Matrix representation of evolving networks: We present the distance matrix evolution for different types of networks:\nexponential, scale-free and classical random ones. Statistical properties of\nthese matrices are discussed as well as topological features of the networks.\nNumerical data on the degree and distance distributions are compared with\ntheoretical predictions.",
        "positive": "Mean first-passage time for random walks in general graphs with a deep\n  trap: We provide an explicit formula for the global mean first-passage time (GMFPT)\nfor random walks in a general graph with a perfect trap fixed at an arbitrary\nnode, where GMFPT is the average of mean first-passage time to the trap over\nall starting nodes in the whole graph. The formula is expressed in terms of\neigenvalues and eigenvectors of Laplacian matrix for the graph. We then use the\nformula to deduce a tight lower bound for the GMFPT in terms of only the\nnumbers of nodes and edges, as well as the degree of the trap, which can be\nachieved in both complete graphs and star graphs. We show that for a large\nsparse graph the leading scaling for this lower bound is proportional to the\nsystem size and the reciprocal of the degree for the trap node. Particularly,\nwe demonstrate that for a scale-free graph of size $N$ with a degree\ndistribution $P(d)\\sim d^{-\\gamma}$ characterized by $\\gamma$, when the trap is\nplaced on a most connected node, the dominating scaling of the lower bound\nbecomes $N^{1-1/\\gamma}$, which can be reached in some scale-free graphs.\nFinally, we prove that the leading behavior of upper bounds for GMFPT on any\ngraph is at most $N^{3}$ that can be reached in the bar-bell graphs. This work\nprovides a comprehensive understanding of previous results about trapping in\nvarious special graphs with a trap located at a specific location."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The origin of the distinction between microscopic formulas for stress\n  and Cauchy stress: Stress is calculated routinely in atomistic simulations. The widely used\nmicroscopic stress formulas derived from classical or quantum mechanics,\nhowever, are distinct from the concept of Cauchy stress, i.e., the true\nmechanical tress. This work examines various atomistic stress formulations and\ntheir inconsistencies. Using standard mathematic theorems and the law of\nmechanics, we show that Cauchy stress results unambiguously from the definition\nof internal force density, thereby removing the long-standing confusion about\nthe atomistic basis of the fundamental property of Cauchy stress, and leading\nto a new atomistic formula for stress that has clear physical meaning and\nwell-defined values, satisfies conservation law, and is fully consistent with\nthe concept of Cauchy stress.",
        "positive": "Computation of nucleation of a non-equilibrium first-order phase\n  transition using a rare-event algorithm: We introduce a new Forward-Flux Sampling in Time (FFST) algorithm to\nefficiently measure transition times in rare-event processes in non-equilibrium\nsystems, and apply it to study the first-order (discontinuous) kinetic\ntransition in the Ziff-Gulari-Barshad model of catalytic surface reaction. The\naverage time for the transition to take place, as well as both the spinodal and\ntransition points, are clearly found by this method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological-sector fluctuations and ergodicity breaking at the\n  Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition: The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transition drives the\nunbinding of topological defects in many two-dimensional systems. In the\ntwo-dimensional Coulomb gas, it corresponds to an insulator-conductor\ntransition driven by charge deconfinement. We investigate the global\ntopological properties of this transition, both analytically and by numerical\nsimulation, using a lattice-field description of the two-dimensional Coulomb\ngas on a torus. The BKT transition is shown to be an ergodicity breaking\nbetween the topological sectors of the electric field, which implies a\ndefinition of topological order in terms of broken ergodicity. The breakdown of\nlocal topological order at the BKT transition leads to the excitation of global\ntopological defects in the electric field, corresponding to different\ntopological sectors. The quantized nature of these classical excitations, and\ntheir strict suppression by ergodicity breaking in the low-temperature phase,\nafford striking global signatures of topological-sector fluctuations at the BKT\ntransition. We discuss how these signatures could be detected in experiments\non, for example, magnetic films and cold-atom systems.",
        "positive": "Generalized Potentials for a Mean-field Density Functional Theory of a\n  Three-Phase Contact Line: We investigate generalized potentials for a mean-field density functional\ntheory of a three-phase contact line. Compared to the symmetrical potential\nintroduced in our previous article [1], the three minima of these potentials\nform a small triangle located arbitrarily within the Gibbs triangle, which is\nmore realistic for ternary fluid systems. We multiply linear functions that\nvanish at edges and vertices of the small triangle, yielding potentials in the\nform of quartic polynomials. We find that a subset of such potentials has\nsimple analytic far-field solutions, and is a linear transformation of our\noriginal potential. By scaling, we can relate their solutions to those of our\noriginal potential. For special cases, the lengths of the sides of the small\ntriangle are proportional to the corresponding interfacial tensions. For the\ncase of equal interfacial tensions, we calculate a line tension that is\nproportional to the area of the small triangle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local temperature measurement in dynamical systems with rigid\n  constraints: Temperature measurements in particle simulations must account for the\nreduction in degrees of freedom (DoF) due to constraints. However, when local\ntemperature is measured, e.g. from a set of particles in a subvolume or from\nvelocities projected onto one Cartesian direction, the result can appear to\nunphysically violate equipartition if the local DoF are not correctly\ncalculated. Here we provide a self-consistent method for calculating the DoF\nfor an arbitrary local kinetic temperature measurement.",
        "positive": "Convergence of Fine-lattice Discretization for Near-critical Fluids: In simulating continuum model fluids that undergo phase separation and\ncriticality, significant gains in computational efficiency may be had by\nconfining the particles to the sites of a lattice of sufficiently fine spacing,\n$a_{0}$ (relative to the particle size, say $a$). But a cardinal question,\ninvestigated here, then arises, namely: How does the choice of the lattice\ndiscretization parameter, $\\zeta\\equiv a/a_{0}$, affect the values of\ninteresting parameters, specifically, critical temperature and density,\n$T_{\\scriptsize c}$ and $\\rho_{\\scriptsize c}$? Indeed, for small $\\zeta\n(\\lesssim 4 $-$ 8)$ the underlying lattice can strongly influence the\nthermodynamic properties. A heuristic argument, essentially exact in $d=1$ and\n$d=2$ dimensions, indicates that for models with hard-core potentials, both\n$T_{\\scriptsize c}(\\zeta)$ and $\\rho_{\\scriptsize c}(\\zeta)$ should converge to\ntheir continuum limits as $1/\\zeta^{(d+1)/2}$ for $d\\leq 3$ when\n$\\zeta\\to\\infty$; but the behavior of the error is highly erratic for $d\\geq\n2$. For smoother interaction potentials, the convergence is faster. Exact\nresults for $d=1$ models of van der Waals character confirm this; however, an\noptimal choice of $\\zeta$ can improve the rate of convergence by a factor\n$1/\\zeta$. For $d\\geq 2$ models, the convergence of the {\\em second virial\ncoefficients} to their continuum limits likewise exhibit erratic behavior which\nis seen to transfer similarly to $T_{\\scriptsize c}$ and $\\rho_{\\scriptsize\nc}$; but this can be used in various ways to enhance convergence and improve\nextrapolation to $\\zeta = \\infty$ as is illustrated using data for the\nrestricted primitive model electrolyte."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Thermoactivation of Nanoscale Magnets: The integral relaxation time describing the thermoactivated escape of a\nuniaxial quantum spin system interacting with a boson bath is calculated\nanalytically in the whole temperature range. For temperatures T much less than\nthe barrier height \\Delta U, the level quantization near the top of the barrier\nand the strong frequency dependence of the one-boson transition probability can\nlead to the regularly spaced deep minima of the thermoactivation rate as a\nfunction of the magnetic field applied along the z axis.",
        "positive": "Landauer bound for erasure using non-ideal gas: Landauer principle states that erasure of $N$ bit information requires an\nentropic cost of $Nk_B \\ln 2$. This fact can easily be demonstrated by\nrelaxation of an ideal gas consisting of $N$ particles inside a fixed volume.\nIn this paper we discuss the modification of Landauer bound when we use\nnon-ideal gas with inter-particle interactions for erasure procedure. We have\nfound that the bound on the entropy production can be lowered when the\ninteraction between particles is square-well potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mass-scaling replica-exchange molecular dynamics optimizes computational\n  resources with simpler algorithm: We develop a novel method of replica-exchange molecular dynamics (REMD)\nsimulation, mass-scaling REMD (MSREMD) method, which improves trajectory\naccuracy at high temperatures, and thereby contributes to numerical stability.\nIn addition, the MSREMD method can also simplify a replica-exchange routine by\neliminating velocity scaling. As a pilot system, a Lennard-Jones fluid is\nsimulated with the new method. The results show that the MSREMD method improves\nthe trajectory accuracy at high temperatures compared with the conventional\nREMD method. We analytically demonstrate that the MSREMD simulations can\nreproduce completely the same trajectories of the conventional REMD ones with\nshorter time steps at high temperatures in case of the Nos\\'e-Hoover\nthermostats. Accordingly, we can easily compare the computational costs of the\nREMD and MSREMD simulations. We conclude that the MSREMD method decreases the\ninstability and optimizes the computational resources with simpler algorithm\nunder the constant trajectory accuracy at all temperatures.",
        "positive": "Regularized Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics for a Brownian particle in a\n  non-confining field: We consider an overdamped Brownian particle subject to an asymptotically flat\npotential with a trap of depth $U_0$ around the origin. When the temperature is\nsmall compared to the trap depth ($\\xi=k_B T/U_0 \\ll 1$), there exists a range\nof timescales over which physical observables remain practically constant. This\nrange can be very long, of the order of the Arrhenius factor ${\\rm e}^{1/\\xi}$.\nFor these quasi-equilibrium states, the usual Boltzmann-Gibbs recipe does not\nwork, since the partition function is divergent due to the flatness of the\npotential at long distances. However, we show that the standard Boltzmann-Gibbs\n(BG) statistical framework and thermodynamic relations can still be applied\nthrough proper regularization. This can be a valuable tool for the analysis of\nmetastability in the non-confining potential fields that characterize a vast\nnumber of systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of a quantum asymmetric exclusion process with particle\n  creation and annihilation: We consider a Lindblad equation that for particular initial conditions\nreduces to an asymmetric simple exclusion process with additional loss and gain\nterms. The resulting Lindbladian exhibits operator-space fragmentation and each\nblock is Yang-Baxter integrable. For particular loss/gain rates the model can\nbe mapped to free fermions. We determine the full quantum dynamics for an\ninitial product state in this case.",
        "positive": "Continued Fractions and the Partially Asymmetric Exclusion Process: We note that a tridiagonal matrix representation of the algebra of the\npartially asymmetric exclusion process (PASEP) lends itself to interpretation\nas the transfer matrix for weighted Motzkin lattice paths. A continued fraction\n(\"J-Fraction\") representation of the lattice path generating function is\nparticularly well suited to discussing the PASEP, for which the paths have\nheight dependent weights. We show that this not only allows a succinct\nderivation of the normalisation and correlation lengths of the PASEP, but also\nreveals how finite-dimensional representations of the PASEP algebra, valid only\nalong special lines in the phase diagram, relate to the general solution that\nrequires an infinite-dimensional representation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological dynamics and dynamical scaling behavior of vortices in a\n  two-dimensional XY model: By using topological current theory we study the inner topological structure\nof vortices a two-dimensional (2D) XY model and find the topological current\nrelating to the order parameter field. A scalar field, $\\psi$, is introduced\nthrough the topological current theory. By solving the scalar field, the\ninteraction energy of vortices in a 2D XY model is revisited. We study the\ndynamical evolution of vortices and present the branch conditions for\ngenerating, annihilating, crossing, splitting and merging of vortices. During\nthe growth or annihilation of vortices, the dynamical scaling law of relevant\nlength in a 2D XY model, $\\xi(t)\\propto(t-t^*)^{1/z}$, is obtained in the\nneighborhood of the limit point, given the dynamic exponent $z=2$. This\ndynamical scaling behavior is consistent with renormalization group theory,\nnumerical simulations, and experimental results. Furthermore, it is found that\nduring the crossing, splitting and merging of vortices, the dynamical scaling\nlaw of relevant length is $\\xi(t)\\propto(t-t^*)$. However, if vortices are at\nrest during splitting or merging, the dynamical scaling law of relevant length\nis a constat.",
        "positive": "Discontinuous transitions in globally coupled potential systems with\n  additive noise: An infinite array of globally coupled overdamped constituents moving in a\ndouble-well potential with $n$-th order saturation term under the influence of\nadditive Gaussian white noise is investigated. The system exhibits a continuous\nphase transition from a symmetric phase to a symmetry-broken phase. The\nqualitative behavior is independent on $n$. The critical point is calculated\nfor strong and for weak noise, these limits are also bounds for the critical\npoint. Introducing an additional nonlinearity, such that the potential can have\nup to three minima, leads to richer behavior. There the parameter space divides\nin three regions, a region with a symmetric phase, a region with a phase of\nbroken symmetry and a region where both phases coexist. The region of\ncoexistence collapses into one of the others via a discontinuous phase\ntransition whereas the transition between the symmetric phase and the phase of\nbroken symmetry is continuous. The tricritical point where the three regions\nintersect, can be calculated for strong and for weak noise. These limiting\nvalues form optimal bounds on the tricritical point. In the region of\ncoexistence simulations of finite systems are performed. One finds that the\nstationary distribution of finite but large systems differs qualitatively from\nthe one of the infinite system. Hence the limits of stationarity and large\nsystem size do not commute."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Observing the evaporation transition in vibro-fluidized granular matter: By shaking a sand box the grains on the top start to jump giving the picture\nof evaporating a sand bulk, and a gaseous transition starts at the surface\ngranular matter (GM) bed. Moreover the mixture of the grains in the whole bed\nstarts to move in a cooperative way which is far away from a Brownian\ndescription. In a previous work we have shown that the key element to describe\nthe statistics of this behavior is the exclusion of volume principle, whereby\nthe system obeys a Fermi configurational approach. Even though the experiment\ninvolves an archetypal non-equilibrium system, we succeeded in defining a\nglobal temperature, as the quantity associated to the Lagrange parameter in a\nmaximum entropic statistical description. In fact in order to close our\napproach we had to generalize the equipartition theorem for dissipative\nsystems. Therefore we postulated, found and measured a fundamental dissipative\nparameter, written in terms of pumping and gravitational energies, linking the\nconfigurational entropy to the collective response for the expansion of the\ncentre of mass (c.m.) of the granular bed. Here we present a kinetic approach\nto describe the experimental velocity distribution function (VDF) of this\nnon-Maxwellian gas of macroscopic Fermi-like particles (mFp). The evaporation\ntransition occurs mainly by jumping balls governed by the excluded volume\nprinciple. Surprisingly in the whole range of low temperatures that we measured\nthis description reveals a lattice-gas, leading to a packing factor, which is\nindependent of the external parameters. In addition we measure the mean free\npath, as a function of the driving frequency, and corroborate our prediction\nfrom the present kinetic theory.",
        "positive": "Diffusion of heat, energy, momentum, and mass in one-dimensional systems: We study diffusion processes of local fluctuations of heat, energy, momentum,\nand mass in three paradigmatic one-dimensional systems. For each system,\ndiffusion processes of four physical quantities are simulated and the cross\ncorrelations between them are investigated. We find that, in all three systems,\ndiffusion processes of energy and mass can be perfectly expressed as a linear\ncombination of those of heat and momentum, suggesting that diffusion processes\nof heat and momentum may represent the heat mode and the sound mode in the\nhydrodynamic theory. In addition, the dynamic structure factor, which describes\nthe diffusion behavior of local mass density fluctuations, is in general\ninsufficient for probing diffusion processes of other quantities because in\nsome cases there is no correlation between them. We also find that the\ndiffusion behavior of heat can be qualitatively different from that of energy,\nand, as a result, previous studies trying to relate heat conduction to energy\ndiffusion should be revisited."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Alternating Kinetics of Annihilating Random Walks Near a Free Interface: The kinetics of annihilating random walks in one dimension, with the\nhalf-line x>0 initially filled, is investigated. The survival probability of\nthe nth particle from the interface exhibits power-law decay,\nS_n(t)~t^{-alpha_n}, with alpha_n approximately equal to 0.225 for n=1 and all\nodd values of n; for all n even, a faster decay with alpha_n approximately\nequal to 0.865 is observed. From consideration of the eventual survival\nprobability in a finite cluster of particles, the rigorous bound alpha_1<1/4 is\nderived, while a heuristic argument gives alpha_1 approximately equal to 3\nsqrt{3}/8 = 0.2067.... Numerically, this latter value appears to be a stringent\nlower bound for alpha_1. The average position of the first particle moves to\nthe right approximately as 1.7 t^{1/2}, with a relatively sharp and asymmetric\nprobability distribution.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of fluctuations in the Gaussian model with conserved dynamics: We study the fluctuations of the Gaussian model, with conservation of the\norder parameter, evolving in contact with a thermal bath quenched from inverse\ntemperature $\\beta _i$ to a final one $\\beta _f$. At every time there exists a\ncritical value $s_c(t)$ of the variance $s$ of the order parameter per degree\nof freedom such that the fluctuations with $s>s_c(t)$ are characterized by a\nmacroscopic contribution of the zero wavevector mode, similarly to what occurs\nin an ordinary condensation transition. We show that the probability of\nfluctuations with $s<\\inf_t [s_c(t)]$, for which condensation never occurs,\nrapidly converges towards a stationary behavior. By contrast, the process of\npopulating the zero wavevector mode of the variance, which takes place for\n$s>\\inf _t [s_c(t)]$, induces a slow non-equilibrium dynamics resembling that\nof systems quenched across a phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Width of Rough Interfaces on Asymmetric Lattices: I present a calculation of the interfacial width within the capillary wave\n(Gaussian) approximation. The calculation is done on rectangular lattices of\nsize L_1 times L_2, with periodic boundary conditions.",
        "positive": "Universal Power Law Scaling Near the Turning Points: We show analytically and numerically that, the velocity $v_\\pm$ of a particle\nnear the turning points $x_0$ vanishes, i. e. $v_\\pm\\rightarrow 0$ as\n$x\\rightarrow x_0$, according to the power law scaling $\\left|v_\\pm\\right|\n\\propto \\left|x_0-x\\right|^{\\beta}$, where the exponent $\\beta=1/2$ is\nindependent of the particle mass and the force acting on it. We also show that,\nthe time spends it any particle at each small interval $dx$ near the turning\npoints diverges as $\\tau\\propto \\left|x_0-x\\right|^{\\nu}$, with the exponent\n$\\nu=-1/2$. Behavior we find here is very similar to power law scaling that had\nbeen found near the critical points for systems which undergo a phase\ntransition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Langevin equation: We propose a Langevin equation to describe the quantum Brownian motion of\nbounded particles based on a distinctive formulation concerning both the\nfluctuation and dissipation forces. The fluctuation force is similar to that\nemployed in the classical case. It is a white noise with a variance\nproportional to the temperature. The dissipation force is not restrict to be\nproportional to the velocity and is determined in a way as to guarantee that\nthe stationary state is given by a density operator of the Gibbs canonical\ntype. To this end we derived an equation that gives the time evolution of the\ndensity operator, which turns out to be a quantum Fokker-Planck-Kramers\nequation. The approach is applied to the harmonic oscillator in which case the\ndissipation force is found to be non Hermitian and proportional to the velocity\nand position.",
        "positive": "Discrete solution of the electrokinetic equations: We present a robust scheme for solving the electrokinetic equations. This\ngoal is achieved by combining the lattice-Boltzmann method (LB) with a discrete\nsolution of the convection-diffusion equation for the different charged and\nneutral species that compose the fluid. The method is based on identifying the\nelementary fluxes between nodes, which ensures the absence of spurious fluxes\nin equilibrium. We show how the model is suitable to study electro-osmotic\nflows. As an illustration, we show that, by introducing appropriate dynamic\nrules in the presence of solid interfaces, we can compute the sedimentation\nvelocity (and hence the sedimentation potential) of a charged sphere. Our\napproach does not assume linearization of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and\nallows us for a wide variation of the Peclet number."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random walk model for coordinate dependent diffusion in a force field: In this paper we develop a random walk model on lattice for coordinate\ndependent diffusion at constant temperature in contact with a heat bath. We\nemploy here a coordinate dependent waiting time of the random walker to make\nthe diffusivity coordinate dependent. The presence of a confining conservative\nforce is modeled by appropriately breaking the isotropy of the jumps of the\nrandom walker to its nearest neighbors. We show that the equilibrium is\ncharacterized by the position distribution which is of modified Boltzmann form.\nWe also show that, in such systems with coordinate dependent diffusivity, the\nmodified Boltzmann distribution correctly captures the transition over a\npotential barrier as opposed to the Boltzmann distribution.",
        "positive": "Phase transition in protocols minimizing work fluctuations: For two canonical examples of driven mesoscopic systems - a\nharmonically-trapped Brownian particle and a quantum dot - we numerically\ndetermine the finite-time protocols that optimize the compromise between the\nstandard deviation and the mean of the dissipated work. In the case of the\noscillator, we observe a collection of protocols that smoothly trade-off\nbetween average work and its fluctuations. However, for the quantum dot, we\nfind that as we shift the weight of our optimization objective from average\nwork to work standard deviation, there is an analog of a first-order phase\ntransition in protocol space: two distinct protocols exchange global optimality\nwith mixed protocols akin to phase coexistence. As a result, the two types of\nprotocols possess qualitatively different properties and remain distinct even\nin the infinite duration limit: optimal-work-fluctuation protocols never\ncoalesce with the minimal work protocols, which therefore never become\nquasistatic."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Energy dissipation statistics in the random fuse model: We study the statistics of the dissipated energy in the two-dimensional\nrandom fuse model for fracture under different imposed strain conditions. By\nmeans of extensive numerical simulations we compare different ways to compute\nthe dissipated energy. In the case of a infinitely slow driving rate\n(quasi-static model) we find that the probability distribution of the released\nenergy shows two different scaling regions separated by a sharp energy\ncrossover. At low energies, the probability of having an event of energy $E$\ndecays as $\\sim E^{-1/2}$, which is robust and independent of the energy\nquantifier used (or lattice type). At high energies fluctuations dominate the\nenergy distribution leading to a crossover to a different scaling regime, $\\sim\nE^{-2.75}$, whenever the released energy is computed over the whole system. On\nthe contrary, strong finite-size effects are observed if we only consider the\nenergy dissipated at microfractures. In a different numerical experiment the\nquasi-static dynamics condition is relaxed, so that the system is driven at\nfinite strain load rates, and we find that the energy distribution decays as\n$\\mathcal{P} (E) \\sim E^{-1}$ for all the energy range.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium universality in the dynamics of dissipative cold atomic\n  gases: The theory of continuous phase transitions predicts the universal collective\nproperties of a physical system near a critical point, which for instance\nmanifest in characteristic power-law behaviours of physical observables. The\nwell-established concept at or near equilibrium, universality, can also\ncharacterize the physics of systems out of equilibrium. The most fundamental\ninstance of a genuine non-equilibrium phase transition is the directed\npercolation universality class, where a system switches from an absorbing\ninactive to a fluctuating active phase. Despite being known for several decades\nit has been challenging to find experimental systems that manifest this\ntransition. Here we show theoretically that signatures of the directed\npercolation universality class can be observed in an atomic system with long\nrange interactions. Moreover, we demonstrate that even mesoscopic ensembles ---\nwhich are currently studied experimentally --- are sufficient to observe traces\nof this non-equilibrium phase transition in one, two and three dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Notes on relaxation of the resonant model using a scattering approach: Here we consider a non-perturbative description of the non-interacting\nresonant model using a scattering approach employed in JCP 152(24) 244126\n(2020). We showed that such description coincides with the standard NEGF and\nLandauer-Buttiker approaches.",
        "positive": "Jarzynski Equality for Driven Quantum Field Theories: The fluctuation theorems, and in particular, the Jarzynski equality, are the\nmost important pillars of modern non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. We\nextend the quantum Jarzynski equality together with the Two-Time Measurement\nFormalism to their ultimate range of validity -- to quantum field theories. To\nthis end, we focus on a time-dependent version of scalar phi-four. We find\nclosed form expressions for the resulting work distribution function, and we\nfind that they are proper physical observables of the quantum field theory.\nAlso, we show explicitly that the Jarzynski equality and Crooks fluctuation\ntheorems hold at one-loop order independent of the renormalization scale. As a\nnumerical case study, we compute the work distributions for an infinitely\nsmooth protocol in the ultra-relativistic regime. In this case, it is found\nthat work done through processes with pair creation is the dominant\ncontribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On Ising and dimer models in two and three dimensions: Motivated by recent interest in 2+1 dimensional quantum dimer models, we\nrevisit Fisher's mapping of two dimensional Ising models to hardcore dimer\nmodels. First, we note that the symmetry breaking transition of the\nferromagetic Ising model maps onto a non-symmetry breaking transition in dimer\nlanguage -- instead it becomes a deconfinement transition for test monomers.\nNext, we introduce a modification of Fisher's mapping in which a second dimer\nmodel, also equivalent to the Ising model, is defined on a generically\ndifferent lattice derived from the dual. In contrast to Fisher's original\nmapping, this enables us to reformulate frustrated Ising models as dimer models\nwith positive weights and we illustrate this by providing a new solution of the\nfully frustrated Ising model on the square lattice. Finally, by means of the\nmodified mapping we show that a large class of three-dimensional Ising models\nare precisely equivalent, in the time continuum limit, to particular quantum\ndimer models. As Ising models in three dimensions are dual to Ising gauge\ntheories, this further yields an exact map between the latter and the quantum\ndimer models. The paramagnetic phase in Ising language maps onto a deconfined,\ntopologically ordered phase in the dimer models. Using this set of ideas, we\nalso construct an exactly soluble quantum eight vertex model.",
        "positive": "Bounds on fluctuations for ensembles of quantum thermal machines: We study universal aspects of fluctuations in an ensemble of noninteracting\ncontinuous quantum thermal machines in the steady state limit. Considering an\nindividual machine, such as a refrigerator, in which relative fluctuations (and\nhigh order cumulants) of the cooling heat current to the absorbed heat current,\n$\\eta^{(n)}$, are upper-bounded, $\\eta^{(n)}\\leq \\eta_C^n$ with $n\\geq 2$ and\n$\\eta_C$ the Carnot efficiency, we prove that an {\\it ensemble} of $N$ distinct\nmachines similarly satisfies this upper bound on the relative fluctuations of\nthe ensemble, $\\eta_N^{(n)}\\leq \\eta_C^n$. For an ensemble of distinct quantum\n{\\it refrigerators} with components operating in the tight coupling limit we\nfurther prove the existence of a {\\it lower bound} on $\\eta_N^{(n)}$ in\nspecific cases, exemplified on three-level quantum absorption refrigerators and\nresonant-energy thermoelectric junctions. Beyond special cases, the existence\nof a lower bound on $\\eta_N^{(2)}$ for an ensemble of quantum refrigerators is\ndemonstrated by numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behaviour of thin films with quenched impurities: The critical behaviour of thin films containing quenched random impurities\nand inhomogeneities is investigated by the renormalization-group method. The\nfinite-size crossover in impure films has been considered on the basis of the\nfundamental relationship between the effective spatial dimensionality and the\ncharacteristic lengths of the system. The difference between the critical\nproperties of infinite systems and films is demonstrated and investigated. A\nnew critical exponent, describing the scaling properties of the thickness of\nfilms with extended impurities has been deduced and calculated. A special\nattention is paid to the critical behaviour of real impure films.",
        "positive": "Casimir force in the rotor model with twisted boundary conditions: We investigate the three dimensional lattice XY model with nearest neighbor\ninteraction. The vector order parameter of this system lies on the vertices of\na cubic lattice, which is embedded in a system with a film geometry. The\norientations of the vectors are fixed at the two opposite sides of the film.\nThe angle between the vectors at the two boundaries is $\\alpha$ where $0 \\le\n\\alpha \\le \\pi$. We make use of the mean field approximation to study the mean\nlength and orientation of the vector order parameter throughout the film---and\nthe Casimir force it generates---as a function of the temperature $T$, the\nangle $\\alpha$, and the thickness $L$ of the system. Among the results of that\ncalculation are a Casimir force that depends in a continuous way on both the\nparameter $\\alpha$ and the temperature and that can be attractive or repulsive.\nIn particular, by varying $\\alpha$ and/or $T$ one controls \\underline{both} the\nsign \\underline{and} the magnitude of the Casimir force in a reversible way.\nFurthermore, for the case $\\alpha=\\pi$, we discover an additional phase\ntransition occurring only in the finite system associated with the variation of\nthe orientations of the vectors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Growth-based Optimization Algorithm for Lattice Heteropolymers: An improved version of the pruned-enriched-Rosenbluth method (PERM) is\nproposed and tested on finding lowest energy states in simple models of lattice\nheteropolymers. It is found to outperform not only the previous version of\nPERM, but also all other fully blind general purpose stochastic algorithms\nwhich have been employed on this problem. In many cases it found new lowest\nenergy states missed in previous papers. Limitations are discussed.",
        "positive": "Mean-performance of sharp restart I: Statistical roadmap: Restart is a general framework, of prime importance and wide applicability,\nfor expediting first-passage times and completion times of general stochastic\nprocesses. Restart protocols can use either deterministic or stochastic timers.\nRestart protocols with deterministic timers -- \"sharp restart\" -- assume a\nprincipal role: if there exists a restart protocol that improves\nmean-performance, then there exists a sharp-restart protocol that performs as\ngood or better. This paper, the first of a duo, presents a comprehensive\nmean-performance analysis of sharp restart. Using statistical methods, the\nanalysis establishes universal criteria that determine when sharp restart\nimproves or worsens mean-performance, i.e., decreases or increases mean\nfirst-passage/completion times. These criteria are akin to those recently\ndiscovered for the most widely applied restart protocols -- \"exponential\nrestart\" -- which use exponentially-distributed timers. However, while the\nexponential-restart criteria cover only the case of slow timers, the\nsharp-restart criteria established here further cover the cases of fast,\ncritical, and general timers; moreover, the latter criteria address the very\nexistence of timers with which sharp restart improves or worsens\nmean-performance. Using the slow-timers criteria, we discover a general\nscenario for which: sharp restart improves mean-performance, whereas\nexponential restart worsens mean-performance. The potency of the novel results\npresented here is demonstrated by examples, and by the results' application to\ncanonical diffusion processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local time of diffusion with stochastic resetting: Diffusion with stochastic resetting has recently emerged as a powerful\nmodeling tool with a myriad of potential applications. Here, we study local\ntime in this model, covering situations of free and biased diffusion with, and\nwithout, the presence of an absorbing boundary. Given a Brownian trajectory\nthat evolved for $t$ units of time, the local time is simply defined as the\ntotal time the trajectory spent in a small vicinity of its initial position.\nHowever, as Brownian trajectories are stochastic --- the local time itself is a\nrandom variable which fluctuates round and about its mean value. In the past,\nthe statistics of these fluctuations has been quantified in detail; but not in\nthe presence of resetting which biases the particle to spend more time near its\nstarting point. Here, we extend past results to include the possibility of\nstochastic resetting with, and without, the presence of an absorbing boundary\nand/or drift. We obtain exact results for the moments and distribution of the\nlocal time and these reveal that its statistics usually admits a simple form in\nthe long-time limit. And yet, while fluctuations in the absence of stochastic\nresetting are typically non-Gaussian --- resetting gives rise to Gaussian\nfluctuations. The analytical findings presented herein are in excellent\nagreement with numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "A Farey Fraction Spin Chain: We introduce a new number-theoretic spin chain and explore its thermodynamics\nand connections with number theory. The energy of each spin configuration is\ndefined in a translation-invariant manner in terms of the Farey fractions, and\nis also expressed using Pauli matrices. We prove that the free energy exists\nand exhibits a unique phase transition at inverse temperature beta = 2. The\nfree energy is the same as that of a related, non translation-invariant\nnumber-theoretic spin chain. Using a number-theoretic argument, the\nlow-temperature (beta > 3) state is shown to be completely magnetized for long\nchains. The number of states of energy E = log(n) summed over chain length is\nexpressed in terms of a restricted divisor problem. We conjecture that its\nasymptotic form is (n log n), consistent with the phase transition at beta = 2,\nand suggesting a possible connection with the Riemann zeta function. The spin\ninteraction coefficients include all even many-body terms and are translation\ninvariant. Computer results indicate that all the interaction coefficients,\nexcept the constant term, are ferromagnetic."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information density, structure and entropy in equilibrium and\n  non-equilibrium systems: During a spontaneous change, a macroscopic physical system will evolve\ntowards a macro-state with more realizations. This observation is at the basis\nof the Statistical Mechanical version of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and\nit provides an interpretation of entropy in terms of probabilities. However, we\ncannot rely on the statistical-mechanical expressions for entropy in systems\nthat are far from equilibrium. In this paper, we compare various extensions of\nthe definition of entropy, which have been proposed for non-equilibrium\nsystems. It has recently been proposed that measures of information density may\nserve to quantify entropy in both equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems. We\npropose a new \"bit-wise\" method to measure the information density for off\nlattice systems. This method does not rely on coarse-graining of the particle\ncoordinates. We then compare different estimates of the system entropy, based\non information density and on the structural properties of the system, and\ncheck if the various entropies are mutually consistent and, importantly,\nwhether they can detect non-trivial ordering phenomena. We find that, except\nfor simple (one-dimensional) cases, the different methods yield answers that\nare at best qualitatively similar, and often not even that, although in several\ncases, different entropy estimates do detect ordering phenomena qualitatively.\nOur entropy estimates based on bit-wise data compression contain no adjustable\nscaling factor, and show large quantitative differences with the thermodynamic\nentropy obtained from equilibrium simulations. Hence, our results suggest that,\nat present, there is not yet a single, structure-based entropy definition that\nhas general validity for equilibrium and non equilibrium systems.",
        "positive": "The unique non self-referential q-canonical distribution and the\n  physical temperature derived from the maximum entropy principle in Tsallis\n  statistics: The maximum entropy principle in Tsallis statistics is reformulated in the\nmathematical framework of the q-product, which results in the unique non\nself-referential q-canonical distribution. As one of the applications of the\npresent formalism, we theoretically derive the physical temperature which\ncoincides with that already obtained in accordance with the generalized zeroth\nlaw of thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation Phenomena in Low and High Density Systems: We consider the 2D quenched--disordered $q$--state Potts ferromagnets and\nshow that at self--dual points any amalgamation of $q-1$ species will fail to\npercolate despite an overall (high) density of $1-q^{-1}$. Further, in the\ndilute bond version of these systems, if the system is just above threshold,\nthen throughout the low temperature phase there is percolation of a single\nspecies despite a correspondingly small density. Finally, we demonstrate both\nphenomena in a single model by considering a ``perturbation'' of the dilute\nmodel that has a self--dual point. We also demonstrate that these phenomena\noccur, by a similar mechanism, in a simple coloring model invented by O.\nH\\\"aggstr\\\"om.",
        "positive": "Mean Field Critical Behaviour for a Fully Frustrated\n  Blume-Emmery-Griffiths Model: We present a mean field analysis of a fully frustrated Ising spin model on an\nIsing lattice gas. This is equivalent to a degenerate Blume-Emery-Griffiths\nmodel with frustration, which we analyze for different values of the\nquadrupolar interaction. This model might be useful in the study of structural\nglasses and related systems with disorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Novel Dynamical Phenomena in Magnetic systems: Dynamics of Ising models is a much studied phenomenon and has emerged as a\nrich field of present-day research. An important dynamical feature commonly\nstudied is the quenching phenomenon below the critical temperature. In this\nthesis we have studied the zero temperature quenching dynamics of different\nIsing spin systems. First we have studied the zero temperature quenching\ndynamics of two dimensional Ising spin system with competating interactions.\nThen we have studied the effect of randomness or disorder on the quenching\ndynamics of Ising spin system. We have studied the effect of the nature of\nrandomness on zero temperature quenching dynamics of one dimensional Ising\nmodel on two type of complex networks. A model for opinion dynamics also has\nbeen proposed in this thesis, in which the binary opinions of the individuals\nare determined according to the size of their neighboring domains. This model\ncan be equivalently defined in terms of Ising spin variables and the various\nquantities studied have one to one correspondence with magnetic systems.\nIntroducing disorder in this model through a parameter called rigidity\nparameter $\\rho$ (probability that people are completely rigid and never change\ntheir opinion), the transition to a heterogeneous society at $\\rho = 0^{+}$ is\nobtained. The Model (Model I) has been generalized introducing a parameter\nnamed as size sensitivity parameter to modify the dynamics of the proposed\nmodel and a macroscopic crossover in time is observed for the intermediate\nvalues of this parameter.",
        "positive": "A Self-Organized-Criticality model consistent with statistical\n  properties of edge turbulence in a fusion plasma: The statistical properties of the intermittent signal generated by a recent\nmodel for self-organized-criticality (SOC) are examined. A successful\ncomparison is made with previously published results of the equivalent\nquantities measured in the electrostatic turbulence at the edge of a fusion\nplasma. This result re-establishes SOC as a potential paradigm for transport in\nmagnetic fusion devices, overriding shortcomings pointed out in earlier works\n[E. Spada, et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3032 (2001); V. Antoni, et al, Phys.\nRev. Lett. 87, 045001 (2001)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the onset of synchronization of Kuramoto oscillators in scale-free\n  networks: Despite the great attention devoted to the study of phase oscillators on\ncomplex networks in the last two decades, it remains unclear whether scale-free\nnetworks exhibit a nonzero critical coupling strength for the onset of\nsynchronization in the thermodynamic limit. Here, we systematically compare\npredictions from the heterogeneous degree mean-field (HMF) and the quenched\nmean-field (QMF) approaches to extensive numerical simulations on large\nnetworks. We provide compelling evidence that the critical coupling vanishes as\nthe number of oscillators increases for scale-free networks characterized by a\npower-law degree distribution with an exponent $2 < \\gamma \\leq 3$, in line\nwith what has been observed for other dynamical processes in such networks. For\n$\\gamma > 3$, we show that the critical coupling remains finite, in agreement\nwith HMF calculations and highlight phenomenological differences between\ncritical properties of phase oscillators and epidemic models on scale-free\nnetworks. Finally, we also discuss at length a key choice when studying\nsynchronization phenomena in complex networks, namely, how to normalize the\ncoupling between oscillators.",
        "positive": "Two-strain competition in quasi-neutral stochastic disease dynamics: We develop a new perturbation method for studying quasi-neutral competition\nin a broad class of stochastic competition models, and apply it to the analysis\nof fixation of competing strains in two epidemic models. The first model is a\ntwo-strain generalization of the stochastic Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible\n(SIS) model. Here we extend previous results due to Parsons and Quince (2007),\nParsons et al (2008) and Lin, Kim and Doering (2012). The second model, a\ntwo-strain generalization of the stochastic Susceptible-Infected-Recovered\n(SIR) model with population turnover, has not been studied previously. In each\nof the two models, when the basic reproduction numbers of the two strains are\nidentical, a system with an infinite population size approaches a point on the\ndeterministic coexistence line (CL): a straight line of fixed points in the\nphase space of sub-population sizes. Shot noise drives one of the strain\npopulations to fixation, and the other to extinction, on a time scale\nproportional to the total population size. Our perturbation method explicitly\ntracks the dynamics of the probability distribution of the sub-populations in\nthe vicinity of the CL. We argue that, whereas the slow strain has a\ncompetitive advantage for mathematically \"typical\" initial conditions, it is\nthe fast strain that is more likely to win in the important situation when a\nfew infectives of both strains are introduced into a susceptible population."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Space-dependent diffusion with stochastic resetting: A first-passage\n  study: We explore the effect of stochastic resetting on the first-passage properties\nof space-dependent diffusion in presence of a constant bias. In our\nanalytically tractable model system, a particle diffusing in a linear potential\n$U(x)\\propto\\mu |x|$ with a spatially varying diffusion coefficient\n$D(x)=D_0|x|$ undergoes stochastic resetting, i.e., returns to its initial\nposition $x_0$ at random intervals of time, with a constant rate $r$.\nConsidering an absorbing boundary placed at $x_a<x_0$, we first derive an exact\nexpression of the survival probability of the diffusing particle in the Laplace\nspace and then explore its first-passage to the origin as a limiting case of\nthat general result. In the limit $x_a\\to0$, we derive an exact analytic\nexpression for the first-passage time distribution of the underlying process.\nOnce resetting is introduced, the system is observed to exhibit a series of\ndynamical transitions in terms of a sole parameter, $\\nu=(1+\\mu D_0^{-1})$,\nthat captures the interplay of the drift and the diffusion. Constructing a full\nphase diagram in terms of $\\nu$, we show that for $\\nu<0$, i.e., when the\npotential is strongly repulsive, the particle can never reach the origin. In\ncontrast, for weakly repulsive or attractive potential ($\\nu>0$), it eventually\nreaches the origin. Resetting accelerates such first-passage when $\\nu<3$, but\nhinders its completion for $\\nu>3$. A resetting transition is therefore\nobserved at $\\nu=3$, and we provide a comprehensive analysis of the same. The\npresent study paves the way for an array of theoretical and experimental works\nthat combine stochastic resetting with inhomogeneous diffusion in a\nconservative force-field.",
        "positive": "Scrambling with conservation law: In this article we discuss the impact of conservation laws, specifically\n$U(1)$ charge conservation and energy conservation, on scrambling dynamics,\nespecially on the approach to the late time fully scrambled state. As a model,\nwe consider a $d+1$ dimensional ($d\\geq 2$) holographic conformal field theory\nwith Einstein gravity dual. Using the holographic dictionary, we calculate\nout-of-time-order-correlators (OTOCs) that involve the conserved $U(1)$ current\noperator or energy-momentum tensor. We show that these OTOCs approach their\nlate time value as a power law in time, with a universal exponent\n$\\frac{d}{2}$. We also generalize the result to compute OTOCs between general\noperators which have overlap with the conserved charges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Freely jointed chain models with extensible links: Analytical relations for the mechanical response of single polymer chains are\nvaluable for modeling purposes, on both the molecular and the continuum scale.\nThese relations can be obtained using statistical thermodynamics and an\nidealized single-chain model, such as the freely jointed chain model. To\ninclude bond stretching, the rigid links in the freely jointed chain model can\nbe made extensible, but this almost always renders the model analytically\nintractable. Here, an asymptotically correct statistical thermodynamic theory\nis used to develop analytic approximations for the single-chain mechanical\nresponse of this model. The accuracy of these approximations is demonstrated\nusing several link potential energy functions. This approach can be applied to\nother single-chain models, and to molecular stretching in general.",
        "positive": "Proportionate growth in patterns formed in the rotor-router model: We study the growing patterns in the rotor-router model formed by adding $N$\nwalkers at the center of a $L \\times L$ two-dimensional square lattice,\nstarting with a periodic background of arrows, and relaxing to a stable\nconfiguration. The pattern is made of large number of triangular regions, where\nin each region all arrows point in the same direction. The square\ncircumscribing the region, where all the arrows have been rotated atleast one\nfull circle, may be considered as made up of smaller squares of different\nsizes, all of which grow linearly with $N$, for $ 1 \\ll N < 2 L$. We use the\nBrooks-Smith-Stone-Tutte theorem relating tilings of squares by smaller squares\nto resistor networks, to determine the exact relative sizes of the different\nelements of the asymptotic pattern. We also determine the scaling limit of the\nfunction describing the variation of number of visits to a site with its\nposition in the pattern. We also present evidence that deviations of the sizes\nof different small squares from the linear growth for finite $N$ are bounded\nand quasiperiodic functions of $N$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fast-mode elimination in stochastic metapopulation models: We investigate the stochastic dynamics of entities which are confined to a\nset of islands, between which they migrate. They are assumed to be one of two\ntypes, and in addition to migration, they also reproduce and die. Systems which\nfall into this class are common in biology and social science, occurring in\necology, population genetics, epidemiology, biochemistry, linguistics, opinion\ndynamics, and other areas. In all these cases the governing equations are\nintractable, consisting as they do of multidimensional Fokker-Planck equations\nor, equivalently, coupled nonlinear stochastic differential equations with\nmultiplicative noise. We develop a methodology which exploits a separation in\ntime scales between fast and slow variables to reduce these equations so that\nthey resemble those for a single island, which are amenable to analysis. The\ntechnique is generally applicable, but we choose to discuss it in the context\nof population genetics, in part because of the extra features that appear due\nto selection. The idea behind the method is simple, its application systematic,\nand the results in very good agreement with simulations of the full model for a\nrange of parameter values.",
        "positive": "Naming Games in Two-Dimensional and Small-World-Connected Random\n  Geometric Networks: We investigate a prototypical agent-based model, the Naming Game, on\ntwo-dimensional random geometric networks. The Naming Game [A. Baronchelli et\nal., J. Stat. Mech.: Theory Exp. (2006) P06014.] is a minimal model, employing\nlocal communications that captures the emergence of shared communication\nschemes (languages) in a population of autonomous semiotic agents. Implementing\nthe Naming Games with local broadcasts on random geometric graphs, serves as a\nmodel for agreement dynamics in large-scale, autonomously operating wireless\nsensor networks. Further, it captures essential features of the scaling\nproperties of the agreement process for spatially-embedded autonomous agents.\nAmong the relevant observables capturing the temporal properties of the\nagreement process, we investigate the cluster-size distribution and the\ndistribution of the agreement times, both exhibiting dynamic scaling. We also\npresent results for the case when a small density of long-range communication\nlinks are added on top of the random geometric graph, resulting in a\n\"small-world\"-like network and yielding a significantly reduced time to reach\nglobal agreement. We construct a finite-size scaling analysis for the agreement\ntimes in this case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Connection between matrix-product states and superposition of Bernoulli\n  shock measures: We consider a generalized coagulation-decoagulation system on a\none-dimensional discrete lattice with reflecting boundaries. It is known that a\nBernoulli shock measure with two shock fronts might have a simple random-walk\ndynamics, provided that some constraints on the microscopic reaction rates of\nthis system are fulfilled. Under these constraints the steady-state of the\nsystem can be written as a linear superposition of such shock measures. We show\nthat the coefficients of this expansion can be calculated using the\nfinite-dimensional representation of the quadratic algebra of the system\nobtained from a matrix-product approach.",
        "positive": "A unified, geometric framework for nonequilibrium protocol optimization: Controlling thermodynamic cycles to minimize the dissipated heat is a\nlongstanding goal in thermodynamics, and more recently, a central challenge in\nstochastic thermodynamics for nanoscale systems. Here, we introduce a\ntheoretical and computational framework for optimizing nonequilibrium control\nprotocols that can transform a system between two distributions in a minimally\ndissipative fashion. These protocols optimally transport a system along paths\nthrough the space of probability distributions that minimize the dissipative\ncost of a transformation. Furthermore, we show that the thermodynamic metric --\ndetermined via a linear response approach -- can be directly derived from the\nsame objective function that is optimized in the optimal transport problem,\nthus providing a unified perspective on thermodynamic geometries. We\ninvestigate this unified geometric framework in two model systems and observe\nthat our procedure for optimizing control protocols is robust beyond linear\nresponse."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Derivation of a statistical model for classical systems obeying\n  fractional exclusion principle: The violation of the Pauli principle has been surmised in several models of\nthe Fractional Exclusion Statistics and successfully applied to several quantum\nsystems. In this paper, a classical alternative of the exclusion statistics is\nstudied using the maximum entropy methods. The difference between the\nBose-Einstein statistics and the Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics is understood in\nterms of a separable quantity, namely the degree of indistinguishability.\nStarting from the usual Maxwell-Boltzmann microstate counting formula, a\nspecial restriction related to the degree of indistinguishability is\nincorporated using Lagrange multipliers to derive the probability distribution\nfunction at equilibrium under NVE conditions. It is found that the resulting\nprobability distribution function generates real positive values within the\npermissible range of parameters. For a dilute system, the probability\ndistribution function is intermediate between the Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein\nstatistics and follows the exclusion principle. Properties of various variables\nof this novel statistical model are studied and possible application to\nclassical thermodynamics is discussed.",
        "positive": "Quasi-exactly solvable Fokker-Planck equations: We consider exact and quasi-exact solvability of the one-dimensional\nFokker-Planck equation based on the connection between the Fokker-Planck\nequation and the Schr\\\"odinger equation. A unified consideration of these two\ntypes of solvability is given from the viewpoint of prepotential together with\nBethe ansatz equations. Quasi-exactly solvable Fokker-Planck equations related\nto the $sl(2)$-based systems in Turbiner's classification are listed. We also\npresent one $sl(2)$-based example which is not listed in Turbiner's scheme."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discrete Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz: We propose discrete TBA equations for models with discrete spectrum. We\nillustrate our construction on the Calogero-Moser model and determine the\ndiscrete 2-body TBA function which yields the exact N-body Calogero-Moser\nthermodynamics. We apply this algorithm to the Lieb-Liniger model in a harmonic\nwell, a model which is relevant for the microscopic description of harmonically\ntrapped Bose-Einstein condensates in one dimension. We find that the discrete\nTBA reproduces correctly the N-body groundstate energy of the Lieb-Liniger\nmodel in a harmonic well at first order in perturbation theory, but corrections\ndo appear at second order.",
        "positive": "Ballistic and superdiffusive scales in macroscopic evolution of a chain\n  of oscillators: We consider a one dimensional infinite acoustic chain of harmonic oscillators\nwhose dynamics is perturbed by a random exchange of velocities, such that the\nenergy and momentum of the chain are conserved. Consequently, the evolution of\nthe system has only three conserved quantities: volume, momentum and energy. We\nshow the existence of two space--time scales on which the en- ergy of the\nsystem evolves. On the hyperbolic scale (t$\\epsilon$--1,x$\\epsilon$--1) the\nlimits of the conserved quantities satisfy a Euler system of equa- tions, while\nthe thermal part of the energy macroscopic profile re- mains stationary.\nThermal energy starts evolving at a longer time scale, corresponding to the\nsuperdiffusive scaling (t$\\epsilon$--3/2, x$\\epsilon$--1) and follows a\nfractional heat equation. We also prove the diffusive scal- ing limit of the\nRiemann invariants - the so called normal modes, corresponding to the linear\nhyperbolic propagation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality aspects of the d=3 random-bond Blume-Capel model: The effects of bond randomness on the universality aspects of the simple\ncubic lattice ferromagnetic Blume-Capel model are discussed. The system is\nstudied numerically in both its first- and second-order phase transition\nregimes by a comprehensive finite-size scaling analysis. We find that our data\nfor the second-order phase transition, emerging under random bonds from the\nsecond-order regime of the pure model, are compatible with the universality\nclass of the 3d random Ising model. Furthermore, we find evidence that, the\nsecond-order transition emerging under bond randomness from the first-order\nregime of the pure model, belongs to a new and distinctive universality class.\nThe first finding reinforces the scenario of a single universality class for\nthe 3d Ising model with the three well-known types of quenched uncorrelated\ndisorder (bond randomness, site- and bond-dilution). The second, amounts to a\nstrong violation of universality principle of critical phenomena. For this case\nof the ex-first-order 3d Blume-Capel model, we find sharp differences from the\ncritical behaviors, emerging under randomness, in the cases of the\nex-first-order transitions of the corresponding weak and strong first-order\ntransitions in the 3d three-state and four-state Potts models.",
        "positive": "Sparse Sampling of Water Density Fluctuations in Interfacial\n  Environments: The free energetics of water density fluctuations near a surface, and the\nrare low-density fluctuations in particular, serve as reliable indicators of\nsurface hydrophobicity; the easier it is to displace the interfacial waters,\nthe more hydrophobic the underlying surface. However, characterizing the free\nenergetics of such rare fluctuations requires computationally expensive,\nnon-Boltzmann sampling methods like umbrella sampling. This inherent\ncomputational expense associated with umbrella sampling makes it challenging to\ninvestigate the role of polarizability or electronic structure effects in\ninfluencing interfacial fluctuations. Importantly, it also limits the size of\nthe volume, which can be used to probe interfacial fluctuations. The latter can\nbe particularly important in characterizing the hydrophobicity of large\nsurfaces with molecular-level heterogeneities, such as those presented by\nproteins. To overcome these challenges, here we present a method for the sparse\nsampling of water density fluctuations, which is roughly two orders of\nmagnitude more efficient than umbrella sampling. We employ thermodynamic\nintegration to estimate the free energy differences between biased ensembles,\nthereby circumventing the umbrella sampling requirement of overlap between\nadjacent biased distributions. Further, a judicious choice of the biasing\npotential allows such free energy differences to be estimated using short\nsimulations, so that the free energetics of water density fluctuations are\nobtained using only a few, short simulations. Leveraging the efficiency of the\nmethod, we characterize water density fluctuations in the entire hydration\nshell of the protein, ubiquitin; a large volume containing an average of more\nthan six hundred waters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Molecular mean field theory for liquid water: Attractive bonding interactions between molecules typically have inherent\nconservation laws which influence the statistical properties of such systems in\nterms of corresponding sum rules. We considered lattice water as an example and\nenunciated the consequences of the sum rule through a general computational\nprocedure called \"Molecular mean field\" theory. Fluctuations about mean field\nare computed and many of the liquid properties have been deduced and compared\nwith Monte Carlo simulation, molecular dynamics and experimental results. Large\ncorrelation lengths are seen to be a consequence of the sum rule in liquid\nphase. Long range Coulomb interactions are shown to have minor effects on our\nresults.",
        "positive": "Solitary waves and supersonic reaction front in metastable solids: Motivated by an increasing number of remarkable experimental observations on\nthe role of pressure and shear stress in solid reactions,explosions and\ndetonations,we present a simple toy model that embodies nonlinear elasticity\nand dispersion as well as chemical or phase transformation.This generalization\nof the Toda Lattice provides an effective model for the description of the\norganization during an abrupt transformation in a solid.One of the challenges\nis to capture both the equilibrium degrees of freedom as well as to quantify\nthe possible role of out-of-equilibrium perturbations.In the Toda Lattice,we\nverify that the particle velocities converge in distribution towards the\nMaxwell-Boltzmann distribution,thus allowing us to define a bona-fide\ntemperature.In addition,the balance between nonlinearity and wave dispersion\nmay create solitary waves that act as energy traps.In the presence of reactive\nchemistry,we show that the trapping of the released chemical energy in solitary\nwaves that are excited by an initial perturbation provides a positive feedback\nthat enhances the reaction rate and leads to supersonic explosion front\npropagation.These modes of rupture observed in our model may provide a\nfirst-order description of ultrafast reactions of heterogeneous mixtures under\nmechanical loading."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anisotropic Heisenberg Model in Thin Film Geometry: The effect of the anisotropy in the exchange interaction on the phase\ndiagrams and magnetization behavior of the Heisenberg thin film has been\ninvestigated with effective field formulation in a two spin cluster using the\ndecoupling approximation. Phase diagrams and magnetization behaviors have been\nobtained for several different cases, by grouping the systems in accordance\nwith, whether the surfaces/interior of the film have anisotropic exchange\ninteraction or not. Particular attention has been paid on the evolution of the\nspecial point coordinate with the anisotropy in the exchange interaction. It\nhas been concluded that for increasing ratio of the anisotropies in the\nexchange interaction between the surface and interior of the film, special\npoint disappears at a special value of this ratio.",
        "positive": "Length and time scale divergences at the magnetization-reversal\n  transition in the Ising model: The divergences of both the length and time scales, at the magnetization-\nreversal transition in Ising model under a pulsed field, have been studied in\nthe linearized limit of the mean field theory. Both length and time scales are\nshown to diverge at the transition point and it has been checked that the\nnature of the time scale divergence agrees well with the result obtained from\nthe numerical solution of the mean field equation of motion. Similar growths in\nlength and time scales are also observed, as one approaches the transition\npoint, using Monte Carlo simulations. However, these are not of the same nature\nas the mean field case. Nucleation theory provides a qualitative argument which\nexplains the nature of the time scale growth. To study the nature of growth of\nthe characteristic length scale, we have looked at the cluster size\ndistribution of the reversed spin domains and defined a pseudo-correlation\nlength which has been observed to grow at the phase boundary of the transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Network inference in the non-equilibrium steady state: Non-equilibrium systems lack an explicit characterisation of their steady\nstate like the Boltzmann distribution for equilibrium systems. This has drastic\nconsequences for the inference of parameters of a model when its dynamics lacks\ndetailed balance. Such non-equilibrium systems occur naturally in applications\nlike neural networks or gene regulatory networks. Here, we focus on the\nparadigmatic asymmetric Ising model and show that we can learn its parameters\nfrom independent samples of the non-equilibrium steady state. We present both\nan exact inference algorithm and a computationally more efficient, approximate\nalgorithm for weak interactions based on a systematic expansion around\nmean-field theory. Obtaining expressions for magnetisations, two- and\nthree-point spin correlations, we establish that these observables are\nsufficient to infer the model parameters. Further, we discuss the symmetries\ncharacterising the different orders of the expansion around the mean field and\nshow how different types of dynamics can be distinguished on the basis of\nsamples from the non-equilibrium steady state.",
        "positive": "Weak additivity principle for current statistics in d-dimensions: The additivity principle (AP) allows to compute the current distribution in\nmany one-dimensional (1d) nonequilibrium systems. Here we extend this\nconjecture to general d-dimensional driven diffusive systems, and validate its\npredictions against both numerical simulations of rare events and microscopic\nexact calculations of three paradigmatic models of diffusive transport in d=2.\nCrucially, the existence of a structured current vector field at the\nfluctuating level, coupled to the local mobility, turns out to be essential to\nunderstand current statistics in d>1. We prove that, when compared to the\nstraightforward extension of the AP to high-d, the so-called weak AP always\nyields a better minimizer of the macroscopic fluctuation theory action for\ncurrent statistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Tensor Network Approach to Finite Markov Decision Processes: Tensor network (TN) techniques - often used in the context of quantum\nmany-body physics - have shown promise as a tool for tackling machine learning\n(ML) problems. The application of TNs to ML, however, has mostly focused on\nsupervised and unsupervised learning. Yet, with their direct connection to\nhidden Markov chains, TNs are also naturally suited to Markov decision\nprocesses (MDPs) which provide the foundation for reinforcement learning (RL).\nHere we introduce a general TN formulation of finite, episodic and discrete\nMDPs. We show how this formulation allows us to exploit algorithms developed\nfor TNs for policy optimisation, the key aim of RL. As an application we\nconsider the issue - formulated as an RL problem - of finding a stochastic\nevolution that satisfies specific dynamical conditions, using the simple\nexample of random walk excursions as an illustration.",
        "positive": "Asymptotic behaviour for critical slowing-down random walks: The jump processes W(t) on [0,\\infty[ with transitions w -> alpha w at rate\nb*w^beta (0 =< alpha =< 1, b>0, beta>0) are considered. Their moments are shown\nto decay not faster than algebraically for t -> \\infty, and an equilibrium\nprobability density is found for a rescaled process U = (t + k)^{-beta} W. A\ncorresponding birth process is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spontaneous and induced dynamic fluctuations in glass-formers I: General\n  results and dependence on ensemble and dynamics: We study theoretically and numerically a family of multi-point dynamic\nsusceptibilities that quantify the strength and characteristic lengthscales of\ndynamic heterogeneities in glass-forming materials. We use general theoretical\narguments (fluctuation-dissipation relations and symmetries of relevant\ndynamical field theories) to relate the sensitivity of averaged two-time\ncorrelators to temperature and density to spontaneous fluctuations of the local\ndynamics. Our theoretical results are then compared to molecular dynamics\nsimulations of the Newtonian, Brownian and Monte-Carlo dynamics of two\nrepresentative glass-forming liquids, a fragile binary Lennard-Jones mixture\nand a model for the strong glass-former silica. We justify in detail the claim\nmade in [Science 310, 1797 (2005)], that the temperature dependence of\ncorrelation functions allows one to extract useful information on dynamic\nlengthscales in glassy systems. We also discuss some subtle issues associated\nto the choice of microscopic dynamics and of statistical ensemble through\nconserved quantities, which are found to play an important role in determining\ndynamic correlations.",
        "positive": "Quasi-diagonal Inhomogeneous Closure for Classical and Quantum\n  Statistical Dynamics: The Quasi-diagonal Direct Interaction Approximation (QDIA) closure equations\nare formulated for inhomogeneous classical and quantum fields interacting\nthrough dynamical equations with quadratic nonlinearity and with first or\nsecond order time derivatives. Associated more complex inhomogeneous DIA and\nSelf-Energy closure equations are expounded as part of the derivation. The QDIA\nemploys a bare vertex approximation and is only a few times more\ncomputationally intensive than the homogeneous DIA. Examples of applications to\nturbulent classical geophysical and Navier Stokes fluids, including\nnon-Gaussian noise, to classical and quantum Klein Gordon equations with g\nphi^3 Lagrangian interaction, and to coupled field-auxiliary field equations\nassociated lambda phi^4 Lagrangian interaction, are presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement and quantum transport in integrable systems: Understanding the entanglement structure of out-of-equilibrium many-body\nsystems is a challenging yet revealing task. Here we investigate the\nentanglement dynamics after a quench from a piecewise homogeneous initial state\nin integrable systems. This is the prototypical setup for studying quantum\ntransport, and it consists in the sudden junction of two macroscopically\ndifferent and homogeneous states. By exploiting the recently developed\nintegrable hydrodynamic approach and the quasiparticle picture for the\nentanglement dynamics, we conjecture a formula for the entanglement production\nrate after joining two semi-infinite reservoirs, as well as the steady-state\nentanglement entropy of a finite subregion. We show that both quantities are\ndetermined by the quasiparticles created in the Non Equilibrium steady State\n(NESS) appearing at large times at the interface between the two reservoirs.\nSpecifically, the steady-state entropy coincides with the thermodynamic entropy\nof the NESS, whereas the entropy production rate reflects its spreading into\nthe bulk of the two reservoirs. Our results are numerically corroborated using\ntime-dependent Density Matrix Renormalization Group (tDMRG) simulations in the\nparadigmatic XXZ spin-1/2 chain.",
        "positive": "Critical Exponents of the 3-dimensional Blume-Capel model on a cellular\n  automaton: The static critical exponents of the three dimensional Blume-Capel model\nwhich has a tricritical point at}$D/J=2.82${\\small value are estimated for the\nstandard and the cooling algorithms which improved from Creutz Cellular\nAutomaton. The analysis of the data using the finite-size scaling and power law\nrelations reproduce their well-established values in the}$D/J<3${\\small and\n}$D/J<2.8${\\small parameter region at standard and cooling algorithm,\nrespectively. For the cooling algorithm at}$D/J=2.8$% {\\small value of\nsingle-ion anisotropy parameter, the static critical exponents are estimated\nas}$\\beta =0.31${\\small ,}$\\gamma =\\gamma ^{\\prime}=1.6${\\small ,}$\\alpha\n=\\alpha ^{\\prime}=0.32${\\small and}$\\nu =0.87$% {\\small . These values are\ndifferent from}$\\beta =0.31${\\small ,}$\\gamma =\\gamma ^{\\prime}=1.25${\\small\n,}$\\alpha =\\alpha ^{\\prime}=0.12${\\small and}$\\nu =0.64${\\small universal\nvalues. This case indicated that the BC model exhibit an ununiversal critical\nbehavior at the}$D/J=2.8${\\small parameter value near the tricrital\npoint(}$D/J=2.82${\\small). The simulations carried out on a simple cubic\nlattice with periodic boundary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation on feature-enriched interconnected systems: Percolation is an emblematic model to assess the robustness of interconnected\nsystems when some of their components are corrupted. It is usually investigated\nin simple scenarios, such as the removal of the system's units in random order,\nor sequentially ordered by specific topological descriptors. However, in the\nvast majority of empirical applications, it is required to dismantle the\nnetwork following more sophisticated protocols, for instance, by combining\ntopological properties and non-topological node metadata. We propose a novel\nmathematical framework to fill this gap: networks are enriched with features\nand their nodes are removed according to the importance in the feature space.\nWe consider features of different nature, from ones related to the network\nconstruction to ones related to dynamical processes such as epidemic spreading.\nOur framework not only provides a natural generalization of percolation but,\nmore importantly, offers an accurate way to test the robustness of networks in\nrealistic scenarios.",
        "positive": "Geometric phases and the magnetization process in quantum\n  antiferromagnets: The physics underlying the magnetization process of quantum antiferromagnets\nis revisited from the viewpoint of geometric phases. A continuum variant of the\nLieb-Schultz-Mattis-type approach to the problem is put forth, where the\ncommensurability condition of Oshikawa {\\it et al} derives from a Berry\nconnection formulation of the system's crystal momentum. %, similar to that\ndeveloped by Haldane for ferromagnets. %Building on the physical picture which\narises, We then go on to formulate an effective field theory which can deal\nwith higher dimensional cases as well. We find that a topological term, whose\nprinciple function is to assign Berry phase factors to space-time vortex\nobjects, ultimately controls the magnetic behavior of the system. We further\nshow how our effective action maps into a ${\\bf Z}_2$ gauge theory under\ncertain conditions, which in turn allows for the occurrence of a fractionalized\nphase with topological order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Understanding the dependence on the pulling speed of the unfolding\n  pathway of proteins: The dependence of the unfolding pathway of proteins on the pulling speed is\ninvestigated. This is done by introducing a simple one-dimensional chain\ncomprising $N$ units, with different characteristic bistable free energies.\nThese units represent either each of the modules in a modular protein or each\nof the intermediate \"unfoldons\" in a protein domain, which can be either folded\nor unfolded. The system is pulled by applying a force to the last unit of the\nchain, and the units unravel following a preferred sequence. We show that the\nunfolding sequence strongly depends on the pulling velocity $v_{p}$. In the\nsimplest situation, there appears a critical pulling speed $v_{c}$: for pulling\nspeeds $v_{p}<v_{c}$, the weakest unit unfolds first, whereas for $v_{p}>v_{c}$\nit is the pulled unit that unfolds first. By means of a perturbative expansion,\nwe find quite an accurate expression for this critical velocity.",
        "positive": "Diffusion and superdiffusion from hydrodynamic projections: Hydrodynamic projections, the projection onto conserved charges representing\nballistic propagation of fluid waves, give exact transport results in many-body\nsystems, such as the exact Drude weights. Focussing one one-dimensional\nsystems, I show that this principle can be extended beyond the Euler scale, in\nparticular to the diffusive and superdiffusive scales. By hydrodynamic\nreduction, Hilbert spaces of observables are constructed that generalise the\nstandard space of conserved densities and describe the finer scales of\nhydrodynamics. The Green-Kubo formula for the Onsager matrix has a natural\nexpression within the diffusive space. This space is associated with\nquadratically extensive charges, and projections onto any such charge give\ngeneric lower bounds for diffusion. In particular, bilinear expressions in\nlinearly extensive charges lead to explicit diffusion lower bounds calculable\nfrom the thermodynamics, and applicable for instance to generic\nmomentum-conserving one-dimensional systems. Bilinear charges are interpreted\nas covariant derivatives on the manifold of maximal entropy states, and\nrepresent the contribution to diffusion from scattering of ballistic waves. An\nanalysis of fractionally extensive charges, combined with clustering properties\nfrom the superdiffusion phenomenology, gives lower bounds for superdiffusion\nexponents. These bounds reproduce the predictions of nonlinear fluctuating\nhydrodynamics, including the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang exponent 2/3 for sound-like\nmodes, the Levy-distribution exponent 3/5 for heat-like modes, and the full\nFibonacci sequence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conformally invariant free parafermionic quantum chains with multispin\n  interactions: We calculated the spectral properties of two related families of\nnon-Hermitian free-particle quantum chains with $N$-multispin interactions\n($N=2,3,\\ldots$). The first family have a $Z(N)$ symmetry and are described by\nfree parafermions. The second one has a $U(1)$ symmetry and are generalizations\nof $XX$ quantum chains described by free fermions. The eigenspectra of both\nfree-particle families are formed by the combination of the same\npseudo-energies. The models have a multicritical point with dynamical critical\nexponent $z=1$. The finite-size behavior of their eigenspectra, as well as the\nentanglement properties of their ground state wave function, indicate the\nmodels are conformally invariant. The models with open and periodic boundary\nconditions show quite distinct physics due to their non-Hermiticity. The models\ndefined with open boundaries have a single conformal invariant phase while the\n$XX$ multispin models show multiple phases with distinct conformal central\ncharges in the periodic case. The critical exponents of the models are\ncalculated for $N=3,4,5$ and $6$.",
        "positive": "Effect of surface anisotropy on the hysteretic properties of a magnetic\n  particle: We study the influence of surface anisotropy on the zero-temperature\nhysteretic properties of a small single-domain magnetic particle, and give an\nestimation of the anisotropy constant for which deviations from the\nStoner-Wohlfarth model are observed. We consider a spherical particle with\nsimple cubic crystalline structure, a uniaxial anisotropy for core spins and\nradial anisotropy on the surface, and compute the hysteresis loop by solving\nthe local Landau-Lifshitz equations for classical spin vectors. We find that\nwhen the surface anisotropy constant is at least of the order of the exchange\ncoupling, large deviations are observed with respect to the Stoner-Wohlfarth\nmodel in the hysteresis loop and thereby the limit-of-metastability curve, due\nto the non-uniform cluster-wise reversal of the magnetisation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Drift- or Fluctuation-Induced Ordering and Self-Organization in Driven\n  Many-Particle Systems: According to empirical observations, some pattern formation phenomena in\ndriven many-particle systems are more pronounced in the presence of a certain\nnoise level. We investigate this phenomenon of fluctuation-driven ordering with\na cellular automaton model of interactive motion in space and find an optimal\nnoise strength, while order breaks down at high(er) fluctuation levels.\nAdditionally, we discuss the phenomenon of noise- and drift-induced\nself-organization in systems that would show disorder in the absence of\nfluctuations. In the future, related studies may have applications to the\ncontrol of many-particle systems such as the efficient separation of particles.\nThe rather general formulation of our model in the spirit of game theory may\nallow to shed some light on several different kinds of noise-induced ordering\nphenomena observed in physical, chemical, biological, and socio-economic\nsystems (e.g., attractive and repulsive agglomeration, or segregation).",
        "positive": "A microscopic model of ballistic-diffusive crossover: Several low-dimensional systems show a crossover from diffusive to ballistic\nheat transport when system size is decreased. Although there is some\nphenomenological understanding of this crossover phenomena in the coarse\ngrained level, a microscopic picture that consistently describes both the\nballistic and the diffusive transport regimes has been lacking. In this work we\nderive a scaling from for the thermal current in a class of one dimensional\nsystems attached to heat baths at boundaries, and show rigorously that the\ncrossover occurs when the characteristic length scale of the system competes\nwith the system size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Temperatures of Hard-Core Boson Model on Square Lattice within\n  Bethe Approximation: The short-range correlations are considered for a two-dimensional hard-core\nboson model on square lattice within Bethe approximation for the clusters\nconsisting of two and four sites. Explicit equations are derived for the\ncritical temperatures of charge and superfluid ordering and their solutions are\nconsidered for various ratios of the charge-charge correlation parameter to the\ntransfer integral. It is shown that taking into account short-range\ncorrelations for the temperatures of charge ordering results in the appearance\nof the critical concentration of bosons, which restricts the existence domain\nof the solutions of charge ordering type. In the case of superfluid ordering\nwith the assumption of short-range correlations, the critical temperature is\nreduced up to zero values at half-filling. A phase diagram of the hard-core\nboson model is constructed with the assumption of phase separation within\nMaxwell's construction and it is shown that taking into account short-range\ncorrelations within Bethe approximation quantitatively approximates the form of\nphase diagram to the results of the quantum Monte Carlo method.",
        "positive": "Quantum phase transitions and ground-state correlations in BCS-like\n  models: We study ground-state correlation functions in one- and two-dimensional\nlattice models of interacting spinful fermions - BCS-like models, which exhibit\ncontinuous quantum phase transitions. The considered models originate from a\ntwo-dimensional model of d-wave superconductivity proposed by Sachdev. Due to\nthe exact diagonalizability of the considered models in any dimensionality,\nexact phase diagrams, with several kinds of quantum-critical points, are\nconstructed and closed-form analytic expressions for two-point correlation\nfunctions are obtained. In one- and two-dimensional cases we provide analytic\nexpressions for the asymptotic behavior of those correlation functions at large\ndistances and in neighborhoods of quantum-critical points. The novelty of our\nresults is that in two-dimensions explicit expressions for direction-dependent\ncorrelation lengths in terms of model parameters and the values of\ndirection-dependent universal critical indices $\\nu$, that characterize the\ndivergence of correlation lengths on approaching critical points, are\ndetermined. Moreover, specific scaling properties of correlation functions with\nrespect to parameters of underlying Hamiltonians are revealed. Besides\nenriching the knowledge of properties of lattice fermion systems exhibiting\ncontinuous quantum phase transitions, especially in two dimensions, our results\nopen new possibilities of testing unconventional methods of studying quantum\nphase transitions, as the promising fidelity approach or the entanglement\napproach, beyond one-dimension and beyond the realm of paradigmatic XY and\nIsing chains in transverse magnetic fields."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Supervised Training of Neural-Network Quantum States for the Next\n  Nearest Neighbor Ising model: Neural networks can be used to represent quantum states. Here we explore and\ncompare different strategies for supervised learning of multilayer perceptrons.\nIn particular, we consider two different loss functions which we refer to as\nmean-squared error and overlap, and we test their performance for the wave\nfunction in different phases of matter. For this, we consider the next-nearest\nneighbor Ising model because its ground state can be in various different\nphases. Of these phases, we focus on the paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and\npair-antiferromagnetic phases, while for the training we study the role of\nbatch size, number of samples, and size of the neural network. We observe that\nthe overlap loss function allows us to train the model better across all\nphases, provided one rescales the neural network.",
        "positive": "Disorder-averaged Binder ratio in site-diluted Heisenberg models: It is demonstrated via a numerical experiment (a Monte Carlo simulation) in\nthe context of three-dimensional site-diluted Heisenberg spin systems that a\nfunctional dependence of the Binder ratio ($V_4$) on the order parameter\ncorrelation length ($\\xi / L$) requires a modification to the usual definition\nof $V_4$ in disordered systems. An appropriate disorder averaging procedure is\nproposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Parallel-tempering cluster algorithm for computer simulations of\n  critical phenomena: In finite-size scaling analyses of Monte Carlo simulations of second-order\nphase transitions one often needs an extended temperature range around the\ncritical point. By combining the parallel tempering algorithm with cluster\nupdates and an adaptive routine to find the temperature window of interest, we\nintroduce a flexible and powerful method for systematic investigations of\ncritical phenomena. As a result, we gain one to two orders of magnitude in the\nperformance for 2D and 3D Ising models in comparison with the recently proposed\nWang-Landau recursion for cluster algorithms based on the multibondic\nalgorithm, which is already a great improvement over the standard\nmulticanonical variant.",
        "positive": "Entropy-Induced Phase Transitions in a Hidden Potts Model: A hidden state in which a spin does not interact with any other spin\ncontributes to the entropy of an interacting spin system. Using the\nGinzburg-Landau formalism in the mean-field limit, we explore the $q$-state\nPotts model with extra $r$ hidden states. We analytically demonstrate that when\n$1 < q \\le 2$, the model exhibits a rich phase diagram comprising a variety of\nphase transitions such as continuous, discontinuous, two types of hybrids, and\ntwo consecutive second- and first-order transitions; moreover, several\ncharacteristics such as critical, critical endpoint, and tricritical point are\nidentified. The critical line and critical end lines merge in a singular form\nat the tricritical point. Those complex critical behaviors are not wholly\ndetected in previous research because the research is implemented only\nnumerically. We microscopically investigate the origin of the discontinuous\ntransition; it is induced by the competition between the interaction and\nentropy of the system in the Ising limit, whereas by the bi-stability of the\nhidden spin states in the percolation limit. Finally, we discuss the potential\napplications of the hidden Potts model to social opinion formation with shy\nvoters and the percolation in interdependent networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of swarms of driven particles: As a rough model for the collective motions of cells and organisms we develop\nhere the statistical mechanics of swarms of self-propelled particles. Our\napproach is closely related to the recently developed theory of active Brownian\nmotion and the theory of canonical-dissipative systems. Free motion and motion\nof a swarms confined in an external field is studied. Briefly the case of\nparticles confined on a ring and interacting by repulsive forces is studied. In\nmore detail we investigate self-confinement by Morse-type attracting forces. We\nbegin with pairs N = 2; the attractors and distribution functions are\ndiscussed, then the case N > 2 is discussed. Simulations for several dynamical\nmodes of swarms of active Brownian particles interacting by Morse forces are\npresented. In particular we study rotations, drift, fluctuations of shape and\ncluster formation.",
        "positive": "A quantum-geometrical description of fracton statistics: We consider the fractal characteristic of the quantum mechanical paths and we\nobtain for any universal class of fractons labeled by the Hausdorff dimension\ndefined within the interval 1$ $$ < $$ $$h$$ $$ <$$ $$ 2$, a fractal\ndistribution function associated with a fractal von Neumann entropy. Fractons\nare charge-flux systems defined in two-dimensional multiply connected space and\nthey carry rational or irrational values of spin. This formulation can be\nconsidered in the context of the fractional quantum Hall effect-FQHE and number\ntheory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical correlations in a Coulomb gas with a test charge: A recent paper [Jokela et al, arxiv:0806.1491 9 June 2008] contains a surmise\nabout an expectation value in a Coulomb gas which interacts with an additional\ncharge xi that sits at a fixed position. Here I demonstrate the validity of the\nsurmised expression and extend it to a certain class of higher cumulants. The\ncalculation is based on the analogy to statistical averages in the circular\nunitary ensemble of random-matrix theory and exploits properties of orthogonal\npolynomials on the unit circle.",
        "positive": "Chaos suppression in the large size limit for long-range systems: We consider the class of long-range Hamiltonian systems first introduced by\nAnteneodo and Tsallis and called the alpha-XY model. This involves N classical\nrotators on a d-dimensional periodic lattice interacting all to all with an\nattractive coupling whose strength decays as r^{-alpha}, r being the distances\nbetween sites. Using a recent geometrical approach, we estimate for any\nd-dimensional lattice the scaling of the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) with N\nas a function of alpha in the large energy regime where rotators behave almost\nfreely. We find that the LLE vanishes as N^{-kappa}, with kappa=1/3 for alpha/d\nbetween 0 and 1/2 and kappa=2/3(1-alpha/d) for alpha/d between 1/2 and 1. These\nanalytical results present a nice agreement with numerical results obtained by\nCampa et al., including deviations at small N."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Models of semiconductor quantum dots blinking based on spectral\n  diffusion: Three models of single colloidal quantum dot emission fluctuations (blinking)\nbased on spectral diffusion were considered analytically and numerically. It\nwas shown that the only one of them, namely the Frantsuzov and Marcus model\nreproduces the key properties of the phenomenon. The other two models, the\nDiffusion-Controlled Electron Transfer (DCET) model and the Extended DCET model\npredict that after an initial blinking period, most of the QDs should become\npermanently bright or permanently dark which is significantly different from\nthe experimentally observed behavior.",
        "positive": "Diffusion on asymmetric fractal networks: We derive a renormalization method to calculate the spectral dimension\n$\\bar{d}$ of deterministic self-similar networks with arbitrary base units and\nbranching constants. The generality of the method allows the affect of a\nmultitude of microstructural details to be quantitatively investigated. In\naddition to providing new models for physical networks, the results allow\nprecise tests of theories of diffusive transport. For example, the properties\nof a class of non-recurrent trees ($\\bar{d}>2$) with asymmetric elements and\nbranching violate the Alexander Orbach scaling law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Directed percolation criticality in turbulent liquid crystals: We experimentally investigate the critical behavior of a phase transition\nbetween two topologically different turbulent states of electrohydrodynamic\nconvection in nematic liquid crystals. The statistical properties of the\nobserved spatiotemporal intermittency regimes are carefully determined,\nyielding a complete set of static critical exponents in full agreement with\nthose defining the directed percolation class in (2+1) dimensions. This\nconstitutes the first clear and comprehensive experimental evidence of an\nabsorbing phase transition in this prominent non-equilibrium universality\nclass.",
        "positive": "Non-sinusoidal current and current reversals in a gating ratchet: In this work, the ratchet dynamics of Brownian particles driven by an\nexternal sinusoidal (harmonic) force is investigated. The gating ratchet effect\nis observed when another harmonic is used to modulate the spatially symmetric\npotential in which the particles move. For small amplitudes of the harmonics,\nit is shown that the current (average velocity) of particles exhibits a\nsinusoidal shape as a function of a precise combination of the phases of both\nharmonics. By increasing the amplitudes of the harmonics beyond the small-limit\nregime, departures from the sinusoidal behavior are observed and current\nreversals can also be induced. These current reversals persist even for the\noverdamped dynamics of the particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic effects at ripple formation processes in anisotropic systems\n  with multiplicative noise: We study pattern formation processes in anisotropic system governed by the\nKuramoto-Sivashinsky equation with multiplicative noise as a generalization of\nthe Bradley-Harper model for ripple formation induced by ion bombardment. For\nboth linear and nonlinear systems we study noise induced effects at ripple\nformation and discuss scaling behavior of the surface growth and roughness\ncharacteristics. It was found that the secondary parameters of the ion beam\n(beam profile and variations of an incidence angle) can crucially change the\ntopology of patterns and the corresponding dynamics.",
        "positive": "Statistical model of a superfluid solid: A microscopic statistical model of a quantum solid is developed, where inside\na crystalline lattice there can exist regions of disorder, such as dislocation\nnetworks or grain boundaries. The cores of these regions of disorder are\nallowed for exhibiting fluid-like properties. If the solid is composed of Bose\natoms, then the fluid-like aggregations inside the regions of disorder can\nexhibit Bose-Einstein condensation and hence superfluidity. The regions of\ndisorder are randomly distributed throughout the sample, so that for describing\nthe overall properties of the solid requires to accomplish averaging over the\ndisordered aggregation configurations. The averaging procedure results in a\nrenormalized Hamiltonian of a solid that can combine the properties of a\ncrystal and superfluidity. The possibility of such a combination depends on the\nsystem parameters. In general, there exists a range of the model parameters\nallowing for the occurrence of superfluidity inside the disordered\naggregations. This microscopic statistical model gives the opportunity to\nanswer which real quantum crystals can exhibit the property of superfluidity\nand which cannot."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Splitting the voter criticality: Recently some two-dimensional models with double symmetric absorbing states\nwere shown to share the same critical behaviour that was called the voter\nuniversality class. We show, that for an absorbing-states Potts model with\nfinite but further than nearest neighbour range of interactions the critical\npoint is splitted into two critical points: one of the Ising type, and the\nother of the directed percolation universality class. Similar splitting takes\nplace in the three-dimensional nearest-neighbour model.",
        "positive": "Hysteresis Behaviors of the Binary Ising Model: Hysteresis behaviors of the binary alloy system represented by the formula\n$A_c B_{1-c}$ have been investigated within the framework of EFT. The system\nconsists of type A atoms (spin-$1$) with concentration $c$ and type B atoms\n(spin-$1/2$) with concentration $1-c$. After giving the phase diagrams, we\nfocused on the different type of hysteresis behaviors in the system.\nEspecially, the mechanisms giving rise to double hysteresis behavior have been\nexplained, which appear at large negative values of the crystal field and low\ntemperatures. It has been observed that binary alloy system could exhibit DH\nbehavior in region $0<c<0.557$. Besides, dependence of hysteresis loop area,\ncoercive field and remanent magnetization on the concentration has been\ninvestigated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Game-theoretical approach to minimum entropy productions in information\n  thermodynamics: In a situation where each player has control over the transition\nprobabilities of each subsystem, we game-theoretically analyze the optimization\nproblem of minimizing both the partial entropy production of each subsystem and\na penalty for failing to achieve a given state transition. In the regime of\nlinear irreversible thermodynamics, we obtain the Nash equilibrium solution of\nthe probability flow and calculate each partial entropy production for this\nsolution. We find a trade-off such that a partial entropy production should be\nlarger if we want the other partial entropy production to be smaller. The total\nentropy production can be minimized if each subsystem equally shares the\npenalty. We identify that this trade-off is due to the interacting contribution\nof the probability flow and discuss a possible biological validity for\nEscherichia coli chemotaxis.",
        "positive": "Time-Energy Uncertainty Principle for Irreversible Heat Engines: Even though irreversibility is one of the major hallmarks of any real life\nprocess, an actual understanding of irreversible processes remains still mostly\nsemiempirical. In this paper we formulate a thermodynamic uncertainty principle\nfor irreversible heat engines operating with an ideal gas as a working medium.\nIn particular, we show that the time needed to run through such an irreversible\ncycle multiplied by the irreversible work lost in the cycle, is bounded from\nbelow by an irreducible and process-dependent constant that has the dimension\nof an action. The constant in question depends on a typical scale of the\nprocess and becomes comparable to Planck's constant at the length scale of the\norder Bohr-radius, i.e., the scale that corresponds to the smallest distance on\nwhich the ideal gas paradigm realistically applies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hyperbolic Model Reduction for Kinetic Equations: We make a brief historical review to the moment model reduction to the\nkinetic equations, particularly the Grad's moment method for Boltzmann\nequation. The focus is on the hyperbolicity of the reduced model, which is\nessential to the existence of its classical solution as a Cauchy problem. The\ntheory of the framework we developed in last years is then introduced, which\nmay preserve the hyperbolic nature of the kinetic equations with high\nuniversality. Some lastest progress on the comparison between models\nwith/without hyperbolicity is presented to validate the hyperbolic moment\nmodels for rarefied gases.",
        "positive": "Electrical conductance of a 2D packing of metallic beads under thermal\n  perturbation: Electrical conductivity measurements on a 2D packing of metallic beads have\nbeen performed to study internal rearrangements in weakly pertubed granular\nmaterials. Small thermal perturbations lead to large non gaussian conductance\nfluctuations. These fluctuations are found to be intermittent and gathered in\nbursts. The distributions of the waiting time between to peaks is found to be a\npower law inside bursts. The exponent is independent of the bead network, the\nintensity of the perturbation and external stress. these bursts are interpreted\nas the signature of individual bead creep rather than collective vaults\nreorganisations. We propose a simple model linking the exponent of the waiting\ntime distribution to the roughness exponent of the surface of the beads."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization group treatment of rigidity percolation: Renormalization group calculations are used to give exact solutions for\nrigidity percolation on hierarchical lattices. Algebraic scaling\ntransformations for a simple example in two dimensions produce a transition of\nsecond order, with an unstable critical point and associated scaling laws.\nValues are provided for the order parameter exponent $\\beta = 0.0775$\nassociated with the spanning rigid cluster and also for $d \\nu = 3.533$ which\nis associated with an anomalous lattice dimension $d$ and the divergence in the\ncorrelation length near the transition. In addition we argue that the number of\nfloppy modes $F$ plays the role of a free energy and hence find the exponent\n$\\alpha$ and establish hyperscaling. The exact analytical procedures\ndemonstrated on the chosen example readily generalize to wider classes of\nhierarchical lattice.",
        "positive": "Spin-Glass Attractor on Tridimensional Hierarchical Lattices in the\n  Presence of an External Magnetic Field: A nearest-neighbor-interaction Ising spin glass, in the presence of an\nexternal magnetic field, is studied on different hierarchical lattices that\napproach the cubic lattice. The magnetic field is considered as uniform, or\nrandom (following either a bimodal or a Gaussian probability distribution). In\nall cases, a spin-glass attractor is found, in the plane magnetic field versus\ntemperature, associated with a low-temperature phase. The physical consequences\nof this attractor are discussed, in view of the present scenario of the\nspin-glass problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Many-Body localization transition in the Hilbert space: In this paper we propose a new perspective to analyze the many-body\nlocalization (MBL) transition when recast in terms of a single-particle\ntight-binding model in the space of many-body configurations. We compute the\ndistribution of tunneling rates between many-body states separated by an\nextensive number of spin flips at the lowest order in perturbation theory\nstarting from the insulator, and determine the scaling of their typical\namplitude with the number of accessible states in the Hilbert space. By using\nan analogy with the Rosenzweig-Porter random matrix ensemble, we propose an\nergodicity breaking criterion for the MBL transition based on the Fermi Golden\nRule. According to this criterion, in the MBL phase many resonances are formed\nat large distance from an infinite temperature initial state, but they are not\nenough for the quantum dynamics to decorrelate from it in a finite time. This\nimplies that, differently from Anderson localized states, in the insulating\nphase many-body eigenstates are multifractal in the Hilbert space, as they\noccupy a large but subexponential part of the total volume, in agreement with\nrecent numerical results, perturbative calculations, and intuitive arguments.\nPossible limitations and implications of our interpretation are discussed in\nthe conclusions.",
        "positive": "\"Gibbsian\" Approach to Statistical Mechanics yielding Power Law\n  Distributions: Gibbsian statistical mechanics is extended into the domain of non-negligible\n{though non-specified} correlations in phase space while respecting the\nfundamental laws of thermodynamics. The appropriate Gibbsian probability\ndistribution is derived and the physical temperature identified. Consistent\nexpressions for the canonical partition function are given. In a first\napplication, the corresponding Boltzmann, Fermi and Bose-Einstein distributions\nare obtained. It is shown that the latter lose their typical quantum\nproperties, i.e. the degenerate Fermi state and Bose-Einstein condensation.\nThese distributions apply only to states at finite temperature with\ncorrelations. As a by-product these results \\emph{exclude any negative absolute\ntemperatures} also in the Boltzmann limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement hamiltonian and entanglement contour in inhomogeneous 1D\n  critical systems: Inhomogeneous quantum critical systems in one spatial dimension have been\nstudied by using conformal field theory in static curved backgrounds. Two\ninteresting examples are the free fermion gas in the harmonic trap and the\ninhomogeneous XX spin chain called rainbow chain. For conformal field theories\ndefined on static curved spacetimes characterised by a metric which is Weyl\nequivalent to the flat metric, with the Weyl factor depending only on the\nspatial coordinate, we study the entanglement hamiltonian and the entanglement\nspectrum of an interval adjacent to the boundary of a segment where the same\nboundary condition is imposed at the endpoints. A contour function for the\nentanglement entropies corresponding to this configuration is also considered,\nbeing closely related to the entanglement hamiltonian. The analytic expressions\nobtained by considering the curved spacetime which characterises the rainbow\nmodel have been checked against numerical data for the rainbow chain, finding\nan excellent agreement.",
        "positive": "Out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the XY spin chain from form factor\n  expansion: We consider the XY spin chain with arbitrary time-dependent magnetic field\nand anisotropy. We argue that a certain subclass of Gaussian states, called\nCoherent Ensemble (CE) following [1], provides a natural and unified framework\nfor out-of-equilibrium physics in this model. We show that $all$ correlation\nfunctions in the CE can be computed using form factor expansion and expressed\nin terms of Fredholm determinants. In particular, we present exact\nout-of-equilibrium expressions in the thermodynamic limit for the previously\nunknown order parameter one-point function, dynamical two-point function and\nequal-time three-point function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Statistical Mechanics Approach to Describe Cell Re-orientation under\n  Stretch: Experiments show that when a monolayer of cells cultured on an elastic\nsubstrate is subject to a cyclic stretch, cells tend to re-orient either\nperpendicularly or at an oblique angle with respect to the main direction of\nthe stretch. Due to stochastic effects, however, the distribution of angles\nachieved by the cells is broader and, experimentally, histrograms over the\ninterval [0, 90] are reported. Here we will determine the evolution and the\nstationary state of probability density functions describing the statistical\ndistribution of the orientations of the cells using Fokker-Planck equations\nderived from microscopic rules for the evolution of the orientation of the\ncell. As a first attempt, we shall use a stochastic differential equation\nrelated to a very general elastic energy and we will show that the results of\nthe time integration and of the stationary state of the related forward\nFokker-Planck equation compare very well with experimental results obtained by\ndifferent researchers. Then, in order to model more accurately the microscopic\nprocess of cell re-orientation, we consider discrete in time random processes\nthat allow to recover Fokker- Planck equations through the well known technique\nof quasi-invariant limit. In particular, we shall introduce a non-local rule\nrelated to the evaluation of the state of stress experienced by the cell\nextending its protrusions, and a model of re-orientation as a result of an\noptimal control internally activated by the cell. Also in the latter case the\nresults match very well with experiments.",
        "positive": "One or two small points in thermodynamics: I present my recollections of what I used to find to be \"one or two small\npoints in thermodynamics\", following Sommerfeld's famous quote, and review them\non the light of present knowledge."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Even-visiting random walks: exact and asymptotic results in one\n  dimension: We reconsider the problem of even-visiting random walks in one dimension.\nThis problem is mapped onto a non-Hermitian Anderson model with binary\ndisorder. We develop very efficient numerical tools to enumerate and\ncharacterize even-visiting walks. The number of closed walks is obtained as an\nexact integer up to 1828 steps, i.e., some $10^{535}$ walks. On the analytical\nside, the concepts and techniques of one-dimensional disordered systems allow\nto obtain explicit asymptotic estimates for the number of closed walks of $4k$\nsteps up to an absolute prefactor of order unity, which is determined\nnumerically. All the cumulants of the maximum height reached by such walks are\nshown to grow as $k^{1/3}$, with exactly known prefactors. These results\nillustrate the tight relationship between even-visiting walks, trapping models,\nand the Lifshitz tails of disordered electron or phonon spectra.",
        "positive": "Time to reach the maximum for a random acceleration process: We study the random acceleration model, which is perhaps one of the simplest,\nyet nontrivial, non-Markov stochastic processes, and is key to many\napplications. For this non-Markov process, we present exact analytical results\nfor the probability density $p(t_m|T)$ of the time $t_m$ at which the process\nreaches its maximum, within a fixed time interval $[0,T]$. We study two\ndifferent boundary conditions, which correspond to the process representing\nrespectively (i) the integral of a Brownian bridge and (ii) the integral of a\nfree Brownian motion. Our analytical results are also verified by numerical\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal equilibrium of a macroscopic quantum system in a pure state: We consider the notion of thermal equilibrium for an individual closed\nmacroscopic quantum system in a pure state, i.e., described by a wave function.\nThe macroscopic properties in thermal equilibrium of such a system, determined\nby its wave function, must be the same as those obtained from thermodynamics,\ne.g., spatial uniformity of temperature and chemical potential. When this is\ntrue we say that the system is in macroscopic thermal equilibrium (MATE). Such\na system may however not be in microscopic thermal equilibrium (MITE). The\nlatter requires that the reduced density matrices of small subsystems be close\nto those obtained from the microcanonical, equivalently the canonical, ensemble\nfor the whole system. The distinction between MITE and MATE is particularly\nrelevant for systems with many-body localization (MBL) for which the energy\neigenfunctions fail to be in MITE while necessarily most of them, but not all,\nare in MATE. We note however that for generic macroscopic systems, including\nthose with MBL, most wave functions in an energy shell are in both MATE and\nMITE. For a classical macroscopic system, MATE holds for most phase points on\nthe energy surface, but MITE fails to hold for any phase point.",
        "positive": "Universal scaling for recovery of Fourier's law in low-dimensional\n  solids under momentum conservation: Dynamic renormalization group (RG) of fluctuating viscoelastic equations is\ninvestigated to clarify the cause for numerically reported disappearance of\nanomalous heat conduction (recovery of Fourier's law) in low-dimensional\nmomentum-conserving systems. RG flow is obtained explicitly for simplified two\nmodel cases: a one-dimensional continuous medium under low pressure and\nincompressible viscoelastic medium of arbitrary dimensions. Analyses of these\nclarify that the inviscid fixed point of contributing the anomalous heat\nconduction becomes unstable under the RG flow of nonzero elastic-wave speeds.\nThe dynamic RG analysis further predicts a universal scaling of describing the\ncrossover between the growth and saturation of observed heat conductivity,\nwhich is confirmed through the numerical experiments of Fermi-Pasta-Ulam\n$\\beta$ (FPU-$\\beta$) lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Calculation of Correlation Functions in Terms of Fluctuation Relation: We derive a relation similar to the fluctuation theorem for work done on a\nsystem obeying Langevin dynamics with thermal and colored noises. Then, we\npropose a method of calculating the correlation function of the colored noise\nby using this fluctuation relation.",
        "positive": "Escherlike quasiperiodic heterostructures: We propose quasiperiodic heterostructures associated with the tessellations\nof the unit disk by regular hyperbolic triangles. We present explicit\nconstruction rules and explore some of the properties exhibited by these\ngeometric-based systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatial correlations in sheared isothermal liquids : From elastic\n  particles to granular particles: Spatial correlations for sheared isothermal elastic liquids and granular\nliquids are theoretically investigated. Using the generalized fluctuating\nhydrodynamics, correlation functions for both the microscopic scale and the\nmacroscopic scale are obtained. The existence of the long-range correlation\nfunctions obeying power laws has been confirmed. The validity of our\ntheoretical predictions have been verified from the molecular dynamics\nsimulation.",
        "positive": "Role of boundary conditions in the full counting statistics of\n  topological defects after crossing a continuous phase transition: In a scenario of spontaneous symmetry breaking in finite time, topological\ndefects are generated at a density that scale with the driving time according\nto the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM). Signatures of universality beyond the KZM\nhave recently been unveiled: The number distribution of topological defects has\nbeen shown to follow a binomial distribution, in which all cumulants inherit\nthe universal power-law scaling with the quench rate, with cumulant rations\nbeing constant. In this work, we analyze the role of boundary conditions in the\nstatistics of topological defects. In particular, we consider a lattice system\nwith nearest-neighbor interactions subject to soft anti-periodic, open, and\nperiodic boundary conditions implemented by an energy penalty term. We show\nthat for fast and moderate quenches, the cumulants of the kink number\ndistribution present a universal scaling with the quench rate that is\nindependent of the boundary conditions except by an additive term, that becomes\nprominent in the limit of slow quenches, leading to the breaking of power-law\nbehavior. We test our theoretical predictions with a one-dimensional scalar\ntheory on a lattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium steady states of stochastic processes with intermittent\n  resetting: Stochastic processes that are randomly reset to an initial condition serve as\na showcase to investigate non-equilibrium steady states. However, all existing\nresults have been restricted to the special case of memoryless resetting\nprotocols. Here, we obtain the general solution for the distribution of\nprocesses in which waiting times between reset events are drawn from an\narbitrary distribution. This allows for the investigation of a broader class of\nmuch more realistic processes. As an example, our results are applied to the\nanalysis of the efficiency of constrained random search processes.",
        "positive": "Slow relaxation, dynamic transitions and extreme value statistics in\n  disordered systems: We show that the dynamics of simple disordered models, like the directed Trap\nModel and the Random Energy Model, takes place at a coexistence point between\nactive and inactive dynamical phases. We relate the presence of a dynamic phase\ntransition in these models to the extreme value statistics of the associated\nrandom energy landscape."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Negativity spectrum of one-dimensional conformal field theories: The partial transpose $\\rho_A^{T_2}$ of the reduced density matrix $\\rho_A$\nis the key object to quantify the entanglement in mixed states, in particular\nthrough the presence of negative eigenvalues in its spectrum. Here we derive\nanalytically the distribution of the eigenvalues of $\\rho_A^{T_2}$, that we dub\nnegativity spectrum, in the ground sate of gapless one-dimensional systems\ndescribed by a Conformal Field Theory (CFT), focusing on the case of two\nadjacent intervals. We show that the negativity spectrum is universal and\ndepends only on the central charge of the CFT, similarly to the entanglement\nspectrum. The precise form of the negativity spectrum depends on whether the\ntwo intervals are in a pure or mixed state, and in both cases, a dependence on\nthe sign of the eigenvalues is found. This dependence is weak for bulk\neigenvalues, whereas it is strong at the spectrum edges. We also investigate\nthe scaling of the smallest (negative) and largest (positive) eigenvalues of\n$\\rho_A^{T_2}$. We check our results against DMRG simulations for the critical\nIsing and Heisenberg chains, and against exact results for the harmonic chain,\nfinding good agreement for the spectrum, but showing that the smallest\neigenvalue is affected by very large scaling corrections.",
        "positive": "Kibble-Zurek mechanism of Ising domains: The formation of topological defects after a symmetry-breaking phase\ntransition is an overarching phenomenon that encodes rich information about the\nunderlying dynamics. Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM), which describes these\nnonequilibrium dynamics, predicts defect densities of these second-order phase\ntransitions driven by thermal fluctuations. It has been verified as a\nsuccessful model in a wide variety of physical systems, finding applications\nfrom structure formation in the early universe to condensed matter systems.\nHowever, whether topologically-trivial Ising domains, one of the most common\nand fundamental types of domains in condensed matter systems, also obey the KZM\nhas never been investigated in the laboratory. We examined two different kinds\nof three-dimensional (3D) structural Ising domains: clockwise\n(CW)/counter-clockwise (CCW) ferro-rotation domains in NiTiO3 and up/down polar\ndomains in BiTeI. While the KZM slope of ferro-rotation domains in NiTiO3\nagrees well with the prediction of the 3D Ising model, the KZM slope of polar\ndomains in BiTeI surprisingly far exceeds the theoretical limit, setting an\nexotic example where possible weak long-range dipolar interactions play a\ncritical role in steepening the KZM slope of non-topological quantities. Our\nresults demonstrate the validity of KZM for Ising domains and reveal an\nenhancement of the power-law exponent and a possible reduction of the dynamic\ncritical exponent z for transitions with long-range interactions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bulk-mediated surface diffusion on a cylinder: propagators and\n  crossovers: We consider the effective surface motion of a particle that freely diffuses\nin the bulk and intermittently binds to that surface. From an exact approach we\nderive various regimes of the effective surface motion characterized by\nphysical rates for binding/unbinding and the bulk diffusivity. We obtain a\ntransient regime of superdiffusion and, in particular, a saturation regime\ncharacteristic for the cylindrical geometry. This saturation, however, in a\nfinite system is not terminal but eventually turns over to normal surface\ndiffusion. The first passage behavior of particles to the cylinder surface is\nderived. Consequences for actual systems are discussed.",
        "positive": "Singularities of transient processes in dynamics and beyond: This note is a brief review of the analysis of long transients in dynamical\nsystems. The problem of long transients arose in many disciplines, from\nphysical and chemical kinetic to biology and even social sciences. Detailed\nanalysis of singularities of various `relaxation times' associated long\ntransients with bifurcations of $\\omega$-limit sets, homoclinic structures\n(intersections of $\\alpha$- and $\\omega$-limit sets) and other peculiarities of\ndynamics. This review was stimulated by the analysis of anomalously long\ntransients in ecology published recently by A. Morozov and S. Petrovskii with\nco-authors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local Temperatures Out of Equilibrium: The temperature of a physical system is operationally defined in physics as\n\"that quantity which is measured by a thermometer\" weakly coupled to, and at\nequilibrium with the system. This definition is unique only at global\nequilibrium in view of the zeroth law of thermodynamics: when the system and\nthe thermometer have reached equilibrium, the \"thermometer degrees of freedom\"\ncan be traced out and the temperature read by the thermometer can be uniquely\nassigned to the system. Unfortunately, such a procedure cannot be\nstraightforwardly extended to a system out of equilibrium, where local\nexcitations may be spatially inhomogeneous and the zeroth law of thermodynamics\ndoes not hold. With the advent of several experimental techniques that attempt\nto extract a single parameter characterizing the degree of local excitations of\na (mesoscopic or nanoscale) system out of equilibrium, this issue is making a\nstrong comeback to the forefront of research. In this paper, we will review the\ndifficulties to define a unique temperature out of equilibrium, the majority of\ndefinitions that have been proposed so far, and discuss both their advantages\nand limitations. We will then examine a variety of experimental techniques\ndeveloped for measuring the non-equilibrium local temperatures under various\nconditions. Finally we will discuss the physical implications of the notion of\nlocal temperature, and present the practical applications of such a concept in\na variety of nanosystems out of equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Quantum and Classical Lyapunov Exponents in Atom-Field Interaction\n  Systems: The exponential growth of the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) has been\nproposed as a quantum signature of classical chaos. The growth rate is expected\nto coincide with the classical Lyapunov exponent. This quantum-classical\ncorrespondence has been corroborated for the kicked rotor and the stadium\nbilliard, which are one-body chaotic systems. The conjecture has not yet been\nvalidated for realistic systems with interactions. We make progress in this\ndirection by studying the OTOC in the Dicke model, where two-level atoms\ncooperatively interact with a quantized radiation field. For parameters where\nthe model is chaotic in the classical limit, the OTOC increases exponentially\nin time with a rate that closely follows the classical Lyapunov exponent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Broadening of a nonequilibrium phase transition by extended structural\n  defects: We study the effects of quenched extended impurities on nonequilibrium phase\ntransitions in the directed percolation universality class. We show that these\nimpurities have a dramatic effect: they completely destroy the sharp phase\ntransition by smearing. This is caused by rare strongly coupled spatial regions\nwhich can undergo the phase transition independently from the bulk system. We\nuse extremal statistics to determine the stationary state as well as the\ndynamics in the tail of the smeared transition, and we illustrate the results\nby computer simulations.",
        "positive": "Continuous-time random walk with a superheavy-tailed distribution of\n  waiting times: We study the long-time behavior of the probability density associated with\nthe decoupled continuous-time random walk which is characterized by a\nsuperheavy-tailed distribution of waiting times. It is shown that if the random\nwalk is unbiased (biased) and the jump distribution has a finite second moment\nthen the properly scaled probability density converges in the long-time limit\nto a symmetric two-sided (an asymmetric one-sided) exponential density. The\nconvergence occurs in such a way that all the moments of the probability\ndensity grow slower than any power of time. As a consequence, the reference\nrandom walk can be viewed as a generic model of superslow diffusion. A few\nexamples of superheavy-tailed distributions of waiting times that give rise to\nqualitatively different laws of superslow diffusion are considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maxwell Equations and Irreversibility: Two questions connected to the macroscopic Maxwell equations are addressed:\nFirst, which form do they assume in the hydrodynamic regime, for low\nfrequencies, strong dissipation and arbitrary field strengths. Second, what\ndoes this tell us about irreversibility and coarse-grained description.",
        "positive": "The Tangent Space to the Manifold of Critical Classical Hamiltonians\n  Representable by Tensor Networks: We introduce a scheme to perform Monte Carlo Renormalization Group with the\ncoupling constants of the system Hamiltonian encoded in a tensor network. With\nthis scheme we compute the tangent space to the manifold of the critical\nHamiltonians representable by a tensor network at the nearest-neighbor critical\ncoupling for three models: the two and three dimensional Ising models and the\ntwo dimensional three-state Potts model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Out of Time Ordered Quantum Dissipation: We consider a quantum Brownian particle interacting with two harmonic baths,\nwhich is then perturbed by a cubic coupling linking the particle and the baths.\nThis cubic coupling induces non-linear dissipation and noise terms in the\ninfluence functional/master equation of the particle. Its effect on the\nOut-of-Time-Ordered Correlators (OTOCs) of the particle cannot be captured by\nthe conventional Feynman-Vernon formalism.We derive the generalised influence\nfunctional which correctly encodes the physics of OTO fluctuations, response,\ndissipation and decoherence. We examine an example where Markovian\napproximation is valid for the OTO dynamics. If the original cubic coupling has\na definite time-reversal parity, the leading order OTO influence functional is\ncompletely determined by the couplings in the usual master equation via OTO\ngeneralisation of Onsager-Casimir relations. New OTO fluctuation-dissipation\nrelations connect the non-Gaussianity of the thermal noise to the thermal\njitter in the damping constant of the Brownian particle.",
        "positive": "Relativity, nonextensivity, and extended power law distributions: A proof of the relativistic $H$-theorem by including nonextensive effects is\ngiven. As it happens in the nonrelativistic limit, the molecular chaos\nhypothesis advanced by Boltzmann does not remain valid, and the second law of\nthermodynamics combined with a duality transformation implies that the\nq-parameter lies on the interval [0,2]. It is also proved that the collisional\nequilibrium states (null entropy source term) are described by the relativistic\n$q$-power law extension of the exponential Juttner distribution which reduces,\nin the nonrelativistic domain, to the Tsallis power law function. As a simple\nillustration of the basic approach, we derive the relativistic nonextensive\nequilibrium distribution for a dilute charged gas under the action of an\nelectromagnetic field $F^{{\\mu\\nu}}$. Such results reduce to the standard ones\nin the extensive limit, thereby showing that the nonextensive entropic\nframework can be harmonized with the space-time ideas contained in the special\nrelativity theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropic Distance for Nonlinear Master Equation: More and more works deal with statistical systems far from equilibrium,\ndominated by unidirectional stochastic processes augmented by rare resets. We\nanalyze the construction of the entropic distance measure appropriate for such\ndynamics. We demonstrate that a power-like nonlinearity in the state\nprobability in the master equation naturally leads to the Tsallis\n(Havrda-Charv\\'at, Acz\\'el-Dar\\'oczy) q-entropy formula in the context of\nseeking for the maximal entropy state at stationarity. A few possible\napplications of a certain simple and linear master equation to phenomena\nstudied in statistical physics are listed at the end.",
        "positive": "Ageing phenomena without detailed balance: the contact process: The long-time dynamics of the 1D contact process suddenly brought out of an\nuncorrelated initial state is studied through a light-cone transfer-matrix\nrenormalisation group approach. At criticality, the system undergoes ageing\nwhich is characterised through the dynamical scaling of the two-times\nautocorrelation and autoresponse functions. The observed non-equality of the\nageing exponents a and b excludes the possibility of a finite\nfluctuation-dissipation ratio in the ageing regime. The scaling form of the\ncritical autoresponse function is in agreement with the prediction of local\nscale-invariance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytic solutions of the 1D finite coupling delta function Bose gas: An intensive study for both the weak coupling and strong coupling limits of\nthe ground state properties of this classic system is presented. Detailed\nresults for specific values of finite $N$ are given and from them results for\ngeneral $N$ are determined. We focus on the density matrix and concomitantly\nits Fourier transform, the occupation numbers, along with the pair correlation\nfunction and concomitantly its Fourier transform, the structure factor. These\nare the signature quantities of the Bose gas. One specific result is that for\nweak coupling a rational polynomial structure holds despite the transcendental\nnature of the Bethe equations. All these new results are predicated on the\nBethe ansatz and are built upon the seminal works of the past.",
        "positive": "Stiffening Transition in Vicinal Surfaces with Adsorption: We study the vicinal surface with adsorption below the roughening\ntemperature, using the restricted solid-on-solid model coupled with the Ising\nmodel. We calculate the step tension $\\gamma$ and the step-interaction\ncoefficient $B$ by employing a variant of the density matrix algorithm. We find\na ``stiffening transition'' at a temperature $T_{\\rm s}$ where $B$ vanishes. At\n$T_{\\rm s}$ surface free energy has the form $f(p)- f(0)= \\gamma p +\n({const.})p^5 + ...$ ($p$: surface gradient), which differs from the well-known\n$p$-$p^3$ form."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-Size Scaling of the High-Dimensional Ising Model in the Loop\n  Representation: Besides its original spin representation, the Ising model is known to have\nthe Fortuin-Kasteleyn (FK) bond and loop representations, of which the former\nwas recently shown to exhibit two upper critical dimensions $(d_c=4,d_p=6)$.\nUsing a lifted worm algorithm, we determine the critical coupling as $K_c =\n0.077\\,708\\,91(4)$ for $d=7$, which significantly improves over the previous\nresults, and then study critical geometric properties of the loop-Ising\nclusters on tori for spatial dimensions $d=5$ to 7. We show that, as the spin\nrepresentation, the loop Ising model has only one upper critical dimension at\n$d_c=4$. However, sophisticated finite-size scaling (FSS) behaviors, like two\nlength scales, two configuration sectors and two scaling windows, still exist\nas the interplay effect of the Gaussian fixed point and complete-graph\nasymptotics. Moreover, using the Loop-Cluster algorithm, we provide an\nintuitive understanding of the emergence of the percolation-like upper critical\ndimension $d_p=6$ in the FK-Ising model. As a consequence, a unified physical\npicture is established for the FSS behaviors in all the three representations\nof the Ising model above $d_c=4$.",
        "positive": "Which is the temperature of granular systems? A mean field model of free\n  cooling inelastic mixtures: We consider a mean field model describing the free cooling process of a two\ncomponent granular mixture, a generalization of so called Maxwell model. The\ncooling is viewed as an ordering process and the scaling behavior is attributed\nto the presence of an attractive fixed point at $v=0$ for the dynamics. By\nmeans of asymptotic analysis of the Boltzmann equation and of numerical\nsimulations we get the following results: 1)we establish the existence of two\ndifferent partial granular temperatures, one for each component, which violates\nthe Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics; 2) we obtain the scaling form of the two\ndistribution functions; 3) we prove the existence of a continuous spectrum of\nexponents characterizing the inverse-power law decay of the tails of the\nvelocity, which generalizes the previously reported value 4 for the pure model;\n4) we find that the exponents depend on the composition, masses and restitution\ncoefficients of the mixture; 5) we also remark that the reported distributions\nrepresent a dynamical realization of those predicted by the Non Extensive\nStatistical Mechanics, in spite of the fact that ours stem from a purely\ndynamical approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A microscopic perspective on stochastic thermodynamics: We consider stochastic thermodynamics as a theory of statistical inference\nfor experimentally observed fluctuating time-series. To that end, we introduce\na general framework for quantifying the knowledge about the dynamical state of\nthe system on two scales: a fine-grained or microscopic, deterministic and a\ncoarse-grained or mesoscopic, stochastic level of description. For a generic\nmodel dynamics, we show how the mathematical expressions for fluctuating\nentropy changes used in Markovian stochastic thermodynamics emerge naturally.\nOur ideas are conceptional approaches towards (i) connecting entropy production\nand its fluctuation relations in deterministic and stochastic systems and (ii)\nproviding a complementary information-theoretic picture to notions of entropy\nand entropy production in stochastic thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "A Unified View of Transport Equations: Distribution functions of many static transport equations are found using the\nMaximum Entropy Principle. The equations of constraint which contain the\nrelevant dynamical information are simply the low-lying moments of the\ndistributions. Systems subject to conservative forces have also been\nconsidered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian forces in sheared granular matter: We present results from a series of experiments on a granular medium sheared\nin a Couette geometry and show that their statistical properties can be\ncomputed in a quantitative way from the assumption that the resultant from the\nset of forces acting in the system performs a Brownian motion. The same\nassumption has been utilised, with success, to describe other phenomena, such\nas the Barkhausen effect in ferromagnets, and so the scheme suggests itself as\na more general description of a wider class of driven instabilities.",
        "positive": "Covariant perturbation expansion of off-diagonal heat kernel: Covariant perturbation expansion is an important method in quantum field\ntheory. In this paper an expansion up to arbitrary order for off-diagonal heat\nkernels in flat space based on the covariant perturbation expansion is given.\nIn literature, only diagonal heat kernels are calculated based on the covariant\nperturbation expansion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unicyclic Components in Random Graphs: The distribution of unicyclic components in a random graph is obtained\nanalytically. The number of unicyclic components of a given size approaches a\nself-similar form in the vicinity of the gelation transition. At the gelation\npoint, this distribution decays algebraically, U_k ~ 1/(4k) for k>>1. As a\nresult, the total number of unicyclic components grows logarithmically with the\nsystem size.",
        "positive": "Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors: Uncovering Research Themes with\n  Unsupervised Machine Learning: Identification of important topics in a text can facilitate knowledge\ncuration, discover thematic trends, and predict future directions. In this\npaper, we aim to quantitatively detect the most common research themes in the\nemerging supercapacitor research area, and summarize their trends and\ncharacteristics through the proposed unsupervised, machine learning approach.\nWe have retrieved the complete reference entries of article abstracts from\nScopus database for all original research articles from 2004 to 2021. Abstracts\nwere processed through a natural language processing pipeline and analyzed by a\nlatent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling algorithm for unsupervised topic\ndiscovery. Nine major topics were further examined through topic-word\nassociations, Inter-topic distance map and topic-specific word cloud. We\nobserved the greatest importance is being given to performance metrics (28.2%),\nflexible electronics (8%), and graphene-based nanocomposites (10.9%). The\nanalysis also points out crucial future research directions towards bio-derived\ncarbon nanomaterials (such as RGO) and flexible supercapacitors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium Entropy in an Extended State Space: This chapter deals with our recent attempt to extend the notion of\nequilibrium (EQ) entropy to nonequilibrium (NEQ) systems so that it can also\ncapture memory effects. This is done by enlarging the equilibrium state space\nby introducing internal variables. These variables capture the irreversibility\ndue to internal processes. By a proper choice of the enlarged state space, the\nentropy becomes a state function, which shares many properties of the EQ\nentropy, except for a nonzero irreversible entropy generation. We give both a\nthermodynamic and statistical extension of the entropy and prove their\nequivalence in all cases by taking an appropriate state space. This provides a\ngeneral nonnegative statistical expression of the entropy for any situation. We\nuse the statistical formulation to prove the second law. We give several\nexamples to determine the required internal variables, which we then apply to\nseveral cases of interest to calculate the entropy generation. We also provide\na possible explanation for why the entropy in the classical continuum 1-d Tonks\ngas can become negative by considering a lattice model for which the entropy is\nalways nonnegative.",
        "positive": "Quantifying configurational information for a stochastic particle in a\n  flow-field: Flow-fields are ubiquitous systems that are able to transport vital\nsignalling molecules necessary for system function. While information regarding\nthe location and transport of such particles is often crucial, it is not\nwell-understood how to quantify the information in such stochastic systems.\nUsing the framework of nonequilibrium statistical physics, we develop\ntheoretical tools to address this question. We observe that rotation in a\nflow-field does not explicitly appear in the generalized potential that governs\nthe rate of system entropy production. Specifically, in the neighborhood of a\nflow-field, rotation contributes to the information content only in the\npresence of strain -- and then with a comparatively weaker contribution than\nstrain and at higher orders in time. Indeed, strain and especially the flow\ndivergence, contribute most strongly to transport properties such as particle\nresidence time and the rate of information change. These results shed light on\nhow information can be analyzed and controlled in complex artificial and living\nflow-based systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A column of grains in the jamming limit: glassy dynamics in the\n  compaction process: We investigate a stochastic model describing a column of grains in the\njamming limit, in the presence of a low vibrational intensity. The key control\nparameter of the model, $\\epsilon$, is a representation of granular shape,\nrelated to the reduced void space. Regularity and irregularity in grain shapes,\nrespectively corresponding to rational and irrational values of $\\epsilon$, are\nshown to be centrally important in determining the statics and dynamics of the\ncompaction process.",
        "positive": "Thermal diffusion of sine-Gordon solitons: We analyze the diffusive motion of kink solitons governed by the thermal\nsine-Gordon equation. We analytically calculate the correlation function of the\nposition of the kink center as well as the diffusion coefficient, both up to\nsecond-order in temperature. We find that the kink behavior is very similar to\nthat obtained in the overdamped limit: There is a quadratic dependence on\ntemperature in the diffusion coefficient that comes from the interaction among\nthe kink and phonons, and the average value of the wave function increases with\n$\\sqrt{t}$ due to the variance of the centers of individual realizations and\nnot due to kink distortions. These analytical results are fully confirmed by\nnumerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Nyquist Temperature Fluctuations: We consider the temperature fluctuations of a small object. Classical\nfluctuations of the temperature have been considered for a long time. Using the\nNyquist approach, we show that the temperature of an object fluctuates when in\na thermal contact with a reservoir. For large temperatures or large specific\nheat of the object $C_v$, we recover standard results of classical\nthermodynamic fluctuations $<\\Delta T^2> = \\frac{k_B T^2}{C_v}$. Upon\ndecreasing the size of the object, we argue, one necessarily reaches the\nquantum regime that we call quantum temperature fluctuations. At temperatures\nbelow $T^{*}\\sim \\hbar/k_{B}\\tau$, where $\\tau$ is the thermal relaxation time\nof the system, the fluctuations change the character and become quantum. For a\nnano-scale metallic particle in a good thermal contact with a reservoir,\n$T^{*}$ can be on a scale of a few Kelvin.",
        "positive": "Is subdiffusional transport slower than normal?: We consider anomalous non-Markovian transport of Brownian particles in\nviscoelastic fluid-like media with very large but finite macroscopic viscosity\nunder the influence of a constant force field F. The viscoelastic properties of\nthe medium are characterized by a power-law viscoelastic memory kernel which\nultra slow decays in time on the time scale \\tau of strong viscoelastic\ncorrelations. The subdiffusive transport regime emerges transiently for t<\\tau.\nHowever, the transport becomes asymptotically normal for t>>\\tau. It is shown\nthat even though transiently the mean displacement and the variance both scale\nsublinearly, i.e. anomalously slow, in time, <\\delta x(t)> ~ F t^\\alpha,\n<\\delta x^2(t)> ~ t^\\alpha, 0<\\alpha<1, the mean displacement at each instant\nof time is nevertheless always larger than one obtained for normal transport in\na purely viscous medium with the same macroscopic viscosity obtained in the\nMarkovian approximation. This can have profound implications for the\nsubdiffusive transport in biological cells as the notion of \"ultra-slowness\"\ncan be misleading in the context of anomalous diffusion-limited transport and\nreaction processes occurring on nano- and mesoscales."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional dynamics from the ordinary Langevin equation: We consider the usual Langevin equation depending on an internal time. This\nparameter is substituted by a first passage time of a self-similar Markov\nprocess. Then the Gaussian process is parent, and the hitting time process is\ndirecting. The probability to find the resulting process at the real time is\ndefined by the integral relationship between the probability densities of the\nparent and directing processes. The corresponding master equation becomes the\nfractional Fokker-Planck equation. We show that the resulting process has\nnon-Markovian properties, all its moments are finite, the\nfluctuation-dissipation relation and the H-theorem hold.",
        "positive": "SOC computer simulations: The following chapter provides an overview of the techniques used to\nunderstand Self-Organised Criticality (SOC) by performing computer simulations.\nThose are of particular significance in SOC, given its very paradigm, the BTW\n(Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld) sandpile, was introduced on the basis of a process that\nis conveniently implemented as a computer program. The chapter is divided into\nthree sections: In the first section a number of key concepts are introduced,\nfollowed by four brief presentations of SOC models which are most commonly\ninvestigated or which have played an important part in the development of the\nfield as a whole. The second section is concerned with the basics of scaling\nwith particular emphasis of its role in numerical models of SOC, introducing a\nnumber of basic tools for data analysis such as binning, moment analysis and\nerror estimation. The third section is devoted to numerical methods and\nalgorithms as applied to SOC models, addressing typical computational questions\nwith the particular application of SOC in mind. The present chapter is rather\ntechnical, but hands-on at the same time, providing practical advice and even\ncode snippets (in C) wherever possible."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion entropy and waiting time statistics of hard x-ray solar flares: We analyze the waiting time distribution of time distances $\\tau$ between two\nnearest-neighbor flares. This analysis is based on the joint use of two\ndistinct techniques. The first is the direct evaluation of the distribution\nfunction $\\psi(\\tau)$, or of the probability, $\\Psi(tau)$, that no time\ndistance smaller than a given $\\tau$ is found. We adopt the paradigm of the\ninverse power law behavior, and we focus on the determination of the inverse\npower index $\\mu$, without ruling out different asymptotic properties that\nmight be revealed, at larger scales, with the help of richer statistics. The\nsecond technique, called Diffusion Entropy (DE) method, rests on the evaluation\nof the entropy of the diffusion process generated by the time series. The\ndetails of the diffusion process depend on three different walking rules, which\ndetermine the form and the time duration of the transition to the scaling\nregime, as well as the scaling parameter $\\delta$. With the first two rules the\ninformation contained in the time series is transmitted, to a great extent, to\nthe transition, as well as to the scaling regime. The same information is\nessentially conveyed, by using the third rules, into the scaling regime, which,\nin fact, emerges very quickly after a fast transition process. We show that the\nsignificant information hidden within the time series concerns memory induced\nby the solar cycle, as well as the power index $\\mu$. The scaling parameter\n$\\delta$ becomes a simple function of $\\mu$, when memory is annihilated. Thus,\nthe three walking rules yield a unique and precise value of $\\mu$ if the memory\nis wisely taken under control, or cancelled by shuffling the data. All this\nmakes compelling the conclusion that $\\mu = 2.138 \\pm 0.01$.",
        "positive": "Geometric entanglement from matrix product state representations: An efficient scheme to compute the geometric entanglement per lattice site\nfor quantum many-body systems on a periodic finite-size chain is proposed in\nthe context of a tensor network algorithm based on the matrix product state\nrepresentations. It is systematically tested for three prototypical critical\nquantum spin chains, which belong to the same Ising universality class. The\nsimulation results lend strong support to the previous claim [Q.-Q. Shi, R.\nOr\\'{u}s, J. O. Fj{\\ae}restad, and H.-Q. Zhou, New J. Phys \\textbf{12}, 025008\n(2010); J.-M. St\\'{e}phan, G. Misguich, and F. Alet, Phys. Rev. B \\textbf{82},\n180406R (2010)] that the leading finite-size correction to the geometric\nentanglement per lattice site is universal, with its remarkable connection to\nthe celebrated Affleck-Ludwig boundary entropy corresponding to a conformally\ninvariant boundary condition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady Periodic Shear Flow is Stable in Two Space Dimensions .\n  Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics vs Navier-Stokes-Fourier Stability Theory\n  -- A Comment on two Arxiv Contributions: Dufty, Lee, Lutsko, Montanero, and Santos have carried out stability analyses\nof steady stationary shear flows. Their approach is based on the compressible\nand heat conducting Navier-Stokes-Fourier model. It predicts the unstable\nexponential growth of long-wavelength transverse perturbations for both two-\nand three-dimensional fluids. We point out that the patently-stable\ntwo-dimensional periodic shear flows studied earlier by Petravic, Posch, and\nourselves contradict these predicted instabilities. The stable steady-state\nshear flows are based on nonequilibrium molecular dynamics with simple\nthermostats maintaining nonequilibrium stationary states in two space\ndimensions. The failure of the stability analyses remains unexplained.",
        "positive": "Non-monotonic dependence on disorder in biased diffusion on small-world\n  networks: We report numerical simulations of a strongly biased diffusion process on a\none-dimensional substrate with directed shortcuts between randomly chosen\nsites, i.e. with a small-world-like structure. We find that, unlike many other\ndynamical phenomena on small-world networks, this process exhibits\nnon-monotonic dependence on the density of shortcuts. Specifically, the\ndiffusion time over a finite length is maximal at an intermediate density. This\ndensity scales with the length in a nontrivial manner, approaching zero as the\nlength grows. Longer diffusion times for intermediate shortcut densities can be\nascribed to the formation of cyclic paths where the diffusion process becomes\noccasionally trapped."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the continuum limit of the entanglement Hamiltonian: We consider the entanglement Hamiltonian for an interval in a chain of free\nfermions in its ground state and show that the lattice expression goes over\ninto the conformal one if one includes the hopping to distant neighbours in the\ncontinuum limit. For an infinite chain, this can be done analytically for\narbitrary fillings and is shown to be the consequence of the particular\nstructure of the entanglement Hamiltonian, while for finite rings or\ntemperatures the result is based on numerical calculations.",
        "positive": "Canonical Nonlinearity for Coupled Linear Systems: For classical discrete system under constant composition, typically reffered\nto as substitutional alloys, correspondence between interatomic many-body\ninteractions and structure in thermodynamic equilibrium exhibit profound,\ncomplicated nonlinearity (canonical nonlinearity). Our recent studies clarify\nthat the nonlinearity can be reasonablly described both by specially-introduced\nvector field on configuration space and by corresponding diverngence on\nstatistical manifold. While these studies shown that the correlation between\nvector field and local contribution to the divergence can be well characterized\nby coordination number for a set of selected structural degree of freedoms\n(SDFs), it is unclear whether the correlations between different set of SDFs\npurely comes from the difference in covariance matrix of CDOS (determined by\ncoordination number) or additional information such as the shape of CP should\nbe further required. To clarify the problem, we here propose simplified model\nof the so-called Coupled Linear System (CLS), which consists of the m-mixture\nof the configurational density of states for linear systems. We demonstrate\nthat the CLS can reasonablly capture the changes in the local nonlinearity\nw.r.t. the changes in coordination number. Through the dynamic mode\ndecomposition on CLS, we elucidate that there exists two dominant modes to\ncapture the changes in the nonlinearity, where the one uniformly evolves from\nrandom to ordered configuration, and the another individually evolves around\nrandom, partially ordered and ordered configuration."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density dynamics from current auto-correlations at finite time- and\n  length-scales: We consider the increase of the spatial variance of some inhomogeneous,\nnon-equilibrium density (particles, energy, etc.) in a periodic quantum system\nof condensed matter-type. This is done for a certain class of initial quantum\nstates which is supported by static linear response and typicality arguments.\nWe directly relate the broadening to some current auto-correlation function at\nfinite times. Our result is not limited to diffusive behavior, however, in that\ncase it yields a generalized Einstein relation. These findings facilitate the\napproximation of diffusion constants/conductivities on the basis of current\nauto-correlation functions at finite times for finite systems. Pursuing this,\nwe quantitatively confirm the magnetization diffusion constant in a spin chain\nwhich was recently found from non-equilibrium bath scenarios.",
        "positive": "Two-point correlation functions of the diffusion-limited annihilation in\n  one dimension: Two-point density-density correlation functions for the diffusive binary\nreaction system $A+A\\to\\emptyset$ are obtained in one dimension via Monte Carlo\nsimulation. The long-time behavior of these correlation functions clearly\ndeviates from that of a recent analytical prediction of Bares and Mobilia\n[Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 83}, 5214 (1999)]. An alternative expression for the\nasymptotic behavior is conjectured from numerical data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Semi-Markov Algorithm for Continuous Time Random Walk Limit\n  Distributions: The Semi-Markov property of Continuous Time Random Walks (CTRWs) and their\nlimit processes is utilized, and the probability distributions of the bivariate\nMarkov process $(X(t),V(t))$ are calculated: $X(t)$ is a CTRW limit and $V(t)$\na process tracking the age, i.e. the time since the last jump. For a given CTRW\nlimit process $X(t)$, a sequence of discrete CTRWs in discrete time is given\nwhich converges to $X(t)$ (weakly in the Skorokhod topology). Master equations\nfor the discrete CTRWs are implemented numerically, thus approximating the\ndistribution of $X(t)$. A consequence of the derived algorithm is that any\ndistribution of initial age can be assumed as an initial condition for the CTRW\nlimit dynamics. Four examples with different temporal scaling are discussed:\nsubdiffusion, tempered subdiffusion, the fractal mobile/immobile model and the\ntempered fractal mobile/immobile model.",
        "positive": "Renormalization of cellular automata and self-similarity: We study self-similarity in one-dimensional probabilistic cellular automata\n(PCA) using the renormalization technique. We introduce a general framework for\nalgebraic construction of renormalization groups (RG) on cellular automata and\napply it to exhaustively search the rule space for automata displaying dynamic\ncriticality. Previous studies have shown that there exists several exactly\nrenormalizable deterministic automata. We show that the RG fixed points for\nsuch self-similar CA are unstable in all directions under renormalization. This\nimplies that the large scale structure of self-similar deterministic elementary\ncellular automata is destroyed by any finite error probability. As a second\nresult we show that the only non-trivial critical PCA are the different\nversions of the well-studied phenomenon of directed percolation. We discuss how\nthe second result supports a conjecture regarding the universality class for\ndynamic criticality defined by directed percolation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variational bounds for the shear viscosity of gelling melts: We study shear stress relaxation for a gelling melt of randomly crosslinked,\ninteracting monomers. We derive a lower bound for the static shear viscosity\n$\\eta$, which implies that it diverges algebraically with a critical exponent\n$k\\ge 2\\nu-\\beta$. Here, $\\nu$ and $\\beta$ are the critical exponents of\npercolation theory for the correlation length and the gel fraction. In\nparticular, the divergence is stronger than in the Rouse model, proving the\nrelevance of excluded-volume interactions for the dynamic critical behaviour at\nthe gel transition. Precisely at the critical point, our exact results imply a\nMark-Houwink relation for the shear viscosity of isolated clusters of fixed\nsize.",
        "positive": "Inevitable irreversibility in a quantum system consisting of many\n  non-interacting ``small'' pieces: We review the recent result of Sato, Sekimoto, Hondou, and Takagi\n(cond-mat/0008393) on the irreversibility inevitably observed in systems\nconsisting of many non-interacting ``small'' pieces. We focus on quantum\nmodels, and supply an explicit lower bound for the work required to complete a\ncyclic process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strongly anisotropic roughness in surfaces driven by an oblique particle\n  flux: Using field theoretic renormalization, an MBE-type growth process with an\nobliquely incident influx of atoms is examined. The projection of the beam on\nthe substrate plane selects a \"parallel\" direction, with rotational invariance\nrestricted to the transverse directions. Depending on the behavior of an\neffective anisotropic surface tension, a line of second order transitions is\nidentified, as well as a line of potentially first order transitions, joined by\na multicritical point. Near the second order transitions and the multicritical\npoint, the surface roughness is strongly anisotropic. Four different roughness\nexponents are introduced and computed, describing the surface in different\ndirections, in real or momentum space. The results presented challenge an\nearlier study of the multicritical point.",
        "positive": "The nonequilibrium evolution near the phase boundary: Using the single-spin flipping dynamics, we study the nonequilibrium\nevolution near the entire phase boundary of the 3D Ising model, and find that\nthe average of relaxation time (RT) near the first-order phase transition line\n(1st-PTL) is significantly larger than that near the critical point (CP). As\nthe system size increases, the average of RT near the 1st-PTL increases at a\nhigher power compared to that near the CP. We further show that RT near the\n1st-PTL is not only non-self-averaging, but actually self-diverging: relative\nvariance of RT increases with system size. The presence of coexisting and\nmetastable states results in a substantial increase in randomness near the\n1st-PTL, and therefore makes the equilibrium more difficult to achieve."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Composite operators of stochastic model A: By means of the field-theoretic renormalization group, we study the damping\nof the viscosity coefficient near the superfluid phase transition. We utilize\nthe fact that in the infrared region, the complex model used to describe the\nphase transition belongs to the same universality class as the well-known\nstochastic model A. This allows us a determination of the critical behavior of\nviscosity using composite operators for model A. Our analysis is based on the\n$\\varepsilon$-expansion near the upper critical dimension $d_c = 4$ of model A.\nThe critical exponent of viscosity is then calculated from the critical\ndimensions of composite operators of massless two-component model A. In\nparticular, we present results for critical dimensions of a selected class of\ncomposite operators with the canonical dimension $8$ to the leading order.",
        "positive": "Force correlations in the q-model for general q-distributions: We study force correlations in the q-model for granular media at infinite\ndepth, for general q-distributions. We show that there are no 2-point force\ncorrelations as long as q-values at different sites are uncorrelated. However,\nhigher order correlations can persist, and if they do, they only decay with a\npower of the distance. Furthermore, we find the entire set of q-distributions\nfor which the force distribution factorizes. It includes distributions ranging\nfrom infinitely sharp to almost critical. Finally, we show that 2-point force\ncorrelations do appear whenever there are correlations between q-values at\ndifferent sites in a layer; various cases are evaluated explicitly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inequality of avalanche sizes in models of fracture: Prediction of an imminent catastrophic event in a driven disordered system is\nof paramount importance - from the laboratory scale controlled fracture\nexperiment to the largest scale of mechanical failure i.e., earthquakes. It has\nbeen long conjectured that the statistical regularities in the energy emission\ntime series mirrors the \"health\" of such driven systems and hence have the\npotential for forecasting imminent catastrophe. Among other statistical\nregularities, a measure of how unequal the avalanche sizes are, is potentially\na crucial indicator of imminent failure. The inequalities of avalanche sizes\nare quantified using inequality indices traditionally used in socio-economic\nsystems: the Gini index (g), the Hirsch index (h) and the Kolkata index (k). It\nis then shown analytically (for mean field) and numerically (for non mean\nfield) in models of quasi-brittle materials that the indices show universal\nbehavior near the breaking points in such models and hence could serve as\nindicators of imminent breakdown of stressed disordered systems.",
        "positive": "A Concept of Linear Thermal Circulator Based on Coriolis forces: We show that the presence of a Coriolis force in a rotating linear lattice\nimposes a non-reciprocal propagation of the phononic heat carriers. Using this\neffect we propose the concept of Coriolis linear thermal circulator which can\ncontrol the circulation of a heat current. A simple model of three coupled\nharmonic masses on a rotating platform allow us to demonstrate giant\ncirculating rectification effects for moderate values of the angular velocities\nof the platform."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Is the Percolation Probability on $\\mathbb{Z}^d$ with Long Range\n  Connections Monotone?: We present a numerical study for the threshold percolation probability,\n$p_c$, in the bond percolation model with multiple ranges, in the square\nlattice. A recent Theorem demonstrated by de Lima {\\it et al.} [B. N. B. de\nLima, R. P. Sanchis, R. W. C. Silva, STOCHASTIC PROC APPL {\\bf 121}, 2043-2048\n(2011)] states that the limit value of $p_c$ when the long ranges go to\ninfinity converges to the bond percolation threshold in the hypercubic lattice,\n$\\mathbb{Z}^d$, for some appropriate dimension $d$. We present the first\nnumerical estimations for the percolation threshold considering two-range and\nthree-range versions of the model. Applying a finite size analysis to the\nsimulation data, we sketch the dependence of $p_c$ in function of the range of\nthe largest bond. We shown that, for the two-range model, the percolation\nthreshold is a non decreasing function, as conjectured in the cited work, and\nconverges to the predicted value. However, the results to the three-range case\nexhibit a surprising non-monotonic behavior for specific combinations of the\nlong range lengths, and the convergence to the predicted value is less evident,\nraising new questionings on this fascinating problem.",
        "positive": "Quantum Discord in a spin-1/2 transverse XY Chain Following a Quench: We report a study on the zero-temperature quantum discord as a measure of\ntwo-spin correlation of a transverse XY spin chain following a quench across a\nquantum critical point and investigate the behavior of mutual information,\nclassical correlations and hence of discord in the final state as a function of\nthe rate of quenching. We show that though discord vanishes in the limit of\nvery slow as well as very fast quenching, it exhibits a peak for an\nintermediate value of the quenching rate. We show that though discord and also\nthe mutual information exhibit a similar behavior with respect to the quenching\nrate to that of concurrence or negativity following an identical quenching,\nthere are quantitative differences. Our studies indicate that like concurrence,\ndiscord also exhibits a power law scaling with the rate of quenching in the\nlimit of slow quenching though it may not be expressible in a closed power law\nform. We also explore the behavior of discord on quenching linearly across a\nquantum multicritical point (MCP) and observe a scaling similar to that of the\ndefect density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise Induced Switching and Extinction in Systems with Delay: We consider the rates of noise-induced switching between the stable states of\ndissipative dynamical systems with delay and also the rates of noise-induced\nextinction, where such systems model population dynamics. We study a class of\nsystems where the evolution depends on the dynamical variables at a preceding\ntime with a fixed time delay, which we call hard delay. For weak noise, the\nrates of inter-attractor switching and extinction are exponentially small.\nFinding these rates to logarithmic accuracy is reduced to variational problems.\nThe solutions of the variational problems give the most probable paths followed\nin switching or extinction. We show that the equations for the most probable\npaths are acausal and formulate the appropriate boundary conditions. Explicit\ngeneral results are obtained for small delay compared to the relaxation rate.\nWe also develop a direct variational method to find the rates. We find that the\nanalytical results agree well with the numerical simulations for both switching\nand extinction rates.",
        "positive": "Maxwell's Demon walks into Wall Street: Stochastic Thermodynamics meets\n  Expected Utility Theory: The interplay between thermodynamics and information theory has a long\nhistory, but its quantitative manifestations are still being explored. We\nimport tools from expected utility theory from economics into stochastic\nthermodynamics. We prove that, in a process obeying Crooks' fluctuation\nrelations, every $\\alpha$ R\\'enyi divergence between the forward process and\nits reverse has the operational meaning of the ``certainty equivalent'' of\ndissipated work (or, more generally, of entropy production) for a player with\nrisk aversion $r=\\alpha-1$. The two known cases $\\alpha=1$ and $\\alpha=\\infty$\nare recovered and receive the new interpretation of being associated to a\nrisk-neutral and an extreme risk-averse player respectively. Among the new\nresults, the condition for $\\alpha=0$ describes the behavior of a risk-seeking\nplayer willing to bet on the transient violations of the second law. Our\napproach further leads to a generalized Jarzynski equality, and generalizes to\na broader class of statistical divergences."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum diffusion in biased washboard potentials: strong friction limit: Diffusive transport properties of a quantum Brownian particle moving in a\ntilted spatially periodic potential and strongly interacting with a thermostat\nare explored. Apart from the average stationary velocity, we foremost\ninvestigate the diffusive behavior by evaluating the effective diffusion\ncoefficient together with the corresponding Peclet number. Corrections due to\nquantum effects, such as quantum tunneling and quantum fluctuations, are shown\nto substantially enhance the effectiveness of diffusive transport if only the\nthermostat temperature resides within an appropriate interval of intermediate\nvalues.",
        "positive": "Scaling limit of the one-dimensional attractive Hubbard model: The\n  half-filled band case: The scaling limit of the higher level Bethe Ansatz (HLBA) equations for a\nmacroscopically half-filled Hubbard chain is considered. These equations\npractically decouple into three disjoint sets which are again of the BA type,\nand correspond to the secular equations of three different kinds of dressed\nparticles (one massive and two massless). The finite size corrections and the\nfine structure of the spectrum show that the massless sector corresponds to a\nconformal field with central charge c=1 and Gaussian anomalous dimensions. The\nzero temperature free energy is also calculated and is found to be in perfect\nagreement with the results of a perturbative calculation in the SU(2) chiral\nGross-Neveu (CGN) model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random sequential adsorption of polydisperse mixtures on lattices: Random sequential adsorption of linear and square particles with excluded\nvolume interaction is studied numerically on planar lattices considering\nGaussian distributions of lateral sizes of the incident particles, with several\nvalues of the average and of the width-to-average ratio $w$. When the coverage\nis plotted as function of the logarithm of time $t$, the maximum slope is\nattained at a time $t_M$ of the same order of the time $\\tau$ of incidence of\none monolayer, which is related to the molecular flux and/or sticking\ncoefficients. For various values of the average $\\mu$ and $w$, we obtain\n$1.5\\tau < t_M < 5\\tau$ for linear particles and $.3\\tau< t_M < \\tau$ for\nsquare particles. At $t_M$, the coverages with linear and square particles are\nnear .3 and .2, respectively. Extrapolations show that coverages may vary with\n$\\mu$ up to 20% and 2% for linear and square particles, respectively, for\n$\\mu\\ge 64$, fixed time, and constant $w$. All coverage $\\theta$ versus $\\log\nt$ plots have approximately the same shape, but other quantities measured at\ntimes of order $t_M$ help to distinguish narrow and broad incident\ndistributions. The adsorbed particle size distributions are close to the\nincident ones up to long times for small $w$, but appreciably change in time\nfor larger $w$, acquiring a monotonically decreasing shape for $w = 1/2$ at\ntimes of order $100\\tau$ . At $t_M$, incident and adsorbed distributions are\napproximately the same for $w \\le 1/8$ and show significant differences for $w\n\\ge 1/2$; this result may be used as a consistency test in applications of the\nmodel. The pair correlation function $g (r; t)$ for $w = 1/8$ has a well\ndefined oscillatory structure at $10t_M$, with a minimum at $r\\approx\\mu$ and\nmaximum at $r \\approx 1.5\\mu$, but this structure is not observed for $w \\ge\n1/4$.",
        "positive": "Harmonic Measure for Percolation and Ising Clusters Including Rare\n  Events: We obtain the harmonic measure of the hulls of critical percolation clusters\nand Ising-model Fortuin-Kastelyn clusters using a biased random-walk sampling\ntechnique which allows us to measure probabilities as small as 10^{-300}. We\nfind the multifractal D(q) spectrum including regions of small and negative q.\nOur results for external hulls agree with Duplantier's theoretical predictions\nfor D(q) and his exponent -23/24 for the harmonic measure probability\ndistribution. For the complete hull, we find the probability decays with an\nexponent of -1 for both systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Frustration from Simultaneous Updating in Sznajd Consensus Model: In the Sznajd model of 2000, a pair of neighbouring agents on a square\nlattice convinces its six neighbours of the pair opinion iff the two agents of\nthe pair share the same opinion. Now we replace the usual random sequential\nupdating rule by simultaneous updating and find that this change makes a\ncomplete consenus much more difficult. The larger the lattice is, the higher\nmust be the initial majority for one of the two competing opinions to become\nthe consensus.",
        "positive": "Fermionic quantum cellular automata and generalized matrix product\n  unitaries: We study matrix product unitary operators (MPUs) for fermionic\none-dimensional (1D) chains. In stark contrast with the case of 1D qudit\nsystems, we show that (i) fermionic MPUs do not necessarily feature a strict\ncausal cone and (ii) not all fermionic Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) can be\nrepresented as fermionic MPUs. We then introduce a natural generalization of\nthe latter, obtained by allowing for an additional operator acting on their\nauxiliary space. We characterize a family of such generalized MPUs that are\nlocality-preserving, and show that, up to appending inert ancillary fermionic\ndegrees of freedom, any representative of this family is a fermionic QCA and\nviceversa. Finally, we prove an index theorem for generalized MPUs, recovering\nthe recently derived classification of fermionic QCA in one dimension. As a\ntechnical tool for our analysis, we also introduce a graded canonical form for\nfermionic matrix product states, proving its uniqueness up to similarity\ntransformations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The effect of quenched disorder in neutral theories: We study systems with two symmetric absorbing states, such as the voter model\nand variations of it, which have been broadly used as minimal neutral models in\ngenetics, population ecology, sociology, etc. We analyze the effects of a key\ningredient ineluctably present in most real applications: random-field-like\nquenched disorder. In accord with simulations and previous findings,\ncoexistence between the two competing states/opinions turns out to be strongly\nfavored by disorder in the standard voter model; actually, a disorder-induced\nphase transition is generated for any finite system size in the presence of an\narbitrary small spontaneous-inversion rate (preventing absorbing states from\nbeing stable). For non-linear versions of the voter model a general theory (by\nAlHammal et al.) explains that the spontaneous breaking of the up/down symmetry\nand an absorbing state phase transition can occur either together or\nseparately, giving raise to two different scenarios. Here, we show that he\npresence of quenched disorder in non-linear voter models does not allow the\nseparation of the up-down (Ising-like) symmetry breaking from the\nactive-to-absorbing phase transition in low-dimensional systems: both phenomena\ncan occur only simultaneously, as a consequence of the well-known Imry-Ma\nargument generalized to these non-equilibrium problems. When the two phenomena\noccur at unison, resulting into a genuinely non-equilibrium (\"Generalized\nVoter\") transition, the Imry-Ma argument is violated and the symmetry can be\nspontaneously broken even in low dimensions.",
        "positive": "The law of action and reaction for the effective force in a\n  nonequilibrium colloidal system: We study a nonequilibrium Langevin many-body system containing two 'test'\nparticles and many 'background' particles. The test particles are spatially\nconfined by a harmonic potential, and the background particles are driven by an\nexternal driving force. Employing numerical simulations of the model, we\nformulate an effective description of the two test particles in a\nnonequilibrium steady state. In particular, we investigate several different\ndefinitions of the effective force acting between the test particles. We find\nthat the law of action and reaction does not hold for the total mechanical\nforce exerted by the background particles, but that it does hold for the\nthermodynamic force defined operationally on the basis of an idea used to\nextend the first law of thermodynamics to nonequilibrium steady states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal linear Glauber model: Contrary to the actual nonlinear Glauber model (NLGM), the linear Glauber\nmodel (LGM) is exactly solvable, although the detailed balance condition is not\ngenerally satisfied. This motivates us to address the issue of writing the\ntransition rate ($w_j$) in a best possible linear form such that the mean\nsquared error in satisfying the detailed balance condition is least. The\nadvantage of this work is that, by studying the LGM analytically, we will be\nable to anticipate how the kinetic properties of an arbitrary Ising system\ndepend on the temperature and the coupling constants. The analytical\nexpressions for the optimal values of the parameters involved in the linear\n$w_j$ are obtained using a simple Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse matrix. This\napproach is quite general, in principle applicable to any system and can\nreproduce the exact results for one dimensional Ising system. In the continuum\nlimit, we get a linear time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equation from the\nGlauber's microscopic model of non-conservative dynamics. We analyze the\ncritical and dynamic properties of the model, and show that most of the\nimportant results obtained in different studies can be reproduced by our new\nmathematical approach. We will also show in this paper that the effect of\nmagnetic field can easily be studied within our approach; in particular, we\nshow that the inverse of relaxation time changes quadratically with (weak)\nmagnetic field and that the fluctuation-dissipation theorem is valid for our\nmodel.",
        "positive": "Rectification and diffusion of self-propelled particles in a\n  two-dimensional corrugated channel: Rectification and diffusion of non-interacting self-propelled particles is\nnumerically investigated in a two-dimensional corrugated channel. From\nnumerical simulations, we obtain the average velocity and the effective\ndiffusion coefficient. It is found that the self-propelled particles can be\nrectified by the self-propelled velocity. There exist optimal values of the\nparameters (the self-propelled velocity, the translational diffusion constant,\nand the height of the potential) at which the average velocity takes its\nmaximal value. There exists an optimal translational diffusion at which the\neffective diffusion constant is maximal. The self-propelled velocity can\nstrongly increase the effective diffusion, while the large rotational diffusion\nrate can strongly suppress the effective diffusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Secure exchange of information by synchronization of neural networks: A connection between the theory of neural networks and cryptography is\npresented. A new phenomenon, namely synchronization of neural networks is\nleading to a new method of exchange of secret messages. Numerical simulations\nshow that two artificial networks being trained by Hebbian learning rule on\ntheir mutual outputs develop an antiparallel state of their synaptic weights.\nThe synchronized weights are used to construct an ephemeral key exchange\nprotocol for a secure transmission of secret data. It is shown that an opponent\nwho knows the protocol and all details of any transmission of the data has no\nchance to decrypt the secret message, since tracking the weights is a hard\nproblem compared to synchronization. The complexity of the generation of the\nsecure channel is linear with the size of the network.",
        "positive": "Superstatistical random-matrix-theory approach to transition intensities\n  in mixed systems: We study the fluctuation properties of transition intensities applying a\nrecently proposed generalization of the random matrix theory, which is based on\nBeck and Cohen's superstatistics. We obtain an analytic expression for the\ndistribution of the reduced transition probabilities that applies to systems\nundergoing a transition out of chaos. The obtained distribution fits the\nresults of a previous nuclear shell model calculations for some electromagnetic\ntransitions that deviate from the Porter-Thomas distribution. It agrees with\nthe experimental reduced transition probabilities for the 26A nucleus better\nthan the commonly used chi-squared distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Chiral Potts Spin Glass in d=2 and 3 Dimensions: The chiral spin-glass Potts system with q=3 states is studied in d=2 and 3\nspatial dimensions by renormalization-group theory and the global phase\ndiagrams are calculated in temperature, chirality concentration p, and\nchirality-breaking concentration c, with determination of phase chaos and\nphase-boundary chaos. In d=3, the system has ferromagnetic, left-chiral,\nright-chiral, chiral spin-glass, and disordered phases. The phase boundaries to\nthe ferromagnetic, left- and right-chiral phases show, differently, an unusual,\nfibrous patchwork (microreentrances) of all four (ferromagnetic, left-chiral,\nright-chiral, chiral spin-glass) ordered ordered phases, especially in the\nmulticritical region. The chaotic behavior of the interactions, under scale\nchange, are determined in the chiral spin-glass phase and on the boundary\nbetween the chiral spin-glass and disordered phases, showing Lyapunov exponents\nin magnitudes reversed from the usual ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic\nspin-glass systems. At low temperatures, the boundaries of the left- and\nright-chiral phases become thresholded in p and c. In the d=2, the chiral\nspin-glass system does not have a spin-glass phase, consistently with the\nlower-critical dimension of ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic spin glasses. The\nleft- and right-chirally ordered phases show reentrance in chirality\nconcentration p.",
        "positive": "Exact Solution of the Biquadratic Spin-1 t-J Model in One Dimension: A new generalization of the t-J model with a nearest-neigbor hopping is\nformulated and solved exactly by the Bethe-ansatz method. The model describes\nthe dynamics of spin-S fermions with isotropic or anisotropic interactions. In\nthe case S=1 the magnetic interaction is biquadratic in the spin operators. In\ncontrast to the SU(N) generalization of the t-J model, studied previously in\nthe literature, the present model possesses beyond a massless excitation also a\nmassive one. The physical properties indicate the existence of Cooper-type\npairs with finite binding energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dating a random walk: Statistics of the duration time of a random walk\n  given its present position: We consider the distribution of the duration time, the time elapsed since it\nbegan, of a diffusion process given its present position, under the assumption\nthat the process began at the origin. For unbiased diffusion, the distribution\ndoes not exist (it is identically zero) for one and two dimensional systems. We\nfind the explicit expression for the distribution for three and higher\ndimensions and discuss the behavior of the duration time statistics: we find\nthat the expected duration time exists only for dimensions five and higher,\nwhereas the variance becomes finite for seven dimensions and above. We then\nturn to the case of biased diffusion. The drift velocity introduces a new time\nscale and the resulting statistics arise from the interplay of the diffusive\ntime scale and the drift time scale. For these systems all the moments exist\nand explicit expressions are presented and discussed for the expected duration\ntime and its variance for all dimensions.",
        "positive": "The Perfect Glass Paradigm: Disordered Hyperuniform Glasses Down to\n  Absolute Zero: Rapid cooling of liquids below a certain temperature range can result in a\ntransition to glassy states. The traditional understanding of glasses includes\ntheir thermodynamic metastability with respect to crystals. However, here we\npresent specific examples of interactions that eliminate the possibilities of\ncrystalline and quasicrystalline phases, while creating mechanically stable\namorphous glasses down to absolute zero temperature. We show that this can be\naccomplished by introducing a new ideal state of matter called a \"perfect\nglass.\" A perfect glass represents a soft-interaction analog of the maximally\nrandom jammed (MRJ) packings of hard particles. These latter states can be\nregarded as the epitome of a glass since they are out of equilibrium, maximally\ndisordered, hyperuniform, mechanically rigid with infinite bulk and shear\nmoduli, and can never crystallize due to configuration-space trapping. Our\nmodel perfect glass utilizes two-, three-, and four-body soft interactions\nwhile simultaneously retaining the salient attributes of the MRJ state. These\nmodels constitute a theoretical proof of concept for perfect glasses and\nbroaden our fundamental understanding of glass physics. A novel feature of\nequilibrium systems of identical particles interacting with the perfect-glass\npotential at positive temperature is that they have a non-relativistic speed of\nsound that is infinite."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fragility index of a simple liquid from structural inputs: We make a first principle calculation of the fragility index $m$ of a simple\nliquid using the structure of the supercooled liquid as an input. Using the\ndensity functional theory (DFT) of classical liquids, the configurational\nentropy ${\\cal S}_c$ is obtained for low degree of supercooling. We extrapolate\nthis data to estimate the Kauzmann temperature $T_\\mathrm{K}$ for the liquid.\nUsing the Adam-Gibbs relation, we link the configurational entropy ${\\cal S}_c$\nto the relaxation time. The relaxation times are obtained from direct solutions\nof the equations of fluctuating nonlinear hydrodynamics (FNH). These equations\nalso form the basis of the mode coupling theory (MCT) for glassy dynamics. The\nfragility index for the supercooled liquid is estimated from analysis of the\ncurves on the Angell plot.",
        "positive": "Connecting the Unstable Region of the Entropy to the Pattern of the\n  Fisher's Zeros Map: Phase transitions are one of the most interesting natural phenomena. For\nfinite systems, one of the concerns in the topic is how to classify a specific\ntransition as being of first, second, or even of a higher order, according to\nthe Ehrenfest classification. The partition function provides all the\nthermodynamic information about the physical systems, and a phase transition\ncan be identified by the complex temperature where it is equal to zero. In\naddition, the pattern of the zeros on the complex temperature plane can provide\nevidence of the order of the transition. In this manuscript, we present an\nanalytical and simulational study connecting the microcanonical analysis of the\nunstable region of the entropy to the canonical partition function zeros. We\nshow that, for the first-order transition, the zeros accumulate uniformly in a\nvertical line on the complex inverse temperature plane as discussed in previous\nworks. We illustrate our calculation using the $147$ particles Lennard-Jones\ncluster."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Escape Dynamics in an Anisotropically Driven Brownian Magneto-System: Thermally activated escape of a Brownian particle over a potential barrier is\nwell understood within Kramers theory. When subjected to an external magnetic\nfield, the Lorentz force slows down the escape dynamics via a rescaling of the\ndiffusion coefficient without affecting the exponential dependence on the\nbarrier height. Here, we study the escape dynamics of a charged Brownian\nparticle from a two-dimensional truncated harmonic potential under the\ninfluence of Lorentz force due to an external magnetic field. The particle is\ndriven anisotropically by subjecting it to noises with different strengths\nalong different spatial directions. We show that the escape time can largely be\ntuned by the anisotropic driving. While the escape process becomes anisotropic\ndue to the two different noises, the spatial symmetry is restored in the limit\nof large magnetic fields. This is attributed to the Lorentz force induced\ncoupling between the spatial degrees of freedom which makes the difference\nbetween two noises irrelevant at high magnetic fields. The theoretical\npredictions are verified by Brownian dynamics simulations. In principle, our\npredictions can be tested by experiments with a Brownian gyrator in the\npresence of a magnetic field.",
        "positive": "Different time scales in dynamic systems with multiple exits: Stochastic biochemical and transport processes have various final outcomes,\nand they can be viewed as dynamic systems with multiple exits. Many current\ntheoretical studies, however, typically consider only a single time scale for\neach specific outcome, effectively corresponding to a single-exit process and\nassuming the independence of each exit process. But the presence of other exits\ninfluences the statistical properties and dynamics measured at any specific\nexit. Here, we present theoretical arguments to explicitly show the existence\nof different time scales, such as mean exit times and inverse exit fluxes, for\ndynamic processes with multiple exits. This implies that the statistics of any\nspecific exit dynamics cannot be considered without taking into account the\npresence of other exits. Several illustrative examples are described in detail\nusing analytical calculations, mean-field estimates, and kinetic Monte Carlo\ncomputer simulations. The underlying microscopic mechanisms for the existence\nof different time scales are discussed. The results are relevant for\nunderstanding the mechanisms of various biological, chemical, and industrial\nprocesses, including transport through channels and pores."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarse-grained loop algorithms for Monte Carlo simulation of quantum\n  spin systems: Recently, Syljuasen and Sandvik proposed a new framework for constructing\nalgorithms of quantum Monte Carlo simulation. While it includes new classes of\npowerful algorithms, it is not straightforward to find an efficient algorithm\nfor a given model. Based on their framework, we propose an algorithm that is a\nnatural extension of the conventional loop algorithm with the split-spin\nrepresentation. A complete table of the vertex density and the worm-scattering\nprobability is presented for the general XXZ model of an arbitrary S with a\nuniform magnetic field.",
        "positive": "Difference of energy density of states in the Wang-Landau algorithm: Paying attention to the difference of density of states, \\Delta ln g(E) = ln\ng(E+\\Delta E) - ln g(E), we study the convergence of the Wang-Landau method. We\nshow that this quantity is a good estimator to discuss the errors of\nconvergence, and refer to the $1/t$ algorithm. We also examine the behavior of\nthe 1st-order transition with this difference of density of states in\nconnection with Maxwell's equal area rule. A general procedure to judge the\norder of transition is given."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the exactness of the cavity method for Weighted b-Matchings on\n  Arbitrary Graphs and its Relation to Linear Programs: We consider the general problem of finding the minimum weight b-matching on\narbitrary graphs. We prove that, whenever the linear programming relaxation of\nthe problem has no fractional solutions, then the cavity or belief propagation\nequations converge to the correct solution both for synchronous and\nasynchronous updating.",
        "positive": "The Energy of a Trapped Interacting Bose Gas: A Bose gas in an external potential is studied by means of the semi-classical\napproximation. Analytical results are derived for the energy of an interacting\nBose gas in a generic power-law trapping potential. An expression for the\nchemical potential below the critical temperature is also obtained. The\ntheoretical results are in qualitative agreement with a recent energy\nmeasurement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the continuum limit of the entanglement Hamiltonian of a sphere for\n  the free massless scalar field: We study the continuum limit of the entanglement Hamiltonian of a sphere for\nthe massless scalar field in its ground state by employing the lattice model\ndefined through the discretisation of the radial direction. In two and three\nspatial dimensions and for small values of the total angular momentum, we find\nnumerical results in agreement with the corresponding ones derived from the\nentanglement Hamiltonian predicted by conformal field theory. When the mass\nparameter in the lattice model is large enough, the dominant contributions come\nfrom the on-site and the nearest-neighbour terms, whose weight functions are\nstraight lines.",
        "positive": "Eden clusters in three-dimensions and the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n  universality class: We present large-scale simulations of radial Eden clusters in\nthree-dimensions and show that the growth exponent is in agreement with the\nvalue $\\beta=0.242$ accepted for the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality\nclass. Our results refute a recent assertion proposing that radial Eden growth\nin $d=3$ belongs to a universality class distinct from KPZ. We associate the\npreviously reported discrepancy to a slow convergence to the asymptotic limit.\nWe also present the skewness and kurtosis in the roughening regime for flat\ngeometry in 2+1 dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal Conductivity of Simple Liquids:Origin of Temperature and Packing\n  Fraction Dependences: The origin of both weak temperature dependence and packing fraction\ndependence of $T^{1/4}\\eta^{3/2}$ in the thermal conductivity of the simple\nLennard-Jones (LJ) liquid is explored. In order to discuss the relative\ncontributions from attractive or repulsive part of the interaction potential\nseparately, the thermal conductivity of a series of Weeks-Chandler-Anderson\n(WCA) fluids is calculated by molecular dynamics simulations. The results show\nthat the repulsive part plays the main role in the heat conduction, while the\nattractive part has no direct effect on the thermal conductivity for a given\npacking fraction. By investigating WCA fluids with potentials of varying\nsoftness, we explain the difference observed between the LJ liquids such as\nargon and Coulombic liquids such as NaCl.",
        "positive": "Geometric structure of percolation clusters: We investigate the geometric properties of percolation clusters, by studying\nsquare-lattice bond percolation on the torus. We show that the density of\nbridges and nonbridges both tend to 1/4 for large system sizes. Using Monte\nCarlo simulations, we study the probability that a given edge is not a bridge\nbut has both its loop arcs in the same loop, and find that it is governed by\nthe two-arm exponent. We then classify bridges into two types: branches and\njunctions. A bridge is a {\\em branch} iff at least one of the two clusters\nproduced by its deletion is a tree. Starting from a percolation configuration\nand deleting the branches results in a {\\em leaf-free} configuration, while\ndeleting all bridges produces a bridge-free configuration. Although branches\naccount for $\\approx 43%$ of all occupied bonds, we find that the fractal\ndimensions of the cluster size and hull length of leaf-free configurations are\nconsistent with those for standard percolation configurations. By contrast, we\nfind that the fractal dimensions of the cluster size and hull length of\nbridge-free configurations are respectively given by the backbone and external\nperimeter dimensions. We estimate the backbone fractal dimension to be\n$1.643\\,36(10)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions in a frustrated XY model with zig-zag couplings: We study a new generalized version of the square-lattice frustrated XY model\nwhere unequal ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic couplings are arranged in a\nzig-zag pattern. The ratio between the couplings $\\rho$ can be used to tune the\nsystem, continuously, from the isotropic square-lattice to the\ntriangular-lattice frustrated XY model. The model can be physically realized as\na Josephson-junction array with two different couplings, in a magnetic field\ncorresponding to half-flux quanta per plaquette. Mean-field approximation,\nGinzburg-Landau expansion and finite-size scaling of Monte Carlo simulations\nare used to study the phase diagram and critical behavior. Depending on the\nvalue of $\\rho$, two separate transitions or a transition line in the\nuniversality class of the XY-Ising model, with combined $Z_2$ and U(1)\nsymmetries, takes place. In particular, the phase transitions of the standard\nsquare-lattice and triangular-lattice frustrated XY models correspond to two\ndifferent cuts through the same transition line. Estimates of the chiral\n($Z_2$) critical exponents on this transition line deviate significantly from\nthe pure Ising values, consistent with that along the critical line of the\nXY-Ising model. This suggests that a frustrated XY model or Josephson-junction\narray with a zig-zag coupling modulation can provide a physical realization of\nthe XY-Ising model critical line.",
        "positive": "Quantum-to-Classical Reduction of Quantum Master Equations: A general method of quantum-to-classical reduction of quantum dynamics is\ndescribed. The key aspect of our method is the similarity transformation of the\nLiouvillian, which provides a new perspective. In conventional studies of\nquantum energy transport, the rotating wave approximation has been frequently\nregarded as an inappropriate approach because it causes the energy flow through\nthe system to vanish. Our formulation elucidates as to why this unphysical\nresult occurs and provides a solution for the problem. That is, not only the\ndensity matrix but also the physical quantity is to be transformed. Moreover,\nwe show that quantum dynamics can be \"exactly\" replaced with classical\nequations for the calculation of the transport efficiency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise, diffusion, and hyperuniformity: We consider driven many-particle models which have a phase transition between\nan active and an absorbing phase. Like previously studied models, we have\nparticle conservation, but here we introduce an additional symmetry - when two\nparticles interact, we give them stochastic kicks which conserve center of\nmass. We find that the density fluctuations in the active phase decay in the\nfastest manner possible for a disordered isotropic system, and we present\narguments that the large scale fluctuations are determined by a competition\nbetween a noise term which generates fluctuations, and a deterministic term\nwhich reduces them. Our results may be relevant to shear experiments and may\nfurther the understanding of hyperuniformity which occurs at the critical\npoint.",
        "positive": "Universality of phase transitions of frustrated antiferromagnets: Recent theoretical and experimental studies on the critical properties of\nfrustrated antiferromagnets with the noncollinear spin order, including\nstacked-triangular antiferromagnets and helimagnets, are reviewed. Particular\nemphasis is put on the novel critical and multicritical behaviors exhibited by\nthese magnets, together with an important role played by the `chirality'."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Watersheds are Schramm-Loewner Evolution curves: We show that in the continuum limit watersheds dividing drainage basins are\nSchramm-Loewner Evolution (SLE) curves, being described by one single parameter\n$\\kappa$. Several numerical evaluations are applied to ascertain this. All\ncalculations are consistent with SLE$_\\kappa$, with $\\kappa=1.734\\pm0.005$,\nbeing the only known physical example of an SLE with $\\kappa<2$. This lies\noutside the well-known duality conjecture, bringing up new questions regarding\nthe existence and reversibility of dual models. Furthermore it constitutes a\nstrong indication for conformal invariance in random landscapes and suggests\nthat watersheds likely correspond to a logarithmic Conformal Field Theory (CFT)\nwith central charge $c\\approx-7/2$.",
        "positive": "Probability distribution function for reorientations in Maier-Saupe\n  potential: Exact analytic solution for the probability distribution function of the\nnon-inertial rotational diffusion equation, i.e., of the Smoluchowski one, in a\nsymmetric Maier-Saupe uniaxial potential of mean torque is obtained via the\nconfluent Heun's function. Both the ordinary Maier-Saupe potential and the\ndouble-well one with variable barrier width are considered. Thus, the present\narticle substantially extends the scope of the potentials amenable to the\ntreatment by reducing Smoluchowski equation to the confluent Heun's one. The\nsolution is uniformly valid for any barrier height. We use it for the\ncalculation of the mean first passage time. Also the higher eigenvalues for the\nrelaxation decay modes in the case of ordinary Maier-Saupe potential are\ncalculated. The results obtained are in full agreement with those of the\napproach developed by Coffey, Kalmykov, D\\'ejardin and their coauthors in the\nwhole range of barrier heights."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reply to Comment on \"Failure of the work-Hamiltonian connection for\n  free-energy calculations\" by Horowitz and Jarzynski: We show that the Comment [arXiv:0808.1224] by Horowitz and Jarzynski obtains\nas a main result a general free energy change for a harmonic system that in the\nmacroscopic limit does not recover the textbook expression for the energy\nchange of a Hookean spring. The reason is that Horowitz and Jarzynski\nimproperly identify work with parametric changes of the Hamiltonian instead of\nwith the standard quantity, force times displacement.",
        "positive": "Observing collapse in two colliding dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates: We study the collision of two Bose-Einstein condensates with pure dipolar\ninteraction. A stationary pure dipolar condensate is known to be stable when\nthe atom number is below a critical value. However, collapse can occur during\nthe collision between two condensates due to local density fluctuations even if\nthe total atom number is only a fraction of the critical value. Using full\nthree-dimensional numerical simulations, we observe the collapse induced by\nlocal density fluctuations. For the purpose of future experiments, we present\nthe time dependence of the density distribution, energy per particle and the\nmaximal density of the condensate. We also discuss the collapse time as a\nfunction of the relative phase between the two condensates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heterogeneous pair approximation for voter models on networks: For models whose evolution takes place on a network it is often necessary to\naugment the mean-field approach by considering explicitly the degree dependence\nof average quantities (heterogeneous mean-field). Here we introduce the degree\ndependence in the pair approximation (heterogeneous pair approximation) for\nanalyzing voter models on uncorrelated networks. This approach gives an\nessentially exact description of the dynamics, correcting some inaccurate\nresults of previous approaches. The heterogeneous pair approximation introduced\nhere can be applied in full generality to many other processes on complex\nnetworks.",
        "positive": "Transport of interface states in the Heisenberg chain: We demonstrate the transport of interface states in the one-dimensional\nferromagnetic Heisenberg model by a time dependent magnetic field. Our analysis\nis based on the standard Adiabatic Theorem. This is supplemented by a numerical\nanalysis via the recently developed time dependent DMRG method, where we\ncalculate the adiabatic constant as a function of the strength of the magnetic\nfield and the anisotropy of the interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-order parameter Langevin equation for a bounded Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n  universality class: We introduce a Langevin equation describing the pinning-depinning phase\ntransition experienced by Kardar-Parisi-Zhang interfaces in the presence of a\nbounding ``lower-wall''. This provides a continuous description for this\nuniversality class, complementary to the different and already well documented\none for the case of an ``upper-wall''. The Langevin equation is written in\nterms of a field that is not an order-parameter, in contrast to standard\napproaches, and is studied both by employing a systematic mean-field\napproximation and by means of a recently introduced efficient integration\nscheme. Our findings are in good agreement with known results from microscopic\nmodels in this class, while the numerical precision is improved. This Langevin\nequation constitutes a sound starting point for further analytical\ncalculations, beyond mean-field, needed to shed more light on this poorly\nunderstood universality class.",
        "positive": "Logarithmic corrections to scaling in critical percolation and random\n  resistor networks: We study the critical behavior of various geometrical and transport\nproperties of percolation in 6 dimensions. By employing field theory and\nrenormalization group methods we analyze fluctuation induced logarithmic\ncorrections to scaling up to and including the next to leading correction. Our\nstudy comprehends the percolation correlation function, i.e., the probability\nthat 2 given points are connected, and some of the fractal masses describing\npercolation clusters. To be specific, we calculate the mass of the backbone,\nthe red bonds and the shortest path. Moreover, we study key transport\nproperties of percolation as represented by the random resistor network. We\ninvestigate the average 2-point resistance as well as the entire family of\nmultifractal moments of the current distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hot-electron relaxation in dense `two-temperature' hydrogen: Recent theories of hot-electron relaxation in dense hydrogen or deuterium are\nexamined in the light of recent molecular-dynamics simulations as well as\nvarious theoretical developments within the two-temperature model. The\ntheoretical work since 1998 have led to the formulation of the $f$-sum version\nof the Fermi Golden rule formula as the most convenient method for the\ncalculation of the rate of cooling of hot electrons where energy is transferred\nto cold ions. The attempt to include relaxation via the ion-acoustic modes of\nthe two coupled subsystems, i.e., electrons and ions has led to a coupled-mode\nformulation which has now been established by a variety of formal methods.\nHowever, various simplified calculational models of the system with\ncoupled-modes, as well as sophisticated molecular dynamics simulations seem to\ndisagree. It is expected that coupled-mode calculations which use the simple\nCoulomb potential $V_{ei}(r)=-|e|Z/r$ for the electron-ion interaction within\nRPA will greatly over-estimate the coupled-mode contribution. A weak\npseudopotential $U_{ei}(r)$ would probably bring the estimated coupled-mode\ncontribution to agree with that obtained by simulations. It is suggested that\nthe available `reduced models' have been constructed without much attention to\nthe satisfaction of important sum rules, Kramers-Kr\\\"onig relations etc. We\nalso deal with the question of how strongly coupled ion-ion systems can be\naddressed by an extension of the second-order linear response theory which is\nthe basis of current formulations of energy relaxation in warm-dense matter\nsystems. These are of interest in a variety of fields including hot-electron\nsemi-conductor devices, inertial-fusion studies of hot compressed hydrogen, as\nwell as in astrophysical applications.",
        "positive": "A first order Tsallis theory: We investigate first-order approximations to both i) Tsallis' entropy $S_q$\nand ii) the $S_q$-MaxEnt solution (called q-exponential functions $e_q$). It is\nshown that the functions arising from the procedure ii) are the MaxEnt\nsolutions to the entropy emerging from i). The present treatment is free of the\npoles that, for classic quadratic Hamiltonians, appear in Tsallis' approach, as\ndemonstrated in [Europhysics Letters {\\bf 104}, (2013), 60003]. Additionally,\nwe show that our treatment is compatible with extant date on the ozone layer."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Accessing Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality sub-classes with exciton\n  polaritons: Exciton-polariton condensates under driven-dissipative conditions are\npredicted to belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class, the\ndynamics of the condensate phase satisfying the same equation as for classical\nstochastic interface growth at long distance. We show that by engineering an\nexternal confinement for one-dimensional polaritons we can access two different\nuniversality sub-classes, which are associated to the flat or curved geometry\nfor the interface. Our results for the condensate phase distribution and\ncorrelations match with great accuracy with the exact theoretical results for\nKPZ: the Tracy-Widom distributions (GOE and GUE) for the one-point statistics,\nand covariance of Airy processes (Airy1 and Airy2) for the two-point\nstatistics. This study promotes the exciton-polariton system as a compelling\nplatform to investigate KPZ universal properties.",
        "positive": "Orthogonal Symmetric Polynomials Associated with the Calogero Model: The Calogero model is a one-dimensional quantum integrable system with\ninverse-square long-range interactions confined in an external harmonic well.\nIt shares the same algebraic structure with the Sutherland model, which is also\na one-dimensional quantum integrable system with inverse-sine-square\ninteractions. Inspired by the Rodrigues formula for the Jack polynomials, which\nform the orthogonal basis of the Sutherland model, recently found by Lapointe\nand Vinet, we construct the Rodrigues formula for the Hi-Jack (hidden-Jack)\npolynomials that form the orthogonal basis of the Calogero model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Global density equations for a population of actively switching\n  particles: There are many processes in cell biology that can be modelled in terms of an\nactively switching particle. The continuous degrees of freedom evolve according\nto a hybrid stochastic differential equation (hSDE) whose drift term depends on\na discrete internal or environmental state that switches according to a\ncontinuous time Markov chain. In this paper we derive global density equations\nfor a population of non-interacting actively switching particles, either\nindependently switching or subject to a common randomly switching environment.\nIn the case of a random environment, we show that the global particle density\nevolves according to a hybrid stochastic partial differential equation (hSPDE).\nAveraging with respect to the Gaussian noise processes yields a hybrid partial\ndifferential equation (hPDE) for the one-particle density. We use the\ncorresponding functional Chapman-Kolmogorov equation to derive moment equations\nfor the one-particle density and show how a randomly switching environment\ninduces statistical correlations. We also discuss the effects of particle\ninteractions, which generate moment closure problems at both the hSPDE and hPDE\nlevels. The former can be handled by taking a mean field limit, but the\nresulting hPDE is now a nonlinear functional of the one-particle density. We\nthen develop the analogous constructions for independently switching particles.\nWe introduce a discrete set of global densities that are indexed by the\nsingle-particle internal states. We derive an SPDE for the densities by taking\nexpectations with respect to the switching process, and then use a slow/fast\nanalysis to reduce the SPDE to a scalar stochastic Fokker-Planck equation in\nthe fast-switching limit. We end by deriving path integrals for the global\ndensities in the absence of interactions and relate this to recent studies of\nBrownian gases and run-and-tumble particles.",
        "positive": "Bogoliubov transformation for distinguishable particles: The Bogoliubov transformation is generally derived in the context of\nidentical bosons with the use of ``second quantized'' a and $a^{\\dagger}$\noperators (or, equivalently, in field theory). Here, we show that the\ntransformation, together with its characteristic energy spectrum, can also be\nderived within the Hilbert space of distinguishable particles, obeying\nBoltzmann statistics; in this derivation, ordinary dyadic operators play the\nrole usually played by the a and $a^{\\dagger}$ operators; therefore, breaking\nthe symmetry of particle conservation is not necessary."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Top Eigenpair Statistics for Weighted Sparse Graphs: We develop a formalism to compute the statistics of the top eigenpair of\nweighted sparse graphs with finite mean connectivity and bounded maximal\ndegree. Framing the problem in terms of optimisation of a quadratic form on the\nsphere and introducing a fictitious temperature, we employ the cavity and\nreplica methods to find the solution in terms of self-consistent equations for\nauxiliary probability density functions, which can be solved by population\ndynamics. This derivation allows us to identify and unpack the individual\ncontributions to the top eigenvector's components coming from nodes of degree\n$k$. The analytical results are in perfect agreement with numerical\ndiagonalisation of large (weighted) adjacency matrices, and are further\ncross-checked on the cases of random regular graphs and sparse Markov\ntransition matrices for unbiased random walks.",
        "positive": "How effective is advertising in duopoly markets?: A simple Ising spin model which can describe the mechanism of advertising in\na duopoly market is proposed. In contrast to other agent-based models, the\ninfluence does not flow inward from the surrounding neighbors to the center\nsite, but spreads outward from the center to the neighbors. The model thus\ndescribes the spread of opinions among customers. It is shown via standard\nMonte Carlo simulations that very simple rules and inclusion of an external\nfield -- an advertising campaign -- lead to phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vortex formation in a stirred Bose-Einstein condensate: Using a focused laser beam we stir a Bose-Einstein condensate of 87Rb\nconfined in a magnetic trap and observe the formation of a vortex for a\nstirring frequency exceeding a critical value. At larger rotation frequencies\nwe produce states of the condensate for which up to four vortices are\nsimultaneously present. We have also measured the lifetime of the single vortex\nstate after turning off the stirring laser beam.",
        "positive": "Cluster Gutzwiller Monte Carlo approach for a critical dissipative spin\n  model: We study the influence of short-range quantum correlations and classical\nspatial correlations on the phase diagram of the dissipative XYZ model by using\na Gutzwiller Monte carlo method and a cluster Gutzwiller ansatz for the wave\nfunction. Considering lattices of finite size we show the emergence of a\nferromagnetic phase, two paramagnetic phases and the possible existence of a\nphase transition which is entirely quantum in nature. The inclusion of\nshort-range quantum correlations has a drastic effect on the phase diagram but\nour results show the inclusion of long-range quantum correlations or the use of\nmore sophisticated methods are needed to quantitatively match the exact\nresults. A study of the susceptibility tensor shows that reciprocity is broken,\na feature not observed in closed quantum systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deterministic motion of the controversial piston in the thermodynamic\n  limit: We consider the evolution of a system composed of $N$ non-interacting point\nparticles of mass $m$ in a cylindrical container divided into two regions by a\nmovable adiabatic wall (the adiabatic piston).\n  We study the thermodynamic limit for the piston where the area $A$ of the\ncross-section, the mass $M$ of the piston, and the number\n  $N$ of particles go to infinity keeping $A/M$ and $N/M$ fixed. The length of\nthe container is a fixed parameter which can be either finite or infinite. In\nthis thermodynamic limit we show that the motion of the piston is deterministic\nand the evolution is adiabatic. Moreover if the length of the container is\ninfinite, we show that the piston evolves toward a stationary state with\nvelocity approximately proportional to the pressure difference. If the length\nof the container is finite, introducing a simplifying assumption we show that\nthe system evolves with either weak or strong damping toward a well-defined\nstate of mechanical equilibrium where the pressures are the same, but the\ntemperatures different. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate\npossible evolutions and to check the validity of the assumption.",
        "positive": "Role of topology on the work distribution function of a quenched Haldane\n  model of graphene: We investigate the effect of equilibrium topology on the statistics of\nnon-equilibrium work performed during the subsequent unitary evolution,\nfollowing a sudden quench of the Semenoff mass of the Haldane model. We show\nthat the resulting work distribution function for quenches performed on the\nHaldane Hamiltonian with broken time reversal symmetry (TRS) exhibits richer\nuniversal characteristics as compared to those performed on the time-reversal\nsymmetric massive graphene limit whose work distribution function we have also\nevaluated for comparison. Importantly, our results show that the work\ndistribution function exhibits different universal behaviors following the\nnon-equilibrium dynamics of the system for small $\\phi$ (argument of complex\nnext nearest neighbor hopping) and large $\\phi$ limits, although the two limits\nbelong to the same equilibrium universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-passage and first-hitting times of Levy flights and Levy walks: For both Levy flight and Levy walk search processes we analyse the full\ndistribution of first-passage and first-hitting (or first-arrival) times. These\nare, respectively, the times when the particle moves across a point at some\ngiven distance from its initial position for the first time, or when it lands\nat a given point for the first time. For Levy motions with their propensity for\nlong relocation events and thus the possibility to jump across a given point in\nspace without actually hitting it (\"leapovers\"), these two definitions lead to\nsignificantly different results. We study the first-passage and first-hitting\ntime distributions as functions of the Levy stable index, highlighting the\ndifferent behaviour for the cases when the first absolute moment of the jump\nlength distribution is finite or infinite. In particular we examine the limits\nof short and long times. Our results will find their application in the\nmathematical modelling of random search processes as well as computer\nalgorithms.",
        "positive": "Exact solution of stochastic directed sandpile model: We introduce and analytically solve a directed sandpile model with stochastic\ntoppling rules. The model clearly belongs to a different universality class\nfrom its counterpart with deterministic toppling rules, previously solved by\nDhar and Ramaswamy. The critical exponents are D_||=7/4, \\tau=10/7 in two\ndimensions and D_||=3/2, \\tau=4/3 in one dimension. The upper critical\ndimension of the model is three, at which the exponents apart from logarithmic\ncorrections reach their mean-field values D_||=2, \\tau=3/2."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Characterization of domain formation during random sequential adsorption\n  of stiff linear $k$-mers onto a square lattice: Using computer simulation, we have studied the random sequential adsorption\nof stiff linear $k$-mers onto a square lattice. Each such particle occupies $k$\nadjacent lattice sites. During deposition, the two mutually perpendicular\norientations of the particles are equiprobable, hence, a macroscopically\nisotropic monolayer is formed. However, this monolayer is locally anisotropic,\nsince the deposited particles tend to form domains of particles with the same\norientation. Using the \"excluded area\" concept, we have classified lattice\nsites into several types and examined how the fraction of each type of lattice\nsite varies as the number of deposited particles increases. The behaviors of\nthese quantities have allowed us to identify the following stages of domain\nformation (i) the emergence of domain seeds; (ii) the filling of domains; (iii)\ndensification of the domains.",
        "positive": "Quantum reaction-limited reaction-diffusion dynamics of noninteracting\n  Bose gases: We investigate quantum reaction-diffusion systems in one-dimension with\nbosonic particles that coherently hop in a lattice, and when brought in range\nreact dissipatively. Such reactions involve binary annihilation ($A + A \\to\n\\emptyset$) and coagulation ($A + A \\to A$) of particles at distance $d$. We\nconsider the reaction-limited regime, where dissipative reactions take place at\na rate that is small compared to that of coherent hopping. In classical\nreaction-diffusion systems, this regime is correctly captured by the mean-field\napproximation. In quantum reaction-diffusion systems, for non-interacting\nfermionic systems, the reaction-limited regime recently attracted considerable\nattention because it has been shown to give universal power law decay beyond\nmean-field for the density of particles as a function of time. Here, we address\nthe question whether such universal behavior is present also in the case of the\nnon-interacting Bose gas. We show that beyond mean-field density decay for\nbosons is possible only for reactions that allow for destructive interference\nof different decay channels. Furthermore, we study an absorbing-state phase\ntransition induced by the competition between branching $A\\to A+A$, decay $A\\to\n\\emptyset$ and coagulation $A+A\\to A$. We find a stationary phase-diagram,\nwhere a first and a second-order transition line meet at a bicritical point\nwhich is described by tricritical directed percolation. These results show that\nquantum statistics significantly impact on both the stationary and the\ndynamical universal behavior of quantum reaction-diffusion systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stacking Entropy of Hard Sphere Crystals: Classical hard spheres crystallize at equilibrium at high enough density.\nCrystals made up of stackings of 2-dimensional hexagonal close-packed layers\n(e.g. fcc, hcp, etc.) differ in entropy by only about $10^{-3}k_B$ per sphere\n(all configurations are degenerate in energy). To readily resolve and study\nthese small entropy differences, we have implemented two different\nmulticanonical Monte Carlo algorithms that allow direct equilibration between\ncrystals with different stacking sequences. Recent work had demonstrated that\nthe fcc stacking has higher entropy than the hcp stacking. We have studied\nother stackings to demonstrate that the fcc stacking does indeed have the\nhighest entropy of ALL possible stackings. The entropic interactions we could\ndetect involve three, four and (although with less statistical certainty) five\nconsecutive layers of spheres. These interlayer entropic interactions fall off\nin strength with increasing distance, as expected; this fall-off appears to be\nmuch slower near the melting density than at the maximum (close-packing)\ndensity. At maximum density the entropy difference between fcc and hcp\nstackings is $0.00115 +/- 0.00004 k_B$ per sphere, which is roughly 30% higher\nthan the same quantity measured near the melting transition.",
        "positive": "Non-universal non-equilibrium critical dynamics with disorder: We investigate finite size scaling aspects of disorder reaction-diffusion\nprocesses in one dimension utilizing both numerical and analytical approaches.\nThe former averages the spectrum gap of the associated evolution operators by\ndoubling their degrees of freedom, while the latter uses various techniques to\nmap the equations of motion to a first passage time process. Both approaches\nare consistent with nonuniversal dynamic exponents, and with stretched\nexponential scaling forms for particular disorder realizations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum phase transitions in transverse field spin models: from\n  statistical physics to quantum information: We review quantum phase transitions of spin systems in transverse magnetic\nfields taking the examples of the spin-1/2 Ising and XY models in a transverse\nfield. Beginning with an overview of quantum phase transitions, we introduce a\nnumber of model Hamiltonians. We provide exact solutions in one spatial\ndimension connecting them to conformal field theoretical studies. We also\ndiscuss Kitaev models and some other exactly solvable spin systems. Studies of\nquantum phase transitions in the presence of quenched randomness and with\nfrustrating interactions are presented in detail. We discuss novel phenomena\nlike Griffiths-McCoy singularities. We then turn to more recent topics like\ninformation theoretic measures of the quantum phase transitions in these models\nsuch as concurrence, entanglement entropy, quantum discord and quantum\nfidelity. We then focus on non-equilibrium dynamics of a variety of transverse\nfield systems across quantum critical points and lines. After mentioning rapid\nquenching studies, we dwell on slow dynamics and discuss the Kibble-Zurek\nscaling for the defect density following a quench across critical points and\nits modifications for quenching across critical lines, gapless regions and\nmulticritical points. Topics like the role of different quenching schemes,\nlocal quenching, quenching of models with random interactions and quenching of\na spin chain coupled to a heat bath are touched upon. The connection between\nnon-equilibrium dynamics and quantum information theoretic measures is\npresented at some length. We indicate the connection between Kibble-Zurek\nscaling and adiabatic evolution of a state as well as the application of\nadiabatic dynamics as a tool of a quantum optimization technique known as\nquantum annealing. The final section is dedicated to a detailed discussion on\nrecent experimental studies of transverse Ising-like systems.",
        "positive": "Generalized Jarzynski Equality under Nonequilibrium Feedback Control: The Jarzynski equality is generalized to situations in which nonequilibrium\nsystems are subject to a feedback control. The new terms that arise as a\nconsequence of the feedback describe the mutual information content obtained by\nmeasurement and the efficacy of the feedback control. Our results lead to a\ngeneralized fluctuation-dissipation theorem that reflects the readout\ninformation, and can be experimentally tested using small thermodynamic\nsystems. We illustrate our general results by an introducing \"information\nratchet,\" which can transport a Brownian particle in one direction and extract\na positive work from the particle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiscale Thermodynamics: Energy, Entropy, and Symmetry from Atoms to\n  Bulk Behavior: Here we investigate how local properties of particles in a thermal bath\ninfluence the thermodynamics of the bath. We utilize nanothermodynamics, based\non two postulates: that small systems can be treated self-consistently by\ncoupling to an ensemble of similarly small systems, and that a large ensemble\nof small systems forms its own thermodynamic bath. We adapt these ideas to\nstudy how a large system may subdivide into an ensemble of smaller subsystems,\ncausing internal heterogeneity across multiple size scales. For the\nsemi-classical ideal gas, maximum entropy favors subdividing a large system of\natoms into regions of variable size. The mechanism of region formation could\ncome from quantum exchange that makes atoms in each region indistinguishable,\nwhile decoherence between regions allows atoms in separate regions to be\ndistinguishable by location. Combining regions reduces the total entropy, as\nexpected when distinguishable particles become indistinguishable, and as\nrequired by theorems for sub-additive entropy. Combining large volumes of small\nregions gives the entropy of mixing for a semi-classical ideal gas, resolving\nGibbs paradox without invoking quantum symmetry for distant atoms. Other models\nwe study are based on Ising-like spins in 1-D. We find similarity in the\nproperties of a two-state model in the nanocanonical ensemble and a three-state\nmodel in the canonical ensemble. Thus, emergent phenomena may alter the thermal\nbehavior of microscopic models, and the correct ensemble is necessary for\nfully-accurate predictions. We add a nonlinear correction to Boltzmann's factor\nin simulations of the Ising-like spins to imitate the dynamics of spin exchange\non intermediate lengths, yielding the statistics of indistinguishable states.\nThese simulations exhibit 1/f-like noise at low frequencies (f), and white\nnoise at higher f, similar to the thermal fluctuations found in many materials.",
        "positive": "Impact of inertia on biased Brownian transport in confined geometries: We consider the impact of inertia on biased Brownian motion of point\nparticles in a two-dimensional channel with sinusoidally varying width. If the\ntime scales of the problem separate, the adiabatic elimination of the\ntransverse degrees of freedom leads to an effective description for the motion\nalong the channel given by the potential of mean force. The possibility of such\ndescription is intimately connected with equipartition. Numerical simulations\nshow that in the presence of external bias the equipartition may break down\nleading to non-monotonic dependence of mobility on external force and several\nother interesting effects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Area law violation for the mutual information in a nonequilibrium steady\n  state: We study the nonequilibrium steady state of an infinite chain of free\nfermions, resulting from an initial state where the two sides of the system are\nprepared at different temperatures. The mutual information is calculated\nbetween two adjacent segments of the chain and is found to scale\nlogarithmically in the subsystem size. This provides the first example of the\nviolation of the area law in a quantum many-body system outside a zero\ntemperature regime. The prefactor of the logarithm is obtained analytically\nand, furthermore, the same prefactor is shown to govern the logarithmic\nincrease of mutual information in time, before the system relaxes locally to\nthe steady state.",
        "positive": "Probing RG flows, symmetry resolution and quench dynamics through the\n  capacity of entanglement: We compare the capacity of entanglement with the entanglement entropy by\nconsidering various aspects of these quantities for free bosonic and fermionic\nmodels in one spatial dimension, both in the continuum and on the lattice.\nSubstantial differences are observed in the subleading terms of these\nentanglement quantifiers when the subsystem is made by two disjoint intervals,\nin the massive scalar field and in the fermionic chain. We define $c$-functions\nbased on the capacity of entanglement similar to the one based on the\nentanglement entropy, showing through a numerical analysis that they display a\nmonotonic behaviour under the renormalisation group flow generated by the mass.\nThe capacity of entanglement and its related quantities are employed to explore\nthe symmetry resolution. The temporal evolutions of the capacity of\nentanglement and of the corresponding contour function after a global quench\nare also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatiotemporal pattern formation in a three-variable CO oxidation\n  reaction model: The spatiotemporal pattern formation is studied in the catalytic carbon\nmonoxide oxidation reaction that takes into account the diffusion processes\nover the Pt(110) surface, which may contain structurally different areas. These\nareas are formed during CO-induced transition from a reconstructed phase with\n$1\\times2$ geometry of the overlayer to a bulk-like ($1\\times1$) phase with\nsquare atomic arrangement. Despite the CO oxidation reaction being\nnon-autocatalytic, we have shown that the analytic conditions of the existence\nof the Turing and the Hopf bifurcations can be satisfied in such systems. Thus,\nthe system may lose its stability in two ways --- either through the Hopf\nbifurcation leading to the formation of temporal patterns in the system or\nthrough the Turing bifurcation leading to the formation of regular spatial\npatterns. At a simultaneous implementation of both scenarios, spatiotemporal\npatterns for CO and oxygen coverages are obtained in the system.",
        "positive": "Quenched dynamics of classical isolated systems: the spherical spin\n  model with two-body random interactions or the Neumann integrable model: We study the Hamiltonian dynamics of the spherical spin model with\nfully-connected two-body interactions drawn from a Gaussian probability\ndistribution. In the statistical physics framework, the potential energy is of\nthe so-called $p=2$ spherical disordered kind. Most importantly for our\nsetting, the energy conserving dynamics are equivalent to the ones of the\nNeumann integrable system. We take initial conditions in thermal equilibrium\nand we subsequently evolve the configurations with Newton dynamics dictated by\na different Hamiltonian. We identify three dynamical phases depending on the\nparameters that characterise the initial state and the final Hamiltonian. We\nobtain the {\\it global} dynamical observables with numerical and analytic\nmethods and we show that, in most cases, they are out of thermal equilibrium.\nWe note, however, that for shallow quenches from the condensed phase the\ndynamics are close to (though not at) thermal equilibrium. Surprisingly enough,\nfor a particular relation between parameters the global observables comply\nGibbs-Boltzmann equilibrium. We next set the analysis of the system with finite\nnumber of degrees of freedom in terms of $N$ non-linearly coupled modes. We\nevaluate the mode temperatures and we relate them to the frequency-dependent\neffective temperature measured with the fluctuation-dissipation relation in the\nfrequency domain, similarly to what was recently proposed for quantum\nintegrable cases. Finally, we analyse the $N-1$ integrals of motion and we use\nthem to show that the system is out of equilibrium in all phases, even for\nparameters that show an apparent Gibbs-Boltzmann behaviour of global\nobservables. We elaborate on the role played by these constants of motion in\nthe post-quench dynamics and we briefly discuss the possible description of the\nasymptotic dynamics in terms of a Generalised Gibbs Ensemble."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Basins of attraction on random topography: We investigate the consequences of fluid flowing on a continuous surface upon\nthe geometric and statistical distribution of the flow. We find that the\nability of a surface to collect water by its mere geometrical shape is\nproportional to the curvature of the contour line divided by the local slope.\nConsequently, rivers tend to lie in locations of high curvature and flat\nslopes. Gaussian surfaces are introduced as a model of random topography. For\nGaussian surfaces the relation between convergence and slope is obtained\nanalytically. The convergence of flow lines correlates positively with drainage\narea, so that lower slopes are associated with larger basins. As a consequence,\nwe explain the observed relation between the local slope of a landscape and the\narea of the drainage basin geometrically. To some extent, the slope-area\nrelation comes about not because of fluvial erosion of the landscape, but\nbecause of the way rivers choose their path. Our results are supported by\nnumerically generated surfaces as well as by real landscapes.",
        "positive": "Brownian motion and anomalous diffusion revisited via a fractional\n  Langevin equation: In this paper we revisit the Brownian motion on the basis of {the fractional\nLangevin equation which turns out to be a particular case of the generalized\nLangevin equation introduced by Kubo in 1966. The importance of our approach is\nto model the Brownian motion more realistically than the usual one based on the\nclassical Langevin equation, in that it takes into account also the retarding\neffects due to hydrodynamic back-flow, i.e. the added mass and the Basset\nmemory drag. We provide the analytical expressions of the correlation functions\n(both for the random force and the particle velocity) and of the mean squared\nparticle displacement. The random force has been shown to be represented by a\nsuperposition of the usual white noise with a \"fractional\" noise. The velocity\ncorrelation function is no longer expressed by a simple exponential but\nexhibits a slower decay, proportional to t^{-3/2} for long times, which indeed\nis more realistic. Finally, the mean squared displacement is shown to maintain,\nfor sufficiently long times, the linear behaviour which is typical of normal\ndiffusion, with the same diffusion coefficient of the classical case. However,\nthe Basset history force induces a retarding effect in the establishing of the\nlinear behaviour, which in some cases could appear as a manifestation of\nanomalous diffusion to be correctly interpreted in experimental measurements."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium dynamics of a stochastic model of anomalous heat\n  transport: numerical analysis: We study heat transport in a chain of harmonic oscillators with random\nelastic collisions between nearest-neighbours. The equations of motion of the\ncovariance matrix are numerically solved for free and fixed boundary\nconditions. In the thermodynamic limit, the shape of the temperature profile\nand the value of the stationary heat flux depend on the choice of boundary\nconditions. For free boundary conditions, they also depend on the coupling\nstrength with the heat baths. Moreover, we find a strong violation of local\nequilibrium at the chain edges that determine two boundary layers of size\n$\\sqrt{N}$ (where $N$ is the chain length), that are characterized by a\ndifferent scaling behaviour from the bulk. Finally, we investigate the\nrelaxation towards the stationary state, finding two long time scales: the\nfirst corresponds to the relaxation of the hydrodynamic modes; the second is a\nmanifestation of the finiteness of the system.",
        "positive": "Analytical study on the criticality of the Stochastic Optimal Velocity\n  model: In recent works, we have proposed a stochastic cellular automaton model of\ntraffic flow connecting two exactly solvable stochastic processes, i.e., the\nAsymmetric Simple Exclusion Process and the Zero Range Process, with an\nadditional parameter. It is also regarded as an extended version of the Optimal\nVelocity model, and moreover it shows particularly notable properties. In this\npaper, we report that when taking Optimal Velocity function to be a step\nfunction, all of the flux-density graph (i.e. the fundamental diagram) can be\nestimated. We first find that the fundamental diagram consists of two line\nsegments resembling an {\\it inversed-$\\lambda$} form, and next identify their\nend-points from a microscopic behaviour of vehicles. It is otable that by using\na microscopic parameter which indicates a driver's sensitivity to the traffic\nsituation, we give an explicit formula for the critical point at which a\ntraffic jam phase arises. We also compare these analytical results with those\nof the Optimal Velocity model, and point out the crucial differences between\nthem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A fluctuation-response relation of many Brownian particles under\n  non-equilibrium conditions: We study many interacting Brownian particles under a tilted periodic\npotential. We numerically measure the linear response coefficient of the\ndensity field by applying a slowly varying potential transversal to the tilted\ndirection. In equilibrium cases, the linear response coefficient is related to\nthe intensity of density fluctuations in a universal manner, which is called a\nfluctuation-response relation. We then report numerical evidence that this\nrelation holds even in non-equilibrium cases. This result suggests that\nEinstein's formula on density fluctuations can be extended to driven diffusive\nsystems when the slowly varying potential is applied in a direction transversal\nto the driving force.",
        "positive": "Multifractality in directed percolation: Using renormalization group methods we study multifractality in directed\npercolation. Our approach is based on random lattice networks consisting of\nresistor like and diode like bonds with microscopic noise. These random\nresistor diode networks capture the features of isotropic as well as directed\npercolation. In this note we introduce a field theoretic Hamiltonian for the\nmultifractal properties at the transition from the non-percolating to the\ndirected percolating phase. We investigate the multifractal moments of the\ncurrent distribution and determine a family of critical exponents for these\nmoments to two-loop order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Network robustness and fragility: Percolation on random graphs: Recent work on the internet, social networks, and the power grid has\naddressed the resilience of these networks to either random or targeted\ndeletion of network nodes. Such deletions include, for example, the failure of\ninternet routers or power transmission lines. Percolation models on random\ngraphs provide a simple representation of this process, but have typically been\nlimited to graphs with Poisson degree distribution at their vertices. Such\ngraphs are quite unlike real world networks, which often possess power-law or\nother highly skewed degree distributions. In this paper we study percolation on\ngraphs with completely general degree distribution, giving exact solutions for\na variety of cases, including site percolation, bond percolation, and models in\nwhich occupation probabilities depend on vertex degree. We discuss the\napplication of our theory to the understanding of network resilience.",
        "positive": "Interval estimation of the mass fractal dimension for anisotropic\n  sampling percolation clusters: This report focuses on the dependencies for the center and radius of the\nconfidence interval that arise when estimating the mass fractal dimensions of\nanisotropic sampling clusters in the site percolation model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Winding Angle Distributions for Directed Polymers: We study analytically and numerically the winding of directed polymers of\nlength $t$ around each other or around a rod. Unconfined polymers in pure media\nhave exponentially decaying winding angle distributions, the decay constant\ndepending on whether the interaction is repulsive or neutral, but not on\nmicroscopic details. In the presence of a chiral asymmetry, the exponential\ntails become non universal. In all these cases the mean winding angle is\nproportional to $\\ln t$. When the polymer is confined to a finite region around\nthe winding center, e.g. due to an attractive interaction, the winding angle\ndistribution is Gaussian, with a variance proportional to $t$. We also examine\nthe windings of polymers in random systems. Our results suggest that randomness\nreduces entanglements, leading to a narrow (Gaussian) distribution with a mean\nwinding angle of the order of $\\sqrt{\\ln t}$.",
        "positive": "An exactly solvable random satisfiability problem: We introduce a new model for the generation of random satisfiability\nproblems. It is an extension of the hyper-SAT model of Ricci-Tersenghi, Weigt\nand Zecchina, which is a variant of the famous K-SAT model: it is extended to\nq-state variables and relates to a different choice of the statistical\nensemble. The model has an exactly solvable statistic: the critical exponents\nand scaling functions of the SAT/UNSAT transition are calculable at zero\ntemperature, with no need of replicas, also with exact finite-size corrections.\nWe also introduce an exact duality of the model, and show an analogy of\nthermodynamic properties with the Random Energy Model of disordered spin\nsystems theory. Relations with Error-Correcting Codes are also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cutting-Decimation Renormalization for diffusive and vibrational\n  dynamics on fractals: Recently, we pointed out that on a class on non exactly decimable fractals\ntwo different parameters are required to describe diffusive and vibrational\ndynamics. This phenomenon we call dynamical dimension splitting is related to\nthe lack of exact decimation invariance for these structures, which turn out to\nbe invariant under a more complex cutting-decimation transform. In this paper\nwe study in details the dynamical dimension splitting on these fractals\nanalyzing the mathematical properties of the cutting-decimation transform. Our\nresults clarify how the splitting arises from the cutting transform and show\nthat the dynamical dimension degeneration is a very peculiar consequence of\nexact decimability.",
        "positive": "Stability analysis of a double similarity transformed coupled cluster\n  theory: In this paper, we have analysed the time series associated with the iterative\nscheme of a double similarity transformed Coupled Cluster theory. The coupled\niterative scheme to solve the ground state Schr{\\\"o}dinger equation is cast as\na multivariate time-discrete map, the solutions show the universal Feigenbaum\ndynamics. Using recurrence analysis, it is shown that the dynamics of the\niterative process is dictated by a small subgroup of cluster operators, mostly\nthose involving chemically active orbitals, whereas all other cluster operators\nwith smaller amplitudes are enslaved. Using Synergetics, we will indicate how\nthe master-slave dynamics can suitably be exploited to develop a novel\ncoupled-cluster algorithm in a much-reduced dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extreme events in globally coupled chaotic maps: Understanding and predicting uncertain things are the central themes of\nscientific evolution. Human beings revolve around these fears of uncertainties\nconcerning various aspects like a global pandemic, health, finances, to name\nbut a few. Dealing with this unavoidable part of life is far tougher due to the\nchaotic nature of these unpredictable activities. In the present article, we\nconsider a global network of identical chaotic maps, which splits into two\ndifferent clusters, despite the interaction between all nodes are uniform. The\nstability analysis of the spatially homogeneous chaotic solutions provides a\ncritical coupling strength, before which we anticipate such partial\nsynchronization. The distance between these two chaotic synchronized\npopulations often deviates more than eight times of standard deviation from its\nlong-term average. The probability density function of these highly deviated\nvalues fits well with the Generalized Extreme Value distribution. Meanwhile,\nthe distribution of recurrence time intervals between extreme events resembles\nthe Weibull distribution. The existing literature helps us to characterize such\nevents as extreme events using the significant height. These extremely high\nfluctuations are less frequent in terms of their occurrence. We determine\nnumerically a range of coupling strength for these extremely large but\nrecurrent events. On-off intermittency is the responsible mechanism underlying\nthe formation of such extreme events. Besides understanding the generation of\nsuch extreme events and their statistical signature, we furnish forecasting\nthese events using the powerful deep learning algorithms of an artificial\nrecurrent neural network. This Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) can offer handy\none-step forecasting of these chaotic intermittent bursts. We also ensure the\nrobustness of this forecasting model with two hundred hidden cells in each LSTM\nlayer.",
        "positive": "Preface: New trends in first-passage methods and applications in the\n  life sciences and engineering: This is the preface to the special issue of the Journal of Physics A:\nMathematical and Theoretical, entitled \"New trends in first-passage methods and\napplications in the life sciences and engineering\""
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergence of Network Structure in Models of Collective Evolution and\n  Evolutionary Dynamics: We consider an evolving network of a fixed number of nodes. The allocation of\nedges is a dynamical stochastic process inspired by biological reproduction\ndynamics, namely by deleting and duplicating existing nodes and their edges.\nThe properties of the degree distribution in the stationary state is analysed\nby use of the Fokker-Planck equation. For a broad range of parameters\nexponential degree distributions are observed. The mechanism responsible for\nthis behaviour is illuminated by use of a simple mean field equation and\nreproduced by the Fokker-Planck equation treating the degree-degree\ncorrelations approximately. In the limit of zero mutations the degree\ndistribution becomes a power law.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics. IV: Generalization of Maxwell,\n  Claussius-Clapeyron and Response Functions Relations, and the Prigogine-Defay\n  Ratio for Systems in Internal Equilibrium: We follow the consequences of internal equilibrium in non-equilibrium systems\nthat has been introduced recently [Phys. Rev. E 81, 051130 (2010)] to obtain\nthe generalization of Maxwell's relation and the Clausius-Clapeyron relation\nthat are normally given for equilibrium systems. The use of Jacobians allow for\na more compact way to address the generalized Maxwell relations; the latter are\navailable for any number of internal variables. The Clausius-Clapeyron relation\nin the subspace of observables show not only the non-equilibrium modification\nbut also the modification due to internal variables that play a dominant role\nin glasses. Real systems do not directly turn into glasses (GL) that are frozen\nstructures from the supercooled liquid state L; there is an intermediate state\n(gL) where the internal variables are not frozen. Thus, there is no single\nglass transition. A system possess several kinds of glass transitions, some\nconventional (L \\rightarrow gL; gL\\rightarrow GL) in which the state change\ncontinuously and the transition mimics a continuous or second order transition,\nand some apparent (L\\rightarrow gL; L\\rightarrow GL) in which the free energies\nare discontinuous so that the transition appears as a zeroth order transition,\nas discussed in the text. We evaluate the Prigogine-Defay ratio {\\Pi} in the\nsubspace of the observables at these transitions. We find that it is normally\ndifferent from 1, except at the conventional transition L\\rightarrow gL, where\n{\\Pi}=1 regardless of the number of internal variables."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin tunneling of trigonal and hexagonal ferromagnets in an arbitrarily\n  directed magnetic field: The quantum tunneling of the magnetization vector are studied theoretically\nin single-domain ferromagnetic nanoparticles placed in an external magnetic\nfield at an arbitrarily directed angle in the $ZX$ plane. We consider the\nmagnetocrystalline anisotropy with trigonal and hexagonal crystal symmetry,\nrespectively. By applying the instanton technique in the spin-coherent-state\npath-integral representation, we calculate the tunnel splittings, the tunneling\nrates and the crossover temperatures in the low barrier limit for different\nangle ranges of the external magnetic field ($\\theta_{H}=\\pi/2$,\n$\\pi/2\\ll\\theta_{H}\\ll\\pi$, and $\\theta_{H}=\\pi$). Our results show that the\ntunnel splittings, the tunneling rates and the crossover temperatures depend on\nthe orientation of the external magnetic field distinctly, which provides a\npossible experimental test for magnetic quantum tunneling in nanometer-scale\nsingle-domain ferromagnets.",
        "positive": "Identity of electrons and ionization equilibrium: It is perhaps appropriate that, in a year marking the 90th anniversary of\nMeghnad Saha seminal paper (1920), new developments should call fresh attention\nto the problem of ionization equilibrium in gases. Ionization equilibrium is\nconsidered in the simplest \"physical\" model for an electronic subsystem of\nmatter in a rarefied state, consisting of one localized electronic state in\neach nucleus and delocalized electronic states considered as free ones. It is\nshown that, despite the qualitative agreement, there is a significant\nquantitative difference from the results of applying the Saha formula to the\ndegree of ionization. This is caused by the fact that the Saha formula\ncorresponds to the \"chemical\" model of matter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Legendre structure of the thermostatistics theory based on the\n  Sharma-Taneja-Mittal entropy: The statistical proprieties of complex systems can differ deeply for those of\nclassical systems governed by Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy. In particular, the\nprobability distribution function observed in several complex systems shows a\npower law behavior in the tail which disagrees with the standard exponential\nbehavior showed by Gibbs distribution. Recently, a two-parameter deformed\nfamily of entropies, previously introduced by Sharma, Taneja and Mittal (STM),\nhas been reconsidered in the statistical mechanics framework. Any entropy\nbelonging to this family admits a probability distribution function with an\nasymptotic power law behavior. In the present work we investigate the Legendre\nstructure of the thermostatistics theory based on this family of entropies. We\nintroduce some generalized thermodynamical potentials, study their\nrelationships with the entropy and discuss their main proprieties.\nSpecialization of the results to some one-parameter entropies belonging to the\nSTM family are presented.",
        "positive": "From dynamical scaling to local scale-invariance: a tutorial: Dynamical scaling arises naturally in various many-body systems far from\nequilibrium. After a short historical overview, the elements of possible\nextensions of dynamical scaling to a local scale-invariance will be introduced.\nSchr\\\"odinger-invariance, the most simple example of local scale-invariance,\nwill be introduced as a dynamical symmetry in the Edwards-Wilkinson\nuniversality class of interface growth. The Lie algebra construction, its\nrepresentations and the Bargman superselection rules will be combined with\nnon-equilibrium Janssen-de Dominicis field-theory to produce explicit\npredictions for responses and correlators, which can be compared to the results\nof explicit model studies.\n  At the next level, the study of non-stationary states requires to go over,\nfrom Schr\\\"odinger-invariance, to ageing-invariance. The ageing algebra admits\nnew representations, which acts as dynamical symmetries on more general\nequations, and imply that each non-equilibrium scaling operator is\ncharacterised by two distinct, independent scaling dimensions. Tests of\nageing-invariance are described, in the Glauber-Ising and spherical models of a\nphase-ordering ferromagnet and the Arcetri model of interface growth."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization of Hard-Core Guest Charges Immersed in Two-Dimensional\n  Electrolyte: This paper is a continuation of a previous one [L. {\\v{S}}amaj, {\\it J. Stat.\nPhys.} {\\bf 120}:125 (2005)] dealing with the renormalization of a guest charge\nimmersed in a two-dimensional logarithmic Coulomb gas of pointlike $\\pm$ unit\ncharges, the latter system being in the stability-against-collapse regime of\nreduced inverse temperatures $0\\le \\beta <2$. In the previous work, using a\nsine-Gordon representation of the Coulomb gas, an exact renormalized-charge\nformula was derived for the special case of the {\\em pointlike} guest charge\n$Q$, in its stability regime $\\beta | Q| < 2$. In the present paper, we extend\nthe renormalized-charge treatment to the guest charge with a hard core of\nradius $\\sigma$, which allows us to go beyond the stability border $\\beta| Q| =\n2$. In the limit of the hard-core radius much smaller than the correlation\nlength of the Coulomb-gas species and at a strictly finite temperature, due to\nthe counterion condensation in the extended region $\\beta| Q| >2$, the\nrenormalized charge $Q_{\\rm ren}$ turns out to be a periodic function of the\nbare charge $Q$ with period 1. The renormalized charge therefore does not\nsaturate at a specific finite value as $| Q| \\to\\infty$, but oscillates between\ntwo extreme values. In the high-temperature Poisson-Boltzmann scaling regime of\nlimits $\\beta\\to 0$ and $Q\\to\\infty$ with the product $\\beta Q$ being finite,\none reproduces correctly the monotonic dependence of $\\beta Q_{\\rm ren}$ on\n$\\beta Q$ in the guest-charge stability region $\\beta| Q| <2$ and the\nManning-Oosawa type of counterion condensation with the uniform saturation of\n$\\beta Q_{\\rm ren}$ at the value $4/\\pi$ in the region $\\beta| Q|\\ge 2$.",
        "positive": "The Ising model in a Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld sandpile: We study the spin-1 Ising model with non-local constraints imposed by the\nBak-Tang-Wiesenfeld sandpile model of self-organized criticality (SOC). The\nmodel is constructed as if the sandpile is being built on a (honeycomb) lattice\nwith Ising interactions. In this way we combine two models that exhibit\npower-law decay of correlation functions characterized by different exponents.\nWe discuss the model properties through an order parameter and the mean energy\nper node, as well as the temperature dependence of their fourth-order Binder\ncumulants. We find (i) a thermodynamic phase transition at a finite T_c between\nparamagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases, and (ii) that above T_c the\ncorrelation functions decay in a way typical of SOC. The usual thermodynamic\ncriticality of the two-dimensional Ising model is not affected by SOC\nconstraints (the specific heat critical exponent \\alpha \\approx 0), nor are\nSOC-induced correlations affected by the interactions of the Ising model. Even\nthough the constraints imposed by the SOC model induce long-range correlations,\nas if at standard (thermodynamic) criticality, these SOC-induced correlations\nhave no impact on the thermodynamic functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First passage time processes and subordinated SLE: We study the first passage time processes of anomalous diffusion on self\nsimilar curves in two dimensions. The scaling properties of the mean square\ndisplacement and mean first passage time of the ballistic motion, fractional\nBrownian motion and subordinated walk on different fractal curves (loop erased\nrandom walk, harmonic explorer and percolation front) are derived. We also\ndefine natural parametrized subordinated Schramm Loewner evolution (NS-SLE) as\na mathematical tool that can model diffusion on fractal curves. The scaling\nproperties of the mean square displacement and mean first passage time for\nNS-SLE are obtained by numerical means.",
        "positive": "Current Fluctuations and Statistics During a Large Deviation Event in an\n  Exactly-Solvable Transport Model: We study the distribution of the time-integrated current in an\nexactly-solvable toy model of heat conduction, both analytically and\nnumerically. The simplicity of the model allows us to derive the full current\nlarge deviation function and the system statistics during a large deviation\nevent. In this way we unveil a relation between system statistics at the end of\na large deviation event and for intermediate times. Midtime statistics is\nindependent of the sign of the current, a reflection of the time-reversal\nsymmetry of microscopic dynamics, while endtime statistics do depend on the\ncurrent sign, and also on its microscopic definition. We compare our exact\nresults with simulations based on the direct evaluation of large deviation\nfunctions, analyzing the finite-size corrections of this simulation method and\nderiving detailed bounds for its applicability. We also show how the\nGallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem can be used to determine the range of\nvalidity of simulation results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bose-Einstein Condensation of a Gaussian Random Field in the\n  Thermodynamic Limit: We derive the criterion for the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of a\nGaussian field $\\phi$ (real or complex) in the thermodynamic limit. The field\nis characterized by its covariance function and the control parameter is the\nintensity $u=\\|\\phi\\|_2^2/V$, where $V$ is the volume of the box containing the\nfield. We show that for any dimension $d$ (including $d=1$), there is a class\nof covariance functions for which $\\phi$ exhibits a BEC as $u$ is increased\nthrough a critical value $u_c$. In this case, we investigate the probability\ndistribution of the part of $u$ contained in the condensate. We show that\ndepending on the parameters characterizing the covariance function and the\ndimension $d$, there can be two distinct types of condensate: a Gaussian\ndistributed \"normal\" condensate with fluctuations scaling as $1/\\sqrt{V}$, and\na non Gaussian distributed \"anomalous\" condensate. A detailed analysis of the\nanomalous condensate is performed for a one-dimensional system ($d=1$).\nExtending this one-dimensional analysis to exactly the point of transition\nbetween normal and anomalous condensations, we find that the condensate at the\ntransition point is still Gaussian distributed but with anomalously large\nfluctuations scaling as $\\sqrt{\\ln(L)/L}$, where $L$ is the system length. The\nconditional spectral density of $\\phi$, knowing $u$, is given for all the\nregimes (with and without BEC).",
        "positive": "Comment on ``Critical behavior of a two-species reaction-diffusion\n  problem'': In a recent paper, de Freitas et al. [Phys. Rev. E 61, 6330 (2000)] presented\nsimulational results for the critical exponents of the two-species\nreaction-diffusion system A + B -> 2B and B -> A in dimension d = 1. In\nparticular, the correlation length exponent was found as \\nu = 2.21(5) in\ncontradiction to the exact relation \\nu = 2/d. In this Comment, the symmetry\narguments leading to exact critical exponents for the universality class of\nthis reaction-diffusion system are concisely reconsidered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetization plateaus in the Ising limit of the multiple-spin exchange\n  model on plaquette chain: We consider the Ising spin system, which stems out from the corresponding\nMultiple-spin exchange (MSE) Hamiltonian, on the special one--dimensional\nlattice, diamond-plaquette chain. Using the technique e of transfer-matrix we\nobtain the exact expression for system free energy with the aid of which we\nobtain the magnetization function. Analyzing magnetization curves for varies\nvalues of temperature and couplin constants we found the magnetization plateaux\nat 1/3 and 2/3 of the full moment.\n  The corresponding microscopic spin configurations are unknown by virtue of\nhigh frustration.",
        "positive": "Random interface growth in random environment: Renormalization group\n  analysis of a simple model: We study effects of turbulent mixing on the random growth of an interface in\nthe problem of the deposition of a substance on a substrate. The growth is\nmodelled by the well-known Kardar--Parisi--Zhang model. The turbulent advecting\nvelocity field is modelled by the Kraichnan's rapid-change ensemble: Gaussian\nstatistics with the correlation function $\\langle vv\\rangle \\propto\n\\delta(t-t') \\, k^{-d-\\xi}$, where $k$ is the wave number and $0<\\xi<2$ is a\nfree parameter. Effects of compressibility of the fluid are studied. Using the\nfield theoretic renormalization group we show that, depending on the relation\nbetween the exponent $\\xi$ and the spatial dimension $d$, the system reveals\ndifferent types of large-scale, long-time asymptotic behaviour, associated with\nfour possible fixed points of the renormalization group equations. In addition\nto known regimes (ordinary diffusion, ordinary growth process, and passively\nadvected scalar field), existence of a new nonequilibrium universality class is\nestablished. Practical calculations of the fixed point coordinates, their\nregions of stability and critical dimensions are calculated to the first order\nof the double expansion in $\\xi$ and $\\varepsilon=2-d$ (one-loop\napproximation). It turns out that for incompressible fluid, the most realistic\nvalues $\\xi=4/3$ or 2 and $d=1$ or 2 correspond to the case of passive scalar\nfield, when the nonlinearity of the KPZ model is irrelevant and the interface\ngrowth is completely determined by the turbulent transfer. If the\ncompressibility becomes strong enough, the crossover in the critical behaviour\noccurs, and these values of $d$ and $\\xi$ fall into the region of stability of\nthe new regime, where the advection and the nonlinearity are both important."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum echo dynamics in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model: Understanding the footprints of chaos in quantum-many-body systems has been\nunder debate for a long time. In this work, we study the echo dynamics of the\nSherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model with transverse field under effective time\nreversal. We investigate numerically its quantum and semiclassical dynamics. We\nexplore how chaotic many-body quantum physics can lead to exponential\ndivergence of the echo of observables and we show that it is a result of three\nrequirements: i) the collective nature of the observable, ii) a properly chosen\ninitial state and iii) the existence of a well-defined chaotic semi-classical\n(large-$N$) limit. Under these conditions, the echo grows exponentially up to\nthe Ehrenfest time, which scales logarithmically with the number of spins $N$.\nIn this regime, the echo is well described by the semiclassical (truncated\nWigner) approximation. We also discuss a short-range version of the SK model,\nwhere the Ehrenfest time does not depend on $N$ and the quantum echo shows only\npolynomial growth. Our findings provide new insights on scrambling and echo\ndynamics and how to observe it experimentally.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium chemical potentials of steady-state lattice gas models in\n  contact: A large-deviations approach: We introduce a general framework to describe the stationary state of two\ndriven systems exchanging particles or mass through a contact, in a slow\nexchange limit. The definition of chemical potentials for the systems in\ncontact requires that the large-deviations function describing the repartition\nof mass between the two systems is additive, in the sense of being a sum of\ncontributions from each system. We show that this additivity property is\nsatisfied on condition that a macroscopic detailed balance condition holds at\ncontact, and that the coarse-grained contact dynamics satisfies a factorization\nproperty. However, the nonequilibrium chemical potentials of the systems in\ncontact keep track of the contact dynamics, and thus do not obey an equation of\nstate. These nonequilibrium chemical potentials can be related either to the\nequilibrium chemical potential, or to the nonequilibrium chemical potential of\nthe isolated systems. Results are applied both to an exactly solvable driven\nlattice gas model, and to the Katz-Lebowitz-Spohn model using a numerical\nprocedure to evaluate the chemical potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement used to identify critical systems: We promote use of the geometric entropy formula derived by Holzhey et. al.\nfrom conformal field theory, $S_\\ell\\sim ({c}/{3}) \\log(\\sin{\\pi\\ell}/{N})$, to\nidentify critical regions in zero temperature 1D quantum systems. The method is\ndemonstrated on a class of one-dimensional XY and $XYZ$ spin-1/2 chains, where\nthe critical regions and their correponding central charges can be reproduced\nwith quite modest computational efforts.",
        "positive": "Entanglement spreading after local fermionic excitations in the XXZ\n  chain: We study the spreading of entanglement produced by the time evolution of a\nlocal fermionic excitation created above the ground state of the XXZ chain. The\nresulting entropy profiles are investigated via density-matrix renormalization\ngroup calculations, and compared to a quasiparticle ansatz. In particular, we\nassume that the entanglement is dominantly carried by spinon excitations\ntraveling at different velocities, and the entropy profile is reproduced by a\nprobabilistic expression involving the density fraction of the spinons reaching\nthe subsystem. The ansatz works well in the gapless phase for moderate values\nof the XXZ anisotropy, eventually deteriorating as other types of quasiparticle\nexcitations gain spectral weight. Furthermore, if the initial state is excited\nby a local Majorana fermion, we observe a nontrivial rescaling of the entropy\nprofiles. This effect is further investigated in a conformal field theory\nframework, carrying out calculations for the Luttinger liquid theory. Finally,\nwe also consider excitations creating an antiferromagnetic domain wall in the\ngapped phase of the chain, and find again a modified quasiparticle ansatz with\na multiplicative factor."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergence of extended Newtonian gravity from thermodynamics: Discovery of a novel thermodynamic aspect of nonrelativistic gravity is\nreported. Here, initially, an unspecified scalar field potential is considered\nand treated not as an externally applied field but as a thermodynamic variable\non an equal footing with the fluid variables. It is shown that the second law\nof thermodynamics imposes a stringent constraint on the field, and, quite\nremarkably, the allowable field turns out to be only of gravity. The resulting\nfield equation for the gravitational potential derived from the analysis of the\nentropy production rate contains a dissipative term due to irreversibility. It\nis found that the system relaxes to the conventional theory of Newtonian\ngravity up to a certain spatial scale, whereas on the larger scale there\nemerges non-Newtonian gravity described by a nonlinear field equation\ncontaining a single coefficient. A comment is made on an estimation of the\ncoefficient that has its origin in the thermodynamic property of the system.",
        "positive": "Systematic perturbation approach for a dynamical scaling law in a\n  kinetically constrained spin model: The dynamical behaviours of a kinetically constrained spin model\n(Fredrickson-Andersen model) on a Bethe lattice are investigated by a\nperturbation analysis that provides exact final states above the nonergodic\ntransition point. It is observed that the time-dependent solutions of the\nderived dynamical systems obtained by the perturbation analysis become\nsystematically closer to the results obtained by Monte Carlo simulations as the\norder of a perturbation series is increased. This systematic perturbation\nanalysis also clarifies the existence of a dynamical scaling law, which\nprovides a implication for a universal relation between a size scale and a time\nscale near the nonergodic transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A contour for the entanglement entropies in harmonic lattices: We construct a contour function for the entanglement entropies in generic\nharmonic lattices. In one spatial dimension, numerical analysis are performed\nby considering harmonic chains with either periodic or Dirichlet boundary\nconditions. In the massless regime and for some configurations where the\nsubsystem is a single interval, the numerical results for the contour function\nare compared to the inverse of the local weight function which multiplies the\nenergy-momentum tensor in the corresponding entanglement hamiltonian, found\nthrough conformal field theory methods, and a good agreement is observed. A\nnumerical analysis of the contour function for the entanglement entropy is\nperformed also in a massless harmonic chain for a subsystem made by two\ndisjoint intervals.",
        "positive": "Temperature dependent divergence of thermal conductivity in momentum\n  conserving 1D lattice with asymmetric potential: In this study we used nonequilibrium simulation method to investigate the\ntemperature dependent divergence of thermal conductivity in one dimensional\nmomentum conserving system with asymmetric double well nearest-neighbor\ninteraction potential. We show that the value of divergence exponent ($\\alpha$)\nin the power law divergence of thermal conductivity depends on the temperature\nof the system. At low and high temperatures $\\alpha$ reaches close to $\\sim0.5$\nand $\\sim0.33$ respectively. Whereas in the intermediate temperature the\ndivergence of thermal conductivity with the chain length saturates with\n$\\alpha\\sim0.07$. Subsequent analysis showed that the predicted value of\n$\\alpha$ in the intermediate temperature may not have reached its thermodynamic\nlimit. Further calculations of local $\\alpha$ revealed that its approach\ntowards the thermodynamic limit crucially dependent on the temperature of the\nsystem. At low and high temperatures local $\\alpha$ reaches its thermodynamic\nlimits in shorter chain lengths. On the contrary in case of intermediate\ntemperature it's progress towards the asymptotic limit is nonmonotonous."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "General criteria for the stability of uniaxially ordered states of\n  Incommensurate-Commensurate Systems: Reconsidering the variational procedure for uniaxial systems modeled by\ncontinuous free energy functionals, we derive new general conditions for\nthermodynamic extrema. The utility of these conditions is briefly illustrated\non the models for the classes I and II of incommensurate-commensurate systems.",
        "positive": "Ageing at the Spin-Glass/Ferromagnet Transition: Monte Carlo Simulation\n  using GPUs: We study the the non-equilibrium ageing behaviour of the +/-J\nEdwards-Anderson model in three dimensions for samples of size up to N=128^3\nand for up to 10^8 Monte Carlo sweeps. In particular we are interested in the\nchange of the ageing when crossing from the spin-glass phase to the\nferromagnetic phase. The necessary long simulation times are reached by\nemploying a CUDA-based GPU implementation, which allows for single-spin flip\ntimes as small as 8ps. We measure typical spin glass correlation functions in\nspace and time to determine the growing length scale and extract the\nconstituting exponents. We observe a clear signature of the disorder-driven\nequilibrium transition in the non-equilibrium behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transition in a Traffic Model with Passing: We investigate a traffic model in which cars either move freely with quenched\nintrinsic velocities or belong to clusters formed behind slower cars. In each\ncluster, the next-to-leading car is allowed to pass and resume free motion. The\nmodel undergoes a phase transition from a disordered phase for the high passing\nrate to a jammed phase for the low rate. In the disordered phase, the cluster\nsize distribution decays exponentially in the large size limit. In the jammed\nphase, the cluster size distribution has a power law tail and in addition there\nis an infinite-size cluster. Mean-field equations, describing the model in the\nframework of Maxwell approximation, correctly predict the existence of phase\ntransition and adequately describe the disordered phase; properties of the\njammed phase are studied numerically.",
        "positive": "Happier World with More Information: We explore the consequences of incomplete information in the stable marriage\nproblem. When information capacity of the participants is increased, more\nfavorable games are created and the quality of the matches are also better. The\nsimple model serves as a metaphor for a world with ever more computing power\nthat leads to more positive inter-personal interactions and of higher quality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the origin of power-law distributions in systems with constrained\n  phase space: Behavior of condensed matter systems deviating from the standard equilibrium\nconditions is discussed. Statistical properties of coupled dynamic-stochastic\nsystems are studied within a combination of the maximum information principle\nand the superstatistical approach. The conditions at which the Shannon entropy\nfunctional leads to a power-law statistics are investigated. It is demonstrated\nthat, from a quite general point of view, the power-law dependencies may appear\nas a consequence of \"global\" constraints restricting both the dynamic phase\nspace and the stochastic fluctuations. As a result, at sufficiently long\nobservation times, the dynamic counterpart is driven into a non-equilibrium\nsteady state whose deviation from the usual exponential statistics is given by\nthe distance from the conventional equilibrium.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics of optimization problems: Here I will present an introduction to the results that have been recently\nobtained in constraint optimization of random problems using statistical\nmechanics techniques. After presenting the general results, in order to\nsimplify the presentation I will describe in details the problems related to\nthe coloring of a random graph."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The fully frustrated XY model with next nearest neighbor interaction: We introduce a fully frustrated XY model with nearest neighbor (nn) and next\nnearest neighbor (nnn) couplings which can be realized in Josephson junction\narrays. We study the phase diagram for $0\\leq x \\leq 1$ ($x$ is the ratio\nbetween nnn and nn couplings). When $x < 1/\\sqrt{2}$ an Ising and a\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions are present. Both critical\ntemperatures decrease with increasing $x$. For $x > 1/\\sqrt{2}$ the array\nundergoes a sequence of two transitions. On raising the temperature first the\ntwo sublattices decouple from each other and then, at higher temperatures, each\nsublattice becomes disorderd.",
        "positive": "On the Dominance of Trivial Knots among SAPs on a Cubic Lattice: The knotting probability is defined by the probability with which an $N$-step\nself-avoiding polygon (SAP) with a fixed type of knot appears in the\nconfiguration space. We evaluate these probabilities for some knot types on a\nsimple cubic lattice. For the trivial knot, we find that the knotting\nprobability decays much slower for the SAP on the cubic lattice than for\ncontinuum models of the SAP as a function of $N$. In particular the\ncharacteristic length of the trivial knot that corresponds to a `half-life' of\nthe knotting probability is estimated to be $2.5 \\times 10^5$ on the cubic\nlattice."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Novel Trick to Overcome the Phase Space Volume Change and the Use of\n  Hamiltonian Trajectories with an emphasis on the Free Expansion: We extend and successfully apply a recently proposed microstate\nnonequilibrium thermodynamics to study expansion/contraction processes. Here,\nthe numbers of initial and final microstates are different so they cannot be\nconnected by unique Hamiltonian trajectories. This commonly happens when the\nphase space volume changes, and has not been studied so far using Hamiltonian\ntrajectories that can be inverted to yield an identity mapping between initial\nand final microstates as the parameter in the Hamiltonian is changed. We\npropose a trick to overcome this hurdle with a focus on free expansion in an\nisolated system, where the concept of dissipated work is not clear. The trick\nis shown to be thermodynamically consistent and can be extremely useful in\nsimulation. We justify that it is the thermodynamic average of the internal\nmicrowork done by a microstate that is dissipated; this microwork is different\nfrom the exchange microwork with the vacuum, which vanishes. We also establish\nthat the microwork is nonnegative for free expansion, which is remarkable,\nsince its sign is not fixed in a general process.",
        "positive": "Measurement of work in single-molecule experiments: A main goal of single-molecule experiments is to evaluate equilibrium free\nenergy differences by applying fluctuation relations to repeated work\nmeasurements along irreversible processes. We quantify the error that is made\nin a free energy estimate by means of the Jarzynski equality when the\naccumulated work expended on the whole system (including the instrument) is\nerroneously replaced by the work transferred to the subsystem consisting of the\nsole molecular construct. We find that the error may be as large as 100%,\ndepending on the number of experiments and on the bandwidth of the data\nacquisition apparatus. Our theoretical estimate is validated by numerical\nsimulations and pulling experiments on DNA hairpins using optical tweezers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations of power injection in randomly driven granular gases: We investigate the large deviation function pi(w) for the fluctuations of the\npower W(t)=w t, integrated over a time t, injected by a homogeneous random\ndriving into a granular gas, in the infinite time limit. Starting from a\ngeneralized Liouville equation we obtain an equation for the generating\nfunction of the cumulants mu(lambda) which appears as a generalization of the\ninelastic Boltzmann equation and has a clear physical interpretation.\nReasonable assumptions are used to obtain mu(lambda) in a closed analytical\nform. A Legendre transform is sufficient to get the large deviation function\npi(w). Our main result, apart from an estimate of all the cumulants of W(t) at\nlarge times t, is that pi(w) has no negative branch. This immediately results\nin the failure of the Gallavotti-Cohen Fluctuation Relation (GCFR), that in\nprevious studies had been suggested to be valid for injected power in driven\ngranular gases. We also present numerical results, in order to discuss the\nfinite time behavior of the fluctuations of W(t). We discover that their\nprobability density function converges extremely slowly to its asymptotic\nscaling form: the third cumulant saturates after a characteristic time larger\nthan 50 mean free times and the higher order cumulants evolve even slower. The\nasymptotic value is in good agreement with our theory. Remarkably, a numerical\ncheck of the GCFR is feasible only at small times, since negative events\ndisappear at larger times. At such small times this check leads to the\nmisleading conclusion that GCFR is satisfied for pi(w). We offer an explanation\nfor this remarkable apparent verification. In the inelastic Maxwell model,\nwhere a better statistics can be achieved, we are able to numerically observe\nthe failure of GCFR.",
        "positive": "The elastic depinning transition of vortex lattices in two dimensions: Large scale numerical simulations are used to study the elastic dynamics of\ntwo-dimensional vortex lattices driven on a disordered medium in the case of\nweak disorder. We investigate the so-called elastic depinning transition by\ndecreasing the driving force from the elastic dynamical regime to the state\npinned by the quenched disorder. Similarly to the plastic depinning transition,\nwe find results compatible with a second order phase transition, although both\ndepinning transitions are very different from many viewpoints. We evaluate\nthree critical exponents of the elastic depinning transition. $\\beta = 0.29 \\pm\n0.03$ is found for the velocity exponent at zero temperature, and from the\nvelocity-temperature curves we extract the critical exponent $\\delta^{-1} =\n0.28 \\pm 0.05$. Furthermore, in contrast with charge-density waves, a\nfinite-size scaling analysis suggests the existence of a unique diverging\nlength at the depinning threshold with an exponent $\\nu= 1.04 \\pm 0.04$, which\ncontrols the critical force distribution, the finite-size crossover force\ndistribution and the intrinsic correlation length. Finally, a scaling relation\nis found between velocity and temperature with the $\\beta$ and $\\delta$\ncritical exponents both independent with regard to pinning strength and\ndisorder realizations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous diffusion in nonhomogeneous media: Time-subordinated Langevin\n  equation approach: Diffusion in nonhomogeneous media is described by a dynamical process driven\nby a general Levy noise and subordinated to a random time; the subordinator\ndepends on the position. This problem is approximated by a multiplicative\nprocess subordinated to a random time: it separately takes into account effects\nrelated to the medium structure and the memory. Density distributions and\nmoments are derived from the solutions of the corresponding Langevin equation\nand compared with the numerical calculations for the exact problem. Both\nsubdiffusion and enhanced diffusion are predicted. Distribution of the process\nsatisfies the fractional Fokker-Planck equation.",
        "positive": "Transport manifestations of fluctuation-induced effects in dissipative\n  impurities: We investigate the transport properties of a quantum wire of weakly\ninteracting fermions in the presence of a dissipative impurity. We calculate\ncurrent and conductance in this system due to applied external chemical\npotential bias that can be measured in experimental realizations of ultracold\nfermions in quasi one-dimensional traps. Using a Keldysh field theory approach\nbased on the Lindblad equation, we establish a perturbative scheme to study the\neffect of imbalanced reservoirs. Logarithmically divergent terms are resummed\nusing a renormalization group method, and a novel power-law behavior for the\nconductance as a function of the potential bias across the wire is found. In\ncontrast to the equilibrium case of a potential barrier in a Luttinger liquid,\nthe conductance exhibits a scaling behavior, which depends on the interaction\nstrength and on the loss probability. Repulsive interactions reduce the\nconductance of the wire while attractive interactions enhance it. However,\nperfect reflectivity and transparency are only reached in the absence of\ndissipation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Moduli of curve families and (quasi-)conformality of power-law entropies: We present aspects of the moduli of curve families on a metric measure space\nwhich may prove useful in calculating, or in providing bounds to, non-additive\nentropies having a power-law functional form. We use as paradigmatic cases the\ncalculations of the moduli of curve families for a cylinder and for an annulus\nin $\\mathbb{R}^n$. The underlying motivation for these studies is that the\ndefinitions and some properties of the modulus of a curve family resembles\nthose of the Tsallis entropy, when the latter is seen from a micro-canonical\nviewpoint. We comment on the origin of the conjectured invariance of the\nTsallis entropy under M\\\"obius transformations of the non-extensive (entropic)\nparameter. Needing techniques applicable to both locallly Euclidean and fractal\nclasses of spaces, we examine the behavior of the Tsallis functional, via the\nmodulus, under quasi-conformal maps. We comment on properties of such maps and\ntheir possible significance for the dynamical foundations of power-law\nentropies.",
        "positive": "Accelerated rare event sampling: A sampling procedure for the transition matrix Monte Carlo method is\nintroduced that generates the density of states function over a wide parameter\nrange with minimal coding effort."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of the two-dimensional directed Ising model: zero-temperature\n  coarsening: We investigate the laws of coarsening of a two-dimensional system of Ising\nspins evolving under single-spin-flip irreversible dynamics at low temperature\nfrom a disordered initial condition. The irreversibility of the dynamics comes\nfrom the directedness, or asymmetry, of the influence of the neighbours on the\nflipping spin. We show that the main characteristics of phase ordering at low\ntemperature, such as self-similarity of the patterns formed by the growing\ndomains, and the related scaling laws obeyed by the observables of interest,\nwhich hold for reversible dynamics, are still present when the dynamics is\ndirected and irreversible, but with different scaling behaviour. In particular\nthe growth of domains, instead of being diffusive as is the case when dynamics\nis reversible, becomes ballistic. Likewise, the autocorrelation function and\nthe persistence probability (the probability that a given spin keeps its sign\nup to time $t$) have still power-law decays but with different exponents.",
        "positive": "On free energy of three-dimensional Ising model at criticality: Higher-order vertices at zero external momenta for the scalar field theory\ndescribing the critical behaviour of the Ising model are studied within the\nfield-theoretical renormalization group (RG) approach in three dimensions.\nDimensionless six-point g_6 and eight-point g_8 effective coupling constants\nare calculated in the three-loop approximation. Their numerical values,\nuniversal at criticality, are estimated by means of the Pade and Pade-Borel\nsummation of the RG expansions found and by putting the renormalized quartic\ncoupling constant equal to its universal fixed-point value known from six-loop\nRG calculations. The values of g_6^* obtained are compared with their analogs\nresulting from the \\epsilon-expansion, Monte Carlo simulations, the\nWegner--Houghton equations and the linked cluster expansion series. The\nfield-theoretical estimates for g_6^* are shown to be in a good agreement with\neach other, differing considerably from the values given by other methods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficient Reactive Brownian Dynamics: We develop a Split Reactive Brownian Dynamics (SRBD) algorithm for particle\nsimulations of reaction-diffusion systems based on the Doi or volume reactivity\nmodel, in which pairs of particles react with a specified Poisson rate if they\nare closer than a chosen reactive distance. In our Doi model, we ensure that\nthe microscopic reaction rules for various association and disassociation\nreactions are consistent with detailed balance (time reversibility) at\nthermodynamic equilibrium. The SRBD algorithm uses Strang splitting in time to\nseparate reaction and diffusion, and solves both the diffusion-only and\nreaction-only subproblems exactly, even at high packing densities. To\nefficiently process reactions without uncontrolled approximations, SRBD employs\nan event-driven algorithm that processes reactions in a time-ordered sequence\nover the duration of the time step. A grid of cells with size larger than all\nof the reactive distances is used to schedule and process the reactions, but\nunlike traditional grid-based methods such as Reaction-Diffusion Master\nEquation (RDME) algorithms, the results of SRBD are statistically independent\nof the size of the grid used to accelerate the processing of reactions. We use\nthe SRBD algorithm to compute the effective macroscopic reaction rate for both\nreaction- and diffusion-limited irreversible association in three dimensions.\nWe also study long-time tails in the time correlation functions for reversible\nassociation at thermodynamic equilibrium. Finally, we compare different\nparticle and continuum methods on a model exhibiting a Turing-like instability\nand pattern formation. We find that for models in which particles diffuse off\nlattice, such as the Doi model, reactions lead to a spurious enhancement of the\neffective diffusion coefficients.",
        "positive": "The Cole-Cole Law for Critical Dynamics in Glass-Forming Liquids: Within the mode-coupling theory (MCT) for glassy dynamics, the asymptotic\nlow-frequency expansions for the dynamical susceptibilities at critical points\nare compared to the expansions for the dynamic moduli; this shows that the\nconvergence properties of the two expansions can be quite different. In some\nparameter regions, the leading-order expansion formula for the modulus\ndescribes the solutions of the MCT equations of motion outside the transient\nregime successfully; at the same time, the leading- and next-to-leading order\nexpansion formulas for the susceptibility fail. In these cases, one can derive\na Cole-Cole law for the susceptibilities; and this law accounts for the\ndynamics for frequencies below the band of microscopic excitations and above\nthe high-frequency part of the alpha-peak. It is shown that this scenario\nexplains the optical-Kerr-effect data measured for salol and benzophenone\n(BZP). For BZP it is inferred that the depolarized light-scattering spectra\nexhibit a wing for the alpha-peak within the Gigahertz band. This wing results\nfrom the crossover of the von Schweidler-law part of the alpha-peak to the\nhigh-frequency part of the Cole-Cole peak; and this crossover can be described\nquantitatively by the leading-order formulas of MCT for the modulus."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The $p\u03bbn$ fractal decomposition: Nontrivial partitions of\n  conserved physical quantities: A mathematical method for constructing fractal curves and surfaces, termed\nthe $p\\lambda n$ fractal decomposition, is presented. It allows any function to\nbe split into a finite set of fractal discontinuous functions whose sum is\nequal everywhere to the original function. Thus, the method is specially suited\nfor constructing families of fractal objects arising from a conserved physical\nquantity, the decomposition yielding an exact partition of the quantity in\nquestion. Most prominent classes of examples are provided by Hamiltonians and\npartition functions of statistical ensembles: By using this method, any such\nfunction can be decomposed in the ordinary sum of a specified number of terms\n(generally fractal functions), the decomposition being both exact and valid\neverywhere on the domain of the function.",
        "positive": "Boundary-induced phase transitions in traffic flow: Boundary-induced phase transitions are one of the surprising phenomena\nappearing in nonequilibrium systems. These transitions have been found in\ndriven systems, especially the asymmetric simple exclusion process. However, so\nfar no direct observations of this phenomenon in real systems exists. Here we\npresent evidence for the appearance of such a nonequilibrium phase transition\nin traffic flow occurring on highways in the vicinity of on- and off-ramps.\nMeasurements on a German motorway close to Cologne show a first-order\nnonequilibrium phase transition between a free-flow phase and a congested\nphase. It is induced by the interplay of density waves (caused by an on-ramp)\nand a shock wave moving on the motorway. The full phase diagram, including the\neffect of off-ramps, is explored using computer simulations and suggests means\nto optimize the capacity of a traffic network."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal current fluctuations in the symmetric exclusion process and\n  other diffusive systems: We show, using the macroscopic fluctuation theory of Bertini, De Sole,\nGabrielli, Jona-Lasinio, and Landim, that the statistics of the current of the\nsymmetric simple exclusion process (SSEP) connected to two reservoirs are the\nsame on an arbitrary large finite domain in dimension $d$ as in the one\ndimensional case. Numerical results on squares support this claim while results\non cubes exhibit some discrepancy. We argue that the results of the macroscopic\nfluctuation theory should be recovered by increasing the size of the contacts.\nThe generalization to other diffusive systems is straightforward.",
        "positive": "Corrections to Scaling for the Two-dimensional Dynamic XY Model: With large-scale Monte Carlo simulations, we confirm that for the\ntwo-dimensional XY model, there is a logarithmic correction to scaling in the\ndynamic relaxation starting from a completely disordered state, while only an\ninverse power law correction in the case of starting from an ordered state. The\ndynamic exponent $z$ is $z=2.04(1)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement and correlation functions following a local quench: a\n  conformal field theory approach: We show that the dynamics resulting from preparing a one-dimensional quantum\nsystem in the ground state of two decoupled parts, then joined together and\nleft to evolve unitarily with a translational invariant Hamiltonian (a local\nquench), can be described by means of quantum field theory. In the case when\nthe corresponding theory is conformal, we study the evolution of the\nentanglement entropy for different bi-partitions of the line. We also consider\nthe behavior of one- and two-point correlation functions. All our findings may\nbe explained in terms of a picture, that we believe to be valid more generally,\nwhereby quasiparticles emitted from the joining point at the initial time\npropagate semiclassically through the system.",
        "positive": "Langevin equation and fractional dynamics: Recent rapid advances in single particle tracking and supercomputing\ntechniques resulted in an unprecedented abundance of diffusion data exhibiting\ncomplex behaviours, such the presence of power law tails of the msd and memory\nfunctions, commonly referred to as \"fractional dynamics\". Motivated by these\ndevelopments, we study the stationary solutions of the classical and\ngeneralized Langevin equation as models of the contemporarily observed\nphenomena.\n  In the first chapter we sketch the historical background of the generalized\nLangevin equation. The second chapter is devoted to the brief overview of the\ntheory of the Gaussian variables and processes. In the third chapter we derive\nthe generalized Langevin equation from Hamilton's equations of motion. In the\nfourth chapter the series of propositions and theorems shows that a large class\nof Langevin equations has a solutions that, sampled in discrete time, are the\nmoving average autoregressive processes, which can be analysed using large\nnumber of available statistical methods. The fifth chapter starts with a short\nintroduction into the basic notions of ergodic theory. Then we prove a\ngeneralized version of the classical Maruyama's theorem, which describes the\ntime averages of all stationary Gaussian processes with a finite number of\nspectral atoms. In the last, sixth chapter we continue the study of the\nnon-ergodic solutions of the Langevin equation, this time introducing the\nergodicity breaking through the random parametrisation of the equation itself.\nThis leads to a specific form of non-Gaussianity which affects only\nmany-dimensional distributions of the process. The main result of this chapter\nis the series of propositions which describes the second order structure of\nsolutions of the superstatistical Langevin equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adsorbate surface diffusion: The role of incoherent tunneling in light\n  particle motion: The role of incoherent tunneling in the diffusion of light atoms on surfaces\nis investigated. With this purpose, a Chudley-Elliot master equation\nconstrained to nearest neighbors is considered within the Grabert-Weiss\napproach to quantum diffusion in periodic lattices. This model is applied to\nrecent measurements of atomic H and D on Pt(111), rendering friction\ncoefficients that are in the range of those available in the literature for\nother species of adsorbates. A simple extension of the model has also been\nconsidered to evaluate the relationship between coverage and tunneling, and\ntherefore the feasibility of the approach. An increase of the tunneling rate\nhas been observed as the surface coverage decreases.",
        "positive": "Active Particles Moving in Two-Dimensional Space with Constant Speed:\n  Revisiting the Telegrapher's Equation: Starting from a Langevin description of active particles that move with\nconstant speed in infinite two-dimensional space and its corresponding\nFokker-Planck equation, we develop a systematic method that allows us to obtain\nthe coarse-grained probability density of finding a particle at a given\nlocation and at a given time to arbitrary short time regimes. By going beyond\nthe diffusive limit, we derive a novel generalization of the telegrapher's\nequation. Such generalization preserves the hyperbolic structure of the\nequation and incorporates memory effects on the diffusive term. While no\ndifference is observed for the mean square displacement computed from the\ntwo-dimensional telegrapher's equation and from our generalization, the\nkurtosis results into a sensible parameter that discriminates between both\napproximations. We carried out a comparative analysis in Fourier space that\nshed light on why the telegrapher's equation is not an appropriate model to\ndescribe the propagation of particles with constant speed in dispersive media."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiscaling in passive scalar advection as stochastic shape dynamics: The Kraichnan rapid advection model is recast as the stochastic dynamics of\ntracer trajectories. This framework replaces the random fields with a small set\nof stochastic ordinary differential equations. Multiscaling of correlation\nfunctions arises naturally as a consequence of the geometry described by the\nevolution of N trajectories. Scaling exponents and scaling structures are\ninterpreted as excited states of the evolution operator. The trajectories\nbecome nearly deterministic in high dimensions allowing for perturbation theory\nin this limit. We calculate perturbatively the anomalous exponent of the third\nand fourth order correlation functions. The fourth order result agrees with\nprevious calculations.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo simulation of Hard-, Square-Well, and Square-Shoulder Disks\n  in narrow channels: We perform Monte Carlo simulation of the thermodynamic and structural\nproperties of Hard-, Square-Well, and Square-Shoulder Disks in narrow channels.\nFor the thermodynamics we study the internal energy per particle and the\nlongitudinal and transverse compressibility factor. For the structure we study\nthe Transverse Density and Density of Pairs Profiles, the Radial Distribution\nFunction and Longitudinal Distribution Function, and the (static) Longitudinal\nStructure Factor. We compare our results with a recent exact semi-analytic\nsolution found by Montero and Santos for the single file formation and first\nnearest neighbor fluid and explore how their solution performs when these\nconditions are not fulfilled making it just an approximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Space-time symmetry breaking in nonequilibrium frustrated magnetism: Spontaneous symmetry breaking is responsible for the rich phenomena in\nequilibrium physics. Driving a system out-of-equilibrium can significantly\nenrich the possibility of spontaneous symmetry breaking, which occurs not only\nin space, but also in time domain. This study investigates a driven-dissipative\nfrustrated magnetic system. Results show that frustration in such a\nfar-from-equilibrium system could lead to a wealth of intriguing\nnon-equilibrium phases with intertwined space-time symmetry breaking, (e.g.) a\ndiscrete time crystal phase accompanied by a time-dependent spatial order\noscillating between a long-range tripartite stripe and a short-range\nferromagnetic order.",
        "positive": "Energy dissipation and information flow in coupled Markovian systems: A stochastic system under the influence of a stochastic environment is\ncorrelated with both present and future states of the environment. Such a\nsystem can be seen as implicitly implementing a predictive model of future\nenvironmental states. The non-predictive model complexity has been shown to\nlower-bound the thermodynamic dissipation. Here we explore these statistical\nand physical quantities at steady state in simple models. We show that under\nquasi-static driving this model complexity saturates the dissipation. Beyond\nthe quasi-static limit, we demonstrate a lower bound on the ratio of this model\ncomplexity to total dissipation, that is realized in the limit of weak driving."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Environment fluctuations on single species pattern formation: System-environment interactions are intrinsically nonlinear and dependent on\nthe interplay between many degrees of freedom. The complexity may be even more\npronounced when one aims to describe biologically motivated systems. In that\ncase, it is useful to resort to simplified models relying on effective\nstochastic equations. A natural consideration is to assume that there is a\nnoisy contribution from the environment, such that the parameters which\ncharacterize it are not constant but instead fluctuate around their\ncharacteristic values. From this perspective, we propose a stochastic\ngeneralization of the nonlocal Fisher-KPP equation where, as a first step,\nenvironmental fluctuations are Gaussian white noises, both in space and time.\nWe apply analytical and numerical techniques to study how noise affects\nstability and pattern formation in this context. Particularly, we investigate\nnoise induced coherence by means of the complementary information provided by\nthe dispersion relation and the structure function.",
        "positive": "Exact solution of an exclusion process with three classes of particles\n  and vacancies: We present an exact solution for an asymmetric exclusion process on a ring\nwith three classes of particles and vacancies. Using a matrix product Ansatz,\nwe find explicit expressions for the weights of the configurations in the\nstationary state. The solution involves tensor products of quadratic algebras."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-propulsion through symmetry breaking: In addition to self-propulsion by phoretic mechanisms that arises from an\nasymmetric distribution of reactive species around a catalytic motor, spherical\nparticles with a uniform distribution of catalytic activity may also propel\nthemselves under suitable conditions. Reactive fluctuation-induced asymmetry\ncan give rise to transient concentration gradients which may persist under\ncertain conditions, giving rise to a bifurcation to self-propulsion. The nature\nof this phenomenon is analyzed in detail, and particle-level simulations are\ncarried out to demonstrate its existence.",
        "positive": "Entanglement negativity and entropy in non-equilibrium conformal field\n  theory: We study the dynamics of the entanglement in one dimensional critical quantum\nsystems after a local quench in which two independently thermalized\nsemi-infinite halves are joined to form a homogeneous infinite system and left\nto evolve unitarily. We show that under certain conditions a nonequilibrium\nsteady state (NESS) is reached instantaneously as soon as the entanglement\ninterval is within the light-cone emanating from the contact point. In this\nsteady state, the exact expressions for the entanglement entropy and the\nlogarithmic negativity are in agreement with the steady state density matrix\nbeing a boosted thermal state, as expected. We derive various general\nidentities: relating the negativity after the quench with unequal left and\nright initial temperatures, with that with equal left and right temperatures;\nand relating these with the negativity in equilibrium thermal states. In\ncertain regimes the resulting expressions can be analytically evaluated.\nImmediately after the interval interesects the lightcone, we find logarithmic\ngrowth. For a very long interval, we find that the negativity approaches a\nplateau after sufficiently long times, different from its NESS value. This\nprovides a theoretical framework explaining recently obtained numerical\nresults."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviation statistics of non-equilibrium fluctuations in a sheared\n  model-fluid: We analyse the statistics of the shear stress in a one dimensional\n\\emph{model fluid}, that exhibits a rich phase behaviour akin to real complex\nfluids under shear. We show that the energy flux satisfies the Gallavotti-Cohen\nFT across all phases in the system. The theorem allows us to define an\neffective temperature which deviates considerably from the equilibrium\ntemperature as the noise in the system increases. This deviation is negligible\nwhen the system size is small. The dependence of the effective temperature on\nthe strain rate is phase-dependent. It doesn't vary much at the phase\nboundaries. The effective temperature can also be determined from the large\ndeviation function of the energy flux. The local strain rate statistics obeys\nthe large deviation principle and satisfies a fluctuation relation. It does not\nexhibit a distinct kink near zero strain rate because of inertia of the rotors\nin our system.",
        "positive": "Irreversible effects of memory: The steady state of a Langevin equation with short ranged memory and coloured\nnoise is analyzed. When the fluctuation-dissipation theorem of second kind is\nnot satisfied, the dynamics is irreversible, i.e. detailed balance is violated.\nWe show that the entropy production rate for this system should include the\npower injected by ``memory forces''. With this additional contribution, the\nFluctuation Relation is fairly verified in simulations. Both dynamics with\ninertia and overdamped dynamics yield the same expression for this additional\npower. The role of ``memory forces'' within the fluctuation-dissipation\nrelation of first kind is also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Escape of a lamb to safe haven in pursuit by a lion under restarts: We study the escape behavior of a lamb to safe haven pursued by a hungry\nlion. Identifying the system with a pair of vicious Brownian walkers we\nevaluate the probability density function for the vicious pair and from there\nwe estimate the distribution of first passage times. The process ends in two\nways: either the lamb makes it to the safe haven (success) or is captured by\nthe lion (failure). We find that the conditional distribution for both success\nand failure possesses a finite mean, but no higher moments exist. This makes it\ninteresting to study these first passage properties of this Bernoulli process\nunder restarts, which we do via Poissonian and sharp restart protocols. We find\nthat under both restart protocols the probability of success exhibits a\nmonotonic dependence on the restart parameters, however, their approach to the\ncase without restarts is completely different. The distribution of first\npassage times exhibits an exponential decay for the two restart protocols. In\naddition, the distribution under sharp resetting also exhibits a periodic\nbehavior, following the periodicity of the sharp restart protocol itself.",
        "positive": "The road to catastrophe: stability and collapse in 2D driven particle\n  systems: Understanding collective properties of driven particle systems is significant\nfor naturally occurring aggregates and because the knowledge gained can be used\nas building blocks for the design of artificial ones. We model self propelling\nbiological or artificial individuals interacting through pairwise attractive\nand repulsive forces. For the first time, we are able to predict stability and\nmorphology of organization starting from the shape of the two-body interaction.\nWe present a coherent theory, based on fundamental statistical mechanics, for\nall possible phases of collective motion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetically driven glassy transition in an exactly solvable toy model\n  with reversible mode coupling mechanism and trivial statics: We propose a toy model with reversible mode coupling mechanism and with\ntrivial Hamiltonian (and hence trivial statics). The model can be analyzed\nexactly without relying upon uncontrolled approximation such as the\nfactorization approximation employed in the current MCT. We show that the model\nexhibits a kinetically driven transition from an ergodic phase to nonergodic\nphase. The nonergodic state is the nonequilibrium stationary solution of the\nFokker-Planck equation for the distribution function of the model",
        "positive": "The entropy of the six-vertex model with variety of different boundary\n  conditions: We study the dependence of entropy [per lattice site] of six-vertex model on\nboundary conditions. We start with lattices of finite size and then proceed to\nthermodynamic limit. We argue that the six-vertex model with periodic,\nanti-periodic and mixed boundary conditions produce the same free-energy in the\nthermodynamic limit. We have found fixed boundary conditions such that the\nentropy varies continously from zero to its value for periodic boundary\ncondition. We have also shown that the physical quantities of the six-vertex\nmodel at the isotropic point does not change in the case of singular toroidal\nboundary."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium phase transition in the kinetic Ising model: Is\n  transition point the maximum lossy point ?: The nonequilibrium dynamic phase transition, in the kinetic Ising model in\npresence of an oscillating magnetic field, has been studied both by Monte Carlo\nsimulation (in two dimension) and by solving the meanfield dynamical equation\nof motion for the average magnetization. The temperature variations of\nhysteretic loss (loop area) and the dynamic correlation have been studied near\nthe transition point. The transition point has been identified as the\nminimum-correlation point. The hysteretic loss becomes maximum above the\ntransition point. An analytical formulation has been developed to analyse the\nsimulation results. A general relationship among hysteresis loop area, dynamic\norder parameter and dynamic correlation has also been developed.",
        "positive": "Finite Temperature Collapse of a Bose Gas with Attractive Interactions: We study the mechanical stability of the weakly interacting Bose gas with\nattractive interactions, and construct a unified picture of the collapse valid\nfrom the low temperature condensed region to the high temperature classical\nregime. As we show, the non-condensed particles play a crucial role in\ndetermining the region of stability. We extend our results to describe domain\nformation in spinor condensates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gravitational Dynamics of an Infinite Shuffled Lattice of Particles: We study, using numerical simulations, the dynamical evolution of\nself-gravitating point particles in static euclidean space, starting from a\nsimple class of infinite ``shuffled lattice'' initial conditions. These are\nobtained by applying independently to each particle on an infinite perfect\nlattice a small random displacement, and are characterized by a power spectrum\n(structure factor) of density fluctuations which is quadratic in the wave\nnumber k, at small k. For a specified form of the probability distribution\nfunction of the ``shuffling'' applied to each particle, and zero initial\nvelocities, these initial configurations are characterized by a single relevant\nparameter: the variance $\\delta^2$ of the ``shuffling'' normalized in units of\nthe lattice spacing $\\ell$. The clustering, which develops in time starting\nfrom scales around $\\ell$, is qualitatively very similar to that seen in\ncosmological simulations, which begin from lattices with applied correlated\ndisplacements and incorporate an expanding spatial background. From very soon\nafter the formation of the first non-linear structures, a spatio-temporal\nscaling relation describes well the evolution of the two-point correlations. At\nlarger times the dynamics of these correlations converges to what is termed\n``self-similar'' evolution in cosmology, in which the time dependence in the\nscaling relation is specified entirely by that of the linearized fluid theory.\nComparing simulations with different $\\delta$, different resolution, but\nidentical large scale fluctuations, we are able to identify and study features\nof the dynamics of the system in the transient phase leading to this behavior.\nIn this phase, the discrete nature of the system explicitly plays an essential\nrole.",
        "positive": "Application of Simulated Tempering and Magnetizing to a Two-Dimensional\n  Potts Model: We applied the simulated tempering and magnetizing (STM) method to the\ntwo-dimensional three-state Potts model in an external magnetic field in order\nto perform further investigations of the STM's applicability. The temperature\nas well as the external field are treated as dynamical variables updated during\nthe STM simulations. After we obtained adequate information for several lattice\nsizes $L$ (up to $160\\times 160$), we also performed a number of conventional\ncanonical simulations of large lattices, especially in order to illustrate the\ncrossover behavior of the Potts model in external field with increasing $L$.\nThe temperature and external field for larger lattice size simulations were\nchosen by extrapolation of the detail information obtained by STM. We carefully\nanalyzed the crossover scaling at the phase transitions with respect to the\nlattice size as well as the temperature and external field. The crossover\nbehavior is clearly observed in the simulations in agreement with theoretical\npredictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Particle sorting by a structured microfluidic ratchet device with\n  tunable selectivity: Theory and Experiment: We theoretically predict and experimentally demonstrate that several\ndifferent particle species can be separated from each other by means of a\nratchet device, consisting of periodically arranged triangular (ratchet) shaped\nobstacles. We propose an explicit algorithm for suitably tailoring the\nexternally applied, time-dependent voltage protocol so that one or several,\narbitrarily selected particle species are forced to migrate oppositely to all\nthe remaining species. As an example we present numerical simulations for a\nmixture of five species, labelled according to their increasing size, so that\nspecies 2 and 4 simultaneously move in one direction and species 1, 3, and 5 in\nthe other. The selection of species to be separated from the others can be\nchanged at any time by simply adapting the voltage protocol. This general\ntheoretical concept to utilize one device for many different sorting tasks is\nexperimentally confirmed for a mixture of three colloidal particle species.",
        "positive": "Information geometry and synchronization phase transition in Kuramoto\n  model: We discuss the recently proposed description of Kuramoto model in terms of\nhyperbolic space and relate it to the information geometry. In particular the\ndynamical equation in Kuramoto all-to-all model is identified with the gradient\nflow of the Kullback-Leibner divergence on the statistical manifold. The Fisher\ninformation metric is evaluated for the Kuramoto and Kuramoto-Shakagichi\nmodels. We argue that the components of Fisher metric diverge at the critical\npoint hence it can be used as an alternative order parameter for the\nsynchronization phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From the Quantum Transfer Matrix to the Quench Action: The Loschmidt\n  echo in $XXZ$ Heisenberg spin chains: We consider the computation of the Loschmidt echo after quantum quenches in\nthe interacting $XXZ$ Heisenberg spin chain both for real and imaginary times.\nWe study two-site product initial states, focusing in particular on the N\\'eel\nand tilted N\\'eel states. We apply the Quantum Transfer Matrix (QTM) approach\nto derive generalized TBA equations, which follow from the fusion hierarchy of\nthe appropriate QTM's. Our formulas are valid for arbitrary imaginary time and\nfor real times at least up to a time $t_0$, after which the integral equations\nhave to be modified. In some regimes, $t_0$ is seen to be either very large or\ninfinite, allowing to explore in detail the post-quench dynamics of the system.\nAs an important part of our work, we show that for the N\\'eel state our\nimaginary time results can be recovered by means of the quench action approach,\nunveiling a direct connection with the quantum transfer matrix formalism. In\nparticular, we show that in the zero-time limit, the study of our TBA equations\nallows for a simple alternative derivation of the recently obtained Bethe\nansatz distribution functions for the N\\'eel, tilted N\\'eel and tilted\nferromagnet states.",
        "positive": "Critical Temperature and Thermodynamics of Attractive Fermions at\n  Unitarity: The unitarity regime of the BCS-BEC crossover can be realized by diluting a\nsystem of two-component lattice fermions with an on-site attractive\ninteraction. We perform a systematic-error-free finite-temperature simulations\nof this system by diagrammatic determinant Monte Carlo. The critical\ntemperature in units of Fermi energy is found to be T_c / E_F = 0.152(7). We\nalso report the behavior of the thermodynamic functions, and discuss the issues\nof thermometry of ultracold Fermi gases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lindblad dynamics of a quantum spherical spin: The coherent quantum dynamics of a single bosonic spin variable, subject to a\nconstraint derived from the quantum spherical model of a ferromagnet, and\ncoupled to an external heat bath, is studied through the Lindblad equation for\nthe reduced density matrix. Closed systems of equations of motion for several\nquantum observables are derived and solved exactly. The relationship to the\nsingle-mode Dicke model from quantum optics is discussed. The analysis of the\ninterplay of the quantum fluctuation and the dissipation and their influence on\nthe relaxation of the time-dependent magnetisation leads to the distinction of\nqualitatively different regimes of weak and strong quantum couplings.\nConsidering the model's behaviour in an external field as a simple mean-field\napproximation of the dynamics of a quantum spherical ferromagnet, the magnetic\nphase diagramme appears to be re-entrant and presents a quantum analogue of\nwell-established classical examples of fluctuation-induced order.",
        "positive": "Finite-size scaling of partition function zeros and first-order phase\n  transition for infinitely long Ising cylinder: The critical properties of an infinitely long Ising strip with finite width L\njoined periodically or antiperiodically are investigated by analyzing the\ndistribution of partition function zeros. For periodic boundary condition, the\nthe leading finite-size scaling of partition function zeros and its corrections\nare given. For antiperiodic boundary condition, the critical point of 2D Ising\ntransition is one of the loci of the zeros, and the associated non-analyticity\nis identified as a first-order phase transition. The exact amount of the latent\nheat released by the transition is 4/L."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization flow for unrooted forests on a triangular lattice: We compute in small temperature expansion the two-loop renormalization\nconstants and the three-loop coefficient of the beta-function, that is the\nfirst non-universal term, for the sigma-model with O(N) invariance on the\ntriangular lattice at N=-1. The partition function of the corresponding\nGrassmann theory is, for negative temperature, the generating function of\nunrooted forests on such a lattice, where the temperature acts as a chemical\npotential for the number of trees in the forest. To evaluate Feynman diagrams\nwe extend the coordinate space method to the triangular lattice.",
        "positive": "Origin of Critical Behavior in Ethernet Traffic: We perform a simplified Ethernet traffic simulation in order to clarify the\nphysical mechanism of the phase transition behavior which has been\nexperimentally observed in the flow density fluctuation of Internet traffic. In\none phase traffics from nodes connected with an Ethernet cable are mixed, and\nin the other phase, the nodes alternately send bursts of packets. The\ncompetition of sending packets among nodes and the binary exponential back-off\nalgorithm are revealed to play important roles in producing $1/f$ fluctuations\nat the critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Derivation of power-law distributions within standard statistical\n  mechanics: We show that within classical statistical mechanics it is possible to\nnaturally derive power law distributions which are of Tsallis type. The only\nassumption is that microcanonical distributions have to be separable from of\nthe total system energy, which is reasonable for any sensible measurement. We\ndemonstrate that all separable distributions are parametrized by a separation\nconstant Q which is one to one related to the q-parameter in Tsallis\ndistributions. The power-laws obtained are formally equivalent to those\nobtained by maximizing Tsallis entropy under q constraints. We further ask why\nnature fixes the separation constant Q to 1 in so many cases leading to\nstandard thermodynamics. We answer this with an explicit example where it is\npossible to relate Q to sytem size and interaction parameters, characterizing\nthe physical system. We argue that these results might be helpful to explain\nthe ubiquity of Tsallis distributions in nature.",
        "positive": "Dynamical quantum phase transitions: a brief survey: Nonequilibrium states of closed quantum many-body systems defy a\nthermodynamic description. As a consequence, constraints such as the principle\nof equal a priori probabilities in the microcanonical ensemble can be relaxed,\nwhich can lead to quantum states with novel properties of genuine\nnonequilibrium nature. In turn, for the theoretical description it is in\ngeneral not sufficient to understand nonequilibrium dynamics on the basis of\nthe properties of the involved Hamiltonians. Instead it becomes important to\ncharacterize time-evolution operators which adds time as an additional scale to\nthe problem. In these Perspectives we summarize recent progress in the field of\ndynamical quantum phase transitions, which are phase transitions in time with\ntemporal nonanalyticities in matrix elements of the time-evolution operator.\nThese transitions are not driven by an external control parameter, but rather\noccur due to sharp internal changes generated solely by unitary real-time\ndynamics. We discuss the obtained insights on general properties of dynamical\nquantum phase transitions, their physical interpretation, potential future\nresearch directions, as well as recent experimental observations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization group for measurement and entanglement phase transitions: We analyze the renormalization-group (RG) flows of two effective Lagrangians,\none for measurement induced transitions of monitored quantum systems and one\nfor entanglement transitions in random tensor networks. These Lagrangians,\npreviously proposed on grounds of replica symmetry, are derived in a controlled\nregime for an illustrative family of tensor networks. They have different forms\nin the two cases, and involve distinct replica limits. The perturbative RG is\ncontrolled by working close to a critical dimensionality, ${d_c=6}$ for\nmeasurements and ${d_c=10}$ for random tensors, where interactions become\nmarginal. The resulting RG flows are surprising in several ways. They indicate\nthat in high dimensions $d>d_c$ there are at least two (stable) universality\nclasses for each kind of transition, separated by a nontrivial tricritical\npoint. In each case one of the two stable fixed points is Gaussian, while the\nother is nonperturbative. In lower dimensions, $d<d_c$, the flow always runs to\nthe nonperturbative regime. This picture clarifies the \"mean-field theory\" of\nthese problems, including the phase diagram of all-to-all quantum circuits. It\nsuggests a way of reconciling exact results on tree tensor networks with field\ntheory. Most surprisingly, the perturbation theory for the random tensor\nnetwork (which also applies to a version of the measurement transition with\n\"forced\" measurements) formally possesses a dimensional reduction property\nanalogous to that of the random-field Ising model. When only the leading\ninteractions are retained, perturbative calculations in $d$ dimensions reduce\nto those in a simple scalar field theory in ${d-4}$ dimensions. We show that\nthis holds to all orders by writing the action in a superspace formulation.",
        "positive": "Universal solution for optimal protocols of finite-time and weak\n  processes: The analytical expression for the optimal protocol of the thermodynamic work\nand its variance for finite-time, isothermal and weak processes is presented.\nThe method that solves the Euler-Lagrange integral equation is quite general\nand depends only on the properties of the time-reversal symmetry of the optimal\nprotocol. The solution is proven to be physically consistent and many examples\nare solved to illustrate the method. To overcome the hypothesis consistency\nproblem of the singular part of the solution, an interpretation of the\nappearance of the delta peaks and their derivatives is presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ordering and Demixing Transitions in Multicomponent Widom-Rowlinson\n  Models: We use Monte Carlo techniques and analytical methods to study the phase\ndiagram of multicomponent Widom-Rowlinson models on a square lattice: there are\nM species all with the same fugacity z and a nearest neighbor hard core\nexclusion between unlike particles. Simulations show that for M between two and\nsix there is a direct transition from the gas phase at z < z_d (M) to a demixed\nphase consisting mostly of one species at z > z_d (M) while for M \\geq 7 there\nis an intermediate ``crystal phase'' for z lying between z_c(M) and z_d(M). In\nthis phase, which is driven by entropy, particles, independent of species,\npreferentially occupy one of the sublattices, i.e. spatial symmetry but not\nparticle symmetry is broken. The transition at z_d(M) appears to be first order\nfor M \\geq 5 putting it in the Potts model universality class. For large M the\ntransition between the crystalline and demixed phase at z_d(M) can be proven to\nbe first order with z_d(M) \\sim M-2 + 1/M + ..., while z_c(M) is argued to\nbehave as \\mu_{cr}/M, with \\mu_{cr} the value of the fugacity at which the one\ncomponent hard square lattice gas has a transition, and to be always of the\nIsing type. Explicit calculations for the Bethe lattice with the coordination\nnumber q=4 give results similar to those for the square lattice except that the\ntransition at z_d(M) becomes first order at M>2. This happens for all q,\nconsistent with the model being in the Potts universality class.",
        "positive": "Classical Density Functional Theory in the Canonical Ensemble: Classical density functional theory for finite temperatures is usually\nformulated in the grand-canonical ensemble where arbitrary variations of the\nlocal density are possible. However, in many cases the systems of interest are\nclosed with respect to mass, e.g. canonical systems with fixed temperature and\nparticle number. Although the tools of standard, grand-canonical density\nfunctional theory are often used in an ad hoc manner to study closed systems,\ntheir formulation directly in the canonical ensemble has so far not been known.\nIn this work, the fundamental theorems underlying classical DFT are revisited\nand carefully compared in the two ensembles showing that there are only trivial\nformal differences. The practicality of DFT in the canonical ensemble is then\nillustrated by deriving the exact Helmholtz functional for several systems: the\nideal gas, certain restricted geometries in arbitrary numbers of dimensions and\nfinally a system of two hard-spheres in one dimension (hard rods) in a small\ncavity. Some remarkable similarities between the ensembles are apparent even\nfor small systems with the latter showing strong echoes of the famous exact of\nresult of Percus in the grand-canonical ensemble."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dark solitons in a superfluid Fermi gas: We investigate the behavior of dark solitons in a superfluid Fermi gas along\nthe BCS-BEC crossover by solving the Bogoliubov - de Gennes equations and\nlooking for real and odd solutions for the order parameter. We show that in the\nresonance unitary region, where the scattering length is large, the density\nprofile of the soliton has a deep minimum, differently from what happens in the\nBCS regime. The superfluid gap is found to be significantly quenched by the\npresence of the soliton due to the occurrence of Andreev fermionic bound states\nlocalized near the nodal plane of the order parameter.",
        "positive": "Statistical Mechanics Approach to the Holographic Renormalization Group:\n  Bethe Lattice Ising Model and p-adic AdS/CFT: The Bethe lattice Ising model -- a classical model of statistical mechanics\nfor the phase transition -- provides a novel and intuitive understanding of the\nprototypical relationship between tensor networks and Anti-de Sitter\n(AdS)/conformal field theory (CFT) correspondence. After analytically\nformulating a holographic renormalization group for the Bethe lattice model, we\ndemonstrate the underlying mechanism and the exact scaling dimensions for the\npower-law decay of boundary spin correlations by introducing the relation\nbetween the lattice network and an effective Poincare metric on a unit disk. We\ncompare the Bethe lattice model in the high-temperature region with a scalar\nfield in AdS$_2$, and then discuss its more direct connection to the p-adic\nAdS/CFT. In addition, we find that the phase transition in the interior induces\na crossover behavior of boundary spin correlations, depending on the depth of\nthe corresponding correlation path."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement entropy of a three-spin interacting spin chain with a\n  time-reversal breaking impurity at one boundary: We investigate the effect of a time-reversal breaking impurity term on both\nthe equilibrium and non-equilibrium critical properties of entanglement entropy\n(EE) in a three-spin interacting transverse Ising model which can be mapped to\na one-dimensional p-wave superconductor with next-nearest-neighbor hopping. Due\nto the presence of next-nearest-neighbor hopping, a new topological phase with\ntwo zero-energy Majorana modes at each end of an open chain appears in the\nphase diagram. We show that the derivative of EE with respect to one of the\nparameters of the Hamiltonian can detect the quantum phase transitions by\nexhibiting cusp like structure at those points; impurity strength ($\\la_d$) can\nsubstantially modify the peak/dip height associated with the cusp. Importantly,\nwe find that the logarithmic scaling of the EE with block size remains\nunaffected by the application of the impurity term, although, the coefficient\n(i.e., central charge) varies logarithmically with the impurity strength for a\nlower range of $\\la_d$ and eventually saturates with an exponential damping\nfactor ($\\sim \\exp(-\\la_d)$) for the phase boundaries shared with the phase\ncontaining two Majorana edge modes. On the other hand, it receives a linear\ncorrection in term of $\\la_d$ for an another phase boundary. Finally, we focus\nto study the effect of the impurity in the time evolution of the EE for the\ncritical quenching case where impurity term is applied only to the final\nHamiltonian. Interestingly, it has been shown that for all the phase boundaries\nin contrary to the equilibrium case, the saturation value of the EE increases\nlogarithmically with the strength of impurity in a certain region of $\\la_d$\nand finally, for higher values of $\\la_d$, it increases very slowly which is\ndictated by an exponential damping factor.",
        "positive": "Synchronization of globally coupled two-state stochastic oscillators\n  with a state dependent refractory period: We present a model of identical coupled two-state stochastic units each of\nwhich in isolation is governed by a fixed refractory period. The nonlinear\ncoupling between units directly affects the refractory period, which now\ndepends on the global state of the system and can therefore itself become time\ndependent. At weak coupling the array settles into a quiescent stationary\nstate. Increasing coupling strength leads to a saddle node bifurcation, beyond\nwhich the quiescent state coexists with a stable limit cycle of nonlinear\ncoherent oscillations. We explicitly determine the critical coupling constant\nfor this transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotic velocity distribution of a driven one dimensional binary\n  granular Maxwell gas: We consider the steady states of a driven inelastic Maxwell gas consisting of\ntwo types of particles with scalar velocities. Motivated by experiments on\nbilayers where only one layer is driven, we focus on the case when only one of\nthe two types of particles are driven externally, with the other species\nreceiving energy only through inter-particle collision. The velocity $v$ of a\nparticle that is driven is modified to $-r_w v+\\eta$, where $r_w$ parameterises\nthe dissipation upon the driving and the noise $\\eta$ is taken from a fixed\ndistribution. We characterize the statistics for small velocities by computing\nexactly the mean energies of the two species, based on the simplifying feature\nthat the correlation functions are seen to form a closed set of equations. The\nasymptotic behaviour of the velocity distribution for large speeds is\ndetermined for both components through a combination of exact analysis for a\nrange of parameters or obtained numerically to a high degree of accuracy from\nan analysis of the large moments of velocity. We show that the tails of the\nvelocity distribution for both types of particles have similar behaviour, even\nthough they are driven differently. For dissipative driving ($r_w<1$), the\ntails of the steady state velocity distribution show non-universal features and\ndepend strongly on the noise distribution. On the other hand, the tails of the\nvelocity distribution are exponential for diffusive driving ($r_w=1$) when the\nnoise distribution decays faster than exponential.",
        "positive": "Non-Reciprocal Interactions Reshape Topological Defect Annihilation: We show how non-reciprocal ferromagnetic interactions between neighbouring\nplanar spins in two dimensions, affects the behaviour of topological defects.\nNon-reciprocity is introduced by weighting the coupling strength of the\ntwo-dimensional XY model by an anisotropic kernel. As a consequence, in\naddition to the topological charge $q$, the actual shape (or phase) of the\ndefects becomes crucial to faithfully describe their dynamics. Non-reciprocal\ncoupling twists the spin field, selecting specific defect shapes, dramatically\naltering the pair annihilation process. Defect annihilation can either be\nenhanced or hindered, depending on the shape of the defects concerned and the\ndegree of non-reciprocity in the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boltzmann equation and hydrodynamic fluctuations: We apply the method of invariant manifolds to derive equations of generalized\nhydrodynamics from the linearized Boltzmann equation and determine exact\ntransport coefficients, obeying Green-Kubo formulas. Numerical calculations are\nperformed in the special case of Maxwell molecules. We investigate, through the\ncomparison with experimental data and former approaches, the spectrum of\ndensity fluctuations and address the regime of finite Knudsen numbers and\nfinite frequencies hydrodynamics.",
        "positive": "Spatio-temporal spread of perturbations in a driven dissipative Duffing\n  chain: an OTOC approach: Out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOC) have been extensively used as a major\ntool for exploring quantum chaos and also recently, there has been a classical\nanalogue. Studies have been limited to closed systems. In this work, we probe\nan open classical many-body system, more specifically, a spatially extended\ndriven dissipative chain of coupled Duffing oscillators using the classical\nOTOC to investigate the spread and growth (decay) of an initially localized\nperturbation in the chain. Correspondingly, we find three distinct types of\ndynamical behavior, namely the sustained chaos, transient chaos and non-chaotic\nregion, as clearly exhibited by different geometrical shapes in the heat map of\nOTOC. To quantify such differences, we look at instantaneous speed (IS), finite\ntime Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) and velocity dependent Lyapunov exponents (VDLE)\nextracted from OTOC. Introduction of these quantities turn out to be\ninstrumental in diagnosing and demarcating different regimes of dynamical\nbehavior. To gain control over open nonlinear systems, it is important to look\nat the variation of these quantities with respect to parameters. As we tune\ndrive, dissipation and coupling, FTLE and IS exhibit transition between\nsustained chaos and non-chaotic regimeswith intermediate transient chaos\nregimes and highly intermittent sustained chaos points. In the limit of zero\nnonlinearity, we present exact analytical results for the driven dissipative\nharmonic system and we find that our analytical results can very well describe\nthe non-chaotic regime as well as the late time behavior in the transient\nregime of the Duffing chain. We believe, this analysis is an important step\nforward towards understanding nonlinear dynamics, chaos and spatio-temporal\nspread of perturbations in many-particle open systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonlinear stochastic equations with multiplicative L\u00e9vy noise: The Langevin equation with a multiplicative L\\'evy white noise is solved. The\nnoise amplitude and the drift coefficient have a power-law form. A validity of\nordinary rules of the calculus for the Stratonovich interpretation is\ndiscussed. The solution has the algebraic asymptotic form and the variance may\nassume a finite value for the case of the Stratonovich interpretation. The\nproblem of escaping from a potential well is analysed numerically; predictions\nof different interpretations of the stochastic integral are compared.",
        "positive": "Posterior probability and fluctuation theorem in stochastic processes: A generalization of fluctuation theorems in stochastic processes is proposed.\nThe new theorem is written in terms of posterior probabilities, which are\nintroduced via the Bayes theorem. In usual fluctuation theorems, a forward path\nand its time reversal play an important role, so that a microscopically\nreversible condition is essential. In contrast, the microscopically reversible\ncondition is not necessary in the new theorem. It is shown that the new theorem\nadequately recovers various theorems and relations previously known, such as\nthe Gallavotti-Cohen-type fluctuation theorem, the Jarzynski equality, and the\nHatano-Sasa relation, when adequate assumptions are employed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Corrections to Dilute Bose Liquids: It was recently shown (A. Bulgac. Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 89}, 050402 (2002))\nthat an entirely new class of quantum liquids with widely tunable properties\ncould be manufactured from bosons (boselets), fermions (fermilets) and their\nmixtures (ferbolets) by controlling their interaction properties by the means\nof a Feshbach resonance. We extend the previous mean--field analysis of these\nquantum liquids by computing the lowest order quantum corrections to the ground\nstate energy and the depletion of the Bose--Einstein condensate and by\nestimating higher order corrections as well. We show that the quantum\ncorrections are relatively small and controlled by the diluteness parameter\n$\\sqrt{n|a|^3} \\ll 1$, even though strictly speaking in this case there is no\nlow density expansion.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo Study of a $U(1)\\times U(1)$ Loop Model with Modular\n  Invariance: We study a $U(1)\\times U(1)$ system in (2+1)-dimensions with long-range\ninteractions and mutual statistics. The model has the same form after the\napplication of operations from the modular group, a property which we call\nmodular invariance. Using the modular invariance of the model, we propose a\npossible phase diagram. We obtain a sign-free reformulation of the model and\nstudy it in Monte Carlo. This study confirms our proposed phase diagram. We use\nthe modular invariance to analytically determine the current-current\ncorrelation functions and conductivities in all the phases in the diagram, as\nwell as at special \"fixed\" points which are unchanged by an operation from the\nmodular group. We numerically determine the order of the phase transitions, and\nfind segments of second-order transitions. For the statistical interaction\nparameter $\\theta=\\pi$, these second-order transitions are evidence of a\ncritical loop phase obtained when both loops are trying to condense\nsimulataneously. We also measure the critical exponents of the second-order\ntransitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Some Finite Size Effects in Simulations of Glass Dynamics: We present the results of a molecular dynamics computer simulation in which\nwe investigate the dynamics of silica. By considering different system sizes,\nwe show that in simulations of the dynamics of this strong glass former\nsurprisingly large finite size effects are present. In particular we\ndemonstrate that the relaxation times of the incoherent intermediate scattering\nfunction and the time dependence of the mean squared displacement are affected\nby such finite size effects. By compressing the system to high densities, we\ntransform it to a fragile glass former and find that for that system these\ntypes of finite size effects are much weaker.",
        "positive": "Correlations for the Dyson Brownian motion model with Poisson initial\n  conditions: The circular Dyson Brownian motion model refers to the stochastic dynamics of\nthe log-gas on a circle. It also specifies the eigenvalues of certain\nparameter-dependent ensembles of unitary random matrices. This model is\nconsidered with the initial condition that the particles are non-interacting\n(Poisson statistics). Jack polynomial theory is used to derive a simple exact\nexpression for the density-density correlation with the position of one\nparticle specified in the initial state, and the position of one particle\nspecified at time $\\tau$, valid for all $\\beta > 0$.\n  The same correlation with two particles specified in the initial state is\nalso derived exactly, and some special cases of the theoretical correlations\nare illustrated by comparison with the empirical correlations calculated from\nthe eigenvalues of certain parameter-dependent Gaussian random matrices.\nApplication to fluctuation formulas for time displaced linear statistics in\nmade."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Skeleton expansions for directed polymers in disordered media: Partial summations of perturbation expansions of the directed polymer in\ndisordered media (DPRM) enables one to represent the latter as skeleton\nexpansions in powers of the effective coupling constant $\\Delta (t)$, which\ncorresponds to the binding state between two replicas in the replica field\ntheory of DPRM, and is equivalent to the binding state of a quantum particle in\nan external $\\delta $% -potential. The strong coupling phase is characterized\nby the exponential dependence of $\\Delta (t)$ on $t$, $\\Delta (t)\\sim \\exp\n(p_{c}t)$ with $% p_{c} $ being the binding energy of the particle. For\ndimensions $d>2$ the strong coupling phase exists for $\\Delta_{0}>\\Delta\n_{c}(d)$. We compute explicitly the mean-square displacement and the 2nd\ncumulant of the free energy to the lowest order in powers of effective coupling\nin $d=1$. We argue that the elimination of the terms $\\exp (p_{c}t)$ in\nskeleton expansions demands an additional partial summation of skeleton series.",
        "positive": "Reconciling nonlinear dissipation with the bilinear model of two\n  Brownian particles: The Brownian motion of a single particle is a paradigmatic model of the\nnonequilibrium dynamics of dissipative systems. In the system-plus-reservoir\napproach, one can derive the particle's equations of motion from the reversible\ndynamics of the system coupled to a bath of oscillators representing its\nthermal environment. However, extending the system-plus-reservoir approach to\nmultiple particles in a collective environment is not straightforward, and\nconflicting models have been proposed to that end. Here, we set out to\nreconcile some aspects of the nonlinear and the bilinear models of two Brownian\nparticles. We show how the nonlinear dissipation originally derived from\nexponential system-reservoir couplings can alternatively be obtained from the\nbilinear Lagrangian, with a modified spectral function that explicitly depends\non the distance between the particles. As applications, we discuss how to avoid\nthe anomalous diffusion from the standard nonlinear model, as well as how to\nphenomenologically model a hydrodynamic interaction between a pair of Brownian\nparticles in a viscous fluid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renyi entanglement entropies of descendant states in critical systems\n  with boundaries: conformal field theory and spin chains: We discuss the Renyi entanglement entropies of descendant states in critical\none-dimensional systems with boundaries, that map to boundary conformal field\ntheories in the scaling limit. We unify the previous conformal-field-theory\napproaches to describe primary and descendant states in systems with both open\nand closed boundaries. We provide universal expressions for the first two\ndescendants in the identity family. We apply our technique to critical systems\nbelonging to different universality classes with non-trivial boundary\nconditions that preserve conformal invariance, and find excellent agreement\nwith numerical results obtained for finite spin chains. We also demonstrate\nthat entanglement entropies are a powerful tool to resolve degeneracy of higher\nexcited states in critical lattice models.",
        "positive": "Dimer coverings on the Sierpinski gasket with possible vacancies on the\n  outmost vertices: We present the number of dimers $N_d(n)$ on the Sierpinski gasket $SG_d(n)$\nat stage $n$ with dimension $d$ equal to two, three, four or five, where one of\nthe outmost vertices is not covered when the number of vertices $v(n)$ is an\nodd number. The entropy of absorption of diatomic molecules per site, defined\nas $S_{SG_d}=\\lim_{n \\to \\infty} \\ln N_d(n)/v(n)$, is calculated to be\n$\\ln(2)/3$ exactly for $SG_2(n)$. The numbers of dimers on the generalized\nSierpinski gasket $SG_{d,b}(n)$ with $d=2$ and $b=3,4,5$ are also obtained\nexactly. Their entropies are equal to $\\ln(6)/7$, $\\ln(28)/12$, $\\ln(200)/18$,\nrespectively. The upper and lower bounds for the entropy are derived in terms\nof the results at a certain stage for $SG_d(n)$ with $d=3,4,5$. As the\ndifference between these bounds converges quickly to zero as the calculated\nstage increases, the numerical value of $S_{SG_d}$ with $d=3,4,5$ can be\nevaluated with more than a hundred significant figures accurate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasi-periodic events in crystal plasticity and the self-organized\n  avalanche oscillator: When external stresses in a system - physical, social or virtual - are\nrelieved through impulsive events, it is natural to focus on the attributes of\nthese avalanches. However, during the quiescent periods in between, stresses\nmay be relieved through competing processes, such as slowly flowing water\nbetween earthquakes or thermally activated dislocation flow between plastic\nbursts. Such unassuming, smooth responses can have dramatic effects on the\navalanche properties. Here we report a thorough experimental investigation of\nslowly compressed Ni microcrystals, covering three orders of magnitude in\nnominal strain rate, that exhibits unconventional quasi-periodic avalanche\nbursts and higher critical exponents as the strain rate is decreased. Our\nanalytic and computational study naturally extends dislocation avalanche\nmodeling to incorporate dislocation relaxations and reveals the emergence of\nthe self-organized avalanche oscillator, a novel critical state exhibiting\noscillatory approaches toward a depinning critical point. We demonstrate that\nthe predictions of our theory are faithfully exhibited in our experiments.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Potential Function of Chemically Driven Single\n  Macromolecules via Jarzynski-Type Log-Mean-Exponential Work: Applying the method from recently developed fluctuation theorems to the\nstochastic dynamics of single macromolecules in ambient fluid at constant\ntemperature, we establish two Jarzynski-type equalities: (1) between the\nlog-mean-exponential (LME) of the irreversible heat dissiption of a driven\nmolecule in nonequilibrium steady-state (NESS) and $\\ln P^{ness}(x)$, and (2)\nbetween the LME of the work done by the internal force of the molecule and\nnonequilibrium chemical potential function $\\mu^{ness}(x)$ $\\equiv U(x)+k_BT\\ln\nP^{ness}(x)$, where $P^{ness}(x)$ is the NESS probability density in the phase\nspace of the macromolecule and $U(x)$ is its internal potential function.\n$\\Psi$ = $\\int\\mu^{ness}(x)P^{ness}(x)dx$ is shown to be a nonequilibrium\ngeneralization of the Helmholtz free energy and $\\Delta\\Psi$ = $\\Delta\nU-T\\Delta S$ for nonequilibrium processes, where $S$ $=-k_B\\int P(x)\\ln P(x)dx$\nis the Gibbs entropy associated with $P(x)$. LME of heat dissipation\ngeneralizes the concept of entropy, and the equalities define thermodynamic\npotential functions for open systems far from equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cutoff and lattice effects in the $\\varphy^4$ theory of confined systems: We study cutoff and lattice effects in the O(n) symmetric $\\phi^4$ theory for\na $d$-dimensional cubic geometry of size $L$ with periodic boundary conditions.\nIn the large-N limit above $T_c$, we show that $\\phi^4$ field theory at finite\ncutoff $\\Lambda$ predicts the nonuniversal deviation $\\sim (\\Lambda L)^{-2}$\nfrom asymptotic bulk critical behavior that violates finite-size scaling and\ndisagrees with the deviation $\\sim e^{-cL}$ that we find in the $\\phi^4$\nlattice model. The exponential size dependence requires a non-perturbative\ntreatment of the $\\phi^4$ model. Our arguments indicate that these results\nshould be valid for general $n$ and $d > 2$.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium free energy methods applied to magnetic systems: the\n  degenerate Ising model: In this paper, we review the physical concepts of the nonequilibrium\ntechniques for the calculation of free energies applied to magnetic systems\nusing Monte Carlo simulations of different nonequilibrium processes. The\nmethodology allows the calculation of the free energy difference between two\ndifferent system Hamiltonians, as well as the free energy dependence on\ntemperature and magnetic field for a given Hamiltonian. As an illustration of\nthe effectiveness of this approach, we apply the methodologies to determine the\nphase diagram of a simple microscopic model, the degenerate Ising model. Our\nresults show very good agreement with those obtained from analytical\n(theoretical) methods."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic energetics of a colloidal particle trapped in a viscoelastic\n  bath: We investigate the statistics of the fluctuations of the energy transfer\nbetween an overdamped Brownian particle, whose motion is confined by a\nstationary harmonic potential, and a surrounding viscoelastic fluid at constant\ntemperature. We derive an analytical expression for the probability density\nfunction of the energy exchanged with the fluid over a finite time interval,\nwhich implicitly involves the friction memory kernel that encodes the coupling\nwith such a non-Markovian environment, and reduces to the well known expression\nfor the heat distribution in a viscous fluid. We show that, while the odd\nmoments of this distribution are zero, the even moments can be explicitly\nexpressed in terms of the auto-correlation function of the particle position,\nwhich generally exhibits a non-mono-exponential decay when the fluid bath is\nviscoelastic. Our results are verified by experimental measurements for an\noptically-trapped colloidal bead in semidilute micellar and polymer solutions,\nfinding and excellent agreement for all time intervals over which the energy\nexchange takes place.",
        "positive": "A study of excess energy and decoherence factor of a qubit coupled to a\n  one dimensional periodically driven spin chain: We take a central spin model (CSM), consisting of a one dimensional\nenvironmental Ising spin chain and a single qubit connected globally to all the\nspins of the environment, to study numerically the excess energy (EE) of the\nenvironment and the logarithm of decoherence factor namely, dynamical fidelity\nsusceptibility per site (DFSS), associated with the qubit under a periodic\ndriving of the transverse field term of environment across its critical point\nusing the Floquet technique. The coupling to the qubit, prepared in a pure\nstate, with the transverse field of the spin chain yields two sets of EE\ncorresponding to the two species of Floquet operators. In the limit of weak\ncoupling, we derive an approximated expression of DFSS after an infinite number\nof driving period which can successfully estimate the low and intermediate\nfrequency behavior of numerically obtained DFSS. Our main focus is to\nanalytically investigate the effect of system-environment coupling strength on\nthe EEs and DFSS and relate the behavior of DFSS to EEs as a function of\nfrequency by plausible analytical arguments. We explicitly show that the\nlow-frequency beating like pattern of DFSS is an outcome of two frequencies,\ncausing the oscillations in the two branches of EEs, that are dependent on the\ncoupling strength. In the intermediate frequency regime, dip structure observed\nin DFSS can be justified by the resonance peaks of EEs at those coupling\nparameter dependent frequencies; high frequency saturation value of EEs and\nDFSS are also connected to each other by the coupling strength."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Note on a Micropolar Gas-Kinetic Theory: The micropolar fluid mechanics and its transport coefficients are derived\nfrom the linearized Boltzmann equation of rotating particles. In the dilute\nlimit, as expected, transport coefficients relating to microrotation are not\nimportant, but the results are useful for the description of collisional\ngranular flow on an inclined slope.\n  (This paper will be published in Traffic and Granular Flow 2001 edited by\nY.Sugiyama and D. E. Wolf (Springer))",
        "positive": "Response of Boolean networks to perturbations: We evaluate the probability that a Boolean network returns to an attractor\nafter perturbing h nodes. We find that the return probability as function of h\ncan display a variety of different behaviours, which yields insights into the\nstate-space structure. In addition to performing computer simulations, we\nderive analytical results for several types of Boolean networks, in particular\nfor Random Boolean Networks. We also apply our method to networks that have\nbeen evolved for robustness to small perturbations, and to a biological\nexample."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ergodic property of Langevin systems with superstatistical, uncorrelated\n  or correlated diffusivity: Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion has recently been observed in numerous\nbiological and active matter system. The cause of the non-Gaussian distribution\nhave been elaborately studied in the idea of a superstatistical dynamics or a\ndiffusing diffusivity. Based on a random diffusivity model, we here focus on\nthe ergodic property and the scatter of the amplitude of time-averaged\nmean-squared displacement (TAMSD). Further, we individually investigate this\nmodel with three categories of diffusivities, including diffusivity being a\nrandom variable $D$, a time-dependent but uncorrelated diffusivity $D(t)$, and\na correlated stochastic process $D(t)$. We find that ensemble-averaged TAMSDs\nare always normal while ensemble-averaged mean-squared displacement can be\nanomalous. Further, the scatter of dimensionless amplitude is determined by the\ntime average of diffusivity $D(t)$. Our results are valid for arbitrary\ndiffusivities.",
        "positive": "Generic first-order phase transitions between isotropic and\n  orientational phases with polyhedral symmetries: Polyhedral nematics are examples of exotic orientational phases that possess\na complex internal symmetry, representing highly non-trivial ways of rotational\nsymmetry breaking, and are subject to current experimental pursuits in\ncolloidal and molecular systems. The classification of these phases has been\nknown for a long time, however, their transitions to the disordered isotropic\nliquid phase remain largely unexplored, except for a few symmetries. In this\nwork, we utilize a recently introduced non-Abelian gauge theory to explore the\nnature of the underlying nematic-isotropic transition for all three-dimensional\npolyhedral nematics. The gauge theory can readily be applied to nematic phases\nwith an arbitrary point-group symmetry, including those where traditional\nLandau methods and the associated lattice models may become too involved to\nimplement owing to a prohibitive order-parameter tensor of high rank or (the\nabsence of) mirror symmetries. By means of exhaustive Monte Carlo simulations,\nwe find that the nematic-isotropic transition is generically first-order for\nall polyhedral symmetries. Moreover, we show that this universal result is\nfully consistent with our expectation from a renormalization group approach, as\nwell as with other lattice models for symmetries already studied in the\nliterature. We argue that extreme fine tuning is required to promote those\ntransitions to second order ones. We also comment on the nature of phase\ntransitions breaking the $O(3)$ symmetry in general cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ising model susceptibility: Fuchsian differential equation for\n  $\u03c7^{(4)}$ and its factorization properties: We give the Fuchsian linear differential equation satisfied by $\\chi^{(4)}$,\nthe ``four-particle'' contribution to the susceptibility of the isotropic\nsquare lattice Ising model. This Fuchsian differential equation is deduced from\na series expansion method introduced in two previous papers and is applied with\nsome symmetries and tricks specific to $\\chi^{(4)}$. The corresponding order\nten linear differential operator exhibits a large set of factorization\nproperties. Among these factorizations one is highly remarkable: it corresponds\nto the fact that the two-particle contribution $\\chi^{(2)}$ is actually a\nsolution of this order ten linear differential operator. This result, together\nwith a similar one for the order seven differential operator corresponding to\nthe three-particle contribution, $\\chi^{(3)}$, leads us to a conjecture on the\nstructure of all the $ n$-particle contributions $ \\chi^{(n)}$.",
        "positive": "Quantum Geometry of Non-Hermitian Topological Systems: Topological insulators have been studied intensively over the last decades.\nEarlier research focused on Hermitian Hamiltonians, but recently, peculiar and\ninteresting properties were found by introducing non-Hermiticity. In this work,\nwe apply a quantum geometric approach to various Hermitian and non-Hermitian\nversions of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model. We find that this method\nallows one to correctly identify different topological phases and topological\nphase transitions for all SSH models, but only when using the metric tensor\ncontaining both left and right eigenvectors. Whereas the quantum geometry of\nHermitian systems is Riemannian, introducing non-Hermiticity leads to\npseudo-Riemannian and complex geometries, thus significantly generalizing from\nthe quantum geometries studied thus far. One remarkable example of this is the\nmathematical agreement between topological phase transition curves and\nlightlike paths in general relativity, suggesting a possibility of simulating\nspace-times in non-Hermitian systems. We find that the metric in non-Hermitian\nphases degenerates in such a way that it effectively reduces the dimensionality\nof the quantum geometry by one. This implies that within linear response\ntheory, one can perturb the system by a particular change of parameters while\nmaintaining a zero excitation rate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Percolation thresholds on 3-dimensional lattices with 3 nearest\n  neighbors: We present a study of site and bond percolation on periodic lattices with 3\nnearest neighbors per site. We have considered 3 lattices, with different\nsymmetries, different underlying Bravais lattices, and different degrees of\nlonger-range connections. As expected, we find that the site and bond\npercolation thresholds in all of the 3-connected lattices studied here are\nsignificantly higher than in diamond. Interestingly, thresholds for different\nlattices are similar to within a few percent, despite the differences between\nthe lattices at scales beyond nearest and next-nearest neighbors.",
        "positive": "Dynamic correlations in the conserved Manna sandpile: We study dynamic correlations for current and mass, as well as the associated\npower spectra, in the one-dimensional conserved Manna sandpile. We show that,\nin the thermodynamic limit, the variance of cumulative bond current up to time\n$T$ grows subdiffusively as $T^{1/2-\\mu}$ with the exponent $\\mu \\ge 0$\ndepending on the density regimes considered and, likewise, the power spectra of\ncurrent and mass at low frequency $f$ varies as $f^{1/2+\\mu}$ and\n$f^{-3/2+\\mu}$, respectively; our theory predicts that, far from criticality,\n$\\mu = 0$ and, near criticality, $\\mu = (\\beta+1)/2 \\nu_{\\perp} z > 0$ with\n$\\beta$, $\\nu_{\\perp}$ and $z$ being the order-parameter, correlation-length\nand dynamic exponents, respectively. The anomalous suppression of fluctuations\nnear criticality signifies a \"dynamic hyperuniformity\", characterized by a set\nof fluctuation relations, in which current, mass and tagged-particle\ndisplacement fluctuations are shown to have a precise quantitative relationship\nwith the density-dependent activity (or, it's derivative). In particular, the\nrelation, ${\\mathcal{D}}_s(\\bar{\\rho}) = a(\\bar{\\rho}) / \\bar{\\rho}$, between\nthe self-diffusion coefficient ${\\mathcal{D}}_s(\\bar{\\rho})$, activity\n$a(\\bar{\\rho})$ and density $\\bar{\\rho}$ explains a previous simulation\nobservation [Eur. Phys. J. B \\textbf{72}, 441 (2009)] that, near criticality,\nthe self-diffusion coefficient in the Manna sandpile has the same scaling\nbehavior as the activity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic speed limits for mechanical work: Thermodynamic speed limits are a set of classical uncertainty relations that,\nso far, place global bounds on the stochastic dissipation of energy as heat and\nthe production of entropy. Here, instead of constraints on these thermodynamic\ncosts, we derive integral speed limits that are upper and lower bounds on a\nthermodynamic benefit -- the minimum time for an amount of mechanical work to\nbe done on or by a system. In the short time limit, we show how this extrinsic\ntimescale relates to an intrinsic timescale for work, recovering the intrinsic\ntimescales in differential speed limits from these integral speed limits and\nturning the first law of stochastic thermodynamics into a first law of speeds.\nAs physical examples, we consider the work done by a flashing Brownian ratchet\nand the work done on a particle in a potential well subject to external\ndriving.",
        "positive": "Long-range fractal correlations in literary corpora: In this paper we analyse the fractal structure of long human-language records\nby mapping large samples of texts onto time series. The particular mapping set\nup in this work is inspired on linguistic basis in the sense that is retains\n{\\em the word} as the fundamental unit of communication. The results confirm\nthat beyond the short-range correlations resulting from syntactic rules acting\nat sentence level, long-range structures emerge in large written language\nsamples that give rise to long-range correlations in the use of words."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shocks in non-loaded bead chains with impurities: We numerically investigate the problem of the propagation of a shock in an\nhorizontal non-loaded granular chain with a bead interaction force exponent\nvarying from unity to large values. When $\\alpha$ is close to unity we observed\na cross-over between a nonlinearity-dominated regime and a solitonic one, the\nlatest being the final steady state of the propagating wave. In the case of\nlarge values of $\\alpha$ the deformation field given by the numerical\nsimulations is completely different from the one obtained by analytical\ncalculation. In the following we studied the interaction of these shock waves\nwith a mass impurity placed in the bead chain. Two different physical pictures\nemerge whether we consider a light or a heavy impurity mass. The scatter of the\nshock wave with a light impurity yields damped oscillations of the impurity\nwhich then behave as a solitary wave source. Differently an heavy impurity is\njust shifted by the shock and the transmitted wave loses its solitonic\ncharacter being fragmented into waves of decreasing amplitudes.",
        "positive": "A self-consistent approach to measure preferential attachment in\n  networks and its application to an inherent structure network: Preferential attachment is one possible way to obtain a scale-free network.\nWe develop a self-consistent method to determine whether preferential\nattachment occurs during the growth of a network, and to extract the\npreferential attachment rule using time-dependent data. Model networks are\ngrown with known preferential attachment rules to test the method, which is\nseen to be robust. The method is then applied to a scale-free inherent\nstructure network, which represents the connections between minima via\ntransition states on a potential energy landscape. Even though this network is\nstatic, we can examine the growth of the network as a function of a threshold\nenergy (rather than time), where only those transition states with energies\nlower than the threshold energy contribute to the network.For these networks we\nare able to detect the presence of preferential attachment, and this helps to\nexplain the ubiquity of funnels on energy landscapes. However, the scale-free\ndegree distribution shows some differences from that of a model network grown\nusing the obtained preferential attachment rules, implying that other factors\nare also important in the growth process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonextensivity at the edge of chaos of a new universality class of\n  one-dimensional unimodal dissipative maps: We introduce a new universality class of one-dimensional unimodal dissipative\nmaps. The new family, from now on referred to as the ($z_1,z_2$)-{\\it\nlogarithmic map}, corresponds to a generalization of the $z$-logistic map. The\nFeigenbaum-like constants of these maps are determined. It has been recently\nshown that the probability density of sums of iterates at the edge of chaos of\nthe $z$-logistic map is numerically consistent with a $q$-Gaussian, the\ndistribution which, under appropriate constraints, optimizes the nonadditive\nentropy $S_q$. We focus here on the presently generalized maps to check whether\nthey constitute a new universality class with regard to $q$-Gaussian attractor\ndistributions. We also study the generalized $q$-entropy production per unit\ntime on the new unimodal dissipative maps, both for strong and weak chaotic\ncases. The $q$-sensitivity indices are obtained as well. Our results are, like\nthose for the $z$-logistic maps, numerically compatible with the\n$q$-generalization of a Pesin-like identity for ensemble averages.",
        "positive": "Vortex clustering and universal scaling laws in two-dimensional quantum\n  turbulence: We investigate numerically the statistics of quantized vortices in\ntwo-dimensional quantum turbulence using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We find\nthat a universal $-5/3$ scaling law in the turbulent energy spectrum is\nintimately connected with the vortex statistics, such as number fluctuations\nand vortex velocity, which is also characterized by a similar scaling behavior.\nThe $-5/3$ scaling law appearing in the power spectrum of vortex number\nfluctuations is consistent with the scenario of passive advection of isolated\nvortices by a turbulent superfluid velocity generated by like-signed vortex\nclusters. The velocity probability distribution of clustered vortices is also\nsensitive to spatial configurations, and exhibits a power-law tail distribution\nwith a $-5/3$ exponent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Morphology of renormalization-group flow for the de\n  Almeida-Thouless-Gardner universality class: A replica-symmetry-breaking phase transition is predicted in a host of\ndisordered media. The criticality of the transition has, however, long been\nquestioned below its upper critical dimension, six, due to the absence of a\ncritical fixed point in the renormalization-group flows at one-loop order. A\nrecent two-loop analysis revealed a possible strong-coupling fixed point but,\ngiven the uncontrolled nature of perturbative analysis in the strong-coupling\nregime, debate persists. Here we examine the nature of the transition as a\nfunction of spatial dimension and show that the strong-coupling fixed point can\ngo through a Hopf bifurcation, resulting in a critical limit cycle and a\nconcomitant discrete scale invariance. We further investigate a different\nrenormalization scheme and argue that the basin of attraction of the\nstrong-coupling fixed point/limit cycle may thus stay finite for all\ndimensions.",
        "positive": "Dynamic behavior of the antiferromagnetically coupled bilayer Ising\n  model: Using the path probability and lowest approximation of cluster variation\nmethod, we study the dynamic and equilibrium properties of a bilayer magnetic\nsystem, consisting of two ferromagnetic monolayers antiferromagnetically\ncoupled for different spins $(\\sigma=1/2$ and $S=1)$. Firstly, numerical\nresults of the monolayer and total magnetizations are presented under the\neffect of the diverse physical parameters, and the phase diagrams of bilayer\nsystem are discussed. Then, since it is well established that the path\nprobability method is an effective method for the existence of metastable\nstates, the time evolution of monolayer- and total magnetizations is\ninvestigated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise induced Hopf bifurcation: We consider effect of stochastic sources upon self-organization process being\ninitiated with creation of the limit cycle induced by the Hopf bifurcation.\nGeneral relations obtained are applied to the stochastic Lorenz system to show\nthat departure from equilibrium steady state can destroy the limit cycle in\ndependence of relation between characteristic scales of temporal variation of\nprinciple variables. Noise induced resonance related to the limit cycle is\nfound to appear if the fastest variations displays a principle variable, which\nis coupled with two different degrees of freedom or more.",
        "positive": "Large deviations of a random walk model with emerging territories: We study an agent-based model of animals marking their territory and evading\nadversarial territory in one dimension, with respect to the distribution of the\nsize of the resulting territories. In particular, we use sophisticated sampling\nmethods to determine it over a large part of territory sizes, including\natypically small and large configurations, which occur with probability of less\nthan $10^{-30}$. We find hints for the validity of a large deviation principle,\nthe shape of the rate function for the right tail of the distribution and\ninsight into the structure of atypical realizations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shear-rate dependent transport coefficients in granular suspensions: A recent model for monodisperse granular suspensions is used to analyze\ntransport properties in spatially inhomogeneous states close to the simple (or\nuniform) shear flow. The kinetic equation is based on the inelastic Boltzmann\n(for low density gases) with the presence of a viscous drag force that models\nthe influence of the interstitial gas phase on the dynamics of grains. A normal\nsolution is obtained via a Chapman-Enskog-like expansion around a (local) shear\nflow distribution which retains all the hydrodynamic orders in the shear rate.\nTo first-order in the expansion, the transport coefficients characterizing\nmomentum and heat transport around shear flow are given in terms of the\nsolutions of a set of coupled linear integral equations which are approximately\nsolved by using a kinetic model of the Boltzmann equation. To simplify the\nanalysis, the steady-state conditions when viscous heating is compensated by\nthe cooling terms arising from viscous friction and collisional dissipation are\nconsidered to get the explicit forms of the set of generalized transport\ncoefficients. The shear-rate dependence of some of the transport coefficients\nof the set is illustrated for several values of the coefficient of restitution.",
        "positive": "Universal width distributions in non-Markovian Gaussian processes: We study the influence of boundary conditions on self-affine random functions\nu(t) in the interval t/L \\in [0,1], with independent Gaussian Fourier modes of\nvariance ~ 1/q^{\\alpha}. We consider the probability distribution of the mean\nsquare width of u(t) taken over the whole interval or in a window t/L \\in [x,\nx+\\delta]. Its characteristic function can be expressed in terms of the\nspectrum of an infinite matrix. This distribution strongly depends on the\nboundary conditions of u(t) for finite \\delta, but we show that it is universal\n(independent of boundary conditions) in the small-window limit. We compute it\ndirectly for all values of \\alpha, using, for \\alpha<3, an asymptotic expansion\nformula that we derive. For \\alpha > 3, the limiting width distribution is\nindependent of \\alpha. It corresponds to an infinite matrix with a single\nnon-zero eigenvalue. We give the exact expression for the width distribution in\nthis case. Our analysis facilitates the estimation of the roughness exponent\nfrom experimental data, in cases where the standard extrapolation method cannot\nbe used"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computer simulation study of the closure relations in hard sphere fluids: We study, using Monte Carlo simulations, the cavity and the bridge functions\nof various hard sphere fluids: one component system, equimolar additive and non\nadditive binary mixtures. In particular, we numerically check the assumption of\nlocal dependency of the bridge functions from the indirect correlation\nfunctions, on which most of the existing integral equation theories hinge. We\nfind that this condition can be violated either in the region around the first\nand second neighbors shell, or inside the hard core, for the systems here\nconsidered. The violations manifest themselves clearly in the so called\nDuh-Haymet plots of the bridge functions versus the indirect correlation\nfunctions and become amplified as the coupling of the system increases.",
        "positive": "Statistical Mechanics for States with Complex Eigenvalues and\n  Quasi-stable Semiclassical Systems: Statistical mechanics for states with complex eigenvalues, which are\ndescribed by Gel'fand triplet and represent unstable states like resonances,\nare discussed on the basis of principle of equal ${\\it a priori}$ probability.\nA new entropy corresponding to the freedom for the imaginary eigenvalues\nappears in the theory. In equilibriums it induces a new physical observable\nwhich can be identified as a common time scale. It is remarkable that in spaces\nwith more than 2 dimensions we find out existence of stable and quasi-stable\nsystems, even though all constituents are unstable. In such systems all\nconstituents are connected by stationary flows which are generally observable\nand then we can say that they are semiclassical systems. Examples for such\nsemiclassical systems are constructed in parabolic potential barriers. The\nflexible structure of the systems is also pointed out."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maximum Entropy approach to a Mean Field Theory for Fluids: Making statistical predictions requires tackling two problems: one must\nassign appropriate probability distributions and then one must calculate a\nvariety of expected values. The method of maximum entropy is commonly used to\naddress the first problem. Here we explore its use to tackle the second\nproblem. We show how this use of maximum entropy leads to the Bogoliuvob\nvariational principle which we generalize, apply to density functional theory,\nand use it to develop a mean field theory for classical fluids. Numerical\ncalculations for Argon gas are compared with experimental data.",
        "positive": "Performance of near-optimal protocols in weak processes: A natural criticism of the universal optimal protocol of the irreversible\nwork found in the context of weak processes is its experimental difficulty to\nbe implementable due to its singular part. In this work, I propose as a partial\nsolution to this problem its continuous linear part as an acceptable\nnear-optimal protocol. This is based on the analysis of several examples of the\nerror committed to approximating the solution extended until its second order\nin its continuous linear part. The result seems to be universal: depending\nmainly on the ratio between switching time and waiting time $\\tau/\\tau_w$, the\nerror for sudden and slowly-varying processes is less than $1\\%$, while for\n$\\tau\\approx\\tau_w$ it has a peak with an upper bound around $8\\%$. Although\nimplementing Dirac deltas could be an experimental challenge, I present also\nthe error including those functions, where the results of these new\nnear-optimal protocols become slightly better."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasi-stationary distributions for stochastic processes with an\n  absorbing state: We study the long-time behavior of stochastic models with an absorbing state,\nconditioned on survival. For a large class of processes, in which saturation\nprevents unlimited growth, statistical properties of the surviving sample\nattain time-independent limiting values. We may then define a quasi-stationary\nprobability distribution as one in which the ratios p_n(t)/p_m(t) (for any pair\nof nonabsorbing states n and m), are time-independent. This is not a true\nstationary distribution, since the overall normalization decays as probability\nflows irreversibly to the absorbing state. We construct quasi-stationary\nsolutions for the contact process on a complete graph, the Malthus-Verhulst\nprocess, Schlogl's second model, and the voter model on a complete graph. We\nalso construct the master equation and quasi-stationary state in a two-site\napproximation for the contact process, and for a pair of competing\nMalthus-Verhulst processes.",
        "positive": "Collisional Cooling of a Charged Granular Medium: The dissipation rate due to inelastic collisions between equally charged,\ninsulating particles in a dilute granular medium is calculated. It is equal to\nthe known dissipation rate for uncharged granular media multiplied by a\nBoltzmann-like factor, that originates from Coulomb interactions. We include\nparticle correlations by introducing an effective potential, that replaces the\nbare Coulomb potential in the Boltzmann factor. All results are confirmed by\ncomputer simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Single Particle Brownian Motion with Solid Friction: We study the Brownian dynamics of a solid particle on a vibrating solid\nsurface. Phenomenologically, the interaction between the two solid surfaces is\nmodeled by solid friction, and the Gaussian white noise models the vibration of\nthe solid surface. The solid friction is proportional to the sign of relative\nvelocity. We derive the Fokker-Planck (FP) equation for the time-dependent\nprobability distribution to find the particle at a given location. We calculate\nanalytically the steady state velocity distribution function, mean-squared\nvelocity and diffusion coefficient in $d$ dimensions. We present a generic\nmethod of calculating the autocorrelations in $d$ dimensions. This results in\none dimension in an exact evaluation of the steady state velocity\nautocorrelation. In higher dimensions, our exact general expression enables the\nanalytic evaluation of the autocorrelation to any required approximation. We\npresent approximate analytic expressions in two and three dimensions. Next, we\nnumerically calculate the mean-square velocity and steady state velocity\nautocorrelation function up to $d=3$. Our numerical results are in good\nagreement with the analytically obtained results.",
        "positive": "Large-scale Monte Carlo simulations for the depinning transition in\n  Ising-type lattice models: With the developed \"extended Monte Calro\" (EMC) algorithm, we have studied\nthe depinning transition in Ising-type lattice models by extensive numerical\nsimulations, taking the random-field Ising model with a driving field and the\ndriven bond-diluted Ising model as examples. In comparison with the usual Monte\nCarlo method, the EMC algorithm exhibits greater efficiency of the simulations.\nBased on the short-time dynamic scaling form, both the transition field and\ncritical exponents of the depinning transition are determined accurately via\nthe large-scale simulations with the lattice size up to L = 8 912,\nsignificantly refining the results in earlier literature. In the\nstrong-disorder regime, a new universality class of the Ising-type lattice\nmodel is unveiled with the exponents {\\beta} = 0.304(5), {\\nu} = 1.32(3), z =\n1.12(1), and {\\zeta} = 0.90(1), quite different from that of the quenched\nEdwards-Wilkinson equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multi-terminal Thermoelectric Transport in a Magnetic Field: Bounds on\n  Onsager Coefficients and Efficiency: Thermoelectric transport involving an arbitrary number of terminals is\ndiscussed in the presence of a magnetic field breaking time-reversal symmetry\nwithin the linear response regime using the Landauer-B\\\"uttiker formalism. We\nderive a universal bound on the Onsager coefficients that depends only on the\nnumber of terminals. This bound implies bounds on the efficiency and on\nefficiency at maximum power for heat engines and refrigerators. For isothermal\nengines pumping particles and for absorption refrigerators these bounds become\nindependent even of the number of terminals. On a technical level, these\nresults follow from an original algebraic analysis of the asymmetry index of\ndoubly substochastic matrices and their Schur complements.",
        "positive": "Explosive crystallization mechanism of ultradisperse amorphous films: The explosive crystallization of germanium ultradisperse amorphous films is\nstudied experimentally. We show that crystallization may be initiated by local\nheating at the small film thickness but it realizes spontaneously at the large\nones. The fractal pattern of the crystallized phase is discovered that is\ninherent in the phenomena of diffusion limited aggregation. It is shown that in\ncontrast to the ordinary crystallization mode the explosive one is connected\nwith the instability which is caused by the self-heating. A transition from the\nfirst mechanism to the second one is modelled by Lorenz system. The process of\nexplosive crystallization is represented on the basis of the self-organized\ncriticality conception. The front movement is described as the effective\ndiffusion in the ultrametric space of hierarchically subordinated avalanches,\ncorresponding to the explosive crystallization of elementary volumes of\nultradisperse powder. The expressions for the stationary crystallization heat\ndistribution and the steady-state heat current are obtained. The heat needed\nfor initiation of the explosive crystallization is obtained as a function of\nthe thermometric conductivity. The time dependence of the spontaneous\ncrystallization probability in a thin films is examined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tsallis thermostatistics for finite systems: a Hamiltonian approach: We show that finite systems whose Hamiltonians obey a generalized homogeneity\nrelation rigorously follow the nonextensive thermostatistics of Tsallis. In the\nthermodynamical limit, however, our results indicate that the Boltzmann-Gibbs\nstatistics is always recovered, regardless of the type of potential among\ninteracting particles. This approach provides, moreover, a one-to-one\ncorrespondence between the generalized entropy and the Hamiltonian structure of\na wide class of systems, revealing a possible origin for the intrinsic\nnonlinear features present in the Tsallis formalism that lead naturally to\npower-law behavior. Finally, we confirm these exact results through extensive\nnumerical simulations of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chain of anharmonic oscillators.",
        "positive": "Fringe patterns of Bose condensates: We investigate within the Gross-Pitaevski (GP) theory the formation of fringe\npatterns between two Bose condensates stored in a double well potential\nmodelling the forces applied to the experimental systems. In the case of\nrepulsive interactions between the atoms, we report the onset of interference\nstructures similar to those observed in the experiments, after the release of\nthe confining potential. Conversely, attractive interactions lead to the\ncollapse of the condensate when the number of particles is larger than a\ncritical value. We show that a bias field introduced in the center of the trap\nallows the system to avoid the blow-up of the density and gives rise to a\nperiodic behavior of growth and decay of spatial modulations reminiscent of the\nFermi-Pasta-Ulam recurrence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic stability and critical points in multicomponent mixtures\n  with structured interactions: Theoretical work has shed light on the phase behavior of idealized mixtures\nof many components with random interactions. But typical mixtures interact\nthrough particular physical features, leading to a structured, non-random\ninteraction matrix of lower rank. Here we develop a theoretical framework for\nsuch mixtures and derive mean-field conditions for thermodynamic stability and\ncritical behavior. Irrespective of the number of components and features, this\nframework allows for a generally lower-dimensional representation in the space\nof features and proposes a principled way to coarse-grain multicomponent\nmixtures as binary mixtures. Moreover, it suggests a way to systematically\ncharacterize different series of critical points and their codimensions in\nmean-field. Since every pairwise interaction matrix can be expressed in terms\nof features, our work is applicable to a broad class of mean-field models.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation Induced Forces in Non-equilibrium (Diffusive) Dynamics: Thermal fluctuations in non-equilibrium steady states generically lead to\npower law decay of correlations for conserved quantities. Embedded bodies which\nconstrain fluctuations in turn experience fluctuation induced forces. We\ncompute these forces for the simple case of parallel slabs in a driven\ndiffusive system. The force falls off with slab separation $d$ as $k_B T/d$ (at\ntemperature $T$, and in all spatial dimensions), but can be attractive or\nrepulsive. Unlike the equilibrium Casimir force, the force amplitude is\nnon-universal and explicitly depends on dynamics. The techniques introduced can\nbe generalized to study pressure and fluctuation induced forces in a broad\nclass of non-equilibrium systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal scaling for second class particles in a one-dimensional\n  misanthrope process: We consider the one-dimensional Katz-Lebowitz-Spohn (KLS) model, which is a\ntwo-parameter generalization of the Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process\n(TASEP) with nearest neighbour interaction. Using a powerful mapping, the KLS\nmodel can be translated into a misanthrope process. In this model, for the\nrepulsive case, it is possible to introduce second class particles, the number\nof which is conserved. We study the distance distribution of second class\nparticles in this model numerically and find that for large distances it\ndecreases with a power -3/2. This agrees with a previous analytical result for\nthe TASEP where the same asymptotic behaviour was found [Derrida et al. 1993].\nWe also study the dynamical scaling function of the distance distribution and\nfind that it is universal within this family of models.",
        "positive": "Surrogate testing of linear feedback processes with non-Gaussian\n  innovations: Surrogate testing is used widely to determine the nature of the process\ngenerating the given empirical sample. In the present study, the usefulness of\nphase-randomized surrogates, amplitude adjusted Fourier transform (AAFT) and\niterated amplitude adjusted Fourier transform (IAAFT) surrogates on statistical\ninference of linearly correlated noise with non-Gaussian innovations and their\nstatic, invertible nonlinear transforms from their empirical samples is\ndiscussed. Existing surrogate testing procedures which retain the\nauto-correlation function in the surrogates may not be appropriate in the\npresence of non-Gaussian innovations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Immune Network: An Example of Complex Adaptive Systems: The phenomenon of immunological memory has been known for a long time. But,\nthe underlying mechanism is poorly understood. According to the theory of\nclonal selection the response to a specific invading antigen (e.g., bacteria)\nis offered by a specific clone of the cells. Some of the lymphocytes activated\nduring the primary response remain dormant and keep circulating in the immune\nsystem for a long time carrying the memory of the encounter and, therefore,\nthese long-lived cells are called memory cells. Proponents of the alternative\nnetwork theory maintain that the immune response is offered by a \"network\" of\nclones in a collective manner. In recent years several possible scenarios of\nthe \"structure\" and function of the immune network have been considered. We\nhave developed mathematical models for describing the population dynamics of\nthe immunocompetent cells in a unified manner. We have incorporated\nintra-clonal as well as inter-clonal interactions in a discrete formulation and\nalso studied a continuum version of this model.",
        "positive": "Betweenness centrality correlation in social networks: Scale-free (SF) networks exhibiting a power-law degree distribution can be\ngrouped into the assortative, dissortative and neutral networks according to\nthe behavior of the degree-degree correlation coefficient. Here we investigate\nthe betweenness centrality (BC) correlation for each type of SF networks. While\nthe BC-BC correlation coefficients behave similarly to the degree-degree\ncorrelation coefficients for the dissortative and neutral networks, the BC\ncorrelation is nontrivial for the assortative ones found mainly in social\nnetworks. The mean BC of neighbors of a vertex with BC $g_i$ is almost\nindependent of $g_i$, implying that each person is surrounded by almost the\nsame influential environments of people no matter how influential the person\nis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetization Switching in Small Ferromagnetic Particles: Nucleation and\n  Coherent Rotation: The mechanisms of thermally activated magnetization switching in small\nferromagnetic particles driven by an external magnetic field are investigated.\nFor low uniaxial anisotropy the spins rotate coherently while for sufficiently\nlarge uniaxial anisotropy they behave Ising-like, i.e. the switching then is\ndue to nucleation. The crossover from coherent rotation to nucleation is\nstudied for the classical three-dimensional Heisenberg model with uniaxial\nanisotropy by Monte Carlo simulations. From the temperature dependence of the\nmetastable lifetime the energy barrier of a switching process can be\ndetermined. For the case of infinite anisotropy we compare numerical results\nfrom simulations of the Ising model with theoretical results for energy\nbarriers for both, single-droplet and multi-droplet nucleation. The simulated\nbarriers are in agreement with the theoretical predictions.",
        "positive": "Domain growth morphology in curvature driven two dimensional coarsening: We study the distribution of domain areas, areas enclosed by domain\nboundaries (''hulls''), and perimeters for curvature-driven two-dimensional\ncoarsening, employing a combination of exact analysis and numerical studies,\nfor various initial conditions. We show that the number of hulls per unit area,\n$n_h(A,t) dA$, with enclosed area in the interval $(A,A+dA)$, is described, for\na disordered initial condition, by the scaling function $n_h(A,t) = 2c_h/(A +\n\\lambda_h t)^2$, where $c_h=1/8\\pi\\sqrt{3} \\approx 0.023$ is a universal\nconstant and $\\lambda_h$ is a material parameter. For a critical initial\ncondition, the same form is obtained, with the same $\\lambda_h$ but with $c_h$\nreplaced by $c_h/2$. For the distribution of domain areas, we argue that the\ncorresponding scaling function has, for random initial conditions, the form\n$n_d(A,t) = 2c_d (\\lambda_d t)^{\\tau'-2}/(A + \\lambda_d t)^{\\tau'}$, where\n$c_d=c_h + {\\cal O}(c_h^2)$, $\\lambda_d=\\lambda_h + {\\cal O}(c_h)$, and $\\tau'\n= 187/91 \\approx 2.055$. For critical initial conditions, one replaces $c_d$ by\n$c_d/2$ (possibly with corrections of ${\\cal O}(c_h^2)$) and the exponent is\n$\\tau = 379/187 \\approx 2.027$. These results are extended to describe the\nnumber density of the length of hulls and domain walls surrounding connected\nclusters of aligned spins. These predictions are supported by extensive\nnumerical simulations. We also study numerically the geometric properties of\nthe boundaries and areas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact first-order effect of interactions on the ground-state energy of\n  harmonically-confined fermions: We consider a system of $N$ spinless fermions, interacting with each other\nvia a power-law interaction $\\epsilon/r^n$, and trapped in an external harmonic\npotential $V(r) = r^2/2$, in $d=1,2,3$ dimensions. For any $0 < n < d+2$, we\nobtain the ground-state energy $E_N$ of the system perturbatively in\n$\\epsilon$, $E_{N}=E_{N}^{\\left(0\\right)}+\\epsilon\nE_{N}^{\\left(1\\right)}+O\\left(\\epsilon^{2}\\right)$. We calculate\n$E_{N}^{\\left(1\\right)}$ exactly, assuming that $N$ is such that the \"outer\nshell\" is filled. For the case of a Coulomb interaction $n=1$, we extract the\n$N \\gg 1$ behavior of $E_{N}^{\\left(1\\right)}$, focusing on the corrections to\nthe exchange term with respect to the leading-order term that is predicted from\nthe local density approximation applied to the Thomas-Fermi approximate density\ndistribution. The leading correction contains a logarithmic divergence, and is\nof particular importance in the context of density functional theory. We also\nstudy the effect of the interactions on the fermions' spatial density. Finally,\nwe find that our result for $E_{N}^{\\left(1\\right)}$ significantly simplifies\nin the case where $n$ is even.",
        "positive": "Pair Connectedness and Shortest Path Scaling in Critical Percolation: We present high statistics data on the distribution of shortest path lengths\nbetween two near-by points on the same cluster at the percolation threshold.\nOur data are based on a new and very efficient algorithm. For $d=2$ they\nclearly disprove a recent conjecture by M. Porto et al., Phys. Rev. {\\bf E 58},\nR5205 (1998). Our data also provide upper bounds on the probability that two\nnear-by points are on different infinite clusters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical points in coupled Potts models and critical phases in coupled\n  loop models: We show how to couple two critical Q-state Potts models to yield a new\nself-dual critical point. We also present strong evidence of a dense critical\nphase near this critical point when the Potts models are defined in their\ncompletely packed loop representations. In the continuum limit, the new\ncritical point is described by an SU(2) coset conformal field theory, while in\nthis limit of the the critical phase, the two loop models decouple. Using a\ncombination of exact results and numerics, we also obtain the phase diagram in\nthe presence of vacancies. We generalize these results to coupling two Potts\nmodels at different Q.",
        "positive": "Geometric Study on Canonical Nonlinearity for FCC-based Binary Alloys: For classical discrete systems under constant composition (typically reffered\nto as substitutional alloys), canonical average phi typically provides a\ncomplicated nonlinear map from a set of potential energy surface to that of\nmacroscropic structure in thermodynamic equilibrium, the so-called canonical\nnonlinearity: CN. Although our recent study reveals that the CN can be\nreasonablly addressed for individual microscopic configuration by two different\nways of special vector field on configuration space, anharmonicity in the\nstructural degree of freedoms (ASDF), and Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence DKL,\nthat is the conceptual extention of ASDF to statistical manifold to include\nfurther non-local information about CN, their direct correlation on real\nlattices, is still totally unclear. We here tuckle this problem for fcc-based\nequiatomic binary alloys that have been most studied in the CN-based context.\nWe confirm that while one of the contribution to CN of DdG for each\nconfiguration, due to difference in CDOS from Gaussian, exhibits significant\npositive correlation with ASDF, another contribution of Dns due to\nnon-separability in structural degee of freedoms (SDFs) exhibit no effective\ncorrelation with ASDF, which can be naturally accepted since the former\ncontribution depends on ASDF itself, while the latter is independent. We find\nthat average of Dns over all configurations for sets of SDFs can be\nwell-characterized by information about asymmetric Hausdorff distance between\nconfigurational polyhedra (CP) for practical and ideally separable system, and\nCP hypervolumes. This fact certainly indicates that non-local information about\nCN has profound connection to the geometric configuration for ground-state\nstructures of alloys on configuration space."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Solution of an Evolutionary Model without Ageing: We introduce an age-structured asexual population model containing all the\nrelevant features of evolutionary ageing theories. Beneficial as well as\ndeleterious mutations, heredity and arbitrary fecundity are present and managed\nby natural selection. An exact solution without ageing is found. We show that\nfertility is associated with generalized forms of the Fibonacci sequence, while\nmutations and natural selection are merged into an integral equation which is\nsolved by Fourier series. Average survival probabilities and Malthusian growth\nexponents are calculated indicating that the system may exhibit mutational\nmeltdown. The relevance of the model in the context of fissile reproduction\ngroups as many protozoa and coelenterates is discussed.",
        "positive": "Numerical evidence of quantum melting of spin ice: quantum-classical\n  crossover: Unbiased quantum Monte-Carlo simulations are performed on the\nnearest-neighbor spin-$\\frac{1}{2}$ pyrochlore XXZ model with an\nantiferromagnetic longitudinal and a weak ferromagnetic transverse exchange\ncouplings, $J$ and $J_\\perp$. The specific heat exhibits a broad peak at\n$T_{\\mathrm{CSI}}\\sim0.2J$ associated with a crossover to a classical Coulomb\nliquid regime showing a suppressed spin-ice monopole density, a broadened\npinch-point singularity, and the Pauling entropy for $|J_\\perp|\\ll J$, as in\nclassical spin ice. On further cooling, the entropy restarts decaying for\n$J_\\perp>J_{\\perp c}\\sim-0.104J$, producing another broad specific heat peak\nfor a crossover to a bosonic quantum Coulomb liquid, where the spin correlation\ncontains both photon and quantum spin-ice monopole contributions. With\nnegatively increasing $J_\\perp$ across $J_{\\perp c}$, a first-order thermal\nphase transition occurs from the quantum Coulomb liquid to an XY ferromagnet.\nRelevance to magnetic rare-earth pyrochlore oxides is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evolving networks with disadvantaged long-range connections: We consider a growing network, whose growth algorithm is based on the\npreferential attachment typical for scale-free constructions, but where the\nlong-range bonds are disadvantaged. Thus, the probability to get connected to a\nsite at distance $d$ is proportional to $d^{-\\alpha}$, where $\\alpha $ is a\ntunable parameter of the model. We show that the properties of the networks\ngrown with $\\alpha <1$ are close to those of the genuine scale-free\nconstruction, while for $\\alpha >1$ the structure of the network is vastly\ndifferent. Thus, in this regime, the node degree distribution is no more a\npower law, and it is well-represented by a stretched exponential. On the other\nhand, the small-world property of the growing networks is preserved at all\nvalues of $\\alpha $.",
        "positive": "Quantum critical systems with dissipative boundaries: We study the effects of dissipative boundaries in many-body systems at\ncontinuous quantum transitions, when the parameters of the Hamiltonian driving\nthe unitary dynamics are close to their critical values. As paradigmatic\nmodels, we consider fermionic wires subject to dissipative interactions at the\nboundaries, associated with pumping or loss of particles. They are induced by\ncouplings with a Markovian baths, so that the evolution of the system density\nmatrix can be described by a Lindblad master equation. We study the quantum\nevolution arising from variations of the Hamiltonian and dissipation\nparameters, starting at t=0 from the ground state of the critical Hamiltonian.\nTwo different dynamic regimes emerge: (i) an early-time regime for times t ~ L,\nwhere the competition between coherent and incoherent drivings develops a\ndynamic finite-size scaling, obtained by extending the scaling framework\ndescribing the coherent critical dynamics of the closed system, to allow for\nthe boundary dissipation; (ii) a large-time regime for t ~ L^3 whose dynamic\nscaling describes the late quantum evolution leading to the t->infty stationary\nstates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transport-induced correlations in weakly interacting systems: We study spatial correlations in the transport of energy between two baths at\ndifferent temperatures. To do this, we introduce a minimal model in which\nenergy flows from one bath to another through two subsystems. We show that the\ntransport-induced energy correlations between the two subsystems are of the\nsame order as the energy fluctuations within each subsystem. The correlations\ncan be either positive or negative and we give bounds on their values which are\nassociated with a dynamic energy scale. The different signs originate as a\ncompetition between fluctuations generated near the baths, and fluctuations of\nthe current between the two subsystems. This interpretation sheds light on\nknown results for spatially-dependent heat and particle conduction models.",
        "positive": "Mapping the influence of impurities with varying interaction strength on\n  nucleation in the 2D Ising model: We study nucleation of magnetisation reversal in the two dimensional Ising\nmodel at non-zero external field and in the presence of randomly placed static\nand dynamic impurities. Impurity-spin interaction strengths are varied fixing\nother interaction strengths. We observe a decrease in the nucleation rate when\nthe total interaction strength with impurities is decreased in the case of\nstatic impurities. The nucleation rate saturates with respect to interaction\nstrength when the impurity density is low. However the nucleation rate does not\nsaturate for high impurity density. Similar behaviour is observed with dynamic\nimpurities both at low and high densities. We explore a broad range of both\nspin-symmetric and spin-antisymmetric interaction strengths and map the regime\nfor which the impurities act as a surfactant, decreasing the surface energy of\nthe nucleating phase. We also characterise different nucleation regimes\nobserved at different values of interaction strength. These include regimes\nwhere impurities are included or excluded from the nucleus, and a region in\nwhich we observe cross nucleation of impurity clusters at the nucleus boundary."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mixed population of competing TASEPs with a shared reservoir of\n  particles: We introduce a mean-field theoretical framework to describe multiple totally\nasymmetric simple exclusion processes (TASEPs) with different lattice lengths,\nentry and exit rates, competing for a finite reservoir of particles. We present\nrelations for the partitioning of particles between the reservoir and the\nlattices: these relations allow us to show that competition for particles can\nhave non-trivial effects on the phase behavior of individual lattices. For a\nsystem with non-identical lattices, we find that when a subset of lattices\nundergoes a phase transition from low to high density, the entire set of\nlattice currents becomes independent of total particle number. We generalize\nour approach to systems with a continuous distribution of lattice parameters,\nfor which we demonstrate that measurements of the current carried by a single\nlattice type can be used to extract the entire distribution of lattice\nparameters. Our approach applies to populations of TASEPs with any distribution\nof lattice parameters, and could easily be extended beyond the mean-field case.",
        "positive": "Evolution of statistical averages: an interdisciplinary proposal using\n  the Chapman-Enskog method: This work examines the idea of applying the Chapman-Enskog (CE) method for\napproximating the solution of the Boltzmann equation beyond the realm of\nphysics, using an information theory approach. Equations describing the\nevolution of averages and their fluctuations in a generalized phase space are\nestablished up to first order in the Knudsen parameter, which is defined as the\nratio of the time between interactions (mean free time) and a characteristic\nmacroscopic time. Although the general equations here obtained may be applied\nin a wide range of disciplines, in this paper only a particular case related to\nthe evolution of averages in speculative markets is examined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical process for switching dynamics between metastable ordered\n  magnetic state and nonmagnetic ground state in photoinduced phase transition: We propose a dynamical mechanism of the two-way switching between the\nmetastable state and the stable state, which has been found in experiments of\nphotoinduced reversible magnetization and photoinduced structural phase\ntransition. We find that the two-way switching with a non-symmetry breaking\nperturbation such as illumination is possible only in systems with appropriate\nparameters. We make it clear that the existence of two time scales in the\ndynamical process is important for the two-way switching.",
        "positive": "Exact thermodynamics of a planar array of Ginzburg-Landau chains with nn\n  and nnn interactions: The exact expression of the free energy of a planar array of a\nGinzburg-Landau chains with nn and nnn interaction is obtained. The critical\nbehaviour of the specific heat is not qualitatively modified by taking into\naccount the nnn interaction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extremal statistics of curved growing interfaces in 1+1 dimensions: We study the joint probability distribution function (pdf) of the maximum M\nof the height and its position X_M of a curved growing interface belonging to\nthe universality class described by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation in 1+1\ndimensions. We obtain exact results for the closely related problem of p\nnon-intersecting Brownian bridges where we compute the joint pdf P_p(M,\\tau_M)\nwhere \\tau_M is there the time at which the maximal height M is reached. Our\nanalytical results, in the limit p \\to \\infty, become exact for the interface\nproblem in the growth regime. We show that our results, for moderate values of\np \\sim 10 describe accurately our numerical data of a prototype of these\nsystems, the polynuclear growth model in droplet geometry. We also discuss\napplications of our results to the ground state configuration of the directed\npolymer in a random potential with one fixed endpoint.",
        "positive": "Ordered Phase of the Dipolar Spin Ice under [110]-Magnetic Fields: We find that the true ground state of the dipolar spin ice system under\n[110]-magnetic fields is the ``Q=X'' structure, which is consistent with both\nexperiments and Monte Carlo simulations. We then perform a Monte Carlo\nsimulation to confirm that there exists a first order phase transition under\nthe [110]-field. In particular this result indicates the existence of the first\norder phase transition to the ``Q=X'' phase in the field above 0.35 T for\nDy2Ti2O7. We also show the magnetic field-temperature phase diagram to\nsummarize the ordered states of this system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-consistent calculation of the coupling constant in the\n  Gross-Pitaevskii equation: A method is proposed for a self-consistent evaluation of the coupling\nconstant in the Gross-Pitaevskii equation without involving a pseudopotential\nreplacement. A renormalization of the coupling constant occurs due to medium\neffects and the trapping potential, e.g. in quasi-1D or quasi-2D systems. It is\nshown that a simplified version of the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximation\nleads to a variational problem for both the condensate and a two-body wave\nfunction describing the behaviour of a pair of bosons in the Bose-Einstein\ncondensate. The resulting coupled equations are free of unphysical divergences.\nParticular cases of this scheme that admit analytical estimations are\nconsidered and compared to the literature. In addition to the well-known cases\nof low-dimensional trapping, cross-over regimes can be studied. The values of\nthe kinetic, interaction, external, and release energies in low dimensions are\nalso evaluated and contributions due to short-range correlations are found to\nbe substantial.",
        "positive": "Bulk and boundary critical behaviour of thin and thick domain walls in\n  the two-dimensional Potts model: The geometrical critical behaviour of the two-dimensional Q-state Potts model\nis usually studied in terms of the Fortuin-Kasteleyn (FK) clusters, or their\nsurrounding loops. In this paper we study a quite different geometrical object:\nthe spin clusters, defined as connected domains where the spin takes a constant\nvalue. Unlike the usual loops, the domain walls separating different spin\nclusters can cross and branch. Moreover, they come in two versions, \"thin\" or\n\"thick\", depending on whether they separate spin clusters of different or\nidentical colours. For these reasons their critical behaviour is different\nfrom, and richer than, those of FK clusters. We develop a transfer matrix\ntechnique enabling the formulation and numerical study of spin clusters even\nwhen Q is not an integer. We further identify geometrically the crossing events\nwhich give rise to conformal correlation functions. We study the critical\nbehaviour both in the bulk, and at a boundary with free, fixed, or mixed\nboundary conditions. This leads to infinite series of fundamental critical\nexponents, h_{l_1-l_2,2 l_1} in the bulk and h_{1+2(l_1-l_2),1+4 l_1} at the\nboundary, valid for 0 <= Q <= 4, that describe the insertion of l_1 thin and\nl_2 thick domain walls. We argue that these exponents imply that the domain\nwalls are `thin' and `thick' also in the continuum limit. A special case of the\nbulk exponents is derived analytically from a massless scattering approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Static and Dynamic Properties of a Viscous Silica Melt Molecular\n  Dynamics Computer Simulations: We present the results of a large scale molecular dynamics computer\nsimulation in which we investigated the static and dynamic properties of a\nsilica melt in the temperature range in which the viscosity of the system\nchanges from O(10^-2) Poise to O(10^2) Poise. We show that even at temperatures\nas high as 4000 K the structure of this system is very similar to the random\ntetrahedral network found in silica at lower temperatures. The temperature\ndependence of the concentration of the defects in this network shows an\nArrhenius law. From the partial structure factors we calculate the neutron\nscattering function and find that it agrees very well with experimental neutron\nscattering data. At low temperatures the temperature dependence of the\ndiffusion constants $D$ shows an Arrhenius law with activation energies which\nare in very good agreement with the experimental values. With increasing\ntemperature we find that this dependence shows a cross-over to one which can be\ndescribed well by a power-law, D\\propto (T-T_c)^gamma. The critical temperature\nT_c is 3330 K and the exponent gamma is close to 2.1. Since we find a similar\ncross-over in the viscosity we have evidence that the relaxation dynamics of\nthe system changes from a flow-like motion of the particles, as described by\nthe ideal version of mode-coupling theory, to a hopping like motion. We show\nthat such a change of the transport mechanism is also observed in the product\nof the diffusion constant and the life time of a Si-O bond, or the space and\ntime dependence of the van Hove correlation functions.",
        "positive": "Reversible reactions controlled by surface diffusion on a sphere: We study diffusion of particles on the surface of a sphere toward a partially\nreactive circular target with partly reversible binding kinetics. We solve the\ncoupled diffusion-reaction equations and obtain the exact expressions for the\ntime-dependent concentration of particles and the total diffusive flux.\nExplicit asymptotic formulas are derived in the small target limit. This study\nreveals the strong effects of reversible binding kinetics onto\ndiffusion-mediated reactions that may be relevant for many biochemical\nreactions on cell membranes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic Properties of 2-Dimensional Dipolar Squares: Boundary Geometry\n  Dependence: By means of the molecular dynamics simulation on gradual cooling processes,\nwe investigate magnetic properties of classical spin systems only with the\nmagnetic dipole-dipole interaction, which we call dipolar systems. Focusing on\ntheir finite-size effect, particularly their boundary geometry dependence, we\nstudy two finite dipolar squares cut out from a square lattice with $\\Phi=0$\nand $\\pi/4$, where $\\Phi$ is an angle between the direction of the lattice axis\nand that of the square boundary. Distinctly different results are obtained in\nthe two dipolar squares. In the $\\Phi=0$ square, the ``from-edge-to-interior\nfreezing'' of spins is observed. Its ground state has a multi-domain structure\nwhose domains consist of the two among infinitely (continuously) degenerated\nLuttinger-Tisza (LT) ground-state orders on a bulk square lattice, i.e., the\ntwo antiferromagnetically aligned ferromagnetic chains (af-FMC) orders directed\nin parallel to the two lattice axes. In the $\\Phi=\\pi/4$ square, on the other\nhand, the freezing starts from the interior of the square, and its ground state\nis nearly in a single domain with one of the two af-FMC orders. These geometry\neffects are argued to originate from the anisotropic nature of the\ndipole-dipole interaction which depends on the relative direction of sites in a\nreal space of the interacting spins.",
        "positive": "Applying a new method to the 2-d Ising transition: The Ising ferromagnetic model on a square lattice is revisited using the\nGalam Unifying Frame (GUF), set to investigate the dynamics of two-state\nvariable systems within the frame of opinion dynamics. When combined with\nMetropolis dynamics, an unexpected intermediate \"dis/order\" phase is found with\nthe coexistence of two attractors associated respectively to an ordered and a\ndisordered phases. The basin of attraction of initial conditions for the\ndisordered phase attractor starts from zero size at a first critical\ntemperature $T_{c1}$ to embody the total landscape of initial conditions at a\nsecond critical temperature $T_{c2}$ with $T_{c1}\\approx 1.59$ and\n$T_{c2}\\approx 2.11$ in $J/k_B$ units. It appears that $T_{c2}$ is close to the\nOnsager result $T_{c}\\approx 2.27$. The transition, which is first-order like,\nexhibits a vertical jump to the disorder phase at $T_{c2}$, reminiscent of the\nrather abrupt vanishing of the corresponding Onsager second order transition.\nHowever, using Glauber dynamics combined with GUF does not yield the\nintermediate phase and instead the expected single transition at $T_{c}\\approx\n3.09$. Accordingly, although the \"dis/order\" phase produced by the GUF -\nMetropolis combination is not physical, it is an intriguing result to be\nunderstood. In particular the fact that Glauber and Metropolis dynamics yield\nso different results using GUF needs an explanation. The possibility of\nextending GUF to larger clusters is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Manifestation of classical bifurcation in the spectrum of the integrable\n  quantum dimer: We analyze the classical and quantum properties of the integrable dimer\nproblem. The classical version exhibits exactly one bifurcation in phase space,\nwhich gives birth to permutational symmetry broken trajectories and a\nseparatrix. The quantum analysis yields all tunneling rates (splittings) in\nleading order of perturbation. In the semiclassical regime the eigenvalue\nspectrum obtained by numerically exact diagonalization allows to conclude about\nthe presence of a separatrix and a bifurcation in the corresponding classical\nmodel.",
        "positive": "Universal representation by Boltzmann machines with Regularised Axons: It is widely known that Boltzmann machines are capable of representing\narbitrary probability distributions over the values of their visible neurons,\ngiven enough hidden ones. However, sampling -- and thus training -- these\nmodels can be numerically hard. Recently we proposed a regularisation of the\nconnections of Boltzmann machines, in order to control the energy landscape of\nthe model, paving a way for efficient sampling and training. Here we formally\nprove that such regularised Boltzmann machines preserve the ability to\nrepresent arbitrary distributions. This is in conjunction with controlling the\nnumber of energy local minima, thus enabling easy \\emph{guided} sampling and\ntraining. Furthermore, we explicitly show that regularised Boltzmann machines\ncan store exponentially many arbitrarily correlated visible patterns with\nperfect retrieval, and we connect them to the Dense Associative Memory\nnetworks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Purity distribution for generalized random Bures mixed states: We compute the distribution of the purity for random density matrices\n(i.e.random mixed states) in a large quantum system, distributed according to\nthe Bures measure. The full distribution of the purity is computed using a\nmapping to random matrix theory and then a Coulomb gas method. We find three\nregimes that correspond to two phase transitions in the associated Coulomb gas.\nThe first transition is characterized by an explosion of the third derivative\non the left of the transition point. The second transition is of first order,\nit is characterized by the detachement of a single charge of the Coulomb gas. A\nkey remark in this paper is that the random Bures states are closely related to\nthe O(n) model for n=1. This actually led us to study \"generalized Bures\nstates\" by keeping $n$ general instead of specializing to n=1.",
        "positive": "Exact large deviation statistics and trajectory phase transition of a\n  deterministic boundary driven cellular automaton: We study the statistical properties of the long-time dynamics of the rule 54\nreversible cellular automaton (CA), driven stochastically at its boundaries.\nThis CA can be considered as a discrete-time and deterministic version of the\nFredrickson-Andersen kinetically constrained model (KCM). By means of a matrix\nproduct ansatz, we compute the exact large deviation cumulant generating\nfunctions for a wide range of time-extensive observables of the dynamics,\ntogether with their associated rate functions and conditioned long-time\ndistributions over configurations. We show that for all instances of boundary\ndriving the CA dynamics occurs at the point of phase coexistence between\ncompeting active and inactive dynamical phases, similar to what happens in more\nstandard KCMs. We also find the exact finite size scaling behaviour of these\ntrajectory transitions, and provide the explicit \"Doob-transformed\" dynamics\nthat optimally realises rare dynamical events."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Properties of the Dimerised and Frustrated S=1/2 Chain: By high temperature series expansion, exact diagonalisation and temperature\ndensity-matrix renormalisation the magnetic susceptibility $\\chi(T)$ and the\nspecific heat $C(T)$ of dimerised and frustrated $S=1/2$ chains are computed.\nAll three methods yield reliable results, in particular for not too small\ntemperatures or not too small gaps. The series expansion results are provided\nin the form of polynomials allowing very fast and convenient fits in data\nanalysis using algebraic programmes. We discuss the difficulty to extract more\nthan two coupling constants from the temperature dependence of $\\chi(T)$.",
        "positive": "Statistics of first-passage Brownian functionals: We study the distribution of first-passage functionals ${\\cal A}=\n\\int_0^{t_f} x^n(t)\\, dt$, where $x(t)$ is a Brownian motion (with or without\ndrift) with diffusion constant $D$, starting at $x_0>0$, and $t_f$ is the\nfirst-passage time to the origin. In the driftless case, we compute exactly,\nfor all $n>-2$, the probability density\n$P_n(A|x_0)=\\text{Prob}.(\\mathcal{A}=A)$. This probability density has an\nessential singular tail as $A\\to 0$ and a power-law tail $\\sim\nA^{-(n+3)/(n+2)}$ as $A\\to \\infty$. The former is reproduced by the optimal\nfluctuation method (OFM), which also predicts the optimal paths of the\nconditioned process for small $A$. For the case with a drift toward the origin,\nwhere no exact solution is known for general $n>-1$, the OFM predicts the\ndistribution tails. For $A\\to 0$ it predicts the same essential singular tail\nas in the driftless case. For $A\\to \\infty$ it predicts a stretched exponential\ntail $-\\ln P_n(A|x_0)\\sim A^{1/(n+1)}$ for all $n>0$. In the limit of large\nP\\'eclet number $\\text{Pe}= \\mu x_0/(2D)\\gg 1$, where $\\mu$ is the drift\nvelocity, the OFM predicts a large-deviation scaling for all $A$: $-\\ln\nP_n(A|x_0)\\simeq\\text{Pe}\\, \\Phi_n\\left(z= A/\\bar{A}\\right)$, where\n$\\bar{A}=x_0^{n+1}/{\\mu(n+1)}$ is the mean value of $\\mathcal{A}$. We compute\nthe rate function $\\Phi_n(z)$ analytically for all $n>-1$. For $n>0$\n$\\Phi_n(z)$ is analytic for all $z$, but for $-1<n<0$ it is non-analytic at\n$z=1$, implying a dynamical phase transition. The order of this transition is\n$2$ for $-1/2<n<0$, while for $-1<n<-1/2$ the order of transition changes\ncontinuously with $n$. Finally, we apply the OFM to the case of $\\mu<0$ (drift\naway from the origin). We show that, when the process is conditioned on\nreaching the origin, the distribution of $\\mathcal{A}$ coincides with the\ndistribution of $\\mathcal{A}$ for $\\mu>0$ with the same $|\\mu|$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shear state of freely evolving granular gases: Hydrodynamic equations are used to identify the final state reached by a\nfreely evolving granular gas above but close to its shear instability. The\ntheory predicts the formation of a two bands shear state with a steady density\nprofile. There is a modulation between temperature and density profiles as a\nconsequence of the energy balance, the density fluctuations remaining small,\nwithout producing clustering. Moreover, the time dependence of the velocity\nfield can be scaled out with the squared root of the average temperature of the\nsystem. The latter follows the Haff law, but with an effective cooling rate\nthat is smaller than that of the free homogeneous state. The theoretical\npredictions are compared with numerical results for inelastic hard disks\nobtained by using the direct Monte Carlo simulation method, and a good\nagreement is obtained for low inelasticity.",
        "positive": "The BKT Transition and its Dynamics in a Spin Fluid: We study the effect of particle mobility on phase transitions in a spin fluid\nin two dimensions. The presence of a phase transition of the BKT universality\nclass is shown in an off-lattice model of particles with purely repulsive\ninteraction employing computer simulations. A critical spin wave region $0 < T\n< T_{\\textrm{BKT}}$ is found with a non-universal exponent $\\eta(T)$ that\nfollows the shape suggested by BKT theory, including a critical value\nconsistent with $\\eta_{\\textrm{BKT}} = 1/4$. One can observe a transition from\npower-law decay to exponential decay in the static correlation functions at the\ntransition temperature $T_{\\textrm{BKT}}$, which is supported by finite-size\nscaling analysis. A critical temperature $T_{\\textrm{BKT}} = 0.17(1)$ is\nsuggested. Investigations into the dynamic aspects of the phase transition are\ncarried out. The short-time behavior of the incoherent spin autocorrelation\nfunction agrees with the Nelson-Fisher prediction, whereas the long-time\nbehavior differs from the finite-size scaling known for the static XY model.\nAnalysis of coherent spin wave dynamics shows that the spin wave peak is a\npropagating mode that can be reasonably well fitted by hydrodynamic theory. The\nmobility of the particles strongly enhances damping of the spin waves, but the\nmodel lies still within the dynamic universality class of the standard XY\nmodel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Minimum relative entropy distributions with a large mean are Gaussian: We consider the following frustrated optimization problem: given a prior\nprobability distribution $q$, find the distribution $p$ minimizing the relative\nentropy with respect to $q$ such that $\\textrm{mean}(p)$ is fixed and large. We\nshow that solutions to this problem are asymptotically Gaussian. As an\napplication we derive an $H$-type theorem for evolutionary dynamics: the\nentropy of the (standardized) distribution of fitness of a population evolving\nunder natural selection is eventually increasing.",
        "positive": "Stochastic dynamics and the dynamic phase transition in thin\n  ferromagnetic films: The dynamic phase behavior of a classical Heisenberg spin system with a\nbilinear exchange anisotropy in a planar thin film geometry has been\ninvestigated by Monte Carlo simulations using different forms for the\nstochastic dynamics. In simulations of the dynamic phase transition (DPT) in\nfilms subject to a pulsed oscillatory external field with competing surface\nfields, both Glauber and Metropolis dynamics show a continuous DPT. Furthermore\nthe field amplitude dependence of the DPT is qualitatively similar for both\nGlauber and Metropolis dynamics. However, the temperature dependence of the DPT\nis markedly different with the DPT being much sharper for Glauber dynamics. The\ndifference arises from a decoupling of the surface and bulk responses of the\nfilm near the dynamic phase transition with Metropolis dynamics that is not\nevident for Glauber dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional Brownian motion and the critical dynamics of zipping polymers: We consider two complementary polymer strands of length $L$ attached by a\ncommon end monomer. The two strands bind through complementary monomers and at\nlow temperatures form a double stranded conformation (zipping), while at high\ntemperature they dissociate (unzipping). This is a simple model of DNA (or RNA)\nhairpin formation. Here we investigate the dynamics of the strands at the\nequilibrium critical temperature $T=T_c$ using Monte Carlo Rouse dynamics. We\nfind that the dynamics is anomalous, with a characteristic time scaling as\n$\\tau \\sim L^{2.26(2)}$, exceeding the Rouse time $\\sim L^{2.18}$. We\ninvestigate the probability distribution function, the velocity autocorrelation\nfunction, the survival probability and boundary behaviour of the underlying\nstochastic process. These quantities scale as expected from a fractional\nBrownian motion with a Hurst exponent $H=0.44(1)$. We discuss similarities and\ndifferences with unbiased polymer translocation.",
        "positive": "Interevent time distribution, burst, and hybrid percolation transition: Critical phenomena of a second-order percolation transition are known to be\nindependent of cluster merging or pruning process. However, those of a hybrid\npercolation transition (HPT), mixed properties of both first-order and\nsecond-order transitions, depend on the processes. The HPT induced by cluster\nmerging is more intrigue and little understood than the other. Here, we\nconstruct a theoretical framework using the so-called restricted percolation\nmodel. In this model, clusters are ranked by size and partitioned into small-\nand large-cluster sets. As the cluster rankings are updated by cluster\ncoalescence, clusters may move back and forth across the set boundary. The\ninter-event time (IET) between two consecutive crossing times have two\ndistributions with power-law decays, which in turn characterize the criticality\nof the HPT. A burst of such crossing events occurs and signals the upcoming\ntransition. We discuss a related phenomenon to this critical dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exploring local quantum many-body relaxation by atoms in optical\n  superlattices: We establish a setting - atoms in optical superlattices with period 2 - in\nwhich one can experimentally probe signatures of the process of local\nrelaxation and apparent thermalization in non-equilibrium dynamics without the\nneed of addressing single sites. This opens up a way to explore the convergence\nof subsystems to maximum entropy states in quenched quantum many-body systems\nwith present technology. Remarkably, the emergence of thermal states does not\nfollow from a coupling to an environment, but is a result of the complex\nnon-equilibrium dynamics in closed systems. We explore ways of measuring the\nrelevant signatures of thermalization in this analogue quantum simulation of a\nrelaxation process, exploiting the possibilities offered by optical\nsuperlattices.",
        "positive": "Heat conduction in one dimensional chains: We study numerically the thermal conductivity in several different one\ndimensional chains. We show that the phonon-lattice interaction is the main\ningredient of the Fourier heat law. Our argument provides a rather satisfactory\nexplanation to all existing numerical results concerning this problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unified View of Scaling Laws for River Networks: Scaling laws that describe the structure of river networks are shown to\nfollow from three simple assumptions. These assumptions are: (1) river networks\nare structurally self-similar, (2) single channels are self-affine, and (3)\noverland flow into channels occurs over a characteristic distance (drainage\ndensity is uniform). We obtain a complete set of scaling relations connecting\nthe exponents of these scaling laws and find that only two of these exponents\nare independent. We further demonstrate that the two predominant descriptions\nof network structure (Tokunaga's law and Horton's laws) are equivalent in the\ncase of landscapes with uniform drainage density. The results are tested with\ndata from both real landscapes and a special class of random networks.",
        "positive": "Finite-size investigation of scaling corrections in the square-lattice\n  three-state Potts antiferromagnet square-lattice three-state Potts\n  antiferromagnet: We investigate the finite-temperature corrections to scaling in the\nthree-state square-lattice Potts antiferromagnet, close to the critical point\nat T=0. Numerical diagonalization of the transfer matrix on semi-infinite\nstrips of width $L$ sites, $4 \\leq L \\leq 14$, yields finite-size estimates of\nthe corresponding scaled gaps, which are extrapolated to $L\\to\\infty$. Owing to\nthe characteristics of the quantities under study, we argue that the natural\nvariable to consider is $x \\equiv L e^{-2\\beta}For the extrapolated scaled gaps\nwe show that square-root corrections, in the variable $x$, are present, and\nprovide estimates for the numerical values of the amplitudes of the first-- and\nsecond--order correction terms, for both the first and second scaled gaps. We\nalso calculate the third scaled gap of the transfer matrix spectrum at T=0, and\nfind an extrapolated value of the decay-of-correlations exponent,\n$\\eta_3=2.00(1)$. This is at odds with earlier predictions, to the effect that\nthe third relevant operator in the problem would give $\\eta_{{\\bf P}_{\\rm\nstagg}}=3$, corresponding to the staggered polarization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Revisiting \"swings\" in the crossover features of Ising thin films near\n  Tc(D): \"Swing\" effects at the onset of crossover towards two dimensional behavior in\nthin Ising films are investigated close to Tc(D) by means of Monte Carlo\ncalculations. We find that the effect is extremely large for the specific heat\neffective critical exponent, in comparison with the \"swing\" already noted by\nCapehart and Fisher for the susceptibility. These effects change considerably\nthe system's evolution with thickness (D) from two-dimensional to\nthree-dimensional behavior, forcing the effective exponents to pass near\ncharacteristic Tri Critical Point (TCP) values.",
        "positive": "Magneto-optics of multi-well quantum structures with D2- centres: The problem of electron binding states in field of two D0 centres in\nsemiconductive quantum well (QW) in the presence of an external longitudinal\nmagnetic field (along the QW growth axis) is studied within the framework of\nzero-range potential model. It is found that the magnetic field leads to a\nconsiderable change in positions of g- and u-terms, and to a stabilization of\nthe D2- states in QW. It is shown that a form of impurity magneto-optical\nabsorption spectrum essentially depends on the light polarization direction and\non the spatial configuration of the D2- molecular ion in QW."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equilibrium and non-equilibrium properties of synthetic metamagnetic\n  films: A Monte Carlo study: Synthetic antiferromagnets with strong perpendicular anisotropy can be\nmodeled by layered Ising antiferromagnets. Accounting for the fact that in the\nexperimental systems the ferromagnetic layers, coupled antiferromagnetically\nvia spacers, are multilayers, we propose a description through Ising films\nwhere ferromagnetic stacks composed of multiple layers are coupled\nantiferromagnetically. We study the equilibrium and non-equilibrium properties\nof these systems where we vary the number of layers in each stack. Using\nnumerical simulations, we construct equilibrium temperature$-$magnetic field\nphase diagrams for a variety of cases. We find the same dominant features\n(three stable phases, where one phase boundary ends in a critical end point,\nwhereas the other phase boundary shows a tricritical point at which the\ntransition changes from first to second order) for all studied cases. Using\ntime-dependent quantities, we also study the ordering processes that take place\nafter a temperature quench. The nature of long-lived metastable states are\ndiscussed for thin films, whereas for thick films we compute the surface\nautocorrelation exponent.",
        "positive": "Critical adsorption on curved objects: A systematic fieldtheoretic description of critical adsorption on curved\nobjects such as spherical or rodlike colloidal particles immersed in a fluid\nnear criticality is presented. The temperature dependence of the corresponding\norder parameter profiles and of the excess adsorption are calculated\nexplicitly. Critical adsorption on elongated rods is substantially more\npronounced than on spherical particles. It turns out that, within the context\nof critical phenomena in confined geometries, critical adsorption on a\nmicroscopically thin `needle' represents a distinct universality class of its\nown. Under favorable conditions the results are relevant for the flocculation\nof colloidal particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time to reach the maximum for a stationary stochastic process: We consider a one-dimensional stationary time series of fixed duration $T$.\nWe investigate the time $t_{\\rm m}$ at which the process reaches the global\nmaximum within the time interval $[0,T]$. By using a path-decomposition\ntechnique, we compute the probability density function $P(t_{\\rm m}|T)$ of\n$t_{\\rm m}$ for several processes, that are either at equilibrium (such as the\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck process) or out of equilibrium (such as Brownian motion with\nstochastic resetting). We show that for equilibrium processes the distribution\nof $P(t_{\\rm m}|T)$ is always symmetric around the midpoint $t_{\\rm m}=T/2$, as\na consequence of the time-reversal symmetry. This property can be used to\ndetect nonequilibrium fluctuations in stationary time series. Moreover, for a\ndiffusive particle in a confining potential, we show that the scaled\ndistribution $P(t_{\\rm m}|T)$ becomes universal, i.e., independent of the\ndetails of the potential, at late times. This distribution $P(t_{\\rm m}|T)$\nbecomes uniform in the \"bulk\" $1\\ll t_{\\rm m}\\ll T$ and has a nontrivial\nuniversal shape in the \"edge regimes\" $t_{\\rm m}\\to0$ and $t_{\\rm m} \\to T$.\nSome of these results have been announced in a recent Letter [Europhys. Lett.\n{\\bf 135}, 30003 (2021)].",
        "positive": "Non-Riemannian acoustic spacetime of vortex hydrodynamics in\n  Bose-Einstein condensates: Applications of non-Riemannian acoustic geometries in Bose-Einstein\ncondensates (BEC) are considered. The first is the Minkowski-Cartan\nirrotational vortex acoustic geometry of nonlinear Schr\\\"{o}dinger equations of\nBEC (Gross-Pitaeviskii (GP) equation). In this model, which is an alternative\nto the Riemannian acoustic geometry of phonons in BEC, the Cartan acoustic\ntorsion is physically interpreted as the bending of the BEC wave function\namplitude. Actually this shows that acoustic torsion is given by the density\nperturbation of BEC flow as happens in relativistic cosmological fluid\nspacetimes. The Ricci-Cartan curvature scalar is computed and a torsion\nsingularity is found at the origin of a quantized vortex in BEC. In the second\nexample, a transverse Magnus force is shown to be expressed in terms of\nacoustic torsion on a teleparallel vortex acoustics geometry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Stress Tensor in Quenched Random Systems: The talk describes recent progress in understanding the behaviour of the\nstress tensor and its correlation functions at a critical point of a generic\nquenched random system. The topics covered include:(i) the stress tensor in\nrandom systems considered as deformed pure systems; (ii) correlators of the\nstress tensor at a random fixed point: expectations from the replica approach\nand c-theorem sum rules; (iii) partition function on a torus; (iv) how the\nstress tensor enters into correlation functions: subtleties with Kac operators.",
        "positive": "Thermal noise of a cryo-cooled silicon cantilever locally heated up to\n  its melting point: The Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem (FDT) is a powerful tool to estimate the\nthermal noise of physical systems in equilibrium. In general however, thermal\nequilibrium is an approximation, or cannot be assumed at all. A more general\nformulation of the FDT is then needed to describe the behavior of the\nfluctuations. In our experiment we study a micro-cantilever brought\nout-ofequilibrium by a strong heat flux generated by the absorption of the\nlight of a laser. While the base is kept at cryogenic temperatures, the tip is\nheated up to the melting point, thus creating the highest temperature\ndifference the system can sustain. We independently estimate the temperature\nprofile of the cantilever and its mechanical fluctuations, as well as its\ndissipation. We then demonstrate how the thermal fluctuations of all the\nobserved degrees of freedom, though increasing with the heat flux, are much\nlower than what is expected from the average temperature of the system. We\ninterpret these results thanks to a minimal extension of the FDT: this dearth\nof thermal noise arises from a dissipation shared between clamping losses and\ndistributed damping."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Network navigation using Page Rank random walks: We introduce a formalism based on a continuous time approximation, to study\nthe characteristics of Page Rank random walks. We find that the diffusion of\nthe occupancy probability has a dynamics that exponentially \"forgets\" the\ninitial conditions and settles to a steady state that depends only on the\ncharacteristics of the network. In the special case in which the walk begins\nfrom a single node, we find that the largest eigenvalue of the transition value\n(lambda=1) does not contribute to the dynamic and that the probability is\nconstant in the direction of the corresponding eigenvector. We study the\nprocess of visiting new node, which we find to have a dynamic similar to that\nof the occupancy probability. Finally, we determine the average transit time\nbetween nodes <T>, which we find to exhibit certain connection with the\ncorresponding time for Levy walks. The relevance of these results reside in\nthat Page Rank, which are a more reasonable model for the searching behavior of\nindividuals, can be shown to exhibit features similar to Levy walks, which in\nturn have been shown to be a reasonable model of a common large scale search\nstrategy known as \"Area Restricted Search\".",
        "positive": "Identifying the closeness of eigenstates in quantum many-body systems: We propose a new quantity called modulus fidelity to measure the closeness of\ntwo quantum pure states. Especially, we use it to investigate the closeness of\neigenstates of quantum many-body systems. When the system is integrable, the\nmodulus fidelity of neighbor eigenstates displays a large fluctuation. But the\nmodulus fidelity is close to a constant when system becomes non-integrable with\nfluctuation reduced drastically. Average modulus fidelity of neighbor\neigenstates increases with the increase of parameters that destroy the\nintegrability, which also indicates the integrable-chaos transition. In\nnon-integrable case, it is found two eigenstates are closer to each other if\ntheir level spacing is small. We also show that the closeness of eigenstates in\nnon-integrable domain is the underlying mechanism of \\emph{eigenstate\nthermalization hypothesis} (ETH) which explains the thermalization in\nnonintegrable system we studied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transition Matrix Monte Carlo Method: We analyze a new Monte Carlo method which uses transition matrix in the space\nof energy. This method gives an efficient reweighting technique. The associated\nartificial dynamics is a constrained random walk in energy, producing the\nresult that correlation time is proportional to the specific heat.",
        "positive": "Non-conformal asymptotic behavior of the time-dependent field-field\n  correlators of 1D anyons: The exact large time and distance behavior of the field-field correlators has\nbeen computed for one-dimensional impenetrable anyons at finite temperatures.\nThe result reproduces known asymptotics for impenetrable bosons and free\nfermions in the appropriate limits of the statistics parameter. The obtained\nasymptotic behavior of the correlators is dominated by the singularity in the\nspectral density of the quasiparticle states at the bottom of the band, and\ndiffers from the predictions of the conformal field theory. One can argue,\nhowever, that the anyonic response to the low-energy probes is still determined\nby the conformal terms in the asymptotic expansion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometric Structures Induced by Deformations of the Legendre Transform: The recent link discovered between generalized Legendre transforms and\nnon-dually flat statistical manifolds suggests a fundamental reason behind the\nubiquity of R\\'{e}nyi's divergence and entropy in a wide range of physical\nphenomena. However, these early findings still provide little intuition on the\nnature of this relationship and its implications for physical systems. Here we\nshed new light on the Legendre transform by revealing the consequences of its\ndeformation via symplectic geometry and complexification. These findings reveal\na novel common framework that leads to a principled and unified understanding\nof physical systems that are not well-described by classic\ninformation-theoretic quantities.",
        "positive": "Kinetic theory of cluster impingement in the framework of statistical\n  mechanics of rigid disks: The paper centres on the evaluation of the function n(theta)=N(theta)/N0,\nthat is the normalized number of islands as a function of coverage 0<theta<1,\ngiven N0 initial nucleation centres (dots) having any degree of spatial\ncorrelation. A mean field approach has been employed: the islands have the same\nsize at any coverage. In particular, as far as the random distribution of dots\nis concerned, the problem has been solved by considering the contribution of\nbinary collisions between islands only. With regard to correlated dots, we\ngeneralize a method previously applied to the random case only. In passing, we\nhave made use of the exclusion probability reported in [S. Torquato, B. Lu, J.\nRubinstein, Phys.Rev.A 41, 2059 (1990)], for determining the kinetics of\nsurface coverage in the case of correlated dots, improving our previous\ncalculation [M. Tomellini, M. Fanfoni, M. Volpe Phys. Rev.B 62, 11300, (2000)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization group analysis of a self-organized critical system:\n  Intrinsic anisotropy vs random environment: We study a self-organized critical system coupled to an isotropic random\nfluid environment. The former is described by a strongly anisotropic continuous\n(coarse-grained) model introduced by Hwa and Kardar [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 62}\n1813 (1989); Phys. Rev. A {\\bf 45} 7002 (1992)]; the latter is described by the\nstirred Navier--Stokes equation due to Forster, Nelson and Stephen [Phys. Rev.\nA {\\bf 16} 732 (1977)]. The full problem of two coupled stochastic equations is\nrepresented as a field theoretic model, which is shown to be multiplicatively\nrenormalizable. The corresponding renormalization group equations possess a\nsemi-infinite curve of fixed points in the four-dimensional space of the model\nparameters. The whole curve is infrared attractive for realistic values of\nparameters; its endpoint corresponds to the purely isotropic regime where the\noriginal Hwa-Kardar nonlinearity becomes irrelevant. There, one is left with a\nsimple advection of a passive scalar field by the external environment. The\nmain critical dimensions are calculated to the leading one-loop order (first\nterms in the $\\varepsilon=4-d$ expansion); some of them are appear to be exact\nin all orders. They remain the same along that curve, which makes it reasonable\nto interpret it as a single universality class. However, the correction\nexponents do vary along the curve. It is therefore not clear whether the curve\nsurvives in all orders of the renormalization group expansion or shrinks to a\nsingle point when the higher-order corrections are taken into account.",
        "positive": "Pushing the limits of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis towards\n  mesoscopic quantum systems: In the ongoing discussion on thermalization in closed quantum many-body\nsystems, the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) has recently been\nproposed as a universal concept which attracted considerable attention. So far\nthis concept is, as the name states, hypothetical. The majority of attempts to\novercome this hypothetical character is based on exact diagonalization which\nimplies for, e.g., spin systems a limitation to roughly 15 spins. In this\nLetter we present an approach which pushes this limit up to system sizes of\nroughly 35 spins, thereby going significantly beyond what is possible with\nexact diagonalization. A concrete application to a Heisenberg spin-ladder which\nyields conclusive results is demonstrated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Revisiting the Glansdorff-Prigogine criterion for stability within\n  irreversible thermodynamics: Glansdorff and Prigogine (1970) proposed a decomposition of the entropy\nproduction rate, which today is mostly known for Markov processes as the\nHatano-Sasa approach. Their context was irreversible thermodynamics which,\nwhile ignoring fluctuations, still allows a somewhat broader treatment than the\none based on the Master or Fokker-Planck equation. Glansdorff and Prigogine\nwere the first to introduce a notion of excess entropy production rate\n$\\delta^2$EP and they suggested as sufficient stability criterion for a\nnonequilibrium macroscopic condition that $\\delta^2$EP be positive. We find for\nnonlinear diffusions that their excess entropy production rate is itself the\ntime-derivative of a local free energy which is the close-to-equilibrium\nfunctional governing macroscopic fluctuations. The positivity of the excess\n$\\delta^2$EP, for which we state a simple sufficient condition, is therefore\nequivalent with the monotonicity in time of that functional in the relaxation\nto steady nonequilibrium. There also appears a relation with recent extensions\nof the Clausius heat theorem close-to-equilibrium. The positivity of\n$\\delta^2$EP immediately implies a Clausius (in)equality for the excess heat. A\nfinal and related question concerns the operational meaning of fluctuation\nfunctionals, nonequilibrium free energies, and how they make their entr\\'ee in\nirreversible thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Circuits in random graphs: from local trees to global loops: We compute the number of circuits and of loops with multiple crossings in\nrandom regular graphs. We discuss the importance of this issue for the validity\nof the cavity approach. On the one side we obtain analytic results for the\ninfinite volume limit in agreement with existing exact results. On the other\nside we implement a counting algorithm, enumerate circuits at finite N and draw\nsome general conclusions about the finite N behavior of the circuits."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ideal Bose gas in fractal dimensions and superfluid $^4$He in porous\n  media: Physical properties of ideal Bose gas with the fractal dimensionality between\nD=2 and D=3 are theoretically investigated. Calculation shows that the\ncharacteristic features of the specific heat and the superfluid density of\nideal Bose gas in fractal dimensions are strikingly similar to those of\nsuperfluid Helium-4 in porous media. This result indicates that the geometrical\nfactor is dominant over mutual interactions in determining physical properties\nof Helium-4 in porous media.",
        "positive": "Anisotropy-temperature phase diagram for the two-dimensional dipolar\n  Heisenberg model with and without magnetic field: We investigate phase transitions in the two-dimensional dipolar Heisenberg\nmodel with uniaxial anisotropy with a specific ratio between the exchange and\ndipolar constants, $\\delta=1$. We obtain the $\\eta$--$T$ (anisotropy vs.\ntemperature) phase diagrams for typical values of magnetic field by a Monte\nCarlo method with an $O(N)$ algorithm. We find that at lower fields, the\n$\\eta$--$T$ phase diagram consists of the planar ferromagnetic (F),\n(perpendicular) stripe-ordered (SO), and paramagnetic (P) phases, and is\ncharacterized by the triple point. In the SO phase realized at larger $\\eta$\nand smaller $T$, the SO pattern changes depending on the field. On the other\nhand, we find that at higher fields, the SO phase does not exist, while the\nplaner F phase robustly remains. We study the properties of the phase\nboundaries by employing finite-size-scaling analyses. We find that the slope of\nthe spin-reorientation-transition line is positive with and without field,\ni.e., $\\frac{d\\eta}{dT}>0$, which implies that the planar F phase changes to\nthe SO phase with lowering temperature. In the phase diagrams we observe a\ncharacteristic shape of the P--planer F phase-transition line, whose maximum\npoint of $\\eta$ is located at an intermediate temperature. This structure leads\nto the temperature-induced reentrant transition associated with P and planar F\nphases, which appears in successive phase transitions with lowering\ntemperature: P $\\rightarrow$ planar F $\\rightarrow$ P $\\rightarrow$ SO phase at\nlower fields and P $\\rightarrow$ planar F $\\rightarrow$ P phases at higher\nfields."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Game Theory and Topological Phase Transition: Phase transition is a war game. It widely exists in different kinds of\ncomplex system beyond physics. Where there is revolution, there is phase\ntransition. The renormalization group transformation, which was proved to be a\npowerful tool to study the critical phenomena, is actually a game process. The\nphase boundary between the old phase and new phase is the outcome of many\nrounds of negotiation between the old force and new force. The order of phase\ntransition is determined by the cutoff of renormalization group transformation.\nThis definition unified Ehrenfest's definition of phase transition in\nthermodynamic physics. If the strategy manifold has nontrivial topology, the\ntopological relation would put a constrain on the surviving strategies, the\ntransition occurred under this constrain may be called a topological one. If\nthe strategy manifold is open and noncompact, phase transition is simply a game\nprocess, there is no table for topology. An universal phase coexistence\nequation is found, it sits at the Nash equilibrium point. Inspired by the\nfractal space structure demonstrated by renormalization group theory, a\nconjecture is proposed that the universal scaling law of a general phase\ntransition in a complex system comes from the coexistence equation around Nash\nequilibrium point. Game theory also provide us new understanding to pairing\nmechanism and entanglement in many body physics.",
        "positive": "Solving quantum master equations in phase space by continued-fraction\n  methods: Inspired on the continued-fraction technique to solve the classical\nFokker--Planck equation, we develop continued-fraction methods to solve quantum\nmaster equations in phase space (Wigner representation of the density matrix).\nThe approach allows to study several classes of nonlinear quantum systems\nsubjected to environmental effects (fluctuations and dissipation), with the\nonly limitations that the starting master equations may have. We illustrate the\nmethod with the canonical problem of quantum Brownian motion in periodic\npotentials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium critical behavior of a species coexistence model: A biologically motivated model for spatio-temporal coexistence of two\ncompeting species is studied by mean-field theory and numerical simulations. In\nd>1 dimensions the phase diagram displays an extended region where both species\ncoexist, bounded by two second-order phase transition lines belonging to the\ndirected percolation universality class. The two transition lines meet in a\nmulticritical point, where a non-trivial critical behavior is observed.",
        "positive": "On the universality of knot probability ratios: Let $p_n$ denote the number of self-avoiding polygons of length $n$ on a\nregular three-dimensional lattice, and let $p_n(K)$ be the number which have\nknot type $K$. The probability that a random polygon of length $n$ has knot\ntype $K$ is $p_n(K)/p_n$ and is known to decay exponentially with length.\nLittle is known rigorously about the asymptotics of $p_n(K)$, but there is\nsubstantial numerical evidence that $p_n(K)$ grows as $p_n(K) \\simeq \\, C_K \\,\n\\mu_\\emptyset^n \\, n^{\\alpha-3+N_K}$, as $n \\to \\infty$, where $N_K$ is the\nnumber of prime components of the knot type $K$. It is believed that the\nentropic exponent, $\\alpha$, is universal, while the exponential growth rate,\n$\\mu_\\emptyset$, is independent of the knot type but varies with the lattice.\nThe amplitude, $C_K$, depends on both the lattice and the knot type.\n  The above asymptotic form implies that the relative probability of a random\npolygon of length $n$ having prime knot type $K$ over prime knot type $L$ is\n$\\frac{p_n(K)/p_n}{p_n(L)/p_n} = \\frac{p_n(K)}{p_n(L)} \\simeq [ \\frac{C_K}{C_L}\n]$. In the thermodynamic limit this probability ratio becomes an amplitude\nratio; it should be universal and depend only on the knot types $K$ and $L$. In\nthis letter we examine the universality of these probability ratios for\npolygons in the simple cubic, face-centered cubic, and body-centered cubic\nlattices. Our results support the hypothesis that these are universal\nquantities. For example, we estimate that a long random polygon is\napproximately 28 times more likely to be a trefoil than be a figure-eight,\nindependent of the underlying lattice, giving an estimate of the intrinsic\nentropy associated with knot types in closed curves."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Upside/Downside statistical mechanics of nonequilibrium Brownian motion.\n  I. Distributions, moments, and correlation functions of a free particle: Statistical properties of Brownian motion that arise by analyzing,\nseparately, trajectories over which the system energy increases (upside) or\ndecreases (downside) with respect to a threshold energy level, are derived.\nThis selective analysis is applied to examine transport properties of a\nnonequilibrium Brownian process that is coupled to multiple thermal sources\ncharacterized by different temperatures. Distributions, moments, and\ncorrelation functions of a free particle that occur during upside and downside\nevents are investigated for energy activation and energy relaxation processes,\nand also for positive and negative energy fluctuations from the average energy.\nThe presented results are sufficiently general and can be applied without\nmodification to standard Brownian motion. This article focuses on the\nmathematical basis of this selective analysis. In subsequent articles in this\nseries we apply this general formalism to processes in which heat transfer\nbetween thermal reservoirs is mediated by activated rate processes that take\nplace in a system bridging them.",
        "positive": "Implementing Quantum Gates using the Ferromagnetic Spin-J XXZ Chain with\n  Kink Boundary Conditions: We demonstrate an implementation scheme for constructing quantum gates using\nunitary evolutions of the one-dimensional spin-J ferromagnetic XXZ chain. We\npresent numerical results based on simulations of the chain using the\ntime-dependent DMRG method and techniques from optimal control theory. Using\nonly a few control parameters, we find that it is possible to implement one-\nand two-qubit gates on a system of spin-3/2 XXZ chains, such as Not, Hadamard,\nPi-8, Phase, and C-Not, with fidelity levels exceeding 99%."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact first-passage time distributions for three random diffusivity\n  models: We study the extremal properties of a stochastic process $x_t$ defined by a\nLangevin equation $\\dot{x}_t=\\sqrt{2 D_0 V(B_t)}\\,\\xi_t$, where $\\xi_t$ is a\nGaussian white noise with zero mean, $D_0$ is a constant scale factor, and\n$V(B_t)$ is a stochastic \"diffusivity\" (noise strength), which itself is a\nfunctional of independent Brownian motion $B_t$. We derive exact, compact\nexpressions for the probability density functions (PDFs) of the first passage\ntime (FPT) $t$ from a fixed location $x_0$ to the origin for three different\nrealisations of the stochastic diffusivity: a cut-off case $V(B_t)\n=\\Theta(B_t)$ (Model I), where $\\Theta(x)$ is the Heaviside theta function; a\nGeometric Brownian Motion $V(B_t)=\\exp(B_t)$ (Model II); and a case with\n$V(B_t)=B_t^2$ (Model III). We realise that, rather surprisingly, the FPT PDF\nhas exactly the L\\'evy-Smirnov form (specific for standard Brownian motion) for\nModel II, which concurrently exhibits a strongly anomalous diffusion. For\nModels I and III either the left or right tails (or both) have a different\nfunctional dependence on time as compared to the L\\'evy-Smirnov density. In all\ncases, the PDFs are broad such that already the first moment does not exist.\nSimilar results are obtained in three dimensions for the FPT PDF to an\nabsorbing spherical target.",
        "positive": "Dissipation, quantum coherence, and asymmetry of finite-time\n  cross-correlations: Recent studies have revealed a deep connection between the asymmetry of\ncross-correlations and thermodynamic quantities in the short-time limit. In\nthis study, we address the finite-time domain of the asymmetry for both open\nclassical and quantum systems. Focusing on Markovian dynamics, we show that the\nasymmetry observed in finite-time cross-correlations is upper bounded by\ndissipation. We prove that, for classical systems in a steady state with\narbitrary operational durations, the asymmetry exhibits, at most, linear growth\nover time, with the growth speed determined by the rates of entropy production\nand dynamical activity. In the long-time regime, the asymmetry exhibits\nexponential decay, with the decay rate determined by the spectral gap of the\ntransition matrix. Remarkably, for quantum cases, quantum coherence is equally\nimportant as dissipation in constraining the asymmetry of correlations. We\ndemonstrate an example where only quantum coherence bounds the asymmetry while\nthe entropy production rate vanishes. Furthermore, we generalize the short-time\nbounds on correlation asymmetry, as reported by Shiraishi [Phys. Rev. E 108,\nL042103 (2023)] and Ohga et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 077101 (2023)], to\nencompass finite-time scenarios. These findings offer novel insights into the\nthermodynamic aspects of correlation asymmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Host--parasite models on graphs: The behavior of two interacting populations, ``hosts''and ``parasites'', is\ninvestigated on Cayley trees and scale-free networks. In the former case\nanalytical and numerical arguments elucidate a phase diagram, whose most\ninteresting feature is the absence of a tri-critical point as a function of the\ntwo independent spreading parameters. For scale-free graphs, the parasite\npopulation can be described effectively by\nSusceptible-Infected-Susceptible-type dynamics in a host background. This is\nshown both by considering the appropriate dynamical equations and by numerical\nsimulations on Barab\\'asi-Albert networks with the major implication that in\nthe termodynamic limit the critical parasite spreading parameter vanishes.",
        "positive": "Universal properties of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation with quenched\n  columnar disorders: Inspired by the recent results on totally asymmetric simple exclusion\nprocesses on a periodic lattice with short-ranged quenched hopping rates [A.\nHaldar, A. Basu, Phys Rev Research 2, 043073 (2020)], we study the universal\nscaling properties of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation with short-ranged\nquenched columnar disorder in general d-dimensions. We show that there are\ngeneric propagating modes in the system that have their origin in the quenched\ndisorder and make the system anisotropic. We argue that the presence of the\npropagating modes actually make the effects of the quenched disorder\nirrelevant, making the universal long wavelength scaling property belong to the\nwell-known KPZ universality class. On the other hand, when these waves vanish\nin a special limit of the model, new universality class emerges with dimension\nd = 4 as the lower critical dimension, above which the system is speculated to\nadmit a disorder-induced roughening transition to a perturbatively inaccessible\nrough phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lower Bounds on the Ground State Entropy of the Potts Antiferromagnet on\n  Slabs of the Simple Cubic Lattice: We calculate rigorous lower bounds for the ground state degeneracy per site,\n$W$, of the $q$-state Potts antiferromagnet on slabs of the simple cubic\nlattice that are infinite in two directions and finite in the third and that\nthus interpolate between the square (sq) and simple cubic (sc) lattices. We\ngive a comparison with large-$q$ series expansions for the sq and sc lattices\nand also present numerical comparisons.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium critical dynamics of ferromagnetic spin systems: We use simple models (the Ising model in one and two dimensions, and the\nspherical model in arbitrary dimension) to put to the test some recent ideas on\nthe slow dynamics of nonequilibrium systems. In this review the focus is on the\ntemporal evolution of two-time quantities and on the violation of the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem, with special emphasis given to nonequilibrium\ncritical dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "No-pumping theorem for non-Arrhenius rates: The no-pumping theorem refers to a Markov system that holds the detailed\nbalance, but is subject to a time-periodic external field. It states that the\ntime-averaged probability currents nullify in the steady periodic (Floquet)\nstate, provided that the Markov system holds the Arrhenius transition rates.\nThis makes an analogy between features of steady periodic and equilibrium\nstates, because in the latter situation all probability currents vanish\nexplicitly. However, the assumption on the Arrhenius rates is fairly specific,\nand it need not be met in applications. Here a new mechanism is identified for\nthe no-pumping theorem, which holds for symmetric time-periodic external fields\nand the so called destination rates. These rates are the ones that lead to the\nlocally equilibrium form of the master equation, where dissipative effects are\nproportional to the difference between the actual probability and the\nequilibrium (Gibbsian) one. The mechanism also leads to an approximate\nno-pumping theorem for the Fokker-Planck rates that relate to the\ndiscrete-space Fokker-Planck equation.",
        "positive": "Height distribution tails in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation with\n  Brownian initial conditions: For stationary interface growth, governed by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ)\nequation in 1 + 1 dimensions, typical fluctuations of the interface height at\nlong times are described by the Baik-Rains distribution. Recently Chhita et al.\n[1] used the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) to study the\nheight fluctuations in systems of the KPZ universality class for Brownian\ninterfaces with arbitrary diffusion constant. They showed that there is a\none-parameter family of long-time distributions, parametrized by the diffusion\nconstant of the initial random height profile. They also computed these\ndistributions numerically by using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Here we\naddress this problem analytically and focus on the distribution tails at short\ntimes. We determine the (stretched exponential) tails of the height\ndistribution by applying the Optimal Fluctuation Method (OFM) to the KPZ\nequation. We argue that, by analogy with other initial conditions, the \"slow\"\ntail holds at arbitrary times and therefore provides a proper asymptotic to the\nfamily of long-time distributions studied in Ref. [1]. We verify this\nhypothesis by performing large-scale MC simulations of a TASEP with a\nparallel-update rule. The \"fast\" tail, predicted by the OFM, is also expected\nto hold at arbitrary times, at sufficiently large heights."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multilayer neural networks with extensively many hidden units: The information processing abilities of a multilayer neural network with a\nnumber of hidden units scaling as the input dimension are studied using\nstatistical mechanics methods. The mapping from the input layer to the hidden\nunits is performed by general symmetric Boolean functions whereas the hidden\nlayer is connected to the output by either discrete or continuous couplings.\nIntroducing an overlap in the space of Boolean functions as order parameter the\nstorage capacity if found to scale with the logarithm of the number of\nimplementable Boolean functions. The generalization behaviour is smooth for\ncontinuous couplings and shows a discontinuous transition to perfect\ngeneralization for discrete ones.",
        "positive": "Nucleation Theory for Capillary Condensation: This paper is devoted to the thermally activated dynamics of the capillary\ncondensation. We present a simple model which enables us to identify the\ncritical nucleus involved in the transition mechanism. This simple model is\nthen applied to calculate the nucleation barrier from which we can obtain\ninformations on the nucleation time. These results are compared to the\nnumerical simulation of a Landau-Ginzburg model for the liquid-vapor interface\ncombined with a Langevin dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low-temperature universal dynamics of the bidimensional Potts model in\n  the large q limit: We study the low temperature quench dynamics of the two-dimensional Potts\nmodel in the limit of large number of states, q >> 1. We identify a\nq-independent crossover temperature (the pseudo spinodal) below which no\nhigh-temperature metastability stops the curvature driven coarsening process.\nAt short length scales, the latter is decorated by freezing for some lattice\ngeometries, notably the square one. With simple analytic arguments we evaluate\nthe relevant time-scale in the coarsening regime, which turns out to be of\nArrhenius form and independent of q for large q. Once taken into account\ndynamic scaling is universal.",
        "positive": "Irreversible mesoscale fluctuations herald the emergence of dynamical\n  phases: We study fluctuating field models with spontaneously emerging dynamical\nphases. We consider two typical transition scenarios associated with\nparity-time symmetry breaking: oscillatory instabilities and critical\nexceptional points. An analytical investigation of the low-noise regime reveals\na drastic increase of the mesoscopic entropy production toward the transitions.\nFor an illustrative model of two nonreciprocally coupled Cahn-Hilliard fields,\nwe find physical interpretations in terms of actively propelled interfaces and\na coupling of modes near the critical exceptional point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Single-file diffusion with non-thermal initial conditions: Single-file diffusion is a theoretically challenging many-body problem where\nthe calculation of even the simplest observables, e.g. mean square\ndisplacement, for a tracer particle requires a heavy mathematical machinery.\nThere is therefore a need for simple approaches which predict qualitatively\ncorrect behaviours. Here we put forward one such method which we use to\ninvestigate the influence of non-thermal initial conditions on the dynamics of\na tracer particle. With our new approach we reproduce, up to scaling, several\nknown asymptotic results for the tracer particle mean square displacement.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic perturbation theory for non-interacting quantum particles\n  with application to spin-spin interactions in solids: The determination of the Landau free energy (the grand thermodynamic\npotential) by a perturbation theory is advanced to arbitrary order for the\nspecific case of non-interacting fermionic systems perturbed by a one-particle\npotential. Peculiar features of the formalism are highlighted, and its\napplicability for bosons is indicated. The results are employed to develop a\nmore explicit approach describing exchange interactions between spins of\nAnderson's magnetic impurities in metals, semiconductors, and insulators.\nWithin the fourth order our theory provides on the equal footing formulae for\nthe Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida, Bloembergen-Rowland, superexchange, and\ntwo-electron exchange integrals at non-zero temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comparison of Static Length-Scales Characterizing the Glass Transition: The dramatic dynamic slowing down associated with the glass transition is\nconsidered by many to be related to the existence of a static length scale that\ngrows when temperature decreases. Defining, identifying and measuring such a\nlength is a subtle and non-trivial problem. Recently, two proposals, based on\nvery different insights regarding the relevant physics, were put forward. One\napproach is based on the point-to-set correlation technique and the other on\nthe scale where the lowest eigenvalue of the Hessian matrix becomes sensitive\nto disorder. In this Letter we present numerical evidence that the two\napproaches might result in the same identical length scale. This provides\nfurther mutual support to their relevance and, at the same time, raise\ninteresting theoretical questions, discussed in the conclusion, concerning the\nfundamental reason for their relationship.",
        "positive": "Flux fractionalization transition in anisotropic $S=1$ antiferromagnets\n  and dimer-loop models: We demonstrate that the low temperature ($T$) properties of a class of\nanisotropic spin $S=1$ kagome (planar pyrochlore) antiferromagnets on a\nfield-induced $\\frac{1}{3}$-magnetization ($\\frac{1}{2}$-magnetization) plateau\nare described by a model of fully-packed dimers and loops on the honeycomb\n(square) lattice, with a temperature-dependent relative fugacity $w(T)$ for the\ndimers. The fully-packed O(1) loop model ($w=0$) and the fully-packed dimer\nmodel ($w=\\infty$) limits of this dimer-loop model are found to be separated by\na phase transition at a finite and nonzero critical fugacity $w_c$, with\ninteresting consequences for the spin correlations of the frustrated magnet.\nThe $w>w_c$ phase has short loops and spin correlations dominated by power-law\ncolumnar order (with subdominant dipolar correlations), while the $w<w_c$ phase\nhas dominant dipolar spin correlations and long loops governed by a power-law\ndistribution of loop sizes. Away from $w_c$, both phases are described by a\nlong-wavelength Gaussian effective action for a scalar height field that\nrepresents the coarse-grained electrostatic potential of fluctuating dipoles.\nThe destruction of power-law columnar spin order below $w_c$ is driven by an\nunusual {\\em flux fractionalization} mechanism, topological in character but\nquite distinct from the usual Kosterlitz-Thouless mechanism for such\ntransitions: Fractional electric fluxes which are bound into integer values for\n$w>w_c$, proliferate in the $w<w_c$ phase and destroy power-law columnar order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal Contact I : Symmetries ruled by Exchange Entropy Variations: Thermal contact is the archetype of non-equilibrium processes driven by\nconstant non-equilibrium constraints enforced by reservoirs exchanging\nconserved microscopic quantities. In models with a finite number of possible\nconfigurations, if the microscopic dynamics is assumed to be deterministic and\nergodic and to conserve energy according to some specific pattern, and if the\nmesoscopic evolution of the global system is approximated by a Markov process\nas closely as possible, then the mesoscopic transition rates obey three\nconstraints. In the limit where macroscopic bodies can be considered as\nreservoirs at thermodynamic equilibrium (but with different intensive\nparameters) the third constraint becomes modified detailed balance (MDB) ; the\nlatter is generically expressed in terms of the microscopic exchange entropy\nvariation. We investigate the generic statistical properties for measurable\nquantities that arise from the MDB constraint. For a finite-time evolution\nafter the system prepared in an equilibrium state has been set in contact with\nthermostats at different temperatures, we derive a detailed fluctuation\nrelation for the excess exchange entropy variation. In the non-equilibrium\nstationary state (long-time limit), the proper mathematical definition of a\nlarge deviation function is introduced together with alternative definitions,\nand fluctuation relations are rederived. The generalization to systems\nexchanging energy, volume and matter with several reservoirs, with a possible\nconservative external force acting on the contact system, is given explicitly.\nThe infinite time limit of any odd cumulant per unit time of exchanged\nquantities is expressed in terms of a series involving higher even cumulants\nand powers of the thermodynamic forces associated to independent mean currents.",
        "positive": "Localization in fractonic random circuits: We study the spreading of initially-local operators under unitary time\nevolution in a 1d random quantum circuit model which is constrained to conserve\na $U(1)$ charge and its dipole moment, motivated by the quantum dynamics of\nfracton phases. We discover that charge remains localized at its initial\nposition, providing a crisp example of a non-ergodic dynamical phase of random\ncircuit dynamics. This localization can be understood as a consequence of the\nreturn properties of low dimensional random walks, through a mechanism\nreminiscent of weak localization, but insensitive to dephasing. The charge\ndynamics is well-described by a system of coupled hydrodynamic equations, which\nmakes several nontrivial predictions in good agreement with numerics.\nImportantly, these equations also predict localization in 2d fractonic\ncircuits. Immobile fractonic charge emits non-conserved operators, whose\nspreading is governed by exponents distinct to non-fractonic circuits.\nFractonic operators exhibit a short time linear growth of observable\nentanglement with saturation to an area law, as well as a subthermal volume law\nfor operator entanglement. The entanglement spectrum follows semi-Poisson\nstatistics, similar to eigenstates of MBL systems. The non-ergodic\nphenomenology persists to initial conditions containing non-zero density of\ndipolar or fractonic charge. Our work implies that low-dimensional fracton\nsystems preserve forever a memory of their initial conditions in local\nobservables under noisy quantum dynamics, thereby constituting ideal memories.\nIt also implies that 1d and 2d fracton systems should realize true MBL under\nHamiltonian dynamics, even in the absence of disorder, with the obstructions to\nMBL in translation invariant systems and in d>1 being evaded by the nature of\nthe mechanism responsible for localization. We also suggest a possible route to\nnew non-ergodic phases in high dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anatomy of a Spin: The Information-Theoretic Structure of Classical Spin\n  Systems: Collective organization in matter plays a significant role in its expressed\nphysical properties. Typically, it is detected via an order parameter,\nappropriately defined for each given system's observed emergent patterns.\nRecent developments in information theory, however, suggest quantifying\ncollective organization in a system- and phenomenon-agnostic way: decompose the\nsystem's thermodynamic entropy density into a localized entropy, that solely\ncontained in the dynamics at a single location, and a bound entropy, that\nstored in space as domains, clusters, excitations, or other emergent\nstructures. We compute this decomposition and related quantities explicitly for\nthe nearest-neighbor Ising model on the 1D chain, the Bethe lattice with\ncoordination number k=3, and the 2D square lattice, illustrating its generality\nand the functional insights it gives near and away from phase transitions. In\nparticular, we consider the roles that different spin motifs play (in cluster\nbulk, cluster edges, and the like) and how these affect the dependencies\nbetween spins.",
        "positive": "Superdiffusive Conduction: AC Conductivity with Correlated Noise: We present evidence of the existence of a superdiffusive regime in systems\nwith correlated disorder for which localization is suppressed. An expression\nfor anomalous electrical conductivity at low frequencies is found by using a\ngeneralized Langevin equation whose memory function accounts for the\ninteractions between the carriers. New mechanisms inducing a superdiffusive\nconductivity are discussed and experimental possibilities for observing that\nphenomenon in nanotubes and superlattices are presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simulated quantum annealing of double-well and multi-well potentials: We analyze the performance of quantum annealing as a heuristic optimization\nmethod to find the absolute minimum of various continuous models, including\nlandscapes with only two wells and also models with many competing minima and\nwith disorder. The simulations performed using a projective quantum Monte Carlo\n(QMC) algorithm are compared with those based on the finite-temperature\npath-integral QMC technique and with classical annealing. We show that the\nprojective QMC algorithm is more efficient than the finite-temperature QMC\ntechnique, and that both are inferior to classical annealing if this is\nperformed with appropriate long-range moves. However, as the difficulty of the\noptimization problem increases, classical annealing looses efficiency, while\nthe projective QMC algorithm keeps stable performance and is finally the most\neffective optimization tool. We discuss the implications of our results for the\noutstanding problem of testing the efficiency of adiabatic quantum computers\nusing stochastic simulations performed on classical computers.",
        "positive": "Measurement-induced phase transition: A case study in the non-integrable\n  model by density-matrix renormalization group calculations: We study the effect of local projective measurements on the quantum quench\ndynamics. As a concrete example, a one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model is\nsimulated by the matrix product state and time-evolving block decimation. We\nmap out a global phase diagram in terms of the measurement rate in spatial\nspace and time domain, which demonstrates a volume-to-area law entanglement\nphase transition. When the measurement rate reaches the critical value, we\nobserve a logarithmic growth of entanglement entropy as the subsystem size or\nevolved time increases. Moreover, we find that the probability distribution of\nthe single-site entanglement entropy distinguishes the volume and area law\nphases, similar to the case of disorder-induced many-body localization. We also\ninvestigate the scaling behavior of entanglement entropy and mutual information\nbetween two separated sites, which is indicative of a single universality class\nand thus suggests a possible unified description of this transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The ferro/antiferromagnetic q-state Potts model: The critical properties of the mixed ferro/antiferromagnetic q-state Potts\nmodel on the square lattice are investigated using the numerical transfer\nmatrix technique. The transition temperature is found to be substantially lower\nthan previously found for q=3. It is conjectured that there is no transition\nfor q>3, in contradiction with previous results.",
        "positive": "Pattern formation in self-propelled particles with density-dependent\n  motility: We study the behaviour of interacting self-propelled particles, whose\nself-propulsion speed decreases with their local density. By combining direct\nsimulations of the microscopic model with an analysis of the hydrodynamic\nequations obtained by explicitly coarse graining the model, we show that\ninteractions lead generically to the formation of a host of patterns, including\nmoving clumps, active lanes and asters. This general mechanism could explain\nmany of the patterns seen in recent experiments and simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Hobbyhorse of Magnetic Systems: The Ising Model: The purpose of this article is to present a detailed numerical study of the\nsecond-order phase transition in the 2D Ising model. The importance of\ncorrectly presenting elementary theory of phase transitions, computational\nalgorithms and finite-size scaling techniques results in a important\nunderstanding of both the Ising model and the second order phase transitions.\nIn doing so, Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations are performed for different\nlattice sizes with periodic boundary conditions. Energy, magnetization,\nspecific heat, magnetic susceptibility and the correlation function are\ncalculated and the critical exponents determined by finite-size scaling\ntechniques. The importance of the correlation length as the relevant parameter\nin phase transitions is emphasized.",
        "positive": "Quantum Mechanical Treatment of the Problem of Constraints in\n  Nonextensive Formalism Revisited: The purity of Werner state in nonextensive formalism associated with two\ndifferent constraints has been calculated in a previous paper by G. B. Bagci et\nal. [G. B. Bagci et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. 20, 2085 (2006)]. Two different\nresults have been obtained corresponding to ordinary probability and escort\nprobability whereas the former has been shown to result in negative values\nthereby leading authors to deduce the advantage of escort probabilities over\nordinary probabilities. However, this results have been only for a limited\ninterval of q values which lie between 0 and 1. In this paper, we solve the\nsame problem for all values of nonextensive index q by using a perturbative\napproach and show that the simultaneous use of both types of constraint is\nnecessary in order to obtain the solution for whole spectrum of nonextensive\nindex. In this sense, the existence of these different constraints in\nnonextensive formalism must not be seen as a deficiency in the formalism but\nrather must be welcomed as a means of providing solution for all values of\nparameter q."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal conductance of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chains: Atomic to mesoscopic\n  transition: We demonstrate that in the atomic-scale limit the thermal conductance\n$\\mathcal K$ of the FPU model and its variants strongly deviates from the\nmesoscopic behavior due to the relevance of contact resistance. As a result,\natomic chains follow $\\log \\mathcal K = \\nu \\log T$, where the power law\ncoefficient $\\nu$ is exactly two times larger than the mesoscopic value. We\nsmoothly interconnect the atomic and mesoscopic limits, and demonstrate that\nthis turnover behavior takes place in other nonlinear FPU-like models. Our\nresults are significant for nanoscale applications, manifesting an atomic\nthermal conductance with temperature scaling superior to the mesoscopic limit.",
        "positive": "The tail of the contact force distribution in static granular materials: We numerically study the distribution P(f) of contact forces in frictionless\nbead packs, by averaging over the ensemble of all possible force network\nconfigurations. We resort to umbrella sampling to resolve the asymptotic decay\nof P(f) for large f, and determine P(f) down to values of order 10^{-45} for\nordered and disordered systems in two and three dimensions. Our findings\nunambiguously show that, in the ensemble approach, the force distributions\ndecay much faster than exponentially: P(f) ~ exp(-f^{\\alpha}), with alpha\n\\approx 2.0 for 2D systems, and alpha \\approx 1.7 for 3D systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work fluctuation and total entropy production in nonequilibrium\n  processes: Work fluctuation and total entropy production play crucial roles in small\nthermodynamic systems subject to large thermal fluctuations. We investigate a\ntrade-off relation between them in a nonequilibrium situation in which a system\nstarts from an arbitrary nonequilibrium state. We apply the variational method\nto study this problem and find a stationary solution against variations over\nprotocols that describe the time dependence of the Hamiltonian of the system.\nUsing the stationary solution, we find the minimum of the total entropy\nproduction for a given amount of work fluctuation. An explicit protocol that\nachieves this is constructed from an adiabatic process followed by a\nquasi-static process. The obtained results suggest how one can control the\nnonequilibrium dynamics of the system while suppressing its work fluctuation\nand total entropy production.",
        "positive": "The Neel temperature and sublattice magnetization for the stacked\n  triangular-lattice antiferromagnet with a weak interlayer coupling: The quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the stacked triangular lattice with\nthe intralayer nearest-neighbor exchange interaction J and interlayer exchange\nJ' is considered within the non-linear $\\sigma$-model with the use of the\nrenormalization group (RG) approach. For J' << J the asymptotic formula for the\nNeel temperature $T_{Neel}$ and sublattice magnetization are obtained. RG turns\nout to be insufficient to describe experimental data since it does not take\ninto account the $\\mathcal{Z}_2$-vortices. Therefore $T_{Neel}$ is estimated\nusing the Monte-Carlo result for the 2D correlation length [10] which has a\nKosterlitz-type behavior near the temperature $T_{KT}$ where the vortices are\nactivated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Criticality in Alternating Layered Ising Models: II. Exact Scaling\n  Theory: Part I of this article studied the specific heats of planar alternating\nlayered Ising models with strips of strong coupling $J_1$ sandwiched between\nstrips of weak coupling $J_2$, to illustrate qualitatively the effects of\nconnectivity, proximity, and enhancement in analogy to those seen in extensive\nexperiments on superfluid helium by Gasparini and coworkers. It was\ndemonstrated graphically that finite-size scaling descriptions hold in a\nvariety of temperature regions including in the vicinity of the two specific\nheat maxima. Here we provide exact theoretical analyses and asymptotics of the\nspecific heat that support and confirm the graphical findings. Specifically, at\nthe overall or bulk critical point, the anticipated (and always present)\nlogarithmic singularity is shown to vanish exponentially fast as the width of\nthe stronger strips increases.",
        "positive": "Underdamped scaled Brownian motion: (non-)existence of the overdamped\n  limit in anomalous diffusion: It is quite generally assumed that the overdamped Langevin equation provides\na quantitative description of the dynamics of a classical Brownian particle in\nthe long time limit. We establish and investigate a paradigm anomalous\ndiffusion process governed by an underdamped Langevin equation with an explicit\ntime dependence of the system temperature and thus the diffusion and damping\ncoefficients. We show that for this underdamped scaled Brownian motion (UDSBM)\nthe overdamped limit fails to describe the long time behaviour of the system\nand may practically even not exist at all for a certain range of the parameter\nvalues. Thus persistent inertial effects play a non-negligible role even at\nsignificantly long times. From this study a general questions on the\napplicability of the overdamped limit to describe the long time motion of an\nanomalously diffusing particle arises, with profound consequences for the\nrelevance of overdamped anomalous diffusion models. We elucidate our results in\nview of analytical and simulations results for the anomalous diffusion of\nparticles in free cooling granular gases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Single-spin-flip dynamics of the Ising chain: We consider the most general single-spin-flip dynamics for the ferromagnetic\nIsing chain with nearest-neighbour influence and spin reversal symmetry. This\ndynamics is a two-parameter extension of Glauber dynamics corresponding\nrespectively to non-linearity and irreversibility. The associated stationary\nstate measure is given by the usual Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution for the\nferromagnetic Hamiltonian of the chain. We study the properties of this\ndynamics both at infinite and at finite temperature, all over its parameter\nspace, with particular emphasis on special lines and points.",
        "positive": "Generalized Manna sandpile model with height restrictions: Sandpile models with conserved number of particles (also called fixed energy\nsandpiles) may undergo phase transitions between active and absorbing states.\nWe generalize the Manna sandpile model with fixed number of particles,\nintroducing a parameter $-1 \\leq \\lambda \\leq 1$ related to the toppling of\nparticles from active sites to its first neighbors. In particular, we discuss a\nmodel with height restrictions, allowing for at most two particles on a site.\nSites with double occupancy are active, and their particles may be transfered\nto first neighbor sites, if the height restriction do allow the change. For\n$\\lambda=0$ each one of the two particles is independently assigned to one of\nthe two first neighbors and the original stochastic sandpile model is\nrecovered. For $\\lambda=1$ exactly one particle will be placed on each first\nneighbor and thus a deterministic (BTW) sandpile model is obtained. When\n$\\lambda=-1$ two particles are moved to one of the first neighbors, and this\nimplies that the density of active sites is conserved in the evolution of the\nsystem, and no phase transition is observed. Through simulations of the\nstationary state, we estimate the critical density of particles and the\ncritical exponents as functions of $\\lambda$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Responses to applied forces and the Jarzynski equality in classical\n  oscillator systems coupled to finite baths: An exactly solvable\n  non-dissipative non-ergodic model: Responses of small open oscillator systems to applied external forces have\nbeen studied with the use of an exactly solvable classical Caldeira-Leggett\n(CL) model in which a harmonic oscillator (system) is coupled to finite\n$N$-body oscillators (bath) with an identical frequency ($\\omega_n=\\omega_o$\nfor $n=1$ to $N$). We have derived exact expressions for positions, momenta and\nenergy of the system in nonequilibrium states and for work performed by applied\nforces. Detailed study has been made on an analytical method for canonical\naverages of physical quantities over the initial equilibrium state, which is\nmuch superior than numerical averages commonly adopted in simulations of small\nsystems. The calculated energy of the system which is strongly coupled to\nfinite bath is fluctuating but non-dissipative. It has been shown that the\nJarzynski equality (JE) is valid in non-dissipative, non-ergodic open\noscillator systems regardless of the rate of applied ramp force.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo study of multicomponent monolayer adsorption on square\n  lattices: The monolayer adsorption process of interacting binary mixtures of species\n$A$ and $B$ on square lattices is studied through grand canonical Monte Carlo\nsimulation in the framework of the lattice-gas model. Four different energies\nhave been considered in the adsorption process: 1) $\\epsilon_0$, interaction\nenergy between a particle (type $A$ or $B$) and a lattice site; 2) $w_{AA}$,\ninteraction energy between two nearest-neighbor $A$ particles; 3) $w_{BB}$,\ninteraction energy between two nearest-neighbor $B$ particles; 4)\n$w_{AB}=w_{BA}$, interaction energy between two nearest-neighbors being one of\ntype $A$ and the other of type $B$. The adsorption process has been monitored\nthrough total and partial isotherms and differential heats of adsorption\ncorresponding to both species of the mixture. Our main interest is in the\nrepulsive lateral interactions, where a variety of structural orderings arise\nin the adlayer, depending on the interaction parameters ($w_{AA}$, $w_{BB}$ and\n$w_{AB}$). At the end of this work, we determine the phase diagram\ncharacterizing the phase transitions occurring in the system. A nontrivial\ninterdependence between the partial surface coverage of both species is\nobserved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Small-Network Approximations for Geometrically Frustrated Ising Systems: The study of frustrated spin systems often requires time-consuming numerical\nsimulations. As the simplest approach, the classical Ising model is often used\nto investigate the thermodynamic behavior of such systems. Exploiting the small\ncorrelation lengths in frustrated Ising systems, we develop a method for\nobtaining a first approximation to the energetic properties of frustrated\ntwo-dimensional Ising systems using small networks of less than 30 spins. These\nsmall networks allow much faster numerical simulations, and more importantly,\nanalytical calculation of the properties from the partition function is\npossible. We choose Ising systems on the triangular lattice, the Kagome\nlattice, and the triangular Kagome lattice as prototype systems and find small\nsystems that can serve as good approximations to these prototype systems. We\nalso develop criteria for constructing small networks to approximate general\ntwo-dimensional frustrated Ising systems. This method of using small networks\nprovides a novel and efficient way to obtain a first approximation to the\nproperties of frustrated spin systems.",
        "positive": "Geometrical Bounds of the Irreversibility in Markovian Systems: We derive geometrical bounds on the irreversibility in both quantum and\nclassical Markovian open systems that satisfy the detailed balance condition.\nUsing information geometry, we prove that irreversible entropy production is\nbounded from below by a modified Wasserstein distance between the initial and\nfinal states, thus strengthening the Clausius inequality in the\nreversible-Markov case. The modified metric can be regarded as a discrete-state\ngeneralization of the Wasserstein metric, which has been used to bound\ndissipation in continuous-state Langevin systems. Notably, the derived bounds\ncan be interpreted as the quantum and classical speed limits, implying that the\nassociated entropy production constrains the minimum time of transforming a\nsystem state. We illustrate the results on several systems and show that a\ntighter bound than the Carnot bound for the efficiency of quantum heat engines\ncan be obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum trajectory phase transitions in the micromaser: We study the dynamics of the single atom maser, or micromaser, by means of\nthe recently introduced method of thermodynamics of quantum jump trajectories.\nWe find that the dynamics of the micromaser displays multiple space-time phase\ntransitions, i.e., phase transitions in ensembles of quantum jump trajectories.\nThis rich dynamical phase structure becomes apparent when trajectories are\nclassified by dynamical observables that quantify dynamical activity, such as\nthe number of atoms that have changed state while traversing the cavity. The\nspace-time transitions can be either first-order or continuous, and are\ncontrolled not just by standard parameters of the micromaser but also by\nnon-equilibrium \"counting\" fields. We discuss how the dynamical phase behavior\nrelates to the better known stationary state properties of the micromaser.",
        "positive": "Full and unbiased solution of the Dyson-Schwinger equation in the\n  functional integro-differential representation: We provide a full and unbiased solution to the Dyson-Schwinger equation\nillustrated for $\\phi^4$ theory in 2D. It is based on an exact treatment of the\nfunctional derivative $\\partial \\Gamma / \\partial G$ of the 4-point vertex\nfunction $\\Gamma$ with respect to the 2-point correlation function $G$ within\nthe framework of the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and the Monte Carlo\nsampling of rooted tree diagrams. The resulting series solution in deformations\ncan be considered as an asymptotic series around $G=0$ in a HAM control\nparameter $c_0G$, or even a convergent one up to the phase transition point if\nshifts in $G$ can be performed (such as by summing up all ladder diagrams).\nThese considerations are equally applicable to fermionic quantum field theories\nand offer a fresh approach to solving integro-differential equations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal behaviour of 3D loop soup models: These notes describe several loop soup models and their {\\it universal\nbehaviour} in dimensions greater or equal to 3. These loop models represent\ncertain classical or quantum statistical mechanical systems. These systems\nundergo phase transitions that are characterised by changes in the structures\nof the loops. Namely, long-range order is equivalent to the occurrence of\nmacroscopic loops. There are many such loops, and the joint distribution of\ntheir lengths is always given by a {\\it Poisson-Dirichlet distribution}.\n  This distribution concerns random partitions and it is not widely known in\nstatistical physics. We introduce it explicitly, and we explain that it is the\ninvariant measure of a mean-field split-merge process. It is relevant to\nspatial models because the macroscopic loops are so intertwined that they\nbehave effectively in mean-field fashion. This heuristics can be made exact and\nit allows to calculate the parameter of the Poisson-Dirichlet distribution. We\ndiscuss consequences about symmetry breaking in certain quantum spin systems.",
        "positive": "Statistical properties of single-file diffusion front: Statistical properties of the front of a semi-infinite system of single-file\ndiffusion (one dimensional system where particles cannot pass each other, but\nin-between collisions each one independently follow diffusive motion) are\ninvestigated. Exact as well as asymptotic results are provided for the\nprobability density function of (a) the front-position, (b) the maximum of the\nfront-positions, and (c) the first-passage time to a given position. The\nasymptotic laws for the front-position and the maximum front-position are found\nto be governed by the Fisher-Tippett-Gumbel extreme value statistics. The\nasymptotic properties of the first-passage time is dominated by a\nstretched-exponential tail in the distribution. The farness of the front with\nthe rest of the system is investigated by considering (i) the gap from the\nfront to the closest particle, and (ii) the density profile with respect to the\nfront-position, and analytical results are provided for late time behaviors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonasymptotic Effects in Critical Sound Propagation Associated with\n  Spin-Lattice Relaxation: The nonasymptotic critical behavior of sound attenuation coefficient has been\nstudied in an elastically isotropic Ising system above the critical point on\nthe basis of a complete stochastic model including both spin-energy and\nlattice-energy modes linearly coupled to the longitudinal sound mode. The\neffect of spin-lattice relaxation on the ultrasonic attenuation is\ninvestigated. The crossover between weak-singularity behavior $t^{-2 \\alpha}$\nand strong singularity behavior $t^{-(z \\nu +\\alpha)}$ is studied. A new\nhigh-frequency regime with singularity of the type $t^{-z \\nu +\\alpha}$ is\ndiscovered in the magnetic systems. This new regime corresponds to an adiabatic\nsound propagation and is very similar to the ones in binary mixture and liquid\nhelium. A new frequency-dependent specific-heat being the harmonic average of\nthe bare lattice and critical spin specific-heats is introduced. It was shown\nthat such specific-heat descibes the process of equilibrization between spin\nand lattice subsystems and includes the most important features of critical\nsound attenuation. In some regions of coupling constants the acoustic\nself-energy can be very well approximated solely by this quantity.",
        "positive": "Brownian motion of a particle with higher-derivative dynamics: The Brownian motion of a particle with higher-derivative dynamics (HDD)\ncoupling with a bath consisting of harmonic oscillators is investigated. The\nLangevin equation and corresponding Fokker-Planck equation for the Brownian\nmotion of the HDD particle are derived. As a case study, we particularly\nconsider a stochastic Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator. It is found that the Boltzmann\ndistribution is pathological while this distribution is the steady solution to\nthe Fokker-Planck equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variational principle of counting statistics in master equations: We study counting statistics of number of transitions in a stochastic\nprocess. For mesoscopic systems, a path integral formulation for the counting\nstatistics has already been derived. We here show that it is also possible to\nderive the similar path integral formulation without the assumption of\nmesoscopic systems. It has been clarified that the saddle point method for the\npath integral is not an approximation, but a valid procedure in the present\nderivation. Hence, a variational principle in the counting statistics is\nnaturally derived. In order to obtain the variational principle, we employ many\nindependent replicas of the same system. In addition, the Euler-Maclaurin\nformula is used in order to connect the discrete and continuous properties of\nthe system.",
        "positive": "Non-equilibrium phase transition in negotiation dynamics: We introduce a model of negotiation dynamics whose aim is that of mimicking\nthe mechanisms leading to opinion and convention formation in a population of\nindividuals. The negotiation process, as opposed to ``herding-like'' or\n``bounded confidence'' driven processes, is based on a microscopic dynamics\nwhere memory and feedback play a central role. Our model displays a\nnon-equilibrium phase transition from an absorbing state in which all agents\nreach a consensus to an active stationary state characterized either by\npolarization or fragmentation in clusters of agents with different opinions. We\nshow the exystence of at least two different universality classes, one for the\ncase with two possible opinions and one for the case with an unlimited number\nof opinions. The phase transition is studied analytically and numerically for\nvarious topologies of the agents' interaction network. In both cases the\nuniversality classes do not seem to depend on the specific interaction\ntopology, the only relevant feature being the total number of different\nopinions ever present in the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random patterns generated by random permutations of natural numbers: We survey recent results on some one- and two-dimensional patterns generated\nby random permutations of natural numbers. In the first part, we discuss\nproperties of random walks, evolving on a one-dimensional regular lattice in\ndiscrete time $n$, whose moves to the right or to the left are induced by the\nrise-and-descent sequence associated with a given random permutation. We\ndetermine exactly the probability of finding the trajectory of such a\npermutation-generated random walk at site $X$ at time $n$, obtain the\nprobability measure of different excursions and define the asymptotic\ndistribution of the number of \"U-turns\" of the trajectories - permutation\n\"peaks\" and \"through\". In the second part, we focus on some statistical\nproperties of surfaces obtained by randomly placing natural numbers $1,2,3,\n>...,L$ on sites of a 1d or 2d square lattices containing $L$ sites. We\ncalculate the distribution function of the number of local \"peaks\" - sites the\nnumber at which is larger than the numbers appearing at nearest-neighboring\nsites - and discuss some surprising collective behavior emerging in this model.",
        "positive": "Finite-size effects in Anderson localization of one-dimensional\n  Bose-Einstein condensates: We investigate the disorder-induced localization transition in Bose-Einstein\ncondensates for the Anderson and Aubry-Andre models in the non-interacting\nlimit using exact diagonalization. We show that, in addition to the standard\nsuperfluid fraction, other tools such as the entanglement and fidelity can\nprovide clear signatures of the transition. Interestingly, the fidelity\nexhibits good sensitivity even for small lattices. Effects of the system size\non these quantities are analyzed in detail, including the determination of a\nfinite-size-scaling law for the critical disorder strength in the case of the\nAnderson model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computer Simulations of Supercooled Liquids and Glasses: After a brief introduction to the dynamics of supercooled liquids, we discuss\nsome of the advantages and drawbacks of computer simulations of such systems.\nSubsequently we present the results of computer simulations in which the\ndynamics of a fragile glass former, a binary Lennard-Jones system, is compared\nto the one of a strong glass former, SiO_2. This comparison gives evidence that\nthe reason for the different temperature dependence of these two types of glass\nformers lies in the transport mechanism for the particles in the vicinity of\nT_c, the critical temperature of mode-coupling theory. Whereas the one of the\nfragile glass former is described very well by the ideal version of\nmode-coupling theory, the one for the strong glass former is dominated by\nactivated processes. In the last part of the article we review some simulations\nof glass formers in which the dynamics below the glass transition temperature\nwas investigated. We show that such simulations might help to establish a\nconnection between systems with self generated disorder (e.g. structural\nglasses) and quenched disorder (e.g. spin glasses).",
        "positive": "Statistical Mechanics of an Urban Cross: A solvable Model: We propose a model for the intersection of two urban streets. The traffic\nstatus of the crossroads is controlled by a set of traffic lights which\nperiodically switch to red and green with a total period of T. Two different\ntypes of crossroads are discussed. The first one describes the intersection of\ntwo one-way streets, while the second type models the intersection of a two-way\nstreet with an one-way street. We assume that the vehicles approach the\ncrossroads with constant rates in time which are taken as the model parameters.\nWe optimize the traffic flow at the crossroads by minimizing the total waiting\ntime of the vehicles per cycle of the traffic light. This leads to the\ndetermination of the optimum green-time allocated to each phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion of a magnetic skyrmion in 2-dimensional space: Two-dimensional magnetic skyrmions are particle-like magnetic domains in\nmagnetic thin films. The kinetic property of the magnetic skyrmions at finite\ntemperature is well described by the Thiele equation, including a stochastic\nfield and a finite mass. In this paper, the validity of the constant-mass\napproximation is examined by comparing the Fourier spectrum of Brownian motions\ndescribed by the Thiele equation and the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation.\nThen, the 4-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation is derived from the Thiele\nequation with a mass-term. Consequently, an expression of the diffusion flow\nand diffusion constant in a tensor form is derived, extending Chandrasekhar's\nmethod for Thiele dynamics.",
        "positive": "Dynamic Scaling in One-Dimensional Cluster-Cluster Aggregation: We study the dynamic scaling properties of an aggregation model in which\nparticles obey both diffusive and driven ballistic dynamics. The diffusion\nconstant and the velocity of a cluster of size $s$ follow $D(s) \\sim s^\\gamma$\nand $v(s) \\sim s^\\delta$, respectively. We determine the dynamic exponent and\nthe phase diagram for the asymptotic aggregation behavior in one dimension in\nthe presence of mixed dynamics. The asymptotic dynamics is dominated by the\nprocess that has the largest dynamic exponent with a crossover that is located\nat $\\delta = \\gamma - 1$. The cluster size distributions scale similarly in all\ncases but the scaling function depends continuously on $\\gamma$ and $\\delta$.\nFor the purely diffusive case the scaling function has a transition from\nexponential to algebraic behavior at small argument values as $\\gamma$ changes\nsign whereas in the drift dominated case the scaling function decays always\nexponentially."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An efficient method to calculate the anharmonicity free energy: The anharmonicity resulted from the intrinsic phonon interaction is neglected\nby quasiharmonic approximation. Although the intensive researches about\nanharmonicity have been done, up to now the free energy contributed by the\nanharmonicity is still difficult to calculate. Here we put forward a new method\nthat can well include the anharmonicity. We introduce the implicit temperature\ndependence of effective frequency by volume modification. The quasiharmonic\napproximation becomes a special case in our method corresponding to non volume\nmodification. Although our method is simple and only a constant need to\ndetermine, the anharmonicity is well included. Thermodynamic properties of MgO\npredicted with our method are excellent consistent with the experiment results\nat very wide temperature range. We also believe that our method will be helpful\nto reveal the characteristic of anharmonicity and intrinsic phonon interaction.",
        "positive": "Does the Quenched Kardar-Parisi-Zhang Equation Describe the Directed\n  Percolation Depinning Models?: The roughening of interfaces moving in inhomogeneous media is investigated by\nnumerical integration of the phenomenological stochastic differential equation\nproposed by Kardar, Parisi, and Zhang [Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 889, (1986)] with\nquenched noise (QKPZ). We express the evolution equations for the mean height\nand the roughness into two contributions: the local and the lateral one. We\ncompare this two contributions with the ones obtained for two directed\npercolation deppining models (DPD): the Tang and Leschhorn model [Phys. Rev A\n45, R8309 (1992)] and the Buldyrev et al. model [Phys. Rev. A 45, R8313 (1992)]\nby Braunstein al. [J. Phys. A 32, 1801 (1999); Phys. Rev. E 59, 4243 (1999)].\nEven these models have being classified in the same universality class that the\nQKPZ the contributions to the growing mechanisms are quite different. The\nlateral contribution in the DPD models, leads to an increasing of the roughness\nnear the criticality while in the QKPZ equation this contribution always\nflattens the roughness. These results suggest that the QKPZ equation does not\ndescribe properly the DPD models even when the exponents derived from this\nequation are similar to the one obtained from simulations of these models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Constitutive equations for granular flow with uniform mean shear and\n  spin fields: Numerical simulations of two-dimensional granular flows under uniform shear\nand external body torque were performed in order to extract the constitutive\nequations for the system. The outcome of the numerical simulations is analyzed\non the basis of the micropolar fluid model. Uniform mean shear field and mean\nspin field, which is not subordinate to the vorticity field, are realized in\nthe simulations. The estimates of stresses based on kinetic theory by Lun [Lun,\nJ. Fluid Mech., 1991, 233, 539] are in good agreement with the simulation\nresults for a low area fraction $\\nu=0.1$ but the agreement becomes weaker as\nthe area fraction gets higher. However, the estimates in the kinetic theory can\nbe fitted to the simulation results up to $\\nu=0.7$ by renormalizing the\ncoefficient of roughness. For a relatively dense granular flow ($\\nu=0.8$), the\nsimulation results are also compared with Kanatani's theory [Kanatani, Int. J.\nEng. Sci., 1979, 17, 419]. It is found that the dissipation function and its\ndecomposition into the constitutive equations in Kanatani's theory are not\nconsistent with the simulation results.",
        "positive": "Dynamical typicality for initial states with a preset measurement\n  statistics of several commuting observables: We consider all pure or mixed states of a quantum many-body system which\nexhibit the same, arbitrary but fixed measurement outcome statistics for\nseveral commuting observables. Taking those states as initial conditions, which\nare then propagated by the pertinent Schr\\\"odinger or von Neumann equation up\nto some later time point, and invoking a few additional, fairly weak and\nrealistic assumptions, we show that most of them still entail very similar\nexpectation values for any given observable. This so-called dynamical\ntypicality property thus corroborates the widespread observation that a few\nmacroscopic features are sufficient to ensure the reproducibility of\nexperimental measurements despite many unknown and uncontrollable microscopic\ndetails of the system. We also discuss and exemplify the usefulness of our\ngeneral analytical result as a powerful numerical tool."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum criticality in the nonunitary dynamics of $(2+1)$-dimensional\n  free fermions: We explore the nonunitary dynamics of $(2+1)$-dimensional free fermions and\nshow that the obtained steady state is critical regardless the strength of the\nnonunitary evolution. Numerical results indicate that the entanglement entropy\nhas a logarithmic violation of the area-law and the mutual information between\ntwo distant regions decays as a power-law function. In particular, we provide\nan interpretation of these scaling behaviors in terms of a simple quasiparticle\npair picture. In addition, we study the dynamics of the correlation function\nand demonstrate that this system has dynamical exponent $z=1$. We further\ndemonstrate the dynamics of the correlation function can be well captured by a\nclassical nonlinear master equation. Our method opens a door to a vast number\nof nonunitary random dynamics in free fermions and can be generalized to any\ndimensions.",
        "positive": "Exact c-number Representation of Non-Markovian Quantum Dissipation: The reduced dynamics of a quantum system interacting with a linear heat bath\nfinds an exact representation in terms of a stochastic Schr{\\\"o}dinger\nequation. All memory effects of the reservoir are transformed into noise\ncorrelations and mean-field friction. The classical limit of the resulting\nstochastic dynamics is shown to be a generalized Langevin equation, and\nconventional quantum state diffusion is recovered in the Born--Markov\napproximation. The non-Markovian exact dynamics, valid at arbitrary temperature\nand damping strength, is exemplified by an application to the dissipative\ntwo-state system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Infinite Statistics and the Gross Pitaevskii Equation: We clarify that an ideal gas obeying infinite statistics cannot undergo\ncondensation. Then we derive the dynamic equation for an identical particle\nsystem obeying infinite statistics under external potential and inter-particle\ninteraction. The derivation utilizes the Hamiltonian written in terms of the\nnumber operators and the transition number operators. At a very low\ntemperature, where one can discard the dynamics of the excited occupation\nlevel, the dynamic of an infinite statistics system can be described by the\nGross Pitaevskii equation, similar to the Bose-Einstein case.",
        "positive": "Resilience of the topological phases to frustration: Recently it was highlighted that one-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin\nmodels with frustrated boundary conditions, i.e. periodic boundary conditions\nin a ring with an odd number of elements, may show very peculiar behavior.\nIndeed the presence of frustrated boundary conditions can destroy the local\nmagnetic orders presented by the models when different boundary conditions are\ntaken into account and induce novel phase transitions. Motivated by these\nresults, we analyze the effects of the introduction of frustrated boundary\nconditions on several models supporting (symmetry protected) topological\norders, and compare our results with the ones obtained with different boundary\nconditions. None of the topological order phases analyzed are altered by this\nchange. This observation leads naturally to the conjecture that topological\nphases of one-dimensional systems are in general not affected by topological\nfrustration."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A generalized molecular theory for nematic liquid crystals formed by\n  non-cylindrically symmetric molecules: Many molecular theories of nematic liquid crystals consider the constituent\nmolecules as cylindrically symmetric. In many cases, this approximation may be\nuseful. However the molecules of real nematics have lower symmetry. Therefore a\ntheory was developed (Mol. Phys. 30 (1975) 1345) for an ensemble of such\nparticles based upon a general expansion of the pairwise intermolecular\npotential together with the molecular field approximation. In this study, we\nwould like to handle this molecular field theory by using Tsallis\nthermostatistics which has been commonly used for a decade to study the\nphysical systems. With this aim, we would like to investigate the dependence of\nthe order parameters on temperature and would like to report the variation of\nthe critical values of the order parameters at the transition temperature with\nthe entropic index.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium critical dynamics of the two-dimensional $\\pm J$ Ising\n  model: The $\\pm J$ Ising model is a simple frustrated spin model, where the exchange\ncouplings independently take the discrete value $-J$ with probability $p$ and\n$+J$ with probability $1-p$. It is especially appealing due to its connection\nto quantum error correcting codes. Here, we investigate the nonequilibrium\ncritical behavior of the two-dimensional $\\pm J$ Ising model, after a quench\nfrom different initial conditions to a critical point $T_c(p)$ on the\nparamagnetic-ferromagnetic (PF) transition line, especially, above, below and\nat the multicritical Nishimori point (NP). The dynamical critical exponent\n$z_c$ seems to exhibit non-universal behavior for quenches above and below the\nNP, which is identified as a pre-asymptotic feature due to the repulsive fixed\npoint at the NP. Whereas, for a quench directly to the NP, the dynamics reaches\nthe asymptotic regime with $z_c \\simeq 6.02(6)$. We also consider the\ngeometrical spin clusters (of like spin signs) during the critical dynamics.\nEach universality class on the PF line is uniquely characterized by the\nstochastic Loewner evolution (SLE) with corresponding parameter $\\kappa$.\nMoreover, for the critical quenches from the paramagnetic phase, the model,\nirrespective of the frustration, exhibits an emergent critical percolation\ntopology at the large length scales."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics and time-series analysis by L\u00e9vy-parameters with\n  the possibility of real-time application: We develop a method that relates the truncated cumulant-function of the\nfourth order with the L\\'evian cumulant-function. This gives us explicit\nformulas for the L\\'evy-parameters, which allow a real-time analysis of the\nstate of a random-motion. Cumbersome procedures like maximum-likelihood or\nleast-square methods are unnecessary. Furthermore, we treat the L\\'evy-system\nin terms of statistical mechanics and work out it's thermodynamic properties.\nThis also includes a discussion of the fractal nature of relativistic\ncorrections. As examples for a time-series analysis, we apply our results on\nthe time-series of the German DAX and the American S\\&P-500\\,.",
        "positive": "System size resonance in coupled noisy systems and in the Ising model: We consider an ensemble of coupled nonlinear noisy oscillators demonstrating\nin the thermodynamic limit an Ising-type transition. In the ordered phase and\nfor finite ensembles stochastic flips of the mean field are observed with the\nrate depending on the ensemble size. When a small periodic force acts on the\nensemble, the linear response of the system has a maximum at a certain system\nsize, similar to the stochastic resonance phenomenon. We demonstrate this\neffect of system size resonance for different types of noisy oscillators and\nfor different ensembles -- lattices with nearest neighbors coupling and\nglobally coupled populations. The Ising model is also shown to demonstrate the\nsystem size resonance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stationary, isotropic and homogeneous two-dimensional turbulence: a\n  first non-perturbative renormalization group approach: We study the statistical properties of stationary, isotropic and homogeneous\nturbulence in two-dimensional (2D) flows, focusing on the direct cascade, that\nis on wave-numbers large compared to the integral scale, where both energy and\nenstrophy are provided to the fluid. Our starting point is the 2D Navier-Stokes\nequation in the presence of a stochastic forcing, or more precisely the\nassociated field theory. We unveil two extended symmetries of the Navier-Stokes\naction which were not identified yet, one related to time-dependent (or\ntime-gauged) shifts of the response fields and existing in both 2D and 3D, and\nthe other to time-gauged rotations and specific to 2D flows. We derive the\ncorresponding Ward identities, and exploit them within the non-perturbative\nrenormalization group formalism, and the large wave-number expansion scheme\ndeveloped in [Phys. Fluids {\\bf 30}, 055102 (2018)]. We consider the flow\nequation for a generalized $n$-point correlation function, and calculate its\nleading order term in the large wave-number expansion. At this order, the\nresulting flow equation can be closed exactly. We solve the fixed point\nequation for the 2-point function, which yields its explicit time dependence,\nfor both small and large time delays in the stationary turbulent state. On the\nother hand, at equal times, the leading order term vanishes, so we compute the\nnext-to-leading order term. We find that the flow equations for simultaneous\n$n$-point correlation functions are not fully constrained by the set of\nextended symmetries, and discuss the consequences.",
        "positive": "Depinning of a discrete elastic string from a two dimensional random\n  array of weak pinning points: The present work is essentially concerned with the development of statistical\ntheory for the low temperature dislocation glide in concentrated solid\nsolutions where atom-sized obstacles impede plastic flow. In connection with\nsuch a problem, we compute analytically the external force required to drag an\nelastic string along a discrete two-dimensional square lattice, where some\nobstacles have been randomly distributed. The corresponding numerical\nsimulations allow us to demonstrate a remarkable agreement between simulations\nand theory for an obstacle density ranging from 1 to 50 % and for lattices with\ndifferent aspect ratios. The theory proves efficient on the condition that the\nobstacle-chain interaction remains sufficiently weak compared to the string\nstiffness."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Using bond-length dependent transferable force constants to predict\n  vibrational entropies in Au-Cu, Au-Pd, and Cu-Pd alloys: A model is tested to rapidly evaluate the vibrational properties of alloys\nwith site disorder. It is shown that length-dependent transferable force\nconstants exist, and can be used to accurately predict the vibrational entropy\nof substitutionally ordered and disordered structures in Au-Cu, Au-Pd, and\nCu-Pd. For each relevant force constant, a length- dependent function is\ndetermined and fitted to force constants obtained from first-principles\npseudopotential calculations. We show that these transferable force constants\ncan accurately predict vibrational entropies of L1$_{2}$-ordered and disordered\nphases in Cu$_{3}$Au, Au$_{3}$Pd, Pd$_{3}$Au, Cu$_{3}$Pd, and Pd$_{3}$Au. In\naddition, we calculate the vibrational entropy difference between\nL1$_{2}$-ordered and disordered phases of Au$_{3}$Cu and Cu$_{3}$Pt.",
        "positive": "Transition dynamics in aging systems: microscopic origin of logarithmic\n  time evolution: There exists compelling experimental evidence in numerous systems for\nlogarithmically slow time evolution, yet its theoretical understanding remains\nelusive. We here introduce and study a generic transition process in complex\nsystems, based on non-renewal, aging waiting times. Each state n of the system\nfollows a local clock initiated at t=0. The random time \\tau between clock\nticks follows the waiting time density \\psi(\\tau). Transitions between states\noccur only at local clock ticks and are hence triggered by the local forward\nwaiting time, rather than by \\psi(\\tau). For power-law forms \\psi(\\tau) ~\n\\tau^{-1-\\alpha} (0<\\alpha<1) we obtain a logarithmic time evolution of the\nstate number <n(t)> ~ log(t/t_0), while for \\alpha>2 the process becomes normal\nin the sense that <n(t)> ~ t. In the intermediate range 1<\\alpha<2 we find the\npower-law growth <n(t)> ~ t^{\\alpha-1}. Our model provides a universal\ndescription for transition dynamics between aging and non-aging states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multifractal analysis of fluid particle accelerations in turbulence: The probability density function (PDF) of accelerations in turbulence is\nderived analytically with the help of the multifractal analysis based on\ngeneralized entropy, i.e., the Tsallis or the R\\'{e}nyi entropy. It is shown\nthat the derived PDF explains quite well the one obtained by Bodenschatz et al.\nin the measurement of fluid particle accelerations in the Lagrangian frame at\n$R_\\lambda = 690$, and the one by Gotoh et al. in the DNS with the mesh size\n1024$^3$ at $R_\\lambda = 380$.",
        "positive": "q-Path entropy phenomenology for phase-space curves: We describe the phenomenology of the classical q-path entropy of a\nphase-space curve. This allows one to disclose an entropic force-like mechanism\nthat is able to mimic some phenomenological aspects of the strong force, such\nas confinement, hard core, and asymptotic freedom."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glassy quantum dynamics in translation invariant fracton models: We investigate relaxation in the recently discovered \"fracton\" models and\ndiscover that these models naturally host glassy quantum dynamics in the\nabsence of quenched disorder. We begin with a discussion of \"type I\" fracton\nmodels, in the taxonomy of Vijay, Haah, and Fu. We demonstrate that in these\nsystems, the mobility of charges is suppressed exponentially in the inverse\ntemperature. We further demonstrate that when a zero temperature type I fracton\nmodel is placed in contact with a finite temperature heat bath, the approach to\nequilibrium is a logarithmic function of time over an exponentially wide window\nof time scales. Generalizing to the more complex \"type II\" fracton models, we\nfind that the charges exhibit subdiffusion upto a relaxation time that diverges\nat low temperatures as a super-exponential function of inverse temperature.\nThis behaviour is reminiscent of \"nearly localized\" disordered systems, but\noccurs with a translation invariant three-dimensional Hamiltonian. We also\nconjecture that fracton models with conserved charge may support a phase which\nis a thermal metal but a charge insulator.",
        "positive": "Statistical physics of flux-carrying Brownian particles: Chern-Simons gauge field theory has provided a natural framework to gain deep\ninsight about many novel phenomena in two-dimensional condensed matter. We\ninvestigate the nonequilibrium thermodynamics properties of a (two-dimensional)\ndissipative harmonic particle when the Abelian topological gauge action and the\n(linear) Brownian motion dynamics are treated on an equal footing. We find out\nthat the particle exhibits remarkable magneticlike features in the quantum\ndomain that are beyond the celebrated Landau diamagnetism: this could be viewed\nas the non-relativistic Brownian counterpart of the composite excitation of a\ncharge and magneticlike flux. Interestingly, it is shown that the properties of\nsuch flux-carrying Brownian particle are in good agreement with the classical\nstatistical mechanics at sufficient high temperatures, as well as are widely\nconsistent with the Third Law of thermodynamics in the studied dissipative\nscenarios. Our findings also suggest that its ground state may be far from\ntrivial, i.e. it fakes a seemingly degenerate state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Speed of Quantum Information Spreading in Chaotic Systems: We present a general theory of quantum information propagation in chaotic\nquantum many-body systems. The generic expectation in such systems is that\nquantum information does not propagate in localized form; instead, it tends to\nspread out and scramble into a form that is inaccessible to local measurements.\nTo characterize this spreading, we define an information speed via a\nquench-type experiment and derive a general formula for it as a function of the\nentanglement density of the initial state. As the entanglement density varies\nfrom zero to one, the information speed varies from the entanglement speed to\nthe butterfly speed. We verify that the formula holds both for a quantum\nchaotic spin chain and in field theories with an AdS/CFT gravity dual. For the\nsecond case, we study in detail the dynamics of entanglement in two-sided\nVaidya-AdS-Reissner-Nordstrom black branes. We also show that, with an\nappropriate decoding process, quantum information can be construed as moving at\nthe information speed, and, in the case of AdS/CFT, we show that a locally\ndetectable signal propagates at the information speed in a spatially local\nvariant of the traversable wormhole setup.",
        "positive": "Self Similar Renormalization Group Applied to Diffusion in non-Gaussian\n  Potentials: We study the problem of the computation of the effective diffusion constant\nof a Brownian particle diffusing in a random potential which is given by a\nfunction $V(\\phi)$ of a Gaussian field $\\phi$. A self similar renormalization\ngroup analysis is applied to a mathematically related problem of the effective\npermeability of a random porous medium from which the diffusion constant of the\nrandom potential problem can be extracted. This renormalization group approach\nreproduces practically all known exact results in one and two dimensions. The\nresults are confronted with numerical simulations and we find that their\naccuracy is good up to points well beyond the expected perturbative regime. The\nresults obtained are also tentatively applied to interacting particle systems\nwithout disorder and we obtain expressions for the self-diffusion constant in\nterms of the excess thermodynamic entropy. This result is of a form that has\ncommonly been used to fit the self diffusion constant in molecular dynamics\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Markovian Quantum Master Equation beyond Adiabatic Regime: By introducing a temporal change timescale $\\tau_{\\text{A}}(t)$ for the\ntime-dependent system Hamiltonian, a general formulation of the Markovian\nquantum master equation is given to go well beyond the adiabatic regime. In\nappropriate situations, the framework is well justified even if\n$\\tau_{\\text{A}}(t)$ is faster than the decay timescale of the bath correlation\nfunction. An application to the dissipative Landau-Zener model demonstrates\nthis general result. The findings are applicable to a wide range of fields,\nproviding a basis for quantum control beyond the adiabatic regime.",
        "positive": "Bidirectional transport in a multispecies TASEP model: We study a minimal lattice model which describes bidirectional transport of\n\"particles\" driven along a one dimensional track, as is observed in microtubule\nbased, motor protein driven bidirectional transport of cargo vesicles, lipid\nbodies and organelles such as mitochondria. This minimal model, a multi-species\ntotally asymmetric exclusion process (TASEP) with directional switching, can\nprovide a framework for understanding the interplay between the switching\ndynamics of individual particles and the collective movement of particles in\n1-dimension. When switching is much faster than translocation, the steady state\ndensity and current profiles of the particles are homogeneous in the bulk and\nare well described by a Mean-Field (MF) theory, as determined by comparison to\na Monte Carlo simulation. In this limit, we construct a non-equilibrium phase\ndiagram. Away from this fast switching regime, the MF theory fails, although\nthe average bulk density profile still remains homogeneous. We study the steady\nstate behaviour as a function of the ratio of the translocation and net\nswitching rates, Q, and find a unique first-order phase transition at a finite\nQ associated with a discontinuous change of the bulk density. When the\nswitching rate is decreased further (keeping translocation rate fixed), the\nsystem approaches a jammed phase with a net current that tends to zero as J ~\n1/Q."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reweight-annealing method for calculating the value of partition\n  function via quantum Monte Carlo: Efficient and accurate algorithm for partition function, free energy and\nthermal entropy calculations is of great significance in statistical physics\nand quantum many-body physics. Here we present an unbiased but\nlow-technical-barrier algorithm within the quantum Monte Carlo framework, which\nhas exceptionally high accuracy and no systemic error. Compared with the\nconventional specific heat integral method and Wang-Landau sampling algorithm,\nour method can obtain a much more accurate result of the sub-leading\ncoefficient of the entropy. This method can be widely used in both classical\nand quantum Monte Carlo simulations and is easy to be parallelized on computer.",
        "positive": "Cluster Algorithm for hard spheres and related systems: In this paper, we present a cluster algorithm for the simulation of hard\nspheres and related systems. In this algorithm, a copy of the configuration is\nrotated with respect to a randomly chosen pivot point. The two systems are then\nsuperposed, and clusters of overlapping spheres in the joint system are\nisolated. Each of these clusters can be ``flipped'' independently, a process\nwhich generates non-local moves in the original configuration. A generalization\nof this algorithm (which works perfectly well at small density) can be\nsuccessfully made to work at densities around the solid-liquid transition point\nin the two-dimensional hard-sphere system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An improved effective field theory formulation of spin-1 Ising systems\n  with arbitrary coordination number z: An improved unified formulation based on the effective field theory is\nintroduced for a spin-1 Ising model with nearest neighbor interactions with\narbitrary coordination number z. Present formulation is capable of calculating\nall the multi-spin correlations systematically in a representative manner, as\nwell as its single site counterparts in the system and gives much better\nresults for critical temperature, in comparison with the other works in the\nliterature. The formulation can be easily used to various kinds of spin-1 Ising\nmodels, as long as the system contains only the nearest neighbor interactions\nas spin-spin interactions.",
        "positive": "Functions of linear operators: Parameter differentiation: We derive a useful expression for the matrix elements $[\\frac{\\partial\nf[A(t)]}{\\partial t}]_{i j}$ of the derivative of a function $f[A(t)]$ of a\ndiagonalizable linear operator $A(t)$ with respect to the parameter $t$. The\nfunction $f[A(t)]$ is supposed to be an operator acting on the same space as\nthe operator $A(t)$. We use the basis which diagonalizes A(t), i.e., $A_{i\nj}=\\lambda_i \\delta_{i j}$, and obtain $[\\frac{\\partial f[A(t)]}{\\partial\nt}]_{i j}=[\\frac{\\partial A}{\\partial t}]_ {i j}\\frac{f(\\lambda_j) -\nf(\\lambda_i)} {\\lambda_j - \\lambda_i}$. In addition to this, we show that\nfurther elaboration on the (not necessarily simple) integral expressions given\nby Wilcox 1967 (who basically considered $f[A(t)]$ of the exponential type) and\ngeneralized by Rajagopal 1998 (who extended Wilcox results by considering\n$f[A(t)]$ of the $q$-exponential type where $\\exp_q(x) \\equiv\n[1+(1-q)x]^{1/(1-q)}$ with $q \\in {\\cal {R}}$; hence, $\\exp_1 (x)=\\exp(x))$\nyields this same expression. Some of the lemmas first established by the above\nauthors are easily recovered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Zero range model of traffic flow: A multi--cluster model of traffic flow is studied, in which the motion of\ncars is described by a stochastic master equation. Assuming that the escape\nrate from a cluster depends only on the cluster size, the dynamics of the model\nis directly mapped to the mathematically well-studied zero-range process.\nKnowledge of the asymptotic behaviour of the transition rates for large\nclusters allows us to apply an established criterion for phase separation in\none-dimensional driven systems. The distribution over cluster sizes in our\nzero-range model is given by a one--step master equation in one dimension. It\nprovides an approximate mean--field dynamics, which, however, leads to the\nexact stationary state. Based on this equation, we have calculated the critical\ndensity at which phase separation takes place. We have shown that within a\ncertain range of densities above the critical value a metastable homogeneous\nstate exists before coarsening sets in. Within this approach we have estimated\nthe critical cluster size and the mean nucleation time for a condensate in a\nlarge system. The metastablity in the zero-range process is reflected in a\nmetastable branch of the fundamental flux--density diagram of traffic flow. Our\nwork thus provides a possible analytical description of traffic jam formation\nas well as important insight into condensation in the zero-range process.",
        "positive": "Theory of continuum percolation III. Low density expansion: We use a previously introduced mapping between the continuum percolation\nmodel and the Potts fluid (a system of interacting s-states spins which are\nfree to move in the continuum) to derive the low density expansion of the pair\nconnectedness and the mean cluster size. We prove that given an adequate\nidentification of functions, the result is equivalent to the density expansion\nderived from a completely different point of view by Coniglio et al. [J. Phys A\n10, 1123 (1977)] to describe physical clustering in a gas. We then apply our\nexpansion to a system of hypercubes with a hard core interaction. The\ncalculated critical density is within approximately 5% of the results of\nsimulations, and is thus much more precise than previous theoretical results\nwhich were based on integral equations. We suggest that this is because\nintegral equations smooth out overly the partition function (i.e., they\ndescribe predominantly its analytical part), while our method targets instead\nthe part which describes the phase transition (i.e., the singular part)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite coupling effects in double quantum dots near equilibrium: A weak coupling quantum master equation provides reliable steady-state\nresults only in the van Hove limit, i.e., when the system-lead coupling\napproaches zero. Recently, J. Thingna et al. [Phys. Rev. E 88, 052127 (2013)]\nproposed an alternative approach, based on an analytic continuation of the\nRedfield solution, to evaluate the reduced density matrix up to second order in\nthe system-bath coupling. The approach provides accurate results for harmonic\noscillator and spin-bosonic systems. We apply this approach to study fermionic\nsystems and the calculation on an exactly solvable double quantum dot system\nshows that the method is rigorously valid only near equilibrium, i.e., linear\nresponse regime. We further compare to the Redfield and the secular Redfield\n(Lindblad-type) master equations that are inaccurate in all parameter regimes.\nLastly, we consider the non-trivial problem of strong Coulomb interaction and\nillustrate the interplay between system-lead coupling, inter-dot tunneling, and\nCoulomb strength that can be captured only via the analytic continuation\nmethod.",
        "positive": "Slowly Driven Sandpile Formation with Granular Mixtures: We introduce a one-dimensional sandpile model with $N$ different particle\ntypes and an infinitesimal driving rate. The parameters for the model are the\nN^2 critical slopes for one type of particle on top of another. The model is\ntrivial when N=1, but for N=2 we observe four broad classes of sandpile\nstructure in different regions of the parameter space. We describe and explain\nthe behaviour of each of these classes, giving quantitative analysis wherever\npossible. The behaviour of sandpiles with N>2 essentially consists of\ncombinations of these four classes. We investigate the model's robustness and\nhighlight the key areas that any experiment designed to reproduce these results\nshould focus on."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topologically-constrained fluctuations and thermodynamics regulate\n  nonequilibrium response: Limits on a system's response to external perturbations inform our\nunderstanding of how physical properties can be shaped by microscopic\ncharacteristics. Here, we derive constraints on the steady-state nonequilibrium\nresponse of physical observables in terms of the topology of the microscopic\nstate space and the strength of thermodynamic driving. Notably, evaluation of\nthese limits requires no kinetic information beyond the state-space structure.\nWhen applied to models of receptor binding, we find that sensitivity is bounded\nby the steepness of a Hill function with a Hill coefficient enhanced by the\nchemical driving beyond the structural equilibrium limit.",
        "positive": "From elongated spanning trees to vicious random walks: Given a spanning forest on a large square lattice, we consider by\ncombinatorial methods a correlation function of $k$ paths ($k$ is odd) along\nbranches of trees or, equivalently, $k$ loop--erased random walks. Starting and\nending points of the paths are grouped in a fashion a $k$--leg watermelon. For\nlarge distance $r$ between groups of starting and ending points, the ratio of\nthe number of watermelon configurations to the total number of spanning trees\nbehaves as $r^{-\\nu} \\log r$ with $\\nu = (k^2-1)/2$. Considering the spanning\nforest stretched along the meridian of this watermelon, we see that the\ntwo--dimensional $k$--leg loop--erased watermelon exponent $\\nu$ is converting\ninto the scaling exponent for the reunion probability (at a given point) of $k$\n(1+1)--dimensional vicious walkers, $\\tilde{\\nu} = k^2/2$. Also, we express the\nconjectures about the possible relation to integrable systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A portable and flexible implementation of the Wang--Landau algorithm in\n  order to determine the Density of States: In this work we develop an implementation of the Wang--Landau algorithm\n[Phys. Rev. Lett. \\textbf{86}, 2050-2053 (2001)]. This algorithm allows us to\nfind the density of states (DOS), a function that, for a given system,\ndescribes the proportion of states that have a certain energy. The\nimplementation uses the Python language for the algorithm itself, and it can\ntake advantage of any library, such as the powerful LAMMPS library, for the\ncomputation of energy. Therefore, the resulting implementation is simple and\nflexible without sacrificing efficiency. This implementation also considers\nrecent developments in the parallelization of the code for faster computation.\nWe establish the soundness and effectiveness of our implementation by studying\nwell-known systems such as the Ising model, the Lennard--Jones and EAM solids.\nWe have found that our implementation can find the DOS with very good precision\nin a reasonable amount of time. Therefore, we are equipped with a very powerful\nand flexible implementation that can be easily used in order to study more\nrealistic models of matter.",
        "positive": "Multi-Relevance: Coexisting but Distinct Notions of Scale in Large\n  Systems: Renormalization group (RG) methods are emerging as tools in biology and\ncomputer science to support the search for simplifying structure in\ndistributions over high-dimensional spaces. We show that mixture models can be\nthought of as having multiple coexisting, exactly independent RG flows, each\nwith its own notion of scale. We define this property as ``multi-relevance''.\nAs an example, we construct a model that has two distinct notions of scale,\neach corresponding to the state of an unobserved categorical variable. In the\nregime where this latent variable can be inferred using a linear classifier,\nthe vertex expansion approach in non-perturbative RG can be applied\nsuccessfully but will give different answers depending the choice of expansion\npoint in state space. In the regime where linear estimation of the latent state\nfails, we show that the vertex expansion predicts a decrease in the total\nnumber of relevant couplings from four to three and does not admit a good\npolynomial truncation scheme. This indicates oversimplification. One\nconsequence of this is that principal component analysis (PCA) may be a poor\nchoice of coarse-graining scheme in multi-relevant systems, since it imposes a\nnotion of scale which is incorrect from the RG perspective. Taken together, our\nresults indicate that RG and PCA can lead to oversimplification when\nmulti-relevance is present and not accounted for."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The grand canonical ABC model: a reflection asymmetric mean field Potts\n  model: We investigate the phase diagram of a three-component system of particles on\na one-dimensional filled lattice, or equivalently of a one-dimensional\nthree-state Potts model, with reflection asymmetric mean field interactions.\nThe three types of particles are designated as $A$, $B$, and $C$. The system is\ndescribed by a grand canonical ensemble with temperature $T$ and chemical\npotentials $T\\lambda_A$, $T\\lambda_B$, and $T\\lambda_C$. We find that for\n$\\lambda_A=\\lambda_B=\\lambda_C$ the system undergoes a phase transition from a\nuniform density to a continuum of phases at a critical temperature $\\hat\nT_c=(2\\pi/\\sqrt3)^{-1}$. For other values of the chemical potentials the system\nhas a unique equilibrium state. As is the case for the canonical ensemble for\nthis $ABC$ model, the grand canonical ensemble is the stationary measure\nsatisfying detailed balance for a natural dynamics. We note that $\\hat\nT_c=3T_c$, where $T_c$ is the critical temperature for a similar transition in\nthe canonical ensemble at fixed equal densities $r_A=r_B=r_C=1/3$.",
        "positive": "Finite temperature crossover from a crystalline to a cluster phase for a\n  confined finite chain of ions: Employing Monte-Carlo simulation techniques we investigate the statistical\nproperties of equally charged particles confined in a one-dimensional box trap\nand detect a crossover from a crystalline to a cluster phase with increasing\ntemperature. The corresponding transition temperature depends separately on the\nnumber of particles N and the box size L, implying non-extensivity due to the\nlong-range character of the interactions. The probability density of the\nspacing between the particles exhibits at low temperatures an accumulation of\ndiscrete peaks with an overall asymmetric shape. In the vicinity of the\ntransition temperature it is of a Gaussian form whereas in the high temperature\nregime an exponential decay is observed. The high temperature behaviour shows a\ncluster phase with a mean cluster size that first increases with the\ntemperature and then saturates. The crossover is clearly identifiable also in\nthe non-linear behaviour of the heat capacity with varying temperature. The\ninfluence of the trapping potential on the observed results as well as possible\nexperimental realizations are briefly addressed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization group and 1/N expansion for 3-dimensional\n  Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson models: A renormalization-group scheme is developed for the 3-dimensional\nO($2N$)-symmetric Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson model, which is consistent with the\nuse of a 1/N expansion as a systematic method of approximation. It is motivated\nby an application to the critical properties of superconductors, reported in a\nseparate paper. Within this scheme, the infrared stable fixed point controlling\ncritical behaviour appears at $z=0$, where $z=\\lambda^{-1}$ is the inverse of\nthe quartic coupling constant, and an efficient renormalization procedure\nconsists in the minimal subtraction of ultraviolet divergences at $z=0$. This\nscheme is implemented at next-to-leading order, and the standard results for\ncritical exponents calculated by other means are recovered. An apparently novel\nresult of this non-perturbative method of approximation is that corrections to\nscaling (or confluent singularities) do not, as in perturbative analyses,\nappear as simple power series in the variable $y=zt^{\\omega\\nu}$. At least in\nthree dimensions, the power series are modified by powers of $\\ln y$.",
        "positive": "Dimers on a simple-quartic net with a vacancy: A seminal milestone in lattice statistics is the exact solution of the\nenumeration of dimers on a simple-quartic net obtained by Fisher,Kasteleyn, and\nTemperley (FKT) in 1961. An outstanding related and yet unsolved problem is the\nenumeration of dimers on a net with vacant sites. Here we consider this\nvacant-site problem with a single vacancy occurring at certain specific sites\non the boundary of a simple-quartic net. First, using a bijection between dimer\nand spanning tree configurations due to Temperley, Kenyon, Propp, and Wilson,\nwe establish that the dimer generating function is independent of the location\nof the vacancy, and deduce a closed-form expression for the generating\nfunction. We next carry out finite-size analyses of this solution as well as\nthat of the FKT solution. Our analyses lead to a logarithmic correction term in\nthe large-size expansion for the vacancy problem with free boundary conditions.\nA concrete example exhibiting this difference is given. We also find the\ncentral charge c=-2 in the language of conformal field theory for the vacancy\nproblem, as versus the value c=1 when there is no vacancy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometrical aspects in the analysis of microcanonical phase-transitions: In the present work, we discuss how the functional form of thermodynamic\nobservables can be deduced from the geometric properties of subsets of phase\nspace. The geometric quantities taken into account are mainly extrinsic\ncurvatures of the energy level sets of the Hamiltonian of a system under\ninvestigation. In particular, it turns out that peculiar behaviours of\nthermodynamic observables at a phase transition point are rooted in more\nfundamental changes of the geometry of the energy level sets in phase space.\nMore specifically, we discuss how microcanonical and geometrical descriptions\nof phase-transitions are shaped in the special case of $\\phi^4$ models with\neither nearest-neighbours and mean-field interactions.",
        "positive": "Active particles with soft and curved walls: Equation of state,\n  ratchets, and instabilities: We study, from first principles, the pressure exerted by an active fluid of\nspherical particles on general boundaries in two dimensions. We show that,\ndespite the non-uniform pressure along curved walls, an equation of state is\nrecovered upon a proper spatial averaging. This holds even in the presence of\npairwise interactions between particles or when asymmetric walls induce ratchet\ncurrents, which are accompanied by spontaneous shear stresses on the walls. For\nflexible obstacles, the pressure inhomogeneities lead to a modulational\ninstability as well as to the spontaneous motion of short semi-flexible\nfilaments. Finally, we relate the force exerted on objects immersed in active\nbaths to the particle flux they generate around them."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Organization and dissipation of currents in non-equilibrium\n  thermodynamics: A dynamical theory for the organization and dissipation of a current in a\nnon-equilibrium fluid near equilibrium is presented. This is based on the\nLyapunov exponents of the phase space of the system.",
        "positive": "Approach to Equilibrium of a Nondegenerate Quantum System: Decay of\n  Oscillations and Detailed Balance as Separate Effects of a Reservoir: The approach to equilibrium of a nondegenerate quantum system involves the\ndamping of microscopic population oscillations, and, additionally, the bringing\nabout of detailed balance, i.e. the achievement of the correct Boltzmann\nfactors relating the populations. These two are separate effects of interaction\nwith a reservoir. One stems from the randomization of phases and the other from\nphase space considerations. Even the meaning of the word `phase' differs\ndrastically in the two instances in which it appears in the previous statement.\nIn the first case it normally refers to quantum phases whereas in the second it\ndescribes the multiplicity of reservoir states that corresponds to each system\nstate. The generalized master equation theory for the time evolution of such\nsystems is here developed in a transparent manner and both effects of reservoir\ninteractions are addressed in a unified fashion. The formalism is illustrated\nin simple cases including in the standard spin-boson situation wherein a\nquantum dimer is in interaction with a bath consisting of harmonic oscillators.\nThe theory has been constructed for application in energy transfer in molecular\naggregates and in photosynthetic reaction centers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Oscillator in the Thermostat as a Model in the Thermodynamics of\n  Open Quantum Systems: The quantum oscillator in the thermostat is considered as the model of an\nopen quantum system. Our analysis will be heavily founded on the use of the\nSchroedinger generalized uncertainties relations (SUR). Our first aim is to\ndemonstrate that for the quantum oscillator the state of thermal equilibrium\nbelongs to the correlated coherent states (CCS), which imply the saturation of\nSUR at any temperature. The obtained results open the perspective for the\nsearch of some statistical theory, which unifies the elements of quantum\nmechanics and GDT; this in turn will give the foundation for the modification\nof the standard thermodynamics.",
        "positive": "Multipole conservation laws and subdiffusion in any dimension: Subdiffusion is a generic feature of chaotic many-body dynamics with\nmultipole conservation laws and subsystem symmetries. We numerically study this\nsubdiffusive dynamics, using quantum automaton random unitary circuits, in a\nbroad range of models including one dimensional models with dipole and\nquadrupole conservation, two dimensional models with dipole conservation, and\ntwo dimensional models with subsystem symmetry on the triangular lattice. Our\nresults are in complete agreement with recent hydrodynamic predictions for such\ntheories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Numerical Stationary Distribution of Overdamped Langevin Equation\n  in Harmonic System: Efficient numerical algorithm for stochastic differential equation has been\nan important object in the research of statistical physics and mathematics for\na long time. In this paper we study the highly accurate numerical algorithm of\nthe overdamped Langevin equation. In particular, our interest is the behaviour\nof the numerical schemes for solving the overdamped Langevin equation in the\nharmonic system. Three algorithms are obtained for overdamped Langevin\nequation, from the large friction limit of the schemes for underdamped Langevin\ndynamics. We derive the explicit expression of the stationary distribution of\neach algorithm by analysing the discrete time trajectory, for both\none-dimensional and multi-dimensional cases. The accuracy of the stationary\ndistribution of each algorithm is illustrated by comparing to the exact\nBoltzmann distribution. Our results demonstrate that, the \"BAOA-limit\"\nalgorithm generates the exact distribution for the harmonic system in the\ncanonical ensemble, within the stable regime of the time interval. The other\nalgorithms do not produce the exact distribution of the harmonic system.",
        "positive": "Supersolid and the non-uniform condensate: We construct a model of non-uniform condensate having a spatially modulated\ncomplex order parameter that makes it kinematically an x-ray solid, i.e., a\nreal mass density wave, but one admitting an associated superfluid flow.\nIntrinsic to this state is a non-classical translational inertia which we\nderive for the case of a potential flow. Connection to the non-classical\nrotational inertia observed in recent experiments on solid helium-4 is\ndiscussed. Our semi-phenomenological treatment suggests a flow-induced\nsupersolid-to-superdfluid transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Domain wall dynamics in classical spin chains: free propagation,\n  subdiffusive spreading, and soliton emission: The non-equilibrium dynamics of domain wall initial states in a classical\nanisotropic Heisenberg chain exhibits a striking coexistence of apparently\nlinear and non-linear behaviours: the propagation and spreading of the domain\nwall can be captured quantitatively by \\textit{linear}, i.e. non-interacting,\nspin wave theory absent its usual justifications; while, simultaneously, for a\nwide range of easy-plane anisotropies, emission can take place of stable\ntopological solitons -- a process and objects intrinsically associated with\ninteractions and non-linearities. The easy-axis domain wall only has transient\ndynamics, the isotropic one broadens diffusively, while the easy-plane one\nyields a pair of ballistically counter-propagating domain walls which,\nunusually, broaden \\textit{subdiffusively}, their width scaling as $t^{1/3}$.",
        "positive": "Crowd behaves as excitable media during Mexican wave: Mexican wave, or La Ola, first widely broadcasted during the 1986 World Cup\nheld in Mexico, is a human wave moving along the stands of stadiums as one\nsection of spectators stands up, arms lifting, then sits down as the next\nsection does the same. Here we use variants of models originally developed for\nthe description of excitable media to demonstrate that this collective human\nbehaviour can be quantitatively interpreted by methods of statistical physics.\nAdequate modelling of reactions to triggering attempts provides a deeper\ninsight into the mechanisms by which a crowd can be stimulated to execute a\nparticular pattern of behaviour and represents a possible tool of control\nduring events involving excited groups of people."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hidden Critical Points in the Two-Dimensional $O(n>2)$ model: Exact\n  Numerical Study of a Complex Conformal Field Theory: The presence of nearby conformal field theories (CFTs) hidden in the complex\nplane of the tuning parameter was recently proposed as an elegant explanation\nfor the ubiquity of \"weakly first-order\" transitions in condensed matter and\nhigh-energy systems. In this work, we perform an exact microscopic study of\nsuch a complex CFT (CCFT) in the two-dimensional $O(n)$ loop model. The\nwell-known absence of symmetry-breaking of the $O(n>2)$ model is understood as\narising from the displacement of the non-trivial fixed points into the complex\ntemperature plane. Thanks to a numerical finite-size study of the transfer\nmatrix, we confirm the presence of a CCFT in the complex plane and extract the\nreal and imaginary parts of the central charge and scaling dimensions. By\ncomparing those with the analytic continuation of predictions from Coulomb gas\ntechniques, we determine the range of validity of the analytic continuation to\nextend up to $n_g \\approx 12.34$, beyond which the CCFT gives way to a gapped\nstate. Finally, we propose a beta function which reproduces the main features\nof the phase diagram and which suggests an interpretation of the CCFT as a\nliquid-gas critical point at the end of a first-order transition line.",
        "positive": "Surface critical properties of the three-dimensional clock model: Using Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling analysis, we show that\nthe $q$-state clock model with $q=6$ on the simple cubic lattice with open\nsurfaces has a rich phase diagram; in particular, it has an extraordinary-log\nphase, besides the ordinary and extraordinary transitions at the bulk critical\npoint. We prove numerically that the presence of the intermediate\nextraordinary-log phase is due to the emergence of an O(2) symmetry in the\nsurface state before the surface enters the $Z_{q}$ symmetry-breaking region as\nthe surface coupling is increased at the bulk critical point, while O(2)\nsymmetry emerges for the bulk. The critical behaviors of the extraordinary-log\ntransition, as well as the ordinary and the special transition separating the\nordinary and the extraordinary-log transition are obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Structure Factor of a Phase Separating Binary Mixture with Natural and\n  Forceful Interconversion of Species: Using a modified Cahn-Hilliard-Cook theory for spinodal decomposition in a\nbinary mixture that exhibits both diffusion and interconversion dynamics, we\nderive the time-dependent structure factor for concentration fluctuations. We\ncompare the theory and obtain a qualitative agreement with simulations of the\ntemporal evolution of the order parameter and structure factor in a\nnonequilibrium Ising/lattice-gas hybrid model in the presence of an external\nsource of forceful interconversion. In particular, the characteristic size of\nthe steady-state phase domain is predicted from the lower cut-off wavenumber of\nthe amplification factor in the generalized spinodal-decomposition theory.",
        "positive": "Relaxation and entropy generation after quenching quantum spin chains: This work considers entropy generation and relaxation in quantum quenches in\nthe Ising and $3$-state Potts spin chains. In the absence of explicit symmetry\nbreaking we find universal ratios involving R\\'enyi entropy growth rates and\nmagnetisation relaxation for small quenches. We also demonstrate that the\nmagnetisation relaxation rate provides an observable signature for the\n\"dynamical Gibbs effect\" which is a recently discovered characteristic\nnon-monotonous behaviour of entropy growth linked to changes in the\nquasi-particle spectrum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite size effects around pseudo-transition in one-dimensional models\n  with nearest neighbor interaction: Recently gigantic peaks in thermodynamic response functions have been\nobserved at finite temperature for one-dimensional models with short-range\ncoupling, closely resembling a second-order phase transition. Thus, we will\nanalyze the finite temperature pseudo-transition property observed in some\none-dimensional models and its relationship with finite size effect. In\nparticular, we consider two chain models to study the finite size effects;\nthese are the Ising-Heisenberg tetrahedral chain and an Ising-Heisenberg-type\nladder model. Although the anomalous peaks of these one-dimensional models have\nalready been studied in the thermodynamic limit, here we will discuss the\nfinite size effects of the chain and why the peaks do not diverge in the\nthermodynamic limit. So, we discuss the dependence of the finite size effects,\nfor moderately and sufficiently large systems, in which the specific heat and\nmagnetic susceptibility exhibit peculiar rounded towering peaks for a given\ntemperature. This behavior is quite similar to a continuous phase transition,\nbut there is no singularity. For moderately large systems, the peaks narrow and\nincrease in height as the number of unit cells is increased, and the location\nof peak shifts slightly. Hence, one can naively induce that the sharp peak\nshould lead to a divergence in the thermodynamic limit. However, for a rather\nlarge system, the height of a peak goes asymptotically to a finite value. Our\nresult confirms the dependence of the peak height with the number of unit cells\nat the pseudo-critical temperature. We also provide an alternative empirical\nfunction that satisfactorily fits specific heat and magnetic susceptibility at\npseudo-critical temperature. Certainly, our result is crucial to understand the\nfinite size correction behavior in quantum spin models, which in general are\nonly numerically tractable within the framework of the finite size analysis.",
        "positive": "The sine-Gordon model from coupled condensates: a Generalized\n  Hydrodynamics viewpoint: The sine-Gordon model captures the low-energy effective dynamics of a wealth\nof one-dimensional quantum systems, stimulating the experimental efforts in\nbuilding a versatile quantum simulator of this field theory and fueling the\nparallel development of new theoretical toolkits able to capture\nfar-from-equilibrium settings. In this work, we analyze the realization of\nsine-Gordon from the interference pattern of two one-dimensional\nquasicondensates: we argue the emergent field theory is well described by its\nclassical limit and develop its large-scale description based on Generalized\nHydrodynamics. We show how, despite sine-Gordon being an integrable field\ntheory, trap-induced inhomogeneities cause instabilities of excitations and\nprovide exact analytical results to capture this effect."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Mechanics of Glass Formation in Molecular Liquids with OTP\n  as an Example: We extend our statistical mechanical theory of the glass transition from\nexamples consisting of point particles to molecular liquids with internal\ndegrees of freedom. As before, the fundamental assertion is that super-cooled\nliquids are ergodic, although becoming very viscous at lower temperatures, and\nare therefore describable in principle by statistical mechanics. The theory is\nbased on analyzing the local neighborhoods of each molecule, and a statistical\nmechanical weight is assigned to every possible local organization. This\nresults in an approximate theory that is in very good agreement with\nsimulations regarding both thermodynamical and dynamical properties.",
        "positive": "Mean Back Relaxation for Position and Densities: Correlation functions are a standard tool for analyzing statistical particle\ntrajectories. Recently, a so called mean back relaxation (MBR) has been\nintroduced, which correlates positions at three time points and which has been\nshown to be a marker for breakage of time reversal symmetry for confined\nparticles. Here, we extend this discussion in several ways. We give an\nextension to multiple dimensions. Using a path integral approach, we provide a\ngeneral expression for MBR in terms of multipoint density correlations. For\nGaussian systems, this expression yields a relation between MBR and mean\nsquared displacement. From it, several properties of MBR for Gaussian\nequilibrium systems can be found, such as monotonicity and positivity.\nUnexpectedly, in this case the particle forgets the conditioning via a power\nlaw in time. We finally demonstrate that using MBR for microscopic densities,\nit is a marker for broken detailed balance even in bulk systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Three-state active lattice gas: a discrete Vicseklike model with\n  excluded volume: We study a discrete-space model of active matter with excluded volume.\nParticles are restricted to the sites of a triangular lattice, and can assume\none of three orientations. Varying the density and noise intensity, Monte Carlo\nsimulations reveal a variety of spatial patterns. Ordered states occur in the\nform of condensed structures, which (away from the full occupancy limit)\ncoexist with a low-density vapor. The condensed structures feature low particle\nmobility, particularly those that wrap the system via the periodic boundaries.\nAs the noise intensity is increased, dense structures give way to a disordered\nphase. We characterize the parameter values associated with the condensed\nphases and perform a detailed study of the order-disorder transition at (1)\nfull occupation and (2) at a density of 0.1. In the former case, the model\npossesses the same symmetry as the three-state Potts model and exhibits a\ncontinuous phase transition, as expected, with critical exponents consistent\nwith those of the associated Potts model. In the low-density case, the\ntransition is clearly discontinuous, with strong dependence of the final state\nupon the initial configuration, hysteresis,and nonmonotonic dependence of the\nBinder cumulant upon noise intensity.",
        "positive": "Fancy and facts in the (d - 2) expansion of non-linear sigma models: We review the existing results on the scaling dimensions of operators with\nmore than two derivatives in the non-linear sigma models. We argue that the\nspeculations on the relevance of these operators, and correspondingly on the\nbreakdown of the $(d-2)$ expansion for the classical Heisenberg model, or for\nthe one-parameter scaling theory of localization, are based on a dubious\nmathematical analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature anomalies of oscillating diffusion in ac-driven periodic\n  systems: We analyse the impact of temperature on the diffusion coefficient of an\ninertial Brownian particle moving in a symmetric periodic potential and driven\nby a symmetric time-periodic force. Recent studies have revealed the low\nfriction regime in which the diffusion coefficient shows giant damped\nquasi-periodic oscillations as a function of the amplitude of the time-periodic\nforce [I. G. Marchenko et al., Chaos 32, 113106 (2022)]. We find out that when\ntemperature grows the diffusion coefficient increases at its minima, however,\nit decreases at the maxima within a finite temperature window. This curious\nbehavior is explained in terms of the deterministic dynamics perturbed by\nthermal fluctuations and mean residence time of the particle in the locked and\nrunning trajectories. We demonstrate that temperature dependence of the\ndiffusion coefficient can be accurately reconstructed from the stationary\nprobability to occupy the running trajectories.",
        "positive": "The Olami-Feder-Christensen model on a small-world topology: We study the effects of the topology on the Olami-Feder-Christensen (OFC)\nmodel, an earthquake model of self-organized criticality. In particular, we\nconsider a 2D square lattice and a random rewiring procedure with a parameter\n$0<p<1$ that allows to tune the interaction graph, in a continuous way, from\nthe initial local connectivity to a random graph. The main result is that the\nOFC model on a small-world topology exhibits self-organized criticality deep\nwithin the non-conservative regime, contrary to what happens in the\nnearest-neighbors model. The probability distribution for avalanche size obeys\nfinite size scaling, with universal critical exponents in a wide range of\nvalues of the rewiring probability $p$. The pdf's cutoff can be fitted by a\nstretched exponential function with the stretching exponent approaching unity\nwithin the small-world region."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous kinetics of attractive $A+B \\to 0$ reactions: We investigate the kinetics of $A+B \\to 0$ reaction with the local attractive\ninteraction between opposite species in one spatial dimension. The attractive\ninteraction leads to isotropic diffusions inside segregated single species\ndomains, and accelerates the reactions of opposite species at the domain\nboundaries. At equal initial densities of $A$ and $B$, we analytically and\nnumerically show that the density of particles ($\\rho$), the size of domains\n($\\ell$), the distance between the closest neighbor of same species\n($\\ell_{AA}$), and the distance between adjacent opposite species ($\\ell_{AB}$)\nscale in time as $\\rho \\sim t^{-1/3}$, $\\ell_{AA} \\sim t^{1/3}$, and $\\ell \\sim\n\\ell_{AB} \\sim t^{2/3}$ respectively. These dynamical exponents form a new\nuniversality class distinguished from the class of uniformly driven systems of\nhard-core particles.",
        "positive": "A simple particle model for a system of coupled equations with absorbing\n  collision term: We study a particle model for a simple system of partial differential\nequations describing, in dimension $d\\geq 2$, a two component mixture where\nlight particles move in a medium of absorbing, fixed obstacles; the system\nconsists in a transport and a reaction equation coupled through pure absorption\ncollision terms. We consider a particle system where the obstacles, of radius\n$\\var$, become inactive at a rate related to the number of light particles\ntravelling in their range of influence at a given time and the light particles\nare instantaneously absorbed at the first time they meet the physical boundary\nof an obstacle; elements belonging to the same species do not interact among\nthemselves. We prove the convergence (a.s. w.r.t. the product measure\nassociated to the initial datum for the light particle component) of the\ndensities describing the particle system to the solution of the system of\npartial differential equations in the asymptotics $ a_n^d n^{-\\kappa}\\to 0$ and\n$a_n^d \\var^{\\zeta}\\to 0$, for $\\kappa\\in(0,\\frac 12)$ and $\\zeta\\in (0,\\frac12\n- \\frac 1{2d})$, where $a_n^{-1}$ is the effective range of the obstacles and\n$n$ is the total number of light particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of Intense Turbulent Vorticity Events: We investigate statistical properties of vorticity fluctuations in fully\ndeveloped turbulence, which are known to exhibit a strong intermittent\nbehavior. Taking as the starting point the Navier-Stokes equations with a\nrandom force term correlated at large scales, we obtain in the high Reynolds\nnumber regime a closed analytical expression for the probability distribution\nfunction of an arbitrary component of the vorticity field. The central idea\nunderlying the analysis consists in the phase-space restriction to a particular\nsector where the rate of strain and the rotation tensors can be locally\nregarded as slow and fast degrees of freedom, respectively. This prescription\nis implemented along the Martin-Siggia-Rose functional framework, whereby\ninstantons and perturbations around them are taken into account within a\nsteepest-descent approach.",
        "positive": "Discovering Phase Transitions with Unsupervised Learning: Unsupervised learning is a discipline of machine learning which aims at\ndiscovering patterns in big data sets or classifying the data into several\ncategories without being trained explicitly. We show that unsupervised learning\ntechniques can be readily used to identify phases and phases transitions of\nmany body systems. Starting with raw spin configurations of a prototypical\nIsing model, we use principal component analysis to extract relevant low\ndimensional representations the original data and use clustering analysis to\nidentify distinct phases in the feature space. This approach successfully finds\nout physical concepts such as order parameter and structure factor to be\nindicators of the phase transition. We discuss future prospects of discovering\nmore complex phases and phase transitions using unsupervised learning\ntechniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Intrinsic Ratchets: We present a generic formalism to describe Brownian motion of particles with\nintrinsic asymmetry and give predictions for the drift behavior in unbiased\ntime-dependent force fields. Our findings are supported by molecular dynamics\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Rheology of dilute granular gas mixtures where the grains interact via a\n  square shoulder and well potential: We develop the rheology of a dilute granular gas mixture. Motivated by the\ninteraction of charged granular particles, we assume that the grains interact\nvia a square shoulder and well potential. Employing kinetic theory, we compute\nthe temperature and the shear viscosity as functions of the shear rate.\nNumerical simulations confirm our results above the critical shear rate. At a\nshear rate below a critical value, clustering of the particles occurs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behavior of loops and biconnected clusters on fractals of\n  dimension d < 2: We solve the O(n) model, defined in terms of self- and mutually avoiding\nloops coexisting with voids, on a 3-simplex fractal lattice, using an exact\nreal space renormalization group technique. As the density of voids is\ndecreased, the model shows a critical point, and for even lower densities of\nvoids, there is a dense phase showing power-law correlations, with critical\nexponents that depend on n, but are independent of density. At n=-2 on the\ndilute branch, a trivalent vertex defect acts as a marginal perturbation. We\ndefine a model of biconnected clusters which allows for a finite density of\nsuch vertices. As n is varied, we get a line of critical points of this\ngeneralized model, emanating from the point of marginality in the original loop\nmodel. We also study another perturbation of adding local bending rigidity to\nthe loop model, and find that it does not affect the universality class.",
        "positive": "Universal persistence exponents in an extremally driven system: The local persistence R(t), defined as the proportion of the system still in\nits initial state at time t, is measured for the Bak--Sneppen model. For 1 and\n2 dimensions, it is found that the decay of R(t) depends on one of two classes\nof initial configuration. For a subcritical initial state, R(t)\\sim\nt^{-\\theta}, where the persistence exponent \\theta can be expressed in terms of\na known universal exponent. Hence \\theta is universal. Conversely, starting\nfrom a supercritical state, R(t) decays by the anomalous form 1-R(t)\\sim\nt^{\\tau_{\\rm ALL}} until a finite time t_{0}, where \\tau_{\\rm ALL} is also a\nknown exponent. Finally, for the high dimensional model R(t) decays\nexponentially with a non--universal decay constant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of time delay on the onset of synchronization of the stochastic\n  Kuramoto model: We consider the Kuramoto model of globally coupled phase oscillators with\ntime-delayed interactions, that is subject to the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (Gaussian)\ncolored or the non-Gaussian colored noise. We investigate numerically the\ninterplay between the influences of the finite correlation time of noise $\\tau$\nand the time delay $\\tau_{d}$ on the onset of the synchronization process. Both\ncases for identical and nonidentical oscillators had been considered. Among the\nobtained results for identical oscillators is a large increase of the\nsynchronization threshold as a function of time delay for the colored\nnon-Gaussian noise compared to the case of the colored Gaussian noise at low\nnoise correlation time $\\tau$. However, the difference reduces remarkably for\nlarge noise correlation times. For the case of nonidentical oscillators, the\nincoherent state may become unstable around the maximum value of the threshold\n(as a function of time delay) even at lower coupling strength values in the\npresence of colored noise as compared to the noiseless case. We had studied the\ndependence of the critical value of the coupling strength (the threshold of\nsynchronization) on given parameters of the stochastic Kuramoto model in great\ndetails and presented results for possible cases of colored Gaussian and\nnon-Gaussian noises.",
        "positive": "Long-range interactions, doubling measures and Tsallis entropy: We present a path toward determining the statistical origin of the\nthermodynamic limit for systems with long-range interactions. We assume\nthroughout that the systems under consideration have thermodynamic properties\ngiven by the Tsallis entropy. We rely on the composition property of the\nTsallis entropy for determining effective metrics and measures on their\nconfiguration/phase spaces. We point out the significance of Muckenhoupt\nweights, of doubling measures and of doubling measure-induced metric\ndeformations of the metric. We comment on the volume deformations induced by\nthe Tsallis entropy composition and on the significance of functional spaces\nfor these constructions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatial correlations, additivity and fluctuations in conserved-mass\n  transport processes: We exactly calculate two-point spatial correlation functions in steady state\nin a broad class of conserved-mass transport processes, which are governed by\nchipping, diffusion and coalescence of masses. We find that the spatial\ncorrelations are in general short-ranged and consequently, on a large scale,\nthese conserved-mass transport processes possess a remarkable thermodynamic\nstructure in the steady state. That is, the processes have an equilibriumlike\nadditivity property, and a corresponding fluctuation-response relation, which\nhelps us to obtain subsystem mass distributions in the limit of subsystem size\nlarge.",
        "positive": "Joint distribution of currents in the symmetric exclusion process: The symmetric simple exclusion process (SEP) is a paradigmatic model of\ndiffusion in a single-file geometry, in which the particles cannot cross. In\nthis model, the study of currents have attracted a lot of attention. In\nparticular, the distribution of the integrated current through the origin, and\nmore recently, of the integrated current through a moving reference point, have\nbeen obtained in the long time limit. This latter observable is particularly\ninteresting, as it allows to obtain the distribution of the position of a\ntracer particle. However, up to now, these different observables have been\nconsidered independently. Here, we characterise the joint statistical\nproperties of these currents, and their correlations with the density of\nparticles. We show that the correlations satisfy closed integral equations,\nwhich generalise the ones obtained recently for a single observable. We also\nobtain boundary conditions verified by these correlations, which take a simple\nphysical form for any single-file system. As a consequence of our results, we\nquantify the correlations between the displacement of a tracer, and the\nintegrated current of particles through the origin."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lifetime distributions in the methods of non-equilibrium statistical\n  operator and superstatistics: A family of non-equilibrium statistical operators is introduced which differ\nby the system age distribution over which the quasi-equilibrium (relevant)\ndistribution is averaged. To describe the nonequilibrium states of a system we\nintroduce a new thermodynamic parameter - the lifetime of a system.\nSuperstatistics, introduced in works of Beck and Cohen [Physica A \\textbf{322},\n(2003), 267] as fluctuating quantities of intensive thermodynamical parameters,\nare obtained from the statistical distribution of lifetime (random time to the\nsystem degeneracy) considered as a thermodynamical parameter. It is suggested\nto set the mixing distribution of the fluctuating parameter in the\nsuperstatistics theory in the form of the piecewise continuous functions. The\ndistribution of lifetime in such systems has different form on the different\nstages of evolution of the system. The account of the past stages of the\nevolution of a system can have a substantial impact on the non-equilibrium\nbehaviour of the system in a present time moment.",
        "positive": "Diffusion coefficients for multi-step persistent random walks on\n  lattices: We calculate the diffusion coefficients of persistent random walks on\nlattices, where the direction of a walker at a given step depends on the memory\nof a certain number of previous steps. In particular, we describe a simple\nmethod which enables us to obtain explicit expressions for the diffusion\ncoefficients of walks with two-step memory on different classes of one-, two-\nand higher-dimensional lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hysteretic depinning of a particle in a periodic potential: Phase\n  diagram and criticality: We consider a massive particle driven with a constant force in a periodic\npotential and subjected to a dissipative friction. As a function of the drive\nand damping, the phase diagram of this paradigmatic model is well known to\npresent a pinned, a sliding, and a bistable regime separated by three distinct\nbifurcation lines. In physical terms, the average velocity $v$ of the particle\nis nonzero only if either (i) the driving force is large enough to remove any\nstable point, forcing the particle to slide, or (ii) there are local minima but\nthe damping is small enough, below a critical damping, for the inertia to allow\nthe particle to cross barriers and follow a limit cycle; this regime is\nbistable and whether $v > 0$ or $v = 0$ depends on the initial state. In this\npaper, we focus on the asymptotes of the critical line separating the bistable\nand the pinned regimes. First, we study its behavior near the \"triple point\"\nwhere the pinned, the bistable, and the sliding dynamical regimes meet. Just\nbelow the critical damping we uncover a critical regime, where the line\napproaches the triple point following a power-law behavior. We show that its\nexponent is controlled by the normal form of the tilted potential close to its\ncritical force. Second, in the opposite regime of very low damping, we revisit\nexisting results by providing a simple method to determine analytically the\nexact behavior of the line in the case of a generic potential. The analytical\nestimates, accurately confirmed numerically, are obtained by exploiting exact\nsoliton solutions describing the orbit in a modified tilted potential which can\nbe mapped to the original tilted washboard potential. Our methods and results\nare particularly useful for an accurate description of underdamped nonuniform\noscillators driven near their triple point.",
        "positive": "Velocity correlations in the dense granular shear flows: Effects on\n  energy dissipation and normal stress: We study the effect of pre-collisional velocity correlations on granular\nshear flow by molecular dynamics simulations of the inelastic hard sphere\nsystem. Comparison of the simulations with the kinetic theory reveals that the\ntheory overestimates both the energy dissipation rate and the normal stress in\nthe dense flow region. We find that the relative normal velocity of colliding\nparticles is smaller than that expected from random collisions, and the\ndiscrepancies in the dissipation and the normal stress can be adjusted by\nintroducing the idea of the collisional temperature, from which we conclude\nthat the velocity correlation neglected in the kinetic theory is responsible\nfor the discrepancies. Our analysis of the distributions of the pre-collisional\nvelocity suggests that the correlation grows through multiple inelastic\ncollisions during the time scale of the inverse of the shear rate. As for the\nshear stress, the discrepancy is also found in the dense region, but it depends\nstrongly on the particle inelasticity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous hydrodynamics in a class of scarred frustration-free\n  Hamiltonians: Atypical eigenstates in the form of quantum scars and fragmentation of\nHilbert space due to conservation laws provide obstructions to thermalization\nin the absence of disorder. In certain models with dipole and $U(1)$\nconservation, the fragmentation results in subdiffusive transport. In this\npaper we study the interplay between scarring and weak fragmentation giving\nrise to anomalous hydrodynamics in a class of one-dimensional spin-$1$\nfrustration-free projector Hamiltonians, known as deformed Motzkin chain. The\nground states and low-lying excitations of these chains exhibit large\nentanglement and critical slowdown. We show that at high energies the\nparticular form of the projectors causes the emergence of disjoint Krylov\nsubspaces for open boundary conditions, with an exact quantum scar being\nembedded in each subspace, leading to slow growth of entanglement and localized\ndynamics for specific out-of-equilibrium initial states. Furthermore, focusing\non infinite temperature, we unveil that spin transport is subdiffusive, which\nwe corroborate by simulations of constrained stochastic cellular automaton\ncircuits. Compared to dipole moment conserving systems, the deformed Motzkin\nchain appears to belong to a different universality class with distinct\ndynamical transport exponent and only polynomially many Krylov subspaces.",
        "positive": "Exact solution and magnetic properties of an anisotropic spin ladder: We study an integrable two-leg spin-1/2 ladder with an XYZ-type rung\ninteraction. Exact rung states and rung energies are obtained for the\nanisotropic rung coupling in the presence of a magnetic field. Magnetic\nproperties are analyzed at both zero and finite temperatures via the\nthermodynamic Bethe ansatz and the high-temperature expansion. According to\ndifferent couplings in the anisotropic rung interaction, there are two cases in\nwhich a gap opens, with the ground state involving one or two components in the\nabsence of a magnetic field. We obtain the analytic expressions of all critical\nfields for the field-induced quantum phase transitions (QPT). Anisotropic rung\ninteraction leads to such effects as separated magnetizations and\nsusceptibilities in different directions, lowered inflection points and remnant\nweak variation of the magnetization after the last QPT."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Out-of-equilibrium one-dimensional disordered dipole chain: We consider a chain of one-dimensional dipole moments connected to two\nthermal baths with different temperatures. The system is in nonequilibrium\nsteady state and heat flows through it. Assuming that fluctuation of the dipole\nmoment is a small parameter, we develop an analytically solvable model for the\nproblem. The effect of disorder is introduced by randomizing the positions of\nthe dipole moments. We show that the disorder leads to Anderson-like transition\nfrom conducting to a thermal insulating state of the chain. It is shown that\nconsidered chain supports both ballistic and diffusive heat transports\ndepending on the strength of the disorder. We demonstrate that nonequilibrium\nleads to the emergence of the long-range order between dipoles along the chain\nand make the conjecture that the interplay between nonequilibrium and\nnext-to-nearest-neighbor interactions results in the emergence of long-range\ncorrelations in low-dimensional classical systems.",
        "positive": "Sparse Autoregressive Neural Networks for Classical Spin Systems: Efficient sampling and approximation of Boltzmann distributions involving\nlarge sets of binary variables, or spins, are pivotal in diverse scientific\nfields even beyond physics. Recent advancements in generative neural networks\nhave significantly impacted this domain. However, those neural networks are\noften treated as black boxes, with architectures primarily influenced by\ndata-driven problems in computational science. Addressing this gap, we\nintroduce a novel autoregressive neural network architecture named TwoBo,\nspecifically designed for sparse two-body interacting spin systems. We directly\nincorporate the Boltzmann distribution into its architecture and parameters,\nresulting in enhanced convergence speed, superior free energy accuracy, and\nreduced trainable parameters. We perform numerical experiments on disordered,\nfrustrated systems with more than 1000 spins on grids and random graphs, and\ndemonstrated its advantages compared to previous autoregressive and recurrent\narchitectures. Our findings validate a physically informed approach and suggest\npotential extensions to multi-valued variables and many-body interaction\nsystems, paving the way for broader applications in scientific research."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical analysis of air and sea temperature anomalies: This paper presents a global air and sea temperature anomalies analysis based\nupon a combination of the wavelet multiresolution analysis and the scaling\nanalysis methods of a time series. The wavelet multiresolution analysis\ndecomposes the two temperature signals on a scale-by-scale basis. The\nscale-by-scale smooth and detail curves are compared and the correlation\ncoefficients between each couple of correspondent sets of data evaluated. The\nscaling analysis is based upon the study of the spreading and the entropy of\nthe diffusion generated by the temperature signals. Therefore, we jointly adopt\ntwo distinct methods: the Diffusion Entropy Analysis (DEA) and the Standard\nDeviation Analysis (SDA). The joint use of these two methods allows us to\nestablish with more confidence the nature of the signals, as well as their\nscaling, and it yields the discovery of a slight Levy component in the two\ntemperature data sets. Finally, the DEA and SDA are used to study the wavelet\nresiduals of the two temperature anomalies. The temporal regions of persistence\nand antipersistence of the signals are determined and the non-stationary effect\nof the 10-11 year solar cycle upon the temperature is studied. The temperature\nmonthly data cover the period from 1860 to 2000 A.D.E.",
        "positive": "Estimating differential entropy using recursive copula splitting: A method for estimating the Shannon differential entropy of multidimensional\nrandom variables using independent samples is described. The method is based on\ndecomposing the distribution into a product of the marginal distributions and\nthe joint dependency, also known as the copula. The entropy of marginals is\nestimated using one-dimensional methods. The entropy of the copula, which\nalways has a compact support, is estimated recursively by splitting the data\nalong statistically dependent dimensions. Numerical examples demonstrate that\nthe method is accurate for distributions with compact and non-compact supports,\nwhich is imperative when the support is not known or of mixed type (in\ndifferent dimensions). At high dimensions (larger than 20), our method is not\nonly more accurate, but also significantly more efficient than existing\napproaches."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantized Vortex States of Strongly Interacting Bosons in a Rotating\n  Optical Lattice: Bose gases in rotating optical lattices combine two important topics in\nquantum physics: superfluid rotation and strong correlations. In this paper, we\nexamine square two-dimensional systems at zero temperature comprised of\nstrongly repulsive bosons with filling factors of less than one atom per\nlattice site. The entry of vortices into the system is characterized by jumps\nof 2 pi in the phase winding of the condensate wavefunction. A lattice of size\nL X L can have at most L-1 quantized vortices in the lowest Bloch band. In\ncontrast to homogeneous systems, angular momentum is not a good quantum number\nsince the continuous rotational symmetry is broken by the lattice. Instead, a\nquasi-angular momentum captures the discrete rotational symmetry of the system.\nEnergy level crossings indicative of quantum phase transitions are observed\nwhen the quasi-angular momentum of the ground-state changes.",
        "positive": "Topology of space of periodic ground states in antiferromagnetic Ising\n  and Potts models in selected spatial structures: Topology of the space of periodic ground states in the antiferromagnetic\nIsing and Potts (3-state) models is analysed in selected spatial structures.\nThe states are treated as graph nodes, connected by one-spin-flip transitions.\nThe spatial structures are the triangular lattice, the Archimedean ($3,12^{2}$)\nlattice and the cubic Laves C15 lattice with the periodic boundary conditions.\nIn most cases the ground states are isolated nodes, but for selected systems we\nobtain connected graphs. The latter means that the magnetisation can vary in\ntime with zero energy cost. The ground states are classified according to their\ndegree and type of neighbours."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Probing vortex unbinding via dipole fluctuations\": We demonstrate that the method suggested by Fertig and Straley [Phys. Rev. B\n66, 201402 (2002)] for the identification of different phases in\ntwo-dimensional XY models does not allow to make any unambiguous conclusions\nand make a tentative proposal of another approach to this problem.",
        "positive": "Quantum Ising chains with boundary fields: We present a detailed study of the finite one-dimensional quantum Ising chain\nin a transverse field in the presence of boundary magnetic fields coupled with\nthe order-parameter spin operator. We consider two magnetic fields located at\nthe boundaries of the chain that have the same strength and that are aligned in\nthe same or in the opposite direction. We derive analytic expressions for the\ngap in all phases for large values of the chain length L, as a function of the\nboundary field strength. We also investigate the behavior of the chain in the\nquantum ferromagnetic phase for oppositely aligned fields, focusing on the\nmagnet-to-kink transition that occurs at a finite value of the magnetic field\nstrength. At this transition we compute analytically the finite-size crossover\nfunctions for the gap, the magnetization profile, the two-point correlation\nfunction, and the density of fermionic modes. As the magnet-to-kink transition\nis equivalent to the wetting transition in two-dimensional classical Ising\nmodels, our results provide new analytic predictions for the finite-size\nbehavior of Ising systems in a strip geometry at this transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shortest path and Schramm-Loewner Evolution: We numerically show that the statistical properties of the shortest path on\ncritical percolation clusters are consistent with the ones predicted for\nSchramm-Loewner evolution (SLE) curves for $\\kappa=1.04\\pm0.02$. The shortest\npath results from a global optimization process. To identify it, one needs to\nexplore an entire area. Establishing a relation with SLE permits to generate\ncurves statistically equivalent to the shortest path from a Brownian motion. We\nnumerically analyze the winding angle, the left passage probability, and the\ndriving function of the shortest path and compare them to the distributions\npredicted for SLE curves with the same fractal dimension. The consistency with\nSLE opens the possibility of using a solid theoretical framework to describe\nthe shortest path and it raises relevant questions regarding conformal\ninvariance and domain Markov properties, which we also discuss.",
        "positive": "Signatures of information scrambling in the dynamics of the entanglement\n  spectrum: We examine the time evolution of the entanglement spectrum of a small\nsubsystem of a non-integrable spin chain following a quench from a product\nstate. We identify signatures in this entanglement spectrum of the distinct\ndynamical velocities (related to entanglement and operator spreading) that\ncontrol thermalization. We show that the onset of level repulsion in the\nentanglement spectrum occurs on different timescales depending on the\n\"entanglement energy\", and that this dependence reflects the shape of the\noperator front. Level repulsion spreads across the entire entanglement spectrum\non timescales close to when the mutual information between individual spins at\nthe ends of the subsystem reaches its maximum; this timescale is much shorter\nthan that for full thermalization of the subsystem. We provide an analytical\nunderstanding of this phenomenon and show supporting numerical data for both\nrandom unitary circuits and a microscopic Hamiltonian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-intersection exponents of fully packed trails on the square lattice: Fully packed trails on the square lattice are known to be described, in the\nlong distance limit, by a collection of free non compact bosons and symplectic\nfermions, and thus exhibit some properties reminiscent of Brownian motion, like\nvanishing fuseau exponents. We investigate in this paper the situation for\ntheir non-intersection exponents. Our approach is purely numerical, and based\nboth on transfer matrix and Monte Carlo calculations. We find some evidence for\nnon-intersection exponents given by CFT formulas similar to the Brownian case,\nalbeit slightly different in their details.",
        "positive": "The domino effect for markets: A generalization of the Cont-Bouchaud market model to three markets agrees\nwith the correlations netween New York, Tokyo, and Frankfurt observed by\nVandewalle et al."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Are power-law distributions an equilibrium distribution or a stationary\n  nonequilibrium distribution?: We examine whether the principle of detailed balance holds for the power-law\ndistributions generated from the general Langevin equation under the\ngeneralized fluctuation-dissipation relation (FDR). With the detailed balance\nand the generalized FDR, we derive analytically the stationary power-law\ndistribution from the Ito's, Stratonovich's and Zwanzig's Fokker-Planck\nequations, and conclude that the power-law distributions can either be a\nstationary nonequilibrium distribution or an equilibrium distribution, which\ndepend on information about the form of the diffusion coefficient function, and\nthe existence and uniqueness of an equilibrium state.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Schemes of Dielectric Relaxation in Correlated-Cluster\n  Systems: Unlike the classical exponential relaxation law, the widely prevailing\nuniversal law with its fractional power-law dependence of susceptibility on\nfrequency cannot be explained in the framework of any intuitively simple\nphysical concept. The resulting constancy of the ratio of the imaginary to the\nreal parts of the complex susceptibility, known as the ``energy criterion'',\nhas a pleasing simplicity but the understanding of its origins needs a special\ntheoretical treatment. A fresh light on the stochastic nature of the dielectric\nrelaxation has been shed by a novel stochastic approach introduced in the last\ndecade. Since the theoretical analysis involved is rather unfamiliar, the aim\nof this paper is to give some useful comments and suggestions which should help\nto follow in details the proposed stochastic scheme of relaxation leading to\nthe well-known empirical responses. We justify the universality of the\npower-law macroscopic response as well as Jonscher's screening and energy\ncriterion ideas, and we give a new basis to the research into the significance\nof relaxation processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information and thermodynamics: fast and precise approach to Landauer's\n  bound in an underdamped micro-mechanical oscillator: The Landauer principle states that at least $k_B T \\ln 2$ of energy is\nrequired to erase a 1-bit memory, with $k_B T$ the thermal energy of the\nsystem. We study the effects of inertia on this bound using as one-bit memory\nan underdamped micro-mechanical oscillator confined in a double-well potential\ncreated by a feedback loop. The potential barrier is precisely tunable in the\nfew $k_B T$ range. We measure, within the stochastic thermodynamic framework,\nthe work and the heat of the erasure protocol. We demonstrate experimentally\nand theoretically that, in this underdamped system, the Landauer bound is\nreached with a 1 % uncertainty, with protocols as short as 100 ms.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic Properties of the Two-Dimensional Two-Component Plasma: The model under consideration is a two-dimensional two-component plasma,\nstable against collapse for the dimensionless coupling constant $\\beta<2$. The\ncombination of a technique of renormalized Mayer expansion with the mapping\nonto the sine-Gordon theory provides the full thermodynamics of the plasma in\nthe whole stability range of $\\beta$. The explicit forms of the\ndensity-fugacity relationship and of the specific heat (at constant volume) per\nparticle are presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evidence for Frustration Universality Classes in 3D Spin Glass Models: A recently introduced Renormalization Group approach to frustrated spin\nmodels is applied in three dimensions through Monte Carlo computations. A class\nof spin glass models is analysed, with correlated disorder variables given by a\nZ_2 gauge field. Evidence is provided for the influence of deconfinement phase\ntransition of gauge fields on the behaviour of the associated spin models,\nnamely in the transition from glassy to ferromagnetic behaviour. Universality\nclasses are determined on fundamental ground by characterizing the fixed point.\nMoreover, the RG analysis provides good estimates of the critical temperature\nand the thermal index nu, with moderate computer time.",
        "positive": "Virial coefficients in $(\\tilde\u03bc,q)$-Bose gas model related to\n  compositeness of particles and their interaction: temperature-dependence\n  problem: We establish the relation of the second virial coefficient of certain\n$(\\tilde{\\mu},q)$-deformed Bose gas model, recently proposed by the authors in\n[Ukr. J. Phys., 2013], to the interaction and compositeness parameters when\neither of these factors is taken into account separately. When the interaction\nis dealt with, the deformation parameter becomes linked directly to the\nscattering length, and the effective radius of interaction (in general, to\nscattering phases). The additionally arising temperature dependence is a new\nfeature absent in the deformed Bose gas model within adopted interpretation of\nthe deformation parameters $\\tilde{\\mu}$ and $q$. Here the problem of the\ntemperature dependence is analyzed in detail and its possible solution is\nproposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Possible thermodynamic structure underlying the laws of Zipf and Benford: We show that the laws of Zipf and Benford, obeyed by scores of numerical data\ngenerated by many and diverse kinds of natural phenomena and human activity are\nrelated to the focal expression of a generalized thermodynamic structure. This\nstructure is obtained from a deformed type of statistical mechanics that arises\nwhen configurational phase space is incompletely visited in a severe way.\nSpecifically, the restriction is that the accessible fraction of this space has\nfractal properties. The focal expression is an (incomplete) Legendre transform\nbetween two entropy (or Massieu) potentials that when particularized to first\ndigits leads to a previously existing generalization of Benford's law. The\ninverse functional of this expression leads to Zipf's law; but it naturally\nincludes the bends or tails observed in real data for small and large rank.\nRemarkably, we find that the entire problem is analogous to the transition to\nchaos via intermittency exhibited by low-dimensional nonlinear maps. Our\nresults also explain the generic form of the degree distribution of scale-free\nnetworks.",
        "positive": "Optimal navigation of microswimmers in complex and noisy environments: We design new navigation strategies for travel time optimization of\nmicroscopic self-propelled particles in complex and noisy environments. In\ncontrast to strategies relying on the results of optimal control theory, these\nprotocols allow for semi-autonomous navigation as they do not require control\nover the microswimmer motion via external feedback loops. Although the\nstrategies we propose rely on simple principles, they show arrival time\nstatistics strikingly similar to those obtained from stochastic optimal control\ntheory, as well as performances that are robust to environmental changes and\nstrong fluctuations. These features, as well as their applicability to more\ngeneral optimization problems, make these strategies promising candidates for\nthe realization of optimized semi-autonomous navigation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic theory for a simple modeling of phase transition: Dynamics out\n  of local equilibrium: This is a continuation of the previous work (Takata & Noguchi, J. Stat.\nPhys., 2018) that introduces the presumably simplest model of kinetic theory\nfor phase transition. Here, main concern is to clarify the stability of uniform\nequilibrium states in the kinetic regime, rather than that in the continuum\nlimit. It is found by the linear stability analysis that the linear neutral\ncurve is invariant with respect to the Knudsen number, though the transition\nprocess is dependent on the Knudsen number. In addition, numerical computations\nof the (nonlinear) kinetic model are performed to investigate the transition\nprocesses in detail. Numerical results show that (unexpected) incomplete\ntransitions may happen as well as clear phase transitions.",
        "positive": "Introduction to the Bethe ansatz II: Building on the fundamentals introduced in part I, we employ the Bethe ansatz\nto study some ground-state properties (energy, magnetization, susceptibility)\nof the one-dimensional s=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet in zero and nonzero\nmagnetic field. The 2-spinon triplet and singlet excitations from the\nzero-field ground state are discussed in detail, and their energies are\ncalculated for finite and infinite chains. Procedures for the numerical\ncalculation of real and complex solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations are\ndiscussed and applied. The paper is designed as a tutorial for beginning\ngraduate students. It includes 10 problems for further study."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of a colloidal particle coupled to a Gaussian field: from a\n  confinement-dependent to a non-linear memory: The effective dynamics of a colloidal particle immersed in a complex medium\nis often described in terms of an overdamped linear Langevin equation for its\nvelocity with a memory kernel which determines the effective (time-dependent)\nfriction and the correlations of fluctuations. Recently, it has been shown in\nexperiments and numerical simulations that this memory may depend on the\npossible optical confinement the particle is subject to, suggesting that this\ndescription does not capture faithfully the actual dynamics of the colloid,\neven at equilibrium. Here, we propose a different approach in which we model\nthe medium as a Gaussian field linearly coupled to the colloid. The resulting\neffective evolution equation of the colloidal particle features a non-linear\nmemory term which extends previous models and which explains qualitatively the\nexperimental and numerical evidence in the presence of confinement. This\nnon-linear term is related to the correlations of the effective noise via a\nnovel fluctuation-dissipation relation which we derive.",
        "positive": "Nonanalyticities of entropy functions of finite and infinite systems: In contrast to the canonical ensemble where thermodynamic functions are\nsmooth for all finite system sizes, the microcanonical entropy can show\nnonanalytic points also for finite systems, even if the Hamiltonian is smooth.\nThe relation between finite and infinite system nonanalyticities is illustrated\nby means of a simple classical spin-like model which is exactly solvable for\nboth, finite and infinite system sizes, showing a phase transition in the\nlatter case. The microcanonical entropy is found to have exactly one\nnonanalytic point in the interior of its domain. For all finite system sizes,\nthis point is located at the same fixed energy value $\\epsilon_{c}^{finite}$,\njumping discontinuously to a different value $\\epsilon_{c}^{infinite}$ in the\nthermodynamic limit. Remarkably, $\\epsilon_{c}^{finite}$ equals the average\npotential energy of the infinite system at the phase transition point. The\nresult, supplemented with results on nonanalyticities of the microcanonical\nentropy for other models, indicates that care is required when trying to infer\ninfinite system properties from finite system nonanalyticities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Master Equation and Two Heat Reservoirs: We analyze a simple spin-flip process under the presence of two heat\nreservoirs. While one flip process is triggered by a bath at temperature $T$,\nthe inverse process is activated by a bath at a different temperature $T\n^{\\prime}$. The situation can be described by using a master equation approach\nin a second quantized Hamiltonian formulation. The stationary solution leads to\na generalized Fermi-Dirac distribution with an effective temperature $T_e$.\nLikewise the relaxation time is given in terms of $T_e$. Introducing a\nspin-representation we perform a Landau expansion for the averaged spin\n$<\\sigma>$ as order parameter and consequently, a free energy functional can be\nderived. Owing to the two reservoirs the model is invariant with respect to a\nsimultaneous change $\\sigma \\leftrightarrow - \\sigma $ and $ T \\leftrightarrow\nT ^{\\prime}$. This new symmetry generates a third order term in the free energy\nwhich gives rise a dynamically induced first order transition.",
        "positive": "A generalized spin model of financial markets: We reformulate the Cont-Bouchaud model of financial markets in terms of\nclassical \"super-spins\" where the spin value is a measure of the number of\nindividual traders represented by a portfolio manager of an investment agency.\nWe then extend this simplified model by switching on interactions among the\nsuper-spins to model the tendency of agencies getting influenced by the opinion\nof other managers. We also introduce a fictitious temperature (to model other\nrandom influences), and time-dependent local fields to model slowly changing\noptimistic or pessimistic bias of traders. We point out close similarities\nbetween the price variations in our model with $N$ super-spins and total\ndisplacements in an $N$-step Levy flight. We demonstrate the phenomena of\nnatural and artificially created bubbles and subsequent crashes as well as the\noccurrence of \"fat tails\" in the distributions of stock price variations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One-dimensional Excitations in Superfluid $^4$He and $^3$He-$^4$He\n  Mixture Films Adsorbed in Porous Materials: A normal-fluid component varying as T$^{2}$ is observed at very low\ntemperatures in superfluid $^4$He and $^3$He-$^4$He mixture films adsorbed in\nalumina powder. The normal fluid appears to arise from thermally excited third\nsound that has one-dimensional propagation characteristics. A Landau model of\nthird sound excitations in an infinite cylindrical pore by Saam and Cole\nprovides good agreement with the experimental measurements over a wide range of\n$^4$He and $^3$He coverages. However, it is unclear why the powder substrate\ncan be modeled as having cylindrical pores.",
        "positive": "Far-from-equilibrium transport with constrained resources: The totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) is a well studied\nexample of far-from-equilibrium dynamics. Here, we consider a TASEP with open\nboundaries but impose a global constraint on the total number of particles. In\nother words, the boundary reservoirs and the system must share a finite supply\nof particles. Using simulations and analytic arguments, we obtain the average\nparticle density and current of the system, as a function of the boundary rates\nand the total number of particles. Our findings are relevant to biological\ntransport problems if the availability of molecular motors becomes a\nrate-limiting factor."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Riemann surface for TASEP with periodic boundaries: The Bethe ansatz solution of periodic TASEP is formulated in terms of a\nramified covering from a Riemann surface to the sphere. The joint probability\ndistribution of height fluctuations at $n$ distinct times has in particular a\nrelatively simple expression as a function of $n$ variables on the Riemann\nsurface built from exponentials of Abelian integrals, traced over the ramified\ncovering and integrated on $n$ nested contours in the complex plane.",
        "positive": "Analysis of phase transitions in the mean-field Blume-Emery-Griffiths\n  model: In this paper we give a complete analysis of the phase transitions in the\nmean-field Blume-Emery-Griffiths lattice-spin model with respect to the\ncanonical ensemble, showing both a second-order, continuous phase transition\nand a first-order, discontinuous phase transition for appropriate values of the\nthermodynamic parameters that define the model. These phase transitions are\nanalyzed both in terms of the empirical measure and the spin per site by\nstudying bifurcation phenomena of the corresponding sets of canonical\nequilibrium macrostates, which are defined via large deviation principles.\nAnalogous phase transitions with respect to the microcanonical ensemble are\nalso studied via a combination of rigorous analysis and numerical calculations.\nFinally, probabilistic limit theorems for appropriately scaled values of the\ntotal spin are proved with respect to the canonical ensemble. These limit\ntheorems include both central-limit-type theorems when the thermodynamic\nparameters are not equal to critical values and non-central-limit-type theorems\nwhen these parameters equal critical values."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Geometrical Structure of 2d Bond-Orientational Order: We study the formulation of bond-orientational order in an arbitrary two\ndimensional geometry. We find that bond-orientational order is properly\nformulated within the framework of differential geometry with torsion. The\ntorsion reflects the intrinsic frustration for two-dimensional crystals with\narbitrary geometry. Within a Debye-Huckel approximation, torsion may be\nidentified as the density of dislocations. Changes in the geometry of the\nsystem cause a reorganization of the torsion density that preserves\nbond-orientational order. As a byproduct, we are able to derive several\nidentities involving the topology, defect density and geometric invariants such\nas Gaussian curvature. The formalism is used to derive the general free energy\nfor a 2D sample of arbitrary geometry, both in the crystalline and hexatic\nphases. Applications to conical and spherical geometries are briefly addressed.",
        "positive": "Quasiparticle dynamics of symmetry resolved entanglement after a quench:\n  the examples of conformal field theories and free fermions: The time evolution of the entanglement entropy is a key concept to understand\nthe structure of a non-equilibrium quantum state. In a large class of models,\nsuch evolution can be understood in terms of a semiclassical picture of moving\nquasiparticles spreading the entanglement throughout the system. However, it is\nnot yet known how the entanglement splits between the sectors of an internal\nlocal symmetry of a quantum many-body system. Here, guided by the examples of\nconformal field theories and free-fermion chains, we show that the\nquasiparticle picture can be adapted to this goal, leading to a general\nconjecture for the charged entropies whose Fourier transform gives the desired\nsymmetry resolved entanglement $S_n(q)$. We point out two physically relevant\neffects that should be easily observed in atomic experiments: a delay time for\nthe onset of $S_n(q)$ which grows linearly with $|\\Delta q|$ (the difference\nfrom the charge $q$ and its mean value), and an effective equipartition when\n$|\\Delta q|$ is much smaller than the subsystem size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "L{\u00e9}vy walks on finite intervals: A step beyond asymptotics: A L{\\'e}vy walk of order $\\beta$ is studied on an interval of length $L$,\ndriven out of equilibrium by different-density boundary baths. The anomalous\ncurrent generated under these settings is nonlocally related to the density\nprofile through an integral equation. While the asymptotic solution to this\nequation is known, its finite-$L$ corrections remain unstudied despite their\nimportance in the study of anomalous transport. Here a perturbative method for\ncomputing such corrections is presented and explicitly demonstrated for the\nleading correction to the asymptotic transport of a L{\\'e}vy walk of order\n$\\beta=5/3$, which represents a broad universal class of anomalous transport\nmodels. Surprisingly, many other physical problems are described by similar\nintegral equations, to which the method introduced here can be directly\napplied.",
        "positive": "Spontaneous velocity alignment in Motility-induced Phase Separation: We study a system of purely repulsive spherical self-propelled particles in\nthe minimal set-up inducing Motility-Induced Phase Separation (MIPS). We show\nthat, even if explicit alignment interactions are absent, a growing order in\nthe velocities of the clustered particles accompanies MIPS. Particles arrange\ninto aligned or vortex-like domains. Their sizes increase as the persistence of\nthe self-propulsion grows, an effect that is quantified studying the spatial\ncorrelation function of the velocities. We explain the velocity-alignment by\nunveiling a hidden alignment interaction of the Vicsek-like form, induced by\nthe interplay between steric interactions and self-propulsion. As a\nconsequence, we argue that the MIPS transition cannot be fully understood in\nterms of a scalar field, the density, since the collective orientation of the\nvelocities should be included in effective coarse-grained descriptions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "$O(N)$ smectic $\u03c3$-model: A unidirectional \"density\" wave order in an otherwise isotropic environment\nis guaranteed to display a smecticlike Goldstone mode. Examples of such \"soft\"\nstates include conventional smectic liquid crystals, putative\nFulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov superfluids, and helical states of frustrated\nbosons and spins. Here we develop generalized spin-smectic $\\sigma$-models that\nbreak $O(N)$ internal symmetry in addition to the $d$-dimensional rotational\nand uniaxial translational symmetries. We explore long-wavelength properties of\nsuch strongly fluctuating states, show that they are characterized by a\n\"double-power-law\" static structure peak, and analyze their asymptotic\nsymmetry-reduced crossover to conventional low-energy modes. We also present\nthe associated Ginzburg-Landau theory, describing phase transition into such\nspin-smectic states, and discuss experimental realization of such models.",
        "positive": "Three-point functions in c <= 1 Liouville theory and conformal loop\n  ensembles: The possibility of extending the Liouville Conformal Field Theory from values\nof the central charge $c \\geq 25$ to $c \\leq 1$ has been debated for many years\nin condensed matter physics as well as in string theory. It was only recently\nproven that such an extension -- involving a real spectrum of critical\nexponents as well as an analytic continuation of the DOZZ formula for\nthree-point couplings -- does give rise to a consistent theory. We show in this\nLetter that this theory can be interpreted in terms of microscopic loop models.\nWe introduce in particular a family of geometrical operators, and, using an\nefficient algorithm to compute three-point functions from the lattice, we show\nthat their operator algebra corresponds exactly to that of vertex operators\n$V_{\\hat{\\alpha}}$ in $c \\leq 1$ Liouville. We interpret geometrically the\nlimit $\\hat{\\alpha} \\to 0$ of $V_{\\hat{\\alpha}}$ and explain why it is not the\nidentity operator (despite having conformal weight $\\Delta=0$)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Steady State Distribution of the Master Equation: The steady states of the master equation are investigated. We give two\nexpressions for the steady state distribution of the master equation a la the\nZubarev-McLennan steady state distribution, i.e., the exact expression and an\nexpression near equilibrium. The latter expression obtained is consistent with\nrecent attempt of constructing steady state theormodynamics.",
        "positive": "Nonadiabatic transitions during a passage near a critical point: The passage through a critical point of a many-body quantum system leads to\nabundant nonadiabatic excitations. Here, we explore a regime, in which the\ncritical point is not crossed although the system is passing slowly very close\nto it. We show that the leading exponent for the excitation probability then\ncan be obtained by standard arguments of the Dykhne formula but the exponential\nprefactor is no longer simple, and behaves as a power law on the characteristic\ntransition rate. We derive this prefactor for the nonlinear Landau-Zener (nLZ)\nmodel by adjusting the Dykhne's approach. Then, we introduce an exactly\nsolvable model of the transition near a critical point in the Stark ladder. We\nderive the number of the excitations for it without approximations, and find\nqualitatively similar results for the excitation scaling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production and time-asymmetry in the presence of strong\n  interactions: It is known that the equilibrium properties of open classical systems that\nare strongly coupled to a heat bath are described by a set of thermodynamic\npotentials related to the system's Hamiltonian of mean force. By adapting this\nframework to a more general class of non-equilibrium states, we show that the\nequilibrium properties of the bath can be well-defined, even when the system is\narbitrarily far from equilibrium and correlated with the bath. These states,\nwhich retain a notion of temperature, take the form of conditional equilibrium\ndistributions. For out-of-equilibrium processes we show that the average\nentropy production quantifies the extent to which the system-bath state is\ndriven away from the conditional equilibrium distribution. In addition, we show\nthat the stochastic entropy production satisfies a generalised Crooks relation\nand can be used to quantify time-asymmetry of correlated non-equilibrium\nprocesses. These results naturally extend the familiar properties of entropy\nproduction in weakly-coupled systems to the strong coupling regime.\nExperimental measurements of the entropy production at strong coupling could be\npursued using optomechanics or trapped ion systems, which allow strong coupling\nto be engineered.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of trapped Bose gases at finite temperatures: Starting from an approximate microscopic model of a trapped Bose-condensed\ngas at finite temperatures, we derive an equation of motion for the condensate\nwavefunction and a quantum kinetic equation for the distribution function for\nthe excited atoms. The kinetic equation includes collisions between the\ncondensate and non-condensate atoms ($C_{12}$), in addition to collisions\nbetween the excited atoms as described by the Uehling-Uhlenbeck ($C_{22}$)\ncollision integral. Assuming that the $C_{22}$ collision rate is sufficiently\nrapid to produce a local equilibrium Bose distribution, the kinetic equation\ncan be used to derive hydrodynamic equations for the non-condensate. These\nequations include a description of the equilibration of the local chemical\npotentials of the condensate and non-condensate components which gives rise to\na new relaxational mode associated with the exchange of atoms between the two\ncomponents. We show how the Landau two-fluid equations emerge in the frequency\ndomain $\\omega \\tau_\\mu \\ll 1$, where $\\tau_\\mu$ is a characteristic relaxation\ntime of the equilibration process. This process provides an additional source\nof damping of the collective modes (first and second sound in the case of a\nuniform system). Our equations are consistent with the generalized Kohn\ntheorem. Finally, a variational solution of the equations is developed which is\nused to determine some of the monopole, dipole and quadrupole normal modes of a\ntrapped Bose gas in an isotropic trap."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "d=2 transverse-field Ising model under the screw-boundary condition: An\n  optimization of the screw pitch: A length-N spin chain with the \\sqrt{N}(=v)-th neighbor interaction is\nidentical to a two-dimensional (d=2) model under the screw-boundary (SB)\ncondition. The SB condition provides a flexible scheme to construct a d\\ge2\ncluster from an arbitrary number of spins; the numerical diagonalization\ncombined with the SB condition admits a potential applicability to a class of\nsystems intractable with the quantum Monte Carlo method due to the\nnegative-sign problem. However, the simulation results suffer from\ncharacteristic finite-size corrections inherent in SB. In order to suppress\nthese corrections, we adjust the screw pitch v(N) so as to minimize the\nexcitation gap for each N. This idea is adapted to the transverse-field Ising\nmodel on the triangular lattice with N\\le32 spins. As a demonstration, the\ncorrelation-length critical exponent $\\nu$ is analyzed in some detail.",
        "positive": "Current inversion in a periodically driven two-dimensional Brownian\n  ratchet: It is well-known that Brownian ratchets can exhibit current reversals,\nwherein the sign of the current switches as a function of the driving\nfrequency. We introduce a spatial discretization of such a two-dimensional\nBrownian ratchet to enable spectral methods that efficiently compute those\ncurrents. These discrete-space models provide a convenient way to study the\nMarkovian dynamics conditioned upon generating particular values of the\ncurrents. By studying such conditioned processes, we demonstrate that\nlow-frequency negative values of current arise from typical events and\nhigh-frequency positive values of current arises from rare events. We\ndemonstrate how these observations can inform the sculpting of time-dependent\npotential landscapes with a specific frequency response."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The kinetics of escaping of Brownian particles from a potential well for\n  different space dimensionality. The effect of external force: The kinetics of two (2D) and three (3D) dimensional diffusion-assisted\nescaping of Brownian particles from a potential well in the presence of an\nexternal force is analyzed in detail. The kinetics is studied within the\ntwo-state model (TSM) proposed for processes in the absence of external force.\nThe generalized variant of this model, taking into account the force effect, is\nproposed which is shown to be quite accurate for some shapes of the well both\nfor 2D and 3D processes. Within the generalized TSM simple expressions for the\nwell depopulation kinetics and, in particular, for the escape rate are\nobtained. The effect of the force ($F$) is shown to manifest itself in the\nescape rate dependence on the only parameter $\\varphi = Fa/(2k_b T)$, where $a$\nis the Onsager radius of the attractive part of the well $U(r)$, defined by the\nrelation $|U(a)| \\approx k_b T$. The limiting behavior of this dependence in\nthe cases of weak and strong force is studied in detail both in 2D and 3D\nprocesses. Some applications of obtained results to the analysis of experiments\nare briefly discussed.",
        "positive": "Lee-Yang theory of the two-dimensional quantum Ising model: Determining the phase diagram of interacting quantum many-body systems is an\nimportant task for a wide range of problems such as the understanding and\ndesign of quantum materials. For classical equilibrium systems, the Lee-Yang\nformalism provides a rigorous foundation of phase transitions, and these ideas\nhave also been extended to the quantum realm. Here, we develop a Lee-Yang\ntheory of quantum phase transitions that can include thermal fluctuations\ncaused by a finite temperature, and it thereby provides a link between the\nclassical Lee-Yang formalism and recent theories of phase transitions at zero\ntemperature. Our methodology exploits analytic properties of the moment\ngenerating function of the order parameter in systems of finite size, and it\ncan be implemented in combination with tensor-network calculations.\nSpecifically, the onset of a symmetry-broken phase is signaled by the zeros of\nthe moment generating function approaching the origin in the complex plane of a\ncounting field that couples to the order parameter. Moreover, the zeros can be\nobtained by measuring or calculating the high cumulants of the order parameter.\nWe determine the phase diagram of the two-dimensional quantum Ising model and\nthereby demonstrate the potential of our method to predict the critical\nbehavior of two-dimensional quantum systems at finite temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Observing Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions through Quasilocal String\n  Operators: We analyze signatures of the dynamical quantum phase transitions in physical\nobservables. In particular, we show that both the expectation value and various\nout of time order correlation functions of the finite length product or string\noperators develop cusp singularities following quench protocols, which become\nsharper and sharper as the string length increases. We illustrated our ideas\nanalyzing both integrable and nonintegrable one-dimensional Ising models\nshowing that these transitions are robust both to the details of the model and\nto the choice of the initial state.",
        "positive": "Onsager symmetry for systems with broken time-reversal symmetry: We provide numerical evidence that the Onsager symmetry remains valid for\nsystems subject to a spatially dependent magnetic field, in spite of the broken\ntime-reversal symmetry. In addition, for the simplest case in which the field\nstrength varies only in one direction, we analytically derive the result. For\nthe generic case, a qualitative explanation is provided."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microcanonical solution of lattice models with long range interactions: We present a general method to obtain the microcanonical solution of lattice\nmodels with long range interactions. As an example, we apply it to the long\nrange Ising chain, focusing on the role of boundary conditions.",
        "positive": "Number of hidden states needed to physically implement a given\n  conditional distribution: We consider the problem of how to construct a physical process over a finite\nstate space $X$ that applies some desired conditional distribution $P$ to\ninitial states to produce final states. This problem arises often in the\nthermodynamics of computation and nonequilibrium statistical physics more\ngenerally (e.g., when designing processes to implement some desired\ncomputation, feedback controller, or Maxwell demon). It was previously known\nthat some conditional distributions cannot be implemented using any master\nequation that involves just the states in $X$. However, here we show that any\nconditional distribution $P$ can in fact be implemented---if additional\n\"hidden\" states not in $X$ are available. Moreover, we show that it is always\npossible to implement $P$ in a thermodynamically reversible manner. We then\ninvestigate a novel cost of the physical resources needed to implement a given\ndistribution $P$: the minimal number of hidden states needed to do so. We\ncalculate this cost exactly for the special case where $P$ represents a\nsingle-valued function, and provide an upper bound for the general case, in\nterms of the nonnegative rank of $P$. These results show that having access to\none extra binary degree of freedom, thus doubling the total number of states,\nis sufficient to implement any $P$ with a master equation in a\nthermodynamically reversible way, if there are no constraints on the allowed\nform of the master equation. (Such constraints can greatly increase the minimal\nneeded number of hidden states.) Our results also imply that for certain $P$\nthat can be implemented without hidden states, having hidden states permits an\nimplementation that generates less heat."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extensive Nature of Long Range Interactions: Role of Disorder: The omnipresent disorder in physical systems makes it imperative to\ninvestigate its effect on the spatial range of interactions for which system\nremains thermodynamically extensive. Previously known bounds on the statistical\nfree energy for clean systems \\cite{fish} indicate it to be extensive only for\nthe spatially short range interactions (decaying faster than $r^{-d}$ at large\ndistance $r$ with $d$ as system dimension). We analyze the bounds for quantum\nsystems with different types of disordered many body potentials e.g annealed,\nquenched, Gaussian or power law distributed. Our results indicate the\ndependence of the bounds on the multiple distribution parameters representing\nthe potential which in turn permits, in contrast to clean potentials, more\nfreedom to achieve the extensive limits even for arbitrary spatial ranges of\nthe interactions.",
        "positive": "Why Quantum Phase Transitions Are Interesting: This paper discusses why the usual notion that quantum phase transitions can\nbe mapped onto classical phase transitions in a higher dimension, and that this\nmakes the former uninteresting from a fundamental theoretical point of view, is\nin general misleading. It is shown that quantum phase transitions are often\nqualitatively different from their classical counterparts due to (1)\nlong-ranged effective interactions that are induced by soft modes, and (2) in\nthe presence of quenched disorder, an extreme anisotropy of space-time. These\npoints are illustrated using various magnetic phase transitions as examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On random graphs and the statistical mechanics of granular matter: The dynamics of spins on a random graph with ferromagnetic three-spin\ninteractions is used to model the compaction of granular matter under a series\nof taps. Taps are modelled as the random flipping of a small fraction of the\nspins followed by a quench at zero temperature. We find that the density\napproached during a logarithmically slow compaction\n  - the random-close-packing density - corresponds to a dynamical phase\ntransition. We discuss the the role of cascades of successive spin-flips in\nthis model and link them with density-noise power fluctuations observed in\nrecent experiments.",
        "positive": "A non-extensive approach to the time evolution of Lyapunov coefficients: We study sporadic randomness by means of a non-extensive form of Lyapunov\ncoefficient. We recover from a different perspective the same conclusion as\nthat of an earlier work, namely, that the ordinary Pesin theorem applies\n(P.Gaspard and X.-J. Wang, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA {\\bf85}, 4591 (1988)).\nHowever, our theoretical analysis allows us to organize the numerical\ncalculations so as to reveal the slow transition from a temporary form of\nnon-extensive thermodynamics, corresponding to the prediction of a recent paper\n(M. Buiatti, P. Grigolini, A. Montagnini, Phys. Rev. Lett {\\bf 82}, 3383\n(1999)), to the ordinary extensive thermodynamics. We show that the transition\ntakes place with a slow decay corresponding to the regression from a\nnon-equilibrium initial condition to equilibrium condition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Precise Determination of Quantum Critical Points by the Violation of the\n  Entropic Area Law: Finite-size scaling analysis turns out to be a powerful tool to calculate the\nphase diagram as well as the critical properties of two dimensional classical\nstatistical mechanics models and quantum Hamiltonians in one dimension. The\nmost used method to locate quantum critical points is the so called crossing\nmethod, where the estimates are obtained by comparing the mass gaps of two\ndistinct lattice sizes. The success of this method is due to its simplicity and\nthe ability to provide accurate results even considering relatively small\nlattice sizes. In this paper, we introduce an estimator that locates quantum\ncritical points by exploring the known distinct behavior of the entanglement\nentropy in critical and non critical systems. As a benchmark test, we use this\nnew estimator to locate the critical point of the quantum Ising chain and the\ncritical line of the spin-1 Blume-Capel quantum chain. The tricritical point of\nthis last model is also obtained. Comparison with the standard crossing method\nis also presented. The method we propose is simple to implement in practice,\nparticularly in density matrix renormalization group calculations, and provides\nus, like the crossing method, amazingly accurate results for quite small\nlattice sizes. Our applications show that the proposed method has several\nadvantages, as compared with the standard crossing method, and we believe it\nwill become popular in future numerical studies.",
        "positive": "Normal transport properties for a classical particle coupled to a\n  non-Ohmic bath: We study the Hamiltonian motion of an ensemble of unconfined classical\nparticles driven by an external field F through a translationally-invariant,\nthermal array of monochromatic Einstein oscillators. The system does not\nsustain a stationary state, because the oscillators cannot effectively absorb\nthe energy of high speed particles. We nonetheless show that the system has at\nall positive temperatures a well-defined low-field mobility over macroscopic\ntime scales of order exp(-c/F). The mobility is independent of F at low fields,\nand related to the zero-field diffusion constant D through the Einstein\nrelation. The system therefore exhibits normal transport even though the bath\nobviously has a discrete frequency spectrum (it is simply monochromatic) and is\ntherefore highly non-Ohmic. Such features are usually associated with anomalous\ntransport properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Microscopic Features of Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation May Affect the\n  Macroscopic Morphology of Atmospheric Ice Crystals: It is surprisingly difficult to freeze water. Almost all ice that forms under\n\"mild\" conditions (temperatures > -40 degrees Celsius) requires the presence of\na nucleating agent - a solid particle that facilitates the freezing process -\nsuch as clay mineral dust, soot or bacteria. In a computer simulation, the\npresence of such ice nucleating agents does not necessarily alleviate the\ndifficulties associated with forming ice on accessible timescales.\nNevertheless, in this work we present results from molecular dynamics\nsimulations in which we systematically compare homogeneous and heterogeneous\nice nucleation, using the atmospherically important clay mineral kaolinite as\nour model ice nucleating agent. From our simulations, we do indeed find that\nkaolinite is an excellent ice nucleating agent but that contrary to\nconventional thought, non-basal faces of ice can nucleate at the basal face of\nkaolinite. We see that in the liquid phase, the kaolinite surface has a drastic\neffect on the density profile of water, with water forming a dense, tightly\nbound first contact layer. Monitoring the time evolution of the water density\nreveals that changes away from the interface may play an important role in the\nnucleation mechanism. The findings from this work suggest that heterogeneous\nice nucleating agents may not only enhance the ice nucleation rate, but also\nalter the macroscopic structure of the ice crystals that form.",
        "positive": "Pattern formation in a two-dimensional two-species diffusion model with\n  anisotropic nonlinear diffusivities: a lattice approach: Diffusion in a two-species 2D system has been simulated using a lattice\napproach. Rodlike particles were considered as linear $k$-mers of two mutually\nperpendicular orientations ($k_x$- and $k_y$-mers) on a square lattice. These\n$k_x$- and $k_y$-mers were treated as species of two kinds. A random sequential\nadsorption model was used to produce an initial homogeneous distribution of\n$k$-mers. The concentration of $k$-mers, $p$, was varied in the range from 0.1\nto the jamming concentration, $p_j$. By means of the Monte Carlo technique,\ntranslational diffusion of the $k$-mers was simulated as a random walk, while\nrotational diffusion was ignored. We demonstrated that the diffusion\ncoefficients are strongly anisotropic and nonlinearly concentration-dependent.\nFor sufficiently large concentrations (packing densities) and $k \\geq 6$, the\nsystem tends toward a well-organized steady state. Boundary conditions (BC)\npredetermine the final state of the system. When periodic BCs are applied along\nboth directions of the square lattice, the system tends to a steady state in\nthe form of diagonal stripes. The formation of stripe domains takes longer time\nthe larger the lattice size, and is observed only for concentrations above a\nparticular critical value. When insulating (zero flux) BCs are applied along\nboth directions of the square lattice, each kind of $k$-mer tries to completely\noccupy a half of the lattice divided by a diagonal, e.g., $k_x$-mers locate in\nthe upper left corner, while the $k_y$-mers are situated in the lower right\ncorner (\"yin-yang\" pattern). From time to time, regions built of $k_x$- and\n$k_y$-mers exchange their locations through irregular patterns. When mixed BCs\nare used (periodic BCs are applied along one direction whereas insulating BCs\nare applied along the other one), the system still tends to form the stripes,\nbut they are unstable and change their spatial orientation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Escort distributions and Tsallis entropy: We present an argument justifying the origin of the escort distributions used\nin calculations involving the Tsallis entropy. We rely on an induced hyperbolic\nRiemannian metric reflecting the generalized composition property of the\nTsallis entropy. The mapping of the corresponding Riemannian measure on the\nspace of thermodynamic variables gives the specific form of the escort\ndistributions and provides a geometric interpretation of the non-extensive\nparameter. In addition, we explain the polynomial rate of increase of the\nsample space volume for systems described by the Tsallis entropy, thus\nextending the previously reached conclusions for discrete systems to the case\nof systems whose evolution is described by flows on Riemannian manifolds.",
        "positive": "An exactly solvable predator prey model with resetting: We study a simple model of a diffusing particle (the prey) that on encounter\nwith one of a swarm of diffusing predators can either perish or be reset to its\noriginal position at the origin. We show that the survival probability of the\nprey up to time $t$ decays algebraically as $\\sim t^{-\\theta(p, \\gamma)}$ where\nthe exponent $\\theta$ depends continuously on two parameters of the model, with\n$p$ denoting the probability that a prey survives upon encounter with a\npredator and $\\gamma = D_A/(D_A+D_B)$ where $D_A$ and $D_B$ are the diffusion\nconstants of the prey and the predator respectively. We also compute exactly\nthe probability distribution $P(N|t_c)$ of the total number of encounters till\nthe capture time $t_c$ and show that it exhibits an anomalous large deviation\nform $P(N|t_c)\\sim t_c^{- \\Phi\\left(\\frac{N}{\\ln t_c}=z\\right)}$ for large\n$t_c$. The rate function $\\Phi(z)$ is computed explicitly. Numerical\nsimulations are in excellent agreement with our analytical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spatial survival probability for one-dimensional fluctuating interfaces\n  in the steady state: We report numerical and analytic results for the spatial survival probability\nfor fluctuating one-dimensional interfaces with Edwards-Wilkinson or\nKardar-Parisi-Zhang dynamics in the steady state. Our numerical results are\nobtained from analysis of steady-state profiles generated by integrating a\nspatially discretized form of the Edwards-Wilkinson equation to long times. We\nshow that the survival probability exhibits scaling behavior in its dependence\non the system size and the `sampling interval' used in the measurement for both\n`steady-state' and `finite' initial conditions. Analytic results for the\nscaling functions are obtained from a path-integral treatment of a formulation\nof the problem in terms of one-dimensional Brownian motion. A `deterministic\napproximation' is used to obtain closed-form expressions for survival\nprobabilities from the formally exact analytic treatment. The resulting\napproximate analytic results provide a fairly good description of the numerical\ndata.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of a model solid with magnetoelastic coupling: In the paper a study of a model magnetoelastic solid system is presented. The\nsystem of interest is a mean-field magnet with nearest-neighbour ferromagnetic\ninteractions and the underlying s.c. crystalline lattice with the long-range\nMorse interatomic potential and the anharmonic Debye model for the lattice\nvibrations. The influence of the external magnetic field on the thermodynamics\nis investigated, with special emphasis put on the consequences of the\nmagnetoelastic coupling, introduced by the power-law distance dependence of the\nmagnetic exchange integral. Within the fully self-consistent, Gibbs\nenergy-based formalism such thermodynamic quantities as the entropy, the\nspecific heat as well as the lattice and magnetic response functions are\ncalculated and discussed. To complete the picture, the magnetocaloric effect is\ncharacterized by analysis of the isothermal entropy change and the adiabatic\ntemperature change in the presence of the external pressure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reduced density matrix and entanglement entropy of permutationally\n  invariant quantum many-body systems: In this paper we discuss the properties of the reduced density matrix of\nquantum many body systems with permutational symmetry and present basic\nquantification of the entanglement in terms of the von Neumann (VNE), Renyi and\nTsallis entropies. In particular, we show, on the specific example of the spin\n$1/2$ Heisenberg model, how the RDM acquires a block diagonal form with respect\nto the quantum number $k$ fixing the polarization in the subsystem conservation\nof $S_{z}$ and with respect to the irreducible representations of the\n$\\mathbf{S_{n}}$ group. Analytical expression for the RDM elements and for the\nRDM spectrum are derived for states of arbitrary permutational symmetry and for\narbitrary polarizations. The temperature dependence and scaling of the VNE\nacross a finite temperature phase transition is discussed and the RDM moments\nand the R\\'{e}nyi and Tsallis entropies calculated both for symmetric ground\nstates of the Heisenberg chain and for maximally mixed states.",
        "positive": "Crossover temperature of Bose-Einstein condensation in an atomic Fermi\n  gas: We show that in an atomic Fermi gas near a Feshbach resonance the crossover\nbetween a Bose-Einstein condensate of diatomic molecules and a Bose-Einstein\ncondensate of Cooper pairs occurs at positive detuning, i.e., when the\nmolecular energy level lies in the two-atom continuum. We determine the\ncrossover temperature as a function of the applied magnetic field and find\nexcellent agreement with the experiment of Regal et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92,\n040403 (2004)] that has recently observed this crossover temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A note on an absorption problem for a Brownian particle moving in a\n  harmonic potential: An analysis is presented of a Brownian particle moving on the half-line,\nsubject to a restoring force proportional to its displacement and an absorbing\nboundary at the origin. When the initial displacement is large, the central\nmoments of the time to be absorbed tend to finite constants, as do the position\nmoments when evaluated at the most probable absorption time. These quantities\nare derived explicitly.",
        "positive": "Search for Food of Birds, Fish and Insects: This book chapter introduces to the problem to which extent search strategies\nof foraging biological organisms can be identified by statistical data analysis\nand mathematical modeling. A famous paradigm in this field is the Levy Flight\nHypothesis: It states that under certain mathematical conditions Levy flights,\nwhich are a key concept in the theory of anomalous stochastic processes,\nprovide an optimal search strategy. This hypothesis may be understood\nbiologically as the claim that Levy flights represent an evolutionary adaptive\noptimal search strategy for foraging organisms. Another interpretation,\nhowever, is that Levy flights emerge from the interaction between a forager and\na given (scale-free) distribution of food sources. These hypotheses are\ndiscussed controversially in the current literature. We give examples and\ncounterexamples of experimental data and their analyses supporting and\nchallenging them."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Memory effects in glasses: insights into the thermodynamics of out of\n  equilibrium systems revealed by a simple model of the Kovacs effect: This paper is an extended version of an article accepted for publication in\nPhysical Review E. Besides its fundamental interest, the model that we\ninvestigate in this article is simple enough to be used as a basis for courses\nor tutorials on the thermodynamics of out of equilibrium systems. It allows\nsimple numerical calculations and analytical analysis which highlight important\nconcepts with an easily workable example. This version includes studies of fast\ncooling and heating, exhibiting cases with negative heat capacity, and further\ndiscussions on the entropy which are not presented in the Physical Review E\nversion.\n  Glasses are interesting materials because they allow us to explore the\npuzzling properties of out-of-equilibrium systems. One of them is the Kovacs\neffect in which a glass, brought to an out-of-equilibrium state in which all\nits thermodynamic variables are identical to those of an equilibrium state,\nnevertheless evolves, showing a hump in some global variable before the\nthermodynamic variables come back to their starting point. We show that a\nsimple three-state system is sufficient to study this phenomenon using\nnumerical integrations and exact analytical calculations. It also brings some\nlight on the concept of fictive temperature, often used to extend standard\nthermodynamics to the out-of-equilibrium properties of glasses. We confirm that\nthe concept of a unique fictive temperature is not valid, an show it can be\nextended to make a connection with the various relaxation processes in the\nsystem. The model also brings further insights on the thermodynamics of\nout-of-equilibrium systems. Moreover we show that the three-state model is able\nto describe various effects observed in glasses such as the asymmetric\nrelaxation to equilibrium discussed by Kovacs, or the reverse crossover\nmeasured on $B_2O_3$.",
        "positive": "Ferrimagnetism and compensation temperature in spin-$1/2$ Ising\n  trilayers: The mean-field and effective-field approximations are applied in the study of\nmagnetic and thermodynamic properties of a spin-$1/2$ Ising system containing\nthree layers, each of which is composed exclusively of one out of two possible\ntypes of atoms, \\textbf{A} or \\textbf{B}. The \\textbf{A-A} and \\textbf{B-B}\nbonds are ferromagnetic while the \\textbf{A-B} bonds are antiferromagnetic. The\noccurrence of a compensation phenomenon is verified and the compensation and\ncritical temperatures are obtained as functions of the Hamiltonian parameters.\nWe present phase diagrams dividing the parameter space in regions where the\ncompensation phenomenon is present or absent and a detailed discussion about\nthe influence of each parameter on the overall behavior of the system is made."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Power-law entropies for continuous systems and generalized operations: We present our view in a standing debate about the definition and meaning of\npower-law entropies for continuous systems. Our suggestion is that such\narguments should take into account the generalized operations of addition and\nmultiplication induced by the power-law entropies' composition properties. To\nbe concrete, we highlight our view using the case of the $q$- also known as\n\"Tsallis\", entropic functionals.",
        "positive": "Active elastic dimers: self-propulsion and current reversal on a\n  featureless track: We present a Brownian inchworm model of a self-propelled elastic dimer in the\nabsence of an external potential. Nonequilibrium noise together with a\nstretch-dependent damping form the propulsion mechanism. Our model connects\nthree key nonequilibrium features -- position-velocity correlations, a nonzero\nmean internal force, and a drift velocity. Our analytical results, including\nstriking current reversals, compare very well with numerical simulations. The\nmodel unifies the propulsion mechanisms of DNA helicases, polar rods on a\nvibrated surface, crawling keratocytes and Myosin VI. We suggest experimental\nrealizations and tests of the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Speed limit for open systems coupled to general environments: In this study, we investigate the bound on the speed of state transformation\nin the quantum and classical systems that are coupled to general environment\nwith arbitrary coupling interactions. We show that a Mandelstam-Tamm type speed\nlimit exists and energy fluctuation still plays a crucial role in this speed\nlimit inequality for open quantum systems. The energy fluctuation of the target\nsystem in addition to the coupling to the environment is key in the inequality.\nWe also present the classical version of the speed limit for open systems. As\npotential applications of the proposed speed limit expression, we discuss the\nfundamental limitation of the state change in quantum cyclic engines and the\nequilibriation time required for the thermalization phenomena of isolated\nquantum systems.",
        "positive": "Fractional Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook kinetic equation: The linear Boltzmann equation approach is generalized to describe fractional\nsuperdiffusive transport of the Levy walk type in external force fields. The\ntime distribution between scattering events is assumed to have a finite mean\nvalue and infinite variance. It is completely characterized by the two\nscattering rates, one fractional and a normal one, which defines also the mean\nscattering rate. We formulate a general fractional linear Boltzmann equation\napproach and exemplify it with a particularly simple case of the Bohm and Gross\nscattering integral leading to a fractional generalization of the Bhatnagar,\nGross and Krook kinetic equation. Here, at each scattering event the particle\nvelocity is completely randomized and takes a value from equilibrium Maxwell\ndistribution at a given fixed temperature. We show that the retardation effects\nare indispensable even in the limit of infinite mean scattering rate and argue\nthat this novel fractional kinetic equation provides a viable alternative to\nthe fractional Kramers-Fokker-Planck (KFP) equation by Barkai and Silbey and\nits generalization by Friedrich et al. based on the picture of divergent mean\ntime between scattering events. The case of divergent mean time is also\ndiscussed at length and compared with the earlier results obtained within the\nfractional KFP."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wavelength Doulbing Bifurcations In A Reaction Diffusion System: In a two species reaction diffusion system,we show that it is possible to\ngenerate a set of wavelength doubling bifuractions leading to spatially chaotic\nstate.The wavelength doubling bifurcations are preceded by a symmetry breaking\ntransition which acts as a precursor.",
        "positive": "The two-dimensional infinite Heisenberg classical square lattice:\n  zero-field partition function and correlation length: We rigorously examine 2d-square lattices composed of classical spins\nisotropically coupled between first-nearest neighbours. A general expression of\nthe characteristic polynomial associated with the zero-field partition function\nZinf{N}(0) is established for any lattice size. In the infinite-lattice limit a\nnumerical study allows to select the dominant term: it is written as a l-series\nof eigenvalues, each one being characterized by a unique index l whose origin\nis explained. Surprisingly Zinf{N}(0) shows a very simple exact closed-form\nexpression valid for any temperature. The thermal study of the basic l-term\nallows to point out crossovers between l- and (l+1)-terms. Coming from high\ntemperatures where the l=0-term is dominant and going to 0 K, l-eigenvalues\nshowing increasing l-values are more and more selected. At T = 0 K l tends to\ninfinity and all the successive dominant l-eigenvalues become equivalent. As\nthe z-spin correlation is null for T greater than 0 K but equal to 1 (in\nabsolute value) for T = 0 K the critical temperature is Tinf{c} = 0 K. Using an\nanalytical method similar to the one employed for Zinf{N}(0) we also give an\nexact expression valid for any temperature for the spin-spin correlations as\nwell as for the correlation length xsi. In the T=0-limit we obtain a diagram of\nmagnetic phases which is similar to the one derived through a renormalization\napproach. By taking the low-temperature limit of xsi we obtain the same\nexpressions as the corresponding ones derived through a renormalization\nprocess, for each zone of the magnetic phase diagram, thus bringing for the\nfirst time a strong validation to the full exact solution of the model valid\nfor any temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deconfined criticality for the two-dimensional quantum S=1-spin model\n  with the three-spin and biquadratic interactions: The criticality between the nematic and valence-bond-solid (VBS) phases was\ninvestigated for the two-dimensional quantum S=1-spin model with the three-spin\nand biquadratic interactions by means of the numerical diagonalization method.\nIt is expected that the criticality belongs to a novel universality class, the\nso-called deconfined criticality, accompanied with unconventional critical\nindices. In this paper, we incorporate the three-spin interaction, and adjust\nthe (redundant) interaction parameter so as to optimize the finite-size\nbehavior. Treating the finite-size cluster with N \\le 20 spins, we estimate the\ncorrelation-length critical exponent as \\nu=0.88 (3).",
        "positive": "A simple and accurate algorithm for path integral molecular dynamics\n  with the Langevin thermostat: We introduce a novel simple algorithm for thermostatting path integral\nmolecular dynamics (PIMD) with the Langevin equation. The staging\ntransformation of path integral beads is employed for demonstration. The\noptimum friction coefficients for the staging modes in the free particle limit\nare used for all systems. In comparison to the path integral Langevin equation\n(PILE) thermostat, the new algorithm exploits a different order of splitting\nfor the phase space propagator associated to the Langevin equation. While the\nerror analysis is made for both algorithms, they are also employed in the PIMD\nsimulations of three realistic systems (the H2O molecule, liquid para-hydrogen,\nand liquid water) for comparison. It is shown that the new thermostat increases\nthe time interval of PIMD by a factor of 4~6 or more for achieving the same\naccuracy. In addition, supplemental material shows the error analysis made for\nthe algorithms when the normal-mode transformation of path integral beads is\nused."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Electron transport driven by a chemical potential difference: Based on Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook equation coupled with Maxwell equation, we\ninvestigate the spatial dependence of a chemical, an electrostatic and an\nelectrochmeical potentials inside a specimen connected with reservoirs. We also\nconfirm that a gap of the chemical potential between at a connection point is\nnegligible.",
        "positive": "Negativity Spectrum in the Random Singlet Phase: Entanglement features of the ground state of disordered quantum matter are\noften captured by an infinite randomness fixed point that, for a variety of\nmodels, is the random singlet phase. Although a copious number of studies\ncovers bipartite entanglement in pure states, at present, less is known for\nmixed states and tripartite settings. Our goal is to gain insights in this\ndirection by studying the negativity spectrum in the random singlet phase.\nThrough the strong disorder renormalization group technique, we derive analytic\nformulas for the universal scaling of the disorder averaged moments of the\npartially transposed reduced density matrix. Our analytic predictions are\nchecked against a numerical implementation of the strong disorder\nrenormalization group and against exact computations for the XX spin chain (a\nmodel in which free fermion techniques apply). Importantly, our results show\nthat the negativity and logarithmic negativity are not trivially related after\nthe average over the disorder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Velocity and Speed Correlations in Hamiltonian Flocks: We study a $2d$ Hamiltonian fluid made of particles carrying spins coupled to\ntheir velocities. At low temperatures and intermediate densities, this\nconservative system exhibits phase coexistence between a collectively moving\ndroplet and a still gas. The particle displacements within the droplet have\nremarkably similar correlations to those of birds flocks. The center of mass\nbehaves as an effective self-propelled particle, driven by the droplet's total\nmagnetization. The conservation of a generalized angular momentum leads to\nrigid rotations, opposite to the fluctuations of the magnetization orientation\nthat, however small, are responsible for the shape and scaling of the\ncorrelations.",
        "positive": "Particle and Energy Transport in quantum disordered and quasi-periodic\n  chains connected to mesoscopic Fermi reservoirs: We study a model of nonequilibrium quantum transport of particles and energy\nin a many-body system connected to mesoscopic Fermi reservoirs (the so-called\nmeso-reservoirs). We discuss the conservation laws of particles and energy\nwithin our setup as well as the transport properties of quasi-periodic and\ndisordered chains."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "String Picture of a Frustrated Quantum Magnet and Dimer Model: We map a geometrically frustrated Ising system with transversal field\ngenerated quantum dynamics to a strongly anisotropic lattice of non-crossing\nelastic strings. The combined effect of frustration, quantum and thermal spin\nfluctuations is explained in terms of a competition between intrinsic lattice\npinning of strings and topological defects in the lattice. From this picture we\nobtain analytic results for correlations and the phase diagram which agree\nnicely with recent simulations.",
        "positive": "Discreteness-Induced Slow Relaxation in Reversible Catalytic Reaction\n  Networks: Slowing down of the relaxation of the fluctuations around equilibrium is\ninvestigated both by stochastic simulations and by analysis of Master equation\nof reversible reaction networks consisting of resources and the corresponding\nproducts that work as catalysts. As the number of molecules $N$ is decreased,\nthe relaxation time to equilibrium is prolonged due to the deficiency of\ncatalysts, as demonstrated by the amplification compared to that by the\ncontinuum limit. This amplification ratio of the relaxation time is represented\nby a scaling function as $h = N \\exp(-\\beta V)$, and it becomes prominent as\n$N$ becomes less than a critical value $h \\sim 1$, where $\\beta$ is the inverse\ntemperature and $V$ is the energy gap between a product and a resource."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional random walk lattice dynamics: We analyze time-discrete and continuous `fractional' random walks on\nundirected regular networks with special focus on cubic periodic lattices in\n$n=1,2,3,..$ dimensions. The fractional random walk dynamics is governed by a\nmaster equation involving {\\it fractional} powers of Laplacian matrices\n$L^{\\frac{\\alpha}{2}}$}where $\\alpha=2$ recovers the normal walk. First we\ndemonstrate that the interval $0<\\alpha\\leq 2$ is admissible for the fractional\nrandom walk. We derive analytical expressions for fractional transition matrix\nand closely related the average return probabilities. We further obtain the\nfundamental matrix $Z^{(\\alpha)}$, and the mean relaxation time (Kemeny\nconstant) for the fractional random walk. The representation for the\nfundamental matrix $Z^{(\\alpha)}$ relates fractional random walks with normal\nrandom walks. We show that the fractional transition matrix elements exhibit\nfor large cubic $n$-dimensional lattices a power law decay of an\n$n$-dimensional infinite space Riesz fractional derivative type indicating\nemergence of L\\'evy flights. As a further footprint of L\\'evy flights in the\n$n$-dimensional space, the fractional transition matrix and fractional return\nprobabilities are dominated for large times $t$ by slowly relaxing long-wave\nmodes leading to a characteristic $t^{-\\frac{n}{\\alpha}}$-decay. It can be\nconcluded that, due to long range moves of fractional random walk, a small\nworld property is emerging increasing the efficiency to explore the lattice\nwhen instead of a normal random walk a fractional random walk is chosen.",
        "positive": "Duality symmetry, strong coupling expansion and universal critical\n  amplitudes in two-dimensional \u03a6^{4} field models: We show that the exact beta-function \\beta(g) in the continuous 2D g\\Phi^{4}\nmodel possesses the Kramers-Wannier duality symmetry. The duality symmetry\ntransformation \\tilde{g}=d(g) such that \\beta(d(g))=d'(g)\\beta(g) is\nconstructed and the approximate values of g^{*} computed from the duality\nequation d(g^{*})=g^{*} are shown to agree with the available numerical\nresults. The calculation of the beta-function \\beta(g) for the 2D scalar\ng\\Phi^{4} field theory based on the strong coupling expansion is developed and\nthe expansion of \\beta(g) in powers of g^{-1} is obtained up to order g^{-8}.\nThe numerical values calculated for the renormalized coupling constant\ng_{+}^{*} are in reasonable good agreement with the best modern estimates\nrecently obtained from the high-temperature series expansion and with those\nknown from the perturbative four-loop renormalization-group calculations. The\napplication of Cardy's theorem for calculating the renormalized isothermal\ncoupling constant g_{c} of the 2D Ising model and the related universal\ncritical amplitudes is also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coherently Scattering Atoms from an Excited Bose-Einstein Condensate: We consider scattering atoms from a fully Bose-Einstein condensed gas. If we\ntake these atoms to be identical to those in the Bose-Einstein condensate, this\nscattering process is to a large extent analogous to Andreev reflection from\nthe interface between a superconducting and a normal metal. We determine the\nscattering wave function both in the absence and the presence of a vortex. Our\nresults show a qualitative difference between these two cases that can be\nunderstood as due to an Aharonov-Bohm effect. It leads to the possibility to\nexperimentally detect and study vortices in this way.",
        "positive": "Magnetic Properties of the Metamagnet Ising Model in a three-dimensional\n  Lattice in a Random and Uniform Field: By employing the Monte Carlo technique we study the behavior of Metamagnet\nIsing Model in a random field. The phase diagram is obtained by using the\nalgorithm of Glaubr in a cubic lattice of linear size $L$ with values ranging\nfrom 16 to 42 and with periodic boundary conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analysis of residual spectra and the monopole spectrum for 3 K blackbody\n  radiation by means of non-extensive thermostatistics: We analyze residual spectra of 3 K blackbody radiation (CMB) using\nnon-extensive thermostatistics with a parameter q-1. The limits of\n|q-1|<1.2x10^{-5} and the temperature fluctuation |delta T|<(1.6-4.3)x10^{-5}\nare smaller than those by Tsallis et al. Moreover, analyzing the monopole\nspectrum by a formula including the chemical potential mu, we obtain the limits\n|q-1|<2.3x10^{-5} and |mu|<1.6x10^{-4}. |q-1| is comparable with the\nSunyaev-Zeldovich effect y.",
        "positive": "An ab initio study of the static, dynamic and electronic properties of\n  some liquid 5d transition metals near melting: We report a study on the static and dynamic properties of several liquid 5$d$\ntransition metals at thermodynamic conditions near their respective melting\npoints. This is performed by resorting to ab initio molecular dynamics\nsimulations in the framework of the density functional theory. Results are\npresented for the static structure factors and pair distribution functions;\nmoreover, the local short range order in the liquid metal is also analized. As\nfor the dynamical properties, both single-particle and collective properties\nare evaluated. The dynamical structure shows the propagating density\nfluctuations, and the respective dispersion relation is obtained. Results are\nalso obtained for the longitudinal and transverse current spectral functions\nalong with the associated dispersion of collective excitations. For some\nmetals, we found the existence of two branches of transverse collective\nexcitations in the region around the main peak of the structure factor.\nFinally, several transport coefficients are also calculated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aging at Criticality in Model C Dynamics: We study the off-equilibrium two-point critical response and correlation\nfunctions for the relaxational dynamics with a coupling to a conserved density\n(Model C) of the O(N) vector model. They are determined in an \\epsilon=4-d\nexpansion for vanishing momentum. We briefly discuss their scaling behaviors\nand the associated scaling forms are determined up to first order in epsilon.\nThe corresponding fluctuation-dissipation ratio has a non trivial large time\nlimit in the aging regime and, up to one-loop order, it is the same as that of\nthe Model A for the physically relevant case N=1. The comparison with\npredictions of local scale invariance is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Accidental suppression of Landau damping of the transverse breathing\n  mode in elongated Bose-Einstein condensates: We study transverse radial oscillations of an elongated Bose-Einstein\ncondensate using finite temperature simulations, in the context of a recent\nexperiment at ENS. We demonstrate the existence of a mode corresponding to an\nin-phase collective oscillation of both the condensate and thermal cloud.\nExcitation of this mode accounts for the very small damping rate observed\nexperimentally, and we find excellent quantitative agreement between experiment\nand theory. In contrast to other condensate modes, interatomic collisions are\nfound to be the dominant damping mechanism in this case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasielastic He atom scattering from surfaces: A stochastic description\n  of the dynamics of interacting adsorbates: The study of diffusion and low frequency vibrational motions of particles on\nmetal surfaces is of paramount importance; it provides valuable information on\nthe nature of the adsorbate-substrate and the substrate-substrate interactions.\nIn particular, the experimental broadening observed in the diffusive peak with\nincreasing coverage is usually interpreted in terms of a dipole-dipole like\ninteraction among adsorbates via extensive molecular dynamics calculations\nwithin the Langevin framework. Here we present an alternative way to interpret\nthis broadening by means of a purely stochastic description, namely the\ninteracting single adsorbate approximation, where two noise sources are\nconsidered: (1) a Gaussian white noise accounting for the surface friction and\ntemperature, and (2) a white shot noise replacing the interaction potential\nbetween adsorbates. Standard Langevin numerical simulations for flat and\ncorrugated surfaces (with a separable potential) illustrate the dynamics of Na\natoms on a Cu(100) surface which fit fairly well to the analytical expressions\nissued from simple models (free particle and anharmonic oscillator) when the\nGaussian approximation is assumed. A similar broadening is also expected for\nthe frustrated translational mode peaks.",
        "positive": "Totally asymmetric limit for models of heat conduction: We consider one dimensional weakly asymmetric boundary driven models of heat\nconduction. In the cases of a constant diffusion coefficient and of a quadratic\nmobility we compute the quasi-potential that is a non local functional obtained\nby the solution of a variational problem. This is done using the dynamic\nvariational approach of the macroscopic fluctuation theory \\cite{MFT}. The case\nof a concave mobility corresponds essentially to the exclusion model that has\nbeen discussed in \\cite{Lag,CPAM,BGLa,ED}. We consider here the convex case\nthat includes for example the Kipnis-Marchioro-Presutti (KMP) model and its\ndual (KMPd) \\cite{KMP}. This extends to the weakly asymmetric regime the\ncomputations in \\cite{BGL}. We consider then, both microscopically and\nmacroscopically, the limit of large external fields. Microscopically we discuss\nsome possible totally asymmetric limits of the KMP model. In one case the\ntotally asymmetric dynamics has a product invariant measure. Another possible\nlimit dynamics has instead a non trivial invariant measure for which we give a\nduality representation. Macroscopically we show that the quasi-potentials of\nKMP and KMPd, that for any fixed external field are non local, become local in\nthe limit. Moreover the dependence on one of the external reservoirs\ndisappears. For models having strictly positive quadratic mobilities we obtain\ninstead in the limit a non local functional having a structure similar to the\none of the boundary driven asymmetric exclusion process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variational wave functions for homogenous Bose systems: We study variational wave functions of the product form, factorizing\naccording to the wave vectors k, for the ground state of a system of bosons\ninteracting via positive pair interactions with a positive Fourier transform.\nOur trial functions are members of different orthonormal bases in Fock space.\nEach basis contains a quasiparticle vacuum state and states with an arbitrary\nfinite number of quasiparticles. One of the bases is that of Valatin and Butler\n(VB), introduced fifty years ago and parametrized by an infinite set of\nvariables determining Bogoliubov's canonical transformation for each k. In\nanother case, inspired by Nozi\\`eres and Saint James the canonical\ntransformation for k=0 is replaced by a shift in the creation/annihilation\noperators. For the VB basis we prove that the lowest energy is obtained in a\nstate with ~sqrt{volume} quasiparticles in the zero mode. The number of k=0\nphysical particles is of the order of the volume and its fluctuation is\nanomalously large, resulting in an excess energy. The same fluctuation is\nnormal in the second type of optimized bases, the minimum energy is smaller and\nis attained in a vacuum state. Associated quasiparticle theories and questions\nabout the gap in their spectrum are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Amorphous silica between confining walls and under shear: a computer\n  simulation study: Molecular dynamics computer simulations are used to investigate a silica melt\nconfined between walls at equilibrium and in a steady-state Poisseuille flow.\nThe walls consist of point particles forming a rigid face-centered cubic\nlattice and the interaction of the walls with the melt atoms is modelled such\nthat the wall particles have only a weak bonding to those in the melt, i.e.\nmuch weaker than the covalent bonding of a Si-O unit. We observe a pronounced\nlayering of the melt near the walls. This layering, as seen in the total\ndensity profile, has a very irregular character which can be attributed to a\npreferred orientational ordering of SiO4 tetrahedra near the wall. On\nintermediate length scales, the structure of the melt at the walls can be well\ndistinguished from that of the bulk by means of the ring size distribution.\nWhereas essentially no structural changes occur in the bulk under the influence\nof the shear fields considered, strong structural rearrangements in the ring\nsize distribution are present at the walls as far as there is a slip motion.\nFor the sheared system, parabolic velocity profiles are found in the bulk\nregion as expected from hydrodynamics and the values for the shear viscosity as\nextracted from those profiles are in good agreement with those obtained in pure\nbulk simulations from the appropriate Green-Kubo formula."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Short-time dynamics in the 1D long-range Potts model: We present numerical investigations of the short-time dynamics at criticality\nin the 1D Potts model with power-law decaying interactions of the form\n1/r^{1+sigma}. The scaling properties of the magnetization, autocorrelation\nfunction and time correlations of the magnetization are studied. The dynamical\ncritical exponents theta' and z are derived in the cases q=2 and q=3 for\nseveral values of the parameter $\\sigma$ belonging to the nontrivial critical\nregime.",
        "positive": "Fluctuating Diffusivity Emerges even in Binary Gas Mixtures: Diffusivity in some soft matter and biological systems changes with time,\ncalled the fluctuating diffusivity. In this work, we propose a novel origin for\nfluctuating diffusivity based on stochastic simulations of binary gas mixtures.\nIn this system, the fraction of one component is significantly small, and the\nmass of the minor component molecule is different from that of the major\ncomponent. The minor component exhibits fluctuating diffusivity when its mass\nis sufficiently smaller than that of the major component. We elucidate that\nthis fluctuating diffusivity is caused by the time scale separation between the\nrelaxation of the velocity direction and the speed of the minor component\nmolecule."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pre-thermalization in a classical phonon field: slow relaxation of the\n  number of phonons: We investigate the emergence of an astonishingly long pre-thermal plateau in\na classical phonon field, here a harmonic chain with on-site pinning.\nIntegrability is broken by a weak anharmonic on-site potential with strength\n$\\lambda$. In the small $\\lambda$ limit, the approach to equilibrium of a\ntranslation invariant initial state is described by kinetic theory. However,\nwhen the phonon band becomes narrow, we find that the (non-conserved) number of\nphonons relaxes on much longer time scales than kinetic. We establish rigorous\nbounds on the relaxation time, and develop a theory that yields exact\npredictions for the dissipation rate in the limit $\\lambda \\to 0$. We compare\nthe theoretical predictions with data from molecular dynamics simulations and\nfind good agreement. Our work shows how classical systems may exhibit phenomena\nwhich at the first glance appear to require quantization.",
        "positive": "Extension of a Borel subalgebra symmetry into the sl(2) loop algebra\n  symmetry for the twisted XXZ spin chain at roots of unity and the Onsager\n  algebra: We discuss a conjecture that the twisted transfer matrix of the six-vertex\nmodel at roots of unity with some discrete twist angles should have the sl(2)\nloop algebra symmetry. As an evidence of this conjecture, we show the following\nmathematical result on a subalgebra of the sl(2) loop algebra, which we call a\nBorel subalgebra: any given finite-dimensional highest weight representation of\nthe Borel subalgebra is extended into that of the sl(2) loop algebra, if the\nparameters associated with it are nonzero. Thus, if operators commuting or\nanti-commuting with the twisted transfer matrix of the six-vertex model at\nroots of unity generate the Borel subalgebra, then they also generate the sl(2)\nloop algebra. The result should be useful for studying the connection of the\nsl(2) loop algebra symmetry to the Onsager algebra symmetry of the\nsuperintegrable chiral Potts model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic Foundation of Stochastic Game Dynamical Equations: The game dynamical equations are derived from Boltzmann-like equations for\nindividual pair interactions by assuming a certain kind of imitation behavior,\nthe so-called proportional imitation rule. They can be extended to a stochastic\nformulation of evolutionary game theory which allows the derivation of\napproximate and corrected mean value and covariance equations. It is shown\nthat, in the case of phase transitions (i.e. multi-modal probability\ndistributions), the mean value equations do not agree with the game dynamical\nequations. Therefore, their exact meaning is carefully discussed. Finally, some\ngeneralizations of the behavioral model are presented, including effects of\nexpectations, other kinds of interactions, several subpopulations, or memory\neffects.",
        "positive": "The Nos\u00e9-Hoover, Dettmann, and Hoover-Holian Oscillators: To follow up recent work of Xiao-Song Yang on the Nos\\'e-Hoover oscillator we\nconsider Dettmann's harmonic oscillator, which relates Yang's ideas directly to\nHamiltonian mechanics. We also use the Hoover-Holian oscillator to relate our\nmechanical studies to Gibbs' statistical mechanics. All three oscillators are\ndescribed by a coordinate $q$ and a momentum $p$. Additional control variables\n$(\\zeta, \\xi)$ vary the energy. Dettmann's description includes a time-scaling\nvariable $s$, as does Nos\\'e's original work. Time scaling controls the rates\nat which the $(q,p,\\zeta)$ variables change. The ergodic Hoover-Holian\noscillator provides the stationary Gibbsian probability density for the\ntime-scaling variable $s$. Yang considered {\\it qualitative} features of\nNos\\'e-Hoover dynamics. He showed that longtime Nos\\'e-Hoover trajectories\nchange energy, repeatedly crossing the $\\zeta = 0$ plane. We use moments of the\nmotion equations to give two new, different, and brief proofs of Yang's\nlong-time limiting result."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Immunization and Aging: a Learning Process in the Immune Network: The immune system can be thought as a complex network of different\ninteracting elements. A cellular automaton, defined in shape-space, was\nrecently shown to exhibit self-regulation and complex behavior and is,\ntherefore, a good candidate to model the immune system. Using this model to\nsimulate a real immune system we find good agreement with recent experiments on\nmice. The model exhibits the experimentally observed refractory behavior of the\nimmune system under multiple antigen presentations as well as loss of its\nplasticity caused by aging.",
        "positive": "On the Adam-Gibbs-Wolynes scenario for the viscosity increase in glasses: We reformulate the interpretation of the mean-field glass transition scenario\nfor finite dimensional systems, proposed by Wolynes and collaborators.\n  This allows us to establish clearly a temperature dependent length xi* above\nwhich the mean-field glass transition picture has to be modified. We argue in\nfavor of the mosaic state introduced by Wolynes and collaborators, which leads\nto the Adam-Gibbs relation between the viscosity and configurational entropy of\nglass forming liquids.\n  Our argument is a mixture of thermodynamics and kinetics, partly inspired by\nthe Random Energy\n  Model: small clusters of particles are thermodynamically frozen in low energy\nstates, whereas large clusters are kinetically frozen by large activation\nenergies. The relevant relaxation time is that of the smallest `liquid'\nclusters. Some physical consequences are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusive thermal dynamics for the spin-S Ising ferromagnet: We introduce an alternative thermal diffusive dynamics for the spin-S Ising\nferromagnet realized by means of a random walker. The latter hops across the\nsites of the lattice and flips the relevant spins according to a probability\ndepending on both the local magnetic arrangement and the temperature. The\nrandom walker, intended to model a diffusing excitation, interacts with the\nlattice so that it is biased towards those sites where it can achieve an energy\ngain. In order to adapt our algorithm to systems made up of arbitrary spins,\nsome non trivial generalizations are implied. In particular, we will apply the\nnew dynamics to two-dimensional spin-1/2 and spin-1 systems analyzing their\nrelaxation and critical behavior. Some interesting differences with respect to\ncanonical results are found; moreover, by comparing the outcomes from the\nexamined cases, we will point out their main features, possibly extending the\nresults to spin-S systems.",
        "positive": "Exact Potts Model Partition Functions for Strips of the Triangular\n  Lattice: We present exact calculations of the Potts model partition function Z(G,q,v)\nfor arbitrary q and temperature-like variable v on n-vertex strip graphs G of\nthe triangular lattice for a variety of transverse widths equal to L vertices\nand for arbitrarily great length equal to m vertices, with free longitudinal\nboundary conditions and free and periodic transverse boundary conditions. These\nhave the form Z(G,q,v)=\\sum_{j=1}^{N_{Z,G,\\lambda}}\nc_{Z,G,j}(\\lambda_{Z,G,j})^{m-1}. We give general formulas for N_{Z,G,j} and\nits specialization to v=-1 for arbitrary L. The free energy is calculated\nexactly for the infinite-length limit of the graphs, and the thermodynamics is\ndiscussed. It is shown how the internal energy calculated for the case of\ncylindrical boundary conditions is connected with critical quantities for the\nPotts model on the infinite triangular lattice. Considering the full\ngeneralization to arbitrary complex q and v, we determine the singular locus\n{\\cal B}, arising as the accumulation set of partition function zeros as\nm\\to\\infty, in the q plane for fixed v and in the v plane for fixed q."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Gibbs states on a Bose-Hubbard lattice: We study the equilibrium properties of the repulsive quantum Bose-Hubbard\nmodel at high temperatures in arbitrary dimensions, with and without disorder.\nIn its microcanonical setting the model conserves energy and particle number.\nThe microcanonical dynamics is characterized by a pair of two densities: energy\ndensity $\\varepsilon$ and particle number density $n$. The macrocanonical Gibbs\ndistribution also depends on two parameters: the inverse nonnegative\ntemperature $\\beta$ and the chemical potential $\\mu$. We prove the existence of\nnon-Gibbs states, that is, pairs $(\\varepsilon,n)$ which cannot be mapped onto\n$(\\beta,\\mu)$. The separation line in the density control parameter space\nbetween Gibbs and non-Gibbs states $\\varepsilon \\sim n^2$ corresponds to\ninfinite temperature $\\beta=0$. The non-Gibbs phase cannot be cured into a\nGibbs one within the standard Gibbs formalism using negative temperatures.",
        "positive": "One dimensional drift-diffusion between two absorbing boundaries:\n  application to granular segregation: Motivated by a novel method for granular segregation, we analyze the one\ndimensional drift-diffusion between two absorbing boundaries. The time\nevolution of the probability distribution and the rate of absorption are given\nby explicit formulae, the splitting probability and the mean first passage time\nare also calculated. Applying the results we find optimal parameters for\nsegregating binary granular mixtures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The journey of hydrogen to quantized vortex cores: Nanoscale hydrogen particles in superfluid helium track the motions of\nquantized vortices. This provides a way to visualize turbulence in the\nsuperfluid. Here, we trace the evolution of the hydrogen from a gas to frozen\nparticles migrating toward the cores of quantized vortices. Not only are the\nintervening processes interesting in their own right, but understanding them\nbetter leads to more revealing experiments.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in the antiferromagnetic XY model with a kagome\n  lattice: The ground state of the antiferromagnetic XY model with a kagome lattice is\ncharacterized by a well developed accidental degeneracy. As a consequence the\nphase transition in this system consists in unbinding of pairs of fractional\nvortices. Addition of the next-to-nearest neighbors (NNN) interaction leads to\nstabilization of the long-range order in chirality (staggered chirality). We\nshow that the phase transition, related with destruction of this long-range\norder, can happen as a separate phase transition below the temperature of the\nfractional vortex pairs unbinding only if the NNN coupling is extremely weak,\nand find how the temperature of this transition depends on coupling constants.\nWe also demonstarte that the antiferromagnetic ordering of chiralities and,\naccordingly, the presence of the second phase transition are induced by the\nfree energy of spin wave fluctuations even in absence of the NNN coupling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact quantum dissipative dynamics under external time-dependent fields\n  driving: Exact and nonperturbative quantum master equation can be constructed via the\ncalculus on path integral. It results in hierarchical equations of motion for\nthe reduced density operator. Involved are also a set of well--defined\nauxiliary density operators that resolve not just system--bath coupling\nstrength but also memory. In this work, we scale these auxiliary operators\nindividually to achieve a uniform error tolerance, as set by the reduced\ndensity operator. An efficient propagator is then proposed to the hierarchical\nLiouville--space dynamics of quantum dissipation. Numerically exact studies are\ncarried out on the dephasing effect on population transfer in the simple\nstimulated Raman adiabatic passage scheme. We also make assessments on several\nperturbative theories for their applicabilities in the present system of study.",
        "positive": "Fluctuations in out of equilibrium systems: from theory to experiment: We introduce from an experimental point of view the main concepts of\nfluctuation theorems for work, heat and entropy production in out of\nequilibrium systems. We will discuss the important difference between the\napplications of these concepts to stochastic systems and to a second class of\nsystems (chaotic systems) where the fluctuations are induced either by chaotic\nflows or by fluctuating driving forces. We will mainly analyze the stochastic\nsystems using the measurements performed in two experiments : a) a harmonic\noscillator driven out of equilibrium by an external force b) a colloidal\nparticle trapped in a time dependent double well potential. We will rapidly\ndescribe some consequences of fluctuation theorems and some useful applications\nto the analysis of experimental data. As an example the case of a molecular\nmotor will be analyzed in some details. Finally we will discuss the problems\nrelated to the applications of fluctuation theorems to chaotic systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The relation between the structure of blocked clusters and the\n  relaxation dynamics in kinetically-constrained models: We investigate the relation between the cooperative length and the relaxation\ntime, represented respectively by the culling time and the persistence time, in\nthe Fredrickson-Andersen, Kob-Andersen and spiral kinetically-constrained\nmodels. By mapping the dynamics to diffusion of defects, we find a relation\nbetween the persistence time, $\\tau_{p}$, which is the time until a particle\nmoves for the first time, and the culling time, $\\tau_{c}$, which is the\nminimal number of particles that need to move before a specific particle can\nmove, $\\tau_{p}=\\tau^{\\gamma}_{c}$, where $\\gamma$ is model- and dimension\ndependent. We also show that the persistence function in the Kob-Andersen and\nFredrickson-Andersen models decays subexponentially in time,\n$P(t)=exp[-(t/\\tau)^{\\beta}]$, but unlike previous works we find that the\nexponent $\\beta$ appears to decay to 0 as the particle density approaches 1.",
        "positive": "Optimal control theory for maximum power of Brownian heat engines: The pursuit of achieving the maximum power in microscopic thermal engines has\ngained increasing attention in recent studies of stochastic thermodynamics. We\nemploy the optimal control theory to study the performance of Brownian heat\nengines and determine the optimal heat-engine cycles in generic damped\nsituation, which were previously known only in the overdamped and the\nunderdamped limits. These optimal cycles include two isothermal processes, two\nadiabatic processes, and an extra isochoric relaxation process at the upper\nstiffness constraint. Our results not only interpolate the optimal cycles\nbetween the overdamped and the underdamped limits, but also determine the\nappropriate friction coefficient of the Brownian heat engine to achieve the\nmaximum power. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of\nhigh-performance Brownian heat engines in experimental setups."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic metrology and the empirical distribution: We study the problem of parameter estimation in time series stemming from\ngeneral stochastic processes, where the outcomes may exhibit arbitrary temporal\ncorrelations. In particular, we address the question of how much Fisher\ninformation is lost if the stochastic process is compressed into a single\nhistogram, known as the empirical distribution. As we show, the answer is\nnon-trivial due to the correlations between outcomes. We derive practical\nformulas for the resulting Fisher information for various scenarios, from\ngeneric stationary processes to discrete-time Markov chains to continuous-time\nclassical master equations. The results are illustrated with several examples.",
        "positive": "A direct calculation of critical exponents of two-dimensional\n  anisotropic Ising model: Using an exact solution of the one-dimensional (1D) quantum transverse-field\nIsing model (TFIM), we calculate the critical exponents of the two-dimensional\n(2D) anisotropic classical Ising model (IM). We verify that the exponents are\nthe same as those of isotropic classical IM. Our approach provides an\nalternative means of obtaining and verifying these well-known results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling of local roughness distributions: Local roughness distributions (LRDs) are studied in the growth regimes of\nlattice models in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) class in 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions\nand in a model of the Villain-Lai-Das Sarma (VLDS) growth class in 2+1\ndimensions. The squared local roughness w_2 is defined as the variance of the\nheight inside a box of lateral size r and the LRD P_r(w_2) is sampled as this\nbox glides along a surface with size L >> r. The variation coefficient C and\nthe skewness S of the distributions are functions of the scaled box size r /\nxi, where xi(t) is a correlation length. For r <~ 0.3 xi, plateaus of C and S\nare observed, but with a small time dependence. For a quantitative\ncharacterization of the universal LRD, extrapolation of these values with\npower-law corrections in time are performed. The reliability of this procedure\nis confirmed in 1+1 dimensions by comparison of results of the restricted\nsolid-on-solid model and theoretically predicted values of Edwards-Wilkinson\ninterfaces. For r >> xi, C and S vanish because the LRD converges to a Dirac\ndelta function. This confirms the inadequacy of extrapolations of amplitude\nratios to r -> infinity, as proposed in recent works. On the other hand, it\nhighlights the advantage of scaling LRDs by the average instead of scaling by\nthe variance due to the usually higher accuracy of C compared to S. The scaled\nLRD of the VLDS model is very close to the KPZ one due to the small difference\nbetween their variation coefficients and the plateaus of C and S are very\nnarrow due to the slow time increase of xi. These results suggest that\nexperimental LRDs obtained in short growth times and with limited resolution\nmay be inconclusive to determine their universality classes if data accuracy is\nlow and/or data extrapolation to the long time limit is not feasible.",
        "positive": "The Random Fuse Network as a Dipolar Magnet: We introduce an approximate mapping between the random fuse network (RFN) and\na random field dipolar Ising model (RFDIM). The state of the network damage is\nassociated with a metastable spin configuration. A mean-field treatment,\nnumerical solutions, and heuristic arguments support the broad validity of the\napproximation and yield a generic phase diagram. At low disorder, the growth of\na single unstable `crack' leads to an abrupt global failure. Beyond a critical\ndisorder, the conducting network sustains significant damage before the\ncoalescence of cracks results in global failure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum spin chains with site dissipation: We use Monte Carlo simulations to study chains of Ising- and XY-spins with\ndissipation coupling to the site variables. The phase diagram and critical\nexponents of the dissipative Ising chain in a transverse magnetic field have\nbeen computed previously, and here we consider a universal ratio of\nsusceptibilities. We furthermore present the phase diagram and exponents of the\ndissipative XY-chain, which exhibits a second order phase transition. All our\nresults compare well with the predictions from a dissipative $\\phi^4$ field\ntheory.",
        "positive": "Superposition of Random Plane Waves in High Spatial Dimensions: Random\n  Matrix Approach to Landscape Complexity: Motivated by current interest in understanding statistical properties of\nrandom landscapes in high-dimensional spaces, we consider a model of the\nlandscape in $\\mathbb{R}^N$ obtained by superimposing $M>N$ plane waves of\nrandom wavevectors and amplitudes. For this landscape we show how to compute\nthe \"annealed complexity\" controlling the asymptotic growth rate of the mean\nnumber of stationary points as $N\\to \\infty$ at fixed ratio $\\alpha=M/N>1$. The\nframework of this computation requires us to study spectral properties of\n$N\\times N$ matrices $W=KTK^T$, where $T$ is diagonal with $M$ mean zero i.i.d.\nreal normally distributed entries, and all $MN$ entries of $K$ are also i.i.d.\nreal normal random variables. We suggest to call the latter Gaussian\nMarchenko-Pastur Ensemble, as such matrices appeared in the seminal 1967 paper\nby those authors. We compute the associated mean spectral density and evaluate\nsome moments and correlation functions involving products of characteristic\npolynomials for such and related matrices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of Skyrmionic Diffusion: Hidden Diffusion Coeffcients and\n  Breathing Diffusion: Time evolution of the position-velocity correlation functions (PVCF) plays a\nkey role in a new formalism of Brownian motion. A system of differential\nequations, which governs PVCF, is derived for magnetic Skyrmions on a\n2-dimensional magnetic thin film with thermal agitation. In the formalism, a\nnew type of diffusion coeffcient is introduced which does not come out in the\nusual diffusion equations. The mean-square displacement (MSD) is obtained from\nthe PVCF and found that it oscillates in time when the damping constant is\nsmall. It is also shown, even for a structureless particle, that the famous\nOrnstein-Fuerth formula should be corrected taking a proper initial value of\nPVCF into account.",
        "positive": "Lattice versus Lennard-Jones models with a net particle flow: We present and study lattice and off-lattice microscopic models in which\nparticles interact via a local anisotropic rule. The rule induces preferential\nhopping along one direction, so that a net current sets in if allowed by\nboundary conditions. This may be viewed as an oversimplification of the\nsituation concerning certain traffic and flow problems. The emphasis in our\nstudy is on the influence of dynamic details on the resulting (non-equilibrium)\nsteady state. In particular, we shall discuss on the similarities and\ndifferences between a lattice model and its continuous counterpart, namely, a\nLennard-Jones analogue in which the particles' coordinates vary continuously.\nOur study, which involves a large series of computer simulations, in particular\nreveals that spatial discretization will often modify the resulting\nmorphological properties and even induce a different phase diagram and\ncriticality."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Model order reduction for the TASEP Master equation: The totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) is a stochastic model\nfor the unidirectional dynamics of interacting particles on a 1D-lattice that\nis much used in systems biology and statistical physics. Its master equation\ndescribes the evolution of the probability distribution on the state space. The\nsize of the master equation grows exponentially with the length of the lattice.\nIt is known that the complexity of the system may be reduced using mean field\napproximations. We provide a rigorous derivation and a stochastic\ninterpretation of these approximations and present numerical results on their\naccuracy for a number of relevant cases",
        "positive": "Records in the classical and quantum standard map: Record statistics is the study of how new highs or lows are created and\nsustained in any dynamical process. The study of the highest or lowest records\nconstitute the study of extreme values. This paper represents an exploration of\nrecord statistics for certain aspects of the classical and quantum standard\nmap. For instance the momentum square or energy records is shown to behave like\nthat of records in random walks when the classical standard map is in a regime\nof hard chaos. However different power laws is observed for the mixed phase\nspace regimes. The presence of accelerator modes are well-known to create\nanomalous diffusion and we notice here that the record statistics is very\nsensitive to their presence. We also discuss records in random vectors and use\nit to analyze the {\\it quantum} standard map via records in their eigenfunction\nintensities, reviewing some recent results along the way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous Transmission in a Hierarchical Lattice: We present an analytical method of studying \"extended\" electronic eigenstates\nof a diamond hierarchical lattice, which may be taken as the simplest of the\nhierarchical models recently proposed for stretched polymers. We use intuitive\narguments and a renormalization-group method to determine the distribution of\namplitudes of the wave functions corresponding to some of these \"extended\"\neigenstates. An exact analysis of the end-to-end transmission property of\narbitrarily large finite lattices reveals an anomalous behavoiur. It is seen\nthat while for a special value of the energy the lattice, however large,\nbecomes completely transparent to an incoming electron, for the other energy\neigenvalues the transmission decreases with system size. For one such energy\neigenvalue we analytically obtain the precise scaling form of the transmission\ncoefficient. The same method can easily be adopted for other energies.",
        "positive": "Odd thermodynamic limit for the Loschmidt echo: Is it possible to readily distinguish a system made by an Avogadro's number\nof identical elements and one with a single additional one? Usually, the answer\nto this question is negative but, in this work, we show that in\nantiferromagnetic quantum spin rings a simple out-of-equilibrium experiment can\ndo so, yielding two qualitatively and quantitatively different outcomes\ndepending on whether the system includes an even or an odd number of elements.\nWe consider a local quantum-quench setup and calculate a generating function of\nthe work done, namely, the Loschmidt echo, showing that it displays different\nfeatures depending on the presence or absence of topological frustration, which\nis triggered by the even/oddness in the number of the chain sites. We employ\nthe prototypical quantum Ising chain to illustrate this phenomenology, which we\nargue being generic for antiferromagnetic spin chains, as it stems primarily\nfrom the different low energy spectra of frustrated and non frustrated chains.\nOur results thus prove that these well-known spectral differences lead indeed\nto distinct observable characteristics and open the way to harvest them in\nquantum thermodynamics protocols."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic critical exponents of the Ising model with multispin\n  interactions: We revisit the short-time dynamics of 2D Ising model with three spin\ninteractions in one direction and estimate the critical exponents $z,$\n$\\theta,$ $\\beta$ and $\\nu$. Taking properly into account the symmetry of the\nHamiltonian we obtain results completely different from those obtained by Wang\net al.. For the dynamic exponent $z$ our result coincides with that of the\n4-state Potts model in two dimensions. In addition, results for the static\nexponents $\\nu$ and $\\beta$ agree with previous estimates obtained from finite\nsize scaling combined with conformal invariance. Finally, for the new dynamic\nexponent $\\theta$ we find a negative and close to zero value, a result also\nexpected for the 4-state Potts model according to Okano et al.",
        "positive": "Topology of correlation based minimal spanning trees in real and model\n  markets: We present here a topological characterization of the minimal spanning tree\nthat can be obtained by considering the price return correlations of stocks\ntraded in a financial market. We compare the minimal spanning tree obtained\nfrom a large group of stocks traded at the New York Stock Exchange during a\n12-year trading period with the one obtained from surrogated data simulated by\nusing simple market models. We find that the empirical tree has features of a\ncomplex network that cannot be reproduced, even as a first approximation, by a\nrandom market model and by the one-factor model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Upper limit on the transition temperature for non-ideal Bose gases: In this paper we show that for a non-ideal Bose gas there exists an upper\nlimit on the transition temperature above which Bose-Einstein condensation\ncannot occur regardless of the pressure applied. Such upper limits for some\nrealistic Bose gases are estimated. This result implies that there may also\nexist an upper limit on the transition temperature of superconductors.",
        "positive": "Denaturation of Circular DNA: Supercoils and Overtwist: The denaturation transition of circular DNA is studied within a\nPoland-Scheraga type approach, generalized to account for the fact that the\ntotal linking number (LK), which measures the number of windings of one strand\naround the other, is conserved. In the model the LK conservation is maintained\nby invoking both overtwisting and writhing (supercoiling) mechanisms. This\ngeneralizes previous studies which considered each mechanism separately. The\nphase diagram of the model is analyzed as a function of the temperature and the\nelastic constant $\\kappa$ associated with the overtwisting energy for any given\nloop entropy exponent, $c$. As is the case where the two mechanisms apply\nseparately, the model exhibits no denaturation transition for $c \\le 2$. For\n$c>2$ and $\\kappa=0$ we find that the model exhibits a first order transition.\nThe transition becomes of higher order for any $\\kappa>0$. We also calculate\nthe contribution of the two mechanisms separately in maintaining the\nconservation of the linking number and find that it is weakly dependent on the\nloop exponent $c$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum criticality of spinons: The free fermion nature of interacting spins in one dimensional (1D) spin\nchains still lacks a rigorous study. In this letter we show that the length-$1$\nspin strings significantly dominate critical properties of spinons, magnons and\nfree fermions in the 1D antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 chain. Using the Bethe\nansatz solution we analytically calculate exact scaling functions of thermal\nand magnetic properties of the model, providing a rigorous understanding of the\nquantum criticality of spinons. It turns out that the double peaks in specific\nheat elegantly mark two crossover temperatures fanning out from the critical\npoint, indicating three quantum phases: the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL),\nquantum critical and fully polarized ferromagnetic phases. For the TLL phase,\nthe Wilson ratio $R_W=4K_s$ remains almost temperature-independent, here $K_s$\nis the Luttinger parameter. Furthermore, applying our results we precisely\ndetermine the quantum scalings and critical exponents of all magnetic\nproperties in the ideal 1D spin-1/2 antiferromagnet\nCu(C${}_4$H${}_4$N${}_2$)(NO${}_3$)${}_2$ recently studied in Phys. Rev. Lett.\n{\\bf 114}, 037202 (2015)]. We further find that the magnetization peak used in\nexperiments is not a good quantity to map out the finite temperature TLL phase\nboundary.",
        "positive": "On the first Sonine correction for granular gases: We consider the velocity distribution for a granular gas of inelastic hard\nspheres described by the Boltzmann equation. We investigate both the free of\nforcing case and a system heated by a stochastic force. We propose a new method\nto compute the first correction to Gaussian behavior in a Sonine polynomial\nexpansion quantified by the fourth cumulant $a_2$. Our expressions are compared\nto previous results and to those obtained through the numerical solution of the\nBoltzmann equation. It is numerically shown that our method yields very\naccurate results for small velocities of the rescaled distribution. We finally\ndiscuss the ambiguities inherent to a linear approximation method in $a_2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random Linear Systems with Quadratic Constraints: from Random Matrix\n  Theory to replicas and back: I present here a pedagogical introduction to the works by Rashel Tublin and\nYan V. Fyodorov on random linear systems with quadratic constraints, using\ntools from Random Matrix Theory and replicas. These notes illustrate and\ncomplement the material presented at the Summer School organised within the\nPuglia Summer Trimester 2023 in Bari (Italy). Consider a system of $M$ linear\nequations in $N$ unknowns, $\\sum_{j=1}^N A_{kj}x_j=b_k$ for $k=1,\\ldots,M$,\nsubject to the constraint that the solutions live on the $N$-sphere,\n$x_1^2+\\ldots + x_N^2=N$. Assume that both the coefficients $A_{ij}$ and the\nparameters $b_i$ be independent Gaussian random variables with zero mean. Using\ntwo different approaches -- based on Random Matrix Theory and on a replica\ncalculation -- it is possible to compute whether a large linear system subject\nto a quadratic constraint is typically solvable or not, as a function of the\nratio $\\alpha=M/N$ and the variance $\\sigma^2$ of the $b_i$'s. This is done by\ndefining a quadratic loss function $H({\\bf\nx})=\\frac{1}{2}\\sum_{k=1}^M\\left[\\sum_{j=1}^NA_{kj} x_j-b_k\\right]^2$ and\ncomputing the statistics of its minimal value on the sphere,\n$E_{min}=\\min_{||\\bf x||^2=N}H({\\bf x})$, which is zero if the system is\ncompatible, and larger than zero if it is incompatible. One finds that there\nexists a compatibility threshold $0<\\alpha_c<1$, such that systems with\n$\\alpha>\\alpha_c$ are typically incompatible. This means that even weakly\nunder-complete linear systems could become typically incompatible if forced to\nadditionally obey a quadratic constraint.",
        "positive": "Phase separation kinetics of a symmetric binary mixture of glass-forming\n  liquids: Mixtures of glass-forming fluids sometimes exhibit glass-glass phase\nseparation at low temperatures. Here, we use a molecular dynamics simulation to\nstudy one of the simplest examples of the glass-glass phase separation. We\nconsider a mixture composed of type A and B particles, in which the A-A and B-B\ninteractions are the identical Lennard-Jones interactions and the A-B\ninteraction is repulsive only. To avoid crystallization, we also introduce the\npolydispersity in the particle sizes for each component. We study the phase\nseparation kinetics of this model at a 50:50 concentration at various\ntemperatures. We find that hydrodynamic coarsening takes place when the\ntemperature is higher than the onset temperature of the glassy dynamics. At\nlower temperatures, diffusive coarsening is observed over a long duration, and\na further slower coarsening appears within a shorter time. Below the glass\ntransition temperature, the domain growth does not stop but becomes\nlogarithmically slow or even slower than logarithmic. By analyzing two-time\ncorrelation functions, we show that these slow coarsening processes are\naccompanied by a slowing down of the microscopic dynamics, which has\nqualitative similarities with the aging dynamics without phase separation.\nBased on the results, we discuss a possible link between the slow coarsening\nand the aging-like microscopic slowing down in the glass-glass phase\nseparation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Steady-state dynamics of exclusion process with local reversible\n  association of particles: Many biological processes are supported by special molecules, called motor\nproteins or molecular motors, that transport cellular cargoes along linear\nprotein filaments and can reversibly associate to their tracks. Stimulated by\nthese observations, we developed a theoretical model for collective dynamics of\nbiological molecular motors that accounts for local association/dissociation\nevents. In our approach, the particles interacting only via exclusion move\nalong a lattice in the preferred direction, while the reversible associations\nare allowed at the specific site far away from the boundaries. Considering the\nassociation/dissociation site as a local defect, the inhomogeneous system is\napproximated as two coupled homogeneous sub-lattices. This allows us to obtain\na full description of stationary dynamics in the system. It is found that the\nnumber and nature of steady-state phases strongly depend on the values of\nassociation and dissociation transition rates. Microscopic arguments to explain\nthese observations, as well as biological implications, are also discussed.\nTheoretical predictions agree well with extensive Monte Carlo computer\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Site percolation thresholds on triangular lattice with complex\n  neighborhoods: We determine thresholds $p_c$ for random site percolation on a triangular\nlattice for neighbourhoods containing nearest (NN), next-nearest (2NN),\nnext-next-nearest (3NN), next-next-next-nearest (4NN) and\nnext-next-next-next-nearest (5NN) neighbours, and their combinations forming\nregular hexagons (3NN+2NN+NN, 5NN+4NN+NN, 5NN+4NN+3NN+2NN, 5NN+4NN+3NN+2NN+NN).\nWe use a fast Monte Carlo algorithm, by Newman and Ziff [M. E. J. Newman and R.\nM. Ziff, Physical Review E 64, 016706 (2001)], for obtaining the dependence of\nthe largest cluster size on occupation probability. The method is combined with\na method, by Bastas et al. [N. Bastas, K. Kosmidis, P. Giazitzidis, and M.\nMaragakis, Physical Review E 90, 062101 (2014)], of estimating thresholds from\nlow statistics data. The estimated values of percolation thresholds are\n$p_c(\\text{4NN})=0.192410(43)$, $p_c(\\text{3NN+2NN})=0.232008(38)$,\n$p_c(\\text{5NN+4NN})=0.140286(5)$, $p_c(\\text{3NN+2NN+NN})=0.215484(19)$,\n$p_c(\\text{5NN+4NN+NN})=0.131792(58)$,\n$p_c(\\text{5NN+4NN+3NN+2NN})=0.117579(41)$,\n$p_c(\\text{5NN+4NN+3NN+2NN+NN})=0.115847(21)$. The method is tested on the\nstandard case of site percolation on triangular lattice, where\n$p_c(\\text{NN})=p_c(\\text{2NN})=p_c(\\text{3NN})=p_c(\\text{5NN})=\\frac{1}{2}$ is\nrecovered with five digits accuracy $p_c(\\text{NN})=0.500029(46)$ by averaging\nover one thousand lattice realisations only."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unsteady thermal transport in an instantly heated semi-infinite free end\n  Hooke chain: We consider unsteady ballistic heat transport in a semi-infinite Hooke chain\nwith free end and arbitrary initial temperature profile. An analytical\ndescription of the evolution of the kinetic temperature is proposed in both\ndiscrete (exact) and continuum (approximate) formulations. By comparison of the\ndiscrete and continuum descriptions of kinetic temperature field, we reveal\nsome restrictions to the latter. Specifically, the far-field kinetic\ntemperature is well described by the continuum solution, which, however,\ndeviates near and at the free end (boundary). We show analytically that, after\nthermal wave reflects from the boundary, the discrete solution for the kinetic\ntemperature undergoes a jump near the free end. A comparison of the\ndescriptions of heat propagation in the semi-infinite and infinite Hooke chains\nis presented. Results of the current paper are expected to provide insight into\nnon-stationary heat transport in the semi-infinite lattices.",
        "positive": "A Master equation approach to modeling an artificial protein motor: Linear bio-molecular motors move unidirectionally along a track by\ncoordinating several different processes, such as fuel (ATP) capture,\nhydrolysis, conformational changes, binding and unbinding from a track, and\ncenter-of-mass diffusion. A better understanding of the interdependencies\nbetween these processes, which take place over a wide range of different time\nscales, would help elucidate the general operational principles of molecular\nmotors. Artificial molecular motors present a unique opportunity for such a\nstudy because motor structure and function are a priori known. Here we describe\nuse of a Master equation approach, integrated with input from Langevin and\nmolecular dynamics modeling, to stochastically model a molecular motor across\nmany time scales. We apply this approach to a specific concept for an\nartificial protein motor, the Tumbleweed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Eigenvector localization in hypergraphs: pair-wise vs higher-order links: Localization behaviours of Laplacian eigenvectors of complex networks provide\nunderstanding to various dynamical phenomena on the corresponding complex\nsystems. We numerically investigate role of hyperedges in driving eigenvector\nlocalization of hypergraphs Laplacians. By defining a single parameter \\gamma\nwhich measures the relative strengths of pair-wise and higher-order\ninteractions, we analyze the impact of interactions on localization properties.\nFor, \\gamma < 1 there exists no impact of pairwise links on eigenvector\nlocalization while the higher-order interactions instigate localization in the\nlarger eigenvalues. For \\gamma > 1, pair-wise interactions cause localization\nof eigenvector corresponding to small eigenvalues, where as higherorder\ninteractions, despite being much lesser than the pair-wise links, keep driving\nlocalization of the eigenvectors corresponding to larger eigenvalues. The\nresults will be useful to understand dynamical phenomena such as diffusion, and\nrandom walks on a range of real-world complex systems having higher-order\ninteractions.",
        "positive": "An X-ray Scattering and Simulation Study of the Ordering Kinetics in\n  CuAu: A detailed numerical and experimental study of the ordering of the low\ntemperature tetragonal phase of CuAu is presented. The numerical simulations\nare based on a coarse-grained free energy derived from electronic structure\ncalculations of CuAu, while the experimental results are obtained from in situ\nx-ray scattering. Both theoretical and experimental work indicate a subtle\nkinetic competition between the ordered tetragonal phase and the metastable\nmodulated phase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum symmetrical statistical system: Ginibre-Girko ensemble: The Ginibre ensemble of complex random Hamiltonian matrices $H$ is\nconsidered. Each quantum system described by $H$ is a dissipative system and\nthe eigenenergies $Z_{i}$ of the Hamiltonian are complex-valued random\nvariables. For generic $N$-dimensional Ginibre ensemble analytical formula for\ndistribution of second difference $\\Delta^{1} Z_{i}$ of complex eigenenergies\nis presented. The distributions of real and imaginary parts of $\\Delta^{1}\nZ_{i}$ and also of its modulus and phase are provided for $N$=3. The results\nare considered in view of Wigner and Dyson's electrostatic analogy. General law\nof homogenization of eigenergies for different random matrix ensembles is\nformulated.",
        "positive": "The Rectified Second Law of Thermodynamics: Equilibrium thermodynamics is combined with Jarzynski's irreversible work\ntheorem to quantify the excess entropy produced by irreversible processes. The\nresulting rectified form of the second law parallels the first law, in the\nsense that it facilitates the experimental measurement of excess entropy\nchanges resulting from irreversible work and heat exchanges, just as the first\nlaw quantifies energy changes produced by either reversible or irreversible\nwork and heat exchanges. The general form of the rectified second law is\nfurther applied to a sub-class of quasi-static irreverisble (QSI) processes,\nfor which all the thermodynamic functions of both the system and surroundings\nremain continuously well-defined, thus facilitating excess entropy measurements\nby integrating exact differential functions along QSI paths. The results are\nillustrated by calculating the mechanical and thermal excess entropy produced\nby the irreversible unfolding of an RNA molecule."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The effect of detachment and attachment to a kink motion in the\n  asymmetric simple exclusion process: We study the dynamics of a kink in a one-lane asymmetric simple exclusion\nprocess with detachment and attachment of the particle at arbitrary sites. For\na system with one site of detachment and attachment we find that the kink is\ntrapped by the site, and the probability distribution of the kink position is\ndescribed by the overdumped Fokker-Planck equation with a V-shaped potential.\nOur results can be applied to the motion of a kink in arbitrary number of sites\nwhere detachment and attachment take place. When detachment and attachment take\nplace at every site, we confirm that the kink motion obeys the diffusion in a\nharmonic potential. We compare our results with the Monte Carlo simulation, and\ncheck the quantitative validity of our theoretical prediction of the diffusion\nconstant and the potential form.",
        "positive": "Reciprocal Relations Between Kinetic Curves: We study coupled irreversible processes. For linear or linearized kinetics\nwith microreversibility, $\\dot{x}=Kx$, the kinetic operator $K$ is symmetric in\nthe entropic inner product. This form of Onsager's reciprocal relations implies\nthat the shift in time, $\\exp (Kt)$, is also a symmetric operator. This\ngenerates the reciprocity relations between the kinetic curves. For example,\nfor the Master equation, if we start the process from the $i$th pure state and\nmeasure the probability $p_j(t)$ of the $j$th state ($j\\neq i$), and,\nsimilarly, measure $p_i(t)$ for the process, which starts at the $j$th pure\nstate, then the ratio of these two probabilities $p_j(t)/p_i(t)$ is constant in\ntime and coincides with the ratio of the equilibrium probabilities. We study\nsimilar and more general reciprocal relations between the kinetic curves. The\nexperimental evidence provided as an example is from the reversible water gas\nshift reaction over iron oxide catalyst. The experimental data are obtained\nusing Temporal Analysis of Products (TAP) pulse-response studies. These offer\nexcellent confirmation within the experimental error."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Domain growth within the backbone of the three-dimensional $\\pm J$\n  Edwards-Anderson spin glass: The goal of this work is to show that a ferromagnetic-like domain growth\nprocess takes place within the backbone of the three-dimensional $\\pm J$\nEdwards-Anderson (EA) spin glass model. To sustain this affirmation we study\nthe heterogeneities displayed in the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the model.\nWe show that both correlation function and mean flipping time distribution\npresent features that have a direct relation with spatial heterogeneities, and\nthat they can be characterized by the backbone structure. In order to gain\nintuition we analyze the pure ferromagnetic Ising model, where we show the\npresence of dynamical heterogeneities in the mean flipping time distribution\nthat are directly associated to ferromagnetic growing domains. We extend a\nmethod devised to detect domain walls in the Ising model to carry out a similar\nanalysis in the three-dimensional EA spin glass model. This allows us to show\nthat there exists a domain growth process within the backbone of this model.",
        "positive": "Run-and-tumble particles in speckle fields: The random energy landscapes developed by speckle fields can be used to\nconfine and manipulate a large number of micro-particles with a single laser\nbeam. By means of molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the static and\ndynamic properties of an active suspension of swimming bacteria embedded into\nspeckle patterns. Looking at the correlation of the density fluctuations and\nthe equilibrium density profiles, we observe a crossover phenomenon when the\nforces exerted by the speckles are equal to the bacteria's propulsion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergence of generalized hydrodynamics in the non-local Luttinger model: We propose the Luttinger model with finite-range interactions as a simple\ntractable example in 1+1 dimensions to analytically study the emergence of\nEuler-scale hydrodynamics in a quantum many-body system. This non-local\nLuttinger model is an exactly solvable quantum field theory somewhere between\nconformal and Bethe-ansatz integrable models. Applying the recent proposal of\ngeneralized hydrodynamics, we show that the model allows for fully explicit yet\nnon-trivial solutions of the resulting Euler-scale hydrodynamic equations.\nComparing with exact analytical non-equilibrium results valid at all time and\nlength scales, we show perfect agreement at the Euler scale when the\ninteractions are short range. A formal proof of the emergence of generalized\nhydrodynamics in the non-local Luttinger model is also given, and effects of\nlong-range interactions are briefly discussed.",
        "positive": "Shards of Broken Symmetry: Topological Defects as Traces of the Phase\n  Transition Dynamics: We discuss the origin of topological defects in phase transitions and analyze\ntheir role as a \"diagnostic tool\" in the study of the non-equilibrium dynamics\nof symmetry breaking. Homogeneous second order phase transitions are the focus\nof our attention, but the same paradigm is applied to the cross-over and\ninhomogeneous transitions. The discrepancy between the experimental results in\n3He and 4He is discussed in the light of recent numerical studies. The possible\nrole of the Ginzburg regime in determining the vortex line density for the case\nof a quench in 4He is raised and tentatively dismissed. The difference in the\nanticipated origin of the dominant signal in the two (3He and 4He) cases is\npointed out and the resulting consequences for the subsequent decay of\nvorticity are noted. The possibility of a significant discrepancy between the\neffective field theory and (quantum) kinetic theory descriptions of the order\nparameter is briefly touched upon, using atomic Bose-Einstein condensates as an\nexample."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Separation and Coarsening in One-Dimensional Driven Diffusive\n  Systems: Local Dynaimcs Leading to Long-Range Hamiltonians: A driven system of three species of particle diffusing on a ring is studied\nin detail. The dynamics is local and conserves the three densities. A simple\nargument suggesting that the model should phase separate and break the\ntranslational symmetry is given. We show that for the special case where the\nthree densities are equal the model obeys detailed balance and the steady-state\ndistribution is governed by a Hamiltonian with asymmetric long-range\ninteractions. This provides an explicit demonstration of a simple mechanism for\nbreaking of ergodicity in one dimension. The steady state of finite-size\nsystems is studied using a generalized matrix product ansatz. The coarsening\nprocess leading to phase separation is studied numerically and in a mean-field\nmodel. The system exhibits slow dynamics due to trapping in metastable states\nwhose number is exponentially large in the system size. The typical domain size\nis shown to grow logarithmically in time. Generalizations to a larger number of\nspecies are discussed.",
        "positive": "Phase ordering with a global conservation law: Ostwald ripening and\n  coalescence: Globally conserved phase ordering dynamics is investigated in systems with\nshort range correlations in the initial condition. A Ginzburg-Landau equation\nwith a global conservation law is employed as the phase field model. The\nconditions are found under which the sharp-interface limit of this equation is\nreducible to the area-preserving motion by curvature. Numerical simulations\nshow that, for both critical and off-critical quench, the equal time pair\ncorrelation function exhibits dynamic scaling, and the characteristic\ncoarsening length obeys a power law in time with a 1/2 exponent. For the\ncritical quench, our results are in excellent agreement with earlier results.\nFor off-critical quench (Ostwald ripening) we investigate the dynamics of the\nsize distribution function of the minority phase domains. The simulations show\nthat, at large times, this distribution function has a self-similar form with\ngrowth exponent 1/2. The scaled distribution, however, strongly differs from\nthe classical Wagner distribution. We attribute this difference to coalescence\nof domains. A new theory of Ostwald ripening is developed that takes into\naccount binary coalescence events. The theoretical scaled distribution function\nagrees very well with that obtained in the simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Weakly-supervised learning on Schrodinger equation: We propose a machine learning method to solve Schrodinger equations for a\nHamiltonian that consists of an unperturbed Hamiltonian and a perturbation. We\nfocus on the cases where the unperturbed Hamiltonian can be solved analytically\nor solved numerically with some fast way. Given a potential function as input,\nour deep learning model predicts wave functions and energies using a\nweakly-supervised method. Information of first-order perturbation calculation\nfor randomly chosen perturbations is used to train the model. In other words,\nno label (or exact solution) is necessary for the training, which is why the\nmethod is called weakly-supervised, not supervised. The trained model can be\napplied to calculation of wave functions and energies of Hamiltonian containing\narbitrary perturbation. As an example, we calculated wave functions and\nenergies of a harmonic oscillator with a perturbation and results were in good\nagreement with those obtained from exact diagonalization.",
        "positive": "The effect of mixture lenghts of vehicles on the traffic flow behavior\n  in one-dimensional cellular automaton: The effect of mixture lengths of vehicles on the asymmetric exclusion model\nis studied using numerical simulations for both open and periodic boundaries in\nparallel dynamics. Densities are calculated as a function of the injecting\nrates $\\alpha1$ and $\\alpha2$ of vehicles type 1 and type 2 respectively, and\nthe phase diagram ($\\alpha1$,$\\alpha2$) is presented for a fixed value of the\nextracting rate $\\beta$. In this case the first order transition from low to\nhigh density phases occurs at $\\alpha1+\\alpha2=\\beta$ and disappears for\n$\\alpha2>\\beta$. While, in the case of one entry the gap which is a\ncharacteristic of the first order transition vanishes with increasing $\\alpha$\nfor n $\\neq 0$.However, the first order transition between high and low\ndensities exhibit an end point above which the global density undergoes a\ncontinuous passage. The end point coordinate depends strongly on the value of\nn. In the periodic boundaries case, the presence of vehicles type2 in the chain\nleads to a modification in the fundamental phase diagram (current, density).\nIndeed, the maximal current value decreases with increasing the concentration\nof vehicles type 2, and occurs at higher values of the global density in\ncontrast with what was found by Schadschneider et al \\cite{20}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Form factors of integrable higher-spin XXZ chains and the affine\n  quantum-group symmetry: We derive exactly scalar products and form factors for integrable higher-spin\nXXZ chains through the algebraic Bethe-ansatz method. Here spin values are\narbitrary and different spins can be mixed. We show the affine quantum-group\nsymmetry, $U_q(\\hat{sl_2})$, for the monodromy matrix of the XXZ spin chain,\nand then obtain the exact expressions. Furthermore, through the quantum-group\nsymmetry we explicitly derive the diagonalized forms of the $B$ and $C$\noperators in the $F$-basis for the spin-1/2 XXZ spin chain, which was\nconjectured in the algebraic Bethe-ansatz calculation of the XXZ correlation\nfunctions. The results should be fundamental in studying form factors and\ncorrelation functions systematically for various solvable models associated\nwith the integrable XXZ spin chains.",
        "positive": "Damage in Fiber Bundle Models: We introduce a continuous damage fiber bundle model that gives rise to\nmacroscopic plasticity and compare its behavior with that of dry fiber bundles.\nSeveral interesting constitutive behaviors are found in this model depending on\nthe value of the damage parameter and on the form of the disorder distribution.\nIn addition, we compare the behavior of global load transfer models with local\nload transfer models and study in detail the damage evolution before failure.\nWe emphasize the analogies between our results and spinodal nucleation in\nfirst-order phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Wave transmission, phonon localization and heat conduction of 1D\n  Frenkel-Kontorova chain: We study the transmission coefficient of a plane wave through a 1D finite\nquasi-periodic system -- the Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) model -- embedding in an\ninfinite uniform harmonic chain. By varying the mass of atoms in the infinite\nuniform chain, we obtain the transmission coefficients for {\\it all}\neigenfrequencies. The phonon localization of the incommensurated FK chain is\nalso studied in terms of the transmission coefficients and the Thouless\nexponents. Moreover, the heat conduction of Rubin-Greer-like model for FK chain\nat low temperature is calculated. It is found that the stationary heat flux\n$J(N)\\sim N^{\\alpha}$, and $\\alpha$ depends on the strength of the external\npotential.",
        "positive": "Anomalous scaling in a non local growth model in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n  universality class: We study the interface dynamics of a discrete model to quantitatively\ndescribe electrochemical deposition experiments. Extensive numerical\nsimulations indicate that the interface dynamics is unstable at early times,\nbut asymptotically displays the scaling of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality\nclass. During the time interval in which the surface is unstable, its power\nspectrum is anomalous; hence the behaviors at length scales smaller than or\ncomparable with the system size are described by different roughness exponents.\nThese results are expected to apply to a wide range of electrochemical\ndeposition experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First-Order Phase Transition with Breaking of Lattice Rotation Symmetry\n  in Continuous-Spin Model on Triangular Lattice: Using a Monte Carlo method, we study the finite-temperature phase transition\nin the two-dimensional classical Heisenberg model on a triangular lattice with\nor without easy-plane anisotropy. The model takes account of competing\ninteractions: a ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interaction $J_1$ and an\nantiferromagnetic third nearest-neighbor interaction $J_3$. As a result, the\nground state is a spiral spin configuration for $-4 < J_1/J_3 < 0$. In this\nstructure, global spin rotation cannot compensate for the effect of 120-degree\nlattice rotation, in contrast to the conventional 120-degree structure of the\nnearest-neighbor interaction model. We find that this model exhibits a\nfirst-order phase transition with breaking of the lattice rotation symmetry at\na finite temperature. The transition is characterized as a $Z_2$ vortex\ndissociation in the isotropic case, whereas it can be viewed as a $Z$ vortex\ndissociation in the anisotropic case. Remarkably, the latter is continuously\nconnected to the former as the magnitude of anisotropy decreases, in contrast\nto the recent work by Misawa and Motome [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. \\textbf{79} (2010)\n073001.] in which both the transitions were found to be continuous.",
        "positive": "The role of initial conditions in the ageing of the long-range spherical\n  model: The kinetics of the long-range spherical model evolving from various initial\nstates is studied. In particular, the large-time auto-correlation and -response\nfunctions are obtained, for classes of long-range correlated initial states,\nand for magnetized initial states. The ageing exponents can depend on certain\nqualitative features of initial states. We explicitly find the conditions for\nthe system to cross over from ageing classes that depend on initial conditions\nto those that do not."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gradually Truncated Power law distribution - Citation of scientists: Gradually Truncated Power law distribution - Citation of scientists\n  Hari M. Gupta, Jose R. Campanha and Bianca A. Ferrari Unesp - Physics Dpto. -\nRio Claro Sao Paulo - Brazil\n  Abstract\n  The number of times, a scientist is cited in other scientific publications is\nnow an important factor in his merit consideration. Normally citation indices\nof highly cited scientists are available, which in turn give information only\nabout the dynamics of the citation mechanism of this group. In the present\nwork, we studied the statistical distribution of the citation index of\nBrazilian scientists working in diverse areas, through Zipf-plot technique. As\nit is a small sub-group within the scientific community, it can better explain\nthe dynamics of citation index. We find that gradually truncated power law\ndistribution can explain well citation index. The distribution of citation of\nmost cited physicist can also be well explained.\n  We develop a model of citation, based on positive feedback, i.e. highly cited\nscientist, would get better financial help, and more students, which in turn\nhelp to form a large group working in the same topic and paper is cited more\ntimes. The limiting factor comes because of limited number of articles which\ncan be published in a particular sub-area due to limited number of scientific\njournal, where the article can be cited.",
        "positive": "Virtual potentials for feedback traps: The recently developed feedback trap can be used to create arbitrary virtual\npotentials, to explore the dynamics of small particles or large molecules in\ncomplex situations. Experimentally, feedback traps introduce several finite\ntime scales: there is a delay between the measurement of a particle's position\nand the feedback response; the feedback response is applied for a finite update\ntime; and a finite camera exposure integrates motion. We show how to\nincorporate such timing effects into the description of particle motion. For\nthe test case of a virtual quadratic potential, we give the first accurate\ndescription of particle dynamics, calculating the power spectrum and variance\nof fluctuations as a function of feedback gain, testing against simulations. We\nshow that for small feedback gains, the motion approximates that of a particle\nin an ordinary harmonic potential. Moreover, if the potential is varied in\ntime, for example by varying its stiffness, the work that is calculated\napproximates that done in an ordinary changing potential. The quality of the\napproximation is set by the ratio of the update time of the feedback loop to\nthe relaxation time of motion in the virtual potential."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A parallel algorithm for the enumeration of self-avoiding polygons on\n  the square lattice: We have developed a parallel algorithm that allows us to enumerate the number\nof self-avoiding polygons on the square lattice to perimeter length 110. We\nhave also extended the series for the first 10 area-weighted moments and the\nradius of gyration to 100. Analysis of the resulting series yields very\naccurate estimates of the connective constant $\\mu =2.63815853031(3)$ (biased)\nand the critical exponent $\\alpha = 0.5000001(2)$ (unbiased). In addition we\nobtain very accurate estimates for the leading amplitudes confirming to a high\ndegree of accuracy various predictions for universal amplitude combinations.",
        "positive": "The Bose Hubbard model with squeezed dissipation: The stationary properties of the Bose-Hubbard model under squeezed\ndissipation are investigated. The dissipative model does not possess a $U(1)$\nsymmetry, but parity is conserved: $\\langle a_j \\rangle \\to -\\langle a_j\n\\rangle$. We find that $\\langle a_j \\rangle = 0$ always holds, so no symmetry\nbreaking occurs. Without the onsite repulsion, the linear case is known to be\ncritical. At the critical point the system freezes to an EPR state with\ninfinite two mode entanglement. We show here that the correlations are rapidly\ndestroyed whenever the repulsion is switched on. Then, the system approaches a\nthermal state with an effective temperature defined in terms of the squeezing\nparameter in the dissipators. We characterize this transition by means of a\nGutzwiller {\\it ansatz} and the Gaussian Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Einstein-Boltzmann Relation for Thermodynamic and Hydrodynamic\n  Fluctuations: When making the connection between the thermodynamics of irreversible\nprocesses and the theory of stochastic processes through the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem, it is necessary to invoke a postulate of the\nEinstein-Boltzmann type. For convective processes hydrodynamic fluctuations\nmust be included, the velocity is a dynamical variable and although the entropy\ncannot depend directly on the velocity, $\\delta^{2} S$ will depend on velocity\nvariations. Some authors do not include velocity variations in $\\delta^{2} S$,\nand so have to introduce a non-thermodynamic function which replaces the\nentropy and does depend on the velocity. At first sight, it seems that the\nintroduction of such a function requires a generalisation of the\nEinstein-Boltzmann relation to be invoked. We review the reason why it is not\nnecessary to introduce such a function, and therefore why there is no need to\ngeneralise the Einstein-Boltzmann relation in this way. We then obtain the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem which shows some differences as compared with\nthe non-convective case. We also show that $\\delta^{2} S$ is a Liapunov\nfunction when it includes velocity fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Quantum Potts chain in alternating field: The $q$-state Potts chain with ferromagnetic couplings, $J=1$, in the\npresence of a transverse field, $\\Gamma$, has a quantum phase transition at\n$\\Gamma/q=1$, which is continuous for $q \\le 4$ and of first order for $q>4$.\nHere we introduce a $q$-periodic alternating longitudinal field of strength,\n$h$, and study the phase diagram and the critical properties of the model. For\n$h<q/(q-1)$ there is a ferromagnetic ordered phase, for $\\Gamma<\\Gamma_c(h)$\nand at $h=q/(q-1)$ there is a classical endpoint at $\\Gamma=0$, with finite\nentropy at $T=0$. We considered the $q=3$ model and using DMRG techniques we\ncalculated the low-laying spectrum of the Hamiltonian, the transverse\nmagnetisation and the spin-spin correlation function, all of which signalled a\ndiverging correlation length at the transition point with the exponent of the\nthree-state Potts model. In the vicinity of the classical endpoint the model is\nmapped to a quantum hard rod model, which belongs also to the universality\nclass of the three-state Potts model. Also the spectrum of the critical\nHamiltonian is found in agreement with conformal invariance. At the same time\nthe correlation function shows a jump at the transition point, thus the\ntransition is of mixed order for $h<q/(q-1)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Gaussian integral that counts regular graphs: In a recent article J. Phys. Compl. 4 (2023) 035005, Kawamoto evoked\nstatistical physics methods for the problem of counting graphs with a\nprescribed degree sequence. This treatment involved truncating a particular\nTaylor expansion at the first two terms, which resulted in the Bender-Canfield\nestimate for the graph counts. This is surprisingly successful since the\nBender-Canfield formula is asymptotically accurate for large graphs, while the\nseries truncation does not a priori suggest a similar level of accuracy.\n  We upgrade the above treatment in three directions. First, we derive an exact\nformula for counting d-regular graphs in terms of a d-dimensional Gaussian\nintegral. Second, we show how to convert this formula into an integral\nrepresentation for the generating function of d-regular graph counts. Third, we\nperform explicit saddle point analysis for large graph sizes and identify the\nsaddle point configurations responsible for graph count estimates. In these\nsaddle point configurations, only two of the integration variables condense to\nsignificant values, while the remaining ones approach zero for large graphs.\nThis provides an underlying picture that justifies Kawamoto's earlier findings.",
        "positive": "Phase determination with and without deep learning: Detection of phase transitions is a critical task in statistical physics,\ntraditionally pursued through analytic methods and direct numerical\nsimulations. Recently, machine-learning techniques have emerged as promising\ntools in this context, with a particular focus on supervised and unsupervised\nlearning methods, along with non-learning approaches. In this work, we study\nthe performance of unsupervised learning in detecting phase transitions in the\n$J_1$-$J_2$ Ising model on the square lattice. The model is chosen due to its\nsimplicity and complexity, thus providing an understanding of the application\nof machine-learning techniques in both straightforward and challenging\nscenarios. We propose a simple method based on a direct comparison of\nconfigurations. The reconstruction error, defined as the mean-squared distance\nbetween two configurations, is used to determine the critical temperatures\n($T_c$). The results from the comparison of configurations are contrasted with\nthat of the configurations generated by variational autoencoders. Our findings\nhighlight that for certain systems, a simpler method can yield results\ncomparable to more complex neural networks. This work contributes to the\nbroader understanding of machine-learning applications in statistical physics\nand introduces an efficient approach to the detection of phase transitions\nusing machine determination techniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mapping Monte Carlo to Langevin dynamics: A Fokker-Planck approach: We propose a general method of using the Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) to link\nthe Monte-Carlo (MC) and the Langevin micromagnetic schemes. We derive the\ndrift and disusion FPE terms corresponding to the MC method and show that it is\nanalytically equivalent to the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG)\nequation of Langevin-based micromagnetics. Subsequent results such as the time\nquantification factor for the Metropolis MC method can be rigorously derived\nfrom this mapping equivalence. The validity of the mapping is shown by the\nclose numerical convergence between the MC method and the LLG equation for the\ncase of a single magnetic particle as well as interacting arrays of particles.\nWe also found that our Metropolis MC is accurate for a large range of damping\nfactors $\\alpha$, unlike previous time-quantified MC methods which break down\nat low $\\alpha$, where precessional motion dominates.",
        "positive": "Bose Einstein condensation in a gas of the Fibonacci oscillators: We consider a system of the two-parameter deformed boson oscillators whose\nspectrum is given by a generalized Fibonacci sequence. In order to obtain the\nrole of the deformation parameters (q1,q2) on the thermostatistics of the\nsystem, we calculate several thermostatistical functions in the thermodynamical\nlimit and investigate the low-temperature behavior of the system. In this\nframework, we show that the thermostatistics of the (q1,q2)-bosons can be\nstudied by the formalism of Fibonacci calculus which generalizes the recently\nproposed formalism of q-calculus. We also discuss the conditions under which\nthe Bose-Einstein condensation would occur in the present two-parameter\ngeneralized boson gas. However, the ordinary boson gas results can be obtained\nby applying the limit q1=q2=1."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mass Segregation Phenomena using the Hamiltonian Mean Field Model: Mass segregation problem is thought to be entangled with the dynamical\nevolution of young stellar clusters \\cite{olczak}. This is a common sense in\nthe astrophysical community. In this work, the Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF)\nmodel with different masses is studied. A mass segregation phenomenon (MSP)\narises from this study as a dynamical feature. The MSP in the HMF model is a\nconsequence of the Landau damping (LD) and it appears in systems that the\ninteractions belongs to a long range regime. Actually HMF is a toy model known\nto show up the main characteristics of astrophysical systems due to the mean\nfield character of the potential and for different masses, as stellar and\ngalaxies clusters, also exhibits MSP. It is in this sense that computational\nsimulations focusing in what happens over the mass distribution in the phase\nspace are performed for this system. What happens through the violent\nrelaxation period and what stands for the quasi-stationary states (QSS) of this\ndynamics is analyzed. The results obtained support the fact that MSP is\nobserved already in the violent relaxation time and is maintained during the\nQSS. Some structures in the mass distribution function are observed. As a\nresult of this study the mass distribution is determined by the system dynamics\nand is independent of the dimensionality of the system. MSP occurs in a one\ndimensional system as a result of the long range forces that acts in the\nsystem. In this approach MSP emerges as a dynamical feature. We also show that\nfor HMF with different masses, the dynamical time scale is $N$.",
        "positive": "Diffusive transport on networks with stochastic resetting to multiple\n  nodes: We study the diffusive transport of Markovian random walks on arbitrary\nnetworks with stochastic resetting to multiple nodes. We deduce analytical\nexpressions for the stationary occupation probability and for the mean and\nglobal first passage times. This general approach allows us to characterize the\neffect of resetting on the capacity of random walk strategies to reach a\nparticular target or to explore the network. Our formalism holds for ergodic\nrandom walks and can be implemented from the spectral properties of the random\nwalk without resetting, providing a tool to analyze the efficiency of search\nstrategies with resetting to multiple nodes. We apply the methods developed\nhere to the dynamics with two reset nodes and derive analytical results for\nnormal random walks and L\\'evy flights on rings. We also explore the effect of\nresetting to multiple nodes on a comb graph, L\\'evy flights that visit specific\nlocations in a continuous space, and the Google random walk strategy on regular\nnetworks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coevolution of agents and networks: Opinion spreading and community\n  disconnection: We study a stochastic model for the coevolution of a process of opinion\nformation in a population of agents and the network which underlies their\ninteraction. Interaction links can break when agents fail to reach an opinion\nagreement. The structure of the network and the distribution of opinions over\nthe population evolve towards a state where the population is divided into\ndisconnected communities whose agents share the same opinion. The statistical\nproperties of this final state vary considerably as the model parameters are\nchanged. Community sizes and their internal connectivity are the quantities\nused to characterize such variations.",
        "positive": "The Information Geometry of the Spherical Model: Motivated by previous observations that geometrizing statistical mechanics\noffers an interesting alternative to more standard approaches,we have recently\ncalculated the curvature (the fundamental object in this approach) of the\ninformation geometry metric for the Ising model on an ensemble of planar random\ngraphs. The standard critical exponents for this model are alpha=-1, beta=1/2,\ngamma=2 and we found that the scalar curvature, R, behaves as\nepsilon^(-2),where epsilon = beta_c - beta is the distance from criticality.\nThis contrasts with the naively expected R ~ epsilon^(-3) and the apparent\ndiscrepancy was traced back to the effect of a negative alpha on the scaling of\nR.\n  Oddly,the set of standard critical exponents is shared with the 3D spherical\nmodel. In this paper we calculate the scaling behaviour of R for the 3D\nspherical model, again finding that R ~ epsilon^(-2), coinciding with the\nscaling behaviour of the Ising model on planar random graphs. We also discuss\nbriefly the scaling of R in higher dimensions, where mean-field behaviour sets\nin."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "SLE on doubly-connected domains and the winding of loop-erased random\n  walks: Two-dimensional loop-erased random walks (LERWs) are random planar curves\nwhose scaling limit is known to be a Schramm-Loewner evolution SLE_k with\nparameter k = 2. In this note, some properties of an SLE_k trace on\ndoubly-connected domains are studied and a connection to passive scalar\ndiffusion in a Burgers flow is emphasised. In particular, the endpoint\nprobability distribution and winding probabilities for SLE_2 on a cylinder,\nstarting from one boundary component and stopped when hitting the other, are\nfound. A relation of the result to conditioned one-dimensional Brownian motion\nis pointed out. Moreover, this result permits to study the statistics of the\nwinding number for SLE_2 with fixed endpoints. A solution for the endpoint\ndistribution of SLE_4 on the cylinder is obtained and a relation to reflected\nBrownian motion pointed out.",
        "positive": "A Generalized Smoluchowsky Equation: The Hydrodynamical and\n  Thermodynamical Picture of Brownian Motion: We present a systematic expansion of Kramers equation in the high friction\nlimit. The latter is expanded within an operator continued fraction scheme. The\nrelevant operators include both temporal and spatial derivatives and a\ncovariant derivate or gauge like operator associated to the potential energy.\nTrivially, the first order term yields the Smoluchowsky equation. The second\norder term is readily obtained, known as the corrected Smoluchowsky equation.\nFurther terms are computed in compact and straightforward fashion. As an\napplication, the nonequilibrium thermodynamics and hydrodynamical schemes for\nthe one dimensional Brownian motion is presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "System-bath entanglement theorem with Gaussian environments: In this work, we establish a so-called \"system-bath entanglement theorem\",\nfor arbitrary systems coupled with Gaussian environments. This theorem connects\nthe entangled system-bath response functions in the total composite space to\nthose of local systems, as long as the interacting bath spectral densities are\ngiven. We validate the theorem with the direct evaluation via the exact\ndissipaton-equation-of-motion approach. Therefore, this work enables various\nquantum dissipation theories, which originally describe only the reduced system\ndynamics, for their evaluations on the system-bath entanglement properties.\nNumerical demonstrations are carried out on the Fano interference\nspectroscopies of spin-boson systems.",
        "positive": "Growing interfaces in quenched disordered media: We present the microscopic equation of growing interface with quenched noise\nfor the Tang and Leschhorn model [{\\em Phys. Rev.} {\\bf A 45}, R8309 (1992)].\nThe evolution equations for the mean heigth and the roughness are reached in a\nsimple way. Also, an equation for the interface activity density (i.e.\ninterface density of free sites) as function of time is obtained. The\nmicroscopic equation allows us to express these equations in two contributions:\nthe diffusion and the substratum one. All the equation shows the strong\ninterplay between both contributions in the dynamics. A macroscopic evolution\nequation for the roughness is presented for this model for the critical\npressure $p=0.461$. The dynamical exponent $\\beta=0.629$ is analitically\nobtained in a simple way. Theoretical results are in excellent agreement with\nthe Monte Carlo simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kramers-Wannier symmetry and strong-weak-coupling duality in the\n  two-dimensional $\u03a6^{4}$ field model: It is found that the exact beta-function $\\beta(g)$ of the continuous 2D\n$g\\Phi^{4}$ model possesses two types of dual symmetries, these being the\nKramers-Wannier (KW) duality symmetry and the weak-strong-coupling symmetry\n$f(g)$, or S-duality. All these transformations are explicitly constructed. The\n$S$-duality transformation $f(g)$ is shown to connect domains of weak and\nstrong couplings, i.e. above and below $g^{*}$ with $g^{*}$ being a fixed\npoint. Basically it means that there is a tempting possibility to compute\nmultiloop Feynman diagrams for the $\\beta$-function using high-temperature\nlattice expansions. The regular scheme developed is found to be strongly\nunstable. Approximate values of the renormalized coupling constant $g^{*}$\nfound from duality symmetry equations are in good agreement with available\nnumerical results.",
        "positive": "How to generate a random growing network: We propose a construction procedure which generates a wide class of random\nevolving networks with fat-tailed degree distributions and an arbitrary\nclustering. This procedure applies the stochastic transformations of edges,\nwhich can be used as the basis of a real space renormalization group for\nevolving networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Hitchhiker model for Laplace diffusion processes in the cell\n  environment: Aggregation and fragmentation of single molecules in the cell environment\nlead to a spectrum of diffusivities and to statistical laws of movement very\ndifferent from typical Brownian motion. Current models of intracellular\ntransport do not explain at a microscopical level the emergence of theses\ndeviations. Employing a many body approach, which we call the Hitchhiker model,\nwe elucidate how the widely observed exponential tails in the particle\nspreading, i.e. the Laplace distribution and the modulations of the\ndiffusivities, are controlled by size fluctuations of single molecules. By\nmeans of numerical simulations Laplace distributions are obtained whether we\ntrack one molecule or many molecules in parallel. However, we show that the\ndiffusivity varies significantly depending on which tracking protocol is\napplied. Using a renewal process in the space of sizes, we quantify to what\nextent the average diffusivity in the single molecule technique is decreased\ncompared with the ensemble average.",
        "positive": "Restart could optimize the probability of success in a Bernoulli trial: Recently noticed ability of restart to reduce the expected completion time of\nfirst-passage processes allows appealing opportunities for performance\nimprovement in a variety of settings. However, complex stochastic processes\noften exhibit several possible scenarios of completion which are not equally\ndesirable in terms of efficiency. Here we show that restart may have profound\nconsequences on the splitting probabilities of a Bernoulli-like first-passage\nprocess, i.e. of a process which can end with one of two outcomes. Particularly\nintriguing in this respect is the class of problems where a carefully adjusted\nrestart mechanism maximizes probability that the process will complete in a\ndesired way. We reveal the universal aspects of this kind of optimal behaviour\nby applying the general approach recently proposed for the problem of\nfirst-passage under restart."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamics and transport in the long-range-interacting $\\varphi^4$\n  chain: We present a simulation study of the one-dimensional $\\varphi^4$ lattice\ntheory with long-range interactions decaying as an inverse power\n$r^{-(1+\\sigma)}$ of the intersite distance $r$, $\\sigma>0$. We consider the\ncases of single and double-well local potentials with both attractive and\nrepulsive couplings. The double-well, attractive case displays a phase\ntransition for $0<\\sigma \\le 1$ analogous to the Ising model with long-range\nferromagnetic interactions. A dynamical scaling analysis of both energy\nstructure factors and excess energy correlations shows that the effective\nhydrodynamics is diffusive for $\\sigma>1$ and anomalous for $0<\\sigma<1$ where\nfluctuations propagate superdiffusively. We argue that this is accounted for by\na fractional diffusion process and we compare the results with an effective\nmodel of energy transport based on L\\'evy flights. Remarkably, this result is\nfairly insensitive on the phase transition. Nonequilibrium simulations with an\napplied thermal gradient are in quantitative agreement with the above scenario.",
        "positive": "Velocity fluctuations of population fronts propagating into metastable\n  states: The position of propagating population fronts fluctuates because of the\ndiscreteness of the individuals and stochastic character of processes of birth,\ndeath and migration. Here we consider a Markov model of a population front\npropagating into a metastable state, and focus on the weak noise limit. For\ntypical, small fluctuations the front motion is diffusive, and we calculate the\nfront diffusion coefficient. We also determine the probability distribution of\nrare, large fluctuations of the front position and, for a given average front\nvelocity, find the most likely population density profile of the front.\nImplications of the theory for population extinction risk are briefly\nconsidered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Atomistic Simulation Framework for Molten Salt Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium\n  Prediction and its Application to NaCl: Knowledge of the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) properties of molten salts is\nimportant in the design of thermal energy storage systems for solar power and\nnuclear energy production applications. The high temperatures involved make\ntheir experimental determination problematic, and the development of both\nmacroscopic thermodynamic correlations and predictive molecular-based\nmethodologies are complicated by the requirement to appropriately incorporate\nthe chemically reacting vapor-phase species. We derive a general\nthermodynamic-based atomistic simulation framework for molten salt VLE\nprediction and show its application to NaCl. Its input quantities are\ntemperature-dependent ideal-gas free energy data for the vapor phase reactions,\nand density and residual chemical potential data for the liquid. If these are\nnot available experimentally, the former may be predicted using standard\nelectronic structure software, and the latter by means of classical atomistic\nsimulation methodology. The framework predicts the temperature dependence of\nvapor pressure, coexisting phase densities, vapor phase composition, and\nvaporization enthalpy. It also predicts the concentrations of vapor phase\nspecies present in minor amounts (such as the free ions), quantities that are\nextremely difficult to measure experimentally. We furthermore use the VLE\nresults to obtain approximations to the complete VLE binodal dome and the\ncritical properties. We verify the framework for molten NaCl, for which\nexperimentally based density and chemical potential data are available in the\nliterature. We then apply it to the analysis of NaCl simulation data for two\ncommonly used atomistic force fields. The framework can be readily extended to\nmolten salt mixtures and to ionic liquids.",
        "positive": "Sznajd sociophysics model on a triangular lattice: ferro and\n  antiferromagnetic opinions: The Sznajd sociophysics model is generalized on the triangular lattice with\npure antiferromagnetic opinion and also with both ferromagnetic and\nantiferromagnetic opinions. The slogan of the trade union \"united we stand,\ndivided we fall\" can be realized via the propagation of ferromagnetic opinion\nof adjacent people in the union, but the propagation of antiferromagnetic\nopinion can be observed among the third countries between two big super powers\nor among the family members of conflicting parents. Fixed points are found in\nboth models. The distributions of relaxation time of the mixed model are\ndisperse and become loser to log-normal as the initial concentration of down\nspins approaches 0.5, whereas for pure antiferromagnetic spins they are\ncollapsed into one master curve which is roughly lognormal. We do not see the\nphase transition in the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetization steps and cluster-type statistics for a diluted Heisenberg\n  antiferromagnet on the square lattice: Models with two exchange constants: The paper presents theoretical results on the magnetization of a diluted\nHeisenberg antiferromagnet on the square lattice for models with two exchange\nconstants (J1-J2 and J1-J3). Cluster with up to five spins (5/2) are\nconsidered.",
        "positive": "Emergence symmetry protected topological phase in spatially tuned\n  measurement-only circuit: Topological phase transition induced by spatially-tuned single-site\nmeasurement is investigated in a measurement-only circuit, in which three\ndifferent types of projective measurement operator. Specific spatial setting\nand combination of commutation relations among three measurement operators\ngenerate such a transition. In practice, symmetry protected topological (SPT)\nphase is recovered on even sublattice by eliminating a projective measurement\ndisturbing the SPT via applying another spatially-tuned projective measurement\non odd sublattice. We further investigate the critical properties of the phase\ntransition and find that it has the same critical exponents with the\ntwo-dimensional percolation transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Facilitated spin models in one dimension: a real-space renormalization\n  group study: We use a real-space renormalization group (RSRG) to study the low temperature\ndynamics of kinetically constrained Ising chains (KCICs). We consider the cases\nof the Fredrickson-Andersen (FA) model, the East model, and the partially\nasymmetric KCIC. We show that the RSRG allows one to obtain in a unified manner\nthe dynamical properties of these models near their zero-temperature critical\npoints. These properties include the dynamic exponent, the growth of dynamical\nlengthscales, and the behaviour of the excitation density near criticality. For\nthe partially asymmetric chain the RG predicts a crossover, on sufficiently\nlarge length and time scales, from East-like to FA-like behaviour. Our results\nagree with the known results for KCICs obtained by other methods.",
        "positive": "Non-Asymptotic Thermodynamic Ensembles: Boltzmann's principle is used to select the \"most probable\" realization\n(macrostate) of an isolated or closed thermodynamic system, containing a small\nnumber of particles ($N \\llsp \\infty$), for both classical and quantum\nstatistics. The inferred probability distributions provide the means to define\nintensive variables and construct thermodynamic relationships for small\nmicrocanonical systems, which do not satisfy the thermodynamic limit. This is\nof critical importance to nanoscience and quantum technology."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "L\u00e9vy flights versus L\u00e9vy walks in bounded domains: L\\'evy flights and L\\'evy walks serve as two paradigms of random walks\nresembling common features but also bearing fundamental differences. One of the\nmain dissimilarities are discontinuity versus continuity of their trajectories\nand infinite versus finite propagation velocity. In consequence, well developed\ntheory of L\\'evy flights is associated with their pathological physical\nproperties, which in turn are resolved by the concept of L\\'evy walks. Here, we\nexplore L\\'evy flights and L\\'evy walks models on bounded domains examining\ntheir differences and analogies. We investigate analytically and numerically\nwhether and under which conditions both approaches yield similar results in\nterms of selected statistical observables characterizing the motion: the\nsurvival probability, mean first passage time and stationary PDFs. It is\ndemonstrated that similarity of models is affected by the type of boundary\nconditions and value of the stability index defining asymptotics of the jump\nlength distribution.",
        "positive": "The stability of a cubic fixed point in three dimensions from the\n  renormalization group: The global structure of the renormalization-group flows of a model with\nisotropic and cubic interactions is studied using the massive field theory\ndirectly in three dimensions. The four-loop expansions of the $\\bt$-functions\nare calculated for arbitrary $N$. The critical dimensionality $N_c=2.89 \\pm\n0.02$ and the stability matrix eigenvalues estimates obtained on the basis of\nthe generalized Pad$\\acute{\\rm e}$-Borel-Leroy resummation technique are shown\nto be in a good agreement with those found recently by exploiting the five-loop\n$\\ve$-expansions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion Enhancement in a Periodic Potential under High-Frequency\n  Space-Dependent Forcing: We study the long-time behavior of underdamped Brownian particle moving\nthrough a viscous medium and in a systematic potential, when it is subjected to\na space-dependent high-frequency periodic force. When the frequency is very\nlarge, much larger than all other relevant system-frequencies, there is a\nKapitsa time-window wherein the effect of frequency dependent forcing can be\nreplaced by a static effective potential. Our new analysis includes the case\nwhen the forcing, in addition to being frequency-dependent, is space-dependent\nas well. The results of the Kapitsa analysis then lead to additional\ncontributions to the effective potential. These are applied to the numerical\ncalculation of the diffusion coefficient (D) for a Brownian particle moving in\na periodic potential. Presented are numerical results, which are in excellent\nagreement with theoretical predictions and which indicate a significant\nenhancement of D due to the space-dependent forcing terms. In addition we study\nthe transport property (current) of underdamped Brownian particles in a ratchet\npotential.",
        "positive": "Extreme Value Statistics and Traveling Fronts: Various Applications: An intriguing connection between extreme value statistics and traveling\nfronts has been found recently in a number of diverse problems. In this brief\nreview we outline a few such problems and consider their various applications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Out-of-time-order correlations and Floquet dynamical quantum phase\n  transition: Out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) progressively play an important role in\ndifferent fields of physics, particularly in the non-equilibrium quantum\nmany-body systems. In this paper, we show that OTOCs can be used to prob the\nFloquet dynamical quantum phase transitions (FDQPTs). We investigate the OTOCs\nof two exactly solvable Floquet spin models, namely: Floquet XY chain and\nsynchronized Floquet XY model. We show that the border of driven frequency\nrange, over which the Floquet XY model shows FDQPT, signals by the global\nminimum of the infinite-temperature time averaged OTOC. Moreover, our results\nmanifest that OTOCs decay algebraically in the long time, for which the decay\nexponent in the FDQPT region is different from that of in the region where the\nsystem does not show FDQPTs. In addition, for the synchronized Floquet XY\nmodel, where FDQPT occurs at any driven frequency depending on the initial\ncondition at infinite or finite temperature, the imaginary part of the OTOCs\nbecome zero whenever the system shows FDQPT.",
        "positive": "Heat conduction in systems with Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser phase space\n  structure: We study heat conduction in a billiard channel formed by two sinusoidal walls\nand the diffusion of particles in the corresponding channel of infinite length;\nthe latter system has an infinite horizon, i.e., a particle can travel an\narbitrary distance without colliding with the rippled walls. For small ripple\namplitudes, the dynamics of the heat carriers is regular and analytical results\nfor the temperature profile and heat flux are obtained using an effective\npotential. The study also proposes a formula for the temperature profile that\nis valid for any ripple amplitude. When the dynamics is regular, ballistic\nconductance and ballistic diffusion are present. The Poincar\\'e plots of the\nassociated dynamical system (the infinitely long channel) exhibit the generic\ntransition to chaos as ripple amplitude is increased.When no\nKolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) curves are present to forbid the connection of\nall chaotic regions, the mean square displacement grows asymptotically with\ntime t as tln(t)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extremal-point Densities of Interface Fluctuations: We introduce and investigate the stochastic dynamics of the density of local\nextrema (minima and maxima) of non-equilibrium surface fluctuations. We give a\nnumber of exact, analytic results for interface fluctuations described by\nlinear Langevin equations, and for on-lattice, solid-on-solid surface growth\nmodels. We show that in spite of the non-universal character of the quantities\nstudied, their behavior against the variation of the microscopic length scales\ncan present generic features, characteristic to the macroscopic observables of\nthe system. The quantities investigated here present us with tools that give an\nentirely un-orthodox approach to the dynamics of surface morphologies: a\nstatistical analysis from the short wavelength end of the Fourier decomposition\nspectrum. In addition to surface growth applications, our results can be used\nto solve the asymptotic scalability problem of massively parallel algorithms\nfor discrete event simulations, which are extensively used in Monte-Carlo type\nsimulations on parallel architectures.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics and Hydrodynamics for a Granular\n  Fluid: Granular fluids consist of collections of activated mesoscopic or macroscopic\nparticles (e.g., powders or grains) whose flows often appear similar to those\nof normal fluids. To explore the qualitative and quantitative description of\nthese flows an idealized model for such fluids, a system of smooth inelastic\nhard spheres, is considered. The single feature distinguishing granular and\nnormal fluids being explored in this way is the inelasticity of collisions. The\ndominant differences observed in real granular fluids are indeed captured by\nthis feature. Following a brief introductory description of real granular\nfluids and motivation for the idealized model, the elements of nonequilibrium\nstatistical mechanics are recalled (observables, states, and their dynamics).\nPeculiarities of the hard sphere interactions are developed in detail. The\nexact microscopic balance equations for the number, energy, and momentum\ndensities are derived and their averages described as the origin for a possible\nmacroscopic continuum mechanics description. This formally exact analysis leads\nto closed, macroscopic hydrodynamic equations through the notion of a \"normal\"\nstate. This concept is introduced and the Navier-Stokes constitutive equations\nare derived, with associated Green-Kubo expressions for the transport\ncoefficients. A parallel description of granular gases is described in the\ncontext of kinetic theory, and the Boltzmann limit is identified critically.\nThe construction of the \"normal\" solution to the kinetic equation is outlined,\nand Navier-Stokes order hydrodynamic equations are re-derived for a low density\ngranular gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiple phase transitions in the $XY$ model with nematic-like couplings: Critical behavior of the two-dimensional generalized $XY$ model involving\nsolely nematic-like terms of the second, third and fourth orders is studied by\nMonte Carlo method. We find that such a system can undergo three successive\nphase transitions. At higher temperatures there is a phase transition of the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type to the $q=4$ nematic-like phase, followed\nby two more transitions of the Ising type to the $q=2$ nematic-like and\nferromagnetic phases, respectively. The $q$ nematic-like phases are\ncharacterized by spin alignments with angles $2k\\pi/q$, where $k \\leq q$ is an\ninteger. The ferromagnetic phase appears at low temperatures even without the\npresence of magnetic interactions owing to a synergic effect of the\nnematic-like terms.",
        "positive": "The grand canonical catastrophe as an instance of condensation of\n  fluctuations: The so-called grand canonical catastrophe of the density fluctuations in the\nideal Bose gas is shown to be a particular instance of the much more general\nphenomenon of condensation of fluctuations, taking place in a large system, in\nor out of equilibrium, when a single degree of freedom makes a macroscopic\ncontribution to the fluctuations of an extensive quantity. The pathological\ncharacter of the \"catastrophe\" is demystified by emphasizing the connection\nbetween experimental conditions and statistical ensembles, as demonstrated by\nthe recent realization of photon condensation under grand canonical conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium quantum fluctuations of work: The concept of work is basic for statistical thermodynamics. To gain a fuller\nunderstanding of work and its (quantum) features, it needs to be represented as\nan average of a fluctuating quantity. Here I focus on the work done between two\nmoments of time for a thermally isolated quantum system driven by a\ntime-dependent Hamiltonian. I formulate two natural conditions needed for the\nfluctuating work to be physically meaningful for a system that starts its\nevolution from a non-equilibrium state. The existing definitions do not satisfy\nthese conditions due to issues that are traced back to non-commutativity. I\npropose a definition of fluctuating work that is free of previous drawbacks and\nthat applies for a wide class of non-equilibrium initial states. It allows to\ndeduce a generalized (out of equilibrium) work-fluctuation theorem.",
        "positive": "Feedback traps for virtual potentials: Feedback traps are tools for trapping and manipulating single charged\nobjects, such as molecules in solution. An alternative to optical tweezers and\nother single-molecule techniques, they use feedback to counteract the Brownian\nmotion of a molecule of interest. The trap first acquires information about a\nmolecule's position and then applies an electric feedback force to move the\nmolecule. Since electric forces are stronger than optical forces at small\nscales, feedback traps are the best way to trap single molecules without\n\"touching\" them. Feedback traps can do more than trap molecules: They can also\nsubject a target object to forces that are calculated to be the gradient of a\ndesired potential function U(x). If the feedback loop is fast enough, it\ncreates a virtual potential whose dynamics will be very close to those of a\nparticle in an actual potential U(x). But because the dynamics are entirely a\nresult of the feedback loop--absent the feedback, there is only an object\ndiffusing in a fluid--we are free to specify and then manipulate in time an\narbitrary potential U(x,t). Here, we review recent applications of feedback\ntraps to studies on the fundamental connections between information and\nthermodynamics, a topic where feedback plays an even more-fundamental role. We\ndiscuss how recursive maximum likelihood techniques allow continuous\ncalibration, to compensate for drifts in experiments that last for days. We\nconsider ways to estimate work and heat to a precision of 0.03 kT over these\nlong experiments. Finally, we compare work and heat measurements of the costs\nof information erasure, the Landauer limit of kT ln2 per bit of information\nerased. We argue that when you want to know the average heat transferred to a\nbath in a long protocol, you should measure instead the average work and then\ninfer the heat using the first law of thermodynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic phase diagrams of the Blume-Capel model in an oscillating field\n  by the path probability method: We calculate the dynamic phase transition (DPT) temperatures and present the\ndynamic phase diagrams in the Blume-Capel model under the presence of a\ntime-dependent oscillating external magnetic field by using the path\nprobability method. We study the time variation of the average order parameters\nto obtain the phases in the system and the paramagnetic (P), ferromagnetic (F)\nand the F + P mixed phases are found. We also investigate the thermal behavior\nof the dynamic order parameters to analyze the nature (continuous and\ndiscontinuous) of transitions and to obtain the DPT points. We present the\ndynamic phase diagrams in three planes, namely (T, h), (d, T) and (k2/k1, T),\nwhere T is the reduced temperature, h the reduced magnetic field amplitude, d\nthe reduced crystal-field interaction and the k2, k1 rate constants. The phase\ndiagrams exhibit dynamic tricritical and reentrant behaviors as well as a\ndouble critical end point and triple point, strongly depending on the values of\nthe interaction parameters and the rate constants. We compare and discuss the\ndynamic phase diagrams with dynamic phase diagrams that are obtained within the\nGlauber-type stochastic dynamics based on the mean-field theory and the\neffective field theory.",
        "positive": "Theory of direct simulation Monte Carlo method: A treatment of direct simulation Monte Carlo method (DSMC) as a Markov\nprocess with a master equation is given and the corresponding master equation\nis derived. A hierarchy of equations for the reduced probability distributions\nis derived from the master equation. An equation similar to the Boltzmann\nequation for single particle probability distribution is derived using\nassumption of molecular chaos. It is shown that starting from an uncorrelated\nstate, the system remains uncorrelated always in the limit $N\\to \\infty ,$\nwhere $N$ is the number of particles. Simple applications of the formalism to\ndirect simulation money games are given as examples to the formalism. The\nformalism is applied to the direct simulation of homogenous gases. It is shown\nthat appropriately normalized single particle probability distribution\nsatisfies the Boltzmann equation for simple gases and Wang Chang-Uhlenbeck\nequation for a mixture of molecular gases. As a consequence of this development\nwe derive Birds no time counter algorithm. We extend the analysis to the\ninhomogenous gases and define a new direct simulation algorithm for this case.\nWe show that single particle probability distribution satisfies the Boltzmann\nequation in our algorithm in the limit $% N\\to \\infty ,$ $V_{k}\\to 0,$ $\\Delta\nt\\to 0$ where $% V_{k}$ is the volume $k^{th}$ cell. We also show that that our\nalgorithm and Bird's algorithm approach each other in the limit $N_{k}\\to\n\\infty$ where $N_{k}$ is the number of particles in the volume $V_{k}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-affine deformations of inherent structure as signature of\n  cooperativity in supercooled liquids: We unveil the existence of non-affinely rearranging regions in the inherent\nstructures (IS) of supercooled liquids by numerical simulations of two- and\nthree-dimensional model glass formers subject to static shear deformations\ncombined with local energy minimizations. In the liquid state IS, we find a\nbroad distribution of rather large rearrangements which are correlated only\nover small distances. At low temperatures, the onset of the cooperative\ndynamics corresponds to much smaller displacements correlated over larger\ndistances. This finding indicates the presence of non-affinely rearranging\ndomains of relevant size in the IS deformation, which can be seen as the static\ncounterpart of the cooperatively rearranging regions in the dynamics. This idea\nprovides new insight into possible structural signatures of slow cooperative\ndynamics of supercooled liquids and supports the connections with elastic\nheterogeneities found in amorphous solids.",
        "positive": "Avoided Critical Behavior in O(n) Systems: Long-range frustrating interactions, even if their strength is infinitesimal,\ncan give rise to a dramatic proliferations of ground or near-ground states. As\na consequence, the ordering temperature can exhibit a discontinuous drop as a\nfunction of the frustration. A simple model of the doped Mott insulator, where\nthe short-range tendency of the holes to phase separate competes with\nlong-range Coulomb effects, exhibits this \"avoided critical\" behavior. This\nmodel may serve as a paradigm for many other systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergence of hydrodynamic spatial long-range correlations in\n  nonequilibrium many-body systems: At large scales of space and time, the nonequilibrium dynamics of local\nobservables in extensive many-body systems is well described by hydrodynamics.\nAt the Euler scale, one assumes that each mesoscopic region independently\nreaches a state of maximal entropy under the constraints given by the available\nconservation laws. Away from phase transitions, maximal entropy states show\nexponential correlation decay, and independence of fluid cells might be assumed\nto subsist during the course of time evolution. We show that this picture is\nincorrect: under ballistic scaling, regions separated by macroscopic distances\ndevelop long-range correlations as time passes. These correlations take a\nuniversal form that only depends on the Euler hydrodynamics of the model. They\nare rooted in the large-scale motion of interacting fluid modes, and are the\ndominant long-range correlations developing in time from long-wavelength,\nentropy-maximised states. They require the presence of interaction and at least\ntwo different fluid modes, and are of a fundamentally different nature from\nwell-known long-range correlations occurring from diffusive spreading or from\nquasi-particle excitations produced in far-from-equilibrium quenches. We\nprovide a universal theoretical framework to exactly evaluate them, an\nadaptation of the macroscopic fluctuation theory to the Euler scale. We verify\nour exact predictions in the hard-rod gas, by comparing with numerical\nsimulations and finding excellent agreement.",
        "positive": "Measurement driven single temperature engine: A four stroke quantum engine which alternately interacts with a measurement\napparatus and a single heat bath is discussed in detail with respect to the\naverage work and heat as well as to the fluctuations of work and heat. The\nefficiency and the reliability of such an engine with a harmonic oscillator as\nworking substance are analyzed under different conditions such as different\nspeeds of the work strokes, different temperatures of the heat bath and various\nstrengths of the energy supplying measurement. For imperfect thermalization\nstrokes of finite duration also the power of the engine is analyzed. A\ncomparison with a two-temperature Otto engine is provided in the particular\ncase of adiabatic work and ideal thermalization strokes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Green-Kubo relationship of the liquid-solid friction coefficient: In this paper, we propose a new derivation for the Green-Kubo relationship\nfor the liquid-solid friction coefficient, characterizing hydrodynamic slippage\nat a wall. It is based on a general Langevin approach for the fluctuating wall\nvelocity, involving a non-markovian memory kernel with vanishing time integral.\nThe calculation highlights some subtleties of the wall-liquid dynamics, leading\nto superdiffusive motion of the fluctuating wall position.",
        "positive": "Grand canonical ensemble in generalized thermostatistics: We study the grand-canonical ensemble with a fluctuating number of degrees of\nfreedom in the context of generalized thermostatistics. Several choices of\ngrand-canonical entropy functional are considered. The ideal gas is taken as an\nexample."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Explicit Analytical Solution for Random Close Packing in $d\n  = 2$ and $d = 3$\": A recent letter titled \"Explicit Analytical Solution for Random Close Packing\nin d=2 and d=3\" published in Physical Review Letters proposes a first-principle\ncomputation of the random close packing (RCP) density in spatial dimensions d=2\nand d=3. This problem has a long history of such proposals, but none capture\nthe full picture. This paper, in particular, once generalized to all d fails to\ndescribe the known behavior of jammed systems in d>4, thus suggesting that the\nlow-dimensional agreement is largely fortuitous.",
        "positive": "Incomplete thermalization from trap-induced integrability breaking:\n  lessons from classical hard rods: We study a one-dimensional gas of hard rods trapped in a harmonic potential,\nwhich breaks integrability of the hard-rod interaction in a non-uniform way. We\nexplore the consequences of such broken integrability for the dynamics of a\nlarge number of particles and find three distinct regimes: initial, chaotic,\nand stationary. The initial regime is captured by an evolution equation for the\nphase-space distribution function. For any finite number of particles, this\nhydrodynamics breaks down and the dynamics become chaotic after a\ncharacteristic time scale determined by the inter-particle distance and\nscattering length. The system fails to thermalize over the time-scale studied\n($10^4$ natural units), but the time-averaged ensemble is a stationary state of\nthe hydrodynamic evolution. We close by discussing logical extensions of the\nresults to similar systems of quantum particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficiency of a microscopic heat engine subjected to stochastic\n  resetting: We explore the thermodynamics of stochastic heat engines in presence of\nstochastic resetting. The set-up comprises an engine whose working substance is\na Brownian particle undergoing overdamped Langevin dynamics in a harmonic\npotential with a time-dependent stiffness, with the dynamics interrupted at\nrandom times with a resetting to a fixed location. The effect of resetting to\nthe potential minimum is shown to enhance the efficiency of the engine, while\nthe output work is shown to have a non-monotonic dependence on the rate of\nresetting. The resetting events are found to drive the system out of linear\nresponse regime even for small differences in the bath temperatures. Shifting\nthe reset point from the potential minimum is observed to reduce the engine\nefficiency. The experimental set-up for the realization of such an engine is\nbriefly discussed.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Failure of the Jarzynski identity for a simple quantum\n  system\": The distribution of work done on a quantum system by instantaneously changing\nthe Hamiltonian is shown to satisfy the Jarzynski identity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic description of the Ising antiferromagnet on triangular\n  lattice with selective dilution by modified Pair Approximation method: The Pair Approximation method is modified in order to describe the systems\nwith geometrical frustration. The Ising antiferromagnet on triangular lattice\nwith selective dilution (Kaya-Berker model) is considered and a self-consistent\nthermodynamic description of this model is obtained. For this purpose, the\nGibbs free-energy as a function of temperature, concentration of magnetic atoms\non the selected sublattice, and external magnetic field is derived. In\nparticular, the phase diagram is constructed and a comparison of different\nmethods is presented. The thermodynamic quantities are discussed in the context\nof their physical validity and the improvement in the description introduced by\nmodified method is emphasized.",
        "positive": "Enskog kinetic theory for a model of a confined quasi-two-dimensional\n  granular fluid: The Navier-Stokes transport coefficients for a model of a confined\nquasi-two-dimensional granular gas of smooth inelastic hard spheres are derived\nfrom the Enskog kinetic equation. A normal solution to this kinetic equation is\nobtained via the Chapman-Enskog method for states close to the local\nhomogeneous state. The analysis is performed to first order in spatial\ngradients, allowing the identification of the Navier-Stokes transport\ncoefficients associated with the heat and momentum fluxes. The transport\ncoefficients are determined from the solution to a set of coupled linear\nintegral equations analogous to those for elastic collisions. These integral\nequations are solved by using the leading terms in a Sonine polynomial\nexpansion. The results are particularized to the relevant state with stationary\ntemperature, where explicit expressions for the Navier-Stokes transport\ncoefficients are given in terms of the coefficient of restitution and the solid\nvolume fraction. The present work extends to moderate densities previous\nresults [Brey \\emph{et al.} Phys. Rev. E \\textbf{91}, 052201 (2015)] derived\nfor low-density granular gases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Screening properties and phase transitions in unconventional plasmas for\n  Ising-type quantum Hall states: Utilizing large-scale Monte-Carlo simulations, we investigate an\nunconventional two-component classical plasma in two dimensions which controls\nthe behavior of the norms and overlaps of the quantum-mechanical wavefunctions\nof Ising-type quantum Hall states. The plasma differs fundamentally from that\nwhich is associated with the two-dimensional XY model and Abelian fractional\nquantum Hall states. We find that this unconventional plasma undergoes a\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition from an insulator to a metal.\nThe parameter values corresponding to Ising-type quantum Hall states lie on the\nmetallic side of this transition. This result verifies the required properties\nof the unconventional plasma used to demonstrate that Ising-type quantum Hall\nstates possess quasiparticles with non-Abelian braiding statistics.",
        "positive": "On the growth constant for square-lattice self-avoiding walks: The growth constant for two-dimensional self-avoiding walks on the honeycomb\nlattice was conjectured by Nienhuis in 1982, and since that time the\ncorresponding results for the square and triangular lattices have been sought.\nFor the square lattice, a possible conjecture was advanced by one of us (AJG)\nmore than 20 years ago, based on the six significant digit estimate available\nat the time. This estimate has improved by a further six digits over the\nintervening decades, and the conjectured value continued to agree with the\nincreasingly precise estimates. We discuss the three most successful methods\nfor estimating the growth constant, including the most recently developed\nTopological Transfer-Matrix method, due to another of us (JLJ). We show this to\nbe the most computationally efficient of the three methods, and by\nparallelising the algorithm we have estimated the growth constant significantly\nmore precisely, incidentally ruling out the conjecture, which fails in the 12th\ndigit. Our new estimate of the growth constant is $$\\mu(\\mathrm{square}) =\n2.63815853032790\\, (3).$$"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Brief Discussion on the Crossovers in Detrended Fluctuation Analysis: An analytical formula for the contributions of the trend leftovers in DFA\nmethod is presented, based upon which the crossovers in DFA are investigated in\ndetail. This general formula can explain the calculated results with DFA method\nfor some examples in literature very well.",
        "positive": "Statistical Mechanics of Topological Fluctuations in Glass-Forming\n  Liquids: All liquids are topologically disordered materials; however, the degree of\ndisorder can vary as a result of internal fluctuations in structure and\ntopology. These fluctuations depend on both the composition and temperature of\nthe system. Most prior work has considered the mean values of liquid or glass\nproperties, such as the average number of topological degrees of freedom per\natom; however, the localized fluctuations in properties also play a key role in\ngoverning the macroscopic characteristics of any glass-forming system. This\npaper proposes a generalized approach for modeling topological fluctuations in\nglass-forming liquids by linking the statistical mechanics of the disordered\nstructure to topological constraint theory. In doing so we introduce the\ncontributions of localized fluctuations into the calculation of the topological\ndegrees of freedoms in the network. With this approach the full distribution of\nproperties in the disordered network can be calculated as an arbitrary function\nof composition, temperature, and thermal history (for the nonequilibrium glassy\nstate). The scope of this current investigation focuses on describing\ntopological fluctuations in liquids, concentrating on composition and\ntemperature effects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymmetric Stochastic Resetting: Modeling Catastrophic Events: In the classical stochastic resetting problem, a particle, moving according\nto some stochastic dynamics, undergoes random interruptions that bring it to a\nselected domain, and then, the process recommences. Hitherto, the resetting\nmechanism has been introduced as a symmetric reset about the preferred\nlocation. However, in nature, there are several instances where a system can\nonly reset from certain directions, e.g., catastrophic events. Motivated by\nthis, we consider a continuous stochastic process on the positive real line.\nThe process is interrupted at random times occurring at a constant rate, and\nthen, the former relocates to a value only if the current one exceeds a\nthreshold; otherwise, it follows the trajectory defined by the underlying\nprocess without resetting. We present a general framework to obtain the exact\nnon-equilibrium steady state of the system and the mean first passage time for\nthe system to reach the origin. Employing this framework, we obtain the\nexplicit solutions for two different model systems. Some of the classical\nresults found in symmetric resetting such as the existence of an optimal\nresetting, are strongly modified. Finally, numerical simulations have been\nperformed to verify the analytical findings, showing an excellent agreement.",
        "positive": "Electrical Noise under the Fluctuation-Dissipation framework: Although the Fluctuation-Dissipation (F-D) framework for noise processes was\npublished in 1951 by Callen and Welton, today's model for electrical noise does\nnot fit in it. This model overseeing fluctuations of electrical energy in\nresistors becomes a limited interpretation of the work published in 1928 by\nNyquist. This is why we propose a new, Quantum-compliant model for electrical\nnoise that not only fits in the F-D framework, but also shows that the\nresistance noise known as 1/f excess noise in Solid-State devices and the phase\nnoise found in electronic oscillators are some of its effects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Out-of-equilibrium dynamics and thermalization of string order: We investigate the equilibration dynamics of string order in one-dimensional\nquantum systems. After initializing a spin-1 chain in the Haldane phase, the\ntime evolution of non-local correlations following a sudden quench is studied\nby means of matrix-product-state-based algorithms. Thermalization occurs only\nfor scales up to a horizon growing at a well defined speed, due to the finite\nmaximal velocity at which string correlations can propagate, related to a\nLieb-Robinson bound. The persistence of string ordering at finite times is\nnon-trivially related to symmetries of the quenched Hamiltonian. A\nqualitatively similar behavior is found for the string order of the Mott\ninsulating phase in the Bose-Hubbard chain. This paves the way towards an\nexperimental testing of our results in present cold-atom setups.",
        "positive": "Extreme value statistics of edge currents in Markov jump processes and\n  their use for entropy production estimation: The infimum of an integrated current is its extreme value against the\ndirection of its average flow. Using martingale theory, we show that the infima\nof integrated edge currents in time-homogeneous Markov jump processes are\ngeometrically distributed, with a mean value determined by the effective\naffinity measured by a marginal observer that only sees the integrated edge\ncurrent. In addition, we show that a marginal observer can estimate a finite\nfraction of the average entropy production rate in the underlying\nnonequilibrium process from the extreme value statistics in the integrated edge\ncurrent. The estimated average rate of dissipation obtained in this way equals\nthe above mentioned effective affinity times the average edge current.\nMoreover, we show that estimates of dissipation based on extreme value\nstatistics can be significantly more accurate than those based on thermodynamic\nuncertainty ratios, as well as those based on a naive estimator obtained by\nneglecting nonMarkovian correlations in the Kullback-Leibler divergence of the\ntrajectories of the integrated edge current."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Melting of a p-H2 monolayer on a lithium substrate: Adsorption of para-hydrogen films on Alkali metals substrates at low\ntemperature is studied theoretically by means of Path Integral Monte Carlo\nsimulations. Realistic potentials are utilized to model the interaction between\ntwo para-hydrogen molecules, as well as between a para-hydrogenmolecule and the\nsubstrate, assumed smooth. Results show that adsorption of para-hydrogen on a\nLithium substrate, the most attractive among the Alkali, occurs through\ncompletion of successive solid adlayers. Each layer has a two-dimensional\ndensity approximatley equal 0.070 inverse square Angstroms. A solid\npara-hydrogen monolayer displays a higher degree of confinement, in the\ndirection perpendicular to the substrate, than a monolayer Helium film, and has\na melting temperature of about 6.5 K. The other Alkali substrates are not\nattractive enough to be wetted by molecular hydrogen at low temperature. No\nevidence of a possible superfluid phase of para-hydrogen is seen in these\nsystems.",
        "positive": "The magnetic susceptibility on the transverse antiferromagnetic Ising\n  model: Analysis of the reentrant behaviour: We study the three-dimensional antiferromagnetic Ising model in both uniform\nlongitudinal ($H$) and transverse ($\\Omega $) magnetic fields by using the\neffective-field theory with finite cluster $N=1$ spin (EFT-1). We analyzed the\nbehavior of the magnetic susceptibility to investigate the reentrant phenomena\nwe have seen the same phase diagram previously obtained in another papers. Our\nresults shows the presence of two divergences in the susceptibility that\nindicates the existence of a reentrant behaviour."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic cut-off dependence of an entropic force in interface\n  propagation of stochastic order parameter dynamics: The steady propagation of a $(d-1)$-dimensional planer interface in\n$d$-dimensional space is studied by analyzing mesoscopic non-conserved order\nparameter dynamics with two local minima under the influence of thermal noise.\nIn this analysis, an entropic force generating interface propagation is\nformulated using a perturbation method. It is found that the entropic force\nsingularly depends on an ultraviolet cut-off when $d \\ge 2$. The theoretical\ncalculation is confirmed by numerical simulations with $d=2$. The result means\nthat an experimental measurement of the entropic force provides an estimation\nof the microscopic cut-off of the mesoscopic description.",
        "positive": "Critical temperatures of two- and three-dimensional Ferromagnetic Ising\n  models- A hierarchy: A unified algebraic structure is shown to exist among various equations for\nthe critical temperatures pertaining to diverse two- and three-dimensional\nlattices. This isomorphism is a pointer to the straight-forward extension of\ntwo-dimensional results to corresponding three dimensional analogues."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mixture-like behavior near a liquid-liquid phase transition in\n  simulations of supercooled water: In simulations of a water-like model (ST2) that exhibits a liquid-liquid\nphase transition, we test for the occurrence of a thermodynamic region in which\nthe liquid can be modelled as a two-component mixture. We assign each molecule\nto one of two species based on the distance to its fifth-nearest neighbor, and\nevaluate the concentration of each species over a wide range of temperature and\ndensity. Our concentration data compare well with mixture-model predictions in\na region between the liquid-liquid critical temperature and the temperature of\nmaximum density. Fits of the model to the data in this region yield accurate\nestimates for the location of the critical point. We also show that the liquid\noutside the region of density anomalies is poorly modelled as a simple mixture.",
        "positive": "Critical currents for vortex defect motion in superconducting arrays: We study numerically the motion of vortices in two-dimensional arrays of\nresistively shunted Josephson junctions. An extra vortex is created in the\nground states by introducing novel boundary conditions and made mobile by\napplying external currents. We then measure critical currents and the\ncorresponding pinning energy barriers to vortex motion, which in the\nunfrustrated case agree well with previous theoretical and experimental\nfindings. In the fully frustrated case our results also give good agreement\nwith experimental ones, in sharp contrast with the existing theoretical\nprediction. A physical explanation is provided in relation with the vortex\nmotion observed in simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ageing and Relaxation in Glass Forming Systems: We propose that there exists a generic class of glass forming systems that\nhave competing states (of crystalline order or not) which are locally close in\nenergy to the ground state (which is typically unique). Upon cooling, such\nsystems exhibit patches (or clusters) of these competing states which become\nlocally stable in the sense of having a relatively high local shear modulus. It\nis in between these clusters where ageing, relaxation and plasticity under\nstrain can take place. We demonstrate explicitly that relaxation events that\nlead to ageing occur where the local shear modulus is low (even negative), and\nresult in an increase in the size of local patches of relative order. We\nexamine the ageing events closely from two points of view. On the one hand we\nshow that they are very localized in real space, taking place outside the\npatches of relative order, and from the other point of view we show that they\nrepresent transitions from one local minimum in the potential surface to\nanother. This picture offers a direct relation between structure and dynamics,\nascribing the slowing down in glass forming systems to the reduction in\nrelative volume of the amorphous material which is liquid-like. While we agree\nwith the well known Adam-Gibbs proposition that the slowing down is due to an\nentropic squeeze (a dramatic decrease in the number of available\nconfigurations), we do not agree with the Adam-Gibbs (or the Volger-Fulcher)\nformulae that predict an infinite relaxation time at a finite temperature.\nRather, we propose that generically there should be no singular crisis at any\nfinite temperature: the relaxation time and the associated correlation length\n(average cluster size) increase at most super-exponentially when the\ntemperature is lowered.",
        "positive": "Decorrelation of a leader by the increasing number of followers: We compute the connected two-time correlator of the maximum $M_N(t)$ of $N$\nindependent Gaussian stochastic processes (GSP) characterised by a common\ncorrelation coefficient $\\rho$ that depends on the two times $t_1$ and $t_2$.\nWe show analytically that this correlator, for fixed times $t_1$ and $t_2$,\ndecays for large $N$ as a power law $N^{-\\gamma}$ (with logarithmic\ncorrections) with a decorrelation exponent $\\gamma = (1-\\rho)/(1+ \\rho)$ that\ndepends only on $\\rho$, but otherwise is universal for any GSP. We study\nseveral examples of physical processes including the fractional Brownian motion\n(fBm) with Hurst exponent $H$ and the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process. For the\nfBm, $\\rho$ is only a function of $\\tau = \\sqrt{t_1/t_2}$ and we find an\ninteresting ``freezing'' transition at a critical value $\\tau=\n\\tau_c=(3-\\sqrt{5})/2$. For $\\tau < \\tau_c$, there is an optimal $H^*(\\tau) >\n0$ that maximises the exponent $\\gamma$ and this maximal value freezes to\n$\\gamma= 1/3$ for $\\tau >\\tau_c$. For the OU process, we show that $\\gamma =\n{\\rm tanh}(\\mu \\,|t_1-t_2|/2)$ where $\\mu$ is the stiffness of the harmonic\ntrap. Numerical simulations confirm our analytical predictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic properties of a spin-1 Triangular Ising system: We studied some magnetic behaviors of Blume-Capel (BC) model in a site\ndiluted triangular lattice by means of the effective-field theory (EFT) with\ncorrelations. The effects of the exchange interaction (J), crystal field (D),\nconcentration (p) and temperature (T) on the magnetic properties of spin-1 BC\nmodel in a triangular lattice such as magnetization, susceptibility, phase\ndiagram and hysteresis behaviors are investigated, in detail. The phase\ndiagrams of the system are presented in two different planes. The tricritical\npoint as well as tetracritical and critical end special points are found as\ndepending on the physical parameters of the system. Moreover, when the\nhysteresis behaviors of the system are examined, the single and double\nhysteresis loop are observed for various values of the physical parameters. We\nshow that the hysteresis loops have different coercive field points in which\nthe susceptibility make peak at these points.",
        "positive": "Spin Transport in Magnetically Ordered Systems: Ferromagnets,\n  Antiferromagnets and Frustrated Systems: In this review, we outline the important results on the resistivity\nencountered by an electron in magnetically ordered materials. The mechanism of\nthe collision between the electron and the lattice spins is shown. Experiments\non the spin resistivity in various magnetic materials as well as theoretical\nbackground are recalled. We focus on our works since 15 years using principally\nMonte Carlo simulations. In these works, we have studied the spin resistivity\nin various kinds of magnetic systems ranging from ferromagnets and\nantiferromagnets to frustrated spin systems. It is found that the spin\nresistivity shows a broad peak at the transition temperature in systems with a\nsecond-order phase transition, while it undergoes a discontinuous jump at the\ntransition temperature of a first-order transition. New results on the\nhexagonal-close-packed (HCP) antiferromagnet are also shown in extended details\nfor the Ising case in both the frustrated and non-frustrated parameter regions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractal nature of high-order time crystal phases: Discrete Floquet time crystals (DFTC) are characterized by the spontaneous\nbreaking of the discrete time-translational invariance characteristic of\nFloquet driven systems. In analogy with equilibrium critical points, also\ntime-crystalline phases display critical behaviour of different order, i.e.,\noscillations whose period is a multiple $p > 2$ of the Floquet driving period.\nHere, we introduce a new, experimentally-accessible, order parameter which is\nable to unambiguously detect crystalline phases regardless of the value of $p$\nand, at the same time, is a useful tool for chaos diagnostic. This new paradigm\nallows us to investigate the phase diagram of the long-range (LR) kicked Ising\nmodel to an unprecedented depth, unveiling a rich landscape characterized by\nself-similar fractal boundaries. Our theoretical picture describes the\nemergence of DFTCs phase both as a function of the strength and period of the\nFloquet drive, capturing the emergent $\\mathbb{Z}_p$ symmetry in the\nFloquet-Bloch waves.",
        "positive": "Exact Shock Profile for the ASEP with Sublattice-Parallel Update: We analytically study the one-dimensional Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process\n(ASEP) with open boundaries under sublattice-parallel updating scheme. We\ninvestigate the stationary state properties of this model conditioned on\nfinding a given particle number in the system. Recent numerical investigations\nhave shown that the model possesses three different phases in this case. Using\na matrix product method we calculate both exact canonical partition function\nand also density profiles of the particles in each phase. Application of the\nYang-Lee theory reveals that the model undergoes two second-order phase\ntransitions at critical points. These results confirm the correctness of our\nprevious numerical studies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Gibbs state with modified Redfield solution: Exact agreement\n  up to second order: A novel scheme for the steady state solution of the standard Redfield quantum\nmaster equation is developed which yields agreement with the exact result for\nthe corresponding reduced density matrix up to second order in the system-bath\ncoupling strength. We achieve this objective by use of an analytic continuation\nof the off-diagonal matrix elements of the Redfield solution towards its\ndiagonal limit. Notably, our scheme does not require the provision of yet\nhigher order relaxation tensors. Testing this modified method for a heat bath\nconsisting of a collection of harmonic oscillators we assess that the system\nrelaxes towards its correct coupling-dependent, generalized quantum Gibbs state\nin second order. We numerically compare our formulation for a damped quantum\nharmonic system with the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism: we find\ngood agreement at low temperatures for coupling strengths that are even larger\nthan expected from the very regime of validity of the second-order Redfield\nquantum master equation. Yet another advantage of our method is that it\nmarkedly reduces the numerical complexity of the problem; thus allowing to\nstudy efficiently large-sized \\emph{system} Hilbert spaces.",
        "positive": "Electrical noise properties in aging materials: The electric thermal noise has been measured in two aging materials, a\ncolloidal suspension (Laponite) and a polymer (polycarbonate), presenting very\nslow relaxation towards equilibrium. The measurements have been performed\nduring the transition from a fluid-like to a solid-like state for the gel and\nafter a quench for the polymer. For both materials we have observed that the\nelectric noise is characterized by a strong intermittency, which induces a\nlarge violation of the Fluctuation Dissipation Theorem (FDT) during the aging\ntime, and may persist for several hours at low frequency. The statistics of\nthese intermittent signals and their dependance on the quench speed for the\npolymer or on sample concentration for the gel are studied. The results are in\na qualitative agreement with recent models of aging, that predict an\nintermittent dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pressure exerted by a grafted polymer on the limiting line of a\n  semi-infinite square lattice: Using exact enumerations of self-avoiding walks (SAWs) we compute the\ninhomogeneous pressure exerted by a two-dimensional end-grafted polymer on the\ngrafting line which limits a semi-infinite square lattice. The results for SAWs\nshow that the asymptotic decay of the pressure as a function of the distance to\nthe grafting point follows a power-law with an exponent similar to that of\ngaussian chains and is, in this sense, independent of excluded volume effects.",
        "positive": "Different phases of a system of hard rods on three dimensional cubic\n  lattice: We study the different phases of a system of monodispersed hard rods of\nlength $k$ on a cubic lattice using an efficient cluster algorithm which can\nsimulate densities close to the fully-packed limit. For $k\\leq 4$, the system\nis disordered at all densities. For $k=5,6$, we find a single density-driven\ntransition from a disordered phase to high density layered-disordered phase in\nwhich the density of rods of one orientation is strongly suppressed, breaking\nthe system into weakly coupled layers. Within a layer, the system is\ndisordered. For $k \\geq 7$, three density driven transitions are observed\nnumerically: isotropic to nematic to layered-nematic to layered-disordered. In\nthe layered-nematic phase, the system breaks up into layers, with nematic order\nin each in each layer, but very weak correlation between the ordering direction\nbetween different layers. We argue that the layered-nematic phase is a\nfinite-size effect, and in the thermodynamic limit, the nematic phase will have\nhigher entropy per site."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Avoiding a Spanning Cluster in Percolation Models: When dynamics in a system proceeds under suppressive external bias, the\nsystem can undergo an abrupt phase transition, as it occurs for example in the\nepidemic spreading. Recently, an explosive percolation (EP) model was\nintroduced in line with such phenomena. The order of the EP transition has not\nbeen clarified in a unified framework covering low dimensional systems and the\nmean-field limit. We introduce a stochastic model, in which a rule for dynamics\nis designed to avoid the formation of a spanning cluster through competitive\nselection in Euclidean space. We show by heuristic arguments that, in the\nthermodynamic limit and depending on a control parameter, the EP transition can\nbe either continuous or discontinuous if $d < d_c$ and is always continuous if\n$d \\geq d_c$, where $d$ is the spatial dimension and $d_c$ the upper critical\ndimension.",
        "positive": "Variational principle for fractional kinetics and the L\u00e9vy Ansatz: A variational principle is developed for fractional kinetics based on the\nauxiliary-field formalism. It is applied to the Fokker-Planck equation with\nspatio-temporal fractionality, and a variational solution is obtained with the\nhelp of the L\\'evy Ansatz. It is shown how the whole range from subdiffusion to\nsuperdiffusion is realized by the variational solution, as a competing effect\nbetween the long waiting time and the long jump. The motion of the center of\nthe probability distribution is also analyzed in the case of a periodic drift."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusive instability of a vortex in a rotating Bose gas: The dissipative dynamics of a vortex in a finite temperature trapped\nBose-Einstein condensate are shown to be governed by a {\\em diffusive\ninstability}. In the weakly interacting regime we find a cross-over from\ninstability to metastability of the vortex, determined only by the relative\nrotation rate of the vortex and thermal cloud. Even in the thermodynamically\nstable regime there is a finite lifetime arising from diffusive instability. We\nfind the mean exit time for the vortex from the condensate, and show that near\nthe critical frequency for thermodynamic stability the lifetime has a universal\nform which is independent of the condensate size and the vortex precession\nfrequency. In the thermodynamically stable regime the steady-state two-time\nposition correlation predicts `thermal bunching', giving an increased\nprobability of positional coincidence for short times.",
        "positive": "About thermometers and temperature: We discuss a class of mechanical models of thermometers and their minimal\nrequirements to determine the temperature for systems out of the common scope\nof thermometry. In particular we consider: 1) anharmonic chains with long time\nof thermalization, such as the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) model; 2) systems with\nlong-range interactions where the equivalence of ensembles does not always\nhold; 3) systems featuring absolute negative temperatures. We show that for all\nthe three classes of systems a mechanical thermometer model can be designed: a\ntemporal average of a suitable mechanical observable of the thermometer is\nsufficient to get an estimate of the system's temperature. Several interesting\nlessons are learnt from our numerical study: 1) the long thermalization times\nin FPU-like systems do not affect the thermometer, which is not coupled to\nnormal modes but to a group of microscopic degrees of freedom; 2) a thermometer\ncoupled to a long-range system measures its microcanonical temperature, even at\nvalues of the total energy where its canonical temperature would be very\ndifferent; 3) a thermometer to read absolute negative temperatures must have a\nbounded total energy (as the system), otherwise it heavily perturbs the system\nchanging the sign of its temperature. Our study shows that in order to work in\na correct way also in \"non standard\" cases, the proper model of thermometer\nmust have a special functional form, e.g. the kinetic part cannot be quadratic."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Disordered vortex matter out of equilibrium: a Langevin molecular\n  dynamics study: We discuss the use of Langevin molecular dynamics in the investigation of the\nnon-equilibrium properties of disordered vortex matter. Our special focus is\nset on values of system parameters that are realistic for disordered high-$T_c$\nsuperconductors such as YBCO. Using a discretized elastic line model, we study\ndifferent aspects of vortices far from thermal equilibrium. On the one hand we\ninvestigate steady-state properties of driven magnetic flux lines in a\ndisordered environment, namely the current-voltage characteristics, the\ngyration radius, and the pinning time statistics. On the other hand we study\nthe complex relaxation processes and glassy-like dynamics that emerge in\ntype-II superconductors due to the intricate competition between the long-range\nvortex-vortex repulsion and flux pinning due to randomly placed point defects.\nTo this end we consider different types of sudden perturbations: temperature,\nmagnetic field, and external current quenches.",
        "positive": "General three-state model with biased population replacement: Analytical\n  solution and application to language dynamics: Empirical evidence shows that the rate of irregular usage of English verbs\nexhibits discontinuity as a function of their frequency: the most frequent\nverbs tend to be totally irregular. We aim to qualitatively understand the\norigin of this feature by studying simple agent--based models of language\ndynamics, where each agent adopts an inflectional state for a verb and may\nchange it upon interaction with other agents. At the same time, agents are\nreplaced at some rate by new agents adopting the regular form. In models with\nonly two inflectional states (regular and irregular), we observe that either\nall verbs regularize irrespective of their frequency, or a continuous\ntransition occurs between a low frequency state where the lemma becomes fully\nregular, and a high frequency one where both forms coexist. Introducing a third\n(mixed) state, wherein agents may use either form, we find that a third,\nqualitatively different behavior may emerge, namely, a discontinuous transition\nin frequency. We introduce and solve analytically a very general class of\nthree--state models that allows us to fully understand these behaviors in a\nunified framework. Realistic sets of interaction rules, including the\nwell-known Naming Game (NG) model, result in a discontinuous transition, in\nagreement with recent empirical findings. We also point out that the\ndistinction between speaker and hearer in the interaction has no effect on the\ncollective behavior. The results for the general three--state model, although\ndiscussed in terms of language dynamics, are widely applicable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The cavity method to protein design problem: In this study, we propose an analytic statistical mechanics approach to solve\na fundamental problem in biological physics called protein design. Protein\ndesign is an inverse problem of protein structure prediction, and its solution\nis the amino acid sequence that best stabilizes a given conformation. Despite\nrecent rapid progress in protein design using deep learning, the challenge of\nexploring protein design principles remains. Contrary to previous computational\nphysics studies, we used the cavity method, an extension of the mean-field\napproximation that becomes rigorous when the interaction network is a tree. We\nfound that for small two-dimensional (2D) lattice hydrophobic-polar (HP)\nprotein models, the design by the cavity method yields results almost\nequivalent to those from the Markov chain Monte Carlo method with lower\ncomputational cost.",
        "positive": "Transport Equations from Liouville Equations for Fractional Systems: We consider dynamical systems that are described by fractional power of\ncoordinates and momenta. The fractional powers can be considered as a\nconvenient way to describe systems in the fractional dimension space. For the\nusual space the fractional systems are non-Hamiltonian. Generalized transport\nequation is derived from Liouville and Bogoliubov equations for fractional\nsystems. Fractional generalization of average values and reduced distribution\nfunctions are defined. Hydrodynamic equations for fractional systems are\nderived from the generalized transport equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarse-graining complex dynamics: Continuous Time Random Walks vs.\n  Record Dynamics: Continuous Time Random Walks (CTRW) are widely used to coarse-grain the\nevolution of systems jumping from a metastable sub-set of their configuration\nspace, or trap, to another via rare intermittent events. The multi-scaled\nbehavior typical of complex dynamics is provided by a fat-tailed distribution\nof the waiting time between consecutive jumps. We first argue that CTRW are\ninadequate to describe macroscopic relaxation processes for three reasons:\nmacroscopic variables are not self-averaging, memory effects require an\nall-knowing observer,and different mechanisms whereby the jumps affect\nmacroscopic variables all produce identical long time relaxation behaviors.\nHence, CTRW shed no light on the link between microscopic and macroscopic\ndynamics. We then highlight how a more recent approach, Record Dynamics (RD)\nprovides a viable alternative, based on a very different set of physical ideas:\nwhile CTRW make use of a renewal process involving identical traps of infinite\nsize, RD embodies a dynamical entrenchment into a hierarchy of traps which are\nfinite in size and possess different degrees of meta-stability. We show in\nparticular how RD produces the stretched exponential, power-law and logarithmic\nrelaxation behaviors ubiquitous in complex dynamics, together with the\nsub-diffusive time dependence of the Mean Square Displacement characteristic of\nsingle particles moving in a complex environment.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear reactive systems viewed as Boolean dynamical systems: We present a stochastic, time-discrete boolean model which mimics the\nmesoscopic dynamics of the desorption reactions $A+A\\to A+S$ and $A+A\\to S+S$\nin a 1D lattice. In the continuous-time limit, we derive a hierarchy of\ndynamical equations for the subset of moments involving contiguous lattice\nsites. The solution of the hierarchy allows to compute the exact dynamics of\nthe mean coverage for both microscopic and coarse-grained initial conditions,\nwhich turn out to be different from the mean field predictions. The evolution\nequations for the mean coverage and the second order moments are shown to be\nequivalent to those provided by a time-continuous Master equation. The\nimportant role of higher order fluctuations is brought out by the failure of a\ntruncation scheme retaining only two-particle fluctuation correlations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Influence of temperature correlations on phase dynamics and kinetics of\n  ultrathin lubricant film: The melting of ultrathin lubricant film is studied by friction between\natomically flat surfaces. The fluctuations of lubricant temperature are taken\ninto account defined by Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. The phase diagrams and\nportraits are calculated for the cases of second-order and first-order\ntransitions -- the melting of amorphous and crystalline lubricants. It is shown\nthat in the first case the stick-slip friction domain appears, dividing the\nregions of dry and sliding friction. In the second case the three stick-slip\nfriction domains arise characterized by transitions between dry, metastable and\nstable sliding friction. The increase of correlation time of the lubricant\ntemperature fluctuations leads to increasing of the frictional surfaces\ntemperature needed for realization of sliding friction. The singular point,\nmeeting the mode of dry friction, has complex character of stability. The\nstationary states, corresponding to the stable and metastable sliding friction,\nare presented by the focus-type singular points.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic formalism and large deviation functions in continuous time\n  Markov dynamics: The thermodynamic formalism, which was first developed for dynamical systems\nand then applied to discrete Markov processes, turns out to be well suited for\ncontinuous time Markov processes as well, provided the definitions are\ninterpreted in an appropriate way. Besides, it can be reformulated in terms of\nthe generating function of an observable, and then extended to other\nobservables. In particular, the simple observable $K$ giving the number of\nevents occurring over a given time interval turns out to contain already the\nsignature of dynamical phase transitions. For mean-field models in equilibrium,\nand in the limit of large systems, the formalism is rather simple to apply and\nshows how thermodynamic phase transitions may modify the dynamical properties\nof the systems. This is exemplified with the q-state mean-field Potts model,\nfor which the Ising limit q=2 is found to be qualitatively different from the\nother cases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thin film growth models with long surface diffusion lengths: In limited mobility (LM) models of thin film deposition, the final position\nof each atom or molecule is chosen according to a set of stochastic rules\nbefore the incidence of another atom or molecule. Here we investigate the\npossibility of a LM model to reproduce features of a more realistic approach\nthat represents the interplay of collective adatom diffusion and the external\nflux. In the LM model introduced here, each adatom may execute $G$ hops to\nneighboring columns of the deposit, but a hop attempt from a site with $n$\nlateral neighbors has probability $P^n$, with $P<1$. These rules resemble those\nof the Clarke-Vvedensky (CV) model without energy barriers at step edges, whose\nmain parameters are the diffusion-to-deposition ratio $R$ on terraces and the\ndetachment probability $\\epsilon$ per lateral neighbor. At short times, the\nroughness of the LM model can be written in terms of a scaling function of $G$\nand $P$ and the growth exponent is consistent with the Villain-Lai-Das Sarma\nuniversality class. The evolution of the surface roughness and of the\nautocorrelation function of the CV model is reproduced with reasonable accuracy\nby the LM model with suitable choices of parameters. The increase of the\nparameters $G$ and $R$ of those models produces smoother film surfaces, while\nthe increase of $P$ and $\\epsilon$ smoothen the terrace boundaries at short\nlengthscales. However, the detachment probabilities of the two models have very\ndifferent effects on the surface roughness: in the LM model, for fixed $G$, the\nsurface roughness increases as $P$ increases; in the CV model, the surface\nsmoothens as $\\epsilon$ increases, for fixed $R$. This result is related to the\nnon-Markovian nature of the LM model, since the diffusivity of an adatom\ndepends on its history at the film surface and may be severely reduced after a\ndetachment from a terrace step.",
        "positive": "Ripples in hexagonal lattices of atoms coupled to Glauber spins: A system of atoms connected by harmonic springs to their nearest neighbors on\na lattice is coupled to Ising spins that are in contact with a thermal bath and\nevolve under Glauber dynamics. Assuming a nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic\ninteraction between spins, we calculate analytically the equilibrium state. On\na one-dimensional attice, the system exhibits first and second order phase\ntransitions. The order parameters are the total magnetization and the number of\nspin pairs in an antiferromagnetic configuration. On a hexagonal two\ndimensional lattice, spins interact with their nearest-neighbors and\nnext-nearest-neighbors. Together with the coupling to atoms, these interactions\nproduce a complex behavior that is displayed on a phase diagram. There are:\nordered phases associated to ripples with atomic wavelength and\nantiferromagnetic order, ordered phases associated to ripples with nanometer\nwavelengths and ferromagnetic order, disordered glassy phases, and other phases\npresenting stripes formed by different domains. These static phases are\ndiscussed in relation to existing experiments and results for other models\nfound in the literature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Machine Learning of Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in an Ising Model on\n  Square Lattice: This paper presents the investigation of convolutional neural network (CNN)\nprediction successfully recognizing the temperature of the non-equilibrium\nphases and phase transitions in two-dimensional (2D) Ising spins on\nsquare-lattice. The model uses image snapshots of ferromagnetic 2D spin\nconfigurations as an input shape to provide the average out put predictions. By\nconsidering supervised machine learning techniques, we perform the (modified)\nMetropolis Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to generate the equilibrium (and\nnon-equilibrium) configurations. In equilibrium Ising model, the Metropolis\nalgorithm respects detailed balance condition (DBC), while its modified\nnon-equilibrium version violates the DBC. Violating the DBC of the algorithm is\ncharacterized by a parameter $-8 < \\varepsilon < 8$. We find the exact result\nof the transition temperature in terms of $\\varepsilon$. This solution is used\nto encode the two (high-and low-temperature) phases through an order parameter\nof the model. If we set $\\varepsilon = 0$, the usual single spin flip algorithm\ncan be restored and the equilibrium configurations (training dataset) generated\nwith such set up are used to train our model. For $\\varepsilon \\neq 0$, the\nsystem attains the non-equilibrium steady states (NESS), and the modified\nalgorithm generates NESS configurations (test dataset), not defined by\nBoltzmann distribution. Finally, the trained model has been validated and\nsuccessfully tested on the test dataset. Our result shows that CNN can\ncorrectly determine the nonequilibrium phase transition temperature $T_c$ for\nvarious $\\varepsilon$ values, consistent with the exact result (our study) and\nalso in agreement with MC result (literature).",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium phase transition in the kinetic Ising model: Existence of\n  tricritical point and stochastic resonance: The dynamic phase transition has been studied in the two dimensional kinetic\nIsing model in presence of a time varying (sinusoidal) magnetic field by Monte\nCarlo simulation. The nature (continuous or discontinuous) of the transition is\ncharacterized by studying the distribution of the order parameter and the\ntemperature variation of the fourth order cumulant. For the higher values of\nthe field amplitude, the transition observed is discontinuous and it is\ncontinuous for lower values of the field amplitude, indicating the existence of\na tricritical point (separating the nature of the transition) on the phase\nboundary. The transition is observed to be a manifestation of stochastic\nresonance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The influence of the oscillations of the chemical potential on the de\n  Haas - van Alphen effect in quasi-two-dimensional compounds: The de Haas - van Alphen effect in quasi-two-dimensional metals is studied at\narbitrary parameters. The oscillations of the chemical potential may\nsubstantially change the temperature dependence of harmonic amplitudes that is\nusually used to determine the effective electron mass. Hence, the processing of\nthe experimental data using the standard Lifshitz-Kosevich formula (that\nassumes the chemical potential to be constant) may lead to substantial errors\neven in the limit of strong harmonic damping. This fact may explain the\ndifference between the effective electron masses, determined from the de Haas -\nvan Alphen effect and the cyclotron resonance measurements. The oscillations of\nthe chemical potential and the deviations from the Lifshitz-Kosevich formula\ndepend on the reservoir density of states, that exists in organic metals due to\nopen sheets of Fermi surface. This dependence can be used to determine the\ndensity of electron states on open sheets of Fermi surface. We present the\nanalytical results of the calculations of harmonic amplitudes in some limiting\ncases that show the importance of the oscillations of the chemical potential.\nThe algorithm of the simple numerical calculation of the harmonic amplitudes at\narbitrary reservoir density of states, arbitrary warping, spin-splitting,\ntemperature and Dingle temperature is also described.",
        "positive": "Classical infrared spectra of ionic crystals and their relevance for\n  statistical mechanics: It was recently shown that the experimental infrared spectra of ionic\ncrystals at room temperature are very well reproduced by classical realistic\nmodels, and here new results are reported on the temperature dependence of the\nspectra, for the LiF crystal. The principal aim of the present work is however\nto highlight the deep analogy existing between the problem of spectra in ionic\ncrystal models on the one hand, and that of energy equipartition in the\nFermi--Pasta--Ulam model, on the other. Indeed at low temperatures the\ncomputations of the spectra show that the dynamics of the considered system is\nnot completely chaotic, so that the use of the Boltzmann--Gibbs statistics is\nput in question, as in the Fermi--Pasta--Ulam case. Here, however, at variance\nwith the equipartition problem, a first positive indication is given on the\nmodifications that should be introduced in a classical statistical treatment:\nthe new results at low temperatures show that it is indeed the Clausius\nidentification of temperature that has to be modified. In fact, at very low\ntemperatures the theoretical spectra fail to reproduce the experimental ones,\nif the temperature is taken as proportional to mean kinetic energy, but\nagreement is recovered through the only expedient of introducing a suitable\ntemperature rescaling. Analogous results are also found in connection with\nthermal expansion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One-component fermion plasma on a sphere at finite temperature. The\n  anisotropy in the paths conformations: In our previous work [R. Fantoni, Int. J. Mod. Phys. C, {\\bf 29}, 1850064\n(2018)] we studied, through a computer experiment, a one-component fermion\nplasma on a sphere at finite, non-zero, temperature. We extracted thermodynamic\nproperties like the kinetic and internal energy per particle and structural\nproperties like the radial distribution function, and produced some snapshots\nof the paths to study their shapes. Here we revisit such a study giving some\nmore theoretical details explaining the paths shape anisotropic conformation\ndue to the inhomogeneity in the polar angle of the variance of the random walk\ndiffusion from the kinetic action.",
        "positive": "Counting function fluctuations and extreme value threshold in\n  multifractal patterns: the case study of an ideal $1/f$ noise: To understand the sample-to-sample fluctuations in disorder-generated\nmultifractal patterns we investigate analytically as well as numerically the\nstatistics of high values of the simplest model - the ideal periodic $1/f$\nGaussian noise. By employing the thermodynamic formalism we predict the\ncharacteristic scale and the precise scaling form of the distribution of number\nof points above a given level. We demonstrate that the powerlaw forward tail of\nthe probability density, with exponent controlled by the level, results in an\nimportant difference between the mean and the typical values of the counting\nfunction. This can be further used to determine the typical threshold $x_m$ of\nextreme values in the pattern which turns out to be given by\n$x_m^{(typ)}=2-c\\ln{\\ln{M}}/\\ln{M}$ with $c=3/2$. Such observation provides a\nrather compelling explanation of the mechanism behind universality of $c$.\nRevealed mechanisms are conjectured to retain their qualitative validity for a\nbroad class of disorder-generated multifractal fields. In particular, we\npredict that the typical value of the maximum $p_{max}$ of intensity is to be\ngiven by $-\\ln{p_{max}} = \\alpha_{-}\\ln{M} +\n\\frac{3}{2f'(\\alpha_{-})}\\ln{\\ln{M}} + O(1)$, where $f(\\alpha)$ is the\ncorresponding singularity spectrum vanishing at $\\alpha=\\alpha_{-}>0$. For the\n$1/f$ noise we also derive exact as well as well-controlled approximate\nformulas for the mean and the variance of the counting function without\nrecourse to the thermodynamic formalism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Surface Critical Behavior in Systems with Non-Equilibrium Phase\n  Transitions: We study the surface critical behavior of branching-annihilating random walks\nwith an even number of offspring (BARW) and directed percolation (DP) using a\nvariety of theoretical techniques. Above the upper critical dimensions d_c,\nwith d_c=4 (DP) and d_c=2 (BARW), we use mean field theory to analyze the\nsurface phase diagrams using the standard classification into ordinary,\nspecial, surface, and extraordinary transitions. For the case of BARW, at or\nbelow the upper critical dimension, we use field theoretic methods to study the\neffects of fluctuations. As in the bulk, the field theory suffers from\ntechnical difficulties associated with the presence of a second critical\ndimension. However, we are still able to analyze the phase diagrams for BARW in\nd=1,2, which turn out to be very different from their mean field analog.\nFurthermore, for the case of BARW only (and not for DP), we find two\nindependent surface beta_1 exponents in d=1, arising from two distinct\ndefinitions of the order parameter. Using an exact duality transformation on a\nlattice BARW model in d=1, we uncover a relationship between these two surface\nbeta_1 exponents at the ordinary and special transitions. Many of our\npredictions are supported using Monte-Carlo simulations of two different models\nbelonging to the BARW universality class.",
        "positive": "Current statistics and depinning transition for a one-dimensional\n  Langevin process in the weak-noise limit: We consider a particle with a Langevin dynamics driven by a uniform\nnon-conservative force, in a one-dimensional potential with periodic boundary\nconditions. We are interested in the properties of the system for atypical\nvalues of the time-integral of a generalized particle current. To study these,\nwe bias the dynamics, at trajectory level, by a parameter conjugated to the\ncurrent, within the large-deviation formalism. We investigate, in the\nweak-noise limit, the phase diagram spanned by the physical driving force and\nthe parameter defining the biased process. We focus in particular on the\ndepinning transition in this two-dimensional phase diagram. In the absence of\ntrajectory bias, the depinning transition as a function of the force is\ncharacterized by the standard exponent $\\frac{1}{2}$. We show that for any\nnon-zero bias, the depinning transition is characterized by an inverse\nlogarithmic behavior as a function of either the bias or the force, close to\nthe critical lines. We also report a scaling exponent $\\frac{1}{3}$ for the\ncurrent when considering the depinning transition in terms of the bias, fixing\nthe non-conservative force to its critical value in the absence of bias. Then,\nfocusing on the time-integrated particle current, we study the thermal rounding\neffects in the zero-current phase when the tilted potential exhibits a local\nminimum. We derive in this case the Arrhenius scaling, in the small noise\nlimit, of both the particle current and the scaled cumulant generating\nfunction. This derivation of the Arrhenius scaling relies on the determination\nof the left eigenvector of the biased Fokker-Planck operator, to exponential\norder in the low-noise limit. An effective Poissonian statistics of the\nintegrated current emerges in this limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Graphical representation of the partition function for a 1-D\n  delta-function Bose gas: One-dimensional repulsive delta-function bose system is studied. By only\nusing the Bethe ansatz equation, n-particle partition functions are exactly\ncalculated. From this expression for the n-particle partition function, the\nn-particle cluster integral is derived. The results completely agree with those\nof the thermal Bethe ansatz (TBA). This directly proves the validity of the\nTBA. The theory of partitions and graphs is used to simplify the discussion.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation Theorem and Chaos: The heat theorem (i.e. the second law of thermodynamics or the existence of\nentropy) is a manifestation of a general property of hamiltonian mechanics and\nof the ergodic Hypothesis. In nonequilibrium thermodynamics of stationary\nstates the chaotic hypothesis plays a similar role: it allows a unique\ndetermination of the probability distribution (called {\\rm SRB} distribution on\nphase space providing the time averages of the observables. It also implies an\nexpression for a few averages concrete enough to derive consequences of\nsymmetry properties like the fluctuation theorem or to formulate a theory of\ncoarse graining unifying the foundations of equilibrium and of nonequilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum wetting transitions in two dimensions: an alternative path to\n  non-universal interfacial singularities: We consider two-dimensional ($d=2$) systems with short-ranged microscopic\ninteractions, where interface unbinding (wetting) transitions occur in the\nlimit of vanishing temperature $T$. For $T=0$ the transition is characterized\nby non-universal critical properties analogous to those established for thermal\nwetting transitions in $d=3$, albeit with a redefined capillary parameter\n$\\tilde{\\omega}$. Within a functional renormalization-group treatment of an\neffective interfacial model, we compute the finite temperature phase diagram,\nexhibiting a line of interface unbinding transitions, terminating at $T=0$ with\nan interfacial quantum critical point. At finite $T$ we identify distinct\nscaling regimes, reflecting the interplay between quantum and thermal\ninterfacial fluctuations. A crossover line marking the onset of the quantum\ncritical regime is described by the $d=3$ interfacial correlation-length\nexponent $\\nu_{||}$. This opens a new way to investigate the non-universal\ncharacter of $\\nu_{||}$ without penetrating the true critical regime. On the\nother hand, the emergent interfacial quantum critical regime shows no\nsignatures of non-universality.",
        "positive": "Statistical properties of sites visited by independent random walks: The set of visited sites and the number of visited sites are two basic\nproperties of the random walk trajectory. We consider two independent random\nwalks on a hyper-cubic lattice and study ordering probabilities associated with\nthese characteristics. The first is the probability that during the time\ninterval (0,t), the number of sites visited by a walker never exceeds that of\nanother walker. The second is the probability that the sites visited by a\nwalker remain a subset of the sites visited by another walker. Using numerical\nsimulations, we investigate the leading asymptotic behaviors of the ordering\nprobabilities in spatial dimensions d=1,2,3,4. We also study the evolution of\nthe number of ties between the number of visited sites. We show analytically\nthat the average number of ties increases as $a_1\\ln t$ with $a_1=0.970508$ in\none dimension and as $(\\ln t)^2$ in two dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On truncations of the Chalker-Coddington model: The supersymmetric reformulation of physical observables in the\nChalker-Coddington model (CC) for the plateau transition in the integer quantum\nHall effect leads to a reformulation of its critical properties in terms of a\n2D non-compact loop model or a 1D non-compact $gl(2|2)$ spin chain. Following a\nproposal by Ikhlef, Fendley and Cardy, we define and study a series of\ntruncations of these loop models and spin chains, involving a finite and\ngrowing number of degrees of freedom per site. The case of the first truncation\nis solved analytically using the Bethe-ansatz. It is shown to exhibit many of\nthe qualitative features expected for the untruncated theory, including a\nquadratic spectrum of exponents with a continuous component, and a normalizable\nground state below that continuum. Quantitative properties are however at odds\nwith the results of simulations on the CC model. Higher truncations are studied\nonly numerically. While their properties are found to get closer to those of\nthe CC model, it is not clear whether this is a genuine effect, or the result\nof strong finite-size corrections.",
        "positive": "Intermediate-statistics spin waves: In this paper, we show that spin waves, the elementary excitation of the\nHeisenberg magnetic system, obey a kind of intermediate statistics with a\nfinite maximum occupation number n. We construct an operator realization for\nthe intermediate statistics obeyed by magnons, the quantized spin waves, and\nthen construct a corresponding intermediate-statistics realization for the\nangular momentum algebra in terms of the creation and annihilation operators of\nthe magnons. In other words, instead of the Holstein-Primakoff representation,\na bosonic representation subject to a constraint on the occupation number, we\npresent an intermediate-statistics representation with no constraints. In this\nrealization, the maximum occupation number is naturally embodied in the\ncommutation relation of creation and annihilation operators, while the\nHolstein-Primakoff representation is a bosonic operator relation with an\nadditional putting-in-by-hand restriction on the occupation number. We deduce\nthe intermediate-statistics distribution function for magnons. On the basis of\nthese results, we calculate the dispersion relations for ferromagnetic and\nantiferromagnetic spin waves. The relations between the intermediate statistics\nthat magnons obey and the other two important kinds of intermediate statistics,\nHaldane-Wu statistics and the fractional statistics of anyons, are discussed.\nWe also compare the spectrum of the intermediate-statistics spin wave with the\nexact solution of the one-dimensional s = 1/2 Heisenberg model, which is\nobtained by the Bethe ansatz method. For ferromagnets, we take the\ncontributions from the interaction between magnons (the quartic contribution),\nthe next-to-nearest neighbor interaction, and the dipolar interaction into\naccount for comparison with the experiment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-gaussian electrical fluctuations in a quasi-2d packing of metallic\n  beads: The electrical properties of a two-dimensional packing of metallic beads are\nstudied. Small mechanical perturbations of the packing leads to giant\nelectrical fluctuations. Fluctuations are found to be non-gaussian and seem to\nbelong to Levy stable distributions. Anticorrelations have been also found for\nthe sign of these fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Option Pricing Model for Incomplete Market: The problem of determining the European-style option price in the incomplete\nmarket has been examined within the framework of stochastic optimization. An\nanalytic method based on the discrete dynamic programming equation (Bellman\nequation) has been developed that gives the general formalism for determining\nthe option price and the optimal trading strategy (optimal control policy) that\nreduces total risk inherent in writing the option.\n  The basic purpose of paper is to present an effective algorithm that can be\nused in practice.\n  Keywords: option pricing, incomplete market, transaction costs, stochastic\noptimization, Bellman equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adsorption and collapse transitions of a linear polymer chain\n  interacting with a surface adsorbed polymer chain: We study the problem of adsorption and collapse transition of a linear\npolymer chain situated in a fractal container represented by a 4-simplex\nlattice and interacting with a surface adsorbed linear polymer chain. The\nadsorbed chain monomers act as pinning sites for the polymer chain. This\nproblem has been solved exactly using real space renormalization group\ntransformation. The resulting phase diagram and critical exponents are given.",
        "positive": "Negative scaling dimensions and conformal invariance at the Nishimori\n  point in the +/-J random-bond Ising model: We reexamine the disorder-dominated multicritical point of the\ntwo-dimensional +/-J Ising model, known as the Nishimori point (NP). At the NP\nwe investigate numerically and analytically the behavior of the disorder\ncorrelator, familiar from the self-dual description of the pure critical point\nof the two-dimensional Ising model. We consider the logarithmic average and the\nq-th moments of this correlator in the ensemble average over randomness, for\ncontinuous q in the range 0<q<2.5, and demonstrate their conformal invariance.\nAt the NP we find, in contrast to the self-dual pure critical point, that the\ndisorder correlators exhibit multi-scaling in q which is different from that of\nspin-spin correlators and that their scaling dimension becomes negative for q>1\nand q<0. Using properties on the Nishimori line we show that the first moment\n(q=1) of the disorder correlator is exactly one for all separations. The\nspectrum of scaling dimensions at the NP is not parabolic in q."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The survival probability of a branching random walk in presence of an\n  absorbing wall: A branching random walk in presence of an absorbing wall moving at a constant\nvelocity v undergoes a phase transition as v varies. The problem can be\nanalyzed using the properties of the Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piscounov\n(F-KPP) equation. We find that the survival probability of the branching random\nwalk vanishes at a critical velocity v_c of the wall with an essential\nsingularity and we characterize the divergences of the relaxation times for\nv<v_c and v>v_c. At v=v_c the survival probability decays like a stretched\nexponential. Using the F-KPP equation, one can also calculate the distribution\nof the population size at time t conditionned by the survival of one individual\nat a later time T>t. Our numerical results indicate that the size of the\npopulation diverges like the exponential of (v_c-v)^{-1/2} in the\nquasi-stationary regime below v_c. Moreover for v>v_c, our data indicate that\nthere is no quasi-stationary regime.",
        "positive": "Identifying quantum many-body integrability and chaos using eigenstates\n  trace distances: While the concepts of quantum many-body integrability and chaos are of\nfundamental importance for the understanding of quantum matter, their precise\ndefinition has so far remained an open question. In this work, we introduce an\nalternative indicator for quantum many-body integrability and chaos, which is\nbased on the statistics of eigenstates by means of nearest-neighbor subsystem\ntrace distances. We show that this provides us with a faithful classification\nthrough extensive numerical simulations for a large variety of paradigmatic\nmodel systems including random matrix theories, free fermions, Bethe-ansatz\nsolvable systems, and models of many-body localization. While existing\nindicators, such as those obtained from level-spacing statistics, have already\nbeen utilized with great success, they also face limitations. This concerns for\ninstance the quantum many-body kicked top, which is exactly solvable but\nclassified as chaotic in certain regimes based on the level-spacing statistics,\nwhile our introduced indicator signals the expected quantum many-body\nintegrability. We discuss the universal behaviors we observe for the\nnearest-neighbor trace distances and point out that our indicator might be\nuseful also in other contexts such as for the many-body localization\ntransition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local versus Nonlocal Order Parameter Field Theories for Quantum Phase\n  Transitions: General conditions are formulated that allow to determine which quantum phase\ntransitions in itinerant electron systems can be described by a local\nLandau-Ginzburg-Wilson or LGW theory solely in terms of the order parameter. A\ncrucial question is the degree to which the order parameter fluctuations couple\nto other soft modes. Three general classes of zero-wavenumber order parameters,\nin the particle-hole spin-singlet and spin-triplet channels, and in the\nparticle-particle channel, respectively, are considered. It is shown that the\nparticle-hole spin-singlet class does allow for a local LGW theory, while the\nother two classes do not. The implications of this result for the critical\nbehavior at various quantum phase transitions are discussed, as is the\nconnection with nonanalyticities in the wavenumber dependence of order\nparameter susceptibilities in the disordered phase.",
        "positive": "Grain Boundary Diffusion in a Peierls-Nabarro Potential: We investigate the diffusion of a grain boundary in a crystalline material.\nWe consider in particular the case of a regularly spaced low-angle grain\nboundary schematized as an array of dislocations that interact with each other\nthrough long-range stress fields and with the crystalline Peierls-Nabarro\npotential. The methodology employed to analyze the dynamics of the center of\nmass of the grain boundary and its spatio-temporal fluctuations is based on\nover-damped Langevin equations. The generality and the efficiency of this\ntechnique is proved by the agreement with molecular dynamics simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetic behavior of a spin-1 Blume-Emery-Griffiths model: I study the one-dimensional spin-1 Blume-Emery-Griffiths model with bilinear\nand biquadratic exchange interactions and single-ion crystal field under an\napplied magnetic field. This model can be exactly mapped into a tight-binding\nHubbard model - extended to include intersite interactions - provided one\nrenormalizes the chemical and the on-site potentials, which become temperature\ndependent. After this transformation, I provide the exact solution of the\nBlume-Emery-Griffiths model in one dimension by means of the Green's functions\nand equations of motion formalism. I investigate the magnetic variations of\nphysical quantities - such as magnetization, quadrupolar moment, susceptibility\n- for different values of the interaction parameters and of the applied field,\nfocusing on the role played by the biquadratic interaction in the breakdown of\nthe magnetization plateaus.",
        "positive": "Scaling of Information in Turbulence: We propose a new perspective on Turbulence using Information Theory. We\ncompute the entropy rate of a turbulent velocity signal and we particularly\nfocus on its dependence on the scale. We first report how the entropy rate is\nable to describe the distribution of information amongst scales, and how one\ncan use it to isolate the injection, inertial and dissipative ranges, in\nperfect agreement with the Batchelor model and with a fBM model. In a second\nstage, we design a conditioning procedure in order to finely probe the\nasymmetries in the statistics that are responsible for the energy cascade. Our\napproach is very generic and can be applied to any multiscale complex system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Accelerated Sampling of Boltzmann distributions: The sampling of Boltzmann distributions by stochastic Markov processes, can\nbe strongly limited by the crossing time of high (free) energy barriers. As a\nresult, the system may stay trapped in metastable states, and the relaxation\ntime to the equilibrium Boltzmann distribution may be very large compared to\nthe available computational time. In this paper, we show how, by a simple\nmodification of the Hamiltonian, one can dramatically decrease the relaxation\ntime of the system, while retaining the same equilibrium distribution. The\nmethod is illustrated on the case of the one-dimensional double-well potential.",
        "positive": "Avalanche transmission and critical behavior in load bearing\n  hierarchical networks: The strength and stability properties of hierarchical load bearing networks\nand their strengthened variants have been discussed in recent work. Here, we\nstudy the avalanche time distributions on these load bearing networks. The\navalanche time distributions of the V- lattice, a unique realization of the\nnetworks, show power-law behavior when tested with certain fractions of its\ntrunk weights. All other avalanche distributions show Gaussian peaked behavior.\nThus the V- lattice is the critical case of the network. We discuss the\nimplications of this result."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superintegrable cellular automata and dual unitary gates from\n  Yang-Baxter maps: We consider one dimensional block cellular automata, where the local update\nrules are given by Yang-Baxter maps, which are set theoretical solutions of the\nYang-Baxter equations. We show that such systems are superintegrable: they\npossess an exponentially large set of conserved local charges, such that the\ncharge densities propagate ballistically on the chain. For these quantities we\nobserve a complete absence of \"operator spreading\". In addition, the models can\nalso have other local charges which are conserved only additively. We discuss\nconcrete models up to local dimensions $N\\le 4$, and show that they give rise\nto rich physical behaviour, including non-trivial scattering of particles and\nthe coexistence of ballistic and diffusive transport. We find that the local\nupdate rules are classical versions of the \"dual unitary gates\" if the\nYang-Baxter maps are non-degenerate. We discuss consequences of dual unitarity,\nand we also discuss a family of dual unitary gates obtained by a non-integrable\nquantum mechanical deformation of the Yang-Baxter maps.",
        "positive": "Representation of the Short-Range Interactions in Liquid Helium via\n  Modified Hard Sphere Potentials: In this paper we propose five different modifications of the hard sphere\npotential for the modeling a short-range repulsion and the calculation of\nthermodynamic and transport properties of liquid He4. We calculate the\npotential energy, the total energy, and the sound velocity at T=0 K. It is\nshown that three of the proposed potentials give a satisfactory description of\nthese properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dissipate locally, couple globally: a sharp transition from decoupling\n  to infinite range coupling in Josephson arrays with on-site dissipation: We study the T=0 normal to superconducting transition of Josephson arrays\nwith {\\it on-site} dissipation. A perturbative renormalization group solution\nis given. Like the previously studied case of {\\it bond} dissipation (BD), this\nis a \"floating\" to coupled (FC) phase transition. {\\it Unlike} the BD\ntransition, at which {\\it only} nearest-neighbor couplings become relevant,\nhere {\\it all} inter-grain couplings, out to {\\it infinitely} large distances,\ndo so simultaneously. We predict, for the first time in an FC transition, a\ndiverging spatial correlation length. Our results show the robustness of\nfloating phases in dissipative quantum systems.",
        "positive": "Nature of synchronization transitions in random networks of coupled\n  oscillators: We consider a system of phase oscillators with random intrinsic frequencies\ncoupled through sparse random networks, and investigate how the connectivity\ndisorder affects the nature of collective synchronization transitions. Various\ndistribution types of intrinsic frequencies are considered: uniform, unimodal,\nand bimodal distribution. We employ a heterogeneous mean-field approximation\nbased on the annealed networks and also perform numerical simulations on the\nquenched Erdos-Renyi networks. We find that the connectivity disorder\ndrastically changes the nature of the synchronization transitions. In\nparticular, the quenched randomness completely wipes away the diversity of the\ntransition nature and only a continuous transition appears with the same\nmean-field exponent for all types of frequency distributions. The physical\norigin of this unexpected result is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sluggish Kinetics in the Parking Lot Model: We investigate, both analytically and by computer simulation, the kinetics of\na microscopic model of hard rods adsorbing on a linear substrate. For a small,\nbut finite desorption rate, the system reaches the equilibrium state very\nslowly, and the long-time kinetics display three successive regimes: an\nalgebraic one where the density varies as $1/t$, a logarithmic one where the\ndensity varies as $1/ln(t)$, followed by a terminal exponential approach. A\nmean-field approach fails to predict the relaxation rate associated with the\nlatter. We show that the correct answer can only be provided by using a\nsystematic description based on a gap-distribution approach.",
        "positive": "Inferring potential landscapes: A Schr\u00f6dinger bridge approach to\n  Maximum Caliber: Schr\\\"odinger bridges have emerged as an enabling framework for unveiling the\nstochastic dynamics of systems based on marginal observations at different\npoints in time. The terminology \"bridge'' refers to a probability law that\nsuitably interpolates such marginals. The theory plays a pivotal role in a\nvariety of contemporary developments in machine learning, stochastic control,\nthermodynamics, and biology, to name a few, impacting disciplines such as\nsingle-cell genomics, meteorology, and robotics. In this work, we extend\nSchr\\\"odinger's paradigm of bridges to account for integral constraints along\npaths, in a way akin to Maximum Caliber - a Maximum Entropy principle applied\nin a dynamic context. The Maximum Caliber principle has proven useful to infer\nthe dynamics of complex systems e.g., that model gene circuits and protein\nfolding. We unify these two problems via a maximum likelihood formulation to\nreconcile stochastic dynamics with ensemble-path data. A variety of data types\ncan be encompassed, ranging from distribution moments to average currents along\npaths. The framework enables inference of time-varying potential landscapes\nthat drive the process. The resulting forces can be interpreted as the optimal\ncontrol that drives the system in a way that abides by specified integral\nconstraints. Analogous results are presented in a discrete-time, discrete-space\nsetting and specialized to steady-state dynamics. We finish by illustrating the\npractical applicability of the framework through paradigmatic examples, such as\nthat of bit erasure or protein folding. In doing so, we highlight the strengths\nof the proposed framework, namely, the generality of the theory, the ease of\ncomputation, and the ability to interpret results in terms of system dynamics.\nThis is in contrast to Maximum-Caliber problems where the focus is typically on\nupdating a probability law on paths."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy of fully-packed rigid rods on generalized Husimi trees: a route\n  to the square lattice limit: Although hard rigid rods ($k$-mers) defined on the square lattice have been\nwidely studied in the literature, their entropy per site, $s(k)$, in the\nfull-packing limit is only known exactly for dimers ($k=2$) and numerically for\ntrimers ($k=3$). Here, we investigate this entropy for rods with $k \\le 7$, by\ndefining and solving them on Husimi lattices built with diagonal and regular\nsquare lattice clusters of effective lateral size $L$, where $L$ defines the\nlevel of approximation to the square lattice. Due to an $L$-parity effect, by\nincreasing $L$ we obtain two systematic sequences of values for the entropies\n$s_L(k)$ for each type of cluster, whose extrapolations to $L \\rightarrow\n\\infty$ provide estimates of these entropies for the square lattice. For\ndimers, our estimates for $s(2)$ differ from the exact result by only $0.03\\%$,\nwhile that for $s(3)$ differs from best available estimates by $3\\%$. In this\npaper, we also obtain a new estimate for $s(4)$. For larger $k$, we find that\nthe extrapolated results from the Husimi tree calculations do not lie between\nthe lower and upper bounds established in the literature for $s(k)$. In fact,\nwe observe that, to obtain reliable estimates for these entropies, we should\ndeal with levels $L$ that increase with $k$. However, it is very challenging\ncomputationally to advance to solve the problem for large values of $L$ and for\nlarge rods. In addition, the exact calculations on the generalized Husimi trees\nprovide strong evidence for the fully packed phase to be disordered for $k\\geq\n4$, in contrast to the results for the Bethe lattice wherein it is nematic,\nthus providing evidence for a high density nematic-disordered transition in the\nsystem of $k$-mers with vacancies.",
        "positive": "Hamiltonian paths on the Sierpinski gasket: We derive exactly the number of Hamiltonian paths H(n) on the two dimensional\nSierpinski gasket SG(n) at stage $n$, whose asymptotic behavior is given by\n$\\frac{\\sqrt{3}(2\\sqrt{3})^{3^{n-1}}}{3} \\times (\\frac{5^2 \\times 7^2 \\times\n17^2}{2^{12} \\times 3^5 \\times 13})(16)^n$. We also obtain the number of\nHamiltonian paths with one end at a certain outmost vertex of SG(n), with\nasymptotic behavior $\\frac {\\sqrt{3}(2\\sqrt{3})^{3^{n-1}}}{3} \\times (\\frac {7\n\\times 17}{2^4 \\times 3^3})4^n$. The distribution of Hamiltonian paths on SG(n)\nwith one end at a certain outmost vertex and the other end at an arbitrary\nvertex of SG(n) is investigated. We rigorously prove that the exponent for the\nmean $\\ell$ displacement between the two end vertices of such Hamiltonian paths\non SG(n) is $\\ell \\log 2 / \\log 3$ for $\\ell>0$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards an optimal flow: Density-of-states-informed replica-exchange\n  simulations: Replica exchange (RE) is one of the most popular enhanced-sampling\nsimulations technique in use today. Despite widespread successes, RE\nsimulations can sometimes fail to converge in practical amounts of time, e.g.,\nwhen sampling around phase transitions, or when a few hard-to-find\nconfigurations dominate the statistical averages. We introduce a generalized RE\nscheme, density-of-states-informed RE (g-RE), that addresses some of these\nchallenges. The key feature of our approach is to inform the simulation with\nreadily available, but commonly unused, information on the the density of\nstates of the system as the RE simulation proceeds. This enables two\nimprovements, namely, the introduction of resampling moves that actively move\nthe system towards equilibrium, and the continual adaptation of the optimal\ntemperature set. As a consequence of these two innovations, we show that the\nconfiguration flow in temperature space is optimized and that the overall\nconvergence of RE simulations can be dramatically accelerated.",
        "positive": "L\u00e9vy Distribution of Single Molecule Line Shape Cumulants in Low\n  Temperature Glass: We investigate the distribution of single molecule line shape cumulants,\n$\\kappa_1,\\kappa_2,...$, in low temperature glasses based on the sudden jump,\nstandard tunneling model. We find that the cumulants are described by L\\'evy\nstable laws, thus generalized central limit theorem is applicable for this\nproblem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase diagram of the ST2 model of water: We evaluate the free energy of the fluid and crystal phases for the ST2\npotential [F.H. Stillinger and A. Rahman, J. Chem. Phys. 60, 1545 (1974)] with\nreaction field corrections for the long-range interactions. We estimate the\nphase coexistence boundaries in the temperature-pressure plane, as well as the\ngas-liquid critical point and gas-liquid coexistence conditions. Our study\nframes the location of the previously identified liquid-liquid critical point\nrelative to the crystalline phase boundaries, and opens the way for exploring\ncrystal nucleation in a model where the metastable liquid-liquid critical point\nis computationally accessible.",
        "positive": "Ergodicity of the Martyna-Klein-Tuckerman Thermostat and the 2014 Snook\n  Prize: Nos\\'e and Hoover's 1984 work showed that although Nos\\'e and Nos\\'e-Hoover\ndynamics were both consistent with Gibbs' canonical distribution neither\ndynamics, when applied to the harmonic oscillator, provided Gibbs' Gaussian\ndistribution. Further investigations indicated that two independent thermostat\nvariables are necessary, and often sufficient, to generate Gibbs' canonical\ndistribution for an oscillator. Three successful time-reversible and\ndeterministic sets of two-thermostat motion equations were developed in the\n1990s. We analyze one of them here. It was developed by Martyna, Klein, and\nTuckerman in 1992. Its ergodicity was called into question by Patra and\nBhattacharya in 2014. This question became the subject of the 2014 Snook Prize.\nHere we summarize the previous work on this problem and elucidate new details\nof the chaotic dynamics in the neighborhood of the two fixed points. We apply\nsix separate tests for ergodicity and conclude that the MKT equations are fully\ncompatible with all of them, in consonance with our recent work with Clint\nSprott and Puneet Patra."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An LDPCC decoding algorithm based on Bowman-Levin approximation\n  --Comparison with BP and CCCP--: Belief propagation (BP) and the concave convex procedure (CCCP) are both\nmethods that utilize the Bethe free energy as a cost function and solve\ninformation processing tasks. We have developed a new algorithm that also uses\nthe Bethe free energy, but changes the roles of the master variables and the\nslave variables. This is called the Bowman-Levin (BL) approximation in the\ndomain of statistical physics. When we applied the BL algorithm to decode the\nGallager ensemble of short-length regular low-density parity check codes\n(LDPCC) over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, its average\nperformance was somewhat better than that of either BP or CCCP. This implies\nthat the BL algorithm can also be successfully applied to other problems to\nwhich BP or CCCP has already been applied.",
        "positive": "Entropy production for mechanically or chemically driven biomolecules: Entropy production along a single stochastic trajectory of a biomolecule is\ndiscussed for two different sources of non-equilibrium. For a molecule\nmanipulated mechanically by an AFM or an optical tweezer, entropy production\n(or annihilation) occurs in the molecular conformation proper or in the\nsurrounding medium. Within a Langevin dynamics, a unique identification of\nthese two contributions is possible. The total entropy change obeys an integral\nfluctuation theorem and a class of further exact relations, which we prove for\narbitrarily coupled slow degrees of freedom including hydrodynamic\ninteractions. These theoretical results can therefore also be applied to driven\ncolloidal systems. For transitions between different internal conformations of\na biomolecule involving unbalanced chemical reactions, we provide a\nthermodynamically consistent formulation and identify again the two sources of\nentropy production, which obey similar exact relations. We clarify the\nparticular role degenerate states have in such a description."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Population and phase dynamics of F=1 spinor condensates in an external\n  magnetic field: We show that the classical dynamics underlying the mean-field description of\nhomogeneous mixtures of spinor F=1 Bose-Einstein condensates in an external\nmagnetic field is integrable as a consequence of number conservation and axial\nsymmetry in spin space. The population dynamics depends only on the quadratic\nterm of the Zeeman energy and on the strength of the spin-dependent term of the\natom-atom interaction. We determine the equilibrium populations as function of\nthe ratio of these two quantities and the miscibility of the hyperfine\ncomponents in the ground state spinors are thoroughly discussed. Outside the\nequilibrium, the populations are always a periodic function of time where the\nperiodic motion can be a libration or a rotation. Our studies also indicates\nthe absence of metastability.",
        "positive": "Exclusion Volumes of Convex Bodies in High Space Dimensions:\n  Applications to Virial Coefficients and Continuum Percolation: Using the concepts of mixed volumes and quermassintegrals of convex geometry,\nwe derive an exact formula for the exclusion volume for a general convex body\nthat applies in any space dimension, including both the rotationally-averaged\nexclusion volume and with the same orientation. We show that the sphere\nminimizes the dimensionless exclusion volume $v_{ex}(K)/v(K)$ among all convex\nbodies, whether randomly oriented or uniformly oriented, for any $d$, where\n$v(K)$ is the volume of $K$. When the bodies have the same orientation, the\nsimplex maximizes the dimensionless exclusion volume for any $d$ with a\nlarge-$d$ asymptotic scaling behavior of $2^{2d}/d^{3/2}$, which is to be\ncontrasted with the scaling of $2^d$ for the sphere. We present explicit\nformulas for quermassintegrals for many nonspherical convex bodies as well as\nas well as lower-dimensional bodies. These results are utilized to determine\nthe rotationally-averaged exclusion volume for these shapes for dimensions 2\nthrough 12. While the sphere is the shape possessing the minimal dimensionless\nexclusion volume, among the convex bodies considered that are sufficiently\ncompact, the simplex possesses the maximal dimensionless exclusion volume with\na scaling behavior of $2^{1.6618\\ldots d}$. We also determine the corresponding\nsecond virial coefficient $B_2(K)$ of the aforementioned hard hyperparticles\nand compute estimates of the continuum percolation threshold $\\eta_c$ derived\npreviously by the authors. We conjecture that overlapping spheres possess the\nmaximal value of $\\eta_c$ among all identical nonzero-volume convex overlapping\nbodies for $d \\ge 2$, randomly or uniformly oriented, and that, among all\nidentical, oriented nonzero-volume convex bodies, overlapping simplices have\nthe minimal value of $\\eta_c$ for $d\\ge 2$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Introducing one-shot work into fluctuation relations: Two approaches to small-scale and quantum thermodynamics are fluctuation\nrelations and one-shot statistical mechanics. Fluctuation relations (such as\nCrooks' Theorem and Jarzynski's Equality) relate nonequilibrium behaviors to\nequilibrium quantities such as free energy. One-shot statistical mechanics\ninvolves statements about every run of an experiment, not just about averages\nover trials.\n  We investigate the relation between the two approaches. We show that both\napproaches feature the same notions of work and the same notions of probability\ndistributions over possible work values. The two approaches are alternative\ntoolkits with which to analyze these distributions. To combine the toolkits, we\nshow how one-shot work quantities can be defined and bounded in contexts\ngoverned by Crooks' Theorem. These bounds provide a new bridge from one-shot\ntheory to experiments originally designed for testing fluctuation theorems.",
        "positive": "Fluids in porous media: The case of neutral walls: The bulk phase behavior of a fluid is typically altered when the fluid is\nbrought into confinement by the walls of a random porous medium. Inside the\nporous medium, phase transition points are shifted, or may disappear\naltogether. A crucial determinant is how the walls interact with the fluid\nparticles. In this work, we consider the situation whereby the walls are\nneutral with respect to the liquid and vapor phase. In order to realize the\ncondition of strict neutrality, we use a symmetric binary mixture inside a\nporous medium that interacts identically with both of the mixture species.\nMonte Carlo simulations are then used to obtain the phase behavior. Our main\nfinding is that, in the presence of the porous medium, a liquid-vapor type\ntransition still occurs, but with critical exponents that deviate from bulk\nIsing values. In addition, we observe clear violations of self-averaging. These\nfindings provide further evidence that random confinement by neutral walls\ninduces critical behavior of the random Ising model (i.e. Ising models with\ndilution type disorder, where the disorder couples to the energy)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Volume explored by a branching random walk on general graphs: Branching processes are used to model diverse social and physical scenarios,\nfrom extinction of family names to nuclear fission. However, for a better\ndescription of natural phenomena, such as viral epidemics in cellular tissues,\nanimal populations and social networks, a spatial embedding---the branching\nrandom walk (BRW)---is required. Despite its wide range of applications, the\nproperties of the volume explored by the BRW so far remained elusive, with\nexact results limited to one dimension. Here we present analytical results,\nsupported by numerical simulations, on the scaling of the volume explored by a\nBRW in the critical regime, the onset of epidemics, in general environments.\nOur results characterise the spreading dynamics on regular lattices and general\ngraphs, such as fractals, random trees and scale-free networks, revealing the\ndirect relation between the graphs' dimensionality and the rate of propagation\nof the viral process. Furthermore, we use the BRW to determine the spectral\nproperties of real social and metabolic networks, where we observe that a lack\nof information of the network structure can lead to differences in the observed\nbehaviour of the spreading process. Our results provide observables of broad\ninterest for the characterisation of real world lattices, tissues, and\nnetworks.",
        "positive": "Locally Preferred Structure and Frustration in Glassforming Liquids: A\n  Clue to Polyamorphism?: We propose that the concept of liquids characterized by a given locally\npreferred structure (LPS) could help in understanding the observed phenomenon\nof polyamorphism. ``True polyamorphism'' would involve the competition between\ntwo (or more) distinct LPS, one favored at low pressure because of its low\nenergy and one favored at high pressure because of its small specific volume,\nas in tetrahedrally coordinated systems. ``Apparent polyamorphism'' could be\nassociated with the existence of a poorly crystallized defect-ordered phase\nwith a large unit cell and small crystallites, which may be illustrated by the\nmetastable glacial phase of the fragile glassformer triphenylphosphite; the\napparent polyamorphism might result from structural frustration, i. e., a\ncompetition between the tendency to extend the LPS and a global constraint that\nprevents tiling of the whole space by the LPS."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Computing loop corrections by message passing: Any spanning tree in a loopy interaction graph can be used for communicating\nthe effect of the loopy interactions by introducing messages that are passed\nalong the edges in the spanning tree. This defines an exact mapping of the\nproblem on the loopy interaction graph onto an extended problem on a tree\ninteraction graph, where the thermodynamic quantities can be computed by a\nmessage-passing algorithm based on the Bethe equations. We propose an\napproximation loop correction algorithm for the Ising model relying on the\nabove representation of the problem. The algorithm deals at the same time with\nthe short and long loops, and can be used to obtain upper and lower bounds for\nthe free energy.",
        "positive": "Personal History with MEF and Some Related Topics: We present our personal histories with Michael Fisher. We describe how each\none of us first came to Cornell University. We also discuss our many subsequent\ninteractions and successful collaborations with him on various physics\nprojects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time-fractional kinetic equation for the non-Markovian kinetic processes: In this study, we analytically formulated the path integral representation of\nthe conditional probabilities for non-Markovian kinetic processes in terms of\nthe free energy of the thermodynamic system. We carry out analytically the\ntime-fractional kinetic equations for these processes. Thus, in a simple way,\nwe generalize path integral solutions of the Markovian to the non-Markovian\ncases. We conclude that these pedagogical results can be applied to some\nphysical problems such as the deformed ion channels, internet networks and\nnon-equilibrium phase transition problems.",
        "positive": "The nature of the ordered phase of the confined self-assembled rigid rod\n  model: We investigate the nature of the ordered phase and the orientational\ncorrelations between adjacent layers of the confined three-dimensional\nself-assembled rigid rod model, on the cubic lattice. We find that the ordered\nphase at finite temperatures becomes uniaxial in the thermodynamic limit, by\ncontrast to the ground state (partial) order where the orientation of the\nuncorrelated layers is perpendicular to one of the three lattice directions.\nThe increase of the orientational correlation between layers as the number of\nlayers increases suggests that the unconfined model may also exhibit uniaxial\nordering at finite temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slow dynamics and non-ergodicity of the bosonic quantum East model in\n  the semiclassical limit: We study the unitary dynamics of the bosonic quantum East model, a\nkinetically constrained lattice model which generalises the quantum East model\nto arbitrary occupation per site. We consider the semiclassical limit of large\n(but finite) site occupancy, so that the dynamics are approximated by an\nevolution equation of the Gross-Pitaevskii kind. This allows us to numerically\nstudy in detail system sizes of hundreds of sites. Like in the spin-$1/2$ case,\nwe find two dynamical phases, an active one of fast thermalisation, and an\ninactive one of slow relaxation and absence of ergodicity on numerically\naccessible timescales. The location of this apparent ergodic to non-ergodic\ntransition coincides with the localisation transition of the ground state. We\nfurther characterize states which are non-ergodic on all timescales in the\notherwise ergodic regime.",
        "positive": "Critical behaviour of annihilating random walk of two species with\n  exclusion in one dimension: The $A+A\\to 0$, $B+B\\to 0 $ process with exclusion between the different\nkinds is investigated here numerically. Before treating this model explicitly,\nwe study the generalized Domany-Kinzel cellular automaton model of Hinrichsen\non the line of the parameter space where only compact clusters can grow. The\nsimplest version is treated with two absorbing phases in addition to the active\none. The two kinds of kinks which arise in this case do not react, leading to\nkinetics differing from standard annihilating random walk of two species. Time\ndependent simulations are presented here to illustrate the differences caused\nby exclusion in the scaling properties of usually discussed characteristic\nquantities. The dependence on the density and composition of the initial state\nis most apparent. Making use of the parallelism between this process and\ndirected percolation limited by a reflecting parabolic surface we argue that\nthe two kinds of kinks exert marginal perturbation on each other leading to\ndeviations from standard annihilating random walk behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of quasi-geostrophic flows on a rotating sphere: Statistical mechanics provides an elegant explanation to the appearance of\ncoherent structures in two-dimensional inviscid turbulence: while the\nfine-grained vorticity field, described by the Euler equation, becomes more and\nmore filamented through time, its dynamical evolution is constrained by some\nglobal conservation laws (energy, Casimir invariants). As a consequence, the\ncoarse-grained vorticity field can be predicted through standard statistical\nmechanics arguments (relying on the Hamiltonian structure of the\ntwo-dimensional Euler flow), for any given set of the integral constraints.\n  It has been suggested that the theory applies equally well to geophysical\nturbulence; specifically in the case of the quasi-geostrophic equations, with\npotential vorticity playing the role of the advected quantity. In this study,\nwe demonstrate analytically that the Miller-Robert-Sommeria theory leads to\nnon-trivial statistical equilibria for quasi-geostrophic flows on a rotating\nsphere, with or without bottom topography. We first consider flows without\nbottom topography and with an infinite Rossby deformation radius, with and\nwithout conservation of angular momentum. When the conservation of angular\nmomentum is taken into account, we report a case of second order phase\ntransition associated with spontaneous symmetry breaking. In a second step, we\ntreat the general case of a flow with an arbitrary bottom topography and a\nfinite Rossby deformation radius. Previous studies were restricted to flows in\na planar domain with fixed or periodic boundary conditions with a beta-effect.\n  In these different cases, we are able to classify the statistical equilibria\nfor the large-scale flow through their sole macroscopic features. We build the\nphase diagrams of the system and discuss the relations of the various\nstatistical ensembles.",
        "positive": "Energy repartition for a harmonic chain with local reservoirs: We exactly analyze the vibrational properties of a chain of harmonic\noscillators in contact with local Langevin heat baths. Nonequilibrium\nsteady-state fluctuations are found to be described by a set of\nmode-temperatures, independent of the strengths of both the harmonic\ninteraction and the viscous damping. Energy is equally distributed between the\nconjugate variables of a given mode but differently among different modes, in a\nmanner which depends exclusively on the bath temperatures and on the boundary\nconditions. We outline how bath-temperature profiles can be designed to enhance\nor reduce fluctuations at specific frequencies in the power spectrum of the\nchain length."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density of states for systems with multiple order parameters: a\n  constrained Wang-Landau method: A macroscopically constrained Wang-Landau Monte Carlo method was recently\nproposed to calculate the joint density of states (DOS) for systems with\nmultiple order parameters. Here we demonstrate results for a nearest-neighbor\nIsing antiferromagnet with ferromagnetic long-range interactions (a model\nspin-crossover material). Its two relevant order parameters are the\nmagnetization $M$ and the staggered magnetization $M_{\\rm s}$. The joint DOS,\n$g(E,M,M_{\\rm s})$ where $E$ is the total system energy, is calculated for zero\nexternal field and long-range interaction strength, and then obtained for\narbitrary values of these two field-like model parameters by a simple\ntransformation of $E$. Illustrations are shown for several parameter sets.",
        "positive": "Correlation function for generalized P\u00f3lya urns: Finite-size scaling\n  analysis: We describe a universality class of the transitions of a generalized\nP\\'{o}lya urn by studying the asymptotic behavior of the normalized correlation\nfunction $C(t)$ using finite-size scaling analysis. $X(1),X(2),\\cdots$ are the\nsuccessive additions of a red (blue) ball [$X(t)=1\\,(0)$] at stage $t$ and\n$C(t)\\equiv \\mbox{Cov}(X(1),X(t+1))/\\mbox{Var}(X(1))$. Furthermore,\n$z(t)=\\sum_{s=1}^{t}X(s)/t$ represents the successive proportions of red balls\nin an urn to which, at the $t+1$-th stage, a red ball is added, [$X(t+1)=1$],\nwith probability $q(z(t))=(\\tanh [J(2z(t)-1)+h]+1)/2,J\\ge 0$, and a blue ball\nis added, [$X(t)=0$], with probability $1-q(z(t))$. A boundary $(J_{c}(h),h)$\nexists in the $(J,h)$ plane between a region with one fixed point and another\nregion with two stable fixed points for $q(z)$. $C(t) \\sim c+a\\cdot t^{l-1}$\nwith $c=0\\,(>0)$ for $J<J_{c}\\,(J>J_{c})$, and $l$ is the (larger) value of the\nslope(s) of $q(z)$ at the stable fixed point(s). On the boundary $J=J_{c}(h)$,\n$C(t)\\simeq c+a\\cdot \\log(t)^{-\\alpha'}$ and $c=0\\,(c>0), \\alpha'=0.5\\,(1.0)$\nfor $h=0\\,(h\\neq 0)$. The system shows a continuous phase transition for $h=0$\nand $C(t)$ behaves as $C(t)\\simeq t^{-\\alpha'}g((1-l)\\log t)$ with an universal\nfunction $g(x)$ and a length scale $1/(1-l)$ with respect to $\\log t$.\n$\\beta=\\nu_{||}\\cdot \\alpha'$ holds with critical exponent $\\beta=1/2$ and\n$\\nu_{||}=1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transfer matrix analysis of one-dimensional majority cellular automata\n  with thermal noise: Thermal noise in a cellular automaton refers to a random perturbation to its\nfunction which eventually leads this automaton to an equilibrium state\ncontrolled by a temperature parameter. We study the 1-dimensional majority-3\ncellular automaton under this model of noise. Without noise, each cell in this\nautomaton decides its next state by majority voting among itself and its left\nand right neighbour cells. Transfer matrix analysis shows that the automaton\nalways reaches a state in which every cell is in one of its two states with\nprobability 1/2 and thus cannot remember even one bit of information. Numerical\nexperiments, however, support the possibility of reliable computation for a\nlong but finite time.",
        "positive": "Universality Class of Discrete Solid-on-Solid Limited Mobility\n  Nonequilibrium Growth Models for Kinetic Surface Roughening: We investigate, using the noise reduction technique, the asymptotic\nuniversality class of the well-studied nonequilibrium limited mobility\natomistic solid-on-solid surface growth models introduced by Wolf and Villain\n(WV) and Das Sarma and Tamborenea (DT) in the context of kinetic surface\nroughening in ideal molecular beam epitaxy. We find essentially all the earlier\nconclusions regarding the universality class of DT and WV models to be severely\nhampered by slow crossover and extremely long lived transient effects. We\nidentify the correct asymptotic universality class(es) which differs from\nearlier conclusions in several instances."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasi-stationary trajectories of the HMF model: a topological\n  perspective: We employ a topological approach to investigate the nature of\nquasi-stationary states of the Mean Field XY Hamiltonian model that arise when\nthe system is initially prepared in a fully magnetized configuration. By means\nof numerical simulations and analytical considerations, we show that, along the\nquasi-stationary trajectories, the system evolves in a manifold of critical\npoints of the potential energy function. Although these critical points are\nmaxima, the large number of directions with marginal stability may be\nresponsible for the slow relaxation dynamics and the trapping of the system in\nsuch trajectories.",
        "positive": "Atomic Gases at Negative Kinetic Temperature: We show that thermalization of the motion of atoms at negative temperature is\npossible in an optical lattice, for conditions that are feasible in current\nexperiments. We present a method for reversibly inverting the temperature of a\ntrapped gas. Moreover, a negative-temperature ensemble can be cooled, reducing\nabs(T), by evaporation of the lowest-energy particles. This enables the\nattainment of the Bose-Einstein condensation phase transition at negative\ntemperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Decay of metastable phases in a model for the catalytic oxidation of CO: We study by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations the dynamic behavior of a\nZiff-Gulari-Barshad model with CO desorption for the reaction CO + O $\\to$\nCO$_2$ on a catalytic surface. Finite-size scaling analysis of the fluctuations\nand the fourth-order order-parameter cumulant show that below a critical CO\ndesorption rate, the model exhibits a nonequilibrium first-order phase\ntransition between low and high CO coverage phases. We calculate several points\non the coexistence curve. We also measure the metastable lifetimes associated\nwith the transition from the low CO coverage phase to the high CO coverage\nphase, and {\\it vice versa}. Our results indicate that the transition process\nfollows a mechanism very similar to the decay of metastable phases associated\nwith {\\it equilibrium} first-order phase transitions and can be described by\nthe classic Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami theory of phase transformation by\nnucleation and growth. In the present case, the desorption parameter plays the\nrole of temperature, and the distance to the coexistence curve plays the role\nof an external field or supersaturation. We identify two distinct regimes,\ndepending on whether the system is far from or close to the coexistence curve,\nin which the statistical properties and the system-size dependence of the\nlifetimes are different, corresponding to multidroplet or single-droplet decay,\nrespectively. The crossover between the two regimes approaches the coexistence\ncurve logarithmically with system size, analogous to the behavior of the\ncrossover between multidroplet and single-droplet metastable decay near an\nequilibrium first-order phase transition.",
        "positive": "A one parameter fit for glassy dynamics as a corollary of the\n  equilibrium liquid to solid transition: We apply microcanonical ensemble considerations to suggest that, whenever it\nmay thermalize, a general disorder-free many-body Hamiltonian of a typical\natomic system has solid-like eigenstates at low energies and fluid-type (and\ngaseous, plasma) eigenstates associated with energy densities exceeding those\npresent in the melting (and, respectively, higher energy) transition(s). In\nparticular, the lowest energy density at which the eigenstates of such a clean\nmany body atomic system undergo a non-analytic change is that of the melting\n(or freezing) transition. We invoke this observation to analyze the evolution\nof a liquid upon supercooling (i.e., cooling rapidly enough to avoid\nsolidification below the freezing temperature). Expanding the wavefunction of a\nsupercooled liquid in the complete eigenbasis of the many-body Hamiltonian,\nonly the higher energy liquid-type eigenstates contribute significantly to\nmeasurable hydrodynamic relaxations (e.g., those probed by viscosity) while\nstatic thermodynamic observables become weighted averages over both solid- and\nliquid-type eigenstates. Consequently, when extrapolated to low temperatures,\nhydrodynamic relaxation times of deeply supercooled liquids (i.e., glasses) may\nseem to diverge at nearly the same temperature at which the extrapolated\nentropy of the supercooled liquid becomes that of the solid. In this formal\nquantum framework, the increasingly sluggish (and spatially heterogeneous)\ndynamics in supercooled liquids as their temperature is lowered stems from the\nexistence of the single non-analytic change of the eigenstates of the clean\nmany-body Hamiltonian at the equilibrium melting transition present in low\nenergy solid-type eigenstates. We derive a single (possibly computable)\ndimensionless parameter fit to the viscosity and suggest other testable\npredictions of our approach."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiplicity of Ordered Phases in Frustrated Systems Obtained from\n  Hard-Spin Mean-Field Theory: Random quenched dilution of the triangular-lattice antiferromagnetic Ising\nmodel locally relieves frustration, leading to ordering phenomena. We have\nstudied this system, under such dilution of one sublattice, using hard-spin\nmean-field theory. After a threshold dilution, two sublattices develop non-zero\nmagnetizations of equal magnitude and opposite signs, as all three sublattices\nexhibit spin-glass order. In this phase, multiple sets of ordered solutions\noccur. A phase diagram is obtained in dilution fraction and temperature.",
        "positive": "The Random-Bond Ising Model and its dual in Hyperbolic Spaces: We analyze the thermodynamic properties of the random-bond Ising model (RBIM)\non closed hyperbolic surfaces using Monte Carlo and high-temperature series\nexpansion techniques. We also analyze the dual-RBIM, that is the model that in\nthe absence of disorder is related to the RBIM via the Kramers-Wannier duality.\nEven on self-dual lattices this model is different from the RBIM, unlike in the\neuclidean case. We explain this anomaly by a careful re-derivation of the\nKramers--Wannier duality. For the (dual-)RBIM, we compute the\nparamagnet-to-ferromagnet phase transition as a function of both temperature\n$T$ and the fraction of antiferromagnetic bonds $p$. We find that as\ntemperature is decreased in the RBIM, the paramagnet gives way to either a\nferromagnet or a spin-glass phase via a second-order transition compatible with\nmean-field behavior. In contrast, the dual-RBIM undergoes a strongly first\norder transition from the paramagnet to the ferromagnet both in the absence of\ndisorder and along the Nishimori line. We study both transitions for a variety\nof hyperbolic tessellations and comment on the role of coordination number and\ncurvature. The extent of the ferromagnetic phase in the dual-RBIM corresponds\nto the correctable phase of hyperbolic surface codes under independent bit- and\nphase-flip noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Full counting statistics in a propagating quantum front and random\n  matrix spectra: One-dimensional free fermions are studied with emphasis on propagating fronts\nemerging from a step initial condition. The probability distribution of the\nnumber of particles at the edge of the front is determined exactly. It is found\nthat the full counting statistics coincides with the eigenvalue statistics of\nthe edge spectrum of matrices from the Gaussian unitary ensemble. The\ncorrespondence established between the random matrix eigenvalues and the\nparticle positions yields the order statistics of the right-most particles in\nthe front and, furthermore, it implies their subdiffusive spreading.",
        "positive": "Evolution equation for a model of surface relaxation in complex networks: In this paper we derive analytically the evolution equation of the interface\nfor a model of surface growth with relaxation to the minimum (SRM) in complex\nnetworks. We were inspired by the disagreement between the scaling results of\nthe steady state of the fluctuations between the discrete SRM model and the\nEdward-Wilkinson process found in scale-free networks with degree distribution\n$ P(k) \\sim k^{-\\lambda}$ for $\\lambda <3$ [Pastore y Piontti {\\it et al.},\nPhys. Rev. E {\\bf 76}, 046117 (2007)]. Even though for Euclidean lattices the\nevolution equation is linear, we find that in complex heterogeneous networks\nnon-linear terms appear due to the heterogeneity and the lack of symmetry of\nthe network; they produce a logarithmic divergency of the saturation roughness\nwith the system size as found by Pastore y Piontti {\\it et al.} for $\\lambda\n<3$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Persistence of the flat band in a kagome magnet with dipolar\n  interactions: The weathervane modes of the classical Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the\nkagome lattice constitute possibly the earliest and certainly the most\ncelebrated example of a flat band of zero-energy excitations. Such modes arise\nfrom the underconstraint that has since become a defining criterion of strong\ngeometrical frustration. We investigate the fate of this flat band when dipolar\ninteractions are added. These change the nearest-neighbour model fundamentally\nas they remove the Heisenberg spin-rotational symmetry while also introducing a\nlong- range component to the interaction. We explain how the modes continue to\nremain approximately dispersionless, while being lifted to finite energy as\nwell as being squeezed: they change their ellipticity described by the ratio of\nthe amplitudes of the canonically conjugate variables comprising them. This\nphenomenon provides interesting connections between concepts such as constraint\ncounting and self-screening underpinning the field of frustrated magnetism. We\ndiscuss variants of these phenomena for different interactions, lattices and\ndimension.",
        "positive": "From Quantum Dynamics to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: In quantum systems which satisfy the hypothesis of equal weights for\neigenstates [4], the maximum work principle (for extremely slow and relatively\nfast operation) is derived by using quantum dynamics alone. This may be a\ncrucial step in establishing a firm connection between macroscopic\nthermodynamics and microscopic quantum dynamics. For special models introduced\nin [4,5], the derivation of the maximum work principle can be executed without\nintroducing any unproved assumptions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of one and two-qubit nonequilibrium heat engines running\n  between squeezed thermal reservoirs: Quantum heat engines form an active field of research due to their potential\napplications. There are several phenomena that are unique to the quantum\nregime, some of which are known to give these engines an edge over their\nclassical counterparts. In this work, we focus on the study of one and\ntwo-qubit finite-time Otto engines interacting with squeezed thermal baths, and\ndiscuss their important distinctions as well as the advantage of using the\ntwo-qubit engine. In particular, the two-qubit engine offers an interesting\nstudy of the interplay between the degree of squeezing and that of the\ncoherence between the two qubits. We find that the two-qubit engine generally\nyields higher power than its one-qubit counterpart. The effective temperature\nof the squeezed baths can be calculated both for the one and two-qubit engines,\nand they tend to show an exponential growth with increase in squeezing\nparameters $r_h$ and $r_c$. It is also observed that by tuning the squeezing\nparameters, the machine can be made to work either in the engine or in the\nrefrigerator mode. Additional effects due to the change in the inter-qubit\nseparation have been studied.",
        "positive": "Detecting a long lived false vacuum with quantum quenches: Distinguishing whether a system supports alternate low-energy (locally\nstable) states -- stable (true vacuum) versus metastable (false vacuum) -- by\ndirect observation can be difficult when the lifetime of the state is very long\nbut otherwise unknown. Here we demonstrate, in a tractable model system, that\nthere are physical phenomena on much shorter time scales that can diagnose the\ndifference. Specifically, we study the spectral density following a quench in\nthe tilted quantum Ising model, and show that the evolution of the spectral\ndensity is a powerful diagnostic. Small transition bubbles are more common than\nlarge ones, and we see characteristic differences in the size dependence of\nbubble lifetimes even well below the critical size for false vacuum decay. We\nexpect this sort of behavior to be generic in systems of this kind. We show\nsuch signatures persist in a continuum field theory. This also opens the\npossibility of similar signatures of the potential metastable false vacuum of\nour universe well before the beginning of a decay process to the true vacuum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random quantum magnets with broad disorder distribution: We study the critical behavior of Ising quantum magnets with broadly\ndistributed random couplings (J), such that $P(\\ln J) \\sim |\\ln\nJ|^{-1-\\alpha}$, $\\alpha>1$, for large $|\\ln J|$ (L\\'evy flight statistics).\nFor sufficiently broad distributions, $\\alpha<\\alpha_c$, the critical behavior\nis controlled by a line of fixed points, where the critical exponents vary with\nthe L\\'evy index, $\\alpha$. In one dimension, with $\\alpha_c=2$, we obtaind\nseveral exact results through a mapping to surviving Riemann walks. In two\ndimensions the varying critical exponents have been calculated by a numerical\nimplementation of the Ma-Dasgupta-Hu renormalization group method leading to\n$\\alpha_c \\approx 4.5$. Thus in the region $2<\\alpha<\\alpha_c$, where the\ncentral limit theorem holds for $|\\ln J|$ the broadness of the distribution is\nrelevant for the 2d quantum Ising model.",
        "positive": "Creep motion in a random-field Ising model: We analyze numerically a moving interface in the random-field Ising model\nwhich is driven by a magnetic field. Without thermal fluctuations the system\ndisplays a depinning phase transition, i.e., the interface is pinned below a\ncertain critical value of the driving field. For finite temperatures the\ninterface moves even for driving fields below the critical value. In this\nso-called creep regime the dependence of the interface velocity on the\ntemperature is expected to obey an Arrhenius law. We investigate the details of\nthis Arrhenius behavior in two and three dimensions and compare our results\nwith predictions obtained from renormalization group approaches."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Active Brownian particles driven by constant affinity: Experimental realizations of self-propelled colloidal Janus particles exploit\nthe conversion of free energy into directed motion. One route are phoretic\nmechanisms that can be modeled schematically as the interconversion of two\nchemical species. Here we consider the situation when the difference of\nchemical potential between the two species (the driving affinity) can be\nassumed to be constant, and we derive the thermodynamically consistent\nequations of motion. In contrast to the standard model of active Brownian\nparticles parametrized by a constant self-propulsion speed, this yields a\nnon-constant speed that depends on the potential energy of the suspension. This\napproach allows to consistently model the breaking of detailed balance and the\naccompanying entropy production without non-conservative forces.",
        "positive": "Universality and quantum effects in one-component critical fluids: Non-universal scale transformations of the physical fields are extended to\npure quantum fluids and used to calculate susceptibility, specific heat and the\norder parameter along the critical isochore of He3 near its liquid-vapor\ncritical point. Within the so-called preasymptotic domain, where the Wegner\nexpansion restricted to the first term of confluent corrections to scaling is\nexpected valid, the results show agreement with the experimental measurements\nand recent predictions, either based on the minimal-substraction\nrenormalization and the massive renormalization schemes within the\n$\\Phi\\_{d=3}^{4}(n=1)$-model, or based on the crossover parametric equation of\nstate for Ising-like systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large Deviations on a Cayley Tree I: Rate Functions: We study the spherical model of a ferromagnet on a Cayley tree and show that\nin the case of empty boundary conditions the ferromagnetic phase transition\ntakes place at the critical temperature $T_c=\\frac{6\\sqrt{2}}{5}J$, where $J$\nis the interaction strength. For any temperature the equilibrium magnetization,\n$m_n$, tends to zero in the thermodynamic limit, and the true order parameter\nis the renormalized magnetization $r_n=n^{3/2}m_n$, where $n$ is the number of\ngenerations in the Cayley tree. Below $T_c$, the equilibrium values of the\norder parameter are given by \\[ \\rho^* = \\pm\\frac{2\\pi} {(\\sqrt{2}-1)^2}\n\\sqrt{1-\\frac{T}{T_c}}. \\] There is one more notable temperature, $T_{\\rm p}$,\nin the model. Below that temperature the influence of homogeneous boundary\nfield penetrates throughout the tree. We call $T_{\\rm p}$ the penetration\ntemperature, and it is given by \\[ T_{\\rm p}= \\frac{J} {W_{\\rm Cayley} (3/2)}\n\\left(1-\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{2}} \\left( \\frac{h}{2J} \\right)^2 \\right). \\] The main\nnew technical result of the paper is a complete set of orthonormal eigenvectors\nfor the discrete Laplace operator on a Cayley tree.",
        "positive": "L\u00e9vy scaling: the Diffusion Entropy Analysis applied to DNA\n  sequences: We address the problem of the statistical analysis of a time series generated\nby complex dynamics with a new method: the Diffusion Entropy Analysis (DEA)\n(Fractals, {\\bf 9}, 193 (2001)). This method is based on the evaluation of the\nShannon entropy of the diffusion process generated by the time series imagined\nas a physical source of fluctuations, rather than on the measurement of the\nvariance of this diffusion process, as done with the traditional methods. We\ncompare the DEA to the traditional methods of scaling detection and we prove\nthat the DEA is the only method that always yields the correct scaling value,\nif the scaling condition applies. Furthermore, DEA detects the real scaling of\na time series without requiring any form of de-trending. We show that the joint\nuse of DEA and variance method allows to assess whether a time series is\ncharacterized by L\\'{e}vy or Gauss statistics. We apply the DEA to the study of\nDNA sequences, and we prove that their large-time scales are characterized by\nL\\'{e}vy statistics, regardless of whether they are coding or non-coding\nsequences. We show that the DEA is a reliable technique and, at the same time,\nwe use it to confirm the validity of the dynamic approach to the DNA sequences,\nproposed in earlier work."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite size corrections for the Ising model on higher genus triangular\n  lattices: We study the topology dependence of finite size corrections to the Ising\nmodel partition function by considering the model on a triangular lattice\nembedded on a genus two surface. At criticality we observe a universal shape\ndependent correction, expressible in terms of Riemann theta functions, that\nreproduces the modular invariant partition function of the corresponding\nconformal field theory. The period matrix characterizing the moduli parameters\nof the limiting Riemann surface is obtained by a numerical study of the lattice\ncontinuum limit. The same results are reproduced using a discrete holomorphic\nstructure.",
        "positive": "Physics of the rhythmic applause: We discuss in detail a human scale example of the synchronization phenomenon,\nnamely the dynamics of the rhythmic applause. After a detailed experimental\ninvestigation, we describe the phenomenon with an approach based on the\nclassical Kuramoto model. Computer simulations based on the theoretical\nassumptions, reproduce perfectly the observed dynamics. We argue that a\nfrustration present in the system is responsible for the interesting interplay\nbetween synchronized and unsynchronized regimes"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat engines at optimal power: Low-dissipation versus endoreversible\n  model: Low-dissipation model and the endoreversible model of heat engines are two of\nthe most commonly studied models of machines in finite-time thermodynamics. In\nthis paper, we compare the performance characteristics of these two models\nunder optimal power output. We point out a basic equivalence between them, in\nthe linear response regime.",
        "positive": "Nonextensive Thermostatistics and the $H$-Theorem Revisited: In this paper we present a new derivation of the $H$-theorem and the\ncorresponding collisional equilibrium velocity distributions, within the\nframework of Tsallis' nonextensive thermostatistics. Unlike previous works, in\nour derivation we do not assume any modification on the functional form of\nBoltzmann's original \"molecular chaos hypothesis\". Rather, we explicitly\nintroduce into the collision scenario, the existence of statistical dependence\nbetween the molecules before the collision has taken place, through a\nconditional distribution $f(\\vec{v}_2|\\vec{v}_1)$. In this approach, different\nequilibrium scenarios emerge depending on the value of the nonextensive\nentropic parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometric theory of (extended) time-reversal symmetries in stochastic\n  processes -- Part I: finite dimension: In this article, we analyze three classes of time-reversal of a Markov\nprocess with Gaussian noise on a manifold. We first unveil a commutativity\nconstraint for the most general of these time-reversals to be well defined.\nThen we give a triad of necessary and sufficient conditions for the stochastic\nprocess to be time-reversible. While most reversibility conditions in the\nliterature require knowledge of the stationary probability, our conditions do\nnot, and therefore can be analytically checked in a systematic way. We then\nshow that the mathematical objects whose cancellation is required by our\nreversibility conditions play the role of independent sources of entropy\nproduction. Furthermore, we give a geometric interpretation of the so-called\nirreversible cycle-affinity as the vorticity of a certain vector field for a\nRiemannian geometry given by the diffusion tensor. We also discuss the relation\nbetween the time-reversability of the stochastic process and that of an\nassociated deterministic dynamics: its Stratonovitch average. Finally, we show\nthat a suitable choice of a reference measure - that can be considered as a\nprior or a gauge, depending on the context - allows to study a stochastic\nprocess in a way that is both coordinate-free and independent of the\nprescription used to define stochastic integrals. When this reference measure\nplays the role of a gauge choice, we interpret our previous results through the\nlens of gauge theory and prove them to be gauge-invariant.",
        "positive": "Statistical Mechanics of Monitored Dissipative Random Circuits: Dissipation is inevitable in realistic quantum circuits. We examine the\neffects of dissipation on a class of monitored random circuits that exhibit a\nmeasurement-induced entanglement phase transition. This transition has\npreviously been understood as an order-to-disorder transition of an effective\nclassical spin model. We extend this mapping to include on-site dissipation\ndescribed by the dephasing and spontaneous emission channel and study the\ncorresponding 2D Ising model with $\\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry-breaking\ninteractions. We analyze the dynamical regimes of the mutual information and\nfind that the joint action of monitored measurements and dissipation yields\nshort time, intermediate time and steady state behavior that can be understood\nin terms of crossovers between different classical domain wall configurations.\nThe presented analysis applies to monitored open or Lindbladian quantum systems\nand provides a tool to understand entanglement dynamics in realistic\ndissipative settings and small achievable system sizes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spectrum of the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process on a\n  periodic lattice -- first excited states: We consider the spectrum of the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process\non a periodic lattice of $L$ sites. The first eigenstates have an eigenvalue\nwith real part scaling as $L^{-3/2}$ for large $L$ with finite density of\nparticles. Bethe ansatz shows that these eigenstates are characterized by four\nfinite sets of positive half-integers, or equivalently by two integer\npartitions. Each corresponding eigenvalue is found to be equal to the value at\nits saddle point of a function indexed by the four sets. Our derivation of the\nlarge $L$ asymptotics relies on a version of the Euler-Maclaurin formula with\nsquare root singularities at both ends of the summation range.",
        "positive": "Transport of Molecular Motor Dimers in Burnt-Bridge Models: Dynamics of molecular motor dimers, consisting of rigidly bound particles\nthat move along two parallel lattices and interact with underlying molecular\ntracks, is investigated theoretically by analyzing discrete-state stochastic\ncontinuous-time burnt-bridge models. In these models the motion of molecular\nmotors is viewed as a random walk along the lattices with periodically\ndistributed weak links (bridges). When the particle crosses the weak link it\ncan be destroyed with a probability $p$, driving the molecular motor motion in\none direction. Dynamic properties and effective generated forces of dimer\nmolecular motors are calculated exactly as a function of a concentration of\nbridges $c$ and burning probability $p$ and compared with properties of the\nmonomer motors. It is found that the ratio of the velocities of the dimer and\nthe monomer can never exceed 2, while the dispersions of the dimer and the\nmonomer are not very different. The relative effective generated force of the\ndimer (as compared to the monomer) also cannot be larger than 2 for most sets\nof parameters. However, a very large force can be produced by the dimer in the\nspecial case of $c=1/2$ for non-zero shift between the lattices. Our\ncalculations do not show the significant increase in the force generated by\ncollagenase motor proteins in real biological systems as predicted by previous\ncomputational studies. The observed behavior of dimer molecular motors is\ndiscussed by considering in detail the particle dynamics near burnt bridges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Breakdown of Heterogeneous Materials: We discuss the threshold activated extremal dynamics that is prevalent in the\nbreakdown processes in heterogeneous materials. We model such systems by an\nelastic spring network with random breaking thresholds assigned to the springs.\nResults are obtained from molecular dynamics simulation of the system under\nconstant stress and constant strain conditions. We find that the distribution\n$P(m)$ of the avalanches of size $m$, caused by the rupturing of the springs\ntill the failure of the network, decays as a power-law: $P(m) \\sim\nm^{-\\alpha}$, where $\\alpha$ can be closely approximated to 5/2. The average\navalanche size $<m>$ diverges as $<m> \\sim (F_c - F)^{-1/2}$ close to the\nstress $F_c$ at which the total failure of the network occurs. We study the\ntime evolution of the breakdown process: we find that the bonds rupture\nrandomly over the network at initial times but the rupturing becomes highly\ncorrelated at late times to give rise to a well-defined macroscopic crack.",
        "positive": "Cluster variation method and disorder varieties of two-dimensional\n  Ising-like models: I show that the cluster variation method, long used as a powerful hierarchy\nof approximations for discrete (Ising-like) two-dimensional lattice models,\nyields exact results on the disorder varieties which appear when competitive\ninteractions are put into these models. I consider, as an example, the\nplaquette approximation of the cluster variation method for the square lattice\nIsing model with nearest-neighbor, next-nearest-neighbor and plaquette\ninteractions, and, after rederiving known results, report simple closed-form\nexpressions for the pair and plaquette correlation functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometric Heat Engines Featuring Power that Grows with Efficiency: Thermodynamics places a limit on the efficiency of heat engines, but not on\ntheir output power or on how the power and efficiency change with the engine's\ncycle time. In this manuscript, we develop a geometrical description of the\npower and efficiency as a function of the cycle time, applicable to an\nimportant class of heat engine models. This geometrical description is used to\ndesign engine protocols that attain both the maximal power and maximal\nefficiency at the fast driving limit. Furthermore, using this method we also\nprove that no protocol can exactly attain the Carnot efficiency at non-zero\npower.",
        "positive": "Stationarity of quantum statistical ensembles at first-order phase\n  transition points: We study the dynamics of quantum statistical ensembles at first-order phase\ntransition points of finite macroscopic systems. First, we show that at the\nfirst-order phase transition point of systems with an order parameter that does\nnot commute with the Hamiltonian, any quantum state with a non-zero value of\nthe order parameter always evolves towards a macroscopically distinct state\nafter a sufficiently long time. From this result, we argue that stationarity\nrequired for statistical ensembles should be interpreted as stationarity on a\nsufficiently long but finite time scale. Finally, we prove that the density\nmatrix of the squeezed ensemble, a class of generalized statistical ensembles\nproposed as the only concrete method of constructing phase coexistence states\napplicable to general quantum systems, is locally stationary on time scales\ndiverging in the thermodynamic limit. Our results support the validity of the\nsqueezed ensemble from a dynamical point of view and open the door to\nnon-equilibrium statistical physics at the first-order phase transition point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum percolation of monopole paths and the response of quantum spin\n  ice: We consider quantum spin ice in a temperature regime in which its response is\ndominated by the coherent motion of a dilute gas of monopoles. The hopping\namplitude of a monopole is sensitive to the configuration of its surrounding\nspins, taken to be quasi-static on the relevant timescales. This leads to\nwell-known blocked directions in the monopole motion; we find that these are\nsufficient to reduce the coherent propagation of monopoles to quantum\ndiffusion. This result is robust against disorder, as a direct consequence of\nthe ground-state degeneracy, which disrupts the quantum interference processes\nneeded for weak localization. Moreover, recent work [Tomasello et al., Phys.\nRev. Lett. 123, 067204 (2019)] has shown that the monopole hopping amplitudes\nare roughly bimodal: for $\\approx 1/3$ of the flippable spins surrounding a\nmonopole, these amplitudes are extremely small. We exploit this structure to\nconstruct a theory of quantum monopole motion in spin ice. In the limit where\nthe slow hopping terms are set to zero, the monopole wavefunctions appear to be\nfractal; we explain this observation via a mapping to quantum percolation on\ntrees. The fractal, non-ergodic nature of monopole wavefunctions manifests\nitself in the low-frequency behavior of monopole spectral functions, and is\nconsistent with experimental observations.",
        "positive": "Enhancing quantum annealing performance by a degenerate two-level system: Quantum annealing is an innovative idea and method for avoiding the increase\nof the calculation cost of the combinatorial optimization problem. Since the\ncombinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous, quantum annealing machine\nwith high efficiency and scalability will give an immeasurable impact on many\nfields. However, the conventional quantum annealing machine may not have a high\nsuccess probability for finding the solution because the energy gap closes\nexponentially as a function of the system size. To propose an idea for finding\nhigh success probability is one of the most important issues. Here we show that\na degenerate two-level system provides the higher success probability than the\nconventional spin-1/2 model in a weak longitudinal magnetic field region. The\nphysics behind this is that the quantum annealing in this model can be reduced\ninto that in the spin-1/2 model, where the effective longitudinal magnetic\nfield may open the energy gap, which suppresses the Landau--Zener tunneling\nproviding leakage of the ground state. We also present the success probability\nof the $\\Lambda$-type system, which may show the higher success probability\nthan the conventional spin-1/2 model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chain of kinetic equations for the distribution functions of particles\n  in simple liquid taking into account nonlinear hydrodynamic fluctuations: Chain of kinetic equations for non-equilibrium single, double and s-particle\ndistribution functions of particles is obtained taking into account nonlin- ear\nhydrodynamic fluctuations. Non-equilibrium distribution function of non-linear\nhydrodynamic fluctuations satisfies a generalized Fokker-Planck equation. The\nmethod of non-equilibrium statistical operator by Zubarev is applied. A way of\ncalculating of the structural distribution function of hydrodynamic collective\nvariables and their hydrodynamic velocities (above Gaussian approximation)\ncontained in the generalized Fokker-Planck equa- tion for the non-equilibrium\ndistribution function of hydrodynamic collective variables is proposed.",
        "positive": "Emergent Criticality from Co-evolution in Random Boolean Networks: The co-evolution of network topology and dynamics is studied in an\nevolutionary Boolean network model that is a simple model of gene regulatory\nnetwork. We find that a critical state emerges spontaneously resulting from\ninterplay between topology and dynamics during the evolution. The final evolved\nstate is shown to be independent of initial conditions. The network appears to\nbe driven to a random Boolean network with uniform in-degree of two in the\nlarge network limit. However, for biologically realized network sizes,\nsignificant finite-size effects are observed including a broad in-degree\ndistribution and an average in-degree connection between two and three. These\nresults may be important for explaining properties of gene regulatory networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Replica Theory and Spin Glasses: These are notes from the lectures of Giorgio Parisi given at the autumn\nschool \"Statistical Physics, Optimization, Inference, and Message-Passing\nAlgorithm\", that took place in Les Houches, France from Monday September 30th,\n2013, till Friday October 11th, 2013. The school was organized by Florent\nKrzakala from UPMC and ENS Paris, Federico Ricci-Tersenghi from \"La Sapienza\"\nRoma, Lenka Zdeborov\\'a from CEA Saclay and CNRS, and Riccardo Zecchina from\nPolitecnico Torino. The first lecture contains an introduction to the replica\nmethod, along with a concrete application to the computation of the eigenvalue\ndistribution of random matrices in the GOE. In the second lecture, the solution\nof the SK model is derived, along with the phenomenon of replica symmetry\nbreaking (RSB). In the third part, the physical meaning of the RSB is\nexplained. The ultrametricity of the space of pure states emerges as a\nconsequence of the hierarchical RSB scheme. Moreover, it is shown how some low\ntemperature properties of physical observables can be derived by invoking the\nstochastic stability principle. Lecture four contains some rigorous results on\nthe SK model: the existence of the thermodynamic limit, and the proof of the\nexactness of the hierarchical RSB solution.",
        "positive": "The effects of KSEA interaction on the ground-state properties of spin\n  chains in a transverse field: The effects of symmetric helical interaction which is called the Kaplan,\nShekhtman, Entin-Wohlman, and Aharony (KSEA) interaction on the ground-state\nproperties of three kinds of spin chains in a transverse field have been\nstudied by means of correlation functions and chiral order parameter. We find\nthat the anisotropic transition of $XY$ chain in a transverse field ($XY$TF)\ndisappears because of the KSEA interaction. For the other two chains, we find\nthat the regions of gapless chiral phases in the parameter space induced by the\nDM or $XZY-YZX$ type of three-site interaction are decreased gradually with\nincrease of the strength of KSEA interaction. When it is larger than the\ncoefficient of DM or $XZY-YZX$ type of three-site interaction, the gapless\nchiral phases also disappear."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low-density phases of $^3$He monolayers adsorbed on graphite: Quantum Monte Carlo simulations at zero temperature of a $^3$He monolayer\nadsorbed on graphite, either clean or preplated with $^4$He, unexpectedly point\nto a gas-liquid phase transition at a very low areal density of the order of\n0.01\\AA$^{-2}$. This result stems from an essentially unbiased calculation of\nthe ground state energy for an infinite, defect-free substrate which interacts\nwith He atoms via a realistic potential, whereas the interaction between two He\natoms includes two- and three-body terms. The sensitivity of the gas-liquid\ncoexistence region on the model Hamiltonian employed is discussed.",
        "positive": "Time-reversal Characteristics of Quantum Normal Diffusion: This paper concerns with the time-reversal characteristics of intrinsic\nnormal diffusion in quantum systems. Time-reversible properties are quantified\nby the time-reversal test; the system evolved in the forward direction for a\ncertain period is time-reversed for the same period after applying a small\nperturbation at the reversal time, and the separation between the time-reversed\nperturbed and unperturbed states is measured as a function of perturbation\nstrength, which characterizes sensitivity of the time reversed system to the\nperturbation and is called the time-reversal characteristic.\n  Time-reversal characteristics are investigated for various quantum systems,\nnamely, classically chaotic quantum systems and disordered systems including\nvarious stochastic diffusion systems. When the system is normally diffusive,\nthere exists a fundamental quantum unit of perturbation, and all the models\nexhibit a universal scaling behavior in the time-reversal dynamics as well as\nin the time-reversal characteristics, which leads us to a basic understanding\non the nature of quantum irreversibility."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interacting Growth Walk - a model for hyperquenched homopolymer glass?: We show that the compact self avoiding walk configurations, kinetically\ngenerated by the recently introduced Interacting Growth Walk (IGW) model, can\nbe considered as members of a canonical ensemble if they are assigned random\nvalues of energy. Such a mapping is necessary for studying the thermodynamic\nbehaviour of this system. We have presented the specific heat data for the IGW,\nobtained from extensive simulations on a square lattice; we observe a broad\nhump in the specific heat above the $\\theta$-point, contrary to expectation.",
        "positive": "Interacting Elastic Lattice Polymers: a Study of the Free-Energy of\n  Globular Rings: We introduce and implement a Monte Carlo scheme to study the equilibrium\nstatistics of polymers in the globular phase. It is based on a model of\n\"interacting elastic lattice polymers\" and allows a sufficiently good sampling\nof long and compact configurations, an essential prerequisite to study the\nscaling behaviour of free energies. By simulating interacting self-avoiding\nrings at several temperatures in the collapsed phase, we estimate both the bulk\nand the surface free energy. Moreover from the corresponding estimate of the\nentropic exponent $\\alpha-2$ we provide evidence that, unlike for swollen and\n$\\Theta$-point rings, the hyperscaling relation is not satisfied for globular\nrings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Incomplete information and fractal phase space: The incomplete statistics for complex systems is characterized by a so called\nincompleteness parameter $\\omega$ which equals unity when information is\ncompletely accessible to our treatment. This paper is devoted to the discussion\nof the incompleteness of accessible information and of the physical\nsignification of $\\omega$ on the basis of fractal phase space. $\\omega$ is\nshown to be proportional to the fractal dimension of the phase space and can be\nlinked to the phase volume expansion and information growth during the scale\nrefining process.",
        "positive": "Roughening of a growing surface on a crystal with correlated disorder:\n  influence of nonlinearity: We study the growth of a crystal in presence of a correlated disorder on the\nsubstrate. Using functional renormalization group, we show, for a long range\ndisorder correlation, an initial decay of the KPZ type nonlinearity, though\nover a large length scale the behavior can be governed by the nonlinearity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling in Tournaments: We study a stochastic process that mimics single-game elimination\ntournaments. In our model, the outcome of each match is stochastic: the weaker\nplayer wins with upset probability q<=1/2, and the stronger player wins with\nprobability 1-q. The loser is eliminated. Extremal statistics of the initial\ndistribution of player strengths governs the tournament outcome. For a uniform\ninitial distribution of strengths, the rank of the winner, x_*, decays\nalgebraically with the number of players, N, as x_* ~ N^(-beta). Different\ndecay exponents are found analytically for sequential dynamics, beta_seq=1-2q,\nand parallel dynamics, beta_par=1+[ln (1-q)]/[ln 2]. The distribution of player\nstrengths becomes self-similar in the long time limit with an algebraic tail.\nOur theory successfully describes statistics of the US college basketball\nnational championship tournament.",
        "positive": "Phase space representation of quantum dynamics: We discuss a phase space representation of quantum dynamics of systems with\nmany degrees of freedom. This representation is based on a perturbative\nexpansion in quantum fluctuations around one of the classical limits. We\nexplicitly analyze expansions around three such limits: (i) corpuscular or\nNewtonian limit in the coordinate-momentum representation, (ii) wave or\nGross-Pitaevskii limit for interacting bosons in the coherent state\nrepresentation, and (iii) Bloch limit for the spin systems. We discuss both the\nsemiclassical (truncated Wigner) approximation and further quantum corrections\nappearing in the form of either stochastic quantum jumps along the classical\ntrajectories or the nonlinear response to such jumps. We also discuss how\nquantum jumps naturally emerge in the analysis of non-equal time correlation\nfunctions. This representation of quantum dynamics is closely related to the\nphase space methods based on the Wigner-Weyl quantization and to the Keldysh\ntechnique. We show how such concepts as the Wigner function, Weyl symbol, Moyal\nproduct, Bopp operators, and others automatically emerge from the Feynmann's\npath integral representation of the evolution in the Heisenberg representation.\nWe illustrate the applicability of this expansion with various examples mostly\nin the context of cold atom systems including sine-Gordon model, one- and\ntwo-dimensional Bose Hubbard model, Dicke model and others."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiplicity of species in some replicative systems: In an attempt to explain the uniqueness of the coding mechanism of living\ncells as contrasted with multi-species structure of ecosystems we examine two\nmodels of individuals with some replicative properties. In the first model the\nsystem generically remains in a multi-species state. Even though for some of\nthese species the replicative probability is very high, they are unable to\ninvade the system. In the second model, in which the death rate depends on the\ntype of the species, the system relatively quickly reaches a single-species\nstate and fluctuations might at most bring it to yet another single-species\nstate.",
        "positive": "Landau Free Energy of small clusters beyond mean field approach: The Landau Free Energy determines the landscape of order parameter\nfluctuations that occur in a physical system at thermal equilibrium and, in\nparticular, characterizes the critical phenomena.\n  We propose a semi-analytical approach based on the Fluctuating Local Field\nmethod, which allows to estimate Landau Free Energy for small clusters with\ndiscrete (Ising model) and continuous (Heisenberg model) order parameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Glassy dynamics of kinetically constrained models: We review the use of kinetically constrained models (KCMs) for the study of\ndynamics in glassy systems. The characteristic feature of KCMs is that they\nhave trivial, often non-interacting, equilibrium behaviour but interesting slow\ndynamics due to restrictions on the allowed transitions between configurations.\nThe basic question which KCMs ask is therefore how much glassy physics can be\nunderstood without an underlying ``equilibrium glass transition''. After a\nbrief review of glassy phenomenology, we describe the main model classes, which\ninclude spin-facilitated (Ising) models, constrained lattice gases, models\ninspired by cellular structures such as soap froths, models obtained via\nmappings from interacting systems without constraints, and finally related\nmodels such as urn, oscillator, tiling and needle models. We then describe the\nbroad range of techniques that have been applied to KCMs, including exact\nsolutions, adiabatic approximations, projection and mode-coupling techniques,\ndiagrammatic approaches and mappings to quantum systems or effective models.\nFinally, we give a survey of the known results for the dynamics of KCMs both in\nand out of equilibrium, including topics such as relaxation time divergences\nand dynamical transitions, nonlinear relaxation, aging and effective\ntemperatures, cooperativity and dynamical heterogeneities, and finally\nnon-equilibrium stationary states generated by external driving. We conclude\nwith a discussion of open questions and possibilities for future work.",
        "positive": "Quantum limits to the second law and breach of symmetry: Connection between an intrinsic breach of symmetry of equilibrium motion and\nviolation of the second law is accentuated. An intrinsic breach only of\nclockwise - counter-clockwise symmetry of a circular equilibrium motion can be\nlogical under equilibrium conditions, whereas a breach of right-left symmetry\nshould be always an actual violation of the second law. The reader's attention\nis drawn to experimental evidence of an intrinsic breach of the clockwise -\ncounter-clockwise symmetry of a circular equilibrium motion, well known as the\npersistent current. The persistent current is observed in mesoscopic normal\nmetal, semiconductor and superconductor loops and the clockwise -\ncounter-clockwise symmetry is broken because of the discrete spectrum of the\npermitted states of quantum charged particles in a closed loop. The quantum\noscillations of the dc voltage observed on a segment of an asymmetric\nsuperconducting loop is experimental evidence of the intrinsic breach of the\nright-left symmetry and an actual violation of the second law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical virial relations and invalidity of the Boltzmann kinetic\n  equation: A sequence of exact relations is found which connect one- and many-particle\ntime-dependent distribution functions of low-density gas with their derivatives\nin respect to mean density. It is shown that, at least in the context of\nspatially non-uniform gas evolutions, these relations forbid the \"molecular\nchaos propagation\" and imply inapplicability of the Boltzmann kinetic equation\neven under the Boltzmann-Grad limit and regardless of degree of the\nnon-uniformity.",
        "positive": "Glassy behaviour in short range lattice models without quenched disorder: We investigate the quenching process in lattice systems with short range\ninteraction and several crystalline states as ground states. We consider in\nparticular the following systems on square lattice:\n  - hard particle (exclusion) model;\n  - q states planar Potts model.\n  The system is initially in a homogeneous disordered phase and relaxes toward\na new equilibrium state as soon as the temperature is rapidly lowered. The time\nevolution can be described numerically by a stochastic process such as the\nMetropolis algorithm. The number of pure, equivalent, ground states is q for\nthe Potts model and r for the hard particle model, and it is known that for r\nor q larger or equal to d+1, the final equilibrium state may be\npolycrystalline, i.e. not made of a uniform phase. We find that in addition n_g\nand q_g exist such that for r > r_g, or q > q_g the system evolves toward a\nglassy state, i.e. a state in which the ratio of the interaction energy among\nthe different crystalline phases to the total energy of the system never\nvanishes; moreover we find indications that r_g=q_g. We infer that q=q_g (and\nr=r_g) corresponds to the crossing from second order to discontinuous\ntransition in the phase diagram of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotics for the norm of Bethe eigenstates in the periodic totally\n  asymmetric exclusion process: The normalization of Bethe eigenstates for the totally asymmetric simple\nexclusion process on a ring of $L$ sites is studied, in the large $L$ limit\nwith finite density of particles, for all the eigenstates responsible for the\nrelaxation to the stationary state on the KPZ time scale $T\\sim L^{3/2}$. In\nthis regime, the normalization is found to be essentially equal to the\nexponential of the action of a scalar free field. The large $L$ asymptotics is\nobtained using the Euler-Maclaurin formula for summations on segments,\nrectangles and triangles, with various singularities at the borders of the\nsummation range.",
        "positive": "Some basic features of canonical ensemble in noncommutative spaces: We calculate the corrections due to noncommutativity of space on the\nHamiltonian and then partition function of the canonical ensemble. We study\nsome basic features of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics including\nequipartition and virial theorem and energy fluctuations: correspondence with\nmicrocanonical ensemble, in the framework of non-commutative canonical\nensemble. The corrections imposed by noncommutativity of space are derived and\nthe results are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Punctuated equilibrium in an evolving bacterial population: Recently, Lenski et al have carried out an experiment on bacterial evolution.\nTheir findings support the theory of punctuated equilibrium in biological\nevolution. We show that the M=2 Bak-Sneppen model can explain some of the\nexperimental results in a qualitative manner.",
        "positive": "Monte-Carlo simulation study of the two-stage percolation transition in\n  enhanced binary trees: We perform Monte-Carlo simulations to study the Bernoulli ($p$) bond\npercolation on the enhanced binary tree which belongs to the class of\nnonamenable graphs with one end. Our numerical results show that the system has\ntwo different percolation thresholds $p_{c1}$ and $p_{c2}$. All the points in\nthe intermediate phase $(p_{c1} < p < p_{c2})$ are critical and there exist\ninfinitely many infinite clusters in the intermediate phase. In this phase the\ncorresponding fractal exponent continuously increases with $p$ from zero to\nunity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generic mechanism for generating a liquid-liquid phase transition: Recent experimental results indicate that phosphorus, a single-component\nsystem, can have two liquid phases: a high-density liquid (HDL) and a\nlow-density liquid (LDL) phase. A first-order transition between two liquids of\ndifferent densities is consistent with experimental data for a variety of\nmaterials, including single-component systems such as water, silica and carbon.\nMolecular dynamics simulations of very specific models for supercooled water,\nliquid carbon and supercooled silica, predict a LDL-HDL critical point, but a\ncoherent and general interpretation of the LDL-HDL transition is lacking. Here\nwe show that the presence of a LDL and a HDL can be directly related to an\ninteraction potential with an attractive part and two characteristic\nshort-range repulsive distances. This kind of interaction is common to other\nsingle-component materials in the liquid state (in particular liquid metals),\nand such potentials are often used to decribe systems that exhibit a density\nanomaly. However, our results show that the LDL and HDL phases can occur in\nsystems with no density anomaly. Our results therefore present an experimental\nchallenge to uncover a liquid-liquid transition in systems like liquid metals,\nregardless of the presence of the density anomaly.",
        "positive": "Effect of weak disorder on the ground state of uniaxial dipolar spin\n  systems in the upper critical dimension: Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the stability of\nthe ferromagnetic ground state in three-dimensional systems of Ising dipoles\nwith added quenched disorder. These systems model the collective ferromagnetic\norder observed in various systems with dipolar long-range interactions. The\nuniaxial dipolar spins are arranged on a face-centred cubic lattice with\nperiodic boundary conditions. Finite-size scaling relations for the pure\ndipolar ferromagnetic system are derived by a renormalisation group\ncalculation. These functions include logarithmic corrections to the expected\nmean field behaviour since the system is in its upper critical dimension.\nScaled data confirm the validity of the finite-size scaling description and\nresults are compared with subsequent analysis of weakly disordered systems. A\ndisorder-temperature phase diagram displays the preservation of the\nferromagnetic ground state with the addition of small amounts of disorder,\nsuggesting the irrelevance of weak disorder in these systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Equilibrium Currents in Stochastic Field Theories: a Geometric\n  Insight: We introduce a new formalism to study nonequilibrium steady-state currents in\nstochastic field theories. We show that generalizing the exterior derivative to\nfunctional spaces allows identifying the subspaces in which the system\nundergoes local rotations. In turn, this allows predicting the counterparts in\nthe real, physical space of these abstract probability currents. The results\nare presented for the case of the Active Model B undergoing motility-induced\nphase separation, which is known to be out of equilibrium but whose\nsteady-state currents have not yet been observed, as well as for the KPZ\nequation. We locate and measure these currents and show that they manifest in\nreal space as propagating modes localized in regions with non-vanishing\ngradients of the fields.",
        "positive": "Extreme diffusion with point-sink killing field: We study here the escape time for the fastest diffusing particle from the\nboundary of an interval with point-sink killing sources. Killing represents a\ndegradation that leads to the probabilistic removal of the moving Brownian\nparticles. We compute asymptotically the mean time it takes for the fastest\nparticle escaping alive and obtain the extreme statistic distribution. These\ncomputations relies on an explicit expression for the time dependent flux of\nthe Fokker-Planck equation using the time dependent Green's function and\nDuhamel's formula. We obtain a general formula for several point-sink killing,\nshowing how they directly interact. The range of validity of the present\nformula for the mean extreme times of the fastest is evaluated with Brownian\nsimulations. Finally, we discuss some applications to the early calcium\nsignaling at neuronal synapses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Critical Exponents for the \u039b-Transition in Liquid Helium: The use of a new method for summing divergent series makes it possible to\nsignificantly increase the accuracy of determining the critical exponents from\nthe field theoretical renormalization group. The exponent value \\nu=0.6700\\pm\n0.0006 for the \\lambda-transition in liquid helium is in good agreement with\nthe experiment, but contradicts the last theoretical results based on using\nhigh-temperature series, the Monte Carlo method, and their synthesis.",
        "positive": "Microreversibility, fluctuations, and nonlinear transport in transistors: We present a stochastic approach for charge transport in transistors. In this\napproach, the electron and hole densities are governed by diffusion-reaction\nstochastic differential equations satisfying local detailed balance and the\nelectric field is determined with the Poisson equation. The approach is\nconsistent with the laws of electricity, thermodynamics, and\nmicroreversibility. In this way, the signal amplifying effect of transistors is\nverified under their working conditions. We also perform the full counting\nstatistics of the two electric currents coupled together in transistors and we\nshow that the fluctuation theorem holds for their joint probability\ndistribution. Similar results are obtained including the displacement currents.\nIn addition, the Onsager reciprocal relations and their generalizations to\nnonlinear transport properties deduced from the fluctuation theorem are\nnumerically shown to be satisfied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Kronig-Penney-Ising picture of the colossal magnetoresistance: From general arguments, it is shown that a magnetic Kronig-Penney model based\non the thermodynamics of an Ising model can be used for describing the Colossal\nMagnetoresistance (CMR) phenomenon. The model considers a tunneling-like\ntransmission process of hopping electrons through a dynamic lattice\ncharacterized by evolving magnetic clusters. In this model, correlations\nbetween the magnetic states are considered to be more relevant than the lattice\nstrain effects for obtaining the CMR features. Physical arguments lead to the\ntheoretical description of the intrinsic temperature and field dependences of\nthe CMR observed in typical manganite materials.",
        "positive": "Increased motility impedes clustering: We study interacting run and tumble particles in two dimensions, both on a\nlattice and in continuum, where particles move in the direction of their\ninternal orientation. These motile particles can tumble and change their\ninternal orientation with a fixed rate $\\omega;$ $\\omega^{-1}$ quantifies the\nmotility. Starting from interacting particle systems that exhibit phase\nseparation transitions in the absence of motility, we ask how the ordering in\nthe system changes when motility is added and increased. We observe that\nincreased motility impedes cluster formation in a large class of models\nincluding conserved lattice gas, driven lattice gas, and interacting hard-disc\nmodels in continuum, and explain why. We further show that a stable\nphase-separated state is ruled out in the absence of any attractive\ninteraction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Granular Brownian motion: We study the stochastic motion of an intruder in a dilute driven granular\ngas. All particles are coupled to a thermostat, representing the external\nenergy source, which is the sum of random forces and a viscous drag. The\ndynamics of the intruder, in the large mass limit, is well described by a\nlinear Langevin equation, combining the effects of the external bath and of the\n\"granular bath\". The drag and diffusion coefficients are calculated under few\nassumptions, whose validity is well verified in numerical simulations. We also\ndiscuss the non-equilibrium properties of the intruder dynamics, as well as the\ncorrections due to finite packing fraction or finite intruder mass.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of information exchange between two coupled quantum dots: We propose a setup based on two coupled quantum dots where thermodynamics of\na measurement can be quantitatively characterized. The information obtained in\nthe measurement can be utilized by performing feedback in a manner apparently\nbreaking the second law of thermodynamics. In this way the setup can be\noperated as a Maxwell's Demon where both the measurement and feedback are\nperformed separately by controlling an external parameter. This is analogous to\nthe case of the original Szilard engine. Since the setup contains both the\nmicroscopic demon and the engine itself, the operation of the whole\nmeasurement-feedback cycle can be explained in detail at the level of single\nrealizations. In addition, we derive integral fluctuation relations for both\nthe bare and coarse-grained entropy productions in the setup."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relevance of initial and final conditions for the Fluctuation Relation\n  in Markov processes: Numerical observations on a Markov chain and on the continuous Markov process\nperformed by a granular tracer show that the ``usual'' fluctuation relation for\na given observable is not verified for finite (but arbitrarily large) times.\nThis suggests that some terms which are usually expected to be negligible, i.e.\n``border terms'' dependent only on initial and final states, in fact cannot be\nneglected. Furthermore, the Markov chain and the granular tracer behave in a\nquite similar fashion.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of a metastable state nonlinearly coupled to a heat bath driven\n  by an external noise: Based on a system-reservoir model, where the system is nonlinearly coupled to\na heat bath and the heat bath is modulated by an external stationary Gaussian\nnoise, we derive the generalized Langevin equation with space dependent\nfriction and multiplicative noise and construct the corresponding Fokker-Planck\nequation, valid for short correlation time, with space dependent diffusion\ncoefficient to study the escape rate from a metastable state in the moderate to\nlarge damping regime. By considering the dynamics in a model cubic potential we\nanalyze the result numerically which are in good agreement with the theoretical\nprediction. It has been shown numerically that the enhancement of rate is\npossible by properly tuning the correlation time of the external noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Parity-time-symmetric quantum critical phenomena: Synthetic nonconservative systems with parity-time (PT) symmetric gain-loss\nstructures can exhibit unusual spontaneous symmetry breaking that accompanies\nspectral singularity. Recent studies on PT symmetry in optics and weakly\ninteracting open quantum systems have revealed intriguing physical properties,\nyet many-body correlations still play no role. Here by extending the idea of PT\nsymmetry to strongly correlated many-body systems, we report that a combination\nof spectral singularity and quantum criticality yields an exotic universality\nclass which has no counterpart in known critical phenomena. Moreover, we find\nunconventional low-dimensional quantum criticality, where superfluid\ncorrelation is anomalously enhanced owing to non-monotonic renormalization\ngroup flows in a PT-symmetry-broken quantum critical phase, in stark contrast\nto the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless paradigm. Our findings can be\nexperimentally tested in ultracold atoms and predict critical phenomena beyond\nthe Hermitian paradigm of quantum many-body physics.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics of classical and quantum computational complexity: The quest for quantum computers is motivated by their potential for solving\nproblems that defy existing, classical, computers. The theory of computational\ncomplexity, one of the crown jewels of computer science, provides a rigorous\nframework for classifying the hardness of problems according to the\ncomputational resources, most notably time, needed to solve them. Its extension\nto quantum computers allows the relative power of quantum computers to be\nanalyzed. This framework identifies families of problems which are likely hard\nfor classical computers (``NP-complete'') and those which are likely hard for\nquantum computers (``QMA-complete'') by indirect methods. That is, they\nidentify problems of comparable worst-case difficulty without directly\ndetermining the individual hardness of any given instance. Statistical\nmechanical methods can be used to complement this classification by directly\nextracting information about particular families of instances---typically those\nthat involve optimization---by studying random ensembles of them. These pose\nunusual and interesting (quantum) statistical mechanical questions and the\nresults shed light on the difficulty of problems for large classes of\nalgorithms as well as providing a window on the contrast between typical and\nworst case complexity. In these lecture notes we present an introduction to\nthis set of ideas with older work on classical satisfiability and recent work\non quantum satisfiability as primary examples. We also touch on the connection\nof computational hardness with the physical notion of glassiness."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Path Counting on Tree-like Graphs with a Single Entropic Trap: Critical\n  Behavior and Finite Size Effects: It is known that maximal entropy random walks and partition functions that\ncount long paths on graphs tend to become localized near nodes with a high\ndegree. Here, we revisit the simplest toy model of such a localization: a\nregular tree of degree $p$ with one special node (\"root\") that has a degree\ndifferent from all the others. We present an in-depth study of the\npath-counting problem precisely at the localization transition. We study paths\nthat start from the root in both infinite trees and finite, locally tree-like\nregular random graphs (RRGs). For the infinite tree, we prove that the\nprobability distribution function of the endpoints of the path is a step\nfunction. The position of the step moves away from the root at a constant\nvelocity $v=(p-2)/p$. We find the width and asymptotic shape of the\ndistribution in the vicinity of the shock. For a finite RRG, we show that a\ncritical slowdown takes place, and the trajectory length needed to reach the\nequilibrium distribution is on the order of $\\sqrt{N}$ instead of $\\log_{p-1}N$\naway from the transition. We calculate the exact values of the equilibrium\ndistribution and relaxation length, as well as the shapes of slowly relaxing\nmodes.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo simulations of ${\\rm Rb_2MnF_4}$, a classical Heisenberg\n  antiferromagnet in two-dimensions with dipolar interaction: We study the phase diagram of a quasi-two dimensional magnetic system ${\\rm\nRb_2MnF_4}$ with Monte Carlo simulations of a classical Heisenberg spin\nHamiltonian which includes the dipolar interactions between ${\\rm Mn}^{2+}$\nspins. Our simulations reveal an Ising-like antiferromagnetic phase at low\nmagnetic fields and an XY phase at high magnetic fields. The boundary between\nIsing and XY phases is analyzed with a recently proposed finite size scaling\ntechnique and found to be consistent with a bicritical point at T=0. We discuss\nthe computational techniques used to handle the weak dipolar interaction and\nthe difference between our phase diagram and the experimental results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymmetry relations and effective temperatures for biased Brownian\n  gyrators: We focus on a paradigmatic two-dimensional model of a nanoscale heat engine,\n- the so-called Brownian gyrator - whose stochastic dynamics is described by a\npair of coupled Langevin equations with different temperature noise terms. This\nmodel is known to produce a curl-carrying non-equilibrium steady-state with\npersistent angular rotations. We generalize the original model introducing\nconstant forces doing work on the gyrator, for which we derive exact asymmetry\nrelations, that are reminiscent of the standard fluctuation relations. Unlike\nthe latter, our relations concern instantaneous and not time averaged values of\nthe observables of interest. We investigate the full two-dimensional dynamics\nas well as the dynamics projected on the $x$- and $y$-axes, so that information\nabout the state of the system can be obtained from just a part of its degrees\nof freedom. Such a state is characterized by effective \"temperatures\" that can\nbe measured in nanoscale devices, but do not have a thermodynamic nature.\nRemarkably, the effective temperatures appearing in full dynamics are\ndistinctly different from the ones emerging in its projections, confirming that\nthey are not thermodynamic quantities, although they precisely characterize the\nstate of the system.",
        "positive": "Ice model and eight-vertex model on the two-dimensional Sierpinski\n  gasket: We present the numbers of ice model and eight-vertex model configurations\n(with Boltzmann factors equal to one), I(n) and E(n) respectively, on the\ntwo-dimensional Sierpinski gasket SG(n) at stage $n$. For the eight-vertex\nmodel, the number of configurations is $E(n)=2^{3(3^n+1)/2}$ and the entropy\nper site, defined as $\\lim_{v \\to \\infty} \\ln E(n)/v$ where $v$ is the number\nof vertices on SG(n), is exactly equal to $\\ln 2$. For the ice model, the upper\nand lower bounds for the entropy per site $\\lim_{v \\to \\infty} \\ln I(n)/v$ are\nderived in terms of the results at a certain stage. As the difference between\nthese bounds converges quickly to zero as the calculated stage increases, the\nnumerical value of the entropy can be evaluated with more than a hundred\nsignificant figures accurate. The corresponding result of ice model on the\ngeneralized two-dimensional Sierpinski gasket SG_b(n) with $b=3$ is also\nobtained. For the generalized vertex model on SG_3(n), the number of\nconfigurations is $2^{(8 \\times 6^n +7)/5}$ and the entropy per site is equal\nto $\\frac87 \\ln 2$. The general upper and lower bounds for the entropy per site\nfor arbitrary $b$ are conjectured."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Aggregation Driven by a Localized Source: We study aggregation driven by a localized source of monomers. The densities\nbecome stationary and have algebraic tails far away from the source. We show\nthat in a model with mass-independent reaction rates and diffusion\ncoefficients, the density of monomers decays as $r^{-\\beta(d)}$ in $d$\ndimensions. The decay exponent has irrational values in physically relevant\ndimensions: $\\beta(3)=(\\sqrt{17}+1)/2$ and $\\beta(2)=\\sqrt{8}$. We also study\nBrownian coagulation with a localized source and establish the behavior of the\ntotal cluster density and the total number of of clusters in the system. The\nlatter quantity exhibits a logarithmic growth with time.",
        "positive": "Driven Tracer in the Symmetric Exclusion Process: Linear Response and\n  Beyond: Tracer dynamics in the Symmetric Exclusion Process, where hardcore particles\ndiffuse on an infinite one-dimensional lattice, is a paradigmatic model of\nanomalous diffusion. While the equilibrium situation has received a lot of\nattention, the case where the tracer is driven by an external force, which\nprovides a minimal model of nonequilibrium transport in confined crowded\nenvironments, remains largely unexplored. Indeed, the only available analytical\nresults concern the means of both the position of the tracer and the lattice\noccupation numbers in its frame of reference, and higher-order moments but only\nin the high-density limit. Here, we provide a general hydrodynamic framework\nthat allows us to determine the first cumulants of the bath-tracer correlations\nand of the tracer's position in function of the driving force, up to quadratic\norder (beyond linear response). This result constitutes the first determination\nof the bias-dependence of the variance of a driven tracer in the SEP for an\narbitrary density. The framework presented here can be applied, beyond the SEP,\nto more general configurations of a driven tracer in interaction with obstacles\nin one dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Gaussian distributions under scrutiny: Comment of the very interesting paper by Hilhorst & Schehr, J. Stat. Mech.\nP06003 (2007). The main point is that one should be extremely careful when\ninterpreting non-Gaussian data in terms of q-Gaussians.",
        "positive": "Transition Temperature of the homogeneous, weakly interacting Bose gas: We present a Monte Carlo calculation for up to $N \\sim 20 000$ bosons in 3 D\nto determine the shift of the transition temperature due to small interactions\n$a$. We generate independent configurations of the ideal gas. At finite $N$,\nthe superfluid density changes by a certain correlation function in the limit\n$a \\to 0$; the $N \\to \\infty$ limit is taken afterwards. We argue that our\nresult is independent of the order of limits. Detailed knowledge of the\nnon-interacting system for finite $N$ allows us to avoid finite-size scaling\nassumptions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple non-equilibrium, statistical-physics toy model of thin-film\n  growth: We present a simple non-equilibrium model of mass condensation with\nLennard-Jones interactions between particles and the substrate. We show that\nwhen some number of particles is deposited onto the surface and the system is\nleft to equilibrate, particles condense into an island if the density of\nparticles becomes higher than some critical density. We illustrate this with\nnumerically obtained phase diagrams for three-dimensional systems. We also\nsolve a two-dimensional counterpart of this model analytically and show that\nnot only the phase diagram but also the shape of the cross-sections of\nthree-dimensional condensates qualitatively matches the two-dimensional\npredictions. Lastly, we show that when particles are being deposited with a\nconstant rate, the system has two phases: a single condensate for low\ndeposition rates, and multiple condensates for fast deposition. The behaviour\nof our model is thus similar to that of thin film growth processes, and in\nparticular to Stranski-Krastanov growth.",
        "positive": "The Fokker-Planck operator at a continuous phase transition: I consider a physical system described by a continuous field theory and\nenclosed in a large but finite cubical box with periodic boundary conditions.\nThe system is assumed to undergo a continuous phase transition at some critical\npoint. The \\phi^4 theory that is a continuous version of the Ising model is\nsuch a system but there are many other examples corresponding to higher spin,\nhigher symmetry etc. The eigenfunctions of the corresponding Fokker-Planck\noperator can be chosen, of course, to be eigenfunctions of the momentum\noperator. It is shown that the eigenvalues of the FP operator, corresponding to\neach eigenvalue q of the momentum operator, evaluated at a transition point of\nthe finite system, accumulate at zero, when the size of the system tends to\ninfinity. There are many reasonable ways of defining a critical temperature of\na finite system, that tends to the critical temperature of the infinite system\nas the size of the system tends to infinity. The accumulation of eigenvalues is\nneither affected by the specific choice of critical temperature of the finite\nsystem nor by whether the system is below or above its upper critical\ndimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rare events in generalized L\u00e9vy Walks and the Big Jump principle: The prediction and control of rare events is an important task in disciplines\nthat range from physics and biology, to economics and social science. The Big\nJump principle deals with a peculiar aspect of the mechanism that drives rare\nevents. According to the principle, in heavy-tailed processes a rare huge\nfluctuation is caused by a single event and not by the usual coherent\naccumulation of small deviations. We consider generalized L\\'evy walks, a class\nof stochastic processes with power law distributed step durations, which model\ncomplex microscopic dynamics in the single stretch. We derive the bulk of the\nprobability distribution and using the big jump principle, the exact form of\nthe tails that describes rare events. We show that the tails of the\ndistribution present non-universal and non-analytic behaviors, which depend\ncrucially on the dynamics of the single step. The big jump estimate also\nprovides a physical explanation of the processes driving the rare events,\nopening new possibilities for their correct prediction.",
        "positive": "Supersymmetric Analysis of a Simplified Two Dimensional Anderson Model\n  at Small Disorder: This work proposes a very simple random matrix model, the Flip Matrix Model,\nliable to approximate the behavior of a two dimensional electron in a weak\nrandom potential. Its construction is based on a phase space analysis, a\nsuitable discretization and a simplification of the true model. The density of\nstates of this model is investigated using the supersymmetric method and shown\nto be given, in the limit of large size of the matrix by the usual Wigner's\nsemi-circle law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Small-scale properties of a stochastic cubic-autocatalytic\n  reaction-diffusion model: We investigate the small-scale properties of a stochastic cubic-autocatalytic\nreaction-diffusion (CARD) model using renormalization techniques. We\nrenormalize noise-induced ultraviolet divergences and obtain beta functions for\nthe decay rate and coupling at one-loop. Assuming colored (power law) noise,\nour results show that the behavior of both decay rate and coupling with scale\ndepends crucially on the noise exponent. Interpreting the CARD model as a proxy\nfor a (very simple) living system, our results suggest that power law\ncorrelations in environmental fluctuations can both decrease or increase the\ngrowth of structures at smaller scales.",
        "positive": "Multipartite information flow for multiple Maxwell demons: The second law of thermodynamics dictates the fundamental limits to the\namount of energy and information that can be exchanged between physical\nsystems. In this work, we extend a thermodynamic formalism describing this flow\nof energy and information developed for a pair of bipartite systems to many\nmultipartite systems. We identify a natural thermodynamic quantity that\ndescribes the information exchanged among these systems. We then introduce and\ndiscuss a refined version. Our results are illustrated with a model of two,\ncompeting Maxwell demons."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Formulation of the partition functions and magnetization for\n  two-dimensional nearest neighbour Ising models for finite and infinite\n  lattice sites: Using a combinatorial method, the partition functions for two-dimensional\nnearest neighbour Ising models have been derived for a square lattice of 16\nsites in the presence of the magnetic field. A novel hierarchical method of\nenumeration of all the configurations for any arrangement of sites has been\nproposed. This enumeration has been executed by a systematic analysis of the\nappropriate diagrams without employing any algorithmic approach or\ncomputational tools. The resulting algebraic eqn in terms of the magnetic field\nand nearest neighbour interaction energies may then provide a methodology for\ndeducing the magnetization in the thermodynamic limit of infinite sites. A\nsemi-empirical eqn for magnetization is proposed for non-zero magnetic fields.",
        "positive": "SIS epidemics with household structure: the self-consistent field method: We consider a stochastic SIS infection model for a population partitioned\ninto $m$ households assuming random mixing. We solve the model in the limit $m\n\\to \\infty$ by using the self-consistent field method of statistical physics.\nWe derive a number of explicit results, and give numerical illustrations. We\nthen do numerical simulations of the model for finite $m$ and without random\nmixing. We find in many of these cases that the self-consistent field method is\na very good approximation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Odd-even effect of melting finite polymer film on square lattice: Two dimensional film system bears many exotic thermodynamics behaviors. We\nproposed a mathematical physics model to explore how the melting temperature of\na two dimensional mathematical dimer film depends on the odd-eveness of the\nfinite width of dimer film. A weak external bond between dimers is introduced\ninto the classical dimer model in this dimer film. We derived a general\nequation of melting temperature and applied it for computing the melting\ntemperature of a dimer film covering a finite square lattice. The melting\ntemperature is proportional to the external bonding energy that we assume it\nbinds neighboring dimers together and proportional to the inverse of entropy\nper site. Further more, it shows fusing two small rectangular dimer film with\nodd number of length into one big rectangular film gains more entropy than\nfusing two small rectangles with even number of length into the same big\nrectangle. Fusing two small toruses with even number of length into one big\ntorus reduces entropy. Fusing two small toruses with odd number of length\nincreases the entropy. Thus two dimer films with even number of length repel\neach other, two dimer films with odd length attract each other. The odd-even\neffect is also reflected on the correlation function of two topologically\ndistinguishable loops in a torus surface. The entropy of finite system\ndominates odd-even effect. This model has straightforward extension to longer\npolymers and three dimensional systems.",
        "positive": "Tagged particle diffusion in one-dimensional gas with Hamiltonian\n  dynamics: We consider a one-dimensional gas of hard point particles in a finite box\nthat are in thermal equilibrium and evolving under Hamiltonian dynamics. Tagged\nparticle correlation functions of the middle particle are studied. For the\nspecial case where all particles have the same mass, we obtain analytic results\nfor the velocity auto-correlation function in the short time diffusive regime\nand the long time approach to the saturation value when finite-size effects\nbecome relevant. In the case where the masses are unequal, numerical\nsimulations indicate sub-diffusive behaviour with mean square displacement of\nthe tagged particle growing as t/ln(t) with time t. Also various correlation\nfunctions, involving the velocity and position of the tagged particle, show\ndamped oscillations at long times that are absent for the equal mass case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusion of two molecular species in a crowded environment: theory and\n  experiments: Diffusion of a two component fluid is studied in the framework of\ndifferential equations, but where these equations are systematically derived\nfrom a well-defined microscopic model. The model has a finite carrying capacity\nimposed upon it at the mesoscopic level and this is shown to lead to non-linear\ncross diffusion terms that modify the conventional Fickean picture. After\nreviewing the derivation of the model, the experiments carried out to test the\nmodel are described. It is found that it can adequately explain the dynamics of\ntwo dense ink drops simultaneously evolving in a container filled with water.\nThe experiment shows that molecular crowding results in the formation of a\ndynamical barrier that prevents the mixing of the drops. This phenomenon is\nsuccessfully captured by the model. This suggests that the proposed model can\nbe justifiably viewed as a generalization of standard diffusion to a\nmultispecies setting, where crowding and steric interferences are taken into\naccount.",
        "positive": "Hysteresis and criticality in hybrid percolation transitions: Phase transitions (PTs) are generally classified into second-order and\nfirst-order transitions, each exhibiting different intrinsic properties. For\ninstance, a first-order transition exhibits latent heat and hysteresis when a\ncontrol parameter is increased and then decreased across a transition point,\nwhereas a second-order transition does not. Recently, hybrid percolation\ntransitions (HPTs) are issued in diverse complex systems, in which the features\nof first-order and second-order PTs occur at the same transition point. Thus,\nthe question whether hysteresis appears in an HPT arises. Herein, we\ninvestigate this fundamental question with a so-called restricted\nErd\\H{o}s--R\\'enyi random network model, in which a cluster fragmentation\nprocess is additionally proposed. The hysteresis curve of the order parameter\nwas obtained. Depending on when the reverse process is initiated, the shapes of\nhysteresis curves change, and the critical behavior of the HPT is conserved\nthroughout the forward and reverse processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variational approximations for stationary states of Ising-like models: We introduce a new variational approach to the stationary state of kinetic\nIsing-like models. The approach is based on the cluster expansion of the\nentropy term appearing in a functional which is minimized by the system\nhistory. We rederive a known mean-field theory and propose a new method, here\ncalled diamond approximation, which turns out to be more accurate and faster\nthan other methods of comparable computational complexity.",
        "positive": "From Microscopic to Macroscopic Traffic Models: The paper presents a systematic derivation of macroscopic equations for\nfreeway traffic flow from an Enskog-like kinetic approach. The resulting\nfluid-dynamic traffic equations for the spatial density, average velocity, and\nvelocity variance of vehicles are compared to equations, which can be obtained\nfrom a microscopic force model of individual vehicle motion. Simulation results\nof the models are confronted with empirical traffic data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Weighted scale-free network with self-organizing link weight dynamics: All crucial features of the recently observed real-world weighted networks\nare obtained in a model where the weight of a link is defined with a single\nnon-linear parameter $\\alpha$ as $w_{ij}=(s_is_j)^\\alpha$, $s_i$ and $s_j$ are\nthe strengths of two end nodes of the link and $\\alpha$ is a continuously\ntunable positive parameter. In addition the definition of strength as $s_i=\n\\Sigma_j w_{ij}$ results a self-organizing link weight dynamics leading to a\nself-consistent distribution of strengths and weights on the network. Using the\nBarab\\'asi-Albert growth dynamics all exponents of the weighted networks which\nare continuously tunable with $\\alpha$ are obtained. It is conjectured that the\nweight distribution should be similar in any scale-free network.",
        "positive": "Kinetic roughening with anysotropic growth rules: Inspired by the chemical etching processes, where experiments show that\ngrowth rates depending on the local environment might play a fundamental role\nin determining the properties of the etched surfaces, we study here a model for\nkinetic roughening which includes explicitly an anisotropic effect in the\ngrowth rules. Our model introduces a dependence of the growth rules on the\nlocal environment conditions, i.e. on the local curvature of the surface.\nVariables with different local curvatures of the surface, in fact, present\ndifferent quenched disorder and a parameter $p$ (which could represent\ndifferent experimental conditions) is introduced to account for different time\nscales for the different classes of variables. We show that the introduction of\nthis {\\em time scale separation} in the model leads to a cross-over effect on\nthe roughness properties. This effect could explain the scattering in the\nexperimental measurements available in the literature. The interplay between\nanisotropy and the cross-over effect and the dependence of critical properties\non parameter $p$ is investigated as well as the relationship with the known\nuniversality classes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nontrivial Polydispersity Exponents in Aggregation Models: We consider the scaling solutions of Smoluchowski's equation of irreversible\naggregation, for a non gelling collision kernel. The scaling mass distribution\nf(s) diverges as s^{-tau} when s->0. tau is non trivial and could, until now,\nonly be computed by numerical simulations. We develop here new general methods\nto obtain exact bounds and good approximations of $\\tau$. For the specific\nkernel KdD(x,y)=(x^{1/D}+y^{1/D})^d, describing a mean-field model of particles\nmoving in d dimensions and aggregating with conservation of ``mass'' s=R^D (R\nis the particle radius), perturbative and nonperturbative expansions are\nderived.\n  For a general kernel, we find exact inequalities for tau and develop a\nvariational approximation which is used to carry out the first systematic study\nof tau(d,D) for KdD. The agreement is excellent both with the expansions we\nderived and with existing numerical values. Finally, we discuss a possible\napplication to 2d decaying turbulence.",
        "positive": "Lower bound for entropy production rate in stochastic systems far from\n  equilibrium: We show that the Schnakenberg's entropy production rate in a master equation\nis lower bounded by a function of the weight of the Markov graph, here defined\nas the sum of the absolute values of probability currents over the edges. The\nresult is valid for time-dependent nonequilibrium entropy production rates.\nMoreover, in a general framework, we prove a theorem showing that the\nKullback-Leibler divergence between distributions $P(s)$ and $P'(s):=P(m(s))$,\nwhere $m$ is an involution, $m(m(s))=s$, is lower bounded by a function of the\ntotal variation of $P$ and $P'$, for any $m$. The bound is tight and it\nimproves on Pinsker's inequality for this setup. This result illustrates a\nconnection between nonequilibrium thermodynamics and graph theory with\ninteresting applications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unconventional quantum criticality in the kicked rotor: The quantum kicked rotor (QKR) driven by $d$ incommensurate frequencies\nrealizes the universality class of $d$-dimensional disordered metals. For\n$d>3$, the system exhibits an Anderson metal-insulator transition which has\nbeen observed within the framework of an atom optics realization. However, the\nabsence of genuine randomness in the QKR reflects in critical phenomena beyond\nthose of the Anderson universality class. Specifically, the system shows strong\nsensitivity to the algebraic properties of its effective Planck constant\n$\\tilde h \\equiv 4\\pi /q$. For integer $q$, the system may be in a globally\nintegrable state, in a `super-metallic' configuration characterized by\ndiverging response coefficients, Anderson localized, metallic, or exhibit\ntransitions between these phases. We present numerical data for different\n$q$-values and effective dimensionalities, with the focus being on parameter\nconfigurations which may be accessible to experimental investigations.",
        "positive": "Geometric study for the Legendre duality of generalized entropies and\n  its application to the porous medium equation: We geometrically study the Legendre duality relation that plays an important\nrole in statistical physics with the standard or generalized entropies. For\nthis purpose, we introduce dualistic structure defined by information geometry,\nand discuss concepts arising in generalized thermostatistics, such as relative\nentropies, escort distributions and modified expectations. Further, a possible\ngeneralization of these concepts in a certain direction is also considered.\nFinally, as an application of such a geometric viewpoint, we briefly\ndemonstrate several new results on a behavior of the solution to the nonlinear\ndiffusion equation called the {\\em porous medium equation}."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simulation of Spin Glass with a Variable-system-size Ensemble: In this paper, we introduce a dynamical Monte Carlo algorithm for spin models\nin which the number of the spins fluctuates from zero to a given number by\naddition and deletion of spins with a probabilistic rule. Such simulations are\nrealized with a variable-system-size ensemble, a mixture of canonical ensembles\neach of which corresponds to a system with different size. The weight of each\ncomponent of the mixture is controlled by a penalty term and systematically\ntuned in a preliminary run in a way similar to the multicanonical algorithm. In\na measurement run, the system grows and shrinks without violating the detailed\nbalance condition and we can obtain the correct canonical averages if physical\nquantities is measured only when its size is equal to the prescribed maximum\nsize. The mixing of Markov chain is facilitated by the fast relaxation at small\nsystem sizes. The algorithm is implemented for the SK model of spin glass and\nshows better performance than that of a conventional heat bath algorithm.",
        "positive": "Correlation functions in decorated lattice models: Occupation probabilities for primary-secondary-primary cell strings and\ncorrelation functions for primary sites of a decorated lattice model are\nexpressed through the well-studied partition function and correlation functions\nof the Ising model. The results are analogous to those found in related lattice\nmodels of hydrophobic interactions and are interpreted in similar terms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Isothermal Reversible Process of Particles in a Box with a Delta\n  Potential: For an understanding of a heat engine working in the microscopic scale, it is\noften necessary to estimate the amount of reversible work extracted by\nisothermal expansion of the quantum gas used as its working substance. We\nconsider an engine with a movable wall, modeled as an infinite square well with\na delta peak inside. By solving the resulting one-dimensional Schr\\\"odinger\nequation, we obtain the energy levels and the thermodynamic potentials. Our\nresult shows how quantum tunneling degrades the engine by decreasing the amount\nof reversible work during the isothermal expansion.",
        "positive": "A nonequilibrium equality for free energy differences: An expression is derived for the classical free energy difference between two\nconfigurations of a system, in terms of an ensemble of finite-time measurements\nof the work performed in parametrically switching from one configuration to the\nother. Two well-known equilibrium identities emerge as limiting cases of this\nresult."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Vortex confinement transitions in the modified Goldstone model: The modified XY model is a variation of the XY model extended by a half\nperiodic term, exhibiting a rich phase structure. As the Goldstone model, also\nknown as the linear O(2) model, can be obtained as a continuum and regular\nmodel for the XY model, we define the modified Goldstone model as that of the\nmodified XY model. We construct a vortex, a soliton (domain wall), and a\nmolecule of two half-quantized vortices connected by a soliton as regular\nsolutions of this model. Then we investigate its phase structure in two\nEuclidean dimensions via the functional renormalization group formalism and\nfull numerical simulations. We argue that the field dependence of the wave\nfunction renormalization factor plays a crucial role in the existence of the\nline of fixed points describing the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT)\ntransition, which can ultimately terminate not only at one but at two end\npoints in the modified model. This structure confirms that a two-step phase\ntransition of the BKT and Ising types can occur in the system. We compare our\nrenormalization group results with full numerical simulations, which also\nreveal that the phase transitions show a richer scenario than expected.",
        "positive": "Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process and Modified Random Matrix Ensembles: We study the fluctuation properties of the asymmetric simple exclusion\nprocess (ASEP) on an infinite one-dimensional lattice. When $N$ particles are\ninitially situated in the negative region with a uniform density $\\rho_-=1$,\nJohansson showed the equivalence of the current fluctuation of ASEP and the\nlargest eigenvalue distribution of random matrices. We extend Johansson's\nformula and derive modified ensembles of random matrices, corresponding to\ngeneral ASEP initial conditions. Taking the scaling limit, we find that a phase\nchange of the asymptotic current fluctuation occurs at a critical position."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact fluctuation and long-range correlations in a single-file model\n  under resetting: Resetting is a renewal mechanism in which a process is intermittently\nrepeated after a random or fixed time. This simple act of stop and repeat\nprofoundly influences the behaviour of a system as exemplified by the emergence\nof non-equilibrium properties and expedition of search processes. Herein, we\nexplore the ramifications of stochastic resetting in the context of a\nsingle-file system called random average process (RAP) in one dimension. In\nparticular, we focus on the dynamics of tracer particles and analytically\ncompute the variance, equal time correlation, autocorrelation and unequal time\ncorrelation between the positions of different tracer particles. Our study\nunveils that resetting gives rise to rather different behaviours depending on\nwhether the particles move symmetrically or asymmetrically. For the asymmetric\ncase, the system for instance exhibits a long-range correlation which is not\nseen in absence of the resetting. Similarly, in contrast to the reset-free RAP,\nthe variance shows distinct scalings for symmetric and asymmetric cases. While\nfor the symmetric case, it decays (towards its steady value) as $\\sim e^{-r t}\n/ \\sqrt{t}$, we find $\\sim t e^{-r t}$ decay for the asymmetric case ($r$ being\nthe resetting rate). Finally, we examine the autocorrelation and unequal time\ncorrelation in the steady state and demonstrate that they obey interesting\nscaling forms at late times. All our analytical results are substantiated by\nextensive numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Heat capacity in bits: Information theory this century has clarified the 19th century work of Gibbs,\nand has shown that natural units for temperature kT, defined via 1/T=dS/dE, are\nenergy per nat of information uncertainty. This means that (for any system) the\ntotal thermal energy E over kT is the log-log derivative of multiplicity with\nrespect to energy, and (for all b) the number of base-b units of information\nlost about the state of the system per b-fold increase in the amount of thermal\nenergy therein. For ``un-inverted'' (T>0) systems, E/kT is also a\ntemperature-averaged heat capacity, equaling ``degrees-freedom over two'' for\nthe quadratic case. In similar units the work-free differential heat capacity\nC_v/k is a ``local version'' of this log-log derivative, equal to bits of\nuncertainty gained per 2-fold increase in temperature. This makes C_v/k (unlike\nE/kT) independent of the energy zero, explaining in statistical terms its\nusefulness for detecting both phase changes and quadratic modes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A unified scaling for the optimal path length in disordered lattices: In recent decades, much attention has been focused on the topic of optimal\npaths in weighted networks due to its broad scientific interest and\ntechnological applications. In this work we revisit the problem of the optimal\npath between two points and focus on the role of the geometry (size and shape)\nof the embedding lattice, which has received very little attention. This role\nbecomes crucial, for example, in the strong disorder limit, where the mean\nlength of the optimal path for a fixed end-to-end distance diverges as the\nlattice size increases. We propose a unified scaling ansatz for the mean length\nof the optimal path in $D-$dimensional disordered lattices. The ansatz is\nsupported by a comprehensive numerical study of the problem on $2D$ lattices,\nyet we also present results in $D=3$. We show that it unifies well-known\nresults in the strong and weak disorder regimes, including the crossover\nbehavior, but it also reveals novel scaling scenarios not yet addressed.\nMoreover, it provides relevant insights into the origin of the universal\nexponents that characterize the scaling of the optimal path in the strong\ndisorder limit.",
        "positive": "Statistical mechanics of Monte Carlo sampling and the sign problem: Monte Carlo sampling of any system may be analyzed in terms of an associated\nglass model -- a variant of the Random Energy Model -- with, whenever there is\na sign problem, complex fields. This model has three types of phases (liquid,\nfrozen and `chaotic'), as is characteristic of glass models with complex\nparameters. Only the liquid one yields the correct answers for the original\nproblem, and the task is to design the simulation to stay inside it. The\nstatistical convergence of the sampling to the correct expectation values may\nbe studied in these terms, yielding a general lower bound for the computer time\nas a function of the free energy difference between the true system, and a\nreference one. In this way, importance-sampling strategies may be optimized."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First order phase transitions in polymerized phantom membranes: The crumpled-to-flat phase transition that occurs in D-dimensional\npolymerized phantom membranes embedded in a d-dimensional space is investigated\nnonperturbatively using a field expansion up to order eight in powers of the\norder parameter. We get the critical dimension dcr(D) that separates a second\norder region from a first order one everywhere between D=4 and D=2. Our\napproach strongly suggests that the phase transitions that take place in\nphysical membranes are of first order in agreement with most recent numerical\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Dynamical Quasi-Stationary States in a system with long-range forces: The Hamiltonian Mean Field model describes a system of N fully-coupled\nparticles showing a second-order phase transition as a function of the energy.\nThe dynamics of the model presents interesting features in a small energy\nregion below the critical point. In particular, when the particles are prepared\nin a ``water bag'' initial state, the relaxation to equilibrium is very slow.\nIn the transient time the system lives in a dynamical quasi-stationary state\nand exhibits anomalous (enhanced) diffusion and L\\'evy walks. In this paper we\nstudy temperature and velocity distribution of the quasi-stationary state and\nwe show that the lifetime of such a state increases with N. In particular when\nthe $N\\to \\infty$ limit is taken before the $t \\to \\infty$ limit, the results\nobtained are different from the expected canonical predictions. This scenario\nseems to confirm a recent conjecture proposed by C.Tsallis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic multiscaling in stochastically forced Burgers turbulence: We carry out a detailed study of dynamic multiscaling in the turbulent\nnonequilibrium, but statistically steady, state of the stochastically forced\none-dimensional Burgers equation. We introduce the concept of $\\textit{interval\ncollapse times}$ $\\tau_{\\rm col}$, the time taken for an interval of length\n$\\ell$, demarcated by a pair of Lagrangian tracers, to collapse at a shock. By\ncalculating the dynamic scaling exponent of the order-$p$ moment of $\\tau_{\\rm\ncol}$, we show that (a) there is $\\textit{not one but an infinity of\ncharacteristic time scales}$ and (b) the probability distribution function of\n$\\tau_{\\rm col}$ is non-Gaussian and has a power-law tail. Our study is based\non (a) a theoretical framework that allows us to obtain dynamic-multiscaling\nexponents analytically, (b) extensive direct numerical simulations, and (c) a\ncareful comparison of the results of (a) and (b). We discuss possible\ngeneralizations of our work to dimensions $d >1 $, for the stochastically\nforced Burgers equation, and to other compressible flows that exhibit\nturbulence with shocks.",
        "positive": "Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations for a large number of bosons in a\n  harmonic trap: In this paper, I present a precise Quantum Monte Carlo calculation at finite\ntemperature for a very large number (many thousands) of bosons in a harmonic\ntrap, which may be anisotropic. The calculation applies directly to the recent\nexperiments of Bose-Einstein condensation of atomic vapors in magnetic traps. I\nshow that the critical temperature of the system decreases with the\ninteraction. I also present profiles for the overall density and the one of\ncondensed particles, and obtain excellent agreement with solutions of the\nGross-Pitaevskii equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relaxation at finite temperature in Fully-Frustrated Ising Models: We consider by means of Monte Carlo simulations the relaxation in the\nparamagnetic phase of the anti-ferromagnetic Ising model on a triangular\nlattice and of a fully-frustrated Ising model on a square lattice. In\ncontradistinction to previous studies of the second model, we show that\nspin-spin correlation functions do not decay with a stretched-exponential law\nat low temperature but that both models display an exponential decay with\nlogarithmic corrections that are interpreted as the signature of topological\ndefects.",
        "positive": "Effect of Elastic Deformations on the Critical Behavior of Disordered\n  Systems with Long-Range Interactions: A field-theoretic approach is applied to describe behavior of\nthree-dimensional, weakly disordered, elastically isotropic, compressible\nsystems with long-range interactions at various values of a long-range\ninteraction parameter. Renormalization-group equations are analyzed in the\ntwo-loop approximation by using the Pade-Borel summation technique. The fixed\npoints corresponding to critical and tricritical behavior of the systems are\ndetermined. Elastic deformations are shown to changes in critical and\ntricritical behavior of disordered compressible systems with long-range\ninteractions. The critical exponents characterizing a system in the critical\nand tricritical regions are determined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous finite-size scaling in higher-order processes with absorbing\n  states: We study standard and higher-order birth-death processes on fully connected\nnetworks, within the perspective of large-deviation theory (also referred to as\nWentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) method in some contexts). We obtain a general\nexpression for the leading and next-to-leading terms of the stationary\nprobability distribution of the fraction of \"active\" sites, as a function of\nparameters and network size $N$. We reproduce several results from the\nliterature and, in particular, we derive all the moments of the stationary\ndistribution for the $q$-susceptible-infected-susceptible ($q-SIS$) model,\ni.e., a high-order epidemic model requiring of $q$ active (\"infected\") sites to\nactivate an additional one. We uncover a very rich scenario for the\nfluctuations of the fraction of active sites, with non-trivial\nfinite-size-scaling properties. In particular, we show that the\nvariance-to-mean ratio diverges at criticality for $[1 \\leq q\\leq 3]$, with a\nmaximal variability at $q=2$, confirming that complex-contagion processes can\nexhibit peculiar scaling features including wild variability and that the\nleading-order in a large-deviation approach does not suffice to describe them:\nnext-to-leading terms are essential to capture the intrinsic singularity at the\norigin of systems with absorbing states.",
        "positive": "Record dynamics of evolving metastable systems: theory and applications: Record Dynamics (RD) deals with complex systems evolving through a sequence\nof metastable stages. These are macroscopically distinguishable and appear\nstationary, except for the sudden and rapid changes, called quakes, which\ninduce the transitions from one stage to the next. This phenomenology is well\nknown in physics as \"physical aging\", but from the vantage point of RD the\nevolution of a class of systems of physical, biological and cultural origin is\nrooted in a hierarchically structured configuration space and can therefore be\nanalyzed by similar statistical tools. This colloquium paper strives to present\nin a coherent fashion methods and ideas that have gradually evolved over time.\nTo this end, it first describes the differences and similarities between RD and\ntwo widespread paradigms of complex dynamics, Self Organized Criticality and\nContinuous Time Random Walks. It then outlines the Poissonian nature of records\nevents in white noise time series, and connects it to the statistics of quakes\nin metastable hierarchical systems, arguing that the relaxation effects of\nquakes can generally be described by power laws unrelated to criticality.\nSeveral different applications of RD have been developed over the years. Some\nof these are described, showinghe basic RD hypothesis, the log time homogeneity\nof quake dynamics, can be empirically verified in a given context. The\ndiscussion summarizes the paper and briefly mentions applications not discussed\nin detail. Finally, the outlook points to possible improvements and to new\nareas of research where RG could be of use."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Splitting of the universality class of anomalous transport in crowded\n  media: We investigate the emergence of subdiffusive transport by obstruction in\ncontinuum models for molecular crowding. While the underlying percolation\ntransition for the accessible space displays universal behavior, the dynamic\nproperties depend in a subtle non-universal way on the transport through narrow\nchannels. At the same time, the different universality classes are robust with\nrespect to introducing correlations in the obstacle matrix as we demonstrate\nfor quenched hard-sphere liquids as underlying structures. Our results confirm\nthat the microscopic dynamics can dominate the relaxational behavior even at\nlong times, in striking contrast to glassy dynamics.",
        "positive": "Rare event sampling with stochastic growth algorithms: We discuss uniform sampling algorithms that are based on stochastic growth\nmethods, using sampling of extreme configurations of polymers in simple lattice\nmodels as a motivation. We shall show how a series of clever enhancements to a\nfifty-odd year old algorithm, the Rosenbluth method, led to a cutting-edge\nalgorithm capable of uniform sampling of equilibrium statistical mechanical\nsystems of polymers in situations where competing algorithms failed to perform\nwell. Examples range from collapsed homo-polymers near sticky surfaces to\nmodels of protein folding."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The disordered Dicke model: We introduce and study the disordered Dicke model in which the spin-boson\ncouplings are drawn from a random distribution with some finite width.\nRegarding the quantum phase transition we show that when the standard deviation\n$\\sigma$ of the coupling strength gradually increases, the critical value of\nthe mean coupling strength $\\mu$ gradually decreases and after a certain\n$\\sigma$ there is no quantum phase transition at all; the system always lies in\nthe super-radiant phase. We derive an approximate expression for the quantum\nphase transition in the presence of disorder in terms of $\\mu$ and $\\sigma$,\nwhich we numerically verify. Studying the thermal phase transition in the\ndisordered Dicke model, we obtain an analytical expression for the critical\ntemperature in terms of the mean and standard deviation of the coupling\nstrength. We observe that even when the mean of the coupling strength is zero,\nthere is a finite temperature transition if the standard deviation of the\ncoupling is sufficiently high. Disordered couplings in the Dicke model will\nexist in quantum dot superlattices, and we also sketch how they can be\nengineered and controlled with ultracold atoms or molecules in a cavity.",
        "positive": "Entanglement in Far From Equilibrium Stationary States: We present four estimators of the entanglement (or interdepency) of\nground-states in which the coefficients are all real nonnegative and therefore\ncan be interpreted as probabilities of configurations. Such ground-states of\nhermitian and non-hermitian Hamiltonians can be given, for example, by\nsuperpositions of valence bond states which can describe equilibrium but also\nstationary states of stochastic models. We consider in detail the last case.\nUsing analytical and numerical methods we compare the values of the estimators\nin the directed polymer and the raise and peel models which have massive,\nconformal invariant and non-conformal invariant massless phases. We show that\nlike in the case of the quantum problem, the estimators verify the area law and\ncan therefore be used to signal phase transitions in stationary states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic Irreversibility and the H Theorem: Time-reversal had always been assumed to be a symmetry of physics at the\nfundamental level. In this paper we will explore the violations of\ntime-reversal symmetry at the fundamental level and the consequences on\nthermodynamic systems. First, we will argue from from current physics that the\nuniverse dynamics is not time-reversal invariant. Second, we will argue that\nany thermodynamic system cannot be isolated from the rest of the universe. We\nthen discuss how these two make the dynamics of thermodynamics systems very\nweakly irreversible at the classical and quantum level. Since time-reversal is\nno longer a symmetry of realistic systems, the problem of how macroscopic\nirreversibility arises from microscopic reversibility becomes irrelevant\nbecomes there is no longer microscopic reversibility. At the classical level of\nthermodynamics system, we show that the H Theorem of Boltzmann is still valid\neven without microscopic reversibility. We do this by deriving a modified H\nTheorem, which still shows entropy monotonically increasing. At the quantum\nlevel, we show the the effect of CP violation, small irreversible changes on\nthe internal states of the nuclear and atomic energy levels of thermodynamic\nsystems. Thus, we remove Loschmidts's objection to Boltzmann's ideas.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation-induced Interactions in Micro- and Nano-systems: Survey of\n  Some Basic Results: On the examples of the quantum-electrodynamical Casimir force, as well as\ncritical Casimir and Helmholtz forces, we present a review of some results\navailable for the class of fluctuation induced forces. In addition, we also\nconcisely present examples of other such fluctuation-induced forces. On the\ninstance of the Ising model we discuss the connection between the Casimir and\nHelmholtz forces. We discuss the importance of the presented results for the\nnanotechnology, and especially for devising micro- or nano-systems, and for\ntheir assembly. Some important problems for the nanotechnology, following from\nthe currently available experimental findings, are spelled out and possible\nstrategies for their overcoming are outlined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions of quasistationary states in the Hamiltonian Mean\n  Field model: The out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model is\nstudied in presence of an externally imposed magnetic field h. Lynden-Bell's\ntheory of violent relaxation is revisited and shown to adequately capture the\nsystem dynamics, as revealed by direct Vlasov based numerical simulations in\nthe limit of vanishing field. This includes the existence of an\nout-of-equilibrium phase transition separating magnetized and non magnetized\nphases. We also monitor the fluctuations in time of the magnetization, which\nallows us to elaborate on the choice of the correct order parameter when\nchallenging the performance of Lynden-Bell's theory. The presence of the field\nh removes the phase transition, as it happens at equilibrium. Moreover, regions\nwith negative susceptibility are numerically found to occur, in agreement with\nthe predictions of the theory.",
        "positive": "Tensor Networks: Phase transition phenomena on hyperbolic and fractal\n  geometries: One of the challenging problems in the condensed matter physics is to\nunderstand the quantum many-body systems, especially, their physical mechanisms\nbehind. Since there are only a few complete analytical solutions of these\nsystems, several numerical simulation methods have been proposed in recent\nyears. Amongst all of them, the Tensor Network algorithms have become\nincreasingly popular in recent years, especially for their adaptability to\nsimulate strongly correlated systems. The current work focuses on the\ngeneralization of such Tensor-Network-based algorithms, which are sufficiently\nrobust to describe critical phenomena and phase transitions of multistate spin\nHamiltonians in the thermodynamic limit. We have chosen two algorithms: the\nCorner Transfer Matrix Renormalization Group and the Higher-Order Tensor\nRenormalization Group. This work, based on tensor-network analysis, opens doors\nfor the understanding of phase transition and entanglement of the interacting\nsystems on the non-Euclidean geometries. We focus on three main topics: A new\nthermodynamic model of social influence, free energy is analyzed to classify\nthe phase transitions on an infinite set of the negatively curved geometries\nwhere a relation between the free energy and the Gaussian radius of the\ncurvature is conjectured, a unique tensor-based algorithm is proposed to study\nthe phase transition on fractal structures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal switching strategies for navigation in stochastic settings: Inspired by the intermittent reorientation strategy seen in the behavior of\nthe dung beetle, we consider the problem of the navigation strategy of an\nactive Brownian particle moving in two dimensions. We assume that the heading\nof the particle can be reoriented to the preferred direction by paying a fixed\ncost as it tries to maximize its total displacement in a fixed direction. Using\noptimal control theory, we derive analytically and confirm numerically the\nstrategy that maximizes the particle speed, and show that the average time\nbetween reorientations scales inversely with the magnitude of the environmental\nnoise. We then extend our framework to describe execution errors and sensory\nacquisition noise. Our approach may be amenable to other navigation problems\ninvolving multiple sensory modalities that require switching between egocentric\nand geocentric strategies.",
        "positive": "Mound formation and coarsening from a nonlinear instability in surface\n  growth: We study a class of one-dimensional, nonequilibrium, conserved growth\nequations for both nonconserved and conserved noise statistics using numerical\nintegration. An atomistic version of these growth equations is also studied\nusing stochastic simulation. The models with nonconserved noise statistics are\nfound to exhibit mound formation and power-law coarsening with slope selection\nfor a range of values of the model parameters. Unlike previously proposed\nmodels of mound formation, the Ehrlich-Schwoebel step-edge barrier, usually\nmodeled as a linear instability in growth equations, is absent in our models.\nMound formation in our models occurs due to a nonlinear instability in which\nthe height (depth) of spontaneously generated pillars (grooves) increases\nrapidly if the initial height (depth) is sufficiently large. When this\ninstability is controlled by the introduction of an infinite number of\nhigher-order gradient nonlinearities, the system exhibits a first-order\ndynamical phase transition from a rough self-affine phase to a mounded one as\nthe value of the parameter that measures the effectiveness of control is\ndecreased. We define a new ``order parameter'' that may be used to distinguish\nbetween these two phases. In the mounded phase, the system exhibits power-law\ncoarsening of the mounds in which a selected slope is retained at all times.\nThe coarsening exponents for the continuum equation and the discrete model are\nfound to be different. An explanation of this difference is proposed and\nverified by simulations. In the growth equation with conserved noise, we find\nthe curious result that the kinetically rough and mounded phases are both\nlocally stable in a region of parameter space. In this region, the initial\nconfiguration of the system determines its steady-state behavior."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of Domain Morphology on Kinetics of Fluid Phase Separation: Kinetics of phase separation in a three dimensional single-component\nLennard-Jones fluid, that exhibits vapor-liquid transition, is studied via\nmolecular dynamics simulations after quenching homogeneous systems, of\ndifferent overall densities, inside the coexistence region. For densities close\nto the vapor branch of the coexistence curve, phase separation progresses via\nnucleation of liquid droplets and collisions among them. This is different from\nthe evaporation-condensation mechanism proposed by Lifshitz and Slyozov, even\nthough both lead to power-law growth of average domain size, as a function of\ntime, with an exponent $\\alpha=1/3$. Beyond a certain threshold value of the\noverall density, we observe elongated, percolating domain morphology which\nsuddenly enhances the value of $\\alpha$. These results are consistent with some\nexisting theoretical expectations.",
        "positive": "Effects of randomness on the antiferromagnetic spin-1 chain: We investigate the effect of weak randomness on the antiferromagnetic\nanisotropic spin-1 chain. We use Abelian bosonization to construct the\nlow-energy effective theory. A renormalization group calculation up to second\norder in the strength of the disorder is performed on this effective theory. We\nobserve in this framework the destruction of the antiferromagnetic ordered\nphase `a la Imry-Ma. We predict the effects of a random magnetic field along z\naxis, a random field in the XY plane as well as random exchange with and\nwithout XY symmetry. Instabilities of massless phases appear in general by\nmechanisms different from the case of the 2-leg spin ladder."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Patterns of Striped order in the Classical Lattice Coulomb Gas: We obtain via Monte Carlo simulations the low temperature charge\nconfigurations in the lattice Coulomb gas on square lattices for charge filling\nratio $f$ in the range $1/3 < f < 1/2 $. We find a simple regularity in the low\ntemperature charge configurations which consist of a suitable periodic\ncombination of a few basic striped patterns characterized by the existence of\npartially filled diagonal channels. In general there exist two separate\ntransitions where the lower temperature transition ($T_p$) corresponds to the\nfreezing of charges within the partially filled channels. $T_p$ is found to be\nsensitively dependent on $f$ through the charge number density $\\nu =\np_{1}/q_{1}$ within the channels.",
        "positive": "Nearly Maximally Predictive Features and Their Dimensions: Scientific explanation often requires inferring maximally predictive features\nfrom a given data set. Unfortunately, the collection of minimal maximally\npredictive features for most stochastic processes is uncountably infinite. In\nsuch cases, one compromises and instead seeks nearly maximally predictive\nfeatures. Here, we derive upper-bounds on the rates at which the number and the\ncoding cost of nearly maximally predictive features scales with desired\npredictive power. The rates are determined by the fractal dimensions of a\nprocess' mixed-state distribution. These results, in turn, show how widely-used\nfinite-order Markov models can fail as predictors and that mixed-state\npredictive features offer a substantial improvement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions of a tethered surface model with a deficit angle term: Nambu-Goto model is investigated by using the canonical Monte Carlo\nsimulations on fixed connectivity surfaces of spherical topology. Three\ndistinct phases are found: crumpled, tubular, and smooth. The crumpled and the\ntubular phases are smoothly connected, and the tubular and the smooth phases\nare connected by a discontinuous transition. The surface in the tubular phase\nforms an oblong and one-dimensional object similar to a one-dimensional linear\nsubspace in the Euclidean three-dimensional space R^3. This indicates that the\nrotational symmetry inherent in the model is spontaneously broken in the\ntubular phase, and it is restored in the smooth and the crumpled phases.",
        "positive": "Energy Storage in Steady States under Cyclic Local Energy Input: We study periodic steady states of a lattice system under external cyclic\nenergy supply using simulation. We consider different protocols for cyclic\nenergy supply and examine the energy storage. Under the same energy flux, we\nfound that the stored energy depends on the details of the supply, period and\namplitude of the supply. Further, we introduce an adiabatic wall as internal\nconstrain into the lattice and examine the stored energy with respect to\ndifferent positions of the internal constrain. We found that the stored energy\nfor constrained systems are larger than their unconstrained counterpart. We\nalso observe that the system stores more energy through large and rare energy\ndelivery, comparing to small and frequent delivery."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An excess chemical potential for binary hard-sphere mixtures from\n  integral equation theory: We solve the site-site Ornstein-Zernike equation using the Percus-Yevick\nclosure for binary hard-sphere mixture. We calculate an excess chemical\npotential for the mixture's diameter ratios of 0.3, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.9, and at\npacking fraction of 0.49 using the analytical expression. Our numerical results\nare in good agreement with those in the literature.",
        "positive": "From Bose condensation to quantum gravity and back: We account for the interaction of the Bose-condensed fraction with the normal\nphase in an effective dynamical equation such as the Gross-Pitaevskii equation.\nWe show that the low-energy excitations can be treated as sound waves with\nspeed dependent on the condensate density. This allows us to reduce the problem\nto the calculation of the determinant of the Laplace operator on a curved space\nand apply standard methods of quantum gravity to get the leading logarithmic\ncontribution of the determinant. This produces the first quantum correction due\nto the noncondensed fraction to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the\ncondensate. The correction describes an additional quantum pressure in the\ncondensate and evaporation-condensation effects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of a modified El Farol's bar problem: Efficiency and the\n  role of market impact: We discuss a model of heterogeneous, inductive rational agents inspired by\nthe El Farol Bar problem and the Minority Game. As in markets, agents interact\nthrough a collective aggregate variable -- which plays a role similar to price\n-- whose value is fixed by all of them. Agents follow a simple\nreinforcement-learning dynamics where the reinforcement, for each of their\navailable strategies, is related to the payoff delivered by that strategy. We\nderive the exact solution of the model in the ``thermodynamic'' limit of\ninfinitely many agents using tools of statistical physics of disordered\nsystems. Our results show that the impact of agents on the market price plays a\nkey role: even though price has a weak dependence on the behavior of each\nindividual agent, the collective behavior crucially depends on whether agents\naccount for such dependence or not. Remarkably, if the adaptive behavior of\nagents accounts even ``infinitesimally'' for this dependence they can, in a\nwhole range of parameters, reduce global fluctuations by a finite amount. Both\nglobal efficiency and individual utility improve with respect to a ``price\ntaker'' behavior if agents account for their market impact.",
        "positive": "Avalanche statistics of sand heaps: Large scale computer simulations are presented to investigate the avalanche\nstatistics of sand piles using molecular dynamics. We could show that different\nmethods of measurement lead to contradicting conclusions, presumably due to\navalanches not reaching the end of the experimental table."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A short-loop algorithm for quantum Monte Carlo simulations: We present an algorithmic framework for a variant of the quantum Monte Carlo\noperator-loop algorithm, where non-local cluster updates are constructed in a\nway that makes each individual loop smaller. The algorithm is designed to\nincrease simulation efficiency in cases where conventional loops become very\nlarge, do not close altogether, or otherwise behave poorly. We demonstrate and\ncharacterize some aspects of the short-loop on a square lattice spin-1/2 XXZ\nmodel where, remarkably, a significant increase in simulation efficiency is\nobserved in some parameter regimes. The simplicity of the model provides a\nprototype for the use of short-loops on more complicated quantum systems.",
        "positive": "Shear-rate dependent transport coefficients for inelastic Maxwell models: The Boltzmann equation for d-dimensional inelastic Maxwell models is\nconsidered to analyze transport properties in spatially inhomogeneous states\nclose to the simple shear flow. A normal solution is obtained via a\nChapman--Enskog--like expansion around a local shear flow distribution f^{(0)}\nthat retains all the hydrodynamic orders in the shear rate. The constitutive\nequations for the heat and momentum fluxes are obtained to first order in the\ndeviations of the hydrodynamic field gradients from their values in the\nreference state and the corresponding generalized transport coefficients are\n{\\em exactly} determined in terms of the coefficient of restitution \\alpha and\nthe shear rate a. Since f^{(0)} applies for arbitrary values of the shear rate\nand is not restricted to weak dissipation, the transport coefficients turn out\nto be nonlinear functions of both parameters a and \\alpha. A comparison with\nprevious results obtained for inelastic hard spheres from a kinetic model of\nthe Boltzmann equation is also carried out."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reconstruction on trees and spin glass transition: Consider an information source generating a symbol at the root of a tree\nnetwork whose links correspond to noisy communication channels, and\nbroadcasting it through the network. We study the problem of reconstructing the\ntransmitted symbol from the information received at the leaves. In the large\nsystem limit, reconstruction is possible when the channel noise is smaller than\na threshold.\n  We show that this threshold coincides with the dynamical (replica symmetry\nbreaking) glass transition for an associated statistical physics problem.\nMotivated by this correspondence, we derive a variational principle which\nimplies new rigorous bounds on the reconstruction threshold. Finally, we apply\na standard numerical procedure used in statistical physics, to predict the\nreconstruction thresholds in various channels. In particular, we prove a bound\non the reconstruction problem for the antiferromagnetic ``Potts'' channels,\nwhich implies, in the noiseless limit, new results on random proper colorings\nof infinite regular trees.\n  This relation to the reconstruction problem also offers interesting\nperspective for putting on a clean mathematical basis the theory of glasses on\nrandom graphs.",
        "positive": "Statistical-mechanics approach to a reinforcement learning model with\n  memory: We introduce a two-player model of reinforcement learning with memory. Past\nactions of an iterated game are stored in a memory and used to determine\nplayer's next action. To examine the behaviour of the model some approximate\nmethods are used and confronted against numerical simulations and exact master\nequation. When the length of memory of players increases to infinity the model\nundergoes an absorbing-state phase transition. Performance of examined\nstrategies is checked in the prisoner' dilemma game. It turns out that it is\nadvantageous to have a large memory in symmetric games, but it is better to\nhave a short memory in asymmetric ones."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Role of Solvent Fluctuations in Hydrophobic Assembly: We use a coarse grained solvent model to study the self assembly of two\nnano-scale hydrophobic particles in water. We show how solvent degrees of\nfreedom are involved in the process. By using tools of transition path\nsampling, we elucidate the reaction coordinates describing the assembly. In\naccord with earlier expectations, we find that fluctuations of the\nliquid-vapor-like interface surrounding the solutes are significant, in this\ncase leading to the formation of a vapor tunnel between the two solute\nparticles. This tunnel accelerates assembly. While considering this specific\nmodel system, the approach we use illustrates a methodology that is broadly\napplicable.",
        "positive": "Are supercooled liquids Fickian yet non Gaussian?: Comment on `Fickian Non-Gaussian Diffusion in Glass-Forming Liquids', by\nRusciano et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 168001 (2022). In a recent Letter,\nRusciano et al. examined the statistics of individual particles displacements\nin two-dimensional glass-formers and concluded that the corresponding\nprobability distribution is non-Gaussian in a time regime where the\nmean-squared displacement is Fickian. Here, we clarify that the multiple length\nscales and time scales reported in this work have either been characterized\nbefore, or are not well-defined. This leads us to dispute the conclusions that\nglass-formers display Fickian non-Gaussian behaviour and that this analogy\nfruitfully addresses the central questions regarding the nature of dynamic\nheterogeneity in these systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarsening process in one-dimensional surface growth models: Surface growth models may give rise to unstable growth with mound formation\nwhose tipical linear size L increases in time. In one dimensional systems\ncoarsening is generally driven by an attractive interaction between domain\nwalls or kinks. This picture applies to growth models for which the largest\nsurface slope remains constant in time (model B): coarsening is known to be\nlogarithmic in the absence of noise (L(t)=log t) and to follow a power law\n(L(t)=t^{1/3}) when noise is present. If surface slope increases indefinitely,\nthe deterministic equation looks like a modified Cahn-Hilliard equation: here\nwe study the late stage of coarsening through a linear stability analysis of\nthe stationary periodic configurations and through a direct numerical\nintegration. Analytical and numerical results agree with regard to the\nconclusion that steepening of mounds makes deterministic coarsening faster: if\nalpha is the exponent describing the steepening of the maximal slope M of\nmounds (M^alpha = L) we find that L(t)=t^n: n is equal to 1/4 for 1<alpha<2 and\nit decreases from 1/4 to 1/5 for alpha>2, according to n=alpha/(5*alpha -2). On\nthe other side, the numerical solution of the corresponding stochastic equation\nclearly shows that in the presence of shot noise steepening of mounds makes\ncoarsening slower than in model B: L(t)=t^{1/4}, irrespectively of alpha.\nFinally, the presence of a symmetry breaking term is shown not to modify the\ncoarsening law of model alpha=1, both in the absence and in the presence of\nnoise.",
        "positive": "Preservation of network Degree Distributions from non-uniform failures: There has been a considerable amount of interest in recent years on the\nrobustness of networks to failures. Many previous studies have concentrated on\nthe effects of node and edge removals on the connectivity structure of a static\nnetwork; the networks are considered to be static in the sense that no\ncompensatory measures are allowed for recovery of the original structure. Real\nworld networks such as the world wide web, however, are not static and\nexperience a considerable amount of turnover, where nodes and edges are both\nadded and deleted. Considering degree-based node removals, we examine the\npossibility of preserving networks from these types of disruptions. We recover\nthe original degree distribution by allowing the network to react to the attack\nby introducing new nodes and attaching their edges via specially tailored\nschemes. We focus particularly on the case of non-uniform failures, a subject\nthat has received little attention in the context of evolving networks. Using a\ncombination of analytical techniques and numerical simulations, we demonstrate\nhow to preserve the exact degree distribution of the studied networks from\nvarious forms of attack."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Voronoi Cell Patterns: theoretical model and applications: We use a simple fragmentation model to describe the statistical behavior of\nthe Voronoi cell patterns generated by a set of points in 1D and in 2D. In\nparticular, we are interested in the distribution of sizes of these Voronoi\ncells. Our model is completely defined by two probability distributions in 1D\nand again in 2D, the probability to add a new point inside an existing cell and\nthe probability that this new point is at a particular position relative to the\npreexisting point inside this cell. In 1D the first distribution depends on a\nsingle parameter while the second distribution is defined through a\nfragmentation kernel; in 2D both distributions depend on a single parameter.\nThe fragmentation kernel and the control parameters are closely related to the\nphysical properties of the specific system under study. We use our model to\ndescribe the Voronoi cell patterns of several systems. Specifically, we study\nthe island nucleation with irreversible attachment, the 1D car parking problem,\nthe formation of second-level administrative divisions, and the pattern formed\nby the Paris M\\'etro stations.",
        "positive": "Entanglement Spectra of the quantum hard-square model: Holographic\n  minimal models: We study the entanglement properties of a quantum lattice-gas model for which\nwe can find the exact ground state (of the Rokhsar-Kivelson type). The ground\nstate can be expressed as a superposition of states, each of which is\ncharacterized by a particle configuration with nearest-neighbor exclusion. We\nshow that the reduced density matrix of the model on a ladder is intimately\nrelated to the transfer matrix of the classical hard-square model. The\nentanglement spectra of the model on square and triangular ladders are critical\nwhen parameters are chosen so that the corresponding classical hard-square\nmodels are critical. A detailed analysis reveals that the critical theories for\nthe entanglement Hamiltonians are $c<1$ minimal conformal field theories. We\nfurther show that the entanglement Hamiltonian for the triangular ladder is\nintegrable despite the fact that the original quantum lattice-gas model is\nnon-integrable."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production in the majority-vote model: We analyzed the entropy production in the majority-vote model by using a\nmean-field approximation and Monte Carlo simulations. The dynamical rules of\nthe model do not obey detailed balance so that entropy is continuously being\nproduced. This nonequilibrium stochastic model is known to have a critical\nbehavior belonging to the universality class of the equilibrium Ising model. We\nshow that the entropy production also exhibits a singularity at the critical\npoint similar to the one occurring in the entropy, or the energy, of the\nequilibrium Ising model.",
        "positive": "Lindblad dynamics from spatio-temporal correlation functions in\n  nonintegrable spin-1/2 chains with different boundary conditions: We investigate the Lindblad equation in the context of boundary-driven\nmagnetization transport in spin-$1/2$ chains. Our central question is whether\nthe nonequilibrium steady state of the open system, including its buildup in\ntime, can be described on the basis of the dynamics in the closed system. To\nthis end, we rely on a previous work [Phys. Rev. B 108, L201119 (2023)], where\na description in terms of spatio-temporal correlation functions has been\nsuggested in the case of weak driving and small system-bath coupling. Because\nthis work has focused on integrable systems and periodic boundary conditions,\nwe here extend the analysis in three directions: We (i) consider nonintegrable\nsystems, (ii) take into account open boundary conditions and other\nbath-coupling geometries, and (iii) provide a comparison to time-evolving block\ndecimation. While we find that nonintegrability plays a minor role, the choice\nof the specific boundary conditions can be crucial, due to potentially\nnondecaying edge modes. Our large-scale numerical simulations suggest that a\ndescription based on closed-system correlation functions is an useful\nalternative to already existing state-of-the-art approaches."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective dissipation: breaking time-reversal symmetry in driven\n  microscopic energy transmission: At molecular scales, fluctuations play a significant role and prevent\nbiomolecular processes from always proceeding in a preferred direction, raising\nthe question of how limited amounts of free energy can be dissipated to obtain\ndirected progress. We examine the system and process characteristics that\nefficiently break time-reversal symmetry at fixed energy loss; in particular\nfor a simple model of a molecular machine, an intermediate energy barrier\nproduces unusually high asymmetry for a given dissipation. We relate the\nsymmetry-breaking factors found in this model to recent observations of\nbiomolecular machines.",
        "positive": "Eigenstate thermalization and disappearance of quantum many-body scar\n  states in interacting fermion systems: The recent discovery of quantum many-body scar states has revealed the\npossibility of having states with low entanglement that violate the eigenstate\nthermalization hypothesis in nonintegrable systems. Such states with low\nentanglement entropy are rare but naturally exist in the integrable system of\nfree fermions. Here, we demonstrate analytically that these atypical states\nwould be always eliminated when an arbitrary weak interaction is introduced\nbetween the fermions. In particular, we show that the probability of having a\nmany-body scar state with entanglement entropy satisfying a sub-volume scaling\nlaw decreases double exponentially as the system size. Thus, our results\nprovide a quantitative argument for the disappearance of scar states in\ninteracting fermion systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A statistical mechanical approach to restricted integer partition\n  functions: The main aim of this paper is twofold: (1) Suggesting a statistical\nmechanical approach to the calculation of the generating function of restricted\ninteger partition functions which count the number of partitions --- a way of\nwriting an integer as a sum of other integers under certain restrictions. In\nthis approach, the generating function of restricted integer partition\nfunctions is constructed from the canonical partition functions of various\nquantum gases. (2) Introducing a new type of restricted integer partition\nfunctions corresponding to general statistics which is a generalization of\nGentile statistics in statistical mechanics; many kinds of restricted integer\npartition functions are special cases of this restricted integer partition\nfunction. Moreover, with statistical mechanics as a bridge, we reveals a\nmathematical fact: the generating function of restricted integer partition\nfunction is just the symmetric function which is a class of functions being\ninvariant under the action of permutation groups. Using the approach, we\nprovide some expressions of restricted integer partition functions as examples.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of a monodisperse Lennard-Jones system on a sphere: We investigate by Molecular Dynamics simulation a system of $N$ particles\nmoving on the surface of a two-dimensional sphere and interacting by a\nLennard-Jones potential. We detail the way to account for the changes brought\nby a nonzero curvature, both at a methodological and at a physical level. When\ncompared to a two-dimensional Lennard-Jones liquid on the Euclidean plane,\nwhere a phase transition to an ordered hexagonal phase takes place, we find\nthat the presence of excess defects imposed by the topology of the sphere\nfrustrates the hexagonal order. We observe at high density a rapid increase of\nthe relaxation time when the temperature is decreased, whereas in the same\nrange of temperature the pair correlation function of the system evolves only\nmoderately."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "SWAP algorithm for lattice spin models: We adapted the SWAP molecular dynamics algorithm for use in lattice Ising\nspin models. We dressed the spins with a randomly distributed length and we\nalternated long-range spin exchanges with conventional single spin flip Monte\nCarlo updates, both accepted with a stochastic rule which respects detailed\nbalance. We show that this algorithm, when applied to the bidimensional\nEdwards-Anderson model, speeds up significantly the relaxation at low\ntemperatures and manages to find ground states with high efficiency and little\ncomputational cost. The exploration of spin models should help in understanding\nwhy SWAP accelerates the evolution of particle systems and shed light on\nrelations between dynamics and free-energy landscapes.",
        "positive": "Information-Entropic Signature of the Critical Point: We investigate the critical behavior of continuous phase transitions in the\ncontext of Ginzburg Landau models with a double well effective potential. In\nparticular, we show that the recently proposed configurational entropy, a\nmeasure of spatial complexity of the order parameter based on its Fourier mode\ndecomposition, can be used to identify the critical point. We compute the CE\nfor different temperatures and show that large spatial fluctuations near the\ncritical point lead to a sharp decrease in the CE. We further show that the CE\ndensity has a marked scaling behavior near criticality, with the same power law\nas Kolmogorov turbulence. We reproduce the behavior of the CE at criticality\nwith a percolating many bubble model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maximal entanglement of two spinor Bose-Einstein condensates: Starting with two weakly-coupled anti-ferromagnetic spinor condensates, we\nshow that by changing the sign of the coefficient of the spin interaction,\n$U_{2}$, via an optically-induced Feshbach resonance one can create an\nentangled state consisting of two anti-correlated ferromagnetic condensates.\nThis state is maximally entangled and a generalization of the Bell state from\ntwo anti-correlated spin-1/2 particles to two anti-correlated spin$-N/2$ atomic\nsamples, where $N$ is the total number of atoms.",
        "positive": "The classical granular temperature and slightly beyond: One goal of this paper is to discuss the classical definition of granular\ntemperature as an extension of its thermodynamic equivalent and a useful\nconcept which provides an important characterization of fluidized granular\nmatter. Following a review of some basic concepts and techniques (with emphasis\non fundamental issues) we present new results for a system that can exhibit\nstrong violations of equipartition, yet is amenable to description by classical\ngranular hydrodynamics, namely a binary granular gas mixture. A second goal of\nthis article is to present a result that pertains to dense granular and\nmolecular solids alike, namely the existence of a correction to the elastic\nenergy which is related to the heat flux in the equations of continuum\nmechanics. The latter is of the same (second) order in the strain as the\nelastic energy. Although recent definitions of temperatures for granular\nmatter, glasses and other disordered many-body systems are not within the scope\nof this article we do make several general comments on this subject in the\nclosing section."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum statistical information contained in a semi-classical\n  Fisher--Husimi measure: We study here the difference between quantum statistical treatments and\nsemi-classical ones, using as the main research tool a semi-classical,\nshift-invariant Fisher information measure built up with Husimi distributions.\nIts semi-classical character notwithstanding, this measure also contains\ninformation of a purely quantal nature.\n  Such a tool allows us to refine the celebrated Lieb bound for Wehrl entropies\nand to discover thermodynamic-like relations that involve the degree of\ndelocalization. Fisher-related thermal uncertainty relations are developed and\nthe degree of purity of canonical distributions, regarded as mixed states, is\nconnected to this Fisher measure as well.",
        "positive": "Phases of memristive circuits via an interacting disorder approach: We study the phase diagram of memristive circuit models in the\nreplica-symmetric case using a novel Lyapunov function for the dynamics of\nthese devices. Effectively, the model we propose is an Ising model with\ninteracting quenched disorder, which we study at the first order in a control\nparameter. Notwithstanding these limitations, we find a complex phase diagram\nand a glass-ferromagnetic transition in the parameter space which generalizes\nearlier mean-field theory results for a simpler model. Our results suggest a\nnon-trivial landscape of asymptotic states for memristive circuits."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A simple model for Carnot heat engines: We present a (random) mechanical model consisting of two lottery-like\nreservoirs at altitude $E_h$ and $E_l<E_h$, respectively, in the earth's\ngravitational field. Both reservoirs consist of $N$ possible ball locations.\nThe upper reservoir contains initially $n_h\\le N$ weight-1 balls and the lower\nreservoir contains initially $n_l\\le N$ weight-1 balls. Empty locations are\ntreated as weight-0 balls. These reservoirs are being shaken up so that all\npossible ball configurations are equally likely to occur. A cycle consists of\nexchanging a ball randomly picked from the higher reservoir and a ball randomly\npicked from the lower reservoir. It is straightforward to show that the\nefficiency, defined as the ratio of the average work produced to the average\nenergy lost by the higher reservoir is $\\eta=1-E_l/E_h$. We then relate this\nsystem to a heat engine. This thermal interpretation is applicable only when\nthe number of balls is large. We define the entropy as the logarithm of the\nnumber of ball configurations in a reservoir, namely $S(n)=\\ln[N!/n!(N-n)!]$,\nwith subscripts $h,l$ appended to $S$ and to $n$. When $n_l$ does not differ\nmuch from $n_h$, the system efficiency quoted above is found to coincide with\nthe maximum efficiency $\\eta=1-T_l/T_h$, where the $T$ are absolute\ntemperatures defined from the above expression of $S$. Fluctuations are\nevaluated in Appendix A, and the history of the Carnot discovery (1824) is\nrecalled in Appendix B. Only elementary physical and mathematical concepts are\nemployed.",
        "positive": "Approach of complexity in nature: Entropic nonuniqueness: Boltzmann introduced in the 1870's a logarithmic measure for the connection\nbetween the thermodynamical entropy and the probabilities of the microscopic\nconfigurations of the system. His entropic functional for classical systems was\nextended by Gibbs to the entire phase space of a many-body system, and by von\nNeumann in order to cover quantum systems as well. Finally, it was used by\nShannon within the theory of information. The simplest expression of this\nfunctional corresponds to a discrete set of $W$ microscopic possibilities, and\nis given by $S_{BG}= -k\\sum_{i=1}^W p_i \\ln p_i$ ($k$ is a positive universal\nconstant; {\\it BG} stands for {\\it Boltzmann-Gibbs}). This relation enables the\nconstruction of BG statistical mechanics. The BG theory has provided\nuncountable important applications. Its application in physical systems is\nlegitimate whenever the hypothesis of {\\it ergodicity} is satisfied. However,\n{\\it what can we do when ergodicity and similar simple hypotheses are\nviolated?}, which indeed happens in very many natural, artificial and social\ncomplex systems. It was advanced in 1988 the possibility of generalizing BG\nstatistical mechanics through a family of nonadditive entropies, namely\n$S_q=k\\frac{1-\\sum_{i=1}^W p_i^q}{q-1}$, which recovers the additive $S_{BG}$\nentropy in the $q \\to1$ limit. The index $q$ is to be determined from\nmechanical first principles. Along three decades, this idea intensively evolved\nworld-wide (see Bibliography in \\url{http://tsallis.cat.cbpf.br/biblio.htm}),\nand led to a plethora of predictions, verifications, and applications in\nphysical systems and elsewhere. As expected whenever a {\\it paradigm shift} is\nexplored, some controversy naturally emerged as well in the community. The\npresent status of the general picture is here described, starting from its\ndynamical and thermodynamical foundations, and ending with its most recent\nphysical applications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalised density profiles in single-file systems: Single-file diffusion refers to the motion in narrow channels of particles\nwhich cannot bypass each other. These strong correlations between particles\nlead to tracer subdiffusion, which has been observed in contexts as varied as\ntransport in porous media, zeolites or confined colloidal suspensions, and\ntheoretically studied in numerous works. Most approaches to this celebrated\nmany-body problem were restricted to the description of the tracer only, whose\nessential properties, such as large deviation functions or two-time correlation\nfunctions, were determined only recently. Here, we go beyond this standard\ndescription by introducing and determining analytically generalised density\nprofiles (GDPs) in the frame of the tracer. In addition to controlling the\nstatistical properties of the tracer, these quantities fully characterise the\ncorrelations between the tracer position and the bath particles density.\nConsidering the hydrodynamic limit of the problem, we unveil universal scaling\nproperties of the GDPs with space and time, and a non-monotonic dependence with\nthe distance to the tracer despite the absence of any asymmetry. Our analytical\napproach provides exact results for the GDPs of paradigmatic models of\nsingle-file diffusion, such as Brownian particles with hardcore repulsion, the\nSymmetric Exclusion Process and the Random Average Process. The range of\napplicability of our approach is further illustrated by considering extensions\nto general interactions between particles and out-of-equilibrium situations.",
        "positive": "Random Matrix Theory approach to Mesoscopic Fluctuations of Heat Current: We consider an ensemble of fully connected networks of N oscillators coupled\nharmonically with random springs and show, using Random Matrix Theory\nconsiderations, that both the average phonon heat current and its variance are\nscale-invariant and take universal values in the large N-limit. These anomalous\nmesoscopic uctuations is the hallmark of strong correlations between normal\nmodes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Liquid-liquid critical point in supercooled silicon: A novel liquid-liquid phase transition has been proposed and investigated in\na wide variety of pure substances recently, including water, silica and\nsilicon. From computer simulations using the Stillinger-Weber classical\nempirical potential, Sastry and Angell [1] demonstrated a first order\nliquid-liquid transition in supercooled silicon, subsequently supported by\nexperimental and simulation studies. Here, we report evidence for a\nliquid-liquid critical end point at negative pressures, from computer\nsimulations using the SW potential. Compressibilities exhibit a growing maximum\nupon lowering temperature below 1500 K and isotherms exhibit density\ndiscontinuities below 1120 K, at negative pressure. Below 1120 K, isotherms\nobtained from constant volume-temperature simulations exhibit non-monotonic,\nvan der Waals-like behavior signaling a first order transition. We identify Tc\n~ 1120 +/- 12 K, Pc -0.60 +/- 0.15 GPa as the critical temperature and pressure\nfor the liquid-liquid critical point. The structure of the liquid changes\ndramatically upon decreasing the temperature and pressure. Diffusivities vary\nover 4 orders of magnitude, and exhibit anomalous pressure dependence near the\ncritical point. A strong relationship between local geometry quantified by the\ncoordination number, and diffusivity, is seen, suggesting that atomic mobility\nin both low and high density liquids can usefully be analyzed in terms of\ndefects in the tetrahedral network structure. We have constructed the phase\ndiagram of supercooled silicon. We identify the lines of compressibility,\ndensity extrema (maxima and minima) and the spinodal which reveal the\ninterconnection between thermodynamic anomalies and the phase behaviour of the\nsystem as suggested in previous works [2-9]",
        "positive": "Evolution toward linguistic coherence in naming game with migrating\n  agents: As an integral part of our culture and way of life, language is intricately\nrelated to migrations of people. To understand whether and how migration shapes\nlanguage formation processes we examine the dynamics of the naming game with\nmigrating agents. (i) When all agents may migrate, the dynamics generates an\neffective surface tension, which drives the coarsening. Such a behaviour is\nvery robust and appears for a wide range of densities of agents and their\nmigration rates. (ii) However, when only multilingual agents are allowed to\nmigrate, monolingual islands are typically formed. In such a case, when the\nmigration rate is sufficiently large, the majority of agents acquire a common\nlanguage, which spontaneously emerges with no indication of the surface-tension\ndriven coarsening. A relatively slow coarsening that takes place in a dense\nstatic population is very fragile, and most likely, an arbitrarily small\nmigration rate can divert the system toward quick formation of monolingual\nislands. Our work shows that migration influences language formation processes\nbut additional details like density, or mobility of agents are needed to\nspecify more precisely this influence."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Geometry and Entropy of Non-Hamiltonian Phase Space: We analyze the equilibrium statistical mechanics of canonical, non-canonical\nand non-Hamiltonian equations of motion by throwing light into the peculiar\ngeometric structure of phase space. Some fundamental issues regarding time\ntranslation and phase space measure are clarified. In particular, we emphasize\nthat a phase space measure should be defined by means of the Jacobian of the\ntransformation between different types of coordinates since such a determinant\nis different from zero in the non-canonical case even if the phase space\ncompressibility is null. Instead, the Jacobian determinant associated with\nphase space flows is unity whenever non-canonical coordinates lead to a\nvanishing compressibility, so that its use in order to define a measure may not\nbe always correct. To better illustrate this point, we derive a mathematical\ncondition for defining non-Hamiltonian phase space flows with zero\ncompressibility. The Jacobian determinant associated with time evolution in\nphase space is altogether useful for analyzing time translation invariance. The\nproper definition of a phase space measure is particularly important when\ndefining the entropy functional in the canonical, non-canonical, and\nnon-Hamiltonian cases. We show how the use of relative entropies can circumvent\nsome subtle problems that are encountered when dealing with continuous\nprobability distributions and phase space measures. Finally, a maximum\n(relative) entropy principle is formulated for non-canonical and\nnon-Hamiltonian phase space flows.",
        "positive": "Comments on \"Critical Study on the Absorbing Phase Transition in a\n  Four-State Predator-Prey Model in One Dimension\": In a recent article [arXiv:1108.5127] Park has shown that the four-state\npredator-prey model studied earlier in [J. Stat. Mech, L05001 (2011)] belongs\nto Directed Percolation (DP) universality class. It was claimed that predator\ndensity is not a reasonable order parameter, as there are many absorbing\nstates; a suitably chosen order parameter shows DP critical behavior. In this\narticle, we argue that the configuration that does not have any predator is the\nonly dynamically accessible absorbing configuration, and the predator density\ntoo settles to DP critical exponents after a long transient."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of Diffusion Controlled Growth: We present a new theoretical framework for Diffusion Limited Aggregation and\nassociated Dielectric Breakdown Models in two dimensions. Key steps are\nunderstanding how these models interrelate when the ultra-violet cut-off\nstrategy is changed, the analogy with turbulence and the use of logarithmic\nfield variables. Within the simplest, Gaussian, truncation of mode-mode\ncoupling, all properties can be calculated. The agreement with prior knowledge\nfrom simulations is encouraging, and a new superuniversality of the tip scaling\nexponent is both predicted and confirmed.",
        "positive": "Investigation of thermodynamic properties of pseudospin-electron model\n  in the gaussian fluctuation approximation: A method of consideration of gaussian fluctuations of the effective mean\nfield within the framework of the GRPA scheme is applied to investigation of\nthermodynamical properties of a pseudospin-electron model (PEM).\n  The grand canonical potential, pseudospin mean value, as well as the mean\nsquares of fluctuations are calculated.\n  Obtained results are compared with corresponding ones obtained by other\napproximations.\n  An influence of the gaussian fluctuations of mean field on the thermodynamic\nproperties of PEM is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Persistent many-body quantum echoes: We consider quantum many-body systems evolving under a time-independent\nHamiltonian $H$ from a nonequilibrium initial state at time $t=0$ towards a\nclose-to-equilibrium state at time $t=\\tau$. Subsequently, this state is\nslightly perturbed and finally propagated for another time period $\\tau$ under\nthe inverted Hamiltonian $-H$. The entire procedure may also be viewed as an\nimperfect time inversion or \"echo dynamics\". We unravel a remarkable\npersistence of such dynamics with respect to the observable deviations of the\ntime-dependent expectation values from the equilibrium expectation value: For\nmost perturbations, the deviations in the final state are essentially\nindependent of the inversion time point $\\tau$. Our quantitative analytical\npredictions compare very well with exact numerical results.",
        "positive": "Effective Hamiltonian of topologically stabilized polymer states: Topologically stabilized polymer conformations observed in melts of\nnonconcatenated polymer rings and crumpled globules, are considered to be a\ngood candidate for the description of the spatial structure of mitotic\nchromosomes. Despite significant efforts, the microscopic Hamiltonian capable\nof describing such systems, remains yet inaccessible. In this paper we consider\na Gaussian network - a system with a simple Hamiltonian quadratic in all\ncoordinates - and show that by tuning interactions, one can obtain fractal\nequilibrium conformations with any fractal dimension between 2 (ideal polymer\nchain) and 3 (crumpled globule). Monomer-to-monomer distances in topologically\nstabilized states, according to our analysis of available numerical data, fit\nvery well the Gaussian distribution, giving an additional argument in support\nof the quadratic Hamiltonian model. Mathematically, the resulting polymer\nconformations can be mapped onto the trajectories of a subdiffusive fractal\nBrownian particle. As a by-product of our study, two novel continual integral\nrepresentations of the fractal Brownian motion are proposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information dynamics: Temporal behavior of uncertainty measures: We carry out a systematic study of uncertainty measures that are generic to\ndynamical processes of varied origins, provided they induce suitable continuous\nprobability distributions. The major technical tool are the information theory\nmethods and inequalities satisfied by Fisher and Shannon information measures.\nWe focus on a compatibility of these inequalities with the prescribed\n(deterministic, random or quantum) temporal behavior of pertinent probability\ndensities.",
        "positive": "Differential Landauer's principle: Landauer's principle states that the erasure of information must be a\ndissipative process. In this paper, we carefully analyze the recording and\nerasure of information on a physical memory. On the one hand, we show that in\norder to record some information, the memory has to be driven out of\nequilibrium. On the other hand, we derive a differential version of Landauer's\nprinciple: We link the rate at which entropy is produced at every time of the\nerasure process to the rate at which information is erased."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation Theorem with Information Exchange: Role of Correlations in\n  Stochastic Thermodynamics: We establish the fluctuation theorem in the presence of information exchange\nbetween a nonequilibrium system and other degrees of freedom such as an\nobserver and a feedback controller, where the amount of information exchange is\nadded to the entropy production. The resulting generalized second law sets the\nfundamental limit of energy dissipation and energy cost during the information\nexchange. Our results apply not only to feedback-controlled processes but also\nto a much broader class of information exchanges, and provides a unified\nframework of nonequilibrium thermodynamics of measurement and feedback control.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic control -- an old paradigm with new applications: Tremendous research efforts have been invested in exploring and designing\nso-called shortcuts to adiabaticity. These are finite-time processes that\nproduce the same final states that would result from infinitely slow driving.\nMost of these techniques rely on auxiliary fields and quantum control\ntechniques, which makes them rather costly to implement. In this Perspective we\noutline an alternative paradigm for optimal control that has proven powerful in\na wide variety of situations ranging from heat engines over chemical reactions\nto quantum dynamics -- thermodynamic control. Focusing on only a few, selected\nmilestones we seek to provide a pedagogical entry point into this powerful and\nversatile framework."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarse-graining a restricted solid-on-solid model: A procedure suggested by Vvedensky for obtaining continuum equations as the\ncoarse-grained limit of discrete models is applied to the restricted\nsolid-on-solid model with both adsorption and desorption. Using an expansion of\nthe master equation, discrete Langevin equations are derived; these agree\nquantitatively with direct simulation of the model. From these, a continuum\ndifferential equation is derived, and the model is found to exhibit either\nEdwards-Wilkinson or Kardar-Parisi-Zhang exponents, as expected from symmetry\narguments. The coefficients of the resulting continuum equation remain\nwell-defined in the coarse-grained limit.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamics of binary fluid phase segregation: Starting with the Vlasov-Boltzmann equation for a binary fluid mixture, we\nderive an equation for the velocity field $\\bm{u}$ when the system is\nsegregated into two phases (at low temperatures) with a sharp interface between\nthem. $\\bm{u}$ satisfies the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations together\nwith a jump boundary condition for the pressure across the interface which, in\nturn, moves with a velocity given by the normal component of $\\bm{u} $.\n  Numerical simulations of the Vlasov-Boltzmann equations for shear flows\nparallel and perpendicular to the interface in a phase segregated mixture\nsupport this analysis. We expect similar behavior in real fluid mixtures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Extended Thermodynamic Relation and Fluctuation Theorem in Stochastic\n  Dynamics with Time Reversed Process: We consider a stochastic model described by two stochastic differential\nequations of motion; one is for the stochastic evolution forward in time and\nthe other for backward in time. We further introduce averaged quantities for\nthe two processes and construct the extended thermodynamic relation following\nthe strategy of Sekimoto. By using this relation, we derive the fluctuation\ntheorems such as the Seifert relation, the Jarzynski relation and the\nKomatsu-Nakagawa non-equilibrium steady state with respect to the introduced\naveraged quantities.",
        "positive": "Canonical Typicality: It is well known that a system, S, weakly coupled to a heat bath, B, is\ndescribed by the canonical ensemble when the composite, S+B, is described by\nthe microcanonical ensemble corresponding to a suitable energy shell. This is\ntrue both for classical distributions on the phase space and for quantum\ndensity matrices. Here we show that a much stronger statement holds for quantum\nsystems. Even if the state of the composite corresponds to a single wave\nfunction rather than a mixture, the reduced density matrix of the system is\ncanonical, for the overwhelming majority of wave functions in the subspace\ncorresponding to the energy interval encompassed by the microcanonical\nensemble. This clarifies, expands and justifies remarks made by Schr\\\"odinger\nin 1952."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An equation of state for active matter: We characterise the steady states of a suspension of two-dimensional active\nbrownian particles (ABPs). We calculate the steady-state probability\ndistribution to lowest order in Peclet number. We show that macroscopic\nquantities can be calculated in analogous way to equilibrium systems using this\nprobability distribution. We then derive expressions for the macroscopic\npressure and position-orientation correlation functions. We check our results\nby direct comparison with extensive numerical simulations. A key finding is the\nimportance of many-body effective interactions even at very low densities.",
        "positive": "Position distribution in a generalised run and tumble process: We study a class of stochastic processes of the type $\\frac{d^n x}{dt^n}=\nv_0\\, \\sigma(t)$ where $n>0$ is a positive integer and $\\sigma(t)=\\pm 1$\nrepresents an `active' telegraphic noise that flips from one state to the other\nwith a constant rate $\\gamma$. For $n=1$, it reduces to the standard run and\ntumble process for active particles in one dimension. This process can be\nanalytically continued to any $n>0$ including non-integer values. We compute\nexactly the mean squared displacement at time $t$ for all $n>0$ and show that\nat late times while it grows as $\\sim t^{2n-1}$ for $n>1/2$, it approaches a\nconstant for $n<1/2$. In the marginal case $n=1/2$, it grows very slowly with\ntime as $\\sim \\ln t$. Thus the process undergoes a {\\em localisation}\ntransition at $n=1/2$. We also show that the position distribution $p_n(x,t)$\nremains time-dependent even at late times for $n\\ge 1/2$, but approaches a\nstationary time-independent form for $n<1/2$. The tails of the position\ndistribution at late times exhibit a large deviation form, $p_n(x,t)\\sim\n\\exp\\left[-\\gamma\\, t\\, \\Phi_n\\left(\\frac{x}{x^*(t)}\\right)\\right]$, where\n$x^*(t)= v_0\\, t^n/\\Gamma(n+1)$. We compute the rate function $\\Phi_n(z)$\nanalytically for all $n>0$ and also numerically using importance sampling\nmethods, finding excellent agreement between them. For three special values\n$n=1$, $n=2$ and $n=1/2$ we compute the exact cumulant generating function of\nthe position distribution at all times $t$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Squeezing stationary distributions of stochastic chemical reaction\n  systems: Stochastic modeling of chemical reaction systems based on master equations\nhas been an indispensable tool in physical sciences. In the long-time limit,\nthe properties of these systems are characterized by stationary distributions\nof chemical master equations. In this paper, we describe a novel method for\ncomputing stationary distributions analytically, based on a parallel formalism\nbetween stochastic chemical reaction systems and second quantization. Anderson,\nCraciun, and Kurtz showed that, when the rate equation for a reaction network\nadmits a complex-balanced steady-state solution, the corresponding stochastic\nreaction system has a stationary distribution of a product form of Poisson\ndistributions. In a formulation of stochastic reaction systems using the\nlanguage of second quantization initiated by Doi, product-form Poisson\ndistributions correspond to coherent states. Pursuing this analogy further, we\nstudy the counterpart of squeezed states in stochastic reaction systems. Under\nthe action of a squeeze operator, the time-evolution operator of the chemical\nmaster equation is transformed, and the resulting system describes a different\nreaction network, which does not admit a complex-balanced steady state. A\nsqueezed coherent state gives the stationary distribution of the transformed\nnetwork, for which analytic expression is obtained.",
        "positive": "Multicritical behavior in models with two competing order parameters: We employ the nonperturbative functional Renormalization Group to study\nmodels with an O(N_1)+O(N_2) symmetry. Here, different fixed points exist in\nthree dimensions, corresponding to bicritical and tetracritical behavior\ninduced by the competition of two order parameters. We discuss the critical\nbehavior of the symmetry-enhanced isotropic, the decoupled and the biconical\nfixed point, and analyze their stability in the N_1, N_2 plane. We study the\nfate of non-trivial fixed points during the transition from three to four\ndimensions, finding evidence for a triviality problem for coupled two-scalar\nmodels in high-energy physics. We also point out the possibility of\nnon-canonical critical exponents at semi-Gaussian fixed points and show the\nemergence of Goldstone modes from discrete symmetries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deformed Jarzynski Equality: The well-known Jarzynski equality, often written in the form $e^{-\\beta\\Delta\nF}=\\langle e^{-\\beta W}\\rangle$, provides a non-equilibrium means to measure\nthe free energy difference $\\Delta F$ of a system at the same inverse\ntemperature $\\beta$ based on an ensemble average of non-equilibrium work $W$.\nThe accuracy of Jarzynski's measurement scheme was known to be determined by\nthe variance of exponential work, denoted as ${\\rm var}\\left(e^{-\\beta\nW}\\right)$. However, it was recently found that ${\\rm var}\\left(e^{-\\beta\nW}\\right)$ can systematically diverge in both classical and quantum cases. Such\ndivergence will necessarily pose a challenge in the applications of Jarzynski\nequality because it may dramatically reduce the efficiency in determining\n$\\Delta F$. In this work, we present a deformed Jarzynski equality for both\nclassical and quantum non-equilibrium statistics, in efforts to reuse\nexperimental data that already suffers from a diverging ${\\rm\nvar}\\left(e^{-\\beta W}\\right)$. The main feature of our deformed Jarzynski\nequality is that it connects free energies at different temperatures and it may\nstill work efficiently subject to a diverging ${\\rm var}\\left(e^{-\\beta\nW}\\right)$. The conditions for applying our deformed Jarzynski equality may be\nmet in experimental and computational situations. If so, then there is no need\nto redesign experimental or simulation methods. Furthermore, using the deformed\nJarzynski equality, we exemplify the distinct behaviors of classical and\nquantum work fluctuations for the case of a time-dependent driven harmonic\noscillator dynamics and provide insights into the essential performance\ndifferences between classical and quantum Jarzynski equalities.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic scaling of diffusion in supercooled Lennard-Jones liquids: The manner in which the intermolecular potential u(r) governs structural\nrelaxation in liquids is a long standing problem in condensed matter physics.\nHerein we show that diffusion coefficients for simulated Lennard-Jones m-6\nliquids (8<m<36) in normal and moderately supercooled states are a unique\nfunction of the variable rho^g/T, where rho is density and T is temperature.\nThe scaling exponent g is a material specific constant whose magnitude is\nrelated to the steepness of the repulsive part of u(r), evaluated around the\ndistance of closest approach between particles probed in the supercooled\nregime. Approximations of u(r) in terms of inverse power laws are also\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of Freely Cooling Granular Gases: We study dynamics of freely cooling granular gases in two-dimensions using\nlarge-scale molecular dynamics simulations. We find that for dilute systems the\ntypical kinetic energy decays algebraically with time, E(t) ~ t^{-1}, in the\nlong time limit. Asymptotically, velocity statistics are characterized by a\nuniversal Gaussian distribution, in contrast with the exponential high-energy\ntails characterizing the early homogeneous regime. We show that in the late\nclustering regime particles move coherently as typical local velocity\nfluctuations, Delta v, are small compared with the typical velocity, Delta v/v\n~ t^{-1/4}. Furthermore, locally averaged shear modes dominate over acoustic\nmodes. The small thermal velocity fluctuations suggest that the system can be\nheuristically described by Burgers-like equations.",
        "positive": "Machine-Learning Study using Improved Correlation Configuration and\n  Application to Quantum Monte Carlo Simulation: We use the Fortuin-Kasteleyn representation based improved estimator of the\ncorrelation configuration as an alternative to the ordinary correlation\nconfiguration in the machine-learning study of the phase classification of spin\nmodels. The phases of classical spin models are classified using the improved\nestimators, and the method is also applied to the quantum Monte Carlo\nsimulation using the loop algorithm. We analyze the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition of the spin 1/2 quantum XY\nmodel on the square lattice. We classify the BKT phase and the paramagnetic\nphase of the quantum XY model using the machine-learning approach. We show that\nthe classification of the quantum XY model can be performed by using the\ntraining data of the classical XY model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Invariance of the Kohn (sloshing) mode in a conserving theory: It is proven that the center of mass (COM or Kohn) oscillation of a many-body\nsystem in a harmonic trap coincides with the motion of a single particle as\nlong as conserving approximations are applied to treat the interactions. The\ntwo conditions formulated by Kadanoff and Baym \\cite{kb-book} are shown to be\nsufficient to preserve the COM mode. The result equally applies to zero and\nfinite temperature, as well as to nonequilibrium situations, and to the linear\nand nonlinear response regimes.",
        "positive": "Loop models for CFTs: By interpreting the fusion matrix as an adjacency matrix we associate a loop\nmodel to every primary operator of a generic conformal field theory. The weight\nof these loop models is given by the quantum dimension of the corresponding\nprimary operator. Using the known results for the O(n) models we establish a\nrelationship between these models and SLEs. The method is applied to WZW, $c<1$\nminimal conformal field theories and other coset models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conformal field theory of the Flory model of polymer melting: We study the scaling limit of a fully packed loop model in two dimensions,\nwhere the loops are endowed with a bending rigidity. The scaling limit is\ndescribed by a three-parameter family of conformal field theories, which we\ncharacterize via its Coulomb-gas representation. One choice for two of the\nthree parameters reproduces the critical line of the exactly solvable\nsix-vertex model, while another corresponds to the Flory model of polymer\nmelting. Exact central charge and critical exponents are calculated for polymer\nmelting in two dimensions. Contrary to predictions from mean-field theory we\nshow that polymer melting, as described by the Flory model, is continuous. We\ntest our field theoretical results against numerical transfer matrix\ncalculations.",
        "positive": "Landau theory of compressible magnets near a quantum critical point: Landau theory is used to investigate the behaviour of a metallic magnet\ndriven towards a quantum critical point by the application of pressure. The\nobserved dependence of the transition temperature with pressure is used to show\nthat the coupling of the magnetic order to the lattice diverges as the quantum\ncritical point is approached. This means that a first order transition will\noccur in magnets (both ferromagnets and antiferromagnets) because of the\ncoupling to the lattice. The Landau equations are solved numerically without\nfurther approximations. There are other mechanisms that can cause a first order\ntransition so the significance of this work is that it will enable us to\ndetermine the extent to which any particular first order transition is driven\nby coupling to the lattice or if other causes are responsible."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetism, coherent many-particle dynamics, and relaxation with\n  ultracold bosons in optical superlattices: We study how well magnetic models can be implemented with ultracold bosonic\natoms of two different hyperfine states in an optical superlattice. The system\nis captured by a two-species Bose-Hubbard model, but realizes in a certain\nparameter regime actually the physics of a spin-1/2 Heisenberg magnet,\ndescribing the second order hopping processes. Tuning of the superlattice\nallows for controlling the effect of fast first order processes versus the\nslower second order ones.\n  Using the density-matrix renormalization-group method, we provide the\nevolution of typical experimentally available observables. The validity of the\ndescription via the Heisenberg model, depending on the parameters of the\nHubbard model, is studied numerically and analytically. The analysis is also\nmotivated by recent experiments [S. Foelling et al., Nature 448, 1029 (2007);\nS. Trotzky et al., Sience 319, 295 (2008)] where coherent two-particle dynamics\nwith ultracold bosonic atoms in isolated double wells were realized. We provide\ntheoretical background for the next step, the observation of coherent\nmany-particle dynamics after coupling the double wells. Contrary to the case of\nisolated double wells, relaxation of local observables can be observed. The\ntunability between the Bose-Hubbard model and the Heisenberg model in this\nsetup could be used to study experimentally the differences in equilibration\nprocesses for nonintegrable and Bethe ansatz integrable models. We show that\nthe relaxation in the Heisenberg model is connected to a phase averaging\neffect, which is in contrast to the typical scattering driven thermalization in\nnonintegrable models. We discuss the preparation of magnetic groundstates by\nadiabatic tuning of the superlattice parameters.",
        "positive": "Action Functional for a Particle with Damping: In this brief report we discuss the action functional of a particle with\ndamping, showing that it can be obtained from the dissipative equation of\nmotion through a modification which makes the new dissipative equation\ninvariant for time reversal symmetry. This action functional is exactly the\neffective action of Caldeira-Leggett model but, in our approach, it is derived\nwithout the assumption that the particle is weakly coupled to a bath of\ninfinite harmonic oscillators."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Path Integral Solutions to the Distributions of Statistical Mechanics: We present the path-integral solutions to the distributions in classical\n(Gibbs) and quantum (Wigner) statistical mechanics. The kernel of the\ndistributions are derived in two ways - one by time slicing and defining the\nappropriate short-time interval phase space matrix element and second by making\nuse of the kernel in the path-integral approach to quantum mechanics. We show\nthat the two approaches are perturbatively identical. We also present another\ncomputation for the Wigner kernel, which is also the Liouville kernel, for the\nharmonic oscillator and free particle. These kernels may be used as the\nstarting point in the perturbative expansion of the Wigner kernel for any\npotential. With the kernel solved, we essentially solve also the distributions\nin classical and quantum statistical mechanics.",
        "positive": "Noise induced state transitions, intermittency and universality in the\n  noisy Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation: We analyze the effect of pure additive noise on the long-time dynamics of the\nnoisy Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation in a regime close to the instability\nonset. We show that when the noise is highly degenerate, in the sense that it\nacts only on the first stable mode, the solution of the KS equation undergoes\nseveral transitions between different states, including a critical on-off\nintermittent state that is eventually stabilized as the noise strength is\nincreased. Such noise-induced transitions can be completely characterized\nthrough critical exponents, obtaining that both the KS and the noisy Burgers\nequation belong to the same universality class. The results of our numerical\ninvestigations are explained rigorously using multiscale techniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bistable stochastic processes in the q-exponential family: Stochastic bistable systems whose stationary distributions belong to the\nq-exponential family are investigated using two approaches: (i) the Langevin\nmodel subjected to additive and quadratic multiplicative noise, and (ii) the\nsuperstatistical model. Previously, the bistable Langevin model has been\nanalyzed under linear multiplicative noise, whereas this paper reports on\nquadratic multiplicative noise, which is more physically meaningful. The\nstationary distribution of the Langevin model under quadratic multiplicative\nnoise, which agrees with that derived by the maximum Tsallis entropy method, is\nfound to be qualitatively different from its counterpart under linear\nmultiplicative noise. We also show that the stationary distribution of the\nsuperstatistical model is the same as that of the Langevin model, whereas their\ntransient properties, described in terms of mean first passage times (MFPTs),\nare qualitatively different.",
        "positive": "Fermi-like behavior of weakly vibrated granular matter: Vertical movement of zirconia-yttria stabilized 2 mm balls is measured by a\nlaser facility at the surface of a vibrated 3D granular matter under gravity.\nRealizations z(t) are measured from the top of the container by tuning the\nfluidized gap with a 1D measurement window in the direction of the gravity. The\nstatistics obeys a Fermi-like configurational approach which is tested by the\nrelation between the dispersions in amplitude and velocity. We introduce a\ngeneralized equipartition law to characterize the ensemble of particles which\ncannot be described in terms of a Brownian motion. The relation between global\ngranular temperature and the external excitation frequency is established."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Magnetically Induced Thermal Rectification: We consider far from equilibrium heat transport in chaotic billiard chains\nwith non-interacting charged particles in the presence of non-uniform\ntransverse magnetic field. If half of the chain is placed in a strong magnetic\nfield, or if the strength of the magnetic field has a large gradient along the\nchain, heat current is shown to be asymmetric with respect to exchange of the\ntemperatures of the heat baths. Thermal rectification factor can be arbitrarily\nlarge for sufficiently small temperature of one of the baths.",
        "positive": "First-principle validation of Fourier's law in d=1,2,3 classical systems: We numerically study the thermal transport in the classical inertial\nnearest-neighbor XY ferromagnet in $d=1,2,3$, the total number of sites being\ngiven by $N=L^d$, where $L$ is the linear size of the system. For the thermal\nconductance $\\sigma$, we obtain $\\sigma(T,L)\\, L^{\\delta(d)} = A(d)\\,\ne_{q(d)}^{- B(d)\\,[L^{\\gamma(d)}T]^{\\eta(d)}}$ (with $e_q^z \\equiv\n[1+(1-q)z]^{1/(1-q)};\\,e_1^z=e^z;\\,A(d)>0;\\,B(d)>0;\\,q(d)>1;\\,\\eta(d)>2;\\,\\delta\n\\ge 0; \\,\\gamma(d)>0)$, for all values of $L^{\\gamma(d)}T$ for $d=1,2,3$. In\nthe $L\\to\\infty$ limit, we have $\\sigma \\propto 1/L^{\\rho_\\sigma(d)}$ with\n$\\rho_\\sigma(d)= \\delta(d)+ \\gamma(d) \\eta(d)/[q(d)-1]$. The material\nconductivity is given by $\\kappa=\\sigma L^d \\propto 1/L^{\\rho_\\kappa(d)}$\n($L\\to\\infty$) with $\\rho_\\kappa(d)=\\rho_\\sigma(d)-d$. Our numerical results\nare consistent with 'conspiratory' $d$-dependences of $(q,\\eta,\\delta,\\gamma)$,\nwhich comply with normal thermal conductivity (Fourier law) for all dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Polymer drift in a solvent by force acting on one polymer end: We investigate the effect of hydrodynamic interactions on the non-equilibrium\ndrift dynamics of an ideal flexible polymer pulled by a constant force applied\nat one end of the polymer using the perturbation theory and the renormalization\ngroup method. For moderate force, if the polymer elongation is small, the\nhydrodynamic interactions are not screened and the velocity and the\nlongitudinal elongation of the polymer are computed using the renormalization\ngroup method. Both the velocity and elongation are nonlinear functions of the\ndriving force in this regime. For large elongation we found two regimes. For\nlarge force but finite chain length $L$ the hydrodynamic interactions are\nscreened. For large chain lengths and a finite force the hydrodynamic\ninteractions are only partially screened, which in three dimensions results in\nunusual logarithmic corrections to the velocity and the longitudinal\nelongation.",
        "positive": "Self-consistent approach for thermodynamics of a simplified\n  pseudospin-electron model: We present the method of the self-consistent calculation of thermodynamical\nand correlation functions. This approach is based on the GRPA (generalized\nrandom phase approximation) scheme with the inclusion of the mean field\ncorrections.\n  Investigation of a pseudospin-electron model (PEM) within the framework of\nthe presented method shows that interaction between the electron and pseudospin\nsubsystems leads to the possibility of either first or second order phase\ntransitions between different uniform phases (bistability) as well as between\nthe uniform and the chess-board ones.\n  In the regime n=const, an instability with respect to phase separation in the\nelectron and pseudospin subsystems can take place."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Expected maximum of bridge random walks & L\u00e9vy flights: We consider one-dimensional discrete-time random walks (RWs) with arbitrary\nsymmetric and continuous jump distributions $f(\\eta)$, including the case of\nL\\'evy flights. We study the expected maximum ${\\mathbb E}[M_n]$ of bridge RWs,\ni.e., RWs starting and ending at the origin after $n$ steps. We obtain an exact\nanalytical expression for ${\\mathbb E}[M_n]$ valid for any $n$ and jump\ndistribution $f(\\eta)$, which we then analyze in the large $n$ limit up to\nsecond leading order term. For jump distributions whose Fourier transform\nbehaves, for small $k$, as $\\hat f(k) \\sim 1 - |a\\, k|^\\mu$ with a L\\'evy index\n$0<\\mu \\leq 2$ and an arbitrary length scale $a>0$, we find that, at leading\norder for large $n$, ${\\mathbb E}[M_n]\\sim a\\, h_1(\\mu)\\, n^{1/\\mu}$. We obtain\nan explicit expression for the amplitude $h_1(\\mu)$ and find that it carries\nthe signature of the bridge condition, being different from its counterpart for\nthe free random walk. For $\\mu=2$, we find that the second leading order term\nis a constant, which, quite remarkably, is the same as its counterpart for the\nfree RW. For generic $0< \\mu < 2$, this second leading order term is a growing\nfunction of $n$, which depends non-trivially on further details of $\\hat f\n(k)$, beyond the L\\'evy index $\\mu$. Finally, we apply our results to compute\nthe mean perimeter of the convex hull of the $2d$ Rouse polymer chain and of\nthe $2d$ run-and-tumble particle, as well as to the computation of the survival\nprobability in a bridge version of the well-known \"lamb-lion\" capture problem.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Annealing: We demonstrate that is it possible to simulate a system in thermal\nequilibrium even when the energy cannot be evaluated exactly, provided the\nerror distribution is known. This leads to an effective optimisation strategy\nfor problems where the evaluation of each design can only be sampled\nstatistically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Size and area of square lattice polygons: We use the finite lattice method to calculate the radius of gyration, the\nfirst and second area-weighted moments of self-avoiding polygons on the square\nlattice. The series have been calculated for polygons up to perimeter 82.\nAnalysis of the series yields high accuracy estimates confirming theoretical\npredictions for the value of the size exponent, $\\nu=3/4$, and certain\nuniversal amplitude combinations. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the\nasymptotic form of the series coefficients provide the firmest evidence to date\nfor the existence of a correction-to-scaling exponent, $\\Delta = 3/2$.",
        "positive": "Synchronous and Asynchronous Recursive Random Scale-Free Nets: We investigate the differences between scale-free recursive nets constructed\nby a synchronous, deterministic updating rule (e.g., Apollonian nets), versus\nan asynchronous, random sequential updating rule (e.g., random Apollonian\nnets). We show that the dramatic discrepancies observed recently for the degree\nexponent in these two cases result from a biased choice of the units to be\nupdated sequentially in the asynchronous version."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cayley Trees and Bethe Lattices, a concise analysis for mathematicians\n  and physicists: We review critically the concepts and the applications of Cayley Trees and\nBethe Lattices in statistical mechanics in a tentative effort to remove\nwidespread misuse of these simple, but yet important - and different - ideal\ngraphs. We illustrate, in particular, two rigorous techniques to deal with\nBethe Lattices, based respectively on self-similarity and on the Kolmogorov\nconsistency theorem, linking the latter with the Cavity and Belief Propagation\nmethods, more known to the physics community.",
        "positive": "Exact moments and re-entrant transitions in the inertial dynamics of\n  active Brownian particles: In this study, we investigate the behavior of free inertial Active Brownian\nParticles (ABP) in the presence of thermal noise. While finding a closed-form\nsolution for the joint distribution of positions, orientations, and velocities\nusing the Fokker-Planck equation is generally challenging, we utilize a Laplace\ntransform method to obtain the exact temporal evolution of all dynamical\nmoments in arbitrary dimensions. Our expressions in $d$ dimensions reveal that\ninertia significantly impacts steady-state kinetic temperature and swim\npressure while leaving the late-time diffusivity unchanged. Notably, as a\nfunction of activity and inertia, the steady-state velocity distribution\nexhibits a remarkable re-entrant crossover from passive Gaussian to active\nnon-Gaussian behaviors. We construct a corresponding phase diagram using the\nexact expression of the $d$-dimensional kurtosis. Our analytic expressions\ndescribe steady states and offer insights into time-dependent crossovers\nobserved in moments of velocity and displacement. Our calculations can be\nextended to predict up to second-order moments for run-and-tumble particles\n(RTP) and the active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process (AOUP). Additionally, the\nkurtosis shows differences from AOUP."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Scaling Implications of Ferrari, Pr\u00e4hofer, and Spohn's\n  Remarkable Spatial Scaling Results for Facet-Edge Fluctuations: Spurred by theoretical predictions from Spohn and coworkers [Phys. Rev. E\n{\\bf 69}, 035102(R) (2004)], we rederived and extended their result\nheuristically as well as investigated the scaling properties of the associated\nLangevin equation in curved geometry with an asymmetric potential. With\nexperimental colleagues we used STM line scans to corroborate their prediction\nthat the fluctuations of the step bounding a facet exhibit scaling properties\ndistinct from those of isolated steps or steps on vicinal surfaces. The\ncorrelation functions was shown to go as $t^{0.15(3)}$ decidedly different from\nthe $t^{0.26(2)}$ behavior for fluctuations of isolated steps. From the\nexponents, we were able to categorize the universality, confirming the\nprediction that the non-linear term of the KPZ equation, long known to play a\ncentral role in non-equilibrium phenomena, can also arise from the curvature or\npotential-asymmetry contribution to the step free energy. We also considered,\nwith modest Monte Carlo simulations, a toy model to show that confinement of a\nstep by another nearby step can modify as predicted the scaling exponents of\nthe step's fluctuations. This paper is an expansion of a celebratory talk at\nthe 95$^{\\rm th}$ Rutgers Statistical Mechanics Conference, May 2006.",
        "positive": "A precise approximation for directed percolation in d=1+1: We introduce an approximation specific to a continuous model for directed\npercolation, which is strictly equivalent to 1+1 dimensional directed bond\npercolation. We find that the critical exponent associated to the order\nparameter (percolation probability) is beta=(1-1/\\sqrt{5})/2=0.276393202..., in\nremarkable agreement with the best current numerical estimate beta=0.276486(8)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical mechanics of a nonequilibrium steady-state classical\n  particle system driven by a constant external force: A classical particle system coupled with a thermostat driven by an external\nconstant force reaches its steady state when the ensemble-averaged drift\nvelocity does not vary with time. The statistical mechanics of such a system is\nderived merely based on the equal probability and ergodicity principles, free\nfrom any conclusions drawn on equilibrium statistical mechanics or local\nequilibrium hypothesis. The momentum space distribution is determined by a\nrandom walk argument, and the position space distribution is determined by\nemploying the equal probability and ergodicity principles. The expressions for\nenergy, entropy, free energy, and pressures are then deduced, and the relation\namong external force, drift velocity, and temperature is also established.\nMoreover, the relaxation towards its equilibrium is found to be an\nexponentially decaying process obeying the minimum entropy production theorem.",
        "positive": "Growth rate of 3D heaps of pieces: We consider configurational statistics of three-dimensional heaps of $N$\npieces ($N\\gg 1$) on a simple cubic lattice in a large 3D bounding box of base\n$n \\times n$, and calculate the growth rate, $\\Lambda(n)$, of the corresponding\npartition function, $Z_N\\sim N^{\\theta}[\\Lambda(n)]^N$, at $n\\gg 1$. Our\ncomputations rely on a theorem of G.X. Viennot \\cite{viennot-rev}, which\nconnects the generating function of a $(D+1)$-dimensional heap of pieces to the\ngenerating function of projection of these pieces onto a $D$-dimensional\nsubspace. The growth rate of a heap of cubic blocks, which cannot touch each\nother by vertical faces, is thus related to the position of zeros of the\npartition function describing 2D lattice gas of hard squares. We study the\ncorresponding partition function exactly at low densities on finite $n\\times n$\nlattice of arbitrary $n$, and extrapolate its behavior to the jamming\ntransition density. This allows us to estimate the limiting growth rate,\n$\\Lambda =\\lim_{n\\to\\infty}\\Lambda(n)\\approx 9.5$. The same method works for\nany underlying 2D lattice and for various shapes of pieces: flat vertical\nsquares, mapped to an ensemble of repulsive dimers, dominoes mapped to an\nensemble of rectangles with hard-core repulsion, etc."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal thermal refrigerator: We study a refrigerator model which consists of two $n$-level systems\ninteracting via a pulsed external field. Each system couples to its own thermal\nbath at temperatures $T_h$ and $T_c$, respectively ($\\theta\\equiv T_c/T_h<1$).\nThe refrigerator functions in two steps: thermally isolated interaction between\nthe systems driven by the external field and isothermal relaxation back to\nequilibrium. There is a complementarity between the power of heat transfer from\nthe cold bath and the efficiency: the latter nullifies when the former is\nmaximized and {\\it vice versa}. A reasonable compromise is achieved by\noptimizing over the inter-system interaction and intra-system energy levels the\nproduct of the heat-power and efficiency. The efficiency is then found to be\nbounded from below by $\\zeta_{\\rm CA}=\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{1-\\theta}}-1$ (an analogue\nof Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency for refrigerators), besides being bound from above\nby the Carnot efficiency $\\zeta_{\\rm C} = \\frac{1}{1-\\theta}-1$. The lower\nbound is reached in the equilibrium limit $\\theta\\to 1$, while the Carnot bound\nis reached (for a finite power and a finite amount of heat transferred per\ncycle) in the macroscopic limit $\\ln n\\gg 1$. The efficiency is exactly equal\nto $\\zeta_{\\rm CA}$, when the above optimization is constrained by assuming\nhomogeneous energy spectra for both systems.",
        "positive": "Ferromagnetic transition in a double-exchange system: We study ferromagnetic transition in three-dimensional double-exchange model.\nThe influence of strong spin fluctuations on conduction electrons is described\nin coherent potential approximation. In the framework of thermodynamic approach\nwe construct for the system \"electrons (in a disordered spin configuration) +\nspins\" the Landau functional, from the analysis of which critical temperature\nof ferromagnetic transition is calculated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical behaviour of the 1d annihilation fission process 2A->0, 2A->3A: Numerical simulations and cluster mean-field approximations with coherent\nanomaly extrapolation show that the critical line of the 1d annihilation\nfission process is separated into two regions. In both the small and high\ndiffusion cases the critical behavior is different from the well known\nuniversality classes of non-equilibrium phase transitions to absorbing states.\nThe high diffusion region seems to be well described by the cyclically coupled\ndirected percolation and annihilating random walk. Spreading exponents show\nnon-universal behavior.",
        "positive": "Spectral Moments of Correlated Wishart Matrices: We present an analytic method to determine spectral properties of the\ncovariance matrices constructed of correlated Wishart random matrices. The\nmethod gives, in the limit of large matrices, exact analytic relations between\nthe spectral moments and the eigenvalue densities of the covariance matrices\nand their estimators. The results can be used in practice to extract\ninformation about the genuine correlations from the given experimental\nrealization of random matrices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spin tunneling via dislocations in Mn-12 acetate crystals: We show that dislocations should be the main source of spin tunneling in\nMn-12 crystals. Long-range strains caused by dislocations produce broad\ndistribution of relaxation times that has been seen in many experiments. When\nthe external magnetic field is applied along the c-axis of the crystal, local\nrotations of the magnetic anisotropy axis due to dislocations result in the\neffective local transverse magnetic field that unfreezes odd tunneling\nresonances. Scaling law is derived that provides universal description of spin\ntunneling for all resonances.",
        "positive": "Solvable Lattice Gas Models with Three Phases: Phase boundaries in p-T and p-V diagrams are essential in material science\nresearches. Exact analytic knowledge about such phase boundaries are known so\nfar only in two-dimensional (2D) Ising-like models, and only for cases with two\nphases. In the present paper we present several lattice gas models, some with\nthree phases. The phase boundaries are either analytically calculated or\nexactly evaluated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement distribution in the Quantum Symmetric Simple Exclusion\n  Process: We study the probability distribution of entanglement in the Quantum\nSymmetric Simple Exclusion Process, a model of fermions hopping with random\nBrownian amplitudes between neighboring sites. We consider a protocol where the\nsystem is initialized in a pure product state of $M$ particles, and focus on\nthe late-time distribution of R\\'enyi-$q$ entropies for a subsystem of size\n$\\ell$. By means of a Coulomb gas approach from Random Matrix Theory, we\ncompute analytically the large-deviation function of the entropy in the\nthermodynamic limit. For $q>1$, we show that, depending on the value of the\nratio $\\ell/M$, the entropy distribution displays either two or three distinct\nregimes, ranging from low- to high-entanglement. These are connected by points\nwhere the probability density features singularities in its third derivative,\nwhich can be understood in terms of a transition in the corresponding charge\ndensity of the Coulomb gas. Our analytic results are supported by numerical\nMonte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Bootstrap Percolation on Complex Networks: We consider bootstrap percolation on uncorrelated complex networks. We obtain\nthe phase diagram for this process with respect to two parameters: $f$, the\nfraction of vertices initially activated, and $p$, the fraction of undamaged\nvertices in the graph. We observe two transitions: the giant active component\nappears continuously at a first threshold. There may also be a second,\ndiscontinuous, hybrid transition at a higher threshold. Avalanches of\nactivations increase in size as this second critical point is approached,\nfinally diverging at this threshold. We describe the existence of a special\ncritical point at which this second transition first appears. In networks with\ndegree distributions whose second moment diverges (but whose first moment does\nnot), we find a qualitatively different behavior. In this case the giant active\ncomponent appears for any $f>0$ and $p>0$, and the discontinuous transition is\nabsent. This means that the giant active component is robust to damage, and\nalso is very easily activated. We also formulate a generalized bootstrap\nprocess in which each vertex can have an arbitrary threshold."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Investigation of bond dilution effects on the magnetic properties of a\n  cylindrical Ising nanowire: A cylindrical magnetic nanowire system composed of ferromagnetic core and\nshell layers has been investigated by using effective field theory with\ncorrelations. Both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange couplings at\nthe core-shell interface have been considered. Main attention has been focused\non the effects of the quenched disordered shell bonds, as well as interface\nbonds on the magnetic properties of the system. A complete picture of the phase\ndiagrams and magnetization profiles has been represented. It has been shown\nthat for the antiferromagnetic nanowire system, the magnetization curves can be\nclassified according to N\\'{e}el theory of ferrimagnetism and it has been found\nthat under certain conditions, the magnetization profiles may exhibit Q-type,\nP-type, N-type and L-type behaviors. The observed L-type behavior has not been\nreported in the literature before for the equilibrium properties of nanoscaled\nmagnets. As another interesting feature of the system, it has been found that a\ncompensation point can be induced by a bond dilution process in the surface.\nFurthermore, we have not found any evidence of neither the first order phase\ntransition characteristics, nor the reentrance phenomena.",
        "positive": "Marginal Stability in Structural, Spin and Electron Glasses: We revisit the concept of marginal stability in glasses, and determine its\nrange of applicability in the context of avalanche-type response to slow\nexternal driving. We argue that there is an intimate connection between a\npseudo-gap in the distribution of local fields and crackling in systems with\nlong-range interactions. We show how the principle of marginal stability offers\na unifying perspective on the phenomenology of systems as diverse as spin and\nelectron glasses, hard spheres, pinned elastic interfaces and the plasticity of\nsoft amorphous solids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian particles with long and short range interactions: We develop a kinetic theory of Brownian particles with long and short range\ninteractions. We consider both overdamped and inertial models. In the\noverdamped limit, the evolution of the spatial density is governed by the\ngeneralized mean field Smoluchowski equation including a mean field potential\ndue to long-range interactions and a generically nonlinear barotropic pressure\ndue to short-range interactions. This equation describes various physical\nsystems such as self-gravitating Brownian particles (Smoluchowski-Poisson\nsystem), bacterial populations experiencing chemotaxis (Keller-Segel model) and\ncolloidal particles with capillary interactions. We also take into account the\ninertia of the particles and derive corresponding kinetic and hydrodynamic\nequations generalizing the usual Kramers, Jeans, Euler and Cattaneo equations.\nFor each model, we provide the corresponding form of free energy and establish\nthe H-theorem and the virial theorem. Finally, we show that the same\nhydrodynamic equations are obtained in the context of nonlinear mean field\nFokker-Planck equations associated with generalized thermodynamics. However, in\nthat case, the nonlinear pressure is due to the bias in the transition\nprobabilities from one state to the other leading to non-Boltzmannian\ndistributions while in the former case the distribution is Boltzmannian but the\nnonlinear pressure arises from the two-body correlation function induced by the\nshort-range potential of interaction. As a whole, our paper develops\nconnections between the topics of long-range interactions, short-range\ninteractions, nonlinear mean field Fokker-Planck equations and generalized\nthermodynamics. It also justifies from a kinetic theory based on microscopic\nprocesses, the basic equations that were introduced phenomenologically in\ngravitational Brownian dynamics, chemotaxis and colloidal suspensions with\nattractive interactions.",
        "positive": "Polymer unfolding and motion synchronization induced by spatially\n  correlated noise: The problem of a spatially correlated noise affecting a complex system is\nstudied in this paper. We present a comprehensive analysis of a 2D model\npolymer chain, driven by the spatially correlated Gaussian noise, for which we\nhave varied the amplitude and the correlation length. The chain model is based\non a bead-spring approach, enriched with a global Lennard-Jones potential and\nangular interactions. We show that spatial correlations in the noise inhibit\nthe chain geometry dynamics, enhancing the preservation of the polymer shape.\nThis is supported by the analysis of correlation functions of both the module\nlength and angles between neighboring modules, which have been measured for the\nnoise amplitude ranging over 3 orders of magnitude. Moreover, we have observed\nthe correlation length dependent beads motion synchronization, and the\nspontaneous polymer unfolding, resulting from an interplay between chain\npotentials and the spatially structured noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A mesoscopic approach to diffusion phenomena in mixtures: The mesosocpic concept is applied to the theory of mixtures. The aim is to\ninvestigate the diffusion phenomenon from a mesoscopic point of view. The\ndomain of the field quantities is extended by the set of mesoscopic variables,\nhere the velocities of the components. Balance equations on this enlarged space\nare the equations of motion for the mesoscopic fields. Moreover, local\ndistribution functions of the velocities are introduced as a statistical\nelement, and an equation of motion for this distribution function is derived.\n  From this equation of motion differential equations for the diffusion fluxes,\nand also for higher order fluxes are obtained. These equations are of balance\ntype, as it is postulated in Extended Thermodynamics. The resulting evolution\nequation for the diffusion flux generalizes the Fick's law.",
        "positive": "Cooperative transport with selective kinetic constraints: We introduce and study a family of cooperative exclusion processes whose\nmicroscopic dynamics is governed by selective kinetic constraints. They\ndisplay, in sharp contrast to the simple symmetric exclusion process, density\nprofiles that can be concave, convex or both, depending on the density of\nboundary particle reservoirs. A mean-field analysis based on a diffusion\nequation with a density-dependent diffusion coefficient qualitatively\nreproduces this behaviour, and suggests its occurrence in liquids with a\ndiffusivity anomaly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Cellular Automaton Model for the Traffic Flow in Bogota: In this work we propose a car cellular automaton model that reproduces the\nexperimental behavior of traffic flows in Bogot\\'a. Our model includes three\nelements: hysteresis between the acceleration and brake gaps, a delay time in\nthe acceleration, and an instantaneous brake. The parameters of our model were\nobtained from direct measurements inside a car on motorways in Bogot\\'a. Next,\nwe simulated with this model the flux-density fundamental diagram for a\nsingle-lane traffic road and compared it with experimental data. Our\nsimulations are in very good agreement with the experimental measurements, not\njust in the shape of the fundamental diagram, but also in the numerical values\nfor both the road capacity and the density of maximal flux. Our model\nreproduces, too, the qualitative behavior of shock waves. In addition, our work\nidentifies the periodic boundary conditions as the source of false peaks in the\nfundamental diagram, when short roads are simulated, that have been also found\nin previous works. The phase transition between free and congested traffic is\nalso investigated by computing both the relaxation time and the order\nparameter. Our work shows how different the traffic behavior from one city to\nanother can be, and how important is to determine the model parameters for each\ncity.",
        "positive": "Spectral signatures of symmetry-breaking dynamical phase transitions: Large deviation theory provides the framework to study the probability of\nrare fluctuations of time-averaged observables, opening new avenues of research\nin nonequilibrium physics. One of the most appealing results within this\ncontext are dynamical phase transitions (DPTs), which might occur at the level\nof trajectories in order to maximize the probability of sustaining a rare\nevent. While the Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory has underpinned much recent\nprogress on the understanding of symmetry-breaking DPTs in driven diffusive\nsystems, their microscopic characterization is still challenging. In this work\nwe shed light on the general spectral mechanism giving rise to continuous DPTs\nnot only for driven diffusive systems, but for any jump process in which a\ndiscrete $\\mathbb{Z}_n$ symmetry is broken. By means of a symmetry-aided\nspectral analysis of the Doob-transformed dynamics, we provide the conditions\nwhereby symmetry-breaking DPTs might emerge and how the different dynamical\nphases arise from the specific structure of the degenerate eigenvectors. We\nshow explicitly how all symmetry-breaking features are encoded in the\nsubleading eigenvectors of the degenerate manifold. Moreover, by partitioning\nconfiguration space into equivalence classes according to a proper order\nparameter, we achieve a substantial dimensional reduction which allows for the\nquantitative characterization of the spectral fingerprints of DPTs. We\nillustrate our predictions in three paradigmatic many-body systems: (i) the 1D\nboundary-driven weakly asymmetric exclusion process (WASEP), which exhibits a\nparticle-hole symmetry-breaking DPT for current fluctuations, (ii) the $3$ and\n$4$-state Potts model, which displays discrete rotational symmetry-breaking DPT\nfor energy fluctuations, and (iii) the closed WASEP which presents a continuous\nsymmetry-breaking DPT to a time-crystal phase characterized by a rotating\ncondensate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase separation in a chaotic flow: The phase separation between two immiscible liquids advected by a\nbidimensional velocity field is investigated numerically by solving the\ncorresponding Cahn-Hilliard equation. We study how the spinodal decomposition\nprocess depends on the presence -or absence- of Lagrangian chaos. A fully\nchaotic flow, in particular, limits the growth of domains and for unequal\nvolume fractions of the liquids, a characteristic exponential distribution of\ndroplet sizes is obtained. The limiting domain size results from a balance\nbetween chaotic mixing and spinodal decomposition, measured in terms of\nLyapunov exponent and diffusivity constant, respectively.",
        "positive": "What are the limits of universality?: It is a central prediction of renormalisation group theory that the critical\nbehaviours of many statistical mechanics models on Euclidean lattices depend\nonly on the dimension and not on the specific choice of lattice. We investigate\nthe extent to which this universality continues to hold beyond the Euclidean\nsetting, taking as case studies Bernoulli bond percolation and lattice trees.\nWe present strong numerical evidence that the critical exponents governing\nthese models on transitive graphs of polynomial volume growth depend only on\nthe volume-growth dimension of the graph and not on any other large-scale\nfeatures of the geometry. For example, our results strongly suggest that\npercolation, which has upper-critical dimension six, has the same critical\nexponents on the four-dimensional hypercubic lattice $\\mathbb{Z}^4$ and the\nHeisenberg group despite the distinct large-scale geometries of these two\nlattices preventing the relevant percolation models from sharing a common\nscaling limit.\n  On the other hand, we also show that no such universality should be expected\nto hold on fractals, even if one allows the exponents to depend on a large\nnumber of standard fractal dimensions. Indeed, we give natural examples of two\nfractals which share Hausdorff, spectral, topological, and topological\nHausdorff dimensions but exhibit distinct numerical values of the percolation\nFisher exponent $\\tau$. This gives strong evidence against a conjecture of\nBalankin et al. [Phys. Lett. A 2018]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fast kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of strained heteroepitaxy in three\n  dimensions: Accelerated algorithms for simulating the morphological evolution of strained\nheteroeptiaxy based on a ball and spring lattice model in three dimensions are\nexplained. We derive exact Green's function formalisms for boundary values in\nthe associated lattice elasticity problems. The computational efficiency is\nfurther enhanced by using a superparticle surface coarsening approximation.\nAtomic hoppings simulating surface diffusion are sampled using a multi-step\nacceptance-rejection algorithm. It utilizes quick estimates of the atomic\nelastic energies from extensively tabulated values modulated by the local\nstrain. A parameter controls the compromise between accuracy and efficiency of\nthe acceptance-rejection algorithm.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Mechanical analog of temperature for the description of\n  force distribution in static granular packings\": It has been proposed by Ngan [Phys. Rev. E 68, 011301 (2003)] that the\ngranular contact force distribution may be analytically derived by minimizing\nthe analog of a thermodynamic free energy, in this case consisting of the total\npotential energy stored in the compressed contacts minus a particular form of\nentropy weighted by a parameter. The parameter is identified as a mechanical\ntemperature. I argue that the particular form of entropy cannot be correct and\nas a result the proposed method produces increasingly errant results for\nincreasing grain rigidity. This trend is evidenced in Ngan's published results\nand in other numerical simulations and experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density Waves and Jamming Transition in Cellular Automaton Models for\n  Traffic Flow: In this paper computer simulation results of higher order density correlation\nfor cellular automaton models of traffic flow are presented. The examinations\nshow the jamming transition as a function of both the density and the magnitude\nof noise and allow to calculate the velocity of upstream moving jams. This\nvelocity is independent of the density and decreases with growing noise. The\npoint of maximum flow in the fundamental diagram determines its value. For that\nit is not necessary to define explicitly jams in the language of the selected\nmodel, but only based upon the well defined characteristic density profiles\nalong the line.",
        "positive": "Bose-Einstein-condensed systems in random potentials: The properties of systems with Bose-Einstein condensate in external\ntime-independent random potentials are investigated in the frame of a\nself-consistent stochastic mean-field approximation. General considerations are\npresented, which are valid for finite temperatures, arbitrary strengths of the\ninteraction potential, and for arbitrarily strong disorder potentials. The\nspecial case of a spatially uncorrelated random field is then treated in more\ndetail. It is shown that the system consists of three components, condensed\nparticles, uncondensed particles and a glassy density fraction, but that the\npure Bose glass phase with only a glassy density does not appear. The theory\npredicts a first-order phase transition for increasing disorder parameter,\nwhere the condensate fraction and the superfluid fraction simultaneously jump\nto zero. The influence of disorder on the ground-state energy, the stability\nconditions, the compressibility, the structure factor, and the sound velocity\nare analyzed. The uniform ideal condensed gas is shown to be always\nstochastically unstable, in the sense that an infinitesimally weak disorder\ndestroys the Bose-Einstein condensate, returning the system to the normal\nstate. But the uniform Bose-condensed system with finite repulsive interactions\nbecomes stochastically stable and exists in a finite interval of the disorder\nparameter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermo-kinetic approach of single-particles and clusters involving\n  anomalous diffusion under viscoelastic response: We present a thermo-kinetic description of anomalous diffusion of\nsingle-particles and clusters in a viscoelastic medium in terms of a\nnon-Markovian diffusion equation involving memory functions. The scaling\nbehaviour of these functions is analyzed by considering hydrodynamics and\ncluster-size space random walk arguments. We explain experimental results on\ndiffusion of Brownian particles in the cytoskeleton, in cluster-cluster\naggregation and in a suspension of micelles.",
        "positive": "A closer look at time averages of the logistic map at the edge of chaos: The probability distribution of sums of iterates of the logistic map at the\nedge of chaos has been recently shown [see U. Tirnakli, C. Beck and C. Tsallis,\nPhys. Rev. E 75, 040106(R) (2007)] to be numerically consistent with a\nq-Gaussian, the distribution which, under appropriate constraints, maximizes\nthe nonadditive entropy S_q, the basis of nonextensive statistical mechanics.\nThis analysis was based on a study of the tails of the distribution. We now\ncheck the entire distribution, in particular its central part. This is\nimportant in view of a recent q-generalization of the Central Limit Theorem,\nwhich states that for certain classes of strongly correlated random variables\nthe rescaled sum approaches a q-Gaussian limit distribution. We numerically\ninvestigate for the logistic map with a parameter in a small vicinity of the\ncritical point under which conditions there is convergence to a q-Gaussian both\nin the central region and in the tail region, and find a scaling law involving\nthe Feigenbaum constant delta. Our results are consistent with a large number\nof already available analytical and numerical evidences that the edge of chaos\nis well described in terms of the entropy S_q and its associated concepts."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic Consistency of the $q$-Deformed Fermi-Dirac Distribution\n  in Nonextensive Thermostatics: The $q$-deformed statistics for fermions arising within the non-extensive\nthermostatistical formalism has been applied to the study of various quantum\nmany-body systems recently. The aim of the present note is to point out some\nsubtle difficulties presented by this approach in connection with the problem\nof thermodynamic consistency. Different possible ways to apply the $q$-deformed\nquantum distributions in a thermodynamically consistent way are considered.",
        "positive": "A useful way to obtain the central charge of entanglement Hamiltonian --\n  Nested entanglement entropy: In this paper, we review how to obtain the central charge of a critical\nentanglement Hamiltonian through the nested entanglement entropy which was\nfirst introduced in [J. Lou et al. PRB 84, 245128 (2011)]. The critical\nphenomena of the entanglement Hamiltonian can be identified by the central\ncharge obtained by the nested entanglement entropy. We review our previous\nstudies[J. Lou et al. PRB 84, 245128 (2011), S. Tanaka et al. PRA 87, 214401\n(2013)] in which we investigated certain entanglement nature of two-dimensional\nvalence-bond-solid (VBS) state and quantum hard-square models on square and\ntriangle ladders using the nested entanglement entropy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large scale emergent properties of an autocatalytic reaction-diffusion\n  model subject to noise: The non-equilibrium dynamic fluctuations of a stochastic version of the\nGray-Scott (GS) model are studied analytically in leading order in perturbation\ntheory by means of the dynamic renormalization group. There is an attracting\nstable fixed point at one-loop order, and the asymptotic scaling of the\ncorrelation functions is predicted for both spatial and temporally correlated\nnoise sources. New effective three-body reaction terms, not present in the\noriginal GS model, are induced by the combined interplay of the fluctuations\nand nonlinearities.",
        "positive": "Solitons as candidates for energy carriers in Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattices: Currently, effective phonons (renormalized or interacting phonons) rather\nthan solitary waves (for short, solitons) are regarded as the energy carriers\nin nonlinear lattices. In this work, by using the approximate soliton solutions\nof the corresponding equations of motion and adopting the Boltzmann\ndistribution for these solitons, the average velocities of solitons are\nobtained and are compared with the sound velocities of energy transfer.\nExcellent agreements with the numerical results and the predictions of other\nexisting theories are shown in both the symmetric Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-$\\beta$\nlattices and the asymmetric Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-$\\alpha \\beta$ lattices. These\nclearly indicate that solitons are suitable candidates for energy carriers in\nFermi-Pasta-Ulam lattices. In addition, the root-mean-square velocity of\nsolitons can be obtained from the effective phonons theory."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized energy measurements and modified transient quantum\n  fluctuation theorems: Determining the work which is supplied to a system by an external agent,\nprovides a crucial step in any experimental realization of transient\nfluctuation relations. This, however, poses a problem for quantum systems,\nwhere the standard procedure requires the projective measurement of energy at\nthe beginning and the end of the protocol. Unfortunately, projective\nmeasurements, which are preferable from the point of view of theory, seem to be\ndifficult to implement experimentally. We demonstrate that, when using a\nparticular type of generalized energy measurements, the resulting work\nstatistics is simply related to that of projective measurements. This relation\nbetween the two work statistics entails the existence of modified transient\nfluctuation relations. The modifications are exclusively determined by the\nerrors incurred in the generalized energy measurements. They are universal in\nthe sense that they do not depend on the force protocol. Particularly simple\nexpressions for the modified Crooks relation and Jarzynski equality are found\nfor Gaussian energy measurements. These can be obtained by a sequence of\nsufficiently many generalized measurements which need not be Gaussian. In\naccordance with the central limit theorem, this leads to an effective error\nreduction in the individual measurements, and even yields a projective\nmeasurement in the limit of infinite repetitions.",
        "positive": "Energy spreading, equipartition and chaos in lattices with non-central\n  forces: We numerically study a one dimensional, nonlinear lattice model which in the\nlinear limit is relevant to the study of bending (flexural) waves. In contrast\nwith the classic one dimensional mass-spring system, the linear dispersion\nrelation of the considered model has different characteristics in the low\nfrequency limit. By introducing disorder in the masses of the lattice\nparticles, we investigate how different nonlinearities (cubic, quartic and\ntheir combination) lead to energy delocalization, equipartition and chaotic\ndynamics. We excite the lattice using single site initial momentum excitations\ncorresponding to a strongly localized linear mode and increase the initial\nenergy of excitation. Beyond a certain energy threshold, when the cubic\nnonlinearity is present, the system is found to reach energy equipartition and\ntotal delocalization. On the other hand, when only the quartic nonlinearity is\nactivated, the system remains localized and away from equipartition at least\nfor the energies and evolution times considered here. However, for large enough\nenergies for all types of nonlinearities we observe chaos. This chaotic\nbehavior is combined with energy delocalization when cubic nonlinearities are\npresent, while the appearance of only quartic nonlinearity leads to energy\nlocalization. Our results reveal a rich dynamical behavior and show differences\nwith the relevant Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou model. Our findings pave the way for\nthe study of models relevant to bending (flexural) waves in the presence of\nnonlinearity and disorder, anticipating different energy transport behaviors."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two refreshing views of Fluctuation Theorems through Kinematics Elements\n  and Exponential Martingale: In the context of Markov evolution, we present two original approaches to\nobtain Generalized Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorems (GFDT), by using the\nlanguage of stochastic derivatives and by using a family of exponential\nmartingales functionals. We show that GFDT are perturbative versions of\nrelations verified by these exponential martingales. Along the way, we prove\nGFDT and Fluctuation Relations (FR) for general Markov processes, beyond the\nusual proof for diffusion and pure jump processes. Finally, we relate the FR to\na family of backward and forward exponential martingales.",
        "positive": "Hydrodynamics for a model of a confined quasi-two-dimensional granular\n  gas: The hydrodynamic equations for a model of a confined quasi-two-dimensional\ngas of smooth inelastic hard spheres are derived from the Boltzmann equation\nfor the model, using a generalization of the Chapman-Enskog method. The heat\nand momentum fluxes are calculated to Navier-Stokes order, and the associated\ntransport coefficients are explicitly determined as functions of the\ncoefficient of normal restitution and the velocity parameter involved in the\ndefinition of the model. Also an Euler transport term contributing to the\nenergy transport equation is considered. This term arises from the gradient\nexpansion of the rate of change of the temperature due to the inelasticity of\ncollisions, and vanishes for elastic systems. The hydrodynamic equations are\nparticularized for the relevant case of a system in the homogeneous steady\nstate. The relationship with previous works is analyzed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theoretical estimates for the largest Lyapunov exponent of many-particle\n  systems: The largest Lyapunov exponent of an ergodic Hamiltonian system is the rate of\nexponential growth of the norm of a typical vector in the tangent space. For an\nN-particle Hamiltonian system, with a smooth Hamiltonian of the type p^2 +\nv(q), the evolution of tangent vectors is governed by the Hessian matrix V of\nthe potential. Ergodicity implies that the Lyapunov exponent is independent of\ninitial conditions on the energy shell, which can then be chosen randomly\naccording to the microcanonical distribution. In this way a stochastic process\nV(t) is defined, and the evolution equation for tangent vectors can now be seen\nas a stochastic differential equation. An equation for the evolution of the\naverage squared norm of a tangent vector can be obtained using the standard\ntheory in which the average propagator is written as a cummulant expansion. We\nshow that if cummulants higher than the second one are discarded, the Lyapunov\nexponent can be obtained by diagonalizing a small-dimension matrix, which, in\nsome cases, can be as small as 3x3. In all cases the matrix elements of the\npropagator are expressed in terms of correlation functions of the stochastic\nprocess. We discuss the connection between our approach and an alternative\ntheory, the so-called geometric method.",
        "positive": "Effects of correlated variability on information entropies in\n  nonextensive systems: We have calculated the Tsallis entropy and Fisher information matrix\n(entropy) of spatially-correlated nonextensive systems, by using an analytic\nnon-Gaussian distribution obtained by the maximum entropy method. Effects of\nthe correlated variability on the Fisher information matrix are shown to be\ndifferent from those on the Tsallis entropy. The Fisher information is\nincreased (decreased) by a positive (negative) correlation, whereas the Tsallis\nentropy is decreased with increasing an absolute magnitude of the correlation\nindependently of its sign. This fact arises from the difference in their\ncharacteristics. It implies from the Cram\\'{e}r-Rao inequality that the\naccuracy of unbiased estimate of fluctuation is improved by the negative\ncorrelation. A critical comparison is made between the present study and\nprevious ones employing the Gaussian approximation for the correlated\nvariability due to multiplicative noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "From Particle Currents to Tracer Diffusion: Universal Correlation\n  Profiles in Single-File Dynamics: Single-file transport refers to the motion of particles in a narrow channel,\nsuch that they cannot bypass each other. This constraint leads to strong\ncorrelations between the particles, described by correlation profiles, which\nmeasure the correlation between a generic observable and the density of\nparticles at a given position and time. They have recently been shown to play a\ncentral role in single-file systems. Up to now, these correlations have only\nbeen determined for diffusive systems in the hydrodynamic limit. Here, we\nconsider a model of reflecting point particles on the infinite line, with a\ngeneral individual stochastic dynamics. We show that the correlation profiles\ntake a simple universal form, at arbitrary time. We illustrate our approach by\nthe study of the integrated current of particles through the origin, and apply\nour results to representative models such as Brownian particles, run-and-tumble\nparticles and L\\'evy flights. We further emphasise the generality of our\nresults by showing that they also apply beyond the 1d case, and to other\nobservables.",
        "positive": "Theory of the Three-Group Evolutionary Minority Game: Based on the adiabatic theory for the evolutionary minority game (EMG) that\nwe proposed earlier[1], we perform a detail analysis of the EMG limited to\nthree groups of agents. We derive a formula for the critical point of the\ntransition from segregation (into opposing groups) to clustering (towards\ncautious behaviors). Particular to the three-group EMG, the strategy switching\nin the \"extreme\" group does not occur at every losing step and is strongly\nintermittent. This leads to an correction to the critical value of the number\nof agents at the transition, $N_c$. Our expression for $N_c$ is in agreement\nwith the results obtained from our numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation relations for dissipative systems in constant external\n  magnetic field: theory and molecular dynamics simulations: It has recently been pointed out that Hamiltonian particle systems in\nconstant magnetic fields satisfy generalized time-reversal symmetries that\nenable to prove useful statistical relationships based on equilibrium\nphase-space probability distributions without the need to invert, as commonly\nconsidered necessary, the magnetic field. Among these relations, that hold\nwithout need of Casimir modifications, one finds the standard linear response\nGreen-Kubo relations, and consequently the Onsager reciprocal relations. Going\nbeyond linear response is also possible, for instance in terms of transient and\nsteady state Fluctuation Relations (FRs). Here we highlight how the generalized\ntime-reversal symmetries ensure that the (transient) FRs theory directly\napplies also for systems in external magnetic fields. Furthermore we show that\ntransient FR can indeed be verified in nonequilibrium molecular dynamics\nsimulations, for systems subjected to magnetic and electric fields, which are\nthermostatted \\`a la Nos\\'e-Hoover. The result is nontrivial because, since it\nis not immediate within which sizes and time scales the effects can actually be\nobservable, it is not obvious what one may obtain by real molecular dynamics\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Energetics and efficiency of a molecular motor model: The energetics and efficiency of a linear molecular motor model proposed by\nMogilner et al. (Phys. Lett. 237, 297 (1998)) is analyzed from an analytical\npoint of view. The model which is based on protein friction with a track is\ndescribed by coupled Langevin equations for the motion in combination with\ncoupled master equations for the ATP hydrolysis. Here the energetics and\nefficiency of the motor is addressed using a many body scheme with focus on the\nefficiency at maximum power (EMP). It is found that the EMP is reduced from\nabout 10 pct in a heuristic description of the motor to about 1 per mille when\nincorporating the full motor dynamics, owing to the strong dissipation\nassociated with the motor action."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Manifestations of the onset of chaos in condensed matter and complex\n  systems: We review the occurrence of the patterns of the onset of chaos in\nlow-dimensional nonlinear dissipative systems in leading topics of condensed\nmatter physics and complex systems of various disciplines. We consider the\ndynamics associated with the attractors at period-doubling accumulation points\nand at tangent bifurcations to describe features of glassy dynamics, critical\nfluctuations and localization transitions. We recall that trajectories\npertaining to the routes to chaos form families of time series that are readily\ntransformed into networks via the Horizontal Visibility algorithm, and this in\nturn facilitates establish connections between entropy and Renormalization\nGroup properties. We discretize the replicator equation of game theory to\nobserve the onset of chaos in familiar social dilemmas, and also to mimic the\nevolution of high-dimensional ecological models. We describe an analytical\nframework of nonlinear mappings that reproduce rank distributions of large\nclasses of data (including Zipf's law). We extend the discussion to point out a\ncommon circumstance of drastic contraction of configuration space driven by the\nattractors of these mappings. We mention the relation of generalized entropy\nexpressions with the dynamics along and at the period doubling, intermittency\nand quasi-periodic routes to chaos. Finally, we refer to additional natural\nphenomena in complex systems where these conditions may manifest.",
        "positive": "Extreme Events for Fractional Brownian Motion with Drift: Theory and\n  Numerical Validation: We study the first-passage time, the distribution of the maximum, and the\nabsorption probability of fractional Brownian motion of Hurst parameter $H$\nwith both a linear and a non-linear drift. The latter appears naturally when\napplying non-linear variable transformations. Via a perturbative expansion in\n$\\epsilon = H-1/2$, we give the first-order corrections to the classical result\nfor Brownian motion analytically. Using a recently introduced adaptive\nbisection algorithm, which is much more efficient than the standard\nDavies-Harte algorithm, we test our predictions for the first-passage time on\ngrids of effective sizes up to $N_{\\rm eff}=2^{28}\\approx 2.7\\times 10^{8}$\npoints. The agreement between theory and simulations is excellent, and by far\nexceeds in precision what can be obtained by scaling alone."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Asymptotic analysis of target fluxes in the three-dimensional narrow\n  capture problem: We develop an asymptotic analysis of target fluxes in the three-dimensional\n(3D) narrow capture problem. The latter concerns a diffusive search process in\nwhich the targets are much smaller than the size of the search domain. The\nsmall target assumption allows us to use matched asymptotic expansions and\nGreen's functions to solve the diffusion equation in Laplace space. In\nparticular, we derive an asymptotic expansion of the Laplace transformed flux\ninto each target in powers of the non-dimensionalized target size $\\epsilon$.\nOne major advantage of working directly with fluxes is that one can generate\nstatistical quantities such as splitting probabilities and conditional first\npassage time moments without having to solve a separate boundary value problem\nin each case. However, in order to derive asymptotic expansions of these\nquantities, it is necessary to eliminate Green's function singularities that\narise in the limit $s\\rightarrow 0$, where $s$ is the Laplace variable. We\nachieve this by considering a triple expansion in $\\epsilon$, $s$ and\n$\\Lambda\\sim \\epsilon /s$. This allows us to perform partial summations over\ninfinite power series in $\\Lambda$, which leads to multiplicative factors of\nthe form $\\Lambda^n/(1+\\Lambda)^n $. Since $\\Lambda^n/(1+\\Lambda)^n \\rightarrow\n1$ as $s\\rightarrow 0$, the singularities in $s$ are eliminated. We then show\nhow corresponding asymptotic expansions of the splitting probabilities and\nconditional MFPTs can be derived in the small-$s$ limit. Finally, we illustrate\nthe theory by considering a pair of targets in a spherical search domain, for\nwhich the Green's functions can be calculated explicitly.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of Granular Stratification: Spontaneous stratification in granular mixtures has been recently reported by\nH. A. Makse et al. [Nature 386, 379 (1997)]. Here we study experimentally the\ndynamical processes leading to spontaneous stratification. Using a high-speed\nvideo camera, we study a rapid flow regime where the rolling grains size\nsegregate during the avalanche. We characterize the dynamical process of\nstratification by measuring all relevant quantities: the velocity of the\nrolling grains, the velocity of the kink, the wavelength of the layers, the\nrate of collision between rolling and static grains, and all the angles of\nrepose characterizing the mixture. The wavelength of the layers behaves\nlinearly with the thickness of the layer of rolling grains (i.e., with the flow\nrate), in agreement with theoretical predictions. The velocity profile of the\ngrains in the rolling phase is a linear function of the position of the grains\nalong the moving layer. We also find that the speed of the upward-moving kink\nhas the same value as the mean speed of the downward-moving grains. We measure\nthe shape and size of the kink, as well as the profiles of the rolling and\nstatic phases of grains, and find agreement with recent theoretical\npredictions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bounds of efficiency at maximum power for linear, superlinear and\n  sublinear irreversible Carnot-like heat engines: The efficiency at maximum power (EMP) of irreversible Carnot-like heat\nengines is investigated based on the weak endoreversible assumption and the\nphenomenologically irreversible thermodynamics. It is found that the weak\nendoreversible assumption can reduce to the conventional one for the heat\nengines working at maximum power. Carnot-like heat engines are classified into\nthree types (linear, superlinear, and sublinear) according to different\ncharacteristics of constitutive relations between the heat transfer rate and\nthe thermodynamic force. The EMPs of Carnot-like heat engines are proved to be\nbounded between $\\eta_C/2$ and $\\eta_C/(2-\\eta_C)$ for the linear type, 0 and\n$\\eta_C/(2-\\eta_C)$ for the superlinear type, and $\\eta_C/2$ and $\\eta_C$ for\nthe sublinear type, respectively, where $\\eta_C$ is the Carnot efficiency.",
        "positive": "Excited State Quantum Phase Transitions Studied from a Non-Hermitian\n  Perspective: A main distinguishing feature of non-Hermitian quantum mechanics is the\npresence of exceptional points (EPs). They correspond to the coalescence of two\nenergy levels and their respective eigenvectors. Here, we use the\nLipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model as a testbed to explore the strong connection\nbetween EPs and the onset of excited state quantum phase transitions (ESQPTs).\nWe show that for finite systems, the exact degeneracies (EPs) obtained with the\nnon-Hermitian LMG Hamiltonian continued into the complex plane are directly\nlinked with the avoided crossings that characterize the ESQPTs for the real\n(physical) LMG Hamiltonian. The values of the complex control parameter\n$\\alpha$ that lead to the EPs approach the real axis as the system size\n$N\\rightarrow \\infty$. This happens for both, the EPs that are close to the\nseparatrix that marks the ESQPT and also for those that are far away, although\nin the latter case, the rate the imaginary part of $\\alpha$ reduces to zero as\n$N$ increases is smaller. With the method of Pad\\'e approximants, we can\nextract the critical value of $\\alpha$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Theory of synchronisation and pattern formation on time varying networks: Synchronisation and pattern formation have been intensely addressed for\nsystems evolving on static networks. Extending the study to include the\ninherent ability of the network to adjust over time proved cumbersome and led\nto conclusions which lack of generality, as relying on peculiar assumptions.\nHere, the master stability formalism is extended to account, in a thoroughly\ngeneral prospect, for the additional contributions as stemming from the time\nevolution of the underlying network. The theory is successfully challenged\nagainst two illustrative testbeds, which can be respectively ascribed to\nsynchronisation and Turing settings.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics for Nonlinearity in Canonical Ensemble: For classical discrete systems under constant composition, typically referred\nto as substitutional alloys, we propose basic frameworks that provide\nthermodynamic treatment of nonlinearity in canonical ensemble, i.e., nonlinear\ncorrespondence between a set of many-body interaction and equilibrium\nconfiguration through canonical average. We see that stochastic system\nevolution driven by the nonlinearity itself can be naturally transformed into\nsystem evolution contacting with a single thermal bath. This transformation\nenables bridge two different concepts of the local nonlinearity on\nconfiguration space and non-local nonlinearity on statistical manifold\npreviously introduced: We derive relationships between nonlinearity evolution\non statistical manifold and heat inflow through system evolution driven by the\nnonlinearity on cofiguration space. Owing to the transformation, we find upper\nbound for the average of the nonlinearity evolution, which is characterized by\nentropy production of ideally linear system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards a Macroscopic Modelling of the Complexity in Traffic Flow: We present a macroscopic traffic flow model that extends existing fluid-like\nmodels by an additional term containing the second derivative of the safe\nvelocity. Two qualitatively different shapes of the safe velocity are explored:\na conventional Fermi-type function and a function exhibiting a plateau at\nintermediate densities. The suggested model shows an extremely rich dynamical\nbehaviour and shows many features found in real-world traffic data.",
        "positive": "Symmetry breaking and phase coexistence in a driven diffusive\n  two-channel system: We consider classical hard-core particles moving on two parallel chains in\nthe same direction. An interaction between the channels is included via the\nhopping rates. For a ring, the stationary state has a product form. For the\ncase of coupling to two reservoirs, it is investigated analytically and\nnumerically. In addition to the known one-channel phases, two new regions are\nfound, in particular the one, where the total density is fixed, but the filling\nof the individual chains changes back and forth, with a preference for strongly\ndifferent densities. The corresponding probability distribution is determined\nand shown to have an universal form. The phase diagram and general aspects of\nthe problem are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Enhancement of structural rearrangement in glassy systems under shear\n  flow: We extend the analysis of the mean field schematic model recently introduced\nfor the description of glass forming liquids to the case of a supercooled fluid\nsubjected to a shear flow of rate $\\gamma$. After quenching the system to a low\ntemperature $T$, a slow glassy regime is observed before stationarity is\nachieved at the characteristic time $\\tau_g$. $\\tau_g$ is of the order of the\nusual equilibration time without shear $\\tau_g^o$ for weak shear, $\\gamma\n\\tau_g ^o<1$. For larger shear, $\\gamma \\tau_g ^o>1$, local rearrangement of\ndense regions is instead enhanced by the flow, and $\\tau_g \\simeq 1/(T\\gamma)$.",
        "positive": "Boundary driven zero-range processes in random media: The stationary states of boundary driven zero-range processes in random media\nwith quenched disorder are examined, and the motion of a tagged particle is\nanalyzed. For symmetric transition rates, also known as the random barrier\nmodel, the stationary state is found to be trivial in absence of boundary\ndrive. Out of equilibrium, two further cases are distinguished according to the\ntail of the disorder distribution. For strong disorder, the fugacity profiles\nare found to be governed by the paths of normalized $\\alpha$-stable\nsubordinators. The expectations of integrated functions of the tagged particle\nposition are calculated for three types of routes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Equation of state for all regimes of a fluid: from gas to liquid: The study of Mayer's cluster expansion (CE) for the partition function\ndemonstrates a possible way to resolve the problem of the CE non-physical\nbehavior at condensed states of fluids. In particular, a general equation of\nstate is derived for finite closed systems of interacting particles, where the\npressure is expressed directly in terms of the density (or system volume) and\ntemperature-volume dependent reducible cluster integrals. Although its accuracy\nis now greatly affected by the limited character of the existing data on the\nreducible cluster integrals and, especially, the absence of any information on\ntheir density dependence, a number of simple approximations indicate the\nqualitative adequacy of this equation in various regimes of a fluid: from\ngaseous to liquid states (including the transition region).",
        "positive": "Hybrid soft-mode and off-center Ti model of barium titanate: It has been recently established by NMR techniques that in the high\ntemperature cubic phase of BaTiO$_3$ the Ti ions are not confined to the high\nsymmetry cubic sites, but rather occupy one of the eight off-center positions\nalong the $[111]$ directions. The off-center Ti picture is in apparent contrast\nwith most soft-mode type theoretical descriptions of this classical perovskite\nferroelectric. Here we apply a mesoscopic model of BaTiO$_3$, assuming that the\nsymmetrized occupation operators for the Ti off-center sites are linearly\ncoupled to the normal coordinates for lattice vibrations. On the time scale of\nTi intersite jumps, most phonon modes are fast and thus merely contribute to an\neffective static Ti-Ti interaction. Close to the stability limit for the soft\nTO optic modes, however, the phonon time scale becomes comparable to the\nrelaxation time for the Ti occupational states of $T_{1u}$ symmetry, and a\nhybrid vibrational-orientational soft mode appears. The frequency of the hybrid\nsoft mode is calculated as a function of temperature and coupling strength, and\nits its role in the ferroelectric phase transition is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiscaling in Ising quantum chains with random Hilhorst-van Leeuwen\n  perturbations: We consider the influence on the surface critical behaviour of a quantum\nIsing chain of quenched random surface perturbations decaying as a power of the\ndistance from the surface (random Hilhorst-van Leeuwen models). We study,\nanalytically and numerically, the multiscaling behaviour of the surface\nmagnetization and the surface energy density in the case of marginal\nperturbations.",
        "positive": "Giant spin current rectification due to the interplay of negative\n  differential conductance and a non-uniform magnetic field: In XXZ chains, spin transport can be significantly suppressed when the\ninteractions in the chain and the bias of the dissipative driving are large\nenough. This phenomenon of negative differential conductance is caused by the\nformation of two oppositely polarized ferromagnetic domains at the edges of the\nchain. Here we show that this many-body effect, combined with a non-uniform\nmagnetic field, can allow a high degree of control of the spin current. In\nparticular, by studying all the possible combinations of a dichotomous local\nmagnetic field, we found that a configuration in which the magnetic field\npoints up for half of the chain and down for the other half, can result in\ngiant spin-current rectification, for example up to $10^8$ for a system with\n$8$ spins. Our results show clear indications that the rectification can\nincrease with the system size."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rheological properties for inelastic Maxwell mixtures under shear flow: The Boltzmann equation for inelastic Maxwell models is considered to\ndetermine the rheological properties in a granular binary mixture in the simple\nshear flow state. The transport coefficients (shear viscosity and viscometric\nfunctions) are {\\em exactly} evaluated in terms of the coefficients of\nrestitution, the (reduced) shear rate and the parameters of the mixture\n(particle masses, diameters and concentration). The results show that in\ngeneral, for a given value of the coefficients of restitution, the above\ntransport properties decrease with increasing shear rate.",
        "positive": "Negative mobility of a Brownian particle: strong damping regime: We study impact of inertia on directed transport of a Brownian particle under\nnon-equilibrium conditions: the particle moves in a one-dimensional periodic\nand symmetric potential, is driven by both an unbiased time-periodic force and\na constant force, and is coupled to a thermostat of temperature T. Within\nselected parameter regimes this system exhibits negative mobility, which means\nthat the particle moves in the direction opposite to the direction of the\nconstant force. It is known that in such a setup the inertial term is essential\nfor the emergence of negative mobility and it cannot be detected in the\nlimiting case of overdamped dynamics. We analyse inertial effects and show that\nnegative mobility can be observed even in the strong damping regime. We\ndetermine the optimal dimensionless mass for the presence of negative mobility\nand reveal three mechanisms standing behind this anomaly: deterministic\nchaotic, thermal noise induced and deterministic non-chaotic. The last origin\nhas never been reported. It may provide guidance to the possibility of\nobservation of negative mobility for strongly damped dynamics which is of\nfundamental importance from the point of view of biological systems, all of\nwhich in situ operate in fluctuating environments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ising model with stochastic resetting: We study the stationary properties of the Ising model that, while evolving\ntowards its equilibrium state at temperature $T$ according to the Glauber\ndynamics, is stochastically reset to its fixed initial configuration with\nmagnetisation $m_0$ at a constant rate $r$. Resetting breaks detailed balance\nand drives the system to a non-equilibrium stationary state where the\nmagnetisation acquires a nontrivial distribution, leading to a rich phase\ndiagram in the $(T,r)$ plane. We establish these results exactly in\none-dimension and present scaling arguments supported by numerical simulations\nin two-dimensions. We show that resetting gives rise to a novel \"pseudo-ferro\"\nphase in the $(T,r)$ plane for $r > r^*(T)$ and $T>T_c$ where $r^*(T)$ is a\ncrossover line separating the pseudo-ferro phase from a paramagnetic phase.\nThis pseudo-ferro phase is characterised by a non-zero typical magnetisation\nand a vanishing gap near $m=0$ of the magnetisation distribution.",
        "positive": "Emergence of Secondary Motifs in Tube-Like Polymers in a Solvent: We study the effects of two kinds of interactions in tube-like polymers and\ndemonstrate that they result in the formation of secondary motifs. The first\nhas an entropic origin and is a measure of the effective space available to the\nsolvent. The second arises from solvophobic interactions of the solvent with\nthe polymers and leads to an energy proportional to the contact surface between\nthe tube and solvent particles. The solvent molecules are modeled as hard\nspheres and the two interactions are considered separately with the solvent\ndensity affecting their relative strength. In addition to analytical\ncalculations, we present the results of numerical simulations in order to\nunderstand the role played by the finite length of short polymers and the\ndiscrete versus continuum descriptions of the system in determining the\npreferred conformation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Linear Irreversible Thermodynamics and Onsager Reciprocity for\n  Information-driven Engines: In the recent progress in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, information has been\nrecognized as a kind of thermodynamic resource that can drive thermodynamic\ncurrent without any direct energy injection. In this paper, we establish the\nframework of linear irreversible thermodynamics for a broad class of autonomous\ninformation processing. In particular, we prove that the Onsager reciprocity\nholds true with information: The linear response matrix is well-defined, and is\nshown symmetric with both of the information affinity and the conventional\nthermodynamic affinity. As an application, we derive a universal bound for the\nefficiency at maximum power for information-driven engines in the linear\nregime. Our result reveals the fundamental role of information flow in linear\nirreversible thermodynamics, and would be applicable to study the role of\ninformation in biological systems.",
        "positive": "Controlling the speed and trajectory of evolution with counterdiabatic\n  driving: The pace and unpredictability of evolution are critically relevant in a\nvariety of modern challenges: combating drug resistance in pathogens and\ncancer, understanding how species respond to environmental perturbations like\nclimate change, and developing artificial selection approaches for agriculture.\nGreat progress has been made in quantitative modeling of evolution using\nfitness landscapes, allowing a degree of prediction for future evolutionary\nhistories. Yet fine-grained control of the speed and the distributions of these\ntrajectories remains elusive. We propose an approach to achieve this using\nideas originally developed in a completely different context: counterdiabatic\ndriving to control the behavior of quantum states for applications like quantum\ncomputing and manipulating ultra-cold atoms. Implementing these ideas for the\nfirst time in a biological context, we show how a set of external control\nparameters (i.e. varying drug concentrations / types, temperature, nutrients)\ncan guide the probability distribution of genotypes in a population along a\nspecified path and time interval. This level of control, allowing empirical\noptimization of evolutionary speed and trajectories, has myriad potential\napplications, from enhancing adaptive therapies for diseases, to the\ndevelopment of thermotolerant crops in preparation for climate change, to\naccelerating bioengineering methods built on evolutionary models, like directed\nevolution of biomolecules."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lattice Model of Sweeping Interface for Drying Process in Water-Granule\n  Mixture: Based on the invasion percolation model, a lattice model for the sweeping\ninterface dynamics is constructed to describe the pattern forming process by a\nsweeping interface upon drying the water-granule mixture. The model is shown to\nproduce labyrinthine patterns similar to those found in the experiment[Yamazaki\nand Mizuguchi, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. \\textbf{69} (2000) 2387]. Upon changing the\ninitial granular density, resulting patterns undergo the percolation\ntransition, but estimated critical exponents are different from those of the\nconventional percolation. Loopless structure of clusters in the patterns\nproduced by the sweeping dynamics seems to influence the nature of the\ntransition.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Chemical Reaction Networks: Wisdom from\n  Stochastic Thermodynamics: We build a rigorous nonequilibrium thermodynamic description for open\nchemical reaction networks of elementary reactions. Their dynamics is described\nby deterministic rate equations satisfying mass action law. Our most general\nframework considers open networks driven by time-dependent chemostats. The\nenergy and entropy balances are established and a nonequilibrium Gibbs free\nenergy is introduced. The difference between this latter and its equilibrium\nform represents the minimal work done by the chemostats to bring the network in\nits nonequilibrium state. It is minimized in nondriven detailed-balanced\nnetworks (i.e. networks which relax to equilibrium states) and has an\ninteresting information-theoretic interpretation. We further show that the\nentropy production of complex balanced networks (i.e. networks which relax to\nspecial kinds of nonequilibrium steady states) splits into two non-negative\ncontributions. One charaterizing the dissipation of the nonequilibrium steady\nstate and the other the transients due to relaxation and driving. Our theory\nlays the path to study time-dependent energy and information transduction in\nbiochemical networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergent Chirality and Current Generation: We investigate the phenomenon of producing vibration-induced rotational\nmotion in a cylinder filled with achiral rods and being vibrated by an external\ndrive. The arrangement of the rods develops chirality as a result of the\ninteraction of gravity and steric hindrance, which is responsible for the\ninduced motion. A two-rod arrangement is sufficient to generate a persistent\nmotion. The average angular velocity $\\langle \\omega \\rangle$ of the rods at\nlong times varies non-monotonically with the packing fraction $\\phi$ for a\ngiven drive strength $\\Gamma$. Though the precise nature of the variation of\n$\\langle \\omega \\rangle$ with $\\phi$ depends on the details of the interaction\nbetween individual rods, its general characteristics hold true for rods of\nvarious materials and geometries. A stochastic model based on the asymmetric\nsimple exclusion process helps in understanding the key features of our\nexperiments.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation Theorem for Quasi-Integrable Systems: A Fluctuation Theorem (FT), both Classical and Quantum, describes the\nlarge-deviations in the approach to equilibrium of an isolated quasi-integrable\nsystem. Two characteristics make it unusual: (i) it concerns the internal\ndynamics of an isolated system without external drive, and (ii) unlike the\nusual FT, the system size, or the time, need not be small for the relation to\nbe relevant, provided the system is close to integrability. As an example, in\nthe Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chain, the relation gives information on the ratio of\nprobability of death to resurrection of solitons. For a coarse-grained system\nthe FT describes how the system `skis' down the (minus) entropy landscape:\nalways descending but generically not along a gradient line."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tsallis thermostatics as a statistical physics of random chains: In this paper we point out that the generalized statistics of\nTsallis-Havrda-Charv\\'at can be conveniently used as a conceptual framework for\nstatistical treatment of random chains. In particular, we use the path-integral\napproach to show that the ensuing partition function can be identified with the\npartition function of a fluctuating oriented random loop of arbitrary length\nand shape in a background scalar potential. To put some meat on the bare bones,\nwe illustrate this with two statistical systems; Schultz-Zimm polymer and\nrelativistic particle. Further salient issues such as the $PSL(2;R)$\ntransformation properties of Tsallis' inverse-temperature parameter and a\ngrandcanonical ensemble of fluctuating random loops related to the\nTsallis-Havrda-Charv\\'at statistics are also briefly discussed.",
        "positive": "Thinking transport as a twist: The determination of the conductivity of a deterministic or stochastic\nclassical system coupled to reservoirs at its ends can in general be mapped\nonto the problem of computing the stiffness (the `energy' cost of twisting the\nboundaries) of a quantum-like operator. The nature of the coupling to the\nreservoirs determines the details of the mechanical coupling of the torque at\nthe ends."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evaluation of the Multiplane Method for Efficient Simulations of\n  Reaction Networks: Reaction networks in the bulk and on surfaces are widespread in physical,\nchemical and biological systems. In macroscopic systems, which include large\npopulations of reactive species, stochastic fluctuations are negligible and the\nreaction rates can be evaluated using rate equations. However, many physical\nsystems are partitioned into microscopic domains, where the number of molecules\nin each domain is small and fluctuations are strong. Under these conditions,\nthe simulation of reaction networks requires stochastic methods such as direct\nintegration of the master equation. However, direct integration of the master\nequation is infeasible for complex networks, because the number of equations\nproliferates as the number of reactive species increases. Recently, the\nmultiplane method, which provides a dramatic reduction in the number of\nequations, was introduced [A. Lipshtat and O. Biham, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93,\n170601 (2004)]. The reduction is achieved by breaking the network into a set of\nmaximal fully connected sub-networks (maximal cliques). Lower-dimensional\nmaster equations are constructed for the marginal probability distributions\nassociated with the cliques, with suitable couplings between them. In this\npaper we test the multiplane method and examine its applicability. We show that\nthe method is accurate in the limit of small domains, where fluctuations are\nstrong. It thus provides an efficient framework for the stochastic simulation\nof complex reaction networks with strong fluctuations, for which rate equations\nfail and direct integration of the master equation is infeasible. The method\nalso applies in the case of large domains, where it converges to the rate\nequation results.",
        "positive": "Structures of nonequilibrium fluctuations: dissipation and activity: We discuss research done in two important areas of nonequilibrium statistical\nmechanics: fluctuation dissipation relations and dynamical fluctuations. In\nequilibrium systems the fluctuation-dissipation theorem gives a simple relation\nbetween the response of observables to a perturation and correlation functions\nin the unperturbed system. Our contribution here is an investigation of the\nform of the response function for systems out of equilibrium. Furthermore, we\nuse the theory of large deviations to examine dynamical fluctuations in systems\nout of equilibrium. In dynamical fluctuation theory we consider two kinds of\nobservables: occupations (describing the fraction of time the system spends in\neach configuration) and currents (describing the changes of configuration the\nsystem makes). We explain how to compute the rate functions of the large\ndeviations, and what the physical quantities are that govern their form."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Continuum time limit and stationary states of the Minority Game: We discuss in detail the derivation of stochastic differential equations for\nthe continuum time limit of the Minority Game. We show that all properties of\nthe Minority Game can be understood by a careful theoretical analysis of such\nequations. In particular, i) we confirm that the stationary state properties\nare given by the ground state configurations of a disordered (soft) spin\nsystem; ii) we derive the full stationary state distribution; iii) we\ncharacterize the dependence on initial conditions in the symmetric phase and\niv) we clarify the behavior of the system as a function of the learning rate.\nThis leaves us with a complete and coherent picture of the collective behavior\nof the Minority Game. Strikingly we find that the temperature like parameter\nwhich is introduced in the choice behavior of individual agents turns out to\nplay the role, at the collective level, of the inverse of a thermodynamic\ntemperature.",
        "positive": "Special flow model for passive particle transport considering internal\n  noise: We have generalized the semi-analytic approach of special flow to the\ndescription of flows of passive particles taking into account internal noise.\nThe model is represented by a series of recurrence relations. The recurrence\nrelations are constructed by numerically solving the Langevin equations in the\npresence of a random force, for an ensemble of passive particles during\ntransport through a secluded cell. This approach allows us to estimate the\ntransit time dependence near stagnation points for fluid elements carried by\nthe flow. Such estimates are obtained for the most important types of\nstagnation points. It is shown that macroscopic transport of an ensemble of\nparticles through such a lattice is possible only when internal noise is taken\ninto account. For Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise at low intensity the transit\ntime has one peak, which is a consequence of the existence of vortices of one\nstagnation point. Increase of noise intensity leads to slowing down of particle\ntransport."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analysis of the 3d massive renormalization group perturbative\n  expansions: a delicate case: The effectiveness of the perturbative renormalization group approach at fixed\nspace dimension d in the theory of critical phenomena is analyzed. Three models\nare considered: the O(N) model, the cubic model and the antiferromagnetic model\ndefined on the stacked triangular lattice. We consider all models at fixed d=3\nand analyze the resummation procedures currently used to compute the critical\nexponents. We first show that, for the O(N) model, the resummation does not\neliminate all non-physical (spurious) fixed points (FPs). Then the dependence\nof spurious as well as of the Wilson-Fisher FPs on the resummation parameters\nis carefully studied. The critical exponents at the Wilson-Fisher FP show a\nweak dependence on the resummation parameters. On the contrary, the exponents\nat the spurious FP as well as its very existence are strongly dependent on\nthese parameters. For the cubic model, a new stable FP is found and its\nproperties depend also strongly on the resummation parameters. It appears to be\nspurious, as expected. As for the frustrated models, there are two cases\ndepending on the value of the number of spin components. When N is greater than\na critical value Nc, the stable FP shows common characteristic with the\nWilson-Fisher FP. On the contrary, for N<Nc, the results obtained at the stable\nFP are similar to those obtained at the spurious FPs of the O(N) and cubic\nmodels. We conclude from this analysis that the stable FP found for N<Nc in\nfrustrated models is spurious. Since Nc>3, we conclude that the transitions for\nXY and Heisenberg frustrated magnets are of first order.",
        "positive": "Mean Field Theory for Pedestrian Outflow through an Exit: An average pedestrian flow through an exit is one of the most important index\nin evaluating pedestrian dynamics. In order to study the flow in detail, the\nfloor field model, which is a crowd model by using cellular automaton, is\nextended by taking into account a realistic behavior of pedestrians around the\nexit. The model is studied by both numerical simulations and cluster analysis\nto obtain a theoretical expression of an average pedestrian flow through the\nexit. It is found quantitatively that the effect of exit door width, a wall,\nand pedestrian's mood of competition or cooperation significantly influence the\naverage flow. The results show that there is suitable width of the exit and\nposition according to pedestrian's mood."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Parameters of the fractional Fokker-Planck equation: We study the connection between the parameters of the fractional\nFokker-Planck equation, which is associated with the overdamped Langevin\nequation driven by noise with heavy-tailed increments, and the transition\nprobability density of the noise generating process. Explicit expressions for\nthese parameters are derived both for finite and infinite variance of the\nrescaled transition probability density.",
        "positive": "Asymmetric Langevin dynamics for the ferromagnetic spherical model: The present work pursues the investigation of the role of spatial asymmetry\nand irreversibility on the dynamical properties of spin systems. We consider\nthe ferromagnetic spherical model with asymmetric linear Langevin dynamics.\nSuch an asymmetric dynamics is irreversible, i.e., breaks detailed balance,\nbecause the principle of action and reaction is violated. The\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem therefore no longer holds. The stationary state\nis however still Gibbsian, i.e., the weights of configurations are given by the\nBoltzmann factor corresponding to the ferromagnetic Hamiltonian. The model is\nexactly solvable in any dimension, enabling an analytical evaluation of\ntime-dependent observables. We show the existence of two regimes of violation\nof the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in the nonequilibrium stationary state:\na regime of weak violation where the stationary fluctuation-dissipation ratio\nis finite but less than unity and varies continuously with the asymmetry, and a\nregime of strong violation where the fluctuation-dissipation ratio vanishes\nasymptotically. This phenomenon was first uncovered in the asymmetric kinetic\nIsing chain. The present results suggest that this novel kind of dynamical\ntransition in nonequilibrium stationary states might be quite general. We also\nperform a systematic analysis of several regimes of interest, either stationary\nor transient, in various dimensions and in the different phases of the model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "One-dimensional annihilating random walk with long-range interaction: We study the annihilating random walk with long-range interaction in one\ndimension. Each particle performs random walks on a one-dimensional ring in\nsuch a way that the probability of hopping toward the nearest particle is $W=\n[1 - \\epsilon (x+\\mu)^{-\\sigma}]/2$ (the probability of moving away from its\nnearest particle is $1-W$), where $x$ is the distance from the hopping particle\nto its nearest particle and $\\epsilon$, $\\mu$, and $\\sigma$ are parameters. For\npositive (negative) $\\epsilon$, a particle is effectively repulsed (attracted)\nby its nearest particle and each hopping is generally biased. On encounter, two\nparticles are immediately removed from the system. We first study the survival\nprobability and the mean spreading behaves in the long-time limit if there are\nonly two particles in the beginning. Then, we study how the density decays to\nzero if all sites are occupied at the outset. We find that the asymptotic\nbehaviors are classified by seven categories: (i) $\\sigma>1$ or $\\epsilon=0$,\n(ii) $\\sigma = 1$ and $2\\epsilon > 1$, (iii) $\\sigma=1$ and $2\\epsilon = 1$,\n(iv) $\\sigma = 1$ and $2\\epsilon < 1$, (v) $\\sigma<1$ and $\\epsilon > 0$, (vi)\n$\\sigma = 0$ and $\\epsilon<0$, and (vii) $0 < \\sigma <1$ and $\\epsilon<0$. The\nasymptotic behaviors in each category are universal in the sense that $\\mu$\n(and sometimes $\\epsilon$) cannot affect the asymptotic behaviors.",
        "positive": "Structurally constrained protein evolution: results from a lattice\n  simulation: We simulate the evolution of a protein-like sequence subject to point\nmutations, imposing conservation of the ground state, thermodynamic stability\nand fast folding. Our model is aimed at describing neutral evolution of natural\nproteins. We use a cubic lattice model of the protein structure and test the\nneutrality conditions by extensive Monte Carlo simulations. We observe that\nsequence space is traversed by neutral networks, i.e. sets of sequences with\nthe same fold connected by point mutations. Typical pairs of sequences on a\nneutral network are nearly as different as randomly chosen sequences. The\nfraction of neutral neighbors has strong sequence to sequence variations, which\ninfluence the rate of neutral evolution. In this paper we study the\nthermodynamic stability of different protein sequences. We relate the high\nvariability of the fraction of neutral mutations to the complex energy\nlandscape within a neutral network, arguing that valleys in this landscape are\nassociated to high values of the neutral mutation rate. We find that when a\npoint mutation produces a sequence with a new ground state, this is likely to\nhave a low stability. Thus we tentatively conjecture that neutral networks of\ndifferent structures are typically well separated in sequence space. This\nresults indicates that changing significantly a protein structure through a\nbiologically acceptable chain of point mutations is a rare, although possible,\nevent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Curvature autocorrelations in domain growth dynamics: We show how the interface curvature autocorrelation function (ICAF) and\nassociated structure factor (ICSF), of relevance in non-equilibrium\npattern-formation problems where sharp interfaces are present, provide new and\ninteresting information on domain structure, as yet not visible via the\norder-parameter structure factor (OPSF). This is done by discussing numerical\nsimulations of model A (non-conserved relaxational phase-ordering kinetics) in\ntwo-dimensional systems. The ICAF is Gaussian over short distances and exhibits\ndynamical scaling and $t^{1/2}$ power-law growth. We use it to show what the\ntypical length-scale in the model A dynamics corresponds to physically and how\nit can be obtained uniquely, rather than simply within a multiplicative\nconstant. Experimental methods to measure the ICAF and/or ICSF are still needed\nat this point.",
        "positive": "Reweighting non-equilibrium steady-state dynamics along collective\n  variables: Computer simulations generate microscopic trajectories of complex systems at\na single thermodynamic state point. We recently introduced a Maximum Caliber\n(MaxCal) approach for dynamical reweighting. Our approach mapped these\ntrajectories to a Markovian description on the configurational coordinates, and\nreweighted path probabilities as a function of external forces. Trajectory\nprobabilities can be dynamically reweighted both from and to equilibrium or\nnon-equilibrium steady states. As the system's dimensionality increases, an\nexhaustive description of the microtrajectories becomes prohibitive--even with\na Markovian assumption. Instead we reduce the dimensionality of the\nconfigurational space to collective variables (CVs). Going from configurational\nto CV space, we define local entropy productions derived from configurationally\naveraged mean forces. The entropy production is shown to be a suitable\nconstraint on MaxCal for non-equilibrium steady states expressed as a function\nof CVs. We test the reweighting procedure on two systems: a particle subject to\na two-dimensional potential and a coarse-grained peptide. Our CV-based MaxCal\napproach expands dynamical reweighting to larger systems, for both static and\ndynamical properties, and across a large range of driving forces."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Absorbing Phase Transitions of Branching-Annihilating Random Walks: The phase transitions to absorbing states of the branching-annihilating\nreaction-diffusion processes mA --> (m+k)A, nA --> (n-l)A are studied\nsystematically in one space dimension within a new family of models. Four\nuniversality classes of non-trivial critical behavior are found. This provides,\nin particular, the first evidence of universal scaling laws for pair and\ntriplet processes.",
        "positive": "Nematic phase in the J$_1$-J$_2$ square lattice Ising model in an\n  external field: The J$_1$-J$_2$ Ising model in the square lattice in the presence of an\nexternal field is studied by two approaches: the Cluster Variation Method (CVM)\nand Monte Carlo simulations. The use of the CVM in the square approximation\nleads to the presence of a new equilibrium phase, not previously reported for\nthis model: an Ising-nematic phase, which shows orientational order but not\npositional order, between the known stripes and disordered phases. Suitable\norder parameters are defined and the phase diagram of the model is obtained.\nMonte Carlo simulations are in qualitative agreement with the CVM results,\ngiving support to the presence of the new Ising-nematic phase. Phase diagrams\nin the temperature-external field plane are obtained for selected values of the\nparameter $\\kappa=J_2/|J_1|$ which measures the relative strength of the\ncompeting interactions. From the CVM in the square approximation we obtain a\nline of second order transitions between the disordered and nematic phases,\nwhile the nematic-stripes phase transitions are found to be of first order. The\nMonte Carlo results suggest a line of second order nematic-disordered phase\ntransitions in agreement with the CVM results. Regarding the stripes-nematic\ntransitions, the present Monte Carlo results are not precise enough to reach\ndefinite conclusions about the nature of the transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Free energy variational approach for the classical anisotropic XY model\n  in a crystal field: A variational approach for the free energy is used to study the\nthree-dimensional anisotropic XY model in the presence of a crystal field. The\nmagnetization and the phase diagrams as a function of the parameters of the\nHamiltonian are obtained. Some limiting results for isotropic XY and planar\nrotator models in two and three dimensions are analyzed and compared to\nprevious results obtained from analytical approximations as well as from those\nobtained from more reliable approaches such as series expansion and Monte Carlo\nsimulations. It is also shown that from this general variational approach some\nsimple assumptions can drastically simplify the self-consistent implicit\nequations. The validity of the low temperature region of this approach is\nanalyzed and compared to Monte Carlo results as well.",
        "positive": "Stationarity and energy transfer in out-of-equilibrium systems: We define a characteristic energy density based on the measurement of the two\nfirst moments of the extrinsic injected power smoothed over time. Using the\nstationarity, we show that this definition characterizes an energy per degrees\nfreedom of the intrinsic dissipation. Our framework can be applied to systems\nin contact with thermostats put out of equilibrium by an external driving but\nit holds also for intrinsically dissipative macroscopic systems that go at rest\nwhen the forcing is stopped. Moreover, we are not concerned about the\nfluctuations around zero of the smoothed injected power that can be extremely\nrare and difficult to catch experimentally. Then we show that the\ncharacteristic energy density we defined, reduces to the kinetic energy of a\nBrownian-like particle described by a set of Langevin equations with a viscous\ndamping term. The particle can be either in contact with a thermostat or\nintrinsically dissipative and driven by a random force. In the first case, we\nrecover the result obtained in the framework of the fluctuation relation but\nextended to a correlated thermal noise. Our characteristic energy density is\nmeasured in an experimental system of nonlinear waves generated by a large\nshaker in a thin elastic plate. A smaller shaker attached to the moving plate\nis used as a probe to measure the energy exchanged with the plate excited by\nthe large shaker. For both, the proportionality of our characteristic energy\ndensity with the kinetic energy is demonstrated. It is a consequence of the\nviscous damping driving the dissipation in this system. Another system with\nnonlinear frictional dissipation is investigated numerically model. In this\ncase, our definition of energy density deduced from fluctuations of injected\npower still characterizes the dissipation but is no more proportional to the\nkinetic energy because the dissipative process is not a viscous damping."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Presence of energy flux in quantum spin chains: An experimental\n  signature: Using the XXZ model for the description of one-dimensional magnetic materials\nwe show that an energy flux, j_E, produces a shift, dk (j_E)^0.5, in the\ncharacteristic wavenumber of the spin-spin correlations. We estimate dk for a\nrealistic experimental setup and find that it is measurable in inelastic\nneutron scattering experiments.",
        "positive": "Extended hydrodynamics from Enskog's equation: The bidimensional case: A heat conduction problem is studied using extended hydrodynamic equations\nobtained from Enskog's equation for a simple case of two planar systems in\ncontact through a porous wall. One of the systems is in equilibrium and the\nother one in a steady conductive state. The example is used to put to test the\npredictions which has been made with a new thermodynamic formalism."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Controlling the Size of Popcorn: We present a thermo-statistical model of popcorn production and propose a way\nto control the final size of the popcorn by monitoring only the chamber\npressure.",
        "positive": "Non-intersecting Brownian bridges in the flat-to-flat geometry: We study $N$ vicious Brownian bridges propagating from an initial\nconfiguration $\\{a_1 < a_2 < \\ldots< a_N \\}$ at time $t=0$ to a final\nconfiguration $\\{b_1 < b_2 < \\ldots< b_N \\}$ at time $t=t_f$, while staying\nnon-intersecting for all $0\\leq t \\leq t_f$. We first show that this problem\ncan be mapped to a non-intersecting Dyson's Brownian bridges with Dyson index\n$\\beta=2$. For the latter we derive an exact effective Langevin equation that\nallows to generate very efficiently the vicious bridge configurations. In\nparticular, for the flat-to-flat configuration in the large $N$ limit, where\n$a_i = b_i = (i-1)/N$, for $i = 1, \\cdots, N$, we use this effective Langevin\nequation to derive an exact Burgers' equation (in the inviscid limit) for the\nGreen's function and solve this Burgers' equation for arbitrary time $0 \\leq\nt\\leq t_f$. At certain specific values of intermediate times $t$, such as\n$t=t_f/2$, $t=t_f/3$ and $t=t_f/4$ we obtain the average density of the\nflat-to-flat bridge explicitly. We also derive explicitly how the two edges of\nthe average density evolve from time $t=0$ to time $t=t_f$. Finally, we discuss\nconnections to some well known problems, such as the Chern-Simons model, the\nrelated Stieltjes-Wigert orthogonal polynomials and the Borodin-Muttalib\nensemble of determinantal point processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Path Integral Ground State with a Fourth-Order Propagator: Application\n  to Condensed Helium: Ground state properties of condensed Helium are calculated using the Path\nIntegral Ground State (PIGS) method. A fourth-order approximation is used as\nshort (imaginary) time propagator. We compare our results with those obtained\nwith other Quantum Monte Carlo techniques and different propagators. For this\nparticular application, we find that the fourth-order propagator performs\ncomparably to the pair product approximation, and is far superior to the\nprimitive approximation. Results obtained for the equation of state of\ncondensed Helium show that PIGS compares favorably to other QMC methods\ntraditionally utilized for this type of calculation.",
        "positive": "Noneqilibrium Phase Transition in Kinetic Ising Model: Absence of\n  Tricritical behaviour in Presence of Impurities: The nonequilibrium dynamic phase transition, in the two dimensional site\ndiluted kinetic Ising model in presence of an oscillating magnetic field, has\nbeen studied by Monte Carlo simulation. The projections of dynamical phase\nsurface are drawn in the planes formed by the dilution and field amplitude and\nthe plane formed by temperature and field amplitude. The tricritical behaviour\nis found to be absent in this case which was observed in the pure system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Estimating Entropy Production Rates with First-Passage Processes: We consider the problem of estimating the mean entropy production rate in a\nnonequilibrium process from the measurements of first-passage quantities\nassociated with a single current. For first-passage processes with large\nthresholds, Refs. [1, 2] identified a ratio of first-passage observables -\ninvolving the mean first-passage time, the splitting probability, and the\nfirst-passage thresholds - that lower bounds the entropy production rate and is\nan unbiased estimator of the entropy production rate when applied to a current\nthat is proportional to the stochastic entropy production. Here, we show that\nalso at finite thresholds, a finite number of realisations of the\nnonequilibrium process, and for currents that are not proportional to the\nstochastic entropy production, first-passage ratios can accurately estimate the\nrate of dissipation. In particular, first-passage ratios capture a finite\nfraction of the total entropy production rate in regimes far from thermal\nequilibrium where thermodynamic uncertainty ratios capture a negligible\nfraction of the total entropy production rate. Moreover, we show that\nfirst-passage ratios incorporate nonMarkovian statistics in the estimated value\nof the dissipation rate, which are difficult to include in estimates based on\nKullback-Leibler divergences. Taken together, we show that entropy production\nestimation with first-passage ratios is complementary to estimation methods\nbased on thermodynamic uncertainty ratios and Kullback-Leibler divergences.",
        "positive": "Anomalous phase diagram of the elastic interface with non-local\n  hydrodynamic interactions in the presence of quench disorder: We investigate the influence of quenched disorder on the steady states of\ndriven systems of the elastic interface with non-local hydrodynamic\ninteractions. The generalized elastic model (GEM), which has been used to\ncharacterize numerous physical systems such as polymers, membranes, single-file\nsystems, rough interfaces, and fluctuating surfaces, is a standard approach to\nstudying the dynamics of elastic interfaces with non-local hydrodynamic\ninteractions. The criticality and phase transition of the quenched generalized\nelastic model (qGEM) are investigated numerically, and the results are\npresented in a phase diagram spanned by two tuning parameters. We demonstrate\nthat in 1-d disordered driven GEM, three qualitatively different behavior\nregimes are possible with a proper specification of the order parameter (mean\nvelocity) for this system. In the vanishing order parameter regime, the\nsteady-state order parameter approaches zero in the thermodynamic limit. A\nsystem with a non-zero mean velocity can be in either the continuous regime,\nwhich is characterized by a second-order phase transition, or the discontinuous\nregime, which is characterized by a first-order phase transition. The focus of\nthis research was to investigate at the critical scaling features near the\npinning-depinning threshold. The behavior of the quenched generalized elastic\nmodel at the critical depinning force is explored. Near the depinning\nthreshold, the critical exponent obtained numerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Direct simulation of electron transfer using ring polymer molecular\n  dynamics: Comparison with semiclassical instanton theory and exact quantum\n  methods: The use of ring polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) for the direct simulation\nof electron transfer (ET) reaction dynamics is analyzed in the context of\nMarcus theory, semiclassical instanton theory, and exact quantum dynamics\napproaches. For both fully atomistic and system-bath representations of\ncondensed-phase ET, we demonstrate that RPMD accurately predicts both ET\nreaction rates and mechanisms throughout the normal and activationless regimes\nof the thermodynamic driving force. Analysis of the ensemble of reactive RPMD\ntrajectories reveals the solvent reorganization mechanism for ET that is\nanticipated in the Marcus rate theory, and the accuracy of the RPMD rate\ncalculation is understood in terms of its exact description of statistical\nfluctuations and its formal connection to semiclassical instanton theory for\ndeep-tunneling processes. In the inverted regime of the thermodynamic driving\nforce, neither RPMD nor a related formulation of semiclassical instanton theory\ncapture the characteristic turnover in the reaction rate; comparison with exact\nquantum dynamics simulations reveals that these methods provide inadequate\nquantization of the real-time electronic-state dynamics in the inverted regime.",
        "positive": "A mean-field approach applied for the ferromagnetic spin-1 Blume-Capel\n  model: We applied a mean-field approach associated to Monte Carlo simulations in\norder to study the spin-1 ferromagnetic Blume-Capel model in the square and the\nlinear lattice. This new technique, which we call MFT-MC, determines the\nmolecular field as the magnetization response of a Monte Carlo simulation. The\nresulting phase diagram is qualitatively correct, in contrast to\neffective-field approximations, in which the first-order line is not\nperpendicular to the anisotropy axis at low temperatures. Thermodynamic\nquantities, as the entropy and the specific heat curves can be obtained so as\nto analyze the nature of the phase transition points. Also, the possibility of\nusing larger sizes constitutes an improvement regarding other mean-field\napproximations that use clusters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-Poisson dichotomous noise: higher-order correlation functions and\n  aging: We study a two-state symmetric noise, with a given waiting time distribution\n$\\psi (\\tau)$, and focus our attention on the connection between the four-time\nand the two-time correlation functions. The transition of $\\psi (\\tau)$ from\nthe exponential to the non-exponential condition yields the breakdown of the\nusual factorization condition of high-order correlation functions, as well as\nthe birth of aging effects. We discuss the subtle connections between these two\nproperties, and establish the condition that the Liouville-like approach has to\nsatisfy in order to produce a correct description of the resulting diffusion\nprocess.",
        "positive": "Finite Size Effect on Bose-Einstein Condensation: We show various aspects of finite size effects on Bose-Einstein\ncondensation(BEC). In the first section we introduce very briefly the BEC of\nharmonically trapped ideal Bose gas. In the second section we theoretically\nargued that Bose-Einstein(B-E) statistics needs a correction for finite system\nat ultralow temperatures. As a corrected statistics we introduced a Tsallis\ntype of generalized B-E statistics. The condensate fraction calculated with\nthis generalized B-E statistics, is satisfied well with the experimental\nresult. In the third section we show how to apply the scaling theory in an\ninhomogeneous system like harmonically trapped Bose condensate at finite\ntemperatures. We calculate the temperature dependence of the critical number of\nparticles by a scaling theory within the Hartree-Fock approximation and find\nthat there is a dramatic increase in the critical number of particles as the\ncondensation point is approached. Our results support the experimental result\nwhich was obtained well below the condensation temperature. In the fourth\nsection we concentrate on the thermodynamic Casimir force on the Bose-Einstein\ncondensate. We explored the temperature dependence of the Casimir force."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A new view on superfluidity: This paper represents the full version of a paper published earlier in\nPhysica A [246 (1997), 275]. The present paper includes argumentation, proofs\nand details omitted in the shortened version. The papers are a further\ndevelopment of the approach in quantum statistical mechanics proposed by the\nauthor. The hierarchy of equations for reduced density matrices obtained\npreviously is extended to the case corresponding to the Bose-Einstein\ncondensation. The relevant state of the system with a condensate can be\nsuperfluid as well as nonsuperfluid. Special attention is given to the\nthermodynamics of superfluid systems. According to the results of the papers\nsuperfluidity is the state of a fluid whose symmetry is spontaneously broken\nbecause of a stationary flow. The state corresponds to thermodynamic\nequilibrium while the magnitude of the flow depends upon the temperature and is\ndetermined by thermodynamic considerations. The equations obtained are solved\nin two simple cases. The physical origin of superfluidity, peculiarities of the\nphenomenon in closed volumes and the critical velocity are discussed as well.",
        "positive": "Cluster Monte Carlo: Scaling of Systematic Errors in the 2D Ising Model: We present an extensive analysis of systematic deviations in Wolff cluster\nsimulations of the critical Ising model, using random numbers generated by\nbinary shift registers. We investigate how these deviations depend on the\nlattice size, the shift-register length, and the number of bits correlated by\nthe production rule. They appear to satisfy scaling relations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Invariance correction to Grad's equations: Where to go beyond\n  approximations?: We review some recent developments of Grad's approach to solving the\nBoltzmann equation and creating reduced description. The method of invariant\nmanifold is put forward as a unified principle to establish corrections to\nGrad's equations. A consistent derivation of regularized Grad's equations in\nthe framework the method of invariant manifold is given. A new class of kinetic\nmodels to lift the finite-moment description to a kinetic theory in the whole\nspace is established. Relations of Grad's approach to modern mesoscopic\nintegrators such as the entropic lattice Boltzmann method are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Knudsen Effect in a Nonequilibrium Gas: From the molecular dynamics simulation of a system of hard-core disks in\nwhich an equilibrium cell is connected with a nonequilibrium cell, it is\nconfirmed that the pressure difference between two cells depends on the\ndirection of the heat flux. From the boundary layer analysis, the velocity\ndistribution function in the boundary layer is obtained. The agreement between\nthe theoretical result and the numerical result is fairly good."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Physics Approach to M-theory Integrals: We explain the concepts of computational statistical physics which have\nproven very helpful in the study of Yang-Mills integrals, an ubiquitous new\nclass of matrix models. Issues treated are: Absolute convergence versus Monte\nCarlo computability of near-singular integrals, singularity detection by\nMarkov-chain methods, applications to asymptotic eigenvalue distributions and\nto numerical evaluations of multiple bosonic and supersymmetric integrals. In\nmany cases already, it has been possible to resolve controversies between\nconflicting analytical results using the methods presented here.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in a lattice population model: We introduce a model for a population on a lattice with diffusion and\nbirth/death according to 2A->3A and A->0 for a particle A. We find that the\nmodel displays a phase transition from an active to an absorbing state which is\ncontinuous in 1+1 dimensions and of first-order in higher dimensions in\nagreement with the mean field equation. For the 1+1 dimensional case, we\nexamine the critical exponents and a scaling function for the survival\nprobability and show that it belongs to the universality class of directed\npercolation. In higher dimensions, we look at the first-order phase transition\nby plotting a histogram of the population density and use the presence of phase\ncoexistence to find an accurate value for the critical point in 2+1 dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effective conductivity of the multidimensional chessboard: An algebraic formula for the effective conductivity of a d-dimensional,\ntwo-component chessboard (checkerboard) is proposed. The derivation relies on\nthe self-duality of the square bond lattice, the principle of universality, and\nthe analytical capabilities of the Walker Diffusion Method.",
        "positive": "Winding Number of Fractional Brownian Motion: We find the exact winding number distribution of Riemann-Liouville fractional\nBrownian motion for large times in two dimensions using the propagator of a\nfree particle. The distribution is similar to the Brownian motion case and it\nis of Cauchy type. In addition we find the winding number distribution of\nfractal time process, i.e., time fractional Fokker-Planck equation, in the\npresence of finite size winding center."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic models of multi-channel particulate transport with blockage: Networks of channels conveying particles are often subject to blockages due\nto the limited carrying capacity of the individual channels. If the channels\nare coupled, blockage of one causes an increase in the flux entering the\nremaining open channels leading to a cascade of failures. Once all channels are\nblocked no additional particle can enter the system. If the blockages are of\nfinite duration, however, the system reaches a steady state with an exiting\nflux that is reduced compared to the incoming one. We propose a stochastic\nmodel consisting of $N_c$ channels each with a blocking threshold of $N$\nparticles. Particles enter the system according to a Poisson process with the\nentering flux of intensity $\\Lambda$ equally distributed over the open\nchannels. Any particle in an open channel exits at a rate $\\mu$ and a blocked\nchannel unblocks at a rate $\\mu^*$. We present a method to obtain the exiting\nflux in the steady state, and other properties, for arbitrary $N_c$ and $N$ and\nwe present explicit solutions for $N_c=2,3$. We apply these results to compare\nthe efficiency of conveying a particulate stream of intensity $\\Lambda$ using\ndifferent channel configurations. We compare a single \"robust\" channel with a\nlarge capacity with multiple \"fragile\" channels with a proportionately reduced\ncapacity. The \"robust\" channel is more efficient at low intensity, while\nmultiple, \"fragile\" channels have a higher throughput at large intensity. We\nalso compare $N_c$ coupled channels with $N_c$ independent channels, both with\nthreshold $N=2$. For $N_c=2$ if $\\mu^*/\\mu>1/4$, the coupled channels are\nalways more efficient. Otherwise the independent channels are more efficient\nfor sufficiently large $\\Lambda$.",
        "positive": "SIR epidemics with long range infection in one dimension: We study epidemic processes with immunization on very large 1-dimensional\nlattices, where at least some of the infections are non-local, with rates\ndecaying as power laws p(x) ~ x^{-sigma-1} for large distances x. When starting\nwith a single infected site, the cluster of infected sites stays always bounded\nif $\\sigma >1$ (and dies with probability 1, of its size is allowed to\nfluctuate down to zero), but the process can lead to an infinite epidemic for\nsigma <1. For sigma <0 the behavior is essentially of mean field type, but for\n0 < sigma <= 1 the behavior is non-trivial, both for the critical and for\nsupercritical cases. For critical epidemics we confirm a previous prediction\nthat the critical exponents controlling the correlation time and the\ncorrelation length are simply related to each other, and we verify detailed\nfield theoretic predictions for sigma --> 1/3. For sigma = 1 we find generic\npower laws with continuously varying exponents even in the supercritical case,\nand confirm in detail the predicted Kosterlitz-Thouless nature of the\ntransition. Finally, the mass N(t) of supercritical clusters seems to grow for\n0 < sigma < 1 like a stretched exponential. The latter implies that networks\nembedded in 1-d space with power-behaved link distributions have infinite\nintrinsic dimension (based on the graph distance), but are not small world."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological aspects of geometrical signatures of phase transitions: Certain geometric properties of submanifolds of configuration space are\nnumerically investigated for classical lattice phi^4 models in one and two\ndimensions. Peculiar behaviors of the computed geometric quantities are found\nonly in the two-dimensional case, when a phase transition is present. The\nobserved phenomenology strongly supports, though in an indirect way, a recently\nproposed topological conjecture about a topology change of the configuration\nspace submanifolds as counterpart of a phase transition.",
        "positive": "Optimized ensemble Monte Carlo simulations of dense Lennard-Jones fluids: We apply the recently developed adaptive ensemble optimization technique to\nsimulate dense Lennard-Jones fluids and a particle-solvent model by\nbroad-histogram Monte Carlo techniques. Equilibration of the simulated fluid is\nimproved by sampling an optimized histogram in radial coordinates that shifts\nstatistical weight towards the entropic barriers between the shells of the\nliquid. Interstitial states in the vicinity of these barriers are identified\nwith unprecedented accuracy by sharp signatures in the quickly converging\nhistogram and measurements of the local diffusivity. The radial distribution\nfunction and potential of mean force are calculated to high precision."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "How does degree heterogeneity affect nucleation of Ising model on\n  complex networks?: We investigate the nucleation of Ising model on complex networks and focus on\nthe role played by the heterogeneity of degree distribution on nucleation rate.\nUsing Monte Carlo simulation combined with forward flux sampling, we find that\nfor a weak external field the nucleation rate decreases monotonically as degree\nheterogeneity increases. Interestingly, for a relatively strong external field\nthe nucleation rate exhibits a nonmonotonic dependence on degree heterogeneity,\nin which there exists a maximal nucleation rate at an intermediate level of\ndegree heterogeneity. Furthermore, we develop a heterogeneous mean-field theory\nfor evaluating the free-energy barrier of nucleation. The theoretical\nestimations are qualitatively consistent with the simulation results. Our study\nsuggests that degree heterogeneity plays a nontrivial role in the dynamics of\nphase transition in networked Ising systems.",
        "positive": "Computation time and thermodynamic uncertainty relation of Brownian\n  circuits: We analyze a token-based Brownian circuit in which Brownian particles, coined\n`tokens,' move randomly by exploiting thermal fluctuations, searching for a\npath in multi-token state space corresponding to the solution of a given\nproblem. The circuit can evaluate a Boolean function with a unique solution.\nHowever, its computation time varies with each run. We numerically calculate\nthe probability distributions of Brownian adders' computation time, given by\nthe first-passage time, and analyze the thermodynamic uncertainty relation and\nthe thermodynamic cost based on stochastic thermodynamics. The computation can\nbe completed in finite time without environment entropy production, i.e.,\nwithout wasting heat to the environment. The thermodynamics cost is paid\nthrough error-free output detection and the resets of computation cycles. The\nsignal-to-noise ratio quantifies the computation time's predictability, and it\nis well estimated by the mixed bound, which is approximated by the square root\nof the number of token detections. The thermodynamic cost tends to play a minor\nrole in token-based Brownian circuits in computation cycles. This contrasts\nwith the logically reversible Brownian Turing machine, in which the entropy\nproduction increases logarithmically with the size of the state space, and thus\nworsens the mixed bound."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact energy spectrum of a two-temperature kinetic Ising model: The exact energy spectrum is developed for a two temperature kinetic Ising\nspin chain, and its dual reaction diffusion system with spatially alternating\npair annihilation and creation rates. Symmetries of the system\npseudo-Hamiltonian that enable calculation of the spectrum are also used to\nderive explicit state vectors for small system sizes, and to make observations\nregarding state vectors in the general case. Physical consequences of the\nsurprisingly simple form for the eigenvalues are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Exponential Lifetime Improvement in Topological Quantum Memories: We propose a simple yet efficient mechanism for passive error correction in\ntopological quantum memories. Our scheme relies on driven-dissipative ancilla\nsystems which couple to local excitations (anyons) and make them \"sink\" in\nenergy, with no required interaction among ancillae or anyons. Through this\nprocess, anyons created by some thermal environment end up trapped in potential\n\"trenches\" that they themselves generate, which can be interpreted as a \"memory\nfoam\" for anyons. This self-trapping mechanism provides an energy barrier for\nanyon propagation, and removes entropy from the memory by favoring anyon\nrecombination over anyon separation (responsible for memory errors). We\ndemonstrate that our scheme leads to an exponential increase of the\nmemory-coherence time with system size $L$, up to an upper bound\n$L_\\mathrm{max}$ which can increase exponentially with $\\Delta/T$, where $T$ is\nthe temperature and $\\Delta$ is some energy scale defined by potential\ntrenches. This results in a double exponential increase of the memory time with\n$\\Delta/T$, which greatly improves over the Arrhenius (single-exponential)\nscaling found in typical quantum memories."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian motion of finite-inertia particles in a simple shear flow: Simultaneous diffusive and inertial motion of Brownian particles in laminar\nCouette flow is investigated via Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions to\ndetermine the effect of particle inertia on diffusive transport in the\nlong-time. The classical fluctuation dissipation theorem is used to calculate\nthe amplitude of random-force correlations, thereby neglecting corrections of\nthe order of the molecular relaxation time to the inverse shear rate. The\nanalytic, non-perturbative, evaluation of the particle-phase total pressure,\nwhich is calculated to be second order in the Stokes number (a dimensionless\nmeasure of particle inertia), shows that the particle phase behaves as a\nnon-Newtonian fluid. The generalized Smoluchowski convective-diffusion equation\ncontains a shear-dependent cross derivative term and an additional term along\nthe streamwise direction, quadratic in the particle Stokes number. The\nlong-time diffusion coefficients associated with the particle flux relative to\nthe carrier flow are found to depend on particle inertia such that the\nstreamwise diffusion coefficient becomes negative with increasing Stokes\nnumber, whereas one of the cross coefficients is always negative. The total\ndiffusion coefficients measuring the rate of change of particle mean square\ndisplacement are always positive as expected from general stability arguments.",
        "positive": "Similarity and Probability Distribution Functions in Many-body\n  Stochastic Processes with Multiplicative Interactions: Analytical and numerical studies on many-body stochastic processes with\nmultiplicative interactions are reviewed. The method of moment relations is\nused to investigate effects of asymmetry and randomness in interactions.\nProbability distribution functions of the processes generally have similarity\nsolutions with power-law tails. Growth rates of the system and power-law\nexponents of the tails are determined via transcendental equations. Good\nagreement is achieved between analytical calculations and Monte Carlo\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Depletion of the Bose-Einstein condensate in Bose-Fermi mixtures: We describe the properties of a mixture of fermionic and bosonic atoms, as\nthey are tuned across a Feshbach resonance associated with a fermionic\nmolecular state. Provided the number of fermionic atoms exceeds the number of\nbosonic atoms, we argue that there is a critical detuning at which the\nBose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is completely depleted. The phases on either\nside of this quantum phase transition can also be distinguished by the distinct\nLuttinger constraints on their Fermi surfaces. In both phases, the total volume\nenclosed by all Fermi surfaces is constrained by the total number of fermions.\nHowever, in the phase without the BEC, which has two Fermi surfaces, there is a\n_second_ Luttinger constraint: the volume enclosed by one of the Fermi surfaces\nis constrained by the total number of_bosons_, so that the volumes enclosed by\nthe two Fermi surfaces are separately conserved. The phase with the BEC may\nhave one or two Fermi surfaces, but only their total volume is conserved. We\nobtain the phase diagram as a function of atomic parameters and temperature,\nand describe critical fluctuations in the vicinity of all transitions. We make\nquantitative predictions valid for the case of a narrow Feshbach resonance, but\nwe expect the qualitative features we describe to be more generally applicable.\nAs an aside, we point out intriguing connections between the BEC depletion\ntransition and the transition to the fractionalized Fermi liquid in Kondo\nlattice models.",
        "positive": "Identification of essential and functionally moduled genes through the\n  microarray assay: Identification of essential genes is one of the ultimate goals of drug\ndesigns. Here we introduce an {\\it in silico} method to select essential genes\nthrough the microarray assay. We construct a graph of genes, called the gene\ntranscription network, based on the Pearson correlation coefficient of the\nmicroarray expression level. Links are connected between genes following the\norder of the pair-wise correlation coefficients. We find that there exist two\nmeaningful fractions of links connected, $p_m$ and $p_s$, where the number of\nclusters becomes maximum and the connectivity distribution follows a power law,\nrespectively. Interestingly, one of clusters at $p_m$ contains a high density\nof essential genes having almost the same functionality. Thus the deletion of\nall genes belonging to that cluster can lead to lethal inviable mutant\nefficiently. Such an essential cluster can be identified in a self-organized\nway. Once we measure the connectivity of each gene at $p_s$. Then using the\nproperty that the essential genes are likely to have more connectivity, we can\nidentify the essential cluster by finding the one having the largest mean\nconnectivity per gene at $p_m$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Free Cumulants for Quantum Chaotic Systems: The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is the leading conjecture for\nthe emergence of statistical mechanics in generic isolated quantum systems and\nis formulated in terms of the matrix elements of operators. An analog known as\nthe ergodic bipartition (EB) describes entanglement and locality and is\nformulated in terms of the components of eigenstates. In this paper, we\nsignificantly generalize the EB and unify it with the ETH, extending the EB to\nstudy higher correlations and systems out of equilibrium. Our main result is a\ndiagrammatic formalism that computes arbitrary correlations between eigenstates\nand operators based on a recently uncovered connection between the ETH and free\nprobability theory. We refer to the connected components of our diagrams as\ngeneralized free cumulants. We apply our formalism in several ways. First, we\nfocus on chaotic eigenstates and establish the so-called subsystem ETH and the\nPage curve as consequences of our construction. We also improve known\ncalculations for thermal reduced density matrices and comment on an inherently\nfree probabilistic aspect of the replica approach to entanglement entropy\npreviously noticed in a calculation for the Page curve of an evaporating black\nhole. Next, we turn to chaotic quantum dynamics and demonstrate the ETH as a\nsufficient mechanism for thermalization, in general. In particular, we show\nthat reduced density matrices relax to their equilibrium form and that systems\nobey the Page curve at late times. We also demonstrate that entanglement\nvelocities, which govern the spreading of entanglement, are encoded in higher\ncorrelations of the EB. Lastly, we examine the chaotic structure of eigenstates\nand operators together and reveal previously overlooked correlations between\nthem. Crucially, these correlations encode butterfly velocities, a well-known\ndynamical property of interacting quantum systems.",
        "positive": "Total cost of operating an information engine: We study a two-level system controlled in a discrete feedback loop, modeling\nboth the system and the controller in terms of stochastic Markov processes. We\nfind that the extracted work, which is known to be bounded from above by the\nmutual information acquired during measurement, has to be compensated by an\nadditional energy supply during the measurement process itself, which is\nbounded by the same mutual information from below. Our results confirm that the\ntotal cost of operating an information engine is in full agreement with the\nconventional second law of thermodynamics. We also consider the efficiency of\nthe information engine as function of the cycle time and discuss the operating\ncondition for maximal power generation. Moreover, we find that the entropy\nproduction of our information engine is maximal for maximal efficiency, in\nsharp contrast to conventional reversible heat engines."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Tsallis power laws and finite baths with negative heat\n  capacity\" [Phys. Rev. E 88, 042126 (2013)]: In [Phys. Rev. E 88, 042126 (2013)] it is stated that Tsallis distributions\ndo not emerge from thermalization with a \"bath\" of finite, energy-independent,\nheat capacity. We report evidence for the contrary.",
        "positive": "Coherent exciton transport in dendrimers and continuous-time quantum\n  walks: We model coherent exciton transport in dendrimers by continuous-time quantum\nwalks (CTQWs). For dendrimers up to the second generation the coherent\ntransport shows perfect recurrences, when the initial excitation starts at the\ncentral node. For larger dendrimers, the recurrence ceases to be perfect, a\nfact which resembles results for discrete quantum carpets. Moreover, depending\non the initial excitation site we find that the coherent transport to certain\nnodes of the dendrimer has a very low probability. When the initial excitation\nstarts from the central node, the problem can be mapped onto a line which\nsimplifies the computational effort. Furthermore, the long time average of the\nquantum mechanical transition probabilities between pairs of nodes show\ncharacteristic patterns and allow to classify the nodes into clusters with\nidentical limiting probabilities. For the (space) average of the quantum\nmechanical probability to be still or again at the initial site, we obtain,\nbased on the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, a simple lower bound which depends only\non the eigenvalue spectrum of the Hamiltonian."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo study of the interfacial adsorption of the Blume-Capel model: We investigate the scaling of the interfacial adsorption of the\ntwo-dimensional Blume-Capel model using Monte Carlo simulations. In particular,\nwe study the finite-size scaling behavior of the interfacial adsorption of the\npure model at both its first- and second-order transition regimes, as well as\nat the vicinity of the tricritical point. Our analysis benefits from the\ncurrently existing quite accurate estimates of the relevant (tri)critical-point\nlocations. In all studied cases, the numerical results verify to a level of\nhigh accuracy the expected scenarios derived from analytic free-energy scaling\narguments. We also investigate the size dependence of the interfacial\nadsorption under the presence of quenched bond randomness at the originally\nfirst-order transition regime (disorder-induced continuous transition) and the\nrelevant self-averaging properties of the system. For this ex-first-order\nregime, where strong transient effects are shown to be present, our findings\nsupport the scenario of a non-divergent scaling, similar to that found in the\noriginal second-order transition regime of the pure model.",
        "positive": "New derivation of the cluster cumulant formula: The cluster cumulant formula of Kubo is derived by appealing only to\nelementary properties of subsets and binomial coefficients. It is shown to be a\nbinomial transform of the grand potential. Extensivity is proven without\nintroducing cumulants. A combinatorial inversion is used to reformulate the\nexpansion in the activity to one in occupation probabilities, which explicitly\ncontrol the convergence. The classical virial expansion is recovered to third\norder as an example."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "L\u00e9vy flights on a comb and the plasma staircase: We formulate the problem of confined L\\'evy flight on a comb. The comb\nrepresents a sawtooth-like potential field $V(x)$, with the asymmetric teeth\nfavoring net transport in a preferred direction. The shape effect is modeled as\na power-law dependence $V(x) \\propto |\\Delta x|^n$ within the sawtooth period,\nfollowed by an abrupt drop-off to zero, after which the initial power-law\ndependence is reset. It is found that the L\\'evy flights will be confined in\nthe sense of generalized central limit theorem if (i) the spacing between the\nteeth is sufficiently broad, and (ii) $n > 4-\\mu$, where $\\mu$ is the fractal\ndimension of the flights. In particular, for the Cauchy flights ($\\mu = 1$),\n$n>3$. The study is motivated by recent observations of\nlocalization-delocalization of transport avalanches in banded flows in the Tore\nSupra tokamak and is intended to devise a theory basis to explain the observed\nphenomenology.",
        "positive": "On data and dimension in chemistry I -- irreversibility, concealment and\n  emergent conservation laws: Chemical systems are interpreted through the species they contain and the\nreactions they may undergo, i.e., their chemical reaction network (CRN). In\nspite of their central importance to chemistry, the structure of CRNs continues\nto be challenging to deduce from data. Although there exist structural laws\nrelating species, reactions, conserved quantities and cycles, there has been\nlimited attention to their measurable consequences. One such is the dimension\nof the chemical data: the number of independent reactions, i.e. the number of\nmeasured variables minus the number of constraints. In this paper we attempt to\nrelate the experimentally observed dimension to the structure of the CRN. In\nparticular, we investigate the effects of species that are concealed and\nreactions that are irreversible. For instance, irreversible reactions can have\nproportional rates. The resulting reduction in degrees of freedom can be\ncaptured by the co-production law $\\Upsilon = \\ell_\\bullet + \\wedge_\\bullet$\nrelating co-production relations $\\Upsilon$ to emergent non-integer\nconservation laws $\\ell_\\bullet$ and broken cycles $\\wedge_\\bullet$. This law\nresolves a recent conundrum posed by a machine-discovered candidate for a\nnon-integer conservation law. We also obtain laws that allow us to deduce\nnetwork structure in cases where some species cannot be discerned or\ndistinguished by a given analytical technique. This enables us to relate\nportions of spectral data to portions of CRN structure, for instance isosbestic\npoints relate to local conservation laws. We anticipate that the reconstruction\nof CRN structure will thereby simplify and increasingly resemble the type of\nlogical puzzles encountered in molecular structure determination via\nspectroscopy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase coexistences and particle non-conservation in a closed asymmetric\n  exclusion process with inhomogeneities: We construct a one-dimensional totally asymmetric simple exclusion process\n(TASEP) on a ring with two segments having unequal hopping rates, coupled to\nparticle non-conserving Langmuir kinetics (LK) characterized by equal\nattachment and detachment rates. In the steady state, in the limit of competing\nLK and TASEP, the model is always found in states of phase coexistence. We\nuncover a nonequilibrium phase transition between a three-phase and a two-phase\ncoexistence in the faster segment, controlled by the underlying inhomogeneity\nconfigurations and LK. The model is always found to be half-filled on average\nin the steady state, regardless of the hopping rates and the\nattachment/detachment rate.",
        "positive": "Random Matrix Theory in Lattice Statistical Mechanics: In this short note we collect together known results on the use of Random\nMatrix Theory in lattice statistical mechanics. The purpose here is two fold.\nFirstly the RMT analysis provides an intrinsic characterization of\nintegrability, and secondly it appears to be an effective tool to find new\nintegrable models. Various examples from quantum and classical statistical\nmechanics are presented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Phenomena in Hyperbolic Space: In this paper we study the critical behavior of an $N$-component\n${\\phi}^{4}$-model in hyperbolic space, which serves as a model of uniform\nfrustration. We find that this model exhibits a second-order phase transition\nwith an unusual magnetization texture that results from the lack of global\nparallelism in hyperbolic space. Angular defects occur on length scales\ncomparable to the radius of curvature. This phase transition is governed by a\nnew strong curvature fixed point that obeys scaling below the upper critical\ndimension $d_{uc}=4$. The exponents of this fixed point are given by the\nleading order terms of the $1/N$ expansion. In distinction to flat space no\norder $1/N$ corrections occur. We conclude that the description of\nmany-particle systems in hyperbolic space is a promising avenue to investigate\nuniform frustration and non-trivial critical behavior within one theoretical\napproach.",
        "positive": "Anomalous latent heat in non-equilibrium phase transitions: We study first-order phase transitions in a two-temperature system, where due\nto the time-scale separation all the basic thermodynamical quantities (free\nenergy, entropy, etc) are well-defined. The sign of the latent heat is found to\nbe counterintuitive: it is positive when going from the phase where the\ntemperatures and the entropy are higher to the one where these quantities are\nlower. The effect exists only out of equilibrium and requires conflicting\ninteractions. It is displayed on a lattice gas model of ferromagnetically\ninteracting spin-1/2 particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On extrapolation of virial coefficients of hard spheres: Several methods of extrapolating the virial coefficients, including those\nproposed in this work, are discussed. The methods are demonstrated on\npredicting higher virial coefficients of one-component hard spheres. Estimated\nvalues of the eleventh to fifteenth virial coefficients are suggested. It has\nbeen speculated that the virial coefficients, B_n, beyond B_{14} may decrease\nwith increasing n, and may reach negative values at large n. The extrapolation\ntechniques may be utilized in other fields of science where the art of\nextrapolation plays a role.",
        "positive": "Building a path-integral calculus: a covariant discretization approach: Path integrals are a central tool when it comes to describing quantum or\nthermal fluctuations of particles or fields. Their success dates back to\nFeynman who showed how to use them within the framework of quantum mechanics.\nSince then, path integrals have pervaded all areas of physics where fluctuation\neffects, quantum and/or thermal, are of paramount importance. Their appeal is\nbased on the fact that one converts a problem formulated in terms of operators\ninto one of sampling classical paths with a given weight. Path integrals are\nthe mirror image of our conventional Riemann integrals, with functions\nreplacing the real numbers one usually sums over. However, unlike conventional\nintegrals, path integration suffers a serious drawback: in general, one cannot\nmake non-linear changes of variables without committing an error of some sort.\nThus, no path-integral based calculus is possible. Here we identify which are\nthe deep mathematical reasons causing this important caveat, and we come up\nwith cures for systems described by one degree of freedom. Our main result is a\nconstruction of path integration free of this longstanding problem, through a\ndirect time-discretization procedure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics and short-range correlations of the XXZ chain close to\n  its triple point: The XXZ quantum spin chain has a triple point in its ground state\n$h$-$1/\\Delta$ phase diagram. This first order critical point is located at the\njoint end point of the two second order phase transition lines marking the\ntransition from the gapless phase to the fully polarized phase and to the\nN\\'eel ordered phase, respectively. We explore the magnetization and the\nshort-range correlation functions in its vicinity using the exact solution of\nthe model. In the critical regime above the triple point we observe a strong\nvariation of all physical quantities on a low energy scale of order $1/\\Delta$\ninduced by the transversal quantum fluctuations. We interpret this phenomenon\nstarting from a strong-coupling perturbation theory about the highly degenerate\nground state of the Ising chain at the triple point. From the perturbation\ntheory we identify the relevant scaling of the magnetic field and of the\ntemperature. Applying the scaling to the exact solutions we obtain explicit\nformulae for the magnetization and short-range correlation functions at low\ntemperatures.",
        "positive": "Ground state properties of two spin models with exactly known ground\n  states on the square lattice: We introduce a new two-dimensional model with diagonal four spin exchange and\nan exactly knownground-state. Using variational ansaetze and exact\ndiagonalisation we calculate upper and lower bounds for the critical coupling\nof the model. Both for this model and for the Shastry-Sutherland model we study\nperiodic systems up to system size 6x6."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Laterally driven interfaces in the three-dimensional Ising lattice gas: We study the steady state of a phase-separated driven Ising lattice gas in\nthree dimensions using computer simulations with Kawasaki dynamics. An external\nforce field F(z) acts in the x direction parallel to the interface, creating a\nlateral order parameter current j^x(z) which varies with distance z from the\ninterface. Above the roughening temperature, our data for `shear-like' linear\nvariation of F(z) are in agreement with the picture wherein shear acts as\neffective confinement in this system, thus supressing the interfacial\ncapillary-wave fluctuations. We find sharper magnetisation profiles and reduced\ninterfacial width as compared to equilibrium. Pair correlations are more\nsuppressed in the vorticity direction y than in the driving direction; the\nopposite holds for the structure factor. Lateral transport of capillary waves\noccurs for those forms of F(z) for which the current j^x(z) is an odd function\nof z, for example the shear-like drive, and a `step-like' driving field. For a\nV-shaped driving force no such motion occurs, but capillary waves are\nsuppressed more strongly than for the shear-like drive. These findings are in\nagreement with our previous simulation studies in two dimensions. Near and\nbelow the (equilibrium) roughening temperature the effective-confinement\npicture ceases to work, but the lateral motion of the interface persists.",
        "positive": "Incomplete nonextensive statistics and zeroth law of thermodynamics: We show that the zeroth law of thermodynamics holds within an alternative\nversion of nonextensive statistical mechanics based on {\\it incomplete\nprobability distribution}. The generalized zeroth law leads to a generalized\ndefinition of thermodynamic functions which are possible to be used for systems\nwith important nonextensivity (nonadditivity) in energy, volume or other\nexternal variables."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bound-state confinement after trap-expansion dynamics in integrable\n  systems: Integrable systems possess stable families of quasiparticles, which are\ncomposite objects (bound states) of elementary excitations. Motivated by recent\nquantum computer experiments, we investigate bound-state transport in the\nspin-$1/2$ anisotropic Heisenberg chain ($XXZ$ chain). Specifically, we\nconsider the sudden vacuum expansion of a finite region $A$ prepared in a\nnon-equilibrium state. In the hydrodynamic regime, if interactions are strong\nenough, bound states remain confined in the initial region. Bound-state\nconfinement persists until the density of unbound excitations remains finite in\nthe bulk of $A$. Since region $A$ is finite, at asymptotically long times bound\nstates are \"liberated\" after the \"evaporation\" of all the unbound excitations.\nFingerprints of confinement are visible in the space-time profiles of local\nspin-projection operators. To be specific, here we focus on the expansion of\nthe $p$-N\\'eel states, which are obtained by repetition of a unit cell with $p$\nup spins followed by $p$ down spins. Upon increasing $p$, the bound-state\ncontent is enhanced. In the limit $p\\to\\infty$ one obtains the domain-wall\ninitial state. We show that for $p<4$, only bound states with $n>p$ are\nconfined at large chain anisotropy. For $p\\gtrsim 4$, also bound states with\n$n=p$ are confined, consistent with the absence of transport in the limit\n$p\\to\\infty$. The scenario of bound-state confinement leads to a hierarchy of\ntimescales at which bound states of different sizes are liberated, which is\nalso reflected in the dynamics of the von Neumann entropy.",
        "positive": "Exact Potts/Tutte Polynomials for Polygon Chain Graphs: We present exact calculations of Potts model partition functions and the\nequivalent Tutte polynomials for polygon chain graphs with open and cyclic\nboundary conditions. Special cases of the results that yield flow and\nreliability polynomials are discussed. We also analyze special cases of the\nTutte polynomials that determine various quantities of graph-theoretic\ninterest."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Devil's staircase for a nonconvex interaction: We study ground-state orderings of particles in classical lattice-gas models\nof adsorption on crystal surfaces. In the considered models, the energy of\nadsorbed particles is a sum of two components, each one representing the energy\nof a one-dimensional lattice gas with two-body interactions in one of the two\northogonal lattice directions. This feature reduces the two-dimensional problem\nto a one-dimensional one. The interaction energy in each direction is repulsive\nand strictly convex only from distance 2 on, while its value at distance 1 can\nbe positive or negative, but close to zero.\n  We show that if the decay rate of the interactions is fast enough, then\nparticles form 2-particle lattice-connected aggregates which are distributed in\nthe same most homogeneous way as particles whose interaction is strictly convex\neverywhere. Moreover, despite the lack of convexity, the density of particles\nversus the chemical potential appears to be a fractal curve known as the\ncomplete devil's staircase.",
        "positive": "Counting Colored Random Triangulations: We revisit the problem of enumeration of vertex-tricolored planar random\ntriangulations solved in [Nucl. Phys. B 516 [FS] (1998) 543-587] in the light\nof recent combinatorial developments relating classical planar graph counting\nproblems to the enumeration of decorated trees. We give a direct combinatorial\nderivation of the associated counting function, involving tricolored trees.\nThis is generalized to arbitrary k-gonal tessellations with cyclic colorings\nand checked by use of matrix models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Symmetry Property of Momentum Distribution Functions in the\n  Nonequilibrium Steady State of Lattice Thermal Conduction: We study a symmetry property of momentum distribution functions in the steady\nstate of heat conduction. When the equation of motion is symmetric under change\nof signs for all dynamical variables, the distribution function is also\nsymmetric. This symmetry can be broken by introduction of an asymmetric term in\nthe interaction potential or the on-site potential, or employing the thermal\nwalls as heat reservoirs. We numerically find differences of behavior of the\nmodels with and without the on-site potential.",
        "positive": "Planetary Atmospheres as Non-Equilibrium Condensed Matter: Planetary atmospheres, and models of them, are discussed from the viewpoint\nof condensed matter physics. Atmospheres are a form of condensed matter, and\nmany interesting phenomena of condensed matter systems are realized by them.\nThe essential physics of the general circulation is illustrated with idealized\n2-layer and 1-layer models of the atmosphere. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium\nstatistical mechanics are used to directly ascertain the statistics of these\nmodels."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effect of heterogeneity and spatial correlations on the structure of\n  tumor invasion front in cellular environments: Analysis of invasion front has been widely used to decipher biological\nproperties, as well as the growth dynamics of the corresponding populations.\nLikewise, the invasion front of tumors has been investigated, from which\ninsights into the biological mechanisms of tumor growth have been gained. We\ndevelop a model to study how tumors' invasion front depends on the relevant\nproperties of a cellular environment. To do so, we develop a model based on a\nnonlinear reaction-diffusion equation, the Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov\n(FKPP) equation, to model tumor growth. Our study aims to understand how\nheterogeneity in the cellular environment's stiffness, as well as spatial\ncorrelations in its morphology, the existence of both of which has been\ndemonstrated by experiments, affects the properties of tumor invasion front. It\nis demonstrated that three important factors affect the properties of the\nfront, namely, the spatial distribution of the local diffusion coefficients,\nthe spatial correlations between them, and the ratio of the cells' duplication\nrate and their average diffusion coefficient. Analyzing the scaling properties\nof tumor invasion front computed by solving the governing equation, we show\nthat, contrary to several previous claims, the invasion front of tumors and\ncancerous cell colonies cannot be described by the well-known models of kinetic\ngrowth, such as the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation.",
        "positive": "Long-time-tail Effects on Lyapunov Exponents of a Random,\n  Two-dimensional Field-driven Lorentz Gas: We study the Lyapunov exponents for a moving, charged particle in a\ntwo-dimensional Lorentz gas with randomly placed, non-overlapping hard disk\nscatterers placed in a thermostatted electric field, $\\vec{E}$. The low density\nvalues of the Lyapunov exponents have been calculated with the use of an\nextended Lorentz-Boltzmann equation. In this paper we develop a method to\nextend these results to higher density, using the BBGKY hierarchy equations and\nextending them to include the additional variables needed for calculation of\nLyapunov exponents. We then consider the effects of correlated collision\nsequences, due to the so-called ring events, on the Lyapunov exponents. For\nsmall values of the applied electric field, the ring terms lead to\nnon-analytic, field dependent, contributions to both the positive and negative\nLyapunov exponents which are of the form ${\\tilde{\\epsilon}}^{2}\n\\ln\\tilde{\\epsilon}$, where $\\tilde{\\epsilon}$ is a dimensionless parameter\nproportional to the strength of the applied field. We show that these\nnon-analytic terms can be understood as resulting from the change in the\ncollision frequency from its equilibrium value, due to the presence of the\nthermostatted field, and that the collision frequency also contains such\nnon-analytic terms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Mesoscale Perspective on the Tolman Length: We demonstrate that the multi-phase Shan-Chen lattice Boltzmann method (LBM)\nyields a curvature dependent surface tension $\\sigma$ as computed from\nthree-dimensional hydrostatic droplets/bubbles simulations. Such curvature\ndependence is routinely characterized, at first order, by the so-called {\\it\nTolman length} $\\delta$. LBM allows to precisely compute $\\sigma$ at the\nsurface of tension $R_s$ and determine the Tolman length from the coefficient\nof the first order correction. The corresponding values of $\\delta$ display\nuniversality for different equations of state, following a power-law scaling\nnear the critical temperature. The Tolman length has been studied so far mainly\nvia computationally demanding molecular dynamics (MD) simulations or by means\nof density functional theory (DFT) approaches playing a pivotal role in\nextending Classical Nucleation Theory. The present results open a new\nhydrodynamic-compliant mesoscale arena, in which the fundamental role of the\nTolman length, alongside real-world applications to cavitation phenomena, can\nbe effectively tackled. All the results can be independently reproduced through\nthe \"idea.deploy\" framework.",
        "positive": "Magnetocaloric effect in the spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg diamond chain\n  with the four-spin interaction: The magnetocaloric effect in the symmetric spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg diamond\nchain with the Ising four-spin interaction is investigated using the\ngeneralized decoration-iteration mapping transformation and the transfer-matrix\ntechnique. The entropy and the Gruneisen parameter, which closely relate to the\nmagnetocaloric effect, are exactly calculated to compare the capability of the\nsystem to cool in the vicinity of different field-induced ground-state phase\ntransitions during the adiabatic demagnetization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variationally Optimized Free Energy Flooding for Rate Calculation: We propose a new method to obtain kinetic properties of infrequent events\nfrom molecular dynamics simulation. The procedure employs a recently introduced\nvariational approach [Valsson and Parrinello, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 090601\n(2014)] to construct a bias potential as a function of several collective\nvariables that is designed to flood only the associated free energy surface up\nto a predefined level. The resulting bias potential effectively accelerates\ntransitions between metastable free energy minima while ensuring bias-free\ntransition states, thus allowing accurate kinetic rates to be obtained. We test\nthe method on a few illustrative systems for which we obtain an order of\nmagnitude improvement in efficiency relative to previous approaches, and\nseveral orders of magnitude relative to unbiased molecular dynamics. We expect\nan even larger improvement in more complex systems. This and the ability of the\nvariational approach to deal efficiently with a large number of collective\nvariables will greatly enhance the scope of these calculations. This work is a\nvindication of the potential that the variational principle has if applied in\ninnovative ways",
        "positive": "Gibbs Entropy and Irreversibility: This contribution is dedicated to dilucidating the role of the Gibbs entropy\nin the discussion of the emergence of irreversibility in the macroscopic world\nfrom the microscopic level. By using an extension of the Onsager theory to the\nphase space we obtain a generalization of the Liouville equation describing the\nevolution of the distribution vector in the form of a master equation. This\nformalism leads in a natural way to the breaking of the BBGKY hierarchy. As a\nparticular case we derive the Boltzmann equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bayesian approach to superstatistics: The superstatistics approach recently introduced by Beck [C. Beck and E.G.D.\nCohen, Physica A 322, 267 (2003)] is a formalism that aims to deal in a\nunifying way with a large variety of complex nonequilibrium systems, for which\nspatio-temporal fluctuations of one intensive variable (the \"temperature\" 1/b)\nare supposed to exist. The intuitive explanation provided by Beck for\nsuperstatistics is based on the ansatz that the system under consideration,\nduring its evolution, travels within its phase space which is partitioned into\ncells. Within each cell, the system is described by ordinary Maxwell-Boltzmann\nstatistical mechanics, i.e., its statistical distribution is the canonical one,\nbut b varies from cell to cell, with its own probability density f(b). In this\nwork we first address that the explicit inclusion of the density of states in\nthis description is essential for its correctness. The correction is not\nrelevant for developments of the theory, but points to the fact that its\ncorrect starting point, as well its meaning, must be found at a more basic\nlevel: the pure probability product rule involving the intensive variable b and\nits conjugate extensive one. The question therefore arises how to assign a\nmeaning to these probabilities for each specific problem. We will see that it\nis easily answered through Bayesian analysis. This way, we are able to provide\nan interpretation for f(b), that was not fully elucidated till now.",
        "positive": "Generalized Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick models of Haldane-Shastry type: We introduce a class of generalized Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (gLMG) models with\nsu$(m)$ interactions of Haldane-Shastry type. We have computed the partition\nfunction of these models in closed form by exactly evaluating the partition\nfunction of the restriction of a spin chain Hamiltonian of Haldane-Shastry type\nto subspaces with well-defined magnon numbers. As a byproduct of our analysis,\nwe have obtained strong numerical evidence of the Gaussian character of the\nlevel density of the latter restricted Hamiltonians, and studied the\ndistribution of the spacings of consecutive unfolded levels. We have also\ndiscussed the thermodynamic behavior of a large family of su(2) and su(3) gLMG\nmodels, showing that it is qualitatively similar to that of a two-level system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of quantum Brownian motion with internal degrees of\n  freedom: the role of entanglement in the strong-coupling quantum regime: We study the influence of entanglement on the relation between the\nstatistical entropy of an open quantum system and the heat exchanged with a low\ntemperature environment. A model of quantum Brownian motion of the\nCaldeira-Leggett type - for which a violation of the Clausius inequality has\nbeen stated by Th.M. Nieuwenhuizen and A.E. Allahverdyan [Phys. Rev. E 66,\n036102 (2002)] - is reexamined and the results of the cited work are put into\nperspective. In order to address the problem from an information theoretical\nviewpoint a model of two coupled Brownian oscillators is formulated that can\nalso be viewed as a continuum version of a two-qubit system. The influence of\nan additional internal coupling parameter on heat and entropy changes is\ndescribed and the findings are compared to the case of a single Brownian\nparticle.",
        "positive": "Statistics of trajectories in two-state master equations: We derive a simple expression for the probability of trajectories of a master\nequation. The expression is particularly useful when the number of states is\nsmall and permits the calculation of observables that can be defined as\nfunctionals of whole trajectories. We illustrate the method with a two-state\nmaster equation, for which we calculate the distribution of the time spent in\none state and the distribution of the number of transitions, each in a given\ntime interval. These two expressions are obtained analytically in terms of\nmodified Bessel functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the theory of polarized Fermi liquid: The transport equation for transverse vibrations of magnetization in spin\npolarized Fermi liquid is derived from integral equation for the vertex\nfunction. The dispersion law for the transverse spin waves is established. The\nexistance of zero-temperature spin-waves attenuation is confirmed. The problem\nof similar derivation in ferromagnetic \"Fermi liquid\" is discussed.",
        "positive": "Potts Models with Invisible States on General Bethe Lattices: The number of so-called invisible states which need to be added to the\nq-state Potts model to transmute its phase transition from continuous to first\norder has attracted recent attention. In the q=2 case, a Bragg-Williams,\nmean-field approach necessitates four such invisible states while a 3-regular,\nrandom-graph formalism requires seventeen. In both of these cases, the\nchangeover from second- to first-order behaviour induced by the invisible\nstates is identified through the tricritical point of an equivalent\nBlume-Emery-Griffiths model.\n  Here we investigate the generalised Potts model on a Bethe lattice with z\nneighbours. We show that, in the q=2 case, r_c(z)=[4 z / 3(z-1)]\n[(z-1)/(z-2)]^z invisible states are required to manifest the equivalent\nBlume-Emery-Griffiths tricriticality. When z=3, the 3-regular, random-graph\nresult is recovered, while the infinite z limit delivers the Bragg-Williams,\nmean-field result."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalised `Arcsine' laws for run-and-tumble particle in one dimension: The 'Arcsine' laws of Brownian particles in one dimension describe\ndistributions of three quantities: the time $t_m$ to reach maximum position,\nthe time $t_r$ spent on the positive side and the time $t_\\ell$ of the last\nvisit to the origin. Interestingly, the cumulative distribution of all the\nthree quantities are same and given by Arcsine function. In this paper, we\nstudy distribution of these three times $t_m,~t_r$ and $t_\\ell$ in the context\nof single run-and-tumble particle in one dimension, which is a simple\nnon-Markovian process. We compute exact distributions of these three quantities\nfor arbitrary time and find that all three distributions have delta function\npart and a non-delta function part. Interestingly, we find that the\ndistributions of $t_m$ and $t_r$ are identical (reminiscent of the Brownian\nparticle case) when the initial velocities of the particle are chosen with\nequal probability. On the other hand, for $t_\\ell$, only the non-delta function\npart is same with the other two. In addition, we find explicit expressions of\nthe joint distributions of the maximum displacement and the time at which this\nmaxima occurs. We verify all our analytical results through numerical\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Memory-based involution dilemma on square lattices: When involution affects individuals, their efforts do not augment resources\nbut merely compete for limited resources. From entrance exams to company\novertime, such efforts lead to unnecessary costs, undermining group welfare.\nMeanwhile, the individual advantages or collective disadvantages from this\nunnecessary effort may accumulate over time, such as the long-term validity of\ntest scores. To identify the role of this memory factor, we propose a\nmemory-based involution game model. In a more competitive environment, our\nfindings suggest: (i) with scant social resources, increasing memory length\ncurbs involution, (ii) with moderate resources, increasing memory length\ninitially intensifies involution but later reduces it, and (iii) with abundant\nsocial resources, increasing memory length amplifies involution. Conversely, in\na less competitive environment, involution consistently decreases with a larger\nmemory length. Our research provides insights into mitigating involution by\nconsidering memory effects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production of a bound nonequilibrium interface: We study the entropy production of a microscopic model for nonequilibrium\nwetting. We show that, in contrast to the equilibrium case, a bound interface\nin a nonequilibrium steady state produces entropy. Interestingly, in some\nregions of the phase diagram a bound interface produces more entropy than a\nfree interface. Moreover, by solving exactly a four-site system, we find that\nthe first derivative of the entropy production with respect to the control\nparameter displays a discontinuity at the critical point of the wetting\ntransition.",
        "positive": "Topological excitations in statistical field theory at the upper\n  critical dimension: We present a high-precision Monte Carlo study of the classical Heisenberg\nmodel in four dimensions, showing that in the broken-symmetry phase it supports\ntopological, monopole-like excitations, whose properties confirm previous\nanalytical predictions derived in quantum field theory. We discuss the\nrelevance of these findings and their possible experimental applications in\ncondensed-matter physics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modern computational studies of the glass transition: The physics of the glass transition and amorphous materials continues to\nattract the attention of a wide research community after decades of effort.\nSupercooled liquids and glasses have been studied numerically since the advent\nof molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations in the last century. Computer\nstudies have greatly enhanced both experimental discoveries and theoretical\ndevelopments and constitute an active and continually expanding research field.\nOur goal in this review is to provide a modern perspective on this area. We\ndescribe the need to go beyond canonical methods to attack a problem that is\nnotoriously difficult in terms of time scales, length scales, and physical\nobservables. We first summarise recent algorithmic developments to achieve\nenhanced sampling and faster equilibration using replica exchange methods,\ncluster and swap Monte Carlo algorithms, and other techniques. We then review\nsome major recent advances afforded by these novel tools regarding the\nstatistical mechanical description of the liquid-to-glass transition as well as\nthe mechanical, vibrational and thermal properties of the glassy solid. We\nfinally describe some important challenges for future research.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions in Epidemics and Sandpiles: Nonequilibrium phase transitions between an active and an absorbing state are\nfound in models of populations, epidemics, autocatalysis, and chemical\nreactions on a surface. While absorbing-state phase transitions fall\ngenerically in the DP universality class, this does not preclude other\nuniversality classes, associated with a symmetry or conservation law. An\ninteresting issue concerns the dynamic critical behavior of models with an\ninfinite number of absorbing configurations or a long memory. Sandpile models,\nthe principal example of self-organized criticality (SOC), also exhibit\nabsorbing- state phase transitions, with SOC corresponding to a particular mode\nof forcing the system toward its critical point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Langevin dynamics of the O(N)-Ginzburg-Landau model with\n  correlated noise: We use the perturbative renormalization group to study classical stochastic\nprocesses with memory. We focus on the generalized Langevin dynamics of the\n\\phi^4 Ginzburg-Landau model with additive noise, the correlations of which are\nlocal in space but decay as a power-law with exponent \\alpha in time. These\ncorrelations are assumed to be due to the coupling to an equilibrium thermal\nbath. We study both the equilibrium dynamics at the critical point and quenches\ntowards it, deriving the corresponding scaling forms and the associated\nequilibrium and non-equilibrium critical exponents \\eta, \\nu, z and \\theta. We\nshow that, while the first two retain their equilibrium values independently of\n\\alpha, the non-Markovian character of the dynamics affects the dynamic\nexponents (z and \\theta) for \\alpha < \\alpha_c(D, N) where D is the spatial\ndimensionality, N the number of components of the order parameter, and\n\\alpha_c(x,y) a function which we determine at second order in 4-D. We analyze\nthe dependence of the asymptotic fluctuation-dissipation ratio on various\nparameters, including \\alpha. We discuss the implications of our results for\nseveral physical situations.",
        "positive": "Empirical Phase Diagram of Congested Traffic Flow: We present an empirical phase diagram of the congested traffic flow measured\non a highway section with one effective on-ramp. Through the analysis of local\ndensity-flow relations and global spatial structure of the congested region,\nfour distinct congested traffic states are identified. These states appear at\ndifferent levels of the upstream flux and the on-ramp flux, thereby generating\na phase digram of the congested traffic flow. Observed traffic states are\ndiscussed in connection with recent theoretical analyses."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Maxwell Times in Higher-Order Generalized Hydrodynamics: Classical\n  Fluids, and Carriers and Phonons in Semiconductors: A family of the so-called Maxwell times which arises in the contexto of\nHigher-Order Generalized Hydrodynamics (also called Mesoscopic\nHydro-Thermodynamics) is evidenced. This is done in the framework of a HOGH\nbuild within a statistical foundation in terms of a Non-Equilibrium Statistical\nEnsemble Formalism. It consists in a description in terms of the densities of\nparticles and energy and their fluxes of all orders, with the motion described\nby a set of coupled nonlinear integro-differential equations involving them.\nThese Maxwell Times have a fundamental role in determining the type of\nhydrodynamic motion that the system would display in the given condition and\nconstraints. The different types of motion are well described by contractions\nof the full description done in terms of a reduced number of fluxes up to a\ncertain order.",
        "positive": "A Large Deviation Theory-based Analysis of Heat Waves and Cold Spells in\n  a Simplified Model of the General Circulation of the Atmosphere: We study temporally persistent and spatially extended extreme events of\ntemperature anomalies, i.e. heat waves and cold spells, using large deviation\ntheory. To this end, we consider a simplified yet Earth-like general\ncirculation model of the atmosphere and numerically estimate large deviation\nrate functions of near-surface temperature in the mid-latitudes. We find that,\nafter a re-normalisation based on the integrated auto-correlation, the rate\nfunction one obtains at a given latitude by looking, locally in space, at long\ntime averages agrees with what is obtained, instead, by looking, locally in\ntime, at large spatial averages along the latitude. This is a result of scale\nsymmetry in the spatial-temporal turbulence and of the fact that advection is\nprimarily zonal. This agreement hints at the universality of large deviations\nof the temperature field. Furthermore, we discover that the obtained rate\nfunction is able to describe spatially extended and temporally persistent heat\nwaves or cold spells, if we consider temporal averages of spatial averages over\nintermediate spatial scales. Finally, we find out that large deviations are\nrelatively more likely to occur when looking at these spatial averages\nperformed over intermediate scales, thus pointing to the existence of weather\npatterns associated to the low-frequency variability of the atmosphere. Extreme\nvalue theory is used to benchmark our results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Selective Bootstrap Percolation: A new class of bootstrap percolation models in which particle culling occurs\nonly for certain numbers of nearest neighbours is introduced and studied on a\nBethe lattice. Upon increasing the density of initial configuration they\nundergo multiple hybrid (or mixed-order) phase transitions, showing that such\nintriguing phase behaviours may also appear in fully homogeneous\nsituations/environments, provided that culling is selective rather than\ncumulative. The idea immediately extends to facilitation dynamics, suggesting a\nsimple way to construct one-component models of multiple glasses and\nglass-glass transitions as well as more general coarse-grained models of\ncomplex cooperative dynamics.",
        "positive": "Casimir spring and compass: Stable levitation and alignment of compact\n  objects: We investigate a stable Casimir force configuration consisting of an object\ncontained inside a spherical or spheroidal cavity filled with a dielectric\nmedium. The spring constant for displacements from the center of the cavity and\nthe dependence of the energy on the relative orientations of the inner object\nand the cavity walls are computed. We find that the stability of the force\nequilibrium can be predicted based on the sign of the force, but the torque\ncannot be."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Chain decay and rates disorder in the totally asymmetric simple\n  exclusion process: We theoretically study the Totally Asymmetric Exclusion Process (TASEP) with\nquenched jumping rates disorder and finite lifetime chain. TASEP is widely used\nto model the translation of messenger RNAs by Ribosomes in protein synthesis.\nSince the exact solution of the TASEP model is analytically and computationally\nintractable for biologically relevant systems parameters, the canonical\nMean-Field (MF) approaches of solving coupled non-linear differential equations\nis also computational expensive for the scale of relevant biological data\nanalysis. In this article, we provide alternative approach to computing the MF\nsteady state solution via a computationally efficient system of non-linear\nalgebraic equations. We further outline a framework for including correlations\nprogressively via the exact solution of small size TASEP system. Leading order\napproximation in the biologically relevant entry rate limited regime shows\nremarkable agreement with the full Monte-Carlo simulation result for a wide\nrange of system parameter space. These results could be of importance to the\nkinetic rates inference in Ribo-Seq data analysis and other related problems.",
        "positive": "Basis of Local Approach in Classical Statistical Mechanics: An ensemble of classical subsystems interacting with surrounding particles\nhas been considered. In general case, a phase volume of the subsystems ensemble\nwas shown to be a function of time. The evolutional equations of the ensemble\nare obtained as well as the simplest solution of these equations representing\nthe quasi-local distribution with the temperature pattern being assigned.\nUnlike the Gibbs's distribution, the energy of interaction with surrounding\nparticles appears in the distribution function, which make possible both\nevolution in the equilibrium case and fluctuations in the non-equilibrium one.\nThe expression for local entropy is obtained. The exact expressions for\nchanging entropy and quantity of the heat given by the environment have been\nobtained. A two-particle distribution function for pair interaction system has\nbeen obtained with the use of local conditional distribution functions. Its\nformula is exact disregarding edge conditions.The derivation of hydrodynamic\nequations from Boltzmann equation has been analyzed. The hydrodynamic equations\nobtained from Boltzmann equation were shown to be equations for ideal liquid.\nReasons for stochastic description in deterministic Hamilton's systems,\nconditions of applicability of Poincares recurrence theorem as well as the\nproblem of irreversibility have been considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the spread of a branching Brownian motion whose offspring number has\n  infinite variance: We study the impact on shape parameters of an underlying\nBienaym\\'e-Galton-Watson branching process (height, width and first hitting\ntime), of having a non-spatial branching mechanism with infinite variance.\nAiming at providing a comparative study of the spread of an epidemics whose\ndynamics is given by the modulus of a branching Brownian motion (BBM) we then\nconsider spatial branching processes in dimension d, not necessarily integer.\nThe underlying branching mechanism is then either a binary branching model or\none presenting infinite variance. In particular we evaluate the chance p(x) of\nbeing hit if the epidemics started away at distance x. We compute the large x\ntail probabilities of this event, both when the branching mechanism is regular\nand when it exhibits very large fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Experimental signatures of an absorbing-state phase transition in an\n  open driven many-body quantum system: Understanding and probing phase transitions in non-equilibrium systems is an\nongoing challenge in physics. A particular instance are phase transitions that\noccur between a non-fluctuating absorbing phase, e.g., an extinct population,\nand one in which the relevant order parameter, such as the population density,\nassumes a finite value. Here we report the observation of signatures of such a\nnon-equilibrium phase transition in an open driven quantum system. In our\nexperiment rubidium atoms in a quasi one-dimensional cold disordered gas are\nlaser-excited to Rydberg states under so-called facilitation conditions. This\nconditional excitation process competes with spontaneous decay and leads to a\ncrossover between a stationary state with no excitations and one with a finite\nnumber of excitations. We relate the underlying physics to that of an absorbing\nstate phase transition in the presence of a field (i.e. off-resonant excitation\nprocesses) which slightly offsets the system from criticality. We observe a\ncharacteristic power-law scaling of the Rydberg excitation density as well as\nincreased fluctuations close to the transition point. Furthermore, we argue\nthat the observed transition relies on the presence of atomic motion which\nintroduces annealed disorder into the system and enables the formation of\nlong-ranged correlations. Our study paves the road for future investigations\ninto the largely unexplored physics of non-equilibrium phase transitions in\nopen many-body quantum systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Global entanglement and quantum phase transitions in the transverse XY\n  Heisenberg chain: We provide a study of various quantum phase transitions occurring in the XY\nHeisenberg chain in a transverse magnetic field using the Meyer-Wallach (MW)\nmeasure of (global) entanglement. Such a measure, while being readily\nevaluated, is a multipartite measure of entanglement as opposed to more\ncommonly used bipartite measures. Consequently, we obtain analytic expression\nof the measure for finite-size systems and show that it can be used to obtain\ncritical exponents via finite-size scaling with great accuracy for the Ising\nuniversality class. We also calculate an analytic expression for the isotropic\n(XX) model and show that global entanglement can precisely identify the\nlevel-crossing points. The critical exponent for the isotropic transition is\nobtained exactly from an analytic expression for global entanglement in the\nthermodynamic limit. Next, the general behavior of the measure is calculated in\nthe thermodynamic limit considering the important role of symmetries for this\nlimit. The so-called oscillatory transition in the ferromagnetic regime can\nonly be characterized by the thermodynamic limit where global entanglement is\nshown to be zero on the transition curve. Finally, the anisotropic transition\nis explored where it is shown that global entanglement exhibits an interesting\nbehavior in the finite-size limit. In the thermodynamic limit, we show that\nglobal entanglement shows a cusp singularity across the Ising and anisotropic\ntransition, while showing non-analytic behavior at the XX multicritical point.\nIt is concluded that global entanglement, despite its relative simplicity, can\nbe used to identify all the rich structure of the ground-state Heisenberg\nchain.",
        "positive": "Quantum spin chains of Temperley-Lieb type: periodic boundary\n  conditions, spectral multiplicities and finite temperature: We determine the spectra of a class of quantum spin chains of Temperley-Lieb\ntype by utilizing the concept of Temperley-Lieb equivalence with the S=1/2 XXZ\nchain as a reference system. We consider open boundary conditions and in\nparticular periodic boundary conditions. For both types of boundaries the\nidentification with XXZ spectra is performed within isomorphic representations\nof the underlying Temperley-Lieb algebra. For open boundaries the spectra of\nthese models differ from the spectrum of the associated XXZ chain only in the\nmultiplicities of the eigenvalues. The periodic case is rather different. Here\nwe show how the spectrum is obtained sector-wise from the spectra of globally\ntwisted XXZ chains. As a spin-off, we obtain a compact formula for the\ndegeneracy of the momentum operator eigenvalues. Our representation theoretical\nresults allow for the study of the thermodynamics by establishing a\nTL-equivalence at finite temperature and finite field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-stationary heat conduction in one-dimensional chains with conserved\n  momentum: The Letter addresses the relationship between hyperbolic equations of heat\nconduction and microscopic models of dielectrics. Effects of the non-stationary\nheat conduction are investigated in two one-dimensional models with conserved\nmomentum: Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) chain and chain of rotators (CR). These models\nbelong to different universality classes with respect to stationary heat\nconduction. Direct numeric simulations reveal in both models a crossover from\noscillatory decay of short-wave perturbations of the temperature field to\nsmooth diffusive decay of the long-wave perturbations. Such behavior is\ninconsistent with parabolic Fourier equation of the heat conduction. The\ncrossover wavelength decreases with increase of average temperature in both\nmodels. For the FPU model the lowest order hyperbolic Cattaneo-Vernotte\nequation for the non-stationary heat conduction is not applicable, since no\nunique relaxation time can be determined.",
        "positive": "Linear response theory for quantum Gaussian processes: Fluctuation dissipation theorems connect the linear response of a physical\nsystem to a perturbation to the steady-state correlation functions. Until now,\nmost of these theorems have been derived for finite-dimensional systems.\nHowever, many relevant physical processes are described by systems of infinite\ndimension in the Gaussian regime. In this work, we find a linear response\ntheory for quantum Gaussian systems subject to time dependent Gaussian\nchannels. In particular, we establish a fluctuation dissipation theorem for the\ncovariance matrix that connects its linear response at any time to the steady\nstate two-time correlations. The theorem covers non-equilibrium scenarios as it\ndoes not require the steady state to be at thermal equilibrium. We further show\nhow our results simplify the study of Gaussian systems subject to a time\ndependent Lindbladian master equation. Finally, we illustrate the usage of our\nnew scheme through some examples. Due to broad generality of the Gaussian\nformalism, we expect our results to find an application in many physical\nplatforms, such as opto-mechanical systems in the presence of external noise or\ndriven quantum heat devices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-monotonic skewness of currents in non-equilibrium steady states: Measurements of any property of a microscopic system are bound to show\nsignificant deviations from the average, due to thermal fluctuations. For\ntime-integrated currents such as heat, work or entropy production in a steady\nstate, it is in fact known that there will be long stretches of fluctuations\nboth above as well as below the average, occurring equally likely at large\ntimes. In this paper we show that for any finite-time measurement in a\nnon-equilibrium steady state - rather counter-intuitively - fluctuations below\nthe average are more probable. This discrepancy is higher when the system is\nfurther away from equilibrium. For overdamped diffusive processes, there is\neven an optimal time when time-integrated current fluctuations mostly lie below\nthe average. We demonstrate that these effects result from the non-monotonic\nskewness of current fluctuations and provide evidence that they are easily\nobservable in experiments. We also discuss their extensions to discrete space\nMarkov jump processes and implications to biological and synthetic microscopic\nengines.",
        "positive": "Many-body synchronisation in a classical Hamiltonian system: We study synchronisation between periodically driven, interacting classical\nspins undergoing a Hamiltonian dynamics. In the thermodynamic limit there is a\ntransition between a regime where all the spins oscillate synchronously for an\ninfinite time with a period twice as the driving period (synchronized regime)\nand a regime where the oscillations die after a finite transient (chaotic\nregime). We emphasize the peculiarity of our result, having been\nsynchronisation observed so far only in driven-dissipative systems. We discuss\nhow our findings can be interpreted as a period-doubling time crystal and we\nshow that synchronisation can appear both for an overall regular and an overall\nchaotic dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Distinguishable-particle Glassy Crystal: the simplest molecular model of\n  glass: The nature of glassy dynamics and the glass transition are long-standing\nproblems under active debate. In the presence of a structural disorder widely\nbelieved to be an essential characteristic of structural glass, identifying and\nunderstanding key dynamical behaviors are very challenging. In this work, we\ndemonstrate that an energetic disorder, which usually results from a structural\ndisorder, is instead a more essential feature of glass. Specifically, we\ndevelop a distinguishable-particle glassy crystal (DPGC) in which particles are\nordered in a face-centered cubic lattice and follow particle-dependent random\ninteractions, leading to an energetic disorder in the particle configuration\nspace. Molecular dynamics simulations in the presence of vacancy-induced\nparticle diffusion show typical glassy behaviors. A unique feature of this\nmolecular model is the knowledge of the complete set of inherent structures\nwith easily calculable free energies, implying a well-understood potential\nenergy landscape. Due to its simplicity, the study of the DPGC provides a\npromising direction to unlock the mysteries of glass.",
        "positive": "Work extraction, information-content and the Landauer bound in the\n  continuous Maxwell Demon: In a recent paper we have introduced a continuous version of the Maxwell\ndemon (CMD) that is capable of extracting large amounts of work per cycle by\nrepeated measurements of the state of the system. Here we underline its main\nfeatures such as the role played by the Landauer limit in the average extracted\nwork, the continuous character of the measurement process and the differences\nbetween our continuous Maxwell demon and an autonomous Maxwell demon. We\ndemonstrate the reversal of Landauer's inequality depending on the\nthermodynamical and mechanical stability of the work extracting substance. We\nalso emphasise the robustness of the Shannon definition of the\ninformation-content of the stored sequences in the limit where work extraction\nis maximal and fuelled by the large information-content of rare events."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "(Four) Dual Plaquette 3D Ising Models: A characteristic feature of the 3d plaquette Ising model is its planar\nsubsystem symmetry. The quantum version of this model has been shown to be\nrelated via a duality to the X-Cube model, which has been paradigmatic in the\nnew and rapidly developing field of fractons. The relation between the 3d\nplaquette Ising and the X-Cube model is similar to that between the 2d quantum\ntransverse spin Ising model and the Toric Code. Gauging the global symmetry in\nthe case of the 2d Ising model and considering the gauge invariant sector of\nthe high temperature phase leads to the Toric Code, whereas gauging the\nsubsystem symmetry of the 3d quantum transverse spin plaquette Ising model\nleads to the X-Cube model. A non-standard dual formulation of the 3d plaquette\nIsing model which utilises three flavours of spins has recently been discussed\nin the context of dualising the fracton-free sector of the X-Cube model. In\nthis paper we investigate the classical spin version of this non-standard dual\nHamiltonian and discuss its properties in relation to the more familiar\nAshkin-Teller-like dual and further related dual formulations involving both\nlink and vertex spins and non-Ising spins.",
        "positive": "Dense granular media as athermal glasses: I briefly describe how mean-field glass models can be extended to the case in\nwhich the bath and friction are non-thermal, thus promoting them to granular\nmatter mean-field caricatures. Solving their dynamics one discovers a\ntemperature with a thermodynamic meaning associated with the slow\nrearrangements, even though there is no thermodynamic temperature at level of\nfast dynamics. This temperature can be shown to match the one defined on the\nbasis of a flat measure over blocked (jammed) configurations. Numerical checks\non realistic systems suggest that these features may be valid in general."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Yielding and large deviations in micellar gels: a model: We present a simple model to account for the rheological behavior observed in\nrecent experiments on micellar gels. The model combines attachment-detachment\nkinetics with stretching due to shear, and shows well-defined jammed and\nflowing states. The large deviation function (LDF) for the coarse-grained\nvelocity becomes increasingly non-quadratic as the applied force $F$ is\nincreased, in a range near the yield threshold. The power fluctuations are\nfound to obey a steady-state fluctuation relation (FR) at small $F$. However,\nthe FR is violated when $F$ is near the transition from the flowing to the\njammed state although the LDF still exists; the antisymmetric part of the LDF\nis found to be nonlinear in its argument. Our approach suggests that large\nfluctuations and motion in a direction opposite to an imposed force are likely\nto occur in a wider class of systems near yielding.",
        "positive": "Studies of bosons in optical lattices in a harmonic potential: We present a theoretical study of bose condensation and specific heat of\nnon-interacting bosons in finite lattices in harmonic potentials in one, two,\nand three dimensions. We numerically diagonalize the Hamiltonian to obtain the\nenergy levels of the systems. Using the energy levels thus obtained, we\ninvestigate the temperature dependence, dimensionality effects, lattice size\ndependence, and evolution to the bulk limit of the condensate fraction and the\nspecific heat. Some preliminary results on the specific heat of fermions in\noptical lattices are also presented. The results obtained are contextualized\nwithin the current experimental and theoretical scenario."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density-functional Monte-Carlo simulation of CuZn order-disorder\n  transition: We perform a Wang-Landau Monte Carlo simulation of a Cu0.5Zn0.5\norder-disorder transition using 250 atoms and pairwise atom swaps inside a 5 x\n5 x 5 BCC supercell. Each time step uses energies calculated from density\nfunctional theory (DFT) via the all-electron Korringa-Kohn- Rostoker method and\nself-consistent potentials. Here we find CuZn undergoes a transition from a\ndisordered A2 to an ordered B2 structure, as observed in experiment. Our\ncalculated transition temperature is near 870 K, comparing favorably to the\nknown experimental peak at 750 K. We also plot the entropy, temperature,\nspecific-heat, and short-range order as a function of internal energy.",
        "positive": "Exact Renormalization Group : A New Method for Blocking the Action: We consider the exact renormalization group for a non-canonical scalar field\ntheory in which the field is coupled to the external source in a special non\nlinear way. The Wilsonian action and the average effective action are then\nsimply related by a Legendre transformation up to a trivial quadratic form. An\nexact mapping between canonical and non-canonical theories is obtained as well\nas the relations between their flows. An application to the theory of liquids\nis sketched."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The thermodynamic limit for fractional exclusion statistics: I discuss Haldane's concept of generalised exclusion statistics (Phys. Rev.\nLett. {\\bf 67}, 937, 1991) and I show that it leads to inconsistencies in the\ncalculation of the particle distribution that maximizes the partition function.\nThese inconsistencies appear when mutual exclusion statistics is manifested\nbetween different subspecies of particles in the system. In order to eliminate\nthese inconsistencies, I introduce new mutual exclusion statistics parameters,\nwhich are proportional to the dimension of the Hilbert sub-space on which they\nact. These new definitions lead to properly defined particle distributions and\nthermodynamic properties. In another paper (arXiv:0710.0728) I show that\nfractional exclusion statistics manifested in general systems with interaction\nhave these, physically consistent, statistics parameters.",
        "positive": "Hysteresis in the Random Field Ising Model and Bootstrap Percolation: We study hysteresis in the random-field Ising model with an asymmetric\ndistribution of quenched fields, in the limit of low disorder in two and three\ndimensions. We relate the spin flip process to bootstrap percolation, and show\nthat the characteristic length for self-averaging $L^*$ increases as $exp(exp\n(J/\\Delta))$ in 2d, and as $exp(exp(exp(J/\\Delta)))$ in 3d, for disorder\nstrength $\\Delta$ much less than the exchange coupling J. For system size $1 <<\nL < L^*$, the coercive field $h_{coer}$ varies as $2J - \\Delta \\ln \\ln L$ for\nthe square lattice, and as $2J - \\Delta \\ln \\ln \\ln L$ on the cubic lattice.\nIts limiting value is 0 for L tending to infinity, both for square and cubic\nlattices. For lattices with coordination number 3, the limiting magnetization\nshows no jump, and $h_{coer}$ tends to J."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of the longest interval in renewal processes: We consider renewal processes where events, which can for instance be the\nzero crossings of a stochastic process, occur at random epochs of time. The\nintervals of time between events, $\\tau_{1},\\tau_{2},...$, are independent and\nidentically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables with a common density\n$\\rho(\\tau)$. Fixing the total observation time to $t$ induces a global\nconstraint on the sum of these random intervals, which accordingly become\ninterdependent. Here we focus on the largest interval among such a sequence on\nthe fixed time interval $(0,t)$. Depending on how the last interval is treated,\nwe consider three different situations, indexed by $\\alpha=$ I, II and III. We\ninvestigate the distribution of the longest interval $\\ell^\\alpha_{\\max}(t)$\nand the probability $Q^\\alpha(t)$ that the last interval is the longest one. We\nshow that if $\\rho(\\tau)$ decays faster than $1/\\tau^2$ for large $\\tau$, then\nthe full statistics of $\\ell^\\alpha_{\\max}(t)$ is given, in the large $t$\nlimit, by the standard theory of extreme value statistics for i.i.d. random\nvariables, showing in particular that the global constraint on the intervals\n$\\tau_i$ does not play any role at large times in this case. However, if\n$\\rho(\\tau)$ exhibits heavy tails, $\\rho(\\tau)\\sim\\tau^{-1-\\theta}$ for large\n$\\tau$, with index $0 <\\theta<1$, we show that the fluctuations of\n$\\ell^\\alpha_{\\max}(t)/t$ are governed, in the large $t$ limit, by a stationary\nuniversal distribution which depends on both $\\theta$ and $\\alpha$, which we\ncompute exactly. On the other hand, $Q^{\\alpha}(t)$ is generically different\nfrom its counterpart for i.i.d. variables (both for narrow or heavy tailed\ndistributions $\\rho(\\tau)$). In particular, in the case $0<\\theta<1$, the large\n$t$ behaviour of $Q^\\alpha(t)$ gives rise to universal constants (depending\nalso on both $\\theta$ and $\\alpha$) which we compute exactly.",
        "positive": "Quenches in a quasi-disordered integrable lattice system: Dynamics and\n  statistical description of observables after relaxation: We study the dynamics and the resulting state after relaxation in a\nquasi-disordered integrable lattice system after a sudden quench. Specifically,\nwe consider hard-core bosons in an isolated one-dimensional geometry in the\npresence of a quasi-periodic potential whose strength is abruptly changed to\ntake the system out of equilibrium. In the delocalized regime, we find that the\nrelaxation dynamics of one-body observables, such as the density, the momentum\ndistribution function, and the occupation of the natural orbitals, follow, to a\ngood approximation, power laws. In that regime, we also show that the\nobservables after relaxation can be described by the generalized Gibbs\nensemble, while such a description fails for the momentum distribution and the\nnatural orbital occupations in the presence of localization. At the critical\npoint, the relaxation dynamics is found to be slower than in the delocalized\nphase."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Information geometry, trade-off relations, and generalized\n  Glansdorff-Prigogine criterion for stability: We discuss a relationship between information geometry and the\nGlansdorff-Prigogine criterion for stability. For the linear master equation,\nwe found a relation between the line element and the excess entropy production\nrate. This relation leads to a new perspective of stability in a nonequilibrium\nsteady-state. We also generalize the Glansdorff-Prigogine criterion for\nstability based on information geometry. Our information-geometric criterion\nfor stability works well for the nonlinear master equation, where the\nGlansdorff-Prigogine criterion for stability does not work well. We derive a\ntrade-off relation among the fluctuation of the observable, the mean change of\nthe observable, and the intrinsic speed. We also derive a novel thermodynamic\ntrade-off relation between the excess entropy production rate and the intrinsic\nspeed. These trade-off relations provide a physical interpretation of our\ninformation-geometric criterion for stability. We illustrate our\ninformation-geometric criterion for stability by an autocatalytic reaction\nmodel, where dynamics are driven by a nonlinear master equation.",
        "positive": "Controlling the efficiency of trapping in treelike fractals: Efficiently controlling the trapping process, especially the trapping\nefficiency, is central in the study of trap problem in complex systems, since\nit is a fundamental mechanism for diverse other dynamic processes. Thus, it is\nof theoretical and practical significance to study the control technique for\ntrapping problem. In this paper, we study the trapping problem in a family of\nproposed directed fractals with a deep trap at a central node. The directed\nfractals are a generalization of previous undirected fractals by introducing\nthe directed edge weights dominated by a parameter. We characterize all the\neigenvalues and their degeneracies for an associated matrix governing the\ntrapping process. The eigenvalues are provided through an exact recursive\nrelation deduced from the self-similar structure of the fractals. We also\nobtain the expressions for the smallest eigenvalue and the mean first-passage\ntime (MFPT) as a measure of trapping efficiency, which is the expected time for\nthe walker to first visit the trap. The MFPT is evaluated according to the\nproved fact that it is approximately equal to reciprocal of the smallest\neigenvalue. We show that the MFPT is controlled by the weight parameter, by\nmodifying which, the MFPT can scale superlinealy, linearly, or sublinearly with\nthe system size. Thus, this work paves a way to delicately controlling the\ntrapping process in the fractals."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Three-Dimensional Ising Model and Transfer Matrices: The use of a transfer matrix method to solve the 3D Ising model is\nstraightforwardly generalized from the 2D case. We follow B.Kaufman's approach.\nNo approximation is made, however the largest eigenvalue cannot be identified.\nThis problem comes from the fact that we follow the choice of directions of\n2-dimensional rotations in the direct product space of the 2D Ising model such\nthat all eigenvalue equations reduce miraculously to only one equation. Other\nchoices of directions of 2-dimensional rotations for finding the largest\neigenvalue may lose this fascinating feature. Comparing the series expansion of\ninternal energy per site at the high temperature limit with the series obtained\nfrom the computer graphic method, we find these two series have very similar\nstructures. A possible correct via a factor \\Phi(x) is suggested to fit the\nresult of the graphic method.",
        "positive": "Predictive information in a nonequilibrium critical model: We propose predictive information, that is information between a long past of\nduration T and the entire infinitely long future of a time series, as a\nuniversal order parameter to study phase transitions in physical systems. It\ncan be used, in particular, to study nonequlibrium transitions and other exotic\ntransitions, where a simpler order parameter cannot be identifies using\ntraditional symmetry arguments. As an example, we calculate predictive\ninformation for a stochastic nonequilibrium dynamics problem that forms an\nabsorbing state under a continuous change of a parameter. The information at\nthe transition point diverges as log(T), and a smooth crossover to constant\naway from the transition is observed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The evolution of radiation towards thermal equilibrium: A soluble model\n  which illustrates the foundations of Statistical Mechanics: In 1916 Einstein introduced the first rules for a quantum theory of\nelectromagnetic radiation, and he applied them to a model of matter in thermal\nequilibrium with radiation to derive Planck's black-body formula. Einstein's\ntreatment is extended here to time-dependent stochastic variables, which leads\nto a master equation for the probability distribution that describes the\nirreversible approach of Einstein's model towards thermal equilibrium, and\nelucidates aspects of the foundation of statistical mechanics. An analytic\nsolution of this equation is obtained in the Fokker-Planck approximation which\nis in excellent agreement with numerical results. At equilibrium, it is shown\nthat the probability distribution is proportional to the total number of\nmicrostates for a given configuration, in accordance with Boltzmann's\nfundamental postulate of equal a priori probabilities for these states. While\nthe counting of these configurations depends on particle statistics- Boltzmann,\nBose-Einstein, or Fermi-Dirac - the corresponding probability is determined\nhere by the dynamics which are embodied in the form of Einstein's quantum\ntransition probabilities for the emission and absorption of radiation. In a\nspecial limit, it is shown that the photons in Einstein's model can act as a\nthermal bath for the evolution of the atoms towards the canonical equilibrium\ndistribution of Gibbs. In this limit, the present model is mathematically\nequivalent to an extended version of the Ehrenfests' ``dog-flea'' model, which\nhas been discussed recently by Ambegaokar and Clerk.",
        "positive": "Phase Ordering Kinetics of the Asymmetric Coulomb Glass Model: We present results for phase ordering kinetics in the {\\it Coulomb glass}\n(CG) model, which describes electrons on a lattice with unscreened Coulombic\nrepulsion. The filling factor is denoted by $K \\in [0,1]$. For a square lattice\nwith $K=0.5$ (symmetric CG), the ground state is a checkerboard with\nalternating electrons and holes. In this paper, we focus on the asymmetric CG\nwhere $K \\lesssim 0.5$, i.e., the ground state is checkerboard-like with excess\nholes distributed uniformly. There is no explicit quenched disorder in our\nsystem, though the Coulombic interaction gives rise to frustration. We find\nthat the evolution morphology is in the same dynamical universality class as\nthe ordering ferromagnet. Further, the domain growth law is slightly slower\nthan the {\\it Lifshitz-Cahn-Allen} law, $L(t) \\sim t^{1/2}$, i.e., the growth\nexponent is underestimated. We speculate that this could be a signature of\nlogarithmic growth in the asymptotic regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Casimir effect for a Bose-Einstein condensate inside a cylindrical tube: We explore Casimir effect on an interacting Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC)\ninside a cylindrical tube. The Casimir force for the confined BEC comprises of\n(i) a mean-field part arising from the spatial inhomogeneity of the condensate\norder parameter, and (ii) a quantum fluctuation part arising from the\nconfinement of Bogoliubov excitations in the condensate. Our analytical result\npredicts Casimir force on a cylindrical shallow of $^4$He well below the\n$\\lambda$-point, and can be tested experimentally.",
        "positive": "Extracting Equations of Motion from Superconducting Circuits: Alternative computing paradigms open the door to exploiting recent\ninnovations in computational hardware to probe the fundamental thermodynamic\nlimits of information processing. One such paradigm employs superconducting\nquantum interference devices (SQUIDs) to execute classical computations. This,\nthough, requires constructing sufficiently complex superconducting circuits\nthat support a suite of useful information processing tasks and storage\noperations, as well as understanding these circuits' energetics.\nFirst-principle circuit design, though, leads to prohibitive algebraic\ncomplications when deriving the effective equations of motion -- complications\nthat to date have precluded achieving these goals, let alone doing so\nefficiently. We circumvent these complications by (i) specializing our class of\ncircuits and physical operating regimes, (ii) synthesizing existing derivation\ntechniques to suit these specializations, and (iii) implementing\nsolution-finding optimizations which facilitate physically interpreting circuit\ndegrees of freedom that respect physically-grounded constraints. This leads to\nefficient, practical circuit prototyping and access to scalable circuit\narchitectures. The analytical efficiency is demonstrated by reproducing the\npotential energy landscape generated by the quantum flux parametron (QFP). We\nthen show how inductively coupling two QFPs produces a device that is capable\nof executing 2-bit computations via its composite potential energy landscape.\nMore generally, the synthesis methods detailed here provide a basis for\nconstructing universal logic gates and investigating their thermodynamic\nperformance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-universal power law distribution of intensities of the self-excited\n  Hawkes process: a field-theoretical approach: The Hawkes self-excited point process provides an efficient representation of\nthe bursty intermittent dynamics of many physical, biological, geological and\neconomic systems. By expressing the probability for the next event per unit\ntime (called \"intensity\"), say of an earthquake, as a sum over all past events\nof (possibly) long-memory kernels, the Hawkes model is non-Markovian. By\nmapping the Hawkes model onto stochastic partial differential equations that\nare Markovian, we develop a field theoretical approach in terms of probability\ndensity functionals. Solving the steady-state equations, we predict a power law\nscaling of the probability density function (PDF) of the intensities close to\nthe critical point $n=1$ of the Hawkes process, with a non-universal exponent,\nfunction of the background intensity $\\nu_0$ of the Hawkes intensity, the\naverage time scale of the memory kernel and the branching ratio $n$. Our\ntheoretical predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "A statistical approximation to solve ordinary differential equations: We propose a physical analogy between finding the solution of an ordinary\ndifferential equation (ODE) and a $N$ particle problem in statistical\nmechanics. It uses the fact that the solution of an ODE is equivalent to obtain\nthe minimum of a functional. Then, we link these two notions, proposing this\nfunctional to be the interaction potential energy or thermodynamic potential of\nan equivalent particle problem. Therefore, solving this statistical mechanics\nproblem amounts to solve the ODE. If only one solution exists, our method\nprovides the unique solution of the ODE. In case we treat an eigenvalue\nequation, where infinite solutions exist, we obtain the absolute minimum of the\ncorresponding functional or fundamental mode. As a result, it is possible to\nestablish a general relationship between statistical mechanics and ODEs which\nallows not only to solve them from a physical perspective but also to obtain\nall relevant thermodynamical equilibrium variables of that particle system\nrelated to the differential equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evaporation/condensation transition of the two dimensional Potts model\n  in microcanonical ensemble: Evaporation/condensation transition of the Potts model on square lattice is\nnumerically investigated by the Wang-Landau sampling method. Intrinsically\nsystem size dependent discrete transition between supersaturation state and\nphase-separation state is observed in the microcanonical ensemble by changing\nconstrained internal energy. We calculate the microcanonical temperature, as a\nderivative of microcanonical entropy, and condensation ratio, and perform a\nfinite size scaling of them to indicate clear tendency of numerical data to\nconverge to the infinite size limit predicted by phenomenological theory for\nthe isotherm lattice gas model.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Anomalous Spreading of Power-Law Quantum Wave Packets\": A family of wave packets with power law tails are employed to analyze the\nlong time dependence of the corresponding probability density. The densities,\nassociated to packets for free particles in the one-dimensional space, with\nsufficiently long tails decay asymptotically in time following a $t^{-\\beta}$\nlaw (with $\\beta<1$), slower than the usual $t^{-1}$ one, including the\nparticular case $(ln t)^2/t$ not correctly discussed in F. Lillo and R. N.\nMantegna (Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 1061 (2000))."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of knots and entangled random walks: The lectures review the state of affairs in modern branch of mathematical\nphysics called probabilistic topology. In particular we consider the following\nproblems: (i) We estimate the probability of a trivial knot formation on the\nlattice using the Kauffman algebraic invariants and show the connection of this\nproblem with the thermodynamic properties of 2D disordered Potts model; (ii) We\ninvestigate the limit behavior of random walks in multi-connected spaces and on\nnon-commutative groups related to the knot theory. We discuss the application\nof the above mentioned problems in statistical physics of polymer chains. On\nthe basis of non-commutative probability theory we derive some new results in\nstatistical physics of entangled polymer chains which unite rigorous\nmathematical facts with more intuitive physical arguments.",
        "positive": "A model with symmetry-breaking phase transition triggered by a\n  double-well potential: In some recent papers some theorems on sufficiency conditions for the\noccurrence of a $\\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry breaking phase transition\n($\\mathbb{Z}_2$-SBPT) have been showed making use of geometric-topological\nconcepts of potential energy landscapes. In particular, a $\\mathbb{Z}_2$-SBPT\ncan be triggered by double-well potentials, or in an equivalent way, by\ndumbbell-shaped equipotential surfaces. In this paper we introduce a model with\na classical $\\mathbb{Z}_2$-SBPT which, due to its essential feature, shows in\nthe clearest way the generating-mechanism of a $\\mathbb{Z}_2$-SBPT above\nmentioned. Despite the model is not a physical model, it has all the features\nof such a model with the same kind of SBPT. At the end of the paper a\ncomparison with the $\\phi^4$ model is made. The model may be useful for\ndidactic purposes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ordering dynamics of self-propelled particles in an inhomogeneous medium: Ordering dynamics of self-propelled particles in an inhomogeneous medium in\ntwo-dimensions is studied. We write coarse-grained hydrodynamic equations of\nmotion for coarse-grained density and velocity fields in the presence of an\nexternal random disorder field, which is quenched in time. The strength of\ninhomogeneity is tuned from zero disorder (clean system) to large disorder. In\nthe clean system, the velocity field grows algebraically as $L_{\\rm V} \\sim\nt^{0.5}$. The density field does not show clean power-law growth; however, it\nfollows $L_{\\rm \\rho} \\sim t^{0.8}$ approximately. In the inhomogeneous system,\nwe find a disorder dependent growth. For both the density and the velocity,\ngrowth slow down with increasing strength of disorder. The velocity shows a\ndisorder dependent power-law growth $L_{\\rm V}(t,\\Delta) \\sim t^{1/\\bar z_{\\rm\nV}(\\Delta)}$ for intermediate times. At late times, there is a crossover to\nlogarithmic growth $L_{\\rm V}(t,\\Delta) \\sim (\\ln t)^{1/\\varphi}$, where\n$\\varphi$ is a disorder independent exponent. Two-point correlation functions\nfor the velocity shows dynamical scaling, but the density does not.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation relations: a pedagogical overview: The fluctuation relations have received considerable attention since their\nemergence and development in the 1990s. We present a summary of the main\nresults and suggest ways to interpret this material. Starting with a\nconsideration of the under-determined time evolution of a simple open system,\nformulated using continuous Markovian stochastic dy- namics, an expression for\nthe entropy generated over a time interval is developed in terms of the\nprobability of observing a trajectory associated with a prescribed driving\nprotocol, and the probability of its time-reverse. This forms the basis for a\ngeneral theoretical description of non-equilibrium thermodynamic pro- cesses.\nHaving established a connection between entropy production and an inequivalence\nin probability for forward and time-reversed events, we proceed in the manner\nof Sekimoto and Seifert, in particular, to derive results in stochastic\nthermodynamics: a description of the evolution of a system between equilibrium\nstates that ties in with well-established thermodynamic expectations. We derive\nfluctuation relations, state conditions for their validity, and illustrate\ntheir op- eration in some simple cases, thereby providing some introductory\ninsight into the various celebrated symmetry relations that have emerged in\nthis field."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Cluster Expansion for Dipole Gases: We give a new proof of the well-known upper bound on the correlation function\nof a gas of non-overlapping dipoles of fixed length and discrete orientation\nworking directly in the charge representation, instead of the more usual\nsine-Gordon representation.",
        "positive": "Numerical Simulation and the Universality Class of the KPZ Equation for\n  Curved Substrates: The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation for surface growth has been analyzed\nfor over three decades. Some experiments indicated the power law for the\ninterface width, $w(t)\\sim t^\\beta$, remains the same as in growth on planar\nsurfaces. Escudero (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 100}, 116101, 2008) argued, however,\nthat for the radial KPZ equations in (1+1)-dimension $w(t)$ should increase as\n$w(t)\\sim [\\ln(t)]^{1/2}$ in the long-time limit. Krug (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf\n102}, 139601, 2009) argued, however, that the dynamics of the interface must\nremain unchanged with a change in the geometry. Other studies indicated that\nfor radial growth the exponent $\\beta$ should remain the same as that of the\nplanar case, regardless of whether the growth is linear or nonlinear, but that\nthe saturation regime will not be reached anymore. We present the results of\nextensive numerical simulations in (1+1)-dimensions of the radial KPZ equation,\nstarting from an initial circular substrate. We find that unlike the KPZ\nequation for flat substrates, the transition from linear to nonlinear\nuniversality classes is not sharp. Moreover, in the long-time limit the\ninterface width exhibits logarithmic growth with the time, instead of\nsaturation. We also find that evaporation dominates the growth process when the\ncoefficient of the nonlinear term in the KPZ equation is small, and that the\naverage radius of the interface decreases with time and reaches a minimum but\nnot zero value."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on ``Diffusion of Ionic Particles in Charged Disordered Media'': This comment points out that simulation results of Mehrabi and Sahimi [Phys.\nRev. Lett. 82, 735 (1999)] are iconsistent with exact bounds, renormalization\ngroup calculations, and previous numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "A local criterion of topological phase transitions: A local criterion of topological phase transitions is established based on\nthe Morse theory: a topological phase transition occurs when the count of Morse\ncritical points of the order function changes. The locations in space where\nthis change occurs are referred to as spatial critical points of the\ntopological phase transition. In cases of continuous topological phase\ntransitions, these spatial critical points are identified through the emergence\nof degenerate Morse critical points, where local maxima and minima of the order\nfunction split or merge. This resembles the formation and annihilation of a\nparticle-antiparticle pair. The wide-ranging applicability of this criterion is\ndemonstrated through three case studies that explore topological phase\ntransitions in both configuration space and reciprocal space. Every topological\nphase transition is linked to a localized physical process that cannot be\ncomprehended solely by studying changes in a global quantity, such as a\ntopological invariant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On completeness of description of an equilibrium canonical ensemble by\n  reduced s-particle distribution function: In this article it is shown that in a classical equilibrium canonical\nensemble of molecules with $s$-body interaction full Gibbs distribution can be\nuniquely expressed in terms of a reduced s-particle distribution function. This\nmeans that whenever a number of particles $N$ and a volume $V$ are fixed the\nreduced $s$-particle distribution function contains as much information about\nthe equilibrium system as the whole canonical Gibbs distribution. The latter is\nrepresented as an absolutely convergent power series relative to the reduced\n$s$-particle distribution function. As an example a linear term of this\nexpansion is calculated. It is also shown that reduced distribution functions\nof order less than $s$ don't possess such property and, to all appearance,\ncontain not all information about the system under consideration.",
        "positive": "Molecular velocity auto-correlations in glycerol/water mixtures studied\n  by NMR MGSE method: Molecular dynamics in binary mixtures of water and glycerol was studied by\nmeasuring the spectrum of water velocity auto-correlation in the frequency\nrange from 0.05 to 10 kHz by using the NMR method of modulated gradient spin\necho. The method shows that the diversity of diffusion signature in the short\nspin trajectories provides information about heterogeneity of molecular motion\ndue to the motion in the micro-vortexes of hydrodynamic fluctuation, which is\nespecially pronounced for the mixtures with the low glycerol content. As\nconcentration of glycerol increases above 10vol%, a new feature of spectrum\nappears due to interaction of water molecules with the clusters formed around\nhydrophilic glycerol molecules. New spectrum exposes a rate thickening of\nmolecular friction, according to Einstein-Smoluchowski-Kubo formula, which\ninhibits rapid molecular motions and creates the conditions for a slow process\nof spontaneously folding of disordered poly-peptides into biologically active\nprotein molecules when immersed in such a mixture."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shock propagation in the hard sphere gas in two dimensions: comparison\n  between simulations and hydrodynamics: We study the radial distribution of pressure, density, temperature and flow\nvelocity fields at different times in a two dimensional hard sphere gas that is\ninitially at rest and disturbed by injecting kinetic energy in a localized\nregion through large scale event driven molecular dynamics simulations. For\nlarge times, the growth of these distributions are scale invariant. The\nhydrodynamic description of the problem, obtained from the continuity equations\nfor the three conserved quantities -- mass, momentum, and energy -- is\nidentical to those used to describe the hydrodynamic regime of a blast wave\npropagating through a medium at rest, following an intense explosion, a classic\nproblem in gas dynamics. Earlier work showed that the results from simulations\nmatched well with the predictions from hydrodynamics in two dimensions, but did\nnot match well in three dimensions. To resolve this contradiction, we perform\nlarge scale simulations in two dimensions, and show that like in three\ndimensions, hydrodynamics does not describe the simulation data well. To\naccount for this discrepancy, we check in our simulations the different\nassumptions of the hydrodynamic approach like local equilibrium, existence of\nan equation of state, neglect of heat conduction and viscosity.",
        "positive": "Critical branching processes in digital memcomputing machines: Memcomputing is a novel computing paradigm that employs time non-locality\n(memory) to solve combinatorial optimization problems. It can be realized in\npractice by means of non-linear dynamical systems whose point attractors\nrepresent the solutions of the original problem. It has been previously shown\nthat during the solution search digital memcomputing machines go through a\ntransient phase of avalanches (instantons) that promote dynamical long-range\norder. By employing mean-field arguments we predict that the distribution of\nthe avalanche sizes follows a Borel distribution typical of critical branching\nprocesses with exponent $\\tau= 3/2$. We corroborate this analysis by solving\nvarious random 3-SAT instances of the Boolean satisfiability problem. The\nnumerical results indicate a power-law distribution with exponent $\\tau = 1.51\n\\pm 0.02$, in very good agreement with the mean-field analysis. This indicates\nthat memcomputing machines self-tune to a critical state in which avalanches\nare characterized by a branching process, and that this state persists across\nthe majority of their evolution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On statistics and 1/f noise of Brownian motion in Boltzmann-Grad gas and\n  finite gas on torus. I. Infinite gas: An attempt is made to compare statistical properties of self-diffusion of\nparticles constituting gases in infinite volume and on torus. In this first\npart, equations are derived which represent roughened but solvable variant of\nthe collisional approximation to exact BBGKY equations. With their help,\nstatistics of Brownian motion in infinite gas is considered, under the\nBoltzmann-Grad limit, and shown to be essentially non-Gaussian, involving 1/f\nfluctuations in diffusivity.",
        "positive": "Stalled response near thermal equilibrium in periodically driven systems: The question of how systems respond to perturbations is ubiquitous in\nphysics. Predicting this response for large classes of systems becomes\nparticularly challenging if many degrees of freedom are involved and linear\nresponse theory cannot be applied. Here, we consider isolated many-body quantum\nsystems which either start out far from equilibrium and then thermalize, or\nfind themselves near thermal equilibrium from the outset. We show that\ntime-periodic perturbations of moderate strength, in the sense that they do not\nheat up the system too quickly, give rise to the following phenomenon of\nstalled response: While the driving usually causes quite considerable reactions\nas long as the unperturbed system is far from equilibrium, the driving effects\nare strongly suppressed when the unperturbed system approaches thermal\nequilibrium. Likewise, for systems prepared near thermal equilibrium, the\nresponse to the driving is barely noticeable right from the beginning.\nNumerical results are complemented by a quantitatively accurate analytical\ndescription and by simple qualitative arguments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Symmetry-breaking morphological transitions at chemically nanopatterned\n  walls: We study the structure and morphological changes of fluids that are in\ncontact with solid composites formed by alternating and microscopically wide\nstripes of two different materials. One type of the stripes interacts with the\nfluid via long-ranged Lennard-Jones-like potential and tends to be completely\nwet, while the other type is purely repulsive and thus tends to be completely\ndry. We consider closed systems with a fixed number of particles that allows\nfor stabilization of fluid configurations breaking the lateral symmetry of the\nwall potential. These include liquid morphologies corresponding to a sessile\ndrop that is formed by a sequence of bridging transitions that connect\nneighboring wet regions adsorbed at the attractive stripes. We study the\ncharacter of the transitions depending on the wall composition, stripes width,\nand system size. Using a (classical) nonlocal density functional theory (DFT),\nwe show that the transitions between different liquid morphologies are\ntypically weakly first-order but become rounded if the wavelength of the system\nis lower than a certain critical value $L_c$. We also argue that in the\nthermodynamic limit, i.e., for macroscopically large systems, the wall becomes\nwet via an infinite sequence of first-order bridging transitions that are,\nhowever, getting rapidly weaker and weaker and eventually become\nindistinguishable from a continuous process as the size of the bridging drop\nincreases. Finally, we construct the global phase diagram and study the density\ndependence of the contact angle of the bridging drops using DFT density\nprofiles and a simple macroscopic theory.",
        "positive": "Strong disorder fixed points in the two-dimensional random-bond Ising\n  model: The random-bond Ising model on the square lattice has several disordered\ncritical points, depending on the probability distribution of the bonds. There\nare a finite-temperature multicritical point, called Nishimori point, and a\nzero-temperature fixed point, for both a binary distribution where the coupling\nconstants take the values +/- J and a Gaussian disorder distribution. Inclusion\nof dilution in the +/- J distribution (J=0 for some bonds) gives rise to\nanother zero-temperature fixed point which can be identified with percolation\nin the non-frustrated case (J >= 0). We study these fixed points using\nnumerical (transfer matrix) methods. We determine the location, critical\nexponents, and central charge of the different fixed points and study the\nspin-spin correlation functions. Our main findings are the following: (1) We\nconfirm that the Nishimori point is universal with respect to the type of\ndisorder, i.e. we obtain the same central charge and critical exponents for the\n+/- J and Gaussian distributions of disorder. (2) The Nishimori point, the\nzero-temperature fixed point for the +/- J and Gaussian distributions of\ndisorder, and the percolation point in the diluted case all belong to mutually\ndistinct universality classes. (3) The paramagnetic phase is re-entrant below\nthe Nishimori point, i.e. the zero-temperature fixed points are not located\nexactly below the Nishimori point, neither for the +/- J distribution, nor for\nthe Gaussian distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Onsager coefficients in a coupled-transport model displaying a\n  condensation transition: We study nonequilibrium steady states of a one-dimensional stochastic model,\noriginally introduced as an approximation of the Discrete Nonlinear\nSchr\\\"odinger equation. This model is characterized by two conserved\nquantities, namely mass and energy; it displays a ``normal\", homogeneous phase,\nseparated by a condensed (negative-temperature) phase, where a macroscopic\nfraction of energy is localized on a single lattice site. When steadily\nmaintained out of equilibrium by external reservoirs, the system exhibits\ncoupled transport herein studied within the framework of linear response\ntheory. We find that the Onsager coefficients satisfy an exact scaling\nrelationship, which allows reducing their dependence on the thermodynamic\nvariables to that on the energy density for unitary mass density. We also\ndetermine the structure of the nonequilibrium steady states in proximity of the\ncritical line, proving the existence of paths which partially enter the\ncondensed region. This phenomenon is a consequence of the Joule effect: the\ntemperature increase induced by the mass current is so strong as to drive the\nsystem to negative temperatures. Finally, since the model attains a diverging\ntemperature at finite energy, in such a limit the energy-mass conversion\nefficiency reaches the ideal Carnot value.",
        "positive": "Probability distribution of the order parameter in the directed\n  percolation universality class: The probability distributions of the order parameter for two models in the\ndirected percolation universality class were evaluated. Monte Carlo simulations\nhave been performed for the one-dimensional generalized contact process and the\nDomany-Kinzel cellular automaton. In both cases, the density of active sites\nwas chosen as the order parameter. The criticality of those models was obtained\nby solely using the corresponding probability distribution function. It has\nbeen shown that the present method, which has been successfully employed in\ntreating equilibrium systems, is indeed also useful in the study of\nnonequilibrium phase transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo simulations for Ising spins with spin greater than 1/2\n  applied to the square and triangular lattices with antiferromagnetic\n  interactions and comparing results using Kawasaki and Glauber dynamics: This paper has a pedagogical introduction. We describe the correct method for\nperforming Monte Carlo simulations of Ising model systems with spin greater\nthan one half. Correct and incorrect procedures are clearly outlined and the\nconsequences of using the incorrect procedure are shown. The difference between\nKawasaki and Glauber dynamics is then outlined and both methods are applied to\nthe antiferromagnetic square and triangular lattices for S =1.",
        "positive": "Full counting statistics and fluctuation-dissipation relation for\n  periodically driven two-state systems: We derive the fluctuation theorem for a stochastic and periodically driven\nsystem coupled to two reservoirs with the aid of a master equation. We write\ndown the cumulant generating functions for both the current and entropy\nproduction in closed compact forms so as to treat the adiabatic and\nnonadiabatic contributions systematically. We derive the fluctuation theorem by\ntaking into account the time reversal symmetry and the property that the\ninstantaneous currents flowing into the left and the right reservoir are not\nequal. It is found that the fluctuation-dissipation relation derived from the\nfluctuation theorem involves an expansion with respect to the time derivative\nof the affinity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition: an introduction for the\n  intrepid student: This is a set of notes recalling some of the most important results on the XY\nmodel from the ground up. They are meant for a junior researcher wanting to get\naccustomed to the Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition in the context of the 2D\nclassical XY model. The connection to the 2D Coulomb gas is presented in\ndetail, as well as the renormalization group flow obtained from this dual\nrepresentation. A numerical Monte-Carlo approach to the classical XY model is\npresented. Finally, two physical setting that realize the celebrated\nKosterlitz-Thouless phase transition are presented: superfluid and liquid\ncrystal thin films.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Energetics of Non-uniform Temperature Systems: We propose an energetic interpretation ofstochastic processes described by\nLangevin equations with non-uniform temperature. In order to avoid\nIt\\^{o}-Stratonovich dilemma, we start with a Kramers equation, and derive a\nFokker-Plank equation by the renormalization group method. We give a proper\ndefinition of heat for the system. Based on our formulations,we analyze two\nexamples, the Thomson effect and a Brownian motor which realizes the Carnot\nefficiency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Metropolis and Wang-Landau Algorithms: Metropolis algorithm has been extensively employed for simulating a canonical\nensemble and estimating macroscopic properties of a closed system at any\ndesired temperature. A mechanical property, like energy can be calculated by\naveraging over a large number of micro states of the stationary Markov chain\ngenerated by the Metropolis algorithm. However thermal properties like entropy,\nand free energies are not easily accessible. A method called umbrella sampling\nwas proposed some forty years ago for this purpose. Ever since, umbrella\nsampling has undergone several metamorphoses and we have now multi canonical\nMonte Carlo, entropic sampling, flat histogram methods, Wang-Landau algorithm\netc. In these talks I shall tell you of Metropolis algorithm for estimating\nmechanical properties and of Wang-Landau algorithm for estimating both\nmechanical and thermal properties of an equilibrium system. I shall make these\nlectures as pedagogical and self-contained as possible.",
        "positive": "Smoothly-varying hopping rates in driven flow with exclusion: We consider the one-dimensional totally asymmetric simple exclusion process\n(TASEP) with position-dependent hopping rates. The problem is solved,in a mean\nfield/adiabatic approximation, for a general (smooth) form of spatial rate\nvariation. Numerical simulations of systems with hopping rates varying linearly\nagainst position (constant rate gradient), for both periodic and open boundary\nconditions, provide detailed confirmation of theoretical predictions,\nconcerning steady-state average density profiles and currents, as well as\nopen-system phase boundaries, to excellent numerical accuracy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "System-Environment Entanglement Phase Transitions: Entanglement in quantum many-body systems can exhibit universal phenomena\ngoverned by long-distance properties. We study universality and phase\ntransitions of the entanglement inherent to open many-body systems, namely, the\nentanglement between a system of interest and its environment. Specifically, we\nconsider the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) under a local measurement and\nanalyze its unconditioned nonunitary evolution, where the measurement outcomes\nare averaged over. We quantify the system-environment entanglement by the\nR\\'enyi entropy of the post-measurement density matrix, whose size-independent\nterm encodes the universal low-energy physics. We develop a field-theoretical\ndescription to relate the universal term to the $g$ function in a boundary\nconformal field theory (CFT), and use the renormalization group (RG) method and\nthe boundary CFT techniques to determine its value. We show that the universal\ncontribution is determined by the TLL parameter $K$ and can exhibit singularity\nsignifying an entanglement phase transition. Surprisingly, in certain cases the\nsize-independent contribution can increase as a function of the measurement\nstrength in contrast to what is na\\\"ively expected from the $g$-theorem. We\nargue that this unconventional behavior could be attributed to the dangerously\nirrelevant term which has been found in studies of the resistively shunted\nJosephson junction. We also check these results by numerical calculations in\nthe spin-$\\frac{1}{2}$ XXZ chain subject to a site-resolved measurement.\nPossible experimental realization in ultracold gases, which requires no\npostselections, is discussed.",
        "positive": "The stochastic thermodynamics of a rotating Brownian particle in a\n  gradient flow: We compute the entropy production engendered in the environment from a single\nBrownian particle which moves in a mean flow, and show that it corresponds in\nexpectation to classical near-equilibrium entropy production in the surrounding\nfluid with specific mesoscopic transport coefficients. With temperature\ngradient, extra terms are found which results from the nonlinear interaction\nbetween the particle and the non-equilibrated environment. The calculations are\ncarried out in the multi-time formalism and in the advection-dissipation limit\nwhere the Stokes number (St) of the flow tends to zero and the Peclet number\n(Pe) diverges but the combination St times Pe remains constant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nature of Phase Transitions in a Generalized Complex |psi|^4 Model: We employ Monte Carlo simulations to study a generalized three-dimensional\ncomplex $psi|^4 theory of Ginzburg-Landau form and compare our numerical\nresults with a recent quasi-analytical mean-field type approximation, which\npredicts first-order phase transitions in parts of the phase diagram. As we\nhave shown earlier, this approximation does not apply to the standard\nformulation of the model. This motivated us to introduce a generalized\nHamiltonian with an additional fugacity term controlling implicitly the vortex\ndensity. With this modification we find that the complex |psi|^4 theory can, in\nfact, be tuned to undergo strong first-order phase transitions. The standard\nmodel is confirmed to exhibit continuous transitions which can be characterized\nby XY model exponents, as expected by universality arguments. A few remarks on\nthe two-dimensional case are also made.",
        "positive": "Finite-size scaling and double-crossover critical behavior in\n  two-dimensional incompressible polar active fluids: We study the order-disorder transition in two-dimensional incompressible\nsystems of motile particles with alignment interactions through extensive\nnumerical simulations of the incompressible Toner-Tu (ITT) field theory and a\ndetailed finite-size scaling (FSS) analysis. The transition looks continuous in\nthe explored parameter space, but the effective susceptibility exponent\n$\\gamma/\\nu$ and the dynamic exponent $z$ exhibit a strong, non-monotonic\nvariation on the system size in the form of double crossovers. At small sizes,\nmean-field exponents are observed for the homogeneous $k=0$ mode whereas\nspatial fluctuations follow Gaussian statistics. A first crossover marks the\ndeparture from this regime to one where the system behaves like the equilibrium\nXY model with long-ranged dipolar interaction and vortex excitations. At larger\nsizes, scaling deviates from the dipolar XY behavior and a second crossover is\nobserved, to presumably the asymptotic ITT universality class. At this\ncrossover to genuinely off-equilibrium behavior, advection comes in to expedite\ntransport of fluctuations, suppress large-scale fluctuations and help stabilize\nlong-range order. We obtain estimates and bounds of the universal Binder\ncumulant and exponents of the ITT class. We propose a reduced hydrodynamic\ntheory, previously overlooked, that quantitatively describes the first scaling\nregime. By providing a relatively comprehensive numerical picture and a novel\nanalytical description, our results help elucidate finite-size effects in\ncritical active matter systems, which have been argued to be relevant for\nunderstanding scale-free behavior in real flocks or swarms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probing Yang-Lee Edge Singularity by Central Spin Decoherence: Yang-Lee edge singularities are the branch point of the free energy on the\ncomplex plane of physical parameters and were shown to be the simplest\nuniversality class of phase transitions. However, the Yang-Lee edge\nsingularities have not been regarded as experimentally observable since they\noccur at complex physical parameters, which are unphysical. A recent discovery\nabout the relation between partition functions and probe spin coherence makes\nit experimentally feasible to access the complex plane of physical parameters.\nHowever, how to extract the critical point and the critical exponent of\nYang-Lee edge singularities in many-body systems, which occurs only at\nthermodynamic limit, has still been elusive. Here we show that the quantum\ncoherence of a probe spin coupled to finite-size Ising-type spin systems\npresents universal scaling behavior near the Yang-Lee edge singularity. The\nfinite-size scaling behavior of quantum coherence of the probe spin predicts\nthat one can extract the critical point and the critical exponent of the\nYang-Lee edge singularity of Ising-type spin system in the thermodynamic limit\nfrom the spin coherence measurement of the probe spin coupled to finite\nIsing-type spin systems. This finding provides a practical approach to studying\nthe nature of Yang-Lee edge singularities of many-body systems.",
        "positive": "Directed Percolation with a Wall or Edge: We examine the effects of introducing a wall or edge into a directed\npercolation process. Scaling ansatzes are presented for the density and\nsurvival probability of a cluster in these geometries, and we make the\nconnection to surface critical phenomena and field theory. The results of\nprevious numerical work for a wall can thus be interpreted in terms of surface\nexponents satisfying scaling relations generalising those for ordinary directed\npercolation. New exponents for edge directed percolation are also introduced.\nThey are calculated in mean-field theory and measured numerically in 2+1\ndimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-time scaling of dynamic quantum criticality: We develop a theory of finite-time scaling for dynamic quantum criticality by\nconsidering the competition among an external time scale, an intrinsic reaction\ntime scale and an imaginary time scale arising respectively from an external\ndriving field, the fluctuations of the competing orders and thermal\nfluctuations. Through a successful application in determining the critical\nproperties at zero temperature and the solution of real-time Lindblad master\nequation near a quantum critical point at nonzero temperatures, we show that\nfinite-time scaling offers not only an amenable and systematic approach to\ndetect the dynamic critical properties, but also a unified framework to\nunderstand and explore nonequilibrium dynamics of quantum criticality, which\nshows specificities for open systems.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation Theorems and the Generalised Gibbs Ensemble in Integrable\n  Systems: We derive fluctuation relations for a many-body quantum system prepared in a\nGeneralised Gibbs Ensemble subject to a general nonequilibrium protocol. By\nconsidering isolated integrable systems, we find generalisations to the\nTasaki-Crooks and Jarzynski relations. Our approach is illustrated by studying\nthe one-dimensional quantum Ising model subject to a sudden change in the\ntransverse field, where we find that the statistics of the work done and\nirreversible entropy show signatures of quantum criticality. We discuss these\nfluctuation relations in the context of thermalisation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Mean Field Theory for Percolation Models of the Ising Type: The $q=2$ random cluster model is studied in the context of two mean field\nmodels: The Bethe lattice and the complete graph. For these systems, the\ncritical exponents that are defined in terms of finite clusters have some\nanomalous values as the critical point is approached from the high density side\nwhich vindicates the results of earlier studies. In particular, the exponent\n$\\tilde \\gamma^\\prime$ which characterises the divergence of the average size\nof finite clusters is 1/2 and $\\tilde\\nu^\\prime$, the exponent associated with\nthe length scale of finite clusters is 1/4. The full collection of exponents\nindicates an upper critical dimension of 6. The standard mean field exponents\nof the Ising system are also present in this model ($\\nu^\\prime = 1/2$,\n$\\gamma^\\prime = 1$) which implies, in particular, the presence of two\ndiverging length scales. Furthermore, the finite cluster exponents are stable\nto the addition of disorder which, near the upper critical dimension, may have\ninteresting implications concerning the generality of the disordered\nsystem/correlation length bounds.",
        "positive": "Curie temperature for an Ising model on Archimedean lattices: Critical temperatures for the ferro-paramagnetic transition in the Ising\nmodel are evaluated for five Archimedean lattices, basing on Monte Carlo\nsimulations. The obtained Curie temperatures are 1.25, 1.40, 1.45, 2.15 and\n2.80 [J/k_B] for (3,12^2), (4,6,12), (4,8^2), (3,4,6,4) and (3^4,6) lattices,\nrespectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization group in Statistical Mechanics and Mechanics: gauge\n  symmetries and vanishing beta functions: Two very different problems that can be studied by renormalization group\nmethods are discussed with the aim of showing the conceptual unity that\nrenormalization group has introduced in some areas of theoretical Physics. The\ntwo problems are: the ground state theory of a one dimensional quantum Fermi\nliquid and the existence of quasi periodic motions in classical mechanical\nsystems close to integrable ones. I summarize here the main ideas and show that\nthe two treatments, although completely independent of each other, are\nstrikingly similar.",
        "positive": "Gravitational clustering in N-body simulations: In this talk we discuss some of the main theoretical problems in the\nunderstanding of the statistical properties of gravity. By means of N-body\nsimulations we approach the problem of understanding the r\\^ole of gravity in\nthe clustering of a finite set of N-interacting particles which samples a\nportion of an infinite system. Through the use of the conditional average\ndensity, we study the evolution of the clustering for the system putting in\nevidence some interesting and not yet understood features of the process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Molecular fields and statistical field theory of fluids. Application to\n  interface phenomena: Using the integral transformation, the field-theoretical Hamiltonian of the\nstatistical field theory of fluids is obtained, along with the microscopic\nexpressions for the coefficients of the Hamiltonian. Applying this approach to\nthe liquid-vapor interface, we derive an explicit analytical expression for the\nsurface tension in terms of temperature, density and parameters of\ninter-molecular potential. We also demonstrate that a clear physical\ninterpretation may be given to the formal statistical field arising in the\nintegral transformation - it may be associated with the one-body local\nmicroscopic potential. The results of the theory, lacking any ad-hoc or fitting\nparameters are in a good agreement with available simulation data.",
        "positive": "Waiting and Residence Times of Brownian Interface Fluctuations: We report on the residence times of capillary waves above a given height $h$\nand on the typical waiting time in between such fluctuations. The measurements\nwere made on phase separated colloid-polymer systems by laser scanning confocal\nmicroscopy. Due to the Brownian character of the process, the stochastics vary\nwith the chosen measurement interval $\\Delta t$. In experiments, the discrete\nscanning times are a practical cutoff and we are able to measure the waiting\ntime as a function of this cutoff. The measurement interval dependence of the\nobserved waiting and residence times turns out to be solely determined by the\ntime dependent height-height correlation function $g(t)$. We find excellent\nagreement with the theory presented here along with the experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Topological Filters for Solitons in Coupled Waveguides Networks: We study the propagation of discrete solitons on chains of coupled optical\nwaveguides where finite networks of waveguides are inserted at some points. By\nproperly selecting the topology of these networks, it is possible to control\nthe transmission of traveling solitons: we show here that inhomogeneous\nwaveguide networks may be used as filters for soliton propagation. Our results\nprovide a first step in the understanding of the interplay/competition between\ntopology and nonlinearity for soliton dynamics in optical fibers.",
        "positive": "General formalism of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, a path\n  approach: In this paper we develop a general formalism of a path approach for\nnon-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Firstly, we consider the classical Gibbs\napproach for states and find that this formalism is ineffective for\nnon-equilibrium phenomena because it is based on a distribution of\nprobabilities indirectly. Secondly, we develop a path formalism which is\ndirectly based on the distribution of probabilities and therefore significantly\nsimplifies the analytical approach. The new formalism requires generalizing the\n'static', state quantities of a system, like entropy or free energy potential,\nto their path analogues. Also we obtain a path balance equation and an equation\nof equilibrium path. For the distribution of probabilities we obtain a\nfunctional dependence similar to the Feynman's path integral formalism of\naction, only now the role of a Hamiltonian is played by the state entropy. For\nthe production of the state free energy we illustrate a significant dependence\non the type of system's connectivity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Uneven Distribution of Numbers in Nature: Suppose you look at today's stock prices and bet on the value of the first\ndigit. One could guess that a fair bet should correspond to the frequency of\n$1/9 = 11.11%$ for each digit from 1 to 9. This is by no means the case, and\none can easily observe a strong prevalence of the small values over the large\nones. The first three integers 1,2 and 3 alone have globally a frequency of 60%\nwhile the other six values 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 appear only in 40% of the cases.\nThis situation is actually much more general than the stock market and it\noccurs in a variety of number catalogs related to natural phenomena. The first\nobservation of this property traces back to S. Newcomb in 1881 but a more\nprecise account was given by F. Benford in 1938. In this note we illustrate\nthese observations with the enlightening specific example of the stock market.\nWe also identify the general mechanism for the origin of this uneven\ndistribution in the multiplicative nature of fluctuations in economics and in\nmany natural phenomena. This provides a natural explanation for the ubiquitous\npresence of the Benford's law in many different phenomena with the common\nelement that their fluctuations refer to a fraction of their values. This\nbrings us close to the problem of the spontaneous origin of scale invariant\nproperties in various phenomena which is a debated question at the frontier of\ndifferent fields.",
        "positive": "Criticality in confined ionic fluids: A theory of a confined two dimensional electrolyte is presented. The positive\nand negative ions, interacting by a $1/r$ potential, are constrained to move on\nan interface separating two solvents with dielectric constants $\\epsilon_1$ and\n$\\epsilon_2$. It is shown that the Debye-H\\\"uckel type of theory predicts that\nthe this 2d Coulomb fluid should undergo a phase separation into a coexisting\nliquid (high density) and gas (low density) phases. We argue, however, that the\nformation of polymer-like chains of alternating positive and negative ions can\nprevent this phase transition from taking place."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistics of precursors to fingering processes: We present an analysis of the statistical properties of hydrodynamic field\nfluctuations which reveal the existence of precursors to fingering processes.\nThese precursors are found to exhibit power law distributions, and these power\nlaws are shown to follow from spatial $q$-Gaussian structures which are\nsolutions to the generalized non-linear diffusion equation.",
        "positive": "Applications of Small-World Networks to some Socio-economic Systems: Small-world networks (SWN) are found to be closer to the real social systems\nthan both regular and random lattices. Then, a model for the evolution of\neconomic systems is generalized to SWN. The Sznajd model for the two-state\nopinion formation problem is applied to SWN. Then a simple definition of\nleaders is included. These models explain some socio-economic aspects."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Loop transfer matrix and gonihedric loop diffusion: We study a class of statistical systems which simulate 3D gonihedric system\non euclidean lattice. We have found the exact partition function of the\n3D-model and the corresponding critical indices analysing the transfer matrix\n$K(P_{i},P_{f})$ which describes the propagation of loops on a lattice. The\nconnection between 3D gonihedric system and 2D-Ising model is clearly seen.",
        "positive": "Time evolution of the reaction front in a subdiffusive system: Using the quasistatic approximation, we show that in a subdiffusion--reaction\nsystem the reaction front $x_{f}$ evolves in time according to the formula\n$x_{f} \\sim t^{\\alpha/2}$, with $\\alpha$ being the subdiffusion parameter. The\nresult is derived for the system where the subdiffusion coefficients of\nreactants differ from each other. It includes the case of one static reactant.\nAs an application of our results, we compare the time evolution of reaction\nfront extracted from experimental data with the theoretical formula and we find\nthat the transport process of organic acid particles in the tooth enamel is\nsubdiffusive."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimized finite-time information machine: We analyze a periodic optimal finite-time two-state information-driven\nmachine that extracts work from a single heat bath exploring imperfect\nmeasurements. Two models are considered, a memory-less one that ignores past\nmeasurements and an optimized model for which the feedback scheme consists of a\nprotocol depending on the whole history of measurements. Depending on the\nprecision of the measurement and on the period length the optimized model\ndisplays a phase transition to a phase where measurements are judged as\nnon-reliable. We obtain the critical line exactly and show that the optimized\nmodel leads to more work extraction in comparison to the memory-less model,\nwith the gain parameter being larger in the region where the frequency of\nnon-reliable measurements is higher. We also demonstrate that the model has two\nsecond law inequalities, with the extracted work being bounded by the change of\nthe entropy of the system and by the mutual information.",
        "positive": "Spectral Equivalence of Bosons and Fermions in One-Dimensional Harmonic\n  Potentials: Recently, Schmidt and Schnack (cond-mat/9803151, cond-mat/9810036), following\nearlier references, reiterate that the specific heat of N non-interacting\nbosons in a one-dimensional harmonic well equals that of N fermions in the same\npotential. We show that this peculiar relationship between specific heats\nresults from a more dramatic equivalence between bose and fermi systems.\nNamely, we prove that the excitation spectrums of such bose and fermi systems\nare spectrally equivalent. Two complementary proofs are provided, one based on\nan analysis of the dynamical symmetry group of the N-body system, the other\nusing combinatoric analysis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The principle of microreversibility and the fluctuation relations for\n  quantum systems driven out of equilibrium: For classical systems driven out of equilibrium, Crooks derived a relation\n(the Crooks-Jarzynski relation), whose special cases include a relation (the\nCrooks relation) equivalent to the Kawasaki non-linear response relation. We\nderive a quantum extension of the Crooks-Jarzynski relation without explicitly\nusing the principle of microreversibility. Its special cases lead to the\nJarzynski equality and the standard linear response theory with a Green-Kubo\nformula with a canonical correlation function. We also derive a quantum\nextension of the Crooks relation using the principle of microreversibility. Its\nspecial cases lead to the Jarzynski equality, the Crooks transient fluctuation\ntheorem, and the fluctuation theorem for current or shear stress, which leads\nto a Green-Kubo formula with a symmetrized correlation function. For each\nquantum Crooks relation, there exists a corresponding quantum Crooks-Jarzynski\nrelation. Using either relation, we can derive the Jarzynski equality, the\nfluctuation theorems mentioned above, and the standard linear response theory.",
        "positive": "Possible Size Dependence of Distribution Functions of Classic, Boson,\n  and Fermion Assemblies: I derived the size dependence of distribution function for classic, boson,\nand fermion assemblies. I did not use the Stirling approximation so that\ndeviation contributed by this approximation at small number of particles can be\navoided. I identified that the size dependence of the distribution function is\ncontained in the fermi energy or chemical potential. My results seem to match\nfew reports on the dependence of fermi energy or chemical potential on particle\nsize of several nanometer sized materials"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal prethermalization dynamics of entanglement entropies after a\n  global quench: We consider the quantum XY model and study the effects of interacting\nperturbations on the time evolution of the von Neumann and R\\'enyi entropies of\nspin blocks after global quenches. We show that the entropies are sensitive to\nperturbations that break hidden symmetries behind the integrability of the\nmodel. At times much larger than the characteristic time of the well-known\nlinear increase of the entropies, we identify a time window characterized by a\nnovel linear growth followed by saturation. The typical time of the phenomenon\nis inversely proportional to the perturbation strength and the behavior is\ntrigger off by the extinction of an infinite number of local conservation laws\nfollowing a non-abelian algebra. The universality of the crossover is revealed\nby a semi-classical picture that captures the leading behavior of the\nentropies. We check our theoretical predictions against iTEBD simulations. The\ngood agreement between theory and numerics substantiates the method developed\nin [Bertini and Fagotti, J. Stat. Mech. (2015) P07012] for investigating a\npre-relaxation limit in weakly interacting models.",
        "positive": "Consequence of anisotropy on flocking: the discretized Vicsek model: We numerically study a discretized Vicsek model (DVM) with particles\norienting in $q$ possible orientations in two dimensions. The study probes the\nsignificance of anisotropic orientation and microscopic interaction on the\nmacroscopic behavior. The DVM is an off-lattice flocking model like the active\nclock model [ACM; EPL {\\bf 138}, 41001 (2022)] but the dynamical rules of\nparticle alignment and movement are inspired by the prototypical Vicsek model\n(VM). The DVM shows qualitatively similar properties as the ACM for\nintermediate noise strength where a transition from macrophase to microphase\nseparation of the coexistence region is observed as $q$ is increased. But for\nsmall $q$ and noise strength, the liquid phase appearing in the ACM at low\ntemperatures is replaced in the DVM by a configuration of multiple clusters\nwith different polarization which does not exhibit any long-range order. We\nfind that the dynamical rules have a profound influence on the overarching\nfeatures of the flocking phase. We further identify the metastability of the\nordered liquid phase subjected to a perturbation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Numerical treatment of nonlinear Fourier and Maxwell-Cattaneo-Vernotte\n  heat transport equations: The second law of thermodynamics is a useful and universal tool to derive the\ngeneralizations of the Fourier's law. In many cases, only linear relations are\nconsidered between the thermodynamic fluxes and forces, i.e., the conduction\ncoefficients are independent of the temperature. In the present paper, we\ninvestigate a particular nonlinearity in which the thermal conductivity depends\non the temperature linearly. Also, that assumption is extended to the\nrelaxation time, which appears in the hyperbolic generalization of Fourier's\nlaw, namely the Maxwell-Cattaneo-Vernotte (MCV) equation. Although such\nnonlinearity in the Fourier heat equation is well-known in the literature, its\nextension onto the MCV equation is rarely applied. Since these nonlinearities\nhave significance from an experimental point of view, an efficient way is\nneeded to solve the system of partial differential equations. In the following,\nwe present a numerical method that is first developed for linear generalized\nheat equations. The related stability conditions are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Pair Wave Functions in a Bose Liquid: Pair wave functions (PWF) which are eigenfunctions of the reduced density\n2-matrix are considered for a homogeneous Bose liquid. With the Bogoliubov\nprinciple of the correlation weakening it is proved that the distribution of\nthe \"dissociated\" pair states over momenta is exactly the product of the\nsingle-particle distribution functions. Thus, the \"dissociated\" pair states are\nnaturally classified as condensate-condensate, condensate-supracondensate and\nsupracondensate-supracondensate ones provided the Bose-Einstein condensate\nexists. The condensate-condensate as well as condensate-supracondensate PWF are\nexpressed in terms of the averages of products of the creation and destruction\nBose operators. This leads to the simple interpretation of the anomalous\naverages as the \"scattering parts\" of the condensate-condensate and\ncondensate-supracondensate PWF. It is shown that in contrast to the Fermi\nliquid, the appearance of the anomalous averages for the Bose liquid does not\nnecessarily mean that there exist bound states of pairs of particles. The PWF\nin the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) approach are found. Given the density of\nthe condensate is not zero, there are no bound pair states in the HFB scheme.\nThe expansion of the pair correlation function in the set of PWF is very useful\nin order to take into account both short-range and long-range spatial\ncorrelations. Applications (possible and already realized) of the formalism\ndeveloped are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical points and quenched disorder: From Harris criterion to rare\n  regions and smearing: We consider the influence of quenched spatial disorder on phase transitions\nin classical and quantum systems. We show that rare strong disorder\nfluctuations can have dramatic effects on critical points. In classical systems\nwith sufficiently correlated disorder or in quantum systems with overdamped\ndynamics they can completely destroy the sharp phase transition by smearing.\nThis is caused by effects similar to but stronger than Griffiths phenomena:\nTrue static order can develop on a rare region while the bulk system is still\nin the disordered phase. We discuss the thermodynamic behavior in the vicinity\nof such a smeared transition using optimal fluctuation theory, and we present\nnumerical results for a two-dimensional model system.",
        "positive": "Critical and non-critical jamming of frictional grains: We probe the nature of the jamming transition of frictional granular media by\nstudying their vibrational properties as a function of the applied pressure p\nand friction coefficient mu. The density of vibrational states exhibits a\ncrossover from a plateau at frequencies omega \\gtrsim omega^*(p,mu) to a linear\ngrowth for omega \\lesssim omega^*(p,mu). We show that omega^* is proportional\nto Delta z, the excess number of contacts per grains relative to the minimally\nallowed, isostatic value. For zero and infinitely large friction, typical\npackings at the jamming threshold have Delta z -> 0, and then exhibit critical\nscaling. We study the nature of the soft modes in these two limits, and find\nthat the ratio of elastic moduli is governed by the distance from isostaticity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Molecular hydrogen isotopes adsorbed on krypton-preplated graphite:\n  Quantum Monte Carlo simulations: Adsorption of ortho-deuterium and para-hydrogen films on a graphite\nsubstrate, pre-plated with a single atomic layer of krypton, is studied\ntheoretically by means of quantum Monte Carlo simulations at low temperature.\nOur model explicitly includes substrate corrugation. Energetic and structural\nproperties of these adsorbed films are computed for a range of hydrogen\ncoverages. Thermodynamically stable adsorbed films are solid, with no clear\nevidence of any liquid-like phase. Quantum exchanges of ortho-deuterium and\npara-hydrogen are essentially absent in this system, down to zero temperature;\nconsequently, this system displays no superfluidity in this limit. Our\nsimulations provide evidence of a stable domain wall fluid at low temperature,\nconsistently with recent experimental observations.",
        "positive": "Phase space sampling and operator confidence with generative adversarial\n  networks: We demonstrate that a generative adversarial network can be trained to\nproduce Ising model configurations in distinct regions of phase space. In\ntraining a generative adversarial network, the discriminator neural network\nbecomes very good a discerning examples from the training set and examples from\nthe testing set. We demonstrate that this ability can be used as an anomaly\ndetector, producing estimations of operator values along with a confidence in\nthe prediction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reconstructed Rough Growing Interfaces; Ridgeline Trapping of Domain\n  Walls: We investigate whether surface reconstruction order exists in stationary\ngrowing states, at all length scales or only below a crossover length, $l_{\\rm\nrec}$. The later would be similar to surface roughness in growing crystal\nsurfaces; below the equilibrium roughening temperature they evolve in a\nlayer-by-layer mode within a crossover length scale $l_{\\rm R}$, but are always\nrough at large length scales. We investigate this issue in the context of KPZ\ntype dynamics and a checker board type reconstruction, using the restricted\nsolid-on-solid model with negative mono-atomic step energies. This is a\ntopology where surface reconstruction order is compatible with surface\nroughness and where a so-called reconstructed rough phase exists in\nequilibrium. We find that during growth, reconstruction order is absent in the\nthermodynamic limit, but exists below a crossover length $l_{\\rm rec}>l_{\\rm\nR}$, and that this local order fluctuates critically. Domain walls become\ntrapped at the ridge lines of the rough surface, and thus the reconstruction\norder fluctuations are slaved to the KPZ dynamics.",
        "positive": "Information Geometry and Universal Bounds on Non-stationary\n  Responsiveness of Markov Dynamics: Markov dynamics can effectively describe a wide range of thermodynamic and\nbiological processes. Understanding how such systems respond to changes in\nenvironmental variables or external inputs is crucial for predicting and\ncontrolling their behaviors. This work presents a set of universal\nthermodynamic bounds on the responsiveness of any Markov system toward\nenvironmental changes. The systems of interest can be arbitrarily far from\nstationary state. The central element of this work is the introduction of\ninformation geometry on the manifold of probability distributions of stochastic\ntrajectories. This work lays the foundation for understanding biological\nprocesses, engineering artificial systems, and exploring the fundamental\nprinciples governing complex systems far from equilibrium."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation functions for time-dependent calculation of linear-response\n  functions: We emphasize the importance of choosing an appropriate correlation function\nto reduce numerical errors in calculating the linear-response function as a\nFourier transformation of a time-dependent correlation function. As an example\nwe take dielectric functions of silicon crystal calculated with a\ntime-dependent method proposed by Iitaka et al. [Phys. Rev. E 56, 1222 (1997)].",
        "positive": "On and beyond entropy production: the case of Markov jump processes: How is it that entropy derivatives almost in their own are characterizing the\nstate of a system close to equilibrium, and what happens further away from it?\nWe explain within the framework of Markov jump processes why fluctuation theory\ncan be based on considerations involving entropy production alone when\nperturbing around the detailed balance condition. Variational principles such\nas that of minimum entropy production are understood in that way. Yet, further\naway from equilibrium, dynamical fluctuations reveal a structure where the\ntime-symmetric sector crucially enters. The fluctuations of densities and\ncurrents get coupled and a time-symmetric notion of dynamical activity becomes\nthe counterpart and equal player to the entropy production. The results are\nsummarized in an extended Onsager-Machlup Lagrangian, which in its quadratic\napproximation is expected to be quite general in governing the small\nfluctuations of nonequilibrium systems whose macroscopic behavior can be\nwritten in terms of a Master equation autonomously describing the\ntime-dependence of densities and currents."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hyperuniformity in two-dimensional periodic and quasiperiodic point\n  patterns: We study hyperuniform properties in various two-dimensional periodic and\nquasiperiodic point patterns. Using the histogram of the two-point distances,\nwe develop an efficient method to calculate the hyperuniformity order metric,\nwhich quantifies the regularity of the hyperuniform point patterns. The results\nare compared with those calculated with the conventional running average\nmethod. To discuss how the lattice symmetry affects the order metric, we treat\nthe trellis and Shastry-Sutherland lattices with the same point density as\nexamples of periodic lattices, and Stampfli hexagonal and dodecagonal\nquasiperiodic tilings with the same point density as examples of quasiperiodic\ntilings. It is found that the order metric for the Shastry-Sutherland lattice\n(Stampfli dodecagonal tilings) is smaller than the other in the periodic\n(quasiperiodic) tiling, meaning that the order metric is deeply related to the\nlattice symmetry. Namely, the point pattern with higher symmetry is\ncharacterized by the smaller order metric when their point densities are\nidentical. Order metrics for several other quasiperiodic tilings are also\ncalculated.",
        "positive": "Localization as an entanglement phase transition in boundary-driven\n  Anderson models: The Anderson localization transition is one of the most well studied examples\nof a zero temperature quantum phase transition. On the other hand, many open\nquestions remain about the phenomenology of disordered systems driven far out\nof equilibrium. Here we study the localization transition in the prototypical\nthree-dimensional, noninteracting Anderson model when the system is driven at\nits boundaries to induce a current carrying non-equilibrium steady state.\nRecently we showed that the diffusive phase of this model exhibits extensive\nmutual information of its non-equilibrium steady-state density matrix. We show\nthat that this extensive scaling persists in the entanglement and at the\nlocalization critical point, before crossing over to a short-range (area-law)\nscaling in the localized phase. We introduce an entanglement witness for\nfermionic states that we name the mutual coherence, which, for fermionic\nGaussian states, is also a lower bound on the mutual information. Through a\ncombination of analytical arguments and numerics, we determine the finite-size\nscaling of the mutual coherence across the transition. These results further\ndevelop the notion of entanglement phase transitions in open systems, with\ndirect implications for driven many-body localized systems, as well as\nexperimental studies of driven-disordered systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transfer Matrices for the Partition Function of the Potts Model on\n  Cyclic and Mobius Lattice Strips: We present a method for calculating transfer matrices for the $q$-state Potts\nmodel partition functions $Z(G,q,v)$, for arbitrary $q$ and temperature\nvariable $v$, on cyclic and M\\\"obius strip graphs $G$ of the square (sq),\ntriangular (tri), and honeycomb (hc) lattices of width $L_y$ vertices and of\narbitrarily great length $L_x$ vertices. For the cyclic case we express the\npartition function as $Z(\\Lambda,L_y \\times L_x,q,v)=\\sum_{d=0}^{L_y} c^{(d)}\nTr[(T_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y,d})^m]$, where $\\Lambda$ denotes lattice type, $c^{(d)}$\nare specified polynomials of degree $d$ in $q$, $T_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y,d}$ is the\ntransfer matrix in the degree-$d$ subspace, and $m=L_x$ ($L_x/2$) for\n$\\Lambda=sq, tri (hc)$, respectively. An analogous formula is given for\nM\\\"obius strips. We exhibit a method for calculating $T_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y,d}$ for\narbitrary $L_y$. Explicit results for arbitrary $L_y$ are given for\n$T_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y,d}$ with $d=L_y$ and $d=L_y-1$. In particular, we find very\nsimple formulas the determinant $det(T_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y,d})$, and trace\n$Tr(T_{Z,\\Lambda,L_y})$. Corresponding results are given for the equivalent\nTutte polynomials for these lattice strips and illustrative examples are\nincluded. We also present formulas for self-dual cyclic strips of the square\nlattice.",
        "positive": "Universality of One-Dimensional Heat Conductivity: We show analytically that the heat conductivity of oscillator chains diverges\nwith system size N as N^{1/3}, which is the same as for one-dimensional fluids.\nFor long cylinders, we use the hydrodynamic equations for a crystal in one\ndimension. This is appropriate for stiff systems such as nanotubes, where the\neventual crossover to a fluid only sets in at unrealistically large N. Despite\nthe extra equation compared to a fluid, the scaling of the heat conductivity is\nunchanged. For strictly one-dimensional chains, we show that the dynamic\nequations are those of a fluid at all length scales even if the static order\nextends to very large N. The discrepancy between our results and numerical\nsimulations on Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chains is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Typicality of nonequilibrium (quasi-)steady currents: The understanding of the emergence of equilibrium statistical mechanics has\nprogressed significantly thanks to developments from typicality, canonical and\ndynamical, and from the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. Here we focus on\na nonequilibrium scenario in which two nonintegrable systems prepared in\ndifferent states are locally and non-extensively coupled to each other. Using\nboth perturbative analysis and numerical exact simulations of up to 28 spin\nsystems, we demonstrate the typical emergence of nonequilibrium (quasi-)steady\ncurrent for weak coupling between the subsystems. We also identify that these\ncurrents originate from a prethermalization mechanism, which is the weak and\nlocal breaking of the conservation of the energy for each subsystem.",
        "positive": "Deconfinement transitions in a generalised XY model: We find the complete phase diagram of a generalised XY model that includes\nhalf-vortices. The model possesses superfluid, pair-superfluid and disordered\nphases, separated by Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transitions for both the\nhalf-vortices and ordinary vortices, as well as an Ising-type transition. There\nalso occurs an unusual deconfining phase transition, where the disordered to\nsuperfluid transition is of Ising rather than KT type. We show by analytical\narguments and extensive numerical simulations that there is a point in the\nphase diagram where the KT transition line meets the deconfining Ising phase\ntransition. We find that the latter extends into the disordered phase not as a\nphase transition, but rather solely as a deconfinement transition. It is best\nunderstood in the dual height model, where on one side of the transition height\nsteps are bound into pairs while on the other they are unbound. We also extend\nthe phase diagram of the dual model, finding both O(2) loop model and\nantiferromagnetic Ising transitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fast Convergence of Path Integrals for Many-body Systems: We generalize a recently developed method for accelerated Monte Carlo\ncalculation of path integrals to the physically relevant case of generic\nmany-body systems. This is done by developing an analytic procedure for\nconstructing a hierarchy of effective actions leading to improvements in\nconvergence of $N$-fold discretized many-body path integral expressions from\n1/N to $1/N^p$ for generic $p$. In this paper we present explicit solutions\nwithin this hierarchy up to level $p=5$. Using this we calculate the low lying\nenergy levels of a two particle model with quartic interactions for several\nvalues of coupling and demonstrate agreement with analytical results governing\nthe increase in efficiency of the new method. The applicability of the\ndeveloped scheme is further extended to the calculation of energy expectation\nvalues through the construction of associated energy estimators exhibiting the\nsame speedup in convergence.",
        "positive": "Field Theory of Propagating Reaction-Diffusion Fronts: The problem of velocity selection of reaction-diffusion fronts has been\nwidely investigated. While the mean field limit results are well known\ntheoretically, there is a lack of analytic progress in those cases in which\nfluctuations are to be taken into account. Here, we construct an analytic\ntheory connecting the first principles of the reaction-diffusion process to an\neffective equation of motion via field-theoretic arguments, and we arrive at\nthe results already confirmed by numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal properties of hard-core bosons confined on one-dimensional\n  lattices: Based on an exact treatment of hard-core bosons confined on one-dimensional\nlattices, we obtain the large distance behavior of the one-particle density\nmatrix, and show how it determines the occupation of the lowest natural orbital\nin the thermodynamic limit. We also study the occupation $\\lambda_{\\eta}$ of\nthe natural orbitals for large-$\\eta$ at low densities. Both quantities show\nuniversal behavior independently of the confining potential. Finite-size\ncorrections and the momentum distribution function for finite systems are also\nanalyzed.",
        "positive": "Finite Temperature Scaling, Bounds, and Inequalities for the\n  Non-interacting Density Functionals: Finite temperature density functional theory requires representations for the\ninternal energy, entropy, and free energy as functionals of the local density\nfield. A central formal difficulty for an orbital-free representation is\nconstruction of the corresponding functionals for non-interacting particles in\nan arbitrary external potential. That problem is posed here in the context of\nthe equilibrium statistical mechanics of an inhomogeneous system. The density\nfunctionals are defined and shown to be equal to the extremal state for a\nfunctional of the reduced one-particle statistical operators. Convexity of the\nlatter functionals implies a class of general inequalities. First, it is shown\nthat the familiar von Weizs\\\"acker lower bound for zero temperature functionals\napplies at finite temperature as well. An upper bound is obtained in terms of a\nsingle-particle statistical operator corresponding to the Thomas-Fermi\napproximation. Next, the behavior of the density functionals under coordinate\nscaling is obtained. The inequalities are exploited to obtain a class of upper\nand lower bounds at constant temperature, and a complementary class at constant\ndensity. The utility of such constraints and their relationship to\ncorresponding results at zero temperature are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal mean first-passage time of a run-and-tumble particle in a class\n  of one-dimensional confining potentials: We consider a run-and-tumble particle (RTP) in one dimension, subjected to a\ntelegraphic noise with a constant rate $\\gamma$, and in the presence of an\nexternal confining potential $V(x) = \\alpha |x|^p$ with $p \\geq 1$. We compute\nthe mean first-passage time (MFPT) at the origin $\\tau_\\gamma(x_0)$ for an RTP\nstarting at $x_0$. We obtain a closed form expression for $\\tau_\\gamma(x_0)$\nfor all $p \\geq 1$, which becomes fully explicit in the case $p=1$, $p=2$ and\nin the limit $p \\to \\infty$. For generic $p>1$ we find that there exists an\noptimal rate $\\gamma_{\\rm opt}$ that minimizes the MFPT and we characterize in\ndetail its dependence on $x_0$. We find that $\\gamma_{\\rm opt} \\propto 1/x_0$\nas $x_0 \\to 0$, while $\\gamma_{\\rm opt}$ converges to a nontrivial constant as\n$x_0 \\to \\infty$. In contrast, for $p=1$, there is no finite optimum and\n$\\gamma_{\\rm opt} \\to \\infty$ in this case. These analytical results are\nconfirmed by our numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Voronoi and Voids Statistics for Super-homogeneous Point Processes: We study the Voronoi and void statistics of super-homogeneous (or\nhyperuniform) point patterns in which the infinite-wavelength density\nfluctuations vanish. Super-homogeneous or hyperuniform point patterns arise in\none-component plasmas, primordial density fluctuations in the Universe, and in\njammed hard-particle packings. We specifically analyze a certain\none-dimensional model by studying size fluctuations and correlations of the\nassociated Voronoi cells. We derive exact results for the complete joint\nstatistics of the size of two Voronoi cells. We also provide a sum rule that\nthe correlation matrix for the Voronoi cells must obey in any space dimension.\nIn contrast to the conventional picture of super-homogeneous systems, we show\nthat infinitely large Voronoi cells or voids can exist in super-homogeneous\npoint processes in any dimension.\n  We also present two heuristic conditions to identify and classify any\nsuper-homogeneous point process in terms of the asymptotic behavior of the void\nsize distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Coulomb-Higgs phase transition of three-dimensional lattice\n  Abelian-Higgs gauge models with noncompact gauge variables and gauge fixing: We study the critical behavior of three-dimensional (3D) lattice\nAbelian-Higgs (AH) gauge models with noncompact gauge variables and\nmulticomponent complex scalar fields, along the transition line between the\nCoulomb and Higgs phases. Previous works that focused on gauge-invariant\ncorrelations provided evidence that, for a sufficiently large number of scalar\ncomponents, these transitions are continuous and associated with the stable\ncharged fixed point of the renormalization-group flow of the 3D AH field theory\n(scalar electrodynamics), in which charged scalar matter is minimally coupled\nwith an electromagnetic field. Here we extend these studies by considering\ngauge-dependent correlations of the gauge and matter fields, in the presence of\ntwo different gauge fixings, the Lorenz and the axial gauge fixing. Our results\nfor N=25 are definitely consistent with the predictions of the AH field theory\nand therefore provide additional evidence for the characterization of the 3D AH\ntransitions along the Coulomb-Higgs line as charged transitions in the AH\nfield-theory universality class. Moreover, our results give additional insights\non the role of the gauge fixing at charged transitions. In particular, we show\nthat scalar correlations are critical only if a hard Lorenz gauge fixing is\nimposed.",
        "positive": "Aging Phenomena during Phase Separation in Fluids: Decay of\n  autocorrelation for vapor-liquid transitions: We performed molecular dynamics simulations to study relaxation phenomena\nduring vapor-liquid transitions in a single component Lennard-Jones system.\nResults from two different overall densities are presented; one in the\nneighborhood of the vapor branch of the coexistence curve and the other being\nclose to the critical density. The nonequilibrium morphologies, growth\nmechanisms and growth laws in the two cases are vastly different. In the low\ndensity case growth occurs via diffusive coalescence of droplets in a\ndisconnected morphology. On the other hand, the elongated structure in the\nhigher density case grows via advective transport of particles inside the\ntube-like liquid domains. The objective in this work has been to identify how\nthe decay of the order-parameter autocorrelation, an important quantity to\nunderstand aging dynamics, differs in the two cases. In the case of the\ndisconnected morphology, we observe a very robust power-law decay, as a\nfunction of the ratio of the characteristic lengths at the observation time and\nat the age of the system, whereas the results for the percolating structure\nappear rather complex. To quantify the decay in the latter case, unlike\nstandard method followed in a previous study, here we have performed a\nfinite-size scaling analysis. Outcome of this analysis shows the presence of a\nstrong preasymptotic correction, while revealing that in this case also, albeit\nin the asymptotic limit, the decay follows a power-law. Even though the\ncorresponding exponents in the two cases differ drastically, this study,\ncombined with a few recent ones, suggests that power-law behavior of this\ncorrelation function is rather universal in coarsening dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of the BCS-BEC crossover: We present a self-consistent theory for the thermodynamics of the BCS-BEC\ncrossover in the normal and superfluid phase which is both conserving and\ngapless. It is based on the variational many-body formalism developed by\nLuttinger and Ward and by DeDominicis and Martin. Truncating the exact\nfunctional for the entropy to that obtained within a ladder approximation, the\nresulting self-consistent integral equations for the normal and anomalous Green\nfunctions are solved numerically for arbitrary coupling. The critical\ntemperature, the equation of state and the entropy are determined as a function\nof the dimensionless parameter $1/k_Fa$, which controls the crossover from the\nBCS-regime of extended pairs to the BEC-regime of tightly bound molecules. The\ntightly bound pairs turn out to be described by a Popov-type approximation for\na dilute, repulsive Bose gas. Even though our approximation does not capture\nthe critical behaviour near the continuous superfluid transition, our results\nprovide a consistent picture for the complete crossover thermodynamics which\ncompare well with recent numerical and field-theoretic approaches at the\nunitarity point.",
        "positive": "Theoretical foundation of detrending methods for fluctuation analysis\n  such as detrended fluctuation analysis and detrending moving average: We present a general framework of detrending methods of fluctuation analysis\nof which detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) is one prominent example. Another\nmore recently introduced method is detrending moving average (DMA). Both\nmethods are constructed differently but are similarly able to detect long-range\ncorrelations as well as anomalous diffusion even in the presence of\nnonstationarities. In this article we describe their similarities in a general\nframework of detrending methods. We establish this framework independently of\nthe definition of DFA or DMA but by investigating the failure of standard\nstatistical tools applied on nonstationary time series, let these be intrinsic\nnonstationarities such as for Brownian pathes, or external ones due to additive\ntrends. In particular, we investigate the sample averaged mean squared\ndisplacement of the summed time series. By modifying this estimator we\nintroduce a general form of the so-called fluctuation function and can\nformulate the framework of detrending methods. A detrending method provides an\nestimator of the fluctuation function which obeys the following principles: The\nfirst relates the scaling behaviour of the fluctuation function to the\nstochastic properties of the time series. The second principles claims\nunbiasedness of the estimatior. This is the centerpiece of the detrending\nprocedure and ensures that the detrending method can be applied to\nnonstationary time series, e.g. FBM or additive trends. Both principles are\nformulated and investigated in detail for DFA and DMA by using the relationship\nbetween the fluctuation function and the autocovariance function of the\nunderlying stochastic process of the time series."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dense loops, supersymmetry, and Goldstone phases in two dimensions: Loop models in two dimensions can be related to O(N) models. The\nlow-temperature dense-loops phase of such a model, or of its reformulation\nusing a supergroup as symmetry, can have a Goldstone broken-symmetry phase for\nN<2. We argue that this phase is generic for -2< N <2 when crossings of loops\nare allowed, and distinct from the model of non-crossing dense loops first\nstudied by Nienhuis [Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1062 (1982)]. Our arguments are\nsupported by our numerical results, and by a lattice model solved exactly by\nMartins et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 504 (1998)].",
        "positive": "Magnetic susceptibility of the square lattice Ising model: In this work, the susceptibility of the square lattice Ising model is\ninvestigated using the recently obtained average magnetization interrelation,\nwhich is given by $\\langle\\sigma_{0, i}\\rangle=\n\\langle\\tanh[K(\\sigma_{1,i}+\\sigma_{2,i}+\\dots +\\sigma_{z,i})+H]\\rangle $.\nHere, $z$ is the number of nearest neighbors, $\\sigma_{0,i}$ denotes the\ncentral spin at the $i^{th}$ site while $\\sigma_{l,i}$, $l=1,2,\\dots,z$, are\nthe nearest neighbor spins around the central spin, $K=J/(k_{B}T)$, where $J$\nis the nearest neighbor coupling constant, $k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann's constant\nand $T$ is the temperature of the system. In our investigation, inevitably we\nhave to make a conjecture about the three-site correlation function appearing\nin the obtained relation of this paper. The conjectured form of the the three\nspin correlation function is given by the relation,\n$\\langle\\sigma_{1}\\sigma_{2}\\sigma_{3}\\rangle=a(K,H)\\langle\\sigma\\rangle+[1-a(K,H)]\\langle\\sigma\\rangle^{(1+\\beta^{-1})}$.\nHere $\\beta$ denotes the critical exponent for the average magnetization and\n$a(K,H)$ is a function whose behavior will be described around the critical\npoint with an arbitrary constant. To elucidate the relevance of the method used\nin this paper, we have first calculated the susceptibility of the 1D chain as\nan example, and the obtained susceptibility expression is seen as equivalent to\nthe result of the susceptibility of the conventional method. The magnetic\ncritical exponent $\\gamma$ of the square lattice Ising model is obtained as\n$\\gamma=1.72$ for $T\\!>\\!T_{c}$, and $\\gamma=0.91$ for $T\\!<\\!T_{c}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum critical point of the Ising chain from boundary effects: We propose two easy-to-study observables in the quantum Ising chain with open\nboundary conditions. They measure the length at which boundaries affect the\nlongitudinal or transverse magnetization. We show that their finite-size\nscaling behaviour encodes the position of the quantum critical point and the\nuniversal scaling exponent $\\nu$. The applicability of proposed observables in\nsmall systems is also discussed. We expect that our results will be useful in\nquantum simulation of spin systems.",
        "positive": "Spontaneous cold-to-hot heat transfer in Knudsen gas: It is well known that, when in a thermal bath, a Knudsen gas may reach a\nnonequilibrium steady state; often, this is not treated as a thermodynamic\nproblem. Here, we show that if incorporated in a large-sized setup, such a\nphenomenon has nontrivial consequences and cannot circumvent thermodynamics:\ncold-to-hot heat transfer may spontaneously occur without an energetic penalty,\neither cyclically (with entropy barriers) or continuously (with an energy\nbarrier). As the system obeys the first law of thermodynamics, the second law\nof thermodynamics cannot be applied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Sampling rare trajectories using stochastic bridges: The numerical quantification of the statistics of rare events in stochastic\nprocesses is a challenging computational problem. We present a sampling method\nthat constructs an ensemble of stochastic trajectories that are constrained to\nhave fixed start and end points (so-called stochastic bridges). We then show\nthat by carefully choosing a set of such bridges and assigning an appropriate\nstatistical weight to each bridge, one can focus more processing power on the\nrare events of a target stochastic process while faithfully preserving the\nstatistics of these rate trajectories. Further, we also compare the stochastic\nbridges produced using our method to the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB)\noptimal paths of the target process, derived in the limit of low noise. We see\nthat the paths produced using our method, encoding the full statistics of the\nprocess, collapse onto the WKB optimal path as the level of noise is reduced.\nWe propose that our method can be used to judge the accuracy of the WKB\napproximation at finite levels of noise.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of symmetry breaking during quantum real-time evolution in a\n  minimal model system: One necessary criterion for the thermalization of a nonequilibrium quantum\nmany-particle system is ergodicity. It is, however, not sufficient in case\nwhere the asymptotic long-time state lies in a symmetry-broken phase but the\ninitial state of nonequilibrium time evolution is fully symmetric with respect\nto this symmetry. In equilibrium one particular symmetry-broken state is chosen\ndue to the presence of an infinitesimal symmetry-breaking perturbation. We\nstudy the analogous scenario from a dynamical point of view: Can an\ninfinitesimal symmetry-breaking perturbation be sufficient for the system to\nestablish a nonvanishing order during quantum real-time evolution? We study\nthis question analytically for a minimal model system that can be associated\nwith symmetry breaking, the ferromagnetic Kondo model. We show that after a\nquantum quench from a completely symmetric state the system is able to break\nits symmetry dynamically and discuss how these features can be observed\nexperimentally."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A mean-field theory for self-propelled particles interacting by velocity\n  alignment mechanisms: A mean-field approach (MFA) is proposed for the analysis of orientational\norder in a two-dimensional system of stochastic self-propelled particles\ninteracting by local velocity alignment mechanism. The treatment is applied to\nthe cases of ferromagnetic (F) and liquid-crystal (LC) alignment. In both\ncases, MFA yields a second order phase transition for a critical noise strength\nand a scaling exponent of 1/2 for the respective order parameters. We find that\nthe critical noise amplitude $\\eta_c$ at which orientational order emerges in\nthe LC case is smaller than in the F-alignment case, i.e.\n$\\eta^{LC}_{C}<\\eta^{F}_{C}$. A comparison with simulations of individual-based\nmodels with F- resp. LC-alignment shows that the predictions about the critical\nbehavior and the qualitative relation between the respective critical noise\namplitudes are correct.",
        "positive": "Nonlinear Fluctuating Hydrodynamics for the Classical XXZ Spin Chain: Using the framework of nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamics (NFH), we examine\nequilibrium spatio-temporal correlations in classical ferromagnetic spin chains\nwith nearest neighbor interactions. In particular, we consider the classical\nXXZ-Heisenberg spin chain (also known as Lattice Landau Lifshitz or LLL model)\nevolving deterministically and chaotically via Hamiltonian dynamics, for which\nenergy and $z$-magnetization are the only locally conserved fields. For the\neasy-plane case, this system has a low-temperature regime in which the\ndifference between neighboring spin's angular orientations in the XY plane is\nan \\textit{almost conserved} field. According to the predictions of NFH, the\ndynamic correlations in this regime exhibit a heat peak and propagating sound\npeaks, all with anomalous broadening. We present a detailed molecular dynamics\ntest of these predictions and find a reasonably accurate verification. We find\nthat, in a suitable intermediate temperature regime, the system shows two sound\npeaks with Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) scaling and a heat peak where the expected\nanomalous broadening is less clear. In high temperature regimes of both easy\nplane and easy axis case of LLL, our numerics show clear diffusive spin and\nenergy peaks and absence of any sound modes, as one would expect. We also\nsimulate an integrable version of the XXZ-model, for which the ballistic\ncomponent instead moves with a broad range of speeds rather than being\nconcentrated in narrower peaks around the sound speed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inequivalence of nonequilibrium path ensembles: the example of\n  stochastic bridges: We study stochastic processes in which the trajectories are constrained so\nthat the process realises a large deviation of the unconstrained process. In\nparticular we consider stochastic bridges and the question of inequivalence of\npath ensembles between the microcanonical ensemble, in which the end points of\nthe trajectory are constrained, and the canonical or s ensemble in which a bias\nor tilt is introduced into the process. We show how ensemble inequivalence can\nbe manifested by the phenomenon of temporal condensation in which the large\ndeviation is realised in a vanishing fraction of the duration (for long\ndurations). For diffusion processes we find that condensation happens whenever\nthe process is subject to a confining potential, such as for the\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck process, but not in the borderline case of dry friction in\nwhich there is partial ensemble equivalence. We also discuss continuous-space,\ndiscrete-time random walks for which in the case of a heavy tailed step-size\ndistribution it is known that the large deviation may be achieved in a single\nstep of the walk. Finally we consider possible effects of several constraints\non the process and in particular give an alternative explanation of the\ninteraction-driven condensation in terms of constrained Brownian excursions.",
        "positive": "Universal scaling in quenches across a discontinuity critical point: We study slow variation (both spatial as well as temporal) of a parameter of\na system in the vicinity of discontinuous quantum phase transitions, in\nparticular, a discontinuity critical point (DCP) (or a first-order critical\npoint). We obtain the universal scaling relations of the density of defects and\nthe residual energy after a temporal quench, while we also unravel the scaling\nof the characteristic length scale associated with a spatial quench of a\nsymmetry breaking field. Considering a spin-1/2 XXZ chain we establish how\nthese scaling relations get modified when the DCP is located at the boundary of\na gapless critical phase; these predictions are also confirmed numerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ising metamagnets in thin film geometry: equilibrium properties: Artificial antiferromagnets and synthetic metamagnets have attracted much\nattention recently due to their potential for many different applications.\nUnder some simplifying assumptions these systems can be modeled by thin Ising\nmetamagnetic films. In this paper we study, using both the Wang/Landau scheme\nand importance sampling Monte Carlo simulations, the equilibrium properties of\nthese films. On the one hand we discuss the microcanonical density of states\nand its prominent features. On the other we analyze canonically various global\nand layer quantities. We obtain the phase diagram of thin Ising metamagnets as\na function of temperature and external magnetic field. Whereas the phase\ndiagram of the bulk system only exhibits one phase transition between the\nantiferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases, the phase diagram of thin Ising\nmetamagnets includes an additional intermediate phase where one of the surface\nlayers has aligned itself with the direction of the applied magnetic field.\nThis additional phase transition is discontinuous and ends in a critical end\npoint. Consequently, it is possible to gradually go from the antiferromagnetic\nphase to the intermediate phase without passing through a phase transition.",
        "positive": "Integrable quantum spin chains with free fermionic and parafermionic\n  spectrum: We present a general study of the large family of exact integrable quantum\nchains with multispin interactions introduced recently in \\cite{AP2020}. The\nexact integrability follows from the algebraic properties of the energy density\noperators defining the quantum chains. The Hamiltonians are characterized by a\nparameter $p=1,2,\\dots$ related to the number of interacting spins in the\nmultispin interaction. In the general case the quantum spins are of infinite\ndimension. In special cases, characterized by the parameter $N=2,3,\\ldots$, the\nquantum chains describe the dynamics of $Z(N)$ quantum spin chains. The\nsimplest case $p=1$ corresponds to the free fermionic quantum Ising chain\n($N=2$) or the $Z(N)$ free parafermionic quantum chain. The eigenenergies of\nthe quantum chains are given in terms of the roots of special polynomials, and\nfor general values of $p$ the quantum chains are characterized by a free\nfermionic ($N=2$) or free parafermionic ($N>2$) eigenspectrum. The models have\na special critical point when all coupling constants are equal. At this point\nthe ground-state energy is exactly calculated in the bulk limit, and our\nanalytical and numerical analyses indicate that the models belong to\nuniversality classes of critical behavior with dynamical critical exponent $z =\n(p+1)/N$ and specific-heat exponent $\\alpha = \\max\\{0,1-(p+1)/N\\}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlation Functions of the Quantum Sine-Gordon Model in and out of\n  Equilibrium: Complete information on the equilibrium behaviour and dynamics of a quantum\nfield theory (QFT) is provided by multipoint correlation functions. However,\ntheir theoretical calculation is a challenging problem, even for exactly\nsolvable models. This has recently become an experimentally relevant problem,\ndue to progress in cold-atom experiments simulating QFT models and directly\nmeasuring higher order correlations. Here we compute correlation functions of\nthe quantum sine-Gordon model, a prototype integrable model of central interest\nfrom both theoretical and experimental points of view. Building upon the\nso-called Truncated Conformal Space Approach, we numerically construct higher\norder correlations in a system of finite size in various physical states of\nexperimental relevance, both in and out of equilibrium. We measure deviations\nfrom Gaussianity due to the presence of interaction and analyse their\ndependence on temperature, explaining the experimentally observed crossover\nbetween Gaussian and non-Gaussian regimes. We find that correlations of excited\nstates are markedly different from the thermal case, which can be explained by\nthe integrability of the system. We also study dynamics after a quench,\nobserving the effects of the interaction on the time evolution of correlation\nfunctions, their spatial dependence, and their non-Gaussianity as measured by\nthe kurtosis.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Approach to Non-Equilibrium Quantum Spin Systems: We investigate a stochastic approach to non-equilibrium quantum spin systems\nbased on recent insights linking quantum and classical dynamics. Exploiting a\nsequence of exact transformations, quantum expectation values can be recast as\naverages over classical stochastic processes. We illustrate this approach for\nthe quantum Ising model by extracting the Loschmidt amplitude and the\nmagnetization dynamics from the numerical solution of stochastic differential\nequations. We show that dynamical quantum phase transitions are accompanied by\nclear signatures in the associated classical distribution functions, including\nthe presence of enhanced fluctuations. We demonstrate that the method is\ncapable of handling integrable and non-integrable problems in a unified\nframework, including those in higher dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamically consistent gradient elasticity with an internal\n  variable: The role of thermodynamics in continuum mechanics and the derivation of the\nproper constitutive relations is a discussed subject of Rational Mechanics. The\nclassical literature did not use the accumulated knowledge of thermostatics and\nwas very critical with the heuristic methods of irreversible thermodynamics. In\nthis paper, a small strain gradient elasticity theory is constructed with\nmemory effects and dissipation. The method is nonequilibrium thermodynamics\nwith internal variables; therefore, the constitutive relations are compatible\nwith thermodynamics by construction. Thermostatic Gibbs relation is introduced\nfor elastic bodies with a single tensorial internal variable. The thermodynamic\npotentials are first-order weakly nonlocal, and the entropy production is\ncalculated. Then the constitutive functions and the evolution equation of the\ninternal variable is constructed. The second law analysis has shown a\ncontribution of gradient terms to the stress, also without dissipation.",
        "positive": "Flocking in one dimension: effect of update rules: In this study the effect of parallel and random-sequential updates on the\ndynamical properties of flocks in one dimension is considered. It is found that\nthe frequency of directional switching is increased for random-sequential\nupdates as compared to a parallel update. The nature of disorder to order\ntransition is also affected by the difference of updating mechanism:\ndiscontinuous for parallel and continuous for random-sequential updates."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Kac-potential treatment of nonintegrable interactions: We consider d-dimensional systems with nonintegrable, algebraically decaying\npairwise interactions. It is shown that, upon introduction of periodic boundary\nconditions and a long-distance cutoff in the interaction range, the bulk\nthermodynamics can be obtained rigorously by means of a Kac-potential\ntreatment, leading to an exact, mean-field-like theory. This explains various\nnumerical results recently obtained for finite systems in the context of\n``nonextensive thermodynamics,'' and in passing exposes a strong regulator\ndependence not discussed in these studies. Our findings imply that, contrary to\nsome claims, Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics are sufficient for a standard\ndescription of this class of nonintegrable interactions.",
        "positive": "Study of the mixed Ising spins (1/2,3/2) in a random crystal field: We study the magnetic properties of a mixed Ising ferrimagnetic system, in\nwhich the two interacting sublattices have spins $\\sigma$, $(\\pm 1/2)$ and\nspins $S$, $(\\pm 3/2,\\pm 1/2)$ in the presence of a random crystal field, with\nthe mean field approach. The obtained results show the existence of some\ninteresting phenomena, such as the appearance of a new ferrimagnetic phase\nnamely the partly ferrimagnetic phase $(m_{\\sigma}=\\frac{-1}{2},m_S=+1)$ and\nconsequently the existence of three topologically different types of phase\ndiagrams. The effect of increasing the exchange interaction parameter $J$, at\nvery low temperature is investigated. The transitions shown in these phase\ndiagrams are in good agreement with those obtained in the ground state case."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An Observational Test of the Critical Earthquake Concept: We test the concept that seismicity prior to a large earthquake can be\nunderstood in terms of the statistical physics of a critical phase transition.\nIn this model, the cumulative seismic strain release increases as a power-law\ntime-to-failure before the final event. Furthermore, the region of correlated\nseismicity predicted by this model is much greater than would be predicted from\nsimple elasto-dynamic interactions. We present a systematic procedure to test\nfor the accelerating seismicity predicted by the critical point model and to\nidentify the region approaching criticality, based on a comparison between the\nobserved cumulative energy (Benioff strain) release and the power-law behavior\npredicted by theory. This method is used to find the critical region before all\nearthquakes along the San Andreas system since 1950 with M 6.5. The statistical\nsignificance of our results is assessed by performing the same procedure on a\nlarge number of randomly generated synthetic catalogs. The null hypothesis,\nthat the observed acceleration in all these earthquakes could result from\nspurious patterns generated by our procedure in purely random catalogs, is\nrejected with 99.5% confidence. An empirical relation between the logarithm of\nthe critical region radius (R) and the magnitude of the final event (M) is\nfound, such that log R \\mu 0.5 M, suggesting that the largest probable event in\na given region scales with the size of the regional fault network.",
        "positive": "Tuning- and order parameter in the SOC ensemble: The one-dimensional Oslo model is studied under self-organized criticality\n(SOC) conditions and under absorbing state (AS) conditions. While the activity\nsignals the phase transition under AS conditions by a sudden increase, this is\nnot the case under SOC conditions. The scaling parameters of the activity are\nfound to be identical under SOC and AS conditions, but in SOC the activity\nlacks a pickup."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic nature of irreversibility in active matter: Active matter describes systems whose constituents convert energy from their\nsurroundings into directed motion, such as bacteria or catalytic colloids. We\nunravel a remarkable direct link between the dynamics and thermodynamics for\nsuspensions of such active particles: The thermodynamic equivalent of\nirreversibility is the swim pressure. Like in the famous fluctuation theorems\nof stochastic thermodynamics, irreversibility is defined as the log-ratio of\nthe probabilities to observe a given set of particle trajectories and their\ntime reverses. Our discovery is thus similar in spirit to what is known for\npassive systems, for which those fluctuation theorems relate the\nirreversibility to the thermodynamic entropy. It is based on numerical\nsimulations and on analytical arguments for the limits of low particle density\nand/or high activity in the paradigmatic model of active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck\nparticles.",
        "positive": "Optimal performance of heat engines with a finite source or sink and\n  inequalities between means: Given a system with a finite heat capacity and a heat reservoir, and two\nvalues of initial temperatures, $T_+$ and $T_- (< T_+)$, we enquire, in which\ncase the optimal work extraction is larger: when the reservoir is an infinite\nsource at $T_+$ and the system is a sink at $T_-$, or, when the reservoir is an\ninfinite sink at $T_-$ and the system acts as a source at $T_+$? It is found\nthat in order to compare the total extracted work, and the corresponding\nefficiency in the two cases, we need to consider three regimes as suggested by\nan inequality, the so-called arithmetic mean-geometric mean inequality,\ninvolving the arithmetic and the geometric means of the two temperature values\n$T_+$ and $T_-$. In each of these regimes, the efficiency at total work obeys\ncertain universal bounds, given only in terms of the ratio of initial\ntemperatures. The general theoretical results are exemplified for thermodynamic\nsystems for which internal energy and temperature are power laws of the\nentropy. The conclusions may serve as benchmarks in the design of heat engines,\nwhere we can choose the nature of the finite system, so as to tune the total\nextractable work and/or the corresponding efficiency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Can Smoluchowski equation account for gelation transition?: We revisit the scaling theory of the Smoluchowski equation with special\nemphasis on the dimensional analysis to derive the scaling ansatz and to give\nan insightful foundation to it. It has long been argued that the homogeneity\nexponent $\\lambda$ of the aggregation kernel divides the aggregation process\ninto two regimes (i) $\\lambda\\leq 1$ nongelling and (ii) $\\lambda>1$ gelling.\nHowever, our findings contradict with this result. In particular, we find that\nthe Smoluchowski equation is valid if and only if $\\lambda<1$. We show that\nbeyond this limit i.e. at $\\lambda\\geq 1$, it breaks down and hence it fails to\ndescribe a gelation transition. This also happens to be accompanied by\nviolation of scaling.",
        "positive": "Spherical Model for Anisotropic Ferromagnetic Films: The corrections to the Curie temperature T_c of a ferromagnetic film\nconsisting of N layers are calculated for N \\gg 1 for the model of D-component\nclassical spin vectors in the limit D \\to \\infty, which is exactly soluble and\nclose to the spherical model. The present approach accounts, however, for the\nmagnetic anisotropy playing the crucial role in the crossover from 3 to 2\ndimensions in magnetic films. In the spatially inhomogeneous case with free\nboundary conditions the D=\\infty model is nonequivalent to the standard\nspherical one and always leads to the diminishing of T_c(N) relative to the\nbulk."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Growth fluctuation in preferential attachment dynamics: In the Yule-Simon process, selection of words follows the preferential\nattachment mechanism, resulting in the power-law growth in the cumulative\nnumber of individual word occurrences. This is derived using mean-field\napproximation, assuming a continuum limit of both the time and number of word\noccurrences. However, time and word occurrences are inherently discrete in the\nprocess, and it is natural to assume that the cumulative number of word\noccurrences has a certain fluctuation around the average behavior predicted by\nthe mean-field approximation. We derive the exact and approximate forms of the\nprobability distribution of such fluctuation analytically and confirm that\nthose probability distributions are well supported by the numerical\nexperiments.",
        "positive": "Infinitely Multiple Steps in Magnetization of Ferro- and\n  Antiferromagnetic Ising Models with Frustration on a Diamond Hierarchical\n  Lattice: Magnetizations of ferro- and antiferromagnetic Ising models with frustration\non diamond hierarchical lattices are exactly obtained at zero temperature. For\nthe zero-field classical spin-liquid phase found in [Kobayashi {\\it et al}, J.\nPhys. Soc. Jpn. 78, 074004 (2009) ], for which frustrating interactions play an\nimportant role, an infinitely small applied magnetic field can induce an\ninfinitely small magnetization, despite classical Ising models that have\ndiscrete energy levels. In antiferromagnetic systems, the magnetization cannot\nsaturate under finite magnetic fields owing to the competition between the\nunfrustrating antiferromagnetic interaction and the Zeeman interaction and an\nintrinsic long-range nature of hierarchical lattices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "General principles for the non-equilibrium relaxation of populations in\n  quantum materials: We examine the problem of how excited populations of electrons relax after\nthey have been excited by a pump. We include three of the most important\nrelaxation processes: (i) impurity scattering; (ii) Coulomb scattering; and\n(iii) electron-phonon scattering. The relaxation of an excited population of\nelectrons is one of the most fundamental processes measured in pump/probe\nexperiments, but its interpretation remains under debate. We show how several\ncommon assumptions about non-equilibrium relaxation that are pervasive in the\nfield may not hold under quite general conditions. The analysis shows that\nnon-equilibrium relaxation is more complex than previously thought, but it\nyields to recently developed theoretical methods in non-equilibrium theory. In\nthis work, we show how one can use many-body theory to properly interpret and\nanalyze these complex systems. We focus much of the discussion on implications\nof these results for experiment.",
        "positive": "What makes it possible to learn probability distributions in the natural\n  world?: Organisms and algorithms learn probability distributions from previous\nobservations, either over evolutionary time or on the fly. In the absence of\nregularities, estimating the underlying distribution from data would require\nobserving each possible outcome many times. Here we show that two conditions\nallow us to escape this infeasible requirement. First, the mutual information\nbetween two halves of the system should be consistently sub-extensive. Second,\nthis shared information should be compressible, so that it can be represented\nby a number of bits proportional to the information rather than to the entropy.\nUnder these conditions, a distribution can be described with a number of\nparameters that grows linearly with system size. These conditions are borne out\nin natural images and in models from statistical physics, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jamming and pattern formation in models of segregation: We investigate the Schelling model of social segregation, formulated as an\nintrinsically non-equilibrium system, in which the agents occupy districts (or\npatches) rather than sites on a grid. We show that this allows the equations\ngoverning the dynamical behaviour of the model to be derived. Analysis of these\nequations reveals a jamming transition in the regime of low-vacancy density,\nand inclusion of a spatial dimension in the model leads to a pattern forming\ninstability. Both of these phenomena exhibit unusual characteristics which may\nbe studied through our approach.",
        "positive": "Airy gas model: From three to reduced dimensions: By using the propagator of linear potential as a main tool, we extend the\nAiry gas model, originally developed for the three-dimensional ($d=3$) edge\nelectron gas, to systems in reduced dimensions ($d=2,1$). First, we derive\nexplicit expressions for the edge particle density and the corresponding\nkinetic energy density (KED) of the Airy gas model in all dimensions. The\ndensities are shown to obey the local virial theorem. We obtain a functional\nrelationship between the positive KED and the particle density and its\ngradients and analyze the results inside the bulk as a limit of the\nlocal-density approximation. We show that in this limit the KED functional\nreduces to that of the Thomas-Fermi model in $d$ dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fidelity susceptibility made simple: A unified quantum Monte Carlo\n  approach: The fidelity susceptibility is a general purpose probe of phase transitions.\nWith its origin in quantum information and in the differential geometry\nperspective of quantum states, the fidelity susceptibility can indicate the\npresence of a phase transition without prior knowledge of the local order\nparameter, as well as reveal the universal properties of a critical point. The\nwide applicability of the fidelity susceptibility to quantum many-body systems\nis, however, hindered by the limited computational tools to evaluate it. We\npresent a generic, efficient, and elegant approach to compute the fidelity\nsusceptibility of correlated fermions, bosons, and quantum spin systems in a\nbroad range of quantum Monte Carlo methods. It can be applied both to the\nground-state and non-zero temperature cases. The Monte Carlo estimator has a\nsimple yet universal form, which can be efficiently evaluated in simulations.\nWe demonstrate the power of this approach with applications to the Bose-Hubbard\nmodel, the spin-$1/2$ XXZ model, and use it to examine the hypothetical\nintermediate spin-liquid phase in the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice.",
        "positive": "Theory of a dilute low-temperature trapped Bose condensate: This set of four lectures reviews various aspects of the theory of a dilute\nlow-temperature trapped Bose gas, starting with (I) a review of the Bogoliubov\ndescription of the elementary excitations in a uniform system. The treatment is\nthen generalized (II) to include the new physical effects of a confining\nharmonic trap potential on the condensate and its normal modes. An equivalent\nhydrodynamic description (III) focuses directly on the density and velocity\nfluctuations. The physics of vortices (IV) in an incompressible fluid is\nsummarized and extended to the case of a trapped Bose condensate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strong friction limit in quantum mechanics: the Quantum Smoluchowski\n  equation: For a quantum system coupled to a heat bath environment the strong friction\nlimit is studied starting from the exact path integral formulation.\nGeneralizing the classical Smoluchowski limit to low temperatures a time\nevolution equation for the position distribution is derived and the strong role\nof quantum fluctuations in this limit is revealed.",
        "positive": "Phase transition in complex-time Loschmidt echo of short and long range\n  spin chain: We explain and exploit the random matrix formulation of the Loschmidt echo\nfor the XX spin chain, valid for multiple domain wall initial states and also\nfor a XX spin chain generalized with additional interactions to more\nneighbours. For models with interactions decaying as $e^{-\\alpha \\left\\vert\nl-j\\right\\vert }/\\left\\vert l-j\\right\\vert ^{p+1}$, with $p$ integer or natural\nnumber and $\\alpha \\geq 0$, we show that there are third order phase\ntransitions in a double scaling limit of the complex-time Loschmidt echo\namplitudes. For the long-range version of the chain, we use an exact result for\nToeplitz determinants with a pure Fisher-Hartwig singularity, to obtain exactly\nthe Loschmidt echo for complex times and discuss the associated Stokes\nphenomena. We also study the case of a finite chain for one of the generalized\nXX models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First passage statistics for aging diffusion in annealed and quenched\n  disorder: Aging, the dependence of the dynamics of a physical process on the time $t_a$\nsince its original preparation, is observed in systems ranging from the motion\nof charge carriers in amorphous semiconductors over the blinking dynamics of\nquantum dots to the tracer dispersion in living biological cells. Here we study\nthe effects of aging on one of the most fundamental properties of a stochastic\nprocess, the first passage dynamics. We find that for an aging continuous time\nrandom walk process the scaling exponent of the density of first passage times\nchanges twice as the aging progresses and reveals an intermediate scaling\nregime. The first passage dynamics depends on $t_a$ differently for\nintermediate and strong aging. Similar crossovers are obtained for the first\npassage dynamics for a confined and driven particle. Comparison to the motion\nof an aged particle in the quenched trap model with a bias shows excellent\nagreement with our analytical findings. Our results demonstrate how first\npassage measurements can be used to unravel the age $t_a$ of a physical system.",
        "positive": "Effects of vibrational anharmonicity on molecular electronic conduction\n  and thermoelectric efficiency: We study inelastic vibration-assisted charge transfer effects in two-site\nmolecular junctions, focusing on signatures of vibrational anharmonicity on the\nelectrical characteristics and the thermoelectric response of the junction. We\nconsider three types of oscillators: harmonic, anharmonic-Morse allowing bond\ndissociation, and harmonic-quartic, mimicking a confinement potential. Using a\nquantum master equation method which is perturbative in the electron-vibration\ninteraction we find that the (inelastic) electrical and thermal conductances\ncan be largely affected by the nature of the vibrational potential. In\ncontrast, the Seebeck coefficient, the thermoelectric figure-of-merit, and the\nthermoelectric efficiency beyond linear response, conceal this information,\nshowing a rather weak sensitivity to vibrational anharmonicity. Our work\nillustrates that anharmonic (many-body) effects, consequential to the\ncurrent-voltage characteristics, are of little effect for the thermoelectric\nperformance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Flat histogram simulation of lattice polymer systems: We demonstrate the use of a new algorithm called the Flat Histogram sampling\nalgorithm for the simulation of lattice polymer systems. Thermodynamics\nproperties, such as average energy or entropy and other physical quantities\nsuch as end-to-end distance or radius of gyration can be easily calculated\nusing this method. Ground-state energy can also be determined. We also explore\nthe accuracy and limitations of this method.\n  Key words: Monte Carlo algorithms, flat histogram sampling, HP model, lattice\npolymer systems",
        "positive": "Level Density of a Bose Gas and Extreme Value Statistics: We establish a connection between the level density of a gas of\nnon-interacting bosons and the theory of extreme value statistics. Depending on\nthe exponent that characterizes the growth of the underlying single-particle\nspectrum, we show that at a given excitation energy the limiting distribution\nfunction for the number of excited particles follows the three universal\ndistribution laws of extreme value statistics, namely Gumbel, Weibull and\nFr\\'echet. Implications of this result, as well as general properties of the\nlevel density at different energies, are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Large deviations and nontrivial exponents in coarsening systems: We investigate the statistics of the mean magnetisation, of its large\ndeviations and persistent large deviations in simple coarsening systems. We\nconsider more specifically the case of the diffusion equation, of the Ising\nchain at zero temperature and of the two dimensional voter model. For the\ndiffusion equation, at large times, the mean magnetisation has a limit law,\nwhich is studied analytically using the independent interval approximation. The\nprobability of persistent large deviations, defined as the probability that the\nmean magnetisation was, for all previous times, greater than some level $x$,\ndecays algebraically at large times, with an exponent $\\theta(x)$ continuously\nvarying with $x$. When $x=1$, $\\theta(1)$ is the usual persistence exponent.\nSimilar behaviour is found for the Glauber-Ising chain at zero temperature. For\nthe two dimensional Voter model, large deviations of the mean magnetisation are\nalgebraic, while persistent large deviations seem to behave as the usual\npersistence probability.",
        "positive": "d_c=4 is the upper critical dimension for the Bak-Sneppen model: Numerical results are presented indicating d_c=4 as the upper critical\ndimension for the Bak-Sneppen evolution model. This finding agrees with\nprevious theoretical arguments, but contradicts a recent Letter [Phys. Rev.\nLett. 80, 5746-5749 (1998)] that placed d_c as high as d=8. In particular, we\nfind that avalanches are compact for all dimensions d<=4, and are fractal for\nd>4. Under those conditions, scaling arguments predict a d_c=4, where\nhyperscaling relations hold for d<=4. Other properties of avalanches, studied\nfor 1<=d<=6, corroborate this result. To this end, an improved numerical\nalgorithm is presented that is based on the equivalent branching process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact expression for Drude conductivity in one-dimension with an\n  arbitrary potential: An exact expression for the Drude conductivity in one dimension is derived\nunder the presence of an arbitrary potential. In getting the conductivity the\ninfluence of the electric field on the crystal potential is taken into account.\nThis coupling leads to a systematic deformation of the potential and\nconsequently to a significant modification of the charge transport. The\ncorrections to the conventional Drude conductivity are determined by the\nconfigurational part of the partition function. The activation energy for the\nconductivity process is expressed by a combination of the free energy of the\nunderlying equilibrium system. The electric current is calculated in the linear\nresponse regime by solving the Smoluchowski equation. The steady state solution\ndiffers significantly from the equilibrium distribution. In case of a tight\nbinding potential the conductivity offers corrections depending on the\namplitude of the potential. As a further application we discuss nanocontacts\nwith piecewise constant potentials. The electric conductivity is corrected by\nthe potential height.",
        "positive": "Dynamical mean-field approximation for pair contact process with a\n  particle source: The one-dimensional pair contact process with a particle source is studied by\nusing dynamical cluster mean-field approximations with sites up to $n=12$. The\nresults obtained for different levels of approximation become convergent\nespecially for $n \\ge 6$ and allow us to derive reliable extrapolations to the\nlimit $n \\to \\infty$. At the zero source limit, the critical point exhibits a\ndiscontinuity whose magnitude vanishes with $1/n$. The coherent anomaly\nanalysis of data supports that the vanishing of order parameter and density of\nisolated particles has the same critical behavior. In contrast to an earlier\nprediction, the present approximation does not support the existence of\ncritical behavior in the inactive phase where the frozen density of isolated\nparticles depends on the initial state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Convergent Calculation of the Asymptotic Dimension of Diffusion Limited\n  Aggregates: Scaling and Renormalization of Small Clusters: Diffusion Limited Aggregation (DLA) is a model of fractal growth that had\nattained a paradigmatic status due to its simplicity and its underlying role\nfor a variety of pattern forming processes. We present a convergent calculation\nof the fractal dimension D of DLA based on a renormalization scheme for the\nfirst Laurent coefficient of the conformal map from the unit circle to the\nexpanding boundary of the fractal cluster. The theory is applicable from very\nsmall (2-3 particles) to asymptotically large (n \\to \\infty) clusters. The\ncomputed dimension is D=1.713\\pm 0.003.",
        "positive": "Propagators of random walks on comb lattices of arbitrary dimension: We study diffusion on comb lattices of arbitrary dimension. Relying on the\nloopless structure of these lattices and using first-passage properties, we\nobtain exact and explicit formulae for the Laplace transforms of the\npropagators associated to nearest-neighbour random walks in both cases where\neither the first or the last point of the random walk is on the backbone of the\nlattice, and where the two extremities are arbitrarily chosen. As an\napplication, we compute the mean-square displacement of a random walker on a\ncomb of arbitrary dimension. We also propose an alternative and consistent\napproach of the problem using a master equation description, and obtain simple\nand generic expressions of the propagators. This method is more general and is\nextended to study the propagators of random walks on more complex comb-like\nstructures. In particular, we study the case of a two-dimensional comb lattice\nwith teeth of finite length."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transient cavities and the excess chemical potentials of hard-spheroid\n  solutes in dipolar hard sphere solvents: Monte Carlo computer simulations are used to study transient cavities and the\nsolvation of hard-spheroid solutes in dipolar hard sphere solvents. The\nprobability distribution of spheroidal cavities in the solvent is shown to be\nwell described by a Gaussian function, and the variations of fit parameters\nwith cavity elongation and solvent properties are analyzed. The excess chemical\npotentials of hard-spheroid solutes with aspect ratios $x$ in the range $1/5\n\\leq x \\leq 5$, and with volumes between one and twenty times that of a solvent\nmolecule, are presented. It is shown that for a given molecular volume and\nsolvent dipole moment (or temperature) a spherical solute has the lowest excess\nchemical potential and hence the highest solubility, while a prolate solute\nwith aspect ratio $x$ should be more soluble than an oblate solute with aspect\nratio $1/x$. For a given solute molecule, the excess chemical potential\nincreases with increasing temperature; this same trend is observed in the case\nof hydrophobic solvation. To help interpret the simulation results, comparison\nis made with a scaled-particle theory that requires prior knowledge of a\nsolute-solvent interfacial tension and the pure-solvent equation of state,\nwhich parameters are obtained from simulation results for spherical solutes.\nThe theory shows excellent agreement with simulation results over the whole\nrange of solute elongations considered.",
        "positive": "Reduced Thermal Conductivity of Nanowires and Nanoribbons with\n  Dynamically Rough Surfaces and the \"Problem of One-Dimensional Heat\n  Conductors\": We present analytical model and molecular dynamics simulations of phonon heat\ntransport in nanowires and nanoribbons with anharmonic lattices and dynamically\nrough surfaces and edges. In agreement with recent experiments on heat\ntransport in single-crystalline silicon nanowires with rough surfaces, our\nmodel and simulations predict finite and length-independent phonon thermal\nconductivity in such quasi-one-dimensional systems, in contrast to anomalous\nphonon thermal conductivity of corresponding momentum-conserving systems with\natomically smooth surfaces, divergent with the system length. Within our model,\nthe main cause of thermal conductivity reduction is momentum-nonconserving\nscattering of longitudinal acoustic phonons by anharmonic side phonon leads in\nquasi-one-dimensional phonon waveguide with dynamically rough surface or edge\nlayers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The topology of the transcription regulatory network in the yeast, S.\n  cerevisiae: MOTIVATION: A central goal of postgenomic biology is the elucidation of the\nregulatory relationships among all cellular constituents that together comprise\nthe 'genetic network' of a cell or microorganism. Experimental manipulation of\ngene activity coupled with the assessment of perturbed transcriptome (i. e.,\nglobal mRNA expression) patterns represents one approach toward this goal, and\nmay provide a backbone into which other measurements can be later integrated.\n  RESULT: We use microarray data on 287 single gene deletion Saccharomyces\ncerevisiae mutant strains to elucidate generic relationships among perturbed\ntranscriptomes. Their comparison with a method that preferentially recognizes\ndistinct expression subpatterns allows us to pair those transcriptomes that\nshare localized similarities. Analyses of the resulting transcriptome\nsimilarity network identify a continuum hierarchy among the deleted genes, and\nin the frequency of local similarities that establishes the links among their\nreorganized transcriptomes. We also find a combinatorial utilization of shared\nexpression subpatterns within individual links, with increasing quantitative\nsimilarity among those that connect transcriptome states induced by the\ndeletion of functionally related gene products. This suggests a distinct\nhierarchical and combinatorial organization of the S. cerevisiae\ntranscriptional activity, and may represent a pattern that is generic to the\ntranscriptional organization of all eukaryotic organisms.\n  AVAILABILITY: Detailed analyses of the comparison method and free software\nare available from the authors and at http://angel.elte.hu/bioinf",
        "positive": "Random neighbour model for yielding: We introduce a model for yielding, inspired by fracture models and the\nfailure of a sheared granular medium in which the applied shear is resisted by\nself-organized force chains. The force chains in the granular medium (GM) are\nconsidered as a bundle of fibres of finite strength amongst which stress is\nrandomly redistributed after any other fibre breaks under excessive load. The\nmodel provides an exponential distribution of the internal stress and a\nlog-normal shaped distribution of failure stress, in agreement with\nexperimental observations. The model displays critical behaviour which\napproaches mean field as the number of random neighbours $k$ becomes large and\nalso displays a failure strength which remains finite in the limit of infinite\nsize. From comparison with different models it is argued that this is an effect\nof uncorrelation. All these macroscopic properties appear statistically stable\nwith respect to the choice of the chains' initial strength distribution. The\ninvestigated model is relevant for all systems in which some generic external\nload or pressure is borne by a number of units, independent of one another\nexcept when failure of a unit causes load transfer to some random choice of\nneighbouring units."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interatomic collisions in a tightly confined Bose gas: We discuss pair interatomic collisions in a Bose gas tightly confined in one\n(axial) direction and identify two regimes of scattering. In the quasi2D\nregime, where the confinement frequency $\\omega_0$ greatly exceeds the gas\ntemperature $T$, the scattering rates exhibit 2D features of the particle\nmotion. At temperatures $T\\sim\\hbar\\omega_0$ one has a confinement-dominated 3D\nregime, where the confinement can change the momentum dependence of the\nscattering amplitudes. We describe the collision-induced energy exchange\nbetween the axial and radial degrees of freedom and analyze recent experiments\non thermalization and spin relaxation rates in a tightly (axially) confined gas\nof Cs atoms.",
        "positive": "First Steps in Glass Theory: This paper is an introduction to some of the main present issues in the\ntheory of structural glasses. After recalling a few experimental facts, it\ngives a short account of the analogy between fragile glasses and the mean field\ndiscontinuous spin glasses. The many valley picture is presented, and a brief\naccount of recent attempts to obtain quantitative results from first principle\ncomputations is summarised."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Density minimum and liquid-liquid phase transition: We present a high-resolution computer simulation study of the equation of\nstate of ST2 water, evaluating the liquid-state properties at 2718 state\npoints, and precisely locating the liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP)\noccurring in this model. We are thereby able to reveal the interconnected set\nof density anomalies, spinodal instabilities and response function extrema that\noccur in the vicinity of a LLCP for the case of a realistic, off-lattice model\nof a liquid with local tetrahedral order. In particular, we unambiguously\nidentify a density minimum in the liquid state, define its relationship to\nother anomalies, and show that it arises due to the approach of the liquid\nstructure to a defect-free random tetrahedral network of hydrogen bonds.",
        "positive": "Bose-Einstein condensation: The basic notions and the main historical facts on the Bose-Einstein\ncondensation are surveyed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An analysis of Cross-correlations in South African Market data: We apply random matrix theory to compare correlation matrix estimators C\nobtained from emerging market data. The correlation matrices are constructed\nfrom 10 years of daily data for stocks listed on the Johannesburg Stock\nExchange (JSE) from January 1993 to December 2002. We test the spectral\nproperties of C against random matrix predictions and find some agreement\nbetween the distributions of eigenvalues, nearest neighbour spacings,\ndistributions of eigenvector components and the inverse participation ratios\nfor eigenvectors. We show that interpolating both missing data and illiquid\ntrading days with a zero-order hold increases agreement with RMT predictions.\nFor the more realistic estimation of correlations in an emerging market, we\nsuggest a pairwise measured-data correlation matrix. For the data set used,\nthis approach suggests greater temporal stability for the leading eigenvectors.\nAn interpretation of eigenvectors in terms of trading strategies is given in\nlieu of classification by economic sectors.",
        "positive": "Form-factors of the finite quantum XY-chain: Explicit factorized formulas for the matrix elements (form-factors) of the\nspin operators \\sigma^x and \\sigma^y between the eigenvectors of the\nHamiltonian of the finite quantum periodic XY-chain in a transverse field were\nderived. The derivation is based on the relations between three models: the\nmodel of quantum XY-chain, Ising model on 2D lattice and N=2\nBaxter-Bazhanov-Stroganov \\tau^{(2)}-model. Due to these relations we transfer\nthe formulas for the form-factors of the latter model recently obtained by the\nuse of separation of variables method to the model of quantum XY-chain.\nHopefully, the formulas for the form-factors will help in analysis of\nmultipoint dynamic correlation functions at a finite temperature. As an\nexample, we re-derive the asymptotics of two-point correlation function in the\ndisordered phase without the use of the Toeplitz determinants and the\nWiener-Hopf factorization method."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A statistical mechanics framework for constructing non-equilibrium\n  thermodynamic models: Far-from-equilibrium phenomena are critical to all natural and engineered\nsystems, and essential to biological processes responsible for life. For over a\ncentury and a half, since Carnot, Clausius, Maxwell, Boltzmann, and Gibbs,\namong many others, laid the foundation for our understanding of equilibrium\nprocesses, scientists and engineers have dreamed of an analogous treatment of\nnon-equilibrium systems. But despite tremendous efforts, a universal theory of\nnon-equilibrium behavior akin to equilibrium statistical mechanics and\nthermodynamics has evaded description. Several methodologies have proved their\nability to accurately describe complex non-equilibrium systems at the\nmacroscopic scale, but their accuracy and predictive capacity is predicated on\neither phenomenological kinetic equations fit to microscopic data, or on\nrunning concurrent simulations at the particle level. Instead, we provide a\nframework for deriving stand-alone macroscopic thermodynamics models directly\nfrom microscopic physics without fitting in overdamped Langevin systems. The\nonly necessary ingredient is a functional form for a parameterized, approximate\ndensity of states, in analogy to the assumption of a uniform density of states\nin the equilibrium microcanonical ensemble. We highlight this framework's\neffectiveness by deriving analytical approximations for evolving mechanical and\nthermodynamic quantities in a model of coiled-coil proteins and double stranded\nDNA, thus producing, to the authors' knowledge, the first derivation of the\ngoverning equations for a phase propagating system under general loading\nconditions without appeal to phenomenology. The generality of our treatment\nallows for application to any system described by Langevin dynamics with\narbitrary interaction energies and external driving, including colloidal\nmacromolecules, hydrogels, and biopolymers.",
        "positive": "Small-angle scattering from three-phase systems: Investigation of the\n  crossover between mass fractal regimes: In this paper, we construct a three-phase model (that is, a system consisting\nof three homogeneous regions with various scattering length densities), which\nillustrate the behavior of small-angle scattering (SAS) scattering curves. Here\ntwo phases are a deterministic fractal embedded in another deterministic mass\nfractal, and they altogether are further embedded in a third phase, which can\nbe a solution or solid matrix. We calculate SAS intensities, derive expressions\nfor the crossover position (that is, the point where the power-law scattering\nexponent changes) as a function of control parameters, including size,\nconcentration, and volumes of each phase. The corresponding SAS intensities\nfrom these models describe a succession of power-law regimes in momentum space\nwhere both regimes correspond to mass fractals. The models can be applied to\nSAS data where the absolute value of the scattering exponent of the first\npower-law regime is higher than that of the subsequent second power-law regime,\nthat is, the scattering curve of convex kind near the crossover position."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "P\u00e9clet number governs transition to acceleratory restart in\n  drift-diffusion: First-passage processes can be divided in two classes: those that are\naccelerated by the introduction of restart and those that display an opposite\nresponse. In physical systems, a transition between the two classes may occur\nas governing parameters are varied to cross a universal tipping point. However,\na fully tractable model system to teach us how this transition unfolds is still\nlacking. To bridge this gap, we quantify the effect of stochastic restart on\nthe first-passage time of a drift-diffusion process to an absorbing boundary.\nThere, we find that the transition is governed by the P\\'eclet number ($Pe$)\n--- the ratio between the rates of advective and diffusive transport. When\n$Pe>1$ the process is drift-controlled and restart can only hinder its\ncompletion. In contrast, when $0\\leq~Pe<1$ the process is diffusion-controlled\nand restart can speed-up its completion by a factor of $\\sim1/Pe$. Such speedup\noccurs when the process is restarted at an optimal rate $r^{\\star}\\simeq\nr_0^{\\star}\\left(1-Pe\\right)$, where $r_0^{\\star}$ stands for the optimal\nrestart rate in the pure-diffusion limit. The transition considered herein\nstands at the core of restart phenomena and is relevant to a large variety of\nprocesses that are driven to completion in the presence of noise. Each of these\nprocesses has unique characteristics, but our analysis reveals that the restart\ntransition resembles other phase transitions --- some of its central features\nare completely generic.",
        "positive": "On integrable matrix product operators with bond dimension $D=4$: We construct and study a two-parameter family of matrix product operators of\nbond dimension $D=4$. The operators $M(x,y)$ act on $({\\mathbb C}_2)^{\\otimes\nN}$, i.e., the space of states of a spin-$1/2$ chain of length $N$. For the\nparticular values of the parameters: $x=1/3$ and $y=1/\\sqrt{3}$, the operator\nturns out to be proportional to the square root of the reduced density matrix\nof the valence-bond-solid state on a hexagonal ladder. We show that $M(x,y)$\nhas several interesting properties when $(x,y)$ lies on the unit circle\ncentered at the origin: $x^2 + y^2=1$. In this case, we find that $M(x,y)$\ncommutes with the Hamiltonian and all the conserved charges of the isotropic\nspin-$1/2$ Heisenberg chain. Moreover, $M(x_1,y_1)$ and $M(x_2,y_2)$ are\nmutually commuting if $x^2_i + y^2_i=1$ for both $i=1$ and $2$. These\nremarkable properties of $M(x,y)$ are proved as a consequence of the\nYang-Baxter equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Revisiting universality of the liquid-gas critical point in 2D: Critical point of liquid-gas (LG) transition does not conform with the\nparadigm of spontaneous symmetry breaking because there is no broken symmetry\nin both phases. This stimulated the ongoing debate about the nature of the\nuniversality class of the transition -- lasting since the creation of the\ntheory of scaling. We revisit the conjecture that the LG criticality is that of\nthe Ising model. Large scale Monte Carlo simulations of the LG criticality in\n2D free space in combination with the numerical flowgram method give the\ncritical indices agreeing with the Onsager values within the error of 1\\%. The\nrelated problem about the role of higher order odd terms in the (real)\n$\\varphi^4$ field model is addressed too. The scaling dimension of the\n$\\varphi^5$ term at criticality is shown to be the same as of the linear one\n$\\varphi$. We suggest that the role of all higher order odd terms is simply in\ngenerating the linear field operator at the criticality.",
        "positive": "Gaussian core model phase diagram and pair correlations in high\n  Euclidean dimensions: The physical properties of a classical many-particle system with interactions\ngiven by a repulsive Gaussian pair potential are extended to arbitrarily high\nEuclidean dimensions. The goals of this paper are to characterize the behavior\nof the pair correlation function (pcf) in various density regimes and to\nunderstand the phase properties of the Gaussian core model (GCM) as\nparametrized by dimension d. To this end, we explore the fluid and crystalline\nsolid phases. For the dilute regime of the fluid phase, a cluster expansion of\nthe pcf in reciprocal temperature is presented, the coefficients of which may\nbe evaluated analytically due to the nature of the Gaussian potential. We\npresent preliminary results concerning the convergence properties of this\nexpansion. The analytical cluster expansion is related to numerical\napproximations for the pcf in the dense fluid regime by utilizing hypernetted\nchain, Percus-Yevick, and mean-field closures to the Ornstein-Zernike equation.\nBased on the results of these comparisons, we provide evidence in support of a\ndecorrelation principle for the GCM in high Euclidean dimensions. In the solid\nphase, we consider the behavior of the freezing temperature in the limit of\nzero density and show that it approaches zero itself in this limit for any d\nvia a collective coordinate argument. Duality relations with respect to the\nenergies of a lattice and its dual are then discussed, and these relations aid\nin the Maxwell double-tangent construction of phase coexistence regions between\ndual lattices based on lattice summation energies. The results from this\nanalysis are used to draw conclusions about the ground-state structures of the\nGCM for a given dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temporal response of the conductivity of electrolytes: We study the temporal response of the electric current in an electrolyte\nunder a sudden switch on or switch off of an external electric field of\narbitrary magnitude. We use Stochastic Density Functional Theory including\nhydrodynamic interactions to express the current as a function of the ionic\ncorrelations. Assuming small density fluctuations, we linearize the field\ntheory to compute the correlations in the transient regime. We first show that\nthe correlations do not follow the same trajectory when the field is switched\non or switched off. Accordingly, the behavior of the current differs in the two\ncases: it decays exponentially when the field is switched off, but it relaxes\nalgebraically to its stationnary value when the field is switched on. This\ndifference is a non-linear effect since an exponential relaxation is recovered\nin both cases in the weak field limit.",
        "positive": "Universality class of site and bond percolation on multi-multifractal\n  scale-free planar stochastic lattice: In this article, we investigate both site and bond percolation on a weighted\nplanar stochastic lattice (WPSL) which is a multi-multifractal and whose dual\nis a scale-free network. The characteristic properties of percolation is that\nit exhibits threshold phenomena as we find sudden or abrupt jump in spanning\nprobability across $p_c$ accompanied by the divergence of some other observable\nquantities which is reminiscent of continuous phase transition. Indeed,\npercolation is characterized by the critical behavior of percolation strength\n$P(p)\\sim (p_c-p)^\\beta$, mean cluster size $S\\sim (p_c-p)^{-\\gamma}$ and the\nsystem size $L\\sim (p_c-p)^{-\\nu}$ which are known as the equivalent\ncounterpart of the order parameter, susceptibility and correlation length\nrespectively. Moreover, the cluster size distribution function $n_s(p_c)\\sim\ns^{-\\tau}$ and the mass-length relation $M\\sim L^{d_f}$ of the spanning cluster\nalso provide useful characterization of the percolation process. We obtain an\nexact value for $p_c$ and for all the exponents such as $\\beta, \\nu, \\gamma,\n\\tau$ and $d_f$. We find that, except $p_c$, all the exponents are exactly the\nsame in both bond and site percolation despite the significant difference in\nthe definition of cluster and other quantities. Our results suggest that the\npercolation on WPSL belongs to a new universality class as its exponents do not\nshare the same value as for all the existing planar lattices and like other\ncases its site and bond belong to the same universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Subsonic critical velocity at finite temperature: Based on the dielectric formalism in the generalised random phase\napproximation, we generalise the description of a Bose condensed gas to allow\nfor a relative velocity between the superfluid and normal fluid. In this model,\nwe determine the critical velocity dynamically as the transition point between\nstable and unstable dynamics. Unlike the zero temperature case, at finite\ntemperature the relative critical velocity of a dilute Bose gas is lower than\nthe sound velocity. This result illustrates one relevant difference that exists\nbetween a conserving and gapless approximation and other approaches.",
        "positive": "Design principles for non-equilibrium self-assembly: We consider an important class of self-assembly problems and using the\nformalism of stochastic thermodynamics, we derive a set of design principles\nfor growing controlled assemblies far from equilibrium. The design principles\nconstrain the set of structures that can be obtained under non-equilibrium\nconditions. Our central result provides intuition for how equilibrium\nself-assembly landscapes are modified under finite non-equilibrium drive."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Solution of the Asymmetric Exclusion Model with Particles of\n  Arbitrary Size: A generalization of the simple exclusion asymmetric model is introduced. In\nthis model an arbitrary mixture of molecules with distinct sizes $s =\n0,1,2,...$, in units of lattice space, diffuses asymmetrically on the lattice.\nA related surface growth model is also presented. Variations of the\ndistribution of molecules's sizes may change the excluded volume almost\ncontinuously. We solve the model exactly through the Bethe ansatz and the\ndynamical critical exponent $z$ is calculated from the finite-size corrections\nof the mass gap of the related quantum chain. Our results show that for an\narbitrary distribution of molecules the dynamical critical behavior is on the\nKardar-Parizi-Zhang (KPZ) universality.",
        "positive": "Decaying of Phase Synchronization - A Physiological Tool: We describe the effects of the asymmetry of cycles and non-stationarity in\ntime series on the phase synchronization method. We develop a modified method\nthat overcomes these effects and apply this method to study parkinsonian\ntremor. Our results indicate that there is synchronization between two\ndifferent hands and provide information about the time delay separating their\ndynamics. These findings suggest that this method may be useful for detecting\nand quantifying weak synchronization between two non-stationary signals."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Disordered $\u03bb\\varphi^{4}+\u03c1\\varphi^{6}$ Landau-Ginzburg model: We discuss a disordered $\\lambda\\varphi^{4}+\\rho\\varphi^{6}$ Landau-Ginzburg\nmodel defined in a d-dimensional space. First we adopt the standard procedure\nof averaging the disorder dependent free energy of the model. The dominant\ncontribution to this quantity is represented by a series of the replica\npartition functions of the system. Next, using the replica symmetry ansatz in\nthe saddle-point equations, we prove that the average free energy represents a\nsystem with multiple ground states with different order parameters. For low\ntemperatures we show the presence of metastable equilibrium states for some\nreplica fields for a range of values of the physical parameters. Finally, going\nbeyond the mean-field approximation, the one-loop renormalization of this model\nis performed, in the leading order replica partition function.",
        "positive": "Dynamical large deviations for an inhomogeneous wave kinetic theory:\n  linear wave scattering by a random medium: The wave kinetic equation predicts the averaged temporal evolution of a\ncontinuous spectral density of waves either randomly interacting or scattered\nby the fine structure of a medium. In a wide range of systems, the wave kinetic\nequation is derived from a fundamental equation of wave motion, which is\nsymmetric through time-reversal. By contrast, the corresponding wave kinetic\nequation is time-irreversible. A similar paradox appears whenever one makes a\nmesoscopic description of the evolution of a very large number of microscopic\ndegrees of freedom. Recently, it has been understood that the kinetic\ndescription itself, at a mesoscopic level, should not break time-reversal\nsymmetry. The proper theoretical or mathematical tool to derive a mesoscopic\ntime-reversal stochastic process is large deviation theory, for which the\ndeterministic wave kinetic equation appears as the most probable evolution.\nThis paper follows Bouchet (2020) and a series of other works that derive the\nlarge deviation Hamiltonians of the classical kinetic theories. We propose a\nderivation of the large deviation principle for the linear scattering of waves\nby a weak random potential in an inhomogeneous situation. This problem involves\nmicroscopic scales corresponding to the typical wavelengths and periods of the\nwaves and mesoscopic ones which are the scales of spatial inhomogeneities in\nthe spectral density and the time needed for the random scatterers to alter the\nwave spectrum. The main assumption of the kinetic regime is a large separation\nof these microscopic and mesoscopic scales. We choose a generic model of wave\nscattering by weak disorder: the Schr\\\"odinger equation with a random\npotential. We derive the path large deviation principle for the local spectral\ndensity and discuss its main properties. We show that the mesoscopic process\nobeys a time-reversal symmetry at the level of large deviations. (abridged)"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Division of Labor as the Result of Phase Transition: The emergence of labor division in multi-agent system is analyzed by the\nmethod of statistical physics. Considering a system consists of N homogeneous\nagents. Their behaviors are determined by the returns from their production.\nUsing the Metropolis method in statistical physics, which in this model can\nbeen regarded as a kind of uncertainty in decision making, we constructed a\nMaster equation model to describe the evolution of the agents distribution.\nWhen we introduce the mechanism of learning by doing to describe the effect of\ntechnical progress and a formula for the competitive cooperation, the model\ngives us the following interesting results: (1) As the results of long term\nevolution, the system can reach a steady state. (2) When the parameters exceed\na critical point, the labor division emerges as the result of phase transition.\n(3) Although the technical progress decides whether or not phase transition\noccurs, the critical point is strongly effected by the competitive cooperation.\n  From the above physical model and the corresponding results, we can get a\nmore deeply understanding about the labor division.",
        "positive": "Reentrant condensation transition in a two species driven diffusive\n  system: We study an interacting box-particle system on a one-dimensional periodic\nring involving two species of particles $A$ and $B$. In this model, from a\nrandomly chosen site, a particle of species $A$ can hop to its right neighbor\nwith a rate that depends on the number of particles of the species $B$ at that\nsite. On the other hand, particles of species $B$ can be transferred between\ntwo neighboring sites with rates that depends on the number of particles of\nspecies $B$ at the two adjacent sites$-$this process however can occur only\nwhen the two sites are devoid of particles of the species $A$. We study\ncondensation transition for a specific choice of rates and find that the system\nshows a reentrant phase transition of species $A$ $-$ the species $A$ passes\nsuccessively through fluid-condensate-fluid phases as the coupling parameter\nbetween the dynamics of the two species is varied. On the other hand, the\ntransition of species $B$ is from condensate to fluid phase and hence does not\nshow reentrant feature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Resolving the controversy on the glass transition temperature of water?: We consider experimental data on the dynamics of water (1) in glass-forming\naqueous mixtures with glass transition temperature Tg approaching the putative\nTg=136 K of water from above and below, (2) in confined spaces of nanometer in\nsize and (3) in the bulk at temperatures above the homogeneous nucleation\ntemperature. Altogether, the considered relaxation times from the data range\nnearly over 15 decades from 10-12 to 103 s. Assisted by the various features in\nthe isothermal spectra and theoretical interpretation, these considerations\nenable us to conclude that relaxation of un-crystallized water is highly\nnon-cooperative. The exponent Beta_K of its Kohlrausch stretched exponential\ncorrelation function is not far from having the value of one, and hence the\ndeviation from exponential time decay is slight. Albeit the temperature\ndependence of its alpha-relaxation time being non-Arrhenius, the corresponding\nTg-scaled temperature dependence has small steepness index m, likely less than\n44 at Tg, and hence water is not 'fragile' as a glassformer. The separation in\ntime scale of the alpha- and the beta-relaxations is small at Tg, becomes\nsmaller at higher temperatures, and they merge together shortly above Tg. From\nall these properties and by inference, water is highly non-cooperative as a\nglass-former, it has short cooperative length-scale, and possibly minimal\nconfigurational entropy and small change of heat capacity at Tg compared with\nother organic glass-formers. This conclusion is perhaps unsurprising because\nwater is the smallest molecule. Our deductions from the data rule out that the\nTg of water is higher than 160 K, and suggest that it is close to the\ntraditional value of 136 K.",
        "positive": "Majority-vote model on spatially embedded networks: crossover from\n  mean-field to Ising universality classes: We study through Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling analysis the\nnonequilibrium phase transitions of the majority-vote model taking place on\nspatially embedded networks. These structures are built from an underlying\nregular lattice over which long-range connections are randomly added according\nto the probability, $P_{ij}\\sim{r^{-\\alpha}}$, where $r_{ij}$ is the Manhattan\ndistance between nodes $i$ and $j$, and the exponent $\\alpha$ is a controlling\nparameter [J. M. Kleinberg, Nature 406, 845 (2000)]. Our results show that the\ncollective behavior of this system exhibits a continuous order-disorder phase\ntransition at a critical parameter, which is a decreasing function of the\nexponent $\\alpha$. Precisely, considering the scaling functions and the\ncritical exponents calculated, we conclude that the system undergoes a\ncrossover among distinct universality classes. For $\\alpha\\le3$ the critical\nbehavior is described by mean-field exponents, while for $\\alpha\\ge4$ it\nbelongs to the Ising universality class. Finally, in the region where the\ncrossover occurs, $3<\\alpha<4$, the critical exponents are dependent on\n$\\alpha$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unified description of long-time tails and long-range correlation\n  functions for sheared granular liquids: Unified description on the long-time tail of velocity autocorrelation\nfunction and the long-range correlation for the equal-time spatial correlation\nfunctions is developed based on the generalized fluctuating hydrodynamics. The\ncross-over of the long-time tail from $t^{-3/2}$ to $t^{-5/2}$ is predicted\nindependent of the density, and the equal-time spatial density correlation\nfunction and the equal-time spatial velocity correlation function respectively\nsatisfy $r^{-11/3}$ and $r^{-5/3}$ for large $r$ limit.",
        "positive": "Analysis on Irreversible Processes using the Phase-Field Variational\n  Approach with the Entropy or Energy Functional: The variational approach usually used in phase field models (PFVA) is applied\nhere to analyse complex irreversible processes such as thermoelectric (TE)\neffects and thermally driven mass transport (TDMT). Complex irreversible\nprocesses arise from the coupling effects between simple irreversible\nprocesses. Each simple irreversible process is assiciated with an entropy or\nenergy density function. During complex irreversible processes with multiple\nfields present, this entropy or energy density function is assumed to be\ndependent on all independent field variables. Using the total entropy\nfunctionals, the TE effects and TDMT are analysed and important kinetic\ncoefficients such as the Seebeck coefficient and the heat of transport are\ndetermined with straightforward physical contents. Using the total energy\nfunctionals, the linear irreversible processes are analysed with the Onsager\napproach and the nonlinear irreversible processes with PFVA. It is found both\nthe Onsager's relations and the fluxes defined using PFVA guarantee the\nsatisfaction of the first law of thermodynamics during the process of\nconversion of energies. To analyze the diffusion process under the influence of\nelasticity, PFVA is also modified to incorporate the reversible evolution of\nelastic fields. It is shown energies are conserved via both the irreversible\ndiffusion process and the reversible evolution of the elastic fields. Finally,\nPFVA is generalized to study nonequilibrium thermodynamics using an extra\nkinetic contribution to the entropy density function. The analyses can be\nextended to a nonequilibrium thermodynamic system with multiple physical fields\npresent. Thus, it is believed PFVA has the potential of not only significantly\nadvancing our understanding of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes,\nbut also making thermodynamics as a discipline and the study of it truly\ndynamic."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Traffic jams and ordering far from thermal equilibrium: The recently suggested correspondence between domain dynamics of traffic\nmodels and the asymmetric chipping model is reviewed. It is observed that in\nmany cases traffic domains perform the two characteristic dynamical processes\nof the chipping model, namely chipping and diffusion. This correspondence\nindicates that jamming in traffic models in which all dynamical rates are\nnon-deterministic takes place as a broad crossover phenomenon, rather than a\nsharp transition. Two traffic models are studied in detail and analyzed within\nthis picture.",
        "positive": "Majorana Loop Models for Measurement-Only Quantum Circuits: Projective measurements in random quantum circuits lead to a rich breadth of\nentanglement phases and extend the realm of non-unitary quantum dynamics. Here\nwe explore the connection between measurement-only quantum circuits in one\nspatial dimension and the statistical mechanics of loop models in two\ndimensions. While Gaussian Majorana circuits admit a microscopic mapping to\nloop models, for non-Gaussian, i.e., generic Clifford, circuits a corresponding\nmapping may emerge only on a coarse grained scale. We then focus on a\nfundamental symmetry of loop models: the orientability of world lines. We\ndiscuss how orientability enters in the measurement framework, acting as a\nseparatrix for the universal long-wavelength behavior in a circuit. When\norientability is broken, the circuit falls into the universality class of\nclosely packed loops with crossings (CPLC) and features a Goldstone phase with\na peculiar, universal $\\log^2(L)$-scaling of the entanglement entropy. In turn,\nwhen orientability is preserved, the long-wavelength behavior of the circuit\nmimics that of (coupled) two-dimensional Potts models. We demonstrate the\nstrength of the loop model approach by numerically simulating a variety of\nmeasurement-only Clifford circuits. Upon varying the set of measured operators,\na rich circuit dynamics is observed, ranging from CPLC to the $1$-state Potts\nmodel (percolation), the $2$-state Potts model (Ising) and coupled Potts models\n(BKT) universality class. Loop models thus provide a handle to access a large\nclass of measurement-only circuits and yield a blueprint on how to realize\ndesired entanglement phases by measurement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Branching annihilating random walk on random regular graphs: The branching annihilating random walk is studied on a random graph whose\nsites have uniform number of neighbors (z). The Monte Carlo simulations in\nagreement with the generalized mean-field analysis indicate that the\nconcentration decreses linearly with the branching rate for $z \\ge 4$ while the\ncoefficient of the linear term becomes zero if $z=3$. These features are\ndescribed by a modified mieb-field theory taking explicitly into consideration\nthe probability of mutual annihilation of the parent and its offspring\nparticles using the returning features of a single walker on the same graph.",
        "positive": "Accelerating solutions to the diffusion equation: We report accelerating diffusive solutions to the diffusion equation with a\nconstant diffusion tensor. The maximum values of the diffusion density evolve\nin an accelerating fashion described by Airy functions. We show the diffusive\naccelerating behavior for one--dimensional systems, as well as for a general\nthree--dimensional case.\n  We also construct a modulated modified form of the diffusion solution that\nretains the accelerating features."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Monte Carlo Test of the Fisher-Nakanishi-Scaling Theory for the\n  Capillary Condensation Critical Point: Extending the Swendsen-Wang cluster algorithm to include both bulk (H) and\nsurface fields (H_1) in L x L x D Ising films of thickness D and two free L x L\nsurfaces, a Monte Carlo study of the capillary condensation critical point of\nthe model is presented. Applying a finite-size scaling analysis where the\nlateral linear dimension L is varied over a wide range, the critical\ntemperature T_c(D) and the associated critical field H_c(D) are estimated for 4\n<= D <= 32 lattice spacings, for a choice of the surface field H_1 small enough\nthat the dependence of H_c(D) on H_1 is still linear. It is shown that the\nresults are consistent with the power laws predicted by Fisher and Nakanishi\n[M.E. Fisher and H. Nakanishi, J. Chem. Phys. 75, 5857 (1981)], namely\nT_c(\\infty)-T_c(D) \\propto D^{-1/\\nu}, H_c(D) \\propto D^{-(\\Delta\n-\\Delta_1)/\\nu}, where \\nu is the bulk correlation length exponent of the\nthree-dimensional Ising model, and \\Delta, \\Delta_1 are the corresponding ``gap\nexponents'' associated with bulk and surface fields, respectively. As expected,\nthe order parameter of the thin film near its critical point exhibits critical\nbehavior compatible with the universality class of the two-dimensional Ising\nmodel.",
        "positive": "Solvable quantum nonequilibrium model exhibiting a phase transition and\n  a matrix product representation: We study a 1-dimensional XX chain under nonequilibrium driving and local\ndephasing described by the Lindblad master equation. The analytical solution\nfor the nonequilibrium steady state found for particular parameters in\n[J.Stat.Mech., L05002 (2010)] is extended to arbitrary coupling constants,\ndriving and homogeneous magnetic field. All one, two and three-point\ncorrelation functions are explicitly evaluated. It is shown that the\nnonequilibrium stationary state is not gaussian. Nevertheless, in the\nthermodynamic and weak-driving limit it is only weakly correlated and can be\ndescribed by a matrix product operator ansatz with matrices of fixed dimension\n4. A nonequilibrium phase transition at zero dephasing is also discussed. It is\nsuggested that the scaling of the relaxation time with the system size can\nserve as a signature of a nonequilibrium phase transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless and Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann criticality in\n  $\\mathrm{XY}$ model: We develop a gauge theory of the critical behavior of the topological\nexcitations-driven Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transition in\nthe XY model with weak quenched disorder. We find that while in two-dimensions\nthe liquid of topological defects exhibits the BKT critical behavior, the\nthree-dimensional system shows more singular Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman criticality\nheralding its freezing into a spin glass. Our findings provide insights into\nthe topological origin of spin glass formation.",
        "positive": "Delocalized Glassy Dynamics and Many Body Localization: We analyze the unusual slow dynamics that emerges in the bad metal\ndelocalized phase preceding the Many-Body Localization transition by using\nsingle-particle Anderson Localization on the Bethe lattice as a toy model of\nmany-body dynamics in Fock space. We probe the dynamical evolution by measuring\nobservables such as the imbalance and equilibrium correlation functions, which\ndisplay slow dynamics and power-laws strikingly similar to the ones observed in\nrecent simulations and experiments. We relate this unusual behavior to the\nnon-ergodic spectral statistics found on Bethe lattices. We discuss different\nscenarii, such as a true intermediate phase which persists in the thermodynamic\nlimit versus a glassy regime established on finite but very large time and\nlength-scales only, and their implications for real space dynamical properties.\nIn the latter, slow dynamics and power-laws extend on a very large time-window\nbut are eventually cut-off on a time-scale that diverges at the MBL transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Qualitative aspects of the phase diagram of J1-J2 model on the cubic\n  lattice: The qualitative aspects of the phase diagram of the Ising model on the cubic\nlattice, with ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interactions ($J_{1}$) and\nantiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor couplings ($J_{2}$) are analyzed in the\nplane temperature versus $\\alpha$, where $\\alpha=J_{2}/|J_{1}|$ is the\nfrustration parameter. We used the original Wang-Landau sampling and the\nstandard Metropolis algorithm to confront past results of this model obtained\nby the effective-field theory (EFT) for the cubic lattice. Our numerical\nresults suggest that the predictions of the EFT are in general qualitatively\ncorrect, but the low-temperature reentrant behavior, observed in the frontier\nseparating the ferromagnetic and the colinear order, is an artifact of the EFT\napproach and should disappear when we consider Monte Carlo simulations of the\nmodel. In addition, our results indicate that the continuous phase transition\nbetween the Ferromagnetic and the Paramagnetic phases, that occurs for $0.0\n\\leq \\alpha < 0.25$, belongs to the universality class of the three-dimensional\npure Ising Model.",
        "positive": "Dynamical properties of Potts model with invisible states: We study dynamic behavior of Potts model with invisible states near the\nfirst-order phase transition temperature. We focus on melting process starting\nfrom the perfect ordered state. This model is regarded as a standard model to\nanalyze nature of phase transition. We can control the energy barrier between\nthe ordered state and paramagnetic state without changing the symmetry which\nbreaks at the transition point. We calculate time-dependency of the order\nparameter, density of invisible state, and internal energy. They show two-step\nrelaxation behavior. We also consider the relation between the characteristic\nmelting time and characteristic scale of the energy barrier by changing the\nnumber of invisible states. We find that characteristic melting time increases\nas the energy barrier enlarges in this model. Thus, this model is regarded as a\nfundamental model to analyze dynamic behavior near the first-order phase\ntransition point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "DNA denaturation as a new kind of phase transition: Unbinding of a double-stranded DNA reduces to an unscreened long range\ninteraction and maps on various problems. Heterogeneity renormalizes\ninteraction. Renormalization is temperature dependent. At an unbinding\ntransition it approaches critical dimensionality. This implies giant\nnon-universal critical indexes and invalidity of the Gibbs distribution\nsufficiently close to the critical temperature Tc. Fluctuations are\nmacroscopically large below Tc. There are no fluctuations above it.",
        "positive": "Sandpiles Subjected to Sinusoidal Drive: This paper considers a sandpile model subjected to a sinusoidal external\ndrive with the time period $T$. We develop a theoretical model for the Green\nfunction in a large $T$ limit, which predicts that the avalanches are\nanisotropic and elongated in the oscillation direction. We track the problem\nnumerically and show that the system shows additionally a regime where the\navalanches are elongated in the perpendicular direction with respect to the\noscillations. We find a transition point between these two regimes. The power\nspectrum of avalanche size and the grains wasted from the parallel and\nperpendicular directions are studied. These functions show power-law behaviour\nin terms of the frequency with exponents, which run with $T$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kramers-Wannier Duality of Statistical Mechanics Applied to the Boolean\n  Satisfiability Problem of Computer Science: We present a novel application of the Kramers-Wannier duality on one of the\nmost important problems of computer science, the Boolean satisfiability problem\n(SAT). More specifically, we focus on sharp-SAT or equivalently #SAT - the\nproblem of counting the number of solutions to a Boolean satisfaction formula.\n#SAT can be cast into a statistical-mechanical language, where it reduces to\ncalculating the partition function of an Ising spin Hamiltonian with multi-spin\ninteractions. We show that Kramers-Wannier duality can be generalized to apply\nto such multi-connected spin networks. We present an exact dual partner to #SAT\nand explicitly verify their equivalence with a few simple examples. It is shown\nthat the NP-completeness of the original problem maps on the complexity of the\ndual problem of enumerating the number of non-negative solutions to a\nDiophantine system of equations. We discuss the implications of this duality\nand the prospects of similar dualities applied to computer science problems.",
        "positive": "Dynamics of a financial market index after a crash: We discuss the statistical properties of index returns in a financial market\njust after a major market crash. The observed non-stationary behavior of index\nreturns is characterized in terms of the exceedances over a given threshold.\nThis characterization is analogous to the Omori law originally observed in\ngeophysics. By performing numerical simulations and theoretical modelling, we\nshow that the nonlinear behavior observed in real market crashes cannot be\ndescribed by a GARCH(1,1) model. We also show that the time evolution of the\nValue at Risk observed just after a major crash is described by a power-law\nfunction lacking a typical scale."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transition in the majority-vote model on the Archimedean lattices: The majority-vote model with noise was studied on the eleven Archimedean\nlattices by the Monte-Carlo method and the finite-size scaling. The critical\nnoises and the critical exponents were obtained with unprecedented precision.\nContrary to some previous reports, we confirmed that the majority-vote model on\nthe Archimedean lattices belongs to the two-dimensional Ising universality\nclass. It was shown that very precise determination of the critical noise is\nrequired to obtain proper values of the critical exponents.",
        "positive": "On the variational principle for fractional kinetic theory: In a recent paper (Abe S 2013 Phys. Rev. E 88 022142), a variational\nprinciple has been formulated for spatiotemporally-fractional Fokker-Planck\nequations and applied to derivations of their approximate analytic solutions\nbased on the L\\'evy Ansatz. Here, the problem of the constraint associated with\nnormalization condition on a probability distribution behind the principle is\ndiscussed. It is shown that the action functional possesses a specific\ntransformation property in terms of an auxiliary field and the constraint turns\nout to have already been imposed implicitly in terms of such a structure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size scaling as a way to probe near-criticality in natural swarms: Collective behaviour in biological systems is often accompanied by strong\ncorrelations. The question has therefore arisen of whether correlation is\namplified by the vicinity to some critical point in the parameters space.\nBiological systems, though, are typically quite far from the thermodynamic\nlimit, so that the value of the control parameter at which correlation and\nsusceptibility peak depend on size. Hence, a system would need to readjust its\ncontrol parameter according to its size in order to be maximally correlated.\nThis readjustment, though, has never been observed experimentally. By gathering\nthree-dimensional data on swarms of midges in the field we find that swarms\ntune their control parameter and size so as to maintain a scaling behaviour of\nthe correlation function. As a consequence, correlation length and\nsusceptibility scale with the system's size and swarms exhibit a near-maximal\ndegree of correlation at all sizes.",
        "positive": "A statistical model with a standard Gamma distribution: We study a statistical model consisting of $N$ basic units which interact\nwith each other by exchanging a physical entity, according to a given\nmicroscopic random law, depending on a parameter $\\lambda$. We focus on the\nequilibrium or stationary distribution of the entity exchanged and verify\nthrough numerical fitting of the simulation data that the final form of the\nequilibrium distribution is that of a standard Gamma distribution. The model\ncan be interpreted as a simple closed economy in which economic agents trade\nmoney and a saving criterion is fixed by the saving propensity $\\lambda$.\nAlternatively, from the nature of the equilibrium distribution, we show that\nthe model can also be interpreted as a perfect gas at an effective temperature\n$T(\\lambda)$, where particles exchange energy in a space with an effective\ndimension $D(\\lambda)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Single T gate in a Clifford circuit drives transition to universal\n  entanglement spectrum statistics: Clifford circuits are insufficient for universal quantum computation or\ncreating $t$-designs with $t\\ge 4$. While the entanglement entropy is not a\ntelltale of this insufficiency, the entanglement spectrum is: the entanglement\nlevels are Poisson-distributed for circuits restricted to the Clifford\ngate-set, while the levels follow Wigner-Dyson statistics when universal gates\nare used. In this paper we show, using finite-size scaling analysis of\ndifferent measures of level spacing statistics, that in the thermodynamic\nlimit, inserting a single T $(\\pi/8)$ gate in the middle of a random Clifford\ncircuit is sufficient to alter the entanglement spectrum from a Poisson to a\nWigner-Dyson distribution.",
        "positive": "Failure of the fluctuation-dissipation relation to ensure equilibrium: Fluctuation-dissipation relation ensures thermodynamic equilibrium of a\nparticle immersed in a heat bath. We will show that, under certain\ncircumstances, the fluctuation-dissipation relation fails to ensure equilibrium\nbetween the immersed system and the heat bath. We consider a symmetry broken\ndimer, constrained to move in one dimension, is in compliance with the\nrequirements of fluctuation-dissipation relation. An exact analytic result\nshows a nonzero average velocity of the center of mass of the dimer indicating\nthat the state of the system is a nonequilibrium one. Based on this new\nphysical observation, we propose an alternative paradigm for a Brownian motor\nwhich would extract useful energy directly from the heat bath unlike the ones\nbased on Brownian Ratchet principle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Notes on the delta-expansion approach to the 2D Ising susceptibility\n  scaling: We study the scaling of the magnetic susceptibility in the square Ising model\nbased upon the delta-expansion in the high temperature phase. The\nsusceptibility chi is expressed in terms of the mass M and expanded in powers\nof 1/M. The dilation around M=0 by the delta expansion and the parametric\nextension of the ratio of derivatives of chi, chi^{(ell+1)}/chi^{(ell)} is used\nas a test function for the estimation of the critical exponent gamma with no\nbias from information of the critical temperature. Estimation is done with the\nhelp of the principle of minimum sensitivity and detailed analysis revealed\nthat ell=0,1 cases provide us accurate estimation results. Critical exponent of\nthe sub-leading scaling term is also estimated.",
        "positive": "A new approach for the analytic computation of the Instantaneous Normal\n  Modes spectrum: In the context of the Instantaneous Normal Mode approach, the spectrum of the\nHessian of Hamiltonian is a key quantity to describe liquids behaviour. The\ndetermination of the spectrum represents a major task for theoretical studies,\nand has been addressed recently in various works. In this paper a new approach\nfor the analytic computation of the Hessian spectrum is presented. The one\ndimensional case for a system of particles interacting via a purely repulsive\npotential at low density is analyzed in details and the spectrum is computed\nexactly also in the localized sector. Finally, the possible extensions of the\nmethod are discussed, together with a comparison with different approaches to\nthe problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations of the total entropy production in stochastic systems: Fluctuations of the excess heat in an out of equilibrium steady state are\nexperimentally investigated in two stochastic systems : an electric circuit\nwith an imposed mean current and a harmonic oscillator driven out of\nequilibrium by a periodic torque. In these two linear systems, we study excess\nheat that represents the difference between the dissipated heat out of\nequilibrium and the dissipated heat at equilibrium. Fluctuation theorem holds\nfor the excess heat in the two experimental systems for all observation times\nand for all fluctuation magnitudes.",
        "positive": "Entropic stochastic resonance: the constructive role of the unevenness: We demonstrate the existence of stochastic resonance (SR) in confined systems\narising from entropy variations associated to the presence of irregular\nboundaries. When the motion of a Brownian particle is constrained to a region\nwith uneven boundaries, the presence of a periodic input may give rise to a\npeak in the spectral amplification factor and therefore to the appearance of\nthe SR phenomenon. We have proved that the amplification factor depends on the\nshape of the region through which the particle moves and that by adjusting its\ncharacteristic geometric parameters one may optimize the response of the\nsystem. The situation in which the appearance of such entropic stochastic\nresonance (ESR) occurs is common for small-scale systems in which confinement\nand noise play an prominent role. The novel mechanism found could thus\nconstitute an important tool for the characterization of these systems and can\nput to use for controlling their basic properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Underlying mechanisms for normal heat transport in one-dimensional\n  anharmonic oscillator systems with a double-well interparticle interaction: Previous studies have suggested a crossover from superdiffusive to normal\nheat transport in one-dimensional (1D) anharmonic oscillator systems with a\ndouble-well type interatomic interaction like $V(\\xi)=-\\xi^2/2+\\xi^4/4$, when\nthe system temperature is varied. In order to better understand this unusual\nmanner of thermal transport, here we perform a direct dynamics simulation to\nexamine how the spreading processes of the three physical quantities, i.e., the\nheat, the total energy and the momentum, would depend on temperature. We find\nthree main points that are worth noting: (i) The crossover from superdiffusive\nto normal heat transport is well verified from a new perspective of heat\nspread; (ii) The spreading of the total energy is found to be very distinct\nfrom heat diffusion, especially that under some temperature regimes, energy is\nstrongly localized, while heat can be superdiffusive. So one should take care\nto derive a general connection between the heat conduction and energy\ndiffusion; (iii) In a narrow range of temperatures, the spreading of momentum\nimplies clear unusual non-ballistic behaviors; however, such unusual transport\nof momentum cannot be directly related to the normal transport of heat. An\nanalysis of phonons spectra suggests that one should also take the effects of\nphonons softening into account. All of these results may provide insights into\nestablishing the connection between the macroscopic heat transport and the\nunderlying dynamics in 1D systems.",
        "positive": "Anomalous Behavior of Magnetic Susceptibility Obtained by Quench\n  Experiments in Isolated Quantum Systems: We examine how the magnetic susceptibility obtained by the quench experiment\non isolated quantum systems is related to the isothermal and adiabatic\nsusceptibilities defined in thermodynamics. Under the conditions similar to the\neigenstate thermalization hypothesis, together with some additional natural\nones, we prove that for translationally invariant systems the quench\nsusceptibility as a function of wave vector k is discontinuous at k=0.\nMoreover, its values at k=0 and the k to 0 limit coincide with the adiabatic\nand the isothermal susceptibilities, respectively. We give numerical\npredictions on how these particular behaviors can be observed in experiments on\nthe XYZ spin chain with tunable parameters, and how they deviate when the\nconditions are not fully satisfied."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Griffiths-McCoy singularities, Lee-Yang zeros and the cavity method in a\n  solvable diluted ferromagnet: We study the diluted Ising ferromagnet on the Bethe lattice as a case study\nfor the application of the cavity method to problems with Griffiths-McCoy\nsingularities. Specifically, we are able to make much progress at infinite\ncoupling where we compute, from the cavity method, the density of Lee-Yang\nzeroes in the paramagnetic Griffiths region as well as the properties of the\nphase transition to the ferromagnet. This phase transition is itself of a\nGriffiths-McCoy character albeit with a power law distribution of cluster\nsizes.",
        "positive": "Skyrmions as quasiparticles: free energy and entropy: The free energy and the entropy of magnetic skyrmions with respect to the\ncollinear state are calculated for a (Pt$_{0.95}$Ir$_{0.05}$)/Fe bilayer on\nPd(111) via atomistic spin model simulations. The simulations are carried out\nstarting from very low temperatures where the skyrmion number is conserved up\nto the range where skyrmions are constantly created and destroyed by thermal\nfluctuations, highlighting their quasiparticle nature. The higher entropy of\nthe skyrmions at low temperature leads to a reduced free energy, such that the\nskyrmions become energetically preferred over the collinear state due to\nentropic stabilization as predicted by linear spin-wave theory. Going beyond\nthe linear spin-wave approximation, a sign change is shown to occur in the free\nenergy as well as the entropy at elevated temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions induced by saddle points of vanishing curvature: Based on the study of saddle points of the potential energy landscapes of\ngeneric classical many-particle systems, we present a necessary criterion for\nthe occurrence of a thermodynamic phase transition. Remarkably, this criterion\nimposes conditions on microscopic properties, namely curvatures at the saddle\npoints of the potential, and links them to the macroscopic phenomenon of a\nphase transition. We apply our result to two exactly solvable models,\ncorroborating that the criterion derived is not only valid, but also sharp and\nuseful: For both models studied, the criterion excludes the occurrence of a\nphase transition for all values of the potential energy but the transition\nenergy. This result adds a geometrical ingredient to an established topological\ncondition for the occurrence of a phase transition, thereby providing an answer\nto the long standing question of which topology changes in configuration space\ncan induce a phase transition.",
        "positive": "Magnetism and effect of anisotropy with one dimensional monatomic chain\n  of cobalt by a Monte Carlo simulation: The magnetic properties of the one dimensional (1D) monatomic chain of Co\nreported in a previous experimental work are investigated by a classical Monte\nCarlo simulation based on the anisotropic Heisenberg model. In our simulation,\nthe effect of the on-site uniaxial anisotropy, Ku, on each individual Co atom\nand the nearest neighbour exchange interaction, J, are accounted for. The\nnormalized coercivity HC(T)/HC(TCL) is found to show a universal behaviour,\nHC(T)/HC(TCL) = h0(e^{TB/T}-e) in the temperature interval, TCL < T < TBCal,\narising from the thermal activation effect. In the above expression, h0 is a\nconstant, TBCal is the blocking temperature determined by the calculation, and\nTCL is the temperature above which the classical Monte Carlo simulation gives a\ngood description on the investigated system. The present simulation has\nreproduced the experimental features, including the temperature dependent\ncoercivity, HC(T), and the angular dependence of the remanent magnetization,\nMR(phi,theta), upon the relative orientation (phi,theta) of the applied field\nH. In addition, the calculation reveals that the ferromagnetic-like open\nhysteresis loop is a result of a slow dynamical process at T < TBCal. The\ndependence of the dynamical TBCal on the field sweeping rate R, the on-site\nanisotropy constant Ku, and the number of atoms in the atomic chain, N, has\nbeen investigated in detail."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Leveraging large-deviation statistics to decipher the stochastic\n  properties of measured trajectories: Extensive time-series encoding the position of particles such as viruses,\nvesicles, or individual proteins are routinely garnered in single-particle\ntracking experiments or supercomputing studies. They contain vital clues on how\nviruses spread or drugs may be delivered in biological cells. Similar\ntime-series are being recorded of stock values in financial markets and of\nclimate data. Such time-series are most typically evaluated in terms of\ntime-average mean-squared displacements, which remain random variables for\nfinite measurement times. Their statistical properties are different for\ndifferent physical stochastic processes, thus allowing us to extract valuable\ninformation on the stochastic process itself. To exploit the full potential of\nthe statistical information encoded in measured time-series we here propose an\neasy-to-implement and computationally inexpensive new methodology, based on\ndeviations of the time-averaged mean-squared displacement from its ensemble\naverage counterpart. Specifically, we use the upper bound of these deviations\nfor Brownian motion to check the applicability of this approach to simulated\nand real data sets. By comparing the probability of deviations for different\ndata sets, we demonstrate how the theoretical bound for Brownian motion reveals\nadditional information about observed stochastic processes. We apply the\nlarge-deviation method to data sets of tracer beads tracked in aqueous\nsolution, tracer beads measured in mucin hydrogels, and of geographic surface\ntemperature anomalies. Our analysis shows how the large-deviation properties\ncan be efficiently used as a simple yet effective routine test to reject the\nBrownian motion hypothesis and unveil crucial information on statistical\nproperties such as ergodicity breaking and short-time correlations.",
        "positive": "Aging properties of an anomalously diffusing particle: We report new results about the two-time dynamics of an anomalously diffusing\nclassical particle, as described by the generalized Langevin equation with a\nfrequency-dependent noise and the associated friction. The noise is defined by\nits spectral density proportional to $\\omega^{\\delta-1}$ at low frequencies,\nwith $0<\\delta<1$ (subdiffusion) or $1<\\delta<2$ (superdiffusion). Using\nLaplace analysis, we derive analytic expressions in terms of Mittag-Leffler\nfunctions for the correlation functions of the velocity and of the\ndisplacement. While the velocity thermalizes at large times (slowly, in\ncontrast to the standard Brownian motion case $\\delta=1$), the displacement\nnever attains equilibrium: it ages. We thus show that this feature of normal\ndiffusion is shared by a subdiffusive or superdiffusive motion. We provide a\nclosed form analytic expression for the fluctuation-dissipation ratio\ncharacterizing aging."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized hydrodynamics of the repulsive spin-$\\frac{1}{2}$ Fermi gas: We study non-homogeneous quantum quenches in a one-dimensional gas of\nrepulsive spin-$1/2$ fermions, as described by the integrable Yang-Gaudin\nmodel. By means of generalized hydrodynamics (GHD), we analyze in detail the\nreal-time evolution following a sudden change of the confining potential. We\nconsider in particular release protocols and trap quenches, including a version\nof the quantum Newton's cradle. At zero temperature, we employ a simplified\nphase-space hydrodynamic picture to characterize the dynamics of the particle-\nand spin-density profiles. Away from zero temperatures, we perform a thorough\nnumerical study of the GHD equations, and provide quantitative predictions for\ndifferent values of the temperature, external magnetic field, and chemical\npotential. We highlight the qualitative features arising due to the\nmulti-component nature of the elementary excitations, discussing in particular\neffects of spin-charge separation and dynamical polarization.",
        "positive": "Thoroughly analysis of the phase diagram for the Bell-Lavis model: An\n  entropic simulational study: In this work, we investigate the Bell-Lavis model using entropic simulations\nfor several values of the energy parameters. The $T\\times\\mu$ phase diagram and\nthe ground state configurations are analyzed thoroughly. Besides, we examine\nthe particle density and specific heat behavior for different values of the\nchemical potential $\\mu$ as functions of temperature. We also obtain\nconfigurations that maximize the canonical probability for several values of\nchemical potential and temperature, enabling the identification of the low\ndensity ($LDL$) and high-density liquid ($HDL$) phases, among others, in the\ncritical regions. We found a second-order phase transition from the $LDL-HDL_0$\nto $LDL-HDL$ coexistence in the range of $0<\\mu<1.05503$. In the\n$1.05503<\\mu<1.48024$ range, the transition between the $LDL-HDL_0$ and\n$LDL-HDL_0-empty$ coexistence presents discontinuous and continuous transitions\ncharacteristics. Finally, for $1.48024<\\mu<1.5$, the phase transition between\n$LDL$ and $empty$ phases is of first-order."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-dimensional quantum percolation with binary non-zero hopping\n  integrals: In a previous work [Dillon and Nakanishi, Eur.Phys.J B 87, 286 (2014)], we\nnumerically calculated the transmission coefficient of the two-dimensional\nquantum percolation problem and mapped out in detail the three regimes of\nlocalization, i.e., exponentially localized, power-law localized, and\ndelocalized which had been proposed earlier [Islam and Nakanishi, Phys.Rev. E\n77, 061109 (2008)]. We now consider a variation on quantum percolation in which\nthe hopping integral ($w$) associated with bonds that connect to at least one\ndiluted site is not zero, but rather a fraction of the hopping integral (V=1)\nbetween non-diluted sites. We study the latter model by calculating quantities\nsuch as the transmission coefficient and the inverse participation ratio and\nfind the original quantum percolation results to be stable for $w>0$ over a\nwide range of energy. In particular, except in the immediate neighborhood of\nthe band center (where increasing $w$ to just $0.02*V$appears to eliminate\nlocalization effects), increasing $w$ only shifts the boundaries between the 3\nregimes but does not eliminate them until $w$ reaches 10%-40% of $V$.",
        "positive": "Towards a separation of the elements in turbulence via the analyses\n  within MPDFT: The PDFs for energy dissipation rates created in a high resolution from\n$4096^3$ DNS for fully developed turbulence are analyzed in a high precision\nwith the PDF derived within the formula of multifractal probability density\nfunction theory (MPDFT). MPDFT is a statistical mechanical ensemble theory\nconstructed in order to analyze intermittent phenomena through the experimental\nPDFs with fat-tail. By making use of the obtained w-PDFs created from the whole\nof the DNS region, analyzed for the first time are the two partial PDFs, i.e.,\nthe max-PDF and the min-PDF which are, respectively, taken out from the partial\nDNS regions of the size $512^3$ with maximum and minimum enstropy. The main\ninformation for the partial PDFs are the following. One can find a w-PDF whose\ntail part can adjust the slope of the tail-part of a max-PDF with appropriate\nmagnification factor. The value of the point at which the w-PDF multiplied by\nthe magnification factor starts to overlap the tail part of the max-PDF\ncoincides with the value of the connection point for the theoretical w-PDF. The\ncenter part of the min-PDFs can be adjusted quite accurately by the scaled\nw-PDFs with a common scale factor."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic Equationins in the Theory of Normal Fermi Liquid: On the bases of the improved approximation for the spectral function of\none-particle states the Landau-Silin kinetic equations for the normal Fermi\nliquids of neutral and electrically charged particles are shown to be valid at\nfinite temperature above the temperature of superfluid transition.",
        "positive": "Critical Scaling and Aging near the Flux Line Depinning Transition: We utilize Langevin molecular dynamics simulations to study dynamical\ncritical behavior of magnetic flux lines near the depinning transition in\ntype-II superconductors subject to randomly distributed attractive point\ndefects. We employ a coarse-grained elastic line Hamiltonian for the mutually\nrepulsive vortices and purely relaxational kinetics. In order to infer the\nstationary-state critical exponents for the continuous non-equilibrium\ndepinning transition at zero temperature T = 0 and at the critical driving\ncurrent density j_c, we explore two-parameter scaling laws for the flux lines'\ngyration radius and mean velocity as functions of the two relevant scaling\nfields T and j - j_c. We also investigate critical aging scaling for the\ntwo-time height auto-correlation function in the early-time non-equilibrium\nrelaxation regime to independently measure critical exponents. We provide\nnumerical exponent values for the distinct universality classes of\nnon-interacting and repulsive vortices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Irreversibility in linear systems with colored noise: Time-irreversibility is a distinctive feature of non-equilibrium dynamics and\nseveral measures of irreversibility have been introduced to assess the distance\nfrom thermal equilibrium of a stochastically driven system. While the dynamical\nnoise is often approximated as white, in many real applications the time\ncorrelations of the random forces can actually be significantly long-lived\ncompared to the relaxation times of the driven system. We analyze the effects\nof temporal correlations in the noise on commonly used measures of\nirreversibility and demonstrate how the theoretical framework for white noise\ndriven systems naturally generalizes to the case of colored noise.\nSpecifically, we express the auto-correlation function, the area enclosing\nrates, and mean phase space velocity in terms of solutions of a Lyapunov\nequation and in terms of their white noise limit values.",
        "positive": "Density of states and ground state magnetic ordering of the triangular\n  lattice three-state Potts model: This study present a Monte Carlo investigations of low-temperature magnetic\nordering and phase transitions in three-state Potts model on triangular lattice\nwith various exchange interactions between nearest (J1) and next-nearest (J2)\nneighbors. The density of states for varying J1 and J2 are calculated. The\nmagnetic structure of the ground state for various J1 and J2 are obtained. The\ncritical temperature are calculated and the order of the phase transition\ndetermined. The density of states difference (DOSD) and histogram analysis\nmethod are used to investigate the order of the phase transitions. The\nfrustrated regions are determined. It is shown, that for negative J1 the high\ndegeneration of the ground state are in fully frustrated area\n-1<=J2/abs(J1)<=-0.2. For positive J1 frustration are occurred in area\n-1<=J2/J1<=-0.5, but only in point J2/J1=-1 the system have a high degeneration\nand are fully frustrated. The phase diagram of the three-state triangular Potts\nmodel are show."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Segregation in noninteracting binary mixture: Process of stripe formation is analyzed numerically in a binary mixture. The\nsystem consists of particles of two sizes, without any direct mutual\ninteractions. Overlapping of large particles, surrounded by a dense system of\nsmaller particles induces indirect entropy driven interactions between large\nparticles. Under an influence of an external driving force the system orders\nand stripes are formed. Mean width of stripes grows logarithmically with time,\nin contrast to a typical power law temporal increase observed for driven\ninteracting lattice gas systems. We describe the mechanism responsible for this\nbehavior and attribute the logarithmic growth to a random walk of large\nparticles in a random potential due to the small ones.",
        "positive": "A model of large-scale proteome evolution: The next step in the understanding of the genome organization, after the\ndetermination of complete sequences, involves proteomics. The proteome includes\nthe whole set of protein-protein interactions, and two recent independent\nstudies have shown that its topology displays a number of surprising features\nshared by other complex networks, both natural and artificial. In order to\nunderstand the origins of this topology and its evolutionary implications, we\npresent a simple model of proteome evolution that is able to reproduce many of\nthe observed statistical regularities reported from the analysis of the yeast\nproteome. Our results suggest that the observed patterns can be explained by a\nprocess of gene duplication and diversification that would evolve proteome\nnetworks under a selection pressure, favoring robustness against failure of its\nindividual components."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions in the unconstrained ensemble: The unconstrained ensemble describes completely open systems in which energy,\nvolume and number of particles fluctuate. Here we show that not only\nequilibrium states can exist in this ensemble, but also that completely open\nsystems can undergo first-order phase transitions. This is shown by studying a\nmodified version of the Thirring model with attractive and repulsive\ninteractions and with particles of finite size. The model exhibits first-order\nphase transitions in the unconstrained ensemble, at variance with the analogous\nmodel with point-like particles. While unconstrained and grand canonical\nensembles are equivalent for this model, we found inequivalence between the\nunconstrained and isothermal-isobaric ensembles. By comparing the thermodynamic\nphase diagram in the unconstrained case with that obtained in the\nisothermal-isobaric ensemble, we show that phase transitions under completely\nopen conditions for this model are different from those in which the number of\nparticles is fixed, highlighting the inequivalence of ensembles.",
        "positive": "Resonant activation in 2D and 3D systems driven by multi-variate L\u00e9vy\n  noises: Resonant activation is one of classical effects demonstrating constructive\nrole of noise. In resonant activation cooperative action of barrier modulation\nprocess and noise lead to the optimal escape kinetics as measured by the mean\nfirst passage time. Resonant activation has been observed in versatilities of\nsystems for various types of barrier modulation processes and noise types.\nHere, we show that resonant activation is also observed in 2D and 3D systems\ndriven by bi-variate and tri-variate $\\alpha$-stable noises. Strength of\nresonant activation is sensitive to the exact value of the noise parameters. In\nparticular, the decrease in the stability index $\\alpha$ results in the\ndisappearance of the resonant activation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Friction of a driven chain: Role of momentum conservation, Goldstone and\n  radiation modes: We analytically study friction and dissipation of a driven bead in a 1D\nharmonic chain, and analyze the role of internal damping mechanism as well as\nchain length. Specifically, we investigate Dissipative Particle Dynamics and\nLangevin Dynamics, as paradigmatic examples that do and do not display\ntranslational symmetry, with distinct results: For identical parameters, the\nfriction forces can differ by many orders of magnitude. For slow driving, a\nGoldstone mode traverses the entire system, resulting in friction of the driven\nbead that grows arbitrarily large (Langevin) or gets arbitrarily small\n(Dissipative Particle Dynamics) with system size. For a long chain, the\nfriction for DPD is shown to be bound, while it shows a singularity (i.e. can\nbe arbitrarily large) for Langevin damping. For long underdamped chains, a\nradiation mode is recovered in either case, with friction independent of\ndamping mechanism. For medium length chains, the chain shows the expected\nresonant behavior. At the resonance, friction is non-analytic in damping\nparameter $\\gamma$, depending on it as $\\gamma^{-1}$. Generally, no zero\nfrequency bulk friction coefficient can be determined, as the limits of small\nfrequency and infinite chain length do not commute, and we discuss the regimes\nwhere \"simple\" macroscopic friction occurs.",
        "positive": "Many-body Green's function theory for thin ferromagnetic films: exact\n  treatment of the single-ion anisotropy: A theory for the magnetization of ferromagnetic films is formulated within\nthe framework of many-body Green's funtion theory which considers all\ncomponents of the magnetization. The model Hamiltonian includes a Heisenberg\nterm, an external field, a second- and fourth-order uniaxial single-ion\nanisotropy, and the magnetic dipole-dipole coupling. The single-ion anisotropy\nterms can be treated exactly by introducing higher-order Green's functions and\nsubsequently taking advantage of relations between products of spin operators\nwhich leads to an automatic closure of the hierarchy of the equations of motion\nfor the Green's functions with respect to the anisotropy terms. This is an\nimprovement on the method of our previous work, which treated the corresponding\nterms only approximately by decoupling them at the level of the lowest-order\nGreen's functions. RPA-like approximations are used to decouple the exchange\nterms in both the low-order and higher-order Green's functions. As a first\nnumerical example we apply the theory to a monolayer for spin S=1 in order to\ndemonstrate the superiority of the present treatment of the anisotropy terms\nover the previous approximate decouplings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Towards a phase diagram of the topologically frustrated XY chain: Landau theory's implicit assumption that microscopic details cannot affect\nthe system's phases has been challenged only recently in systems such as\nantiferromagnetic quantum spin chains with periodic boundary conditions, where\ntopological frustration can be induced. In this work, we show that the latter\nmodifies the zero temperature phase diagram of the XY chain in a transverse\nmagnetic field by inducing new quantum phase transitions. In doing so, we come\nacross the first case of second order boundary quantum phase transition\ncharacterized by a quartic dispersion relation. Our analytical results are\nsupported by numerical investigations and lay the foundation for understanding\nthe phase diagram of this frustrated model.",
        "positive": "Typical Pure Nonequilibrium Steady States: We show that typicality holds for a class of nonequilibrium systems, i.e.,\nnonequilibrium steady states (NESSs): almost all the pure states properly\nsampled from a certain Hilbert space well represent a NESS and characterize its\nintrinsic thermal nature. We clarify the relevant Hilbert space from which the\npure states are to be sampled, and construct practically all the typical pure\nNESSs. The scattering approach leads us to the natural extension of the\ntypicality for equilibrium systems. Each pure NESS correctly yields the\nexpectation values of observables given by the standard ensemble approach. It\nmeans that we can calculate the expectation values in a NESS with only a single\npure NESS. We provide an explicit construction of the typical pure NESS for a\nmodel with two reservoirs, and see that it correctly reproduces the\nLandauer-type formula for the current flowing steadily between the reservoirs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Duration of local violations of the second law of thermodynamics along\n  single trajectories in phase space: We define the {\\it violation fraction} $\\nu$ as the cumulative fraction of\ntime that the entropy change is negative during single realizations of\nprocesses in phase space. This quantity depends both on the number of degrees\nof freedom $N$ and the duration of the time interval $\\tau$. In the\nlarge-$\\tau$ and large-$N$ limit we show that, for ergodic and microreversible\nsystems, the mean value of $\\nu$ scales as\n$\\langle\\nu(N,\\tau)\\rangle\\sim\\big(\\tau N^{\\frac{1}{1+\\alpha}}\\big)^{-1}$. The\nexponent $\\alpha$ is positive and generally depends on the protocol for the\nexternal driving forces, being $\\alpha=1$ for a constant drive. As an example,\nwe study a nontrivial model where the fluctuations of the entropy production\nare non-Gaussian: an elastic line driven at a constant rate by an anharmonic\ntrap. In this case we show that the scaling of $\\langle \\nu \\rangle$ with $N$\nand $\\tau$ agrees with our result. Finally, we discuss how this scaling law may\nbreak down in the vicinity of a continuous phase transition.",
        "positive": "Apparent violation of equipartition of energy in constrained dynamical\n  systems: We propose a planar chain system, which is a simple mechanical system with a\nconstraint. It is composed of $N$ masses connected by $N-1$ light links. It can\nbe considered as a model of a chain system, e.g., a polymer, in which each bond\nis replaced by a rigid link. The long time average of the kinetic energies of\nthe masses in this model is numerically computed. It is found that the average\nkinetic energies of the masses are different and masses near the ends of the\nchain have large energies. We explain that this result is not in contradiction\nwith the principle of equipartition. The apparent violation of equipartition is\nobserved not only in the planar chain systems but also in other constrained\nsystems. We derive an approximate expression for the average kinetic energy,\nwhich is in qualitative agreement with the numerical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "General Approach for Deriving Reference Distribution Functions for\n  Systems out of Equilibrium by Statistical Thermodynamics: A general approach for deriving the expression of reference (density of)\ndistribution functions, F^0, by statistical thermodynamics and the definition\nof local equilibrium conditions is illustrated. This procedure may be adopted\nfor a system subject to an arbitrary number of thermodynamic forces. For\nconcreteness, we analyze the case of a system submitted to three independent\nthermodynamic forces and the local equilibrium corresponds to the configuration\nof minimum entropy production condition and the maximum entropy principle. In\nthis limit case, we show that the derived expression of distribution function\nis more general than that one, which is currently used for fitting the\nnumerical steady-state solution obtained by simulating the Ion Cyclotron\nRadiation Heating (ICRH) FAST-plasmas and for describing various scenarios of\ntokamak plasmas. Through kinetic theory, we fixed the free parameters linking\nthem with the external power supplies. The singularity at low energy in the\nproposed distribution function is related to the intermittency in the turbulent\nplasma. As a matter of fact, this work is not restricted to, but applied to,\ntokamak plasmas. Tokamak-plasmas are taken as an example of close thermodynamic\nsystems. An application to a simple model of fully ionized tokamak-plasmas\nsubmitted to an external Ohmic source is discussed.",
        "positive": "Determination of Forces from a Potential in Molecular Dynamics: In Molecular Dynamics (MD), the forces applied to atoms derive from\npotentials which describe the energy of bonds, valence angles, torsion angles,\nand Lennard-Jones interactions of which molecules are made. These de finitions\nare classic; on the contrary, their implementation in a MD system which\nrespects local equilibrium of mechanical conditions is usually not described.\nThe precise derivation of the forces from the potential and the proof that\ntheir application preserves energy is the object of this note. This work is\npart of the building of a multi-scale MD system, presently under development."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Evolution equation for tagged particle density and correlations in\n  single file diffusion: We derive and study a theoretical description for single file diffusion,\ni.e., diffusion in a one dimensional lattice of particles with hard core\ninteraction. It is well known that for this system a tagged particle has\nanomalous diffusion for long times. The novelty of the present approach is that\nit allows for the derivation of correlations between a tagged particle and\nother particles of the system at a given distance with empty sites in between.\nThe behavior of the correlation gives deeper insights into the processes\ninvolved. Numerical integration of differential equations are in good agreement\nwith Monte Carlo simulations.",
        "positive": "Dynamics at barriers in bidirectional two-lane exclusion processes: A two-lane exclusion process is studied where particles move in the two lanes\nin opposite directions and are able to change lanes. The focus is on the steady\nstate behavior in situations where a positive current is constrained to an\nextended subsystem (either by appropriate boundary conditions or by the\nembedding environment) where, in the absence of the constraint, the current\nwould be negative. We have found two qualitatively different types of steady\nstates and formulated the conditions of them in terms of the transition rates.\nIn the first type of steady state, a localized cluster of particles forms with\nan anti-shock located in the subsystem and the current vanishes exponentially\nwith the extension of the subsystem. This behavior is analogous to that of the\none-lane partially asymmetric simple exclusion process, and can be realized\ne.g. when the local drive is induced by making the jump rates in two lanes\nunequal. In the second type of steady state, which is realized e.g. if the\nlocal drive is induced purely by the bias in the lane change rates, and which\nhas thus no counterpart in the one-lane model, a delocalized cluster of\nparticles forms which performs a diffusive motion as a whole and, as a\nconsequence, the current vanishes inversely proportionally to the extension of\nthe subsystem. The model is also studied in the presence of quenched\ndisordered, where, in case of delocalization, phenomenological considerations\npredict anomalously slow, logarithmic decay of the current with the system size\nin contrast with the usual power-law."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical maximum entropy approach to flocking: We derive a new method to infer from data the out-of-equilibrium alignment\ndynamics of collectively moving animal groups, by considering the maximum\nentropy distribution consistent with temporal and spatial correlations of\nflight direction. When bird neighborhoods evolve rapidly, this dynamical\ninference correctly learns the parameters of the model, while a static one\nrelying only on the spatial correlations fails. When neighbors change slowly\nand detailed balance is satisfied, we recover the static procedure. We\ndemonstrate the validity of the method on simulated data. The approach is\napplicable to other systems of active matter.",
        "positive": "A general classification scheme of detecting spatial and dynamical\n  heterogeneities in super-cooled liquids: A computational approach via implementation of the Principle Component\nAnalysis (PCA) and Gaussian Mixture (GM) clustering methods from Machine\nLearning (ML) algorithms to identify domain structures of supercooled liquids\nis developed. Raw features data are collected from the coordination numbers of\nparticles smoothed using its radial distribution function and are used as an\norder-parameter of disordered structures for GM clustering after dimensionality\nreduction from the PCA. To transfer the knowledge from features(structural)\nspace to configurational space, another GM clustering is performed using the\nCartesian coordinates as an order-parameter with the particles' identity from\nGM in the feature space. Both GM clustering are performed iteratively until\nconvergence. Results show the appearance of aggregated clusters of nano-domains\nover sufficient long timescale both in structural and configurational spaces\nwith heterogeneous dynamics. More importantly, consistent nano-domains tilling\nup the whole space regardless of the system size are observed and our approach\ncan be applied to any disordered systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unveiling nonequilibrium from multifilar events: Closely related to the laws of thermodynamics, the detection and\nquantification of disequilibria are crucial in unraveling the complexities of\nnature, particularly those beneath observable layers. Theoretical developments\nin nonequilibrium thermodynamics employ coarse-graining methods to consider a\ndiversity of partial information scenarios that mimic experimental limitations,\nallowing the inference of properties such as the entropy production rate. A\nubiquitous but rather unexplored scenario involves observing events that can\npossibly arise from many transitions in the underlying Markov process--which we\ndub $\\textit{multifilar events}$--as in the cases of exchanges measured at\nparticle reservoirs, hidden Markov models, mixed chemical and mechanical\ntransformations in biological function, composite systems, and more. We relax\none of the main assumptions in a previously developed framework, based on\nfirst-passage problems, to assess the non-Markovian statistics of mutifilar\nevents. By using the asymmetry of event distributions and their waiting-times,\nwe put forward model-free tools to detect nonequilibrium behavior and estimate\nentropy production, while discussing their suitability for different classes of\nsystems and regimes where they provide no new information, evidence of\nnonequilibrium, a lower bound for entropy production, or even its exact value.\nThe results are illustrated in reference models through analytics and numerics.",
        "positive": "The Yang-Lee zeros of the 1D Blume-Capel model on connected and\n  non-connected rings: We carry out a numerical and analytic analysis of the Yang-Lee zeros of the\n1D Blume-Capel model with periodic boundary conditions and its generalization\non Feynman diagrams for which we include sums over all connected and\nnon-connected rings for a given number of spins. In both cases, for a specific\nrange of the parameters, the zeros originally on the unit circle are shown to\ndeparture from it as we increase the temperature beyond some limit. The curve\nof zeros can bifurcate and become two disjoint arcs as in the 2D case. We also\nshow that in the thermodynamic limit the zeros of both Blume-Capel models on\nthe static (connected ring) and on the dynamical (Feynman diagrams) lattice\ntend to overlap. In the special case of the 1D Ising model on Feynman diagrams\nwe can prove for arbitrary number of spins that the Yang-Lee zeros must be on\nthe unit circle. The proof is based on a property of the zeros of Legendre\nPolynomials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical initial-slip scaling for the noisy complex Ginzburg-Landau\n  equation: We employ the perturbative field-theoretic renormalization group method to\ninvestigate the universal critical behavior near the continuous non-equilibrium\nphase transition in the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with additive white\nnoise. This stochastic partial differential describes a remarkably wide range\nof physical systems: coupled non-linear oscillators subject to external noise\nnear a Hopf bifurcation instability; spontaneous structure formation in\nnon-equilibrium systems, e.g., in cyclically competing populations; and\ndriven-dissipative Bose--Einstein condensation, realized in open systems on the\ninterface of quantum optics and many-body physics, such as cold atomic gases\nand exciton-polaritons in pumped semiconductor quantum wells in optical\ncavities. Our starting point is a noisy, dissipative Gross-Pitaevski or\nnon-linear Schr\\\"odinger equation, or equivalently purely relaxational kinetics\noriginating from a complex-valued Landau-Ginzburg functional, which generalizes\nthe standard equilibrium model A critical dynamics of a non-conserved complex\norder parameter field. We study the universal critical behavior of this system\nin the early stages of its relaxation from a Gaussian-weighted fully randomized\ninitial state. In this critical aging regime, time translation invariance is\nbroken, and the dynamics is characterized by the stationary static and dynamic\ncritical exponents, as well as an independent `initial-slip' exponent. We show\nthat to first order in the dimensional expansion about the upper critical\ndimension, this initial-slip exponent in the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation\nis identical to its equilibrium model A counterpart. We furthermore employ the\nrenormalization group flow equations as well as construct a suitable complex\nspherical model extension to argue that this conclusion likely remains true to\nall orders in the perturbation expansion.",
        "positive": "How `sticky' are short-range square-well fluids?: The aim of this work is to investigate to what extent the structural\nproperties of a short-range square-well (SW) fluid of range $\\lambda$ at a\ngiven packing fraction and reduced temperature can be represented by those of a\nsticky-hard-sphere (SHS) fluid at the same packing fraction and an effective\nstickiness parameter $\\tau$. Such an equivalence cannot hold for the radial\ndistribution function since this function has a delta singularity at contact in\nthe SHS case, while it has a jump discontinuity at $r=\\lambda$ in the SW case.\nTherefore, the equivalence is explored with the cavity function $y(r)$.\nOptimization of the agreement between $y_{\\sw}$ and $y_{\\shs}$ to first order\nin density suggests the choice for $\\tau$. We have performed Monte Carlo (MC)\nsimulations of the SW fluid for $\\lambda=1.05$, 1.02, and 1.01 at several\ndensities and temperatures $T^*$ such that $\\tau=0.13$, 0.2, and 0.5. The\nresulting cavity functions have been compared with MC data of SHS fluids\nobtained by Miller and Frenkel [J. Phys: Cond. Matter 16, S4901 (2004)].\nAlthough, at given values of $\\eta$ and $\\tau$, some local discrepancies\nbetween $y_{\\sw}$ and $y_{\\shs}$ exist (especially for $\\lambda=1.05$), the SW\ndata converge smoothly toward the SHS values as $\\lambda-1$ decreases. The\napproximate mapping $y_{\\sw}\\to y_{\\shs}$ is exploited to estimate the internal\nenergy and structure factor of the SW fluid from those of the SHS fluid. Taking\nfor $y_{\\shs}$ the solution of the Percus--Yevick equation as well as the\nrational-function approximation, the radial distribution function $g(r)$ of the\nSW fluid is theoretically estimated and a good agreement with our MC\nsimulations is found. Finally, a similar study is carried out for short-range\nSW fluid mixtures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic Equations for Diffusion in the Presence of Entropic Barriers: We use the mesoscopic nonequilibrium thermodynamics theory to derive the\ngeneral kinetic equation of a system in the presence of potential barriers. The\nresult is applied to the description of the evolution of systems whose dynamics\nis influenced by entropic barriers. We analyze in detail the case of diffusion\nin a domain of irregular geometry in which the presence of the boundaries\ninduces an entropy barrier when approaching the exact dynamics by a coarsening\nof the description. The corresponding kinetic equation, named Fick-Jacobs\nequation, is obtained, and its validity is generalized through the formulation\nof a scaling law for the diffusion coefficient which depends on the shape of\nthe boundaries. The method we propose can be useful to analyze the dynamics of\nsystems at the nanoscale where the presence of entropy barriers is a common\nfeature.",
        "positive": "Low-temperature quantum fluctuations in overdamped ratchets: At low temperatures and strong friction the time evolution of the density\ndistribution in position follows a quantum Smoluchowski equation. Recently,\nalso higher-order contributions of quantum fluctuations to drift and diffusion\ncoefficients have been systematically derived. As a non-trivial situation to\nreveal the impact of subleading quantum corrections and to demonstrate\nconvergence properties of the perturbation series, directed transport in\nratchets is studied. It is shown that the perturbation series typically has a\nnon-monotonous behavior. Depending on symmetry properties higher order\ncontributions may even compensate current reversals induced by leading quantum\nfluctuations. This analysis demonstrates how to consistently treat the dynamics\nof overdamped quantum systems at low temperatures also in numerical\napplications."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statics and dynamics of infinite-dimensional liquids and glasses: a\n  parallel, compact derivation: We provide a compact derivation of the static and dynamic equations for\ninfinite-dimensional particle systems in the liquid and glass phases. The\nstatic derivation is based on the introduction of an \"auxiliary\" disorder and\nthe use of the replica method. The dynamic derivation is based on the general\nanalogy between replicas and the supersymmetric formulation of dynamics. We\nshow that static and dynamic results are consistent, and follow the Random\nFirst Order Transition scenario of mean field disordered glassy systems.",
        "positive": "Mapping Koch curves into scale-free small-world networks: The class of Koch fractals is one of the most interesting families of\nfractals, and the study of complex networks is a central issue in the\nscientific community. In this paper, inspired by the famous Koch fractals, we\npropose a mapping technique converting Koch fractals into a family of\ndeterministic networks, called Koch networks. This novel class of networks\nincorporates some key properties characterizing a majority of real-life\nnetworked systems---a power-law distribution with exponent in the range between\n2 and 3, a high clustering coefficient, small diameter and average path length,\nand degree correlations. Besides, we enumerate the exact numbers of spanning\ntrees, spanning forests, and connected spanning subgraphs in the networks. All\nthese features are obtained exactly according to the proposed generation\nalgorithm of the networks considered. The network representation approach could\nbe used to investigate the complexity of some real-world systems from the\nperspective of complex networks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Form of Stochastic Evolution for Slow Variables in Equilibrium\n  Systems: Nonlinear, multiplicative Langevin equations for a complete set of slow\nvariables in equilibrium systems are generally derived on the basis of the\nseparation of time scales. The form of the equations is universal and\nequivalent to that obtained by Green. An equation with a nonlinear friction\nterm for Brownian motion turns out to be an example of the general results. A\nkey method in our derivation is to use different discretization schemes in a\npath integral formulation and the corresponding Langevin equation, which also\nleads to a consistent understanding of apparently different expressions for the\npath integral in previous studies.",
        "positive": "The specific heat, the energy density and the thermodynamic Casimir\n  force in the neighbourhood of the lambda-transition: We discuss the relation of the specific heat, the energy density and the\nthermodynamic Casimir effect in the case of thin films in the three dimensional\nXY universality class. The finite size scaling function $\\theta(x)$ of the\nthermodynamic Casimir force can be expressed in terms of the scaling functions\nh'(x) and h(x) of the excess energy density and the excess free energy density.\nA priori these quantities depend on the reduced temperature t and the thickness\nL_0 of the film. However finite size scaling theory predicts that the scaling\nfunctions depend only on the combination x=t [L_0/\\xi_0]^{1/\\nu}, where \\nu is\nthe critical exponent and $\\xi_0$ the amplitude of the correlation length. We\nexploit this fact to compute \\theta from Monte Carlo data for the excess energy\ndensity of the improved two-component \\phi^4 model on the simple cubic lattice\nwith free boundary conditions in the short direction. We repeat this exercise\nusing experimental data for the excess specific heat of 4He films. The finite\nsize scaling behaviour of the excess specific heat is governed by h''(x), which\nis proportional to the scaling function $f_2$ discussed in the literature. We\ncompare our results with previous work, where the Casimir force has been\ncomputed by taking the derivative of the excess free energy with respect to the\nthickness of the film. As a preparative study we have also computed the scaling\nfunctions h'(x) and h(x) for finite L^3 systems with periodic boundary\nconditions in all directions, where L is the linear extension of the system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum nonequilibrium equalities with absolute irreversibility: We derive quantum nonequilibrium equalities in absolutely irreversible\nprocesses. Here by absolute irreversibility we mean that in the backward\nprocess the density matrix does not return to the subspace spanned by those\neigenvectors that have nonzero weight in the initial density matrix. Since the\ninitial state of a memory and the postmeasurement state of the system are\nusually restricted to a subspace, absolute irreversibility occurs during the\nmeasurement and feedback processes. An additional entropy produced in absolute\nirreversible processes needs to be taken into account to derive nonequilibrium\nequalities. We discuss a model of a feedback control on a qubit system to\nillustrate the obtained equalities. By introducing $N$ heat baths each composed\nof a qubit and letting them interact with the system, we show how the entropy\nreduction via feedback control can be converted into work. An explicit form of\nextractable work in the presence of absolute irreversibility is given.",
        "positive": "The Rubber Band Revisited: Wang-Landau Simulation: In this work we apply Wang-Landau simulations to a simple model which has\nexact solutions both in the microcanonical and canonical formalisms. The\nsimulations were carried out by using an updated version of the Wang-Landau\nsampling. We consider a homopolymer chain consisting of $N$ monomers units\nwhich may assume any configuration on the two-dimensional lattice. By imposing\nconstraints to the moves of the polymers we obtain three different models. Our\nresults show that updating the density of states only after every $N$ monomers\nmoves leads to a better precision. We obtain the specific heat and the\nend-to-end distance per monomer and test the precision of our simulations\ncomparing the location of the maximum of the specific heat with the exact\nresults for the three types of walks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Application of superstatistics to atmospheric turbulence: We successfully apply the recent developed superstatistics theory to a\ntemporal series of turbulent wind measurements recorded by the anemometers of\nFlorence airport. Within this approach we can reproduce very well the\nfluctuations and the pdfs of wind velocity returns and differences.",
        "positive": "Fractional advection-diffusion-asymmetry equation: Fractional kinetic equations employ non-integer calculus to model anomalous\nrelaxation and diffusion in many systems. While this approach is well explored,\nit so far failed to describe an important class of transport in disordered\nsystems. Motivated by work on contaminant spreading in geological formations we\npropose and investigate a fractional advection-diffusion equation describing\nthe biased spreading packet. While usual transport is described by diffusion\nand drift, we find a third term describing symmetry breaking which is\nomnipresent for transport in disordered systems. Our work is based on\ncontinuous time random walks with a finite mean waiting time and a diverging\nvariance, a case that on the one hand is very common and on the other was\nmissing in the kaleidoscope literature of fractional equations. The fractional\nspace derivatives stem from long trapping times while previously they were\ninterpreted as a consequence of spatial L{\\'e}vy flights."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spontaneously ordered motion of self-propelled particles: We study a biologically inspired, inherently non-equilibrium model consisting\nof self-propelled particles. In the model, particles move on a plane with a\nvelocity of constant magnitude; they locally interact with their neighbors by\nchoosing at each time step a velocity direction equal to the average direction\nof their neighbors. Thus, in the limit of vanishing velocities the model\nbecomes analogous to a Monte-Carlo realization of the classical XY ferromagnet.\nWe show by large-scale numerical simulations that, unlike in the equilibrium XY\nmodel, a long-range ordered phase characterized by non-vanishing net flow\n$\\phi$ emerges in this system in a phase space domain bordered by a critical\nline along which the fluctuations of the order parameter diverge. The\ncorresponding phase diagram as a function of two parameters, the amplitude of\nnoise $\\eta$ and the average density of the particles $\\varrho$ is calculated\nand is found to have the form $\\eta_c(\\varrho)\\sim \\varrho^{1/2}$. We also find\nthat $\\phi$ scales as a function of the external bias $h$ (field or ``wind'')\naccording to a power law $\\phi\\sim h^{0.9}$. In the ordered phase the system\nshows long-range correlated fluctuations and $1/f$ noise.",
        "positive": "Pattern Formation in Interface Depinning and Other Models: Erratically\n  Moving Spatial Structures: We study erratically moving spatial structures that are found in a driven\ninterface in a random medium at the depinning threshold. We introduce a\nbond-disordered variant of the Sneppen model and study the effect of extremal\ndynamics on the morphology of the interface. We find evidence for the formation\nof a structure which moves along with the growth site. The time average of the\nstructure, which is defined with respect to the active spot of growth, defines\nan activity-centered pattern. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations show that the\npattern has a tail which decays slowly, as a power law. To understand this sort\nof pattern formation, we write down an approximate integral equation involving\nthe local interface dynamics and long-ranged jumps of the growth spot. We\nclarify the nature of the approximation by considering a model for which the\nintegral equation is exactly derivable from an extended master equation.\nImprovements to the equation are considered by adding a second coupled equation\nwhich provides a self-consistent description. The pattern, which defines a\none-point correlation function, is shown to have a strong effect on ordinary\nspace-fixed two-point correlation functions. Finally we present evidence that\nthis sort of pattern formation is not confined to the interface problem, but is\ngeneric to situations in which the activity at succesive time steps is\ncorrelated, as for instance in several other extremal models. We present\nnumerical results for activity-centered patterns in the Bak-Sneppen model of\nevolution and the Zaitsev model of low-temperature creep."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local Simulation Algorithms for Coulomb Interaction: Long ranged electrostatic interactions are time consuming to calculate in\nmolecular dynamics and Monte-Carlo simulations. We introduce an algorithmic\nframework for simulating charged particles which modifies the dynamics so as to\nallow equilibration using a local Hamiltonian. The method introduces an\nauxiliary field with constrained dynamics so that the equilibrium distribution\nis determined by the Coulomb interaction. We demonstrate the efficiency of the\nmethod by simulating a simple, charged lattice gas.",
        "positive": "Why spin ice obeys the ice rules: The low temperature entropy of the the spin ice compounds, such as\nHo$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ and Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$, is well described by the\nnearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic Ising model on the pyrochlore lattice, i.e.\\\nby the ``ice rules''. This is surprising since the dominant coupling between\nthe spins is their long ranged dipole interaction. We show that this phenomenon\ncan be understood rather elegantly: one can construct a model dipole\ninteraction, by adding terms of shorter range, which yields {\\it precisely} the\nsame ground states, and hence T=0 entropy, as the nearest neighbor interaction.\nA treatment of the small difference between the model and true dipole\ninteractions reproduces the numerical work by Gingras et al in detail. We are\nalso led to a more general concept of projective equivalence between\ninteractions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequilibrium static growing length scales in supercooled liquids on\n  approaching the glass transition: The small wavenumber $k$ behavior of the structure factor $S(k)$ of\novercompressed amorphous hard-sphere configurations was previously studied for\na wide range of densities up to the maximally random jammed state, which can be\nviewed as a prototypical glassy state [A. Hopkins, F. H. Stillinger and S.\nTorquato, Phys. Rev. E, 86, 021505 (2012)]. It was found that a precursor to\nthe glassy jammed state was evident long before the jamming density was reached\nas measured by a growing nonequilibrium length scale extracted from the volume\nintegral of the direct correlation function $c(r)$, which becomes long-ranged\nas the critical jammed state is reached. The present study extends that work by\ninvestigating via computer simulations two different atomic models: the\nsingle-component Z2 Dzugutov potential in three dimensions and the\nbinary-mixture Kob-Andersen potential in two dimensions. Consistent with the\naforementioned hard-sphere study, we demonstrate that for both models a\nsignature of the glass transition is apparent well before the transition\ntemperature is reached as measured by the length scale determined from from the\nvolume integral of the direct correlation function in the single-component case\nand a generalized direct correlation function in the binary-mixture case. The\nlatter quantity is obtained from a generalized Orstein-Zernike integral\nequation for a certain decoration of the atomic point configuration. We also\nshow that these growing length scales, which are a consequence of the\nlong-range nature of the direct correlation functions, are intrinsically\nnonequilibrium in nature as determined by an index $X$ that is a measure of\ndeviation from thermal equilibrium. It is also demonstrated that this\nnonequilibrium index, which increases upon supercooling, is correlated with a\ncharacteristic relaxation time scale.",
        "positive": "Properties of non-FCC hard-sphere solids predicted by density functional\n  theory: The free energies of the FCC, BCC, HCP and Simple Cubic phases for hard\nspheres are calculated as a function of density using the Fundamental Measure\nTheory models of Rosenfeld et al (PRE 55, 4245 (1997)), Tarazona (PRL 84, 694\n(2001)) and Roth et al (J. Phys.: Cond. Matt. 14, 12063 (2002)) in the Gaussian\napproximation. For the FCC phase, the present work confirms the vanishing of\nthe Lindemann parameter (i.e. vanishing of the width of the Gaussians) near\nclose packing for all three models and the results for the HCP phase are nearly\nidentical. For the BCC phase and for packing fractions above $\\eta \\sim 0.56$,\nall three theories show multiple solid structures differing in the widths of\nthe Gaussians. In all three cases, one of these structures shows the expected\nvanishing of the Lindemann parameter at close packing, but this physical\nstructure is only thermodynamically favored over the unphysical structures in\nthe Tarazona theory and even then, some unphysical behavior persists at lower\ndensities. The simple cubic phase is stabilized in the model of Rosenfeld et\nal. for a range of densities and in the Tarazona model only very near\nclose-packing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Irreversibility in active matter: General framework for active\n  Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles: Active matter systems are driven out of equilibrium by conversion of energy\ninto directed motion locally on the level of the individual constituents. In\nthe spirit of a minimal description, active matter is often modeled by\nso-called active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles (AOUPs), an extension of passive\nBrownian motion where activity is represented by an additional fluctuating\nnon-equilibrium \"force\" with simple statistical properties (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck\nprocess). While in passive Brownian motion, entropy production along\ntrajectories is well-known to relate to irreversibility in terms of the\nlog-ratio of probabilities to observe a certain particle trajectory forward in\ntime in comparison to observing its time-reversed twin trajectory, the\nconnection between these concepts for active matter is less clear. It is\ntherefore of central importance to provide explicit expressions for the\nirreversibility of active particle trajectories based on measurable quantities\nalone, such as the particle positions. In this technical note, we derive a\ngeneral expression for the irreversibility of AOUPs in terms of path\nprobability ratios (forward versus backward path), extending recent results\nfrom [PRX 9, 021009 (2019)] by allowing for arbitrary initial particle\ndistributions and states of the active driving.",
        "positive": "Activated diffusiophoresis: Perturbations of fluid media can give rise to non-equilibrium dynamics, which\nmay in turn cause motion of immersed inclusions. We consider perturbations\n(\"activations\") that are local in space and time, of a fluid density which is\nconserved, and study the resulting diffusiophoretic phenomena that emerge at a\nlarge distance. Specifically, we consider cases where the perturbations\npropagate diffusively, providing examples from passive and active matter for\nwhich this is expected to be the case. Activations can, for instance, be\nrealized by sudden and local changes in interaction potentials of the medium,\nor by local changes of its activity. Various analytical results are provided\nfor the case of confinement by two parallel walls. We investigate the\npossibility of extracting work from inclusions which are moving through the\nactivated fluid. Further, we show that a time-dependent density profile,\ncreated via suitable activation protocols, allows for conveyance of inclusions\nalong controlled and stable trajectories. In contrast, in states with a steady\ndensity, inclusions cannot be held at stable positions, reminiscent of\nEarnshaw's theorem of electrostatics. We expect these findings to be applicable\nin a range of experimental systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Strong ensemble nonequivalence in systems with local constraints: The asymptotic equivalence of canonical and microcanonical ensembles is a\ncentral concept in statistical physics, with important consequences for both\ntheoretical research and practical applications. However, this property breaks\ndown under certain circumstances. The most studied violation of ensemble\nequivalence requires phase transitions, in which case it has a `restricted'\n(i.e. confined to a certain region in parameter space) but `strong' (i.e.\ncharacterized by a difference between the entropies of the two ensembles that\nis of the same order as the entropies themselves) form. However, recent\nresearch on networks has shown that the presence of an extensive number of\nlocal constraints can lead to ensemble nonequivalence even in the absence of\nphase transitions. This occurs in a `weak' (i.e. leading to a subleading\nentropy difference) but remarkably `unrestricted' (i.e. valid in the entire\nparameter space) form. Here we look for more general manifestations of ensemble\nnonequivalence in arbitrary ensembles of matrices with given margins. These\nmodels have widespread applications in the study of spatially heterogeneous\nand/or temporally nonstationary systems, with consequences for the analysis of\nmultivariate financial and neural time-series, multi-platform social activity,\ngene expression profiles and other Big Data. We confirm that ensemble\nnonequivalence appears in `unrestricted' form throughout the entire parameter\nspace due to the extensivity of local constraints. Surprisingly, at the same\ntime it can also exhibit the `strong' form. This novel, simultaneously `strong\nand unrestricted' form of nonequivalence is very robust and imposes a\nprincipled choice of the ensemble. We calculate the proper mathematical\nquantities to be used in real-world applications.",
        "positive": "Power Laws and Cities Population: We study a few dynamical systems composed of many components whose sizes\nevolve according to multiplicative stochastic rules. We compare them with\nrespect to the emergence of power laws in the size distribution of their\ncomponents. We show that the details specifying and enforcing the smallest size\nof the components are crucial as well as the rules for creating new components.\nIn the systems where the power law holds, one obtains for the exponent alpha\nthe experimentally measured value 1 for a wide range of parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pseudo-diffusions and Quadratic term structure models: The non-gaussianity of processes observed in financial markets and relatively\ngood performance of gaussian models can be reconciled by replacing the Brownian\nmotion with Levy processes whose Levy densities decay as exp(-lambda|x|) or\nfaster, where lambda>0 is large. This leads to asymptotic pricing models. The\nleading term, P0, is the price in the Gaussian model with the same\ninstantaneous drift and variance. The first correction term depends on the\ninstantaneous moments of order up to three, that is, the skewness is taken into\naccount, the next term depends on moments of order four (kurtosis) as well,\netc. In empirical studies, the asymptotic formula can be applied without\nexplicit specification of the underlying process: it suffices to assume that\nthe instantaneous moments of order greater than two are small w.r.t. moments of\norder one and two, and use empirical data on moments of order up to three or\nfour. As an application, the bond pricing problem in the non-Gaussian quadratic\nterm structure model is solved. For pricing of options near expiry, a different\nset of asymptotic formulas is developed; they require more detailed\nspecification of the process, especially of its jump part. The leading terms of\nthese formulas depends on the jump part of the process only, so that they can\nbe used in empirical studies to identify the jump characteristics of the\nprocess.",
        "positive": "Phase transition in magnetically coupled spins on a ring (SOR) model: We have considered a new type of 'XY' model where spins are placed on\nconcentric ring with constant spin density in every ring. The spin executes\ncontinuous rotation under a modified Shore-Zwanzig Hamiltonian (J. Chem. Phys.\n63, 5445 (1975)). We have performed Monte Carlo simulation using Glauber\nacceptance criteria. Computations of Binder's cumulant, specific heat and\nmagnetic susceptibility all show presence of a finite temperature\norder-disorder phase transition in this spin system. The system size dependence\nof Binder's cumulant suggests the existence of a phase transition with a\ntransition temperature of T* = 1.2. However, we have found no signature of the\noccurrence of vortex in our SOR model. The absence of hysteresis rules out the\npossibility of first order phase transition. We have found two \"stable\" states\nfor T* = 0 phase. The perfectly ordered true ground state is obtained by\ngradual cooling of the system, while the other is obtained by starting the\nsimulation with a random configuration at T* = 0. This second state has higher\nenergy than the perfectly aligned ground state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Multifractal Description of Wind Speed Records: In this paper, a systematic analysis of hourly wind speed data obtained from\nfour potential wind generation sites in North Dakota is conducted. The power\nspectra of the data exhibited a power law decay characteristic of\n$1/f^{\\alpha}$ processes with possible long range correlations. The temporal\nscaling properties of the records were studied using multifractal detrended\nfluctuation analysis {\\em MFDFA}. It is seen that the records at all four\nlocations exhibit similar scaling behavior which is also reflected in the\nmultifractal spectrum determined under the assumption of a binomial\nmultiplicative cascade model.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Is there a breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation in\n  Kinetically Constrained Models at low temperature?\" by O. Blondel and C.\n  Toninelli, arXiv:1307.1651: We consider the diffusion constant, D, of a probe particle coupled to the\nEast model, extending previous numerical results for this model to encompass a\ntotal of twelve orders of magnitude in relaxation time, {\\tau}. Our\nconsiderations thus cover the full range of relaxation times relevant to\nexperimental studies of reversible glass formers. Throughout this range, we\nshow that the results of the model are consistent with a fractional\nStokes-Einstein law, D \\propto {\\tau}^{-{\\xi}} with {\\xi} \\approx 0.77. The\nsame data can also be fit by relating D{\\tau} to the East model excitation\nconcentration q, specifically, D{\\tau} \\sim 1/q^{\\alpha} with {\\alpha} \\approx\n1.6. In either case, breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation in this\nkinetically constrained model is unquestionable and large."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Mutual Selection Model for Weighted Networks: For most networks, the connection between two nodes is the result of their\nmutual affinity and attachment. In this paper, we propose a mutual selection\nmodel to characterize the weighted networks. By introducing a general mechanism\nof mutual selection, the model can produce power-law distributions of degree,\nweight and strength, as confirmed in many real networks. Moreover, we also\nobtained the nontrivial clustering coefficient $C$, degree assortativity\ncoefficient $r$ and degree-strength correlation, depending on a model parameter\n$m$. These results are supported by present empirical evidences. Studying the\ndegree-dependent average clustering coefficient $C(k)$ and the degree-dependent\naverage nearest neighbors' degree $k_{nn}(k)$ also provide us with a better\ndescription of the hierarchies and organizational architecture of weighted\nnetworks.",
        "positive": "Phase Diagram of Twist Storing Lattice Polymers in Variable Solvent\n  Quality: When double stranded DNA is turned in experiments it undergoes a transition.\nWe use an interacting self-avoiding walk on a three-dimensional fcc lattice\nweighted by writhe to relate to these experiments and treat this problem via\nsimulations. We provide evidence for the existence of a thermodynamic phase\ntransition induced by writhe and examine related phase diagrams taking solvent\nquality and stretching into account."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical properties of the frustrated Ising model on a honeycomb\n  lattice: A Monte Carlo study: Critical and in the highly frustrated regime also dynamical properties of the\n$J_1-J_2$ Ising model with competing nearest-neighbor $J_1$ and\nsecond-nearest-neighbor $J_2$ interactions on a honeycomb lattice are\ninvestigated by standard Monte Carlo and parallel tempering simulations. The\nphase boundary is determined as a function of the coupling ratio for the phase\ntransition between the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic states within $R \\equiv\nJ_2/|J_1| \\in [-1/4,0]$. It is confirmed that at least for $R \\geq -0.2$ the\ntransition remains second-order and complies with the standard Ising\nuniversality class. In the highly frustrated regime of $R < -0.2$ and low\ntemperatures the system tends to freeze to metastable domain states, separated\nby large energy barriers, which show extremely sluggish dynamics. The resulting\nhuge equilibration and autocorrelation times hinder the analysis of critical\nproperties and thus the character of the transition in this region remains to\nbe determined.",
        "positive": "The additive generalization of the Boltzmann entropy: There exists only one generalization of the classical Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon\nentropy functional to a one-parametric family of additive entropy functionals.\nWe find analytical solution to the corresponding extension of the classical\nensembles, and discuss in some detail the example of the deformation of the\nuncorrelated state."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical Slowing Down Along the Dynamic Phase Boundary in Ising\n  Meanfield Dynamics: We studied the dynamical phase transition in kinetic Ising ferromagnets\ndriven by oscillating magnetic field in meanfield approximation. The meanfield\ndifferential equation was solved by sixth order Runge-Kutta-Felberg method. The\ntime averaged magnetisation plays the role of the dynamic order parameter. We\nstudied the relaxation behaviour of the dynamic order parameter close to the\ntransition temperature, which depends on the amplitude of the applied magnetic\nfield. We observed the critical slowing down along the dynamic phase boundary.\nWe proposed a power law divergence of the relaxation time and estimated the\nexponent. We also found its dependence on the field amplitude and compared the\nresult with the exact value in limiting case.",
        "positive": "A \"Gaussian\" for diffusion on the sphere: We present an analytical closed form expression, which gives a good\napproximate propagator for diffusion on the sphere. Our formula is the\nspherical counterpart of the Gaussian propagator for diffusion on the plane.\nWhile the analytical formula is derived using saddle point methods for short\ntimes, it works well even for intermediate times. Our formula goes beyond\nconventional \"short time heat kernel expansions\" in that it is nonperturbative\nin the spatial coordinate, a feature that is ideal for studying large\ndeviations. Our work suggests a new and efficient algorithm for numerical\nintegration of the diffusion equation on a sphere. We perform Monte Carlo\nsimulations to compare the numerical efficiency of the new algorithm with the\nolder Gaussian one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Second law, Landauer's Principle and Autonomous information machine: Second law of thermodynamics can be apparently violated for systems whose\ndynamics depends on acquired information by measurement. However, when one\nconsider measurement and erasure process together along with the system it\nsaves the second law. We consider a simple example of information machine where\ninformation is used as a resource to increase its performance. The system is\nconnected to two baths, a work source and a moving tape which is used as an\ninformation reservoir. The performance of the device is autonomous. The system\nacts as an engine, erasure or refrigerator. Even combination of any two is\npossible. All these possibilities are allowed by generalized second law.",
        "positive": "Numerical Method for Accessing the Universal Scaling Function for a\n  Multi-Particle Discrete Time Asymmetric Exclusion Process: In the universality class of the one dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang surface\ngrowth, Derrida and Lebowitz conjectured the universality of not only the\nscaling exponents, but of an entire scaling function. Since Derrida and\nLebowitz's original publication [PRL 80 209 (1998)] this universality has been\nverified for a variety of continuous time, periodic boundary systems in the KPZ\nuniversality class. Here, we present a numerical method for directly examining\nthe entire particle flux of the asymmetric exclusion process (ASEP), thus\nproviding an alternative to more difficult cumulant ratios studies. Using this\nmethod, we find that the Derrida-Lebowitz scaling function (DLSF) properly\ncharacterizes the large system size limit (N-->infty) of a single particle\ndiscrete time system, even in the case of very small system sizes (N <= 22).\nThis fact allows us to not only verify that the DLSF properly characterizes\nmultiple particle discrete-time asymmetric exclusion processes, but also\nprovides a way to numerically solve for quantities of interest, such as the\nparticle hopping flux. This method can thus serve to further increase the ease\nand accessibility of studies involving even more challenging dynamics, such as\nthe open boundary ASEP."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Simple shear flow in granular suspensions: Inelastic Maxwell models and\n  BGK-type kinetic model: The Boltzmann kinetic equation for low-density granular suspensions under\nsimple shear flow is considered to determine the velocity moments through the\nfourth degree. The influence of the interstitial gas on solid particles is\nmodeled by a viscous drag force term plus a stochastic Langevin-like term. Two\nindependent but complementary approaches are followed to achieve exact results.\nFirst, to keep the structure of the Boltzmann collision operator, the so-called\ninelastic Maxwell models (IMM) are considered. In this model, since the\ncollision rate is independent of the relative velocity of the two colliding\nparticles, the forms of the collisional moments can be obtained without the\nknowledge of the velocity distribution function. As a complement of the\nprevious effort, a BGK-type kinetic model adapted to granular gases is solved\nto get the velocity moments of the velocity distribution function. The\nanalytical predictions of the rheological properties (which are \\emph{exactly}\nobtained in terms of the coefficient of restitution $\\alpha$ and the reduced\nshear rate $a^*$) show in general an excellent agreement with event-driven\nsimulations performed for inelastic hard spheres. In particular, both\ntheoretical approaches show clearly that the temperature and non-Newtonian\nviscosity exhibit an $S$ shape in a plane of stress-strain rate (discontinuous\nshear thickening effect). With respect to the fourth-degree velocity moments,\nwe find that while those moments have unphysical values for IMM in a certain\nregion of the parameter space of the system, they are well defined functions of\nboth $\\alpha$ and $a^*$ in the case of the BGK kinetic model. The explicit\nshear-rate dependence of the fourth-degree moments beyond this critical region\nis also obtained and compared against available computer simulations.",
        "positive": "Effective way to sum over long range Coulomb potentials in two and three\n  dimensions: I propose a method to calculate logarithmic interaction in two dimensions and\ncoulomb interaction in three dimensions under periodic boundary conditions.\nThis paper considers the case of a rectangular cell in two dimensions and an\northorhombic cell in three dimensions. Unlike the Ewald method, there is no\nparameter to be optimized, nor does it involve error functions, thus leading to\nthe accuracy obtained. This method is similar in approach to that of Sperb [R.\nSperb, Mol. Simulation, 22, 199 (1999).], but the derivation is considerably\nsimpler and physically appealing. An important aspect of the proposed method is\nthe faster convergence of the Green function for a particular case as compared\nto Sperb's work. The convergence of the sums for the most part of unit cell is\nexponential, and hence requires the calculation of only a few dozen terms. In a\nvery simple way, we also obtain expressions for interaction for systems with\nslab geometries. Expressions for the Madelung constant of CsCl and NaCl are\nalso obtained."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions in Extended Transverse Ising Models: We study the dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs) manifested in the\nsubsequent unitary dynamics of an extended Ising model with additional three\nspin interactions following a sudden quench. Revisiting the equilibrium phase\ndiagram of the model where different quantum phases are characterised by\ndifferent winding numbers, we show that in some situations the winding number\nmay not change across a gap closing point in the energy spectrum. Although,\nusually there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the change in winding\nnumber and the number of critical time scales associated with DQPTs, we show\nthat the extended nature of interactions may lead to unusual situations.\nImportantly, we show that in the limit of the cluster Ising model, three\ncritical modes associated with DQPTs become degenerate and thereby leading to a\nsingle critical time scale for a given sector of Fisher zeros.",
        "positive": "Entropy Production of Nonequilibrium Steady States with Irreversible\n  Transitions: In nature stationary nonequilibrium systems cannot exist on their own, rather\nthey need to be driven from outside in order to keep them away from\nequilibrium. While the internal mean entropy of such stationary systems is\nconstant, the external drive will on average increase the entropy in the\nenvironment. This external entropy production is usually quantified by a simple\nformula, stating that each microscopic transition of the system between two\nconfigurations $c \\to c'$ with rate $w_{c\\to c'}$ changes the entropy in the\nenvironment by $\\Delta S_{\\rm env} = {\\ln w_{c \\to c'}}-{\\ln w_{c' \\to c}}$.\nAccording to this formula irreversible transitions $c \\to c'$ with a vanishing\nbackward rate $w_{c'\\to c}=0$ would produce an infinite amount of entropy.\nHowever, in experiments designed to mimic such processes, a divergent entropy\nproduction, that would cause an infinite increase of heat in the environment,\nis not seen. The reason is that in an experimental realization the backward\nprocess can be suppressed but its rate always remains slightly positive,\nresulting in a finite entropy production. The paper discusses how this entropy\nproduction can be estimated and specifies a lower bound depending on the\nobservation time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Interplay between finite resources and local defect in an asymmetric\n  simple exclusion process: When particle flux is regulated by multiple factors such as particle supply\nand varying transport rate, it is important to identify the respective dominant\nregimes. We extend the well-studied totally asymmetric simple exclusion model\nto investigate the interplay between a controlled entrance and a local defect\nsite. The model mimics cellular transport phenomena where there is typically a\nfinite particle pool and non-uniform moving rates due to biochemical kinetics.\nOur simulations reveal regions where, despite an increasing particle supply,\nthe current remains constant while particles redistribute in the system.\nExploiting a domain wall approach with mean-field approximation, we provide a\ntheoretical ground for our findings. The results in steady state current and\ndensity profiles provide quantitative insights into the regulation of the\ntranscription and translation process in bacterial protein synthesis. We\ninvestigate the totally asymmetric simple exclusion model with controlled\nentrance and a defect site in the bulk to mimic the finite particle pool and\nnon-uniform moving rates in particle transport processes.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic laws in isolated systems: The recent experimental realization of exotic matter states in isolated\nquantum systems and the ensuing controversy about the existence of negative\nabsolute temperatures demand a careful analysis of the conceptual foundations\nunderlying microcanonical thermostatistics. Here, we provide a detailed\ncomparison of the most commonly considered microcanonical entropy definitions,\nfocussing specifically on whether they satisfy or violate the zeroth, first and\nsecond law of thermodynamics. Our analysis shows that, for a broad class of\nsystems that includes all standard classical Hamiltonian systems, only the\nGibbs volume entropy fulfills all three laws simultaneously. To avoid\nambiguities, the discussion is restricted to exact results and analytically\ntractable examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Fluctuation Relation for Nose-Hoover Boundary Thermostated\n  Systems: We discuss the transient and steady state fluctuation relation for a\nmechanical system in contact with two deterministic thermostats at different\ntemperatures. The system is a modified Lorentz gas in which the fixed\nscatterers exchange energy with the gas of particles, and the thermostats are\nmodelled by two Nos\\'e-Hoover thermostats applied at the boundaries of the\nsystem. The transient fluctuation relation, which holds only for a precise\nchoice of the initial ensemble, is verified at all times, as expected. Times\nlonger than the mesoscopic scale, needed for local equilibrium to be settled,\nare required if a different initial ensemble is considered. This shows how the\ntransient fluctuation relation asymptotically leads to the steady state\nrelation when, as explicitly checked in our systems, the condition found in\n[D.J. Searles, {\\em et al.}, J. Stat. Phys. 128, 1337 (2007)], for the validity\nof the steady state fluctuation relation, is verified. For the steady state\nfluctuations of the phase space contraction rate $\\zL$ and of the dissipation\nfunction $\\zW$, a similar relaxation regime at shorter averaging times is\nfound. The quantity $\\zW$ satisfies with good accuracy the fluctuation relation\nfor times larger than the mesoscopic time scale; the quantity $\\zL$ appears to\nbegin a monotonic convergence after such times. This is consistent with the\nfact that $\\zW$ and $\\zL$ differ by a total time derivative, and that the tails\nof the probability distribution function of $\\zL$ are Gaussian.",
        "positive": "Fast Bayesian inference of the multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process: The multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is used in many branches of\nscience and engineering to describe the regression of a system to its\nstationary mean. Here we present an $O(N)$ Bayesian method to estimate the\ndrift and diffusion matrices of the process from $N$ discrete observations of a\nsample path. We use exact likelihoods, expressed in terms of four sufficient\nstatistic matrices, to derive explicit maximum a posteriori parameter estimates\nand their standard errors. We apply the method to the Brownian harmonic\noscillator, a bivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, to jointly estimate its\nmass, damping, and stiffness and to provide Bayesian estimates of the\ncorrelation functions and power spectral densities. We present a Bayesian model\ncomparison procedure, embodying Ockham's razor, to guide a data-driven choice\nbetween the Kramers and Smoluchowski limits of the oscillator. These provide\nnovel methods of analyzing the inertial motion of colloidal particles in\noptical traps."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Power Laws are Boltzmann Laws in Disguise: Using a model based on generalised Lotka Volterra dynamics together with some\nrecent results for the solution of generalised Langevin equations, we show that\nthe equilibrium solution for the probability distribution of wealth has two\ncharacteristic regimes. For large values of wealth it takes the form of a\nPareto style power law. For small values of wealth, (w less then wmin) the\ndistribution function tends sharply to zero with infinite slope. The origin of\nthis law lies in the random multiplicative process built into the model. Whilst\nsuch results have been known since the time of Gibrat, the present framework\nallows for a stable power law in an arbitrary and irregular global dynamics, so\nlong as the market is `fair', i.e., there is no net advantage to any particular\ngroup or individual. We show for our model that the relative distribution of\nwealth follows a time independent distribution of this form even thought the\ntotal wealth may follow a more complicated dynamics and vary with time in an\narbitrary manner. In developing the theory, we draw parallels with conventional\nthermodynamics and derive for the system the associated laws of `econodynamics'\ntogether with the associated econodynamic potentials. The power law that arises\nin the distribution function may then be identified with new additional\nlogarithmic terms in the familiar Boltzmann distribution function for the\nsystem. The distribution function of stock market returns for our model, it is\nargued, will follow the same qualitative laws and exhibit power law behaviour.",
        "positive": "Reducing Degeneracy in Maximum Entropy Models of Networks: Based on Jaynes' maximum entropy principle, exponential random graphs provide\na family of principled models that allow the prediction of network properties\nas constrained by empirical data (observables). However, their use is often\nhindered by the degeneracy problem characterized by spontaneous\nsymmetry-breaking, where predictions fail. Here we show that degeneracy appears\nwhen the corresponding density of states function is not log-concave, which is\ntypically the consequence of nonlinear relationships between the constraining\nobservables. Exploiting these nonlinear relationships here we propose a\nsolution to the degeneracy problem for a large class of systems via\ntransformations that render the density of states function log-concave. The\neffectiveness of the method is illustrated on examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions in Ising models on directed networks: We examine Ising models with heat-bath dynamics on directed networks. Our\nsimulations show that Ising models on directed triangular and simple cubic\nlattices undergo a phase transition that most likely belongs to the Ising\nuniversality class. On the directed square lattice the model remains\nparamagnetic at any positive temperature as already reported in some previous\nstudies. We also examine random directed graphs and show that contrary to\nundirected ones, percolation of directed bonds does not guarantee ferromagnetic\nordering. Only above a certain threshold a random directed graph can support\nfinite-temperature ferromagnetic ordering. Such behaviour is found also for\nout-homogeneous random graphs, but in this case the analysis of magnetic and\npercolative properties can be done exactly. Directed random graphs also differ\nfrom undirected ones with respect to zero-temperature freezing. Only at low\nconnectivity they remain trapped in a disordered configuration. Above a certain\nthreshold, however, the zero-temperature dynamics quickly drives the model\ntoward a broken symmetry (magnetized) state. Only above this threshold, which\nis almost twice as large as the percolation threshold, we expect the Ising\nmodel to have a positive critical temperature. With a very good accuracy, the\nbehaviour on directed random graphs is reproduced within a certain approximate\nscheme.",
        "positive": "Marginal quenches and drives in Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids: We study Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids thrown out of equilibrium by marginal\ndeformations in the form of interaction modulations. This is modeled by\nquenching or periodically driving the Luttinger parameter or, equivalently, the\ncompactification radius of the free boson conformal field theory between two\ndifferent values. We obtain exact analytical results for the evolution of the\nLoschmidt echo and observables such as the particle and energy densities.\nStarting from generic initial states, the quench dynamics are shown to exhibit\nrevivals and temporal orthogonalities. For the periodic drive, we show\nstability or instability of time-evolved physical quantities dependent on the\ndrive parameters. We also compare the corresponding marginally deformed thermal\ndensity matrices by non-perturbatively evaluating their R\\'{e}nyi divergence as\na Euclidean quench. All the dynamics are shown to be crucially dependent on the\nratio of the Luttinger parameters, which corresponds to the Zamolodchikov\ndistance in the space of marginal deformations. Our setup is equivalently\ninterpreted as the dynamics of the bosonic string upon instantaneous changes of\nthe target-space radius."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical to quantum mapping for an unconventional phase transition in a\n  three-dimensional classical dimer model: We study the transition between a Coulomb phase and a dimer crystal observed\nin numerical simulations of the three-dimensional classical dimer model, by\nmapping it to a quantum model of bosons in two dimensions. The quantum phase\ntransition that results, from a superfluid to a Mott insulator at fractional\nfilling, belongs to a class that cannot be described within the\nLandau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm. Using a second mapping, to a dual model of\nvortices, we show that the long-wavelength physics near the transition is\ndescribed by a U(1) gauge theory with SU(2) matter fields.",
        "positive": "Olbert's kappa Fermi and Bose distributions: The quantum version of Olbert's kappa distribution applicable to fermions is\nobtained. Its construction is straightforward but requires recognition of the\ndifferences in the nature of states separated by Fermi momenta. Its complement,\nthe bosonic version of the kappa distribution is also given, as is the\nprocedure of how to construct a hypothetical kappa-anyon distribution. At very\nlow temperature the degenerate kappa Fermi distribution yields a kappa-modified\nversion of the ordinary degenerate Fermi energy and momentum. We provide the\nOlbert-generalized expressions of the Olbert-Fermi partition function and\nentropy which may serve determining all relevant statistical mechanical\nquantities. Possible applications are envisaged to condensed matter physics,\npossibly quantum plasmas, and dense astrophysical objects like the interior\nstate of terrestrial planets, neutron stars, magnetars where quantum effects\ncome into play, dominate the microscopic scale but may have macroscopic\nconsequences."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of confined Levy flights in terms of (Levy) semigroups: The master equation for a probability density function (pdf) driven by\nL\\'{e}vy noise, if conditioned to conform with the principle of detailed\nbalance, admits a transformation to a contractive strongly continuous semigroup\ndynamics. Given a priori a functional form of the semigroup potential, we\naddress the ground-state reconstruction problem for generic L\\'{e}vy-stable\nsemigroups, for {\\em all} values of the stability index $\\mu \\in (0,2)$. That\nis known to resolve an invariant pdf for confined L\\'{e}vy flights (e.g. the\nformer jump-type process). Jeopardies of the procedure are discussed, with a\nfocus on: (i) when an invariant pdf actually is an asymptotic one, (ii)\nsubtleties of the pdf $\\mu $-dependence in the vicinity and sharply {\\em at}\nthe boundaries 0 and 2 of the stability interval, where jump-type scenarios\ncease to be valid.",
        "positive": "Exact Determination of Moments for Density of States in Multidimensional\n  Configuration Space: For classical discrete systems on periodic lattice under constant composition\nx, we derive explicit expression of any-order moments for configurational\ndensity of states (CDOS). The derived expression clarifies that any-order\nmoments can always be given by linear combination of the first-order moments,\nwhose coefficient depends on geometric information of lattice. The expression\nenables us to exactly determine system-size (N) dependence of moments, where\nanalytic representation in terms of N and x is explicitly given up to\nlower-order generalized moment. Validity of the derived expression is confirmed\nby exact estimation of moments for binary system bcc with finite system size,\nconsidering all possible atomic configuration."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field induced transition of the S=1 antiferromagnetic chain with\n  anisotropy: The ground state magnetization process of the S=1 antiferromagnetic chain\nwith the easy-axis single-ion anisotropy described by negative $D$ is\ninvestigated. It is numerically found that a phase transition between two\ndifferent gapless phases occurs at an intermediate magnetic field between the\nstarting and saturation points of the magnetization for $-1.49<D<-0.35$. The\ntransition is similar to the spin flopping, but it is second-order and not\naccompanied with any significant anomalous behaviors in the magnetization\ncurve. We also present the phase diagrams in the m-D and H-D planes which\nreveal a possible re-entrant transition.",
        "positive": "Positional information as a universal predictor of freezing: Variation of positional information, measured by the two-body excess entropy\n$\\mathsf{S}_\\mathrm{2}$, is studied across the liquid-solid equilibrium\ntransition in a simple two-dimensional system. Analysis reveals a master\nrelation between $\\mathsf{S}_\\mathrm{2}$ and the freezing temperature\n$T_{\\mathrm{f}}$, from which a scaling law is extracted:\n$-\\mathsf{S}_\\mathrm{2}\\sim |T_{\\mathrm{f}} - T| ^{-1/3}$. Theoretical and\npractical implications of the observed universality are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Moment ratios for absorbing-state phase transitions: We determine the first through fourth moments of the order parameter, and\nvarious ratios, for several one- and two-dimensional models with\nabsorbing-state phase transitions. We perform a detailed analysis of the\nsystem-size dependence of these ratios, and confirm that they are indeed\nuniversal for three models - the contact process, the A model, and the pair\ncontact process - belonging to the directed percolation universality class. Our\nstudies also yield a refined estimate for the critical point of the pair\ncontact process.",
        "positive": "Entanglement negativity after a global quantum quench: We study the time evolution of the logarithmic negativity after a global\nquantum quench. In a 1+1 dimensional conformal invariant field theory, we\nconsider the negativity between two intervals which can be either adjacent or\ndisjoint. We show that the negativity follows the quasi-particle interpretation\nfor the spreading of entanglement. We check and generalise our findings with a\nsystematic analysis of the negativity after a quantum quench in the harmonic\nchain, highlighting two peculiar lattice effects: the late birth and the sudden\ndeath of entanglement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Turing instabilities on Cartesian product networks: The problem of Turing instabilities for a reaction-diffusion system defined\non a complex Cartesian product networks is considered. To this end we operate\nin the linear regime and expand the time dependent perturbation on a basis\nformed by the tensor product of the eigenvectors of the discrete Laplacian\noperators, associated to each of the individual networks that build the\nCartesian product. The dispersion relation which controls the onset of the\ninstability depends on a set of discrete wave- lenghts, the eigenvalues of the\naforementioned Laplacians. Patterns can develop on the Cartesian network, if\nthey are supported on at least one of its constituive sub-graphs. Multiplex\nnetworks are also obtained under specific prescriptions. In this case, the\ncriteria for the instability reduce to compact explicit formulae. Numerical\nsimulations carried out for the Mimura-Murray reaction kinetics confirm the\nadequacy of the proposed theory.",
        "positive": "Monte Carlo Test of the Classical Theory for Heterogeneous Nucleation\n  Barriers: Flat walls facilitate the condensation of a supersaturated vapor: Classical\ntheory of heterogeneous nucleation predicts that the free energy barrier\n$\\Delta F_{\\rm het}^*$ which needs to be overcome for the formation of\nsphere-cap shaped nucleation seeds is smaller than the barrier $\\Delta F^*_{\\rm\nhom}$ for spherical droplets in the bulk by a factor $0<f(\\theta)<1$, which\nonly depends on the contact angle $\\theta$. In this letter we compute both\n$\\Delta F^*_{\\rm hom}$ and $\\Delta F^*_{\\rm het}$ from Monte Carlo simulations\nand test the theory for the lattice gas model (for which $\\theta$ can be\nreadily controlled). Even though the theory is only based on macroscopic\narguments, it is shown to hold for experimentally relevant nanoscopic\nnucleation seeds ($20\\leq\\Delta F^*_{\\rm hom}/k_BT\\leq 200)$ if (independently\nestimated) line tension effects are considered."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transitions in the ergodicity of subrecoil-laser-cooled gases: With subrecoil-laser-cooled atoms one may reach nano-Kelvin temperatures\nwhile the ergodic properties of these systems do not follow usual statistical\nlaws. Instead, due to an ingenious trapping mechanism in momentum space,\npower-law-distributed sojourn times are found for the cooled particles. Here,\nwe show how this gives rise to a statistical-mechanical framework based on\ninfinite ergodic theory, which replaces ordinary ergodic statistical physics of\na thermal gas of atoms. In particular, the energy of the system exhibits a\nsharp discontinuous transition in its ergodic properties. Physically this is\ncontrolled by the fluorescence rate, but more profoundly it is a manifestation\nof a transition for any observable, from being an integrable to becoming a\nnon-integrable observable, with respect to the infinite (non-normalised)\ninvariant density.",
        "positive": "Statistical and computational intelligence approach to analytic\n  continuation in Quantum Monte Carlo: The term analytic continuation emerges in many branches of Mathematics,\nPhysics, and, more generally, applied Science. Generally speaking, in many\nsituations, given some amount of information that could arise from experimental\nor numerical measurements, one is interested in extending the domain of such\ninformation, to infer the values of some variables which are central for the\nstudy of a given problem. For example, focusing on Condensed Matter Physics,\nstate-of-the-art methodologies to study strongly correlated quantum physical\nsystems are able to yield accurate estimations of dynamical correlations in\nimaginary time. Those functions have to be extended to the whole complex plane,\nvia analytic continuation, in order to infer real-time properties of those\nphysical systems. In this Review, we will present the Genetic Inversion via\nFalsification of Theories method, which allowed us to compute dynamical\nproperties of strongly interacting quantum many--body systems with very high\naccuracy. Even though the method arose in the realm of Condensed Matter\nPhysics, it provides a very general framework to face analytic continuation\nproblems that could emerge in several areas of applied Science. Here we provide\na pedagogical review that elucidates the approach we have developed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Soft-wall induced structure and dynamics of partially confined\n  supercritical fluids: The interplay between the structure and dynamics of partially confined\nLennard Jones (LJ) fluids, deep into the supercritical phase, is studied over a\nwide range of densities in the context of the Frenkel line (FL), which\nseparates rigid liquidlike and non-rigid gaslike regimes in the phase diagram\nof the supercritical fluids. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations carried\nout at the two ends of the FL (P = 5000 bars, T = 300 K, and T = 1500 K) reveal\nintriguing features in supercritical fluids as a function of stiffness of the\npartially confining atomistic walls. The liquidlike regime of a LJ fluid (P =\n5000 bars, T = 300 K), mimicking argon, partially confined between walls\nseparated by 10 {\\AA} along the z-axis, and otherwise unconstrained, reveals\namorphous and liquidlike structural signatures in the radial distribution\nfunction parallel to the walls and enhanced self-diffusion as the wall\nstiffness is decreased. In sharp contrast, in the gas-like regime (P = 5000\nbars, T = 1500 K), soft walls lead to increasing structural order hindering\nself-diffusion. Furthermore, the correlations between the structure and\nself-diffusion are found to be well captured by excess entropy. The rich\nbehavior shown by supercritical fluids under partial confinement, even with\nsimple interatomic potentials, is found to be fairly independent of\nhydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. The study identifies persisting\nsub-diffusive features over intermediate time scales, emerging from the strong\ninterplay between density and confinement, to dictate the evolution and\nstabilization of structures. It is anticipated that these results may help gain\na better understanding of the behavior of partially confined complex fluids\nfound in nature.",
        "positive": "Universal finite size scaling around tricriticality between\n  topologically ordered, SPT, and trivial phases: A quantum tricritical point is shown to exists in coupled time-reversal\nsymmetry (TRS) broken Majorana chains. The tricriticality separates\ntopologically ordered, symmetry protected topological (SPT), and trivial phases\nof the system. Here we demonstrate that the breaking of the TRS manifests\nitself in an emergence of a new dimensionless scale, $g = \\alpha(\\xi) B\n\\sqrt{N}$, where $N$ is the system size, $B$ is a generic TRS breaking field,\nand $\\alpha(\\xi)$, with $\\alpha(0)\\equiv 1$, is a model-dependent function of\nthe localization length, $\\xi$, of boundary Majorana zero modes at the\ntricriticality. This scale determines the scaling of the finite size\ncorrections around the tricriticality, which are shown to be {\\it universal},\nand independent of the nature of the breaking of the TRS. We show that the\nsingle variable scaling function, $f(w)$, $w\\propto m N$, where $m$ is the\nexcitation gap, that defines finite-size corrections to the ground state energy\nof the system around topological phase transition at $B=0$, becomes\ndouble-scaling, $f=f(w,g)$, at finite $B$. We realize TRS breaking through\nthree different methods with completely different lattice details and find the\nsame universal behavior of $f(w,g)$. In the critical regime, $m=0$, the\nfunction $f(0,g)$ is nonmonotonic, and reproduces the Ising conformal field\ntheory scaling only in limits $g=0$ and $g\\rightarrow \\infty$. The obtained\nresult sets a scale of $N \\gg 1/(\\alpha B)^2$ for the system to reach the\nthermodynamic limit in the presence of the TRS breaking. We derive the\neffective low-energy theory describing the tricriticality and analytically find\nthe asymptotic behavior of the finite-size scaling function. Our results show\nthat the boundary entropy around the tricriticality is also a universal\nfunction of $g$ at $m=0$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Tagged particle diffusion in one-dimensional systems with Hamiltonian\n  dynamics - II: We study various temporal correlation functions of a tagged particle in\none-dimensional systems of interacting point particles evolving with\nHamiltonian dynamics. Initial conditions of the particles are chosen from the\ncanonical thermal distribution. The correlation functions are studied in finite\nsystems, and their forms examined at short and long times. Various\none-dimensional systems are studied. Results of numerical simulations for the\nFermi-Pasta-Ulam chain are qualitatively similar to results for the harmonic\nchain, and agree unexpectedly well with a simple description in terms of\nlinearized equations for damped fluctuating sound waves. Simulation results for\nthe alternate mass hard particle gas reveal that - in contradiction to our\nearlier results [1] with smaller system sizes - the diffusion constant slowly\nconverges to a constant value, in a manner consistent with mode coupling\ntheories. Our simulations also show that the behaviour of the Lennard-Jones gas\ndepends on its density. At low densities, it behaves like a hard-particle gas,\nand at high densities like an anharmonic chain. In all the systems studied, the\ntagged particle was found to show normal diffusion asymptotically, with\nconvergence times depending on the system under study. Finite size effects show\nup at time scales larger than sound traversal times, their nature being\nsystem-specific.",
        "positive": "The many-body localized phase of the quantum random energy model: The random energy model (REM) provides a solvable mean-field description of\nthe equilibrium spin glass transition. Its quantum sibling (the QREM), obtained\nby adding a transverse field to the REM, has similar properties and shows a\nspin glass phase for sufficiently small transverse field and temperature. In a\nrecent work, some of us have shown that the QREM further exhibits a many-body\nlocalization - delocalization (MBLD) transition when viewed as a closed quantum\nsystem, evolving according to the quantum dynamics. This phase encloses the\nfamiliar equilibrium spin-glass phase. In this paper we study in detail the\nMBLD transition within the forward-scattering approximation and replica\ntechniques. The predictions for the transition line are in good agreement with\nthe exact diagonalization numerics. We also observe that the structure of the\neigenstates at the MBLD critical point changes continuously with the energy\ndensity, raising the possibility of a family of critical theories for the MBLD\ntransition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "$N$-tag Probability Law of the Symmetric Exclusion Process: The Symmetric Exclusion Process (SEP), in which particles hop symmetrically\non a discrete line with hard-core constraints, is a paradigmatic model of\nsubdiffusion in confined systems. This anomalous behavior is a direct\nconsequence of strong spatial correlations induced by the requirement that the\nparticles cannot overtake each other. Even if this fact has been recognised\nqualitatively for a long time, up to now there is no full quantitative\ndetermination of these correlations. Here we study the joint probability\ndistribution of an arbitrary number of tagged particles in the SEP. We\ndetermine analytically the large time limit of all cumulants for an arbitrary\ndensity of particles, and their full dynamics in the high density limit. In\nthis limit, we unveil a universal scaling form shared by the cumulants and\nobtain the time-dependent large deviation function of the problem.",
        "positive": "Effects of hidden nodes on network structure inference: Effects of hidden nodes on inference quality of observed network structure\nare explored based on a disordered Ising model with hidden nodes. We first\nstudy analytically small systems consisting of a few nodes, and find that the\nmagnitude of the effective coupling grows as the coupling strength from the\nhidden common input nodes increases, while the field strength of the input node\nhas opposite effects. Insights gained from analytic results of small systems\nare confirmed in numerical simulations of large systems. We also find that the\ninference quality deteriorates as the number of hidden nodes increases.\nFurthermore, increasing field variance of hidden nodes improves the inference\nquality of the effective couplings, but worsens the quality for the effective\nfields. In addition, attenuated coupling strengths involved in at least one\nhidden node lead to high quality of coupling inference."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling law for the size dependence of a finite-range quantum gas: In a recent work [Reible et al., Phys. Rev. Res. 5, 023156, 2023], it has\nbeen shown that the mean particle-particle interaction across an ideal surface\nthat divides a system into two parts, can be employed to estimate the size\ndependence for the thermodynamic accuracy of the system. In this work we\npropose its application to systems with finite range interactions that models a\ndense quantum gases and derive an approximate size-dependence scaling law. In\naddition, we show that the application of the criterion is equivalent to the\ndetermination of a free energy response to a perturbation. The latter result\nconfirms the complementarity of the criterion to other estimates of finite-size\neffects based on direct simulations and empirical structure or energy\nconvergence criteria.",
        "positive": "Introduction to Phase Transitions in Random Optimization Problems: Notes of the lectures delivered in Les Houches during the Summer School on\nComplex Systems (July 2006)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local Persistence in the Directed Percolation Universality Class: We revisit the problem of local persistence in directed percolation,\nreporting improved estimates of the persistence exponent in 1+1 dimensions,\ndiscovering strong corrections to scaling in higher dimensions, and\ninvestigating the mean field limit. Moreover, we introduce a graded persistence\nprobability that a site does not flip more than n times and demonstrate how\nlocal persistence can be studied in seed simulations. Finally, the problem of\nspatial (as opposed to temporal) persistence is investigated.",
        "positive": "Epidemic Outbreaks on Random Delaunay Triangulations: We study epidemic outbreaks on random Delaunay triangulations by applying\nAsynchronous SIR (susceptible-infected-removed) model kinetic Monte Carlo\ndynamics coupled to lattices extracted from the triangulations. In order to\ninvestigate the critical behavior of the model, we obtain the cluster size\ndistribution by using Newman-Ziff algorithm, allowing to simulate random\ninhomogeneous lattices and measure any desired percolation observable. We\nnumerically calculate the order parameter, defined as the wrapping cluster\ndensity, the mean cluster size, and Binder cumulant ratio defined for\npercolation in order to estimate the epidemic threshold. Our findings suggest\nthat the system falls into two-dimensional dynamic percolation universality\nclass and the quenched random disorder is irrelevant, in agreement with results\nfor classical percolation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transitions in Ultra-Cold Two-Dimensional Bose Gases: We briefly review the theory of Bose-Einstein condensation in the\ntwo-dimensional trapped Bose gas and, in particular the relationship to the\ntheory of the homogeneous two-dimensional gas and the\nBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase. We obtain a phase diagram for the\ntrapped two-dimensional gas, finding a critical temperature above which the\nfree energy of a state with a pair of vortices of opposite circulation is lower\nthan that for a vortex-free Bose-Einstein condensed ground state. We identify\nthree distinct phases which are, in order of increasing temperature, a phase\ncoherent Bose-Einstein condensate, a vortex pair plasma with fluctuating\ncondensate phase and a thermal Bose gas. The thermal activation of\nvortex-antivortex pair formation is confirmed using finite-temperature\nclassical field simulations.",
        "positive": "Self-Consistent Theory of Rupture by Progressive Diffuse Damage: We analyze a self-consistent theory of crack growth controlled by a\ncumulative damage variable d(t) dependent on stress history. As a function of\nthe damage exponent $m$, which controls the rate of damage dd/dt \\propto\nsigma^m as a function of local stress $\\sigma$, we find two regimes. For 0 < m\n< 2, the model predicts a finite-time singularity. This retrieves previous\nresults by Zobnin for m=1 and by Bradley and Wu for 0 < m < 2. To improve on\nthis self-consistent theory which neglects the dependence of stress on damage,\nwe apply the functional renormalization method of Yukalov and Gluzman and find\nthat divergences are replaced by singularities with exponents in agreement with\nthose found in acoustic emission experiments. For m =2 and m > 2, the rupture\ndynamics is not defined without the introduction of a regularizing scheme. We\ninvestigate three regularization schemes involving respectively a saturation of\ndamage, a minimum distance of approach to the crack tip and a fixed stress\nmaximum. In the first and third schemes, the finite-time singularity is\nreplaced by a crack dynamics defined for all times but which is controlled by\neither the existence of a microscopic scale at which the stress is regularized\nor by the maximum sustainable stress. In the second scheme, a finite-time\nsingularity is again found. In the first two schemes within this regime m > 2,\nthe theory has no continuous limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A dissipation bound for thermodynamic control: Biological and engineered systems operate by coupling function to the\ntransfer of heat and/or particles down a thermal or chemical gradient. In\nidealized \\textit{deterministically} driven systems, thermodynamic control can\nbe exerted reversibly, with no entropy production, as long as the rate of the\nprotocol is made slow compared to the equilibration time of the system. Here we\nconsider \\textit{fully realizable, entropically driven} systems where the\ncontrol parameters themselves obey rules that are reversible and that acquire\ndirectionality in time solely through dissipation. We show that when such a\nsystem moves in a directed way through thermodynamic space, it must produce\nentropy that is on average larger than its generalized displacement as measured\nby the Fisher information metric. This distance measure is sub-extensive but\ncannot be made small by slowing the rate of the protocol.",
        "positive": "The Phase Space Elementary Cell in Classical and Generalized Statistics: In the past, the phase-space elementary cell of a non-quantized system was\nset equal to the third power of the Planck constant; in fact, it is not a\nnecessary assumption. We discuss how the phase space volume, the number of\nstates and the elementary-cell volume of a system of non-interacting N\nparticles, changes when an interaction is switched on and the system becomes or\nevolves to a system of correlated non-Boltzmann particles and derives the\nappropriate expressions. Even if we assume that nowadays the volume of the\nelementary cell is equal to the cube of the Planck constant, h^3, at least for\nquantum systems, we show that there is a correspondence between different\nvalues of h in the past, with important and, in principle, measurable\ncosmological and astrophysical consequences, and systems with an effective\nsmaller (or even larger) phase-space volume described by non-extensive\ngeneralized statistics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The properties of fully flexible Lennard-Jones chains in the solid\n  phase: Wertheim theory and simulation: NpT ensemble Monte Carlo simulations were performed for fully flexible\nLennard-Jones chains in the solid phase. The bond length between monomers\nwithin the chains is fixed to $L=\\sigma$ and the molecule is free to adopt any\nconfiguration. The solid structure of fully flexible chains is obtained by\nrandomly locating the bonds of the chain within a face centered cubic close\npacked arrangement of atoms. For fully flexible chains it is believed that the\nstable solid phase is disordered. Such a solid is considered in this work.\nComputer simulations were performed for chains with $m=3, 4$ and 5 monomer\nunits, and results were obtained for the equation of state and internal energy\nof the chains. An extension of Wertheim's TPT1 to the solid phase of\nLennard-Jones chains (C.Vega, F.J.Blas and A.Galindo, J.Chem.Phys.,{\\bf\n116},7645,2002) has been proposed recently. The simulation results of this work\nprovide a check on the performance of this theory. It is found that Wertheim's\nTPT1 successfully predicts the equation of state and internal energies of fully\nflexible LJ chains in the solid phase. Finally, a rigid LJ chain in a linear\nconfiguration has been considered. Computer simulations were also performed for\nthe rigid chain in an ordered solid structure. It is found that fully flexible\nand linear rigid chains present quite different equations of state and\ndifferent thermodynamic properties in the solid phase.",
        "positive": "Incommensurate vortices and phase transitions in two-dimensional XY\n  models with interaction having auxiliary minima: We discuss if phase diagrams of the two-dimensional XY models in which the\ninteraction of nearest planar spins is a nonmonotonic function of the angle u\nbetween them, V(u) = - Jcos(u) - Kcos(qu) can include a phase transition\nrelated to the dissociation of pairs of fractional vortices when q > 2."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The generalized Langevin equation revisited: Analytical expressions for\n  the persistence dynamics of a viscous fluid under a time dependent external\n  force: The non--static generalized Langevin equation and its corresponding\nFokker--Planck equation for the position of a viscous fluid particle were\nsolved in closed form for a time dependent external force. Its solution for a\nconstant external force was obtained analytically. The non--Markovian\nstochastic differential equation, associated to the dynamics of the position\nunder a colored noise, was then applied to the description of the dynamics and\npersistence time of particles constrained within absorbing barriers.\nComparisons with molecular dynamics were very satisfactory.",
        "positive": "Geometric view of the thermodynamics of adsorption at a line of\n  three-phase contact: We consider three fluid phases meeting at a line of common contact and study\nthe linear excesses per unit length of the contact line (the linear adsorptions\nLambda_i) of the fluid's components. In any plane perpendicular to the contact\nline, the locus of choices for the otherwise arbitrary location of that line\nthat makes one of the linear adsorptions, say Lambda_2, vanish, is a\nrectangular hyperbola. Two of the adsorptions, Lambda_2 and Lambda_3, then both\nvanish when the contact line is chosen to pass through any of the intersections\nof the two corresponding hyperbolas Lambda_2 = 0 and Lambda_3 = 0. There may be\ntwo or four such real intersections. It is required, and is confirmed by\nnumerical examples, that a certain expression containing \\Lambda_{1(2,3)}, the\nadsorption of component 1 in a frame of reference in which the adsorptions\nLambda_2 and Lambda_3 are both 0, is independent of which of the two or four\nintersections of Lambda_2 = 0 and Lambda_3 = 0 is chosen for the location of\nthe contact line. That is not true of Lambda_{1(2,3)} by itself; while the\nadsorptions and the line tension together satisfy a linear analog of the Gibbs\nadsorption equation, there are additional, not previously anticipated terms in\nthe relation that are required by the line tension's invariance to the\narbitrary choice of location of the contact line. The presence of the\nadditional terms is confirmed and their origin clarified in a mean-field\ndensity-functional model. The additional terms vanish at a wetting transition,\nwhere one of the contact angles goes to 0."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergent Synchronization and Flocking in Purely Repulsive\n  Self-Navigating Particles: Inspired by groups of animals and robots, we study the collective dynamics of\nlarge numbers of active particles, each one trying to get to its own randomly\nplaced target, while avoiding collisions with each other. The particles we\nstudy are repulsive homing active Brownian particles (HABPs) - self-propelled\nparticles whose orientation relaxes at a finite rate towards an absorbing\ntarget in $2d$ continuous space. For a wide range of parameters, these\nparticles form synchronised system-wide chiral flocks, in spite of the absence\nof explicit alignment interactions. We show that this dramatic behavior obtains\nfor different system sizes and density, that it is robust against the addition\nof noise, polydispersity, and bounding walls, and that it can exhibit dynamical\ntopological defects. We develop an analogy to an off-lattice, ferromagnetic XY\nmodel, which allows us to interpret the different phases, as well as the\ntopological defects.",
        "positive": "Statistical work-energy theorems in deterministic dynamics: We theoretically explore the Bochkov-Kuzovlev-Jarzynski-Crooks work theorems\nin a finite system subject to external control, which is coupled to a heat\nreservoir. We first elaborate the mechanical energy-balance between the system\nand the surrounding reservoir and proceed to formulate the statistical\ncounterpart under the general nonequilibrium conditions. Consequently, a\nconsistency condition is derived, underpinning the nonequilibrium equalities,\nboth in the framework of the system-centric and nonautonomous Hamiltonian\npictures and its utility is examined in a few examples. Also, we elucidate that\nthe symmetric fluctuation associated with forward and backward manipulation of\nthe nonequilibrium work is contingent on time-reversal invariance of the\nunderlying mesoscopic dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Helium-4 Luttinger liquids in nanopores: We study the low temperature properties of a helium-4 fluid confined in\nnanopores, using large-scale Quantum Monte Carlo simulations with realistic\nHe-He and He-pore interactions. In the narrow-pore limit, the system can be\ndescribed by the quantum hydrodynamic theory known as Luttinger liquid theory\nwith a large Luttinger parameter, corresponding to the dominance of solid\ntendencies and strong susceptibility to pinning by a periodic or random\npotential from the pore walls. On the other hand, for wider pores, the central\nregion appears to behave like a Luttinger liquid with a smaller Luttinger\nparameter, and may be protected from pinning by the wall potential, offering\nthe possibility of experimental detection of a Luttinger liquid.",
        "positive": "500-th solution of 2D Ising model: One more solution of 2D Ising model is found"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collision statistics for random flights with anisotropic scattering and\n  absorption: For a broad class of random walks with anisotropic scattering kernel and\nabsorption, we derive explicit formulas that allow expressing the moments of\nthe collision number $n_V$ performed in a volume $V$ as a function of the\nparticle equilibrium distribution. Our results apply to arbitrary domains $V$\nand boundary conditions, and allow assessing the hitting statistics for systems\nwhere the typical displacements are comparable to the domain size, so that the\ndiffusion limit is possibly not attained. An example is discussed for\none-dimensional (1d) random flights with exponential displacements, where\nanalytical calculations can be carried out.",
        "positive": "Activity phase transition for constrained dynamics: We consider two cases of kinetically constrained models, namely East and\nFA-1f models. The object of interest of our work is the activity A(t) defined\nas the total number of configuration changes in the interval [0,t] for the\ndynamics on a finite domain. It has been shown in [GJLPDW1,GJLPDW2] that the\nlarge deviations of the activity exhibit a non-equilibirum phase transition in\nthe thermodynamic limit and that reducing the activity is more likely than\nincreasing it due to a blocking mechanism induced by the constraints. In this\npaper, we study the finite size effects around this first order phase\ntransition and analyze the phase coexistence between the active and inactive\ndynamical phases in dimension 1. In higher dimensions, we show that the finite\nsize effects are also determined by the dimension and the choice of boundary\nconditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Persistence in the zero-temperature dynamics of the $Q$-states Potts\n  model on undirected-directed Barab\u00e1si-Albert networks and Erd\u00f6s-R\u00e9nyi\n  random graphs: The zero-temperature Glauber dynamics is used to investigate the persistence\nprobability $P(t)$ in the Potts model with $Q=3,4,5,7,9,12,24,64, 128$, $256,\n512, 1024,4096,16384 $,..., $2^{30}$ states on {\\it directed} and {\\it\nundirected} Barab\\'asi-Albert networks and Erd\\\"os-R\\'enyi random graphs. In\nthis model it is found that $P(t)$ decays exponentially to zero in short times\nfor {\\it directed} and {\\it undirected} Erd\\\"os-R\\'enyi random graphs. For {\\it\ndirected} and {\\it undirected} Barab\\'asi-Albert networks, in contrast it\ndecays exponentially to a constant value for long times, i.e, $P(\\infty)$ is\ndifferent from zero for all $Q$ values (here studied) from $Q=3,4,5,...,\n2^{30}$; this shows \"blocking\" for all these $Q$ values. Except that for\n$Q=2^{30}$ in the {\\it undirected} case $P(t)$ tends exponentially to zero;\nthis could be just a finite-size effect since in the other \"blocking\" cases you\nmay have only a few unchanged spins.",
        "positive": "Self-organized periodicity of protein clusters in growing bacteria: Chemotaxis receptors in E. coli form clusters at the cell poles and also\nlaterally along the cell body, and this clustering plays an important role in\nsignal transduction. Recently, experiments using flourrescence imaging have\nshown that, during cell growth, lateral clusters form at positions\napproximately periodically spaced along the cell body. In this paper, we\ndemonstrate within a lattice model that such spatial organization could arise\nspontaneously from a stochastic nucleation mechanism. The same mechanism may\nexplain the recent observation of periodic aggregates of misfolded proteins in\nE. coli."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Variations on a Demonic Theme: Szilard's Other Engines: Szilard's now-famous single-molecule engine was only the first of three\nconstructions he introduced in 1929 to resolve several paradoxes arising from\nMaxwell's demon. We analyze Szilard's remaining two demon models. We show that\nthe second one, though a markedly different implementation employing a\npopulation of distinct molecular species and semi-permeable membranes, is\ninformationally and thermodynamically equivalent to an ideal gas of the\nsingle-molecule engines. Since it is a gas of noninteracting particles one\nconcludes, following Boyd and Crutchfield, that (i) it reduces to a chaotic\ndynamical system---called the Szilard Map, a composite of three piecewise\nlinear maps that implement the thermodynamic transformations of measurement,\ncontrol, and erasure; (ii) its transitory functioning as an engine that\nconverts disorganized heat energy to work is governed by the Kolmogorov-Sinai\nentropy rate; (iii) the demon's minimum necessary \"intelligence\" for optimal\nfunctioning is given by the engine's statistical complexity, and (iv) its\nfunctioning saturates thermodynamic bounds and so it is a minimal, optimal\nimplementation. We show that Szilard's third model is rather different and\naddresses the fundamental issue, raised by the first two, of measurement in and\nby thermodynamic systems and entropy generation. Taken together, Szilard's\nsuite of constructions lays out a range of possible realizations of Maxwellian\ndemons that anticipated by almost two decades Shannon's and Wiener's concept of\ninformation as surprise and cybernetics' notion of functional information.\nThis, in turn, gives new insight into engineering implementations of novel\nnanoscale information engines that leverage microscopic fluctuations and into\nthe diversity of thermodynamic mechanisms and intrinsic computation harnessed\nin physical, molecular, biochemical, and biological systems.",
        "positive": "Bose-Einstein condensation and gauge symmetry breaking: The fundamental problem is analized, the relation between Bose-Einstein\ncondensation and spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking. This relation is largerly\nmisunderstood in physics community. Numerous articles and books contain the\nstatement that, though gauge symmetry breaking helps for describing\nBose-Einstein condensation, but the latter, in principle, does not require any\nsymmetry breaking. This, however, is not correct. The analysis is based on the\nknown mathematical theorems. But in order not to overcomplicate the\npresentation and to make it accessible to all readers, technical details are\noften omitted here. The emphasis is made on the following basic general facts:\nSpontaneous breaking of gauge symmetry is the necessary and sufficient\ncondition for Bose-Einstein condensation. Condensate fluctuations, in\nthermodynamic limit, are negligible. Their catastrophic behavior can arise only\nas a result of incorrect calculations, when a Bose-condensed system is\ndescribed without gauge symmetry breaking. It is crucially important to employ\nthe representative statistical ensembles equipped with all conditions that are\nnecessary for a unique and mathematically correct description of the given\nstatistical system. Only then one is able to develop a self-consistent theory,\nfree of paradoxes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Frozen shuffle update for an asymmetric exclusion process on a ring: We introduce a new rule of motion for a totally asymmetric exclusion process\n(TASEP) representing pedestrian traffic on a lattice. Its characteristic\nfeature is that the positions of the pedestrians, modeled as hard-core\nparticles, are updated in a fixed predefined order, determined by a phase\nattached to each of them. We investigate this model analytically and by Monte\nCarlo simulation on a one-dimensional lattice with periodic boundary\nconditions. At a critical value of the particle density a transition occurs\nfrom a phase with `free flow' to one with `jammed flow'. We are able to\nanalytically predict the current-density diagram for the infinite system and to\nfind the scaling function that describes the finite size rounding at the\ntransition point.",
        "positive": "Numerical investigations of discrete scale invariance in fractals and\n  multifractal measures: Fractals and multifractals and their associated scaling laws provide a\nquantification of the complexity of a variety of scale invariant complex\nsystems. Here, we focus on lattice multifractals which exhibit complex\nexponents associated with observable log-periodicity. We perform detailed\nnumerical analyses of lattice multifractals and explain the origin of three\ndifferent scaling regions found in the moments. A novel numerical approach is\nproposed to extract the log-frequencies. In the non-lattice case, there is no\nvisible log-periodicity, {\\em{i.e.}}, no preferred scaling ratio since the set\nof complex exponents spread irregularly within the complex plane. A non-lattice\nmultifractal can be approximated by a sequence of lattice multifractals so that\nthe sets of complex exponents of the lattice sequence converge to the set of\ncomplex exponents of the non-lattice one. An algorithm for the construction of\nthe lattice sequence is proposed explicitly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact solution of bond percolation on small arbitrary graphs: We introduce a set of iterative equations that exactly solves the size\ndistribution of components on small arbitrary graphs after the random removal\nof edges. We also demonstrate how these equations can be used to predict the\ndistribution of the node partitions (i.e., the constrained distribution of the\nsize of each component) in undirected graphs. Besides opening the way to the\ntheoretical prediction of percolation on arbitrary graphs of large but finite\nsize, we show how our results find application in graph theory, epidemiology,\npercolation and fragmentation theory.",
        "positive": "The fate of the bootstrap percolation hybrid critical point in finite\n  dimension: Bootstrap, or $k$-core, percolation displays on the Bethe lattice a mixed\nfirst/second order phase transition with both a discontinuous order parameter\nand diverging critical fluctuations. I apply the recently introduced $M$-layer\ntechnique to study corrections to mean-field theory showing that at all orders\nin the loop expansion the problem is equivalent to a spinodal with quenched\ndisorder. This implies that the mean-field hybrid transition does not survive\nin physical dimension. Nevertheless, its critical properties as an avoided\ntransition, make it a proxy of the avoided Mode-Coupling-Theory critical point\nof supercooled liquids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discrete Financial Means: When exception rules, mean means nothing;\n  Auto-catalytic Individuals Survive by all Means: The origin of macroscopic complexity is traced in a wide range of systems\n(imunology, ecology, finance, marketing, etc) to the discrete and\nauto-catalytic (i.e. multiplicative) character of their elementary components.\nEven in the simplest conditions which naively would lead to the complete\n\"death\" of any dynamics, these 2 properties lead to the emergence of\nself-organized adaptive collective objects. In turn, these objects insure the\nsurvival of a very rich and unexpectedly resilient macroscopic \"life\".",
        "positive": "Random networks created by biological evolution: We investigate a model of evolving random network, introduced by us\npreviously {[}{\\it Phys. Rev. Lett.} {\\bf 83}, 5587 (1999){]} . The model is a\ngeneralization of the Bak-Sneppen model of biological evolution, with the\nmodification that the underlying network can evolve by adding and removing\nsites. The behavior and the averaged properties of the network depend on the\nparameter $p$, the probability to establish link to the newly introduced site.\nFor $p=1$ the system is self-organized critical, with two distinct power-law\nregimes with forward-avalanche exponents $\\tau=1.98\\pm 0.04$ and $\\tau^\\prime =\n1.65\\pm 0.05$. The average size of the network diverge as power-law when $p\\to\n1$. We study various geometrical properties of the network: probability\ndistribution of sizes and connectivities, size and number of disconnected\nclusters and the dependence of mean distance between two sites on the cluster\nsize. The connection with models of growing networks with preferential\nattachment is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Directed polymer in a random medium - an introduction: This is a set of introductory lectures on the behaviour of a directed polymer\nin a random medium. Both the intuitive picture that helps in developing an\nunderstanding and systematic approaches for quantitative studies are discussed.",
        "positive": "25 Years of Self-Organized Criticality: Concepts and Controversies: Introduced by the late Per Bak and his colleagues, self-organized criticality\n(SOC) has been one of the most stimulating concepts to come out of statistical\nmechanics and condensed matter theory in the last few decades, and has played a\nsignificant role in the development of complexity science. SOC, and more\ngenerally fractals and power laws, have attacted much comment, ranging from the\nvery positive to the polemical. The other papers in this special issue\n(Aschwanden et al, 2014; McAteer et al, 2014; Sharma et al, 2015) showcase the\nconsiderable body of observations in solar, magnetospheric and fusion plasma\ninspired by the SOC idea, and expose the fertile role the new paradigm has\nplayed in approaches to modeling and understanding multiscale plasma\ninstabilities. This very broad impact, and the necessary process of adapting a\nscientific hypothesis to the conditions of a given physical system, has meant\nthat SOC as studied in these fields has sometimes differed significantly from\nthe definition originally given by its creators. In Bak's own field of\ntheoretical physics there are significant observational and theoretical open\nquestions, even 25 years on (Pruessner, 2012). One aim of the present review is\nto address the dichotomy between the great reception SOC has received in some\nareas, and its shortcomings, as they became manifest in the controversies it\ntriggered. Our article tries to clear up what we think are misunderstandings of\nSOC in fields more remote from its origins in statistical mechanics, condensed\nmatter and dynamical systems by revisiting Bak, Tang and Wiesenfeld's original\npapers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficiency of DNA replication in the Polymerase Chain Reactio: We present a detailed kinetic model for the Polymerase Chain Reaction, and\nmodel the probability of replication in terms of the physical parameters of the\nproblem. Applying the theory of branching processes, we show the existance of a\nnew phenomenon affecting the probability distribution function of the number of\nreplicants: for small number of initial molecules, the limiting behavior (with\nincreasing number of cycles) of the pdf is represented by a multi-modal\nfuntion.",
        "positive": "Reply to the Comment on \"Correlation between Dynamic Heterogeneity and\n  Medium-Range Order in Two-Dimensional Glass-Forming Liquids\": This is our reply to the comment by Sausset and Tarjus (arXiv:0802.1631) on\nour paper titled \"Correlation between Dynamic Heterogeneity and Medium-Range\nOrder in Two-Dimensional Glass-Forming Liquids\" [Phys. Rev. Lett. Vol. 99, No.\n21, 215701 (2007)]."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Convergence and coupling for spin glasses and hard spheres: We discuss convergence and coupling of Markov chains, and present general\nrelations between the transfer matrices describing these two processes. We then\nanalyze a recently developed local-patch algorithm, which computes rigorous\nupper bound for the coupling time of a Markov chain for non-trivial\nstatistical-mechanics models. Using the coupling from the past protocol, this\nallows one to exactly sample the underlying equilibrium distribution. For spin\nglasses in two and three spatial dimensions, the local-patch algorithm works at\nlower temperatures than previous exact-sampling methods. We discuss variants of\nthe algorithm which might allow one to reach, in three dimensions, the\nspin-glass transition temperature. The algorithm can be adapted to hard-sphere\nmodels. For two-dimensional hard disks, the algorithm allows us to draw exact\nsamples at higher densities than previously possible.",
        "positive": "Automatic numerical evaluation of vacancy-mediated transport for\n  arbitrary crystals: Onsager coefficients in the dilute limit using a Green\n  function approach: A general solution for vacancy-mediated diffusion in the\ndilute-vacancy/dilute-solute limit for arbitrary crystal structures is derived\nfrom the master equation. A general numerical approach to the vacancy lattice\nGreen function reduces to the sum of a few analytic functions and numerical\nintegration of a smooth function over the Brillouin zone for arbitrary\ncrystals. The Dyson equation solves for the Green function in the presence of a\nsolute with arbitrary but finite interaction range to compute the transport\ncoefficients accurately, efficiently and automatically, including cases with\nvery large differences in solute-vacancy exchange rates. The methodology takes\nadvantage of the space group symmetry of a crystal to reduce the complexity of\nthe matrix inversion in the Dyson equation. An open-source implementation of\nthe algorithm is available, and numerical results are presented for the\nconvergence of the integration error of the bare vacancy Green function, and\ntracer correlation factors for a variety of crystals including wurtzite\n(hexagonal diamond) and garnet."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Trapping reactions with subdiffusive traps and particles characterized\n  by different anomalous diffusion exponents: A number of results for reactions involving subdiffusive species all with the\nsame anomalous exponent gamma have recently appeared in the literature and can\noften be understood in terms of a subordination principle whereby time t in\nordinary diffusion is replaced by t^gamma. However, very few results are known\nfor reactions involving different species characterized by different anomalous\ndiffusion exponents. Here we study the reaction dynamics of a (sub)diffusive\nparticle surrounded by a sea of (sub)diffusive traps in one dimension. We find\nrigorous results for the asymptotic survival probability of the particle in\nmost cases, with the exception of the case of a particle that diffuses normally\nwhile the anomalous diffusion exponent of the traps is smaller than 2/3.",
        "positive": "Quantum structural phase transition in chains of interacting atoms: A quasi one--dimensional system of trapped, repulsively interacting atoms\n(e.g., an ion chain) exhibits a structural phase transition from a linear chain\nto a zigzag structure, tuned by reducing the transverse trap potential or\nincreasing the particle density. Since it is a one dimensional transition, it\ntakes place at zero temperature and therefore quantum fluctuations dominate. In\n[Fishman, et al., Phys. Rev. B 77, 064111 (2008)] it was shown that the system\nclose to the linear-zigzag instability is described by a $\\phi^4$ model. We\npropose a mapping of the $\\phi^4$ field theory to the well known Ising chain in\na transverse field, which exhibits a quantum critical point. Based on this\nmapping, we estimate the quantum critical point in terms of the system\nparameters. This estimate gives the critical value of the transverse trap\nfrequency for which the quantum phase transition occurs, and which has a\nfinite, measurable deviation from the critical point evaluated within the\nclassical theory. A measurement is suggested for atomic systems which can probe\nthe critical trap frequency at sufficiently low temperatures T. We focus in\nparticular on a trapped ion system, and estimate the implied limitations on T\nand on the interparticle distance. We conclude that the experimental\nobservation of the quantum critical behavior is in principle accessible."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetics of Aggregation with Choice: We generalize the ordinary aggregation process to allow for choice. In\nordinary aggregation, two random clusters merge and form a larger aggregate. In\nour implementation of choice, a target cluster and two candidate clusters are\nrandomly selected, and the target cluster merges with the larger of the two\ncandidate clusters. We study the long-time asymptotic behavior, and find that\nas in ordinary aggregation, the size density adheres to the standard scaling\nform. However, aggregation with choice exhibits a number of novel features.\nFirst, the density of the smallest clusters exhibits anomalous scaling. Second,\nboth the small-size and the large-size tails of the density are overpopulated,\nat the expense of the density moderate-size clusters. We also study the\ncomplementary case where the smaller candidate clusters participates in the\naggregation process, and find abundance of moderate clusters at the expense of\nsmall and large clusters. Additionally, we investigate aggregation processes\nwith choice among multiple candidate clusters, and a symmetric implementation\nwhere the choice is between two pairs of clusters.",
        "positive": "Role of water in the enzymatic catalysis: study of ATP + AMP -> 2ADP\n  conversion by adenylate kinase: The catalytic conversion ATP + AMP -> 2ADP by the enzyme adenylate kinase\n(ADK) involves the binding of one ATP molecule to the LID domain and one AMP\nmolecule to the NMP domain. The latter is followed by a phosphate transfer, and\nthen the release of two ADP molecules. We have computed a novel two dimensional\nconfigurational free energy surface (2DCFES), with one reaction coordinate each\nfor the LID and the NMP domain motions, with explicit interactions with water.\nOur computed 2DCFES clearly reveals the existence of a stable\nhalf-open-half-closed (HOHC) intermediate state of the enzyme. Cycling of the\nenzyme through the HOHC state reduces the conformational free energy barrier\nfor the reaction by about 20 kJ/mol. We find that the stability of the\nhalf-open-half-closed state (missed in all earlier studies with implicit\nsolvent model) is largely because of the increase of specific interactions of\nthe polar amino acid side chains with water, particularly with the arginine and\nthe histidine residues. Free energy surface of the LID domain is rather rugged,\nwhich can conveniently slow down LID's conformational motion, thus facilitating\na new substrate capture after the product release in the catalytic cycle."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermopower with broken time-reversal symmetry: We show that when non-unitary noise effects are taken into account the\nthermopower is in general asymmetric under magnetic field reversal, even for\nnon-interacting systems. Our findings are illustrated in the example of a\nthree-dot ring structure pierced by an Aharonov-Bohm flux.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Thermodynamics of Brownian motion in Temperature Gradient: We study stochastic thermodynamics of a Brownian particle which is subjected\nto a temperature gradient and is confined by an external potential. We first\nformulate an over-damped Ito-Langevin theory in terms of local temperature,\nfriction coefficient, and steady state distribution, all of which are\nexperimentally measurable. We then study the associated stochastic\nthermodynamics theory. We analyze the excess entropy production (EP) both at\ntrajectory level and at ensemble level, and derive the Clausius inequality as\nwell as the transient fluctuation theorem (FT). We also use molecular dynamics\nto simulate a Brownian particle inside a Lennard-Jones fluid and verify the FT.\nRemarkably we find that the FT remains valid even in the under-damped regime.\nWe explain the possible mechanism underlying this surprising result."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rotational diffusion under torque: Microscopic reversibility and excess\n  entropy: We consider rotational diffusion for two systems - a macrospin under external\nmagnetic field, and a particle diffusing on the surface of a sphere under\nexternal torque. Microstates in the two cases transform differently under\ntime-reversal. This results in Clausius like dependence of stochastic entropy\nproduction (EP) for macrospins, and an excess EP for diffusion of particles on\nsphere. The total EP in both the cases obey fluctuation theorems. For\nmacrospins, we derive analytical expression for probability distribution of\ntotal EP in the adiabatic limit. Numerical simulations show that the\ndistribution functions of EP agree well with theoretical predictions.",
        "positive": "Scaling functions for systems with finite range of interaction: We present a numerical determination of the scaling functions of the\nmagnetization, the suscep- tibility, and the Binders cumulant, for two\nnonequilibrium model systems with varying range of interactions. We consider\nMonte Carlo simulations of the block voter model (BVM) on square lat- tices and\nof the majority-vote model (MVM) on random graphs. In both cases, the\nsatisfactory data collapse obtained for several system sizes and interaction\nranges, supports the hypothesis that these functions are universal. Our\nanalysis yields an accurate estimation of the long-range exponents, which\ngovern the decay of the critical amplitudes with the range of interaction, and\nis consistent with the assumption that the static exponents are Ising-like for\nthe BVM and classical for the MVM."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On apparent breaking the second law of thermodynamics in quantum\n  transport studies: We consider a model for stationary electronic transport through a\none-dimensional chain of two leads attached to a perturbed central region\n(quantum dot) in the regime where the theory proposed recently by Capek for a\nsimilar model of phonon transport predicts the striking phenomenon of a\npermanent current between the leads. This result based on a rigorous but\nasymptotic Davies theory is at variance with the zero current yielded by direct\ntransport calculations which can be carried out in the present model. We find\nthe permanent current to be within the error of the asymptotic expansion for\nfinite couplings, and identify cancelling terms of the same order.",
        "positive": "Extension of Bogoliubov theory to quasi-condensates: We present an extension of the well-known Bogoliubov theory to treat low\ndimensional degenerate Bose gases in the limit of weak interactions and low\ndensity fluctuations. We use a density-phase representation and show that a\nprecise definition of the phase operator requires a space discretisation in\ncells of size $l$. We perform a systematic expansion of the Hamiltonian in\nterms of two small parameters, the relative density fluctuations inside a cell\nand the phase change over a cell. The resulting macroscopic observables can be\ncomputed in one, two and three dimensions with no ultraviolet or infrared\ndivergence. Furthermore this approach exactly matches Bogoliubov's approach\nwhen there is a true condensate. We give the resulting expressions for the\nequation of state of the gas, the ground state energy, the first order and\nsecond order correlations functions of the field. Explicit calculations are\ndone for homogeneous systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Breakdown of fluctuation-dissipation relations in granular gases: A numerical molecular dynamics experiment measuring the two-time correlation\nfunction of the transversal velocity field in the homogeneous cooling state of\na granular gas is reported. By measuring the decay rate and the amplitude of\nthe correlations, the accuracy of the Landau-Langevin equation of fluctuating\nhydrodynamics is checked. The results indicate that although a Langevin\napproach can be valid, the fluctuation-dissipation relation must be modified,\nsince the viscosity parameter appearing in it differs from the usual\nhydrodynamic shear viscosity.",
        "positive": "Noise-aware neural network for stochastic dynamics simulation: In the presence of system-environment coupling, classical complex systems\nundergo stochastic dynamics, where rich phenomena can emerge at large\nspatio-temporal scales. To investigate these phenomena, numerical approaches\nfor simulating stochastic dynamics are indispensable and can be computationally\nexpensive. In light of the recent fast development in machine learning\ntechniques, here, we establish a generic machine learning approach to simulate\nthe stochastic dynamics, dubbed the noise-aware neural network (NANN). One key\nfeature of this approach is its ability to generate the long-time stochastic\ndynamics of complex large-scale systems by just training NANN with the one-step\ndynamics of smaller-scale systems, thus reducing the computational cost.\nFurthermore, this NANN based approach is quite generic. Case-by-case special\ndesign of the architecture of NANN is not necessary when it is employed to\ninvestigate different stochastic complex systems. Using the noisy Kuramoto\nmodel and the Vicsek model as concrete examples, we demonstrate its capability\nin simulating stochastic dynamics. We believe that this novel machine learning\napproach can be a useful tool in investigating the large spatio-temporal\nscaling behavior of complex systems subjected to the influences of the\nenvironmental noise."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonequivalence of ensembles in the Curie-Weiss anisotropic quantum\n  Heisenberg model: The microcanonical entropy s(e,m) as a function of the energy e and the\nmagnetization m is computed analytically for the anisotropic quantum Heisenberg\nmodel with Curie-Weiss-type interactions. The result shows a number of\ninteresting properties which are peculiar to long-range interacting systems,\nincluding nonequivalence of ensembles and partial equivalence. Furthermore,\nfrom the shape of the entropy it follows that the Curie-Weiss Heisenberg model\nis indistinguishable from the Curie-Weiss Ising model in canonical\nthermodynamics, although their microcanonical thermodynamics in general\ndiffers. The possibility of experimentally realizing quantum spin models with\nlong-range interactions in a microcanonical setting by means of cold dipolar\ngases in optical lattices is discussed.",
        "positive": "A Volterra-series approach to stochastic nonlinear dynamics: The Duffing\n  oscillator driven by white noise: The Duffing oscillator is a paradigm of bistable oscillatory motion in\nphysics, engineering, and biology. Time series of such oscillations are often\nobserved experimentally in a nonlinear system excited by a spontaneously\nfluctuating force. One is then interested in estimating effective parameter\nvalues of the stochastic Duffing model from these observations--a task that has\nnot yielded to simple means of analysis. To this end we derive theoretical\nformulas for the statistics of the Duffing oscillator's time series. Expanding\non our analytical results, we introduce methods of statistical inference for\nthe parameter values of the stochastic Duffing model. By applying our method to\ntime series from stochastic simulations, we accurately reconstruct the\nunderlying Duffing oscillator. This approach is quite straightforward--similar\ntechniques are used with linear Langevin models--and can be applied to time\nseries of bistable oscillations that are frequently observed in experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modelling sublimation and atomic layer epitaxy in the presence of\n  competing surface reconstructions: We present a solid-on-solid model of a binary AB compound, where atoms of\ntype A in the topmost layer interact via anisotropic interactions different\nfrom those inside the bulk. Depending on temperature and particle flux, this\nmodel displays surface reconstructions similar to those of (001) surfaces of\nII-VI semiconductors. We show, that our model qualitatively reproduces mamy of\nthe characteristic features of these materials which have been observed during\nsublimation and atomic layer epitaxy. We predict some previously unknown\neffects which might be observed experimentally.",
        "positive": "Reply to M. Campisi [arXiv: 1310.5556]: In response to M. Campisi's comment [arXiv: 1310.5556] on our recent work\n[Phys. Rev. E 88, 042126 (2013)], we first point out that the distribution used\nby Campisi is not the correct escort distribution and further provide arguments\nshowing that the distributions obtained from the finite bath scenario are not\nTsallis distributions assuming the ergodicity of the total system. We also\ncomment on the role of evidence mentioned by M. Campisi."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hierarchical Onsager symmetries in adiabatically driven linear\n  irreversible heat engines: In existing linear response theories for adiabatically driven cyclic heat\nengines, Onsager symmetry is identified only phenomenologically, and a relation\nbetween global and local Onsager coefficients, defined over one cycle and at\nany instant of a cycle, respectively, is not derived. To address this\nlimitation, we develop a linear response theory for the speed of adiabatically\nchanging parameters and temperature differences in generic Gaussian heat\nengines obeying Fokker--Planck dynamics. We establish a hierarchical\nrelationship between the global linear response relations, defined over one\ncycle of the heat engines, and the local ones, defined at any instant of the\ncycle. This yields a detailed expression for the global Onsager coefficients in\nterms of the local Onsager coefficients. Moreover, we derive an efficiency\nbound, which is tighter than the Carnot bound, for adiabatically driven linear\nirreversible heat engines based on the detailed global Onsager coefficients.\nFinally, we demonstrate the application of the theory using the simplest\nstochastic Brownian heat engine model.",
        "positive": "Unified phonon-based approach to the thermodynamics of solid, liquid and\n  gas states: We introduce a unified approach to states of matter (solid, liquid and gas)\nand describe the thermodynamics of the pressure-temperature phase diagram in\nterms of phonon excitations. We derive the effective Hamiltonian with\nlow-energy cutoff in two transverse phonon polarizations (phononic band gaps)\nby breaking the symmetry in phonon interactions. Further, we construct the\nstatistical mechanics of states of aggregation employing the Debye\napproximation. The introduced formalism covers the Debye theory of solids, the\nphonon theory of liquids, and thermodynamic limits such as the Dulong-Petit\nthermodynamic limit, the ideal gas limit and the new thermodynamic limit,\ndubbed here the Frenkel line thermodynamic limit. We discuss the phonon\npropagation and localization effects in liquids above and below the Frenkel\nline, and explain the \"fast sound\" phenomenon. As a test for our theory we\ncalculate velocity-velocity autocorrelation and pair distribution functions\nwithin the Green-Kubo formalism. We show the consistency between dynamics of\nphonons and pair correlations in the framework of the unified approach. New\ndirections towards advancements in phononic band gaps engineering, hypersound\nmanipulation technologies and exploration of exotic behaviour of fluids\nrelevant to geo- and planetary sciences are discussed. The presented results\nare equally important both for practical implications and for fundamental\nresearch."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of a one-dimensional self-gravitating gas with periodic\n  boundary conditions: We study the thermodynamical properties of a one-dimensional gas with\none-dimensional gravitational interactions, and placed in a uniform mass\nbackground. Periodic boundary conditions are implemented as a modification of\nthe potential consisting of a sum over mirror images (Ewald sum), regularized\nwith an exponential cut-off. The system has a phase transition at a critical\ntemperature. Above the critical temperature the gas density is uniform, while\nbelow the critical point the system becomes inhomogeneous. Numerical\nsimulations of the model confirms the existence of the phase transition, and\nare in good agreement with the theoretical results.",
        "positive": "Study of first-order interface localization-delocalization transition in\n  thin Ising-films using Wang-Landau sampling: Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we study the interface localization-\ndelocalization transition of a thin Ising film with antisymmetric competing\nwalls for a set of parameters where the transition is strongly first-order.\nThis is achieved by estimating the density of states (DOS) of the model by\nmeans of Wang-Landau sampling (WLS) in the space of energy, using both,\nsingle-spin-flip as well as N-fold way updates. From the DOS we calculate\ncanonical averages related to the configurational energy, like the internal\nenergy, the specific heat, as well as the free energy and the entropy. By\nsampling microcanonical averages during simulations we also compute\nthermodynamic quantities related to magnetization like the reduced fourth order\ncumulant of the order parameter. We estimate the triple temperatures of\ninfinitely large systems for three different film thicknesses via finite size\nscaling of the positions of the maxima of the specific heat, the minima of the\ncumulant and the equal weight criterion for the energy probability\ndistribution. The wetting temperature of the semi-infinite system is computed\nwith help of the Young equation. In the limit of large film thicknesses the\ntriple temperatures are seen to converge towards the wetting temperature of the\ncorresponding semi-infinite Ising model in accordance with standard capillary\nwave theory. We discuss the slowing down of WLS in energy space as observed for\nthe larger film thicknesses and lateral linear dimensions. In case of WLS in\nthe space of total magnetization we find evidence that the slowing down is\nreduced and can be attributed to persisting free energy barriers due to shape\ntransitions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Breaking of ensemble equivalence in networks: It is generally believed that, in the thermodynamic limit, the microcanonical\ndescription as a function of energy coincides with the canonical description as\na function of temperature. However, various examples of systems for which the\nmicrocanonical and canonical ensembles are not equivalent have been identified.\nA complete theory of this intriguing phenomenon is still missing. Here we show\nthat ensemble nonequivalence can manifest itself also in random graphs with\ntopological constraints. We find that, while graphs with a given number of\nlinks are ensemble-equivalent, graphs with a given degree sequence are not.\nThis result holds irrespective of whether the energy is nonadditive (as in\nunipartite graphs) or additive (as in bipartite graphs). In contrast with\nprevious expectations, our results show that: (1) physically, nonequivalence\ncan be induced by an extensive number of local constraints, and not necessarily\nby long-range interactions or nonadditivity; (2) mathematically, nonquivalence\nis determined by a different large-deviation behaviour of microcanonical and\ncanonical probabilities for a single microstate, and not necessarily for almost\nall microstates. The latter criterion, which is entirely local, is not\nrestricted to networks and holds in general.",
        "positive": "Macroscopic Expression Connecting the Rate of Energy Dissipation and\n  Violation of the Fluctuation-Response Relation: A direct connection between the magnitude of the violation of the\nfluctuation-response relation (FRR) and the rate of energy dissipation is\npresented in terms of field variables of nonequilibrium systems. Here, we\nconsider the density field of a colloidal suspension either in a relaxation\nprocess or in a nonequilibrium steady state driven by an external field. Using\na path-integral representation of the temporal evolution of the density field,\nwe find an equality that relates the magnitude of the violation of the FRR for\nscalar and vector potentials of the velocity field to the rate of energy\ndissipation for the entire system. Our result demonstrates that the violation\nof the FRR for field variables captures the entropic component of the\ndissipated free energy."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dependence of boundary lubrication on the misfit angle between the\n  sliding surfaces: Using molecular dynamics based on Langevin equations with a coordinate- and\nvelocity-dependent damping coefficient, we study the frictional properties of a\nthin layer of \"soft\" lubricant (where the interaction within the lubricant is\nweaker than the lubricant-substrate interaction) confined between two solids.\nAt low driving velocities the system demonstrates stick-slip motion. The\nlubricant may or may not be melted during sliding, thus exhibiting either the\n\"liquid sliding\" (LS) or the \"layer over layer sliding\" (LoLS) regimes. The\nLoLS regime mainly operates at low sliding velocities. We investigate the\ndependence of friction properties on the misfit angle between the sliding\nsurfaces and calculate the distribution of static frictional thresholds for a\ncontact of polycrystalline surfaces.",
        "positive": "Typicality of thermal equilibrium and thermalization in isolated\n  macroscopic quantum systems: Based on the view that thermal equilibrium should be characterized through\nmacroscopic observations, we develop a general theory about typicality of\nthermal equilibrium and the approach to thermal equilibrium in macroscopic\nquantum systems. We first formulate the notion that a pure state in an isolated\nquantum system represents thermal equilibrium. Then by assuming, or proving in\ncertain classes of nontrivial models (including that of two bodies in thermal\ncontact), large-deviation type bounds (which we call thermodynamic bounds) for\nthe microcanonical ensemble, we prove that to represent thermal equilibrium is\na typical property for pure states in the microcanonical energy shell. We\nbelieve that the typicality, along with the empirical success of statistical\nmechanics, provides a sound justification of equilibrium statistical mechanics.\nWe also establish the approach to thermal equilibrium under two different\nassumptions; one is that the initial state has a moderate energy distribution,\nand the other is the energy eigenstate thermalization hypothesis."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalization of exactly-solvable model to exhibit solid-fluid phase\n  transition in crystal structures with two particles in a primitive cell: In our previous paper [H. K., J.Stat.Mech.(2015) P08020], we investigated an\ninteracting-particle model with infinite-range cosine potentials, and derived\nthe partition function which shows solid-fluid phase transition by exact\ncalculation. However, we could treat only simple lattice structures in which\nmore than one stable point exist in a primitive cell such as the triangular or\nface-centered cubic lattice. In the present paper, we generalize our previous\nscheme to more complicated lattice structures with two particles in a primitive\ncell. Generalization to more complicated lattice structures is straightforward.",
        "positive": "Segregation of an intruder in a heated granular dense gas: A recent segregation criterion [V. Garz\\'o, Phys. Rev. E \\textbf{78},\n020301(R) (2008)] based on the thermal diffusion factor $\\Lambda$ of an\nintruder in a heated granular gas described by the inelastic Enskog equation is\nrevisited. The sign of $\\Lambda$ provides a criterion for the transition\nbetween the Brazil-nut effect (BNE) and the reverse Brazil-nut effect (RBNE).\nThe present theory incorporates two extra ingredients not accounted for by the\nprevious theoretical attempt. First, the theory is based upon the second Sonine\napproximation to the transport coefficients of the mass flux of intruder.\nSecond, the dependence of the temperature ratio (intruder temperature over that\nof the host granular gas) on the solid volume fraction is taken into account in\nthe first and second Sonine approximations. In order to check the accuracy of\nthe Sonine approximation considered, the Enskog equation is also numerically\nsolved by means of the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method to get the\nkinetic diffusion coefficient $D_0$. The comparison between theory and\nsimulation shows that the second Sonine approximation to $D_0$ yields an\nimprovement over the first Sonine approximation when the intruder is lighter\nthan the gas particles in the range of large inelasticity. With respect to the\nform of the phase diagrams for the BNE/RBNE transition, the kinetic theory\nresults for the factor $\\Lambda$ indicate that while the form of these diagrams\ndepends sensitively on the order of the Sonine approximation considered when\ngravity is absent, no significant differences between both Sonine solutions\nappear in the opposite limit (gravity dominates the thermal gradient). In the\nformer case (no gravity), the first Sonine approximation overestimates both the\nRBNE region and the influence of dissipation on thermal diffusion segregation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Crossover from directed percolation to mean field behavior in the\n  diffusive contact process: Recently Dantas, Oliveira and Stilck [J. Stat. Mech. (2007) P08009] studied\nhow the one-dimensional diffusive contact process crosses over from the\ncritical behavior of directed percolation to an effective mean field behaviour\nwhen the diffusion rate is sent to infinity. They showed that this crossover\ncan be described in terms of a crossover exponent $\\phi$, finding the\nboundaries 3 <= $\\phi$ <= 4 in one spatial dimension. In the present work we\nrefine and extend this result up to four spatial dimensions by a\nfield-theoretic calculation and extensive numerical simulations.",
        "positive": "Effects of the self-propulsion parity on the efficiency of a\n  fuel-consuming active heat engine: We propose a thermodynamically consistent, analytically tractable model of\nsteady-state active heat engines driven by both temperature difference and a\nconstant chemical driving. While the engine follows the dynamics of the Active\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck Particle, its self-propulsion stems from the mechanochemical\ncoupling with the fuel consumption dynamics, allowing for both even- and\nodd-parity self-propulsion forces. Using the standard methods of stochastic\nthermodynamics, we show that the entropy production of the engine satisfies the\nconventional Clausius relation, based on which we define the efficiency of the\nmodel that is bounded from above by the second law of thermodynamics. Using\nthis framework, we obtain exact expressions for the efficiency at maximum\npower. The results show that the engine performance has a nonmonotonic\ndependence on the magnitude of the chemical driving, and that the even-parity\n(odd-parity) engines perform better when the size of the engine is smaller\n(larger) than the persistence length of the active particle. We also discuss\nthe existence of a tighter upper bound on the efficiency of the odd-parity\nengines stemming from the detailed structure of the entropy production."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On exact overlaps in integrable spin chains: We develop a new method to compute the exact overlaps between integrable\nboundary states and on-shell Bethe states for integrable spin chains. Our\nmethod is based on the coordinate Bethe Ansatz and does not rely on the\n\"rotation trick\" of the corresponding lattice model. It leads to a rigorous\nproof of the factorized overlap formulas in a number of cases, some of which\nwere inaccessible to earlier methods. As concrete examples, we consider the\ncompact XXX and XXZ Heisenberg spin chains, and the non-compact\n$SL(2,\\mathbb{R})$ spin chain.",
        "positive": "Susceptibilities and Correlation Functions of the Anisotropic Spherical\n  Model: The static transverse and longitudinal correlation functions (CF) of a\n3-dimensional ferromagnet are calculated for the exactly solvable anisotropic\nspherical model (ASM) determined as the limit D \\to \\infty of the classical\nD-component vector model. The results are nonequivalent to those for the\nstandard spherical model of Berlin and Kac even in the isotropic case. Whereas\nthe transverse CF has the usual Ornstein-Zernike form for small wave vectors,\nthe longitudinal CF shows a nontrivial behavior in the ordered region caused by\nspin-wave fluctuations. In particular, in the isotropic case below T_c one has\nS_{zz}(k) \\propto 1/k (the result of the spin-wave theory) for k \\lsim \\kappa_m\n\\propto T_c-T."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy Production gives rise to Upper- and Lower-Bounds to Efficiency\n  and COP of Cycles: From thermodynamics point of view, in this era of aiming at energy\nconservation and sustainability, we need to develop more accurate ways to\ndesign thermal power, cooling and heat pump cycles. It has been the general\npractice in thermodynamic analysis of cycles to use the Carnot efficiency and\nCarnot coefficient of performance which are the highest upper bound to\nefficiency and COP of cycles. In the present report through the application of\nthe second law of thermodynamics for irreversible processes, which results in\nthe general inequality relation for the entropy production, we have introduce\nnew upper- and lower-bounds to the efficiency of thermal power cycles and COP\nof cooling and heat pump cycles. The resulting upper- and lower-bounds are\ncloser to the actual efficiency and COP of cycles. That allows us a more\nprecise design of cycles and the choice of cycles working fluids.",
        "positive": "Energy nonequipartition in a sheared granular mixture: The kinetic granular temperatures of a binary granular mixture in simple\nshear flow are determined from the Boltzmann kinetic theory by using a Sonine\npolynomial expansion. The results show that the temperature ratio is clearly\ndifferent from unity (as may be expected since the system is out of\nequilibrium) and strongly depends on the restitution coefficients as well as on\nthe parameters of the mixture. The approximate analytical calculations are\ncompared with those obtained from Monte Carlo simulations of the Boltzmann\nequation showing an excellent agreement over the range of parameters\ninvestigated. Finally, the influence of the temperature differences on the\nrheological properties is also discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spacing distribution functions for the one-dimensional point-island\n  model with irreversible attachment: We study the configurational structure of the point-island model for\nepitaxial growth in one dimension. In particular, we calculate the island gap\nand capture zone distributions. Our model is based on an approximate\ndescription of nucleation inside the gaps. Nucleation is described by the joint\nprobability density $p^{XY}_{n}(x,y)$, which represents the probability density\nto have nucleation at position $x$ within a gap of size $y$. Our proposed\nfunctional form for $p^{XY}_{n}(x,y)$ describes excellently the statistical\nbehavior of the system. We compare our analytical model with extensive\nnumerical simulations. Our model retains the most relevant physical properties\nof the system.",
        "positive": "A note on the Guerra and Talagrand theorems for Mean Field Spin Glasses:\n  the simple case of spherical models: The aim of this paper is to discuss the main ideas of the Talagrand proof of\nthe Parisi Ansatz for the free-energy of Mean Field Spin Glasses with a\nphysicist's approach. We consider the case of the spherical $p$-spin model,\nwhich has the following advantages: 1) the Parisi Ansatz takes the simple ``one\nstep replica symmetry breaking form'', 2) the replica free-energy as a function\nof the order parameters is simple enough to allow for numerical maximization\nwith arbitrary precision. We present the essential ideas of the proof, we\nstress its connections with the theory of effective potentials for glassy\nsystems, and we reduce the technically more difficult part of the Talagrand's\nanalysis to an explicit evaluation of the solution of a variational problem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A pathway to multivariate Gaussian density: A general principle called \"conservation of the ellipsoid of concentration\"\nis introduced and a generalized entropic form of order 'alpha' is optimized\nunder this principle. It is shown that this can produce a density which can act\nas a pathway to multivariate Gaussian density. The resulting entropic pathway\ncontains as special cases the Boltzmann-Gibbs (Shannon) and Tsallis\n(Havrda-Charvat) entropic forms.",
        "positive": "Stochastic and deterministic dynamics in networks with excitable nodes: The analysis of the dynamics of a large class of excitable systems on locally\ntree-like networks leads to the conclusion that at $\\lambda=1$ a continuous\nphase transition takes place, where $\\lambda$ is the largest eigenvalue of the\nadjacency matrix of the network. This paper is devoted to evaluate this claim\nfor a more general case where the assumption of the linearity of the dynamical\ntransfer function is violated with a non-linearity parameter $\\beta$ which\ninterpolates between stochastic ($\\beta=0$) and deterministic\n($\\beta\\rightarrow\\infty$) dynamics. Our model shows a rich phase diagram with\nan absorbing state and extended critical and oscillatory regimes separated by\ntransition and bifurcation lines which depend on the initial state. We test\ninitial states with ($\\mathbb{I}$) only one initial excited node,\n($\\mathbb{II}$) a fixed fraction ($10\\%$) of excited nodes, for all of which\nthe transition is of first order for $\\beta>0$ with a hysteresis effect and a\ngap function. For the case ($\\mathbb{I}$) in the thermodynamic limit the\nabsorbing state in the only phase for all $\\lambda$ values and $\\beta>0$. We\nfurther develop mean-field theories for cases ($\\mathbb{I}$) and\n($\\mathbb{II}$). For case ($\\mathbb{II}$) we obtain an analytic one-dimensional\nmap which explains the essential properties of the model, including the\nhysteresis diagrams and fixed points of the dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Termodin\u00e1mica de un gas magnetizado de bosones vectoriales neutros: This thesis is dedicated to study the thermodynamic properties of a\nmagnetized neutral vector boson gas at any temperature, with the aim to provide\nequations of state that allow more general and precise descriptions of\nastrophysical phenomena. The all temperature analytical expressions for the\nthermodynamic magnitudes, as well as their non relativistic limits, are\nobtained starting from the energy spectrum given by Proca's theory. With these\nexpressions, and considering the system under astrophysical conditions\n(particle densities, temperatures and magnetic fields in the order of the\nestimated for Neutron Stars), we investigate the Bose Einstein condensation,\nthe magnetic properties and the equations of state of the gas, making a special\nemphasis on the influence of antiparticles and magnetic field. In all cases,\nthe results are compared with their analogues in the low temperature and the\nnon relativistic limits. This allows us to establish the ranges of validity of\nthese approximations and to achieve a better understanding of their effects on\nthe studied system.",
        "positive": "Thermal equilibration in a one-dimensional damped harmonic crystal: The features for the unsteady process of thermal equilibration (\"the fast\nmotions\") in a one-dimensional harmonic crystal lying in a viscous environment\n(e.g., a gas) are under investigation. It is assumed that initially the\ndisplacements of all the particles are zero and the particle velocities are\nrandom quantities with zero mean and a constant variance, thus, the system is\nfar away from the thermal equilibrium. It is known that in the framework of the\ncorresponding conservative problem the kinetic and potential energies oscillate\nand approach the equilibrium value that equals a half of the initial value of\nthe kinetic energy. We show that the presence of the external damping\nqualitatively changes the features of this process. The unsteady process\ngenerally has two stages. At the first stage oscillations of kinetic and\npotential energies with decreasing amplitude, subjected to exponential decay,\ncan be observed (this stage exists only in the underdamped case). At the second\nstage (which always exists), the oscillations vanish, and the energies are\nsubjected to a power decay. The large-time asymptotics for the energy is\nproportional to $t^{-3/2}$ in the case of the potential energy and to\n$t^{-5/2}$ in the case the kinetic energy. Hence, at large values of time the\ntotal energy of the crystal is mostly the potential energy. The obtained\nanalytic results are verified by independent numerical calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Analytical calculations of the Quantum Tsallis thermodynamic variables: In this article, we provide an account of analytical results related to the\nTsallis thermodynamics that have been the subject matter of a lot of studies in\nthe field of high-energy collisions. After reviewing the results for the\nclassical case in the massless limit and for arbitrarily massive classical\nparticles, we compute the quantum thermodynamic variables. For the first time,\nthe analytical formula for the pressure of a Tsallis-like gas of massive bosons\nhas been obtained. Hence, this article serves both as a brief review of the\nknowledge gathered in this area, and as an original research that forwards the\nexisting scholarship. The results of the present paper will be important in a\nplethora of studies in the field of high-energy collisions including the\npropagation of non-linear waves generated by the traversal of high-energy\nparticles inside the quark-gluon plasma medium showing the features of\nnon-extensivity.",
        "positive": "Long-run behavior of games with many players: We discuss similarities and differencies between systems of many interacting\nplayers maximizing their individual payoffs and particles minimizing their\ninteraction energy. We analyze long-run behavior of stochastic dynamics of many\ninteracting agents in spatial and adaptive population games. We review results\nconcerning the effect of the number of players and the noise level on the\nstochastic stability of Nash equilibria. In particular, we present examples of\ngames in which when the number of players or the noise level increases, a\npopulation undergoes a transition between its equilibria."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Behavior of pressure and viscosity at high densities for two-dimensional\n  hard and soft granular materials: The pressure and the viscosity in two-dimensional sheared granular assemblies\nare investigated numerically. The behavior of both pressure and viscosity is\nsmoothly changing qualitatively when starting from a mono-disperse hard-disk\nsystem without dissipation and moving towards a system of (i) poly-disperse,\n(ii) soft particles with (iii) considerable dissipation.\n  In the rigid, elastic limit of mono-disperse systems, the viscosity is\napproximately inverse proportional to the area fraction difference from\n$\\phi_{\\eta} \\simeq 0.7$, but the pressure is still finite at $\\phi_{\\eta}$. In\nmoderately soft, dissipative and poly-disperse systems, on the other hand, we\nconfirm the recent theoretical prediction that both scaled pressure (divided by\nthe kinetic temperature $T$) and scaled viscosity (divided by $\\sqrt{T}$)\ndiverge at the same density, i.e., the jamming transition point $\\phi_J >\n\\phi_\\eta$, with the exponents -2 and -3, respectively. Furthermore, we observe\nthat the critical region of the jamming transition becomes invisible as the\nrestitution coefficient approaches unity, i.e. for vanishing dissipation.\n  In order to understand the conflict between these two different predictions\non the divergence of the pressure and the viscosity, the transition from soft\nto hard particles is studied in detail and the dimensionless control parameters\nare defined as ratios of various time-scales. We introduce a dimensionless\nnumber, i.e. the ratio of dissipation rate and shear rate, that can identify\nthe crossover from the scaling of very hard, i.e. rigid disks to the scaling in\nthe soft, jamming regime.",
        "positive": "Billion-atom Synchronous Parallel Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations of\n  Critical 3D Ising Systems: An extension of the synchronous parallel kinetic Monte Carlo (pkMC) algorithm\ndeveloped by Martinez {\\it et al} [{\\it J.\\ Comp.\\ Phys.} {\\bf 227} (2008)\n3804] to discrete lattices is presented. The method solves the master equation\nsynchronously by recourse to null events that keep all processors time clocks\ncurrent in a global sense. Boundary conflicts are rigorously solved by adopting\na chessboard decomposition into non-interacting sublattices. We find that the\nbias introduced by the spatial correlations attendant to the sublattice\ndecomposition is within the standard deviation of the serial method, which\nconfirms the statistical validity of the method. We have assessed the parallel\nefficiency of the method and find that our algorithm scales consistently with\nproblem size and sublattice partition. We apply the method to the calculation\nof scale-dependent critical exponents in billion-atom 3D Ising systems, with\nvery good agreement with state-of-the-art multispin simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Criticality and entanglement in non-unitary quantum circuits and tensor\n  networks of non-interacting fermions: Models for non-unitary quantum dynamics, such as quantum circuits that\ninclude projective measurements, have been shown to exhibit rich quantum\ncritical behavior. There are many complementary perspectives on this behavior.\nFor example, there is a known correspondence between d-dimensional local\nnon-unitary quantum circuits and tensor networks on a D=(d+1)-dimensional\nlattice. Here, we show that in the case of systems of non-interacting fermions,\nthere is furthermore a full correspondence between non-unitary circuits in d\nspatial dimensions and unitary non-interacting fermion problems with static\nHermitian Hamiltonians in D=(d+1) spatial dimensions. This provides a powerful\nnew perspective for understanding entanglement phases and critical behavior\nexhibited by non-interacting circuits. Classifying the symmetries of the\ncorresponding non-interacting Hamiltonian, we show that a large class of random\ncircuits, including the most generic circuits with randomness in space and\ntime, are in correspondence with Hamiltonians with static spatial disorder in\nthe ten Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry classes. We find the criticality that is\nknown to occur in all of these classes to be the origin of the critical\nentanglement properties of the corresponding random non-unitary circuit. To\nexemplify this, we numerically study the quantum states at the boundary of\nHaar-random Gaussian fermionic tensor networks of dimension D=2 and D=3. We\nshow that the most general such tensor network ensemble corresponds to a\nunitary problem of non-interacting fermions with static disorder in\nAltland-Zirnbauer symmetry class DIII, which for both D=2 and D=3 is known to\nexhibit a stable critical metallic phase. Tensor networks and corresponding\nrandom non-unitary circuits in the other nine Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry\nclasses can be obtained from the DIII case by implementing Clifford algebra\nextensions for classifying spaces.",
        "positive": "Eigenvalue statistics of the real Ginibre ensemble: The real Ginibre ensemble consists of random $N \\times N$ matrices formed\nfrom i.i.d. standard Gaussian entries. By using the method of skew orthogonal\npolynomials, the general $n$-point correlations for the real eigenvalues, and\nfor the complex eigenvalues, are given as $n \\times n$ Pfaffians with explicit\nentries. A computationally tractable formula for the cumulative probability\ndensity of the largest real eigenvalue is presented. This is relevant to May's\nstability analysis of biological webs."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Susceptibility Amplitude Ratios Near a Lifshitz Point: The susceptibility amplitude ratio in the neighborhood of a uniaxial Lifshitz\npoint is calculated at one-loop level using field-theoretic and\n$\\epsilon_{L}$-expansion methods. We use the Schwinger parametrization of the\npropagator in order to split the quadratic and quartic part of the momenta, as\nwell as a new special symmetry point suitable for renormalization purposes. For\na cubic lattice (d = 3), we find the result $\\frac{C_{+}}{C_{-}} = 3.85$.",
        "positive": "Emergence of a finite-size-scaling function in the supervised learning\n  of the Ising phase transition: We investigate the connection between the supervised learning of the binary\nphase classification in the ferromagnetic Ising model and the standard\nfinite-size-scaling theory of the second-order phase transition. Proposing a\nminimal one-free-parameter neural network model, we analytically formulate the\nsupervised learning problem for the canonical ensemble being used as a training\ndata set. We show that just one free parameter is capable enough to describe\nthe data-driven emergence of the universal finite-size-scaling function in the\nnetwork output that is observed in a large neural network, theoretically\nvalidating its critical point prediction for unseen test data from different\nunderlying lattices yet in the same universality class of the Ising\ncriticality. We also numerically demonstrate the interpretation with the\nproposed one-parameter model by providing an example of finding a critical\npoint with the learning of the Landau mean-field free energy being applied to\nthe real data set from the uncorrelated random scale-free graph with a large\ndegree exponent."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Echo states for detailed fluctuation theorems: Detailed fluctuation theorems are statements about the probability\ndistribution for the stochastic entropy production along a trajectory. It\ninvolves the consideration of a suitably transformed dynamics, such as the time\nreversed, the adjoint, or a combination of these. We identify specific,\ntypically unique, initial conditions, called echo states, for which the final\nprobability distribution of the transformed dynamics reproduces the initial\ndistribution. In this case the detailed fluctuation theorems relate the\nstochastic entropy production of the direct process to that of the transformed\none. We illustrate our results by an explicit analytical calculation and\nnumerical simulations for a modulated two-state quantum dot.",
        "positive": "Gap-Size Distribution Functions of a Random Sequential Adsorption Model\n  of Segments on the Line: We performed extensive simulations accompanied by a detailed study of a\ntwo-segment size random sequential model on the line. We followed the kinetics\ntowards the jamming state, but we paid particular attention to the\ncharacterization of the jamming state structure. In particular, we studied the\neffect of the size ratio on the mean-gap size, the gap-size dispersion,\ngap-size skewness, and gap-size kurtosis at the jamming state. We also analyzed\nthe above quantities for the four possible segment-to-segment gap types. We\nranged the values of the size ratio from one to twenty. In the limit of a size\nratio of one, one recovers the classical car-parking problem. We observed that\nat low size ratios the jamming state is constituted by short streaks of small\nand large segments, while at high values of the size ratio the jamming state\nstructure is formed by long streaks of small segments separated by a single\nlarge segment. This view of the jamming state structure as a function of the\nsize ratio is supported by the various measured quantities. The present work\ncan help provide insight, for example, on how to minimize the interparticle\ndistance or minimize fluctuations around the mean particle-to-particle\ndistance."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Biased Monte Carlo Scheme for Zeolite Structure Solution: We describe a new, biased Monte Carlo scheme to determine the crystal\nstructures of zeolites from powder diffraction data. We test the method on all\npublicly known zeolite materials, with success in all cases. We show that the\nmethod of parallel tempering is a powerful supplement to the biased Monte\nCarlo.",
        "positive": "Scaling function for the noisy Burgers equation in the soliton\n  approximation: We derive the scaling function for the one dimensional noisy Burgers equation\nin the two-soliton approximation within the weak noise canonical phase space\napproach. The result is in agreement with an earlier heuristic expression and\nexhibits the correct scaling properties. The calculation presents the first\nstep in a many body treatment of the correlations in the Burgers equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Characterizing correlations of flow oscillations at bottlenecks: \"Oscillations\" occur in quite different kinds of many-particle-systems when\ntwo groups of particles with different directions of motion meet or intersect\nat a certain spot. We present a model of pedestrian motion that is able to\nreproduce oscillations with different characteristics. The Wald-Wolfowitz test\nand Gillis' correlated random walk are shown to hold observables that can be\nused to characterize different kinds of oscillations.",
        "positive": "Supersymmetry Theory of Disordered Heteropolymers: The effective motion equation that describes the different monomer\nalternation along the heteropolymer chain is proposed. On its basis the\nsupersymmetry field scheme that allows to obtain the equations for the\nstructure factor and Green function is built up. The memory and ergodicity\nbreaking effects are investigated depending on the temperature and quenched\ndisorder of the monomer alternation. The phase diagram that determines the\nexistence of the non-ergodic and freezing states is provided."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Behavior and Dynamics of Active Brownian Particles in an Alignment\n  Field: Self-propelled particles that are subject to noise are a well-established\ngeneric model system for active matter. A homogeneous alignment field can be\nused to orient the direction of the self-propulsion velocity and to model\nsystems like phoretic Janus particles with a magnetic dipole moment or\nmagnetotactic bacteria in an external magnetic field. Computer simulations are\nused to predict the phase behavior and dynamics of self-propelled Brownian\nparticles in a homogeneous alignment field in two dimensions. Phase boundaries\nof the gas-liquid coexistence region are calculated for various P\\'eclet\nnumbers, particle densities, and alignment field strengths. Critical points and\nexponents are calculated and, in agreement with previous simulations, do not\nseem to belong to the universality class of the 2D Ising model. Finally, the\ndynamics of spinodal decomposition for quenching the system from the one-phase\nto the two-phase coexistence region by increasing P\\'eclet number is\ncharacterized. Our results may help to identify parameters for optimal\ntransport of active matter in complex environments.",
        "positive": "Universality of fluctuations in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang class in high\n  dimensions and its upper critical dimension: We show that the theoretical machinery developed for the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n(KPZ) class in low dimensions are obeyed by the restricted solid-on-solid\n(RSOS) model for substrates with dimensions up to $d=6$. Analyzing different\nrestriction conditions, we show that height distributions of the interface are\nuniversal for all investigated dimensions. It means that fluctuations are not\nnegligible and, consequently, the system is still below the upper critical\ndimension at $d=6$. The extrapolation of the data to dimensions $d\\ge7$\npredicts that the upper critical dimension of the KPZ class is infinite."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamics of Fluid Mixtures in Nanospaces: A multicomponent extension of our recent theory of simple fluids [ U.M.B.\nMarconi and S. Melchionna, Journal of Chemical Physics, 131, 014105 (2009) ] is\nproposed to describe miscible and immiscible liquid mixtures under\ninhomogeneous, non steady conditions typical of confined fluid flows. We first\nderive from a microscopic level the evolution equations of the phase space\ndistribution function of each component in terms of a set of self consistent\nfields, representing both body forces and viscous forces (forces dependent on\nthe density distributions in the fluid and on the velocity distributions).\nSecondly, we solve numerically the resulting governing equations by means of\nthe Lattice Boltzmann method whose implementation contains novel features with\nrespect to existing approaches. Our model incorporates hydrodynamic flow,\ndiffusion, surface tension, and the possibility for global and local viscosity\nvariations. We validate our model by studying the bulk viscosity dependence of\nthe mixture on concentration, packing fraction and size ratio. Finally we\nconsider inhomogeneous systems and study the dynamics of mixtures in slits of\nmolecular thickness and relate structural and flow properties.",
        "positive": "Scale Invariance in the Nonstationarity of Physiological Signals: We introduce a segmentation algorithm to probe temporal organization of\nheterogeneities in human heartbeat interval time series. We find that the\nlengths of segments with different local values of heart rates follow a\npower-law distribution. This scale-invariant structure is not a simple\nconsequence of the long-range correlations present in the data. We also find\nthat the differences in mean heart rates between consecutive segments display a\ncommon functional form, but with different parameters for healthy individuals\nand for patients with heart failure. This finding may provide information into\nthe way heart rate variability is reduced in cardiac disease."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Debye-Onsager-Relaxation-Effect beyond linear Response and Antiscreening\n  in Plasma Systems: The quantum kinetic equation for charged particles in strong electric fields\nis derived and analyzed with respect to the particle flux. It is found that the\napplied electric field is screened nonlinearly. The relaxation field is\ncalculated completely quantum mechanically and up to any order in the applied\nfield. The classical limit is given in analytical form. In the range of weak\nfields the deformation of the screening cloud is responsible for the\nDebye-Onsager relaxation effect. The result beyond linear response presented\nhere allows to investigate a field regime where no screening cloud is present.\nThe descreening field is determined as a function of thermal energy density of\nthe plasma. For stronger fields the moving charge is accelerated by accumulated\nopposite charges in front of the particle. This can be understood in analogue\nto the accoustic Doppler effect. A critical field strength is presented up to\nwhich value a thermalized plasma is possible. The range of applicability of the\ntreatment is discussed with respect to applied field strength and space\ngradients.",
        "positive": "Macrostate equivalence of two general ensembles and specific relative\n  entropies: The two criteria of ensemble equivalence, i.e. the macrostate equivalence and\nthe measure equivalence, are investigated for a general pair of states. The\nmacrostate equivalence implies the two ensembles are indistinguishable by the\nmeasurement of macroscopic quantities obeying the large-deviation principle,\nand the measure equivalence means that the specific relative entropy of these\ntwo states vanishes in the thermodynamic limit. It is shown that the measure\nequivalence implies the macrostate equivalence for a general pair of states by\nderiving an inequality connecting the large-deviation rate functions to the\nspecific relative Renyi entropies. The result is applicable to both quantum and\nclassical systems. As applications, a sufficient condition for thermalization,\nthe timescale of quantum dynamics of macrovariables, and the second law with\nstrict irreversibility in a quantum quench are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ballistic-to-diffusive transition in spin chains with broken\n  integrability: We study the ballistic-to-diffusive transition induced by the weak breaking\nof integrability in a boundary-driven XXZ spin-chain. Studying the evolution of\nthe spin current density $\\mathcal J^s$ as a function of the system size $L$,\nwe show that, accounting for boundary effects, the transition has a non-trivial\nuniversal behavior close to the XX limit. It is controlled by the scattering\nlength $L^*\\propto V^{-2}$, where $V$ is the strength of the integrability\nbreaking term. In the XXZ model, the interplay of interactions controls the\nemergence of a transient \"quasi-ballistic\" regime at length scales much shorter\nthan $L^*$. This parametrically large regime is characterized by a strong\nrenormalization of the current which forbids a universal scaling, unlike the XX\nmodel. Our results are based on Matrix Product Operator numerical simulations\nand agree with perturbative analytical calculations.",
        "positive": "Current Distribution and random matrix ensembles for an integrable\n  asymmetric fragmentation process: We calculate the time-evolution of a discrete-time fragmentation process in\nwhich clusters of particles break up and reassemble and move stochastically\nwith size-dependent rates. In the continuous-time limit the process turns into\nthe totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (only pieces of size 1 break\noff a given cluster). We express the exact solution of master equation for the\nprocess in terms of a determinant which can be derived using the Bethe ansatz.\n  From this determinant we compute the distribution of the current across an\narbitrary bond which after appropriate scaling is given by the distribution of\nthe largest eigenvalue of the Gaussian unitary ensemble of random matrices.\nThis result confirms universality of the scaling form of the current\ndistribution in the KPZ universality class and suggests that there is a link\nbetween integrable particle systems and random matrix ensembles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relativistic Rational Extended Thermodynamics of Polyatomic Gases with a\n  New Hierarchy of Moments: A relativistic version of the rational extended thermodynamics of polyatomic\ngases based on a new hierarchy of moments that takes into account the total\nenergy composed by the rest energy and the energy of the molecular internal\nmode is proposed. The moment equations associated with the Boltzmann-Chernikov\nequation are derived, and the system for the first $15$ equations is closed by\nthe procedure of the maximum entropy principle and by using an appropriate BGK\nmodel for the collisional term. The entropy principle with a convex entropy\ndensity is proved in a neighborhood of equilibrium state, and, as a\nconsequence, the system is symmetric hyperbolic and the Cauchy problem is\nwell-posed. The ultra-relativistic and classical limits are also studied. The\ntheories with $14$ and $6$ moments are deduced as principal subsystems.\nParticularly interesting is the subsystem with $6$ fields in which the\ndissipation is only due to the dynamical pressure. This simplified model can be\nvery useful when bulk viscosity is dominant and might be important in\ncosmological problems. Using the Maxwellian iteration, we obtain the parabolic\nlimit, and the heat conductivity, shear viscosity, and bulk viscosity are\ndeduced and plotted.",
        "positive": "The Stochastic Nature of Complexity Evolution in the Fractional Systems: The stochastic scenario of relaxation in the complex systems is presented. It\nis based on a general probabilistic formalism of limit theorems. The\nnonexponential relaxation is shown to result from the asymptotic self-similar\nproperties in the temporal behavior of such systems. This model provides a\nrigorous justification of the energy criterion introduced by Jonscher. The\nmeaning of the parameters into the empirical response functions is clarified.\nThis treatment sheds a fresh light on the nature of not only the dielectric\nrelaxation but also mechanical, luminescent and radiochemical ones. In the case\nof the Cole-Cole response there exists a direct link between the notation of\nthe fractional derivative (appearing in the fractional macroscopic equation\noften proposed) and the model. But the macroscopic response equations, relating\nto the Cole-Davidson and Havriliak-Negami relaxations, have a more general\nintegro-differential form in comparison with the ordinary fractional one."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Freezing vs. equilibration dynamics in the Potts model: We study the quench dynamics of the $q$ Potts model on different\nbi/tri-dimensional lattice topologies. In particular we are interested in\ninstantaneous quenches from $T_i \\rightarrow \\infty$ to $T \\leq T_s$, where\n$T_s$ is the (pseudo)-spinodal temperature. The goal is to explain why, in the\nlarge-$q$ limit, the low-temperature dynamics freezes on some lattices while,\non others, the equilibrium configuration is easily reached. The cubic ($3d$)\nand the triangular ($2d$) lattices are analysed in detail. We show that the\ndynamics blocks when lattices have acyclic \\textit{unitary structures} while\nthe system goes to the equilibrium when these are cyclic, no matter the\ncoordination number ($z$) of the particular considered lattice.",
        "positive": "Corrections to scaling in geometrical clusters of the 2D Ising model: We study the scaling of the average cluster size and percolation strength of\ngeometrical clusters for the two-dimensional Ising model. By means of Monte\nCarlo simulations and a finite-size scaling analysis we discuss the appearance\nof corrections to scaling for different definitions of cluster sets. We find\nthat including all percolating clusters, or excluding only clusters that\npercolate in one but not the other direction, leads to smaller corrections to\nscaling for the average cluster size as compared to the other definitions\nconsidered. The percolation strength is less sensitive to the definitions used."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Statics and Dynamics of Magneto-Anisotropic Nanoparticles: Sec I - Introduction\n  Sec II - Equilibrium properties: generalities and methodology\n  Sec III - Equilibrium properties: some important quantities\n  Sec IV - Dynamical properties: heuristic approach\n  Sec V - Dynamical properties: stochastic approach\n  Sec VI - Foundation of the stochastic dynamical equations\n  Sec VII - Summary and conclusions\n  Appendices References",
        "positive": "On the Application of the Non Linear Sigma Model to Spin Chains and Spin\n  Ladders: We review the non linear sigma model approach (NLSM) to spin chains and spin\nladders, presenting new results. The generalization of the Haldane's map to\nladders in the Hamiltonian approach, give rise to different values of the\n$\\theta$ parameter depending on the spin S, the number of legs $n_{\\ell}$ and\nthe choice of blocks needed to built up the NLSM fields. For rectangular blocks\nwe obtain $\\theta = 0 $ or $2 \\pi S$ depending on wether $n_{\\ell}$, is even or\nodd, while for diagonal blocks we obtain $\\theta = 2 \\pi S n_{\\ell}$. Both\nresults agree modulo $2 \\pi$, and yield the same prediction, namely that even (\nresp. odd) ladders are gapped (resp. gapless). For even legged ladders we show\nthat the spin gap collapses exponentially with $n_{\\ell}$ and we propose a\nfinite size correction to the gap formula recently derived by Chakravarty using\nthe 2+1 NSLM, which gives a good fit of numerical results. We show the\nexistence of a Haldane phase in the two legged ladder using diagonal blocks and\nfinally we consider the phase diagram of dimerized ladders."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the relation between entanglement and subsystem Hamiltonians: We show that a proportionality between the entanglement Hamiltonian and the\nHamiltonian of a subsystem exists near the limit of maximal entanglement under\ncertain conditions. Away from that limit, solvable models show that the\ncoupling range differs in both quantities and allow to investigate the effect.",
        "positive": "Roughness exponents and grain shapes: In surfaces with grainy features, the local roughness $w$ shows a crossover\nat a characteristic length $r_c$, with roughness exponent changing from\n$\\alpha_1\\approx 1$ to a smaller $\\alpha_2$. The grain shape, the choice of $w$\nor height-height correlation function (HHCF) $C$, and the procedure to\ncalculate root mean-square averages are shown to have remarkable effects on\n$\\alpha_1$. With grains of pyramidal shape, $\\alpha_1$ can be as low as 0.71,\nwhich is much lower than the previous prediction 0.85 for rounded grains. The\nsame crossover is observed in the HHCF, but with initial exponent\n$\\chi_1\\approx 0.5$ for flat grains, while for some conical grains it may\nincrease to $\\chi_1\\approx 0.7$. The universality class of the growth process\ndetermines the exponents $\\alpha_2=\\chi_2$ after the crossover, but has no\neffect on the initial exponents $\\alpha_1$ and $\\chi_1$, supporting the\ngeometric interpretation of their values. For all grain shapes and different\ndefinitions of surface roughness or HHCF, we still observe that the crossover\nlength $r_c$ is an accurate estimate of the grain size. The exponents obtained\nin several recent experimental works on different materials are explained by\nthose models, with some surface images qualitatively similar to our model\nfilms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Global topological synchronization on simplicial and cell complexes: Topological signals, i.e., dynamical variables defined on nodes, links,\ntriangles, etc. of higher-order networks, are attracting increasing attention.\nHowever the investigation of their collective phenomena is only at its infancy.\nHere we combine topology and nonlinear dynamics to determine the conditions for\nglobal synchronization of topological signals defined on simplicial or cell\ncomplexes. On simplicial complexes we show that topological obstruction impedes\nodd dimensional signals to globally synchronize. On the other hand, we show\nthat cell complexes can overcome topological obstruction and in some\nstructures, signals of any dimension can achieve global synchronization.",
        "positive": "Exact solution of a boundary tumbling particle system in one dimension: We derive the fully time-dependent solution to a run-and-tumble model for a\nparticle which has tumbling restricted to the boundaries of a one-dimensional\ninterval. This is achieved through a field-theoretic perturbative framework by\nexploiting an elegant underlying structure of the perturbation theory. We\ncalculate the particle densities, currents and variance as well as\ncharacteristics of the boundary tumbling. The analytical findings, in agreement\nwith Monte-Carlo simulations, show how the particle densities are linked to the\nscale of diffusive fluctuations at the boundaries. The generality of our\napproach suggests it could be readily applied to similar problems described by\nFokker-Planck equations containing localised reaction terms."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On practical applicability of the Jarzynski relation in statistical\n  mechanics: a pedagogical example: We suggest and discuss a simple model of an ideal gas under the piston to\ngain an insight into the workings of the Jarzynski identity connecting the\naverage exponential of the work over the non-equilibrium trajectories with the\nequilibrium free energy. We show that the Jarzynski identity is valid for our\nsystem due to the very rapid molecules belonging to the tail of the Maxwell\ndistribution. For the most interesting extreme, when the system volume is\nlarge, while the piston is moving with large speed (compared to thermal\nvelocity) for a very short time, the necessary number of independent\nexperimental runs to obtain a reasonable approximation for the free energy from\naveraging the non-equilibrium work grows exponentially with the system size.",
        "positive": "End to end distance on contour loops of random gaussian surfaces: A self consistent field theory that describes a part of a contour loop of a\nrandom Gaussian surface as a trajectory interacting with itself is constructed.\nThe exponent \\nu characterizing the end to end distance is obtained by a Flory\nargument. The result is compared with different previuos derivations and is\nfound to agree with that of Kondev and Henley over most of the range of the\nroughening exponent of the random surface."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ordering Periodic Spatial Structures by Noise: We have analyzed the interplay between noise and periodic spatial modulations\nin bistable systems outside equilibrium and found that noise is able to\nincrease the spatial order of the system, giving rise to periodic patterns\nwhich otherwise look random. This new phenomenon, which may be viewed as the\nspatial counterpart of stochastic resonance, then shows a constructive role of\nnoise in spatially extended systems, not considered up to now.",
        "positive": "Shell structure in the density profiles for noninteracting fermions in\n  anisotropic harmonic confinement: We develop a Green's function method to evaluate the exact equilibrium\nparticle-density profiles of noninteracting Fermi gases in external harmonic\nconfinement in any spatial dimension and for arbitrary trap anisotropy. While\nin a spherically symmetric configuration the shell effects are negligible in\nthe case of large number of particles, we find that for very anisotropic traps\nthe quantum effects due to single-level occupancy and the deviations from the\nThomas-Fermi approximation are visible also for mesoscopic clouds."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quasi-stationary states and the range of pair interactions: \"Quasi-stationary\" states are approximately time-independent out of\nequilibrium states which have been observed in a variety of systems of\nparticles interacting by long-range interactions. We investigate here the\nconditions of their occurrence for a generic pair interaction V(r \\rightarrow\n\\infty) \\sim 1/r^a with a > 0, in d>1 dimensions. We generalize analytic\ncalculations known for gravity in d=3 to determine the scaling parametric\ndependences of their relaxation rates due to two body collisions, and report\nextensive numerical simulations testing their validity. Our results lead to the\nconclusion that, for a < d-1, the existence of quasi-stationary states is\nensured by the large distance behavior of the interaction alone, while for a >\nd-1 it is conditioned on the short distance properties of the interaction,\nrequiring the presence of a sufficiently large soft-core in the interaction\npotential.",
        "positive": "Swimming in Granular Media: We study a simple model of periodic contraction and extension of large\nintruders in a granular bed to understand the mechanism for swimming in an\notherwise solid media. Using an event-driven simulation, we find optimal\nconditions that idealized swimmers must use to critically fluidize a sand bed\nso that it is rigid enough to support a load when needed, but fluid enough to\npermit motion with minimal resistance. Swimmers - or other intruders - that\nagitate the bed too rapidly produce large voids that prevent traction from\nbeing achieved, while swimmers that move too slowly cannot travel before the\nbed re-solidifies around them i.e., the swimmers locally probe the fundamental\ntime-scale in a granular packing."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Permutation entropy of indexed ensembles: Quantifying thermalization\n  dynamics: We introduce `PI-Entropy' $\\Pi(\\tilde{\\rho})$ (the Permutation entropy of an\nIndexed ensemble) to quantify mixing due to complex dynamics for an ensemble\n$\\rho$ of different initial states evolving under identical dynamics. We find\nthat $\\Pi(\\tilde{\\rho})$ acts as an excellent proxy for the thermodynamic\nentropy $S(\\rho)$ but is much more computationally efficient. We study 1-D and\n2-D iterative maps and find that $\\Pi(\\tilde{\\rho})$ dynamics distinguish a\nvariety of system time scales and track global loss of information as the\nensemble relaxes to equilibrium. There is a universal S-shaped relaxation to\nequilibrium for generally chaotic systems, and this relaxation is characterized\nby a \\emph{shuffling} timescale that correlates with the system's Lyapunov\nexponent. For the Chirikov Standard Map, a system with a mixed phase space\nwhere the chaos grows with nonlinear kick strength $K$, we find that for high\n$K$, $\\Pi(\\tilde{\\rho})$ behaves like the uniformly hyperbolic 2-D Cat Map. For\nlow $K$ we see periodic behavior with a relaxation envelope resembling those of\nthe chaotic regime, but with frequencies that depend on the size and location\nof the initial ensemble in the mixed phase space as well as $K$. We discuss how\n$\\Pi(\\tilde{\\rho})$ adapts to experimental work and its general utility in\nquantifying how complex systems change from a low entropy to a high entropy\nstate.",
        "positive": "Molecular dynamics beyonds the limits: massive scaling on 72 racks of a\n  BlueGene/P and supercooled glass transition of a 1 billion particles system: We report scaling results on the world's largest supercomputer of our\nrecently developed Billions-Body Molecular Dynamics (BBMD) package, which was\nespecially designed for massively parallel simulations of the atomic dynamics\nin structural glasses and amorphous materials. The code was able to scale up to\n72 racks of an IBM BlueGene/P, with a measured 89% efficiency for a system with\n100 billion particles. The code speed, with less than 0.14 seconds per\niteration in the case of 1 billion particles, paves the way to the study of\nbillion-body structural glasses with a resolution increase of two orders of\nmagnitude with respect to the largest simulation ever reported. We demonstrate\nthe effectiveness of our code by studying the liquid-glass transition of an\nexceptionally large system made by a binary mixture of 1 billion particles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions in solvent dependent polymer adsorption in three\n  dimensions: We consider the phase diagram of self-avoiding walks (SAW) on the simple\ncubic lattice subject to surface and bulk interactions, modeling an adsorbing\nsurface and variable solvent quality for a polymer in dilute solution,\nrespectively. We simulate SAWs at specific interaction strengths to focus on\nlocating certain transitions and their critical behavior. By collating these\nnew results with previous results we sketch the complete phase diagram and show\nhow the adsorption transition is affected by changing the bulk interaction\nstrength. This expands on recent work considering how adsorption is affected by\nsolvent quality. We demonstrate that changes in the adsorption crossover\nexponent coincide with phase boundaries.",
        "positive": "On the heat flux and entropy produced by thermal fluctuations: We report an experimental and theoretical analysis of the energy exchanged\nbetween two conductors kept at different temperature and coupled by the\nelectric thermal noise. Experimentally we determine, as functions of the\ntemperature difference, the heat flux, the out-of- equilibrium variance and a\nconservation law for the fluctuating entropy, which we justify theoretically.\nThe system is ruled by the same equations of two Brownian particles kept at\ndifferent temperatures and coupled by an elastic force. Our results set strong\nconstrains on the energy exchanged between coupled nano-systems kept at\ndifferent temperature.}"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic-kinetic uncertainty relation: properties and an\n  information-theoretic interpretation: Universal relations that characterize the fluctuations of nonequilibrium\nsystems are of fundamental importance. The thermodynamic and kinetic\nuncertainty relations impose upper bounds on the precision of currents solely\nby total entropy production and dynamical activity, respectively. Recently, a\ntighter bound that imposes on the precision of currents by both total entropy\nproduction and dynamical activity has been derived (referred to as the TKUR).\nIn this paper, we show that the TKUR gives the tightest bound of a class of\ninequalities that imposes an upper bound on the precision of currents by\narbitrary functions of the entropy production, dynamical activity, and time\ninterval. Furthermore, we show that the TKUR can be rewritten as an inequality\nbetween two Kullback-Leibler divergences. One comes from the ratio of entropy\nproduction to dynamical activity, the other comes from the Kullback-Leibler\ndivergence between two probability distributions defined on two-element set,\nwhich are characterized by the ratio of precision of the time-integrated\ncurrent to dynamical activity.",
        "positive": "$\\mathbb{Z}_N$ symmetry breaking in Projected Entangled Pair State\n  models: We consider Projected Entangled Pair State (PEPS) models with a global\n$\\mathbb Z_N$ symmetry, which are constructed from $\\mathbb Z_N$-symmetric\ntensors and are thus $\\mathbb Z_N$-invariant wavefunctions, and study the\noccurence of long-range order and symmetry breaking in these systems. First, we\nshow that long-range order in those models is accompanied by a degeneracy in\nthe so-called transfer operator of the system. We subsequently use this\ndegeneracy to determine the nature of the symmetry broken states, i.e., those\nstable under arbitrary perturbations, and provide a succinct characterization\nin terms of the fixed points of the transfer operator (i.e.\\ the different\nboundary conditions) in the individual symmetry sectors. We verify our findings\nnumerically through the study of a $\\mathbb Z_3$-symmetric model, and show that\nthe entanglement Hamiltonian derived from the symmetry broken states is\nquasi-local (unlike the one derived from the symmetric state), reinforcing the\nlocality of the entanglement Hamiltonian for gapped phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamic Modes for a Granular Gas from Kinetic Theory: Small perturbations of the homogeneous cooling state (HCS) for a low density\ngranular gas are described by means of the linearized Boltzmann equation. The\nspectrum of the generator for this dynamics is shown to contain points\ncorresponding to hydrodynamic excitations. The corresponding eigenvectors and\neigenvalues are calculated to Navier-Stokes order and shown to agree with those\nobtained by the Chapman-Enskog method. The conditions for the hydrodynamic\nexcitations to dominate all other excitations are discussed.",
        "positive": "Probability distribution of drawdowns in risky investments: We study the risk criterion for investments based on the drawdown from the\nmaximal value of the capital in the past. Depending on investor's risk\nattitude, thus his risk exposure, we find that the distribution of these\ndrawdowns follows a general power law. In particular, if the risk exposure is\nKelly-optimal, the exponent of this power law has the borderline value of 2,\ni.e. the average drawdown is just about to diverge"
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Comment on \"Phase transition in a one-dimensional Ising ferromagnet at\n  zero temperature using Glauber dynamics with a synchronous updating mode\": Sznajd-Weron in [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 82}, 031120 (2010)] suggested that the\none-dimensional Ising model subject to the zero temperature synchronous Glauber\ndynamics exhibits a discontinuous phase transition. We show here instead that\nthe phase transition is of a continuous nature and identify critical exponents:\n$\\beta \\approx 0$, $\\nu \\approx 1$, and $z \\approx 2$, via a systematic\nfinite-size scaling analysis.",
        "positive": "Bayesian hidden Markov model analysis of single-molecule force\n  spectroscopy: Characterizing kinetics under measurement uncertainty: Single-molecule force spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool for\nstudying the kinetic behavior of biomolecules. Through application of an\nexternal force, conformational states with small or transient populations can\nbe stabilized, allowing them to be characterized and the statistics of\nindividual trajectories studied to provide insight into biomolecular folding\nand function. Because the observed quantity (force or extension) is not\nnecessarily an ideal reaction coordinate, individual observations cannot be\nuniquely associated with kinetically distinct conformations. While\nmaximum-likelihood schemes such as hidden Markov models have solved this\nproblem for other classes of single-molecule experiments by using temporal\ninformation to aid in the inference of a sequence of distinct conformational\nstates, these methods do not give a clear picture of how precisely the model\nparameters are determined by the data due to instrument noise and finite-sample\nstatistics, both significant problems in force spectroscopy. We solve this\nproblem through a Bayesian extension that allows the experimental uncertainties\nto be directly quantified, and build in detailed balance to further reduce\nuncertainty through physical constraints. We illustrate the utility of this\napproach in characterizing the three-state kinetic behavior of an RNA hairpin\nin a stationary optical trap."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Some exact results for a trapped quantum gas at finite temperature: We present closed analytical expressions for the particle and kinetic energy\nspatial densities at finite temperatures for a system of noninteracting\nfermions (bosons) trapped in a d-dimensional harmonic oscillator potential. For\nd=2 and 3, exact expressions for the N-particle densities are used to calculate\nperturbatively the temperature dependence of the splittings of the energy\nlevels in a given shell due to a very weak interparticle interaction in a\ndilute Fermi gas. In two dimensions, we obtain analytically the surprising\nresult that the |l|-degeneracy in a harmonic oscillator shell is not lifted in\nthe lowest order even when the exact, rather than the Thomas-Fermi expression\nfor the particle density is used. We also demonstrate rigorously (in two\ndimensions) the reduction of the exact zero-temperature fermionic expressions\nto the Thomas-Fermi form in the large-N limit.",
        "positive": "Evaluation of the grand-canonical partition function using Expanded\n  Wang-Landau simulations. IV. Performance of many-body force fields and\n  tight-binding schemes for the fluid phases of Silicon: We extend Expanded Wang-Landau (EWL) simulations beyond classical systems and\ndevelop the EWL method for systems modeled with a tight-binding Hamiltonian. We\nthen apply the method to determine the partition function and thus all\nthermodynamic properties, including the Gibbs free energy and entropy, of the\nfluid phases of Si. We compare the results from quantum many-body (QMB) tight\nbinding models, which explicitly calculate the overlap between the atomic\norbitals of neighboring atoms, to those obtained with classical many-body force\nfields (CMB), which allow to recover the tetrahedral organization in condensed\nphases of Si through e.g. a repulsive 3-body term that favors the ideal\ntetrahedral angle. Along the vapor-liquid coexistence, between 3000K and 6000K,\nthe densities for the two coexisting phases are found to vary significantly (by\n$5$ orders of magnitude for the vapor and by up to 25% for the liquid) and to\nprovide a stringent test of the models. Transitions from vapor to liquid are\npredicted to occur for chemical potentials that are $10-15$% higher for CMB\nmodels than for QMB models, and a ranking of the force fields is provided by\ncomparing the predictions for the vapor pressure to the experimental data. QMB\nmodels also reveal the formation of a gap in the electronic density of states\nof the coexisting liquid at high temperatures. Subjecting Si to a nanoscopic\nconfinement has a dramatic effect on the phase diagram, with e.g. at 6000K a\ndecrease in liquid densities by about 50% for both CMB and QMB models and an\nincrease in vapor densities between 90% (CMB) and 170% (QMB). The results\npresented here provide a full picture of the impact of the strategy (CMB or\nQMB) chosen to model many-body effects on the thermodynamic properties of the\nfluid phases of Si."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonperturbative Thermodynamic Geometry of Anyon Gas: Following our earlier work on the Ruppeiner geometry of an anyon gas [B.\nMirza and H. Mohammadzadeh, Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 78,} 021127 (2008)], we will\nderive nonperturbative thermodynamic curvature of a two-dimensional ideal anyon\ngas. At different values of the thermodynamic parameter space, some unique and\ninteresting behaviors of the anyon gas are explored. A complete picture of\nattractive and repulsive phases of the anyon gas is given.",
        "positive": "Statistical optimization for passive scalar transport: maximum entropy\n  production vs maximum Kolmogorov-Sinay entropy: We derive rigorous results on the link between the principle of maximum\nentropy production and the principle of maximum Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy using\na Markov model of the passive scalar diffusion called the Zero Range Process.\nWe show analytically that both the entropy production and the Kolmogorov-Sinai\nentropy seen as functions of f admit a unique maximum denoted fmaxEP and\nfmaxKS. The behavior of these two maxima is explored as a function of the\nsystem disequilibrium and the system resolution N. The main result of this\narticle is that fmaxEP and fmaxKS have the same Taylor expansion at _rst order\nin the deviation of equilibrium. We find that fmaxEP hardly depends on N\nwhereas fmaxKS depends strongly on N. In particular, for a fixed difference of\npotential between the reservoirs, fmaxEP (N) tends towards a non-zero value,\nwhile fmaxKS (N) tends to 0 when N goes to infinity. For values of N typical of\nthat adopted by Paltridge and climatologists we show that fmaxEP and fmaxKS\ncoincide even far from equilibrium. Finally, we show that one can find an\noptimal resolution N_ such that fmaxEP and fmaxKS coincide, at least up to a\nsecond order parameter proportional to the non-equilibrium uxes imposed to the\nboundaries."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium statistical field theory for classical particles: Basic\n  kinetic theory: Recently Mazenko and Das and Mazenko introduced a non-equilibrium field\ntheoretical approach to describe the statistical properties of a classical\nparticle ensemble starting from the microscopic equations of motion of each\nindividual particle. We use this theory to investigate the transition from\nthose microscopic degrees of freedom to the evolution equations of the\nmacroscopic observables of the ensemble. For the free theory, we recover the\ncontinuity and Jeans equations of a collisionless gas. For a theory containing\ntwo-particle interactions in a canonical perturbation series, we find the\nmacroscopic evolution equations to be described by the\nBorn-Bogoliubov-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy (BBGKY hierarchy) with a\ntruncation criterion depending on the order in perturbation theory. This\nestablishes a direct link between the classical and the field-theoretical\napproaches to kinetic theory that might serve as a starting point to\ninvestigate kinetic theory beyond the classical limits.",
        "positive": "Negative Specific Heat in a Quasi-2D Generalized Vorticity Model: Negative specific heat is a dramatic phenomenon where processes decrease in\ntemperature when adding energy. It has been observed in gravo-thermal collapse\nof globular clusters. We now report finding this phenomenon in bundles of\nnearly parallel, periodic, single-sign generalized vortex filaments in the\nelectron magnetohydrodynamic (EMH) model for the unbounded plane under strong\nmagnetic confinement. We derive the specific heat using a steepest descent\nmethod and a mean field property. Our derivations show that as temperature\nincreases, the overall size of the system increases exponentially and the\nenergy drops. The implication of negative specific heat is a runaway reaction,\nresulting in a collapsing inner core surrounded by an expanding halo of\nfilaments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deterministic force-free resonant activation: Combined action of noise and deterministic force in dynamical systems can\ninduce resonant effects. Here, we demonstrate a minimal,\ndeterministic-force-free, setup allowing for occurrence of resonant, noise\ninduced effects. We show that in the archetypal problem of escape from finite\nintervals driven by $\\alpha$-stale noise with the periodically modulated\nstability index, depending on the initial direction of the modulation,\nresonant-activation-like or noise-enhanced-stability-like phenomena can be\nobserved.",
        "positive": "3D Ising Model with Improved Scaling Behaviour: We present results from the simulation of a two-coupling spin-1 model with\nstates 0,+1,-1 and nearest neighbour interaction. By a suitable choice of\ncouplings we are able to drastically reduce the effects of corrections to\nscaling. Our estimates for the critical exponents are nu= 0.6299(3) and eta =\n0.0359(10). For the Binder cumulant related universal ratio we obtain Q=\n0.6240(2). The universal ratio of partition functions with\nantiperiodic/periodic boundary conditions, respectively, is Z_a/Z_p =\n0.5425(2)."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adiabaticity enhancement in the classical transverse field Ising chain,\n  and its effective non-Hermitian description: We analyse the near-adiabatic dynamics in a ramp through the critical point\n(CP) of the classical transverse field Ising chain. This is motivated,\nconceptually, by the fact that this CP -- unlike its quantum counterpart --\nexperiences no thermal or quantum fluctuations, and technically by the\ntractability of its effective model. For a `half-ramp' from ferromagnet to CP,\nthe longitudinal and transverse magnetization scale as $\\tau^{-1/3}$ and\n$\\tau^{-2/3}$, respectively, with $1/\\tau$ the ramp rate, in accord with\nKibble-Zurek theory. For ferro- to paramagnetic ramps across the CP, however,\nthey stay closer, $\\tau^{-1/2}$ and $\\tau^{-1}$, to adiabaticity. This\nadiabaticity enhancement compared to the half ramp is understood by casting the\ndynamics in the paramagnet in the form of a non-hermitian Dirac Hamiltonian,\nwith the CP playing the role of an exceptional point, opening an additional\ndecay channel.",
        "positive": "One-point height fluctuations and two-point correlators of $(2+1)$\n  cylindrical KPZ systems: While the 1-point height distributions (HDs) and 2-point covariances of\n$(2+1)$ KPZ systems have been investigated in several recent works for flat and\nspherical geometries, for the cylindrical one the HD was analyzed for few\nmodels and nothing is known about the spatial and temporal covariances. Here,\nwe report results for these quantities, obtained from extensive numerical\nsimulations of discrete KPZ models, for three different setups yielding\ncylindrical growth. Beyond demonstrating the universality of the HD and\ncovariances, our results reveal other interesting features of this geometry.\nFor example, the spatial covariances measured along the longitudinal and\nazimuthal directions are different, with the former being quite similar to the\ncurve for flat $(2+1)$ KPZ systems, while the latter resembles the Airy$_2$\ncovariance of circular $(1+1)$ KPZ interfaces. We also argue (and present\nnumerical evidence) that, in general, the rescaled temporal covariance\n$\\mathcal{A}(t/t_0)$ decays asymptotically as $\\mathcal{A}(x) \\sim\nx^{-\\bar{\\lambda}}$ with an exponent $\\bar{\\lambda} = \\beta + d^*/z$, where\n$d^*$ is the number of interface sides kept fixed during the growth (being $d^*\n= 1$ for the systems analyzed here). Overall, these results complete the\npicture of the main statistics for the $(2+1)$ KPZ class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A supercritical series analysis for the generalized contact process with\n  diffusion: We study a model that generalizes the CP with diffusion. An additional\ntransition is included in the model so that at a particular point of its phase\ndiagram a crossover from the directed percolation to the compact directed\npercolation class will happen. We are particularly interested in the effect of\ndiffusion on the properties of the crossover between the universality classes.\nTo address this point, we develop a supercritical series expansion for the\nultimate survival probability and analyse this series using d-log Pad\\'e and\npartial differential approximants. We also obtain approximate solutions in the\none- and two-site dynamical mean-field approximations. We find evidences that,\nat variance to what happens in mean-field approximations, the crossover\nexponent remains close to $\\phi=2$ even for quite high diffusion rates, and\ntherefore the critical line in the neighborhood of the multicritical point\napparently does not reproduce the mean-field result (which leads to $\\phi=0$)\nas the diffusion rate grows without bound.",
        "positive": "Critical exponents for Gaussian fixed point of renormalization: We present mathematical details of derivation of the critical exponents for\nthe free energy and magnetization in the vicinity of the Gaussian fixed point\nof renormalization. We treat the problem in general terms and do not refer to\nparticular models of interaction energy. We discuss the case of arbitrary\ndispersion of the fixed point."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Run-and-tumble motion: field theory and entropy production: Run-and-tumble motion is an example of active motility where particles move\nat constant speed and change direction at random times. In this work we study\nrun-and-tumble motion with diffusion in a harmonic potential in one dimension\nvia a path integral approach. We derive a Doi-Peliti field theory and use it to\ncalculate the entropy production and other observables in closed form. All our\nresults are exact.",
        "positive": "Factorization of density matrices in the critical RSOS models: We study reduced density matrices of the integrable critical RSOS model in a\nparticular topological sector containing the ground state. Similar as in the\nspin-$1/2$ Heisenberg model it has been observed that correlation functions of\nthis model on short segments can be `factorized': they are completely\ndetermined by a single nearest-neighbour two-point function $\\omega$ and a set\nof structure functions. While $\\omega$ captures the dependence on the system\nsize and the state of the system the structure functions can be expressed in\nterms of the possible operators on the segment, in the present case\nrepresentations of the Temperley-Lieb algebra $\\text{TL}_n$, and are\nindependent of the model parameters. We present explicit results for the\nfunction $\\omega$ in the infinite system ground state of the model and compute\nmulti-point local height probabilities for up to four adjacent sites for the\nRSOS model and the related three-point correlation functions of non-Abelian\n$su(2)_k$ anyons."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inversion Problems for Fourier Transforms of Particle Distributions: Collective coordinates in a many-particle system are complex Fourier\ncomponents of the particle density, and often provide useful physical insights.\nHowever, given collective coordinates, it is desirable to infer the particle\ncoordinates via inverse transformations. In principle, a sufficiently large set\nof collective coordinates are equivalent to particle coordinates, but the\nnonlinear relation between collective and particle coordinates makes the\ninversion procedure highly nontrivial. Given a \"target\" configuration in\none-dimensional Euclidean space, we investigate the minimal set of its\ncollective coordinates that can be uniquely inverted into particle coordinates.\nFor this purpose, we treat a finite number $M$ of the real and/or the imaginary\nparts of collective coordinates of the target configuration as constraints, and\nthen reconstruct \"solution\" configurations whose collective coordinates satisfy\nthese constraints. Both theoretical and numerical investigations reveal that\nthe number of numerically distinct solutions depends sensitively on the chosen\ncollective-coordinate constraints and target configurations. From detailed\nanalysis, we conclude that collective coordinates at the\n$\\lceil\\frac{N}{2}\\rceil$ smallest wavevectors is the minimal set of\nconstraints for unique inversion, where $\\lceil{\\cdot}\\rceil$ represents the\nceiling function. This result provides useful groundwork to the inverse\ntransform of collective coordinates in higher-dimensional systems.",
        "positive": "Rank one HCIZ at high temperature: interpolating between classical and\n  free convolutions: We study the rank one Harish-Chandra-Itzykson-Zuber integral in the limit\nwhere $\\frac{N \\beta}{2} \\to c $, called the high temperature regime and show\nthat it can be used to construct a promising one-parameter interpolation, with\nparameter $c$ between the classical and the free convolution. This\n$c$-convolution has a simple interpretation in terms of another associated\nfamily of distribution indexed by $c$, called the Markov-Krein transform: the\n$c$-convolution of two distributions corresponds to the classical convolution\nof their Markov-Krein transforms. We derive first cumulants-moments relations,\na central limit theorem, a Poisson limit theorem and shows several numerical\nexamples of $c$-convoluted distributions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Rayleigh B\u00e9nard Convective Instability Study Using Energy Conserving\n  Dissipative Particle Dynamics: A Rayleigh B\\'enard instability study using the energy conserving dissipative\nparticle dynamics method is presented here for the first time. The simulation\nis performed on an ideal dissipative particle dynamics fluid in a three\ndimensional domain with carefully selected parameters to make the convection\nterms in the equation more dominant than the conduction ones. Beyond a critical\ntemperature difference a two cell pattern is observed as the dominant\nstructure. As the temperature is increased further, the density changes in the\nsystem are sharp with formation of distinct high density layers close to the\ncold wall. Doubling the length of the domain led to the formation of four\nconvection cells with the same cell diameter as before, confirming the\ninvariance of the pattern formation in that dimension. Changes in the height of\nthe domain led to cells with more uniform looking patterns. The results and\npatterns seen here are qualitatively similar to previous studies performed on\nrarefied gases.",
        "positive": "Asymptotics of the Farey Fraction Spin Chain Free Energy at the Critical\n  Point: We consider the Farey fraction spin chain in an external field $h$. Using\nideas from dynamical systems and functional analysis, we show that the free\nenergy $f$ in the vicinity of the second-order phase transition is given,\nexactly, by $$ f \\sim \\frac t{\\log t}-\\frac1{2} \\frac{h^2}t \\quad \\text{for}\n\\quad h^2\\ll t \\ll 1 . $$\n  Here $t=\\lambda_{G}\\log(2)(1-\\frac{\\beta}{\\beta_c})$ is a reduced\ntemperature, so that the deviation from the critical point is scaled by the\nLyapunov exponent of the Gauss map, $\\lambda_G$. It follows that $\\lambda_G$\ndetermines the amplitude of both the specific heat and susceptibility\nsingularities. To our knowledge, there is only one other microscopically\ndefined interacting model for which the free energy near a phase transition is\nknown as a function of two variables.\n  Our results confirm what was found previously with a cluster approximation,\nand show that a clustering mechanism is in fact responsible for the transition.\nHowever, the results disagree in part with a renormalisation group treatment."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical Liquids in Fractal Dimension: We introduce fractal liquids by generalizing classical liquids of integer\ndimensions $d = 1, 2, 3$ to a fractal dimension $d_f$. The particles composing\nthe liquid are fractal objects and their configuration space is also fractal,\nwith the same non-integer dimension. Realizations of our generic model system\ninclude microphase separated binary liquids in porous media, and highly\nbranched liquid droplets confined to a fractal polymer backbone in a gel. Here\nwe study the thermodynamics and pair correlations of fractal liquids by\ncomputer simulation and semi-analytical statistical mechanics. Our results are\nbased on a model where fractal hard spheres move on a near-critical percolating\nlattice cluster. The predictions of the fractal Percus-Yevick liquid integral\nequation compare well with our simulation results.",
        "positive": "Quantum Quenches of Conformal Field Theory with Open Boundary: We develop a method to derive the exact formula of entanglement entropy for\ngeneric inhomogeneous conformal field theory (CFT) quantum quenches with open\nboundary condition (OBC), which characterizes the generic boundary effect\nunresolved by analytical methods in the past. We identify the generic OBC\nquenches with Euclidean path integrals in complicated spacetime geometries, and\nwe show that a special class of OBC quenches, including the M\\\"obius and\nsine-square-deformation quenches, have simple boundary effects calculable from\nEuclidean path integrals in a simple strip spacetime geometry. We verify that\nour generic CFT formula matches well with free fermion tight-binding model\nnumerical calculations for various quench problems with OBC. Our method can be\neasily generalized to calculate any local quantities expressible as one-point\nfunctions in such quantum quench problems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Methods and Conversations in (Post)Modern Thermodynamics: Lecture notes after the doctoral school (Post)Modern Thermodynamics held at\nthe University of Luxembourg, December 2022, 5-7, covering and advancing\ncontinuous-time Markov chains, network theory, stochastic thermodynamics, large\ndeviations, deterministic and stochastic chemical reaction networks,\nmetastability, martingales, quantum thermodynamics, and foundational issues.",
        "positive": "Topological percolation on a square lattice: We investigate the formation of an infinite cluster of entangled threads in a\n(2+1)-dimensional system. We demonstrate that topological percolation belongs\nto the universality class of the standard 2D bond percolation. We compute the\ntopological percolation threshold and the critical exponents of topological\nphase transition. Our numerical check confirms well obtained analytical\nresults."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Intensity Thresholds and the Statistics of the Temporal Occurrence of\n  Solar Flares: Introducing thresholds to analyze time series of emission from the Sun\nenables a new and simple definition of solar flare events, and their\ninteroccurrence times. Rescaling time by the rate of events, the waiting and\nquiet time distributions both conform to scaling functions that are independent\nof the intensity threshold over a wide range. The scaling functions are well\ndescribed by a two parameter function, with parameters that depend on the phase\nof the solar cycle. For flares identified according to the current, standard\ndefinition, similar behavior is found.",
        "positive": "Nonequilibrium calorimetry: We consider stationary driven systems in contact with a thermal equilibrium\nbath. There is a constant (Joule) heat dissipated from the steady system to the\nenvironment as long as all parameters are unchanged. As a natural\ngeneralization from equilibrium thermodynamics, the nonequilibrium heat\ncapacity measures the excess in that dissipated heat when the temperature of\nthe thermal bath is changed. To improve experimental accessibility we show how\nthe heat capacity can also be obtained from the response of the instantaneous\nheat flux to small periodic temperature variations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions and crossovers in reaction-diffusion models with\n  catalyst deactivation: The activity of catalytic materials is reduced during operation by several\nmechanisms, one of them being poisoning of catalytic sites by chemisorbed\nimpurities or products. Here we study the effects of poisoning in two\nreaction-diffusion models in one-dimensional lattices with randomly distributed\ncatalytic sites. Unimolecular and bimolecular single-species reactions are\nconsidered, without reactant input during the operation. The models show\ntransitions between a phase with continuous decay of reactant concentration and\na phase with asymptotic non-zero reactant concentration and complete poisoning\nof the catalyst. The transition boundary depends on the initial reactant and\ncatalyst concentrations and on the poisoning probability. The critical system\nbehaves as in the two-species annihilation reaction, with reactant\nconcentration decaying as t^{-1/4} and the catalytic sites playing the role of\nthe second species. In the unimolecular reaction, a significant crossover to\nthe asymptotic scaling is observed even when one of those parameters is 10% far\nfrom criticality. Consequently, an effective power-law decay of concentration\nmay persist up to long times and lead to an apparent change in the reaction\nkinetics. In the bimolecular single-species reaction, the critical scaling is\nfollowed by a two-dimensional rapid decay, thus two crossovers are found.",
        "positive": "Recurrence time correlations in random walks with preferential\n  relocation to visited places: Random walks with memory typically involve rules where a preference for\neither revisiting or avoiding those sites visited in the past are introduced\nsomehow. Such effects have a direct consequence on the statistics of\nfirst-passage and subsequent recurrence times through a site; typically, a\npreference for revisiting sites is expected to result in a positive correlation\nbetween consecutive recurrence times. Here we derive a continuous-time\ngeneralization of the random walk model with preferential relocation to visited\nsites proposed in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 240601] to explore this effect,\ntogether with the main transport properties induced by the long-range memory.\nDespite the highly non-Markovian character of the process, our analytical\ntreatment allows us to (i) observe the existence of an asymptotic logarithmic\n(ultraslow) growth for the mean square displacement, in accordance to the\nresults found for the original discrete-time model, and (ii) confirm the\nexistence of positive correlations between first-passage and subsequent\nrecurrence times. This analysis is completed with a comprehensive numerical\nstudy which reveals, among other results, that these correlations between\nfirst-passage and recurrence times also exhibit clear signatures of the\nultraslow dynamics present in the process."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Emergent statistical mechanics of entanglement in random unitary\n  circuits: We map the dynamics of entanglement in random unitary circuits, with finite\non-site Hilbert space dimension $q$, to an effective classical statistical\nmechanics, and develop general diagrammatic tools for calculations in random\nunitary circuits. We demonstrate explicitly the emergence of a `minimal\nmembrane' governing entanglement growth, which in 1+1D is a directed random\nwalk in spacetime (or a variant thereof). Using the replica trick to handle the\nlogarithm in the definition of the $n$th R\\'enyi entropy $S_n$, we map the\ncalculation of the entanglement after a quench to a problem of interacting\nrandom walks. A key role is played by effective classical spins (taking values\nin a permutation group) which distinguish between different ways of pairing\nspacetime histories in the replicated system. For the second R\\'enyi entropy,\n$S_2$, we are able to take the replica limit explicitly. This gives a mapping\nbetween entanglement growth and a directed polymer in a random medium at finite\ntemperature (confirming Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) scaling for entanglement\ngrowth in generic noisy systems). We find that the entanglement growth rate\n(`speed') $v_n$ depends on the R\\'enyi index $n$, and we calculate $v_2$ and\n$v_3$ in an expansion in the inverse local Hilbert space dimension, $1/q$.\nThese rates are determined by the free energy of a random walk, and of a bound\nstate of two random walks, respectively, and include contributions of\n`energetic' and `entropic' origin. We give a combinatorial interpretation of\nthe Page-like subleading corrections to the entanglement at late times and\ndiscuss the dynamics of the entanglement close to and after saturation. We\nbriefly discuss the application of these insights to time-independent\nHamiltonian dynamics.",
        "positive": "Quench Dynamics in a Model with Tuneable Integrability Breaking: We consider quantum quenches in an integrable quantum chain with\ntuneable-integrability-breaking interactions. In the case where these\ninteractions are weak, we demonstrate that at intermediate times after the\nquench local observables relax to a prethermalized regime, which can be\ndescribed by a density matrix that can be viewed as a deformation of a\ngeneralized Gibbs ensemble. We present explicit expressions for the\napproximately conserved charges characterizing this ensemble. We do not find\nevidence for a crossover from the prethermalized to a thermalized regime on the\ntime scales accessible to us. Increasing the integrability-breaking\ninteractions leads to a behaviour that is compatible with eventual\nthermalization."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Feynman rules for forced wave turbulence: It has long been known that weakly nonlinear field theories can have a\nlate-time stationary state that is not the thermal state, but a wave turbulent\nstate with a far-from-equilibrium cascade of energy. We go beyond the existence\nof the wave turbulent state, studying fluctuations about the wave turbulent\nstate. Specifically, we take a classical field theory with an arbitrary quartic\ninteraction and add dissipation and Gaussian-random forcing. Employing the path\nintegral relation between stochastic classical field theories and quantum field\ntheories, we give a prescription, in terms of Feynman diagrams, for computing\ncorrelation functions in this system. We explicitly compute the two-point and\nfour-point functions of the field to next-to-leading order in the coupling.\nThrough an appropriate choice of forcing and dissipation, these correspond to\ncorrelation functions in the wave turbulent state. In particular, we derive the\nkinetic equation to next-to-leading order.",
        "positive": "Projected free energies for polydisperse phase equilibria: A `polydisperse' system has an infinite number of conserved densities. We\ngive a rational procedure for projecting its infinite-dimensional free energy\nsurface onto a subspace comprising a finite number of linear combinations of\ndensities (`moments'), in which the phase behavior is then found as usual. If\nthe excess free energy of the system depends only on the moments used, exact\ncloud, shadow and spinodal curves result; two- and multi-phase regions are\napproximate, but refinable indefinitely by adding extra moments. The approach\nis computationally robust and gives new geometrical insights into the\nthermodynamics of polydispersity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Cooperative dynamics in two-component out-of-equilibrium systems:\n  Molecular \"spinning tops\": We study the two-dimensional Langevin dynamics of a two-component system,\nwhose components are in contact with heat baths kept at different temperatures.\nDynamics is constrained by an optical trap and\n  the \\text{dissimilar} species interact via a quadratic potential. We realize\nthat the system evolves towards a peculiar non-equilibrium steady-state with a\nnon-zero probability current possessing a non-zero curl, such that the randomly\nmoving particles are spinning around themselves, like \"spinning top\" toys. Our\nanalysis shows that the spinning motion is correlated and also reveals an\nemerging cooperative behavior of the spatial components of the probability\ncurrents of dissimilar species.",
        "positive": "Replicating Higgs fields in Ising gauge theory: the registry order: We consider $Z_2$ gauge field theory coupled to \"Higgs\" matter fields\ninvoking several copies of such matter, interacting entirely through the gauge\nfields, the $Z_2 \\times Z_2 \\times Z_2\\cdots / Z_2$ and the $O(N) \\times O(N)\n\\times O(N) \\cdots / Z_2$ families of theories. We discover that the Higgs\nphase of such theories is characterized by a hitherto unidentified \"registry\"\norder parameter. This is characterized by a gauge invariant $p =\n2^{N_{\\text{rep}}}/2$ Potts type symmetry where $N_{\\text{rep}}$ is the number\nof matter copies. The meaning of this registry is that the different matter\ncopies align their vectors locally in strictly parallel or anti-parallel\nfashion, even dealing with the continuous $O(2)$ symmetry. Supported by\nMonte-Carlo simulations, we identify the origin of this registry order in terms\nof the gauge interactions mediated by the fluxes (\"visons\") associated with the\n$Z_2$ gauge fields, indirectly imposing the discrete symmetry in the gauge\ninvariant global symmetry controlled effective order parameter theory. In\naddition, it appears that our simulations reveal a hitherto unidentified\n\"pseudo-universality\" associated with the very similar form of the overall\nphase diagrams of the various theories suggesting a remarkable \"governance\" by\nthe gauge field part of the dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heterogeneous Condensation: Vapor condensation on nanoparticle with radius smaller than the Kelvin radius\nis considered as fluctuation or as the heterogeneous nucleation. The expression\nfor steady-state heterogeneous nucleation rate is obtained. Nucleation on\nnegatively charged nanoparticles is discussed. The report was made at 17th\nInternational Nucleation and Atmospheric Conferences, Galway, Ireland, 2007.",
        "positive": "Effect of Constraint Relaxation on the Minimum Vertex Cover Problem in\n  Random Graphs: A statistical-mechanical study of the effect of constraint relaxation on the\nminimum vertex cover problem in Erd\\H{o}s-R\\'enyi random graphs is presented.\nUsing a penalty-method formulation for constraint relaxation, typical\nproperties of solutions, including infeasible solutions that violate the\nconstraints, are analyzed by means of the replica method and cavity method. The\nproblem involves a competition between reducing the number of vertices to be\ncovered and satisfying the edge constraints. The analysis under the\nreplica-symmetric (RS) ansatz clarifies that the competition leads to\ndegeneracies in the vertex and edge states, which determine the quantitative\nproperties of the system, such as the cover and penalty ratios. A precise\nanalysis of these effects improves the accuracy of RS approximation for the\nminimum cover ratio in the replica symmetry breaking (RSB) region. Furthermore,\nthe analysis based on the RS cavity method indicates that the RS/RSB boundary\nof the ground states with respect to the mean degree of the graphs is expanded,\nand the critical temperature is lowered by constraint relaxation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonextensive Reaction Rate: The Kramers' survival probability has been generalized by using nonextensive\nformalism. This nonextensive survival probability is studied in detail and\nassociated Kramers' rate has been calculated in the high and low viscosity\nlimit. It has been showed that the proportionality of nonextensive Kramers'\nrate to the nonextensive friction term in the high viscosity limit changes to\ninverse proportionality in the low viscosity limit. It has also been observed\nthat friction constant of nonextensive processes is of rescaled form of the\nordinary frictional term. Since the relation between the ordinary rate and\nnonextensive rate is found out to be linear, the Arrhenius nature of the\nKramers' rate is preserved. By using experimental results related to CO\nrebinding to myoglobin after photodissociation, we conclude that nonextensivity\nplays an important role in protein reactions.",
        "positive": "Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order in Bose Liquids: Irrotational Flow and\n  Quantization of Circulation: On the basis of gauge invariance, it is proven in an elementary and\nstraightforward manner, but without invoking any {\\it ad hoc} assumption, that\nthe existence of off-diagonal long-range order in one-particle reduced density\nmatrix in Bose liquids implies both the irrotational flow in a simply connected\nregion and the quantization of circulation in a multiply connected region, the\ntwo fundamental properties of a Bose superfluid. The origin for both is the\nphase coherence of condensate wave-functions. Some relevant issues are also\naddressed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "CSAW: a dynamical model of protein folding: CSAW (conditioned self-avoiding walk) is a model of protein folding that\ncombines SAW (self-avoiding walk) with Monte-Carlo. It simulates the Brownian\nmotion of a chain molecule in the presence of interactions, both among chain\nresidues, and with the environment. In a first model that includes the\nhydrophobic effect and hydrogen bonding, a chain of 30 residues folds into a\nnative state with stable secondary and tertiary structures. The process starts\nwith a rapid collapse into an intermediate \"molten globule\", which slowly\ndecays into the native state afer a relatively long quiescent period. The\nbehavior of the radius of gyration mimics experimental data.",
        "positive": "Geometry of the energy landscape and folding transition in a simple\n  model of a protein: A geometric analysis of the global properties of the energy landscape of a\nminimalistic model of a polypeptide is presented, which is based on the\nrelation between dynamical trajectories and geodesics of a suitable manifold,\nwhose metric is completely determined by the potential energy. We consider\ndifferent sequences, some with a definite protein-like behavior, a unique\nnative state and a folding transition, and the others undergoing a hydrophobic\ncollapse with no tendency to a unique native state. The global geometry of the\nenergy landscape appears to contain relevant information on the behavior of the\nvarious sequences: in particular, the fluctuations of the curvature of the\nenergy landscape, measured by means of numerical simulations, clearly mark the\nfolding transition and allow to distinguish the protein-like sequences from the\nothers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Second Law and Non-Equilibrium Entropy of Schottky Systems -- Doubts and\n  Verification: Meixner's historical remark in 1969 \"... it can be shown that the concept of\nentropy in the absence of equilibrium is in fact not only questionable but that\nit cannot even be defined....\" is investigated from today's insight. Several\nstatements --such as the three laws of phenomenological thermodynamics, the\nembedding theorem and the adiabatical uniqueness-- are used to get rid of\nnon-equilibrium entropy as a primitive concept. In this framework, Clausius\ninequality of open systems can be derived by use of the defining inequalities\nwhich establish the non-equilibrium quantities contact temperature and\nnon-equilibrium molar entropy which allow to describe the interaction between\nthe Schottky system and its controlling equilibrium environment.",
        "positive": "Diffusion in a biased washboard potential revisited: The celebrated Sutherland-Einstein relation for systems at thermal\nequilibrium states that spread of trajectories of Brownian particles is an\nincreasing function of temperature. Here, we scrutinize diffusion of\nunderdamped Brownian motion in a biased periodic potential and analyse regimes\nin which a diffusion coefficient decreases with increasing temperature within\nfinite temperature window. Comprehensive numerical simulations of the\ncorresponding Langevin equation performed with unprecedented resolution allow\nus to construct phase diagram for the occurrence of the non-monotonic\ntemperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient. We discuss the relation of\nthe latter effect with the phenomenon of giant diffusion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermoelectric power of nondegenerate Kane semiconductors under the\n  conditions of mutual electron-phonon drag in a high electric field: The thermoelectric power of nondegenerate Kane semiconductors with due regard\nfor the electron and phonon heating, and their thermal and mutual drags is\ninvestigated. The electron spectrum is taken in the Kane two-band form. It is\nshown that the nonparabolicity of electron spectrum significantly influences\nthe magnitude of the thermoelectric power and leads to a change of its sign and\ndependence on the heating electric field. The field dependence of the\nthermoelectric power is determined analytically under various drag conditions.",
        "positive": "Uncovering the secrets of the 2d random-bond Blume-Capel model: The effects of bond randomness on the ground-state structure, phase diagram\nand critical behavior of the square lattice ferromagnetic Blume-Capel (BC)\nmodel are discussed. The calculation of ground states at strong disorder and\nlarge values of the crystal field is carried out by mapping the system onto a\nnetwork and we search for a minimum cut by a maximum flow method. In finite\ntemperatures the system is studied by an efficient two-stage Wang-Landau (WL)\nmethod for several values of the crystal field, including both the first- and\nsecond-order phase transition regimes of the pure model. We attempt to explain\nthe enhancement of ferromagnetic order and we discuss the critical behavior of\nthe random-bond model. Our results provide evidence for a strong violation of\nuniversality along the second-order phase transition line of the random-bond\nversion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fokker-Planck equation on metric graphs: We consider the Fokker-Planck equation on metric graphs. Vertex boundary\nconditions are imposed in the form of weight continuity and the probability\ncurrent conservation. Exact solution of the is obtained for star, tree and loop\ngraphs. Applications of the model to Brownian motion in networks and other\nproblems are briefly discussed.",
        "positive": "Introduction to Monte Carlo Methods: Monte Carlo methods play an important role in scientific computation,\nespecially when problems have a vast phase space. In this lecture an\nintroduction to the Monte Carlo method is given. Concepts such as Markov\nchains, detailed balance, critical slowing down, and ergodicity, as well as the\nMetropolis algorithm are explained. The Monte Carlo method is illustrated by\nnumerically studying the critical behavior of the two-dimensional Ising\nferromagnet using finite-size scaling methods. In addition, advanced Monte\nCarlo methods are described (e.g., the Wolff cluster algorithm and parallel\ntempering Monte Carlo) and illustrated with nontrivial models from the physics\nof glassy systems. Finally, we outline an approach to study rare events using a\nMonte Carlo sampling with a guiding function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical-mechanical formulation of Lyapunov exponents: We show how the Lyapunov exponents of a dynamic system can in general be\nexpressed in terms of the free energy of a (non-Hermitian) quantum many-body\nproblem. This puts their study as a problem of statistical mechanics, whose\nintuitive concepts and techniques of approximation can hence be borrowed.",
        "positive": "Dynamic critical behavior of failure and plastic deformation in the\n  random fiber bundle model: The random fiber bundle (RFB) model, with the strength of the fibers\ndistributed uniformly within a finite interval, is studied under the assumption\nof global load sharing among all unbroken fibers of the bundle. At any fixed\nvalue of the applied stress (load per fiber initially present in the bundle),\nthe fraction of fibers that remain unbroken at successive time steps is shown\nto follow simple recurrence relations. The model is found to have stable fixed\npoint for applied stress in the range 0 and 1; beyond which total failure of\nthe bundle takes place discontinuously. The dynamic critical behavior near this\nfailure point has been studied for this model analysing the recurrence\nrelations. We also investigated the finite size scaling behavior. At the\ncritical point one finds strict power law decay (with time t) of the fraction\nof unbroken fibers. The avalanche size distribution for this mean-field\ndynamics of failure has been studied. The elastic response of the RFB model has\nalso been studied analytically for a specific probability distribution of fiber\nstrengths, where the bundle shows plastic behavior before complete failure,\nfollowing an initial linear response."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boundary effects in reaction-diffusion processes: The effects of a boundary on reaction systems are examined in the framework\nof the general single-species reaction/coalescence process. The boundary\nnaturally represents the reactants' container, but is applicable to exciton\ndynamics in a doped TMMC crystal. We show that a density excess, which extends\ninto the system diffusively from the boundary, is formed in two dimensions and\nbelow. This implies a surprising result for the magnetisation near a fixed spin\nin the coarsening of the one-dimensional critical Ising model. The universal,\ndimensionally-dependent functional forms of this density excess are given by an\nexact solution and the field-theoretic renormalisation group.",
        "positive": "Binary data corruption due to a Brownian agent II: two dimensions,\n  competing agents, and generalized couplings: This work is a continuation of our previous investigation of binary data\ncorruption due to a Brownian agent [T. J. Newman and W. Triampo, preprint\ncond-mat/9811237]. We extend our study in three main directions which allow us\nto make closer contact with real bistable systems. These are i) a detailed\nanalysis of two dimensions, ii) the case of competing agents, and iii) the\ncases of asymmetric and quenched random couplings. Most of our results are\nobtained by extending our original phenomenological model, and are supported by\nextensive numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collective shuttling of attracting particles in asymmetric narrow\n  channels: The rectification of a single file of attracting particles subjected to a low\nfrequency ac drive is proposed as a working mechanism for particle shuttling in\nan asymmetric narrow channel. Increasing the particle attraction results in the\nfile condensing, as signalled by the dramatic enhancement of the net particle\ncurrent. Magnitude and direction of the current become extremely sensitive to\nthe actual size of the condensate, which can then be made to shuttle between\ntwo docking stations, transporting particles in one direction, with an\nefficiency much larger than conventional diffusive models predict.",
        "positive": "Quasi-elastic solutions to the nonlinear Boltzmann equation for\n  dissipative gases: The solutions of the one-dimensional homogeneous nonlinear Boltzmann equation\nare studied in the QE-limit (Quasi-Elastic; infinitesimal dissipation) by a\ncombination of analytical and numerical techniques. Their behavior at large\nvelocities differs qualitatively from that for higher dimensional systems. In\nour generic model, a dissipative fluid is maintained in a non-equilibrium\nsteady state by a stochastic or deterministic driving force. The velocity\ndistribution for stochastic driving is regular and for infinitesimal\ndissipation, has a stretched exponential tail, with an unusual stretching\nexponent $b_{QE} = 2b$, twice as large as the standard one for the\ncorresponding $d$-dimensional system at finite dissipation. For deterministic\ndriving the behavior is more subtle and displays singularities, such as\nmulti-peaked velocity distribution functions. We classify the corresponding\nvelocity distributions according to the nature and scaling behavior of such\nsingularities."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Estimate of the free energy difference in mechanical systems from work\n  fluctuations: experiments and models: The work fluctuations of an oscillator in contact with a heat reservoir and\ndriven out of equilibrium by an external force are studied experimentally. The\noscillator dynamics is modeled by a Langevin equation. We find both\nexperimentally and theoretically that, if the driving force does not change the\nequilibrium properties of the thermal fluctuations of this mechanical system,\nthe free energy difference $\\Delta F$ between two equilibrium states can be\nexactly computed using the Jarzynski equality (JE) and the Crooks relation (CR)\n\\cite{jarzynski1, crooks1, jarzynski2}, independently of the time scale and\namplitude of the driving force. The applicability limits for the JE and CR at\nvery large driving forces are discussed. Finally, when the work fluctuations\nare Gaussian, we propose an alternative empirical method to compute $\\Delta F$\nwhich can be safely applied, even in cases where the JE and CR might not hold.\nThe results of this paper are useful to compute $\\Delta F$ in complex systems\nsuch as the biological ones.",
        "positive": "Critical behaviour near critical end points and tricritical points in\n  disordered spin-1 ferromagnets: Critical end points and tricritical points are multicritical points that\nseparate lines of continuous transitions from lines of first order transitions\nin the phase diagram of many systems. In models like the spin-1 disordered\nBlume-Capel model and the repulsive Blume-Emery-Griffiths model, the\ntricritical point splits into a critical end point and a bicritical end point\nwith an increase in disorder and repulsive coupling strength respectively. In\norder to make a distinction between these two multicritical points, we\ninvestigate and contrast the behaviour of the first order phase boundary and\nthe co-existence diameter around them."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Discussion on Peshkov et al., \"Boltzmann-Ginzburg-Landau approach for\n  continuous descriptions of generic Vicsek-like models\": A discussion on the contribution of Peshkov, Bertin, Ginelli and Chate,\narxiv:1404.3275v1, in this special issue.",
        "positive": "Mixed Order Phase Transitions: Mixed order phase transitions are transitions which have common features with\nboth first order and second order transitions. I review some results obtained\nin the context of one of the prototypical models of mixed order transitions,\nthe one-dimensional Ising model with long-range coupling that decays as\ntruncated inverse square distance between spins. The correspondence between\nthis model and the Poland Scheraga model of DNA denaturation, a subject to\nwhich Michael Fisher made substantial contribution, is then outlined."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coalescense with arbitrary-parameter kernels and monodisperse initial\n  conditions: A study within combinatorial framework: For this work, we studied a finite system of discreet-size aggregating\nparticles for two types of kernels with arbitrary parameters, a condensation\n(or branched-chain polymerization) kernel, $K(i,j)=(A+i)(A+j)$, and a linear\ncombination of the constant and additive kernels, $K(i,j)=A+i+j$. They were\nsolved under monodisperse initial conditions in the combinatorial approach\nwhere discreet time is counted as subsequent states of the system. A generating\nfunction method and Lagrange inversion were used for derivations. Expressions\nfor an average number of clusters of a given size and its corresponding\nstandard deviation were obtained and tested against numerical simulation. High\nprecision of the theoretical predictions can be observed for a wide range of\n$A$ and coagulation stages, excepting post-gel phase in the case of the\ncondensation kernel (a giant cluster presence is preserved). For appropriate\n$A$, these two kernels reproduced known results of the constant, additive and\nproduct kernels. Beside a previously solved linear-chain kernel, they extend\nthe number of arbitrary-parameter kernels solved in the combinatorial approach.",
        "positive": "Universal phase diagram of a strongly interacting Fermi gas with\n  unbalanced spin populations: We present a theoretical interpretation of a recent experiment presented in\nref. \\cite{Zwierlein06} on the density profile of Fermi gases with unbalanced\nspin populations. We show that in the regime of strong interaction, the\nboundaries of the three phases observed in \\cite{Zwierlein06} can be\ncharacterized by two dimensionless numbers $\\eta\\_\\alpha$ and $\\eta\\_\\beta$.\nUsing a combination of a variational treatment and a study of the experimental\nresults, we infer rather precise bounds for these two parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonadiabatic Control of Geometric Pumping: We study nonadiabatic effects of geometric pumping. With arbitrary choices of\nperiodic control parameters, we go beyond the adiabatic approximation to obtain\nthe exact pumping current. We find that a geometrical interpretation for the\nnontrivial part of the current is possible even in the nonadiabatic regime. The\nexact result allows us to find a smooth connection between the adiabatic Berry\nphase theory at low frequencies and the Floquet theory at high frequencies. We\nalso study how to control the geometric current. Using the method of shortcuts\nto adiabaticity with the aid of an assisting field, we illustrate that it\nenhances the current.",
        "positive": "Zero Range Process and Multi-Dimensional Random Walks: The special limit of the totally asymmetric zero range process of the\nlow-dimensional non-equilibrium statistical mechanics described by the\nnon-Hermitian Hamiltonian is considered. The calculation of the conditional\nprobabilities of the model are based on the algebraic Bethe ansatz approach. We\ndemonstrate that the conditional probabilities may be considered as the\ngenerating functions of the random multi-dimensional lattice walks bounded by a\nhyperplane. This type of walks we call the walks over the multi-dimensional\nsimplicial lattices. The answers for the conditional probability and for the\nnumber of random walks in the multi-dimensional simplicial lattice are\nexpressed through the symmetric functions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation for random variables conditioned by the value of their sum: We revisit the problem of condensation for independent, identically\ndistributed random variables with a power-law tail, conditioned by the value of\ntheir sum. For large values of the sum, and for a large number of summands, a\ncondensation transition occurs where the largest summand accommodates the\nexcess difference between the value of the sum and its mean. This simple\nscenario of condensation underlies a number of studies in statistical physics,\nsuch as, e.g., in random allocation and urn models, random maps, zero-range\nprocesses and mass transport models. Much of the effort here is devoted to\npresenting the subject in simple terms, reproducing known results and adding\nsome new ones. In particular we address the question of the quantitative\ncomparison between asymptotic estimates and exact finite-size results. Simply\nstated, one would like to know how accurate are the asymptotic estimates of the\nobservables of interest, compared to their exact finite-size counterparts, to\nthe extent that they are known. This comparison, illustrated on the particular\nexemple of a distribution with L\\'evy index equal to $3/2$, demonstrates the\nrole of the contributions of the dip and large deviation regimes. Except for\nthe last section devoted to a brief review of extremal statistics, the\npresentation is self-contained and uses simple analytical methods.",
        "positive": "Glassy transition and metastability in four-spin Ising model: Using Monte Carlo simulations we show that the three-dimensional Ising model\nwith four-spin (plaquette) interactions has some characteristic glassy\nfeatures. The model dynamically generates diverging energy barriers, which give\nrise to slow dynamics at low temperature. Moreover, in a certain temperature\nrange the model possesses a metastable (supercooled liquid) phase, which is\npresumably supported by certain entropy barriers. Although extremely strong,\nmetastability in our model is only a finite-size effect and sufficiently large\ndroplets of stable phase divert evolution of the system toward the stable\nphase. Thus, the glassy transitions in this model is a dynamic transition,\npreceded by a pronounced peak in the specific heat."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-size scaling behavior in trapped systems: Numerical transfer-matrix methods are applied to two-dimensional Ising spin\nsystems, in presence of a confining magnetic field which varies with distance\n$|{\\vec x}|$ to a \"trap center\", proportionally to $(|{\\vec x}|/\\ell)^p$,\n$p>0$. On a strip geometry, the competition between the \"trap size\" $\\ell$ and\nthe strip width, $L$, is analysed in the context of a generalized finite-size\nscaling {\\em ansatz}. In the low-field regime $\\ell \\gg L$, we use\nconformal-invariance concepts in conjunction with a linear-response approach to\nderive the appropriate ($p$-dependent) limit of the theory, which agrees very\nwell with numerical results for magnetization profiles. For high fields $\\ell\n\\lesssim L$, correlation-length scaling data broadly confirms an existing\npicture of $p$-dependent characteristic exponents. Standard spin-1/2 and spin-1\nIsing systems are considered, as well as the Blume-Capel model.",
        "positive": "Derivation of the Langevin equation from the principle of detailed\n  balance: For a system at given temperature, with energy known as a function of a set\nof variables, we obtain the thermal fluctuation of the evolution of the\nvariables by replacing the phase-space with a lattice and invoking the\nprinciple of detailed balance. Besides its simplicity, the asset of this method\nis that it enables us to obtain the Langevin equation when the phase-space is\nanisotropic and when the system is described by means of curvilinear\ncoordinates. As an illustration, we apply our results to the\nKramer--Watts-Tobin equation in superconductivity. The choice between the\nIt\\^{o} and the Stratonovich procedures is discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian motion theory of the two-dimensional quantum vortex gas: A theory of Brownian motion is presented for an assembly of vortices. The\nattempt is motivated by a realization of Dyson' Coulomb gas in the context of\nquantum condensates. By starting with the time-dependent Landau-Ginzburg (LG)\ntheory, the dynamics of the vortex gas is constructed, which is governed by the\ncanonical equation of motion. The dynamics of point vortices is converted to\nthe Langevin equation, which results in the generalized Fokker-Planck (GFP) (or\nSmolkovski) equation using the functional integral on the ansatz of the\nGaussian white noise. The GFP, which possesses a non-Hermitian property, is\ncharacterized by two regimes called the \"overdamping\" and the \"underdamping\"\nregime. In the overdamping regime, where the dissipation is much larger than\nthe vortex strength, the GFP becomes the standard Fokker-Planck equation, which\nis transformed to the two-dimensional many particle system. Several specific\napplications are given of the Fokker-Planck equation. An asymptotic limit of\nsmall diffusion is also discussed for the two vortices system. The underdamping\nlimit, for which the vortex charge is much larger than the dissipation, is\nbriefly discussed.",
        "positive": "Entropy is in Flux: The science of thermodynamics was put together in the Nineteenth Century to\ndescribe large systems in equilibrium. One part of thermodynamics defines\nentropy for equilibrium systems and demands an ever-increasing entropy for\nnon-equilibrium ones. However, starting with the work of Ludwig Boltzmann in\n1872, and continuing to the present day, various models of non-equilibrium\nbehavior have been put together with the specific aim of generalizing the\nconcept of entropy to non-equilibrium situations. This kind of entropy has been\ntermed {\\em kinetic entropy} to distinguish it from the thermodynamic variety.\nKnowledge of kinetic entropy started from Boltzmann's insight about his\nequation for the time dependence of gaseous systems. In this paper, his result\nis stated as a definition of kinetic entropy in terms of a local equation for\nthe entropy density. This definition is then applied to Landau's theory of the\nFermi liquid thereby giving the kinetic entropy within that theory.\n  Entropy has been defined and used for a wide variety of situations in which a\ncondensed matter system has been allowed to relax for a sufficient period so\nthat the very most rapid fluctuations have been ironed out. One of the broadest\napplications of non-equilibrium analysis considers quantum degenerate systems\nusing Martin-Schwinger Green's functions\\cite{MS} as generalized of Wigner\nfunctions, $g^<$ and $g^>$. This paper describes once again these how the\nquantum kinetic equations for these functions give locally defined conservation\nlaws for mass momentum and energy. In local thermodynamic equilibrium, this\nkinetic theory enables a reasonable local definition of entropy density.\nHowever, when the system is outside of local equilibrium, this definition\nfails. It is speculated that quantum entanglement is the source of this\nfailure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An algorithm for counting circuits: application to real-world and random\n  graphs: We introduce an algorithm which estimates the number of circuits in a graph\nas a function of their length. This approach provides analytical results for\nthe typical entropy of circuits in sparse random graphs. When applied to\nreal-world networks, it allows to estimate exponentially large numbers of\ncircuits in polynomial time. We illustrate the method by studying a graph of\nthe Internet structure.",
        "positive": "Optimal Investment Horizons: In stochastic finance, one traditionally considers the return as a\ncompetitive measure of an asset, {\\it i.e.}, the profit generated by that asset\nafter some fixed time span $\\Delta t$, say one week or one year. This measures\nhow well (or how bad) the asset performs over that given period of time. It has\nbeen established that the distribution of returns exhibits ``fat tails''\nindicating that large returns occur more frequently than what is expected from\nstandard Gaussian stochastic processes (Mandelbrot-1967,Stanley1,Doyne).\nInstead of estimating this ``fat tail'' distribution of returns, we propose\nhere an alternative approach, which is outlined by addressing the following\nquestion: What is the smallest time interval needed for an asset to cross a\nfixed return level of say 10%? For a particular asset, we refer to this time as\nthe {\\it investment horizon} and the corresponding distribution as the {\\it\ninvestment horizon distribution}. This latter distribution complements that of\nreturns and provides new and possibly crucial information for portfolio design\nand risk-management, as well as for pricing of more exotic options. By\nconsidering historical financial data, exemplified by the Dow Jones Industrial\nAverage, we obtain a novel set of probability distributions for the investment\nhorizons which can be used to estimate the optimal investment horizon for a\nstock or a future contract."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temporal Correlations and Persistence in the Kinetic Ising Model: the\n  Role of Temperature: We study the statistical properties of the sum $S_t=\\int_{0}^{t}dt'\n\\sigma_{t'}$, that is the difference of time spent positive or negative by the\nspin $\\sigma_{t}$, located at a given site of a $D$-dimensional Ising model\nevolving under Glauber dynamics from a random initial configuration. We\ninvestigate the distribution of $S_{t}$ and the first-passage statistics\n(persistence) of this quantity. We discuss successively the three regimes of\nhigh temperature ($T>T_{c}$), criticality ($T=T_c$), and low temperature\n($T<T_{c}$). We discuss in particular the question of the temperature\ndependence of the persistence exponent $\\theta$, as well as that of the\nspectrum of exponents $\\theta(x)$, in the low temperature phase. The\nprobability that the temporal mean $S_t/t$ was always larger than the\nequilibrium magnetization is found to decay as $t^{-\\theta-\\frac12}$. This\nyields a numerical determination of the persistence exponent $\\theta$ in the\nwhole low temperature phase, in two dimensions, and above the roughening\ntransition, in the low-temperature phase of the three-dimensional Ising model.",
        "positive": "Stochastic Turing Patterns for systems with one diffusing species: The problem of pattern formation in a generic two species reaction--diffusion\nmodel is studied, under the hypothesis that only one species can diffuse. For\nsuch a system, the classical Turing instability cannot take place. At variance,\nby working in the generalized setting of a stochastic formulation to the\ninspected problem, Turing like patterns can develop, seeded by finite size\ncorrections. General conditions are given for the stochastic Turing patterns to\noccur. The predictions of the theory are tested for a specific case study."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rate Equations and Scaling in Pulsed Laser Deposition: We study a simplified model for pulsed laser deposition [Phys. Rev. Lett.\n{\\bf 87}, 135701 (2001)] by rate equations. We consider a set of equations,\nwhere islands are assumed to be point-like, as well as an improved one that\ntakes the size of the islands into account. The first set of equations is\nsolved exactly but its predictive power is restricted to a few pulses. The\nimproved set of equations is integrated numerically, is in excellent agreement\nwith simulations, and fully accounts for the crossover from continuous to\npulsed deposition. Moreover, we analyze the scaling of the nucleation density\nand show numerical results indicating that a previously observed logarithmic\nscaling does not apply.",
        "positive": "On the kernel of tree incidence matrices: We study the height of the delta peak at 0 in the spectrum of random tree\nincidence matrices. We show that the average fraction of the spectrum occupied\nby the eigenvalue 0 in a large random tree is asymptotic to 2x-1 =\n0.1342865808195677459999... where x is the unique real root of x = exp(-x). For\nfinite trees, we give a closed form, a generating function, and an asymptotic\nestimate for the sequence 1,0,3,8,135,1164,21035,.... of the total multiplicity\nof the eigenvalue 0 in the set of n^{n-2} tree incidence matrices of size n>0."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Continuous and discontinuous transitions in generalized p-spin glass\n  models: We investigate the generalized p-spin models that contain arbitrary diagonal\noperators U with no reflection symmetry. We derive general equations that give\nan opportunity to uncover the behavior of the system near the glass transition\nat different (continuous) p. The quadrupole glass with J=1 is considered as an\nillustrating example. It is shown that the crossover from continuous to\ndiscontinuous glass transition to one-step replica breaking solution takes\nplace at p=3.3 for this model. For p <2+\\Delta p, where \\Delta p= 0.5 is a\nfinite value, stable 1RSB-solution disappears. This behaviour is strongly\ndifferent from that of the p-spin Ising glass model.",
        "positive": "Bethe Equation of $\u03c4^{(2)}$-model and Eigenvalues of Finite-size\n  Transfer Matrix of Chiral Potts Model with Alternating Rapidities: We establish the Bethe equation of the $\\tau^{(2)}$-model in the $N$-state\nchiral Potts model (including the degenerate selfdual cases) with alternating\nvertical rapidities. The eigenvalues of a finite-size transfer matrix of the\nchiral Potts model are computed by use of functional relations. The\nsignificance of the \"alternating superintegrable\" case of the chiral Potts\nmodel is discussed, and the degeneracy of $\\tau^{(2)}$-model found as in the\nhomogeneous superintegrable chiral Potts model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic equation for the erosion of inclined topography: We present a stochastic equation to model the erosion of topography with\nfixed inclination. The inclination causes the erosion to be anisotropic. A\nzero-order consequence of the anisotropy is the dependence of the prefactor of\nthe surface height-height correlations on direction. The lowest higher-order\ncontribution from the anisotropy is studied by applying the dynamic\nrenormalization group. In this case, assuming an inhomogenous distribution of\nsoil material, we find a one-loop estimate of the roughness exponents. The\npredicted exponents are in good agreement with new measurements made from\nseafloor topography.",
        "positive": "Quantum critical behavior of the quantum Ising model on fractal lattices: I study the properties of the quantum critical point of the transverse-field\nquantum Ising model on various fractal lattices such as the Sierpi\\'nski\ncarpet, Sierpi\\'nski gasket, and Sierpi\\'nski tetrahedron. Using a\ncontinuous-time quantum Monte Carlo simulation method and the finite-size\nscaling analysis, I identify the quantum critical point and investigate its\nscaling properties. Among others, I calculate the dynamic critical exponent and\nfind that it is greater than one for all three structures. The fact that it\ndeviates from one is a direct consequence of the fractal structures not being\ninteger-dimensional regular lattices. Other critical exponents are also\ncalculated. The exponents are different from those of the classical critical\npoint, and satisfy the quantum scaling relation, thus confirming that I have\nindeed found the quantum critical point. I find that the Sierpi\\'nski\ntetrahedron, of which the dimension is exactly two, belongs to a different\nuniversality class than that of the two-dimensional square lattice. I conclude\nthat the critical exponents depend on more details of the structure than just\nthe dimension and the symmetry."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality in the onset of quantum chaos in many-body systems: We show that the onset of quantum chaos at infinite temperature in two\nmany-body one-dimensional lattice models, the perturbed spin-1/2 XXZ and\nAnderson models, is characterized by universal behavior. Specifically, we show\nthat the onset of quantum chaos is marked by maxima of the typical fidelity\nsusceptibilities that scale with the square of the inverse average level\nspacing, saturating their upper bound, and that the strength of the\nintegrability- or localization-breaking perturbation at these maxima decreases\nwith increasing system size. We also show that the spectral function below the\n``Thouless'' energy (in the quantum-chaotic regime) diverges when approaching\nthose maxima. Our results suggest that, in the thermodynamic limit, arbitrarily\nsmall integrability- or localization-breaking perturbations result in quantum\nchaos in the many-body quantum systems studied here.",
        "positive": "Vortex-Phonon Interaction in the Kosterlitz-Thouless Theory: The \"canonical\" variables of the Kosterlitz-Thouless theory--fields\n$\\Phi_0({\\bf r})$ and $\\phi({\\bf r})$, generally believed to stand for vortices\nand phonons (or their XY equivalents, like spin waves, etc.) turn out to be\nneither vortices and phonons, nor, strictly speaking, {\\it canonical}\nvariables. The latter fact explains paradoxes of (i) absence of interaction\nbetween $\\Phi_0$ and $\\phi$, and (ii) non-physical contribution of small vortex\npairs to long-range phase correlations. We resolve the paradoxes by explicitly\nrelating $\\Phi_0$ and $\\phi$ to canonical vortex-pair and phonon variables."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "When do generalized entropies apply? How phase space volume determines\n  entropy: We show how the dependence of phase space volume $\\Omega(N)$ of a classical\nsystem on its size $N$ uniquely determines its extensive entropy. We give a\nconcise criterion when this entropy is not of Boltzmann-Gibbs type but has to\nassume a {\\em generalized} (non-additive) form. We show that generalized\nentropies can only exist when the dynamically (statistically) relevant fraction\nof degrees of freedom in the system vanishes in the thermodynamic limit. These\nare systems where the bulk of the degrees of freedom is frozen and is\npractically statistically inactive. Systems governed by generalized entropies\nare therefore systems whose phase space volume effectively collapses to a\nlower-dimensional 'surface'. We explicitly illustrate the situation for\nbinomial processes and argue that generalized entropies could be relevant for\nself organized critical systems such as sand piles, for spin systems which form\nmeta-structures such as vortices, domains, instantons, etc., and for problems\nassociated with anomalous diffusion.",
        "positive": "Coexistence of long-range order for two observables at finite\n  temperatures: We give a criterion for the simultaneous existence or non existence of two\nlong-range orders for two observables, at finite temperatures, for quantum\nlattice many body systems. Our analysis extends previous results of G.-S. Tian\nlimited to the ground state of similar models. The proof involves an inequality\nof Dyson-Lieb-Simon which connects the Duhamel two-point function to the usual\ncorrelation function. An application to the special case of the Holstein model\nis discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation induced forces in critical films with disorder at their\n  surfaces: We investigate the effect of quenched surface disorder on effective\ninteractions between two planar surfaces immersed in fluids which are near\ncriticality and belong to the Ising bulk universality class. We consider the\ncase that, in the absence of random surface fields, the surfaces of the film\nbelong to the surface universality class of the so-called ordinary transition.\nWe find analytically that in the linear weak-coupling regime, i.e., upon\nincluding the mean-field contribution and Gaussian fluctuations, the presence\nof random surface fields with zero mean leads to an attractive,\ndisorder-induced contribution to the critical Casimir interactions between the\ntwo confining surfaces. Our analytical, field-theoretic results are compared\nwith corresponding Monte Carlo simulation data.",
        "positive": "Quotient Maps and Configuration Spaces of Hard Disks: Hard disks systems are often considered as prototypes for simple fluids. In a\nstatistical mechanics context, the hard disk configuration space is generally\nquotiented by the action of various symmetry groups. The changes in the\ntopological and geometric properties of the configuration spaces effected by\nsuch quotient maps are studied for small numbers of disks on a square and\nhexagonal torus. A metric is defined on the configuration space and the various\nquotient spaces that respects the desired symmetries. This is used to construct\nexplicit triangulations of the configuration spaces as $\\alpha$-complexes.\nCritical points in a configuration space are associated with changes in the\ntopology as a function of disk radius, are conjectured to be related to the\nconfigurational entropy of glassy systems, and could reveal the origins of\nphase transitions in other systems. The number and topological and geometric\nproperties of the critical points are found to depend on the symmetries by\nwhich the configuration space is quotiented."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mpemba effect in an anisotropically driven granular gas: We demonstrate the existence, as well as determine the conditions, of a\nMpemba effect - a counterintuitive phenomenon where a hotter system\nequilibrates faster than a cooler system when quenched to a cold temperature -\nin anisotropically driven granular gases. In contrast to earlier studies of\nMpemba effect in granular systems, the initial states are stationary, making it\na suitable system to experimentally study the effect. Our theoretical\npredictions for the regular, inverse and strong Mpemba effects agree well with\nresults of event-driven molecular dynamics simulations of hard discs.",
        "positive": "Density profiles in the raise and peel model with and without a wall.\n  Physics and combinatorics: We consider the raise and peel model of a one-dimensional fluctuating\ninterface in the presence of an attractive wall. The model can also describe a\npair annihilation process in a disordered unquenched media with a source at one\nend of the system. For the stationary states, several density profiles are\nstudied using Monte Carlo simulations. We point out a deep connection between\nsome profiles seen in the presence of the wall and in its absence. Our results\nare discussed in the context of conformal invariance ($c = 0$ theory). We\ndiscover some unexpected values for the critical exponents, which were obtained\nusing combinatorial methods.\n  We have solved known (Pascal's hexagon) and new (split-hexagon) bilinear\nrecurrence relations. The solutions of these equations are interesting on their\nown since they give information on certain classes of alternating sign\nmatrices."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random pure states: quantifying bipartite entanglement beyond the linear\n  statistics: We analyze the properties of entangled random pure states of a quantum system\npartitioned into two smaller subsystems of dimensions $N$ and $M$. Framing the\nproblem in terms of random matrices with a fixed-trace constraint, we\nestablish, for arbitrary $N \\leq M$, a general relation between the $n$-point\ndensities and the cross-moments of the eigenvalues of the reduced density\nmatrix, i.e. the so-called Schmidt eigenvalues, and the analogous functionals\nof the eigenvalues of the Wishart-Laguerre ensemble of the random matrix\ntheory. This allows us to derive explicit expressions for two-level densities,\nand also an exact expression for the variance of von Neumann entropy at finite\n$N,M$. Then we focus on the moments $\\mathbb{E}\\{K^a\\}$ of the Schmidt number\n$K$, the reciprocal of the purity. This is a random variable supported on\n$[1,N]$, which quantifies the number of degrees of freedom effectively\ncontributing to the entanglement. We derive a wealth of analytical results for\n$\\mathbb{E}\\{K^a\\}$ for $N = 2$ and $N=3$ and arbitrary $M$, and also for\nsquare $N = M$ systems by spotting for the latter a connection with the\nprobability $P(x_{min}^{GUE} \\geq \\sqrt{2N}\\xi)$ that the smallest eigenvalue\n$x_{min}^{GUE}$ of a $N\\times N$ matrix belonging to the Gaussian Unitary\nEnsemble is larger than $\\sqrt{2N}\\xi$. As a byproduct, we present an exact\nasymptotic expansion for $P(x_{min}^{GUE} \\geq \\sqrt{2N}\\xi)$ for finite $N$ as\n$\\xi \\to \\infty$. Our results are corroborated by numerical simulations\nwhenever possible, with excellent agreement.",
        "positive": "Vortex dynamics in a three-state model under cyclic dominance: The evolution of domain structure is investigated in a two-dimensional voter\nmodel with three states under cyclic dominance. The study focus on the dynamics\nof vortices, defined by the points where three states (domains) meet. We can\ndistinguish vortices and antivortices which walk randomly and annihilate each\nother. The domain wall motion can create vortex-antivortex pairs at a rate\nwhich is increased by the spiral formation due to the cyclic dominance. This\nmechanism is contrasted with a branching annihilating random walk (BARW) in a\nparticle antiparticle system with density dependent pair creation rate.\nNumerical estimates for the critical indices of the vortex density\n($\\beta=0.29(4)$) and of its fluctuation ($\\gamma=0.34(6)$) improve an earlier\nMonte Carlo study [Tainaka and Itoh, Europhys. Lett. 15, 399 (1991)] of the\nthree-state cyclic voter model in two dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multi-target search in bounded and heterogeneous environments: a lattice\n  random walk perspective: For more than a century lattice random walks have been employed ubiquitously,\nboth as a theoretical laboratory to develop intuition of more complex\nstochastic processes and as a tool to interpret a vast array of empirical\nobservations. Recent advances in lattice random walk theory in bounded and\nheterogeneous environments have opened up opportunities to cope with the finely\nresolved spatio-temporal nature of modern movement data. We review such\nadvances and their formalisms to represent analytically the walker\nspatio-temporal dynamics in arbitrary dimensions and geometries. As new\nfindings, we derive the exact spatio-temporal representation of biased walks in\na periodic hexagon, we use the discrete Feynman-Kac equation to describe a\nwalker's interaction with a radiation boundary, and we unearth a disorder\nindifference phenomenon. To demonstrate the power of the formalism we uncover\nthe appearance of multiple first-passage peaks with biased walkers in a\nperiodic hexagon, we display the dependence of the first-transmission\nprobability on the proximity transfer efficiency between two resetting walkers\nin a one-dimensional periodic lattice, we present an example of spatial\ndisorder in a two-dimensional square lattice that strongly affects the\nsplitting probabilities to either of two targets, and we study the\nfirst-reaction dynamics in an unbounded one-dimensional lattice.",
        "positive": "The temperature dependent Boltzmann equation beyond local equilibrium\n  assumption: In this manuscript, we present a temperature dependent Boltzmann equation for\nthe particles transport through a environmental reservoir, where the\ntemperature refers to the equilibrium temperature of reservoir, a new damping\nforce and a inverse damping relaxation time are derived based on the classical\nBoltzmann equation, which have obvious influence on the external force and the\nrelaxation time of transport particles. For comparison, we also define a\nnon-equilibrium temperature for the transport particle by its distribution\nfunction out of equilibrium, which is different from the equilibrium\ntemperature of reservoir. There exist heat transfer between the transport\nparticle and the reservoir, because the whole transport particles are in\nnon-equilibrium state. Finally, we illustrate them by an example of\none-dimensional transport procedure, the damping force and the non-equilibrium\ntemperature defined by us are shown numerically."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Epidemics and immunization in scale-free networks: In this chapter we want to provide a review of the main results obtained in\nthe modeling of epidemic spreading in scale-free networks. In particular, we\nwant to show the different epidemiological framework originated by the lack of\nany epidemic threshold and how this feature is rooted in the extreme\nheterogeneity of the scale-free networks' connectivity pattern.",
        "positive": "Out-of-equilibrium generalized fluctuation-dissipation relations: We discuss fluctuation-dissipation relations valid under general conditions\neven out of equilibrium. The response function is expressed in terms of\nunperperturbed correlation functions, where contributions peculiar to\nnon-equilibrium can appear. Such extra terms take into account the interaction\namong the relevant degrees of freedom in the system. We illustrate the general\nformalism with two examples: driven granular systems and anomalous diffusion on\ncomb structures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collective in-plane magnetization in a 2D XY macrospin system within the\n  framework of generalized Ott-Antonsen theory: The problem of magnetic transitions between the low-temperature (macrospin\nordered) phases in 2D XY arrays is addressed. The system is modeled as a plane\nstructure of identical single-domain particles arranged in a square lattice and\ncoupled by the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction; all the particles possess a\nstrong easy-plane magnetic anisotropy. The basic state of the system in the\nconsidered temperature range is an antiferromagnetic (AF) stripe structure,\nwhere the macrospins (particle magnetic moments) are still involved in\nthermofluctuational motion: the superparamagnetic blocking $T_b$ temperature is\nlower than that ($T_\\text{af}$) of the AF transition. The description is based\non the stochastic equations governing the dynamics of individual magnetic\nmoments, where the interparticle interaction is added in the mean field\napproximation. With the technique of a generalized Ott-Antonsen theory, the\ndynamics equations for the order parameters (including the macroscopic\nmagnetization and the antiferromagnetic order parameter) and the partition\nfunction of the system are rigorously obtained and analysed. We show that\ninside the temperature interval of existence of the AF phase, a static external\nfield tilted to the plane of the array is able to induce first order phase\ntransitions from AF to ferromagnetic state; the phase diagrams displaying\nstable and metastable regions of the system are presented.",
        "positive": "Simulating Quantum Dissipation in Many-Body Systems: An efficient Path Integral Monte Carlo procedure is proposed to simulate the\nbehavior of quantum many-body dissipative systems described within the\nframework of the influence functional. Thermodynamic observables are obtained\nby Monte Carlo sampling of the partition function after discretization and\nFourier transformation in imaginary time of the dynamical variables. The method\nis tested extensively for model systems, using realistic dissipative kernels.\nResults are also compared with the predictions of a recently proposed\nsemiclassical approximation, thus testing the reliability of the latter\napproach for weak quantum coupling. Our numerical method opens the possibility\nto quantitatively describe real quantum dissipative systems as, e.g., Josephson\njunction arrays."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Unexpected results of the phase transitions of four-state Potts model on\n  the square and the honeycomb lattices: It is widely believed that the phase transition for the four-state\nferromagnetic Potts model on the square lattice is of the pseudo-first order.\nSpecifically, it is expected that first-order phase transition behavior is\nfound on small lattices and that the true nature of second-order phase\ntransition only emerges with large system sizes. It is also intuitively\nexpected that for other geometries, the types of the associated phase\ntransitions should be identical to that of the square lattice. However, after\nsimulating more than 16 million spins for the four-state Pott model, we observe\nthat a feature of first-order phase transition persists on the square lattice.\nAdditionally, a characteristic of second-order phase transition already appears\non a small honeycomb lattice. Indications of a pseudo-first-order phase\ntransition were not found in our investigation. This suggests that a thorough\nanalytic calculation may be required to develop a better understanding of the\npresented results.",
        "positive": "Heuristic Monte Carlo Method Applied to Cooperative Motion Algorithm for\n  Binary Lattice Fluid: The Cooperative Motion Algorithm is an efficient lattice method to simulate\ndense polymer systems and is often used with two different criteria to generate\na Markov chain in the configuration space. While the first method is the\nwell-established Metropolis algorithm, the other one is an heuristic algorithm\nwhich needs justification. As an introductory step towards justification for\nthe 3D lattice polymers, we study a simple system which is the binary equimolar\nuid on a 2D triangular lattice. Since all lattice sites are occupied only\nselected type of motions are considered, such the vacancy movements, swapping\nneighboring lattice sites (Kawasaki dynamics) and cooperative loops. We compare\nboth methods, calculating the energy as well as heat capacity as a function of\ntemperature. The critical temperature, which was determined using the Binder\ncumulant, was the same for all methods with the simulation accuracy and in\nagreement with the exact critical temperature for the Ising model on the 2D\ntriangular lattice. In order to achieve reliable results at low temperatures we\nemploy the parallel tempering algorithm which enables simultaneous simulations\nof replicas of the system in a wide range of temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Multiple Field-Induced Phase Transitions in a Geometrically-Frustrated\n  Dipolar Magnet - Gd2Ti2O7: Field-driven phase transitions generally arise from competition between\nZeeman energy and exchange or crystal-field anisotropy.\n  Here we present the phase diagram of a frustrated pyrochlore magnet Gd2Ti2O7,\nwhere crystal field splitting is small compared to the dipolar energy. We find\ngood agreement between zero-temperature critical fields and those obtained from\na mean-field model. Here, dipolar interactions couple real-space and\nspin-space, so the transitions in Gd2Ti2O7 arise from field-induced\n\"cooperative anisotropy\" reflecting the broken spatial symmetries of the\npyrochlore lattice.",
        "positive": "One-Dimensional Vertex Models Associated with a Class of Yangian\n  Invariant Haldane-Shastry Like Spin Chains: We define a class of $Y(sl_{(m|n)})$ Yangian invariant Haldane-Shastry (HS)\nlike spin chains, by assuming that their partition functions can be written in\na particular form in terms of the super Schur polynomials. Using some\nproperties of the super Schur polynomials, we show that the partition functions\nof this class of spin chains are equivalent to the partition functions of a\nclass of one-dimensional vertex models with appropriately defined energy\nfunctions. We also establish a boson-fermion duality relation for the partition\nfunctions of this class of supersymmetric HS like spin chains by using their\ncorrespondence with one-dimensional vertex models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of active fluctuations on energetics of a colloidal particle:\n  superdiffusion, dissipation and entropy production: We consider a colloidal particle immersed in an active bath and derive a\nSmoluchowski equation that governs the dynamics of colloidal particle. We\naddress this as active Smoluchowski equation. Our analysis based on this active\nSmoluchowski equation shows a short time superdiffusive behavior that strongly\ndepends on the activity. Our model also predicts a non-monotonic dependence of\nmean energy dissipation against time, a signature of activity-induced dynamics.\nBy introducing a frequency-dependent effective temperature, we show that the\nmean rate of entropy production is time dependent unlike a thermal system. The\nprime reason for these anomalies is the absence of any fluctuation-dissipation\ntheorem for the active noise. We also comment on how microscopic details of\nactivity can reverse the trends for mean energy dissipation and mean rate of\nentropy production.",
        "positive": "Landau Damping of Spin Waves in Trapped Boltzmann Gases: A semiclassical method is used to study Landau damping of transverse\npseudo-spin waves in harmonically trapped ultracold gases in the collisionless\nBoltzmann limit. In this approach, the time evolution of a spin is calculated\nnumerically as it travels in a classical orbit through a spatially dependent\nmean field. This method reproduces the Landau damping results for spin-waves in\nunbounded systems obtained with a dielectric formalism. In trapped systems, the\nsimulations indicate that Landau damping occurs for a given spin-wave mode\nbecause of resonant phase space trajectories in which spins are \"kicked out\" of\nthe mode (in spin space). A perturbative analysis of the resonant and nearly\nresonant trajectories gives the Landau damping rate, which is calculated for\nthe dipole and quadrupole modes as a function of the interaction strength. The\nresults are compared to a numerical solution of the kinetic equation by Nikuni\net al."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Lateral transport of thermal capillary waves: We demonstrate that collective motion of interfacial fluctuations can occur\nat the interface between two coexisting thermodynamic phases. Based on computer\nsimulation results for driven diffusive Ising and Blume-Capel models, we\nconjecture that the thermal capillary waves at a planar interface travel along\nthe interface if the lateral order parameter current j_op(y) is an odd function\nof the distance y from the interface and hence possesses opposite directions in\nthe two phases. Such motion does not occur if j_op(y) is an even function of y.\nA discrete Gaussian interface model with effective dynamics exhibits similiar\ntransport phenomena but with a simpler dispersion relation. These findings open\nup avenues for controlled interfacial transport on the nanoscale.",
        "positive": "Dynamical phase transition in the activity-biased fully-connected random\n  field Ising model: connection with glass-forming systems: We analyse biased ensembles of trajectories for the random-field Ising model\non a fully-connected lattice, which is described exactly by mean-field theory.\nBy coupling the activity of the system to a dynamical biasing field, we find a\nrange of dynamical phase transitions, including spontaneous symmetry breaking\ninto ordered states. For weak bias, the phase behaviour is controlled by\nextrema of the free energy, which may be local minima or saddle points. For\nlarge bias, the system tends to states of extremal activity, which may differ\nstrongly from free energy minima. We discuss connections of these results to\nrandom first-order transition theory of glasses, which motivates an extension\nof the analysis to random-field Ising models where the dynamical activity is\nnot symmetric under magnetisation reversal."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Superdiffusion of energy in a chain of harmonic oscillators with noise: We consider a one dimensional infinite chain of har- monic oscillators whose\ndynamics is perturbed by a stochastic term conserving energy and momentum. We\nprove that in the unpinned case the macroscopic evolution of the energy\nconverges to a fractional diffusion. For a pinned system we prove that energy\nevolves diffusively, generalizing some of the results of [4].",
        "positive": "Localization and universal fluctuations in ultraslow diffusion processes: We study ultraslow diffusion processes with logarithmic mean squared\ndisplacement (MSD) $\\langle x^2(t)\\rangle\\simeq\\log^{\\gamma}t$. Comparison of\nannealed continuous time random walks (CTRWs) with logarithmic waiting time\ndistribution $\\psi(\\tau)\\simeq1/(\\tau\\log^{1+\\gamma}\\tau)$ and Sinai diffusion\nin quenched random landscapes shows striking similarities, despite their very\ndifferent physical nature. In particular, they exhibit a weakly non-ergodic\ndisparity of the time and ensemble averaged MSDs. Remarkably, for the CTRW we\nobserve that the fluctuations of time averages become universal with an\nexponential suppression of mobile trajectories. We discuss the fundamental\nconnection between the Golosov localization effect and non-ergodicity in the\nsense of the disparity between ensemble and time averaged MSD."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Self-generated gradients stabilize the hydrodynamic instabilities in\n  active suspensions: Ordered phases emerged in active suspensions of polar swimmers are under\nlong-wavelength hydrodynamic mediated instabilities. In this letter, we show\nthat chemical molecules dissolved in aqueous suspensions, as an unavoidable\npart of most wet active systems, can mediate long-range interactions and\nsubsequently stabilize the ordered phases. Chemoattractant in living\nsuspensions and dissolved molecules producing phoretic forces in synthesized\nJanus suspensions are reminiscent of such molecules. Communication between\nswimmers through the gradients of such chemicals generated by individual\nswimmers, is the foundation of this stabilization mechanism. To classify the\nstable states of such active systems, we investigate the detailed phase\ndiagrams for two classes of systems with momentum conserving and non-conserving\ndynamics. Our linear stability analysis shows how the stabilization mechanism\ncan work for swimmers with different dynamical properties, e.g., pushers or\npullers and with various static characteristics, e.g., spherical, oblate or\nprolate geometries.",
        "positive": "How many phases nucleate in the bidimensional Potts model?: We study the kinetics of the two-dimensional q > 4-state Potts model after a\nshallow quench slightly below the critical temperature and above the pseudo\nspinodal. We use numerical methods and we focus on intermediate values of q, 4\n< q < 100. We show that, initially, the system evolves as if it were quenched\nto the critical temperature. The further decay from the metastable state occurs\nby nucleation of k out of the q possible phases. For a given quench\ntemperature, k is a logarithmically increasing function of the system size.\nThis unusual finite size dependence is a consequence of a scaling symmetry\nunderlying the nucleation phenomenon for these parameters."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Green's Functions: The basic mathematical properties of Green's functions used in statistical\nmechanics as well as the equations defining these functions and the techniques\nof solving these equations are reviewed. An approach is presented called the\nCorrelated Iteration Theory, which has been developed by the author. This\napproach differs from all other known variants of perturbation theory for\nGreen's functions by the combination of two factors: the systematic formulation\nof an algorithm for obtaining subsequent approximations and the consistent\nconsideration of interparticle correlations at each step of the procedure.",
        "positive": "Generalized entropy optimized by an arbitrary distribution: We construct the generalized entropy optimized by a given arbitrary\nstatistical distribution with a finite linear expectation value of a random\nquantity of interest. This offers, via the maximum entropy principle, a unified\nbasis for a great variety of distributions observed in nature, which can hardly\nbe described by the conventional methods. As a simple example, we explicitly\nderive the entropy associated with the stretched exponential distribution. To\ninclude the distributions with the divergent moments (e.g., the Levy stable\ndistributions), it is necessary to modify the definition of the expectation\nvalue."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Transitions and crossover phenomena in fully frustrated XY systems: We study the two-dimensional fully frustrated XY (FFXY) model and two related\nmodels, a discretization of the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson Hamiltonian for the\ncritical modes of the FFXY model and a coupled Ising-XY model, by means of\nMonte Carlo simulations on square lattices L x L, L=O(10^3). We show that their\nphase diagram is characterized by two very close chiral and spin transitions,\nat T_ch > T_sp respectively, of the Ising and Kosterlitz-Thouless type. At T_ch\nthe Ising regime sets in only after a preasymptotic regime, which appears\nuniversal to some extent. The approach is nonmonotonic for most observables,\nwith a wide region controlled by an effective exponent nu_eff=0.8.",
        "positive": "Parallelization of a Dynamic Monte Carlo Algorithm: a Partially\n  Rejection-Free Conservative Approach: We experiment with a massively parallel implementation of an algorithm for\nsimulating the dynamics of metastable decay in kinetic Ising models. The\nparallel scheme is directly applicable to a wide range of stochastic cellular\nautomata where the discrete events (updates) are Poisson arrivals. For high\nperformance, we utilize a continuous-time, asynchronous parallel version of the\nn-fold way rejection-free algorithm. Each processing element carries an lxl\nblock of spins, and we employ the fast SHMEM-library routines on the Cray T3E\ndistributed-memory parallel architecture. Different processing elements have\ndifferent local simulated times. To ensure causality, the algorithm handles the\nasynchrony in a conservative fashion. Despite relatively low utilization and an\nintricate relationship between the average time increment and the size of the\nspin blocks, we find that for sufficiently large l the algorithm outperforms\nits corresponding parallel Metropolis (non-rejection-free) counterpart. As an\nexample application, we present results for metastable decay in a model\nferromagnetic or ferroelectric film, observed with a probe of area smaller than\nthe total system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuations and correlations in hexagonal optical patterns: We analyze the influence of noise in transverse hexagonal patterns in\nnonlinear Kerr cavities. The near field fluctuations are determined by the\nneutrally stable Goldstone modes associated to translational invariance and by\nthe weakly damped soft modes. However these modes do not contribute to the far\nfield intensity fluctuations which are dominated by damped perturbations with\nthe same wave vectors than the pattern. We find strong correlations between the\nintensity fluctuations of any arbitrary pair of wave vectors of the pattern.\nCorrelation between pairs forming 120 degrees is larger than between pairs\nforming 180 degrees, contrary to what a naive interpretation of emission in\nterms of twin photons would suggest.",
        "positive": "Casimir force in the O(n -> infinity) model with free boundary\n  conditions: We present results for the temperature behavior of the Casimir force for a\nsystem with a film geometry with thickness $L$ subject to free boundary\nconditions and described by the $n\\to\\infty$ limit of the $O(n)$ model. These\nresults extend over all temperatures, including the critical regime near the\nbulk critical temperature $T_c$, where the critical fluctuations determine the\nbehavior of the force, and temperatures well below it, where its behavior is\ndictated by the Goldstone's modes contributions. The temperature behavior when\nthe absolute temperature, $T$, is a finite distance below $T_c$, up to a\nlogarithmic-in-$L$ proximity of the bulk critical temperature, is obtained both\nanalytically and numerically; the critical behavior follows from numerics. The\nresults resemble - but do not duplicate - the experimental curve behavior for\nthe force obtained for $^4$He films."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "DMRG study of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions of the 2D\n  five-state clock model: The two Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transitions of the\ntwo-dimensional 5-state clock model are studied on infinite strips using the\nDMRG algorithm. Because of the open boundary conditions, the helicity modulus\n$\\Upsilon_2$ is computed by imposing twisted magnetic fields at the two\nboundaries. Its scaling behavior is in good agreement with the existence of\nessential singularities with $\\sigma=1/2$ at the two transitions. The predicted\nuniversal values of $\\Upsilon_2$ are shown to be reached in the thermodynamic\nlimit. The fourth-order helicity modulus is observed to display a dip at the\nhigh-temperature BKT transition, like the XY model, and shown to take a new\nuniversal value at the low-temperature one. Finally, the scaling behavior of\nmagnetization at the low-temperature transition is compatible with $\\eta=1/4$.",
        "positive": "A hydrodynamic approach to non-equilibrium conformal field theories: We develop a hydrodynamic approach to non-equilibrium conformal field theory.\nWe study non-equilibrium steady states in the context of one-dimensional\nconformal field theory perturbed by the $T\\bar T$ irrelevant operator. By\ndirect quantum computation, we show, to first order in the coupling, that a\nrelativistic hydrodynamic emerges, which is a simple modification of\none-dimensional conformal fluids. We show that it describes the steady state\nand its approach, and we provide the main characteristics of the steady state,\nwhich lies between two shock waves. The velocities of these shocks are modified\nby the perturbation and equal the sound velocities of the asymptotic baths.\nPushing further this approach, we are led to conjecture that the approach to\nthe steady state is generically controlled by the power law $t^{-1/2}$, and\nthat the widths of the shocks increase with time according to $t^{1/3}$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exactly solvable nonlinear model with two multiplicative Gaussian\n  colored noises: An overdamped system with a linear restoring force and two multiplicative\ncolored noises is considered. Noise amplitudes depend on the system state $x$\nas $x$ and $|x|^{\\alpha}$. An exactly soluble model of a system is constructed\ndue to consideration of a specific relation between noises. Exact expressions\nfor the time-dependent univariate probability distribution function and the\nfractional moments are derived. Their long-time asymptotic behavior is\ninvestigated analytically. It is shown that anomalous diffusion and stochastic\nlocalization of particles, not subjected to a restoring force, can occur.",
        "positive": "Quantum heat-up operation and violation of the second law of\n  thermodynamics: Toward the formulation of the operational approach to quantum thermodynamics,\nthe heat-up operator is explicitly constructed. This quantum operation\ngenerates for a generic system an irreversible transformation from a pure\nground state at zero temperature to a state at finite temperature. The fixed\npoint analysis shows that repeated applications of the operation map from an\narbitrary state to the completely random state realized in the high-temperature\nlimit. The change of the von Neumann entropy is evaluated for a simple\nbipartite spin-1/2 system. It is shown that remarkably, the second law of\nthermodynamics may be violated along processes generated by the present quantum\noperation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pattern Formation in Growing Sandpiles with Multiple Sources or Sinks: Adding sand grains at a single site in Abelian sandpile models produces\nbeautiful but complex patterns. We study the effect of sink sites on such\npatterns. Sinks change the scaling of the diameter of the pattern with the\nnumber $N$ of sand grains added. For example, in two dimensions, in presence of\na sink site, the diameter of the pattern grows as $\\sqrt{(N/\\log N)}$ for large\n$N$, whereas it grows as $\\sqrt{N}$ if there are no sink sites. In presence of\na line of sink sites, this rate reduces to $N^{1/3}$. We determine the growth\nrates for these sink geometries along with the case when there are two lines of\nsink sites forming a wedge, and its generalization to higher dimensions. We\ncharacterize one such asymptotic patterns on the two-dimensional F-lattice with\na single source adjacent to a line of sink sites, in terms of position of\ndifferent spatial features in the pattern. For this lattice, we also provide an\nexact characterization of the pattern with two sources, when the line joining\nthem is along one of the axes.",
        "positive": "Price fluctuations from the order book perspective - empirical facts and\n  a simple model: Statistical properties of an order book and the effect they have on price\ndynamics were studied using the high-frequency NASDAQ Level II data. It was\nobserved that the size distribution of marketable orders (transaction sizes)\nhas power law tails with an exponent 1+mu_{market}=2.4 \\pm 0.1. The\ndistribution of limit order sizes was found to be consistent with a power law\nwith an exponent close to 2. A somewhat better fit to this distribution was\nobtained by using a log-normal distribution with an effective power law\nexponent equal to 2 in the middle of the observed range. The depth of the order\nbook measured as a price impact of a hypothetical large market order was\nobserved to be a non-linear function of its size. A large imbalance in the\nnumber of limit orders placed at bid and ask sides of the book was shown to\nlead to a short term deterministic price change, which is in accord with the\nlaw of supply and demand."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Collision rate ansatz for quantum integrable systems: For quantum integrable systems the currents averaged with respect to a\ngeneralized Gibbs ensemble are revisited. An exact formula is known, which we\ncall \"collision rate ansatz\". While there is considerable work to confirm this\nansatz in various models, our approach uses the symmetry of the current-charge\nsusceptibility matrix, which holds in great generality. Besides some technical\nassumptions, the main input is the availability of a self-conserved current,\ni.e. some current which is itself conserved. The collision rate ansatz is then\nderived. The argument is carried out in detail for the Lieb-Liniger model and\nthe Heisenberg XXZ chain. The Fermi-Hubbard model is not covered, since no\nself-conserved current seems to exist. It is also explained how from the\nexistence of a boost operator a self-conserved current can be deduced.",
        "positive": "Convolutional restricted Boltzmann machine aided Monte Carlo: An\n  application to Ising and Kitaev models: Machine learning is becoming widely used in analyzing the thermodynamics of\nmany-body condensed matter systems. Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) aided\nMonte Carlo simulations have sparked interest recently, as they manage to speed\nup classical Monte Carlo simulations. Here we employ the Convolutional\nRestricted Boltzmann Machine (CRBM) method and show that its use helps to\nreduce the number of parameters to be learned drastically by taking advantage\nof translation invariance. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to train\nthe CRBM at smaller lattice sizes, and apply it to larger lattice sizes. To\ndemonstrate the efficiency of CRBM we apply it to the paradigmatic Ising and\nKitaev models in two-dimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum kinetic theory: correlations and linking: Classically the kinetic theory for a perfect gas has zero spatial number\ndensity correlation between separate points because the particles are\nindependent. But the joint spatial and temporal correlation is non-zero (and\neasily calculable) because each individual particle moves in a straight line.\nThe same holds for particle flux density correlation. The equivalent 'quantum\nkinetic theory' correlations are evaluated here via Feynman paths with their\ndirect access to geometry and topology. The calculation is exact, yielding\nknown special functions, but it is quite primitive physically. No heat bath,\nand no multi-particle statistics are invoked (the gas is thus 'Boltzmann').\nFormally it reduces to path analysis of Brownian motion, in fact, of Brownian\nloops (suitably analytically continued). A check of the results is their\ncorrect classical limit. Attention is paid to the all-time-integral of the flux\ndensity correlation, with its topological significance. A particle's random\npath, in the presence of a fixed hypothetical hoop of arbitrary shape,\naccumulates a random linking number by repeatedly passing through it,\npositively or negatively. The mean is zero and the mean square is infinite,\nuninformatively. The interest lies in two separate arbitrary hoops: the linking\nnumbers are correlated, their average product grows linearly, and is calculated\nfrom the flux density correlation. For a charged particle this would produce a\ncorrelation the induced Ampere magnetic circulation around the hoops.",
        "positive": "Abstract art generated by Thue-Morse correlation functions: The Thue-Morse sequence is an aperiodically ordered infinite binary sequence.\nIt is used as a one-dimensional way to model the structure of a quasicrystal.\nFor example, taking autocorrelations of these sequences (roughly, measuring how\nsimilar a Thue-Morse sequence is to translates of itself) we can gain\nunderstanding of the diffraction patterns of quasicrystals. We generate\nabstract art images from these Thue-Morse autocorrelation functions, that\ncapture the aperiodic structure of the Thue-Morse sequence in a compelling way."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Classical Representation of a Quantum System at Equilibrium: Theory: A quantum system at equilibrium is represented by a corresponding classical\nsystem, chosen to reproduce thermodynamic and structural properties. The\nmotivation is to allow application of classical strong coupling theories and\nmolecular dynamics simulation to quantum systems at strong coupling. The\ncorrespondence is made at the level of the grand canonical ensembles for the\ntwo systems. An effective temperature, local chemical potential, and pair\npotential are introduced to define the corresponding classical system. These\nare determined formally by requiring the equivalence of the grand potentials\nand their functional derivatives. Practical inversions of these formal\ndefinitions are indicated via the integral equations for densities and pair\ncorrelation functions of classical liquid theory. Application to the ideal\nFermi gas is demonstrated, and the weak coupling form for the pair potential is\ngiven. In a companion paper two applications are described: the thermodynamics\nand structure of uniform jellium over a range of temperatures and densities,\nand the shell structure of harmonically bound charges.",
        "positive": "Enskog Theory for Polydisperse Granular Mixtures II. Sonine Polynomial\n  Approximation: The linear integral equations defining the Navier-Stokes (NS) transport\ncoefficients for polydisperse granular mixtures of smooth inelastic hard disks\nor spheres are solved by using the leading terms in a Sonine polynomial\nexpansion. Explicit expressions for all the NS transport coefficients are given\nin terms of the sizes, masses, compositions, density and restitution\ncoefficients. In addition, the cooling rate is also evaluated to first order in\nthe gradients. The results hold for arbitrary degree of inelasticity and are\nnot limited to specific values of the parameters of the mixture. Finally, a\ndetailed comparison between the derivation of the current theory and previous\ntheories for mixtures is made, with attention paid to the implication of the\nvarious treatments employed to date."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the performance and programming of reversible molecular computers: If the 20th century was known for the computational revolution, what will the\n21st be known for? Perhaps the recent strides in the nascent fields of\nmolecular programming and biological computation will help bring about the\n'Coming Era of Nanotechnology' promised in Drexler's 'Engines of Creation'.\nThough there is still far to go, there is much reason for optimism. This thesis\nexamines the underlying principles needed to realise the computational aspects\nof such 'engines' in a performant way. Its main body focusses on the ways in\nwhich thermodynamics constrains the operation and design of such systems, and\nit ends with the proposal of a model of computation appropriate for exploiting\nthese constraints.\n  These thermodynamic constraints are approached from three different\ndirections. The first considers the maximum possible aggregate performance of a\nsystem of computers of given volume, $V$, with a given supply of free energy.\nFrom this perspective, reversible computing is imperative in order to\ncircumvent the Landauer limit. A result of Frank is refined and strengthened,\nshowing that the adiabatic regime reversible computer performance is the best\npossible for any computer - quantum or classical. This therefore shows a\nuniversal scaling law governing the performance of compact computers of $\\sim\nV^{5/6}$, compared to $\\sim V^{2/3}$ for conventional computers. For the case\nof molecular computers, it is shown how to attain this bound. The second\ndirection extends this performance analysis to the case where individual\ncomputational particles or sub-units can interact with one another. The third\nextends it to interactions with shared, non-computational parts of the system.\nIt is found that accommodating these interactions in molecular computers\nimposes a performance penalty that undermines the earlier scaling result.\nNonetheless, scaling superior to that of irreversible computers can be...",
        "positive": "Frequency regulators for the nonperturbative renormalization group: A\n  general study and the model A as a benchmark: We derive the necessary conditions for implementing a regulator that depends\non both momentum and frequency in the nonperturbative renormalization group\nflow equations of out-of-equilibrium statistical systems. We consider model A\nas a benchmark and compute its dynamical critical exponent $z$. This allows us\nto show that frequency regulators compatible with causality and the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem can be devised. We show that when the Principle\nof Minimal Sensitivity (PMS) is employed to optimize the critical exponents\n$\\eta$, $\\nu$ and $z$, the use of frequency regulators becomes necessary to\nmake the PMS a self-consistent criterion."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Renormalization group approach to an Abelian sandpile model on planar\n  lattices: One important step in the renormalization group (RG) approach to a lattice\nsandpile model is the exact enumeration of all possible toppling processes of\nsandpile dynamics inside a cell for RG transformations. Here we propose a\ncomputer algorithm to carry out such exact enumeration for cells of planar\nlattices in RG approach to Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld sandpile model [Phys. Rev. Lett.\n{\\bf 59}, 381 (1987)] and consider both the reduced-high RG equations proposed\nby Pietronero, Vespignani, and Zapperi (PVZ) [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 72}, 1690\n(1994)] and the real-height RG equations proposed by Ivashkevich [Phys. Rev.\nLett. {\\bf 76}, 3368 (1996)]. Using this algorithm we are able to carry out RG\ntransformations more quickly with large cell size, e.g. $3 \\times 3$ cell for\nthe square (sq) lattice in PVZ RG equations, which is the largest cell size at\nthe present, and find some mistakes in a previous paper [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 51},\n1711 (1995)]. For sq and plane triangular (pt) lattices, we obtain the only\nattractive fixed point for each lattice and calculate the avalanche exponent\n$\\tau$ and the dynamical exponent $z$. Our results suggest that the increase of\nthe cell size in the PVZ RG transformation does not lead to more accurate\nresults. The implication of such result is discussed.",
        "positive": "On the critical exponent $\u03b1$ of the 5D random-field Ising model: We present a complementary estimation of the critical exponent $\\alpha$ of\nthe specific heat of the 5D random-field Ising model from zero-temperature\nnumerical simulations. Our result $\\alpha = 0.12(2)$ is consistent with the\nestimation coming from the modified hyperscaling relation and provides\nadditional evidence in favor of the recently proposed restoration of\ndimensional reduction in the random-field Ising model at $D = 5$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Canonical Distribution without Thermodynamic Limit: We derive the continuous canonical distribution only by requiring the\nextensivity of the mean energy and the multiplicative probabilistic composition\nrule. The derivation is independent of the thermodynamic limit and moreover it\ndoes not use the usual equal a priori probability postulate. We numerically\ndemonstrate the implications of our derivation for the free and oscillating\nmolecules.",
        "positive": "How to simulate the quasi-stationary state: For a large class of processes with an absorbing state, statistical\nproperties of the surviving sample attain time-independent values in the\nquasi-stationary (QS) regime. We propose a practical simulation method for\nstudying quasi-stationary properties, based on the equation of motion governing\nthe QS distribution. The method is tested in applications to the contact\nprocess. At the critical point, our method is about an order of magnitude more\nefficient than conventional simulation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Molecular random walks in a fluid and an invariance group of the\n  Bogolyubov generating functional equation: The problem of statistics of molecular random walks in a classical fluid is\nanalyzed by means of the BBGKY hierarchy of equations reformulated in terms of\nthe Bogolyubov evolution equation for generating functional of many-particle\ndistribution functions. A proper equivalent set of correlation functions is\nintroduced so that all they are integrable, vanish in statistical equilibrium,\notherwise accumulate statistical information about history of collisions of a\n``molecular Brownian particle'' (test molecule) with other molecules of the\nfluid. An exact evolution equation for generating functional of such\ncorrelation functions is derived. Then it is shown that time-dependent solution\nto this equation, as well as a properly defined generating functional of static\nthermodynamically equilibrium correlations, possesses invariance with respect\nto a definite group of transformations of independent variables of the\nfunctional, if density of the fluid (number of molecules per unit volume) is\ntreated as one of the independent variables. Such invariance results in\ninfinitely many exact relations between the correlation functions and\nprobability distribution of path of the molecular Brownian particle. Even\nsimplest of these relations suggest significant restrictions on a profile of\nthe path probability distribution, even without literal solving the BBGKY\nhierarchy.",
        "positive": "Derivation of the percolation threshold for the network model of\n  Barabasi and Albert: The percolation threshold of the network model by Barabasi and Albert\n(BA-model) [Science 286, 509 (1999)] has thus far only been 'guessed' based on\nsimulations and comparison with other models. Due to the still uncertain\ninfluence of correlations, the reference to other models cannot be justified.\nIn this paper, we explicitly derive the well-known values for the BA-model. To\nunderline the importance of a null model like that of Barabasi and Albert, we\nclose with two basic remarks. First, we establish a connection between the\nabundance of scale-free networks in nature and the fact that power-law tails in\nthe degree distribution result only from (at least asymptotically) linear\npreferential attachment: Only in the case of linear preferential attachment\ndoes a minimum of topological knowledge about the network suffice for the\nattachment process. Second, we propose a very simple and realistic extension of\nthe BA-model that accounts for clustering. We discuss the influence of\nclustering on the percolation properties."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Ideal Bose Gas and Blackbody Radiation in the Dunkl Formalism: Recently, deformed quantum systems gather lots of attention in the\nliterature. Dunkl formalism differs from others by containing the\ndifference-differential and reflection operator. It is one of the most\ninteresting deformations since it let us discuss the solutions according to the\neven and odd solutions. In this work, we studied the ideal Bose gas and the\nblackbody radiation via the Dunkl formalism. To this end, we made a liaison\nbetween the coordinate and momentum operators with the creation and\nannihilation operators which allowed us to obtain the expressions of the\npartition function, the condensation temperature, and the ground state\npopulation of the Bose gas. We found that Dunkl-condensation temperature\nincreases with increasing {\\theta} value. In the blackbody radiation phenomena,\nwe found how the Dunkl formalism modifies total radiated energy. Then, we\nexamined the thermal quantities of the system. We found that the Dunkl\ndeformation causes an increase in entropy and specific heat functions as well\nas in the total radiation energy. However, we observed a decrease in the\nDunk-corrected Helmholtz free energy in this scenario. Finally, we found that\nthe equation of state is invariant even in the considered formalism.",
        "positive": "On the universal properties of stochastic processes under optimally\n  tuned Poisson restart: Poisson restart assumes that a stochastic process is interrupted and starts\nagain at random time moments. A number of studies have demonstrated that this\nstrategy may minimize the expected completion time in some classes of random\nsearch tasks. What is more, it turned out that under optimally tuned restart\nrate, any stochastic process, regardless of its nature and statistical details,\nsatisfies a number of universal relations for the statistical moments of\ncompletion time. In this paper, we describe several new universal properties of\noptimally restarted processes. Also we obtain a universal inequality for the\nquadratic statistical moments of completion time in the optimization problem\nwhere stochastic process has several possible completion scenarios."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adsorption of neighbor-avoiding walks on the simple cubic lattice: We investigate neighbor-avoiding walks on the simple cubic lattice in the\npresence of an adsorbing surface. This class of lattice paths has been less\nstudied using Monte Carlo simulations. Our investigation follows on from our\nprevious results using self-avoiding walks and self-avoiding trails. The\nconnection is that neighbor-avoiding walks are equivalent to the infinitely\nrepulsive limit of self-avoiding walks with monomer-monomer interactions. Such\nrepulsive interactions can be seen to enhance the excluded volume effect. We\ncalculate the critical behavior of the adsorption transition for\nneighbor-avoiding walks, finding a critical temperature $T_{\\text a}=3.274(9)$\nand a crossover exponent $\\phi=0.482(13)$, which is consistent with the\nexponent for self-avoiding walks and trails, leading to an overall combined\nestimate for three dimensions of $\\phi_\\text{3D}=0.484(7)$. While questions of\nuniversality have previously been raised regarding the value of adsorption\nexponents in three dimensions, our results indicate that the value of $\\phi$ in\nthe strongly repulsive regime does not differ from its non-interacting value.\nHowever, it is clearly different from the mean-field value of $1/2$ and\ntherefore not super-universal.",
        "positive": "Work fluctuation theorems and free energy from kinetic theory: The formulation of the First and Second Principles of thermodynamics for a\nparticle in contact with a heat bath and submitted to an external force is\nanalyzed, by means of the Boltzmann-Lorentz kinetic equation. The possible\ndefinitions of the thermodynamic quantities are discussed in the light of the H\ntheorem verified by the distribution of the particle. The work fluctuation\nrelations formulated by Bochkov and Kuzovlev, and by Jarzynski, respectively,\nare derived from the kinetic equation. In addition, particle simulations using\nboth the direct simulation Monte Carlo method and Molecular Dynamics, are used\nto investigate the practical accuracy of the results. Work distributions are\nalso measured, and they turn out to be rather complex. On the other hand, they\nseem to depend very little, if any, on the interaction potential between the\nintruder and the bath."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Continuous time-reversal and equality in the thermodynamic uncertainty\n  relation: We introduce a continuous time-reversal operation which connects the\ntime-forward and time-reversed trajectories in the steady state of an\nirreversible Markovian dynamics via a continuous family of stochastic dynamics.\nThis continuous time-reversal allows us to derive a tighter version of the\nthermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) involving observables evaluated\nrelative to their local mean value. Moreover, the family of dynamics realizing\nthe continuous time-reversal contains an equilibrium dynamics halfway between\nthe time-forward and time-reversed dynamics. We show that this equilibrium\ndynamics, together with an appropriate choice of the observable, turns the\ninequality in the TUR into an equality. We demonstrate our findings for the\nexample of a particle diffusing in a tilted periodic potential.",
        "positive": "Macroscopic Magnetic Monopoles in a 3D-Printed Mechano-Magnet: The notion of magnetic monopoles has puzzled physicists since the\nintroduction of Maxwell's Equations and famously Dirac had hypothesized them in\nthe context of quantum mechanics. While they have proved experimentally elusive\nas elementary particles, the concept has come to describe excitations or\ntopological defects in various material systems, from liquid crystals, to Hall\nsystems, skyrmion lattices, and Bose-Einstein condensate. Perhaps the most\nversatile manifestation of magnetic monopoles as quasiparticles in matter has\nbeen in so-called spin ice materials. There, they represent violations of the\nice rule, carry a magnetic charge, and can move freely unbound. Spin ice\nemergent magnetic monopoles appear at the atomic scale in rare earth\npyrochlores or at the nano-scale in artificial spin ices systems. Here we\ndemonstrate for the first time that the notion of magnetic monopoles can be\ntransported at the macroscopic scale. We have built a mechano-magnet realized\nvia 3D-printing, that consists of mechanical rotors on which macroscopic\nmagnets can pivot. By controlling the relative height of the rotors we can\nachieve different regimes for magnetic monopoles, including the free monopole\nstate. We then explore their driven dynamics under field. In the future,\nintegration of our proof of principle in an elastic matrix can lead to novel\nmacroscopic mechano-magnetic materials, to explore unusual piezomagnetism and\nmagnetostriction, with applications to actuators and soft-robotics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Deconstructing $1/f$ noise and its universal crossover to non-$1/f$\n  behavior: Noise of stochastic processes whose power spectrum scales at low frequencies,\n$f$, as $1/f$ appears in such diverse systems that it is considered universal.\nHowever, there have been a small number of instances from completely unrelated\nfields, e.g., the fluctuations of the human heartbeat or vortices in\nsuperconductors, in which power spectra have been observed to cross over from a\n$1/f$ to a non-$1/f$ behavior at even lower frequencies. Here, we show that\nsuch crossover must be universal, and can be accounted for by the memory of\ninitial conditions and the relaxation processes present in any physical system.\nWhen the smallest frequency allowed by the experimental observation time,\n$\\omega_{obs}$, is larger than the smallest relaxation frequency,\n$\\Omega_{min}$, a $1/f$ power spectral density is obtained. Conversely, when\n$\\omega_{obs}<\\Omega_{min}$ we predict that the power spectrum of any\nstochastic process should exhibit a crossover from $1/f$ to a different,\nintegrable functional form provided there is enough time for experimental\nobservations. This crossover also provides a convenient tool to measure the\nlowest relaxation frequency of a physical system.",
        "positive": "Empirical Traffic Data and Their Implications for Traffic Modeling: From single vehicle data a number of new empirical results about the temporal\nevolution, correlation, and density-dependence of macroscopic traffic\nquantities have been determined. These have relevant implications for traffic\nmodeling and allow to test existing traffic models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality in the time correlations of the long-range 1d Ising model: The equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of ferromagnetic systems may be\naffected by the long-range nature of the coupling interaction. Here we study\nthe phase separation process of a one-dimensional Ising model in the presence\nof a power-law decaying coupling, $J(r)=1/r^{1+\\sigma}$ with $\\sigma >0$, and\nwe focus on the two-time autocorrelation function $C(t,t_w)=\\langle s_i(t)\ns_i(t_w)\\rangle$. We find that it obeys the scaling form\n$C(t,t_w)=f(L(t_w)/L(t))$, where $L(t)$ is the typical domain size at time $t$,\nand where $f(x)$ can only be of two types. For $\\sigma>1$, when domain walls\ndiffuse freely, $f(x)$ falls in the nearest-neighbour (nn) universality class.\nConversely, for $\\sigma \\le 1$, when domain walls dynamics is driven, $f(x)$\ndisplays a new universal behavior. In particular, the so-called Fisher-Huse\nexponent, which characterizes the asymptotic behavior of $f(x)\\simeq\nx^{-\\lambda}$ for $x\\gg 1$, is $\\lambda=1$ in the nn universality class\n($\\sigma > 1$) and $\\lambda=1/2$ for $\\sigma \\le 1$.",
        "positive": "Ergodicity breaking in wealth dynamics: The case of reallocating\n  geometric Brownian motion: A growing body of empirical evidence suggests that the dynamics of wealth\nwithin a population tends to be non-ergodic, even after rescaling the\nindividual wealth with the population average. Despite these discoveries, the\nway in which non-ergodicity manifests itself in models of economic interactions\nremains an open issue. Here, we shed valuable insight on these properties by\nstudying the non-ergodicity of the population average wealth in a simple model\nfor wealth dynamics in a growing and reallocating economy called Reallocating\ngeometric Brownian motion (RGBM). When the effective wealth reallocation in the\neconomy is from the poor to the rich, the model allows for the existence of\nnegative wealth within the population. We show that then, in RGBM ergodicity\nbreaks as the difference between the time-average and the ensemble growth rate\nof the average wealth in the population. In particular, the ensemble average\nwealth grows exponentially whereas the time-average growth rate is\nnon-existent. Moreover, we find that the system is characterized with a\ncritical self-averaging time period. Before this time period, the ensemble\naverage is a fair approximation for the population average wealth. Afterwards,\nthe non-ergodicity forces the population average to oscillate between positive\nand negative values since then the magnitude of this observable is determined\nby the most extreme wealth values in the population. This implies that the\ndynamics of the population average is an unstable phenomenon in a non-ergodic\neconomy. We use this result to argue that one should be cautious when\ninterpreting economic well-being measures that are based on the population\naverage wealth in non-ergodic economies."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Machine Learning as a universal tool for quantitative investigations of\n  phase transition: The problem of identifying the phase of a given system for a certain value of\nthe temperature can be reformulated as a classification problem in Machine\nLearning. Taking as a prototype the Ising model and using the Support Vector\nMachine as a tool to classify Monte Carlo generated configurations, we show\nthat the critical region of the system can be clearly identified and the\nsymmetry that drives the transition can be reconstructed from the performance\nof the learning process. The role of the discrete symmetry of the system in\nobtaining this result is discussed. A finite size analysis of the learned\nSupport Vector Machine decision function allows us to determine the critical\ntemperature and critical exponents with a precision that is comparable to that\nof the most efficient numerical approaches relying on a known Hamiltonian\ndescription of the system. For the determination of the critical temperature\nand of the critical exponent connected with the divergence of the correlation\nlength, other than the availability of a range of temperatures having\ninformation on both phases, the method we propose does not rest on any physical\ninput on the system, and in particular is agnostic to its Hamiltonian, its\nsymmetry properties and its order parameter. Hence, our investigation provides\na first significant step in the direction of devising robust tools for\nquantitative analyses of phase transitions in cases in which an order parameter\nis not known.",
        "positive": "Entanglement gap, corners, and symmetry breaking: We investigate the finite-size scaling of the lowest entanglement gap\n$\\delta\\xi$ in the ordered phase of the two-dimensional quantum spherical model\n(QSM). The entanglement gap decays as $\\delta\\xi=\\Omega/\\sqrt{L\\ln(L)}$. This\nis in contrast with the purely logarithmic behaviour as\n$\\delta\\xi=\\pi^2/\\ln(L)$ at the critical point. The faster decay in the ordered\nphase reflects the presence of magnetic order. We analytically determine the\nconstant $\\Omega$, which depends on the low-energy part of the model dispersion\nand on the geometry of the bipartition. In particular, we are able to compute\nthe corner contribution to $\\Omega$, at least for the case of a square corner."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Sznajd model of consensus building with limited persuasion: The Sznajd model, where two people having the same opinion can convince their\nneighbours on the square lattice, is modified in the sense of Deffuant et al\nand Hegselmann, that only neighbours of similar opinions can be convinced. Then\nconsensus is easy for the competition of up to three opinions but difficult for\nfour and more opinions.",
        "positive": "Jammed disks in narrow channel: criticality and ordering tendencies: A system of identical disks is confined to a narrow channel, closed off at\none end by a stopper and at the other end by a piston. All surfaces are hard\nand frictionless. A uniform gravitational field is directed parallel to the\nplane of the disks and perpendicular to the axis of the channel. We employ a\nmethod of configurational statistics that interprets jammed states as\nconfigurations of floating particles with structure. The particles interlink\naccording to set rules. The two jammed microstates with smallest volume act as\npseudo-vacuum. The placement of particles is subject to a generalized Pauli\nprinciple. Jammed macrostates are generated by random agitations and specified\nby two control variables. One is a measure of the intensity of random\nagitations at given pressure. The other is a measure of the change in\ngravitational potential energy in units of compression work when one particle\nis excited. In this two-dimensional space of variables there exists a critical\npoint. The jammed macrostate realized at the critical point depends on the path\nof approach. We describe all jammed macrostates by volume and entropy. Both are\nfunctions of the average population densities of particles. Approaching the\ncritical point in an extended space of control variables generates two types of\njammed macrostates: states with random heterogeneities in mass density and\nstates with domains of uniform mass density."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On-off intermittency over an extended range of control parameter: We propose a simple phenomenological model exhibiting on-off intermittency\nover an extended range of control parameter. We find that the distribution of\nthe 'off' periods has as a power-law tail with an exponent varying continuously\nbetween -1 and -2, at odds with standard on-off intermittency which occurs at a\nspecific value of the control parameter, and leads to the exponent -3/2. This\nnon-trivial behavior results from the competition between a strong slowing down\nof the dynamics at small values of the observable, and a systematic drift\ntoward large values.",
        "positive": "The effect of shear on persistence in coarsening systems: We analytically study the effect of a uniform shear flow on the persistence\nproperties of coarsening systems. The study is carried out within the\nanisotropic Ohta-Jasnow-Kawasaki (OJK) approximation for a system with\nnonconserved scalar order parameter. We find that the persistence exponent\ntheta has a non-trivial value: theta = 0.5034... in space dimension d=3, and\ntheta = 0.2406... for d=2, the latter being exactly twice the value found for\nthe unsheared system in d=1. We also find that the autocorrelation exponent\nlambda is affected by shear in d=3 but not in d=2."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Jamming probabilities for a vacancy in the dimer model: Following the recent proposal made by Bouttier et al [Phys. Rev. E 76, 041140\n(2007)], we study analytically the mobility properties of a single vacancy in\nthe close-packed dimer model on the square lattice. Using the spanning web\nrepresentation, we find determinantal expressions for various observable\nquantities. In the limiting case of large lattices, they can be reduced to the\ncalculation of Toeplitz determinants and minors thereof. The probability for\nthe vacancy to be strictly jammed and other diffusion characteristics are\ncomputed exactly.",
        "positive": "Inverse square Levy walk emerging universally in goal-oriented tasks: The Levy walk in which the frequency of occurrence of step lengths follows a\npower-law distribution, can be observed in the migratory behavior of organisms\nat various levels. Levy walks with power exponents close to 2 are observed, and\nthe reasons are unclear. This study aims to propose a model that universally\ngenerates inverse square Levy walks (called Cauchy walks) and to identify the\nconditions under which Cauchy walks appear. We demonstrate that Cauchy walks\nemerge universally in goal-oriented tasks. We use the term \"goal-oriented\" when\nthe goal is clear, but this can be achieved in different ways, which cannot be\nuniquely determined. We performed a simulation in which an agent observed the\ndata generated from a probability distribution in a two-dimensional space and\nsuccessively estimated the central coordinates of that probability\ndistribution. The agent has a model of probability distribution as a hypothesis\nfor data-generating distribution and can modify the model such that each time a\ndata point is observed, thereby increasing the estimated probability of\noccurrence of the observed data. To achieve this, the center coordinates of the\nmodel must be moved closer to those of the observed data. However, in the case\nof a two-dimensional space, arbitrariness arises in the direction of correction\nof the center; this task is goal oriented. We analyze two cases: a strategy\nthat allocates the amount of modification randomly in the x- and y-directions,\nand a strategy that determines allocation such that movement is minimized. The\nresults reveal that when a random strategy is used, the Cauchy walk appears.\nWhen the minimum strategy is used, the Brownian walk appears. The presence or\nabsence of the constraint of minimizing the amount of movement may be a factor\nthat causes the difference between Brownian and Levy walks."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Frustration of being Odd: How Boundary Conditions can destroy Local\n  Order: A central tenant in the classification of phases is that boundary conditions\ncannot affect the bulk properties of a system. In this work, we show striking,\nyet puzzling, evidence of a clear violation of this assumption. We use the\nprototypical example of an XYZ chain with no external field in a ring geometry\nwith an odd number of sites and both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic\ninteractions. In such a setting, even at finite sizes, we are able to calculate\ndirectly the spontaneous magnetizations that are traditionally used as order\nparameters to characterize the system's phases. When ferromagnetic interactions\ndominate, we recover magnetizations that in the thermodynamic limit lose any\nknowledge about the boundary conditions and are in complete agreement with\nstandard expectations. On the contrary, when the system is governed by\nantiferromagnetic interactions, the magnetizations decay algebraically to zero\nwith the system size and are not staggered, despite the AFM coupling. We term\nthis behavior {\\it ferromagnetic mesoscopic magnetization}. Hence, in the\nantiferromagnetic regime, our results show an unexpected dependence of a local,\none--spin expectation values on the boundary conditions, which is in contrast\nwith predictions from the general theory.",
        "positive": "Low-energy properties of two-leg spin-1 antiferromagnetic ladders with\n  commensurate external fields and their extensions: This study addresses low-energy properties of 2-leg spin-1 ladders with\nantiferromagnetic (AF) intrachain coupling under a uniform or staggered\nexternal field $H$, and a few of their modifications. The generalization to\nspin-$S$ ladders is also discussed. In the strong AF rung (interchain)-coupling\n$J_\\perp$ region, degenerate perturbation theory applied to spin-$S$ ladders\npredicts $2S$ critical curves in the parameter space $(J_\\perp, H)$ for the\nstaggered field case, in contrast to $2S$ finite critical regions for the\nuniform field case. All critical areas belong to a universality with central\ncharge $c=1$. On the other hand, we employ Abelian and non-Abelian bosonization\ntechniques in the weak rung-coupling region. They show that in the spin-1\nladder, a sufficiently strong uniform field engenders a $c=1$ critical state\nregardless of the sign of $J_\\perp$. Whereas, the staggered field is expected\nnot to yield any singular phenomena. From the bosonization techniques, new\nfield-theoretical expressions of string order parameters in the spin-1 systems\nis also proposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic dynamics of chemotactic colonies with logistic growth: The interplay between cellular growth and cell-cell signaling is essential\nfor the aggregation and proliferation of bacterial colonies, as well as for the\nself-organization of cell tissues. To investigate this interplay, we focus here\non the collective properties of dividing chemotactic cell colonies by studying\ntheir long-time and large-scale dynamics through a renormalization group (RG)\napproach. The RG analysis reveals that a relevant but unconventional\nchemotactic interaction -- corresponding to a polarity-induced mechanism -- is\ngenerated by fluctuations at macroscopic scales, even when an underlying\nmechanism is absent at the microscopic level. This emerges from the interplay\nof the well-known Keller--Segel (KS) chemotactic nonlinearity and cell birth\nand death processes. At one-loop order, we find no stable fixed point of the RG\nflow equations. We discuss a connection between the dynamics investigated here\nand the celebrated Kardar--Parisi--Zhang (KPZ) equation with long-range\ncorrelated noise, which points at the existence of a strong-coupling,\nnonperturbative fixed point.",
        "positive": "Low-Temperature Magnetization Dynamics of Magnetic Molecular Solids in a\n  Swept Field: The swept-field experiments on magnetic molecular solids such as \\Fe8 are\nstudied using Monte Carlo simulations. A kinetic equation is developed to\nunderstand the phenomenon. It is found that the simulations provide a\nquantitatively accurate account of the experiments. The kinetic equation\nprovides a similarly accurate account except at very low sweep velocities,\nwhere it fails modestly. This failure is due to the neglect of short-range\ncorrelations between the dipolar magnetic fields seen by the molecular spins.\nBoth the simulations and the kinetic equation provide a good understanding of\nthe distribution of these dipolar fields."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Web of Human Sexual Contacts: Many ``real-world'' networks are clearly defined while most ``social''\nnetworks are to some extent subjective. Indeed, the accuracy of\nempirically-determined social networks is a question of some concern because\nindividuals may have distinct perceptions of what constitutes a social link.\nOne unambiguous type of connection is sexual contact. Here we analyze data on\nthe sexual behavior of a random sample of individuals, and find that the\ncumulative distributions of the number of sexual partners during the twelve\nmonths prior to the survey decays as a power law with similar exponents $\\alpha\n\\approx 2.4$ for females and males. The scale-free nature of the web of human\nsexual contacts suggests that strategic interventions aimed at preventing the\nspread of sexually-transmitted diseases may be the most efficient approach.",
        "positive": "Critical phenomena and critical relations: We consider systems which exhibit typical critical dependence of the specific\nheat: $\\Delta c\\varpropto (T_C-T)^{-\\gamma}$ ($T<T_C$); $\\Delta c\\varpropto\n(T-T_C)^{-\\gamma ^{\\prime}}$ ($T>T_C$) where $\\gamma $,$\\gamma ^{\\prime}$ are\ncritical exponents ($\\gamma =\\alpha $ for $\\Delta c=\\Delta c_{p,N},$ $\\gamma\n=\\bar{\\alpha}$ for $\\Delta c=\\Delta c_{V,N}$), as well as, the case when\n$\\Delta c\\varpropto (\\ln \\mid T_C-T\\mid)^a$ ($% a=\\frac 13$, uniaxial\nferroelectrics; $a=1$, liquid $He^4$). Starting from the critical behaviour of\nthe specific heat we find the Gibbs (Helmholtz) potential in the vicinity of\nthe critical point for each case separately. We derive in this way many exact\ncritical relations in the limit $T\\to T_C$ which remain the same for each\nconsidered case. They define a new class of universal critical relations\nindependent from the underlying microscopic mechanism and the symmetry of these\nsystems. The derived relations are valid for a very broad class of magnetic,\nferroelectric and superconducting materials, as well as, for liquid $He^4$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Low-temperature marginal ferromagnetism explains anomalous scale-free\n  correlations in natural flocks: We introduce a new ferromagnetic model capable of reproducing one of the most\nintriguing properties of collective behaviour in starling flocks, namely the\nfact that strong collective order of the system coexists with scale-free\ncorrelations of the modulus of the microscopic degrees of freedom, that is the\nbirds' speeds. The key idea of the new theory is that the single-particle\npotential needed to bound the modulus of the microscopic degrees of freedom\naround a finite value, is marginal, that is has zero curvature. We study the\nmodel by using mean-field approximation and Monte Carlo simulations in three\ndimensions, complemented by finite-size scaling analysis. While at the standard\ncritical temperature, $T_c$, the properties of the marginal model are exactly\nthe same as a normal ferromagnet with continuous symmetry-breaking, our results\nshow that a novel zero-temperature critical point emerges, so that in its\ndeeply ordered phase the marginal model develops divergent susceptibility and\ncorrelation length of the modulus of the microscopic degrees of freedom, in\ncomplete analogy with experimental data on natural flocks of starlings.",
        "positive": "Exact Potts Model Partition Function for Strips of the Square Lattice: We present exact calculations of the Potts model partition function\n$Z(G,q,v)$ for arbitrary $q$ and temperature-like variable $v$ on $n$-vertex\nsquare-lattice strip graphs $G$ for a variety of transverse widths $L_t$ and\nfor arbitrarily great length $L_\\ell$, with free longitudinal boundary\nconditions and free and periodic transverse boundary conditions. These have the\nform $Z(G,q,v)=\\sum_{j=1}^{N_{Z,G,\\lambda}}\nc_{Z,G,j}(\\lambda_{Z,G,j})^{L_\\ell}$. We give general formulas for $N_{Z,G,j}$\nand its specialization to $v=-1$ for arbitrary $L_t$ for both types of boundary\nconditions, as well as other general structural results on $Z$. The free energy\nis calculated exactly for the infinite-length limit of the graphs, and the\nthermodynamics is discussed. It is shown how the internal energy calculated for\nthe case of cylindrical boundary conditions is connected with critical\nquantities for the Potts model on the infinite square lattice. Considering the\nfull generalization to arbitrary complex $q$ and $v$, we determine the singular\nlocus ${\\cal B}$, arising as the accumulation set of partition function zeros\nas $L_\\ell \\to \\infty$, in the $q$ plane for fixed $v$ and in the $v$ plane for\nfixed $q$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Approximate solution for Fokker-Planck equation: In this paper, an approximate solution to a specific class of the\nFokker-Planck equation is proposed. The solution is based on the relationship\nbetween the Schr\\\"{o}dinger type equation with a partially confining and\nsymmetrical potential. To estimate the accuracy of the solution, a function\nerror obtained from the original Fokker-Planck equation is suggested. Two\nexamples, a truncated harmonic potential and non-harmonic polynomial, are\nanalyzed using the proposed method. For the truncated harmonic potential, the\nsystem behavior as a function of temperature is also discussed.",
        "positive": "Disorder effects on the metastability of classical Heisenberg\n  ferromagnets: In the present work, we investigate the effects of disorder on the reversal\ntime ($\\tau$) of classical anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnets in three\ndimensions by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Starting from the pure system,\nour analysis suggests that $\\tau$ increases with increasing anisotropy\nstrength. On the other hand, for the case of randomly distributed anisotropy,\ngenerated from various statistical distributions, a set of results is obtained:\n(i) For both bimodal and uniform distributions the variation of $\\tau$ with the\nstrength of anisotropy strongly depends on temperature. (ii) At lower\ntemperatures, the decrement in $\\tau$ with increasing width of the distribution\nis more prominent. (iii) For the case of normally distributed anisotropy, the\nvariation of $\\tau$ with the width of the distribution is non-monotonic,\nfeaturing a minimum value that decays exponentially with the temperature.\nFinally, we elaborate on the joint effect of longitudinal ($h_z$) and\ntransverse ($h_x$) fields on $\\tau$, which appear to obey a scaling behavior of\nthe form $\\tau h_z^{n} \\sim f(h_x)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Canonical thermalization: For quantum systems that are weakly coupled to a much 'bigger' environment,\nthermalization of possibly far from equilibrium initial ensembles is\ndemonstrated: for sufficiently large times, the ensemble is for all practical\npurposes indistinguishable from a canonical density operator under conditions\nthat are satisfied under many, if not all, experimentally realistic conditions.",
        "positive": "How to generate the tip of branching random walks evolved to large times: In a branching process, the number of particles increases exponentially with\ntime, which makes numerical simulations for large times difficult. In many\napplications, however, only the region close to the extremal particles is\nrelevant (the \"tip\"). We present a simple algorithm which allows to simulate a\nbranching random walk in one dimension, keeping only the particles that arrive\nwithin some distance of the rightmost particle at a predefined time $T$. The\ncomplexity of the algorithm grows linearly with $T$. We can furthermore choose\nto require that the realizations have their rightmost particle arbitrarily far\non the right from its typical position. We illustrate our algorithm by\nevaluating an observable for which no other practical method is known."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Detectable inertial effects on Brownian transport through narrow pores: We investigate the transport of suspended Brownian particles dc driven along\ncorrugated narrow channels in a regime of finite damping. We demonstrate that\ninertial corrections cannot be neglected as long as the width of the channel\nbottlenecks is smaller than an appropriate particle diffusion length, which\ndepends on both, the temperature and the strength of the dc drive. Therefore,\ntransport through sufficiently narrow constrictions turns out to be sensitive\nto the viscosity of the suspension fluid. Applications to colloidal systems are\ndiscussed.",
        "positive": "Condensation of classical nonlinear waves: We study the formation of a large-scale coherent structure (a condensate) in\nclassical wave equations by considering the defocusing nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger\nequation as a representative model. We formulate a thermodynamic description of\nthe condensation process by using a wave turbulence theory with ultraviolet\ncut-off. In 3 dimensions the equilibrium state undergoes a phase transition for\nsufficiently low energy density, while no transition occurs in 2 dimensions, in\nanalogy with standard Bose-Einstein condensation in quantum systems. Numerical\nsimulations show that the thermodynamic limit is reached for systems with\n$16^3$ computational modes and greater. On the basis of a modified wave\nturbulence theory, we show that the nonlinear interaction makes the transition\nto condensation subcritical. The theory is in quantitative agreement with the\nsimulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-extensive Random Matrix Theory - A Bridge Connecting Chaotic and\n  Regular Dynamics: We consider a possible generalization of the random matrix theory, which\ninvolves the maximization of Tsallis' $q$-parametrized entropy. We discuss the\ndependence of the spacing distribution on $q$ using a non-extensive\ngeneralization of Wigner's surmises for ensembles belonging to the orthogonal,\nunitary and symplectic symmetry universal classes.",
        "positive": "Generalised Diffusion and Wave Equations: Recent Advances: We present a short overview of the recent results in the theory of diffusion\nand wave equations with generalised derivative operators. We give generic\nexamples of such generalised diffusion and wave equations, which include\ntime-fractional, distributed order, and tempered time-fractional diffusion and\nwave equations. Such equations exhibit multi-scaling time behaviour, which\nmakes them suitable for the description of different diffusive regimes and\ncharacteristic crossover dynamics in complex systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thin film growth by random deposition of linear polymers on a square\n  lattice: We present some results of Monte Carlo simulations for the deposition of\nparticles of different sizes on a two-dimensional substrate. The particles are\nlinear, height one, and can be deposited randomly only in the two, $x$ and $y$\ndirections of the substrate, and occupy an integer number of cells of the\nlattice. We show there are three different regimes for the temporal evolution\nof the interface width. At the initial times we observe an uncorrelated growth,\nwith an exponent $\\beta_{1}$ characteristic of the random deposition model. At\nintermediate times, the interface width presents an unusual behavior, described\nby a growing exponent $\\beta_{2}$, which depends on the size of the particles\nadded to the substrate. If the linear size of the particle is two we have\n$\\beta_{2}<\\beta_{1}$, otherwise we have $\\beta_{2}>\\beta_{1}$, for all other\nparticle sizes. After a long time the growth reaches the saturation regime\nwhere the interface width becomes constant and is described by the roughness\nexponent $\\alpha$, which is nearly independent of the size of the particle.\nSimilar results are found in the surface growth due to the electrophoretic\ndeposition of polymer chains. Contrary to one-dimensional results the growth\nexponents are non-universal.",
        "positive": "No Anomalous Fluctuations Exist in Stable Equilibrium Systems: An equilibrium statistical system is known to be stable if the fluctuations\nof global observables are normal, when their dispersions are proportional to\nthe number of particles, or to the system volume. A general theorem is\nrigorously proved for the case, when an observable is a sum of linearly\nindependent terms: The dispersion of a global observable is normal if and only\nif all partial dispersions of its terms are normal, and it is anomalous if and\nonly if at least one of the partial dispersions is anomalous. This theorem, in\nparticular, rules out the possibility that in a stable system with\nBose-Einstein condensate some fluctuations of either condensed or noncondensed\nparticles could be anomalous. The conclusion is valid for arbitrary systems,\nwhether uniform or nonuniform, interacting weakly or strongly. The origin of\nfictitious fluctuation anomalies, arising in some calculations, is elucidated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time-dependent Monte Carlo simulations of the critical and Lifshitz\n  points of the ANNNI model: In this work, we study the critical behavior of second order points and\nspecifically of the Lifshitz point (LP) of a three-dimensional Ising model with\naxial competing interactions (ANNNI model), using time-dependent Monte Carlo\nsimulations. First of all, we used a recently developed technique that helps us\nlocalize the critical temperature corresponding to the best power law for\nmagnetization decay over time: $\\left\\langle M\\right\\rangle _{m_{0}=1}\\sim\nt^{-\\beta /\\nu z}\\ $ which is expected of simulations starting from initially\nordered states. Secondly, we obtain original results for the dynamic critical\nexponent $z$, evaluated from the behavior of the ratio $F_{2}(t)=\\left\\langle\nM^{2}\\right\\rangle _{m_{0}=0}/\\left\\langle M\\right\\rangle _{m_{0}=1}^{2}\\sim\nt^{3/z}$, along the critical line up to the LP. Finally, we explore all the\ncritical exponents of the LP in detail, including the dynamic critical exponent\n$\\theta $ that characterizes the initial slip of magnetization and the global\npersistence exponent $\\theta _{g}$ associated to the probability $P(t)$ that\nmagnetization keeps its signal up to time $t$. Our estimates for the dynamic\ncritical exponents at the Lifshitz point are $z=2.34(2)$ and $\\theta\n_{g}=0.336(4)$, values very different from the 3D Ising model (ANNNI model\nwithout the next-nearest-neighbor interactions at $z$-axis, i.e., $J_{2}=0$)\n$z\\approx 2.07$ and $\\theta _{g}\\approx 0.38$. We also present estimates for\nthe static critical exponents $\\beta $ and $\\nu $, obtained from extended\ntime-dependent scaling relations. Our results for static exponents are in good\nagreement with previous works",
        "positive": "Testing simplified protein models of the hPin1 WW domain: The WW domain of the human Pin1 protein for its simple topology and the large\namount of experimental data is an ideal candidate to assess theoretical\napproaches to protein folding. The purpose of the present work is to compare\nthe reliability of the chemically-based Sorenson/Head-Gordon (SHG) model and a\nstandard native centric model in reproducing through molecular dynamics\nsimulations some of the well known features of the folding transition of this\nsmall domain. Our results show that the G\\={o} model correctly reproduces the\ncooperative, two-state, folding mechanism of the WW-domain, while the SHG model\npredicts a transition occurring in two stages: a collapse followed by a\nstructural rearrangement. The lack of a cooperative folding in the SHG\nsimulations appears to be related to the non-funnel shape of the energy\nlandscape featuring a partitioning of the native valley in sub-basins\ncorresponding to different chain chiralities. However the SHG approach remains\nmore reliable in estimating the $\\Phi$-values with respect to G\\={o}-like\ndescription. This may suggest that the WW-domain folding process is stirred by\nenergetic and topological factors as well, and it highlights the better\nsuitability of chemically-based models in simulating mutations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Brownian Motion - Past and Present: We discuss Brownian Motion from a more elementary viewpoint presented by\nEinstein in 1908. Later developments and applications are briefly reviewed.",
        "positive": "Snapshot spectrum and critical phenomenon for two-dimensional classical\n  spin systems: We investigate the eigenvalue distribution of the snapshot density matrix\n(SDM) generated by Monte Carlo simulation for two-dimensional classical spin\nsystems. We find that the distribution in the high-temperature limit is well\nexplained by the random-matrix theory, while that in the low-temperature limit\ncan be characterized by the zero-eigenvalue condensation. At the critical\npoint, we obtain the power-law distribution with a nontrivial exponent\n$\\alpha\\equiv(2-\\eta)/(1-\\eta)$ and the asymptotic form of the snapshot\nentropy, on the basis of the relationship of the SDM with the correlation\nfunction matrix. The aspect-ratio dependence of the SDM spectrum is also\nmentioned."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum reaction-limited reaction-diffusion dynamics of annihilation\n  processes: We investigate the quantum reaction-diffusion dynamics of fermionic particles\nwhich coherently hop in a one-dimensional lattice and undergo annihilation\nreactions. The latter are modelled as dissipative processes which involve\nlosses of pairs $2A \\to \\emptyset$, triplets $3A \\to \\emptyset$, and\nquadruplets $4A \\to \\emptyset$ of neighbouring particles. When considering\nclassical particles, the corresponding decay of their density in time follows\nan asymptotic power-law behavior. The associated exponent in one dimension is\ndifferent from the mean-field prediction whenever diffusive mixing is not too\nstrong and spatial correlations are relevant. This specifically applies to\n$2A\\to \\emptyset$, while the mean-field power-law prediction just acquires a\nlogarithmic correction for $3A \\to \\emptyset$ and is exact for $4A \\to\n\\emptyset$. A mean-field approach is also valid, for all the three processes,\nwhen the diffusive mixing is strong, i.e., in the so-called reaction-limited\nregime. Here, we show that the picture is different for quantum systems. We\nconsider the quantum reaction-limited regime and we show that for all the three\nprocesses power-law behavior beyond mean field is present as a consequence of\nquantum coherences, which are not related to space dimensionality. The decay in\n$3A\\to \\emptyset$ is further, highly intricate, since the power-law behavior\ntherein only appears within an intermediate time window, while at long times\nthe density decay is not power-law. Our results show that emergent critical\nbehavior in quantum dynamics has a markedly different origin, based on quantum\ncoherences, to that applying to classical critical phenomena, which is,\ninstead, solely determined by the relevance of spatial correlations.",
        "positive": "Scale Free Cluster Distributions from Conserving Merging-Fragmentation\n  Processes: We propose a dynamical scheme for the combined processes of fragmentation and\nmerging as a model system for cluster dynamics in nature and society displaying\nscale invariant properties. The clusters merge and fragment with rates\nproportional to their sizes, conserving the total mass. The total number of\nclusters grows continuously but the full time-dependent distribution can be\nrescaled over at least 15 decades onto a universal curve which we derive\nanalytically. This curve includes a scale free solution with a scaling exponent\nof -3/2 for the cluster sizes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An introduction to the Ginzburg-Landau theory of phase transitions and\n  nonequilibrium patterns: This paper presents an introduction to phase transitions and critical\nphenomena on the one hand, and nonequilibrium patterns on the other, using the\nGinzburg-Landau theory as a unified language. In the first part, mean-field\ntheory is presented, for both statics and dynamics, and its validity tested\nself-consistently. As is well known, the mean-field approximation breaks down\nbelow four spatial dimensions, where it can be replaced by a scaling\nphenomenology. The Ginzburg-Landau formalism can then be used to justify the\nphenomenological theory using the renormalization group, which elucidates the\nphysical and mathematical mechanism for universality. In the second part of the\npaper it is shown how near pattern forming linear instabilities of dynamical\nsystems, a formally similar Ginzburg-Landau theory can be derived for\nnonequilibrium macroscopic phenomena. The real and complex Ginzburg-Landau\nequations thus obtained yield nontrivial solutions of the original dynamical\nsystem, valid near the linear instability. Examples of such solutions are plane\nwaves, defects such as dislocations or spirals, and states of temporal or\nspatiotemporal (extensive) chaos.",
        "positive": "Crossover behavior for long reptating polymers: We analyze the Rubinstein-Duke model for polymer reptation by means of\ndensity matrix renormalization techniques. We find a crossover behavior for a\nseries of quantities as function of the polymer length. The crossover length\nmay become very large if the mobility of end groups is small compared to that\nof the internal reptons. Our results offer an explanation to a controversy\nbetween theory, experiments and simulations on the leading and subleading\nscaling behavior of the polymer renewal time and diffusion constant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Second Laws for an Information driven Current through a Spin Valve: We propose a physically realizable Maxwell's demon device using a spin valve\ninteracting unitarily for a short time with electrons placed on a tape of\nquantum dots, which is thermodynamically equivalent to the device introduced by\nMandal and Jarzynski [PNAS 109, 11641 (2012)]. The model is exactly solvable\nand we show that it can be equivalently interpreted as a Brownian ratchet\ndemon. We then consider a measurement based discrete feedback scheme, which\nproduces identical system dynamics, but possesses a different second law\ninequality. We show that the second law for discrete feedback control can\nprovide a smaller, equal or larger bound on the maximum extractable work as\ncompared to the second law involving the tape of bits. Finally, we derive an\neffective master equation governing the system evolution for Poisson\ndistributed bits on the tape (or measurement times respectively) and we show\nthat its associated entropy production rate contains the same physical\nstatement as the second law involving the tape of bits.",
        "positive": "A simple derivation of the Tracy-Widom distribution of the maximal\n  eigenvalue of a Gaussian unitary random matrix: In this paper, we first briefly review some recent results on the\ndistribution of the maximal eigenvalue of a $(N\\times N)$ random matrix drawn\nfrom Gaussian ensembles. Next we focus on the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE)\nand by suitably adapting a method of orthogonal polynomials developed by Gross\nand Matytsin in the context of Yang-Mills theory in two dimensions, we provide\na rather simple derivation of the Tracy-Widom law for GUE. Our derivation is\nbased on the elementary asymptotic scaling analysis of a pair of coupled\nnonlinear recursion relations. As an added bonus, this method also allows us to\ncompute the precise subleading terms describing the right large deviation tail\nof the maximal eigenvalue distribution. In the Yang-Mills language, these\nsubleading terms correspond to non-perturbative (in $1/N$ expansion)\ncorrections to the two-dimensional partition function in the so called `weak'\ncoupling regime."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Restoring the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in Kardar-Parisi-Zhang\n  universality class through a new emergent fractal dimension: The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation describes a wide range of growth-like\nphenomena, with applications in physics, chemistry and biology. There are three\ncentral questions in the study of KPZ growth: the determination of height\nprobability distributions; the search for ever more precise universal growth\nexponents; and the apparent absence of a fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT)\nfor spatial dimension $d>1$. Notably, these questions were answered exactly\nonly for $1+1$ dimensions. In this work, we propose a new FDT valid for the KPZ\nproblem in $d+1$ dimensions. This is done by rearranging terms and identifying\na new correlated noise which we argue to be characterized by a fractal\ndimension $d_n$. We present relations between the KPZ exponents and two\nemergent fractal dimensions, namely $d_f$, of the rough interface, and $d_n$.\nAlso, we simulate KPZ growth to obtain values for transient versions of the\nroughness exponent $\\alpha$, the surface fractal dimension $d_f$ and, through\nour relations, the noise fractal dimension $d_n$. Our results indicate that KPZ\nmay have at least two fractal dimensions and that, within this proposal, a FDT\nis restored. Finally, we provide new insights into the old question about the\nupper critical dimension of the KPZ universality class.",
        "positive": "Superstatistical analysis of sealevel fluctuations: We perform a statistical analysis of measured time series of sea levels at\nvarious coastal locations in the UK, measured at time differences of 15 minutes\nover the past 20 years. When the astronomical tide and other deterministic\ncomponents are subtracted, a stochastic signal remains which is well-described\nby a superstatistical model. We do various tests on the measured time series,\nand compare the data of 5 different UK locations. Overall it appears that\n$\\chi^2$-superstatistics is best suitable to describe the data, in particular\nwhen one looks at the dynamics of sealevel {\\em differences} on short time\nscales."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Gauge theory approach to glass transitions: This theory combines a thermodynamic approach with a dynamic one in order to\ndescribe glass transition. Glass transition is regarded as an inaccessible\nsecond order phase transition, which is interrupted because of premature\ncritical slowing down, caused by the system's frustration. The\nfrustration-induced vortices are present in the structure besides\nthermoactivated vortices, and prevent the development of the order parameter\nfluctuations, that leads to the critical slowing down the system kinetics at\nsome temperature above the phase transition point.",
        "positive": "Static point-to-set correlations in glass-forming liquids: We analyze static point-to-set correlations in glass-forming liquids. The\ngeneric idea is to freeze the position of a set of particles in an equilibrium\nconfiguration and to perform sampling in the presence of this additional\nconstraint. Qualitatively different geometries for the confining set of\nparticles are considered and a detailed comparison of resulting static and\ndynamic correlation functions is performed. Our results reveal the existence of\nstatic spatial correlations not detected by conventional two-body correlators,\nwhich appear to be decoupled from, and shorter-ranged than, dynamical length\nscales characterizing dynamic heterogeneity. We find that the dynamics slows\ndown dramatically under confinement, which suggests new ways to investigate the\nglass transition. Our results indicate that the geometry in which particles are\nrandomly pinned is the best candidate to study static correlations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Temperature transitions and degeneracy in the control of small clusters\n  with a macroscopic field: We present a numerical investigation of the control of few-particle\nfluctuating clusters with a macroscopic field. Our goal is to reach a given\ntarget cluster shape is minimum time. This question is formulated as a first\npassage problem in the space of cluster configurations. We find the optimal\npolicy to set the macroscopic field as a function of the observed shape using\ndynamic programming. Our results show that the optimal policy is non-unique,\nand its degeneracy is mainly related to symmetries shared by the initial shape,\nthe force and the target shape. The total fraction of shapes for which optimal\nchoice of the force is non-unique vanishes as the cluster size increases.\nFurthermore, the optimal policy exhibits a discrete set of transitions when the\ntemperature is varied. Each transition leads to a discontinuity in the\nderivative of the time to reach with target with respect to temperature. As the\nsize of the cluster increases, the change in the policy due to temperature\ntransitions grows like the total number of configurations and a continuum limit\nemerges.",
        "positive": "Dipolar-controlled spin tunneling and relaxation in molecular magnets: Spin tunneling in molecular magnets controlled by dipole-dipole interactions\n(DDI) in the disordered state has been considered numerically on the basis of\nthe microscopic model using the quantum mean-field approximation. In the actual\ncase of a strong DDI spin coherence is completely lost and there is a slow\nrelaxation of magnetization, described by t^{3/4} at short times. Fast\nprecessing nuclear spins, included in the model microscopically, only\nmoderately speed up the relaxation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase Transitions in a Forest-Fire Model: We investigate a forest-fire model with the density of empty sites as control\nparameter. The model exhibits three phases, separated by one first-order phase\ntransition and one 'mixed' phase transition which shows critical behavior on\nonly one side and hysteresis. The critical behavior is found to be that of the\nself-organized critical forest-fire model [B. Drossel and F. Schwabl, Phys.\nRev. Lett. 69, 1629 (1992)], whereas in the adjacent phase one finds the spiral\nwaves of the Bak et al. forest-fire model [P. Bak, K. Chen and C. Tang, Phys.\nLett. A 147, 297 (1990)]. In the third phase one observes clustering of trees\nwith the fire burning at the edges of the clusters. The relation between the\ndensity distribution in the spiral state and the percolation threshold is\nexplained and the implications for stationary states with spiral waves in\narbitrary excitable systems are discussed. Furthermore, we comment on the\npossibility of mapping self-organized critical systems onto 'ordinary' critical\nsystems.",
        "positive": "Critical neuronal avalanches in levels model under noisy drive: We consider a neuronal levels model that exhibits critical avalanches\nsatisfying power-law distribution. The model has recently explained a change in\nthe scaling exponent from 3/2 to 5/4, accounting for a change in the drive\ncondition from no input to moderate strength, along with a relaxed separation\nof time-scale between drive and dissipation. To understand the robustness of\nthe scaling features, we examine the effect of different noisy stimuli in the\nmoderate input regime. Our tool of analysis is the scaling method. We compute\nscaling functions associated with the avalanche size distribution, revealing\nstriking finite-size scaling. For a class of noisy drives, we find that the\nscaling exponent can take a value different from 5/4, with an explicit system\nsize dependence of the distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Probability distribution of (Schw\u00e4mmle and Tsallis) two-parameter\n  entropies and the Lambert W-function: We investigate a two-parameter entropy introduced by Schw\\\"{a}mmle and\nTsallis and obtain its probability distribution in the canonical ensemble. The\nprobability distribution is given in terms of the Lambert W-function which has\nbeen used in many branches of physics, especially in fractal structures. Also,\nextensivity of $S_{q,q'}$ is discussed and a relationship is found to exist\nbetween the probabilities of a composite system and its subsystems so that the\ntwo-parameter entropy, $S_{q,q'}$, is extensive.",
        "positive": "Physical origin of the power-law tailed statistical distributions: Starting from the BBGKY hierarchy, describing the kinetics of nonlinear\nparticle system, we obtain the relevant entropy and stationary distribution\nfunction. Subsequently, by employing the Lorentz transformations we propose the\nrelativistic generalization of the exponential and logarithmic functions. The\nrelated particle distribution and entropy represents the relativistic extension\nof the classical Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution and of the Boltzmann entropy\nrespectively and define the statistical mechanics presented in [Phys. Rev. E\n{\\bf 66}, 056125 (2002)] and [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf 72}, 036108 (2005). The\nachievements of the present effort, support the idea that the experimentally\nobserved power law tailed statistical distributions in plasma physics, are\nenforced by the relativistic microscopic particle dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hierarchical Structure in Financial Markets: I find a topological arrangement of stocks traded in a financial market which\nhas associated a meaningful economic taxonomy. The topological space is a graph\nconnecting the stocks of the portfolio analyzed. The graph is obtained starting\nfrom the matrix of correlation coefficient computed between all pairs of stocks\nof the portfolio by considering the synchronous time evolution of the\ndifference of the logarithm of daily stock price. The hierarchical tree of the\nsubdominant ultrametric space associated with the graph provides information\nuseful to investigate the number and nature of the common economic factors\naffecting the time evolution of logarithm of price of well defined groups of\nstocks.",
        "positive": "Dynamics at a smeared phase transition: We investigate the effects of rare regions on the dynamics of Ising magnets\nwith planar defects, i.e., disorder perfectly correlated in two dimensions. In\nthese systems, the magnetic phase transition is smeared because static\nlong-range order can develop on isolated rare regions. We first study an\ninfinite-range model by numerically solving local dynamic mean-field equations.\nThen we use extremal statistics and scaling arguments to discuss the dynamics\nbeyond mean-field theory. In the tail region of the smeared transition the\ndynamics is even slower than in a conventional Griffiths phase: the spin\nautocorrelation function decays like a stretched exponential at intermediate\ntimes before approaching the exponentially small equilibrium value following a\npower law at late times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Injected Power Fluctuations in 1D dissipative systems : role of\n  ballistic transport: This paper is a generalization of the models considered in [J. Stat. Phys.\n128,1365 (2007)]. Using an analogy with free fermions, we compute exactly the\nlarge deviation function (ldf) of the energy injected up to time $t$ in a\none-dimensional dissipative system of classical spins, where a drift is\nallowed. The dynamics are T=0 asymmetric Glauber dynamics driven out of rest by\nan injection mechanism, namely a Poissonian flipping of one spin. The drift\ninduces anisotropy in the system, making the model more comparable to\nexperimental systems with dissipative structures. We discuss the physical\ncontent of the results, specifically the influence of the rate of the Poisson\ninjection process and the magnitude of the drift on the properties of the ldf.\nWe also compare the results of this spin model to simple phenomenological\nmodels of energy injection (Poisson or Bernoulli processes of domain wall\ninjection). We show that many qualitative results of the spin model can be\nunderstood within this simplified framework.",
        "positive": "Work and heat probability distribution of an optically driven Brownian\n  particle: Theory and experiments: We analyze the equations governing the evolution of distributions of the work\nand the heat exchanged with the environment by a manipulated stochastic system,\nby means of a compact and general derivation. We obtain explicit solutions for\nthese equations for the case of a dragged Brownian particle in a harmonic\npotential. We successfully compare the resulting predictions with the outcomes\nof experiments, consisting in dragging a micron-sized colloidal particle\nthrough water with a laser trap."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical phase transitions in long-range Hamiltonian systems and\n  Tsallis distributions with a time-dependent index: We study dynamical phase transitions in systems with long-range interactions,\nusing the Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model as a simple example. These systems\ngenerically undergo a violent relaxation to a quasi-stationary state (QSS)\nbefore relaxing towards Boltzmann equilibrium. In the collisional regime, the\nout-of-equilibrium one-particle distribution function (DF) is a\nquasi-stationary solution of the Vlasov equation, slowly evolving in time due\nto finite $N$ effects. For subcritical energies $7/12<U<3/4$, we exhibit cases\nwhere the DF is well-fitted by a Tsallis $q$-distribution with an index $q(t)$\nslowly decreasing in time from $q\\simeq 3$ (semi-ellipse) to $q=1$ (Boltzmann).\nWhen the index $q(t)$ reaches a critical value $q_{crit}(U)$, the\nnon-magnetized (homogeneous) phase becomes Vlasov unstable and a dynamical\nphase transition is triggered, leading to a magnetized (inhomogeneous) state.\nWhile Tsallis distributions play an important role in our study, we explain\nthis dynamical phase transition by using only conventional statistical\nmechanics. For supercritical energies, we report for the first time the\nexistence of a magnetized QSS with a very long lifetime.",
        "positive": "Statistics of the maximum and the convex hull of a Brownian motion in\n  confined geometries: We consider a Brownian particle with diffusion coefficient $D$ in a\n$d$-dimensional ball of radius $R$ with reflecting boundaries. We study the\nmaximum $M_x(t)$ of the trajectory of the particle along the $x$-direction at\ntime $t$. In the long time limit, the maximum converges to the radius of the\nball $M_x(t) \\to R$ for $t\\to \\infty$. We investigate how this limit is\napproached and obtain an exact analytical expression for the distribution of\nthe fluctuations $\\Delta(t) = [R-M_x(t)]/R$ in the limit of large $t$ in all\ndimensions. We find that the distribution of $\\Delta(t)$ exhibits a rich\nvariety of behaviors depending on the dimension $d$. These results are obtained\nby establishing a connection between this problem and the narrow escape time\nproblem. We apply our results in $d=2$ to study the convex hull of the\ntrajectory of the particle in a disk of radius $R$ with reflecting boundaries.\nWe find that the mean perimeter $\\langle L(t)\\rangle$ of the convex hull\nexhibits a slow convergence towards the perimeter of the circle $2\\pi R$ with a\nstretched exponential decay $2\\pi R-\\langle L(t)\\rangle \\propto\n\\sqrt{R}(Dt)^{1/4} \\,e^{-2\\sqrt{2Dt}/R}$. Finally, we generalise our results to\nother confining geometries, such as the ellipse with reflecting boundaries. Our\nresults are corroborated by thorough numerical simulations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Bethe Ansatz Solution of the Asymmetric Exclusion Process with Open\n  Boundaries: We derive the Bethe ansatz equations describing the complete spectrum of the\ntransition matrix of the partially asymmetric exclusion process with the most\ngeneral open boundary conditions. For totally asymmetric diffusion we calculate\nthe spectral gap, which characterizes the approach to stationarity at large\ntimes. We observe boundary induced crossovers in and between massive, diffusive\nand KPZ scaling regimes.",
        "positive": "Profile and width of rough interfaces: In the context of Landau theory and its field theoretical refinements,\ninterfaces between coexisting phases are described by intrinsic profiles. These\nintrinsic interface profiles, however, are neither directly accessible by\nexperiment nor by computer simulation as they are broadened by long-wavelength\ncapillary waves. In this paper we study the separation of the small scale\nintrinsic structure from the large scale capillary wave fluctuations in the\nMonte Carlo simulated three-dimensional Ising model. To this purpose, a\nblocking procedure is applied, using the block size as a variable cutoff, and a\ntranslationally invariant method to determine the interface position of\nstrongly fluctuating profiles on small length scales is introduced. While the\ncapillary wave picture is confirmed on large length scales and its limit of\nvalidity is estimated, an intrinsic regime is, contrary to expectations, not\nobserved."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rheology of sheared granular particles near jamming transition: We investigate the rheology of sheared granular materials near the jamming\ntransition point. We numerically determine the values of the critical fraction\nand the exponents for the jamming transition using a finite size scaling and\nthe nonlinear minimization method known as the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm.\nThe exponents are close to our previous theoretical prediction, but there is a\nsmall discrepancy, if the critical point is independently determined.",
        "positive": "Two-dimensional gases of generalized statistics in a uniform magnetic\n  field: We study the low temperature properties of two-dimensional ideal gases of\ngeneralized statistics in a uniform magnetic field. The generalized statistics\nconsidered here are the parafermion statistics and the exclusion statistics.\nSimilarity in the behaviours of the parafermion gas of finite order $p$ and the\ngas with exclusion coefficient $g=1/p$ at very low temperatures is noted. These\ntwo systems become exactly equivalent at $T=0$. Qumtum Hall effect with these\nparticles as charge carriers is briefly discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Optimal structure and parameter learning of Ising models: Reconstruction of structure and parameters of an Ising model from binary\nsamples is a problem of practical importance in a variety of disciplines,\nranging from statistical physics and computational biology to image processing\nand machine learning. The focus of the research community shifted towards\ndeveloping universal reconstruction algorithms which are both computationally\nefficient and require the minimal amount of expensive data. We introduce a new\nmethod, Interaction Screening, which accurately estimates the model parameters\nusing local optimization problems. The algorithm provably achieves perfect\ngraph structure recovery with an information-theoretically optimal number of\nsamples, notably in the low-temperature regime which is known to be the hardest\nfor learning. The efficacy of Interaction Screening is assessed through\nextensive numerical tests on synthetic Ising models of various topologies with\ndifferent types of interactions, as well as on a real data produced by a D-Wave\nquantum computer. This study shows that the Interaction Screening method is an\nexact, tractable and optimal technique universally solving the inverse Ising\nproblem.",
        "positive": "Principle of detailed balance and a dilute gas in gravitational field: We study in this paper a dilute gas in a gravitational field and present a\nrelation of the molecular distribution function with respect to position and\nvelocity. The relation is obtained from the principle of detailed balance and\ncan be used to study temperature distribution and density distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Liquid-liquid coexistence in the phase diagram of a fluid confined in\n  fractal porous materials: Multicanonical ensemble sampling simulations have been performed to calculate\nthe phase diagram of a Lennard-Jones fluid embedded in a fractal random matrix\ngenerated through diffusion limited cluster aggregation. The study of the\nsystem at increasing size and constant porosity shows that the results are\nindependent from the matrix realization but not from the size effects. A\ngas-liquid transition shifted with respect to bulk is found. On growing the\nsize of the system on the high density side of the gas-liquid coexistence curve\nit appears a second coexistence region between two liquid phases. These two\nphases are characterized by a different behaviour of the local density inside\nthe interconnected porous structure at the same temperature and chemical\npotential.",
        "positive": "On temporal entropy and the complexity of computing the expectation\n  value of local operators after a quench: We study the computational complexity of simulating the time-dependent\nexpectation value of a local operator in a one-dimensional quantum system by\nusing temporal matrix product states. We argue that such cost is intimately\nrelated to that of encoding temporal transition matrices and their partial\ntraces. In particular, we show that we can upper-bound the rank of these\nreduced transition matrices by the one of the Heisenberg evolution of local\noperators, thus making connection between two apparently different quantities,\nthe temporal entanglement and the local operator entanglement. As a result,\nwhenever the local operator entanglement grows slower than linearly in time, we\nshow that computing time-dependent expectation values of local operators using\ntemporal matrix product states is likely advantageous with respect to computing\nthe same quantities using standard matrix product states techniques."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Population oscillations in spatial stochastic Lotka-Volterra models: A\n  field-theoretic perturbational analysis: Field theory tools are applied to analytically study fluctuation and\ncorrelation effects in spatially extended stochastic predator-prey systems. In\nthe mean-field rate equation approximation, the classic Lotka-Volterra model is\ncharacterized by neutral cycles in phase space, describing undamped\noscillations for both predator and prey populations. In contrast, Monte Carlo\nsimulations for stochastic two-species predator-prey reaction systems on\nregular lattices display complex spatio-temporal structures associated with\npersistent erratic population oscillations. The Doi-Peliti path integral\nrepresentation of the master equation for stochastic particle interaction\nmodels is utilized to arrive at a field theory action for spatial\nLotka-Volterra models in the continuum limit. In the species coexistence phase,\na perturbation expansion with respect to the nonlinear predation rate is\nemployed to demonstrate that spatial degrees of freedom and stochastic noise\ninduce instabilities toward structure formation, and to compute the fluctuation\ncorrections for the oscillation frequency and diffusion coefficient. The\ndrastic downward renormalization of the frequency and the enhanced diffusivity\nare in excellent qualitative agreement with Monte Carlo simulation data.",
        "positive": "Universality and scaling of optimal heat engines: From the steam engine to current nano-devices, the design of efficient\nthermal machines has been instrumental in modern societies. In its essence a\nthermal engine can be thought as a working substance, in contact with two or\nmore baths, undergoing a cyclic transformation. What happens if the working\nsubstance is on the verge of a phase transition? Already in 1902 the latent\nheat was identified as a key to improve the efficiency of steam engines Despite\nthis early observation, the impact of phase transitions on the performance of\nthermal machines has not been addressed. By combining the tools of\nnon-equilibrium and quantum thermodynamics with finite-size-scaling and\ninformation theory, we unveil an unnoticed mechanism, triggered by the vicinity\nto a phase transition, to boost the performance of an engine. This result sheds\nnew light on the so called power-efficiency dilemma and could be used to\nrealise powerful and, at the same time, efficient engines. Specific\nimplementations with trapped ions and superconducting nano-circuits will be\ndiscussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Real Time Simulations of Quantum Spin Chains: Density-of-States and\n  Reweighting approaches: We put the Density-of-States (DoS) approach to Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations\nunder a stress test by applying it to a physical problem with the worst\npossible sign problem: the real time evolution of a non-integrable quantum spin\nchain. Benchmarks against numerical exact diagonalisation and stochastic\nreweighting are presented. Both MC methods, the DoS approach and reweighting,\nallow for simulations of spin chains as long as $L=40$, far beyond exact\ndiagonalisability, though only for short evolution times $t\\lesssim 1$. We\nidentify discontinuities of the density of states as one of the key problems in\nthe MC simulations and propose to calculate some of the dominant contributions\nanalytically, increasing the precision of our simulations by several orders of\nmagnitude. Even after these improvements the density of states is found highly\nnon-smooth and therefore the DoS approach cannot outperform reweighting. We\nprove this implication theoretically and provide numerical evidence, concluding\nthat the DoS approach is not well suited for quantum real time simulations with\ndiscrete degrees of freedom.",
        "positive": "Interaction regimes for oppositely charged plates with multivalent\n  counterions: Within a mean field treatment of the interaction between two oppositely\ncharged plates in a salt free solution, the distance at which a transition from\nan attractive to a repulsive regime appears can be computed analytically. The\nmean field description however breaks down under strong coulombic couplings,\nthat can be achieved at room temperature with multivalent counter-ions and\nhighly charged surfaces. Making use of the contact theorem and simple physical\narguments, we propose explicit expressions for the equation of state in several\nsituations at short distances. The possibility of Bjerrum pair formation is\naddressed and is shown to have profound consequences on the interactions. To\ncomplete the picture, we finally consider the large distance limit, from which\nschematic phase diagrams discriminating attractive from repulsive regions can\nbe proposed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Algorithmic Complexity in Noise Induced Transport Systems: Time correlated fluctuations interacting with a spatial asymmetry potential\nare sufficient conditions to give rise to transport of Brownian particles. The\ntransfer of information coming from the nonequilibrium bath, viewed as a source\nof negentropy, give rise to the correlated noise. The algorithmic complexity of\nan object provides a means of quantitating its information contents. The\nKolmogorov information entropy or algorithmic complexity is investigated in\norder to quantitate the transfer of information that occurs in computational\nmodels showing noise induced transport. The complexity is measured in terms of\nthe average number of bits per time unit necessary to specify the sequence\ngenerated by the system.",
        "positive": "A stochastic opinion dynamics model with domain size dependent dynamic\n  evolution: We introduce a stochastic model of binary opinion dynamics in one dimension.\nThe binary opinions $\\pm 1$ are analogous to up and down Ising spins and in the\nequivalent spin system, only the spins at the domain boundary can flip. The\nprobability that a spin at the boundary is up is taken as $P_{up} = \\frac\n{s_{up}} {s_{up} + \\delta s_{down}}$ where $s_{up} (s_{down})$ denotes the size\nof the domain with up (down) spins neighbouring it. With $x$ fraction of up\nspins initially, a phase transition is observed in terms of the exit\nprobability and the phase boundary is obtained in the $\\delta -x$ plane. In\naddition, we investigate the coarsening behaviour starting from a completely\nrandom state; conventional scaling is observed only at the phase transition\npoint $\\delta = 1$. The scaling behaviour is compared to other dynamical\nphenomena; the model apparently belongs to a new dynamical universility class\nas far as persistence is concerned although the dynamical exponent, equal to\none, is identical to a similar model with no stochasticity."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coevolutionary dynamics on scale-free networks: We investigate Bak-Sneppen coevolution models on scale-free networks with\nvarious degree exponents $\\gamma$ including random networks. For $\\gamma >3$,\nthe critical fitness value $f_c$ approaches to a nonzero finite value in the\nlimit $N \\to \\infty$, whereas $f_c$ approaches to zero as $2<\\gamma \\le 3$.\nThese results are explained by showing analytically $f_c(N) \\simeq\nA/<(k+1)^2>_N$ on the networks with size $N$. The avalanche size distribution\n$P(s)$ shows the normal power-law behavior for $\\gamma >3$. In contrast, $P(s)$\nfor $2 <\\gamma \\le 3$ has two power-law regimes. One is a short regime for\nsmall $s$ with a large exponent $\\tau_1$ and the other is a long regime for\nlarge $s$ with a small exponent $\\tau_2$ ($\\tau_1 > \\tau_2$). The origin of the\ntwo power-regimes is explained by the dynamics on an artificially-made\nstar-linked network.",
        "positive": "Power Law Distributions in Korean Household Incomes: We investigate the distribution function and the cumulative probability for\nKorean household incomes, i.e., the current, labor, and property incomes. For\nour case, the distribution functions are consistent with a power law. It is\nalso showed that the probability density of income growth rates almost has the\nform of a exponential function. Our obtained results are compared with those of\nother numerical calculations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions in simplified models with long-range interactions: We study the origin of phase transitions in some simplified models with long\nrange interactions. For the ring model, we show that a possible new phase\ntransition predicted in a recent paper by Nardini and Casetti from an energy\nlandscape analysis does not occur. Instead of such phase transitions we observe\na sharp, although without any non-analiticity, change from a core-halo to an\nonly core configuration in the spatial distribution functions for low energies.\nBy introducing a new class of solvable simplified models without any critical\npoints in the potential energy, we show that a similar behaviour to the ring\nmodel is obtained, with a first order phase transition from an almost\nhomogeneous high energy phase to a clustered phase, and the same core-halo to\ncore configuration transition at lower energies. We discuss the origin of these\nfeatures of the simplified models, and show that the first order phase\ntransition comes from the maximization of the entropy of the system as a\nfunction of energy an an order parameter, as previously discussed by Kastner,\nwhich seems to be the main mechanism causing phase transitions in long-range\ninteracting systems.",
        "positive": "Simulation of large deviation functions using population dynamics: In these notes we present a pedagogical account of the population dynamics\nmethods recently introduced to simulate large deviation functions of dynamical\nobservables in and out of equilibrium. After a brief introduction on large\ndeviation functions and their simulations, we review the method of Giardin\\`a\n\\emph{et al.} for discrete time processes and that of Lecomte \\emph{et al.} for\nthe continuous time counterpart. Last we explain how these methods can be\nmodified to handle static observables and extract information about\nintermediate times."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universality in the dynamics of second-order phase transitions: When traversing a symmetry breaking second order phase transition at a finite\nrate, topological defects form whose number dependence on the quench rate is\ngiven by simple power laws. We propose a general approach for the derivation of\nsuch scaling laws that is based on the analytical transformation of the\nassociated equations of motion to a universal form rather than employing\nplausible physical arguments. We demonstrate the power of this approach by\nderiving the scaling of the number of topological defects in both homogenous\nand non-homogenous settings. The general nature and extensions of this approach\nis discussed.",
        "positive": "Towards a Non-extensive Random Matrix Theory: In this article the statistical properties of symmetrical random matrices\nwhose elements are drawn from a q-parametrized non-extensive statistics\npower-law distribution are investigated. In the limit as q->1 the well known\nGaussian orthogonal ensemble (GOE) results are recovered. The relevant level\nspacing distribution is derived and one obtains a suitably generalized\nnonextensive Wigner distribution which depends on the value of the tunable\nnon-extensivity parameter q. This non-extensive Wigner distribution can be seen\nto be a one-parameter level-spacing distribution that allows one to interpolate\nbetween chaotic and nearly integrable regimes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boltzmann stochastic thermodynamics: The Boltzmann kinetic equation is obtained from an integro-differential\nmaster equation that describes a stochastic dynamics in phase space of an\nisolated thermodynamic system. The stochastic evolution yields a generation of\nentropy, leading to an increase of Gibbs entropy, in contrast to a Hamiltonian\ndynamics, described by the Liouville equation, for which the entropy is\nconstant in time. By considering transition rates corresponding to collisions\nof two particles, the Boltzmann equation is attained. When the angle of the\nscattering produced by collisions is small, the master equation is shown to be\nreduced to a differential equation of the Fokker-Planck type. When the dynamics\nis of the Hamiltonian type, the master equation reduces to the Liouville\nequation. The present approach is understood as a stochastic interpretation of\nthe reasonings employed by Maxwell and Boltzmann in the kinetic theory of gases\nregarding the microscopic time evolution.",
        "positive": "On the concentration of large deviations for fat tailed distributions,\n  with application to financial data: Large deviations for fat tailed distributions, i.e. those that decay slower\nthan exponential, are not only relatively likely, but they also occur in a\nrather peculiar way where a finite fraction of the whole sample deviation is\nconcentrated on a single variable. The regime of large deviations is separated\nfrom the regime of typical fluctuations by a phase transition where the\nsymmetry between the points in the sample is spontaneously broken. For\nstochastic processes with a fat tailed microscopic noise, this implies that\nwhile typical realizations are well described by a diffusion process with\ncontinuous sample paths, large deviation paths are typically discontinuous. For\neigenvalues of random matrices with fat tailed distributed elements, a large\ndeviation where the trace of the matrix is anomalously large concentrates on\njust a single eigenvalue, whereas in the thin tailed world the large deviation\naffects the whole distribution. These results find a natural application to\nfinance. Since the price dynamics of financial stocks is characterized by fat\ntailed increments, large fluctuations of stock prices are expected to be\nrealized by discrete jumps. Interestingly, we find that large excursions of\nprices are more likely realized by continuous drifts rather than by\ndiscontinuous jumps. Indeed, auto-correlations suppress the concentration of\nlarge deviations. Financial covariance matrices also exhibit an anomalously\nlarge eigenvalue, the market mode, as compared to the prediction of random\nmatrix theory. We show that this is explained by a large deviation with excess\ncovariance rather than by one with excess volatility."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetics of random sequential adsorption of two-dimensional shapes on a\n  one-dimensional line: Saturated random sequential adsorption packings built of two-dimensional\nellipses, spherocylinders, rectangles, and dimers placed on a one-dimensional\nline are studied to check analytical prediction concerning packing growth\nkinetics [A. Baule, Phys. Rev. Let. 119, 028003 (2017)]. The results show that\nthe kinetics is governed by the power-law with the exponent $d=1.5$ and $2.0$\nfor packings built of ellipses and rectangles, respectively, which is\nconsistent with analytical predictions. However, for spherocylinders and dimers\nof moderate width-to-height ratio, a transition between these two values is\nobserved. We argue that this transition is a finite size effect that arises for\nspherocylinders due to the properties of the contact function. In general, it\nappears that the kinetics of packing growth can depend on packing size even for\nvery large packings.",
        "positive": "A multivariate multifractal model for return fluctuations: In this paper we briefly review the recently inrtroduced Multifractal Random\nWalk (MRW) that is able to reproduce most of recent empirical findings\nconcerning financial time-series : no correlation between price variations,\nlong-range volatility correlations and multifractal statistics. We then focus\non its extension to a multivariate context in order to model portfolio\nbehavior. Empirical estimations on real data suggest that this approach can be\npertinent to account for the nature of both linear and non-linear correlation\nbetween stock returns at all time scales."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal Conduction in one dimensional $\u03a6^4$ chains with colliding\n  particles: This work relaxes the assumption of point particles prevalent in the study of\nthermal transport characteristics in $\\Phi^4$ chains. The particles of the\nmodified chain, henceforth termed as the $\\Phi^{4C}$ chain, can collide with\neach other. Collisions have been modelled by adding a short-ranged soft-sphere\npotential to the Hamiltonian of the $\\Phi^4$ chain. The inclusion of\nsoft-sphere potential drastically alters the thermal transport characteristics\nwhile still satisfying the Fourier's law: at low temperatures, the temperature\nprofile has negligible boundary jumps in $\\Phi^{4C}$ chains, thermal\nconductivity of $\\Phi^{4C}$ chains is significantly smaller than $\\Phi^4$\nchains at low temperatures, at high temperatures, $\\Phi^{4C}$ chains have a\nhigher thermal conductivity than $\\Phi^4$ chains, and unlike $\\Phi^4$ chains,\nwhere thermal conductivity keeps decreasing upon increasing temperature, in\n$\\Phi^{4C}$ chains thermal conductivity abruptly decreases first and then\nincreases beyond an inversion temperature. Splitting the total heat current\ninto the contributions of the harmonic and anharmonic inter-particle forces,\nreveals that the harmonic contributions decrease with increasing temperature.\nOn the contrary, anharmonic contributions increase with rising temperature, and\nbeyond the inversion temperature they overtake the harmonic contributions.\nExploring the dynamics in Fourier space helps in identifying that the energy of\nthe lowest modes redistribute to other modes much faster in $\\Phi^{4C}$ chains\ndue to collisions. The quicker redistribution of the energy to higher modes is\nthe reason behind smaller thermal conductivity in $\\Phi^{4C}$ chains at low\ntemperatures. The proposed $\\Phi^{4C}$ chains have the features of both\nmomentum conserving as well as momentum non-conserving systems, and may become\nan important tool to study thermal transport in real-life systems.",
        "positive": "Positioning Error Probability for Some Forms of Center-of-Gravity\n  Algorithms Calculated with the Cumulative Distributions. Part I: To complete a previous paper, the probability density functions of the\ncenter-of-gravity as positioning algorithm are derived with classical methods.\nThese methods, as suggested by the textbook of Probability, require the\npreliminary calculation of the cumulative distribution functions. They are more\ncomplicated than those previously used for these tasks. In any case, the\ncumulative probability distributions could be useful. The combinations of\nrandom variables are those essential for track fitting $x={\\xi}/{(\\xi+\\eta)}$,\n$x=\\theta(x_3-x_1) (-x_3)/(x_3+x_2) +\\theta(x_1-x_3)x_1/(x_1+x_2)$ and\n$x=(x_1-x_3)/(x_1+x_2+x_3)$. The first combination is a partial form of the two\nstrip center-of-gravity. The second is the complete form, and the third is a\nsimplified form of the three strip center-of-gravity. The cumulative\nprobability distribution of the first expression was reported in the previous\npublications. The standard assumption is that $\\xi$, $\\eta$, $x_1$, $x_2$ and\n$x_3$ are independent random variables."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Driven tracer with absolute negative mobility: Instances of negative mobility, where a system responds to a perturbation in\na way opposite to naive expectation, have been studied theoretically and\nexperimentally in numerous nonequilibrium systems. In this work we show that\nAbsolute Negative Mobility (ANM), whereby current is produced in a direction\nopposite to the drive, can occur around equilibrium states. This is\ndemonstrated with a simple one-dimensional lattice model with a driven tracer.\nWe derive analytical predictions in the linear response regime and elucidate\nthe mechanism leading to ANM by studying the high-density limit. We also study\nnumerically a model of hard Brownian disks in a narrow planar channel, for\nwhich the lattice model can be viewed as a toy model. We find that the model\nexhibits Negative Differential Mobility (NDM), but no ANM.",
        "positive": "Random sequential adsorption of k-mers on the fully-connected lattice:\n  probability distributions of the covering time and extreme value statistics: We study the random sequential adsorption of $k$-mers on the fully-connected\nlattice with $N=kn$ sites. The probability distribution $T_n(s,t)$ of the time\n$t$ needed to cover the lattice with $s$ $k$-mers is obtained using a\ngenerating function approach. In the low coverage scaling limit where\n$s,n,t\\to\\infty$ with $y=s/n^{1/2}={\\mathrm O}(1)$ the random variable $t-s$\nfollows a Poisson distribution with mean $ky^2/2$. In the intermediate coverage\nscaling limit, when both $s$ and $n-s$ are ${\\mathrm O}(n)$, the mean value and\nthe variance of the covering time are growing as $n$ and the fluctuations are\nGaussian. When full coverage is approached the scaling functions diverge, which\nis the signal of a new scaling behaviour. Indeed, when $u=n-s={\\mathrm O}(1)$,\nthe mean value of the covering time grows as $n^k$ and the variance as\n$n^{2k}$, thus $t$ is strongly fluctuating and no longer self-averaging. In\nthis scaling regime the fluctuations are governed, for each value of $k$, by a\ndifferent extreme value distribution, indexed by $u$. Explicit results are\nobtained for monomers (generalized Gumbel distribution) and dimers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Monte Carlo Study of Phase Transitions in the Bond-Diluted 3D 4-State\n  Potts Model: Large-scale Monte Carlo simulations of the bond-diluted three-dimensional\n4-state Potts model are performed. The phase diagram and the physical\nproperties at the phase transitions are studied using finite-size scaling\ntechniques. Evidences are given for the existence of a tricritical point\ndividing the phase diagram into a regime where the transitions remain of first\norder and a second regime where the transitions are softened to continuous ones\nby the influence of disorder. In the former regime, the nature of the\ntransition is essentially clarified through an analysis of the energy\nprobability distribution. In the latter regime critical exponents are\nestimated. Rare and typical events are identified and their role is\nqualitatively discussed in both regimes.",
        "positive": "The Large Scale Curvature of Networks: Understanding key structural properties of large scale networks are crucial\nfor analyzing and optimizing their performance, and improving their reliability\nand security. Here we show that these networks possess a previously unnoticed\nfeature, global curvature, which we argue has a major impact on core\ncongestion: the load at the core of a network with N nodes scales as N^2 as\ncompared to N^1.5 for a flat network. We substantiate this claim through\nanalysis of a collection of real data networks across the globe as measured and\ndocumented by previous researchers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Swarmalators with thermal noise: We investigate a population of swarmalators, a mobile version of phase\noscillators that both sync in time and swarm through space. We focus on a\nXY-type model of identical swarmalators running on a one-dimensional ring and\nsubject to thermal noise. We uncover four distinct collective states, some of\nwhich capture the behavior of real-world swarmalators such as vinegar eels and\nsperm. Among these, the most intriguing is the `mixed state', which blends two\nof the other states. We present a comprehensive phase diagram from the Fourier\nmode analysis with a high accuracy, which is in excellent agreement with\nnumerical simulation results. Our model serves as a tractable toy model for\nthermal systems that both self-synchronize and self-assemble interdependently.",
        "positive": "Fermionic versus bosonic descriptions of one-dimensional spin-gapped\n  antiferromagnets: In terms of spinless fermions and spin waves, we describe magnetic properties\nof a spin-1/2 ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic bond-alternating chain which\nbehaves as a Haldane-gap antiferromagnet. On one hand, we employ the\nJordan-Wigner transformation and treat the fermionic Hamiltonian within the\nHartree-Fock approximation. On the other hand, we employ the Holstein-Primakoff\ntransformation and modify the conventional spin-wave theory so as to restore\nthe sublattice symmetry. We calculate the excitation gap, the specific heat,\nthe magnetic susceptibility, magnetization curves, and the nuclear spin-lattice\nrelaxation rate with varying bond alternation. These schemes are further\napplied to a bond-alternating tetramerized chain which behaves as a\nferrimagnet. The fermionic language is particularly stressed as a useful tool\nto investigate one-dimensional spin-gapped antiferromagnets, while the bosonic\none works better for ferrimagnets."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Nonextensive methods in turbulence and particle physics: We describe some recent applications of Tsallis statistics in fully developed\nhydrodynamic turbulence and high energy physics. For many of these applications\nnonextensive properties arise from spatial fluctuations of the temperature or\nthe energy dissipation rate. The entropic index q is related to the relative\nmagnitude of these fluctuations. We concentrate on a recently derived formula\nfor the energy dependence of q that is experimentally verified by fits of cross\nsections in e+e- annihilation experiments. Evaluating this formula for much\nsmaller energies E of the order of the recombination temperature, one obtains\nthe correct order of magnitude of the fluctuations of the cosmic microwave\nbackground. Evaluating it for E going to infinity, one obtains (under certain\nassumptions) possible evidence for the existence of 6 compactified dimensions,\nas predicted by superstring theory.",
        "positive": "Finite size scaling of the 5D Ising model with free boundary conditions: There has been a long running debate on the finite size scaling for the Ising\nmodel with free boundary conditions above the upper critical dimension, where\nthe standard picture gives a $L^2$ scaling for the susceptibility and an\nalternative theory has promoted a $L^{5/2}$ scaling, as would be the case for\ncyclic boundary. In this paper we present results from simulation of the far\nlargest systems used so far, up to side $L=160$ and find that this data clearly\nsupports the standard scaling. Further we present a discussion of why rigorous\nresults for the random-cluster model provides both supports the standard\nscaling picture and provides a clear explanation of why the scalings for free\nand cyclic boundary should be different."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Role of interactions and correlations on collective dynamics of\n  molecular motors along parallel filaments: Cytoskeletal motors known as motor proteins are molecules that drive cellular\ntransport along several parallel cytoskeletal filaments and support many\nbiological processes. Experimental evidences suggest that they interact with\nthe nearest molecules of their filament while performing mechanical work. To\nunderstand such mechanism theoretically, a new version of two-channel totally\nasymmetric simple exclusion process which incorporates interactions in a\nthermodynamically consistent way, is introduced. As the existing approaches for\nmulti-channel systems deviate from analyzing the effect of inter and intra\nchannel interactions, a new approach known as modified vertical cluster mean\nfield is developed. The approach along with monte-carlo simulations\nsuccessfully encounters some correlations and computes all complex dynamic\nproperties of the system. Role of symmetry of interactions and inter-channel\ncoupling is observed on triple points and particle maximal current.\nSurprisingly, for each coupling rate and most of the interaction splittings,\nthere corresponds an optimal interaction strength for the maximal current which\nbelongs to the case of weak repulsive interactions. Moreover, for a fixed\ninteraction splitting, as coupling rate increases, the optimal strength\ndecreases and tends towards the experimental predictions. Correlations are\nfound to be short-range and weaker for repulsive and weak attractive\ninteractions, while for stronger attractions they are long-range and stronger.\nAll these findings are also discussed in the context of experimental\nobservations.",
        "positive": "Superchemistry: dynamics of coupled atomic and molecular Bose-Einstein\n  condensates: We analyze the dynamics of a dilute, trapped Bose-condensed atomic gas\ncoupled to a diatomic molecular Bose gas by coherent Raman transitions. This\nsystem is shown to result in a new type of `superchemistry', in which giant\ncollective oscillations between the atomic and molecular gas can occur. The\nphenomenon is caused by stimulated emission of bosonic atoms or molecules into\ntheir condensate phases."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical frontier of the Potts and percolation models in triangular-type\n  and kagome-type lattices I: Closed-form expressions: We consider the Potts model and the related bond, site, and mixed site-bond\npercolation problems on triangular-type and kagome-type lattices, and derive\nclosed-form expressions for the critical frontier. For triangular-type lattices\nthe critical frontier is known, usually derived from a duality consideration in\nconjunction with the assumption of a unique transition. Our analysis, however,\nis rigorous and based on an established result without the need of a uniqueness\nassumption, thus firmly establishing all derived results. For kagome-type\nlattices the exact critical frontier is not known. We derive a closed-form\nexpression for the Potts critical frontier by making use of a homogeneity\nassumption. The closed-form expression is new, and we apply it to a host of\nproblems including site, bond, and mixed site-bond percolation on various\nlattices. It yields exact thresholds for site percolation on kagome, martini,\nand other lattices, and is highly accurate numerically in other applications\nwhen compared to numerical determination.",
        "positive": "Onset of two collective excitations in the transverse dynamics of a\n  simple fluid: A thorough analysis of the transverse current autocorrelation function\nobtained by molecular dynamics simulations of a dense Lennard-Jones fluid\nreveals that even such a simple system is characterized by a varied dynamical\nbehavior with changing length scale. By using the exponential expansion theory,\nwe provide a full account of the time correlation at wavevectors $Q$ between\nthe upper boundary of the hydrodynamic region and $Q_p/2$, with $Q_p$ the\nposition of the main peak of the static structure factor. In the $Q$ range\nstudied we identify and accurately locate the wavevector at which shear wave\npropagation starts to take place, and show clearly how this phenomenon may be\nrepresented by a damped harmonic oscillator changing, in a continuous way, from\nan overdamped to an underdamped condition. The decomposition into exponential\nmodes allows one to convincingly establish not only the crossover related to\nthe onset of transverse waves but, surprisingly, also the existence of a second\npair of modes equivalent to another oscillator that undergoes, at higher $Q$\nvalues, a similarly smooth over- to underdamped transition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Operator content of entanglement spectra after global quenches in the\n  transverse field Ising chain: We consider the time evolution of the gaps of the entanglement spectrum for a\nblock of consecutive sites in finite transverse field Ising chains after sudden\nquenches of the magnetic field. We provide numerical evidence that, whenever we\nquench at or across the quantum critical point, the time evolution of the\nratios of these gaps allows to obtain universal information. They encode the\nlow-lying gaps of the conformal spectrum of the Ising boundary conformal field\ntheory describing the spatial bipartition within the imaginary time path\nintegral approach to global quenches at the quantum critical point.",
        "positive": "Extrema statistics in the dynamics of a non-Gaussian random field: When the equations that govern the dynamics of a random field are nonlinear,\nthe field can develop with time non-Gaussian statistics even if its initial\ncondition is Gaussian. Here, we provide a general framework for calculating the\neffect of the underlying nonlinear dynamics on the relative densities of maxima\nand minima of the field. Using this simple geometrical probe, we can identify\nthe size of the non-Gaussian contributions in the random field, or\nalternatively the magnitude of the nonlinear terms in the underlying equations\nof motion. We demonstrate our approach by applying it to an initially Gaussian\nfield that evolves according to the deterministic KPZ equation, which models\nsurface growth and shock dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermostat for a relativistic gas: Molecular dynamics simulations of a three dimensional relativistic gas with a\nsoft potential are conducted with different interactions and particle masses.\nFor all cases the velocity distribution agrees numerically with the J\\\"uttner\ndistribution. We show how the relativistic gas can be coupled to a thermostat\nto simulate the canonical ensemble at a given temperature T. The behaviour of\nthe thermostat is investigated as a function of the thermal inertia and its\nappropriate range is determined by evaluating the kinetic energy fluctuations.",
        "positive": "Electron phenomena in layered conductors: The quasi-two-dimensional nature of the charge carriers energy spectrum in\nlayered conductors leads to specific effects in an external magnetic field. The\nmagnetoresistance of layered conductors in a wide range of strong magnetic\nfields directed in the plane of the layers can increase proportionally to a\nmagnetic field value. The electromagnetic impedance and the sound attenuation\nrate depend essentially on the polarization of normal to the layers.\nPropagation of electromagnetic and acoustic waves in these conductors involves\nvirtually all charge carriers in the transfer of acoustic pulses and\nelectromagnetic field spikes to the bulk of the conductor. The orbits of Fermi\nelectrons in a magnetic field are virtually indistinguishable, which allows the\ninclusion of large number of conduction electrons in the formation of peculiar\noscillatory and resonant effects which are absent in the case of ordinary\nmetals. Investigation of these effects introduce the possibilities for detailed\nstudy of the dissipative processes in electron systems of layered conductors\nand the charge carriers energy spectrum. Point contact investigations of\nlayered metals allow us to obtain the information about electron and phonon\nspectra. The electron focusing signal and the point contact spectrum are\nextremely sensitive to the orientation of the magnetic field vector $\\bs{H}$ in\nrelation to the layers with a high electrical conductivity. The values of\n$\\bs{H}$ for which the electron focusing signal has peaks can be used for\ndetermining velocities and extremal diameters for the open Fermi surface. The\ndependence of the point contact spectra on the magnitude and the relaxation of\nelectrons at various types of phonon excitations."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Network analysis of nanoscale energy conversion processes: Energy conversion in nanosized devices is studied in the framework of\nstate-space models. We use a network representation of the underlying master\nequation to describe the dynamics by a graph. Particular segments of this\nnetwork represent input and output processes that provide a way to introduce a\ncoupling to several heat reservoirs and particle reservoirs. In addition, the\nnetwork representation scheme allows one to decompose the stationary dynamics\nas cycles. The cycle analysis is a convenient tool for analyse models of\nmachine operations, which are characterized by different nanoscale energy\nconversion processes. By introducing the cycle affinity, we are able to\ncalculate the zero-current limit. The zero-current limit can be mapped to the\nzero-affinity limit in a network representation scheme. For example, for\nsystems with competing external driving forces the open-circuit voltage can be\ndetermined by setting the cycle affinity zero. This framework is used to derive\nopen-circuit voltage with respect to microscopic material energetics and\ndifferent coupling to particle and temperature reservoirs.",
        "positive": "Long-range interactions from $U\\left(1\\right)$ gauge fields via\n  dimensional mismatch: We show how certain long-range models of interacting fermions in $d+1$\ndimensions are equivalent to $U\\left(1\\right)$ gauge theories in $D+1$\ndimensions, with the dimension $D$ in which gauge fields are defined larger\nthan the dimension $d$ of the fermionic theory to be simulated. For $d=1$ it is\npossible to obtain an exact mapping, providing an expression of the fermionic\ninteraction potential in terms of half-integer powers of the Laplacian. An\nanalogous mapping can be applied to the kinetic term of the bosonized theory. A\ndiagrammatic representation of the theories obtained by dimensional mismatch is\npresented, and consequences and applications of the established duality are\ndiscussed. Finally, by using a perturbative approach, we address the canonical\nquantization of fermionic theories presenting non-locality in the interaction\nterm to construct the Hamiltonians for the effective theories found by\ndimensional reduction. We conclude by showing that one can engineer the gauge\nfields and the dimensional mismatch in order to obtain long-range effective\nHamiltonians with $1/r$ potentials."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Heat fluctuations and fluctuation theorems in the case of multiple\n  reservoirs: We consider heat fluctuations and fluctuation theorems for systems driven by\nmultiple reservoirs. We establish a fundamental symmetry obeyed by the joint\nprobability distribution for the heat transfers and system coordinates. The\nsymmetry leads to a generalisation of the asymptotic fluctuation theorem for\nlarge deviations at large times. As a result the presence of multiple\nreservoirs influence the tails in the heat distribution. The symmetry,\nmoreover, allows for a simple derivation of a recent exact fluctuation theorem\nvalid at all times. Including a time dependent work protocol we also present a\nderivation of the integral fluctuation theorem.",
        "positive": "Is the Tsallis entropy stable?: The question of whether the Tsallis entropy is Lesche-stable is revisited. It\nis argued that when physical averages are computed with the escort\nprobabilities, the correct application of the concept of Lesche-stability\nrequires use of the escort probabilities. As a consequence, as shown here, the\nTsallis entropy is unstable but the thermodynamic averages are stable. We\nfurther show that Lesche stability as well as thermodynamic stability can be\nobtained if the homogeneous entropy is used as the basis of the formulation of\nnon-extensive thermodynamics. In this approach, the escort distribution arises\nnaturally as a secondary structure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Direct simulation of critical Casimir forces: We present a new Monte Carlo method to calculate Casimir forces acting on\nobjects in a near-critical fluid, considering the two basic cases of a wall and\na sphere embedded in a two-dimensional Ising medium. During the simulation, the\nobjects are moved through the system with appropriate statistical weights, and\nconsequently are attracted or repelled from the system boundaries depending on\nthe boundary conditions. The distribution function of the object position is\nutilized to obtain the residual free energy, or Casimir potential, of the\nconfiguration as well as the corresponding Casimir force. The results are in\nperfect agreement with known exact results. The method can easily be\ngeneralized to more complicated geometries, to higher dimensions, and also to\ncolloidal suspensions with many particles.",
        "positive": "Exact time-averaged thermal conductance for small systems: Comparison\n  between direct calculation and Green-Kubo formalism: In this paper, we study exactly the thermal conductance for a low dimensional\nsystem represented by two coupled massive Brownian particles, both directly and\nvia a Green-Kubo expression. Both approaches give exactly the same result. We\nalso obtain exactly the steady state probability distribution for that system\nby means of time-averaging."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "A Mean Atom Trajectory Model for Monatomic Liquids: A recent description of the motion of atoms in a classical monatomic system\nin liquid and supercooled liquid states divides the motion into two parts:\noscillations within a given many-particle potential valley, and transit motion\nwhich carries the system from one many-particle valley to another. Building on\nthis picture, we construct a model for the trajectory of an average atom in the\nsystem. The trajectory consists of oscillations at the normal-mode distribution\nof frequencies, representing motion within a fluctuating single-particle well,\ninterspersed with position- and velocity-conserving transits to similar\nadjacent wells. For the supercooled liquid in nondiffusing states, the model\ngives velocity and displacement autocorrelation functions which exactly match\nthose found in the many-particle harmonic approximation, and which are known to\nagree almost precisely with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of liquid Na.\nAt higher temperatures, by allowing transits to proceed at a\ntemperature-dependent rate, the model gives velocity autocorrelation functions\nwhich are also in remarkably good agreement with MD simulations of Na at up to\nthree times its melting temperature. Two independent processes in the model\nrelax velocity autocorrelations: (a) dephasing due to the presence of many\nfrequency components, which operates at all temperatures but which produces\nzero diffusion, and (b) the transit process, which increases with increasing\ntemperature and which produces diffusion.",
        "positive": "The limit behavior of the evolution of Tsallis entropy in\n  self-gravitating systems: In this letter, we study the limit behavior of the evolution of Tsallis\nentropy in self-gravitating systems. The study is carried out under two\ndifferent situations, drawing the same conclusion. No matter in the energy\ntransfer process or in the mass transfer process inside the system, when\nnonextensive parameter q is more than unity, the total entropy is bounded; on\nthe contrary, when this parameter is less than unity, the total entropy is\nunbounded. There are proofs in both theory and observation that the q is always\nmore than unity. So the Tsallis entropy in self-gravitating system generally\nexhibits a bounded property. This indicates the existence of global maximum of\nTsallis entropy. It is possible for self-gravitating systems to evolve to\nthermodynamically stable states."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal convection in fluidized granular systems: Thermal convection is observed in molecular dynamic simulation of a fluidized\ngranular system of nearly elastic hard disks moving under gravity, inside a\nrectangular box. Boundaries introduce no shearing or time dependence, but the\nenergy injection comes from a slip (shear-free) thermalizing base. The top wall\nis perfectly elastic and lateral boundaries are either elastic or periodic. The\nobserved convection comes from the effect of gravity and the spontaneous\ngranular temperature gradient that the system dynamically develops.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamic deficiencies of some simple Lindblad operators: Master equations of Lindblad type have attained prominent status in the\nfields of quantum optics and quantum information since they are guaranteed to\nsatisfy fundamental notions of quantum dynamics such as complete positivity.\nWhen Lindblad operators are used to describe thermal reservoirs in contact with\nan open quantum system, the fundamental laws of thermodynamics and the\nfluctuation-dissipation theorem provide additional mandatory criteria. We show\nseveral examples of innocent-looking Lindblad operators which have questionable\nproperties in this regard. Compatibility criteria between Hamiltonian and\nLindblad terms as well as consequences of their violation are discussed. An\nalternative stochastic approach to dissipative quantum dynamics is outlined and\nillustrated through a harmonic-chain model for which the approach of local\nLindblad operators fails."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Prospects for p-wave paired BCS states of fermionic atoms: We present theoretical prospects for creating p-wave paired BCS states of\nmagnetic trapped fermionic atoms. Based on our earlier proposal of using dc\nelectric fields to control both the strength and anisotropic characteristic of\natom-atom interaction and our recently completed multi-channel atomic collision\ncalculations we discover that p-wave pairing with $^{40}$K and $^{82,84,86}$Rb\nin the low field seeking maximum spin polarized state represent excellent\nchoices for achieving superfluid BCS states; and may be realizable with current\ntechnology in laser cooling, magnetic trapping, and evaporative/sympathetic\ncooling, provided the required strong electric field can be applied. We also\ncomment on the prospects of similar p-wave paired BCS states in $^{6}$Li, and\nmore generally on creating other types exotic BCS states. Our study will open a\nnew area in the vigorous pursuit to create a quantum degenerate fermionic atom\nvapor.",
        "positive": "Enhancement of stability in randomly switching potential with metastable\n  state: The overdamped motion of a Brownian particle in randomly switching piece-wise\nmetastable linear potential shows noise enhanced stability (NES): the noise\nstabilizes the metastable system and the system remains in this state for a\nlonger time than in the absence of white noise. The mean first passage time\n(MFPT) has a maximum at a finite value of white noise intensity. The analytical\nexpression of MFPT in terms of the white noise intensity, the parameters of the\npotential barrier, and of the dichotomous noise is derived. The conditions for\nthe NES phenomenon and the parameter region where the effect can be observed\nare obtained. The mean first passage time behaviours as a function of the mean\nflipping rate of the potential for unstable and metastable initial\nconfigurations are also analyzed. We observe the resonant activation phenomenon\nfor initial metastable configuration of the potential profile."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Diffusive motion of particles and dimers over anisotropic lattices: Behavior of the mixture of particles and dimers moving with different jump\nrates at reconstructed surfaces is described. Collective diffusion coefficient\nis calculated by the variational approach. Anisotropy of the collective\nparticle motion is analyzed as a function of jump rates and local particle\ndensity. Analytic expressions are compared with the results of Monte Carlo\nsimulations of diffusing particle and dimer mixture. Direction of driven\ndiffusive motion of the same system depends on the jump anisotropy and on the\nvalue of driving force. Driven motion results in the particle and dimer\nseparation when the directions of their easy diffusion axes differ. It is shown\nthat in such case trapping sites concentrated at some surface areas act as\nfilters or barriers for particle and dimer mixtures.",
        "positive": "Ideal bulk pressure of active Brownian particles: The extent to which active matter might be described by effective equilibrium\nconcepts like temperature and pressure is currently being discussed intensely.\nHere we study the simplest model, an ideal gas of non-interacting active\nBrownian particles. While the mechanical pressure exerted onto confining walls\nhas been linked to correlations between particles' positions and their\norientations, we show that these correlations are entirely controlled by\nboundary effects. We also consider a definition of local pressure, which\ndescribes interparticle forces in terms of momentum exchange between different\nregions of the system. We present three pieces of analytical evidence which\nindicate that such a local pressure exists, and we show that its bulk value\ndiffers from the mechanical pressure exerted on the walls of the system. We\nattribute this difference to the fact that the local pressure in the bulk does\nnot depend on boundary effects, contrary to the mechanical pressure. We\ncarefully examine these boundary effects using a channel geometry, and we show\na virial formula for the pressure correctly predicts the mechanical pressure\neven in finite channels. However, this result no longer holds in more complex\ngeometries, as exemplified for a channel that includes circular obstacles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized persistence dynamics for active motion: We analyze the statistical physics of self-propelled particles from a general\ntheoretical framework that properly describes the most salient characteristic\nof active motion, $persistence$, in arbitrary spatial dimensions. Such a\nframework allows the development of a Smoluchowski-like equation for the\nprobability density of finding a particle at a given position and time, without\nassuming an explicit orientational dynamics of the self-propelling velocity as\nLangevin-like equation-based models do. Also, the Brownian motion due to\nthermal fluctuations and the active one due to a general intrinsic persistent\nmotion of the particle are taken into consideration on an equal footing. The\npersistence of motion is introduced in our formalism in the form of a\n\\emph{two-time memory function}, $K(t,t^{\\prime})$. We focus on the\nconsequences when $K(t,t^{\\prime})\\sim\n(t/t^{\\prime})^{-\\eta}\\exp[-\\Gamma(t-t^{\\prime})]$, $\\Gamma$ being the\ncharacteristic persistence time, and show that it precisely describes a variety\nof active motion patterns characterized by $\\eta$. We find analytical\nexpressions for the experimentally obtainable intermediate scattering function,\nthe time dependence of the mean-squared displacement, and the kurtosis.",
        "positive": "Crossover from dynamical percolation class to directed percolation class\n  on a two dimensional lattice: We study the crossover phenomena from the dynamical percolation class (DyP)\nto the directed percolation class (DP) in the model of diseases spreading,\nSusceptible-Infected-Refractory-Susceptible (SIRS) on a two-dimensional\nlattice. In this model, agents of three species S, I, and R on a lattice react\nas follows: $S+I\\rightarrow I+I$ with probability $\\lambda$, $I\\rightarrow R$\nafter infection time $\\tau_I$ and $R\\rightarrow I$ after recovery time\n$\\tau_R$. Depending on the value of the parameter $\\tau_R$, the SIRS model can\nbe reduced to the following two well-known special cases. On the one hand, when\n$\\tau_R \\rightarrow 0$, the SIRS model reduces to the SIS model. On the other\nhand, when $\\tau_R \\rightarrow \\infty$ the model reduces to SIR model. It is\nknown that, whereas the SIS model belongs to the DP universality class, the SIR\nmodel belongs to the DyP universality class. We can deduce from the model\ndynamics that, SIRS will behave as an SIS model for any finite values of\n$\\tau_R$. SIRS will behave as SIR only when $\\tau_R=\\infty$. Using Monte Carlo\nsimulations we show that as far as the $\\tau_R$ is finite the SIRS belongs to\nthe DP university class. We also study the phase diagram and analyze the\nscaling behavior of this model along the critical line. By numerical simulation\nand analytical argument, we find that the crossover from DyP to DP is described\nby the crossover exponent $1/\\phi=0.67(2)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pressure exerted by a grafted polymer: Bethe lattice solution: We solve the problem of a chain, modeled as a self-avoiding walk, grafted o\nthe wall limiting a semi-infinite Bethe lattice of arbitrary coordination\nnumber q. In particular, we determine the pressure exerted by the polymer on\nthe wall, as a function of the distance to the grafting point. The pressure, in\ngeneral, decays exponentially with the distance, at variance with what is found\nfor SAWs and directed walks on regular lattices and gaussian walks. The\nadsorption transition, which is discontinuous, and its influence on the\npressure are also studied.",
        "positive": "Finite-size effects on current correlation functions: We study why the calculation of current correlation functions (CCFs) still\nsuffers from finite size effects even when the periodic boundary condition is\ntaken. Two important one dimensional, momentum conserving systems are\ninvestigated as examples. Intriguingly, it is found that the state of a system\nrecurs in the sense of microcanonical ensemble average, and such recurrence may\nresult in oscillations in CCFs. Meanwhile, we find that the sound mode\ncollisions induce an extra time decay in a current so that its correlation\nfunction decays faster (slower) in a smaller (larger) system. Based on these\ntwo unveiled mechanisms, a procedure for correctly evaluating the decay rate of\na CCF is proposed, with which our analysis suggests that the global energy CCF\ndecays as $\\sim t^{-\\frac{2}{3}}$ in the diatomic hard-core gas model and in a\nmanner close to $\\sim t^{-\\frac{1}{2}}$ in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-$\\beta$ model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Kinetic coefficients in the formalism of time-dependent Green's\n  functions at finite temperature: We discuss the microscopical justification of dissipation in the model\nnonrelativistic Fermi and Bose systems with weak local interactions above phase\ntransitions. The dynamics of equilibrium fluctuations are considered in Keldysh\n- Schwinger framework. We show that the dissipation is related to pinch\nsingularities of the diagram technique. Using Dyson - Schwinger equation and\nthe two-loop approximation we define and calculate the attenuation parameter\nwhich is related to exponentiality of Green's functions decay. We show that the\nattenuation parameter is the microscopic analogue of the Onsager kinetic\ncoefficient and it is related to attenuation in the excitation spectrum.",
        "positive": "Tunneling of localized excitations: giant enhancement due to\n  fluctuations: We consider the tunneling of localized excitations (many boson bound states)\nin the presence of a bosonic bath. We show both analytically and numerically\nthat the bath influence results in a dramatical enhancement of the amplitude of\nthe excitation tunneling. The order of the bosonic flow in the course of the\ntunneling process is obtained. On the background of the giant tunneling\nenhancement we observe and describe additional resonant enhancement and {\\sl\nsuppression} of tunneling due to avoided level crossings."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the asymptotics of higher-dimensional partitions: We conjecture that the asymptotic behavior of the numbers of solid\n(three-dimensional) partitions is identical to the asymptotics of the\nthree-dimensional MacMahon numbers. Evidence is provided by an exact\nenumeration of solid partitions of all integers <=68 whose numbers are\nreproduced with surprising accuracy using the asymptotic formula (with one free\nparameter) and better accuracy on increasing the number of free parameters. We\nalso conjecture that similar behavior holds for higher-dimensional partitions\nand provide some preliminary evidence for four and five-dimensional partitions.",
        "positive": "Paradoxical Magnetic Cooling in a Structural Transition Model: In contrast to the experimentally widely used isentropic demagnetization\nprocess for cooling to ultra-low temperatures we examine a particular classical\nmodel system that does not cool, but rather heats up with isentropic\ndemagnetization. This system consists of several magnetite particles in a\ncolloidal suspension, and shows the uncommon behavior of disordering\nstructurally while ordering magnetically in an increasing magnetic field. For a\nsix-particle system, we report an uncommon structural transition from a ring to\na chain as a function of magnetic field and temperature."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Modulation of the nucleation rate pre-exponential in a low-temperature\n  Ising system: A metastable lattice gas with nearest-neighbor interactions and\ncontinuous-time dynamics is studied using a generalized Becker-Doring approach\nin the multidimensional space of cluster configurations. The pre-exponential of\nthe metastable state lifetime (inverse of nucleation rate) is found to exhibit\ndistinct peaks at integer values of the inverse supersaturation. Peaks are\nunobservable (infinitely narrow) in the strict limit T->0, but become\ndetectable and eventually dominate at higher temperatures.",
        "positive": "Non-universality of front fluctuations for compact colonies of\n  non-motile bacteria: The front of a compact bacterial colony growing on a Petri dish is a\nparadigmatic instance of non-equilibrium fluctuations in the celebrated Eden,\nor Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ), universality class. While in many experiments the\nscaling exponents crucially differ from the expected KPZ values, the source of\nthis disagreement has remained poorly understood. We have performed growth\nexperiments with B. subtilis 168 and E. coli ATCC 25922 under conditions\nleading to compact colonies in the classically-alleged Eden regime, where\nindividual motility is suppressed. Non-KPZ scaling is indeed observed for all\naccessible times, KPZ asymptotics being ruled out for our experiments due to\nthe monotonic increase of front branching with time. Simulations of an\neffective model suggest the occurrence of transient non-universal scaling due\nto diffusive morphological instabilities, agreeing with expectations from\ndetailed models of the relevant biological reaction-diffusion processes."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical phase transitions in the current distribution of driven\n  diffusive channels: We study singularities in the large deviation function of the time-averaged\ncurrent of diffusive systems connected to two reservoirs. A set of conditions\nfor the occurrence of phase transitions, both first and second order, are\nobtained by deriving Landau theories. First-order transitions occur in the\nabsence of a particle-hole symmetry, while second-order occur in its presence\nand are associated with a symmetry breaking. The analysis is done in two\ndistinct statistical ensembles, shedding light on previous results. In\naddition, we also provide an exact solution of a model exhibiting a\nsecond-order symmetry-breaking transition.",
        "positive": "Phase transitions in the Blume-Capel model with trimodal and Gaussian\n  random fields: We study the effect of different symmetric random field distributions:\ntrimodal and Gaussian on the phase diagram of the infinite range Blume-Capel\nmodel. For the trimodal random field, the model has a very rich phase diagram.\nWe find three new ordered phases, multicritical points like tricritical point\n(TCP), bicritical end point (BEP), critical end point (CEP) along with some\nmulti-phase coexistence points. We also find re-entrance at low temperatures\nfor some values of the parameters. On the other hand for the Gaussian\ndistribution the phase diagram consists of a continuous line of transition\nfollowed by a first order transition line, meeting at a TCP. The TCP vanishes\nfor higher strength of the random field. In contrast to the trimodal case, in\nGaussian case no new phase emerges."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fractional Path Integral Monte Carlo: Fractional derivatives are nonlocal differential operators of real order that\noften appear in models of anomalous diffusion and a variety of nonlocal\nphenomena. Recently, a version of the Schr\\\"odinger Equation containing a\nfractional Laplacian has been proposed. In this work, we develop a Fractional\nPath Integral Monte Carlo algorithm that can be used to study the finite\ntemperature behavior of the time-independent Fractional Schr\\\"odinger Equation\nfor a variety of potentials. In so doing, we derive an analytic form for the\nfinite temperature fractional free particle density matrix and demonstrate how\nit can be sampled to acquire new sets of particle positions. We employ this\nalgorithm to simulate both the free particle and $^{4}$He (Aziz) Hamiltonians.\nWe find that the fractional Laplacian strongly encourages particle\ndelocalization, even in the presence of interactions, suggesting that\nfractional Hamiltonians may manifest atypical forms of condensation. Our work\nopens the door to studying fractional Hamiltonians with arbitrarily complex\npotentials that escape analytical solutions.",
        "positive": "Dissipative timescales from coarse-graining irreversibility: We propose and investigate a method for identifying timescales of dissipation\nin nonequilibrium steady states modeled as discrete-state Markov jump\nprocesses. The method is based on how the irreversibility-measured by the\nstatistical breaking of time-reversal symmetry-varies under temporal\ncoarse-graining. We observe a sigmoidal-like shape of the irreversibility as a\nfunction of the coarse-graining time whose functional form we derive for\nsystems with a fast driven transition. This theoretical prediction allows us to\ndevelop a method for estimating the dissipative time scale from time-series\ndata by fitting estimates of the irreversibility to our predicted functional\nform. We further analyze the accuracy and statistical fluctuations of this\nestimate."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Frustrations on decorated triangular lattice in Ising model: We study the frustration properties of the Ising model on a decorated\ntriangular lattice with an arbitrary number of decorating spins on all lattice\nbonds in the framework of an exact analytical approach based on the\nKramers--Wannier transfer matrix method. Expressions for the entropy, heat\ncapacity, and spontaneous magnetization of the lattice are obtained, including\nthe residual (zero-temperature) entropy and residual (zero-temperature)\nspontaneous magnetization of the system. The existence of magnetic frustrations\nin such a model and their influence on the behavior of the thermodynamic\nfunctions of the system are shown. The new and most important result of our\nstudy is related to the description of the possible coexistence of frustrations\nand long-range magnetic order in partially ordered spin systems.",
        "positive": "Phase ordering in chaotic map lattices with conserved dynamics: Dynamical scaling in a two-dimensional lattice model of chaotic maps, in\ncontact with a thermal bath, is numerically studied. The model here proposed is\nequivalent to a conserved Ising model with coupligs which fluctuate over the\nsame time scale as spin moves. When couplings fluctuations and thermal\nfluctuations are both important, this model does not belong to the class of\nuniversality of a Langevin equation known as model B; the scaling exponents are\ncontinuously varying with the temperature and depend on the map used. The\nuniversal behavior of model B is recovered when thermal fluctuations are\ndominant."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quorum-sensing active particles with discontinuous motility: We develop a dynamic mean-field theory for polar active particles that\ninteract through a self-generated field, in particular one generated through\nemitting a chemical signal. While being a form of chemotactic response, it is\ndifferent from conventional chemotaxis in that particles discontinuously change\ntheir motility when the local concentration surpasses a threshold. The\nresulting coupled equations for density and polarization are linear and can be\nsolved analytically for simple geometries, yielding inhomogeneous density\nprofiles. Specifically, here we consider a planar and circular interface. Our\ntheory thus explains the observed coexistence of dense aggregates with an\nactive gas. There are, however, differences to the more conventional picture of\nliquid-gas coexistence based on a free energy, most notably the absence of a\ncritical point. We corroborate our analytical predictions by numerical\nsimulations of active particles under confinement and interacting through\nvolume exclusion. Excellent quantitative agreement is reached through an\neffective translational diffusion coefficient. We finally show that an\nadditional response to the chemical gradient direction is sufficient to induce\nvortex clusters. Our results pave the way to engineer motility responses in\norder to achieve aggregation and collective behavior even at unfavorable\nconditions.",
        "positive": "Scaling behavior of the absorbing phase transition in a conserved\n  lattice gas around the upper critical dimension: We analyse numerically the critical behavior of a conserved lattice gas which\nwas recently introduced as an example of the new universality class of\nabsorbing phase transitions with a conserved field [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1803\n(2000)]. We determine the critical exponent of the order parameter as well as\nthe critical exponent of the order parameter fluctuations in D=2,3,4,5\ndimensions. A comparison of our results and those obtained from a mean-field\napproach and a field theory suggests that the upper critical dimension of the\nabsorbing phase transition is four."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Reexamining the renormalization group: Period doubling onset of chaos: We explore fundamental questions about the renormalization group through a\ndetailed re-examination of Feigenbaum's period doubling route to chaos. In the\nspace of one-humped maps, the renormalization group characterizes the behavior\nnear any critical point by the behavior near the fixed point. We show that this\nfixed point is far from unique, and characterize a submanifold of fixed points\nof alternative RG transformations. We build on this framework to systematically\ndistinguish and analyze the allowed singular and `gauge' (analytic and\nredundant) corrections to scaling, explaining numerical results from the\nliterature. Our analysis inspires several conjectures for critical phenomena in\nstatistical mechanics.",
        "positive": "Effect of the Composition on the Free Energy of Crystal Nucleation for\n  CuPd Nanoalloys: Using molecular simulation, we study the nucleation process from supercooled\nliquid alloys of Cu and Pd. The simulations reveal a complex interplay between\nthe size of the crystal nucleus and its composition that greatly impacts the\ncrystallization process on the nanoscale. In particular, we find that the free\nenergy of nucleation strongly depends on the composition of the alloy, with a\nfree energy barrier for the equimolar alloy that is more than two times larger\nthan for the pure metals. We attribute this increase in free energy to the\nvariations in composition occurring both at the surface and in the core of the\nnucleus. The local changes in composition are then analyzed by comparing the\nsurface energies of the two metals and by taking into account the competition\nbetween crystallization and demixing that takes place at the interface between\nthe nucleus and the surrounding liquid."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamics of quantum degenerate gases in optical lattices: The entropy-temperature curves are calculated for non-interacting Bose and\nFermi gases in a 3D optical lattice. These curves facilitate understanding of\nhow adiabatic changes in the lattice depth affect the temperature, and we\ndemonstrate regimes where the atomic sample can be significantly heated or\ncooled by the loading process. We assess the effects of interactions on a Bose\ngas in a deep optical lattice, and show that interactions ultimately limit the\nextent of cooling that can occur during lattice loading.",
        "positive": "Evolving small-world networks with geographical attachment preference: We introduce a minimal extended evolving model for small-world networks which\nis controlled by a parameter. In this model the network growth is determined by\nthe attachment of new nodes to already existing nodes that are geographically\nclose. We analyze several topological properties for our model both\nanalytically and by numerical simulations. The resulting network shows some\nimportant characteristics of real-life networks such as the small-world effect\nand a high clustering."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Exact Ground States of Frustrated Spin-1 Ising-Heisenberg and Heisenberg\n  Ladders in a Magnetic Field: Ground states of the frustrated spin-1 Ising-Heisenberg two-leg ladder with\nHeisenberg intra-rung coupling and only Ising interaction along legs and\ndiagonals are rigorously found by taking advantage of local conservation of the\ntotal spin on each rung. The constructed ground-state phase diagram of the\nfrustrated spin-1 Ising-Heisenberg ladder is then compared with the analogous\nphase diagram of the fully quantum spin-1 Heisenberg two-leg ladder obtained by\ndensity matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations. It is demonstrated\nthat both investigated spin models exhibit quite similar magnetization\nscenarios, which involve intermediate plateaux at one-quarter, one-half and\nthree-quarters of the saturation magnetization.",
        "positive": "SAWdoubler: a program for counting self-avoiding walks: This article presents SAWdoubler, a package for counting the total number\nZ(N) of self-avoiding walks (SAWs) on a regular lattice by the length-doubling\nmethod, of which the basic concept has been published previously by us. We\ndiscuss an algorithm for the creation of all SAWs of length N, efficient\nstorage of these SAWs in a tree data structure, and an algorithm for the\ncomputation of correction terms to the count Z(2N) for SAWs of double length,\nremoving all combinations of two intersecting single-length SAWs.\n  We present an efficient numbering of the lattice sites that enables\nexploitation of symmetry and leads to a smaller tree data structure; this\nnumbering is by increasing Euclidean distance from the origin of the lattice.\nFurthermore, we show how the computation can be parallelised by distributing\nthe iterations of the main loop of the algorithm over the cores of a multicore\narchitecture. Experimental results on the 3D cubic lattice demonstrate that\nZ(28) can be computed on a dual-core PC in only 1 hour and 40 minutes, with a\nspeedup of 1.56 compared to the single-core computation and with a gain by\nusing symmetry of a factor of 26. We present results for memory use and show\nhow the computation is made to fit in 4 Gbyte RAM. It is easy to extend the\nSAWdoubler software to other lattices; it is publicly available under the GNU\nLGPL license."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Universal Dephasing Mechanism of Many-Body Quantum Chaos: Ergodicity is a fundamental principle of statistical mechanics underlying the\nbehavior of generic quantum many-body systems. However, how this universal\nmany-body quantum chaotic regime emerges due to interactions remains largely a\npuzzle. This paper demonstrates using both heuristic arguments and a\nmicroscopic calculation that a dephasing mechanism, similar to\nAltshuler-Aronov-Khmelnitskii dephasing in the theory of localization,\nunderlies this transition to chaos. We focus on the behavior of the spectral\nform factor (SFF) as a function of \"time\", t, which characterizes level\ncorrelations in the many-body spectrum. The SFF can be expressed as a sum over\nperiodic classical orbits and its behavior hinges on the interference of\ntrajectories related to each other by a time translation. In the absence of\ninteractions, time-translation symmetry is present for each individual\nparticle, which leads to a fast exponential growth of the SFF and\ncorrespondingly loss of correlations between many-body levels. Interactions\nlead to dephasing, which disrupts interference, and breaks the massive\ntime-translation symmetry down to a global time-translation/energy\nconservation. This in turn gives rise to the hallmark linear-in-$t$ ramp in the\nSFF reflecting Wigner-Dyson level repulsion. This general picture is supported\nby a microscopic analysis of an interacting many-body model. Specifically, we\nstudy the complex $\\mbox{SYK}_2+\\mbox{SYK}_2^2$ model, which allows to tune\nbetween an integrable and chaotic regime. It is shown that the dephasing mass\nvanishes in the former case, which maps to the non-interacting $\\mbox{SYK}_2$\nmodel via a time reparameterization. In contrast, the chaotic regime gives rise\nto dephasing, which suppresses the exponential ramp of the non-interacting\ntheory and induces correlations between many-body levels.",
        "positive": "Generalized molecular chaos hypothesis and H-theorem: Problem of\n  constraints and amendment of nonextensive statistical mechanics: Quite unexpectedly, kinetic theory is found to specify the correct definition\nof average value to be employed in nonextensive statistical mechanics. It is\nshown that the normal average is consistent with the generalized\nStosszahlansatz (i.e., molecular chaos hypothesis) and the associated\nH-theorem, whereas the q-average widely used in the relevant literature is not.\nIn the course of the analysis, the distributions with finite cut-off factors\nare rigorously treated. Accordingly, the formulation of nonextensive\nstatistical mechanics is amended based on the normal average. In addition, the\nShore-Johnson theorem, which supports the use of the q-average, is carefully\nreexamined, and it is found that one of the axioms may not be appropriate for\nsystems to be treated within the framework of nonextensive statistical\nmechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Quantum Monte Carlo Study on Magnetization Processes: A quantum Monte Carlo method combining update of the loop algorithm with the\nglobal flip of the world line is proposed as an efficient method to study the\nmagnetization process in an external field, which has been difficult because of\ninefficiency of the update of the total magnetization. The method is\ndemonstrated in the one dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model and the\ntrimer model. We attempted various other Monte Carlo algorithms to study\nsystems in the external field and compared their efficiency.",
        "positive": "\"Stochastic Modeling of Coercivity \" - A Measure of Non-equilibrium\n  State: A typical coercivity versus particle size curve for magnetic nanoparticles\nhas been explained by using the Gilbert equation followed by the corresponding\nFokker Plank equation. Kramer's treatment has been employed to explain the\nincrease in coercivity in the single domain region. The single to multi-domain\ntransformation has been assumed to explain the decrease in coercive field\nbeyond a certain particle size. The justification for using Langevin theory of\nparamagnetism (including anisotropy energy) to fit the M vs H curve is\ndiscussed. The super-symmetric Hamiltonian approach is used to find out the\nrelaxation time for the spins (making an angle greater than $90^0$ with applied\nfield) at domain wall. The main advantage of our technique is that we can\neasily take into account the time of measurement as we usually do in realistic\nmeasurement."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Intercalation and buckling instability of DNA linker within locked\n  chromatin fiber: The chromatin fiber is a complex of DNA and specific proteins called histones\nforming the first structural level of organization of eukaryotic chromosomes.\nIn tightly organized chromatin fibers, the short segments of naked DNA linking\nthe nucleosomes are strongly end constrained. Longitudinal thermal fluctuations\nin these linkers allow intercalative mode of protein binding. We show that\nmechanical constraints generated in the first stage of the binding process\ninduce linker DNA buckling; buckling in turn modifies the binding energies and\nactivation barriers and creates a force of decondensation at the chromatin\nfiber level. The unique structure and properties of DNA thus yield a novel\nphysical mechanism of buckling instability that might play a key role in the\nregulation of gene expression.",
        "positive": "Generalized hydrodynamics of a dilute finite-sized particles suspension:\n  Dynamic viscosity: We present a mesoscopic hydrodynamic description of the dynamics of colloidal\nsuspensions. We consider the system as a gas of Brownian particles suspended in\na Newtonian heat bath subjected to stationary non-equilibrium conditions\nimposed by a velocity field. Using results already obtained in previous studies\nin the field by means of a generalized Fokker-Planck equation, we obtain a set\nof coupled differential equations for the local diffusion current and the\nevolution of the total stress tensor. We find that the dynamic shear viscosity\nof the system contains contributions arising from the finite size of the\nparticles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Normal heat conductivity in two-dimensional scalar lattices: The paper revisits recent counterintuitive results on divergence of heat\nconduction coefficient in two-dimensional lattices. It was reported that in\ncertain lattices with on-site potential, for which one-dimensional chain has\nconvergent conductivity, for the 2D case it turns out to diverge. We\ndemonstrate that this conclusion is an artifact caused by insufficient size of\nthe simulated system. To overcome computational restrictions, a ribbon of\nrelatively small width is simulated instead of the square specimen. It is\nfurther demonstrated that the heat conduction coefficient in the \"long\"\ndirection of the ribbon ceases to depend on the width, as the latter achieves\nonly 10 to 20 interparticle distances. So, one can consider the dynamics of\nmuch longer systems, than in the traditional setting, and still can gain a\nreliable information regarding the 2D lattice. It turns out that for all\nconsidered models, for which the conductivity is convergent in the 1D case, it\nis indeed convergent in the 2D case. In the same time, however, the length of\nthe system, necessary to reveal the convergence in the 2D case, may be much\nbigger than in its 1D counterpart.",
        "positive": "Fracton hydrodynamics without time-reversal symmetry: We present an effective field theory for the nonlinear fluctuating\nhydrodynamics of a single conserved charge with or without time-reversal\nsymmetry, based on the Martin-Siggia-Rose formalism. Applying this formalism to\nfluids with only charge and multipole conservation, and with broken\ntime-reversal symmetry, we predict infinitely many new dynamical universality\nclasses, including some with arbitrarily large upper critical dimensions. Using\nlarge scale simulations of classical Markov chains, we find numerical evidence\nfor a breakdown of hydrodynamics in quadrupole-conserving models with broken\ntime-reversal symmetry in one spatial dimension."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Condensation and Intermittency in an Open Boundary\n  Aggregation-Fragmentation Model: We study real space condensation in aggregation-fragmentation models where\nthe total mass is not conserved, as in phenomena like cloud formation and\nintracellular trafficking. We study the scaling properties of the system with\ninflux and outflux of mass at the boundaries using numerical simulations,\nsupplemented by analytical results in the absence of fragmentation. The system\nis found to undergo a phase transition to an unusual condensate phase,\ncharacterized by strong intermittency and giant fluctuations of the total mass.\nA related phase transition also occurs for biased movement of large masses, but\nwith some crucial differences which we highlight.",
        "positive": "Universal and non-universal properties of transitions to spatio-temporal\n  chaos in coupled map lattices: We study the transition from laminar to chaotic behavior in deterministic\nchaotic coupled map lattices and in an extension of the stochastic\nDomany--Kinzel cellular automaton [DK]. For the deterministic coupled map\nlattices we find evidence that ``solitons'' can change the {\\em nature} of the\ntransition: for short soliton lifetimes it is of second order, while for longer\nbut {\\em finite} lifetimes, it is more reminiscent of a first order transition.\nIn the second order regime the deterministic model behaves like Directed\nPercolation with infinitely many absorbing states; we present evidence obtained\nfrom the study of bulk properties and the spreading of chaotic seeds in a\nlaminar background. To study the influence of the solitons more specifically,\nwe introduce a soliton including variant of the stochastic Domany--Kinzel\ncellular automaton. Similar to the deterministic model, we find a transition\nfrom second to first order behavior due to the solitons, both in a mean field\nanalysis and in a numerical study of the statistical properties of this\nstochastic model. Our study illustrates that under the appropriate mapping some\ndeterministic chaotic systems behave like stochastic models; but it is hard to\nknow precisely which degrees of freedom need to be included in such\ndescription."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement production due to quench dynamics of an anisotropic XY\n  chain in a transverse field: We compute concurrence and negativity as measures of two-site entanglement\ngenerated by a power-law quench (characterized by a rate 1/tau and an exponent\nalpha) which takes an anisotropic XY chain in a transverse field through a\nquantum critical point (QCP). We show that only the even-neighbor pairs of\nsites get entangled in such a process. Moreover, there is a critical rate of\nquench, 1/tau_c, above which no two-site entanglement is generated; the entire\nentanglement is multipartite. The ratio of the two-site entanglements between\nconsecutive even neighbors can be tuned by changing the quench rate. We also\nshow that for large tau, the concurrence (negativity) scales as sqrt{alpha/tau}\n(alpha/tau), and we relate this scaling behavior to defect production by the\nquench through a QCP.",
        "positive": "Breakdown of a Magnetization Plateau due to Anisotropy in Heisenberg\n  Mixed-Spin Chains: We discuss the critical behavior of the spin-(1,1/2) Heisenberg ferrimagnetic\nchain in a magnetic field, whose magnetization curve exhibits a plateau at a\nthird of the full magnetization. A bond alternation stabilizes the massive\nstate, whereas an exchange anisotropy causes the breakdown of the plateau and\nthe onset of a gapless spin-fluid state, where the transition, lying in the XY\nbut ferromagnetic region, is of Kosterlitz-Thouless type. In order to elucidate\nsignificant quantum effects, we investigate the model of classical version as\nwell."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-time distribution functions in the Gaussian model of randomly forced\n  Burgers turbulence: The problem of randomly forced Burgers turbulence (\"Burgulence\") is\nconsidered in terms of the toy Gaussian Larkin model of directed polymers. In\nterms of the replica technique the explicit expressions for the two-time\nfour-point free energy distribution function is obtained which makes possible\nto derive the exact result for the two-time velocity distribution function in\nthe corresponding Burgulence problem.",
        "positive": "Long time position distribution of an active Brownian particle in two\n  dimensions: We study the late time dynamics of a single active Brownian particle in two\ndimensions with speed $v_0$ and rotation diffusion constant $D_R$. We show that\nat late times $t\\gg D_R^{-1}$, while the position probability distribution\n$P(x,y,t)$ in the $x$-$y$ plane approaches a Gaussian form near its peak\ndescribing the typical diffusive fluctuations, it has non-Gaussian tails\ndescribing atypical rare fluctuations when $\\sqrt{x^2+y^2}\\sim v_0 t$. In this\nregime, the distribution admits a large deviation form, $P(x,y,t) \\sim\n\\exp\\left[-t\\, D_R\\, \\Phi\\left(\\sqrt{x^2+y^2}/(v_0 t)\\right)\\right]$, where we\ncompute the rate function $\\Phi(z)$ analytically and also numerically using an\nimportance sampling method. We show that the rate function $\\Phi(z)$, encoding\nthe rare fluctuations, still carries the trace of activity even at late times.\nAnother way of detecting activity at late times is to subject the active\nparticle to an external harmonic potential. In this case we show that the\nstationary distribution $P_\\text{stat}(x,y)$ depends explicitly on the activity\nparameter $D_R^{-1}$ and undergoes a crossover, as $D_R$ increases, from a ring\nshape in the strongly active limit ($D_R\\to 0$) to a Gaussian shape in the\nstrongly passive limit $(D_R\\to \\infty)$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the compressibility equation of state for multicomponent adhesive\n  hard sphere fluids: The compressibility equation of state for a multicomponent fluid of particles\ninteracting via an infinitely narrow and deep potential, is considered within\nthe mean spherical approximation (MSA). It is shown that for a class of models\nleading to a particular form of the Baxter functions $q_{ij}(r)$ containing\ndensity-independent stickiness coefficient, the compressibility EOS does not\nexist, unlike the one-component case. The reason for this is that a direct\nintegration of the compressibility at fixed composition, cannot be carried out\ndue to the lack of a reciprocity relation on the second order partial\nderivatives of the pressure with respect to two different densities. This is,\nin turn, related to the inadequacy of the MSA. A way out to this drawback is\npresented in a particular example, leading to a consistent compressibility\npressure, and a possible generalization of this result is discussed.",
        "positive": "Discontinuous percolation transitions in real physical systems: We study discontinuous percolation transitions (PT) in the diffusion-limited\ncluster aggregation model of the sol-gel transition as an example of real\nphysical systems, in which the number of aggregation events is regarded as the\nnumber of bonds occupied in the system. When particles are Brownian, in which\ncluster velocity depends on cluster size as $v_s \\sim s^{\\eta}$ with\n$\\eta=-0.5$, a larger cluster has less probability to collide with other\nclusters because of its smaller mobility. Thus, the cluster is effectively more\nsuppressed in growth of its size. Then the giant cluster size increases\ndrastically by merging those suppressed clusters near the percolation\nthreshold, exhibiting a discontinuous PT. We also study the tricritical\nbehavior by controlling the parameter $\\eta$, and the tricritical point is\ndetermined by introducing an asymmetric Smoluchowski equation."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Work fluctuation theorems for harmonic oscillators: The work fluctuations of an oscillator in contact with a thermostat and\ndriven out of equilibrium by an external force are studied experimentally and\ntheoretically within the context of Fluctuation Theorems (FTs). The oscillator\ndynamics is modeled by a second order Langevin equation. Both the transient and\nstationary state fluctuation theorems hold and the finite time corrections are\nvery different from those of a first order Langevin equation. The periodic\nforcing of the oscillator is also studied; it presents new and unexpected short\ntime convergences. Analytical expressions are given in all cases.",
        "positive": "Entanglement statistics in Markovian open quantum systems: a matter of\n  mutation and selection: Controlling dynamical fluctuations in open quantum systems is essential both\nfor our comprehension of quantum nonequilibrium behaviour and for its possible\napplication in near-term quantum technologies. However, understanding these\nfluctuations is extremely challenging due, to a large extent, to a lack of\nefficient important sampling methods for quantum systems. Here, we devise a\nunified framework --based on population-dynamics methods-- for the evaluation\nof the full probability distribution of generic time-integrated observables in\nMarkovian quantum jump processes. These include quantities carrying information\nabout genuine quantum features, such as quantum superposition or entanglement,\nnot accessible with existing numerical techniques. The algorithm we propose\nprovides dynamical free-energy and entropy functionals which, akin to their\nequilibrium counterpart, permit to unveil intriguing phase-transition behaviour\nin quantum trajectories. We discuss some applications and further disclose\ncoexistence and hysteresis, between a highly entangled phase and a low\nentangled one, in large fluctuations of a strongly interacting few-body system."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermodynamic stability of hard sphere crystals in dimensions 3 through\n  10: Although much is known about the metastable liquid branch of hard\nspheres--from low dimension $d$ up to ${d\\to\\infty}$--its crystal counterpart\nremains largely unexplored for $d>3$. In particular, it is unclear whether the\ncrystal phase is thermodynamically stable in high dimensions and thus whether a\nmean-field theory of crystals can ever be exact. In order to determine the\nstability range of hard sphere crystals, their equation of state is here\nestimated from numerical simulations, and fluid-crystal coexistence conditions\nare determined using a generalized Frenkel-Ladd scheme to compute absolute\ncrystal free energies. The results show that the crystal phase is stable at\nleast up to $d=10$, and the dimensional trends suggest that crystal stability\nlikely persists well beyond that point.",
        "positive": "Study of the upper-critical dimension of the East model through the\n  breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation: We investigate the dimensional dependence of dynamical fluctuations related\nto dynamic heterogeneity in supercooled liquid systems using kinetically\nconstrained models. The $d$-dimensional spin-facilitated East model with\nembedded probe particles is used as a representative super-Arrhenius glass\nforming system. We investigate the existence of an upper critical dimension in\nthis model by considering decoupling of transport rates through an effective\nfractional Stokes-Einstein relation, $D\\sim{\\tau}^{-1+\\omega}$, with $D$ and\n$\\tau$ the diffusion constant of the probe particle and the relaxation time of\nthe model liquid, respectively, and where $\\omega > 0$ encodes the breakdown of\nthe standard Stokes-Einstein relation. To the extent that decoupling indicates\nnon mean-field behavior, our simulations suggest that the East model has an\nupper critical dimension which is at least above $d=10$, and argue that it may\nbe actually be infinite. This result is due to the existence of hierarchical\ndynamics in the East model in any finite dimension. We discuss the relevance of\nthese results for studies of decoupling in high dimensional atomistic models."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Eigenvalues and Singular Values of Products of Rectangular Gaussian\n  Random Matrices (The Extended Version): We consider a product of an arbitrary number of independent rectangular\nGaussian random matrices. We derive the mean densities of its eigenvalues and\nsingular values in the thermodynamic limit, eventually verified numerically.\nThese densities are encoded in the form of the so called M-transforms, for\nwhich polynomial equations are found. We exploit the methods of planar\ndiagrammatics, enhanced to the non-Hermitian case, and free random variables,\nrespectively; both are described in the appendices. As particular results of\nthese two main equations, we find the singular behavior of the spectral\ndensities near zero. Moreover, we propose a finite-size form of the spectral\ndensity of the product close to the border of its eigenvalues' domain. Also,\nled by the striking similarity between the two main equations, we put forward a\nconjecture about a simple relationship between the eigenvalues and singular\nvalues of any non-Hermitian random matrix whose spectrum exhibits rotational\nsymmetry around zero.",
        "positive": "Non-chiral spin frustration versus highly degenerate ferromagnetic state\n  with local chiral degrees of freedom of an exactly solvable spin-electron\n  planar model of inter-connected trigonal bipyramids: The frustration phenomenon in an exactly solvable spin-electron planar model\nconstituted by identical bipyramidal plaquettes is discussed within the\nToulouse's and dos Santos and Lyra's frustration concepts. It is shown that the\nground state of the model contains the unfrustrated spontaneously ordered\nquantum ferromagnetic phase with local chiral degrees of freedom in the\nelectron sub-lattice and the disordered quantum one, where both the Ising and\nelectron sub-lattices are frustrated. The frustration of the latter sub-lattice\npersists at finite temperatures, but only in the disordered region. It finally\nvanishes at a certain frustration temperature. The reentrant behaviour of the\nfrustration in the electron sub-lattice with three consecutive frustration\ntemperatures due to a competition with the unfrustrated ferromagnetic spin\narrangement near the ground-state phase transition can also be observed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Critical percolation in the dynamics of the 2d ferromagnetic Ising model: We study the early time dynamics of the 2d ferromagnetic Ising model\ninstantaneously quenched from the disordered to the ordered, low temperature,\nphase. We evolve the system with kinetic Monte Carlo rules that do not conserve\nthe order parameter. We confirm the rapid approach to random critical\npercolation in a time-scale that diverges with the system size but is much\nshorter than the equilibration time. We study the scaling properties of the\nevolution towards critical percolation and we identify an associated growing\nlength, different from the curvature driven one. By working with the model\ndefined on square, triangular and honeycomb microscopic geometries we establish\nthe dependence of this growing length on the lattice coordination. We discuss\nthe interplay with the usual coarsening mechanism and the eventual fall into\nand escape from metastability.",
        "positive": "Ground state optimization and hysteretic demagnetization: the\n  random-field Ising model: We compare the ground state of the random-field Ising model with Gaussian\ndistributed random fields, with its non-equilibrium hysteretic counterpart, the\ndemagnetized state. This is a low energy state obtained by a sequence of slow\nmagnetic field oscillations with decreasing amplitude. The main concern is how\noptimized the demagnetized state is with respect to the best-possible ground\nstate. Exact results for the energy in d=1 show that in a paramagnet, with\nfinite spin-spin correlations, there is a significant difference in the\nenergies if the disorder is not so strong that the states are trivially almost\nalike. We use numerical simulations to better characterize the difference\nbetween the ground state and the demagnetized state. For d>=3 the random-field\nIsing model displays a disorder induced phase transition between a paramagnetic\nand a ferromagnetic state. The locations of the critical points R_c(DS),\nR_c(GS) differ for the demagnetized state and ground state. Consequently, it is\nin this regime that the optimization of the demagnetized stat is the worst\nwhereas both deep in the paramagnetic regime and in the ferromagnetic one the\nstates resemble each other to a great extent. We argue based on the numerics\nthat in d=3 the scaling at the transition is the same in the demagnetized and\nground states. This claim is corroborated by the exact solution of the model on\nthe Bethe lattice, where the R_c's are also different."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An extinction-survival-type phase transition in the probabilistic\n  cellular automaton p182-q200: We investigate the critical behaviour of a probabilistic mixture of cellular\nautomata (CA) rules 182 and 200 (in Wolfram's enumeration scheme) by mean-field\nanalysis and Monte Carlo simulations. We found that as we switch off one CA and\nswitch on the other by the variation of the single paramenter of the model the\nprobabilistic CA (PCA) goes through an extinction-survival-type phase\ntransition, and the numerical data indicate that it belongs to the directed\npercolation universality class of critical behaviour. The PCA displays a\ncharacteristic stationary density profile and a slow, diffusive dynamics close\nto the pure CA 200 point that we discuss briefly. Remarks on an interesting\nrelated stochastic lattice gas are addressed in the conclusions.",
        "positive": "Subdiffusive Brownian ratchets rocked by a periodic force: This work puts forward a generalization of the well-known rocking Markovian\nBrownian ratchets to the realm of antipersistent non-Markovian subdiffusion in\nviscoelastic media. A periodically forced subdiffusion in a parity-broken\nratchet potential is considered within the non-Markovian generalized Langevin\nequation (GLE) description with a power-law memory kernel $\\eta(t)\\propto\nt^{-\\alpha}$ ($0<\\alpha<1$). It is shown that subdiffusive rectification\ncurrents, defined through the mean displacement and subvelocity $v_{\\alpha}$,\n$<\\delta x(t)>\\sim v_{\\alpha} t^{\\alpha}/ \\Gamma(1+\\alpha)$, emerge\nasymptotically due to the breaking of the detailed balance symmetry by driving.\nThe asymptotic exponent is $\\alpha$, the same as for free subdiffusion,\n$<\\delta x^2(t)>\\propto t^\\alpha$.\n  However, a transient to this regime with some time-dependent $\\alpha_{\\rm\neff}(t)$ gradually decaying in time, $\\alpha\\leq \\alpha_{\\rm eff}(t)\\leq 1$,\ncan be very slow depending on the barrier height and the driving field\nstrength. In striking contrast to its normal diffusion counterpart, the\nanomalous rectification current is absent asymptotically in the limit of\nadiabatic driving with frequency $\\Omega\\to 0$, displaying a resonance like\ndependence on the driving frequency. However, an anomalous current inversion\noccurs for a sufficiently fast driving, like in the normal diffusion case. In\nthe lowest order of the driving field, such a rectification current presents a\nquadratic response effect. Beyond perturbation regime it exhibits a broad\nmaximum versus the driving field strength. Moreover, anomalous current exhibits\na maximum versus the potential amplitude."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Local and non-local properties of the entanglement Hamiltonian for two\n  disjoint intervals: We consider free-fermion chains in the ground state and the entanglement\nHamiltonian for a subsystem consisting of two separated intervals. In this\ncase, one has a peculiar long-range hopping between the intervals in addition\nto the well-known and dominant short-range hopping. We show how the continuum\nexpressions can be recovered from the lattice results for general filling and\narbitrary intervals. We also discuss the closely related case of a single\ninterval located at a certain distance from the end of a semi-infinite chain\nand the continuum limit for this problem. Finally, we show that for the double\ninterval in the continuum a commuting operator exists which can be used to find\nthe eigenstates.",
        "positive": "Fisher zeros and persistent temporal oscillations in non-unitary quantum\n  circuits: We present a quantum circuit with measurements and post-selection that\nexhibits a panoply of space- and/or time-ordered phases, from ferromagnetic\norder to spin-density waves to time crystals. Unlike the time crystals that\nhave been found in unitary models, those that occur here are\n\\emph{incommensurate} with the drive frequency. The period of the\nincommensurate time-crystal phase may be tuned by adjusting the circuit\nparameters. We demonstrate that the phases of our quantum circuit, including\nthe inherently non-equilibrium dynamical ones, correspond to\ncomplex-temperature equilibrium phases of the exactly solvable square-lattice\nanisotropic Ising model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Generalized Pauli principle for particles with distinguishable traits: The s=3/2 Ising spin chain with uniform nearest-neighbor coupling, quadratic\nsingle-site potential, and magnetic field is shown to be equivalent to a system\nof 17 species of particles with internal structure. The same set of particles\n(with different energies) is shown to generate the spectrum of the s=1/2 Ising\nchain with dimerized nearest-neighbor coupling. The particles are free of\ninteraction energies even at high densities. The mutual exclusion statistics of\nparticles from all species is determined by their internal structure and\nencoded in a generalized Pauli principle. The exact statistical mechanical\nanalysis can be performed for thermodynamically open or closed systems and with\narbitrary energies assigned to all particle species. Special circumstances make\nit possible to merge two or more species into a single species. All traits that\ndistinguish the original species become ignorable. The particles from the\nmerged species are effectively indistinguishable and obey modified exclusion\nstatistics. Different mergers may yield the same endproduct, implying that the\ninverse process (splitting any species into subspecies) is not unique. In a\nmacroscopic system of two merged species at thermal equilibrium, the\nconcentrations of the original species satisfy a functional relation governed\nby their mutual statistical interaction. That relation is derivable from an\nextremum principle. In the Ising context the system is open and the particle\nenergies depend on the Hamiltonian parameters. Simple models of polymerization\nand solitonic paramagnetism each represent a closed system of two species that\ncan transform into each other. Here they represent distinguishable traits with\ndifferent energies of the same physical particle.",
        "positive": "Ballistic resonance and thermalization in Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou chain\n  at finite temperature: We study conversion of thermal energy to mechanical energy and vice versa in\n$\\alpha$-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou~(FPUT) chain with spatially sinusoidal\nprofile of initial temperature. We show analytically that coupling between\nmacroscopic dynamics and quasiballistic heat transport gives rise to mechanical\nvibrations with growing amplitude. This new phenomenon is referred to as\n\"ballistic resonance\". At large times, these mechanical vibrations decay\nmonotonically, and therefore the well-known FPUT recurrence paradox occurring\nat zero temperature is eliminated at finite temperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Conformal four-point correlators of the 3D Ising transition via the\n  quantum fuzzy sphere: In conformal field theory (CFT), the four-point correlator is a fundamental\nobject that encodes CFT properties, constrains CFT structures, and connects to\nthe gravitational scattering amplitude in holography theory. However, the\nfour-point correlator of CFTs in dimensions higher than 2D remains largely\nunexplored due to the lack of non-perturbative tools. In this paper, we\nintroduce a new approach for directly computing four-point correlators of 3D\nCFTs. Our method employs the recently proposed fuzzy (non-commutative) sphere\nregularization, and we apply it to the paradigmatic 3D Ising CFT. Specifically,\nwe have computed three different four-point correlators: $\\langle\n\\sigma\\sigma\\sigma\\sigma\\rangle$, $\\langle\n\\sigma\\sigma\\epsilon\\epsilon\\rangle$, and $\\langle \\sigma\\sigma T_{\\mu\\nu}\nT_{\\rho\\eta}\\rangle$. Additionally, we verify the crossing symmetry of $\\langle\n\\sigma\\sigma\\sigma\\sigma\\rangle$, which is a notable property arising from\nconformal symmetry. Remarkably, the computed four-point correlators exhibit\ncontinuous crossing ratios, showcasing the continuum nature of the fuzzy sphere\nregularization scheme. This characteristic renders them highly suitable for\nfuture theoretical applications, enabling further advancements and insights in\n3D CFT.",
        "positive": "Relaxation time for the temperature in a dilute binary mixture from\n  classical kinetic theory: The system of our interest is a dilute binary mixture, in which we consider\nthat the species have different temperatures as an initial condition. To study\ntheir time evolution, we use the full version of the Boltzmann equation, under\nthe hypothesis of partial local equilibrium for both species. Neither a\ndiffusion force nor mass diffusion appears in the system. We also estimate the\ntime in which the temperatures of the components reach the full local\nequilibrium. In solving the Boltzmann equation, we imposed no assumptions on\nthe collision term. We work out its solution by using the well known\nChapman-Enskog method to first order in the gradients. The time in which the\ntemperatures relax is obtained following Landau's original idea. The result is\nthat the relaxation time for the temperatures is much smaller than the\ncharacteristic hydrodynamical times but greater than a collisional time. The\nmain conclusion is that there is no need to study binary mixtures with\ndifferent temperatures when hydrodynamical properties are sought."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Geometric approach to Hamiltonian dynamics and statistical mechanics: This paper is a review of results which have been recently obtained by\napplying mathematical concepts drawn, in particular, from differential geometry\nand topology, to the physics of Hamiltonian dynamical systems with many degrees\nof freedom of interest for statistical mechanics. The first part of the paper\nconcerns the applications of methods used in classical differential geometry to\nstudy the chaotic dynamics of Hamiltonian systems. Starting from the identity\nbetween the trajectories of a dynamical system and the geodesics in its\nconfiguration space, a geometric theory of chaotic dynamics can be developed,\nwhich sheds new light on the origin of chaos in Hamiltonian systems. In fact,\nit appears that chaos can be induced not only by negative curvatures, as was\noriginally surmised, but also by positive curvatures, provided the curvatures\nare fluctuating along the geodesics. In the case of a system with a large\nnumber of degrees of freedom it is possible to give an analytical estimate of\nthe largest Lyapunov exponent by means of a geometric model independent of the\ndynamics. In the second part of the paper the phenomenon of phase transitions\nis addressed and it is here that topology comes into play. In fact, when a\nsystem undergoes a phase transition, the fluctuations of the\nconfiguration-space curvature exhibit a singular behavior at the phase\ntransition point, which can be qualitatively reproduced using geometric models.\nIn these models the origin of the singular behavior of the curvature\nfluctuations appears to be caused by a topological transition in configuration\nspace. This leads us to put forward a Topological Hypothesis (TH). The content\nof the TH is that phase transitions would be related at a deeper level to a\nchange in the topology of the configuration space of the system.",
        "positive": "50 years of quantum spin liquids: In 1973, Philip Anderson published a paper introducing the resonating valence\nbond state, which can be recognized in retrospect as a topologically ordered\nphase of matter - one that cannot be classified in the conventional way\naccording to its patterns of spontaneously broken symmetry. Steven Kivelson and\nShivaji Sondhi reflect on the impact of this paper over the past 50 years."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Inference and Chaos by a Network of Non-monotonic Neurons: The generalization properties of an attractive network of non monotonic\nneurons which infers concepts from samples are studied. The macroscopic\ndynamics for the overlap between the state of the neurons with the concepts,\nwell as the activity of the neurons, are obtained and searched for through its\nnumerical behavior. Complex behavior leading from fixed points to chaos through\na cascade of bifurcation are found, when we increase the correlation between\nsamples or decrease the activity of the samples and the load of concepts, or\ntune the threshold of fatigue of the neurons. Both the information dimension\nand the Liapunov exponent are given, and a phase diagram is built.",
        "positive": "Universal high-frequency transport in perfect photonic crystals: The light scattering in the periodic dielectric cylinder array is studied. We\nanalytically calculate the diffusive-ballistic transport crossover and find the\nweak localization superimposing on it.\n  Possible experimental observations are analyzed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Three-dimensional correlated-fermion phase separation from analysis of\n  the geometric mean of the individual susceptibilities: A quasi-Gaussian approximation scheme is formulated to study the strongly\ncorrelated imbalanced fermions thermodynamics, where the mean-field theory is\nnot applicable. The non-Gaussian correlation effects are understood to be\ncaptured by the statistical geometric mean of the individual susceptibilities.\nIn the three-dimensional unitary fermions ground state, an {\\em universal}\nnon-linear scaling transformation relates the physical chemical potentials with\nthe individual Fermi kinetic energies. For the partial polarization phase\nseparation to full polarization, the calculated critical polarization ratio is\n$P_C={[1-(1-\\xi)^{6/5}]}/{[1+(1-\\xi)^{6/5}]}\\doteq 0.34$. The $\\xi=4/9$ defines\nthe ratio of the symmetric ground state energy density to that of the ideal\nfermion gas.",
        "positive": "Logarithmic corrections in the free energy of monomer-dimer model on\n  plane lattices with free boundaries: Using exact computations we study the classical hard-core monomer-dimer\nmodels on m x n plane lattice strips with free boundaries. For an arbitrary\nnumber v of monomers (or vacancies), we found a logarithmic correction term in\nthe finite-size correction of the free energy. The coefficient of the\nlogarithmic correction term depends on the number of monomers present (v) and\nthe parity of the width n of the lattice strip: the coefficient equals to v\nwhen n is odd, and v/2 when n is even. The results are generalizations of the\nprevious results for a single monomer in an otherwise fully packed lattice of\ndimers."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On Fractional Diffusion and its Relation with Continuous Time Random\n  Walks: Time evolutions whose infinitesimal generator is a fractional time derivative\narise generally in the long time limit. Such fractional time evolutions are\nconsidered here for random walks. An exact relationship is given between the\nfractional master equation and a separable continuous time random walk of the\nMontroll-Weiss type. The waiting time density can be expressed using a\ngeneralized Mittag-Leffler function. The first moment of the waiting density\ndoes not exist.",
        "positive": "Analyzing X-ray Thomson scattering experiments of warm dense matter in\n  the imaginary-time domain: theoretical models and simulations: The rigorous diagnostics of experiments with warm dense matter (WDM) is\nnotoriously difficult. A key method is given by X-ray Thomson scattering\n(XRTS), but the interpretation of XRTS measurements is usually based on\ntheoretical models that entail various approximations. Recently, Dornheim et\nal. [arXiv:2206.12805] have introduced a new framework for temperature\ndiagnostics of XRTS experiments that is based on imaginary-time correlation\nfunctions (ITCF). On the one hand, switching from the frequency- to the\nimaginary-time domain gives one direct access to a number of physical\nproperties, which facilitates the extraction of the temperature of arbitrarily\ncomplex materials without any models or approximations. On the other hand, the\nbulk of theoretical works in dynamic quantum many-body theory is devoted to the\nfrequency-domain, and, to our knowledge, the manifestation of physics\nproperties within the ITCF remains poorly understood. In the present work, we\naim to change this unsatisfactory situation by introducing a simple,\nsemi-analytical model for the imaginary-time dependence of two-body\ncorrelations within the framework of imaginary-time path integrals. As a\npractical example, we compare our new model to extensive ab initio path\nintegral Monte Carlo results for the ITCF of a uniform electron gas, and find\nexcellent agreement over a broad range of wave numbers, densities, and\ntemperatures."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Two-fluid hydrodynamic modes in a trapped superfluid gas: In the collisional region at finite temperatures, the collective modes of\nsuperfluids are described by the Landau two-fluid hydrodynamic equations. This\nregion can now be probed over the entire BCS-BEC crossover in trapped Fermi\nsuperfluids with a Feshbach resonance, including the unitarity region. Building\non the approach initiated by Zaremba, Nikuni, and Griffin in 1999 for trapped\natomic Bose gases, we present a new variational formulation of two-fluid\nhydrodynamic collective modes based on the work of Zilsel in 1950 developed for\nsuperfluid helium. Assuming a simple variational ansatz for the superfluid and\nnormal fluid velocities, the frequencies of the hydrodynamic modes are given by\nsolutions of coupled algebraic equations, with constants only involving spatial\nintegrals over various equilibrium thermodynamic derivatives. This variational\napproach is both simpler and more physical than a direct attempt to solve the\nLandau two-fluid differential equations. Our two-fluid results are shown to\nreduce to those of Pitaevskii and Stringari for a pure superfluid at T=0.",
        "positive": "Encoding information into precipitation structures: Material design at submicron scales would be profoundly affected if the\nformation of precipitation patterns could be easily controlled. It would allow\nthe direct building of bulk structures, in contrast to traditional techniques\nwhich consist of removing material in order to create patterns. Here, we\ndiscuss an extension of our recent proposal of using electrical currents to\ncontrol precipitation bands which emerge in the wake of reaction fronts in\nA^{+} + B^{-} -> C reaction-diffusion processes. Our main result, based on\nsimulating the reaction-diffusion-precipitation equations, is that the dynamics\nof the charged agents can be guided by an appropriately designed time-dependent\nelectric current so that, in addition to the control of the band spacing, the\nwidth of the precipitation bands can also be tuned. This makes straightforward\nthe encoding of information into precipitation patterns and, as an amusing\nexample, we demonstrate the feasibility by showing how to encode a musical\nrhythm."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Noise, Synchrony and Correlations at the Edge of Chaos: We study the effect of a weak random additive noise in a linear chain of N\nlocally-coupled logistic maps at the edge of chaos. Maps tend to synchronize\nfor a strong enough coupling, but if a weak noise is added, very intermittent\nfluctuations in the returns time series are observed. This intermittency tends\nto disappear when noise is increased. Considering the pdfs of the returns, we\nobserve the emergence of fat tails which can be satisfactorily reproduced by\n$q$-Gaussians curves typical of nonextensive statistical mechanics.\nInteroccurrence times of these extreme events are also studied in detail.\nSimilarities with recent analysis of financial data are also discussed.",
        "positive": "Dynamical dimer correlations at bipartite and non-bipartite\n  Rokhsar-Kivelson points: We determine the dynamical dimer correlation functions of quantum dimer\nmodels at the Rokhsar-Kivelson point on the bipartite square and cubic lattices\nand the non-bipartite triangular lattice. Based on an algorithmic idea by\nHenley, we simulate a stochastic process of classical dimer configurations in\ncontinuous time and perform a stochastic analytical continuation to obtain the\ndynamical correlations in momentum space and the frequency domain. This\napproach allows us to observe directly the dispersion relations and the\nevolution of the spectral intensity within the Brillouin zone beyond the\nsingle-mode approximation. On the square lattice, we confirm analytical\npredictions related to soft modes close to the wavevectors (pi,pi) and (pi,0)\nand further reveal the existence of shadow bands close to the wavevector (0,0).\nOn the cubic lattice the spectrum is also gapless but here only a single soft\nmode at (pi,pi,pi) is found, as predicted by the single mode approximation. The\nsoft mode has a quadratic dispersion at very long wavelength, but crosses over\nto a linear behavior very rapidly. We believe this to be the remnant of the\nlinearly dispersing \"photon\" of the Coulomb phase. Finally the triangular\nlattice is in a fully gapped liquid phase where the bottom of the dimer\nspectrum exhibits a rich structure. At the M point the gap is minimal and the\nspectral response is dominated by a sharp quasiparticle peak. On the other\nhand, at the X point the spectral function is much broader. We sketch a\npossible explanation based on the crossing of the coherent dimer excitations\ninto the two-vison continuum."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fracture and second-order phase transitions: Using the global fiber bundle model as a tractable scheme of progressive\nfracture in heterogeneous materials, we define the branching ratio in\navalanches as a suitable order parameter to clarify the order of the phase\ntransition occurring at the collapse of the system. The model is analyzed using\na probabilistic approach suited to smooth fluctuations. The branching ratio\nshows a behavior analogous to the magnetization in known magnetic systems with\n2nd-order phase transitions. We obtain a universal critical exponent\n$\\beta\\approx 0.5$ independent of the probability distribution used to assign\nthe strengths of individual fibers.",
        "positive": "Nonextensive statistical mechanics: Some links with astronomical\n  phenomena: A variety of astronomical phenomena appear to not satisfy the ergodic\nhypothesis in the relevant stationary state, if any. As such, there is no\nreason for expecting the applicability of Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistical\nmechanics. Some of these phenomena appear to follow, instead, nonextensive\nstatistical mechanics. In the same manner that the BG formalism is based on the\nentropy $S_{BG}=-k \\sum_i p_i \\ln p_i$, the nonextensive one is based on the\nform $S_q=k(1-\\sum_ip_i^q)/(q-1)$ (with $S_1=S_{BG}$). The stationary states of\nthe former are characterized by an {\\it exponential} dependence on the energy,\nwhereas those of the latter are characterized by an (asymptotic) {\\it\npower-law}. A brief review of this theory is given here, as well as of some of\nits applications, such as the solar neutrino problem, polytropic\nself-gravitating systems, galactic peculiar velocities, cosmic rays and some\ncosmological aspects. In addition to these, an analogy with the Keplerian\nelliptic orbits {\\it versus} the Ptolemaic epicycles is developed, where we\nshow that optimizing $S_q$ with a few constraints is equivalent to optimizing\n$S_{BG}$ with an infinite number of constraints."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scaling of Loschmidt echo in boundary driven critical Z-3 Potts model: Low frequency perturbations at the boundary of critical quantum chains can be\nunderstood in terms of the sequence of boundary conditions imposed by them, as\nhas been previously demonstrated in the Ising and related fermion models. Using\nextensive numerical simulations, we explore the scaling behavior of the\nLoschmidt echo under longitudinal field perturbations at the boundary of a\ncritical $\\mathbb{Z}_3$ Potts model. We show that at times much larger than the\nrelaxation time after a boundary quench, the Loschmidt-echo has a power-law\nscaling as expected from interpreting the quench as insertion of boundary\ncondition changing operators. Similar scaling is observed as a function of\ntime-period under a low frequency square-wave pulse. We present numerical\nevidence which indicate that under a sinusoidal or triangular pulse, scaling\nwith time period is modified by Kibble-Zurek effect, again similar to the case\nof the Ising model. Results confirm the validity, beyond the Ising model, of\nthe treatment of the boundary perturbations in terms of the effect on boundary\nconditions.",
        "positive": "Price Drops, Fluctuations, and Correlation in a Multi-Agent Model of\n  Stock Markets: In this paper we compare market price fluctuations with the response to\nfundamental price drops within the Lux-Marchesi model which is able to\nreproduce the most important stylized facts of real market data. Major\ndifferences can be observed between the decay of spontaneous fluctuations and\nof changes due to external perturbations reflecting the absence of detailed\nbalance, i.e., of the validity of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. We found\nthat fundamental price drops are followed by an overshoot with a rather robust\ncharacteristic time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficiency at maximum power of thermally coupled heat engines: We study the efficiency at maximum power of two coupled heat engines, using\nthermoelectric generators (TEGs) as engines. Assuming that the heat and\nelectric charge fluxes in the TEGs are strongly coupled, we simulate\nnumerically the dependence of the behavior of the global system on the\nelectrical load resistance of each generator in order to obtain the working\ncondition that permits maximization of the output power. It turns out that this\ncondition is not unique. We derive a simple analytic expression giving the\nrelation between the electrical load resistance of each generator permitting\noutput power maximization. We then focuse on the efficiency at maximum power\n(EMP) of the whole system to demonstrate that the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency may\nnot always be recovered: the EMP varies with the specific working conditions of\neach generator but remains in the range predicted by irreversible\nthermodynamics theory. We finally discuss our results in light of non-ideal\nCarnot engine behavior.",
        "positive": "Kinetic step bunching during surface growth: We study the step bunching kinetic instability in a growing crystal surface\ncharacterized by anisotropic diffusion. The instability is due to the interplay\nbetween the elastic interactions and the alternation of step parameters. This\ninstability is predicted to occur on a vicinal semiconductor surface Si(001) or\nGe(001) during epitaxial growth. The maximal growth rate of the step bunching\nincreases like $F^{4}$, where $F$ is the deposition flux. Our results are\ncomplemented with numerical simulations which reveals a coarsening behavior on\nthe long time for the nonlinear step dynamics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Slow dynamics of Zero Range Process in the Framework of Traps Model: The relaxation dynamics of zero range process (ZRP) has always been an\ninteresting problem. In this study, we set up the relationship between ZRP and\ntraps model, and investigate the slow dynamics of ZRP in the framework of traps\nmodel. Through statistical quantities such as the average rest time, the\nparticle distribution, the two-time correlation function and the average escape\ntime, we find that the particle interaction, especially the resulted\ncondensation, can significantly influence the dynamics. In the stationary\nstate, both the average rest time and the average escape time caused by the\nattraction among particles are obtained analytically. In the transient state, a\nhierarchical nature of the aging dynamics is revealed by both simulations and\nscaling analysis. Moreover, by comparing the particle diffusion in both the\ntransient state and the stationary state, we find that the closer ZRP systems\napproach the stationary state, the more slowly particles diffuse.",
        "positive": "Harmonically confined particles with long-range repulsive interactions: We study an interacting system of $N$ classical particles on a line at\nthermal equilibrium. The particles are confined by a harmonic trap and\nrepelling each other via pairwise interaction potential that behaves as a power\nlaw $\\propto \\sum_{\\substack{i\\neq j}}^N|x_i-x_j|^{-k}$ (with $k>-2$) of their\nmutual distance. This is a generalization of the well known cases of the one\ncomponent plasma ($k=-1$), Dyson's log-gas ($k\\to 0^+$), and the Calogero-Moser\nmodel ($k=2$). Due to the competition between harmonic confinement and pairwise\nrepulsion, the particles spread over a finite region of space for all $k>-2$.\nWe compute exactly the average density profile for large $N$ for all $k>-2$ and\nshow that while it is independent of temperature for sufficiently low\ntemperature, it has a rich and nontrivial dependence on $k$ with distinct\nbehavior for $-2<k<1$, $k>1$ and $k=1$."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fisher zeros in the Kallen-Lehmann approach to 3D Ising model: The distribution of the Fisher zeros in the Kallen-Lehmann approach to\nthree-dimensional Ising model is studied. It is argued that the presence of a\nnon-trivial angle (a cusp) in the distribution of zeros in the complex\ntemperatures plane near the physical singularity is realized through a strong\nbreaking of the 2D Ising self-duality. Remarkably, the realization of the cusp\nin the Fisher distribution ultimately leads to an improvement of the results of\nthe Kallen-Lehmann ansatz. In fact, excellent agreement with Monte Carlo\npredictions both at high and at low temperatures is observed. Besides,\nagreement between both approaches is found for the predictions of the critical\nexponent alpha and of the universal amplitude ratio Delta = A_+/A_-, within the\n3.5% and 7% of the Monte Carlo predictions, respectively.",
        "positive": "Universality in coupled stochastic Burgers systems with degenerate flux\n  Jacobian: In our contribution we study stochastic models in one space dimension with\ntwo conservation laws. One model is the coupled continuum stochastic Burgers\nequation, for which each current is a sum of quadratic non-linearities, linear\ndiffusion, and spacetime white noise. The second model is a two-lane stochastic\nlattice gas. As distinct from previous studies, the two conserved densities are\ntuned such that the flux Jacobian, a $2 \\times 2$ matrix, has coinciding\neigenvalues. In the steady state, investigated are spacetime correlations of\nthe conserved fields and the time-integrated currents at the origin. For a\nparticular choice of couplings the dynamical exponent 3/2 is confirmed.\nFurthermore, at these couplings, continuum stochastic Burgers equation and\nlattice gas are demonstrated to be in the same universality class."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Beat of a current: The fluctuation relation, a milestone of modern thermodynamics, is only\nestablished when a set of fundamental currents can be measured. Here we prove\nthat it also holds for systems with hidden transitions if observations are\ncarried ``at their own beat,'' that is, by stopping the experiment after a\nfixed number of visible transitions, rather than the elapse of an external\nclock time. This suggests that thermodynamic symmetries are more resistant to\nthe loss of information when described in the space of transitions.",
        "positive": "Disordered fermions on lattices and their spectral properties: We study Fermionic systems on a lattice with random interactions through\ntheir dynamics and the associated KMS states. We extend to the disordered CAR\nalgebra, some standard results concerning the spectral properties exhibited by\ntemperature states for disordered quantum spin systems. We discuss the Arveson\nspectrum and its connection with the Connes and Borchers $\\G$-invariants for\nsuch W*-dynamical systems. In the case of KMS states exhibiting a natural\nproperty of invariance with respect to the spatial translations, some\ninteresting properties, associated with standard spin-glass-like behaviour,\nemerge naturally. It covers infinite-volume limits of finite-volume Gibbs\nstates, that is the quenched disorder for Fermions living on a standard lattice\nZ^d. In particular, we show that a temperature state of the systems under\nconsideration can generate only a type III von Neumann algebra (with the type\nIII_0 component excluded). Moreover, in the case of the pure thermodynamic\nphase, the associated von Neumann algebra is of type III_\\l$ for some \\l\nin(0,1] independent of the disorder. Such a result is in accordance with the\nprinciple of self-averaging which affirms that the physically relevant\nquantities do not depend on the disorder. The present approach can be viewed as\na further step towards fully understanding the very complicated structure of\nthe set of temperature states of quantum spin glasses, and its connection with\nthe breakdown of the symmetry for the replicas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase separation and critical percolation in bidimensional spin-exchange\n  models: Binary mixtures prepared in an homogeneous phase and quenched into a\ntwo-phase region phase-separate via a coarsening process whereby domains of the\ntwo phases grow in time. With a numerical study of a spin-exchange model we\nshow that this dynamics first takes a system with equal density of the two\nspecies to a critical percolation state. We prove this claim and we determine\nthe time-dependence of the growing length associated to this process with the\nscaling analysis of the statistical and morphological properties of the\nclusters of the two phases.",
        "positive": "Autonomous models solvable through the full interval method: The most general exclusion single species one dimensional reaction-diffusion\nmodels with nearest-neighbor interactions which are both autonomous and can be\nsolved exactly through full interval method are introduced. Using a generating\nfunction method, the general solution for, $F_n$, the probability that $n$\nconsecutive sites be full, is obtained. Some other correlation functions of\nnumber operators at nonadjacent sites are also explicitly obtained. It is shown\nthat for a special choice of initial conditions some correlation functions of\nnumber operators called full intervals remain uncorrelated."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Morphometric approach to many-body correlations in hard spheres: We model the thermodynamics of local structures within the hard sphere liquid\nat arbitrary volume fractions through the \\textit{morphometric} calculation of\n$n$-body correlations. We calculate absolute free energies of local geometric\nmotifs in excellent quantitative agreement with molecular dynamics simulations\nacross the liquid and supercooled liquid regimes. We find a bimodality in the\ndensity library of states where five-fold symmetric structures appear lower in\nfree energy than four-fold symmetric structures, and from a single reaction\npath predict a relaxation barrier which scales linearly in the compressibility\nfactor. The method provides a new route to assess changes in the free energy\nlandscape at volume fractions dynamically inaccessible to conventional\ntechniques.",
        "positive": "Relaxation time in a non-conserving driven-diffusive system with\n  parallel dynamics: We introduce a two-state non-conserving driven-diffusive system in\none-dimension under a discrete-time updating scheme. We show that the\nsteady-state of the system can be obtained using a matrix product approach. On\nthe other hand, the steady-state of the system can be expressed in terms of a\nlinear superposition Bernoulli shock measures with random walk dynamics. The\ndynamics of a shock position is studied in detail. The spectrum of the transfer\nmatrix and the relaxation times to the steady-state have also been studied in\nthe large-system-size limit."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Representability problems for coarse-grained water potentials: The use of an effective intermolecular potential often involves a compromise\nbetween more accurate, complex functional forms and more tractable simple\nrepresentations. To study this choice in detail, we systematically derive\ncoarse-grained isotropic pair potentials that accurately reproduce the\noxygen-oxygen radial distribution function of the TIP4P-Ew water model at state\npoints over density ranges from 0.88-1.30g/cc and temperature ranges from\n235K-310K. Although by construction these effective potentials correctly\nrepresent the isothermal compressibility of TIP4P-Ew water, they do not\naccurately resolve other thermodynamic properties such as the virial pressure,\nthe internal energy or thermodynamic anomalies. Because at a given state point\nthe pair potential that reproduces the pair structure is unique, we have\ntherefore explicitly demonstrated that it is impossible to simultaneously\nrepresent the pair-structure and several key equilibrium thermodynamic\nproperties of water with state-point dependent radially symmetric pair\npotentials. We argue that such representability problems are related to, but\ndifferent from, more widely acknowledged transferability problems, and discuss\nin detail the implications this has for the modeling of water and other liquids\nby coarse-grained potentials. Nevertheless, regardless of thermodynamic\ninconsistencies, the state-point dependent effective potentials for water do\ngenerate structural and dynamical anomalies.",
        "positive": "Ferromagnetic Heisenberg model with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya\n  interaction: The spin-1/2 Heisenberg model is formulated in terms of a mean-field\napproximation (MFA) by using the matrix forms of spin operators\n$\\hat{S}_x,\\hat{S}_y$ and $\\hat{S}_z$ in three-dimensions. The considered\nHamiltonian consists of bilinear exchange interaction parameters\n$(J_x,J_y,J_z)$, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions\n$(\\Delta_x,\\Delta_y,\\Delta_z)$ and external magnetic field components\n$(H_x,H_y,H_z)$. The magnetization and its components are obtained in the MFA\nwith the general anisotropic case with $J_x\\neq J_y \\neq J_z$ for various\nvalues of coordination numbers $q$. Then, the thermal variations of\nmagnetizations are investigated in detail to obtain the phase diagrams of the\nmodel for the isotropic case with $J_x=J_y=J_z>0$. It is found that the model\nexhibits ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, random phase regions and an extra\nferromagnetic phase at which the components of magnetizations present\nbranching."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "First- and second-order phase transitions in a driven lattice gas with\n  nearest-neighbor exclusion: A lattice gas with infinite repulsion between particles separated by $\\leq 1$\nlattice spacing, and nearest-neighbor hopping dynamics, is subject to a drive\nfavoring movement along one axis of the square lattice. The equilibrium (zero\ndrive) transition to a phase with sublattice ordering, known to be continuous,\nshifts to lower density, and becomes discontinuous for large bias. In the\nordered nonequilibrium steady state, both the particle and order-parameter\ndensities are nonuniform, with a large fraction of the particles occupying a\njammed strip oriented along the drive. The relaxation exhibits features\nreminiscent of models of granular and glassy materials.",
        "positive": "A Statistical Approach to Vehicular Traffic: A two-dimensional cellular automaton is introduced to model the flow and\njamming of vehicular traffic in cities. Each site of the automaton represents a\ncrossing where a finite number of cars can wait approaching the crossing from\neach of the four directions. The flow of cars obeys realistic traffic rules. We\ninvestigate the dependence of the average velocity of cars on the global\ntraffic density. At a critical threshold for the density the average velocity\nreduces drastically caused by jamming. For the low density regime we provide\nanalytical results which agree with the numerical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Validity of nonequilibrium work relations for the rapidly expanding\n  quantum piston: Recent work by Teifel and Mahler [Eur. Phys. J. B 75, 275 (2010)] raises\nlegitimate concerns regarding the validity of quantum nonequilibrium work\nrelations in processes involving moving hard walls. We study this issue in the\ncontext of the rapidly expanding one-dimensional quantum piston. Utilizing\nexact solutions of the time-dependent Schr\u007fodinger equation, we find that the\nevolution of the wave function can be decomposed into static and dynamic\ncomponents, which have simple semiclassical interpretations in terms of\nparticle-piston collisions. We show that nonequilibrium work relations remains\nvalid at any finite piston speed, provided both components are included, and we\nstudy explicitly the work distribution for this model system.",
        "positive": "On the mechanism of negative compressibility in layered compounds: A mechanism of negative compressibility occurring in compressed layered\ncompounds in the presence of a pressure transmitting fluid medium is discussed\nwithin a simple model. It takes into account the excluded volume effects and\nsoft fluid-matrix repulsion. It is demonstrated that a non-monotonic behavior\nof the interlayer spacing with the applied pressure results from a competition\nbetween the applied pressure and the internal one induced by the adsorbed\nfluid. Recent experimental data on the graphite oxide \"structure breathing\"\nunder compression in the presence of water are analyzed in the light of these\ntheoretical results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Two-Channel Asymmetric Exclusion\n  Processes with Narrow Entrances: Multi-particle non-equilibrium dynamics in two-channel asymmetric exclusion\nprocesses with narrow entrances is investigated theoretically. Particles move\non two parallel lattices in opposite directions without changing them, while\nthe channels are coupled only at the boundaries. A particle cannot enter the\ncorresponding lane if the exit site of the other lane is occupied. Stationary\nphase diagrams, particle currents and densities are calculated in a mean-field\napproximation. It is shown that there are four stationary phases in the system,\nwith two of them exhibiting spontaneous symmetry breaking phenomena. Extensive\nMonte Carlo computer simulations confirm qualitatively our predictions,\nalthough the phase boundaries and stationary properties deviate from the\nmean-field results. Computer simulations indicate that several dynamic and\nphase properties of the system have a strong size dependency, and one of the\nstationary phases predicted by the mean-field theory disappears in the\nthermodynamic limit.",
        "positive": "Fluctuating hydrodynamics of dilute electrolyte solutions: systematic\n  perturbation calculation of effective transport coefficients governing\n  large-scale dynamics: We study the transport properties of dilute electrolyte solutions on the\nbasis of the fluctuating hydrodynamic equation, which is a set of nonlinear\nLangevin equations for the ion densities and flow velocity. The nonlinearity of\nthe Langevin equations generally leads to effective kinetic coefficients for\nthe deterministic dynamics of the average ion densities and flow velocity; the\neffective coefficients generally differ from the counterparts in the Langevin\nequations and are frequency-dependent. Using the path-integral formalism\ninvolving auxiliary fields, we perform systematic perturbation calculations of\nthe effective kinetic coefficients for ion diffusion, shear viscosity, and\nelectrical conductivity, which govern the dynamics on the large length scales.\nAs novel contributions, we study the frequency dependence of the viscosity and\nconductivity in the one-loop approximation. Regarding the conductivity at\nfinite frequencies, we derive the so-called electrophoretic part in addition to\nthe relaxation part, where the latter has been obtained by Debye and\nFalkenhagen; it is predicted that the combination of these two parts gives rise\nto the frequency $\\omega_{\\rm max}$ proportional to the salt density, at which\nthe real part of the conductivity exhibits a maximum. The zero-frequency limits\nof the conductivity and shear viscosity coincide with the classical limiting\nlaws for dilute solutions, derived in different means by Debye, Falkenhagen,\nand Onsager. As for the effective kinetic coefficients for slow ion diffusions\nin large length scales, our straightforward calculation yields the cross\nkinetic coefficient between cations and anions. Further, we discuss the\npossibility of extending the present study to more concentrated solutions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Rigorous Upper Bound on the Critical Temperature of Dilute Bose Gases: We prove exponential decay of the off-diagonal correlation function in the\ntwo-dimensional homogeneous Bose gas when a^2 \\rho is small and the temperature\nT satisfies T > 4 \\pi \\rho / \\ln |\\ln(a^2\\rho). Here, a is the scattering\nlength of the repulsive interaction potential and \\rho is the density. To\nleading order in a^2 \\rho, this bound agrees with the expected critical\ntemperature for superfluidity. In the three-dimensional Bose gas, exponential\ndecay is proved when \\Delta T_c / T_c^0 > 5 \\sqrt{a \\rho^{1/3}}, where T_c^0 is\nthe critical temperature of the ideal gas. While this condition is not expected\nto be sharp, it gives a rigorous upper bound on the critical temperature for\nBose-Einstein condensation.",
        "positive": "Structure and Correlations for Harmonically Confined Charges: Coulomb charges confined by a harmonic potential display a rich structure at\nstrong coupling, both classical and quantum. A simple density functional theory\nis reviewed showing the essential role of correlations in forming shell\nstructure and order within the shells. An overview of previous comparisons with\nmolecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations is summarized and extended."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Macroscopic Finite Size Effects in Relaxational Processes: We present results on dynamical processes that exhibit a stretched\nexponential relaxation. When the relaxation is a result of two competing\nexponential processes, the size of the system, although macroscopic, play a\ndominant role. There exist a crossover time tx that depends logarithmically on\nthe size of the system, above which, the relaxation changes from a stretched\nexponential to a simple exponential decay. The decay rate also depends\nlogarithmically on the size of the system. The results are relevant to\nlarge-scale Monte-Carlo simulations and should be amenable to experiments in\nlow-dimensional macroscopic systems and mesoscopic systems.",
        "positive": "Effects of stochastic nucleation in the first order phase transition: The effects of stochastic apppearence of embryos of a new phase are analyzed\nanalytically. A new approach by the similarity of nucleation conditions is\nproposed. Corrections for a number of droplets are estimated. A comparison with\nnumerical simulation is given. A good coincidence between theoretical and\nnumerical results can be seen."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Anomalous diffusion for a correlated process with long jumps: We discuss diffusion properties of a dynamical system, which is characterised\nby long-tail distributions and finite correlations. The particle velocity has\nthe stable L\\'evy distribution; it is assumed as a jumping process (the\nkangaroo process) with a variable jumping rate. Both the exponential and the\nalgebraic form of the covariance -- defined for the truncated distribution --\nare considered. It is demonstrated by numerical calculations that the\nstationary solution of the master equation for the case of power-law\ncorrelations decays with time, but a simple modification of the process makes\nthe tails stable. The main result of the paper is a finding that -- in contrast\nto the velocity fluctuations -- the position variance may be finite. It rises\nwith time faster than linearly: the diffusion is anomalously enhanced. On the\nother hand, a process which follows from a superposition of the\nOrnstein-Uhlenbeck-L\\'evy processes always leads to position distributions with\na divergent variance which means accelerated diffusion.",
        "positive": "Kuramoto Oscillators on Chains, Rings and Cayley-trees: We study systems of Kuramoto oscillators, driven by one pacemaker, on\n$d$-dimensional regular topologies like linear chains, rings, hypercubic\nlattices and Cayley-trees. For the special cases of next-neighbor and\ninfinite-range interactions, we derive the analytical expressions for the\ncommon frequency in the case of phase-locked motion and for the critical\nfrequency of the pacemaker, placed at an arbitrary position on the lattice, so\nthat above the critical frequency no phase-locked motion is possible. These\nexpressions depend on the number of oscillators, the type of coupling, the\ncoupling strength, and the range of interactions. In particular we show that\nthe mere change in topology from an open chain with free boundary conditions to\na ring induces synchronization for a certain range of pacemaker frequencies and\ncouplings, keeping the other parameters fixed. We also study numerically the\nphase evolution above the critical eigenfrequency of the pacemaker for\narbitrary interaction ranges and find some interesting remnants to phase-locked\nmotion below the critical frequency."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fluctuation formula for complex random matrices: A Gaussian fluctuation formula is proved for linear statistics of complex\nrandom matrices in the case that the statistic is rotationally invariant. For a\ngeneral linear statistic without this symmetry, Coulomb gas theory is used to\npredict that the distribution will again be a Gaussian, with a specific mean\nand variance. The variance splits naturally into a bulk and surface\ncontibution, the latter resulting from the long range correlations at the\nboundary of the support of the eigenvalue density.",
        "positive": "Coarse-grained dynamics of operator and state entanglement: We give a detailed theory for the leading coarse-grained dynamics of\nentanglement entropy of states and of operators in generic short-range\ninteracting quantum many-body systems. This includes operators spreading under\nHeisenberg time evolution, which we find are much less entangled than \"typical\"\noperators of the same spatial support. Extending previous conjectures based on\nrandom circuit dynamics, we provide evidence that the leading-order\nentanglement dynamics of a given chaotic system are determined by a function\n$\\mathcal{E}(v)$, which is model-dependent, but which we argue satisfies\ncertain general constraints. In a minimal membrane picture, $\\mathcal{E}(v)$ is\nthe \"surface tension\" of the membrane and is a function of the membrane's\norientation $v$ in spacetime. For one-dimensional (1D) systems this surface\ntension is related by a Legendre transformation to an entanglement entropy\ngrowth rate $\\Gamma(\\partial S/\\partial x)$ which depends on the spatial\n\"gradient\" of the entanglement entropy $S(x,t)$ across the cut at position $x$.\nWe show how to extract the entanglement growth functions numerically in 1D at\ninfinite temperature using the concept of the operator entanglement of the time\nevolution operator, and we discuss possible universality of $\\mathcal{E}$ at\nlow temperatures. Our theoretical ideas are tested against and informed by\nnumerical results for a quantum-chaotic 1D spin Hamiltonian. These results are\nrelevant to the broad class of chaotic many-particle systems or field theories\nwith spatially local interactions, both in 1D and above."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Finite-time localized singularities as a mechanism for turbulent\n  dissipation: We provide a scenario for a singularity-mediated turbulence based on the\nself-focusing non-linear Schr\\\"odinger equation, for which sufficiently smooth\ninitial states leads to blow-up in finite time. Here, by adding dissipation,\nthese singularities are regularized, and the inclusion of an external forcing\nresults in a chaotic fluctuating state. The strong events appear randomly in\nspace and time, making the dissipation rate highly fluctuating. The model shows\nthat: i) dissipation takes place near the singularities only, ii) such intense\nevents are random in space and time, iii) the mean dissipation rate is almost\nconstant as the viscosity varies, and iv) the observation of an\nObukhov-Kolmogorov spectrum with a power law dependence together with an\nintermittent behavior using structure functions correlations, in close\ncorrespondence with fluid turbulence.",
        "positive": "Fluctuation Properties of Steady-State Langevin Systems: Motivated by stochastic models of climate phenomena, the steady-state of a\nlinear stochastic model with additive Gaussian white noise is studied.\nFluctuation theorems for nonequilibrium steady-states provide a constraint on\nthe character of these fluctuations. The properties of the fluctuations which\nare unconstrained by the fluctuation theorem are investigated and related to\nthe model parameters. The irreversibility of trajectory segments, which\nsatisfies a fluctuation theorem, is used as a measure of nonequilibrium\nfluctuations. The moments of the irreversibility probability density function\n(pdf) are found and the pdf is seen to be non-Gaussian. The average\nirreversibility goes to zero for short and long trajectory segments and has a\nmaximum for some finite segment length, which defines a characteristic\ntimescale of the fluctuations. The initial average irreversibility growth rate\nis equal to the average entropy production and is related to\nnoise-amplification. For systems with a separation of deterministic timescales,\nmodes with timescales much shorter than the trajectory timespan and whose noise\namplitudes are not asymptotically large, do not, to first order, contribute to\nthe irreversibility statistics, providing a potential basis for dimensional\nreduction."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correlations in nano-scale step fluctuations: comparison of simulation\n  and experiments: We analyze correlations in step-edge fluctuations using the\nBortz-Kalos-Lebowitz kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm, with a 2-parameter\nexpression for energy barriers, and compare with our VT-STM line-scan\nexperiments on spiral steps on Pb(111). The scaling of the correlation times\ngives a dynamic exponent confirming the expected step-edge-diffusion\nrate-limiting kinetics both in the MC and in the experiments. We both calculate\nand measure the temperature dependence of (mass) transport properties via the\ncharacteristic hopping times and deduce therefrom the notoriously-elusive\neffective energy barrier for the edge fluctuations. With a careful analysis we\npoint out the necessity of a more complex model to mimic the kinetics of a\nPb(111) surface for certain parameter ranges.",
        "positive": "Dynamic propensity in a kinetically constrained lattice gas: We apply the concept of dynamic propensity to a simple kinetically\nconstrained model of glass formers, the two-vacancy assisted triangular lattice\ngas, or (2)-TLG. We find that the propensity field, defined in our case as the\nlocal root-mean square displacement averaged over the ensemble of trajectories\nwith identical initial configurations, is a good measure of dynamical\nheterogeneity. This suggests a configurational origin for spatial fluctuations\nof the dynamics, but just as in the case of atomistic systems, we find that\npropensity is not correlated to any simple structural property. We show instead\nthat certain extended clusters of particles connected to vacancies correlate\nwell with propensity, indicating that these are the fundamental excitations of\nthe (2)-TLG. We also discuss time-correlations and the correlation between\nconfigurations within the propensity ensemble."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamic hysteresis from zigzag domain walls: We investigate dynamic hysteresis in ferromagnetic thin films with zigzag\ndomain walls. We introduce a discrete model describing the motion of a wall in\na disordered ferromagnet with in-plane magnetization, driven by an external\nmagnetic field, considering the effects of dipolar interactions and anisotropy.\nWe analyze the effects of external field frequency and temperature on the\ncoercive field by Monte Carlo simulations, and find a good agreement with the\nexperimental data reported in literature for Fe/GaAs films. This implies that\ndynamic hysteresis in this case can be explained by a single propagating domain\nwall model without invoking domain nucleation.",
        "positive": "Absence of simulation evidence for critical depletion in slit-pores: Recent Monte Carlo simulation studies of a Lennard-Jones fluid confined to a\nmesoscopic slit-pore have reported evidence for ``critical depletion'' in the\npore local number density near the liquid-vapour critical point. In this note\nwe demonstrate that the observed depletion effect is in fact a simulation\nartifact arising from small systematic errors associated with the use of long\nrange corrections for the potential truncation. Owing to the large\nnear-critical compressibility, these errors lead to significant changes in the\npore local number density. We suggest ways of avoiding similar problems in\nfuture studies of confined fluids."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase-Ordering Dynamics with an Order-Parameter-Dependent Mobility: The\n  Large-n Limit: The effect of an order-parameter dependent mobility (or kinetic coefficient),\non the phase-ordering dynamics of a system described by an n-component vector\norder parameter is addressed at zero temperature in the large-n limit. We\nconsider cases in which the mobility or kinetic coefficient vanishes when the\nmagnitude of the order parameter takes its equilibrium value. In the large-n\nlimit, the system is exactly soluble for both conserved and non-conserved order\nparameter. In the non-conserved case, the scaling form for the correlation\nfunction and it's Fourier transform, the structure factor, is established, with\nthe characteristic length growing as a power of time. In the conserved case,\nthe structure factor is evaluated and found to exhibit a multi-scaling\nbehaviour, with two growing length scales differing by a logarithmic factor. In\nboth cases, the rate of growth of the length scales depends on the manner in\nwhich the mobility or kinetic coefficient vanishes as the magnitude of the\norder parameter approaches its equilibrium value.",
        "positive": "Localization of bosonic atoms by fermionic impurities in a 3d optical\n  lattice: We observe a localized phase of ultracold bosonic quantum gases in a\n3-dimensional optical lattice induced by a small contribution of fermionic\natoms acting as impurities in a Fermi-Bose quantum gas mixture. In particular\nwe study the dependence of this transition on the fermionic 40K impurity\nconcentration by a comparison to the corresponding superfluid to Mott insulator\ntransition in a pure bosonic 87Rb gas and find a significant shift in the\ntransition parameter. The observed shift is larger than expected based on a\nmean-field argument, which is a strong indication that disorder-related effects\nplay a significant role."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hard Squares for z = -1: The hard square model in statistical mechanics has been investigated for the\ncase when the activity z is -1. For cyclic boundary conditions, the\ncharacteristic polynomial of the transfer matrix has an intriguingly simple\nstructure, all the eigenvalues $x$ being zero, roots of unity, or solutions of\nx^3 = 4 cos^2 (pi*m/N). Here we tabulate the results for lattices of up to 12\ncolumns with cyclic or free boundary conditions and the two obvious\norientations. We remark that they are all unexpectedly simple and that for the\nrotated lattice with free or fixed boundary conditions there are obvious likely\ngeneralizations to any lattice size.",
        "positive": "Locally controlled arrested thermalization: The long-time dynamics of quantum systems, typically, but not always, results\nin a thermal steady state. The microscopic processes that lead to or circumvent\nthis fate are of interest, since everyday experience tells us that not all\nspatial regions of a system heat up or cool down uniformly. This motivates the\nquestion: under what conditions can one slow down or completely arrest\nthermalization locally? Is it possible to construct realistic Hamiltonians and\ninitial states such that a local region is effectively insulated from the rest,\nor acts like a barrier between two or more regions? We answer this in the\naffirmative by outlining the conditions that govern the flow of energy and\nentropy between subsystems. Using these ideas we provide a representative\nexample for how simple few-body states can be used to engineer a ``thermal\nswitch\" between interacting regions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Corrections to Pauling residual entropy and single tetrahedron based\n  approximations for the pyrochlore lattice Ising antiferromagnet: We study corrections to single tetrahedron based approximations for the\nentropy, specific heat and uniform susceptibility of the pyrochlore lattice\nIsing antiferromagnet, by a Numerical Linked Cluster (NLC) expansion. In a\ntetrahedron based NLC, the first order gives the Pauling residual entropy of\n${1\\over 2}\\log{3\\over 2}\\approx 0.20273$. A 16-th order NLC calculation\nchanges the residual entropy to 0.205507 a correction of 1.37 percent over the\nPauling value. At high temperatures, the accuracy of the calculations is\nverified by a high temperature series expansion. We find the corrections to the\nsingle tetrahedron approximations to be at most a few percent for all the\nthermodynamic properties.",
        "positive": "Heat transport in an anharmonic crystal: We take an ordered, anharmonic crystal in the form of slab geometry in three\ndimensions. Apart from attaching baths of Langevin type to the extreme\nsurfaces, we also attach baths of same type to the intermediate surfaces of the\nslab to simulate the environment surrounding the system. We assume noise\nfunctions to be Gaussian and their widths to be site dependent. We find that\nthe radiated heat from the slab does not receive any correction at the leading\norder of anharmonic coupling and the Newton's law of cooling holds for an\nappropriate choice of the widths. We observe that in the steady state limit\nentire slab becomes an assembly of $N$ different thermally equilibriated\nlayers, where $N$ is the number of sites in the direction of conduction current\nflow. We find an exponentially falling nature of the temperature profile as its\nleading behaviour and its non-leading behaviour is governed by the two site\ndependent functions. Our evaluation suggests that in the thermodynamic limit\nthermal conductivity remains independent of the environment temperature and is\ndependent only on the difference of temperature of the extreme surfaces\nlinearly at the leading order of anharmonic coupling. We find that owing to\nfiniteness of conductivity in the thermodynamic limit, Fourier's law holds to\nleading order in anharmonic coupling."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Why the persistent power can be observed in mesoscopic quantum system: It is shown that one of consequences of basic principle of quantum mechanics\nat the mesoscopic level is violation of the second law of thermodynamics and\nthat an experimental evidence of this violation was obtained long ago.",
        "positive": "Scaling of Local Slopes, Conservation Laws and Anomalous Roughening in\n  Surface Growth: We argue that symmetries and conservation laws greatly restrict the form of\nthe terms entering the long wavelength description of growth models exhibiting\nanomalous roughening. This is exploited to show by dynamic renormalization\ngroup arguments that intrinsic anomalous roughening cannot occur in local\ngrowth models. However some conserved dynamics may display super-roughening if\na given type of terms are present."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Field-theoretic analysis of directed percolation: Three-loop\n  approximation: The directed bond percolation is a paradigmatic model in nonequilibrium\nstatistical physics. It captures essential physical information on the nature\nof continuous phase transition between active and absorbing states. In this\npaper, we study this model by means of the field-theoretic formulation with a\nsubsequent renormalization group analysis. We calculate all critical exponents\nneeded for the quantitative description of the corresponding universality class\nto the third order in perturbation theory.\n  Using dimensional regularization with minimal subtraction scheme, we carry\nout perturbative calculations in a formally small parameter $\\varepsilon$,\nwhere $\\varepsilon=4-d$\n  is a deviation from the upper critical dimension $d_c=4$. We use a nontrivial\ncombination of analytical and numerical tools in order to determine ultraviolet\ndivergent parts of Feynman diagrams.",
        "positive": "Influence of diffusion on models for non-equilibrium wetting: It is shown that the critical properties of a recently studied model for\nnon-equilibrium wetting are robust if one extends the dynamic rules by\nsingle-particle diffusion on terraces of the wetting layer. Examining the\nbehavior at the critical point and along the phase transition line, we identify\na special point in the phase diagram where detailed balance of the dynamical\nprocesses is partially broken."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random pinning in glassy spin models with plaquette interactions: We use a random pinning procedure to study amorphous order in two glassy spin\nmodels. On increasing the concentration of pinned spins at constant\ntemperature, we find a sharp crossover (but no thermodynamic phase transition)\nfrom bulk relaxation to localisation in a single state. At low temperatures,\nboth models exhibit scaling behaviour. We discuss the growing length and time\nscales associated with amorphous order, and the fraction of pinned spins\nrequired to localize the system in a single state. These results, obtained for\nfinite dimensional interacting models, provide a theoretical scenario for the\neffect of random pinning that differs qualitatively from previous approaches\nbased either on mean-field, mode-coupling, or renormalization group reatments.",
        "positive": "Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations of the BCS-BEC Crossover at Finite\n  Temperature: The Quantum Monte Carlo method for spin 1/2 fermions at finite temperature is\nformulated for dilute systems with an s-wave interaction. The motivation and\nthe formalism are discussed along with descriptions of the algorithm and\nvarious numerical issues. We report on results for the energy, entropy and\nchemical potential as a function of temperature. We give upper bounds on the\ncritical temperature T_c for the onset of superfluidity, obtained by studying\nthe finite size scaling of the condensate fraction. All of these quantities\nwere computed for couplings around the unitary regime in the range -0.5 \\le\n(k_F a)^{-1} \\le 0.2, where a is the s-wave scattering length and k_F is the\nFermi momentum of a non-interacting gas at the same density. In all cases our\ndata is consistent with normal Fermi gas behavior above a characteristic\ntemperature T_0 > T_c, which depends on the coupling and is obtained by\nstudying the deviation of the caloric curve from that of a free Fermi gas. For\nT_c < T < T_0 we find deviations from normal Fermi gas behavior that can be\nattributed to pairing effects. Low temperature results for the energy and the\npairing gap are shown and compared with Green Function Monte Carlo results by\nother groups."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the theory underlying the Car-Parrinello method and the role of the\n  fictitious mass parameter: The theory underlying the Car-Parrinello extended-lagrangian approach to {\\em\nab initio} molecular dynamics (CPMD) is reviewed and reexamined using 'heavy'\nice as a test system. It is emphasized that the adiabatic decoupling in CPMD is\nnot a decoupling of electronic orbitals from the ions but only a decoupling of\na subset of the orbital vibrational modes from the rest of the\nnecessarily-coupled system of orbitals and ions. Recent work (J. Chem. Phys.\n{\\bf 116}, 14 (2002)) has pointed out that, due to the orbital-ion coupling\nthat remains once adiabatic-decoupling has been achieved, a large value of the\nfictitious mass $\\mu$ can lead to systematic errors in the computed forces in\nCPMD. These errors are further investigated in the present work with a focus on\nthose parts of these errors that are not corrected simply by rescaling the\nmasses of the ions. It is suggested that any comparison of the efficiencies of\nBorn-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) and CPMD should be performed at a\nsimilar level of accuracy. If accuracy is judged according to the average\nmagnitude of the systematic errors in the computed forces, the efficiency of\nBOMD compares more favorably to that of CPMD than previous comparisons have\nsuggested.",
        "positive": "Fermionization and fractional statistics in the strongly interacting\n  one-dimensional Bose gas: We discuss recent results on the relation between the strongly interacting\none-dimensional Bose gas and a gas of ideal particles obeying nonmutual\ngeneralized exclusion statistics (GES). The thermodynamic properties considered\ninclude the statistical profiles, the specific heat and local pair\ncorrelations. In the strong coupling limit $\\gamma \\to \\infty$, the\nTonks-Girardeau gas, the equivalence is with Fermi statistics. The deviation\nfrom Fermi statistics during boson fermionization for finite but large\ninteraction strength $\\gamma$ is described by the relation $\\alpha \\approx 1 -\n2/\\gamma$, where $\\alpha$ is a measure of the GES. This gives a quantitative\ndescription of the fermionization process. In this sense the recent\nexperimental measurement of local pair correlations in a 1D Bose gas of\n$^{87}$Rb atoms also provides a measure of the deviation of the GES parameter\n$\\alpha$ away from the pure Fermi statistics value $\\alpha=1$. Other\nthermodynamic properties, such as the distribution profiles and the specific\nheat, are also sensitive to the statistics. They also thus provide a way of\nexploring fractional statistics in the strongly interacting 1D Bose gas."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hydrodynamics beyond Navier-Stokes: Exact solution to the lattice\n  Boltzmann hierarchy: Exact solution to the hierarchy of nonlinear lattice Boltzmann (LB) kinetic\nequations in the stationary planar Couette flow is found at non-vanishing\nKnudsen numbers. A new method of solving LB kinetic equations which combines\nthe method of moments with boundary conditions for populations enables to\nderive closed-form solutions for all higher-order moments. Convergence of\nresults suggests that the LB hierarchy with larger velocity sets is the novel\nway to approximate kinetic theory.",
        "positive": "Exact Mapping from Singular Value Spectrum of Fractal Images to\n  Entanglement Spectrum of One-Dimensional Quantum Systems: We examine the snapshot entropy of general fractal images defined by their\nsingular values. Remarkably, the singular values for a large class of fractals\nare in exact correspondence with the entanglement spectrum of free fermions in\none dimension. These fermions allow for a holographic interpretation of the\nlogarithmic scaling of the snapshot entropy, which is in agreement with the\nCalabrese-Cardy formula. However, the coarse-grained entropy exhibits a linear\nscaling due to the degeneracy of the spectrum, in contrast with the logarithmic\nscaling behavior in one-dimensional quantum near-critical systems."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Pinning and collective modes of a vortex lattice in a Bose-Einstein\n  condensate: We consider the ground state of vortices in a rotating Bose-Einstein\ncondensate that is loaded in a corotating two-dimensional optical lattice. Due\nto the competition between vortex interactions and their potential energy, the\nvortices arrange themselves in various patterns, depending on the strength of\nthe optical potential and the vortex density. We outline a method to determine\nthe phase diagram for arbitrary vortex filling factor. Using this method, we\ndiscuss several filling factors explicitly. For increasing strength of the\noptical lattice, the system exhibits a transition from the unpinned hexagonal\nlattice to a lattice structure where all the vortices are pinned by the optical\nlattice. The geometry of this fully pinned vortex lattice depends on the\nfilling factor and is either square or triangular. For some filling factors\nthere is an intermediate half-pinned phase where only half of the vortices is\npinned. We also consider the case of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate,\nwhere the possible coexistence of the above-mentioned phases further enriches\nthe phase diagram. In addition, we calculate the dispersion of the low-lying\ncollective modes of the vortex lattice and find that, depending on the\nstructure of the ground state, they can be gapped or gapless. Moreover, in the\nhalf-pinned and fully pinned phases, the collective mode dispersion is\nanisotropic. Possible experiments to probe the collective mode spectrum, and in\nparticular the gap, are suggested.",
        "positive": "Cut-and-permute algorithm for self-avoiding walks in the presence of\n  surfaces: We present a dynamic nonlocal hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm consisting of\npivot and ``cut-and-permute'' moves. The algorithm is suitable for the study of\npolymers in semiconfined geometries at the ordinary transition, where the pivot\nalgorithm exhibits quasi-ergodic problems. The dynamic properties of the\nproposed algorithm are studied in d = 3. The hybrid dynamics is ergodic and\nexhibits the same optimal critical behavior as the pivot algorithm in the bulk."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy estimators for Markovian sequences: A comparative analysis: Entropy estimation is a fundamental problem in information theory that has\napplications in various fields, including physics, biology, and computer\nscience. Estimating the entropy of discrete sequences can be challenging due to\nlimited data and the lack of unbiased estimators. Most existing entropy\nestimators are designed for sequences of independent events and their\nperformance vary depending on the system being studied and the available data\nsize. In this work we compare different entropy estimators and their\nperformance when applied to Markovian sequences. Specifically, we analyze both\nbinary Markovian sequences and Markovian systems in the undersampled regime. We\ncalculate the bias, standard deviation and mean squared error for some of the\nmost widely employed estimators. We discuss the limitations of entropy\nestimation as a function of the transition probabilities of the Markov\nprocesses and the sample size. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive\ncomparison of entropy estimators and their performance in estimating entropy\nfor systems with memory, which can be useful for researchers and practitioners\nin various fields.",
        "positive": "Green functions for the TASEP with sublattice parallel update: We consider the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) in\ndiscrete time with the sublattice parallel dynamics describing particles moving\nto the right on the one-dimensional infinite chain with equal hoping\nprobabilities. Using sequentially two mappings, we show that the model is\nequivalent to the TASEP with the backward-ordered sequential update in the case\nwhen particles start and finish their motion not simultaneously. The Green\nfunctions are obtained exactly in a determinant form for different initial and\nfinal conditions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entropy production in a mesoscopic chemical reaction system with\n  oscillatory and excitable dynamics: Stochastic thermodynamics of chemical reaction systems has recently gained\nmuch attention. In the present paper, we consider such an issue for a system\nwith both oscillatory and excitable dynamics, using catalytic oxidation of\ncarbon monoxide on the surface of platinum crystal as an example. Starting from\nthe chemical Langevin equations, we are able to calculate the stochastic\nentropy production P along a random trajectory in the concentration state\nspace. Particular attention is paid to the dependence of the time averaged\nentropy productionP on the system sizeN in a parameter region close to the\ndeterministic Hopf bifurcation.In the large system size (weak noise) limit, we\nfind that P N^{\\beta} with {\\beta}=0 or 1 when the system is below or abovethe\nHopf bifurcation, respectively. In the small system size (strong noise) limit,\nP always increases linearly with N regardless of the bifurcation parameter.\nMore interestingly,P could even reach a maximum for some intermediate system\nsize in a parameter region where the corresponding deterministic system shows\nsteady state or small amplitude oscillation. The maximum value of P decreases\nas the system parameter approaches the so-called CANARD point where the maximum\ndisappears.This phenomenon could be qualitativelyunderstood by partitioning the\ntotal entropy production into the contributions of spikes and of small\namplitude oscillations.",
        "positive": "Collective Dynamics of One-Dimensional Charge Density Waves: The effect of disorder on the static and dynamic behaviour of one-dimensional\ncharge density waves at low temperatures is studied by analytical and numerical\napproaches. In the low temperature region the spatial behaviour of the\nphase-phase correlation function is dominated by disorder but the roughness\nexponent remains the same as in the pure case. Contrary to high dimensional\nsystems the dependence of the creep velocity on the electric field is described\nby an analytic function."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Relating the thermodynamic arrow of time to the causal arrow: Consider a Hamiltonian system that consists of a slow subsystem S and a fast\nsubsystem F. The autonomous dynamics of S is driven by an effective\nHamiltonian, but its thermodynamics is unexpected. We show that a well-defined\nthermodynamic arrow of time (second law) emerges for S whenever there is a\nwell-defined causal arrow from S to F and the back-action is negligible. This\nis because the back-action of F on S is described by a non-globally Hamiltonian\nBorn-Oppenheimer term that violates the Liouville theorem, and makes the second\nlaw inapplicable to S. If S and F are mixing, under the causal arrow condition\nthey are described by microcanonic distributions P(S) and P(S|F). Their\nstructure supports a causal inference principle proposed recently in machine\nlearning.",
        "positive": "Universal features in the thermodynamics and heat transport by particles\n  of any statistics: I discuss in parallel two universal phenomena: the independence of statistics\nof the heat capacity and entropy of ideal gases of the same, constant, density\nof states, on one hand, and the independence of statistics of the heat and\nentropy transport through one-dimensional channels, on the other hand. I show\nthat there is a close similarity between the microscopic explanations of each\nof these phenomena."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Correspondence between spanning trees and the Ising model on a square\n  lattice: An important problem in statistical physics concerns the fascinating\nconnections between partition functions of lattice models studied in\nequilibrium statistical mechanics on the one hand and graph theoretical\nenumeration problems on the other hand. We investigate the nature of the\nrelationship between the number of spanning trees and the partition function of\nthe Ising model on the square lattice. The spanning tree generating function\n$T(z)$ gives the spanning tree constant when evaluated at $z=1$, while giving\nhe lattice green function when differentiated. It is known that for the\ninfinite square lattice the partition function $Z(K)$ of the Ising model\nevaluated at the critical temperature $K=K_c$ is related to $T(1)$. Here we\nshow that this idea in fact generalizes to all real temperatures. We prove that\n$ ( Z(K) {\\rm sech~} 2K ~\\!)^2 = k \\exp\\big[ T(k) \\big] $, where $k= 2\n\\tanh(2K) {\\rm sech}(2K)$. The identical Mahler measure connects the two\nseemingly disparate quantities $T(z)$ and $Z(K)$. In turn, the Mahler measure\nis determined by the random walk structure function. Finally, we show that the\nthe above correspondence does not generalize in a straightforward manner to\nnon-planar lattices.",
        "positive": "Regularities Unseen, Randomness Observed: Levels of Entropy Convergence: We study how the Shannon entropy of sequences produced by an information\nsource converges to the source's entropy rate. We synthesize several\nphenomenological approaches to applying information theoretic measures of\nrandomness and memory to stochastic and deterministic processes by using\nsuccessive derivatives of the Shannon entropy growth curve. This leads, in\nturn, to natural measures of apparent memory stored in a source and the amounts\nof information that must be extracted from observations of a source in order\nfor it to be optimally predicted and for an observer to synchronize to it. One\nconsequence of ignoring these structural properties is that the missed\nregularities are converted to apparent randomness. We demonstrate that this\nproblem arises particularly for small data sets; e.g., in settings where one\nhas access only to short measurement sequences."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase-space approach to polaron response: Kadanoff and FHIP re-examined: A method is presented to obtain the linear response coefficients of a system\ncoupled to a bath. The method is based on a systematic truncation of the\nLiouville equation for the reduced distribution function. The first order\ntruncation results are expected to be accurate in the low temperature and weak\ncoupling regime. Explicit expressions for the conductivity of the Fr\\\"ohlich\npolaron are obtained, and the discrepancy between the Kadanoff and the\nFeynman-Hellwarth-Iddings-Platzmann mobility is elucidated.",
        "positive": "Statistical field theory with constraints: application to critical\n  Casimir forces in the canonical ensemble: The effect of imposing a constraint on a fluctuating scalar order parameter\nfield in a system of finite volume is studied within statistical field theory.\nThe canonical ensemble, corresponding to a fixed total integrated order\nparameter, is obtained as a special case of the theory. A perturbative\nexpansion is developed which allows one to systematically determine the\nconstraint-induced finite-volume corrections to the free energy and to\ncorrelation functions. In particular, we focus on the Landau-Ginzburg model in\na film geometry (i.e., a rectangular parallelepiped with a small aspect ratio)\nwith periodic, Dirichlet, or Neumann boundary conditions in the transverse\ndirection and periodic boundary conditions in the remaining, lateral\ndirections. Within the expansion in terms of $\\epsilon=4-d$, where $d$ is the\nspatial dimension of the bulk, the finite-size contribution to the free energy\nand the associated critical Casimir force are calculated to leading order in\n$\\epsilon$ and are compared to the corresponding expressions for an\nunconstrained (grand canonical) system. The constraint restricts the\nfluctuations within the system and it accordingly modifies the residual\nfinite-size free energy. The resulting Casimir force is shown to depend on\nwhether it is defined by assuming a fixed transverse area or a fixed total\nvolume. In the former case, the constraint is typically found to significantly\nenhance the attractive character of the force as compared to the grand\ncanonical case. In contrast to the grand canonical Casimir force, which, for\nsupercritical temperatures, vanishes in the limit of thick films, the canonical\nCasimir force defined for fixed transverse area attains for thick films a\nnegative value for all boundary conditions studied here. Typically, the\ndependence of the Casimir force both on the temperature- and on the field-like\nscaling variables is different in the two ensembles."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Shear viscosity of a crosslinked polymer melt: We investigate the static shear viscosity on the sol side of the\nvulcanization transition within a minimal mesoscopic model for the\nRouse-dynamics of a randomly crosslinked melt of phantom polymers. We derive an\nexact relation between the viscosity and the resistances measured in a\ncorresponding random resistor network. This enables us to calculate the\nviscosity exactly for an ensemble of crosslinks without correlations. The\nviscosity diverges logarithmically as the critical point is approached. For a\nmore realistic ensemble of crosslinks amenable to the scaling description of\npercolation, we prove the scaling relation $k=\\phi-\\beta$ between the critical\nexponent $k$ of the viscosity, the thermal exponent $\\beta$ associated with the\ngel fraction and the crossover exponent $\\phi$ of a random resistor network.",
        "positive": "Interrelations between Stochastic Equations for Systems with Pair\n  Interactions: Several types of stochastic equations are important in thermodynamics,\nchemistry, evolutionary biology, population dynamics and quantitative social\nscience. For systems with pair interactions four different types of equations\nare derived, starting from a master equation for the state space: First,\ngeneral mean value and (co)variance equations. Second, Boltzmann-like\nequations. Third, a master equation for the configuration space allowing\ntransition rates which depend on the occupation numbers of the states. Fourth,\na Fokker-Planck equation and a ``Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck equation''. The\ninterrelations of these equations and the conditions for their validity are\nworked out clearly. A procedure for a selfconsistent solution of the nonlinear\nequations is proposed. Generalizations to interactions between an arbitrary\nnumber of systems are discussed."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "The Maximum of a Fractional Brownian Motion: Analytic Results from\n  Perturbation Theory: Fractional Brownian motion is a non-Markovian Gaussian process $X_t$, indexed\nby the Hurst exponent $H$. It generalises standard Brownian motion\n(corresponding to $H=1/2$). We study the probability distribution of the\nmaximum $m$ of the process and the time $t_{\\rm max}$ at which the maximum is\nreached. They are encoded in a path integral, which we evaluate perturbatively\naround a Brownian, setting $H=1/2 + \\varepsilon$. This allows us to derive\nanalytic results beyond the scaling exponents. Extensive numerical simulations\nfor different values of $H$ test these analytical predictions and show\nexcellent agreement, even for large $\\varepsilon$.",
        "positive": "Computer Simulations of the Wetting Properties of Neon on Heterogeneous\n  Surfaces: We use the grand canonical Monte Carlo method to study the nature of wetting\ntransitions on a variety of heterogeneous surfaces. The model system we\nexplore, Ne adsorption on Mg, is one for which a prewetting transition has been\nfound in our previous simulations. We find that the first order transition\npresent on the flat surface is absent from the rough surface. Nevertheless, the\nresulting isotherms are, in some cases, so close to being discontinuous that\nthe distinction would be difficult to discern in most experiments."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On the Lenz-Ising-Onsager Problem in an External Magnetic Field: The Lenz-Ising-Onsager (LIO) problem in an external magnetic field in the\nsecond quantization representation is the subject of consideration of the\npaper. It is shown that the operator $V_h$ in the second quantization\nrepresentation corresponding to Ising spins interaction with the external\nmagnetic field $H$ can be represented in terms of single-subscript creation and\nanihilation Fermi operators in such a form that the operator $V_h$ commutes\nwith the operator $\\hat{P}\\equiv(-1)^{\\hat{S}}$, where $\\hat{S}=\n\\sum_m\\beta^{\\dag}_m\\beta_m$ is the operator of a total number of Fermions. The\npossible consequences of such representation with it's relation to the LIO is\ndiscussed. In particular, the constructive proof of the Lee-Yang theorem on the\nabsence of phase transition for Ising model in nonzero magnetic field $(\\Re\nh\\neq 0)$ is demonstrated.",
        "positive": "A Husimi Rhombus Lattice with Random Angles to Present the Space\n  Stochasticity in Exact Thermodynamic Calculation: Dr. Chengjie Wu and Dr. Chong Chen provided computation resource and helped\nin the code programming, however they believe they did not contribute to the\nscientific part therefore consider not to be listed as authors. Thus authors\nagree to replace the manuscript with updated author list."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Microscopic theory for the diffusion of an active particle in a crowded\n  environment: We calculate the diffusion coefficient of an active tracer in a schematic\ncrowded environment, represented as a lattice gas of passive particles with\nhardcore interactions. Starting from the master equation of the problem, we put\nforward a closure approximation that goes beyond trivial mean-field and\nprovides the diffusion coefficient for an arbitrary density of crowders in the\nsystem. We show that our approximation is accurate for a very wide range of\nparameters, and that it correctly captures numerous nonequilibrium effects,\nwhich are the signature of the activity in the system. In addition to the\ndetermination of the diffusion coefficient of the tracer, our approach allows\nus to characterize the perturbation of the environment induced by the\ndisplacement of the active tracer. Finally, we consider the asymptotic regimes\nof low and high densities, in which the expression of the diffusion coefficient\nof the tracer becomes explicit, and which we argue to be exact.",
        "positive": "Random Pinning Glass Model: Glass transition where viscosity of liquids increases dramatically upon\ndecrease of temperature without any major change in structural properties,\nremains one of the most challenging problems in condensed matter physics\n(Cavagna, 2009; Berthier and Biroli, 2011) in spite of tremendous research\nefforts in last decades. On the other hand disordered freezing of spins in a\nmagnetic materials with decreasing temperature, the so-called spin glass\ntransition, is relatively better understood (Mezard, Parisi and Virasoro, 1987;\nCastellani and Cavagna, 2005). Previously found similarity between some spin\nglass models with the structural glasses (Kirkpatrick and Thirumalai, 1987;\nKirkpatrick and Wolynes, 1987; Kirkpatrick and Wolynes, 1987; Franz and Parisi,\n1999; Moore and Drossel, 2002) inspired development of theories of structural\nglasses (Kirkpatrick, Thirumalai and Wolynes, 1989; Barrat, Franz and Parisi,\n1997; M\\'ezard and Parisi, 1999; Lubchenko and Wolynes, 2007; Biroli and\nBouchaud, 2012) based on the scenario of spin glass transition. This scenario\nthough looks very appealing is still far from being well established. One of\nthe main differences between standard spin systems to molecular systems is the\nabsence of quenched disorder and the presence of translational invariance: it\noften assumed that this difference is not relevant, but this conjecture is\nstill far from being established. The quantities, which are well defined and\ncharacterized for spin models, are not easily calculable for molecular glasses\ndue to the lack of quenched disorder which breaks the translational invariance\nin the system and the characterization of the similarity between the spin and\nthe structural glass transition remained an elusive subject still now. In this\nstudy we introduced a model structural glass with built in quenched disorder\nwhich alleviates this main difference between the spin and molecular glasses\nthereby helping us to compare these two systems: the possibility of producing a\ngood thermalization at rather low temperatures is one of the advantages of this\nmodel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Fast Adaptive Flat-histogram Ensemble for Calculating Density of States\n  and Enhanced Sampling in Large Systems: We presented an efficient algorithm, fast adaptive flat-histogram ensemble\n(FAFE), to estimate the density of states (DOS) and to enhance sampling in\nlarge systems. FAFE calculates the means of an arbitrary extensive variable $U$\nin generalized ensembles to form points on the curve $\\beta_{s}(U) \\equiv\n\\frac{\\partial S(U)}{\\partial U}$, the derivative of the logarithmic DOS.\nUnlike the popular Wang-Landau-like (WLL) methods, FAFE satisfies the\ndetailed-balance condition through out the simulation and automatically\ngenerates non-uniform $(\\beta_{i}, U_{i})$ data points to follow the real\nchange rate of $\\beta_{s}(U)$ in different $U$ regions and in different\nsystems. Combined with a $U-$compression transformation, FAFE reduces the\nrequired simulation steps from $O(N^{3/2})$ in WLL to $O(N^{1/2})$, where $N$\nis the system size. We demonstrate the efficiency of FAFE in Lennard-Jones\nliquids with several $N$ values. More importantly, we show its abilities in\nfinding and identifying different macroscopic states including meta-stable\nstates in phase co-existing regions.",
        "positive": "The nonextensive entropy approach versus the stochastic in describing\n  subdiffusion: We have proposed a new stochastic interpretation of the sudiffusion described\nby the Sharma-Mittal entropy formalism which generates a nonlinear subdiffusion\nequation with natural order derivatives. We have shown that the solution to the\ndiffusion equation generated by Gauss entropy (which is the particular case of\nSharma-Mittal entropy) is the same as the solution of the Fokker-Planck (FP)\nequation generated by the Langevin generalised equation where the `long memory\neffect' is taken into account. The external noise which pertubates the\nsubdiffusion coefficient (occuring in the solution of FP equation) according to\nthe formula $D_\\alpha\\rightarrow D_\\alpha/u$ where $u$ is a random variable\ndescribed by the Gamma distribution, provides us with solutions of equations\nobtained from Sharma-Mittal entropy. We have also shown that the parameters $q$\nand $r$ occuring in Sharma-Mittal entropy are controlled by the parameters\n$\\alpha$ and $<u>$, respectively."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Non-equilibrium phase transitions in active rank diffusions: We consider N run and tumble particles in one dimension interacting via a\nlinear 1D Coulomb potential, an active version of the rank diffusion problem.\nIt was solved previously for N = 2 leading to a stationary bound state in the\nattractive case. Here the evolution of the density fields is obtained in the\nlarge N limit in terms of two coupled Burger's type equations. In the\nattractive case the exact stationary solution describes a non-trivial\nN-particle bound state, which exhibits transitions between a phase where the\ndensity is smooth with infinite support, a phase where the density has finite\nsupport and exhibits \"shocks\", i.e. clusters of particles, at the edges, and a\nfully clustered phase. In presence of an additional linear potential, the phase\ndiagram, obtained for either sign of the interaction, is even richer, with\nadditional partially expanding phases, with or without shocks. Finally, a\ngeneral self-consistent method is introduced to treat more general\ninteractions. The predictions are tested through extensive numerical\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "Mean-field expansion for spin models with medium-range interactions: We study the critical crossover between the Gaussian and the Wilson-Fisher\nfixed point for general O(N)-invariant spin models with medium-range\ninteractions. We perform a systematic expansion around the mean-field solution,\nobtaining the universal crossover curves and their leading corrections. In\nparticular we show that, in three dimensions, the leading correction scales as\n$R^{-3}, R$ being the range of the interactions. We compare our results with\nthe existing numerical ones obtained by Monte Carlo simulations and present a\ncritical discussion of other approaches."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Patterns in randomly evolving networks: Idiotypic networks: We present a model for the evolution of networks of occupied sites on\nundirected regular graphs. At every iteration step in a parallel update I\nrandomly chosen empty sites are occupied and occupied sites having degree\noutside of a given interval (t_l,t_u) are set empty. Depending on the influx I\nand the values of both lower threshold and upper threshold of the degree\ndifferent kinds of behaviour can be observed. In certain regimes stable\nlong-living patterns appear. We distinguish two types of pattern: static\npatterns arising on graphs with low connectivity and dynamic patterns found on\nhigh connectivity graphs. Increasing I patterns become unstable and transitions\nbetween almost stable patterns, interrupted by disordered phases, occur. For\nstill larger I the lifetime of occupied sites becomes very small and network\nstructures are dominated by randomness. We develop methods to analyze nature\nand dynamics of these network patterns, give a statistical description of\ndefects and fluctuations around them, and elucidate transitions between\ndifferent patterns. Results and methods presented can be applied to a variety\nof problems in different fields and a broad class of graphs. Aiming chiefly at\nthe modeling of functional networks of interacting antibodies and B-cells of\nthe immune system (idiotypic networks) we focus on a class of graphs\nconstructed by bit-chains. The biological relevance of the patterns and\npossible operational modes of idiotypic networks are discussed.",
        "positive": "Duality Symmetry, Two Entropy Functions, and an Eigenvalue Problem in\n  Gibbs' Theory: We generalize the convex duality symmetry in Gibbs' statistical ensemble\nformulation, between Massieu's free entropy $\\Phi_{V,N} (\\beta)$ and the Gibbs\nentropy $\\varphi_{V,N}(u)$ as a function of mean internal energy $u$. The\nduality tells us that Gibbs thermodynamic entropy is to the law of large\nnumbers (LLN) for arithmetic sample means what Shannon's information entropy is\nto the LLN for empirical counting frequencies. Following the same logic, we\nidentify $u$ as the conjugate variable to counting frequency, a Hamilton-Jacobi\nequation for Shannon entropy as an equation of state, and suggest an eigenvalue\nproblem for modeling statistical frequencies of correlated data."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Phase transitions in Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model in the heavy fermion\n  limit: Hard-core boson approach: Phase transitions are investigated in the Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model in the\nmean field and hard-core boson approximations for the case of infinitely small\nfermion transfer and repulsive on-site boson-fermion interaction. The behavior\nof the Bose-Einstein condensate order parameter and grand canonical potential\nis analyzed as functions of the chemical potential of bosons at zero\ntemperature. The possibility of change of order of the phase transition to the\nsuperfluid phase in the regime of fixed values of the chemical potentials of\nBose- and Fermi-particles is established. The relevant phase diagrams are\nbuilt.",
        "positive": "Effect of dynamic and static friction on an asymmetric granular piston: We investigate the influence of dry friction on an asymmetric, granular\npiston of mass $M$ composed of two materials undergoing inelastic collisions\nwith bath particles of mass $m$. Numerical simulations of the Boltzmann-Lorentz\nequation reveal the existence of two scaling regimes depending on the strength\nof friction. In the large friction limit, we introduce an exact model giving\nthe asymptotic behavior of the Boltzmann-Lorentz equation. For small friction\nand for large mass ratio $M/m$, we derive a Fokker-Planck equation for which\nthe exact solution is also obtained. Static friction attenuates the motor\neffect and results in a discontinuous velocity distribution."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Melting curves of ice polymorphs in the vicinity of the liquid-liquid\n  critical point: The possible existence of a liquid-liquid critical point in deeply\nsupercooled water has been a subject of debate in part due to the challenges\nassociated with providing definitive experimental evidence. Pioneering work by\nMishima and Stanley [Nature 392, 164 (1998) and Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 334\n(2000)] sought to shed light on this problem by studying the melting curves of\ndifferent ice polymorphs and their metastable continuation in the vicinity of\nthe expected location of the liquid-liquid transition and its associated\ncritical point. Based on the continuous or discontinuous changes in slope of\nthe melting curves, Mishima suggested that the liquid-liquid critical point\nlies between the melting curves of ice III and ice V. Here, we explore this\nconjecture using molecular dynamics simulations with a purely-predictive\nmachine learning model based on ab initio quantum-mechanical calculations. We\nstudy the melting curves of ices III, IV, V, VI, and XIII using this model and\nfind that the melting lines of all the studied ice polymorphs are supercritical\nand do not intersect the liquid-liquid transition locus. We also find a\npronounced, yet continuous, change in slope of the melting lines upon crossing\nof the locus of maximum compressibility of the liquid. Finally, we analyze\ncritically the literature in light of our findings, and conclude that the\nscenario in which melting curves are supercritical is favored by the most\nrecent computational and experimental evidence. Thus, although the\npreponderance of experimental and computational evidence is consistent with the\nexistence of a second critical point in water, the behavior of the melting\nlines of ice polymorphs does not provide strong evidence in support of this\nviewpoint, according to our calculations.",
        "positive": "Comment on \"Essential discreteness in generalized thermostatistics with\n  non-logarithmic entropy\" by S. Abe: Recently Abe (arXiv:cond-mat/1005.5110v1) claimed that the q-entropy of\nnonextensive statistical mechanics cannot be generalized for the continuous\nvariables and therefore can be used only in the discrete case. In this letter,\nwe show that the discrete q-entropy can be generalized to continuous variables\nexactly in the same manner as Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy, contrary to the claim by\nAbe, so that q-entropy can be used with discrete as well as continuous\nvariables."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Hidden heat transfer in equilibrium states implies directed motion in\n  nonequilibrium states: We study a class of heat engines including Feynman's ratchet, which exhibits\na directed motion of a particle in nonequilibrium steady states maintained by\ntwo heat baths. We measure heat transfer from each heat bath separately, and\naverage them using a careful procedure that reveals the nature of the heat\ntransfer associated with directed steps of the particle. Remarkably we find\nthat steps are associated with nonvanishing heat transfer even in equilibrium,\nand there is a quantitative relation between this ``hidden heat transfer'' and\nthe directed motion of the particle. This relation is clearly understood in\nterms of the ``principle of heat transfer enhancement'', which is expected to\napply to a large class of highly nonequilibrium systems.",
        "positive": "Heating and Cooling are Fundamentally Asymmetric and Evolve Along\n  Distinct Pathways: According to conventional wisdom, a system placed in an environment with a\ndifferent temperature tends to relax to the temperature of the latter, mediated\nby the flows of heat and/or matter that are set solely by the temperature\ndifference. It is becoming clear, however, that thermal relaxation is much more\nintricate when temperature changes push the system far from thermodynamic\nequilibrium. Interestingly, under such conditions heating was predicted to be\nfaster than cooling, which we experimentally confirm using an optically trapped\ncolloidal particle. More strikingly, we show with both experiments and theory\nthat between any pair of temperatures, heating is not only faster than cooling\nbut the respective processes in fact evolve along fundamentally distinct\npathways, which we explain with a new theoretical framework we coin \"thermal\nkinematics\"."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Mechanism of self-organization in point vortex system: A mechanism of the self-organization in an unbounded two-dimensional (2D)\npoint vortex system is discussed. A kinetic equation for the system with\npositive and negative vortices is derived using the Klimontovich formalism.\nSimilar to the Fokker-Planck collision term, the obtained collision term\nconsists of a diffusion term and a drift term. It is revealed that the\nmechanism for the self-organization in the 2D point vortex system at negative\nabsolute temperature is mainly provided by the drift term. Positive and\nnegative vortices are driven toward opposite directions respectively by the\ndrift term. As a result, well-known, two isolated clumps with positive and\nnegative vortices, respectively, are formed as an equilibrium distribution.\nRegardless of the number of species of the vortices, either single- or\ndouble-sign, it is found that the collision term has following physically good\nproperties: (i) When the system reaches a quasi-stationary state near the\nthermal equilibrium state with negative absolute temperature, the sign of $d\n\\omega / d \\psi$ is expected to be positive, where $\\omega$ is the vorticity\nand $\\psi$ is the stream function. In this case, the diffusion term decreases\nthe mean field energy, while the drift term increases it. As a whole, the total\nmean field energy is conserved. (ii) Similarly, the diffusion term increases\nthe Boltzmann entropy, while the drift term decreases it. As a whole, the total\nentropy production rate is positive or zero ($H$ theorem), which ensures that\nthe system relaxes to the global thermal equilibrium state characterized by the\nzero entropy production.",
        "positive": "Microstructure reconstruction using entropic descriptors: A multi-scale approach to the inverse reconstruction of a pattern's\nmicrostructure is reported. Instead of a correlation function, a pair of\nentropic descriptors (EDs) is proposed for stochastic optimization method. The\nfirst of them measures a spatial inhomogeneity, for a binary pattern, or\ncompositional one, for a greyscale image. The second one quantifies a spatial\nor compositional statistical complexity. The EDs reveal structural information\nthat is dissimilar, at least in part, to that given by correlation functions at\nalmost all of discrete length scales. The method is tested on a few digitized\nbinary and greyscale images. In each of the cases, the persuasive\nreconstruction of the microstructure is found."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Boltzmann entropy and the microcanonical ensemble: Boltzmann's entropy is slightly modified to make it suitable for discussing\nphase transitions in finite systems. As an example it is shown that the\npendulum undergoes a second order phase transition when passing from a\nvibrational to a rotating state.",
        "positive": "Anomalous relaxation and self-organization in non-equilibrium processes: We study thermal relaxation in ordered arrays of coupled nonlinear elements\nwith external driving. We find, that our model exhibits dynamic\nself-organization manifested in a universal stretched-exponential form of\nrelaxation. We identify two types of self-organization, cooperative and\nanti-cooperative, which lead to fast and slow relaxation, respectively. We give\na qualitative explanation for the behavior of the stretched exponent in\ndifferent parameter ranges. We emphasize that this is a system exhibiting\nstretched-exponential relaxation without explicit disorder or frustration."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Floquet dynamical quantum phase transition in the extended XY model:\n  nonadiabatic to adiabatic topological transition: We investigate both pure and mixed states Floquet dynamical quantum phase\ntransition (DQPT) in the periodically time-dependent extended XY model. We\nexactly show that the proposed Floquet Hamiltonian of interacting spins can be\nexpressed as a sum of noninteracting quasi-spins imposed by an effective time\ndependent magnetic field (Schwinger-Rabi model). The calculated Chern number\nindicates that there is a topological transition from nonadiabatic to adiabatic\nregime. In the adiabatic regime, the quasi-spins trace the time dependent\neffective magnetic field and then oscillate between spin up and down states.\nWhile in the nonadiabatic regime, the quasi-spins cannot follow the time\ndependent effective magnetic field and feel an average magnetic field. We find\nthe range of driving frequency over which the quasi-spins experience adiabatic\ncyclic processes. Moreover, we obtain the exact expression of the Loschmidt\namplitude and generalized Loschmidt amplitude of the proposed Floquet system.\nThe results represent that both pure and mixed states dynamical phase\ntransition occurs when the system evolves adiabatically. In other words, the\nminimum required driving frequency for the appearance of Floquet DQPT is equal\nto the threshold frequency needed for transition from nonadiabatic to adiabatic\nregime.",
        "positive": "Phase Transition in Space: How Far Does a Symmetry Bend Before It\n  Breaks?: We extend the theory of symmetry breaking dynamics in non-equilibrium second\norder phase transitions known as the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) to\ntransitions where the change of phase occurs not in time, but in space. This\ncan be due to a time-independent spatial variation of a field that imposes a\nphase with one symmetry to the left of where it attains critical value, while\nallowing spontaneous symmetry breaking to the right of that critical\nborderline. Topological defects need not form in such a situation. We show,\nhowever, that the size, in space, of the ``scar'' over which the order\nparameter adjusts as it ``bends'' interpolating between the phases with\ndifferent symmetry follows from a KZM - like approach. As we illustrate on the\nexample of a transverse quantum Ising model, in quantum phase transitions this\nspatial scale -- the size of the scar -- is directly reflected in the energy\nspectrum of the system: In particular, it determines the size of the energy\ngap."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Short-time dynamics of a family of XY noncollinear magnets: Critical scaling and universality in the short-time dynamics for\nantiferromagnetic models on a three-dimensional stacked triangular lattice are\ninvestigated using Monte Carlo simulation. We have determined the critical\npoint by searching for the best power law for the order parameter as a function\nof time and measured the critical exponents. Our results indicate that it is\npossible to distinguish weak first-order from second-order phase transitions\nand confirm that XY antiferromagnetic systems undergo a (weak) first order\nphase transition.",
        "positive": "Undecidability of the fate of relaxation in one-dimensional quantum\n  systems: We investigate the relaxation dynamics in an isolated quantum many-body\nsystem. The stationary value of an observable after relaxation is a topic of\nresearches in the field of quantum thermalization, since thermalization is a\nrelaxation phenomena where this stationary value coincides with the equilibrium\nvalue. Therefore, computing the stationary value in quantum many-body systems\nis regarded as an important problem. We, however, prove that the stationary\nvalue in quantum many-body systems is incomputable. More precisely, we show\nthat whether the stationary value is in the vicinity of a given value or not is\nan undecidable problem. Our undecidable result is still satisfied when we\nrestrict our system to a one-dimensional shift-invariant system with\nnearest-neighbor interaction, our initial state to a product state of a state\non a single site, and our observable to a shift-sum of a one-body observable.\nThis result clearly shows that there is no general theorem or procedure to\ndecide the presence or absence of thermalization in a given quantum many-body\nsystem."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Adaptive simplification of complex multiscale systems: A fully adaptive methodology is developed for reducing the complexity of\nlarge dissipative systems. This represents a significant step towards\nextracting essential physical knowledge from complex systems, by addressing the\nchallenging problem of a minimal number of variables needed to exactly capture\nthe system dynamics. Accurate reduced description is achieved, by construction\nof a hierarchy of slow invariant manifolds, with an embarrassingly simple\nimplementation in any dimension. The method is validated with the auto-ignition\nof the hydrogen-air mixture where a reduction to a cascade of slow invariant\nmanifolds is observed.",
        "positive": "Many-body mobility edge in a mean-field quantum spin glass: The quantum random energy model provides a mean-field description of the\nequilibrium spin glass transition. We show that it further exhibits a many-body\nlocalization - delocalization (MBLD) transition when viewed as a closed quantum\nsystem. The mean-field structure of the model allows an analytically tractable\ndescription of the MBLD transition using the forward-scattering approximation\nand replica techniques. The predictions are in good agreement with the\nnumerics. The MBLD lies at energy density significantly above the equilibrium\nspin glass transition, indicating that the closed system dynamics freezes well\noutside of the traditional glass phase. We also observe that the structure of\nthe eigenstates at the MBLD critical point changes continuously with the energy\ndensity, raising the possibility of a family of critical theories for the MBLD\ntransition."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Statistical Mechanics of Double sinh-Gordon Kinks: We study the classical thermodynamics of the double sinh-Gordon (DSHG) theory\nin 1+1 dimensions. This model theory has a double well potential, thus allowing\nfor the existence of kinks and antikinks. Though it is nonintegrable, the DSHG\nmodel is remarkably amenable to analysis. Below we obtain exact single kink and\nkink lattice solutions as well as the asymptotic kink-antikink interaction. In\nthe continuum limit, finding the classical partition function is equivalent to\nsolving for the ground state of a Schrodinger-like equation obtained via the\ntransfer integral method. For the DSHG model, this equation turns out to be\nquasi-exactly solvable. We exploit this property to obtain exact energy\neigenvalues and wavefunctions for several temperatures both above and below the\nsymmetry breaking transition temperature. The availability of exact results\nprovides an excellent testing ground for large scale Langevin simulations. The\nprobability distribution function (PDF) calculated from Langevin dynamics is\nfound to be in striking agreement with the exact PDF obtained from the ground\nstate wavefunction. This validation points to the utility of a PDF-based\ncomputation of thermodynamics utilizing Langevin methods. In addition to the\nPDF, field-field and field fluctuation correlation functions were computed and\nalso found to be in excellent agreement with the exact results.",
        "positive": "Thermo-Statistical description of the Hamiltonian non extensive systems:\n  The reparametrization invariance: In the present paper we continue our reconsideration about the foundations\nfor a thermostatistical description of the called Hamiltonian nonextensive\nsystems (see in cond-mat/0604290). After reviewing the selfsimilarity concept\nand the necessary conditions for the ensemble equivalence, we introduce the\nreparametrization invariance of the microcanonical description as an internal\nsymmetry associated with the dynamical origin of this ensemble. Possibility of\ndeveloping a geometrical formulation of the thermodynamic formalism based on\nthis symmetry is discussed, with a consequent revision about the classification\nof phase-transitions based on the concavity of the Boltzmann entropy. The\nrelevance of such conceptions are analyzed by considering the called Antonov\nisothermal model."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Scale-invariant critical dynamics at eigenstate transitions: The notion of scale-invariant dynamics is well established at late times in\nquantum chaotic systems, as illustrated by the emergence of a ramp in the\nspectral form factor (SFF). Building on the results of the preceding Letter\n[Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 060404 (2023)], we explore features of scale-invariant\ndynamics of survival probability and SFF at criticality, i.e., at eigenstate\ntransitions from quantum chaos to localization. We show that, in contrast to\nthe quantum chaotic regime, the quantum dynamics at criticality do not only\nexhibit scale invariance at late times, but also at much shorter times that we\nrefer to as mid-time dynamics. Our results apply to both quadratic and\ninteracting models. Specifically, we study Anderson models in dimensions three\nto five and power-law random banded matrices for the former, and the quantum\nsun model and the ultrametric model for the latter, as well as the\nRosenzweig-Porter model.",
        "positive": "Theory of magnetism with temporal disorder applied to magnetically doped\n  ZnO: A dynamic model of the asymmetric Ising glass is presented: an Ising model\nwith antiferromagnet bonds with probabilities q arranged at random in a\nferromagnetic matrix. The dynamics is introduced by changing the arrangement of\nthe antiferromagnetic bonds after n Monte Carlo steps but keeping the same\nvalue of q and spin configuration. In the region where there is a second order\ntransition between the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states the dynamic\nbehaviour follows that expected for motional narrowing and reverts to the\nstatic behaviour only for large n. There is a different dynamic behaviour where\nthere is a first order transition between the ferromagnetic and spin glass\nstates where it shows no effects of motional narrowing. The implications of\nthis are discussed. This model is devised to explain the properties of doped\nZnO where the magnetisation is reduced when the exchange interactions change\nwith time."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "On Thermostats: Isokinetic or Hamiltonian? finite or infinite?: The relation between finite isokinetic thermostats and infinite Hamiltonian\nthermostats is studied and their equivalence is heuristically discussed.",
        "positive": "Complex Networks Analysis of the Energy Landscape of the Low\n  Autocorrelation Binary Sequences Problem: We provide an up-to-date view of the structure of the energy landscape of the\nlow autocorrelation binary sequences problem, a typical representative of the\n$NP$-hard class. To study the landscape features of interest we use the local\noptima network methodology through exhaustive extraction of the optima graphs\nfor problem sizes up to $24$. Several metrics are used to characterize the\nnetworks: number and type of optima, optima basins structure, degree and\nstrength distributions, shortests paths to the global optima, and random\nwalk-based centrality of optima. Taken together, these metrics provide a\nquantitative and coherent explanation for the difficulty of the low\nautocorrelation binary sequences problem and provide information that could be\nexploited by optimization heuristics for this problem, as well as for a number\nof other problems having a similar configuration space structure."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Random-search efficiency in a bounded interval with spatially\n  heterogeneous diffusion coefficient: We consider random walkers searching for a target in a bounded\none-dimensional heterogeneous environment, in the interval $[0,L]$, where\ndiffusion is described by a space-dependent diffusion coefficient $D(x)$.\nBoundary conditions are absorbing at the position of the target (set at $x=0$)\nand reflecting at the border $x=L$. We calculate and compare the estimates of\nefficiency $\\varepsilon_1=\\langle 1/ t\\rangle$ and $\\varepsilon_2=1/\\langle t\n\\rangle$. For the Stratonovich framework of the multiplicative random process,\nboth measures are analytically calculated for arbitrary $D(x)$. For other\ninterpretations of the stochastic integrals (e.g., It\\^o and anti-It\\^o), we\nget general results for $\\varepsilon_2$, while $\\varepsilon_1$ is obtained for\nparticular forms of $D(x)$. The impact of the diffusivity profile on these\nmeasures of efficiency is discussed. Symmetries and peculiar properties arise\nwhen the search starts at the border ($x_0=L$), in particular, heterogeneity\nspoils the efficiency of the search within the Stratonovich framework, while\nfor other interpretations the searcher can perform better in certain\nheterogeneous diffusivity profiles.",
        "positive": "Quantifying nonuniversal corner free-energy contributions in\n  weakly-anisotropic two-dimensional critical systems: We derive an exact formula for the corner free-energy contribution of\nweakly-anisotropic two-dimensional critical systems in the Ising universality\nclass on rectangular domains, expressed in terms of quantities that specify the\nanisotropic fluctuations. The resulting expression agrees with numerical exact\ncalculations that we perform for the anisotropic triangular Ising model and\nquantifies the nonuniversality of the corner term for anisotropic critical\ntwo-dimensional systems. Our generic formula is expected to apply also to other\nweakly-anisotropic critical two-dimensional systems that allow for a conformal\nfield theory description in the isotropic limit. We consider the 3-states and\n4-states Potts models as further specific examples."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Dynamical Reversibility and A New Theory of Causal Emergence: The theory of causal emergence based on effective information suggests that\ncomplex systems may exhibit a phenomenon called causal emergence, where the\nmacro-dynamics demonstrate a stronger causal effect than the micro-dynamics.\nHowever, a challenge in this theory is the dependence on the method used to\ncoarse-grain the system. In this letter, we propose a novel notion of dynamical\nreversibility and build a coarse-graining method independent theory of causal\nemergence based on that. We not only found an approximately asymptotic\nlogarithmic relation between dynamical reversibility and effective information\nfor measuring causal effect, but also propose a new definition and\nquantification of causal emergence that captures the intrinsic properties of\nthe Markov dynamics. Additionally, we also introduce a simpler method for\ncoarse-graining large Markov chains based on the dynamical reversibility.",
        "positive": "Generalized hydrodynamics of active polar suspensions: We utilize a generalized Irving-Kirkwood procedure to derive the hydrodynamic\nequations of an active matter suspension with internal structure and driven by\ninternal torque. The internal structure and torque of the active Brownian\nparticles give rise to a balance law for internal angular momentum density,\nmaking the hydrodynamic description a polar theory of continuum mechanics. We\nderive exact microscopic expressions for the stress tensor, couple stress\ntensor, internal energy density, and heat flux vector. Unlike passive matter,\nthe symmetry of the stress tensor is broken explicitly due to active internal\ntorque and the antisymmetric component drives the internal angular momentum\ndensity. These results provide a molecular basis to understand the transport\ncharacteristics and collectively provide a strategy to develop the theory of\nlinear irreversible thermodynamics of active matter."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Intrinsic computation of a Monod-Wyman-Changeux molecule: Causal states are minimal sufficient statistics of prediction of a stochastic\nprocess, their coding cost is called statistical complexity, and the implied\ncausal structure yields a sense of the process' \"intrinsic computation\". We\ndiscuss how statistical complexity changes with slight variations on a\nbiologically-motivated dynamical model, that of a Monod-Wyman-Changeux\nmolecule. Perturbations to nonexistent transitions cause statistical complexity\nto jump from finite to infinite, while perturbations to existent transitions\ncause relatively slight variations in the statistical complexity. The same is\nnot true for excess entropy, the mutual information between past and future. We\ndiscuss the implications of this for the relationship between intrinsic and\nuseful computation of biological sensory systems.",
        "positive": "Non-universal Critical Quantities from Variational Perturbation Theory\n  and Their Application to the BEC Temperature Shift: For an O(N) symmetric scalar field theory with Euclidean action integral d^3x\n[1/2 |nabla phi|^2 + 1/2 r phi^2 + 1/4! u phi^4], where phi = (phi_1,...,phi_N)\nis a vector of N real field components, variational perturbation theory through\nseven loops is employed for N = 0,1,2,3,4 to compute the renormalized value of\nr/(N+2)u^2 at the phase transition. Its exact large-N limit is determined as\nwell. We also extend an earlier computation of the interaction-induced shift\nDelta<phi^2>/Nu for N = 1,2,4 to N = 0,3. For N = 2, the results for the two\nquantities are used to compute the second-order shift of the condensation\ntemperature of a dilute Bose gas, both in the homogenous case and for the wide\nlimit of a harmonic trap. Our results are in agreement with earlier Monte Carlo\nsimulations for N = 1,2,4. The appendix contains previously unpublished\nnumerical seven-loop data provided to us by B.Nickel."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Resonant noise amplification in a predator-prey model with\n  quasi-discrete generations: Predator-prey models have been shown to exhibit resonance-like behaviour, in\nwhich random fluctuations in the number of organisms (demographic noise) are\namplified when their frequency is close to the natural oscillatory frequency of\nthe system. This behaviour has been traditionally studied in models with\nexponentially distributed replication and death times. Here we consider a\nbiologically more realistic model, in which organisms replicate\nquasi-synchronously such that the distribution of replication times has a\nnarrow maximum at some $T>0$ corresponding to the mean doubling time. We show\nthat when the frequency of replication $f=1/T$ is tuned to the natural\noscillatory frequency of the predator-prey model, the system exhibits\noscillations that are much stronger than in the model with Poissonian\n(non-synchronous) replication and death. The effect can be explained by\nresonant amplification of coloured noise generated by quasi-synchronous\nreplication events. To show this, we consider a single-species model with\nquasi-synchronous replication. We calculate the spectrum and the amplitude of\ndemographic noise in this model, and use these results to obtain these\nquantities for the two-species model.",
        "positive": "Interaction-round-a-face density-matrix renormalization-group method: A brief review of the interaction-round-a-face (IRF) density-matrix\nrenormalization-group (DMRG) method. We have demonstrated the numerical\nsuperiority of IRF-DMRG method applied to SU(2) invariant quantum spin chains\nover the conventional DMRG. The ground state energy densities and the gap\nenergies of both $S = 1$ and $S = 2$ spin chains can be calculated using the\nIRF-DMRG without extensive computations. We have also studied the effect of\ntuning boundary interaction $J_{\\rm end}^{~}$ at both ends of the chain from\nthe IRF view point. It is clearly observed that the magnon distribution is\nuniform when the best $J_{\\rm end}^{~}$ is chosen."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Effects of Diversity on Multi-agent Systems: Minority Games: We consider a version of large population games whose agents compete for\nresources using strategies with adaptable preferences. The games can be used to\nmodel economic markets, ecosystems or distributed control. Diversity of initial\npreferences of strategies is introduced by randomly assigning biases to the\nstrategies of different agents. We find that diversity among the agents reduces\ntheir maladaptive behavior. We find interesting scaling relations with\ndiversity for the variance and other parameters such as the convergence time,\nthe fraction of fickle agents, and the variance of wealth, illustrating their\ndynamical origin. When diversity increases, the scaling dynamics is modified by\nkinetic sampling and waiting effects. Analyses yield excellent agreement with\nsimulations.",
        "positive": "A new family of models with exact ground states connecting smoothly the\n  S=1/2 dimer and S=1 Haldane phases of 1D spin chains: We investigate the isotropic two-leg S=1/2 ladder with general bilinear and\nbiquadratic exchange interactions between spins on neighboring rungs, and\ndetermine the Hamiltonians which have a matrix product wavefunction as exact\nground state. We demonstrate that a smooth change of parameters leads one from\nthe S=1/2 dimer and Majumdar-Ghosh chains to the S=1 chain with biquadratic\nexchange. This proves that these model systems are in the same phase. We also\npresent a new set of models of frustrated S=1/2 spin chains (including only\nbilinear NN and NNN interactions) whose ground states can be found exactly."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Coarsening in 3D Nonconserved Ising Model at Zero Temperature: Anomalies\n  in structure and relaxation of order-parameter autocorrelation: Via Monte Carlo simulations we study pattern and aging during coarsening in\nnonconserved nearest neighbor Ising model, following quenches from infinite to\nzero temperature, in space dimension $d=3$. The decay of the order-parameter\nautocorrelation function is observed to obey a power-law behavior in the long\ntime limit. However, the exponent of the power-law, estimated accurately via a\nstate-of-art method, violates a well-known lower bound. This surprising fact\nhas been discussed in connection with a quantitative picture of the structural\nanomaly that the 3D Ising model exhibits during coarsening at zero temperature.\nThese results are compared with those for quenches to a temperature above that\nof the roughening transition.",
        "positive": "Structure of eigenstates and quench dynamics at an excited state quantum\n  phase transition: We study the structure of the eigenstates and the dynamics of a system that\nundergoes an excited state quantum phase transition (ESQPT). The analysis is\nperformed for two-level pairing models characterized by a U(n+1) algebraic\nstructure. They exhibit a second order phase transition between two limiting\ndynamical symmetries represented by the U(n) and SO(n+1) subalgebras. They are,\nor can be mapped onto, models of interacting bosons. We show that the\neigenstates with energies very close to the ESQPT critical point, E_{ESQPT},\nare highly localized in the U(n)-basis. Consequently, the dynamics of a system\ninitially prepared in a U(n)-basis vector with energy close to E_{ESQPT} may be\nextremely slow. Signatures of an ESQPT can therefore be found in the structures\nof the eigenstates and in the speed of the system evolution after a sudden\nquench. Our findings can be tested experimentally with trapped ions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Time-Symmetry Breaking in Hamiltonian Mechanics: Hamiltonian trajectories are strictly time-reversible. Any time series of\nHamiltonian coordinates {q} satisfying Hamilton's motion equations will\nlikewise satisfy them when played \"backwards\", with the corresponding momenta\nchanging signs : {+p} --> {-p}. Here we adopt Levesque and Verlet's precisely\nbit-reversible motion algorithm to ensure that the trajectory reversibility is\nexact, with the forward and backward sets of coordinates identical.\nNevertheless, the associated instantaneous Lyapunov instability, or \"sensitive\ndependence on initial conditions\" of \"chaotic\" (or \"Lyapunov unstable\")\nbit-reversible coordinate trajectories can still exhibit an exponentially\ngrowing time-symmetry-breaking irreversibility. Surprisingly, the positive and\nnegative exponents, as well as the forward and backward Lyapunov spectra, are\nusually not closely related, and so give four differing topological measures of\n\"local\" chaos. We have demonstrated this symmetry breaking for fluid\nshockwaves, for free expansions, and for chaotic molecular collisions. Here we\nillustrate and discuss this time-symmetry breaking for three\nstatistical-mechanical systems, [1] a minimal (but still chaotic) one-body\n\"cell model\" with a four-dimensional phase space; [2] relatively small\ncolliding crystallites, for which the whole Lyapunov spectrum is accessible;\n[3] a near-continuum inelastic collision of two larger 400-particle balls. In\nthe last two of these pedagogical problems the two colliding bodies coalesce.\nThe particles most prone to Lyapunov instability are dramatically different in\nthe two time directions. Thus this Lyapunov-based symmetry breaking furnishes\nan interesting Arrow of Time.",
        "positive": "Off-lattice Noise Reduced Diffusion-limited Aggregation in Three\n  Dimensions: Using off-lattice noise reduction it is possible to estimate the asymptotic\nproperties of diffusion-limited aggregation clusters grown in three dimensions\nwith greater accuracy than would otherwise be possible. The fractal dimension\nof these aggregates is found to be 2.50 +/- 0.01, in agreement with earlier\nstudies, and the asymptotic value of the relative penetration depth is 0.122\n+/- 0.002. The multipole powers of the growth measure also exhibit universal\nasymptotes. The fixed point noise reduction is estimated to be \\epsilon =\n0.0035 meaning that large clusters can be identified with a low noise regime.\nThe slowest correction to scaling exponents are measured for a number of\nproperties of the clusters, and the exponent for the relative penetration depth\nand quadrupole moment are found to be significantly different from each other.\nThe relative penetration depth exhibits the slowest correction to scaling of\nall quantities, which is consistent with a theoretical result derived in two\ndimensions."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Negative thermal conductivity of chains of rotors with mechanical\n  forcing: We consider chains of rotors subjected to both thermal and mechanical\nforcings,in a nonequilibrium steady-state. Unusual nonlinear profiles of\ntemperature and velocities are observed in the system. In particular, the\ntemperature is maximal in the center, which is an indication of the nonlocal\nbehavior of the system. In spite of that, local equilibrium holds for long\nenough chains. Our numerical results also show that, when the mechanical\nforcing is strong enough, the energy current can be increased by an inverse\ntemperature gradient. This counterintuitive result again reveals the complexity\nof nonequilibrium states.",
        "positive": "Thermodynamics of itinerant magnets in a classical spin fluctuation\n  model: Thermodynamics of itinerant magnets is studied using a classical model with\none parameter characterizing the degree of itinerancy. Monte Carlo simulations\nfor bcc and fcc lattices are compared with the mean-field approximation and\nwith the Onsager cavity field approximation extended to itinerant systems. The\nqualitative features of thermodynamics are similar to the known results of the\nfunctional integral method. It is found that magnetic short-range order is weak\nand almost independent on the degree of itinerancy, and the mean-field\napproximation describes the thermodynamics reasonably well. Ambiguity of the\nphase space measure for classical models is emphasized. The Onsager cavity\nfield method is extended to itinerant systems, which involves the\nrenormalization of both the Weiss field and the on-site exchange interaction.\nThe predictions of this approximation are in excellent agreement with Monte\nCarlo results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Thermal Fluctuation Statistics in a Molecular Motor Described by a\n  Multidimensional Master Equation: We present a theoretical investigation of thermal fluctuation statistics in a\nmolecular motor. Energy transfer in the motor is described using a\nmultidimensional discrete master equation with nearest-neighbor hopping. In\nthis theory, energy transfer leads to statistical correlations between thermal\nfluctuations in different degrees of freedom. For long times, the energy\ntransfer is a multivariate diffusion process with a constant drift and\ndiffusion. The fluctuations and drift align in the strong-coupling limit\nenabling a one-dimensional description along the coupled coordinate. We derive\nformal expressions for the probability distribution and simulate single\ntrajectories of the system in the near and far from equilibrium limits both for\nstrong and weak coupling. Our results show that the hopping statistics provide\nan opportunity to distinguish different operating regimes.",
        "positive": "Property of Tsallis entropy and principle of entropy increase: The property of Tsallis entropy is examined when considering tow systems with\ndifferent temperatures to be in contact with each other and to reach the\nthermal equilibrium. It is verified that the total Tsallis entropy of the two\nsystems cannot decrease after the contact of the systems. We derived an\ninequality for the change of Tsallis entropy in such an example, which leads to\na generalization of the principle of entropy increase in the framework of\nnonextensive statistical mechanics."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Efficient, Systematic Estimation of Alloy Free Energy from Special\n  Microscopic States: For classical discrete systems under constant composition typically refferred\nto substitutional alloys, we propose calculation method of Helmholtz free\nenergy based on a set of special microscopic states. The advantage of the\nmethod is that configuration of the special states are essentially independent\nof energy and temperature, and they depend only on underlying lattice: The\nspecial states can be known a priori without any thermodynamic information,\nenabling systematic prediction of free energy for multicomponent alloys. We\nconfirm that by comparing to conventional thermodynamic simulation, information\nabout the special states provide reasonable predictive power above\norder-disorder and phase-separating transition temperature for alloys with\nmany-body (up to 3-body) interactions.",
        "positive": "Return probability of $N$ fermions released from a 1D confining\n  potential: We consider $N$ non-interacting fermions prepared in the ground state of a 1D\nconfining potential and submitted to an instantaneous quench consisting in\nreleasing the trapping potential. We show that the quantum return probability\nof finding the fermions in their initial state at a later time falls off as a\npower law in the long-time regime, with a universal exponent depending only on\n$N$ and on whether the free fermions expand over the full line or over a\nhalf-line. In both geometries the amplitudes of this power-law decay are\nexpressed in terms of finite determinants of moments of the one-body\nbound-state wavefunctions in the potential. These amplitudes are worked out\nexplicitly for the harmonic and square-well potentials. At large fermion\nnumbers they obey scaling laws involving the Fermi energy of the initial state.\nThe use of the Selberg-Mehta integrals stemming from random matrix theory has\nbeen instrumental in the derivation of these results."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Log-correlated Random Energy Models with extensive free energy\n  fluctuations: pathologies caused by rare events as signatures of phase\n  transitions: We address systematically an apparent non-physical behavior of the free\nenergy moment generating function for several instances of the logarithmically\ncorrelated models: the Fractional Brownian Motion with Hurst index $H = 0$\n(fBm0) (and its bridge version), a 1D model appearing in decaying Burgers\nturbulence with log-correlated initial conditions, and finally, the\ntwo-dimensional logREM introduced in [Cao et al., Phys.Rev.Lett.,118,090601]\nbased on the 2D Gaussian free field (GFF) with background charges and directly\nrelated to the Liouville field theory. All these models share anomalously large\nfluctuations of the associated free energy, with a variance proportional to the\nlog of the system size. We argue that a seemingly non-physical vanishing of the\nmoment generating function for some values of parameters is related to the\ntermination point transition (a.k.a pre-freezing). We study the associated\nuniversal log corrections in the frozen phase, both for log-REMs and for the\nstandard REM, filling a gap in the literature. For the above mentioned\nintegrable instances of logREMs, we predict the non-trivial free energy\ncumulants describing non-Gaussian fluctuations on the top of the Gaussian with\nextensive variance. Some of the predictions are tested numerically.",
        "positive": "Jarzynski equality for conditional stochastic work: It has been established that the inclusive work for classical, Hamiltonian\ndynamics is equivalent to the two-time energy measurement paradigm in isolated\nquantum systems. However, a plethora of other notions of quantum work has\nemerged, and thus the natural question arises whether any other quantum notion\ncan provide motivation for purely classical considerations. In the present\nanalysis, we propose the conditional stochastic work for classical, Hamiltonian\ndynamics, which is inspired by the one-time measurement approach. This novel\nnotion is built upon the change of expectation value of the energy conditioned\non the initial energy surface. As main results we obtain a generalized\nJarzynski equality and a sharper maximum work theorem, which account for how\nnon-adiabatic the process is. Our findings are illustrated with the parametric\nharmonic oscillator."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Entanglement entropy and the complex plane of replicas: The entanglement entropy of a subsystem $A$ of a quantum system is expressed,\nin the replica method, through analytic continuation with respect to n of the\ntrace of the n-th power of the reduced density matrix $\\tr\\rho_A^n$. We study\nthe analytic properties of this quantity as a function of n in some quantum\ncritical Ising-like models in 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions. Although we find no true\nsingularities for n>0, there is a threshold value of n close to 2 which\nseparates two very different `phases'. The region with larger n is\ncharacterized by rapidly convergent Taylor expansions and is very smooth. The\nregion with smaller n has a very rich and varied structure in the complex n\nplane and is characterized by Taylor coefficients which instead of being\nmonotone decreasing, have a maximum growing with the size of the subsystem.\nFinite truncations of the Taylor expansion in this region lead to increasingly\npoor approximations of $\\tr\\rho_A^n$. The computation of the entanglement\nentropy from the knowledge of $\\tr\\rho^n_A$ for positive integer n becomes\nextremely difficult particularly in spatial dimensions larger than one, where\none cannot use conformal field theory as a guidance in the extrapolations to\nn=1.",
        "positive": "Effects of Strain coupling and Marginal dimensionality in the nature of\n  phase transition in Quantum paraelectrics: Here a recently observed weak first order transition in doped SrTiO3 is\nargued to be a consequence of the coupling between strain and order parameter\nfluctuations. Starting with a semi-microscopic action, and using\nrenormalization group equations for vertices, we write the free energy of such\na system. This fluctuation renormalized free energy is then used to discuss the\npossibility of first order transition at zero temperature as well as at finite\ntemperature. An asymptotic analysis predicts small but a finite discontinuity\nin the order parameter near a mean field quantum critical point at zero\ntemperature. In case of finite temperature transition, near quantum critical\npoint such a possibility is found to be extremely weak. Results are in accord\nwith some experimental findings on quantum paraelectrics such as SrTiO3 and\nKTaO3."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "Stochastic approach and fluctuation theorem for ion transport: We present a stochastic approach for ion transport at the mesoscopic level.\nThe description takes into account the self-consistent electric field generated\nby the fixed and mobile charges as well as the discrete nature of these latter.\nAs an application we study the noise in the ion transport process, including\nthe effect of the displacement current generated by the fluctuating electric\nfield. The fluctuation theorem is shown to hold for the electric current with\nand without the displacement current.",
        "positive": "An illustrative example of the relationship between dissipation and\n  relative entropy: Kawai, Parrondo, and Van den Broeck [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 080602 (2007)] have\nrecently established a quantitative relationship between dissipated work and a\nmicroscopic, information-theoretic measure of irreversibility. We illustrate\nthis result using the exactly solvable system of a Brownian particle in a\ndragged harmonic trap."
    },
    {
        "anchor": "An Interface View of Directed Sandpile Dynamics: We present a directed unloading sand box type avalanche model, driven by\nslowly lowering the retaining wall at the bottom of the slope. The avalanche\npropagation in the two dimensional surface is related to the space-time\nconfigurations of one dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) type interface\ngrowth dynamics. We express the scaling exponents for the avalanche cluster\ndistributions into that framework. The numerical results agree closely with KPZ\nscaling, but not perfectly.",
        "positive": "A new approach for efficient simulation of Coulomb interactions in ionic\n  fluids: We propose a simplified version of local molecular field (LMF) theory to\ntreat Coulomb interactions in simulations of ionic fluids. LMF theory relies on\nsplitting the Coulomb potential into a short-ranged part that combines with\nother short-ranged core interactions and is simulated explicitly. The averaged\neffects of the remaining long-ranged part are taken into account through a\nself-consistently determined effective external field. The theory contains an\nadjustable length parameter sigma that specifies the cut-off distance for the\nshort-ranged interaction. This can be chosen to minimize the errors resulting\nfrom the mean-field treatment of the complementary long-ranged part. Here we\nsuggest that in many cases an accurate approximation to the effective field can\nbe obtained directly from the equilibrium charge density given by the Debye\ntheory of screening, thus eliminating the need for a self-consistent treatment.\nIn the limit sigma -> 0, this assumption reduces to the classical Debye\napproximation. We examine the numerical performance of this approximation for a\nsimple model of a symmetric ionic mixture. Our results for thermodynamic and\nstructural properties of uniform ionic mixtures agree well with similar results\nof Ewald simulations of the full ionic system. In addition we have used the\nsimplified theory in a grand-canonical simulation of a nonuniform ionic mixture\nwhere an ion has been fixed at the origin. Simulations using short-ranged\ntruncations of the Coulomb interactions alone do not satisfy the exact\ncondition of complete screening of the fixed ion, but this condition is\nrecovered when the effective field is taken into account. We argue that this\nsimplified approach can also be used in the simulations of more complex\nnonuniform systems."
    }
]